bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The developmental relationship between teeth and dermal odontodes in the most primitive bony fish Lophosteus
Authors: Chen Donglei , Blom Henning , Sanchez Sophie , Tafforeau Paul , Märss Tiiu , Ahlberg Per E
Published: December 2020

The ontogenetic trajectory of a marginal jawbone ofLophosteus superbus(Late Silurian, 422 Million years old), the phylogenetically most basal stem osteichthyan, visualized by synchrotron microtomography, reveals a developmental relationship between teeth and dermal odontodes that is not evident from the adult morphology. The earliest odontodes are two longitudinal founder ridges formed at the ossification center. Subsequent odontodes that are added lingually to the ridges turn into conical teeth and undergo cyclic replacement, while those added labially achieve a stellate appearance. Stellate odontodes deposited directly on the bony plate are aligned with the alternate files of teeth, whereas new tooth positions are inserted into the files of sequential addition when a gap appears. Successive teeth and overgrowing odontodes show hybrid morphologies around the oral-dermal boundary, suggesting signal cross-communication. We propose that teeth and dermal odontodes are modifications of a single system, regulated and differentiated by the oral and dermal epithelia.
Quantitative glycoproteomics reveals cellular substrate selectivity of the ER protein quality control sensors UGGT1 and UGGT2
Authors: Adams Benjamin M , Canniff Nathan P , Guay Kevin P , Larsen Ida Signe Bohse , Hebert Daniel N
Published: December 2020

UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT) 1 and 2 are central hubs in the chaperone network of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), acting as gatekeepers to the early secretory pathway, yet little is known about their cellular clients. These two quality control sensors control lectin chaperone binding and glycoprotein egress from the ER. A quantitative glycoproteomics strategy was deployed to identify cellular substrates of the UGGTs at endogenous levels in CRISPR-edited HEK293 cells. The 71 UGGT substrates identified were mainly large multidomain and heavily glycosylated proteins when compared to the general N-glycoproteome. UGGT1 was the dominant glucosyltransferase with a preference toward large plasma membrane proteins whereas UGGT2 favored the modification of smaller, soluble lysosomal proteins. This study sheds light on differential specificities and roles of UGGT1 and UGGT2 and provides insight into the cellular reliance on the carbohydrate-dependent chaperone system to facilitate proper folding and maturation of the cellular N-glycoproteome.
Description of the microbiota in epidermal mucus and skin of sharks (Ginglymostoma cirratum and Negaprion brevirostris) and one stingray (Hypanus americanus)
Authors: Caballero Susana , Galeano Ana Maria , Lozano Juan Diego , Vives Martha
Published: December 2020

Skin mucus in fish is the first barrier between the organism and the environment but the role of skin mucus in protecting fish against pathogens is not well understood. During copulation in sharks, the male bites the female generating wounds, which are then highly likely to become infected by opportunistic bacteria from the water or from the male shark’s mouth. Describing the microbial component of epithelial mucus may allow future understanding of this first line of defense in sharks. In this study, we analyzed mucus and skin samples obtained from 19 individuals of two shark species and a stingray: the nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum), the lemon shark (Negaprion brevirostris) and the southern stingray (Hypanus americanus). Total DNA was extracted from all samples, and the bacterial 16S rRNA gene (region V3-V4) was amplified and sequenced on the Ion Torrent Platform. Bacterial diversity (order) was higher in skin and mucus than in water. Order composition was more similar between the two shark species. Alpha-diversities (Shannon and Simpson) for OTUs (clusters of sequences defined by a 97% identity threshold for the16S rRNA gene) were high and there were non-significant differences between elasmobranch species or types of samples. We found orders of potentially pathogenic bacteria in water samples collected from the area where the animals were found, such as Pasteurellales (i.e., genus Pasteurella spp. and Haemophilus spp.) and Oceanospirillales (i.e., genus Halomonas spp.) but these were not found in the skin or mucus samples from any species. Some bacterial orders, such as Flavobacteriales, Vibrionales (i.e., genus Pseudoalteromonas), Lactobacillales and Bacillales were found only in mucus and skin samples. However, in a co-occurrence analyses, no significant relationship was found among these orders (strength less than 0.6, p-value > 0.01) but significant relationships were found among the order Trembayales, Fusobacteriales, and some previously described marine environmental Bacteria and Archaea, including Elusimicrobiales, Thermoproteales, Deinococcales and Desulfarculales. This is the first study focusing on elasmobranch microbial communities. The functional role and the benefits of these bacteria still needs understanding as well as the potential changes to microbial communities as a result of changing environmental conditions.
Fungal survival under temperature stress: a proteomic perspective
Authors: Abu Bakar Nurlizah , Karsani Saiful Anuar , Alias Siti Aisyah
Published: December 2020

Background

Increases in knowledge of climate change generally, and its impact on agricultural industries specifically, have led to a greater research effort aimed at improving understanding of the role of fungi in various fields. Fungi play a key role in soil ecosystems as the primary agent of decomposition, recycling of organic nutrients. Fungi also include important pathogens of plants, insects, bacteria, domestic animals and humans, thus highlighting their importance in many contexts. Temperature directly affects fungal growth and protein dynamics, which ultimately will cascade through to affect crop performance. To study changes in the global protein complement of fungi, proteomic approaches have been used to examine links between temperature stress and fungal proteomic profiles.

Survey methodology and objectives

A traditional rather than a systematic review approach was taken to focus on fungal responses to temperature stress elucidated using proteomic approaches. The effects of temperature stress on fungal metabolic pathways and, in particular, heat shock proteins (HSPs) are discussed. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the effects of temperature stress on fungal proteomes.

Concluding remarks

Elucidating fungal proteomic response under temperature stress is useful in the context of increasing understanding of fungal sensitivity and resilience to the challenges posed by contemporary climate change processes. Although useful, a more thorough work is needed such as combining data from multiple -omics platforms in order to develop deeper understanding of the factor influencing and controlling cell physiology. This information can be beneficial to identify potential biomarkers for monitoring environmental changes in soil, including the agricultural ecosystems vital to human society and economy.
Climatic niche comparison between closely related trans-Palearctic species of the genusOrthocephalus(Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae)
Authors: Namyatova Anna A.
Published: December 2020

Previously climatic niche modelling had been studied for only a few trans-Palearctic species. It is unclear whether and to what extent those niches are different, and which climatic variables influence such a wide distribution. Here, environmental niche modelling is performed based on the Worldclim variables using Maxent for eight species of the genusOrthocephalus(Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae). This group belongs to one of the largest insect families and it is distributed across Palearctic.Orthocephalus bivittatus,O. brevis,O. saltatorandO. vittipennisare distributed across Europe and Asia;O. coriaceus,O. fulvipes,O. funestus,O. proserpinaehave more limited distribution. Niche comparison using ENMTools was also undertaken to compare the niches of these species, and to test whether the niches of closely related species with trans-Palearctic distributions are more similar to each other, than to other congeners. It has been found that climatic niche models of all trans-Palearctic species under study are similar but are not identical to each other. This has been supported by niche geographic projections, climatic variables contributing to the models and variable ranges. Climatic niche models of all the trans-PalearcticOrthocephalusspecies are also very similar to two species having more restricted distribution (O. coriaceus,O. funestus). Results of this study suggest that trans-Palearctic distributions can have different geographic ranges and be shaped by different climatic factors.
Biochar, Bentonite and Potassium Humate Effects on Saline Soil Properties and Nitrogen Loss
Authors: Abdeen S. A.
Published: December 2020

Aim: In order to study the effect of biochar, bentonite and potassium humate on saline soil characteristics, barley growth and nitrogen loss, a column experiment was conducted. Addition of the above mention materials was hypothesized to improve the characteristics of saline soil and decrease nitrogen loss in the leachate solution.

Place and Duration of Study: Farm of Soils and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt during the winter season of 2019.

Methodology: Biochar and bentonite were added with rates 0, 5 and 10 g.kg-1; and the rates of potassium humate were 0, 5 and 10 mg.kg-1. Excess irrigations were implemented three times (on 12th, 24th, 36th days) during growing season. Leachate solution was collected after each excess irrigation from each column to determine nitrogen loss.

Results: Main results show that total organic carbon and soil porosity were increased by increasing the addition rates of the studied materials, especially at the high rates of biochar and bentonite. Also, the availability of water significantly increased. Addition of biochar and bentonite gave the highest decreasing in leachate solution volume. Nitrogen loss was decreased significantly at the highest rates of the studied materials, where the decrement percentage in leachate solution reached at 36.07%, 35.82 and 23.81 at the highest rates of biochar, bentonite and potassium humate, respectively. That led to increasing the retention of available nitrogen in saline soil. Fresh and dry weights of barley plants were increased significantly by increasing the addition rates of all amended materials. Macronutrients (NPK) content and uptake were increased significantly by increasing the addition rates of the studied materials.

Conclusion: Research results proved that changes in soil properties caused a significant increase in barley growth and nutrients uptake. Addition of biochar and bentonite were the best option for improving saline soil properties, barley growth and nutrients uptake and reduce nitrogen loss by improving nitrogen retention and decreasing the leachate volume.
RT-PCR Mediated Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Patients from Particular Regions of Bangladesh and the Multi-factorial Analysis Considering Their Pre and Post Infection Health Conditions
Authors: Akter Kazi Mahmuda , Tushi Tanjum , Jahan Mily Sabrina , Mohona Rashenda Aziz , Anis Samin , Chakraborty Adittya Kishor , Tabassum Elmee , Islam Tahmid Ul , Akhi Ozifatun Jannat , Nishe Israt Sultana , Laxy Badrun Nahar , Zerin Sanjida Sultana , Roble Abdiqani Jama , Hossain Md. Imran , Ahmed Sharmin , Azad Salauddin Al
Published: December 2020

Background: SARS-CoV-2 is a type of coronavirus shows bizarre features with fatality rates at 34.4%. The clinical and non-clinical features of COVID-19 might be causative factors for more rapid community spreading compared to MERS and SARS-CoV-1.

Objectives: To study the efficacy of RT-PCR based detection of SARS-CoV-2 patients. Besides, the patients' pre and post-infection health conditions depending on selective clinical and nonclinical parameters were analyzed.

Materials and Methods:  Clinical and non- clinical data were collected from 205 randomly selected COVID-19 patients, identified through RT-PCR from different areas of Bangladesh. The data were analyzed using statistical and analytical tools to illustrate the impact of the pandemic situation on the sufferers. 

Results: Molecular identification of the patients through RT-PCR has been observed as the most efficient option for detecting SARS-CoV-2 patients. Patients with the smoking habit have been reported to be more prone to the COVID-19 infection; surprisingly the non-smoker female was the worse suffers. The patients aged 60-69 years were the worst sufferers with every adverse health conditions mentioned. Professionally, 28% self-employed male and 8.19% female were infected. The most infected individuals were house wife (32.029%), as next to the health care workers (22.1%). With the increased age group, a decreased number of smokers were found.               Nebulization of 5% home and 12% hospital treated patients were provided, with Oxygen for 26% of hospitalized patients. After recovery, combined physical and psychological complications were observed in 19% of male and 11% female. The socioeconomic, environmental and geographical annotations exposed a clear relationship with the rate of infection as revealed from the nonclinical data analysis.

Conclusion: RT-PCR proved its specialty in COVID-19 detection. In addition, impacts of different clinical and nonclinical factors on the physical conditions of the nCoV patients were found significant in the research.
Phyto-chemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.-A Review
Authors: Bedi P. S. , Bekele Mekedes , Gure Gamada
Published: December 2020

In present study the literature available on Phyto-chemistry and pharmacological activities of plant Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linn. has been studied extensively to review the scientific data in this paper. Major chemical components of the plant Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. are steroids, hibiscin, tannins, carbohydrates and flavonoids. It is being used as herbal drink in the form of hot and cold beverages, as a flavoring agent in the food industry as it contains mallic acid, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid and minerals, especially calcium and iron. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. is a good antioxidant as it is rich in phenolic compounds. Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linn. is being used in the treatment of various diseases like liver, renal, neurological, diabetes, cardiovascular and cancer. It is one of the most important constituents among the widely used herbal formulations as it has wide ethno medicinal use. Leaves of this plant are used orally for the treatment of stomachic and as an emollient externally. They are mainly used as ant-diuretic and anthelmentic. Its decoction is used in the treatment of cough and high blood pressure.
Effect of Farmyard Manure Application on Yield and Some Quality Characteristics of Popcorn (Zea mays L. everta Sturt) at the Organic Farming
Authors: Oktem Ayse Gulgun , Oktem Abdullah
Published: December 2020

Aims: It was aimed to determine the effect of different levels of farmyard manure on yield and quality attributes of the popcorn (Zea mays L. everta Sturt) grown under second crop conditions.

Study Design: The experiment was set up according to randomized complete blocks experimental design with 3 replicates.

Place and Duration of Study: Research was conducted in 2018 under Harran Plain conditions as second crop, Sanliurfa, Turkey.

Methodology: Antcin hybrid popcorn variety was used as a plant material. Farmyard manure (FYM) applications were 0 (control), 1 tone da-1 FYM, 2 tone da-1 FYM, 3 tone da-1 FYM, 4 tone da-1 FYM, 5 tone da-1 FYM and 6 tone da-1 FYM. In study, plant height, stem diameter, grain yield, 1000 kernel weight, popping volume and protein ratio values were researched.

Results: Farmyard manure levels were significant in all tested characteristics. Farmyard manure levels effected positively on plant height (P≤0.05), stem diameter, grain yield, 1000 kernel weight, popping volume and protein ratio (P≤0.01). The highest plant height value was seen 6 tone da-1 application of FYM application whereas the lowest plant height value was found at control parcel. Stem diameter value ranged from 19.33 mm (control) to 23.87 mm (5 tone da-1 FYM). The highest grain yield value obtained from 6 tone da-1 FYM (489.71 kg da-1) while the lowest value was seen at control parcel (219.95 kg da-1). But 4, 5 and 6 tone da-1 FYM applications were found in same statistical groups. 1000 kernel weight values ranged from 159.60 g to 204.67 g. The highest popping volume value was seen 6 tone da-1 FYM treatment. Protein ratio (%) values ranged from % 9.27 to %14.01. The highest protein ratio was obtained from 6 tone da-1 FYM while the lowest protein ratio value was found at control parcel.

Conclusion: All farmyard manure levels effected positively on plant height, stem diameter, grain yield, popping volume and protein ratio. The highest grain yield value was seen at 6 tone da-1 FYM. But, 4, 5 and 6 tone da-1 FYM treatments were in the same statistical groups. There was no statistically significant increase in grain yield after 4 tone da-1 farmyard application (478.57 kg da-1). According to research results, considering grain yield, popping volume and protein ratio values, 4 tone da-1 farmyard manure was seen sufficient in organic popcorn cultivation.
Thinking beyond Tuberculosis: A Case Report
Authors: Ahmed Tauheed , Khator Sanjay , Kamath Sangita D , Samanta Rudra Prasad
Published: December 2020

Aspergilloma describes the saprophytic colonization of an area of devitalized lung tissue. It usually develops in pre-existing pulmonary cavities caused by tuberculosis, sarcoidosis and other such conditions. It is found in almost 15% to 25% of patients with cavitatory lesions resulting from tuberculosis. In developing countries with high prevalence of tuberculosis, like India, aspergilloma is often misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. Hemoptysis is often equated with TB, and most patients are diagnosed clinically. Here we report one such case of a 56 year old male patient with past history of tuberculosis, who was initially diagnosed and being treated as a relapse of tuberculosis on the basis of hemoptysis and chest radiograph findings, till further detailed investigations revealed an aspergilloma in a post tubercular cavity as the cause of his symptoms.
Perception and Acceptance of the Doctor of Medical Laboratory Science (MLSD) Degree (A Professional Doctorate Degree) among Medical Laboratory Scientists in Nigeria
Authors: Amadi Kemzi N. Elechi- , Briggs Ojoye N. , Ugochi Valerie E. , Uchejeso Obeta M. , Yakubu Abdulsalam
Published: December 2020

Background: The practice of Medical Laboratory Science has witnessed advancement globally, with increasing need for laboratory input in modern healthcare delivery. This has brought about the need for advanced education and training for practitioners of Medical Laboratory Science.

Objectives: This descriptive, cross-sectional study assessed the perception and acceptance of the Doctor of Medical Laboratory Science (MLSD) degree among Medical Laboratory Scientists in Nigeria.

Methods: The study involved five hundred (500) Medical Laboratory Scientists across Nigeria, who participated based on informed consent. The survey instrument was a structured questionnaire that contained demographic information and 16 items which the respondents responded to.

Results: Out of the 500 respondents, 380(76%) were male while 120(24%) were female, with majority of them within 20 to 49 years of age. On the perception of the MLSD degree, 355(71%) of the respondents agreed that MLSD will increase employment opportunities for practitioners, 460(92%) agreed that it will offer practitioners enhanced emoluments while 490(98%) agreed that MLSD will enhance the knowledge base and clinical expertise of practitioners. Also, 400(80%) agreed that MLSD will help reduce quackery and impersonation of Medical Laboratory Scientists, 485(97%) agreed that it will enhance the prestige of the profession, 470(94%) agreed that it will enhance laboratory diagnosis and biomedical research. Data on acceptance show that 420(84%) of the respondents indicated that they would like to obtain the MLSD degree, 345(69%) will like one of their children to obtain the MLSD degree, 305(61%) do not support quasi-specialization in MLSD, 445(89%) agreed that MLSD without quasi-specialization will broaden the clinical knowledge and skills of practitioners and improve patient-care while 415(83%) believe that the MLSD without quasi-specialization will give more meaning to postgraduate specialization.

Conclusion: It is concluded that the MLSD has positive perception and acceptance among Medical Laboratory Scientists in Nigeria. Therefore, MLSD is recommended for adoption and implementation for the training of Medical Laboratory Scientists in Nigerian universities.
Improving the Recombinant Protein Expression of Human Galectin-3 in BL21 Bacterial Host System
Authors: Vemuri Praveen Kumar , Varakala Nikhil Reddy , Dhakate Divyanshu , Ravavarapu Tripura , Dumpala Faina Philberta , Muddana Susmita Sri , Bommepalli Haritha , Modiboyana Spurthi
Published: December 2020

Background: Regardless of the broad explore in the territory of glycobiology concerning structure and capacity of glycans, lectins and glycosylation forms, numerous viewpoints are still left unexplored.

Aim: In this study, we analyzed the effect of shuttle vector on the secretion of human galectin recombinant protein.

Methods: The galectin was expressed in E. coli BL21 by growing the bacterial culture in SOC medium and purified by nickel-based affinity chromatography due to its His-tag.

Results: After cell lysis the protein was identified as a single 29 KDa band by 12% SDS-PAGE. Conclusion: Characterization studies clearly revealed that the purified protein was indeed galectin 3.
Potential of Oilseeds Native to Amazon and Brazilian Cerrado Biomes: Benefits, Chemical and Functional Properties, and Extraction Methods
Authors: Cornelio‐Santiago Heber P. , Bodini Renata Barbosa , de Oliveira Alessandra Lopes
Published: December 2020

The primary objective of this study was to shed greater light on the characteristics and multifaceted potential of oil extracts from kernels of Bertholletia excelsa (Brazil nut), seeds of the Plukenetia species and Caryocar species. These are but a few of the multitude of the plant species found in the Amazon and Brazil's Cerrado biomes. They have many substantial organoleptic, nutritional, and functional properties that are comparable or exceed better known oils, and they manifest health benefits and prospective economic opportunities as an oil source for foods, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. It is also hoped that this study gives rise to further research that may be beneficial to the industry and improve the local economies where these raw materials are found.
Projected impact of mandatory food fortification with folic acid on neurosurgical capacity needed for treating spina bifida in Ethiopia
Authors: Kancherla Vijaya , Koning Jan , Biluts Hagos , Woldemariam Mersha , Kibruyisfaw Zewdie , Belete Addisalem , Koning Marinus
Published: December 2020

Spina bifida, also known as meningomyelocele, is a major birth defect mostly associated with folate deficiency in the mother early in pregnancy. The prevalence of spina bifida is disproportionately high in Ethiopia compared to the global average; about 10,500 liveborn are affected annually. Many affected infants do not receive timely repair surgery. There are a high number of stillbirths, and neonatal, infant, and under‐five deaths. Mandatory fortification of staple foods such as wheat and maize flour with folic acid, a B vitamin, is an effective primary prevention strategy for spina bifida. Survival in those with spina bifida increases if neurosurgical intervention is available soon after birth, along with continuous surgical and clinical aftercare throughout the lifespan. Currently, Ethiopia does not have mandatory food fortification for primary prevention or adequate neurosurgical capacity to meet the need to prevent adverse outcomes associated with spina bifida. We present in this paper two concurrent and complementary policy and practice solutions occurring in Ethiopia through global partnerships: (1) capacity‐building of neurosurgery care through training programs; and (2) promoting national mandatory folic acid fortification of staples for primary prevention of spina bifida. These two policy and practice interventions ensure all affected infants can receive timely pediatric neurosurgery and sustained surgical aftercare through required neurosurgeon availability, and ensure primary prevention of spina bifida. Primary prevention of spina bifida frees up significant neurosurgical capacity in resource‐poor settings that can then be directed to other critical neurosurgical needs thus lowering child mortality and morbidity.
Serum antinuclear antibodies associate with worse prognosis in AQP4‐positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Fan Rong , Zhang Yuefeng , Xu Yunqi , Tong Jiayi , Chen Zhigang , Gu Meifeng , Fan Wenkui , Chen Yong , Peng Fuhua , Jiang Ying
Published: December 2020

Background

Studies have demonstrated that antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) may be correlated with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). However, the conflicting results of studies about the value of ANAs in AQP4 antibody‐positive NMOSD patients need to be further investigated.

Material

Case data were collected from 143 patients with AQP4 antibody‐positive NMOSD. Patients were divided into two groups based on the ANA test results. The analysis of clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, and MRI examination results were compared between two groups: the NMOSD patients with ANA (+) and with ANA (−).

Results

Disease duration of NMOSD is shorter in the ANA (+) patients with EDSS < 4 than in the ANA (−) patients (12.05 ± 16.73 versus 29.43 ± 41.03, p‐value = .013). The median time from disease onset to an EDSS score of 4.0 is significantly longer in the ANA (−) NMOSD patients than in the ANA (+) patients (48.2 months versus 24 months, p = .04). In addition, ANA (RR, 2.234; 95% CI, 1.078–4.629; p‐value = .031) can predict the severity of NMOSD.

Conclusions

Antinuclear antibodies seem to be associated with more severe disease activity in NMOSD patients.
Know how to balance student privacy, health in pandemic
Authors: Javanshir Leila , Rice David
Published: December 2020

Institutions of higher education face the difficult challenge of balancing student privacy with public health concerns presented by the COVID‐19 pandemic. The following guidance addresses the most common questions institutions are facing today.
Randomized phase II trial of S‐1 plus cisplatin or docetaxel plus cisplatin with concurrent thoracic radiotherapy for inoperable stage III non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Shimokawa Tsuneo , Yamada Kazuhiko , Tanaka Hiroshi , Kubota Kaoru , Takiguchi Yuichi , Kishi Kazuma , Saito Haruhiro , Hosomi Yukio , Kato Terufumi , Harada Daijiro , Otani Sakiko , Kasai Takashi , Nakamura Yoichi , Misumi Toshihiro , Yamanaka Takeharu , Okamoto Hiroaki
Published: December 2020

Cisplatin‐based chemoradiotherapy is considered standard treatment for unresectable locally advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (LA‐NSCLC). This study examined two regimens of chemotherapy in concurrent chemoradiation. Eligible patients with unresectable, radically irradible LA‐NSCLC were randomized to either the SP (S‐1 and cisplatin) or DP (docetaxel and cisplatin) arms with concurrent thoracic radiotherapy of 60 Gy, comprising 2 Gy per daily fraction. The primary endpoint was the overall survival (OS) rate at 2 years (the 2‐year OS rate). From May 2011 to August 2014, 110 patients were enrolled. Of 106 eligible patients, the 2‐year OS rates were 79% (95% CI: 66%–88%) and 69% (95% CI: 55%–80%) the SP and DP arms, respectively. The median progression‐free survival was 11.6 months for the SP arm and 19.9 months for the DP arm, while the median survival time was 55.2 months for the SP arm and 50.8 months for the DP arm. Grade 3/4 leukopenia were more frequent in DP arm. The incidences of febrile neutropenia and pneumonitis tended to be higher in DP arm. There were no treatment‐related deaths in either arm. The primary endpoint was met in both arms. The SP arm as a future reference regimen will be chosen due to fewer toxicities and better OS.
Nano‐based methods for novel coronavirus 2019 (2019‐nCoV) diagnosis: A review
Authors: Rahimkhoei Vahid , Rezaie Jafar , Akbari Ali , Nourani Aynaz , Jabbari Nassrollah , Lighvan Zohreh Mehri , Amini Mojtaba
Published: December 2020

Today, tremendous attention has been devoted to a new coronavirus, SARS‐CoV‐2 (2019‐nCoV), due to severe effects on the global public in all over the world. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of 2019‐nCoV are important for early treatment and cutting off epidemic transmission. In this regard, laboratory detection protocols, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and computed tomography (CT) examination, have been utilized broadly for 2019‐nCoV detection. Recently, nano‐based methods for 2019‐nCoV diagnoses are rapidly expanding and declaring comparable results with PCR and CT. In this review, recent advances in nano‐based techniques have been highlighted and compared briefly with PCR and CT as well‐known methods for 2019‐nCoV detection.
Effect of Ba and CN Additives on the Catalytic Performance of Co/Al2O3 in Fischer−Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Guo Shupeng , Niu Congcong , Ma Zhongyi , Wang Jungang , Hou Bo , Jia Litao , Li Debao
Published: December 2020

A simple and effective method to modify Co/Al2O3 catalyst to improve the catalytic performance in Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis reaction is described. It is found that the electron density on the cobalt surface increases via electron donation from the dopant Ba and CN species, leading to an enhanced C5+ selectivity and C3 o/p ratio. However, the presence of Ba increases the cobalt crystalline size while the introduction of CN species leads to the formation of smaller cobalt nanoparticles and greatly increases their dispersion, thus resulting in a different distribution of heavy hydrocarbon products. Our work offers a new avenue to obtain catalyst with high activity and selectivity.
Photoelectrochemical Complete Decomposition of Cellulose for Electric Power Generation
Authors: Kageshima Yosuke , Yoshimura Takumi , Koh Sangho , Mizuno Masahiro , Teshima Katsuya , Nishikiori Hiromasa
Published: December 2020

A photo‐assisted fuel cell (photofuel cell; PFC) consisting of a porous TiO2 photoanode and a Pt cathode in an aqueous electrolyte containing an organic fuel has been developed to generate an electric power by photoelectrochemically decomposing the fuel. Although direct utilization of cellulose as a fuel should be preferable, photocatalytic direct decomposition of cellulose, polymeric macromolecules, has been rarely reported. In the present study, a cellulose thin film deposited onto the TiO2 photoanode was used as the fuel. It was revealed that the cellulose was decomposed into CO2 through small carbonyl hydrocarbon intermediates. The complete decomposition of cellulose into CO2 implies that almost all the Gibbs free energy of cellulose can be converted into an electric power with the assistance of the photon energy. The PFC composed of the cellulose‐deposited TiO2 and Pt‐deposited Ni foam exhibited excellent photovoltaic performances (1.1 V of photovoltage and quantum efficiency up to 52 %). The present study should represent a potential means of electric power generation based on renewable energy sources by effectively treating waste biomass.
Age, sex, and regional differences in scavenger receptor CD36 in the mouse brain: Potential relevance to cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Edler Melissa K. , Johnson Cooper T. , Ahmed Hashim S. , Richardson Jason R.
Published: December 2020

Scavenger receptor CD36 contributes significantly to lipid homeostasis, inflammation, and amyloid deposition, while CD36 deficiency is associated with restored cerebrovascular function in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model. Yet the distribution of CD36 has not been examined in the brain. Here, we characterized CD36 gene and protein expression in the brains of young, middle aged, aged, and elderly male and female C57BL/6J mice. Age‐related increases in CD36 mRNA expression were observed in the male hippocampus and female midbrain. Additionally, male mice had greater CD36 mRNA expression than females in the striatum, hippocampus, and midbrain. CD36 protein was primarily expressed intravascularly, and this expression differed by region, age, and sex in the mouse brain. Although male mice brains demonstrated an increase in CD36 protein with age in several cortices, basal ganglia, hippocampus, and midbrain, a decrease with age was observed in female mice in the same regions. These data suggest that distinctive age, region, and sex expression of CD36 in the brain may contribute to Aβ deposition and neuroinflammation in AD.
COVID‐19 disproportionately impacts students with disabilities across all sectors
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: December 2020

T he COVID‐19 pandemic has affected students with disabilities at large public research institutions more than their peers, according to a survey conducted by the Student Experience in the Research University Consortium. Researchers surveyed more than 30,000 students at nine large public universities, and the survey was administered between May and July 2020. The survey examined the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on five areas of student well‐being: the ease of transition to remote learning, the financial impact of COVID‐19, students’ health during the pandemic, students’ feeling of belonging and engagement, and their future plans post‐COVID‐19.
Square‐wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Method for Novelty Detection of Bismuth Extracted by Aqueous Two‐phase Systems
Authors: Bettio B. Guilherme , Okumura Leonardo L. , Zacché Danillo S. , Chagas Francielle O. , Hespanhol Maria C.
Published: December 2020

In this work, a voltammetric sensor was used to monitor the concentration of bismuth extracted from an eutectic alloy of BiSn by aqueous two‐phase system. This strategy is a sustainable and economically viable way of recovering bismuth from secondary sources. In the aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS), biodegradable and non‐toxic constituents dispersed in water (major constituent) are used. For monitoring the extraction, bismuth was determined in the upper phase of the aqueous two‐phase system, which is rich in L35 copolymer, that causes attenuation of the electrochemical signal (anodic peak current). The electrode and operational parameters of the square‐wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) were evaluated according to the deposition and stripping processes of the bismuth on the surface of the carbon paste electrode (CPE). It was observed a similarity between the electrochemical response of the bismuth extracted by ATPS and with the standard solution of bismuth. The proposed method shows a linear range of 1.29–8.94 μmol L−1, limit of detection (1.07 μmol L−1) and limit of quantification (3.57 μmol L−1) and good precision (RSD%=2.27 %). This method was validated by comparing the results with Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS), using statistical tests to verify precision and accuracy. In conclusion, using a voltammetric sensor to monitor the concentration of bismuth extracted by ATPS proved to be an efficient method, in agreement with the concentrations of the referenced method.
Optimization under uncertainty for robust fuel cycle analyses
Authors: Skarbeli A. V. , Álvarez‐Velarde F. , Bécares V.
Published: December 2020

Optimization of nuclear fuel cycles is essential for experts and policy makers for studying and analyzing the future of the nuclear energy. In the case of advanced electronuclear transition scenarios, multiple parameters with a complex dependence have to be fine‐tuned in order to achieve a set of predefined objectives. However, in the presence of uncertainties the solutions obtained in this way may not be stable since small perturbations could break the delicate balance between different parts of the scenario. In this work, the optimization of an uncertainty European‐based sustainable transition scenario has been studied. This scenario, which has been analyzed with the TR_EVOL nuclear fuel cycle simulator system, is aimed at reducing the transuranic inventory masses while keeping the fuel cycle costs. To that end, an extension of the DEMO evolutionary multiobjective algorithm has been implemented within TR_EVOL for allowing the inclusion of constraints and uncertainties with a methodology that can be used by any fuel cycle simulator. Results show the importance of coupling optimization and uncertainty analyses due to the suboptimal and unstable solutions that can be obtained if not considered jointly. In addition, the uncertainties shrink the decision space. It was found that in their presence the transuranic mass can be reduced and stabilized by a factor ranging between 65% and 71% with an increase of the cost of 16% and 18.5% after 300 years of operation by using advanced systems when compared with an open fuel cycle strategy.
Treating cross‐sectional and time series momentum returns as forecasts
Authors: Kwon Oh Kang , Satchell Stephen
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we analyse theoretically the distributional properties and the forecastability of cross‐sectional momentum (CSM) and time series momentum (TSM) returns. By decomposing these returns into their fundamental building blocks, we expose their structural similarities and differences that shed valuable insights into the conditions under which one outperforms the other. Considering in detail the special case of two underlying assets, which captures much of the salient features of the general case, we provide explicit expressions for the probability density function and the first four moments of CSM and TSM returns. We then analyse and compare the performances of these momentum strategies using three different measures of predictability. Consistent with the findings in the empirical literature, all three measures draw the similar conclusion that TSM outperforms CSM when asset returns are positive and that this is primarily due to TSM being net long while CSM is net zero in the underlying assets in such situations.
Cryptocurrencies: A survey on acceptance, governance and market dynamics
Authors: Hairudin Aiman , Sifat Imtiaz Mohammad , Mohamad Azhar , Yusof Yusniliyana
Published: December 2020

This paper briefly overviews several challenging dimensions pertaining to cryptocurrencies with respect to their valuation, legitimacy, design, consensual acceptance and market‐based stylized facts with a view to understanding whether this new asset class indeed has the potential to become an alternative, or a replacement, to traditional fiat currencies. Our survey indicates that public embrace of cryptocurrencies continues to lag as the masses currently show reluctance in embracing cryptocurrencies as a complement, let alone a substitute to fiat counterparts. Governments have also successfully defended their sovereignty in preserving legal tender status, structural seigniorage and exclusivity. Market‐based studies hint at consistent inefficiencies across the spectrum. Furthermore, whether fundamental and mining factors determine cryptocurrencies' values remain unsettled. The most promising areas of research for crypto‐financial intelligentsia would be delving into establishing trial runs for central bank‐backed cryptocurrencies. In addition, we highlight that several methodological and data‐based obstacles remain in assessing the link between cryptocurrencies and their traditional rivals. This avenue remains a fertile ground for potential future research.
Functional interaction between long non‐coding RNA and microRNA in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Sheng Li , Nie Lei , Wen Xiaoyun , Mo Xiaodan
Published: December 2020

MicroRNA (miRNA) has received widespread attention for its role in several key cellular processes such as cell differentiation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autoimmune diseases. Although we now have a good understanding of miRNA expression and function, our knowledge regarding the molecular mechanism of long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) is still in its infancy. In this review, we will briefly introduce the definition and function of lncRNA and summarize the interactions between lncRNA and miRNA and their research progress in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The expression of miR‐16, miR‐146a, miR‐155, and miR‐223 and the interactions between HOTAIR and miR138, ZFAS1 and miR‐27a, and GAPLINC and miR‐575 are representative examples that may augment the understanding of the pathogenesis of RA and help in the development of new biomarkers and target therapies.
A survey of aortic disease biorepository participants’ preferences for return of research genetic results
Authors: Love‐Nichols Jamie , Uhlmann Wendy R. , Arscott Patricia , Willer Cristen , Hornsby Whitney , Roberts J. Scott
Published: December 2020

There is ongoing debate on whether and what research genetic results to return to study participants. To date, no study in this area has focused on aortopathy populations despite known genes that are clinically actionable. Participants (n = 225, 79% male, mean age = 61 years) with an aortopathy were surveyed to assess preferences for receiving research genetic results. Participants were ‘very’ or ‘extremely likely’ to want results for pathogenic variants in aortopathy genes with implications for family members (81%) or that would change medical management (76%). Similarly, participants were ‘very’ or ‘extremely likely’ to want actionable secondary findings related to cancer (75%) or other cardiac diseases (70%). Significantly lower interest was observed for non‐actionable findings—pathogenic variants in aortopathy genes that would not change medical management (51%) and variants of uncertain significance (38%) (p < .0001). Higher health and genomic literacy were positively associated with interest in actionable findings. Most participants (>63%) were accepting of any means of return; however, a substantial minority (18%–38%) deemed certain technological means unacceptable (e.g., patient portal). Over 90% of participants reported that a range of health professionals, including cardiovascular specialists, genetics specialists, and primary care providers, were acceptable to return results. Participants with aortopathies are highly interested in research genetic results perceived to be medically actionable for themselves or family members. Participants are accepting of a variety of means for returning results. Findings suggest that research participants should be asked what results are preferred at time of informed consent and that genetic counseling may clarify implications of results that are not personally medically actionable.
Rational Optimization of the Petasis Three‐Component Reaction as a Feasible Elementary Reaction in Polymer Chemistry
Authors: Takahashi Ryo , Kakuchi Ryohei
Published: December 2020

In this research, the Petasis three‐component reaction (Petasis‐3CR) among aromatic boronic acids, amines, and glyoxylic acids is feasibly optimized to seek integration with polymer synthesis. The Petasis‐3CR is expanded using protected boronic acids, bypassing the disadvantages of the polymers featuring boronic acids. Based on the modification, the Petasis‐3CR is now highly compatible with synthetic polymer chemistry, yielding poly (α‐amino acids), which are otherwise difficult to synthesize.
Lagrangian radial basis function‐based particle hydrodynamics method and its application for viscous flows
Authors: Liang Xu , Huang Decai , Wang Tao , Liu Zhen , Zhu Ronghua , Wang Lizhong , Huang Can
Published: December 2020

A Lagrangian radial basis function‐based particle hydrodynamics method (RBFPH) is proposed. In RBFPH method, the differential quadrature technique is combined with radial basis function (RBF) to obtain the meshless high‐dimensional derivative approximations for randomly distributed particles; a particular solution of RBF is chosen to ensure the positive definite of the interpolating matrix. Like the conventional RBF, RBFPH has the advantages of simple form, isotropy and high accuracy, and is suitable for numerical calculation. Moreover, all particles in RBFPH can move with the fluid, so RBFPH may conveniently compute complex flows with the moving boundary. A series of numerical examples are conducted to test the accuracy of RBFPH, and the results show the RBFPH has second‐order convergence, which shows its great advantage in terms of accuracy. The RBFPH is validated by its application to the simulations of Taylor–Green flow, lid driven shear cavity flows, stretching of a free‐surface circular fluid patch and flows around a cylinder. Excellent agreements with analytical solutions and reference results indicate that the proposed method has a promising application in simulating viscous flows with the moving boundary, large deformation, and free surface.
Study protocol for a multisite randomized controlled trial of an internet and mobile‐based intervention for preventing and reducing perinatal depressive symptoms
Authors: Kinser Patricia , Jallo Nancy , Huberty Jennifer , Jones Evelyn , Thacker Leroy , Moyer Sara , Laird Breanne , Rider Amy , Lanni Susan , Drozd Filip , Haga Silje
Published: December 2020

Nearly 20% of women in the United States experience clinically significant depressive symptoms during pregnancy or the postpartum period. These women may benefit from easily accessible, nonpharmacologic, and inexpensive self‐management approaches, such as via internet and mobile‐based interventions, to prevent development of symptoms and/or intervene with current symptoms. This paper summarizes the research protocol of a nationally‐funded large‐scale randomized controlled study to evaluate “Mamma Mia,” a self‐guided program with 44 modules that women use throughout pregnancy to 6 months postpartum. The program contains a novel combination of components designed to enable women to enhance self‐efficacy, emotional self‐regulation, and perceived social support. The overall goal of this three‐arm longitudinal randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of this self‐management approach in diverse women in the U.S. (n = 1950). Enrolled pregnant women will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) “Mamma Mia” alone, which is self‐guided; (2) “Mamma Mia Plus” in which participants engage in the “Mamma Mia” modules plus receive brief guided support from a registered nurse; or (3) usual prenatal/postpartum care. The first specific aim is to evaluate effects by group on the primary outcome of interest, depressive symptoms, over time. The second aim is to evaluate effects by group on subjective well‐being, anxiety, and stress. Using a conceptual framework based upon Individual and Family Self‐Management Theory, the third aim is to evaluate possible mediators (self‐efficacy, emotion self‐regulation, perceived support) and possible moderators (e.g., race/ethnicity, type of healthcare clinician) of this self‐management approach.