bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aging of the Neuromuscular System: What Are the Causes of Age-Related Loss of Strength and Muscle Mass, and Can We Prevent Its Development and Progression?
Authors: Gustafsson Thomas , Ulfhake Brun
Published: September 2024

When we grow old, we experience loss of muscle strength and power, a condition commonly referred to as sarcopenia (ICD-10-CM code (M62.84)). Sarcopenia leads to disability in 5-10% of the population. In this review we emphasise that it is not a sudden event, but a deterioration that occurs over time but is only recognised as a disease when it becomes clinically manifest in the 6th-7th decade of life. Evidence from animal studies, elite athletes and longitudinal population studies all confers that once sarcopenia is manifested, the underlying process has been ongoing for decades. We present various hypotheses about the underlying cause(s) of this process and their supporting evidence, i.e. does this disease have a neurogenic, a myogenic or a scaffold-related origin? We briefly review various proposals to alleviate sarcopenia, including stem cell rejuvenation, combating scaffold degeneration, reducing senescent cell burden, skeletal muscle secretomes and muscle innervation. We conclude that although there are potential target candidates and ongoing preclinical and clinical trials with drug treatments, the only evidence-based intervention today is exercise. We present different execrcise programmes and discuss to what extent the inter-individual susceptibility to developing sarcopenia is due to our genetic predisposition or lifestyle factors.
The Role of Chemerin in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer
Authors: Mylonakis Adam , Frountzas Maximos , Lidoriki Irene , Kozadinos Alexandros , Kalfoutzou Areti , Karanikki Eva , Tsikrikou Ilianna , Kyriakidou Maria , Theodorou Dimitrios , Toutouzas Konstantinos G. , Schizas Dimitrios
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Chemerin, which is a multifunctional cytokine and adipokine, has been implicated in inflammatory and metabolic processes and might play a role in upper gastrointes-tinal (GI) malignancies, particularly gastric and esophageal cancer. The aim of this review is to explore the role of chemerin in the pathophysiology of upper GI cancers, as well as its potential as a biomarker for early detection and as a therapeutic target. Methods: A comprehensive review of recent studies about chemerin's biochemical properties and interaction with its receptors, as well as its effects on inflammatory responses, immune regulation and metabolic processes was con-ducted. Clinical implications of chemerin on gastric and esophageal cancer were analyzed, whereas the potential therapeutic strategies targeting chemerin were discussed. Results: Elevated chemerin levels are associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer and promote invasiveness and metastasis in esophageal cancer. Chemerin receptor antagonists show promising results in inhibiting cancer cell migration, invasion and progression. Conclusions: Chemerin could repre-sent a valuable prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for upper GI cancers. Future observa-tional studies should validate its clinical applications and investigate the efficacy of chemerin in-hibitors as potential therapeutic targets.
Antioxidant Activity of Zingiber Officinale R. Extract Using Pressurized Liquid Extraction Method
Authors: Saldaña-Olguin Marlon , Quispe-Ciudad Bernardo Junior , Aguirre-Vargas Elza Berta
Published: September 2024

Global demand for food shows an increasing trend, which implies that volumes of food waste also increase. These wastes contain bioactive compounds that are not properly utilized or valorized. It was reported that ginger waste contains phenolic compounds with high antioxidant activity. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of temperature, time, and particle size on the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) of ginger (Zingiber officinale R.) waste aqueous extract using the Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) method with water as the sole solvent. Box-Behnken design was used. The sample was 1.60 kg of dried ginger peel powder. Data analysis was performed with Minitab ® 19.1 (64-bit). TPC ranged from 10.42 to 14.1 mg GAE/g, and AA (DPPH method) ranged from 72.9 to 111.9 μmol TE/g. The model explained 81.07% of AA’s total variability. Positive correlation was found between TPC and AA (Pearson's ρ = 0.58, p < 0.05). Response optimization values were 126 °C and 38 min. Temperature was a significant factor (p < 0.05) influencing AA, while time and particle size were not significant. Higher temperatures, longer extraction times and smaller particle sizes increase TPC and AA of the ginger waste aqueous extract.
Direct Current To Digital Converter (DCDC): A Current Sensor
Authors: Karimpour Saeid , Sekyere Michael , Bruce Isaac , Nti Darko Emmanuel , Chen Degang , McAndrew Colin C. , Garrity Doug , Jin Xiankun , Hatirnaz Ilhan , He Chen
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces a systematic approach to the design of Direct Current-to-Digital Converter (DCDC) specifically engineered to overcome the limitations of traditional current measurement methodologies in System-on-Chip (SoC) designs. The proposed DCDC addresses critical challenges such as high power consumption, large area requirements, and the need for intermediate analog signals. By incorporating a current mirror in a cascode topology and managing the current across multiple binary-sized branches with the Successive Approximation Register (SAR) logic, the design achieves precise current measurement. A simple comparator, coupled with an isolation circuit, ensures accurate and reliable sensing. Fabricated using the TSMC 180 nm process, the DCDC achieves 8-bit precision without the need for nonlinearity calibration, showcasing remarkable energy efficiency with an energy per conversion of 1.52 pJ, power consumption of 117 µW, and a compact area of 0.016 mm². This innovative approach not only reduces power consumption and area, but also provides a scalable and efficient solution for next-generation semiconductor technologies. The ability to conduct online measurements during both standard operations and in-field conditions significantly enhances the performance and reliability of SoCs, making this DCDC a promising advancement in the field.
Research on Bearing Fault Diagnosis Methods Based on Various Convolutional Neural Network Architectures
Authors: Xu Mingshen
Published: September 2024

Bearing fault diagnosis is crucial for ensuring the stable operation of mechanical equipment. With the continuous development of deep learning technology, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have demonstrated significant advantages in the field of fault diagnosis. This paper proposes a new method that combines various CNN architectures to improve the accuracy of bearing fault diagnosis. We designed five different convolutional network structures, including SerConv, ResConv, One-Shot Aggregation Convolution (OSAConv), Cross-Stage Aggregation Convolution (CSAConv), and MD-DAConv. Experimental results on the Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) bearing dataset show that the proposed method exhibits high accuracy and robustness in fault diagnosis. The results indicate that strategies such as multi-directional, multi-scale, and residual connections play a crucial role in enhancing the depth and breadth of feature extraction, while simple and effective feature fusion and information transmission mechanisms are key to ensuring the robustness and generalization ability of the model.
The Creative Awareness Theory: A Grounded Theory Study of Inherent Self-Regulation in Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Champ Rebecca E. , Adamou Marios , Gillibrand Warren , Arrey Sally , Tolchard Barry
Published: September 2024

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine why and how adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience variable impairment and identify the processes and strategies adults with ADHD use to develop positive self-regulation skills. Methods: A mixed cohort of 11 participants (6 female and 5 male) from a university, an adult ADHD clinic and an ADHD support group in the UK were interviewed online between September 2021 and February 2022. Data were collected and analysed simultaneously, inspired by constructivist grounded theory methodology. Results: Participants described a “polar awareness of difference” from others in terms of engagement and ADHD characteristics, and a “polar awareness of consciousness” experienced as the states of chaotic attention and hyperfocus, both of which impact core perceptions of self. Using an infinity paradigm, the results demonstrate unskilled attempts to self-regulate within and between these states using self-absorption or self-transcendence strategies including their inherent challenges and energetic cost. Our results further indicate that at the centre of this dynamic paradigm creative awareness strategies exist, which exemplify polarity awareness and the regulation of that awareness supported by an authentic inner compass (AIC). Conclusions: This paper presents the empirical foundation for the ADHD Creative Awareness Theory (CAT) – a new theory for understanding the experience of ADHD consciousness and environmental engagement. Practice implications are explored, and recommendations include use of the CAT as a framework for understanding and development of inherent self-regulation skills for adults with ADHD.
Multidisciplinary Professional Talent Cultivation in the Internationalization of China’s Agri-Sci-Tech Industry
Authors: Xiong Xin
Published: September 2024

The advancement of agricultural technology is intrinsically linked to the evolution of the agricultural industry, with the latter being contingent upon technological progress for its sustained enhancement. In the context of China, a nation of significant agricultural stature, the globalization of agricultural science and technology (Agri-Sci-Tech) has emerged as a pivotal narrative within the country's agricultural growth trajectory. The strategic alignment of China's Agri-Sci-Tech industry with its global counterparts is driven by the ambition to assimilate sophisticated agricultural production techniques and managerial acumen from its Western counterparts, thereby catalyzing the international expansion of the nation's Agri-Sci-Tech endeavors. This scholarly discourse delves into the imperative of interdisciplinary convergence, underscoring the paradigm and intrinsic attributes associated with the cultivation of agricultural expertise. It scrutinizes the prevailing state of foreign language instruction within the academic curriculum, positing strategic interventions and recommendations for the development of a robust agricultural foreign language talent cultivation framework. The treatise accentuates the criticality of cultivating a multifaceted agricultural talent pool proficient in foreign languages, advocating for a "professional+foreign language" model that facilitates international dialog within China's Agri-Sci-Tech industry and bolsters the creation of globally recognized brands. Moreover, the cultivation of a "foreign language+professional" composite talent model is posited as a transformative solution to the existing impasse in foreign language education in China, offering a novel pathway for educational innovation and global competitiveness within the agricultural domain.
The Eye of Every Storm: Policy Entrepreneurs to Strengthen the Role of Energy Efficiency in EU Climate Policy
Authors: von Malmborg Fredrik
Published: September 2024

Contextualising the narrative on energy efficiency as the first fuel in the clean energy transition, the energy efficiency first principle (EE1) was introduced in EU energy and climate policy with Energy Union communication in 2015 and made nonbinding with the EU Governance Regulation in 2018. In 2023, the EU legislators made EE1 legally binding to apply in policy, planning and investment decisions exceeding 100 million euros each and 175 million euros in the transport sector across all sectors that affect the energy system. By applying the multiple streams framework, this article analyses the role of policy entrepreneurs in the policy process and politics of making EE1 binding through qualitative text analysis of policy documents, position papers and reports from EU negotiations. The analysis shows how nonprofit and nongovernmental organisations such as the Regulatory Assistance Project, the European Climate Foundation and the Energy Efficiency Financial Institutions Group, as well as the European Commission and the rotating Council Presidency, were critical policy entrepreneurs for coupling the problem, policy and politics streams. The coupling was performed once a policy window was opened by the Paris Agreement on climate change, the entering office of the Ursula von der Leyen European Commission in late 2019, immediately presenting the European Grean Deal as the EU’s climate action plan and green growth strategy, and the energy crisis in Europe following Russia’s second war on Ukraine, leading the Commission to present the REPowerEU Plan and the EU Save Energy Strategy. This paper provides better knowledge of the policy processes and politics related to EE1, contextualising and concretising the concept of energy efficiency as the first fuel into binding law.
Robust and Accurate Recognition of Carriage Linear Array Images for Train Fault Detection
Authors: Fu Zhenzhou , Pan Xiao
Published: September 2024

Train fault detection primarily relies on the comparative analysis of collected images with standard reference images, making the accurate identification of the collected image types crucial for effective fault detection. Most current systems achieve indirect classification of carriage images by using Automatic Equipment Identification (AEI) devices to recognize carriage identification number information while capturing the carriage images. However, damaged RF tags or blurred characters can hinder these devices, obstructing further train fault analyses. The unique features of carriage linear array images, such as high resolution, extreme aspect ratios, and local non-linear distortions, pose significant challenges to recognition algorithms. This paper proposes a method specifically designed to recognize these types of images. First, we implement an object detection algorithm to locate the positions of key components in carriage linear array images. By leveraging the spatial layout mapping between these key components and the carriage type classification, we simplify the complex image recognition problem into a sparse point set alignment task. To ensure effective registration despite local distortions in the linear array images, we propose a weighted radial basis function. To address the issues of unknown matching relationships and quantity mismatches during point set alignment, the proposed objective function is designed to maximize the similarity between Gaussian mixtures of point sets, thereby determining the RBF weights. Extensive experiments have demonstrated that our algorithm achieves 100% recognition accuracy under local nonlinear scale distortions of less than 15%. The algorithm remains effective even in the presence of some false positives or missed detections in key component object detection results. It can accurately identify the target category from 79 image categories within 24 milliseconds on an i7 CPU without GPU support. It is of great significance to reduce system cost and promote automatic exterior fault detection for train rolling stock.
A Decade of Experience between Open and Minimally-Invasive Hepatectomies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Park Andrew Min-Gi , Kwon Ye In Christopher , Savsani Kush , Sharma Aadi , Sambommatsu Yuzuru , Imai Daisuke , Khan Aamir , Sharma Amit , Saeed Irfan , Kumaran Vinay , Cotterell Adrian , Levy Marlon , Bruno David , Lee Seung Duk
Published: September 2024

Background

Hepatic resection offers promising outcomes for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but can be constrained by factors like patient suitability. Continuous advancements in laparoscopic and robotic technologies have made minimally invasive hepatectomies (MIH) viable alternatives to open hepatectomies with benefits in recovery and complications.

Materials and Methods

We completed a retrospective review on 138 HCC patients at the Hume-Lee Transplant Center that underwent OH or MIH between 2010 and 2020. Univariate and multivariate analyses were completed on demographic, clinical, and tumor-specific data were collected to assess the impact of these variables on overall and disease-free survival at 1-, 3-, and 5-years. Preoperative metrics like length of hospital stay (LOS) and operation duration were also evaluated.

Results

Of the 109 OH and 29 MIH patients, MIH patients demonstrated shorter LOS and operative times. However, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were similar between groups, with no significant variations in 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates. Ages > 60 years and lack of preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) were significant predictors of inferior OS and DFS in multivariate analyses.

Conclusions

MIH is an efficient substitute to OH with comparable survival even in older patients. The reduced LOS and operation time enhances its feasibility, and older patients previously denied for curative resection may qualify for MIH. Preoperative TACE also enhances survival outcomes, emphasizing its general role in managing resectable HCCs. Both robotic and laparoscopic hepatectomies offer acceptable short- and long-term clinical outcomes, highlighting MIH as the standard choice for HCC patients.
Integrating YOLOv5, Jetson Nano, and Mitsubishi Manipulator for Real-time Machine Vision Application in Manufacturing
Authors: Kirda Ardian Webi , Majewski Paweł , Bursy Gerard , Bartoszuk Marian , Yassin Hayati , Krolczyk Grzegorz , Akbar Nur Arifin , Caesarendra Wahyu
Published: September 2024

(1) Background: Efficient detection and rectification of defects or post-processing manufacturing conditions such as sharp edges and burrs on metal components are crucial for quality control in precision manufacturing industries. (2) Methods: This paper describes a lab-scale integrated system for real-time and automated metal edge image detection using a customized YOLOv5 ma-chine vision algorithm. The YOLOv5 algorithm and model were developed and embedded in the NVIDIA Jetson Nano microprocessor. The YOLOv5 model can detect three different image types for classification i.e., normal, sharp, and burrs edge on aluminum workpiece blocks. An integrated system connects the NVIDIA Jetson Nano with an embedded YOLOv5 model to a Mitsubishi Electric Melfa RV-2F-1D1-S15 manipulator to perform selective automated chamfer-ing and grinding when certain condition defects are detected. (3) Results: The model demonstrates durable performance, achieving a mean average precision of 0.886 across defect classes with minimal misclassifications. The Mitsubishi Electric Melfa RV-2F-1D1-S15 manipulator received input from the machine vision system and performed an automated chamfering and grinding process accordingly; (4) Conclusions: By integrating camera, embedded deep learning in the microprocessor and manipulator, automated chamfering and grinding process in metal component shapes can be efficiently rectified. This tailored solution promises to improve productivity and consistency in metal manufacturing and remanufacturing.
Revision Methods for Rod Fracture after Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy in Adult Spinal Deformity: Comparative Analysis between Simple Rod Replacement, Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion around Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy Site, and Accessory Rod Integra
Authors: Lee Ki Young , Lee Jung-Hee , Han Gil , Jung Cheol-Hyun , Park Hong Sik
Published: September 2024

Background: Rod fracture (RF) is the most common cause of revision in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery, and various treatment strategies for preventing RF are reported in literature. This retrospective study involving 139 ASD patients (aged ≥65 years and a minimum 2-year follow-up) who underwent long-segment fixation from T10 to sacrum with pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO), analyzed long-term results, including radiographical parameters and the incidence of recurrent RF (re-RF), to determine the most effective revision method for preventing RF. Methods: Patients were classified into three groups according to the revision method performed for RF; simple rod replacement (SR group, n=17), lateral lumbar interbody fusion around PSO site (LLIF group, n=8), and accessory rod integration (AR group, n=22). Baseline characteristics, radiographical and clinical parameters were analyzed. Results: RF occurred in 47 patients (34%) at an average of 28 months following primary deformity correction. Re-RF occurred in six patients (13%) at an average of 37 months. Re-RF occurred most commonly in SR group (p=.048). Every re-RF in SR group occurred at the PSO site, none occurred in LLIF group, and one in AR group occurred near L4–5. After both primary deformity correction and revision surgery, spinopelvic parameters had shown favorable results and clinical outcomes had improved in all three groups, without significant intergroup differences. Conclusions: Accessory rod integration or additional LLIF around the PSO site seems to provide greater strength and stability to the previously fused segments than simple rod replacement, which demonstrates the need for additional support in revision surgery for RF after PSO.
Pacemaker Optimization Mechanisms in the Spectrum of Cardiac Disease Rationale to Protocol
Authors: Houck Philip
Published: September 2024

The problem can be stated as over 3 billion choices to improve 14 disease states with 9 optimization goals (some of the optimization goals are diametrically opposed) to improve dyspnea, shortness of breath, fatigability, exercise intolerance, edema, swelling, fluid retention, and arrhythmias. The goal is to increase Left Ventricular Outflow Integral, reduce mitral regurgitation, increase longitudinal conduction velocities and restore synchrony of the septum to the ventricle that needs it the most. A method to accomplish this task for the spectrum of cardiac disease is presented.
Cores que marcam: relações de gênero em livros didáticos de Língua Portuguesa
Authors: Melo Rosa Virginia Oliveira Soares de
Published: September 2024

Tomando como norte a importância dos livros didáticos (doravante LD) enquanto artefatos de produção das subjetividades, concordando que eles são utilizados expressivamente em salas de aula brasileiras, e admitindo seu potencial de persuasão em relação ao público a que se destinam, este texto faz parte da minha pesquisa de mestrado (De Melo, 2020), e observa como as relações de gênero são trazidas nas imagens, textos e exercícios propostos em duas coleções didáticas de língua portuguesa, aprovadas no Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) do ano de 2019. Assim, observamos a quantidade de vezes em que modos de ser homem/mulher, pessoas trans e agêneros são citadas nessas coleções didáticas; quantas vezes as cores rosa/azul e seus semelhantes servem como marcador de generificação; que objetos, brinquedos e brincadeiras se mostram como exemplificação daquilo que é adequado ao feminino/masculino; e que esportes e demais características são apontadas como aquelas típicas desses modos de ser mulher/ homem através desses LD.
Apropriação dos estilos de uso do espaço virtual no ensino superior: análise de práticas e estratégias na ação docente em ambientes virtuais
Authors: Duarte Eliane , Barros Daniela
Published: September 2024

A apropriação dos estilos de uso de espaços virtuais no ensino superior tem sido vista como uma forma eficaz de diversificar as estratégias pedagógicas para a aprendizagem. Revisões anteriores sobre essa temática são significativas, porém limitadas em alguns aspectos. Este artigo relata resultados parciais de investigação em desenvolvimento no Programa de Pós-Doutorado vinculado à Universidade Aberta – Portugal (UAb.pt), Departamento de Educação e Ensino a Distância, e tem como objetivo analisar os estilos de uso do virtual como elemento didático-pedagógico no processo de ensino e aprendizagem em ambientes virtuais. O processo metodológico consistiu em pesquisa qualitativa do tipo exploratória, descritiva e analítica, que apoia os desdobramentos de todo o processo de investigação. Os resultados destacam que a apropriação adequada dos estilos de uso de espaços virtuais pelos educadores na ação didática tem um grande potencial para melhorar os resultados educacionais, sobretudo na educação a distância.
Zayıf Düşünce ve Etki Alanı Üzerine Bir Analiz
Authors: Cevirici Atilla Sema
Published: September 2024

Bu çalışma metafiziksel düşüncedeki varlık ve hakikate dair mutlak bilgi iddialarına yönelik eleştiriler sonucunda gündeme gelen zayıf düşünce kavramını ve bunun felsefe, politika ve teolojideki etkilerini ele almaktadır. Bu kapsamda metafiziksel düşünceye yönelik yürütülen bu eleştirilerin hangi saiklerle yapıldığı ve nasıl bir dönüşüme yol açtığı analiz edilecektir. Çalışmamızda Gianni Vattimo tarafından gündeme getirilen zayıf düşünce kavramından hareketle gerek epistemoloji gerekse etik-politik meseleler ekseninde ontolojiye dair sorunlar ele alınacak ve son olarak teolojinin zayıflatılmasının ne anlam ifade ettiği ele alınacaktır. Çalışmamız bu çerçevede zayıf düşüncenin etki alanını epistemoloji, ontoloji ve teoloji olmak üzere üç alanda ele alarak bunları birbirleri ile ilişki içerisinde incelemekte ve zayıf düşüncenin ortaya çıkardığı sorunlara ve sunduğu imkanlara dikkat çekmektedir.
İDOL ve İKON DOLAYIMINDA FENOMENOLOJİ ve TEOLOJİNİN KESİŞİMİ
Authors: Bekalp Bilal
Published: September 2024

Bu makale, Çağdaş Fransız felsefesinin önemli düşünürlerinden biri olarak görülen Jean Luc Marion'un (1946 - ) fenomenolojik yaklaşımının, ilahi olanla karşılaşıldığında geleneksel metafiziğin ve rasyonel kavrayışın sınırlarının altını çizerek teolojik söylemi nasıl yeniden canlandırdığını incelemektedir. Marion, felsefenin bilince verilen her şeyi kabul etmesi ve bunu yaparken de ilahi vahyin olasılığını kabul etmesi için titiz bir argüman oluşturmaya çalışmıştır. Marion'un fenomenolojiyi genişletme girişimi, felsefenin bilince tezahür ettiği iddia edilen hemen her fenomeni dikkate alması için bir araç sunmaktadır. Marion'un özellikle doygun fenomen kavramına odaklanan fenomenolojik çerçevesi, kavramsal düşüncenin putperest eğilimlerine karşı güçlü bir eleştiri sunar. Bu eleştiri ise Marion’un İdol (put) ve İkon kavramlarına dair yaptığı açıklamalarla mümkün olmuştur. İdol ve İkon arasında oluşturduğu farklar, İlahi olanın nasıl fenomenolojiye konu olabileceğinin temelini oluşturmaktadır. Marion, rasyonel ve epistemik yetilerimizin kapasitesini aşan fenomenlerin deneyimsel verilebilirliğini vurgulayarak, ilahi olanı kavramak için yeni yollar açar. Bu yollar teoloji ile fenomenolojinin kesişmesi ile sonuçlanır. Bu açıdan Marion fenomenolojisini geliştirirken, iki farklı bakışı ifade etmek için İdol (put) ve İkon kavramlarını devreye sokar. Burada insanın bakışından kaynaklanan ve onun bakışını aşan fenomenlerin İlahi olan ile ilişkisi tartışılır. Bu açıdan bu yazımız Marion’un fenomenolojiyi bir yöntem olarak kullanarak teolojiyi temellendirdiği iddiası üzerinden hareket edilmekte ve felsefe ve teolojinin sınırlarının bulanıklaştığı düşüncesi ileri sürülmektedir.
Concentrador solar estático reflectivo-refractivo: construcción y evaluación experimental
Authors: Cordero-Guillén Arturo , Luque-Zúñiga Guillermo , Jiménez-Ramírez Omar , Ramos-López Gonzalo Alonso , Vázquez Medina Rubén
Published: September 2024

Este estudio presenta los resultados de un experimento que mejora la eficiencia de la captación de energía solar de un concentrador solar estático refractivo-reflectivo. Para esto, se consideró un concentrador solar con eficiencia reportada del 69.36 %, el cual combina un prisma y un concentrador cónico metálico. La nueva versión del concentrador solar fue construida en un torno convencional usando acero 1018 que tiene bajo contenido de carbono (0.15 % al 0.20 %) en la aleación, a la cual se le aplicó un proceso de lijado y pulido para lograr un acabado tipo espejo. Se usó un sistema de medición de intensidad de luz basado en un microcontrolador Arduino Uno R3 de código abierto, soportado por el circuito ATmega328P, un fotodiodo y un foco de halógeno con ajuste de posición en altura y desplazamiento horizontal. La eficiencia lograda fue de 73.39 %, que supera los resultados ya reportados. Este trabajo ofrece una solución innovadora y eficiente que aumenta el tiempo de captación de energía solar. Además, proporciona otra alternativa que usa materiales diferentes a los reportados anteriormente, como la lámina de aluminio anodizado, con superficies altamente reflectantes. El concentrador solar desarrollado en este estudio se puede adaptar a sistemas más complejos de concentración solar. La mejora significativa en la eficiencia de captación de energía solar se debe a la rigidez y estabilidad de los materiales usados y a los procesos de acabado aplicados. Como ventaja se destaca su potencial aplicación en entornos industriales y comerciales basadas en energías renovables.
The anticipation of Eurasianism
Authors:  Задорожнюк Э.
Published: September 2024

В ХIХ в. ряд положений в духе евразийства высказывали слависты В. Ламанский и К. Леонтьев, в XX в. его непосредственными предвосхитителями стали Андрей Белый и Александр Блок. Намечается подход к полновесному рассмотрению их места в русской социальной мысли как носителей принципиально новых взглядов на проблему России и Европы, изложенных в романе «Петербург» и поэме «Скифы». Не только история идей, но и политическая история не могут обойтись без рассмотрения проблемы статуса идей евразийства. Ее анализ требует новых методологий, в рамках которых сочетаются различные аналитические операции: ситуационный подход, психологическое истолкование политических и экономических феноменов, инструментарий продуктивной геополитики, свободной от идеологических заблуждений.

In the 19th c., some ideas of Eurasianism were uttered V. Lamansky and K. Leontiev, and in the early 20th c. it was anticipated by Andrey Belyj and Alexander Blok. The article offers an attempt to analyse their place in the history of Russian social thought, and their new approach to the problem of Russia and Europe, presented in the novel “Petersburg” and the poem “Scythians”. Both history of ideas and political history need to evaluate the status of Eurasianism. Its analysis requires new methods that combine various analytical operations: situational approach, psychological interpretation of political and economic phenomena, the instruments of productive geopolitics, free from ideological mistakes.
Maharana Pratap: a medieval hero in contemporary interpretations
Authors:  Ванина Е.
Published: September 2024

Махарана Пратап – правитель раджпутского княжества Мевар, оказавший во второй половине XVI в. сопротивление падишаху Акбару, который стремился сделать Могольскую империю централизованным государством и интегрировать в нее независимые владения. Средневековая историческая традиция рисовала противостояние Пратапа и Акбара как борьбу равно доблестных и благородных воинов. Автор исследует трансформацию этого нарратива в националистическом дискурсе колониальной и независимой Индии. Инклюзивный вариант национализма, отдавая должное доблести Пратапа, изображает его как сепаратиста, выступавшего против объединительной политики Акбара. Индусский национализм, ставший идеологией целого ряда партий, включая вернувшуюся в 2014 г. к власти БДП, представляет Пратапа как «борца за свободу родины» и причисляет его к сонму общенациональных героев.

Maharana Pratap was the ruler of a Rajput principality of Mewar who in the second half of the sixteenth century put up a brave resistance to Emperor Akbar whose policy was to make Mughal empire a centralized state and to integrate independent states. Medieval historical tradition depicted the wars between Pratap and Akbar as a fight between two equally gallant and noble warriors. The paper discusses transformation of this narrative within the nationalist discourse in colonial and post-colonial India. The “inclusive” trend in Indian nationalism acknowledges Pratap`s bravery but paints him as a separatist who opposed Akbar` s unification policy. Hindu nationalism which has emerged as an ideology of many parties including the presently ruling BJP, presents Maharana Pratap as a “freedom fighter” and includes him into the list of national heroes.
Renaissance magic as spiritual phenomenon (late 15th – early 16th century texts)
Authors:  Акопян О.
Published: September 2024

Автор рассматривает вопрос о том, какое место в творчестве ренессансных авторов рубежа XV–XVI вв. занимала магия. В статье доказывается, что с помощью магии была произведена одна из попыток «реформировать» христианство без Реформации – результаты, правда, оказались неутешительными. В центре внимания автора Италия – родоначальница гуманистической и ренессансной культуры, а также Франция и Германия, где быстрее прочих перенимались новые идеи. На примере трактатов итальянских, французских и германских мыслителей показано, что магические спекуляции в это время были тесно связаны с религиозной и философской проблематикой.

The article deals with the place of magic in the works of leading Renaissance thinkers of the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. On the basis of the writings of Italian, French and German philosophers and humanists, the author states that in that period magic was closely related to philosophical and especially religious questions.
British historians in the middle of the 18th century (the letters of Horace Walpole)
Authors:  Айзенштат М.
Published: September 2024

Хорас Уолпол, сын Роберта Уолпола, член парламента, являлся одним из известных антикваров и автором исторических сочинений. Его переписка с друзьями и родными предоставляет возможность ознакомиться с его повседневными делами, настроением и мыслями, а они – раскрывают его отношение к некоторым современным авторам и их сочинениям. Вместе с тем, письма Уолпола позволяют выявить становление традиций сообщества историков и роль регулярной переписки в этом процессе.

Horace Walpole, second son of Robert Walpole, PM was one of the well-known historian and author of historical works. His correspondence is the important sources of his daily practical works, thoughts and spirits. The letters to his friends show his thoughts about contemporary historians and their works. Besides, they help understand the forming the traditions of historical association and the role of regular correspondence in this process.
The Reception of “The History of Madness” by Michel Foucault by the Representatives of the School of Annales
Authors:  Руднев Ю.
Published: September 2024

Часть исследователей, дискутирующих о научном статусе «историй» Мишеля Фуко, выдвигает гипотезу об их близости работам представителей школы «Анналов». Настоящая статья приводит ряд аргументов в пользу этой позиции, анализируя рецепцию «Истории безумия» одновременно на уровне истории идей и в контексте межличностных и институциональных отношений, складывавшихся между автором и «анналистами» до и после появления книги в печати. Как показывает такой комплексный взгляд, «анналисты» не только сыграли решающую роль в публикации книги и практиковали схожие стратегии академического развития, но и создали историографический миф о том, что Фуко – «истинный последователь Люсьена Февра».

Some scholars discussed the scientific status of Michel Foucault’s “histories,” and hypothesizes their affinity with the works by the historians of the Annales School. The present article adds several arguments in favour of such position and analyses the reception of “The History of Madness” both on the level of the history of ideas, and in the contexts of institutional and personal relations that existed before and after its publication between the author and the Annalistes. Such complex view demonstrates that the latter not only played a key role in the fact of this publication and shared similar academic strategies, but also created the historiographical myth of Foucault as “the true disciple of Lucien Febvre.”
Integrative approach to event representation in cognitive science
Authors:  Заботкина В.
Published: September 2024

В статье анализируется репрезентация событий с точки зрения интегративного подхода, который основывается на интеграции теоретического, методологического и эмпирического типов знаний из различных дисциплин когнитивной науки (когнитивной лингвистики, когнитивной психологии, когнитивной философии и когнитивной антропологии). Ментальная репрезентация рассматривается в двух аспектах: как процесс представления мира в голове человека и как единица подобного представления. Мы утверждаем, что ментальные модели события являются сложными многомерными структурами представления интегрированного знания о мире.

The paper concentrates on the analysis of event representation within the integrative approach, which builds on integration of theoretical, methodological and empirical knowledge from various disciplines of cognitive science (cognitive linguistics, cognitive psychology, cognitive philosophy and cognitive anthropology). Mental representation is viewed both as a process and as a unit of world representation in human mind. We argue that mental models of events are complex multi-dimensional structures representing integrated knowledge of the world.
Trajectories of academic attestation in Russian universities in 1830s the degree award of A.I. Chivilev
Authors:  Ильина К.
Published: September 2024

Статья посвящена практикам присуждения ученых степеней в Российской империи в 1830-е годы. На основе законодательных документов и архивного делопроизводства реконструированы общие и индивидуальные траектории академического восхождения. Проведенное исследование выявило наличие альтернативных путей для обретения ученой степени, что сделало возможным ручное управление процедурами аттестации со стороны министра народного просвещения.

The article presents an analysis of the practice of degree awarding in Russia in the 1830s. The author considered legal and archival documents and studied some typical and atypical cases of degree awards. The study of these revealed the existence of alternative ways to acquire an academic degree that made it possible for a Minister of Education to interfere into the procedures of academic attestation.
A.S. Sidorov (1892–1953): the destiny of the scholar in a dialogue with time
Authors:  Миронова Н.
Published: September 2024

В статье рассматривается методология исследований языка и культуры народа коми Алексея Семеновича Сидорова (1892–1953). На основе анализа его научного наследия показано взаимовлияние лингвистической и этнологической проблематики: от синтаксиса к вопросам логики и мышления в идеологии древнего населения. Большое значение для становления исследовательской лаборатории А.С. Сидорова имело его активное участие в работе краеведческого движения в Коми крае. Основной акцент сделан на анализ влияния «нового учения о языке» Н.Я. Марра на этнологические и языковедческие исследования А.С. Сидорова, показана роль идеологических факторов в деятельности ученых 1920–1950-х гг.

This paper discusses the legacy of A.S. Sidorov, a researcher of the Komi language and culture. The interaction of linguistic and ethnological problems is demonstrated in the works by A.S. Sidorov: from the syntax to issues of logic and thinking in the ancient popular ideology. Active participation in the Komi regional studies was important for the establishment of A.S. Sidorov's research laboratory. The emphasis is placed on the analysis of N.Y. Marr’s Japhetic theory and its influence on A.S. Sidorov’s ethnological and linguistic studies, the role of ideological factors in the work of scholars of 1920-1950 is discussed.
Interaction of Greco-Roman culture and Early Christianity as a saving mechanism of identity of the Antique and Christian worlds
Authors:  Обидина Ю.
Published: September 2024

Статья посвящена проблемам взаимодействия традиционной греко-римской культуры и христианских идей. Рассматривая наиболее показательные в данном плане заимствования и взаимовлияния, автор предлагает пересмотреть традиционную полярность в отношении античной культуры и христианской духовности, акцентируя внимание на античных и христианских ментальных установках как способе сохранения исторической и культурной идентичности, как для античного мира, так и для христианства. Показано, что современные подходы к изучению взаимовлияния античности и христианства носят однонаправленный характер и не затрагивают сути самого явления, которое нуждается в пересмотре в свете вызовов современности.

The author addresses the issues of interaction of the traditional Greco-Roman culture and the Christian ideas. The author considers the most revealing mutual borrowing, proposes to revise the traditional polarity against the culture of antiquity and Christian spirituality, and focuses on ancient and Christian mental facilities as a way of preserving the historical and cultural identity, for both the ancient world and Christianity. It is shown that current approaches to the study of the mutual influence of antiquity and Christianity are unidirectional and do not affect the essence of the phenomenon, which needs to be reviewed in light of the challenges of our time.
НОВЫЕ ДОКУМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СВИДЕТЕЛЬСТВА К БИОГРАФИИ МАРИИ КАНТЕМИР: ПЕРВОЕ ДУХОВНОЕ ЗАВЕЩАНИЕ МАРИИ КАНТЕМИР ОТ 1725 ГОДА
Authors:  Заболотная Л.
Published: September 2024

Статья посвящена анализу первого духовного завещания Марии Кантемир. Этот документ никогда ранее не публиковался. Два духовных завещания Марии Кантемир (от 1725 и 1757 гг.) были обнаружены автором в марте 2016 г в Рукописном Отделе, Института русской литературы Российской Академии Наук Пушкинского Дома в Санкт Петербурге, в Архиве Л.Н. Майкова. Введение в научный оборот данного источника имеет особую значимость, так как, во-первых, на протяжении многих лет, исследователи-кантемирологи искали завещание Марии Кантемир, будучи уверенными, что она оставила только одно завещание – от 1757 года. Но никто даже не предполагал, что было еще одно, написанное в 1725 г. Во-вторых, данный источник позволяет пролить свет на некоторые вопросы, связанные с личной жизнью Марии Кантемир, всей ее семьи и наследников. В-третьих, содержание первого духовного завещания Марии Кантемир, наконец-то, ставит точку в многочисленных дискуссиях и предположениях относительно духовных завещаний Дмитрия Кантемира и его сына Антиоха Кантемира.

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the first testament of Maria Cantemir, which has not been published until now and has not been studied. Two testaments of Maria Cantemir (from 1725 and 1757) were discovered by the author in March 2016 in the Department of Manuscripts of the Institute of Russian Literature of the Russian Science Academy of the Pushkin House, in Sankt Petersburg, in the Archive of L. N. Maikov. The introduction into the scientific field of the given source has a unique and special significance, as, first of all, for so many years the cantemirologue researchers have been looking for the testament of Maria Cantemir, being convinced that had she only left one single testament, dating back to 1757. But no one had even imagined that there has been one more, written in 1727. Secondly, the given source allows to shed a new light upon certain aspects of the personal life of Maria Cantemir, of her whole family and her heirs. Thirdly, the content of the first testament of Maria Cantemir finally clears out the numerous discussions and suppositions related to the testament of Dimitrie Cantemir and that of his son, Antioh.
History of writing as the space of intercultural dialogue
Authors:  Добровольский Д.
Published: September 2024

Статья посвящена критическому анализу пособия по русской палеографии, выпущенного в Польше в 2015 г. Рецензируемая книга следует традиционной для такого рода изданий структуре, и, в то же время, в полной мере воплощает актуальные тенденции в развитии вспомогательных исторических дисциплин и раскрывает междисциплинарный характер палеографических исследований. Ряд неточностей, допущенных автором в изложении конкретного материала, свидетельствует прежде всего о недостатках в научной коммуникации российских и польских ученых.

The article is devoted to a critical analysis of the textbook on Russian palaeography, published in Poland in 2015. The reviewed book is modelled after a traditional structure for such type of an edition, but at the same time the author demonstrartes his full awareness of the newest developments in the field of auxiliary sciences of history and of the interdisciplinary nature of palaeographic studies as well. Several inaccuracies in details which the book contains should be understood first of all as an evidence of deficiencies in an exchange of information between russian and polish scientists.
The “autonomy of affect”: history, becoming, biopolitics
Authors: Кобылин И.И.
Published: September 2024

В статье рассматриваются ключевые положения «аффективного поворота» в современной теории. На примере работ Брайана Массуми демонстрируются новые подходы к концептуализации аффективного: радикальное отделение аффекта от чувственно-эмоциональной сферы, акцент на его вегетативно-телесном, до-индивидуальном или до-субъективном характере, наконец, понимание аффективного движения как потока чистой интенсивности, располагающегося по ту сторону процесса означивания. Такое понимание аффекта может стать средством переосмысления устоявшихся практик историописания и на уровне новых предметных областей, и на уровне самой аксиоматики исторических исследований.

This article is devoted to the key points of the so-called "affective turn" in contemporary theory. By the example of works by Brian Massumi the author demonstrates new approaches to conceptualizing affective zone: the radical separation of affect from feelings and emotions, the emphasis being made on its autonomic bodily, pre-individual or pre-subjective nature, and finally the affective movement understood as a flow of asignifying, unqualified pure intensity. Such affect understanding can be a means of rethinking the established practices of history, both at the level of new subject areas, and at the level of the historical research axioms.
A “Free artist” of Marxism: the life and ideological views of N.V. Volsky
Authors: Протасова О.Л.
Published: September 2024

В статье рассматриваются основные этапы жизни известного русского социал-демократа, философа-марксиста и публициста Н.В. Вольского (Валентинова); анализируются его идейные убеждения и принципы, дающие возможность причислить Вольского к представителям российского демократического социализма – течения, отстаивавшего принципы плюрализма, необходимости признания прав демократического меньшинства, использования ненасильственных методов в движении по пути социального прогресса.

The article traces the main stages of life of the famous Russian social democrat, Marxist philosopher and publicist N.V. Volsky (Valentinov); his ideological beliefs and the principles allow to rank Volsky as representatives of the Russian democratic socialism – the movement the principles of pluralism, need of recognition of the rights of democratic minority, use of non-violent methods in the movement on a way of social progress are analyzed.
N. I. Kareev’s letters to S. I. Arkhangelsky
Authors: Кузнецов А.А.
Published: September 2024

Статья посвящена исследованию писем академика Н.И. Кареева нижегородскому историку С.И. Архангельскому. Эти письма за 1924–1930 гг. хранятся в личном архивном фонде С.И. Архангельского. Письма Н.И. Кареева являются ценным источником для изучения научной биографии С.И. Архангельского и коммуникационной сети историков 1920-х гг. Средством верификации полученных выводов является сборник материалов по биографии и творчеству Н.И. Кареева (2015 г.).

The article presents a study of the letters send by Academician N. I. Kareev to a Nizhny Novgorod historian S. I. Arkhangelsky. These letters of 1924–1930 are stored in personal archival collection of S. I. Arkhangelsky. Letters by N. I. Kareev are a valuable source for an academic biography of S. I. Arkhangelsky and a communication network of historians of the 1920s.