bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Good News to the Poor?
Authors: Stanley Brian
Published: May 2020

This chapter explains why it was that liberation theology was born and able to flourish very widely in the apparently uncongenial environment of the Cold War. The answer is fourfold. First, the theological architects of liberation were able to draw on wider trends in social and political theology observable from the late 1960s. The second key factor is that one geotectonic upheaval in Latin American politics—the Cuban revolution that reached its climax with the overthrow of Fulgencio Batista by Fidel Castro in January of 1959—sent shock waves reverberating throughout the Catholic world. Third, the idea of liberation took its material shape from the growing disillusionment that set in during the 1950s and 1960s with the optimistic postwar economic theories of development prescribed by northern economists as the solution to the needs of impoverished Latin American and African countries seeking to achieve economic takeoff into “modernization.” The fourth and last answer relates to the prominent role played by students in most of the radical protest and countercultural movements of the 1960s and 1970s. The chapter also examines the markedly different contours that a Christian theology of liberation assumed in the context of Palestine after the creation of the state of Israel in 1948, and more especially after the further loss of Palestinian territory effected by the Six-Day War of June of 1967.
Teaching Tact
Authors: Russell David
Published: May 2020

This chapter shows that, for while it is true that Matthew Arnold focused on “the question of cultural values and intellectual and aesthetic standards,” the chapter suggests that it was precisely this focus that enabled Arnold to develop, against the grain of public discourse, an egalitarian ethic and a theory of education founded in the practice of tact. Arnold's writings propose, not a prescriptive content (of specific objects, rules, values, canonical goods), but a tactful mode of relation. It is a handling of experience, which is “adequate,” in Arnold's term, both to relieving the strain of, and finding new—egalitarian and creative—possibilities for, aesthetic freedom in modern social life. This effect of tact Arnold calls “deliverance,” and a “help out of our present difficulties.” It is a relation, a formal movement of making contact with the world, rather than an appropriation of the knowledge that would master it.
Reproductive Futurism
Authors: Scott Joan Wallach
Published: May 2020

This chapter shows how, in the discourse of secularism, the existence of separate spheres for women and men was no longer attributed to God, it was taken as a natural fact. The insistence on nature's mandate was a distinctive aspect of nineteenth-century secularism. Human biology was the ultimate source of the unequal and distinctive roles for women and men. These roles designated women's bodies as the agents of reproduction—as guarantor of the future of the family and, by extension, the race and the nation—and men as embodied labor power, whether manual or intellectual. In the discourse of secularism, the sexual division of labor also had an evolutionary dimension that linked the progress of civilization, and so of the white race, to specialized functions for each sex.
A Father Loses Three Sons to the Army
Authors: Szonyi Michael
Published: May 2020

This chapter provides a background on the consequences of choices about military mobilization in China's southeast coast under the Ming dynasty from 1368 to 1644. It does not focus on military or logistical or fiscal consequences but on social consequences of how military institutions shaped the lives of ordinary people. This chapter tells the stories of ordinary Ming families' interaction with state institutions and how this interaction affected other kinds of social relations. It explains how ordinary people in the Ming were able to deal with their obligations to provide manpower to the army and what were the broader consequences of their behaviour. The chapter also shows how people seized opportunities offered by living with the Ming state. Their strategies, practices, and discourses constitute a pattern of political interaction that was not unique to soldiers but was distributed more broadly across Ming society, and was not unique to the Ming but can be identified in other times in Chinese history, and perhaps beyond.
Conclusion
Authors: Szonyi Michael
Published: May 2020

This chapter reviews some of the ways Ming families dealt with their obligations to provide labor service to the state. It provides broader ways of thinking about the art of being governed in late imperial China and beyond. The families faced some distinctive challenges because they were registered as military households, but the fact of their having to deal with state institutions did not make them distinctive. For these families, as for most of the people who in the past several centuries have lived in what is today China, the critical political decision was not whether to engage with the state but how best to do so. This chapter also illustrates four cycles of human interaction with a changing institution. Within each cycle, people deployed their ingenuity and elements from their repertoire of cultural resources to better manage individual, family, and communal interaction with the institution. The institutional chronology reveals how the evolution of the institution generated different sorts of challenges for different groups of people, and how they responded strategically.
Strategic Inventory Management Practices and the Performance of Supermarkets in Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Arasa Robert M. , Achuora John O.
Published: May 2020

This study establishes the influence of strategic inventory management practices on the performance of supermarkets in Nairobi County, Kenya. Specifically, the study examined the effect of vendor managed inventory, lean-inventory system, e-inventory management system and activity-based costing system on performance of supermarkets in Nairobi County. The study was grounded on the resource based view theory. A descriptive cross-sectional survey research design was employed and stratified random sampling approach used to ensure representativeness of the study population. From the target population of 158 supermarkets a sample size of 113 supermarkets was picked. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data and was administered to the heads of supply chain management in the respective firms. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression equation were applied to analyse data with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 21.0). The study established a positive significant relationship between strategic inventory management practices and performance of supermarkets. Explicitly, e-inventory management system and activity-based costing system registered the highest influence on performance of supermarkets while lean inventory management systems had no significant influence on performance. The study concludes that strategic inventory management practices significantly improve performance of supermarkets. Consequently, the study recommends that management of supermarkets in the County should implement e-inventory management systems and practice activity-based costing in order to improve their performance through reduction of operation costs and improved inventory control, the management of supermarkets should institutionalize employment of cost accountants as part of supply chain management team for effective application of activity based costing in inventory management. and the government should give tax rebate on IT infrastructure related to e-inventory management systems to encourage up take of the systems by firm as a way of boosting their performance and growth. Further the study suggests that future research should focus on undertaking a comparable study incorporating a wider spatial and population scope as well as give attention to constructs affecting the effectiveness of strategic inventory management practices once they are implemented by supermarkets in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter and contribute towards the existing body of knowledge in this area.
Analysing Opportunity for New Established Acne Focused Skincare Brand in Indonesian Beauty Industry
Authors: Herdyanti Lina Qonitah , Mansoor Alvanoz Zpalanzani
Published: May 2020

The skin is of utmost importance when people judge someone as beautiful. Maintaining skin health and people awareness toward their skin appearance is important. This beauty and health culture is validated in the presence of the growth of global skincare market from 2012 to 2025. More than 90 percent of world population is affected by acne at some point in their life. In 2010, acne ranked 8th in the list of most prevalent diseases in the world. Study from Indonesian Society of Dermatology and Venereology (INSDV) state that 60% Indonesian people are experiencing acne in 2006 and by 2008 the number reach 80% with sufferers ranging from 12-40 years old.

The idea of this research is to help business people find the business strategy as new entrant in the beauty industry. Research is intended to analyze the environment for new established acne focused skincare brand. This paper presents external analysis consist of Porter’s Five Forces and Customer Analysis that will be concluded with Porter’s Generic Competitive Strategy
Efficiency Analysis of Microfinance Institutions in Bangladesh: Does Regulation Matter?
Authors: Ferdousi Farhana
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study is to measure efficiency of various Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in Bangladesh before and after introducing Microcredit Regulatory Authority (MRA) in order to capture the immediate impact of regulation. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist Productivity index technique have been used for this study. Findings reveal that 35% firms’ average productivity increase sharply after enacting microfinance regulation. Seven firms have been graduated from the inefficiency level to efficiency level. However, most of the firms among the increased efficiency list are comparatively young in terms of starting their microfinance operations. Result of Tobit regression does not find any significant relationship between efficiency and regulation. Due to regulation, only number of outreach increases but to ensure more productive growth, MRA needs to be more proactive in strengthening policy environment and educating MFIs to be better equipped with sound financial and managerial tools and techniques.
Factors Influencing Proper Zakah Payment in Dighalia Upazila of Khulna District, Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Saddam , Hasan Khan Mehedi , Khan Sarif Mohammad
Published: May 2020

The research identifies factors influencing proper zakah paying behavior in Dighalia upazila of Khulna district of Bangladesh. Summary statistics shows that most zakah amounts are paid in cash and are paid in the month of Ramadan. None paid zakah through any institution rather paid personally to both relatives and non-relatives. A logistic regression was used to identify factors affecting proper zakah payment. Result shows that performers of hajj and chilla have 80 percent and 73 percent more likelihood respectively to be exact zakah payers than those who have not performed those. Regular readers of religious book have 54 percent higher probability to be exact zakah payers than other category. The study suggests taking step to increase awareness of zakah payers in order to reduce poverty and inequality. As many zakah payers are unorganized and pay in piecemeal meal to many people and in uncoordinated way, collective and coordinated approach zakah management can bring greater effect.
The Readiness of Community Based Tourism Village Development (Case Study at Bongkasa Pertiwi Tourism Village, Bali Province, Indonesia)
Authors: Wijaya Putu Yudy , Hartati Putu Sri , Sumadi Ni Komang
Published: May 2020

Village tourism for the benefit of the community in the development of tourism, so that people with culture are not only for tourism purposes, but are able to improve welfare and preservation. The purpose of this research is to study the readiness of the Bongkasa Pertiwi Tourism Village as a tourism village based on Community Based Tourism. There are several aspect to analyze the readiness of tourism village, i.e.: (1) Socio-economic aspects, (2) Socio-cultural aspects, (3) Environmental aspects (4) management aspects. Based on the results of an assessment of the readiness of developing the Bongkasa Pertiwi Tourism Village, the level of community-based tourism development readiness is quite potential. Some aspects that are decisive in the readiness to develop Community Based Tourism are social and environmental aspects with sufficient potential, while the socio-economic and management aspects have potential that is not yet optimal.
Mapping Evolution of Audit Quality Measurement
Authors: Husain T.
Published: May 2020

This study discusses the audit quality measurement issues. The issue becomes important because of difficult will be to define audit quality measurements by many researchers. This research aims to map audit quality measurements with certain aspects and becomes important in making it easier for researchers, especially beginner researchers to choose the approach to audit quality measurement. The type of research is explanatory with a qualitative approach. Data analysis methods doing three steps viz. data reduction, data display, and data verification with data triangulation technique. The findings of this study show that researchers who are interested in measuring audit quality variables should do to mapping first to understand of measurement formats into the audit quality proxies according to the definition of audit quality, derived from proxies used in previous studies, measurement formulation and choose the use of scales. This study is very important considering secondary data usage will look at the measurement scale category to determine the methods and data analysis techniques to be selected as well as the statistical program assistance which can be used.
Have Your Cake and Eat It, Too? The Practical Challenges Executives Face with the Mutual Gains Approach to Negotiations
Authors: Jagodzinska Katarzyna
Published: May 2020

Winning a negotiation is undeniably the most desirable outcome for most negotiators. Unfortunately, a focus on one-sided gains rarely leads to sustainable agreements. In today`s competitive business environment it is therefore essential to reach a negotiation outcome that not only bridges the interests of both parties, but also enforces the relationship between them. While the idea that negotiators should strive towards mutually acceptable solutions has already been examined in literature, few studies address the practical challenges that executives face when they apply the mutual gains approach to negotiations in modern business practice.

This article introduces a systematic 6-step process, which encompasses the key elements of the mutual gains approach to negotiation and the challenges that business executives typically face with the application of each element. The study provides a straightforward and user-friendly framework that can be used to prepare for a negotiation or at any time during a negotiation to avoid the most common mistakes and boost the chances of reaching executable agreements.
COVID – 19 on Lockdown, Social Distancing and Flattening the Curve – A Review
Authors: Balasa Adela Paingan
Published: May 2020

The novel corona outbreak that started in Wuhan China in Autumn 2019, has infected and killed hundreds of thousands of people all over the world. People around the world are scared because a vaccine has not yet been developed to cure this disease. Scientists and health experts around the world are working hard to develop medical countermeasures to control the spread of the COVID 19 outbreak. COVID-19 pandemic created an unprecedented world crisis to our health and changed the way we perceived our world and our everyday lives. To be able to contain the pattern of transmission of this deadly virus, health experts suggests to each one of us to observe the required safety measures such as social distancing and washing our hands with soap and water in a regular basis and observe a proper hygiene. The role of different mass media channels skyrocketing in our lives on different levels. During this time of the pandemic, mass media have been highly recognized as strongest forces in promoting solidarity to people around the world. It has been followed by an increasing volume of research closed to the footsteps of technological transformations intended to map mass media strongest impacts on how we perceived ourselves during this time of the pandemic. Why lockdown and social distancing amid corona virus? When will this outbreak end? What does flattening the curve mean in relation to Corona Virus? This paper discusses the significance of social distancing, lockdown and flattening the curve as countermeasures in order to win the fight against COVID 19. Meanwhile, other interventions and prevention measures such as, lockdown, community quarantine and social distancing are all the necessary interventions and prevention measures that governments all over the world are urging their citizens to do in order to delay and prevent the spread as well as to flatten the curve against COVID-19.
A Comparative Analysis of the Rebound Hammer and Pullout as Non-Destructive Method in Testing Concrete
Authors: Onyeka Festus Chukwudi
Published: May 2020

A comparative analysis between Rebound Hammer and Pullout method in testing concrete was conducted in this study. Experimental analysis were carried out to compare the correctness between the two testing method in estimating the strength of concrete. Different cube (cubes of 175 x 175 x 175) samples were prepared using two mix designs of 1:2:4 and 1:3:6 with a constant w/c ratio of 0.45 and were tested at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The rebound hammer readings had a correlation coefficient of 0.695 while the pullout had a correlation coefficient of 0.725 for the 1:2:4 mix and the rebound hammer readings for 1:3:6 was 0.724 and that for the pullout was 0.675. From the results obtained, it is observed that the non-destructive testing methods were correlated with the compressive strength results which showed that a higher correlation existed between the Rebound Hammer and the compressive strength than the Pullout. Statistical analysis of the results obtained showed that there was no significant difference between the means of the two methods for both mix at a 0.05 level of significance. However, Rebound hammer method can be recommended as it provides a quicker, less-expensive means of checking the uniformity of concrete even though it shows less sensitivity as concrete matures, unlike the Pullout test in which measuring strength is affected by the arrangement of the embedded insert, the dimensions of bearing ring, the depth of embedment, the concrete age and the type of aggregates uses in concrete.
Experimental Validation of a Forced-Circulation Solar Water Heating System Equipped with Flat-Plate Solar Collectors – Case Study
Authors: Maraj Altin
Published: May 2020

This paper represents the comparison and the validation of results obtained from the simulation, towards the measurements performed in a forced-circulation solar water heating system equipped with flat-plate solar collectors. Polysun tool is used to model and to simulate the considered system during an annual time period. Mathematical models are used to calculate the required sensible heat, thermal yield from the flat-plate collector area, delivered energy to the thermal consumer, efficiency of the collector area, efficiency of the system, and the solar fraction. To validate the model, experimental data recorded in time intervals of 5-minutes in a trial installation are utilized. Statistical test errors (epsilon, MBE, MPE, RMSE, and R^2) are used to compare the values obtained from the simulation and measurements. Between them, a very good fit is noticed.
New Thermodynamics: Rethinking the Science of Climate Change
Authors: Mayhew Kent W.
Published: May 2020

Statistical analysis shows that climate change is due to human activities. The accepted reason being the greenhouse effect, which is based on the erroneous assumption that homonuclear gases are opaque to thermal energy. The reality is that all polyatomic gases absorb and then radially radiate thermal energy, as proven by their heat capacities. The greenhouse effect, then becomes secondary. Thermal energy generated by human activities is part of Earth’s anthroposphere which is where climate change is measured. Such human-generated thermal energy is absorbed by all our atmosphere’s polyatomic gases, which is then radially radiated by those very gases. Therefore, our whole atmosphere forms Earth’s thermal blanket, and human’s activities becomes the root cause of climate change. Our Sun’s influx starts outside of Earth’s thermal blanket, with much of its visible light reaching Earth’s surface. However, the majority of the Sun’s insolation is at thermal wavelengths, which are readily absorbed by Earth’s atmosphere, and whose energy are then radially radiated by its polyatomic gases.
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Published: May 2020

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Published: May 2020

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Construyendo perdón y reconciliación: significados de familiares de víctimas de desaparición forzada pertenecientes a organizaciones sociales de la ciudad Medellín
Authors: Villa Gómez Juan David , Marín Caro Vanessa , Zapata Álvarez Luisa Fernanda
Published: May 2020

Este artículo se enmarca en la macroinvestigación “Barreras psicosociales para la construcción de paz y reconciliación en Medellín y tres municipios de Antioquia”, desarrollado por el Grupo de Investigación en Psicología (GIP) Sujetos, Sociedad y Trabajo, de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, y pretende comprender los significados que los participantes han construido sobre perdón y reconciliación en el contexto de transición y negociación política del conflicto armado entre el gobierno colombiano y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC). A la luz de la psicología social crítica latinoamericana, emergieron discursos alrededor de las dimensiones individuales, colectivas y sociales del perdón y la reconciliación, las relaciones que se encuentran con la verdad, la justicia, la reparación, el olvido y la memoria; las similitudes y distinciones que encuentran las víctimas entre perdón y reconciliación y la importancia de contextualizar y particularizar estos procesos en función de la desaparición forzada. Los procesos de perdón y reconciliación que se emprendan deben tener como protagonistas a las víctimas, puesto que la intervención del Estado en estos escenarios, cuando hay impunidad, omisiones y encubrimientos por su parte, puede ser contraproducente. Cuando estas se apropian del proceso se producen transformaciones subjetivas y la reconstrucción del tejido social.
Problems of transporting heavy containers by road transport in Russian Federation
Authors: Petrov Boris Sergeevich , Galin Alexander Valentinovich
Published: May 2020

The article considers the problem of heavy cargo transporting as an integral part of functioning of industry in the country. The transportation of such types of cargo is regulated by the legislation related to the national transport infrastructure. There have been considered the ways of transporting heavy sea containers by road transport in the Russian Federation. Definitions of the divisible and indivisible cargo, the maximum mass of the road train have been given, the indicators of the maximum permissible mass of the vehicle and the axle load on the roads of Russia, approved by legislative acts of the Russian Federation, have been presented. The issues of the correct choice of freight vehicles and compliance with the rules for transportation of heavy cargo, in particular compliance with the permissible total weight and axle loads, have been considered. There has been proposed the method for calculating axle loads and the solution to the problem of redistributing axle loads by moving the seat of the towing vehicle, transporting a heavy sea container by train being used as the example. The obtained values make it possible to estimate the possibility of carrying heavy cargo without violating standards approved by the legislation of Russia
Improvement of storage conditions of fruits and vegetables in storehouses
Authors: Rudenko Alexandra Mikhailovna , Shipulina Yulia Victorovna , Rudenko Mikhail Fedorovich
Published: May 2020

The article touches upon the problem of conditions and ways of storing potatoes at large harvesting fruit and vegetable storehouses. There are the methods of vegetable storage in bulk and in containers. Various air exchange systems are considered for natural food storage under ambient temperatures, artificial storage using refrigerators and heating devices and combined types. There has been proposed the advanced air ventilation system in the storehouses for containerized goods. The new ventilation system allows improving the air mass circulation system throughout the storehouse providing individual air supply to each container, regulating the local air supply and ventilation of the container, if necessary. This ventilation system generally reduces losses of fruits and vegetables by 12–15 % due to slight increasing electrical energy consumption by 2–4 % and the reconstruction of the storehouse. The use of the PC control of climatic parameters (temperature and humidity in the storehouse), the air exchange system (local resistance to regulate the flow rate and air velocity) and operational control of the system with a combined version of the work will not only further reduce production losses, but also significantly save electrical energy.
Problems of uniform distribution of gas flow in gas drying absorbers when preparing gas for transportation
Authors: Maksimenko Yuriy Aleksandrovich , Drachevskii Sergei , Drachevskaya Natal'ya
Published: May 2020

The article highlights the important factors of gas treatment. The dew point of commercial gas is one of the main normalized indicators, since the moisture content in commercial gas has a significant impact on the uptime of automatic equipment, on reducing corrosion of gas pipelines, process equipment and compressor stations during gas transportation. Adsorption drying of natural gas is a widely used method in the Russian gas industry. This method is characterized by the high level of environmental safety. Besides, the advantages of the method include the absence of the liquid phase and corrosive fluids in the commercial gas, low specific adsorbent consumption and the high degree of process automation. The article presents an overview of practical methods of adsorption drying of natural gas when preparing it for transportation. The advantages of adsorption drying over other methods are considered; the constructive disadvantages of absorber types are described; the ways of eliminating them are proposed
Characteristics of building Anyhaul 5G RAN
Authors: Tipakov Vasily Sergeevich , Yakovlev Timur Aleksandrovich
Published: May 2020

The article discusses the current problems of implementing 5G networks in the existing infrastructure of urban networks. A general overview of development options for the transport network operators in various data transmission areas has been given. The possibilities of applying new standards and technologies for building high-performance fifth-generation networks have been considered. The increased requirements for speed performance of new transport networks dictate new rules for the design of linear-cable structures and the choice of equipment at intermediate communication nodes. Greater investments at the initial stage of launching a new network are the key to successful servicing thousands of new subscribers and IoT devices.
Characteristics of shadow economy in stagnation era in USSR
Authors: Mametev Ilia Valerievich
Published: May 2020

The article focuses on the problems of shadow economy, such as the illegal activity, as well as a legal activity hidden from the state control, which became an integral part of the life of the Soviet Union in the period of stagnation. The development of the shadow sector was connected, first of all, with the inability of the command-administrative system to take into account the demands of the population for certain goods and services. There have been examined prerequisites for the emergence of the shadow economy and the stages of its development in the society that built communism in the 1960s–1980s. The shadow economy contributed to the growth of corruption and criminalization, initiated the racket in the 1990s and significantly affected the public consciousness of the Soviet citizens and, later, the mentality of modern Russian society
Economic development of society and cargo transportation systems
Authors: Galin Alexander Valentinovich , Dmitriev Alexander Aleksandrovich , Vinogradova Erika Vladimirovna
Published: May 2020

The paper discusses the development of transportation systems in the context of social development, their interrelation, motive forces and restrictions. The trends in the development of society and transport systems have been traced throughout the human events. There have been substantiated the requirements for the transport priority development as one of driving forces of social development. There have been formulated the standards for the modern transport systems which play the integral part in the modern economy. The reasons and stages of containerization improvement have been considered. The principles of the integrated development of containerization as a modern global delivery system have been identified and form
Characteristics of interactive methods of foreign language training for students of non-linguistic specialities
Authors: Afanasyeva Olga Sergeevna , Morozova Yanina Samvelovna
Published: May 2020

The article discusses the pedagogical conditions for organizing the educational process of teaching foreign languages, which contribute to the formation of communicative competence of students. There has been presented the analytical review of modern methods of instructing non-linguistic students in foreign languages. The analysis of methods of interactive teaching a foreign language (a group discussion, a discussion, a case method, a role-playing game, a conference) has been carried out. It has been inferred that the introduction of interactive teaching methods into the educational process has distinct advantages
Specificity of online game industry development
Authors: Tikhonova Valentina Lvovna
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to identifying the specifics and main reasons for the development of the multiplayer gaming industry. The main factors in its development were not only the improvement of Internet technologies and software, but the great demand of players to expand opportunities for self-presentation, passive entertainment and gaining income in the game space. As a result, there appeared the special virtual trading platforms allowing the player to carry out additional customization of the game character for real money. The customization gives the character special unique characteristics distinguishing him from many others. Each game genre has certain capabilities and functionality for the self-presentation of players through customization of the game character. The desire of players to gain success in a virtual environment has led to the development of the phenomenon called e-sports which is based on holding cyber tournaments in halls with special equipment, visual venues and commentators. The demand for the expansion of the entertainment base has led to the emergence of streaming which is the ability to passively monitor the gameplay broadcasting in the Internet in real time. To attract viewers, and, accordingly, sponsors, broadcasts are accompanied by original jokes and comments, therefore streaming often resembles a television entertainment show.
Lengthening in Quranic Performance Acoustic Study in Time and Written symbol
Authors: Al-malgami Alawi Ahmed
Published: May 2020

Lengthening is one of the acoustic phenomena which have left the holy Quran distinguished but it is still a complex issue for many scholars who are concerned with this area of study especially the period of time which means the time of lengthening that depends upon the performance of present reciters and old reciters. This controversial issue resulted in another complex issue. The acoustic phenomenon can't be only expressed theoretically in expressive terms but it should be expressed in scientific terms. Furthermore, the lengthening particularly -the derived lengthening- is considered as another important issue in the field of research. It is a phenomenon that distinguishes the Quranic performance from the casual linguistic performance of Arabic and other languages, so the scholars face the problem of how to write it morphologically or acoustically. This Study aims to measure the period of time to the lengthening during the Quranic recitation through programs and then comparing the results to the estimations of old reciters. It also suggests a scientific expression for the lengthening period of time and paired with digital measure. Then we put an orthographic symbol in order to express lengthening morphologically and acoustically. Actually, this Study uses (Praat Program) for acoustic analysis. This has come in harmony with what was already determined by the old reciters in which the movement of (half Alef sound) needs (25. of a second) whereas the movement of complete Alef sound needs (50. of a second). This Study also has come in harmony with the estimations of of old reciters in the normal lengthening and connected lengthening but not in the Short compulsory lengthening with the four reciters. According to this practical study, the suggested sound is a number added to the long voiced sign that contains lengthening. This number equals the number of movements after dividing the period of time of reciter 's performance according to the movement time which is (25. of one second.
The Divine Kingship of The Tagoi OF The Nuba Mountains—Sudan
Authors: Ali Osman Mohamed
Published: May 2020

This article traces history of the formation of a divine kingship among the Tagoi people of the north-eastern Nuba Mountains. This historical backdrop provides a context for investigating change and continuity in the Tagoi political system. Concentrating on actual processes, the article gives some accounts on how the divinization of Tagoi kingship could be a political move to bolster the legitimacy of personalized powers. Relevance of the comparatively old evolutionist, diffusionist, structuralist and neo-evolutionist theories of divine kingship to the Tagoi case is discussed. Here, the main conclusion was that the Tagoi’s concept of “divine king” does not exactly apply to any of the definitions that are embedded in these theories, as it portrays—in a measure—a distinct and genuine type of divine kingship. The analyses and interpretations are also supported by the relatively modern concepts of galactic polity, mimesis, perspectivism, and mutlinaturalism.
Al-Adudi Bimaristan in Baghdad (371-656 H /981-1258 BC) A study in its Historical Evolution and Cultural Role
Authors: Alkadhat Mohammad AbdAlla
Published: May 2020

Bimarstans flourished in the Islamic civilization and were various in types. Some were devoted to the treatment of certain diseases such as leprosy and mental diseases. Others were of a general nature and weredevoted to treat various diseases. The Bimaristan was one of several service buildings that Al-Mansur was keen to include in his round city, Al-Modawarah. After that, establishing Bimaristans continued in Baghdad until there were five of them in the fourth Hijri century. Despite the emergence of Bimaristans, medicine was practiced by a category that did not have the necessary medical qualifications. Thus, the situation was chaotic where there were many medical errors. This prompted Caliph Al-Muqtadir to take the decision of regulating and organizing the profession of medicine. The inauguration of Al-Adudi Bimaristan in (371 H /981 BC) was the culmination of the institutionalization of medical work in Baghdad. Although the bases of this Bimaristan was the work of the Turkish leader Bajkam, Adud Al-Dawlah, also, added a number of buildings, equipped it with all needed services, and entrusted the task to the famous doctor, Al- Razi. To ensure continuity and progression of this Bimaristan, Adud Al-Dawlah allotted many Waqfs to benefit from in spending on the Bimaristan and its guests. Successor Buyid princes followed him in this approach. Al-Adudi Bimaristan was characterized by introducing the concept of medical specialties. It was divided into halls according to diseases, and specialized doctors were chosen to work in each hall. An additional characteristic was dedicating rooms for the teaching of medicine, coupled with practical training in patients' rooms, in addition to the administrative authority that manages the Bimaristan’s affairs and expenses. The Bimaristan continued to perform its medical and educational role until the end of the Abbasid age, where it took its share of the destruction that was inflicted upon the urban structure of Baghdad afterthe Mongol invasion in (656 H / 1258 BC)
From Receiving Meaning To Constructing Meaning: An Analytical Historical of the Reader's Role in the Literary Work
Authors: Al-Hendi Noor Issa
Published: May 2020

The study of the connection between the reader and the meaning of the literary text developed throughout the ages, and critics went in different directions in their analysis of the nature of that connection as well as the reader’s role on the literary text. In this context, the proposed study traces this relationship’s development to analyze the following: (1) the role played by the German Constance School in transforming the reader’s role from being a consumer reader to become a participant in the construction of meaning, and to highlight the procedures used by the founders of this school to facilitate understanding the reader’s new role. (2) the study sheds light on the way in which the critic Murād Mabrūk in his theory about “the literary communication” conveyed the concepts of the Constance School about the reader’s role in producing meaning to open up a new horizon for studying the meaning of the literary text. The study concludes, through its use of the historical analytic method, that: (1) the historical development of the mechanism of interpretation of meaning is based on the idea of the shift in interaction with meaning from the negative interaction in which the meaning is a constant element discovered by the reader to the positive interaction in which the meaning is a variable element resulting from the interaction between the text, Author, and reader.
Tolerance of the Quranic Linguistic Approach in Semantic Linguistic Linguistics And the analysis of vocabulary in the context of Paradise
Authors: Al Ardhi Mohammed Jaafar
Published: May 2020

The research examines the keenness of the Qur'anic discourse on the production of a linguistic brotherhood through the employment of one of the non-Semitic languages of the Semitic languages. This view is based on linguistic tolerance and the system of Quranic linguistic policies, in order to show that the existence of such words in the Koranic language did not come from deficiencies in the Arabic language, but came to achieve goals of a universal human nature, namely creating an atmosphere of openness to the other Community through the other language, which achieves a deliberative function on the one hand, and achieves the function of civilizational dialogue and human integration with the societies of these languages taken from the other hand.As for the cultural aspect, it appears that the Quranic discourse places the Arab in front of civilizations and countries surrounding him. He must turn to the discovery and the necessity of competing. On the other hand, the recruitment in the context of Al-Naim creates a Quranic will to call for the urbanization, settlement and stability of the Arab Bedouin man, and his call to think about improving his retirement, clothing and the requirements of his life from food and architecture.
Teaching Archaeology in a University Museum: Archaeology Museum at Sultan Qaboos University as a Case Study
Authors: Al-Jahwari Nasser S , Douglas Khaled A , Al-Belushi Mohamed A , Hesein Mohamed A , Suliman Suliman Zakria
Published: May 2020

Learning environment plays an important role in the quality of the learning process, particularly in teaching archaeology. Museum environment is among the active environments contributing to this process in which it enables students to acquire skills different from those they acquire in the traditional classroom. Museums generally consist of a variety of artefacts and material that are displayed to the public, preserved, maintained and studied. University museums have an additional function: they are used as spaces for teaching and training students at all levels, particularly in the field of archaeology. Students in the museum can deal with its collections, as well as educational programs offered by their professors. A university museum offers university students with materials suitable for the study and research. It has the ability to hold a variety of educational activities, and it stimulates students' interest and motivates them to think creatively. This studyassumes that studying archaeology courses within the university museum is more useful for students than teaching within the traditional classroom of the university. To test this hypothesis, the Department of Archaeology in the College of Arts and Social Sciences at Sultan Qaboos University and its archaeology museum were taken as a case study. A number of archaeological courses are taught within this museum, while other courses are taught in traditional classrooms. In order to determine the impact of teaching of archaeological courses in the University Archaeology Museum, a questionnaire was designed to measure the degree of such an effect. It was distributed to all students studying archaeology courses in the spring of the academic year 2019 in the Department of Archaeology. The results indicate that the majority of students believe that the courses they studied at the museum contributed significantly to increasing their academic achievement and understanding of their contents more than those they studied in the normal classroom. The study has suggested the importance of using the university museum as a teaching environment that motivates students. Such environment is an important interactive source of teaching and its development and quality.
The Reality of the Practices of Parliamentary Councils in the Educational Policy Making in Sultanate of Oman (From The Viewpoint of Oman’s Council Members)
Authors: Al Abri Khalaf , Al-Haadi Badriya , Lashin Mohammed , Salah El-Din Nisreen
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to identify the reality of the practices of the Parliamentary Councils in making educational policy in the Sultanate of Oman from the point of view of the members of the Council of State and the Shura Council. It also focused on the mechanisms of parliamentary participation in educational policymaking, ending up with suggesting a number of proposals for the development of such practices. The sample of the study consisted of 42 members of the Oman Council. The descriptive approach was used as it suits the objectives and the nature of the study. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was used, consisting of 68 items divided into three focuses of the study (practice, practice mechanisms and developmental proposals). The study found that there is a need for importance developing the practices of the Parliamentary Councils in making education policy in the Sultanate of Oman. It also reached to the conclusion that the members of the two Councils should be granted more powers to increase their contributions to education policy-making. The study recommended involving other society groups in making educational policy side by side with the role played by the Oman Council.
Material Provocations in the Archives
Authors: Stuchel Dani
Published: May 2020

As a name, “Anthropocene” would seem to signal that this geologic epoch is both because of humans and about humans. The latter implication draws on pervasive cultural ideas about nature which underlie the Anthropocene and its climatic impacts, namely nature as an extractable, endlessly-renewable resource. While scholars in the environmental humanities, animal studies, and critical plant studies have been quick to both diagnose and propose new directions for our engagements with the material universe, scholarship on archival materiality has continued to focus on the archives as an institution for and about human intellectual endeavors. In other words, the archives continues to be an extractable resource. Within the archives animal, plant, and abiotic changes which work against projects of human history are seen as failures, infestations, or disasters – they can never be properly archival. This essay offers a potential corrective to anthropocentric archiving, by bringing together Jane Bennett’s new materialist project of “vibrant matter,” Michael Marder’s vegetal philosophy, and Caitlin DeSilvey’s curation of decay to suggest avenues of engaging archival materiality as meaningful and provocative. As an analytic schema, this focus on the ‘vibrant archives’ does not aim to save records from planetary changes but to begin the work of re-thinking archival materiality (and its destruction) within the context of the Anthropocene.

Pre-print first published online 04/07/2019
Dying Well In the Anthropocene
Authors: Winn Samantha R.
Published: May 2020

Humanities scholars argue that the Anthropocene forces humanity to confront its death as a species. For memory workers, the specter of biological annihilation is accompanied by a more immediate existential crisis: if there will be no one to remember what was, then what will have been the purpose of memory work? This essay reviews emerging literature on archivy’s affective and structural adaptations to climate change alongside speculative futures of memory work in climate fiction. The article argues for Anthropocene archivists to adopt a palliative practice based on transdisciplinary principles of radical care, intentional degrowth, anticipatory grief, and maintenance theory.

Pre-print first published online 06/13/2019
Documents for the Nonhuman
Authors: Radio Erik
Published: May 2020

As the Anthropocene advances, questions about what life on earth will look like in the geological short term are varied and difficult to answer with much specificity. What the Anthropocene has made clear though is that the ongoing existence of life, or life as it is currently understood, is not at all a given. Memory institutions face a challenge on an unprecedented scale - how does one continue the ongoing work of documenting the human record, while at the same time considering how those documents, metadata, and ephemera can be used by the readers of the Anthropocene? How does one document for the nonhuman? While an understandably bleak situation, the Anthropocene allows for realistic questions about the nature of work in libraries, archives, and museums to be asked, and what it means to continue creating records and documentation when they are for entities humans may never encounter. Further, what does documenting for the long term and unknown mean about how we document for humans now? This paper explores the idea of the nonanthropocentric document to illuminate assumptions about the frameworks in which meaning can be communicated and codified and how, or if, this can used to assess what would otherwise be a problem of endless context.

Pre-print first published online 08/25/2019
Libraries and Archives in the Anthropocene
Authors: Tansey Eira , Montoya Robert D.
Published: May 2020

In this editors' note, guest editors Eira Tansey and Robert Montoya introduce the special issue for libraries and archives in the Anthropocene.