bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do NiTi Instruments show Defects before Separation? Defects caused by Torsional Fatigue in Hand and Rotary Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) Instruments which Lead to Failure during Clinical Use
Authors: Kumar Sudhir , Ratnakar P , Chakka NV Murali Krishna , Das Sanjib , Bagchi Anandamy , Anumula Lavanya
Published: January 2013

Aims

Visual and microscopic evaluation of defects caused by torsional fatigue in hand and rotary nickel titanium (NiTi) instruments.

Materials and methods

Ninety-six NiTi greater taper instruments which were routinely used for root canal treatment only in anterior teeth were selected for the study. The files taken include ProTaper for hand use, ProTaper Rotary files and Endowave rotary files. After every use, the files were observed visually and microscopically (Stereomicroscope at 10×) to evaluate the defects caused by torsional fatigue. Scoring was given according to a new classification formulated which gives an indication of the severity of the defect or damage.

Statistical analysis

Data was statistically analyzed using KruskallWallis and Mann-Whitney U test.

Results

Number of files showing defects were more under stereomicroscope than visual examination. But, the difference in the evaluation methods was not statistically significant. The different types of defects observed were bent instrument, straightening/stretching of twist contour and partial reverse twisting. Endowave files showed maximum number of defects followed by ProTaper for hand use and least in ProTaper Rotary.

Conclusion

Visible defects due to torsional fatigue do occur in NiTi instruments after clinical use. Both visual and microscopic examinations were efficient in detecting defects caused due to torsional fatigue. This study emphasizes that all files should be observed for any visible defects before and after every instrumentation cycle to minimize the risk of instrument separation and failure of endodontic therapy.

How to cite this article

Chakka NVMK, Ratnakar P, Das S, Bagchi A, Kumar S, Anumula L. Do NiTi Instruments show Defects before Separation? Defects caused by Torsional Fatigue in Hand and Rotary Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) Instruments which Lead to Failure during Clinical Use. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(6):867-872.
Assessment of Awareness amongst School Teachers regarding Prevention and Emergency Management of Dentoalveolar Traumatic Injuries in School Children in Pune City, before and 3 Months after Dental Educational Program
Authors: Karande Namrata , Bhatia Mitali , Bijle Mohammed Nadeem Ahmed , Bhalla Monika
Published: January 2013

Children have boundless energy, so, they are continuously engaged in some or the other physical activity. It is seen that when child reaches school age, accidents in the school environment in the form of falls, injuries due to contact sports, fights, abuse, etc. are very common and the main cause of traumatic dental injuries. Trauma may vary from minor enamel chipping or avulsion to extensive maxillofacial damage, more serious neck and brain injury, which may cause pain, disfigurement and mental agony, having immediate and long lasting effects.

In such cases, a school teacher is in the right position to handle such an emergency and refer the child to the concerned dental surgeon or a pedodontist for further needful care. The main reason for delayed treatment of dental trauma is that people present at the site of injury are unaware of protocol of rapid and appropriate management leading to improper first aid treatment.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the awareness of a group of school teachers from different schools about the prevention and emergency management of dental trauma in school children, by means of a questionnaire. Then educating them and reassessing their knowledge after a period of 3 months. Unfortunately, the public is unaware of the risks and does not have enough information about first aid emergency treatment or to avoid traumatic injuries.

How to cite this article

Karande N, Shah P, Bhatia M, Lakade L, Bijle MNA, Arora N, Bhalla M. Assessment of Awareness amongst School Teachers regarding Prevention and Emergency Management of Dentoalveolar Traumatic Injuries in School Children in Pune City, before and 3 Months after Dental Educational Program. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(6):873-877.
Managing HIV/Hepatitis Positive Patients: Present approach of Dental Health Care Workers and Students
Authors: Baad Rajendra , Shinde Nagesh , Nagpal Deepak Kumar J , Prabhu Prashant R , Surekha L Chavan , Karande Prasad
Published: January 2013

People with HIV/HBsAg in India frequently encounter discrimination while seeking and receiving health care services. The knowledge and attitudes of health care workers (HCWs) influences the willingness and ability of people with HIV/HBsAg to access care, and the quality of the care they receive. The objective of this study was to asses HIV/HBsAg-related knowledge, attitudes and risk perception among students and dental HCWs. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 250 students and 120 dental HCWs in the form of objective questionnaire. Information was gathered regarding demographic details (age, sex, duration of employment, job category); HIV/ HBsAg-related knowledge and attitudes; risk perception; and previous experience caring for HIV-positive patients. The HCWs in this study generally had a positive attitude to care for the people with HIV/HBsAg. However, this was tempered by substantial concerns about providing care, and the fear of occupational infection with HIV/HBsAg. A continuing dental education program was conducted to resolve all the queries found interfering to provide care to HIV/HBsAg patients. But even after the queries were resolved the care providing capability was not attained. These findings show that even with advanced knowledge and facilities the attitude of dental HCWs and students require more strategic training with regards to the ethics and moral stigma associated with the dreaded infectious diseases (HIV/HBsAg).

How to cite this article

Shinde N, Baad R, Nagpal DKJ, Prabhu PR, Surekha LC, Karande P. Managing HIV/Hepatitis Positive Patients: Present approach of Dental Health Care Workers and Students. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(6): 882-885.
Tissue Resistance to Soft Tissue Emphysema during Minimally Invasive Periodontal Surgery
Authors: Harrel Stephen K , Abraham Celeste M , Rivera-Hidalgo Francisco
Published: January 2013

Aim

The aim of this study was to determine the pressure where oral soft tissue resistance will be overcome resulting in soft tissue emphysema and to measure the safety of an antifouling device for a videoscope used during minimally invasive periodontal surgery.

Materials and methods

Resistance was measured in vitro in porcine tissue. One study arm measured palatal tissue resistance to air applied through a needle. Another arm measured resistance in a surgical access for minimally invasive periodontal surgery (MIS). India ink was placed on the tissue, pressure at 0,3,10,15,20, and 25 pounds/square inch (psi) applied, and penetration of India ink into the tissue was measured. Three trials in three sites were performed at each pressure in both arms of the study.

Results

Pressure applied to palatal tissue through a needle showed no significant penetration of India ink until 15 psi (0.90 ¡Ó 0.24 mm, p = 0.008). Penetration considered clinically significant was noted at 20 and 25 psi (4 to 6 mm, p „T 0.0001). No significant penetration was noted in minimally invasive incisions.

Conclusion

Within the test system, pressures of 15 psi or less seem unlikely to cause soft tissue emphysema. No evidence of tissue emphysema was noted with the videoscope antifouling device.

Clinical significance

The use of pressures greater than 15 pounds per square inch should be avoided during surgical procedures. The antifouling device for a videoscope appears safe for use during minimally invasive periodontal surgery.

How to cite this article

Harrel SK, Abraham CM, Rivera- Hidalgo F. Tissue Resistance to Soft Tissue Emphysema during Minimally Invasive Periodontal Surgery. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(6):886-891.
Endodontic Treatment of Mandibular Canine with Two Roots and Two Canals
Authors: Moogi Prashant P , Hegde Reshma S , Prashanth BR , Kumar G Vinay , Biradar Nandini
Published: January 2013

In majority of cases, mandibular canines have one root and one root canal, although 15% may have two canals. Literature report shows incidence of two-rooted canine as low as 1.7%. This article reports a clinical case of endodontic treatment of mandibular canine with two roots and two canals.

How to cite this article

Moogi PP, Hegde RS, Prashanth BR, Kumar GV, Biradar N. Endodontic Treatment of Mandibular Canine with Two Roots and Two Canals. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(6):902-904.
Maxillary Molar with Two Palatal Canals
Authors: Kumar SV Kiran , Sinha Soumya , Prabha Meghana V , Haragopal Surapaneni
Published: January 2013

The endodontic treatment of maxillary molar with an aberrant root canal morphology can be diagnostically and technically challenging.1 Unusual root canal morphology in multirooted teeth is a constant challenge for diagnosis and successful endodontic treatment. Presence of extra canals, lateral canals, deltas is commonly encountered.2 This case report is presented to illustrate and describe the endodontic treatment of maxillary first molar with an unusual morphological variation of palatal root. The palatal root had two canals that appeared to unite in the apical third of the canal.

How to cite this article

Prabha MV, Sinha S, Kumar SVK, Haragopal S. Maxillary Molar with Two Palatal Canals. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(6):905-907.
Endodontic Management of Two-rooted Mandibular Premolars using Spiral Computed Tomography: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Reddy S Jayaprada , Chandra PV Ravi , Santoshi Lakshmi , Reddy G Vikram
Published: January 2013

Aim

To present a unique case of mandibular first and second premolars with two roots and two root canals with the aid of spiral computed tomography (SCT).

Background

Confirmation of morphology of mandibular first and second premolars with the aid of SCT.

Case description

Mandibular premolars usually have a single root and a single canal. The occurrence of two roots with two separate root canals is extremely rare. The use of SCT in this rare case greatly contributed toward making a confirmatory diagnosis and successful endodontic management.

Conclusion

Successful nonsurgical endodontic management of mandibular first and second premolars with two separate roots and root canals has been presented. In this case, exact root canal anatomy could not be confirmed by using radiographs alone. Hence, the use of SCT helped us in making a confirmatory diagnosis.

Clinical significance

Developmental anomalies can occur in any tooth and two rooted premolars are no exception. The complexity of such teeth has to be considered for planning endodontic treatment using latest diagnostic equipment to increase the chances of success.

How to cite this article

Reddy SJ, Chandra PVR, Santoshi L, Reddy GV. Endodontic Management of Two-rooted Mandibular Premolars using Spiral Computed Tomography: A Report of Two Cases. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(6):908-913.
Biomechanical and Clinical Considerations in correcting Skeletal Class II Malocclusion with ForsusTM
Authors: Sudhakar P , Arora Sunil , Maheshwari Amit , Varma D Praveen Kumar , Adusumilli Sai Prakash , Mummidi Bhaskar , Radhika A
Published: January 2013

Aim

The present case report describes the importance of understanding of biomechanical and clinical considerations in application of Forsus appliance in correction of class II skeletal malocclusion.

Background

Angle's class II malocclusion is one of the most prevailing that may be either skeletal or dental presenting with different clinical manifestations. There are number of appliances to treat such a malocclusion in a growing child. Fixed functional appliances are indicated for class II corrections in patients who report late with minimal residual growth left.

Case description

A case of class II skeletal and dental malocclusion treated with preadjusted edgewise appliance supplemented with Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FRD) (3M Unitek Corp, California, USA) is reported.

Conclusion

Forsus device is an effective alternative in treating moderate skeletal class II malocclusion. The Forsus FRD (3M Unitek Corp, California, USA) can be used instead of class II elastics in mild cases and in place of Herbst appliance in severe cases.

Alteration of force vector by modifying the archwire as shown in this case report while applying Forsus and incorporation of 10 degree labial root torque in lower archwire will minimize the effects on dentition.

Engaging modules or tubing on to the pushrod and leaving 1 to 2 mm clearance between distal end of the upper tube and L-pin as shown in this case report will significantly improve the patient compliance.

Clinical significance

Much emphasis should be given to biomechanical considerations which were discussed in this article while treating patients with Forsus to prevent the unwanted effects.

Clinical considerations and certain modifications advised in this case report should be utilized while treating class II skeletal malocclusions with Forsus appliance to eliminate the patient cooperation factor and make treatment time estimates much more accurate.

How to cite this article

Adusumilli SP, Sudhakar P, Mummidi B, Varma DPK, Arora S, Radhika A, Maheshwari A. Biomechanical and Clinical Considerations in correcting Skeletal Class II Malocclusion with ForsusTM. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012; 13(6):918-924.
An Aggressive Lesion of Anterior Maxilla
Authors: Okade Durga Rajaram , James Leena , Shetty Akshay , Reddy Sudhakara
Published: January 2013

Aim

To understand the aggressiveness of lesions in immunocompromised patients.

Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a non-neoplastic intraosseous lesion, anterior to the molars and more commonly in the mandible. It is an uncommon lesion accounting for less than 7% of all benign jaw lesions found predominantly in children and young adults with a female predilection of about 2:1 ratio.

Case description

A 22-year-old male patient came to the department with a growth in the anterior part of the maxilla with pain, rapid pace of growth and which recurred after initial excision as told to us in the case history.

Conclusion

A diagnosis of CGCG of aggressive nature should be kept in mind, in a young immunocompromised patient.

Clinical significance

A recurrent lesion, with rapid pace of growth, associated with pain, a positive immunodeficient status, lesion in the anterior maxilla in a male patient, we can think of an aggressive CGCG.

How to cite this article

Okade DR, James L, Shetty A, Reddy S. An Aggressive Lesion of Anterior Maxilla. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(6):930-933.
Contemporary Concepts in Treatment Planning, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation of the Maxillofacial Region: An Overview of Methods used in Practice
Authors: Sreekumar AV , Narasimhan HV , Dheeraj D , Darshana D
Published: January 2013

Treatment planning, reconstruction and rehabilitation of maxillofacial and dental defects have always been a challenge for a maxillofacial surgeon. Reconstruction of the oral cavity is often a difficult task as it involves the restoration of both the esthetic or cosmetic form as well as the preoperative function. Understanding the oral cavity anatomy as well the functional capacities of its various subunits is required to achieve good results.

The recent advances in treatment planning, diagnostic imaging and reconstructive techniques, especially in the field of osseointegration, tissue expanders, perforator flaps, microvascular free tissue transfer and bone engineering, have yielded excellent functional and esthetic outcomes. This article provides a brief overview on various advanced reconstructive and rehabilitation techniques available in contemporary clinical practice.

How to cite this article

Narasimhan HV, Dheeraj D, Darshana D, Sreekumar AV. Contemporary Concepts in Treatment Planning, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation of the Maxillofacial Region: An Overview of Methods used in Practice. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(6):938-944.
Sunshine duration climate maps of Belgium and Luxembourg based on Meteosat and in-situ observations
Authors: Journée M. , Demain C. , Bertrand C.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Sunshine duration was historically the traditional parameter to quantify solar radiation. In the present study, we propose to benefit from the measurements made with Campbell-Stokes recorders at 18 sites in Belgium and Luxembourg to generate maps of daily sunshine duration for the period 1995–2005. In order to provide maps with the highest degree of confidence as possible, ancillary data of high spatial resolution derived from Meteosat satellites images are used within the mapping process. Different methods combining in situ sunshine duration measurements and Meteosat-derived data are evaluated. The best performing method is then used to compile a dataset of gridded daily sunshine duration data over Belgium and Luxembourg. The 1995–2005 sunshine duration climate map is finally provided. Various areal mean values are computed and discussed.
Petrophysical characterization of the lacustrine sediment succession drilled in Lake El'gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic
Authors: Gebhardt A. C. , Francke A. , Kück J. , Sauerbrey M. , Niessen F. , Wennrich V. , Melles M.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Seismic profiles of Far East Russian Lake El'gygytgyn which was formed by a meteorite impact some 3.6 million years ago show a stratified sediment succession that can be separated into Subunits Ia and Ib at approximately 167 m below lake floor (= ∼ 3.17 Ma). The former is well-stratified, while the latter is acoustically more massive. The sediments are intercalated with frequent mass movement deposits mainly in the proximal parts, while the distal part is almost free of such deposits at least in the upper part. In spring 2009, a long core drilled in the lake center within the framework of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) penetrated the entire lacustrine sediment succession down to ~ 320 m below lake floor and about 200 m further into the meteorite-impact related bedrock. Downhole logging data down to 390 m below lake floor show that the bedrock and the lacustrine part of the core differ largely in their petrophysical characteristics. The contact between the bedrock and the lacustrine sediments is not abrupt, but rather transitional with a mixture of impact-altered bedrock clasts in a lacustrine matrix with varying percentages. Physical and chemical proxies measured on the cores can be used to divide the lacustrine part into five different clusters. These can be plotted in a redox-condition vs. input type diagram with total organic carbon content and magnetic susceptibility values indicating anoxic or oxic conditions and with the Si/Ti ratio representing more clastic or more biogenic input. Plotting the clusters in this diagram allows identifying clusters that represent glacial phases (Cluster I), super interglacials (Cluster II), and interglacial phases (Clusters III and IV).
Evaluation of WRF-SFIRE performance with field observations from the FireFlux experiment
Authors: Kochanski A. K. , Jenkins M. A. , Mandel J. , Beezley J. D. , Clements C. B. , Krueger S.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. This study uses in-situ measurements collected during the FireFlux field experiment to evaluate and improve the performance of coupled atmosphere-fire model WRF-SFIRE. The simulation of the experimental burn shows that WRF-SFIRE is capable of providing realistic head fire rate-of-spread and the vertical temperature structure of the fire plume, and, up to 10 m above ground level, fire-induced surface flow and vertical velocities within the plume. The model captured the changes in wind speed and direction before, during, and after fire front passage, along with arrival times of wind speed, temperature, and updraft maximae, at the two instrumented flux towers used in FireFlux. The model overestimated vertical velocities and underestimated horizontal wind speeds measured at tower heights above the 10 m, and it is hypothesized that the limited model resolution over estimated the fire front depth, leading to too high a heat release and, subsequently, too strong an updraft. However, on the whole, WRF-SFIRE fire plume behavior is consistent with the interpretation of FireFlux observations. The study suggests optimal experimental pre-planning, design, and execution of future field campaigns that are needed for further coupled atmosphere-fire model development and evaluation.
PRACTISE – Photo Rectification And ClassificaTIon SoftwarE (V.1.0)
Authors: Härer S. , Bernhardt M. , Corripio J. G. , Schulz K.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Terrestrial photography is a cost-effective and easy-to-use method to derive the status of spatially distributed land surface parameters. It can be used to continuously investigate remote and often inaccessible terrain. We focus on the observation of snow cover patterns in high mountainous areas. The high temporal and spatial resolution of the photographs have various applications, e.g. validating spatially distributed snow hydrological models. However, a one to one analysis of projected model results to photographs requires a preceding georectification of the digital camera images. To accelerate and simplify the analysis, we have developed the "Photo Rectification And ClassificaTIon SoftwarE" (PRACTISE) that is available as a Matlab code. The routine requires a digital camera image, the camera location and its orientation, as well as a digital elevation model (DEM) as input. In case of an unknown viewing orientation an optional optimisation routine using ground control points (GCPs) helps to identify the missing parameters. PRACTISE also calculates a viewshed using the DEM and the camera position and it projects the visible DEM pixels to the image plane where they are subsequently classified. The resulting projected and classified image can be directly compared to other projected data and can be used within any geoinformation system. The Matlab routine was tested using observations of the north western slope of the Schneefernerkopf, Zugspitze, Germany. The obtained results have shown that PRACTISE is a fast and user-friendly tool, able to derive the microscale variability of snow cover extent in high alpine terrain, but can also easily be adapted to other land surface applications.
Application of data-based mechanistic modelling for flood forecasting at multiple locations in the Eden catchment in the National Flood Forecasting System (England and Wales)
Authors: Leedal D. , Weerts A. H. , Smith P. J. , Beven K. J.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. The Delft Flood Early Warning System provides a versatile framework for real-time flood forecasting. The UK Environment Agency has adopted the Delft framework to deliver its National Flood Forecasting System. The Delft system incorporates new flood forecasting models very easily using an "open shell" framework. This paper describes how we added the data-based mechanistic modelling approach to the model inventory and presents a case study for the Eden catchment (Cumbria, UK).
Wavefield decomposition and phase space dynamics of the seismic noise at Volcàn de Colima, Mexico: evidence of a two-state source process
Authors: Palo M. , Cusano P.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. We analyse the seismic noise recorded at the Colima Volcano (Mexico) in the period December 2005–May 2006 by four broadband three-component seismic stations. Specifically, we characterize the spectral content of the signal and follow its time evolution along all the data set. Moreover, we infer the properties of the attractor in the phase space by false nearest neighbours analysis and Grassberger–Procaccia algorithm, and adopt a time-domain decomposition method (independent component analysis) to find the basic constituents (independent components) of the system. Constraints on the seismic wavefield are inferred by the polarization analysis. We find two states of the background seismicity visible in different time-intervals that are Phase A and Phase B. Phase A has a spectrum with two peaks at 0.15 Hz and 0.3 Hz, with the latter dominating, an attractor of correlation dimension close to 3, three quasi-monochromatic independent components, and a relevant fraction of crater-pointing polarization solutions in the near-field. In Phase B, the spectrum is preserved but with the highest peak at 0.15 Hz, the attractor has a correlation dimension close to 2, two independent components are extracted, and the polarization solutions are dominated by Rayleigh waves incoming from the southwest direction. We depict two sources acting on the background seismicity that are the microseismic noise loading on the Pacific coastline and a low-energy volcanic tremor. A change in the amplitude of the microseismic noise can induce the switching from a state of the system to the other.
Portais como ambientes de interação para inovação na sociedade do conhecimento
Authors: Inomata Danielly Oliveira , Pintro Sirlene
Published: January 2013

Trata da possibilidade de portais corporativos serem utilizados como ambientes de interação para estímulo ao processo de inovação. Tem como objetivo destacar, a partir de uma reflexão, as características relacionadas aos portais corporativos que os colocam na posição de possíveis ambientes de interação para inovação, buscando demonstrar, a partir de uma verificação, como se encontra a produção de artigos científicos sobre a temática, na área da Ciência da Informação (CI), para isso utiliza como método a proposta estabelecida por Ensslin et al. (2010). Contextualiza o tema na Sociedade do conhecimento, incluindo as grandes transformações tecnológicas desenvolvidas e destaca a necessidade de obtenção de informação e conhecimento para o desenvolvimento do processo de inovação. Aponta a importância de interações para troca de informações e apresenta considerações em relação a esse aspecto. Conclui que os portais corporativos podem atuar como ambientes de interação para troca de informações relacionadas ao processo de inovação e construção do conhecimento, visto que permitem relações virtuais de compartilhamento através das ferramentas hoje disponíveis.
Caracterización del proceso de formación de la cultura artístico-literaria cubana desde la biblioteca universitaria
Authors: Figueredo Figueredo Ana Luisa , Figueredo Matos Maritza de la Caridad , Aponte Cabrera Carlos
Published: January 2013

En el artículo se aborda el proceso de formación de la cultura artístico-literaria  desde la biblioteca universitaria y su influencia en la preparación académica de la comunidad universitaria, formación general integral y enriquecimiento cultural. Se analizan los antecedentes históricos del proceso de formación de la cultura artístico _ literaria cubana desde la biblioteca universitaria y se señalan referentes  sociológicos, gnoseológicos, psicológicos y pedagógicos de este  proceso de formación.
La propiedad intelectual en las universidades brasileñas: Universidad Federal de Goias y Universidad de Brasília
Authors: Anastacio Sabino Geni , Ayuso García Maria Dolores
Published: January 2013

Analiza sobre la importancia de la implementación de una Política de Protección de la Propiedad Intelectual y la diseminación de esa cultura en las universidades, pues la definición de esa política actualmente es un requisito esencial para que las Universidades inviertan en investigaciones tecnológicas patentables que puedan ser transferidas para el sector productivo. La cuestión y la discusión sobre la propiedad intelectual ha movilizado un número cada vez mayor de sectores de la sociedad brasileña donde la capitalización del conocimiento también viene volviéndose la base para el desarrollo económico y social. El artículo presenta una investigación realizada en el ámbito de la Universidad Federal de Goiás (UFG) y Universidad de Brasilia (UnB)-Brasil, a través de un análisis comparativo buscó testar que la existencia de una Política Institucional de Protección a la Propiedad Intelectual resulta en un mayor número de registro de patentes por parte de las universidades. Participaron de la encuesta profesores/investigadores de los diversos Institutos, Facultades y Escuelas de las dos Universidades.
Desarrollando la Editoración Científica en América Latina
Authors: Biblios Editores
Published: January 2013

Entrevista a John Willinsky, docente e investigador de la Escuela de Educación de la Standford Universty y fundador representante del Public Knowledge Project – PKP.
Presentación No.1 2001
Authors: Martínez Juan José Icaza
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i1.730 Revista de Derecho No.1 2001 pp.i
Derecho constitucional, Derechos Humanos y Código Procesal Penal de Nicaragua. Una Interrelación necesaria
Authors: Calderón Marenco Olga Margine , Chamorro Fletes Rafael
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i1.732 Revista de Derecho No.1 2001 pp.25-34
El nuevo Código Procesal: Del proceso inquisitivo al proceso acusatorio
Authors: Aráuz Ulloa Manuel
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i1.734 Revista de Derecho No.1 2001 pp.35-52
La formulación y el control jurisdiccional de la acusación
Authors: Jiménez Vásquez Carlos María
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i1.737 Revista de Derecho No.1 2001 pp.121-148
La victima en el proceso penal nicaragüense
Authors: Macías Cano Suheid Azucena
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i1.738 Revista de Derecho No.1 2001 pp.149-172
La intervención de las comunicaciones telefónicas y la interceptación de comunicaciones escritas, telegráficas y electrónicas como medios de prueba en el nuevo proceso penal
Authors: Moreno Castillo María Asunción
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i1.739 Revista de Derecho No.1 2001 pp.173-200
El Nuevo Código Procesal Penal Nicaragüense de 2001: Sus Rasgos Más Característicos
Authors: Colomer Juan-Luis Gómez
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i1.741 Revista de Derecho No.1 2001 pp.237-252
El principio de proporcionalidad y su recepción en el Código Procesal Penal de Nicaragua
Authors: Arroyo Gutiérrez José Manuel
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i1.743 Revista de Derecho No.1 2001 pp.263-274
La reforma de la justicia penal en Nicaragua: resultados y retos
Authors: Aguilar Marvin
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i1.744 Revista de Derecho No.1 2001 pp.275-282
La subjetividad internacional pasiva del individuo
Authors: Guerrero Mayorga Orlando
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i3.713 Revista de Derecho No.3 2002 pp.1-19
Las Leyes de Amnistía y los Derecho Humanos
Authors: Montiel Arguello Alejandro
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i3.714 Revista de Derecho No.3 2002 pp.21-24
La evolución del concepto jurídico de patrimonio regional centroamericano y el Tratado marco de Seguridad Democrática en Centroamérica
Authors: Herdocia Sacasa Mauricio
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i3.715 Revista de Derecho No.3 2002 pp.25-39
El Impacto Regulatorio de la Globalizacion: Una Aproximación desde las Comunicaciones
Authors: Wallace-Salinas Arturo
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i3.716 Revista de Derecho No.3 2002 pp.41-55
La Cooperación Necesaria y la Complicidad en la Ultima Reforma y Adicion al Codigo Penal del 2002
Authors: Aráuz Ulloa Ismael Manuel , Moreno Castillo María Asunción
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i3.718 Revista de Derecho No.3 2002 pp.89-131
Breves Notas Históricas y Dogmáticas sobre la Extensión Resarcitoria del Daño (Artículo 1866 del Código Civil)
Authors: Guzmán García Jairo José
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i3.720 Revista de Derecho No.3 2002 pp.149-186
La Importancia de Impulsar las Leyes de Propiedad Intelectual y Estrategias a Implementar
Authors: Bendaña Guerrero Guy José
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i3.721 Revista de Derecho No.3 2002 pp.187-203
Damnum Iniuria Datum
Authors: Herrera Espinoza Jesús Jusseth
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i3.722 Revista de Derecho No.3 2002 pp.205-220
La Gestion Colectiva de los Derechos Patrimoniales Derecho de Autor y Derechos Conexos
Authors: Orúe Cruz José René
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i3.723 Revista de Derecho No.3 2002 pp.221-240
Globalización, Mercado Laboral y Desregulación de las Relaciones Laborales
Authors: Malespín Martínez Fernando
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i3.725 Revista de Derecho No.3 2002 pp.259-272
Problématiser en classe d’histoire à l’école élémentaire : deux exemples de situations scolaires
Authors: Le Bourgeois-Viron Roselyne , Rebiffé Catherine
Published: January 2013

Le récit de l’histoire enseigné à l’école est en général peu problématisé. La réalisation de séquences d’apprentissage à l’occasion d’une recherche collaborative sur l’argumentation associant des didacticiens de français et d’histoire ainsi que l’enseignante de la classe a été l’occasion de penser des moments qui prêtent à discussion. Trois extraits de corpus illustrent des questions construites par les élèves à partir de situations conçues à cet effet. La durée des échanges et l’attention portée aux mouvements discursifs construisant peu à peu les objets de discours ont mis au jour les compétences langagières et argumentatives des élèves et le rôle du maître autant dans la construction du problème initial que dans la capacité à faire surgir et à accompagner la mise en question de notions historiques.
Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis with Chinese Scalp Acupuncture
Authors: Hao Jason Jishun , Cheng Wei , Liu Ming , Li He , Lü Xiaolin , Sun Zhongren
Published: January 2013

Chinese scalp acupuncture is a contemporary acupuncture technique with just 40 years of history. It integrates traditional Chinese needling methods with Western medical knowledge of the cerebral cortex and has been proven to be a very effective technique for treating multiple sclerosis (MS) and other central nervous system disorders. A 65-year-old male patient who had had MS for 20 years was treated with Chinese scalp acupuncture. The motor area, sensory area, foot motor and sensory area, balance area, hearing and dizziness area, and tremor area were stimulated once a week for 10 weeks, then once a month for six sessions. After the 16 treatments, the patient showed remarkable improvements. He was able to stand and walk without any problems. The numbness and tingling in his limbs did not bother him anymore. He had more energy and had not experienced incontinence of urine or dizziness after the first treatment. He was able to return to work full time. At this writing, the patient has been in remission for 26 months. This case demonstrates that Chinese scalp acupuncture can be a very effective treatment for patients with MS. Chinese scalp acupuncture holds the potential to expand treatment options for MS in both conventional and complementary or integrative therapies. It can not only relieve symptoms, increase the patient's quality of life, and slow and reverse the progression of physical disability but also reduce the number of relapses and help patients with multiple sclerosis to remain in remission.
Effects of Eurythmy Therapy in the Treatment of Essential Arterial Hypertension: A Pilot Study
Authors: Zerm Ronald , Lutnæs-Mast Froeydis , Mast Heiner , Girke Matthias , Kröz Matthias
Published: January 2013

Introduction:

Although eurythmy therapy (ET) has been used in the context of anthroposophic medicine (AM) for the treatment of, among other conditions, arterial hypertension (AH) for more than 80 years, there are as yet no studies on its effectiveness on disease entity. However, it has been shown that ET can increase heart rate variability comparably to ergometer training.

Objective:

To determine whether a 10-week course of ET has an impact on AH and if so, to determine the strength of the effect. The impact of ET on state-autonomic regulation, self-regulation, internal coherence, and quality of life is also explored.

Methods:

Consecutive inclusion of 9 subjects (6 female, 3 male, mean age of 64 years, SD 8.26) with AH diagnosed by their general practitioners. Inclusion criteria: no or unchanged antihypertensive medication from 4 weeks prior to the start of the study until the end of the study. ET was carried out with weekly instruction along with a daily, home-based program for 10 weeks with specific exercises. Twenty-four—hour blood pressure (BP) measuring was carried out, and the questionnaires were administered before and after the intervention. In addition, after a further 6 months during which 8 of the 9 patients carried on with the exercises of their own accord, the aforementioned parameters were assessed for a third time.

Results:

Parameters of the 24-hour BP measurements show a moderate, but not significant, improvement immediately after the intervention and 6 months after the intervention. After the 10-week intervention, we saw an improvement of the State-autonomic Regulation questionnaire, the subscale on “Rest/Activity regulation,” of the Self-regulation questionnaire, and the subscale “Initiative and Interest” of the Herdecke Quality of Life Questionnaire (HLQ) (all P < .045). After the 6-month post-study observation period, the aforementioned parameters improved further still, and an additional, significant improvement was seen for the Trait-autonomic Regulation subscale “Rest/Activity regulation,” the HLQ-sum score, and the HLQ subscales “social interaction,” “mental balance,” and “physical ability.”

Conclusion:

A 10-week course of ET does not result in a significant improvement in BP. The average BP measurements improved postintervention by an absolute 3.2/2.0 mmHg and after 6 months of independent continuation of ET by 6.3/4.4 mmHg (systolic/diastolic). Despite the small group size, the regulation and quality-of-life parameters improved significantly after the intervention and further still after the 6-month observation period. The results need to be validated with larger patient collectives and control groups.
Yoga in the Real World: Perceptions, Motivators, Barriers, and Patterns of Use
Authors: Quilty Mary T. , Saper Robert B. , Goldstein Richard , Khalsa Sat Bir S.
Published: January 2013

Background:

Yoga is a mind-body exercise practiced by nearly 16 million US adults. Clinical yoga research has yielded promising findings in physical and mental health outcomes. However, research in non-patient populations is limited. The purpose of this study is to survey a non-clinical population to better understand yoga use in a real-world setting.

Methods:

This study used a pre-post test design in a convenience sample of adults registered for a 4-week beginner yoga program within a network of five yoga studios in Austin, Texas. Students were linked via e-mail to baseline and endpoint surveys. Analyses were descriptive.

Results:

Six hundred four students completed the baseline survey, and 290 (48%) completed the 4-week endpoint survey. Baseline demographics were similar to those in national surveys, with respondents being primarily female (86%), white (88%), and college educated (78%). The primary barrier to practice was time (55%). Respondents perceived yoga primarily as an exercise activity (92%), spiritual activity (73%), or a way to manage or treat a health condition (50%). Main reasons for taking yoga were general wellness (81%), physical exercise (80%), and stress management (73%). Ninety-eight percent believed yoga would improve their health, with 28% taking yoga to alleviate a health condition. On average, respondents practiced 3 to 4 hours/week in and out of class.

Conclusions:

Respondent demographics were consistent with national survey data. Data show that yoga is perceived several ways. Information on practice patterns provides new information, which may improve understanding of how non-clinical populations incorporate yoga into daily life for health management.
Formaldehyde
Authors: Gerberich H. Robert , Seaman George C. ,   Updated by Staff
Published: January 2013

Formaldehyde is the first of the series of aliphatic aldehydes. It was discovered by Butlerov in 1859 and has been manufactured since the beginning of the twentieth century. At ordinary temperatures formaldehyde is a colorless gas with a pungent odor. Because of its relatively low cost, high purity, and variety of chemical reactions, formaldehyde has become on of the world's most important industrial and research chemicals. Historically, formaldehyde has been and continues to be manufactured from methanol via the silver catalyst process or the the metal oxide catalyst process. New processes are under development. Sources of human exposure to formaldehyde are many, ie, engine exhaust, tobacco smoke, natural gas, waste incineration, etc. It is known to be a human carcinogen. Formaldehyde is a basic chemical building block for the production of a wide range of chemicals. Its biggest use is in the production of industrial resins; urea‐formaldhyde; phenol formaldehyde; and melamine formaldehyde. It is also used, eg, in the production of 1,4‐butanediol, polyols, chelating agents, slow release fertilizers, hexamethylenetetramine, and paraformaldehyde.
Abeyance
Authors: Taylor Verta , Crossley Alison Dahl
Published: January 2013

Abeyance depicts a holding pattern in which a social movement manages to sustain itself and mount a challenge to authorities in a hostile political and cultural environment, thereby providing continuity from one stage of mobilization to another. Abeyance carries with it the connotation of movement decline, failure, and demobilization relative to peaks of mobilization. When a movement declines, it does not necessary disappear. Rather, pockets of movement activity may continue to exist and can serve as starting points of a new cycle of the same or a new movement at a later point in time. During periods of abeyance, movements sustain themselves but develop distinct repertoires of contention that are different from the mobilizing structures and tactical repertoires of movements in a stage of mass mobilization. A social movement in abeyance may provide linkages to new rounds of mobilization through
activist networks
, an established
repertoire of goals and tactics
, and by constructing a
collective identity
that can serve as a symbolic resource for subsequent mobilization.
Altruism and Social Movements
Authors: Passy Florence
Published: January 2013

What is altruism? Since the 1990s scholars have agreed to define altruism as acts that seek toincrease another's welfare. Those acts are performedvoluntarilywithout external constraints or coercion, with theintentionof helping someone else, andwithout expecting any rewards(Simmons 1991). These are the four components of altruistic acts.
Catnets
Authors: Diani Mario
Published: January 2013

The expression “catnet” merges two distinct concepts, “categories” and “networks.” It was forged by Harrison White in the context of his attempt to develop an approach to the study of social structure that departed from the Parsonian view of attitudes and values as the driving forces behind patterns in human behavior. Alternatively, and also distancing himself from purely interactionist views of structure, White proposed that the building blocks of social structure be collectivities constituted by the intersection of specific patterns of interaction and categorical traits, on which boundary definition could be founded (White 2008).
Civil Disobedience
Authors: Tescione Sara
Published: January 2013

Civil disobedience refers to a public, nonviolent, contentious yet political act contrary to law, usually done with the aim of bringing about a change in the law or policies of a government.
Coalitions
Authors: Van Dyke Nella
Published: January 2013

Virtually all social movements involve organizations which sometimes work together on a common task, in what can be called a coalition. Coalitions take many forms; sometimes they are formal and endure for years, at other times they involve only temporary alliances that disband at the conclusion of an event. No matter what their form, coalitions are critically important for collective action, and a complete understanding of social movement dynamics is impossible without knowledge of organizational alliances and the factors that inspire or inhibit their formation.
Co‐Optation
Authors: Coy Patrick G.
Published: January 2013

As social and political movements gain enough strength to seriously challenge the more powerful forces that legitimate and protect status quo arrangements in a country, a society, an institution, an agency, an organization, or other social system, those in authority who are being challenged may reach out to and attempt to bring the challengers into the system as participants. This formalized inclusion of challengers into the authority system that they are challenging is the essence of co‐optation. An early and influential work on understanding co‐optation is Philip Selznik's (1949) study of how the Tennessee Valley Authority targeted and eventually absorbed local elites and community activists into its administrative structure in order to transform local opposition to TVA policies into support for those policies. Gamson's (1990) analysis of 53 challenging groups, in which he defined co‐optation as challengers gaining access to the public policy process but without achieving actual policy changes, is also important.
Countercultures
Authors: Haenfler Ross
Published: January 2013

The term counterculture describes a variety of social subgroups possessing distinctive norms and values in opposition to the widely accepted beliefs and practices of the dominant culture. Countercultures espouse primarily a cultural, rather than explicitly political, challenge commonly enacted through alternative lifestyles rather than direct challenges to institutional authority structures such as governments or corporations. While the term is widely used in both scholarly and pop culture contexts, its usage is imprecise. In the context of social movement studies, countercultures may be considered as a type of social movement (e.g., forms of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender movements), part of a social movement (e.g., cultural feminism), separate from but overlapping with social movements (e.g., hippies and the New Left), or more distinct from movements and conceptually closer to subcultures (e.g., punk). Contemporary definitions of social movements are broad enough to include the sorts of collective behavior typically labeled countercultural, sometimes called
countercultural movements
. Specifically, countercultures are extra‐institutional challenges to
cultural
(rather than
institutional
) authority structures, generally informally organized yet having some degree of continuity (see Snow, Soule, & Kriesi 2004).
Democracy Inside Social Movements
Authors: della Porta Donatella
Published: January 2013

Although social movements have been said to propose alternative visions of democracy, social movement studies have only rarely addressed the issue of democracy in movements, from either the empirical or the normative point of view.