The Regulatory and Organizational Support of National Security in Ukraine
Authors:   Research Centre for Industrial Problems of Development of NAS of Ukraine, Khaustova Viktoriia Ye. , Hubarieva Iryna O. ,   Research Centre for Industrial Problems of Development of NAS of Ukraine, Trushkina Nataliia V. ,   Research Centre for Industrial Problems of Development of NAS of Ukraine
Published: January 2025

At the present stage, Ukraine faces complex issues related to serious challenges to its State sovereignty and territorial integrity as a result of russian aggression. In this regard, the problems of national security, the search for ways and means to ensure it are of particular relevance. The solution to these problems implies, first of all, the definition of the foundations and principles of national security and defense, the goals and principles of State policy that will guarantee protection from threats to society and every citizen. With this in mind, the aim of this study is to analyze and generalize the regulatory and organizational support of Ukraine’s national security in order to identify shortcomings and develop proposals for its improvement. Based on the analysis of the current legislative and legal frameworks for regulating the development of the national security and defense system of Ukraine, the need to amend and supplement a number of regulations has been proved, taking into account the peculiarities of the legal regime of martial law. It is found that some strategic documents do not fully meet the modern requirements for the functioning of the security and defense sector and do not take into account military risks and threats. As a result of the study, it is determined that for the formation and development of the system of ensuring national security, it is necessary to develop the Conception (Fundamentals) of National Security of Ukraine as a State document that reflects the general idea for the implementation of the State policy in this direction. This conceptual document should define interests, factors that pose threats to national interests and security, areas of activity to protect vital interests and countering the contemporary threats and challenges. While pursuing its objectives, it should include the following constituent elements: identification of objects and subjects of threats to national security in modern conditions; determination of objects of protection; a mechanism for identifying the vital interests of the country, spheres and features of their implementation; identification of subjects whose activities harm the vital interests of the individual, society and the State; determination of signs that indicate the commission of actions that harm the vital national interests of the State; determination of the main factors and conditions prevailing in the field of security; analysis of the features and mechanisms of harm to vital interests; determining the competence and relationships of bodies that carry out activities to ensure national security; formation of a set of measures for the implementation of vital interests in all spheres of life of society; activities to counter threats and localize their consequences (development and implementation of operational and long-term measures to prevent, detect and forecast internal and external threats, as well as neutralize the sources of their origin). In addition, it is expedient to elaborate the Doctrine of National Security of Ukraine as a set of official views on the purpose, functions, principles and methods of ensuring the national security of Ukraine in a specific spheres of life of society (for example, in the military, defense, economic, energy spheres, etc.). Taking into account the best world practices (the experience of Great Britain or the Netherlands), it is necessary to pay special attention to the formation of a system for assessing risks and threats to the national security of Ukraine. For this purpose, it is necessary to develop such regulatory documents as the «National Risk Profile», «National Register of Risks of Emergencies in the Field of Civil Protection», etc. The article builds a structural and logical scheme of the formation of the system of ensuring national security of Ukraine, which allows determining and delimiting the powers of various State structures and bodies in the spheres of national security and defense.