bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Czy Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej wymusza na ustawodawcy ustawową regulację struktury organizacyjnej i właściwości sądów powszechnych?
Authors: Banaszak Bogusław
Published: December 2020

The Constitution of the Republic of Poland does not define in a comprehensive manner the matter to be standardized in laws and grants the legislator considerable freedom in determining their content. In view of the subject matter of this opinion, based on views founded on the doctrine of Polish constitutional law and on the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal and the Supreme Court, it can be concluded that the legislator should regulate by law, among other matters, the following matters reserved for statutory regulation (the principle of exclusivity of the act): regulations concerning citizenship and the rights, freedoms and duties of the individual, as well as the basic competences, principles of how public authorities are organised and function. On the basis of this assumption, it was examined whether there is any indication to the legislator from the constitutional norms relevant to the judicial authority. The following were taken into account: the right to a fair trial (Article 45), the principle of the separateness and independence of the judiciary (Article 173), the principle of bi-instantiality of court proceedings and the principle of statutory determination of the system and jurisdiction of courts (Article 176), the principle of the presumption of competence being assigned to common courts (Article 177), and the principle of the non-removability and non-transferability of judges (Article 180). On the basis of an analysis of these constitutional norms, it was concluded that the Constitution of the Republic of Poland enforces statutory regulation of the organisational structure and the material, local and appeal jurisdiction of common courts, and only allows for entrusting specific matters to be regulated by executive bodies by means of a regulation. In the event of any doubts as to whether a given case should be classified into the category of specific matters, the principle of exclusivity of the Act applies.
NMDA Receptor Enhances Correlation of Spontaneous Activity in Neonatal Barrel Cortex
Authors: Mizuno Hidenobu , Rao Madhura S. , Mizuno Hiromi , Sato Takuya , Nakazawa Shingo , Iwasato Takuji
Published: December 2020

Correlated spontaneous activity plays critical role in the organization of neocortical circuits during development. However, cortical mechanisms regulating activity correlation are still elusive. In this study, using two-photon calcium imaging of the barrel cortex layer 4 (L4) in living neonatal mice, we found that NMDA receptors (NMDARs) in L4 neurons are important for enhancement of spontaneous activity correlation. Disruption of GluN1 (Grin1), an obligatory NMDAR subunit, in a sparse population of L4 neurons reduced activity correlation between GluN1 knock-out (GluN1KO) neuron pairs within a barrel. This reduction in activity correlation was even detected in L4 neuron pairs in neighboring barrels and most evident when either or both of neurons are located on the barrel edge. Our results provide evidence for the involvement of L4 neuron NMDARs in spatial organization of the spontaneous firing activity of L4 neurons in the neonatal barrel cortex.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPrecise wiring of the thalamocortical circuits is necessary for proper sensory information processing, and thalamus-derived correlated spontaneous activity is important for thalamocortical circuit formation. The molecular mechanisms involved in the correlated activity transfer from the thalamus to the neocortex are largely unknown.In vivotwo-photon calcium imaging of the neonatal barrel cortex revealed that correlated spontaneous activity between layer four neurons is reduced by mosaic knock-out (KO) of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) obligatory subunit GluN1. Our results suggest that the function of NMDARs in layer four neurons is necessary for the communication between presynaptic and postsynaptic partners during thalamocortical circuit formation.
A Discrete Glycinergic Neuronal Population in the Ventromedial Medulla That Induces Muscle Atonia during REM Sleep and Cataplexy in Mice
Authors: Uchida Shuntaro , Soya Shingo , Saito Yuki C. , Hirano Arisa , Koga Keisuke , Tsuda Makoto , Abe Manabu , Sakimura Kenji , Sakurai Takeshi
Published: December 2020

During rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, anti-gravity muscle tone and bodily movements are mostly absent, because somatic motoneurons are inhibited by descending inhibitory pathways. Recent studies showed that glycine/GABA neurons in the ventromedial medulla (VMM; GlyVMMneurons) play an important role in generating muscle atonia during REM sleep (REM-atonia). However, how these REM-atonia-inducing neurons interconnect with other neuronal populations has been unknown. In the present study, we first identified a specific subpopulation of GlyVMMneurons that play an important role in induction of REM-atonia by virus vector-mediated tracing in male mice in which glycinergic neurons expressed Cre recombinase. We found these neurons receive direct synaptic input from neurons in several brain stem regions, including glutamatergic neurons in the sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus (SLD; GluSLDneurons). Silencing this circuit by specifically expressing tetanus toxin light chain (TeTNLC) resulted in REM sleep without atonia. This manipulation also caused a marked decrease in time spent in cataplexy-like episodes (CLEs) when applied to narcolepticorexin-ataxin-3mice. We also showed that GlyVMMneurons play an important role in maintenance of sleep. This present study identified a population of glycinergic neurons in the VMM that are commonly involved in REM-atonia and cataplexy.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe identified a population of glycinergic neurons in the ventral medulla that plays an important role in inducing muscle atonia during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. It sends axonal projections almost exclusively to motoneurons in the spinal cord and brain stem except to those that innervate extraocular muscles, while other glycinergic neurons in the same region also send projections to other regions including monoaminergic nuclei. Furthermore, these neurons receive direct inputs from several brainstem regions including glutamatergic neurons in the sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus (SLD). Genetic silencing of this pathway resulted in REM sleep without atonia and a decrease of cataplexy when applied to narcoleptic mice. This work identified a neural population involved in generating muscle atonia during REM sleep and cataplexy.
Foundations of Human Consciousness: Imaging the Twilight Zone
Authors: Scheinin Annalotta , Kantonen Oskari , Alkire Michael , Långsjö Jaakko , Kallionpää Roosa E. , Kaisti Kaike , Radek Linda , Johansson Jarkko , Sandman Nils , Nyman Mikko , Scheinin Mika , Vahlberg Tero , Revonsuo Antti , Valli Katja , Scheinin Harry
Published: December 2020

What happens in the brain when conscious awareness of the surrounding world fades? We manipulated consciousness in two experiments in a group of healthy males and measured brain activity with positron emission tomography. Measurements were made during wakefulness, escalating and constant levels of two anesthetic agents (experiment 1,n= 39), and during sleep-deprived wakefulness and non-rapid eye movement sleep (experiment 2,n= 37). In experiment 1, the subjects were randomized to receive either propofol or dexmedetomidine until unresponsiveness. In both experiments, forced awakenings were applied to achieve rapid recovery from an unresponsive to a responsive state, followed by immediate and detailed interviews of subjective experiences during the preceding unresponsive condition. Unresponsiveness rarely denoted unconsciousness, as the majority of the subjects had internally generated experiences. Unresponsive anesthetic states and verified sleep stages, where a subsequent report of mental content included no signs of awareness of the surrounding world, indicated a disconnected state. Functional brain imaging comparing responsive and connected versus unresponsive and disconnected states of consciousness during constant anesthetic exposure revealed that activity of the thalamus, cingulate cortices, and angular gyri are fundamental for human consciousness. These brain structures were affected independent from the pharmacologic agent, drug concentration, and direction of change in the state of consciousness. Analogous findings were obtained when consciousness was regulated by physiological sleep. State-specific findings were distinct and separable from the overall effects of the interventions, which included widespread depression of brain activity across cortical areas. These findings identify a central core brain network critical for human consciousness.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTrying to understand the biological basis of human consciousness is currently one of the greatest challenges of neuroscience. While the loss and return of consciousness regulated by anesthetic drugs and physiological sleep are used as model systems in experimental studies on consciousness, previous research results have been confounded by drug effects, by confusing behavioral “unresponsiveness” and internally generated consciousness, and by comparing brain activity levels across states that differ in several other respects than only consciousness. Here, we present carefully designed studies that overcome many previous confounders and for the first time reveal the neural mechanisms underlying human consciousness and its disconnection from behavioral responsiveness, both during anesthesia and during normal sleep, and in the same study subjects.
Corticosterone Attenuates Reward-Seeking Behavior and Increases Anxiety via D2 Receptor Signaling in Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Neurons
Authors: Peng Beibei , Xu Qikuan , Liu Jing , Guo Sophie , Borgland Stephanie L. , Liu Shuai
Published: December 2020

Corticosteroids (CORT) have been widely used in anti-inflammatory medication. Chronic CORT treatment can cause mesocorticolimbic system dysfunctions, which are known to play a key role for the development of psychiatric disorders. The VTA is a critical site in the mesocorticolimbic pathway and is responsible for motivation and reward-seeking behaviors. However, the mechanism by which chronic CORT alters VTA dopamine neuronal activity is largely unknown. We treated periadolescent male mice with vehicle, 1 d, or 7 d CORT in the drinking water, examined behavioral impacts with light/dark box, elevated plus maze, operant chamber, and open field tests, measured the effects of CORT on VTA dopamine neuronal activity using patch-clamp electrophysiology and dopamine concentration using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, and tested the effects of dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) blockade by intra-VTA infusion of a D2R antagonist. CORT treatment induced anxiety-like behavior as well as decreased food-seeking behaviors. We show that chronic CORT treatment decreased excitability and excitatory synaptic transmission onto VTA dopamine neurons. Furthermore, chronic CORT increased somatodendritic dopamine concentration. The D2R antagonist sulpiride restored decreased excitatory transmission and excitability of VTA dopamine neurons. Furthermore, sulpiride decreased anxiety-like behavior and rescued food-seeking behavior in mice with chronic CORT exposure. Together, 7 d CORT treatment induces anxiety-like behavior and impairs food-seeking in a mildly aversive environment. D2R signaling in the VTA might be a potential target to ameliorate chronic CORT-induced anxiety and reward-seeking deficits.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWith widespread anti-inflammatory effects throughout the body, corticosteroids (CORT) have been used in a variety of therapeutic conditions. However, long-term CORT treatment causes cognitive impairments and neuropsychiatric disorders. The impact of chronic CORT on the mesolimbic system has not been elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that 7 d CORT treatment increases anxiety-like behavior and attenuates food-seeking behavior in a mildly aversive environment. By elevating local dopamine concentration in the VTA, a region important for driving motivated behavior, CORT treatment suppresses excitability and synaptic transmission onto VTA dopamine neurons. Intriguingly, blockade of D2 receptor signaling in the VTA restores neuronal excitability and food-seeking and alleviates anxiety-like behaviors. Our findings provide a potential therapeutic target for CORT-induced reward deficits.
Education Technology Seizes a Pandemic Opening
Authors: Williamson Ben
Published: December 2020

The rapid shift to online teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the penetration of an algorithmic world view into education systems around the world. Promoted by a burgeoning educational technology industry, platforms that use algorithms to structure and monitor teaching and learning have been presented as technical solutions to systemic problems. But they have also created new problems and reinforced existing inequities, stirring up public and political backlashes. Beyond its immediate effects during the pandemic in 2020, the expanded use of algorithm-driven learning management systems backed by major corporations has major implications for the future of global education.
The Many Faces of China’s Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Pantucci Raffaello
Published: December 2020

China’s Belt and Road Initiative is best known as a massive set of infrastructure projects stretching from Asia to Europe. But more than that, it is a sweeping foreign policy vision that provides China with opportunities for deep engagement with virtually every aspect of state and society in its partner countries. Many developing countries welcome the investments and opportunities for trade linked to the initiative, but some of the projects have sparked local resistance over fears of unfair terms or potential opportunities for Chinese intelligence penetration.
Code-Switching in the Letters of Vilnius University Professors at the End of the 18th century
Authors: Girininkaitė Veronika
Published: December 2020

In order to show how research on historical epistolary language can contribute to sociolinguistics and applied linguistics, the present article examines some examples of late 18th-century letters. The research sample includes letters written to Vilnius University professors in that period (now archived in the Vilnius University Library), where the authors of the letters use code-switching or write in a language other than what we would nowadays think of as default. The cases under investigation have revealed that the use of an unusual language could be motivated by pedagogical goals, whereas code-switching could be caused, among other factors, by the need to refer to new realities or to clarify meaning; it could also be used for rhetorical expression (poetic function of language). The article is also important in that it presents accidentally detected instances of code-switching that are generally hard to identify in historically distant letters, e.g. Polish elements in French, Lithuanian and Russian elements in Polish texts. The article is intended to stimulate interest in the research on archaic manuscripts and to enrich the existing knowledge about the linguistic environment of the old Vilnius University.
CONCEPT “DEATH” IN STIG DAGERMAN’S POEM “AUTUMN”
Authors: Konovalova Mariia , Kobko Ekaterina
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the representation of the concept death in poem “Autumn” («Höst») written by Stig Dagerman in 1954. Author wrote it 10 days before suicide. Thus, poem may be considered as occurring before death. This writing is one of a number works where Stig Dagerman addresses himself to a topic death. Concept death is one of the key concepts for humanity: philosophers, painters and writers have been studying it for centuries. Death concept realization can be found in language with the help of various linguistic means: direct and indirect naming units (on the form of metonymic and metaphorical transfers), conventional epithets, colours and images which can be either culture-universal or authorial. In poem of interest concept death is present mostly by metaphorical transfers and colour epithets and one realization through the use of metonymic transfer. The poem includes traditional, universal cultural as well as authorial images. On the one part these speak about importance of studying the concept in global culture, on the other part these speak about Stig Dagerman’s high level of excellence as a poet.
The impact of climate change on fish infectious diseases (a review)
Authors:   Institute of Fisheries of NAAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Rud Yu. , Zaloilo O. ,   Institute of Fisheries of NAAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Buchatsky L. ,   Institute of Fisheries of NAAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Hrytsyniak I. ,   Institute of Fisheries of NAAS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: December 2020

Purpose. As the climate change impacts freshwater and marine ecosystems, and rising ocean temperatures and acidification continue to this moment, our aim was to analyze the literature and summarize information on the development of fish infectious diseases in the light of global warming. Findings. Even a slight increase in temperature affects the life cycle, physiology, behavior, distribution and structure of populations of aquatic bioresources, especially fish. Recent studies show that some infectious diseases of fish spread much faster with increasing temperature. Climate change contributes to pathogens spread in both marine and freshwater areas. In particular, rising water temperatures can expand the range of diseases. Aquatic bioresources have high cumulative mortality from infectious diseases, and pathogens are rapidly progressing, and these phenomena may be powered by climate change, leading to the geographical spread of virulent pathogens to fisheries and aquaculture facilities, threatening much of global production and food security. The article presents data on the impact of climate change and global warming on aquaculture and fisheries. The list of the main pathogens of fish of various etiology in Ukraine, including viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases is presented. The impact of infectious agents on modern aquaculture is described and the main ideas about the possible long-term consequences of climate change for fish farms are given. Practical Value. The review may be useful for specialists in veterinary medicine, epizootology and ichthyopathology. Key words: climate change, infectious diseases of fish, pathogenesis.
Outer Set Operations of Table Algebra of Infinite Tables
Authors:   Nizhyn Gogol State University, Glushko I.N.
Published: December 2020

Table algebra of infinite tables is considered. The signature of table algebra of infinite tables is filled up with outer set operations. A formal mathematical semantics of these operations is defined.
Performance analysis of arithmetic algorithms implemented in C++ and Python programming languages
Authors:   Kiev Taras Shevchenko National University, Novokshonov A.K.
Published: December 2020

This paper presents the results of the numerical experiment, which aims to clarify the actual performance of arithmetic algorithms implemented in C ++ and Python programming languages using arbitrary precision arithmetic. "Addition machine" has been chosen as a mathematical model for integer arithmetic algorithms. "Addition machine" is a mathematical abstraction, introduced by R. Floyd and D. Knuth. The essence of "addition machine" is the following: using only operations of addition, subtraction, comparison, assignment and a limited number of registers it is possible to calculate more complex operations such as finding the residue modulo, multiplication, finding the greatest common divisor, exponentiation modulo with reasonable computational efficiency. One of the features of this implementation is the use of arbitrary precision arithmetic, which may be useful in cryptographic algorithms.
Automated development of a parallel distributed system for streaming data processing
Authors:   NTUU ", Titov D.S. ,   KPI", Doroshenko A.Yu. ,   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine, Yatsenko O.A. ,   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

An automated development of a parallel distributed dynamically scalable fault-tolerant system for processing large amount of streaming data is performed. The system is based on the framework for distributed computing Hazelcast and the usage of the toolkit for generation of programs from high-level specifications of algorithms. The inspection and study of this system is performed on an example of data processing in Twitter social network in which sentiment analysis functionality is implemented. The mechanism of the deployment of the created system on a cloud platform is examined.
Transformation of the legacy code on Fortran for scalability and cloud computing
Authors:   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine, Doroshenko A.Yu. , Khavryuchenko V.D. ,   NTUU "KPI", Tulika E.M. ,   NTUU "KPI", Zhereb K.A. ,   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

Proposed an approach to automatic transformation of the legacy code on Fortran for execution on cloud computing platforms. Proposed architecture of the system based on web-services choreography, which allows infinite scalability of the system and reduces overhead on message passing. Investigated an approach of the approach on example of the program from the quantum chemistry field.
Machine-learning methods for text named entity recognition
Authors:   Kiev Taras Shevchenko National University, Marchenko O.O.
Published: December 2020

The article describes machine learning methods for the named entity recognition. To build named entity classifiers two basic models of machine learning, The Naїve Bayes and Conditional Random Fields, were used. A model for multi-classification of named entities using Error Correcting Output Codes was also researched. The paper describes a method for classifiers' training and the results of test experiments. Conditional Random Fields overcome other models in precision and recall evaluations.
Hybrid autotuning model with statistic modelling
Authors:   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine, Doroshenko А.Yu. , Ivanenko P.A. ,   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine, Novak O.S. ,   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The paper presents well known autotuning model modified with statistic modelling in order to narrow a space of search for optimal variation of the program. Proposed method was applied to optimization of hybrid parallel sorting algorithm. Experiment results on multicore system are provided.
Integration of the description logics with operations at role constructors into relational data model
Authors:   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine, Chystiakova I.S.
Published: December 2020

The paper is a logical continuation of the previously published work, which was dedicated to the creation of mappings from the description logic into binary relational data model. Based on the previously created binary relational data structure we perform mappings of the ALC extension into relational data model (RDM). The results of previous research namely data structure RM2, mappings of the basic ALC concepts and its classical extensions into RDM were used in this paper.
Three-Year Outcomes After Brief Treatment of Substance Use and Mood Symptoms
Authors: Parthasarathy Sujaya , Kline-Simon Andrea H. , Jones Ashley , Hartman Lauren , Saba Katrina , Weisner Constance , Sterling Stacy
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND:

Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) for adolescents exhibiting co-occurring substance use and mental health problems may improve outcomes and have long-lasting effects. This study examined the relationship between access to SBIRT and substance use, depression and medical diagnoses, and health services use at 1 and 3 years postscreening for such adolescents.

METHODS:

The study draws from a cluster-randomized trial comparing SBIRT to usual care (UC) for adolescents endorsing past-year substance use and recent mood symptoms during visits to a general pediatrics clinic between November 1, 2011, and October 31, 2013, in a large, integrated health system (N = 1851); this sample examined the subset of adolescents endorsing both problems (n = 289). Outcomes included depression, substance use and medical diagnoses, and emergency department and outpatient visits 1 and 3 years later.

RESULTS:

The SBIRT group had lower odds of depression diagnoses at 1 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.31; confidence interval [CI] = 0.11–0.87) and 3 years (OR = 0.51; CI = 0.28–0.94) compared with the UC group. At 3 years, the SBIRT group had lower odds of a substance use diagnosis (OR = 0.46; CI = 0.23–0.92), and fewer emergency department visits (rate ratio = 0.65; CI = 0.44–0.97) than UC group.

CONCLUSIONS:

The findings suggest that SBIRT may prevent health complications and avert costly services use among adolescents with both mental health and substance use problems. As SBIRT is implemented widely in pediatric primary care, training pediatricians to discuss substance use and mental health problems can translate to positive outcomes for these vulnerable adolescents.
Relationship between biopsychosocial factors, body mass and body composition in preschool children
Authors:   Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland, Batko Bogna , Kowal Małgorzata ,   Department of Anthropology, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Kraków, Poland, Szwajca Marta ,   Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland, Pilecki Maciej ,   Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
Published: December 2020

Assumptions: Based on research it is estimated that since the beginning of the 21st century the number of obese individuals aged up to 18 in the world has tripled. In Poland, there are approximately 12–15% overweight children and adolescents, and 5–11% obese ones. Sociocultural changes that have taken place in Poland over the last two decades are considered to be the cause of this situation. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess biopsychosocial factors associated with adiposity indicators in preschool children. This study may serve as a comparative material for similar studies covering other populations and time ranges. Material and methods: The study was conducted among children aged 3–7 years from randomly selected kindergartens from all districts of the city of Kraków. Children’s anthropometric measurements were taken and their mothers completed a Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) form and a family socioeconomic status survey. Teachers completed a Disturbing Behaviour Questionnaire. In total, 959 children were studied; ultimately, 203 girls and 209 boys with complete study data were included in the study. Backward stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed in which the dependent variable was Slaughter score and 16 variables were included as predictors. Results: The results of the present study demonstrate that overweight and obesity in children correlate with abnormal body mass in at least one of the parents. A relationship was observed between stress-coping styles presented by the mothers, their slimness in childhood, their dieting, the child’s birth weight and breastfeeding period and children’s body fat level. Conclusions: The results indicate that the child’s body weight is associated with familial biological and psychological factors whose interaction should be the subject of further analysis.
Mathematical Model of Object Classifier based on Bayesian Approach
Authors: Batenkov Aleksandr , Batenkov Kirill , Bogachev Andrey , Mishin Vladislav
Published: December 2020

The paper claims that the primary importance in solving the classification problem is to find the conditions for dividing the General complexity into classes, determine the quality of such a bundle, and verify the classifier model. We consider a mathematical model of a non-randomized classifier of features obtained without a teacher, when the number of classes is not set a priori, but only its upper bound is set. The mathematical model is presented in the form of a statement of a minimax conditional extreme task, and it is a problem of searching for the matrix of belonging of objects to a class, and representative (reference) elements within each class. The development of the feature classifier is based on the synthesis of two-dimensional probability density in the coordinate space: classes-objects. Using generalized functions, the probabilistic problem of finding the minimum Bayesian risk is reduced to a deterministic problem on a set of non-randomized classifiers. At the same time, the use of specially introduced constraints fixes non-randomized decision rules and plunges the integer problem of nonlinear programming into a General continuous nonlinear problem. For correct synthesis of the classifier, the dispersion curve of the isotropic sample is necessary. It is necessary to use the total intra-class and inter-class variance to characterize the quality of classification. The classification problem can be interpreted as a particular problem of the theory of catastrophes. Under the conditions of limited initial data, a minimax functional was found that reflects the quality of classification for a quadratic loss function. The developed mathematical model is classified as an integer nonlinear programming problem. The model is given using polynomial constraints to the form of a General problem of nonlinear continuous programming. The necessary conditions for the bundle into classes are found. These conditions can be used as sufficient when testing the hypothesis about the existence of classes.
Empirical Approach to the Estimating the Immunity of Phase Modulation Signals with Continuous Phase
Authors: Dvornikov Sergey , Dvornikov Sergey
Published: December 2020

The high spectral efficiency of signals with continuous phase modulation (CPM) has determined their popularity and active use in various radio engineering projects. The uniqueness of the properties of CPM signals is associated with the preservation of the continuity of their phase when changing information messages for the duration of a symbol. At the same time, until recently, of the entire wide class of signals with continuous phase modulation, the most widespread were various variations, the so-called Minimum Shift Keying (MSK) signals. However, these are far from the only representatives of the class of CPM signals with the property of high spectral compactness. This article examines no less interesting signals of this class, formed by means of Dual Phase Modulation (DPM). In particular, analytical expressions of their synthesis are presented, their belonging to the class of CPM signals is substantiated. In addition, the article investigates the temporal properties of the phase function recommended by ITU-R SM.328-11 for the synthesis of signals with continuous phase modulation, presents the time and frequency fragments of MSK signals in comparison with signals with Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK). The stages of the analytical derivation of the model of noise immunity of PCM signals in terms of the probability of a bit error based on an empirical approach are presented. The generality of the obtained model with the known expression for MSK signals is shown by studying the difference function of the approximation error (error of the order of 10-3), which made it possible to obtain a more compact representation of the developed model in relation to DPM signals. It has been proven that DPM signals have higher noise immunity properties in relation to MSK signals (about 0.5 dB at an error level of 10-5), using the results of studying the difference functions determined by the difference between the signal symbols corresponding to the information values "1" and "0". The directions of further research are determined.
Centrally Reserved Access Model to the Medium in Digital Radio Communication Networks
Authors: Peregudov Maksim , Steshkovoy Anatoliy
Published: December 2020

Currently, centrally reserved access to the medium in the digital radio communication networks of the IEEE 802.11 family standards is an alternative to random multiple access to the environment such as CSMA/CA and is mainly used in the transmission voice and video messages in real time. Centrally reserved access to the environment determines the scope of interest in it from attackers. However, the assessment of effectiveness of centrally reserved access to the environment under the conditions of potentially possible destructive impacts was not carried out and therefore it is impossible to assess the contribution of such impacts to the decrease in the effectiveness of such access. Also, the stage establishing of centrally reserved access to the environment was not previously taken into account. Analytical model development of centrally reserved access to the environment under the conditions of destructive influences in digital radio communication networks of the IEEE 802.11 family standards. A mathematical model of centrally reserved access to the environment has been developed, taking into account not only the stage of its functioning, but also the stage of formation under the conditions of destructive influences by the attacker. Moreover, in the model the stage of establishing centrally reserved access to the medium displays a sequential relationship of such access, synchronization elements in digital radio communication networks and random multiple access to the medium of the CSMA/CA type. It was established that collisions in the data transmission channel caused by destructive influences can eliminate centrally reserved access to the medium even at the stage of its establishment. The model is applicable in the design of digital radio communication networks of the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, the optimization of such networks of the operation, and the detection of potential destructive effects by an attacker.
Infinite-dimensional manifolds related to C-spaces
Authors: Zarichnyi Mykhailo , Polivoda Oryslava
Published: December 2020

Haver's property C turns out to be related to Borst's transfinite extension of the covering dimension. We prove that, for a uncountably many countable ordinals β there exists a strongly universal kω-space for the class of spaces of transfinite covering dimension <β. In some sense, our result is a kω-counterpart of Radul's theorem on existence of absorbing sets of given transfinite covering dimension.
Open finite-to-one functions on open topological graphs
Authors: Власенко Ігор Юрійович
Published: December 2020

The paper describes homotopy classes of open continuous functions on finite open topological graphs
On Rham cohomology of locally trivial Lie groupoids over triangulated manifolds
Authors: Oliveira Jose R.
Published: December 2020

Based on the isomorphism between Lie algebroid cohomology and piecewise smooth cohomology of a transitive Lie algebroid, it is proved that the Rham cohomology of a locally trivial Lie groupoid G on a smooth manifold M is isomorphic to the piecewise Rham cohomology of G, in which G and M are manifolds without boundary and M is smoothly triangulated by a finite simplicial complex K such that, for each simplex ∆ of K, the inverse images of ∆ by the source and target mappings of G are transverses submanifolds in the ambient space G. As a consequence, it is shown that the piecewise de Rham cohomology of G does not depend on the triangulation of the base.
Floer-Novikov cohomology and symplectic fixed points, revisited
Authors: Ono Kaoru , Le Hong Van
Published: December 2020

This note is mostly an exposition of a few versions of Floer-Novikov cohomology with a few new observations. For example, we state a lower bound for the number of symplectic fixed points of a non-degenerate symplectomorphism, which is symplectomorphic isotopic to the identity, on a compact symplectic manifold, more precisely than previous statements in [14,10].
Rectangular diagrams of surfaces: the basic moves
Authors: Dynnikov Ivan , Prasolov Maxim
Published: December 2020

In earlier papers we introduced a representation of isotopy classes of compact surfaces embedded in the three-sphere S3 by so called rectangular diagrams. The formalism proved useful for comparing Legendrian knots. The aim of this paper is to prove a Reidemeister type theorem for rectangular diagrams of surfaces.
Claude Brunier Collin, Jean François Petit (eds.). Le statut actuel de la métaphysique. Actes du colloque des 6-8 juillet 2018. Orizons: Paris, 2019. 420p.
Authors: Olmos de Aguilera Carmen Luz
Published: December 2020

Reseña
MODERN STRUCTURAL STEELS WITH TRIP-EFFECT
Authors: V. I. Zurnadzhy  , V. S. Voloshyn  , R. A. Kussa  , V. G. Efremenko  , A. V. Dzherenova  , O. V. Tsvetkova
Published: December 2020

Purpose. The aim of this work is to analyze the latest literature data on current state of the issue in the development of the chemical composition and heat treatment modes of steels that implement the TRIP effect under loading. Due to the deformation martensitic transformation of retained austenite, these steels have increased mechanical and operational properties with cost-saving alloying. Methodology. The information published over a long period of time in scientific literature, including domestic sources and high-rating foreign publications are used in this work. The information is systematized by the main TRIP-steels’ types and relates to their chemical composition and heat treatment technology. Findings. The article presents a retrospective of the research progress on the development of structural TRIP effect added steels namely: high-alloy single-phase metastable austenitic steels, as well as low-alloy multiphase TRIP-assisted steels, in which the TRIP effect plays an supporting role, as an additional strengthening and providing increased plasticity mechanism. The latter group of steels includes low alloy TRIP-assisted steels, δ-TRIP steels and maraging TRIP steels. The typical alloying schemes and applied heat treatment modes that make it possible to achieve the optimal phase-structural components ratio, the volume fraction and stability of retained austenite to deformation martensitic transformation in steels and, as a result, to provide an increased mechanical and operational properties were described. The key role of the carbide-free structure formation is noted, which is achieved by alloying with silicon and/or aluminum in providing high properties of steel. The prospects of using modern structural TRIP steels in the automotive and in the machine-building industry are shown. Recommendations for further research directions in this area are made. Originality. The article provides an analysis and systematization of relevant literature data on the development of technologies for the production of multiphase structural steels with retained metastable austenite, realizing the TRIP effect. Practical value. The results of the research can be used as reference materials in solving material design problems, as well as for educational purposes in the preparation of specialized professionals in engineering specialties.
INTERACTION DYNAMICS OF SOME TYPES OF FREIGHT CARS WITH A RAILWAY TRACK
Authors: A. O. Shvets
Published: December 2020

Purpose. An integral and essential feature of the modern wagon fleet is its large scale. For the entire fleet of rolling stock, even the smallest structural changes take on enormous proportions. The aim of the work is a theoretical study of the influence of the inertial characteristics of bodies of various types of freight rolling stock, taking into account the loading mode and the movement speed, on their main dynamic and interaction indicators with the track structure. Methodology. Theoretical studies were carried out by the method of mathematical and computer modeling of the dynamic load during the movement of some types of freight cars: gondola cars model 12-532, hopper cars for transporting coal model 12-4034 and flat wagons model 13-401 on standard bogies 18-100 at speeds in the range from 50 to 90 km/h on curves of small and medium radii. Findings. The analysis of theoretical studies of the dynamic qualities and interaction indicators of freight rolling stock and the railway track is presented. In the course of theoretical studies and after modeling taking into account the oscillation processes of freight cars at different loading modes the dependences of the main dynamic indicators on the movement speed were obtained. Originality. The influence of inertial characteristics of bodies of various types of freight rolling stock and loading modes on the dynamic load of a car was first explored in order to solve the problem of predicting the rolling stock dynamics and indicators of its interaction with the track. The results of theoretical studies taking into account the movement speed along curved track sections of small and medium radius were obtained. Practical value. The presented calculation results make it possible to determine the optimal values of such parameters as dead weight, height of the mass center and car base length when solving the problems of modernizing the operated car fleet and determining the reserves for increasing their carrying capacity. They make it possible to solve the problems of finding the optimal directions for modernizing the rail vehicle; contribute to the creation of technical conditions for the manufacture of new and modernization of the operated freight cars and are aimed at increasing the level of reliability and safety of the transportation process in modern conditions on the railway transport.
SEARCH AND JUSTIFICATION OF WAYS TO INCREASE THE UNITIZED CARGO TRANSPORTATION EFFICIENCY
Authors: Y. V. Litvinova  , O. D. Baranovsky
Published: December 2020

Purpose. Identification and methodological substantiation of ways to increase the unitized cargo transportation efficiency, which would increase the trucking company profits and the manufacturer quality customer service. Methodology. In the course of the research the following methods were used: the method of theoretical generalization and systematization to determine the peculiarities of formation of the rational routes of cargo transportation in different conditions; the analytical method to determine the factors influencing the feasibility of adopting a certain strategy of the trucking company to improve the transportation efficiency; comparison to analyze strategies to increase the cargo transportation efficiency of the trucking company when using routes of different types. Findings. The relationship between the organizational structure effectiveness of the production enterprise management and the probable problems in choosing the type of route for goods delivery to customers is defined. The authors proved that the efficiency of unitized cargo transportation depends on a well-defined strategy of increasing the road transport efficiency. Based on the conducted research the influence of economic and organizational factors on expediency of the decision concerning rational strategy of transportation efficiency maintenance is estimated. Three types of strategies are proposed, the content of which is reflected in the receipt of additional profit by the transport company from the production enterprise, when using pendulum routes by saving its resources (return of returnable packaging) and by finding cargo on the way back, as well as using delivery-assembling routes while minimizing fines for late goods delivery. The dependence visualization of the amount of the trucking company profit on the type of strategy adopted allows us to assess the prospects for the introduction of certain types of freight vehicles routes. Originality. Methodical approaches to ways substantiation of the trucking company profit increase, choosing their rational route according to the efficiency increase strategy of unitized cargo transportations from the manufacturer to clients have received further development. Practical value. The obtained results are aimed at improving the methodological approaches to optimizing the unitized cargo routes, based on the choice of two types of routes in certain conditions, the first is the pendulum route with simultaneous receipt of applications for goods delivery, the second – the delivery-assembling routes, taking into account fines for late delivery.
Nanotechnologies: a review of inventions and utility models. Part V
Authors: Ivanov L.A. , Xu L.D. , Bokova E.S. , Ishkov A.D. , Muminova S.R.
Published: December 2020

The article provides an abstract review of patents. The results of creative activity of scientists, engineers and specialists, including inventions in the field of nanotechnology and nanomaterials, being implemented, allow achieving a significant effect in construction, housing and community services, and related sectors of the economy. For example, the invention «A method to produce dry construction mixtures» refers to manufacturing of building materials, in particularly, to manufacture of dry construction mixtures (DCM) by the method of joint mechanoactivation of cement and dolomite, with further modification of them with carbon nanostructures (CNT). The technical result of the given method of mixing CNT and main component of dry construction mixtures - cement – is that it makes possible to use microquantities (0.005%) of CNT in DCM. That allows decreasing product cost of obtained mixture. Moreover, due to increased strength, faster hardening of materials one can reduce consumption of these mixtures. That is additional factor affecting decrease of mixture product cost. The results obtained after application of mechanoactivation of basic mixture components were different practically by all indicators from the mixtures prepared by simple mixing. Compression strength and tensile strength increased by 10–15%, adhesion strength increased too. Along with increasing of strength characteristics such an important indicator of DCM as air permeability has decreased. Reduction of total volume of pores in dense structure of cement matrix caused dramatic slow-up of moisture diffusion rate. The specialists can also be interested in the following inventions in the area of nanotechnologies: a method of laser building-up welding for metal coatings, high RAP in WMA surface mixture containing nanoglass fibers, a device to apply nanoparticles of metal oxides on metal surface under normal conditions, multifunctional nanostructured additive for coatings, experimental assessment of cement mortar using nanooxide compounds, a composition for setting constructional layers of road pavements, a method to obtain composite films of nanofibers, nano-engineering of construction materials using molecular dynamics simulations, cast and self-compacting concrete mixture for cast-in-situ concrete and prefabricated reinforced units, a method to obtain photocatalyst based on nanotubular titanium dioxide et al