bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of
J/ψ
production in electron-ion collisions
Authors: Chu Zexuan , Chen Jinhui , Wang Xiang-Peng , Xing Hongxi
Published: January 2025

Within the framework of nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) effective field theory, we study the leptoproduction of J/ψ at next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD for both unpolarized and polarized electron-ion collisions. We demonstrate that the J/ψ-tagged deep inelastic scattering in the future Electron-Ion Collider can be served as a golden channel for reasons including constraining NRQCD long-distance matrix elements, probing the nuclear gluon distribution functions, as well as investigating the gluon helicity distribution inside a longitudinal polarized proton.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Time-Resolved X-Ray Spectroscopy from the Atomic Orbital Ground State Up
Authors: Jost Daniel , Lomeli Eder G. , Tang Ta , Kas Joshua J. , Rehr John J. , Lee Wei-Sheng , Jiang Hong-Chen , Moritz Brian , Devereaux Thomas P.
Published: January 2025

X-ray spectroscopy has been a key method to determine ground- and excited-state properties of quantum materials with atomic specificity. Now, new x-ray facilities are opening the door to the study of pump-probe x-ray spectroscopy—specifically, time-resolved x-ray absorption (trXAS) and time-resolved resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (trRIXS). In this paper, we will present simulations of each of these spectroscopies using a time-domain full atomic multiplet, charge-transfer Hamiltonian adapted to study the properties of a generalized cluster model including a central transition-metal ion caged by ligand atoms in a planar geometry. The numerically evaluated trXAS and trRIXS cross sections for representative electron configurations 3d9 and 3d8 demonstrate the insights that can be obtained from charge-transfer pumping and how this nonequilibrium process affects ground- and excited-state properties. The straightforward characterization of the excitations in these systems based on our analysis of the simulations can serve as a benchmark for future experiments, as access to these time-resolved spectroscopic techniques becomes more widely available.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
An advanced approach combining solid-state NMR with powder diffraction applied to newly synthesized isothiouronium salts
Authors: Rohlíček Jan , Eigner Václav , Czernek Jiří , Brus Jiří
Published: January 2025

The focus here is on the structural study of isothiouronium salts and the application of intermolecular distances obtained by solid-state NMR (ssNMR) in determining crystal structures from powder diffraction data. The synthesis of three new tetrafluoroborate salts and two bromide salts of isothiouronium compounds is presented first, followed by structural and spectroscopic studies. The tetrafluoroborates were further analysed using advanced ssNMR techniques to obtain a set of intermolecular 19F...13C, 11B...11B, 1H...1H and 13C...1H distances with an estimation of their precision. These distances were subsequently used as restraints in the crystal structure determination process from simulated powder diffraction data. The results show that using intermolecular distances obtained by ssNMR can increase the probability of finding the correct solution, creating new opportunities for the structural analysis of poorly diffracting compounds. This approach paves the way for solving more complex substances, such as solvates, cocrystals or complex polymorphs with many independent molecules, where traditional powder X-ray diffraction methods often reach their limits.
SARAh – web representational analysis
Authors: Wills Andrew S.
Published: January 2025

The online software server SARAh–webRepresentational Analysis is introduced. It replaces the previous Windows-versions of SARAh–Representational analysis and SARAh–Refine, and related theory. The new suite of web apps carries out a range representational analysis calculations, including those based on the works of Kovalev, Bertaut, Izyumov, Bradley, Cracknell, Birman and Landau, for magnetic structures and electronic properties within frameworks based on the crystallographic space groups and point groups. Irreducible representations are sourced from the works of Kovalev, tabulated and computations are carried out on a server using Mathematica.
Do the innovative technological advancements foster the green transition pathways for industry 5.0? A perspective toward carbon neutrality
Authors: Dhayal Karambir Singh , Giri Arun Kumar , Agrawal Rohit , Agrawal Shruti , Samadhiya Ashutosh , Kumar Anil
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Industries have been the most significant contributor to carbon emissions since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. The transition to Industry 5.0 (I5.0) marks a pivotal moment in the industrial revolution, which aims to reconcile productivity with environmental responsibility. As concerns about the decline of environmental quality increase and the demand for sustainable industrial methods intensifies, experts recognize the shift toward the I5.0 transition as a crucial turning point.

Design/methodology/approach

This review study explores the convergence of green technological advancements with the evolving landscape of I5.0, thereby presenting a roadmap toward carbon neutrality. Through an extensive analysis of literature spanning from 2012 to 2024, sourced from the Scopus database, the research study unravels the transformative potential of green technological innovations, artificial intelligence, green supply chain management and the metaverse.

Findings

The findings underscore the urgent imperative of integrating green technologies into the fabric of I5.0, highlighting the opportunities and challenges inherent in this endeavor. Furthermore, the study provides insights tailored for policymakers, regulators, researchers and environmental stakeholders, fostering informed decision-making toward a carbon-neutral future.

Originality/value

This review serves as a call to action, urging collective efforts to harness innovation for the betterment of industry and the environment.
Examining the mediating role of ICT regulatory environment on the effects of ICT use on economic development
Authors: Alhassan Muftawu Dzang , Adam Ibrahim Osman , Iddrisu Abdulai , Salifu Mubarik , Abdallah Abdul Salam
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine linkages between information and communication technology (ICT) use, the ICT regulatory environment and economic development. Businesses and individuals worldwide are increasingly depending on ICTs to facilitate trade and enhance their standard of living. This trend has sparked the argument that ICTs play a crucial role in driving economic development. However, the rise of ICTs has also led to challenges, including cybercrime, intellectual property violations and cyberwarfare, prompting questions about the need for regulation. In spite of these pressing issues, there is a notable lack of empirical research on the relationship between the use of ICTs (by businesses and individuals), their regulation and economic development.

Design/methodology/approach

Because of the limited empirical evidence regarding the connections between ICT use, ICT regulations, and economic development, this study aims to explore these relationships. The authors specifically examine the mediating role of ICT regulations in the impact of ICT use on economic development, as well as the direct effects of ICT use on economic development. To achieve this, the authors develop a hypothesised model that is validated using the technology–organisation–environment framework and capability theory. Additionally, the authors analyse secondary data from 130 countries using partial least squares-structural equation modelling.

Findings

The findings of this study show that both business and individual use of ICTs positively influences economic development. Furthermore, the authors discovered that ICT regulation plays a positive and partial mediating role in the relationship between ICT use and economic development. To encourage users to continue leveraging ICTs to enhance their livelihoods and foster economic growth, it is essential for governments and policymakers to implement effective ICT regulations that protect users’ information resources from illegal access.

Originality/value

The study’s primary contribution to research is its examination of the relationship between ICT usage by businesses and individuals, ICT regulation, and economic development on a global scale. By using secondary data sources, the study delivers rich, comprehensive, and generalisable findings on how the use of ICTs drives economic development. Additionally, through mediation analysis, the authors demonstrate that the presence of ICT regulations aimed at ensuring online privacy and security enhances both business and individual utilisation of ICTs, thereby promoting economic development.
Implementation of good documentation practices and good storage and distribution practices for medical products in female penitentiary in Costa Rica
Authors: Mendez-Sandoval Sofia , León Chavarria Javier Alonso , Castro Mejía Carlos , Vargas Cabezas Sebastián , Quirós Orozco Eva Diana
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This paper aimed to the enhancement of health-care services at a female penitentiary center in Costa Rica by implementing good documentation practices (GDocP) and good storage and distribution practices (GSDP) among the staff responsible for medications (SRM).

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology used in this project was qualitative, as it sought to deepen and reinforce the knowledge of the SRM about GDocP and GSDP in the Vilma Curling CAI to achieve its implementation. Additionally, different questionnaires were applied to measure the initial level of knowledge of GDocP and GSDP and the new skills acquired by the SRM at the end of the project.

Findings

Some improvement opportunities were identified in pharmaceutical service, management of the documentary system and knowledge of GDocP and GSDP among SRM. It is important to highlight the essential role of pharmacists, as experts in medical products, in health-care teams. Their participation significantly contributes to improving health outcomes for vulnerable populations, such as incarcerated women.

Research limitations/implications

Limitations included a small sample size, the security regulations to entry to the penitentiary center and limited information related to the implementation of GDocP and GSDP in such environment.

Originality/value

This project explores a poorly researched field such as the implementation of GDocP and GSDP and the impact that this could have on the pharmaceutical service of a penitentiary center.
Opportunities and challenges of strategic planning in the context of circular economy: an exploratory analysis
Authors: Ferrari Aline Gabriela , Jugend Daniel , Armellini Fabiano , Seles Bruno Michel Roman Pais
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to explore relationships between strategic planning and the adoption of the circular economy (CE), addressing a gap in current research about the role strategic planning plays in supporting the implementation of CE.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve the objective of this research, case studies were conducted at four Canadian companies with well-established environmental sustainability strategies.

Findings

The findings highlight the importance of engaging both internal and external stakeholders in facilitating knowledge exchange, as it is essential for strategic planning in CE initiatives. Additionally, the commitment of companies to circularity principles and the use of formal strategic planning tools are identified as valuable assets in the integration process. The study also presents and analyzes the challenges of integrating CE into companies’ strategic planning.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the existing literature by shedding light on the interplay between strategic planning and CE adoption, offering insights into the complexities and opportunities involved in integrating CE principles into organizational strategies. A framework for the integration of CE into strategic planning is also proposed.
Transforming HR into a strategic partner: a case study of organizational redesign for sustainable growth
Authors: Douglas Stephanie , Haley Gordon R.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This case study aims to explore the transformative role of human resources (HR) in driving organizational strategy. It focuses on how HR leaders in a multi-site physical therapy company led a comprehensive redesign of roles, processes, and organizational structures to align with business objectives and adapt to dynamic market conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a human-centered design (HCD) approach, HR leaders identified misalignments through stakeholder engagement and data analysis. Combining qualitative feedback with quantitative data, the HR team developed a systematic understanding of the organization and implemented strategic changes, including role clarification and resource optimization.

Findings

The transformation led by HR resulted in significant improvements in role clarity, employee engagement, and operational scalability. Outcomes included equitable role distributions for leadership, enhanced accountability frameworks and employee skill development. These changes positioned the organization for sustainable growth and heightened HR’s role as a strategic partner.

Research limitations/implications

Future research could explore longitudinal impacts of HR-led strategic transformations on organizational performance across diverse industries.

Practical implications

Organizations can leverage the findings to empower HR as a strategic partner, aligning people strategies with business goals to achieve competitive advantage. The study underscores the importance of HR’s involvement in organizational design and capability development for future readiness.

Originality/value

This case demonstrates HR’s evolving role from administrative support to strategic business leadership. It highlights the innovative use of HCD to align workforce and organizational design with business strategy. The study provides a replicable framework for organizations seeking to address operational inefficiencies and foster resilience.
Association of Sleep Duration and Daytime Napping With Risk of Hyperuricemia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xinwen , Wei Guangcheng , Zhang Xieyu , Guo Junyi , Zhao Jiahe , Li Xiaoxu , Zhao Xin , Shi Jinjie , Yang Yue , Fan Su , Wang Hongli , Zhi Kai , Zhu Ke , Du Jieyang , Cao Wei
Published: January 2025

Background

Hyperuricemia (HUA), marked by elevated serum urate levels, is increasingly prevalent worldwide. The relationship between lifestyle factors such as sleep duration, daytime napping, and HUA risk remains unclear. Although some studies suggest that sleep variables, including short or long sleep durations and napping, may influence serum uric acid levels, results are inconsistent.

Methods

A systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched until February 2024. The data were extracted, and the quality of the study was assessed independently by two reviewers.

Results

Ten studies involving a total of 231 978 participants were included. Short sleep duration was related to higher risk of HUA (odds ratio (OR) 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.18), while long sleep duration had no significant effect (OR 0.98, 95% CI: 0.89–1.07). The risk of HUA and daytime napping was statistically significant(OR 1.34, 95% CI: 1.12–1.61).

Conclusions

Short sleep duration and prolonged daytime napping are associated with an increased risk of HUA. These findings suggest that sleep patterns should be considered in lifestyle interventions for HUA prevention. Further research is required to establish causal relationships.
Antimicrobial Component Concentrations in the Milk of Peripartum Goats
Authors: Sun Jin‐Kun , Liang Zi‐Long , Nii Takahiro , Suzuki Naoki , Isobe Naoki
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to investigate changes in milk conditions and antimicrobial components in goats during 8 weeks prepartum and 1 week postpartum. Milk was collected weekly from seven prepartum goats 8 weeks before the due day, immediately, and 1 week after parturition. Milk color scores and the concentration of antimicrobial components (cathelicidin‐7 and S100A8) were significantly increased prepartum. There was a significant decrease in milk viscosity, color scores, somatic cell count, and antimicrobial components (lactoferrin and cathelicidin‐2, 7) after kidding. However, S100A7 levels did not change throughout the prepartum or postpartum periods. These results indicate that concentrations of cathelicidin‐7 and S100A8 differ between prepartum and postpartum periods. Therefore, these microbial components may play different roles in mastitis prevention. The findings of our study provide important information for regulating antimicrobial components in ruminants to prevent bacterial invasion during the peripartum period.
Palmitic Acid in the Diet of Dairy Goats and Its Effect on Physicochemical Characteristics and Fatty Acid Profile of Goat Kid Meat
Authors: Bautista‐Martínez Yuridia , Maldonado‐Jáquez Jorge Alonso , Orzuna‐Orzuna José Felipe , Arenas‐Báez Pablo , Granados‐Rivera Lorenzo Danilo
Published: January 2025

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of incorporating palmitic acid into the diet of dairy goats on the physicochemical characteristics, nutritional value, and fatty acid profile of goat kid meat. For this, 28 Creole local kids were used, divided into the following treatments: grazing, kids fed milk from grazing goats; base diet, kids fed milk from goats in confinement with a total mixed ration; base diet + 3PA, kids fed milk from goats in confinement that consumed the base diet plus 3% palmitic acid; and base diet + 6PA, kids fed milk from goats in confinement fed with the base diet plus 6% palmitic acid. The feeding period was conducted over a 30‐day period. Live weight, average daily gain, carcass weight, and carcass yield were higher (p ≤ 0.01) in kids from the base diet + 6PA treatment than in the other treatments. The proportion of stearic, elaidic, linoleic, CLA, oleic, and docosahexaenoic fatty acids was higher (p ≤ 0.05) in meat from kids fed with grass‐fed milk. In contrast, kids from the base diet + 3PA and base diet + 6PA treatments had a higher (p ≤ 0.05) proportion of palmitic and palmitoleic acids. The addition of palmitic acid to goat feed improves growth rate and carcass yield and modifies the fatty acid profile in kid meat.
Relationships Between Genetic Parameters in the Component Traits of a Ratio Trait and the Distribution and Heritability of Such Ratio Trait
Authors: Satoh Masahiro
Published: January 2025

The relationships between the distribution and heritability of a ratio trait and the genetic parameters of its component traits were clarified using a Monte Carlo computer simulation. The component traits of a ratio trait were assumed to be normally distributed. The genetic parameters of the ratio trait were estimated using parent–offspring regression. As the genetic and environmental correlations ( and ) of the component traits increased, the variance, skewness, and kurtosis of the ratio trait decreased. The amount of decrease had a greater effect on than on . The estimated heritability of the ratio trait decreased as increased and as decreased. The estimated heritability of a ratio trait can be higher than the heritability of any of its component traits.
Social psychology of context and in context: Understanding the temporal, spatial and embodied dimensions of contemporary geopolitics
Authors: Obradović Sandra , Vincze Orsolya , Sammut Gordon
Published: January 2025

Critical voices within social psychology have, for some time, emphasized that context matters for understanding psychological phenomena and processes. This special issue examines what a social psychology of context, and in context, can contribute to understanding contemporary geopolitics. We argue that, in examining the interplay between social psychology and contemporary geopolitics, we can understand how geopolitical contexts shape psychological processes and how psychology, in turn, informs our understanding of geopolitical phenomena. There are two thematic strands of the special issue; first, how psychological mechanisms influence perceptions and actions within geopolitical contexts, and second, how geopolitics shapes psychology as a discipline, including its theoretical frameworks and power dynamics. Papers examine three dimensions within which psychology and geopolitics meet—the temporal, spatial and embodied—representing history, geography and social relations, while emphasizing their interconnectedness. Drawing on critical geopolitics and social psychology, this introduction underscores the constructed, contested and political nature of time and space. By interlinking historical and social meaning with spatialization, this issue offers a deeper understanding of how individuals, groups and nations create and contest the psychological and geopolitical landscapes that shape contemporary life. The contributions highlight both the opportunities and challenges for social psychology in engaging with these critical intersections.
Artificial intelligence streamlines scientific discovery of drug–target interactions
Authors: Yang Yuxin , Cheng Feixiong
Published: January 2025

Drug discovery is a complicated process through which new therapeutics are identified to prevent and treat specific diseases. Identification of drug–target interactions (DTIs) stands as a pivotal aspect within the realm of drug discovery and development. The traditional process of drug discovery, especially identification of DTIs, is marked by its high costs of experimental assays and low success rates. Computational methods have emerged as indispensable tools, especially those employing artificial intelligence (AI) methods, which could streamline the process, thereby reducing costs and time consumption and potentially increasing success rates. In this review, we focus on the application of AI techniques in DTI prediction. Specifically, we commence with a comprehensive overview of drug discovery and development, along with systematic prediction and validation of DTIs. We proceed to highlight the prominent databases and toolkits used in developing AI methods for DTI prediction, as well as with methodologies for evaluating their efficacy. We further extend the exploration into three primary types of state‐of‐the‐art AI methods used in DTI prediction, including classical machine learning, deep learning and network‐based methods. Finally, we summarize the key findings and outline the current challenges and future directions that AI methods face in scientific drug discovery and development.
Cardiovascular and locomotor effects of binary mixtures of common ‘bath salts’ constituents: Studies with methylone, methylenedioxypyrovalerone and caffeine in rats
Authors: Seaman Robert W. , Galindo David G. , Stinson Benjamin T. , Sulima Agnieszka , Rice Kenner C. , Javors Martin A. , Ginsburg Brett C. , Collins Gregory T.
Published: January 2025

Background and Purpose

The use of ‘bath salts’ drug preparations has been associated with high rates of toxicity and death. Preparations often contain mixtures of drugs, including multiple synthetic cathinones or synthetic cathinones and caffeine. Little is known about the interactions of ‘bath salts’ constituents and adverse effects often reported by users.

Experimental Approach

This study used adult male Sprague–Dawley rats to characterise the cardiovascular effects, locomotor effects and pharmacokinetics of methylone, methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and caffeine, administered alone and as binary mixtures. Dose‐addition analyses were used to determine the effect levels of a strictly additive interaction for dose pairs.

Key Results

Methylone, MDPV and caffeine increased heart rate (HR) and locomotion, with methylone producing the largest increase in HR, MDPV producing the largest increase in locomotor activity and caffeine being the least effective in stimulating HR and locomotor activity. MDPV and caffeine increased mean arterial pressure (MAP), with caffeine being more effective than MDPV. The nature of the interactions between methylone and MDPV tended towards sub‐additivity for all endpoints, whereas interactions between MDPV or methylone and caffeine tended to be additive or sub‐additive for cardiovascular endpoints, and additive or supra‐additive for increases in locomotion. No pharmacokinetic interactions were observed between individual constituents, but methylone appeared to display nonlinear pharmacokinetics at the largest dose evaluated.

Conclusion and Implications

These findings demonstrate that ‘bath salts’ preparations can impact both cardiovascular and locomotor effects and suggest that interactions among constituent drugs could contribute to the ‘bath salts’ toxidrome reported by human users.
A Scalable System for Visual Analysis of Ocean Data
Authors: Jain Toshit , Singh Upkar , Singh Varun , Boda Vijay Kumar , Hotz Ingrid , Vadhiyar Sathish S. , Vinayachandran P. N. , Natarajan Vijay
Published: January 2025

Oceanographers rely on visual analysis to interpret model simulations, identify events and phenomena, and track dynamic ocean processes. The ever increasing resolution and complexity of ocean data due to its dynamic nature and multivariate relationships demands a scalable and adaptable visualization tool for interactive exploration. We introduce pyParaOcean, a scalable and interactive visualization system designed specifically for ocean data analysis. pyParaOcean offers specialized modules for common oceanographic analysis tasks, including eddy identification and salinity movement tracking. These modules seamlessly integrate with ParaView as filters, ensuring a user‐friendly and easy‐to‐use system while leveraging the parallelization capabilities of ParaView and a plethora of inbuilt general‐purpose visualization functionalities. The creation of an auxiliary dataset stored as a Cinema database helps address I/O and network bandwidth bottlenecks while supporting the generation of quick overview visualizations. We present a case study on the Bay of Bengal to demonstrate the utility of the system and scaling studies to evaluate the efficiency of the system.
Impact of Implant Mesiodistal Distance on Peri‐Implant Bone Loss: A Cross‐Sectional Retrospective Study
Authors: Liu Wenwen , Zhu Fangyu , Han Lu , Li Pei , Wang Hom‐Lay
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of our previously proposed mesiodistal distance for multiple posterior implants on preserving peri‐implant bone, and to provide a measurable criterion for predicting implant prognosis.

Methods

One hundred and two patients with dental implants placed in the posterior free‐end edentulous arches were recruited in this cross‐sectional study. Calibrated X‐rays (peri‐apical [PA] or bite‐wing x‐ray) were collected to measure the mesiodistal space as well as the corresponding bone resorption of implants after prosthesis placement. Implants were assigned to the test/control group according to whether their mesiodistal distance following our proposed algorithm. After adjusting covariates, logistic multivariate regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between inter‐implant distance and marginal bone loss (MBL) during each follow‐up interval. The effect of smoking habits was also analyzed.

Results

Every observation period exhibited great significance between experimental and control group on peri‐implant bone level (p = 0.006, 0.005, 0.001, 0.025, 0.001, correspondingly) and the difference had a tendency to grow as time went by except 4‐year (MD = −0.19, −0.39, −0.43, −0.30, −1.26, correspondingly). While no significant difference was observed between smokers and nonsmokers in the same group (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The mesiodistal algorithm of 4–4.6 mm (implant to adjacent canine tooth), 7–7.4 mm, 8–8.5 mm, and 9–9.5 mm was proved to be effective for maintaining peri‐implant bone level. It was also observed in our study that the impact of inter‐implant distance outweighed that of smoking. This study provided clinicians predictable prognostic outcomes for implants and reference for deciding treatment plans.
Unveiling the Potential: Artificial Intelligence's Negative Impact on Teaching and Research Considering Ethics in Higher Education
Authors: Nadim Muhammad Amin , Di Fuccio Raffaele
Published: January 2025

Higher education has witnessed remarkable technological advancements; however, the rapid rise of generative artificial intelligence (Gen AI) presents substantial challenges for teaching and research. This growing reliance has expanded educators' roles, underscoring the need for ethical and selective AI integration while preparing students and researchers for an AI‐driven future. Adopting an argumentative perspective, this article analyzes core insights from comparative literature and key reports that highlight Gen AI's potential to diminish critical thinking and negatively impact educational outcomes. Although Gen AI holds transformative promise, its swift expansion raises significant concerns about its long‐term implications for education. This research emphasises the need to address Gen AI's drawbacks, advocating for greater awareness and equitable educational practices that support both teaching and learning in academic contexts. Ultimately, the article calls for professional development to equip educators with responsible AI skills, fostering a balanced and ethical approach to Gen AI integration in higher education.
Job loss and reemployment of newly diagnosed people with epilepsy: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Han Su‐Hyun , Park Sang Min , Yum Sujin , Moon Hye‐Jin , Lee Hyesung , Lee Seo‐Young , Lee Sang‐Ahm
Published: January 2025

Objective

Epilepsy has negative socioeconomic impacts on those affected, resulting not only from actual disability but also from social stigma. However, longitudinal studies examining occupational consequences following an epilepsy diagnosis are limited. We aimed to investigate the occupational outcomes of newly diagnosed epilepsy among Korean employees.

Methods

We conducted a nationwide population‐based retrospective cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. We included newly diagnosed people with epilepsy (PWE) aged 25 to 54 years, identified by diagnostic codes and antiseizure medication (ASM) prescriptions, who were employed at diagnosis between 2004 and 2018. The employment status of PWE was determined based on their enrollment in the employer‐provided health insurance scheme. We analyzed the rates of job loss and reemployment, associated factors, and income changes following diagnosis.

Results

Among the 13 122 newly diagnosed PWE, the overall first‐year job loss rate across the study period was 21.7%, which was 1.62–2.54 times higher than that of the general population for each year. The excesses of job loss among PWE in safe occupations were comparable to those in safety‐sensitive occupations. Central nervous system illness (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.12), psychiatric disease (aHR = 1.19), ≥2 emergency room visits or hospitalizations (aHR = 3.00), and ≥4 ASM attempts (aHR = 1.26) increased the risk of job loss. Among individuals who lost their job during the first year, 22.4% were reemployed within 1 year, with similar risk factors hindering reemployment. The income distribution of regained jobs showed a downward shift compared to previous jobs.

Significance

Newly diagnosed PWE were at risk of job loss, irrespective of the occupational hazards related to seizures. Poor disease control and comorbidities partially contributed to unemployment. Alongside active seizure management, guidance for suitable occupations and the implementation of tailored restrictions based on occupational risk stratification are imperative to improve the job security of PWE.
Enhancing Fracture Performance of Non‐Conductive Composite Adhesively Bonded Joints With Magnetically Aligned MWCNT/Fe₃O₄ Hybrid Nanofillers
Authors: Ghanbari Yousef , Fatolahi Amir Reza , Khoramishad Hadi
Published: January 2025

The Mode‐I fracture behavior of non‐conductive composite adhesively bonded joints (ABJs) reinforced with multi‐walled carbon nanotube/iron oxide (MWCNT/Fe₃O₄) hybrid nanofillers aligned in different directions was studied using double cantilever beam (DCB) tests. Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were chemically coated onto MWCNTs to explore the practical potential of these produced magnetically controllable nanofillers in high‐tech industries that require precise nanofiller alignment in specific directions. Nanofillers were aligned within the ABJ adhesive layer using a low magnetic field at 0°, 45°, and 90° relative to the crack growth path, verified by Raman spectroscopy. ABJs with 90° alignment exhibited the highest fracture energy, surpassing unreinforced and randomly dispersed specimens by 136% and 41%, respectively. In contrast, 0°‐alignment showed the lowest fracture energy, while 45° alignment demonstrated intermediate performance. Cohesive zone modeling simulated the ABJ damage behavior, and the effects of nanofiller alignment on macro and microscale fracture mechanisms were assessed using optical and scanning electron microscopy.
The Kids Pain Collaborative: A Hybrid Type 3 Implementation Effectiveness Study Transforming Paediatric Pain Care in the Emergency Department
Authors: Williams Suzanne , Keogh Samantha , Herd David , Riggall Sharonn , Glass Roselyn , Slaughter Eugene , Jones Lee , Douglas Clint
Published: January 2025

Aim

To evaluate the impact of a participatory, action‐oriented implementation study, guided by the integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework, for optimising pain care processes in a tertiary paediatric emergency department.

Design

Hybrid type 3 implementation effectiveness.

Methods

A collaborative appraisal of the context and culture of pain care informed two interdependent action cycles: Enabling nurse‐initiated analgesia and involving families in pain care. The Kids Pain Collaborative, an authentic clinical–academic partnership, was central to facilitating successful implementation. Summative evaluation explored the impact of implementation on processes of pain care using an interrupted time series analysis and emotional touchpoint interviews with families.

Results

Staff achieved clinically important and sustained improvements in the rate of nurse‐initiated analgesia and pain assessment. Family involvement in pain care shifted from task‐orientated practices towards more person‐centred ways of working and decision‐making. As capacity for collective leadership developed, frontline staff found ways to integrate the KPC approach into ED systems to lead pain care innovation beyond the life of the research project.

Conclusions

The Kids Pain Collaborative, as the overarching implementation strategy, created a practitioner‐led coalition for change. Successful implementation was facilitated by working with four interdependent principles: Collaborative and authentic engagement; enabling context for cultural transformation; creating safe spaces for critical reflection and workplace learning; and embedding sustainable practice change.

Impact

A multi‐level model of internal–external facilitation enabled sustained improvement in pain care practice. An embedded researcher was pivotal in this process.

Patient Contribution

Authentic engagement of clinicians and families was pivotal in transforming systems of pain care and enabling a culture where "it is not ok for children to wait in pain"

Implications for Practice

The principles underpinning the Kids Pain Collaborative are transferable to other emergency department and acute care contexts.

Reporting Method

Standards for Reporting Implementation Studies checklist.
The Development and Feasibility Testing of the Nurse‐Led Transitioning Adolescents Off Cancer Treatment (TACT) Intervention
Authors: Larsen Elna Hamilton , Ålykkja Anette , Mellblom Anneli Viktoria , Ruud Ellen , Wahl Astrid Klopstad , Lie Hanne C.
Published: January 2025

Aim

To develop and assess the feasibility of a nurse‐led intervention aimed at improving the transition from cancer treatment to survivorship for adolescents by providing personalised information and psychosocial and self‐management support.

Design

Intervention development through co‐creation with adolescent patients with cancer, their parents and health care professionals, based on the MRC framework and qualitative feasibility testing.

Methods

The intervention development involved three steps: (a) identifying the problem through interviews with key stakeholders and by reviewing existing evidence on transition tools and practices; (b) designing the intervention through co‐creation workshops with stakeholders and (c) assessing feasibility, acceptability and participants' experiences of the intervention through interviews with adolescents, parents, healthcare professionals and teachers.

Results

The Transitioning Adolescents with Cancer off Treatment (TACT) intervention was developed, and feasibility was tested between October 2021 and October 2022. TACT included two nurse‐led consultations addressing transition concerns and a videoconference with local support networks to inform and activate stakeholders. Communication tools were developed and successfully used to address adolescents' needs, tailor information and support self‐management.

Conclusion

The nurse‐led TACT intervention appears feasible and acceptable for clinical practice, with no major changes needed. Participants reported that the intervention helped prepare adolescent cancer patients to transition to survivorship by providing tailored information and psychosocial and self‐management support.

Impact

Despite high survival rates of childhood cancers and the growing awareness of the challenges adolescents and their families face when transitioning off treatment to survivorship, few interventions are available. The novel TACT intervention indicates that nurses are well‐positioned to provide broad, tailored care addressing survivors' multi‐faceted needs and challenges associated with this transition.

Report Method

Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ).

Patient or Public Contribution

Adolescent survivors, their parents, nurses and physicians involved in their care contributed through co‐creation groups, contributing feedback that shaped and refined the TACT intervention.
Recommendations for Mental Health Chatbot Conversations: An Integrative Review
Authors: Nieminen Heidi , Vartiainen Anna‐Kaisa , Bond Raymond , Laukkanen Emilia , Mulvenna Maurice , Kuosmanen Lauri
Published: January 2025

Aim

To identify and synthesise recommendations and guidelines for mental health chatbot conversational design.

Design

Integrative review.

Methods

Suitable publications presenting recommendations or guidelines for mental health conversational design were included. The quality of included publications was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. Thematic analysis was conducted.

Data sources

Primary searches limited to last 10 years were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ACM Digital Library and EBSCO databases including APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, APA PsycArticles and MEDLINE in February 2023 and updated in October 2023. A secondary search was conducted in Google Scholar in May 2023.

Results

Of 1684 articles screened, 16 publications were selected. Three overarching themes were developed: (1) explicit knowledge about chatbot design and domain, (2) knowing your audience and (3) creating a safe space to engage. Results highlight that creating pleasant and effective conversations with a mental health chatbot requires careful and professional planning in advance, defining the target group and working together with it to address its needs and preferences. It is essential to emphasise the pleasant user experience and safety from both technical and psychological perspectives.

Conclusion

Recommendations for mental health chatbot conversational design have evolved and become more specific in recent years. Recommendations set high standards for mental health chatbots. To meet that, co‐design, explicit knowledge of the user needs, domain and conversational design is needed.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Mental health professionals participating in chatbot development can utilise this review. The results can also inform technical development teams not involving healthcare professionals directly.

Impact

Knowledge of developing mental health chatbot conversations appears scattered. In mental health chatbots, features that enhance the chatbot's ability to meet users' needs and increase safety should be considered. This review is useful for developers of mental health chatbots and other health applications used independently.

Reporting Method

This integrative review was reported according to PRISMA guidelines, as applicable.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization and Periodontitis in Adolescents: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Franco Marcela Mayana Pereira , Ribeiro Cecilia Claudia Costa , Ladeira Lorena Lúcia Costa , Brondani Mario Augusto , Thomaz Erika Bárbara Abreu Fonseca , Alves Cláudia Maria Coelho
Published: January 2025

Aim

To investigate the association between molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and periodontitis in adolescents.

Methods

A population‐based study was undertaken of Brazilian adolescents aged 18 and 19 years (n = 2515). MIH was assessed according to Ghanim's criteria. The outcomes were Periodontitis Indicators, a continuous latent variable estimated on the basis of the common variance shared by the indicators bleeding on probing (BoP), probing pocket depth (PPD ≥ 4 mm) and clinical attachment level (CAL ≥ 3 mm), as well as periodontitis cases defined according to CDC‐AAP. Structural equation modelling was used, and the models were adjusted for lower socioeconomic status, sex, smoking, triglycerides/high‐density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) (mg/dL) and visible plaque index. Two other approaches were used for sensitivity analysis: (i) logistic regression, considering the effect of MIH on periodontitis (CDC/AAP) at the individual level, and (ii) multilevel regression to evaluate the association of MIH with CAL and PPD, considering the tooth as the unit of analysis, adjusted for other tooth‐level and individual‐level variables.

Results

The prevalence of MIH was 16.86% (n = 423). Individuals with MIH had higher values of the Periodontitis Indicators through a direct pathway (standardized coefficient [SC] = 0.193, p < 0.001) and indirectly mediated by biofilm (SC = 0.263, p < 0.001). MIH was also associated with periodontitis according to CDC‐AAP (SC = 0.071, p < 0.001) and indirectly mediated by biofilm (SC = 0.344, p < 0.001). Consistently, lower socioeconomic status, sex, TG/HDL and biofilm were associated with both periodontal outcomes. Tooth‐level sensitivity regression analysis confirmed the association observed in individual‐level analyses.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that adolescents with MIH are susceptible to periodontitis, and it is therefore important to monitor their periodontal health.
Impacts of Time‐to‐Freeze on Quality Attributes of Low‐Moisture Part‐Skim Mozzarella Cheese
Authors: Bunker Helen , Chandran Monisha , Vishwakarma Siddharth , Heldman Dennis R. , Maleky Farnaz
Published: January 2025

This research investigated the effect of time‐to‐freeze (TTF) on key quality attributes of low‐moisture part‐skim (LMPS) Mozzarella cheese, including browning, free oil formation and meltability. Thin slabs (4‐mm) of LMPS Mozzarella were frozen at four different rates: in a still air freezer (−22°C), in a non‐isothermal blast freezer (−30°C), in a temperature‐controlled bath (−30°C), and in an ethanol‐dry ice bath (−70°C), with TTF ranging from 0.4 to 95 min. Numerical simulations of the transient heat conduction equation provided temperature profiles that were compared with the experimental data for all freezing methods. Frozen samples were stored at −22°C for 15–18 h, then thawed and analyzed for browning, free oil formation, and meltability using spectrophotometry and modified Schreiber tests. TTF variations did not significantly affect the quality attributes, but samples with a TTF of 95 min had higher levels of free surface water compared to unfrozen cheese. The formation of free surface oil increased significantly after TTF durations of 1.2, 19, and 95 min compared to unfrozen samples. Surface browning decreased after 95 min, likely due to the higher free water content. Rapid freezing methods, such as the ethanol‐dry ice bath (−70°C), are effective for quick freezing, but the still air freezer yielded better quality cheese. Cheese frozen in a still air freezer exhibited less redness (a*) and more lightness (L*), indicating reduced surface browning. Additionally, it retained more free surface water, enhancing the structural integrity and overall quality of LMPS Mozzarella.
Plasma adiponectin and biomarker‐confirmed Alzheimer's disease in a tertiary memory clinic
Authors: Sindzingre Louise , Bouaziz‐Amar Elodie , Mouton‐Liger François , Cognat Emmanuel , Dumurgier Julien , Götze Karl , Martinet Matthieu , Vrillon Agathe , Paquet Claire , Lilamand Matthieu
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with early metabolic dysfunction and adiponectin, which may play a pathophysiological role. Adiponectin is implicated in the regulation of energy homeostasis, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism, as well as in inflammation modulation. The aim of this study was to study whether plasma adiponectin levels were different between patients with AD confirmed by biomarkers and neurological control subjects. We performed a monocentric, retrospective, cross‐sectional, observational study in AD patients and neurological controls recruited from daily clinical practice in a tertiary memory clinic. Plasma adiponectin levels were measured using a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. We analyzed the relationship between adiponectin and AD using linear regression models including age, gender, and BMI. We also described the distribution of adiponectin concentrations, across age, and gender categories. Two hundred and six patients (142 AD patients and 64 neurological controls) were included, with mean age = 68.8 ± 10.0 years, and 56% were women. Higher adiponectin concentrations were observed in females and in older adults. Plasma adiponectin levels were significantly higher in AD patients (mean = 6.45 ± 3.42 μg/mL) than neurological controls (4.85 ± 3.54 μg/mL) (p < .001). This association was mediated by age, gender, and BMI, which were significantly and independently associated with plasma adiponectin levels (p < .01 for each), while adiponectin was no longer associated with AD in multivariate models. Patients with AD showed higher adiponectin levels, but this association was driven by older age, female gender, and lower BMI in the AD group. Further studies are needed to better characterize the hormonal signature of AD.
The Allocation of Socially Responsible Capital
Authors: GREEN DANIEL , ROTH BENJAMIN N.
Published: January 2025

Portfolio allocation decisions increasingly incorporate social values. We develop a tractable framework to study how competition between investors to own socially valuable assets affects social welfare. Relative to the most common social‐investing strategies, we identify alternative strategies that result in higher impact and higher financial returns. We identify strategies for investors to have impact when impact is difficult to measure. From the firm's perspective, increasing profitability can have greater impact than directly increasing social value. We present new empirical evidence on the social preferences of investors that demonstrates the practical relevance of our theory.