bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional Outcome Prediction in Acute Ischemic Stroke Using a Fused Imaging and Clinical Deep Learning Model
Authors: Liu Yongkai , Yu Yannan , Ouyang Jiahong , Jiang Bin , Yang Guang , Ostmeier Sophie , Wintermark Max , Michel Patrik , Liebeskind David S. , Lansberg Maarten G. , Albers Gregory W. , Zaharchuk Greg
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:

Predicting long-term clinical outcome based on the early acute ischemic stroke information is valuable for prognostication, resource management, clinical trials, and patient expectations. Current methods require subjective decisions about which imaging features to assess and may require time-consuming postprocessing. This study’s goal was to predict ordinal 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score in acute ischemic stroke patients by fusing a Deep Learning model of diffusion-weighted imaging images and clinical information from the acute period.

METHODS:

A total of 640 acute ischemic stroke patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging within 1 to 7 days poststroke and had 90-day mRS follow-up data were randomly divided into 70% (n=448) for model training, 15% (n=96) for validation, and 15% (n=96) for internal testing. Additionally, external testing on a cohort from Lausanne University Hospital (n=280) was performed to further evaluate model generalization. Accuracy for ordinal mRS, accuracy within ±1 mRS category, mean absolute prediction error, and determination of unfavorable outcome (mRS score >2) were evaluated for clinical only, imaging only, and 2 fused clinical-imaging models.

RESULTS:

The fused models demonstrated superior performance in predicting ordinal mRS score and unfavorable outcome in both internal and external test cohorts when compared with the clinical and imaging models. For the internal test cohort, the top fused model had the highest area under the curve of 0.92 for unfavorable outcome prediction and the lowest mean absolute error (0.96 [95% CI, 0.77–1.16]), with the highest proportion of mRS score predictions within ±1 category (79% [95% CI, 71%–88%]). On the external Lausanne University Hospital cohort, the best fused model had an area under the curve of 0.90 for unfavorable outcome prediction and outperformed other models with an mean absolute error of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.79–1.01), and the highest percentage of mRS score predictions within ±1 category (83% [95% CI, 78%–87%]).

CONCLUSIONS:

A Deep Learning-based imaging model fused with clinical variables can be used to predict 90-day stroke outcome with reduced subjectivity and user burden.
Modeling the Decay in Probability of Receiving Endovascular Thrombectomy on the Basis of Time From Stroke Onset
Authors: Paydarfar Daniel A. , Holodinsky Jessalyn K. , Mazya Michael V. , Hill Michael , Menon Bijoy , Jayaraman Mahesh , Kamal Noreen
Published: July 2023

Background

American Heart Association guidelines specify infarct core volume as 1 determinant of eligibility for endovascular thrombectomy. Therefore, it is important to understand how time‐dependent infarct core growth translates to a patient's declining probability of thrombectomy eligibility. Modeling the probability that a patient with suspected large‐vessel occlusion would qualify for thrombectomy on the basis of their expected time from stroke onset to treatment can help inform the optimal prehospital emergency transport protocols, maximizing the likelihood of an excellent patient outcome.

Methods

We extended a published physiological model of infarct core growth to derive a decay curve of thrombectomy eligibility (based on a given infarct core volume threshold) as a function of time from stroke onset. We then adapted an existing model of the time‐dependent probability of an excellent outcome to incorporate this decay curve. Using the adapted model, we determined the optimal prehospital emergency transport protocols in Alberta, Canada, and compared these with the protocols that assumed all patients were thrombectomy eligible.

Results

The probability of qualifying for thrombectomy decays exponentially as time elapses from stroke onset. We found that the area where mothership is the optimal transport protocol increased by 18.6% after incorporating our decay curve of thrombectomy eligibility into the underlying optimization model. The benefit of mothership versus drip‐and‐ship also increased in the areas where mothership was favored, and in areas where drip‐and‐ship was favored, the benefit of drip‐and‐ship weakened. We also performed a number of sensitivity analyses to observe how these results change on the basis of our assumptions for model parameters.

Conclusion

This methodology provides a novel, physiology‐based approach to derive a thrombectomy eligibility curve. These models are necessary to better optimize prehospital transport decisions and consequently improve outcomes of patients with suspected large‐vessel occlusion.
A taxonomic revision of Calendula (Asteraceae) in Morocco, including some taxa from Algeria and Tunisia
Authors: GONÇALVES ANA CARLA , OUHAMMOUD AHMED , AMIROUCHE RACHID , SANTOS CONCEIÇÃO , FIGUEIREDO ESTRELA , SILVEIRA PAULO
Published: July 2023

On the scope of a full taxonomic revision of the genus Calendula (Asteraceae), the morphological patterns in taxa of Calendula occurring in Morocco and some additional taxa from Algeria and Tunisia were analyzed. This genus was inadequately studied in the SW Mediterranean region, in particular the perennial plants with 2n = 32 (commonly included in C. suffruticosa and C. incana) as specimens of these plants held in herbaria generally lacked achenes, which are essential for proper classification/identification. The classification, relationships, distribution and evolution of these Calendula taxa were assessed using principal components analysis, further supported by chromosome numbers and genome size estimations. Morphometric analyses among and between the C. maroccana and C. suffruticosa groups revealed that the major delimiting characters belong to the morphology of the achenes. A taxonomic treatment for Calendula in the SW Mediterranean region (Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia) is, therefore, presented, based on observations in the field and study of herbarium specimens. Two new species (C. davisii and C. oualidii) and eight new subspecies of C. suffruticosa are described. Six lectotypes and one neotype are designated. Identification keys, taxon descriptions, synonymy, type citations, conservation assessments and notes on distribution and habitat, are also provided. There are 12 species of Calendula in Morocco, of which 8 are endemic. Four species are assessed as Critically Endangered and three as Endangered.
Contribution to the knowledge of Chinese Gryllacrididae (Orthoptera) XVI: One new genus with one new species
Authors: ZHANG QIANWEN , BIAN XUN
Published: July 2023

Based on the former examined species and new material, we described one new genus Sinagryllacris with S. cirrhatis sp. nov.. Comparing other genera of Gryllacrididae, the new genus is unique in the combination of the following characters: body slender, male ninth abdominal tergite with median hooks that are narrowly separated; female seventh abdominal sternite with 1 long process.
Revision of the Genera Pseudatheta Cameron and Phymatura Sahlberg (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae) from Japan
Authors: HASHIZUME TAKUTO , YAMAMOTO SHÛHEI , MARUYAMA MUNETOSHI
Published: July 2023

New taxonomic and distributional data for five species of the genera Pseudatheta Cameron, 1920 and Phymatura Sahlberg, 1876 from Japan are provided, and the following seven species are recognized: Pseudatheta crenulicauda (Bernhauer, 1907), comb. nov. (= Pseudatheta similis Pace, 2010, syn. nov.); Pseudatheta taiwanensis Pace, 2008; Pseudatheta hilaris (Sharp, 1888), comb. nov.; Pseudatheta cooteri Pace, 1998; Pseudatheta elegans Cameron, 1920; Phymatura japonica Cameron,1933, stat. rev. (= Phymatura cooteri Assing, 2005, syn. nov.); and Phymatura russa Assing, 2021. Pseudatheta cooteri, Ps. elegans, Ps. taiwanensis, and Ph. russa, are recorded from Japan for the first time. Platyola oligotinula (Sharp, 1888), comb. rev. is excluded from Pseudatheta and confirmed as a member of the genus Platyola Mulsant & Rey, 1875. Lectotypes are designated for two species, Atheta crenulicauda (= Ps. crenulicauda comb. nov.) and Homalota oligotinula (= Platyola oligotinula comb. rev.). Although the two genera were reviewed in this paper, there are some diagnostic problems in the two genera and in species classification and identification, and further studies, including DNA analysis, are required in the future. We also examined specimens from outside of Japan relevant to the taxonomic study of Japanese species.
On the taxonomy of Uropeltis petersi (Beddome, 1878) (Serpentes: Uropeltidae) and description of a new, closely related species from the Western Ghats of India
Authors: GOWER DAVID J.
Published: July 2023

A new species of the uropeltid snake genus Uropeltis Cuvier, 1829 is described from the environs of Munnar in the Anamalai hils of the Western Ghats of peninsular India. Uropeltis tricuspida sp. nov. superficially resembles the poorly known and closely related U. petersi, but differs from that species in having more ventral and subcaudal scales, and a tri- rather than bicuspid posterior tip to the terminal scute.
A new genus and new species of Cyclocoelidae (Digenea), a parasite in spotted rail, Pardirallus maculatus (Gruiformes: Rallidae), in the Pampa biome, southern Brazil
Authors: SANTOS JOSÉ JUNIOR DOS , MASCARENHAS CAROLINA SILVEIRA , MÜLLER GERTRUD
Published: July 2023

Seventeen specimens of the spotted rail, Pardirallus maculatus (Boddaert) (Gruiformes: Rallidae), from the southern Brazil were examined for helminths. Three birds were positive for specimens of Cyclocoelidae (Digenea), which were found in both nasal and abdominal cavities. Helminths were described as Nasuscoelum pampensis n. gen., n. sp. The new genus has an intertesticular ovary forming a triangle with the testis, characterizing the Cyclocoelinae. Nasuscoelum pampensis n. gen., n. sp. is similar to Cyclocoelum mutabile (Zeder, 1800), however it differs from the latter by the presence of vitelline follicles confluence in the posterior region. A revised key to the Cyclocoelinae was proposed to include the new genus.
Impacts of Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and Volcanic Forcing on the Late Summer Temperature of the Southern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Nie Wenzheng , Li Mingqi , Deng Guofu , Shao Xuemei
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we present a late summer (August–September) temperature reconstruction over the period 1792–2020 based on a tree-ring maximum latewood density (MXD) chronology for the southern Tibetan Plateau (TP). The reconstruction explained 66.2% of the variance in the instrumental temperature records during the calibration period 1960–2020 and captured the warming trend since the 1960s, which would support the current warming on the TP. In addition, a warming hiatus existed during 2001–12 and the last 20 years (2000–20) were the warmest period in the past two centuries. The reconstruction matched other MXD- and mean latewood density (LWD)-based late summer temperature reconstructions from neighboring regions, and fluctuated in synchrony with the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) Northern Hemisphere land surface temperature during 1850–2020. Multitaper method analysis and wavelet analysis revealed significant periodicities of 2–3, 20–30, and 40–60 years in the reconstructed series. Our reconstructed series was very consistent and highly correlated with the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO). During the warm phase of the AMO, higher pressure and divergent horizontal winds over the TP contribute to warmer summers in the region. In addition, we found that the southern TP experienced the lowest temperature and downward solar radiation in the second year following large volcanic eruptions. The decrease in downward solar radiation may be directly responsible for the occurrence of the lowest temperatures. The results indicate that the AMO and large volcanic eruptions were impacting factors on temperature in our study area.
Optimal Fingerprinting with Estimating Equations
Authors: Ma Sai , Wang Tianying , Yan Jun , Zhang Xuebin
Published: July 2023

Climate change detection and attribution have played a central role in establishing the influence of human activities on climate. Optimal fingerprinting, a linear regression with errors in variables (EIVs), has been widely used in detection and attribution analyses of climate change. The method regresses observed climate variables on the expected climate responses to the external forcings, which are measured with EIVs. The reliability of the method depends critically on proper point and interval estimations of the regression coefficients. The confidence intervals constructed from the prevailing method, total least squares (TLS), have been reported to be too narrow to match their nominal confidence levels. We propose a novel framework to estimate the regression coefficients based on an efficient, bias-corrected estimating equations approach. The confidence intervals are constructed with a pseudo residual bootstrap variance estimator that takes advantage of the available control runs. Our regression coefficient estimator is unbiased, with a smaller variance than the TLS estimator. Our estimation of the sampling variability of the estimator has a low bias compared to that from TLS, which is substantially negatively biased. The resulting confidence intervals for the regression coefficients have coverage rates close to the nominal level, which ensures valid inferences in detection and attribution analyses. In applications to the annual mean near-surface air temperature at the global, continental, and subcontinental scales during 1951–2020, the proposed method led to shorter confidence intervals than those based on TLS in most of the analyses.

Significance Statement

Optimal fingerprinting is an important statistical tool for estimating human influences on the climate and for quantifying the associated uncertainty. Nonetheless, the estimators from the prevailing practice are not as optimal as believed, and their uncertainties are underestimated, both owing to the unreliable estimation of the optimal weight matrix that is critical to the method. Here we propose an estimation method based on the theory of estimating equations; to assess the uncertainty of the resulting estimator, we propose a pseudo bootstrap procedure. Through extensive numerical studies commonly used in statistical investigations, we demonstrate that the new estimator has a smaller mean-square error, and its uncertainty is estimated much closer to the true uncertainty than the prevailing total least squares method.
Regulation of Southwestern United States Precipitation by non-ENSO Teleconnections and the Impact of the Background Flow
Authors: Dong Cameron , Peings Yannick , Magnusdottir Gudrun
Published: July 2023

In this study, we analyze drivers of non–El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) precipitation variability in the Southwest United States (SWUS) and the influence of the atmospheric basic state, using atmosphere-only and ocean–atmosphere coupled simulations from the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) large ensemble. A cluster analysis identifies three main wave trains associated with non-ENSO SWUS precipitation in the experiments: a meridional ENSO-type wave train, an arching Pacific–North American-type (PNA) wave train, and a circumglobal zonal wave train. The zonal wave train cluster frequency differs between models and ENSO phase, with decreased frequency during El Niño and the coupled runs, and increased frequency during La Niña and the atmosphere-only runs. This is consistent with an El Niño–like bias of the atmospheric circulation in the coupled model, with strengthened subtropical westerlies in the central and eastern North Pacific that cause a retraction of the waveguide in the midlatitude eastern North Pacific. As such, zonal wave trains from the East Asian jet stream (EAJS) are more likely to be diverted southward in the east Pacific in the coupled large ensemble, with a consequently smaller role in driving SWUS precipitation variability. This study illustrates the need to reduce model biases in the background flow, particularly relating to the jet stream, in order to accurately capture the role of large-scale teleconnections in driving SWUS precipitation variability and improve future forecasting capabilities.
A Neural Network Classification Framework for Monthly and High Spatial Resolution Surface Water Mapping in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau from Landsat Observations
Authors: Ran Qinwei , Aires Filipe , Ciais Philippe , Qiu Chunjing , Wang Yanfen
Published: July 2023

The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, known as the Asian Water Tower, has a significant area of water bodies that provide a wide range of valuable ecosystem services. In the context of climate change, the formation condition of surface water and water extent is changing fast. Thus, there is a critical need for monthly detection algorithms at high spatial resolution (∼30 m) with good accuracy. Multiple sensors’ observations are available, but producing reliable long time series surface water mapping at a subannual temporal frequency still remains a challenge, mainly due to data limitations. In this study, we proposed a neural-network-based monthly surface water classification framework relying on Landsat 5/7/8 images in 2000–20 and topographic indices, and retrieved monthly water mask for the year 2020. The surface water was mainly distributed in the central and western parts of the plateau and the maximum area of permanent surface water (water frequency > 60%) was 26.66 × 103 km2 in 2020. The overall, producer, and user accuracies of our surface water map were 0.96, 0.94, and 0.98, respectively, and the kappa coefficient reached 0.90, demonstrating a better performance than existing products [i.e., Joint Research Centre (JRC) Monthly Water History with overall accuracy 0.94, producer accuracy 0.89, user accuracy 0.99, and kappa coefficient 0.89]. Our framework efficiently solved the problem of missing data in Landsat images referring to the JRC and a priori information and performed well in dealing with ice/snow cover issues. We showed that higher uncertainties exist on wetlands and recommended exploring relationships between water and wetlands in the future.

Significance Statement

In this paper, we present a new methodology to estimate surface water and its intra-annual changes using Landsat data. Missing data and retrieval errors in the winter are major issues in the existing products (i.e., JRC dataset). This motivated us to develop a new machine learning algorithm to better improve the retrieval scheme. We show that our approach, based on a neural network classifier, delivers a significant improvement compared to the previous estimates. As shown in the literature, JRC data can hardly be used at the monthly level, whereas our retrieval appears to be exploitable at the monthly scale. This is essential to understand the trend in surface water, one of the key elements of the water cycle.
A Perturbative Solution for Nonlinear Stratified Upwelling over a Frictional Slope
Authors: Choi Jang-Geun , Pringle James , Lippmann Thomas
Published: July 2023

A perturbative solution of simplified primitive equations for nonlinear weakly stratified upwelling over a frictional slope is found that resolves the vertical structure of velocity fields and can satisfy Ertel’s potential vorticity conservation in the stratified inviscid interior. The solution uses assumptions consistent with the model proposed by Lentz and Chapman, including a steady-state, constant cross-shore density gradient, no alongshore gradients, laterally inviscid, and consideration of cross-shore advection of alongshore momentum. The solution resolves the vertical structure of velocity fields (including subsurface maxima of compensational flow, not resolved by Lentz and Chapman) and can satisfy Ertel’s potential vorticity conservation in the stratified inviscid interior. The dynamics are similar to Lentz and Chapman; bottom stress balances alongshore wind stress in a homogeneous density ocean and is replaced by nonlinear cross-shore transport of alongshore momentum as the Burger number (S = αN/f, where α, N, and f are the bottom slope, buoyancy frequency, Coriolis frequency, respectively) increases. When the solution uses the empirical relation between cross-shore and vertical density gradients proposed by Lentz and Chapman, vorticity conservation is not satisfied and the nonlinear momentum transport estimated by the solution linearly increases with S, asymptotically matching Lentz and Chapman for S < 1. When the solution conserves interior potential vorticity, the momentum transport is proportional to S2 for S < 1 and is in better agreement with numerical simulations.
Surface Heating Steers Planetary-Scale Ocean Circulation
Authors: Bhagtani Dhruv , Hogg Andrew McC. , Holmes Ryan M. , Constantinou Navid C.
Published: July 2023

Gyres are central features of large-scale ocean circulation and are involved in transporting tracers such as heat, nutrients, and carbon dioxide within and across ocean basins. Traditionally, the gyre circulation is thought to be driven by surface winds and quantified via Sverdrup balance, but it has been proposed that surface buoyancy fluxes may also contribute to gyre forcing. Through a series of eddy-permitting global ocean model simulations with perturbed surface forcing, the relative contribution of wind stress and surface heat flux forcing to the large-scale ocean circulation is investigated, focusing on the subtropical gyres. In addition to gyre strength being linearly proportional to wind stress, it is shown that the gyre circulation is strongly impacted by variations in the surface heat flux (specifically, its meridional gradient) through a rearrangement of the ocean’s buoyancy structure. On shorter time scales (∼10 years), the gyre circulation anomalies are proportional to the magnitude of the surface heat flux gradient perturbation, with up to ∼0.15 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) anomaly induced per watt per square meter change in the surface heat flux. On time scales longer than a decade, the gyre response to surface buoyancy flux gradient perturbations becomes nonlinear as ocean circulation anomalies feed back onto the buoyancy structure induced by the surface buoyancy fluxes. These interactions complicate the development of a buoyancy-driven theory for the gyres to complement the Sverdrup relation. The flux-forced simulations underscore the importance of surface buoyancy forcing in steering the large-scale ocean circulation.

Significance Statement

Ocean gyres are large swirling circulation features that redistribute heat across ocean basins. It is commonly believed that surface winds are the sole driver of ocean gyres, but recent literature suggests that other mechanisms could also be influential. We perform a series of numerical simulations in which we artificially change either the winds or the heating at the ocean’s surface and investigate how each factor independently affects the ocean gyres. We find that gyres are steered by both winds and surface heating, and that the ocean circulation responds differently to heating on short and long time scales. In addition, the circulation depends on where the heating is applied at the ocean’s surface. Through these simulations, we argue that a complete theory about ocean gyres must consider heating at the ocean’s surface as a possible driver, in addition to the winds.
Exploring the Clinical Utility of Raman Spectroscopy for Point-of-Care Cardiovascular Disease Biomarker Detection
Authors: Soliman Cyril , Faircloth Jonathan , Tu Dandan , Mabbott Samuel , Maitland Kristen , Coté Gerard
Published: July 2023

A variety of innovative point-of-care (POC) solutions using Raman systems have been explored. However, the vast effort is in assay development, while studies of the characteristics required for Raman spectrometers to function in POC applications are lacking. In this study, we tested and compared the performance of eight commercial Raman spectrometers ranging in size from benchtop Raman microscopes to portable and handheld Raman spectrometers using paper fluidic cartridges, including their ability to detect cardiac troponin I and heart fatty acid binding protein, both of which are well-established biomarkers for evaluating cardiovascular health. Each spectrometer was evaluated in terms of excitation wavelength, laser characteristics, and ease of use to investigate POC utility. We found that the Raman spectrometers equipped with 780 and 785 nm laser sources exhibited a reduced background signal and provided higher sensitivity compared to those with 633 and 638 nm laser sources. Furthermore, the spectrometer equipped with the single acquisition line readout functionality showed improved performance when compared to the point scan spectrometers and allowed measurements to be made faster and easier. The portable and handheld spectrometers also showed similar detection sensitivity to the gold standard instrument. Lastly, we reduced the laser power for the spectrometer with single acquisition line readout capability to explore the system performance at a laser power that change the classification from a Class 3B laser device to a Class 3R device and found that it showed comparable performance. Overall, these findings show that portable Raman spectrometers have the potential to be used in POC settings with accuracy comparable to laboratory-grade instruments, are relatively low-cost, provide fast signal readout, are easy to use, and can facilitate access for underserved communities.
Leave Like a Champion: Teacher Embeddedness and Turnover at an Urban “No-Excuses” Charter Management Organization
Authors: McCluskey Matthew S.
Published: July 2023

Teacher turnover remains considerably higher at Charter Management Organizations (CMOs), despite initially high perceptions of fit at the time of hire. Grounded in an emerging branch-off of job embeddedness theory—teacher embeddedness—this multi-site case study of one urban CMO used interviews of departed teachers and principals and focus groups of new and veteran teachers to determine the predominating factors of reduced feelings of embeddedness and, ultimately, turnover. Findings indicate that teacher embeddedness is threatened by methods the CMO has proliferated as “best practice” and factors researchers have empirically correlated with turnover.
How the 12th Man Influences Football Matches: The Role of Fans and Referees in the Home Advantage Phenomenon
Authors: Işın Ali , Gómez Ruano Miguel Ángel
Published: July 2023

Home advantage and referee bias are two sport factors that have been widely studied in the football (i.e., soccer) context. However, the mediating effect of spectators on these factors is not well understood, especially in the Turkish Super League. We examined (a) how variables of home advantage, referee bias, and spectator presence interacted to affect the outcome of past football matches; (b) how these variables have changed over time in the Turkish Super League; (c) and whether home advantage and referee bias differ in matches with spectators and ghost matches (without spectators). We analyzed regular season matches played in the Turkish Super League between the 2014-2015 and 2021-2022 seasons. We found that home teams had a significant advantage over away teams in matches with spectators ( p < .001) and in ghost matches ( p < .05 and p < .001), with small to medium effect sizes ( d = .09 and .34, respectively). Regarding referee bias, away teams received more yellow cards and fewer penalties than home teams in matches with spectators ( p < .001; d = −.10), and away teams received fewer yellow cards than home teams in ghost matches ( p > .05; d = .05). There was no statistically significant difference between home and away teams on number of red cards in either type of match ( p > .05). Thus, our data reveal that home teams have an edge over away teams with and without spectators, but this advantage is reduced during ghost matches (without spectators). We also revealed weak evidence of referee bias in favor of home teams, but only for some variables and only when spectators were present.
Captives of the “Society of Captives”: Working in Solitary Confinement
Authors: Mears Daniel P. , Aranda-Hughes Vivian , Pesta George B. , Brown Jennifer M. , Bales William D.
Published: July 2023

Solitary confinement may affect incarcerated persons. Yet, what is known about those who work in solitary confinement units? Drawing on Sykes’ classic, The society of captives, on the “pains of imprisonment,” we argue that solitary confinement work may adversely affect correctional personnel. This study extends prior work on deprivation theory, solitary confinement, and research on work in prison by testing this argument through analyses of qualitative data. We find that those who work in solitary confinement units report deprivations analogous to what incarcerated persons experience. The article concludes with a call for expanding theoretical and empirical research on solitary confinement and the impacts of contemporary penal practices.
How Perceptions of Parents’ Parenting Behaviors Pave the Way to Somatic Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation Among Adults
Authors: Bekaroğlu Ece , Yılmaz Tuğba
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate adult participants’ reflections on their parents’ parenting behaviors during childhood (parental overprotection and parental rejection), and their current emotion-regulation strategies and somatic symptoms. The study consisted of 627 participants and Somatization subscale of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and Short EMBU Children Form were given to the participants. Four different multiple mediation analyses were conducted to test mediator roles of emotion regulation difficulties between perceptions of the parenting behaviors (parental overprotection and rejection) and somatic symptoms among adults. Participants’ lack of goals and lack of strategies while dealing with negative emotions mediated the relationship between mother/father rejection and somatic symptoms. However, only participants’ lack of strategies while dealing with negative emotions mediated the relationship between mother/father overprotection and somatic symptoms. As a clinical implication, problem-focused coping strategies may assist adults with somatic symptoms. Also, mental health practitioners may focus on perceptions of overprotective and rejecting parental behaviors while formulizing somatic symptoms of the adult patients. Findings, strengths and limitations of this study were discussed in the light of the literature.
A hyper-viscoelastic constitutive model for elastomers: A case study of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber and polychloroprene rubber
Authors: Dhakad Romi , Hipparkar Dattatraya R , Kumar Anil , Chandel Sunil
Published: July 2023

Elastomer materials are widely used as shock absorbers in a variety of practical applications including the automotive, aerospace, marine industries and structures. The straightforward Hooke’s law is insufficient to adequately describe the behavior of elastomeric materials due to their nonlinear elastic and viscous properties. This study proposes a hyper-viscoelastic model to describe the mechanical behavior of Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (HNBR) 62 Duro shore A and Polychloroprene Rubber (PCR) 55 Duro shore A. Six distinct hyperelastic models—Yeoh, Rivlin, Arruda-Boyce, Mooney-Rivlin, Neo-Hookean, and Ogden— are compared herein to explain the nonlinear elastic behavior of elastomers. While the time-dependent characteristics of the considered materials have been described using the four parameters Generalised Maxwell (GM) model. The material parameters of models are determined using the least square fit (LSF) optimization algorithm from the uniaxial, planar, and stress relaxation test data. The stability and suitability of each hyperelastic model is assessed using the Drucker stability. The accuracy of each model is represented by Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of curve fitting between theoretical and experimental data. On this basis, the Ogden order three ( N = 3) model and the four-parameter GM models are selected which well agreed with the experimental test data and they are integrated to generate the hyper-viscoelastic constitutive model. In addition, the hyper-viscoelastic model is used to simulate the HNBR and PCR dampers under shock load. The numerically generated response is finally compared with the experimental test result of natural rubber (NR) 60 IRH from the existing literature to confirm accuracy of the proposed model.
2023 Society for Teaching of Psychology Awards and Recognition Recipients
Authors: Kraybill Jess , Lee Seungyeon , Jia Fanli , Berntsen Leslie
Published: July 2023

This year marks the forty-fourth year of STP's annual Excellence in Teaching Awards Program, the fourth year of both its Civic Engagement Award and its Mentorship of Teachers Award, and the third year of its Promoting Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Award. Each 2023 recipient was selected by a different panel1 and received a plaque and a check for US $1,500 at the Annual Conference on Teaching (ACT) in Pittsburg, PA. We sincerely appreciate all nominators, nominees, and reviewers for their participation in the awards process.
‘You’re too smart to be a publicist’: Perceptions, expectations and the labour of book publicity
Authors: Dane Alexandra , Weber Millicent , Parnell Claire
Published: July 2023

The representation of publicists in popular culture appears to have a direct relationship with how publishing sector publicity staff are perceived by their colleagues and peers, having a distinct knock-on effect to work practices and labour conditions. In this article, we explore these perceptions and, through interviews with eight publicists working in publishing houses in Australia, explore how the work of publicity is commonly misrecognised and undervalued. In framing publicists as cultural intermediaries who contribute to the shaping of cultural tastes, we further illuminate the significant gap between the common gendered perceptions of publicists and the realities of their professional practice.
By Way of Resemblance: On Benjamin’s Daoist Renewal of Dialectics
Authors: Ty M.
Published: July 2023

Channeling affinities with certain motifs of Daoism, Walter Benjamin renews a form of dialectical thought that diffuses ideological notions of progress and grants minimal weight to the ontological distinction of the Subject. In fleeting yet pivotal moments of contact with Chinese aesthetics, Benjamin moves attention toward the practice of ‘thinking by way of resemblance’ – a phenomenon he variously enacts. Calling forth resonances within late-capitalist modernity, he retrieves from Daoist literature a notion of dialectical reversal freed from progressive synthesis, as well as image-repertoires of self-forgetting, which he understands to be irreducible to reification. The Daoist imaginary offers Benjamin resources for breaking open the anthropocentric closure of Hellenic accounts of mimesis. He theorizes similitude more capaciously as something that can flash up across temporally discontinuous phenomena – without deferring to predetermined categories of Being. Benjamin thus recasts resemblance – regarded by Enlightenment rationality as an impoverished mode of cognition – as a medium of historical apprehension that resists the occlusion of transience by the ontology of the victors.
The Association Between Teacher Connection and Flourishing Among Early Adolescents in 25 Countries
Authors: Whitaker Robert C. , Dearth-Wesley Tracy , Herman Allison N. , Benz Thomas L. , Saint-Hilaire Sidney A. , Strup Dean D.
Published: July 2023

We aimed to determine whether early adolescents who report higher levels of teacher connection have a greater prevalence of flourishing and whether this association is present across levels of parent connection. We analyzed cross-sectional data, collected in the International Survey of Children’s Well-Being (2016–2019), from 33,269 11- to 13-year-olds in 25 countries. The teacher connection score, analyzed as quartiles, asked about care, support, and respect from teachers. The flourishing score (range 0–10) was based on items about self-acceptance, purpose in life, positive relations, growth, environmental mastery, and autonomy. The prevalence (95% confidence interval) of flourishing (score > 8) was 66.0% (65.4%, 66.5%). The covariate-adjusted difference in flourishing prevalence between those in highest and lowest quartiles of teacher connection was 26.8% (25.2%, 28.5%). This difference was similar across groups with varying levels of parent connection. Teacher connection may contribute to adolescent flourishing, in addition to academic achievement and the avoidance of negative outcomes.
Insta-Jig: A Quick-fix Chairside Mini-implant Placement Guide
Authors: Nagpal Esha , Mansinghani Nandita , Bajaj Kamal
Published: July 2023

Microimplants have changed the face of orthodontic clinical practice. One of the most important factors in a practice is reduced chairside time for the patient as well as the clinician. This article presents a short clinical tip for accurate placement of microimplant.
Artificial intelligence-enabled evaluating for computer-aided drawings (AMCAD)
Authors: Jianwu Lisa Wang , Yew Lim See , On Lin Kok , Keong Tan Chee , Yuan Sheng Ricky Tan , Sani Sairin Bin , Juan Agnes Tan Hwee
Published: July 2023

AMCAD ( www.amcad.ai ) is a web-enabled artificial intelligence (AI) system created to auto-evaluate students’ computer-aided drawing (CAD) work assignments and help students in self-directed learning. It compares two engineering drawings and highlights the differences (errors) between the two. The errors are classified into two categories: “Missing Line” errors shown in red and “Erroneous Line” errors in blue. AMCAD works in tandem with all CAD software. It uses computer vision technology to convert PDF drawings to raster subimages, and XOR to evaluate quantitatively the best-matched with best-aligned views. AMCAD, whose AI algorithms and web application were developed in Python, shows the comparison results in two display modes: superimpose and side-by-side. To encourage students in self-directed leaning, instructional videos can be included in each CAD work assignment.
The value of dignity: Health insurance, ethics and court cases in Brazil
Authors: Bähre Erik
Published: July 2023

This article examines court cases brought by clients against private health insurance companies and against Brazil’s public health system. When clients take private health insurers to court, they successfully claim that the insurer violated their dignity, which entitles them to a moral damage payment. Similar cases against the state did not include moral damage claims. In relation to public healthcare, it is somehow not possible to equate dignity with economic value. One might conclude that the dignity of consumers in the market is worth more than that of citizens vis-à-vis the state. Instead, I argue for a more subtle approach by concentrating on the ethics of incommensurability. What legal and ethical considerations lead to such a fundamental incommensurability between personhood and economic value? How do the actors involved in court proceedings (claimants, prosecutors, judges, and insurers) perceive the differences between cases against insurance companies and against public health authorities? What can we make of the differences between the legal and everyday understandings of dignity and morality?
Partial wet oxidation of dairy manure as a pretreatment process to produce acetic acid ‘a Source Growth of Methanogens’
Authors: Mainali Kalidas , Haghighi Mood Sohrab , Chen Shulin , Garcia-Perez Manuel
Published: July 2023

Wet oxidation can be an effective process for the pretreatment of complex biomass such as lignocellulose. However, studies on the use of wet oxidation for treating solid waste such as dairy manure are limited. The use of partial wet oxidation to convert dairy manure into low molecular weight carboxylic acids as final products were investigated. This work focuses on the performance of the sub-critical wet oxidation treatment of dairy cattle manure as a conversion/pretreatment process to release matter from the lignocellulosic fraction rather than a destructive process. The operating conditions were controlled at the short residence time and optimal temperature in the presence of oxygen under a pressure of 120 psi. The thermal hydrolysis under wet oxidation significantly affected conversion manure slurry into organic acids. The concentration of acetic acid reached 1778 mg L−1, achieved at 190°C (60 minutes reaction time) as the reaction temperature increased within the range of 150°C–200°C, total organic carbon was reduced and monomers in the process liquids decreased. On the other hand, soluble COD in process liquids increased with an increment in reaction temperature. The results provide insights into technical options to pretreat dairy manure to improve biochemical conversion yield.
Linking Future Decent Work Perceptions With Employment Anxiety: A Psychology of Working Perspective
Authors: Wan Wei , Duffy Ryan D. , Xiong Qing , Wang Chenhao
Published: July 2023

The school-to-work transition can be extraordinarily challenging in the turbulent labor market, and the uncertainty about employment outlooks can cause intense anxiety for college students. Drawing from psychology of working theory (PWT), the current study examined the predictor section of the PWT model in relation to employment anxiety with a sample of impoverished undergraduates in China ( N = 362). Findings suggest that (1) economic constraints were negatively associated with work volition and future decent work perceptions; (2) work volition mediated the relation between economic constraints and future decent work perceptions; (3) future decent work perceptions were negatively related to employment anxiety; and (4) proactive personality and social support attenuated the adverse influence of economic constraints on work volition. Overall, this study contributes to PWT by adding a new outcome (employment anxiety) and also providing evidence of moderation effects. Implications for universities and career counselors are discussed.
Effect of tool concavity on flash formation during fabrication of tubes through friction stir welding
Authors: Sen Debolina , Pal Surjya K , Panda Sushanta K
Published: July 2023

Tubular components are challenging to weld using friction stir welding (FSW) process due to its curvature. In the present work, a novel strategy involving concave shoulder tool with three different concavities (3°, 6° and 9°) coupled with double pass was devised to fabricate longitudinal FSWed tubes of AA5083-O. An increase in concavity resulted in formation of flash and thinning of weld zone (WZ) due to excessive heat generation caused by enhanced tool contact with tube curvature. The flash generation led to the formation of porosity in the WZ. The tool with 6° concavity resulted in spherical pores whereas long and needle shaped pores were witnessed in case of 9° concave tool. However, negligible pores were observed with 3° concave tool leading to excellent WZ strength. Therefore, it was inferred that concave shoulder tool with small concavity along with double pass was suitable for welding tubes using FSW.
Vehicle motion trajectory prediction fusion algorithm with driver adventurousness correction factor based on CS-LSTM
Authors: Xiao Pengbo , Xie Hui , Yan Long
Published: July 2023

Predicting the trajectories of adjacent vehicles plays an important role in the driving safety of adaptive cruise control system. It affects the safety and stability of the vehicle following the target vehicle during the vehicle cruising driving vehicle. However, due to the uncertainty of vehicle dynamics, driver character, and the complexity of the surrounding environment, vehicle trajectory prediction faces great challenges. Hence, a dynamic vehicle trajectory prediction system is proposed based on identifying driver intentions. First, based on a convolution LSTM, the driver adventurousness factor is introduced to describe the driver’s lane-change behavior heterogeneity and improve the accuracy of long-term lane-change trajectory prediction of adjacent lane vehicles. Second, the trajectory prototype predicted trajectory is updated by adjusting the minimum value function until the vehicle model corresponds to the planned sampling trajectory to improve the accuracy of the adjacent lane vehicle’s short-term lane-change trajectory prediction. Finally, the trajectories are fused using the trigonometric fusion algorithm, and the optimal trajectory is the output. The suggested strategy can predict lane-change intentions 2–5 s in advance. The prediction accuracy of the lane-change trajectory was approximately 21% higher than the normal prediction outcomes. The proposed method can be used to improve passenger comfort and the stability of a vehicle following a target vehicle that is separated from the adjacent lane vehicle.
Freudian robots: Artificial intelligence and psychodynamics
Authors: Webb Matthew
Published: July 2023

Objective

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly developing, particularly human-interacting and affective AI systems. Psychodynamic concepts important to human development should be considered in the development of AI systems.

Conclusion

The development of safe and ethical affective artificial intelligence that remains meaningful and flexible should incorporate psychodynamic concepts. Mental health professionals such as psychiatrists and psychotherapists should be involved in the development of AI to provide expert knowledge in the area of psychodynamics.
Cancer Patient Perspectives on the Meaning of Healing and the Clinician as a Healer
Authors: Yang Cindy Y. , Smith Thomas J. , Knowlton Amy R.
Published: July 2023

Background

The experience of living with cancer is marked by suffering and loss, which creates a need for healing. Understanding what healing means to patients and how clinicians can play a role in the healing process is essential to holistic cancer care.

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of cancer patients on the meaning and experiences of healing and the qualities of a clinician and the clinician-patient relationship that are healing.

Methods

A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 14 cancer patients. Participants were asked about their illness experience, definition of healing, qualities of a healer, and relationships with clinicians that were healing. Interview transcripts were coded, and qualitative analysis was conducted to identify major themes.

Results

Participants defined the nature of healing as comprising aspects of physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual well-being. Participants described healing as alleviating pain and symptoms; promoting mental strength, emotional comfort, and spiritual connection; restoring and adapting to losses; and improving quality of life. The qualities of a clinician that contributed to a healing relationship included listening, empathy and compassion, understanding patients’ values and goals, and caring for the patient as a whole person.

Conclusion

Participants viewed healing as physical, psychosocial, and spiritual in nature and an important part of their cancer experience with an emphasis on quality of life. Clinicians played an important role beyond treating the cancer by helping in the healing process through their humanistic qualities and holistic approach to patient care.