bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influência do histórico de letramento dos candidatos na mobilização de práticas letradas na redação de vestibular
Authors: Silva Elizabeth Maria da , Araújo Denise Lino de
Published: October 2011

este artigo tem dois objetivos: (1) descrever o histórico de letramento dos candidatos (HL) ao vestibular da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG) e (2) analisar as associações entre a mobilização de práticas letradas nas redações de vestibular e o HL dos candidatos. Os dados indicam que o histórico de letramento constituído por práticas do letramento escolar não se mostrou suficiente para que os candidatos atendessem às práticas letradas requeridas pelo exame. No entanto, aqueles que demonstraram um HL pontuado por experiências de escrita adquiridas fora da escola atenderam de modo mais adequado ao que fora solicitado na produção textual.
Redesenhando currículos de língua inglesa em tempos globais
Authors: Duboc Ana Paula Martinez
Published: October 2011

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão acerca de propostas curriculares para o ensino de língua inglesa na educação básica brasileira diante das recentes transformações das sociedades contemporâneas, assumindo como aporte teórico as novas teorias de letramento. A escolha justifica-se porque tais teorias têm apresentado interessantes reconceituações de conhecimento, de língua e de pedagogia. O artigo analisará duas propostas curriculares produzidas em diferentes escalas. Primeiramente, o trabalho buscará investigar as bases epistemológicas que fundamentam ambos os documentos, para, em seguida, expandir a reflexão sob o ponto de vista das demandas trazidas pela globalização, com ênfase para o embate entre local e global.
Worldwide Host Plants of the Highly Polyphagous, Invasive Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Brockerhoff E. G. , Suckling D. M. , Ecroyd C. E. , Wagstaff S. J. , Raabe M. C. , Dowell R. V. , Wearing C. H.
Published: October 2011

The light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a highly successful biological invader. It was accidentally introduced to several countries including New Zealand, Hawaii, England, and California. Light brown apple moth attacks a wide range of crop plants and other woody and herbaceous plants, but a more comprehensive analysis of its host range is needed for risk assessments, to evaluate the likely economic and environmental impacts, and to enable targeting of particular plant species for detection surveys and treatments. We reviewed and synthesized the host range and host selection behavior of light brown apple moth by using information from Australia and invaded countries. The host range of light brown apple moth is determined by the behavior of both adult females and larvae. Females use visual, chemical and physical cues to choose host plants. Larvae are capable of limited active dispersal by walking and longer range dispersal by ballooning on silken strands; therefore, larvae also may need to select host plants. We review larval performance indicators across a range of plants. Based on our review, there are at least 545 plant species in 363 genera from 121 families that have been reported as hosts of light brown apple moth. Some plants were reported only once and need verification. Nevertheless, many host plant species and their wide phylogenetic range (from ferns to higher dicotyledons) indicates that light brown apple moth is one of the most polyphagous insects known. This information and our categorization of frequency of host use are valuable for incursion response and pest management activities.
Nanocatalysts for the water–gas shift reaction
Authors: Liang Shuang , Veser Götz
Published: October 2011

The increasing degree of control over the nanostructure of materials through novel and refined synthesis pathways is enabling the development of catalysts with improved performance and, at the same time, allows new insights into the catalytic chemistry on a molecular level, thus paving the way to rational catalyst design strategies. This review focuses on recent developments in nanocatalysts for water–gas shift (WGS), a key reaction in current and emerging fuel-processing technologies. We review recent insights into catalytic reaction mechanisms and the development of nanostructured catalytic materials and highlight current gaps and challenges in the state-of-the-art of WGS nanocatalysts.
Practices and Experiences of Seven-Year Polymer Flooding History Matching in China Offshore Oil Field: A Case Study
Authors: Luo Xianbo , Zhao Chunming
Published: October 2011

Pilot test of hydrophobic associating polymer flooding has been applied in SZ36-1oil field for seven years, which has shown a quite good trend of water reducing and oil increasing. Understanding of polymer injection reservoir as well as the optimization of polymer injection program needs the help of history matching of numerical simulation, the key point is the selection of the values of polymer physicochemical parameters, which dues to the difference between laboratory experiment conditions and underground reservoir flow conditions, the values of polymer physicochemical parameters obtained from laboratory experiments are ideal. Therefore, this paper carries out a brand-new history matching method for polymer flooding, that is, a water flooding model, which reflects really to the actual underground reservoir, is obtained by history matching, which bases on the understanding of 17 years water flooding and combination of static and dynamic data, and then according to dynamic reflection of polymer flooding which lasts seven years, modifying the values of polymer physicochemical parameters and static model, so a polymer flooding model and a set of reservoir-scale physical and chemical parameters(viscosity-concentration relationship, residual resistance factor, adsorption curve, inaccessible pore volume) can be obtained. Based on the production performance of this pilot test area, the polymer flooding tracking simulation is made for the purpose of timely adjustment of the physical and chemical parameters of the polymer, allowing them to approach the real situation and obtain the optimum effect of polymer flooding.
Simulation Modeling of ICDs and MLTBS in a Green Field Offshore Abu Dhabi
Authors: Marir Boualem , Allouti Abdelkader , Cobb David O.
Published: October 2011

ADMA-OPCO is currently in progress of optimizing the development plans for several offshore undeveloped Abu Dhabi oil fields. A common basis in these developments is the incorporation of Intelligent Oil Field Concepts to improve recovery, safety and operating costs. This requires the application of several new technologies amongst which Smart Completions is seen as a challenging opportunity. These completions incorporate a combination of Permanent Downhole Gauges (PDHG), Inflow Control Devices (ICDs) and Multi Lateral Tie Back Systems (MLTBS) in various completion configurations.

One of these reservoirs addressed in this paper is targeted to be developed via a 5-Spot water injection pattern. Due to the high heterogeneity of carbonate reservoirs, premature water breakthrough is a major concern. The planned well configuration will add significantly to the development Drilling CAPEX, hence understanding and quantifying the benefits of utilizing ICDs and MLTBS technology is required.

Throughout this paper, the work flow used to assess the added values of ICDs and MLTBS has been presented based on sector models carefully extracted from the full field static model. These sector models target the key areas of the field where these smart wells are planned to be drilled. A history match process has been performed for model validation and to preserve the fine scale heterogeneity across the reservoirs. Approaches used for modeling these completion components using simulation software are discussed in this paper.

The results obtained from this study have shown a positive impact of MLTBS whereas the ICDs implementation has shown no significant improvement in the ultimate recovery compared to the conventional open hole completion except the establishment of uniform flow distribution form heel to toe. Additionally, several different realizations have been undertaken to investigate the key uncertainties associated with such results and these realizations were compared to results obtained from a similar study performed on an adjacent field being developed by ADMA-OPCO. Lessons learnt were captured and summarized.
Monte Carlo Molecular Simulation of Phase-coexistence for Oil Production and Processing
Authors: Li Jun , Sun Shuyu , Calo Victor M.
Published: October 2011

The Gibbs-NVT ensemble Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the liquid-vapor coexistence diagram and the simulation results of methane agree well with the experimental data in a wide range of temperatures. For systems with two components, the Gibbs-NPT ensemble Monte Carlo method is employed in the simulation while the mole fraction of each component in each phase is modeled as a Leonard-Jones fluid. As the results of Monte Carlo simulations usually contain huge statistical error, the blocking method is used to estimate the variance of the simulation results. Additionally, in order to improve the simulation efficiency, the step sizes of different trial moves is adjusted automatically so that their acceptance probabilities can approach to the preset values.
Development and Correlates of Alcohol Use from Ages 13–20
Authors: Duncan Susan C. , Gau Jeff M. , Duncan Terry E. , Strycker Lisa A.
Published: October 2011

This study examined alcohol use development from ages 13–20 years. The sample comprised 256 youth (50.4% female; 51.2% White, 48.8% African American) assessed annually for 6 years. A cohort-sequential latent growth model was used to model categorical alcohol use (non-use vs. use). Covariates included gender, race, income, parent marital status, risk taking, spiritual beliefs, parent alcohol use, family alcohol problems, family cohesion, friends' alcohol use, and normative peer use. The alcohol use trajectory increased steadily with age. Risk taking, friends' alcohol use, and normative peer use were positively associated with higher initial rates of alcohol use. Initial parent alcohol use and positive change in parents' and friends' alcohol use over time were related to an increase in alcohol use from ages 13–20 years.
Are Substance Use Prevention Programs More Effective in Schools Making Adequate Yearly Progress? A Study of Project Alert
Authors: Clark Heddy Kovach , Ringwalt Chris L. , Shamblen Stephen R. , Hanley Sean M. , Flewelling Robert L.
Published: October 2011

This exploratory study sought to determine if a popular school-based drug prevention program might be effective in schools that are making adequate yearly progress (AYP). Thirty-four schools with grades 6 through 8 in 11 states were randomly assigned either to receive Project ALERT ( n = 17) or to a control group ( n = 17); of these, 10 intervention and nine control schools failed to make AYP. Students completed three self-report surveys. For lifetime cigarette use and 30-day alcohol use, Project ALERT was more effective in schools that made AYP. However, in these schools, Project ALERT negatively affected students' lifetime marijuana use. This study provided some preliminary evidence that prevention programming may not work as well in poorer performing schools; however, further exploration is needed.
Ethnic Considerations in Risk Exposure and Cigarette Use Vulnerability among Eighth Grade Students in Virginia
Authors: Nasim Aashir , Berry Brittany M. , Belgrave Faye Z. , Corona Rosalie , Turf Elizabeth
Published: October 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine risk exposure and cigarette use vulnerability among 4,559 8th grade students enrolled in Virginia public schools. The study used 2005 statewide data from the Community Youth Survey (CYS) which assessed risks and protective factors for substance use. The findings indicated that Asian youth reported the lowest exposure to community, family, school, and peer/individual risks, but were most vulnerable in terms of past 30-day cigarette use. African-American youth reported significantly greater risk exposure than did their counterparts on more than half of the risks examined; however, they were substantially less vulnerable to the effects of these risks in comparison to their White, Latino, and Asian peers. The findings are discussed with regard to prevention interventions for adolescents from different ethnic groups.
Modeling and Optimization of Polyphenol Extraction for Tannin-Formaldehyde Resin Synthesis
Authors: Derkyi Nana S. A. , Sekyere Daniel , Darkwa Nicholas A. , Boakye Nana B.
Published: October 2011

The properties of plywood depend on many factors, including the quality of resin applied, and the curing or pressing conditions. The bark extracts of various commercially important trees containing polyphenolics in the form of tannins can be condensed with formaldehyde to produce wood resins. In the present work, aqueous ethanol was used as solvent to extract formaldehyde-condensable polyphenolics from Pinus caribaea Morelet bark. The contents of the co-extracted tannin and sugars were determined as well as the Stiasny number. Applying response surface methodology, a four factor, five level central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was employed to examine the optimum conditions of extraction variables for the pine bark polyphenolics. To study the effect of extraction optimization conditions on the resin quality, resins were processed from tannins extracted at the following response parameters; i) only tannin content was optimized, ii) only sugar content was optimized, iii) only Stiasny number was optimized and iv) tannin content, sugar content and Stiasny number were optimized simultaneously. The resins were characterized by viscosity, pot life and plywood bond strength. Each experiment was done in triplicate. Industrial grade phenol-formaldehyde adhesive was used as the control. The optimization models developed were found to adequately represent the extraction of polyphenolic compounds from P. caribaea bark. The quality of resin prepared from the extracted polyphenolics was found to be dependent on the extraction process parameters employed. The extraction process that gave a high tannin yield (18.85%) with a corresponding good quality resin (shear strength = 2.26 MPa, 11.4% delamination) similar to that of the control (industrial phenol-formaldehyde resin) was found for the optimization model when the objective function was to maximize both the tannin yield and Stiasny number and minimize the sugar content simultaneously. This corresponded to optimum extraction conditions of 52.2°C extraction temperature, 150 min extraction time, 43.6% solvent concentration and 10:1 liquid-solid ratio.
The influence of different matrices on the nature and content of haloacetic acids precursors in ozonized water
Authors: Molnar Jelena , Agbaba Jasmina , Dalmacija Bozo , Klasnja Mile , Watson Malcolm , Kragulj Marijana
Published: October 2011

This paper investigates the influence of different matrices (groundwater a
realistic natural matrix and commercial humic acid solution a synthetic
matrix) on the nature and content of haloacetic acid (HAA) precursors in
ozonized water (0.4 to 3.0 mg O3/mg DOC; pH 6). Natural organic matter (NOM)
characterization of the natural matrix showed it was largely of hydrophobic
character (65% fulvic and 14% humic acids), with the hydrophilic fractions
HPIA and HPI-NA at 12% and 9%, respectively. At approximately the same
dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content of the investigated matrices (~10 mg
/L), a greater degree of hydrophobicity was seen in the humic acid solution
than in the natural matrix, resulting in a higher content of HAA precursors
(559 ? 21 ?g/L in the synthetic matrix compared to 309 ? 15 ?g/L in the
natural matrix). By applying different ozone doses (0.4 to 3.0 mg O3/mg DOC),
the DOC content of the studied matrices was reduced by 6-22%, with a maximum
process efficacy being achieved with 3.0 mg O3/mg DOC. Ozonation also lead to
changes in the NOM structure, i.e. complete oxidation of the humic acid
fractions in both investigated matrices. After oxidation, hydrophilic
structures dominate the natural water matrix (65%), whereas the synthetic
matrix has an equal distribution of hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions
(~50%). Changes in the content and structure of NOM during ozonation resulted
in the reduction of the total HAA precursors content (63-85%, using 3.0 mg
O3/mg DOC). Detailed analysis of the reactivity of the residual HAA precursor
materials shows that ozonation using 3.0 mg O3/mg DOC reduced the reactivity
of the NOM fractions in comparison to the raw water. By contrast, HAA
precursor material present in the commercial HA solution was transformed
after ozonation into other reactive compounds, i.e. precursors which
originated from the fulvic acid and hydrophilic fractions. The results of the
laboratory testing indicate that the application of ozonation can reduce the
content of haloacetic acid precursors to some degree. However, in real
applications of oxidative treatment in the preparation of drinking water, as
well as the efficacy in reducing the total organic matter content, the nature
of the residual NOM must also be taken into account, as it can include toxic
reactive precursors to disinfection byproducts.
Possible Role of WT1 in a Human Fetus with Evolving Bronchial Atresia, Pulmonary Malformation and Renal Agenesis
Authors: Loo Christine K.C. , Algar Elizabeth M. , Payton Diane J. , Perry-Keene Joanna , Pereira Tamara N. , Ramm Grant A.
Published: October 2011

The association of peripheral bronchial atresia and congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) has recently been recognised, but the pathology of the lesions evolving together has not been described. We present autopsy findings in a 20 week fetus showing areas of peripheral bronchial destruction and airway malformation consistent with developing CPAM in the right lung supporting a causal relationship between these lesions. This fetus also had congenital heart defect, bilateral renal agenesis and syndactyly. We identified another fetus from our autopsy files, with bilateral renal agenesis, similar right sided pulmonary malformation and cardiac defects. Similar bilateral renal agenesis and defects of the heart and lungs are found in wt1−-/– mice and we have investigated the expression of WT1 in these fetuses. We hypothesise that the cardiac, liver, renal and possibly lung lesions in these two cases may arise due to mesenchymal defects consequent to WT1 misexpression and discuss evidence for this from the scientific literature. We used immunoperoxidase stains to analyse WT1 expression in autopsy hepatic tissue in both fetuses. We also investigated the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a marker of activated hepatic stellate cells/myofibroblasts, and desmin in hepatic mesenchyme and compare these findings with control fetuses, without congenital malformations. We found reduced WT1 expression in hepatic mesothelium in both fetuses with malformations. There was also increased expression of α-SMA in liver perisinusoidal cells, as seen in the wt1−-/– mouse model. We therefore propose that abnormality of WT1 signalling may be an underlying factor, as WT1 is expressed in coelomic lining cells from which mesenchyme is derived in many organs.
Clinical implications of measurement of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration in dogs with spontaneous heart disease
Authors: Hori Yasutomo , Yamano Shigeki , Kanai Kazutaka , Hoshi Fumio , Itoh Naoyuki , Higuchi Sei-ichi
Published: October 2011

Objective—To determine whether measurement of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentration could be used to identify heart disease in dogs and to assess disease severity in affected dogs.

Design—Cross-sectional study.

Animals—37 healthy dogs and 78 dogs with heart disease.

Procedures—Dogs were divided into 5 groups on the basis of plasma ANP concentration: healthy, ANP-1 (< 50 pg/mL; n = 19), ANP-2 (50 to 100 pg/mL; 24), ANP-3 (101 to 200 pg/mL; 20), and ANP-4 (> 200 pg/mL; 15). All dogs underwent physical examination, echocardiography, thoracic radiography, and blood sampling before treatment.

Results—Compared with healthy dogs, dogs with increased plasma ANP concentration had significant concomitant increases in heart rate, cardiothoracic ratio, vertebral heart score, fractional shortening, ratio of left atrial-to-aortic root diameter, and mitral early diastolic flow (E wave) velocity and a significant decrease in relative wall thickness. Use of plasma ANP concentration > 25 pg/mL to identify dogs with heart disease (International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council class > I) had a sensitivity of 91.0% and specificity of 94.7%. Use of plasma ANP concentration > 100 pg/mL to identify dogs with International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council class IIIb heart disease had a sensitivity of 81.0% and specificity of 81.1 %.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results may provide reference values for plasma ANP concentration in dogs and suggest that plasma ANP concentration may help to distinguish dogs with cardiac disease from clinically normal dogs. Measurement of plasma ANP concentration may be a useful marker for predicting the severity of heart disease in dogs.
Use of an inguinal approach adapted from equine surgery for cryptorchidectomy in dogs and cats: 26 cases (1999–2010)
Authors: Steckel Robert R.
Published: October 2011

Objective—To determine whether a surgical technique used in cryptorchid horses can be used successfully to remove testicles retained in the inguinal region or abdominal cavity in dogs and cats.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—22 dogs and 4 cats with cryptorchidism.

Procedures—In 1999 through 2010, 26 cryptorchid patients underwent surgery during which an incision was made over the inguinal ring and the undescended testicle was located for removal via identification of the vaginal process and the embryonic gubernaculum. Castration was performed once a testicle was located in the inguinal region or via removal of an intra-abdominally located testicle through the inguinal canal.

Results—4 dogs and 1 cat were bilaterally cryptorchid. Testicles were retained in the abdominal cavity in 18 dogs and in the inguinal region in 4 dogs; in all 4 cats, undescended testicles were located in the inguinal region. Twenty-one dogs and 4 cats were castrated without breaching the abdominal cavity; in one of those dogs, the inguinal ring was enlarged to permit extraction of a tumorous testicle. In 1 dog, the inguinal ring was enlarged into a paramedian laparotomy and viscera were manipulated to exteriorize an intra-abdominally located testicle because the gubernaculum had ruptured. Major intraoperative or long-term complications did not occur.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that as in horses, the surgical approach over the inguinal ring, wherein the vaginal process and the remnant of the gubernaculum are identified and used to locate an undescended testicle for removal, can be used successfully in dogs and cats.
Heterobilharzia americana infection as a cause of hepatic parasitic granulomas in a horse
Authors: Corapi Wayne V. , Birch Sharla M. , Carlson Kelly L. , Chaffin M. Keith , Snowden Karen F.
Published: October 2011

Case Description—A 22-year-old American Paint Horse gelding from the Gulf Coast region of Texas was evaluated for regrowth of a perirectal squamous cell carcinoma that had been surgically removed 11 months previously.

Clinical Findings—A necrotic and ulcerated mass was present below the anus. The horse had paraphimosis and was having difficulty with urination. Histologic examination of the mass revealed that it was squamous cell carcinoma, and the horse was euthanized because of the unlikelihood that the mass could be adequately resected and its close proximity to the urethra.

Outcome—At necropsy, in addition to the squamous cell carcinoma, hundreds of round, white to pale yellow nodules were disseminated throughout the liver, resulting in a so-called starry-sky appearance. Similar granulomas were seen in the right caudal lung lobe and small intestinal serosa. A single granuloma in the liver, which differed from the others by its larger size, contained a pair of adult schistosomes. Several hepatic granuloma specimens were used for PCR amplification and sequencing. Use of primers specific for a portion of the Heterobilharzia americana small subunit rRNA gene resulted in amplification of a 487-base pair product that had 100% sequence identity with H americana.

Clinical Relevance—Severe cases of disseminated granulomas in the liver of horses may result in a liver with a grossly abnormal starry-sky pattern. To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the association of granulomas with H americana infection along with adult schistosomes in the liver of a horse.
A Divided City in a Common Market
Authors: Asher Andrew D.
Published: October 2011

Based on an ethnographic case study in the border cities of Frankfurt (Oder), Germany and Słubice, Poland, this article explores the construction and maintenance of ethnic difference within the transnational economic and social spaces created by the European Union's common market. Through an examination of three domains of cross-border citizenship practice - shopping and consumption, housing and work - this article argues that even as the European Union deploys policies aimed at creating de-territorialised and supranational forms of identity and citizenship, economic asymmetries and hierarchies of value embedded within these policies grant rights differentially in ways that continue to be linked to ethnicity and nationality.
Neues Wald-Zentrum in Münster: Historischer Wandel der Waldnutzung im Ruhrgebiet | New Centre for Forest Ecosystems in Münster – Historical changes in the use of forest in the Ruhr district
Authors: Selter Bernward , Tesch Dorothe
Published: October 2011

Because the forest in North Rhine-Westphalia has such enormous ecological, economic and socio-cultural significance for this densely populated, most western German state, in October 2003 the state government and the University of Münster established the Centre for Forest Ecosystems. The forest centre houses two institutions: The Research Group for Forest Ecology,Forestry and Timber Utilization at the Institute for Landscape Ecology at the University of Münster and the International Institute for Forest Ecosystem Management and Timber Utilization North Rhine-Westphalia. Inquiries into the sustainable use of limited natural resources also require the analysis of historical developments. Studies in forest and woodland history are therefore an integral part of some projects carried out at the centre. The following describes some typical aspects of forest history, especially of the Ruhr district. These are facets of the history of urban forestry, the exploration of which is part of the recently launched project «Woodlands and society in the Ruhr district».
Zeitliche Einordnung der G-Schicht-Auflagerung in den Prozess der Zellwandbildung bei Zugholzfasern in Zitterpappeln | On the chronology of g-layer formation during cell wall differentiation in tension wood fibres of poplars
Authors: Keunecke Daniel , Baum Sebastian
Published: October 2011

The tension wood of some deciduous trees is characterised by fibres that form an additional cell wall layer, the so-called «gelatinous layer» (g-layer). The chronology of g-layer formation in the process of cell wall differentiation and lignification was investigated using two-year old poplars (Populus tremula L.). For this purpose the pinning-method was applied. The results show that the g-layer formation probably takes place at an early stage of secondary wall formation.
Nachhaltiges Holzproduktionspotenzial im Schweizer Wald
Authors: Kaufmann Edgar
Published: October 2011

Potential of sustainable wood production in Swiss forests

In the Swiss National Forest Inventory (NFI), the data collected in the three inventories (NFI1 1983–1985, NFI2 1993–1995, NFI3 2004–2006) provide the basis not only for analysing the present state of the forest and how it has developed up to now, but also for assessing, with the help of models, how it might develop in future. The scenario model «Massimo 3», developed at the Swiss Federal Institut for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, is an empirical and stochastic simulation model. It relies on data from the NFI and forecasts the development of the forest according to how it is managed. Six scenarios with different management regimes were defined according to the economic, silvicultural and ecological aspects considered. In three scenarios the growing stock is kept constant at the level of NFI3, but different management strategies are used (Scenario A: basis [business as usual], Scenario E: even-aged forests are transformed into uneven-aged forests, and Scenario F: near-natural percentages of conifers are promoted). In two scenarios forest management is partially abandoned for either ecological reasons (Scenario B: reservations, 10% of the forest area is left unmanaged) or for economic reasons (Scenario C: harvesting costs, 40% of the forest area is left unmanaged). Scenario D (rotation periods are shortened) was used to study the effects of augmenting the annual harvesting amount. A forecasting time period of 100 years was selected to assess the long-term effects of the scenarios. Scenarios A, D, and E show that the sustainable harvesting potential of merchantable wood lies in a relatively narrow range of 7.1 to 7.3 million m3/year, even though in Scenario D the growing stock is reduced from 360 m3/ha to 305 m3/ha. In Scenario F regeneration is systematically established with near-natural percentages of conifers, the long-term harvesting potential is slightly less: about 6.5 million m3/year of merchantable wood. If forest management is abandoned for economic reasons on as much as 40% of the forest area (Scenario C, harvesting costs), the impact on the wood reserves is very negative.
The Peroxidase/H2O2 System as a Free Radical-Generating Agent for Gelling Maize Bran Arabinoxylans: Rheological and Structural Properties
Authors: Martínez-López Ana L. , Carvajal-Millan Elizabeth , Lizardi-Mendoza Jaime , López-Franco Yolanda L. , Rascón-Chu Agustín , Salas-Muñoz Erika , Barron Cécile , Micard Valérie
Published: October 2011

The oxidative gelation of maize bran arabinoxylans (MBAX) using a peroxidase/H2O2 system as a free radical-generating agent was investigated. The peroxidase/H2O2 system led to the formation of dimers and trimer of ferulic acid as covalent cross-link structures in the MBAX network. MBAX gels at 4% (w/v) presented a storage modulus of 180 Pa. The structural parameters of MBAX gels were calculated from swelling experiments. MBAX gels presented a molecular weight between two cross-links (Mc), a cross-linking density (ρc) and a mesh size (x) of 49 × 103 g/mol, 30 × 10−6 mol/cm3 and 193 nm, respectively.
Beneficial Effects of THSG on Acetic Acid-Induced Experimental Colitis: Involvement of Upregulation of PPAR-γ and Inhibition of the Nf-Κb Inflammatory Pathway
Authors: Zeng Cheng , Xiao Jun-Hua , Chang Mu-Jun , Wang Jia-Ling
Published: October 2011

The polyphenolic compound 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside (THSG) has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we examined the effects of THSG on experimental mice with colitis induced by acetic acid and whether the underlying mechanisms were associated with the PPAR-γ and NF-κB pathways. Mice were randomized into six equal groups: normal, colitis model, THSG (10, 30, 60 mg·kg−1) and mesalazine. The mice were administered 10, 30, 60 mg·kg−1 THSG or 100 mg·kg−1 mesalazine or saline once daily by intragastric administration for 7 days after induction of colitis by acetic acid irrigation. THSG dramatically attenuated acetic acid-induced colon lesions, including reversing the body weight loss and improving histopathological changes. THSG apparently decreased the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) which is a marker of lipid peroxidation. THSG appears to exert its beneficial effects on acetic acid-induced experimental colitis through upregulation of PPAR-γ mRNA and protein levels and inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, which in turn decreases the protein overexpression of the downstream inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-6 and COX-2. The effect of THSG 60 mg·kg−1 on PPAR-γ mRNA expression was higher than that of mesalazine. THSG may thus be a promising new candidate or lead compound for the treatment of IBD.
Transporter-Mediated Drug–Drug Interactions with Oral Antidiabetic Drugs
Authors: Klatt Sabine , Fromm Martin F. , König Jörg
Published: October 2011

Uptake transporters (e.g., members of the SLC superfamily of solute carriers) and export proteins (e.g., members of the ABC transporter superfamily) are important determinants for the pharmacokinetics of drugs. Alterations of drug transport due to concomitantly administered drugs that interfere with drug transport may alter the kinetics of drug substrates. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that many drugs used for the treatment of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases (e.g., oral antidiabetic drugs, statins) are substrates for uptake transporters and export proteins expressed in the intestine, the liver and the kidney. Since most patients with type 2 diabetes receive more than one drug, transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions are important molecular mechanisms leading to alterations in oral antidiabetic drug pharmacokinetics with the risk of adverse drug reactions. This review focuses on uptake transporters of the SLCO/SLC21 (OATP) and SLC22 (OCT/OAT) family of solute carriers and export pumps of the ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter superfamily (especially P-glycoprotein) as well as the export proteins of the SLC47 (MATE) family and their role for transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions with oral antidiabetic drugs.
Simultaneous Application of Fibrous Piezoresistive Sensors for Compression and Traction Detection in Glass Laminate Composites
Authors: Nauman Saad , Cristian Irina , Koncar Vladan
Published: October 2011

This article describes further development of a novel Non Destructive Evaluation (NDE) approach described in one of our previous papers. Here these sensors have been used for the first time as a Piecewise Continuous System (PCS), which means that they are not only capable of following the deformation pattern but can also detect distinctive fracture events. In order to characterize the simultaneous compression and traction response of these sensors, multilayer glass laminate composite samples were prepared for 3-point bending tests. The laminate sample consisted of five layers of plain woven glass fabrics placed one over another. The sensors were placed at two strategic locations during the lay-up process so as to follow traction and compression separately. The reinforcements were then impregnated in epoxy resin and later subjected to 3-point bending tests. An appropriate data treatment and recording device has also been developed and used for simultaneous data acquisition from the two sensors. The results obtained, under standard testing conditions have shown that our textile fibrous sensors can not only be used for simultaneous detection of compression and traction in composite parts for on-line structural health monitoring but their sensitivity and carefully chosen location inside the composite ensures that each fracture event is indicated in real time by the output signal of the sensor.
Cell Docking, Movement and Cell-Cell Interactions of Heterogeneous Cell Suspensions in a Cell Manipulation Microdevice
Authors: Lai Fei-Lung , Wang Yu-Hung , Chung Yu-Wei , Hwang Shiaw-Min , Huang Long-Sun
Published: October 2011

This study demonstrates a novel cell manipulation microdevice for cell docking, culturing, cell-cell contact and interaction by microfluidic manipulation of heterogeneous cell suspensions. Heterogeneous cell suspensions include disparate blood cells of natural killer cells and leukemia cancer cells for immune cell transplantation therapy. However, NK cell alloreactivity from different healthy donors present various recovery response levels. Little is still known about the interactions and cytotoxicity effects between donor NK cells and recipient cancer cells. The cell-based micro device first showed the capability of cell docking, movement, contact and cell-cell interaction with respect to cell cytotoxicity of NK cells against cancer cells. With various flow tests for live cell loading, flow rates of 10 μL/h were chosen for injection in the central and side flows such that both types of suspension cells could be gently docked at the gap structure in a reaction zone. The trapping number of particles and cells was linearly proportional to the gap length. Finally, the cytotoxicity of around 40% was found to be similar in the case of dilute cells and a large cell population. As a result, the cell manipulation microdevice has been validated for live suspensions of natural killer and cancer cells, and exhibited the capability to measure the cytotoxicity of dilute cell suspensions.
Numerical Optimization of a Microfluidic Assisted Microarray for the Detection of Biochemical Interactions
Authors: Orabona Emanuele , Rea Ilaria , Rendina Ivo , Stefano Luca De
Published: October 2011

Finite element method analysis was applied to the characterization of the biomolecular interactions taking place in a microfluidic assisted microarray. Numerical simulations have been used for the optimization of geometrical and physical parameters of the sensing device. Different configurations have been analyzed and general considerations have been derived. We have shown that a parallel disposition of the sensing area allows the homogeneous formation of the target molecular complex in all the active zones of the microarray. Stationary and time dependent results have also been obtained.
A Review of the Past and Current State of EROI Data
Authors: Gupta Ajay K. , Hall Charles A.S.
Published: October 2011

This is a review of the literature available on data for the EROI (prior to this special issue) of the following 12 sources of fuel/energy: oil and natural gas, coal, tar sands, shale oil, nuclear, wind, solar, hydropower, geothermal, wave/tidal and corn ethanol. Unfortunately, we found that few studies have been undertaken since the 1980s, and such as have been done are often marked more by advocacy than objectivity. The most recent summary of work and data on the EROI of fuels was conducted in the summer of 2007 at SUNY ESF and appeared on The Oil Drum website and in a readable summary by Richard Heinberg. This paper summarizes the findings of that study, and also those preceding and subsequent to it where available. It also summarizes issues raised by some concerning the findings of these studies and with the calculations within. While there are many who believe that such EROI studies are critical to understanding our financial and social future there seems to be very little interest by governments and industries in supporting this research or in using or promulgating such research as has been done. We view this as critical as our main fuels are progressively depleted and as we are faced with making extremely important decisions on a very meager analytical and data base, and with few scientists trained to cut through the reams of insufficiently analyzed energy advocacy saturating our media and the blogosphere.
Non-Retroviral Fossils in Vertebrate Genomes
Authors: Horie Masayuki , Tomonaga Keizo
Published: October 2011

Although no physical fossils of viruses have been found, retroviruses are known to leave their molecular fossils in the genomes of their hosts, the so-called endogenous retroviral elements. These have provided us with important information about retroviruses in the past and their co-evolution with their hosts. On the other hand, because non‑retroviral viruses were considered not to leave such fossils, even the existence of prehistoric non-retroviral viruses has been enigmatic. Recently, we discovered that elements derived from ancient bornaviruses, non-segmented, negative strand RNA viruses, are found in the genomes of several mammalian species, including humans. In addition, at approximately the same time, several endogenous elements of RNA viruses, DNA viruses and reverse-transcribing DNA viruses have been independently reported, which revealed that non-retroviral viruses have played significant roles in the evolution of their hosts and provided novel insights into virology and cell biology. Here we review non-retroviral virus-like elements in vertebrate genomes, non-retroviral integration and the knowledge obtained from these endogenous non-retroviral virus-like elements.
Manganese dioxide mediated one-pot synthesis of methyl 9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-1-carboxylate: Concise synthesis of alangiobussinine
Authors: Baiget Jessica , Llona-Minguez Sabin , Lang Stuart , MacKay Simon P , Suckling Colin J , Sutcliffe Oliver B
Published: October 2011

The carboline ring system is an important pharmacophore found in a number of biologically important targets. Development of synthetic routes for the preparation of these compounds is important in order to prepare a range of analogues containing the carboline heterocyclic moiety. A manganese dioxide mediated one-pot method starting with an activated alcohol and consisting of alcohol oxidation, Pictet–Spengler cyclisation, and oxidative aromatisation, offers a convenient process that allows access to β-carbolines. This one-pot process for the preparation of methyl 9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-1-carboxylate has subsequently been used as the key step in the synthesis of alangiobussinine and a closely related analogue.
La folie à Hollywood : Mankiewicz, Forman, Scorsese
Authors: Le Toullec Éric
Published: October 2011

Résumé Les films hollywoodiens sur la folie portent souvent à l’écran le conflit entre deux types d’approche thérapeutique, d’une part celle qui privilégie la parole libératrice sur le modèle souvent caricaturé de la talking cure psychanalytique et, d’autre part, une approche organique neurochirurgicale sur fond d’enfermement asilaire et de furor sanandi . Le dernier film de Martin Scorsese, Shutter Island (2010), reprend cette opposition sous une forme aussi inédite qu’ambiguë. En confrontant ce film avec des films plus anciens sur la folie comme Soudain l’été dernier de Joseph Mankiewicz (1959) et Vol au-dessus d’un nid de coucou de Milos Forman (1975), nous interrogeons l’évolution de la représentation de la folie au cinéma et son insertion dans les discours contemporains. En nous référant à l’enseignement de Lacan sur la lettre dans son rapport à la jouissance, nous mettons en évidence la forme structurelle qui nous permet de penser l’objet de cette répétition au cinéma.
L'évaluation en psychiatrie
Authors: Dalmas Chantal
Published: October 2011

Résumé La société actuelle se caractérise par un désir d’objectiver et de quantifier. Toute tentative de quantification des symptômes en psychiatrie pour en faire des entités comptables entraîne un déni de la spécificité individuelle du psychisme.
Nurses’ Orientation Toward Lifelong Learning: A Case Study of Uganda’s National Hospital
Authors: Muliira Joshua Kanaabi , Etyang Charles , Muliira Rhoda Suubi , Kizza Irene Betty
Published: October 2011

Background:

The quality of nursing care in developing countries is poor, and attempts to improve it through continuing education programs are under way. Nurses’ orientation toward lifelong learning has not been explored, despite its potential effect on the success of such programs.

Methods:

The Jefferson Scale of Physician Lifelong Learning (JSPLL) was used to measure orientation toward lifelong learning among 200 nurses at Uganda’s national hospital.

Results:

Most participants had fair orientation (52%) toward lifelong learning (JSPLL mean score = 36.8 [
SD
= 7.2]) and rated their skills in self-directed learning as good or excellent (44%). Reported barriers to lifelong learning included patient workload, lack of mentors, lack of library resources, and lack of computer skills. Nurses’ orientation toward lifelong learning was significantly associated with professional experience (
p
⩽ .05), age (
p
⩽ .05), and education level (
p
⩽ .01).

Conclusion:

In Uganda, nurses’ orientation toward lifelong learning remains low, and this has implications for successful implementation of continuing education programs for nurses.
Charge Nurses as Front-Line Leaders: Development Through Transformative Learning
Authors: Thomas Patricia L.
Published: October 2011

Based on the results of a staff satisfaction survey, nurse leaders recognized that the role of charge nurse was a significant source of dissatisfaction. Little attention had been paid to how the charge nurse role was learned, and no organizational support was offered to develop nurses for this role. Collaborating with a nurse educator consultant, nurse managers developed and implemented a three-part educational program to reframe staff perceptions of the charge nurse role. Centered on principles of transformational learning, the program evaluation demonstrated that concerted efforts to improve staff satisfaction and effectiveness could be accomplished if staff were given new information and guided through focused discussion and reflection. Eighty-two percent of the attendees noted that they appreciated the time allocated for the sessions and acknowledged that this gave them an opportunity to examine their thoughts and feelings. Seventy-five percent said that they learned new words to describe and explain their experiences. After the sessions, staff described a new sense of professional pride and nurse managers observed greater confidence in nurses’ decision making and assertive communication.
Photodynamic Therapy for Best Disease Complicated by Choroidal Neovascularization in Children
Authors: Ozdek Sengul , Ozmen Mehmet Cuneyt , Tufan Hasan Ali , Gurelik Gokhan , Hasanreisoglu Berati
Published: October 2011

Purpose:

To describe the results of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with Best vitelliform macular dystrophy (BVMD) in children.

Methods:

Five eyes of four children diagnosed as having BVMD complicated by CNV received a single session of PDT. Response to treatment was monitored with fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography.

Results:

All eyes responded well to one session of PDT with significant increases in visual acuity in four of the five eyes. Increase or stabilization of visual acuity was preserved during a mean follow-up period of 25 months.

Conclusion:

PDT may be an effective treatment for CNV associated with BVMD in children.
Playground Behaviors of Children with and without Sensory Processing Disorders
Authors: Cosbey Joanna , Johnston Susan S. , Dunn M. Louise , Bauman Mari
Published: October 2011

It has been well established that participation in social activities is essential to children's development and that disability status can affect a child's participation in everyday activities. However, little research has been done on the impact of sensory processing disorders (SPDs) on social participation and play behaviors. This study is part of a larger study examining the social participation of children with SPD and specifically compares the playground play behaviors of children with SPD and those of their typically developing peers. Both groups of children were observed over multiple sessions during unstructured recess activity and their behaviors were coded and analyzed. Statistically, results show that the play patterns of the two groups were generally similar. However, there were qualitative differences in the play behaviors of the two groups, including conflict, social play, access to play opportunities, and awareness of social cues. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.