bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnitude of Undernutrition and Associated Factors among Infants and Young Children aged 6-23 Months in Sinan district, Northwest Ethiopia Amhara regional state: A crossectional study
Authors: Amera Mastewal Giza , Feyira Gemechu Kumera , Moges Nurilign Abebe , Mengistu Enyew Fenta , Bizu Yihenew Sewale
Published: January 2021

Background: Childhood undernutrition continues to be the most serious public health problem in the developing world particularly in the rural area. Determining the nutritional status among children less than two years is needed to plan a good nutrition intervention and to provide nutrition education to the community. Despite this, there is limited research conducted in the study area.Objective: To assess undernutrition and associated factors among infants and young children aged 6-23 months in Sinan District, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019.Methods: A Community -based cross-sectional study was conducted among 431 child-mother pairs from March 10, 2019-April 20, 2019 in Sinan District. WHO Anthro software (version 3.2.2) was used to generate the Z-scores. Data were entered using Epi-Data version 4.2 and analysis was done using SPSS version 25. Bivariable and multivariable binary Logistic Regression were fitted. In the multivariable analysis, p-values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant factors. Results: The magnitude of stunting, underweight and wasting were 48.7%, 21.7%, and 8% respectively. Less than two times the daily intake of food (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.5, 9.3). Being older child (12-23 months) (AOR=0.46, 95% CI, 0.22, 0.96) and low dietary diversity score (AOR=0.53, 95% CI, (0.30, 0.92) were significantly associated with undernutrition. Additionally, not having a hand washing facility in the toilet was a significant predictor for both wasting and underweight. Conclusion: The prevalence of undernutrition among infants and young children was higher compared with the previous studies. Low dietary diversity score, lower meal frequency, being an older child, and absence of hand washing facility in the toilet were factors related to the nutritional status. Hence, interventions targeting community management of undernutrition might be appropriate to manage the problem. Efforts should also be intensified to reduce by focusing on identified determinants and the provision of nutrition education to mothers focusing on appropriate feeding practices to improve children’s nutritional status in the study area.
Characterization of self-anticipated surgical pain prior to general anesthesia - a prospective observational study
Authors: Chang Wei-Shu , Hsieh Yi-Ting , Chen Moa-Chu , Chang Shu-Ching , Chen Tzu-Shan , Chang Yun-Chi , Lam Chen-Fuh , Tsai Yu-Chuan
Published: January 2021

Background: Current postoperative pain management principles are primarily based on the type and extent of surgical interventions. This clinical study measured patient’s self-anticipated pain score before surgery and compared the scores with the pain levels and analgesic requirements after surgery.Methods: This prospective observational study recruited consecutive patients who received general anesthesia for elective surgeries in E-Da Hospital (Taiwan) between June and August 2018. Patients were asked to subjectively rate their highest anticipated pain level (numerical rating scale, NRS 0-10) for their scheduled surgical intervention during their preoperative anesthesia assessment. After the operation, the actual pain intensity (NRS 0-10) experienced by the patient in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) and the total dose of opioids administered during the perioperative period were recorded. Pain scores ³4 on the NRS were regarded as being unacceptable levels of anticipated or postoperative pain.Results: A total of 857 patients were included in the study. The final database included 49.2% males, and 73.7% of them have had previous operations. The mean anticipated pain score was 4.9±2.5 and 72.2% of the patients reported an anticipated NRS ³4 before their operations. Females anticipated significantly higher overall pain intensities than male patients (adjusted odds ratio 1.695, 95% confidence interval 1.252-2.295; P=0.001). Patients over 40 years of age reported significantly lower overall anticipated NRS scores (4.78±2.49 vs 5.36±2.50; P=0.003). Patients scheduled to receive more invasive surgical procedures were more likely to anticipate high pain intensity in the preoperative period (P<0.001). Higher anticipated pain scores (preoperative NRS³4) were associated with higher actual postoperative pain levels (P=0.032) in the PACU and higher total equivalent opioid use (P=0.001) for acute pain management during the perioperative period.Conclusion: This observational study found that females, younger patients (£40 years), and patients scheduled for more invasive surgeries anticipate significantly higher surgery-related pain. Therefore, appropriate preoperative counseling for analgesic control and management of exaggerated pain expectation in these patients are necessary to improve the quality of anesthesia delivered and patient’s satisfaction.
Explore the self-care needs in patients with cancer; a qualitative content analysis
Authors: Mazhari Fariba , khoshnood zohreh
Published: January 2021

Background‏: Cancer is one of the most critical health problems worldwide today. Studies by different researchers have shown that disease can reduce people's ability to self-care. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate Self-care needs in patients with cancer‏.Methods‏:‏ This study is a conventional, qualitative content. Data saturation achieved after interviewing 13 participants in 15 interviews. With the in-depth semi-structured approach, the participants were asked to narrate their experiences of Self-care needs in the process of disease. The analysis was done according to Graneheim and Lundman's method, the following considered: the unit of analysis, meaning unit, condensation, code, sub-category‏,‏ category, and main category‏.Results‏: Data analysis leads to two main categories of the two main categories of "Deficiency in management of disease". Including three sub-categories: "the need to get rid of annoying physical symptoms"," Need for a caregiver in daily routine," and" Feeling frustrated and giving up treatment". The second main category of "the need for sympathetic and knowledgeable caregivers" with the following five sub-categories: "Need for sympathy and interaction with nurse", "the need to hear the truth about illness", " Need for appropriate therapeutic interaction from physicians", "Inadequate qualification of physicians' secretary about the patient", and" need for a psychologist for psychological adaptation‏. "Conclusion‏:‏ The most critical needs are compassionate and informed caregivers. So nursing management and care with kindness, competence, and conscience is the fundamental right of patients with cancer. Identifying the needs and problems of patients can be used as a background for increasing the knowledge and experience of nurses and providing care for patients with cancer‏.
Reframing the magnetotelluric phase tensor for monitoring applications: improved accuracy and precision in strike determinations.
Authors: Bravo-Osuna Ana Gabriela , Gómez-Treviño Enrique , Cortés-Arroyo Olaf Josafat , Delgadillo-Jáuregui Néstor Fernando , Arellano-Castro Rocío Fabiola
Published: January 2021

The magnetotelluric method is increasingly being used to monitor electrical resistivity changes in the subsurface. One of the preferred parameters derived from the surface impedance is the strike direction, which is very sensitive to changes in the direction of the subsurface electrical current flow. The preferred method for estimating the strike changes is that provided by the phase tensor because it is immune to galvanic distortions. However, it is also a fact that the associated analytic formula is unstable for noisy data, something that limits its applicability for monitoring purposes, because in general this involves comparison of two or more very similar data sets. One of the issues is that the noise complicates the distribution of estimates between the four quadrants. This can be handled by sending all values to the same quadrant by adding or subtracting the appropriate amount. This is justified by showing that the analytic formula is also a least squares solution. This is equivalent to define penalty functions for the matrix of eigenvalues and then select the minima numerically. Contrary to the analytic formula this numerical approach can be generalized to compute strikes using windows of any number of periods, thus providing tradeoffs between variance and resolution. The performance of the proposed approach is illustrated by its application to synthetic data and to real data from a monitoring array in the Cerro Prieto geothermal field, México.
Closed Reduction of Severely Angulated Rockwood and Wilkins’ Type C Thumb Metacarpal Base Fractures in Children
Authors: Qiao Fei , Jiang Fei
Published: January 2021

Background： Management of severely angulated Rockwood and Wilkins’ type C(RW-C) thumb metacarpal base fractures in children is challenging. We report experiences of percutaneous leverage reduction and dual antegrade crossing Kirschner (DACK) wire fixation in these fractures, aiming to assess the results using our reduction technique.Methods：From October 2011 to September 2015, A total of 17 patients with severely angulated RW-C thumb metacarpal base fractures were treated at our hospital. The injured arm, including the entire first ray, was immobilized with a thumb-spica cast for 4-6 weeks and evaluated radiologically and clinically. Percutaneous leverage reduction and DACK wire fixation were successfully performed for 17 patients. No patients were treated with open reduction. 16 patients were followed up for a mean of 32 months (range 24-41 months). The results were assessed using the modified Mayo score. The level of significance was set to be p<0.05.Results：There were 9 girls and 7 boys with ages ranging from 7.5 to 14.0 years and an average age of 10.8 years. Percutaneous leverage reduction and DACK wire fixation were successfully performed within an average total surgery time of 20 minutes (range 12-32 minutes). Bone union was achieved in all patients within a mean time of 4.2 weeks (range 4-6 weeks). The average angulation (preoperation: 50.5° (range 40.8°–67.0°) vs postoperation: 5° (range 0.0°–7.0°)) significantly changed from before to after surgery (P<0.05). The clinical results were evaluated by the modified Mayo score, and there were 15 patients with an excellent outcome and one patient with a good outcome. Cosmetic results were described as good and satisfactory by all patients. There were no refractures and no incidences of nonunion, growth arrest in the proximal epiphysis. Only one patient suffered from a superficial infection, which was resolved after the removal of the k-wires and the administration of oral antibiotics. Conclusion： Our percutaneous leverage technique with DACK wire fixation can be successfully used to treat these fractures. This technique is simple to learn and minimally invasive, and the results are satisfactory. It may be an appropriate choice for the treatment of irreducible RW-C fractures.
Gunshot injuries: patterns, presentations, and outcomes of civilian hospital experiences in a developing country setting
Authors: Gismalla Mohamed Daffalla Awadalla , Bakhiet Mohammed , Koko Mohammedbabalrahma , Kabbashi Abdelrahim
Published: January 2021

Background Gunshot injuries are considered a burden as well as one of the intricate emergencies in civilian medical practice. In this study, we aim to determine the pattern of presentation and management outcome in a general hospital in a sub-Saharan country.Methods This is a retrospective, descriptive, hospital-based study conducted between January 2015- December 2019 in a general teaching hospital, to review the clinical presentation and management outcome of gunshot injuries. All patients’ records were reviewed during the study period.Results One hundred fifty-seven patients were included in the study, with male predominant 83%. 40% are between 19-30 years of age, with patients under 18 years of age comprising 17% of the population. The common cause of gunshot injuries was personal enmity in 49%. The anatomical sites most affected by gunshot were the lower limb (41.4%) and upper limb (22.9%), and the least impacted site is the perineum (1.9%). The most common diagnoses among the patients in this study were limb fractures (49.7%) and soft tissue injuries (28.7%). Specific treatment in this study is wound debridement, which was done for 91 (58.0 %) patients. Bone fixation, laparotomy, and chest tube insertion were done for the rest of the patients. More than 120 (75%) of patients were treated and discharge in a good condition and 27 (17.2%). The in-hospital mortality rate in this study group was 3.2 %.Conclusion Most of the patients in this study were young males. Upper and lower limb fractures are the most common presentations. Wound debridement, bone fixation, and laparotomy are the most common treatments with significant success rates, despite prolonged hospital stay.
Transcriptome regulation of carotenoids in five flesh-colored watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)
Authors: Yuan Pingli , Umer Muhammad Jawad , He Nan , Zhao Shengjie , Lu Xuqiang , Zhu Hongju , Gong Chengsheng , Diao Weinan , Gebremeskel Haileslassie , Kuang Hanhui , wenge liu
Published: January 2021

Background: Fruit flesh color in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a great index for evaluation of the appearance quality and a key contributor influencing consumers' preferences, but the molecular mechanism of this intricate trait remain largely unknown. Here, the carotenoids and transcriptome dynamics during the fruit development of cultivated watermelon with five different flesh colors were analyzed.Results: A total of 13 carotenoids and 16781 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 1295 transcription factors (TFs) were detected in five watermelon genotypes during the fruit development. The comprehensive accumulation patterns of carotenoids were closely related to flesh color. A number of potential structural genes and transcription factors were found to be associated with the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway using comparative transcriptome analysis. The differentially expressed genes were divided into six subclusters and distributed in different GO terms and metabolic pathways. Furthermore, we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis and predicted hub genes in six main modules determining carotenoid contents. Cla018406 (a chaperone protein dnaJ-like protein) may be a candidate gene for β-carotene accumulation and highly expressed in orange flesh-colored fruit. Cla007686 (a zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein) was highly expressed in the red flesh-colored watermelon, maybe a key regulator of lycopene accumulation. Cla003760 (membrane protein) and Cla021635 (photosystem I reaction center subunit II) were predicted to be hub genes and may play an essential role in yellow flesh formation.Conclusions: The composition and contents of carotenoid in five watermelon genotypes vary greatly. A series of candidate genes were revealed through combined analysis of metabolites and transcriptome. These results provide an important data resource for dissecting the candidate genes and molecular basis governing flesh color formation in watermelon fruit.
Identification of lncRNAs associated with the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Huang Dan , Liu Jian , Wan Lei , Fang Yanyan , Long Yan , Zhang Ying , Bao Bingxi
Published: January 2021

Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the sacroiliac joint. To date, few studies have examined the association between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and AS pathogenesis. As such, we herein sought to characterize patterns of AS-related lncRNA expression and to evaluate the potential role played by these lncRNAs in this complex autoimmune context. Methods: We conducted a RNA-seq analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples isolated from five AS patients and corresponding controls. These data were then leveraged to characterize AS-related lncRNA expression patterns. We further conducted GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the parental genes encoding these lncRNAs, and we confirmed the validity of our RNA-seq data by assessing the expression of six lncRNAs via qRT-PCR in 15 AS and control patient samples. Pearson correlation analyses were additionally employed to examine the associations between the expression levels of these six lncRNAs and patient clinical index values. Results: We detected 56575 total lncRNAs in AS and control patient samples during our initial RNA-seq analysis, of which 200 and 70 were found to be up- and down-regulated (FC > 2 or < 0.05; P<0.05), respectively, in AS samples relative to controls. In qRT-PCR validation assays, we confirmed the significant upregulation of NONHSAT118801.2, ENST00000444046, and NONHSAT183847.1 and the significant downregulation of NONHSAT205110.1, NONHSAT105444.2, and NONHSAT051856.2 in AS patient samples. We further found the expression of NONHSAT118801.2 and NONHSAT183847.1 to be positively correlated with disease severity. Conclusion: Overall, our findings highlight several lncRNAs that are specifically expressed in PBMCs of AS patients, indicating that they may play key functions in the pathogenesis of this autoimmune disease. Specifically, we determined that NONHSAT118801.2 and NONHSAT183847.1 may influence the occurrence and development of AS.
Reliability of genomic variants across different next-generation sequencing platforms and bioinformatic processing pipelines
Authors: Weißbach Stephan , Sys Stanislav Jur`Evic , Hewel Charlotte , Todorov Hristo , Schweiger Susann , Winter Jennifer , Pfenninger Markus , Torkamani Ali , Evans Doug , Burger Joachim , Everschor-Sitte Karin , May-Simera Helen , Gerber Susanne
Published: January 2021

BackgroundNext Generation Sequencing (NGS) is the fundament of various studies, providing insights into questions from biology and medicine. Nevertheless, integrating data from different experimental backgrounds can introduce strong biases. In order to methodically investigate the magnitude of systematic errors in single nucleotide variant calls, we performed a cross-sectional observational study on a genomic cohort of 99 subjects each sequenced via (i) Illumina HiSeq X, (ii) Illumina HiSeq, and (iii) Complete Genomics and processed with the respective bioinformatic pipeline. We also repeated variant calling for the Illumina cohorts with GATK, which allowed us to investigate the effect of the bioinformatics analysis strategy separately from the sequencing platform's impact. Results The number of detected variants/variant classes per individual was highly dependent on the experimental setup. We observed a statistically significant overrepresentation of variants uniquely called by a single setup, indicating potential systematic biases. Insertion/deletion polymorphisms (indels) were associated with decreased concordance compared to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The discrepancies in indel absolute numbers were particularly prominent in introns, Alu elements, simple repeats, and regions with medium GC content. Notably, reprocessing sequencing data following the best practice recommendations of GATK considerably improved concordance between the respective setups.ConclusionWe provide empirical evidence of systematic heterogeneity in variant calls between alternative experimental and data analysis setups. Furthermore, our results demonstrate the benefit of reprocessing genomic data with harmonized pipelines when integrating data from different studies.
Assessment of necessity of neuronavigation in localization of clavarial extra-axial lesions in the setting of limited resources.
Authors: Soffar Hussein , Alsawy Mohamed F.
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: Neuronavigation is a very beneficial tool in modern neurosurgicalpractice. However, the neuronavigation is not available in most of the hospitals in our country raising the question about its importance in localizing the clavarial extra-axial lesions and to what extent it is safe to operate without it.METHODS: We studied twenty patients with clavarial extra-axial lesions who underwent surgical interventions. All lesions were preoperatively located with both neuronavigation and the usual linear measurements. Both methods were compared regarding the time consumed to localize the tumor and the accuracy of each method to anticipate the actual center of the tumor.RESULTS: The mean error of distance between the planned center of the tumor and the actual was 6.50±1.762 mm in conventional method, whereas the error was 3.85±1.309 mm in IGS method. Much more time was consumed during the Neuronavigation method including booting,registration, positioning. A statistically significant difference was found between the mean time passed in the conventional method and IGS method (2.05±0.826, 24.90±1.334, respectively), P-value<0.001.CONCLUSION: in the setting of limited resources, the linear measurement localization method seems to have an accepted accuracy in localization of clavarial extra-axial lesions and it saves more time than neuronavigation method.
Institutional outbreak involving multiple clades of IMP-producing Enterobacter cloacae complex sequence type 78 at a cancer center in Tokyo, Japan
Authors: Harada Sohei , Aoki Kotaro , Ohkushi Daisuke , Okamoto Koh , Takehana Kazumi , Akatsuchi Tomomi , Ida Keito , Shoji Daigo , Ishii Yoshikazu , Doi Yohei , Moriya Kyoji , Hayama Brian
Published: January 2021

Background: Information about the clinical and microbiological characteristics of IMP-producing Enterobacterales has been limited. Here, we describe an institutional outbreak of IMP-producing Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) involving multiple clades of ECC sequence type (ST) 78 strains.Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, whole-genome sequencing, and conjugation experiments of 18 IMP-producing ECC strains isolated during four-year study period were performed. Species and subspecies were determined by average nucleotide identity analysis and clonal relatedness of the isolates was analyzed with multilocus sequence typing and core-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. Relevant clinical information was extracted from medical records.Results: Fourteen of 18 IMP-producing ECC isolates were determined as Enterobacter hormaechei ST78. Sixteen isolates, including 13 isolates belonging to ST78, carried blaIMP-1 in In316-like class 1 integron and also carried IncHI2 plasmids. Conjugation experiments were successful for 12 isolates carrying blaIMP-1 on IncHI2 plasmids and for an isolate carrying blaIMP-11 on an IncL/M plasmid. Although isolation of ST78 strains was clustered in a 14-months period suggesting nosocomial transmission, these strains were subdivided into three clades by SNP analysis: clade A (n = 10), clade B (n = 1), clade C (n = 3). A part of clonal relatedness was unexpected by the epidemiological information at the time of isolation of the strains. Most of the IMP-producing ECC strains were susceptible to non-b-lactam antibiotics and had relatively low minimum inhibitory concentrations to carbapenems (£4 mg/mL). Four of five infections caused by IMP-producing ECC were treated successfully.Conclusions: Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed the outbreak was caused by three different clades of ST78 strains, where patients had favorable treatment outcome of the infections compared with that caused by Enterobacterales producing other carbapenemases, possibly due to their non-multidrug-resistant phenotype.
Network pharmacology based research into the effect and mechanism of Yinchenhao Decoction against Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Zhiqiang , Lin Tong , Liao Xiaozhong , Li Zeyun , Lin Ruiting , Qi Xiangjun , Chen Guoming , Sun Lingling , Lin Lizhu
Published: January 2021

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma refers to an epithelial cell malignancy with poor prognosis. Yinchenhao decoction (YCHD) showed positive effects on cancers, and associations between YCHD and cholangiocarcinoma remain unclear. This study aimed to screen out the effective active components of Yinchenhao decoction (YCHD) using network pharmacology, estimate their potential targets, screen out the pathways, as well as delve into the potential mechanisms on treating cholangiocarcinoma. Methods: By the traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP) as well as literature review, the major active components and their corresponding targets were estimated and screened out. Using the software Cytoscape 3.6.0, a visual network was established using the active components of YCHD and the targets of cholangiocarcinoma. Based on STRING online database, the protein interaction network of vital targets was built and analyzed. With the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) server, the gene ontology (GO) biological processes and the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) signaling pathways of the targets enrichment were performed. The AutoDock Vina was used to perform molecular docking and calculate the binding affinity. The PyMOL software was utilized to visualize the docking results of active compounds and protein targets. In vivo experiment, the IC50 values and apoptosis rate in PI-A cells were detected using CCK-8 kit and Cell Cycle Detection Kit. The predicted targets were verified by the real-time PCR and western blot methods. Results: 32 effective active components with anti-tumor effects of YCHD were sifted in total, covering 209 targets, 96 of which were associated with cancer. Quercetin, kaempferol, beta-sitosterol, isorhamnetin, and stigmasterol were identified as the vital active compounds, and AKT1, IL6, MAPK1, TP53 as well as VEGFA were considered as the major targets. The molecular docking revealed that these active compounds and targets showed good binding interactions. These 96 putative targets exerted therapeutic effects on cancer by regulating signaling pathways (e.g., hepatitis B, the MAPK signaling pathway, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and MicroRNAs in cancer). Our in vivo experimental results confirmed that YCHD showed therapeutic effects on cholangiocarcinoma by decreasing IC50 values, down-regulating apoptosis rate of cholangiocarcinoma cells, and lowering protein expressions. Conclusion:As predicted by network pharmacology strategy and validated by the experimental results, YCHD exerts anti-tumor effectsthrough multiple components, targets, and pathways, thereby providing novel ideas and clues for the development of preparations and the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.
Development of Space Environment Customized Risk Estimation for Satellites (SECURES)
Authors: Nagatsuma Tsutomu , Nakamizo Aoi , Kubota Yasubumi , Nakamura Masao , Koga Kiyokazu , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Matsumoto Haruhisa
Published: January 2021

Plasma variations in the geospace environment driven by solar wind–magnetosphere interactions are one of the major causes of satellite anomaly. To mitigate the effect of satellite anomaly, the risk of space weather disturbances predicted by space weather forecasting needs to be known in advance. However, the risk of satellite anomaly owing to space weather disturbances is not the same for all satellites, because the risk depends not only on the space environment itself but also on the design and materials of individual satellites. From the viewpoint of satellite operators, it is difficult to apply a general alert level of the space environment to the risk of individual satellites. To provide tailored space weather information, we have developed SECURES (Space Environment Customized Risk Estimation for Satellites) by combining models of the space environment and those of spacecraft charging. In SECURES, we focus on the risk of spacecraft charging (surface/internal) for geosynchronous satellites. For the risk estimation of surface charging, we have combined the global magnetosphere magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model with the satellite surface charging models. For the risk estimation of internal charging, we have combined the radiation belt models with the satellite internal charging models. We have developed prototype products for both types of charging/electrostatic discharge (ESD). The development of SECURES and our achievements are introduced in this paper.
The Analysis of Fertility Quality of Life and the Influencing Factors of Patients with Repeated Implantation Failure
Authors: Ni Ying , Tong Chenye , Huang Limin , Zhou Wenjie , Zhang Aijun
Published: January 2021

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the current status of fertility quality of life (QoL) and explore the influencing factors for infertile women with repeated implantation failure (RIF).Methods: The sample consisted of 137 infertile women with RIF who were under treatment from January 2019 to December 2019 in the Reproductive Medical Center of Ruijin Hospital, affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine in China. A general information questionnaire, FertiQoL scale, perceived social support scale (PSSS), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to analyse the fertility QoL and related factors of RIF patients.Results: The total fertility QoL score of RIF patients was 60.44 ± 11.60. The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that residence, financial difficulties, male infertility, BMI index, depression, and family social support were the main factors that influenced the fertility QoL of RIF patients (adjusted R2 = 0.762).Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, RIF patients’ psychological status must be addressed. Corresponding interventions such as building a sound family and social support system, creating a good medical environment and offering diverse health education should be provided to improve the fertility QoL of RIF patients.
Clinicopathological features and risk factors analysis of lymph node metastasis and long-term prognosis in patients with synchronous multiple gastric cancer
Authors: Chen Liang , Yue Chao , Li Gang , Ming Xuezhi , Gu Rongmin , Wen Xu , Zhou Bin , Peng Rui , Wei Wei , Chen Huanqiu
Published: January 2021

Background As a common malignancy, gastric cancer (GC) remains an important threat to human’s health. The incidence of synchronous multiple gastric cancer (SMGC) has increased obviously with technical advances of endoscopic and pathological examinations. Several studies have investigated the relationship between SMGC and solitary gastric cancer (SGC). However, little is known about the relationship between early and advanced SMGCs, and the independent risk factors of lymph node metastasis and prognosis in SMGC patients remain unclear.Methods We retrospectively collected 57 patients diagnosed as SMGC and underwent radical gastrectomies from December 2011 to September 2019. Epidemiological data and clinicopathological characteristics of all patients were recorded. Postoperative follow-up was performed by telephone or outpatient service. Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was adopted in analysis of categorical data. Continuous data were analyzed by using unpaired t-test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the independent risk factors of lymph node metastasis and tumor recurrence of SMGC.Results There were 45 males and 12 females. The average age was 62.1-year-old. There were 20 patients with early SMGC and 37 patients with advanced SMGC. Most of patients (91.2%) had two malignant lesions. Tumor recurrence occurred in 8 patients, among which 7 patients died from recurrence. The rates of total gastrectomy, tumor size ≥2 cm, poorly-differentiated type, lymph node metastasis, ulcer and nerve invasion and preoperative CEA level were significantly higher in advanced SMGC patients compared to those with early SMGC. Lymphovascular cancer plug and preoperative CA125 were the independent risk factors of lymph node metastasis in patients with SMGC. Lymph node metastasis, nerve invasion and preoperative AFP might be the risk factors of tumor recurrence of SMGC, but need further validation.Conclusions In patients with SMGC, the presence of tumor size ≥2 cm, poorly-differentiated type, lymph node metastasis, ulcer, nerve invasion and relatively high preoperative CEA level might indicate the advanced SMGC. More attention should be paid to lymph node metastasis in SMGC patients with lymphovascular cancer plug and high preoperative CA125. Lymph node metastasis, nerve invasion and preoperative AFP might be associated with recurrence of SMGC, needing further validation.
A Bifunctional Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Involved in the O-Dealkylation and N-Dealkoxymethylation toward Chloroacetanilide Herbicides in Rhodococcus sp. B2
Authors: liu hongming , Yuan Meng , Liu Aimin , Zhu Guo-ping , Sun Li-na
Published: January 2021

Background: The chloroacetamide herbicides pretilachlor is an emerging pollutant. Due to the large amount of use, its presence in the environment threatens human health. However, the molecular mechanism of pretilachlor degradation remains unknown. Results: Now, Rhodococcus sp. B2 was isolated from rice field and shown to degrade pretilachlor. The maximum pretilachlor degradation efficiency (86.1%) was observed at a culture time of 5 d, an initial substrate concentration 50 mg/L, pH 6.98, and 30.1°C. One novel metabolite N-hydroxyethyl-2-chloro-N-(2, 6-diethyl-phenyl)-acetamide was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Draft genome comparison demonstrated that a 32,147-bp DNA fragment, harboring gene cluster (EthRABCDB2), was absent from the mutant strain TB2 which could not degrade pretilachlor. The Eth gene cluster, encodes an AraC/XylS family transcriptional regulator (EthRB2), a ferredoxin reductase (EthAB2), a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (EthBB2), a ferredoxin (EthCB2) and a 10-kDa protein of unknown function (EthDB2). Complementation with EthABCDB2 and EthABDB2, but not EthABCB2 in strain TB2 restored its ability to degrade chloroacetamide herbicides. Subsequently, codon optimization of EthABCDB2 was performed, after which the optimized components were separately expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified using Ni-affinity chromatography. A mixture of EthABCDB2 or EthABDB2 but not EthABCB2 catalyzed the N-dealkoxymethylation of alachlor, acetochlor, butachlor, and propisochlor and O-dealkylation of pretilachlor, revealing that EthD acted as a ferredoxin in strain B2. EthABDB2 displayed maximal activity at 30 °C and pH 7.5. Conclusions: This is the first report of a P450 family oxygenase catalyzing the O-dealkylation and N-dealkoxymethylation of pretilachlor and propisochlor, respectively. And the results of the present study provide a microbial resource for the remediation of chloroacetamide herbicides-contaminated sites.
Knowledge, Perceptions and Effects of Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak on the Pig Value Chain in the Agro-pastoralist District of Luwero, Central Uganda
Authors: Majalija Samuel , Birungi Doreen , Tumwine Gabriel , Kato Charles Drago , Ssekamatte Tonny , Ocaido Michael
Published: January 2021

Background: Ebola outbreaks have continued to affect the health, wellbeing and livelihoods of communities. In particular, Ebola response interventions affect food value chains, food and income security of pig farming communities. There is paucity of information on the effect of Ebola outbreak on the pig value chain as well there is a gap on the knowledge and perceptions of those engaged in the pig value chain on Ebola. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the knowledge, perceptions on the occurrence of Ebola and its effects on the pig value chain in the agro-pastoral district of Luweero, Central Uganda.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in two parishes of Ssambwe and Ngalonkulu, Luwero district. A total of 229 respondents were included in the study. Structured questionnaires, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were conducted to collect data. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS version 22 while qualitative data was analysed using thematic content analysis.Results: Of the 229 respondents, 95.6% could recall the occurrence of the last Ebola outbreak in their locality. The proportion of respondents that associated touching pigs or eating pork with acquisition of Ebola virus was 24.5%. Ebola was perceived as a spiritual manifestation of witchcraft activities. Traditional healers were among the first line of health care providers to Ebola patients in the outbreak. There was no significant association between the perceived human practices such as bush meat consumption, contact with wild animals and acquiring of Ebola virus. The number of pigs sold during the outbreak was significantly reduced (p= 0.001) and this normalized 2 months after the area was declared Ebola free. There was a significant reduction (p= 0.03) in consumption of pork, as well as the unit cost per kilogram of pork during the Ebola outbreak due to fear of acquiring the disease from pork. Conclusion: The study showed that the pig value chain was negatively affected by Ebola outbreak. Therefore, there is need to sensitize the stakeholders on Ebola in order to minimize the negative economic impacts associated with EVD outbreaks.
Copular and AUX-constructions
Authors: Lang Ewald
Published: January 2021

Der vorliegende Band setzt im Anschluß an den Band ZAS Papers in Linguistics 14 (1999) die Vorpublikation von Arbeiten fort, die innerhalb oder im Umkreis des von der DFG geförderten Projekts "Schnittstellen der Semantik: Kopula-Prädikativ-Konstruktionen" am ZAS entstanden sind. Das Rahmenthema, wie es in ZASPiL 14 einleitend knapp umrissen wurde, wird derzeit im Projekt in drei Untersuchungssträngen bearbeitet. Sie beinhalten

(1) die Klärung der in der Literatur auch weiterhin häufig bemühten, aber keineswegs eindeutig verankerten, sondern auf mehrere Domänen zu verteilenden Distinktion von Stage Level Predicates vs. Individual Level Predicates (kurz: SLP/ILP-Problematik);

(2) die Klärung des Situationsbezugs von Kopula-Prädikativ-Konstruktionen (KPK) im Hinblick auf die ontologische Natur, die lexikalische Fundierung und die syntaktische Verwaltung des referentiellen Arguments von KPK (kurz: Argumentstruktur von KPK);

(3) die vertiefte Analyse der notorisch idiosynkratischen Kopulaverben in Prädikationsstrukturen, nicht zuletzt im Hinblick auf diejenigen Vorkommen solcher Verben, in denen sie gemeinhin als "Hilfsverben" gelten, was wiederum eine umfassende Analyse der infiniten Verbformen einschließt (kurz: lexical vs. functional category features).
Media Pembelajaran Matematika Konkret Versus Digital: Systematic Literature Review di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0
Authors: Khairunnisa Gusti Firda , Ilmi Yuli Ismi Nahdiyah
Published: January 2021

The development of technology in the age of the fourth industrial revolution  affects almost every aspect of human lives, including education sector. Therefore, learning innovations are needed in order to meet learning objectives. The objectives are coaching people who are competitive and have 4C skills (communication, collaboration, critical thinking and problem solving, creativity and innovation). One of the learning innovations in mathematics is the application of concrete and digital learning media. To explore and summarize the latest facts related to the concrete and digital mathematics learning media during industry 4.0, the authors of this study conducted a research using Systematic Literature Review method. A total of 30 literatures from various databases were interpreted. A review was drawn on the uses, strengths, and weaknesses of digital and concrete mathematics learning media during industry 4.0. The concrete learning media has advantages which include improving students’ problem solving, creative thinking, and visual thinking skills, but it requires more attention and care. Meanwhile, the advantages of digital learning media include increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of learning mathematics, supporting distance learning, and not requiring special maintenance. Nevertheless, there are still students and teachers who are not familiar with technology, some students do not have gadgets, and there are also inadequate internet networks in some areas.
Analysis of Previous Year University Anatomy Question Papers Based on Content Validity
Authors: D. Geeta Anasuya  , Sheela Grace Jeevamani
Published: January 2021

Background: In the current medical system of education, the students are mainly focusing on passing the examinations rather than improving the knowledge. Judgement making capabilities and clinical application of the knowledge should be assimilated through medical education. The ideal evaluation system is always necessary to determine whether programmed educational objectives have been accomplished. The written examination papers of undergraduate in anatomy and their valid content are the most important tools of assessment. Subjects and Methods: The first MBBS examination papers of Anatomy from the year 2009 to 2013 were collected and analyzed. Results & Conclusion: The appropriate coverage of anatomy subject is essential for validity of an assessment. Even though the content of anatomy written examination papers was given in syllabus, the weightage of various subdivisions of anatomy was not specified.
Influence of some antibiotics and sulfonamides on the microbiological background of the Baikal seal
Authors:   Irkutsk Interregional Veterinary Laboratory, Pliska Anna A.
Published: January 2021

The results of microbiological studies of the material taken from the diseased seal are presented. The taxonomic characteristics of microorganisms, their virulence and antibiotic resistance were studied. Treatment measures were developed and performed. It was found that the seal has the following types of microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus warneri; Proteus vulgaris; Clostridium perfringens, Proteushauseri, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Plesiomonas shigelloides . All pathogens isolated from the seals were sensitive to 60.3% of antibiotics (ampicillin, cefuroxime, cefixime, gentamicin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, furadonin, Ceftriaxone, vancomycin) and resistant to 39.7% of antibiotics, two representatives of cephalosporins (cefaclor and ceftazidim) and ticarcillin.
Pengaruh Reputasi Terhadap Minat Beli Produk Skincare di Shopee
Authors: Agustin Cindy Ayu , Hellianto Gracia Reveria
Published: January 2021

Technological developments have caused changes in consumer shopping behavior from offline to online which has led to the emergence of various types of online marketplace platforms. In this study, we will discuss the impact of seller's reputation, quality of seller services, and customer trust on interest in buying cosmetic products at Shopee. This research is an associative quantitative research with survey method through questionnaires as the main instrument. The results showed that there was a relationship and significant influence between reputation, quality of service sellers, and customer trust on buying intention on skincare product at Shopee.
Komunikasi Antarpribadi pada Pasangan Suami Istri Muda yang Istrinya Tetap Bekerja
Authors: Setiawan Giovani Anggasta
Published: January 2021

This study aims to be able to find facts and the right way to behave and communicate interpersonally for newly married couples especially for wives who continue to work. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method that is a study that describes the object of research based on field studies that are able to show the facts. Researchers get data sources through informants or resource persons, namely young couples newly married. Data is divided into 2 namely primary data and secondary data. Primary data through interviews with sources, secondary data through books, internet, & journals. Several previous studies stated that the lower the level of work conflict, the higher the level of marital satisfaction of a couple. The results of this study indicate that the process of interpersonal communication between newly married couples is very important. In this day and age an objection for a wife can still work to be something that is relative / dependent on each individual. There is nothing that determines that a wife works is a wrong thing. Responding to this, there are 3 things that can be done to maintain the quality of communication between the husband and wife, namely: 1. Understand & fulfill their respective roles in the family, 2. Establish the order of priorities for activities that will be the responsibility of the family, 3. Develop a strategy for interpersonal communication after the two agree on what kind of activities will be undertaken during a married life.
Ṭarīqat al-Miftāh li al-‘Ulūm fī Tarqiyyat Mahārat al-Qirā’ah
Authors: Qulub Ahmad Tibbil , Mufidah Nuril
Published: January 2021

Studying in religious institutions is inseparable from the kitab turats, so the ability to read it well is a must for students. This study aims to describe the process of applying the Miftahul Ulum method in Ma'had An-Nur 2 Al-Murtadho and supporting factors in the learning process using the method. This research was conducted with a qualitative descriptive approach. Observation, interviews, and documentation collected data. The results of this study indicate that the application of the Miftahul Ulum method can improve the ability to read the yellow book. The indicators are: increase in score and learning the ability. This can be seen from teaching and learning activities; students can distinguish the position of the sentence and be able to read the kitab turats well.
Pengembangan Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler Bahasa Arab di Pondok Pesantren
Authors: Khusnah Ni'mah Ziyadatul , Kholisin Kholisin , Nasih Ahmad Munjin
Published: January 2021

This study discusses the development of extracurricular activities in Arabic at Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School, Paiton-Probolinggo, which includes: 1) Types of activities, 2) Planning activities, 3) Implementation of activities, and 4) Evaluating activities. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. The qualitative data in this study included extracurricular activities in Arabic. The data sources of this research are the core management and students in the LPBA. The instrument is the researcher himself (human instrument). Data collection was obtained through the results of distributing questionnaires, interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed a number of things, namely (1) twelve extracurricular activities attended by students at ula and wushta levels with the hope that students often get used to listening to hiwar or Arabic conversations from native Arabs, and can apply them in daily conversations. day (2) Planning activities consist of student organizations, curriculum, schedule arrangements, activity themes, and regulations, (3) This activity is carried out every night after teaching and learning activities (KBM) and Friday from morning to evening, and (4) Evaluation of this activity is carried out once a month with the aim of finding solutions to problems experienced by students.