bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the effect of microorganisms in Arachis pintoi roots on the potential of copper absorption in land
Authors: Dang Nga Diep Yen , Pham Trong Thi Kim
Published: November 2018

The research was carried out to evaluate the potential phytoextraction and phytostability of perennial peanut (Arachis pintoi) and to determine the influence of the isolated microorganisms from the root nodules of Arachis pintoi on coppercontaminated soil to improve the ability of treatment metal in soil pollution. Perennial peanuts were planted in the experimental pots which had unsterilized and sterilized soil. Different quanlities of CuSO4.5H2O were directly homogenized into sieved soil to formulate mixtures containing Cu in concentrations (mg/kg) of 200, 400 and 600. In addition, sterilized soil was contaminated by adding Cu with 400 mg/kg. The other pots had copper- contaminated sterilized soil and was added the isolated microorganisms from the root nodules of Arachis pintoi. Our results showed that the perennial peanut had high phytomass production and grew normally in the soil with 200 mg/kg of Cu. The copper accumulation was determined of 668.2, 107 and 561.2 mg/kg in the whole plant, roots and shoots, respectively in plants which were cultivated in the soil with 200 mg/kg of Cu. In the soil with 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of Cu, the plants showed low biomass production and the plants had been poisonous. Both bioconcentration factors (BCF) and translocation factors (TF) were used to estimate a plant’s potential for the purpose of phytoremediation. The highest BCF and TF for Cu concentrations were 3.341 and 5.24 with 200 mg/kg of Cu, respectively. Both factors were higher than 1 therefore Archis pintoi is a potential plant for copper phytoextraction in copper contaminated sites at the concentration of 200-400 mg/kg. The isolated microrganism from the root nodules of Arachis pintoi on copper- contaminated soil was Burkholderia kururiensi PR1, which was a species of proteobacteria and stimulated plant growth. However, the result showed that Burkholderia kururiensi is unable to resistant to concentration of copper (25 mg/L). More research on the other isolated microorganisms of the root system to enhance the Cu accumulation in plants should be carried. Finally, these results showed the potential of the heavy metal phytoextraction of the perennial peanut in contaminated soil. It is easy to apply because of the low cost.
Manusia dalam Tinjauan Falsafah Pendidikan Hasan Langgulung
Authors: Badruzaman Badruzaman
Published: November 2018

Hasan Langgulung is one of the Southeast Asian Muslim thinkers who devoted much attention to the Islamization of Science, especially in the field of education and psychology. He issued to combine modern western thoughts with regard to Islam. Hasan Langgulung died on August 2, 2008 at the age of 74 years. During the time, he has made many articles and books in various languages, philosophies and Islamic studies. Like English, Arabic, Indonesian and Malay, even some of them read back to other languages like the Philippines.The journal is a library research. Data writing techniques emphasize text analysis and study, library research is done by collecting literature related to research material, whether in the form of books, magazines, articles or opinions and the primary book in this research is the book of Man and Education: A Psychological Analysis and Education, Principles of Islamic Education, Islamic Education and Civilization, Creativity and Islamic Education: Analysis of Psychology and Philosophy, Islamic Education Faces the 21st Century, Some Thoughts on Islamic Education by Hasan Langgulung. According to Hasan Langgulung; humans are essentially created to carry out the duty of service to the creator (‘abdullah) and his duty as the caliph of Allah (Khal?fatullah) on the face of the earth. The purpose in humans with the religion of Islam is: (1) so that humans carry out their functions as caliphs, and (2) so that humans always serve God.
Konsep Pendidikan Wirausaha dan Kemandirian bagi Anak Panti Asuhan
Authors: Mubarok Zahid , Tanjung Hendri , Tamam Abbas Mansur
Published: November 2018

The problem of education in Indonesia at this time has not produced independent students. Education held in schools or other educational institutions also lacks creativity for students and has not yet produced innovative students and has not been able to motivate high learning. There are still many educational institutions that do not teach entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurial education has not been widely invested in students from an early age. This research is qualitative research (qualitative research) . The data in this study were obtained through library research ( library research).) The data compiled consists of written materials that have been published in the form of books, journals and magazines as well as from the internet that have direct and indirect links with this research. Entrepreneurship education aims to form a whole person ( holistic), as a person who has the character, understanding and skills as an entrepreneur, so the results are obtained awareness of the importance of values, the formation of the character of entrepreneurship into the behavior of students everyday through the learning process. An entrepreneur in his mind always tries to find, utilize, and create business opportunities that can provide benefits. Loss risk is normal because it holds the principle that a loss factor must exist. In fact, the greater the risk of loss that will be faced, the greater the profit opportunities that can be achieved. There is no loss term as long as someone does business with courage and calculation. This is what is called the entrepreneurial spirit.
Pesantren Salafiyah dan Responnya di Era Globalisasi
Authors: Indra Hasbi
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif yang bersumber pada pemikiran para ahli melalui buku, jurnal dan lainnya melalui pendekatan normatif, filosofis dan sosiologis. Penelitian ini hendak menggambarkan bagaimana pesantren yang memiliki santri 1.800.00 lebih menyiapkan diri di era globalisasi yang penuh dinamika dan tantangan. Pesantren salafiyah lahir di era Walisongo di masa penjajahan Belnda. Lembaga ini didirikan oleh masyarakat yang saat ini sudah menyebar ke seluruh pelosok Indonesia. Dari jumlah santri 29.000 dari jenis kombinasi, modern dan salafiyah, jumlah 18.232 pesantren salafiyah dengan santri 1.8 juta lebih dari 3.800.000 lebih. Di pesantren ini santri hanya belajar ilmu agama melalui kitab-kitab ulama klasik (kitab kuning) tidak mempelajari sains seperti MIFA. Pesantren ini sedang menghadapi fenomena globalisasi. Globalisasi ditandai oleh hubungan manusia yang tidak terbatas, melalui faksimil,, manusia mendapat informasi dari tempat yang sangat jauh baik informasi yang menyedihkan seperti perang tentara amerika dengan tentara Irak serta tentara ISIS yang membumihanguskan peninggalan bersejrah masa keemasan Islam. Majunya teknologi di era globalisasi menjadi tantangan pendidikan pesantren. Produks pesantren salafiyah harus menyiapkan dirinya dengan ilmu agama, non agama dan skill dan sudah mengenal alat-alat teknologi pembelajaran di pendidikannya, dengan demikian santrinya siap berkompetsi di era globalisasi ini, untuk itu lembaga ini harus dikelola secara profesional.

Kata kunci: Pesantren Salafiyah, Globalisasi, IPTEK
Studi Kasus Model Sistem Pembelajaran Siswa Berbasis Pondok Pesantren di PP Daar El Ihsan Kota Serang
Authors: Sari M. , Saepudin Didin
Published: November 2018

Fokus penelitian ini: (1) Mengidentifikasi kebijakan Pimpinan PP terhadap pelaksanaan sistem pembelajaran siswa berbasis pondok pesantren (PP). (2) Mengidentifikasi keberhasilan pembelajaran siswa berbasis pondok pesantren. (3) Mengidentifikasi hambatan dan solusi dalam pelaksanaan sistem pembelajaran siswa berbasis Pondok Pesantren di Pesantren Daar El-Ihsan. Melalui rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini, yaitu (1) Bagaimana kebijakan Pimpinan PP Daar El Ihsan terhadap pelaksanaan sistem pembelajaran siswa yang berbasis Pondok Pesantren? (2) Bagaimana keberhasilan pembelajaran siswa berbasis pondok pesantren? (3) Apa hambatan dan solusi dalam pelaksanaan sistem pembelajaran siswa berbasis Pondok Pesantren di PP Daar El Ihsan? Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metode kualitatif deskriptif, Proses pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kepustakaan, observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah dalam bentuk pertanyaan dan pernyataan yang diberikan kepada Pimpinan PP Daar El Ihsan, dan kepala sekolah sebagai responden untuk memperoleh data mengenai keberadaan siswa dan guru serta sistem pembelajaran di Sekolah, yakni di PP Daar El Ihsan. Dari hasil penelitian ini, peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa: (1) Sistem pembelajaran siswa berbasis Pondok Pesantren ini. menggunakan pendekatan Sistem Kasih Sayang (SKS). (2) Keberhasilan dari sistem pembelajaran berbasis pondok pesantren ini ternyata dapat membentuk siswa yang taat terhadap aturan dan peraturan yang diterapkan oleh sekolah dan siswa-siswi dari lulusan sekolah ini dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan kehidupan di luar pondok pesantren ini. (3) Adapun hambatan yang ditemukan dalam melaksanakan sistem pembelajaran berbasis pondok pesantren ini adalah kurangnya fasilitas dan sarana prasarana pembelajaran, sehingga tidak dapat menampung siswa yang cukup banyak.

Kata Kunci: Sistem, Pembelajaran, Pondok pesantren
E FFECT OF LUBRICANTS CONTAINING DIFFERENT NANO-PARTICLES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WORN JOURNAL BEARINGS
Authors: Abbas Basim A , Mohammed Nadhim F
Published: November 2018

The present work deals with the isothermal analysis of worn journal bearing lubricated withNano-lubricants. The bearing wear affect the oil film thickness and causes a decrease in loadcarrying capacity of the journal bearing. On the other hand, many works show that theaddition of Nano- particles to the oil enhances its viscosity. The main goal of the presentwork is to investigate the ability of the Nano-lubricant to correct the wear effect on theperformance of such bearings. The modified Reynolds equation was solved using finitedifference technique to obtain the pressure distribution in the clearance gap of the wornjournal bearing. Dufran's model was used to include the effect of wear on the thickness ofthe oil film. The effect of adding three different types of Nano-particles namely, Dimond,CuO and TiO2 to the base oil has been investigated. Bearing static characteristics in terms ofload capacity, friction force, end leakage and power loss for different eccentricity ratioshave been investigated. The mathematical model has been validated for the pressure resultsobtained in the present work with that obtained by other workers and the results found to bein a good agreement. The results obtained in the present work show that the load carryingcapacity enhances by about40%, 9% and 3% for the bearing with wear depth parameter of0.4, eccentricity ratio of 0.7 lubricated with oil containing TiO2, CuO and Dimond Nanoparticlesrespectively in comparison with pure oil lubricated bearing.
INFLUENCE THE QUENCHING AND TEMPERING ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS, OF MEDIUM CARBON STEEL
Authors: Alfatlawi Sattar H A
Published: November 2018

One of ways to improve properties of materials without changing the product shape toobtain the desired engineering applications is heating and cooling under effect of controlledsequence of heat treatment. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect ofheating and cooling on the surface roughness, microstructure and some selected propertiessuch as the hardness and impact strength of Medium Carbon Steel which treated at differenttypes of heat treatment processes. Heat treatment achieved in this work was respectively,heating, quenching and tempering. The specimens were heated to 850°C and left for 45minutes inside the furnace as a holding time at that temperature, then quenching process wasperformed in four types of quenching media (still air, cold water (2°C), oil and polymersolution), respectively. Thereafter, the samples were tempered at 200°C, 400°C, and 600°Cwith one hour as a soaking time for each temperature, then were all cooled by still air. Whenthe heat treatment process was completed, the surface roughness, hardness, impact strengthand microstructure tests were performed. The results showed a change and clearimprovement of surface roughness, mechanical properties and microstructure afterquenching was achieved, as well as the change that took place due to the increasingtoughness and ductility by reducing of brittleness of samples.
HARDNESS AND FRATURE TOUGHNE OF PLASMA SPRAYED ZIRCONIA-CERIA-YTTRIA THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS
Authors: Kadhim Mohammed J , Hafiz Mohammed H , Ali Bash Maryam A
Published: November 2018

Several studies have been made during the recent years to evaluate the plasma sprayedyttria partially stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings but less attention wereundertaken on ceria-yttria stabilized zirconia. In this study, zirconia- 20 wt% ceria-3.6wt% yttria thermal barrier coatings were produced by air plasma spraying deposited onIN 738 LC superalloy substrate. The objective of this study is to analysis the distributionof porosity, hardness and fracture toughness on the deposited coatings. Under optimumplasma spraying conditions, it is dangerous to consider the mean values of hardness andfracture toughness. The distributions of hardness and fracture toughness are highlyscattered. The Weibull distribution is the main parameter to describe the plasma sprayedcoatings hardness and fracture toughness.
E XPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY OF 6061-T6 AL- ALLOY FATIGUE LIFE USING FRICTION STIR WELDING
Authors: Mubarak Ethar Mohamed Mahdi
Published: November 2018

Welded parts are often subjected to variable loads. Paper’s aim is to evaluate the fatiguecharacteristics of friction stir welding of AA6061-T6 alloy under variable loading andobserved the influence of heat treatment for friction stir welding joint on the fatigue stressanalysis. The microstructure of the welds alloy are studied before and after heat treatment.The friction stir welding was employed using milling machine with constant tool rotation(1000 rpm) and feed rate (20 mm/min). Artificial aging are made for aluminum friction stirwelded alloy using electrical furnace at temperature of 500ºC for 20 min. Quenching at190ºC for 4 hr. via water is followed the aging process. Fatigue test were done for specimens(base metal, friction stir welding alloys before and after heat treatment) to obtain the S-Ncurves for each case. Finite element via ANSYS software is used to analysis the FSW(temperature, Von-Mises stress, deformation in the welded zone and contact friction stressdistributions) and Fatigue test (fatigue life, fatigue damage, fatigue safety factor, biaxialityindication , equivalent alternating stress and stress intensity factors) where the generalthermo-elasto plastic relation produced under thermal and mechanical loads with isotropic,kinematic and mixed hardening rule in three dimensional problems is proposed. The resultsshown that the heat treatment for the friction stir welded alloy would be increased thefatigue strength of the welded plate that the number of cycles of base metal (AA6061-T6)was 1.2×106 and the number of cycle for welded joints without heat treatment was(0.9×106), where the number of cycles was 1×107 with heat treatment with quenching within4hr. also it can be concluded that, the fracture opening mode (mode I) is exist in the unheated welded alloy and disappeared with heating treatment
EFFECT OF TIC AND B4C ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF AA7075 ALLOY FABRICATED BY POWDER METALLURGY
Authors: Majid Raad H
Published: November 2018

In this work, aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMCs) were fabricated by usingpowder metallurgy. AA7075 powder is reinforced with two different ceramic particles(TiC,B4C) with different weight fractions (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 wt.%). The composites wereproduced by powder metallurgy by preparing the powder, mixing, compacting andsintering. The particle size of unreinforced AA7075 about 100μm, while particle size ofeach TiC and B4C about 150 μm. The mixing process was done by planetary mixing setuprotating at 250 rpm for 2hr. by adding zinc stearate as an activator material with steel ballmilling. However the mixture was compacted by hydraulic uniaxial press type (LeyboldHarris No.36110) about 200 kg/cm² according to (ASTM-D 618). After compactingprocess, the mixture sintered at 475 °C for 2hr. by using electrical furnace with argonatmosphere.There are many examinations and tests were carried out for the synthesized compositesmaterial (AA7075/ TiC and AA7075/ B4C) such as examination of the microstructure,mechanical tests such as hardness and compressive strength, physical tests such asdensity and porosity.The results of this work showed that improving in physical properties (theoreticaldensity, experimental density, porosity) and mechanical properties (Rockwell hardnessand Compressive strength)
IM PROVEMENT OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINUM ALLOY 6061 –T6 WELD JOINT USING DC PULSED GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING (PGTAW)
Authors: Naje Jenan M , Dawood Nidaa H , Mohammed Hamdiyah M
Published: November 2018

The effect of DC pulsed GTAW method factors on mechanical properties of Aluminumalloys 6061–T6 is proves. Throbbed GTAW on the sheet having dimension of (200* 100*5mm) is implemented at variable pulse current (150, 160, 170, 190) and constant frequencyto get numerous connected joints by electrode type" ER4043 (Al Si5) as a padding metallicand argon as protective gas and compared with base current GTAW welding at D C currentat 90 amps. The welded pieces are examined by X-ray radiography. The welded joints weretreated by heat, the joints heated for half an hour in the furnace to 150 C° then cooled in theair to release the residual stresses. Mechanical quality of the weld joints. Microstructuralcategorizations, Micro hardness, enduring stress are examined. Consequences exposed thata common decline of mechanical properties of TIG welded joints conveyed 34% analogieswith parent metal while the PGTAW joined offers better mechanical qualities analogy withof TIG joined in reductions conveyed 8.4% analogies with original metal this is because ofthe microstructure variations through the joining method and compressive residual stressgeneration in the weld zones. It has been found that by PGTAW improved the mechanicalproperties of welded joints which rely on current parameters.
PREPARATION AND INVESTIGATION OF SOME MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESIN REINFORCED BY HYBRID NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Salih Sihama I , Salih Wleed B. , Hamad Husam S.
Published: November 2018

In this study, nano-composite of polymeric materials, prepared from unsaturated polyesterresin (UP). Two groups of nanocomposites were prepared by Hand Lay-up method. The firstgroup consists from (UP) reinforced by hybrid nanoparticles consisting of a mixture ofzirconium oxide and yttrium oxide (30 mol%Y2O3- ZrO2) with particles size (83.98nm). Thesecond group consists of (UP) reinforced by zirconia nanoparticles (ZrO2) with particle size(47.23nm). The effect of volume fraction (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%) of thenanoparticles additives on some mechanical properties of composites materials was studiedalso. The results shown that the values of the flexural modulus, impact strength and fracturetoughness increased, as the volume fraction ratio of the nanoparticle increased for bothgroups of nanocomposites, while flexural strength values decreased with the increased thevolume fraction ratio of the nanoparticles for both groups of nanocomposites also. As wellas, the unsaturated polyester resins reinforced by hybrid nanoparticles has higher mechanicalproperties as compared with their counterparts of composites reinforced by zirconiananoparticles only. The morphological formation of the fracture surface showed a closeinterconnection between all components of the prepared polymeric compositions. Thisreinforce a good compatibility between unsaturated polyester resins and reinforcementnanoparticles, which enhancement the mechanical properties.
Corrigendum: PRImary care Streptococcal Management (PRISM) study: in vitro study, diagnostic cohorts and a pragmatic adaptive randomised controlled trial with nested qualitative study and cost-effectiveness study
Authors: Little Paul , Hobbs FD Richard , Moore Michael , Mant David , Williamson Ian , McNulty Cliodna , Lasseter Gemma , Cheng MY Edith , Leydon Geraldine , McDermott Lisa , Turner David , Pinedo-Villanueva Rafael , Raftery James , Glasziou Paul , Mullee Mark ,   on behalf of the PRISM investigators
Published: November 2018

The text in Chapter 4, Results, Main findings, Complications has been replaced with the following text [these data do not alter the economic modelling (which was based on the correct data), nor the inferences from the trial that the FeverPAIN score is the optimal management approach]:

There were very few complications in any trial groups: during the first trial phase there were two cases of otitis media and one case of cellulitis in the clinical score group and one case of cellulitis in the delayed antibiotic group; during the second trial phase (when using the FeverPAIN score) there were two cases of quinsy in the delayed antibiotic group and one case of otitis media in the RADT group.
Deep Directional Network for Object Tracking
Authors: Hu Zhaohua , Shi Xiaoyi
Published: November 2018

Existing object trackers are mostly based on correlation filtering and neural network frameworks. Correlation filtering is fast but has poor accuracy. Although a neural network can achieve high precision, a large amount of computation increases the tracking time. To address this problem, we utilize a convolutional neural network (CNN) to learn object direction. We propose a target direction classification network based on CNNs that has a directional shortcut to the tracking target, unlike the particle filter that randomly finds the target. Our network uses an end-to-end approach to determine scale variation that has good robustness to scale variation sequences. In the pretraining stage, the Visual Object Tracking Challenges (VOT) dataset is used to train the network for learning positive and negative sample classification and direction classification. In the online tracking stage, the sliding window operation is performed by using the obtained directional information to determine the exact position of the object. The network only calculates a single sample, which guarantees a low computational burden. The positive and negative sample redetection strategies can successfully ensure that the samples are not lost. The one-pass evaluation (OPE) evaluation results of the object tracking benchmark (OTB) demonstrate that the algorithm is very robust and is also faster than several deep trackers.
Adoption of Gender-Responsive Budgeting (GRB) by an Italian Municipality
Authors: Galizzi Giovanna , Bassani Gaia Viviana , Cattaneo Cristiana
Published: November 2018

Over the past few decades, many governments throughout the world have promoted gender-responsive budgeting (GRB). With its focus on equality, accountability, transparency and participation in the policy-making process, GRB shares some relevant principles with public governance that call governments at national and subnational levels to rethink their roles in the whole economic system. This worldwide political and managerial interest does not find sufficient space in academic discussion, mainly in terms of public administration and management studies. Adopting an interpretative approach, the present study aims to investigate how an Italian municipality has involved stakeholders in the GRB process. The case study shows that, when GRB is fully developed, the stakeholders involved are both internal and external, and these multiple actors, in pursuing gender equality, cooperate to achieve a common, public aim. In this way, GRB gives effectiveness to the public decision-making process, contributing to greater incisiveness in the local government’s management and creation of a gender-sensitive governance process.
Strain Induced Metal–Insulator Transition of Magnetic SrRuO3 Single Layer in SrRuO3/SrTiO3 Superlattice
Authors: Huang Angus , Hung Sheng-Hsiung , Jeng Horng-Tay
Published: November 2018

Ferromagnetic phase in a two-dimensional system plays an important role not only in applications but also in studies of phase transition theory. Among numerous ferromagnetic materials, Sr Ru O 3 is famous for its half-metallicity, itinerant ferromagnetism and non-Fermi liquid metalicity. Single layer Sr Ru O 3 in Sr Ru O 3 / Sr Ti O 3 (SRO/STO) superlattice has been predicted as a two-dimensional half-metallic ferromagnetic system based on density functional theory (DFT). However, experiments show that metal–insulator transition associated with ferro–antiferromagnetism (FM–AFM) transition occurs when the thickness of SRO is less than 4 u.c. Combining DFT calculations with Monte Carlo simulations, we demonstrate in this work that the bulk ferromagnetic metallicity can be realized in single layer SRO in SRO/STO superlattice by manipulating the strain effect to trigger the metal–insulator transition, achieving two-dimensional (2D) half-metallic SRO thin film beyond the experimental observation of AFM insulator.Our results pave a new route to fulfill the ultrathin spin-polarized-2D electron gas (SP-2DEG).
“Utopias Are for Those Who Cannot Build”: The Structural Philosophy of the Swedish National Board of Building
Authors: Caldenby Claes
Published: November 2018

Structuralism in architecture was a widespread international phenomenon in the post-war decades. It was an avant-garde architecture, in many cases even utopian. In contrast to this, the structural philosophy of the Swedish National Board of Building was outspokenly pragmatic. This article, based on documents and interviews with the architects involved, gives the background of the National Board’s interest in “the chronological dimension of architecture”. The National Board was the largest client in Sweden for design and building and experienced managers of a large building stock. In the mid-1960s, they developed, in cooperation with consultants, a “building box” for office buildings. They gladly showed a lack of interest or downright scepticism towards international structuralism: “Utopias are for those who cannot build”. Two of the main involved practices were A4 and ELLT, later merged into Coordinator architects, and from early on focused on an architecture of change. Two of their iconic projects from the late 1960s are the large office block Garnisonen and IBM Nordic Education Center. They are examples of a “consequence architecture”, very clearly “ideas based”. For a period around 1970 the pragmatic theory led to radical projects. “Dogmatic theorising was part of the game” as it was said about contemporary art.
The Journal Block and Its Art School Context
Authors: Walton Neil
Published: November 2018

This paper examines an important moment in the recent history of UK art education by examining the magazine Block, a radical and interdisciplinary publication produced from within the art history department of an art school in the late 1970s and 1980s. Block was created and edited by a small group of lecturers at Middlesex Polytechnic, most of whom were art school educated; it was formed by, and in turn influenced, the milieu of studio-based art education in the UK. Despite the small scale of its operation, the magazine had a wide distribution in art colleges and was avidly read by lecturers looking for ways to incorporate new theoretical, often Marxist, feminist, poststructuralist, perspectives into their teaching.
Richard Neutra’s Ambiguous Relationship to Luxury
Authors: Brunner Matthias
Published: November 2018

Many architects of the modern movement who, in theory, refused luxury nonetheless responded to the demand for it. Richard J. Neutra was one of them: Although he mostly rejected luxury in his writings, he gained fame for his skills in constructing luxurious residences. This paper explores how he handled such discrepancies. For this purpose, it relates his understanding of luxury to the German debates on the luxury of the interwar period and analyzes two of his most important expensive residences: the Lovell Health House (1927–1929) and the Kaufmann Desert House (1946–1947). It comes to the conclusion that Neutra took an intermediate position between socialist opponents and idealist proponents of luxury. While he acknowledged the importance of objectivity and scientific thinking and agreed to give priority to the improvement of the living conditions of the masses, he was nevertheless much interested in comfort, aesthetics, details, and individualization. Moreover, it draws attention to the fact that Neutra’s houses also reflected his clients’ relationship to luxury. The Kaufmanns asked for a luxurious background for leisure; the Lovells’ wanted a place for a disciplined life that lacked certain essential traits of luxury.
Microcalorimeters for X-Ray Spectroscopy of Highly Charged Ions at Storage Rings
Authors: Kraft-Bermuth Saskia , Hengstler Daniel , Egelhof Peter , Enss Christian , Fleischmann Andreas , Keller Michael , Stöhlker Thomas
Published: November 2018

X-ray spectroscopy of highly charged heavy ions is an important tool for the investigation of many topics in atomic physics. Such highly charged ions, in particular hydrogen-like uranium, are investigated at heavy ion storage rings, where high charge states can be produced in large quantities, stored for long times and cooled to low momentum spread of the ion beam. One prominent example is the determination of the 1s Lamb Shift in hydrogen-like heavy ions, which has been investigated at the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research. Due to the large electron binding energies, the energies of the corresponding photon transitions are located in the X-ray regime. To determine the transition energies with high accuracy, highly resolving X-ray spectrometers are needed. One concept of such spectrometers is the concept of microcalorimeters, which, in contrast to semiconductor detectors, uses the detection of heat rather than charge to detect energy. Such detectors have been developed and successfully applied in experiments at the ESR. For experiments at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR), the Stored Particles and Atoms Collaboration (SPARC) pursues the development of new microcalorimeter concepts and larger detector arrays. Next to fundamental investigations on quantum electrodynamics such as the 1s Lamb Shift or electron–electron interactions in two- and three-electron systems, X-ray spectroscopy may be extended towards nuclear physics investigations like the determination of nuclear charge radii.
Circular Business Models for Extended EV Battery Life
Authors: Olsson Linda , Fallahi Sara , Schnurr Maria , Diener Derek , Van Loon Patricia
Published: November 2018

In the near future, a large volume of electric vehicle (EV) batteries will reach their end-of-life in EVs. However, they may still retain capacity that could be used in a second life, e.g., for a second use in an EV, or for home electricity storage, thus becoming part of the circular economy instead of becoming waste. The aim of this paper is to explore second life of EV batteries to provide an understanding of how the battery value chain and related business models can become more circular. We apply qualitative research methods and draw on data from interviews and workshops with stakeholders, to identify barriers to and opportunities for second use of EV batteries. New business models are conceptualized, in which increased economic viability of second life and recycling and increased business opportunities for stakeholders may lead to reduced resource consumption. The results show that although several stakeholders see potential in second life, there are several barriers, many of which are of an organizational and cognitive nature. The paper concludes that actors along the battery value chain should set up new collaborations with other actors to be able to benefit from creating new business opportunities and developing new business models together.
Breast Cancer Estimate Modeling via PDE Thermal Analysis Algorithms
Authors: Park Young Hoon , Yang Sung Mo
Published: November 2018

The significance of this study lies in the importance of (1) nondestructive testing in defect studies and (2) securing the reliability of breast cancer prediction through thermal analysis in nondestructive testing. Most nondestructive tests have negative effects on the human body. Moreover, the precision and accuracy of such tests are poor. This study analyzes these drawbacks and increases the reliability of such methods. A theoretical model was constructed, by which simulated inner breast tissue was observed in a nondestructive way through thermal analysis, and the presence and extent of simulated breast cancer were estimated based on the thermal observations. Herein, we studied the medical diagnosis of breast cancer by creating a theoretical environment that simulated breast cancer in a real-world setting; the model used two-dimensional modeling and partial differential equation (PDE) thermal analysis. Our theoretical analysis, based on partial differential equations, allowed us to demonstrate that non-wounding defect detection is possible and, in many ways, preferable. The main contribution of this paper lies in studying long-term estimates. In addition, the model in this study can be extended to predict breast cancer through pure heat and can also be used for various other cancer and tumor analyses in the human body.
A New Role for Vitamin D: The Enhancement of Oncolytic Viral Therapy in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: LaRocca Christopher J. , Warner Susanne G.
Published: November 2018

Oncolytic viruses have emerged as a novel class of anti-cancer therapeutics with one virus already receiving United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval (talimogene laherparepvec) and many others undergoing testing in clinical trials. These viruses have direct lytic effects on tumor cells as well as immunomodulatory functions to increase inflammatory cell infiltrates in the tumor microenvironment. Despite all of the advances in cancer care, pancreatic cancer remains a highly lethal malignancy. One of the main barriers to successful systemic treatment of the disease is the fibrotic tumor stroma, as the unique extracellular matrix creates an environment that promotes tumor growth and is resistant to chemotherapy and other anti-cancer agents. The pleiotropic effects of Vitamin D have been widely studied, but recent research has now demonstrated it to be an effective agent in modulating pancreatic cancer stroma to facilitate the enhanced delivery of cytotoxic chemotherapy and immunogenicity in response to treatment. This review will explore the combination of Vitamin D with oncolytic viruses and how this novel application of Vitamin D’s ability to modulate pancreatic tumor stroma may result in a potential mechanism for increasing the efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy in pancreatic cancer.
The Roles of Endo-Lysosomes in Unconventional Protein Secretion
Authors: Lee Juhyung , Ye Yihong
Published: November 2018

Protein secretion in general depends on signal sequence (also named leader sequence), a hydrophobic segment located at or close to the NH2-terminus of a secretory or membrane protein. This sequence guides the entry of nascent polypeptides into the lumen or membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for folding, assembly, and export. However, evidence accumulated in recent years has suggested the existence of a collection of unconventional protein secretion (UPS) mechanisms that are independent of the canonical vesicular trafficking route between the ER and the plasma membrane (PM). These UPS mechanisms export soluble proteins bearing no signal sequence. The list of UPS cargos is rapidly expanding, along with the implicated biological functions, but molecular mechanisms accountable for the secretion of leaderless proteins are still poorly defined. This review summarizes our current understanding of UPS mechanisms with an emphasis on the emerging role of endo-lysosomes in this process.
Super Stable Pollution Gas Sensor Based on Functionalized 2D Boron Nitride Nanosheet Materials for High Humidity Environments
Authors: Feng Peter X. , Chavez Ermides , Malca Carlos
Published: November 2018

We report on studies of new gas sensing devices to be used in high humidity environments. Highly thermal-stable, super hydrophobic 2-dimensional (2D) boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) functionalized with Pt nanoparticles were prepared and used as an active layer for the prototype. The morphologic surface, crystallographic structures and chemical compositions of the synthesized 2D materials were characterized by using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) and Raman scattering, respectively. The experimental data reveals that high-quality BNNSs were prepared. A pair of Au electrodes were combined with a basic electrical circuit and the 2D sensing material to form high-performance gas sensors for the detection of pollution gases. The present structure is simple and the fabrication is easy and fast, which ensures the creation of a low-cost prototype with harsh (high humidity, high temperature) environment resistance and potential for miniaturization. The responses of the prototype to different target gases with different concentrations were characterized. The influences of the operating temperature and bias voltage effect on sensing performances were also investigated. The fabricated sensors appear to have high selectivity, high sensitivity and fast response to target gases. The sensing mechanism in the present case is attributed to the electron donation from the target gas molecules to the active layer, leading to the change of electrical properties on the surface of BNNS layer.
Mechanisms of the Antibacterial Effects of TiO2–FeOx under Solar or Visible Light: Schottky Barriers versus Surface Plasmon Resonance
Authors: Kiwi John , Rtimi Sami
Published: November 2018

This study reports the significant mechanistic difference between binary-oxide antibacterial films with the same composition but different microstructures. Binary TiO2-FeOx films were found to present a faster bacterial inactivation kinetics under visible light irradiation than each single oxide acting independently. The interaction between the film active surface species and the bacteria within the disinfection period was followed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and provided the evidence for a redox catalysis taking place during the bacterial inactivation time. The optical and surface properties of the films were evaluated by appropriate surface analytical methods. A differential mechanism is suggested for each specific microstructure inducing bacterial inactivation. The surface FeOx plasmon resonance transferred electrons into the conduction band of TiO2 because of the Schottky barrier after Fermi level equilibration of the two components. An electric field at the interface between TiO2 and FeOx, favors the separation of the photo-generated charges leading to a faster bacterial inactivation by TiO2–FeOx compared to the bacterial inactivation kinetics by each of the single oxides.
One-Step Potentiostatic Deposition of Micro-Particles on Al Alloy as Superhydrophobic Surface for Enhanced Corrosion Resistance by Reducing Interfacial Interactions
Authors: Shi Tian , Li Xuewu , Zhang Qiaoxin , Li Ben
Published: November 2018

Corrosion failure is a thorny problem that restricts the application of Al alloys. As a new technique for functional realization, hydrophobic preparation offers an efficient approach to solve corrosion problem. This work has developed a facile and low-cost method to endow Al alloy with enhanced water-repellent and anticorrosion abilities. The micro-particles have been firstly prepared by one-step deposition process. Furthermore, wetting and electrochemical behaviors of as-prepared structures have been investigated after silicone modification. Results show that the fabricated surface possesses excellent superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle (CA) of 154.7° and a sliding angle (SA) of 6.7°. Meanwhile, the resultant surface is proved with enhanced corrosion resistance by reducing interfacial interactions with seawater, owing to newly-generated solid-air-liquid interfaces. This work sheds positive insights into extending applications of Al alloys, especially in oceaneering fields.
An Enhanced Key Management Scheme for LoRaWAN
Authors: Han Jialuo , Wang Jidong
Published: November 2018

The LoRaWAN is one of the new low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) standards applied to Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The key features of LPWAN are its low power consumption and long-range coverage. The LoRaWAN 1.1 specification includes a basic security scheme. However, this scheme could be further improved in the aspect of key management. In this paper, LoRaWAN 1.1 security is reviewed, and enhanced LoRaWAN security with a root key update scheme is proposed. The root key update will make cryptoanalysis of security keys in LoRaWAN more difficult. The analysis and simulation show that the proposed root key update scheme requires fewer computing resources compared with other key derivation schemes, including the scheme used in the LoRaWAN session key update. The results also show the key generated in the proposed scheme has a high degree of randomness, which is a basic requirement for a security key.
New Iron(II) Spin Crossover Complexes with Unique Supramolecular Networks Assembled by Hydrogen Bonding and Intermetallic Bonding
Authors: Kosone Takashi , Tomori Itaru , Akahoshi Daisuke , Saito Toshiaki , Kitazawa Takafumi
Published: November 2018

Two spin crossover (SCO) coordination polymers assembled by combining FeII octahedral ion, 4-cyanopyridine (4-CNpy) and [Au(CN)2]− liner unit are described. These compounds, Fe(4-CNpy)2[Au(CN)2]2·1/2(4-CNpy) (1a) and {Fe(4-CNpy)2[Au(CN)2]2}-{Fe(H2O)2[Au(CN)2]2} (1b), present quite different supramolecular networks that show different magnetic behaviors. Compound 1a crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group Pbcn. The asymmetric unit contains two 4-CNpy, one type of Fe2+, and two types of crystallographically distinct [Au(CN)2]− units which form Hofmann-like two dimensional layer structures with guest spaces. The layers are combined with another layer by strong gold-gold intermetalic interactions. Compound 1b crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group Pnma. The bent bismonodentate [AuI(CN)2] units and FeII ions form a complicated interpenetrated three dimensional structure. In addition, 1b exhibits ferromagnetic interaction.
Characteristics of Unemployed People, Training Attendance and Job Searching Success in the Valencian Region (Spain)
Authors: Guijarro Francisco
Published: November 2018

The current economical recovery is driven by expansions in many countries, with a global economic growth of 3.6% in 2017. However, some countries are still struggling with vulnerable forms of employment and high unemployment rates. Official statistics in Spain reveal that women and older people constitutes the core of structural unemployment, and are persistently being excluded from employment recovery. This paper contributes with a database that includes jobseekers’ characteristics, enrollment on training initiatives for unemployed and employment contracts for the Valencian region in Spain. Analysing the relation between the involved variables can help researchers to shed light on which characteristics are positively related to employment and then encourage political decision makers to promote initiatives to support vulnerable groups.
Subnational Analysis of Economic Fitness and Income Dynamic: The Case of Mexican States
Authors: Castañeda Gonzalo , Romero-Padilla Juan
Published: November 2018

In recent years, analytical tools of network theory have provided strong empirical support to the well-known hypothesis that regions develop through the local learning of capabilities (tacit productive knowledge). In this paper, we compare two indexes of competitiveness (or accumulated capabilities) for a subnational database of 32 Mexican states in the period 2004–2014. We find that Endogenous Fitness (i.e., region fitness and product complexity are derived jointly using only a Mexican exports database) has a better performance than Exogenous Fitness (i.e., product complexity comes from a world exports database and fitness is the sum of the complexity scores for the region’s competitive products). The performance criterion is established with the indicator’s capacity to meet a requirement of growth predictability: the existence of at least one laminar (ordered) regime in the fitness–income plane. In the Mexican data, Endogenous Fitness is a reliable predictor of per capita GDP in two distinct areas of the plane: one of continuous progress and opportunities, and another of stagnation and deteriorating fitness. The predictive capacity of this indicator becomes clear only when the metrics’ calculations are filtered by removing raw petroleum or oil-dependent states, while such capacity is robust to the inclusion of tourism—another important industry of the Mexican economy.
A New Belief Entropy to Measure Uncertainty of Basic Probability Assignments Based on Belief Function and Plausibility Function
Authors: Pan Lipeng , Deng Yong
Published: November 2018

How to measure the uncertainty of the basic probability assignment (BPA) function is an open issue in Dempster–Shafer (D–S) theory. The main work of this paper is to propose a new belief entropy, which is mainly used to measure the uncertainty of BPA. The proposed belief entropy is based on Deng entropy and probability interval consisting of lower and upper probabilities. In addition, under certain conditions, it can be transformed into Shannon entropy. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the efficiency of the new belief entropy in measurement uncertainty.
A Simple Explicit Expression for the Flocculation Dynamics Modeling of Cohesive Sediment Based on Entropy Considerations
Authors: Zhu Zhongfan
Published: November 2018

The flocculation of cohesive sediment plays an important role in affecting morphological changes to coastal areas, to dredging operations in navigational canals, to sediment siltation in reservoirs and lakes, and to the variation of water quality in estuarine waters. Many studies have been conducted recently to formulate a turbulence-induced flocculation model (described by a characteristic floc size with respect to flocculation time) of cohesive sediment by virtue of theoretical analysis, numerical modeling, and/or experimental observation. However, a probability study to formulate the flocculation model is still lacking in the literature. The present study, therefore, aims to derive an explicit expression for the flocculation of cohesive sediment in a turbulent fluid environment based on two common entropy theories: Shannon entropy and Tsallis entropy. This study derives an explicit expression for the characteristic floc size, assumed to be a random variable, as a function of flocculation time by maximizing the entropy function subject to the constraint equation using a hypothesis regarding the cumulative distribution function of floc size. It was found that both the Shannon entropy and the Tsallis entropy theories lead to the same expression. Furthermore, the derived expression was tested with experimental data from the literature and the results were compared with those of existing deterministic models, showing that it has good agreement with the experimental data and that it has a better prediction accuracy for the logarithmic growth pattern of data in comparison to the other models, whereas, for the sigmoid growth pattern of experimental data, the model of Keyvani and Strom or Son and Hsu model could be the better choice for floc size prediction. Finally, the maximum capacity of floc size growth, a key parameter incorporated into this expression, was found to exhibit an empirical power relationship with the flow shear rate.