bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on emotion classification technology of movie reviews based on topic attention mechanism and dual channel long short term memory
Authors: Wang Yufei
Published: April 2023

In recent years, with the popularity of the Internet, more and more people like to comment on movies they have watched on the film platform after watching them. These reviews hide the reviewers’ feedback on films. Mining the emotional orientation information in these reviews can provide consumers with shopping references and help businesses optimize film works and improve business strategies. Therefore, the emotional classification of film reviews has high research value because few emotion dictionaries and analysis tools are available for reference and use in film reviews. The accuracy of emotion classification still needs to be improved. This study introduces the attention mechanism and dual channel long short term memory (DC-LSTM) while building the emotion dictionary in the field of Chinese film review. It classifies Chinese film reviews in terms of topic-based fine-grained emotion. First, the emotion vector is constructed using the constructed movie review emotion lexicon. The semantic vector obtained by the Word2vector tool is input to LSTM to encode the comment text. Then, the topic attention module is used to decode. Finally, the final emotion classification result is obtained through the softmax function of the entire link layer and the output layer. The thematic attention modules constructed in this study are independent of each other for attention parameter adjustment and learning. One attention module corresponds to one film theme. In this study, eight themes, including “plot,” “special effects,” “original work,” “music,” “thought,” “theme,” “acting skills,” and “joke,” were extracted, and each theme was classified into three types of emotions: “positive,” “neutral,” and “negative.” The experimental results on the crawled Chinese film review dataset show that the proposed algorithm is superior to some existing algorithms and models in accuracy, precision, recall and F1 measure. The DCLSTM based on the thematic attention mechanism (DCLSTM-TAM) model constructed in this study introduces the emotion vector into the network and adds the theme attention mechanism. It can not only classify the emotion for different topics of a film review but also effectively deal with film reviews with fuzzy emotional tendencies. It realizes the fine-grained emotion classification of film topics and improves the accuracy of emotion classification of film reviews. The emotion classification method and model proposed in this study have good transferability, and the change of training corpus is also applicable to other short text fields.
Heterochely and handedness in the orange mud crab Scylla olivacea: implication for future culture practice optimisation
Authors: Rozaimi Rusydi , Shu-Chien Alexander Chong , Wang Youji , Sutikno Sutikno , Ikhwanuddin Mhd , Shi Xi , Azmie Ghazali , Fazhan Hanafiah , Waiho Khor
Published: April 2023

Asymmetric body traits in bilateral organisms are common and serve a range of different functions. In crustaceans, specifically among brachyuran crabs, heterochely and handedness in some species are known to aid in behavioural responses such as food acquisition, and sexual and territorial displays. However, the heterochely of the intertidal mud crab genus Scylla is still poorly understood. This study investigated the cheliped morphometric characteristics of orange mud crab Scylla olivacea and the relation of heterochely and handedness to sex. Scylla olivacea is heterochelous, with predominant right-handed (70.2%). Three morphometric variables, i.e., propodus length (PL), propodus depth (PD), and propodus width (PW) were significantly larger in the right cheliped and the estimated handedness based on these three variables were consistent with the presence of molariform teeth. The effect of sex had no influence on the occurrence of heterochely or handedness. The frequency of left-handedness increased with size, especially in males. We postulate that handedness reversal, a phenomenon seen in other crab species when the dominant hand is lost, also occurs in S. olivacea, thereby resulting in a change in left-handedness frequency. The use of chelipeds by males in mate and territorial defenses might provide an explanation for the higher risk of losing a dominant cheliped and thus, higher left-handedness frequency compared to females. Future behavioural research could shed light on the selective forces that affect the handedness distribution in mud crabs. Knowledge on heterochely and handedness of mud crabs could be useful for future development of less aggressive crab populations by claw reversal and the optimisation of limb autotomy techniques.
Prevalence of Insomnia and its Associated Factors among Geriatric Population in an Urban Locality of Bengaluru, Karnataka, India- A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sanjay Thittamaranahalli Varadappa , Thejaswini Puttaiah , Vinay Javaregowda , Nandini Rajashekar Chandrashekar , Kavya Upadhya , Aparna Agire
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Insomnia is a major public health concern among the aged population due to its impact on quality of life and raises an economic burden to the family and community. However, in the Indian scenario, the lack of information from communitybased studies, stresses the need to assess the prevalence and factors associated with insomnia. Aim: To find out the prevalence of insomnia and its associated factors, among aged population in an urban locality of Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the urban field practise area of a Medical College in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, with 880 elderly subjects, from October 2016 to March 2017. Using Probability Proportional to Size (PPS), study subjects were surveyed in eight urban localities under Urban Health Training Centre. Insomnia was assessed by using {Difficulty in Maintaining Sleep (DSM)-IV-TR} diagnostic criteria. Variables associated with insomnia such as socio-personal characteristics and financial status was also assessed. The data was analysed using Chi-square test. Results: The mean age of study subjects was 67.5±3.4 years and 455 (51.7%) were females and 425 (48.3%) were males. The prevalence of insomnia among aged population was 571 (64.9%) and prevalence of insomnia was more among females (p<0.001), Hindu by religion (p=0.001), unemployed (p<0.001), single (p<0.001), those with poor Self-Perceived Health (SPH) status (p<0.001), chronic diseases (p<0.001), history of stressful life events (p<0.001), with financial dependency (p<0.001) and social assistance (p<0.001). Conclusion: The present study revealed high prevalence of insomnia and female, Hindu religion, unemployment, single, poor SPH status, presence of chronic diseases, history of stressful life events, presence of financial dependency and social assistance found to be significantly associated with insomnia.
Factors Affect Customers’ Intention to Continue Using Mobile Banking Services at Vietnam Construction Bank
Authors: Nguyen Thi-Trang-Nhung
Published: April 2023

This study aims to test the model of factors affecting the continued use of mobile banking services at Vietnam Construction Bank. The article Using integrated technology acceptance model (TAM) and inheriting the research results of Luarn and Lin [1] and Kazi and Mannan [2] to propose a research model. e study uses qualitative research methods through interviews, personal opinion collection and formal quantitative methods using a sample of size 210. The research results show that 5 factors: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, trust, social influence, perceived cost have a positive impact on the intention to continue using the service. Mobile Banking service. Particularly, Risk perception has a negative impact on the intention to continue using Mobile Banking services. The results also show that the proposed theoretical model is consistent with market data and the assumptions in the model are accepted. The governance implications, limitations of and directions for further research are also discussed in the article.
The Status and Trends of Food Fraud in Tamale, Ghana
Authors: Lawal Mohammed , Yahaya Damba , Murtala Shamsiyatu , Sulley Yahaya Sumara
Published: April 2023

Despite its seriousness, food fraud has not received the necessary attention in Ghana’s discourse on food safety. Food fraud is generally considered as the intentional misrepresentation of the contents or identity of food for economic gain. The study was aimed at assessing the food fraud awareness level of participants as well as the foods most likely to be implicated in food fraud cases in Tamale, Ghana. Data was collected from 385 participants, including food business operators and consumers, via a simple random sampling technique using a structured questionnaire. Most participants (54%) were not aware of food fraud and its related activities before the study. Beverages and juices, fruits and vegetables, spices, oils, meat and fish, baked foods, honey, milk, and semi-processed local foods such as groundnut paste, "Dawadawa," “Kulikuli zim,” and “Agushi powder” were all revealed to be implicated in food fraud by respondents. Adulteration was the most common food fraud action, but tampering, substitution, and mislabeling were also identified as ongoing in the study area. “Moora” (Bixa orellana seeds) was revealed as the key adulterant used in most foods. Food fraud, which is a threat to consumer health and well-being, is active in the region and is predicted to increase without strict regulation and increased sensitization about its dangers. The fight against food fraud should be refocused on making food defense systems like vulnerability analysis and critical control points (VACCP) a key aspect of food safety systems to tackle food fraud.
Antiretroviral Treatment of HIV/AIDS During Pregnancy
Authors: Eke Ahizechukwu C. , Lockman Shahin , Mofenson Lynne M.
Published: April 2023

This Insights in the Women’s Health series describes the availability, timing, and risks of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in pregnant individuals who have HIV infection.
What Should I Know About Hormones for Symptoms of Menopause?
Authors: Zhang Grace Y. , Incze Michael A.
Published: April 2023

This JAMA Internal Medicine Patient Page describes hormone therapy to treat the symptoms of menopause.
Biomass‐Based, Interface Tunable, and Dual‐Responsive Pickering Emulsions for Smart Release of Pesticides
Authors: Yu Xiaona , Li Xue , Ma Shuaishuai , Wang Yihui , Zhu Wanbin , Wang Hongliang
Published: April 2023

The extremely low utilization efficiency of pesticides has driven people to develop low‐cost, sustainable, and smart delivery systems. Pickering emulsion (PE) derived from biomass is an attractive candidate. However, the stability of PE is insufficient, and pesticide release from PE can be hardly tuned. Herein, a facile in situ PE modification strategy to construct a stable and high‐performance pesticide delivery system from biomass resources is reported. In this process, PE stabilized by alkali lignin nanoparticles is initially prepared, and subsequently, opposite‐charged chitosan (CH), and sodium lignosulfonate (SL) are alternatively deposited onto the PE interface through layer‐by‐layer assembly to form a microcapsule system (CH+SL)n@PE. The resulting biomass‐based microcapsules show improved stability, high encapsulation efficiency, and super UV protection to avermectin (AVM), a hydrophobic and photo‐sensitive pesticide. Furthermore, the shell thickness of microcapsules can be finely tuned by controlling the deposited CH+SL layers, which enable (CH+SL)n@PE to have adjustable release behaviors. (CH+SL)20@PE prolongs the half‐life of AVM under UV irradiation by 5.0‐fold. Moreover, (CH+SL)n@PE exhibits pH and laccase dual responsiveness, which is beneficial to the targeted release of AVM in vivo. Therefore, the current PE modification strategy can provide an eco‐friendly, low‐cost, and smart system for precise delivery of pesticides.
Nanoscale Management of CO Transport in CO2 Electroreduction: Boosting Faradaic Efficiency to Multicarbon Products via Nanostructured Tandem Electrocatalysts
Authors: Wei Chaolong , Yang Yuehua , Ma Haibin , Sun Guangxin , Wang Xin , Cheng Yaqi , Zhang Caiwei , Yeo Boon Siang , He Chunnian , Wong Andrew Barnabas
Published: April 2023

Tandem catalysis presents a promising strategy to improve the selectivity toward multicarbon products in the electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). For CO2RR, CO is a critical intermediate for producing multicarbon products. However, the management of CO localization and CO diffusion remains underexplored despite its critical role. Herein, a 3D tandem catalyst electrode with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) is designed to generate CO as an intermediate product within a copper (Cu) nanoneedle array. Via this nanostructured design, CO2 forms C2+ products with a high Faradaic efficiency (FEC2+) of 64% in an H‐cell and 70% in a flow cell with a current density of 350 mA cm−2. These figures‐of‐merit are currently among the top literature reports. More importantly, in situ Raman spectroscopy and finite‐element method calculations are employed to elucidate the origins of enhanced selectivity. These approaches reveal the crucial role of prolonging the CO diffusion path length for improving CO utilization during CO2 conversion with tandem catalyst systems. The favorable CO2RR FEC2+ in two distinct environments (H‐cell and flow cell) further corroborates that this effect is not limited to a particular reactor environment. Overall, this study provides new insights for designing tandem catalysts for improved CO2RR selectivity to C2+ products.
Solidly Mounted Resonators with Ultra‐High Operating Frequencies Based on 3R‐MoS2 Atomic Flakes
Authors: Yang Yang , Sun Jiayi , Cai Weifan , Liu Zheng , Dejous Corinne , De Matos Magali , Hallil Hamida , Zhang Qing
Published: April 2023

Conventional bulk and thin piezoelectric materials based film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs) are facing an insurmountable challenge for millimetric frequency applications due to the poor piezoelectric properties of the materials when their thickness reaches the sub‐micron regime. Novel FBARs for ultra‐high working frequencies are in urgent demand to meet the requirements of the fast‐growing 5/6G telecommunication techniques. Recent advances in 2D piezoelectric nanomaterials create an opportunity in this perspective. Here, the first FBAR chip based on 2D 3R‐MoS2 ultrathin piezoelectric flakes with a solidly mounted resonator (SMR) architecture is reported. The typical resonant frequency for an SMR device based on ≈200 nm 3R‐MoS2 flake reaches over 25 GHz with high reproducibility. Theoretical and finite element analysis suggest that the observed resonance is of longitudinal acoustic modes. This study demonstrates for the first time that the access to 2D piezoelectric nanomaterials makes high performance piezoelectric devices feasible for various promising applications including high‐speed telecommunication, acousto‐optic, and sensor fields,etc.
Voltage Hysteresis in Transition Metal Oxide Cathodes for Li/Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Fei , Liu Renbin , Liu Jie , Li Hongsen
Published: April 2023

The pursuit of rechargeable batteries with high energy density has triggered enormous efforts in developing cathode materials for lithium/sodium (Li/Na)‐ion batteries considering their extremely high specific capacity. Many materials are being researched for battery applications, and transition metal oxide materials with remarkable electrochemical performance stand out among numerous cathode candidates for next‐generation battery. Notwithstanding the merits, daunting challenges persist in the quest for further battery developments targeting lower cost, longer lifespan, improved energy density and enhanced safety. This is, in part, because the voltage hysteresis between the charge and discharge cycles, is historically avoided in intercalation electrodes because of its association with structural disorder and electrochemical irreversibility. Given the great potential of these materials for next‐generation batteries, a review of the recent understanding of voltage hysteresis is timely. This review presents the origin of their undesirable behaviors and materials design criteria to mitigate them by integrating various schools of thought. A large amount of progressive characterization techniques related to voltage hysteresis are summarized from the literature, along with the corresponding measurable range used in their determination. Finally, promising design trends with eliminated voltage hysteresis are tentatively proposed to revive these important cathode materials toward practical applications.
Surface Defect Suppression for High Color Purity Light‐Emitting Diode of Free‐Standing Single‐Crystal Perovskite Film
Authors: Li Lutao , Hu Yun , Chen Yuan , Wang Chen , Zhao Guoxiang , Du Xinyu , Wang Chaoqiang , Xiao Lingbo , Lu Zheng , Wang Jiong , Wang Dan , Jie Jiansheng , Huang Jingsong , Zou Guifu
Published: April 2023

High color purity is one of the important features for single‐crystal metal halide perovskite light‐emitting diode (LED). Despite single‐crystal perovskite showing low bulk defect concentration, single‐crystal perovskite LEDs do not exhibit high color purity advantage due to the absence of effective surface defect passivation. Herein, one fully wrapped structure is proposed to passivate the surface of the free‐standing CsPbBr3 single‐crystal films. The surface of CsPbBr3 single‐crystal films is wrapped by ultra‐thin polymethyl methacrylate, precisely controlling the thickness. The single‐crystal perovskite film device can achieve high color purity with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 15.8 nm) and a large luminescent area of 2.25 mm2. It is observed that surface passivation is due to interaction of CO bond in polymer chains with the Lewis acid PbBr2. The passivated perovskite single‐crystal films significantly improve carrier lifetime and suppress surface defects. It is noteworthy that the passivated free‐standing single‐crystal perovskite films are feasible to build up a vertical LED device structure, avoiding the edge glowing and short‐circuiting of the LED device. This study demonstrates the large luminescent area of the high‐quality millimetre‐scale free‐standing single‐crystal films for wide color gamut display and vertical optoelectronic devices.
Chiral Metallopolymers for Redox‐Mediated Enantioselective Interactions
Authors: Jeon Jemin , Elbert Johannes , Chung Ching‐Hsiu , Chae Junice , Su Xiao
Published: April 2023

Synthetic chiral platforms can be a powerful platform for enantioselective interactions, especially when coupled with redox‐mediated electrochemical processes. While metallopolymers are versatile platforms for molecularly selective binding, their application for chiral applications is limited. In particular, the recognition and separation of biologically relevant chiral molecules can be key for biomanufacturing and diagnostics. Here, the design of chiral redox‐polymers enables electrochemically‐controlled enantioselective interactions, and supramolecular chirality is leveraged for enhancing recognition towards target enantiomers. Chiral redox‐metallopolymers are synthesized based on Ugi's amine‐inspired chiral monomers, and their enantioselective recognition toward ionic enantiomers such as tryptophan and naproxen is demonstrated, with higher enanhcement provided by the chiral redox‐polymer over the single‐site, chiral building bloack itelf. 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and solid‐state circular dichroism support the emergence of supramolecular chirality resulting from the intramolecular interaction between the ferrocene and the alkyl group in the backbone. The half potential shift of the redox‐polymers behaves linearly from 0% to 100%ee l‐tryptophan to enable enantiomer quantification. Investigation on solvent polarity and pH effect reveal that the enantioselective mechanism is attributed to the subtle balance between hydrogen bonding and π–π interaction. This study highlights the potential of chiral redox‐metallopolymers as platforms for electrochemically‐modulated enantioselective interactions towards a range of amino acids and pharmaceutical carboxylates.
Nanocellulose‐Carboxymethylcellulose Electrolyte for Stable, High‐Rate Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Lin , Meng Taotao , Zheng Xueying , Li Tangyuan , Brozena Alexandra H. , Mao Yimin , Zhang Qian , Clifford Bryson Callie , Rao Jiancun , Hu Liangbing
Published: April 2023

Aqueous Zn ion batteries (ZIBs) are one of the most promising battery chemistries for grid‐scale renewable energy storage. However, their application is limited by issues such as Zn dendrite formation and undesirable side reactions that can occur in the presence of excess free water molecules and ions. In this study, a nanocellulose‐carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogel electrolyte is demonstrated that features stable cycling performance and high Zn2+conductivity (26 mS cm−1), which is attributed to the material's strong mechanical strength (≈70 MPa) and water‐bonding ability. With this electrolyte, the Zn‐metal anode shows exceptional cycling stability at an ultra‐high rate, with the ability to sustain a current density as high as 80 mA cm−2for more than 3500 cycles and a cumulative capacity of 17.6 Ah cm−2(40 mA cm−2). Additionally, side reactions, such as hydrogen evolution and surface passivation, are substantially reduced due to the strong water‐bonding capacity of the CMC. Full Zn||MnO2batteries fabricated with this electrolyte demonstrate excellent high‐rate performance and long‐term cycling stability (>500 cycles at 8C). These results suggest the cellulose‐CMC electrolyte as a promising low‐cost, easy‐to‐fabricate, and sustainable aqueous‐based electrolyte for ZIBs with excellent electrochemical performance that can help pave the way toward grid‐scale energy storage for renewable energy sources.
A Liquid Metal Microdroplets Initialized Hemicellulose Composite for 3D Printing Anode Host in Zn‐Ion Battery
Authors: Shi Ge , Peng Xinwen , Zeng Jiaming , Zhong Linxin , Sun Yuan , Yang Wu , Zhong Yu Lin , Zhu Yuxuan , Zou Ren , Admassie Shimelis , Liu Zhaoqing , Liu Chuanfu , Iwuoha Emmanuel I. , Lu Jun
Published: April 2023

Maintaining a steady affinity between gallium‐based liquid metals (LM) and polymer binders, particularly under continuous mechanical deformation, such as extrusion‐based 3D printing or plating/stripping of Zinc ion (Zn2+), is very challenging. Here, an LM‐initialized polyacrylamide‐hemicellulose/EGaIn microdroplets hydrogel is used as a multifunctional ink to 3D‐print self‐standing scaffolds and anode hosts for Zn‐ion batteries. The LM microdroplets initiate acrylamide polymerization without additional initiators and cross‐linkers, forming a double‐covalent hydrogen‐bonded network. The hydrogel acts as a framework for stress dissipation, enabling recovery from structural damage due to the cyclic plating/stripping of Zn2+. The LM‐microdroplet‐initialized polymerization with hemicelluloses can facilitate the production of 3D printable inks for energy storage devices.
A Hierarchical Hybrid MXenes Interlayer with Triple Function for Room‐Temperature Sodium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Huang Zefu , Wang Shijian , Guo Xin , Safaei Javad , Lei Yaojie , Lai Wei‐Hong , Zhang Xiuyun , Sun Bing , Shanmukaraj Devaraj , Armand Michel , Rojo Teofilo , Wang Guoxiu
Published: April 2023

Room temperature sodium sulfur (RT Na‐S) batteries with high theoretical energy density and low cost have recently gained extensive attention for potential large‐scale energy storage applications. However, the shuttle effect of sodium polysulfides is still the main challenge that leads to poor cycling stability, which hinders the practical application of RT Na‐S batteries. Herein, a multifunctional hybrid MXene interlayer is designed to stabilize the cycling performance of RT Na‐S batteries. The hybrid MXene interlayer comprises a large‐sized Ti3C2Tx nanosheets inner layer followed by a small‐sized Mo2Ti2C3Tx nanoflake outer layer on the surface of the glass fiber (GF) separator. The large‐sized Ti3C2Tx nanosheet inner layer provides an effective physical block and chemical confinement for the soluble polysulfides. The small‐sized Mo2Ti2C3Tx outer layer offers an excellent polysulfide trapping capability and accelerates the reaction kinetics of polysulfide conversion, due to its superior electronic conductivity, large specific surface area, and Mo‐rich catalytic surfaces. As a result, RT Na‐S batteries with this hybrid MXene interlayer modified glass fiber separator deliver a stable cycling performance over 200 cycles at 1 C with an enhanced capacity retention of 71%. This unique structure design provides a novel strategy to develop 2D material‐based functional interlayer for high‐performance metal‐sulfur batteries.
Near‐Infrared Persistent Phosphor‐Mediated Smart Sensing Light‐Emitting Diodes for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems
Authors: Zhang Shaoan , Zeng Jiawen , Ye Huacong , Li Zhenzhang , Lv Yang , Xiong Liangbin , Hu Yihua , Li Yang
Published: April 2023

Compared with conventional phosphor‐converted near‐infrared light‐emitting diodes (NIR pc‐LEDs), near‐infrared persistent phosphor‐converted LEDs (NIR ppc‐LEDs) are applicable not only in conventional systems but also novel devices in the fields of intelligent security, driverless vehicle technology, and virtual reality. However, NIR ppc‐LEDs have not been extensively investigated. Herein, a novel NIR ppc‐LEDs with the prepared SrAl12O19: Fe3+, Mg2+, Ti4+ NIR persistent phosphors is designed. In relation to pc‐LEDs, the new ppc‐LED exhibits full‐spectral responsive sensing ability during the photostimulated mediation of lattice defects. Furthermore, using the ppc‐LED as a smart sensing LED in a digital NIR imaging system, optical feedback could be converted to a digital signal in a self‐regulated visible‐to‐NIR operation mode. These results imply that the designed ppc‐LED, as a smart sensing LED with full‐spectral responsive ability, greatly enhances the sensitivity of digital NIR imaging, particularly low‐light digital NIR imaging, which has recently drawn considerable attention in the fields of advanced driver assistance systems and VR/AR technology.
Towards stable wheat grain yield and quality under climatic instability
Authors: Bonfil David J. , Abbo Shahal , Degen Doron , Simchon Yasmin , Ben‐David Roi
Published: April 2023

Global wheat production is likely to be affected by projected warming and water scarcity. As climate changes faster than breeding, we focused on genotypic and environmental effects on grain production and quality of present wheat cultivars. To mimic the continuous challenges farmers face given the erratic rainy seasonal and temperature pattern of the Eastern Mediterranean, 15 commercial hard spring wheat (HSW) cultivars were evaluated at Gilat Research Center, Israel, over four seasons constituting 33 independent dryland field environments. Grains of HSW samples from commercial and experimental nurseries across Israel over three seasons were also analyzed to represent the Eastern Mediterranean wheat agroclimatic span. Samples were analyzed for grain yield and quality traits. High humidity and mild temperature during grain filling were associated with higher production, flour extraction, and dough extensibility; whereas high precipitation was mainly associated with lower protein, lower gluten content, and dough tenacity. Correlation between grain protein content and wet gluten was affected by environment and is cultivar dependent, as precipitation during a specific phase plays a major factor for some cultivars, while others are affected more by temperature, humidity, or other factors. Test weight and gluten index showed the clearest relation between performance and variation, enabling to identify cultivar stability across environments. Stable cultivars are more acceptable in the market, however, if a specific quality parameter is highly important for the millers and/or the bakers then the stability of this parameter under multiple growth conditions might serve as a decision support tool for on‐farm commercial cultivar selection.
A review of metal nanoparticle‐based surface‐enhanced Raman scattering substrates for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) detection
Authors: Abu Bakar Norhayati , Yusoff Nur Nazhifah , Nor Azmi Farah Shahadah , Shapter Joseph George
Published: April 2023

Monitoring an infectious disease early using highly sensitive and non‐invasive techniques is critical for human health. Interestingly, the development of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for biological detection ideally fits these medical requirements and is rapidly growing as a powerful diagnostic tool. SERS can enhance the Raman signal of the target molecule by more than 106 after the adsorption of the molecule on the plasmonic nanostructured surface. This review provides an overview of the use of gold and silver nanoparticles in SERS substrate designs, followed by the development of these SERS substrates in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) detection.
Cytoplasmic YAP1‐mediated ESCRT‐III assembly promotes autophagic cell death and is ubiquitinated by NEDD4L in breast cancer
Authors: Guo Yan , Cui Yuqing , Li Yangyang , Jin Xiaoying , Wang Dandan , Lei Mengxia , Chen Fengzhi , Liu Yali , Xu Jinwen , Yao Guanyu , Zeng Guangchun , Chen Xuesong
Published: April 2023

Background

Nuclear Yes1‐associated transcriptional regulator (YAP1) promotes tumor progression. However, the function of cytoplasmic YAP1 in breast cancer cells and its impact on the survival of breast cancer patients remain unclear. Our research aimed to explore the biological function of cytoplasmic YAP1 in breast cancer cells and the possibility of cytoplasmic YAP1 as a predictive marker of breast cancer survival.

Methods

We constructed cell mutant models, including NLS‐YAP15SA (nuclear localized), YAP1S94A (incapable of binding to the TEA domain transcription factor family) and YAP1S127D (cytoplasmic localized), and used Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assays, 5‐ethynyl‐2’‐deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assays, and Western blotting (WB) analysis to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis. The specific mechanism of cytoplasmic YAP1‐mediated endosomal sorting complexes required for transport III (ESCRT‐III) assembly was studied by co‐immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence staining, and WB analysis. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was used to simulate YAP1 retention in the cytoplasm in in vitro and in vivo experiments to study the function of cytoplasmic YAP1. YAP1 binding to NEDD4‐like E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (NEDD4L) was identified using mass spectrometry and was verified in vitro. Breast tissue microarrays were used to analyze the relationship between cytoplasmic YAP1 expression and the survival of breast cancer patients.

Results

YAP1 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm in breast cancer cells. Cytoplasmic YAP1 promoted autophagic death of breast cancer cells. Cytoplasmic YAP1 bound to the ESCRT‐III complex subunits charged multivesicular body protein 2B (CHMP2B) and vacuolar protein sorting 4 homolog B (VPS4B), promoting assembly of CHMP2B‐VPS4B and activating autophagosome formation. EGCG retained YAP1 in the cytoplasm, promoting the assembly of CHMP2B‐VPS4B to promote autophagic death of breast cancer cells. YAP1 bound to NEDD4L, and NEDD4L mediated ubiquitination and degradation of YAP1. Breast tissue microarrays revealed that high levels of cytoplasmic YAP1 were beneficial to the survival of breast cancer patients.

Conclusions

Cytoplasmic YAP1 mediated autophagic death of breast cancer cells by promoting assembly of the ESCRT‐III complex; furthermore, we established a new breast cancer survival prediction model based on cytoplasmic YAP1 expression.
Amperometric Detection of Glucose Using a Bimetallic Polymeric Film on a Pencil Graphite Electrode
Authors: Jose Stephy , Das Sudev , C Beula , Vakamalla Teja Reddy , Sen Dipak
Published: April 2023

A non‐enzymatic electrochemical sensor was to be developed for the detection of glucose by combining the features of a molecularly imprinted polymer, the high conductive nature of polyaniline, and hierarchical dendritic structures. To meet this aim, a bimetallic film‐coated graphite electrode was electropolymerized in the presence of aniline monomers to obtain a glucose‐imprinted bimetallic polymeric film‐coated electrode. The parameters affecting the electrodeposition were optimized using Minitab 19.1 software, and the mechanism of electrooxidation of glucose on the electrode surface was proposed. Electrochemical and morphological characterization of the fabricated electrode revealed its sensitivity toward millimolar amounts of glucose and showed higher selectivity in the presence of interfering species.
Praziquantel – 50 Years of Research
Authors: Waechtler Andreas , Cezanne Bertram , Maillard David , Sun Rui , Wang Shaofang , Wang Jihua , Harder Achim
Published: April 2023

Investigations on praziquantel (PZQ) started fifty years ago by a cooperation between Bayer AG and Merck KGaA. Until today PZQ is the drug of choice for schistosomiasis in human medicine and used in many combinations with antinematode drugs in veterinary medicine. The Sm.TRPMPZQ, a Ca2+ ‐permeable transient receptor potential (TRP) channel, has been discovered as primary target of PZQ during the last decade. Furthermore, there is a short overview of routes of large‐scale synthesis of racemic and pure (R)‐PZQ. Until now racemic PZQ is used in veterinary and human medicine. In 2012 the Pediatric Praziquantel Consortium started PZQ chemistry and process development of pure (R)‐PZQ for human application. It is hoped that (R)‐PZQ will become available for pediatric use soon. The knowledge of the binding pocket of PZQ in Sm.TRPMPZQ allows to design synthesis of PZQ‐derivatives of the next generation for a target‐site directed screening. A similar screening should also be started for Fasciola hepatica TRPMPZQ.
How social media can help to understand treatment experiences of survivors of rare cancers: Findings from the Granulosa Cell Tumor Survivor Sisters Facebook group member survey
Authors: White Victoria M. , Alexiadis Maria , Eroh Kimberly D. , Ackermann M. Kaye , Rodgers Sue , Langdale Linda M. , Armour Natasha E. , Jobling Thomas W. , Fuller Peter J. , Chu Simon
Published: April 2023

Background

Engaging with online social media consumer groups for rare cancers may help to develop collaborations between consumers and researchers. This study, a collaboration with the Granulosa Cell Tumor‐Survivor Sisters (GCT‐SS) Facebook group, explores the results of their survey of member's treatment and follow‐up experiences.

Methods

Members of the closed multinational GCT‐SS Facebook group completed a 43‐item survey covering symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, recurrence, follow‐up, and possible risk factors for GCT. Group members could have adult (aGCT) or juvenile (jGCT) disease. Data was collected via an online survey between 2014 and 2019.

Results

A total of 743 members (average 4.4 years [SD = 5.9] post‐diagnosis) participated including 52 with jGCT. A total of 67% had stage I disease and 8% had stage III–IV at diagnosis, although 30% of aGCT and 25% of jGCT reported recurrent disease at survey completion. A total of 48% of aGCT had laparoscopic surgery, tumor encapsulation was reported by 49%, and tumor bagging reported by 29% overall (37% laparoscopic; 8% open). Recurrence rates were higher when the tumor was cut or ruptured (ruptured: p < .001; cut: p = .01). A total of 19% of aGCT had chemotherapy with this most common for stage II‐III disease. Bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin protocols became less common over time (diagnosed before 2015: 47% vs. diagnosed post‐2015: 21%).

Conclusions

This is one of the largest surveys of GCT treatment. Members of the GCT‐SS group report treatment patterns generally in line with those found from clinical audits. Using naturally forming consumer groups may assist with developing the evidence base for care and supporting those living with GCT ovarian cancer.

Plain language summary

This study is a collaboration between members of Granulosa Cell Tumor‐Survivor Sisters (GCT‐SS) Facebook group and researchers to assess members' experiences of treatment and follow‐up.

A total of 743 members (52 with juvenile GCT) completed an online survey.

A total of 67% had stage I disease at diagnosis.

Treatment patterns were generally in line with those found from clinical audits: 95% had surgery and 19% of those with adult GCT had chemotherapy.

A total of 30% reported recurrent disease, with recurrence occurring within 5 years of diagnosis for 33%.

Using naturally forming consumer groups may assist with developing the evidence base for care and supporting those living with GCT ovarian cancer.
Synthesis of Benzene Derivatives with Multiple Dichlorophosphino Groups
Authors: Zander Edgar , Schweidt Lea , Purschke Simon , Michalik Dirk , Villinger Alexander , Bresien Jonas , Schulz Axel
Published: April 2023

The chlorination of 1,2‐diphosphinobenzene with PCl5 to 1,2‐bis(dichlorophosphino)benzene was performed with high yields (93 %) despite the high number of P−H functions. The method was further applied to other phosphanes, enabling the first synthesis and complete characterization of 1,2,4‐tris(dichlorophosphino)benzene (89 % yield) and 1,2,4,5‐tetrakis(dichlorophosphino)benzene (91 % yield), valuable precursors for example for binuclear complexes, coordination polymers, organic wires, or metal–organic frameworks. The application of the chlorophosphanes in base induced ring closure reactions with primary amines is demonstrated.
A Stunt of Sustainability: Artificial Humic Substances Can Generate and Stabilize Single Fe0 Species on Mineral Surfaces
Authors: Yang Fan , Tarakina Nadezda , Antonietti Markus
Published: April 2023

Iron species are omnipresent in fertile soils and contribute to biological and geological redox processes. Here, we show by advanced electron microscopy techniques that an important, but previously not considered iron species, single atom Fe0 stabilized on clay mineral surfaces, is contained in soils when humic substances are present. As the concentration of neutral iron atoms is highest under frost logged soil conditions, their formation can be attributed to the action of a then reductive microbiome. The Fe0/Fe2+ couple is with −0.04 V standard potential highly suited for natural environmental remediation and detoxification, and its occurrence can help to explain the sustained auto‐detoxification of black soils.
First insight into the phylogeny of fine‐leaved Festuca in the Altai Mountain Country based on genome‐wide genotyping
Authors: Kriuchkova Elizaveta A. , Baiakhmetov Evgenii , Nobis Marcin , Gudkova Polina D.
Published: April 2023

Festuca is one of the largest genera within the Poaceae family. Molecular phylogenies demonstrate that Festuca s.l. comprises two groups: broad‐ and fine‐leaved species. The latter is the species‐richest and taxonomically complicated group due to being paraphyletic. Here, we provide the first insight into the phylogeny of 17 fine‐leaved species of Altai fescues. Based on genome‐wide genotyping, the examined taxa were divided into three markedly differentiated clusters. The first cluster comprises species from the F. rubra complex, the second cluster includes the F. brachyphylla complex, and the third cluster contains taxa from the groups F. ovina, F. valesiaca, and F. kryloviana. Importantly, we detected a complex genetic pattern within the groups of F. valesiaca and F. kryloviana. Moreover, our findings underline a discrepancy between morphological and molecular data for some species distributed within the Altai Mountain Country. We suggest that in order to validate the current findings on the fine‐leaved fescues, additional comprehensive research including morphological, karyological, and molecular methods is required. Nonetheless, our work provides a baseline for further investigations on the genus and studies on the floral diversity of Asia.
African Queens find mates when males are rare
Authors: Rutagarama Vincent P. , Ireri Piera M. , Sibomana Constantin , Omufwoko Kennedy S. , Martin Simon H. , ffrench‐Constant Richard H. , Eckardt Winnie , Kaplin Beth K. , Smith David A. S. , Gordon Ian
Published: April 2023

In butterflies and moths, male‐killing endosymbionts are transmitted from infected females via their eggs, and the male progeny then perish. This means that successful transmission of the parasite relies on the successful mating of the host. Paradoxically, at the population level, parasite transmission also reduces the number of adult males present in the final population for infected females to mate with. Here we investigate if successful female mating when males are rare is indeed a likely rate‐limiting step in the transmission of male‐killing Spiroplasma in the African Monarch, Danaus chrysippus. In Lepidoptera, successful pairings are hallmarked by the transfer of a sperm‐containing spermatophore from the male to the female during copulation. Conveniently, this spermatophore remains detectable within the female upon dissection, and thus, spermatophore counts can be used to assess the frequency of successful mating in the field. We used such spermatophore counts to examine if altered sex ratios in the D. chrysippus do indeed affect female mating success. We examined two different field sites in East Africa where males were often rare. Surprisingly, mated females carried an average of 1.5 spermatophores each, regardless of male frequency, and importantly, only 10–20% remained unmated. This suggests that infected females will still be able to mate in the face of either Spiroplasma‐mediated male killing and/or fluctuations in adult sex ratio over the wet–dry season cycle. These observations may begin to explain how the male‐killing mollicute can still be successfully transmitted in a population where males are rare.
Establishment of a donor pig for xenotransplantation clinical trials based on the principle of Changsha Communiqué
Authors: Ma Xiaoqian , Li Sang , Wang Jia , Xu Chang , Wang Wei
Published: April 2023

Background

Xenotransplantation is a potential way to reduce the shortage of the needed organ grafts for the end‐stage disease. Immune rejection, physiological incompatibility and bio‐safety are the most critical issues.

Methods

To ensure the safety and efficacy of gene editing, second‐ and third‐generation sequencing technologies have allowed us to obtain a clearer genetic background of donor pigs for xenotransplantation. Based on the Changsha Communiqué, the local DPF‐ excluded lists and DPF donor facility were established in Changsha, China. A pig‐to‐human islet clinical trial was conducted and overseen by the respective Chinese governmental agency.

Results

The DPF standards for pig husbandry eliminated specific pathogens in donor pigs. We have established a PERV‐C free, genetic information clean, DPF donor for xenotransplantation. A clinical trial of ten adult patients (9M:1F) with type 1 diabetes who received DPF porcine islet xenotransplantation via the portal vein were performed. Clinical accepted immunosuppressant drugs and autologous Treg were used for controlling immune rejection. No cross‐species infection events occurred in this trial, and importantly, no cross‐species transmission of PERV was found.

Conclusions

Xenotransplantation is a pioneer study and safety is the most important issue. The fundamental principles for establishing xenotransplantation donor pigs should follow the Changsha Communiqué (2008), the second WHO consultation,and the 2018 Changsha Communiqué which would finally help reducing the risks of xenotransplantation.
Is primary health care worth it in the long run? Evidence from Brazil
Authors: Ferreira‐Batista Natalia Nunes , Teixeira Adriano Dutra , Diaz Maria Dolores Montoya , Postali Fernando Antonio Slaibe , Moreno‐Serra Rodrigo , Love‐Koh James
Published: April 2023

This paper assesses whether Brazilian primary health care is worth it in the long‐run by estimating the accumulated costs and benefits of its flagship, the Family Health Strategy program (ESF). We employ an alternative strategy centered on years of exposure to the program to incorporate its dynamics. We also account for the program's heterogeneity with respect to the remuneration of ESF health teams and the intensity of coverage across Brazilian municipalities, measure by the number of people assisted by each ESF team, on average. To address heterogeneity in professional earnings, this paper employs, for the first time, a dataset containing the remuneration of professionals allocated to all ESF teams nationwide. The benefits are measured by the avoided deaths and hospitalizations due to causes sensitive to primary care. Results suggest that the net monetary benefit of the program is positive on average, with an optimum time of exposure of approximately 16 years. Significant heterogeneities in cost‐benefit results were found since costs outweigh benefits in localities where the coverage is low intensive. On the other hand, the benefits outweigh the costs by 22.5% on average in municipalities with high intensive coverage.
CFO accounting education on the choice of earnings management
Authors: Tuo Ling , Du Ruixue , Liu Zhenfeng
Published: April 2023

This paper investigates whether CFO's educational background could influence his/her firm's level of earnings management because CFO plays a direct role in overseeing financial reporting. Based on agency theory and upper echelons theory, we discuss whether a CFO with/without an accounting degree could incentivize him/her to choose one over another among the three types of earnings management. Using a US sample between 1999 and 2016, we empirically find that CFOs with an accounting degree are associated with a higher degree of accrual earnings management and a higher degree of real earnings management through overproduction while CFOs without any accounting degree are associated with a higher degree of classification shifting. Our results hold robust when we implement a difference‐in‐difference test on the executive turnover from a CFO without any accounting degree to a CFO with an accounting degree. Finally, we find that CFOs with CPA certification behave more ethically in all three types of earnings management. Our study enriches the management demographic factor influence literature, unveils the role of CFO in choices of earnings management, supports ethics requirements in business education, and provides implications to executive hiring as well to audit practices.
Characterization of ablation conditions with the grayscale representation for Nd:YAG laser to decolor the blue‐ink on marble stone surface: Decoloration dependency on the laser flux power, wavelength, and the water spraying
Authors: Kasai Toshio , Verma Suraj , Muthiah Balaganesh , Chang Hsiu‐Pu , Mori Junich
Published: April 2023

Aiming at artwork restoration application, to decolor the blue‐ink stained marble stone surface was studied for finding out efficient ablation conditions with the use of Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser as the function of laser flux power, wavelength, and its water spray effect. The blue ink mostly consists of indigo dye which absorbs light in the visible region. The decoloration, or decolor efficiency, was evaluated by using the grayscale representation instead of the RGB method. Our experimental results show that the 532 and 355 nm wavelengths are more suitable for blue‐ink decoloration. No decoloration was observed at the 1,064 nm ablation, which is usually regarded as effective on black‐crust stained surfaces. The decolor effect of the water‐sprayed surface was found to be effective at the higher laser flux power. A photo‐absorption‐assisted laser ablation mechanism is proposed in addition to the plasma‐assisted laser ablation mechanism.