bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Informal Cross-Border Trade on Kenya-Uganda Foreign Relations
Authors: Atozo Zachariah Onditi , Ndalilah Joseph W.
Published: May 2024

This paper generally discusses the intricate dynamics of Informal Cross-Border Trade (ICBT) and its profound impact on Kenya-Uganda foreign relations. It is observed in this study that, Kenya and Uganda share a similar history, geography and a distinct cultural background, key to their social and economic relations. It is further noted that Kenya plays a significant role in Uganda's history and vice versa, sometimes influencing each other. Both countries are significant trading partners, but mostly informally, which has expanded in the post-independence period. This is attributed to their shared history, culture, and geography. Since the pre-colonial period, communities in the geographical area that came to be defined as the border between the two countries engaged in informal trade. The paper holds that, Informal Cross Border Trade along the Kenya-Uganda border has shaped the foreign relations between the two countries. The study applied territoriality theory to interpret the impact of ICBT on Kenya-Uganda foreign relations. The theory holds that, each sovereign state has authority to manage resources within its borders. The study used both primary and secondary sources. This study demonstrates that ICBT, positively influences Kenya-Uganda foreign relations. It also expands knowledge on the impact of ICBT on foreign relations.
Experiential Knowledge as a Musical Resource
Authors: Maina KettyJackline
Published: May 2024

Historically, music pedagogy has witnessed the implementation of diverse teaching models in different educational settings. Within the academic realm, for example, music theory and instrumental training approaches have been developed to align with standardized curricula, considering the diverse musical histories and cultures across the globe. Even so, there is a growing trend among individuals to explore alternative modes of instruction beyond traditional school environments. These alternative methods encompass online platforms and one-on-one in-person tutoring, among other options. Such modalities have prompted recognition of exponents who provide music tutorage having not acquired formal music training but possess knowledge through lived experience. Their practically inclined teaching approaches and demonstration of musical artistry have sparked interest in people, who subsequently aspire to learn music and play instruments. Their efforts have played a crucial role in fostering the need for music education in the music domain and the entire art industry. In doing so, they establish a prominent presence in music pedagogy, and consequently, in formal educational settings. Considering this, I examine the contributions by such educators within the music industry, particularly in the field of education. Using qualitative case study methods such as interviews, I explored different non-formal pedagogical approaches and interrogated their impact on learners. Insights from these interviews revealed that observation, replication, and innovation are utilized as instructional approaches in non-formal settings, with students studying under peers, master musicians, and family members. Through this, students acquire musical exposure as they develop skills that align with the music industry. Such training ought to be integrated into academic curricula to enhance music scholarship and ensure its relevance locally and within global contexts.
Building a Supportive Learning Environment: The Role of Psychology in Increasing Student Motivation and Engagement
Authors: Dalimunthe Hairul Anwar , Dewi Ira Kesuma , Yunita Yunita , Faadhil Faadhil , Lubis Doli Maulana Gama Samudera
Published: May 2024

A conducive and supportive learning environment is essential in increasing student motivation and engagement. Psychology, as a science that studies human behavior and mental processes, has an important role in understanding and creating an effective learning environment. The aim of this research is to understand how psychology can play a role in building a supportive learning environment, as well as to explore effective strategies in increasing student motivation and engagement in it. In this study, research was conducted using a qualitative method with a literature study approach as a data collection technique. After the data is collected, data analysis is carried out through three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings of this research show that psychology plays an important role in understanding students' needs and characteristics, building positive relationships between teachers and students, and creating a conducive learning atmosphere. Strategies for building a supportive learning environment based on psychological understanding include providing meaningful and relevant learning, giving students opportunities to learn actively and independently, providing positive and constructive feedback, building positive relationships between teachers and students and creating a learning atmosphere. conducive and safe
การดำเนินนโยบายการต่างประเทศของสหรัฐอเมริกาต่อเวียดนามตั้งเเต่ยุคโอบามาจนถึงต้นยุค โจ ไบเดน
Authors:   , โพลงพันธ์ ณัฐนันท์
Published: May 2024

สารนิพนธ์ฉบับนี้มุ่งศึกษาความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างสหรัฐอเมริกากับสาธารณรัฐสังคมนิยมเวียดนามตั้งแต่ยุคบริหารของประธานาธิบดี บารัค โอบามา จนถึงยุคประธานาธิบดี โจ ไบเดน เพื่อทำความเข้าใจเหตุผลว่าทำไมสหรัฐฯ ถึงให้ความสำคัญกับเวียดนาม โดยมุ่งตอบคำถามว่าแต่ละยุคสมัยนั้นการดำเนินนโยบายการต่างประเทศของสหรัฐฯ ต่อเวียดนามมีความต่อเนื่องและต่างกันอย่างไร โดยใช้แนวคิด partnership – alliance เป็นกรอบการวิเคราะห์ เพื่อเสนอจุดยืนว่า ทั้งสามนโยบาย Pivot to Asia, Free and Open Indo-Pacific และ Indo-Pacific Strategy ของสามยุคสมัยประธานาธิบดีสหรัฐฯ โอบามา ทรัมป์ และโจ ไบเดน มีวัตถุประสงค์หลักที่ต่อเนื่องกันคือการคานการผงาดขึ้นมาของจีนที่เป็นมหาอำนาจใหม่ที่กำลังท้าทายสถานภาพของสหรัฐอเมริกาในภูมิภาคเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้และคงไว้สถานะมหาอำนาจของสหรัฐฯ โดยเน้นส่งเสริมด้านเศรษฐกิจและ    ความมั่นคง แต่แตกต่างกันตรงที่วิธีการดำเนินนโยบายต่อเวียดนามจะปรับตามแนวคิดของแต่ละยุคประธานาธิบดี
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Sosiologi Dengan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Group Investigasi
Authors: Rasyid Marsida
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to determine whether the Group Investigation Learning Model can improve sociology learning outcomes at IPS SMA Muhammadiyah Lamahala. This type of research was Classroom Action Research (PTK), intended to enhance classroom learning. The subjects of this study were students of class XI IPS 2 SMA Muhammadiyah Lamahala, who had a total of 25 students. The instrument used in this study was a test. The research data was analyzed by using quantitative data analysis. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that applying the Group Investigation learning model can improve sociology learning outcomes in class XI IPS 2 SMA Muhammadiyah Lamahala by about in the excellent category; in the first cycle, the number of values was 1.520 with an average of 60.8 increasing in the exceptional category, and in the second cycle, the number of values was 2.100 with an average of 84 rising to in the outstanding category. These results have achieved the success criteria set by the researcher, namely 80% above KKM 75.
Analisis Kompetensi Profesional Guru Dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Sosiologi
Authors: Bauk Mikael
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the professional competence of teachers in improving the learning outcomes of sociology in class X IPS 1 at Kapan State High School and the obstacles faced by Sociology teachers at Kapan Public High School in increasing their professionalism. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research method. Data collection techniques were carried out using observation, interviews, and documentation. The subjects of this study were the school principal and sociology teacher. The data analysis technique uses data reduction, compilation, categorization, and conclusions. Based on the results of this study show that teachers at Kapan State High School cannot be said to be professional; this is because, first, the learning process does not have a sociology subject teacher; some teachers are required to teach sociology even though the teacher is not a sociology subject teacher so that the delivery of sociology subjects is not according to the material presented by the teacher. Second, there are learning barriers that do not include the criteria for completeness of KKM in schools due to teachers who are not always in their scientific field in improving learning outcomes, such as teachers having difficulty in dividing teaching time between sociology and geography, lack of professional educators in the field of sociology, and lesson planning. Thus, the results of learning sociology at the Kapan State High School are ineffective. This is because schools still face many obstacles in providing educators who work in the field of sociology.
APLIKASI PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI MEDIA GAMBAR GUNA MENINGKATKAN PANCA INDRA UNTUK ANAK USIA DINI BERBASIS MULTIMEDIA DI PAUD DAHLIA PANDEGLANG
Authors: Rohman Ali , Untirtha Pratama Gelard
Published: May 2024

Dengan adanya perkembangan teknologi informasi otomatis terjadi luapan data informasi yang mengalir secara dinamis tanpa batas dan tanpa mengenal waktu. Mungkin ada satu hal yang tidak boleh kita lupakan bahwa data-data dapat dikomunikasikan bantuan dengan yang namanya gambar. Salah satu pembelajaran yang sangat populer saat ini yaitu media pembelajaran mengenal panca indra. Analisa yang di gunakan adalah mempelajari sejumlah informasi tentang pembelajaran panca indra serta mengumpulkan bahan yang berkaitan dengan panca indra yang akan di gunakan dalam program aplikasi ini. Seperti mencari dan mengedit gambar. Adapun tujuan agar dapat membantu para pemula untuk belajar mengenal panca indra sehingga dapat memberikan kemudahan dalam mempelajarinya, tanpa harus menyesuaikan waktu pembelajarannya. Maka di buatlah program aplikasi mengenal panca indra. Pembelajaran panca indra melalui media pembclajaran ini merupakan media yang berguna untuk membantu mengenal panca indra, melalui media pembelajaran panca indra ini menjadisuatu hal yang menarik dan efektif karena di rancang dengan gambar, animasi, dan suara yang mendukung suasana belajar..
Analisis Dan Optimalisasi Jaringan Komputer Menggunakan Metode Per Connection Queue Pada SMAN 1 Sumbawa Besar
Authors: Rifka Muhammad , W Yunanri
Published: May 2024

SMAN 1 Sumbawa Besar menggunakan jaringan Wi-Fi dengan alokasi bandwidth sebesar 50 Mbps yang tersebar di tiga lokasi, yaitu ruang perpustakaan, lab 1, dan lab 2. Permasalahan utama yaitu pembagian bandwidth saat penggunaan bersama-sama, karena setiap pengguna yang terhubung ke Wi-Fi tidak mendapatkan pembagian bandwidth yang merata. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dan mengoptimalisasi jaringan pada SMAN 1 Sumbawa Besar metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi, wawancara dan studi pustaka serta menggunakan metode Per connection queue, hasil penelitian dapat dilihat melalui pengukuran parameter quality of service yang menunjukan bahwa hasil menggunakan metode Per Connection Queue lebih baik dibandingkan sebelum munggunakan metode Per Connection Queue
Food Waste Management Model Through The Leadership of Women Entrepreneurs in a Sustainable Development Perspective (Study of Entrepreneurs Women's Culinary in Manado City)
Authors: Simbolon Rosdiana , Hakim Abdul , Ciptadi Gatot , Wike Wike
Published: May 2024

The waste production is expected to continue to increase every year in proportion to the increasing population of Manado City. The influential role of women when combined with waste problems ranging from preventing waste generation to processing it is considered capable of realizing the SDGs points mentioned above. The purpose of this study is to analyze the leadership style of female culinary entrepreneurs in Manado City, to analyze waste management regulations, especially culinary waste in Manado City, and to formulate a food waste management model through the leadership of female culinary entrepreneurs in Manado City . The results of the study show that the leadership style of women in some female entrepreneurs is responsible, always directing, thinking with a cool head, fair, always discussing problems faced by employees, wise, firm, trying to give employees motivation and examples (becoming a role model). Progress in waste management is in the form of decentralized waste management, in which waste management is separated for each sub-district, so there are 11 sub-districts. In its management, it still prioritizes the 3R principles (Reduce-Reuse-Recycle). Strategies that can be carried out to make residents participate in waste management are forced waste sorting programs, improving quality or increasing the number of 3R TPSTs with good management, simple composting programs at business locations or household locations and realizing socialization programs to culinary entrepreneurs that in order to be able to run a business, if it violates it, sanctions can be given or its business license revoked.
How the History of Class Struggle is Written on the Stock Market
Authors: Fix Blair
Published: May 2024

It was a Thursday in August when all hell broke loose. The place was Logan County, West Virginia. The year was 1921. Over the next week, one million rounds of ammunition would be fired. Up to a hundred people were killed. All told, it was the largest armed uprising since the American Civil War. Yet you’ve probably never heard of it. That’s because the battle was a  labor dispute  . It was called the Battle of Blair Mountain.
Free Capital as Power Ebook
Authors: Fix Blair
Published: May 2024

Exciting news!  Capital as Power  — the seminal text written by Jonathan Nitzan and Shimshon Bichler — is now available for free as both an epub and online book. Full disclosure: the typesetter was yours truly. What’s  Capital as Power  ? And why did I make a free ebook version? Read on to find out. You must unlearn what you have learned  1  I don’t talk much on this blog about my personal journey.
The Productivity of Bullshit Jobs
Authors: Fix Blair
Published: May 2024

I recently read David Graeber’s book Bullshit Jobs: A Theory. If you’re not familiar, David Graeber is the anthropologist who wrote Debt: The First 5000 Years, a seminal book on the history of money and credit. In  Bullshit Jobs  , Graeber takes aim at pointless work. Graeber describes a bullshit job as:  Bullshit Jobs  is based largely around testimonials from people who feel that they have bullshit jobs.
Working With Google Ngrams: A Data-Wrangling Tale
Authors: Fix Blair
Published: May 2024

This post begins with a sigh. For the last month, I’ve been working on a project that analyzes word frequency in economics textbooks. I’d hoped to have the final write up done by now. But I don’t … for reasons explained here. I’m calling this post ‘Working with Google Ngrams’. But even if you’re not interested in ngrams (i.e. word frequency), there’s useful information here.
Why America Won’t Be ‘Great’ Again
Authors: Fix Blair
Published: May 2024

They called him the  ‘Little Emperor’  . Romulus Augustus — better known as Romulus ‘Augustulus’ (‘Little Augustus’) — was the last Western Roman Emperor. He assumed the throne at the age of 16 during a period of unprecedented strife. There had been 8 emperors in the previous 20 years. Like his predecessors, the Little Emperor’s reign was short. It lasted less than a year.
One Year of Blogging
Authors: Fix Blair
Published: May 2024

Today is the one year anniversary of  Economics from the Top Down  . To mark the occasion, I though I’d share with you the 5 most-viewed posts of the last year:  Top 5 Posts  No, Productivity Does Not Explain Income Productivity Does Not Explain Wages Debunking the ‘Productivity-Pay Gap’ An Evolutionary Theory of Resource Distribution (Part 1) Real GDP: The Flawed Metric at the Heart of Macroeconomics You’ll notice that these
Frederick Soddy’s Debt Dynamics
Authors: Fix Blair
Published: May 2024

In the field of ecological economics, Frederick Soddy looms large. Born in 1877, Soddy became a chemist and eventually won a Nobel prize for work on radioactive decay. Then he turned his attention to  economics  . Between 1921 and 1934, Soddy wrote four books that looked at how money relates to the physical economy. For his ground-breaking work, Soddy was rewarded with deafening silence.
Making Beautiful Charts Using R ggplot
Authors: Fix Blair
Published: May 2024

Over the past few years, I’ve spent a huge chunk of time learning how to make beautiful graphics using R ggplot. In this post, I’m going to share what I’ve learned. I’m going to show you how to produce the following chart: This chart is from The Growth of Hierarchy and the Death of the Free Market. It shows how the employment of managers grows with energy use.
Resources for Recovering Academic Writers
Authors: Fix Blair
Published: May 2024

Hello, my name is Blair Fix. I’m a recovering academic writer. Let me explain. I’m convinced that a major part of grad school is learning to decipher academic prose. Let’s face it — academic writing is usually bad. It’s dense. It’s jargon filled. It’s often monotonous. In short, academic writing begs the reader not to read it. So a big part of grad school is learning how to read prose that was designed not to be read.
What if the Government is Just Another Firm? (Part 2)
Authors: Fix Blair
Published: May 2024

Governments are different than firms, right? Perhaps not. In Part 1 of this series, I argued that when it comes to size, governments behave like they’re ‘just another firm’. In this post, I’m going to extend the evidence. I’ll first show you that as economies develop, governments get bigger. Then I’ll explain this trend using the ‘government-as-firm’ model.
A Second Look at Hierarchy
Authors: Fix Blair
Published: May 2024

Last fall, I wrote a short article for The Mint Magazine about how income relates to hierarchy. The Mint, if you’re not familiar, does great work promoting pluralist thinking in economics. Check out their on-going Festival for Change — a festival devoted to building a better economy. Back to my aricle. I submitted a manuscript called ‘A Second Look at Hierarchy’. It got published in The Mint as Down to Size. Here’s my original manuscript.
Are We Measuring Inequality the Wrong Way?
Authors: Fix Blair
Published: May 2024

In a recent blog post called “How Not to Measure Inequality”, the anthropologist Jason Hickel argues that economists measure inequality the wrong way. Hickel thinks that standard measures of inequality (such as the Gini index), underestimate global disparities. The problem, according to Hickel, is that economists measure  relative  inequality. Hickel thinks we should measure  absolute  inequality.
Winning the Game of Life
Authors: Fix Blair
Published: May 2024

A few weeks ago I took a dive into the empirics of life expectancy. How can we live longer, I asked, without consuming more energy? In the past, we’ve used fossil fuels as a crutch. To increase life expectancy, we’ve consumed loads more energy. Figure 1 shows the trend across all countries. Although using more energy does increase life expectancy, it’s not a sustainable option for the future.
Let’s Celebrate Being Wrong
Authors: Fix Blair
Published: May 2024

In science, being wrong is call for a celebration. Now that you think I’m crazy, let me explain. Science is about the search for  truth  . Logically, this means we should celebrate when we are  right  . But here’s the catch. How do we know when we are right? We can’t. Science is about  conditional  truth. We have ideas that we  think  are right because they have not yet been proven wrong. Science is a bit like evolution.
Why We Should Abandon Real GDP As A Measure of Economic Activity
Authors: Fix Blair
Published: May 2024

I’m reposting here an article that Erald Kolasi and I wrote for Mint Magazine. The article discusses the problems with ‘real’ GDP and possible alternatives for measuring economic activity. The published version is under a paywall, so I’m posting our (unabridged) manuscript here.
The Challenges of Doing Revolutionary Science (Part 1)
Authors: Fix Blair
Published: May 2024

Science is miraculously improbable. To work, it must fight against a deep human instinct — our desire to  conform  . As social animals, humans are built to do as others do. Why? Presumably because it’s advantageous. In our evolutionary past, conformist groups beat out non-conformist groups. And so here we sit, a conformist species.
Analysis of the Effect of Feeder Volume on Shrinkage Porosity Defects in Piston Products through the Gravity Die Casting Process
Authors: Banowati Nabila , Noviaty Veronika , Fernanda Alvi Yasin Muhammad , Mulyono Sugeng , Rahmiati Tia , Wahyudi Wandi , Rizkia Vika
Published: May 2024

To achieve defect-free casting (soundness casting) with a minimal amount of shrinkage porosity, refinement during the casting process is necessary. In the gravity die casting process, there are parameters that lead to product defects, especially in the casting design, focusing on the gating system and feeder system as pathways for the flow of molten metal to supply the molten metal into the mold cavity. This research was conducted to examine the effect of adding feeder dimensions on shrinkage porosity, specifically on Al-Si piston products with a Silicon content of 12-13%. Feeder dimensions were varied in nine variations by adding height and width to the feeder gate, initially measuring 90mm in height and 32mm in width, along with the addition of insulation to the feeder to retain the heat of the casting process. Cooling used water and argon, with water placed at the center core and pin core and argon placed on the outer mold, with a solidification time of 150 seconds and pouring time of 3 seconds considered constant. This study used a Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) approach, namely MagmaSoft or the application of software to model the gravity casting system process. The results showed the lowest percentage of shrinkage at feeder dimensions of 114mm in height and 45mm in width with a mold temperature of 220°C was 0.76% of the product
Caesarean Section Trend in a Selected Hospital between 2014 And 2019: Observational Study
Authors: Al–Asabe Qaid Hasan Ali , Al-Haddad Ahmed Mohammed , Al-Emad Adel Ahmed
Published: May 2024

Caesarean section is a life-saving surgical procedure that can prevent complications and mortality of maternal and new-born when used for clinically indicated reasons. this study aimed to describe trends in caesarean section in private hospital under study from 2014 to 2019 Sana’a, Yemen. This study conducted as a retrospective observational study, The study population was all pregnant women admitted to labour room and gave birth between March 2014 and September 2019, and used secondary data on defined period, for 3,740 pregnant women admitted to labour room and gave birth by vaginal delivery or caesarean section. The data were analysed using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics software version 26.0.   The results of this study found that the total mean of CS rate for period of 2014 to 2019 was 65% of total deliveries, the associated factor with the caesarean section was the maternal age (P-value <,000). Also, there was a significant relationship exists between Length of Stay and mode of delivery across various age groups. Further, studies are recommended to identify determinants, indications of CS and nonclinical factors, affecting CS rate in the same hospital and others.
Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis in Adults: Etiological Factors in Yemen
Authors: Muthanna Ali Obaid
Published: May 2024

Background: Unilateral vocal fold paralysis is common finding in otolaryngology practice. It is not a diagnosis by itself. The exact incidence of unilateral vocal fold paralysis has been difficult to find out because of multiple reasons. Various etiologies known to cause this condition are neck surgery, cancer, neck trauma, and neurological disorders.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the possible etiologies of unilateral vocal fold paralysis in adult patients.
Methods: A hospital-based study was conducted at OtoLaryngology Department, Al-Thawra Teaching Hospital, Sana'a, Yemen, between January 2014-June 2018. Patients have unilateral vocal fold paralysis were enrolling in this study. All patients underwent to history, clinical examination, laboratory investigations, and radiological studies, X- ray, CT, MRI).                                                                    
Results: A total of 80 patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis, males59 (73.6%), females 21(26.4%). Age ranged from18-80 years, mean age 51.5years Left vocal fold paralysis (72.5%), while right side was (27.5%). Peripheral causes (93.7%). Idiopathic (32.5%), malignancy (31.2%), trauma (21.2%), TB (7.5%), while central causes were (6.3%), and Guillain Barre (GB) syndrome (1.3%).
Conclusion: Left vocal fold paralysis was the most common finding. Idiopathic was the most common cause, flowed by malignancies and trauma. Thyroidectomy continues to be the single most surgical procedures responsible for unilateral vocal fold paralysis. For this reason, pre and post thyroidectomy laryngoscopy should be considered in all patients undergoing thyroid surgeries
PENGUJIAN MUTU FISIK FORMULASI SEDIAAN SABUN PADAT BERBAHAN SUSU KEDELAI
Authors: Sanjiwani Ni Made Sukma Sanjiwani , Ni Nyoman Yudianti Mendra  , Agus Sudharmayasa
Published: May 2024

Soap is a product formed through the reaction between fatty acids and strong bases, which has a function as a dirt cleaner. Soap containing Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) can cause irritation for users with sensitive skin types. The use of natural ingredients is highly considered to minimize the side effects of using synthetics. Soy milk is one of the natural ingredients that can be utilized because it contains antioxidant compounds that are beneficial to ward off free radicals on the skin. Soy milk also contains saponin compounds, a natural ingredient used as a soap foaming agent that is more environmentally friendly than chemicals. This study aims to evaluate the physical quality of soy milk solid soap dosage formulations. In this study, four soap formulas were made with variations in soy milk concentrations of 11, 15 and 19%. The physical quality test parameters included organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, and foam height test. The research data was analyzed with SPSS version 25 with the Kruskal-Wallis test with a confidence level of 95%. Based on the results of the study, soy milk solid soap was obtained with good physical quality including organoleptic, homogeneity and foam height.  However, the pH value of soy milk solid soap does not comply with the provisions imposed for soap products.
International Trade and “Embedded Emissions” after KlimaSeniorinnen

Authors: Vidigal Geraldo
Published: May 2024

A key and underrated aspect of the recent triad of climate rulings of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) is that the ECtHR has brought to the fore the role of trade-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in states’ carbon footprints. While most international climate agreements focus on the reduction of domestic GHG emissions, in the Verein KlimaSeniorinnen Schweiz and Others v. Switzerland Judgment (KlimaSeniorinnen), the ECtHR found ‘attributable’ to Switzerland the GHG emissions taking place abroad, ‘embedded’ into goods (and possibly services) ‘consumed’ in Switzerland. As I will argue, the ruling appears to require Switzerland to adopt a climate-oriented trade policy.
Nicaragua Comes Up Empty
Authors: Becker Michael A
Published: May 2024

On 30 April 2024, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) rejected a request by Nicaragua for the indication of provisional measures in connection with claims relating to Germany’s support for Israel in the ongoing Gaza conflict. In a terse, sparsely-reasoned decision, the Court decided 15-1 that the circumstances were ‘not such as to require the exercise of its power under Article 41 of the Statute to indicate provisional measures’. While this outcome was not necessarily surprising to those who had followed the proceedings, the Court’s approach—in which it declined to address the usual requirements for the indication of provisional measures—was unusual.
Effect of basal and foliar application of diammonium phosphate in cognizance with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on growth, yield and quality of rainfed chickpea (Cicer arietinum)
Authors: UMESH SINGH  , BHAGWAN SINGH
Published: May 2024

A rainfed experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2011–12 and 2012–13 at Kumarganj, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh to study the effect of diammonium phosphate (DAP) applied through soil and foliage in conjunction with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on growth characters, yield attributes and yield, seed protein content, nutrient uptake and phosphorus-use efficiency (PUE) of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The application of 50 kg DAP/ha as basal + 50 kg DAP/ha as foliar in 2 splits 45 and 60 days after sowing + PSB significantly increased the growth attributes (plant height, primary branches/plant, leaf area/plant, number and dry weight of nodules/plant, root and shoot dry weight/plant, root: shoot ratio), yield attributes and yield (pods/plant, 1,000-seed weight, seed yield, biological yield), seed protein content, N and P uptake and PUE of chickpea. However, seeds/ pod and harvest index were not affected significantly due to the application of DAP in cognizance with PSB. Thus, split application of 100 kg DAP/ha (½ through soil + ½ through foliage in 2 splits at 45 and 60 DAS) in conjunction with PSB proved effective in enhancing growth, yield (1,486 kg/ha; 102% increase over the control) and quality of chickpea grown under rainfed conditions.
Growth, yield and economic returns from the dual purpose baby corn (Zea mays) under different planting geometry and nitrogen levels
Authors: EAJAZ AHMAD DAR  , AMARJIT SINGH HARIKA  , ASHIM DATTA  , HANUMAN SAHAY JAT
Published: May 2024

A field experiment was conducted during rainy season of 2012 at Karnal, Haryana to evaluate the effect of 6 planting geometry viz. 40 cm × 15 cm, 40 cm × 20 cm, 50 cm × 15 cm, 50 cm × 20 cm, 60 cm × 15 cm and 60 cm × 20 cm and 4 levels of nitrogen (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg/ha) on dual purpose baby corn (Zea mays L.). The plant height, leaf area index (LAI), baby corn yield (1.88 t/ha), total green fodder yield (30.8 t/ha) as well as dry fodder yield (6.52 t/ha) were higher in 50 cm × 15 cm planting geometry than all other planting geometry, however, plant girth and fresh weight per plant were significantly higher in 60 cm × 20 cm planting geometry. Net returns ( 162.4 × 103/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.31) were higher in 50 cm × 15 cm geometry than all other planting geometry. Most of the growth and yield attributes of baby corn were significantly improved by nitrogen application up to 120 kg N/ha. However, green (32.3 t/ha) as well as dry fodder yield (6.66 t/ha) increased significantly with increase in the level of nitrogen application up to 180 kg/ha. Highest net returns ( 155.9 × 103/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.21) were recorded with the application of 180 kg N/ha.
Nutrient management for enhancing productivity of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) based intercropping system under rainfed condition
Authors: I.B. PANDEY  , S. TIWARI
Published: May 2024

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2011–12 and 2012–13 at Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Bihar, to study the effect of nutrient management for enhancing productivity of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]-based intercropping systems. Pigeonpea + turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) intercropping system, recorded significantly higher pigeonpea yield (2.00 t/ha), pigeonpea-equivalent yield (4.79 t/ha), fruiting efficiency (18.8%), water-use efficiency (6.1 kg grain/ha/mm), production efficiency (18.0 kg/ha/day) and net re turns ( 106.32 ×10/ha) than pigeonpea + maize (Zea mays L.) intercropping and sole pigeonpea. However, pigeonpea + turmeric recorded lower benefit: cost (B: C) ratio than sole pigeonpea. Significantly higher B: C ratio was recorded under pigeonpea + sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) (2.32) and pigeonpea + urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] (2.31) intercropping systems than pigeonpea + maize, pigeonpea + turmeric and sole pigeonpea. Pigeonpea + maize recorded significantly lower NPK uptake by pigeonpea than sole pigeonpea and the other in tercropping systems. Pigeonpea + mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] and pigeonpea + urdbean recorded significantly higher number and dry weight of nodules /plant than pigeonpea + maize. Application of 125% recom mended dose of fertilizer (RDF) recorded significantly higher number of branches and pods/plant, pigeonpea equivalent yield (3.39 t/ha), land-equivalent ratio (1.87), production efficiency (12.8 kg/ha/day), net returns ( 80.83 ×103/ha), benefit: cost ratio (2.17) and NPK uptake by pigeonpea than RDF and 75% RDF. Pigeonpea equivalent  yield in pigeonpea + urdbean, pigeonpea + mungbean and pigeonpea + sesame intercropping sys tems, increased significantly with the increasing levels of fertilizer up to RDF, and further increase in fertilizer level did not show significant effect on pigeonpea-equivalent yield. However, it increased significantly up to 125% RDF in pigeonpea + maize and pigeonpea + turmeric intercropping systems. Pigeonpea + urdbean and pigeonpea + mungbean increased organic carbon, available N, P, K content of the soil than the other intercropping systems and initial soil value.
Effect of integrated nutrient management on productivity and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: SANJAI CHAUDHRY  , NAUSHAD KHAN  , UDAY PRATAP SINGH  , RAM PYARE  , Y.K. SINGH  , A.K. SRIVASTAV  , V.K. VERMA  , GAUTAM VEER CHAUHAN
Published: May 2024

A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2013–14 and 2014–15 at Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, to evaluate the effect of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), alone and in combination with 10 t/ha compost, 5 t/ha vermicompost and Azotobacter and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on growth, yield at tributes, yields and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Treatments were laid out in a 3 times replicated randomized block design. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam, deficient in nitrogen and medium in phosphorus and potassium. Combined use of RDF + vermicompost @ 5 t/ha, RDF + compost @ 10 t/ha and RDF + vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + Azotobacter and PSB increased the tillers/m2 by 30.6%, 27.6% and 26.8%, respec tively, over RDF in wheat. Similarly, the combined use of RDF, compost or vermicompost and biofertilizers im proved values of yield attributes, which reflected in higher grain yield of wheat. The highest grain yield of wheat was recorded with RDF + vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + Azotobacter + PSB in the first year, and with RDF + compost @ 10 t/ha + Azotobacter + PSB in second year, though both these treatments gave at par grain yield during both the years. Averaged across 2 years, treatments RDF + vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + Azotobacter + PSB and RDF + compost @ 10 t/ha + Azotobacter + PSB increased the grain yield by 21.5 and 20.1%, respectively over the RDF.
Productivity and profitability of rice (Oryza sativa) varieties as influenced by age of seedlings in north-eastern Himalayan region
Authors: TEEKAM SINGH  , B.S. SATAPATHY  , B. LAL  , K.B. PUN
Published: May 2024

An experiment was conducted during boro (rabi) season of 2012–13 and 2013–14, at Gerua, Kamrup, Asom, India, to study the effect of different age of seedlings on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties. Ten treatment combinations of 2 different duration rice varieties, i.e. ‘Chandrama’ (175 days) and ‘Naveen’ (155 days), and 5 ages of seedlings (40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 days) were tested. ‘Chandrama’ rice recorded significantly higher grains/panicle and 1,000-seed weight as well as grain yield (5.93 and 6.50 t/ha) over ‘Naveen’ rice. Days to 50% flowering decreased with the increment in age of seedling by 2–10 days, whereas total maturity duration increased by 6–28 days. In case of age of seedlings, 40 and 50 days old seedlings showed higher values of growth and yield attributes that reflected in grain yield. There was gradual yield decrease with increment in the age of seedling due to reduced values of tillers/m2 , filled grains/panicle. The yield penalty was non-significant in case of long-duration rice variety ‘Chandrama’, while in case of ‘Naveen’, there was significant reduction in grain yield when seedling age exceeded beyond 60 days. ‘Naveen’ rice with 40 and 50 days old seedlings recorded significantly higher grain yield over 70 and 80 days seedlings respectively. Earlier farmers using their own local rice landraces which were long duration and less affected by age of seedling but with development of new semi-dwarf, medium-duration rice varieties need to be transplanted at optimum age of seedling. Thus, the age of seedling can be extended up to 60 days for those rice varieties having long duration (>175 days) while for short duration (<155 days), it should not be extended beyond 50 days.
Drip fertigation and crop management in Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
Authors: R.B. MANE  , A.D. TUMBARE  , U.S. SURVE
Published: May 2024

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 2014 and 2015 at Rahuri, Maharashtra, to study the effect of deficit irrigation, fertigation and planting techniques on growth, yield and quality parameters of Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Scheduling of irrigation at 1.0 ETc recorded significantly maximum growth, yield attributes and seed-cotton yield of Bt cotton, being at par with 0.8 ETc irrigation regime. Maximum and significantly higher seed-cotton yield was recorded in 1.0 ETc irrigation regime (3.3 t/ha), being at par with 0.8 ETc irrigation regime (3.1 t/ha) on pooled mean basis. Planting of Bt cotton at 90 cm × 90 cm was found superior to 150 cm × 60 cm in respect of growth, yield attributes and seed-cotton yield of Bt cotton. Planting of Bt cotton at 90 cm × 90 cm resulted in significantly higher seed-cotton yield (3.3 t/ha) than 150 cm × 60 cm planting (2.3 t/ha) on pooled mean basis. Fertigation of 100% GRDF up to 100 days + 20 kg MgSO4 /ha and 25 kg ZnSO4 /ha up to flowering at weekly interval + foliar spray of Fe (1.0 %) and B (0.5 %) at flowering and boll-development stages was found suitable for achieving the maximum growth, yield attributes and seed-cotton yield (3.1 t/ha) of Bt cotton. The maximum water use efficiency was obtained with 0.6 ETc irrigation regime (7.00 kg/ha-cm), followed by 0.8 ETc irrigation regime during both the years.
Effect of weed management practices on weeds, nutrient depletion and yield of rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: M. MEYYAPPAN  , C. ILANGO  , S. NATARAJAN  , A. ANGAYARKANNI
Published: May 2024

Field experiments were conducted during Navarai (rabi) seasons of 2011 and 2012 with ADT-36 rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety to evaluate the effect of weed management practices. Pooled data of the two years revealed that application of butachlor @ 1.5 kg a.i/ha followed by weekly cono-weeding from 21 to 42 days after transplanting (DAT) resulted in least weed count, dry-matter production and nutrient removal which resulted in the highest weed control efficiency, productive tillers/hill, grains/panicle, number of filled grains/panicle and enhanced the grain yield, which was 0.73 and 0.46 t/ha more compared to twice hand weeding and conventional method of butachlor application followed by hand weeding.
Intercrop and drip irrigation effects on growth, yield, water-use efficiency and economics of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius)
Authors: S.K. JATA  , M. NEDUNCHEZHIYAN  , S.K. MAITY  , M. MALLIKARJUN
Published: May 2024

A field experiment was conducted during 2012–13 and 2013–14 at Bhubaneswar, Odisha to study the effects of intercrop and drip irrigation on growth, corm yield, water-use efficiency as well as economics of production of elephant foot yam [Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson]. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with 5 replications, keeping elephant foot yam + green gram and elephant foot yam sole crop in the main plots and surface irrigation, drip irrigation at 100% cumulative pan evaporation (CPE), drip irrigation at 80% CPE and drip irrigation at 60% CPE in the sub-plots. The results revealed that, drip irrigation at 60–80% CPE resulted in higher green gram seed yield (630 kg/ha). Elephant foot yam + green gram intercropping system recorded better growth, yield attributes and yield than sole elephant foot yam. Drip irrigation at 100% and 80% CPE realized better growth, yield attributes and yield compared to other treatments. Surface irrigation resulted in higher consumptive use of water (204 cm) than drip irrigation (50, 41 and 30 cm at 100, 80 and 60 CPE respectively). The highest water-use efficiency was noticed in elephant foot yam + green gram intercropping with drip irrigation at 60% CPE (1080 kg/ha-cm). The highest net returns was recorded with elephant foot yam + green gram intercropping with drip irrigation at 100% CPE (309 × 103 /ha), which was statistically at par with elephant foot yam + green gram intercropping with drip irrigation at 80% CPE (307 × 103 /ha). Thus, elephant foot yam and green gram can be grown as an intercrop profitably with application of drip irrigation at 80% CPE to harvest greater yield and realize more returns.
Effect of tillage practices and phosphorus doses on the performance of mungbean (Vigna radiata) in semi-arid Kandahar region of Afghanistan
Authors: RAZ MOHAMMAD STORI  , KHAL MOHAMMAD AHMADZAI  , C.M. PARIHAR  , S.L. JAT  , B.N. MANDAL  , LALIT KUMAR  , B.R. MEENA
Published: May 2024

A field experiment was conducted in Kandahar, Afghanistan during summer (June-August) season of 2017 to assess the impact of different tillage practices and phosphorus doses on yield and economics of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.)]. Experiment consisted 12 treatment combinations of 3-tillage practices in main plots, viz., raised bed, zero tillage and conventional tillage and 4-phosphorus doses in sub-plots, viz. 0 (control), 40, 60 and 80 kg P2 O5 / ha. Research findings of the study showed that yield attributes, seed and stover yields, harvest index and economics of mungbean were not significantly influenced by different tillage practices. Application of P resulted significantly higher growth and yield parameters compared to absolute control. Application of 80 kg P2 O5 /ha gave the highest seed yield (0.98 t/ha) and 60 kg P2 O5 /ha gave the highest stover yield (3.92 t/ha). In terms of economics, the highest net returns (58,238 AFN/ha) was recorded with 80 kg P2 O5 /ha, and the B: C ratio was the highest (2.24) with 40 kg P2 O5 /ha.
Response of late-sown wheat (Triticum aestivum) to limited irrigation, seed rate and depth of sowing
Authors: L.K. IDNANI
Published: May 2024

A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) season of 2014–15 and 2015–16 at New Delhi, to study the effect of limited irrigation, seed rate and depth of sowing on growth, yield, water-use parameters and economics of late-sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment comprised 3 factors, viz. 3 irrigation levels [(I1 , irrigation at crown-root initation (CRI) stage; I2 , irrigation at CRI stage + 0.2 irrigation water: cumulative pan evaporation (IW : CPE) ratio; and I3, irrigation at CRI stage + 0.4 IW : CPE ratio), 3 seed rates (S1, 75; S2, 100 and S2, 125 kg/ha) and 2 depths of sowings (D1, 5 cm and D2 , 10 cm). The field experiment comprising 18 treatment combinations, replicated thrice, was laid out in strip-plot design. Interactions between irrigation levels and seed rates, and irrigation levels and depths of sowing for grain yield were significant during 2014–15. Irrigation levels, seed rates and depths of sowing also significantly affected plant height, yield attributes, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index. Irrigation at CRI stage + 0.4 IW : CPE ratio resulted in significantly the highest plant height (86.3 cm), effective tillers/m2 (407.82), spike length (14.40 cm), spikelets/spike (17.43), grains/spike (44.20), grain weight/spike (2.05 g), 1,000-grain weight (48.95 g), grain yield (4.22 and 3.75 t/ha during 2014–15 and 2015–16) and harvest index (0.497 and 0.477 during respective season). Seed rate of 125 kg/ha resulted in significantly the highest plant height (82.7 cm), effective tillers/m2 (416.66), spike length (14.62 cm), spikelets/spike (17.53), grains/ spike (40.20), grain weight/spike (2.06 g), 1,000-grain weight (47.80 g), grain yield (3.63 t/ha during 2015–16) and harvest index (0.496 and 0.456 during respective year). Sowing depth of 10 cm resulted in significantly the highest plant height (82.2 cm), effective tillers/m2 (382.64), spike length (13.94 cm), spikelets/spike (16.44), grains/spike (38.21), grain weight/spike (1.90 g), 1,000-grain weight (46.24 g), grain yield (3.95 and 3.49 t/ha during both the years) and harvest index (0.456 and 0.443 during both the years).
Penerapan Metode Naive Bayes dalam Menentukan Diagnosa Kerusakan pada Smartphone
Authors: Raja Rizki Alanta Nasution  , Relita Buaton
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi penerapan metode Naive Bayes dalam menentukan diagnosa kerusakan pada smartphone. Metode ini bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasikan kerusakan berdasarkan gejala yang diamati pada perangkat. Dengan menggunakan data gejala kerusakan dari sejumlah smartphone yang bervariasi, penelitian ini menguji efektivitas metode Naive Bayes dalam memprediksi dan menentukan diagnosa dengan akurasi yang tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode Naive Bayes mampu menghasilkan diagnosa yang akurat dan konsisten pada berbagai jenis kerusakan smartphone. Keakuratan diagnosa ini dapat menjadi dasar bagi sistem untuk memberikan rekomendasi langkah perbaikan yang tepat atau solusi kepada teknisi. Dengan demikian, penerapan metode Naive Bayes dalam industri perbaikan smartphone dapat memberikan kontribusi positif dalam meningkatkan efisiensi proses perbaikan dan kepuasan pelanggan. Penelitian ini menyoroti potensi metode analisis data yang dapat diterapkan dalam bidang teknologi informasi untuk meningkatkan kualitas layanan dan efektivitas operasional. Oleh karena itu, pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang aplikasi metode Naive Bayes dalam diagnosa kerusakan smartphone dapat memperluas pemahaman kita tentang penerapan teknologi dalam pemecahan masalah di bidang teknologi konsumen.
POTENCIAL TERAPÊUTICO DO CANABIDIOL NA DOENÇA DE ALZHEIMER
Authors: Cardoso Chasnini , Salomão Juliana , Rodrigues Pedro Eunápio , Hott Sara Cristina
Published: May 2024

A Cannabis sativa popularmente conhecida por “maconha”, é uma erva utilizada há séculos na medicina milenar devido aos seus efeitos analgésicos, tranquilizantes e sedativos e, em contrapartida, também é utilizada para fins recreativos devido ao seu efeito psicoativo. Cerca de 60 canabinóides são encontrados em sua estrutura molecular, onde os de maior destaque são o tetrahidrocanabidiol e o Canabidiol (CBD) devido as finalidades terapêuticas a eles atribuídas. A doença de Alzheimer (DA) é uma demência neurodegenerativa e progressiva que acomete importantes funções cerebrais, causando principalmente a perda de memória; isso ocorre devido ao acúmulo da proteína β-amiloide e da proteína tau nos microtúbulos que ligam o axônio do neurônio ao dendrito. O uso do CBD como terapia farmacológica na DA vem sendo estudado e está se tornando uma alternativa promissora. Pacientes tratados com CBD apresentam melhora cognitiva e comportamental, garantindo uma melhor qualidade de vida ao paciente, ao contrário dos medicamentos disponíveis que não retardam a progressão da doença, apenas aliviam os sintomas, além de causarem uma quantidade considerável de reações adversas.