bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La commission de sauvegarde pendant la guerre d'Algérie : chronique d'un échec annoncé
Authors: Branche Raphaëlle
Published: July 2010

La Commission de sauvegarde pendant la guerre d'Algérie : chronique d'un échec annoncé, Raphaëlle Branche.

La Commission de sauvegarde des droits et libertés individuels en Algérie fut fondée au printemps 1957 par Guy Mollet, alors que les méthodes utilisées par l'armée française au cours de la bataille d'Alger créaient le trouble à l'ONU, parmi les intellectuels, sur les bancs de l'Assemblée nationale et jusque dans les rangs de la SFIO. Formée de douze personnalités de haute stature morale et d'horizons politiques divers, mais dépourvue de pouvoirs réels, la commission fut rapidement en butte à la mauvaise volonté des autorités militaires en Algérie. Plusieurs de ses membres, qui avaient recueilli des témoignages accablants sur la réalité de la torture, démissionnèrent en septembre 1957 pour protester contre une situation qui faisait d'eux les otages d'un gouvernement complice de la répression. En dépit de sa prudence, le rapport final de la commission, qui reconnaissait la réalité de la tor- ture tout en minimisant sa portée, fut tenu secret par le gouvernement, jusqu'à sa publication par Le Monde en décembre. Il était alors trop tard, et l'échec de la commission marqua la démission des autorités civiles face aux responsables militaires de la « pacification » en Algérie.
L'évacuation de Dora et la tragédie de Gardelegen à propos du livre de Goldhagen
Authors: Sellier André
Published: July 2010

L'évacuation de Dora et la tragédie de Gardelegen. A propos du livre de Goldhagen, André Sellier.

Dans son livre, Les Bourreaux volontaires de Hitler, Daniel Goldhagen consacre deux chapitres aux « marches de la mort » de 1945, et évoque la tragédie de la grange de Gardelegen. Il laisse entendre que les victimes étaient juives. Or cet événement est bien connu. En avril 1945, sur cinq convois ferroviaires qui circulaient dans l'Altmark pour transporter des détenus au-delà de l'Elbe, deux ont été bloqués près de Gardelegen. Le Kreisleiter local, désireux de se débarrasser de leurs occupants, les a fait enfermer dans une grange, appartenant à la châtelaine du lieu, et un millier de victimes y ont été brûlées. Des témoignages concordants permettent de faire le récit de ce qui s'est alors passé. On est loin, sur plusieurs points, du texte de Goldhagen. À Dora, comme à Gardelegen, il y avait des Juifs, mais minoritaires et mêlés aux autres. L'un des huit rescapés de la grange était un Juif hongrois, les autres des Français, des Russes et des Polonais.
Le parti communiste de La Réunion (1946-2000)
Authors: Gauvin Gilles
Published: July 2010

Apparu durant l'entre-deux-guerres, le mouvement communiste à la Réunion se structure en 1946 à l'occasion du combat pour la départementalisation de l'île. En 1959, cette Fédération se constitue, autour de Paul Vergés, en Parti communiste réunionnais et affirme sa volonté de décoloniser l'île en revendiquant l'autonomie. Par son homogénéité idéologique, ce parti, auquel s'est violemment opposé Michel Debré jusqu'en 1988, est une matrice fondamentale dans la construction de l'identité politique d'une population exprimant à la fois une forte personnalité et un indéniable attachement à la France, Le PCR, qui a su devenir un interlocuteur incontournable pour Paris, tient aujourd'hui une grande partie des responsabilités politiques locales. S'affirmant comme le défenseur intangible des libertés et de la démocratie, il garde néanmoins un certain nombre de caractéristiques et de pratiques propres au modèle stalinien et refuse, contrairement au PCF, de remettre en cause son passé.
Maroc-Algérie. Retour du passé et écriture de l'histoire
Authors: Stora Benjamin
Published: July 2010

Depuis 1999 en Algérie et au Maroc, à l'heure du président Bouteflika et du jeune roi Mohammed VI, le passé rattrape le présent. Des « affaires » sortent, des témoins sont exhumés, des acteurs parlent enfin. L'histoire contemporaine est dès lors vécue comme une blessure, une vengeance ou une réparation, tandis que les enjeux de mémoire prennent un tour iden titaire rendu particulièrement violent par les sursauts de la démocratie. Dans ce temps de latence ou de transition, l'historien cherche sa place et ne désespère pas d'être un bon « passeur » entre histoire et mémoire.
Incertaine actualité du système concordataire en France
Authors: Langlois Claude
Published: July 2010

Qu'il s'agisse de l'enseignement des religions, du statut de l'islam ou des moyens d'enrayer la montée en puissance des sectes, les Français peinent à trouver des solutions aux nouvelles questions religieuses qui naissent de l'évolution sociale. À défaut de leur en fournir de toutes faites, un réexamen des attendus et des modalités d'application du Concordat de 1801 montre comment a cheminé dans les esprits le souci d'une administration pragmatique et souple du pluralisme religieux.
La résistance Polonaise en débat
Authors: Borejsza Jerzy W
Published: July 2010

La notion de résistance en Europe varie selon les pays. Ainsi, dans de nombreux cas, maquis et résistance ne furent pas synonymes. C'est en Yougoslavie et en Pologne que la résistance fut la plus forte. L'histoire de la lutte des nations yougoslaves contre l'occupant et de la guerre civile yougoslave est relativement bien connue en Europe ; en revanche, la connaissance de l'État clandestin polonais est très limitée en dehors de la Pologne. On confond fréquemment l'insurrection du ghetto de Varsovie (avril 1943) avec celle de toute la ville qui dura du 1er août 1944 jusqu'au début octobre 1944. Les historiens polonais de la dernière décennie éprouvent souvent quelque réserve pour le terme de « résistance », utilisé abusivement à l'époque de la Pologne populaire. Ils lui préfèrent celui d'« État polonais clandestin », notion plus large que la résistance au sens strict et qui englobe la résistance, le maquis, l'administration civile clandestine soumise au gouvernement légal en exil à Londres, le système éducatif clandestin (secondaire et supérieur) qui concernaient des centaines de milliers de personnes même si deux importantes organisations résistantes - l'extrême droite et la gauche communiste - demeurèrent à l'écart. En 1944, un second État clandestin commença à s'édifier en opposition au gouvernement lié aux autorités anglaises. Ce second État, tout d'abord beaucoup plus faible, finit par prendre le pouvoir en 1945, en s'appuyant sur les baïonnettes de l'Armée rouge.
Gaston Bruneton et l'encadrement des travaileurs français en Allemagne (1942-1945)
Authors: Arnaud Patrice
Published: July 2010

Patrice Arnaud dit l'importance, plus symptomatique qu'efficace, d'une organisation encore à peu près inconnue : la Délégation officielle française auprès de la Deutsche Arbeitsfront qui, sous prétexte d'assistance sociale, d'animation culturelle et surtout d'encadrement des Français travaillant en Allemagne, devint non seulement un maillon de la politique collaborationniste entre Vichy et Hitler mais aussi un rouage de l'administration nazie. Il décrit également le parcours d'un comparse, son chef si pieux, si bienfaisant et si « européen », Gaston Bruneton, qui ne vit jusqu'au bout dans l'hitlérisme qu'une utopie sociale et unitaire.
Des syndicalistes dans la résistance
Authors: Aglan Alya
Published: July 2010

Les syndicalistes, confédérés et chrétiens, ont largement participé à l'organisation et à l'action de la résistance des mouvements et des réseaux, en liaison avec Londres, pendant l'Occupation. Leur résistance doit faire face à un double paradoxe. L'engagement se révèle en effet singulier et constamment teinté d'ambivalence, tiraillé entre le souci de préserver l'outil syndical et d'assurer une politique de présence au sein des structures corporatistes mises en place par Vichy et la volonté de résister. Cette singularité se trouve également dans les tentatives de s'unir, dans la Résistance, tout en préservant l'autonomie de leurs actions.
Les arméniens au 20e siècle
Authors: Minassian Taline Ter
Published: July 2010

The Armenians in the 20th century.

The history of the Armenians in the 20th century can be read under four headings : the 1915 genocide and how the fight for its international recognition bas been the engine of the national awakening in Soviet Armenia as well as in the Diaspora ; the question of the Armenian state since the fleeting Republic of Armenia created in 1918 under Ottoman pressure until independence proclaimed in 1991 after seven decades of integration with the Soviet Union ; the role of the Armenian apostolic church, guardian of the national identity persecuted under Stalin and now concerned with redefining its relations with the State ; lastly, the diaspora, divided between the hope for nerkaght (return) and the assimilation into the welcoming country and the 1991 independence faced with the stakes of the dialogue between the "two segments of one Armenian nation".
Terroirs et pays : mort et transfiguration ?
Authors: Chanet Jean-François
Published: July 2010

Terroirs and Region : Death and Transfiguration ?, Jean-François Chanet.

Before the 1914 war, terroir was put in opposition to the geographic division, i.e. the "département" as the rural, terroir , area was thought to be more in Une with the natural divisions of French space. The law on planning and development voted in June 1999 made possible the formation of "regions", groupings of variable-sized towns that can even extend beyond "départe- mental" limits. After a century of rural exodus, accelerated urbanization, but also after a crisis that transformed the industrial society, general support of the republican regime goes hand in hand with constant criticism of the centralization of the State and the persistent attachment of the French to a kind of rustic mystique.
L'invention du « devoir de mémoire »
Authors: Lalieu Olivier
Published: July 2010

The Invention of the "Duty of Memory", Olivier Lalieu.

The expression "duty of memory", so common today, was seen following the Liberation among the groups of the deported. The appeal to theyouth (competition of the Resistance, visits in schools) that was organized after 1954 was a good example of this term. But everything changed since the late 1970s when a memory of the Shoah became an autonomous element, in particular through the action of Beate and Serge Klarsfeld, and was engraved at the epicenter of this "duty". The media popularized the expression leading to a kind of civic religion of homage to the victims that has attempted to orchestrate the cuit of resistance values.
Une stratégie de l'IRA : la lutte en prison (1971-1981)
Authors: Granger Tiphaine
Published: July 2010

Une stratégie de l'IRA : La lutte en prison (1971-1981), Tiphaine Granger.

L'IRA provisoire mène une action de guérilla contre les forces britanniques basées en Irlande du Nord. Ce combat se poursuit jusqu'au sein des prisons. L'affrontement entre l'administration britannique et les Volontaires de l'IRA emprisonnés est permanent. Dès 1971, la politique d'incarcération se durcit. Le conflit interne s'amplifie progressivement pendant les années 1970, et atteint son paroxysme en 1981 avec la mise en place d'une grève de la faim qui s'étend sur sept mois, et au cours de laquelle dix prisonniers meurent. Cette lutte incessante n'est pas sans effet sur la population et les réactions de cette dernière influent parfois sur les décisions de l'un ou l'autre des adversaires. La prison, considérée comme un moyen de lutte par l'IRA, se révèle souvent efficace.
Les idéologies de la « troisième voie » dans les années 1920 : le mouvement eurasiste russe
Authors: Laruelle Marlène
Published: July 2010

The Ideologies of the "Third Way" in the 20's : the Eurasist Russian Movement, Marlène Laruelle.

The Eurasist thought, which was born in Russian emigres circles in West in the twenties, constitutes an unknown version of the conservative revolution or ofthe so-called revolutionary rights ideologies. It shares with them a "nor right nor left" conception, hesitates between its admiration for the Bolshevik revolutionary adventure and its appeal for fascism. It first of all marks its difference with the Western context by its attraction for a certain judaity but also and especially by its discourse on the "third continent" : Russia must combine Communism and fascism because she is, by her geography and her history, a median cultural borrowing more to nomadic Turco-Mongolian Asia than to the Western world. Eurasism shows the originality of the Russian political thought : it takes part in Western discussions and intellectual fashions but is frequently coupied with a specific cultural discourse.
Les chefs de l'armée française face au communisme au début des années 1930
Authors: Vidal Georges
Published: July 2010

The Heads of the French Army and Communism in the early 1930s, Georges Vidal.

In the early 1930s, although the Communist Party was weakened and isolated, French military officers still considered it a major danger. In his Memo on the Defense of the Paris Region Against the Interior Enemy in Wartime, General Voiriot makes the organization of a specialized force in the fight against subversion a national priority. But the government had no intention of relinquishing any authority in security matters and let the proposal drop. But it is worth noting that Marshall Pétain, inspector of the territority's anti-air defense, approved, even if he was not the inspiration for, the writing of the text.
La « voix romaine »
Authors: Brague Rémi
Published: July 2010

La « voie romaine », Rémi Brague.

Un philosophe dit en avant-propos, bien après Husserl dans une célèbre conférence de 1935, que l'histoire de l'Europe mérite « un récit radicalement dégrisé » et que seul celui-ci pourrait être instituteur pour les jeunes générations d'Européens. Car la réalité effective de l'Europe, depuis cinq siècles, recouvre une « identité excentrique » et une géographie culturelle faites l'une et l'autre d'emprunts. L'auteur plaide pour une histoire qui tiendra compte du caractère fuyant de son objet et procédera par zooms et travellings incessants entre les nations, l'Europe et le monde entier.
Les vertus du bilatéral
Authors: François Étienne
Published: July 2010

Les vertus du bilatéral, Etienne François.

De nouvelles générations d'historiens allemands et français sont naturellement et réellement bi-nationaux. Ils ont pratiqué intensément l'histoire comparée et l'étude des transferts culturels. Malgré leurs succès, ils conviennent aujourd'hui que le bilatéral n'est ni un aboutissement ni un but en soi. L'histoire de l'Europe relève bien plutôt du multilatéral. Et ce multilatéral-là reste à mieux inventer. La fin de l'article fait trois propositions pédagogiques à l'usage des élèves de l'enseignement secondaire : les recueils de mémoires familiales, l'observation des traces locales de la présence de l'Autre, la découverte de lieux de mémoire partagés.
Le voile, le miroir et l'aiguillon. La télévision et les mouvements de société jusque dans les années 1970
Authors: Chauveau Agnès
Published: July 2010

The veil, the mirror and the spur. Television and The Movements of Society until The 1970s, Agnès Chauveau.

French television from the 1950s to the 1970s looked ambiguously at French society. An ideological approach, often translating the intellectuals' disdain for it, makes this medium the place for the reproduction of all forms of conservatism and social alienation. While the small screen did indeed throw a prudish veil over major social developments, it can not be reduced to a role of censor. It is also the reflection of the difficulties and transformations of French society. This attempt at anthropo-logical observation was shared by several programs (Emergency States, The Discovery of the French) that organized real scenes of daily French life in order to better detect changes. Even more, television is often ahead of the game and like radio begins debates directly involved in the social changes of the moment. Taboos were lifted, often with precaution, in programs like Coping, Women Also by Eliane Victor or the current events program Zoom. Subjects judged subversive - contraception, sexuality, or prostitution as well as problems of society such as racism or prisons were covered and subject to discussion. Veil but also mirror and spur. Television of the 1960s opened a breach.
Image, politique et communication sous la Cinquième République
Authors: Delporte Christian
Published: July 2010

La question se pose en termes plus complexes. Les grands débats télévisés ont en effet contribué à animer la vie politique jusqu'aux années 1980. Mais les hommes politiques ont surtout appris à se servir de la communication télévisuelle, préférant aux émissions contradictoires les passages au JT, s'entourant de conseillers en communication, organisant avec un soin méticuleux les grandes confrontations aux élections présidentielles. Avec des résultats inégaux. Les politiciens se font plus rarement piéger. Mais le coût des campagnes s'élève, pour un gain limité : rien ne dit, en effet, que la télévision ait influencé le vote des Français.
A Modified Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity Score Without Acute-phase Reactants (mDAS28) for Epidemiological Research
Authors: BENTLEY MARY J. , GREENBERG JEFFREY D. , REED GEORGE W.
Published: July 2010

Objective.

To develop and validate a modified version of the Disease Activity Score with 28 joint count (mDAS28), for use in epidemiological research, when acute-phase reactant values are unavailable.

Methods.

In a cross-sectional development cohort (5729 patients), statistically significant predictors of the logarithm of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (lnESR) were identified. After computation of the mDAS28, a cross-sectional validation cohort (5578 patients) was used to evaluate internal, criterion, and construct validities. The ability of the mDAS28 to discriminate between disease states was also assessed. A second validation cohort (longitudinal, 336 pairs of patient visits) was used to assess sensitivity to change.

Results.

Significant predictors of lnESR included tender and swollen joints with 28 counts, patient’s and physician’s assessments of global health, and patient’s assessment of pain (visual analog scale 0–100 mm) and a physical function (modified Health Assessment Questionnaire 0–3; mHAQ). Satisfactory internal validity (α = 0.72) and strong criterion validity compared to the DAS28, the Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI), and the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) (r = 0.87–0.96) were found. Predictive validity was demonstrated by good correlation with the mHAQ (r = 0.58). The mDAS28 showed substantial agreement with the DAS28, SDAI, and CDAI in discriminating between disease states (κ = 0.70–0.77) and moderate to substantial agreement between response levels (κ = 0.52–0.73). Both mDAS28 and DAS28 measures classified patients similarly in remission compared to the SDAI and CDAI. The mDAS28 was superior in detecting change (standardized response mean = 0.58) followed by the DAS28, CDAI, and SDAI.

Conclusion.

The mDAS28 is a valid and sensitive tool to assess disease activity in epidemiological research, as an alternative to the DAS28, when acute-phase reactant values are unavailable.
Soluble LILRA3, a Potential Natural Antiinflammatory Protein, Is Increased in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Is Tightly Regulated by Interleukin 10, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, and Interferon-γ
Authors: AN HONGYAN , CHANDRA VASUDHA , PIRAINO BARBARA , BORGES LUIS , GECZY CAROLYN , McNEIL H. PATRICK , BRYANT KATHERINE , TEDLA NICODEMUS
Published: July 2010

Objective.

Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor A3 (LILRA3) belongs to a family of cell-surface receptors with inhibitory or activating functions. LILRA3 lacks transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, suggesting that it may be secreted. LILRA3 has high homology to activating LILRA1 and A2, hence may act as a soluble agonist/antagonist to these receptors. Individuals lacking the LILRA3 gene have higher incidence of multiple sclerosis and Sjögren’s syndrome, suggesting LILRA3 may be antiinflammatory. LILRA3 mRNA was detected in monocytes and mast cells but no protein expression has ever been described. Our aim was to examine LILRA3 protein expression in serum and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and determine itsin vitroregulation.

Methods.

We developed a new ELISA to examine levels of LILRA3 in serum, synovial fluid, and/or culture supernatants from controls and patients with RA, degenerative arthritis, or gout. We used qRT-PCR and flow cytometry to determine the expression and cytokine-mediated regulation of LILRA3.

Results.

LILRA3 protein is constitutively present in normal serum, with significantly higher concentrations in patients with RA. Serum LILRA3 concentrations from RA patients correlated with disease activity and levels in synovial fluid. Treatment of monocytes with interleukin 10 or interferon-γ significantly upregulated while tumor necrosis factor-α significantly downregulated LILRA3 mRNA and protein expression.

Conclusion.

We show for the first time that LILRA3 is significantly increased in serum of patients with RA and is tightly regulated by key cytokines involved in pathogenesis of RA. These results suggest that LILRA3 may play a role in chronic inflammatory conditions such as RA.
677TT Genotype Is Associated with Elevated Risk of Methotrexate (MTX) Toxicity in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Treatment Outcome, Erythrocyte Concentrations of MTX and Folates, and MTHFR Polymorphisms
Authors: TUKOVÁ JANA , CHLÁDEK JAROSLAV , HROCH MILOS , NĚMCOVÁ DANA , HOZA JOZEF , DOLEŽALOVÁ PAVLA
Published: July 2010

Objective.

To investigate whether methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and erythrocyte concentration of methotrexate (EMTX) could serve as predictors of methotrexate (MTX) efficacy and toxicity in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods.

Genetic analyses and EMTX and folate assessment were performed in 69 patients with JIA aged 2.5–19.6 years (30 male) treated with MTX using a dose-escalation protocol and classified as full responders (disease inactivity; n = 51) or nonresponders (< 30% improvement in pediatric American College of Rheumatology-30 criteria while receiving ≥ 15 mg/m2/week parenteral MTX for at least 3 months; n = 18).

Results.

Nonresponders were treated with the higher median MTX dose (17.2 vs 12.6 mg/m2/week; p < 0.0001) and accumulated more EMTX (217 vs 106 nmol/l; p < 0.02) and erythrocyte folates (763 vs 592 nmol/l; p = 0.052) than responders. Analysis of MTHFR allele and genotype frequencies in relation to response failed to detect association. The frequency of any adverse effect was 29.4% in responders and 33.3% in nonresponders (p = 0.77). The frequency of 677T allele was elevated in patients with adverse effects (52.4% vs 20.9%; OR 3.88, 95% CI 1.8–8.6, p < 0.002). The probability of any adverse effect was significantly higher in patients with 677TT compared to the 677CC genotype (OR 55.5, 95% CI 2.9–1080, p < 0.001).

Conclusion.

MTHFR genotyping may have a predictive value for the risk of MTX-associated toxicity in patients with JIA. Despite the lack of therapeutic effect, nonresponders accumulated adequate concentrations of EMTX.
Serum Cytokine Receptors in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Relationship to Inflammatory Markers and Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase Polymorphisms
Authors: HAROON NIGIL , TSUI FLORENCE W.L. , CHIU BASIL , TSUI HING WO , INMAN ROBERT D.
Published: July 2010

Objective.

Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase (ERAP)1 is associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and is known to be involved in the clipping of the cytokine receptors interleukin 1 receptor II (IL-1RII), IL-6Rα, and tumor necrosis factor receptor I (TNFRI). We studied the relationship of these serum cytokine receptors and their corresponding cytokines to markers of inflammation and polymorphisms in ERAP1 and ERAP2 in patients with AS.

Methods.

Sera from patients with AS were assayed for TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, sTNFRI, sIL-1RII, and sIL-6Rα by ELISA. Genotyping was performed for 3 AS-associated nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the ERAP1 gene [rs27044(C/G), rs10050860(C/T), and rs30187(C/T)] and 1 in the ERAP2 gene [rs2549782(T/G)]. The serum cytokine and receptor levels were compared between the different genotype groups and correlated to markers of inflammation and disease activity.

Results.

Eighty patients with AS (21 women) with a mean Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) of 5.3 ± 2.4 were enrolled. There was a significant correlation of sTNFRI with C-reactive protein (CRP; R = 0.43, p < 0.001) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; R = 0.30, p = 0.01) but not with BASDAI. Serum cytokine levels were undetectable in the majority of patients. There was no significant difference in serum cytokines or the soluble receptors between patients with the different ERAP1/ERAP2 polymorphisms and their haplotypes. Similarly, there was no relationship of the polymorphisms with the serum cytokine levels nor the cytokine-receptor ratio.

Conclusion.

Soluble TNFRI levels correlate with ESR and CRP in AS. The ERAP1 and ERAP2 polymorphisms associated with AS do not influence the serum cytokine receptor levels in patients with AS.
Educational Interventions for Implementation of Arthritis Clinical Practice Guidelines in Primary Care: Effects on Health Professional Behavior
Authors: LINEKER SYDNEY C. , HUSTED JANICE A.
Published: July 2010

Objective.

The dissemination and adoption of clinical practice guidelines (CPG) has been suggested as one method for improving arthritis care delivery. This article provides a review and synthesis of studies evaluating the influence of educational programs designed to implement CPG for osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in primary care.

Methods.

A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant educational interventions that reported behavioral outcomes that ensured actual knowledge utilization in primary care. A standardized approach was used to assess the quality of the individual studies and a modified version of the Philadelphia Panel methodology allowed for grading of studies based on strength of design, clinical relevance, and statistical significance.

Results.

The search identified 485 articles; 7 studies were selected for review. In OA, peer facilitated workshops with nurse case-management support for patients decreased the number of referrals to orthopedics by 23%, and educational outreach by trained physicians improved prescribing of analgesics. Interprofessional peer facilitated workshops were successful in increasing referrals to rehabilitation services for people with OA and RA.

Conclusion.

There was sparse literature on educational programs for the implementation of arthritis CPG in the primary care environment. Future studies are needed to evaluate which specific organizational, provider, patient, and system level factors influence the uptake of arthritis CPG in primary care.
Longitudinal Analysis of Fatigue in Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: HUSTED JANICE A. , TOM BRIAN D.M. , FAREWELL VERNON T. , GLADMAN DAFNA D.
Published: July 2010

Objective.

To describe the longitudinal course of fatigue in psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Methods.

Our study included 390 patients who attended the University of Toronto Psoriatic Arthritis Clinic between 1998 and 2006 and who completed 2 or more administrations of the modified Fatigue Severity Scale (mFSS) at yearly intervals. Clinical data were used that corresponded to visits in which mFSS was administered. We used linear mixed effects models to examine the relationships of disease-related and nondisease-related variables with mFSS scores across multiple clinic visits, and linear regression models to investigate the association between change in mFSS scores (ΔmFSS) and changes in covariates between visits.

Results.

Clinical measures of disease activity were related to fatigue over time; however, these relationships disappeared in the context of patient-reported physical disability and pain. Patient-reported measures of physical disability, pain, and psychological distress were most closely related to higher mFSS scores (greater fatigue) across clinic assessments. Fatigue was found to vary over time, at least when assessed at yearly intervals. In general, measures of clinical and functional status at the current visit were more predictive of ΔmFSS in between previous and current visits than change scores in these measures between visits. Comorbid fibromyalgia or hypertension were also associated with greater fatigue across multiple visits and with change in fatigue between visits.

Conclusion.

A combination of factors is associated with fatigue in PsA. The full effect of comorbidities on fatigue warrants further study to better understand the effective management of fatigue in PsA.
Global mercury emissions to the atmosphere from anthropogenic and natural sources
Authors: Pirrone N. , Cinnirella S. , Feng X. , Finkelman R. B. , Friedli H. R. , Leaner J. , Mason R. , Mukherjee A. B. , Stracher G. B. , Streets D. G. , Telmer K.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. This paper provides an up-to-date assessment of global mercury emissions from anthropogenic and natural sources. On an annual basis, natural sources account for 5207 Mg of mercury released to the global atmosphere, including the contribution from re-emission processes, which are emissions of previously deposited mercury originating from anthropogenic and natural sources, and primary emissions from natural reservoirs. Anthropogenic sources, which include a large number of industrial point sources, are estimated to account for 2320 Mg of mercury emitted annually. The major contributions are from fossil-fuel fired power plants (810 Mg yr−1), artisanal small scale gold mining (400 Mg yr−1), non-ferrous metals manufacturing (310 Mg yr−1), cement production (236 Mg yr−1), waste disposal (187 Mg yr−1) and caustic soda production (163 Mg yr−1). Therefore, our current estimate of global mercury emissions suggests that the overall contribution from natural sources (primary emissions + re-emissions) and anthropogenic sources is nearly 7527 Mg per year, the uncertainty associated with these estimates are related to the typology of emission sources and source regions.
Potential impact of iodinated replacement compounds CF3I and CH3I on atmospheric ozone: a three-dimensional modeling study
Authors:   Daeok Youn, Patten K. O. , Wuebbles D. J. ,   Huikyo Lee,   Chul-Whan So
Published: July 2010

Abstract. The concept of Ozone Depletion Potentials (ODPs) is extensively used in policy considerations related to concerns about the effects of various halocarbons and other gases on stratospheric ozone. Many of the recent candidate replacement compounds have atmospheric lifetimes shorter than one year in order to limit their environmental effects, especially on stratospheric ozone. Using a three-dimensional global chemistry-transport model (CTM) of the troposphere and the stratosphere, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential effects of several very short-lived iodinated substances, namely iodotrifluoromethane (CF3I) and methyl iodide (CH3I), on atmospheric ozone. Like other chemicals with extremely short lifetimes, the stratospheric halogen loading and resulting ozone effects from these compounds are strongly dependent on the location of emissions. For CF3I, a possible replacement candidate for bromotrifluoromethane (CF3Br), ODPs derived by the three-dimensional model are 0.008 with chemical lifetime of 5.03 days and 0.016 with a lifetime of 1.13 days for emissions assumed to be evenly distributed over land surfaces at mid-latitudes and the tropics, respectively. While this is the first time the ODPs have been evaluated with a three-dimensional model, these values are in good agreement with those derived previously. The model calculations suggest that tropical convection could deliver a larger portion of the gas and their breakdown products to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere if emission source is located in the tropics. The resulting ODP for CH3I, emitted from mid-latitudes, is 0.017 with lifetime of 13.59 days. The validity of our model iodine chemistry to evaluate ODPs of the iodine species is guaranteed with good qualitative agreement between the model derived distribution of background CH3I, based on global source emission fluxes from previous studies, and available observations especially in vertical profiles.
Coupling land surface and crop growth models for predicting evapotranspiration and carbon exchange in wheat-maize rotation croplands
Authors: Lei H. , Yang D. , Lokupitiya E. , Shen Y.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. The North China Plain is one of the most important crop production regions in China. However, water resources in the area are limited. Accurate modeling of water consumption and crop production in response to the changing environment is important. To better describe the two-way interactions among climate, irrigation, and crop growth, the crop phenology and physiology scheme of the SiBcrop model was coupled with the Simple Biosphere model version 2 (SiB2) for simulating crop phenology, as well as the crop production and evapotranspiration of winter wheat and summer maize, two of the main crops in the region. In the coupled model, the Leaf Area Index (LAI) produced by the crop phenology and physiology scheme was used in estimating the sub-hourly energy and carbon fluxes. Observations obtained from two typical eddy covariance sites located in this region were used to validate the model. The coupled model was able to simulate carbon and energy fluxes, soil water content, biomass carbon, and crop yield with high accuracy, especially for the latent heat flux and carbon flux. The LAI was also well-simulated by the model. Therefore, the coupled model is capable of assessing the responses of water resources and crop production to the changes of future climate and irrigation schedules.
Comment on "Using multiple observationally-based constraints to estimate climate sensitivity" by J. D. Annan and J. C. Hargreaves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2006
Authors: Henriksson S. V. , Arjas E. , Laine M. , Tamminen J. , Laaksonen A.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. In their article from 2006, Annan and Hargreaves present a probabilistic estimate of climate sensitivity obtained by using Bayes' theorem to combine information from different sources. In this comment article we critisize two aspects of their reasoning, namely using probability density functions and likelihood functions interchangeably and the assumed independence of evidence from the different sources. The derivation of their result rests on key assumptions, some stated explicitly and some left implicit, which could be unrealistic. Thus their study does not convincingly reduce the large uncertainty of climate sensitivity remaining in previous observationally-based studies.
Engineering Nanoassemblies of Polysaccharides
Authors: Boddohi Soheil , Kipper Matt J.
Published: July 2010

Polysaccharides offer a wealth of biochemical and biomechanical functionality that can be used to develop new biomaterials. In mammalian tissues, polysaccharides often exhibit a hierarchy of structure, which includes assembly at the nanometer length scale. Furthermore, their biochemical function is determined by their nanoscale organization. These biological nanostructures provide the inspiration for developing techniques to tune the assembly of polysaccharides at the nanoscale. These new polysaccharide nanostructures are being used for the stabilization and delivery of drugs, proteins, and genes, the engineering of cells and tissues, and as new platforms on which to study biochemistry. In biological systems polysaccharide nanostructures are assembled via bottom‐up processes. Many biologically derived polysaccharides behave as polyelectrolytes, and their polyelectrolyte nature can be used to tune their bottom‐up assembly. New techniques designed to tune the structure and composition of polysaccharides at the nanoscale are enabling researchers to study in detail the emergent biological properties that arise from the nanoassembly of these important biological macromolecules.
A Novel Process for Selective Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Naphthalenes and Phenols
Authors: Wienhöfer Gerrit , Schröder Kristin , Möller Konstanze , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: July 2010

Arenes are selectively oxidized to the corresponding quinones employing ruthenium(2,2′,6′:2′′‐terpyridine)(2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylate) [Ru(tpy)(pydic] as catalyst and hydrogen peroxide as the terminal oxidant. Applying alkylated naphthalenes and phenols, benzo‐ and naphthoquinones are obtained in up to 93% yield. The industrially interesting oxidation of 2‐methylnaphthalene gave 74% of the corresponding quinones and 60% of menadione (vitamin K3). 2,3,5‐Trimethylbenzoquinone which constitutes the key intermediate for vitamin E is obtained in 83% yield.
Thiosemicarbazone Salicylaldiminato‐Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck Reactions
Authors: Xie Guanlei , Chellan Prinessa , Mao Jincheng , Chibale Kelly , Smith Gregory S.
Published: July 2010

Four tridentate thiosemicarbazone salicylaldiminato‐palladium(II) complexes of the general formula [Pd(saltsc‐R)PPh3] [saltsc=salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone; R=H (1), 3‐tert‐butyl (2), 3‐methoxy (3), 5‐chloro (4)], have been evaluated as catalyst precursors for the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction between a variety of electron‐rich and electron‐poor aryl halides and olefins. The palladium complexes (0.1–1 mol% loading) were found to effectively catalyze these reactions with high yields being obtained when aryl iodides and aryl bromides were utilized. The effects of base, catalyst loading, reaction temperature and reaction time on the catalytic activity of the most active complex were also investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structures of New Layered Ternary Manganese Tellurides: AMnTe2 (A: Li, Na).
Authors: KIM J. , WANG C. , HUGHBANKS T.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Spectroscopic Studies on Some Hydroxy‐nitrosocoumarins.
Authors: ISSA Y. M. , ABDEL‐LATIF S. A.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Methyl‐1,5‐dinitro‐3‐azabicyclo[3.3.1]non‐7‐ene.
Authors: SHISHKIN O. V. , ATROSCHENKO YU. M. , GITIS S. S. , ALIFANOVA E. N. , SHAKHKELDYAN I. V.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Benzyl‐2,9‐bis (phenylsulfonyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐9H‐β‐carboline.
Authors: GOVINDASAMY L. , VELMURUGAN D. , RAVIKUMAR K. , MOHANAKRISHNAN A. K.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential Ketyl—Olefin Coupling/β‐Elimination Reactions Mediated by Samarium(II) Iodide.
Authors: MOLANDER G. A. , HARRIS C. R.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bromination of Alkenes Using a Mixture of Sodium Bromide and Sodium Perborate.
Authors: KABALKA G. W. , YANG K. , REDDY N. K. , NARAYANA C.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and ESR Study of New Dihydroxamic Acid Siderophores S as Scavengers of Hydroxyl Radicals.
Authors: NGUYEN M. V. D. , NICOLAS L. , GAUDEMER A. , BRIK M. E.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Facile Anionic Domino Ring Expansion of Cyclopentanones by Two and Three Carbons for the Flexible Preparation of Functionalized Seven‐ and Eight‐Membered Rings.
Authors: LAVOISIER‐GALLO T. , CHARONNET E. , RODRIGUEZ J.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Carbonylation of Alkynes and 2‐Norbornenes to Hydroquinones.
Authors: SUZUKI N. , KONDO T. , MITSUDO T.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unsymmetrically S‐Substituted Ketene Dithioacetals.
Authors: KATRITZKY A. R. , WANG Z. , HENDERSON S. A.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Asymmetric Syntheses of β‐Lactams Bearing a Cyclopropane or an Epoxide Moiety and Their Application to the Syntheses of Novel Isoserines and Taxoids.
Authors: OJIMA I. , LIN S.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of 3‐Functionalized 5‐Alkoxymethyl‐ and 5‐Phenoxymethyl‐2(5H)‐furanones and Their Transformations into Related Epoxy and Methylene Lactones.
Authors: TYVORSKII V. I. , KUKHAREV A. S. , KULINKOVICH O. G. , DE KIMPE N. , TEHRANI K. A.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Ethyl 2‐Arylamino‐5‐phenylthiothiazole‐4‐carboxylates and Their Sulfones as Potential Analgesic, Antiinflammatory and Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: BADDI M. M. , MAHAJANSHETTI C. S.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Carboxamidation of Sydnones with Chlorosulfonyl Isocyanate.
Authors: TURNBULL K. , GROSS K. C. , HALL T. A.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Generation Dopaminergic Agents. Part 2. Discovery of 3‐OH‐Phenoxyethylamine and 3‐OH‐N1‐Phenylpiperazine Dopaminergic Templates.
Authors: MEWSHAW R. E. , ET AL. ET AL.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Carbohydrate‐Derived Annulated Cyclopentadienes and of a Ferrocene.
Authors: WIDAUER C. , BERNET B. , VASELLA A.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure—Activity Relationship of New Organic NLO Materials Based on Push—Pull Azodyes. Part 1. Synthesis and Molecular Properties of the Dyes.
Authors: TIRELLI N. , ALTOMARE A. , SOLARO R. , CIARDELLI F. , MEIER U. , BOSSHARD CH. , GUENTER P.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Hypericins Substituted with Acidic and Basic Residues: Hypericin Tetrasulfonic Acid — A Water Soluble Hypericin Derivative.
Authors: FALK H. , SARHAN A.‐ E.‐W. A. O. , TRAN H. T. N. , ALTMANN R.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Alumina‐Catalyzed Derivatization of Sesquiterpene Lactones.
Authors: GURUNATH S. , PATEWAD B. R. , SAWAIKAR D. D. , PANSE G. T. , PUJAR P. P. , NAGASAMPAGI B. A. , ROJATKAR S. R.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cephalostatin Synthesis. Part 11. Interphylal Product Splicing: The First Total Syntheses of Cephalostatin 1, the North Hemisphere of Ritterazine G, and the Highly Active Hybrid Analogue, Ritterostatin GN1N.
Authors: LACOUR T. G. , GUO C. , BHANDARU S. , BOYD M. R. , FUCHS P. L.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.