bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Celery Ethanol Extract on Proteinuria in Unilateral Ureter Obstruction Rat Model
Authors: Prameswari Shafira Audy , Deviriandra Yoana Rizki , Taufik Ariadne Hapsari Putri , Putri Rizky Aliyah , Untari Athaya Helia , Afifah Afifah
Published: April 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition of decreased kidney function that occurs for more than three months. Proteinuria is one of the markers of impaired kidney function, especially in the renal filtration process. Unilateral ureter obstruction causes impaired kidney function, including the filtration process. Celery (Apium graveolens L.) contains phenolic compounds that can prevent the decrease of kidney function. This study aims to determine the effect of celery ethanol extract on proteinuria in the UUO rat model. This study was an experimental study with a post-test only with control group design. A total of 25 rats were assigned to 5 groups. Group 1: sham control, 2: negative control (UUO), 3: UUO with 125 mg/kgBW celery ethanol extract, 4: UUO with 250 mg/kgBW celery ethanol extract, and 5: UUO with 500 mg/kgBW celery ethanol extract. The treatment of celery ethanol extract was given for 14 days. Urine samples were taken on the 15th day for examination of proteinuria. The results were analyzed by the Oneway ANOVA test and showed a significant difference between the control group and the treatment groups (p<0.05). A dose of 250mg/kgBW is the most effective dose of celery ethanol extract in this study.
THE URGENCY OF PARALEGAL POSITION IN LAW ENFORCEMENT IN INDONESIA THROUGH THE PROVISION OF LEGAL AID
Authors: Tri Utami Nurani Ajeng , Nugroho Hibnu
Published: April 2023

Legal aid distribution at the moment does not yet reach the whole Indonesian people because existing limitations for the implementation of the law so that paralegal is required to increase the range of legal aid. Considering the importance of that, it is needed to legitimation for a paralegal position in enforcement law for optimizing the role of the paralegal. The aim of this study is to knowing the importance and legitimacy of paralegal position in regulations legislation in Indonesia and to knowing optimization of the position and role of paralegals in enforcement law through legal aid. The method research used is juridical normative with approach statute, analysis, and concepts. Research results show that reason that is a consequence of the rule of law adopted by Indonesia and is a right constitutional as well as a protection right basic as equality before the law, setting more carry on of legal aid regulation, as aspect obligations and state responsibilities in giving legal aid, guarantee certainty for paralegal law in operating their duties, and as the effort for creating order in organizing giver legal aid especially paralegals. Optimization of paralegals’ position in the enforcement of Indonesian law in giving legal aid could be conducted through increasing paralegal competence with follow the training, networking, and cadre of paralegals from start district level, regional until lowest in the village, Skill advocate Public in the form of defense and support to the community, and giving law protection for paralegals in operating their job in giving legal aid.
The Implementation of Village’s Fund on Goods and Services Procurement
Authors: Setyorini Christina Tri
Published: April 2023

Procurement of goods and services is an activity associated to meeting an agency or institution's needs and providing resources, whether in the form of commodities or services. The village is a government institution that procures goods and services in accordance with Head of LKPP Regulation No. 13 of 2013, as amended by Head of LKPP Regulation No. 22 of 2015 regarding procurement of goods and services in the village, and regent regulations as the implementation rules per regency where the village is located. The goal of this study was to identify the obstacles associated with implementing the procurement of goods and services in the village and the efforts made to overcome these obstacles. This study employed a qualitative approach and the case study method in six villages within the Banyumas Regency subdistrict of Sumbang. In this study, the triangulation method was implemented through semi-structured interviews, observation, and document examination. The results of the study indicate that executing goods and services procurement presents obstacles at all phases, including planning, handover, implementation, oversight, reporting, and accountability. The greatest issue is to the quality of the village infrastructure and the absence of oversight and socialization of procurement standards for goods and services. The stages of planning are crucial since this is when the priorities for spending local funds are selected. Planning errors have an effect on every subsequent procedure. This research has investigated the challenges of implementing procurement of goods and services in the village and can thus provide direction for strategies to improve the implementation of procurement of goods and services in the village. In addition, the government might use this study's findings to formulate village-related policies and continue to improve.
Relationship of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormones (GnRH) Induction to Reproductive Performance in Batur Sheep
Authors: Hidayah Chomsiatun Nurul , Sumaryadi M Y , Saleh D M , Nugroho A P , Nurasih A D
Published: April 2023

Experiments were performed to determine the relationship of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) induction to estrus activity and pregnancy rate of Batur sheep. Twenty Batur sheep were synchronized to estrus using intramuscularly injection of 2 ml PGF2α that repeated in 11-day intervals. GnRH was given intramuscularly on the 9th day for 10 Batur sheep, and 10 others were not injected as a control. Reproductive performance included estrus intensity, estrus onset, mating time period, and pregnancy rate. The data were analyzed by regression correlation tests, and chi-square test were used for pregnancy rate. The statistical analysis results showed that the induction of GnRH has a very significant relationship (P<0.01) to the intensity and onset of estrus as well as the time-mating period it has a significant relationship (P<0.05). The pregnancy rate was significantly different (P<0.05) between control and GnRH-induced in Batur sheep. The results showed that GnRH induction contributed to the intensity of estrus, the onset of estrus, and the time-mating period of 37.88, 42.79, and 22.16%, respectively. The pregnancy rate in Batur sheep induced by GnRH compared to controls has 25.0% increased. It can conclude that GnRH induction was able to improve reproductive performance in Batur sheep
Molecular characterization and phylogeny of Wolbachia pipientis in mosquitoes
Authors: Kusmintarsih Endang Srimurni , Ambarningrum Trisnowati Budi
Published: April 2023

Wolbachia is an intracellular, maternally inherited bacteria that infect a wide variety of arthropods, including several mosquito such as Aedes albopictus, Armigerus, Culex, and Manzonia. However, until now there have been no reports of the existence of endosymbionts from several genera of mosquitoes from Indonesia. Therefore, we screen Wolbachia on several mosquito genera. The aim of the study was to determine the spreading of Wolbachia endosymbiont in mosquitoes from Indonesia. Mosquitoes were taken from various breeding and resting places, the captured mosquitoes were identified, the PCR product was carried out by gel electrophoresis. Visualization of amplicon bands under ultraviolet light. The result showed that the mosquitoes (Manzonia, Aedes albopictus, and Armigerus) tested were positive for the Wolbachia endosymbiont. Analysis phylogeny shows, that Wolbachia in three genus mosquitoes consists of two clades where the first clade consists of Wolbachia from Aedes albopictus and Manzonia, and the second clade consists of Wolbachia from Armigerus and other Wolbachia from some insects as outgroups. Subsequently, the phylogenetic trees based on the wsp revealed that Wolbachia from Aedes samples 1, 2, and Manzonia include monophyletic while Wolbachia from Armigerus is paraphyletic. Wolbachia from Armigerus close to Wolbachia from Tetranychus urticae.
Regional Development Strategy in the South Cross Road Network of Cilacap
Authors: Maab Muhammad Husnul
Published: April 2023

The national development of “Jaringan Jalan Lintas Selatan” on the West Java’s Boundary -Patimuan-Bantarsari is one of the opportunities for the Cilacap Regency to develop regional development. It is necessary to combine development planning in sectoral and regional policies. Using the kernel density estimation method, an estimate of the density function in the research area is obtained, including land capability, distribution of facilities, superior potential, and the level of regional accessibility. By combining with various spatial documents and development plans, the research results obtained in the form of regional development strategies around the “Jaringan Jalan Lintas Selatan” based on the local economy through agricultural activities, fisheries, and Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises. As for what is still a problem in regional development are the problem of regional accessibility and the need to fulfill public health facilities.
The Implementation of the Scandinavian Model of Welfare State in the Swedish Economic Development
Authors: Utami Arum Tri
Published: April 2023

This journal discusses how the welfare of the Scandinavian state became one of the main factors of Sweden's economic progress. The author uses qualitative methods to analyze how Sweden implements a welfare state as Sweden's main economic policy. The welfare state itself is a system where the government takes a strong role in reducing existing inequalities through various social programs. Sweden implements a comprehensive welfare state by collecting high taxes on the community and then channeling them back to the community with various social programs. Various programs that continue to be maintained by the government are health insurance for Swedish citizens, assistance to people who do not have jobs, health assistance for children, and pension assistance
Probing the potential of InDel polymorphisms on the molecular identification of cetaceans
Authors: dos Anjos Dafne Adriana Abreu , Barbosa Rodrigo Goldenberg , dos Santos Donato Anna Luiza , de Carvalho Elizeu Fagundes , do Amaral Cesar Rogerio Leal
Published: April 2023

Studies with cetaceans using degraded samples have faced challenges for molecular identification based on the barcoding methodology and other sequencing techniques due to the fragmented nature of the genetic material found on these samples. In this article, we evaluated the use of insertion–deletion regions for the molecular identification of cetaceans. The presented methodology allows the identification of species based on numeric profiles related to the chosen InDel regions, a forensic gold standard commonly used for degraded samples that cannot be sequenced easily. We carried out an in silico analysis using previously published 16S rRNA and adjacent tRNA-Leu mitochondrial sequences obtained from the NCBI database and found that accurate identification of all species included in our assay could be obtained by combining the lengths of three InDel regions. The regions selected in this study can be used for the construction of molecular identification assays for phylogeny and conservation studies, especially when degraded samples are included.
A Proof Of The Riemann Hypothesis Based On A New Expression Of The Completed Zeta Function
Authors: Zhang Weicun
Published: April 2023

Based on the Hadamard product $\xi(s)= \xi(0)\prod_{\rho}(1-\frac{s}{\rho})$, a new absolute convergent expression of $\xi(s)$ is obtained by paring $\rho_i$ and $\bar{\rho}_i$, and putting all the $\rho_i$ related multiple zeros together in one factor, i.e., $$\xi(s)=\xi(0)\prod_{i=1}^{\infty}\Big{(}\frac{\beta_i^2}{\alpha_i^2+\beta_i^2}+\frac{(s-\alpha_i)^2}{\alpha_i^2+\beta_i^2}\Big{)}^{d_{i}}$$ where $\xi(0)=\frac{1}{2}$, $\rho_i=\alpha_i+j\beta_i$ and $\bar{\rho}_i=\alpha_i-j\beta_i$ are the complex conjugate zeros of $\xi(s)$, $0<\alpha_i<1$ and $\beta_i\neq 0$ are real numbers, $d_i\geq 1$ are the real multiplicities of $\rho_i$, $\beta_i$ are in order of increasing $|\beta_i|$, i.e., $|\beta_1|\leq|\beta_2|\leq|\beta_3|\leq \cdots$. Then, by the functional equation $\xi(s)=\xi(1-s)$, we have $$\xi(0)\prod_{i=1}^{\infty}\Big{(}\frac{\beta_i^2}{\alpha_i^2+\beta_i^2}+\frac{(s-\alpha_i)^2}{\alpha_i^2+\beta_i^2}\Big{)}^{d_{i}} =\xi(0)\prod_{i=1}^{\infty}\Big{(}\frac{\beta_i^2}{\alpha_i^2+\beta_i^2}+\frac{(1-s-\alpha_i)^2}{\alpha_i^2+\beta_i^2}\Big{)}^{d_{i}}$$ i.e., $$\prod_{i=1}^{\infty}\Big{(}1+\frac{(s-\alpha_i)^2}{\beta_i^2}\Big{)}^{d_{i}}=\prod_{i=1}^{\infty}\Big{(}1+\frac{(1-s-\alpha_i)^2}{\beta_i^2}\Big{)}^{d_{i}}$$ which, by Lemma 3, is equivalent to $$\begin{cases}&\alpha_i=\frac{1}{2}, i =1,2,3, \cdots, \infty\\ & |\beta_1|<|\beta_2|<|\beta_3|< \cdots\\ \end{cases}$$ Thus, we conclude that the Riemann Hypothesis is true.
Avoidable Intensive Care Resource Use of Unvaccinated COVID-19 Patients: Interpretation and Policy Implications
Authors: Joffe Ari , Milburn Chris
Published: April 2023

Given that population COVID-19 vaccination does not appreciably reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission, instead, the potential to reduce hospitalization has been used to justify coercive vaccine passports. We aim to use a recently published research study as an example in order to demonstrate how data can be misinterpreted and result in deriving misleading ethical and policy implications. Bagshaw et al wrote that unvaccinated patients with COVID-19 in Alberta, Canada “had substantially greater rates of ICU admissions, ICU bed days, and ICU related costs than vaccinated patients did. This increased resource use would have been potentially avoidable had these unvaccinated patients been vaccinated.” The authors in Bagshaw et al then concluded that their findings “have important implications for discourse on the relative balance of increasingly stringent public health protection (restrictions), including mandatory vaccination policies, and the sustainability and function of health system infrastructure and capacity during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.” Here we show the following. First, the effect of vaccination on intensive care admissions were grossly over-estimated due to several limitations of this and almost all other vaccine studies. Second, an effect of vaccination on access to acute care and on all-cause excess deaths was grossly over-stated due to several more likely causes being omitted from discussion and from the common narrative. Third, policy implications were overstated and at best unclear due to missing consideration of more relevant aspects required to inform policy. Overall, the data cannot support what Bagshaw et al called “increasingly stringent public health protection (restrictions), including mandatory vaccination policies”.
Simultaneous Prediction of Stream-Water Variables Using Multivariate Multi-Step Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network
Authors: Khosravi Marzieh , Duti Bushra Monowar , Yazdan Munshi Md Shafwat , Ghoochani Shima , Nazemi Neda , Shabanian Hanieh
Published: April 2023

Multivariate predictive analysis of the Stream-Water (SW) parameters (discharge, water level, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, and specific conductance) is a pivotal task in the field of water resource management during the era of rapid climate change. The highly dynamic and evolving nature of the meteorological and climatic features have a significant impact on the temporal distribution of the SW variables in recent days making the SW variables forecasting even more complicated for diversified water-related issues. To predict the SW variables, various physics-based numerical models are used using numerous hydrologic parameters. Extensive lab-based investigation and calibration are required to reduce the uncertainty involved in those parameters. However, in the age of data-informed analysis and prediction, several deep learning algorithms showed satisfactory performance in dealing with sequential data. In this research, a comprehensive Explorative Data Analysis (EDA) and feature engineering were performed to prepare the dataset to obtain the best performance of the predictive model. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network regression model is trained using over several years of daily data to predict the SW variables up to one week ahead of time (lead time) with satisfactory performance. The performance of the proposed model is found highly adequate through the comparison of the predicted data with the observed data, visualization of the distribution of the errors, and a set of error matrices. Higher performance is achieved through the increase in the number of epochs and hyperparameter tuning. This model can be transferred to other locations with proper feature engineering and optimization to perform univariate predictive analysis and potentially be used to perform real-time SW variables prediction.
Tunable Wideband Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Inspired Metasurface Absorber for Medical Sensing Applications
Authors: Saxena Gaurav , Chintakindi Sanjay , Vennu Vishal , Abidi Mustufa Haider , Saif Wigdan Aref Mohammed , Maduri Praveen Kumar , Singh Himanshu , Awasthi Yogendra Kumar
Published: April 2023

In this article, two elliptical-ovel-shaped cylindrical dielectric resonator based wideband Graphene inspired reconfigurable metasurface absorber is designed on diffused quartz substrate having a relative permittivity of 3.75 and conductivity 2200Kg/m3 with height of 25μm. This metasurface having gold plated ground in microstrip with 5μm which is essential by calculating skin depth at 2.0THz frequency. Two elliptical ovel shaped patches with Graphene plated having built in potential varies 0-2.5eV and relaxation time 1.0ps at 290oK. By changing the relaxation time of Graphene 0.1ps-0.3ps its resonance frequency also varies i.e., reconfigurable property they provide without adding any active i.e., PIN diode components. The proposed MS is designed having a dimension of 100×100μm2 is designed on a microstrip. This MS works in the range of 1.6-2.38THz having more than 90% absorbance with two transmission zero at 2.1THz and 2.3THz having high Q ˃ 50 which is used to determine the sensitivity where the proposed MS used as a sensor to determine hemoglobin (Blood Glucose level) and urine (Uric acid) by changing their refractive index from 1.34-1.43. Maximum sensitivity achieved at 2000GHz/RIU and average sensitivity for hemoglobin and urine sensing achieved 833.33GHz/RIU, FOM-8.33 and 4277.7733GHz/RIU, FOM-555.55 respectively.
Performance of Thermal-Oxidative Aging on the Structure and Properties of Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) Vulcanizates
Authors: Quanchao Hu , Qiang Chen , Peiru Song , Xingyu Gong , Junyi Chen , Yongxian Zhao
Published: April 2023

A thermal-oxidative aging test at 120°C was condutcted on Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) vulcanizates of the semi-efficient vulcanization system. The effect of thermal-oxidative aging on EPDM vulcanizates was systematically studied by curing kinetics, aging coefficient, cross-linking density, macroscopic physical properties, contact angle, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermal decomposition kinetics. The results show that the content of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups as well as the carbonyl index increased with increasing aging time, indicating that EPDM vulcanizates are gradually oxidized and degraded. As a result, the EPDM vulcanized rubber chains were cross-linked, and its conformational transformation was limited and its flexibility was weakened. The thermogravimetric analysis demonstrates the thermal degradation of EPDM vulcanizates had competitive reactions of cross-linking and degradation, and the thermal decomposition curve can be divided into three stages, meanwhile the thermal stability of EPDM vulcanizates gradually decreases with the increase of aging time. The introduction of antioxidant in the system can promote the cross-linking speed and reduce the cross-linking density of EPDM vulcanizates, while inhibiting the surface thermal and oxygen aging reaction. This is attributed to the fact that the antioxidant can reduce the thermal degradation reaction level, but it is not conducive to the formation of a perfect crosslinking network structure and reduce the activation energy of thermal degradation of the main chain.
Gate Oxide And Back Oxide Materials Combined Influence On Self-Heating And Dibl Effects In 2d Mos2 Based Mosfet
Authors: Atamuratov Atabek E. Egamberdievich , Saparov Khushnudbek Sharifbaevich , Yusupov Ahmed Yusupovich , Chedjou Jean Chamberlain
Published: April 2023

Abstract— In this paper, degradation effects such as the self-heating effect and the DIBL effect in 2D-MoS2-based MOSFETs are investigated through simulations. These are transistors with Al2O3 and HfO2 as the gate oxide and SiO2 and HfO2 as the back oxide (BOX). The self-heating effect (SHE) is simulated using the thermodynamic transport model. The dependence of the DIBL effect (Drain Induced Barrier Lowering) and the lattice temperature in the center of the channel on the gate length for transistors with different gate oxide and BOX materials is considered. Transistors are considered where the channel is fully and partially (just below the gate) covered by gate oxide. It is shown that the transistors with Al2O3 as gate oxide and SiO2 as BOX materials have higher immunity to DIBL effect and transistors with HfO2 as gate oxide and HfO2 as BOX materials have higher immunity to SHE.
Eco-driving Optimization Based on Dynamic Programming and Vehicle Connectivity in a Real-World Scenario
Authors: Pulvirenti Luca , Tresca Luigi , Rolando Luciano , Millo Federico
Published: April 2023

The connectivity level of last-generation vehicles is constantly on the rise. The combined use of Vehicle-To-Everything (V2X) connectivity and autonomous driving can provide remarkable benefits through the optimization of the route and speed trajectory. In this framework, this paper focuses on vehicle eco-driving optimization in a connected environment. The virtual test rig of a premium segment passenger car was used for generating the simulation scenarios. The benefits, in terms of energy and time savings, that the introduction of V2X communication, integrated with cloud computing, can have in a real-world scenario were assessed. The Reference Scenario is a pre-defined Real Driving Emissions (RDE) compliant route, while the simulation scenarios were generated by assuming two different penetration levels of V2X technologies. The associated energy minimization problem is formulated and solved by means of a global optimization algorithm, i.e., Dynamic Programming (DP). The optimization framework includes information coming from the surrounding environment, e.g., traffic lights state, speed limits, distance to travel, etc. The simulations show that introducing a smart infrastructure along with optimizing the vehicle speed in a real-world route can potentially reduce the required energy by 54% while shortening the travel time by 38%. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed on the bi-objective optimization cost function to find a set of Pareto optimal solutions, between energy and travel time minimization.
Thermo-Mechanical Coupling Numerical Simulation for Extreme High-Speed Laser Cladding of Chrome-iron alloy
Authors: Nian Liangxiao , Wang Miaohui , Ge Xueyuan , Wang Xin , Xu Yifei
Published: April 2023

With the aim to improve cladding coating quality and prevent cracking, this paper established an extreme high-speed laser cladding thermo-mechanical coupling simulation model to study the evolution of the temperature field and residual stress distribution. Process parameters that impacted the macroscopic morphology of single-pass coatings were investigated. Numerical calculations and temperature field simulations were performed based on the process parameter data to validate the effect of the temperature gradient and cooling rate on the coating structure and the residual stress distribution. The results showed that a good coating quality could be achieved using a laser power of 2400 W, a cladding rate of 20 m/min, and a powder feeding rate of 20.32 g/min. The coatings’ cross-sectional morphology corresponded well with the temperature distribution predicted by numerical modeling of the melt pool. The microstructure of the molten coatings is affected by the temperature gradient and cooling rate, which vary greatly from the bottom to the middle to the top. Maximum residual stress appears between the bonding region of the coatings and the substrate, and the coatings themselves have significant residual stress in the form of tensile strains that are mostly distributed in the direction of the laser cladding speed.
The Effect of Rainfall and Illumination on Automotive Sensors Detection Performance
Authors: Li Hexuan , Bamminger Nadine , Magosi Zoltan Ferenc , Feichtinger Christoph , Zhao Yongqi , Mihalj Tomislav , Orucevic Faris , Eichberger Arno
Published: April 2023

Vehicle safety promises to be one of the Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) biggest benefits. Higher levels of automation remove the human driver from the chain of events that can lead to a crash. Sensors play an influential role in vehicle driving as well as in ADAS by helping the driver to watch the vehicle’s surroundings for safe driving. Thus, the driving load is drastically reduced from steering as well as accelerating and braking for long-term driving. The baseline for the development of future intelligent vehicles relies even more on the fusion of data from surrounding sensors such as Camera, Lidar and Radar. These sensors not only need to perceive in clear weather but also need to detect accurately adverse weather and illumination conditions. Otherwise, a small error could have an incalculable impact on ADAS. As most of the current study is based on indoor or static testing. In order to solve this problem, this paper designs a series of dynamic test cases with the help of outdoor rain and intelligent lightning simulation facilities to make the sensor application scenarios more realistic. As a result, the effect of rainfall and illumination on sensor perception performance is investigated. As speculated, the performance of all automotive sensors is degraded by adverse environmental factors, but their behaviour is not identical. Future work on sensor model development and sensor information fusion should therefore take this into account.
Optimization of Drone-Based Surface-Wave Seismic Surveys Using a Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem
Authors: Hamasato Yohei , Sakaguchi Akinori , Tsuji Takeshi , Yamamoto Kaoru
Published: April 2023

In this study, we investigate the problem of finding energy-efficient routes for multiple drones conducting a surface-wave seismic survey. The survey utilizes one seismic source and multiple measurement points spread over a designated area. Each drone carries a seismometer, and is tasked with visiting pre-specified points to take measurements of seismic signals by resting idle on the ground for a set time. Due to this mandatory idling time, their energy consumption is not proportional to the flight distance, nor it is possible to apply standard path minimization algorithms. To address this issue, we establish an energy consumption model for each drone and propose algorithms to optimally allocate points to each drone and generate routes that minimize total energy consumption. The validity of these algorithms is discussed using numerical simulations.
Autonomous Flight Using UWB-Based Positioning System with Optical Flow Sensors in a GPS-Denied Environment
Authors: Higashi Yoshiyuki , Yamazaki Kenta
Published: April 2023

This study presents the positioning method and autonomous flight of a quadrotor drone using ultra-wideband (UWB) communication and an optical flow sensor. UWB communication obtains the distance between multiple ground stations and a mobile station on a robot, and the position is calculated based on a multilateration method similar to global positioning system (GPS). The update rate of positioning using only UWB communication devices is slow; hence, we improved the update rate by combining the UWB and inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor in the prior study. This study demonstrates the improvement of the positioning method and accuracy by sensor fusion of the UWB device, an IMU, and an optical flow sensor using the extended Kalman filter. The proposed method is validated by hovering and position control experiments and also realizes a sufficient rate and accuracy for autonomous flight.
Speed Control of a Mobile Robot Using Confidence of an Image Recognition Model
Authors: Kawahata Hiroto , Minami Yuki , Ishikawa Masato
Published: April 2023

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are often used for image recognition in automatic driving applications. Object recognition by a CNN generally uses a confidence score, which expresses the degree of recognition certainty. In most cases, the focus is on binary information, such as the size of the confidence score compared with a threshold value. However, in some cases the same recognition result has different scores. Even at intermediate confidence scores, the degree of recognition can be reflected in the control using the confidence score itself. Motivated by this idea, the aim of this study is to develop a method to control a mobile robot on the basis of the continuous confidence score itself, not on a binary judgment result from the score. Specifically, we designed a reference shaper that adjusts the reference speed according to the confidence score in which an obstacle exists. In the proposed controller, a higher score results in a smaller reference speed, which slows the robot. In a control experiment, we confirmed that the robot decelerated according to the confidence score, and demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Initial Localization of Mobile Robot Based on Expansion Resetting Without Manual Pose Adjustment in Robot Challenge Experiment
Authors: Takeda Seo , Umetani Tomohiro
Published: April 2023

This study proposes a method for estimating the initial position of a mobile robot during a mobile robot experiment using expansion resetting. Depending on the type of sensor attached to the robot and the robot position and orientation estimation method, many operations may be required to estimate the initial position of the robot during an experimental run. The proposed method reduces the time and manual operations required to estimate the initial position and orientation of a mobile robot. The implementation of the method and its experimental results demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the procedure.
Representative Beach Profile Generator
Authors: Spurgeon Scott
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) is to introduce an Esri ArcGIS Pro ArcPy Toolbox entitled “Representative Beach Profile Generator (RBPG)” that generates a single representative profile for a given study area based on elevation profiles. The toolbox aligns and averages input elevation profiles into a single profile based upon a chosen alignment feature. Furthermore, the toolbox allows the user to create maximum and minimum trapezoidal profile approximations for use within numerical models such as Storm-Induced BEAch CHange (SBEACH) and Beach-fx. This CHETN presents a brief description of the toolbox methods and includes a short demonstration of the toolbox’s application to help familiarize the user with inputs, outputs, and possible uses. The RBPG toolbox is available for public download at the link where this paper is hosted with the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center library services (library link will be inserted here).
A collaborative and near-comprehensive North Pacific humpback whale photo-ID dataset
Authors: Cheeseman Ted , Southerland Ken , Acebes Jo Marie , Audley Katherina , Barlow Jay , Bejder Lars , Birdsall Caitlin , Bradford Amanda , Byington Josie , Calambokidis John A. , Cartwright Rachel , Cedarleaf Jen , Chavez Andrea Jacqueline García , Currie Jens J. , De Weerdt Joëlle , Doe Nicole , Doniol-Valcroze Thomas , Dracott Karina , Filatova Olga , Finn Rachel , Flynn Kiirsten , Ford John , Frisch-Jordán Astrid , Gabriele Christine , Goodwin Beth , Hayslip Craig , Hildering Jackie , Hill Marie C. , Jacobsen Jeff , Jones Meagan , Kobayashi Nozomi , Lyman Edward , Malleson Mark , Mamaev Evgeny , Loustalot Pamela Martínez , Masterman Annie , Matkin Craig , McMillan Christie M. , Moore Jeff E. , Moran John R. , Neilson Janet , Newell Hayley , Okabe Haruna , Olio Marilia , Pack Adam , Palacios Daniel , Pearson Heidi , Quintana-Rizzo Ester , Barragán Raul Fernando Ramírez , Ransome Nicola , Sharpe Fred , Shaw Tasli , Stack Stephanie , Staniland Iain , Straley Jan , Szabo Andrew , Teerlink Suzie , Titova Olga , R. Jorge Urban , Aswegen Martin van , de Morais Marcel Vinicius , von Ziegesar Olga , Witteveen Briana , Wray Janie , Yano Kymberly , Zwiefelhofer Denny , Rosales-Nanduca Hiram , Jiménez-López M. Esther , Clapham Phil
Published: April 2023

We present an ocean-basin-scale dataset that includes tail fluke photographic identification (photo-ID) and encounter data for most living individual humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the North Pacific Ocean. The dataset was built through a broad collaboration combining 39 separate curated photo-ID catalogs, supplemented with community science data. Data from throughout the North Pacific were aggregated into 13 regions, including six breeding regions, six feeding regions, and one migratory corridor. All images were compared with minimal pre-processing using a recently developed machine learning artificial intelligence image recognition algorithm capable of rapidly detecting matches between individuals to an estimated 97–99% accuracy. For the study period of 2001 to 2021, a total of 27,956 unique individuals were documented in 157,350 encounters. Each individual was encountered, on average, in 5.6 sampling periods (i.e., breeding and feeding seasons), with an annual average of 87% of whales encountered in more than one season. The combined dataset and image recognition tool represents a living and accessible resource for collaborative, basin-wide studies of a keystone marine mammal in a time of rapid ecological change.
Parameterized Aperiodic and Periodic Components of Single-channel EEG Enable Reliable Seizure Detection
Authors: Liao Jiahui , Wang Jun , Zhan Chang'an A. , Yang Feng
Published: April 2023

Objective: While it is clinically important, a reliable and economical solution to automatic seizure detection for patients at home is yet to be developed. Traditional algorithms rely on multi-channel EEG signals and features of canonical EEG power decomposition. This study is aimed to parameterize the power spectra of EEG signals about their aperiodic and periodic components, and to examine the effectiveness of these novel features of a single-channel EEG for seizure detection.
Methods: We employed the publicly available multi-channel CHB-MIT Scalp EEG Database to gauge the effectiveness of our approach. We first adopted a power spectra parameterization method to characterize the aperiodic and periodic components of the ictal and inter-ictal EEGs and systematically performed the statistical analysis on parameters of these two characteristic components, by channel and by patient. We then tested the effectiveness of four highly discriminative features for automatic seizure detection using a support vector machine on a single-channel EEG selected for each patient. The performance of our algorithm was compared to those systems of comparable complexity (using one or two channels of EEG), in terms of accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, precision, and F1 score.
Results: Some channels of EEG for each patient show strikingly different distributions of the offset and exponent parameters characterizing the aperiodic components between the ictal and inter-ictal EEGs. Similarly, the two highest power of the periodic components (PW1 and PW2) also show significant differences. The total power (TPW1 and TPW2) at the frequencies corresponding to PW1 and PW2 demonstrate even greater statistical significance between the ictal and inter-ictal states. The seizure detection algorithm based on four features (offset, exponent, TPW1, and TPW2) offers a sensitivity of 97.7%, specificity of 99.5%, accuracy of 99.4%, precision of 97.5%, and F1 score of 97.4%.
Significance: A new approach to epileptic EEG feature extraction can better characterize the ictal and inter-ictal EEG signals and result in efficient and effective seizure detection based on a single channel of EEG.
Calpeptin is a potent cathepsin inhibitor and drug candidate for SARS-CoV-2 infections
Authors: Reinke Patrick , de Souza Edmarcia , Günther Sebastian , Falke Sven , Lieske Julia , Ewert Wiebke , Loboda Jure , Herrmann Alexander , Mashhour Aida Rahmani , Karnicar Katarina , Usenik Aleksandra , Lindic Natasa , Sekirnik Andreja , Botosso Viviane , Santelli Gláucia Machado , Kapronezai Josana , Araújo Marcelo de , Silva-Pereira Taiana , Filho Antonio Souza , Tavares Mariana , Flórez-Álvarez Lizdany , Oliveira Danielle , Durigon Edison , Giaretta Paula , Heinemann Marcos , Hauser Maurice , Seychell Brandon , Böhler Hendrik , Rut Wioletta , Drag Marcin , Beck Tobias , Cox Russell , Chapman Henry , Betzel Christian , Brehm Wolfgang , Hinrichs Winfried , Ebert Gregor , Latham Sharissa , Guimarães Ana Marcia , Turk Dušan , Wrenger Carsten , Meents Alke
Published: April 2023

Several drug screening campaigns identified Calpeptin as a drug candidate against SARS-CoV-2. Initially reported to target the viral main protease (Mpro), its moderate activity in Mpro inhibition assays hints at a second target. Indeed, we show that Calpeptin is an extremely potent cysteine cathepsin inhibitor, a finding additionally supported by X-ray crystallography. Cell infection assays proved Calpeptin’s efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. Treatment of SARS-CoV-2-infected Golden Syrian hamsters with sulfonated Calpeptin at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight significantly reduces the viral load in the trachea. Our results show that the inhibition of cathepsins, a protein family of the host organism, is a promising approach for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and potentially other viral infections. An intrinsic advantage in targeting host proteins is their mutational stability in contrast to highly mutable viral targets.
Mutation patterns in the antimalarial drug resistance markers- pvdhfr, pvdhps, pvmdr1 and pvk12 genes, among Plasmodium vivax isolates from a tertiary care setting in Puducherry
Authors: Stanley Pheba , Rajkumari Nonika , Sivaradjy Monika
Published: April 2023

Antimalarial drug efficacy is monitored through various methods in vivo and in vitro. The in vivo methods include therapeutic efficacy studies(TES) which track clinical and parasitological outcomes among patients receiving antimalarial treatment whereas the invitro methods aims at detecting mutations in the drug targets in the parasite which can render the parasite resistant to the drug. This study is aimed at detecting the mutation patterns in the parasite that confer resistance to the common antimalarial agents used in India. A total of 27 Plasmodium vivax isolates collected over a three year period were sequenced to detect mutations in the genes pvmdr1, pvdhfr, pvdhps and pvk12 which serve as the molecular targets to detect resistance to chloroquine, pyrimethamine, sulfadoxine and artemisinin respectively. The study found T958M F1076L double mutants of pvmdr1 in 52%(14/27) isolates, S58R S117N double mutants of pvdhfr in 67% (18/27) isolates, A383G A553G double mutant pvdhps in 59% (16/27) isolates and wild type of pvk12 gene in all the isolates. There was a rise in the double mutants of pvmdr1 and pvdhfr over time. Those cases with double mutant pvmdr1 gene in their isolates were found to have a prolonged hospital stay compared to those without, indicating reduced clinical response to chloroquine.
Changes in the vaginal microbiome during pregnancy and the postpartum period in South African women: a longitudinal study
Authors: Li Katherine , Li Fan , Jaspan Heather , Nyemba Dorothy , Myer Landon , Aldrovandi Grace , Joseph-Davey Dvora
Published: April 2023

African women have more diverse vaginal microbiota than women of European descent, and there is interest in the impact of this diversity on maternal health, including HIV and STI acquisition. We characterized the vaginal microbiota in a cohort of women ≥ 18 years with and without HIV in a longitudinal cohort over two visits during pregnancy and one visit postpartum. At each visit we obtained HIV testing and self-collected vaginal swabs for point of care testing for STIs and microbiome sequencing. We categorized microbial communities and evaluated changes over pregnancy and associations with HIV status and STI diagnosis. Across 242 women (mean age 29, 44% living with HIV, 33% diagnosed with STIs), we identified four main community state types (CSTs): two lactobacillus-dominant CSTs (dominated byLactobacillus crispatusandLactobacillus inersrespectively) and two diverse, non-lactobacillus-dominant CSTs (one dominated byGardnerella vaginalisand one by other facultative anaerobes). From first antenatal visit to third trimester (24–36 weeks gestation), 60% of women in theGardnerella-dominant CST shifted to Lactobacillus-dominant CSTs. From third trimester to postpartum (mean 17 days post-delivery), 80% of women inLactobacillus-dominant CSTs shifted to non-lactobacillus-dominant CSTs with a large proportion in the facultative anaerobe-dominant CST. Microbial composition differed by STI diagnosis (PERMANOVA R2 = 0.002, p = 0.004), and women diagnosed with an STI were more likely to be categorized with L.iners-dominant orGardnerella-dominant CSTs. Overall we found a shift toward lactobacillus dominance during pregnancy, and the emergence of a distinct, highly diverse anaerobe-dominant microbiome population in the postpartum period.
Tailoring error field of tokamak to control plasma instability and transport
Authors: Yang SeongMoo , Park Jong-Kyu , Jeon ‪YoungMu , Logan Nikolas , Lee Jaehyun , Hu Qiming , Lee JongHa , Kim SangKyeun , Kim Jaewook , Lee Hyungho , Na Yong-Su , Hahm Taik Soo , Choi Gyungjin , Park Gunyoung , Ko WonHa
Published: April 2023

A tokamak relies on the axisymmetric magnetic fields to confine fusion plasmas and aims to deliver sustainable and clean energy. However, misalignments arise inevitably in the tokamak construction, leading to small asymmetries in the magnetic field known as error fields (EFs). The EFs have been a major concern in the tokamak approaches because a small level EFs, even less than 0.1 %, can drive a plasma disruption. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we report that the EFs in a tokamak can be favorably used for controlling plasma instabilities, such as edge-localized modes (ELMs), while maintaining a hot fusion plasma at a temperature of 100 million kelvin. A novel optimization tailors the EFs to maintain an edge 3D response for ELM control with a minimized core 3D response to avoid plasma disruption and unnecessary degradation. We design and demonstrate such an edge-localized 3D response at the Korean Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research facility, benefiting from its unique flexibility to change many degrees of freedom in the 3D coil space for the various fusion plasma regimes. This favorable control of the tokamak EF represents a notable advance for designing intrinsically 3D tokamaks to optimize stability and confinement for the next-step fusion reactors.
SuNeRF: AI enables 3D reconstruction of the solar EUV corona
Authors: Jarolim Robert , Tremblay Benoit , Muñoz-Jaramillo Andrés , Bintsi Kyriaki-Margarita , Jungbluth Anna , Santos Miraflor , Vourlidas Angelos , Mason James , Sundaresan Sairam , Downs Cooper , Caplan Ronald
Published: April 2023

To understand the solar evolution and effects of solar eruptive events, the Sun is permanently observed by multiple satellite missions. The optically-thin emission of the solar plasma and the limited number of viewpoints make it challenging to reconstruct the geometry and structure of the solar atmosphere; however, this information is the missing link to understand the Sun as it is: a three-dimensional, evolving star.
We present a method that enables a complete 3D representation of the uppermost solar layer (corona) observed in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light. We use a deep learning approach for 3D scene representation that accounts for radiative transfer, to map the entire solar atmosphere from three simultaneous observations. We demonstrate that our approach provides unprecedented reconstructions of the solar poles, and directly enables height estimates of coronal structures, solar flux ropes, coronal hole profiles, and coronal mass ejections.
We validate the approach using model-generated synthetic EUV images, finding that our method accurately captures the 3D geometry even from a limited number of viewpoints. We quantify uncertainties of our model using an ensemble approach that allows us to estimate the model performance in absence of a ground-truth.
Our method enables a novel view of our closest star, and is a breakthrough technology for the efficient use of multi-instrument datasets, which paves the way for future cluster missions.
Investigation on surface integrity and process parameters optimization of carburized 18CrNiMo7-6 steel by induction-heating assisted ultrasonic surface rolling process
Authors: Liu Zhihua , Zheng Lingshuo , Tang Peng , Qin Shengwei
Published: April 2023

The effect of induction-heating assisted ultrasonic surface rolling process (IH-USRP) at different temperatures on the surface integrity of carburized 18CrNiMo7-6 steel was studied. The heating method is induction heating, and the heating temperature range is 100 °C ~ 300 °C. The residual stress, microhardness and surface topography of the modified layer on the sample surface were measured after ultrasonic surface rolling process (USRP). It was found that with the heating temperature increased, the residual compressive stress and the maximum residual compressive stress increased by 29% and 25.5% respectively, and the residual compressive stress depth also increased. The hardness affected layer increased from 1.5 mm to 1.8 mm, and the surface roughness decreased significantly. However, when the heating temperature is higher than the martensitic transformation temperature, the residual compressive stress and microhardness of the sample surface layer decreased, and the surface roughness increased. The process parameters of IH-USRP were optimized by grey correlation analysis method. The optimum process parameters to achieve the best surface integrity are static pressure 400 N, rotate speed 50 r/min, feed rate 0.04 mm/r and heating temperature 250 °C. The significant order of the effect on surface integrity are: static pressure > rotate speed > feed rate > heating temperature.