bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exposure to secondhand smoke is associated with poor sleep quality among non-smoking university students in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Banna Md. Hasan Al , Brazendale Keith , Hamiduzzaman Mohammad , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Abid Mohammad Tazrian , Rifat M. A. , Sultana Mst. Sadia , Tetteh Justice Kanor , Kundu Satyajit , Shekhar Md Shaheenur Rahman , Khaleduzzaman Md , Hassan Md. Nazmul
Published: October 2023

Although secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is predominant in Bangladesh, the adverse effect of SHS exposure on health-related behaviors, such as sleep quality, have remained an under-investigated area of the country’s public health landscape. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between SHS exposure and poor sleep quality among non-smoking university students in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional survey was carried out between May and September 2022. SHS exposure (main predictor variable) and other covariates (e.g., age, sex, etc.) were measured using a self-reported questionnaire and sleep quality (outcome variable) was measured via the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Multiple logistic regression models investigated the association between SHS exposure and poor sleep quality. The study included 390 students (mean age: 22 years, 53.8% male). Approximately 41.8% of the participants reported SHS exposure, and 50.5% had poor sleep quality. Students exposed to SHS were more likely to have poor sleep quality compared to their counterparts (AOR = 1.61; 95% CI 1.01, 2.58). Subgroup analysis revealed poor sleep quality was 2-times higher among male students exposed to SHS than those male students without SHS exposure (AOR = 2.03; 95% CI 1.05, 3.93). No association was found in female students. Findings from this study warrant increased awareness and public health initiatives on the implications of SHS on health behaviors, such as sleep quality, in non-smoking Bangladeshi university students.
Healthy lifestyle linked to innate immunity and lipoprotein metabolism: a cross-sectional comparison using untargeted proteomics
Authors: Nieman David C. , Sakaguchi Camila A. , Pelleigrini Matteo , Thompson Michael J. , Sumner Susan , Zhang Qibin
Published: October 2023

This study used untargeted proteomics to compare blood proteomic profiles in two groups of adults that differed widely in lifestyle habits. A total of 52 subjects in the lifestyle group (LIFE) (28 males, 24 females) and 52 in the control group (CON) (27 males, 25 females) participated in this cross-sectional study. Age, education level, marital status, and height did not differ significantly between LIFE and CON groups. The LIFE and CON groups differed markedly in body composition, physical activity patterns, dietary intake patterns, disease risk factor prevalence, blood measures of inflammation, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, glucose, and insulin, weight-adjusted leg/back and handgrip strength, and mood states. The proteomics analysis showed strong group differences for 39 of 725 proteins identified in dried blood spot samples. Of these, 18 were downregulated in the LIFE group and collectively indicated a lower innate immune activation signature. A total of 21 proteins were upregulated in the LIFE group and supported greater lipoprotein metabolism and HDL remodeling. Lifestyle-related habits and biomarkers were probed and the variance (> 50%) in proteomic profiles was best explained by group contrasts in indicators of adiposity. This cross-sectional study established that a relatively small number of proteins are associated with good lifestyle habits.
Real-time bottom-up characterization of protein mixtures enabled by online microdroplet-assisted enzymatic digestion (MAED)
Authors: Ma Cheng-Hua , Chen Chih-Lin , Hsu Cheng-Chih
Published: October 2023

A simple microdroplet-based online digestion platform enables instant digestion following protein separation for rapid bottom-up analysis of protein mixtures.
Facile and stereospecific synthesis of diverse β-N-glycosyl sulfonamide scaffolds via palladium catalysis
Authors: Zhong Lei , Wang Qunliang , Wang Yujuan , Cheng Yiyang , Xiong Yimeng , Peng Haibo , Zhou Zhen , He Yun , Dai Yuanwei
Published: October 2023

Diverse β-N-glycosulfonamido scaffolds were prepared by a palladium-catalysed stereospecific N-glycosylation. This tactic provides excellent opportunities for rapid construction of glycosyl sulfonamide libraries to stimulate glycodrug discovery.
Enhanced high-temperature electrochemical properties of in situ carbon-coated truncated octahedral LiMn2O4 cathodes
Authors: He Jiayi , Ren Yan , Zhuang Shuxin , Jiang Shengyu , Pan Xiaoxiao , Sun Gaoxing , Zhu Bin , Wen Yanfen , Li Xiaodan
Published: October 2023

Truncated octahedral spinel LiMn2O4 achieves remarkable electrochemical properties but Mn dissolution in the long-cycle process, especially at high temperatures, still cannot be avoided.
Surface functionalized 3D printed metal structures as next generation recyclable SERS substrates
Authors: Malik Uzma , Hubesch Roxanne , Koley Paramita , Mazur Maciej , Mehla Sunil , Butti Sai Kishore , Brandt Milan , Selvakannan P. R. , Bhargava Suresh
Published: October 2023

Surface chemical functionalization empowers 3D printed metal substrates creating recyclable SERS platforms for advanced analytical applications.
Direct annulation between glycine derivatives and thiiranes through photoredox/iron cooperative catalysis
Authors: Wang Shutao , Gao Yuan , Hu Yansong , Zhou Jintao , Chen Zhidang , Liu Zhao , Zhang Yuan
Published: October 2023

A visible-light-induced aerobic oxidative [2+3] cycloaddition reaction between glycine derivatives and thiiranes is achieved via a cooperative photoredox catalysis and iron catalysis.
Synthesis and characterisation of new coordination polymers by combining 2-pyridyl oximes or alcohols with functionalised terephthalic acid analogues
Authors: Dimakopoulou Foteini , Efthymiou Constantinos G. , Kourtellaris Andreas , O'Malley Ciaran , Alaa Eldin Refat Lamis , Tasiopoulos Anastasios , McArdle Patrick , Papatriantafyllopoulou Constantina
Published: October 2023

The combination of 2-pyridyl oximes or 2-pyridinemethanol and a hydroxo-functionalized dicarboxylic acid has provided access to a family of coordination polymers.
Crystal engineering of a new pharmaceutical polymorph of gallic acid monohydrate: a structural comparative study and chemical computational quantum investigations
Authors: Ghouari Nasreddine , Benali-Cherif Rim , Takouachet Radhwane , Falek Wahiba , Missaoui Djallila , Rahmouni Ali , Bendeif El-Eulmi , Benali-Cherif Nourredine
Published: October 2023

Exploiting new polymorphs of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) has a significant role in the development of new processes for the pharmaceutical industry.
Preparation of La2Zr2O7 composite oxides with fluorite/pyrochlore phases by excluding element influences for catalyzing oxidative coupling of methane
Authors: Xu Junwei , Zhong Xusheng , Ouyang Rumeng , Gong Ying , Liu Yameng , Xu Xianglan , Fang Xiuzhong , Wang Xiang
Published: October 2023

The lower the Zr–O bond force constant, the greater the O2− + O22− species and basic site amounts, and the higher the C2 yield.
Revisiting the bonding evolution theory: a fresh perspective on the ammonia pyramidal inversion and bond dissociations in ethane and borazane
Authors: Ayarde-Henríquez Leandro , Guerra Cristian , Duque-Noreña Mario , Chamorro Eduardo
Published: October 2023

Considering the conceptual fundaments underpinning Thom's works within the bonding evolution theory brings forth a transformative paradigm shift, revolutionizing our understanding of rate processes.
Formation of carbon propeller-like molecules from starphenes under electron irradiation
Authors: Matsokin Nikita A. , Sinitsa Alexander S. , Polynskaya Yulia G. , Lebedeva Irina V. , Knizhnik Andrey A. , Popov Andrey M.
Published: October 2023

Formation of carbon propeller-like molecules (CPLMs) from starphenes on a graphene substrate due to hydrogen loss under electron irradiation is demonstrated with molecular dynamics simulations using the CompuTEM algorithm and DFT calculations.
Air-processed MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells achieve 20.87% efficiency and excellent bending resistance enabled via a polymer dual-passivation strategy
Authors: Zhang Pengyun , Xiong Jie , Chen Wei-Hsiang , Du Pingfan , Song Lixin
Published: October 2023

In this paper, a novel polymer dual-passivation strategy of introducing ammonium polyphosphate (APP) additive into anti-solvent is employed to fabricate high-efficiency and stable air-processed perovskite solar cells.
Zeolite encapsulated organometallic complexes as model catalysts
Authors: Iaia Ethan P. , Soyemi Ademola , Szilvási Tibor , Harris James W.
Published: October 2023

Encapsulated complexes have potential as model heterogeneous catalysts for gap-phase reactions.
Synthesis, structures, and solid-state photoresponsive color change behavior of boronium complexes bearing a pyridine-imine, diimine, or pyridine-ketone bidentate ligand
Authors: Yoshino Junro , Hirono Yoshito , Kaneda Ayako , Hayashi Naoto
Published: October 2023

Pyridine-imine-9-BBN boronium complexes also have solid-state photoresponsive color change capabilities as well as bipyridine-9-BBN boronium complexes do.
Dimeric polybismuth heteroanion of [Rh@Bi10(RhCO)5]2− constructed using Bi10-bowl and square pyramidal Rh@(Rh-CO)5
Authors: Zang Yipeng , Wang Yueyue , Sang Ruili , Xu Li
Published: October 2023

The largest polybismuth heteroanion[Rh@Bi10(Rh-CO)5]24−, yielded by the redox reaction of K5Bi4 and Rh2(CO)4Cl2 in en solution of 2,2,2-cryptand. wherein the reduced oligomeric Rh@(Rh-CO)5 unit is covalently and datively bonded to the Bi10-bowl.
Crystal structure, phase width, and physical properties of the barium tetrel selenides Ba6Si2−xGexSe12 (x = 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5) with ultralow thermal conductivity
Authors: Menezes Luke T. , Assoud Abdeljalil , Kleinke Holger
Published: October 2023

The crystal structures and physical properties of the compounds Ba6Si2−xGexSe12 (x = 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5) were determined by Rietveld refinements. Synchrotron radiation was used to study the Si/Ge disorder and the disordered Se22− pairs.
Characterization and molecular simulation of lignin in Cyrene pretreatment of switchgrass
Authors: Wang Yun-Yan , Wang Yunxuan , Liang Luna , Smith Micholas Dean , Meng Xianzhi , Pu Yunqiao , Mazarei Mitra , Agarwal Rupesh , Rukmani Shalini J. , Davison Brian H. , Ragauskas Arthur J.
Published: October 2023

Biomass-derived solvents have been proposed as a novel pathway in biorefining for the realization of biofuels and bioproducts derived from lignocellulosic biomass.
Ensemble learning to predict solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion based on photocatalytic water splitting over doped TiO2
Authors: Liu Qing , Pan Kewei , Zhu Lanyan , Zhou Yi , Lu Ying , Wang Shixing , Ding Zhao , Du Wenjia , Zhou Yang
Published: October 2023

Regression and classification analysis by machine learning on the TiO2 photocatalytic water splitting.
Design and synthesis of covalently tethered “isoG-star” as a recyclable host for selective cesium separation
Authors: Liu Mengjia , He Ying , Wojtas Lukasz , Shi Xiaodong
Published: October 2023

By employing well-defined isoguanosine self-assembled pentamer formation and post-assembly modification, covalently tethered isoG-star through olefin metathesis was prepared as a recyclable receptor for selective cesium separation.
Green production of 9-aryl-fluoren-9-ols achieved through process intensification of the Grignard reaction using continuous flow at room temperature
Authors: Li Xiao-Yan , Chen Xin , Bao Qiu-Jing , Li Yang , Zhang Zheng , Wei Ying , Xie Ling-Hai , Huang Wei
Published: October 2023

Green Production of 9-Aryl-fluoren-9-ols was achieved by continuous flow technology at room temperature. Compared to batch processing, this method reduced raw material costs by 35%, solid waste emissions by 64%, and production time by 86%.
Rapid screening of wood and leaf tissues: investigating silicon-based phytoliths in Populus trichocarpa for carbon storage applications using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
Authors: Andrews Hunter B. , Wymore Ann M. , Wetter E. E. , Herndon Elizabeth M. , Li Hui , Martin Samir A. , Griffiths Natalie A. , Yang Xiaohan , Muchero Wellington , Weston David J. , Martin Madhavi Z.
Published: October 2023

Phytoliths, which are noncrystalline particles of amorphous silica that form inside plant cells, contribute to the global carbon cycle through their ability to occlude organic carbon.
Correction: A wearable colorimetric sweat pH sensor-based smart textile for health state diagnosis
Authors: Ha Ji-Hwan , Jeong Yongrok , Ahn Junseong , Hwang Soonhyoung , Jeon Sohee , Kim Dahong , Ko Jiwoo , Kang Byeongmin , Jung Young , Choi Jungrak , Han Hyeonseok , Gu Jimin , Cho Seokjoo , Kim Hyunjin , Bok Moonjeong , Park Su A. , Jeong Jun-Ho , Park Inkyu
Published: October 2023

Correction for ‘A wearable colorimetric sweat pH sensor-based smart textile for health state diagnosis’ by Ji-Hwan Ha et al., Mater. Horiz., 2023, 10, 4163–4171, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3mh00340j.
Hot off the Press
Authors: Hill Robert A. , Sutherland Andrew
Published: October 2023

A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products, such as dysambiol from a Dysidea species.
Advances in pixel driving technology for micro-LED displays
Authors: Gao Han , Zou Mingjie , Zhong Chenming , Zhuang Jianbang , Lin Junjie , Lu Zhian , Jiang Zhizhong , Lu Yijun , Chen Zhong , Guo Weijie
Published: October 2023

Micro-LED displays have been recognized as the next-generation display technology. This review focuses on the recent progress in the pixel-driving technology of micro-LED displays.
N-Hydroxy-Phe-Phe, a new dipeptide, and cytotoxic macrocyclic trichothecenes from the lethal toxic mushroom Podostroma cornu-damae
Authors: Lee Bum Soo , Jung Su Myung , Ryoo Rhim , Choi Sang Un , An Seongpil , Kim Ki Hyun
Published: October 2023

A new dipeptide, N-hydroxy-Phe-Phe (1), and three macrocyclic trichothecenes, namely satratoxin H (2), 12′-episatratoxin H (3), and roridin F (4), were isolated from a plate culture of the poisonous mushroom Podostroma cornu-damae.
Snap-through inversion of elastic shells swelling via solvent diffusion
Authors: Park Ji-Sung , Kim Junseong , Lee Anna , Kim Ho-Young
Published: October 2023

Bilayer shells that differentially swell by solvent absorption can snap through, and their axisymmetry is broken when they are thin and deep. We experimentally demonstrate and analyze the soft actuation system.
Solution characterization of a hyperbranched polysaccharide carbamate derivative and specific phase separation behavior due to chain branching
Authors: Mizuguchi Madoka , Umeda Keisuke , Mizumoto Hisato , Terao Ken
Published: October 2023

A hyperbranched polymer consisting of rigid helical part chains has a lower solubility than the linear chain, indicating that the bending helical chains near the branching point have different interactions with solvent molecules.
GLUT4 dispersal at the plasma membrane of adipocytes: a super-resolved journey
Authors: Geiser Angéline , Foylan Shannan , Tinning Peter W. , Bryant Nia J. , Gould Gwyn W.
Published: October 2023

In adipose tissue, insulin stimulates glucose uptake by mediating the translocation of GLUT4 from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane. In 2010, insulin was revealed to also have a fundamental impact on the spatial distribution of GLUT4 within the plasma membrane, with the existence of two GLUT4 populations at the plasma membrane being defined: (1) as stationary clusters and (2) as diffusible monomers. In this model, in the absence of insulin, plasma membrane-fused GLUT4 are found to behave as clusters. These clusters are thought to arise from exocytic events that retain GLUT4 at their fusion sites; this has been proposed to function as an intermediate hub between GLUT4 exocytosis and re-internalisation. By contrast, insulin stimulation induces the dispersal of GLUT4 clusters into monomers and favours a distinct type of GLUT4-vesicle fusion event, known as fusion-with-release exocytosis. Here, we review how super-resolution microscopy approaches have allowed investigation of the characteristics of plasma membrane-fused GLUT4 and further discuss regulatory step(s) involved in the GLUT4 dispersal machinery, introducing the scaffold protein EFR3 which facilitates localisation of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type IIIα (PI4KIIIα) to the cell surface. We consider how dispersal may be linked to the control of transporter activity, consider whether macro-organisation may be a widely used phenomenon to control proteins within the plasma membrane, and speculate on the origin of different forms of GLUT4-vesicle exocytosis.
Development and Application of a Reference Interval Approach to Wideband Absorbance Norms Using U.S. Population Data for Ages 6 to 80+ Years
Authors: Humes Larry
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

U.S. national wideband absorbance (WBA) data for 17,446 ears included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys for 2015–2016 and 2017–2020 were analyzed to develop and apply normative reference intervals (RIs).

Method:

Analyses used distribution-free medians and cumulative distribution functions (CDFs). Notable differences between medians were defined as those with non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals, and differences between CDFs were evaluated using Cohen's
h
effect size. Strict inclusion criteria identified “healthy ears” with 1,240 ears meeting all the inclusion criteria for the reference group. RIs, WBA values corresponding to the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles for the reference group, were established. The established RIs were then applied to the full unscreened data set to determine the prevalence of WBA values outside the RIs.

Results:

WBA RIs were established for all 6- to 19-year-olds and for 20- to 69-year-olds separated into three groups: females, males, and non-Hispanic Asians. The differences among the CDFs underlying these RIs corresponded to small effect sizes. When a single RI, 0.40 < average WBA < 0.75, was applied to the full data set, about 6%–13% of ears fell outside the derived RIs. Logistic regression analyses found abnormal tympanometric results to be responsible for the extreme WBA values among the general population. Abnormal tympanometric results increased the odds of having WBA values outside the RI by ≥ 300%.

Conclusions:

U.S. population data for healthy ears were used to establish RIs for WBA of about 0.40–0.75. About 6%–13% of Americans, 6–80+ years of age, had WBA values outside these RI limits.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24185745
Resource allocation and energy trading in the short blocklength regime for radio access networks
Authors: Cao Yu , Zhou Yuchen , Chen Jian , Yang Long , He Bingtao
Published: October 2023

With the large‐scale deployment of communication and computation units, the conventional radio access network has been gradually transformed into a sophisticated Cyber‐Physical System. Since the access network is put forward higher expectations for ultra‐reliable and low‐latency services, Short‐Packet Communications (SPC) based on Finite Blocklength Codes can be adopted to further decrease network latency and enhance communication reliability. Considering the interaction among the service provider, the network operator, and users, a three‐stage Stackelberg game is constructed to dynamically arrange communication and computation resources. In this paper, the tripartite interaction problem is modelled as a generalized Nash equilibrium problem, and the reverse induction method is employed to achieve the sub‐game equilibrium. To solve the problem of maximizing tripartite utilities, the authors propose an iterative algorithm for jointly managing resource allocation and tripartite pricing. Simulation results show that compared with the benchmark, the proposed scheme can effectively improve the utilities of users, the service provider, and the network operator and achieve a win–win situation.
Multiple dependence representation of attention graph convolutional network relation extraction model
Authors: Liangfu Zhao , Yujie Xiong , Yongbin Gao , Wenjun Yu
Published: October 2023

Dependency analysis can better help neural network to capture semantic features in sentences, so as to extract entity relation. Currently, hard pruning strategies and soft pruning strategies based on dependency tree structure coding have been proposed to balance beneficial additional information and adverse interference in extraction tasks. A new model based on graph convolutional networks, which uses a variety of representations describing dependency trees from different perspectives and combining these representations to obtain a better sentence representation for relation classification is proposed. A newly defined module is added, and this module uses the attention mechanism to capture deeper semantic features from the context representation as the global semantic features of the input text, thus helping the model to capture deeper semantic information at the sentence level for relational extraction tasks. In order to get more information about a given entity pair from the input sentence, the authors also model implicit co‐references (references) to entities. This model can extract semantic features related to the relationship between entities from sentences to the maximum extent. The results show that the model in this paper achieves good results on SemEval2010‐Task8 and KBP37 datasets.
The short-term stability and tilting motion of a well-observed low-latitude solar coronal hole
Authors: Heinemann Stephan G. , Hofmeister Stefan J. , Turtle James A. , Pomoell Jens , Asvestari Eleanna , Sterling Alphonse C. , Diercke Andrea , Downs Cooper
Published: October 2023

Context. Our understanding of the solar magnetic coronal structure is tightly linked to the shape of open field regions, specifically coronal holes. A dynamically evolving coronal hole coincides with the local restructuring of open to closed magnetic field, which leads to changes in the interplanetary solar wind structure.

Aims. By investigating the dynamic evolution of a fast-tilting coronal hole, we strive to uncover clues about what processes may drive its morphological changes, which are clearly visible in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) filtergrams.

Methods. Using combined 193 Å and 195 Å EUV observations by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory and the Extreme UltraViolet Imager on board the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory-Ahead, in conjunction with line-of-sight magnetograms taken by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager, also on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory, we tracked and analyzed a coronal hole over 12 days to derive changes in morphology, area, and magnetic field. We complemented this analysis by potential field source surface modeling to compute the open field structure of the coronal hole.

Results. We find that the coronal hole exhibits an apparent tilting motion over time that cannot solely be explained by solar differential rotation. It tilts at a mean rate of ∼3.2°  day−1 that accelerates up to ∼5.4°  day−1. At the beginning of May the area of the coronal hole decreased by more than a factor of three over four days (from ∼13 × 109 km2 to ∼4 × 109 km2), but its open flux remained constant (∼2 × 1020 Mx). Furthermore, the observed evolution is not reproduced by modeling that assumes the coronal magnetic field to be potential.

Conclusions. In this study we present a solar coronal hole that tilts at a rate that has yet to be reported in literature. The rate exceeds the effect of the coronal hole being advected by either photospheric or coronal differential rotation. Based on the analysis we find it likely that this is due to morphological changes in the coronal hole boundary caused by ongoing interchange reconnection and the interaction with a newly emerging ephemeral region in its vicinity.
Bichromatic coloring game on triangulations
Authors: Matsumoto Naoki
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we study bichromatic coloring game on a disk triangulation, which is introduced by Aichholzer et al. in 2005. They proved that if a disk triangulation has at most two inner vertices, then the second player can force a tie in the bichromatic coloring game on the disk triangulation. We prove that the same statement holds for any disk triangulation with at most four inner vertices, and that the bound of the number of inner vertices is the best possible. Furthermore, we consider the game on topological triangulations.
Lungentuberkulose unter Therapie mit
Tocilizumab/Etanercept
Authors: Falk Alexander , Strunk Johannes
Published: October 2023

In unserer Ambulanz wurde bei einer 82-jährigen Patientin nach Diagnose
einer late onset seropositiven ACPA-negativen Rheumatoiden Arthritis (LORA)
zunächst eine Therapie mit Leflunomid begonnen. Im Verlauf musste die
Therapie auf Etanercept gewechselt werden. Bei positivem Quantiferontest
erfolgte eine Chemoprävention mit Rifampicin. Im Verlauf
präsentierte sich die Patientin mit der Diagnose einer
Großgefäßvaskulitis, in der Rückschau lag also
initial eine Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) vor. Die Therapie wurde auf
Tocilizumab geändert und die Pat. erhielt einen Prednisolonstoß.
Unter der Therapie mit Tocilizumab/Prednisolon entwickelte die Patientin
eine polysensible Lungentuberkulose.
Interval post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer following a negative colonoscopy in a fecal immunochemical test-based screening program
Authors: van de Schootbrugge-Vandermeer Hilliene J. , Kooyker Arthur I. , Spaander Manon C. W. , van Leerdam Monique E. , Wisse Pieter H. A. , Nagtegaal Iris D. , Geuzinge Hiltje A. , Toes-Zoutendijk Esther , de Jonge Lucie , Breekveldt Emilie C. H. , van Vuuren Anneke J. , van Kemenade Folkert J. , Ramakers Christian R. B. , Dekker Evelien , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris
Published: October 2023

Background In the Dutch colorectal (CRC) screening program, fecal immunochemical test (FIT)-positive individuals are referred for colonoscopy. If no relevant findings are detected at colonoscopy, individuals are reinvited for FIT screening after 10 years. We aimed to assess CRC risk after a negative colonoscopy in FIT-positive individuals.

Methods In this cross-sectional cohort study, data were extracted from the Dutch national screening information system. Participants with a positive FIT followed by a negative colonoscopy between 2014 and 2018 were included. A negative colonoscopy was defined as a colonoscopy during which no more than one nonvillous, nonproximal adenoma < 10 mm or serrated polyp < 10 mm was found. The main outcome was interval post-colonoscopy CRC (iPCCRC) risk. iPCCRC risk was reviewed against the risk of interval CRC after a negative FIT (FIT IC) with a 2-year screening interval.

Results 35 052 FIT-positive participants had a negative colonoscopy and 24 iPCCRCs were diagnosed, resulting in an iPCCRC risk of 6.85 (95 %CI 4.60–10.19) per 10 000 individuals after a median follow-up of 1.4 years. After 2.5 years of follow-up, age-adjusted iPCCRC risk was approximately equal to FIT IC risk at 2 years.

Conclusion Risk of iPCCRC within a FIT-based CRC screening program was low during the first years after colonos-copy but, after 2.5 years, was the same as the risk in FIT-negative individuals at 2 years, when they are reinvited for screening. Colonoscopy quality may therefore require further improvement and FIT screening interval may need to be reduced after negative colonoscopy.
Marine Sponge-Derived Secondary Metabolites Modulate SARS-CoV-2 Entry
Mechanisms
Authors: Steenblock Charlotte , Richter Stefanie , Lindemann Dirk , Ehrlich Hermann , Bornstein Stefan R. , Bechmann Nicole
Published: October 2023

The emergence of SARS-CoV 2 caused the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in numerous
global infections and deaths. In particular, people with metabolic diseases
display an increased risk of severe COVID 19 and a fatal outcome. Treatment
options for severe cases are limited, and the appearance of new virus variants
complicates the development of novel therapies. To better manage viral
infections like COVID 19, new therapeutic approaches are needed. Marine sponges
offer a natural and renewable source of unique bioactive agents. These sponges
produce secondary metabolites with various effects, including anti-viral,
anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumorigenic properties. In the current study, we
investigated the effect of five different marine sponge-derived secondary
metabolites (four bromotyrosines and one sesquiterpenoid hydroquinone). Two of
these, Avarol and Acetyl-dibromoverongiaquinol reduced the expression of ACE2,
the main receptor for SARS-CoV 2, and the alternative receptor NRP1. Moreover,
these substances derived from sponges demonstrated the ability to diminish the
virus titer in SARS-CoV 2-infected cells, especially concerning the Omicron
lineage. However, the reduction was not substantial enough to expect a
significant impact on infected humans. Consequently, the investigated
sponge-derived secondary metabolites are not likely to be effective to treat
COVID 19 as a stand-alone therapy.
Visible-Light-Mediated Intramolecular Lactonization of Benzylic C(sp3)–H Bonds Promoted by DDQ and tert-Butyl Nitrite
Authors: Li Chunmei , Li Meichao , Shen Zhenlu , Hu Miaomiao , Yang Jiangyu , Niu Mengyu , Xu Meng
Published: October 2023

A functionalization of benzylic C(sp3)–H bonds was established through a mild metal-free intramolecular lactonization protocol in the presence of DDQ/tert-butyl nitrite as photocatalysts, allowing practical and low-cost access to a series of phthalide products in moderate to excellent yields. Compared with many existing methodologies, this visible-light-driven process exhibits an excellent substrate scope and fascinating features, including the formation of water as the sole byproduct, an abundant and green energy source, commercially available catalysts, and room-temperature reaction. Finally, detailed mechanistic investigations clearly revealed the role of the photocatalysts and molecular oxygen.
The Irish Experience with Sacrococcygeal Teratomas: Are Type IV Lesions More Common than We Think?
Authors: Kane Gavin Alan , Mortell Alan , Gillick John , Thambipillai Sri Paran , Cascio Salvatore
Published: October 2023

Introduction Sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCTs) are rare tumors occurring in approximately 1 in 35,000 to 40,000 live births. The Altman classification is used to describe SCTs. There are four types, with type 1 predominantly external through to type IV which is a presacral, completely internal mass. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first study to focus on type IV SCT lesions.

Materials and Methods Using ICD-10-AM (The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification) codes, we identified all patients in the Republic of Ireland with a diagnosis of SCT from 2004 to 2020. The following information was obtained for each patient: gender, time of diagnosis, clinical presentation, method of diagnosis, Altman classification, biomarkers, age at operation, surgical technique, pathology, recurrence, and age at most recent follow-up.

Results There were 29 patients in total; 23 females (79%) and 6 males (21%). In total, 16 (55%) were diagnosed antenatally, 4 (14%) at less than 1 month, 4 (14%) less than 1 year, 3 (10%) age 2 to 4 years, and 2 (7%) were aged 5 to 12 years. In addition, 22 (76%) were mature teratomas, 2 (7%) immature teratomas, and 5 (17%) were malignant tumors. There were 6 (21%) type I lesions, 9 (30%) type II, 6 (21%) type III, and 8 (28%) type IV lesions.

Conclusion In Altman's original 1974 study, type IV lesions were present in 10% of cases. As a result, this is the most frequently quoted figure. Type IV lesions were present in 28% of cases in our study. We propose that type IV lesions may be more common than the current literature suggests and consequently a higher index of suspicion of their presence should be entertained.
Double and triple-pole solutions for the third-order flow equation of the Kaup-Newell system with zero/nonzero boundary conditions
Authors: Pu Jun-Cai , Chen Yong
Published: October 2023

In this work, the double and triple-pole solutions for the third-order flow equation of Kaup-Newell system (TOFKN) with zero boundary conditions (ZBCs) and non-zero boundary conditions (NZBCs) are investigated by means of the Riemann-Hilbert (RH) approach stemming from the inverse scattering transformation. Starting from spectral problem of the TOFKN, the analyticity, symmetries, asymptotic behavior of the Jost function and scattering matrix, the matrix RH problem with ZBCs and NZBCs are constructed. Then the obtained RH problem with ZBCs and NZBCs can be solved in the case of scattering coefficients with double or triple zeros, and the reconstruction formula of potential, trace formula as well as theta condition are also derived correspondingly. Specifically, the general formulas of N-double and N-triple poles solutions with ZBCs and NZBCs are derived systematically by means of determinants. The vivid plots and dynamics analyses for double and triple-pole soliton solutions with the ZBCs as well as double and triple-pole interaction solutions with the NZBCs are exhibited in details. Compared with the most classical second-order flow Kaup-Newell system, we find the third-order dispersion and quintic nonlinear term of the Kaup-Newell system change the trajectory and velocity of solutions. Furthermore, the asymptotic states of the 1-double poles soliton solution and the 1-triple poles soliton solution are analyzed when t tends to infinity.
Design of two-dimensional piezoelectric laser scanner system for precision laser beam steering
Authors: Luo Dong , Xiong Xiaogang , Chen Wei , Huang Ruining
Published: October 2023

In this work, a large aperture two-dimensional (2D) piezoelectric laser scanner system with an onboard sensor to detect the scanner’s deflection angle has been designed and prototyped. The proposed 2D laser scanner is driven using three amplified piezoelectric actuators assembled in an equilateral triangle configuration to provide structural stability and compactness. To overcome the nonlinearity that derives from the hysteresis effect of the piezoelectric actuators, the tip-tilt principle and the control schemes of the 2D scanner are analyzed and compared. Thanks to the combination of onboard sensing of the deflection angle of the scanner with the closed-loop control capability, this 2D scanner’s features include a large aperture and high accuracy. The experimental results demonstrate that closed-loop control achieves higher control accuracy than the open-loop control approach, leading to a reduction in the relative error from 2%–4% to ∼0.5%, while the deflection angle tracking accuracy lies approximately within the 40 μrad range.
Space-time behavior of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations with hyperbolic heat conduction
Authors: Liu Mengqian , Wu Zhigang
Published: October 2023

We consider compressible Navier-Stokes equations with hyperbolic heat conduction in R3. A space-time description of the classical solution is given when the initial perturbation is suitable small. The result implies that all of the unknowns obey the generalized Huygens’ principle as the classical compressible Navier-Stokes equations in Liu and Wang [Commun. Math. Phys. 196, 145–173 (1998)]. Additionally, we show that the decay of the flux q is faster than the other unknowns.
The effect of electrical parameters of eddy current sensor on metal film thickness measurement performance and the optimization method
Authors: Li Hongkai , Wang Jinlong , Zhang Tong , Li Zihan
Published: October 2023

Eddy current sensors have been widely used in the field of micro- and nano-measurements. The detection circuit is a key part of eddy current sensors. In particular, the electrical parameters in the signal conversion circuit have an important effect on the measurement performance. It is necessary to study the effect of the electrical parameters on the measurement performance and propose an optimization method. In this study, a simulation model of the eddy current sensor is established by coupling a magnetic field and a circuit field. The circuits include the LC parallel resonance, the AC bridge, and three combination circuits of the LC resonant and AC bridge. The output voltage variation with the thickness of copper film is calculated, and the effect of the electrical parameters on sensitivity Ki is obtained. In the LC parallel resonant circuit, it’ is revealed that K1 is maximum when the parallel capacitance CP is equal to the resonant capacitance C0. An optimization method of adjusting resistance RS in different thickness intervals is proposed. In the AC bridge circuit, it’ is revealed that there exists an optimal RS, which makes K2 maximum. In three combination circuits, K3, K4, and K5 are the maximum when the capacitances (C1, C2, and C3) reach the resonant capacitance C0. In addition, the sensitivity of each combination circuit is improved compared with that of the AC bridge. The relevant analysis results are further verified by a series of experiments. According to the calculation results and the experimental analysis, the optimization method for electrical parameters is further proposed.
Neutron phase imaging by a Talbot–Lau interferometer at Kyoto University Reactor
Authors: Seki Yoshichika , Shinohara Takenao , Hino Masahiro , Nakamura Riichiro , Samoto Tetsuo , Momose Atsushi
Published: October 2023

We have developed a new neutron phase imaging system with a Talbot–Lau interferometer for utilization at the CN-3 port of the Kyoto University Reactor. To achieve efficient differential-phase imaging and visibility (dark-field) imaging at this beamline, we adopted a relatively shorter design wavelength of 2.7 Å. By fabricating neutron absorption gratings with thick gadolinium absorbers, we were able to obtain clear moiré fringes with a high visibility of 55% for thermal neutrons. As a demonstration of its imaging capabilities for expanded actual utilization in the medium-sized sources, we observed additively manufactured rods of Inconel 718. Using visibility imaging, we successfully examined variations in the size of defects in the rods caused by hot isostatic pressing process. In addition, we conducted tomography measurements of the rods, which allowed us to reveal the spatial distribution of defects at sub-micrometer scales.
Novel miniature in situ hole expansion test coupled with microscopic digital image correlation
Authors: Basu Soudip , Jaya Balila Nagamani , Ganguly Sarbari , Dutta Monojit , Samajdar Indradev
Published: October 2023

The hole expansion ratio (HER) test is used to determine the stretch-flangeability of materials. Standard HER tests are performed on specimens sized a few tens of centimeters, termed macro-HER tests. This leads to significant material wastage due to the destructive nature of the tests. No information at the microstructure length scale is obtained, and the results suffer from user uncertainty in the identification of the through-thickness crack. This paper presents a novel miniature HER setup (termed micro-HER test), in which miniature specimens are tested inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The deformation is imaged from the top using the secondary electron detector installed in the SEM, coupled with the digital image correlation (DIC) technique, allowing for measurement of full field strains at the microstructural scale and identifying their deformation/fracture mechanisms. As a case study, six different steel grades were tested to measure their micro-HER values and compare them with the corresponding macro-HER values. The latter were found to be higher for the more ductile grades of steel. Late detection of through-thickness cracks and thicker samples leading to a higher volume of plastic deformation could contribute to this overestimation of values in macro-HER tests. DIC results from micro-HER tests on a ferrite–martensite (10% volume fraction) dual-phase steel showed high magnitudes of strain localization at the ferrite–martensite interfacial regions, indicating that such interfaces might be hotspots for failure under triaxial stress states. The challenges and errors associated with the measurements are also discussed.
Ferroelectric Schottky diodes of CuInP2S6 nanosheet
Authors: Yao Jinyuan , Liu Yongtao , Ding Shaoqing , Zhu Yanglin , Mao Zhiqiang , Kalinin Sergei V. , Liu Ying
Published: October 2023

Ferroelectricity in van der Waals (vdW) layered material has attracted a great deal of interest recently. CuInP2S6 (CIPS), the only vdW layered material whose ferroelectricity in the bulk was demonstrated by direct polarization measurements, was shown to remain ferroelectric down to a thickness of a few nanometers. However, its ferroelectric properties have just started to be explored in the context of potential device applications. We report here the preparation and measurements of metal-ferroelectric semiconductor-metal heterostructures using nanosheets of CIPS obtained by mechanical exfoliation. Four bias voltage and polarization dependent resistive states were observed in the current–voltage characteristics, which we attribute to the formation of ferroelectric Schottky diode, along with switching behavior.
Observation of D2 molecule line emission after massive D2 injection into runaway electron plateaus in DIII-D
Authors: Hollmann E. M. , Herfindal J. L. , McLean A. , Pigarov A. Yu. , Shiraki D. , Wilcox R. S.
Published: October 2023

Molecular deuterium line emission is observed in both the visible and ultraviolet (UV) wavelength ranges after massive (> 100 Torr-L) injection of D2 gas into post-disruption runaway electron (RE) dominated plasmas in the DIII-D tokamak. D2 UV line emission is found to be the dominant source of radiated power, surpassing D Lyα. Interpretive modeling with a collisional-radiative model (CRM) indicates that D2 radiation surpasses D radiation because Lyα is strongly trapped, while D2 UV lines are mostly untrapped. The CRM also indicates that the D2 line emission is completely dominated by RE impact (rather than thermal electron impact), so the D2 line emission can serve as a good diagnostic for the spatial localization of REs. Analysis of D2 visible lines indicates that the D2 molecules in the plasma are thermally equilibrated with the background plasma, with vibrational, rotational, and kinetic temperatures all near 0.3 eV. D2 spectroscopy therefore serves as a convenient diagnostic of background plasma temperature. Measurement of D2 radiated power also appears to serve as a useful diagnostic for constraining neutral transport modeling.
A regularized high-order diffusive smoothed particle hydrodynamics scheme without tensile instability
Authors: Michel J. , Colagrossi A. , Antuono M. , Marrone S.
Published: October 2023

In the present work, we derive a novel high-order weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics scheme based on an accurate approximation of the pressure gradient and on the use of numerical Riemann fluxes. Specifically, a switch between non-conservative and conservative formulations of the pressure gradient is adopted close to the free surface, in order to fulfill the dynamic free-surface boundary condition and, at the same time, prevent the onset of the tensile instability in inner regions of the fluid domain. The numerical diffusion is obtained using Riemann solvers, with reconstruction/limitation of the left and right states derived from the Monotonic Upstream-centered Scheme for Conservation Laws technique. These allow for a high-order convergence rate of the diffusive terms that, for increasing spatial resolutions, results in a low numerical dissipation without tuning parameters. Regular particle distributions, which are crucial for the model accuracy, are obtained thanks to recent improvements in Particle Shifting Techniques. These are taken into account within the constitutive equations through a quasi-Lagrangian formalism. The energy balance of such a non-conservative formulation is derived, and an in-depth analysis of the term contributing to numerical dissipation is performed. The numerical investigation is carried out on several problems, illustrating the advantages of the present scheme with respect to conservative formulations. Since the proposed formulation does not intrinsically guarantee momenta conservation, the latter are monitored showing that the overall errors are generally small.
A dual-axis mechanical model for analyzing the capillary-force-induced clustering on periodic structures
Authors: Shang Xinggang , Wang Ning , Zhou Nanjia , Qiu Min
Published: October 2023

Structural integrity and robustness are key parameters to evaluate microfabrication techniques. Bending and collapsing of 2D/3D microstructures are commonly noted in solvent-involved procedures, e.g., liquid-based post-treatment in wet-etching, lithography, and Two Photon Polymerizations (TPPs). Such structural failures are caused by excessive solution-imposed capillary forces, where multiple kinds of liquids may intensively participate. Current pieces of the literature focus on the mechanical one-axis models to illustrate their deformation process. To date, there exists an emerging demand for dual-axis models to satisfy rapidly developed micro/nano-engineerings. Here, utilizing polymer micro-pillars distributed in a square array as an illustration example, a dual-axis beam-sway model is proposed considering the influences of structure arrangement as well as the solvent. Specifically, a simplified criterion for judging structural stability is identified. For verifications, the TPP-based experimental data show excellent consistency with model predictions. All in all, the extended model offers reliable guidance for the fabrication of delicate structures and further benefits the optimization of related microfabrication processes.
Dynamics of liquid flow through fabric porous media: Experimental, analytical, and numerical investigation
Authors: Patari Subhashis , Chowdhury Imdad Uddin , Kumar Jitendra , Mahapatra Pallab Sinha
Published: October 2023

Over the past few decades, there has been a significant increase in the use of paper-based microfluidic devices in various fields, including environmental monitoring, food safety analysis, and medical diagnostics. As a result, flow through paper-based substrates has gained much attention in the research community. Liquid flows through a paper substrate due to the inherent capillary suction pressure. In order to predict the flow through a paper substrate, we used macro- and microscopic methodologies to construct an analytical and numerical model. We have considered the effect of different factors, e.g., roughness, swelling, dynamic contact angle, and evaporation simultaneously to predict liquid wicking. A modified capillary radius technique is used to incorporate the effects of roughness and swelling into the numerical model, while a sink factor in Darcy's equation is used to model the evaporation. Experiments are performed to validate the developed models, and it is found that both models are in good agreement with the experiments, with a maximum error of 5%. The proposed analytical and numerical models can be used to forecast the capillary rise in a paper-based substrate, which has implications for paper-based microfluidic devices.