bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Student Perceptions of Graduate Teaching Assistant and Faculty Nonverbal Immediacy and Teacher Credibility
Authors:   , Hargett Jennifer
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study was to determine if students perceive more immediate instructors as more credible than non immediate instructors, if students perceive graduate teaching assistants to be more or less immediate and more or less credible than full-time faculty, and whether more immediate instructors are perceived as more credible than non-immediate instructors in a classroom situation. Richmond , Gorham, and McCroskey's (1987) Nonverbal Immediacy Behaviors Instrument, McCroskey and Young's (1981) Teacher Credibility instrument, and a standard university evaluation form used at a mid-sized Midwestern university (TEVAL, 1996) were administered to 289 undergraduate students enrolled in 17 sections of Fundamentals of Oral Communication. No significant differences were found between GTA and full-time faculty evaluation scores. There was a strong positive correlation between nonverbal immediacy and teacher credibility, and significant positive correlations were found on all measures in relation to expected grade.
The Kiowa Formation as an Aquitard Between the Dakota Formation and the Cedar Hills Sandstone in Rooks, Ellis, and Russell Counties of North- Central Kansas
Authors:   , Basye Bruce
Published: February 2023

The Kiowa Formation is part of a transgressive sequence, deposited during Albian time, consisting of interbedded shales, siltstone, and sandstone. The formation crops out in south and north-central Kansas. In both of these geographically separated areas it is predominately thick-bedded, dense shale. A shale body within the Kiowa Formation in the western half of the study area, functions as an aquitard between the highly saline waters of the Cedar Hills Sandstone of the Permian System and the fresh and usable water of the Dakota Formation of the Cretaceous System. The Cedar Hills Sandstone has been used since the 1940s as a disposal zone for brine produced during oil production and is essential to the continued operation of marginal producing leases in north-central Kansas. The Kansas Corporation Commission is charged with the protection of all fresh and usable waters, including those in the Dakota Formation from oil field contamination. Earlier studies conducted by the Kansas Geological Survey indicated that the shale beds in the Kiowa Formation are neither laterally consistent nor thick enough to act as an aquitard between the fresh and usable water of the Dakota Formation and the Cedar Hills Sandstone. The findings of the Kansas Geological Survey’s study would indicate that there are some areas within the three countries where disposal into the Cedar Hills Sandstone would be problematic. Geophysical logs were used to determine the thickness, lateral extent, and nature of the uppermost shale layer in the Kiowa Formation. Isopach maps of this shale bed show that the thickest uppermost shales are located in the western one-fifth of the study area. Three-dimensional maps show the paleosurface of the Cedar Hills Sandstone and furnish concrete evidence for the difference in thickness of the aquitard in the western and eastern portions of this three county area.
Childhood Reading Habits of Felons
Authors:   , Olsen Lydia
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to describe felons' views of their childhood reading habits. The study focused on the types of literature enjoyed as well as the frequency of reading for pleasure. Demographic data gathered from the respondents included age, language, race, educational level, and adults in the home during childhood. The respondents used a self-report questionnaire to express their opinions of their childhood reading habits. They marked the types of literature they enjoyed reading from a list of 14 choices. A Likert scale was used to demonstrate the frequency of reading and being read to as a child. The results of this investigation revealed that the majority of felons enjoyed reading adventure, history, and comic books as children. Most report being read to Sometimes as a child under the age of 12, but never between the ages of 12 and 18. Frequency of independent reading was reported a sometimes between the ages of 0-12, and rose to often from 12-18.
Curry Type Flambe
Authors:   , Shinde Nagesh
Published: February 2023

A collection of type designs for products in the kitchen.
Abstract Expressionism: An Adventure in Ambiguous Painting
Authors:   , Saunders Ellen
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the study was twofold. It began with the hope of painting \more freely\ and also the hope of gaining an understanding into the nature of the excitement for this writer attendant on viewing works of modern art. What was it, about these ways of handling new symbols, that was so stimulating emotionally?
Experimental Line-Image Approach to Printmaking
Authors:   , Calnan Craig
Published: February 2023

A series of prints made using the intaglio, color intaglio, and collograph methods.
Thematic Analysis of Social Issues in Ten Young Adult Novels
Authors: Sale Brittany , null null , null null , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to complete a thematic analysis on ten randomly selected young adult novels published in the year 2018. Novels were selected based on the criteria of (1) being published in the year 2018, (2) age-appropriate for middle and high school students, (3) written in English and (4) not being a part of a series. The novels were published in the United States or Canada. The thematic analysis was conducted to determine recurring social issues presented in the novels that are affecting young adults. The novels examined in this study are: What If It’s Us, Swing, Unclaimed Baggage, When Elephants Fly, Meet the Sky, The Chaos of Now, A Very Large Expanse of Sea, Broken Things, Words We Don’t Say, and Sadie. This study suggested how to integrate the novels in a middle or high school setting and whether the novels could be used in a lesson or should be housed in a school library. Each novel was read, analyzed for themes, and categorized to determine main themes of the text. Every novel dealt with a different social issue including: addiction, death, loss, friendship, and school.
Implementing Social Skills Training Programs with Handicapped Students: A Staff Development Approach
Authors:   , Pray Bruce
Published: February 2023

The formal teaching of social skills in schools has often been proposed due to their importance for academic and vocational success as well as for long-term mental health adjustment. Research has shown that the vast majority of handicapped students have social skills deficits. This paper describes the state of the art of social skills training research and contrasts this with the state of practice with mildly handicapped students. Program evaluation methodology, including teacher surveys and interviews and a review of students’ IEPs, provides a description of current practice in a small special education cooperative. Results were consistent with previous research indicating that teachers focus on academically-related social skills with minimal emphasis on interpersonal skills. Results also suggested that mainstreaming decisions were primarily based on academic in contrast to social performance standards. Survey results suggested a lack of resources to establish inservice training and a lack of commitment to improving social skills training practices. Suggestions were made for additional program evaluation studies which should focus on assessment of a narrower range of social skills involving interpersonal skills only. A program evaluation/development role is proposed for practitioners.
Capturing the Final Image
Authors:   , Broky Kenneth
Published: February 2023

The artist “paints” by altering areas of his paintings. He places color over color, value over value and shape over shape; this process continues until a point is reached where the artist can claim success or satisfaction with his work.
A History of Hadley Memorial Hospital and Rehabilitation Center
Authors:   , Campbell Marc
Published: February 2023

Hadley Memorial Hospital is a voluntary non-profit corporation operating under the discipline of the Methodist Church. Organized in 1922 as the Hays Methodist Episcopal Hospital, it changed its name to Hays Protestant Hospital prior to opening for service in May, 1925. A board of directors governed the hospital and a nurse training school, which closed in 1930. During the depression years, the hospital experienced difficulty in removing its indebtedness, but by 1940, this task was accomplished. Construction of a new addition was begun in 1941, when the Hadley family donated funds for this purpose. In this same year a reorganization of the hospital’s constitution and by-laws was effected. In 1942, the hospital was incorporated as the Hadley Memorial Hospital in honor of the donors of the newly opened addition. Another building program was started in 1949, after Mark Hadley had promised to finance it. However, before the addition was completed and paid for, Hadley died and his will was contested by supposed and actual relatives. Trustees of the hospital, to which Hadley had left most of his estate, settled the litigation out of court and this made funds available to complete the second addition in 1952. With the hospital receiving a substantial income from Hadley estate oil royalties the trustees investigated possible ways of using this income wisely. Utilizing a professional consultant, they determined to establish a rehabilitation center with complete treatment facilities for chronically ill and psychiatric patients. Application for federal assistance, under the Hill-Burton Act, was approved and ground was broken for the new addition in 1956. Dedication ceremonies, held in May, 1959, were significant because thy marked the opening of the first comprehensive rehabilitation center in the United States to be located in a rural area, and the first such center under the auspices of the Methodist Church. Hadley Memorial Hospital trustees anticipate further expansion of the hospital’s facilities and services in the future.
Re-Vision in Time
Authors:   , Hagerman Mark
Published: February 2023

The media of printmaking lends itself to the imagery conceived in the materials used. The fact that my intaglio and lithograph prints are done in neutrals eliminates the distraction that color creates.
Socially Sanctioned and Creative Aggression
Authors:   , Saadat-Nouri Shaalah
Published: February 2023

This study investigated the change of manifestations of aggression in professional artists, sportsemen (sic), and soldiers. Four groups of six subjects of male adults mostly from Fort Hays Kansas State College selected, and each was administered Machover's Draw-A-Person test. Each subject took the test separately and independently, and drew three figures; a male, a female and an angry person. One male and one female judge scored the drawings. The inter-judge reliability between judges rating was very low. No significant differences were found between three experimental groups and the control group by a one-way analysis of variance statistical design.
A Kansas Survey of Early Childhood/Preschool School Psychology Services
Authors:   , Hockman Brandi
Published: February 2023

This study is an analysis of current practices of School Psychologists in the area of early childhood/preschool assessment. Surveys were sent by mail to school psychologists who were members of former members of the Kansas Association of School Psychologists. One-hundred seventy-eight surveys were returned, for a response rate of 19%. Eighty percent of the respondents had received training in early childhood during their post-secondary education, as opposed to 45% in previous research. Additionally, 40% of respondents indicated that they received training in their graduate program in courses that were offered with students form other disciplines. School Psychologists report that behavioral observation is the most frequently offered service while file review and parent/teacher interviews were the most common practices. Surprisingly, many instruments develop especially for the early childhood population were not frequently used. Supplemental results also indicated that respondents with more years of practice were less likely to have had training in early childhood during their training program than those who reported fewer years of practice.
The Ability of Learning Disabled and Other Young Adolescents to Utilize a Microcomputer Data Base Program
Authors:   , Walker Carrol
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this research was to determine how well learning disabled middle school students were able to learn and apply an age-appropriate data base software program when compared with a similar group of non-learning disabled students. A commercial database management program was employed. This program included a tutorial, sample data base with questions for practice, and a format for entering and retrieving data. Dependent variables were satisfactory completion of a search for information and length of time each individual needed to complete the study. The 53 subjects, 26 of whom had been determined to be learning disabled, were selected from two middle schools. Data was analyzed by computer. Six hypotheses were tested. Of these only hypothesis 4 was rejected. Hypothesis 4 contained a comparison between the mean time taken for learning disabled students to complete the study compared to that taken by other students. Learning disabled students took numerically and statistically longer to complete the study than did other students. However, hypothesis 5, which contained a comparison of adjusted mean time using SRA composite reading scores as covariant, was retained. When adjustment was made for reading ability there was no statistically significant difference between the time it took learning disabled and other students to learn to use the program. In this study both learning disabled and other students were able to enter information into a data base management program and search the data base for information. There were no gender differences in time needed to complete the study in either group or between the learning disabled groups when adjustment was made for reading ability. Although the learning disabled group was slower than the other group in completing the program there was no statistically significant difference between the two when an adjustment was made for reading ability. These results indicated that while learning disabled students can learn the skills needed to use a data base management program, they would need more time than other students to do so.
Compositional and Color Sensitivity in Abstract Painting
Authors:   , Ankenman Teresa
Published: February 2023

If color is the voice, then line and motion determine directional emphasis, whether the movement of the painting is fast or slow, or whether it arrives at that point which is a vital tension between the two. By contrasting the controlled straight-edged and curvilinear forms with the more spontaneous free-form drawing, I believe I can emphasize this tension, this pull in opposite directions (which could perhaps constitute the reality of ego and id, the conscious and subconscious at equal odds against each other?). For art is not merely form and color and composition, but also a meaning and expression of one's concepts of life and his own reality. My art tends to turn inward, I believe, introspective of the causes and varying directions of my emotions. The internal sensation is sometimes more explicit than the external; raw feeling closer to the poet.
Sculpture and Jewelry: A Statement
Authors:   , Chlumsky Conrad
Published: February 2023

The sculpture and jewelry in this portfolio are images; images with little physical reminiscence or analogy, representing only themselves. I wanted their presence to be sensed - felt. Their vitality comes from a combination of external and internal relationships - from the energy exchanged by shapes and contrasts of smoothly polished surfaces combined with rough organic surfaces contained in simple geometric shapes.
Coping and Adaptational Outcomes
Authors:   , Bauer Veronica
Published: February 2023

The main purpose of this thesis was to study relationships between coping and adaptational outcomes. The first hypothesis of the study predicted that adaptive coping as measured by COPE will be positively related to adaptational outcome (examination score); the second hypotheses predicted that maladaptive coping responses as measured by COPE will be negatively related to adaptational outcome. The third hypothesis proposed that the relationship between coping and adaptational outcome will be stronger when coping is measured as a response to a stressful situation (examination) than when it is measured as a personality disposition. The fourth hypothesis predicted that challenge appraisals will be positively related to adaptive outcome and threat appraisals will be negatively related to adaptive outcome. Participants (79 females; 52 males) in the study were enrolled in the Fall 1990 General Psychology course at Fort Hays State University. These students were administered two formats of the COPE by asking them to respond to the items of this coping measure with reference to (a) their third General Psychology examination (situational response format), and (b) what they “usually do” when they experience a stressful event (personality dispositional format). Participants also responded to a self-report measure of their appraisals of the psychology examination and to the Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness Personality Inventory. Results included only modest support for the initial hypothesis that adaptive coping would be positively related to adaptational outcome. In contrast there was considerable support for the second hypothesis that maladaptive coping would be negatively associated with adaptational outcome. There was negligible support for the third hypothesis that coping-outcome relationships would be stronger when coping is measured as a situational response than when it is measured as a personality disposition. Moreover, in half of the instances where either situational coping or dispositional coping (or both) was related to outcome, situational coping uniquely accounted for variance in examination outcome above and beyond that accounted for by dispositional coping. Finally, the results evidenced that the more subjects appraised the stressor (examination) as challenging, the more adaptive (higher examination scores) the outcome; the more subjects appraised the stressor as threatening, the less adaptive (lower examination scores) the outcome.
Effect of Nest Box Refugia on Population Sizes of Small Mammals in Fallow Cropland
Authors:   , Cristoffer Cris
Published: February 2023

The effect of nest boxes on abundance of five species of small mammals in fallow cropland in west-central Kansas was examined form June 1982 to May 1983. There was no significant difference in abundance of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), house mice (Mus musculus), hispid cotton rats (Signmodon hispidus), prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), and northern grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster), between a grid provisioned with next boxes and a control grid. Hispid cotton rats initially were more common on the control grid, but their numbers subsequently declined rapidly on both grids. Discrepancies between results of this study and results of previous studies are discussed.
Student Satisfaction and Quality of Life in Residence Halls
Authors:   , Long James
Published: February 2023

The research investigated the level of satisfaction in the residence hall by classification and floor of residence. Five hypotheses were tested and three were r ejected. A significant difference was found in mean score by floor. Seventh floor was significantly more satisfied with residence hall living than either third or fourth floor. This study also examined the correlations among item ratings and total ratings and the correlation between the satisfaction rating and the importance rating. All correlation coefficients between item ratings and total ratings were found to be statistically significant beyond the .05 level. The items on the satisfaction component and the importance component of the questionnaire were rank ordered by mean ratings and subtracted from one another. The comparisons assisted in identifying positive and negative areas of the residence hall. Three free response questions were also included and added further information to the study. The quality of food, elevators, and quiet hours were the areas of dissatisfaction. Special interest living, the proximity of friends, and the meals at the Backdoor were areas of highest satisfaction. A t-test was calculated comparing the satisfaction rating means and the theoretical means. The results indicated that the residents taking the questionnaire were significantly more satisfied than would be theorized on the arithmetic average.
Some Ecological Studies of the Vegetation at the Cheyenne Bottoms Waterfowl Refuge
Authors:   , Sonnenburg Duane
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to collect data on the vegetation and the environmental factors influencing the growth in the Cheyenne Bottoms Waterfowl Refuge Area.
The Relation of Vocabulary To Intelligence and Semester Grades of College Freshmen
Authors:   , Clifton Silas
Published: February 2023

Much discussion has taken place concerning the value of the vocabulary as an aid in attaining knowledge. There are those who believe an individual having a large vocabulary will also rank high in intelligence. The point bas been raised, by teachers and laymen, as to whether an individual, regardless of extreme high or low intelligence, will do better work in the subjects in which his vocabulary is large than in the subjects in which his vocabulary is scant. If a higher correlation results between the vocabulary of an individual and his final semester grades in the subjects in which he possess as a large vocabulary, than in the subjects in which his vocabulary is slight, the probability is that the vocabulary serves as an aid in the attainment of knowledge. It is out of such questions as these and others which might be raised that the problem of t hi s thesis arose, which stated specifically is: The Relation of Vocabulary to Intelligence and Semester Grades of College Freshmen.
Ivan Smirnov: A Problem In Americanization (A Novel)
Authors:   , Hruza Thelma
Published: February 2023

This thesis is a novella about a family of Russians who settled with the Volga-German people in Colorado and Kansas.
The Development of the Designs and Construction of Costumes For the Fort Hays Kansas State College Production of Peter Weiss' The Persecution and Assassination of Jean-Paul Marat as Performed by the Inmates of the Asylum of Charenton Under the Direction of the Marquis de Sade
Authors:   , Grusing Lavon
Published: February 2023

The problem posed for this Masters project was the design and construction of the thirty-three costumes needed for the production of Marat/Sade. The costuming of a show is an integral part of the production. Proper costuming \can enhance the actor, create the character, set the style, tie the individual into the scheme of characters, and show the progress of the play.\
Investigation of a Misophonia and Fluid Intelligence Relationship: Sound Spectrum Variation Impact on Fluid Intelligence Task Responses
Authors:   , Watson Leslie
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT Studies of misophonia have not assessed the impact of music and sound complexity on intelligence in individuals with misophonia. Edelstein et al. (2013) have provided work which pools trigger sound characteristics including sound repetitiveness yet does not include a substantial music subcategory. Utilizing the Cattell–Horn–Carroll model of intelligence, the current study explores the nature of music and music complexity on fluid intelligence, as described by Sternberg (2012). The hypotheses for this study focused on the relationship that complexity and music might have with misophonia. The rate of misophonia in the Mechanical Turk population was hypothesized to be 20%. The group with misophonia was predicted to perform worse when exposed to repetitive music and better when exposed to no music or complex music. Fluid intelligence was measured with a reaction speed score from the n-back task of working memory (Jaeggi et al.,2010). Disposition for misophonia was measured with the MisoQuest survey (Siepsiak et al., 2020a). A sample of Mechanical Turk workers participated in an n-back activity while exposed to no music, complex music, or repetitive music. The outcome of the study showed that rates of misophonia in the Mechanical Turk population were lower than hypothesized at under 5%. In supplementary analysis, the participants, categorized as having more misophonia traits, were worse at the n-back task in every condition including no music, complex music, and repetitive music. The outcome of this study can inform the work and educational environment setup.\r Keywords: Misophonia, MisoQuest, Mechanical Turk, Fluid intelligence, Music
A Comparative Analysis of the Rhetoric of Two Negro Women Orators: Sojourner Truth and Frances E. Watkins Harper
Authors:   , Montgomery Janey
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare the rhetoric of two Negro women orators- Sojourner Truth and Frances E. W. Harper as shown by a critical analysis of selected speeches from 1851 to 1875. For this study, two working hypotheses were required. First, to determine the historical value of these two women, it was the working hypothesis that Sojourner Truth and Frances Harper were influential forces in molding public sentiment toward reform issues during the Antebellum and Postbellum periods of American History, specifically antislavery and women's rights. On the basis of the investigation this hypothesis was borne out. Second, to evaluate them as public speakers, it was the hypothesis that Sojourner Truth and Frances Harper developed effective theories of rhetoric, which were probably influenced by their diverse backgrounds. On the basis of the investigation this hypothesis was partially borne out. By looking into the backgrounds, lives, and works of Sojourner Truth and Frances Harper several insights and influences that applied to their speech-making were noted. Sojourner’s major influences consisted of her mother's religious instruction, her association with the Quakers, and her exposure to the reform movement in New York City by the Latourette family. The major influences in Frances Harper's life included her uncle, her education, training in the domestic arts, and her quest for knowledge through books. To place these women in their proper rhetorical setting, it was necessary to reconstruct the general rhetorical atmosphere as demonstrated by the political, economic, social, and intellectual aspects of life in the Antebellum, Civil War, and Reconstruction years. Because these women had extensive careers and were known throughout the North and the South, it was concluded that there was a high degree of probability that these two Negro women orators were influential forces in shaping public sentiment regarding the reform issues of anti-slavery and women’s rights. The examination of these Negro women as public speakers demonstrated that although they did not advance a systematic theory of rhetoric, they were in all probability effective platform speakers. Thus, Sojourner Truth and Frances E. W. Harper were effective practitioners of their art. The investigation of their rhetorical skills including invention, logical proof, emotional proof, ethical proof, structure, style, delivery, and effectiveness demonstrated that while these women employed different techniques, it may be said that, these techniques were a logical outgrowth of their backgrounds and experiences in life. These techniques were also complimentary not only to the speaker’s personality but also to the occasion and the nature of the audience. Further research in this area of public address was suggested. One of the most valuable contributions to American public address would be a history of the speaking activities of Negro women in America.
Geoenabling A Rural Community Through Web GIS: A Case Study Of The City Of Hays, Ellis County Kansas
Authors:   , Coveney Eamonn
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study was to describe the internet GIS implementation in the City of Hays and Ellis County, Kansas, then compare it to examples of implementation from other similar communities. Geospatial resources were consolidated from both agencies and used to develop two web mapping applications for employee and public access. Both mapping applications were developed on the ArcGIS Server platform using the .NET Web Application Developer Framework. In addition, a HTML website was developed to accommodate common data requests and an online map repository. The implementation approach of the City of Hays and Ellis County is similar to the reviewed community case studies, though additional Python and JavaScript programming was required to accommodate the needs of both agencies. Follow-up interviews indicate that the implementation of the online web mapping application has yielded a savings in office labor, time and revenue for city/county staff members, and provides easy data access for the staff and citizens of the City of Hays and Ellis County.
Vessels, Voyages and Levitations
Authors:   , Harris David
Published: February 2023

This exhibition is not the end of a MFA program; it is rather the most recent phase of an evolution that continues to unfold from my total life experience. In creating and recreating these objects I gain a better understanding of the work, my environment and myself. In the making of the pieces I am guided by the need and desire to simplify the elements of form to produce increasingly quiet, peaceful, and understated pieces that convey a spiritual quality.
Transmuted Perception
Authors:   , Hottois Sean
Published: February 2023

Creating a Transmuted Perception is central to my work. The opportunity to make a joke, or an intentionally unusual statement, is a hinging point of what I do. I prefer to focus on making something that entertains, in an attention-getting and thought-provoking way. If the idea created in the viewer’s mind is slightly unusual, it will be successful. If this is so, then I enable the viewer to assign their own meaning to the work. The intellectual free space I provide through this process allows the receiver the opportunity to assemble the message in a personal way. In creating this system, I have positively and successfully transmuted their perception.
The Influence of College Courses On Individual Differences.
Authors:   , McIlree Clarke
Published: February 2023

What is the effect of college training upon individuals? More specifically, do college students become more alike or more unlike in , respect to the achievement involved in a college course as a result of taking the course? That is the question which this study will investigate. The importance of this question to the educator is that it involves educational technique and philosophy. If it is found that our educational system decreases individual differences and has the effect therefore, of equalizing opportunity, our philosophy of universal education as an important factor in the achievement of democracy is valid. On the other hand, if our present educational ~system is found to increase individual differences, thereby making for inequality of opportunity, we are working in direct opposition to our philosophy of democracy.
Personality and Problem Solving : The Effect of Cognitive Factors and Information Availability on Planning, Scanning, Verification and Decision Quality
Authors:   , O'Brien Eugene
Published: February 2023

This study examined the effect of the personality construct of cognitive rigidity/flexibility on critical decision - making behaviors. The specific behaviors were planning, scanning, and verification of information prior to and subsequent to making a decision. The effect of rigidity/flexibility on decision-making was studied under two conditions of information availability about the decision task. The two conditions were \without\ and \with\ information. The two conditions were designed to create either a well- or ill-defined situation for the subjects’ performance was measured in terms of quality of decision, number of strategies used, and speed of decision-making. Measurements were also made of time spent searching for information and time spent verifying the correctness of the decision. It was hypothesized that Rigid subjects would be more susceptible to perceptual and cognitive set or ideation perseveration. This was expected to lead to poor performance relative to Flexibles in the Ill-defined condition. However, in the Well-defined condition it was expected that the rigid subjects would more readily accept the set provided by the task instructions and perform better than the Flexibles. The chronometric measures all proved to be in significant. The discussion addresses the weaknesses of the chronometric method in measuring the type of cognitive activity critical to this study. Recommendations for future research are discussed. Significant differences between the number of decision strategies used in the ill-defined condition were found as expected.
Effects of Groundwater Contributions from the Dakota Formation on the Chemical Quality of Surface Waters in the Saline River, Ellis and Russell Counties, Kansas
Authors:   , Morris Case
Published: February 2023

The amount of chemical constituents in the Saline River increases temporally and spatially from Highway 183 north of Hays downstream to Wilson Reservoir. The most notable Increase in dissolved constituents occurs, just east of the Ellis/Russell County line, an area where the Dakota Formation initially crops out in the Saline River valley. Chloride, sodium, and sulfate are the main constituents responsible for the decrease in water quality. The Dakota Formation is the source of most of the highly mineralized water. However, all field pollution, evapotranspiration and/or leakage from the underlying Cretaceous Cheyenne Sandstone and/or Permian Cedar Hill is Sandstone may be responsible for the higher salinities. From April through October of 1988, chloride concentration in the Saline River within the study area was generally above the recommended 250 mg/l (ppm) drinking water standard. Chloride levels continued to rise throughout the summer as streamflow in the Saline River decreased and the alluvial aquifer became depleted. The western part of the study area remained at 300- 400 mg/l chloride, while the eastern part of the study area reached a maximum chloride content of 4570 mg/l in September, 1988. Magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese, and total hardness also exceeded the recommended drinking water standards In the Saline River during this study.
Rhetoric in Early Hays City, 1876-1900
Authors:   , Caton James
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the nature and significance of the spoken word in early Hays City from 1876, to 1900 as shown by accounts contained in Hays City newspapers of this period and interviews with some of Hays’ oldest citizens. Memorial Day and the Fourth of July were special occasions in which public speaking played an important part. The local Grand Army of the Republic was an organization which was responsible for much of the public address in early Hays City. The Camp fires of the G.A.R., Harvest Home Celebrations, and the Farmer’s picnic were always events which were accompanied with various forms of pubic address. Many speaking events were held in relation with the public school. The meeting of the Teacher’s Association, The Normal Institute, and the High School Commencement were events in the school year in which public speaking played an important part. The young city’s enthusiasm for politics was great. Several distinguished politicians visited Hays City. With the formation of a strong third party, the woman orator became a popular figure on the political platform. Public speaking was important in early Hays City. The nature of public address was versatile, and its significance was great.
Comparative Analysis of Foreign Beginning Readers to Identify Values Emphasized in the Content
Authors:   , Lyon Rozeene
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to identify and to compare values emphasized in selected foreign readers. Plan of the Study: A total of twenty-three foreign beginning readers representing seventeen foreign countries were analyzed. Readers included in the study were from Ecuador, Bolivia, Guatemala, Panama, Ireland, Liberia, New Zealand, Japan, Thailand, Germany, Luxembourg, France, Italy, Denmark, Russia, India, and Iran. All were published since 1940 and most were of recent copyright. Content of each reader was summarized, and readers were compared as to values emphasized and degree of emphasis accorded each of these values.
The Relationship Between Communication Apprehension, Rhetorical Sensitivity, and Loneliness in Early Marriage
Authors:   , McDowell Shannon
Published: February 2023

It has been widely documented that most Americans will marry at least once in their lifetime, however evidence suggests that marital success and satisfaction are not so widespread (Bornstein & Bornstein, 1985: Cargan, 1991). The increase in divorce and the rising demand for marital therapy serve as evidence that marriages are not succeeding. Factors contributing to marital dissatisfaction are mainly focused around communication. Many couples who experience communication apprehension also experience loneliness (Sadava & Matejcic, 1987). During the newlywed stage of marriage, the time of marriage before the birth of the first child, the couple is focused on the marriage and experimenting with different communication styles. Loneliness has been found in this stage of marriage (Sadava & Matejcic, 1987). The present study explored the relationship between communication apprehension, rhetorical sensitivity, and loneliness in early marriage. Forty couples were each given a demographic questionnaire, the UCLA-3 Loneliness Scale, the Personal Report of Spouse Communication Apprehension, and the Rhetorical Sensitivity Scale. Correlations were conducted on the data gathered to determine any significant relationships between the scores. The study found a significant relationship between communication apprehension and loneliness. It appears that the less communication apprehension an individual experiences within the marriage, the less loneliness that person also experiences. No significant relationships were found between rhetorical sensitivity and loneliness or rhetorical sensitivity and communication apprehension.
Portraits of the Ingenuous
Authors:   , Jacobson Jeffrey
Published: February 2023

I view the figure as an inexhaustible source of subject matter and inspiration due, in part, to its wide range of viewer accessibility. In this exhibition I have attempted to portray an often ignored aspect of the human condition; namely the innately ingenuous. The sitters are portrayed as they are. Formalistic considerations and embellishments were kept to a minimum as it was felt they would degrade the relationship and honesty of the complete undertaking.
The Introduction of the Apprenticeship System to Jamaica : The First Period
Authors:   , Henry Ernel
Published: February 2023

After living under the dominance of the white planters, the Negroes of Jamaica and other West Indian Islands became dependent on their masters for all that was necessary for the sustenance of life. However, when the atrocities of slavery became unbearable, and the sugar industry was no longer profitable to the masses of the British population, it became necessary to end the system. The conviction of the British government was that there must be a gradual emancipation in order to acquaint the Negroes with the life and responsibilities of free men. An experimental arrangement was introduced to implement the new idea, called the Apprenticeship system. The system was to cover an expanse of ten years but, after four years, it was disbanded as a failure. The first period which was the most important one was a failure. The Apprenticeship Experiment failed in Jamaica because of the Planters contempt for the new system. For the best function of the system it was necessary to have the cooperation of both ex-slaves and ex-masters. There was not enough cooperation among the parties involved to make the experiment work. It is hoped that by considering the apprenticeship in Jamaica in terms of the planters’ attitude towards the apprentices it will explain why the experiment could not be a success. It will be seen that if the masters were not so cruel to their ex-slaves a more acceptable result would come out of the four years of practice citizenship.
Effects of Imitation, Reinforcement, and Concurrent Training in Increasing Speech in a Non-Verbal Child
Authors:   , Petty John
Published: February 2023

A non-verbal child was conditioned by operant techniques to imitate verbal items and name objects in pictures. The subject was rewarded for accurate imitations of the training items. Training was done by the concurrent method in which three items were learned to criterion before another group of three items was presented. There were three experimental conditions. In Condition One, the subject was rewarded for correctly imitating a word. Reinforcement in Condition Two was contingent upon the subject being able to name an object in a picture. A single session of preemptive reinforcement followed Condition Two. Condition Three was the imitation of word phrases. The subject attained high rates of correct responses during Conditions One and Two and demonstrated some ability to imitate word phrases in Condition Three. An increase of correct verbalizations was noted at the end of the training program. Generalization effects were not noted. The study indicates the effectiveness of operant techniques in increasing speech in non-verbal children. It also suggests the importance of continued operant training for some subjects by teaching parents the training method and continuing the reinforcement program in the home.
The Effects of a Nine Week Physical Fitness Education Program on Attitudes Toward Physical Activity and Exercise in Obese Females
Authors:   , Maska Nancy
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a nine week physical fitness education program on attitudes toward physical activity and exercise in obese females. Thirty- eight women, aged 20 to 50, participated in the nine week study. The study comprised of one experimental group of obese females, one control group of obese females, and one control group of randomly selected females. All three of the groups were pretested and post-tested using the Corbin Attitude Test. The experimental group received a nine week educational program consisting of fitness concepts. Results from the ANCOVA suggested that there is no significant relationship between physical fitness education and attitudes toward physical activity and exercise in obese females.
Effects of Directed Verbal Conditioning on Self-Ideal Discrepancies
Authors:   , Birney Sherman
Published: February 2023

This research was conducted to determine if a discrepancy between self and ideal-self concepts could be effectively reduced by a verbal conditioning technique. Subjects were selected on the basis of manifesting a self-ideal discrepancy of one standard deviation or more as measured by the Leary Interpersonal Check List. The subjects were then divided into two groups, equated on the basis of sex, age, and amount of discrepancy. One group was reinforced for statements about the ideal-self in three different discussion sessions; the other was subjected to experimental conditions but received no reinforcement. A second check list was then administered and scored to determine what changes occurred. All data were analyzed by a chi square design. Results indicated that the experimental group showed more decrease in discrepancy than the control group, and that a decrease was the most prevalent result within the experimental group. It was also noted that within the experimental group the movement was form post-conditioning ideal to pre-conditioning self. The results are a demonstration of what self-theorists assert is necessary for successful psychotherapy.
Art Therapy: a selective psychotherapeutic sample
Authors:   , Von Schriltz Kent
Published: February 2023

This paper investigates art therapy techniques. The author describes and clarifies a selective sample of art therapy techniques: art therapy with children, family art therapy, art therapy with geriatric clients, and multipurpose techniques. As a field of study, art therapy was divided by the author into three general classifications: (1) art psychotherapy, (2) structural or rehabilitative art therapy, and (3) psychoeducational or functional art therapy. The reference source for all published works used in this study was Grant and Schmal (1974 ) . No art therapy books were consulted, nor were journal articles that dealt only in theory. The specific journal articles used were those that provided information about art therapy techniques.
The Expatriate at Home : The Spirit of Expatriatism in Selected Fiction Published in the Dial, 1920-1929
Authors:   , Forbes Shari
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this thesis is to explore the use of the expatriate hero as an expression of the spirit of expatriatism through a critical analysis of six selected stories published in The Dial during the twenties. The content of the thesis includes a preface and two chapters. The first chapter, “The Expatriate and the Advance Guard”, is divided into two sub-sections. The first of these, under the sub-title “Tumbleweeds and Misfits”, is a discussion of the causes and characteristics of expatriatism in the twenties. The second section, “Something New Under the Sun”, focuses upon the advance guard magazine with special emphasis on The Dial as an important vehicle for the publication of expatriate writing. The second and most vital chapter, “Echoes of Expatriatism”, presents an analysis of the expatriate hero in six stories selected form 1920s Dial fiction. The stories analyzed are Kenneth Burke’s “Mrs. Maecenas”, Sherwood Anderson’s “The Door of the Trap”, Clarkson Crane’s “The Fall of Soissons”, Conrad Aiken’s “The Last Visit”, Elizabeth Coatsworth’s “The End of the World”, and Glenway Wescott’s “In a Thicket”. A conclusion appears at the end of this chapter which sums up the findings of the analyses. The critical analyses of the six selected stories for The Dial show the emergence of the expatriate hero as a dramatic expression of certain expatriate attitudes including the expatriate’s sense of being cut off form the past, his emphasis upon personal vision, his emphasis upon personal vision, his alienation and detachment from his world, his sense of boredom, his desire to formulate new codes to replace those in which he could no longer believe, and his need to devise rituals to enable him to live in a world he neither understand nor believes in.