bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Updating and evaluating a research best practices training course for social and behavioral research professionals
Authors: Samuels Elias , Janevic Mary R. , Harper Alexandra E. , Lyden Angela K. , Jay Gina M. , Champagne Ellen , Murphy Susan L.
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

The clinical and translational research workforce involved in social and behavioral research (SBR) needs to keep pace with clinical research guidance and regulations. Updated information and a new module on community and stakeholder engagement were added to an existing SBR training course. This article presents evaluation findings of the updated course for the Social and Behavioral Workforce.

Methods and Materials:

Participants working across one university were recruited. Course completers were sent an online survey to evaluate the training. Some participants were invited to join in a focus group to discuss the application of the training to their work. We performed descriptive statistics and conducted a qualitative analysis on focus group data.

Results:

There were 99 participants from diverse backgrounds who completed the survey. Most reported the training was relevant to their work or that of the study teams they worked with. Almost half (46%) indicated they would work differently after participating. Respondents with community or stakeholder engaged research experience vs. those without were more likely to report that the new module was relevant to study teams they worked with (t = 5.61, p = 0.001), and that they would work differently following the training (t = 2.63, p = 0.01). Open-ended survey responses (n = 99) and focus group (n = 12) data showed how participants felt their work would be affected by the training.

Conclusion:

The updated course was rated highly, particularly by those whose work was related to the new course content. This course provides an up-to-date resource for the training and development for the Social and Behavioral Workforce.
Heat transport and flow structure in thermal convection with two liquid layers
Authors: Wang Mu , Chen Xin-Yu , Wang Wei , Wei Ping
Published: December 2023

We report an experimental investigation of the heat transport and flow field in a rectangular Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC) cell with two immiscible fluids: silicone oil and glycerol. The global heat transport of the system is divided into three ranges corresponding to the different flow structures formed in the glycerol layer. In range I, the glycerol layer is dominated by conduction, and no plume is formed over the interface. In range II, cellular rolls are formed in the glycerol layer and the horizontal motion of rolls causes an oscillation of temperature in the interface. In range III, the cellular pattern is time-independent, and the interface forms a group of wavelets with wave numbers consistent with the mode of the cellular pattern. In lower-thin glycerol, the Nusselt (Nu) grows from conduction to convection through an oscillating subcritical bifurcation at critical Rayleigh number

$Ra_c$

. The value of

$Ra_c$

in the present work is smaller than the theoretical prediction of both-rigid boundaries and greater than the prediction of one-rigid and one-free boundaries. In the upper-thick silicone oil layer,

$Nu$

increases with increasing

$Ra$

, but it is smaller than that of traditional RBC. For the silicone oil layer in two-layer RBC, the hot plumes emitting over the liquid–liquid interface showed different shape and different velocity from cold plumes emitting from the top rigid plate. This implies that the velocity boundary condition strongly influences the flow structure in turbulent convection.
A revised gap-averaged Floquet analysis of Faraday waves in Hele-Shaw cells
Authors: Bongarzone Alessandro , Jouron Baptiste , Viola Francesco , Gallaire François
Published: December 2023

Existing theoretical analyses of Faraday waves in Hele-Shaw cells rely on the Darcy approximation and assume a parabolic flow profile in the narrow direction. However, Darcy's model is known to be inaccurate when convective or unsteady inertial effects are important. In this work, we propose a gap-averaged Floquet theory accounting for inertial effects induced by the unsteady terms in the Navier–Stokes equations, a scenario that corresponds to a pulsatile flow where the fluid motion reduces to a two-dimensional oscillating Poiseuille flow, similarly to the Womersley flow in arteries. When gap-averaging the linearised Navier–Stokes equation, this results in a modified damping coefficient, which is a function of the ratio between the Stokes boundary layer thickness and the cell's gap, and whose complex value depends on the frequency of the wave response specific to each unstable parametric region. We first revisit the standard case of horizontally infinite rectangular Hele-Shaw cells by also accounting for a dynamic contact angle model. A comparison with existing experiments shows the predictive improvement brought by the present theory and points out how the standard gap-averaged model often underestimates the Faraday threshold. The analysis is then extended to the less conventional case of thin annuli. A series of dedicated experiments for this configuration highlights how Darcy's thin-gap approximation overlooks a frequency detuning that is essential to correctly predict the locations of the Faraday tongues in the frequency–amplitude parameter plane. These findings are well rationalised and captured by the present model.
How do proactive career behaviors translate into subjective career success and perceived employability? The role of thriving at work and humble leadership
Authors: Jiang Xinling , Qu Jinzhao , Lei Meng , Zhou Wenxia
Published: December 2023

While individuals’ proactive career behaviors (PCBs) are critical to sustainable career outcomes, knowledge of how and when PCBs translate into these outcomes is limited. Drawing upon the conservation of resources theory and the socially embedded model of thriving, this study examines the psychological process through which PCBs translate into two sustainable career outcomes (i.e., subjective career success and perceived employability). Based on data collected from 228 participants in a Chinese company, our findings reveal that PCBs positively predict subjective career success and perceived employability by fostering thriving at work. Furthermore, the indirect association between PCBs and perceived employability via thriving at work is strengthened when participants’ perception of humble leadership is high. This study extends our knowledge by identifying a psychological mechanism that explains how employees’ PCBs translate into sustainable career outcomes and enriches our understanding of the boundary conditions of PCBs by identifying humble leadership as an important factor.
Faunal and paleoenvironmental changes at a Cambrian (Jiangshanian; Steptoean–Sunwaptan boundary interval) trilobite extinction event, in contrasting deep- and shallow-subtidal settings, Nevada and Oklahoma
Authors: Westrop Stephen R. , Welch Katie F. , Engel Michael H. , Adrain Jonathan M.
Published: December 2023

Successions in Oklahoma and Nevada record trilobite extinction and replacement near the Steptoean–Sunwaptan boundary in inner-shelf and outer-shelf settings, respectively. Prior to the extinctions, different trilobite biofacies occupied these environments, but faunas became similar in composition across the environmental gradient in the overlying I. “major” and Taenicephalus zones. Faunal changes in the outer shelf at the I. “major” Zone begin at a drowning unconformity that brought dark, laminated calcisiltite and silty lime mudstone above a subtidal carbonate succession. In contrast, Oklahoma shows facies continuity in a succession of tidally influenced bioclastic carbonates. Loss of genera and a dramatic abundance “spike” of Irvingella are features of the I. “major” Zone in both regions. Turnover of biofacies occurred in the succeeding Taenicephalus Zone, with both the inner and outer shelf dominated by Orygmaspis (Parabolinoides). Blooms of orthid brachiopods in shallow water settings are underappreciated signals of faunal change in the extinction interval. Although absent from the outer shelf in Nevada, orthids became abundant enough in Oklahoma to form shell beds in the lower Taenicephalus Zone, but became rare in overlying strata. Carbon isotope stratigraphy includes a modest positive δ13C excursion that peaks in the extinction interval at 1.4‰ (Oklahoma) and 2.2‰ (Nevada), which is congruent with previous reports from Utah and Wyoming. Although consistent with regional upwelling of dysoxic waters, the absence of sedimentary evidence for significant environmental change over much of the shelf is problematic. This suggests that physical environmental change acted primarily as a catalyst for cascading ecological and biogeographic effects.
SOLVABLE GROUPS WHOSE NONNORMAL SUBGROUPS HAVE FEW ORDERS
Authors: HE LIJUAN , LV HENG , CHEN GUIYUN
Published: December 2023

Suppose that G is a finite solvable group. Let
$t=n_c(G)$
denote the number of orders of nonnormal subgroups of G. We bound the derived length
$dl(G)$
in terms of
$n_c(G)$
. If G is a finite p-group, we show that
$|G'|\leq p^{2t+1}$
and
$dl(G)\leq \lceil \log _2(2t+3)\rceil $
. If G is a finite solvable nonnilpotent group, we prove that the sum of the powers of the prime divisors of
$|G'|$
is less than t and that
$dl(G)\leq \lfloor 2(t+1)/3\rfloor +1$
.
COUNTING UNIONS OF SCHREIER SETS
Authors: BEANLAND KEVIN , GOROVOY DMITRIY , HODOR JĘDRZEJ , HOMZA DANIIL
Published: December 2023

A subset of positive integers F is a Schreier set if it is nonempty and
$|F|\leqslant \min F$
(here
$|F|$
is the cardinality of F). For each positive integer k, we define
$k\mathcal {S}$
as the collection of all the unions of at most k Schreier sets. Also, for each positive integer n, let
$(k\mathcal {S})^n$
be the collection of all sets in
$k\mathcal {S}$
with maximum element equal to n. It is well known that the sequence
$(|(1\mathcal {S})^n|)_{n=1}^\infty $
is the Fibonacci sequence. In particular, the sequence satisfies a linear recurrence. We show that the sequence
$(|(k\mathcal {S})^n|)_{n=1}^\infty $
satisfies a linear recurrence for every positive k.
INTERSECTING THE TORSION OF ELLIPTIC CURVES
Authors: GARCIA-FRITZ NATALIA , PASTEN HECTOR
Published: December 2023

Bogomolov and Tschinkel [‘Algebraic varieties over small fields’, Diophantine Geometry, U. Zannier (ed.), CRM Series, 4 (Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa, 2007), 73–91] proved that, given two complex elliptic curves
$E_1$
and
$E_2$
along with even degree-
$2$
maps
$\pi _j\colon E_j\to \mathbb {P}^1$
having different branch loci, the intersection of the image of the torsion points of
$E_1$
and
$E_2$
under their respective
$\pi _j$
is finite. They conjectured (also in works with Fu) that the cardinality of this intersection is uniformly bounded independently of the elliptic curves. The recent proof of the uniform Manin–Mumford conjecture implies a full solution of the Bogomolov–Fu–Tschinkel conjecture. In this paper, we prove a generalisation of the Bogomolov–Fu–Tschinkel conjecture whereby, instead of even degree-
$2$
maps, one can use any rational functions of bounded degree on the elliptic curves as long as they have different branch loci. Our approach combines Nevanlinna theory with the uniform Manin–Mumford conjecture. With similar techniques, we also prove a result on lower bounds for ranks of elliptic curves over number fields.
Lost companions: a new quill mite species and its possible coextinction with the Carolina parakeet
Authors: Skoracki Maciej , Unsöld Markus , Patan Milena , Sikora Bozena
Published: December 2023

Investigations of the parasites associated with extinct avian species provide unique insights into the ecology and evolution of both hosts and their parasitic counterparts. In the present paper, a new quill mite species, Peristerophila conuropsis sp. n., belonging to the family Syringophilidae (Prostigmata: Cheyletoidea) is described from the Carolina parakeet Conuropsis carolinensis Linnaeus (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae). This new species was collected from museum dry skin of the Carolina parakeet, the only native representative of the Psittacidae in the United States, which was an abundant resident of the southeastern and midwestern states and has been extinct in the beginning of the 20th century. Comment on the current taxonomic state and host associations of the genus Peristerophila are provided. Based on the host associations and habitats occupied by Peristerophila and related genera on parrots, it is hypothesized with the high probability that P. conuropsis has been extinct along with its host.
The rolling snowball: lone English-origin lexical items in Guernésiais
Authors: Jones Mari C.
Published: December 2023

Long-term contact with English has led to the presence in Guernésiais of a considerable number of lone English-origin lexical items (Jones, 2015). Although the presence of such items was being noted as far back as the nineteenth century, this is the first study to analyse and document them systematically. Using extensive original data, it examines these lexical items in relation to each part of speech and discusses their use in Guernésiais in the broader context of language contact. The study also considers whether, and how, lone English-origin lexical items become assimilated phonologically and morphosyntactically and whether frequency and motivation have a bearing on their usage.
Should pediatric cardiologists refer all patients with unexplained chest pain to a psychiatrist?
Authors: Alkan Fatos , Sapmaz Sermin Yalın , Kardelen Cansın , Bircan Onur , Bilac Oznur , Kandemir Hasan , Coskun Senol
Published: December 2023

Objective:

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between unexplained chest pain in children with parents’ mental problems, parental attitudes, family functionality, and the child’s mental problems.

Material and Method:

A total of 433 children (between 11 and 18 years of age) applied to the Pediatric Cardiology Outpatient Clinic due to chest pain in the last year. A clinical interview was conducted by a child psychiatrist with 43 patients and 33 controls included in the study due to unexplained chest pain.

Results:

Family history of physical illness was significantly higher in the chest pain group. When evaluated in terms of psychosocial risk factors, life events causing difficulties, derangement in the family, loss of a close person, and exposure to violence were statistically significantly higher in the group with chest pain. Mental disorders were observed in 67.4% of the children in the chest pain group as a result of the clinical interview. The total score of the DSM-5 somatic symptoms scale, which evaluates other somatic complaints in the chest pain group, was also significantly higher. When the family functions of both groups were evaluated, communication, emotional response, behaviour control, and general functions sub-dimensions were statistically significantly higher in families in the chest pain group.

Conclusion:

We recommend that psychiatric evaluation be included in diagnostic research to prevent unnecessary medical diagnostic procedures in children describing unexplained chest pain, as well as to prevent the potential for diagnosing mental disorders in both children and adults.
Patient factors and geographic barriers influencing excess time between paediatric and adult CHD care
Authors: Patzer Jessica , Yaskina Maryna , Chappell Alyssa , Patton David , Alvarez Nanette , Dicke Frank , Mackie Andrew S.
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Over 90% of children with CHD survive into adulthood and require lifelong cardiology care. Delays in care predispose patients to cardiac complications. We sought to determine the time interval to accessing adult CHD care beyond what was recommended by the referring paediatric cardiologist (excess time) and determine risk factors for prolonged excess time.

Materials and Methods:

Retrospective cohort study including all patients in the province of Alberta, Canada, age 16–18 years at their last paediatric cardiology visit, with moderate or complex lesions. Excess time between paediatric and adult care was defined as the interval (months) between the final paediatric visit and the first adult visit, minus the recommended interval between these appointments. Patients whose first adult CHD appointment occurred earlier than the recommended interval were assigned an excess time of zero.

Results:

We included 286 patients (66% male, mean age 17.6 years). Mean excess time was 7.9 ± 15.9 months. Twenty-nine (10%) had an excess time > 24 months. Not having a pacemaker (p = 0.03) and not needing cardiac medications at transfer (p = 0.02) were risk factors for excess time >3 months. Excess time was not influenced by CHD complexity.

Discussion:

The mean delay to first adult CHD appointment was almost 8 months longer than recommended by referring paediatric cardiologists. Not having a pacemaker and not needing cardiac medication(s) were risk factors for excess time > 3 months. Greater outpatient resources are required to accommodate the growing number of adult CHD survivors.
Profiling the consumers of farmers' markets: a systematic review of survey-based empirical evidence
Authors: Maró Zalán Márk , Maró Gréta , Jámbor Zsófia , Czine Péter , Török Áron
Published: December 2023

Although research on the consumers of farmers' markets spans four decades, no prior study has reviewed the most important characteristics of this consumer segment. Our study collects all the survey-based empirical information available in academic journals listed by WoS and Scopus. Based on the outcomes of 103 studies from 21 countries, consumers are described according to their sociographic characteristics and economic, environmental, and social parameters. Results clearly indicate a homogeneous group, with minor variation mainly due to regional specificities, and identify 27 very typical characteristics. The study identifies key implications for managers and policymakers and provides an agenda for further research.
Gendered Institutions and Where to Find Them: A Critical Realist Approach
Authors: Grahn Michal
Published: December 2023

The gender and politics literature offers diverse views on the causes of gendered practices and the best methodologies for studying them. This article advances efforts to take stock of and systematize this diversity by grounding the feminist institutionalist perspective in critical realism. The article posits that gendered institutions are real entities with independent powers, while also emphasizing the crucial role that human ideas play in upholding and contesting gendered practices. To faithfully capture gendered institutions and their relationship with human agency, the article promotes the use of the abductive-retroductive research design. This approach allows feminist institutionalist scholars to construct and test multiple competing theories about gendered institutions, drawing from various empirical manifestations of institutional power. These expressions range from observable actions to codified rules, socially shared norms, and other subtle discourses. By shedding light on the principles at the heart of realist-oriented feminist research, this work paves the way for a more standardized and transparent approach to feminist inquiries.
People, place, and planet: Global review of use-inspired research on water-related ecosystem services in urban wetlands
Authors: Sauer Jason , Chang Heejun
Published: December 2023

With climate change and urbanization, city planners and developers have increasing interest and practice in constructing, restoring, or incorporating wetlands as forms of green infrastructure to maintain water-related ecosystem services (WES). We reviewed studies that valued in functional or monetary units the water regulation and purification services of urban wetlands around the globe. We used the adaptive management cycle (AMC) as a heuristic to determine the step that a study would represent in the AMC, the connections between the cycle steps that were used or considered, and the stakeholders involved. Additionally, we identified the social, ecological, and/or technological dimension(s) of the environmental stressors and management strategies described by study authors. While use-inspired research on WES occurs throughout the globe, most studies serve to singularly assess problems or monitor urban wetlands, consider or use no connectors between steps, and involve no stakeholder groups. Both stressors and strategies were overwhelmingly multidimensional, with the social dimension represented in the majority of both. We highlight studies that successfully interfaced with cities across multiple steps, connectors, engaged stakeholder groups, and disseminated findings and skills to stakeholder groups. True use-inspired research should explicitly involve management systems that are used by city stakeholders and propose multidimensional solutions.
Modeling the Water Systems of the Western US to Support Climate‐Resilient Electricity System Planning
Authors: Yates D. , Szinai J. K. , Jones A. D.
Published: December 2023

Electricity and water systems in the Western US (WUS) are closely connected, with hydropower comprising 20% of total annual WUS generation, and electricity related to water comprising about 7% of total WUS electricity use. Because of these interdependencies, the threat of climate change to WUS resources will likely have compounding electricity impacts on the Western Interconnect grid. This study describes a WUS‐wide water system model with a particular emphasis on estimating climate impacts on hydropower generation and water‐related electricity use, which can be linked with a grid expansion model to support climate‐resilient electricity planning. The water system model combines climatically‐driven physical hydrology and management of both water supply and demand allocation, and is applied to an ensemble of 15 climate scenarios out to 2050. Model results show decreasing streamflow in key basins of the WUS under most scenarios. Annual water‐related electricity use increases up to 4%, and by up to 6% during the summer months, driven by growing agricultural demands met increasingly through a shift toward energy‐intensive groundwater to replace declining surface water. Total annual hydropower generation changes by +5% to −20% by mid‐century but declines in most scenarios, with decreases in summer generation by up to nearly −30%. Water‐related electricity use increases tend to coincide with hydropower generation declines, annually and seasonally, demonstrating the importance of concurrently evaluating the climate signal on both water‐for‐energy and energy‐for‐water to inform planning for grid reliability and decarbonization goals.
A Framework to Identify Rock Glaciers and Model Mountain Permafrost in the Jhelum Basin, Kashmir Himalaya, India
Authors: Remya S. N. , Ghosh Tirthankar , Agarwal Vivek , Majeed Zahid , Govindha Raj K Babu , Sharma Aanchal , Kulkarni Anil V. , Ahmad Mukhtar Muneer , Mishra Rakesh
Published: December 2023

Deglaciation has led to the transformation of glaciers into rock glaciers in various mountainous regions worldwide. However, the science of permafrost and rock glaciers remains under‐researched in the Himalayan region. This study presents a detailed inventory, dynamics, and permafrost distribution map for the Jhelum basin in the Kashmir Himalaya. The Permafrost Zonation Map (PZM) is created using a Logistic Regression Model based on topographic and climatic variables. High‐resolution satellite images are used to identify rock glaciers as visual indicators. Active and relic rock glaciers are classified based on surface topography and geomorphology. Results reveal 207 rock glaciers in the Jhelum basin, covering ∼50 km2, with over 100 falling into the active category. The PZM aligns well with the global permafrost zonation index map. Slope, aspect, and elevation of rock glaciers are computed using the ASTER Digital Elevation Model. The average elevations range from 3,700 m to 4,550 m, and the average surface slope ranges from 12° to 26°, with maximum slopes from 25° to 65°. Most rock glaciers are oriented toward the south or southeast. Field investigations confirm that these rock glaciers occur in highly elevated regions with steep slopes. This study provides valuable information on the high areal abundance of permafrost in the Himalayan region and suggests increased risks of thawing permafrost due to climate warming in the future. The findings contribute to the understanding of permafrost and rock glaciers, filling knowledge gaps in the Himalayan context.
The Conrad Rise Revisited: Eocene to Miocene Volcanism and Its Implications for Magma Sources and Tectonic Development
Authors: Sato H. , Machida S. , Meyzen C. M. , Ishizuka O. , Senda R. , Bizimis M. , Ashida K. , Mikuni K. , Sato T. , Fujii M. , Nogi Y. , Kato Y.
Published: December 2023

The Conrad Rise (CR), located midway between Antarctica and the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR), remains one of the least explored submarine large igneous provinces (LIPs) in the Indian Ocean to date. Relying on only seafloor paleomagnetic records, early studies hypothesized that the formation of the CR occurred during the Late Cretaceous. Here, we present new geochemical and geochronological data, including Sr‒Nd‒Pb‒Hf isotopes and 40Ar/39Ar data. Our results indicate that the uppermost part of the CR (Ob and Lena seamounts) unexpectedly formed later than previously predicted, at approximately 40 Ma in an intraplate setting. Another small seamount north of the Ob seamount formed later, at 8.5 Ma. The isotopic composition of lava from the small seamount north of the Ob seamount overlaps with that commonly defined by the Indian plume component. Overall, the isotopic variations defined by the volcanic suite from the CR could be accounted for by a three‐component mixing model involving the common component, lower continental crust, and depleted mantle endmembers. The newly obtained 40Ar/39Ar ages imply that the CR volcanism might have been triggered by major regional plate reorganizations during the middle to late Eocene and the late Miocene, inducing the release of a small upwelling rising from the African large low‐velocity province.
Tidally‐Modulated Turbidity and Density Fluctuations in a Rotationally‐Modified Gravity Current
Authors: Masoud Mina , Pawlowicz Rich
Published: December 2023

Rotationally‐modified gravity currents are known to occur on the ocean bottom in many locations around the world. Although their time scales are long enough that the Coriolis force is important in their dynamics, tidal forcing may also play a role in intermediate‐term variability by periodically enhancing or diminishing the flow and bottom friction, although the importance and implications of this variability has not previously been studied. Here we investigate hourly‐to‐tidal variations in the turbidity and density of intermittent gravity currents associated with deep‐water renewal events in the Strait of Georgia, Canada. We find that features such as the height and magnitude of the gravity current's nose, as well as bottom stress, undergo tidal variations, and that sediment resuspension largely occurs at the times of greatest stress at peak flood, with highest turbidities occurring in the hours following that peak. Larger particles soon settle again, but smaller ones can remain suspended. In addition, there is a significant tidally‐driven lateral advection of the gravity current, which results in density fluctuations in observations at a fixed location.
Reconstructability of Open‐Ocean Upper‐Layer Dynamics From Surface Observations Using Surface Quasigeostrophy (SQG) Theory
Authors: Liu Lei , Yu Xiaolong , Xue Huijie , Xiu Peng
Published: December 2023

Although previous studies suggest that the surface quasigeostrophy (SQG) theory is practically applicable for subsurface reconstruction from sea surface observations, they mostly examine the reconstructability of density but seldom evaluate the velocities. Meanwhile, these studies all focus on the regions of energetic kinetic energy, and observational validation of the SQG reconstructability has been lacking in relatively quiescent mid‐ocean regions. We perform such validation in a typical open‐ocean area of the Northeast Atlantic, using a SQG‐based “interior plus surface quasigeostrophic” (isQG) method. The inputs to isQG include satellite‐derived sea surface height, temperature and salinity. The reconstructed density and horizontal velocities are assessed against long‐term in situ observations. Overall, reasonable isQG reconstructability is found during the period with elevated mesoscale activities. In particular, when satellite‐derived sea surface density anomaly (SSDA) is consistent with its in situ counterpart, the reconstructed density captures the observed mesoscale signals reasonably well, including the period with the density anomaly changing sign with depth. However, the density reconstruction is considerably degraded when the satellite‐derived SSDA has large uncertainties. The horizontal velocity reconstruction is less affected by the SSDA uncertainty, and shows a better resemblance to the observation. Using the reconstructed variables, we further diagnose vertical velocities, wisQG, via the three‐dimensional QG omega equation, and compare them to the mooring‐based vertical velocities, wmo, estimated through the nondiffusive density equation. During a 1‐month period with the best reconstructions of density and horizontal velocity, wisQG well reproduce the persistent downwelling pattern of wmo associated with the geostrophic kinematic deformation forcing.
Net Methane Production Predicted by Patch Characteristics in a Freshwater Wetland
Authors: Sharp Sean J. , Maietta Christine E. , Stewart Graham A. , Taylor Aileen K. , Williams Michael R. , Palmer Margaret A.
Published: December 2023

Methane (CH4) dynamics in wetlands are spatially variable and difficult to estimate at ecosystem scales. Patches with different plant functional types (PFT) represent discrete units within wetlands that may help characterize patterns in CH4 variability. We investigate dissolved porewater CH4 concentrations, a representation of net CH4 production and potential source of atmospheric flux, in five wetland patches characterized by a dominant PFT or lack of plants. Using soil, porewater, and plant variables we hypothesized to influence CH4, we used three modeling approaches—Classification and regression tree, AIC model selection, and Structural Equation Modeling—to identify direct and indirect influences on porewater CH4 dynamics. Across all three models, dissolved porewater CO2 concentration was the dominant driver of CH4 concentrations, partly through the influence of PFT patches. Plants in each patch type likely had variable influence on CH4 via root exudates (a substrate for methanogens), capacity to transport gas (both O2 from and CH4 to the atmosphere), and plant litter quality which impacted soil respiration and production of CO2 in the porewater. We attribute the importance of CO2 to the dominant methanogenic pathway we identified, which uses CO2 as a terminal electron acceptor. We propose a mechanistic relationship between PFT patches and porewater CH4 dynamics which, when combined with sources of CH4 loss including methanotrophy, oxidation, or plant‐mediated transport, can provide patch‐scale estimates of CH4 flux. Combining these estimates with the distribution of PFTs can improve ecosystem CH4 flux estimates in heterogenous wetlands and improve global CH4 budgets.
Analysis of the Geoelectric Field in Sweden Over Solar Cycles 23 and 24: Spatial and Temporal Variability During Strong GIC Events
Authors: Lanabere V. , Dimmock A. P. , Rosenqvist L. , Juusola L. , Viljanen A. , Johlander A. , Odelstad E.
Published: December 2023

Geomagnetic storms can produce large perturbations on the Earth magnetic field. Through complex magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling, the geoelectric field (E) and geomagnetic field (B) are highly perturbed. The E is the physical driver of geomagnetically induced currents. However, a statistical study of the E in Sweden has never been done before. We combined geomagnetic data from the International Monitor for Auroral Geomagnetic Effects network in Northern Europe with a 3‐D structure of Earth's electrical conductivity in Sweden as the input of a 1‐D model to compute the E between 2000 and 2018. Northwestern Sweden presents statistically larger E magnitudes due to larger |dB/dt| variations in the north than in the south of Sweden and relative lower conductivity in the west compared to central and eastern Sweden. In contrast, the 15 strongest daily maximum |E| events present more frequently a maximum magnitude in central Sweden (62.25°N) and their relative strengths are not the same for all latitudes. These results highlight the different regional response to geomagnetic storms, which can be related to ground conductivity variability and the complex magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling mechanisms.
Horizontal Spatial Correlation of the Ionospheric Day‐To‐Day Variations at Low Latitudes Based on GOLD Nmax Data
Authors: Chen Jiawen , Zhong Jiahao , Hao Yongqiang , Wan Xin , Li Qiaoling , Tang Zijing , Song Xingyan , Han Hao , Wang Kang , Kuai Jiawei , Ren Aojun
Published: December 2023

Peak electron density data derived from GOLD measurements during 2018–2022 are used to analyze the magnitudes and correlations of ionospheric diurnal variability at low latitudes. The correlation distance describes the correlations between spatial locations and is defined in this paper as the angular separation at which the correlation coefficient decreases from 1 to 0.7. Variations in correlation distance with local time, season, magnetic latitude, solar activity, and geomagnetic activity are discussed in this study. The average value of the zonal correlation distance is approximately 8.55° and 3.56° for the meridional direction at low geomagnetic latitudes (magnetic latitudes <30°). The statistical results indicate that both zonal and meridional correlation distances vary little with local time premidnight, while they show pronounced seasonal and latitudinal variations. Both zonal and meridional correlation distances increase with increasing solar activity and decrease with enhancing geomagnetic activity. The EIA strength and gradient mainly modulate the distributions of correlation distances related to magnetic latitude, season, and solar flux level. An empirical model is constructed to describe the temporal and spatial variations in the correlation distance at low latitudes. The study of correlation distances would contribute to a better understanding of ionospheric variability and improvements in data assimilation.
Mpox (formerly monkeypox): pathogenesis, prevention and treatment
Authors: Lu Junjie , Xing Hui , Wang Chunhua , Tang Mengjun , Wu Changcheng , Ye Fan , Yin Lijuan , Yang Yang , Tan Wenjie , Shen Liang
Published: December 2023

In 2022, a global outbreak of Mpox (formerly monkeypox) occurred in various countries across Europe and America and rapidly spread to more than 100 countries and regions. The World Health Organization declared the outbreak to be a public health emergency of international concern due to the rapid spread of the Mpox virus. Consequently, nations intensified their efforts to explore treatment strategies aimed at combating the infection and its dissemination. Nevertheless, the available therapeutic options for Mpox virus infection remain limited. So far, only a few numbers of antiviral compounds have been approved by regulatory authorities. Given the high mutability of the Mpox virus, certain mutant strains have shown resistance to existing pharmaceutical interventions. This highlights the urgent need to develop novel antiviral drugs that can combat both drug resistance and the potential threat of bioterrorism. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive literature on the pathophysiology and treatment of Mpox. To address this issue, we conducted a review covering the physiological and pathological processes of Mpox infection, summarizing the latest progress of anti-Mpox drugs. Our analysis encompasses approved drugs currently employed in clinical settings, as well as newly identified small-molecule compounds and antibody drugs displaying potential antiviral efficacy against Mpox. Furthermore, we have gained valuable insights from the process of Mpox drug development, including strategies for repurposing drugs, the discovery of drug targets driven by artificial intelligence, and preclinical drug development. The purpose of this review is to provide readers with a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on Mpox.
Success and safety of deep sedation as a primary anaesthetic approach for transvenous lead extraction: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Schiedat Fabian , Fischer Julian , Aweimer Assem , Schöne Dominik , El-Battrawy Ibrahim , Hanefeld Christoph , Mügge Andreas , Kloppe Axel
Published: December 2023

There is a rising number in complications associated with more cardiac electrical devices implanted (CIED). Infection and lead dysfunction are reasons to perform transvenous lead extraction. An ideal anaesthetic approach has not been described yet. Most centres use general anaesthesia, but there is a lack in studies looking into deep sedation (DS) as an anaesthetic approach. We report our retrospective experience for a large number of procedures performed with deep sedation as a primary approach. Extraction procedures performed between 2011 and 2018 in our electrophysiology laboratory have been included retrospectively. We began by applying a bolus injection of piritramide followed by midazolam as primary medication and would add etomidate if necessary. For extraction of leads a stepwise approach with careful traction, locking stylets, dilator sheaths, mechanical rotating sheaths and if needed snares and baskets has been used. A total of 780 leads in 463 patients (age 69.9 ± 12.3, 31.3% female) were extracted. Deep sedation was successful in 97.8% of patients. Piritramide was used as the main analgesic medication (98.5%) and midazolam as the main sedative (94.2%). Additional etomidate was administered in 15.1% of cases. In 2.2% of patients a conversion to general anaesthesia was required as adequate level of DS was not achieved before starting the procedure. Sedation related complications occurred in 1.1% (n = 5) of patients without sequalae. Deep sedation with piritramide, midazolam and if needed additional etomidate is a safe and feasible strategy for transvenous lead extraction.
Maximum correentropy-based robust Square-root Cubature Kalman Filter for vehicular cooperative navigation
Authors: Sun Wei , Zhang Xiaotong , Ding Wei , Zhang Heming , Liu Ao
Published: December 2023

As the core method of cooperative navigation, relative positioning plays a key role in realizing intelligent vehicle driving and vehicle self-assembling network collaboration algorithms. However, when the contamination rate of measurement noise is high, the performance of filtering will be seriously affected. To better address the filtering performance degradation problem due to noise contamination, this paper proposes a vehicular cooperative localization method based on the Maximum Correentropy Robust Square-root Cubature Kalman Filter (MCSCKF). The algorithm not only retains the advantages of Square-root Cubature Kalman Filter (SCKF) but also has strong robustness to non-Gaussian noise. The experimental results of tightly integrated vehicular cooperative navigation show that compared with the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Cubature Kalman Filter (CKF), the localization accuracy of MCSCKF is improved by 35.08% and 31.83%, respectively, which verified the effectiveness in improving the accuracy and robustness of the relative position estimation.
Psychometric analysis of the body responsiveness questionnaire in the Portuguese population
Authors: Torres Sandra , Vieira Ana Isabel , Vieira Filipa Mucha , Lencastre Leonor , Guerra Marina Prista , Miller Kylee M. , Barbosa Maria Raquel
Published: December 2023

Body responsiveness refers to the tendency to be attuned to the body’s needs and use interoceptive information to guide behavior. Despite its potential beneficial effect on the development of positive body image, this construct is currently understudied. To boost research in this area, we examined the factor structure, gender invariance, and psychometric properties of a Portuguese translation of the Body Responsiveness Questionnaire (BRQ). A total of 650 men and women (aged 18–80 years) completed the Portuguese BRQ. To assess its convergent validity, participants also completed measures of body appreciation, emotion regulation, depression symptoms, and psychological quality of life. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a two-factor structure of the BRQ, which was upheld using confirmatory factor analysis: “Importance of Interoceptive Awareness” (ω = .85–.87) and “Perceived Connection” between body and mind (ω = .71–.74). BRQ scores had partial scalar invariance across gender, and no significant gender differences. Convergent and known-groups validity was supported. Participants with overweight/obesity (vs. normal weight) and middle-aged adults (vs. young adults) assigned higher importance to body signals to guide behavior. The Portuguese version of the BRQ is a psychometrically sound measure of body responsiveness and it may contribute to a comprehensive assessment of positive body image to guide intervention.
Small-molecule inhibition of kinesin KIF18A reveals a mitotic vulnerability enriched in chromosomally unstable cancers
Authors: Payton Marc , Belmontes Brian , Hanestad Kelly , Moriguchi Jodi , Chen Kui , McCarter John D. , Chung Grace , Ninniri Maria Stefania , Sun Jan , Manoukian Raffi , Chambers Stuart , Ho Seok-Man , Kurzeja Robert J. M. , Edson Katheryne Z. , Dahal Upendra P. , Wu Tian , Wannberg Sharon , Beltran Pedro J. , Canon Jude , Boghossian Andrew S. , Rees Matthew G. , Ronan Melissa M. , Roth Jennifer A. , Minocherhomji Sheroy , Bourbeau Matthew P. , Allen Jennifer R. , Coxon Angela , Tamayo Nuria A. , Hughes Paul E.
Published: December 2023

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer, caused by persistent errors in chromosome segregation during mitosis. Aggressive cancers like high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have a high frequency of CIN and TP53 mutations. Here, we show that inhibitors of the KIF18A motor protein activate the mitotic checkpoint and selectively kill chromosomally unstable cancer cells. Sensitivity to KIF18A inhibition is enriched in TP53-mutant HGSOC and TNBC cell lines with CIN features, including in a subset of CCNE1-amplified, CDK4–CDK6-inhibitor-resistant and BRCA1-altered cell line models. Our KIF18A inhibitors have minimal detrimental effects on human bone marrow cells in culture, distinct from other anti-mitotic agents. In mice, inhibition of KIF18A leads to robust anti-cancer effects with tumor regression observed in human HGSOC and TNBC models at well-tolerated doses. Collectively, our results provide a rational therapeutic strategy for selective targeting of CIN cancers via KIF18A inhibition.
A lysosome-targeted fluorescent probe based on a BODIPY structure for Cys/Hcy detection
Authors: Zhang Wenxuan , Wu Binbin , Liang Manshan , Zhang Mengpei , Hu Yutao , Huang Zu-Sheng , Ye Xiaoxia , Du Bing , Quan Yun-Yun , Jiang Yongsheng
Published: December 2023

Cysteine (Cys) and homocysteine (Hcy) are important biothiols in living organisms.
Photonic Si microwell architectures for rapid antifungal susceptibility determination of Candida auris
Authors: Heuer Christopher , Jiang Xin , Ron Gali , Ternyak Orna , Scheper Thomas , Bahnemann Janina , Segal Ester
Published: December 2023

The application of a photonic silicon chip-based optical sensor system for expeditious and phenotypic antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida auris is presented.
Cu-modified InVO4 photocatalysts for enhanced N2 fixation using chemical reagents and electroplating sludge as the Cu source
Authors: Yao Shan , Lin Jiahui , Yi Kai , Liu Weizhen , Wang Mengye
Published: December 2023

Cu/InVO4 photocatalysts were prepared using chemical reagents or electroplating sludge as the copper source. Cu decoration promoted the adsorption and activation of nitrogen of InVO4, achieving a high NH3 yield.
Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution through suppressed electron–hole recombination in Cs2AgBiBr6-NC/g-C3N4 nanocomposites
Authors: Vidhya C. , Meera B. , Nair Revathy B. , Kurian Sajith
Published: December 2023

One-pot in situ synthesis of 4–6 nm particles of Cs2AgBiBr6 on a g-C3N4 matrix gives a marginal enhancement in the HER from 44.9 μmol g−1 h−1 to 268 μmol g−1 h−1.
Chemistry of a series of heterobimetallic complexes MnIII2(CaII/SrII)X2 (X = Cl−, Br−)
Authors: Bhattacharya Priyabrata , Bag Riya , Butcher Ray J. , Behera Snehanjali , Mondal Biswajit , Goswami Sanchita
Published: December 2023

MnIII2(CaII/SrII)X2 (X = Cl−, Br−) complexes are synthesized as structurally close entities to PS II and their oxygen evolving properties have been investigated.
Insight into ferromagnetic interactions in CuII–LnIII dimers with a compartmental ligand
Authors: Panja Anangamohan , Paul Sagar , Moreno-Pineda Eufemio , Herchel Radovan , Jana Narayan Ch. , Brandão Paula , Novitchi Ghenadie , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang
Published: December 2023

A series of heterobimetallic ferromagnetically coupled CuII-LnIII systems with a new compartmental Schiff base ligand has been explored by SQUID and μ-SQUID studies. CASSCF calculations allow quantitative assessment of the interactions, which are further supported by BS-DFT calculations.
Bioactive compounds of honey from different regions of Brazil: the effect of simulated gastrointestinal digestion on antioxidant and antimicrobial properties
Authors: Alcoléa Marla , Santana Junior Marcel Bueno , Oliveira Keily Alves de Moura , Tussolini Loyse , Leite Mércia Aurélia Gonçalves , Honorio-França Adenilda Cristina , França Eduardo Luzia , Pertuzatti Paula Becker
Published: December 2023

Monofloral and multifloral honey produced in different regions may have different bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacities, resulting in changes in the antimicrobial activity of honey.
High current treated-passivated graphene (CTPG) towards stable nanoelectronic and spintronic circuits
Authors: Belotcerkovtceva Daria , Nameirakpam Henry , Datt Gopal , Noumbe Ulrich , Kamalakar M. Venkata
Published: December 2023

High current-treated AlOx passivated-graphene (CTPG) with enhanced carrier mobility offers promise for stability and scalability in graphene nanoelectronic and spintronic devices.
Unraveling ligand exchange reactions in linear neutral Au(i) and Cu(i) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes for biological applications
Authors: Rodrigues Gustavo C. , Barrionuevo Manoel V. F. , San-Miguel Miguel A. , Abbehausen Camilla
Published: December 2023

Linear complexes of the form [M(NHC)Cl] (M = Au(i) or Cu(i), NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) are promising drug candidates due to their potent in vitro antitumor, antibacterial, and antiparasitic activities.
On the unique temperature-dependent interplay of a B-exciton and its trion in monolayer MoSe2
Authors: Banswar Durgesh , Sahu Renu Raman , Srivatsava Rupali , Hassan Md. Samim , Singh Sahil , Sapra Sameer , Das Gupta Tapajyoti , Goswami Ankur , Balasubramanian Krishna
Published: December 2023

Plasmonics in metal nanoparticles can enhance their near field optical interaction with matter, promoting emission into selected optical modes.
Palladium particle-catalyzed selective butadiene hydrogenation: effect of covalent organic framework modification
Authors: Li Xianming , Wang Yi , Yuan Qiao , Chen Xintai , Mou Xiaoling , Song Xiangen , Yan Li , Lin Ronghe , Ding Yunjie
Published: December 2023

Deposition of a covalent organic framework on palladium nanoparticles induces geometric and electronic effects on the metal species and improves their selective performance in 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation.
Selective poly(vinyl ether) upcycling via photooxidative degradation with visible light
Authors: Langer Darren L. , Oh Sewon , Stache Erin E.
Published: December 2023

Selective chemical upcycling of poly(isobutyl vinyl ether) was achieved using photooxidative degradation, producing oxidized small molecules that can be tuned depending on a choice of photocatalysts.