bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weekly-gridded Aquarius L-band radiometer/scatterometer observations and salinity retrievals over the polar regions: applications for cryospheric studies
Authors: Brucker L. , Dinnat E. , Koenig L. S.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. Passive and active observations at L band (frequency ~1.413 GHz) from the Aquarius/SAC-D mission offer new capabilities to study the polar regions. However, due to the lack of polar-gridded products, applications over the cryosphere are limited. To allow for an efficient use of the Aquarius data over the polar regions, and to move forward our understanding of the L-band observations of ice sheet, sea ice, permafrost, and polar oceans, we present three weekly-polar-gridded products. Aquarius data at latitudes higher than 50° were averaged and gridded into three weekly products of Brightness Temperature (TB), Normalized Radar Cross Section (NRCS), and Sea Surface Salinity (SSS). These products are suited for cryospheric studies, and each grid cell contains sea ice fraction and the standard deviation of TB, NRCS, and SSS along with the number of footprint observations collected during the seven-day cycle. The data sets are produced on the version 2.0 Equal-Area Scalable Earth (EASE2.0) grid, with a grid cell resolution of 36 km. This paper describes the products, and presents maps and time series of Aquarius weekly-gridded data over the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, sea ice in both hemispheres, subarctic land where seasonal snow and frozen soil may exist, and the polar oceans. A brief analysis of L-band observations is given to encourage future use of the products. They can be used for improving our understanding of low microwave frequency observations, and for the development of algorithms. The new weekly-polar-gridded datasets start in August 2011, with the first Aquarius observations, and it is anticipated that they will be updated on a monthly basis following the release schedule of the Level 2 data sets.
Recircumscription of the Nepenthes alata group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae), in the Philippines, with four new species
Authors: Cheek Martin , Jebb Matthew
Published: December 2013

An overview of Nepenthes in the Philippines is presented. Four new species, Nepenthes extincta sp. nov., N. kitanglad sp. nov., N. kurata sp. nov. and N. leyte sp. nov. are described and illustrated from the Philippines and placed in the Nepenthes alata group. An updated circumscription and key to the species of the group is provided. Delimitation and comparison with the Regiae group is given. All four of the newly described species are assessed as threatened using the International Union for the Conservation of Nature 2012 standard, and one, N. extincta sp. nov. is considered likely to be already extinct due to open-cast mining. Logging and conversion of forest habitat are thought to be the main threats to the other three species.
Reconstituição do sistema de transporte de água associado à lavra de ouro durante o período colonial nos arredores de Guarulhos, SP, Brasil
Authors: Pérez-Aguilar Annabel , Juliani Caetano , Andrade Márcio Roberto Magalhães de , Barros Edson José de
Published: December 2013

As regiões de Guarulhos, Jaraguá, Pirapora do Bom Jesus, Sorocaba e Paranaguá são apontadas por diversos autores como pioneiras na explotação de ouro durante o período colonial brasileiro. O intervalo 1553 a 1597 pode ser considerado o marco inicial do primeiro ciclo da mineração de ouro, que durou cerca de 200 anos. Em Guarulhos o ouro foi lavrado principalmente em sedimentos de aluviões, colúvios, elúvios, material saprolítico e veios de quartzo associados às rochas do Grupo Serra do Itaberaba, uma sequência meta-vulcanossedimentar do Mesoproterozoico. Dez dutos e um túnel nos arredores de Guarulhos constituem registros arqueológicos da lavra de ouro dessa época. Tais construções estão relacionadas espacial e temporalmente com barragens, bancadas de lavra, frentes de lavra, canais, valas, áreas de lavagem e separação de ouro, pilhas de rejeito de cascalho e vestígios de paredes de pedra. A atividade de mineração causou modificações de escala variada na paisagem, por ações relacionadas com o desmonte de encostas, abandono de frentes de lavra e alargamento de vales. A correlação dos dutos e túnel com diversas outras estruturas arqueológicas permitiu caracterizá-los como parte integrante do sistema de transporte de água do processo da lavra de ouro, intimamente associados às bacias hidrográficas do Ribeirão Tomé Gonçalves e dos córregos Guavirituba, Tanque Grande e Guaraçau. Os dutos, localizados nas cabeceiras das bacias hidrográficas, tinham como finalidade conduzir por gravidade a água armazenada em barragens, indispensável à explotação de ouro a jusante. A função do túnel era prover com água a lavra de uma encosta com minério essencialmente coluvionar. Os resultados aqui obtidos fazem parte de um projeto amplo que visa resgatar, recuperar, divulgar e preservar registros de grande valor arqueológico, mineiro, geológico, histórico e cultural no âmbito do Geoparque Ciclo do Ouro de Guarulhos. O conjunto destes registros auxilia na difícil tarefa de resgatar a história dos primórdios do Brasil Colônia e de seu primeiro Ciclo do Ouro, geralmente ignorados pelos historiadores.
Zoneamento das áreas susceptíveis aos movimentos de massa no município de Tarrafal, Ilha de Santiago, Cabo Verde
Authors: Spínola Herculano , Victoria Sónia
Published: December 2013

Este trabalho consiste numa análise dos elementos do meio natural e antrópico do Município de Tarrafal, extremo norte da Ilha de Santiago, Cabo Verde, com o objetivo de elaborar uma carta de zoneamento das áreas susceptíveis aos movimentos de massa utilizando o método AHP (Análise de Processos Hierárquica) e ferramentas de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG). O método AHP é um método de análise multicriterial baseado na ponderação ativa, ou seja, onde os diversos atributos relevantes de uma área são representados a partir de sua importância relativa. O potencial das informações abstraídas da carta de zoneamento evidencia que essa análise torna-se cada vez mais uma prática imprescindível para os estudos de instabilidade geotécnica, tendo em vista a necessidade de monitoramento de áreas sujeitas a constantes intervenções humanas. Essa carta poderá ser utilizada na tomada de decisões em nível municipal e no âmbito da defesa civil, bem como para o desenvolvimento de outros tipos de cartografia, como a de perigo e de risco.
Significado paleoambiental da família anemiaceae no cretáceo do Brasil: inferências a partir de dados palinológicos
Authors: Duarte Sarah Gonçalves , Arai Mitsuru , Wanderley Maria Dolores
Published: December 2013

O presente trabalho discute o significado paleoambiental da Família Anemiaceae, a partir das associações palinológicas cretáceas que contêm esporos do gênero Cicatricosisporites, presentes em diversas bacias sedimentares brasileiras - Sanfranciscana, Parnaíba, Paraná, Almada e Pernambuco-Paraíba. Nas formações Areado e Codó, respectivamente das bacias Sanfranciscana e Parnaíba, a presença de palinomorfos terrestres, aliada à abundância de Classopollis em grãos isolados e em tétrade, indica deposição próxima à área-fonte em ambiente continental de clima árido e quente. A presença de Cicatricosisporites, porém sem representatividade estatística, sugere condições avessas a esse clima. Todavia, em algumas amostras da Formação Codó, observou-se a ausência de Classopollis e a presença abundante de triletes lisos e ornamentados - inclusive Cicatricosisporites - e de Perotriletes, o que sugere fases mais úmidas. No Grupo Bauru (Bacia do Paraná) apenas um exemplar de Cicatricosisporites foi registrado, em meio à abundância de grãos efedroides típicos de ambiente árido, e de triletes cingulados e zonados, indicadores de clima úmido, o que sugere uma sazonalidade no regime pluviométrico. Nas formações Urucutuca (Bacia de Almada) e Gramame (Bacia de Pernambuco-Paraíba), a presença de palinoforaminíferos e dinoflagelados indica deposição em ambiente marinho, embora grãos de origem continental também sejam encontrados. No caso da Formação Urucutuca, Cicatricosisporites foi o táxon mais abundante entre os palinomorfos continentais. Conclui-se que Cicatricosisporites pode ser indicador de ambiente moderadamente úmido, uma vez que ocorre frequentemente associado a esporos triletes lisos e ornamentados e Perotriletes. Porém, quando está associado a grãos indicadores de clima árido e seco, sua presença geralmente é estatisticamente insignificante.
Neoformação de fosfato de cálcio e comportamento da solubilização do fósforo no processo Humifert
Authors: Silverol Aline Carneiro , Toledo Maria Cristina Motta de , Silva Wilson Tadeu Lopes da
Published: December 2013

O processo Humifert é um método alternativo de fabricação de compostos fertilizantes que visa o melhor aproveitamento da rocha fosfática, um recurso natural não renovável. A vantagem do processo é não apresentar limitações em relação ao teor de P2O5 e, assim, viabilizar economicamente a exploração do minério fosfático e/ou rejeitos dessa mineração. O processo utiliza materiais fosfáticos e orgânicos para produzir compostos organo-fosfatados. Neste trabalho, os compostos gerados a partir de uma mistura de rocha fosfática e lodo de esgoto mostraram uma tendência de aumento não linear na solubilidade do fósforo no decorrer do tempo de reação, possivelmente relacionado à dinâmica das transformações biogeoquímicas. Análises por difratometria de raios-X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura mostraram a neoformação de fases fosfáticas. Nas etapas onde o fósforo e o cálcio encontram-se imobilizados em neoformações inorgânicas, por exemplo na fase sintética similar à brushita, a solubilidade é menor. Por outro lado, quando o fósforo não estiver fortemente fixado a extração é facilitada. Esta complexa situação envolve a cinética das reações, que, uma vez ainda não controlada nos procedimentos de operação do reator, pode provocar diferentes graus de ataque. Os resultados indicam que o processo Humifert pode ser eficiente para converter formas menos solúveis de fósforo em mais solúveis, as quais associadas à matéria orgânica, podem gerar compostos fertilizantes mais interessantes do ponto de vista ambiental e econômico.
Copper Pigment-Making in the Atacama Desert (Northern Chile)
Authors: Marcela Sepúlveda R. , Valentina Figueroa L. , Pagés-Camagna Sandrine
Published: December 2013

Results of physico-chemical analysis of samples of rock paintings and blue and green pigments from the Atacama Desert (northern Chile) allow us to incorporate a new technology, pigment production, to processes of mining and copper production, which until now have been related only to lapidary and metal working. Archaeological contexts associated with paints and pigments, as well as information available from historical times, allow us to suggest hypotheses about their importance in sharing networks of late prehispanic times (A.D. 900—1550) and after Spanish contact. In these times, the production and circulation of pigments would have closely connected the Upper Loa region to the Lípez region in south-western Bolivia and other regions of the Atacama Desert.
Colaboración 2.0: El futuro de la divulgación científica
Authors: Parra Castillo Sergio
Published: December 2013

La divulgación científica debe afrontar un nuevo escenario donde la escasez de información ha sido sustituida por la abundancia de información, que además empieza a ser generalmente gratuita y producida por aficionados y, en algunos casos, con la misma o superior calidad que la profesional. Parece imponerse, en consecuencia, una colaboración entre el ámbito profesional y aficionado, cuya línea divisoria ya se ha desdibujado.
Botànica per a després d’una guerra: el viatge de Joan Salvador i Antoine de Jussieu per Espanya i Portugal
Authors: Folch Ramon
Published: December 2013

Entre 1716 i 1717 l’apotecari barceloní Joan Salvador i Riera i Antoine de Jussieu, professor de botànica del Jardin du Roi de París van recórrer els camins d’Espanya i Portugal, adés en calessa, adés a lloms de mula per fer «observacions botàniques». Aquest article presenta una breu ressenya de la nissaga dels Salvador i descriu sumàriament el viatge dels dos naturalistes.
Dones intrèpides... i sàvies. Europees a Àfrica
Authors: Llopart Dolors
Published: December 2013

L’accés de les dones a professions tingudes tradicionalment per pròpies d’homes com la medicina, el professorat i també la recerca ha estat problemàtic fins a dates relativament recents. Algunes, tanmateix, com les tres presentades com a exemple a l’article, han esdevingut pioneres en disciplines i espais dels més difícils i compromesos.
Lorenzo Muelas y el constitucionalismo indígena “desde abajo”: una retrospectiva crítica sobre el proceso constituyente de 1991
Authors: Santamaría Chavarro Ángela
Published: December 2013

This paper focuses on indigenous newcomers to the political field in the 1990’s. Drawing on the repertoire of human rights and the principle of self-determination, they have tried to penetrate such field in order to subvert the hierarchy of political competition. These representatives, initially dominated, managed to be part of the constitutional drafting. Although their social position in that stage was far from ideal, they were able to generate interactions with traditional and nontraditional elites, using a scenario of “political opportunity structure”, which made it possible for agents such as Lorenzo Muelas to initiate partnerships and negotiate projects for a new unprecedented political agreement. In that way, indigenous people managed to turn around the ancient ethnic capital stigma.
La movilización social en tiempos de la Constitución: feministas, indígenas y víctimas de crímenes de Estado ante la Corte Constitucional colombiana
Authors: Sandoval Rojas Nathalia
Published: December 2013

This paper studies three mobilization episodes in which indigenous, feminists and state crimes victims litigated before the Constitutional Court. After showing which effects can be founded using a perspective focused on the study of judicial decisions, we propose a broader approach to their study that conceives the constitutional legal mobilizations as truly collective actions. The paper states that, from that standpoint, it is possible to identify how the interaction between the State and these three movements has change, as well as their internal transformations.
El sistema de partidos de Honduras tras la crisis política de 2009. ¿El fin del bipartidismo
Authors: Otero Felipe Patricia
Published: December 2013

In this paper I analyze the changes in the Honduran party system after the political crisis that took place in 2009. I also examine both its causes and its consequences. Firstly, I show the problems regarding the political representation of the party system activated in 2009 during the proposal of the fourth ballot box. Secondly, I discuss the main and immediate results of this crisis: on the one hand, the internal division of the political parties, specially the Liberal Party, that underwent an internal division; on the other hand, the emergence of four new political parties (Libre, Faper, PAC, and Alianza Patriótica). The primary and internal elections in 2012 have shown the recovery of both traditional parties (PLH y PNH) but have also unveiled the electoral strength of the new party Libre, an element that preludes a scenario of significant changes for the Honduran party system.
Rasgrp1 mutation increases naïve T-cell CD44 expression and drives mTOR-dependent accumulation of Helios+ T cells and autoantibodies
Authors: Daley Stephen R , Coakley Kristen M , Hu Daniel Y , Randall Katrina L , Jenne Craig N , Limnander Andre , Myers Darienne R , Polakos Noelle K , Enders Anselm , Roots Carla , Balakishnan Bhavani , Miosge Lisa A , Sjollema Geoff , Bertram Edward M , Field Matthew A , Shao Yunli , Andrews T Daniel , Whittle Belinda , Barnes S Whitney , Walker John R , Cyster Jason G , Goodnow Christopher C , Roose Jeroen P
Published: December 2013

Missense variants are a major source of human genetic variation. Here we analyze a new mouse missense variant, Rasgrp1Anaef, with an ENU-mutated EF hand in the Rasgrp1 Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor. Rasgrp1Anaef mice exhibit anti-nuclear autoantibodies and gradually accumulate a CD44hi Helios+ PD-1+ CD4+ T cell population that is dependent on B cells. Despite reduced Rasgrp1-Ras-ERK activation in vitro, thymocyte selection in Rasgrp1Anaef is mostly normal in vivo, although CD44 is overexpressed on naïve thymocytes and T cells in a T-cell-autonomous manner. We identify CD44 expression as a sensitive reporter of tonic mTOR-S6 kinase signaling through a novel mouse strain, chino, with a reduction-of-function mutation in Mtor. Elevated tonic mTOR-S6 signaling occurs in Rasgrp1Anaef naïve CD4+ T cells. CD44 expression, CD4+ T cell subset ratios and serum autoantibodies all returned to normal in Rasgrp1AnaefMtorchino double-mutant mice, demonstrating that increased mTOR activity is essential for the Rasgrp1Anaef T cell dysregulation.
The Professionalization of the Field of Education in Sweden: A Historical Analysis
Authors: Nilsson-Lindström Margareta , Beach Dennis
Published: December 2013

This article analyses the professionalization of the education field in Sweden from a historical perspective by tracing efforts towards professionalization of teaching from a clerically consecrated to a scientifically grounded praxis. Some of these efforts seem to be fairly typical for welfare states like Sweden. However, others are more unique, such as the state ambition to create a unified teacher profession based on a scientific knowledge base across elementary and grammar school teacher categories. This ambition failed. Some reasons are speculatively discussed primarily from a Bourdieuan perspective in terms of different teacher habitus, education capital and professionalization strategies among teachers in different positions in the field of education. Primary and secondary data sources are used but National Policy Documents have formed the main data source.
Beam Steering at Higher Photonic Bands and Design of a Directional Cloak Formed by Photonic Crystals
Authors: Subramanian V. , Yogesh N.
Published: December 2013

Beam steering due to anomalous dispersion at higher photonic bands in dielectric photonic crystal is reported in this work. Based on this concept, directional cloak is designed that conceals a larger dimensional scattering object against the normal incident, linearly polarizedelectromagnetic waves.
Application of spectral analysis techniques in the intercomparison of aerosol data. Part II: Using maximum covariance analysis to effectively compare spatiotemporal variability of satellite and AERONET measured aerosol optical depth
Authors: Li Jing , Carlson Barbara E. , Lacis Andrew A.
Published: December 2013

Moderate Resolution Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MODIS) and Multi‐angle Imaging Spectroradiomater (MISR) provide regular aerosol observations with global coverage. It is essential to examine the coherency between space‐ and ground‐measured aerosol parameters in representing aerosol spatial and temporal variability, especially in the climate forcing and model validation context. In this paper, we introduce Maximum Covariance Analysis (MCA), also known as Singular Value Decomposition analysis as an effective way to compare correlated aerosol spatial and temporal patterns between satellite measurements and AERONET data. This technique not only successfully extracts the variability of major aerosol regimes but also allows the simultaneous examination of the aerosol variability both spatially and temporally. More importantly, it well accommodates the sparsely distributed AERONET data, for which other spectral decomposition methods, such as Principal Component Analysis, do not yield satisfactory results. The comparison shows overall good agreement between MODIS/MISR and AERONET AOD variability. The correlations between the first three modes of MCA results for both MODIS/AERONET and MISR/AERONET are above 0.8 for the full data set and above 0.75 for the AOD anomaly data. The correlations between MODIS and MISR modes are also quite high (> 0.9). We also examine the extent of spatial agreement between satellite and AERONET AOD data at the selected stations. Some sites with disagreements in the MCA results, such as Kanpur, also have low spatial coherency. This should be associated partly with high AOD spatial variability and partly with uncertainties in satellite retrievals due to the seasonally varying aerosol types and surface properties.
Updated Assessment of Possibilities and Limits for Solar Cells
Authors: Nayak Pabitra K. , Cahen David
Published: December 2013

The remarkable advances over the past few years in performance of photovoltaic cells, including the advent of new absorber materials, call for an update to the previous assessment of prospects for future progress. The same simple criteria with some refinements, based on cell and module performance data, serve to evaluate and compare most types of solar cells. Apart from Si and InP, for all types the “best cells” have improved in conversion performances (and crystalline Si modules have made major strides in cost reduction). New cell types, such as “perovskite”, sustainable chalcogenide, and quantum dot cells, are included. CdTe results bring those cells in line with other well‐developed ones, lending some credence to the idea that the criteria provide the reader with knowledge, useful for gauging possible future technological developments. Additionally, the developments of the past few years show that, while the advent of more new cell types cannot be predicted, it can be aided and stimulated by innovative, daring, and creative new materials research.
Experimental investigations on the potential of SDS as low‐dosage promoter for carbon dioxide hydrate formation
Authors: Partoon Behzad , Malik Siti Nurmala A. , Azemi M. Hazim , Sabil Khalik M.
Published: December 2013

A laboratory‐scale batch reactor is built and operated to study the kinetic of formation of carbon dioxide hydrate in deionized water and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solutions. In this experimental work, the formation of carbon dioxide hydrate in deionized water (18 Ω) is investigated at fixed temperature of 273.65 K and different pressures of 20, 25, 30, and 35 bar, respectively. The formation of carbon dioxide hydrate in SDS solutions is investigated by using various concentrations of SDS up to 3000 ppm at temperature of 273.65 K and 35 bar. For carbon dioxide hydrate, the induction time decreases with the increase of initial carbon dioxide pressure because of the increase of subcooling and driving force in the system. Moreover, experimental results show that the addition of SDS reduces the induction time required for hydrate formation and significantly increases the carbon dioxide uptake, and these effects are concentration dependent. Furthermore, the addition of SDS in the hydrate‐forming systems has been shown to improve the apparent rate constant of the system. These results show that SDS shows a good promise to be used as low‐dosage hydrate promoter to improve the efficiency of gas hydrate‐based processes. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gut Permeability in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Dalton Neil , Chandler Susie , Turner Charles , Charman Tony , Pickles Andrew , Loucas Tom , Simonoff Emily , Sullivan Peter , Baird Gillian
Published: December 2013

Objective

To test whether gut permeability is increased in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) by evaluating gut permeability in a population‐derived cohort of children with ASD compared with age‐ and intelligence quotient‐matched controls without ASD but with special educational needs (SEN).

Patients and Methods

One hundred thirty‐three children aged 10–14 years, 103 with ASD and 30 with SEN, were given an oral test dose of mannitol and lactulose and urine collected for 6 hr. Gut permeability was assessed by measuring the urine lactulose/mannitol (L/M) recovery ratio by electrospray mass spectrometry‐mass spectrometry. The ASD group was subcategorized for comparison into those without (n = 83) and with (n = 20) regression.

Results

There was no significant difference in L/M recovery ratio (mean (95% confidence interval)) between the groups with ASD: 0.015 (0.013–0.018), and SEN: 0.014 (0.009–0.019), nor in lactulose, mannitol, or creatinine recovery. No significant differences were observed in any parameter for the regressed versus non‐regressed ASD groups. Results were consistent with previously published normal ranges. Eleven children (9/103 = 8.7% ASD and 2/30 = 6.7% SEN) had L/M recovery ratio > 0.03 (the accepted normal range cut‐off), of whom two (one ASD and one SEN) had more definitely pathological L/M recovery ratios > 0.04.

Conclusion

There is no statistically significant group difference in small intestine permeability in a population cohort‐derived group of children with ASD compared with a control group with SEN. Of the two children (one ASD and one SEN) with an L/M recovery ratio of > 0.04, one had undiagnosed asymptomatic celiac disease (ASD) and the other (SEN) past extensive surgery for gastroschisis. Autism Res 2014, 7: 305–313. © 2013 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative techno‐economic analysis and reviews of n‐butanol production from corn grain and corn stover
Authors: Tao Ling , He Xin , Tan Eric C. D. , Zhang Min , Aden Andy
Published: December 2013

This work presents a detailed review and comparative analysis of the process design and economics of n‐butanol production using corn grain and corn stover. This includes reviewing the most recent n‐butanol technologies; demonstrating the impact of key parameters (e.g. plant capacity, raw material pricing, yield) on the overall n‐butanol process economics; and comparing how cellulosic biomass conversion technologies and challenges differ from traditional sugar‐based n‐butanol conversion technology. A major challenge of n‐butanol production is the low n‐butanol yield (compared to ethanol), resulting in higher production costs. However, recent research efforts have achieved significant yield improvements using a combination of genetic engineering, fermentation techniques, and integrated process development using continuous fermentation with online stripping to remove n‐butanol during fermentation. This study presents the advances in n‐butanol research for both sugar‐based (corn) and cellulosic (corn stover) feedstocks, and also provides a comparison of overall process technologies and process economics. In addition, the results of a sensitivity analysis comparing various technologies, sugar yields, and coproduct distributions are discussed in order to provide research guidance. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Nanoelectronic impedance detection of target cells
Authors: Esfandyarpour Rahim , Javanmard Mehdi , Koochak Zahra , Harris James S. , Davis Ronald W.
Published: December 2013

Detection of cells is typically performed using optical fluorescence based techniques such as flow cytometry. Here we present the impedance detection of target cells using a nanoelectronic probe we have developed, which we refer to as the nanoneedle biosensor. The nanoneedle consists of a thin film conducting electrode layer at the bottom, an insulative oxide layer above, another conductive electrode layer above, and a protective oxide above. The electrical impedance is measured between the two electrode layers. Cells captured on the surface of the nanoneedle tip results in a decrease in the impedance across the sensing electrodes. The basic mechanisms behind the electrical response of cells in solution under an applied alternating electrical field stems from modulation of the relative permittivity at the interface. In this paper we discuss, the circuit model, the nanofabrication, and the testing and characterization of the sensor. We demonstrate proof of concept for detection of yeast cells with specificity. We envision the sensor presented in this paper to be combined with microfluidic pre‐concentration technologies to develop low cost point‐of‐care diagnostic assays for the clinical setting. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1161–1169. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural Basis for Antimicrobial Activity of Lasiocepsin
Authors: Monincová Lenka , Buděšínský Milos , Čujová Sabina , Čeřovský Václav , Veverka Václav
Published: December 2013

Lasiocepsin is a unique 27‐residue antimicrobial peptide, isolated from Lasioglossum laticeps (wild bee) venom, with substantial antibacterial and antifungal activity. It adopts a welldefined structure consisting of two α‐helices linked by a structured loop. Its basic residues form two distinct positively charged regions on the surface whereas aliphatic side chains contribute to solvent‐accessible hydrophobic areas, thus emphasising the amphipathic character of the molecule. Lasiocepsin structurally belongs to the ShK family and shows a strong preference for anionic phospholipids; this is further augmented by increasing concentrations of cardiolipin, such as those found at the poles of bacterial cells. The membrane‐permeabilising activity of the peptide is not limited to outer membranes of Gram‐negative bacteria. The peptide interacts with phospholipids initially through its N terminus, and its degree of penetration is strongly dependent on the presence of cardiolipin.
Carbonate‐Promoted Catalytic Activity of Potassium Cations for Soot Combustion by Gaseous Oxygen
Authors: Ogura Masaru , Kimura Riichiro , Ushiyama Hiroshi , Nikaido Fumiya , Yamashita Koichi , Okubo Tatsuya
Published: December 2013

The possible mechanism of soot combustion catalyzed by potassium carbonate loaded on aluminosilicate was elucidated to understand the surface reaction in solid–solid–gas triphasic catalysis. Potassium species on aluminosilicate showed high catalytic performance for the oxidation of carbon black by gaseous oxygen. Aluminosilicate helped in stabilizing the alkali cation on the surface. The carbonate ion played a critical role in enhancing the catalytic performance by acting as a supplier of active electrons to gaseous oxygen. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the essential role of carbonate on the catalytic activity of an alkali cation for an oxidation reaction, although carbonate (carbon dioxide) is widely recognized to hinder the catalytic performance of the alkali compound for base‐catalyzed reactions.
Modulable and Highly Diastereoselective Carbometalations of Cyclopropenes
Authors: Didier Dorian , Delaye Pierre‐Olivier , Simaan Marwan , Island Biana , Eppe Guillaume , Eijsberg Hendrik , Kleiner Amir , Knochel Paul , Marek Ilan
Published: December 2013

The copper‐catalyzed carbomagnesiation reaction of cyclopropenyl esters 1 leads to various substituted cyclopropanes species 3 in good yields with very high diastereoselectivities. The reaction proceeds through a syn‐chelated carbomagnesiation reaction and could be extended to various cyclopropenylmethyl ester derivatives 5. The potential of this approach was illustrated by the preparation of two consecutive all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters. However, the carbometalation reaction needs to be performed at temperature ranging from −35 to −20 °C to avoid subsequent fragmentation reaction into stereodefined β,γ‐nonconjugated unsaturated esters 4. Alternatively, the carbocupration reaction with organocopper species could also be performed to leads to configurationally stable cyclopropyl copper species 2[Cu]. Additionally, when the Lewis acid character of the copper center is decreased (i.e., RCuCNLi), the reaction proceed with an anti‐selectivity. The diastereodivergent behavior of these organometallic species is of synthetic interest, since both diastereomers syn‐3 and anti‐3 can be obtained, at will, from the same precursor cyclopropenyl esters 1.
Ti‐Catalyzed Straightforward Synthesis of Exocyclic Allenes
Authors: Muñoz‐Bascón Juan , Hernández‐Cervantes Carmen , Padial Natalia M. , Álvarez‐Corral Míriam , Rosales Antonio , Rodríguez‐García Ignacio , Oltra J. Enrique
Published: December 2013

Exocyclic allenes constitute useful building blocks in organic synthesis and have recently been identified as key intermediates in the synthesis of natural products. Here the first general method for the most straightforward synthesis of exocyclic allenes reported to date is presented. This method is based on the Barbier‐type cyclization of propargyl halides catalyzed by titanium; a safe, abundant, and ecofriendly metal. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions compatible with different functional groups and provides good yields of five‐, six‐, and seven‐membered carbocycles and nitrogen‐containing heterocycles bearing an exocyclic allene group. Experimental evidence supporting the proposed reaction mechanism is also provided. Moreover, this procedure can be carried out in an enantioselective manner by using chiral titanocene(III) catalysts. The utility of this method has been proved in the synthesis of the natural alkaloid stemoamide.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrayttrium Difluoride Disilicate Orthosilicate, Y4F2[Si2O7][SiO4].
Authors: Schaefer Marion C. , Hartenbach Ingo , Schleid Thomas
Published: December 2013

Colorless lath‐shaped single crystals of the title compound are obtained from a melt of Y2O3, YF3, and SiO2 (2:5:3 molar ratio) using CsCl as a flux (evacuated silica tube, 973 K, 9 d, 10 K/h cooling rate).
ChemInform Abstract: Temperature Initiated P‐Polymerization in Solid [Cd3Cu]CuP10.
Authors: Bawohl Melanie , Schmidt Peer , Nilges Tom
Published: December 2013

Heat treatment of solid [Cd3Cu]CuP10 in evacuated silica ampules at 500 °C for 4 d leads to the formation of Cd15Cu10P46, which contains [P6] rings and tubular [P26] polymer units.
ChemInform Abstract: First‐Principles Study on the Structure, Elastic Properties, Hardness and Electronic Structure of TMB4 (TM: Cr, Re, Ru and Os) Compounds.
Authors: Pan Y. , Zheng W. T. , Guan W. M. , Zhang K. H. , Fan X. F.
Published: December 2013

The transition metal borides of title are characterized by first‐principles DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: LaPd2Sb2: A Pnictide Superconductor with CaBe2Ge2 Type Structure.
Authors: Ganesanpotti Subodh , Yajima Takeshi , Tohyama Takami , Li Zhi , Nakano Kousuke , Nozaki Yasumasa , Tassel Cedric , Kobayashi Yoji , Kageyama Hiroshi
Published: December 2013

The title compound is obtained from stoichiometric amounts of the elements (evacuated silica tube, 900 °C, 40 h; quenching).
ChemInform Abstract: A Visible‐Light‐Induced Overall Water‐Splitting Photocatalyst: Conduction‐Band‐Controlled Silver Tantalate.
Authors: Ni Lei , Tanabe Momoko , Irie Hiroshi
Published: December 2013

AgTa1‐xNbxO3 photocatalysts (x = 0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 1) are hydrothermally synthesized from stoichiometric mixtures of AgNO3, Ta(O‐Et)5, and Nb(O‐Et)5 dissolved in H2O (autoclave, 180 °C, 48 h; calcination at 850 °C for 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Indium‐Based Ultraviolet‐Transparent Electroconductive Oxyfluoride InOF: Ambient‐Pressure Synthesis and Unique Electronic Properties in Comparison with In2O3.
Authors: Mori Tatsuya , Kajihara Koichi , Kanamura Kiyoshi , Toda Yoshitake , Hiramatsu Hidenori , Hosono Hideo
Published: December 2013

Single‐phase, powdered InOF is prepared by thermal decomposition of InF3·3H2O under flowing O2 (360—440 °C, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Multiferroic Rare‐Earth Orthoferrites.
Authors: Zhou Zhiqiang , Guo Li , Yang Haixia , Liu Qiang , Ye Feng
Published: December 2013

LnFeO3 (Ln: Pr, Nd, Sm—Lu) are prepared hydrothermally from stoichiometric aqueous metal nitrate solutions and KOH pellets as mineralizer (autoclave, 240 °C, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Temperature Nitridation of Manganese and Iron Oxides Using NaNH2 Molten Salt.
Authors: Miura Akira , Takei Takahiro , Kumada Nobuhiro
Published: December 2013

ϑ‐Mn6N5+x and ε‐Fe3N1+x are obtained by nitridation of Mn2O3 and Fe2O3, resp., using molten NaNH2 as nitrogen source (autoclave, 240 °C, 36 h).
ChemInform Abstract: The Facile Synthesis of the 5Z,9Z‐Dienoic Acids and Their Topoisomerase I Inhibitory Activity.
Authors: D'yakonov Vladimir A. , Makarov Aleksey A. , Dzhemileva Lilya U. , Makarova Elina Kh. , Khusnutdinova Elza K. , Dzhemilev Usein M.
Published: December 2013

Compound IV shows promising inhibition activity.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Step, Versatile Synthesis of Dibenzo [n.2.2] Macrobicyclic Compounds via a Conformation‐Directed Macrocyclization Reaction.
Authors: Lobato Ruben , Veiga Alberte X. , Perez‐Vazquez Jaime , Fernandez‐Nieto Fernando , Paleo M. Rita , Sardina F. Javier
Published: December 2013

A highly efficient synthesis of bridged bicyclic compounds based on reductive alkyltin of anthracene dicarboxylate (I) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral Aliphatic Amines Through Asymmetric Hydrogenation.
Authors: Liu Tang‐Lin , Wang Chun‐Jiang , Zhang Xumu
Published: December 2013

This method yields the hydrogenation products with excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Cleavage of Aryl O‐Carbamates to Phenols by the Schwartz Reagent. Expedient Link to the Directed ortho Metalation Strategy.
Authors: Morin Justin , Zhao Yigang , Snieckus Victor
Published: December 2013

The efficient new method is selective and tolerates a large number of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: FeCl3 Mediated One‐Pot Route to Nitriles.
Authors: Ghosh Pranab , Subba Raju
Published: December 2013

A new simple method allows the conversion of aromatic aldehydes into nitriles in the presence of FeCl3 as promotor.
ChemInform Abstract: Immobilized Candida Antarctica B as Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Local Anaesthetic Intermediates.
Authors: Giunta Daniela , Masia Maria Paola , Marchetti Mauro , Morrone Raffaele , Solinas Maurizio
Published: December 2013

Novel reaction conditions are reported for the synthesis of benzoic esters using candida antarctica lipase B as the promotor.
ChemInform Abstract: Vasicine Catalyzed Direct C—H Arylation of Unactivated Arenes: Organocatalytic Application of an Abundant Alkaloid.
Authors: Sharma Sushila , Kumar Manoranjan , Kumar Vishal , Kumar Neeraj
Published: December 2013

The naturally occurring alkaloid vasicine is developed as an efficient catalyst for the formation of biaryls and isomeric terphenyls via transition metal‐free coupling of unactivated arenes with aryl iodides and bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(II)‐Catalyzed Reactions of Differentially Substituted Bis(diazo) Functionalities.
Authors: Bonderoff Sara A. , Padwa Albert
Published: December 2013

The bis(diazo)compound (I) undergoes chemoselective cyclopropanation, OH‐ or NH‐insertion without affecting the second diazo group present in the same molecule.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Intramolecular Cyclizations of Phenoxyethynyl Diols into Multisubstituted α,β‐Unsaturated Lactones.
Authors: Egi Masahiro , Ota Yuya , Nishimura Yuka , Shimizu Kaori , Azechi Kenji , Akai Shuji
Published: December 2013

In the presence of AgOTf as the catalyst the title cyclization proceeds under mild conditions to give α‐unsubstituted lactones.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Iodination of Isoindolines and Isoindoline Nitroxides as Precursors to Functionalized Nitroxides.
Authors: Fairfull‐Smith Kathryn E. , Debele Emmanuel A. , Allen Jesse P. , Pfrunder Michael C. , McMurtrie John C.
Published: December 2013

A new and scalable method for the title reaction is developed and affords cleanly the di‐iodo compounds in high yields and the mono‐iodo compounds in modest yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐(alkyl/aryl)indolin‐2‐ones by Addition of Organoaluminum Reagents to Isatins.
Authors: Kumar G. Santosh , Ramesh Palakuri , Kumar A. Sanjeeva , Swetha A. , Meshram H. M.
Published: December 2013

The alkylation/arylation of various isatins at the 3‐position proceeds rapidly and gives the title products in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Synthesis of Highly Functionalized N‐Phosphorylated Sulfonamido‐Pyrazolone Derivatives.
Authors: Yavari Issa , Nematpour Manijeh
Published: December 2013

Ketimine derivatives, generated from alkynes and sulfonyl azides react with azodicarboxylate (III) and phosphites (IV) to form the title species in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unexpected One Step Domino Conversion of TMS‐Alkynes to Protected Ketones in 4‐Chromenone System.
Authors: Bhattacharya Prabuddha , Basak Amit
Published: December 2013

An unexpected one‐pot conversion of Tms‐substituted 3‐ethynyl‐4‐chromenones to ketals of type (III) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Mediated Synthesis and Functionalization of Chiral Halopyridones.
Authors: Nguyen Khanh Hung , Tomasi Sophie , Le Roch Myriam , Toupet Loic , Renault Jacques , Uriac Philippe , Gouault Nicolas
Published: December 2013

Treatment of β‐aminoynones with NBS or NIS in the presence of [Au(PPh3)]SbF6 provides a new and rapid approach to chiral as well as achiral halopyridones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Quinolines from N‐Tosyl‐1‐azadienes.
Authors: Stokes Sean , Mead Keith T.
Published: December 2013

[4 + 2]‐Cycloaddition of azadienes (I) or (V) with benzyne, generated from benzenediazonium carboxylate (II), offers a convenient access to quinoline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Condensation of Iminoazolidines with Aldehydes and 5‐Aminopyrazole.
Authors: Komogortsev Andrey N. , Lichitsky Boris V. , Dudinov Arkady A. , Krylov Konstantin S. , Bogacheva Anna M. , Kobeleva Olga I. , Barachevskii Valery A. , Krayushkin Mikhail M.
Published: December 2013

The title three‐component reaction provides access to new polycyclic azalone derivatives (IV) possessing intense fluorescence.
ChemInform Abstract: Basic Ionic Liquid Promoted Heterocyclization to Access Fused Imidazopyridines.
Authors: Siddiqui I. R. , Shireen Shireen , Shamim Shayna , Abdul Waseem Malik , Abumhdi Afaf A. H. , Srivastava Arjita , Srivastava Anjali
Published: December 2013

It is demonstrated that [bmim]OH efficiently catalyzes the cyclocondensation reaction of N‐methylisatin with 2‐aminopyridines to afford fused imidazopyridines.
ChemInform Abstract: Retro‐Diels—Alder Protocol for the Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]pyrimidine and Pyrimido[2,1‐a]isoindole Enantiomers.
Authors: Miklos Ferenc , Toth Zita , Haenninen Mikko M. , Sillanpaeae Reijo , Forro Eniko , Fueloep Ferenc
Published: December 2013

The title compounds are effectively synthesized in enantiopure form by using the norbornene (I) as chiral auxiliary.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Cyclocondensation: A Rapid and Solvent‐Free Synthesis of 3‐Benzyl‐2H‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐2‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Satyanarayana S. , Kumar K. Praveen , Reddy P. Lakshmi , Narender R. , Narasimhulu G. , Reddy B. V. Subba
Published: December 2013

Microwave assisted cyclocondensation of substrates (I) with 2‐aminopyridines and related compounds gives the title compounds in short reaction times under catalyst‐ and solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted Isoindolo[2,1‐a]quinoxalines and Isoindolo[2,1‐a]quinoxalin‐6(5H)‐ones.
Authors: Biswas Subhasish , Batra Sanjay
Published: December 2013

An alternative route for the synthesis of the title compounds is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Catalytic Amination of Phenothiazine; Reliable Access to Phenothiazine Analogues of Troeger′s Base.
Authors: Cristea Castelia , et al. et al.
Published: December 2013

The physical properties as well as the interaction of the target compounds with biomolecules are investigated by computational and spectroscopic methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Cross‐Couplings of 2‐Bromophosphinine.
Authors: Kostenko Nataliya , Ericsson Cecilia , Engqvist Magnus , Gonzalez Susana Villa , Bayer Annette
Published: December 2013

The new title Negishi‐type cross‐coupling reaction expands the scope of monobromophosphines, which are considered as poor substrates so far.
ChemInform Abstract: Unveiling the Mode of Action of Antibacterial Labdane Diterpenes from Alpinia nigra (Gaertn.) B. L. Burtt Seeds.
Authors: Ghosh Sudipta , Indukuri Kiran , Bondalapati Somasekhar , Saikia Anil K. , Rangan Latha
Published: December 2013

The labdane triterpenes (I) and (II) show significant activity for damaging and disintegrating cell membranes of several Gram‐positive, as well as Gram‐negative bacteria cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Aza‐Michael Access to Fluoroalkylidene Analogues of Biomolecules.
Authors: Prunier Anais , Calata Charlene , Legros Julien , Maddaluno Jacques , Pfund Emmanuel , Lequeux Thierry
Published: December 2013

A direct access for the preparation of fluoroallylamines via an aza‐Michael reaction followed by a modified Julia reaction is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoparticles
Authors: Thomas P. John
Published: December 2013

Review: literature of 2012; 235 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Glance on Pentacarbonylrhenate(‐I) [Re(CO)5]‐ and on the (umgepolte) Pentacarbonylrhenium(+I) Cation [Re(CO)5]+ [as Re(CO)5FBF3] and Their Reactions
Authors: Beck Wolfgang
Published: December 2013

Review: 169 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorescent Photochromes of Diarylethene Series: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Shirinian V. Z. , Lonshakov D. V. , Lvov A. G. , Krayushkin M. M.
Published: December 2013

Review: 216 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Diversity of Metallosupramolecular Assemblies Based on the Bent Bridging Ligand 4,4′‐Dithiodipyridine
Authors: Seidel Ruediger W. , Goddard Richard , Oppel Iris M.
Published: December 2013

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquids for the Synthesis and Stabilization of Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Janiak Christoph
Published: December 2013

Review: 224 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Cyclization of N‐Heterocycles: The Role of Enabling Techniques
Authors: Cravotto G. , Tagliapietra S. , Caporaso M. , Garella D. , Borretto E. , Di Stilo A.
Published: December 2013

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocyclic Compounds by Ring Enlargement Reactions Through Bicyclic Cyclopropane Intermediates
Authors: Fesenko A. A. , Shutalev A. D.
Published: December 2013

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(II) Spin Crossover Films on Au(111): Scanning Probe Microscopy and Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Pronschinske Alex , Bruce Robert C. , Lewis Geoff , Chen Yifeng , Calzolari Arrigo , Buongiorno‐Nardelli Marco , Shultz David A. , You Wei , Dougherty Daniel B.
Published: December 2013

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rational Heme Protein Design: All Roads Lead to Rome
Authors: Lin Ying‐Wu , Sawyer Elizabeth B. , Wang Jiangyun
Published: December 2013

Review: modification of the heme‐binding active site and the heme group, protein hybridization and domain swapping, and de novo design; 113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: REDOR NMR for Drug Discovery
Authors: Cegelski Lynette
Published: December 2013

Review: 56 refs.