bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Genetic Characterization of β-Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Syndrome in the Albanian Population
Authors: Babameto-Laku A , Mitre A , Berisha S , Mokini V , Roko D
Published: July 2011

Molecular Genetic Characterization of β-Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Syndrome in the Albanian Population

β-Thalassemia (β-thal) is a major public health problem in Albania as it is in many Mediterranean countries. We determined the different β-thal alleles that are present in the Albanian population by using the temporal temperature gradient electrophoresis (TTGE) method because of its high throughput, cost-effectiveness, sensitivity and simplicity. DNA from blood of 68 patients with β-thal, 26 with sickle cell anemia or sickle cell β-thal, 54 parents of these patients and 14 heterozygotes related to these families. We found the IVS-I-110 (G>A), codon 39 (C>T), IVS-I-6 (T>C), IVS-I-1 (G>A) and codon 44 (-C) mutations that accounted for nearly 90% of the β-thal alleles. Their frequencies were similar to those found in other studies in the Albanian population. This method has permitted the detection of heterozygotes for β-thal in this population and offers a prenatal diagnosis with a probability of 90% accuracy.
Neogene and Quaternary development of the Turiec Basin and landscape in its catchment: a tentative mass balance model
Authors: Kováč Michal , Hók Jozef , Minár Jozef , Vojtko Rastislav , Bielik Miroslav , Pipík Radovan , Rakús Miloš , Kráľ Ján , Šujan Martin , Králiková Silvia
Published: July 2011

Neogene and Quaternary development of the Turiec Basin and landscape in its catchment: a tentative mass balance model

The development of the Turiec Basin and landscape evolution in its catchment has been reconstructed by methods of geological research (structural geology, sedimentology, paleoecology, and geochronological data) as well as by geophysics and geomorphology. The basin and its surrounding mountains were a subject of a mass balance study during periods of tectonic activity, accompanied by considerable altitudinal differentiation of relief and also during quiet periods, characterized by a development of planation surfaces in the mountains. The coarse clastic alluvial fans deposited beneath the offshore pelitic sediments document the rapid Middle Miocene uplift of mountains on the margin of the Turiec Basin. The Late Miocene finegrained sedimentation represents the main fill of this basin and its origin was associated with the formation of planation surfaces in the surrounding mountains. The rapid uplift of the western and northern parts of the catchment area during the latest Miocene and Early Pliocene times further generated the deposition of coarse-grained alluvial fans. The Late Pliocene basin inversion, due to uplift of the whole Western Carpathians mountain chain, was associated with the formation of the Early Quaternary pediment and ultimately with the formation of the Turiec river terrace systems.
Hairy Chest, Will Travel
Authors: McCormick Jared
Published: July 2011

This inquiry explores questions of movement and tourism in relation to sexuality within the context of Lebanon’s nascent gay travel industry. The first section examines how imagery of Arab men is mediatized and circulated, with (un)intended effects. Many of the images take form through hypermasculinized men and within the subculture of the “bear.” The second section explores this specific sexual subculture in the context of two demographics of men (both bearded and able to pass through heteronormative spaces), the ethnographic encounters of male tourists who have traveled on tours with LebTour from 2007 to 2011, and those men in the region who are increasingly identifying as bears. This research hopes to complicate the oft cited local/global bifurcation of sexuality. What becomes most interesting are the changing affinities, conceptions of rights, and aesthetics of desirability in the negotiations of the Middle East.
From ‘Televangelist’ to ‘Intervangelist’: The Emergence of the Streaming Video Preacher
Authors: Bekkering Denis J.
Published: July 2011

Abstract:

The present study begins by recovering the origins of the terms “televangelism” and “televangelist.” “Televangelism” first appeared in 1958 as the title of a proselytization project of the Southern Baptist Convention that combined dramatic television programs with efforts to engage viewers in person. “Televangelist” was introduced in 1975 to describe an emerging type of American television preacher, the most successful of whom built powerful parachurch organizations. The neologism “intervangelist” is then presented to label contemporary video preachers broadcasting online. A content analysis of video platforms on the site http://www.streamingfaith.com reveals a group of intervangelists who head established or aspiring megachurches. It is demonstrated that the information and opportunities for interaction surrounding the videos of these intervangelists provide their ministries with tools for gaining the attention and donations of viewers, as well as resources for attracting physical attendees to their churches.
“Ideals of Stability, Order and Fidelity”: The Love Dare Phenomenon, Convergence Culture, and the Marriage Movement
Authors: Frank Gillian
Published: July 2011

Abstract:

This article explores the bestselling evangelical marital advice book, The Love Dare, which is based upon the top-selling independent movie of 2008, Fireproof. It describes how evangelicals are using traditional media and new media to influence mainstream culture in their quest to turn back the tide of rising divorce rates and secular sexual values. Hundreds of thousands of Americans have undergone a process of self-transformation and thousands have kept online journals detailing their attempts to rebuild their dissolving relationships using The Love Dare. This study examines both The Love Dare and the journals of its participants to analyze how churches are transmitting pro-marriage messages and the asymmetrical manner in which evangelical audiences are taking up these messages. It thus reveals a paradox at the heart of the pro-marriage movement between the promise of marital salvation and the reality of marital dissolution and discord.
Women and Blogging: An Exercise in the Thealogy of Carol Christ
Authors: Messina-Dysert Gina
Published: July 2011

Abstract:

According to Carol Christ, the “voices of women are a lifeline,” 1 a sentiment that has been loudly echoed by women in blogging communities. Blogs have offered a voice to all who wish to be heard—and women have consistently created and participated in blogging communities at a higher rate than men in search of the opportunity to share their thoughts and experiences in a public forum. Within blogging communities, women have been empowered to engage in embodied thinking and bring together their personal experiences with philosophical and theological reflection. Thus, blogs have become a tool for women's experiences, ideas, and questions to be further shaped and modulated through those of other women.
Theological and Psychological Reflections on Identity in Sport
Authors: Watson Nick
Published: July 2011

Abstract:

This essay examines “athletic identity” from a Christian theological and psychological standpoint. In discussing the concept of identity within the sports world, I address a range of related issues such as idolatry, sin, and states of heart such as pride and humility. According to Phil Night, founder and chairperson of Nike, sports “define the culture of the world” 1 and thus an examination of the cultural context in which identity is formed is also presented. Areas for future research are provided in the conclusion, for example, reflections on identity for sportspersons with physical and intellectual disabilities.
Hal Lindsay and the Great Dispensational Mutation
Authors: Sweetnam Mark S.
Published: July 2011

Abstract:

“Prophecy expert” Hal Lindsey has been an extraordinarily influential figure in American popular culture. His distinctive interpretation of the prophetic Scriptures has had remarkable success and has been a crucial shaping force on the way in which Americans think about the future. Notwithstanding this, he remains little-studied and poorly understood. The purpose of this article is to locate Lindsey in his theological and cultural context, and to examine the complicated relationship between his understanding of Scripture and that of dispensationalism. In contrast to the ease with which some critics have conflated Lindseyian pop-dispensationalism and classical dispensationalism, this article argues that Lindsey, in fact, engaged in a dramatic and fundamental re-shaping of dispensational norms.
“I Think You and I Are Destined to Do This Forever”: A Reading of the Batman/Joker Comic and Film Tradition through the Combat Myth
Authors: Nichols Michael
Published: July 2011

Abstract:

This paper compares comic and film representations of the characters Batman and the Joker to the structure and characterization of religious narratives known as “combat myths,” which generally portray a figure of order defending society against a chaos monster. The paper also demonstrates how the Batman film of 2008, The Dark Knight, updates the mythic theme by casting the opposing characters as representatives of democratic society and terrorism, respectively. Ultimately, I argue that by investigating how the rivalry of Batman and the Joker reinvigorates this ancient, cross-cultural mythic theme, we gain insight into the enduring popularity and significance of these characters.
Adsorption Studies of Cyanide (CN)- on Rice Husk Ash (RHA)
Authors: Naeem S , Zafar U , Amann T
Published: July 2011

In this investigation, adsorption of cyanide has been studied by means of batch-technique. Percentage adsorption was determined for Rice Husk Ash (RHA)-Cyanide solution system as a function of i) contact time, ii) pH, iii) adsorbate concentration and iv) temperature. Adsorption data has been interpreted in terms of Freundlich and Langmuir equations. Thermodynamics parameters for the adsorption system have been determined at three different temperatures. The value of ΔH°=38.326KJ/mole and ΔG°=-6.117KJ/mole at 283°K suggest that the adsorption of cyanide on RHA is an endothermic and a spontaneous process.Key words: Cyanide; Rice husk ash (RHA); Adsorption Isotherms DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i1.3524 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(1), 101-104, 2011
Vitamin B and Essential Minerals Contents of Mixed Solid State Fermented Millet (Steria italic) and Bengal Gram by Rhizopus oligosporus
Authors: Sultana N , Azam MZ , Amin MZ , Shams B , Satter MA , Masum SM
Published: July 2011

Mixed solid state fermentation by Rhizopus oligosporus on nutritional and anti-nutritional factors of dehulled cereal Seteria italica (millet or kaon) and legume Cicer arietinum (Bengal gram or chola or chick pea) were studied. The fermentation method used was similar to the traditional fermentation procedures used in the preparation of tempeh from Soybean in the orient. The duration of fermentation was 24 hours at 37°C under controlled laboratory conditions. In this study, the vitamin B content especially thiamine, niacin and vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) were estimated after 24 hours of fermentation of (50:50), (60:40) and 75:25) ratios of mixed Seteria italica (millet or kaon) and Cicer arietinum (Bangal gram or chola or chick pea) respectively. After 24 hours fermentation, thiamine content increased significantly, when compared with the thiamine content of raw state. The content of thiamine, niacin and vitamin B6 in the fermented form were also increased when compared these with soaked and steamed state respectively. Incase of minerals after fermentation iron, copper, calcium, sodium and potassium contents were decreased when compared these with raw state. The contents of iron, copper calcium, sodium and potassium in the fermented form were also decreased when compared with the iron, copper, calcium, sodium and potassium contents of soaked and steam state respectively. The nutritional factors like B vitamins (thiamine, niacin, and vitamin B6) were increased significantly however, minerals were decreased. Our results suggest that tempeh can be prepared with millet and Bengal gram may be a good source of vitamin B6 for children and aged people. Keywords: Rhizopus oligosporus; Tenpeh; Bengal gram; Vitamin B; Essential minerals DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i1.8098 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(1), 1-8, 2011
Structural Modifications of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes of Different Diameters through Electron Beam Irradiation
Authors: Kibria AKM Fazle
Published: July 2011

The effects of irradiation on the structure of purified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) having 6-19 graphitic shells and outer diameters of 8.15-17.11 nm were investigated using electron beam of energies 200 keV and dose of 2.16 x 1017 e cm-2s-1. It was observed that the electron irradiation created a number of chronological alterations in the tube structures. These were identified to be tube contraction, destruction of the innermost graphitic shell, deformation of graphitic shells and its proliferation, break down of the graphitic shells and their spreading into the tube hole and finally the destruction of the whole tube. MWCNTs having the largest innermost diameter found suffer from the highest contraction. The tube contraction behavior found stops when the innermost graphitic shell starts to destroy. Irradiation affected the innermost graphitic shell first and that of the smallest diameter was the more rapidly. It occurred probably due to having the highest curvature value. Tubes having inner shell of diameter about 4.8 nm suffer from fractional destruction within 5-15 s of irradiation exposure. Such a shell was ruined within 1 minute of irradiation exposure but that of diameter 7.0 nm was survived up to 2 minutes. It seems that the irradiation induced defects created in the MWCNTs can be used for the diversified applications of nanotubes such as the hydrogen storage enhancement in them. Keywords: Carbon nanotube; Electron irradiation; Tube contraction; Innermost shell; Defect. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i1.8099 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(1), 9-16, 2011
A Fuzzy Logic Approach to Decision Support in Medicine
Authors: Dev U , Sultana A , Talukder S , Mitra NK
Published: July 2011

We established an application of fuzzy set logic for the development of a decision support in medicine. In this case, we apply a model on the prognosis of a patient suffering heart failure treated with beta-blockers. It shows how the basic rules are represented in a system depending on fuzzy logic based on expert experience. Keywords: Left ventricular diastolic diametre (LVDD); Dyspnea; Asthenia; Telediastolic; Ischemia; Servical vertibra three (S3); Atrio Venticular Block (AVB); Pace maker (PM); Heart failure probability (HFP). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i1.8103 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(1), 41-46, 2011
Head-group Dependent Domain Morphologies in Langmuir Monolayers
Authors: Hossain MM , Kato T
Published: July 2011

The effect of head groups on the thermodynamic properties and morphological features of the domains formed in the Langmuir monolayers at 10 oC has been investigated by a film balance and a Brewster angle microscopy (BAM). 2-hydroxyethyl myristate (2-HEM) and n-tetradecanoyl N-ethanolamide (NHEA-14), having the same chain length but different head groups have been taken as amphiphiles. Both the amphiphiles represent a first-order LE-LC phase transition at 10 oC at the air-water interface. The critical surface pressure necessary for this phase transition is 6.0 mN/m for 2-HEM and 1.0 mN/m for NHEA-14. The surface morphologies of the domains are entirely different. The domains of 2-HEM are circular having internal texture, while those of NHEA-14 are dendritic having directional characteristics. The presence of interfacial hydrogen bonding in the latter amphiphile should be responsible for the formation of such characteristic domains in the case of latter amphiphile. Key words: Langmuir monolayers; Phase transition; Brewster angle microscopy; 2-hydroxyethyl myristate; n-tetradecanoyl Nethanolamide. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i1.8104 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(1), 47-52, 2011
Comparative Study of Water Absorption Behavior of Indian and Pakistani Tiles Using Conventional Neutron Radiography Technique
Authors: Alam MK , Islam MN , Zaman MA
Published: July 2011

Neutron radiography (NR) technique has been adopted to study water absorption behavior of single layer tiles made of India and Pakistani raw materials, obtained from Concord Real Estate & Building Products, Shalna, Gazipur, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Measurements were made to study the water absorption behavior of the tiles at different immersion time within the range of 24 hours using conventional NR technique. A series of neutron radiographs of these tiles have been taken at dry and wet condition to observe the water absorption behavior. The optical density differences between the film background and at different reference positions of the radiographic images of the dry and wet samples were measured. In the work it was observed that the water absorption in tiles of Indian origin is less than the other ones. Thus the former one seems better to use for construction purpose. Key words: Neutron radiography; Homogeneity; Water absorption behavior DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i1.8107 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(1), 53-58, 2011
Effect of Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) on Biochemical Responses of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) Var. Bari Fellon-1
Authors: Taslima K , Hossain F , Ara U
Published: July 2011

The biochemical responses of Cowpea to IAA treatments (foliar spray) with different concentrations (20 ppm, 40 ppm, 60 ppm and 80 ppm) were studied. Biochemical parameters such as leaf pigments, moisture, ash, crude fiber, calorie, protein, fat, carbohydrate and nitrogen free extract (NFE) contents in seeds of Cowpea were studied in the experiment. Different biochemical parameters responded differently following IAA treatments. Highest protein content (22.7%) and ash content (4.2%) were recorded from the seeds of the plants treated with 80 ppm IAA. Highest carbohydrate content (60.8%) and calorie content were recorded from the seeds of the plants treated with 60 ppm IAA. Moisture content was decreased due to all IAA treatments. Fat, crude fiber and NFE content of seeds also found to be varied with different treatments. Out of all the treatments, the best stimulation was found for 60 ppm IAA treatment. The results of the present work also indicate that an appropriate concentration of IAA can be fruitfully utilized to produce better quality of seeds and leaf pigments of Cowpea. Key words: Auxins; Biochemical response; IAA treatment; Cowpea DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i1.8110 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(1), 77-82, 2011
Effect of Soil Moisture and Soil Temperature on the Development of Stemphylium Blight of Lentil
Authors: Huq MI , Khan ZMNA
Published: July 2011

The soil moisture and the soil temperature at 7 a.m. and 1 p.m. were monitored in the lentil field. During the years of studies it was observed that the highest PDI was recorded on March 12 with corresponding soil temperature at 7 a.m. and 1 p.m. and soil moisture were maximum while the lowest PDI was recorded on January 30 when the aforesaid soil factors were minimum. The soil temperature and soil moisture were found positively correlated with disease development. Key words: Stemphylium blight; soil moisture; soil temperature; lentil DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i1.8111 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(1), 83-88, 2011
Performance of Silicon Solar Cells under the Climatic Conditions of Bangladesh, Part III. Performance of PV Cells under Defuse Light and Applicability for Home Lighting
Authors: Eusuf M , Khanam M , Khatun S
Published: July 2011

In part II of this series, it was reported that the solar home system (SHS) supplied by REB in some islands of the Meghna river in the district of Narsingdi could not meet the demand of the recipients in the rainy season when the sky remained overcast with cloud. The tilt angle for all installations was 45° facing south. In this study, effects of direct and diffuse sunlight with variation of tilt angles from 0° to 45° were studied using a mono crystalline silicon cell. Pyranometer and the solar panel were kept under identical conditions. Energy absorbed by the solar panel in diffuse sunlight was found 0.55% of that received by the Pyranometer under similar conditions showing that mono crystalline silicon solar cell of the type under study was not suitable for use in SHS. Moreover, the gap between the panel and the solid surface below it has significant effects on the efficiency of the solar cell. Further similar study using different kinds of cells- mono crystalline, poly crystalline and amorphous is needed for proper designs of SHS. Optimization of the gap between the panel and the solid surface below it is important for roof-mounted and ground-mounted panels. Key words: Silicon solar cells; Tilt angle; Diffuse light; Home lighting; Monocrystaline. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i1.8114 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(1), 117-122, 2011
Flotation Studies on Scheelite Concentrate of Chitral, NWFP, Pakistan
Authors: Kazmi KR , Bhatti MA , Mehmood A , Anwar MS , Sheikh ST
Published: July 2011

A scheelite concentrate, containing 32% WO3, obtained from an indigenous tungsten ore of Chitral, NWFP, Pakistan, has been beneficiated by froth flotation technique to produce high quality tungsten concentrate assaying 64.8% WO3 with 84.47% recovery. This paper presents results on the optimization of flotation parameters like pH, pulp density and reagents. The optimum grade and recovery have been obtained at a feed size of 80 % passing 74 μm, pulp pH of 10.5, pulp solids 25%, oleic acid 0.30 kg/t, polyglycol 0.02 kg/t and sodium silicate 0.125 kg/t of the feed. The obtained tungsten concentrate meets the specifications required to produce tungsten metal and tungsten based chemicals. Key words: Scheelite Concentrate; Beneficiation; Flotation; Grade; Recovery DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i1.8115 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(1), 123-126, 2011
The Fatty Acid Composition and Properties of Oil Extracted from Fresh Rhizomes of Turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) Cultivars of Bangladesh
Authors: Paul BK , Munshi MMU , Ahmed MN , Saha GC , Roy SK
Published: July 2011

The fresh rhizomes of Curcuma longa Linn. (Turmeric or Holud) collected from three different places of Bangladesh were investigated to extract oil, its fatty acid composition and its physico-chemical properties. The rhizomes contained 8.76 - 10.92% oil. The percentage compositions of fatty acids were identified and quantified by GLC. The saturated and unsaturated fatty acid contents of three places were found to vary within 22.25 - 23.44% and 76.11 - 77.59%, respectively. Among identified six fatty acids, oleic acid contributed the highest proportion (56.24 - 58.88%), followed by myristic acid (16.25 - 17.71%); whilst, palmitic (5.59 - 6.00%), linoleic (10.90 - 12.82%), linolenic (4.15 - 5.46%) and ecosenoic acid (2.72 - 3.25%) together contributed the rest. Physico - chemical properties of the extracted oil were also investigated. The specific gravity, refractive index, optical rotation were recorded as 0.892 to 0.919 at 30°C, 1.431 to 1.465 at 30°C and +11.54° to +13.56° at 26°C, respectively. The chemical properties like saponification value (195.23 - 205.33), iodine value (75.53 - 90.47), peroxide value (23.25 - 36.16), acid value (11.08 - 11.32), ester value (56.30 - 64.13) and percentage of unsaponifiable matter (8.31 - 15.04%) were determined. Overall fresh Turmeric oil can be considered as a good source of oleic acid. Keywords: Curcuma longa; Fresh turmeric oil; Fatty acid composition; Oleic acid; Gas liquid chromatography. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i1.8116 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(1), 127-132, 2011
Fumonisin B1 Toxicity in Grower-Finisher Pigs: A Comparative Analysis of Genetically Engineered Bt Corn and non-Bt Corn by Using Quantitative Dietary Exposure Assessment Modeling
Authors: Delgado James E. , Wolt Jeffrey D.
Published: July 2011

In this study, we investigate the long-term exposure (20 weeks) to fumonisin B1 (FB1) in grower-finisher pigs by conducting a quantitative exposure assessment (QEA). Our analytical approach involved both deterministic and semi-stochastic modeling for dietary comparative analyses of FB1 exposures originating from genetically engineered Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-corn, conventional non-Bt corn and distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) derived from Bt and/or non-Bt corn. Results from both deterministic and semi-stochastic demonstrated a distinct difference of FB1 toxicity in feed between Bt corn and non-Bt corn. Semi-stochastic results predicted the lowest FB1 exposure for Bt grain with a mean of 1.5 mg FB1/kg diet and the highest FB1 exposure for a diet consisting of non-Bt grain and non-Bt DDGS with a mean of 7.87 mg FB1/kg diet; the chronic toxicological incipient level of concern is 1.0 mg of FB1/kg of diet. Deterministic results closely mirrored but tended to slightly under predict the mean result for the semi-stochastic analysis. This novel comparative QEA model reveals that diet scenarios where the source of grain is derived from Bt corn presents less potential to induce FB1 toxicity than diets containing non-Bt corn.
Correction: Jia, C. and Batterman, S. A Critical Review of Naphthalene Sources and Exposures Relevant to Indoor and Outdoor Air. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2010, 7, 2903-2939
Authors: Jia Chunrong , Batterman Stuart
Published: July 2011

The authors would like to make the following corrections to their published paper:
Evaluation of in Vitro and in Vivo Depigmenting Activity of Raspberry Ketone from Rheum officinale
Authors: Lin Victor Chia-Hsiang , Ding Hsiou-Yu , Kuo Shiou-Yi , Chin Ling-Wei , Wu Jiumn-Yih , Chang Te-Sheng
Published: July 2011

Melanogenesis inhibition by raspberry ketone (RK) from Rheum officinale was investigated both in vitro in cultivated murine B16 melanoma cells and in vivo in zebrafish and mice. In B16 cells, RK inhibited melanogenesis through a post-transcriptional regulation of tyrosinase gene expression, which resulted in down regulation of both cellular tyrosinase activity and the amount of tyrosinase protein, while the level of tyrosinase mRNA transcription was not affected. In zebrafish, RK also inhibited melanogenesis by reduction of tyrosinase activity. In mice, application of a 0.2% or 2% gel preparation of RK applied to mouse skin significantly increased the degree of skin whitening within one week of treatment. In contrast to the widely used flavoring properties of RK in perfumery and cosmetics, the skin-whitening potency of RK has been demonstrated in the present study. Based on our findings reported here, RK would appear to have high potential for use in the cosmetics industry.
Resonant Mode Reduction in Radiofrequency Volume Coils for Ultrahigh Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Pang Yong , Xie Zhentian , Li Ye , Xu Duan , Vigneron Daniel , Zhang Xiaoliang
Published: July 2011

In a multimodal volume coil, only one mode can generate homogeneous Radiofrequency (RF) field for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The existence of other modes may increase the volume coil design difficulties and potentially decreases coil performance. In this study, we introduce common-mode resonator technique to high and ultrahigh field volume coil designs to reduce the resonant mode while maintain the homogeneity of the RF field. To investigate the design method, the common-mode resonator was realized by using a microstrip line which was split along the central to become a pair of parallel transmission lines within which common-mode currents exist. Eight common-mode resonators were placed equidistantly along the circumference of a low loss dielectric cylinder to form a volume coil. Theoretical analysis and comparison between the 16-strut common-mode volume coil and a conventional 16-strut volume coil in terms of RF field homogeneity and efficiency was performed using Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method at 298.2 MHz. MR imaging experiments were performed by using a prototype of the common-mode volume coil on a whole body 7 Tesla scanner. FDTD simulation results showed the reduced number of resonant modes of the common-mode volume coil over the conventional volume coil, while the RF field homogeneity of the two type volume coils was kept at the same level. MR imaging of a water phantom and a kiwi fruit showing the feasibility of the proposed method for simplifying the volume coil design is also presented.
Microspheres Containing Cibacron Blue F3G-A and Incorporated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Biomarker Harvesting Platforms
Authors: Patanarut Alexis , Williams Elissa H. , Petricoin Emanuel , Liotta Lance A. , Bishop Barney
Published: July 2011

In this work, magnetic functionality was introduced to cross-linked acrylamide-based particles via the in situ coprecipitation of iron oxide nanoparticles within the hydrogel particle interior. Cibacron Blue F3G-A was then incorporated onto the magnetic hydrogel scaffold to facilitate the harvest of targeted protein species. The dye-loaded magnetic particles were physically characterized, and their protein sequestration performance was investigated. The results of these studies indicated that dye-loaded magnetic particles sequestered a greater amount of lower molecular weight proteins from the test solution than was achieved using reference particles, dye-loaded cross-linked N-isopropylacrylamide-based core-shell particles. This difference in protein harvesting ability may reflect the higher degree of dye-loading in the magnetic particles relative to the dye-loaded core-shell particles.
What can we learn from tobacco and other Solanaceae about horizontal DNA transfer?
Authors: Talianova Martina , Janousek Bohuslav
Published: July 2011

In eukaryotic organisms, horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is regarded as an important though infrequent source of reticulate evolution. Many confirmed instances of natural HGT involving multicellular eukaryotes come from flowering plants. This review intends to provide a synthesis of present knowledge regarding HGT in higher plants, with an emphasis on tobacco and other species in the Solanaceae family because there are numerous detailed reports concerning natural HGT events, involving various donors, in this family. Moreover, in‐depth experimental studies using transgenic tobacco are of great importance for understanding this process. Valuable insights are offered concerning the mechanisms of HGT, the adaptive role and regulation of natural transgenes, and new routes for gene trafficking. With an increasing amount of data on HGT, a synthetic view is beginning to emerge.
An International Perspective on Peritoneal Dialysis among Indigenous Patients
Authors: Prakash Suma
Published: July 2011

Objective

To review utilization rates, outcomes, and barriers to peritoneal dialysis (PD) in indigenous peoples from an international perspective.

Methods

Articles were obtained from Medline and EMBASE and from author name and reference searches. Data from census bureaus and renal registries in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States were used. Studies were included if they contained information on utilization of, outcomes of, or barriers to PD in indigenous populations.

Results

In 2007, of all prevalent PD patients, 7.0%, 5.1%, 28.2%, and 1.3% in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States respectively were of indigenous background. The proportions of prevalent renal replacement therapy patients on PD reflected the national rates—New Zealand being the highest at 0.29, and the United States the lowest at 0.05. Mortality was generally higher in indigenous than in non-indigenous PD patients. Variations in mortality study results likely reflect differences in the definitions of explanatory variables such as rurality and in the availability of local specialty care services. Technique failure and peritonitis rates were higher among indigenous than among non-indigenous patients.

Conclusions

The less favorable outcomes in indigenous PD patients across countries may, in part, be a manifestation of reduced access to resources. Understanding the effects of socio-economic, geographic, cultural, and language issues, and of health literacy discrepancies on various aspects of PD education, training, and outcomes can potentially identify ways in which outcomes might be improved among indigenous patients on PD.
Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated in Chile in 2005 and in 2007
Authors: Dauros Priscila , Bello Helia , Domínguez Mariana , Hormazábal Juan C. , González Gerardo
Published: July 2011

Introduction: Vibrio (V.) parahaemolyticus has endemically established in Chilean sea shores, causing outbreaks every year, with an important number of cases. In order to know the genetic relationship, genotype dominance and antibiotic resistance of isolates obtained from two outbreaks, this study characterized 110 strains isolated from environmental and clinical samples in years 2005 and 2007 in Chile. Methodology: Genotyping was performed by determination of PFGE profiles, and pandemic group and integrons were screened by PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility was studied by the disk diffusion method. Results: High antibiotic susceptibility frequency was found, mainly among 2007 isolates, except to ampicillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, cefpodoxime, amikacin, streptomycin and kanamycin. Strains belonging to the pandemic group in clinical isolates account for 88% in 2005, decreasing to 66% in 2007 and among environmental isolates were detected in 20% of the strains from 2005, rising to 36% in 2007. In 2005, nine different PFGE profiles were identified, with 78% of the strains corresponding to a single clone. In 2007, sixteen different PFGE profiles were detected, with 61% of the strains included into a sole clone. The same clone was prevalent in both years. None of class 1, 2, 3 and SXT integrases genes was detected; however, the superintegron integrase gene (intIA) was present in almost all strains. Conclusions: These results suggest the persistence and dominance of a unique PFGE clone of V. parahaemolyticus during 2005 and 2007, and the absence of genetic elements that capture antibiotic resistance genes described in other species of Vibrio.
Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance and associated risk factors in a tertiary level TB center in Iran: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Merza Muayad Aghali , Farnia Parissa , Tabarsi Payam , Khazampour Mehdi , Masjedi Mohammad Reza , Velayati Ali Akbar
Published: July 2011

Introduction: This study aimed to determine first-line anti-tuberculosis drug resistance rates in new and previously treated cases and to identify risk factors associated with multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) at the National Reference Tuberculosis Laboratory of Iran. Methodology:  This was a retrospective analysis of all confirmed TB patients from December 2000 to June 2005. Drug susceptibility testing to isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide was performed on Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium according to the proportion method. Results: Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were isolated from 1,742 patients with TB, of whom 935 (53.7%) were male. The mean age of patients was 44.2 ± 17.4 years (SD). A total of 1,074 patients were native Iranians while 668 (38.3%) were immigrant patients. Out of 1,139 (65.4%) new cases, 340 (29.9%) had at least one drug resistance. Of 603 (34.6%) previously treated cases, 416 (69.0%) had resistant strains. There were 263 patients (15.1%) with MDR-TB, 72 of whom were new (6.3% of all new cases) and 191 were previously treated (31.7% of all previously treated cases). Factors associated with MDR-TB included age under 45 years, male sex, previous TB treatment, immigration, poor living conditions, and unemployment. Conclusions: The high rate of initial resistance in MDR-TB cases and the high rate of MDR-TB in a young age group were indicators of recent transmission. Therefore, closer monitoring of transmission trends of drug resistant strains should be considered as priority, to ensure a successful TB control programme.
Membranous glomerulonephritis and tuberculous peritonitis: a rare association
Authors: Ghosh Biswadip , Pande Arindam , Ghosh Anirban , Banerjee Arnab , Saha Sandip
Published: July 2011

Membranous glomerulonephritis is rarely associated with tuberculosis infection. We report a case of a 24-year-old female with tuberculous peritonitis associated with membranous glomerulonephritis causing subnephrotic range proteinuria. Histological examination confirmed both diagnoses. The patient showed improvement with anti-tubercular drugs over six months of follow-up.
Cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage and serum in 3 patients with 2009 Influenza A(H1N1)v severe pneumonia
Authors: Estella Angel
Published: July 2011

Introduction: Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1)v pneumonia has led to a notable increase of admissions to intensive care units. A cytokine-mediated inflammatory response has been well documented in pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, few studies have focused on the role of these inflammatory mediators in infections caused by the Influenza A (H1N1)v. In this study, we assess the inflammatory response mediated by cytokines at the local and systemic levels in three cases of severe pneumonia caused by Influenza A (H1N1) virus. Methodology: Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples were obtained from three mechanically ventilated patients diagnosed with Influenza A (H1N1) virus pneumonia by bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage.  Levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1ß) were meassured in these samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: High levels of C Reactive Protein, Procalcitonin below 1 ng/ml and absence of leukocytosis were common findings in all patients. TNF α and IL-1ß were not detected in the serum. IL-6 levels in serum were (94, pg/ml, 77 pg/ml and 84 pg/ml) respectively in the three patients, while IL-8 levels were (30,2 pg/ml, 128 pg/ml and 40,5 pg/ml). In the BAL samples, only one of the analysed cytokines, IL-1ß was present at detectable levels in two patients (21 pg/ml and 11 pg/ml respectively). Conclusions: Our results support previous findings which suggest that high levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in serum somehow participate in the inflammatory response in severe cases of pandemic influenza pneumonia.
Intestinal parasites and genotypes of Giardia intestinalis in school children from Berisso, Argentina
Authors: Molina Nora , Pezzani Betina , Ciarmela Maria , Orden Alicia , Rosa Diana , Apezteguía Maria , Basualdo Juan , Minvielle Marta
Published: July 2011

Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infections have been reported in different regions of Argentina. Giardia intestinalis is recognized as "the national parasite". The aim of this work was to determine the prevalence of both intestinal parasites and G. intestinalis genotypes, as well as to analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics in schoolchildren from a suburban community. Methodology: Serial coproparasitological analysis and perianal swab method were performed in 244 schoolchildren. Demographic, sociocultural and environmental variables were registered. The presence of signs/symptoms and risk behaviours were also recorded. Stools with G. intestinalis were selected for genotyping. Results: Out of 244 schoolchildren, 179/244 (73.4%) were infected with intestinal parasites. The presence of intestinal parasitosis was associated only with house flooding. Multivariate analysis identified that use of a latrine is significantly correlated with G. intestinalis and age six to 11 years with E. vermicularis. Signs and symptoms were recorded in 62% of infected children and in 57.9% of those not infected. Genomic amplification was revealed that 65.7% (46/70) of Giardia positive samples corresponded to genotype B, 31.4% (22/70) to genotype AII, and two samples (2.8%) had mixed infection (AII + B). Conclusions: This study shows a high percentage of infected children living in a suburban community in poor sanitary conditions, and not visiting the doctor in spite of evident signs and symptoms associated a digestive pathology. This situation supports the need for continuing the development of community programs allowing the improvement of quality of life and control of parasitosis in deprived populations.
Los mecanismos de la democracia en el pensamiento político de Alexis de Tocqueville
Authors: Gil Tomás
Published: July 2011

El artículo se propone reconstruir la concepción funcionalista de la democracia de Tocqueville, una concepción que se concentra en los efectos benéficos de la democracia, describiendo algunos de los mecanismos de su funcionamiento práctico.
Tocqueville y el laicismo en América
Authors: Hermosa Andújar Antonio
Published: July 2011

En este trabajo abordamos sólo la dimensión política del laicismo –no la cultural–, bien que Tocqueville fuera partidario destacado de ambas manifestaciones. Al abordar el hecho religioso, el autor de La democracia en América no se interesa en su dimensión teológica, sino en la puramente social. La religión juega aquí un papel estabilizador, tanto en la vida del individuo como en la de la comunidad. De hecho, su irrupción en la vida pública tiene lugar cuando se analizan las “causas principales”, entre las que se enumera, que preservan la república democrática. Su crucial importancia, ya insinuada en el rápido elenco de sujetos sobre los que actúa, se realza cuando se constata que su influencia abarca tanto el ámbito del pensamiento como el de la acción. Es eso lo que se analizará a continuación. Ahora bien, en nuestra crítica no sólo ponemos de manifiesto el supuesto de la confinación de la mujer al interior del hogar, exigido por su doctrina, o la expulsión del ateo del reino de la humanidad, al ser identificado como un vástago del demonio en un reino tan religioso como el de la sociedad americana, sino, igualmente, que la función de la religión como contrapunto a la pasión del bienestar pueda ser llevada con un mínimo de éxito.
Sobre el intelectual Eduardo García Duarte (1830-1905), abuelo materno del escritor Francisco Ayala. Un documento histórico
Authors: Correa Ramón Amelina
Published: July 2011

El artículo ofrece nuevos datos históricos sobre el abuelo materno del escritor granadino Francisco Ayala García-Duarte (1906-2009), basándose en la transcripción y comentario pormenorizado de un documento como es una carta familiar recién localizada. Eduardo García Duarte (1830-1905), quien a pesar de fallecer un año antes del nacimiento de su nieto fue una figura ejemplar muy presente durante toda su vida, parece ofrecerse como modelo de coherencia intelectual y personal en el conflictivo panorama histórico de las últimas décadas del siglo XIX en un país en crisis, republicano e influido (o quizás coincidente) por las ideas del krausismo, perseverante, laborioso, médico vocacional y docente entregado, que llegaría incluso a ser Rector de la Universidad de Granada.
Plagas, enfermedades y saberes agrícolas en el Caribe, un estudio de caso
Authors: Fernández Prieto Leida
Published: July 2011

A partir de los nuevos enfoques en los estudios sociales de la ciencia y la tecnología interesados en el análisis de los sitios donde se produce la ciencia y cómo circula, me interesa observar el Caribe como isla-centro en la construcción del saber agronómico tropical. Para ello estudio cómo se fueron formulando científicamente los pasos a seguir para erradicar una de las plagas que actualmente afectan con más intensidad las plantaciones de cocos del Caribe y América Latina, llamada Amarillamiento Letal del Cocotero (ALC), la cual ha destruido la industria de la copra en muchas zonas productoras. La epidemia apareció por vez primera en el siglo XIX en el Caribe antillano, donde obligó a los científicos locales a elaborar un sistema de conocimiento global. En particular, observo ese proceso en Cuba a partir de los debates científicos generados en la Real Academia de Ciencias Médicas, Físicas y Naturales de La Habana, así como con la entrada de científicos norteamericanos en el nuevo contexto imperial de inicios del siglo XX, quienes ampliaron su campo de estudio a todo el Caribe inglés e hispano a través del intercambio de ideas y experiencias.
Absence of β2 Integrins Impairs Regulatory T Cells and Exacerbates CD4+ T Cell-Dependent Autoimmune Carditis
Authors: Haasken Stefanie , Auger Jennifer L. , Binstadt Bryce A.
Published: July 2011

The immunopathogenic mechanisms mediating inflammation in multiorgan autoimmune diseases may vary between the different target tissues. We used the K/BxN TCR transgenic mouse model to investigate the contribution of CD4+ T cells and β2 integrins in the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis and endocarditis. Depletion of CD4+ T cells following the onset of arthritis specifically prevented the development of cardiac valve inflammation. Genetic absence of β2 integrins had no effect on the severity of arthritis and unexpectedly increased the extent of cardiovascular pathology. The exaggerated cardiac phenotype of the β2 integrin-deficient K/BxN mice was accompanied by immune hyperactivation and was linked to a defect in regulatory T cells. These findings are consistent with a model in which the development of arthritis in K/BxN mice relies primarily on autoantibodies, whereas endocarditis depends on an additional contribution of effector T cells. Furthermore, strategies targeting β2 integrins for the treatment of systemic autoimmune conditions need to consider not only the role of these molecules in leukocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation, but also their impact on the regulation of immunological tolerance.
CD8− Dendritic Cells and Macrophages Cross-Present Poly(D,L-lactate-co-glycolate) Acid Microsphere-Encapsulated Antigen In Vivo
Authors: Schliehe Christopher , Redaelli Chiara , Engelhardt Sabrina , Fehlings Michael , Mueller Marc , van Rooijen Nico , Thiry Marc , Hildner Kai , Weller Horst , Groettrup Marcus
Published: July 2011

The analysis of cell types involved in cross-priming of particulate Ag is essential to understand and improve immunotherapies using microparticles. In this study, we show that murine splenic dendritic cells (DCs) as well as macrophages (MΦs) are able to efficiently endocytose poly(D,L-lactate-co-glycolate) acid (PLGA) microspheres (MS) and to cross-present encapsulated Ags in the context of MHC class I molecules in vitro. A comparison of purified CD8+ and CD8− DCs indicated that both DC subtypes are able to present OVA-derived epitopes on MHC class I and II in vitro. To determine the contribution of DCs and MΦs to cross-priming of PLGA MS in vivo, DCs were depleted in transgenic CD11c-DTR mice, and MΦs were depleted by clodronate liposomes in wild-type mice before immunizing mice with OVA-encapsulated MS. Our results show that the depletion of DCs or MΦs alone only led to minor differences in the OVA-specific immune responses. However, simultaneous depletion of DCs and MΦs caused a strong reduction of primed effector cells, indicating a redundancy of both cell populations for the priming of PLGA MS-encapsulated Ag. Finally, we analyzed PLGA MS trafficking to draining lymph nodes after s.c. injection. It was evident that fluorescent particles accumulated within draining lymph nodes over time. Further analysis of PLGA MS-positive lymphatic cells revealed that mainly CD8− DCs and MΦs contained MS. Moreover, immune responses in BATF3 knockout mice lacking CD8+ DCs were normal. The results presented in this work strongly suggest that in vivo cross-priming of PLGA MS-encapsulated Ag is performed by CD8− DCs and MΦs.