bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Digital Health Tools in Improving Contraceptive Use Among Reproductive Age Women
Authors: Opatunji Florence Omowunmi , Sowunmi Christiana Olanrewaju
Published: April 2024

This article offers a thorough examination of the connection between contraceptive techniques and digital health technologies, clarifying their crucial roles in family planning and reproductive health. The introductory portion explores various contraceptive techniques, highlighting the significance of personalised decisions that take into account individual circumstances. The article explores a wide range of contraceptive alternatives, including barrier methods like condoms and modern Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC) therapies. It acknowledges the impact of these options on making educated decisions about contraception. The article then transitions to the realm of "Digital Health," exploring the progression of telemedicine and its incorporation of artificial intelligence. The investigation spans several avenues via which digital health technologies are transforming the provision of healthcare, namely in the domain of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). The next sections analyse Digital Health Tools (DHTs) and its many manifestations, such as mobile apps, wearable devices, and internet platforms. These instruments are portrayed as catalysts for empowerment, offering knowledge, resources, and assistance pertaining to contraception. The article examines the advantages of digital health technology in improving understanding and compliance with contraceptives, while also analysing possible disadvantages such as difficulties in connecting different systems, fairness issues, and hazards to the privacy of data.
Assessment of Belief, Family size and utilization of insecticide treated nets among pregnant women in Southern Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Anam Blessing B. , OBO Ekpenyonanwan Ayi , Takon Mary Bondick , Unoh Christiana Eba
Published: April 2024

The study Assess utilization of insecticide treated net among pregnant women in Southern Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria. For the purpose of this study to be achieved, two research questions were posed and converted into two null hypotheses, which were tested at 0.05 level of significance. There was a detailed review of related literature on the variables of the study. Survey research design was employed in the study. Accidental sampling technique was adopted in selecting the health facilities used for the study while the systematic random sampling technique was adopted in selecting the seven hundred and forty-one respondents used for the study. A structured questionnaire was the instrument utilized for data collection. The instrument was subjected to validity by relevant experts. Cronbach alpha method was employed to establish the reliability of the research instrument. To test the various hypotheses that were formulated for the study, Pearson product moment correlation statistics were utilized for analysis of data. The result obtained from data analysis and hypotheses testing in the study revealed that; There was no significant relationship between belief and utilization of insecticide treated nets among pregnant women. The implication of this finding is that pregnant women in the study area believe in the efficacy of insecticide treated nets, which is influencing the utilization positively. Family size significantly influences utilization of insecticide treated nets among pregnant women. The implication of this finding is that pregnant women with large families will continue to experience low utilization of insecticide treated nets except their economic status improve while pregnant women from small family sizes utilize insecticide treated nets... It was further recommended that relevant government agencies should ensure that pregnant women from low income groups be assisted to own insecticide treated net(s) in order to enable them utilize such nets as a means of preventing malaria.
Análisis del Derecho Constitucional a una Vida Libre de Violencia y su Vigencia dentro del Estado de Excepción Decretado por la Pandemia. Estudio aplicado en el Cantón Machala
Authors: Segarra Serrano Gerardo David , Arias Montero Vicente Hermógenes
Published: April 2024

La presente investigación tiene como objeto central de estudio, el derecho a una vida libre de violencia. El objetivo principal del trabajo buscó determinar en qué medida se afectó al derecho a una vida libre de violencia de las familias de la ciudad de Machala, durante el confinamiento decretado en el estado de excepción por la pandemia del coronavirus. Una vida libre de violencia constituye el derecho de las personas a no ser víctimas de cualquiera de las formas de violencia apreciadas históricamente, tanto en el ambiente familiar como en los diferentes espacios sociales. En el confinamiento imperativo que se desarrolló en Ecuador, durante los meses de marzo, abril y mayo del año 2020 a causa de la pandemia de COVID-19, se apreció un fenómeno muy alarmante que tuvo que ver con el aumento de los índices e indicadores de violencia sobre todo intrafamiliar; algo casi generalizado, siendo la ciudad de Machala un claro ejemplo de ese fenómeno. De esta manera, la presente investigación tiene relevancia jurídico social, puesto que permitirá exponer una realidad que siempre ha sido objeto de preocupación para las personas y por lo mismo para el Estado, desarrollando estrategias, campañas y programas de erradicación de violencia que parece siguen siendo infructuosas.
Aprendizaje Inconcluso: los Desafíos de las Clases a Distancia Durante el Covid-19
Authors: Broca Olán Fernanda , Morales Vázquez Eleazar , Arias de la Cruz Andrés
Published: April 2024

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo identificar cuáles son los desafíos que trae consigo el uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación en el contexto educativo de las clases a distancia durante el COVID-19 con la intención en un primer momento de analizar el impacto que ha tenido este confinamiento en el aprendizaje de los alumnos y, con la intención de identificar qué dificultades ocasionaron que el aprendizaje se volviera inconcluso. Para lograr el objetivo, se utiliza un diseño experimental cuantitativo a través de un cuestionario que a partir de la recolección de la información, con base en los resultados se puede deducir, que los principales retos a los que se enfrentan los docentes son los contextos desfavorecidos que presentan los educadores en cuestión al acceso a una educación a distancia, fueron muchos los errores cometidos y, por tanto, demasiadas las percepciones negativas por parte de muchos estudiantes, familias y docentes, por lo tanto el uso de tecnología no fue del todo suficiente para llevar los aprendizajes al estudiantado. Es imperativo intentar transitar de una enseñanza remota de emergencia a una educación a distancia más inclusiva, ya que la modalidad de educación a distancia, fundamentalmente en soporte digital, vino a ofrecer soluciones de emergencia a dicha crisis.
Aplicación de la Estadística Descriptiva al Estudio de Caso: la Prevención del Riesgo Laboral (PRL) en las Empresas de la Ciudad de México y Periferia Después de la Pandemia por Covid-19
Authors: Jiménez Cabrera Roberto
Published: April 2024

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre  la Prevención del Riesgo Laboral (PRL) en las empresas de la Ciudad de México después de la pandemia por Covid-19, por ello se llevó a cabo un estudio de caso para mostrar la relevancia de emprender medidas sanitarias relacionadas con  PRL después de la pandemia, para tal fin se empleó un enfoque cualitativo llevando a cabo una encuesta a 265 trabajadores para describir la percepción que tienen de las medidas de PRL que se han implementado en sus lugares de empleo. De la encuesta se seleccionaron cinco preguntas relevantes y se sometieron a un estudio estadístico a través de tablas de contingencia donde se aplicaron pruebas de significancia de distribución no simétrica ji-cuadrada para ver la independencia entre el tamaño de las empresas y dicha percepción de las medidas de PRL concluyendo que se requiere de una investigación más específica y con más observaciones para cada percepción. Se destaca la importancia de fomentar la PRL entre todos individuos que están inmersos en las actividades empresariales de las organizaciones productivas. En este proceso se contó con la colaboración de alumnos de la Universidad Rosario Castellanos (URC) de las unidades académicas Herrerías y Casa de Cultura ambas en la alcaldía de Milpa Alta; los cuales están cursando el primero, tercero y quinto semestre de la licenciatura en Contabilidad y Finanzas (LCFI) su inclusión tiene la finalidad de generar en los estudiantes un aprendizaje basado en proyectos significativos y este estudio de caso contribuyó a ello.
Divertículo de Grenet en paciente masculino de 58 años. Reporte de Caso
Authors: Morejón Brazales Josselyn Lizeth , Zumba Nagua Ana Magaly , Ocampo Bastidas Anabelle del Carmen , García Romero María Daniela , Pucha Landacay Alfredo Daniel
Published: April 2024

Los divertículos esofágicos epifrénicos o Grenet son divertículos pulsátiles en los que la mucosa y la submucosa pasan a través de la capa muscular y, por definición, se encuentran dentro de los 10 cm de la unión entre el alimento y el estómago. La mayoría de los pacientes son asintomáticos, pero su importancia es la posibilidad de complicaciones graves, como fístulas traqueales, hemorragias, parálisis de las cuerdas vocales, retención de cuerpos extraños y un mayor riesgo de cáncer. Es una evitación de las capas mucosa y submucosa del esófago que suele afectar al tercer segmento distal del esófago. Estas lesiones se consideran características porque entre el 70 % y el 90 % de los casos se acompañan de trastornos de la dismotilidad esofágica. Se reporta un paciente masculino de 58 años quien refiere epigastralgias y acidez, motivo por el cual acude a esta casa de salud y se realiza endoscopia que evidencia divertículo Grenet.
Control de Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum Mediante Tratamiento Químico, Biológico y con Organismo Macrobiótico en el Cultivo de Alcachofa Cynara Scolymus L
Authors: Torres Donayre Stella Maris , Mattos Calderón Luz Leonor
Published: April 2024

En el presente trabajo se evaluó el efecto de tres tratamientos: químico, biológico y organismo macrobiótico para el control de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum en alcachofa (Cynara Scolymus L.). Se realizó un ensayo bajo condiciones de invernadero y laboratorio en la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. El análisis estadístico utilizado para el control químico, biológico y macrobiótico de Sclerotinia en el suelo fue la prueba de Kruskall Wallis con 4 repeticiones por tratamiento, y se realizó la prueba de Chi cuadrado para comparación de medias (p= 0.05).El análisis estadístico utilizado para el control químico, biológico y macrobiótico a nivel de plántula de alcachofa fue el Diseño Completamente Aleatorizado (DCA) con 5 repeticiones por tratamiento  y se realizó la prueba de comparación de medias de Duncan (p=0,05) para todas las variables  biométricas evaluadas en el invernadero.En la fase de control de esclerotes en el suelo, el control químico mediante Boscalid inhibió el 100% de la germinación de esclerotes a 750 gr/ha. y 1000gr/ha; en el control biológico, Trichoderma  harzianum a dosis de 600gr/ha presentó un 21% de esclerotes germinados; en el control  macrobiótico, con 50 lombrices de tierra, se obtuvo un 44% de esclerotes germinados. En la fase de control a nivel de plántula, en el control químico Boscalid a la dosis de 750gr/ha, y 1000gr/ha hubo 0,0% de plantas infectadas; para el control biológico, Trichoderma harzianum a 700gr/ha se obtuvo 0,0% de plantas infectadas y en el caso del control macrobiótico con 50 lombrices de tierra hubo 20% de plantas infectadas. El tratamiento testigo presentó un 100% de plantas infectadas. Las variables biométricas evaluadas en los tratamientos químico, biológico y macrobiótico superaron el promedio alcanzado por el testigo.
Menteşâ Emîrliği’nin İbtidâsı ve Menteşâ İmlası
Authors: Keçiş Murat , Baykara Refik
Published: April 2024

Türkiye Selçuklu Devleti’nin siyasi bütünlüğünün parçalanmasına sebep olan Moğol İstilası, Anadolu’nun Türkleşme sürecinin son safhası kabul edilen II. Beylikler Dönemi’nin başlamasına yol açmıştır. Bu devrin başlaması aynı zamanda, Türkiye Selçuklu Devleti’nin yıkılma sürecine girmesine ve Türkmen beylerinin, Selçuklu otoritesinin kaybolduğu bölgeler ile merkezi otoritesi zayıflayan Bizans’ın doğu sınırlarında, müstakil ya da yarı müstakil hâlde devletçikler şeklinde teşkilatlanmalarıyla devam etmiştir.

Batı Anadolu’da söz konusu dönemde kurulan siyasi teşekküllerden biri de Menteşâ Emîrliği’dir. İbtidâsı ve kurucusu olarak kabul edilen Menteşâ Bey hakkında 1934 yılından itibaren çeşitli görüşler mevcut olan emîrliğin, erken dönemleri hakkındaki vesikaların günümüze ulaşmaması ya da hiç telif edilmemesi sebebiyle, konuyla ilgili mevcut görüşler kesinlik arz etmemektedir. Bu durum, Menteşâ Emîrliği’nin kökeni hakkında çeşitli tartışmaları da beraberinde getirmekle kalmayıp, odak noktasından sapmalara neden olmakta ve sorunun çözümünü zorlaştırmaktadır. Konuyla ilgili olarak 90 yıllık süreçte yapılan çalışmalarda Menteşâ imlası bir şahıs ismi olarak değerlendirilerek problemin çözüm yollarının arandığı malumdur.

Bu çalışmada dönem kaynaklarından ve araştırma eserlerden istifade edilerek, emîrliğin zuhuru ve “منتشا “imlasının transkripsiyonunun tespiti ile mevcut önermelerin dâhilinde konu farklı bir perspektiften tekrar değerlendirilmiş, yeni yaklaşımlar elde edilmiştir. Böylelikle sonucun ve sorunsalın karmaşası büyük ölçüde ortadan kalkmış ve emîrliğin ibtidâsı ile ilgili daha sarih verilere ulaşılmıştır.
The Role of Artisans in the Circumcision Festival of 1675 During the Reign of Sultan Mehmed IV
Authors: Torun M. Fatih , Turna Nalan
Published: April 2024

In 1675, the Ottoman state held an imperial festival (sur-ı hümayun) in Edirne to celebrate the military achievements, the circumcision of the sons of Sultan Mehmed IV (r. 1648-1687) and the marriage of his daughter. Drawing from seventeenthcentury official and non-official sources concerning the festival, this essay focuses mainly on the role of the artisans. It shows how the practices of the artisans at the festival resembled those of the army artisans who, too, paraded at the initial stage of the military campaigns. However, rather than the mere theatrical aspects of the guilds’ pageantry, it emphasizes other yet multiple functions of the artisans. In particular, showing the role of the Istanbul and Edirne guilds in front of and behind the stage, this essay argues that they not only benefited from participating in such events but also bore their burdens as they provided various services, labor, and funding. In this regard, it also pays attention to the other side of the coin where not only artisans but also other actors were involved. To this end, after a brief introduction, this essay focuses on the day-to-day parades of the artisans, the practices of gift-giving, the burdens and benefits of the festival for the different classes, and finally its military tone by considering the actively involved artisans and their auxiliaries.
Sardinya-İtalya Erzurum Konsolosluğu ve Ermeni Meselesindeki Rolü
Authors: Küçükuğurlu Murat
Published: April 2024

1853-1856 yıllarında yaşanan Kırım Savaşı’nda, İngiltere ve Fransa ile birlikte Sardinya Devleti de Rusya’ya karşı Osmanlı Devleti’nin yanında yer almıştır. Savaştan sonra Sardinya tebaasından bazı kişiler Erzurum ve civarında ekonomik ve ticari faaliyetlerde bulunmuşlardır. Bunun üzerine Sardinya Devleti, 1860 yılında Erzurum’a bir konsolos memuru atamıştır. 1861 yılında İtalya birliği kurulup Sardinya Devleti bu birliğe dâhil olunca, 1862’de bu kez İtalya Devleti adına bir konsolos memuru görevlendirilmiştir. Bu dönemde ismi ön plana çıkan kişi, 1855’ten beri Erzurum’da bulunan Eczacı Augusto Lavini’dir. 1890’da patlak veren ilk Ermeni isyanı sırasında adını duyurmaya başlayan Lavini, isyanı takip eden günlerde Erzurum’daki Ermeni komitacıları ile birlikte Osmanlı yöneticilerini rahatsız eden birtakım faaliyetlere girişmiştir. Bunun üzerine 1892’de görevden alınmıştır. 1894 yılında Sason İsyanı patlak verince İtalya, Erzurum’da bir konsolosluk açmaya karar vermiş ve Osmanlı Devleti’nin muhalefetine rağmen Attilio Monaco’yu konsolos olarak Erzurum’a göndermiştir. Osmanlı Devleti, bu emrivaki karşısında zor durumda kalmıştır. Yapılan diplomatik girişimlerin sonucunda İtalya Konsolosu’nun ataması yaklaşık iki ay geciktirilebilmiştir. Osmanlı Devleti, konsolosun atanmasını engelleyememekle birlikte, bu konsolosun Tahkikat Komisyonu’na katılarak İtalya’nın Sason Hadisesi’ne doğrudan müdahalesinin önüne geçmiştir. Bununla birlikte Monaco, 1895’te Ermeni komitacıları tarafından başlatılan ve tarihe “Erzurum Vakası” olarak geçen olayları Ermenilerin lehine yanlı bir şekilde batı basınına duyurmak için elinden geleni yapmıştır. Bütün bu hadiselerin ardından Erzurum’daki İtalya Konsolosluğu 1896’da kapatılmıştır. 1914 yılı sonlarında, Osmanlı Devleti’nin I. Dünya Savaşı’na fiilen girdiği günlerde İtalya Devleti, Erzurum’daki konsolosluğunu tekrar aktif hale getirmiştir. Bununla birlikte 1915’te İtalya’nın Osmanlı Devleti’ne karşı savaş açmasıyla birlikte İtalyan Konsolosluğu kapanmıştır.
Dampak Media Sosial Terhadap Perilaku Siswa Di Madrasah Aliyah Swasta Pinogaluman, Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Utara
Authors: Ngiu Zulaecha , Nggilu Ariyanto , Pandi Muhammad Taufik M
Published: April 2024

The impact of social media such as YouTube, WhatsApp, Tiktok, Instagram, Facebook and so on has positive and negative impacts on students. Positive impacts, for example, will have creativity, have innovation in the development of science, and be used as an online business. The negative impact of foreign culture on students has reached an alarming stage because there is a tendency for students to have forgotten the culture of their own people. The culture of following along with Appearance or how to dress, following tick-tock trends, style of language in speaking, and shopping online, and always playing online games will affect the volume of brain cells so that the level of intelligence will decrease. Based on the above problems, the researchers conducted outreach to students in the private Madrasah Aliyah Hall, Pinogaluman District, North Bolaang Mongondow Regency with the aim of (1) strengthening and inculcating national character values for students in private Madrasah Aliyah, Pinogaluman District, Regency Bolaang Mongondow Utara. (2) Increasing students' awareness of their behavior while in the Madrasah environment. (3) Building a good cooperative relationship between teachers and parents of students. After carrying out the Mentoring and Socialization activities for students, we plan to do a mapping to find out how successful the teacher is in guiding his students.
Análise do poder de penetração de diferentes projéteis de armas de fogo na região anatômica do arco costal de javalis endêmicos do noroeste do estado de São Paulo
Authors: Coelho Willian Marinho Dourado , Ohf Jorge Henrique
Published: April 2024

A lesão causada por projéteis de armas de fogo é influenciada por uma série de fatores em que o projétil e a sua interação com o tecido alvejado irão determinar as características e a severidade do traumatismo balístico. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o poder de penetração de diferentes projéteis de armas de fogo na região do gradil costal de javalis provenientes da região noroeste do estado de São Paulo. Foram utilizadas pistolas calibre .22 LR, .380 ACP, 9mm Parabellum, .40 S&W, .45 ACP, revólver cal. .38 SPL, carabina PUMA .357 Magnum, espingarda cal. 32 Gauge, 12 Gauge e fuzil T4 calibre 5.56X45mm. Os tiros foram efetuados contra alvos compostos por peças anatômicas da região do gradil costal de javalis posicionados a 20 metros de distância da linha de tiro, sendo aferida a penetração de cada projétil recuperado em argila balística. Foi constatado que todas as munições utilizadas transfixaram a peça anatômica, entretanto, apenas as munições/projéteis utilizados na pistola .40S&W tipo ETPP, carabina PUMA .357 Magnum e nas espingardas calibre 32 e 12 Gauge foram capazes de atravessar a peça anatômica e penetrar na argila balística desenvolvendo uma cavidade superior a 30cm de profundidade na média. Por meio deste estudo pode-se concluir que para o abate de alguns exemplares de javalis endêmicos da região noroeste do estado de São Paulo é mandatório a utilização de armas/ munições com energia igual ou superior aos 1384 Joule do calibre .357 Magnum para as carabinas/fuzil e igual ou superior aos 1013 Joule do calibre 32 Gauge (com munição específica tipo balote) para tiros em alvos a 20 metros ou mais, promovendo um abate mais efetivo/ humanizado para o animal e garantindo a segurança do controlador.
Numerical study of heat transfer enhancement in parallel-plate channels with rotating baffles
Authors: Brahimi Amine , Rebhi Redha , Alliche Mounir , Didi Faouzi
Published: April 2024

The present work aims to improve the heat transfer rate in a rectangular channel. To improve the dynamic and thermal characteristics, a deflector is inserted on the axis of the thermal channel. The inclination angles of the deflector are taken into account, α = 90°, 70°, 50° and 30°.H2 gas, which has high thermal conductivity, used to significantly improve the overall thermal performance of various types of thermal equipment. The average Nusselt number is improved by the angle of inclination of the deflector (α = 90°). The Nusselt number (Nu) also increases the temperature difference between the wall surface and the H2 gas, resulting in good cooling for different Reynolds numbers, Re = 5000, 10000, 15000, 20000 and 25000.
Automação predial: um estudo sobre economicidade no uso de aparelhos de ar condicionado
Authors: Neves Márcio Vanicola Lins , Silva Osmarino Leitão da , Oliveira Silmar Antonio Buchner de , Piffer Douglas Moro
Published: April 2024

A tecnologia de automação tem desempenhado um papel crucial no setor público, possibilitando a otimização dos processos e aprimorando os serviços oferecidos aos cidadãos. A aplicação da tecnologia de automação a aparelhos de ar condicionado constitui estratégia para a redução do consumo de energia elétrica, de despesas com a manutenção e a substituição de equipamentos e preservação dos recursos naturais. Este estudo buscou identificar práticas bem-sucedidas, obstáculos e resultados documentados em publicações científicas recentes sobre a implementação de sistemas de automação em aparelhos de ar condicionado a partir da condução de uma pesquisa bibliográfica sistemática. Foram analisadas sete publicações cujos resultados apontaram a eficiência energética a partir da aplicação de tecnologia de automação, bem como melhoria na gestão operacional, com maior controle sobre o funcionamento dos equipamentos e otimização do uso de recursos. As considerações finais apontaram que o emprego desta tecnologia representa uma solução viável e eficaz para promover a economicidade no setor público, contribuindo para a redução dos gastos com energia e para a sustentabilidade ambiental, posto que essa inovação tecnológica não beneficia apenas as instituições governamentais em termos financeiros, mas também fortalece sua responsabilidade socioambiental e compromisso com a eficiência energética.
Multiband Spectropolarimetry of Lunar Maria, Pyroclastics, Fresh Craters, and Swirl Materials
Authors: Wöhler Christian , Arnaut Mirza , Bhatt Megha
Published: April 2024

Imaging polarimetry is a well-known method for examining the small-scale structure of the surface regolith of airless celestial bodies. In this study, we examine (for the first time) the wavelength-dependent polarization behavior of selected lunar areas, including maria, highlands, fresh craters, pyroclastic deposits, and the Reiner Gamma swirl, based on telescopic multiband UBVRI imaging polarimetry at phase angles within the range of the positive polarization branch. The terrain-dependent spectropolarimetric behavior is studied for the first time in this work. For each study area, we conduct a mapping of the relative regolith grain size, an analysis of the exponent of the Umov law, and the wavelength dependence of the degree of linear polarization. Furthermore, we perform area-specific principal component analyses of the degree of linear polarization, followed by unsupervised machine learning (clustering) to segment different terrain types. We find that fresh mare craters and high-titanium pyroclastic deposits have an increased regolith grain size, whereas crater ray material, low-titanium pyroclastic material, and the Reiner Gamma swirl are more finely grained than the average regolith. The degree of linear polarization decreases with increasing wavelength-dependent albedo according to a power law whose exponent is itself positively correlated with the albedo. For a constant albedo and grain size, the degree of linear polarization increases linearly with wavelength. The clustering step yields a library of terrain-dependent prototype spectra of the degree and angle of linear polarization.
Stellar Metallicities and Gradients in the Isolated, Quenched Low-mass Galaxy Tucana
Authors: Fu Sal Wanying , Weisz Daniel R. , Starkenburg Else , Martin Nicolas , Mercado Francisco J. , Savino Alessandro , Boylan-Kolchin Michael , Côté Patrick , Dolphin Andrew E. , Longeard Nicolas , Mateo Mario L. , Samuel Jenna , Sandford Nathan R.
Published: April 2024

We measure the metallicities of 374 red giant branch (RGB) stars in the isolated, quenched dwarf galaxy Tucana using Hubble Space Telescope narrowband (F395N) calcium H and K imaging. Our sample is a factor of ∼7 larger than what is available from previous studies. Our main findings are as follows. (i) A global metallicity distribution function (MDF) with

〈
[Fe/H]
〉
=
−

1.55

−
0.04

+
0.04

and

σ

[Fe/H]

=

0.54

−
0.03

+
0.03

. (ii) A metallicity gradient of −0.54 ± 0.07 dex

R

e

−
1

(−2.1 ± 0.3 dex kpc−1) over the extent of our imaging (∼2.5 R

e
), which is steeper than literature measurements. Our finding is consistent with predicted gradients from the publicly available FIRE-2 simulations, in which bursty star formation creates stellar population gradients and dark matter cores. (iii) Tucana’s bifurcated RGB has distinct metallicities: a blue RGB with

〈
[Fe/H]
〉
=
−

1.78

−
0.06

+
0.06

and

σ

[Fe/H]

=

0.44

−
0.06

+
0.07

and a red RGB with

〈
[Fe/H]
〉
=
−

1.08

−
0.07

+
0.07

and

σ

[Fe/H]

=

0.42

−
0.06

+
0.06

. (iv) At fixed stellar mass, Tucana is more metal-rich than Milky Way satellites by ∼0.4 dex, but its blue RGB is chemically comparable to the satellites. Tucana’s MDF appears consistent with star-forming isolated dwarfs, though MDFs of the latter are not as well populated. (v) About 2% of Tucana’s stars have [Fe/H] < −3% and 20% have [Fe/H] > −1. We provide a catalog for community spectroscopic follow-up.
Magnetized Fingering Convection in Stars
Authors: Fraser Adrian E. , Reifenstein Sam A. , Garaud Pascale
Published: April 2024

Fingering convection (also known as thermohaline convection) is a process that drives the vertical transport of chemical elements in regions of stellar radiative zones where the mean molecular weight increases with radius. Recently, Harrington & Garaud used three-dimensional direct numerical simulations (DNS) to show that a vertical magnetic field can dramatically enhance the rate of chemical mixing by fingering convection. Furthermore, they proposed a so-called “parasitic saturation” theory to model this process. Here, we test their model over a broad range of parameter space, using a suite of DNS of magnetized fingering convection, varying the magnetic Prandtl number, magnetic field strength, and composition gradient. We find that the rate of chemical mixing measured in the simulations is not always predicted accurately by their existing model, in particular when the magnetic diffusivity is large. We then present an extension of the Harrington & Garaud model which resolves this issue. When applied to stellar parameters, it recovers the results of Harrington & Garaud except in the limit where fingering convection becomes marginally stable, where the new model is preferred. We discuss the implications of our findings for stellar structure and evolution.
Reliable Identification of Binary Supermassive Black Holes from Rubin Observatory Time-domain Monitoring
Authors: Davis Megan C. , Grace Kaylee E. , Trump Jonathan R. , Runnoe Jessie C. , Henkel Amelia , Blecha Laura , Brandt W. N. , Casey-Clyde J. Andrew , Charisi Maria , Witt Caitlin A.
Published: April 2024

Periodic signatures in time-domain observations of quasars have been used to search for binary supermassive black holes (SMBHs). These searches, across existing time-domain surveys, have produced several hundred candidates. The general stochastic variability of quasars, however, can masquerade as a false-positive periodic signal, especially when monitoring cadence and duration are limited. In this work, we predict the detectability of binary SMBHs in the upcoming Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). We apply computationally inexpensive sinusoidal curve fits to millions of simulated LSST Deep Drilling Field light curves of both single, isolated quasars and binary quasars. The period and phase of simulated binary signals can generally be disentangled from quasar variability. Binary amplitude is overestimated and poorly recovered for two-thirds of potential binaries due to quasar accretion variability. Quasars with strong intrinsic variability can obscure a binary signal too much for recovery. We also find that the most luminous quasars mimic current binary candidate light curves and their properties: The false-positive rates are 60% for these quasars. The reliable recovery of binary period and phase for a wide range of input binary LSST light curves is promising for multi-messenger characterization of binary SMBHs. However, pure electromagnetic detections of binaries using photometric periodicity with amplitude greater than 0.1 mag will result in samples that are overwhelmed by false positives. This paper represents an important and computationally inexpensive way forward for understanding the true and false-positive rates for binary candidates identified by Rubin.
Reconstruction of Cosmological Initial Density Field with Observations from the Epoch of Reionization
Authors: Zhou Meng , Mao Yi
Published: April 2024

The initial density distribution provides a basis for understanding the complete evolution of cosmological density fluctuations. While reconstruction in our local Universe exploits the observations of galaxy surveys with large volumes, observations of high-redshift galaxies are performed with a small field of view and therefore can hardly be used for reconstruction. Here, we propose reconstructing the initial density field using the H i 21 cm and CO line intensity maps from the epoch of reionization. Observations of these two intensity maps provide complementary information on the density field—the H i 21 cm field is a proxy of matter distributions in the neutral regions, while the CO line intensity maps are sensitive to the high-density, star-forming regions that host the sources for reionization. Technically, we employ the conjugate gradient method and develop the machinery for minimizing the cost function for the intensity mapping observations. Analytical expressions for the gradient of cost function are derived explicitly. We show that the resimulated intensity maps match the input maps of mock observations using semi-numerical simulations of reionization with an rms error ≲7% at all stages of reionization. This reconstruction is also robust with an rms error of ∼10% when an optimistic level of shot noise is applied to the CO map or white noise at the level of ≲10% of the standard deviation is applied to each map. Our proof-of-concept work demonstrates the robustness of the reconstruction method, thereby providing an effective technique for reconstructing the cosmological initial density distribution from high-redshift observations.
Relativistic Alfvén Turbulence at Kinetic Scales
Authors: Vega Cristian , Boldyrev Stanislav , Roytershteyn Vadim
Published: April 2024

In a strongly magnetized, magnetically dominated relativistic plasma, Alfvénic turbulence can extend to scales much smaller than the particle inertial scales. It leads to an energy cascade somewhat analogous to inertial- or kinetic-Alfvén turbulent cascades existing in nonrelativistic space and astrophysical plasmas. Based on phenomenological modeling and particle-in-cell numerical simulations, we propose that the energy spectrum of such relativistic kinetic-scale Alfvénic turbulence is close to k
−3 or slightly steeper than that due to intermittency corrections or Landau damping. We note the analogy of this spectrum with the Kraichnan spectrum corresponding to the enstrophy cascade in 2D incompressible fluid turbulence. Such turbulence strongly energizes particles in the direction parallel to the background magnetic field, leading to nearly one-dimensional particle momentum distributions. We find that these distributions have universal log-normal statistics.
Search for GeV Gamma-Ray Emission from Possible TeV-bright Red Dwarfs with Fermi-LAT
Authors: Huang Chen , Zhang Xiao , Chen Yang , Zhong Wenjuan
Published: April 2024

Red dwarfs have been suggested to be among the possible astrophysical species accelerating particles and emitting TeV γ-rays. In an effort to search for the GeV γ-ray counterparts of the suggested TeV emission from eight red dwarfs, we analyze the 0.2–500 GeV γ-ray emission of the regions covering them, exploiting the ∼13.6 yr Pass 8 data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). A GeV γ-ray emission excess with a significance of 3.8σ is detected in the direction of the red dwarf V962 Tau. This emission contains V962 Tau in a 1σ error radius and is independent of the catalog source. However, the stellar flare scenario can hardly explain the total energy and lightcurve (LC) derived from the γ-ray emission in view of the spectral analysis. We also analyze the LCs in the positions of the eight red dwarfs, and no time bin with a significance >5σ is found. Therefore, no significant emission from the red dwarfs could be concluded to have been detected by Fermi-LAT.
Some novel results for DNNs via relaxed Lyapunov functionals
Authors: Li Guoyi , Wang Jun , Shi Kaibo , Tang Yiqian
Published: April 2024

The focus of this paper was to explore the stability issues associated with delayed neural networks (DNNs). We introduced a novel approach that departs from the existing methods of using quadratic functions to determine the negative definite of the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional's (LKFs) derivative $ \dot{V}(t) $. Instead, we proposed a new method that utilizes the conditions of positive definite quadratic function to establish the positive definiteness of LKFs. Based on this approach, we constructed a novel the relaxed LKF that contains delay information. In addition, some combinations of inequalities were extended and used to reduce the conservatism of the results obtained. The criteria for achieving delay-dependent asymptotic stability were subsequently presented in the framework of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, a numerical example confirmed the effectiveness of the theoretical result.
Style head in Apocynaceae: a very complex secretory activity performed by one tissue
Authors: Maximo Danielle , Demarco Diego
Published: April 2024

Nuptial glands are very diverse and associated with different pollination mechanisms. The greater the specificity in the pollen transfer mechanism from anther to stigma, the greater the morphological elaboration of flowers and functional complexity of the nuptial glands. In Apocynaceae, pollination mechanisms reached an extreme specificity, a fact that was only possible due to an extreme morphological synorganization and a profusion of floral glands. Although these glands are of different types, the vast majority have secretory cells only in the epidermis. In general, these epidermal cells produce many different compounds at the same time, and previous studies have demonstrated that in the style head, the functional complexity of epidermis has become even greater. Four types of style head are found in the family, which have different degrees of functional complexity in relation to the secretion produced and pollen dispersal mechanism. The secretion is fluid in types I, II and III, and the pollen is dispersed and adhered to the pollinator by the secretion produced by the style head. In type IV, the secretion hardens and acquires a specific shape, moulded by the spatial constraints of the adjacent floral organs. This evolutionary alteration is accompanied by changes in the structure and arrangement of the secretory cells, as well as in pollen aggregation and position of stigma. Histochemical analysis has shown that the secretion is mixed and highly complex, especially in the style head type IV, where the secretion, called translator, is formed by a rigid central portion, which adheres to the pollinator, and two caudicles that attach to two pollinia. The translator has a distinct composition in its different parts. Further studies are needed to answer the new questions that have arisen from the discovery of this highly functional complexity of the secretory tissue.
Cultural Conception of Friendship: What do Ecuadorians and Poles Expect from a Friend?
Authors: Wisniewska Zuzanna , Boski Pawel
Published: April 2024

The present study investigates similarities and differences in perception of emotional support and conversational intimacy between friends. Burleson’s (1994) typology of emotional support and analysis of Polish vs. Latin American cultures served as the theoretical framework for this study. Participants (Ecuadorians=87, Poles=60) completed a questionnaire consisting of five episodes-dialogues between two women whose behaviors reflected two variables: (i) Type of emotional support: Low versus High person-centered; and (ii) Success versus Failure story. Both partners, in dyads, where emotional support was high person-centered, enjoyed more positive evaluation than friends in low person-centered support dyads. Poles were more sensitive to how the needs of the self-disclosing partner were served by her friend, while Ecuadorians paid more attention to the quality of interaction. Also, personal matters attracted more interest of Poles, unlike Ecuadorians, for whom a casual small talk was more enjoyable.
The IACCP Archives Project
Authors: Berry John , Lonner Walt
Published: April 2024

In July 2006 a workshop featuring a suggested IACCP Archives Project was part of the programme at the IACCP international congress in Spetses, Greece. About 25 highly interested people attended it. An informal meeting was held about a week later. John Berry and Walt Lonner, and several senior members of IACCP, were active participants in both sessions. Everyone involved so far has enthusiastically endorsed the basic idea of establishing the Archives and finding a permanent home for them. We also will need to develop some procedures for possible uses of the various components that the archives may contain.
Exploring the Consequences of Biculturalism: Cognitive Complexity
Authors: Benet-Martínez Verónica , Lee Fiona
Published: April 2024

To explore the possible socio-cognitive consequences of biculturalism, we examined the complexity of cultural representations in monocultural and bicultural individuals. Study 1 found that Chinese-American biculturals’ free descriptions of both American and Chinese cultures were higher in cognitive complexity than that of Anglo-American monoculturals, but the same effect was not apparent in descriptions of culturally-neutral entities (landscapes). Using the same procedures, Study 2 found that the cultural representations of biculturals with low levels of Bicultural Identity Integration (BII; or biculturals with conflicted cultural identities) were more cognitively complex than that of biculturals with high BII (biculturals with compatible cultural identities). This work shows that biculturalism and BII have meaningful cognitive consequences; further it suggests that exposure to more than one culture increases individuals’ ability to detect, process, and organize everyday cultural meaning, highlighting the potential benefits of multiculturalism.
Beyond Indigenization: International Dissemination of Research by Majority-World Psychologists
Authors: Adair John , Kashima Yoshi , Maluf Maria , Pandey Janak
Published: April 2024

Analyses of the affiliations of authors of articles published in targeted samples of North American and international journals revealed trends toward increasing international publication by psychologists from countries outside the U.S., i.e., from countries in the rest of the world (ROW). Relatively few of these ROW publications came from psychologists from developing countries. Because developing countries are most numerous and represent the majority of the people in the world, their contribution to the world of psychology is important. Following a summary presentation of data for each journal for psychologists from East Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, and South Asia (primarily India), the factors differentially deterring or promoting international publication within each region are discussed.1 Consideration of the extent to which research contributions are differentially influenced by the national economy, national language, and the state of discipline development raise questions and provide insights into the international dissemination of majority-world research.
Meaning Constitution Analysis: A Phenomenological Approach to Research in Human Sciences
Authors: Sages Roger , Lundsten Jonas
Published: April 2024

Each and every thought, word, feeling or action of a person harbor a richness of meaning, opening on all the possible worlds accessible for him/her. A vision on those possible worlds, those open possibilities of action, should be of great interest for human science research. We believe that the phenomenological thinking of Edmund Husserl, reworked to adapt to the modern conception of the human sciences, can allow such an understanding of a person or a more or less large group, giving not a static picture of his mind, but a dynamic view of the ongoing process of constitution of meaning. In cross-cultural and/or intercultural comparative fields as well as developmental and educational fields, the researcher is confronted to language, in conversations, narratives, writings and texts studied, to understand the relations of individuals to their cultures. Collecting freely expressed narratives and texts, the researcher accesses the whole universe of the subject in all its richness, individual specificity and cultural and social characteristics. Hence the question of the meaning and interpretation of the narratives to be done by a lecture in intension to reconstruct the possible worlds of the subject by phenomenological analysis. MCA, “Meaning Constitution Analysis”, explores the pluralities of the significations lying in the texts and implied by it. Software, MCA – Minerva, has been developed as an efficient tool in the work of text analysis. By MCA-method any kind of text can be analyzed in a rigorous and controlled way. By allowing also for different statistical treatment of the results of the process of analysis, it might render obsolete the now almost classical distinction between qualitative and quantitative methods.
Temporal Orientation and its Relationships with Organizationally Valued Outcomes: Results from a 14 Country Investigation
Authors: Billing Tejinder , Bhagat Billing , Lammel Annamária , Leonard Karen , Ford David , Brew Fran , Rojas-Mendez Jose , Coutino-Hill Vilma , Rajadhyaksha Ujvala , Srivastava B.N. , Setiadi Bernadette , Yousef Darwish , Soler Olga , Shin Mannsoo , Nowak Ichal , Zhao Shuming , Schmid Stefan , Gumus Murat , Keeley Tim , Kwantes Catherine , Kuo Ben
Published: April 2024

In this investigation we were concerned with the cultural covariates of temporal orientation in 14 different national contexts. Data were collected from United States of America (US), Australia, Germany, Poland, Chile, Venezuela, Turkey, United Arab Emirates (UAE), India, Indonesia, Malaysia Japan, South Korea and China. Analyses show that collectivistic cultural orientation tends to be relatively important in the prediction of three facets of temporal orientation (i.e. emphasis on planning and scheduling; sense of time and attitude towards time).
Strategies of Friendship Maintenance in Mexico: Gender Differences
Authors: López Becerra Claudia , Reyes Lagunes Isabel , Rivera Aragón Sofia
Published: April 2024

Friendship development refers to the course that people follow since they know each other until they may stop being close friends any more. In this process, the actions making the progress of the relationship possible should be considered, as well as what attracts one person to another and the actions that maintain and deepen the relationship. Blieszner & Adams (1992) agree that friendship develops from knowing each other to obtaining emotional closeness; they define phases that describe changes in friendship. They also agree that those phases do not follow a predetermined sequence, for some friendships become quite close and some others remain in an occasional level; so the stages of friendship are not static events. Maintenance stage involves both dynamic behaviors and activities influenced by culture (Dainton, 2003). The purpose of this chapter is to explore how Mexicans from 19 to 40 years old maintain their friendships. An inventory was developed to assess such strategies. The outcomes revealed that among the several ways of keeping a best friend is the fulfillment of behaviors in order to avoid discussions, surpassing the setbacks, giving support, listening, showing affection and having many things in common as well.
South Asians in Scandinavia: Diasporic Identity Processes
Authors: Singla Rashmi
Published: April 2024

This chapter1 probes selected social-psychological aspects for South Asian young adults in Denmark and is a follow up of a Danish project conducted in the mid-nineties. The diasporic conceptualizations in respect to human centeredness and cultural processes in migration combined with life course perspective, provide the theoretical framework for this study. In-depth interviews were employed, and information was analyzed through meaning condensation and subsequent categorization of the narratives. The results show the reinterpretation of the self, “others” and home in the diasporic families, for the parental as well as the young generation. The chapter also depicts the young adults’ diasporic identities involving the ancestral countries as well as the Scandinavian welfare societies. The results hardly support the myth of return, although the countries of residence have turned increasingly restrictive in migration policies in the past years.
Rogelio Díaz-Guerrero: A Legacy of Psychological Creation and Research
Authors: Diaz-Loving Rolando , Lozano Ignacio
Published: April 2024

Rogelio Díaz-Guerrero’s journey began in 1918, born into a large (13 brothers and sisters) and very typical and traditional Mexican family in his homeland, Guadalajara. In search of the keys to understand human behavior, he moved to Mexico City immediately after finishing high school, where he studied medicine whilst taking psychology and chemistry classes at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). During this stage of his life, he was a student to a series of distinguished and prominent Mexican professors and thinkers: Enrique Aragon, Ezequiel Chavez, Guillermo Davila, Oswaldo Robles, Antonio Caso, Samuel Ramos and Jose Gaos. Finishing his years in medical school, he received a scholarship for post graduate studies at the University of Iowa, where he completed masters and doctoral studies in neuropsychiatry and psychology, being lectured by renowned psychiatrists such as Jacques Gottlieb and Paul Huston, eminent neurologists like Van Epps and Adolph Sahs, and pioneers in psychology such as Kenneth Spence, Kurt Lewin and Robert Sears.