bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kv3.3 Expression Enhanced by a Novel Variant in the Kozak Sequence of KCNC3
Authors: Reis Marlen Colleen , Härtel Frauke , Richter Antje Maria , Weiß Michaela , Mösle Lea-Theresa , Dammann Reinhard Heinrich , Nolte Dagmar
Published: November 2024

Pathogenic variants in KCNC3, which encodes the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv3.3, are associated with spinocerebellar ataxia type 13. SCA13 is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by ataxia, dysarthria and oculomotor dysfunction, often in combination with other signs and symptoms such as cognitive impairment. Known disease-causing variants are localized in the protein coding regions and predominantly in the transmembrane and voltage sensing domains. In a patient with an ataxic movement disorder and progressive cognitive decline, the c.-6C>A variant was detected in the Kozak sequence of KCNC3. The Kozak sequence is responsible for efficient initiation of translation. Functional analysis of the new c.-6C>A variant and the upstream 5’-UTR region of KCNC3 by luciferase assays, quantitative PCR and methylation analysis shows increased protein expression but no effect on transcription rate. Therefore, increased translation initiation of KCNC3 transcripts compared to wild-type Kozak sequence seems to be the cause of the increased expression. Variants in the regulatory elements of disease-causing genes probably play an underestimated role.
Phase Separation of FUS with Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated PARP1 Is Controlled by Polyamines, Divalent Metal Cations, and Poly(ADP-ribose) Structure
Authors: Sukhanova Maria V. , Anarbaev Rashid O. , Naumenko Konstantin N. , Hamon Loic , Singatulina Anastasia S. , Pastré David , Lavrik Olga I.
Published: November 2024

Fused in sarcoma (FUS) is involved in the formation of nuclear biomolecular condensates associated with poly(ADP-ribose) [PAR] synthesis catalyzed by a DNA damage sensor such as PARP1. Here, we studied FUS microphase separation induced by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated PARP1WT [PAR-PARP1WT] or its catalytic variants PARP1Y986S and PARP1Y986H, respectively, synthesizing (short PAR)-PARP1Y986S or (short hyperbranched PAR)-PARP1Y986H using dynamic light scattering, fluorescence microscopy, turbidity assays, and atomic force microscopy. We observed that biologically relevant cations such as Mg2+, Ca2+, or Mn2+ or polyamines (spermine4+ or spermidine3+) were essential for the assembly of FUS with PAR-PARP1WT and FUS with PAR-PARP1Y986S in vitro. We estimated the range of the FUS-to-PAR-PARP1 molar ratio and the cation concentration that are favorable for the stability of the protein’s microphase-separated state. We also found that FUS microphase separation induced by PAR-PARP1Y986H (i.e., a PARP1 variant attaching short hyperbranched PAR to itself) can occur in the absence of cations. The dependence of PAR-PARP1-induced FUS microphase separation on cations and on the branching of the PAR structure points to a potential role of the latter in the regulation of the formation of FUS-related biological condensates and requires further investigation.
Targeting Protein Misfolding and Aggregation as a Therapeutic Perspective in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Sidoryk-Węgrzynowicz Marta , Adamiak Kamil , Strużyńska Lidia
Published: November 2024

The abnormal deposition and intercellular propagation of disease-specific protein play a central role in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative disorders. Recent studies share the common observation that the formation of protein oligomers and subsequent pathological filaments is an essential step for the disease. Synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) or multiple system atrophy (MSA) are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the aggregation of the α-synucleinprotein in neurons and/or in oligodendrocytes (glial cytoplasmic inclusions), neuronal loss, and astrogliosis. A similar mechanism of protein Tau-dependent neurodegeneration is a major feature of tauopathies, represented by Alzheimer’s disease (AD), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and Pick’s disease (PD). The specific inhibition of the protein misfolding and their interneuronal spreading represents a promising therapeutic strategy against both disease pathology and progression. The most recent research focuses on finding potential applications targeting the pathological forms of proteins responsible for neurodegeneration. This review highlights the mechanisms relevant to protein-dependent neurodegeneration based on the most common disorders and describes current therapeutic approaches targeting protein misfolding and aggregation.
Probenecid Inhibits Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase and c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways in Regulating Respiratory Syncytial Virus Response
Authors: Jones Les P. , Bergeron Harrison C. , Martin David E. , Murray Jackelyn , Sancilio Fred D. , Tripp Ralph A.
Published: November 2024

We examined the effect of probenecid in regulating the ERK and JNK downstream MAPK pathways affecting respiratory syncytial virus replication. Background: We have previously shown that probenecid inhibits RSV, influenza virus, and SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro in preclinical animal models and in humans. In a Phase two randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind, dose range-finding study using probenecid to treat non-hospitalized patients with symptomatic, mild-to-moderate COVID-19, we previously showed that a 1000 mg twice daily treatment for 5 days reduced the median time to viral clearance from 11 to 7 days, and a 500 mg twice daily treatment for 5 days reduced the time to viral clearance from 11 to 9 days more than the placebo. Methods: In this study, we sought to determine the mechanism of action of the probenecid inhibition of RSV replication in human respiratory epithelial (A549) cells. Results: We show that probenecid inhibits the RSV-induced phosphorylation of JNKs and ERKs and the downstream phosphorylation of c-jun, a component of the AP-1 transcription complex needed for virus replication. The inhibition of JNKs by probenecid reversed the repression of transcription factor HNF-4. Conclusion: The probenecid inhibition of JNK and ERK phosphorylation involves the MAPK pathway that precludes virus replication.
The Evolving Role of Cannabidiol-Rich Cannabis in People with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jawed Bilal , Esposito Jessica Elisabetta , Pulcini Riccardo , Zakir Syed Khuram , Botteghi Matteo , Gaudio Francesco , Savio Daniele , Martinotti Caterina , Martinotti Stefano , Toniato Elena
Published: November 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological disease and lifelong condition. The treatment gap in ASD has led to growing interest in alternative therapies, particularly in phytocannabinoids, which are naturally present in Cannabis sativa. Studies indicate that treatment with cannabidiol (CBD)-rich cannabis may possess the potential to improve fundamental ASD symptoms as well as comorbid symptoms. This systematic review aims to assess the safety and efficacy of CBD-rich cannabis in alleviating the symptoms of ASD in both children and adults, addressing the treatment gap and growing interest in CBD as an alternative treatment. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in February 2024 using the PUBMED and Scopus databases while following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search focused on studies from 2020 onward involving human populations diagnosed with ASD and treated with CBD. Four studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The review included 353 participants with ASD from studies conducted in Israel, Turkey, and Brazil. The studies varied in design, sample size, dose, and treatment duration. Dosages of CBD were often combined with trace amounts of THC. Improvements were noted in behavioral symptoms, social responsiveness, and communication, but cognitive benefits were less consistent. Adverse effects ranged in severity. Mild effects such as somnolence and decreased appetite were common, while more concerning effects, including increased aggression, led to some cases of treatment discontinuation. CBD-rich cannabis shows promise in improving behavioral symptoms associated with ASD. However, variations in study designs, dosages, and outcome measures highlight the need for standardized assessment tools and further research to understand pharmacological interactions and optimize treatment protocols. Despite the mild adverse effects observed, larger, well-controlled trials are necessary to establish comprehensive safety and efficacy profiles.
Knockout of OsGAPDHC7 Gene Encoding Cytosolic Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Affects Energy Metabolism in Rice Seeds
Authors: Kim Jin-Young , Lee Ye-Ji , Lee Hyo-Ju , Go Ji-Yun , Lee Hye-Mi , Park Jin-Shil , Cho Yong-Gu , Jung Yu-Jin , Kang Kwon-Kyoo
Published: November 2024

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a major glycolytic enzyme that plays an important role in several cellular processes, including plant hormone signaling, plant development, and transcriptional regulation. In this study, we divided it into four groups through structural analysis of eight GAPDH genes identified in the rice genome. Among them, the expression level of five genes of cytosolic GAPDH was shown to be different for each organ. The mutation induction of the GAPDHC7 gene by the CRISPR/Cas9 system revealed that the 7 bp and 2 bp deletion, early end codon, was used in protein production. In addition, the selected mutants showed lower plant heights compared to the wild-type plants. To investigate the effect on carbohydrate metabolism, the expression of the genes of starch-branched enzyme I (SbeI), sucrose synthase (SS), and 3-phosphoglycer phosphokinase (PGK) increased the expression of the SBeI gene threefold in the knockout lines compared to the wild-type (WT) plant, while the expression of the SS and PGK genes decreased significantly. And the starch and soluble sugar content of the knockout lines increased by more than 60% compared to the WT plant. Also, the free amino acid content was significantly increased in the Gln and Asn contents of the knockout lines compared to the WT plants, while the contents of Gly and Ser were decreased. Our results suggest that OsGAPDHC7 has a great influence on energy metabolism, such as pre-harvested sprouting and amino acid content.
Vistas in Signaling Pathways Implicated in HSV-1 Reactivation
Authors: Papavassiliou Kostas A. , Sofianidi Amalia A. , Spiliopoulos Fotios G. , Gogou Vassiliki A. , Papavassiliou Athanasios G.
Published: November 2024

Ancient Greek physicians, including Hippocrates, documented skin conditions resembling herpes as early as 500 before common era (BCE), but it was not until the 1920s that Lowenstein successfully isolated the herpes virus from human lesions, significantly advancing our understanding of the infection [...]
Luminescence Study of Hydrogenated Silicon Oxycarbide (SiOxCy:H) Thin Films Deposited by Hot Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition as Active Layers in Light Emitting Devices
Authors: Ramos-Serrano Juan R. , Matsumoto Yasuhiro , Ávila Alejandro , Romero Gabriel , Meneses Maricela , Morales Alfredo , Luna José A. , Flores Javier , Minquiz Gustavo M. , Moreno-Moreno Mario
Published: November 2024

The obtention of luminescent SiOxCy:H thin films deposited by the HW-CVD technique is reported here. We study the effect of different monomethyl-silane (MMS) flow rates on the films properties. An increase in the emission bandwidth and a red-shift was observed when the MMS flow increased. The luminescence was related to optical transitions in band tail states and with less contribution from quantum confinement effects. After, the films were annealed at 750 °C in nitrogen. The annealed film deposited at the highest MMS flow showed an emission spectrum like the as-deposited film, suggesting the same emission mechanisms. By contrast, the annealed film deposited at the lowest MMS flow showed two emission bands. These bands are due to the activation of radiative defects related to oxygen-deficient centers. MOS-like structures were fabricated as electroluminescent devices using the annealed films. Only the structure of the film with the highest carbon content showed light emission in a broad band in the visible spectrum region in forward bias, with a maximum centered close to 850 nm. The light emission mechanism was related to electron thermalization in the band tail states and a direct hole injection into deep states. The trap-assisted tunneling, Poole–Frenkel emissions and Fowler–Nordheim tunneling were proposed as the charge transport mechanism.
Different Proteins as Biomarkers for Sac Shrinkage After Endovascular Aortic Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Zimmermann Alexander , Reitnauer Daniela , Yundung Yankey , Menges Anna-Leonie , Meuli Lorenz , Pelisek Jaroslav , Reutersberg Benedikt
Published: November 2024

Background: This study aims to identify circulating biomarkers by using proteomic analysis associated with sac shrinkage or expansion in patients undergoing endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Methods: Plasma samples were analysed from 32 patients treated with EVAR between 10/2009 and 10/2020. Patients were divided into two groups based on postoperative sac behaviour: sac shrinkage (≥5 mm reduction) and no shrinkage (stabilisation or expansion). Proteomic analysis was performed using high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), with abundant protein depletion to enhance the detection of low-abundant proteins. Results: Of the 32 patients, 20 exhibited sac shrinkage, and 12 showed no shrinkage. Proteomic analysis identified 632 proteins, with significant differential abundance observed after adjusting for relevant clinical parameters. Notably, neurogranin (NRGN) levels were significantly associated with hypertension and smoking, while casein alpha S1 (CSN1S1) levels varied with statin use. Differentially abundant proteins related to aortic diameter included calpastatin, SCUBE3, and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2, among others. Conclusions: Proteomic profiling revealed distinct biomarker patterns associated with sac behaviour in EVAR-treated AAA patients. These findings suggest potential therapeutic targets for enhancing EVAR outcomes and underscore the need for further investigation into the biological mechanisms underlying aneurysm sac shrinkage and stability.
Predictive Value of Preoperative Morphology Parameters in Patients Undergoing On-Pump and Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Greberski Krzysztof , Batko Jakub , Bugajski Paweł , Łuczak Maciej , Brzeziński Maciej , Bartuś Krzysztof
Published: November 2024

Background: Coronary heart disease is the most common cause of death worldwide. It is responsible for almost a third of deaths in patients over the age of 35. Various biomarkers are currently being studied in detail for their value in predicting postoperative mortality in patients undergoing CABG. Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze the predictive value of certain blood morphological parameters in CABG and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB). Methods: A total of 520 patients who underwent surgery in two consecutive years and underwent CABG (404) or OPCAB (116) were included in this retrospective study. Gender, age, comorbidities, five-year survival rate, detailed information on hospitalization, surgery, intensive care unit parameters and preoperative blood samples from the cubital vein were recorded. Inverse propensity treatment weighting was applied to adjust for confounding factors at baseline. Results: No differences were found between OPCAB and CABG as an isolated comparison. In the standardized population, patients with abnormal lymphocyte counts had an increased risk of death at one-year and five-year follow-up. In the standardized population, abnormal red blood cell distribution width (RDW-SD), neutrocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were associated with increased mortality in each period analyzed. Conclusions: Abnormal PLR, RDW-SD and NLR are associated with increased early and late mortality in patients undergoing CABG and OPCAB. Abnormal lymphocytes are only associated with increased late mortality.
Automated EEG-Based Brainwave Analysis for the Detection of Postoperative Delirium Does Not Result in a Shorter Length of Stay in Geriatric Hip Fracture Patients: A Multicentre Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: de Fraiture Emma J. , Schuijt Henk Jan , Menninga Maryse , Koevoets Iris A. I. , Verheul Tessa F. M. , van Goor Corine W. , Nijdam Thomas M. P. , van Dartel Dieuwke. , Hegeman Johannes H. , van der Velde Detlef
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Delirium in postoperative geriatric hip fracture patients is a serious and often preventable condition. If detected in time, it can be treated, but a delay in the diagnosis and initiation of treatment impairs outcomes. A novel approach to detect delirium is to use point-of-care electro-encephalogram (EEG) recording with automated analysis. In this study, the authors investigated whether screening for delirium with EEG recording and automated analysis resulted in reduced length of stay after surgery and superior screening performance in comparison to the Delirium Observation Screening Scale (DOS). Methods: This randomized control trial was conducted at two geriatric trauma centres in the Netherlands. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they were aged 70 years or above, were admitted to the geriatric trauma unit and undergoing surgery for a hip fracture. Patients were randomized to either the intervention (EEG-based brainwave analysis) or control group (DOSS screening tool). Participants were screened for delirium twice a day during three consecutive days starting at day 0 of the surgery, with the first measurement before the surgery. The primary outcome was length of stay. In addition, the screening performance for both automated EEG-based brainwave analysis and DOS was determined. Results: A total of 388 patients were included (189 per arm). There were no differences between groups in terms of median hospital length of stay (DOS 7 days (IQR 5.75–9) vs. EEG-based brainwave analysis 7 days (IQR 5–9); p = 0.867). The performance of EEG-based brainwave analysis was considerably lower than that of the DOSS in terms of discrimination between patients with and without postoperative delirium. Conclusions: Screening for postoperative delirium in geriatric hip fracture patients using automated EEG-based brainwave analysis did not result in a shorter length of stay. Additionally, the results of this study show no clear advantage in terms of the screening performance of EEG-based brainwave analysis over the current standard of care for geriatric patients with a hip fracture.
Comparative Effect of Insulin Resistance Reduction and Hormonal Alterations on Type 2 Diabetes Remission After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Shestakova Ekaterina , Stafeev Iurii , Yashkov Yury , Yurasov Anatoly , Tomilova Alina , Parfyonova Yelena , Shestakova Marina , Dedov Ivan
Published: November 2024

Background: Bariatric surgery is known to induce weight loss and diabetes remission in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the exact mechanism of glycemic normalization needs to be defined. Methods: The study included patients with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2, obesity history ≥ 10 years, and planned bariatric surgery. At baseline and 3 and 6 months after surgery, all patients underwent anthropometric measurements, body composition and blood tests (including insulin, glucagon, and incretins during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)), and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp tests. Diabetes remission was defined if the person reached HbA1c < 6.5% after surgery and glucose-lowering therapy withdrawal. Results: The study included 86 patients, divided into groups with no diabetes (control group, n = 44) and T2D (n = 42). Most patients with T2D reached normoglycemia at 6 months. BMI and insulin resistance (according to M-index) decreased in T2D group comparably to people without diabetes. At 6 months, people with T2D at baseline had less insulin and GLP-1 secretion and higher glucagon level during OGTT when compared to the control group. Conclusions: We conclude that weight and insulin resistance reduction is sufficient for T2D remission. The absence of insulin, glucagon, and incretin restoration is not crucial for the glucose metabolism in the short-term, but it may explain the relapse of T2D years after bariatric surgery.
Gender Differences for the Relative Age Effect on Physical Skills and Emotional Intelligence in Child Volleyball and Soccer Athletes
Authors: Ávila-Martínez Juan D. , Castro-Malaver Michael A. , Becerra-Patiño Boryi A. , Varón-Murcia Juliana , Cárdenas-Contreras Stefania , Pino-Ortega José
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives. The goal of this study was to assess the relative age effect and its relationship with the development of physical abilities and emotional intelligence in Colombian child athletes according to gender and the sport practiced. Methods. A cross-sectional correlational design was used. A total of 135 Colombian soccer and volleyball athletes, 62 boys and 73 girls, voluntarily participated with an average age of 13.25 ± 0.59 years. Physical skills such as SJ, CMJ, CMJA, 5, 10, and 15 m speed, CODS agility, and emotional intelligence were evaluated. Results. Statistically significant differences were found in the mood variables between Q1 and Q4 (p = 0.047, ηp2 = 0.08) and Q2 and Q4 (p = 0.035, ηp2 = 0.08). These differences are also present in the interpersonal variable between Q1 and Q4 (p = 0.003, ηp2 = 0.12), Q2 and Q4 (p = 0.009, ηp2 = 0.12), and, finally, in the total emotional quotient between Q1 and Q4 (p = 0.013, ηp2 = 0.13), Q2 and Q3 (p = 0.024, ηp2 = 0.13), and Q2 and Q4 (p = 0.005, ηp2 = 0.13). Conclusions. Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that the relative age effect appears to be sensitive to CODS agility, 15 m speed, and SJ power variables concerning gender and sport. Jump height for CMJ concerning gender and CMJA jump concerning sport were considered. Emotional intelligence appears to be a variable sensitive to the relative age effect.
Technology Assessment vs. Technology Appraisal—How to Strengthen the Science/Value Dichotomy with EU HTA?
Authors: Gsteiger Sandro , Bucher Heiner C. , Ryan James , Ruof Jörg
Published: November 2024

Many countries around the world use health technology assessment (HTA) to inform reimbursement and pricing decisions. HTA is often split into two steps, called assessment and appraisal. While the term HTA itself has been defined by international consortia, there is heterogeneity in the way different stakeholders use the terms assessment and appraisal. This creates ambiguity regarding which activities are included in technology assessment. With the new EU HTA Regulation, the HTA community should urgently seek to clarify the distinction between assessment and appraisal, as the regulation aims to centralize the clinical part of technology assessment at the European level. Failure to clarify this terminology will put the ambition of the regulation such as increased efficiency and reduction in duplication at risk. In this article, we argue that the distinction between assessment and appraisal should be seen as a science/value dichotomy. We discuss the transition from centralized assessment activities to country-level appraisal, which should culminate in a categorization of the overall added benefit in a local context. Finally, we touch on the important dimension of uncertainty always present in medical decision making.
Build Orientation-Driven Anisotropic Fracture Behaviour in Polymer Parts Fabricated by Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Ramakrishnan Karthik Ram , Selvaraj Jagan
Published: November 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) enables fabricating intricate objects with complex geometries previously unattainable through conventional methods. This process encompasses various techniques, including powder bed fusion (PBF), such as selective laser sintering (SLS) and multi-jet fusion (MJF). These techniques involve selectively melting powdered polymer material, predominantly utilizing engineering thermoplastics layer by layer to create solid components. Although their mechanical properties have been extensively characterised, very few works have addressed the influence of additive manufacturing on fracture behaviour. In this context, we present our work demonstrating the presence of anisotropy in fracture behaviour due to the build orientation as well as the PBF methods. To evaluate this anisotropy, the fracture behaviour of polyamide 12 polymer manufactured by SLS and MJF were investigated with experiments and numerical modelling of Mode I compact tension (CT) specimens. Experiments were monitored by digital image correlation (DIC) and infra-red thermography (IRT). Additionally, the fractured surfaces are analysed using scanning electron microscopy. Comparative analyses between SLS and MJF technologies unveiled dissimilar trends in mechanical strength, build-orientation effects, and fracture properties.
Shedding Light on the Italian Mesophotic Spongofauna
Authors: Toma Margherita , Bo Marzia , Bertolino Marco , Canessa Martina , Angiolillo Michela , Cau Alessandro , Andaloro Franco , Canese Simonepietro , Greco Silvestro , Bavestrello Giorgio
Published: November 2024

An analysis of 483 remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives carried out along the Italian coast on hard substrata at mesophotic depths (40–200 m) allowed an overview of the rich sponge diversity (53 taxa) of the deep continental platform to be obtained for the first time. About 40% of the potential actual species diversity was recognisable using ROV, suggesting that this group is among the richest yet underestimated using this technology in contrast to other megabenthic taxa. Additionally, the study allowed us to gather data on the current basin-scale distribution and bathymetric limits of five common and easily identifiable demosponges with up to 55% occurrence in the explored sites: Aplysina cavernicola, the group Axinella damicornis/verrucosa, Chondrosia reniformis, Foraminospongia spp., and Hexadella racovitzai. Four of these latitudinal distributions were characterised by high occurrence in the Ligurian Sea and a progressive decrease towards the south Tyrrhenian Sea, with an occasional second minor peak of occurrence in the Sicily Channel. In contrast, Foraminospongia spp. showed a maximum occurrence on the offshore reliefs and a second one in the North–central Tyrrhenian Sea, while it was almost absent in the Ligurian Sea. Trophic and biogeographic reasons were discussed as possible causes of the double-peak distributions. The vertical distributions support a more consistent occurrence of all considered taxa in deeper waters than previously known. This suggests that they may more typically belong to the mesophotic realm than the shallow waters, owing to a more extensive sampling effort in the deeper depth range. The five target taxa are typical or associated species of seven reference habitats in the recently revised UNEP/SPA-RAC classification. However, they may create such dense aggregations that they should be listed as new facies in the abovementioned classification.
Effects of Two Trichoderma Strains on Apple Replant Disease Suppression and Plant Growth Stimulation
Authors: Du Wen , Dai Pengbo , Zhang Mingyi , Yang Guangzhu , Huang Wenjing , Liang Kuijing , Li Bo , Cao Keqiang , Hu Tongle , Wang Yanan , Meng Xianglong , Wang Shutong
Published: November 2024

Fusarium oxysporum, the pathogen responsible for apple replant disease (ARD), is seriously threatening the apple industry globally. We investigated the antagonistic properties of Trichoderma strains against F. oxysporum HS2, aiming to find a biological control solution to minimize the dependence on chemical pesticides. Two of the thirty-one Trichoderma strains assessed through plate confrontation assays, L7 (Trichoderma atroviride) and M19 (T. longibrachiatum), markedly inhibited = F. oxysporum, with inhibition rates of 86.02% and 86.72%, respectively. Applying 1 × 106 spores/mL suspensions of these strains notably increased the disease resistance in embryonic mung bean roots. Strains L7 and M19 substantially protected Malus robusta Rehd apple rootstock from ARD; the plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, chlorophyll content, and defense enzyme activity were higher in the treated plants than in the controls in both greenhouse and field trials. The results of fluorescent labeling confirmed the effective colonization of these strains of the root soil, with the number of spores stabilizing over time. At 56 days after inoculation, the M19 and L7 spore counts in various soils confirmed their persistence. These results underscore the biocontrol potential of L7 and M19 against HS2, offering valuable insights into developing sustainable ARD management practices.
Peripancreatic Head Paraganglioma Versus Neuroendocrine Tumor: A Roller Coaster Diagnostic Dilemma in Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Requiring a Note That “A Definite Diagnosis Cannot Be Concluded”
Authors: Niaz Zahida , Ismail Babikir , Al Farai Abdullah Yahya , Telugu Ramesh Babu , Usmani Muhammad Sharjeel , Al Haddabi Ibrahim Hassan
Published: November 2024

Cytologic diagnosis of extra-adrenal paraganglioma presenting as a peripancreatic mass is challenging, with a high rate of diagnostic error. We present a case of a peripancreatic mass identified by radiology as a gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of the mass showed a moderately cellular tumor composed of small-to-medium-sized neoplastic cells with round-to-oval nuclei arranged singly and in loose clusters. The cells were positive for neuroendocrine markers (synaptophysin and chromogranin) and negative for CD117. A diagnosis of neoplasm with a neuroendocrine tumor (NET) was made based on FNA cytology. The subsequent surgical resection of the tumor revealed peripancreatic paraganglioma with immunohistochemistry positive for synaptophysin, chromogranin, and S100. The latter delineated the sustentacular cells. Although paraganglioma is a well-recognized tumor, a detailed comparison of peripancreatic paraganglioma versus pancreatic/gastrointestinal NET is still lacking.
Cognitive Map of Perceptions of Social Networks as a Means of Justice in Sexual Offenses
Authors: Nadav-Carmel Hila , Lev-On Azi
Published: November 2024

The decision to share deeply personal experiences of sexual violence publicly is complex and multifaceted. This study provides valuable insights into this phenomenon. Interviews conducted with fifteen victims of sexual assault in Israel provide insights into the decision-making pathways of victims. The existing literature on sexual victims of sexual assault in Israel offers insights into their decision-making pathways but often lacks integration between theoretical concepts and practical outcomes. This article contributes to this field by proposing a detailed cognitive map that illuminates the specific decisions made by victims in choosing where to disclose their assault. The cognitive map presented in this study provides a comprehensive view of victims’ decision-making pathways. This study is part of a larger research project that involves interviewing communication consultants and analyzing posts from the social network platform Instagram to better understand the perceptions and behaviors of sexual assault victims. The interviews brought up four main themes: the existence of communicative justice and its importance as an arena for achieving justice; social media is critical for achieving justice, sometimes even more than the institutional arena; procedural justice is more important than outcome justice; voice is a leading principle in procedural justice principles.
How Greenwashing Affects Firm Risk: An International Perspective
Authors: Gregory Richard Paul
Published: November 2024

The effects of greenwashing as a corporate strategy on firm risk are not well defined. I construct a greenwashing measure for 3973 companies from 70 countries from 2012 to 2022. Using Dynamic Panel Modeling, I find results suggesting that greenwashing is a complex phenomenon with both positive and negative consequences. While it can improve a firm’s public image and potentially enhance its financial performance, it may also lead to increased risk and misallocation of resources. Greenwashing firms have a lower weighted average cost of capital due to a higher debt-to-capital ratio. They are larger, have higher institutional ownership, and lower dividend yields. On the other hand, greenwashing firms have more ESG-related controversies that can hurt firm revenues and market value, they have higher unsystematic risk, and they have lower dividend yields and return on equity. I also find evidence that there is a feedback relationship between ESG ratings and greenwashing. There is no evidence that government mandates on ESG reporting inhibit greenwashing. The implication is that ESG scoring that emphasizes reporting ESG activities while informing investors also encourages greenwashing.
Harnessing Swift Guanxi in SMEs: Exploring Trust and Purchase Intention on Social Commerce Platforms
Authors: John Johakim Katekele , Qiu Xiaodong , Kilumile Jerum William
Published: November 2024

Extant empirical studies investigate social commerce purchase intention from the perspective of swift guanxi dimensions while neglecting to explain how the purchase intention is influenced. This study proposed and tested a research model to unveil the relationship between swift guanxi dimensions (mutual understanding, reciprocity favor, and relationship harmony), trust in the seller and purchase intention while considering the mediation effect of trust in the seller in social commerce settings. Data from 421 social commerce youth consumers in Tanzania were used in PLS-SEM analysis to test the research model. Results revealed that except for reciprocity favor, swift guanxi dimensions positively influence purchase intention. The swift guanxi dimensions also positively influence trust in the seller. Further trust in the seller mediates the relationship between swift guanxi dimensions and purchase intention. This study recommends that social commerce micro, small, and medium traders embrace swift guanxi to drive consumer purchase intention. Swift guanxi dimensions foster a rapid and affirmative connection with the consumers, enhancing their trust in the seller. In turn, trust in the seller significantly enhances the likelihood of purchase intention, since the consumers feel safer and more confident in their buying journey. Therefore, by leveraging swift guanxi dimensions, social commerce sellers can effectively build business relationships based on a strong foundation, which not only drives immediate consumer purchases but also fosters enduring consumer devotion.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl Nitrate: A New Organic Nitrate Induces Hypotension and Vasorelaxation Without Vascular Tolerance Induction
Authors: de Alustau-Fernandes Maria do Carmo , Gouvêa Fabíola Fialho Furtado , Calzerra Natália Tabosa Machado , Gonçalves Tays Amanda Felisberto , de Assis Valéria Lopes , de Vasconcelos Walma Pereira , de Athayde-Filho Petrônio Filgueiras , Veras Robson Cavalcante , de Queiroz Thyago Moreira , de Medeiros Isac Almeida
Published: November 2024

The development of new organic nitrates is still relevant due to the clinical limitations of their use. Tetrahydrofurfuryl nitrate (NTHF) is a new organic nitrate obtained through a synthetic route of sugarcane. The aim of this research was to investigate the cardiovascular effects promoted by NTHF in rats. Isolated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) were incubated with a specific probe and were analyzed in a flow cytometer to measure the NO concentration after NTHF treatment. Rat superior mesenteric rings were isolated and used for isometric tension recordings and the evaluation of the vasorelaxant activity induced by NTHF. For the in vivo study, polyethylene catheters were implanted into the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava of the rats (weighing 250–300 g). NTHF increased NO levels in rat VSMCs. In anesthetized rats, NTHF induced hypotension and bradycardia after intravenous administration. These effects were attenuated after the administration of a sGC inhibitor, methylene blue. In the phenylephrine pre-contracted superior mesenteric artery of rats, NTHF (1 pM–10 μM) induced concentration-dependent vasodilatation in both the intact and removed endothelium. Furthermore, in the presence of NO° scavenging (C-PTIO and HDX) or ODQ, a sGC inhibitor, the vasorelaxation induced by NTHF was decreased. NTHF tolerance was evaluated in mesenteric artery rings previously exposed with isolated concentrations of the new organic nitrate. The vasorelaxant effect was not modified by exposure to nitrate. These results demonstrated that NTHF induced hypotension and bradycardia in vivo and a vasorelaxant effect with the participation of the NO-sGC-PKG pathway and triggering calcium-activated K+ channels without vascular tolerance induction.
Insight into Carbon Emissions in Economically Developed Regions Based on Land Use Transitions: A Case Study of the Yangtze River Delta, China
Authors: Li Yu , Zhang Yanjun , Li Xiaoyan
Published: November 2024

This study focused on the land use (LU) structure and carbon emissions (CEs) in the Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, and Shanghai provinces of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in China from 2000 to 2020, using the STIRPAT model and scenario analysis (SA). We conducted an analysis of the influence exerted by relevant factors on land use carbon emissions (LUCEs) and made forecasts regarding the diverse development scenarios of CE trends, aiming to provide methodological guidance for validating the effectiveness of existing policies in reducing CEs and offer direction for achieving the peak CO2 emissions target as soon as possible. It also constitutes a significant reference for the early realization of the peak CO2 emissions target. The results indicated the following: (1) Between 2000 and 2020, CEs resulting from LU in the YRD rose from 2.70 × 108 t to 9.10 × 108 t, marking an increase of 243.77%. In 2020, the built-up area was the predominant contributor to CEs, representing 99.15% of the overall carbon sources, whereas forests served as the main carbon sink, comprising 92.37% of the total carbon sinks (CSs) for that year. (2) For each percent increase in the parameters considered in this study, the corresponding increases in LU CO2 emissions were estimated to be: 1.932% (population), 0.241% (GDP per capita), −0.141% (energy intensity), 0.043% (consumption structure), 1.045% (industrial structure), and 0.975% (urbanization). (3) According to the existing policy framework and development plans, the YRD is expected to achieve peaking carbon dioxide emissions by 2030. If energy conservation and carbon reduction strategies are implemented, this peak could be achieved as early as 2025. However, if economic growth continues to depend primarily on fossil fuel consumption, the region may not hit its carbon peak until 2035. (4) The low-carbon scenario, which considers the needs of social progress alongside the intensity of carbon emission reductions, represents the most effective development strategy for reaching a carbon peak in LU within the YRD. Effectively managing population size and facilitating the upgrading of industrial structures are key strategies to hasten the achievement of peaking carbon dioxide emissions in the region.
Predicting Discrimination in L3 Portuguese by Hungarian Speakers: The Effect of Perceptual Overlap
Authors: Tavares Gabriela , Deme Andrea , Correia Susana
Published: November 2024

Perceptual overlap has been attested as significantly contributing to difficulties in L2 speech perception. The current study aims at investigating whether this effect is also observable in the context of L3, specifically in the perception of European Portuguese oral vowels by Hungarian listeners. We crossed the results of two experiments—a categorization task and a discrimination task—and found that perceptual overlap is also a significant factor in L3 perception. Furthermore, we compared different measures of perceptual overlap as predictors for discrimination abilities of L3 vowel contrasts. Namely, we compared perceptual overlap scores calculated on group means and scores based on individual results. None of the measures was conclusively more reliable than another in predicting differences in discrimination difficulties. However, accuracy in perception of EP contrasts or vowels absent from the Hungarian vocalic system was significantly lower than for the other vowels, suggesting that non-nativeness can cause difficulties in L3 perception. Additionally, participants who also reported knowledge of German performed more accurately in discrimination of contrasts that included the vowel [ɐ], a vowel absent from their L1 but present in the German vocalic system, indicating a positive effect of knowledge of languages previously acquired on L3 perception.
The SEC Spanish Consortium: Foundations for Linguistic Gratuity and Language Documentation Among Latinx Populations in New Destination Communities of the U.S. South
Authors: Fafulas Stephen , Howe Chad , Orozco Rafael , Cipria Alicia , O’Rourke Erin , Moreno Nina , Van Hoose Matthew J.
Published: November 2024

Latinx populations in the USA have grown steadily in recent decades, with significant increases taking place in “new destination communities” of the U.S. South. The focus of our paper is to highlight opportunities for working with these populations, including traditional sociolinguistic ethnographies and community-engaged research. We highlight an initiative named “The SEC Spanish Consortium” which is an interinstitutional collaboration centered on scholarship and service involving Latinx populations in new destination communities of the U.S. South. We show that ongoing and future scholarly work in the U.S. South can act as a mechanism for documenting these emerging Latinx communities while simultaneously serving the underrepresented and minority speakers of these linguistic varieties.
Combination of In Situ Diffraction Experiments and Acoustic Emission Testing to Understand Compression Behavior of Mg-Gd Alloys
Authors: Garces Gerardo , Chavez Bryan W. , Pérez Pablo , Medina Judit , Mathis Kristian , Barea Rafael , Stark Andreas , Schell Norbert , Adeva Paloma
Published: November 2024

The compressive deformation of the extruded binary Mg-Gd with gadolinium in solid solution has been studied in situ by combining synchrotron diffraction and acoustic emission techniques during compression tests. These two techniques are useful in investigating the evolution of twinning in all its stages. The extruded bars develop a fiber texture with the basal plane parallel to the extrusion direction. Moreover, the quenching of the magnesium bars immediately after the extrusion process ensured the production of the solid solution of gadolinium in the magnesium matrix. The solid solution of gadolinium solute atoms is the main strengthening mechanism of alloys and has a strong influence in plastic deformation. Tensile twinning controls the macroscopic yielding under compressive modes, although the activation of basal and non-basal dislocation systems has been also detected by in situ techniques. The presence of gadolinium atoms in solid solution tends to inhibit tensile twinning and, therefore, the twin volume fraction decreases with the increase in the gadolinium content. The compressive work hardening curve shows a maximum peak at intermediate plastic strain which is related to the interaction of dislocations within twins. The maximum value and the position of the peak decreases with the increase in the gadolinium content.
Solid-State Synthesis for High-Tetragonality, Small-Particle Barium Titanate
Authors: Hao Tianyu , Shen Jing , Peng Qiaochu , Liu Jie , Hu Wenbin , Zhong Cheng
Published: November 2024

This study successfully synthesized high-tetragonality barium titanate (BaTiO3) particles with a small particle size by implementing ball milling in the solid-state synthesis of BaTiO3 and utilizing nanoscale raw materials. This study also addressed the issues of impurities and uneven particle size distribution that could exist in the synthesized BaTiO3 particles. The crystal structure, morphology, and particle size of the synthesized BaTiO3 particles have been meticulously analyzed and discussed through the use of techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the laser particle size analyzer. BaTiO3 has been successfully synthesized, exhibiting a uniform particle size with an average diameter of 170 nm and a high tetragonality value of 1.01022. This new solid-state synthesis method provided insights to avoid the impact of “size effects” during the process of electronic device miniaturization.
Surface Nanocrystallization and Improvement of the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of AISI 304 Steel Using Multi-Pass Nanostructuring Burnishing
Authors: Kuznetsov Viktor , Tatarintsev Igor , Voropaev Vladimir , Skorobogatov Andrey
Published: November 2024

Owing to their high producibility and resistance to corrosion, austenitic chromium–nickel steels are widely used in the chemical, petroleum, and food industries. However, their significant disadvantage lies in their poor structural performance, which cannot be improved by heat treatment. This significantly limits the usability of these steels in parts of machines that operate under friction loads. Hardening can be achieved by decreasing the size of grains and applying deformation-induced martensitic transformation. Nanostructuring burnishing (NSB) may be one of the technologies suited for producing parts of tribological assemblies with enhanced operating characteristics. Nanostructuring burnishing using a sliding indenter is being developed as a method of industrial surface nanocrystallization through severe plastic deformation used in the mechanical machining of various types of parts. This article investigates the possibility of enhancing the mechanical and tribological properties of nanocrystallized surfaces of austenitic steels, which are formed through nanostructuring burnishing using a tool with a natural diamond spherical indenter and a change in sliding speed from 40 to 280 m/min with one, three, and five passes. Increasing the tool sliding speed makes surface nanostructuring machining of big parts highly effective. This paper aims to establish the influence exerted by the sliding speed and number of indenter passes on the formation of a nanocrystalline structure, as well as on the modification of microhardness and residual stresses, texture, and tribological properties of the surface layer in the nanostructuring burnishing of AISI 304 steel. Transmission microscopy and microdurometry, 3D-profilometry, and tribological tests of surfaces nanocrystallized with the “ball-on-disk” scheme with dry and lubricated friction established the optimal values of speed and number of passes for a spherical indenter in nanostructuring burnishing.