bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive performance of 4-6-year-old children: a longitudinal study
Authors: Utami Nur Handayani , Sekartini Rini , Kolopaking Risatianti , Besral Besral , Khusun Helda
Published: May 2023

Background Many children in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) have reduced cognitive abilities, but few studies have explored the influencing factors.
Objective To determine the determinants of children's low cognitive development at 4 to 6-year-old.
Methods This is a retrospective cohort study in year 2021. The data was obtained from Bogor Longitudinal Study of Child Growth and Development (BLSCGD) that started from year 2012. For this analysis, we considered 165 of children aged 4-6 years. The dependent variable in this analysis was cognitive development as measured by the Indonesian Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) with the indicators of full-scale IQ (FSIQ), verbal IQ (VIQ) and performance IQ (PIQ). The independent variables were determinants of children’s cognitive development at 4-6 years, consisted of socio-demographic factors, determinants from early life (0-23 months), as well as determinants from current conditions. Multivariate analysis done with the logistic regression test.
Results Bivariate analysis revealed that paternal education level was significantly associated with FSIQ and inadequate calorie intake in infancy and poor child stimulation were significantly associated with VIQ. In the final model of multivariate analysis, low paternal education level retained a significant association with FSIQ. Psychosocial stimulation was significantly associated with VIQ and inadequate calorie intake during infancy was significantly associated with PIQ.
Conclusion Low paternal education level and inadequate psychosocial stimulation are risk factors for reduced child cognitive development in 4-6-year-olds. Inadequate calorie intake in infancy even though not statistically significant it has high OR values for low VIQ and PIQ, thus the results showed the importance of calory intake in infancy.
Predictive factors of advanced chronic kidney disease in children with congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract
Authors: Puspitarini Dea , Herini Elisabeth Siti , Satria Cahya Dewi , Hermawan Kristia
Published: May 2023

Background Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children. Delayed diagnosis of CAKUT due to lack of universal screening (such as prenatal ultrasound screening or postnatal ultrasound screening in neonates with risk of CAKUT) has led to more cases of advanced CKD in children. CKD has high morbidity and mortality, and early detection is required to prevent the progression of CKD.

Objective To determine the factors that predict the development of advanced CKD in children with CAKUT.

Methods This retrospective cohort study included children with CAKUT at Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia from January 2016 to February 2021. Patients who were diagnosed with CAKUT were followed up to 5 years or until the onset of advanced CKD. Advanced CKD was defined as a decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less than 30mL/min/1.73m2 based on the revised Schwartz formula. CKD progression-free survival was determined with Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses.

Results Among 62 subjects with CAKUT, 7 (11.3%) subjects progressed to advanced CKD. The mean time of advanced CKD progression was 52.2 (95%CI 46.9 to 57.5) months. The overall incidence rate was 22 per 1,000 person-years. Based on Kaplan-Meier analysis, children with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m2 at the time of diagnosis had more rapid progression to advanced CKD than patients with eGFR ?60 mL/min/1.73m2 [40.2 (95%CI 33.4 to 46.6) months vs. 58.2 95%CI 46.9 to 57.5) months; P=0.02, respectively].

Conclusion Reduced eGFR at the time of diagnosis showed rapid progression to advanced CKD.
An Overview of Renewable Energy Development in Nigeria over the Years:

Challenges and Control Measures
Authors: Chongkon Zaman
Published: May 2023

Nigeria is one of the most populated countries in the world and the largest in Africa. With a population of about 200 million, the nation is enriched with diverse renewable and nonrenewable energy sources. Despite this vast energy potential, only about 50% of her population has access to electricity. In this study, current perspectives on solar energy utilization as a renewable energy option in Nigeria are examined and discussed from the standpoint of sustainable development. The country, being a world crude oil and natural gas producer, is overdependent on the seen energy sources for electricity generation and other energy applications. This has currently put the country at risk of impending energy crises given the fast-diminishing fossil reserves, inadequate refining capacity to meet domestic consumption, and severe energy insecurity in restive regions where exploitations exist. Despite the vast fossil-based energy reserves, an insufficient electricity production capacity at 4517.6MW as of December 2012 is generated to support the economy of a teeming population of approximately 200 million people. Nigeria is naturally endowed with an abundant deposit of renewable energy resources, of which solar energy from the Sun (beingtheworld0s most abundant and permanent energy source) has for decades been enjoying very high-level utilization by rural dwellers for agricultural processing in the country. The possible motivations for extensively developing solar energy conversion systems in Nigeria are also discussed, and some barriers and challenges are presented. Finally, steps and policy measures to overcome the challenges and facilitate the utilization of this resource are suggested.
The memes that make us: Subtle Asian Traits group and how internet memes (re)construct Asian identities
Authors: Pham Ngan
Published: May 2023

Digital has increasingly become an integral part of people’s daily lives and thus their identities. This study examines how the memes created and circulated in the Subtle Asian Traits (SAT) group – the global viral Facebook group with 1.9 million members dedicated to contents about Asian diasporas - represent and (re)construct what its means to be Asian. The analysis of SAT’s most popular memes during a 2.5 years period from May 2019 to November 2021 indicates a representation of the Asian community that are consistent and united over popular food, cultural references and shared experiences. Meanwhile, in-depth interviews with SAT’s members suggest their nuanced, diverging identifications with the collective identity embodied in SAT memes – one where inclusivity and solidarity come at certain costs. The study also contemplates upon the inter-relations between online and offline identity – one that is cohesive but negotiated according to sociotechnical affordances of cyberspace.
Continuing Medical Education Questions: May 2023
Authors: Holzwanger Erik A.
Published: May 2023

Article Title: Reduced Adenoma Miss Rate with 9-Minute vs 6-Minute Withdrawal Times for Screening Colonoscopy: A Multicenter Randomized Tandem Trial
Book review of: Rey, S.J.; Franklin, R.S. (eds.) (2022): Handbook of Spatial Analysis in the Social Sciences
Authors: Jehling Mathias
Published: May 2023

Book review
Zum Verhältnis von Originalerhalt und Digitalisierung von schriftlichem Kulturgut
Authors: Frohmann Jakob , Kistenich-Zerfaß Johannes , Müller Maria Elisabeth , Preuss Stephanie , Sorbello Staub Alessandra , Scherr Laura , Stumpf Marcus
Published: May 2023

Beim Erhalt analogen schriftlichen Kulturguts in seiner Entstehungsform wurden im vergangenen Jahrzehnt signifikante Fortschritte erzielt. Zuvorderst sind hierfür die Koordinierungsstelle zur Erhaltung des schriftlichen Kulturguts (KEK), Förderprogramme des Bundes und der Länder, der Ausbau von Infrastrukturen und ein leistungsfähiger Dienstleistermarkt verantwortlich. Bestandsschonend erzeugte Digitalisate schützen Originale vor Nutzungsschäden. Im Sinne der Bewahrung des kulturellen Erbes zurückzuweisen sind Vorstellungen, zugunsten der Digitalisierung den Originalerhalt zu vernachlässigen, wie es die Strategie des Bundesarchivs vorsieht. Denn: Nichts kann das Original vollumfänglich ersetzen.
Adverse outcomes and maternal complications in pregnant women with severe-critical COVID-19: a tertiary center experience
Authors: Sinaci Selcan , Tanacan Atakan , Besimoglu Berhan , Menekse Beser Dilek , Uyan Hendem Derya , Tugrul Ersak Duygu , Atalay Aysegul , Kaya Ecem , Ozden Tokalioglu Eda , Cankar Dal Hayriye , Ocal Doga Fatma , Erdem Deniz , Izdes Seval , Moraloglu Tekin Ozlem , Ates İhsan , Turan Sema , Sahin Dilek
Published: May 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to present perinatal outcomes, clinical challenges, and basic ICU management in pregnant women with severe-critical COVID-19 at our tertiary referral center.

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, patients were divided into two groups, whether they survived or not. Clinical characteristics, obstetric and neonatal outcomes, initial laboratory test results and radiologic imaging findings, arterial blood gas parameters at ICU admission, and ICU complications and interventions were compared between groups.

Results

157 of the patients survived, and 34 of the patients died. Asthma was the leading health problem among the non-survivors. Fifty-eight patients were intubated, and 24 of them were weaned off and discharged healthfully. Of the 10 patients who underwent ECMO, only 1 survived (p<0.001). Preterm labor was the most common pregnancy complication. Maternal deterioration was the most common indication for a cesarean section. Higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR) values, the need for prone positioning, and the occurrence of an ICU complication were important parameters that influenced maternal mortality (p<0.05).

Conclusions

Overweight pregnant women and pregnant women with comorbidities, especially asthma, may have a higher risk of mortality related to COVID-19. A worsening maternal health condition can lead to increased rates of cesarean delivery and iatrogenic prematurity.
Analytical chemistry of some trace elements inTamarix gallicaL. using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA)
Authors: Nedjimi Bouzid
Published: May 2023

Salt cedar (Tamarix gallicaL.) is an important xero–halophytic tree used for its medicinal properties to treat cancer, gastrointestinal syndromes, diabetes and infections. In the present investigation, instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was carried out to evaluate some major and trace elements (As, Ba, Br, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, K, La, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sm, Tb, Th, and Zn) in this species. The quality of the results was assessed by the analysis of CRM-GSV4 tea leaves; a good agreement was achieved between the measured and recommended data. The results show thatT. gallicacontained high levels of Ca, K, Na and Fe, while elements toxic to humans (As, Br, and Sb) were below the tolerable limits reported in the World Health Organization database (WHO/FAO). Macro–and microelements essential to humans were present inT. gallicaleaves with significant levels in the following order: Ca > Na > K > Fe > Zn > Cr > Co.T. gallicacould provide a new promising therapeutic source for pharmacological purposes.
Study on the properties of amide Gemini surfactants
Authors: Cai Yongchen , Xu Hujun , Ling Peng
Published: May 2023

In this study, the properties of amide Gemini surfactants (DLP-12, DLP-14 and DLP-16) were investigated. The results showed that these surfactants have good wettability and solubility, but these properties deteriorate with increasing hydrophobic chain length. The critical micelle concentrations (CMC) measured by the Wilhelmy method and by the steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy were similar and showed the same trend: The CMC values decreased with increasing hydrophobic chain length. The solubilization capacities in toluene were (6320, 6440 and 6680) mL/mol for DLP-12, DLP-14 and DLP-16, respectively, indicating an improvement in solubilization ability. Thermal stability experiments showed that the initial decomposition temperatures of the three surfactants were (301, 320 and 331) °C, respectively, indicating good thermal stability of these surfactants.
“NADA SOBRE NÓS, SEM A NOSSA PARTICIPAÇÃO”
Authors: Roncatto Durrer Mariane , De Araujo Neves Rita
Published: May 2023

O aumento no contingente de mulheres em privação de liberdade no Brasil se deu, principalmente, a partir da vigência da Lei 13.343/2006. Atualmente, as mulheres presas pelo tráfico de drogas representam quase dois terços (62%) do número total de pessoas encarceradas no Brasil[1].Tendo em vista a relevância da política de drogas, busca-se responder à questão que baliza este estudo: qual seria o impacto da regulamentação da maconha no encarceramento feminino brasileiro, quando analisado a partir da visão decolonialista do modelo de reparação do estado de Illinois/USA? Para tanto, é necessário compreender a perspectiva decolonialista e antirracista utilizada neste estudo, além de descrever brevemente a situação do encarceramento feminino brasileiro e, então, apresentar o modelo de reparação histórica, material e cultural do estado de Illinois/USA, como parâmetro à problemática brasileira. Nesse viés, embora sem a ambição de produzir um instrumento que solucione efetivamente a problemática da violência no Brasil gerada pela “guerra às drogas”, visamos contribuir com as atuais discussões e pesquisas sobre o tema, por meio de um levantamento bibliográfico e documental com análise crítica de alguns achados iniciais. No estudo, que é um recorte do Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (TCC)[2] da Graduação em Direito da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, verificamos, até o momento, que a reparação deve ser ponto central nos debates antiproibicionistas, pois a mera legalização das drogas será insuficiente para a promoção de justiças sociais e raciais no Brasil.
A PANDEMIA COMO CRISE CAPITALISTA
Authors: Mello Fernandes Victória , Almeida dos Santos Isabella
Published: May 2023

A presente pesquisa qualitativa tem um alcance exploratório, com o objetivo de pensar a crise humanitária e sanitária causada pela pandemia da Covid-19 como uma expressão das relações da colonialidade capitalista moderna. O sistema de acumulação capitalista se baseia em relações de produção que necessitam da exploração de alguns sujeitos para sua subsistência. Nesse sentido, busca-se articular as análises, aos apontamentos que "economia solidária feminista" indica, ou seja, a necessidade de pensar formas alternativas de produção não predatórias, que valorizem os sujeitos das relações trabalhistas, assim como evidenciem a exclusão das mulheres do campo econômico. Parte-se do entendimento do sistema colonial-moderno como um padrão de poder de subalternização e dominação de alguns sujeitos, marcados historicamente por classificações como raça e gênero, que durante a pandemia foram as pessoas mais atingidas no Brasil. Traz-se ao corpus do trabalho dados de agências estatais e institutos de pesquisa, assim como notícias veiculadas em jornais nacionais para análise, as quais apontam um efeito das políticas públicas e vulnerabilidade econômica e social de mulheres negras durante o ano de 2020. Identifica-se que os efeitos da pandemia não são apenas consequências de políticas atuais, como a má assistência social, o baixo valor de auxílio emergencial e o possível superfaturamento de vacinas, mas também são resultados de uma sequência de decisões estatais como a precarização do trabalho.
The correlation between Blood group type and Diabetes Mellitus Type II
Authors: Mizouri Sawer
Published: May 2023

Background and objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is typically a multifactorial disorder involving genetic and environmental factors to variable extents. The aim of this research was to find out if there is a relationship between the “ABO” and “Rhesus” blood groups and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A case-control study was carried out at Azadi Teaching Hospital in Duhok city for six months, from 1st July 2019 to 1st January 2020. The study included 800 individuals including 400 randomly selected diabetic patients and 400 non-diabetic adults of both genders. Standard slide agglutination method at room temperature was performed to determine the ABO and Rh blood groups. Results: Out of 400 patients, 185(46.25%) were male and 215(53.75%) were female. It was found that out of 400 randomly selected patients, majority had O blood group 193(48.25%), 109(27.25%) had A, 65(16.25%) had B, 33(8.25%) had AB group. A higher frequency of O blood group was encountered among the diabetics comparing to the control (48.25% vs. 37.75%). On applying the Chi-square test, the blood groups O and type 2 diabetes mellitus were found to have a statistically significant relationship (Chi-square value - 8.14, P <0.005) and no statistically significant association between the Rh group and type 2 DM was observed (P >0.05). Conclusion: According to this study, people with the O blood group are at a greater risk of having type 2 diabetes mellitus, but there was no discrepancy in type 2 diabetes mellitus risk between Rhesus positive and negative classes. The level of blood groups A among diabetic patients is also concluded to be substantially lower.
Effect of zolmitriptan on blood pressure-relevant cardiovascular biomarkers in rats with experimentally induced hypertension
Authors: Ali Rojgar
Published: May 2023

Background and objective: Zolmitriptan is among widely used medicines for the management of migraine attach, zolmitriptan is acting through stimulating serotonin (5-HT1B/1D) receptors that will cause cranial vasoconstriction. This study was aimed to compare and evaluate the impact of zolmitriptan on the relevant cardiovascular and renal biomarkers during hypertension in rats with experimentally induced hypertension. Methods: Twenty-four Wister albino male rats were randomly divided into four groups of six rats each. The first group (Group I) of rats served as the control group. To induce hypertension, the rats in the second (Group II), third (Group III) and fourth (Group IV) groups have received an intraperitoneal injection of cadmium chloride CdCl2 a dose of 1.5 mg/kg/day for 14 days. The rats in Group II were considered as the positive control. Whereas, rats in Group III received zolmitriptan orally (2 mg/kg/day), and Group IV rats received nifedipine dose of 10mg/kg for two weeks concurrently with CdCl2. Results: Inducing hypertension with CdCl2 injection significantly increased the systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure in Group II compared with Group I, respectively. The systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure in rats that received zolmitriptan did not exhibit any statistically significant differences from the rats in Group II, whereas nifedipine has significantly reduced blood pressure in group IV rats. Intraperitoneal injection of CdCl2 increased the concentrations of endothelin and nitric oxide as well as renin activity level in hypertensive Group II rats compared to control rats. Zolmitriptan administration did not produce any significant change in the endothelin and nitric oxide levels. Inducing hypertension in rats significantly reduced the corticosterone level. In contrast, administering medications in Group III and VI rats did not produce any statistically significant change in the serum concentration of corticosterone. Conclusion: Zolmitriptan administration (2 mg/kg/day, p.o) showed no statistically significant effects on the systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure in rats with experimentally induced hypertension. Zolmitriptan has also failed to produce any statistically significant change in the levels of endothelin-1, renin, nitric oxide, corticosterone, and serum creatinine in rats with hypertension.
Domain-General and Domain-Specific Electrophysiological Markers of Cognitive Distance Coding forWhat,Where, andWhenMemory Retrieval
Authors: Park Sang-Eon , Lee Jeonghyun , Lee Sang Ah
Published: May 2023

Thewhat,where, andwhencomponents of episodic memory can be differentiated based on their distinctive domain-specific underlying neural correlates. However, recent studies have proposed that a common neural mechanism of conceptual mapping may be involved in the coding of cognitive distance across all domains. In this study, we provide evidence that both domain-specific and domain-general processes occur simultaneously during memory retrieval by identifying distinctive and common neural representations for mappingwhat(i.e., semantic distance),where(i.e., spatial distance), andwhen(i.e., temporal distance) using scalp EEG from 47 healthy participants (age 21-30, 26 male and 21 female). First, we found that all three components commonly showed a positive correlation between cognitive distance and slow theta power (2.5-5 Hz) in parietal channels. Meanwhile, fast theta power (5-8.5 Hz) specifically represented spatial and temporal distance in occipital and parietal channels, respectively. Additionally, we identified a unique correlate of temporal distance coding in frontal/parietal slow theta power during the early phase of retrieval. All of the above neural markers of cognitive mapping, both domain-general and specific, were associated with individual differences inwhat, where, and whenmemory accuracy.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe Cognitive Map Theory was originally founded to explain how we remember and organize the immense amount of spatial information that we face when we navigate. However, memory research has recently trended in the direction of emphasizing the generalizability of cognitive mapping mechanisms to information in any domain, represented as distances in an abstract conceptual space. In a single study, we show that both common and unique neural coding of semantic distance (i.e.,what), spatial distance (i.e.,where), and temporal distance (i.e.,when) simultaneously support episodic memory retrieval. Our results suggest that our ability to accurately distinguish between memories is achieved through an integration of domain-specific and domain-general neurocognitive mechanisms that work in parallel.
Formation of Goal-Setting Skills as an Integral Component of a Teacher’s Professional Development
Authors:   Novosibirsk Institute of Advanced Training and Retraining of Education Workers, Rudakova Elena A.
Published: May 2023

The article reveals the concept of goal-setting. In defining the concept of a goal, we proceed from the fact that the goal should express the planned results of activities. The goal-setting ability is considered as a system-forming skill both in the preparation of future teachers and in the improvement of professional competencies of practical teachers. The purpose of the article is to present the results of a study on the justification and development of the content of teaching teachers aimed at the formation of goal–setting skills. The methodology of the research is a system-activity approach, in which the results of education are considered as a system-forming component. In the analysis of psychological, pedagogical and methodological literature, the concept of goals in teaching was clarified, generalized areas of goal-setting – subject and meta-subject– were identified, problems of the formation of professional competencies of teachers in terms of goal-setting and ways to solve them were identified. The identification of problems in the formation of goal-setting skills occurred both on the basis of the analysis of literature, written works of teachers and students, and in the process of observing their practical activities. As the main methodology for the formation of goal–setting skills, the SMART method was chosen– the method of setting “smart” goals. In the process of teaching mathematics teachers at advanced training courses, as well as teaching students– future teachers, training aimed at developing goal-setting skills using the SMART methodology was conducted as an approbation. In conclusion, conclusions are drawn about the expediency of organizing special training in goal-setting skills for both future teachers and working teachers as part of professional development.
The Results of the Introduction into Educational Activities of the Developed Organizational and Pedagogical Conditions or the Formation of Communicative Skills in Children 4–5 Years Old with Disabilities
Authors:   Krasnoyarsk Regional Institute for Advanced Training and Professional Retraining of Education Workers, Trifonova Svetlana S.
Published: May 2023

The article presents the results of the introduction of the developed organizational and pedagogical conditions for the formation of communicative skills in 4–5 yearold children with disabilities into educational activities. The presented results will update, differentiate the process of formation of communicative skills in children 4–5 years old with disabilities in preschool educational organizations. The purpose of the article is to interpreting the results of the introduction into educational activities of the developed organizational and pedagogical conditions for the formation of communicative skills in children 4–5 years old with disabilities. Methodology. In the previous article, studies of the components of communicative skills were presented, which can be used in the formation of communicative skills in play and cognitive activities in children 4–5 years old with disabilities. The studies were carried out using adapted, modified methods to identify the level of development of communicative activity (M. I. Lisina), determine the communicative qualities of a person and communicative actions (A. M. Shchetinina, M. A. Nikiforova). Taking into account the results obtained, organizational and pedagogical conditions for the formation of communicative skills were substantiated and introduced into educational activities. To determine the effectiveness of the developed organizational and pedagogical conditions, a study was conducted using the presented methods, which determines the state of the three components (presented above) after updating the process of forming communication skills in 4–5 year old children with disabilities. In conclusion, it is concluded that the presented data of the diagnostic study prove the effectiveness of the formation of communicative skills in children 4–5 years old with disabilities with the help of the developed organizational and pedagogical conditions. The data obtained will allow not only updating educational activities, but also a differentiated approach to its organization.
Aplikasi FTIR sebagai Deteksi Cepat Bahan Non-Halal dalam Campuran Produk Olahan
Authors: Mustafidah Mabrurotul , Ikhsan Arif Nur
Published: May 2023

The trend of Halal is not about label processed products, but also to become a necessity in products to gain public trust. Indonesia as the country with the most Muslims in Asia, has its own market for halal products. Consumer confidence increases for goods that have included halal in their products. The unknown material in this case is the material that makes the product non-halal, such as the presence of a mixture of pork. Many irresponsible producers use a mixture of non-halal ingredients to increase profits. To detect halal, various methods have been developed, one of which is FTIR. FTIR is a fast and easy to use instrument capable of analyzing mixtures in a product. Various studies for product authentication were analyzed using FTIR and showed results that FTIR was able to detect the presence of a mixture of unwanted ingredients in the product and could be used as a method to detect counterfeiters in processed products.
Analysis of Escherichia coli Microbial Contamination and Total Coliform Bacteria in Refill Drinking Water in Pondok Cabe Ilir Village, South Tangerang City
Authors: Amelia Puteri , Habibah Ummi , Betha Ofa Suzanti
Published: May 2023

Water is an essential nutrient for human health. It is important to maintain adequate drinking water intake to prevent dehydration, which can cause hypothermia, dizziness, constipation, and kidney stones. Currently, water-filling stations are an alternative source of drinking water because of limited access to clean water at affordable prices. The purpose of this study was to determine bacterial contamination at a drinking water station in Pondok Cabe Ilir, South Tangerang, Banten, based on Permenkes RI No. 492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010. The study was conducted using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method and the IMViC test, Triple Sugar Iron test, H2S production test, and motility test to identify Escherichia coli. The results showed that one out of five refilled drinking water samples contained Coliform bacteria above the threshold according to Minister of Health Regulation No. 492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010.
Optimization of Reaction Condition for Synthesis of 4-Methoxychalcone from Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate
Authors: Komala Ismiarni , Setiawan Muhamad Beny , Yardi Yardi
Published: May 2023

Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (1) is the main secondary metabolite found in Kaempferia galanga Linn and has various interesting pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, sedative, vasorelaxant, and antiangiogenic activities. This study aimed to optimize the conditions for the conversion of 1 to 4-methoxychalcone (2) using a conventional synthetic reaction. The conversion was initiated by the hydrolysis of 1 to p-methoxycinnamic acid (3) and 3 to 4-methoxybenzaldehyde (4), and continued with the Claisen-Schmidt reaction of 4 with acetophenone (5). The temperature (room temperature and 45 °C) and ratio of 4 to 5 (1:1 and 1:2) were varied to determine the optimal conditions for the reaction. The results suggested that the reaction of 4 with 5 gave the best yield (42.1 %) when conducted at room temperature in a ratio of 4 to 5 (1:1). The structure of the reaction product was elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and compared with previously published data
Nonspecific Diagnoses and Return Visits Among Children Discharged From the Emergency Department
Authors: Ramgopal Sriram
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVES

Previous work has suggested an association between diagnostic uncertainty and the use of nonspecific diagnostic billing codes. We sought to evaluate differences in emergency department (ED) return visits among children discharged from the ED with specific and nonspecific discharge diagnosis codes.

METHODS

We performed a retrospective study including children (aged <18 years) discharged from 40 pediatric EDs between July 2021 and June 2022. Our primary and secondary outcomes were 7-day and 30-day ED return visits, respectively. Our predictor of interest was diagnosis, classified as nonspecific (only signs/symptoms diagnoses, e.g., “cough”) or specific (≥1 specific diagnosis, e.g., “pneumonia”). We evaluated for associations using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for race/ethnicity, payer status, age, medical complexity, and neighborhood opportunity.

RESULTS

Among 1870100 discharged children, 7-day return visits occurred in 73956 (4.0%); of these, 15.8% had nonspecific discharge diagnoses. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of a return visit among children with a nonspecific diagnosis on their index visit was 1.08 (95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.10). Nonspecific diagnoses with the highest aHR of return visits were for fever, convulsions, digestive system, abdominal signs/symptoms, and headache. Respiratory and emotional/behavior signs or symptoms had a lower aHR of 7-day return visits. The aHR of nonspecific diagnosis on 30-day return visits was 1.01 (95% confidence interval 1.01–1.03).

CONCLUSIONS

Children with nonspecific diagnoses discharged from the ED had distinct patterns of health care utilization compared with those having specific diagnoses. Further research is required to evaluate the role of diagnostic uncertainty with diagnosis code application in the ED.
Applying the SES Framework to coral reef restoration projects on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica
Authors: Palou Zúniga Nohelia , Madrigal Ballestero Róger , Schlüter Achim , Alvarado Juan José
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Global and local stressors have led to rapid declines in coral reef health. The high rates of coral degradation have motivated restoration initiatives worldwide. Evaluation of these initiatives has provided valuable information regarding coral restoration techniques and limitations faced by projects. However, most of the literature is focused on evaluating metrics related to fragment survival rate and growth, leaving a gap in understanding how social aspects such as governance structure affect project outcomes

Objective: The present research applies the Social-Ecological Systems Framework to identify social and ecological factors contributing to the success of three coral reef restoration projects in Costa Rica. 

Methods: Data was gathered from 50 semi-structured interviews with project members, volunteers, tour operators, fishers, and related community and government organizations that were analyzed using the categories determined by the Social-Ecological Systems Framework. 

Results: Despite each case’s specific ecological and governance characteristics, research results show that three main steps have contributed to project success. First, the importance of locals having a positive perception of coral reef and project benefits; second, the use of network structure to obtain adequate financial and human resources and third, the importance of compliance with a regulatory framework to create enabling environments for reef restoration. 

Conclusions: Results show no universal solutions for coral reef restoration projects. Project managers must understand the ecological and social context of the restoration site to boost the benefits that reef restoration projects can provide, such as an increase in local stewardship, income generation, and the creation of more resilient communities.
Nursery-reared coral outplanting success in an upwelling-influenced area in Costa Rica
Authors: Fabregat-Malé Sònia , Mena Sebastián , Alvarado Juan José
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Environmental and intrinsic factors such as seawater temperature, salinity, nutrient concentration, upwelling, species, and life history can influence coral outplant survival and growth, and in consequence, the effectiveness of restoration. Thus, it is key to understand how these factors can shape coral outplant performance to ensure the long-term success of a restoration program. 

Objective: To establish the survival and growth rate of outplanted coral nursery-reared colonies of branching Pocillopora spp. and massive corals Pavona gigantea, Pavona clavus, and Porites lobata in Bahía Culebra, North Pacific of Costa Rica, and to determine whether the site of origin of the coral fragment and the presence of seasonal upwelling affected the growth of Pocillopora outplants. 

Methods: From September 2020 to September 2021, we monitored the survival, health, and growth of 30 Pocillopora spp. colonies from six donor sites, and 31 fragments of massive species (P. gigantea [n = 18], P. clavus [n = 8], P. lobata [n = 5]) that were outplanted to a degraded reef. We recorded in situ seawater temperature, salinity, and nutrient concentration. 

Results: By the end of the year, 100 % of the Pocillopora spp. outplants survived. Survival was 71.4 % for P. clavus, 47.5 % for P. gigantea, and 20 % for P. lobata. Coral tissue loss and predation marks were observed at least once in 71 % of massive outplants. Pocillopora spp. colonies increased their initial area in 333.1 %, at a rate of 9.98 ± 1.69 cm yr-1. The site of origin of the outplant influenced growth rate, but not the presence of seasonal upwelling. Massive species fragments grew at a rate of 1.35 ± 0.24 cm yr-1 for P. clavus, 1.48 ± 0.21 cm yr-1 for P. gigantea, and 0.61 cm yr-1 for P. lobata, with no differences among them. 

Conclusions: Environmental conditions at site level allow for high survival and growth of Pocillopora spp. outplants, previously considered as sensitive to stressors, and point towards acclimation to seasonal upwelling. Although survival of massive species was lower, developing a multi-species approach is key to enhance restoration success.
Mercantilização e precarização do trabalho docente no ensino superior privado
Authors: Rosa Vânia Dalla , Vieira Marilandi Maria Mascarello
Published: May 2023

Este trabalho aborda a mercantilização e a precarização do trabalho docente, tendo como objetivo identificar como o processo de precarização e mercantilização do ensino ofertado pelas instituições de educação superior privadas tem impactado o trabalho docente. Trata-se de trabalho de abordagem mista, do tipo exploratório, que foi desenvolvido por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, a partir dos dados do censo escolar do ensino superior, disponíveis no site do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira e matérias publicadas em sites da Internet. Os dados desvelam o processo de precarização das condições de trabalho docente na educação superior privada, especialmente em relação à redução de vagas, contratos temporários, ampliação do número de alunos atendidos e maior controle sobre o trabalho docente, especialmente em decorrência da ampliação dos cursos ofertados na modalidade de educação a distância e ao ensino remoto, exigência do distanciamento social imposto pela pandemia do coronavírus.
Comprehensive frailty assessment with multidimensional frailty domains as a predictor of mortality among vascular and cardiac surgical patients
Authors: Szabó András , Szabó Dominika , Tóth Krisztina , Szécsi Balázs , Szentgróti Rita , Nagy Ádám , Eke Csaba , Sándor Ágnes , Benke Kálmán , Merkely Béla , Gál János , Székely Andrea
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The frailty concept has become a fundamental part of daily clinical practice. In this study our purpose was to create a risk estimation method with a comprehensive aspect of patients' preoperative frailty.

Patients and methods

In our prospective, observational study, patients were enrolled between September 2014 and August 2017 in the Department of Cardiac Surgery and Department of Vascular Surgery at Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. A comprehensive frailty score was built from four main domains: biological, functional-nutritional, cognitive-psychological and sociological. Each domain contained numerous indicators. In addition, the EUROSCORE for cardiac patients and the Vascular POSSUM for vascular patients were calculated and adjusted for mortality.

Results

Data from 228 participants were included for statistical analysis. A total of 161 patients underwent vascular surgery, and 67 underwent cardiac surgery. The preoperatively estimated mortality was not significantly different (median: 2.700, IQR (interquartile range): 2.000–4.900 vs. 3.000, IQR: 1.140–6.000, P = 0.266). The comprehensive frailty index was significantly different (0.400 (0.358–0.467) vs. 0.348 (0.303–0.460), P = 0.001). In deceased patients had elevated comprehensive frailty index (0.371 (0.316–0.445) vs. 0.423 (0.365–0.500), P < 0.001). In the multivariate Cox model an increased risk for mortality in quartiles 2, 3 and 4 compared with quartile 1 as a reference was found (AHR (95% CI): 1.974 (0.982–3.969), 2.306 (1.155–4.603), and 3.058 (1.556–6.010), respectively).

Conclusion

The comprehensive frailty index developed in this study could be an important predictor of long-term mortality after vascular or cardiac surgery. Accurate frailty estimation could make the traditional risk scoring systems more accurate and reliable.
Integrating Hadith Into Education: Bridging The Gap Between Traditional Islamic Scholarship and Modern Learning
Authors: Kodir Abdul
Published: May 2023

This study aims to investigate how the integration of Hadith can address the gap between traditional Islamic scholarship and modern learning. Specifically, this study aims to examine the impact of integrating Hadith into education on enhancing education's spiritual, moral, and ethical dimensions and improving the understanding and appreciation of Islamic principles among modern learners. Additionally, the study aims to explore the potential of integrating Hadith into education to develop critical thinking skills and promote a deeper understanding of Islamic tradition, strengthening the connection between Muslims and their faith. This qualitative study uses the library research method to gather information and literature related to the research topic, such as books, journals, articles, and other documents. The study's results indicate that integrating Hadith into education has promising results in enhancing education's spiritual, moral, and ethical dimensions. By integrating Hadith into the curriculum, learners are exposed to the rich Islamic tradition and principles, which helps them understand and appreciate the values and teachings of their faith. Moreover, integrating Hadith into education can develop critical thinking skills, which are essential for learners to navigate the complexities of modern societies while maintaining a solid connection to their faith. However, potential challenges associated with integrating Hadith into education include selecting relevant Hadiths, interpreting them correctly, and ensuring that they align with modern values and principles. Therefore, educators and curriculum developers must approach the integration of Hadith into education with a critical and reflective mindset, considering the diverse perspectives and needs of the Muslim community.
Promoting Gender Equality and Empowerment: A Quranic and Hadith Perspective on Women's Roles in Islam
Authors: Afidah Ida
Published: May 2023

The Quran and the Hadith or prophetic traditions have defined the goal of Syariah as the manifestation of fairness and goodness. The Quran is a legal resource containing universal values guiding human life. Both women and men are essential beings. However, cultural, political, and interpretive power often make Islam seem unfriendly and discriminatory towards women. This study examines and analyses women's existence from an Islamic perspective. Specifically, this study will discuss women's existence in the discourse of gender equality, women's role in the domestic sphere, women's role in the public sphere, and the discourse on the future of women involving Islamic perspectives. The research method used is a literature review, specifically a study of Quranic and Hadith perspectives on gender roles and equality in Islam. The author systematically reviewed relevant literature, including Quranic verses, Hadith texts, and scholarly interpretations of these sources. The study's findings show that numerous verses in the Qur'an and Hadiths emphasize the equal status of men and women in the eyes of God and the need for justice and fairness in all aspects of life, including gender relations, women's role in the domestic sphere, and women's role in the public sphere. Women's participation in domestic and public life is essential for the country's development and progress towards a better future, particularly in Indonesia. Therefore, it is crucial to continue exploring and analyzing the different perspectives on women's roles in Islam, including in the domestic and public spheres, to promote gender equality and empowerment. This can be achieved through the development of more progressive fiqh that considers the evolving needs and roles of women in society.
Exploring The Relationship Between Sufism and Hadith: A Qualitative Analysis of Key Narrations and Interpretations
Authors: Mud’is Hasan
Published: May 2023

This study examines how Sufi scholars have utilized Hadith to develop a framework for their spiritual practices, including pursuing inner knowledge and cultivating spiritual states. Additionally, it aims to analyze key Hadith narrations central to the development of Sufi thought, such as those concerning the nature of God, the role of Prophet Muhammad, and the path to spiritual enlightenment. This study utilizes a qualitative research approach to comprehensively analyze key Hadith narrations in Sufi literature and explore the relationship between Sufism and Hadith. The methodology involves a thorough literature review of primary and secondary sources, including Hadith collections and commentaries, works of Sufi scholars, and relevant academic studies. Qualitative data analysis techniques, such as content analysis and thematic coding, are employed to identify key themes and patterns in the Hadith narrations and Sufi interpretations. The study demonstrates that the teachings of Sufism are rooted in the prophetic tradition and can be referenced in various Hadiths of the Prophet that discuss the practice of Sufism. The Hadiths emphasize the importance of worshipping God to the best of one’s ability (ihsan), purifying oneself from things that can defile the heart and hinder the light of God (tazkiyat al-nafs), and practicing zuhud or detachment from excessive love for the material world. Sufis strive to find the basis of these Sufi teachings through esoteric interpretation of these Hadiths. This effort is not only essential for integrating Hadiths and Sufi teachings but also for seeking the Prophet’s most profound insights and teachings
Monte Carlo investigation for an Ising model with competitive magnetic interactions in the dominant ferromagnetic-interaction regime
Authors: Nguyen Oanh K. T. , Nguyen Phong H. , Nguyen Niem T. , Bach Cong T. , Nguyen Huy D. , Bach Giang H.
Published: May 2023

We apply classical Monte Carlo simulation to examine the thermodynamic properties of perovskites described by the Ising model with competitive magnetic interactions. By correspondingly adjusting the ferromagnetic-interaction and antiferromagnetic-interaction probabilities, $p$ and $(1-p)$, in the regime $p \ge 0.5$, the temperature dependence of magnetization, total energy, spin susceptibility, and specific heat consistently show a ferromagnetic to paramagnetic (FM-PM) phase transition at a critical temperature $T_c$. Besides, the inverse susceptibility is confirmed to follow Curie-Weiss's law above another critical temperature $T_{CW}$. By increasing the FM interaction probability, we have observed the FM-PM critical temperature $T_c$ shifted to the higher value while the Curie-Weiss critical temperature $T_{CW}$ moves to the lower. The different values between these two critical temperatures imply the inhomogeneity of the systems having phase separation, thus in agreement with the increased homogeneity with increasing $p$.
TRADUÇÕES DAS DISPUTAS SOBRE A QUESTÃO DE GÊNERO NA BNCC
Authors: Lemos Cilésia , Della Fonte Sandra Soares
Published: May 2023

O artigo analisa como as questões de gênero estiveram em disputa no processo de construção da Base Nacional Comum Curricular. Para tanto, por meio de uma análise documental, foca-se o conflito sobre a permanência ou retirada da questão de gênero e orientação sexual nas três versões da BNCC apresentadas pelo Ministério da Educação entre 2015 e 2017. Nas duas primeiras versões desse documento, esse tema esteve presente e foi, de certo modo, privilegiado, ao ser compreendido como eixo fundamental no processo educacional em conjunto com outros marcadores sociais como origem, classe e raça/etnia. Sob os impactos do golpe contra Dilma Rousseff, a sua última versão assumiu um caráter esvaziado quanto ao assunto. Essa “assepsia” não pode ser desvinculada da aliança entre neoliberalismo e neoconservadorismo no país. Constata-se que o modo como se movimentam as políticas educacionais em relação à discussão de gênero funciona como um dos termômetros possíveis para avaliar a correlação das forças sociais no Brasil e a construção de sua democracia em seus avanços e retrocessos.