bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Hydrothermal Depolymerization of DGEBA/EDA Epoxy Resin
Authors: Zhang Jian Qiu , Song Chao , Zu Jian Hua , Ding Hong Bo , Deng Wu Yan
Published: December 2011

Hydrothermal depolymerization of DGEBA/EDA epoxy resin was carried out in a stainless autoclave at temperatures of 270°C to 350°C in H2O medium. The effect of the factors catalyst, temperature and time on the depolymerization was researched. The products of depolymerization were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by means of GC/MS and GC. The results indicated that the main depolymerized products were phenol, p-isopropylphenol and bisphenol-A (BPA). The epoxy resin composite based on glass fiber and the solid residue after reaction using catalytic hydrothermal depolymerization technology were analyzed by SEM. Also, the depolymerization kinetics of epoxy resin with 3% catalyst and no catalyst were researched and the activation energy was calculated.
Medicinal Constituents of Rumex japonicus Houtt. Prefractionation
Authors: Jiang Yong , Diao Chang , Fan Xiu , Ma Chun Yu , Cheng Shao Jie , Wang Rong
Published: December 2011

The experiments of Rumex japonicus Houtt root effective parts for preliminary separation provide the further research of the effective components conditions.
A Preliminary Study on the Antioxidant Activity of Selenoprotein in Cordyceps militaris Rich in Selenium
Authors: Zhang Chi , Huang Qi Bin
Published: December 2011

Utilize different solvents to extract and salt out soluble protein from the Cordyceps rich in selenium which is artificially cultivated, thus obtaining different types of selenoproteins contained in it, and then pyrogallol autoxidation method is applied to determine their antioxidant activity, meanwhile, double-channel atomic fluorescence is used to detect the materials and their selenium content. The results show that: various proteins of Cordyceps rich in selenium all contain selenium, followed by alkali-soluble selenoprotein > alcohol-soluble selenoprotein > salt-soluble selenoprotein > water-soluble selenoprotein; their ability to remove superoxide anion is followed by water-soluble protein> alkali-soluble protein > salt-soluble protein> alcohol-soluble protein, the clearance rate of selenoprotein with different salting points on superoxide anion is shown as follows: salting selenoprotein with the rate of 70% > salting selenoprotein with the rate of 100% > salting selenoprotein with the rate of 90% > salting selenoprotein with the rate of 80%> salting selenoprotein with the rate of 50%> salting selenoprotein with the rate of 60% ; therefore, selenoprotein of Cordyceps rich in selenium is a kind of natural resource with good antioxidant activity as well as broad application prospects.
Research on the Determination Method of Enzymatic Activity for β-Glucan Synthase (ΒGS)
Authors: Li Peng , Wang Wei Guo , Cui Yu Jia , Zhao Yong Liang , Gu Ya Nan
Published: December 2011

Purpose To research out a suitable method for the determination of enzymatic activity for β-glucan synthase. Methods According to the methods for the determination of ΒGS in current reports, taking Grifola frondosa as material, a suitable method for the determination of enzymatic activity for ΒGS was researched out. ΒGS was isolated from the mycelium of Grifola frondosa. Taking glucose as substrate, ΒGS activity was reflected by the consumption of glucose. Consumption of glucose was measured by 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method, the standard curve for glucose content measurement was plotted by determining absorbance values of different glucose concentrations at 540nm. One unit of ΒGS corresponds to the amount of enzyme which incorporated 1μg glucose into β-glucan in 1 minute. The optimum pH and temperature of the determination of enzymatic activity for ΒGS was determined respectively by carrying out the enzyme assay at different pH levels and temperatures. Results The method for the determination of enzymatic activity for ΒGS was a suitable, correct and usable method which can be popularized widely. The regression equation of the standard curve for glucose content measurement was y=0.0008x-0.0247, R2=0.9996. The optimum pH of the determination of enzymatic activity for ΒGS was pH=5.0 and the optimum temperature was 15°C. The suitable determination process for β-glucan synthase enzymatic activity is as follows: 1.0ml of enzyme was added in a test tube followed by 1.0 ml glucose (1.0mg/ml), and then the pH level was adjusted to 5.0. The test tube was incubated at 15°C for 10 minutes. Later, DNS reagent (1.5ml) was added to the test tube kept in boiling water for 5 minutes and cooled in water. A blank was prepared (2.0ml distilled water and 1.5ml DNS solution). Each solution was fixed the volume to 25ml, the color intensity was estimated at 540 nm using spectrophotometry. Conclusion A method for the determination of enzymatic activity for β-glucan synthase was researched out by taking Grifola frondosa as material, and it can be widely extended and applied by its characteristics of simple, rapid, high sensitivity and low cost.
Recovery of Tea Polyphenols from Green Tea Waste by Liquid-Liquid Extraction
Authors: Li Zhong Jian , Wei Zhe , Xiao Wei , Wang Jun , Wu Fu An
Published: December 2011

Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) has became one of the most consumed beverages in the world in the past five thousand years, and tea polyphenols (TPs) are important organic acids widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical, food and other industries, which have been shown to exhibit various biological and pharmacological properties. In order to look for new technology of downstream process for TPs separation from green tea waste, selective extraction of TPs with 12 varieties of solvents were carried out, the distribution coefficient and equilibrium experiments at various temperatures were described by extraction isotherms model. The results indicated that the optimum solvent conditions were as follow: extractent was glyceryl triacetate, extraction temperature range was 20~30°C, pH value of crude TPs and reextractant were 3.17 and 9, respectively. Equilibrium data of TPs were successfully fitted to Henry isotherm, the distribution coefficient decreases with the increasing of the temperature, which showing an exothermic adsorption process. The data obtained is useful in the designing of solvent extraction process for the recovery of TPs from green tea waste.
Isolation and Purification of a Hyperthermostable Superoxide Dismutase from Thermus thermophilus HB27 Using Two-Stage Ultrafiltration
Authors: Liu Jian Guo , Yin Meng Meng , Wang Meng , Chen Chang Zhen , Zhu Hu
Published: December 2011

In the present work, a hyperthermostable superoxide dismutase (SOD) was isolated from Thermus thermophilus HB27 using a membrane-based process after being expressed in E. coli. It was found that a two-stage ultrafiltration process using a 100 kDa MWCO regenerated cellulose (RC) membrane and a 50 kDa MWCO polyethersulfone (PES) membrane could successfully employed to isolate SOD from the crude feedstock. The effects of solution pH, ionic strength and permeate flux on the transmission of proteins were quantified using parameter scanning ultrafiltration. Under optimized conditions, the purity of SOD obtained was 96% with a sepcific activity of 1412 U/mg protein and the recovery of SOD from the feedback was close to 87%. The enzyme was highly stable at 90°C and retained 63% activity after heat treatment at 100°C for 1 h.
Ethanol/Moisture Contents in Fermented Grains and their Effects on the Yield and Quality of Chinese Luzhou-Flavor Liquor
Authors: Li Hai Long , Huang Wei Xing , Yi Bin , Yang Jun , Yang Ping
Published: December 2011

The ethanol/moisture contents in fermented grains were measured and systematic experiments were carried out to investigate the optimal operation condition for distillation of Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor. The results show that from the top surface (0 m depth) of fermentation tank to the bottom (2 m depth), the moisture content in the grains increases linearly from 60.67 wt.% to 70.44 wt.%, while the ethanol content presents a parabolic distribution with maximal content of 6.29 wt.% at 1.5 m depth. It is found that for efficient distillation of fermented grains, there exists an optimal steam flowrate at which the maximum yield of distilled liquor will be achieved. For the grains with given moisture content, the optimal steam flowrate keeps nearly constant with different ethanol contents, while for the grains with given ethanol content, the optimal steam flowrate increases as the moisture content become increased. Combined with the gas chromatography analysis, it is also presented that the distilled liquor obtained from the grains with higher ethanol content and/or lower moisture content will contain higher concentration of alcohol-soluble flavor compounds, so that the distilled liquor has better quality. The findings in this study provide important reference for the optimization of distillation process of Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor.
Effect of Germination on the Bio-Functional Components in the Germ-Remaining Polished Rice
Authors: Li Xiang Hong , Liu Yong Le , Yu Jian , Wang Fa Xiang , Wang Jian Hui
Published: December 2011

The effects of germination on the bio-functional components in the germ-remaining polished rice have been investigated. The bio-functional components in the raw GRPR, brown rice and germinated brown rice were also characterized as the comparison. The results showed that a decrease in amylose content and an increase in reducing sugar were observed after germination. The germinated GRPR contains much more bio-functional components (GABA and dietary fiber) than GRPR and brown rice, and slightly less than germinated brown rice. The results also demonstrated that germinated GRPR contained less phytic acid than other three kinds of rice. Consequently, the nutritional value of GRPR had been improved by germination. Germination of GRPR would be a promising processing method to enhance the germinated rice consumption.
Ultrasonic Degradation of Dextran in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Zou Qing Song , Pu Yuan Yuan , Li Su Xia , Wang Qing , Wang Xiao , Chen Shan
Published: December 2011

An ultrasonic device with frequency of 20 kHz was used to investigate the effect of different operational parameters such as ultrasonic power, temperature and initial molecular weight on dextran degradation. Results show that the molecular weight of dextran can be controlled by ultrasonic treatment. Higher the ultrasonic power and lower the temperature could increase the degradation rate (R).The initial molecular weight plays an important role in at the initial stage of dextran degradation (within 20 minutes). A smilar limiting molecular weight (Mw≈8.7×104) was obtained after 2 hours ultrasonic treatment for four different initial molecular weight dextrans, suggesting that the limiting molecular weight is independent on the initial molecular weight of dextran. Ultrasonic treatment can be used as a safe, simple and effective method to control the molecular weight of dextran.
Preparation of γ-Aminobutyric Acid from Brown Rice in the Determination
Authors: Li Su Hong , Wang Li Juan , Li Tuo Ping , Jang Zhong Li , Wang Jun Wei
Published: December 2011

Water extraction and ethanol reflux extraction of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in brown rice were compared with the yield and the recovery. In the water extraction, the effects of temperature and time on the extraction process of GABA were investigated, the results showed that the optimum extraction condition was incubated at 50°C for the 3h, and the GABA content was 30.73mg/100g, the recovery of the water extraction was lower, just 60.5% on average. The single factor and orthogonal tests of the extraction conditions were discussed for the ethanol reflux extraction. The result indicated that the best extraction condition is incubated in 70% ethanol, at 80°C, solid to liquid ratio 1:7 (g/mL), GABA content was 50.45 mg/100g, the recovery was 98.5%.
Preparation and Application of Polymer Dust Suppressants in Coal Transportation under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Lai Shui Li , Chai Qiang , Wang Bin , Yang Ning
Published: December 2011

The aqueous solution polymerization of acrylic acid, acryl amide and oxidized starch under microwave irradiation was studied, and a polymer dust suppressants was synthesized. It just needs 2 mins to preparation it. The polymer dust suppressants were characterized by IR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Prepared several coal models by polymer dust suppressants solution (2.0 g/L) was mixed with coal, and to determine compressive strength, temperature resistance, wind corrosion resistance and water corrosion resistance. The result showed that the polymer dust suppressant can effectively reduce the coal loss and particle pollution in transportation.
Effects of Milk Composition Proportioning on the Texture Properties of Rennet Gels Produced by Reconstituted Milk Powder
Authors: Wang Wei Jun , Zhang Lan Wei , Li Yan Hua , Han Xue , Fan Rong Bo , Zhang Li Li
Published: December 2011

The texture properties of rennet gels made with different concentrations of milk fat and protein were investigated. The textural variables, water-holding capacity and apparent viscosity of rennet gels were closely correlated with the reduced fat ratio in the reconstituted milk powder. The demonstrable difference in textural variables was found using the principal component analysis. The apparent viscosity of these gels significantly decreased and the water-holding capacity showed less change compared to the rennet gel made with raw milk. Totally, the gel produced by reconstituted milk powder had less hardness and adhesive, low gumminess, chewiness and viscosity, and more cohesiveness.
Preparation of Controlled-Release Tablets of Sasanquasaponin
Authors: Liu Xiao Zhen , Yang Ju Hua , Lai Zhong Fang , Guo Ling Ling , Song Ling Ling , Bi Ya Qin
Published: December 2011

he controlled-release tablets of sasanquasaponin (SQS) were prepared by using SQS, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, ethylcellulose and lactose as the main drug, skeleton material and fillers, respectively. The effects of the dosage of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and ethylcellulose on release rate were studied. The release rate curve of the data of the prescription of the controlled-release tablets of SQS were fitted as zero order, one order and Higuchi equation. The release rate of the controlled-release tablets of SQS were controlled by controlling the dosage of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and ethylcellulose. The influence of the dosage of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose on release rate of the controlled-release tablets of SQS was the biggest factor. The prescription of the controlled-release tablets of SQS contains in each piece: SQS 200mg, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 40mg, ethylcellulose 30mg, lactose 30mg. The controlled-release tablets of SQS release SQS by slowness and constant in 12h.
Analysis of Heavy Metals in Paper-Process Reconstituted Tobacco
Authors: Liu Jing , Qiu Ye , Wang Jian
Published: December 2011

In this paper, content of heavy metals such as mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic in tobacco leaves, tobacco stems, imported and domestic RT was compared, it was found that content of heavy metals in tobacco leaves was higher than that in RT and tobacco stems; compared with the imported RT, the content of heavy metals in domestic products was higher, especially the content of cadmium was significantly high. The soil was the main source of heavy metals in RT, so strengthening inspection and monitor of soil was necessary and important.
Studies on EDTA Recycling via Formation of EDTA Iron(III) Sodium Salt
Authors: Wang Li , Weng Di , Wang Jun Bo , Chen Xue Song , Xu Xiao Lu
Published: December 2011

So far the absorption of NO by FeIIEDTA solution has not been put into commercial application due to its high cost. In this paper recycling EDTA via formation of EDTA iron (III) sodium salt was presented for the purpose of offering a new pathway to solve this issue. The invalid solution was fully oxidized after NO absorption by FeIIEDTA solution. Ion chromatogram were used to detect the remained ions in solution. It was found that the original ions such as SO32-, NO2- and so on were all oxidized to SO42- and NO3-. Solubility measurement was carried out and it was revealed that the separation and purification could be performed by decreasing the temperature to 306 K. Fourier transformation infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) were applied to determine the transformation product of EDTA. The results indicated that FeNaEDTA was formed. Inductively coupled plasma and atomic absorption spectroscopy (ICP-AAS) demonstrated that the practical solubility of FeNaEDTA reached 78.7% at pH 7.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Removing Phosphorus from High Phosphorus Oolitic Hematite
Authors: Xia Wen Tang , Zhou Xue Jiao , Yin Jian Guo
Published: December 2011

According to the law of mass balance and charge balance, the lg[P]T-pH diagram of hydroxyapatite in the system of P-Ca-H2O is plotted on the basis of thermodynamic data at 298K and 373K. The thermodynamics condition of hydroxyapatite decomposition is analyzed by thermodynamic equilibrium diagram. The analysis results show that the pH value of solution is a very important factor for the decomposition of hydroxyapatite, and hydroxyapatite can be decomposed on the acid or alkaline condistions. In addition, reaction temperature also has important effect on the hydroxyapatite decomposition. In the acid solution, low reaction temperature can facilitate the decomposition of hydroxyapatite. But in the alkaline conditions, high temperature is beneficial to the decomposition. On the base of thermodynamics analysis results, the verification experiments are carried out on same decomposition conditions. The experimental results accords with the theoretical analysis. The theoretical analysis can guide the research of removing phosphorus from high-phosphorus iron ores.
ZnO/ZnO-Bi2O3 Nanocomposite as an Anode Material for Ni-Zn Rechargeable Battery
Authors: Huang Hui , Gu Sai Jun , Gan Yong Ping , Tao Xin Yong , Zhang Wen Kui
Published: December 2011

A novel ZnO/ZnO-Bi2O3 nanocomposite was prepared by a homogeneous precipitation method. The nucleation sites, namely ZnO-Bi2O3 particles with nominal chemical composition of (ZnO)0.94(Bi2O3)0.06, were prepared by ball milling and subsequent annealing treatment. The as-synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, SEM and electrochemical measurements. Compared with single ZnO, the ZnO/ZnO-Bi2O3 nanocomposite show better cycling stability and higher discharge capacity. When the content of ZnO-Bi2O3 was 15 wt.%, the discharge capacity of ZnO/ZnO-Bi2O3 nanocomposite hardly declined over 60 cycling test, the average discharge capacity reached 590.2 mAh g−1. Cyclic voltammograms clearly illuminated that the added ZnO-Bi2O3 particles could decrease electrode polarization, maintain the electrochemical activity, and enhance the discharge capacity of ZnO.
Electrochemical Reaction Mechanism of Tiron in Acidic Aqueous Solution
Authors: Xu Yan , Wen Yue Hua , Cheng Jie , Cao Gao Ping , Yang Yu Sheng
Published: December 2011

Electrochemical oxidation of tiron in the presence of H2O as a nucleophile in strongly acidic aqueous solutions was studied by cyclic voltammetry, controlled-voltage coulometry and spectrometric investigations. The mechanism of electrochemical reaction is confirmed by spectrophotometric tracing in various times of controlled-voltage coulometry. The voltammetric and spectrophotometric foundations indicate that a 1,4-Michael addition of H2O from its hydroxy moiety to the position 4 of electrochemically derived o-quinone is occurred. The electrochemical oxidation and reduction of tiron has been successfully accomplished by controlled-voltage coulometry in a redox flow-through type cell and the final electro-reduced product was characterized by spectrophotometric, 1H NMR and mass spectrometric methods. It is demonstrated that the electro-oxidation of tiron follows an ECE mechanism in acidic aqueous solutions, leading to formation of a new compound of para- benzoquinone derivative.
One-Step Synthesis of Asphalt Based Li3V2(PO4)3/C Nanocomposites as Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Wen Kui , Zhao Bin , Xia Yang , Zhou Xiao Zheng , Huang Hui , Zeng Hui Juan , Gan Yong Ping , Tao Xin Yong
Published: December 2011

A new kind of cathode materials, Li3V2(PO4)3/C nanocomposites, has been prepared via one-step solid-state reaction using ultra low-cost asphalt as both reduction agents and carbon sources. The asphalt is contained 60.37% of fixed carbon and 0.18% of other impurity.It is purchased from Zhen jiang Xin Guang Metallurgical Subsidiary Material Plant. Structural analysis shows that the obtained Li3V2(PO4)3/C nanocomposites contain abundant Li3V2(PO4)3 nanorods and micro/nano particles encapsulate with carbon shells. The Li3V2(PO4)3/C nanocomposites achieve enhanced dischargeability, reversibility, and cycleability. Electrochemical tests show that the Li3V2(PO4)3/C nanocomposite has initial discharge capacities of 170 mAhg-1 at 0.1C in the voltage range of 3.0 to 4.8 V. The improved electrochemical properties of the Li3V2(PO4)3/C nanocomposites are attributed to the presence of Li3V2(PO4)3/C nanorods and the electronically conductive carbon shell. This one-step solid state reaction using low-cost asphalt as carbon sources is feasible for the preparation of the Li3V2(PO4)3/C nanocomposites which can offer favorable properties for commercial applications.
The Preparation of Sugarcane Bagasse Microcrystaline Cellulose in Subcritical Water/CO2
Authors: Huang Kelin , Wang Ben , Peng Xiao Yu , Wang Ze Fen , Li Ke Xian , Wu Rui , Wang Jin Shu
Published: December 2011

Sugarcane bagasse microcrystalline cellulose (SBMC) was first prepared under subcritical Water/CO2 by degradation of sugarcane bagasse cellulose (SBC). The obtained products were characterized by FT-IR, XRD and TGA and the results showed that the amorphous parts of SBC was easily decomposed, and yet the crystal parts kept a good form all along during the degradation, which demonstrated SBMC had good thermal stability. Furthermore, the reaction temperature, reaction time, reaction pressure and liquid-solid ratio were systematically investigated during the work. The optimum reaction conditions are as follows: the reaction temperature was 200°C; the reaction time was 60 min; the reaction pressure was 2 MPa and the liquid-solid ratio was 40:1.
Enhancing Current of Microbial Fuel Cell by Modifying Ionic Liquid-Doped Polyaniline Film onto Graphite Anode
Authors: Zhang En Ren , Zhang Yong Cai
Published: December 2011

The electrochemical interaction between bacteria and electrode should be further strengthened at the present stage in order to develop microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to practical power sources. Developing effective anode materials is an alternative to achieving this goal. In this study, the redox activity of polyaniline (PAn) in neutral pH solution was improved by doping ionic liquid (IL) into the synthesized PAn; and the current output of MFC could be enhanced by using IL doped polyaniline (PAnIL) film as anode material. Both cyclic voltermmeter (CV) measurement and MFC operation showed that PAnIL electrochemically synthesized in solution with 30%(v/v) IL addition exhibited the best performance.
Lead Ion and Tetrabutylammonium Bromide as Inhibitors of the Spongy Growth of Zinc in Single Flow Zinc/Nickel Batteries
Authors: Wen Yue Hua , Wang Tian , Cheng Jie , Pan Jun Qing , Cao Gao Ping , Yang Yu Sheng
Published: December 2011

The effectiveness of lead ion and tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) as inhibitors of spongy zinc deposits from flowing zincate solutions has been testified. To assess the efficacy of the two additives, current–time technique using potentiostatic electro-deposition, scanning electron microscopy and cycling test were undertaken. The results show that the spongy growth of zinc can be effectively inhibited by the individual addition of 10-4M Pb(II) or TBAB at the cathodic potential (η=-100mV). But, the dual addition of 10-4M Pb(II) and 5×10-5M TBAB produces more effective suppression on spongy zinc deposits. Obvious synergistic effect of Pb(II) and TBAB on the spongy inhibition of zinc electrode is found in flowing electrolytes. From the charge/discharge cycling tests of the single flow Zn-Ni test cells, it is shown that the rechargeability of deposited Zn anode is highly improved by the mixed introduction of 10-4M Pb(II) and 5×10-5M TBAB.
Evaluation and Optimization of Favorable Blocks for Coalbed Methane Exploration and Development in Jiaozuo Mining Area
Authors: Gao Bao Bin , Mi Xiang Fan , Zhang Rui Lin
Published: December 2011

Evaluation and optimization of coalbed methane favorable blocks is a very important basic work in the process of coalbed methane exploration and development, and the study results directly decide the success or failure of coalbed methane development. Firstly the thesis took Jiaozuo mining area as an example and set up an evaluation index system on favorable block of coal-bed methane development based on fuzzy mathematics theory, secondly a quantitative and comprehensive evaluation program were proposed, and made a comprehensive evaluation of coalbed methane favorable blocks of Jiaozuo mining area lastly. Evaluation results direct that the exploration and development of coalbed methane in Jiaozuo mining area are better and also have some reference value for the evaluation of favorable blocks in other similar areas.
Study on Desorption of Ethanol-Loaded Activated Carbon by Microwave Irradiation under N2 Condition
Authors: Feng Quan Li , Lian Ming Lei , Wang Xue Qian , Ning Ping
Published: December 2011

Granular activated carbon is used in adsorption of low concentration ethanol in water, and the saturated carbon is desorbed by microwave irradiation under N2 condition for recovery of the ethanol and regeneration of the activated carbon. Through the study on microwave desorption of ethanol-loaded activated carbon under N2 condition, the following conclusions can be drawn. The highest value of the ethanol concentration appears quicker and higher when the microwave power is stronger. For example, the highest value appears before 80s when the microwave power is 320W; the ethanol-loaded activated carbon can be desorbed nearly completely after 120s when the microwave power is not weaker than 320W; the microwave power has an important effect on the outlet concentration curve of ethanol, and it is an important factor that affects the results of microwave desorption; After three processes of activated carbon adsorption and microwave desorption under N2 condition, the concentration of ethanol can come up to over than 94%～95% from 4%～8%. This paper sets forth the process and principle for microwave desorption of ethanol-loaded activated carbon under N2 condition.
Preparation, Microstructure and Application of Sulfuric Acid Activated Fly Ash Photocatalyst
Authors: Qiu Man De , Zhai Yong Qing , Bai Guo Yi , Peng Feng
Published: December 2011

The microstructure and main components of fly ash determined its physical and chemical properties, and also related to the comprehensive utilization of fly ash. Based on the activated and modified by acid and alkali fusion method, the specific surface area, phase, surface microstructure and X-ray micro-analysis of the original and actived fly ash was evaluated by BET, XRD, SEM and EDS. At the same time, titanium dioxide photocatalyst supported on the modified fly ash was prepared and applied on the decolorization of dye wastewater. The results showed that sulfuric acid modification could obviously improve the ratio of surface area, microstructure and phase composition of the activated fly ash. The initial concentration of 20mg /L and pH = 6 of acidic red B simulated wastewater was chosen as the target solution to test the obtained photocatalyst. The decolorization rate was over 85% when the loading amount was 20% and decoloring time was 120 minutes.
Study on Resistance Characteristics for Small Gap Annular Channe
Authors: Yi Deng Li , Feng Dian Yi , Yan Shao Feng
Published: December 2011

The resistance characteristic of narrow ring runner fluid with the clearance of 0.5 ~ 2.5 mm is studied by the experiment and numerical simulation methods in this paper. The collection and monitoring of data by computer are conducted with the use of Forcecontrol soft 6.0, the pressure difference under different clearance and flow is measured. Using MATLAB, data is dealt with as well as four groups of relation curves between friction factor and Reynolds number are drafted, providing the basis for quantitative research.
Numerical Simulation of Cross-Flow Vacuum Membrane Distillation and Characteristics Analysis
Authors: Li Chang , Li Bao An , Wang Shi Chang
Published: December 2011

The mechanism of cross-flow vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) was discussed in this paper, and the coupled process of heat and mass transfer in numerical simulation was realized by writing user defined function (UDF). The numerical simulation results of membrane flux were well agree with experimental data. The membrane flux in various conditions of feed velocity, feed inlet temperature and vacuum degree was obtained in numerical simulation. Around the cross-section of a single hollow fiber, velocity distribution was approximately symmetrical; TPC and heat transfer coefficient distribution are consistent.
Study on Effective Storage Time of Constant Viscosity Natural Rubber
Authors: Zhang Bei Long , Deng Wei Yong , Huang Hong Hai , Ding Li , Wang Yong Zhou , Wang Ping Yue
Published: December 2011

The effective storage time (i.e. storage life) of constant viscosity natural rubbers prepared with hydroxylamine hydrochloride, hydroxylammonium sulphate, hydrazine hydrate, aniline and semicarbazide hydrochloride respectively were investigated with heat accelerated storage aging combined with differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) method as well as the heat aging life equation. The results show that the effective storage time of constant viscosity natural rubber prepared with hydroxylamine hydrochloride is 19.2 years at 30°C, 39.4 years at 25°C and 82.9 years at 20°C. The effective storage time of constant viscosity natural rubber prepared with hydroxylammonium sulphate is 16.3 years at 30°C, 32.6 years at 25°C and 66.5 years at 20°C. The effective storage time of constant viscosity natural rubber prepared with hydrazine hydrate is 42.5 years at 30°C, 85.9 years at 25°C and 177.9 years at 20°C. The effective storage time of constant viscosity natural rubber prepared with aniline is 30.4 years at 30°C, 66.7 years at 25°C and 150.2 years at 20°C. The effective storage time of constant viscosity natural rubber prepared with semicarbazide hydrochloride is 13.5 years at 30°C, 27.4 years at 25°C and 57.1 years at 20°C.
Voltage Reversal during Stacking Microbial Fuel Cells with or without Diodes
Authors: Zhu Neng Wu , Chen Xi , Tu Li Xing , Wu Ping Xiao , Dang Zhi
Published: December 2011

Stacking microbial fuel cells (MFCs) in series can provide higher voltage; however, voltage reversal (VR) adversely affects performance of the stacked MFCs. In this paper, diodes are introduced into three stacked MFCs so as to investigate the VR behavior and offer a diodes-based explanation of the VR. The results show that VR occurs in the different stacked MFCs systems. VR of the stacked MFCs connected with forward diodes (～0.37 V) happens in a similar pattern as that without diodes (～0.80 V). However, it only happens at the end of a cycle. This can be analyzed that the resistance of the diodes consume a part of the flowing electrons and the speed of potential changes of the electrodes slows down. Differently, in the stacked MFCs connected with reverse diodes, the voltages of each unit MFC approximately equal their open circuit voltages (～0.75 V), and VR happens in the unit MFC with reverse diodes at the cathode end only. It implies that the imbalanced consumption of electrons in unit MFCs and the potential changes of specific electrode directly result in VR.
Synthesis and Application of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Flocculant
Authors: Li Lei , Wang Guang Hua , Li Wen Bing , Liu Wen Min , Liu Qi , Yang Shu Qin , Chen Kun , Wang Xiao Shuang , Li Jing
Published: December 2011

A series of inorganic-organic hybrid flocculants were synthesized by using aluminum chloride, ferric chloride, polyacrylamide (neutral & cationic) and polydimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride as raw materials. Effect of mass ratio of inorganic and organic polymeric flocculant, basicity, categories of inorganic and organic polymeric flocculant on the regeneration of coking wastewater was investigated. The results showed that the optimum conditions of preparation the title hybrid flocculant were: mass ratio 100, basicity 1.5, inorganic polymeric flocculant PAFC and organic polymeric flocculant CPAM. The removals of CODCr and chroma were 43.48% and 71.88%, respectively, when the pH of raw water was approximately 7 and the dose of flocculant was 360 mg•L–1.
Effect of Water-Saving Irrigation on CH4 Emissions from Rice Fields
Authors: Li Dao Xi
Published: December 2011

Although water saving irrigation (WSI) has been widely used in China, there is limited understanding on the effect of such a practice on the CH4 emission in rice fields. Consequently it is difficult to estimate the regionSubscript textal distribution of CH4 emissions in space and time from rice fields across China. Two water treatments (controlled irrigation (CI), a routine WSI practice in China, and a traditional continuous flooded irrigation (FI)) were used to examine diurnal and seasonal variations of CH4 emissions in field experiments in Kunshan, east China. The heavy loams in the site have organic matter content of 30.3 g/kg while percolation rates in the shallow groundwater range from 2 to 10 mm per day. Gas samples were collected and analyzed using a static chamber technique and a Gas Chromatograph system respectively. The results show that under WSI conditions, the diurnal variation of CH4 emissions presented regular afternoon-maximum mode during the initial and middle tillering stage, which mainly depends on air temperature. Only one peak of CH4 emission occurred in initial/middle tillering growth stage of rice season under CI conditions, which is mainly regulated by drainage or water layer receding. For CI, seasonal CH4 emission is 2.4 g•m-2~24.5g•m-2, and the seasonal average flux is 0.8 mg•m-2•h-1~8.15 mg•m-2•h-1, which is 39-85% lower than that for FI. CI has more mitigation potential than midseason drainage. Furthermore, CI significantly reduces irrigation water use while maintains rice yields, even increases yields under atrocious weather conditions. A hydrologic characterization and spatial distribution of rice field in China is needed to assess the extent and magnitude of potential emission reduction in the region.
Fermentation of Brewers’ Spent Grain by Effective Microorganisms to Produce Proteins Feed
Authors: Ding Cheng , Li Zhao Xia , Fang Bo , Yan Jin Long
Published: December 2011

Deep fermentation of brewer's spent grain (BSG) can improve its feeding effectiveness, and it is also an effective way to solve the problem of shortage of proteins source. The interrelated factors affecting the productivity of proteins in fermentation process by effective microorganisms (EM), such as inoculum size, temperature, initial pH and time, were studied and the technique to produce protein feed was also optimized by a serial of single factors and orthogonal design tests. Results showed that the optimal conditions were 4 % of inoculum size, 28 °C of fermentation temperature, 4.0 of initial pH and 3 d of the fermentation time. Under the obtained optimum fermentation conditions, the content of crude proteins increased by 24.48 % and the content of crude fiber decreased by 17.45 % compared with the control experiment. The increased content of proteins indicated the added-value products in animal feed and the significance in its disposal as an environmental problem.
Disposal of Mixed-Organic Wastes by Continuous High-Temperature Composting
Authors: Zhao Feng Wu , Liang Jian Ping , Wang Gui Rong , Li Xiao Ming
Published: December 2011

The present investigation was conducted to degrade mixed-organic wastes using composting with the optimal parameters of pH, temperature, the ratio of carbon and nitrogen (C/N), moisture and oxygen contents. All these procedures can be carried out within a period of 30 days. After composting, we recorded decreases in total heavy metal contents and ascarid-egg mortality, significant increases of the humus, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents and the microorganism numbers in the compost. Furthermore, 6 strains of thermophilic bacterial were isolated from the produced compost. On the basis of their small-subunit ribosomal RNA-encoding DNA (rDNA) sequences and in comparison with authentic strains, the 6 strains were identified as belonging to Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus species and thereby concluded to be the dominant microflora in the composting process.
A Preliminary Study on the near Infrared Spectral Characteristics of Purchased Flue-Cured Tobacco
Authors: Zhang Ying , He Li Yuan
Published: December 2011

In order to explore the application of near-infrared spectrum technology in the grading of purchased flue-cured tobacco, positive group of flue-cured tobacco with different grades was gathered; the near-infrared spectral data across different grades, in the same grade, and different test zones of the same tobacco leaf were determined and acquired to analyze their near-infrared spectral characteristics and their representativeness. The findings indicated that the positive group of flue-cured tobacco was highly homogeneous; there was identical near-infrared spectral characteristics in any zone of the same tobacco leaf; the peaks and troughs of wave length of the near-infrared spectral characteristics of different samples with identical grade were also consistent, with extremely insignificant difference in reflectivity; the near-infrared spectral difference between the tobacco leaves with different grades was much more significant than that in different test zones of the same tobacco leaf. It was highly probable to take the reflectance ratio of the peaks and troughs of wave length as the standard for grade classification. It is feasible to appraise the quality of purchased flue-cured tobacco using near-infrared spectral data.
Research on Treatment of Schoolyard Domestic Sewage with Accelerator for Biological Reaction
Authors: Lan Li Hong , Lan Ping , Xie Tao , Liao An Ping
Published: December 2011

Abstract. Sufficient dissolved oxygen (DO) is one of the important factors on the treatment of contaminated water by using aerobic microbes. So that oxygen transfer becomes one of the hot spots on the research and development of the wastewater treatment engineering. Oxygen transfering is intensified by the accelerator for biological reaction. In this paper, the schoolyard domestic sewage was processed by the method of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) activated sludge processing. Some important factors, e.g. the dosage of the accelerator for biological reaction, and the effect of the aeration time and intensity on the CODCr removal efficiency have been investigated, the optimum conditions have been chosen.
The Effect of Microwave on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Cassava Starch
Authors: Lan Ping , Li Dong Xue , Chen A Ming , Lan Li Hong , Xie Tao , Liao An Ping
Published: December 2011

Starch is a kind of natural polymers and belongs to the renewable resources. Starch grain in the interior has crystallization area and non-crystalline area where the chemical reactions occur. In this paper, the effect of microwave cassava starch on the physical and chemical properties and characterizated by infrared spectrum and scan electrical microscope (SEM) was investigated. The transparency increase, the viscosity reduce and the anti-sedimentation enhanced after microwave action on tapioca starch. The result of infrared spectrum and scan electrical microscope shows that the original basic structure of cassava starch by microwave has not been damaged but the crystalline structure has been destroyed, which results in the reducing of the crystallinity of starch, the increasing of the contact area of particles and reaction reagents and the improving of the reaction activities .
Determination of Hydrargyrum and Arsenic in Tap Water of Chongqing University Town and Human Health Risk Assessment
Authors: Ren Ling Yan , Xu Gang
Published: December 2011

Hydrargyrum(Hg) and arsenic(As) in tap water of Chongqing University Town were detected by the X-atomic fluorescence spectrometry, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)-supported Health Risk Assessment Model was used for evaluating the potential health risk to surrounding residents caused by Hg and As in tap water. The results showed that the average concentration of Hg and As in tap water of this region were 0.6323μg/L and 20.1237μg/L respectively, wherein the Hg content was lower than the national Standards for Drinking Quality (GB5749-2006), but the As content exceeded its stipulated level, the annual personal risk level of health hazard caused by Hg and As by the way of drinking water were 2.840×10-8•a-l and 1.350×10-4•a-l, wherein Hg would not cause apparent harm to exposure population, while As was higher than the maximum acceptable risk level by the way of drinking water（5×10-5•a-l）recommended by the International Committee on Radiological Protection (ICRP).
The Mixing Characteristics of Powder Injected through Top Lance in RH Degasser
Authors: Du Cheng Wu , Ma He Li , Li Li Ying , Yin Xue Liang
Published: December 2011

With the increasing demand for high quality steel, various secondary refining techniques have been developed in the past decades. RH powder top blowing process (RH-PTB) is practiced in industry to decrease the impurity content of steel in a more economical way. In the present work, based on similarity theory, RH powder top blowing process was simulated by water model, and the effects of operating parameters on mixing time were investigated. The results show that the injected powder had a negligible effect on mixing time in RH-PTB, and the mixing time increases with top lance gas flowrate and decreases with lifting gas flowrate of up-leg. It was found that the mixing time was no longer decreasing as the lifting gas flowrate was over 15 L/min. Moreover, the height of top lance has some effect on mixing time in the reactor, and it should be adjusted to specific circumstances for purposes.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Copper (II) Complex Derived from N-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin)-N’-(ethoxycarbonyl)thiourea
Authors: Ren Ying Hui , Ma Hai Xia , Xu Kang Zhen , Huang Jie , Zhang Du Bei , Song Ji Rong
Published: December 2011

A new copper(Ⅱ) complex derived from N-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin)-N’-(ethoxycarbonyl) thiourea was synthesized. The crystal is of monoclinic, P21/n, a=10.228(2), b= 11.429(2), c= 13.390(3) Ǻ, β =104.05(3)º, V=1518.3(5) Ǻ3 and Z = 2. Its crystal and molecular structure shows two N-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin)-N’-(ethoxycarbonyl)thiourea molecules coordinate to copper(Ⅱ) through single dentate of the nitrogen atom.
Study on the Surface Modification of Potassium Titanate Whisker
Authors: Yun Shan , Song Qian Qian , Gao Dan Dan , Qian Gui Min , Zhao Dong Mei
Published: December 2011

The surface of potassium titanate whisker (PTW) was coated with Al2O3 derived from NaAlO2 solution via a liquid deposition method, and coupling agent KH570 was used to treat the surface of Al2O3 coated PTW. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and surface contact angle measurement were used to characterize the effect of surface modification. The results showed that the surface of PTW was uniformly coated by Al2O3 nanoparticles. After modified by KH570, the modified Al2O3/PTW showed better dispersion in ethanol solvent and the surface of modified Al2O3/PTW became more hydrophobic-lipophilic than that of modified uncoated PTW. It is indicated that the modified Al2O3/PTW could be dispersed much better than the modified uncoated PTW in organic phase.
Reviews and Prospects of Structural Energy-Saving of Main Fan Diffuser
Authors: Wang Hai Qiao , Chen Shi Qiang , Li Yi Qun
Published: December 2011

Main fan diffuser is equipment of energy-recycling for main fan. On the basis of technology situation of main fan, in the view of structural energy-saving of main fan diffuser, new way of energy-saving of main fan is discussed, and consisting diffusers and their technology level of structural energy-saving are summarized, and common problems of structural energy-saving of diffuser are deduced out, and consisting realization approaches of structural energy-saving of diffuser are reviewed, and technology approaches of structural energy-saving in related fields are overviewed. From the above, problems of needing to explore is prospected for structural energy-saving of main fan diffuser.
The Distribution Characteristics of Fine Particles by Flow Cytometry in the Yangtze Estuary and the Adjacent East China Sea
Authors: Guo Pei Yong , Li Shi Xiong , Wang Jin Ming , Li Qing Hua
Published: December 2011

The fine particles play a major role not only in complex processes of estuarine area but also in the distribution, transfer and transformation of pollutants in the estuarine environment. In this study, fine particles were detected and analyzed by flow cytometry in the Yangtze Estuary and the adjacent East China Sea. Two groups of organic autotrophic particles (R1 and R2) were detected by flow cytometry analysis. Another group of R3 was organic but nonliving, or inorganic particles. Particles of R1 and R2 only represent between 0.18% and 3.16% of total particles at the sampling stations. Particles of R3 dominated the estuarine stations. Their concentration had large fluctuations. We observed a seaward decrease in the number of organic nonliving particles and inorganic particles. Flow cytometry made it possible that study on the dynamics of fine particles. It is important in discovering the transfer mechanism and environmental behavior of fine particles in the estuarine area.
Residential Building Products Evaluation of Towns and Villages Based on Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Liu Tian Bo , Luan Fang Jun , Sun Li Mei
Published: December 2011

Product evaluation is the basis for product decisions，and it is also the basis for the correct formulation of the product strategy. The product quality of rural residential buildings related to the pace of building new socialist countryside, to improve product quality, to establish product fuzzy logic-based evaluation model, and through case demonstrates the feasibility and value.
Study on Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Property of FeZrMo Heteropoly Salt with Keggin Structure
Authors: Zhang Zhi Hong , Xue Feng
Published: December 2011

A new heteropoly salt with Keggin structure of the 1:1:11 series has been synthesized by the aqueous solution method, and structurally characterized by SEM, TG/DTA,IR,UV and XRD. The results from the experiment showed that the molar ratio of Fe, Zr and Mo accord with 1:1:11, the molecular formula was Na5[Fe(ZrMo11O39)]•19H2O( Abbrev.FeZrMo),it possessed Keggin structure and had good thermostability. The heteropoly salt was used as the catalyst to degrade the acidic-green B(Abbrev. AGB) dye wastewater, the degradation rate could reach 84.49%.
Influence of Loading Rate on Uniaxial Compression Test of Rock Specimen with Random Joints
Authors: Xie Bing , Guo Jin Jun , Xia Xiang
Published: December 2011

Numerical specimens with ramdom joints is established by particle flow code PFC2D and uniaxial compression tests are conducted under three different loading rate. Studies have shown that strength of uniaxial compression are all increased with the loading rate no matter what specimen is complete or with random joints. The sensitivity of changes of uniaxial compressive strength of specimen with random joints decreases with increasing of the loading rate.