bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genes in the Chagra: Crop and Crop Wild Relative Landesque Capital among Amazonian Runa in Ecuador
Authors: White John Robert , Monteros Altamirano Álvaro
Published: May 2024

This study delves into the relationship between human cultures and plant genetic diversity, centering on the expanded concept of landesque capital. Traditionally, this term has encapsulated human-made environmental modifications, such as anthropogenic soils or terraces, that can yield long-term benefits. We extend this notion to embrace the genetic diversity and dynamics of crops and crop wild relative (CWR) gene pools. The investigation focuses on the Napo Runa of Ecuador and their cultural practices, including selection, seed saving, and transplantation, to highlight potential models of selection pressures affecting crop-CWR complexes and any cultural practices connected to either. In doing so, we aim to underscore the interconnected and multispecies nature of the relationships among genetic diversity and cultural diversity. Changes in the genetic makeup of one plant, induced by human interaction, can affect its cultivated counterparts through hybridization or future breeding programs, thereby influencing agricultural resilience, nutritional value, and the very cultural practices dependent on these crops or any related to them. Consequently, we argue for a focused examination of plant-based forms of landesque capital or any gene pool-based form, including animals or microbial life. This approach highlights the importance of interconnecting biocultural diversity between cultivated plants and their “wild” relatives and recognizing the intricate interdependencies between cultural practices and gene pools in the face of environmental challenges.
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, simultaneously diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus in an Arabic female: an agonizing combination
Authors: Gouda Wesam , Alsaqabi Faisal , Almurshed Maryam , Mostafa Ashraf A. , Albasri Anwar , Negm Ahmed , Islam Md Asiful , Kamal Mohamed
Published: May 2024

Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease (KFD), also known as histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, is a rare, benign condition affecting young Oriental-Asian females. It is characterized by fever and tender cervical lymphadenopathy with an unclear aetiology, and in most longitudinal reviews, KFD occurs before systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Herein, the case of a 28-year-old Kuwaiti female without any relevant past medical history, who was simultaneously diagnosed with KFD and SLE following an Ebstein–Barr virus infection, is reported. The patient was treated with oral prednisolone, hydroxychloroquine, cyclosporin, and belimumab and her response was clinically and biochemically favourable. Although KFD is prevalent in Asian populations, it may affect all races. Early diagnosis of KFD is difficult, particularly when simultaneously diagnosed with SLE, but crucial to preventing inappropriate therapy. Clinicians need to know about this rare disease, especially when patients present with fever and swollen lymph nodes, due to a risk of misdiagnosis with tuberculosis or lymphoma, as these are more often thought to be the cause of such symptoms.
Deep reinforcement learning-based reactive trajectory planning method for UAVs
Authors: Cao Lijia , Wang Lin , Liu Yang , Xu Weihong , Geng Chuang
Published: May 2024

In order to improve the ability of avoiding dynamic threats during the flight of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), a deep reinforcement learning-based reactive trajectory planning method is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a constrained Rapidly-exploring Random Tree-Connect algorithm (C-RRT-Connect) is proposed as the basic algorithm of reactive trajectory planning to globally plan for avoiding static obstacles in the environment. The C-RRT-Connect algorithm introduces the idea of target attraction to constrain the optimal growth point in the RRT-Connect algorithm. Then, based on the global trajectory, the local optimization is carried out according to the dynamic threats detected by the UAV during the flight. According to the real-time relative state between the UAV and the detected dynamic threat, the reaction sampling points and directional coefficients for avoiding the corresponding dynamic threat are generated online via the action network trained with the depth deterministic policy gradient algorithm (DDPG). And then the local trajectory is adjusted to modify the flight trajectory of the UAV to achieve reactive obstacle avoidance. The simulation experiment firstly compares the global trajectory planning performance of C-RRT-Connect and RRT-Connect in static environment, and secondly compares the local trajectory planning performance of DDPG algorithm and the artificial potential field method in dynamic environment. The experimental results show that in static environment, C-RRT-Connect algorithm has faster searching speed, less invalid samples and higher searching trajectory quality than RRT-Connect algorithm; In a dynamic environment, DDPG algorithm reduces the average running time by about 26% compared with the artificial potential field method, and has a stronger ability to evade dynamic threats in real time.
Establishment of Induced Pancreatic Stem Cells by Yes-Associated Protein 1
Authors: Noguchi Hirofumi , Miyagi-Shiohira Chika , Nakashima Yoshiki , Onishi Yuka , Saitoh Issei , Watanabe Masami
Published: May 2024

Recently, we and others generated induced tissue-specific stem/progenitor (iTS/iTP) cells. The advantages of iTS/iTP cells compared with induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are (1) easier generation, (2) efficient differentiation, and (3) no teratomas formation. In this study, we generated mouse induced pancreatic stem cells (iTS-P cells) by the plasmid vector expressing Yes-associated protein 1 ( YAP). The iTS-P YAP9 cells expressed Foxa2 (endoderm marker) and Pdx1 (pancreatic marker) while the expressions of Oct3/4 and Nanog (marker of embryonic stem [ES] cells) in iTS-P YAP9 cells was significantly lower compared with those in ES cells. The iTS-P YAP9 cells efficiently differentiated into insulin-expressing cells compared with ES cells. The ability to generate autologous iTS cells may be applied to diverse applications of regenerative medicine.
Increasing Restorative Sleep Among Adults With Depressive Symptoms: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Smura Thomas , Hammonds Linda Sue , Griffin Caroline M.
Published: May 2024

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that 34.8% of adults in the United States experience non-restorative sleep. The restorative theory of sleep is based on sleep as a means for the restoration of cellular function that is needed for activities when awake. Non-restorative sleep leads to awakening feeling unrefreshed and not ready for the activities of the day three or more times weekly. Aims: The aim of this quality improvement project was to increase restorative sleep by increasing the average amount of sleep over units of 24 h, decreasing perceived insufficient sleep, and decreasing episodes of unintended daytime sleep among patients with depressive symptoms ages 18 to 80 years in an outpatient mental health clinic. Methods: Ten patients with depressive symptoms and reporting non-restorative sleep volunteered to participate in the project. Participants kept a sleep diary and followed principles of healthy sleep such as limiting time in bed and going to bed at the same time nightly. The change in and the average amount of sleep over 24 h and daytime sleepiness were evaluated using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Results: All participants achieved at least one more day of restorative sleep, with nine increasing restorative sleep by at least 30 min per day, and nine having no episodes of unintentionally falling asleep.
Field measurement of track vibration induced by full-load and empty-load condition in curve section of underground metro line
Authors: Shen Longjiang , He Shizhong , Lai Xinsheng , Liu Qingjie
Published: May 2024

In order to compare the differences in vibration before and after wheel re-profiling and assess the vibration impact of train under full-load and empty-load condition, the field vibration measurement was conducted on an underground metro track components (including rail, sleeper, and track-bed) by using a specific testing car. The results indicate that wheel re-profiling is effective in reducing track vibration, within the frequency range of 31.5–1250 Hz, the vibration acceleration levels of the track after wheel re-profiling were notably lower than those prior to re-profiling and the vibration acceleration levels of the rail, sleeper, and track-bed decrease by 4.7 dB, 6.6 dB, and 6.7 dB, respectively. In the frequency domain, the characteristic peak frequencies of the three track components, whether under full load or empty load, align closely with the frequencies associated with track irregularities. Full-load condition primarily affects the vibration acceleration at lower frequencies, with minor influence on higher frequencies. The vibration acceleration levels of all three track components are higher under full load than empty load. Additionally, under full-load condition, the transmission loss from the rail to the sleeper increases, while the transmission loss from the sleeper to the ballast remains nearly constant. The results of vibration acceleration levels obtained from routine vehicle operations validate the limited impact of axle load on track components vibration.
Toward an operationality perspective on fandom: Exploring Chinese fans’ emerging practices in platform-mediated environments
Authors: Cui Di , Wu Fang
Published: May 2024

The rise of platforms has reshaped fan participation. Based on participant observation and in-depth interviews, this study examined celebrity fandom in China, where the Internet-powered entertainment industry and fan economy have flourished. We propose an operationality perspective as a wider-angle lens to conceptualize the multitude of fan practices emerging in platform-mediated environments. Moving beyond the text-centered approach, the operationality perspective sees fans’ platform practices (e.g. cross-platform engagement, curation of fan texts, data work) as a new logic of participation in digital fandom that could generate distinct identities and lifestyles. Operationality can be understood as a set of strategies fans employ in response to the growing influence of platformization. Operationality not only enables fans to align their practices with platform interests, but also affords them opportunities to negotiate their identities and adjust their degree of involvement in fandom.
Children With Cerebral Palsy’s Experiences With Adaptive Climbing: A Qualitative Study on Parents’ Perspectives
Authors: Weinstock-Zlotnick Gwen , Wolff Aviva , Potter Gillian , Robbins Laura
Published: May 2024

Background:

Interest in adaptive sports for children with cerebral palsy (CP) is growing, but current evidence on the benefits and indications for one sport, adaptive climbing, is limited.

Purpose:

We sought to describe perceived changes observed by parents of children with CP who participated in adaptive climbing.

Methods:

Parents whose children with CP participated in 5 or more adaptive climbing sessions were eligible to participate and were emailed a recruitment letter and flyer. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, using a moderator guide. Interviews were transcribed and content analyzed, with data grouped into concepts, categories, and themes until data saturation.

Results:

Ten parents (9 mothers, 1 father) of 10 children with CP (5 girls, 5 boys; ages 7 to 19 years) were interviewed for 15 to 45 minutes each, yielding 4 themes. First, parents perceived that adaptive climbing challenged the children physically (in reach, balance, strength, and head/neck and lower limb motion); second, that it sharpened children’s cognitive skills (in focus, problem-solving, and strategic thinking); third, that it raised children’s confidence (socially, physically, and emotionally); and fourth, that it expanded children’s sense of what they could do (in mastering a challenge, claiming an athletic identity, and participating in a sport like their peers).

Conclusions:

In this qualitative study, parents described physical, cognitive, and psychosocial benefits of adaptive climbing for their children with CP. These descriptions can be used to inform future studies of children with CP who participate in adaptive climbing.
Identifying victims of human trafficking across the island of Ireland: Who counts? Who’s counting? Who wants to be counted?
Authors: Healy Amy Erbe
Published: May 2024

This article presents qualitative findings from a mixed-methods research study examining the extent and nature of human trafficking across the island of Ireland from January 2014 to September 2019. Specifically, this article focuses on information gathered from interviews with service-providers for victims of human trafficking. Participants were asked if they had information regarding victims of trafficking who had not been identified as victims of human trafficking by either An Garda Síochána in the Republic of Ireland or designated ‘first responders’ in Northern Ireland. If so, they were asked why the victims were not identified. Reasons included failure to identify victims by members of the police services and unwillingness of victims to work with the police services for a variety of reasons. To improve the accuracy of human trafficking statistics and provide services to more victims, we recommend that victim identification processes are broadened to include all relevant service-providers.
Utilizing Agent-Based Modeling for Optimization of Wayfinding in Hospital: A Case Study
Authors: Khasraghi Gisou Salkhi , Nejat Ali
Published: May 2024

Objectives:

This research aims to propose a novel methodology for analyzing and optimizing wayfinding in complex environments by examining their spatial configurations.

Background:

Wayfinding difficulties often lead to disorientation and hinder users’ ability to locate destinations. Although architectural design can aid in simplifying user access, existing approaches lack a specific focus on wayfinding optimization despite its significant impact on users’ navigational abilities.

Methods:

In this study, an agent-based model was employed to assess the efficacy of wayfinding in a multistory hospital. Subsequently, the layouts were optimized, leading to the creation of a new space distribution diagram. The simulation was then repeated to examine the potential improvement in wayfinding. Data collection encompassed user types, workflow scenarios, population distribution, and user speed.

Results:

Comparative analysis of the agent-based simulation findings before and after layout optimization revealed a decrease in total distance and time spent on the modified floor plans for all users when compared to the existing layout. This suggests that the optimized layout holds significant potential for enhancing wayfinding performance. Given the positive outcomes observed for users, this approach is particularly well suited for preliminary design stages of complex environments, where designations among user groups are less crucial or flexibility is desired. Additional advantages include the ability to generate a comprehensive simulation of users’ daily workflow, which is integrated into the optimization process and considers specific requirements regarding spatial adjacency.
Affordances-driven ethics for research on mobile instant messaging: Notes from the Global South
Authors: Herrada Hidalgo Nadia , Santos Marcelo , Barbosa Sérgio
Published: May 2024

Mobile instant messaging (MIM) applications have received increasing attention from social science researchers lately. Despite the high frequency of its use for multiple purposes, research in such environments entails specific ethical challenges, more familiar for researchers from the Global South, where MIMs have become an important part of the media landscape for a decade or so. This article discusses the ethical dilemmas that emerged in two distinct cases where authors were part of the research teams, concluding that current frameworks fall short in the sociotechnical dimension. To address this, we complement the casuistic-heuristic model with an affordances-driven approach, which contemplates the agency of the group members within the interactive processes that take place in digital environments and the possibilities and constraints that platforms' features offer during the research process.
Reversible central respiratory events induced by valproic acid treatment: A case report
Authors: Moussa Chirine , Mahmoud Nour , Rouis Houda , Khattab Amel , Khouaja Ibtihel , Bayahi Leila , Zendah Ines , Maâlej Sonia
Published: May 2024

Valproic acid holds a prominent position as the primary therapeutic option for epilepsy cases. The utilization of antiepileptic agents like valproic acid has been linked to disturbances in sleep architecture. Although scant, there exists a subset of studies that allude to the potential manifestation of sleep apnea as an adverse effect of valproic acid administration. In this context, we present a case report of a 76-year-old man with a past medical history of arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome treated with continuous positive airway pressure since 2020. Following the commencement of valproic acid treatment for vascular epilepsy, obstructive sleep apnea evolved toward to central sleep apnea. This case exemplifies the need for a heightened awareness of the multifaceted implications of valproic acid therapy on sleep patterns.
Embracing digital health: German otolaryngology patients’ usage and prospects of digital information and communication technologies for cross-sectoral care
Authors: Holderried Martin , Hoeper Ansgar , Stauss Leonie , Holderried Friederike , Herrmann-Werner Anne , Kestler Hans A , Ernst Christian , Baerhold Friederike , Becker Sven
Published: May 2024

Objective

The usage of digital information and communication technologies in European healthcare is growing. Unlike numerous technological possibilities, the present use of these technologies and perspectives towards them in relation to otolaryngology care have so far been of less interest. This study evaluates the utilisation of and attitudes towards digital information and communication technologies in cross-sectoral otolaryngology care among German patients.

Methods

A structured interview-based study was conducted at the outpatient facility of a tertiary hospital in Germany. It focused on chief complaints, current use of digital technologies, estimated benefits of increased digital technology use in otolaryngology care, and sociodemographic data. The detailed statistical analysis employed Chi-squared tests and multivariate logistic regression.

Results

A total of 208 otolaryngology patients completed the interview. Digital communication technologies exhibited a high penetration rate (91.8%) and were regularly used in daily life (78.7%) and for health reasons (73.3%). Younger age ( p ≤ 0.003) and higher education levels ( p ≤ 0.008) were significantly correlated with the increased digital communication technology use. The overall potential of eHealth technologies was rated significantly higher by younger patients ( p ≤ 0.001). The patients’ chief complaints showed no significant influence on the current and potential use of these technologies for cross-sectoral otolaryngology care.

Conclusion

Regardless of their chief complaints, German otolaryngology patients regularly use digital information and communication technologies for health reasons and express interest in their further use for cross-sectoral care. To enhance digital patient communication in otolaryngology, attention should be given to treatment quality, usability, data security and availability and financial remuneration for service providers.
Discovery, development, and deployment of a user-centered point-of-care digital information system to treat and track hypertension and diabetes patients under India Hypertension Control Initiative 2019–2022, India
Authors: Ganeshkumar Parasuraman , Bhatnagar Aarti , Burka Daniel , Durgad Kiran , Krishna Ashish , Das Bidisha , Chandak Mahima , Sharma Meenakshi , Shivasankar Roopa , Pathni Anupam Khungar , Kunwar Abhishek , Kaur Prabhdeep
Published: May 2024

Background

Hypertension affects 28.5% of Indians aged 18–69. Real-time registration and follow-up of persons with hypertension are possible with point-of-care digital information systems. We intend to describe herein the experiences of discovering, developing, and deploying a point-of-care digital information system for public health facilities under the India Hypertension Control Initiative.

Methods

We have adopted an agile and user-centered approach in each phase in selected states of India since 2017. A multidisciplinary team adopted a hybrid approach with quantitative and qualitative methods, such as contextual inquiries, usability testing, and semi-structured interviews with healthcare workers, to document and monitor utility and usability.

Results

During the discovery phase, we adopted a storyboard technique to understand the requirement of a digital information system. The participatory approach in discovery phase co-designed the information system with the nurses and doctors at Punjab state of India. Simple, which is the developed information system, has a front-end Android mobile application for healthcare workers and a backend dashboard for program managers. As of October 2022, over 24,31,962 patients of hypertension and 8,99,829 diabetes were registered in the information system of 10,017 health facilities. The median duration of registering a new patient was 50 seconds, and for recording a follow-up visit was 14 seconds in the app. High satisfaction was reported in 100 app users’ quarterly interviews.

Conclusion

Simple was implemented by administering a user-centered approach and agile techniques. It demonstrated high utility and usability among users, highlighting the benefits of a user-centered approach for effective digital health solutions.
Biomechanical Comparison of Short-, Mid-, and Long-Length Proximal Femoral Nails for Femoral Intertrochanteric Fracture (AO/OTA 31A3.3) Fixation
Authors: Ando Jiro , Takahashi Tsuneari , Matsumura Tomohiro , Takeshita Katsushi
Published: May 2024

Introduction

In surgeries for unstable AO/OTA 31A3.3 fractures, surgeons use various lengths of intramedullary nails (IMNs). However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the appropriate nail length for these fractures. This study compared the biomechanical properties of IMNs of different lengths for AO/OTA 31A3.3 fractures.

Methods

30 synthetic femora of AO/OTA 31A3.3 fracture model were randomly assigned to the following three groups: short- (170 mm), mid- (235 mm), and long-length (300 mm) nail groups, and were performed fixation surgery. The translation patterns of the constructs were examined by cyclic testing and compared among three groups. Additionally, changes in the neck–shaft and shaft–nail angles after cyclic testing were evaluated using radiological images.

Results

The translation patterns during cyclic loading did not differ among the groups. Conversely, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant difference in the neck–shaft angle change (5.8° ± 1.8°, 2.8° ± 1.3°, and 1.9° ± .9° in the short-, mid-, and long-length groups, respectively; P < .001), and post-hoc analysis revealed that the change was greater in the short-length group than in the mid- and long-length groups ( P < .001 and P < .001, respectively). Furthermore, one-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference in the shaft–nail angle change (3.1° ± 2.1°, 1.4° ± 1.4°, and .1° ± .6° in the short-, mid-, and long-length groups, respectively; P < .001), and post-hoc analysis revealed that the change was greater in the short-length group than in the mid- and long-length groups ( P = .044 and P < .001, respectively).

Conclusions

Short-length nails were associated with relevant changes in the neck–shaft and shaft–nail angles in our AO/OTA 31A3.3 fracture model. Thus, the selection of mid- or long-length nails instead of short-length nails might be better in IMN surgery for these fractures to prevent postoperative varus deformity.
Exploring the roles played by trust and technology in the online investment fraud victimisation process
Authors: Anderson Matthew , March Evita , Land Lesley , Boshuijzen-van Burken Christine
Published: May 2024

This study provides a novel analysis of the roles played by trusting relationships and technology in enabling online investment fraud victimisation. Two hundred self-report victim testimonies collected from online forums were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. The themes that emerged described personal factors that may have increased victimisation risks, how victims perceived their relationship with the scammer and the nature of the scam. The findings suggested the applicability of several existing theories of trust building and technology use to understand the phenomenon of online investment fraud victimisation. Trusting relationship creation is seemingly important for building trust in longer-form scams, as well as shorter-form scams, and rich media is used by scammers both to facilitate hyperpersonal relationships and to enhance the legitimacy of both forms of investment fraud. Victims attempted to use technology to protect themselves from scammers, but these strategies fell short owing to a lack of digital literacy or inadequate technical safeguards. Future studies may further analyse the persuasive messaging used to advertise online investment fraud to understand how victims first become aware of a scam. The findings relating to victim self-protection also raised questions regarding the nature of “victimisation” in the context of online investment fraud, suggesting that future research should seek to explore the role played by online guardianship in online investment fraud further.
Magnetic cobalt metal organic framework for photocatalytic water splitting hydrogen evolution
Authors: Razeghi Mohammad Hossein , Gholipour Ozra , Sardroodi Jaber J. , Keshipour Sajjad , Hassanzadeh Ali
Published: May 2024

Using water as a renewable and safe energy source for hydrogen generation has reduced the need to use toxic fossil fuels. Photocatalytic approaches provide a worthy solution to avoid the high expenditure on complicated electrochemical pathways to promote Hydrogen Evolution Reactions. However, several types of photocatalysts including noble metal-based catalysts have already been in use for this purpose, which are generally considered high-cost as well. The present study aims to use the benefits of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with semiconductor-like characteristics, highly porous structures and high design flexibility. These properties of MOFs allow more efficient and effective mass transport as well as exposure to light.in this paper, using MOF technology and benefiting from the characteristics of Fe3O4 nanoparticles as catalyst support for more efficient separation of catalyst, we have synthesized a novel composite. Our proposed photocatalyst demonstrates efficient harvest of light in all wavelengths from UV to visible to generate electron/hole pairs suitable for water splitting with a turnover frequency of 0.222 h−1 at ambient conditions without requiring any additives.

Graphical abstract
Comparative proteomic analysis of the ovarian fluid and eggs of Siberian sturgeon
Authors: Kodzik Natalia , Ciereszko Andrzej , Szczepkowska Bożena , Malinowska Agata , Dietrich Mariola Aleksandra
Published: May 2024

Background

Sturgeon species are living fossils that exhibit unique reproductive characteristics, and elucidation of the molecular processes governing the formation and quality of sturgeon eggs is crucial. However, comprehensive data on the protein composition of sturgeon ovarian fluid (OF) and eggs and their functional significance are lacking. To address this knowledge gap, the aim of the present study was to conduct a comprehensive comparative proteomic analysis of Siberian sturgeon OF and eggs using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS).

Results

A total of 617 proteins were identified in OF, and 565 proteins were identified in eggs. A total of 772 proteins showed differential abundance. Among the differentially abundant proteins, 365 were more abundant in OFs, while 407 were more abundant in eggs. We identified 339 proteins unique to OFs and 287 proteins specific to eggs, and further investigated the top 10 most abundant proteins in each. The functional annotation of the OF proteins highlighted their predominant association with immune system processes, including the complement and coagulation cascade, neutrophil and leukocyte-mediated immunity, cholesterol metabolism, and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Analysis of egg proteins revealed enrichment in metabolic pathways, such as oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid metabolism, and protein ubiquitination and translation. OF-specific proteins included extracellular matrix and secretory vesicles, and eggs were enriched in proteins localized to mitochondria and ribosome components.

Conclusions

This study presents the first comprehensive characterization of the protein composition of sturgeon OF and eggs and elucidates their distinct functional roles. These findings advance our understanding of sturgeon reproduction, OF-egg signaling and the origin of OF proteins. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange Consortium with the dataset identifier PXD044168 to ensure accessibility for further research.
Integrative analysis of transcriptome and target metabolites uncovering flavonoid biosynthesis regulation of changing petal colors in Nymphaea ‘Feitian 2’
Authors: Zhou Xian , Wang Xiaohan , Wei Haohui , Zhang Huijin , Wu Qian , Wang Liangsheng
Published: May 2024

Background

Nymphaea (waterlily) is known for its rich colors and role as an important aquatic ornamental plant globally. Nymphaea atrans and some hybrids, including N. ‘Feitian 2,’ are more appealing due to the gradual color change of their petals at different flower developmental stages. The petals of N. ‘Feitian 2’ gradually change color from light blue-purple to deep rose-red throughout flowering. The mechanism of the phenomenon remains unclear.

Results

In this work, flavonoids in the petals of N. ‘Feitian 2’ at six flowering stages were examined to identify the influence of flavonoid components on flower color changes. Additionally, six cDNA libraries of N. ‘Feitian 2’ over two blooming stages were developed, and the transcriptome was sequenced to identify the molecular mechanism governing petal color changes. As a result, 18 flavonoid metabolites were identified, including five anthocyanins and 13 flavonols. Anthocyanin accumulation during flower development is the primary driver of petal color change. A total of 12 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were uncovered, and these DEGs were significantly positively correlated with anthocyanin accumulation. Six structural genes were ultimately focused on, as their expression levels varied significantly across different flowering stages. Moreover, 104 differentially expressed transcription factors (TFs) were uncovered, and three MYBs associated with flavonoid biosynthesis were screened. The RT-qPCR results were generally aligned with high-throughput sequencing results.

Conclusions

This research offers a foundation to clarify the mechanisms underlying changes in the petal color of waterlilies.
A high-affinity potassium transporter (MeHKT1) from cassava (Manihot esculenta) negatively regulates the response of transgenic Arabidopsis to salt stress
Authors: Luo Minghua , Chu Jing , Wang Yu , Chang Jingyan , Zhou Yang , Jiang Xingyu
Published: May 2024

Background

High-affinity potassium transporters (HKTs) are crucial in facilitating potassium uptake by plants. Many types of HKTs confer salt tolerance to plants through regulating K+ and Na+ homeostasis under salinity stress. However, their specific functions in cassava (Manihot esculenta) remain unclear.

Results

Herein, an HKT gene (MeHKT1) was cloned from cassava, and its expression is triggered by exposure to salt stress. The expression of a plasma membrane-bound protein functions as transporter to rescue a low potassium (K+) sensitivity of yeast mutant strain, but the complementation of MeHKT1 is inhibited by NaCl treatment. Under low K+ stress, transgenic Arabidopsis with MeHKT1 exhibits improved growth due to increasing shoot K+ content. In contrast, transgenic Arabidopsis accumulates more Na+ under salt stress than wild-type (WT) plants. Nevertheless, the differences in K+ content between transgenic and WT plants are not significant. Additionally, Arabidopsis expressing MeHKT1 displayed a stronger salt-sensitive phenotype.

Conclusion

These results suggest that under low K+ condition, MeHKT1 functions as a potassium transporter. In contrast, MeHKT1 mainly transports Na+ into cells under salt stress condition and negatively regulates the response of transgenic Arabidopsis to salt stress. Our results provide a reference for further research on the function of MeHKT1, and provide a basis for further application of MeHKT1 in cassava by molecular biological means.
Evaluation of blood pressure variation in recovered COVID-19 patients at one-year follow-up: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Azami Pouria , Vafa Reza Golchin , Heydarzadeh Reza , Sadeghi Mehrdad , Amiri Farhang , Azadian Alireza , Khademolhosseini Amin , Yousefi Mina , Montaseri Mohammad , Hosseini Nazanin , Hosseini Seyed Ali , Kojuri Javad
Published: May 2024

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has various sequelae, one of which might be hypertension. We aimed to evaluate COVID-19’s impact on blood pressure (BP) in non-hospitalized patients at one-year follow-up.

Method

A total of 7,950 consecutive COVID-19 patients regularly visiting our cardiology clinic were retrospectively screened. Patients’ electronic medical records including demographics, comorbidities, vital signs, treatments, and outcomes, were reviewed by two physicians. Individuals with at least one BP measurement in the three months preceding COVID-19 and one measurement in 12 months or more following recovery were included. BP levels before and after COVID-19 were compared using the paired t-test.

Results

5,355 confirmed COVID-19 patients (mean age 55.51 ± 15.38 years) were included. Hypertension (56.9%) and diabetes mellitus (34%) were the predominant comorbidities, and 44.3% had prior major adverse cardiovascular events. Both systolic (126.90 ± 20.91 vs. 139.99 ± 23.94 mmHg, P < 0.001) and diastolic BP (80.54 ± 13.94 vs. 86.49 ± 14.40 mmHg, P < 0.001) were significantly higher post-COVID-19 vs. pre-COVID-19. Notably, 456 (14%) hypertensive patients experienced exacerbated hypertension, while 408 (17%) patients developed new-onset hypertension, overall 864 (16%) of patients had exacerbation or new hypertension. Linear regression analysis revealed that advanced age, smoking, previous cardiovascular events, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus predict increased BP following COVID-19 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

COVID-19 raised systolic and diastolic BP in the long term in non-hospitalized patients, with over one-sixth developing new-onset or exacerbated hypertension. All patients should be evaluated regarding BP, following COVID-19 recovery, particularly those with the mentioned predictive factors. (clinicaltrial.gov: NCT05798208)
Effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccine against laboratory-confirmed influenza among Chinese elderly: a test-negative design
Authors: Yang Tianchi , Tang Ling , Li Pingping , Li Baojun , Ye Lixia , Zhou Jifang
Published: May 2024

Background

Evidence on the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in the elderly is limited, and results are controversial. There are also few reports from China.

Methods

We conducted a test-negative case-control study design to estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated visits among elderly (aged ≥ 60 years) across four influenza seasons in Ningbo, China, from 2018 to 19 to 2021-22. Influenza-positive cases and negative controls were randomly matched in a 1:1 ratio according to age, sex, hospital, and date of influenza testing. We used logistic regression models to compare vaccination odds ratios (ORs) in cases to controls. We calculated the VE as [100% × (1-adjusted OR)] and calculated the 95% confidence interval (CI) around the estimate.

Results

A total of 30,630 elderly patients tested for influenza with virus nucleic acid or antigen during the study period. After exclusions, we included 1 825 influenza-positive cases and 1 825 influenza-negative controls. Overall, the adjusted VE for influenza-related visits was 63.5% (95% CI, 56.3–69.5%), but varied by season. Influenza VE was 59.8% (95% CI, 51.5–66.7%) for influenza A and 89.6% (95% CI, 77.1–95.3%) for influenza B. The VE for ages 60–69 and 70–79 was 65.2% (95% CI, 55.4–72.9%) and 69.8% (95% CI, 58.7–77.9%), respectively, but only 45.4% (95% CI, 6.2–68.2%) for ages 80 and over.

Conclusions

Standard-dose inactivated influenza vaccine has shown good protection in the elderly in China. However, protection may not be satisfactory in people aged 80 years and older.
Digital exclusion and cognitive impairment in older people: findings from five longitudinal studies
Authors: Wang Yuge , Wu Zhigang , Duan Lanzhi , Liu Sijia , Chen Ruzhao , Sun Tao , Wang Jiang , Zhou Jianghua , Wang Hongxia , Huang Pan
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Older people are more likely to have digital exclusion, which is associated with poor health. This study investigated the relationship between digital exclusion and cognitive impairment in older adults from 23 countries across five longitudinal surveys.

Design and measurements

Digital exclusion is defined as self-reported non-use of the Internet. We assessed cognitive impairment on three dimensions: orientation, memory, and executive function. We used generalized estimation equations fitting binary logistic regression with exchangeable correlations to study the relationship between digital exclusion and cognitive impairment, and apply the minimum sufficiently adjusted set of causally directed acyclic graphs as the adjusted variable.

Setting and participants

We pooled a nationally representative sample of older adults from five longitudinal studies, including the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal study (CHARLS), the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), the Mexican Health and Ageing Study (MHAS) and the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in European (SHARE).

Results

We included 62,413 participants from five longitudinal studies. Digital exclusion varied by country, ranging from 21.69% (SHARE) in Denmark to 97.15% (CHARLS) in China. In the original model, digital exclusion was significantly associated with cognitive impairment in all five studies. In the adjusted model, these associations remained statistically significant: CHARLS (Odds ratio [OR] = 2.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.84–4.28, ELSA (1.92 [1.70–2.18]), HRS(2.48[2.28–2.71), MHAS (1.92 [1.74–2.12]), and SHARE (2.60 [2.34–2.88]).

Conclusion

Our research shows that a significant proportion of older people suffer from digital exclusion, especially in China. Digital exclusion was positively correlated with cognitive impairment. These findings suggest that digital inclusion could be an important strategy to improve cognitive function and reduce the risk of cognitive impairment in older adults.
Computer-aided designing of a novel multi‑epitope DNA vaccine against severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus
Authors: Tao Yiran , Zhang Yu , Li Yumeng , Liu Qiao , Zhu Jin , Ji Minjun , Feng Gaoqian , Xu Zhipeng
Published: May 2024

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne viral disease caused by the SFTS virus (Dabie bandavirus), which has become a substantial risk to public health. No specific treatment is available now, that calls for an effective vaccine. Given this, we aimed to develop a multi-epitope DNA vaccine through the help of bioinformatics. The final DNA vaccine was inserted into a special plasmid vector pVAX1, consisting of CD8+ T cell epitopes, CD4+ T cell epitopes and B cell epitopes (six epitopes each) screened from four genome-encoded proteins——nuclear protein (NP), glycoprotein (GP), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), as well as nonstructural protein (NSs). To ascertain if the predicted structure would be stable and successful in preventing infection, an immunological simulation was run on it. In conclusion, we designed a multi-epitope DNA vaccine that is expected to be effective against Dabie bandavirus, but in vivo trials are needed to verify this claim.
Utilizing machine learning to facilitate the early diagnosis of posterior circulation stroke
Authors: Abujaber Ahmad A. , Imam Yahia , Albalkhi Ibrahem , Yaseen Said , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Akhtar Naveed
Published: May 2024

Background

Posterior Circulation Syndrome (PCS) presents a diagnostic challenge characterized by its variable and nonspecific symptoms. Timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for improving patient outcomes. This study aims to enhance the early diagnosis of PCS by employing clinical and demographic data and machine learning. This approach targets a significant research gap in the field of stroke diagnosis and management.

Methods

We collected and analyzed data from a large national Stroke Registry spanning from January 2014 to July 2022. The dataset included 15,859 adult patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of stroke. Five machine learning models were trained: XGBoost, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Classification and Regression Trees, and Logistic Regression. Multiple performance metrics, such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, AUC, Matthew’s correlation coefficient, log loss, and Brier score, were utilized to evaluate model performance.

Results

The XGBoost model emerged as the top performer with an AUC of 0.81, accuracy of 0.79, precision of 0.5, recall of 0.62, and F1-score of 0.55. SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis identified key variables associated with PCS, including Body Mass Index, Random Blood Sugar, ataxia, dysarthria, and diastolic blood pressure and body temperature. These variables played a significant role in facilitating the early diagnosis of PCS, emphasizing their diagnostic value.

Conclusion

This study pioneers the use of clinical data and machine learning models to facilitate the early diagnosis of PCS, filling a crucial gap in stroke research. Using simple clinical metrics such as BMI, RBS, ataxia, dysarthria, DBP, and body temperature will help clinicians diagnose PCS early. Despite limitations, such as data biases and regional specificity, our research contributes to advancing PCS understanding, potentially enhancing clinical decision-making and patient outcomes early in the patient’s clinical journey. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying physiological mechanisms and validate these findings in broader populations and healthcare settings.
Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy across Canada
Authors: Nelson Chantal RM , Dzakpasu Susie , Moore Aideen M. , Darling Elizabeth K. , Edwards Wesley , Murphy Phil , Scott Heather , Van Den Hof Michiel , Ray Joel G.
Published: May 2024

Background

Contemporary estimates of diabetes mellitus (DM) rates in pregnancy are lacking in Canada. Accordingly, this study examined trends in the rates of type 1 (T1DM), type 2 (T2DM) and gestational (GDM) DM in Canada over a 15-year period, and selected adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

This study used repeated cross-sectional data from the Canadian Institute of Health Information (CIHI) hospitalization discharge abstract database (DAD). Maternal delivery records were linked to their respective birth records from 2006 to 2019. The prevalence of T1DM, T2DM and GDM were calculated, including relative changes over time, assessed by a Cochrane-Armitage test. Also assessed were differences between provinces and territories in the prevalence of DM.

Results

Over the 15-year study period, comprising 4,320,778 hospital deliveries in Canada, there was a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of GDM and T1DM and T2DM. Compared to pregnancies without DM, all pregnancies with any form of DM had higher rates of hypertension and Caesarian delivery, and also adverse infant outcomes, including major congenital anomalies, preterm birth and large-for-gestational age birthweight.

Conclusion

Among 4.3 million pregnancies in Canada, there has been a rise in the prevalence of DM. T2DM and GDM are expected to increase further as more overweight women conceive in Canada.
Adverse maternal outcomes and associated factors among mothers of advanced age delivering at a tertiary hospital, southwestern Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Masembe Sezalio , Migisha Richard , Turyasingura Godwin , Aheisibwe Hillary , Nzabandora Emmanuel , Lule John C.
Published: May 2024

Background

Mothers of advanced age, defined as pregnant women aged ≥ 35 years at the time of giving birth, are traditionally known to be associated with increased risks of adverse maternal outcomes. We determined the prevalence of adverse maternal outcomes and associated factors among mothers of advanced age who delivered at Kabale Regional Referral Hospital (KRRH), in Southwestern Uganda.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Maternity Ward of KRRH from April to September 2023. We consecutively enrolled pregnant women aged ≥ 35 years during their immediate post-delivery period and before discharge. We obtained data on their socio-demographic, obstetric, medical characteristics and their maternal outcomes using interviewer-administered questionnaires. We defined adverse maternal outcome as any complication sustained by the mother that was related to pregnancy, delivery and immediate post-partum events (obstructed labour, antepartum haemorrhage, mode of delivery [cesarean or vacuum extraction], postpartum haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm or postdate pregnancy, anemia, premature rupture of membranes, multiple pregnancy, and maternal death). A participant was considered to have an adverse outcome if they experienced any one of these complications. We identified factors associated with adverse outcomes using modified Poisson regression.

Results

Out of 417 participants, most were aged 35–37 years (n = 206; 49.4%), and had parity ≥ 5 (65.5%). The prevalence of adverse maternal outcomes was 37.6% (n = 157, 95%CI: 33.1–42.4%). Common adverse maternal outcomes included caesarian delivery (23%), and obstructed labour (14.4%). Other complications included anemia in pregnancy (4.5%), chorioamnionitis (4.1%), preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (3.9%), and chronic hypertension and preeclampsia (both 2.4%). Factors associated with adverse maternal outcomes were precipitate labour (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.95, 95%CI: 1.44–2.65), prolonged labour, lasting > 12 h (aPR = 2.86, 95%CI: 1.48–3.16), and chronic hypertension (aPR = 2.01, 95%CI: 1.34–3.9).

Conclusion

Approximately two-fifth of the advanced-aged mothers surveyed had adverse outcomes. Mothers with prolonged labour, precipitate labour and chronic hypertension were more likely to experience adverse outcomes. We recommend implementation of targeted interventions, emphasizing proper management of labor as well as close monitoring of hypertensive mothers, and those with precipitate or prolonged labor, to mitigate risks of adverse outcomes within this study population.