bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) model in people with HIV: A cross sectional study
Authors: Abdollapour Mahsa , Seyed Alinaghi Seyed Ahmad , Kianimoghadam Amir Sam , Masjedi‐Arani Abbas , Bakhtiari Maryam , Manshadi Seyed Ali Dehghan , Rostami Mohsen , Mohraz Minoo
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are a chronic and disabling disease that has a significant impact on quality of life due to weakening of physical health, financial problems and social stigma. This study aims to validate the Health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) model in people with human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) in Iran.

Methods

Four hundred and fifty‐two people with HIV from Imam Khomeini Hospital between the age of 18 and 65 years (men: 308, women: 144) participated in the research. anonymously completed a battery of questionnaires, namely the Persian basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration scale, SF‐36, PSQI and mindful attention awareness scale. The method of the present study was the structural equation model.

Results

Current findings indicated there is a significant positive between mindfulness and need satisfaction, physical and mental health and, significant negative between mindfulness and quality and quantity of sleep. Mindfulness and need satisfaction are significant positive predictors of quality of life in people with HIV. Quality and quantity of sleep are significant negative predictors of quality of life in people with HIV. There is a positive significance between need satisfaction and physical and mental health but there is a negative significance between need satisfaction and quality and quantity. there is a negative significant between the quality and quantity of sleep with physical and mental health. Mindfulness facilitates the satisfaction of more psychological needs and improves the quality of sleep. The quality of sleep is a negative significant predictor for physical and mental health but the quantity of sleep is a negative significant predictor for physical health.

Conclusion

The HRQOL model can explain 18% of physical health and 16% of mental health in people with HIV in Iran. The elements of this model can be useful in evaluating and treating people with HIV in the Iranian Population. They also can use the models to plan for better services.
The risk of premature cardiac contractions (PAC/PVC) related to caffeine consumption among healthcare workers: A comprehensive review
Authors: Abdolmaleki Maryam , Ohadi Laya , Changizi Faraz , Seyed Sara , Farjam Mina
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims

Premature atrial contractions (PACs) and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are ectopic heart rhythm disorders with implications for cardiovascular health. This study explores the relationship between caffeine consumption and the risk of PACs and PVCs, with a focus on healthcare workers, such as doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and midwives, who often rely on caffeine to combat fatigue, especially during night shifts.

Methods

A thorough review was conducted through PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, utilizing a combination of MeSH terms and keywords. Studies examining the link between caffeine consumption and PACs and PVCs, particularly in healthcare workers, were included.

Results

We found that caffeine shows various effects based on dosage and can impact arrhythmia risk. Individuals working long shifts, including healthcare professionals, are prone to increased caffeine intake, leading to higher cardiovascular risk. To mitigate these risks, tailored guidelines for caffeine consumption, flexible shift scheduling, and mental health support services are recommended. Promoting caffeine alternatives within healthcare institutions can be beneficial.

Conclusion

Although caffeine may have potential benefits, its drawbacks, particularly concerning cardiovascular health, may surpass its advantages, especially when consumed in high doses. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for healthcare workers’ well‐being and quality of patient care. Further research is required to refine and support these recommendations.
COVID‐19 infection during pregnancy and risk of early and late spontaneous miscarriages: A matched case–control population‐based study
Authors: Karawani Rawan , Barel Oshri , Lev‐Shalem Liat , Neeman Ortal , Pansky Moty , Brosh‐Nissimov Tal
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of COVID‐19 during the first trimester on the rate of first‐ and second‐trimester miscarriages. Secondary aims include the effect on stillbirths and the correlation between symptom severity and pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective matched case–control population‐based study extracted data from electronic medical records of a nationwide database of the second largest healthcare organization that provides medical services to over 2 000 000 patients in Israel. Pregnancy outcomes in COVID‐19‐positive pregnant patients in 2020 were compared with an age‐ and gestational‐week‐matched 1:2 case–control cohort of pre‐pandemic pregnant patients that received medical care in 2019.

Results

Of 68 485 pregnant women treated in 2020, 2333 were COVID‐19‐positive during pregnancy: 215 during the first trimester, 791 during the second trimester, and 1327 during the third trimester. We compared these data with the control cohort of 4580 pre‐pandemic pregnant patients. The rate of spontaneous miscarriage was significantly higher 146/2187 (6.3%) in COVID‐19‐positive patients versus 214/4580 (4.7%), (P < 0.01, odds ratio 1.34, 95% confidence interval 1.094–1.691). Most miscarriages occurred during the first trimester in both groups, yet the rates were significantly higher in the study group (5.4% vs 3.8%, P < 0.01). There was no association between COVID‐19 severity and miscarriage risk.

Conclusion

COVID‐19 diagnosis during early pregnancy increased the rate of spontaneous miscarriage in our cohort compared with an age‐ and gestational‐week‐matched pre‐pandemic control group.
Visualization of placental villi: Three‐dimensional ultrasound imaging shows coral‐like placental villous trees
Authors: Wang Hairui , Han Jiancheng , Gu Xiaoyan , Zhang Ye , He Yihua
Published: July 2024

Synopsis

We introduce a new microflow imaging technique, which can show the blood perfusion and morphological structure of placental villi.
A case of spontaneous bladder rupture successfully conservatively treated with transurethral debridement and hyperbaric oxygen therapy
Authors: Iijima Heisuke , Someya Rikuri , Tanaka Eriko , Yamazaki Mami , Yokoi Tomoya , Takahashi Takehiro , Ueda Masakatsu , Shiraishi Yusuke , Yoshimura Koji
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Spontaneous bladder rupture is a potentially life‐threatening condition. Its treatment often requires invasive strategies, mainly surgical closure, or cystectomy. We present a case where we successfully treated bladder rupture employing a less invasive technique of transurethral debridement and hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Case presentation

A woman in her 80s presenting with lower abdominal pain was suspected of vesicoenteric fistula. Subsequent investigations confirmed bladder rupture to the abdominal wall, which eventually developed into a vesicocutaneous fistula. To minimize the invasiveness of treatment, a combined strategy of transurethral debridement of the fistula, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy was taken, resulting in successful outcome.

Conclusion

Our approach was unique for its tolerability in comparison to conventional surgical approaches taken towards this condition.
Need for integration of genetic counselors in the Portuguese healthcare: Their added value from the medical geneticists perspective
Authors: Lungu Ruxanda , Guimarães Lídia , Costa Catarina , Paneque Milena
Published: July 2024

Genetic counseling plays a crucial role in providing individuals and families with comprehensive information, support, and guidance regarding genetic conditions. This article explores the benefits of the integration of the genetic counselor (GC) professional in Portugal and based on evidence collected from two focus group comprising Portuguese medical geneticists. The findings highlight the agreement of medical geneticists on the relevancy of GCs' integration into national healthcare as well as the need for education and training programs to enhance the genetics literacy of other healthcare professionals and increase public awareness and support for genetic counseling services. By incorporating GCs and adopting some actions suggested by participants as part of a future national strategy, Portugal can improve access to personalized genetic services and empower individuals to make informed decisions about their genetic health.
Citrin deficiency—The East‐side story
Authors: Häberle Johannes
Published: July 2024

Citrin deficiency (CD) is a complex metabolic condition due to defects in SLC25A13 encoding citrin, an aspartate/glutamate carrier located in the mitochondrial inner membrane. The condition was first described in Japan and other East Asian countries in patients who were thought to suffer from classical citrullinemia type 1, and was therefore classified as a urea cycle disorder. With an improved understanding of its molecular basis, it became apparent that a defect of citrin is primarily affecting the malate–aspartate shuttle with however multiple secondary effects on many central metabolic pathways including glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, de novo lipogenesis and ureagenesis. In the meantime, it became also clear that CD must be considered as a global disease with patients identified in many parts of the world and affected by SLC25A13 genotypes different from those known in East Asian populations. The present short review summarizes the (hi)story of this complex metabolic condition and tries to explain the relevance of including CD as a differential diagnosis in neonates and infants with cholestasis and in (not only adult) patients with hyperammonemia of unknown origin with subsequent impact on the emergency management.
Newborn screening for acid sphingomyelinase deficiency in Illinois: A single center's experience
Authors: Hickey Rachel E. , Baker Joshua
Published: July 2024

Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) caused by reduced activity of the acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) enzyme, which leads to progressive storage of sphingomyelin and related lipids in the body. ASMD is caused by biallelic variants in the SMPD1 gene, which encodes for the ASM enzyme. Current estimates of disease incidence range from 0.4 to 0.6 in 100 000 livebirths, although this is likely an underestimation of the true frequency of the disorder. While there is no cure for ASMD, comprehensive care guidelines and enzyme replacement therapy are available, making an early diagnosis crucial. Newborn screening (NBS) for ASMD is possible through measurement of ASM activity in dried blood spots and offers the opportunity for early diagnosis. In 2015, Illinois (IL) became the first to initiate statewide implementation of NBS for ASMD. This study describes the outcomes of screen‐positive patients referred to Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital (Lurie). Ten infants were referred for diagnostic evaluation at Lurie, and all 10 infants were classified as confirmed ASMD or at risk for ASMD through a combination of molecular and biochemical testing. Disease incidence was calculated using data from this statewide implementation program and was ~0.79 in 100 000 livebirths. This study demonstrates successful implementation of NBS for ASMD in IL, with high screen specificity and a notable absence of false positive screens.
T2*‐Relaxometry MRI to Assess Third Trimester Placental and Fetal Brain Oxygenation and Placental Characteristics in Healthy Fetuses and Fetuses With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Cromb Daniel , Steinweg Johannes , Aviles Verdera Jordina , van Poppel Milou P.M. , Bonthrone Alexandra F. , Lloyd David F.A. , Pushparajah Kuberan , Simpson John , Razavi Reza , Rutherford Mary , Counsell Serena J. , Hutter Jana
Published: July 2024

Background

Congenital heart disease (CHD) has been linked to impaired placental and fetal brain development. Assessing the placenta and fetal brain in parallel may help further our understanding of the relationship between development of these organs.

Hypothesis

1) Placental and fetal brain oxygenation are correlated, 2) oxygenation in these organs is reduced in CHD compared to healthy controls, and 3) placental structure is altered in CHD.

Study Type

Retrospective case–control.

Population

Fifty‐one human fetuses with CHD (32 male; median [IQR] gestational age [GA] = 32.0 [30.9–32.9] weeks) and 30 from uncomplicated pregnancies with normal birth outcomes (18 male; median [IQR] GA = 34.5 [31.9–36.7] weeks).

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5 T single‐shot multi‐echo‐gradient‐echo echo‐planar imaging.

Assessment

Masking was performed using an automated nnUnet model. Mean brain and placental T2* and quantitative measures of placental texture, volume, and morphology were calculated.

Statistical Tests

Spearman's correlation coefficient for determining the association between brain and placental T2*, and between brain and placental characteristics with GA. P‐values for comparing brain T2*, placenta T2*, and placental characteristics between groups derived from ANOVA. Significance level P < 0.05.

Results

There was a significant positive association between placental and fetal brain T2* (⍴ = 0.46). Placental and fetal brain T2* showed a significant negative correlation with GA (placental T2* ⍴ = −0.65; fetal brain T2* ⍴ = −0.32). Both placental and fetal brain T2* values were significantly reduced in CHD, after adjusting for GA (placental T2*: control = 97 [±24] msec, CHD = 83 [±23] msec; brain T2*: control = 218 [±26] msec, CHD = 202 [±25] msec). Placental texture and morphology were also significantly altered in CHD (Texture: control = 0.84 [0.83–0.87], CHD = 0.80 [0.78–0.84]; Morphology: control = 9.9 [±2.2], CHD = 10.8 [±2.0]). For all fetuses, there was a significant positive association between placental T2* and placental texture (⍴ = 0.46).

Conclusion

Placental and fetal brain T2* values are associated in healthy fetuses and those with CHD. Placental and fetal brain oxygenation are reduced in CHD. Placental appearance is significantly altered in CHD and shows associations with placental oxygenation, suggesting altered placental development and function may be related.

Evidence Level

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
Remediation of cationic dye from wastewater using a new environmentally friendly adsorbent: A response surface methodology and artificial neural network modeling study
Authors: Telli Samiya , Ghodbane Houria , Laouissi Aissa , Zamouche Meriem , Kadmi Yassine
Published: July 2024

In the current report, both response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were employed to develop an innovative way for removing crystal violet (CV) from aqueous media using Haloxylon salicornicum (HS) as a cost‐effective, eco‐friendly adsorbent. HS was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The effects of operational parameters such as adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, and pH on HS were studied using a central composite design (CCD). A comparative analysis of the model findings and experimental measurements revealed high correlation coefficients (R2ANN = 0.994, R2RSM = 0.971), indicating both models accurately predicted HS. The predictive performance of the ANN and RSM models was evaluated using metrics such as mean absolute deviation (MAD), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean square error (MSE), and the correlation coefficient (R2). The results indicate that the ANN model provides greater accuracy compared to the RSM model. The experimental data were analyzed using both linear and nonlinear forms of pseudo‐first and pseudo‐second order kinetic models (LPFO, NLPFO, LPSO, and NLPSO). Statistical error analysis was conducted to identify the best‐fitting kinetic or isotherm models for the adsorption data. The adsorption process of CV/HS was best described by NLPSO and LPSO. Additionally, the adsorption isotherms were analyzed using linear and nonlinear regression methods. The findings indicated that the linear Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms provided a more accurate fit compared to the nonlinear models, demonstrating greater effectiveness in accounting for the adsorption parameters. Thermodynamic investigations clearly demonstrate that the biosorption of CV is spontaneous and exothermic. This cost‐effective adsorbent is highly promising for treating textile wastewater.
Delivery of Interventions for Multiple Lifestyle Factors in Primary Healthcare Settings: A Narrative Review Addressing Strategies for Effective Implementation
Authors: Leese Callum J. , Al‐Zubaidi Hussain , Smith Blair H.
Published: July 2024

The escalating burden of lifestyle‐related diseases stands as a critical global public health challenge, contributing substantially to the prevalence of chronic conditions and a large portion of premature mortality. Despite this, concise evidence‐based lifestyle interventions targeting physical inactivity, nutrition, alcohol and smoking continue to be underutilised. Although good evidence exists for addressing the four lifestyle‐related risk factors independently, rarely do these present in isolation. Evidence is lacking regarding how to integrate interventions targeting multiple risk factors. Consequently, this paper aims to provide an overview of the evidence for delivering multiple interventions in primary healthcare settings.

Different lifestyle factors are inter‐related, with decisions around ordering of the delivery of multiple lifestyle interventions an important consideration. There is evidence supporting the effectiveness of addressing some lifestyle factors simultaneously (e.g., physical activity and nutrition), although smoking cessation may be delivered best in a sequential approach. While the World Health Organisation highlights four key lifestyle factors (nutrition, physical activity, alcohol and smoking), incorporating additional elements such as sleep, mental well‐being and social connectedness offers a holistic framework for promoting well‐being.

Despite the presentation of multiple behaviour risk factors being commonplace in healthcare settings, the evidence (outlined in the paper) for how best to deliver interventions to address this is limited, with further research and subsequent clinical guidance required.

In order to address the barriers to delivering lifestyle interventions in primary care, innovation will be required. The use of non‐medical personnel, social prescribers and health coaches has the potential to alleviate time constraints, whilst mounting evidence exists for group consultations for addressing lifestyle‐related non‐communicable diseases (NCDs). If the challenges to implementation can be addressed, and if healthcare systems can adapt for the promotion of healthy lifestyles, the impact of NCDs can be mitigated.
“Ascorbic Acid” or “Vitamin C?” When and how scientifically or commonly named ingredients enhance product evaluations
Authors: Tok Dickson , Chen Xi , Chang Chun‐Tuan , Chu Xing‐Yu (Marcos)
Published: July 2024

This research investigates how product evaluations are impacted by two strategies for presenting an ingredient: with its common name or with its scientific name. We find that using the scientific name of a major ingredient enhances product evaluations when the product is perceived as utilitarian, whereas using the common name for that ingredient has a positive impact on product evaluations when the product is perceived as hedonic. The above fit effects are mediated by the consumer's enhanced sense of “feeling right.” Furthermore, we find that using the scientific name for a harmful ingredient that has been removed is more likely to enhance product evaluations than referring to the removed ingredient by its common name. Our findings provide important insights that can help marketers choose the ingredient name that most effectively promotes their products.
p110CUX1 promotes acute myeloid leukemia progression via regulating pyridoxal phosphatase expression and activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Hongyan , Zhong Liang , Wang Meng , Wan Peng , Chu Xuan , Chen Shuyu , Zhou Ziwei , Shao Xin , Liu Beizhong
Published: July 2024

As an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor, Cut‐like homeobox 1 (CUX1) plays crucial roles in embryonic and nervous system development, cell differentiation, and DNA damage repair. One of its major isoforms, p110CUX1, exhibits stable DNA binding capabilities and contributes to the regulation of cell cycle progression, proliferation, migration, and invasion. While p110CUX1 has been implicated in the progression of various malignant tumors, its involvement in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains uncertain. This study aims to elucidate the role of p110CUX1 in AML. Our findings reveal heightened expression levels of both p110CUX1 and pyridoxal phosphatase (PDXP) in AML cell lines. Overexpression of p110CUX1 promotes AML cell proliferation while inhibiting apoptosis and differentiation, whereas knockdown of PDXP yields contrasting effects. Mechanistically, p110CUX1 appears to facilitate AML development by upregulating PDXP expression and activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Animal experimental corroborate the pro‐AML effect of p110CUX1. These results provide experimental evidence supporting the involvement of the p110CUX1‐PDXP‐PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis in AML progression. Hence, targeting p110CUX1 may hold promise as a therapeutic strategy for AML.
Training, funding support, collaboration key to recruit, retain BH providers
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: July 2024

Enrollment in graduate programs fluctuated wildly during the pandemic, with both the University of Maryland and Howard University, for example, reporting declines in enrollment in 2020 and 2021 as well as reductions in the numbers of graduates, attendees heard during a webinar hosted by the National Association for Children's Behavioral Health (NACBH) in collaboration with the Mental Health Technology Transfer Center Network (MHTTC) earlier this month.
Quasi‐stability and continuity for wave equation with a fractional damping and a small delay
Authors: Qin Yuming , Han Xiaoyue , Wang Ke
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we shall deal with the long‐time dynamics of a nonlinear system of wave equation with a fractional damping and a small delay. Inspired by the works of Chueshov and Lasiecka on the property of quasi‐stability of dynamic systems, we show first the quasi‐stability property holds for the problem considered here and then prove the existence of global and exponential attractors. We shall also prove the upper semicontinuities of global attractors with respect to the fractional exponents. Finally, we shall show the continuities of global attractors with respect to a small parameter multiplying the delay term in a residual dense set and their upper semicontinuities in a complete metric space.
Observer‐based networked predictive controller with bounded and unknown time‐varying delay
Authors: Sarkarfarshi Elshan , Hashemzadeh Farzad , Bagheri Peyman , Rezaei Mohammad Amin
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates a networked control system with bounded and time‐varying delays. Also, an observer‐based predictive controller is developed for the active compensation of the network communication delay since it may lead to poor performances or even unstable dynamics for the systems. The existence of the state observer can be established by choosing an appropriate Lyapunov function, and to do this, Luenberger observer gain is computed with Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) based on the stability conditions of the system. The practical aspect of this research, different from previous works, is the accessibility of the states that are not always available for the system. Controller and observer gains and other essential variables are derived through LMI. In the closed‐loop system, which is modeled as a switching system, the switches are based on communication delays. Using the Lyapunov stability method for switching systems, sufficient LMI conditions are derived to guarantee the stability of the closed‐loop system. Finally, the results of the simulation have demonstrated the performance of the methodology presented.
Ablation simulation of integral woven gradient three‐dimensional thermal protection structures for planetary exploration
Authors: Wang Tongkai , Li Weijie , Zhu Mengdie , Liang Haoran , Zhang Zhongwei , Li Ying
Published: July 2024

For the harsh entry environment and higher thermal protection requirements, two structures of three‐dimensional woven gradient thermal protection materials were designed and prepared with the deep space exploration thermal protection system as the object. They are 3D orthogonal woven, 2.5D layer‐to‐layer angle interlock woven, 2.5D layer‐layer angle interlock woven structure(OLL) composite and 3D orthogonal woven, angle 2.5D layer‐to‐layer angle interlock woven, honeycomb structure(OLH) composite. Two materials were prepared and examined by ablation in an oxygen‐acetylene flame. A three‐dimensional macroscopic ablation model was established on the basis of the experiment, and the model was verified to be accurate and effective, which can well respond to the pyrolytic ablation process of the materials. The two designed materials are applied to the outsole of MSL by simulation, and the three‐dimensional response during the entry into Mars is simulated and analyzed in comparison with the thermal protection performance of PICA material. Both materials show better thermal protection than PICA and can be used as a reference in the selection of thermal protection materials.

Highlights

Two kinds of 3D gradient woven thermal protection materials are designed.

A 3D thermal protection system response model is established.

The three‐dimensional response during entry was analyzed.

Thermal protection of the material is superior to that of PICA.
Enhanced mechanical performance of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites by interface modification with self‐assembled γ‐Al2O3 nanosheet/graphene
Authors: Liu Rong , Chen Jie , Gong Zhanghao , Sun Lihao , Dai Shengtao , Zhao Wei , Ma Mingshuo , Liu Zhigang
Published: July 2024

In order to enhance the mechanical performance of carbon fiber/epoxy resin composites (CF/EPs), a series of γ‐Al2O3 nanosheet/graphene (AG) composites were prepared by hydrothermal method, and successfully introduced into the carbon fiber (CF) surface via self‐assembly process, which significantly improved the interfacial bonding force between CF and EP. Mechanical test results showed that the AG modified CF/EPs exhibited superior properties in interfacial shear strength (IFSS), interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), tensile strengths, and flexural strengths compared with the untreated CF/EPs, which were enhanced by 142.9%, 59.6%, 152.5%, and 40.5%, respectively. This is mainly because AG largely increases the CF surface roughness and penetrates into the matrix to enhance the mechanical interlocking effect, crack deflection effect, and Van der Waals forces between CF and polymer matrix. Briefly, the AG synthesized in this study will provide an experimental validation for the development of high‐performance carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) and exhibit potential application prospects in automotive and other fields.

Highlights

Graphene effectively inhibits the agglomeration of γ‐Al2O3 nanosheet.

γ‐Al2O3 nanosheet/graphene increases the interfacial properties of CF/EPs.

γ‐Al2O3 nanosheet/graphene largely enhances the mechanical performance of CF/EPs.

The as‐prepared AGCF/EPs have potential application in automotive and other fields.
Deep learning methods for protein function prediction
Authors: Boadu Frimpong , Lee Ahhyun , Cheng Jianlin
Published: July 2024

Predicting protein function from protein sequence, structure, interaction, and other relevant information is important for generating hypotheses for biological experiments and studying biological systems, and therefore has been a major challenge in protein bioinformatics. Numerous computational methods had been developed to advance protein function prediction gradually in the last two decades. Particularly, in the recent years, leveraging the revolutionary advances in artificial intelligence (AI), more and more deep learning methods have been developed to improve protein function prediction at a faster pace. Here, we provide an in‐depth review of the recent developments of deep learning methods for protein function prediction. We summarize the significant advances in the field, identify several remaining major challenges to be tackled, and suggest some potential directions to explore. The data sources and evaluation metrics widely used in protein function prediction are also discussed to assist the machine learning, AI, and bioinformatics communities to develop more cutting‐edge methods to advance protein function prediction.
A cross‐omics data analysis strategy for metabolite‐microbe pair identification
Authors: Sun Tao , Sun Dongnan , Kuang Junliang , Chao Xiaowen , Guo Yihan , Li Mengci , Chen Tianlu
Published: July 2024

Given the pivotal roles of metabolomics and microbiomics, numerous data mining approaches aim to uncover their intricate connections. However, the complex many‐to‐many associations between metabolome‐microbiome profiles yield numerous statistically significant but biologically unvalidated candidates. To address these challenges, we introduce BiOFI, a strategic framework for identifying metabolome‐microbiome correlation pairs (Bi‐Omics). BiOFI employs a comprehensive scoring system, incorporating intergroup differences, effects on feature correlation networks, and organism abundance. Meanwhile, it establishes a built‐in database of metabolite‐microbe‐KEGG functional pathway linking relationships. Furthermore, BiOFI can rank related feature pairs by combining importance scores and correlation strength. Validation on a dataset of cesarean‐section infants confirms the strategy's validity and interpretability. The BiOFI R package is freely accessible at https://github.com/chentianlu/BiOFI.
Potential effects of Resatorvid and alpha lipoic acid on gentamicin‐induced nephrotoxicity in rats
Authors: Dik Burak , Hatipoglu Durmus , Ates Mehmet Burak
Published: July 2024

Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic with a rapid bactericidal effect on the treatment of many infections. However, its use at high concentrations for more than 7 days causes nephrotoxic side effects. This study investigated the potential of Resatorvid and alpha lipoic acid (ALA) in mitigating gentamicin‐induced nephrotoxicity in rats, considering biochemical, histopathological, and molecular parameters. This study randomly distributed 34 Wistar albino rats into four groups: healthy control (n = 6), Gentamicin (80 mg/kg, n = 7), Gentamicin + Sham (%10 hydroalcoholic solution, n = 7), Gentamicin + Resatorvid (5 mg/kg, n = 7), and Gentamicin + ALA (100 mg/kg, n = 7). Resatorvid treatment led to a statistically significant decrease in urinary IL‐18, KIM‐1, and NGAL levels, whereas ALA treatment significantly reduced KIM‐1 levels compared to the gentamicin‐only group. Both Resatorvid and ALA showed partial reductions in urine creatinine levels. Moreover, treatments with Resatorvid and ALA resulted in statistically significant decreases in NRF‐2, CAS‐3, and NR4A2 expressions. However, only Resatorvid demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in NF‐B expression. These findings highlight the potential of Resatorvid in ameliorating gentamicin‐induced nephrotoxicity, thereby expanding the therapeutic utility of gentamicin and enhancing its efficacy against infections.
Prefiltered component‐based greedy (PreCoG) scan method
Authors: French Joshua P. , Meysami Mohammad , Lipner Ettie M.
Published: July 2024

The spatial distribution of disease cases can provide important insights into disease spread and its potential risk factors. Identifying disease clusters correctly can help us discover new risk factors and inform interventions to control and prevent the spread of disease as quickly as possible. In this study, we propose a novel scan method, the Prefiltered Component‐based Greedy (PreCoG) scan method, which efficiently and accurately detects irregularly shaped clusters using a prefiltered component‐based algorithm. The PreCoG scan method's flexibility allows it to perform well in detecting both regularly and irregularly‐shaped clusters. Additionally, it is fast to apply while providing high power, sensitivity, and positive predictive value for the detected clusters compared to other scan methods. To confirm the effectiveness of the PreCoG method, we compare its performance to many other scan methods. Additionally, we have implemented this method in the smerc R package to make it publicly available to other researchers. Our proposed PreCoG scan method presents a unique and innovative process for detecting disease clusters and can improve the accuracy of disease surveillance systems.
Solvent‐Free Efficient Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid over Silicotungstic Acid Promoting the Activity of CuNiAl Catalysts: A Synergistic Effect
Authors: Wei Ruiping , Shao Zhenyu , Wang Ziqi , Yao Mingzhu , Gao Lijing , Xiao Guomin
Published: July 2024

Multi‐metallic catalysts rely on the synergistic effect between metals to perform better catalytic effect in biomass hydrogenation experiments compared with mono‐metallic catalysts. A series of CuNiAl composite metal oxide catalysts promoted by silicotungstic acid (HSiW), which were prepared by co‐precipitation and impregnation methods, were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N2‐physisorption, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and NH3 program temperature desorption (NH3‐TPD) and pyridine infrared adsorption (Py‐FTIR). Their catalytic performance was evaluated in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to prepare γ‐valerolactone (GVL). The results showed that the addition of Cu could improve the hydrogenation activity of Ni, and the addition of HSiW could further increase the amount of acid sites in the catalysts. Both of them could enhance the conversion of LA to some extent. CuNiAl‐5SiW, the par excellence catalyst, relied on the synergistic interactions between metals as well as the Brønsted and Lewis acid active sites to show efficient hydrogenation performance. The CuNiAl‐5SiW catalyst demonstrated 96.9 % conversion of LA and more than 99 % selectivity to GVL under 2 hours of reaction time, 180 °C of reaction temperature, 3.0 MPa of initial hydrogen pressure and solvent‐free conditions.
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Zwitterionic Phthalocyanine for Efficient Synthesis of Polyhydroquinoline and Chromene Derivatives
Authors: Moeinimehr Mahtab , Safaiee Maliheh , Taherpour Avat Arman
Published: July 2024

This study presents the synthesis and characterization of a new, recyclable, and thermally stable heterogeneous catalyst for the efficient synthesis of polyhydroquinoline and chromene derivatives. The catalyst was characterized using various techniques, including UV spectroscopy, FT‐IR, TGA, DTG, SEM, XRD, ICP Spectroscopy, and CHN analysis. The successfully designed phthalocyanine incorporates both Brønsted and Lewis acid functionality, along with zwitterionic properties. It was effectively utilized in the synthesis of polyhydroquinoline and chromene derivatives. The methodology offers several advantages, such as a simple procedure, excellent yields, and a short reaction time. The findings from this research provide valuable insights into formulating and advancing new catalysts for significant organic reactions.
Effects of Carnosic and Usnic Acid on Pentose Phosphate Pathway Enzymes: An Experimental and Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Demir Yeliz , Öztürk Neslihan , Isıyel Murat , Ceylan Hamid
Published: July 2024

6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) and Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) are crucial enzymes involved in generating cellular reducing power. Modifying the balance of reduced NADPH is considered essential for cancer advancement and combined therapeutic strategies. Usnic acid (UA) is a physiologically active dibenzofuran derivative. Carnosic acid (CA) is a phenolic diterpene that has been isolated from several plants. This work evaluated the inhibitory effects of UA and CA on G6PD and 6PGD by in vitro tests. Molecular docking studies were employed to predict the mechanisms of inhibition. IC50 values for UA and CA were determined to be 49.50 μM and 77.00 μM for G6PD, and 69.30 μM and 57.75 μM for 6PGD, respectively. The Ki values for UA and CA were determined to be 35.01±7.69 μM and 43.46±10.48 μM for G6PD, and 104.87±11.86 μM and 31.17±2.55 μM for 6PGD, respectively. UA was identified as the most effective inhibitor against G6PD, whereas CA exhibited the best inhibitory activity against 6PGD, with estimated binding energies of −8.0 and −7.8 kcal/mol, respectively, in molecular docking studies. Ultimately, it was shown that the results obtained from in vitro and in silico methods in the study were strongly associated. These chemicals′ structure might assist in creating medications that focus on the pentose phosphate pathway.
Exploring Multifaceted Roles of Nitroreductases in Bacterial, Animal and Plant Biosystems and their Detection using Fluorescent Probes
Authors: Verma Shagun , Singla Nancy , Bhadwal Siloni Singh , Chouhan Rekha , Kumar Subodh , Gandhi Sumit G. , Kaur Satwinderjeet
Published: July 2024

Nitroreductases are the enzymes that can convert nitroaromatic substances including explosives like TNT to their corresponding nitrite, hydroxylamine or amino derivatives with reduced NADH or NADPH as an electron donor. A wide range of nitroreductases are known to present in bacterial genomes that are explored for their potential in the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds and they are used in converting prodrugs to toxic hydroxylamine derivatives causing tumor cell killing. Likewise, in cancer cells, the low oxygen condition called hypoxia is a characteristic of solid tumors and during hypoxia nitroreductase gene expression occurs. Moreover, due to the ability of nitroreductases to reduce nitroaromatic compounds, phytoremediation potential of plants was inspected by expressing bacterial nitroreductase genes in plants through genetic engineering. Due to its diversity and widespread applications in different biosystems, its detection has gained momentum among the scientific community. Designing fluorescent probes for detecting nitroreductases has emerged as a beneficial tool compared to conventional monitoring approaches due to their high sensitivity, selectivity, and real‐time monitoring ability. This review aims to provide an understanding of the activity and the status of nitroreductases in bacteria, plants and animal cells as well as the significance of fluorescent imaging‐related studies by employing recently designed probes.
Reversible Light‐Triggered Stretching of Small‐Molecule Photochromic Organic Nanoparticles
Authors: Bequet‐Ermoy Etienne , Silvestre Virginie , Cuenot Stéphane , Ishow Eléna
Published: July 2024

Functional organic nanomaterials are nowadays largely spread in the field of nanomedicine. In situ modulation of their morphology is thus expected to considerably impact their interactions with the surroundings. In this context, photoswitchable nanoparticles that are manufactured, amenable to extensive disassembling upon illumination in the visible, and reversible reshaping under UV exposure. Such reversibility turns to be strongly impaired for photochromic nanoparticles in close contact with a substrate. In situ atomic force microscopy investigations at the nanoscale actually reveal progressive disintegration of the organic nanoparticles under successive UV–vis cycles of irradiation, in the absence of intrinsic elastic forces. These results point out the dramatic interactions exerted by surfaces on the cohesion of non‐covalently bonded organic nanoparticles. They invite to harness such systems, often used as biomarkers, to also serve as photoactivatable drug delivery nanocarriers.
Exploring security and privacy enhancement technologies in the Internet of Things: A comprehensive review
Authors: Ataullah Md. , Chauhan Naveen
Published: July 2024

In the era heavily influenced by Internet of Things (IoT), prioritizing strong security and the protection of user privacy is of utmost importance. This comprehensive review paper embarks on a meticulous examination of the multifaceted challenges and risks facing IoT security and privacy. It encompasses the hardware, software, and data‐in‐transit domains, shedding light on potential vulnerabilities and associated threats. In response to these concerns, this paper puts forth recommendations for effective strategies to mitigate these risks. Providing a road‐map for enhancing security and privacy in IoT environments. Furthermore, this review thoroughly assesses a multitude of solutions proposed by various authors, with the primary aim of enhancing security and privacy within the IoT landscape. The analysis provides insights into the strengths and limitations of these solutions. This is aiding in the development of a holistic comprehension of the existing status of IoT security and privacy. Moreover, the paper delves into the complexities surrounding integrating emerging technologies into the IoT framework. It explores the obstacles and challenges inherent in this process and proposes potential strategies to address these hurdles. By doing so, the review provides a holistic perspective on existing security and privacy enhancement technologies and offers guidance on navigating the dynamic landscape of emerging technologies within the IoT domain. Publications included in the review consist of journal articles, conference papers, and book chapters from reputable sources indexed in SCI (Science Citation Index), Scopus, and Web of Science.
Chemistry of Cyclo[18]Carbon (C18): A Review
Authors: Pooja  , Yadav Sarita , Pawar Ravinder
Published: July 2024

Carbon‐based allotropes are propelling a technological revolution in communication, sensing, and computing, concurrently challenging fundamental theories of the previous century. Nevertheless, the demand for advanced carbon‐based materials remains substantial. The crux lies in the efficient and reliable engineering of novel carbon allotrope. Although C18 has undergone theoretical and experimental investigation for an extended period, its preparation and direct observation in the condensed phase occurred only recently through STM/AFM techniques. The distinctive cyclic ring structure and the dual 18‐center π delocalization character introduce various uncommon properties to C18, rendering it a subject worthy of in‐depth exploration. In this context, this review delves into past developments contributing to the state‐of‐the‐art understanding of C18 and provides insights into how future endeavours can expedite practical applications. Encompassing a broad spectrum, this review comprehensively investigates almost all facets of C18, including geometric characteristics, electron delocalization, bonding nature, aromaticity, reactivity, electronic excitation, UV/Vis spectrum, intermolecular interaction, response to external fields, electron affinity, ionization, and other molecular properties. Moreover, the review also outlines representative strategies for the direct synthesis and characterization of C18 using atom manipulation techniques. Following this, C18‐based complexes are summarized, and potential applications in catalysis, electrochemical devices, optoelectronics, and sensing are discussed.
A review of frequently used Kampo prescriptions. Part 5. Rikkunshito
Authors: Kainuma Mosaburo , Imazu Yoshihiro , Imazu Hiroki , Tanaka Koichiro , Uezono Yasuhito , Tominaga Kazunari , Fujimoto Makoto
Published: July 2024

Background

The source of rikkunshito (RKT) is thought to be Yixuezhengzhuan by Yu Tuan. RKT was originally designed for many patients to treat gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal bloating, discomfort, nausea, and anorexia.

Key Findings

RKT consists of eight types of crude drugs. Clinical studies including randomized clinical trials (RCT) for patients with non‐erosive reflux disease (NERD) refractory to proton‐pump inhibitor (PPI) have demonstrated that RKT improves not only acid‐related dysmotility symptoms, but also extra‐esophageal symptoms, and with RCT trial for functional dyspepsia (FD), RKT can simultaneously treat gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms. Moreover, RKT was recently applied to the day‐to‐day conditions, post‐operative management, and chemotherapy in cancer patients. Preclinical studies have also reported that various pharmacological functions of RKT such as its protective effect on mucosal injuries and its prokinetic effect on gastrointestinal tract motility have been elucidated. RKT was considered to increase plasma ghrelin levels by the inhibition of 5‐HT2B and 5‐HT2C receptor activities, enhanced ghrelin‐mediated signaling, inhibited degradation of acylated ghrelin to suppress decreases in plasma ghrelin levels by inhibiting the rate of degradation of acyl ghrelin to des‐acyl ghrelin, and inhibited PDE III activity. The incidence of adverse events associated with RKT was only 1.2%, and almost all adverse drug reactions were non‐serious reactions.

Conclusion

RKT is one of the very good candidates for beneficial medicines especially for patients presenting with intractable symptoms caused by gastrointestinal diseases such as disorders of gut–brain interaction or cancers.
Synthesis and dielectric properties of polyvinyl chloride/zinc oxide nanocomposites
Authors: Al‐Shawabkeh Ali F. , Shaheen Adel A. , Elimat Ziad M. , Imran Mousa M. A. , Hamadneh Imad , Al‐Dujaili Ammar H.
Published: July 2024

Because of its special structural and functional characteristics, poly(vinyl chloride)/zinc oxide nanocomposite (PVC/ZnO) exhibits great potential in a variety of electrical, optical, water treatment, and medical applications. According to that, this study was carried out to examine the AC electrical properties of the prepared PVC/ZnO nanocomposite films using the AC impedance techniques. The PVC/ZnO nanocomposite films were prepared by casting method by weight% concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% ZnO nanoparticle. Each mixture was fabricated in film and casted in 5 cm × 5 cm glass caste. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the nanocomposites samples. The results of the FTIR spectroscopy analysis of the PVC/ZnO nanocomposites confirmed the presence of peaks characteristic of the vibration of the ZnO bond. XRD revealed that pure PVC films are partially crystalline with hallow peak but ZnO nanoparticles have wurtzite structure, and the nanocomposite films were almost the same as those of ZnO with decrease in the degree of crystallization, causing increase in the amorphous region. The surface of the films was analyzed by SEM, which becomes rough with some small aggregates compared with pure PVC with good distribution in the entire surface region with bright spots. The electrical properties AC conductivity (), real dielectric constant (), imaginary dielectric constant (), real electrical modulus (), and imaginary electric modulus () were studied in the frequency range 2–6 MHz and temperature range 293–313 K for the prepared film studied. The results showed that the properties of the PVC/ZnO nanocomposite films were found to be dependent on the frequency, and the concentration of the ZnO nanoparticle in the PVC polymer matrix. In addition, the results of the study show that there is a sharp increase in the , with increasing of temperature. In contrast, the other parameters, that is, , , , and are temperature independence.

Highlights

PVC/ZnO nanocomposite films with different weight% concentrations of ZnO nanoparticle were prepared.

AC electrical properties were measured using AC impedance techniques.

The nanocomposites samples were characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM.

Electrical properties , , , , and were found to be frequency and temperature dependences.