bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Directions in Therapeutic Angiogenesis and Arteriogenesis in Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Annex Brian H. , Cooke John P.
Published: June 2021

The prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in the United States exceeds 10 million people, and PAD is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality across the globe. PAD is typically caused by atherosclerotic obstructions in the large arteries to the leg(s). The most common clinical consequences of PAD include pain on walking (claudication), impaired functional capacity, pain at rest, and loss of tissue integrity in the distal limbs that may lead to lower extremity amputation. Patients with PAD also have higher than expected rates of myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death. Despite advances in surgical and endovascular procedures, revascularization procedures may be suboptimal in relieving symptoms, and some patients with PAD cannot be treated because of comorbid conditions. In some cases, relieving obstructive disease in the large conduit arteries does not assure complete limb salvage because of severe microvascular disease. Despite several decades of investigational efforts, medical therapies to improve perfusion to the distal limb are of limited benefit. Whereas recent studies of anticoagulant (eg, rivaroxaban) and intensive lipid lowering (such as PCSK9 [proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9] inhibitors) have reduced major cardiovascular and limb events in PAD populations, chronic ischemia of the limb remains largely resistant to medical therapy. Experimental approaches to improve limb outcomes have included the administration of angiogenic cytokines (either as recombinant protein or as gene therapy) as well as cell therapy. Although early angiogenesis and cell therapy studies were promising, these studies lacked sufficient control groups and larger randomized clinical trials have yet to achieve significant benefit. This review will focus on what has been learned to advance medical revascularization for PAD and how that information might lead to novel approaches for therapeutic angiogenesis and arteriogenesis for PAD.
Demographic Disparities in Proximity to Certified Stroke Care in the United States
Authors: Yu Cathy Y. , Blaine Timothy , Panagos Peter D. , Kansagra Akash P.
Published: June 2021

Background and Purpose:

Demographic disparities in proximity to stroke care influence time to treatment and clinical outcome but remain understudied at the national level. This study quantifies the relationship between distance to the nearest certified stroke hospital and census-derived demographics.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included population data by census tract from the United States Census Bureau’s 2014–2018 American Community Survey, stroke hospitals certified by a state or national body and providing intravenous thrombolysis, and geographic data from a public mapping service. Data were retrieved from March to November 2020. Quantile regression analysis was used to compare relationships between road distance to the nearest stroke center for each census tract and tract-level demographics of age, race, ethnicity, medical insurance status, median annual income, and population density.

Results:

Two thousand three hundred eighty-eight stroke centers and 71 929 census tracts including 316 995 649 individuals were included. Forty-nine thousand nine hundred eighteen (69%) tracts were urban. Demographic disparities in proximity to certified stroke care were greater in nonurban areas than urban areas. Higher representation of individuals with age ≥65 years was associated with increased median distance to a certified stroke center in nonurban areas (0.51 km per 1% increase [99.9% CI, 0.42–0.59]) but not in urban areas (0.00 km [−0.01 to 0.01]). In urban and nonurban tracts, median distance was greater with higher representation of American Indian (urban: 0.10 km per 1% increase [0.06–0.14]; nonurban: 1.06 km [0.98–1.13]) or uninsured populations (0.02 km [0.00–0.03]; 0.27 km [0.15–0.38]). Each $10 000 increase in median income was associated with a decrease in median distance of 5.04 km [4.31–5.78] in nonurban tracts, and an increase of 0.17 km [0.10–0.23] in urban tracts.

Conclusions:

Disparities were greater in nonurban areas than in urban areas. Nonurban census tracts with greater representation of elderly, American Indian, or uninsured people, or low median income were substantially more distant from certified stroke care.
The response of total testing process in clinical laboratory medicine to COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Eren Funda , Tuncay Merve Ergin , Oguz Esra Firat , Neselioglu Salim , Erel Ozcan
Published: June 2021

Following a pandemic, laboratory medicine is vulnerable to laboratory errors due to the stressful and high workloads. We aimed to examine how laboratory errors may arise from factors, e.g., flexible working order, staff displacement, changes in the number of tests, and samples will reflect on the total test process (TTP) during the pandemic period.
In 12 months, 6 months before and during the pandemic, laboratory errors were assessed via quality indicators (QIs) related to TTP phases. QIs were grouped as pre-, intra- and postanalytical. The results of QIs were expressed in defect percentages and sigma, evaluated with 3 levels of performance quality: 25th, 50th and 75th percentile values.
When the pre- and during pandemic periods were compared, the sigma value of the samples not received was significantly lower in pre-pandemic group than during pandemic group (4.7σ vs. 5.4σ, P = 0.003). The sigma values of samples transported inappropriately and haemolysed samples were significantly higher in pre-pandemic period than during pandemic (5.0σ vs. 4.9σ, 4.3σ vs. 4.1σ; P = 0.046 and P = 0.044, respectively). Sigma value of tests with inappropriate IQC performances was lower during pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period (3.3σ vs. 3.2σ, P = 0.081). Sigma value of the reports delivered outside the specified time was higher during pandemic than pre-pandemic period (3.0σ vs. 3.1σ, P = 0.030).
In all TTP phases, some quality indicators improved while others regressed during the pandemic period. It was observed that preanalytical phase was affected more by the pandemic.
A taxonomic synopsis and morphological characterization of Myoxanthus (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae)
Authors: ROJAS-ALVARADO GUSTAVO , BLANCO MARIO A. , KARREMANS ADAM P.
Published: June 2021

The taxonomic history, general description and distribution are provided for Myoxanthus. Morphological characterization of the vegetative and reproductive organs is illustrated with photographs. A list of the 52 accepted species includes synonyms and distribution; most are illustrated with a flower photograph. Lectotypes for M. frutex, M. lonchophyllus, M. neillii, M. pulvinatus, M. punctatus, and M. serripetalus are designated, and a neotype is selected for M. melittanthus. Myoxanthus parvilabius is reported for the first time for Colombia. The circumscription of M. lonchophyllus is reevaluated, Pleurothallis pennellia is recognized as a distinct taxon and transferred to Myoxanthus, and Myoxanthus panamense, a new species related to M. scandens, is described from Pamana.
Three new species of Cosmetidae C.L. Koch, 1839 from South America (Opiliones: Cosmetidae)
Authors: PINZÓN M. CONCHITA , DAMRON BRITTANY , PINTO-DA-ROCHA RICARDO
Published: June 2021

Three new species of harvestmen are described based on morphology. Taito mayoruna spec. nov. from Jenaro Herrera province, Loreto, Peru is differentiated from other species of Taito Kury & Barros, 2014 by features such as anal operculum armed, and femur IV with two retro-distal spines. Taito curupira spec. nov. from Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil is recognized by an H-shaped color pattern, femur IV curved dorsally and armed with medial prolateral and retrolateral tubercles. A third species herein described, Eulibitia chacuamarei spec. nov., from Trinidad, Casanare, Colombia is distinguished by the absence of a ladder mask and by the presence of blunt tubercles on areas I, III and the posterior margin. Penial morphology is described, and SEM micrographs are included.
Contributions to the taxonomy of some Amazonian Stygnidae (Opiliones: Laniatores: Gonyleptoidea)
Authors: VILLARREAL OSVALDO , KURY ADRIANO B. , COLMENARES PÍO A.
Published: June 2021

Some taxonomic changes are made in Amazonian Stygnidae, based on reinterpretation of generic boundaries: (1) the hitherto monotypic genus Jime Pinto-da-Rocha & Tourinho, 2012 is newly recorded from Venezuela: Jime praecursor spec. nov. (Tobogán de la Selva, Amazonas state) is described and a new generic diagnosis is provided. The genital chaetotaxy is interpreted for the two known species of Jime, and (2) three species which have been originally described as Stygnoplus Simon, 1879 are herein newly transferred to Yapacana Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997 (hitherto monotypic): Y. ianomami (Pinto-da-Rocha & Tourinho, 2012) comb. nov., Y. neblina (Pinto-da-Rocha & Tourinho, 2012) comb. nov., and Y. tapirapeco (Pinto-da-Rocha & Tourinho, 2012) comb. nov. A key for identification of males of the genus Yapacana is offered.
Five new leptonetid spiders from China (Araneae: Leptonetidae)
Authors: ZHU WENHUI , LI SHUQIANG
Published: June 2021

Four new species belonging to Leptonetela Kratochvíl, 1978 and one new species belonging to Rhyssoleptoneta Tong & Li, 2007 are described from China: Leptonetela martensi spec. nov. (Guizhou; male, female), L. taixu spec. nov. (Guizhou; male, female), L. xianwu spec. nov. (Hubei; male, female), L. xinglong spec. nov. (Guizhou; male, female), and Rhyssoleptoneta aosen spec. nov. (Beijing; male, female). These new species bring the total number of Leptonetela to 117 species and Rhyssoleptoneta to 2 species worldwide.
Juvenile Court Outcomes for Retail Offenders: An Examination of Offense Type, Sex, and Race/Ethnicity
Authors: Elligson Richard L. , Peck Jennifer H. , Ray James V.
Published: June 2021

Using all delinquency referrals in a Northeast state, the current study examined how youth charged with retail offenses differed from other offense types across multiple juvenile court outcomes (i.e., petition, adjudication, and disposition). The individual and joint effects of a juvenile’s sex and race/ethnicity were also investigated to determine whether these extralegal factors conditioned the relationship between offense type and juvenile system processing. Findings indicate that at each decision-making stage, retail offenders were significantly more likely to be treated with leniency compared to other offense types. The results also reinforced the continued impact of sex and race/ethnicity on shaping judicial outcomes at each stage. Implications regarding the processing of juvenile retail offenders and the influence of juvenile characteristics on juvenile court decision-making are discussed.
Parametric design to reduced-order functional observer for linear time-varying systems
Authors: Gu Da-Ke , Sun Li-Song , Liu Yin-Dong
Published: June 2021

This article studies the parametric design of reduced-order functional observer (ROFO) for linear time-varying (LTV) systems. Firstly, existence conditions of the ROFO are deduced based on the differentiable nonsingular transformation. Then, depending on the solution of the generalized Sylvester equation (GSE), a series of fully parameterized expressions of observer coefficient matrices are established, and a parametric design flow is given. Using this method, the observer can be constructed under the expected convergence speed of the observation error. Finally, two numerical examples are given to verify the correctness and effectiveness of this method and also the aircraft control problem.
Hybrid H-infinity synchronization for uncertain continuous chaotic systems based on digital redesign approach
Authors: Fang Jiunn-Shiou , Tsai Jason Sheng-Hong , Yan Jun-Juh , Chiang Li-Huseh , Guo Shu-Mei
Published: June 2021

In this paper, the design of hybrid H-infinity synchronization control for continuous chaotic systems based on sliding mode control (SMC) is considered. H-infinity discrete sliding mode controllers integrated with the digital redesign approach are newly designed to achieve robust chaos synchronization. By the proposed design procedure, an H-infinity discrete-time SMC can be easily obtained to guarantee the robustness of synchronization even if the system is disturbed with unmatched perturbations. Besides, since the saturation function is adopted to eliminate the unexpected chattering phenomenon, this paper also discusses the effect of saturation function in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) SMC and the upper bounds of sliding mode trajectories are obtained which is not indicated in the literature. Finally, we perform the simulation to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
A Diffusion Perspective on the Discontinuance of Sustainable Tourism Quality Control Tools
Authors: Lesar Laura , Weaver David
Published: June 2021

Quality control tools such as certification are the critical infrastructure of sustainable tourism that facilitate triple bottom-line outcomes. Prior scholarship investigates tool adoption, but examination of discontinuance is absent. Using Diffusion of Innovations Theory, we investigate the diversity of discontinuance among practitioners in a destination by tool type, discontinuance manifestations, and influential attributes. Semistructured interviews revealed selective tool discontinuance and salient influence of relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, and observability attributes. Conventional replacement and disenchantment discontinuance manifestations were augmented by emergent induced, episodic, and recalibration forms and organized along an original typology from pure discontinuance to retention. Findings suggest practitioner alignment with “post-Fordist” sustainable tourism. Implications for tool counterdiffusion are assimilated into ongoing discourses of sustainable tourism theory and practice. Prospects for tool-specific attributes also emerge, for the first time, and when paired with those theoretical can inform an entirely novel realm of supply-side tool design; practical applications are illustrated.
Workplace cyberbullying: A criminological and routine activity perspective
Authors: Zhang Sixuan , Leidner Dorothy , Cao Xin , Liu Ning
Published: June 2021

Extant research on the antecedents of workplace cyberbullying pays little attention to the role of perpetrator traits in influencing workplace cyberbullying, as well as the unique occurrence context that distinguishes workplace cyberbullying with juvenile cyberbullying, workplace bullying, and adult cyberbullying in general. To fill these gaps, we consider the antecedents of workplace cyberbullying under the theoretical lens of the general theory of crime and routine activities theory. We build a model incorporating low self-control, a widely discussed perpetrator trait in criminology theories, with three types of routine activities representing the unique occurrence context for workplace cyberbullying—mWork, boundary-spanning in enterprise social media, and proactive email checking. We tested our model with 2025 employees in the United States. Our findings demonstrate that low self-control and the three routine activities are strong motivators for workplace cyberbullying. Our findings further show that the effect of low self-control on workplace cyberbullying is amplified by the three routine activities. The study contributes to our understanding of why workplace cyberbullying occurs and offers potential implications for managers interested in reducing incidences of workplace cyberbullying in their organization.
Self-compassion and Shame Among Rape Survivors
Authors: Bhuptani Prachi H. , Messman Terri L.
Published: June 2021

Women are at increased risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression associated with rape, and shame plays a vital role in the development and maintenance of PTSD and depression. Thus, there is a need to identify factors that may decrease shame among female survivors of adult rape. Self-compassion may be one such factor. The present study used path analysis in MPlus version 7.3 to examine the indirect effect of self-compassion on PTSD and depression via rape-related shame. We hypothesized that higher levels of self-compassion would be associated with lower levels of rape-related shame, which in turn would be associated with lower levels of PTSD and depression. College women ( N = 305) who reported experiencing rape completed anonymous online surveys assessing rape, self-compassion, rape-related shame, PTSD, and depression. Consistent with our hypothesis, results indicated that self-compassion was negatively associated with assault-related shame, which in turn was positively associated with PTSD and depression. There was also a significant indirect effect of self-compassion on PTSD and depression via rape-related shame. Further, rape-related shame fully explained the relation between self-compassion and PTSD. Findings suggest that self-compassion may be an appropriate target to reduce rape-related shame and may subsequently facilitate reductions in PTSD and depression symptoms.
Evaluation of Medications Used for Hospitalized Patients With Sleep Disturbances: A Frequency Analysis and Literature Review
Authors: White Brittany , Snyder Heather S. , Patel Megan Van Berkel
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

Poor sleep during hospitalization is common and implicated in worse patient outcomes. Despite implementation of non-pharmacologic techniques, medications are still frequently required. The study objective is to assess the frequency of new medications administered for sleep in hospitalized patients and to review literature evaluating these drug therapies in the inpatient setting.

Methods:

This retrospective study included adult inpatients if they received a new medication for sleep during a 5-day period. Patients were excluded if the medication was continued from home or if sleep was not the documented indication. For the literature review, a MEDLINE search was conducted to identify studies pertaining to pharmacotherapy for sleep in hospitalized patients.

Results:

Of 1,968 patient-days reviewed, a medication for sleep was given for 166 patient-days (8.4%) in 78 patients. Melatonin was most commonly received (70.5%), followed by benzodiazepines (9.6%). A review of antihistamines, benzodiazepines, melatonin, quetiapine, trazodone, and Z-drugs (non-benzodiazepine hypnotics) was conducted and 23 studies were included.

Conclusions:

Despite widespread use of pharmacotherapy for sleep, there is a paucity of data evaluating use in the inpatient setting. Although there is significant heterogeneity among studies, melatonin has the strongest evidence for use and is an attractive option given its lack of adverse reactions and drug interactions. Benzodiazepines and Z-drugs were also frequently utilized; however, their reduced clearance in the elderly and potential for compounded sedative effects should be weighed heavily against potential sleep benefits. Antipsychotic agents cannot be recommended for routine use due to limited data and the potential for significant adverse effects.
Effects of stacking sequence of pineapple leaf-flax reinforced hybrid composite laminates on mechanical characterization and moisture resistant properties
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Saha Abir
Published: June 2021

The present study aims to investigate the effects of stacking sequence on physical, mechanical and moisture resistant properties of pineapple leaf fiber (PF) and flax fiber (FF) reinforced composite laminates. The non-hybrid and hybrid composite laminates are fabricated by using vacuum assisted resin infusion molding process (VARIM) with an inter-ply configuration. From the results, the maximum tensile strength (219.3 MPa), flexural strength (132.4 MPa), shear strength (39.1 MPa) and impact energy (50.2 J) have been recorded for FFRP composites while the minimum for PFRP (124.7 MPa, 52.3 MPa, 4.3 MPa, and 23.3 J) respectively. For hybrid composite laminates, the increase in volume fraction of flax fiber, improved the mechanical and moisture resistant properties while an increase in the volume fraction of PALF enhanced the elongation and flexibility of the developed composites. Furthermore, it observed that, stacking sequence configuration of flax fibers as outer layer exhibited better tensile, flexural, impact and moisture properties while flax fibers at inner layer examined maximum shear properties. Therefore, among hybrid composites, H7 recorded maximum tensile strength, flexural strength and impact energy (207.7 MPa, 121.7 MPa and 48.8 J) while H5 recorded maximum shear strength (24.2 MPa). The water absorption and chemical resistant behaviour of fabricated laminates with five different combinations of solution (distilled water, seawater, hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid and sodium carbonate) are examined and revealed that hybrid composite laminates have better resistance to water and chemical uptake. The morphology and fracture analysis of composite laminates are analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Overall, the developed hybrid composite laminates have lighter weight, economical and better interfacial bonding with improved mechanical and moisture properties for distinct load-bearing applications.
Mixed and single gas permeation performance analysis of amino-modified ZIF based mixed matrix membrane
Authors: Salahuddin Zarrar , Farrukh Sarah , Hussain Arshad , Noor Tayyaba , Kwapinski Witold
Published: June 2021

Dense and translucent CA/PEG 1000/ZIF membranes were synthesized in acetone, utilizing solution casting. Membrane characterization was carried out using FT-IR, SEM and tensile testing. SEM proved presence of dense membranes and increase in the filler amount may have formed voids, raising the permeability of both gases. Single and mixed gas (CO2/CH4) permeation testing showed an increased permeability, on addition of more filler, which is probably due to formation of nano-gaps. A maximum selectivity of 39.49 and 34.86 for single and mixed gases respectively, and maximum permeabilities of 49.7685 and 1.41 barrers were observed. Tensile testing showed that strength peaked then decreased on increased loading, due to agglomeration on adding more ZIF, which introduced defects in structure. To conclude, selectivity of higher loaded membranes is favourable whereas tensile strength of lower loaded membrane is superior, but we have a trade-off between selectivity and tensile strength, so a higher-loaded membrane is most suitable.

[Formula: see text]
An Interprofessional Approach to Advance Care Planning
Authors: Kwak Jung , Jamal Aleena , Jones Barbara , Timmerman Gayle M. , Hughes Brian , Fry Liam
Published: June 2021

Context:

Advance care planning (ACP) can improve patients’ outcomes at end of life, and interprofessional collaboration has been recommended to facilitate ACP. However, role confusion in ACP facilitation among team members from different disciplines exists, and health professional disciplines’ expectations for interprofessional collaboration in ACP are unclear.

Objective:

To review expectations of major health professional organizations for ACP competencies, in order to identify gaps and opportunities for promoting interprofessional collaboration in ACP facilitation.

Methods:

Guidelines and recommendations for ACP across disciplines including chaplaincy, medicine, nursing, psychology, and social work were identified and analyzed using content analysis. Main themes were then reviewed against national consensus statements on 4 ACP outcomes (process outcomes, action outcomes, quality of care outcomes, and healthcare outcomes) and mapped into existing domains for interprofessional education competency: values/ethics, roles/responsibilities, interprofessional communication, and teams and teamwork.

Results:

Three major content themes were identified: professional commitment to advocating for patients’ values and self-determination, professional responsibility to facilitate ACP, and specific tasks in ACP. These themes addressed mostly process and action outcomes of ACP but not quality of care outcomes or healthcare outcomes. Few disciplines included interprofessional collaboration as part of ACP competency.

Conclusion:

There is a need for standardized competency guidelines for interprofessional collaboration in ACP as an important first step in reducing confusion among roles and other challenges in facilitating ACP. Further efforts in practice, research, and policy are needed to facilitate interprofessional ACP, achieve competencies, and improve patients’ outcomes.
Orbital neuromuscular choristoma of the ophthalmic nerve
Authors: Bermudez-Castellanos Irene , Marques-Fernandez Victoria , Gonzalez-Gonzalez Diego , Alvarez-Garcia Marta , Galindo-Ferreiro Alicia
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Neuromuscular choristoma (NC) is a rare tumor composed of striated muscle fibers admixed with nerve fibers that often affects large peripheral nerve trunks in children. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case in the literature of a NC of the ophthalmic nerve in an adult.

Case description:

A 27-year-old woman presented with a 20-day history of left periorbital headache radiating to the frontotemporal region, with associated tearing, nausea, and vomiting. The examination was normal, except for hypoesthesia in the distribution of the first trigeminal nerve branch (V1). Cranial computerized tomography showed a lesion in the left orbit and cavernous sinus with widening of the superior orbital fissure. On magnetic resonance imaging, the lesion was well-defined with fusiform morphology and showed a central cystic component and peripheral enhancement. An extradural approach was performed with subtotal tumor resection. Biopsy showed proliferation of striated muscle cells admixed with nerve fascicles and Schwann cells. A pathological diagnosis of NC of V1 was determined. Six months after surgery, left hypotropia with limitation of supraduction was observed, as well as hypoesthesia and paralysis of the left forehead with ipsilateral eyebrow ptosis. The rest of the examination remained within normal limits.

Conclusion:

NC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a young patient with periorbital headache and hypoesthesia in the V1 region.
Examining the impact of visual presentations and online reviews on hotel booking intentions
Authors: Amin Dawood , Mahomed Anuar SB , Ab Aziz Yuhanis B , Hashim Haslinda B
Published: June 2021

This study aims to examine the factors affecting the behavioural intentions toward online hotel booking. The study integrates visual presentations and online reviews with the technology acceptance model (TAM). Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the proposed hypotheses in this research. The results report that booking intentions are mainly determined by visual presentations and perceived usefulness. The statistical analysis supports the notion that visual presentations and online reviews have a positive impact on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. However, online reviews do not have any significant influence on booking intention directly. The study concludes that online consumers are more likely to book a hotel online if visual presentations and online reviews appear to be useful and easy to use. The findings contribute several implications for researchers and practitioners in the hospitality field.
The Succession Narrative in Twenty-first-century Research
Authors: Knapp Andrew
Published: June 2021

Although research on the Succession Narrative has proliferated in recent decades, no comprehensive surveys of secondary literature have appeared since the mid-1990s. In this article, I survey the many disparate works of Succession Narrative scholarship that have been published since that time. I focus on recent conclusions about the boundaries, unity, date, intention, and theme of the traditionally delineated Succession Narrative (2 Samuel 9–20; 1 Kings 1–2). While the traditional theory of the text, as formulated by Leonhard Rost, dominated scholarship of the twentieth century, in the twenty-first, nothing approaching a consensus can be claimed for any aspect of the Succession Narrative.
Sexual and Gender Minority Inclusivity in Bystander Intervention Programs to Prevent Violence on College Campuses: A Critical Review
Authors: Kirk-Provencher Katelyn T. , Spillane Nichea S. , Schick Melissa R. , Chalmers Sydney J. , Hawes Courtney , Orchowski Lindsay M.
Published: June 2021

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals are at increased risk for experiencing sexual violence. Bystander intervention training programs are a first-line prevention recommendation for reducing sexual and dating violence on college campuses. Little is known regarding the extent to which SGM individuals are represented in the content of bystander intervention programs or are included in studies examining the effectiveness of bystander intervention programs. The present critical review aimed to fill this gap in knowledge. Twenty-eight empirical peer-reviewed evaluations of bystander intervention programs aimed at reducing dating violence or sexual assault on college campuses were examined. Three studies (10.7%) described including content representing SGM individuals in the program. Personal communication with study authors indicated that—although not mentioned in the publication—many programs describe rates of violence among SGM students. When describing the study sample, six studies (21.4%) indicated that transgender, nonbinary, or students classified as “other” were included in the research. Approximately two thirds of studies (67.9%) did not describe participants’ sexual orientation. No studies reported outcomes specifically among SGM individuals, and two (7.1%) mentioned a lack of SGM inclusion as a study limitation. Work is needed to better represent SGM individuals in the content of bystander intervention programs and ensure adequate representation of SGM individuals in studies examining the effectiveness of bystander intervention programs.
Cultural Sensitivity in Interventions Aiming to Reduce or Prevent Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy: A Scoping Review
Authors: Henriksen Lena , Kisa Sezer , Lukasse Mirjam , Flaathen Eva Marie , Mortensen Berit , Karlsen Elisabeth , Garnweidner-Holme Lisa
Published: June 2021

Intimate partner violence (IPV) around the time of pregnancy is a recognized global health problem. Ethnic minorities and immigrant pregnant women experiencing IPV require culturally responsive health services. The aim of this scoping review was to identify aspects of cultural sensitivity in interventions to prevent or reduce IPV among ethnic minorities and immigrant pregnant women in high-income countries. Eight databases were searched in November 2019. Any type of scientific research, quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods studies regarding interventions against IPV among pregnant women were considered for inclusion. Resnicow et al.’s definition of cultural sensitivity was used to identify aspects of cultural sensitivity. Ten papers relating to nine interventions/studies met our inclusion criteria. These studies, which included randomized controlled trials, a mixed methods study, a program evaluation, and a longitudinal study, were conducted in Australia, Belgium, Norway, and the United States. Aspects of surface cultural sensitivity, including the translation of intervention content into the language of the target group(s) and the involvement of bilingual staff to recruit participants, were identified in eight studies. Deep structure aspects of cultural sensitivity were identified in one study, where the intervention content was pretested among the target group(s). Results that could be related to the culture-sensitive adaptions included successful recruitment of the target population. Three studies were planning to investigate women’s experiences of interventions, but no publications were yet available. This scoping review provides evidence that culturally sensitive interventions to reduce or prevent IPV among immigrant pregnant women are limited in number and detail.
Parameter characterization of a buried mine blast event with further emphasis on sympathetic detonation and layered soil bed conditions
Authors: Jensen Morten Rikard , Smith Wilford , Khanna Kshitiz
Published: June 2021

The presented work documents the results of a comprehensive sensitivity study of the structural response of a military vehicle subjected to the impulse from a buried charge using the discrete particle method (DPM) to model the soil and high explosive (HE) coupled to a finite-element solver for the structure. Eighteen different process and numerical parameters were studied. Each of the numerical results was compared with a base model to see the influence of the considered parameter. The structure in the base model was the TARDEC Generic Vehicle Hull and the response parameter was chosen to be the total blast impulse (TBI) on the structure. The non-linear transient dynamic explicit finite-element solver used for the analysis was the IMPETUS Afea Solver®. The study includes soil characteristics and charge related parameters, such as size, type, geometry, and location. The depth of burial (DOB) and number of discrete particles were also considered in the study. Further, different numerical parameters were included. The results provide a good understanding of process and numerical parameters when modeling buried charges with a coupled finite-element model (FEM) and DPM approach. As a natural extension of the sensitivity study the effect of a layered soil bed is investigated, the topsoil either being dry or wet soil. Further, it is illustrated how to model a sympathetic detonation where the detonation of one improvised explosive device (IED) generates a pressure that results in the detonation of a second IED.
Point Blank: A Retrospective Review of Self-inflicted Gunshot Wounds to the Hand
Authors: Starr Brian W. , Dembinski Douglas R. , Yuan Frank , Lax Elizabeth A. , Yalamanchili Suma , Megee David M.
Published: June 2021

Background

A paucity of literature exists specifically examining self-inflicted (SI) gunshot wounds (GSWs) to the hand and wrist, which impart greater energy and have a higher risk of adverse events than non–self-inflicted (NSI) GSWs.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed records of patients who presented to our plastic surgery service after sustaining acute GSWs involving the hand and wrist between 2016 and 2018.

Results

We identified 60 patients who sustained GSWs involving the hand and wrist; 17 (28%) were SI, and 43 (72%) were NSI. Within the SI group, 100% of patients were Caucasian, with an average age of 54 years. Within the NSI cohort, 77% of patients were Black, 19% were Caucasian, and 4% identified as other. While not statistically significant, we noted a substantial increase in patients requiring operative intervention in the SI cohort (65% SI vs 37% NSI, P = .08). There was a statistically significant increase in patients requiring more than 1 operation in SI patients (24% SI vs 5% NSI, P = .04). Patients who sustained SI injuries were also more likely to present with acute carpal tunnel syndrome requiring urgent surgical release and to develop wound infections (12% vs 0%, P = .08).

Conclusions

Self-inflicted GSWs involving the hand and wrist are associated with greater morbidity than their low-energy NSI counterparts. Individuals presenting with SI GSWs are more likely to be older, to require multiple operations, to develop infections, and to present with acute carpal tunnel syndrome requiring urgent surgical decompression.
Confronting Agamben on the Pandemic: Biopolitics, Class Struggle and Surveillance Capitalism
Authors: Tewari Avantika
Published: June 2021

This paper evaluates Agamben’s observations on the COVID-19 crisis and its consequent crises that seek to revisit issues of the security state. Through this paper, I attempt to probe the contentious relationship between capitalism and human freedom, biological life and its politicisation thereof without taking recourse to the idiom of biopolitics. I seek to enumerate the ways in which Marxist postulates such as ‘class struggle’ and the ‘internal contradiction of capitalism’ are indispensable frames to think along while addressing the concerns of an anticipatory surveillance society by demonstrating the problems and limits of displacing immanent dialectics of antagonisms of class struggle with Agamben’s immanent sovereign logic of reproduction of biopolitics.
A directional ellipse to describe directional behavior and player activity area in soccer
Authors: Fernández-Peña Eneko , Castellano Julen , Amatori Stefano , Rocchi Marco BL , Sisti Davide
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to compare four standard deviational ellipse models to assess directional behavior and player activity area in four small-sided games (SSG) of soccer played on pitches with the same width (40 m) and different lengths (30, 40, 50, and 60 m). Fourteen participants played four 7-a-side SSGs on each of the four pitch sizes. Based on GPS data, four ellipse models were calculated for each outfield player and pitch size: major ranges (MR) measuring standard deviation in fixed length and width directions, linear regression assuming length (LR LvsW) or width (LR WvsL) as the independent variable, and principal component analysis (PCA) assuming both length and width as independent variables. Slope, area, semi-major and semi-minor axes, and eccentricity were calculated for each ellipse model. The PCA and LR LvsW models showed similar and valid results for each variable, especially for larger pitch sizes. LR WvsL showed unreliable results. The length axis should be considered as the independent axis when assessing the main direction of players’ movements and playing area through a standard deviational ellipse in soccer. This methodology could also be applied to evaluate a team’s labor distribution and spatial distribution of its players.
Brave new world: The challenges in transforming information technology services
Authors: Oshri Ilan , Jaffray Tim
Published: June 2021

The Chief Digital Officer for the University of Auckland, Stephen Whiteside, was deep in thought. It was mid-2014, and he contemplated the strategic significance of IT services to the organisation and the importance of its role in ‘determining the future’, as well as the gravity of decision making that would essentially pave the way to more effective and efficient support services. His office overlooked Albert Park, situated on the remains of Ranipuke, a volcanic cone in the centre of the city. The picturesque setting symbolised a 140-year-old, time-honoured sanctuary for Aucklanders. As he surveyed the manicured lawns and flower beds – with the elaborate fountain (1882) in view – he was struck by the serenity and permanence of the setting. For a moment, he considered maintaining the status quo within Information Technology Services. It had, after all, successfully delivered an organisational-wide service for decades. Albert Park had also been home to military barracks in the mid 1800s, where troops had been stationed for more than 20 years. Perhaps, a call to action would be better: to mobilise internal resources and embark on transformation. As he mulled over these alternatives, a third option came to mind: sourcing external support in this endeavour. He was still undecided as he gazed out of the window. He wondered which of these alternatives would deliver the best results and critically, which of them would stand the test of time.
Magnetic resonance imaging findings of endosalpingiosis: a case report
Authors: Fujii Shinya , Inoue Chie , Mukuda Naoko , Murakami Atsushi , Yamaji Daisuke , Yunaga Hiroto , Nosaka Kanae
Published: June 2021

Endosalpingiosis is characterized by the presence of glands lined by benign tubal-type epithelium outside the fallopian tube. It is usually an incidental finding and rarely occurs as a tumor-like mass lesion. Here, we describe the magnetic resonance imaging findings of endosalpingiosis that presented as a paraovarian multicystic lesion. It exhibited iso to low intensity on T1-weighted images and inhomogeneous high intensity on T2-weighted images. The septa presented relatively iso to slight high intensity on T2-weighted images and strong contrast enhancement on dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging. Endosalpingiosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of paraovarian multicystic lesions along the uterine serosa.
Analysis of English Idiomatic Learning Behaviors of an Audio-Visual Mobile Application
Authors: Wu Wen-Chi Vivian , Lin I-Ting Doris , Marek Michael W. , Ou Yang Fang-Chuan
Published: June 2021

Employment of idioms is essential to reach higher English expressive levels, especially for English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners. However, English idioms are challenging for both instructors and learners because the complex content of idioms depends on understanding their cultural context. Most mobile language applications are for vocabulary acquisition. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop an animation/video-based application, “My English Idiom Learning Assistant” (MEILA), to explore the different idiom learning behaviors, as well as the relationships of their learning behaviors to MEILA. To explore the relationship between the learning outcomes and the learning behaviors, the researcher used logs from the MEILA database. The participants consisted of 59 freshmen from two English conversation classes in one private university in central Taiwan. Students experienced the learning activities over 3 weeks. The researcher adopted idiomatic understanding pre- and posttests for the study as well as in-depth interviews. The results revealed that MEILA significantly enhanced idiomatic learning outcomes. The sequential analysis used provides language instructors an example of monitoring learning behaviors to improve teaching materials and methods. The findings may stimulate more mobile-assist language learning (MALL) researchers, English instructors, and app designers to create innovative mobile environments for English idiomatic learning.
Ethical Leadership and Knowledge Sharing: The Effects of Positive Reciprocity and Moral Efficacy
Authors: Su Xiaofeng , Lin Wenhe , Wu Jingjing , Zheng Qiuqin , Chen Xiaoxia , Jiang Xiaoli
Published: June 2021

Despite the pivotal function of knowledge sharing for enterprises in today’s highly competitive and ever-changing economic environment, the mechanism about how ethical leadership impacts employees’ knowledge sharing remains a largely unexplored domain in the literature. Drawing on the social exchange theory and social learning theory, this study examines how ethical leadership helps to encourage followers’ knowledge sharing behavior considering the dual-mediating effects of positive reciprocity and moral efficacy. A questionnaire-based survey is used to collect data in China. And structural equation modeling techniques are used to analyze the collected data in order to test the proposed hypothesis. Results show that ethical leadership has positive impact on followers’ knowledge sharing. It is also found that both positive reciprocity and moral efficacy play significant mediating effects, and they are equally important in accounting for the impact of ethical leadership on followers’ knowledge sharing. Based on the analysis results, this paper further discusses theoretical and practical implications.
Grand Challenges, Feminist Answers
Authors: Benschop Yvonne
Published: June 2021

Feminist organization theories develop knowledge about how organizations and processes of organizing shape and are shaped by gender, in intersection with race, class and other forms of social inequality. The politics of knowledge within management and organization studies tend to marginalize and silence feminist theorizing on organizations, and so the field misses out on the interdisciplinary, sophisticated conceptualizations and reflexive modes of situated knowledge production provided by feminist work. To highlight the contributions of feminist organization theories, I discuss the feminist answers to three of the grand challenges that contemporary organizations face: inequality, technology and climate change. These answers entail a systematic critique of dominant capitalist and patriarchal forms of organizing that perpetuate complex intersectional inequalities. Importantly, feminist theorizing goes beyond mere critique, offering alternative value systems and unorthodox approaches to organizational change, and providing the radically different ways of knowing that are necessary to tackle the grand challenges. The paper develops an aspirational ideal by sketching the contours of how we can organize for intersectional equality, develop emancipatory technologies and enact a feminist ethics of care for the human and the natural world.
Therapeutic management of acute type A aortic intramural hematoma
Authors: Yang Jue , Yu Changjiang , Li Xin , Kuang Juntao , Chen Zerui , Xiao Fei , Sun Tucheng , Fang Miaoxian , Fan Ruixin
Published: June 2021

Objectives

The proper therapeutic management for acute type A aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes following emergency surgery or conservative treatment for patients with this disease.

Methods

From January 2015 to December 2018, 124 consecutive patients were diagnosed with an acute type A aortic IMH and were included in this study. According to our surgical indications, they were divided into two groups: an operation group (OG) and a conservative treatment group (CG).

Results

Of 124 patients, 83 (66.9%) patients accepted emergency surgery and 41 (33.1%) patients accepted strict conservative treatment. There were no differences between these two groups in early mortality and complications. However, the late mortality of patients in the CG was significantly higher than for patients in the OG. A maximum aortic diameter in the ascending aorta and aortic arch ≥ 45 mm and maximum thickness of IMH in the same section ≥ 8 mm were risk factors for IMH related death in patients undergoing conservative treatment.

Conclusions

The mortality associated with emergency surgery for patients with acute type A aortic IMH was satisfactory. In clinical centers with well-established surgical techniques and postoperative management, emergency surgical treatment may provide a better outcome than medical treatment for patients with acute type A aortic IMH.