bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification of mountain taiga geosystems of the Cisbaikalia and their mapping
Authors: Bilichenko Irina
Published: October 2022

Geosystem studies were carried out in the Cisbaikalia, in its southeastern part—in the section of the Khamar-Daban ridge. Basically, this territory is dominated by mountain-taiga geosystems, which change with height to subgoletz and goletz geosystems, which include subalpinotype and alpinotype landscapes. The study area belongs to the Baikal State Biosphere Reserve. The regularities of the structure of mountain-taiga geosystems at the regional and topological levels are revealed. The main indicators of differentiation at the regional level are the exposure, the structure of rocks, height above sea level, steepness of slopes, vegetation. The vegetation is differentiated in more detail at the topological level, especially for the grass-dwarf shrub layer. Landscape maps were created as a result of field work, analysis of satellite images for different seasons and years, forest inventory data, previously published thematic maps of different scales: geological, soil, botanical. At the regional level, the map shows the landscape structure of the rank of the facies classes, and at the topological level—the facies. Using the methodology of the geosystem school of V.B. Sochava on a medium-scale map shows the dynamic categories of landscape structure. Primary stablest, pseudo-primary, and serial geosystems were identified here, with the main area occupied by the last two categories. On the site along the Vydrinaya River, where the ecological path passes, the vegetation was studied in more detail, as the most rapidly reacting component to the proposed development of tourism here. In general, the specially protected territories of the Baikal region need scientifically-based nature management planning with the study of landscape components individually and as a whole, as well as the creation of landscape maps that reflect the current state of these landscapes.
Methodology of constructive approach in geoinformation mapping of geographical environment
Authors: Kuznetsova Tatiana
Published: October 2022

The methodology of a constructive approach to mapping the geographical environmentthe Baikal region is proposed, based on modern ideas about the spatial and functional organization of geosystems. The area of research and small-scale mapping is a cross-border territory located at the junction of four physical and geographical regions of the Eurasian continent, differingtheir natural conditions, factors and development processes. Natural structures are consideredgeographical spaces where all the components of nature are closely interconnected with each other and, as a certain integrity, interact with human society. This conceptually defined the structurephysical and geographical research as a procedure for preparing fundamental scientific knowledge about nature to solve targeted environmental problems. The methods of creating a spatialthematic structure of cartographic information are considered, which provide an idea of the object, its research procedures, and meet the requirements for the speed of processing, disseminationthis information using GIS technologies. The logical and methodological sequence of the research, constructive criteria that are uniform for the entire research process are discussed. The concept of “organization of geosystems” is considered in three senses: as a state of structural and spatial-hierarchical ordering of geosystems in a specific period of time, as a process of ordering natural formations as a result of spontaneous development (self-organization) and as ordering as a resulttargeted external influence (management). The parameters of geosystems are used as an information basis for creating estimated, forecast, recommendation maps of the natural environment. The methods were applied in the development of the “Geographical environment” cartographic module for“Baikal region: society and nature” electronic atlas. A fragment of the “Geoecological structuresthe Baikal region” map is demonstrated.
Differentiation of priority ecosystem services of green infrastructure in Kirovsk (Murmansk region)
Authors: Belousov Stanislav , Evseev Alexander , Krasovskaya Tatiana
Published: October 2022

Various combinations of green infrastructure ecosystem services in Kirovsk (Murmansk Region), which included a city park and squares, are considered. These combinations differ depending on the local geoecological characteristics of green infrastructure elements. The following characteristics were considered: area, position in relief, nature of vegetation cover, surrounding residential areas, location of highways, etc. Depending on the combinations of these characteristics, priority sets of ecosystem services that form a comfortable living environment were determined. The traditional range of ecosystem services was typical only for the city park, where it included not only supporting, regulating, informational, but also provisioning ecosystem services—rare for urban green infrastructure. The identified combinations of ecosystem services were shown on the map. At the same time, the structure of information ecosystem services, which turned out to be among the priorities for most of the studied elements, was presented in detail using indexes. The conducted differentiation of ecosystem services enables to develop priority economic measures to maintain the most important ones that ensure comfortable living. For the city park, they include the largest list of activities: sanitary logging, removal of shrubby undergrowth, laying glades to enhance the aesthetics of landscapes and create viewpoints, laying ecological trails, etc. For small squares in the city center with priority information services, the first measure will be the arrangement of social space—lighting, benches, colorful flower beds, snow removal, etc. For squares with the priority of regulatory services management activities include the selection of wood species with the greatest noise and dust suppressing effect, windproof and anti-erosion functions.
Mapping of the geological and geomorphologic basement of landscapes under the level structure of relief for managing environmental risks within the southern cryolithozone
Authors: Medvedkov Alexey
Published: October 2022

The article considers the experience of large-scale mapping of the geological and geomorphological framework of landscapes, taking into account the layered structure of the relief. The key study site represented a 25 km² area, in the northern part of the Yenisei Ridge. This territory is located in the southern cryolithozone. In the course of field work, over a dozen transects were established. They reflected various structural levels of the relief, i.e., the products of its cyclic development. Surface deposits were studied using borehole cores, occasional natural outcrops, and soil pits. These data were supplemented with extrapolations from the analogous areas of the Yenisei Ridge. The collected material on relief features provided the basis for the development of landscape subdivisions’ hierarchy applicable for landscape mapping of territories with leveled denudation relief: the Yenisei Ridge, the west of the Central Siberian Plateau, and other regions with a similar history of development. The compiled map’s legend reflects the relief stratification and the main features of cover sediments. Two levels of planation surface and a complex of surfaces with superimposed planation and differentiation (three different landscapes) were identified. Periglacial processes in the Neo-Pleistocene (Q₂₋₃) glacial epochs and partially in the Holocene (Q₄) played the key role in the formation of the sedimentary cover. The main types of periglacial formations, wide spread within the study territory, were identified and included eluvial-desorption deposits (on summit areas), solifluction-desorption deposits (on slopes and ravine floors), and colluvium-alluvial deposits (on glacis floodplains). We have demonstrated that these types of surface deposits have differentiated influence on the distribution of permafrost geosystems. Analysis of the data on genesis of cover sediments and their relation to relief allowed us to extrapolate the results of the field studies and to map permafrost landscapes—the most susceptible to external impacts natural complexes that require targeted environmental policies.
Current Trends in Sanitary Microbiology within Implementation of Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance of Safety of Water Bodies
Authors: Trukhina Galina M. , Iaroslavtseva Marina A. , Dmitrieva Natalia A.
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The epidemic situation in the territory of the Russian Federation is noted for an increase in waterborne diseases and registration of up to 70 % of cases of acute intestinal infections of unknown etiology on certain territories. Numerous cases of gastrointestinal diseases of bacterial and viral etiology associated with the use of water that complies with regulatory requirements validate the importance of improving criteria for pathogen control in water bodies. Objective: To substantiate the expediency to expand the list of key microbiological indicators and standards for an objective assessment of safety of various water bodies. Material and methods: We summarized the results of microbiological testing of water quality and safety in water bodies (potable water, reservoirs, waste water) and substantiated water safety standards proposed by research institutes and centers for hygiene and epidemiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) for 2010–2020. Sanitary and microbiological indicators of potable water and water bodies in places of water use of the population were analyzed based on data of Annual Report Form No. 18 for 2017–2021. Results: Introduction of new indicators and standards for all coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, and enterococci to control water safety will ensure the absence of waterborne pathogenic and potentially pathogenic bacteria causing gastrointestinal infections. Noncompliance with regulatory requirements for Escherichia coli and enterococci is a strong evidence of recent fecal pollution and the potential epidemic danger of the aquatic environment. Introduction of the Legionella pneumophila indicator to control safety of hot water of centralized water supply, swimming pools and water parks is aimed at preventing Legionella infections in the population. Discussion: Harmonization of key indicators for all types of water enables determination of the epidemiological significance of a particular water body in transmission of pathogens of intestinal infectious diseases and prediction of the epidemic situation. Conclusions: The adequacy of the detected key indicators of water safety determines health outcomes. Their excess indicates the extent of contamination and related risks for population health and necessitates prompt managerial decisions and appropriate preventive measures to eliminate adverse health effects of microbiological agents.
THE SEMANTIC UNITY LOVE-INDIFFERENCE-HATE: THE MEANINGFUL COMPONENT
Authors: Demicheva Yu.V.
Published: October 2022

The article examines the meaningful component of the semantic unity lyubov’-ravnodushie-nenavist’ (love-indifference-hate) on the material of the explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language. For each of the three components of the semantic unity, an assessment is made of the lexical and phraseological means of their expression. The conclusion is made about their asymmetry: love absolutely dominates in terms of the number of units expressing its semantics; indifference and hate in this respect are comparable. Nouns that concretize the object of the corresponding feeling are found in both love and hatred, but they are absent in indifference. Also, indifference lacks the methods of lexical expression with the help of suffixoids, which are present in love and hate. Logical and semantic oppositions of the components of the semantic unity are manifested in the lexical system of the language: it contains both the opposition of love and hate and the opposition of indifference and love, but not the opposition of hate and indifference.
THE CONCEPT OF INDIVIDUAL AUTHOR's VOCABULARY IN THE WORKS BY A. ODABASH (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE NEWSPAPER «MILLET» (1917-1920))
Authors: Kirimov T.N.
Published: October 2022

The article highlights the life and cultural activities of the classic of Crimean Tatar literature of the beginning of the XX century, Abibulla Abdureshitoglu Odabash. It pays attention to the analysis of the concept of the writer's linguistic consciousness. The preserved original materials of the prewar national press, and in particular the Crimean newspaper "Millet" ("Nation"), made it possible to consider the specifics and conditions for the formation of the author's style. Advocating the preservation of the origins of the national culture and traditions, he popularized the common language, cleared of foreign borrowings. He sees the writer-playwright and public figure Asan Aivazov as his opponent. For instance, his works of art "Altyn yaryk" ("Golden Light") and "Neden bu hala kaldyk?" (“How did we get here?”) symbolize the confrontation between the ideologues of Tatarism and Turkism in Crimea. A supporter of purism A. Odabash condemns the archaic, complex, overloaded with Arabisms and Parciisms language of A. Aivazov and his ideological associates. He convinces them that the literary language should be lively and accessible to the peasants. Sharing the idea of the linguistic and mental unity of all Turkic peoples, he pays particular attention to the weak development of the education system in their native language. In this regard, Odabash delivers popular lectures in the villages of Crimea, explaining the ideological and practical value of the folk language. He develops an active vocabulary of his neologisms based on the use of vernacular and dialecticisms.
CIRCULAR CONCEPT IMPLICATION IN JAMES JOYCE’s FINNEGANS WAKE AND ITS INTERLINGUAL TRANSFER
Authors: Naugolnykh E.A.
Published: October 2022

The paper looks at certain aspects of the circular concept in Finnegans Wake , the final experimental work of the writer. The way it is implicated in the lexical layer of the novel’s structure is analyzed, its language game principle is revealed. The full and incomplete versions of Finnegans Wake in German (H. Beck, D. Stündel, F. Rathjen), Russian (A. Rene, A. Volokhonsky, S. Divakov) and Spanish (V. Pozanco, M. Zabaloy) languages are explored. Various translation strategies are considered. Although brilliant decisions for the units transferring circular concept are exemplified, they are predictably subjective, as it is the translator who figures out and interprets informative substrate semantically and logically associated with reality. As a result of the necessary radical transformation of the source text the reader gets the modified version of Finnegans Wake rather than a translation in the true sense.
Kentsel Bir Fragman Olarak Kapalı Konut Yerleşmeleri: Kayseri Örneği
Authors: SEYHAN AYTEN Sevim , AYGEN Zeynep
Published: October 2022

Küresel kentlerde kapitalizmin etkisi ile üretilen kapalı konut yerleşmeleri; ayrıcalıklı, prestijli, konforlu ve idealleştirilmiş yaşamlar sunarak, kentsel mekânı değiştirmekte ve dönüştürmektedir. ‘Öteki’lerden farklılaşan ve ayrışan bu tarz yerleşmeler ile kent arasında parçalı bir mekânsal ilişki bulunmaktadır. Kapalı konut yerleşmelerinin duvarlarının belirlediği sınırlar doğrultusunda kentlerde ortaya çıkan parçalı doku bu tarz konut alanlarının “kentsel fragman” olarak yorumlanmasını mümkün kılmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın amacı; postmodern tüketim toplumunda bir arzu nesnesi olarak üretilen kapalı konut yerleşmelerinin kent dokusunda yarattığı ayrışma ve parçalanmayı kentsel fragman kavramı aracılığı ile deşifre etmektir. Kapalı konut yerleşmelerinin kentteki yayılma süreçleri ve kümelendikleri kentsel çevrede yaşanan mekânsal değişimler Anadolu coğrafyasının önemli bir ticari kimlik temsilcisi olan Kayseri kenti özelinde tartışılmıştır. Çalışmanın hedefi Kayseri’de yer alan kapalı konut yerleşmelerinin kentsel dağılım diyagramlarını üretmek, yer seçim kriterlerini belirlemek, bulundukları bağlam ile kurdukları ilişki durumunu çözümlemek ve buna göre bu tarz yerleşmelerin kentsel mekânda yarattığı kopmayı fragman kavramına içkin yorumlamaktır. Çalışmanın yöntemi, Kayseri örnekleminde, kapalı konut yerleşmelerinin bulunduğu kentsel çevre ile ilişkisinin haritalar ve fotoğraflar ile analizini ve kentsel fragman kavramı çerçevesinde değerlendirmesini içermektedir. Kentte yaşanan mekânsal ayrışma ve parçalı doku kentsel haritalama tekniği kullanılarak odaklı harita ve kentsel dağılım diyagramlarının üretimi aracılığıyla belgelenmiştir. Böylelikle kapalı konut yerleşmelerinin kentteki dağılımı, yoğunluğu ve kentsel örüntüdeki etkilerine odaklanan bir okuma geliştirilmiştir. Sonuçta Kayseri’de üretilen kapalı konut yerleşmelerinin, kent çeperinde kentsel bağlama ilişkin referansların zayıf olduğu yeni gelişme alanlarında veya kent merkezi ve yakın çevresinde kentsel yenileme yolu ile üretildikleri tespit edilmiştir. Rant ekonomisine dayalı olarak sermayenin elinde üretilen yeni konut alanları, kentin bütünsel gelişimine yönelik bir süreksizliğe neden olmaktadır. Kapalı konut yerleşmelerinin kentte yoğunlaşması ile birlikte ortaya çıkan kentsel örüntü parçalı bir doku sergilemektedir. Kentin mevcut morfolojik yapısından bağımsız gelişen bu doku kümelerinin mekânsal süreklilikte kopmalara neden olduğu haritalar üzerinden okunmaktadır. Kentte yaşanan duvarlar ile sınırlı parçaların oluşturduğu dönüşüm, kamusal alanın yok olmasına, duvarlar, sınırlar ve yasaklar ile belirlenmiş mekânsal ayrışmalara neden olmaktadır.
Le misure della pioggia di Giovan Stefano Conti a Lucca (Toscana, Italia) (23 settembre 1744-21 luglio 1794)
Authors: Rapetti Franco
Published: October 2022

Negli anni che seguirono la chiusura dell’Accademia del Cimento di Firenze, per quanto fino ad oggi emerso, le misure meteorologiche subirono una battuta di arresto, che si protrasse fino ai primi anni del Settecento, quando ripresero con vigore, seppure con marcate differenze nelle diverse aree del Paese. A Lucca, Giovan Stefano Conti (7 marzo 1720-28 marzo 1791) raccolse una serie di misure della pioggia, della pressione atmosferica e della temperatura dell’aria presso il palazzo “alla Pantera” nel Fillungo della città, ininterrottamente dal 23 settembre 1744 fino a pochi giorni dalla morte; nei tre anni successivi le misure furono continuate dal fratello Carlo, per concludersi il 20 luglio 1794. La pioggia, raccolta in un “vaso” con la bocca tarata a “mezzo braccio quadrato fiorentino a panno”, veniva pesata alla fine del mese: le trasformazioni delle unità di misura in uso a Lucca nel Settecento nelle unità decimali corrispondono al valore medio annuale della pioggia di 1.290,2 mm, con valori estremi di 903,2 mm nel 1775 e di 1.843,2 mm nel 1786. Il regime stagionale vide il massimo pluviometrico in autunno (34,4%), seguito dall’inverno (31,5%), dalla primavera (22,6%) e dall’estate (11,5%) (regime sub-mediterraneo). L’andamento delle piogge annuali mostra fasi siccitose, come alla metà degli anni Cinquanta e tra la fine degli anni Ottanta fino al termine delle misure, alternate a periodi umidi, che interessarono la metà degli anni Sessanta e Settanta del Settecento. Nel complesso la tendenza del catalogo è debolmente negativa (-4,8 mm/10 anni). La serie pluviometrica di Giovan Stefano Conti, poiché esente da “disomogeneità non climatica”, è idonea a rappresentare i caratteri della piovosità della seconda metà del Settecento nella città di Lucca. Costituisce un documento meteorologico di grande rilievo, sia per l’eccellente stato di conservazione del manoscritto, sia per la cura con cui fu redatto, ma soprattutto per la durata delle misure e delle “osservazioni circa la stagione e stato del tempo”. Può essere utilizzato sia per le comparazioni sincroniche, ad esempio con le piogge rilevate a Camaiore da Pietrantonio Butori nella finestra di sovrapposizione dei due cataloghi tra il 1777 e il 1793, sia per la comparazione diacronica con le piogge rilevate presso l’Orto Botanico di Lucca nell’ultimo cinquantennio. Tali analisi costituiscono un prezioso contributo alle attuali discussioni circa le tendenze della piovosità in Toscana, troppo spesso totalmente prive della necessaria prospettiva storica.
Notiziario
Authors: BSGI Redazione
Published: October 2022

Ricordo di Giuseppe Imbesi (Piergiorgio Landini)
Ricordo di Giuseppe Motta (Piergiorgio Landini)
New models of destination governance between creative intelligence and territorial dialogue: HERIBITS digital platform
Authors: Lemmi Enrica , Deri Maria Grazia
Published: October 2022

The complexity of territorial tourism systems is reflected today in the dynamism of the so-called “digital ecosystems”, such as hyper-connected territorial systems that require integrated government actions oriented to marketing and destination governance strategies. These planning scenarios involve a participatory vision, able to activate virtuous formulas of integrated design of spaces for tourist use, as well as some action of social dialogue and territorial animation. In order to highlight the narrative elements and the related aspects of governance of the destination, understood as a geographical area and, also, as a tourist product with high emotional content. This study investigates the field of study of spatial planning according to a cross-cutting and multi-level government vision in favour of a more effective planning in a tourism point of view. In this field of investigation, the traditional elements of the destination are integrated with the most innovative elements to support the territorial organizational management, such as, strategies for the digitalisation of material and intangible assets with high attractive value for territorial use. In light of scientific literature review, the paper also illustrates the results of a research project called HERIBITS (Heritage Best Practice Models and Crowdfunding Intelligence to enable the Culture Economy) conducted by the University of Pisa in order to create a techno-social web platform for joint use, of the local community and of the public decision-makers of the tourist system, on different territorial scale.
CE.NE.RI. urbane _ CEntro NEgoziale di RIgenerazioni urbane.
Authors: Manuele Gaetano Giovanni Daniele
Published: October 2022

CE.NE.RI. urbane è un progetto presentato al Creative living Lab, III edizione, del Mibact, che promuove una rigenerazione ‘dal basso’ del quartiere Librino di Catania, nella quale protagonista sia la componente degli adolescenti.

Esso mira alla creazione di un laboratorio diffuso in cui si sviluppi la sperimentazione e che sia, come sottolinea del resto l’acronimo CE.NE.RI., un CEntro NEgoziale di Rigenerazione per la comunità locale.

Nel laboratorio i ragazzi, e gli adulti, collaboreranno con esperti alla creazione e alla realizzazione di manufatti artistici e opere di street art che contribuiscano a rivitalizzare Librino. Attraverso la pratica del cosiddetto urbanismo tattico essi inoltre avranno la possibilità di mutare la spazialità, funzionalità e l’estetica di alcuni luoghi degradati che abitualmente frequentano.

L’aspirazione è ridurre la marginalità di Librino creando luoghi vitali, di pregio artistico, di socialità e sentiti come propri dalla comunità locale.
L’apparato normativo al servizio della pianificazione sostenibile dell’ambiente costruito: il caso della legge 338/2000
Authors: Piferi Claudio
Published: October 2022

L'articolo riporta una parte di un’attività di ricerca più ampia che vede coinvolti i ricercatori del Centro Interuniversitario TESIS nell’ambito dell’istruttoria dei progetti e monitoraggio delle fasi di attuazione del piano nazionale per la realizzazione di residenze per studenti universitari, ai sensi della legge n. 338 del 2000:, l'attenzione posta dalla specifica normativa al tema della sostenibilità con un approccio più ampio di tipo circolare, rappresenta una vera e propria novità per il nostro Paese. La norma si distingue, infatti, per l'attenzione alla questione ambientale, orientando la realizzazione delle residenze per studenti, ad oggi dei veri e propri luoghi della formazione, verso soluzioni in grado di contenere i rifiuti, il consumo di suolo, ecc.

Il contributo riporta alcuni dati significativi emersi dall’attività di ricerca in merito alle soluzioni di tipo impiantistico e architettonico maggiormente utilizzate nella progettazione e realizzazione di residenze per studenti universitari.
Influence of Individual Characteristics and Commitments on the Effectiveness of the Awu Ardya Garini Organization
Authors: Roswita Irene , Respati Harianto , Nasir Mokhamad
Published: October 2022

This study's objectives were to describe individual characteristics and commitment to Effectiveness, to test and analyze the effect of individual characteristics and work environment simultaneously on performance, to examine and analyze the effect of individual characteristics and work environment partially on performance, and to identify the most influential variables on the performance of Army Wife Union (AWU) Ardhya Garini Kodik and Halim Perdana Kusuma Jakarta. Quantitative research is employed, i.e., research that has a hypothesis and requires statistical techniques to establish the hypothesis; causal-comparative research is the sort of research. This study was carried out at Kodikau Halim Perdana Kusuma in Jakarta. This study found that good attitudes and interests can contribute to favourable individual characteristics among AWU members Ardhya Garini Kodik and Halim Perdana Kusuma Jakarta, as indicated by their positive responses. The efficacy of the bank's organization is determined by its ability to accomplish organizational functions in line with set goals and applicable requirements, as well as its adaptability, job satisfaction, and sense of responsibility. Individual qualities are the most prominent and influential of the assessed components affecting the performance of an organization. Thus, the development in organizational performance at AWU Ardhya Garini Kodik at Halim Perdana Kusuma Jakarta is heavily influenced by skills and dispositions. The efficacy of the bank's organization is determined by its ability to accomplish organizational functions in line with set goals and applicable requirements, as well as its adaptability, job satisfaction, and sense of responsibility. Individual qualities are the most prominent and influential of the assessed components affecting the performance of an organization.
Employee Engagement and Talent Retention: A Review
Authors: Ngozi Dyke-Ebirika , Edwinah Amah
Published: October 2022

This study examined employee engagement and talent retention. The objective of the study is to examine the influence of employee engagement on talent retention. Other specific objective is to determine the influence of cognitive engagement on employee competence, to determine the influence of emotional engagement on employee satisfaction and to determine the influence of behavioral engagement on employee turnover rate. The dimensions of employee engagement was reviewed as cognitive engagement, affective engagement and behavioral engagement while the measures of employee retention was reviewed as employee competence, employee satisfaction and employee turnover rate. The study revealed that engaged employees often experience positive emotions (e.g., happiness, joy and enthusiasm). Engaged employees experience better health, create their own job and personal resources which enhance their competence and thus enhance talent retention. The study thus concluded that there is a practical and literal relationship between employee engagement and talent retention. The study thus, recommended that organizations should from time to time investigate employee behavior in other to manage it properly and adequately. Organization’s plan of action should be intentional towards employee engagement for business success. While applying adequate retention strategies, organizations should be proactive and rational in other to identify and classify talented employees for retention.
Utilisation of Biofuels to Reduce the Impact of Air Pollutants
Authors: SP Anitha
Published: October 2022

Biofuel has recommended alternative uses of petroleum and diesel to reduce air pollution from the environment. The utilization of biofuel has used renewable energies such as solar energy, ocean, biomass, and others that reduce the risks to the environment. This research study conducted a secondary data collection method to analyse the impact of biofuel utilization to reduce air pollutants. In the present time, most of the country has taken this strategy to use biofuel. The utilization of biofuel has provided sustainability to the use of fuels. Moreover, this strategy has helped to increase oxygen levels in the air. In this regard, biofuel utilization has reduced Green House Gas (GHG) emissions and other air pollutants in the air and also helped to improve air quality. Keyword : Green House Gas (GHG), Biodiesel, Biomass
Gefährdung durch psychisch auffällige Personen – Fachtagung Bedrohungsmanagement – Tagungsband 2021
Authors: Biberstein Lorenz , Brunner Reinhard , Cavelti Ladina , Habermeyer Elmar , Kauf Corinne , Schmid Werner , Schmidt Catharina , Treuthardt Daniel , Werner Andreas , Winet Ruedi
Published: October 2022

Der Umgang mit als Gefährder*innen eingestuften, psychisch auffälligen Personen ist eine grosse Herausforderung. Oft stehen strafrechtlich kaum fassbare, aber dennoch bedrohliche Verhaltensweisen im Raum, die begründeten Anlass für die Befürchtung einer bevorstehenden Gewalttat geben. Polizeiliche und strafprozessuale Massnahmen stossen an ihre Grenzen. Es fehlen ausreichende Instrumente mit dem notwendigen Therapieansatz. Um diese Versorgungslücken zu schliessen, ist das Bedrohungsmanagement in der Kette der Strafverfolgung sowie im Gesundheitswesen noch besser zu verankern. Die „Fachtagung Bedrohungsmanagement – Gefährdung durch psychisch auffällige Personen“ vom 4. November 2021 sollte zur Information und Wissensvermittlung sowie zur Vernetzung unter Fachpersonen dienen.
Mechanism of action and therapeutic targeting of microglia in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Zhang Yangming , Xie Yuqiao , Cheng Zishuo , Zhang Yanran , Wang Wenting , Guo Baolin , Wu Shengxi
Published: October 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex mental illness with a high incidence and considerable impact. More than half of the affected individuals have self-harm behaviors, resulting in high mortality and morbidity. The impact of ASD on education and employment opportunities, the need for family care and support, as well as the burden on families and society is enormous. The underlying pathogenesis of ASD is still unclear, and effective interventions are lacking. Microglia are key immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS), and they function far beyond classical innate immunity, as they can affect normal neuronal activity by secreting cytokines and pruning synapses through phagocytosis. On the one hand, the abnormal activity of microglia may contribute to the development of ASD; on the other hand, it provides a potential target for intervention and treatment. In this review, we comprehensively analyze the mechanism of action of microglia in ASD development and summarize the current methods for targeting microglia in treating ASD.
Asuhan Keperawatan Pada Anak Dengan Diare
Authors: Zuraida Sukma Abdillah  , IGA Dewi Purnamawati
Published: October 2022

ASI memberikan zat-zat kekebalan yang belum dapat dibuat oleh bayi tersebut sehingga bayi yang minum ASI lebih jarang sakit terutama pada awal dari kehidupannya. Komponen zat anti infeksi yang banyak dalam ASI akan melindungi bayi dari berbagai macam infeksi, baik yang disebabkan oleh bakteri, virus dan antigen lainnya. Penyakit yang sering diderita oleh anak-anak yaitu masalah pencernaan seperti diare atau gastroenteritis. Diare merupakan gejala yang terjadi karena kelainan yang melibatkan fungsi pencernaan, penyerapan dan sekresi. Diare disebabkan oleh transportasi air dan elektrolit yang abnormal dalam usus. Komplikasi yang dapat terjadi antara lain dehidrasi, gangguan sistem kardiovaskular akibat hipovolemia berat, kejang karena demam tinggi terutama pada infeksi Shigella, perforasi usus akibat demam tifoid, muntah dan kematian. Tujuan penulisan diharapkan mahasiswa mampu memberikan asuhan keperawatan pada anak yang mengalami diare. Metode penulisan adalah deskriptif atau gambaran suatu kasus dan kepustakaan. Hasil dari karya tulis ilmiah ini adalah mahasiswa memperoleh gambaran tentang asuhan keperawatan pada anak dengan diare. Masalah keperawatan berupa: Bersihan jalan nafas tidak efektif, Hipovolemia, Defisit nutrisi, Risiko infeksi, Gangguan pertumbuhan perkembangan.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Stress Kerja Pada Karyawan di PT XACTI Indonesia Tahun 2021
Authors: Yulia Anggraeni Hidayat Putri  , Sukyati Ira , Alma Putri Febriyanti
Published: October 2022

Shift kerja merupakan suatu sistem yang diterapkan perusahaan untuk meningkatkan produksi secara maksimal dan kontinu dengan bekerja selama 24 jam dalam sehari. Selain itu juga untuk mengoptimalkan daya kerja mesin-mesin industri dan untuk meningkatkan keuntungan perusahaan, hal ini akan berdampak negatif pada karyawan sehingga menimbulkan kelelahan mental atau stres. Data berdasarkan Riskesdas 2018 menunjukan bahwa prevalensi gangguan jiwa berat pada penduduk Indonesia naik secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan Riskesdas 2013 yaitu naik dari 1,7‰ menjadi 7‰ dan gangguan mental emosional naik dari 6% menjadi 9.8% dari jumlah penduduk Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara shift kerja dengan stres kerja pada karyawan di PT Xacti Indonesia tahun 2021. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan menggunakan rancangan studi cross sectional. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 89 orang dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pengukuran stres kerja diukur dengan menggunakan kuesioner health, safety and executive. Dengan tujuan penelitian  mengetahui faktor yang paling memengaruhi  stres kerja dilakukan uji statistik menggunakan uji Regresi Logistik Multinominal , dengan hasil rata-rata responden sebagian besar  adalah perempuan (56,2%), dengan masa kerja 1-5 tahun sebesar 82%, dan memiliki tingkat stress kerja sedang sebesar 51,7%.  Dan variabel yang  memiliki korelasi dengan stress kerja adalah shift kerja. Shift kerja signifikan pada fungsi logit 1 yang berarti stress kerja tingkat rendah terjadi pada shift kerja pagi. Nilai persentase ketepatan seluruh model  sebesar 53,9% yang memiliki makna terdapat 53,9% (54%)  observasi dapat diklasifikasikan dengan tepat Dengan diadakan nya penelitian ini diharapkan perusahaan dapat mengatur sistem shift kerja dengan lebih baik. Apabila ada karyawan yang memiliki tingkat stres yang tinggi, pihak perusahaan harus memberikan masukan dan motivasi-motivasi agar karyawan tersebut bisa lebih bersemangat sehingga tingkat stresnya bisa menurun.
Update on trials examining effects of night-time blood pressure lowering drug treatment on prevention of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Ho Chau Le Bao , Reid Christopher M.
Published: October 2022

Current evidence on benefits of night-time blood pressure (BP) lowering drug treatment on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention attributable to the Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in the Prediction of Cardiovascular Events and Effects of Chronotherapy (MAPEC) trial and Bedtime hypertension treatment improves cardiovascular risk reduction (Hygia) trials has raised concern on their validity and methodology. In this commentary, the authors have updated the progress of the ongoing trials that were planned to examine the effect of night-time BP lowering drug treatment on CVD prevention. As compared to MAPEC and Hygia trials, three pragmatic trials the Blood Pressure Medication Timing (BPMedtime) trial (US), the Treatment In Morning versus Evening (TIME) trial (UK), Bedmed and Bedmed-frail (Canada) were planned without ambulatory BP monitoring. The BPMedtime trial was stopped after the pilot phase due to underestimated sample size and insufficient funds. TIME trial (UK) had a similar issue when changing the sample size from 10,269 to more than 20,000 participants. The TIME trial was completed and the initial results showing that protection against heart attack, stroke and vascular death is not affected by whether antihypertensive medications are taken in the morning or evening. The full study of the TIME trial is published in December 2022. Bedmed and Bedmed-frail trials are ongoing and will be completed in 2023. Time of taking BP lowering drug should be determined by patients at their convenience to improve the adherence. There was no difference in adverse effects of taking BP lowering drugs at night or morning. Evidence on the effect of night-time treatment on CVD events is inconsistent. The results from ongoing trials in Canada will contribute evidence to the use of BP lowering drug treatment for the prevention of CVD.
Humanities Knowledge in the Modern World
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Dimitrova Svetlana V. , Kal’dinova Galina P. ,   Institute for Comprehensive Research of Arid Territories; Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Kyarova Madina A. ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agricultural University named after V.M. Kokov
Published: October 2022

Determining the boundaries and degree of influence of the results of scholarly knowledge on a person is becoming even more relevant at the current stage of the development of scholarship. Humanitarian knowledge is ambivalent, which is manifested in the fact that the search for and improvement of ways to achieve humanistic ideals can form the basis for the formation of resources allowing us to produce or construct a certain type of personality. Particular attention is paid to situations in which the scientifically based striving for humanitarian ideals – preservation and improvement of the quality of human life – leads to the fact that even life and death of an individual can be the result of an agreement between scientists and politicians. This paper aimed to substantiate the need to identify boundaries in achieving humanitarian ideals. The research method applied here is the analysis of philosophical doctrines, which allow to explicate new approaches to determining the ways of finding meaning. In the context of a plural, multidirectional and risk-inducing development of the world, the traditional features of the humanities – desire for understanding, search for meaning, and contextuality – are undergoing essential changes. The unprecedented fragmentation of today’s world and the sporadic nature of people’s lives actualizes the search for resources to achieve understanding in the absence of integrity. Further, the paper shows the fundamental importance of human efforts aimed to find and be able to stay in such modes of consciousness as “participatory thinking” (M.M. Bakhtin), “thought-action” (M.K. Mamardashvili) and “consciousness not based on cognitive meanings” (Pope John Paul II). It is substantiated here that the idea of establishing meaning as a result of the efforts/perseverance of an individual has ontological and epistemological value. The search for and establishment of meaning is an accomplished event (G. Deleuze), which reflects the uniqueness of a person’s existence.
Projects Against Peasant Drunkenness in the Russian Empire in the Early 20th Century
Authors:   Vladimir Law Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Kalyuzhnaya Ol’ga V.
Published: October 2022

This article examines the projects aimed to combat peasant drunkenness that were discussed by the local committees of the Special Meeting on the Needs of the Agricultural Industry in Russia in 1902–1903. The attitude of the committee members to drunkenness as a social, economic and medical problem is shown. Committee members identified the following factors as provoking peasant drunkenness: monopoly on alcohol (which prompted an increase in illegal trade), large number of holidays, as well as traditions of drinking alcoholic beverages in connection with socially significant events. Further, key negative phenomena of peasant life caused by drunkenness highlighted by the participants of the local committees are analysed here: economic and moral decline, increased crime rate, and growing number of diseases (primarily mental). In addition, the main projects against drunkenness that were discussed by the district and provincial committees are considered. The projects proposed can be roughly grouped as follows: measures for substituting vodka for milder alcoholic beverages (in particular, beer); measures for restricting the use and sale of vodka (a ban on sale during holidays and socially significant events, as well as a complete ban on production and sale); tougher penalties on drunkards; educational measures. The final decisions adopted by the committees were, however, less stringent and mainly focused on reducing the consumption of alcoholic beverages in the street and limiting the places and hours of sale of vodka, as well as on spiritual and moral education of peasants by teachers and clerics.
International Relations in the Early 21st Century: Trends and Prospects
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Luk’yanov Vladimir Yu.
Published: October 2022

This article dwells on the prospects for the development of international relations in the 21st century. The fact of a high level of conflict in the world is stated, the specifics of the current situation is considered and the need to analyse ways to create a stable system of international relations is substantiated. Further, a short overview of how well this topic has been researched is provided. The problem is considered in historical retrospect. The paper studies the systems of international relations in the 19th and 20th centuries: (Vienna, Versailles–Washington, and Yalta–Potsdam, as well as the modern system of international relations that started to take shape in the late 20th century) and their evolution. Each of the systems is briefly analysed here. Special attention is given to such notions as the balance of power, collective security, and international law. In addition, the role of the League of Nations and the UN in 20th-century international relations and the results achieved by them are evaluated. Moreover, the problems faced by the UN are described and the organization’s prospects in the 21st century are assessed. Considering the current system of international relations, the author notes its incomplete formation as well as fundamental differences from the systems that existed before. The developing system has faced a number of entirely new challenges, such as a complete discrediting of the international law, virtual destruction of the nuclear weapons control system, total loss of trust between the countries, extremely high level of tension in the world in general, and ineffectiveness of the UN. In conclusion, the author attempts to predict how the situation in the world will be developing in the 21st century and what the system of international relations will look like in the future.
Analytical Formulation of the Problem of Freedom in the Context of a Socio-Legal Argumentation
Authors:   Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Mishagin Pavel A.
Published: October 2022

The author addresses the problem of free will as a prerequisite for the moral, and, consequently, legal responsibility of a person as a legal entity and concentrates on its formulation in analytic philosophy. The latter proceeds from the contradiction between a person’s free will and the determinism of objective processes. The peculiarity of this formulation of the problem of free will stems from the characteristic features of analytic philosophy: its anti-historicism, anti-metaphysics, scientism, logicism, naturalism of common sense, and value neutrality. Considering the grounds on which a person can be deemed free, we come to the conclusion that these grounds are extremely problematic in the light of both competing analytic theories, i.e. compatibilism and incompatibilism. While the former, in the spirit of D. Hume, is forced to look for means to describe a person’s free actions as necessary elements in the chain of a regular sequence of events, the latter faces the problem of substantiating indeterminism, clarifying its types and the level of implementation of unconditioned processes that make the action free. The development of an analytical understanding of free will leads to the paradoxical conclusion that the latter is a condition for including an individual into the crime–punishment chain of legal determination. In other words, a person must be free to get in the zone of action of a certain type of causal dependence. The logicism of the analytical type of philosophizing makes such conclusions unacceptable, which further problematizes free will. The author comes to the conclusion that the analytical approach to the problem of free will immanently contains its denial or formalization and is, therefore, alien to the traditional socio-legal discourse based on the assumption of unshakable, a priori grounds for a legal person’s free will. In the final part of the article, the author explains why the analytical formulation is inapplicable to the problem of freedom for social philosophy of the value type, but relevant for reflective social philosophy.
A super-oscillatory step-zoom metalens for visible light
Authors: Zhou Yi , Yan Chao , Tian Peng , Li Zhu , He Yu , Fan Bin , Wang Zhiyong , Deng Yao , Tang Dongliang
Published: October 2022

In recent years, the super-oscillation method based on the fine interference of optical fields has been successfully applied to sub-diffraction focusing and super-resolution imaging. However, most previously reported works only describe static super-oscillatory lenses. Super-oscillatory lenses using phase-change materials still have issues regarding dynamic tunability and inflexibility. Therefore, it is vital to develop a flexible and tunable modulation approach for super-oscillatory lenses. In this paper, we propose a super-oscillatory step-zoom lens based on the geometric phase principle, which can switch between two focal lengths within a certain field of view. The designed device consists of nanopillars with high efficiency of up to 80%, and the super-resolution focusing with 0.84 times of diffraction limit is verified by the full-wave simulation. The proposed method bears the potential to become a useful tool for label-free super-resolution microscopic imaging and optical precision machining.
Minimum number of vaccine doses required to protect against long COVID symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors:   Chinese University of Hong Kong, Chow King Ngai , Tsang Yuk Wah , Chan Yan Hei , Telaga Shalina Alisha , Ng Lok Yan Andes , Chung Chit Ming , Yip Yan Ming , Cheung Peter Pak Hang
Published: October 2022

Review question / Objective: Following the COVID-19 global outbreak, Long Covid is currently the most urgent global health problem. Primary clinical research have produced widely varying findings demonstrating the protective and even counterproductive effects of immunization against extended Covid. We used a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the impact of pre- and post-Covid immunization for the prevention of extended Covid. Condition being studied: The main result is whether long Covid is present or absent, which is determined by whether one or more long Covid symptoms have persisted for more than three weeks following infection. The secondary result is whether or not each unique long-term Covid symptom is present. ICD10-CM was used to classify and define symptoms since research utilized several names for the same symptom. To ensure validity, we only examined long-lasting Covid symptoms mentioned in three or more research. We asked the authors of publications that merely provided information on the presence or absence of extended Covid to provide information on specific symptoms. We also wanted data that was stratified by the number of vaccine doses for studies that pooled data from pre-Covid vaccinations given in 1-dose and 2-dose regimens.