bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imaginary Mars
Authors: Weintraub David A.
Published: September 2021

This chapter cites astronomers that began imagining a Mars that was in every way like Earth and began terraforming Mars in their minds in the 1830s. It explores the act of terraforming Mars that would change its physical environment as it would become an Earth-like world where humans could live, with a temperate climate, running water, and a breathable atmosphere. It also talks about Earthbound astronomers in the nineteenth century that could not actually terraform Mars but could reshape their collective understanding of Mars and change it from a hostile world into one where humans, butterflies, and ferns could all live. The chapter emphasizes how imagination combined with herd instinct could become powerful tools for self-deception. It mentions Wolff Beer and Johann Heinrich von Mädler, who carried out the pioneering work of terraforming Mars and carried out a program of repeated observations of Mars from 1831 through 1839.
Red Vegetation and Reasoning Beings
Authors: Weintraub David A.
Published: September 2021

This chapter discusses the overwhelming consensus that had developed among the Martian cognoscenti by 1870, proving that Mars has water. It refers to astronomers in the late-nineteenth century that felt quite certain they had proven that Mars has considerable amounts of water in its atmosphere, which had been confirmed by spectroscopy. It also analyzes how astronomers were certain about two important facts pertaining to Mars: it has water, and it has vegetation. The chapter cites that the English magazine Cornhill published an anonymously authored piece entitled “Life in Mars” in 1871, which described Mars as a charming planet that is well fitted to be the abode of life. It talks about author of the Cornhill article who communicated the ideas of astronomy to lay readers with enthusiasm and turned William Huggins into something of a folk hero.
Water on Mars: The Real Deal
Authors: Weintraub David A.
Published: September 2021

This chapter talks about the astronomers that have solved some of the riddles of how much water Mars had and still has, a century and a half after William Huggins first proved that Mars had water. It highlights that Mars' water was no longer in the liquid state on the surface as the planet had become much dryer after billions of years. It also examines significant evidence that strongly suggests that Mars experienced a more recent epoch when water carved valleys and was formed from melting snow and ice that flowed slowly into and out of chains of lakes. The chapter describes one of Mars' lakes that appears to have been widespread both north and south of the Martian equator, containing more water than Lake Ontario. It discusses Mars' layered ice deposits at the north and south polar caps, in which a thin layer is deposited each Martian winter and then sublimates in Martian spring.
Chlorophyll, Lichens, and Algae
Authors: Weintraub David A.
Published: September 2021

This chapter talks about Russian astronomer Gavriil Adrianovich Tikhov, who tried to prove that vegetation existed on Mars by looking for evidence of chlorophyll in the colors of Martian light. It details Tikhov's searches for chlorophyll that began as early as 1909. It also talks about Tikhov's use of homemade colored filters to find out if Mars has green surface patches just like how light is reflected from chlorophyll-containing vegetation on Earth. The chapter explains that chlorophyll molecules power photosynthesis by absorbing sunlight and transferring that solar energy to an electron that starts the process of converting water and carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen. It discusses Tikhov's failure to find any evidence for green reflected light in his earliest observations for chlorophyll on Mars.
Vikings on the Plains of Chryse and Utopia
Authors: Weintraub David A.
Published: September 2021

This chapter refers to Viking 1, which landed on the Plains of Gold, Chryse Planitia, on Mars on July 20, 1976, followed by Viking 2, which touched down on Utopia Planitia, six weeks later. It details the landing of the two Vikings in two different locations, which allowed human-directed science experiments to take place for the first time on the surface of Mars. It also mentions the planetary scientists who discovered that the Martian atmosphere was thin and mostly made of carbon dioxide. The chapter describes the Mariner-imaging surveys of the surface of Mars, which shows the planet covered with cratered plains, a small number of enormous volcanoes, and a significant number of narrow features that looked like ancient, dried-out riverbeds and lengthy outwash channels. It confirms whether the atmosphere of Mars contains any nitrogen, as the gas is critical to life on Earth.
Methane and Mars
Authors: Weintraub David A.
Published: September 2021

This chapter talks about the astronomers who have been searching for evidence of methane in the atmosphere of Mars for half a century and trying to address the question of why it is there. It clarifies that methane is a simple molecule that packs a very powerful astrobiological punch and is impossible to exist in the oxygen-rich, hydrogen-poor Martian environment without it being actively created by living things. It also points out how the discovery of methane in the atmosphere of Mars could be unequivocal proof that life exists or existed on Mars. The chapter explains that methane is a colorless, odorless gas that is the simplest possible molecule composed of both and only hydrogen and carbon atoms. It emphasizes that methane in the Martian atmosphere simply cannot survive for long and it could have been converted to carbon dioxide and water.
Here Today, Gone Tomorrow
Authors: Weintraub David A.
Published: September 2021

This chapter talks about Mike Mumma and his team, which chronologically is the first group to publicly stake a claim to having discovered methane in the atmosphere of Mars in 2003. It explores the May 2003 abstract that served as a placeholder for a presentation Mumma would give at an American Astronomical Society Division of Planetary Sciences meeting. It also cites Mumma's report on his team's attempt to detect methane on Mars using three different telescopes: NASA's 3-meter Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF), the 8-meter Gemini South telescope in Chile, and the 10-meter Keck-2 telescope. The chapter provides the details of Mumma's measurements that show that the level of methane in the Martian atmosphere was about 10 parts per billion, averaged across the full atmosphere of Mars. It points out how all the early 2004 announcements about methane on Mars received immediate attention in the popular press.
Living beyond Our Psychological Means
Authors: Tamir Yael
Published: September 2021

This chapter examines the bottom-up justification for the formation of the modern nation-state. It suggests that borderless states are dystopian, noting that in order to be democratic and promote justice, states must depend on a clear definition of territory and membership. The chapter elaborates how the borders and demarcation helped individuals define their identity, providing them with interpretive tools to decipher reality and make sense of their daily actions. It then explains the term human, human features, and identity. The chapter also explicates the need to belong to a cultural community, a nation, or any other particular group. It argues that it is an epistemological need for systems of interpretation that will allow us to understand the world and choose a way of life as well as a creative need for means of interpretation, exchange, and expression. Ultimately, the chapter assesses the negative effect of divided communities on human behavior.
The Nationalism of the Vulnerable
Authors: Tamir Yael
Published: September 2021

This chapter queries why would the vulnerable adopt nationalism as their preferred strategy. It provides a detailed discussion about the economic crisis and crisis of identity. The chapter argues that the roots of this state of affairs are to be found somewhere at the very end of the last century — a growing sense of self-satisfaction led liberal democratic nation-states to passivity. The chapter also elaborates the significant change that happened in schools and academic institutions which were no longer called on to make and remake the national narrative but rather to be critical, open-minded, and pluralistic. It then shifts to review how the vulnerable found themselves at the bottom of the social heap after having lost their protected social status. It illustrates how the poor all over the world are stereotyped in similar ways. The chapter discusses the implications of the elimination of class from the social and the political discourse. It then examines the strong affinity between class and national choices.
Enter the Army
Authors: Guoqiang Dong , Walder Andrew G.
Published: September 2021

This chapter examines how, when the People's Armed Department (PAD) took control of Feng County, factional rivalries in the county were still ill defined, and rebels competed to be the loudest and most militant in denouncing the party secretary and other top county leaders. After the PAD deposed the county's civilian leaders, local rebels began to align themselves for and against the PAD, sharpening the tensions between Paolian and the PAD. The intervention of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) troops dispatched from Xuzhou sharpened and broadened the emerging factional divisions, making them even more difficult to resolve. The PLA's growing support for Paolian and formation of a “great alliance committee” brought two rebel groups of junior county cadres into an alliance while excluding the vociferously anti-Paolian cadre rebels. This drove a wedge between the two groups of county-level cadres, one that deepened when Paolian later merged with supportive cadre rebels in a large new rebel alliance under PLA protection. Senior county officials also split, with most of them forming an affiliation with either Paolian or Liansi. Whatever the personal motives for their choice of factions, it clearly had the effect of offering protection from attacks by the other mass factions. Cadres in rural communes, however, almost uniformly stood on the side of Liansi.
Beijing Intervenes
Authors: Guoqiang Dong , Walder Andrew G.
Published: September 2021

This chapter assesses how, by the late spring of 1968, the Xuhai region stood out as particularly problematic. Uncontrolled factional warfare continued despite redoubled efforts by the Xuzhou military authorities to reconcile the warring parties. Eventually, the Xuhai problem came to the attention of central authorities, who were engaged in a concerted effort to re-establish some form of stable political order by the end of the year. They would directly intervene in the region in late May of 1968, ordering all of the principals involved to attend a Xuhai Study Class (Xuhai xuexi ban) in Beijing. The top faction leaders and military officers from the People's Liberation Army (PLA) and People's Armed Department (PAD) in Xuzhou, Lianyungang, and the eight counties in Xuzhou Prefecture were summoned to the capital. However, the Beijing authorities proved especially uninterested in delving into the complicated cross-accusations of the two sides in an insignificant place like Feng County. The strategies of the two sides suggested from the outset that the Xuhai Study Class would be unlikely to resolve anything and might even have the adverse effect of stimulating a new round of factional violence. This is in fact what happened, remarkably, after a year of fruitless negotiations in the nation's capital.
Backlash
Authors: Guoqiang Dong , Walder Andrew G.
Published: September 2021

This chapter studies Zhang Liansheng's petition, which laid out Paolian's complaints about its persecution at the hands of the People's Armed Department (PAD). Zhang coordinated with the other petitioners from Feng County, several of whom were from rural communes, to collect information about the crackdowns and the violations of central policy in the recent campaigns. As these events were taking place, shifts in Jiangsu's political situation created more favorable circumstances for the petitioners' cause, while threatening to weaken Shao Wen's position back in the county. The shift in Jiangsu's political tides, which favored the petitioners' cause and ultimately the Paolian faction, had the seemingly paradoxical effect of sharpening local conflicts and reviving the factional animosities between Liansi and Paolian. From early June through October of 1974, the conflicts became sharper, and the two sides organized.
The Final Struggle
Authors: Guoqiang Dong , Walder Andrew G.
Published: September 2021

This chapter illustrates how the local standoff was broken in the last three months of 1974. At a central party work conference in mid-October, Wang Hongwen and Zhang Chunqiao, ranking central leaders associated with the radical group that had supported Mao Zedong in launching the Cultural Revolution, harshly criticized the crackdown against May 16 elements in Jiangsu Province. This was part of their drive to push military officers out of revolutionary committees in the wake of Lin Biao's purge. It was also due to their perception that the crackdowns were part of a military effort to persecute genuine rebel groups who had spearheaded the mass movements that they had sponsored back in 1967. The veteran cadres who now headed Jiangsu immediately relayed these instructions to party committees across the province, because it helped them push out lingering army control over civilian administration. In December of 1974, Shao Wen was transferred far away from Feng County. However, the new county leaders seemed indifferent to Paolian's grievances against Liansi. This is the primary reason why, after these leaders were later attacked by Liansi at the end of 1975 and early 1976, Paolian did not actively defend them. The chapter then looks at the death of Mao and considers the final major campaign to rid leading bodies across China of individuals who had risen into positions as a result of their earlier factional activity.
Listening Skills: Important but Difficult to Learn
Authors: Alzamil Jwahir
Published: September 2021

This study of 87 Saudi female university students aimed to discover whether they experience difficulties learning to listen to spoken English. Acknowledging that listening is an important part not just of learning a new language but also of day-to-day communication, data was collected using an online questionnaire. Participants were asked to respond to a series of statements designed to test four constructs relating to their attitudes to learning English language skills in general (a); learning listening skills specifically (b); their attitudes towards listening activities (c); and (d) their attitudes towards improving their listening skills. The results showed that most of participants felt that speaking and listening were the most important skills to learn, but listening was also the most challenging. Reading was felt to be the most effortless skill to learn, as well as the most commonly used, suggesting that frequency of use contributes to students’ perceptions of the ease of learning a skill. Participants’ difficulties with learning to listen to English were associated with speech rate, pronunciation, nervousness, limited vocabulary, and lack of background information. However, students also expressed positive attitudes towards improving their listening skills. Understanding students’ attitudes to listening skills and their problems with listening may help teachers improve the way they teach these skills. This may in turn improve students’ listening comprehension not only in universities but also in schools.
ANTIPLATELET AGENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND SECONDARY PREVENTION OF PEDIATRIC ARTERIAL ISCHEMIC STROKE: THE STATE OF THE PROBLEM
Authors:   Russian Medical Academy for Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia, Komarova I.B.
Published: September 2021

Arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in children is a potentially disabling disease with cumulative rates of relapse in the first year of 12–16%, necessitating secondary prevention of the disease. Both in adults and in pediatric clinical practice, acetylsalicylic acid is most commonly used, much less often – clopidogrel. However, the validity of the use of antiplatelet agents in children with ischemic stroke is still controversial, due to the low level of evidence-based studies and the paucity of publications. The article analyzes and summarizes data on the possibilities and limitations of the use of antiplatelet agents for secondary prevention of AIS in children.
MECHANICAL VENTILATION OF THE LUNGS WITH A TARGETED TIDAL VOLUME IN NEWBORNS AND INFANTS WITH VARIOUS LUNG DISEASES
Authors:   Kaluga Oblast Regional Clinical Hospital, Kaluga, Russia, Mostovoy A.V. , Mezhinsky S.S. ,   Morozov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Karpova A.L. ,   Kaluga Oblast Regional Clinical Hospital, Kaluga, Russia, Nikolishin A.N. ,   Morozov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Gorev V.V. ,   Morozov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2021

The review presents and systematizes the current provisions on artificial lung ventilation (ALV) with a guaranteed or target tidal volume as the most effective and safe mode of ALV in neonatal practice. The application of this method of respiratory support is described. The authors present the main provisions on the optimal selection of the target tidal volume in various pathological conditions. The use of various modes of ALV in combination with a guaranteed tidal volume makes it possible to prevent or reduce the harmful impact of ALV in patients with acute and chronic lung pathology, in newborns and children in the first year of life.
GENETIC DISORDERS OF SURFACTANT PROTEINS
Authors:   People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia, Zhestkova M.A. , Ovsyannikov D.Yu. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2021

The literature review provides up-to-date information on rare interstitial lung diseases, manifesting both in children, starting from the neonatal period, and in adults, – genetic disorders of surfactant proteins B, C, ATP-binding cassette protein A3 (ABCA3), manifested by such histopathological patterns, as chronic pneumonitis of infants, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, desquamative interstitial pneumonia , nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. Information on epidemiology, genetics, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment of these diseases is given.
Vocalic inflection in the warsh transmission (compared to the hafs transmission)
Authors: Garadaghli Vugar
Published: September 2021

This article analyzes the differences in the vocalic inflection observed between Ḥafṣ transmission of ‘Āṣim’s reading and Warsh’s transmission of Nāfi‘’s reading of the Qur’ān, the latter of which is the most widespread in the Islamic world. The aim is also to determine whether the majority are morphologically based; to get acquainted with the research and to analyze the issues of interest, and to ensure that new scientific findings can be brought to the attention of the scientific community. The author’s analysis, based on the comparative method of the phenomena of vocal inflection, especially in the transmission of Warsh, which is less familiar to a wide audience, has special scientific and practical significance. Comments are made on previously expressed considerations regarding the problem, and an attempt is made to overestimate the phonetic phenomena and make an appropriate assessment.
Assessing the Consequences of Induction Motor Failures Caused by Broken Bars of Squirrel-Cage Rotor Windings
Authors:   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, NAZARYCHEV Alexandr N. , STRAKHOV Alexandr S. ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, NOVOSELOV Evgeniy M. ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, POLKOSHNIKOV Denis A. ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, MOROZOV Alexandr N. ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, SKOROBOGATOV Andrey A. ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University
Published: September 2021

Despite the great attention paid by Russian and foreign authors to the problem of timely fault detection in the squirrel-cage rotor windings of high-voltage induction motors, the papers published by them pay little attention to issues related to substantiating the need for carrying out the relevant studies. However, this is especially important for high-voltage electric motors used in power plant auxiliaries. The aim of the study is to assess the consequences from failure of induction motors used in power plant auxiliaries caused by a break of the rotor winding bars. Assessment of the failure consequences is an important component of the transition to risk-oriented management of induction motors operation. The main components of the failure consequences and the resulting economic damage are identified. It is shown that failures of high-voltage induction motors caused by broken rotor bars can lead to economic damage of several million rubles. It has been found, based on computer simulation results, that during operation of induction motors with broken rotor bars, their magnetic and electrical losses increase significantly. The study results have shown that the economic damage may also be significant during long-term operation of a large number of induction motors with this type of failure. The accomplished assessment of the failure consequences in money terms confirms the relevance and necessity to perform functional monitoring of the state of the rotor windings of high-voltage induction motors used in the system of power plant auxiliaries.
Factors Causing Unreliable Accounting of Electricity Consumption on the Electrified Transport “Two Wires-Rail” Longitudinal Power Supply Lines
Authors:   Russian University of Transport – RUT MIIT, SEMENOVA Elena Yu.
Published: September 2021

As is known, the “two wires–rail” power supply system (TWR line) does not meet the modern electromagnetic compatibility requirements, which is a factor causing increased damageability of alarming, centralized control and interlocking devices, as well as other non-traction electric power consumers. In addition, there often occur unexplained differences (unbalance) in the accounting of electricity received by end users and consumed by the TWR line at a traction substation. The accomplished studies have shown that in almost all sections of the network, the actual electricity consumption is significantly lower than that recorded by the TWR line metering devices. The discrepancy in the readings could be explained by unauthorized taps of electricity. However, such a statement will be superficial. The article considers the real factors causing the unbalance in accounting the electricity consumed on the TWR line, which are explained by the magnetic influence of the contact system. An equivalent circuit of the contact system magnetic influence on the TWR line is presented for any configuration of the section with different placements of self-contained transformer substations at different levels of their power capacity. The magnetic influence of the contact system on the TWR line is illustrated by a phasor diagram.
La reproducción de los oficios. De la organización gremial a la Escuela Nacional de Artes y Oficios de Hombres en la ciudad de México, 1780-1915
Authors: Pérez Toledo Sonia
Published: September 2021

Con las reformas a los gremios del siglo XVIII y el decreto de libertad de oficio de 1813, las corporaciones artesanales se desarticularon de diversas maneras, pero no se modificó la estructura jerárquica ni el papel asignado al maestro del taller en la formación de los aprendices y oficiales. La legislación del periodo nacional no incorporó algún tipo de normatividad relativa a la organización del artesanado hasta 1857, pero algunos miembros de las élites expresaron la necesidad de apoyar a los artesanos y de estimular el “correcto” aprendizaje de los oficios. Políticos y organizaciones de trabajadores estuvieron a favor de la creación de escuelas a cargo del gobierno, pero las condiciones que privaron se convirtieron en obstáculos para impulsar la formación de artesanos. En 1867 se abrió la Escuela Nacional de Artes y Oficios de Hombres en la capital, que funcionó con dificultad, pero de forma constante, hasta 1915. Sin embargo, la evidencia muestra que este establecimiento, como otros de su tipo, fracasaron en la formación de artesanos y no tuvieron la capacidad para desplazar al maestro del pequeño taller en esta tarea. Se postula que la costumbre y sociabilidad del aprendizaje artesanal siguió ocupando un sitio fundamental en la formación de trabajadores frente a la incapacidad del Estado liberal; para ello se amplía el periodo estudio y se contrastan los discursos legislativos y de las élites con la información sobre la importancia social de la enayo, a partir de fuentes primarias poco exploradas y en diálogo con la historiografía.
¿Es requisito necesario la situación de asimilación al alta para el acceso a la jubilación anticipada involuntaria?
Authors: Macías García María del Carmen
Published: September 2021

La pensión de jubilación anticipada por causa no imputable al trabajador aparece regulada de forma clara en nuestra legislación. Sin embargo, el cumplimiento de los requisitos exigidos de forma específica en algunas ocasiones se confunde con los generales y comunes indispensables para el acceso a las prestaciones de nuestro sistema de Seguridad Social. A la necesidad de encontrarse inscrito como demandante de empleo y si es supletorio del requisito de alta asimilada dedicamos las siguientes líneas.
El contenido y alcance de las tareas de cuidado en los Centros de Atención Residencial
Authors: Poyatos Chacón Mª. Fátima
Published: September 2021

Los cambios demográficos y sociosanitarios están originando un incremento progresivo de personas mayores cada vez más longevas, lo que conlleva problemas de dependencia en las últimas etapas de su vida. La valoración de cada caso y el reconocimiento del grado de dependencia establecido en la Ley 39/2006, de 14 de diciembre, de Promoción de la Autonomía Personal es fundamental para que el personal gerocultor desarrolle con calidad el ejercicio de sus funciones, sin dejar a un lado la especial mención que hace la Ley a la formación y a la cualificación de los profesionales y cuidadores. La polémica se suscita en el artículo 17 del VII Convenio Colectivo Marco Estatal de Servicios de Atención a las Personas Dependientes, cuando se especifican las funciones del gerocultor, y la posible incompatibilidad existente en el ejercicio de determinadas funciones residenciales. No obstante, la jurisprudencia avala esa atribución de funciones, en su momento a través de la Sentencia 1/2019, de 21 de enero de la Audiencia Nacional, y de forma posterior en la Sentencia 1024/2020, de 24 de noviembre donde la Sala de lo Social del Tribunal Supremo da firmeza al artículo 17 del Convenio Colectivo.
La sostenibilidad de las pensiones públicas en España: aspectos básicos
Authors: Domínguez Martínez José M.
Published: September 2021

En este trabajo se lleva a cabo un análisis introductorio del sistema público de pensiones de España desde el punto de vista de la sostenibilidad. Inicialmente se expone el esquema de flujos y variables que condicionan la sostenibilidad de un sistema de reparto. A continuación, partiendo de la situación presupuestaria actual, se examinan las proyecciones demográficas y financieras, las cuales arrojan un escenario de déficits estructurales en las décadas venideras. Finalmente se esbozan diversas líneas de reforma para hacer frente a dicha situación.
PSİKOLOJİK DANIŞMA SÜRECİNDE GÜÇ
Authors: AKGÜL Hanife , USLU Gökçenur
Published: September 2021

Güç kavramı, bir üyenin bir olaya etki etme derecesidir. French ve Raven, güç kavramını iki kişi arasındaki ilişkide kararlı potansiyel etki olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu kavramı altı alt kategoriye ayırmışlardır: Zorlayıcı güç, ödül gücü, yasal ve meşru güç, uzman gücü, referans-özdeşim gücü, bilgi-ikna gücü. Bu çalışma da, psikolojik danışma sürecinde terapötik ilişki dikkate alınarak, danışan ve danışman arasındaki güç kavramının sürece etkisi incelenmeye çalışılacaktır. Çalışmanın çıkış noktası ise, yapılan literatür taramaları sonucunda bu kavramla ilgili çalışma sayısının az olması ve psikolojik danışma süreci kapsamında tanımlamasının olmayışıydı. Kişilerarası güç dengesinin bozulması, insan ilişkileri ve bununla birlikte bir ilişki çeşidi olan psikolojik danışma süreci için bizlere olumsuz sinyaller vermektedir. Güç kavramının farkında olunması ve güç dengesinin sağlanması, terapötik ilişkiyi güçlendirerek sürecin sağlıklı bir şekilde ilerlemesini sağlayacaktır. Bu yüzden güç kavramı, farkındalık kazılması gereken bir durumdur. Bu makale doküman analizi yönteminin kullanıldığı nitel bir çalışma olup; makalede psikolojik danışma sürecinde güç kavramının tanımı, güç çeşitleri, güç zehirlenmesi, psikolojik danışma kuramlarında güç kavramı ve değişen güç dengesinin sürece etkisi incelenmiştir.
ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ PROBLEM ÇÖZME SÜRECİNDE SERGİLEDİKLERİ BİLİŞSEL VE ÜSTBİLİŞSEL DAVRANIŞLARIN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ATASOY Meliha , YİĞİTCAN NAYİR Özge
Published: September 2021

Araştırmanın amacı, öğretmen adaylarının problem çözme sürecini bilişsel ve üstbilişsel davranışlar açısından incelemektir. Araştırma bir devlet üniversitesinde eğitim görmekte olan yedi Fen Bilgisi Öğretmenliği birinci sınıf öğrencisi ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırma yöntemi olarak nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışması kullanılmıştır. Öğretmen adaylarını düşünmeye sevk edecek ve birden fazla çözüm yoluna sahip problemlerin yer aldığı Rutin Olmayan Problemler Testi ve problem çözme esnasında bilişsel ve üstbilişsel farkındalıkları belirlemek amacıyla yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat soruları veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler betimsel analize tabi tutulmuştur. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre, öğretmen adayları bilişsel ve üstbilişsel davranışların başında yer alan ‘anlama’ aşamasında sorun yaşamaktadırlar. Anlama davranışında sorun yaşanması diğer basamaklar olan analiz, keşfetme, planlama, uygulama, doğrulama ve değerlendirme davranışlarının sergilenmesi sürecinde büyük bir engel oluşturmaktadır.
EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ MEZUNU OLACAĞIM!... NE İŞ OLSA YAPARIM!?
Authors: DELİVELİ Kısmet , AR Tuğçe
Published: September 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı eğitim fakültesinde öğrenimlerine devam eden son sınıf öğrencilerinin öğretmen atamalarına yönelik kaygılarını anlamaya çalışmaktır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenolojik desende tasarlanan araştırmada, çalışma grubunun oluşturulmasında maksimum çeşitlilik örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, Sınıf Öğretmenliği, Türkçe Öğretmenliği, Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmenliği, Fen Bilgisi Öğretmenliği, Matematik Öğretmenliği dördüncü sınıfta okuyan 17’si kadın ve 6’sı erkek olmak üzere 23 öğretmen adayı oluşturmuştur. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplanan verilerin çözümlenmesinde “içerik analizi ve betimsel analiz” tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları öğretmen adaylarının görüşleri “İstihdama yönelik sorunlar ve kaygılar”, “Devletten beklentiler ve çözümler” olmak üzere iki tema halinde değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonunda öğretmen adaylarının atanmaya yönelik kaygılarının olduğu, formasyon eğitimini “haksız, adaletsiz, gereksiz, yetersiz, paraya dayalı, niteliksiz, yalancı öğretmenlik, etik olmayan” bir uygulama; ücretli öğretmenliği “yetersiz ücret ödenen, sömürüye dayalı, alternatif bir seçenek, garantisiz bir iş, haksız ve yanlış” bir uygulama; sözleşmeli öğretmenliği “süresi uzun, haksız, yanlış, garantisiz iş” olarak değerlendirdikleri görülmüştür. Öğretmen adaylarının atama sayısının azlığına, KPSS puanının yüksek oluşuna ve haksız atamalar yapıldığına dikkat çektikleri; Devletten “kadrolu istihdam” beklentilerinin olduğu ve kadrolu istihdam edilmeyi “güvenli, sürekli, garanti ve sunulan haklar” nedeniyle istedikleri anlaşılmıştır.
The presence of Ehrlichia canis in Rhipicephalus bursa ticks collected from ungulates in continental Eastern Europe
Authors: Matei Ioana Adriana , Ionică Angela Monica , Corduneanu Alexandra , Domșa Cristian , Sándor Attila D.
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Rhipicephalus bursa is a common tick parasite of small-to-medium size ungulates, principally in warm, temperate, and subtropical areas. Although common in livestock and showing a wide geographic distribution, its epidemiological role in tick-borne bacterial disease is barely known. This study addressed the knowledge gap and aimed to screen for the presence of Anaplasmataceae and spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsia species in R. bursa ticks collected from domestic animals in Romania, Eastern Europe.

Material and Methods

A total of 64 pools of R. bursa ticks collected from small ungulates were tested by PCR for Anaplasmataceae DNA presence using group-specific primers. Specific testing was performed for Anaplasma marginale/A. centrale/A. ovis, A. platys, A. phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia canis, and SFG Rickettsia. The positive samples were purified and sequenced, and sequences analysis was used to identify the species and to confirm the PCR results.

Results

The only pathogen identified in this study was E. canis. The obtained sequences confirmed the PCR results. The presence of E. canis in R. bursa in Romania and in ticks from sheep was shown for the first time in this study.

Conclusion

Based on these findings, it may be presumed that the E. canis DNA originated from ticks; however, the vectorial role of R. bursa (and other arthropod species) in the transmission of E. canis should be proved experimentally.
Developing a Critical Consciousness with Elementary Students as A Catalyst for Academic Success
Authors: Diaz Marisol
Published: September 2021

Students of Mexican backgrounds have experienced oppressive schooling practices and classroom pedagogies that create academic achievement gaps. This article presents the work of the author, who taught for six years in a Title I elementary school near the United States and Mexico border. Based on an autoethnographic study that investigated the impact of critical pedagogy in the classroom, the author explores the extent to which the pedagogical approach mediated students’ critical consciousness development, resulting in a trajectory of academic success. The study analyzes six years of student work, self-reflection, and the daily routines of the classroom. The findings suggest that the students’ development of critical consciousness catalyzed their critical thinking skills, which they in turn applied to a wide array of academic content, including mathematics, science, and English language arts.
‘Please be a lady… you are not going to be heard’: The Debate over the Ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
Authors: Durkit Kasie
Published: September 2021

Why did the United States fail to ratify the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women? This overarching question forms the basis of this paper and will be answered using an array of primary and secondary sources. This paper gleans most of its evidence from the Senate Foreign Relations Committee Hearings of 1994 and 2002, letters from both President Jimmy Carter and former Secretary of State Colin Powell, Congressional Research Service reports on CEDAW from 2013 and 2007, several Senators’ statements in the Congressional Record, Congressional testimony, and the text of the CEDAW treaty. This paper integrates these primary sources with secondary sources, citing legal analyses by former Attorney General Harold Hongju Koh, positions taken by lobby groups such as Amnesty International, the Heritage Foundation, and Concerned Women for America, the text, “Circle of Empowerment” by CEDAW Committee veteran Hannah-Beate Schopp-Schilling, and research on the legislative impact of CEDAW by Dutch legal analyst Rikki Holtmaat. This paper contends that CEDAW’s failure stemmed from: 1) the belief that U.S. women’s rights are already “covered,” 2) the convergence of federalism and inherent constitutional restrictions, 3) the belief that CEDAW will subvert American sovereignty, and, 4) distorted interpretations of the CEDAW Committee’s recommendations.
Diversity and Composition of Hymenoptera Around Tidal Swamp Rice In Indragiri Hilir District, Indonesia
Authors: Ikhsan Zahlul , Oktavia Aulia
Published: September 2021

Pest attacks on rice plants can cause a detrimental decrease in production. Hymenoptera has many important roles in ecosystems, including as parasitoids and predators of pests. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of Hymenoptera around tidal swamp rice in Indragiri Hilir Regency, Indonesia. Sampling used four traps, namely: 1) swing net; 2) yellow pan trap; 3) malaise trap; and 4) pitfall traps. The analysis was carried out by calculating the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), the Margalef species richness index (D), the Pielou species evenness index (J). Hymenoptera found around tidal swamp rice areas of Indragiri Hilir Regency were 15.253 Hymenoptera insects consisting of 11 superfamilies, 37 families, and 304 morphospecies. Hymenoptera parasitoid had the highest diversity index value (4,80), followed by Hymenoptera pollinator (3,13) and Hymenoptera predator (3,11). The number of species of Hymenoptera parasitoid, pollinator, and predator obtained was 243; 31 and 76 species. The high diversity of Hymenoptera around tidal agricultural land optimizes its ecological role in the rice plantation ecosystem.
Spatial Signatures of Road Network Growth for Different Levels of Global Planning
Authors:   Physics Department, College of Science De La Salle University, Cirunay Michelle T. , Batac Rene C. ,   Physics Department, College of Science De La Salle University
Published: September 2021

We compare the statistical distributions of the geometrical properties of road networks for two representative datasets under different levels of planning: the cities comprising Metropolitan Manila show the conditions under bottom-up self-organized growth, while Brasilia and the Australian Capital Territory centered at Canberra represent the case of strict top-down planning. The distribution of segmented areas of the cities shows a dual power-law behavior, with the larger areas following the ∼1.9 scaling exponent observed in other cities, while the smaller areas show a lower exponent of ∼0.5, believed to be due to practical considerations. While all cities are found to favor the formation of straight road segments, the planned city roads have a preponderance of sinuous roads, with sinuosities approaching π. A simple model based on a nearest-neighbor directed branching coupled with sectional grid formations is proposed to capture the nontrivial statistical features observed.
Marketplace as A Determination Factor for Customer Satisfaction
Authors: Putra Febrianur Ibnu Fitroh Sukono , Aqmala Diana , Alwi Aufa Marzuq , Saputra Inggrit Faza , Rahmawati Sisca Dian
Published: September 2021

The research aims to analyze the main factor determining Chinese Smartphone Customer Satisfaction. The population of this research were all customers who purchased Chinese smartphones in Surakarta, Semarang, Pemalang, Purworejo, Grobogan. The sampling technique used purposive sampling by taking 200 official store customers and 200 black-market customers. The data collection method was a survey by personal questionnaire with an data analysis used multiple linear regression and different tests (independent sample T-test). The results obtained several findings that the price perception, product quality, and marketplace significantly affect customer satisfaction. Finally, there are differences in customer satisfaction felt purchased Chinese smartphones in the official store with the black market.
Keywords— Chinese smartphone; Customer Satisfaction; Product Quality; Price Perception; and Marketplace.
Atuação de uma liga acadêmica de cuidados à saúde da mulher durante o primeiro ano da pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Santarato Nathalia , Glavina Wellery Stefany Nunes , Rodrigues Amanda Maria Urei , Morais Cecília Verones Cândido de , Costa Gleicy Kelly Felix , Cieto Julia Ferreira , Michelon Thamíris Martins , Monteiro Juliana Cristina dos Santos , Ruela Ludmila de Oliveira , Silva Mônica Maria de Jesus
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência de atuação de uma Liga Acadêmica de Cuidados à Saúde da Mulher durante o ano de 2020 apresentando as dificuldades e facilidades encontradas frente às atividades remotas. Relato da experiência: A Liga Acadêmica estudada pertencente a um curso de graduação em Enfermagem de uma universidade pública brasileira e ao longo do primeiro ano da pandemia da COVID-19, precisou se adaptar frente ao novo modelo de atividades. Nesse período, houve a mudança do ensino presencial para o ensino remoto com a utilização de plataformas digitais e redes sociais, o que proporcionou facilidades e dificuldades para o desempenho das atividades. Isso acarretou no alcance de público maior e mais variado, permitindo atender aos preceitos que devem ser seguidos por uma Liga Acadêmica, entretanto, o acesso às atividades dependia de maior nível de concentração e ambiente propício a isso, internet disponível e aparelhos eletrônicos, o que pode ter dificultado o desempenho da Liga. Considerações finais: A atuação da Liga Acadêmica demonstrou ser uma experiência desafiadora, porém, exitosa, que foi possível pela incorporação das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação e por meio da utilização de plataformas que permitiram manter ativas as atividades desenvolvidas e alcançar espaços antes pouco possíveis.
Предварительная обработка данных системного мониторинга для анализа профиля загрузки высокопроизводительных вычислительных систем
Authors: Martyshov M.I. , Nikitenko D.A.
Published: September 2021

HPC systems are complex in architecture and contain millions of components. To ensure reliable operation and efficient output, functioning of most subsystems should be supervised. This is done on the basis of collected data from various logging and monitoring systems. This means that different data sources are used, and accordingly, data analysis can face multiple issues processing this data.
Some of the data subsets can be incorrect due to the malfunctioning of used sensors, monitoring system data aggregation errors, etc. This is why it is crucial to preprocess such monitoring data before analyzing it, taking into the consideration the analysis goals. The aim of this paper is, being based on the MSU HPC Center monitoring data, to propose an approach to data preprocessing of HPC monitoring systems, giving some real life examples of issues that may be faced, and recommendations for further analysis of similar datasets.

Высокопроизводительные вычислительные системы сложны по архитектуре и содержат миллионы компонент. Чтобы обеспечить надежную работу и эффективную отдачу, необходимо контролировать работу всех их подсистем. Это делается на основе данных, собранных различными системами журналирования и мониторинга. Это означает, что используются разные источники данных, и, соответственно, анализ данных может столкнуться с множеством проблем, связанных с обработкой этих данных.
Некоторые из подмножеств данных могут быть неверными из-за неисправности используемых датчиков, ошибок агрегирования данных системы мониторинга и т.д. Вот почему крайне важно проводить предварительную обработку таких данных мониторинга перед их анализом, принимая во внимание цели анализа. Цель этой работы, описать подход к предварительной обработке данных суперкомпьютерных систем мониторинга на основе опыта работы СКЦ МГУ, привести некоторые реальные примеры проблем, с которыми можно при этом столкнуться, а также рекомендации по дальнейшему анализу подобных наборов данных.
APPLICATION OF DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS FOR MEASURING SERVICE QUALITY FROM DISTRIBUTORS’ PERSPECTIVE IN SUPPLY CHAIN
Authors: Thanh Le Thi Phuong , Bao Hoang Tong Viet , Hanh Nguyen Hoang Viet
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Vietnam’s textile and apparel sector has achieved fast and sustainable growth over the past years and played an important role in national socio-economic development. The export value of textile and garment products in recent years has ranked number two in the country’s total export revenue. In this scenario, an attempt was made to examine the service quality at the manufacturer – distributor interface of the textile supply chain and provide clear guidelines for benchmarking of service quality in multi-unit services. A sample of 144 distributors from Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in major regions of South Vietnam was selected. Exploratory Factor Analysis was used to identify the critical factors of service quality. This research applies the data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach to the computation of a measure of overall service quality and benchmarking when measuring service quality with the Service Performance model. Dealing with the five dimensions of Service Performance (SERVPERF) as outputs, the proposed approach uses DEA as a tool for multiple criteria decision making (MCDM), in particular, the pure output DEA model without inputs. Data envelopment analysis measures the relative efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs) and identifies a set of corresponding efficient DMUs that can be used as benchmarks for the improvement of inefficient DMUs. The findings shed valuable insights on measures and critical underlying dimensions of service quality in the context of the supply chain in the textile industry, specifically from the distributor perspective. The results also give the best performer in textile SMEs and set the benchmarking guideline within each group among SEMsKeywords: service quality, data envelopment analysis, SERVPERF
PHÁT TRIỂN MÔ HÌNH RỪNG TRỒNG CÓ CHỨNG CHỈ: NGHIÊN CỨU TRƯỜNG HỢP Ở TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ
Authors: Thanh Thanh Trần Đoàn , Tâm Nguyễn Thiện
Published: September 2021

Tóm tắt: Phát triển rừng trồng theo hướng gỗ lớn có giá trị cao hướng tới đạt chứng chỉ rừng bền vững FSC là một trong những mục tiêu quan trọng trong chiến lược phát triển ngành lâm nghiệp của tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy: năm 2016 toàn tỉnh có 179 hộ tham gia mô hình trồng rừng có chứng chỉ FSC với tổng diện tích là 831,49 ha, năm 2019 tăng lên 948 hộ với tổng diện tích là 4.671,86 ha tương ứng tăng gấp 5,6 lần diện tích so với năm 2016. Tuy nhiên, tỷ lệ diện tích rừng có chứng chỉ FSC so với tổng diện tích rừng của hộ quản lý mới chiếm 12,12%. Nghiên cứu cho thấy sản xuất rừng trồng có chứng chỉ FSC mang lại hiệu quả kinh tế cao hơn rừng trồng không có chứng chỉ FSC; việc các hộ đã tham gia và tiếp tục chuyển đổi mở rộng diện tích có FSC là minh chứng cho điều này. Tuy nhiên, khó khăn chính trong việc thực hiện mô hình hiện nay là chu kỳ trồng rừng dài trong khi đó người dân lại có xu hướng thích khai thác sớm để giải quyết vấn đề về kinh tế. Vì vậy, việc tiếp tục hỗ trợ, thúc đẩy để khuyến khích hộ tham gia hợp tác liên kết trồng rừng gỗ lớn hướng đến có chứng chỉ rừng là rất cần thiết trong thời gian đến.Từ khóa: Chứng chỉ rừng; FSC; rừng trồng sản xuất;, Thừa Thiên Huế
XÂY DỰNG NÔNG THÔN MỚI GẮN VỚI PHÁT TRIỂN NGUỒN NHÂN LỰC Ở HUYỆN ĐỒNG XUÂN
Authors: Hòa Nguyễn Văn , Yến Sinh Nguyễn Thị
Published: September 2021

Thực hiện Chương trình mục tiêu quốc gia xây dựng nông thôn mới giai đoạn 2010- 2020, huyện Đồng Xuân, tỉnh Phú Yên có 60% số xã đạt chuẩn nông thôn mới về đích sớn hơn kế hoạch hơn 1 năm. Qua thực tiễn xây dựng nông thôn mới ở huyện Đồng Xuân, chúng tôi nhận thấy: việc nhận thức đầy đủ và xử lý tốt quan hệ giữa xây dựng nông thôn với phát triển nguồn nhân lực là một trong những nguyên nhân tạo nên thành công trong quá trình xây dựng nông thôn mới. Do đó, để đẩy mạnh tiến độ xây dựng nông thôn mới trong thời gian tới, huyện Đồng Xuân cần phải có các giải pháp khả thi để gắn xây dựng nông thôn mới với phát triển nguồn nhân lực.