bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Video 3: What is the best shape for bees to store honey in a honey comb?
Authors: Schudel Ingrid
Published: September 2020

Intended audience: Year three primary school teachers and learners

This video is designed to help primary learners to wonder at the use of hexagons for making bee honey comb as an example of how we can see mathematics and unexpected order in nature. This is a fun way of introducing young learners to the honeycomb conjecture – a mathematical problem that has been challenging mathematicians for years. By building and filling different 3D prisms, learners learn about 3D shapes, the 2D shapes that make these up and are able to compare volumes and tessellation possibility between these shapes. Templates for the 3D shapes are included below this video .

The video is linked to the school curriculum in the following ways:

• Mathematics: Volume/capacity. In pre-school teachers are directed to encourage play with sand and water and different size containers exploring the concepts of more than and less than and ordering containers according to increasing capacity (the beginnings of understanding volume). By Grade 3 they are expected to use informal measurement such as number of cups, or number of spoons needed to fill a container. In this video learners can use informal measurement, count the number of lines on the measuring cylinder or actually read numbers on the cylinder if they have reached that level of counting.
• Mathematics: Tessellation. At Grade 3 learners are simply expected to know how different shapes fit together to make patterns. This will prepare them for understanding tesselation at higher Grades.
• Mathematics: Shapes. By Grade 3 learners need to know
* circles, triangles, squares, rectangles – we extend somewhat here by introducing hexagons
* how 3D shapes are made up of 2D shapes
* the difference between a cylinder and a rectangular prism – we extend this by elaborating 3 types of rectangular prism … triangular, square and hexagonal. Higher grades could also include an octagonal prism
• Life Skills: Science: Learning about insects

Resourcing this activity.
• Templates for supporting this activity – what is important is that each shape is made from the same length strip of carboard as the strip of cardboard represents a strip of wax. For a fair test we must use the same amount of wax to make each shape.
• How to adapt? You can use sand instead of the coloured salt crystals that we have used and any cardboard can be used and painted if you like. If you cannot get hold of a measuring cylinder, any narrow transparent container can be used (there is another video in this series which teaches you how to make a cylinder).
BED FOUNDATION PHASE VIDEOS (Bee Themed Videos)
Authors: Schudel Ingrid
Published: September 2020

BED FOUNDATION PHASE VIDEOS (Bee Themed Videos)
Lion Mountain Landslide in Non-urbanized Terrain: Changing the Myth of Landslide Occurrence in Western Sierra Leone
Authors: Lahai Yusuf A. , Kamara Dauda M. , Jalloh Chernoh M.
Published: September 2020

Freetown has documented one of the most devastating landslides in the world in 2017. Many debates in the media, few scientific papers and technical documents, have argued with eloquence ascertaining human factors, particularly deforestation and urbanization, as the dominant causative factor. This notion seems to be widely accepted for all other slides by the communities, government agencies and departments. Therefore, this work attempts to expand on existing public knowledge by demonstrating the less influential or insignificant human factors which can have impacts on certain landslide occurrences in the Freetown Layered-Complex. The representative landslide considered for this study occurred beyond the vicinity of urbanized zone. Therefore, to establish a clear understanding of the actual causative factors, fieldwork and laboratory investigations were undertaken. During the field survey, we assessed the rock type, discontinuities, geomorphology and hydrological influence of the landslide. The specific rock series underlying the landslide was confirmed through thin section analysis at the National Minerals Agency (NMA). DCP tests and laboratory analyses enhanced the derivation of geotechnical properties of the residual soil/regolith.This work systematically presented how natural conditions, such as: geology (rock types and tectonic signatures), geomorphology, hydrology and the geotechnical properties of the slope soil, have interplayed in the occurrence of the landslide event. In addition, the slip surface of the landslide occurred at a depth below the reach of plant activities (2.6 m). This information may help modify public messages by institutions and can be a source of useful information for the country’s Landslide Disaster Management Department (LDMD).
Herbal Remedies Used to Treat Skin Disorders in Arasankulam Region of Thoothukudi District in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Sundari A , Jayakumararaj R
Published: September 2020

As lacking in attention given to the ethnomedicinal plants to be used for the treatment of skin diseases in many areas, an ethnomedicinal study was carried out to enumerate the traditional uses followed to treat skin diseases among the people living in Arasankulam and Kottarakurichi villages located in Thoothukudi district of Tamil Nadu. The medicinal uses of 24 species belonging to 20 families were reported from the study area. Euphorbiaceae was noted as largest families comprising of 3 species each. Herbs (50.0%) were found more in number than other life forms of plants. Leaves (50.0%) were the mostly used plant part to prepare the medicine and paste (61.54%) was the dominant mode to treat the skin ailments. By this research work, it was also noted that a total of 6 plants were used to heal wound, 4 plants for the treatment of cut, 3 plants each to cure boil and eczema, 2 plants to treat heel crack and 1 plant each for abrasion, chicken pox, dandruff, itch, leprosy, lip crack, scabies, skin allergy, small pox and tumor. Further studies on phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of these plants will contribute new dimensions to these medicinal plants.

Keywords: Medicinal plants, Skin diseases, Arasankulam region, Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu.
Acute Toxicity Study of Anvillea Radiata Aqueous Extract in Albino Rats
Authors: BELAKREDAR Amal , HACHEM Kadda , BOUDOU Farouk , BENABDESSLEM Yasmina , MEGHERBI Aicha
Published: September 2020

Despite the popular use and the biological effects of Anvillea radiata, there are no studies or data about its safety. The aim of the present study was to assess the acute toxicity of A. radiata aqueous extract in vivo. A single dose of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.5 or 5 g/kg was administered to female rats by gavage. Body weight gain, general behavior and mortality were monitored for up to 2 weeks. Selected biochemical parameters, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and blood creatinine levels were determined, as well as, liver and kidney histology. Results showed no significant changes in body weight gain and organ indexes with no mortality during the experimentation period. A significant increase in AST and ALT levels were observed in 2.5 and 5 g/kg extract treated groups, and a significant decrease in BUN and creatinine levels in 1, 1.5, 2.5 or 5g/kg extract treated groups compared to control. Microscope examination of liver sections showed several anomalies in rats exposed to high concentrations (1.5, 2.5 and 5 g/kg) including fatty changes, glycogen accumulation and ballooning degeneration hepatocytes. Renal parenchyma anomalies were also observed in rats exposed to 2.5 and 5g / kg of plant extract including shrunken renal corpuscles with marked hypo-cellularity and atrophied glomeruli, large interstitial space, and renal tubules with dilated lumina which appear completely distorted. From this study, it can be concluded that Anvillea radiata aqueous extract at high concentration (higher than 1 g /kg b.w.) may be toxic and affect sensitive organs function such liver and kidney.

Keywords: Anvillea radiata, Acute toxicity, Biochemical parameters, Histology.
Development and Characterization of Barbaloin Gel for the Safe and Effective Treatment of Psoriasis
Authors: Singh Navdeep , Goyal Kamya , Sondhi Shivi , Jindal Shammy
Published: September 2020

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease which cause inflammation to the skin and generally the symptoms includes white or red colour of irregular skin; the patches are developed and they are commonly itchy and scaly to the skin. Barbaloin is an herbal phytoconstituent which is obtained from the plant aloe vera leaf part. In the present study hydrogels formulation batches from F1 to F10 were prepared by using carbopol 934, Xanthan gum, carbopol 940, and carbopol 71G NF as a gelling agent. The prepared formulations from F1 to F10 were evaluated for their physical appearance, Grittiness, spreadability, Homogeneity, viscosity, pH, swelling index and microscopical evaluation. The changes in each evaluation parameter were examined at multiples concentration of each polymer. The effects of gelling agent in each formulation were observed and it will help us to justify the suitable range of polymer as a single or in combination with other gelling agent. From these studies it was found to be formulation F2, F4, F7 and F10 showing good gelling properties and further these four formulations are selected for In Vitro drug release studies. By In Vitro drug release kinetics study formulation F2 and F10 showed higher release as compared to F4 and F7. Furthermore, formulation F2 and F7 had good kinetic release study and showed non fickian drug release as the n value was between 0.8-0.9. Therefore, from the above release study parameters formulation F2 and F10 show the best optimized release characterstics as compare to the selected optimized formulations F4 and F7.

Keywords: Psoriasis, Barbaloin, Hydrogel, Formulation and Evaluation.
A Laconic Review on Extraction, Biological Activities of Herbal Formulations of Berberine: A Traditional Drug
Authors: Sondhi Shivi , Singh Navdeep , Goyal Kamya , Jindal Shammy
Published: September 2020

Herbal formulation dosage form consists of one or more herbs processed in specified quantities to provide specific nutritional, cosmetic benefits use to diagnose the disease. Herbal formulations contain an active substance and preparation in combination of one or more herbal compounds. Berberis aristata is one of herbs of an ancient Ayurveda medicine and different properties along with various treatment of illness. Berberine, is a type of alkaloid which is quarternary protoberberine, is one of the known bioactive compounds scattered extensively in a number of clinically significant medicinal plants such as Hydrastis canadensis L., Phellodendron amurense R. ,Coptis japonica M.,  and  Berberine containing plants have been used in traditional and folk medicine around the globe for centuries. It has been used for a, anti-pyretic diarrhea, bitter tonic, and eye infections. In the past three eras, Berberine has been studied intensively in over thousands cases because of its therapeutics, physicochemical effects, pharmacological, and physiological effects such as cardiovascular, anti-inflammatory, anti leshmanial, and  anti- secretory, effects. Berberine act as a phytoconstituents in formulations and available in ayurveda, allopathy, and homeopathy medicines. With this review, we will evaluate the various traditional and medicinal use of Berberine and their isolation and extraction procedure. We will also review the potential of this plant as various dosage forms for the treatment of various diseases.

Keywords: Berberine; Extraction Method; Isolation method; Skin problems
Phytochemical study and antimicrobial activity of Algerian Marrubium vulgare leaf and stem extracts
Authors: BENZIDANE Nadia , SMAHI Ridha , ZABOUCHE Boudjemaa , MAKROUF Abdelhalim , ARRAR Lekhmici
Published: September 2020

Marrubium vulgare is used worldwide as a source of food flavor and for medicinal purposes. The aim of this study is to investigate polyphenol and flavonoid contents of M. vulgare extracts and their antimicrobial activities. Extraction was conducted using methanol and hexane. The determination of polyphenol content was realized with folin ciocalteu method and flavonoids using AlCl3. Rouph characterization of these compounds was done with HPLC method. Activity against bacteria and fungi was also studied. Results showed that methanolic extracts of leaves (LME) and stems SME) contain relatively high levels of polyphenols ad flavonoids.  Except for hexane extract, all extracts from leaves and stems possess antibacterial and antifungal effects especially against Staphyloccocus aureus and Candida albicans. This finding suggests that M. vulgare methanolic extracts could serve as a basic material for the preparation of antimicrobial drugs.

Keywords: Marrubium vulgare, polyphenols, flavonoids, antibacterial, antifungal activities.
Qualitative Analysis of Phytocompounds of Liagora divaricata and Trematocarpus flabellatus
Authors: Dias Valera , Uqueio Mauro , Nhaca Amós , Salência Helena
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Phytocompounds are a powerful chemical group obtained from natural resources that exhibit a range of biological activities. Objective: This study explored the phytocompounds constituents of two species of Rhodophyta, Liagora divaricata and Trematocarpus flabellatus in order to give a preliminary view of qualitative diversity of potentially bioactive compounds. Methods: Approximately 200g of each species were hand-picked at in Chongoene, Mozambique, during a low spring tide. Voucher specimens were identified and stored at the LMU herbarium in the Department of Biological Science, University of Eduardo Mondlane. Samples were cleaned and dried at 50°C for 72 hours before grounding using an electric mixer. Powdered samples were extracted with methanol solvent. Phytocompounds samples were analysed using the GC-MS and identified based in NIST mass spectral library. Results: A total of 42 phytocompounds were identified. The common identities from both seaweeds species include Cholesterol, Desmosterol, Heptadecane, Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Neophytadiene and Phytol. Conclusion: Due to the relevance of these phytocompounds in different industries such as pharmacy, nutrition, agriculture and cosmetic, the identified seaweeds might be good candidates for further research in terms of isolating and validating their activity. Particular attention should focus on Neophytadiene due to its strong bioactive compound in several applications.

Keywords: Phytocompounds, Liagora divaricata, Trematocarpus flabellatus, Neophytadiene
ANALISIS MOTIVASI INTRINSIK PEGAWAI PADA KANTOR CAMAT SINGKUT KABUPATEN SAROLANGUN
Authors: Widayanti Widayanti
Published: September 2020

Prosedur pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara penyebaran kuisioner pengumpulan data dengan cara membuat daftar pertanyaan yang berhubungan dengan motivasi intrinsik dan pengisian kuisioner, indikator nilai rata-rata inivatif 145, pernyataan feedback nilai rata-rata 155, resiko dengan nilai rata-rata 149, tanggungjawab nilai rata-rata 155, persahabatan rata-rata 149, bekerjasama 143, konflik 150, kepercayaan 149, kontribusi 145 dan pernyataan tugas yang diembankan nilai rata-rata 149. hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa analisis motivasi intrinsik pegawai pada kantor camat singkut pernyataan feedback, resiko, persahabatan, konflik sangat termotivasi. hasil analisis inovatif, bekerjasama, kepercayaan, dan tugas yang diembankan perlu ditingkatkan dan harus mendapat perhatian dari instansi kantor camat sinkgut kabupaten sarolangun.
Dimensions of Health Service Quality at the Prison Polyclinic Class IIA in Palu City
Authors: Valerian Ivel
Published: September 2020

Prisoner services are services related to the implementation of prisoners' rights and obligations in the form of care, coaching, education and guidance. Health services at the Class II A Prison Polyclinic in Palu do not have a health practice permit and only have 5 nurses and 1 dentist.The aim of this study was todetermine the service quality of the Class II A Lapis Polyclinic in Palu. This type of research is quantitative with a descriptive survey approach. The sample in this study were 120 patients who visited the Polyclinic. Sampling used the Accidental Sampling method. Data collected using questionnare. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using univariate analysis. Research results from the dimensions of reliability 86.7% of respondents said well and 13.3% of respondents stated that it was not good, from the dimension of responsiveness 88.3% of respondents said good and 11.7% of respondents stated that it was not good, from the dimensions assurance (guarantee) 85% of respondents stated that good and 15% of respondents stated that it was not good, from the dimensions of empathy (empathy) 94.2% of respondents said good and 5.8% of respondents said it was not good, and from the tangible dimension (physical evidence) 90, 8% of respondents said good and 9.2% of respondents said it was not good. The conclusion of the study, from the service quality at Class II A Prison Polyclinic in Palu based on the SERVQUAL model can be said to be good. Suggestion is to maintain and improve the quality of service from each quality dimension so that it can meet the needs of patients.
The economic Loss of Hypertention Sufferers Patient With Accompanying Diseases At Inpatient Unit of Anutapura General Hospital
Authors: Syafiqah Syafiqah
Published: September 2020

Hypertension is one of the major problems in Indonesia and in the world. The number of hypertensive cases in Palu city in 2015-2017 was increased. In 2015 as many as 8407 cases, the year 2016 as many as 8697 cases and 2017 as many as 9406 cases. This research aims to determine the economic loss that is borne by hypertension sufferers with concomitant diseases in the inpatient unit of RSU Anutapura Palu. This type of research is quantitative descriptive. Research was conducted from March to June 2019. The population is all patients suffering from hypertension with a concomitant illness that conducts hospitalisation in RSU Anutapura Palu, the number of samples of 78 patients. Primary data collection is through questionnaires and secondary data through the study of patient record documents and other supporting documents. Total economic loss for people with hypertension with concomitant illness in inpatient unit of RSU Anutapura Palu amounting to Rp. 234.318.617 with an average of Rp 3.004.084 per sufferer. The results of this study also showed that the magnitude of the losses suffered by patients especially in patients who are still productive work is advised to carry out regular control every month to prevent the expenditure of the cost of illness that will continue Increased.
Evaluation Of Patient Safety Policy To Nurse In Anutapura General Hospital Palu City
Authors: Napirah Muh. Ryman , Salmawati Lusia , Rahmi Andi
Published: September 2020

Patient safety in the hospital is a system where the hospital makes the nurture of the patients safer which includes risk assessment, identification and management of patient-related risks. Patient safety problems in general in Anutapura Palu General Hospital are the occurrence of mismanagement by officers, including errors in discipline, communication, to technical errors.This research aimed to evaluate the implementation of patient safety policies for nurses at Anutapura Public Hospital at Palu. This research was quantitative in nature, as many as 72 respondents by using the Slovin formula. The results showed that the variable results in this research were input with value frequency of ≥50 % respondents who stated the good input. Process variables in this research were obtained from the value that in the process it was quite good seen from the value the frequency of ≥50 % respondents who stated that the process was good. The results of the analysis of variable output with value frequency of≥50 % respondents who stated that the output was good. The conclusion that can be drawn is that the results of the evaluation of the implementation of patient safety policies have been applied in Anutapura Public Hospital at Palu. It is expected that the hospital performs performance evaluation and monitoring complaints as well as satisfaction of service users on a regular basis in order todevelop the satisfaction of service users and the community.
The Relationship Of The Climate Change Factor With The Event Of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Palu City Year 2013-2017
Authors: Rau Muh. Jusman , Komariyah Siti , Pitriani Pitriani
Published: September 2020

Temperature, rainfall and relative humidity are considered important climatic factors that contribute to the growth and spread of mosquito vectors and potential dengue outbreaks. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of air temperature, humidity, and rainfall with the incidence of DHF in the city of Palu in 2013-2017. This type of research is quantitative with correlation design. The sampling technique uses total sampling. The data source uses secondary data, namely the number of DHF events from the Palu City Health Office and climate data from the Mutiara Palu Meteorological Station. Data analysis using Pearson correlation test, the results of the study showed the strength of the temperature relationship with the incidence of DHF was very weak (r = -0.087), negative patterned and there was no significant relationship (ρ = 0.253). The strength of the humidity relationship with the incidence of DHF was very weak (r = 0.029), positive patterned and there was no significant relationship (ρ = 0.412). The relationship strength of rainfall with the incidence of DHF was very weak (r = 0.001), positive patterned and there was no significant relationship (ρ = 0.496). The conclusion was not found a meaningful relationship between the variables of temperature, humidity, and rainfall with the incidence of DHF. To overcome the DHF incident, it is expected that the Palu City Health Office can increase efforts to control DHF by increasing environmental improvement by running programs such as 3M Plus, Mosquito Nest Eradication (PSN), Abatization, and fogging.
Factors Associated with Occupational Accidents to Nurses in Emergency Room of Anutapura General Hospital Palu City
Authors: Salmawati Lusia , Rasul Muh. , Napirah Muh. Ryman
Published: September 2020

The IGD room is a unit that deals directly with the patient for 24 hours a day. Workload and high stress levels in the face of critical conditions require nurses to work quickly and appropriately. Based on data from the preliminary study of the researchers, nurses working in the Emergency Installation Room Anutapura Palu General Hospital are 31 nurses, aged between 23-45 years with an average work period of 7 years and the majority male. The data of accidents cases were 81 cases in bracket within 3 months January-March 2016, and most cases were found in IGD Anutapura Palu with 19 cases. The purpose of research to determine the factors associated with the incidence of occupational accidents in nurses in the Emergency Room of Anutapura Palu General Hospital. This research is a kind of quantitative analytic research with Cross Sectional design. Population in this research is all nurses who work in Emergency Room of Anutapura Palu General Hospital that amount 31 people, sampling with technique Total Sampling. The results of study were age (p = 0,002), sex (p = 0,019), use of APD (p = 0,007), regulation (p = 0,006), training (p = 0,007), supervision (p = 0,006) . However there is no working period relationship (p = 0,083) with Work Accident. It is expected that the management of the hospital to improve the quality of training and supervision and reinforce the rules that have been made by giving heavy sanctions to workers who get violated the rules.
Undiagnosed Diabetes Prediction With Development of Scoring System Based on Risk Factors
Authors: Febriani Irene
Published: September 2020

Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus (UDDM) is a person condition where has never been diagnosed with diabetes, but when a blood sugar examination survey shows the criteria for diabetes. Late diagnosis is a major problem for diabetes. In some cases, 50% of patients do not know the condition of diabetes mellitus, so the complications of diabetes mellitus become very severe. This study aimed to analyze dominant risk factors and make a risk score for Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus (UDDM). Making a risk score was carried out in 2016 based on secondary data from 2013 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas). The study population was adults aged ≥ 18 years, diagnosed early in diabetes during the 2013 Riskesdas, did not suffer from other chronic / contagious diseases. The sample size analyzed amounted to 18,963 people. The value of β coefficient from the results of multiple logistic regression predictive models was used to develop the score. The accuracy of the diabetes predictive score was assessed by ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic). 2 prediction models developed into risk scores. Model 1 predictions of UDDM with 8 predictors (AUC 73.13%, sensitivity 29.19%, specificity 90.33%, PPV 25.32%, NPV 91.90%, cutoff ≥30), model 2 predictions of UDDM with 5 predictors (AUC 74.22%, sensitivity of 64.91%, spessivity 67.95%, PPV 18.37%, NPV 94.60%, cutoff 21). Undiagnosed diabetes risk factors and predictors in making scores on model 1 were gender, age, hypertension, body mass index, central obesity, HDL and LDL. In model 2 were gender, age, hypertension, body mass index, central obesity.
Some Heat Transfer Data for a Mannitol Derived Phase Change Material
Authors: T. Rocha  , V. Ferreira  , A. Magalhães  , C. Pinho
Published: September 2020

Heat transfer data for a commercial mannitol derivative, the Plus ICE A164, were obtained in a setup containing a heat exchanger with a single layer of three vertically placed pipes filled with the phase change material (PCM). This PCM has a fusion temperature about 168 ºC. The experimental procedure used an operating cycle composed by a heating and a cooling process, and the PCM temperature time evolution was measured. From these temperature results, the overall heat transfer coefficient, from the heat transfer fluid, a thermal oil, towards the PCM, was of 350 W/(m2 K), while the average value for the PCM heat transfer coefficient was of 415 W/(m2 K).
Uncertainties in the Quantification of Supraharmonic Emission: Variations over Time
Authors: A. Espín-Delgado  , S. K. Rönnberg  , M. H. J. Bollen
Published: September 2020

This paper shows a study of the variations of the supraharmonic distortion emitted by an LED lamp during and after its thermal stabilization. The study is aimed to contribute to map the uncertainties existing when quantifying supraharmonics. Measurements of the current drawn by five lamps of the same type and manufacturer are performed. Then, analysis in the frequency domain is performed and the Total Supraharmonic Current (TSHC) index is used to quantify the supraharmonic emission of the lamps. The TSHC is calculated over bands of different widths, whose outcomes are then compared to decide which bandwidth results in a less time-varying-TSHC index. It is demonstrated that the supraharmonic distortion emitted by the lamp under study experiences both an increase in magnitude and a shift in frequency during the thermal stabilization of the lamp. It is also shown how the frequency grouping impacts the quantification. It is concluded that the best choice of a grouping bandwidth is one wide enough so that it includes the whole emission band of interest. This result is a step forward to set up references for the analysis and quantification of broadband supraharmonic emission.
Study of the Nebulosity Influence in Photovoltaic System Installed in the Green Office of UTFPR
Authors: N. P. Cremasco  , J. A. Leludak  , J. Urbanetz
Published: September 2020

Since 2015, the photovoltaic solar energy has had a significant increase of its installed power in Brazil, which has great potential for the generation of electrical energy with the use of photovoltaic systems due to its high irradiation index. However, a problem for the generation of electric energy by the means of photovoltaic systems is the fact that the shadow existence impacts directly the generation, as a result of the reduction of the incident irradiance in the panels. The factors which can cause shadow effect are the external solid bodies and cloudiness, which can have its effect on photovoltaic systems increased by the cloud position in relation to the sun. Thus, this article is a study about the cloudiness influence in a photovoltaic system connected to grid, denominated Green Office of the UTFPR. For that, clearness index analyses (Kt), the daily energy generation and the productivity (YIELD) have been analyzed for some different cloud conditions: clear skies, few clouds, high cloudiness, and considerable rainfall. The results showed the direct relation of the clearness index with the productivity and the electric generation of the panel, whose values were higher in the higher Kt cases.
Interactive tool for the study of power signals generated by an inverter with PWM techniques.
Authors: Francisco Javier Jiménez Romero  , Francisco Ramón Lara Raya  , Francisco Manuel Álvarez Wic  , Antonio Cánovas Espinal
Published: September 2020

This work presents a new interactive tool for the study of the quality of power supply signals generated by an inverter. The tool has interactive elements to model and implement PWM techniques in a power inverter, it allows to modify any parameter of the PWM technique during the control of the inverter, being this a great advantage to make a lot of tests in a short time. In addition, the tool allows to design offline and simulate the behavior of the load that will feed the inverter. For the realization of the tool was used the graphic programming language Labview, for the control an Atmega328-PU microcontroller and an inverter Semikron-Semitech. A total of 1438 tests were carried out on a dhalander motor in 72 hours with two PWM techniques modelled with the tool, which made it possible to study the feed signal and the motor behaviour in the whole range of possible values that the parameters defining each PWM technique could take. The tool provides a great help to the experimental study of the quality of the power supply signals generated with an inverter for the power supply signal.
HVAC early fault detection using a fuzzy logic based approach
Authors: Victor Martinez-Viol  , Eva M. Urbano  , Miguel Delgado-Prieto  , Luis Romeral
Published: September 2020

The need for improving the energy efficiency of existing buildings has driven to the implementation of building energy management systems (BEMS) that can help facilities manager to discover and identify problems that may cause energy wastage or affect to occupants’ comfort. Modern data-driven fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) make use of the data collected by the building BEMS to provide high accuracy in the revelation of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system faults. However, these methods need a large amount of faulty data samples during the training, which is an uncommon situation in the real world. The main focus of this paper is to present a methodology to detect faults when the number of faulty samples is low. For this purpose, a regression-based methodology based on an adaptative neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) chiller model is developed using the data collected from a real use case. The model presents good results, that can be used for benchmarking the machine operation and detect the abnormal operation states.
Analysis of resonance modes at harmonic frequencies in high-voltage networks
Authors: L.I. Kovernikova
Published: September 2020

Resonant  modes  in  electric  networks  occur  due  to the   presence   of   capacitive   and   inductive   elements   which compensate each other. Resonant circuits can occur on harmonic frequencies  (further  referred  to  as  harmonics).  If  the  networks have  consumers  of  electric  power  having  equipment  with  non-linear   current-voltage   characteristics   that   consumes   a   non-sinusoidal current, then the harmonics of currents and voltages in the  resonant  circuits  sharply  increase.  Harmonics  create  energy losses   in   electrical   equipment,   which   causes   its   additional heating,  leads  to  a  reduction  in  service  life  and,  as  a  result, additional   economic   damage.   Passive   filters   and   capacitors, which  are  used  to  compensate  reactive  power,  are  especially vulnerable in such cases.  Resonant  nodes  of  electrical  network  and  resonant  harmonics can  be  determined  by  calculating  the  frequency  responses  of  the input   impedances   or   admittances   of   the   nodes   for   various network  configurations  and  loads.  The  experience  of  studying harmonic  modes  in  electric  networks  allowed  us  to  develop  a methodical     approach     and     HARMONICSsoftware     for determining resonant nodes and resonant harmonics. The article provides methodical approach and some results of the research on resonant modes on the harmonics in the high-voltage networks in Eastern Siberia.
Multi-Input Boost Converter for Parallel Connected Renewable Energy Systems
Authors: R.H.M.Ali  , K.A.Khan  , M.Khalid  , A.A.Khan
Published: September 2020

This  paper  proposes  a  multi-input  boost  converterfor  parallel  connected  renewable  energy  systems.  The  proposedconverter   simultaneously   harnesses   power   from   two   parallelconnected  renewable  energy  sources  while  maintaining  constantoutput   voltage.   The   operation   of   the   converter   is   examinedand  its  operating  modes  are  developed.  The  small-signal  acmodel  of  the  proposed  converter  is  developed  in  continuousconduction  mode  by  circuit  averaging  technique.  Based  on  thedeveloped  small-signal  ac  model,  line-to-output  and  control-to-output transfer functions are derived and the relevant Bode plotsare obtained analytically and are verified by circuit simulation forevaluating  open-loop  and  closed-loop  stability  of  the  converter.The analytical results are in good agreement with the computerresults,  validating  the  developed  small-signal  ac  model  and  thederived  transfer  functions.
Measurement Framework for Analysis of Dynamic Behavior of Single-Phase Power Electronic Devices
Authors: Elias Kaufhold  , Jan Meyer  , Peter Schegner
Published: September 2020

This paper studies the impact factors on the dynamic behavior of single-phase power electronic devices in low-voltage grids. White-box models are able to reflect the dynamic behavior, but require a detailed knowledge of the device. Black-box models can be easily parametrized by measurements, but are limited to small signal studies in frequency domain. No studies exist on black-box approaches reflecting the dynamic behavior of power electronic devices. A systematic, measurement based identification method considering the dynamic behavior is required to develop such dynamic black-box models. The aim of this paper is, to provide an overview of the impact factors on the dynamic behavior of power electronic devices as basis for the development of respective measurement procedures. An identification approach and its possible implementation for a laboratory test stand is proposed. Quantifying the impact factors with respect to the dynamic system response in terms of linear and non-linear characteristic provides the opportunity to develop a set of new dynamic models that can be used to improve e.g. stability studies for low voltage networks with a large penetration of modern power electronic devices in the future. First results are presented exemplarily for photovoltaic inverters.
The effect of energy storage on the Residual Load Duration Curve (rLDC) of a system with high Renewable Energy contribution
Authors: W.-G. Früh
Published: September 2020

This paper evaluates how energy storage acting in a system with a very high contribution from variable Renewable source can reduce peak loads. The methodology uses observed demand and renewable generation data to construct scenarios of increasing renewable contribution complemented by energy storage. The analysis is based on the concept of creating load duration curves for the period over which a set of storage technologies can act to reduce peak loads by storing energy during low loads. The models used here are developed on the premise that different types of storage are deployed for different purposes. For the scope of this work, three types were used. The first to manage loads within a day, the second acting over a period of a week, and the third at a much longer, seasonal scale
Kruvaziyer turizm pazarlaması üzerine nitel bir araştırma
Authors: TOR KADIOĞLU Cansu
Published: September 2020

Turizm sektörünün önemli bir dalı olan kruvaziyer turizmi, ülkelerin sosyal ve ekonomik gelişiminde büyük bir yer tutmaktadır. Kruvaziyer turizmine katılan kişi sayısının dünyada 2019’da 30 milyonu geçeceği öngörülmektedir. Gelecek yıllarda artacak rekabet ile baş etmek için, sosyal medya odaklı pazarlama stratejileri de geliştirmek kaçınılmaz olmuştur. Bu çalışmada kruvaziyer turizminin dünyada geldiği nokta incelenmiş, ülkemizdeki kruvaziyer turizm potansiyeli araştırılmıştır. Kruvaziyer sektörü çalışanları ve ilgili akademisyenlerle, 2019 yılı Haziran ve Aralık aylarında yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat yöntemi kullanılarak yapılan görüşmeler önemli bulgular elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular sonuç bölümünde değerlendirilmiş ve birtakım öneriler geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sektöre ve alan yazına katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir
A good scare is worth more than good advice: Educational regulations in Italy and Turkey after CoVid-19
Authors: ŞENSİN Ceyda , RUBAT DU MÉRAC Emiliane
Published: September 2020

Interrupting educational services due to the CoVid-19 outbreak can have serious and long-term consequences. This paper addresses the comparisons of the Educational Regulations in Italy and Turkey after CoVid-19 on in-service teacher training. The purpose of this cross-cultural research is to examine the content and the quality of training that is provided to Turkish and Italian teachers in service. In this study, the document scanning method was used. In-service teacher training activities within the two education structures had been investigated through document scanning. In general, despite the differences in the general framework of teacher training in these two countries, they both pay more attention to teacher training right after the CoVid-19 outbreak. Based on the findings of the study, suggestions are made about in-service training activities in Turkey and Italy.
Integrasi Perdagangan dan Keselarasan Siklus Bisnis di ASEAN
Authors: Hervino Aloysius Deno
Published: September 2020

This research aims to analyze the impact of trade integration in term of demand spillover (export, import, and both) on business cycle co-movement which measured by Gross Domestic Product Real. Using data from World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) and Fixed Effect Model (FEM), the results of this research explain that trade integration from import side among ASEAN countries has a positive impact on business cycle co-movement, but from export-side the impact is negative. Otherwise, this research didn’t found a significant impact from both export and import side to business cycle co-movement among ASEAN member countries.
Vergi Esnekliğinin Kamu Harcamaları Üzerindeki Etkisi: Seçili OECD Ülkeler İçin Panel Veri Analizi
Authors: KUTBAY Hüseyin , AKSOY Elyasa
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmada, vergi esnekliğinin kamu harcamaları üzerindeki etkisi 7 OECD ülkesi (Kanada, İzlanda, Letonya, Litvanya, Lüksemburg, Hollanda ve İsviçre) için analiz edilmiştir. Panel veri analizi yöntemine dayanan çalışma 1997-2016 yılarını kapsamaktadır. Çalışmada bağımlı değişken olarak kamu harcamaları, bağımsız değişkenler olarak ise vergi esnekliği, tüketici fiyat endeksi ve nüfus artış oranı kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada öncelikle kullanılacak modeli belirlemek üzere Breusch-Pagan Lagrange Çarpanı testi kullanılarak tesadüfi etkiler modeli ile EKK modeli arasında hangisinin daha uygun olacağı test edilmiş olup çıkan sonuçlar tesadüfi etkiler modelinin daha uygun olduğunu göstermektedir. Sabit etkiler modeli ile tesadüfi etkiler modeli içerisinden daha uygun olanı test etmek üzere hausman testi yapılmış olup elde edilen test istatistikleri nihai olarak tesadüfi etkiler modelinin uygun olduğu yönündedir. Tesadüfi etkiler modeli esas alınarak modelde yer alabilecek sorunları tespit etmek üzere; Baltagi ve Li (1991), Born ve Breitung (2016) ve Bhargava, Franzini ve Narendranathan (1982)’ın Durbin-Watson otokorelasyon testi ve Levene, Brown ve Forsythe (1974) değişen varyans testleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca modelin yatay kesit bağımlılığı Pesaran(2004) testi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hem oto-korelasyon hem de değişen varyans ve yatay kesit bağımlılığın varlığı tespit edilmiş olup seriler arasındaki ilişki Driscroll ve Kraay (1998) standart hatalar ile tahmin edilmiştir. Yapılan tahminler neticesinde vergi esnekliğinin ve nüfus artış oranının kamu harcamalarını pozitif yönde etkilediği (artırdığı), tüketici fiyat endeksinin ise kamu harcamalarını negatif yönde etkilediği (azalttığı) tespit edilmiştir.
Evaluation of smoking status: comparison of self-reports with exhaled carbon monoxide analysis in university students in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Nikkholgh Arash , Soleimani Matina , Torkaman-Boutorabi Anahita , Valizadeh Behzad
Published: September 2020

Background: Smoking is considered the leading risk factor for many chronic diseases and deaths worldwide. Thus, it is important to determine the number of smokers before implementing tobacco control initiatives. Due to stigma and deterrent measures, it is impossible to access smokers through a self-report questionnaire. Aims: To compare exhaled carbon monoxide levels with self-reports among university students in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a convenience sample of 60 university students recruited in 2016 in Tehran. There were 30 women and 30 men with an average age of 23.1 (±15.6) years. They were interviewed using an adaptation of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases questionnaire and further assessed by breath analysis. Smoking status was compared and then correlated with the resultant carbon monoxide levels at a cutoff of 6 ppm. Results: Mean cigarette consumption was 4.7 (±1.8) each day and smoking status was reported as 19 (31.7%) current smokers and 41 (68.3%) nonsmokers of tobacco. Significant correlations were obtained between the exhaled carbon monoxide levels of the smoker and nonsmoker groups (P < 0.05). Irrespective of the measures of smoking status, the frequency of detecting smokers was comparable to that of detecting nonsmokers (P = 0.756). Conclusions: Similar to self-reports, the exhaled carbon monoxide measurement successfully distinguished smokers from nonsmokers. This allows healthcare providers and policy-makers to examine the effectiveness of tobacco cessation and prevention programmes
The properties of Sweet Sorghum Syrup Produced by Combined Vacuum Falling Film and Rotary Evaporation
Authors: Yuwono Sudarminto S. , Istianah Nur , Ali Dego Y. , Aghata Rizkhia J.A.
Published: September 2020

The combination of Vacuum Falling Film Evaporator(FFE) and Rotary Evaporator (RE) was conducted in producing sweet sorghum syrup. The aim of this research was to evaluate the performance of single FFE and combined FFE-RE on sorghum syrup concentration. Single FFE was studied at the temperature of 70, 80, and 90°C. The best single FFE treatment was continued by RE at 60, 70, and 80°C. Sweet sorghum that were concentrated using single FFE(90°C) and combined FFE(90°C)-RE(80°C) had the highest Total Soluble Solid(TSS) of 44.2°Brix and 87.53°Brix, also the acceptable lightness(L*) of 30.13 and 25.83 respectively. That combined FFE-RE produced sorghum syrup had the highest overall Hedonic score 3.34 within the taste parameter value of 2.89; color of 3,75; aroma of 3,29; and texture of 3.42. It was also accomplished with the redness(a*) of -2.11, yellowness(b*) of 5.13, turbidity of 387.66 NTU, viscosity of 2036.67cP, and reducing sugar of 52.54%.
Changes In Vitamin C and Total Microbes Of Papaya Fruit (Carica papaya L.) Which Is Processed Minimally Using Edible Coating Of Agar-agar Based On The Storage Time
Authors: Apriani Liya , Aminah Siti , Isworo Joko Teguh
Published: September 2020

Minimal processing and edible coatings began to be known to provide food security and improve the quality of food products at the time of storage. This study was to determine the effect of minimal processing using agar-agar based on storage time to changes in vitamin C and total microbes papaya (Carica papaya L.).This research is an experimental laboratory study with the research design used is a two-factor Randomized Completely Design (CRD). The number of units used in the study was 28 samples followed by samples without agar coating. Data on vitamin C were measured by the iodimetry method, total microbes by the Total Plate Count (TPC) method. The statistical test used was the Two Way Anova. There are differences in the results of tests of vitamin C levels, total microbes and weight loss between the treatment and control groups. There is a minimal processing effect using agar-agar on vitamin C levels (ρ = 0.006) and total microbes (ρ = 0,000). Minimal processing using agar-agar coatings based on long storage effect on the levels of vitamin C and total microbes papaya (Carica papaya L.)
Effects of Addition Chili Ground to The Characteristics of Bekasam from Cork Fish (Channa striata) During Fermentation
Authors: Normayanti Normayanti , Sari Dewi Kartika , Khairina Rita
Published: September 2020

Bekasam is a fermented fish product made from fish, salt, and roasted rice or rice that is mixed and fermented for 7 days. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of ground chili at different concentrations on total acid, pH value, total lactic acid bacteria, and sensory properties of cork fish bekasam. The research design used was completely randomized design, 3 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments given were IBG without the addition of ground chili, IBGC1 adding 10% ground chili and IBGC2 adding 20% ground chili. Data were collected for total acid, pH, and total lactic acid bacteria fermentation days 1, 3, 5, and 7. The sensory properties were observed on days 1 and 7. The results showed that the addition of ground chili can reduce pH during 7 days fermentation, but the increase in total acid was not significant. The addition of 10% ground chili has a positive effect on the growth of lactic acid bacteria. The addition of 20% ground chili showed an inhibition of the growth of lactic acid bacteria during fermentation. Sensory test results stated that panelists preferred bekasam with the addition of 10% ground chili compared to control brakes and the addition of 20% ground chili.
Teaching Practice Patterns in ECE Teacher Program in Distance Education in Indonesia
Authors: Tatminingsih Sri
Published: September 2020

This purpose paper describes a pattern of micro teaching in teacher education through online learning programme using the moodle application. This article was the result of a study with qualitative paradigm. Research method with survey and data collecting using structured interviews and questionnaires. The research subjects were students who took online tutorial in Strengthening Teaching Courses (STC) in The Early Childhood Teacher Education in Universitas Terbuka (UT), Indonesia in 2018. The finding of the research are online micro teaching patterns in the Online STC that have similarities with face-to-face tutorials. Teaching practices should be a cycle: planning, implementation, evaluation and reflection on their own teaching practices. In addition, to evaluate themselves, students can also be evaluated by the others students and peers by online. In online tutorial, the pattern of micro teaching developed is simpler to understand by students independently and can be an alternative practice teaching course in online teacher education program