bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards a new supply chain manager dashboard under circular economy constraints: A case study on France textile and clothing industry
Authors: Hrouga Mustapha , Michel Stephnaie
Published: June 2023

This paper aims to propose a new dashboard in which we consider all indicators related to the sustainable supply chain (SSC) under circular economy (CE) constraints. As small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) represent 99% of all businesses in the European Union (EU), this study mainly focuses on surveys of French textile and clothing SMEs. It aims to propose a practical and agile tool to help SC managers cope with sustainability challenges and assess the performance of CE implementation in the SC of the textile and clothing industries. To achieve this objective and to develop a relevant questionnaire enabling us to prepare and conduct surveys, we first identified 63 relevant indicators through an extensive exploratory study based on a leading group in luxury and fashion and a pioneer in corporate social responsibility (CSR). Second, we conducted a survey of 46 textile and clothing companies based in France. Finally, we proposed a new comprehensive SC manager dashboard under CE constraints. From the results, we found that there are several barriers to implementing the CE concept in the textile and clothing industry, such as a lack of sustainability performance, a lack of regulation, and a lack of mandatory responsibilities of SC actors. Hence, to cope with these barriers, the SC must be circular and sustainable by highlighting more circular practices such as recycling, eco‐design, compliance with regulations, reducing waste, minimizing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, energy, and water consumption. The results revealed that our new proposed dashboard highlights all these concepts that enable us to support textile and clothing SMEs to achieve high sustainable development goals. It can also be used as a decision‐making tool to help SMEs' managers, practitioners, and researchers make better sustainability decisions.
Miliary tuberculosis in an immune‐competent Bangladeshi man—A case report
Authors: Paul Susanta Kumar , Ahmed Shamim , Chakrabortty Rajashish , Paul Shamrat Kumar , Rahman Mohammed Atiqur
Published: June 2023

Miliary tuberculosis is a disseminated and active form of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It frequently affects immunocompromised patients. However, immune‐competent hosts are reported rarely. Herein, we reported a case of miliary tuberculosis of a 40‐year‐old immune‐competent Bangladeshi man presented with pyrexia of unknown origin.
Squaramide‐Based Heteroditopic [2]Rotaxanes for Sodium Halide Ion‐Pair Recognition
Authors: Arun Arya , Docker Andrew , Min Tay Hui , Beer Paul D.
Published: June 2023

A series of squaramide‐based heteroditopic [2]rotaxanes consisting of isophthalamide macrocycle and squaramide axle components are synthesized using an alkali metal cation template‐directed stoppering methodology. This work highlights the unprecedented sodium cation template coordination of the Lewis basic squaramide carbonyls for interlocked structure synthesis. Extensive quantitative 1H NMR spectroscopic anion and ion‐pair recognition studies reveal the [2]rotaxane hosts are capable of cooperative sodium halide ion‐pair mechanical bond axle‐macrocycle component recognition, eliciting up to 20‐fold enhancements in binding strengths for bromide and iodide, wherein the Lewis basic carbonyls and Lewis acidic NH hydrogen bond donors of the squaramide axle motif operate as cation and anion receptive sites simultaneously in an ambidentate fashion. Notably, varying the length and nature of the polyether cation binding unit of the macrocycle component dramatically influences the ion‐pair binding affinities of the [2]rotaxanes, even overcoming direct contact NaCl ion‐pair binding modes in polar organic solvents. Furthermore, the cooperative ion‐pair binding properties of the squaramide‐based heteroditopic [2]rotaxanes are exploited to successfully extract solid sodium halide salts into organic media.
Evaluation of the Mass Balance and Metabolic Profile of Futibatinib in Healthy Participants
Authors: Yamamiya Ikuo , Hunt Allen , Yamashita Fumiaki , Sonnichsen Daryl , Muto Toshiharu , He Yaohua , Benhadji Karim A.
Published: June 2023

Futibatinib, a selective, irreversible fibroblast growth factor receptor 1–4 inhibitor, was recently approved for FGFR2 rearrangement–positive cholangiocarcinoma. This Phase I study evaluated the mass balance and metabolic profile of 14C‐futibatinib single oral 20‐mg dose in healthy participants (n = 6). Futibatinib was rapidly absorbed; median time to peak drug concentration was 1.0 hours. The mean elimination half‐life in plasma was 2.3 hours for futibatinib, and 11.9 hours for total radioactivity. Mean recovery of total radioactivity was 70% of the dose, with 64% recovered in feces and 6% in urine. The major excretion route was fecal; negligible levels were excreted as parent futibatinib. Futibatinib was the most abundant plasma component, comprising 59% of circulating radioactivity (CRA). The most abundant metabolites were cysteinylglycine‐conjugated futibatinib in plasma (13% CRA) and reduction of desmethyl futibatinib in feces (17% of dose). In human hepatocytes, 14C‐futibatinib metabolites included glucuronide and sulfate of desmethyl futibatinib, whose formation was inhibited by 1‐aminobenzotriazole (a pan‐cytochrome P450 inhibitor), and glutathione‐ and cysteine‐conjugated futibatinib. These data indicate the primary metabolic pathways of futibatinib are O‐desmethylation and glutathione conjugation, with cytochrome P450 enzyme‐mediated desmethylation as the main oxidation pathway. 14C‐futibatinib was well tolerated in this Phase 1 study.
Hierarchical drivers of cryptic biodiversity on coral reefs
Authors: Wolfe Kennedy , Kenyon Tania M. , Desbiens Amelia , de la Motte Kimberley , Mumby Peter J.
Published: June 2023

Declines in habitat structural complexity have marked ecological outcomes, as currently observed in many of the world's ecosystems. Coral reefs have provided a model for such changes in marine ecosystems; still our understanding has been centered on corals and fishes at broad spatial scales when metazoan diversity on coral reefs is dominated by small cryptic taxa (herein: “cryptofauna”). Given the paucity of studies and high taxonomic complexity of the cryptofauna, both of which limit a priori hypotheses, we asked whether hierarchical structuring theory provides a compelling framework to impose order and quantify patterns. In general terms, we explored whether cryptic communities are sufficiently described by broad seascape parameters or limited by a set of processes operating at their distinctly nested microhabitat scale. To address this theory and gaps in knowledge for the cryptofauna, we characterized community structure in coral rubble, an eroded coral condition where biodiversity proliferates. Rubble was sampled along a depth and exposure gradient at Heron Island on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, to parameterize environmental and morphological indicators of sessile taxa and motile cryptofauna communities. We used a hierarchical study framework from microhabitat to seascape scales, which were evaluated using nonstructured multivariate analyses and Bayesian structural equation modeling. While the nonstructured analyses showed the effects of seascape on the cryptobenthos and its community, this approach overlooked the finer hierarchical patterns in rubble ecology revealed only in the structured model. Seascape parameters (exposure and depth) influenced microhabitat complexity (i.e., rubble branchiness), which determined the cover of sessile organisms on rubble pieces, which shaped the motile cryptofauna community. Rubble is likely to be increasingly prevalent on coral reefs in the Anthropocene and is typically associated with low seascape‐level complexity and reduced macrofaunal richness. Parallel with hierarchical structuring theory, we showed a similar response operating at the microhabitat scale whereby low rubble complexity (i.e., branchiness) reduced cryptobenthic structure, diversity and size spectra. In a future ocean, we expect there may be an initial increase in biodiversity and trophodynamic processes derived from branching rubble, but a delay in ecosystem‐scale outcomes if coral, and thus rubble, generation and complexity is not sustained.
A longitudinal test of secondary transfer effects of negative intergroup contact and mediating processes
Authors: Kauff Mathias , Kotzur Patrick F. , Van Assche Jasper , Schäfer Sarina J , van Zalk Maarten H. W. , Wagner Ulrich
Published: June 2023

Positive intergroup contact has not only been shown to be positively associated with favourable attitudes towards members of the contacted group but also with attitudes towards members of secondary outgroups (secondary transfer effect, STE). Only a few studies have addressed a potential STE of negative intergroup contact (i.e., a generalization of negative contact experiences to secondary outgroups). Furthermore, longitudinal studies on STEs and on underlying mediation processes are lacking. In the present research, we investigated the existence of a STE for negative (and positive) intergroup contact in four longitudinal samples with three (Studies 1a and 1b) and two waves (Studies 2 and 3; Noverall = 2052, time lags between waves 2 to 12 months). Our studies did not provide robust evidence for a STE of negative (and positive) contact, nor for indirect STEs via attitude generalization, ingroup identification or diversity beliefs. We discuss implications and suggest avenues for future research.
A commentary on key methodological developments related to nutritional life cycle assessment (nLCA) generated throughout a 6‐year strategic scientific programme
Authors: McAuliffe G. A. , Takahashi T. , Lee M. R. F. , Jebari A. , Cardenas L. , Kumar A. , Pereyra‐Goday F. , Scalabrino H. , Collins A. L.
Published: June 2023

Rothamsted Research (RRes) is the world's oldest agricultural research centre, notable for the development of the first synthetic fertilizer (superphosphate) and long‐term farming experiments (LTEs) spanning over 170 years. In 2015, RRes recruited several life cycle assessment (LCA) experts and began adopting the method to utilize high resolution agronomical data covering livestock (primarily ruminants), grassland/forage productivity and quality, and arable systems established on its North Wyke Farm Platform (NWFP) and the LTEs. The NWFP is a UK ‘National Bioscience Research Infrastructure’ (NBRI) developed for informing and testing systems science utilising high‐resolution data to determine whether it is possible to produce nutritious food sustainably. Thanks largely to the multidisciplinary knowledge at RRes, and its collaborators, its LCA Team has been at the forefront of methodological advances during a 6‐year Institute Strategic Programme (ISP) ‘Soil‐to‐Nutrition’ (S2N). While S2N investigated the co‐benefits and trade‐offs of new mechanistic understanding of efficient nutrient use across scales from pot to landscape, this commentary specifically synthesizes progress in incorporating human nutrition in the context of environmental footprinting, known as ‘nutritional LCA’ (nLCA). We conclude our commentary with a brief discussion on future pathways of exploration and methodological developments covering various activities along entire agri‐food supply‐chains.
A novel well‐balanced numerical model for water‐solute mixture underflows coupled with ambient water
Authors: Liu Xin , He Junfeng , Jazaeri Seyed Abbas
Published: June 2023

This study considers a water‐solute mixture underflow coupled with ambient water. Such physical phenomenons are modelled by a two‐layer stratified Saint‐Venant system with a scalar transport equation in this paper. The governing system is first relaxed to a hyperbolic system discretized by a path‐conservative algorithm. In such framework, a novel discrete formula of nonconservative and source terms, is proposed to be able to guarantee the well‐balanced property for the hydrodynamic model and preserve the uniform concentration in underflows, especially at wet‐dry fronts. The performances of the developed numerical schemes are verified by several tests.
Lymph node ratio as a survival predictor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with multiple adverse pathological features
Authors: Tsai Ming‐Hsien , Chuang Hui‐Ching , Chien Chih‐Yen , Huang Tai‐Lin , Lu Hui , Su Yan‐Ye , Yang Chao‐Hui , Lai Chi‐Chih , Tsai Wen‐Ling , Lin Yu‐Tsai , Fang Fu‐Min
Published: June 2023

Background

The study investigates the prognostic significance of lymph node ratio (LNR) on patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with coexistence of multiple adverse pathological features.

Methods

In total, 100 patients with coexistence of perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and extranodal extension of first primary HNSCC treated with radical surgery followed by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy were enrolled.

Results

The optimal LNR cut‐off value for predicting overall survival (OS) and cancer specific survival (CSS) was 7%. In Cox model, we observed that LNR ≥7% was a statistically significant unfavorable predictor of OS (HR: 2.689; 95% CI: 1.228–5.889; p = 0.013) and CSS (HR: 3.162; 95% CI: 1.234–8.102; p = 0.016).

Conclusion

For HNSCC patients with coexistence of multiple adverse pathological features, LNR is an independent survival predictor. Novel intensified treatments are needed for the subgroup of patients with a high LNR.
Chirality Induced Nonreciprocity in a Nonlinear Optical Microresonator
Authors: Qie Jinran , Wang Changqing , Yang Lan
Published: June 2023

On‐chip optical nonreciprocity is one of the essential functions to fully advance the development of integrated optical systems, which remains technically challenging in many aspects. There is a great need for mechanisms and approaches to facilitate the large‐scale implementation of nonreciprocal light propagation. Recently, unconventional phenomena, such as chiral optical modes and directional light propagation, have been unraveled at exceptional points (EPs), which are unique degeneracies in the energy spectrum and eigenspace of non‐Hermitian systems. Here, this work theoretically and experimentally demonstrates that by steering a single microresonator with thermo‐optic nonlinearity to chiral EPs, nonreciprocal light propagation is achieved with an isolation ratio up to 24 dB and insertion loss less than 0.5 dB. The nonreciprocity is dependent on the chirality and could be optimized near the EPs. Their results pave new avenues for the nonreciprocal control of light propagation enabled by non‐Hermitian degeneracies and hold great potential for microscale and nanoscale on‐chip nonreciprocal devices.
Manipulating the Self‐Trapped Excitons in the Lead Iodide/Hexagonal Boron Nitride van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Li Delong , Han Na , Chen Hao , Zhu Jiaqi , Gong Youning , Bao Qiaoliang , Wang Weiliang , Zhang Yupeng , Wang Guo Ping
Published: June 2023

The self‐trapped excitons (STEs) in soft van der Waals (vdW) materials have aroused tremendous attention. The conventional methods to manipulate the STEs include the introduction of permanent defect or lattice distortion, which lead to the suppression of the inherent structures and properties. Developing a non‐destructive method to achieve room temperature STEs with high tunability is thus of strategic interest. Stacking 2D materials to form a vdW heterostructure will introduce many‐body interactions, which should be exploited to tailor STE emissions controllably. To this regard, the highly tunable STE emissions in vdW heterostructures composed of lead iodide, hexagonal boron nitride, or molybdenum oxide are demonstrated. It is found that the synergistic effect of the dielectric screening and interfacial many‐body interaction improve the temperature characteristic and emission properties of STEs. The strong STE emissions with highly tunable center energies in a broadband spectrum range from ≈625 to 750 nm are verified at room temperature. This work provides a non‐destructive method to manipulate the STE emissions at room temperature in rigid lattice vdW materials, which is expected to open the potential of STEs for next‐generation optoelectronics.
Deconvolution of the fluorescence spectra measured through a needle probe to assess the functional state of the liver
Authors: Kandurova Ksenia Y. , Sumin Dmitry S. , Mamoshin Andrian V. , Potapova Elena V.
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Currently, one of the most pressing issues for surgeons in the treatment of obstructive jaundice is the ability to assess the functional state of the liver and to detect and determine the degree of liver failure in a timely manner with simple and objective techniques. In this regard, the use of fluorescence spectroscopy method can be considered as one of the ways to improve the informativity of existing diagnostic algorithms in clinical practice and to introduce new diagnostic tools. Thus, the aim of the work was to study in vivo the functional state of liver parenchyma by the method of fluorescence spectroscopy implemented through a needle probe and assess the contribution of the main tissue fluorophores to reveal new diagnostic criteria.

Materials and Methods

We compared data from 20 patients diagnosed with obstructive jaundice and 11 patients without this syndrome. Measurements were performed using a fluorescence spectroscopy method at excitation wavelengths of 365 and 450 nm. Data were collected using a 1 mm fiber optic needle probe. The analysis was based on the comparison of the results of deconvolution with the combinations of Gaussian curves reflecting the contribution of the pure fluorophores in the liver tissues.

Results

The results showed a statistically significant increase in the contribution of curves reflecting NAD(P)H fluorescence, bilirubin, and flavins in the group of patients with obstructive jaundice. This and the calculated redox ratio values indicated that the energy metabolism of the hepatocytes may have shifted to glycolysis due to hypoxia. An increase in vitamin A fluorescence was also observed. It may also serve as a marker of liver damage, indicating impaired vitamin A mobilization from the liver due to cholestasis.

Conclusions

The results obtained reflect changes associated with shifts in the content of the main fluorophores characterizing hepatocyte dysfunction caused by accumulation of bilirubin and bile acids and after disturbance of oxygen utilization. The contributions of NAD(P)H, flavins, and bilirubin as well as vitamin A can be used for further studies as promising diagnostic and prognostic markers for the course of liver failure. Further work will include collecting fluorescence spectroscopy data in patients with different clinical effects of obstructive jaundice on postoperative clinical outcome after biliary decompression.
On the convexity coefficient of Musielak–Orlicz function spaces equipped with the Orlicz norm
Authors: Guo Tianbao , Cui Yunan
Published: June 2023

In Hudzik and Landes, the convexity coefficient of Musielak–Orlicz function spaces over a non‐atomic measure space equipped with the Luxemburg norm is computed whenever the Musielak–Orlicz functions are strictly convex see [6]. In this paper, we extend this result to the case of Musielak–Orlicz spaces equipped with the Orlicz norm. Also, a characterization of uniformly convex Musielak–Orlicz function spaces as well as k‐uniformly convex Musielak–Orlicz spaces equipped with the Orlicz norm is given.
Workplace Environment Microaggressions in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery: An International Survey
Authors: Lechien Jerome R. , Kan Krystal , Sims H. Steven
Published: June 2023

Objective

To survey members of the otolaryngology community about their personal and observed experiences of being treated differently because of one's physical attributes, cultural norms, or preferences in the workplace.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional survey.

Setting

International Electronic Survey.

Methods

We invited members of the international otolaryngology community including 3 European or American otorhinolaryngological Societies to complete a survey about personal/observed experience of differential treatment in the workplace related to age, biological sex; disability, gender identity, language proficiency, military experience, citizenship, ethnicity/race, political belief, and sexual orientation. Results were analyzed according to participant ethnicity/race (white vs non‐white) and gender (male vs female)

Results

Four hundred seven participants completed the evaluations: 301 white (74%) and 106 non‐white (26%) participants. Non‐white participants reported significantly more experiences of differential treatment (microaggressions) than white participants (p < .05). Non‐white participants more frequently felt that they needed to work harder for the same opportunities as their peers and were more likely to consider leaving a position because of an unsupportive environment. In general, females reported more frequent experiences with differential treatment related to sexual orientation, biological sex, and gender identity than males.

Conclusion

We recognized reports of differential treatment as a proxy for microaggressions. Non‐white members of the otolaryngology community self‐report experiencing or observing more microaggressions than white members in the workplace. Acknowledging the existence and impact of microaggressions in the field of Otolaryngology is the first step towards cultivating an inclusive, diverse workforce where all members feel supported, validated, and welcomed.
High‐Efficiency Cd‐Free CZTSSe Solar Cells with Organic Semiconductor PCBM as a Buffer Layer
Authors: Wang Yawei , Wang Lingling , Wang Yanqin , Zhao Xiangyang , Zhang Xingyu , Zhang Xintong , Liu Yichun
Published: June 2023

Replacing the traditional CdS buffer layer with more environmentally friendly materials is an urgent issue for environment‐friendly CZTSSe solar cells. Herein, a nontoxic, flexible, and conductive organic molecular semiconductor PCBM to replace CdS is used and a Cd‐free CZTSSe solar cell is obtained. By introducing mild spin‐coated ZnO window layers, the damage of PCBM in conventional sputtering ZnO process is effectively avoided, and a higher efficiency than previously reported organic semiconductor buffer layer systems and comparable to CdS buffer layer devices are achieved. The flexible PCBM covers the surface of the CZTSSe absorber layer densely and forms a flatter film surface, which is beneficial for the following ZnO deposition. The CZTSSe/PCBM interface exhibits a typical “spike‐like” energy band alignment with a conduction band offset value of only 0.1 eV. Compared with CZTSSe/CdS interface, the CZTSSe/PCBM heterojunction possesses larger interfacial recombination resistance and a longer carrier lifetime. The ideal coating ability, suitable energy band alignment, as well as the better interface carriers transfer behavior suggest that the organic molecular semiconductors can be used instead of the CdS buffer layer to pave the way for truly environment‐friendly kesterite photovoltaic devices.
Multi‐state network meta‐analysis of progression and survival data
Authors: Jansen Jeroen P. , Incerti Devin , Trikalinos Thomas A.
Published: June 2023

Multiple randomized controlled trials, each comparing a subset of competing interventions, can be synthesized by means of a network meta‐analysis to estimate relative treatment effects between all interventions in the evidence base. Here we focus on estimating relative treatment effects for time‐to‐event outcomes. Cancer treatment effectiveness is frequently quantified by analyzing overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS). We introduce a method for the joint network meta‐analysis of PFS and OS that is based on a time‐inhomogeneous tri‐state (stable, progression, and death) Markov model where time‐varying transition rates and relative treatment effects are modeled with parametric survival functions or fractional polynomials. The data needed to run these analyses can be extracted directly from published survival curves. We demonstrate use by applying the methodology to a network of trials for the treatment of non‐small‐cell lung cancer. The proposed approach allows the joint synthesis of OS and PFS, relaxes the proportional hazards assumption, extends to a network of more than two treatments, and simplifies the parameterization of decision and cost‐effectiveness analyses.
Effect of Microstructure and Surficial Oxidation on the Wear Behavior of an UNS S41003 Stainless Steel
Authors: Faria Geraldo Lúcio de , Moreira Paulo Sérgio , Pinto Maria Aparecida
Published: June 2023

The UNS S41003 ferritic stainless steel is a low‐carbon alloy that has great corrosion and oxidation performances in wet and aqueous environments, as well as it has high mechanical strength and ductility when compared to the most ordinary low‐carbon steels. These great characteristics, allied to its relatively low manufacturing cost, have made it a potential option to replace structural steels in many applications. Although it is a current trend, there are still few published studies that relate this steel manufacturing process with microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior, mainly regarding its wear behavior, which is a substantial and sometimes limiting characteristic for its applications. In this context, this article presents a pioneering study about the use of biphasic microstructures (ferrite–martensite) and controlled surficial oxidation to enrich the wear behavior of a UNS S41003 steel type. This study concludes that, if well planned, both the increase of martensite fraction and the controlled growth of an adherent and compact oxide layer on the steel surface significantly improve its wear performance, decreasing its wear rate up to 93%.
Intergenerational toxic effects of parental exposure to [Cnmim]NO3 (n = 2,4,6) on nervous and skeletal development in zebrafish offspring
Authors: Lu Xin , He Yan , Liu Yue , Wang Xin‐ping , Xue Yu‐ling , Zheng Zi‐yi , Duan Su‐yang , Kong Hong‐liang , Zhang Rong‐zhi , Huang Jiao‐long , Deng Jie , Duan Peng
Published: June 2023

Ionic liquids (ILs) are thought to have negative effects on human health. Researchers have explored the effects of ILs on zebrafish development during the early stages, but the intergenerational toxicity of ILs on zebrafish development has rarely been reported. Herein, parental zebrafish were exposed to different concentrations (0, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/L) of [Cnmim]NO3 (n = 2, 4, 6) for 1 week. Subsequently, the F1 offspring were cultured in clean water for 96 h. [Cnmim]NO3 (n = 2, 4, 6) exposure inhibited spermatogenesis and oogenesis in F0 adults, even causing obvious lacunae in the testis and atretic follicle oocytes in ovary. After parental exposure to [Cnmim]NO3 (n = 2, 4, 6), the body length and locomotor behavior were measured in F1 larvae at 96 hours post‐fertilization (hpf). The results showed that the higher the concentration of [Cnmim]NO3 (n = 2, 4, 6), the shorter the body length and swimming distance, and the longer the immobility time. Besides, a longer alkyl chain length of [Cnmim]NO3 had a more negative effect on body length and locomotor behavior. RNA‐seq analysis revealed several downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs)—grin1b, prss1, gria3a, and gria4a—enriched in neurodevelopment‐related pathways, particularly the pathway for neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction. Moreover, several upregulated DEGs, namely col1a1a, col1a1b, and acta2, were mainly associated with skeletal development. Expression of DEGs was tested by RT‐qPCR, and the outcomes were consistent with those obtained from RNA‐Seq. We provide evidence showing the effects of parental exposure to ILs on the regulation of nervous and skeletal development in F1 offspring, demonstrating intergenerational effects.
Rechtsfragen in den einzelnen Beziehungen der Echtzeitüberweisung
Authors: Rakers Marius
Published: June 2023

Die rechtlichen Herausforderungen der Echtzeitüberweisung, welche sich aus den zur konventionellen Überweisung unterschiedlichen Merkmalen ergeben, betreffen sämtliche Vertragsverhältnisse im Rahmen der Ausführung. Dabei wirken sich einige Charakteristika in mehreren Vertragsverhältnissen gleichzeitig aus. Da der anwendbare Rechtsrahmen je nach Verhältnis divergiert, werden die sich ergebenden Fragestellungen in solche des Deckungs-, Valuta-, Inkasso- und Interbankenverhältnisses gegliedert.
Analytical Modelling Rock Bolts with a Closed Nonlinear Model
Authors: Chen Jianhang , Li Yongliang , Zhang Junwen
Published: June 2023

Rock bolts have been used in the mining industry for a long time. They are used as the reinforcement tendons to keep the stability of openings in underground mining and the slope in open-pit mining.
On-shell supersymmetry and higher-spin amplitudes
Authors: Balasubramanian Mahesh K. N. , Chakraborty Kushal , Rudra Arnab , Saha Arnab Priya
Published: June 2023

Abstract

We use on-shell Supersymmetry to constrain the three-point function of two massless particles and one massive particle in 3+1 dimensions. We use this information to write down the tree-level four-point function of massless particles for $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1, 2 and 4 theories. In particular, we derive the expressions for four-photon/gluon amplitudes with massive higher spin exchange in theories with $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 Supersymmetry in 3+1 dimensions.
Bootstrap bounds on D0-brane quantum mechanics
Authors: Lin Henry W.
Published: June 2023

Abstract

We derive simple bootstrap bounds on correlation functions of the BFSS matrix theory/D0-brane quantum mechanics. The result strengthens and extends Polchinski’s virial theorem bound to finite energies and gives the first non-trivial bound on ⟨Tr X2⟩. Despite their simplicity, the bounds hint at some features of the dual black hole geometry. Our best lower bounds are already a factor of ∼ 2 from existing Monte Carlo results.
Influence of shielding gas coverage during laser hot-wire cladding with high carbon steel
Authors: Budde Laura , Biester Kai , Coors Timm , Faqiri Mohamad Yusuf , Lammers Marius , Hermsdorf Jörg , Hassel Thomas , Pape Florian , Overmeyer Ludger
Published: June 2023

In contrast to conventional components made from a single material, hybrid multi-material components allow the production of load-adapted parts with different materials in different structural and functional areas. Hardenable and forgeable steels with a high carbon content are suitable for increasing fatigue and wear resistance and thus an extension of component life. However, materials with an equivalent carbon content of more than 0.6 are considered difficult to weld due to their tendency to crack. This study investigates the influence of the shielding gas coverage on the laser hot-wire cladding process with high carbon cladding material AISI 52100. For this reason, welding tests were carried out with different parameter combinations in a process chamber flooded with argon. The oxygen content in the chamber was less than 500 ppm during the welding process. The claddings welded in the process chamber are compared to the claddings welded in a previous investigation with a commercial shielding gas nozzle for laser deposition welding with wire. The tests conducted showed reduced pore formation and very little sparking. By using a process chamber, the average degree of dilution was reduced from 16.9% to 8.5% and burn-off of alloying elements was reduced. In most cases, high hardness values of 700 HV0.1 to 850 HV0.1 were achieved. The use of the process chamber demonstrates that the shielding gas coverage and therefore the remaining oxygen content have a high influence on the process stability and seam quality when welding high carbon steel. Such a considerable effect has not yet been observed with other commercially available cladding steels.
Distinct hemodynamic and functional connectivity features of fatigue in clinically isolated syndrome and multiple sclerosis: accounting for the confounding effect of concurrent depression symptoms
Authors: Antypa Despina , Simos Nicholas John , Panou Theodora , Spyridaki Eirini , Kagialis Antonios , Kosteletou Emmanouela , Kavroulakis Eleftherios , Mastorodemos Vasileios , Papadaki Efrosini
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This study aims to identify common and distinct hemodynamic and functional connectivity (FC) features for self-rated fatigue and depression symptoms in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS).

Methods

Twenty-four CIS, 29 RR-MS patients, and 39 healthy volunteers were examined using resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) to obtain whole-brain maps of (i) hemodynamic response patterns (through time shift analysis), (ii) FC (via intrinsic connectivity contrast maps), and (iii) coupling between hemodynamic response patterns and FC. Each regional map was correlated with fatigue scores, controlling for depression, and with depression scores, controlling for fatigue.

Results

In CIS patients, the severity of fatigue was associated with accelerated hemodynamic response in the insula, hyperconnectivity of the superior frontal gyrus, and evidence of reduced hemodynamics–FC coupling in the left amygdala. In contrast, depression severity was associated with accelerated hemodynamic response in the right limbic temporal pole, hypoconnectivity of the anterior cingulate gyrus, and increased hemodynamics–FC coupling in the left amygdala. In RR-MS patients, fatigue was associated with accelerated hemodynamic response in the insula and medial superior frontal cortex, increased functional role of the left amygdala, and hypoconnectivity of the dorsal orbitofrontal cortex, while depression symptom severity was linked to delayed hemodynamic response in the medial superior frontal gyrus; hypoconnectivity of the insula, ventromedial thalamus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and posterior cingulate; and decreased hemodynamics–FC coupling of the medial orbitofrontal cortex.

Conclusion

There are distinct FC and hemodynamic responses, as well as different magnitude and topography of hemodynamic connectivity coupling, associated with fatigue and depression in early and later stages of MS.
Normal organ dosimetry for thyroid cancer patients treated with radioiodine as part of the multi-centre multi-national Horizon 2020 MEDIRAD project
Authors: Taprogge Jan , Vergara-Gil Alex , Leek Francesca , Abreu Carla , Vávrová Lenka , Carnegie-Peake Lily , Schumann Sarah , Eberlein Uta , Lassmann Michael , Schurrat Tino , Luster Markus , Verburg Frederik A. , Vallot Delphine , Vija Lavinia , Courbon Frédéric , Newbold Kate , Bardiès Manuel , Flux Glenn
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Dosimetry is rarely performed for the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer patients with Na[131I]I (radioiodine), and information regarding absorbed doses delivered is limited. Collection of dosimetry data in a multi-centre setting requires standardised quantitative imaging and dosimetry. A multi-national, multi-centre clinical study was performed to assess absorbed doses delivered to normal organs for differentiated thyroid cancer patients treated with Na[131I]I.

Methods

Patients were enrolled in four centres and administered fixed activities of 1.1 or 3.7 GBq of Na[131I]I using rhTSH stimulation or under thyroid hormone withdrawal according to local protocols. Patients were imaged using SPECT(/CT) at variable imaging time-points following standardised acquisition and reconstruction protocols. Whole-body retention data were collected. Dosimetry for normal organs was performed at two dosimetry centres and results collated.

Results

One hundred and five patients were recruited. Median absorbed doses per unit administered activity of 0.44, 0.14, 0.05 and 0.16 mGy/MBq were determined for the salivary glands of patients treated at centre 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Median whole-body absorbed doses for 1.1 and 3.7 GBq were 0.05 Gy and 0.16 Gy, respectively. Median whole-body absorbed doses per unit administered activity of 0.04, 0.05, 0.04 and 0.04 mGy/MBq were calculated for centre 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively.

Conclusions

A wide range of normal organ doses were observed for differentiated thyroid cancer patients treated with Na[131I]I, highlighting the necessity for individualised dosimetry. The results show that data may be collated from multiple centres if minimum standards for the acquisition and dosimetry protocols can be achieved.
Effect of adenoid size on the post-adenoidectomy hypernasality in children with a normal palate
Authors: Abdel-Aziz Mosaad , Hady Aisha Fawzy Abdel , Sheikhany Ayatallah Raouf , Yousef Ahmed Ibrahim , Sabry Omar Aly , Farag Heba Mahomoud
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Adenoidectomy, either alone or with tonsillectomy, is a common surgical procedure in the field of pediatric otorhinolaryngology. Resonance function may be altered postoperatively in the form of hypernasality, which is usually transient. This study aimed to investigate the effect of adenoid size on post-adenoidectomy hypernasality in children with a normal palate.

Methods

Seventy-one children with different degrees of adenoid hypertrophy were included in this prospective observational study. Endoscopic assessment of the adenoid size and preoperative and postoperative evaluation of speech (at 1 and 3 months) with auditory perceptual assessment (APA) and nasometry were performed.

Results

APA showed preoperative hyponasality in 59.1% of children and was found to be significantly related to the adenoid size, with more hyponasality in grades 3 and 4. One month postoperatively, hypernasality was detected in 26.7% of patients and was found to be related to the preoperative adenoid size with higher hypernasality in grades 3 and 4. Three months postoperatively, all patients had gained normal nasality except one (1.4%) who was subjected to a longer follow-up period. Nasometric assessment showed significant differences at the three visits (pre, 1, and 3 months postoperatively), with a negative correlation between the grade of adenoid size and nasalance scores preoperatively and a significant positive correlation between them at 1 month postoperatively. However, no significant correlation was detected at 3 months postoperatively.

Conclusion

Transient hypernasality may develop in some patients after adenoidectomy, especially in children with a larger preoperative adenoid size. However, transient hypernasality generally resolves spontaneously within 3 months.
Schizophrenia polygenic risk score in psychosis proneness
Authors: Mas-Bermejo Patricia , Papiol Sergi , Via Marc , Rovira Paula , Torrecilla Pilar , Kwapil Thomas R. , Barrantes-Vidal Neus , Rosa Araceli
Published: June 2023

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex disorder with a highly polygenic inheritance. It can be conceived as the extreme expression of a continuum of traits that are present in the general population often broadly referred to as schizotypy. However, it is still poorly understood how these traits overlap genetically with the disorder. We investigated whether polygenic risk for SZ is associated with these disorder-related phenotypes (schizotypy, psychotic-like experiences, and subclinical psychopathology) in a sample of 253 non-clinically identified participants. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were constructed based on the latest SZ genome-wide association study using the PRS-CS method. Their association with self-report and interview measures of SZ-related traits was tested. No association with either schizotypy or psychotic-like experiences was found. However, we identified a significant association with the Motor Change subscale of the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS) interview. Our results indicate that the genetic overlap of SZ with schizotypy and psychotic-like experiences is less robust than previously hypothesized. The relationship between high PRS for SZ and motor abnormalities could reflect neurodevelopmental processes associated with psychosis proneness and SZ.
Unlocking the depths: multiple factors contribute to risk for hypoxic blackout during deep freediving
Authors: Mulder Eric , Staunton Craig , Sieber Arne , Schagatay Erika
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To examine the effect of freediving depth on risk for hypoxic blackout by recording arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) during deep and shallow dives in the sea.

Methods

Fourteen competitive freedivers conducted open-water training dives wearing a water-/pressure proof pulse oximeter continuously recording HR and SpO2. Dives were divided into deep (> 35 m) and shallow (10–25 m) post-hoc and data from one deep and one shallow dive from 10 divers were compared.

Results

Mean ± SD depth was 53 ± 14 m for deep and 17 ± 4 m for shallow dives. Respective dive durations (120 ± 18 s and 116 ± 43 s) did not differ. Deep dives resulted in lower minimum SpO2 (58 ± 17%) compared with shallow dives (74 ± 17%; P = 0.029). Overall diving HR was 7 bpm higher in deep dives (P = 0.002) although minimum HR was similar in both types of dives (39 bpm). Three divers desaturated early at depth, of which two exhibited severe hypoxia (SpO2 ≤ 65%) upon resurfacing. Additionally, four divers developed severe hypoxia after dives.

Conclusions

Despite similar dive durations, oxygen desaturation was greater during deep dives, confirming increased risk of hypoxic blackout with increased depth. In addition to the rapid drop in alveolar pressure and oxygen uptake during ascent, several other risk factors associated with deep freediving were identified, including higher swimming effort and oxygen consumption, a compromised diving response, an autonomic conflict possibly causing arrhythmias, and compromised oxygen uptake at depth by lung compression possibly leading to atelectasis or pulmonary edema in some individuals. Individuals with elevated risk could likely be identified using wearable technology.
Informal care at old age at home and in nursing homes: determinants and economic value
Authors: Roquebert Quitterie , Tenand Marianne
Published: June 2023

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of informal care receipt by the French individuals aged 60 or older. The literature has focused on the community, leaving informal care in residential care settings in the shadow. We leverage data from a representative survey (CARE) conducted in 2015–2016 on both community-dwelling individuals and nursing home residents. Focusing on the 60+ with activity restrictions, we show that 76% of nursing home residents receive help with the activities of daily living from relatives, against 55% in the community. The number of hours conditional on receipt is yet 3.5 times higher in the community. Informal care represents 186 million hours per month and a value equivalent to 1.1% of GDP at least, care in the community representing 95% of the total. We investigate the determinants of informal care receipt. Using an Oaxaca-type approach, we disentangle between two mechanisms explaining that nursing home residents are more likely to receive informal care, namely the differences in population composition (endowments) and the differences in the association of individual characteristics with informal care (coefficients). Both are found to have a similar contribution. Our results imply that private costs make up for the majority (76%) of the costs associated with long-term care provision once informal care is taken into account. They also highlight that informal care is extremely common for nursing home residents. Existing evidence on the determinants of informal care receipt in the community has, however, limited relevance to understand informal care behaviors in nursing homes.
Uptake of colorectal cancer screening after mailed fecal immunochemical test (FIT) outreach in a newly eligible 45–49-year-old community health center population
Authors: O’Leary Meghan C. , Reuland Daniel S. , Correa Sara Y. , Moore Alexis A. , Malo Teri L. , Tan Xianming , Rohweder Catherine L. , Wheeler Stephanie B. , Brenner Alison T.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

We assessed fecal immunochemical test (FIT) uptake following a mailed FIT intervention among 45–49-year-olds newly eligible for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening based on 2021 United States Preventive Services Task Force screening recommendations. We also tested the effect of an enhanced versus plain mailing envelope on FIT uptake.

Methods

In February 2022 we mailed FITs to eligible 45–49-year-olds at one Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) clinic. We determined the proportion who completed FITs within 60 days. We also conducted a nested randomized trial comparing uptake using an enhanced envelope (padded with tracking label and colored messaging sticker) versus plain envelope. Finally, we determined the change in CRC screening by any modality (e.g., FIT, colonoscopy) among all clinic patients in this age group (i.e., clinic-level screening) between baseline and 6 months post-intervention.

Results

We mailed FITs to 316 patients. Sample characteristics: 57% female, 58% non-Hispanic Black, and 50% commercially insured. Overall, 54/316 (17.1%) returned a FIT within 60 days, including 34/158 (21.5%) patients in the enhanced envelope arm versus 20/158 (12.7%) in the plain envelope arm (difference 8.9 percentage points, 95% CI: 0.6–17.2). Clinic-level screening among all 45–49-year-olds increased 16.6 percentage points (95% CI: 10.9–22.3), from 26.7% at baseline to 43.3% at 6 months.

Conclusion

CRC screening appeared to increase following a mailed FIT intervention among diverse FQHC patients aged 45–49. Larger studies are needed to assess acceptability and completion of CRC screening in this younger population. Visually appealing mailers may improve uptake when implementing mailed interventions.

Trial registration The trial was registered on May 28, 2020 at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT04406714).
Quality of fish eggs and production of androgenetic and gynogenetic doubled haploids (DHs)
Authors: Ocalewicz Konrad
Published: June 2023

Induced development of haploid embryos (H) with only paternal (androgenesis) or maternal (gynogenesis) chromosomes requires irradiation of eggs before fertilization or activation of eggs with irradiated spermatozoa, respectively. To provide doubled haploids (DHs), androgenetic and gynogenetic haploid zygotes need to be subjected to the thermal or high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) shock to suppress the first mitotic cleavage and to double paternal or maternal haploid set of chromosomes. Androgenesis and mitotic gynogenesis (mito-gynogenesis) result in the generation of fully homozygous individuals in a single generation. DHs have been utilized in selective breeding programs, in studies concerning the phenotypic consequences of recessive alleles and to evaluate the impact of sex chromosomes on the early ontogeny. Moreover, the use of DHs for the NGS approach radically improves de novo the assembly of the genomes. However, reduced survival of the doubled haploids limits the wide application of androgenotes and gynogenotes. The high mortality of DHs may be only partly explained by the expression of recessive traits. Observed inter-clutch variation in the survival of DHs developing in eggs originating from different females make it necessary to take a closer look at the quality of the eggs used during induced androgenesis and gynogenesis. Moreover, the developmental competence of eggs that are subjected to irradiation before fertilization in order to deactivate maternal chromosomes when undergoing induced androgenesis and exposed to the physical shock after fertilization that leads to the duplication of the zygotes in both mito-gynogenesis and androgenesis may be also altered as irradiation and sublethal values of temperatures and hydrostatic pressure are considered as harmful for the cell organelles and biomolecules. Here, recently provided results concerning the morphological, biochemical, genomic, and transcriptomic characteristics of fish eggs showing high and low competence for androgenesis and mito-gynogenesis are reviewed.