bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transport Phenomena during Liquid Si-Induced 4H-SiC Surface Structuring in a Sandwich Configuration
Authors: Jousseaume Yann , Cauwet François , Ferro Gabriel
Published: May 2023

4H-SiC/Si(liq)/4H-SiC stacks were treated at 1550-1600°C under H2 in a RF-heated cold-wall reactor in order to generate macrosteps-structuring of the 4°off SiC(0001) wafers. Using 400 μm thick liquid Si, the observed important matter transport from the edges to the center of the same wafer was attributed to RF-induced convection rolls inside the thick liquid Si. When the liquid thickness was reduced down to 30 μm, the matter transport followed this time the vertical thermal gradient like in the case of liquid phase epitaxy. The dissolution rate of the bottom (hotter) wafer was found to increase from 1.7 μm/h at 1550°C to 3.3 μm/h at 1600°C. The use of H2 gas was found essential to the system since it does not generate gas trapping (unlike Ar) and it participates to the creation of the vertical thermal gradient.
Heptachlor Epoxide -Pesticide- Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Nano Zero Valent Iron: Operating Conditions, Response Surface Methodology, and Artificial Intelligence Neural Networks
Authors: Mahmoud Nouran Y. , Mahmoud Ahmed S.
Published: May 2023

There are many studies that detail how hazardous pesticides are to aquatic life, plants, animals, and humans, but there are fewer that describe how pesticides are treated during a separate treatment procedure. This study, which examines the removal of the highly toxic pesticide "heptachlor epoxide", is crucial to achieving SDG 6. Under operational circumstances, the prepared green nanoiron was successfully synthesized and characterized for the removal of heptachlor epoxide from aqueous solutions. For starting heptachlor epoxide concentrations of 100 and 10 μg/L at neutral medium pH 7, 0.8 g/L of green nZVI for 80 min, and a 200 RPM stirring rate, the removal efficiency varied between 55 and 100%, respectively. The RSM results indicated that the model R2 was 94.6%, and all operating conditions were significant to describe the removal efficiency with a p-value <0.05. The linear regression histogram indicated that the variation between expected and experimental removal efficiency ranged between (-1, 1%). The ANNs results by using MLP with network 6-3-1 indicated that nZVI was able to reduce heptachlor epoxide concentrations with a Sum of Squares Error of 0.052 for training and 0.177 for testing. Also, the ANNs described the importance of operating conditions and indicated that the most effective operating conditions were dose and less important was stirring rate, showing agreement with the obtained RSM results. Finally, this paper recommended using nZVI for heptachlor epoxide removal. Keywords Environmental toxicology; climate action; SDG 6; nanotechnology; pesticide removal; Heptachlor epoxide.
Rapid Thermal Annealing Process Toward Enhancement of ITO Thin Films
Authors: Mohd Asri Rahil Izzati , Hamzah Nur Atiqah , Ahmad Mohd Anas , Md. Sahar Mohd Ann Amirul Zulffiqal , Che Seliman Muhd Azi , Abdullah Mundzir , Hassan Zainuriah
Published: May 2023

Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films with 100 nm thickness were successfully deposited on soda-lime glass substrates by metal oxide electron beam evaporation at room temperature. The deposited films were post annealed via rapid thermal processor (RTP) in vacuum environment at 400 to 550 °C. All deposited ITO thin films were studied on the structural, electrical, and optical properties. Results showed that the post annealing treatment by RTP improved the crystallinity, increased crystallite size, and increased surface roughness values. Higher RTP post annealing temperature also enhanced the electrical performance that led to higher transmittance of ITO thin films.
Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Prepared from Pomegranate Peel Extracts and its Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Sobhy Neama Ahmed , Ahmed Hussein M. , El-Khateeb Mohamed A.
Published: May 2023

To investigate the efficiency of silver nanoparticles synthesized by the green method, and evaluate their antibacterial activity. The green method was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) from silver nitrate salt, and pomegranate peel extract (P) as a reducing agent. The synthesized Ag NPs were characterized by UV–visible spectrophotometer (UV–Vis), X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The UV–Vis spectra displayed a resonance peak at 386 nm, equivalent to P-Ag NPs, and the FT-IR spectra confirmed the association of biological molecules from the extract in the synthesis process. The SEM image data confirmed the round and circular nature of Ag NPs. The EDX data presented the elemental configuration with a solid peak at 65 KeV that matched the silver. The antibacterial study of the synthesized nanoparticles was investigated by the agar diffusion method. We examined the antibacterial activity of biologically medicated silver nanoparticles against microbial strains of E. coli. The findings indicate that different doses (5, 10, and 15 μg) of Ag NPs synthesized by silver nitrate aided by pomegranate peel extract demonstrate vigorous antibacterial activity against E. coli bacteria. At a dose of 5 μg, the inhibition zone was neglected, but at doses of 10, 15 μg there was significant bacterial growth inhibition around the Ag NPs. Bacterial growth was effectively inhibited by the Ag NPs produced.
Using the Rods as Collector and Study of its Effect on Morphology and Uniformity of Nanofibers via Electrospinning
Authors: Al-Hazeem Nabeel Z. , Mohammad Sabah M. , Hassan Zainuriah , Naser Hameed
Published: May 2023

Nanotechnology research has lacked to provide new studies on nanofibers using the electrospinning method, the reasons are attributed that all parameters have been covered by previous studies. Believing that science is in a state of constant renewal leads to the possibility to study a parameter that has not been studied before, which affects the morphology of nanofibers. One of the disadvantages of nanofibers manufacturing is the formation of beads, and controlling the parameter helps reduce these beads. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images reveal the formation of nanofibers and surface topography observations by atom force microscopy (AFM) indicates that the roughness is improved by changing the distance between rods of the collector. The rods function as a collector for nanofibers, changing this parameter improves the morphology and diameter of the nanofibers.
Understanding the spatial non-stationarity in the relationships between malaria incidence and environmental risk factors using Geographically Weighted Random Forest: A case study in Rwanda.
Authors: Nduwayezu Gilbert , Zhao Pengxiang , Kagoyire Clarisse , Eklund Lina , Bizimana Jean Pierre , Pilesjo Petter , Mansourian Ali
Published: May 2023

As found in the health studies literature, the levels of climate association between epidemiological diseases have been found to vary across regions. Therefore, it seems reasonable to allow for the possibility that relationships might vary spatially within regions. We implemented the geographically weighted random forest (GWRF) machine learning method to analyze ecological disease patterns caused by spatially non-stationary processes using a malaria incidence dataset for Rwanda. We first compared the geographically weighted regression (WGR), the global random forest (GRF), and the geographically weighted random forest (GWRF) to examine the spatial non-stationarity in the non-linear relationships between malaria incidence and their risk factors. We used the Gaussian areal kriging model to disaggregate the malaria incidence at the local administrative cell level to understand the relationships at a fine scale since the model goodness of fit was not satisfactory to explain malaria incidence due to the limited number of sample values. Our results show that in terms of the coefficients of determination and prediction accuracy, the geographical random forest model performs better than the GWR and the global random forest model. The coefficients of determination of the geographically weighted regression (R2), the global RF (R2), and the GWRF (R2) were 4.74, 0.76, and 0.79, respectively. The GWRF algorithm achieves the best result and reveals that risk factors (rainfall, land surface temperature, elevation, and air temperature) have a strong non-linear relationship with the spatial distribution of malaria incidence rates, which could have implications for supporting local initiatives for malaria elimination in Rwanda.
Temporal and spatial analyses of colorectal cancer incidence in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wiranata Juan Adrian , Puspitaningtyas Herindita , Hutajulu Susanna Hilda , Fachiroh Jajah , Anggorowati Nungki , Sanjaya Guardian Yoki , Lazuardi Lutfan , Sripan Patumrat
Published: May 2023

We aimed to explore the district-level temporal dynamics and sub-district level geographical variations of colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. We performed a cross-sectional study using data from the Yogyakarta population-based cancer registry (PBCR) comprised of 1,593 CRC cases diagnosed in 2008-2019. The age-standardized rates (ASRs) were determined using 2014 population data. The temporal trend and geographical distribution of cases were analysed using joinpoint regression and Moran’s I statistics. During 2008-2019, CRC incidence increased by 13.44% annually. Joinpoints were identified in 2014 and 2017, which were also the periods when annual percentage change (APC) was the highest throughout the observation periods (18.84). Significant APC changes were observed in all districts, with the highest in Kota Yogyakarta (15.57). The ASR of CRC incidence per 100,000 person- years was 7.03 in Sleman, 9.20 in Kota Yogyakarta, and 7.07 in Bantul district. We found a regional variation of CRC ASR with a concentrated pattern of hotspots in the central sub-districts of the catchment areas and a significant positive spatial autocorrelation of CRC incidence rates in the province (I=0.581, p<0.001). The analysis identified four high-high clusters sub-districts in the central catchment areas. This is the first Indonesian study reported from PBCR data, showing an increased annual CRC incidence during an extensive observation period in the Yogyakarta region. A heterogeneous distribution map of CRC incidence is included. These findings may serve as basis for CRC screening implementation and healthcare services improvement.
Stunting incident prevention: a systematic literature review
Authors: Fadmi Fitri R. , Kuntoro Kuntoro , Widjanarko Otok Bambang , Melaniani Soenarnatalina
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Stunting incident prevention is important to ensure the quality of the future generation. With excellent future generations, Indonesia can compete with other nations and survive future challenges. Unfortunately, some provinces in Indonesia still had high stunting incident prevalence. The aim of this study is to provide information about the influential contributors of stunting incidents qualitatively and quantitatively and to provide recommendations for stunting incident prevention. Materials and Methods: The researchers applied for a systematic literature review with a modified PRISMA procedure. The third criterion was that the articles had to be non-systematic literature review articles, published from 2017 until 2022. Results: This process eventually led to 20 relevant articles: 15 quantitative articles and 3 qualitative articles. From the reviewed quantitative and qualitative research articles, the researchers found twelve influential factors of stunting incidents. Among these twelve factors, the reviewing results found two top factors with OR values more than 12 times. They were family income, the number of children and the ages of the children. Conclusions: The researchers found that the most prominent factors of stunting incidents during the observations in qualitative research were parent education, early marriage, dietary system, economic and social status. Although statistically, the top influential factors were family income and the number of children, and ages of children, the minor contributors must be considered. On the other hand, the efforts to improve parent education require interventions from the government.
Cure rate and survival time of COVID-19 patients by family support accompaniment: a semiparametric mixture cure model
Authors: Wijono Heru , Soenarnatalina Melaniani , Kuntoro Kuntoro , Zakaria Zainul A. , Made Oka
Published: May 2023

Background. Since the first outbreak of COVID-19, most hospitals restricted patients’ family support accompaniment during medical treatment of infectious transmission. On the other hand, accompaniment has also been recognized as an essential part of the treatment. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of family presence accompanying COVID-19 patients during hospitalization on the recovery rate and survival time.Objective: this study was conducted in a private hospital designated as a referral hospital for COVID-19 cases in Surabaya, East Java province, Indonesia.Materials and Methods: There were 541 COVID-19 patients included in the study, consisting of 251 women and 290 men. The requirements set as a sample are patients treated between January 1st 2021 and March 31st 2021. This study used a survival analysis study design. The data used is secondary data and uses total sampling.Results: The result of this study is that patients who get support from their families can survive longer than patients who do not get family support. Among the 251 female samples, only 34 were accompanied by their families, with 29.411% fatalities recorded. Among 290 male patients, 25.71% fatalities were recorded in 35 accompanying family presence. Furthermore, female patients have a probability of better outcomes than males (P0.001).Conclusions: Based on these results, family presence has the benefit of improving outcomes and recovery. So, the authorities are expected to reconsider the restrictions on family presence by maintaining proper safety protocols of isolation and quarantine.
A cross-sectional study: a hypertension screening model using digital tensimeter as the gold standard at public health centre in Gianyar Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia
Authors: Purnawan I. N. , Widati Sri , Wahyuni Chatarina U.
Published: May 2023

The number of patients with hypertension in Gianyar Regency tent to increase in recent years. Hypertension is the first among the tenth rank from the most common diseases, with 23% cases according to the priority scale. Hypertension treatment and management include prevention, early diagnosis, diagnosis with therapy, and screening to detect early hypertension disease. This screening includes elderly 40 years old who come to Public Health Centre in September 2021. The screening uses a questionnaire to uphold the diagnosis of hypertension disease by using a digital tensimeter as the gold standard. Based on World Health Organisation in 2018, which said it would be confirmed as hypertension if systolic ≥140 mmHg or diastolic ≥90 mmHg. 86% of 255 respondents were diagnosed with hypertension, that’s 40% were 65 years old, 75% were female, and 31% worked as housewives. The screening tool with a question list of dizziness has a sensitivity value of 99%, a specificity value of 73% with a Positive Predictive Value (PPV), and each value of Negative Predictive Value (NPV) is 96% and 89%, respectively. Headache contains a sensitivity value of 90%, a specificity of 100%, with PPV value of 100% and NPV value of 61%. The combination of symptoms of dizziness and headache has a sensitivity value of 76%, and a specificity value of 82%, with PPV of 96% and NPV of 36%. Clinical symptoms are considered an early diagnosis of hypertension. If people who experience complaints of dizziness, headaches, or a combination of the two should immediately check their blood pressure as early as possible.
The effect of water storage and humidity on the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in the work area of the Kebayakan Health Center, Central Aceh Regency
Authors: Zulfikar Zulfikar , Yudhastuti Ririh , Haksama Setya , Idawati Idawati , Kartika Kartika , Muzaffar Muzaffar , Iriyanti Maulina , Yusran Mawadhah , Elyarianti Elyarianti
Published: May 2023

Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an acute febrile disease found in the tropics with a geographic distribution like malaria. Dengue fever is spread to humans by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. More than 100 tropical and subtropical countries have experienced dengue eruptions and dengue hemorrhagic fever; approximately 50,000 cases each year are hospitalized, with thousands of people dying.Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of water storage and humidity on the incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in the work area of the Kebayakan Health Centre, Central Aceh Regency. Materials and Methods: This research is an analytic survey research with a case-control research design. In this case, there were 55 DHF patients consisting of children and the elderly as respondents. Controls were 55 DHF patients consisting of children and the elderly. The analysis used a chi-square test. Result: The results showed that the factors that significantly affected the incidence of DHF were humidity (P=0.002 OR=4.571 95% CI=1.752-11928) and water reservoirs (P=0.004 OR=3.328 95% CI=1.521–7.282). Conclusions: it is hoped that the community will participate in efforts to eradicate dengue hemorrhagic fever (PSN-DHF), and water reservoirs should be cleaned at least once a week to prevent the presence of mosquito larvae and pay more attention to environmental sanitation.
Implementation and recommendation of postpartum visit methods during COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study from Indonesia
Authors: Anis Wahyul , Devy Shrimarti R. , Prasetyo Budi , Indriani Diah , Amalia Rize R. , Dewi Erni R.
Published: May 2023

Background: The Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Indonesia is still a health problem that must be solved. In 2018 and 2019, the postpartum period still dominates maternal mortality in Surabaya. The postpartum visit method is one of the essential things that can affect postpartum services, so it is necessary to evaluate the implementation of the postpartum visit method and recommend visiting methods to improve maternal health.Objective: The study explores the implementation and recommendation of postpartum visit methods during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Materials and Methods: It used a qualitative research type by assessing the interview and observation dept. The instruments used are questionnaires and observation sheets. Researchers conducted interviews with 14 mothers who had completed the postpartum period, five midwives, a stakeholder in the health office and two experts in the field of maternal health. The data is processed using organizing, reduction, coding, description, linking between themes, and data interpretation.Results: Offline visits to health facilities still dominate the implementation of the postpartum visit method. The recommended postpartum visit method combines visits to health facilities, home visits, and telehealth. Besides that, it is necessary to consider maternal postpartum services up to 3 months after delivery, especially for postpartum mothers who have problems.Conclusion: The postpartum visit method during the COVID-19 pandemic, has not run optimally because there are restrictions on offline visits. However, it has not been supported by online monitoring or home visits.
Interdialytic weight gain levels and blood pressure changes during fluid withdrawal in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Ramadhan Muhammad P. , Herawati Tuti , Adam Muhamad , Yetti Krisna
Published: May 2023

Introduction: interdialytic weight gains (IDWG) are a secondary impact of excessive fluid and/or food intake. In addition, IDWG is common in hemodialysis patients due to renal excretion dysfunction, which impacts fluid buildup. Interdialytic Weight Gain (IDWG) is a secondary impact of excessive fluid and/or food intake and is common in hemodialysis patients due to renal excretion dysfunction. If the patient has severe IDWG, it will have an impact that fluid withdrawal will be increased. This increases the risk of complications during fluid withdrawal on hemodialysis.Objective: to identify the relationship of IDWG levels with changes in blood pressure during fluid withdrawal in hemodialysis patients.Materials and Methods: this was a descriptive-analytic study in which 90 patients undergoing HD were recruited using consecutive sampling. Respondents are free to get involved and withdraw from research and respondents who are involved in research are given rewards from researchers.Result: the study found a relationship between IDWG and blood pressure changes during fluid withdrawal during the 1st hour (P value α; α = 0.05).Discussion: blood pressure changes during hemodialysis primarily increased blood pressure influenced by some factors. The factors are IDWG levels, UF volume, stimulation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, antihypertensive therapy, and history of cardiovascular disease. The limitation of this study is that blood pressure measurements on some respondents were not carried out on time, because respondents sometimes fell asleep.Conclusion: based on this study, IDWG is related to changes in blood pressure at the 1st hour of fluid withdrawal.
Family perspectives on severe mental disorders and relapse prevention: a qualitative study
Authors: Sawab Sawab , Yusuf Ah , Fitryasari Rizki , Pujiastuti R. R.S.E. , Putra Permana
Published: May 2023

Background: The relapse of severe mental disorders is still quite high due to the lack of family knowledge in treating schizophrenic patients. The family treats and prevents the relapse of severe mental disorder by taking the sufferer to spiritual treatment, a shaman, being shackled (pasung) because of the assumption that the cause is evil from ghosts, magic, curses, and unbelief.Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore the experience of families preventing the relapse of severe mental disorders.Materials and Methods: This study is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The sampling was conducted by purposive sampling with 9 participants. Data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews with audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, validated, and analyzed based on Colaizzi’s method of data analysis.Results: Four themes were generated, including: i) the perception of severe mental illness; ii) the causes of relapse; iii) family prevention for severe mental disorders relapse; iv) relapse becomes helplessness and a burden on the family.Conclusions: Lack of family knowledge of severe mental disorders, prevention of relapse, and lack of social support causes helplessness and a burden on the family. Increased knowledge, coping skills, and support for families with Schizophrenia are very important to help relapse prevention and the burden that arises.
Effect of mangosteen skin ethanol extract on streptozotocin-induced TNF-α expression
Authors: Herdiani Novera , Wirjatmadi Bambang , Kuntoro Kuntoro , Zamzam Maki
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a significant health problem worldwide. DM with poor control of blood glucose levels can eventually cause pancreatic cell disorders, including a decrease in cell mass and function. Mangosteen rind contains xanthone compounds that can be used to protect and reduce cell damage, especially those caused by free radicals. This study aimed to analyze the administration of mangosteen peel ethanol extract on the expression of TNF-α induced by streptozotocin.Materials and Methods: The research was carried out in an experimental laboratory. The research design used was Randomized Post Test Only Control Group Design. The sample is a male rat Wistar strain. Rats were grouped into five groups, namely negative control group, positive control STZ, mangosteen peel extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW (K2), a dose of 400 mg/kg BW (K3), an amount of 600 mg/kg BW (K4). Administration of therapy for 14 days orally.Results:  The effects of the mangosteen rind extract had a lower TNF- positive cell count of 3.83 compared to the group that was not treated with the mangosteen rind extract 19.33. All treatment groups showed a significant difference (P0.001) in the number of TNF- protein-expressing cells. This research can inform the public that mangosteen peel’s benefits can be developed as prevention and alternative treatment in humans caused by inflammation.Conclusions:  This research affects the administration of ethanol extract of mangosteen peel to decrease the number of TNFpositive cells with an effective dose of 600 mg/kg BW.
Factor analysis of the role of physicians and its associated factors for encompassing patients with suspected tuberculosis in Surabaya City
Authors: Yuliandari Rosita D. , Umbul Wahyuni Chatarina , Syahrul Fariani , Notobroto Hari B. , Qomaruddin Mochammad B. , Soedarsono Soedarsono
Published: May 2023

Background: Indonesia remains the highest tuberculosis morbidity rate, 9.6 million globally. Limited detection and surveillance of suspected tuberculosis need to be enhanced.Objective: This study aims to investigate the factors that influence the role of Physicians in screening for suspected tuberculosis.Materials and Methods: a case-control study with secondary datasets of 132 physicians. The analysis used is simple logistic regression and multiple logistic regressions.Results: out of 132, only 34 physicians (25.7%) have an active role; meanwhile, 98 physicians (74.3%) did not participate in assisting suspected tuberculosis. Almost 73% of physicians have not received additional training in tuberculosis management. The physicians contributed 19.1% to the total discovery of tuberculosis suspected in Surabaya. Age, years of working, and the number of patient visits were associated with the role of physicians in tuberculosis screening (OR of 3.809, 1.112, and 3.057).Conclusions: based on 5 variables that qualify for multivariate analysis, three factors greatly influence the physicians’ role in screening tuberculosis suspected, including age, number of patient visits, and years of working.
The self-fulfilling prophecy in health and education: a literature review
Authors: Geru Satriani , Kuntoro Kuntoro , Soedirham Oedojo , Surjaningrun Endang R.
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Self-fulfilling prophecy is any held belief or expectation that leads to behavior that ultimately proves that belief or expectation is true. Consciousness, belief, ideals, imagination, prejudice, values, whatever term one chooses to use, enter essentially and constitutively becoming a reality studied in the social sciences. Imagined becomes real and also tends to become a reality. Objective: The purpose of writing this article is to review several research results related to the self-fulfilling prophecy in its application in the education and health systems. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive strategy by searching for articles in research journal databases, using the internet, and conducting article reviews. Search for articles via Sinta, google scholar, PubMed, research gate, and science direct. The subject of the research is in the health and education sector to conduct a literature review with ten articles to determine the objectives, methods, samples, and results of each article. Results: This article suggests that the expectations, estimates, etiquette, and analysis of an educator can be influenced by several conditions that will have a major influence on the state of students in terms of personality, social life, psychology, and student teaching and learning process. In the health world, Self-Fulfilling Prophecy is used to build positive expectations in the process of treatment and health improvement. Conclusions: Self-fulfilling prophecy, when used positively, can be a powerful technique in the world of health and education.
A systematic review on the determinants of medication adherence in older adults with hypertension
Authors: Afiani Nurma , Nurmala Ira , Mahmudah Mahmudah
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Medication adherence is a key element in controlling blood pressure when lifestyle modifications fail to achieved blood pressure targets. The degenerative process challenges the ability to adhere to medication in older adults. Objective: This research aimed to systematically investigate the predictor of medication in older patients with hypertension. Materials and Methods: A systematic searching strategy in six databases, such as Science Direct, PubMed, Proquest, SAGE, and Emerald was applied in this study. Studies after 2012 were included in this research, and then followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews. Results: Of 887 studies identified, 12 were included in the data synthesis. Self-management, health literacy about hypertension and antihypertensive agent, cognitive function (memory), belief, and subjective life expectancy were identified as determinants of medication adherence in older adults with hypertension. Memory functions are the strongest determinant in medication adherence among the elderly. Conclusions: Interventions increasing memory ability, such as strategies for remembering, rewarding, and reinforcement, are needed in the population of elderly with hypertension.
Analysis of PROLANIS activities on controlling type-2 diabetes mellitus at Puskesmas Tulungagung in 2022
Authors: Rokhmad Kasil , Supriyanto Stefanus
Published: May 2023

Background: Non-communicable diseases are still a global and national problem. Around 71% of deaths worldwide are caused by non-communicable diseases, and about 36 million people per year died from them in 2016. One of these preventions is the prevention of type-2 diabetes mellitus (type-2 DM), which can be done by knowing the risk factors. There are two risk factors for type-2 DM: the ones we can change and the ones we cannot change. We can change our lifestyle, such as what food we consume, rest patterns, physical activity, and stress management. In contrast, we cannot change age and genetics. Objective: This research aimed to analyze PROLANIS activities on controlling type-2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: This research is a cross-sectional study carried out at selected Puskesmas (Community Health Center) in Tulungagung Regency between April and July 2022. The selection of research locations was based on the area’s characteristics in Tulungagung Regency, namely urban Puskesmas, rural Puskesmas, and mountainous Puskesmas. One Puskesmas represented each region.Results: Based on data from the Health Department of Tulungagung, with the results of 546 type-2 DM patients, only 34% participated in the PROLANIS (chronic disease management program) activities. Of those who participated in PROLANIS, 36% could control their type-2 DM, which means there were still many type-2 DMs that had not been controlled.Conclusion: There was a relationship between attendance in PROLANIS activities and controlled blood sugar levels in patients with type-2 DM.
Education on mercury exposure from fish and its processed products among school children in the Kenjeran Beach Area, Surabaya
Authors: Mahmudiono Trias , Vidianinggar Wijanarko Mutiara A. , Elkarima Edna , ‘Arifah Dzakiyyatul F. , Indriani Diah , Setyaningtyas Stefania W. , Chen Hsiu L.
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Fish is a protein source that can be easily found especially in Indonesia, a maritime country. However, the development of industrialization also contributes to increased pollution. In some cases, industrial wastewater contains metals that can be toxic for fish and their processed products. Mercury is one of the heavy metals that is commonly found in fish and has been found to have negative impacts on the health of the human body especially on kids.Objective: The purpose of this study is to increase schoolchildren's knowledge of the risks of mercury exposure from fish and their products.Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-post-test design was conducted among 120 elementary school students in SDN Sukolilo 250 and SDN Komplek Kenjeran II. The sampling method was done using simple random sampling. Elementary school students were divided into two groups. The intervention group received information about the dangers of mercury contamination in fish and its products and the control group received general education about the behavior of a clean and healthy lifestyle.Results: From the test, we found that the result of the paired sample t-test is 0.001 and the delta of mean score between pre-test and post-test among the intervention group was higher than the control group.Conclusion: Nutrition education in elementary students may influence the nutritional behavior of food consumption and mercury awareness. Nutrition education had a positive effect on individual behavior by increasing knowledge, behavioral intentions, and perceived behavioral control.
Connecting neurodevelopment to neurodegeneration: a spotlight on the role of kinesin superfamily protein 2A (KIF2A)
Authors: Ruiz-Reig Nuria , Hakanen Janne , Tissir Fadel
Published: May 2023

Microtubules play a central role in cytoskeletal changes during neuronal development and maintenance. Microtubule dynamics is essential to polarity and shape transitions underlying neural cell division, differentiation, motility, and maturation. Kinesin superfamily protein 2A is a member of human kinesin 13 gene family of proteins that depolymerize and destabilize microtubules. In dividing cells, kinesin superfamily protein 2A is involved in mitotic progression, spindle assembly, and chromosome segregation. In postmitotic neurons, it is required for axon/dendrite specification and extension, neuronal migration, connectivity, and survival. Humans with kinesin superfamily protein 2A mutations suffer from a variety of malformations of cortical development, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, and neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss how kinesin superfamily protein 2A regulates neuronal development and function, and how its deregulation causes neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders.
Adenosine A2A receptor blockade attenuates excitotoxicity in rat striatal medium spiny neurons during an ischemic-like insult
Authors: Coppi Elisabetta , Cherchi Federica , Gibb Alasdair J.
Published: May 2023

During brain ischemia, excitotoxicity and peri-infarct depolarization injuries occur and cause cerebral tissue damage. Indeed, anoxic depolarization, consisting of massive neuronal depolarization due to the loss of membrane ion gradients, occurs in vivo or in vitro during an energy failure. The neuromodulator adenosine is released in huge amounts during cerebral ischemia and exerts its effects by activating specific metabotropic receptors, namely: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. The A2A receptor subtype is highly expressed in striatal medium spiny neurons, which are particularly susceptible to ischemic damage. Evidence indicates that the A2A receptors are upregulated in the rat striatum after stroke and the selective antagonist SCH58261 protects from exaggerated glutamate release within the first 4 hours from the insult and alleviates neurological impairment and histological injury in the following 24 hours. We recently added new knowledge to the mechanisms by which the adenosine A2A receptor subtype participates in ischemia-induced neuronal death by performing patch-clamp recordings from medium spiny neurons in rat striatal brain slices exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation. We demonstrated that the selective block of A2A receptors by SCH58261 significantly reduced ionic imbalance and delayed the anoxic depolarization in medium spiny neurons during oxygen and glucose deprivation and that the mechanism involves voltage-gated K+ channel modulation and a presynaptic inhibition of glutamate release by the A2A receptor antagonist. The present review summarizes the latest findings in the literature about the possibility of developing selective ligands of A2A receptors as advantageous therapeutic tools that may contribute to counteracting neurodegeneration after brain ischemia.
Advances in extracellular vesicle-based combination therapies for spinal cord injury
Authors: Wang Tingting , Huang Guohao , Yi Zhiheng , Dai Sihan , Zhuang Weiduan , Guo Shaowei
Published: May 2023

Spinal cord injury is a severe insult to the central nervous system that causes persisting neurological deficits. The currently available treatments involve surgical, medical, and rehabilitative strategies. However, none of these techniques can markedly reverse neurological deficits. Recently, extracellular vesicles from various cell sources have been applied to different models of spinal cord injury, thereby generating new cell-free therapies for the treatment of spinal cord injury. However, the use of extracellular vesicles alone is still associated with some notable shortcomings, such as their uncertainty in targeting damaged spinal cord tissues and inability to provide structural support to damaged axons. Therefore, this paper reviews the latest combined strategies for the use of extracellular vesicle-based technology for spinal cord injury, including the combination of extracellular vesicles with nanoparticles, exogenous drugs and/or biological scaffold materials, which facilitate the targeting ability of extracellular vesicles and the combinatorial effects with extracellular vesicles. We also highlight issues relating to the clinical transformation of these extracellular vesicle-based combination strategies for the treatment of spinal cord injury.
Role of lipids in the control of autophagy and primary cilium signaling in neurons
Authors: Hernández-Cáceres María Paz , Pinto-Nuñez Daniela , Rivera Patricia , Burgos Paulina , Díaz-Castro Francisco , Criollo Alfredo , Yañez Maria Jose , Morselli Eugenia
Published: May 2023

The brain is, after the adipose tissue, the organ with the greatest amount of lipids and diversity in their composition in the human body. In neurons, lipids are involved in signaling pathways controlling autophagy, a lysosome-dependent catabolic process essential for the maintenance of neuronal homeostasis and the function of the primary cilium, a cellular antenna that acts as a communication hub that transfers extracellular signals into intracellular responses required for neurogenesis and brain development. A crosstalk between primary cilia and autophagy has been established; however, its role in the control of neuronal activity and homeostasis is barely known. In this review, we briefly discuss the current knowledge regarding the role of autophagy and the primary cilium in neurons. Then we review the recent literature about specific lipid subclasses in the regulation of autophagy, in the control of primary cilium structure and its dependent cellular signaling in physiological and pathological conditions, specifically focusing on neurons, an area of research that could have major implications in neurodevelopment, energy homeostasis, and neurodegeneration.
Microshear bond strength of resin cement to a zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass ceramic using different surface treatments
Authors: Nakhaei Mohammadreza , Mohammadipour Hamideh-Sadat , Eslami Seyyed-Farzan , Soroush Zahra
Published: May 2023

Background:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of resin cement to zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic and to compare it with lithium disilicate ceramic.

Materials and Methods:

In this in vitro study, 80 specimens containing two glass ceramics of IPS e.max press and VITA SUPRINITY were prepared and categorized into four groups according to the surface treatments (n = 10) as Group 1 (C): no treatment (control); Group 2 (HF): etching with 9% hydrofluoric acid (HF) for 90 s followed by silane application; Group 3 (SPH): sandblasting with Al2O3 particles (50 μm), etching with 35% phosphoric acid for 40 s followed by application of silane and adhesive (Clearfil liner bond F); and Group 4 (SB): sandblasting with Al2O3 followed by silanization. Then, a resin cement (Panavia F2) was applied to the prepared ceramic surfaces. All samples were subjected to thermal aging (5000 cycles, 5–55). The μSBS test was evaluated and failure modes were recorded. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk, two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's Honest Significant Difference post hoc tests (P < 0.05).

Results:

IPS e.max press samples revealed significantly higher μSBS values compared to VITA SUPRINITY (P < 0.001), in whole surface treatments. The HF group showed the highest μSBS value, followed by the SPH and SB groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Adhesive failure was recorded as a predominant failure mode.

Conclusion:

The adhesion performance of IPS e.max press was significantly higher than VITA SUPRINITY. The common surface treatment protocol including HF application followed by silanization was the most effective surface treatment for both glass ceramics.
Analysis of mechanical properties of the stent's outflow segment during thoracic endovascular aortic repair
Authors: Shen Yu , Chen Zheng , Lu Qingsheng
Published: May 2023

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:

To discuss the mechanical properties of stents and optimize the stents' selection scheme of overlapping segment through in vitro mechanical simulation of stent grafts.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The radial force tester was used to measure the radial force of different aortic covered stents, bare stents and the combination of the two. Linear relationship between the radial force at the distal end of the stent and oversize rate was plotted. The stent-induced aortic wall shear stress was evaluated intuitively by mechanical simulation.

RESULTS:

The radial force curve of the distal end of the thoracic aortic covered stent reflected the superelastic characteristics of aortic stent, and the characteristics was more obvious in stents composed of nickel-titanium than stainless; When different size of Hercules stents were combined with the same sized restrictive bare stent, the oversize rate of overlapping segment was the same, and the radial force was similar; At the initial compression diameter, the use of restrictive bare stent can improve the chronic outward force, but at high compression level, the chronic outward force of the overlapping segment was higher than that of the individual aortic covered stent.

CONCLUSIONS:

Based on in vitro mechanical simulation, the stent-vessel wall interaction after implantation can be more intuitively understood. The application of restrictive bare stents can change the radial force of the overlapping segment of the stents by reducing the oversize rate of the distal end of the stent-graft, but it can be harmful at a higher compression level.
Preoperative Meal Practices
Authors: Shah Prerana Nirav , Kezo Azho
Published: May 2023

Background:

In this era of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS), prolonged fasting has been discouraged. This study is an appraisal on the fasting practice in a tertiary hospital in India.

Materials and Methods:

Over a period of 1 year, 118 patients were taken into the study. The attending anesthesiologist noted the time of their last meal and the type of meal that was taken on the morning of surgery. Data were analyzed using STATA™ and Microsoft Excel version 2016.

Results:

Our study found that the fasting period for large and light meals was more and for clear fluids was 10.28 ± 3.63. For light meals and clear fluids, the fasting period was more than recommended.

Conclusion:

Prolonged preoperative fasting is still practiced despite existing guidelines. Prolonged preoperative fasting is still prevalent in today's era of ERAS. Education on the existing fasting guidelines and its implementation is needed.
Multiple bilateral retinal hemorrhages: An unusual presentation of megaloblastic anemia
Authors: Meshram Madhuri , Nene Amit S. , Sadhwani Neelam , Pirdankar Onkar H. , Badole Pushpanjali , Shah Smitesh
Published: May 2023

The purpose is to report the occurrence of bilateral retinal hemorrhages in megaloblastic anemia and its management. A 42-year-old male presented with sudden and painless diminution of vision in both eyes. The ophthalmologic evaluation revealed bilateral white-centered, sub-internal limiting membrane, blot- and flame-shaped hemorrhages near disc, and macula. Hematological evaluation revealed megaloblastic anemia with hemoglobin 6.6 g/dl with no thrombocytopenia. Posttreatment increase in hemoglobin was noted with resolution of retinal hemorrhages and normal foveal contour in both eyes. The careful and detailed ophthalmic evaluation of anemic patients is required for the early diagnosis and management of vision-related complications.
An unusual case of papillary thyroid carcinoma presenting as Graves’ disease
Authors: Tiwari Pooja , Saikia Uma Kaimal , Baro Abhamoni , Bhuyan Ashok Krishna
Published: May 2023

Thyroid cancer in patients with Graves’ disease (GD) was reported with incidences varying from 2.3% to 21.1%. The prognosis of thyroid cancer in patients with GD has been debatable. Here we present a rare case of papillary thyroid carcinoma associated with GD in a 23-year-old female presenting with goiter and thyrotoxicosis symptoms, diagnosed with GD, who because of suspicious findings, underwent further investigations and was found to have thyroid carcinoma. The patient underwent surgery preceded by antithyroid medications. Histopathological examination confirmed malignancy and further management was done.
Propaganda Detection And Challenges Managing Smart Cities Information On Social Media
Authors: Ahmad Pir Noman , Khan Khalid
Published: May 2023

Misinformation, false news, and various forms of propaganda have increased as a consequence of the rapid spread of information on social media. The Covid-19 spread deeply transformed citizens' day-to-day lives due to the overview of new methods of effort and access to facilities based on smart technologies. Social media propagandistic data and high-quality information on smart cities are the most challenging elements of this study. As a result of a natural language processing perspective, we have developed a system that automatically extracts information from bi-lingual sources. This information is either in Urdu or English (Ur or Eng), and we apply machine translation to obtain the target language. We explore different neural architectures and extract linguistic layout and relevant features in the bi-lingual corpus. Moreover, we fine-tune RoBERTa and ensemble BiLSM, CRF and BiRNN model. Our solution uses fine-tuned RoBERTa, a pretrained language model, to perform word-level classification. This paper provides insight into the model's learning abilities by analyzing its attention heads and the model's evaluation results.
TVN: Detect Deepfakes Images using Texture Variation Network
Authors: S Haseena , S Saroja , D Shri Dharshini , A. Nivetha
Published: May 2023

Face manipulation technology is rapidly developing, making it impossible for human eyes to recognize fake face photos. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) discriminators, on the other hand, can fast achieve high accuracy in distinguishing fake/real face photos. In this paper, we look at how CNN models discern between fake and real faces. Face forgery detection relies heavily on Texture Variation Network (TVN) information, according to our findings. We propose a new model, TVN, for robust face fraud detection, based on Convolution and pyramid pooling (PP), as a result of the aforesaid discovery. To produce a stationary representation of composition difference information, Convolution combines pixel intensity and pixel gradient information. Simultaneously, multi-scale information fusion based on the PP can prevent the texture features from being destroyed. Our TVN beats previous techniques on numerous databases, including Faceforensics++, DeeperForensics-1.0, Celeb-DF, and DFDC. The TVN is more resistant to image distortion, such as JPEG compression and blur, which is critical in the wild.