bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Umweltfreundliche Innovation durch Preissignale oder Regulation? / Environment-friendly Innovation by Price Signals or Regulation?
Authors: Grupp Hariolf
Published: September 2016

Es wird eine explorative ökonometrische Untersuchung zum Zusammenhang von umweltfreundlicher Innovation mit Markt- bzw. Politiksignalen vorgelegt. Die Variablen für nachhaltige Innovation (spezielle Patentindikatoren) und die für eine rationale Erwartungsbildung geeigneten Anreize (Mineralölpreis und Umweltschutzausgaben) sind kointegriert und werden entsprechend behandelt. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit die Preissignale langfristig als Innovationsanreize gewertet werden können und wie die kurzfristigen Wechselwirkungen des Innovationsgeschehens pro Umweltsektor (Abfallbehandlung, Gewässerschutz, Lärmverminderung und Luftreinhaltung) aussehen. Die vorliegende Analyse zeigt, dass die Sprache des Marktes allein schon deutlich ist: In langfristiger Hinsicht folgt die Innovationsrate zur Ressourcen- und Energieeinsparung dem Leitpreis für Rohstoffe. Die zeitliche Koppelung ist mit einer Jahresperiode eng. Blickt man allerdings in die kurzfristigen Bedingungen und Regulationen in den einzelnen Umweltschutzsektoren hinein, trifft man eine Vielfalt von durchaus nicht kohärenten Verhaltensmustern an. Nicht immer kommt dem technischen Fortschritt eine signifikante Rolle als Wirkung oder Auslöser marktlichen Geschehens zu, sondern ebenso kann man Einflüsse aus einer Auflagen- bzw. Beschaffungspolitik staatlicher Organe feststellen. Am prägnantesten lassen sich die Zusammenhänge am Beispiel der Luftreinhaltepolitik der letzten 15 Jahre studieren, die von erheblicher Regulationsänderung gekennzeichnet waren, was sich regressionsanalytisch sehr genau nachzeichnen und damit auch quantitativ untermauern lässt. Die vielfältigen rationalen Erwartungen über Maßnahmen und ihre Wirkungen sind grosso modo eingetreten.
Tangut, Gyalrongic, Kiranti and the nature of person indexation in Sino-Tibetan/Trans-Himalayan
Authors: Jacques Guillaume
Published: September 2016

The diachronic analysis of person indexation systems in Sino-Tibetan (Trans-Himalayan) languages is currently a topical issue. Factual errors have occasionally crept in, detracting somewhat from the quality of the linguistic discussion about these systems. Evidence from Tangut, Gyalrongic and Kiranti is so central to the debates that it appeared useful to provide a few clarifications about their person indexation systems, adducing evidence from a body of texts that has been considerably enriched in the past decade. The main points made in this paper can be summarized as follows. First, the view that personal affixes derive diachronically from pronouns is by no means as self-evident as it may seem. Second, person indexation in Tangut, the oldest Trans-Himalayan language with person indexation, is not optional, as has sometimes been stated in the literature. Third, person indexation in Gyalrongic and Kiranti is sensitive to grammatical relations, a finding which calls into question its analysis as marking speech act participant involvement.
L1 Conceptual Transfer in the Acquisition of L2 Motion Events in Spanish and English: The Thinking-for-Speaking Hypothesis
Authors: Sharpen Rosalie
Published: September 2016

This research paper takes and builds upon Slobin’s (1987) thinking-for-speaking hypothesis as a basis
for exploring the notion of conceptual transfer from the L1 in the acquisition and production of motion events
in an L2. This is achieved by investigating the extent to which L2 transfer presents itself in the expression of
motion in inverse translation tasks carried out by 27 native English speaking learners of Spanish and 32 native
Spanish speaking learners of English. The nature of this transfer is then investigated to establish whether or
not it appears to be conceptual. The tasks presented to participants contained items based on Talmy’s (1985)
research on cross-linguistic lexicalisation patterns in the expression of motion events, which, as Slobin (1987,
1996) later proposes, appear to dictate the conceptualisation of motion events in a language. Results reveal that
cognitive parameters in the participants’ native language affected their performance in the production of motion
events in their second language, in accord with Slobin’s (1987) thinking-for-speaking hypothesis. Finally, the
study concludes with a summary of these results.
‘Almost people’: A Learner Corpus Account of L2 Use and Misuse of Non-numerical Quantification
Authors: Crosthwaite Peter , Choy Lavigne L.Y. , Bae Yeonsuk
Published: September 2016

We present an Integrated Contrastive Model of non-numerical quantificational NPs (NNQs, i.e.
‘some people’) produced by L1 English speakers and Mandarin and Korean L2 English learners. Learner
corpus data was sourced from the ICNALE (Ishikawa, 2011, 2013) across four L2 proficiency levels. An
average 10% of L2 NNQs were specific to L2 varieties, including noun number mismatches (*‘many child’),
omitting obligatory quantifiers after adverbs (*‘almost people’), adding unnecessary particles (*‘all of
people’) and non-L1 English-like quantifier/noun agreement (*‘many water’). Significantly fewer ‘openclass’
NNQs (e.g a number of people) are produced by L2 learners, preferring ‘closed-class’ single lexical
quantifiers (following L1-like use). While such production is predictable via L1 transfer, Korean L2 English
learners produced significantly more L2-like NNQs at each proficiency level, which was not entirely
predictable under a transfer account. We thus consider whether positive transfer of other linguistic forms
(i.e. definiteness marking) aids the learnability of other L2 forms (i.e. expression of quantification).
Meaning-making across disparate realities: A new cognitive model for the personality-integrating response to fairy tales
Authors: Bolton Elizabeth
Published: September 2016

This paper reviews the extant literature on ways readers make meaning from fairy tales, and proposes a new cognitive model for the response to the traditional fairy tale. Much of the available research on literary responses to fairy tales comes from within the boundaries of psychoanalysis (Bettelheim 1975.The uses of enchantment: The meaning and importance of fairy tales. New York: Vintage; Dieckmann 1986.Twice-told tales: The psychological use of fairy tales. Wilmette: Chiron; Miller 1984.Thou shalt not be aware: Society’s betrayal of the child. New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux), as well as folklore studies and anthropology (Zipes 1983.Fairy tales and the art of subversion: The classical genre for children and the process of civilization. New York: Wildman Press; Zipes 2006.Why fairy tales stick: The evolution and relevance of a genre. New York: Routledge; Zipes 2012.The irresistible fairy tale: The cultural and social history of a genre. Princeton: Princeton University Press.). Although these fields do not often overlap, the therapeutic potential of fairy tales and relatively recent popularization of practices such as bibliotherapy (Jack and Ronan 2008. Bibliotherapy: Practice and research.School Psychology International29(2). 161–182) have provided a fertile ground for linking the two disciplines. I propose a cognitive model for the emotionally integrating response to the fairy tale by first introducing Rosenblatt’s (1978.The reader, the text, the poem. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press) transactional theory of making meaning from literature, and then in light of this theory, reviewing the psychoanalytic and anthropological evidence for fairy tales’ unique effect on readers. Previous theories explaining the emotional benefits of reading fairy tales have failed to consider characteristics of the genre which are unique to it, and which give fairy tales a hierarchically higher status than other genres due to the distance between the reality they depict, and the current reality of the reader. Transactional theory indicates that this higher status may play a crucial role in the genre’s ability to support healthy emotional development, as readers who establish close personal connections with the hierarchically valorized genre actually become active participants in a reading experience which provides them with comforting, indisputable affirmation of the uprightness of their own moral principles.
The Influence of Pitch Size on Running Performance and Physiological Responses During Hurling-Specific Small-Sided Games
Authors: Malone Shane , Collins Kieran D.
Published: September 2016

Malone, S and Collins, K. The Influence of pitch size on running performance and physiological responses during hurling-specific small-sided games. J Strength Cond Res 31(6): 1518–1524, 2017—The current study examined how the impact of pitch dimensions influences physiological and running performance during 4-minute small-sided games (SSGs). Twenty-four (n = 24) hurling players were monitored with global positioning system and heart rate monitors during the in-season training period. Total distance (in meters), high-speed running distance (in meters) (≥17 km·h−1), very high-speed running distance (≥22 km·h−1) (in meters), total accelerations (n), acceleration distance (in meters), and peak and mean velocity (in kilometers per hour) were calculated. Additionally, SSGs rate of perceived exertion (RPESSG; AU), % maximum heart rate, and individualized training impulse (iTRIMP; AU) were collected. The current results show that the manipulation of SSGs pitch size has an impact on the running performance and physiological responses. The data showed that SSGs played on large pitches (SSG80 × 20 m) had greater running demands than medium (SSG60 × 20 m) or small (SSG40 × 20 m) pitches, with significantly more distance covered in all movement categories. Total distance covered at high speed was 354 ± 111 m on a large pitch, 254 ± 72 m on a medium pitch, and 198 ± 62 m on a small pitch. Large pitch dimensions resulted in greater physiological and perceptual demands on players (higher %HRmax, iTRIMP [AU], and RPESSG [AU]) compared with medium and small pitches. The current data help applied practitioners to understand further how modifying different aspects of SSGs can alter the running and physiological responses of players. Moreover, applied practitioners now have consistent information to design and optimize their training time in mixing the physical, technical, and tactical elements within specific SSGs pitch dimensions.
ReducedVglut2/Slc17a6Gene Expression Levels throughout the Mouse Subthalamic Nucleus Cause Cell Loss and Structural Disorganization Followed by Increased Motor Activity and Decreased Sugar Consumption
Authors: Schweizer Nadine , Viereckel Thomas , Smith-Anttila Casey J.A. , Nordenankar Karin , Arvidsson Emma , Mahmoudi Souha , Zampera André , Wärner Jonsson Hanna , Bergquist Jonas , Lévesque Daniel , Konradsson-Geuken Åsa , Andersson Malin , Dumas Sylvie , Wallén-Mackenzie Åsa
Published: September 2016

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) plays a central role in motor, cognitive, and affective behavior. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the STN is the most common surgical intervention for advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD), and STN has lately gained attention as target for DBS in neuropsychiatric disorders, including obsessive compulsive disorder, eating disorders, and addiction. Animal studies using STN-DBS, lesioning, or inactivation of STN neurons have been used extensively alongside clinical studies to unravel the structural organization, circuitry, and function of the STN. Recent studies in rodent STN models have exposed different roles for STN neurons in reward-related functions. We have previously shown that the majority of STN neurons express the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 gene (Vglut2/Slc17a6) and that reduction of Vglut2 mRNA levels within the STN of mice [conditional knockout (cKO)] causes reduced postsynaptic activity and behavioral hyperlocomotion. The cKO mice showed less interest in fatty rewards, which motivated analysis of reward-response. The current results demonstrate decreased sugar consumption and strong rearing behavior, whereas biochemical analyses show altered dopaminergic and peptidergic activity in the striatum. The behavioral alterations were in fact correlated with opposite effects in the dorsal versus the ventral striatum. Significant cell loss and disorganization of the STN structure was identified, which likely accounts for the observed alterations. Rare genetic variants of the humanVGLUT2gene exist, and this study shows that reducedVglut2/Slc17a6gene expression levels exclusively within the STN of mice is sufficient to cause strong modifications in both the STN and the mesostriatal dopamine system.
Glucocorticoid receptor haplotype and metabolic syndrome: the Lifelines cohort study
Authors: Wester Vincent L , Koper Jan W , van den Akker Erica L T , Franco Oscar H , Stolk Ronald P , van Rossum Elisabeth F C
Published: September 2016

Objective

An excess of glucocorticoids (Cushing’s syndrome) is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) features. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene influence sensitivity to glucocorticoids and have been associated with aspects of MetS. However, results are inconsistent, perhaps due to the heterogeneity of the studied populations and limited samples. Furthermore, the possible association between functional GR SNPs and prevalence of MetS remains unexplored.

Design

Cross-sectional population-based cohort study.

Methods

MetS presence and carriage of functional GR SNPs (BclI, N363S, ER22/23EK, GR-9beta) were determined in 12 552 adult participants from Lifelines, a population-based cohort study in the Netherlands. GR SNPs were used to construct GR haplotypes.

Results

Five haplotypes accounted for 99.9% of all GR haplotypes found. No main effects of functional GR haplotypes on MetS were found, but the association of GR haplotype 4 (containing N363S) with MetS was influenced by interaction with age, sex and education status (P < 0.05). Stratified analysis revealed that haplotype 4 increased MetS presence in younger men (at or below the median age of 47; odds ratio 1.77, P = 0.005) and in people of low education status (odds ratio 1.48, P = 0.039).

Conclusions

A glucocorticoid receptor haplotype that confers increased sensitivity to glucocorticoids appears to increase the risk of metabolic syndrome, but only among younger men and less educated individuals, suggesting gene–environment interactions.
Rapid-sequence MRI for long-term surveillance for paraganglioma and phaeochromocytoma in patients with succinate dehydrogenase mutations
Authors: Daniel Eleni , Jones Robert , Bull Matthew , Newell-Price John
Published: September 2016

Background

Patients with SDHx mutations need long-term radiological surveillance for the development of paragangliomas and phaeochromocytomas, but no longitudinal data exist. The aim of the study was to assess the performance of rapid-sequence non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the long-term monitoring of patients with SDHx mutations.

Methods

Retrospective study between 2005 and 2015 at a University Hospital and regional endocrine genetics referral centre. Clinical and imaging data of 47 patients with SDHx mutations (SDHB (36), SDHC (6) and SDHD (5)) who had surveillance for detection of paragangliomas by rapid-sequence non-contrast MRI (base of skull to pubic symphysis) were collected.

Results

Twelve index cases (nine SDHB, one SDHC and two SDHD) and 35 mutation-positive relatives were monitored for a mean of 6.4 years (range 3.1–10.0 years). Mean age at the end of the study: SDHB 46.9 ± 17.6 years; SDHC 42.3 ± 24.4 years; SDHD 54.9 ± 10.6 years. On excluding imaging at initial diagnosis of index cases, 42 patients underwent 116 rapid-sequence MRI scans: 83 scans were negative and 31 scans were positive for sPGL/HNPGL in 13 patients. Most patients had multiple scans (n = number of patients (number of rapid-sequence MRI scans during screening)): n = 9 (2), n = 20 (3), n = 6 (4), n = 1 (6). Nine patients (three index) were diagnosed with new paragangliomas during surveillance and non-operated tumour size was monitored in nine patients. There were two false-positive scans (1.6%). Scans were repeated every 27 ± 9 months.

Conclusions

Biannual rapid-sequence non-contrast MRI is effective to monitor patients with SDHx mutations for detection of new tumours and monitoring of known tumours.
What Would Student-Based Allocation Mean for Pennsylvania School Districts?
Authors: Roza Marguerite , Warco Amanda
Published: September 2016

In recent months, policymakers across the country have been exploring state school financing formulas with the goals of promoting equity, transparency, and adequacy. Toward that end, state leaders are considering a new model for disbursing state education funds called “student-based allocation” (SBA)—one that would allocate funds on the basis of students. In fact, many states already have some sort of formula using students as the basis, although in practice, most essentially use a hybrid set of allocations such that the portion of funds allocated on the basis of students varies substantially across states. This analysis of 14 states shows that among the sampled states, between 0 and 85% of all state and local funds is allocated on the basis of students. In Pennsylvania, after operating in the absence of a formal allocation formula for several years, the Basic Education Funding Commission (BEFC) was tasked with recommending a new finance scheme for funding the state’s schools. In this paper, we outline the rationale behind SBA and investigate the extent to which the BEFC proposal would allocate funds on the basis of students.
Motor Development Interventions for Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hughes Anita J. , Redsell Sarah A. , Glazebrook Cris
Published: September 2016

CONTEXTS:

Preterm infants are at an increased risk of neurodevelopmental delay. Some studies report positive intervention effects on motor outcomes, but it is currently unclear which motor activities are most effective in the short and longer term.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of the study was to identify interventions that improve the motor development of preterm infants.

DATA SOURCES:

An a priori protocol was agreed upon. Seventeen electronic databases from 1980 to April 2015 and gray literature sources were searched.

STUDY SELECTION:

Three reviewers screened the articles.

DATA EXTRACTION:

The outcome of interest was motor skills assessment scores. All data collection and risk of bias assessments were agreed upon by the 3 reviewers.

RESULTS:

Forty-two publications, which reported results from 36 trials (25 randomized controlled trials and 11 nonrandomized studies) with a total of 3484 infants, met the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis was conducted by using standardized mean differences on 21 studies, with positive effects found at 3 months (mean 1.37; confidence interval 0.48–2.27), 6 months (0.34; 0.11–0.57), 12 months (0.73; 0.20–1.26), and 24 months (0.28; 0.07–0.49). At 3 months, there was a large and significant effect size for motor-specific interventions (2.00; 0.28–3.72) but not generic interventions (0.33; –0.03 to –0.69). Studies were not excluded on the basis of quality; therefore, heterogeneity was significant and the random-effects model was used.

LIMITATIONS:

Incomplete or inconsistent reporting of outcome measures limited the data available for meta-analysis beyond 24 months.

CONCLUSIONS:

A positive intervention effect on motor skills appears to be present up to 24 months’ corrected age. There is some evidence at 3 months that interventions with specific motor components are most effective.
Trends in Health Care Spending for Children in Medicaid With High Resource Use
Authors: Agrawal Rishi , Hall Matt , Cohen Eyal , Goodman Denise M. , Kuo Dennis Z. , Neff John M. , O’Neill Margaret , Thomson Joanna , Berry Jay G.
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVES:

To assess characteristics associated with health care spending trends among child high resource users in Medicaid.

METHODS:

This retrospective analysis included 48 743 children ages 1 to 18 years continuously enrolled from 2009–2013 in 10 state Medicaid programs (Truven MarketScan Medicaid Database) also in the top 5% of all health care spending in 2010. Using multivariable regression, associations were assessed between baseline demographic, clinical, and health services characteristics (using 2009–2010 data) with subsequent health care spending (ie, transiently, intermittently, persistently high) from 2011–2013.

RESULTS:

High spending from 2011–2013 was transient for 54.2%, persistent for 32.9%, and intermittent for 12.9%. Regarding demographic characteristics, the highest likelihood of persistent versus transient spending occurred in children aged 13 to 18 years versus 1 to 2 years in 2010 (odds ratio [OR], 3.0 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.7–3.4]). Regarding clinical characteristics, the highest likelihoods were in children with ≥6 chronic conditions (OR, 4.8 [95% CI, 3.5–6.6]), a respiratory complex chronic condition (OR, 2.5 [95% CI, 2.2–2.8]), or a neuromuscular complex chronic condition (OR, 2.3 [95% CI, 2.2–2.5]). Hospitalization and emergency department (ED) use in 2010 were associated with a decreased likelihood of persistent spending in 2011–2013 (hospitalization OR, 0.7 [95% CI, 0.7–0.7]); ED OR, 0.8 [95% CI, 0.8–0.8]).

CONCLUSIONS:

Most children with high spending in Medicaid are without persistently high spending in subsequent years. Adolescent age, multiple chronic conditions, and certain complex chronic conditions increased the likelihood of persistently high spending; hospital and ED use decreased it. These data may help inform the development of new models of care and financing to optimize health and save resources in children with high resource use.
Race and Partisanship: Congressional Redistricting In the South After the 2000 Census
Authors: Beachler Donald W.
Published: September 2016

Much of the literature on the effort to increase minority representation in Congress has focused on the extent to which creating majority-minority districts decreased the prospects for the election of Democrats. Little attention is paid to the partisanship of those drawing the district lines. An examination of redistricting in the South after the 2000 census indicates that Republican controlled state legislatures will distribute minority voters in a dramatically different fashion than will Democrat majority legislatures. When Democrats draw district lines, it is possible to draw district lines that benefit minority candidates and enhance overall Democratic electoral prospects.
Is it Better to Join the Majority? The Electoral Effects of Party Switching by Incumbent Southern State Legislators, 1972 to 2000
Authors: Grose Christian R.
Published: September 2016

What are the electoral effects of a change in partisan affiliation for legislators? To answer this question, 6357 state legislative elections from 1972 to 2000 in five southern states are examined. By comparing this subset of party-switching southern legislators to their non-switching colleagues, I am able to examine (1) whether partisan affiliation and changes in party labels affect electoral outcomes over the short- and long-term; and (2) whether switching parties into the majority party in the legislature affects electoral out-comes. The findings are that incumbent legislators who switch parties do worse in general elections following their switch, especially in elections immediately following their switch. However, once these legislators have switched parties, if their party takes control of the legislature, they do no worse than their non-switching colleagues. Interestingly, other results demonstrate that southern legislators who have switched from Democrat to Republican in the 1990s have done worse following their switches, suggesting that partisan realignment among voters has not been realized completely at the state legislative level.
Religion and Political Socialization in Context: A Regional Comparison of the Political Attitudes of American Jews
Authors: Wald Kenneth D. , Jelen Ted G.
Published: September 2016

The partisanship and ideological self-identification of Southern Jews in the United States are compared with those of Jews living outside the South. While there are few differences in the marginal distributions of these variables between the regions when the South is considered as a whole, we find that Jews living in Southern states other than Florida are more likely to consider themselves conservatives, while Jews living in Florida are more likely to identify with the Democratic Party. Further, political orientations are more differentiated among Jews outside the South. The implications of these findings for more general models of religious socialization are discussed.
Alabama: Commandments, Amendments, and Defendants
Authors: Cotter Patrick R.
Published: September 2016

Alabama’s 2004 election was a quiet affair. Signs that a presidential campaign was occurring-candidate visits, partisan rallies, hard-hitting television commercials, or get-out-the-vote efforts-were largely missing from the state. The outcome of Alabama’s U.S. Senate race was a forgone conclusion from the beginning of the year. All of the state’s congressmen were easily reelected. Contests for the few state offices up for election in 2004 were generally both invisible and uncompetitive. The only part of the ballot that generated any interest-and even here it was limited-involved a pro-posed amendment to Alabama’s already long state constitution.
Issues, Ideology, and the Rise of Republican Identification Among Southern Whites, 1982-2000
Authors: Knotts H. Gibbs , Abramowitz Alan I. , Allen Susan H. , Saunders Kyle L.
Published: September 2016

The South’s partisan shift from solidly Democratic to leaning Republican is one of the biggest transformations in American political history. This paper explores four explanations for this change: ideological self-identification and issue positions, changes in the ideological makeup of the parties, white southerners becoming more conservative, and conservative racial attitudes. The paper provides strong support for an ideological based realignment and little support for the alternative explanations. Overall, attitudes about the size of government and opinions about defense spending were the issues most highly correlated with partisan identification.
Latino Representation in the U. S. Congress: How Much and by Whom?
Authors: Huerta Juan Carlos , Santos Adolfo
Published: September 2016

Research on measuring support for Latino issues in Congress has found that party affiliation is the primary influence on the level of support. The research also demonstrates that under certain scenarios, Latino representatives do provide more substantive Latino representation than do non-Latino representatives. The purpose of this project is to re-evaluate these earlier findings using more recent data in a changed political context. In addition, the project will examine the effects that different types of Democrats have on Latino representation. The findings suggest that when it comes to support for Latino issues, there are differences between the parties, and within the Democratic Party. An unexpected source of Latino representation, members of the Congressional Black Caucus, is also revealed in the findings.
Information, Misinformation, and Political Participation
Authors: White Kenneth Michael , Binder Michael , Ledet Richard , Hofstetter C. Richard
Published: September 2016

This research addresses the extent to which political participation is a function of misinformation. A large body of work links information with participation, but relatively few authors have addressed the relationship between misinformation and participation. We use data from a 1997 random-digit-dial survey of 810 adults in San Diego to test the hypothesis that misinformation (confident beliefs in false facts) is associated with political participation even after controlling for other explanations, including information. We find that while both misinformation and information tend to increase participation levels, their specific impacts vary. This research ends a period of speculation by presenting empirical evidence of misinformed participation for the first time in the literature.
Caracterização Nutricional de Pacientes com Úlceras Crônicas de Membros Inferiores em Tratamento no Ambulatório de Feridas do Campus Cedeteg da UNICENTRO, Guarapuava-PR
Authors: Santos Michele Dal , Franco Silvana , Sanches Fabiane La Flor Ziegler , Rosalva Raquel , Hack Jaqueline , Meotti Nathália , Magro Marcela
Published: September 2016

Pacientes com úlceras crônicas, muitas vezes, apresentam hábitos alimentares inadequados que dificultam a cicatrização, seja pela falta de nutrientes ou pelo excesso destes. Sendo assim, objetivou-se caracterizar o estado nutricional e a prevalência de doenças crônicas de pacientes com úlceras nos membros inferiores em tratamento no Ambulatório de Feridas do Campus Cedeteg da Unicentro, Guarapuava - PR. Estudo transversal quantitativo, constituído por 36 pacientes. Os dados foram obtidos em formulários estruturados. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o programa SPSS versão 15.0 para Windows, considerando-se 5% de significância. As idades variaram de 40 a 76 anos. O tipo de úlcera mais presente na amostra foi a venosa com 72% (n=26), seguido de neuropática por hanseníase com 20% (n=7). A doença crônica mais prevalente foi hipertensão arterial sistêmica (52,8%), seguido de insuficiência venosa (30,6%), diabetes melittus (19,4%) e obesidade (33,3%). Segundo o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), 41,6% apresentou eutrofia e de acordo com a circunferência da cintura (CC), 75% da amostra apresentou a medida acima do recomendado. Os valores de ingestão de nutrientes encontraram-se abaixo do recomendado para homens e para mulheres para vitamina A (p=0,0001 e p=0,002), vitamina C (p=0,001 e 0,016), zinco (p=0,080 e p=0,001) e de proteínas somente para as mulheres (p=0,020). Ainda, o grupo dos homens, apresentou uma ingestão adequada de calorias e elevada de proteínas e ferro. Percebeu-se que esses pacientes necessitam de estratégias voltadas para a alimentação e controle das comorbidades, a fim de favorecer a cicatrização das úlceras.
Multimodal Learning Analytics and Education Data Mining: using computational technologies to measure complex learning tasks
Authors: Blikstein Paulo , Worsley Marcelo
Published: September 2016

New high-frequency multimodal data collection technologies and machine learning analysis techniques could offer new insights into learning, especially when students have the opportunity to generate unique, personalized artifacts, such as computer programs, robots, and solutions engineering challenges. To date most of the work on learning analytics and educational data mining has been focused on online courses and cognitive tutors, both of which provide a high degree of structure to the tasks, and are restricted to interactions that occur in front of a computer screen. In this paper, we argue that multimodal learning analytics can offer new insights into students’ learning trajectories in more complex and open-ended learning environments. We present several examples of this work and its educational application.
Towards the Discovery of Learner Metacognition From Reflective Writing
Authors: Gibson Andrew , Kitto Kirsty , Bruza Peter
Published: September 2016

Modern society demands renewed attention on the competencies required to best equip students for a dynamic and uncertain future. We present exploratory work based on the premise that metacognitive and reflective competencies are essential for this task. Bringing the concepts of metacognition and reflection together into a conceptual model within which we conceived of them as both a set of similar features, and as a spectrum ranging from the unconscious inner-self through to the conscious external social self. This model was used to guide exploratory computational analysis of 6090 instances of reflective writing authored by undergraduate students. We found the conceptual model to be useful in informing the computational analysis, which in turn showed potential for automating the discovery of metacognitive activity in reflective writing, an approach that holds promise for the generation of formative feedback for students as they work towards developing core 21st century competencies.
Practical Measurement and Productive Persistence: Strategies for Using Digital Learning System Data to Drive Improvement
Authors: Krumm Andrew Edward , Beattie Rachel , Takahashi Sola , D'Angelo Cynthia , Feng Mingyu , Cheng Britte
Published: September 2016

This paper outlines the development of practical measures of productive persistence using digital learning system data. Practical measurement refers to data collection and analysis approaches originating from improvement science, and productive persistence refers to the combination of academic and social mindsets as well as learning behaviors that are important drivers of student success within the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching’s Community College Pathways Network Improvement Community. Strategies for operationalizing noncognitive factors using learning system data as well as approaches for using them as improvement measures are described.
Marks Should Not Be the Focus of Assessment – But How Can Change Be Achieved?
Authors: Thompson Darrall G
Published: September 2016

This paper attempts to address the possibility of real change after a hundred years of exam-based assessments that produce a single mark or grade as feedback on students’ progress and abilities. It uses design thinking and a reframing of the assessment space to foreground an attribute-based approach that retains the diversity of aspects of a student’s performance across subject boundaries. There are a number of rationales and concepts built into this approach that aim to divert staff and student focus from marks, content delivery, and retention, towards the development of knowledge literacies, conceptual frameworks, and a broad range of personal qualities and skills. Web-based software (REVIEW) developed and refined for more than a decade to facilitate this approach retains categorised student progress data through the day-to-day criterion-referenced marking of assignments and exams. Education research cited proposes that institutions should engage students as a partner in their personal and professional development rather than as a customer buying a degree. It is suggested and illustrated in this paper that the use of self-assessment and visual feedback on different categories of progress is part of the key to forming such a partnership.
Ethical Considerations for Perinatal Toxicology Screening
Authors: Kohsman Mindy G.
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Neonatal nurses frequently care for babies who have been exposed in utero to potentially harmful substances, both licit and illicit. The risks to the fetus from nicotine, marijuana, alcohol, and opiates are significant. Adverse effects from environmental factors may confound pharmacologic effects of substances. Nurses are called to shift the perception of substance use disorder from that of willful harm to the fetus to that of an opportunity to provide treatment assistance that can positively affect child health and development. Concerns for unethical practices in the toxicology screening of pregnant women and their babies by risk factors that are unproven or disproven are discussed, and three goals of toxicology screening based on the ethical principles of justice and beneficence are proposed. This article will help equip neonatal nurses to fulfill their professional responsibility to advocate for just screening and referral practices in their institutions and communities.
Nonpharmacologic Management of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: An Integrative Review
Authors: Edwards Lindy , Brown Lisa F.
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) affects 3.39 in every 1,000 live births. A literature review was conducted to determine the varying types of nonpharmacologic management being used currently and its effect on the treatment of NAS symptoms. Fourteen articles were found that used nonpharmacologic management in the treatment of NAS. Therapies included breastfeeding, positioning, rooming-in, acupuncture/acupressure, and beds. Each of the nonpharmacologic therapies in these articles, with the exception of rocking beds, was shown to have a positive effect on the newborn with NAS. These effects include a shorter length of stay, a decrease in NAS scores, a decrease need for pharmacologic treatment, less agitation, a better quality of sleep, and a decrease in the severity of NAS symptoms. This review article shows that nonpharmacologic management is an effective tool for NAS symptom treatment.
Pharmacotherapy for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: Choosing the Right Opioid or No Opioid at All
Authors: McPherson Christopher
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) from in utero opioid exposure has reached epidemic levels in the United States. Although nonpharmacologic therapies form the foundation of care, many neonates require pharmacotherapy. Morphine represents the most widely used first-line agent and effectively treats the symptoms of withdrawal. However, methadone or buprenorphine may facilitate earlier discharge. Although phenobarbital is traditionally used when opioids fail, clonidine may be a more appropriate adjunctive agent to minimize negative neurodevelopmental impact. Consideration of the available data allows hospitals to generate effective pharmacologic strategies to manage NAS while further research continues.
Drug Screening in Neonates
Authors: Bell Susan Givens
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Gestational substance exposure continues to be a significant problem. Neonates may be exposed to various substances including illicit drugs, prescription drugs, and other legal substances that are best not used during pregnancy because of their potential deleterious effects as possible teratogens or their potential to create dependence and thus withdrawal in the neonate. Screening the newborn for gestational substance exposure is important for both acute care and early intervention to promote the best possible long-term outcomes. This column provides insight into what is known about the extent of substance use by pregnant women, an overview of neonatal biologic matrices for drug testing, and a discussion of the legal implications of neonatal substance screening.
Housing Assistance and Blood Lead Levels: Children in the United States, 2005–2012
Authors: Ahrens Katherine A. , Haley Barbara A. , Rossen Lauren M. , Lloyd Patricia C. , Aoki Yutaka
Published: September 2016

Objectives. To compare blood lead levels (BLLs) among US children aged 1 to 5 years according to receipt of federal housing assistance.

Methods. In our analyses, we used 2005 to 2012 data for National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) respondents that were linked to 1999 to 2014 administrative records from the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). After we restricted the analysis to children with family income-to-poverty ratios below 200%, we compared geometric mean BLLs and the prevalence of BLLs of 3 micrograms per deciliter or higher among children who were living in assisted housing at the time of their NHANES blood draw (n = 151) with data for children who did not receive housing assistance (n = 1099).

Results. After adjustment, children living in assisted housing had a significantly lower geometric mean BLL (1.44 µg/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31, 1.57) than comparable children who did not receive housing assistance (1.79 µg/dL; 95% CI = 1.59, 2.01; P < .01). The prevalence ratio for BLLs of 3 micrograms per deciliter or higher was 0.51 (95% CI = 0.33, 0.81; P < .01).

Conclusions. Children aged 1 to 5 years during 2005 to 2012 who were living in HUD-assisted housing had lower BLLs than expected given their demographic, socioeconomic, and family characteristics.
EX VITRO ROOTING OF OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) PLANTLETS DERIVED FROM TISSUE CULTURE
Authors: Sumaryono Sumaryono , Riyadi Imron
Published: September 2016

Plantlets of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) derived from so-matic embryos sometimes do not form well developed-roots. Root formation of unrooted-plantlets can be induced with aux-in during ex vitro acclimatization period to simplify the proce-dure and to reduce seedling production cost. Experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design to determine the effect of different types of auxin, i.e. indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and 1-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) at different concentrations, i.e. 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mM on root development of oil palm plantlets. The plantlets used were derived from somatic embryos of MK 649 oil palm clone. The basal end of the shoots was dipped in auxin solution for 10 minutes before the shoot was cultured in a small plastic pot containing a mixed growing medium. The cultures were then placed inside a closed transparent plastic tunnel (240 cm x 100 cm x 95 cm) for 12 weeks. The results showed that without auxin treatment only 15% of the shoots formed roots. Dipping in auxin solution increased significantly root frequen-cy to more than 50%. The best root formation was found on the shoots treated with 2 mM NAA by which rooting frequency was 80%. Auxin treatments also increased root quality as indi-cated by more number of primary and secondary roots. IAA, IBA, and NAA treatments at all concentrations tested increased significantly shoot height on average by 42% and shoot diame-ter by 30% compared to control treatment, but did not influ-ence root length. The best treatment for inducing roots of oil palm plantlets ex vitro was by dipping the basal end of the plant-lets in 2 mM NAA solution. The result showed that rooting of oil palm plantlets could be successfully conducted ex vitro that would eliminate sterile rooting stage thus simplify the protocol and reduce seedling production time and cost.
RURAL FARMERS’ PERCEPTION OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN CENTRAL AGRICULTURAL ZONE OF DELTA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Ofuoku A.U.
Published: September 2016

Farmer perception of their environment is a factor of climate change. Adaptation to climate change requires farmers to realize that the climate has changed and they must identify useful adaptations and implement them. This study analyzed the per-ception of climate change among rural farmers in central agri-cultural zone of Delta State, Nigeria. Climate change studies often assume certain adaptations and minimal examination of how, when, why, and conditions under which adaptations usually take place in any economic and social systems. The study was conducted by survey method on 131 respondents using struc-tured interview schedule and questionnaire. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and linear regression model to test that education, gender, and farming experience influenced farmers’ perception of climate change. The results showed that the farmers were aware of climate change. The identified causes of climate change were ranging from intensified agriculture, population explosion, increased use of fossil fuel, loss of in-digenous know practice to gas flaring. The effects of climate change on crops and livestocks were also identified by the rural farmers. Many of the farmers adapted to climate change by planting trees, carrying out soil conservation practice, changing planting dates, using different crop varieties, installing fans in livestock pens, and applying irrigation. Almost half of them did not adapt to climate change. The linear regression analysis revealed that education, gender, and farming experience influ-enced farmers’ perception of climate change. The major barriers to adaptation to climate change included lack of information, lack of money, and inadequate land.
AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR ASSESSING AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT IN UPPER BRANTAS WATERSHED, INDONESIA
Authors: Shofiyati Rizatus , Honda Kiyoshi , Pawitan Hidayat
Published: September 2016

In Indonesia, drought disasters have been reoccurring more frequently in recent years. The 1997-1998 El Nino had caused the worst drought to Indonesia in the last 50 years and disrupted rice production. Remote sensing (RS) and geographic informa-tion system (GIS) provide good capability to achieve spatially distributed information over wide area coverage and multi-temporal data to give sufficient information to anticipate those situations. The study aimed to develop a method using GIS combined with satellite data for monitoring and assessing agri-cultural drought in Brantas Watershed, Indonesia. The drought factors were determined based on expert knowledge analysis. Risk assessment method was developed using weighting which is determined based on significant factors of drought, i.e. rainfall pattern, irrigation status, ground water capacity, soil drainage, and land cover. Satellite data were used to analyze the characteristics of temporal variations of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) against drought factors. Weighting scores were determined by analyzing NDVI character using changes in NDVI and normal line diagram of each factor. The accuracy of drought risk map was evaluated by comparing drought risk level and NDVI value. The results indicated that expert knowledge analysis of the drought factors showed significant influence on NDVI value. Drought risk and drought status showed a high positive correlation with R2 = 0.85 for NOAA AVHRR, meaning that there is a significant correlation between the two (r = 0.92). The results of this study can be used to determine spatially location of drought-prone areas based on bio-physical factor causes. Therefore, it can be make recom-mendation for prevention of agricultural drought in the future.