bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geometrically Nonlinear Analysis of Laminated Composite Stiffened Shells
Authors: Goswami Sanjib , Mukhopadhyay Madhujit
Published: July 2017

Investigation of the geometric nonlinear analysis of eccentrically stiffened composite shells has been carried out for the first time using total Lagrangian coordinate system. The paper uses conventional nine-noded Lagrangian curved element stiffened with laminated stiffeners for studying composite stiffened shells. An improved version of the stiffener modelling has been adopted in which stiffeners can be placed anywhere inside the shell element providing much flexibility in mesh division. Though the papers dealing with the large deflection analysis of bare isotropic and composite shells are numerous, the research on the nonlinear analysis of stiffened composite shells are absolutely scanty and they only deal with concentric stiffeners. For the first time in the literature, eccentric stiffeners have been considered for the geometric nonlinear analysis of composite stiffened shells. Neither the problem nor this type of modeling of stiffeners are available in any commercial finite element packages. Standard iterative solution procedure, like the Newton-Raphson method in conjunction with the modified Rik's method which accommodates fully automatic variable load increment procedure is used to trace the nonlinear equilibrium path of laminated stiffened shells beyond the critical point. As the application area is new, a large variety of numerical examples are presented for the geometric nonlinear analysis of both concentrically and eccentrically laminated stiffened shells which includes the effects of laminae orientation, eccentricity and other parameters.
The Double “C” Plication Technique: A Reliable Technique for Lower Facial Rejuvenation: Review of 1500 Cases
Authors: Sadati Kevin , Corrado Anthony C.
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

Facial rejuvenation procedures have evolved significantly since they were first performed at the beginning of the 20th century. Modern SMAS lifting techniques focus on providing natural facial rejuvenation, durable results, fewer complications, and reduced morbidity. Many techniques exist, each proposing different methods to attain a common goal, resuspension of the SMAS. A simple new technique for SMAS plication of lower face and neck is introduced, called double “C” plication. This technique is reproducible and simple, creating lasting results for a natural look with a low complication rate.

Materials and Methods:

In over 1500 face-lifts in the last 4 years, the author has evolved a simple technique with a natural look. All cases were done with oral sedation and local anesthesia. Patients were ambulatory immediately following surgery and had a rapid recovery with little edema or ecchymosis. Nerve injuries were avoided, and the temple hairline and earlobe clefts were preserved. There are no ridges, dimples, or “joker lines.” Revision rate was less than 0.7%. This technique utilizes double running plication sutures in a “C” shape pattern for SMAS suspension, which can be placed via traditional or short-scar face-lift incisions. This technique provides an evenly distributed multi vector radial traction on the SMAS and lateral platysma, allowing for a more uniform suspension compared to traditional single plication and purse string sutures, which provide point specific tension. This SMAS plication technique tightens up the face just like lacing a shoe, making the entire lower face firm and youthful. The neck plication pulls the platysma up behind the ear to maintain the earlobe up in its normal anatomical position.

Results:

Over a 4-year period, 1532 procedures were performed utilizing the aforementioned double “C” lift technique with average follow-up of 18 months. This is a retrospective chart review of a single surgeon's rhytidectomy practice. Of the 1532 patients, 110 had undergone previous rhytidectomy by a different surgeon. Complications included in the evaluation process were major hematoma 1.3%, minor hematoma 5%, infection 0.5%, facial nerve injury 0%, greater auricular nerve injury 0.1%, post auricular skin necrosis (>2 cm) 0.8%, and revision rate 0.7%.

Conclusions:

The double “C” plication technique is a reliable, simple, and reproducible technique with natural results and low complications. This technique involves a double running plication suturing of SMAS and lateral platysma in a “C” shape pattern.
Treatment of Gynecomastia: Suction Curettage with Riblike-Projections-Cannula
Authors: Boeni Roland
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

While excessive fat in pseudogynecomastia can easily be removed with standard liposuction methods, the removal of glandular tissue in gynecomastia often requires open excision. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a cannula with riblike projections to remove glandular tissue in patients with gynecomastia.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-two male patients aged 21–67 years (mean age, 37.4 ± 13.9 years) with enlarged breasts were enrolled in the study. Over a 4-year period, all patients were treated with tumescent liposuction using 1 or 2 entry sites from the axillary fossa. Lipoaspiration of excessive breast fat was first performed with a standard liposuction cannula, thus isolating the breast gland. Glandular tissue was then broken down and removed with a cannula with riblike projections using the same entry sites.

Results:

No open excision or skin reduction procedures were required. None of the patients had early postoperative complications of infection, hematoma, or seroma. There were no treatment-induced asymmetries, dimples, or hyperpigmentation.

Conclusions:

Fibrous glands in gynecomastia can effectively be removed with a cannula with riblike projections, resulting in high patient satisfaction. This method does not result in additional scars and is safe and easy to use by the dermatologic surgeon.
Preventive Measures to Reduce Thromboembolism following Cosmetic Surgery
Authors: Shiffman Melvin A.
Published: July 2017

One of the most widely recognized and fortunately infrequent complications of major surgery is having a patient develop thromboembolism and die after an elective procedure. Patients should be evaluated for risk factors for thromboembolism before surgery, and measures should be taken to reduce this risk. This article will present the various risks for thromboembolism and suggest the means to prevent or avoid this complication. Special emphasis will be placed on one of the most common errors in cosmetic surgery that increase the risk of thromboembolism: the failure to have the patient stop the use of estrogens at least 4 weeks before surgery and 2 weeks after surgery.
Lipid Rescue: Lifesaving Treatment for Toxicity and Cardiac Arrest Secondary to Local Anesthetics Including Bupivacaine
Authors: Shiffman Melvin A.
Published: July 2017

The occurrence of toxicity from local anesthetics has been reported, including cardiac toxicity resulting in cardiac arrhythmias and/or asystole. A variety of techniques have been used to treat local anesthetic toxicities; however, with cardiac arrest, a relatively new concept—lipid rescue—has been formulated that appears to be relatively successful.

The author discusses the literature on local anesthetic toxicities and fatalities, animal research concerning lipid rescue, local anesthetic toxicities, and fatalities treated with lipid rescue, as well as the Practice Advisory on Treatment of Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity.
In vivo Endoscopy of Septal Fibers following Different Liposuction Techniques Reveals Varying Degrees of Traumatization
Authors: Fatemi Afschin
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

The removal of fat via liposuction requires disruption of adipose tissue and the intrinsic collagen-based septal fiber network that supports and protects the blood and nerve supply to adipose tissue. Using septal fiber preservation as a marker for the relative trauma of a given liposuction technique, we quantified and compared the number of intact septal fibers following various liposuction methods using in vivo endoscopy.

Materials and Methods:

Pilot studies using endoscopic imaging and quantification were conducted in 3 study groups that included 52 abdominoplasty patients, 12 cadavers, and 32 liposuction patients. Liposuction techniques performed included laser-assisted (924/975-nm LAL), power-assisted (PAL), suction-assisted (SAL), ultrasound-assisted (UAL), and power water-assisted liposuction (WAL). Gross dissection and in vivo endoscopy were used to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate septal fiber preservation.

Results:

The highest numbers of intact septal fibers were observed following either 924/975-nm LAL or PAL. SAL treatments left, on average, two thirds the number left after LAL or PAL. UAL and WAL were the most damaging, leaving one half or one third the number of fibers seen after LAL or PAL, respectively. In addition, 924/975-nm LAL and PAL were associated with less skin necrosis and blood in the aspirate as compared with WAL. Microscopy studies revealed that the greatest adipocyte cell membrane disruption occurred following 924/975-nm LAL.

Conclusions:

These findings demonstrate that 924/975-nm LAL and PAL were associated with the greatest preservation of septal fibers while UAL and WAL were the most damaging. The 924-nm LAL was also the most effective technique for disrupting adipocyte cell membranes.
Surgical Management of Symptoms and Aesthetic Sequels of a Spontaneously Resolved Vulvar Hemangioma
Authors: Hailparn Troy Robbin
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

A spontaneously resolved vulvar hemangioma can cause clinical symptoms and aesthetic deformities. Reduction and reconstruction of the affected labia majora can restore gross and functional anatomy and offers an opportunity to gain greater insight into the emotional and physical effects of labial problems. This report shares a unique case in which an elective reduction and reconstruction of the left labium majus were performed on a 16-year-old young woman.

Materials and Methods:

Surgical reduction and reconstruction were performed under general anesthesia. Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics were provided 30 minutes before surgical intervention.

Results:

Restoration of gross and functional anatomy was achieved with satisfactory aesthetic results. There were no intraoperative, short-term, or long-term complications. Minimal blood loss was recorded. Postoperative course and recovery were uneventful. The patient was satisfied on multiple levels. Her body image and daily quality of life were markedly improved.

Conclusions:

In this case, reduction and reconstruction of the labium majus for a spontaneously resolved hemangioma were well-tolerated, and complications were not observed. A satisfactory restoration of gross and functional anatomy resolved clinical symptoms and improved aesthetic appearance. It also helped alleviate the patient's emotional and body-image concerns.
Fat Augmentation of the Anterior Vaginal Wall: A Novel Use of Fat Augmentation in Enhancing the Female Sexual Experience
Authors: Meadows Lionel D. , Avellanet Yaniris R. , English Jim
Published: July 2017

This is a case series of 2 female patients with long-standing histories of decreased sexual function and pelvic organ prolapse who underwent augmentation of the anterior vaginal wall using autologous fat grafting, in conjunction with other cosmetic procedures. Fat augmentation of the anterior vaginal wall with its enhanced permanence could be a safe and long-lasting alternative to improve female sexual function in this group.
Introduction to Longitudinal Data Analysis in Dermatologic Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery
Authors: Pettyjohn Jeffrey , Klein Jeffrey , Li Judy X. , Jeske Daniel R.
Published: July 2017

Longitudinal data analysis is a statistical method that, when used properly, can enable researchers to accurately characterize subjects' responses to treatments from repeated measurements taken over time. Research-oriented clinicians in dermatologic, plastic, and cosmetic surgery have yet to fully appreciate the benefits of this technique. Targeting this audience, we have prepared an introduction to the subject, which focuses on the weighted linear model, an extension of the ubiquitous least squares regression model. We discuss the fundamentals of the model using actual experimental designs found in recent dermatologic, plastic, and cosmetic surgery as examples. With this guide, a clinician will have the vocabulary necessary to design and implement a longitudinal research project with the aid of a statistical consultant.
Fat Embolism following Liposuction
Authors: Shiffman Melvin A.
Published: July 2017

The action of liposuction with vacuum and movement of the cannula back and forth results in fragments of fat globules, torn fat cells, and neutral fat. During liposuction, blood vessels are disrupted, leaving a path for the fatty acids to enter the vascular system. The pulmonary vascular occlusion in fat embolism is often temporary or incomplete since fat globules do not completely obstruct capillary blood flow because of their fluidity and deformability. The initial symptoms of fat embolization are probably caused by mechanical occlusion of multiple blood vessels with fat globules that are too large to pass through the capillaries. The neutral fat that embolizes to the pulmonary circulation can be degraded by pneumocytes to free fatty acids that are injurious to the pulmonary parenchyma, leading to adult respiratory distress syndrome. The fat embolism syndrome is characterized by acute hypoxemia, respiratory distress, central nervous system dysfunction, and a petechial rash involving the head, neck, anterior thorax, or axilla. The diagnosis of pulmonary fat embolus is largely based on typical symptoms and signs. Treatment consists mainly of supportive measures.
Subcaruncular Approach for Medial Eyelid Repair: A Simplified Technique
Authors: Goel Shubhra , Lemke Bradley N. , Burkat Cat N.
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

Laxity of the medial canthal tendon (MCT) is commonly encountered in clinical practice. The techniques described in the literature to correct MCT laxity often involve extensive dissection, with potential risk to the lacrimal system. We describe a simple and minimally invasive MCT repair in which the medial eyelid is secured to the anterior central portion of the MCT via a subcaruncular approach without disturbing the normal eyelid position or the lacrimal system.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective analysis of 30 patients undergoing MCT repair in all 4 eyelids was performed. Eyelids with moderate to severe MCL laxity were treated by this technique.

Results:

Patient age ranged between 55 and 90 years, with a mean of 74.2 years. Upper lid distraction ranged from 8–20 mm (mean 13 mm). Lower lid distraction ranged from 14–30 mm (mean 23.4 mm). In 87% of patients, eyelid laxity diminished postoperatively, and 13% had incomplete correction of the laxity with recurrence of symptoms. Recurrence was attributed to sutures pulling through attenuated lax lids and to mechanical eyelid stretching caused by sleeping on the face and/or rubbing the eyes. After reoperation in 3 patients, the lids regained normal position and tone, and symptomatic improvement was noted. No patients had postoperative complications involving the lacrimal system with this approach.

Conclusions:

The described MCT repair technique is an anatomically simple approach for eyelids with moderate to severe MCT laxity; it may be useful for surgeons who otherwise would defer complex repair of the MCT.
One Hundred Consecutive Lipoabdominoplasty Procedures: Modified Avelar Technique for Full Abdominoplasty without Panniculus Undermining—Advances, Morbidity, and Complications
Authors: Rodriguez Filiberto , Borsand Marvin A.
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

Abdominoplasty can be limited by preexisting scars and is associated with postoperative drains, seromas, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The Avelar technique has been described as an alternative to extensive flap dissection. We adopted this technique in 2007.

Materials and Methods:

The lower abdomen is marked for planned resection. Liposuction is performed throughout the entire abdomen below Scarpa's fascia and superficially in the lower abdomen to thin the redundant pannus. The skin is sharply incised, and the thinned pannus is bluntly avulsed, leaving the subcutaneous fat and vessels intact. The upper abdominal skin can be slid over the deep fascia, preserving the perforating vessels. A narrow tunnel is dissected from the umbilicus to the xiphoid for rectus plication. The umbilicus is transposed in the usual manner. All patients receive DVT prophylaxis with perioperative heparin, sequential compression devices, and Lovenox. Surgery is ambulatory, and drains are not routinely used.

Results:

Between April 2007 and December 2010, 100 consecutive lipoabdominoplasty procedures were performed. There were no DVTs and no deaths. One patient sustained small-bowel injury during liposuction, which was immediately recognized and successfully repaired. Five hematomas (28 ± 28 mL) occurred within the early postoperative period, 2 of which became infected. Four hematomas responded to local drainage, but 1 required surgical evacuation 3 months later. The incidence of late seroma was 0%. Two marginal skin necroses occurred in patients with preexisting Kocher and laparotomy scars, which healed without ill effect.

Conclusions:

The incidence of wound dehiscence, seroma, hematoma, and DVT after lipoabdominoplasty is less than that reported for traditional abdominoplasty.
Periorbital Edema following Hyaluronic Acid Gel Injection: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Griepentrog Gregory J. , Lucarelli Mark J. , Burkat Cat N. , Lemke Bradley N. , Rose John G.
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence, clinical features, and treatment of prolonged periorbital edema following the injection of hyaluronic acid gel to the infraorbital hollows.

Materials and Methods:

Retrospective descriptive study. The medical records of patients from 4 physician practices with prolonged (≥1 month) periorbital edema following the placement of hyaluronic acid gel to the infraorbital hollows, diagnosed between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2011, were reviewed.

Results:

A total of 51 charts were reviewed, of which 12 (24%) patients were diagnosed with prolonged periorbital edema with a mean follow-up time of 7.1 ± 4.2 months (range, 1.5–15.3 months). The mean patient age was 50.4 years (range, 36.4–64.9 years), and the edema lasted an average of 5.4 months (range, 2.7–5.3 months). A minority of patients had a preprocedural history of fluid retention (17%), seasonal allergies (25%), previous lower eyelid or midface surgery (25%), or festoons on examination (0%). Hyaluronidase was used to treat 3 of the 12 affected patients.

Conclusions:

In this retrospective review of patients undergoing hyaluronic acid gel injection to the periorbital region, prolonged periorbital edema of varying severity occurred in approximately 1 in 4 patients. There were no clinical symptoms or signs prior to injection that consistently identified patients susceptible to the edema. Most patients treated with hyaluronidase had successful improvement of their swelling.
Brow Suspension Suture Procedure
Authors: Barbarino Sheila Chang , Forouzanpour Faradad
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

This article describes a safe, effective, straightforward brow-suspension lifting technique that minimizes surgical time and can be performed under local anesthesia with predictable outcomes. Mersilene suture and a Keith needle were used to lift the medial and/or lateral brow, producing excellent surgical results.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective study of 9 patients with medial or lateral brow ptosis were included in the study based on the following criteria: men with a brow height below the superior orbital rim either medially, laterally, or both; women with a brow position at or lower than the superior orbital rim medially, laterally, or both. The details of the procedure are presented.

Results:

All 9 patients who had the brow-suspension suture procedure reported a satisfactory result: normal brow level was restored for both men and women. Patients experienced no pain during the procedure, which was done under local anesthesia, and all were able to return to daily activities the next day. All patients indicated that if they had to undergo a brow lift again, they would prefer to have this procedure instead of the more conventional brow-lifting procedures. All of the procedures, including those that involved both medial and lateral brows, were performed under 30 minutes.

Conclusions:

The brow-suspension suture procedure is a safe, straightforward, minimally invasive alternative to conventional brow-lifting surgeries. It is time and cost efficient and produces effective outcomes.
Controlling Drug Use
Authors: Whiteacre Kevin W. , Pepinsky Hal
Published: July 2017

This article suggests that society can reduce drug-related harms by encouraging responsible, healthy drug use. To this end, drug users themselves should be included in conversations about drugs. Though drug users have historically developed and disseminated norms and traditions that have helped people control their drug use, their voices have generally been excluded from the dominant discourse on drugs. Often, they are relegated to the status of objects to be studied, cured, or punished. This results from the war making approach to drugs, characterized by attempts to eliminate certain drugs identified by authorities as dangerous. Instead, peacemaking theory suggests that responsible drug use can be encouraged through open conversations that include everyone willing to share.
Comparing the Practices and Policies of Sworn and Non-Sworn Campus Police Departments within the Context of the Campus Security Act of 1990
Authors: Bromley Max L. , Reaves Brian A.
Published: July 2017

During the past two decades the occurrence of crime at institutions of higher education has received considerable attention. In 1990, the United States Congress enacted the Crime Awareness and Campus Security Act (hereafter referred to as the Act). The Act requires post-secondary institutions to develop and promulgate an annual report listing campus crime data and describing policies and practices that have been enacted to deal with and prevent campus crimes. This paper examines the extent to which sworn campus police agencies and non-sworn security departments differ with regard to policies and practices linked to provisions of the Act. Base upon a nationwide survey comparisons are made between sworn police agencies and security departments employing only non-sworn officers. Baseline data are analyzed for future comparative research.
Cross Gender Supervision and Control in Male Prisons in England Prisoners' Perspectives
Authors: Adler Joanna Ruth
Published: July 2017

This article reports findings from interviews conducted with 120 adult male prisoners incarcerated within medium to high security prisons in England. Their views on the deployment of female officers within the prisons in which they were held are portrayed. A picture of interpersonal relationships, control and attitudes towards the policy of cross sex postings is portrayed. Results indicate that women officers have been well received by the prisoners but that their job is not without problems. Although male officers seem ambivalent, male prisoners generally view their deployment favorably. However, in both cases this is partly due to stereotypical ideas about the roles of women in society and male duties towards them.
Hospital Development and the Performance of Organ Procurement Organizations
Authors: McKinney Martha M. , Begun James W. , Ozcan Yasar A.
Published: July 2017

With more than 56,000 patients on the national waiting list for organ transplants and relatively little growth in the number of donors, organ procurement organizations now recognize the need to aggressively market their services and the range of donor procurement opportunities to hospital personnel. This study examines the types and levels of hospital development activities being conducted by organ procurement organizations, the characteristics of organ procurement organizations that are more involved in hospital development, and the relationship between hospital development and organ procurement. Results from a national survey indicate that, as of the mid-1990s, organ procurement organizations had not made major investments in hospital development despite an increased recognition of the importance of these activities. Organ procurement organizations whose directors were more committed to hospital development exhibited higher levels of hospital development activity. Efforts to formalize hospital development activities through the establishment of a hospital development department and evaluation standards were associated with more organs procured per donor.
Assessment of Quality of Life and Related Stressors following Liver Transplantation
Authors: Gubby Linda
Published: July 2017

The aim of this descriptive study was to identify and compare transplant-associated stressors among 30 adult liver transplant recipients following orthotopic transplantation for primary biliary cirrhosis. Recipients were divided in three groups according to length of time following transplantation: 12 months (group A), 1 to 5 years (group B), and 5 or more years (group C). With the use of a recipient stressor scale and a rating scale assessing health-related quality of life, patients were asked to indicate a degree of concern for 25 items. In addition, participants were asked to define quality of life before and after liver transplantation and to attribute a degree of positivity or negativity to 33 items in the subscales of physical health, physical activity, social activity, and general effect. Results from the stressor analysis identified health-related items, in particular the “possibility of rejection,” as causing the greatest concern to respondents. Social and family-related items were considered least stressful. Comparative statistical analysis identified group B as significantly more stressed than either group A or group C.
Boardization and Corporate Governance in the UK as a Response to Depoliticization and Failing Accountability
Authors: Wilks Stephen
Published: July 2017

Administrative leadership in UK central government has been reformed through the creation of boards in all departments and agencies. This `boardization' is modelled on principles of private sector corporate governance and is a civil service designed response to the administrative implications of depoliticization. It raises issues of political accountability and adaptation of private sector models to the public sector and therefore poses a challenge to the UK Whitehall model. Boardization has been variously implemented across accounting units of central government involving the negotiation of a variety of public sector bargains. It highlights a de-synchronization of administrative and political reforms but provides a potential for boards to become alternative locations for governance and accountability. The article registers concerns about the suitability of reform based on private sector corporate governance and identifies new research agendas.
Testing luminaires
Authors: Greenhill J.E. , Simons R.H.
Published: July 2017

This paper reviews recent national and international ideas on testing luminaires. Methods of automation in photometry and the benefits to be derived from computer processing of data are discussed. Proposals are made for the presentation of these data. Tests related to electrical, mechanical, and thermal requirements are summarized and some variations of rainproof flammability tests are indicated. The need for international agreement on requirements is emphasized.
Relationship between the method of detection and prognostic factors for breast cancer in a community with a screening programme
Authors: Baré Marisa , Bonfill Xavier , Andreu Xavier ,   The BCSP Research Group, Castanyer Eva , Darnell Ana , Florensa Ramon , Font Josep , Gallardo Xavier , Ganau Sergi , Montes Joan , Planas Jaume , Rabanal Elena , Rosell Ramon , Sáez Amparo , Seguí M. Ángel , Sentís Melcior , Tortajada Lídia , Villajos Maite
Published: July 2017

Objectives

To analyse and compare the prognostic factors of breast cancer in the target population of our community-screening programme as a function of the method of detection and to analyse the differences in the prognostic factors as a function of the patient's age and the screening episode.

Setting

A Breast Cancer-Screening Programme (BCSP) in Northeast Spain.

Methods

Observational study of all primary malignant breast lesions diagnosed in a woman between 50 and 69 years of age between 18 October 1995 and 31 December 2002. The 16 centres that women from the target population might have attended were contacted.

Results

A total of 225 (37.2%) of the lesions included were diagnosed through the BCSP, 59 (9.7%) interval cancers were detected, and 321 (53.1%) were detected through other circuits. Node involvement was significantly lower in the lesions detected at screening (32%) in comparison to the interval cancers (41.8%) and those detected through other circuits (47.5%). A significantly larger percentage of the interval tumours (28.6%) and the lesions diagnosed outside the BCSP (22.1%) scored 5.4 on the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) than those diagnosed within the programme (10.9%). The relation between the NPI and the detection method was only statistically significant in the 65-69-year-old age group. The NPI score of the tumours detected by the BCSP showed a statistically significant association with age.

Conclusion

This analysis has shown notable differences in some prognostic factors for breast cancer according to the method of detection. Association between age and the a priori prognosis of the malignant lesions arises.
Number and characteristics of breast cancer cases diagnosed in four periods in the screening interval of a biennial population-based screening programme
Authors: Hofvind Solveig , Bjurstam Nils , Sørum Ragnhild , Bjørndal Hilde , Thoresen Steinar , Skaane Per
Published: July 2017

Objective

To describe the distribution and prognostic tumour characteristics of interval breast cancers diagnosed in four periods after index screen (1-6, 7-12, 13-18 and 19+ months) in a population-based screening programme inviting women aged 50–69 years to biennial screening.

Setting

The Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Programme (NBCSP)

Methods

In all, 848 interval breast cancer cases were diagnosed in 437,235 screening examinations. The distribution and prognostic tumour characteristics of the interval cancers diagnosed in four periods in the screening interval will be described. Proportions and rates will be compared by χ2-test.

Results

A total of 70% of the interval cancers in the NBCSP were diagnosed in the second year of the interval. Except for tumour size (P = 0.027), we found no evidence of adverse prognostic breast characteristics (grade, lymph node involvement, oestrogen and progesterone receptor positive) in invasive tumours diagnosed during the second versus the first year of the screening interval (Chi square P 0.05 for all). The prognostic characteristics of the tumours did not differ by age groups. It was a decreasing interval cancer rate per 10,000 women-years by age.

Conclusion

The risk of interval cancer increases by time after index screen, and 70% of the interval cancers in the NBCSP were diagnosed in the second year of the interval. Prognostic histological tumour characteristics did not differ by time after index screen, thus mean sojourn time (tumour growth rate) seems important for stating an optimal screening interval in a population-based screening programme.
Public awareness of human papillomavirus
Authors: Cuschieri K S , Horne A W , Szarewski A , Cubie H A
Published: July 2017

Objectives

The main objective of this study was to review the evidence relating to the level of awareness of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the general population and the implications for the potential introduction of HPV vaccination and HPV testing as part of screening.

Methods

PubMed search performed on terms: ‘HPV education’, ‘HPV awareness’ ‘Genital Warts Awareness’

Results

Public awareness of HPV is generally very low, particularly with respect to its relation to abnormal smears and cervical cancer although knowledge levels vary to some extent according to sociodemographic characteristics. There is also much confusion around which types cause warts and the types that can cause cancer. The sexually transmissible nature of the infection is of major concern and confusion to women.

Conclusions

Due to the lack of current awareness of HPV, significant education initiatives will be necessary should HPV vaccination and/or HPV testing be introduced. Organized edification of healthcare workers and the media, who constitute the two most preferred sources of information, will be crucial.
Acceptability of unsupervised HPV self-sampling using written instructions
Authors: Waller J , Mccaffery K , Forrest S , Szarewski A , Cadman L , Austin J , Wardle J
Published: July 2017

Objectives

The study measured the acceptability of self-sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in the context of cervical cancer screening. Women carried out self-sampling unsupervised, using a written instruction sheet.

Setting

Participants were women attending either a family planning clinic or a primary care trust for routine cervical screening.

Methods

Women (n = 902) carried out self-sampling for HPV testing and then a clinician did a routine cervical smear and HPV test. Immediately after having the two tests, participants completed a measure of acceptability for both tests, and answered questions about ease of using the instruction sheet and willingness to use self-sampling in the future.

Results

The majority of women found self-sampling more acceptable than the clinician-administered test, but there was a lack of confidence that the test had been done correctly. Significant demographic differences in attitudes were found, with married women having more favourable attitudes towards self-sampling than single women, and Asian women having more negative attitudes than women in other ethnic groups. Intention to use self-sampling in the future was very high across all demographic groups.

Conclusion

Self-sampling for HPV testing was highly acceptable in this large and demographically diverse sample, and women were able to carry out the test alone, using simple written instructions. Consistent with previous studies, women were concerned about doing the test properly and this issue will need to be addressed if self-sampling is introduced. More work is needed to see whether the demographic differences we found are robust and to identify reasons for lower acceptability among single women and those from Asian background.
A Study of Determinants of Capital Structure through Panel Data Analysis of Firms Listed in NSE CNX 500
Authors: Chaklader Barnali , Chawla Deepak
Published: July 2017

This study contributes to the capital structure literature by investigating the determinants of capital structure of firms listed in NSE CNX 500. The period of the study is 2008–2015, the period starting from the year of global slowdown. This study is an attempt to study the capital structure of firms listed in National Stock Exchange in the post liberalization period. The objectives of the study are to study the impact of independent variables such as growth, profitability, tangibility, liquidity, size and non-debt tax shield on financial leverage and also to find out whether the results are in line with the pecking order theory or the trade-off theory of capital structure. Size is taken as a control variable. Our study supports the trade-off theory for all variables such as growth, profitability, size tangibility and non-debt tax shield. Liquidity is the only independent variable that goes in accordance with the pecking order theory. Thus, this study is more inclined towards the trade-off theory.
Amalgamation of Talent and Knowledge Management Practices: A conceptual Research Model
Authors: Anbumathi R. , Sivasubramanian R. Chitra
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The major aim of the research is to review the talent management (TM) initiatives, knowledge management (KM) practices and the intervening effect of organizational culture, employee engagement and social capital on TM/KM relationship.

Approach

General review approach has been adopted, as the study reviews and discusses the TM initiatives and KM practices. Further, a theoretical model has been proposed amalgamating TM with KM practices.

Originality/value

Amalgamation of TM/KM has been discussed from the TM perspective in which this research has been designed in such a way that the impact of TM initiatives on KM practices is overviewed.
Relational Analysis of Emotional Intelligence and Change Management: A Suggestive Model for Enriching Change Management Skills
Authors: Dhingra Rekha , Punia Bijender K.
Published: July 2017

In the fast-changing business world, change management skills play a critical role in moulding change in favour of the competitive advantage. They have to deal with others’ emotions along with their own emotions in the fast-changing dynamics. In such a situation, executives’ emotional intelligence takes the centre stage in not only enhancing their change management skills but also in changing the course of change in favour of the organization. The present article attempts to explore the relationships of executives’ emotional intelligence with their change management skills. The article also examines as to which dimension of emotional intelligence significantly contribute in predicting and enriching their change management skills. A total of 510 executives from Indian organizations have been surveyed by using well-established measures of emotional intelligence and change management skills. Correlation and regression analysis unveils that self-awareness and self-management are the significant predictors and contributors in change management skills.
Exploring the Role of Complaint Handling among Complaining Consumers
Authors: Singh Vaishali , Jain Amit , Choraria Sapna
Published: July 2017

Differentiating organization through service quality and engaging customer for long-term profit motive is a strategic adaptation for the complex competitive retail platform in India. Such approach incorporates the value of trust to ensure desired customer retention. The procedure further intensifies when an organizational approach emphasize effective complaint handling system within its service protocol. Based on this established relationship, this study explores the viability of the framework in the presence of customer complain intention categories with Indian context. Data for this descriptive study are collected using a structured questionnaire from 450 respondents. Out of the three types of complainants (consumer complaint intention), voice complaint intention appeared as the strongest determinant of consumer trust and retention as compared to private and third party complaint intention. On providing complaint handling, the strength of the relationship improved to the greatest extent for private complaint intention while there was no effect of complaint handling for voice complaint intention. Results of the study highlight as to what extent complaint handling matters for different types of complainants (voice, private and third party). Such practices can help the retailers distinguish and accordingly handle various types of complainants. Effective complaint handling practices can make the complainants more trustworthy and loyal than before.
Impacts of Falling Crude Oil Prices and Reduction of Energy Subsidies on the Indian Economy: A CGE Modelling Approach
Authors: Ganguly Amrita , Das Koushik
Published: July 2017

This study analyzes the impacts of international crude oil fluctuations and energy subsidy (on LPG, petrol and diesel) removals on Indian economy. We have applied computable general equilibrium (CGE) modelling as our relevant methodology, following Shoven and Whalley ( J Econ Lit XXII: 1007–1051, 1984) based on energy social accounting matrix (ESAM) of India for the year 2007–2008. It is seen that the international crude oil price fluctuations has a greater effect in determining gross domestic product (GDP) and exchange rate as compared to the effect of energy subsidy removal. With decrease in international crude oil price, GDP increases and exchange rate appreciates. On the other hand, with decrease in energy subsidy, GDP decreases and exchange rate appreciates. Moreover, with introduction of direct cash transfer scheme in lieu of subsidy for LPG, it is seen that the impact on demand of LPG (substitution effect) is negligible indicating that LPG is an essential commodity.
Book Review: Ram Charan, The Attacker’s Advantage: Turning Uncertainty into Breakthrough Opportunities
Authors: Lele Abhijeet
Published: July 2017

Ram Charan, The Attacker’s Advantage: Turning Uncertainty into Breakthrough Opportunities, 2015, New York: PublicAffairs, 240 pp., $24.99 (hardcover). ISBN 978-1-61039-474-1
Book Review: Pritam Singh, Asha Bhandarker and Snigdha Rai, The Leadership Odyssey: From Darkness to Light and Aao Phir Se Deep Jalaayein (Let’s light the lamp again)—Bharat Ratna, Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Authors: Bisht Nidhi S.
Published: July 2017

Pritam Singh, Asha Bhandarker and Snigdha Rai, The Leadership Odyssey: From Darkness to Light. SAGE Publications: New Delhi, 2016, 322 pp., ₹975, ISBN: 978-93-515-0736-9.
Systematic Literature Review on Narratives in Organizations: Research Issues and Avenues for Future Research
Authors: Sahni Shalini , Sinha Chandranshu
Published: July 2017

Narrative as a method is an interpretive approach of sharing individual experiences and beliefs that facilitates knowledge and generates human responses. The purpose of this study is to review the body of literature available using narratology in organization studies. This article employs a systematic literature review of 186 research articles in 94 identified journals from the year 1995 to 2014 that were subsequently evaluated for analysis. The review identifies five different approaches used by the narrative researchers across disciplines—content analysis (case study method), structural analysis, oral narratives and personal narratives, their contribution and spread in organizations. This article attempts to reinforce the significance of taking narratives as a methodology in organizations by providing a systematic overview of past research works in organizational settings. The study also summarizes the analytical approaches of narrative analysis used in 186 articles, which might underpin the qualitative research and provide some practical advice for those who wish to use narrative analysis in future.
India, China and Climate Cooperation
Authors: Mizo Robert
Published: July 2017

India and China—two of the largest emitters today—share common concerns arising from climate change. Reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and several other studies have concluded that the two countries face imminent threat in the form of ecological degradation, food and water scarcity, agricultural shifts, health hazards, etc. due to climate change. In addition, India and China have shared national circumstances as developing countries. Both nations face serious third world challenges such as socio-economic development, poverty eradication, and health and food security concerns in their respective home fronts. Home to approximately one third of the global population, the developmental needs and aspirations of these countries are enormous and certainly bound to be further complicated by the effects of climate change. India and China have emerged as key players in the international climate change negotiations voicing the concerns of the developing world and ensuring that issues of equity and justice are incorporated in any climate change related international agreement. Given the commonalities of the problems faced by these countries, India and China have embarked on halting yet deliberate climate diplomacy over the years. The core concern of this article is to explore the nature and extent to which India and China have developed cooperative engagement on climate change both at the bilateral as well as the multilateral levels. The article would also seek to analyse the challenges that stand in the way to this cooperative endeavour. Prospects for further cooperation would be explored in the final section.
New Developments in International Law
Authors: Babanari Gholam Ali Nouri
Published: July 2017

The fate of law is change. Change is the law of nature. Law goes on changing in accordance with the demands of society. International Law(Jus Gentium) does not form any exception to the above truth. The 20th Century has witnessed an ever-accelerating rhythm of change; the scientific and technological developments have unleashed political, economic, social and cultural forces which are transforming the society at an increasing rate.1 International Law has undergone complete changes after the two World Wars and it has revolutionised itscorpus during the current century. The whole of recorded history of International Law has been a process of revolution or at least of change, for, in no one era has mankind stood completely still.2 International Law has been changing with the facts of international life. Modern International Law has experienced new developments and trends.

The new International Law, undoubtedly, has indicated the norms and rules that have evolved since the Second World War and more particularly since the creation of the United Nations. The new International Law has already manifested itself in the Charter of the United Nations.

The United Nations Charter marked a significant step forward in the development of International Law. It marked the beginning of a new era in interstate relations. It was a sincere effort to restructure interstate relations with a view to achieving a new world order. It is because of the impact of the United Nations and of its specialized agencies, a number of significant developments have taken place in the field of International Law.
Visions of death and re-creation: Ezekiel 8–11, 37:1–14 and the crisis of identity in the Babylonian exile and beyond
Authors: Hiebel Janina Maria
Published: July 2017

The words and images of death and re-creaction in Ezekiel refer to the collective identity of the House of Israel and to its relationship with its God. Two symptomatic texts are discussed: the first temple vision (Ezek 8–11) and the vision of the valley of bones (Ezek 37:1–14). From Ezek 8–11, the vision of the defiled temple, it becomes evident that the relationship between YHWH and Israel is in a crisis beyond repair; death and destruction are the consequences. The reality of death is the starting point of 37:1–14. The vision demonstrates YHWH’s ability and willingness to restore life even to the dry, scattered bones and, thus, also to Israel as the people of YHWH. For the author(s) of these texts, the initiative for destruction lies on the human side first; the initiative for restoration lies with God alone. What dies and is resurrected is the relationship between God and God’s people. Its ‘death’ becomes a threat to the identity of both. Its ‘re-creation’ is not an act of mercy but an act of power, safeguarding YHWH’s identity as well as Israel’s. Ezekiel’s contribution to overcoming the crisis of the Babylonian exile is not to be underestimated. These texts’ potential to encourage hope is greater than commonly granted and they may hold a message also for our times.