bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flourishing communities: A new model to promote sustainable community leadership and transformation in semi‐rural Kenya
Authors: Goodman Michael , Theron Linda , Seidel Sarah , Elliott Aleisha , Raimer‐Goodman Lauren , Keiser Philip , Gitari Stanley , Gatwiri Christine
Published: November 2022

Communities often face numerous challenges and opportunities—situations that may be reduced to specific domains by researchers, policy makers and interventionists. This study informs and animates a new “flourishing community” model that seeks to build collective capacity to respond to challenges and opportunities. Our work is a response to children living on the streets, whose families face myriad challenges. The Sustainable Development Goals make explicit the need for new, integrative models that acknowledge the interplay of challenges and opportunities within communities through the flow of everyday life. Flourishing communities are generative, supportive, resilient, compassionate, curious, responsive and self‐determined, and they build resources across economic, social, educational, and health domains. Integrating theoretical models—specifically, community‐led development, multi‐systemic resilience, and the “broaden and build” cycle of attachment—provides a testable framework to understand and explore hypothesised relationships between survey‐collected, cross‐sectional variables with 335 participants. Higher collective efficacy, a common byproduct of group‐based microlending activities, was correlated with higher sociopolitical control. This correlation was mediated by higher positive emotion, meaning in life, spirituality, curiosity, and compassion. Further research is required to understand replicability, cross‐sectoral impact, mechanisms of integrating health and development domains, and implementation challenges of the flourishing community model. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Personalized ontology and deep training tree‐based optimal gated recurrent unit‐recurrent neural network for prediction of students' behavior
Authors: Mary Harin Fernandez F. , Venkata Ramana T. , Shabana Mahammad , Kannagi V. , Nalini M.
Published: November 2022

Digital libraries are now widely used by students all around the world due to the hassle‐free services it offers in the form of digitized study materials, ebooks, multimedia content and so forth. However, to increase user satisfaction and allegiance, a personalized digital library needs to be deployed to offer customized services to the users. To accomplish this objective, this article presents a novel scheme to design personalized digital libraries via the usage of the Protégé editor and machine learning techniques. The Protégé 4.3 tool is used to generate the digital library ontologies and identify the interrelated concepts. Domain knowledge acquisition, ontology organization, ontology elaboration, ensuring the consistency of the information, and ontology validation. The gated recurrent unit‐recurrent neural network (GRU‐RNN) with a deep training tree (DTT) is used to predict the different user behavior styles such as cognitive behavior, learning speed behavior, sedentary behavior, and aggressive behavior. The DTT is mainly incorporated to overcome the vanishing gradient issue associated with the GRU‐RNN and used in the place of gradient‐based optimization. A black widow optimization approach is employed to update the weights of the GRU‐RNN network in order to increase its accuracy. The efficiency of the proposed methodology is analyzed by using different performance metrics such as F‐score, accuracy, loss, precision, and recall scores. The results show that the personalized digital library created can be efficient in terms of usability.
Hybrid support vector machine and K‐nearest neighbor‐based software testing for educational assistant
Authors: Ramesh Lilly , Radhika S. , Jothi S.
Published: November 2022

In terms of training students for work in diverse firms, traditional and out‐of‐date teaching techniques cannot compete with digital teaching methods. To overcome this problem, the teaching approach and content must be changed. An Educational Assistant for Software Testing (EAST) framework is developed in this work to train students to improve their skills in software testing via Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) built using Natural Language Processing (NLP), Machine learning, and information retrieval techniques. In this paper, a Group Search Optimized two‐stage hybrid Support Vector Machine‐K‐Nearest Neighbor (SVM‐KNN) classifier is used to develop a novel approach for analyzing the parameters that introduce bugs in bug reports. To decrease the data sparsity problem, the group search optimization (GSO) algorithm is used to improve the parameter selection process of the two‐stage hybrid classifier by generating optimal values for parameters such as k, c, and gamma. Two bug report datasets were used to test the model. The database for our application is built by collecting bug reports from a wide open‐source community as well as several mobile application development companies. Based on the extensive experiments conducted via different performance metrics, we can conclude that the EAST framework can improve outdated teaching methodologies.
A novel robust convolutional neural network for uniform resource locator classification from the view of cyber security
Authors: Kabakus Abdullah Talha
Published: November 2022

Uniform resource locator (URL)‐based cyber‐attacks form a major part of security threats in cyberspace. Even though the experience and awareness of the end‐users help them protect themselves from these attacks, a software‐based solution is necessary for comprehensive protection. To this end, a novel robust URL classification model based on convolutional neural network is proposed in this study. The proposed model classifies given URLs into five classes, namely, () , () , () , () , and () . The proposed model was trained and evaluated on a gold standard URL dataset comprising of samples. According to the experimental result, the proposed model obtained an accuracy as high as which outperformed the state‐of‐the‐art. Based on the same architecture, we proposed another classifier, a binary classifier that detects malicious URLs without dealing with their types. This binary classifier obtained an accuracy as high as which outperformed the state‐of‐the‐art as well. The experimental result demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed solution.
Waste Lithium Ion Battery Evolves into Heteroatom Doped Carbon as Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst for Aqueous Al‐Air Batteries
Authors: Shen Yanhao , Zhang Guixin , Wang Ruixi , Shen Liyuan , Li Qingyu , Zheng Fenghua , Wu Qiang , Ma Zhaoling
Published: November 2022

Carbon based electrocatalysts prepared by recycling waste power batteries can not only realize the new utilization of waste energy materials, but also obtain cheap and efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalyst for metal‐air battery. Based on the cathode carbon of waste LiFePO4 batteries, nitrogen doped carbon based catalyst NC‐1000 is prepared by simple pyrolysis, acid dissolution of LiFePO4 and high temperature heteroatom doping. The catalyst is characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and Raman spectrum, and the electrochemical performances of the catalyst and Al‐air battery were tested. The results show that carbon based electrocatalyst NC‐1000 is rich in structural defects and embedded with trace metal oxides. Compared with commercial 20 wt% Pt/C, it has higher electrocatalytic activity and faster kinetic with a half‐wave potential of 0.828 V vs. RHE and the Tafel slope of 70.7 mV dec−1. In addition, assembled into Al‐air battery, the open circuit potential can reach 1.57 V along with the high power density of 141 mW cm−2 at 200 mA cm−2. The discharge specific capacity at higher current of up to 100 mA cm−2 is even better than the commercial Pt/C. This study can not only improve the economic value of waste power batteries, but also obtain high‐performance ORR electrocatalyst, which will greatly promote the commercial development of Al‐air batteries.
Classification of inheritance of trichomes in different organs in zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.)
Authors: Lin Dongjuan , Luo Yusong , Li Wenling , Hou Yuetong , Ding Wenqi , Wang Chaojie , Zhang Feng , Qu Shuping , Wang Yunli
Published: November 2022

Plant trichomes are specialized structures that develop from epidermal cells and are widely present on the surface of the aboveground tissues in plants. Trichomes play a significant role in plant development, the biotic and abiotic adaptations, and some of them have important commercial value. Trichome micromorphology of the aboveground parts of zucchini germplasm resources was observed, and the results showed that zucchini trichomes are multicellular, and they consist of head, stem, and basal cells. Zucchini trichomes were classified into seven types: type I, II, III, and VII trichomes were nonglandular, and type IV, V, and VI trichomes were glandular. Each type had a unique structure and morphology, and type I and II trichomes were long and pointy, which could easily be observed. According to the presence of type I and II trichomes, the zucchini germplasm resources were divided into long dense trichome (LDT) groups (presence of type I and II trichomes) and sparse micro trichome (SMT) groups (absence of type I and II trichomes). The F2 population derived by crossing typical LDT 16 and typical SMT 63 was constructed, and the density of type I and type II petiole trichomes was found significantly different. Petiole trichome density exhibited quantitative characteristic inheritance and was controlled by multiple genes. A study of the structure and morphology of zucchini trichomes can deepen the understanding of multicellular trichomes and lay the foundation for the morphological development of zucchini trichomes and the identification of trichome density genes, which could have important theoretical and practical application value for the selection of new zucchini varieties in the future.
A Method for the Synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroquinolines through Reduction of Quinolin‐2(1H)‐ones Promoted by SmI2/H2O/Et3N
Authors: Zhang Lingyu , Xie Dengbing , Zhang Songlin
Published: November 2022

The reduction of quinolin‐2(1H)‐ones to 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines promoted by SmI2/ H2O/ Et3N is reported for the first time. This reaction involving the reduction of the amides proceeds through C−O bond cleavage. A new method for the synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines in mild conditions is developed.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Double C−H Activation of Imidazopyridines with Vinylene Carbonate for the Synthesis of Pyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazoles
Authors: Liu Min , Sui Xinlei , Wen Jiangwei , Li Qiuyun , Liu Xiao , Wang Xiaoyu , Wang Xiu , Yan Kelu
Published: November 2022

The synthesis of pyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazole derivatives from the cobalt(III)‐catalyzed C−H activation and vinylene transfer of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines with vinylene carbonate has been proposed. Most products of pyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazoles were achieved in good yields under simple and easy‐to‐operate conditions. Scale‐up preparation and several preliminary mechanistic studies involving C−H bond activation and electronic effects between different substrates were also performed. This protocol offers an alternative approach for the synthesis of diverse useful pyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazole derivatives.
Does anchoring vary across cultures? Expanding the Many Labs analysis
Authors: Kakinohana Regis K. , Pilati Ronaldo , Klein Richard A.
Published: November 2022

Numerous investigations have examined anchoring effects, but most of them studied individuals from similar cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds. Replication studies have shown that anchoring heuristics have heterogeneous effects across different cultural groups. In the present investigation, we examined this heterogeneity by looking for associations between effect size and cultural values orientation. We conducted pre‐registered meta‐analyses of four anchoring tasks, using open data provided by previous works and collected from 6,344 participants in 10 countries. The analyses confirmed that anchoring effects display strong heterogeneity between cultures. Moreover, specific cultural values orientations explained substantial amounts of variability in anchoring effect sizes between cultures: Intellectual Autonomy and Egalitarianism were negatively correlated with anchoring effect size, as we had expected. Surprisingly, Harmony was also negatively correlated with anchoring effect size, whereas Mastery had a positive association. These results suggest that cultural differences can play an important role in observed anchoring effect size.
Support (and rejection) of meritocracy as a self‐enhancement identity strategy: A qualitative study of university students’ perceptions about meritocracy in higher education
Authors: Fernández Daniela P. , Ryan Michelle K. , Begeny Christopher T.
Published: November 2022

Access to Higher Education (HE) is based on the idea that all students should have the same opportunities, and that merit and hard work, regardless of students’ backgrounds, will lead to success. However, inequalities remain despite efforts to provide equal access to HE, raising questions about the validity of such a meritocratic approach. Using qualitative analysis, we interviewed UK university students to understand students’ perceptions of meritocracy in HE, and if and how students associated these perceptions with their gender and subjective socioeconomic status identity experiences. Students’ perceptions could be described in two main ideas: (a) the perceived commitment of their universities to meritocracy, and (b) their endorsement and rejection of meritocracy as an identity enhancement strategy. Hence, both support and lack of support for meritocracy are strategies used by disadvantaged groups to navigate and cope with the lack of opportunities and socioeconomic disadvantages in HE.
Sensitive Electrochemical Quantification of Proanthocyanidins in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) by Utilizing Disposable Screen‐printed Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Newair Emad F. , Khairy Mohamed
Published: November 2022

This work presents quantification of proanthocyanidins (PAs) isolated from grapevine using disposable screen‐printed carbon electrodes (SPCE). Procyanidin B2 (B2) used as a model to investigate the electrochemical characteristics of complicated PAs structures in Britton Robinson buffer solution using cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. B2 exhibits a well‐defined reversible redox wave at +0.49 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Significantly, the B2 was determined over a linear concentration range of 3.45–34.6 μM with a detection limit of 2.07 μM. The SPCE was used to analyze PAs in grapevine samples, and the results were consistent with those obtained using Folin‐Ciocalteu standard method.
Single‐particle electrophoresis for studying the adsorption of cationic polymers onto anionic particles
Authors: Amer Cid Íngrid , Van Daele Lenny , Dubruel Peter , Neyts Kristiaan , Strubbe Filip
Published: November 2022

Understanding the adsorption of polymers onto particles is crucial for many technological and biomedical applications. Even though polymer adsorption on particles is a dynamic process, most experimental techniques can only study the adsorption indirectly, in equilibrium and on the ensemble level. New analysis methods are required to overcome these limitations. We investigated the use of single‐particle electrophoresis to study the adsorption kinetics of cationic polymers onto anionic particles and compared the resulting data to a theoretical model. In this approach, the electrophoretic mobility of single polystyrene (PS) particles, exposed to different concentrations of poly(2‐guanidinoethyl methacrylate), was measured as a function of time. The polymer adsorption leads to an electrophoretic mobility change of the PS particle over time, from the initial negative value to a positive value at equilibrium. By fitting the kinetics data to the Langmuir model, the adsorption rate, desorption rate and equilibrium constant were determined. Finally, the adsorption kinetics of several other polymers was investigated. This showed that the presented technique enables direct analysis and comparison of the kinetics of polymer adsorption on the single‐particle level.
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance in Ge/GeO2 Nanotubes Anode Derived from C/Ge Nanofibers
Authors: Zeng Yong , Yue Chuang , Fang Xiangxiang , Huang Long , Hu Ziyang , Cuan Jing , Zhao Zhian , Zhu Yuejin
Published: November 2022

Hollow discontinuous Ge/GeO2 nanotubes are successfully prepared after the facile oxidization process in air, which are derived from the C/Ge core–shell nanofibers. Electrospinning and chemical vapor deposition techniques are used to fabricate the carbon nanofiber templates and the Ge shell electrode, respectively. Compared with the C/Ge nanocomposites, the Ge/GeO2 nanotube anode demonstrates improved electrochemical performance due to the enlarged surface area and enough space, which can effectively retard the Ge electrode large volume change during repeated cycling. Full‐battery Ge/GeO2||LiCoO2 is also configured and displays good Li‐ion storage ability.
Temperature, pressure, and adsorption‐dependent redox potentials: Ⅱ. Processes of CH4 oxidation to value‐added compounds
Authors: Fang Siyuan , Hu Yun Hang
Published: November 2022

Methane (CH4) is the primary component of natural gas and a powerful greenhouse gas. CH4 can be utilized as an important raw material to produce value‐added chemicals via catalytic partial oxidation, oxidative/non‐oxidative coupling, steam reforming, dry reforming, etc. Redox potential is a key thermodynamic quantity in these processes while currently, only standard reduction potentials at 25°C and 1 atm are available. Herein, this is the first time to report the temperature (0–1000°C), pressure (1–100 atm), and adsorption‐dependent redox potentials of 13 CH4 oxidation reactions to generate methyl radical, methanol, methyl hydroperoxide, formaldehyde, formic acid, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ethane, ethylene, ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, and benzene. It was found that redox potentials of all states (gaseous, aqueous, and adsorption states) decrease with temperature at an accelerated rate but show different responses to pressure change. Namely, while gas‐phase and aqueous‐phase redox potentials increase and decrease with pressure at a gradually declined rate, respectively, adsorption‐state redox potentials are insensitive to pressure. Most importantly, the significant differences up to 1.92 V under varied conditions reveal the necessity of applying operando redox potentials for CH4 oxidation reactions that are enabled by this report as an enriched database for broad applications.
Brain injury triggers cell‐type‐specific and time‐dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress responses
Authors: Fan Qiyan , Takarada‐Iemata Mika , Okitani Nahoko , Tamatani Takashi , Ishii Hiroshi , Hattori Tsuyoshi , Kiryu‐Seo Sumiko , Kiyama Hiroshi , Hori Osamu
Published: November 2022

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a signal transduction network that responds to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by coordinating protein homeostasis to maintain cell viability. The UPR can also trigger cell death when adaptive responses fail to improve protein homeostasis. Despite accumulating evidence suggesting that the UPR plays a role in neurodegenerative diseases and brain insults, our understanding of how ER stress is induced under neuropathological conditions is limited. Here, we investigated the cell‐ and time‐specific patterns of the ER stress response after brain injury using ER stress‐activated indicator (ERAI) mice, which enable monitoring of the UPR in vivo via increased fluorescence of a spliced XBP‐1 protein fused with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) variant Venus. Following cortical stab injury of ERAI mice, the GFP signal and number of GFP+ cells increased in the ipsilateral cortex throughout the observation period (6 h to 7 days post‐injury), confirming the induction of the UPR. GFP signals were observed in injured neurons early (from 6 h) after brain injury. However, non‐neuronal cells, mainly endothelial cells followed by astrocytes, accounted for the majority of GFP+ cells after brain injury. Similar results were obtained in a mouse model of focal cerebral ischemia. These findings suggest that activation of the UPR in both neuronal and non‐neuronal cells, especially endothelial cells and astrocytes, may play an important role in and could be a potential therapeutic target for acute brain injuries.
Healthcare use patterns before Alzheimer's disease and related diseases identification and future healthcare trajectory
Authors: Couret Anaïs , Lapeyre‐Mestre Maryse , Gombault‐Datzenko Eugénie , Renoux Axel , Villars Hélène , Gardette Virginie
Published: November 2022

Objectives

A frequent late Alzheimer's Disease and Related Diseases (ADRD) identification is described and may induce erratic health resource use. We aimed to describe healthcare use patterns preceding ADRD identification.

Methods

We studied persons aged 65 or older, identified with incident ADRD in 2012 in the French health insurance database. Healthcare use covering a wide range of care in ambulatory and hospital settings during the period ranging from 18 to six months before ADRD identification was studied. The main dimensions of healthcare use patterns before ADRD identification were investigated in three age groups (65–74, 75–84, ≥85) through a multiple correspondence analysis. These dimensions were secondarily interpreted according to the 5‐year healthcare trajectory following ADRD identification, qualified as favorable (or not) by experts in the field.

Results

This research studied 36,990 subjects. Four dimensions raised in each age group. Two dimensions' interpretations were retrieved in all age groups: intensity of healthcare use, functional dependency. However, their rank differed along with the qualification of the future healthcare trajectory. Some specificities appeared in some age group. In the 65–74 and 75–84 years groups, there were dimensions reflecting healthcare use related to psychiatric or psycho‐behavioral disorders. In the ≥85 group, two dimensions reflected dependency related to other comorbidities, and organised medical follow‐up.

Conclusion

Several dimensions emerged in line with erratic trajectories before ADRD identification. They underlined the need for actions towards ADRD identification.
Changes in global functional network properties predict individual differences in habit formation
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Zwosta Katharina , Wolfensteller Uta , Ruge Hannes
Published: November 2022

Prior evidence suggests that sensorimotor regions play a crucial role in habit formation. Yet, whether and how their global functional network properties might contribute to a more comprehensive characterization of habit formation still remains unclear. Capitalizing on advances in Elastic Net regression and predictive modeling, we examined whether learning‐related functional connectivity alterations distributed across the whole brain could predict individual habit strength. Using the leave‐one‐subject‐out cross‐validation strategy, we found that the habit strength score of the novel unseen subjects could be successfully predicted. We further characterized the contribution of both, individual large‐scale networks and individual brain regions by calculating their predictive weights. This highlighted the pivotal role of functional connectivity changes involving the sensorimotor network and the cingulo–opercular network in subject‐specific habit strength prediction. These results contribute to the understanding the neural basis of human habit formation by demonstrating the importance of global functional network properties especially also for predicting the observable behavioral expression of habits.
Enantiopure Alleno‐Acetylenic Cage Receptors for Molecular Recognition in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Wieland Goetzke F. , Gropp Cornelius , Schwab Anatol , Donckèle Etienne J. , Thilgen Carlo , Diederich François
Published: November 2022

The recognition of small molecules in hydrophobic cavities in aqueous medium is a fundamental process in molecular biology. Previously, we described the synthesis and conformational switching of enantiopure alleno‐acetylenic cage receptors as well as their application as model systems to study in detail the interplay of space occupancy, conformation, complexation, and chiral recognition in organic solvents. Now, we report the synthesis of three enantiopure alleno‐acetylenic cage receptors functionalized with hydrophilic groups at their surface, which allows an extension of the studies to aqueous media. The new receptors show solvent‐ and guest‐induced binary conformational switching between an ‘open’ and a ‘closed’ cage conformation. Importantly, the chiroptical properties of the alleno‐acetylenic receptors are strongly conformation‐dependent, an effect that manifests itself upon guest inclusion. We used electronic circular dichroism titrations to quantitatively study the binding of small organic molecules inside the hydrophobic receptor cavity in methanolic water.
Lectin‐based phototherapy targeting cell surface glycans for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kuroda Yukihito , Oda Tatsuya , Shimomura Osamu , Hashimoto Shinji , Akashi Yoshimasa , Miyazaki Yoshihiro , Furuya Kinji , Furuta Tomoaki , Nakahashi Hiromitsu , Louphrasitthiphol Pakavarin , Mathis Bryan J , Nakajima Takahito , Tateno Hiroaki
Published: November 2022

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is resistant to current treatments but lectin‐based therapy targeting cell surface glycans could be a promising new horizon. Here, we report a novel lectin‐based phototherapy (Lec‐PT) that combines the PDAC targeting ability of rBC2LCN lectin to a photoabsorber, IRDye700DX (rBC2‐IR700), resulting in a novel and highly specific near‐infrared, light‐activated, anti‐PDAC therapy. Lec‐PT cytotoxicity was first verified in vitro with a human PDAC cell line, Capan‐1, indicating that rBC2‐IR700 is only cytotoxic upon cellular binding and exposure to near‐infrared light. The therapeutic efficacy of Lec‐PT was subsequently verified in vivo using cell lines and patient‐derived, subcutaneous xenografting into nude mice. Significant accumulation of rBC2‐IR700 occurs as early as 2 hours postintravenous administration while cytotoxicity is only achieved upon exposure to near‐infrared light. Repeated treatments further slowed tumor growth. Lec‐PT was also assessed for off‐target toxicity in the orthotopic xenograft model. Shielding of intraperitoneal organs from near‐infrared light minimized off‐target toxicity. Using readily available components, Lec‐PT specifically targeted pancreatic cancer with high reproducibility and on‐target, inducible toxicity. Rapid clinical development of this method is promising as a new modality for treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Gendered racial microaggressions and emerging adult Black women's social and general anxiety: Distress intolerance and stress as mediators
Authors: Burke Lindsey A. , Chijioke Sandra , Le Thomas P.
Published: November 2022

There is robust evidence that gendered racial microaggressions affect Black women's mental health. However, few studies have examined how this form of discrimination affects Black women's social anxiety in addition to their general anxiety, as well as the underlying mechanisms related to gendered racial microaggressions and anxiety.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between gendered racial microaggressions stress (GRMS) and gendered racial microaggressions frequency (GRMF), and Black women's social anxiety and general anxiety symptoms. We also examined the mediating roles of distress intolerance and stress in these associations.

Method

One hundred and sixty‐three Black women, between the ages of 18 and 25 years old, completed a cross‐sectional survey. Regression analyses were used to examine the associations between gendered racial microaggressions and social anxiety and general anxiety, and mediation analyses examined the indirect effect of gendered racial microaggressions on the outcome variables through distress intolerance and stress.

Results

GRMS was associated with greater social and general anxiety through the mechanisms of distress intolerance and stress. GRMF was associated with reduced social anxiety and was not associated with general anxiety.

Conclusions

Intervention efforts should be aimed to prevent the experience of gendered racial microaggressions to prevent subsequent stress and mental health outcomes for Black women.
Brain grey and white matter structural associations with future suicidal ideation and behaviors in adolescent and young adult females with mood disorders
Authors: Colic Lejla , Villa Luca M. , Dauvermann Maria R. , van Velzen Laura S. , Sankar Anjali , Goldman Danielle A. , Panchal Priyanka , Kim Jihoon A. , Quatrano Susan , Spencer Linda , Constable R. Todd , Suckling John , Goodyer Ian M. , Schmaal Lianne , van Harmelen Anne‐Laura , Blumberg Hilary P.
Published: November 2022

Background

To reduce suicide in females with mood disorders, it is critical to understand brain substrates underlying their vulnerability to future suicidal ideation and behaviors (SIBs) in adolescence and young adulthood. In an international collaboration, grey and white matter structure was investigated in adolescent and young adult females with future suicidal behaviors (fSB) and ideation (fSI), and without SIBs (fnonSIB).

Methods

Structural (n = 91) and diffusion‐weighted (n = 88) magnetic resonance imaging scans at baseline and SIB measures at follow‐up on average two years later (standard deviation, SD = 1 year) were assessed in 92 females [age(SD) = 16.1(2.6) years] with bipolar disorder (BD, 28.3%) or major depressive disorder (MDD, 71.7%). One‐way analyses of covariance comparing baseline regional grey matter cortical surface area, thickness, subcortical grey volumes, or white matter tensor‐based fractional anisotropy across fSB (n = 40, 43.5%), fSI (n = 33, 35.9%) and fnonSIB (n = 19, 20.6%) groups were followed by pairwise comparisons in significant regions (p < 0.05).

Results

Compared to fnonSIBs, fSIs and fSBs showed significant decreases in cortical thickness of right inferior frontal gyrus pars orbitalis and middle temporal gyrus, fSIs of left inferior frontal gyrus, pars orbitalis. FSIs and fSBs showed lower fractional anisotropy in left uncinate fasciculus and corona radiata, and fSBs in right uncinate and superior fronto‐occipital fasciculi.

Conclusions

The study provides preliminary evidence of grey and white matter alterations in brain regions subserving emotional and behavioral regulation and perceptual processing in adolescent and young adult females with mood disorders with, versus without, future SIBs. Findings suggest potential targets to prevent SIBs in female adolescents and young adults.
On the hormonal control of posterior regeneration in the annelid Platynereis dumerilii
Authors: Álvarez‐Campos Patricia , Planques Anabelle , Bideau Loïc , Vervoort Michel , Gazave Eve
Published: November 2022

Regeneration is the process by which many animals are able to restore lost or injured body parts. After amputation of the posterior part of its body, the annelid Platynereis dumerilii is able to regenerate the pygidium, the posteriormost part of its body that bears the anus, and a subterminal growth zone containing stem cells that allows the subsequent addition of new segments. The ability to regenerate their posterior part (posterior regeneration) is promoted, in juvenile worms, by a hormone produced by the brain and is lost when this hormonal activity becomes low at the time the worms undergo their sexual maturation. By characterizing posterior regeneration at the morphological and molecular levels in worms that have been decapitated, we show that the presence of the head is essential for multiple aspects of posterior regeneration, as well as for the subsequent production of new segments. We also show that methylfarnesoate, the molecule proposed to be the brain hormone, can partially rescue the posterior regeneration defects observed in decapitated worms. Our results are therefore consistent with a key role of brain hormonal activity in the control of regeneration and growth in P. dumerilii, and support the hypothesis of the involvement of methylfarnesoate in this control.
On independent domination of regular graphs
Authors: Cho Eun‐Kyung , Choi Ilkyoo , Park Boram
Published: November 2022

The domination number of a graph , denoted , is the minimum size of a dominating set of , and the independent domination number of , denoted , is the minimum size of a dominating set of that is also independent. Let be an integer. Generalizing a result on cubic graphs by Lam, Shiu, and Sun, we prove that for a connected ‐regular graph that is not , which is tight for . This answers a question by Goddard et al. in the affirmative. We also show that for a connected ‐regular graph that is not , strengthening upon a result of Knor, Škrekovski, and Tepeh. In addition, we prove that a graph with maximum degree at most 4 satisfies , which is also tight.
MRI Radiomics Signature of Pediatric Medulloblastoma Improves Risk Stratification Beyond Clinical and Conventional MR Imaging Features
Authors: Zheng Hui , Li Jinning , Liu Huanhuan , Ting Gui , Yin Qiufeng , Li Rui , Liu Ming , Zhang Yuzhen , Duan Shaofeng , Li Yuhua , Wang Dengbin
Published: November 2022

Background

Prognostic evaluation is important for personalized treatment in children with medulloblastoma (MB). Limited data are available for risk stratification using a radiomics‐based model.

Purpose

To evaluate the incremental value of an MRI radiomics signature in stratifying the risk of pediatric MB in terms of overall survival (OS).

Study type

Retrospective.

Subjects

A total of 111 children (mean age 5.82 years) with pathologically confirmed MB divided into training and validation cohorts (77 and 34 children, respectively).

Field Strength/Sequence

A 3 T, contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted imaging with inversion recovery.

Assessment

The study endpoint was OS defined as the time between the preoperative MRI study and death or last follow‐up. The radiomics signature model and a clinical‐MRI model were developed for personalized OS prediction. An integrative model, which combined the radiomics signature and clinical‐MRI features, was also built using multivariable Cox regression model. The performance of the three models was evaluated with the C‐index. The performance of integrative model was assessed by calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Statistical Tests

Independent T‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, Fisher's exact tests or chi‐square test, logistic regression analysis, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, C‐index, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The media OS was 2.83 years (3.87 ± 1.85 years). Two clinical and one conventional MR imaging features (remnant, adjuvant treatment, and peritumoral edema) were selected for clinical‐MRI model building. The integrative model evaluated OS (C‐index 0.823) better than either the radiomics signature (C‐index 0.702) or the clinical‐MRI model (C‐index 0.771). And it also showed good performance in the validation cohort (C‐indices: 0.786, 0.756, 0.721), which was validated by the good calibration (P > 0.05) and more benefit.

Data Conclusions

This study demonstrated that the integrative model, which combined radiomics signature, clinical, and conventional MRI features, showed best performance in OS evaluation for children with MB. The radiomics signature may confer incremental value over clinical‐MRI features.

Evidence Level

3.

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2.
Radiographic and clinical signs of periodontitis and associated bacterial species in a Swedish adolescent population
Authors: Lindholm Mark , Claesson Rolf , Löf Hanna , Chiang Huei‐Min , Oscarsson Jan , Johansson Anders , Åberg Carola Höglund
Published: November 2022

Background

Periodontitis in adolescents has historically been rare in the Nordic countries but could be expected to increase due to changing demographics. The primary aim was to cross‐sectionally examine the presence of radiographic bone loss in adolescents in Västerbotten County, Sweden. The secondary aim was to compare periodontal and microbial parameters, as well as demographic patterns, between controls without bone loss and cases with bone loss.

Methods

Adolescents born in 2001 who had a dental examination in 2016 (n = 1656) were screened for proximal bone loss using bitewing radiographs taken during dental examinations (2014–2016). Individuals exhibiting proximal bone loss (>2 mm) were invited to participate in a complete periodontal examination. Subgingival plaque and saliva were also sampled. For each adolescent with bone loss, two healthy individuals as controls were examined. Selected bacterial species in saliva and subgingival plaque were examined by quantitative PCR. The subgingival plaque samples were also analyzed via cultivation technique.

Results

Proximal bone loss was identified in 24 individuals (1.45%) based on the radiographs. Thirteen of these cases were periodontally examined and matched with 26 controls. Most cases were diagnosed with periodontitis (12/13 [92%]), whereas none of the controls had periodontitis. Higher concentrations and higher prevalence of the bacteria Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Filifactor alocis were generally found in the cases.

Conclusion

The results suggest that periodontitis is increasing among adolescents in Sweden because of demographic differences (an increasingly heterogenous population), and emphasize the importance of radiographs for early detection of this disease.
Waterborne Acrylic Resin Containing Luminescent Eu3+ Pigments for Luminescent Solar Concentrators
Authors: Bertozzi Andrea Fausto , Picchi Alberto , Pucci Andrea
Published: November 2022

This study reports the use of waterborne acrylic resin as a polymer matrix for thin‐film luminescent solar concentrators (LSC). A water dispersable lanthanide complex based on commercially available Eu3+ chelate (Lumilux SDP Red, Lu Red) is utilized as the red‐emitting pigment. The derived thin polymer films of about 100 µm show absorptions of the organic ligand comprised between 300 and 400 nm, flanked by scattering phenomena caused by the presence of the micro‐sized pigment particles, whose dispersion is not adversely affected by concentration. The film's emission displays the typical fluorescence of Eu3+ chelates around 600 nm with quantum yields between 20 and 36%. External quantum efficiencies (ηext) are found to increase up to 4–4.5% with Lu Red content less than 10–15%, while dropping to about 3% at the highest content, possibly due to the adverse influence of the scattering phenomena within the waveguide. Maximum device efficiencies (ηdev) of 0.70% confirm the potentiality offered by the new LSC systems, thus definitely supporting the waterborne polymer matrices for the development of high‐performance and water‐based solar collectors.
New blow‐up criteria for local solutions of the 3D generalized MHD equations in Lei–Lin–Gevrey spaces
Authors: Melo Wilberclay G. , Rocha Natã Firmino
Published: November 2022

This paper determines the existence of a unique local solution for the 3D generalized magnetohydrodynamics equations. In order to be more precise, our solution is obtained by involving Lei–Lin–Gevrey spaces as well as Lei–Lin spaces. Furthermore, we present five new blow‐up criteria for this same system when the maximal time of existence is finite. It is important to point out that one of these criteria is obtained by assuming fractional Laplacians with equal powers.
Dual attention guided multiscale neural network trained with curriculum learning for noninvasive prediction of Gleason Grade Group from MRI
Authors: Hu Jisu , Shen Ao , Qiao Xiaomeng , Zhou Zhiyong , Qian Xusheng , Zheng Yi , Bao Jie , Wang Ximing , Dai Yakang
Published: November 2022

Background

The Gleason Grade Group (GG) is essential in assessing the malignancy of prostate cancer (PCa) and is typically obtained by invasive biopsy procedures in which sampling errors could lead to inaccurately scored GGs. With the gradually recognized value of bi‐parametric magnetic resonance imaging (bpMRI) in PCa, it is beneficial to noninvasively predict GGs from bpMRI for early diagnosis and treatment planning of PCa. However, it is challenging to establish the connection between bpMRI features and GGs.

Purpose

In this study, we propose a dual attention‐guided multiscale neural network (DAMS‐Net) to predict the 5‐scored GG from bpMRI and design a training curriculum to further improve the prediction performance.

Methods

The proposed DAMS‐Net incorporates a feature pyramid network (FPN) to fully extract the multiscale features for lesions of varying sizes and a dual attention module to focus on lesion and surrounding regions while avoiding the influence of irrelevant ones. Furthermore, to enhance the differential ability for lesions with the inter‐grade similarity and intra‐grade variation in bpMRI, the training process employs a specially designed curriculum based on the differences between the radiological evaluations and the ground truth GGs.

Results

Extensive experiments were conducted on a private dataset of 382 patients and the public PROSTATEx‐2 dataset. For the private dataset, the experimental results showed that the proposed network performed better than the plain baseline model for GG prediction, achieving a mean quadratic weighted Kappa (Kw) of 0.4902 and a mean positive predictive value of 0.9098 for predicting clinically significant cancer (PPVGG>1). With the application of curriculum learning, the mean Kw and PPVGG>1 further increased to 0.5144 and 0.9118, respectively. For the public dataset, the proposed method achieved state‐of‐the‐art results of 0.5413 Kw and 0.9747 PPVGG>1.

Conclusion

The proposed DAMS‐Net trained with curriculum learning can effectively predict GGs from bpMRI, which may assist clinicians in early diagnosis and treatment planning for PCa patients.
A comparative study on nanoparticle network‐dependent electrical conductivity, electromagnetic wave shielding effectiveness and rheological properties in multiwall carbon nanotubes filled polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Huang Ming‐Lu , Shi Yu‐Dong , Wang Ming
Published: November 2022

Herein, a comparative study for the effect of nanoparticle networks on rheological behavior, electrical conductivity, and electromagnetic wave (EMW) shielding effectiveness (SE) is carried in conductive polymer composites (CPC). Two different polymers, that is, poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and isotactic polypropylene (iPP), which have different dispersion of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), are used as polymer matrices. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) are employed to determine the dispersion of MWCNTs in different polymer matrices. A rotational rheometer and a vector network analyzer are used to evaluate the percolation thresholds of storage modulus, complex viscosity and EMW SE, respectively. The results indicate that the EMW SE percolation thresholds are much larger than the electrical and rheological percolation thresholds. Specifically, the percolation thresholds of storage modulus and complex viscosity are 0.39 and 0.33 vol% for the MWCNT/PCL samples, and 1.57 and 1.57 vol% for the MWCNT/iPP samples, respectively. The electrical and EMW SE percolation thresholds are 0.33 and 1.99 vol%, 1.24 and 5.41 vol% for the MWCNT/PCL and MWCNT/iPP nanocomposites, respectively. The electrical and rheological percolation may happen in the samples with a sparse MWCNT network, while EMW SE percolation may require a dense MWCNT network in the samples.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(benzoxazine‐co‐siloxane) oligomers end‐capped with arylacetylene
Authors: Liu Lele , Wang Fan , Wang Xiaohan , Zhu Yaping , Qi Huimin
Published: November 2022

Four poly(benzoxazine‐co‐siloxane) oligomers (PBcSs) were successfully synthesized by improving the synthesis step and controlling the ratio of phenol, bisphenol A, 1,3‐bis(3‐aminopropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane, m‐aminophenyl acetylene, and formaldehyde; the resulting compounds all exhibited good processing properties. Siloxane addition can significantly improve the toughness of the polybenzoxazines. Additionally, compared with the PBcSs containing only phenol structure, the introduction of bisphenol A has a decelerating effect on the polymerization process of the benzoxazine oligomer, which leads to an increase in the exothermic peak temperature. Simultaneously, the PBcS containing bisphenol A also exhibits a higher glass transition temperature and increased thermal stability, but reduced flexural strength. Conversely, compared to the benzoxazine oligomers that do not contain alkynyl groups, the introduction of the terminal alkynyl group can accelerate the polymerization process, decrease the exothermic peak temperature, significantly increase the glass transition temperature, and greatly improve the heat resistance; the 5% thermal decomposition temperature of cured product is increased by up to 101°C. Furthermore, under conditions that ensure high flexural strength, appropriate alkynyl content can also significantly increase the material's flexural modulus.
Quantifying inherent predictability and spatial synchrony in the aphid vector Myzus persicae: field‐scale patterns of abundance and regional forecasting error in the UK
Authors: Bell James R. , Clark Suzanne J. , Stevens Mark , Mead Andrew
Published: November 2022

Background

Sugar beet is threatened by virus yellows, a disease complex vectored by aphids that reduces sugar content. We present an analysis of Myzus persicae population dynamics with and without neonicotinoid seed treatment. We use 6 years' yellow water trap and field‐collected aphid data and two decades of 12.2 m suction‐trap aphid migration data. We investigate both spatial synchrony and forecasting error to understand the structure and spatial scale of field counts and why forecasting aphid migrants lacks accuracy. Our aim is to derive statistical parameters to inform regionwide pest management strategies.

Results

Spatial synchrony, indicating the coincident change in counts across the region over time, is rarely present and is best described as stochastic. Uniquely, early season field populations in 2019 did show spatial synchrony to 90 km compared to the overall average weekly correlation length of 23 km. However, 70% of the time series were spatially heterogenous, indicating patchy between‐field dynamics. Field counts lacked the same seasonal trend and did not peak in the same week. Forecasts tended to under‐predict mid‐season log10 counts. A strongly negative correlation between forecasting error and the proportion of zeros was shown.

Conclusion

Field populations are unpredictable and stochastic, regardless of neonicotinoid seed treatment. This outcome presents a problem for decision‐support that cannot usefully provide a single regionwide solution. Weighted permutation entropy inferred that M. persicae 12.2 m suction‐trap time series had moderate to low intrinsic predictability. Early warning using a migration model tended to predict counts at lower levels than observed. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.