bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estructura de capital óptima analizada mediante insolvencia empresarial
Authors: Haro Sarango Alexander Fernando , Pico Lescano Juan Carlos , Sánchez Caguana Darwin Fabricio , Ramírez Martínez Sandra Lorena , Ulloa Miranda Juan Carlos
Published: March 2023

El entorno es altamente fluctuante, por lo que es complicado predecir con exactitud qué sucederá en un futuro, por tanto, es prioridad de la empresa buscar determinados mecanismos que ayuden a aumentar su resiliencia y subsistencia, anualmente decenas de empresas cierran sus puertas debido a un conjunto de circunstancias que impiden que se puedan desarrollar con total normalidad. En consideración a la premisa mencionada, el estudio tiene como finalidad: determinar el rango adecuado de estructura de capital que presente un ínfimo nivel insolvencia empresarial. Para su resolución se usan los árboles de decisión o clasificación pertenecientes a la categoría minería de datos. Como resultado se obtiene que, en zona roja se encuentra entre (0,631 – 0,739) estructura de capital, zona gris (0,577-0,631), zona de alerta (<0,577), zona segura (0,232 – 0,489)
Estado emocional y desempeño laboral: un estudio asociativo multivariante en profesores universitarios en teletrabajo bajo Covid-19
Authors: Haro Sarango Alexander , Lara Haro Diego , Chiliquinga García Anderson , Moina Sánchez Paúl , Lapo Lapo Natali
Published: March 2023

Las emociones comprenden una desarrollada variedad, debido a eso, se convierte en una variable compleja de análisis, porque viene ligada a experiencias fisiológicas y subjetivas. Por lo argumentado, el estudio tiene como objetivo: observar sí la pandemia Covid-19 incidió en el estado emocional de los docentes y aquello se asocia con el desempeño laboral. Para su desarrollo se usa Alfa de Cronbach, Análisis de Componentes Principales y Análisis de Correspondencia Múltiple (ACM). Mediante el Análisis de Correspondencia Múltiple permite determinar que un bajo estado emocional no se vincula a una característica del ser, pero un elevado nivel de estado emocional se basa en la experiencia profesional como vivencial, por lo cual, el modelo ratifica que los docentes con posdoctorado y un rango etario de 41 en adelante tendrán una afinidad de estado emocional elevado. En términos de desempeño laboral, un elevado nivel de esta característica se asocia con el título de doctorado y, cuando el docente pertenece al área de ciencias pecuarias e informática y electrónica.
Habilidades blandas como alternativa de calidad en la educación superior
Authors: Ramírez Chávez Máximo Abel , Álvarez Molares Elsa
Published: March 2023

La educación superior tiene la responsabilidad de formar profesionales con conocimientos científicos para su desempeño en el medio laboral, lo que beneficia el desarrollo de un país. Sin embargo, la realidad que experimenta actualmente la sociedad requiere de profesionales que desarrollen habilidades para adaptarse a los cambios y resolver situaciones que puedan manifestarse en su entorno laboral y personal; de allí que, el presente artículo tiene por objeto establecer la importancia que tienen las habilidades blandas en la educación superior, para la realización personal y profesional del individuo, lo que se traduce en una educación de calidad. Para ello, se realizó una revisión documental de trabajos de investigación anteriores vinculados al tema, obteniendo como resultado que las habilidades blandas le permiten al individuo relacionarse de mejor forma con su entorno y desarrollar capacidad de liderazgo, comunicación, empatía y proactividad, cualidades que son demandas dentro de la masa laboral. En consecuencia, se propuso continuar con la investigación para sugerir a las universidades, las habilidades blandas como asignatura dentro de los programas curriculares, para el fortalecimiento de las mismas en los estudiantes de educación superior.
Navigating the Metaverse Business and Legal Challenges: Intellectual Property, Privacy, and Jurisdiction
Authors: KALYVAKİ Maria
Published: March 2023

The metaverse, a virtual space where users can interact, create, and transact with digital assets, represents a new frontier in human interaction and commerce. However, the legal landscape of the metaverse is complex and still developing, and it presents several challenges and considerations for intellectual property, privacy, and jurisdiction. This paper aims to provide an overview of the legal challenges associated with the metaverse and to identify potential solutions for addressing them. Applying legislation for intellectual property in the metaverse is a complex issue, as virtual worlds and online communities can involve collecting and sharing large amounts of personal data. A combination of technical, organizational, and legal measures may be necessary to protect intellectual property. Finally, it is still being determined who has jurisdiction in the metaverse, as virtual worlds and online communities can cross international boundaries and involve multiple legal systems. Jurisdiction in the metaverse can refer to the authority of a government or legal system to regulate and enforce laws in virtual environments. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for interdisciplinary approaches to understanding and addressing the legal challenges of the metaverse and the importance of creating specific laws, regulations, and policies that will balance the competing interests of different stakeholders.
Peran Keluarga dalam Pertumbuhan Gereja di Era Digital
Authors: Novianti Nunuk , Duha Sang Putra Immanuel
Published: March 2023

In the digital era like today, which is marked by the birth of various innovations and technologies, of course, it is very influential for the growth of a church and the role of a family.  The influence of the digital era also affects a family, especially Christian families. The researcher conducted an analysis with a literature review from relevant sources found in previous studies as well as literature, books and other reference sources in digital media. All of these sources are analyzed by looking at the relationship, relevance and suitability of the title of this research, namely the Role of the Family in the growth of the church in the digital era. The results obtained can then be used as a family concept so that it has a positive impact on church growth in the digital era.
What a lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus but higher incidence of dyslipidemia in smokers
Authors: Helvaci Mehmet Rami , Ozer Ali Rza , Ceylan Ayse , Zengin Merve , Abyad Abdulrazak , Pocock Lesley
Published: March 2023

Background: We tried to understand whether or not there is a relationship between smoking and diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: Current regular smokers for the last six months and age and sex-matched non-smokers were included. Patients with current alcohol consumption (one drink a day) and patients with malignancies or inflammatory, infectious, or devastating disorders were excluded. Results: The study included 247 smokers and 167 non-smokers. The mean age and body mass index (BMI) of smokers were 46.2 years and 26.6 kg/m2, respectively, and 70.0% of them were male. Although the mean weight, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and hematocrit values were similar in both groups, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and DM were lower in the smokers (102.3 versus 111.6 mg/dL, p=0.007 and 8.9% versus 14.3%, p<0.05, respectively). Similarly, high density lipoproteins (HDL) were lower in the smokers, again (40.9 versus 44.0 mg/dL, p<0.05). On the other hand, triglycerides (163.1 versus 151.3 mg/dL, p<0.05) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) (123.8 versus 117.5 mg/dL, p<0.05) were higher in the smokers. Parallel to triglycerides and LDL, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (10.6 versus 9.3 mm/h, p<0.05) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (2.3 versus 2.0 mg/L, p<0.05) were also higher in them. Conclusion: Smoking-induced low-grade inflammation on vascular endothelium in whole body may terminate with the endothelial dysfunction, accelerated atherosclerosis, end-organ insufficiencies, early aging, and premature death. FPG and HDL may be negative whereas triglycerides, LDL, ESR, and CRP positive acute phase reactants terminating with lower prevalence of DM but higher incidence of dyslipidemia in smokers. Key words: Smoking, fasting plasma glucose, diabetes mellitus, high density lipoproteins, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins, dyslipidemia
Die Selbsterhaltung der Vernunft
Authors: Klemme Heiner F.
Published: March 2023

How can we find our bearings in the world without losing ourselves, how can we preserve our rational abilities and capacities? Kant is the philosopher of pure reason and the categorical imperative. But his reflections on the self-preservation of reason also show him as a philosopher with a clear awareness of what matters in our lives: self-approval and self-reliance, self-thinking and criticism, enlightenment and humanity, justice and freedom, overcoming our self-inflicted dependency, and the exchange of arguments and perspectives. With its focus on the self-preservation of reason, the book offers a new approach to Kant's work and offers a contribution to the debate about the modernity of his thought.
Silver Nanoparticles in the Cultural Heritage Conservation
Authors: Ben Chobba Marwa , L. Weththimuni Maduka , Messaoud Mouna , Urzi Clara , Maalej Ramzi , Licchelli Maurizio
Published: March 2023

Our cultural heritage is our invaluable social and environmental resource and concern. Moreover, it is a key global economic driver. However, they are subjected to deterioration process and aging. Particularly, microorganisms are nowadays considered harmful agents of biodeterioration of artistic materials due to the fact that their interactions with the material cause not only an esthetical damage due to their visible growth on the surface, but they may affect the interested materials in different ways and at different degrees via mechanical and biochemical processes leading to the formation of pitting, scaling and, in the worst scenario, to the loss of material by its detachment. To protect our shared tangible cultural heritage from biodeterioration and preserve it for future generations, several methods have been developed. Notably, using nanomaterials, with antimicrobial features, has been considered an interesting and economical method to preserve valuable heritage materials. In this chapter, we will present an overview of the decay mechanisms that participate in the deterioration of tangible artworks, in particular microorganisms’ colonization. Next, current works that have been developed to use silver nanoparticles to protect heritage items from microbial colonization and prevent their deterioration have been detailed.
The Kongsi Covid: A Cultural and Religious Belief Approaches for Covid-19, Battling Stigma and Strengthening Family Resilience for Villagers in Padang, Indonesia
Authors: Machmud Rizanda , Fitry Yani Finny , Mulyani Hamid Feri , Lestari Yuniar , Medison Irvan , Taslim Emilzon , Jaka Budiman Bestari
Published: March 2023

Background: The stigma of Covid-19 is culturally rooted in health beliefs and practices in Padang-Indonesia. The aim of this intervention project is to develop cultural & religious belief approaches for Covid-19 battling stigma and strengthening family resilience for villagers. Intervention: The Kongsi Covid-19 is community-based preparedness and response strategy preventing the transmission of Covid-19. The sub-village RT/RW is subordinate to the village as a cluster that has supervision directed in the community and requires 10–14 volunteers. All activities are monitored, coordinated, and supervised by the village leader, sub-district, community health centers, and city health offices. Results and Impact: Padang had developed 1,252 Kongsi Coovid-19 covering 100% of sub-villages. More than 3000 people with positive confirmed cases with asymptomatic or mild symptoms, doing self-isolation under Kongsi COVID-19 local monitoring. The government of Padang was awarded the Best rating II due to its policy for preparing strategic planning which includes efforts to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic through the innovations of the Kongsi COVID-19. Conclusions: Kongsi Covid-19 strengthens existing partnerships to reach and engage with wider community networks. It has an active role to resolve the health issue of Covid-19 battling stigma and strengthening family resilience for villagers in Padang-Indonesia.
Inventoried Yeast Species in Algeria
Authors: Benkhalifa Abderrahmane
Published: March 2023

In Algeria, the study of yeasts remained marginalized for a long time. One of the supposed causes would be the reduction of examples in the school system. In medicine, species are identified because of their pathogenicity. But in food production and other fields, yeasts are mentioned as quantification in the quality-control process as well as molds. In addition to homemade breads, traditions of fermentation involving yeasts are the process of other local products, such as dairy products, vinegars, beverages, and authentic cheeses. Yeasts affect fruits and plants but also increase yields and protect species from other pathogenic microorganisms. Some conscious researchers have looked into the prospecting of yeast showing their properties and evaluating their interest, adopting biotechnology approaches, and covering several environments. 131 taxa are listed in this first compilation with 27 species in human health, 30 in animal health, 27 from dairy products, 24 taxa isolated from soils, 41 from agricultural products, and 17 concerned environmental purposes. Biotechnologies concern 44 taxa in varied topics of biomass, ethanol, vinegar, enzymes, and esters. Sixteen selected natural products inhibit 14 yeast species. Many isolated strains are promising in agriculture, agri-food, and biotechnologies and present new economic prospects. The idea of national depository is proposed.
Nature as a Teacher for Abiota Self-Organization in Terms of Entropy Analysis
Authors: Bararzadeh Ledari Masoumeh , Bararzadeh Ledari Reza
Published: March 2023

In this chapter, the various terms of entropy generation in terrestrial systems and the atmosphere are estimated by imitating the entropy analysis of a steam power generation (STPG). The highest entropy generation is associated with the outgoing longwave radiation flux (more than 20–200 times the downward solar radiation). The results indicate that the most significant terms of entropy generation (heat dissipation) in different processes are related to latent and sensible heat fluxes (similar to steam generation and flue gas of the STPG). The vegetation cover (boiler system) destroys a part of solar energy absorption in the form of entropy generated by the formation of water vapor and transpiration (steam turbine). Given that life is formed by the optimal balance between the system, the ecosystem, and the living and nonliving organisms, it is important to study the various entropy fluxes in ecosystems that can lead to ecosystem balance.
Agricultural Pectin Extraction in Iranian Experimental Settings
Authors: Vakili Roshanak
Published: March 2023

Pectins are belonged to one important group of polysaccharides extracted from the plant cell walls. Commercial pectins are widely used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries, mainly as texturizing, emulsifying, stabilizing, and gelling agents. Due to rich contents of partially esterified galacturonic acid (GalA) found in agri-food waste, the valorization of recovery process needs to be further developed with economic and environmental benefits. Accordingly, in order to maximize the utilization of these residues, some researchers attempted to extract multiple valuable products from plant waste like pectin from mango peel or simultaneously extracted pectin and polyphenols from pomegranate peels, because the simultaneous extraction seems more efficient due to decreased process time and cost. The characteristics and applications of pectins are strongly influenced by their structures depending on plant species, tissues, and extraction methods. This review aims to review the optimal extraction conditions using new promising methods in order to obtain pectin from Iran’s Agro waste and assess physicochemical parameters in recent Iranian experimental study designs, including microwave heating processes and ultrasonic treatment.
Epidemiology of Celiac Disease
Authors: Al Kindi Rahma , Al Salmani Asma , Al Hadhrami Rahma , Al Maashani Maryam
Published: March 2023

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the small bowel that is triggered by exposure to dietary gluten. In paediatric, CD commonly presents with intestinal manifestations, while in adults, many present with more subtle symptoms and extraintestinal manifestations, such as anaemia, fatigue, dermatitis, and headaches. The main scope of this chapter is to explore and present the prevalence of CD worldwide as well as trends in diagnosis over recent years. The prevalence of CD is approximately 0.5–1% in different regions of the world. However, exact prevalence rates may vary substantially in specific populations. Although CD was formerly believed to affect solely individuals of European ancestry, more recent studies indicate that the disease may have been either under-reported or undiagnosed in other populations. Moreover, it is possible that the increasing popularity of Western dietary practices may have an impact on the recent trend of increased rates of CD in non-Western populations. Certain population groups are also at high risk of developing CD, including first- or second-degree relatives of individuals with CD and those with diabetes or autoimmune disorders. Serological screening and HLA typing are therefore highly recommended for asymptomatic children in whom such risk factors are present.
Perspective Chapter: Examples of Knitted Money Pouches from Our Cultural Heritage
Authors: Kayadibi Pakize
Published: March 2023

Pouches are a vital heritage combined with tools such as needles, crochet hooks, needles, silk, wool, cotton thread, flannel, silk, embroidered fabric, and various beads, depending on the material used. Pouches, when in terms of colors, meanings of motifs, and composition, are also viewed as a means of communication through which the locals express their feelings about what they cannot say. Pouch examples can now be found in museums, dowry chests, and private collections because they are complex and laborious to make. The study intends to transfer to future generations the material cultural product pouches reflecting our cultural identity in the warehouse and display of the Bursa Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum, to be examined and documented, introduced, and ensure their continuity with new designs. The study’s data collection tools included a literature review, museum inventory information, and photographic documentation techniques. Knitted pouches with animal motifs were identified and documented by using technical drawings. The examination reveals that mostly bird motifs use, and animal motifs such as rooster, deer, goat, and butterfly attempt to depict as they were in nature. Furthermore, the significance of pouches as a cultural heritage item emphasizes.
Effect of Fallowing on the Viability of Salmonella spp. in Poultry Facilities
Authors: Eustáquio Lemos da Silva Sérgio , Lopes Ferreira Nayane , Silva Miranda Vanessa , Simão da Silva Vitor , Vieira Chaves Gabriel Renata , Ribeiro Roldão Daniela , Espíndola da Silva Vagno , Peraphan Lucas
Published: March 2023

Avian Typhoid, worldwide spread, is one of the principal diseases that devastate industrial poultry, causing serious economic losses to the poultry sector. The present study investigated the effectiveness of the fallowing technique, applied for a 149 days period, to a commercial poultry farm with a history of Salmonella Gallinarum isolation. Phenotypic detection of the pathogen in specific cultures was carried out from drag swabs collected from poultry facilities and equipment after the fallowing. An epidemiological inquiry was also carried out to verify the conditions of applied fallowing and to subsidize the laboratory tests. The bacteriological findings suggested that the fallowing technique in the period considered was not effective, for Salmonella spp. was isolated in 65% of the environmental samples. It was possible to infer that the sanitary-hygienic measures adopted in the fallow period were not effective, which requires new disinfection procedures and new bacteriological monitoring, besides an even longer fallow period. It was further concluded that the epidemiological inquiry is a valuable tool that ought to be adopted to investigate the relations between the epidemiological triad formed by Salmonella, the host, and the environment, while also being useful to support complementary exams, such as isolation in bacterial cultures.
A Review of the Essential Visual Skills Required for Field Hockey: Beyond 20-20 Optometry
Authors: Sneyimani Thabile , Mathenjwa Musa Lewis , Millard Lourens , Jan Breukelman Gerrit
Published: March 2023

Context: Field hockey is a very technical and tactical sport, requiring immense levels of visual concentration on moving and stationary targets, which can improve visual and team performance. However, in literature, this area of specialty remains underutilized, with most studies seeking to improve physical and physiological performance. Essential visual skills cannot only be attributed to field hockey but to other ball-playing sports and activities of daily living, which allow humans to coexist. The essential visual skills reduce the propensity of making poor decisions, ill preparations, and the exclusion of potent and capable players. Objectives: This review novelly aims to not only compile a comprehensive list of essential visual skills for field hockey players but also to create a starting point for future studies to add to this list, to aid in player talent identification, and eventually create sport-specific visual exercise programs and testing batteries. Discussion: The skills identified in this review preface a platform for human performance professionals to include in their training regimens, with an intent to maximize performance and talent identification and to aid in the formulation of visuospatial test batteries. Even though this list is comprehensive, this is only a starting point for future research to find more visual skills that are essential to field hockey, as well as provide the opportunity to develop the performance of the visual skills of these athletes in ways that have not been done before.
Valor de las presiones bucales estáticas máximas inspiratorias y espiratorias en adultos jóvenes sanos latinoamericanos
Authors: Bustos Nadia Stefania , Diaz Ballve Ladislao , Gallegos Rocío Belén , Pannunzio Natalia Soledad , Dias de Carvalho Tatiana
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: Evaluar los valores de las presiones bucales estáticas máximas inspiratorias y espiratorias en adultos jóvenes sanos latinoamericanos, así como los instrumentos y las características técnicas para su medición. 

Materiales y método: Se incluyeron estudios observacionales que reportaron los valores de las mediciones de presiones bucales estáticas máximas inspiratorias y/o espiratorias (Pimax y/o Pemax) en jóvenes, adultos jóvenes, adultos y estudiantes latinoamericanos. Se desestimaron los artículos que no lograron recuperarse para la lectura completa, publicados por tiempo superior a diez años y en idiomas distintos al inglés, español o portugués. La búsqueda fue realizada en las bases de datos Medline/Pubmed, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y SciELO. El análisis del riesgo de sesgo se realizó a través de la escala de Newcastle Ottawa. Se realizó una síntesis cualitativa de los resultados. Registro OSF: https://osf.io/32jqp/

Resultados: Se incluyeron 9 artículos observacionales. El rango etario de los sujetos fue de entre 15 y 35 años. Los valores medios de Pimax y/o Pemax fueron mayores en el sexo masculino. Las mediciones fueron realizadas con manovacuómetros digitales y aneroides, y los tipos de boquilla fueron rígidos y de tipo buceo, en posición supina, sentada o semisentada.

Conclusión: La mayoría de los estudios sobre presiones bucales estáticas máximas de jóvenes adultos latinoamericanos sanos fueron realizados en sujetos de entre 15 a 35 años. Se observaron valores mayores de presión respiratoria estática máxima en el sexo masculino, y las mediciones fueron realizadas en posición sentada, mediante el uso de manovacuómetro analógico. Estudios futuros son necesarios a fin de ayudar a la implementación de estos hallazgos para una práctica real basada en la evidencia.
Estrategias de prevención de lesiones en corredores de diferentes niveles y distancias
Authors: Sampietro Matías , Asinari Javier , Gays Cristian , Thomas Andres
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de diferentes tipos de entrenamiento para la prevención de lesiones en corredores de diferentes niveles.

Materiales y método: Revisión sistemática sin metaanálisis. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica limitadaa ensayos clínicos, estudios controlados no aleatorizados y estudios controlados aleatorizados realizados encorredores de todos los niveles y publicados entre enero de 2002 y enero 2022. Se analizaron los efectos de laaplicación de entrenamiento para la prevención de lesiones, en comparación con el entrenamiento normal o la no intervención, y su efectividad en la incidencia de lesiones en esta población.

Resultados: Se incluyeron 10 artículos (N=7960 corredores) para la lectura completa y el análisis de datos. Múltiples intervenciones fueron aplicadas para la prevención de lesiones en corredores, con hallazgos contrapuestos en cuanto a la efectividad en la disminución de lesiones relacionadas con la carrera (en total, 3134). Los métodos más efectivos fueron los programas dirigidos y monitoreados por profesionales, enfocados en el fortalecimiento de los músculos del pie; los programas multicomponente y el entrenamiento funcional con reeducación neuromuscular del valgo dinámico de rodilla y reentrenamiento de la carrera. Los programas que no demostraron un impacto significativo en la reducción de lesiones relacionadas con la carrera fueron los programas en línea y autorregulados por el corredor.

Conclusión: No puede establecerse con evidencia sólida que una estrategia sea significativamente más efectiva, en comparación con otras estrategias, para la disminución de la incidencia de lesiones en  corredores. Existe una inferencia posible relacionada a la efectividad de programas individualizados y programas multicomponente que están enfocados en lo neuromuscular y la corrección de la carrera y monitoreados regularmente por profesionales; sin embargo, la cantidad de trabajos de buena calidad es limitada para establecer conclusiones confiables. Se necesitan más estudios en este campo.
COVID’19 vs. Resentments. At the Source of Corona-Scepticism Movements in Poland
Authors: Lisowska Alicja , Cichosz Marzena
Published: March 2023

Among the social and political outcomes of the pandemic in Poland, one should list the development of anti-COVID social movements. Their specific character, as compared to other social movements, is the subject of exploration in this paper. The basic objective of the paper is thus to analyse the motivations of members and supporters of the so-called corona-sceptic movement at the early stage of its presence in the Polish political arena. Key questions the authors sought to answer concern individuals’ assessment of their situation associated with the pandemic and their attitude to public institutions managing the crisis on behalf of the government. The paper is based on the results of a quantitative research carried out in December 2020.
Reproductive microbiome alterations: canine pyometra
Authors: Kutzler Michelle
Published: March 2023

Pyometra is a life-threatening uterine infection that affects 20 - 25% of reproductively intact bitches. Canine pyometra is characterized by accumulation of leukocytes and exudate within the uterine lumen. Although exact temporal and progressive mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis are not fully understood, a combination of endocrine, structural, inflammatory and bacterial factors are likely involved in most cases. Pyometra develops during luteal phase; progesterone has a key role in establishment of infection with opportunistic bacteria. Cystic endometrial hyperplasia results from proliferation of endometrial glands and is a predisposing factor for development of pyometra. Endometrial proliferation factors exacerbate uterine innate immune responses. Whereas Escherichia coli is the most common organism isolated in up to 90% of cases with a positive culture, genes encoding for adhesins, toxins, and other factors increase virulence of certain strains. A presumptive diagnosis of pyometra is based on clinical signs and laboratory tests, with a confirmatory diagnosis based on B-mode ultrasonography, with or without Doppler ultrasonography, detecting an enlarged, fluid-filled uterus with increased blood flow. Broad-spectrum antibiotics with minimal nephrotoxicity are needed to prevent septicemia, but antibiotics alone will not resolve pyometra. Safest and most effective treatment is surgical removal of infected uterus and ovaries. Medical management of pyometra may be indicated to improve general status of the bitch prior to surgery or treatment in valuable breeding bitches. Protocols using prostaglandin F2α or aglepristone are discussed in detail.
Duration of pregnancy is shorter in Cavalier King Charles spaniels
Authors: Baltutis Kristina , Settle Katherine , Beachler Theresa , Lyle Sara , Bailey Scott
Published: March 2023

Duration of pregnancy was evaluated in 17 Cavalier King Charles spaniel bitches, based on timing of LH surge (progesterone concentrations between 2.0 and 3.0 ng/ml, with continued rise in subsequent 48 hours) and compared to 17 bitches of other breeds. Duration of pregnancy was shorter (p < 0.05) in Cavalier King Charles spaniel bitches compared to others (mean ± SD, 62.8 ± 2.0 days [range; 60 - 66 days] versus 64.5 ± 1.4 days [range; 62 - 68 days]). This observation has clinical implications for pregnancy management of this breed, including recommendations for scheduling a timed caesarean section and approaches to managing late-term complications.
The Relationship Between Work Stress and Locomotive Maintenance Officer Performance
Authors: Setyo Darmawan Endras , Churniawan Erifendi , Ayudha Arkadanita Denta
Published: March 2023

Limited human resources and time demands can increase workload resulting in faster work stress. If handled over time, it will have an impact on the performance of officers and can also increase work stress. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between work stress and the performance of locomotive maintenance workers at the Purwokerto Locomotive Depot. This study uses a type of quantitative research. Data collection methods used in this research are primary and secondary data sources. The data analysis technique used is the instrument test, Spearman rank correlation and Spearman rank hypothesis test. Calculate the rho count on the work stress variable with a performance showing a value of 0.479, while for the comparison results, the value of the rho table shows several 0.439. In the hypothesis decision-making criteria that rho count > rho table 0.479 > 0.439, there is a relationship between work stress and employee performance which can also be seen from sig. (2-tailed) of 0.028. Based on retrieval, if the sig. (2-tailed) 0.028 <0.05 means that there is a significant relationship between work stress and performance variables. Spearman's rank hypothesis test found a relationship with a correlation value of -0.479, meaning that the relationship is vital in the moderate category. The direction of the relationship from this study is harmful or not unidirectional. And the rho count is greater than the rho table, which is 0.479, which is greater than 0.439, so the hypothesis shows a relationship between work stress and employee performance.
Material Culture and Changing Identities
Authors: Hardy Ann , Zalipour Arezou ,   Academic Publishing
Published: March 2023

This article surveys intersections between art, religion, and society in three periods of the history of Aotearoa New Zealand: 1) Polynesian settlement, 2) British colonization and 3) a contemporary multicultural society built on a bicultural base. Using a material culture framework which traces changes in the uses and significance of artistic objects as they pass through the hands of members of various religious and secular communities, it illustrates, through a variety of examples from the fields of popular art, fine arts and architecture, that art has, and can, play a large part in negotiations between religious traditions, particularly when they encounter one another in conflict, reconciliation and hybridization.
A Child with Cancer
Authors: Humphreys Carolyn ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: March 2023

The following story is an excerpt from a forthcoming book on coping with chronic illness. It discusses focusing on the personhood of an individual rather than their illness, particularly in the case of children with cancer. The forthcoming book will be published by the National Catholic Bioethics Center and give a number of perspectives on the difficulties and spiritual benefits of overcoming chronic disease.
Science as an Object of Faith and Distrust: The Phenomenon of Denialism
Authors: Tukhvatulina Liana A. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2023

The author analyzes the phenomenon of denialism (denial of scientific consensus out of the normative boundaries of scientific discussion). The intellectual origins (including connection with P. Feyerabend’s post-positivism), sociocultural characteristics and political aspects of this phenomenon are discussed. The author defends the thesis that denialism is associated with scientism – non-reflexive trust in science, which is used for unscrupulous manipulations for the purpose of political influence. As an example, she considers the South African expert case related to HIV denial in the early 2000s. The author believes that denialism needs a comprehensive analysis that takes into account the interdependence of its intellectual and socio-political foundations.
Modal Theory of Constitution and the Ontology of Persons
Authors: Faul Bogdan V. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2023

Modal constitution theory is one of the most influential solutions to the paradoxes of coincidence, and the problem of personal identity. It rests on three fundamental premises: common-sense objects exist; sometimes objects coincide in space; the coincidence of objects in space requires explanation. In this article, the author offers a critique of the modal theory of constitution. First, the definition of the constitution is examined and a new argument is offered that modal theory either does not provide asymmetry of the constitution or leads to an infinite series of constitutive objects, unsatisfactorily extending ontology. Also, the author demonstrates that possible additions to the constitutive definition, which can make the definition sufficient for asymmetric relation, lead to additional theoretical difficulties, leading to the logical impossibility of constitution relation. Second, the author demonstrates that the theory of constitution offers an unsatisfactory theory of identity because it faces three problems: the overpopulation problem, the epistemic problem, and the personal problem. All of these considerations lead the author to conclude that modal constitution theory is not metaphysically satisfactory.
Argumentation from a Cognitive Perspective
Authors: Zaitseva Natalia V. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2023

This paper was motivated by reflections on what makes our argument convincing and persuasive. The substantive answer in my view suggests the examination of the cognitive grounds of argumentation. In the introductory section, I consider various approaches to identifying the cognitive component in argumentation. That way, I briefly observe recent relevant publications, which I classify into two groups: those directly addressing cognitive grounds of argumentation; and papers on formal models of argumentation that take cognitive nature of persuasion as a premise. In the second section, I argue for phenomenologicaly inspired approach to cognitive activity as one which provides an adequate cognitive interpretation of the latter. In so doing, I touch upon key some phenomenological concepts and focuses on an analogizing apperception (appresentation). The third section accumulates all the above. I proceed from the interpretation of the argumentation as discursive activity aimed at a deliberate change in an opposite party’s position, which may not be explicitly presented in the course of arguing. It makes us turn to cognitive procedure of appresentation as it was presented by Husserl for an adequate interpretation of transfer and grasping of argumentative message’s meaning.
Structures, Objects, and Reality. Part 2
Authors: Terekhovich Vladislav E. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2023

This paper continues the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of ontic structural realism, which begun in the first part of the paper. Non-eliminative versions of this approach are considered, which try to find a compromise between the ontology of structures and the ontology of objects. It is shown that the semirealism of A. Chakravartti and the constructive structural realism of T. Cao have a number of limitations caused by the authors’ desire to strictly distinguish between the nature of the existence of objects and structures. Then the version of the relationship between structures and entities is presented. Firstly, two concepts are divided according to their content: “object” and “entity”. Second, to solve the problem of causality, I suggest that the nature of entities and structures lie in their ability to act. It is this ability that I propose to use instead of the popular concepts of “causal powers”, “causal properties” or “dispositions”. Third, instead of a rigid alternative to ontological primitives – either essence, or causal relations, or structures – the concept of ontological pluralism and inherited existence is proposed. There each entity is represented as a derivative of another structure and, in turn, creates other entities and structures. Thus, both structures and entities at each level of the complexity hierarchy partially inherit the ability to act and a certain degree of existence from the structures and entities of the previous levels. Finally, I am trying to clarify the modal aspects of the ontic structural realism. Following the popular interpretations of quantum theory, the ability to act, and hence the existence of structures and entities, are considered separately in two worlds – potential and actual ones. The potential world is associated with a set of possible objects and structures of quantum theory, and the actual world is associated with a set of real (observable) objects and structures of classical physical theories. The transition from the potential to the actual world is proposed to be considered as a primitive metaphysical event. The proposed concept partially overcomes the objections to ontic structural realism, thereby strengthening its position in the discussion about the reality of quantum objects.
Could Galileo Discover the Law of Universal Gravitation in 1611, Was There Newton’s Apple and What Is “Modern Physics”?.
Authors: Gorelik Gennady ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2023

The central problem of the article is the paradox in the history of Newton’s mechanics: prominent researchers of the genesis of the Principia did not believe Newton’s words about the origin of the idea of universal gravity. They did not believe that he could have come up with this idea as early as 1666, considering circular orbits, and believed that Newton invented the story of the falling apple. The article proposes a “subjunctive” scenario leading to the law of universal gravity and feasible at the level of Galileo’s knowledge and skills in 1611. The basis for such a scenario is the description of a thought experiment in Newton’s manuscript “The System of the World”, preceding the creation of Principia. The proposed reconstruction helps to consider and clarify the concept of “modern physics”, the birth of which was the main event of the Scientific Revolution of the XVI–XVII centuries. The traditional understanding reduces the essence of modern physics to a reliance on experience and on the language of mathematics. Such a definition, however, is not sufficient. The geometry of Euclid and the physics of Archimedes were mathematically perfect, and their axioms were based on objective experience. Despite the importance of the tools of mathematics and experiment, the key innovation of modern physics has become the belief in the hidden fundamental laws of the Universe and in the right of the researcher to invent invisible, “illogical”, “absurd” concepts and postulates, experimentally verifiable only together with the theory based on them. This postulate of fundamental cognitive optimism combines bold ingenuity with a humble need for empirical verification.
Russian Aristocracy and Private Forms of Scientific Organization: The Case of Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich
Authors: Vinarski Maxim V. , Yusupova Tatiana I. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2023

The structure of Russian science of the XIX century was dominated by state forms of its organization. At the same time, there were also a few private (non-governmental) forms of research communities. One of the little-studied phenomena of scientific privacy is the so-called “kruzhok” (a little circle in Russian). The article examines the history of the formation and activity of one of such “kruzhoks”, formed in the 1880s–1890s around Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich, who was seriously engaged in research in the field of lepidopterology (the branch of entomology studying butterflies, Lepidoptera). The role and significance of this “kruzhok” for the development of descriptive entomology in the situation of its weak institutionalization in Russia at the end of the XIX century are briefly considered, the course of scientific research of the Grand Duke and his entourage and the reasons for the termination of their activity are discussed. The history of this informal association is interpreted by us as a manifestation of the purposeful life-making of the Grand Duke, who thus tried to professionalize his hobby and enter the scientific community of entomologists on an equal footing, without breaking with his social environment and without going beyond the behavioral norms established by society for persons of his status. It is shown that the Nikolai Mikhailovich’s “kruzhok” became not only an instrument of his life-making, but also an influential center of Russian lepidopterology, the development of which was thereby given a powerful impetus.
Rational Foundations of Creative Consciousness in Science
Authors: Astashova Nadezhda D. , Maslanov Evgeny V. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2023

This is a reply to the article by A.M. Dorozhkin, S.V. Shibarshina “Epistemological Randomization, or On Creativity in Science”. The comprehension of the general philosophical problems of scientific rationality is inextricably linked with the creative development of the world. An actual philosophical position can be formed on the basis of the intersection of several alternative approaches. The first is connected with the understanding of rationality as a special style of thinking of the epoch, in which the coordinate system of the worldview is set. Such rationality sets general ideas about the cognizability of the world, and forms methodological and theoretical scientific strategies. Rationality outlines the boundaries of a scientist’s creative thought. Addressing the problem of the rationality of scientific creativity involves the use of a second approach, on the basis of which we can talk about the use of a variety of logics in describing the world. At the same time, confidence in their connection with reality allows us to hope for the formation of a holistic description of the problem in the future. In this case, we are dealing with an act of cognitive activity, as a result of which our consciousness throws a rational construct as a network on a situation of uncertainty, explaining and mastering it – the picture of the world is ordered. According to the third position, the evaluation of scientific results is flexible, plastic in nature: what is perceived as methodologically erroneous today may turn out to be a scientific discovery tomorrow. Thus, it can be stated that the creative thinking of the researcher is inscribed in certain cultural conditions of understanding reality, and this situation has a rationally given meaning. At the same time, the human mind always strives beyond the limits of the definable and categorically set, with the help of rationality, progressively groping the boundaries of the unknown and going beyond the limits of the possible.
Счастливая (не)случайность: серендипность как фактор решения научных проблем
Authors: Фейгельман А.М. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2023

The article considers the concept of serendipity (the ability to make unexpected discoveries) in comparison with the concept of “epistemological randomization” introduced by A.M. Dorozhkin and S.V. Shibarshina. The genesis and content of the concept of “serendipity” in the interpretation of American sociologists R. Merton and E. Barber are revealed. The division of serendipity into three types is considered depending on the source and result of an unexpected scientific discovery. The first type of serendipity refers to a situation of random observation, when neither the observation itself nor the conclusions drawn from it are part of the research already being carried out. The second type of serendipity is associated with the process of finding a solution to one problem, which suddenly leads to a solution to another. A third type of serendipity can arise when investigating a familiar problem, when the solution comes from an unexpected source. It is concluded that epistemological randomization, which is introduced into an existing study, is similar to the second and third types of serendipity, where the randomness factor is limited. In conclusion, it is emphasized that, in contrast to the principle of epistemological randomization, serendipity is an emergent phenomenon and cannot be caused consciously. Serendipity is manifested where an unexpected phenomenon meets a special type of subject who is able to notice and fruitfully interpret an unusual phenomenon.