bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jornalismo audiovisual: da tela da TV para outras telas
Authors: Machado Filho Francisco , Ferreira Mayra
Published: April 2019

O presente trabalho é fruto de uma pesquisa em desenvolvimento em parceria com a TV Unesp, emissora universitária vinculada à Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita, campus de Bauru/SP e que tem por objetivo identificar os pontos convergentes e divergentes na produção de conteúdo audiovisual informativo para a TV aberta e demais plataformas digitais e móveis. O texto em questão é a conclusão da primeira etapa da pesquisa que se pautou por identificar os pressupostos básicos que deverão nortear os conteúdos que serão produzidos posteriormente e veiculados pela emissora no decorrer da pesquisa. Foram analisadas as características do jornalismo audiovisual online e o modelo de negócios da TV aberta em contraste com o modelo de negócios presente na Internet.
O que dizem os enquadramentos de câmera no telejornal? Um olhar sobre formas audiovisuais contemporâneas do jornalismo
Authors: Freire Gutmann Juliana
Published: April 2019

De modo a contribuir para a discussão sobre o tratamento audiovisual que a informação jornalística recebe, este artigo analisa articulações entre usos de enquadramentos de câmera na cena de apresentação do telejornal e sentidos de tempo presente e interesse público, valores de distinção do jornalismo aqui abordados pela perspectiva das noções de conversação e participação. São identificadas apropriações de enquadramentos de câmera recorrentes em 15 telejornais de rede brasileiros que respondem por formas audiovisuais contemporâneas do telejornalismo responsáveis por novos tipos de configurações espaço-temporais. Numa perspectiva metodológica, busca-se contribuir para o estudo de gênero televisivo ao conceber os usos desses dispositivos audiovisuais enquanto estratégia de comunicabilidade do telejornal.
Notícias falsas, incorretas e incompletas: os desafios dos jornalistas em busca da retificação voluntária. A experiência espanhola
Authors: López Hidalgo Antonio , Fernández Barrero Ángeles
Published: April 2019

Os jornalistas devem verificar as informações fornecidas por suas fontes. Contudo, alguns fatores como a precariedade no trabalho, o imediatismo e a credibilidade que eles dão, sobretudo às fontes institucionais, leva os jornalistas a não verificarem a informação. Vários códigos de conduta recomendam a obrigação de corrigir a informação assim que se descobre que um erro não-intencional foi cometido, mas os jornalistas não gostam de reconhecer seus próprios erros, nem de corrigi-los publicamente. Essas circunstâncias afetam a qualidade do discurso e também a credibilidade dos meios de comunicação. Ombudsmen preenchem parcialmente essa lacuna. Como resultado, fragmentos de notícias falsas, equivocadas, erradas ou enviesadas são publicadas por jornalistas, contrariando as regras de verdade e honestidade, sendo raramente retificadas por iniciativa própria. O artigo analisa a cobertura das armas de destruição em massa do Iraque, na qual, como em um jogo de imitação, o mesmo erro foi sendo repetido em diferentes meios e em diferentes países, apesar de alguns jornais prestigiosos publicarem um pouco usual pedido de desculpas.
Os multi-suportes a pleno vapor. O caso da empresa canadense Québecor, 1995-2010
Authors: Demers François , Le Cam Florence
Published: April 2019

Este texto propõe uma análise das estratégias do grupo canadense Québecor a partir de uma pesquisa etnográfica, realizada entre 1999 e 2005, e de uma revisão das atividades do grupo e do estado das relações sociais cinco anos mais tarde, em 2010. O conglomerado representa o protótipo da empresa de comunicação que entrou, desde muito tempo, em um processo progressivo de convergência midiática. Aliando formas de sinergia na promoção cruzada de suportes, parcerias estratégicas com outros veículos e a introdução de inovações estruturais, o Québecor representa, na província canadense do Quebec, o ator que se dedica com mais intensidade à produção multi-plataformas. Nesse ponto, ele promove a figura do jornalista multitarefas, encorajado a multiplicar não apenas sua competência, mas também a produtividade. Contudo, tal dinâmica não cobre apenas as transformações da atividade trabalhistas dos empregados da empresa, mas mostra também as estratégias utilizadas por conglomerado para gerir as possibilidades financeiras e comerciais prometidas pela convergência.
Pesquisa: compreensão da teoria do jornalismo (contribuições colombianas)
Authors: Osorio Raul
Published: April 2019

A história do jornalismo é um campo de contatos e empréstimos. Por esse motivo, a pesquisa em jornalismo tem e traz uma agenda ampla e complexa, como: o processo de produção jornalística, sua construção da linguagem por meio de diferentes formas, estruturas e tempos. A metodologia, epistemologia e pesquisa qualitativa em jornalismo; a história dos jornalistas e do jornalismo; ou seja, as relações múltiplas do jornalismo com a cultura, a memória, as teorias sociais e o discurso; campos que têm sido abordados e pesquisados na Ibero-América. Mas a pergunta sobre nosso Ethos profissional é o que continua a ser o eixo transversal da pesquisa, não diria apenas no continente americano, mas no mundo. Ela é fundamental em nossa existência e na análise profunda sobre esse conjunto de características e modos, de comportamentos, que compõem o caráter e a identidade da nossa profissão.
O jornalista na pesquisa e na arte
Authors: Marocco Beatriz
Published: April 2019

O jornalista tem sido objeto das artes e das ciências. Nesta incisão no tema do painel “Configurações e perspectivas da pesquisa em jornalismo no Brasil em diálogo com os estudos latinoamericanos em jornalismo”, realizado no Encontro Nacional da Sociedade Brasileira de Pesquisadores em Jornalismo/SBPJor (Curitiba, 10/11/2012), reconheci que o âmbito acadêmico projeta dois tipos de ação: em rede de pesquisadores de diferentes países e regiões do mundo, com participação de países da América Latina, na pesquisa colaborativa e em projetos de investigação com outras bases de colaboração. Ambas as modalidades dialogam com a produção do cinema e da literatura – que visibiliza a grande potência do profissional para tramas e tensões.
Entre bits e dólares: desafios para o financiamento da produção fotojornalística contemporânea.
Authors: Da Silva Junior José Afonso , Peixoto João Guilherme de Melo
Published: April 2019

A atividade fotojornalística atravessa atualmente o maior conjunto de alterações na sua cadeia produtiva desde que foi agregada aos processos digitais e em rede. Esse conjunto de mudanças atinge os meios de produção, edição e circulação de conteúdo e estabelecem para a atividade novos desafios e propostas. Neste trabalho observamos  que, para além das questões de ordem ontológica, os aspectos relacionados à economia e ao financiamento da produção fotojornalística se mostram igualmente em transformação. Como método de análise busca-se comparar as possibilidades em tela, com o tradicional modelo usado por jornais e revistas ilustradas, em um momento em que podemos chamar de fotojornalismo pré-convergente. De modo complementar, objetiva-se indicar as principais alternativas dessas novas tendências.
A New EOR Technology: Gas Alternating Gas Injection
Authors: Samba Mohammed Alsharif , Aldokali Ibrahim , Elsharaf Mahmoud Omran
Published: April 2019

A new method of enhanced oil recovery has been developed and applied to a simulation using some of data from the fifth SPE paper " template from CMG ". The simulator was used in this paper is GEM in the Computer Modelling Group (CMG) advanced equation-of-state (EOS) compositional simulator. The new method is called Gas alternating gas injection(GAG). The Gas Alternating Gas process is a cyclic method of injecting alternating cycles of gas followed by gas and repeating. Sensitivity analysis showed this method can give a much better recovery factor for GAG compared with single continues gas injection. GAG benefits that will give low water cut and high oil recovery due to gas segregation between two gases and that will prevent heavier gas to go the top layers. This work indicate that the GAG injection is an economic method compared with continues injection. Especially when we use GAG (Air + CO2).
Modeling Of Oil Flows In Langgak Field Pipeline
Authors: Fernandiaz Revi , Amri Idral , Utama Panca Setia
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Congeal in the pipeline is one of the biggest problems faced by PT.SPR Langgak in piping crude oil from production wells to oil processing unit caused by decreasing oil temperature. The purpose of this study is to study the effect of environmental temperature on fluid temperature in the pipeline, study the effect of wind speed on fluid temperature in the pipeline and to determine the location of the occurrence of congeal in PT.SPR Langgak pipeline. Determining the location of the occurrence of congeal using the model T with analytical methods in the Matlab software is by entering parameters of pipe temperature, viscosity, density, fluid velocity, wind speed and environmental temperature. The congeal location was determined by model T obtained in the Zone C pipeline distance 44.9-449m with the average error model T is 1.88%. This model T can be applied provided the paraffin content is 15-60% and the pipe characteristics (pipe thickness, pipe diameter and pipe material) are the same.
Effects of Various Steam Flooding Injection Patterns and Steam Quality to Recovery Factor
Authors: Kusumastuti Indri , Erfando Tomi , Hidayat Fiki
Published: April 2019

The main principle of steam flooding is to reduce the oil viscosity using hot steam that is injected into the reservoir. In the field implementation there are several injection patterns that can be applied for steam flooding. This research aims to determine the effect of several injection patterns and steam quality on oil recovery factor. Therefore, it can be known the injection pattern and steam quality are right to obtain the best recovery factor. Analysis was carried out on injection patterns including five-spots, inverted five-spots, seven-spots, inverted seven-spots, nine-spots, and inverted nine-spots. The variations in the steam quality used are 50%, 70% and 90%. The simulation model a 3-dimensional cartesian with grid block size 5x5x5 on CMG STARS. The parameters in this steam flooding scenario are temperature at 450° F, injection pressure of 500 psi, and injection rate of 1000 bbl /day. Of all the scenarios tested the best results were in the inverted seven spot pattern with steam quality 0.9, where recovery factor was 35,1% and total cumulative production was 269397 bbl.
Genetic diversity of ranch and feral American mink (Neovison vison Schreber, 1777) in Poland in relation to the natural population of the species
Authors: Horecka Beata
Published: April 2019

In Poland, the number of feral mink (Neovison vison) and the size of the fur-farming industry are growing. There is a concern that the gene pool of the wild living mink is being infiltrated by that of ranch animals. Three populations were analyzed: Polish ranch mink, feral animals from Poland, and, they were for the first time in Poland, compared with wild individuals from North America. The breeding history of the species and the main ways of introducing the American mink into new areas on different continents were considered. The final research included analysis of the polymorphism of 12 Mustelidae-specific microsatellite loci. It showed a similar level of genetic diversity in all the investigated populations. The research revealed the existence of geographically-specific subpopulations of feral mink in Poland, characterized by different origins, and indicated a small degree of introgression between Polish ranch and wild living populations in the past although the assignment simulation makes it clear that they are genetically distinct groups. The results are in accordance with previously reported models of colonization of Poland by this species and help to explain the influence of anthropogenic factors on the current status of this invasive species. Mixing of two separate genetic pools from the native range in Poland is a newly identified factor, shaping the genetic structure of ranch and feral populations of Neovison vison.
La formación democrática de los niños y jóvenes
Authors: Pineda R. Diego Antonio
Published: April 2019

Se examina aquí tanto la idea general de democracia, sustentada en tres metacriterios fundamentales (bien común, justicia y libertad individual) como el tipo de formación democrática que requieren hoy los niños y jóvenes. Para ello, se propone una concepción del "animal político" aristotélico (que incluye a niños y jóvenes) dentro de la cual éstos son a la vez el fermento necesario de la vida democrática y un potencial peligro para ella. Se opta finalmente por proponer una comunidad de indagación como el ambiente privilegiado para la formación democrática.
La enseñanza media de la Filosofía en las actuales condiciones culturales y sociales de nuestros países
Authors: Navia Ricardo
Published: April 2019

Esta ponencia comienza por señalar que los cursos de Filosofía en la enseñanza media constituyen una instancia insustituible en la estructuración de una actitud mínimamente crítica que es imprescindible para la participación responsable y libre en una sociedad democrática. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, se considera que los grandes temas de la enseñanza media de la Filosofía no se resuelven meramente con tecnología pedagógica sino fundamentalmente con análisis y reflexión sobre las condiciones sociales, culturales e ideológicas que rodean e inciden sobre la educación y principalmente, sobre la enseñanza de esta actividad crítica, radical y globalizadota, que es la Filosofía. Mostramos que en el momento actual existe en nuestra América una situación con varias características que están determinando una dificultad creciente para el logro de los importantes objetivos de la enseñanza media de la filosofía. Lo que nos proponemos es analizar esas condiciones y mostrar luego que también existen "contra-condiciones" que podrían posibilitarnos un relanzamiento de nuestra actividad.
La intervención "estético-pedagógica" y su fundamentación en el marco de una "estética aplicada", en el contexto institucional-curricular
Authors: Sassone Ricardo
Published: April 2019

Notas para una fundamentación de lo que denominaremos conceptualmente: intervención "estético-pedagógica", comprendida desde el posible campo de una "estética aplicada". Nos remitiremos al contexto de producción áulico-curricular marcado por el vacío meta-institucional que se genera con la alteración del rol del estado históricamente constituido, al atravesar la actual coyuntura global en la época "post-nacional", tomando en consideración las demandas de nuevas formas de subjetividad emergentes y la necesidad de constituir "marcos institucionales" alternativos frente a la aparición y necesidades de nuevos "actores sociales".
Kant e Habermas:
Authors: Morais Carlos Willians J.
Published: April 2019

O texto visa tratar de uma problemática da Teoria do Conhecimento em correspondência com a Educação. Os problemas que surgem da relação entre o indivíduo pensante e o objeto de seu pensamento (como o solipsismo, a reflexão monológica e o dogmatismo) marcam as bases da produção filosófica tratada a partir de Kant em sua obra "Crítica da Razão Pura" (1787). A prova sobre os juízos sintéticos a priori leva Kant a formular um sistema filosófico, cujo método transcendental se apoia na sensibilidade e no entendimento do sujeito sobre os conceitos. A fenomenologia de Husserl se fortaleceu a partir da filosofia de Kant, e sobre seu prisma existencial-hermenêutico, tratou do problema da dialética do conhecimento a partir do conceito de mundo da vida. O apriorismo subjetivista de Kant e o idealismo transcendental da fenomenologia de Husserl são criticados, atualmente, pelo filósofo Jürgen Habermas. Pela teoria da competência comunicativa, Habermas instaura novas bases para a relação sujeito-objeto e para a construção do conhecimento. O ser humano é um sujeito de potencialidade comunicativa, que desenvolve um novo conceito de emancipação, pela razão comunicativa pela qual a linguagem é considerada na sua dimensão de práxis social. A perspectiva habermasiana é bastante relevante para a educação escolar e para o desenvolvimento humano.
Filosofia na Escola:
Authors: Ribeiro Álvaro Sebastião Teixeira , Bessa Dante Diniz
Published: April 2019

Nosso objetivo com o texto é o de apresentar o projeto Filosofia na Escola aos leitores, visando uma melhor compreensão dos demais textos que constituem o “Dossiê Filosofia na Escola”. Nessa apresentação destacamos, primeiro, aspectos históricos e estatísticos; em seguida, alguns princípios norteadores da produção teórica e prática, bem como momentos e atividades da organização do projeto e, por fim, procuramos indicar os sinais que orientaram as investigações no ano de 2004 e que resultaram nos textos constituintes do Dossiê.
Editorial
Authors: Olarieta Fabiana
Published: April 2019

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FOUCAULT E DELEUZE/GUATTARI:
Authors: Cardoso Jr H´élio Rebello , Naldinho Thiago Canonenco
Published: April 2019

O artigo trabalha em Foucault e Deleuze/Guattari algumas ressonâncias entre amizade e governo de si no campo específico das relações entre professor e aluno. Argumenta a favor de uma leitura da amizade como um corpo de relações potencialmente existente na relação pedagógica que forneceria aos indivíduos envolvidos a solidão necessária à prática de uma estética da existência que criasse novos modos de vida a partir da diferença.
DO GÊNERO DE AVALIAÇÃO À AVALIAÇÃO DO GÊNERO
Authors: Zanello Valeska
Published: April 2019

O presente artigo teve como escopo analisar a experiência da autora na criação de uma nova metodologia de avaliação no curso de filosofia da linguagem, tendo em vista a alta freqüência de cópias de trabalho da web, por parte dos alunos. No entanto, a busca de um novo gênero de avaliação acabou por enveredar, inesperadamente, numa perspectiva onde a própria avaliação foi questionada como política de gênero.
El valor social del patrimonio documental en los medios de comunicación: retos y oportunidades
Authors: Hidalgo Goyanes Paloma , Marcos Recio Juan Carlos
Published: April 2019

El constante flujo de información que se viene generando en los medios de comunicación, incrementado notablemente en la era digital, supone una serie de retos y oportunidades en lo que respecta a la gestión de sus archivos, con el fin de conservar este patrimonio documental y garantizar que sea respetado el valor social que sin duda tienen. El objetivo de esta ponencia es señalar el compromiso que tienen los medios de comunicación de preservar y gestionar el patrimonio documental que generan y utilizan, así como la forma en que facilitan el acceso de la sociedad a este acervo, especialmente en el caso de los medios de titularidad pública. Los materiales que conforman este patrimonio, son una fuente documental básica desde hace tiempo, y lo será más aún en el futuro, para el conocimiento de la historia de la sociedad de los últimos siglos. La situación ha cambiado positivamente en el entorno digital, pero continúa existiendo el riesgo de pérdida de parte de este “patrimonio” y el acceso a estos documentos sigue siendo una cuestión pendiente.
Estruturação estratégica do campo científico da Competência em Informação no Brasil: integrando redes e instituições
Authors: Simeão Elmira Luzia Melo Soares , Belluzzo Regina Celia Baptista , Diógenes Fabiene Castelo Branco , Nunes Eny Marcelino , Leite Cecília
Published: April 2019

Busca-se ressaltar os principais estudos e vivências envolvendo o campo científico que diz respeito ao cenário atual da Competência em Informação: evidência e importância dos estudos e pesquisas no campo da Ciência da Informação no Brasil e no mundo, o papel das parcerias nacionais e internacionais, suas tendências no desenvolvimento da ciência e ações conjuntas das redes de instituições, tais como: o Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Universidade de Brasília e a Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação, essa última por ser a entidade mais importante para os pesquisadores dessa área no Brasil conjugando esforços de integração com outras áreas do conhecimento. Para ilustrar a relevância e atualidade do tema são apresentadas as experiências vivenciadas com essas parcerias, uma vez que lidam com práticas e lições aprendidas com o acesso e uso da informação sob a ótica da Competência em Informação, evidenciando a construção de conhecimento e sua aplicação com intervenção na realidade social, destacando-se a forma interativa em que atuam em qualquer dimensão  do  ensino e aprendizagem.
As concepções teóricas de avaliação de documentos de arquivo na legislação brasileira
Authors: Nascimento Maria Ivonete Gomes do , Oliveira Eliane Braga
Published: April 2019

Apresenta resultado de pesquisa sobre avaliação de documentos de arquivo na Administração Pública Federal brasileira, desenvolvida no curso de mestrado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Informação, da Faculdade de Ciência da Informação, da Universidade de Brasília. A avaliação de documentos de arquivo, uma das principais operações da gestão de documentos, visa a promoção da eficiência administrativa e a preservação da memória das organizações e da sociedade. A pesquisa tem como objetivo mapear a legislação brasileira referente à avaliação de documentos de arquivo e identificar as vertentes teóricas internacionais e nacionais que embasam essa legislação. Realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica a respeito do tema em autores da Europa, América do Norte, América Latina e Brasil, e identificou-se a legislação brasileira referente ao assunto. Verificou-se que existe uma variedade de proposições referentes a avaliação de documentos de arquivos. Observou-se que a teoria do valor, apresentada como critério para a guarda ou a eliminação de documentos e proposta pelos autores norte-americanos Philip Brooks e Theodore Schellenberg, tem predominância conceitual na legislação brasileira.
Combustion Visualization of Partially Premixed and Non Premixed Diesel Fuel on Single Cylinder Optical Engine
Authors: Cengiz Cengizhan , Ayyıldız Aydın , Karagöz Serenat , Coşkun Arda , Berk Seyfullah
Published: April 2019

Ignition and flame propagation phenomenon of diesel
fuel combustion was investigated in an optical single cylinder engine. Conventional
non-premixed diesel combustion and partially premixed combustion types were investigated.
Experiments were performed on an optical single cylinder, heavy duty, four-stroke
compression ignition engine with a quartz elongated piston bowl and 45° mirror was
used for visualization as a measurement technique. . Self-ignition, flame
propagation, heat rejection and effects on number of pilot injections on
combustion visualization are investigated. In conventional diesel with closed
and far pilot and partially premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) tests were
performed.
Identifying Geometrical Parameters of Fog Lamp and Cornering Lamp, in compliance with Photometric Requirements
Authors: ÖZBEK Hatice , ÇİL Caner , RODOPLU Ahmet
Published: April 2019

In
automotive lighting, external lighting functions in particular are subject to
international rules. It is essential that lighting functions should have been designed
in compliance with essential mechanical, optical, geometric and structural
criteria so that the same could be used on the vehicle. In this study, fog lamps,
which are used to improve lighting especially in cases of fog, snowfall, heavy
rain conditions are discussed for the safety of driver and the passengers. With
fog lamps in recent years, cornering function has also been combined in the
same equipment. In the current study, geometrical parameters were got for the
suitability of fog lamp and cornering lamp on the vehicle. Thus, a method was
obtained in order to reveal a product in compliance with legal requirements
just in the beginning of design development phase of all vehicles. Thanks to
this method, contribution was made to the design of other parts around the fog
lamp so that the same will not affect the vision for illumination.
Authors: Fihris Fihris
Published: April 2019

This research is qualitative descriptive study, which illustrates a phenomenon or activities performed in SDIT Cahaya Bangsa Mijen Semarang in shaping the character of their students, these activities are called Homestay. Homestay is an activity that was initially inspired by a television show titled "If I'm Being" that is putting children in homes for several days and are obliged to follow all the work done landlord or host (farming, gardening and other) in order to train them to be strong and independent private. Homestay program can be categorized as character education through self habituation and conditioning. Self habituation and conditioning is an educational activity outside the subject as an integral part of the school curriculum. Self habituation and conditioning activities are efforts to establish characters including learners personality made through the student's own experience of life in a place or location Homestay. In this activity, students are expected to stay for 3 days and live in accordance with his landlady's life, both he as farmers, traders and others. Then for 24 hours the student is expected to perform the rituals and activities that require an attitude of togetherness and mutual help among students to help. So the student should be able to adjust to the new environment that would be very different from place to stay and habits.
Şer'i Hüküm: Tanım ve Tartışmalar
Authors: APAYDIN Hacı Yunus
Published: April 2019

Şer’î hüküm denildiğinde, insanların gerek bireysel yapıp etmelerine gerekse başkalarıyla olan ilişkilerine dair değer yargılarından söz edilmiş olur. Bireysel açıdan bir şeyin yapılmasının, farz, vacip, sünnet, mübah, mekruh ve haram oluşu; hukuki açıdan ise bir hukuki işlemin sahih, batıl veya nafiz oluşu yapıp etmelerimize dair hükümlerdir. Hükmün tanımı ve mahiyeti meselesi özellikle Mutezile ve Ehl-i Sünnet arasında Allah’ın sıfatları, özellikle kelam sıfatı ve buna bağlı olarak Kur’an’ın mahlûk olup olmadığı konusunda adeta kozlarını paylaştıkları bir tartışma alanı olmuştur. Şer’î hükmü tanımlarken usulcüler doğal olarak Şâri’in hitabını merkeze koymuşlar; ancak bazı kelamî kabullerin sonucu olarak hükmün tanımı konusunda aralarında kimi farklılıklar ortaya çıkmıştır. Hükmün tanım ve mahiyetine yansıyan kelami tartışmalardan biri Allah’ın kelamının kadîm olup olmadığı, bir diğeri ise aklın değer yargısı belirlemede bir rolünün bulunup bulunmadığıdır. Hükmün tanımı konusunda usulcüler arasında genel olarak belli başlı iki yaklaşımın bulunduğu söylenebilir. Bunlardan birincisi Mutezile ve Eş’arîlerin oluşturduğu kelamcı usulcülere ait olup, hükmü hitabın kendisi olarak tanımlayan yaklaşımdır. Hükmün tanımı konusundaki ikinci yaklaşım ise Hanefi usulcülere aittir. Bu yaklaşıma göre hüküm, hitabın kendisi değil sonucudur. Birinci yaklaşıma göre hüküm, “Şâri’in mükellefin fiillerine iktiza veya tahyir cihetiyle taalluk eden hitabı”dır. Mutezilenin hüküm tanımı da zahiren aşağı yukarı böyledir. Ama onlar genel olarak aklı da hüküm koyucu olarak görmeleri ve akıl yoluyla ulaşılan hükümleri de şer’î hüküm kapsamında görmeleri yönüyle Eş’arî usulcülerden ayrıldıkları gibi, hitabı ve hükmü “yaratılmış” (hâdis) görmeleri yönüyle de onlardan ayrılırlar.
Selective toxicityof acetamiprid and fipronil as a part of insecticidal baits
Authors: Levchenko Mikhail Alekseevich , Silivanova Elena Anatolyevna , Bikinyeva Ruzilya Husanovna
Published: April 2019

Monocomponent and combined insecticidal baits containing acetamiprid and fipronil are proposed to control the housefly Musca domestica at livestock facilities. The combination of active ingredients increases the insecticidal activity of formulations and simultaneously may lead to an increase in their toxicity to animals. The purpose of this work was to assess the selective toxicity of acetamiprid and fipronil as parts of mono- and bicomponent insecticides. The intestinal activity of insecticides against adult houseflies was assessed by no-choice feeding tests. The acute toxicity of insecticidal baits to animals was carried out by feeding to white mice. Probit analysis was used to calculate of median lethal doses of active ingredients and insecticidal baits. The selective toxicity was evaluated by the selective toxicity ratio, which was calculated by dividing the median lethal doses (LD50) of the active ingredients for white mice into LD50 for adult flies. The median lethal doses of acetamiprid and fipronil when applied alone for adult flies were 2.412 (2.023-2.862) and 0.087 (0.0285-0.2659) μg of active ingredient per g of insect weight, respectively. The insecticidal activity of active ingredients, applied in combination, against adult flies increased by 15 and 5 times, respectively. For the toxicity to mice, median lethal doses of acetamiprid and fipronil in formulations containing only one of the active substances were 94.9 (88.5 - 101.8) mg/kg and more than 22.5 mg/kg of animal weight, respectively. The selective toxicity ratio of fipronil in the monocomponent formulation was 6.8 times higher than that of acetamiprid. For the binary formulation, the selectivity of fipronil and acetamiprid activity was equal. The combination of acetamiprid and fipronil resulted in an increase in their toxicity for adults Musca domestica and for white mice and a change in the selectivity of their activity compared to monocomponent formulations.
Physical and agrochemical properties of alluvial soils with perennial grasses and potatoes seeding
Authors: Kargin Vasiliy Ivanovich , Ivanova Natalya Nikolaevna , Salnikova Alina Vladimirovna
Published: April 2019

During the research it has been found out that there are notable differences in fertility between soils with perennial grasses and potatoes. It was revealed that a strongly compacted soil layer at a depth of 20-50 cm was formed in potato planting. In the layer of 20-40 cm the density of soil increased by 11.6 to 13.0 %, in the layer of 40-50 cm it was by 8.0 –11.8% in comparison with the optimal. Density decrease in perennial grasses seeding led to increase in the total soil porosity by 3-5% and aeration porosity by 2.8–4.7% compared with soil with potato planting. Perennial grasses cultivating increased moisture storage with full moisture capacity in 0-50 cm layer by 1.8–2.0%, capillary moisture capacity by 8.6–19.3%, and the lowest one by 6.7–19.4% compared to soil with potato planting. The studied soils are characterized by moderate-recovery range. In 0-90 cm soil layer of perennial grasses seeding redox potential is not beyond critical indicators. In potato seeding the optimum and good redox potential values was observed only in 0-30 cm layer. In the lower layers, the figure is reduced to critical. It has been found out that arable and subsurface layers of soil in perennial grasses seeding are characterized by satisfactory water permeability. The 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers in potato seeding on the are characterized as unsatisfactory according to permeability, but the 40-60 cm layer is satisfactory, which is associated with an increase in silt and lumpy fraction, structure coefficient decrease and increase of lumpy coefficient. Humus deposits in 0-120 cm layer of perennial grasses seeding were 8.8-12.5% higher compared to soils used for potato planting, and 0-50 cm layer were 9.3–21.7% higher. Perennial grasses reduced the acidity of the soil, increased the number of absorbed bases, increased the amount of mobile forms of nitrogen and potassium.
Influence of the Argodes and Desolain-F preparations on the living stability of the poultry and the microbiological state of the media
Authors: Tsigankov Evgeniy Mishaylovich , Menkova Anna Aleksandrovna , Andreev Aleksandr Ivanovich
Published: April 2019

The control and experimental poultry houses were subjected to a single treatment with Desolain-F and Argodez preparations. As a result of the experiment, it was found out that, in terms of the total microbial number, there was less in wintertime by 32.57%, in spring by 31.58%, in summer by 36.86%, in autumn 21.47% compared to the control group. In terms of colitis in the winter, spring, summer seasons - the sanitary condition is good, and in autumn it is satisfactory. For aerosol gassing it is recommended to use Argodez.
New preparation “Leksoflon” for the treatment of cows with acute postpartum endometritis
Authors: Semivolos Aleksandr Mefodyevich , Kashkovskaya Lyudmila Mihaylovna
Published: April 2019

It has been investigated the application of the preparation “Lexoflon” with different doses and methods of administration to cows  with acute postpartum purulent-catarrhal endometritis. The most effective was the use of the preparation at 3–5 times intramuscular injection in a dose of 1 ml / 30 kg of body weight. By the 10th day in 92.86% of cows clinical recovery was recorded. This is 28.58% higher than after subcutaneous single administration of the preparation  at a dose of 12.5 ml / 100 kg and 14.29% compared with intramuscular single injection at a dose of 1 ml / 10 kg of animal body weight.
Aftereffect of herbicides and the dynamics of their decomposition in various agricultural landscapes
Authors: Spiridonov Yuriy  Yakovlevich , Budynkov Nikolay  Ivanovich , Strizhkov Nikolay Ivanovich , Suminova Natalya  Borisovna , Sayfullina Larisa Borisovna , Lenovich Darya Rudolphovna , Sultanov Arman Sisenovich
Published: April 2019

They are given results of experiments to determine the dynamics of decomposition and residual amounts of herbicides in the soil and in the products in various agricultural landscapes. It has been established that the duration of herbicides conservation in soil, primarily sulfonylureas, and the associated level of their negative effects on sensitive crops rotate depend on the relief, soil type, their physical and chemical properties, the hydrothermal regime of the environment and the nature of anthropogenic impact on the agroecosystem.
Yield of winter wheat of millet, of spring wheat in the crop rotation from distance of forest shelterbelt by basic tillage method soil and of nitrogen fertilizer
Authors: Azizov Zakiulla Mtyullovich
Published: April 2019

They are analyzed changes in yields of winter wheat were seeded on black fallow, of millet sown on winter wheat, of spring wheat were seeded on millets with the distance from shelterbelt forest belt (field-protective forest belt) by basic tillage method soil on the background of nitrogen fertilizers and on the natural background of fertility were analyzed. Regardless of the distance to the crops from the shelterbelt forest belt, it is agronomically expedient and energetically beneficial to use winter wheat, millet and spring wheat for shallow plowing to a depth of 14-16 cm.  In all the years of research, the yield of a winter crop increased by a significant amount of fertilizer when the plots finding from the shelterbelt forest belt were located at a distance of 130 m on the options of plowing and subsurface plowing.   Nitrogen fertilizers in action for almost all the years of research, regardless of the distance between the plots and the shelterbelt forest belt, increased the crop yield by a significant amount for all soil treatment options. Regardless of the distance of the plots finding from the shelterbelt forest belt, a decrease in the yield of millet on both backgrounds was observed in the options of disking and subsurface plowing compared to the option of plowing. On average, over the years of observations, as well as in 2015 and 2017, both on a natural fertility background and in the aftermath of using nitrogen fertilizers when finding plots from the shelterbelt forest belt at a distance of 130 and 70 m after disking, the yield of spring wheat was by a significant amount lower than after plowing. In 2017, in a favorable background, regardless of the distance of the plots finding from the shelterbelt forest belt on the natural fertility background, the yield of spring wheat on the options for shallow plowing, subsurface plowing and disking was significantly lower than after plowing. Nitrogen fertilizers in the aftermath allowed to increase the yield of spring wheat on options for shallow plowing and subsurface plowing, which varied within the error of experience in relation to the option of plowing (control) when finding plots from the shelterbelt forest belt at a distance of 10 and 70 m.
The influence of entomophages on the dynamics of the number and harmfulness of grass aphids during different tillage
Authors: Chekmareva Lyudmila Ivanovn , Denisov Evgeniy Petrovich , Likhatskaya Svetlana Gennadievna , Likhatsky Dmitriy  Mikhaylovich , Poletaev Ilya Sergeevich , Lobachev Yuriy Viktorovich
Published: April 2019

The influence of soil treatments of various intensity on the number of grass aphids, as one of the most common pests with piercing-sucking mouth apparatus, is considered. The dynamics of numbers and trophic relationships of entomophages – predators and parasites of the grass aphid – are highlighted. A decrease in the number of grass aphids under the influence of entomophages capable of reducing the harmfulness of phytophages to an equilibrium level and obtaining good wheat yields without the use of insecticides is shown. The degree of harmfulness of aphids was revealed depending on the tillage, activity of entomophages and compensatory ability of wheat.
The results of experimental studies of electrified sprinklers of circular ac-tions on sloping lands
Authors: Zhuravleva Larisa Anatolievna , Solovyov Vladimir Alexandrovich , Kuznetsov Andrey Nikolayevich , Kirichenko Andrey Vladimirovich , Lonkin Alexander Petrovich
Published: April 2019

The article deals with the influence of structural and technological parameters of sprinklers and terrain on the uniformity of irrigation water distribution in the field.

They are given characteristics of developed and introduced in manufacture in the  Saratov State Vavilov Agrarian University with LLC “Meliorative machines” of the modern domestic wide-cut sprinklers “Kuban-LK1M” (Cascade) and  “CASCADE”, as well as the results of experimental studies of operation of machines for irrigation areas with difficult terrain. The data of pressure changes along the water pipeline depending on the terrain slopes are presented. The distribution of the rain layer under the machine spans for the modes of motion of 20  and 40% is obtained. The influence of the terrain and speed of movement of the machine on the efficiency ratio of irrigation is given. The results of tests of sprinklers with frequent placement of sprinklers and pressure regulators are presented. Ways to increase the uniformity of irrigation by sprinkler machines on slope lands are outlined.
Development of the initial concepts of metrological support of measuring and calculated operations in automating measurements
Authors: Morozov Sergey Mikhaylovich , Kuzmin Konstantin Anatolyevich , Kochetkova Lyudmila Ivanovna , Balmashnova Elena Vitalyevna
Published: April 2019

The article discusses the metrological support of the automated control system and the task of increasing the reliability of the measured parameters by increasing the measurement accuracy in the need to determine the conditions under which the correctness of the applicability of probabilistic-statistical methods to the estimates of measurement error is observed and the reliability of the control reliability indicators is met.
Design Charts for Axially Loaded Single Pile Action
Authors: Mohamad Ali Anis Abdul Khuder , Kadim Jaffar Ahemd , Mohamad Ali Hashim
Published: April 2019

The objective of this article is to generating the design charts deals with the axially ultimate capacity of single pile action by relating the soil and pile engineering properties with the pile capacity components. The soil and are connected together by the interface finite element along pile side an on its remote end.  The analysis was carried out using ABAQUS software to find the nonlinear solution of the problem. Both pile and soil were modeled with three-dimensional brick elements. The software program is verified against field load-test measurements to verify its efficiency accuracy. The concrete bored piles are used with different lengths and pile diameter is taken equals to 0.6 m. The piles were installed into a single layer of sand soil with angles of internal friction (20° t0 40°) and into a single layer of clay soil with Cohesion (24 to 96) kPa.  The getting results showed that for all cases study the total compression resistance is increased as pile length increased for the same property of soil, also illustrious that the total resistance of same pile length and diameter increased as the soil strength increasing. In addition, the same results were obtained for the end bearing resistance, skin resistance and tension capacity. Design charts were constructed between different types of soil resistance ratio and the pile length/diameter ratio (L/D) for all cases of study. One of improvement found from these curves that it is cheaply using piles of larger diameter than increasing their lengths for dense sand and to increasing piles lengths for loose sand. Moreover, it is inexpensively using piles of larger length in soft clay soil than increasing their diameter and piles of larger diameter in firm and stiff clay soils than increasing their length.
Pengaruh Perlakuan Varietas Berbeda Dan Konsentrasi Garam Terhadap Viabilitas Dan Vigor Benih Padi Sawah (Oryzae sativa L)
Authors: Faisal Faisal
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi pemberian garam  dapur terhadap viabilitas dan vigor benih beberapa varietas benih padi sawah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di laboratorium Agroekoteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Malikussaleh Lhokseumawe yang dimulai pada bulan April sampai bulan Mei 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial.  Ada dua faktor yang diteliti yaitu konsentrasi garam (G) yaitu : G0=0%, G1=10%, G2=20%, dan G3=30%. Faktor kedua yaitu Varietas yaitu masing-masing : Ciherang (V1), Bimas Prima (V2) dan Merenggo (V3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Tingkat konsentrasi pemberian garam dapur dapat menekan viabilitas dan vigor benih padi sawah. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi pemberian garam dapur maka semakin rendah viabilitas dan vigor benih varietas padi, ciherang, Bimas Prima dan Merenggo. Masing-masing varietas memiliki tingkat ketahanan yang berbeda terhadap tingkat konsentrasi pemberian garam dapur. Varietas Bimas Prima memperlihatkan toleransi terbaik terhadap pemberian garam sampai konsentrasi 20%. Terdapat interaksi antara konsentrasi pemberian garam dapur dan perlakuan beberapa varietas benih padi terhadap vigor benih yang diamati. Kata kunci : Konsentrasi garam, varietas padi, viabilitas dan vigor benih.
Pengaruh Komposisi Media Tanam Dan Dosis Npk Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kopi Robusta (Coffea chanephora L.)
Authors: Sari Rika Rafita , Marliah Ainun , Hereri Agam Ihsan
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh komposisi media tanam dan dosis NPK terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kopi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Gampong Lampanah Ranjo, Kecamatan Indrapuri Kabupaten Aceh Besar dari bulan Mei sampai bulan September 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial 4 x 4 dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama yaitu komposisi media tanam (tanah : pupuk kandang) terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu kontrol (K0), 1:1 (K1), 1:2 (K2), 2:1 (K3) dan faktor kedua dosis NPK terdiri dari 4 taraf kontrol (N0), 1 g/polibag (N1), 1,5 g/polibag (N2), 2 g/polibag (N3). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji F, dilanjutkan dengan uji BNJ pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan komposisi media tanam berpengaruh sangat nyata pada parameter diameter batang 60, 90 hari setelah tanam (HST), bobot brangkasan kering dan volume akar  serta berpengaruh nyata pada parameter diameter batang 30 HST dan bobot brangkasan basah. Komposisi media tanam terbaik dijumpai pada komposisi media tanam dengan prbandingan tanah : pupuk kandang (2:1). Perlakuan dosis NPK berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap parameter tinggi bibit 30 HST, bobot brangkasan basah dan bobot brangkasan kering. Dosis NPK lebih baik dijumpai pada dosis NPK 1,5 g/polibag. Terdapat interaksi yang sangat nyata antara komposisi media tanam dan dosis NPK terhadap parameter diameter batang 30 HST dan bobot brangkasan basah serta berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter bobot brangkasan kering. Pertumbuhan bibit kopi terbaik dijumpai pada kombinasi komposisi media tanam 2:1 dengan dosis NPK 1,5 g/polibag. Kata kunci : Kopi, media tanam, pupuk
Respon Viabilitas Dan Vigor Benih Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)” Pada Perbedaan Letak Biji Dalam Buah Dan Lama Pengeringan Benih
Authors: Rafli Muhammad
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh letak biji yang berbeda pada buah dan penurunan kadar air benih terhadap viabilitas dan vigor benih kakao. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Ada 2 faktor yang diteliti yaitu faktor letak biji pada buah (L) yang terdiri dari dari 3 taraf yaitu : (L₁) benih bagian pangkal, (L₂) benih bagian tengah, (L₃) benih bagian ujung. Sedangkan faktor yang kedua adalah : pengeringan benih (P) yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu : (P₀) tanpa pengeringan, (P₁) pengeringan 1 hari, (P₂) pengeringan 2 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Perlakuan letak biji berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai viabilitas dan vigor benih yang diamati, kecuali terhadap nilai potensi tumbuh benih dan berat kering kecambah normal. Perlakuan terbaik dijumpai pada perlakuan letak biji di bahagian tengah buah (L2). Perlakuan pengeringan berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai viabilitas dan vigor benih yang diamati, kecuali terhadap nilai potensi tumbuh benih dan berat kering kecambah normal. Perlakuan terbaik dijumpai pada perlakuan benih yang dikering anginkan selama 2 hari tengah buah (P2).Tidak terdapat terdapat interaksi yang nyata antara perlakuan letak biji dan perlakuan pengeringan benih kakao terhadap semua tolok ukur viabilitas dan vigor benih kakao yang diamati. Keywords: Cocoa seeds, viabilitas, vigor, drying time
Peranan Mulsa Dan Pupuk Organik Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Nurdin Mulyadi , Khaidir Khaidir , Munazar Munazar
Published: April 2019

Kacang tanah merupakan tanaman palawija yang berpeluang dalam pengembangan agroindustri dalam peningkatkan sector ekonomi. Agar tanaman tumbuh secara optimal dan berproduksi dengan baik diperlukan  pemberian mulsa dan pupuk organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbunan dan hasil tanaman kacang tanah dengan penggunaan mulsa dan pupuk organik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor pemberian mulsa berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman pada umur tanaman 2, 4, 6 dan 8 MST dan berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah daun pada 4 MST dan terhadap jumlah polong pertanaman. Sedangkan pemberian pupuk organik berpengaruh sangat nyata pada pengamatan tinggi tanaman 2 MST dan jumlah polong.  Interaksi antara kedua faktor memberikan pengaruh nyata pada pengamatan jumlah polong dan tinggi tanaman pada umur tanaman 2 dan 8 minggu setelah tanam (MST) dan berpengaruh sangat nyata pada pengamatan tinggi tanaman pada 6 MST. Kata kunci : kacang tanah, mulsa, pupuk organic