bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Origens da Liderança Científica e Tecnológica Paulista no Século XX
Authors: Szmrecsányi Tamás József Márton Károly
Published: November 2019

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13071/regec.2317-5087.2013.2.2.6137.181-206Trata-se de um estudo sobre as  Instituições de Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo na Primeira República, 1890-1930. Estima-se que os pesquisadores radicados em São Paulo sejam os autores de 75% de tudo o que se pública em ciência e tecnologia no Brasil. Esse nível de concentração da produção científica e tecnológica costuma ser atribuído principalmente às atividades de pesquisa das suas três universidades públicas estaduais, e ao apoio que lhes é dispensado há décadas pela FAPESP (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo). O desenvolvimento dessas instituições, por sua vez, tem sido vinculado à prosperidade econômica do Estado de São Paulo, e mais particularmente ao estágio alcançado por sua industrialização a partir da década de 1930. Embora sejam corretas, tais interpretações deixam de explicar como e por que elas surgiram e prosperaram em São Paulo, e não alhures como, por exemplo, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, que também foi bastante próspera durante as primeiras décadas do século XX, tendo sediado a capital do país até os anos cinqüenta e a maior parte de seu setor industrial antes de 1920. Uma resposta a tais indagações talvez possa ser encontrada na política científica e tecnológica do governo paulista na Primeira República, a qual deu origem à criação de centros de pesquisas como o Instituto Butantã, o Instituto Biológico etc., bem como de vários estabelecimentos de ensino superior que mais tarde iriam integrar-se à Universidade de São Paulo (tais como a Escola Politécnica, a escola de Agronomia de Piracicaba e as faculdades de Medicina e de Farmácia). O presente trabalho procura identificar e caracterizar as condições econômicas, sociais e culturais que tomaram possíveis a gênese e a evolução da referida política, tentando, além disso, fazer uma primeira avaliação de seus principais efeitos a médio e longo prazo.
Desinstitucionalização da saúde mental em um hospital psiquiátrico na Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Do Carmo Araújo Natália , De Araújo Tânia Maria , Do Carmo Araújo Tamila , Macedo Carvalho Freitas Aline
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: Descrever as características dos moradores e do processo de desinstitucionalização de um hospital psiquiátrico da Bahia. Método: foi realizado um estudo descritivo com abordagem exploratória, conduzido em um hospital psiquiátrico da Bahia, Brasil. A coleta de dados foi feita através dos registros de prontuários clínicos entre o período de 2009 à 2015. Resultados: Em 2015 havia114 moradores nas três unidades de internamentos, sendo esses na maioria do sexo feminino (29,8%), sem acompanhamento familiar (43,0%), com idade maior de 41 anos (39,2%) e com mais de 20 anos de acompanhamento hospitalar (46,8%), com ausência significativa de familiares e, ainda, maior quantitativo de internamentos na UPG (59,8%). Considerações: A redução do número de leitos e da oferta de serviços das internações hospitalares e os encaminhamentos para residências terapêuticas e familiares foram discussões presentes neste estudo. A baixa aceitação familiar, bem como a reinserção dos indivíduos na sociedade foram os principais desafios observados. A desinstitucionalização requer atuação/atenção e intervenções contínuas, a fim de que esse processo tenha suas propostas implementadas de modo efetivo com garantia de melhores condições de vida e saúde para a população com adoecimento mental no país.
Efficiency of Alstonia schoalris Leaves on Mild Steel in Acid Medium as Pickling Inhibitor
Authors: Neena P.K. , Poongothai N. , Abhirami P.R.
Published: November 2019

This work aims to find the inhibition efficiency of Alstonia schoalris leaves on mild steel in 1N HCl medium. Corrosion monitoring was done using weight loss method, potentiodynamic polarization studies like Tafel and impedance studies and the results shows that the inhibitor acts well on mild steel in acidic medium. Polarization studies show that the inhibitor behaves like a mixed type. The inhibitor was characterized using FTIR which showed the presence of hetero atoms in the inhibitor molecule that get adsorbed on metal surface and provided better efficiency and that was proven by different adsorption isotherm. Zeta potential showed the stability of particle in the medium. Surface analysis of specimen was studied using FESEM, EDX and contact angle measurements. The analysis showed that the surface exposed to inhibitor is less corroded and contact angle measurement showed hydrophilic nature of the surface. Here, the inhibition is attributed to the electrostatic interaction of active sites on metal and inhibitor.
Synthesis and Characterization of Some New [RR′SeL] Complexes
(L = Macrocyclic Ligand): A Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study (Part-II)
Authors: Patel Uday Singh , Chauhan Ranjeet Singh , Singh Sandeep , Ramakant  , Rajak Ashish , Srivastava Shekhar
Published: November 2019

Forty eight complexes of type [RR′SeL] (where R = R′ = CH3; R = R′ = n-C4H9; R = R′ = n-C8H17; R = R′ = i-C3H7; R = R′ = C6H5; R = C6H5, R′ = C2H5; R = C6H5, R′ = CH3 and R = C6H5, R′ = CH2Cl; L = newly prepared macrocyclic ligands) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, IR and XPS data. An octahedral geometry was established for all these prepared complexes.
Simultaneous Estimation of Paracetamol, Phenylephrine Hydrochloride and
Triprolidine Hydrochloride by Second Order Derivative Spectroscopy
Authors: Bhattarai Mukem , Basnett Hema , Das Ateeb , Manna Pravat , Dutta Debarupa , Chaudhary Deepak , Shrestha Bhupendra
Published: November 2019

A simple, sensitive and reproducible second order derivative UV spectrophotometric method was developed for simultaneous estimation of mixture of paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride and triprolidine hydrochloride in the tablet dosage form. The method utilizes second order derivative technique, which helps to isolate the individual peaks of the mixture drugs and overcome the problem of merging of mixture peaks with each other. For quantification of paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride and triprolidine hydrochloride wavelength selected were 244, 276 and 297 nm, respectively. The method was linear over the concentration range of 5-40 μg/mL. Intra-day and inter-day precision were within acceptable range (percentage relative standard deviation 2.27 %). The percentage recovery was within the range between 97.22-99.43 %. The method was also found to be robust and rugged. The method stands validated as per ICH guidelines and hence, can be used for the routine quality control analysis of paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride and triprolidine hydrochloride
in the tablet dosage form.
Green Synthesis and Optimization of Silver Nanoparticles from
Piper betel and Jatropha curcas to Enhance α-Amylase Activity
Authors: Halima R. , Narula Archna
Published: November 2019

In the present study, the catalytic nature of silver nanoparticles was studied in the reaction mixture with amylase enzyme. Amylase is an industrially important enzyme that catalyzes the decomposition of starch into glucose. The silver nanoparticles in the study were synthesized using a green approach where the leaf extracts of Piper betel and Jatropha curcas act as reducing agent in reducing silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles. The reaction medium was optimized for better yield by altering the parameters like pH, temperature, silver ion concentration, reducing agent concentration and irradiation
and hence the improvement in yield of silver nanoparticles was noticed. Moreover, the synthesized silver nanoaprticles were confirmed through UV-visible spectra, FTIR, SEM and EDX spectra. By optimizing, more stable particles were synthesized with a size of about 41 nm from both the leaf extracts. The synthesized nanoparticles were added in the reaction mixture with α-amylase and the reaction rate was enhanced to about three-folds in comparison with that without silver nanoparticles
Template Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivities of Anionic Transition
Metal Complexes with Tetraaza Protonated 11,13-Dimethyl-1,4,7,10-
tetraazacyclotrideca-4,6,10,13-tetraene-5,6-Diol as Cation
Authors: Vimala B. , Jayapradha S.R. , Selvan A.
Published: November 2019

Template synthesis, characterization and reactivities of anionic transition metal complexes with tetraazaprotonated 11,13-dimethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclotrideca-4,6,10,13-tetraene-5,6-diol as cation has been achieved. By magnetic and spectral studies, hexachlorometallate(II) anionic complexes have been found to be octahedral. It is envisioned that the cationic macrocycle may be associating with both the complex and chloride anions through hydrogen bonding thereby rendering the molecule as a
whole neutral. Deprotonation, protonation analysis and chemosensor behaviour have been showed by pH variation studies and relevant anionic additions, respectively. All of these data supports the newly synthesized anionic complexes in a strange manner.
Impaired Cardiac Reserve on Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography Predicts the Development of Hepatorenal Syndrome
Authors: Koshy Anoop N. , Farouque Omar , Cailes Benjamin , Testro Adam , Ramchand Jay , Sajeev Jithin K. , Han Hui-Chen , Srivastava Piyush M. , Jones Elizabeth F. , Salehi Hamid , Teh Andrew W. , Lim Han S. , Calafiore Paul , Gow Paul J.
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Cardiac dysfunction has been implicated in the genesis of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). It is unclear whether a low cardiac output (CO) or attenuated contractile response to hemodynamic stress can predict its occurrence. We studied cardiovascular hemodynamics in cirrhosis and assessed whether a diminished cardiac reserve with stress testing predicted the development of HRS on follow-up.

METHODS:

Consecutive patients undergoing liver transplant workup with dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) were included. CO was measured at baseline and during low-dose dobutamine infusion at 10 μg/kg/min. HRS was diagnosed using guideline-based criteria.

RESULTS:

A total of 560 patients underwent DSE, of whom 488 were included after preliminary assessment. There were 64 (13.1%) patients with established HRS. The HRS cohort had a higher baseline CO (8.0 ± 2 vs 6.9 ± 2 L/min; P < 0.001) and demonstrated a blunted response to low-dose dobutamine (ΔCO 29 ± 22% vs 44 ± 32%, P < 0.001) driven primarily by inotropic incompetence. Optimal cutpoint for ΔCO in patients with HRS was determined to be <25% and was used to define a low cardiac reserve. Among the 424 patients without HRS initially, 94 (22.1%) developed HRS over a mean follow-up of 1.5 years. Higher proportion with a low cardiac reserve developed HRS (52 [55.0%] vs 56 [16.9%]; hazard ratio 4.5; 95% confidence interval 3.0–6.7; P < 0.001). In a Cox multivariable model, low cardiac reserve remained the strongest predictor for the development of HRS (hazard ratio 3.9; 95% confidence interval 2.2–7.0; P < 0.001).

DISCUSSION:

Patients with HRS demonstrated a higher resting CO and an attenuated cardiac reserve on stress testing. On longitudinal follow-up, low cardiac reserve was an independent predictor for the development of HRS. Assessment of cardiac reserve with DSE may provide a novel noninvasive risk marker for developing HRS in patients with advanced liver disease.HRS is a life-threatening complication of liver disease. We studied whether an inability to increase cardiac contraction in response to stress can assist in the prediction of HRS. We demonstrate that patients with liver disease who exhibit cardiac dysfunction during stress testing had a 4-fold increased risk of developing HRS. This may improve our ability for early diagnosis and treatment of patients at a higher risk of developing HRS.
Memorializing an Ideal: Representations of Inclusivity in Canada’s National Public Monuments
Authors: Weeks Eric
Published: November 2019

Abstract

In every corner of every town and city, memorials can be found existing in a variety of forms and serving a variety of functions. From small plaques or roadside markers to grand monuments commemorating a national or global event, they attempt to remind the public of individuals or a shared history. However, memorials also perform another role, and that is to not only record and display those subjects which a society deems worthy of commemoration, but also how those histories are shaped, framed and positioned to fit contemporary needs. This paper examines the use of memorials and monuments within Ottawa to create and demonstrate an inclusive, diverse and welcoming Canada. These values are found throughout Canadian society but looking at Ottawa’s built environment – the additions to the landscape created from steel and granite – reveals a deeper understanding of what these ideals mean to Canadians, how the nation sees itself and how it portrays itself to the world.
Biomarkers for diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Budzinskaya Maria V. , Lipatov Dmitry V. , Pavlov Vladislav G. , Petrachkov Denis V.
Published: November 2019

A data analysis on the actual direction of biomedicine, the study of biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy (DR), was done. Biomarkers identification is important for screening, diagnosis, monitoring, prevention and prediction of the clinical response of the patient to the treatment. In addition, studying the biomarkers allows increase of the effectiveness and safety of using various treatment options. The review examines two main groups of biomarkers, molecular and visualised, which shows the current state of the problem and the prospects for studying biomarkers in the context of the DR treatment. Nowadays, searching for and finding new biomarkers is important and will allow us to develop individual treatment regimens for DR and personalised medicine in an interdisciplinary aspect: ophthalmology and endocrinology.
Informativeness of bone intraoperative culture for diagnose osteomyelitis in diabetic foot patients.
Authors: Tsvetkov Vitaly O. , Kolovanova Olga V. , Frolova Oxana E. , Gusarova Tatiana A. , Ezhova Ludmila G.
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of osteomyelitis in diabetic foot patients is frequently not obvious due to similar clinical and X-ray signs of bone infection and Sharcot osteopathy, but it is very important because of opposite approach to treatment of these conditions. Today we do not have reliable parameters to determine the devastation of bone infection and, therefore, the rational volume of bone resection and debridement.
AIMS: To determine the diagnostic value of bone culture for osteomyelitis in diabetic foot patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 177 patients underwent surgery due to different forms of diabetic foot. In 131 of them clinical signs of osteomyelitis were revealed and this diagnosis was confirmed by histology. 46 patients with diabetes who underwent high-level amputation without bone infection formed the control group. Intraoperative bone cultures and histological samples were taken in all cases.
RESULTS: We found similar microbial landscape in various forms of diabetic foot and in control group. The frequency of positive intraoperative cultures in patients without osteomyelitis was detected as 63%. The sensitivity of bone culture was counted as 86,3%, the specificity as 37%, the accuracy 73.5%.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that bone culture is not reliable sign of bone infection in diabetic foot patients due to its low specificity. In our judgment, the only way to determine rational level of bone resection is visual intraoperative assessment and clinical signs such as development of granulation tissue and wound healing.
MARRIED TO A SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENT: A CLINICAL CASE
Authors: Simak Olga Ya , Soldatkin Victor A
Published: November 2019

An integrated approach to the treatment of schizophrenia should be aimed both at restoring psychophysical functions -using rational psychopharmacotherapy and ensuring maximum social adjustment of patients - using psychotherapy of the patient and his immediate environment - the family. The article describes a clinical case of schizophrenia and influence of the family environment on the course of the disease and the psychosocial well-being of the patient.
Contrast-induced nephropathy: the possibility of early diagnosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after primary percutaneous coronary interventions
Authors: Yarkova Natalia , Borovkov Nikolai
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the possibilities of early diagnosis of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) after primary percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) using biostarers: cystatin C, nephrine and lipocalin-2.

Materials and methods. he study included 84 patients who received PCI for the first time. Before the PCI, the risk of CIN on the R. Mehran scale was assessed, and also modern biomarkers of renal damage were determined before and after the procedure for 3 days. All patients were divided into two groups: 1). patients with type 2 DM (n = 44 people); 2) patients without DM (n = 40 people). By sex, age, the duration of the disease group were comparable.

Results. The parameters of the functional state of the kidney before and after PCI in patients with type 2 DM, taking into account the criteria of KDIGO (2012) and elevated levels of modern biomarkers, indicated the development of CIN. In the control group, this was observed in 35 of 40 (87.5%) patients. In both groups, there was an increase in serum creatinine levels of blood, urea, new biomarkers, and a decrease in GFR after administration of contrast agents. Normalization of only urea and blood creatinine against the background of adequate hydration was detected on day 2-3 after contrasting procedures. The GFR remained still reduced despite ongoing therapy.

Conclusions. Cystatin C, nephrin, lipocalin 2 have high sensitivity and specificity. The determination within 3 days of these biomarkers allows us to objectively judge the dynamics of contrast-induced nephropathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in surgical interventions on the coronary arteries with the introduction of contrast and the effectiveness of protective measures.
Mechanisms of membranoreceptor function disturbances in pregnant patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mikaelyan N P , Knyazev Yu. A. , Maxina A. G. , Petrukhin V. A.
Published: November 2019

Studies of membranoreceptor system in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus revealed that insulin resistance in pregnant patients with type I diabetes is caused by disordered cellular sensitivity to threshold physiological and submaximal insulin doses, whereas the maximal doses of the hormone normalize glucose consumption by the cells. High insulin doses intensify lipid peroxidation, normalize the status of membranous proteins, reduce the number of thiol groups, reduce AOA level in membranes, and, hence, reduce membranous capacity to bind active peroxide radicals. Structural and functional changes in red cell membranes are associated with reduced affinity of insulin receptors, reduction in the number of insulin-binding sites in membranes, this disordering intracellular effects of insulin.
Treatment strategy in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Analysis of current approaches, basic problems, and approaches to solution thereof
Authors: Antsiferov M. B. , Surkova Ye. V. , Mayorov A. Yu.
Published: November 2019

The shortcomings of current approaches to therapy of patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus are discussed. A tendency to early prescription of oral sugar-reducing drugs which are prescribed to 71 % of patients during the first year of the disease was noted, as well as underevaluation of nondrug therapy. Poor efficacy of therapeutic and prophylactic care of patients with this condition is demonstrated as exemplified by quite a number of district health centers of Moscow, resulting in inadequate level of compensation, a high incidence of diabetes complications, and increase in the number of patients administered insulin therapy. The authors emphasize the importance of introducing practical training of patients as a means to improve the quality of specialized diabetological care.
Goiter endemism in Moscow and the Moscow region
Authors: Nazarov A. N. , Mayorova N. M. , Sviridenko N. Yu. , Kenzhibayeva M. B. , Arbuzova M. I. , Mischenko B. P. , Gherasimov G. A.
Published: November 2019

Goiter prevalence and iodine excretion levels were assessed in schoolchildren aged 9 and 13 in the city of Moscow (n=91) and the Moscow region, 60 km East of Moscow (n=92). Goiter prevalence was evaluated by ultrasonography. In Moscow it was found to be 31.1 % among children aged 9 and 17.5 % among those aged 13. The respective values in the Moscow region were 47.2 and 39.3 %. Medium urinary iodine levels were 6.9 to 7.5 pg/dl in Moscow and 4.1 to 5.4 pg/dl in the region. According to modern criteria, iodine deficiency in Moscow may be regarded as mild and in the region as moderate. Control programs are urgently needed tc prevent development of iodine deficiency disorders.
Prevalence of somatic diseases in children with endemic goiter
Authors: Kasatkina E. P. , Lisenkova L. A. , Scheplyagina L. A. , Bolotova N. V. , Kurmacheva N. A. , Glukhova T. V. , Kokorina Ye. P. , Martynov N. M.
Published: November 2019

A total of 1649 children aged 0 to 16 years were examined in the Khvalynsk district of the Saratov region endemic for goiter. Age-specific features of prevalence of goiter and chronic somatic diseases were studied. Goiter was found to form starting from the first years of life, with its morbidity peaks observed at the age of 3, 5, 7, and 12. Disease incidence in children with endemic goiter was found to be higher than in those without thyroid abnomalities.
Final growth in girls with Turner syndrome treated with growth hormone. Analysis of the international database of growth monitoring of the company “Kabi Pharmacia” (KIGS)
Authors: Albertsson-Wikland K. A.
Published: November 2019

The completion of growth, which is determined in this study by slowing down the growth rate below 1 cm per year, was observed only in 15 of 640 treated with growth hormone (GH) girls with Turner syndrome (ST), information about which is included in the KIGS database. GH was administered to patients at a dose that ranged within the group within 0.31.0 IU / kg per week, with a multiplicity of 3 to 7 injections per week. The results of the study were presented graphically for each patient. At the beginning of GR therapy, the standard deviation index (SDS) of growth ranged from -2.4 to 1.5 compared with the standards for CT patients developed by M. Ranke. At the beginning of the study, the group indices of median, maximum and minimum SDS growth were 0.3, -2.4 and 1.5, respectively, and by the time the final growth was achieved, their increase was noted to 1.1, -1.8 and 2.7 respectively. The final growth in girls with ST ranged from 132.7 to 161.1 cm. Compared with the predicted growth calculated for each patient, changes in the final growth in the treatment of GH in combination with oxandrolone and ethinyl estradiol ranged from -0.9 to 11.9 cm (median - 5.4 cm), while in the treatment of GH in combination with ethinyl estradiol, the median indicator was 1.6 cm. For the whole group as a whole, the median of final growth was 150.4 cm, in the subgroup of patients treated with GH in combination with oxandrolone and ethinyl estradiol, 152.1 cm and in girls, receiving GH and ethinyl estradiol, 149.3 cm.
Use of laser doppler flowmeter for the early diagnosis of diabetic microangiopathies
Authors: Balabolkin M. I. , Mamayeva G. G. , Troshina Ye. A.
Published: November 2019

Use of laser doppler flowmeter helped reveal in patients with diabetes mellitus a decrease of volumetric bloodstream in the capillaries of skin in the absence of clinical and biochemical evidence of microcirculatory disorders. Bloodstream parameters were correlated to the findings of objective methods of diagnosis at the stage of manifest clinical signs of vascular involvement of various localizations. Laser doppler flowmeter may be used for preclinical diagnosis of renal and ophthalmic involvement in diabetics with types 1 and II conditions as a method to monitor the therapy efficacy in patients with apparent clinical signs of microangiopathies. We should like to emphasize the possibility of mass screenings of patients and the simple technique of using the device, as well as the possibility of assessing the bloodstream not only in the skin, but in the organs and retina as well.
Foreword
Authors: Zaccarello Michelangelo
Published: November 2019

No abstract.
Quale infrastruttura per le edizioni digitali:
Authors: Pierazzo Elena
Published: November 2019

L’articolo riflette sui modi di produzione delle edizioni scientifiche digitali, lamentandone i costi eccessivi che di fatto escludono i giovani ricercatori dalla loro produzione. Utilizzando una metafora presa in prestito dal mondo della moda, le edizioni scientifiche digitali esistenti sono paragonate all’haute couture e al prêt-à-porter: l’autrice distingue infatti le edizioni specializzate, caratterizzate dai costi elevati e dall’essere costruite “su misura” (haute cou- ture) da quelle seriali, caratterizzate da una certa uniformità e dai costi ridotti (prêt-à- porter), auspicando una più generale diffusione di quest’ultimo modello. La seconda parte dell’articolo riflette sulle caratteristiche delle edizioni seriali e loro relazioni con le edizioni specializzate.

This article reflects on current ways of producing digital scholarly editions, noting that they typically involve excessive costs that effectively exclude young or independent scholars from undertaking their production. Using a metaphor borrowed from the world of fashion, exist- ing digital scholarly editions are described as either ‘haute couture’ or ‘prêt-à-porter’: that is, either specialized editions characterized by high costs and by production ‘to measure’ (haute couture), or those that use existing frameworks and so are characterized by a certain unifor- mity and reduced costs (prêt-à-porter). The article argues for a wider diffusion of the latter model, but the second part presents a reflection on the characteristics of these editions and their productive interactions with the more specialized type of edition.
Humans as “Part and Parcel of Nature”: Thoreau’s Contribution to Environmental Ethics
Authors: Matzke Jason P.
Published: November 2019

Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) develops an understanding of human beings as “part and parcel of nature” that includes the idea that we are physically, spiritually, and attitudinally (more or less) connected to the world around us. The image he offers is one in which life spent too much in civilization, where work and social expectations determine the quality of one’s daily life and personal character, lead to lives of boredom, conformity, and misplaced priorities. Time spent in more natural environments is the antidote. Such experiences have the potential to jar us out of the conformist and—to his mind—personally stunting existence into which most fall. Growth and liberation come from experiencing the “More” of which both nature and we are a part. Thoreau calls us to reevaluate our values and priorities by being in a right relationship with nature, which does not require that we accept all of his particular ontological commitments. The argument that emerges for greater protection of the environment is admittedly quite human-centered. However, Thoreau’s insight that we are part and parcel of nature is important because, as Aldo Leopold later argues, we can only progress beyond a prudential approach to nature when we see ourselves as part of the larger whole. The world looks different when it is our home and community as opposed to being mere material to be used or a stage on which our lives unfold.
Geschichtsbewusstsein und Zeitzeugnis. Nietzsches Genealogie als Anregung zum philosophischen Dialog mit Kindern
Authors: Marsal Eva , Tobashi Takara
Published: November 2019

The paper confronts the reader with Nietzchean critical approach to history, truth, life, and education. Far away from progressive-euphoric ideologies of 19th, the authors consider the following questions: How children live historical occurences when being tought in classrooms (for example in Italy, Japan, etc.), how can we strengthen their ability for reflected relations to history as well as for interconnecting between past, present, and future life? Psychological, pedagogical, and philosophical considerations meet intercultural contexts.
Free Will and Retribution Today
Authors: De Caro Mario , Marraffa Massimo
Published: November 2019

The paper addresses two issues that have been recently debated in the literature on free will, moral responsibility, and the theory of punishment. The first issue concerns the descriptive project, the second both the substantive and the prescriptive project. On theoretical, historical and empirical grounds, we claim that there is no rationale for fearing that the spread of neurocognitive findings will undermine the ordinary practice of responsibility attributions. We hypothetically advocate two opposite views: (i) that such findings would cause the collapse of all punitive practices; (ii) that, on the contrary, such findings would open the way to more humane forms of punishment, which would be justified on purely utilitarian grounds. We argue that these views are both wrong, since whereas a sound punitive system can be justified without any reference to moral responsibility, it will certainly not improve the humaneness of punishment.
Armut und Autobiographie – Versuch einer Begriffsanalyse
Authors: Bogaczyk-Vormayr Małgorzata
Published: November 2019

This short working paper is my first attempt to present my concept analysis of relation between the poverty experiences – e.g. childhood suffering by war and migration background, daily life suffering by starvation, abuse, racism etc. – and the process of self-understanding and resilience with the help of an oral history or literature (non-fiction as much as fiction novels). I reflect Wilhelm Dilthey’s opinion about the distinction between autobiography and Self-biography, and I present the Self-biography as a right way to concretize the themes of poverty and exclusion.
Orientalistische Namenspolitik im 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Wittler Kathrin
Published: November 2019

While the antisemitic impact of Sessa’s popular farce Unser Verkehr (1813) is well-known to historians of nineteenth-century literature and theatre, a careful contextualization of the notorious name of one of its characters – Isidorus Morgenländer – within the orientalist discourses of the time reveals that this play has not only anti-Jewish, but also anti-romantic tendencies. The reactions to Sessa’s play confirm this bidirectionality and the enhancing effects it had.
Die Germanistik der Germanistik
Authors: Kreutel Jörn , Martus Steffen , Thomalla Erika , Zimmer Daniel
Published: November 2019

The article examines the history and structure of the international bibliographical journal (internationales Referatenorgan) Germanistik from 1960 to 2009. By combining qualitative archival research and quantitative data analysis, it seeks to explore how the journal simultaneously took into account political, economic, and academic expectations; how it stimulated scholarly working practices; and how it contributed to the formation of networks within the heterogeneous field of German Studies.
Ästhetisch konstruierte Traditionen?
Authors: Voß Torsten
Published: November 2019

Throughout various literary and artistic periods, artists have referred to or even converted to Catholicism as a means of conjuring a certain perception of a European tradition. In doing this, they seek to create an aesthetic of romanticism and/or an idea and concept of beauty, the artist, artwork etc. After giving a brief overview of this discursive practice in modern avant-garde movements, this article focuses on early forms of literary Catholic movements, such as the French Renouveau catholique and François-René de Chateaubriand’s Le Génie du Christianisme (The Genius of Christianity), as well as Novalis’ ‘invention’ of German romanticism in his essay Die Christenheit oder Europa (Christianity or Europe). It shows that there are a variety of parallels to be identified across these periods and places, namely, in programs, performances, rhetoric-building and group-building processes, and in cultivating an anti-bourgeois distinction, both in the texts themselves and in the positioning of the artists within the literary field. Despite accusations of being reactionary, writers and artists who elaborate a Catholic concept of art and literature aim to develop a traditionalist and anti-modern stance within (aesthetical and social) modernity.
(Un)Ordnung und frühes Leid: Zum generischen Traditionsverhalten in August von Platens Jugend-Tagebüchern
Authors: Jürgensen Christoph
Published: November 2019

Starting with a brief overview of the history and development of diary writing, this article examines how August von Platen’s juvenile diaries can be situated in the context of this tradition of genre. In doing so, it will be shown that von Platen employs a unique blend of the genres autobiography and diary in order to relate his ‘Bildungsgeschichte’ of homosexuality in an innovative and Rousseauian spirit of openness.
TB pitke ‘fat, grease, oil’ and PIE *peih̯1- ‘to be fat, be bursting with’
Authors: Pan Tao
Published: November 2019

This paper investigates the meaning and the etymology of TB pitke. Based on a philological study of Sanskrit, Chinese and Tibetan parallel texts, the meaning of TB pitke can be determined to be ‘fat, grease, oil’. TB pitke corresponds to Skt. medas- ‘fat’, Tib. tshil ‘fat, grease’ and Chin. 脂zhī ‘fat, grease’. The philological identification of the meaning of TB pitke as ‘fat, grease, oil’ opens the door to an etymological connection with PIE *pei̯H- ‘to be fat, swell’, and, based on the historical phonology of Tocharian, leads to the determination of the laryngeal as *‑h1.
Old Irish aue ‘descendant’ and its descendants
Authors: Qiu Fangzhe
Published: November 2019

This paper intends to study the history of the Old Irish word aue ‘descendant, grandchild’ in both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The former approach tries to demonstrate what forms this word evolved into from the early Old Irish period up to the end of the Middle Irish period, and to establish the phonological changes it underwent in accordance with our present understanding of the history of the Irish language. The latter approach is based on a linguistically annotated corpus of the Annals of Ulster, and shows the distribution of variant forms of aue in relation to the period they are attested in. The discrepancy between the two observations is discussed and various hypotheses are raised to explain it.
Catastrophic Futures: Tragic Children in Martin McDonagh’s The Pillowman
Authors: Shermeyer Kelli
Published: November 2019

Through an analysis of Martin McDonagh’s play The Pillowman, this article explores the roles children play as avatars of futurity and tragic personages whose actions bid us to reflect on repetitive patterns of suffering. To this end, I suggest that we might productively engage with The Pillowman through the dramaturgical structures of tragedy, particularly insofar as tragedy revolves around catastrophic events in the family. While most previous scholarship on The Pillowman has focused on the protagonist, Katurian, and his social or moral obligations as an author, my work places the children of Katurian’s stories at the center of the play’s philosophical cruxes. Not yet fully socialized into societal paradigms that frame the replication of present circumstances, ideologies, and inequities as “progress,” the children of this play disrupt dominant tragic structures, offer catastrophic responses to abuse, and emphasize the absurdity of certain cultural narratives of justice and salvation. My readings are widely informed by the fields of tragic theory, childhood studies, critical posthumanism, and performance studies.
“Subject” clitics and particles in Provençal
Authors: Benincà Paola
Published: November 2019

Several Occitan dialects spoken in Western Piedmont exhibit no 1sg subject clitic form (a situation widely attested in Northern Italian dialects), although interrogative clauses with a 1sg subject feature an enclitic particle ke, identical to the complementiser. Many attempts have been made to interpret this ke as a reflex of Lat. E(G)O ‘I’ or originating from the reanalysis of the analogical -k displayed by verbs such as dik ‘I say’. Rather, I claim that ke is what it seems, namely the complementiser, and entertain the hypothesis that in these varieties the complementiser ended up satisfying EPP-like features.

To support this analysis, I examine data from a wider area including Provençal, Gascon and Ibero-Romance dialects in which the complementiser is used as a proclitic particle in assertive clauses (Etxepare 2010 a.o.). On the theoretical side, I submit the hypothesis that the peculiar behaviour of the complementiser ke in that area has to do with the checking of a ‘speaker’ feature in the left periphery of the clause.
Significant polar vasculosis in a patient with a 30-year history of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Oda Yasuhiro , Yamanouchi Masayuki , Mizuno Hiroki , Hiramatsu Rikako , Suwabe Tatsuya , Hoshino Junichi , Sawa Naoki , Ohashi Kenichi , Fujii Takeshi , Ubara Yoshifumi
Published: November 2019

We report the renal histology of a 66-year-old man with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and a 30-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic foot status post toe amputation. Urinary protein excretion was 1.4 g/gCr, serum creatinine level 0.86 mg/dL, estimated glomerular filtration rate 69 mL/min/1.73 m2, and HbA1c 13–15%, despite using insulin. Light microscopy showed global glomerulosclerosis in 37% of the glomeruli, but the remaining glomeruli were intact. Significant polar vasculosis was present, while arteriolar sclerosis was mild. Electron microscopy revealed a thickened glomerular basement membrane, which is compatible with the early stage of diabetic glomerulopathy. The presented case was unique because glomerular changes seen typically in diabetes were not seen in the patient, despite the long-standing history of diabetes and diabetic comorbidities, while prominent polar vasculosis was found. Polar vascular formation helps preserve the glomeruli by allowing hyperosmotic blood bypass the glomeruli; this decreases intraglomerular pressure and minimizes glomerular endothelial damage.

Learning points:

A 66-year-old man with a 30-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus with poor glycemic control underwent renal biopsy, which showed scarce glomerular changes typically seen in diabetic kidney disease and instead revealed significant polar vasculosis.

Past studies demonstrated that the increased small vessels around the vascular hilus in diabetic patients originated from the afferent arterioles and drained into the peritubular capillaries.

Polar vascular formation may preserve glomerular function by allowing the blood flow to bypass the glomeruli and decreasing the intraglomerular pressure, which minimizes endothelial damage of the glomerular tufts.
La influencia de un programa de actividad física sobre parámetros corporales y cardiovasculares en mujeres premenopáusicas
Authors: Ramírez Balas Almudena , Muñoz Marín Diego , Timón Andrada Rafael , Olcina Camacho Guillermo J. , Robles Gil Mª Concepción , Maynar Mariño Marcos
Published: November 2019

Durante el ciclo de la vida, la figura corporal de la mujer se modifica paulatinamente, pero al llegar la edad mediana, a consecuencia de la pérdida folicular de la función ovárica entre otros factores, se acentúan los cambios fisiológicos que pueden aumentar el riesgo para la salud y el bienestar. La androgenia, en asociación con la obesidad, aumenta el riesgo de padecer diabetes, hipertensión, dislipidemia, arterosclerosis, enfermedades cardiovasculares, colelitiasis, artrosis, artritis, carcinomas femeninos y otras patologías de la edad mediana. El ejercicio físico ha adquirido cada vez mayor importancia dentro de la terapéutica en el climaterio. Se han demostrado los efectos positivos del ejercicio sobre las enfermedades cardiovasculares y el mantenimiento del peso. Por todo ello, el estudio pretende conocer la influencia de un programa de actividad física de cinco meses de duración sobre factores de riesgo cardiovasculares como la hipertensión arterial y la composición corporal en mujeres premenopáusicas. Participaron 20 mujeres premenopáusicas, separadas en dos grupos de mujeres: menores de 35 años (n=10), y mayores de 35 años (n=10). Las valoraciones previas y al finalizar el programa fueron: valoración de la tensión arterial y de la composición corporal. Los resultados mostraron una reducción significativa en mayor medida en la tensión arterial diastólica y en la masa grasa en el grupo de mujeres mayores de 35 años premenopáusicas. Por ello, practicar un programa de ejercicio físico basado en el aeróbic, clases de step y tonificación con mancuernas, mejora factores de riesgo cardiovasculares como la hipertensión arterial y la composición corporal en mujeres adultas mayores de 35 años premenopáusicas.
Atención a la diversidad desde una visión interdisciplinaria: resultados del Trabajo Final de Graduación de un grupo de estudiantes de las carreras de Educación Preescolar y Especial
Authors: Delgado Obregón Paola , Hernández Barboza Grettel , León Arce Heidy , Morera Calvo Laura , Morera Villarebia Silvia Elena , Obregón Vargas Roxana
Published: November 2019

Recibido 23 de marzo de 2010 • Aceptado 24 de junio de 2010 • Corregido 24 de agosto de 2010

 

 

 

En la actualidad, el tema sobre diversidad está siendo estudiado, particularmente, en el ámbito de la formación docente. Con el fin de entender este concepto y de conocer los retos que demanda este estudio, por medio de la investigación-acción se busca encontrar un panorama real de cómo la diversidad es atendida en los contextos rurales guanacastecos. Esto se logra identificando aquellas maneras que permitan orientar la labor docente, para lo cual se toma en consideración la planificación educativa y la participación de los diversos sectores involucrados en los procesos de enseñanza y de aprendizaje.
Dimes y diretes de un proyecto de centro: el caso de la Escuela Laboratorio en Heredia
Authors: Dobles Trejos Cecilia , Hernández Vargas Dora María , León Arce Heidy
Published: November 2019

Recibido 03 de febrero de 2010 • Aceptado 17 de marzo de 2010 • Corregido 28 de julio de 2010

 

 

 

En este artículo se hace una revisión de algunas de las características más relevantes de la Escuela Laboratorio de Heredia, Costa Rica, que permiten reconocer los aciertos y tropiezos que una experiencia innovadora de un proyecto de centro, logra y enfrenta dentro del sistema educativo nacional. Se hace una descripción del modelo pedagógico de la escuela y se incluye, además, la visión de los distintos involucrados en cuanto a esta propuesta. Se evidencian las distintas posiciones de los actores que viven y reflexionan cotidianamente en el centro educativo.
La experiencia de alfabetización de personas adultas como proceso de aprendizaje en la formación docente
Authors: Flores Davis Luz Emilia , Hernández Segura Ana María
Published: November 2019

Recibido 01 de febrero de 2010 • Aceptado 17 de marzo de 2010 • Corregido 30 de abril de 2010

 

El aprendizaje se construye en la significación, por lo que promover experiencias que generen sentido y gozo, constituye un reto en la formación docente. En este artículo se comparten las reflexiones emanadas de una investigación que recaba la experiencia de alfabetización de personas adultas que realizan estudiantes universitarias o universitarios en el marco de su formación, la cual crea un proceso de aprendizaje que propicia el respeto a la diversidad y la valoración de la lectura y escritura como liberación del ser humano. El trabajo evidencia los aprendizajes construidos, las formas de respeto a la diversidad que emergen de la experiencia de alfabetización, y el valor que el estudiantado otorga a la lectura y escritura como expresión liberadora.
El reconocimiento de las identidades educativas en la construcción del proyecto de escuela
Authors: Dobles Trejos Cecilia , Hernández Vargas Dora María , León Arce Heidy
Published: November 2019

Recibido 03 de febrero de 2009 • Aceptado 17 de marzo de 2010 • Corregido 28 de julio de 2010

 

 

El presente artículo recoge las ideas centrales construidas durante un proceso de investigación que permitió una aproximación al estudio de la construcción de las identidades escolares. El abordaje que se realiza parte, no solamente de un análisis sobre la forma como se construyen y se articulan las identidades convergentes en la dinámica de una institución educativa y su relación con la propuesta educativa nacional, sino de la identificación, a partir de ese análisis, de algunas posibles líneas de acción en torno a la formación de profesionales en educación.
La participación del Comité de Apoyo Educativo en el abordaje pedagógico de la integración educativa
Authors: Fontana Hernández Angélica , Durán Chacón Karla , Martínez Ramírez Viviana , Rojas Molina Viviana , Vargas Navarro Adriana
Published: November 2019

Recibido 22 de marzo de 2010 • Aceptado 24 de junio de 2010 • Corregido 03 de agosto de 2010

 

 

 

Los servicios educativos son esenciales en el desarrollo social y económico de los pueblos, principalmente, para el progreso de todos los sectores de la sociedad. Establecer acciones que promuevan la participación de los diversos grupos sociales es esencial para mejorar su calidad de vida y la construcción de una sociedad más justa y respetuosa de los derechos humanos, sin ningún tipo de discriminación ni de exclusión.

En los últimos años, el sistema educativo costarricense ha experimentado cambios significativos, debido al abordaje pedagógico de la educación integradora, en la cual se atiende a aquellos estudiantes con necesidades educativas que requieren diferentes apoyos y recursos especializados para su formación y desarrollo integral.

Por lo anterior, en la División de Educación Básica del Centro de Investigación en Docencia y Educación, se generó la inquietud de investigar sobre la participación del Comité de Apoyo Educativo en los proceso de integración educativa y, de esta forma, determinar las funciones que realiza en el contexto educativo. Según el Reglamento de la Ley 7600 Igualdad de Oportunidades para las Personas con Discapacidad, este comité es la instancia a la cual le corresponde regular el acceso a la educación mediante la definición de los apoyos requeridos por el grupo estudiantil que presenta necesidades educativas, así como asesorar y capacitar al personal docente y administrativo en los centros educativos tanto públicos como privados del país.

También, se pretende indagar el papel que desempeña el docente de Educación Especial al interno de este comité, así como conocer las percepciones de los docentes y de los padres de familia acerca de las funciones que realiza dicho comité.
Perfil del docente en el enfoque basado en competencias
Authors: Álvarez Margarita María
Published: November 2019

Recibido 03 de noviembre de 2010 • Aceptado 09 de marzo de 2011 • Corregido 13 de mayo de 2011 La educación basada en competencias contiene el potencial para convertirse en un plan eficaz tendiente a mejorar el aprendizaje del estudiantado y, de esta manera, prepararle para abordar el trabajo futuro. Pero este enfoque requiere de un largo proceso de reformas, lo que implica, necesariamente, la transformación de los actores educativos: docentes y estudiantes. Ya que grupo de docentes constituye uno de los pilares de la educación basada en competencias, en este artículo se presentan las necesarias características o perfiles de docentes universitarios para abordar este enfoque.