bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender-sensitive language use in Serbia
Authors: Petrović Tanja
Published: November 2022

Charting dominant views on gender-sensitive language in the Serbian public sphere, this article points to the ways sociopolitical transformations are grasped and dealt with in postsocialist Serbia. It looks at a case where the legislative action by the state, namely the adoption of the Gender Equality Bill in 2021, disrupted the usual pattern of mutual support between national linguistic experts and the nationalist politics of the state. The debate on the use of social femininatives in Serbian reveals the political force of language ideologies of authenticity, authority, legitimacy and naturalness that mobilise various expert, politicaland social actors whose views often converge in an unexpected manner. It shows that the issue of gender equality in Serbia and in postsocialist Europe in general cannot always be seen as resulting exclusively from the mutually conditioned processes of social movement and countermovement, or of gender mainstreaming and anti-gender backlash; neither can its understanding be reduced to binaries of progressiveness/openness/liberalism/Europeanness vs. conservatism/ nationalism/authoritarianism/anti-Europeanness. Rather, gender equality in these contexts must be seen as part of broader sociopolitical processes at both national and transnational levels.Mapirajuci preovladujuce poglede na rodno osetljiv jezik koji cirkulisu u javnoj sferi, clanak osvetljava nacine razumevanja i prihvatanja sociopolitickih promena u postsocijalistickoj Srbiji. Kroz uvid u debate oko Zakona o rodnoj ravnopravnosti donetog 2021. godine, clanak analizira slucaj kada je drzavnim zakonodajnim aktom prekinut uobicajeni obrazac medusobne podrske izmedu lingvistickih strucnjaka sa nacionalih akademskih institucija s jedne, i nacionalisticke drzavne politike s druge strane. Debata o upotrebi socijalnih femininativa u spskom jeziku ukazuje na politicku snagu jezickih ideologija autenticnosti, autoriteta, legitimnosti i prirodnosti i njihov kapacitet da mobilisu razilicite strucne, politicke i drustvene aktere ciji se pogledi na pitanja rodno osetljivog jezika cesto priblizavaju na neocekivan nacin. Pokazuje da pitanja rodne ravnopravnosti u Srbiji i sire u postsocijalistickoj Evropi nije uvek moguce razumeti kao rezultat dinamike izmedu drustvenih pokreta i kontra-pokreta ili urodnjavanja javnih politika i mobilizacije nazadnih i konzervativnih snaga, niti ih je moguce redukovati na binarne kategorije progresivnosti/otvorenosti/liberalizma/evropejstva i konzervativnosti/nacionalizma/autoritarnosti/anti-evropejstva, vec ih je neophodno posmatrati kao deo sirih, nacionalnih i transnacionalnih procesa.
Women as a linguistic footnote
Authors: Kuhar Roman , Antić Gaber Milica
Published: November 2022

The debate on nonsexist or gender-sensitive language in Slovenia has been taking place since the mid-1990s. It intensified again in 2018 when the Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, decided to use the feminine grammatical gender in its internal regulations as generic and inclusive for all genders. The decision provoked heated public reactions and media reports. Through critical frame analysis of 60 media texts published between May and December 2018, this article identifies four basic frames: the decision as impermissible linguistic engineering, as a sign of excessive political correctness, as a false solution to the actual existence of sexism in language, or finally, as a positive change. Whereas many of the arguments used in the Slovenian debate were found in similar debates elsewhere, a new discursive frame emerged that cannot be placed on the classical dichotomy of feminist and antifeminist, but is instead based on equality fatigue and the understanding that gender equality has allegedly already been achieved.Razprava o neseksisticni oziroma spolno obcutljivi rabi jezika v Sloveniji poteka ze od sredine 90. let prejsnjega stoletja. Ponovno se je okrepila leta 2018, ko je bil na Filozofski fakulteti UL sprejet sklep o genericni rabi zenskega slovnicnega spola kot vkljucujocega za vse spole v internih pravilnikih fakultete. Odlocitev je sprozila burne odzive javnosti in prav taksno porocanje medijev. S kriticno analizo okvirjev smo analizirali 60 medijskih besedil, objavljenih med majem in decembrom 2018, in v njih identificirali stiri osnovne okvire: odlocitev kot nedopusten jezikovni inzeniring, kot znak pretirane politicne korektnosti, kot napacno resitev za preseganje dejanskega obstoja seksizma v jeziku oziroma kot pozitivno spremembo. Medtem ko je mnoge argumente, uporabljene v slovenski razpravi, moc najti v podobnih razpravah drugod, se je v analiziranih medijskih porocilih pojavil tudi nov diskurzivni okvir, ki ga ni mogoce umestiti na klasicni feministicni ali protifeministicni kontinuum, saj temelji na zasicenosti z enakostjo in razumevanjem, da je enakost spolov domnevno ze dosezena.
Politics of resignification
Authors: Bogetić Ksenija
Published: November 2022

Societies of central and eastern Europe are increasingly described as the hub of broader ‘antigender’ mobilisations, which has made them a locus of interest in political science and gender studies, yet they curiously remain among the least represented in gender and language scholarship to date. Recent developments in the region tap into some urgent foci for the sociolinguistic study of gender and sexuality, encompassing not only growing frames of right-wing nationalism and antigenderism, but also burgeoning forms of feminist and queer resistance, whose intricacies and paradoxes complicate dominant perspectives in the field. Following a brief overview of the region's developments and contributions to the field, the present article uses this backdrop for an outline of several linguistic semiotic processes pertinent for tracing the dynamics of ‘gender ideology’ in discourse. More broadly, based on the complexities observed, the article emphasises the value of insights from postsocialist societies for rethinking the possibilities of true gender equality, within the wider struggles against the exploitation, marginalisation and dehumanisation pervasive in our current social reality. O drustvima centralne i istocne Evrope cesto se govori kao o zaristu 'antirodnih' mobilizacija, zbog cega privlace sve vise interesovanja u oblasti politickih nauka i rodnih studija, te iznenaduje da ova drustva spadaju medu najslabije zastupljene u oblasti jezika i roda. Skorasnja dogadanja u ovom regionu ukazuju na vazna pitanja za sociolingvisticko izucavanje roda i seksualnosti, unutar danas rasprostranjenih okvira desnicarskog nacionalizma i anti-rodnih pokreta, ali i novih oblika feministickog i kvir otpora, cije nijanse i paradoksi komplikuju neke ustaljene perspektive u ovoj naucnoj oblasti. Nakon kratkog pregleda postojecih tendencija u izucavanjima jezika i roda u regionu, te teorijske diskusije o lingvistickim semiotickim procesima koji su u osnovi dinamika rodnih ideologija u javnom diskursu, u radu se istice znacaj nalaza iz postsocijalistickih drustava za promisljanje mogucnosti stvarne rodne emancipacije u sklopu sirih borbi protiv eksploatacije, marginalizacije i dehumanizacije kakve odlikuju nasu sadasnju drustvenu realnost.
Gender and Political Apology: When the Patriarchal State Says ‘Sorry’ by Emma Dolan
Authors: Shan Weijia , Huang Dan
Published: November 2022

Gender and Political Apology: When the Patriarchal State Says ‘Sorry’ by Emma Dolan(2021). New York: Routledge, 165pp.
SERS chemical enhancement of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid absorbed on Au20, its Au-Ag and Au-Cu bimetallic clusters: a DFT study
Authors: Duy Quang Dao , Truong Dinh Hieu , Nguyen Thi Le Anh , Pham Minh Quan , Ngo Thi Chinh
Published: November 2022

The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) phenomenon of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) adsorbed on Au20 pyramidal cluster is studied by Density Functional Theory. All possible adsorption configurations between the adsorbate and the Au20 clusters are evaluated and the vibrational assignments of normal Raman and SERS spectra are analyzed. The result shows that the most stable adsorption configuration of the adsorbate on Au20 cluster is formed by the interaction of O13 (-COOH group) and Au atom. The SERS activities of 2,4,5-T adsorbed on 1:1 Au-Ag and Au-Cu bimetallic clusters are also investigated. For bimetallic clusters, the substitution of 1, 4 or 10 Au atoms by Ag/Cu is performed by replacing the respective number of Ag/Cu atoms in 1, 2 and 3 parallel layers of the Au20 cluster. While the Raman scattering activity of the Au10Ag10 cluster is comparable to that of the Au20 cluster, it is remarkably higher than the Au10Cu10 cluster. This observation is explained by the molecule-to-cluster charge transfer process. The obtained results are hoped to contribute to better design of SERS-based analytical sensors for mobile and on-site applications.
Physio-chemical properties of methyl red-degrading strains isolated from textile wastewater
Authors: Luong Thi Thu Huong , Dang Thi Mai Anh , Nguyen Minh Thu , Nguyen Sy Nguyen , Ho Thi Loan , Ho-Tu Cuong
Published: November 2022

Methyl red (MR)-reducing strains isolated from textile wastewater were identified and tested for physio-chemical properties. The bacterial colonies picked from the mineral medium supplemented with textile wastewater were transferred onto the mineral medium containing MR for the test. Two strains, namely SYK and STXL2, demonstrating the ability of MR decolorization in the agar medium were selected and purified. The strains SYK and STXL2 incubated in the liquid mineral medium with MR were able to reduce 100 % and 95.5 % of MR after 4 days incubation, respectively. Gram staining of both strains confirmed these two isolates were gram positive. The SYK strain has white, irregular and dry colonies while the STXL2 strain has orange, opaque, circular and glossy colonies. Both strains have short rod shape of cell under SEM images. The two strains were able to grow in the media such as Luria-Bertani medium, Meat-peptone broth, and Nutrient broth. The strain SYK were able to grow quickly in the medium with maltose while the strain STXL2 used glucose as the best carbon source. Biochemical tests showed that both strains had positive reaction in Voges-Proskauer test and negative reactions in lipase, cellulose, amylase, citrate, and gelatin hydrolysis tests. The SYK strain had positive reactions in protease, urease, and ammonia tests while the STXL2 strain had positive reaction in nitrate reduction test. The sequences of 16S rNA genes identified the SYK and STXL2 strains as Streptomyces cellulosae (100 % of similarity) and Rhodococcus ruber (99 % of similarity), and registered in the GenBank via the accessing number MZ414193 and MZ414194, respectively.
Editorial da Sessão especial – Arquitetura, redução do risco de desastres e questões de gênero em áreas urbanas informais
Authors: Martins Afonso Nuno , Mendes Maria Manuela , Zuquim Maria de Lurdes
Published: November 2022

Resumo No âmbito do concurso Marielle Franco Community Design Award a universidade PUC-Rio sediou o 1º Seminário Científico Latino-americano em Questões de Risco, Arquitetura Humanitária e Gênero, que está na origem da coleção de artigos reunidos para esta seção especial. Este encontro, de fala portuguesa e castelhana, de países europeus, africanos e latino-americanos, teve como fio temático condutor expressões materiais e imateriais do direito à cidade: ações comunitárias voltadas para redução dos riscos, melhorias do espaço público, das infraestruturas e da moradia. Na linha do concurso Marielle Franco Award que premeia arquitetos humanitários, o seminário encorajou o debate sobre questões de gênero e o papel das mulheres. Das suas lutas pela família, moradia adequada, segurança, higiene e privacidade, combate à discriminação, direito à igualdade de oportunidades, à participação política, à autonomia econômica, à educação, ao envolvimento no planejamento, desenho, produção, uso e ocupação do espaço urbano. As comunicações tiveram como pano de fundo os ODS – objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável, em particular, os que se relacionam com a erradicação da pobreza, mitigação das desigualdades, reforço da sustentabilidade, da segurança e da resiliência urbana. Outros referentes foram o Acordo de Paris sobre as alterações climáticas, o Quadro de Sendai para a redução de risco de desastres e o Manifesto pelo Direito das Mulheres à Cidade. O presente artigo discute a temática a partir de seu quadro conceitual e prático do desenvolvimento internacional, preenchendo as lacunas identificadas pelos autores e artigos selecionados.
SCHOOL WHEN THERE’S NO SCHOOL: THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC FROM THE CHILDREN’S POINTS OF VIEW
Authors: Silva Isabel de Oliveira e , Luz Iza Rodrigues da , Carvalho Levindo Diniz , Gouvêa Maria Cristina Soares de
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT This article discusses the meanings of school for children between 8 and 12 years old amid class suspension over the COVID-19 pandemic. The comprehension of the children’s points of view is based on the recognition of their rights and their ability to participate in social life, as demonstrated by childhood studies in the social sciences. We analyze survey data collected from 2.021 children in Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Region (Brazil). Results indicate that children understand school as a place which has a wide range of functions, among which learning, care, and sociability are included.
“MIÚDOS CO(N)VIDA”: DESENVOLVER PESQUISA COM CRIANÇAS EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA COVID-19
Authors: Fernandes Natália , Sani Ana Isabel , Barra Marlene
Published: November 2022

RESUMO A pandemia da Covid-19 é um exemplo poderoso do modo como os nossos direitos são reconfigurados e, em especial, os direitos das crianças. Mobilizadas pela exigência de assegurar que, no contexto de crise pandémica, as vozes das crianças não ficassem invisíveis, foram desenvolvidas algumas estratégias de investigação que assumiram um caráter inovador, dadas as contingências decorrentes da situação de confinamento. Este texto visou à reflexão sobre os desafios éticos e metodológicos na pesquisa com crianças, atendendo ao quadro de pandemia e confinamento, repensando estratégias e o processo de construção de conhecimento com estas e acerca das suas vidas.
‘MIÚDOS CO(N)VIDA’: DEVELOPING RESEARCH WITH CHILDREN IN TIMES OF PANDEMIC COVID-19
Authors: Fernandes Natália , Sani Ana Isabel , Barra Marlene
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT The Covid-19 pandemic is a powerful example of how our rights and, in particular, children’s rights are reconfigured. In order to ensure that, in a pandemic context, children’s voices were not kept invisible, we developed some research strategies, which assumed an innovative character, given the contingencies resulting from the lockdown situation. This text aimed to reflect on the ethical and methodological challenges in research with children, taking into account the pandemic and confinement, rethinking strategies and the process of building knowledge with them and about their lives.
Extrapolação de dados curvas de sobrevida em saúde: uma abordagem metodológica ajuste direto com dados agregados
Authors: Borges Solange , Zimmermann Ivan Ricardo
Published: November 2022

Introdução: Os modelos de avaliação econômica frequentemente adotam longos horizontes temporais. Contudo, a pesquisa clínica geralmente tem um curto tempo de seguimento dos participantes, tornando-se necessária a extrapolação de dados para alimentar os modelos de avaliação econômica. As propostas metodológicas disponíveis trabalham fortemente com os dados em sua forma individualizada, cenário nem sempre factível ao cotidiano da Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde (ATS). Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi replicar um método para extrapolação com curvas de sobrevida aplicável a dados agregados. Métodos: O estudo de caso consistiu nas aplicações de modelos paramétricos de análise de sobrevivência com as principais distribuições recomendadas: Exponencial, Weibull, Log-normal, Log-logística, Gama generalizada e Gompertz. Os modelos foram ajustados aos dados de um ensaio clínico randomizado de duas terapias (anastrozol e fulvestranto) no contexto do câncer de mama metastático com 10 anos de seguimento nos desfechos de sobrevida livre de progressão (SLP) e sobrevida global (SG). Após a condução dos ajustes aos dados individualizados, obtidos mediante contato com os autores, buscou-se validar a aplicação do ajuste aos dados agregados com uso de regressões não lineares e algoritmos de otimização. Ambos os métodos foram comparados em termos de inspeção visual e qualidade do ajuste (Akaike Information Criteria – AIC). Resultados: Na verificação da aplicação no estudo de caso nos dados dos dois braços de tratamentos, as distribuições Weibull e gama generalizada foram as que melhor se ajustaram aos dados de SG, seja na abordagem individualizada quanto na agregada, segundo critérios estatísticos e de inspeção visual. Para a SLP foram as curvas log-logística e log-normal para o anastrozol. No caso do tratamento com fulvestranto, as melhores escolhas seriam as curvas log-normal e gama generalizada para os dados individualizados e Gompertz e gama generalizada nos dados agregados. Em termos de inspeção visual, a diferença foi pouco perceptível entre o uso do modelo individualizado e agregado. Conclusão: O ajuste de dados com curvas de sobrevida a dados agregados se mostra factível. Apesar de diferenças na escolha algumas curvas, a inspeção visual sugere que é pouco provável que estas diferenças tenham impacto para a tomada de decisão. O algoritmo aqui apresentado pode ser útil nas situações de impossibilidade de acesso aos dados individualizados.
PREDICTION OF AP1000’S NUCLEAR REACTOR PRESSURE VESSEL TEMPERATURE DURING NORMAL OPERATION
Authors: Isnaini Muhammad Darwis , Saragi Elfrida , Sri Wardani Veronika Indriati
Published: November 2022

Modeling of thermal-hydraulic calculations for the AP1000 core to predict the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) temperature has been carried out. The reactor’s primary coolant system transfers the heat produced in the reactor fuel during reactor operation to the steam generator. Part of the heat will also be transferred from the coolant to the reactor vessel and the pipe. This paper presents the calculation result of the RPV temperature prediction during AP1000 normal operation. Calculations were performed using COBRA-EN code for analyzing the core thermal hydraulics and using analytics for predicting the RPV temperature. These methods were carried out with the aim to predict the RPV temperature as well as at steady state nominal power conditions, at the function of flow, and at power fluctuation conditions. The calculation results at nominal power 3400 MWt (100% heat generated in fuel was assumed) and thermal design flow with 10% tube plugging (TDF2) of 48,443.7 ton/hr, for the minimum system pressure of 15.1 MPa, nominal system pressure of 15.513 MPa, and design system pressure of 17.133 MPa, show that the core outlet coolant temperature is 326.96°C, 327.01°C, and 327.22°C, and the RPV temperature is 303.65°C, 303.87°C, and 306.67°C, and the minimum departure from nucleate boiling ratio (MDNBR) is 3.21, 3.29, and 3.01, respectively. During reactor operation at a fixed nominal power of 3400 MWt, nominal system pressure, and under the condition of flow fluctuation, the maximum RPV temperature is shown to be 303.87°C.
COLLISION CASCADE AND PRIMARY RADIATION DAMAGE IN SILICON CARBIDE: A MOLECULAR DYNAMICS STUDY
Authors: Husnayani Ihda , Muhammad Akhir Muzakkiy Putra
Published: November 2022

Silicon carbide (SiC) is a competitive candidate material to be used in several advanced and Generation-IV nuclear reactor designs as neutron moderator, fuel coating, cladding, or core structural material. Many studies have been performed to investigate the durability of SiC in severe environment in nuclear reactor. However, the nature and behavior of defect induced by neutron irradiation are still not fully understood. This paper is aimed to study collision cascade and primary radiation damage in SiC using molecular dynamics simulation. The potential being used was a hybrid Tersoff potential modified with Ziegler-Biersack-Littmark (ZBL) screening function. The collision cascade was let evolved for 10 ps from a Si or C primary knocked atom (PKA) located initially at the top center of a system containing 960000 atoms. The simulation was carried out at room temperature as well as at several advanced fission reactor-relevant temperatures. It was obtained that the number of C point defects were larger than the number of Si point defects. The number of stable point defect was found to be temperature-dependent. It was also obtained that the recovery of point defects was larger at high temperature (>800°C).
KARAKTERISASI RADIOACTIVE FISSION WASTE (RFW) DARI PRODUKSI RADIOISOTOP LUTESIUM-177 MENGGUNAKAN PROGRAM ORIGEN2
Authors: Rosmayani Lena , Rohanda Anis , Abdullatif R Farzand
Published: November 2022

KARAKTERISASI RADIOACTIVE FISSION WASTE (RFW) DARI PRODUKSI RADIOISOTOP LUTESIUM-177 MENGGUNAKAN PROGRAM ORIGEN2. Jenis maupun jumlah limbah radioaktif hasil produksi nuklir terus meningkat seiring dengan berkembangnya pemanfaatan teknologi nuklir sehingga diperlukan pengelolaan yang baik agar tidak membahayakan masyarakat atau lingkungan. Produksi radioisotop untuk kedokteran nuklir menjadi salah satu sumber limbah radioaktif yang dihasilkan reaktor nuklir. Beberapa radiosotop yang diproduksi di teras Reaktor Serba Guna G.A Siwabessy (RSG–GAS) di antaranya Molibdenum-99, Iodium-125, Iridium-192 dan Lutesium-177 (177Lu). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakterisasi limbah produksi 177Lu yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan program komputer ORIGEN2 untuk mendapatkan sifat-sifat limbah RFW sehingga diperoleh teknik pengolahan limbah yang sesuai. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan karakterisasi limbah radioaktif pada produksi radioisotop 177Lu dari Target Lu2O3 pada berbagai posisi CIP pada daya 15 MWt dan 30 MWt dengan lama waktu iradiasi pada masing-masing tingkat daya selama 8 dan 12 hari. Dalam produksi radioisotop, target diiradiasi di fasilitas iradiasi  teras RSG-GAS, target ditempatkan dalam ampul kuarsa yang kemudian ditempatkan di kapsul dalam (inner capsule) aluminium. Kemudian inner capsule aluminium tersebut dimasukkan ke dalam kapsul luar dan ditempatkan ke posisi iradiasi. Pasca Iradiasi target didinginkan dan selanjutnya dilakukan pengambilan radioisotop 177Lu. Pengambilan sampel radioisotop pasca iradiasi membentuk beberapa jenis limbah. Salah satunya adalah limbah fisi radioaktif (RFW) sebagai produk sampingan dengan sifat yang berbeda-beda. Selain dari target, limbah radioaktof juga dapat dihasilkan dari kapsul target. Iradiasi target membuat kapsul target yang terbuat dari kuarsa dan aluminium juga teraktivasi dan menjadi radioaktif. Maka dari itu dilakukan perhitungan konsentrasi aktivitas limbah hasil produksi radioisotop 177Lu. Hasil karakterisasi limbah RFW menggunakan program komputer ORIGEN2 dengan variasi fluks di berbagai posisi CIP pada daya 15 MWt maupun 30 MWt dengan lama iradiasi 8 maupun 12 hari diperoleh total konsentrasi aktivitas limbah dari produksi radioisotop 177Lu memiliki konsentrasi aktivitas diantara 1,06x1016 – 1,24x1016 Bq/g. Oleh karena itu, Limbah radioaktif RFW hasil produksi 177Lu diklasifikasikan dalam limbah radioaktif tingkat sedang berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah mengenai pengelolaan limbah radioaktif dan diperlukan pengelolaan yang teliti guna menjamin keselamatan.Kata kunci: RFW, Radioisotop, Lutesium-177, ORIGEN.
Immunosenescence and ACE2 protein expression: Association with SARS-CoV-2 in older adults
Authors: Gustavo Acosta Altamirano , Carlos E Miguel Rodríguez , María del Rocío Reyes-Montes , Esperanza Duarte-Escalante , Rocío Acosta-Reyes , Carlos U Torres-Estrella , Omar E Valencia-Ledezma
Published: November 2022

At the end of 2019, in Wuhan, China, an outbreak of cases of respiratory tract infection emerged and its progressive infection mainly affects adults, generating many cases of pneumonia. A type of coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2, with genomic similarity to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, was identified as the etiological agent. The evolution of this pandemic has made it possible to verify the similarity in the pathophysiological mechanisms between these three viruses, identifying the Angiotensin-Converting protein-Enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the primary receptor for SARS-CoV-2. This age group is more prone to developing extrapulmonary complications from SARS-CoV-2 since the clinical and pathological findings suggest a particular relationship between greater expression of ACE2 and the comorbidities of chronic degenerative diseases and the greater expression of ACE2 at the level of the respiratory tract. It has also revealed the mechanisms by which the virus evades the innate immune response and the Th1-type adaptive response. The objective of this work was to analyze immunosenescence and its relationship with SARS-CoV-2 infection, through the review of the most recent articles (2021-2022), which describes the senescent state of the elderly. In addition, it intends to highlight the probable causes for which the most vulnerable population group (adults over 60 years of age) is more prone to presenting complications during the infection.
Experimental assessment of the temperature state of tractor diesel pistons
Authors: Belov Vyacheslav P. , Apelinskiy Dmitry V. , Bezhenar Vadim N.
Published: November 2022

INTRODUCTION: The paper presents the operating conditions of tractor diesel engines that cause the appearance of thermal fatigue cracks on the edges of the piston combustion chamber. The presence of sharp edges of the combustion chamber in the pistons, which are stress concentrators, leads to an increase in the probability of their destruction and thereby limits the engine life of the diesel engine. The main reasons for the formation of cracks in the zone of the edge of the combustion chamber are indicated.
AIMS: The aim of this study is the assessment of the temperature state of pistons of the D-240 and the D-245 tractor diesel engines, produced by Minsk Motor Plant (MMP).
METHODS: Temperature gauging was carried out according to the method in order to identify the nature of changing of piston heads temperatures under stationary and nonstationary operation modes of diesel engines. Transfering of thermal electromotive force from thermocouples to measuring devices was carried out by means of an intermittent current collector. Imitaion of nonstationary operation modes was carried out by means of changing the cyclic feed of a high pressure fuel pump, using a reversible electric motor.
RESULTS: The data of the temperature state of pistons under various stationary and nonstationary operation modes of engines is provided. It is noted that the temperature state of the D-245 diesel pistons has a higher level of heat stress compared to the D-240 diesel pistons. The maximum amplitude of low-frequency temperature fluctuations at the edge of the combustion chamber and their radial differences along the piston bottom are determined, depending on the parameters of thermal loading cycles. It is noted that the most dangerous modes of diesel operation, in terms of the destruction of the edge of the combustion chamber, are sharply changing modes (eg.: theloading unloading mode).
CONCLUSIONS: It is proposed to increase the fuel injection advance angle in the thermal loading cycle in order to conduct accelerated comparative tests of piston variants for thermal resistance. The developed thermal loading cycle, in which the total duration of the load increase is 180 s and the total duration of the load decrease is 90 s, can be recommended for accelerated motor tests of pistons for thermal cycling resistance. The obtained temperature measurement data is recommended to clarify boundary conditions of the first kind when calculating the piston using the FEM method.
Distribution of water sectors in patients in chronic critical illness: Early rehabilitation stage
Authors: Yakovleva Alexandra V. , Orekhova Zinaida M. , Shestopalov Alexander E. , Petrova Marina V.
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND: Fluid therapy in the intensive care unit is not only one of the most common components of therapy but also one of the most controversial and widely discussed. The choice of volume and type of infusion is a multifactorial issue. Currently, the search continues for a convenient non-invasive method that can be used to assess the water composition of the patients body.
AIM: To analyze the distribution of fluid sectors in patients with chronic critical illness using bioimpedance with standard fluid therapy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 63 patients with chronic critical illness (CCI) after brain damage (men, n=28; women, n=35; average age, 5419 years). According to nosology, 22 patients had ischemic stroke; 17, traumatic brain injury; 14, hemorrhagic stroke; 7, condition after brain surgery; and 2, post-hypoxic conditions. The study was conducted in the morning before breakfast using the analyzer of bioimpedance metabolic processes and body composition ABC-02 Medass. A total of 140 measurements were conducted.
RESULTS: In most cases, the volume of the total body water (TBW) in patients was within the age and sex norm (78.6%); however, the volume of extracellular water (ECW) reached normal values only in 45.7%. Moreover, both indicators were simultaneously within the normal range only in 44.3%. In addition, TBW and ECW did not coincide at 35.7%. The most common option was an increase in ECW while maintaining a normal TBW (24.3%). When conducting a correlation analysis of TBW and ECW indicators with biochemical blood test data (a decrease in the total protein level and albumin level), the strength of the relationship between the correlation coefficients of the samples on the Chaddock scale turned out to be very weak for all options considered.
CONCLUSIONS: In patients in CCI after brain damage, there may be an accumulation of water in the extracellular space without visible edema in 50% of the patients, whereas the TBW indicator is within the age and sex norm in 24.3%. This indicator does not depend on either the level of hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia.
Rare localization of avascular necrosis during treatment of COVID-19 with glucocorticosteroids
Authors: Gonchar Anna P. , Blokhin Ivan A. , Shumskaya Yuliya F.
Published: November 2022

The development of bony avascular necrosis induced by glucocorticoid treatment of COVID-19 is a common adverse effect, with femoral head being the most commonly affected. Timely detection of avascular necrosis is important in the prevention of osteoarthrosis and other complications.
We present a clinical case of a 54-year-old patient hospitalized for novel coronavirus infection with complaints of severe pain in both knees 2 weeks after the disease onset. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed pronounced changes in both knees, corresponding to avascular necrosis. The results of conservative therapy, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and bisphosphonate bone resorption inhibitors, produced a pronounced positive result. At follow-up examination 3 months later, there was no pain, but the knee joints still had slight restrictions of movement. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a significant decrease in the previously detected changes.
The side effects of glucocorticoids (impaired glucose tolerance, increased blood pressure, tachycardia, gastrointestinal erosive ulcers, sleep disorders, etc.) are widely known, but knee osteonecrosis caused by steroid intake rarely comes to the attention of clinicians. This clinical case emphasizes the complex nature of osteonecrosis pathogenesis and demonstrates a wide range of complications in corticosteroid therapy.
Бессимптомные метастазы в кости при раке молочной железы. «Лечить нельзя наблюдать» — где можно поставить запятую?
Authors: Багрова С. Г.
Published: November 2022

Метастатическое поражение костей при раке молочной железы является актуальной проблемой. Большинству пациентов показано назначение остеомодифицирующей терапии. В статье определен портрет пациентки, для которой применение антирезорбтивных средств может быть отложено или отменено.
Молекулярный профиль нейроэндокринных опухолей
Authors: Исянгулова А. З. , Гордиев М. Г.
Published: November 2022

Рост заболеваемости нейроэндокринными опухолями увеличивает интерес к изучению генетического ландшафта новообразований. В большей степени нейроэндокринные опухоли (НЭО) исследованы в контексте наследственных генетических синдромов, включая гены, такие как MEN1, VHL, TSC1 / TSC2, NF1 и CDKN1B. Взаимосвязь между наследственными (генеративными) мутациями в генах системы репараций ДНК и нейроэндокринными опухолями на сегодня практически не изучена.

В условиях ГАУЗ «Республиканский клинический онкологический диспансер Министерства здравоохранения Республики Татарстан имени профессора М. З. Сигала» был изучен молекулярный профиль пациентов с диагнозом «нейроэндокринная опухоль» в зависимости от наследственного анамнеза. В проведенном исследовании у каждого четвертого пациента обнаруживались патогенные мутации. У 33 % пациентов при наличии наследственного анамнеза выявлены патогенные, либо условно-патогенные мутации
Clinical significance of club cell protein CC16 in respiratory medicine
Authors: Shapovalova M. M. , Avdeev S. N. , Budnevsky A. V. , Tribuntseva L. V.
Published: November 2022

One of the most important areas of modern medicine is the search for molecular biomarkers that open up new possibilities in fundamental research of pathological processes, allowing to diagnose human diseases with high accuracy and to implement a personalized approach to prescribe effective therapy. Currently, one of the promising molecular biomarkers in respiratory medicine is club cell protein (CC16, or secretory globulin SCGB1A1). Club-shaped cells are known to be involved in pulmonary homeostasis and regulate the progression of acute and chronic inflammatory processes in the bronchopulmonary system. Immunomodulation and regulation of inflammation by club-shaped cells is mediated by secretion of CC16 protein, which has pronounced anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-tumor properties.

The aim of the review is to collect and analyze data from recent domestic and foreign studies on the role of club-shaped cells and their CC16 protein in physiological and pathological processes in the airways.

Conclusion. Based on the data of domestic and foreign studies presented in the review, it can be concluded that club-shaped cells and their secretory globulin SCGB1A1 play an important role in the physiological and pathological processes in the respiratory tract. Thus, club cell protein may serve as a molecular biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring the progression of certain bronchopulmonary diseases, for individual assessment of the treatment efficacy, and as a basis for the development of new therapies in respiratory medicine.
Various approaches to improving adherence of patients with tuberculosis. Prospects for the use of additive technologies in TB practice
Authors: Naumov A. G. , Shprykov A. S.
Published: November 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global problem up to this day. Against the background of the successes achieved in the fight against this infection, many problems have not yet been fully solved. These problems include drug resistance of the pathogen, comorbidity and multimorbidity of TB, the search for new types of drugs, the management and prevention of undesirable side effects of long-term chemotherapy, etc. These problems can only be solved through collaboration between health care professionals and patients. Timely abacillation, closing of decay cavities and stabilization of the clinical condition are practically impossible without such cooperation. Therefore, an important task of phthisiology is to stabilize the patient’s adherence to anti-TB therapy throughout the course of treatment.

The aim of the review is to describe existing and innovative ways to improve the level of adherence of TB patients to anti-TB therapy.

Conclusion. Current methods to improve adherence of TB patients, both in Russia and other countries, need to be improved and adequately funded. Additive technologies that more effectively reduce the risks of unmotivated discontinuation of polychemotherapy may be the solution.
The role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Budnevsky A. V. , Avdeev S. N. , Ovsyannikov E. S. , Savushkina I. A. , Shkatova Ya. S. , Shishkina V. V.
Published: November 2022

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of major causes of chronic noncommunicable diseases and mortality worldwide. The roles of macrophages, T-lymphocytes, neutrophils, and other cells in the development of chronic inflammation in this disease are well studied, but more and more researchers have focused on mast cells (MC) in recent years.

The aim of this work is to summarize the data of experimental and clinical studies on the possible role of MCs in the pathogenesis of COPD. To this end, the review analyzed data on the relationship between MCs and respiratory function parameters in COPD, as well as the distribution of MCs subpopulations in different parts of the respiratory tract. The involvement of proteases (chymase and tryptase) in the development of inflammatory and fibrotic changes in COPD is discussed. The review presents research findings that indicate the possible involvement of chymase in pulmonary artery remodeling, increased secretion of mucins, and slowing down the airway epithelial repair. The role of MC tryptase in the development of fibrotic changes in the lungs and airways in COPD is also highlighted. A separate section of the review is devoted to chemokines that promote MC migration and their specific receptor. Chemokines play a special role in the development of inflammation in COPD.

Conclusion. The available data suggest that MCs play a major role in the pathogenesis of COPD. Because of the inconsistency of some results, further clinical studies in larger cohorts of patients are needed.
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: diagnosis and treatment-related issues
Authors: Anaev E. Kh. , Kniajeskaia N. P.
Published: November 2022

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare systemic necrotizing vasculitis of small to medium-sized vessels associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA). EGPA is usually diagnosed in patients with bronchial asthma (BA) and is characterized by a predominant lesion of the lungs, skin, and peripheral nervous system. ANCAs to myeloperoxidase are detected in 1/3 of patients with EGPA. Presence or absence of ANCAs differentiates 2 disease phenotypes with different clinical characteristics and prognosis. New opportunities for the treatment of EGPA appeared after identification of the key role of eosinophils in EGPA and development of targeted drugs for the treatment of eosinophilic BA that are being studied now. Aim of the review is to highlight modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with EGPA, primarily through the use of targeted biological therapy. Conclusion. EGPA is a multisystem disease with ambivalent manifestations associated with eosinophilic or ANCA-mediated small vessel injuries. Currently, there is no “gold standard” for the diagnosis of EGPA, although the efficacy of pharmacological therapy is directly related to early detection and timely initiation of treatment. Monoclonal antibodies targeting interleukin-5 (IL-5) are an effective alternative to conventional systemic corticosteroids used alone or in combination with immunosuppressants (cyclophosphamide for induction and azathioprine for maintenance therapy) in patients with severe/refractory disease and unfavorable prognosis. The clinical benefits of the targeted anti-IL-5 drug mepolizumab were confirmed in a randomized controlled trial, and this drug was approved for the treatment of patients with EGPA. Currently, new drugs, including targeted ones, are being tested for induction and maintenance therapy. Pulmonologists and rheumatologists should coordinate patient management to improve the results of treatment and the prognosis of the disease.
Essential oil of Thymus vulgaris on the sanitary and physiological quality of seeds of Caesalpinia ferrea
Authors: Feitosa da Silva Diana , Vargas Borges Elizene , Ribeiro Coutinho Pablo Wenderson
Published: November 2022

As for most plant species occurring in forests, Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. Ex Tul. has been presenting some phytosanitary problems, and thus research efforts have been increased considering the use of alternative treatments using as basis essential oils like Thymus vulgaris L., which is responsible for antimicrobial activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the essential oil from thyme on the sanitary and physiological quality of ironwood seeds. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with four repetitions with 50 seeds. The treatments considered the use of the thyme essential oil at concentrations of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10%. The ironwood seeds were obtained from matrices taken at random, moved to the laboratory, where sanitary evaluations were carried out using the Blotter test method in 25±2°C temperature and in a 12h photoperiod. After 7 days, with the aid of a microscope, fungi were identified. Next, physiological analysis were conducted — germination, first count of germination, and germination speed index. Measurements of the shoot and root parts of the seedlings, shoot dry matter, and root dry matter were taken. According to the obtained results in this work, it was verified that the T. vulgaris dry matter in all concentrations presented different results, noting that when the oil concentration increases, the occurrence of pathogens decreases, which proves that the T. vulgaris essential oil has specific action on some genera of fungi.
Physicochemical analysis of a gongocomposite in the initial production of crisp lettuce seedlings
Authors: Rodrigues Gomes Amarildo , Buzatt Castilho Luan , Candido Duarte Edmilson , Vargas Borges Elizene , Ribeiro Coutinho Pablo Wenderson
Published: November 2022

Tree pruning in urban centers generates residues, which can be used as organic composites in the production of crisp lettuce seedlings. Given the above, the aim of this work was to perform a physicochemical analysis of the gongocomposite in the production of crisp lettuce seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a rural property in Reserva do Cabaçal-MT, with a completely randomized design comprising five treatments and five replications. To obtain the substrates, the gongocomposite was made from Trigoniulus corallinus, in the following proportions: 40% of Paspalum notatum (grass) + 30% of the pruning residues of tree species Terminalia catappa, Licania tomentosa, Senna siamea, and Albizia lebbeck composed of leaves, leaflets, and fine branches, dried and crushed, where the process lasted 120 days. Substrates were evaluated regarding physical and chemical properties. At 24 days after sowing, shoot fresh and dry mass, root fresh and dry mass, root volume, seedling vigor, and stability of lettuce clods were measured. The gongocomposite from the grass (Paspalum notatum) + oiti + albizia (40% + 30% pruning residues + 30% pruning residues) presented better physicochemical characteristics and better initial development of lettuce seedlings.
ICB Nutrisolo Trichoderma® as growth promoter in soybean crops
Authors: Santos Matsumura Aida Teresinha , Santos Matsumura Akio , Silva Marcia Heloísa , Ribas e Ribas Aicha Daniela , Trapp Grassotti Tiela , Matsumura Akira Santos
Published: November 2022

Soybean is the most important crop in the world due to growing external demand. Nevertheless, its production requires a high use of pesticides. Trichoderma is a fungal genus with the potential to promote plant growth because of its broad metabolic arsenal. Because it increases efficiency in several cultures, Trichoderma spp. have the potential to be used as an alternative to chemicals. Given this context, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of the ICB Nutrisolo Trichoderma® inoculant on parameters related to soybean growth and production. Crops with five different soil and climate conditions were evaluated in Rio Grande do Sul State (southern Brazil) using parameters such as average plant height, average plant population, average number of grains/pod, number of pods/plant average, and average weight of one thousand grains, which revealed the results of productivity. The ICB Nutrisolo Trichoderma® increased plant height, number of pods, and grain weight, consequently increasing productivity in soybean plants. In this way, it was possible to characterize the product ICB Nutrisolo Trichoderma® as a growth-promoting inoculant for the soybean crop, increasing the scope of product registration.
Soil resistance to penetration in integrated crop-livestock with grazing intensities and fertilization
Authors: Bratti Felipe , Locatelli Jorge Luiz , Ribeiro Ricardo Henrique , Romani de Mello Guilherme , Renan Besen Marcos , Thiago Piva Jonatas
Published: November 2022

Soil compaction periodic monitoring through soil penetration resistance (PR) has been a rapid, easy, and economic way to evaluate the different management systems on soil physical attributes effect. The aim was to evaluate the grazing intensities and nitrogen fertilization effect in two winter/summer seasons (black oat/corn/black oat/soybean) on soil PR in an integrated crop-livestock system. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a factorial 2×3 [2 black oat pasture residual heights (15 and 7 cm), under rotational grazing × 3 nitrogen rates applied to pasture (0, 75 and 150 kg N ha-1)], with 4 repetitions. Soil PR was measured using an electronic penetrograph to an 80 cm depth. Soil samples were collected to determine gravimetric moisture. In the first year, 75 kg N ha-1 resulted in the highest depth compaction while intensive grazing (7 cm) resulted in the highest PR. In the second year, plots without N resulted in lower PR levels, mainly in the superficial layers. However, the rate of 150 kg N ha-1 presented greater compaction in the 15-20 cm layer after grazing. The high moisture levels in depth reduced PR in all evaluated periods, highlighting the close relationship between both variables. General grazing heights did not affect PR, but the use of systems that increase residues production, as moderate grazing and nitrogen fertilization might be an alternative to mitigate the soil compaction in surface layers effects.
Strawberry cultivars fruit production and postharvest from two types of saplings
Authors: Trevizan Chiomento José Luís , Dos Santos Trentin Thomas , Fernandes de Lima Turmina Ana Paula , Fornari Michele , Viau Dos Santos Matheus , Trevisan de Miranda Débora
Published: November 2022

The establishment of strawberry crops in southern Brazil is conditioned on the delivery of bare-root saplings imported from Argentina and/or Chile. An alternative to reduce dependence on the acquisition of these saplings is their replacement by clod-rooted saplings that form a clod. However, information on the agronomic performance of clod-rooted saplings is scarce. The aim of this work was to investigate whether the association between types of saplings and strawberry cultivars alters fruit production and postharvest. The treatments were three cultivars (Fronteras, Monterey and Portola) and two types of saplings (bare-root and rooted in a clod), arranged in a randomized block design, with three replications. The productive potential and chemical quality of fruits were evaluated. Plants from saplings rooted in clods showed higher number and fruit production. Plants from bare -root saplings produced larger fruits. The postharvest of fruits was not altered by the treatments. It is concluded that the productive potential and postharvest of fruits of strawberry cultivars is not associated with the types of saplings studied. Regardless of the cultivar, plants from saplings rooted in clods are more productive. The three cultivars tested, of saplings with bare-roots or rooted in clods, present a balanced relationship between sugar and acidity, giving the desired flavor to the fruits in their postharvest period.