bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A universal model of consolidating the principles of law in codified normative legal acts (general theoretical study)
Authors: Ilyuhina Vera
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes the problem of consolidating the principles of law in codified Russian normative legal acts. The author comes to the conclusion about the variety of options for securing the principles of law in the texts of normative acts, the lack of structural and content uniformity in the consolidation of the principles of law. For this reason, unification is necessary in consolidating the principles of law. Unification should go in two main directions: 1) normative concretization of principles, manifesting in a uniform naming of chapters and articles using the word «principle» and 2) content concretization, manifested in the same type of disclosure of the content of principles and identity of the content of the same principles in different codified acts. The article proposes a universal model of consolidating the principles of law in codified normative legal acts.
General theory of applied analytics
Authors: Ponkin Igor
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to explaining the essence, nature and content of the general theory of applied analytics. The author substantiates the need to develop this theory. The article presents the author’s brief definition of the general theory of applied analytics. The article deals with the question of the thesaurus of this theory. The author offers some recommendations.
Audit activity of the beginning of the XIX century as a practical source of development of the legal views of Senator I. V. Lopukhin (1756—1816)
Authors: Lushin Aleksandr , Chudeckaya Kseniya
Published: July 2021

The article examines the influence of audit trips on the formation of the legal views of one of the prominent Russian lawyers of the turn of the XVIII—XIX centuries, Senator I. V. Lopukhin, regarding the principle of legality in the administration of justice.
Counteraction of corruption as one of the main directions of improving management in internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation
Authors: Markushin Anatoly , Morozov Oleg
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the issues of combating corruption from the point of view of the negative impact of this phenomenon on the management system in the internal Affairs bodies. The main periods of development of this type of offenses and measures for their prevention are given in the historical perspective. The text focuses on the measures of legal regulation taken by the country’s leadership to improve legislation in this area.
SHADOWING MAGIC: AN AMAZING LANGUAGE LEARNING TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING SPEAKING TO NON ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS
Authors: Amelia Mike
Published: July 2021

The objective of this study was to improve the speaking ability of non-English department students of Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang (UNSIKA)by using the shadowing technique. The method of this research was Classroom Action Research (CAR) that was conducted to the  PJKR (Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan dan Rekreasi) students at second grade of UNSIKA. The subject of the research consists of twenty-five students. The instruments are spoken test and observation guidelines. The research design applied in this study was a collaborative classroom action research consisting of 2 cycles covering 3 meetings for each cycle. The findings of this study showed the improvement of the students’ speaking ability from the first to the second cycle has improved highly. Where the mean score of vocabulary terms was 2 for the pre-cycle test become 3.28 for the second cycle post-test. Besides that, the mean score of grammar in the pre-cycle test was 1.84 increase 3.08 in the second cycle post-test. Same as the pronunciation term, the student's scores from the pre-cycle test to the second cycle test came up from  1.96  to  3.04.  Furthermore, for the students speaking accuracy and fluency, their score also increase from 1.44 became 2.92. This research was successful to improve the students speaking ability by using the shadowing technique.
SPEAKING ANXIETY LEVEL OF EFL STUDENTS AT TENTH GRADE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 2 LUBUK SIKAPING
Authors: Ariani Yola , Eliza Eliza , Dewi Merry Prima
Published: July 2021

This research has been done because the researcher found some problems in speaking at the tenth grade at SMAN 2 Lubuk Sikaping. The first problem was the students nervous when they were asked to speak up. The second problem was the students had lack of confidence. The third problem was the students had a felt panic when their teacher gave test. The last problem was the students felt afraid the teacher inform the score of the meeting. This study aimed to find out the speaking anxiety level at tenth grade SMAN 2 Lubuk Sikaping.The design of this research was a descriptive quantitative research.The population of this research were tenth grade students that consist of 134 students. The students were divided into four classes.The researcher took 25 % of the population by using random sampling technique to determine the sample because the population is more than one hundred students and there are 34 students of this research. To collect the data, researcher used questionnaire to find out speaking anxiety level of the students.The result researcher found the data there were 3 components of speaking anxiety. The consist of communication apprehension, test anxiety and fear of negative evaluation. It was found that 89 total score of the students had moderately low anxiety level in communication apprehension. Then 94 total score of the students had moderate anxiety level in test anxiety. The last result found that 88 total score of the students had moderately low anxiety level in fear of negative evaluation. In conclusion, the students speaking anxiety level at the tenth grade at SMAN 2 Lubuk Sikaping based on those three components above was 90 total score which mean the students anxiety level in speaking was in moderate level.
Economic losses caused by rodents in some types of maize fields at Farshout District, Qena Governorate, Egypt
Authors: Ahmed AA Elrawy  , Nashaat A Mahmoud  , Saudi AS Baghdadi  , Abd El-Aleem SS Desoky
Published: July 2021

This study was conducted to estimate the quantitative damage caused by rodent infestation to some types of maize and its financial transfer, at Al-Dahsa village in Farshout district, Qena Governorate, Egypt, during study period 2018/2019. The percentage of the quantitative and economic losses in maize varieties caused by rodents show that the highest value of loss was recorded in genotype single cross (HYTECH 2066) were about (3.91 and 3.00 Ardab/ feddan with a value of about (2737 and 2100 pounds), followed by the (Balady) type with about (3.90 and 2.34 Ardab/fed) with a value of about (2730 and 1638 pounds), followed by the single hybrid genotype (HYTECH 2055) about (3.26 and 2.57 Ardab/fed) with a value of about (2282 and 1799 pounds), while the moderate loss was recorded in crossbreeding Triple genetic (National seeds 11 "National seeds company") about (2.40 and 2.10 Ardab/fed) with a value of about (1608 and 1407 pounds), followed by the three-way genotype (National seeds 310) with about (2.30 and 1.84 Ardab/fed) with a value of about (1541 and 1233) pounds, while the lowest value was recorded in the individual genotype (National seeds 6) with about (1.30 and 1.04 Ardab/fed) with a value of about (871 and 697 pounds), followed by the individual hybrid genotype (National seeds 4), about (1.50 and 1.20 Ardab/fed) with a value of about (1005 and 804 pounds). The study indicates the interest in agricultural operations, taking preventive measures and implementing appropriate control programs for the maize varieties most infested with rodents.

Keywords: Rodent Infestation; Financial Transfer; Type of Maize; Ardab; Feddan
Evaluation of the effectiveness of promising preparations for foot baths in cattle necrobacteriosis
Authors:   Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Professor of the Department of Epizootology, Microbiology and Veterinary management, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K. I. Skryabin, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sidorchuk A. A. , Belkina Yu. S. ,   Senior Lecturer, Department of Epizotology, Microbiology and. Veterinary management, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K. I. Skryabin, Moscow, Russian Federation, Pchelnikov A. V. ,   Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Associate Professor, of Department of Epidemiology, Microbiology and Organization of Veterinary Affairs, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K. I. Skryabin, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

Comparative laboratory studies were carried out to assess the antibacterial activity of 2 variants of the drug Tiprodez on a water and peroxide basis against various microorganisms. Clinical trials were carried out comparing the therapeutic and prophylactic effects of Zinkosol and Tiprodez for lesions of the foot of cattle, and their preventive (77,4 and 63,2%, respectively) and therapeutic (40 and 41,7%, respectively) efficacy were established.
Encuentro regional sobre el plan piloto del Bachillerato
Authors: Autores Varios
Published: July 2021

El 4 de diciembre de 1999, en la ciudad de Sicuani, provincia de Canchis, se realizó el "Encuentro regional sobre el plan piloto de bachillerato", en cumplimiento del compromiso de acción asumido por la Mesa de Educación en la Semana Social del Sur Andino, que consiste en dar seguimiento crítico a la experiencia piloto del bachillerato. De acuerdo a lo programado, esta reunión tuvo el carácter de taller, en el que se realizó un trabajo de grupos con fichas preparadas para los padres y madres de familia, docentes, alumnos, alumnas e instituciones que participaron en el encuentro.
Cómo se educa para ser mujer y varón en las comunidades campesinas andinas quechuas
Authors: Flores Lizana Carlos
Published: July 2021

Partimos diciendo que se educa para ser mujer o ser varón porque entendemos que no se nace solamente varón o mujer, sino que las determinaciones biológicas necesitan, y de hecho así es, ser completadas vía infinidad de mecanismos socioculturales de todo tipo para llegar a ser varón o mujer dentro de una cultura determinada en tiempo y lugar. Otro presupuesto del que partimos es que las culturas siempre están en proceso de cambio y que hablar de las comunidades campesinas andinas, y en general de la cultural andina, es un término bastante amplio y de alguna manera genérico, ya que las comunidades están en proceso de cambio permanente y que, de acuerdo a los datos etnográficos que tengamos o escojamos, podemos decir si estos cambios son rápidos o lentos o son superficiales o de fondo.
Reforma del Estado, democracia y ciudadanía multiétnica
Authors: Cabedo Mallol Vicente José
Published: July 2021

La reforma de los Estados en América Latina responde a la dinámica de lo que se ha venido en denominar la "doble transición"; por un lado, hacia el neoliberalismo o, si se prefiere, hacia la economía globalizada, y, por otro, hacia la democracia. De este modo, como apunta Willem Assies, "mientras que por un lado las reformas constitucionales y del Estado responden a las exigencias y orientaciones de los mecanismos multilaterales, por otro lado no pueden dejar de tomar en cuenta ciertas expectativas de la población local generadas en el marco de los procesos de "transición democrática". Precisamente, en este marco de transición a la democracia los Estados reconocen la diversidad étnica y cultural presente en sus territorios.
Justicia intercomunal en las comunidades aimaras del sur andino
Authors: Peña Jumpa Antonio
Published: July 2021

En el procedimiento de resolución de los conflictos intercomunales, podemos apreciar la utilización de los mismos instrumentos de los procedimientos de resolución aplicados a los conflictos intracomunales en las comunidades de estudio. En esta actuación destaca particularmente la presencia del honor familiar y del ser colectivo como dos principios fundamentales que promueven el procedimienot de resolución.
Justicia intercomunal en las comunidades aimaras del sur andino
Authors: Peña Jumpa Antonio
Published: July 2021

En su acepción más simple, justicia es la marcha o materialización de la resolución de conflictos de un grupo social o comunidad determinada. De acuerdo con esta definición, las siguientes páginas quieren mostrar y reflexionar sobre cómo se resuelven un grupo de conflictos en una relación intercomunal o externa dentro de un grupo de comunidades aimaras del Sur Andino del Perú.
Presentación
Authors: Caram Padilla María José
Published: July 2021

América Latina sigue caminando una historia de dolor, de luchas, pero también de esperanzas. La miseria y la violenca son realidades que se suceden sin interrupción a lo largo de las décadas y, ¿por qué no decirlo?, de los siglos. Sin embargo, siempre, y a pesar de todo, hubo lugar para la poesía, el canto y la danza. Del mismo modo, nunca faltaron espacios en los que convergieran inteligencias y voluntades dispuestas a apostar por la vida, a pesar de todo.
Ética y justicia en el debate por los derechos humanos
Authors: Martínez Jorge , Gascón Margarita
Published: July 2021

La consideración de los derechos humanos en las décadas de los ochenta y noventa del siglo XX ha sido motivo de varias reuniones, de las cuales la realizada en Viena en 1993 constituye quizás uno de los hitos más importantes porque señaló un plan de acción firmado por los 171 países asistentes. Un año más tarde, Argentina elevó a jerarquía constitucional los tratados internacionales sobre los derechos humanos, al incorporarlos en la reforma de su Constitución. En este contexto, la década pasada estuvo caracterizada por debates sobre la justicia y la ética en el marco de una creciente necesidad por determinar la viabilidad de establecer tribunales internacionales que velen por la aplicación de la justicia en casos de delitos contra la humanidad.
Violencia aquí y allá
Authors: Kloekner Felipe
Published: July 2021

En toda la vida y en todos los lugares del planeta, la violencia produce heridas profundas en el ser actual, tanto como en el del pasado. También una lectura histórica de nuestra vida nos permite ver hasta qué punto este mundo resulta afectado: numerosas cicatrices quedan aún visibles en un cuerpo con heridas demasiado recientes. A veces no tenemos remedio frente a ella, a veces deja amputaciones visibles, otros mueren por su causa. Si la historia queda muy marcada por la violencia, el mundo actual parece torpe en resolver lo que llamamos en ocasiones "una desgracia".
El arte de los retablos ayacuchanos
Authors: Ulfe María Eugenia
Published: July 2021

Este artículo trata de cómo un objeto religioso se volvió popular (en el sentido de "arte popular" o folclor) y de cómo se convirtió en un vehículo de opinión y de una modernidad que es multiforme y por ello diversifica los temas a representar y sus significados. Comienzo narrando un evento que presencié en agosto del 2001.
Presentación
Authors: Romero Cevallos Catalina Eugenia
Published: July 2021

En este número completamos la entraga de las ponencias presentadas en el IX Congreso de ALER, celebrado en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, en el año 2002. Estudiar la religión en los Andes en la actualidad no puede dejar de lado el análisis de las religiones evangélicas que se extienden en los últimos años en las ciudades y con un ritmo más acelerado en las comunidades. A pesar de la creencia de que la religiosidad popular detendría el avance de otras religiones, por la fuerza de la creencia y la tradición, esto no ha sido así en muchas comunidades.
Protestantismo, indigenismo y mundo andino (1890-1930)
Authors: Fonseca Juan
Published: July 2021

Desarrollo del protestansimo y su relación con el mundo indígena en el Perú, cubriendo el periodo de 1890 a 1930.
Unos convertidos, ni decididamente críticos ni sólo espiritualistas
Authors: Motte Dominique
Published: July 2021

Análisis sobre la presencia de nuevos credos en el Perú a lo largo de la segunda mitad del siglo XX.
El pentecostalismo y la toma de tierras en Cerro de Pasco (1958-1967)
Authors: Julcarima Álvarez Gerson Francisco
Published: July 2021

Casi todo lo que a continuación expondré se funda esencialmente en la labor encomiable de Serafín Nieto Chamorro, personaje que se encargó en 1997 de registrar las biografías de los primeros líderes pentecostales de Cerro de Pasco. Los infortunios de mi vida me han impedido hasta la fecha conocerlo personalmente, pero igual lo aprecio, a pesar de que sólo conozca de él su obra denominada Historia del evangelio en la Quebrada de Chaupihuaranga (provincia de Daniel Alcides Carrión), departamento de Pasco.
La cultura escrita en el Perú
Authors: Gonzales Alvarado Osmar
Published: July 2021

La lectura, la escritura y, en general, la cultura escrita, es fundamental para alcanzar mejores niveles de desarrollo y bienestar, tanto colectivos como individuales.
Reciprocidad y economía de mercado en la comunidad campesina andina
Authors: Fioravanti Antoinette
Published: July 2021

El actual proceso de la Reforma Agraria Peruana acelera la influencia de la economía de mercado sobre las comunidades campesinas de los Andes. Cada vez más los campesinos se distinguen según su acceso a los medios de producción y su modo de vida: nuevas estructuras sociales están apareciendo mientras se esfuman las oposiciones tradicionales entre hacendado y campesino, "blanco" e "indio", hacienda y Comunidad. Los grupos tradicionales, definidos hasta hace poco por el parentesco, se van distribuyendo, ahora, en clases de riqueza desigual. Sin embargo siguen funcionando antiguas formas de producción e ideologías vinculadas a los modelos anteriores. No se trata de supervivencias sino más bien de una manera andina de integrarse al mercado sin abandonar del todo la reciprocidad tradicional, simple manifestación de la praxis del pueblo andino.
El abusivo y el humilde
Authors: Bolton Ralph
Published: July 2021

Agresividad y hostilidad ha sido la reputación adquirida por los Qollas a través de los años. Los antropólogos y otros estudiosos, tanto extranjeros como peruanos y bolivianos han enfatizado lo relievante de esta dimensión del carácter Qolla; y no hay duda que el conflicto interpersonal está significativamente presente en la vida de la comunidad. Sin embargo quisiéramos aprovechar ésta oportunidad para manifestar que rechazamos y deploramos el carácter sensacionalista y generalmente erróneo de las apreciaciones publicadas en ciertas revistas y periódicos sobre nuestros anteriores análisis del problema. Indicaremos dos reservas acerca de la agresividad Qolla.
Transformación Ritual y cambio socio-político. En una comunidad campesina andina
Authors: Guillet David W.
Published: July 2021

El sistema general de fiestas es uno de los mecanismos de integración más eficaces en la vida rural de los Andes (Martínez 1959, Mangin 1961). El término "sistema de fiestas" cubre una gran diversidad de actividades rituales incluyendo factores no religiosos de socialización, danzas y el intercambio ritual de comidas y bebidas, además de elementos religiosos tomados de las prácticas católicas, como la celebración de la misa, la procesión y algunos ritos individuales. De acuerdo a Dewey (1970) el sistema de fiestas puede clasificarse en dos tipos de actividades rituales: a) las de carácter individual centradas sobre la persona y que marcan las etapas importantes del ciclo vital: Nacimiento, primera comunión, matrimonio y muerte; y b) las que están centradas sobre el grupo, destinadas a resaltar y expresar la identidad de la comunidad.
Wideband optical frequency comb generation using a fiber re-circulating loop cascaded with a spectrum expander including highly nonlinear fiber
Authors: Wang F. , Kang W.
Published: July 2021

A wideband optical frequency comb (OFC) generator using a fiber re-circulating loop (FRL) including a phase modulator and optical amplifier, cascaded with a spectrum expander containing a high-power erbium-doped fiber amplifier and highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated, in which the FRL is used as a source to generate seed comb lines, and then generated seed comb lines are extended to a wideband optical frequency comb using cascaded four-wave mixing in the HNLF. Only using one stage spectrum expander, a stable 20-GHz optical comb with 201 comb lines within 30-dB power deviation, spanning 40-nm bandwidth, is achieved. The results show that the HNLF has unique ability to broaden output spectrum from the FRL. In addition, an optical frequency comb is dramatically broadened, which may be predicted by optimizing gain and dispersion of the FRL or configuration of the spectrum expander, or both.
Light waves scattering from an anisotropic semi-soft boundary medium with spectral dependence
Authors: Zhiru Huang  , Qihang Dai  , Xiaoling Ji  , Tao Wang
Published: July 2021

The far-zone behavior of polychromatic light waves on scattering from an anisotrophic semi-soft boundary medium with spectral dependence was considered, and the spectral density and the spectral degree of coherence of the far-zone scattered field were investigated. It is shown that the distributions of the spectral density and the spectral degree of coherence of scattered field are closely related with the rms width, the center wavelength, and the maximum value of the center wavelength of the scattering potential of the scattering medium.
ASIC Implementation of DMA Controller
Authors: Agarwal Aman , Anil Arjun J , Nair Rahul , Sivasankaran K.
Published: July 2021

Direct Memory Access is a method of transferring data between peripherals and memory without using the CPU. It is designed to improve system performance by allowing external devices to directly transfer information from the system memory. We generally use asynchronous type of DMA as they respond directly to input. The DMA controller issues signals to the peripheral device and main memory to execute read and write commands. In this paper DMA controller was designed using Verilog HDL and simulated in Cadence NC Launch. The design was synthesized using low power constraints. Through this design we have decreased the power consumption to 69%.
Spectrum Sensing of Cognitive Radio – A Survey
Authors: Timothy R. Joash Paul , Clement J. Christopher
Published: July 2021

Cognitive radio is emerging as one of the most promising aspects regarding the efficient usage of the radio spectrum and also on a non-interference basis. However the most challenging part is the effective detection of primary users (PUs). Nowadays there are a lot of threats from attackers who use techniques like data falsification, primary user emulations to cause harm to the users, so we need to address them with proper and efficient solutions. So in this survey we address the various threats and the challenges faced in cognitive radio environments and also we are here to discuss the various sampling techniques that could be used for the purpose of proper detection.
Modification of Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Veselago Media
Authors: Shukla Sanjay , Ojha Shailendra
Published: July 2021

This research article is a result of a keen literature review. Author gone through various techniques to modify the patch antenna parameters and found implementing veselago media is best among other techniques. In this research paper a MPA was designed on the operating frequency of 2.4 GHz and after that veselago media was implemented to modify its result and found a marvelous change in the simulated result of the MPA. Previously return loss, bandwidth, directivity was found -11dB, 39MHz and 5.698dBi respectively. After implementing the veselago media result achieved are -30dB, 55.5MHz and 6.645dBi respectively.
Optimized System Level Hardware Realization of Built-in-Self-Test Approach for Sigma-Delta Analog-to-Digital Converter
Authors: Sahu Anil Kumar , Chandra Vivek Kumar , Sinha G R
Published: July 2021

System-level modeling is generally needed due to simultaneous increase in design complexity with multi-million gate designs in today’s system-on-chips (SoCs). System C is generally applied to system-level modeling of Sigma-Delta ADC. CORDIC technique and test generation for the testing of mixed signal circuit components such as analog-to-digital converter is mostly implemented in system level modeling. This work focuses on developing fast and yet accurate model of BIST approach for Sigma-Delta ADC. The Sigma-Delta modulator’s ADC static parameters as well as dynamic parameters are degraded. One of the dynamic parameters, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is directly obtained by the SIMSIDES (MATLAB SIMULINK tool). Then, the obtained parameters are tested by using Built-in-self-test that is desirable for the VLSI system in order to reduce the non-recurring cost (NRE) per chip by the manufacturer. This paper demonstrates a possibility to realize a simulation of testing strategy of high-resolution Sigma-Delta modulator using MATLAB SIMULINK and Xilinx EDA tool environment. This work also contributes towards the Output Response Analyzer (ORA) being used for testing parameters which help in reducing the difficulties in design of the complete ORA circuit. Moreover, the reusable features of hardware in the computation of different parameters are also improved in the ORA design.
Design of a Hybrid Optical amplifier for 64 DWDM Channels network by using EDFA and Raman Amplifier
Authors: Mallick Bandana , Prasad Bibhu , Patra Dr. Krishna Chandra
Published: July 2021

In this paper a hybrid amplifier EDFA-RAMAN DWDM transmission system is proposed and demonstrated. A new hybrid two-stage optical fiber amplifier for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) network is observed. The hybrid amplifier is cascaded erbium- doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) & Raman amplifier which provide a nearly flat gain over 80 nm. The hybrid amplifier has been modeled using an Optic-System version 14 on a DWDM transmission. In this paper we compare Q-factor at different input power i.e. at 0db and at 10 db. Here two different types of apodized function (Uniform & Gaussian) are selected as fiber Bragg grating parameters and system performance is analyzed. Performance of the system is analyzed by using BER analyzer.
A Robust Image Mosaicing Technique Using Frequency Domain
Authors: Kaur Sarabpreet , Patel Jyoti
Published: July 2021

Image mosaicing is the process of joining small images of the same scene which may be clicked at different times, with different cameras, or illumination variation and produce the image with bigger field of view. The leading contribution of the paper lies in the primary detection of features using SURF which completely works in the spatial domain. For image registration frequency based approach has been used. The proposed approach is global, has robustness to noise and is computationally efficient.
The Effect of COVID-19 to Credit Risk and Capital Risk of State-Owned Bank in Indonesia: A System Dynamics Model
Authors: Hidayat Taufiq , Masyita Dian , Nidar Sulaeman Rahman , Febrian Erie , Ahmad Fauzan
Published: July 2021

The global COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected people, especially in the economic and banking sectors. The Indonesian Financial Services Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, OJK) issued a credit restructuring policy, effective from March 2020 to March 2022, to reduce credit and bank capital risk. This study proposes the bank risk scenario after the credit restructuring policy of the OJK moratorium in March 2022 and proposes the internal bank policy simulation to mitigate credit and capital risks in terms of Non-Performing Loan (NPL) and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR). The difficulty of this study is how to develop the risk scenario and to simulate the bank risk mitigation policy after the policy moratorium, while the COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing and the economy is not yet normal. To that purpose, this study uses a system dynamics methodology with Powersim Studio 10© software that is able to make scenarios on the level of credit risk (NPL) and bank capital (CAR) and able to simulate internal bank policy to overcome the risk by considering the environmental and policy changes. Based on the policy simulation, it is recommended that bank can implement the restructuring policy to control the credit risk and strengthening the NPL monitoring activity in order to manage and decrease the loan impairment expenses. To increase CAR, the result shows that the combined policy consists of the NPL monitoring program, the interest rate and the operating cost management program is able to produce a significant increase in bank’s capital (CAR). The original contribution of this study is to provide new model of credit and capital risk scenario and risk mitigation simulation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The advantage of this study is that the model can be tested and implemented to other banks.
Student Perception of Learning English Online
Authors: Pécsi Kinga Tünde
Published: July 2021

The aim of this research was to highlight the impact of online education on teaching and learning English as a foreign language among students aged 12-19, and to research the importance of learner autonomy and motivation in the online teaching – learning process. In order to collect data from the 81 subjects, members of five different classes and age groups, a questionnaire created in Google Forms was used. The questionnaire was designed to provide information about the students’ attitude and motivation for studying English in an online context, autonomy and effort invested in the learning process. Student progress was measured using the end of semester grades of the first semester of the 2019/2020 year compared to those of the first 2020/2021 semester. Results reveal the importance of perceived choice as a factor that supports learner autonomy and learner motivation. The limitations of the study are due to the fact that the students’ level of English and their previous knowledge of the subjects studied online had not been tested beforehand as the current pandemic situation was not foreseeable.
Using Technology for Foreign Language Learning: The Teacher’s Role
Authors: Nagy Tünde
Published: July 2021

The spread of information technology has changed the role of language teachers considerably. Being a good educator and an expert in their field are not enough anymore, but teachers are expected to be modern, which means, to possess the ability to design interactive classes (often by using digital tools) and use teaching methods that engage students in a creative way. Today it is a general requirement for teachers to know their way around technology and to possess the know-how of implementing it in a way that fosters language learning. To this purpose teachers need to take into account all facets of technology use, including the advantages and disadvantages of technology-mediated tasks, their usefulness for language learning (e.g. if they are related to the topic of the lesson, are challenging enough for students), helpful resources for students, etc. Technology is regarded as a supplementary instrument to traditional teaching methods that can impact students’ motivation to learn in a positive way, provided it is used for activities that are in line with their needs and expectations. Task-based activities are considered to be especially useful in this regard, allowing students to practice their language skills in an authentic context and also develop creative thinking and problem solving abilities. Web 2.0 technologies (e.g. software programs for creating quizzes and polls, language learning websites, chat programs, wikis, etc.) offer a variety of valuable resources both for activities in the classroom and for practice at home.
The Effects of Family Background on the Processes of Foreign Language Learning in Hungary
Authors: Szabo Fruzsina , Albert Ágnes , Csizér Kata
Published: July 2021

In Hungary, the academic achievement of schoolchildren is very strongly influenced by their family background, a statement often quoted in connection with PISA surveys (Róbert, 2004). Although the effects of family background have mostly been studied in connection with key competences, it is easy to see that they are also likely to influence foreign language learning, possibly to an even greater extent (Csapó, 2001). The aim of our paper is to provide an overview of theoretical and empirical findings related to the family background of Hungarian schoolchildren on different aspects of language learning: language choice, individual differences and success in language learning. We hope to provide a meta-analysis of empirical studies and their results, however it needs to be noted that their number is relatively scarce. We would also like to inspire future studies exploring similar, under-researched topics. Research into the effects of family background is imperative, as it appears to play a pivotal role in ensuring equal opportunities in language education.
Self-Study: Tensions and Growth in Graduate Teaching Assistant Development
Authors: Wu Ching-Hsuan
Published: July 2021

Graduate Teaching Assistant (GTA) development is an important undertaking for many higher education institutions in the United States. During the GTA preparation process, tensions can arise when the supervisor challenges GTAs by engaging in critical reflection and pushing them to advance their pedagogical skills beyond their comfort zone. Guided by Berry’s (2008) framework of tensions, this self-study aimed to answer the research question: How do tensions that arise during GTA development contribute to the professional growth of teacher educators and GTAs in their teaching? Self-study was the research method, and the data were analyzed using the strategy of inductive analysis and creative synthesis (Patten, 2002). This self-study reports five types of tensions: telling and growth; confidence and uncertainty; safety and challenge; valuing and reconstructing experience; and planning and being responsive. The findings explain how these tensions pushed the supervisor and the GTA to reflect on teacher preparation, manage challenges, and improve teaching. While tensions place teacher educators and novice teachers in uncomfortable positions, this study shows that reflections on and articulation of tensions in collaborative dialogues can help both discover aspects of their teaching that provide opportunities for growth and lead both to transform tensions into teachable moments.
Elektromobilität und Geräuschmesstechnik
Authors: Wagner Udo
Published: July 2021

Elektromobilität verändert die Welt der Akustik. Die Entwicklung einer neuen Fahrzeuggeneration geht einher mit immensen Fortschritten in der Technik der Prüfstandsysteme und in der Welt der Messtechnik. Die Physik bleibt konstant, aber das Thema verändert Methoden und Ausstattung. Für das NVH-Engineering gibt es neue digitale Sensoren für Schall und Vibration. Digitale Ausgabeformate nähern sich der Bus- und Netzwerkstruktur im und um das Elektrofahrzeug an.
Russian Orientalists On Public Education In The City Of Chimbay
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department Of “History Of Uzbekistan And Karakalpakstan”, Karakalpak State University, Uzbekistan, A.R. Kudiyarov
Published: July 2021

The article examines the development of public education in the city of Chimbay - in the northern administrative center of Karakalpakstan. In particular, statistics are provided on the number of mosques and madrasahs, as well as the number of students.
Large skeletal chromites in the Vourinos ophiolite, Greece
Authors: Christiansen F. G. , Olesen N. Ø.
Published: July 2021

Exceptionally large skeletal chromites, up to several cm across, from harzburgite veins in the Vourinos ophiolite, Greece have been described in detail using microstructural and fabric methods of silicate minerals combined with S. E. M. studies of chromite. Inferred from olivine fabric data, the harzburgite veins with the skeletal chromites have suffered only minor deformation (both in the ductile and brittle regime) compared to the highly deformed dunite host rock. The S. E. M. observations (electron channeling patterns) demonstrate (1) the large grain size of the chromite and (2) that the numerous grain facets are dominated by {111} lattice orientations. Furthermore the chromite displays local plastic deformation and it is highly fractured and typically displays tilts/rotations -1 ° of the lattice across the fractures.
The harzburgite veins formed during a late-tectonic stage of mantle flow. A metamorphic segregation model, where the skeletal growth of chromite was caused by super-saturation of Cr during diffusion, is the most likely mode of formation.
Tectonostratigraphic terranes within Archaean gneiss complexes: examples from Western Australia and southern West Greenland
Authors: Nutman Allen P.
Published: July 2021

New field work and isotopic data show that the Godthabsfjord region of West Greenland consists of a collage of tectonostratigraphic terranes, which evolved separately prior to tectonic juxtaposition in the late Archaean. In Western Australia the Narryer Gneiss Complex, which lies on the northwestern margin of the Yilgarn Craton, is, unlike the Godthabsfjord region, very poorly exposed (less than 1 % ). In consequence it is impossible to follow geological boundaries in this complex, and instead the complex has been studied by a very extensive use of within-grain zircon U-Pb geochronology on the ion microprobe SHRIMP. The zircon geochronology suggests that the Narryer Gneiss Complex also consists of several discrete terranes of early to mid Archaean gneisses. In both the Godthabsfjord region and the Narryer Gneiss Complex, late Archaean juxtaposition of terranes was accompanied by intrusion of crustally­derived granites, deformation, and amphibolite facies metamorphism. Thus some Archaean high grade gneiss complexes consist of terranes that underwent independent evolution until they were brought together at a later time. In this respect their anatomy resembles post-Archaean orogenic belts that formed as a consequence of plate tectonic processes.
Experimental melting of hydrous low-K tholeiite: evidence on. the origin of Archaean era tons
Authors: Winther K. Tobias , Newton R.C.
Published: July 2021

Experimental melting studies were performed on a natural high-Al basalt and a synthetic average Archaean tholeiite (AAT) composition (0.3 wt.% K20) with variable amounts of H20. Microprobe analyses of quenched melts (glass) from runs at 5-30 kbar and 750°-l100°C showed that typical Archaean tonalitic and trondhjemitic "grey gneiss" compositions were produced from the average Archaean tholei-ite over the entire experimental range, with 15% to less than 1 % H20. The high-Al basalt produced liquids too high in Al203 (18--23%) for realistic grey gneiss compositions. The persistent generation in our experiments of low-K calc-alkaline magmas directly by vapor-undersaturated partial melting of low-K Archaean tholeiite strongly suggests this mechanism for the origin of early continents.
Temperatures of 850°-l000°C and pressures around 15 kbar are appropriate melting conditions. Ton­alitic magmas are favored by higher temperatures, lower pressures, and higher H20 contents in the source. Trondhjemitic magmas are favored by lower temperatures, higher pressures, and lower H20 contents. Heavy REE depletion of magmas would be possible for partial melting above 15 kbar because of the stability at higher pressures of residual garnet. Unfractionated REE patterns of magmas could result from melting at lower pressures, where garnet does not coexist with liquid. The low-K trends of melts are maintained by very refractory amphibole (up to 0.7 wt. % KzO) which coexists with liquid for bulk H20 contents of 2 wt. % or more. Shallow subduction-zone melting of amphibolite with magma extraction, and partial melting of amphibolite under deep-crustal metamorphic conditions are models for early crustal evolution which appear to satisfy the experimental constraints.
Rediscovery of the Lohmander’s collection of Diplopoda from Ukraine
Authors: Martynov Alexander V. , Petrenko Nina A. , Korzhova Tetiana O. , Balashov Igor A.
Published: July 2021

The collection of diplopods identified by H. Lohmander during his visit to Kyiv in 1927 was considered to be lost, but it is rediscovered now in the Zoological Department of the National Museum of Natural History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv). It includes syntypes of two species and two subspecies that were described from Kyiv and its vicinities and are still valid with one former subspecies currently recognized in species status: Brachyiulus jawlowskii Lohmander, 1928, Leptoiulus semenkevitschi Lohmander, 1928, Megaphyllum kievense (Lohmander, 1928) and Polydesmus montanus ukrainicus Lohmander, 1928. Findings of L. semenkevitschi and P. m. ukrainicus are especially valuable, because there are no other specimens in known collections and both taxa are officially protected in Ukraine by its Red Book. Catalogue of syntypes is provided with high quality photos. The list of 31 millipedes species from Kyiv and its vicinities in the Lohmander’s collection provided with his identifications and notes on current taxonomical status is given.
DIGITAL HEALTH PASSPORT: ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES
Authors: Шутова А.А.
Published: July 2021

Введение: автор анализирует явление иммунной паспортизации населения с точки зрения его возможности, правовой обоснованности, защищенности, необходимости и безопасности. В статье представлен всесторонний обзор продолжающейся дискуссии относительно внедрения системы иммунных паспортов, а также приведены аргументы, касающиеся этической и правовой сторон, включающие рас- смотрение таких вопросов, как справедливость и дискриминация, а также влияние паспортов вакцинации на неприкосновенность частной жизни и свободу передвижения. На основе этого междисциплинарного анализа приведена оценка преимуществ и рисков (технических, организационных, правовых) паспортов вакцинации.
Материалы и методы: материалом исследования послужили действующие нормативные правовые акты. Использовались познавательные процедуры системного анализа, комплексного подхода к рассма- триваемой проблеме, формально-логические методы (анализ, синтез).
Обзор литературы: проблема введения системы цифровых паспортов здоровья является новой, не- достаточно проработанной в отечественной доктрине темой. Зарубежные авторы уделяют внимание та- ким правовым вопросам, как проблемы справедливости и дискриминации, которые могут возникнуть в связи с реализацией подобных нововведений.
Результаты исследования: в результате проведенного исследования автор считает маловероятным, что прививочные паспорта станут неотъемлемой частью стратегии борьбы с новой коронавирусной инфекцией (COVID-19). Внедрение подобной системы на законодательном уровне сформирует ряд социально-правовых вопросов, которые необходимо решать комплексно уже сейчас.
Обсуждение и заключения: автор статьи приходит к выводу, что внедрение и последующее применение иммунных паспортов может привести к нарушению основополагающих конституционных принципов, на которых базируется вся правовая система государств, к появлению новой формы дискриминации, а также росту социальной напряженности. Люди могут прибегнуть к получению документов незаконными способами, что также создаст риски для здоровья окружающих. Помимо этого, сертификация иммунитета к новой коронавирусной инфекции может включать и другую персональную информацию, включая данные о психическом здоровье и генетических тестах, а указание подобных сведений откроет путь к злоупотреблениям со стороны страховых компаний, работодателей и других граждан.
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL FEATURES OF IMPLEMENTATION OF GENERAL CONDITIONS OF PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Богаткина Р.Ш.
Published: July 2021

Введение: в статье проводится комплексный анализ закономерностей и особенностей реализации общих условий предварительного расследования в ходе практической деятельности сотрудников следственных и иных подразделений органов внутренних дел.
Материалы и методы: основой для написания статьи явились действующие нормативные правовые акты в области уголовного судопроизводства Российской Федерации, анализ мнений ученых-процессуалистов по рассматриваемой тематике. В качестве методологической основы данного исследования выступили положения диалектического метода об объективных закономерностях развития, взаимосвязи и взаимообусловленности явлений и объектов познания, сравнительно-правовой и формально-логический методы познания объективной реальности.
Результаты исследования: в статье выявлены основные проблемы, возникающие при реализации общих условий предварительного расследования, предложены меры по совершенствованию деятель- ности органов внутренних дел и рекомендации по изменению и дополнению действующего уголовно-процессуального законодательства РФ.
Обсуждение и заключения: на основании проведенного исследования представлено авторское определение института общих условий предварительного расследования, проведен сравнительно-правовой анализ законодательства в данной сфере, предложены рекомендации по изменению действующего уголовно-процессуального законодательства (предложены рекомендации по изменению и дополнению ч. 1 ст. 156 Уголовно-процессуального кодекса Российской Федерации, п. 8 ст. 151 Уголовно-процессуального кодекса Российской Федерации); сформулированы меры по оптимизации организации работы подразделений дознания территориальных органов МВД России в рамках обеспечения международного сотрудничества.
SITUATIONAL STRUCTURE OF LEGISLATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE SECTORAL PRINCIPLE OF ITS SYSTEMATIZATION
Authors: Бредихин А.Л. , Удальцов А.А.
Published: July 2021

Введение: в статье авторы обращаются к проблеме систематизации законодательства России, которое имеет сложную и противоречивую структуру. Авторы отмечают, что современная информатизация позволяет реализовать новые подходы к систематизации законодательства и сделать его более эффективным. В качестве возможного авторами предлагается ситуационный подход.
Материалы и методы: материальной основой настоящего исследования явились научно-теоретические труды, посвященные проблемам систематизации законодательства и правоприменения. Особое внимание уделяется теоретической модели «ситуационного права», идею которого авторы предлагают применить к проблеме систематизации. Методическую основу исследования составил формально-правовой метод с использованием общенаучных методов анализа, синтеза, индукции и дедукции.
Результаты исследования: современная система законодательства структурируется по отраслям, а также выступает в виде иерархической системы нормативных актов. Однако правоприменитель чаще всего не ориентируется на нее, так как поиск конкретных норм права осуществляется с использованием справочно-правовых систем или других подобных ресурсов, где реализован, в том числе, ситуационный подход для формирования правовых актов и отдельных статей по заранее заданной ситуации (проблеме).
Обсуждение и заключения: на основании проведенного исследования авторы аргументируют возможность построения законодательства на основании распределения норм законодательства по направлениям государственной деятельности, а затем дробления их на элементы более низкого уровня вплоть до конкретных правовых ситуаций.