bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Instrumentos de Avaliação de Risco à Saúde Mental Infanto-Juvenil
Authors: Ramos Emanuella Brito , Costa Maria Suely Alves , Ximenes Jocélia Medeiros , Rocha André Sousa , Carvalho Socorro Taynara Araújo
Published: May 2023

Introdução: A saúde mental é um tema que tem ganhado notoriedade nas discussões científicas, principalmente no cenário de pandemia, o qual impactou negativamente a sua constituição, especialmente no que diz respeito à crianças e adolescentes. Nesse sentido, avaliar o risco de saúde mental nesse público se torna essencial para traçar intervenções eficazes. Contudo, é relevante considerar, nesta avaliação de risco, aspectos tais como história de vida, contexto, configuração familiar, suporte social, dificuldades e capacidade de resiliência. Objetivos: Para tanto, este trabalho objetiva elencar os instrumentos disponíveis que avaliem a saúde mental de crianças e adolescentes. Metodologia: Para isso, foi realizado uma revisão sistemática de literatura de artigos disponíveis em bases virtuais e baseado no Systematic Search Flow (SSF). De acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram selecionados 11 artigos que apontaram instrumentos utilizados por profissionais no Brasil. Resultados e discussões: A partir da sistematização dos dados foi possível identificar diversos instrumentos adotados, fato que evidencia a heterogeneidade nas formas de avaliação de fatores de risco à saúde mental infanto-juvenil. Conclusão: Conclui-se assim, que para a realização de tal avaliação, necessário se faz, a utilização de várias ferramentas, somado à expertise do profissional, além do conhecimento teórico inerente às fases do desenvolvimento.
plan for Academic Networks of the University of Montenegro migration to IPv6 with application examples
Authors: Zarubica Miodrag , Gazivoda Vladimir , Adžić Ljiljana , Filipović Luka , Krstajić Božo
Published: May 2023

The paper presents the migration plan to theIPv6 protocol in the Academic Network of the University of Montenegro with application examples in the IT Center and in the network of Faculty of electrical engineering. The application procedures, the plan of the recommended migration model from IPv4 to IPv6 and Dual Stack technology and their advantages are explained and discussed . The concept of segmentation of the new IPv6 address range and migration of public services to the new IP protocol is also presented.
Digitization and improvement of the Distance Learning platform at the University of Montenegro during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zarubica Miodrag , Filipović Luka , Terzić Jelena , Milosavljević Lidija , Gazivoda Vladimir
Published: May 2023

This paper presents the improvements implemented at the University of Montenegro Information System in the Distance Learning (DL) segment during the COVID-19 pandemic. A comparative view of old and new DL system was made. The integration of all parts of DL is presented, with a description of the digital services, their technical characteristics, and the method of implementation. Comparative statistics on the use of the DL platform before and during the pandemic were also presented.
CONSTRUCCIÓN DE PROTOTIPO DE UNA MÁQUINA CNC APLICANDO TOLERANCIAS DIMENSIONALES Y GEOMÉTRICAS
Authors: Jaramillo Ortega Javier Edmundo , Ortega Ponce Edwin Gonzalo , Zabala Barragán Leticia Aureliana , Zavala Angamarca Mariano Martin
Published: May 2023

El presente artículo, detalla la construcción de una máquina prototipo CNC router que es utilizada en el sector metal mecánico, debido a que permite contornear grabados en materiales blandos. El objetivo de estudio es la construcción del prototipo CNC utilizando ajustes y tolerancias ISO 286 e ISO 2786 para ser usado como un módulo de enseñanza y aprendizaje de manufactura lo cual permite implementar puestos de trabajos en la educación tecnológica para la gran cantidad de estudiantes cubriendo el déficit de máquinas de control numérico.

La CNC es construida bajo metodología del mecanizado, estableciendo ajustes en cada uno de los pares móviles que aseguren un funcionamiento adecuado y comprobada mediante metrología dimensional. El prototipo recibe órdenes del computador a través de un software libre el mismo que permite que la máquina realice el mecanizado por el movimiento de motores a pasos híbridos permitiendo el movimiento de los ejes X, Y, Z. La mini CNC es ensayada y puesta en marcha en base a geometrías básicas como líneas y polígonos regulares utilizando materiales como MDF y acrílico, lo cual nos permite obtener excelentes resultados de grabado en relación a los ejes X, Y y un parámetro aceptable en el eje Z.
DISEÑO Y CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PROTOTIPO DE TECLADO AUTODIDÁCTICO PARA ENSEÑANZA BRAILLE
Authors: Zabala Barragán Leticia Aurelina , Jaramillo Ortega Javier Edmundo , Cevallos Bonilla David Israel , Guaño Álvarez Ana Cristina
Published: May 2023

La presente investigación se fundamenta en el auto aprendizaje del alfabeto braille para personas con discapacidad visual, aprovechando los sentidos del oído y el tacto. La finalidad de este trabajo   es diseñar y construir un teclado autodidáctico que interprete los símbolos del sistema Braille para ser reproducidos fonéticamente y visualizados de manera gráfica.  La metodología utilizada se fundamenta en la investigación experimental. Se realizó el diseño y construcción de la estructura tomando en cuenta consideraciones ergonómicas para el sistema electrónico que permite reconocer los patrones y sonidos del alfabeto braille en un 100% para la reproducción fonética y visual de cada carácter se maneja protocolos de comunicación SPI e I2C.  Con las pruebas realizadas se determina la fiabilidad del sistema a nivel de hardware y software,   la verificación  exhaustiva de cada botón, a través de pulsaciones continuas y alternadas evidencia los resultados fonéticos y visuales  demostrando, que puede ser empleado como herramienta tecnológica en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje.
DISEÑO Y CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UNA CNC LÁSER PARA GRABADO EN MADERA
Authors: Flores Andino Victor Manuel , Chávez Cascante Juan Carlos , Cuadrado Flores Danny Israel , Pilco Cali Daniela Gricela
Published: May 2023

Con la presente investigación se pretende diseñar y construir una máquina CNC en el Instituto Superior Tecnológico Carlos Cisneros que permita controlar el movimiento de un cabezal láser para realizar el grabado de texto en la superficie de madera.  A través de una investigación experimental se establece el mecanismo para el desplazamiento del cabezal en tres ejes del sistema cartesiano con el uso de bandas, rodamientos y poleas, calibrado a través de hardware y software para grabar los diseños creados en la superficie de la madera; la velocidad y la corriente son los factores a controlar en el proceso.  La fiabilidad del prototipo se establece al verificar la calidad del grabado, estableciendo el nivel de nitidez y claridad del texto plasmado en la madera.  Al utilizar el diodo led azul la calidad es similar a trabajos realizados por equipos comerciales y prototipos fabricados.
INSTALACIÓN DE UN MOTOR ELÉCTRICO PARA PROPULSIÓN DE UN VEHÍCULO Y ACOPLE A SU SISTEMA DE TRANSMISIÓN
Authors: Alvarado Cadena Jorge Roberto , Valverde Erazo Fabián Alejandro , Valverde Erazo Carlos Marcelo , Ortiz Avila Jorge Steven
Published: May 2023

En el presente artículo se hace una revisión del proceso ejecutado en el IST Carlos Cisneros para la correcta implementación de un sistema eléctrico de tracción para convertir un vehículo que originalmente poseía un motor de combustión interna a eléctrico, con el propósito de explorar sobre la aplicación de nuevas tecnologías en el campo de la movilidad. La metodología usada está basada en documentación de trabajos afines y la adaptación de esos resultados para la aplicación práctica ajustada a la realidad del IST Carlos Cisneros, sus estudiantes y profesores.  Además, se hace una breve exploración de los distintos componentes que conforman un vehículo eléctrico, así como características técnicas de los mismos. También se revisa las consideraciones que se deben hacer para dimensionamiento de estos componentes para un proceso de conversión a vehículo eléctrico; también se habla de cómo se ha realizado la instalación de los mismos, las pruebas de funcionamiento realizadas y los resultados obtenidos. Mismos que se pueden resumir en un adecuado funcionamiento del vehículo convertido a eléctrico, y que su velocidad máxima es de 53 Km/h por lo que su uso será solamente para recorridos urbanos.
FABRICACIÓN DE UNA MÁQUINA DESGRANADORA DE MAÍZ
Authors: Mancheno Cárdenas Germán Patricio , Ledesma Cruz Bryan Eduardo , Balseca Balseca Orlando Francisco
Published: May 2023

La presente investigación se desarrolla para construir un prototipo de máquina desgranadora de maíz para facilitar al agricultor realizar este proceso en menor tiempo posible e incrementar la productividad.  La máquina está construida para trabajar a 110 voltios, con un motor de ½ Hp determinado en función de la fuerza que requiere para extraer el grano de la mazorca.  En base a investigación bibliográfica se determina el mejor sistema desgranador a ser implementado de acuerdo a las variedades y morfología de maíz de la región, para la recolección de 105 quintales de maíz al día, es decir, un rendimiento de 15 quintales cada hora. A través de una investigación de campo, con el método de observación y pruebas experimentales se determina la eficiencia del sistema reduciendo en un 81.5% el tiempo comparado con el proceso manual, así como en el porcentaje de granos en buen estado resultado de automatizar el proceso valorado en un 96.47%. Si se aumenta el número de mazorcas a ser procesada la máquina funcionaría mejor.
ESTUDIO SOBRE LA CANTIDAD DE INTERACCIONES DE DESBLOQUEO DEL DISPOSITIVO MÓVIL COMO HERRAMIENTA TECNOLÓGICA EN JÓVENES SEGÚN SU GÉNERO
Authors: Mendoza Rodríguez José Fernando , Salazar Andrade Andrés Eduardo
Published: May 2023

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como finalidad analizar un estudio sobre la cantidad de interacciones de desbloqueos del dispositivo móvil como herramienta tecnológica en jóvenes de 16 a 18 años de edad según su género, la metodología utilizada para el análisis de la problemática fue de campo a través de un enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental, con un nivel de investigación descriptivo longitudinal mediante una muestra de 28 jóvenes (14 hombres y 14 mujeres), los instrumentos utilizados para el conteo de las interacciones de desbloqueos del dispositivo móvil fue dos aplicaciones (Look Counter para sistema Android y RealizD-screen time tracker para iOS), en el análisis de los datos contados se realizó la prueba de normalidad y homogeneidad para determinar el tipo de estadística a trabajar, siendo esta no paramétrica y obteniendo como resultado mediante la prueba de U de Mann-Whitney el rechazo de la hipótesis nula y aceptando la de investigación, debido que el p valor es menor a 0,05 con una confiabilidad de 95,44%, estableciendo que si existe diferencia en la cantidad de interacciones de desbloqueos de un dispositivo móvil como herramienta tecnológica según el género de los mismos provocando afectaciones en la calidad de vida desarrollando adicciones de gran impacto, poca comunicación social fisica y en algunos casos hasta malestares fisicos.
SELECCIÓN DEL MOTOR Y DISEÑO DE LA RELACIÓN DE TRANSMISIÓN PARA UN KARTING PARA COMPETICIÓN INTERUNIVERSITARIA BASADO EN ANÁLISIS DE DINÁMICA DE VEHÍCULOS
Authors: Tacle Humanante Diego Armando , Buenaño Moyano Luis Fernando , Lema Tugtaguano Ricardo Andrés , Orozco Manya Renny Javier
Published: May 2023

El presente trabajo se lo realizó en el IST Carlos Cisneros y tiene como objetivo la selección del motor y de las relaciones de transmisión adecuadas para un karting que participa en las competencias nacionales interuniversitarias de kartismo en Ecuador. Se usa un estudio de dinámica de movimiento de vehículos para determinar la fuerza de propulsión, potencia y torque necesarios para mover el monoplaza hasta un máximo teórico de 90 km/h. Con los resultados analíticos se selecciona el motor y las relaciones de transmisión correspondientes. Se ejecutan seis fases en este trabajo para la consecución de resultados de las cuales se obtiene, que se necesita implementar un motor que aporte 3.99 kW de potencia y una relación de transmisión que aporte 19.9 Nm. Se diseña tres relaciones de transmisión acordes a cada tipo de circuito posible: velocidad, mixto y trabado. Finalmente se realizan pruebas cronometradas en el “Kartódromo dos Hemisferios” de la ciudad de Quito concluyéndose que la mejor relación para este tipo de circuito es la intermedia alcanzando un tiempo de vuelta de 72.832 ± 0.013 s.
APLICACIÓN DE LA TRANSFORMADA WAVELET COMO TÉCNICA DE COMPRESIÓN DE AUDIO
Authors: Sani Domínguez Jenny Edith , Tustón Torres Irene , Fiallos Velasco Cristian Guillermo
Published: May 2023

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo evidenciar la aplicación de la transformada wavelet como una técnica de compresión de audio. A través de la aplicación del método cuantitativo se revisa la información bibliográfica referente al uso de las transformadas en el procesamiento y análisis de señales.  Con el uso de MATLAB se visualiza el comportamiento de la señal al aplicar los algoritmos de compresión a una muestra de audio, mediante el análisis de los diferentes comportamientos de la señal se presenta tanto el espectro de frecuencias temporales de audio, así como las señales de voz en donde se determina las características de la señal al aplicar la transformada directa de coseno, transformada inversa de coseno y la transformada wavelet.
ANÁLISIS DE GASES DE ESCAPE DE VEHÍCULOS MEDIANTE LA PRUEBA ESTÁTICA
Authors: Zhigui Loja Carlos Alfredo , Jiménez Negrón Nader Agustín , Espinoza Castillo Erick Fernando
Published: May 2023

En las principales ciudades del Ecuador ya están operando los  centros de Revisión Técnica Vehicular, pero esto no ocurre a nivel nacional, como es el caso de la Ciudad de  Zaruma, provincia de el Oro, donde los transportistas de servicio público desconocen del proceso y que parámetros se revisan, uno de  estos es el cumplimiento de las emisiones de gases contaminantes, además la Agencia Nacional de Transito dispuso plazos para que los Gobiernos Autónomos Descentralizados realicen la Revisión Técnica,  por tal motivo el presente artículo tiene  como objetivo analizar las emisiones de los motores a gasolina, para esto se utiliza la Norma INEN 2203 y la Norma INEN 2204. Las respectivas pruebas se realizaron a una altura de 1250 msnm, en la ciudad de Zaruma. Los vehículos a los que se les ejecutó las mediciones, pertenecen a la cooperativa de taxis "Zaruma Urcu", los cuales fueron   sometidos a pruebas estáticas.  Se concluye que a medida que el parque vehicular es más antiguo, las emisiones de HC y CO son altas, mientras la flota vehicular es más actual sus valores disminuyen. Además, el 77.59 % de la flota vehicular, cumple con la Norma INEN 2204 y de los vehículos no aprobados el 78% corresponde a los HC y el 22 % le corresponde al CO.
ESTUDIO SOBRE LA GESTIÓN LABORAL DEL PERSONAL DOCENTE MEDIANTE EL ANÁLISIS DE LA CAPACIDAD FÍSICA DEL TRABAJO
Authors: Mendoza Rodríguez José Fernando , Salazar Andrade Andrés Eduardo
Published: May 2023

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como finalidad verificar el comportamiento de la gestión laboral en la capacidad física del trabajo (CFT) del personal docente.  La metodología utilizada tuvo un enfoque cualitativo, de campo, con un nivel de investigación descriptivo transversal.  Debido al gran número de docentes en la provincia de Tungurahua, se utilizó un tipo de muestreo no probabilístico de tipo intencional con una muestra de 106 docentes, tomados de la Unidad Educativa PCEI Tungurahua y Unidad Educativa Indoamérica.  En lo referente a las técnicas de recolección de datos utilizados en el estudio se aplicó el método ROSA para determinar el nivel de riesgo en las actividades de oficina que realizan los docentes, además, para conocer la gestión laboralse aplicó una encuesta con la escala de Likert.  Los resultados obtenidos mediante el estudio de campo, se determinó que para los hombres el 34,3%, 53,7% y el 11,9% tienen una CFT buena, normal y regular respectivamente, ientras que las mujeres el 7,7%, 30,8% y el 61,5% tiene una CFT muy buena, buena y normal respectivamente.  La finalidad del trabajo de investigación fue proponer un modelo matemático para hombres y mujeres donde se obtuvo un coeficiente de determinación (R2) del 91,34% y el 84,85% respectivamente, dando validez a los modelos matemáticos.
Food Safety Awareness, Food Policies, and Gender: A Review and an Empirical Examination from Nepal
Authors: Khanal Aditya Raj , Gurung Rita Kumari , Timilsina Ram Hari , Poudel Saroj Raj
Published: May 2023

Hunger and malnutrition are critical challenges for developing countries. Access to sufficient safe and nutritious food is the key factor in addressing food security, health, and nutritional goals. Food safety and security are vital components of sustainable food systems. However, in developing countries like Nepal, food safety issues have received limited attention within the food systems. This study aims to review the relationship between food safety and food security, sustainable food systems, awareness, and food policies in Nepal, while also discussing the potential roles of women in these areas. Furthermore, the empirical examination presents our findings based on primary survey data from 604 consumer households in five major metropolitan areas of Nepal, Particularly focusing on gender differences in food safety awareness and purchase of fresh produce. Our overall findings suggest that the basic food safety practices and the enforcement of regulations have been overlooked in Nepal. Moreover, the study also underscores the potential roles women could play in enhancing awareness of safer fresh produce systems and safer food consumption. However, the findings also indicate that women in Nepal have lower awareness of food safety compared to men, emphasizing the need to improve education and awareness among women. To fully harness the potential of women as effective initiators, implementers, and promoters of enhancing food safety and sustainable food systems, awareness and training programs on food safety should prioritize the participation of women. It is crucial to encourage their involvement in food-related activities, leadership and management, and entrepreneurship.
Self confidence in successful life
Authors: Lakshmanan C
Published: May 2023

This book has proved highly motivational and has enabled many readers to overcome low self esteem and achieve their objectives in life. The author points out various ways by which one can overcome defeat, hardships and keep on the righteous track to succeed by using only fair means. People who are low in confidence, need a direction in life or a guiding light to keep them motivated makes this subjective compulsion a key to success for any individual says the author.
Normative Juridical Review Regarding Bank Interest in Islamic Law
Authors: Lumban Gaol Christopher Panal
Published: May 2023

This journal aims to examine the concept of bank interest (riba) within the framework of Islamic law (Sharia). The practice of charging and receiving interest has been a topic of significant debate and controversy among Islamic scholars and jurists. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the philosophical underpinnings of bank interest in Islamic law, taking into account various perspectives and interpretations within the Islamic legal tradition. The journal begins by exploring the foundational principles of Islamic law and its ethical framework, highlighting the prohibition of riba as outlined in the Quran and the Hadith. It discusses the historical context and evolution of Islamic banking and finance, emphasizing the need for alternative financial mechanisms that comply with Islamic principles. The study then delves into the philosophical considerations surrounding bank interest from an Islamic legal perspective. It examines different schools of thought and the rationale behind their positions, including the arguments for and against the permissibility of bank interest. The utilitarian perspective evaluates the societal consequences of interest-based transactions, while the deontological approach emphasizes the adherence to moral principles. The contractualist viewpoint focuses on the voluntary agreements between parties, and the concept of justice and equality is examined in relation to interest-based transactions. Furthermore, the journal analyzes contemporary practices in Islamic banking and finance, including the development of Islamic financial instruments that adhere to Sharia principles. It explores the role of regulatory bodies in overseeing and ensuring compliance with Islamic law in the financial industry. The research concludes by synthesizing the diverse perspectives and providing a comprehensive understanding of the philosophical considerations surrounding bank interest in Islamic law. It emphasizes the importance of contextual interpretation and critical analysis within the Islamic legal tradition to address the challenges and complexities posed by modern financial systems.
Evaluation of Drought Stress Tolerance in Some Faba Bean Genotypes Using Drought Tolerance Indices
Authors: Memari Morteza , Dadashi Mohammad Reza , Sheikh Fatemeh , Ajamnoruzi Hossein
Published: May 2023

To evaluate drought tolerance in faba bean genotypes, 21 genotypes were studied in a randomized complete block design with three replications under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions. The experiment was conducted in 2017-2018 at research station of Gorgan, Iran. Indices such as stress tolerance index (STI), stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance (TOL), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), yield index (YI) and yield sustainability index (YSI) were calculated for all genotypes according to grain yield in normal irrigation and stress conditions. Based on analysis of variance results, there was a significant difference among the genotypes in terms of grain yield in both environments (normal irrigation and drought stress). The results of correlation showed that STI, MP, GMP and TOL are suitable for selection of high-yielding genotypes in both environments, among which STI and MP were the most suitable indices to select drought-tolerant genotypes. Based on STI, MP and GMP indices, GF-65 genotype was classified drought-tolerant, and GF-525 and GF-21 were susceptible according to TOL and SSI indices. Results of cluster analysis showed that GF-66, GF-62, GF-75 and GF-67 were superior compared to other genotypes based on YSI, YI, GMP, MP and STI indices, and utilization of these genotypes may be recommended to achieve high yields in drought stress conditions.
Clifford Algebras, Hypercomplex Numbers and Nonlinear Equations in Physics
Authors: Gu Ying-Qiu
Published: May 2023

Hypercomplex number systems are vector algebras with the definition of multiplication and division of vectors, satisfying the associativity and distributive law. In this paper, some new types of hypercomplex numbers and their fundamental properties are introduced, the Clifford algebra formalisms of hydrodynamics and gauge field equations are established, and some novel consistent conditions helpful to understand the properties of solutions to nonlinear physical equations are derived. The coordinate transformation and covariant derivatives of hypercomplex numbers are also discussed. The basis elements of the hypercomplex numbers have group-like properties and satisfy a structure equation $\A^2=n\A$. The hypercomplex number system integrates the advantages of algebra, geometry and analysis, and provides a unified, standard and elegant language and tool for scientific theories and engineering technology, so it is easy to learn and use. The description of mathematical, physical and engineering problems by hypercomplex numbers is of neat formalism, symmetric structure and standard derivation, which is especially suitable for the efficient processing of the higher dimensional complicated systems.
Explicit Solutions for Geodetic Problems on the Deformed Sphere as Reference Model for the Geoid
Authors: Kovalchuk Vasyl , Mladenov Ivaïlo M.
Published: May 2023

In this article, we consider deformed spheres as a new reference model for the geoid, alternatively to the classical ellipsoidal one. The parametrization of deformed spheres is furnished through the incomplete elliptic integrals. From the other side, the solutions for geodesics on those surfaces are given entirely via elementary analytical functions, contrary to the case of ellipsoids of revolution. We explicitly described algorithms (all necessary computational steps) for the solution of the direct and inverse geodetic problems on the deformed spheres. Finally, we presented a few illustrative numerical solutions of the inverse geodetic problems for two conceptual cases of near and far points. It had turned out that even in the non-optimized case we obtained the good agreement with the predictions of the World Geodetic System 1984's ellipsoidal reference model.
Deltoid Tangents with Evenly Distributed Orientations and Random Tilings
Authors: Escudero Juan Garcia
Published: May 2023

We study the construction of substitution tilings of the plane based on certain simplicial configurations of tangents of the deltoid with evenly distributed orientations. The random tiling ensembles are obtained as a result of tile rearrangements in the substitution rules associated to edge flips. Special types of random tilings for Euclidean, spherical and hyperbolic three-manifolds are also considered.
Geometry of the Ovoids: Avian Eggs and Similar Asymmetric Forms
Authors: Mladenova Clementina D. , Mladenov Ivaïlo M.
Published: May 2023

Despite the longstanding interest in the shapes of the eggs the available parametric descriptions in the modern literature are given only via purely empirical formulas without any clear relationships with their measurable parameters. Here we present geometrical models of the eggs based on Perseus spirics and Cassinian ovals which were known since the ancient time but their analytical parameterization was also absent in the meantime. Such ones have been found recently and the present work is based on the idea to use spirics or Cassinians as geometrical models of the eggs shapes. New explicit formulas for the volumes, surface areas and the curvatures of the avian eggs have been derived from the first principles and these have been compared with the available experimental data.
Integrability in a Nonlinear Model of Swing Oscillatory Motion
Authors: Nikolov Svetoslav G. , Vassilev Vassil M.
Published: May 2023

Nonlinear dynamical systems can be studied in many different directions: i)~finding integrable cases and their analytical solutions, ii)~investigating the algebraic nature of the integrability, iii)~topological analysis of integrable systems, and so on. The aim of the present paper is to find integrable cases of a dynamical system describing the rider and the swing pumped (from the seated position) as a compound pendulum. As a result of our analytical calculations, we can conclude that this system has two integrable cases when: 1)~the dumbbell lengths and point-masses meet a special condition; 2)~the gravitational force is neglected.
Analysis of Arbitrary EM Field Exposure to a Multilayer Spherical Head Model Using Spherical Vector Wave Functions
Authors: Alian M. , Noori N.
Published: May 2023

A semi-analytical method is presented for the assessment of induced electromagnetic field inside a multilayer head model exposed to radiated field of an arbitrary source antenna. First the source antenna is simulated by a full-wave software in the absence of the head model to evaluate its radiating characteristics. Then, by sampling of the source radiated fields, its spherical vector wave function (SVWF) amplitudes are evaluated. The well-known translation addition theorem for spherical vector wave functions (SVWFs) is implemented to translate radiating field SVWFs to the local coordinates system of head model. Neglecting the reaction of model on source fields, using boundary conditions on the interfaces of adjacent layers, the unknown SVWF amplitudes of the fields inside each layer as well as those of the scattered field outside the head model are evaluated. Some numerical examples are presented for the verification of the proposed method. The acceptable consistency between the results obtained by the proposed method and full-wave simulations of the problem verifies the authenticity of the proposed method. In comparison to a full-wave numerical method, the proposed method provides an efficient repeatable simulation approach due to the independency of the source and head model analyses.
Autoimmune, Inflammatory, Atopic, Thyroid, and Psychiatric Outcomes of Offspring Born to Mothers With Alopecia Areata
Authors: Lee Ju Yeong , Ju Hyun Jeong , Han Ju Hee , Lee Ji Hae , Bae Jung Min , Lee Won-Soo , Lee Solam
Published: May 2023

Importance

Alopecia areata (AA) is associated with diverse autoimmune and psychiatric disorders. However, an investigation on the long-term outcomes for offspring born to mothers diagnosed with AA is lacking.

Objective

To investigate the risks for autoimmune, inflammatory, atopic, thyroid, and psychiatric outcomes of offspring born to mothers with AA.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective population-based birth cohort study used the linked birth registration database with the Nationwide Health Insurance Service database of Korea. The participants included all newborns born to mothers with 3 or more visits with International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision code of L63 and 1:10 birth year, sex, insurance, income, and location of residence–matched control offspring born to mothers without AA during the years from 2003 to 2015. The analysis was conducted from July 2022 to January 2023.

Exposure

Maternal AA.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The occurrence of the following diseases was measured in newborns from birth to December 31, 2020: AA, alopecia totalis/universalis (AT/AU), vitiligo, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, mood disorder, and anxiety disorder. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analyses were performed with the following covariates: birth year, age, insurance type, income level, location of residence, maternal age, mode of delivery, maternal history of atopic disorders, and autoimmune disorders.

Results

In total, 67 364 offspring born to 46 352 mothers with AA and 673 640 controls born to 454 085 unaffected mothers were analyzed. The risk of AA (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.08; 95% CI, 1.88-2.30), AT/AU (aHR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.18-2.08), vitiligo (aHR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.32-1.63), atopic disorders (aHR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.06-1.09), hypothyroidism (aHR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.03-1.25), and psychiatric disorders (aHR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.11-1.20) was significantly increased in offspring born to mothers with AA. Among them, 5088 born to mothers with AT/AU were at much greater risk for the development of AT/AU (aHR, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.48-6.00) and psychiatric disorders (aHR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.12-1.44).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this Korean retrospective population-based birth cohort study, maternal AA was associated with the development of autoimmune/inflammatory, atopic, thyroid, and psychiatric disorders in their offspring. Clinicians and parents need to be aware of the potential for these comorbidities to occur.
Promoting Social Prescribing in Psychiatry—Using Shared Decision-Making and Peer Support
Authors: Zisman-Ilani Yaara , Hayes Daniel , Fancourt Daisy
Published: May 2023

This Viewpoint discusses shared decision-making and peer support to promote prescription of nonclinical services based on patients’ preferences, goals, and needs as well as locally available services.
Human Leukocyte Antigen B27‐Negative Axial Spondyloarthritis: What Do We Know?
Authors: Deodhar Atul , Gill Tejpal , Magrey Marina
Published: May 2023

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic, immune‐mediated disease characterized by inflammatory axial skeleton involvement and extra‐musculoskeletal manifestations. The continuum of axSpA ranges from nonradiographic axSpA (nr‐axSpA) to ankylosing spondylitis, also known as radiographic axSpA; the latter is defined by definitive radiographic sacroiliitis. Human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA‐B27) is a genetic marker strongly associated with axSpA; it aids in the diagnosis of axSpA, and its absence leads to delay in diagnosis. For HLA‐B27‐negative patients, disease pathogenesis is poorly understood, signs and symptoms are frequently underrecognized, and diagnosis and treatment are commonly delayed. The proportion of HLA‐B27‐negative patients may be higher among non‐White patients and those with nr‐axSpA, who can face additional diagnostic challenges related to lack of definitive radiographic sacroiliitis. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of HLA‐B27 in the diagnosis and pathogenesis of axSpA and highlight various pathways and genes that may be related to axSpA pathogenesis in HLA‐B27‐negative patients. We also emphasize the need to characterize gut microbial communities in these patients. Adequate understanding of clinical and pathological features underlying HLA‐B27‐negative patients with axSpA will improve diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes for this complex inflammatory disease.
Multifunctionality through Embedding Patterned Nanostructures in High‐Performance Composites
Authors: Kaynan Ozge , Hosseini Ehsan , Zakertabrizi Mohammad , Motta De Castro Emile , Pérez Lisa M. , Jarrahbashi Dorrin , Asadi Amir
Published: May 2023

Despite being a pillar of high‐performance materials in industry, manufacturing carbon fiber composites with simultaneously enhanced multifunctionality and structural properties has remained elusive due to the lack of practical bottom‐up approaches with control over nanoscale interactions. Guided by the droplet's internal currents and amphiphilicity of nanomaterials, herein, a programmable spray coating is introduced for the deposition of multiple nanomaterials with tailorable patterns in composite.  It is shown that such patterns regulate the formation of interfaces, damage containment, and electrical‐thermal conductivity of the composites, which is absent in conventional manufacturing that primarily rely on incorporating nanomaterials to achieve specific functionalities. Molecular dynamics simulations show that increasing the hydrophilicity of the hybrid nanomaterials, which is synchronous with shifting patterns from disk to ring, improves the interactions between the carbon surfaces and epoxy at the interfaces,manifested in enhanced interlaminar and flexural performance. Transitioning from ring to disk creates a larger interconnected network  leading to improved thermal and electrical properties without penalty in mechanical properties. This novel approach introduces a new design , where the mechanical and multifunctional performance is controlled by the shape of the deposited patterns, thus eliminating the trade‐off between properties that are considered paradoxical in today's manufacturing of hierarchical composites.
Thermal Imaging and Clandestine Surveillance using Low‐Cost Polymers with Long‐Wave Infrared Transparency
Authors: Tonkin Samuel J. , Pham Le Nhan , Gascooke Jason R. , Johnston Martin R. , Coote Michelle L. , Gibson Christopher T. , Chalker Justin M.
Published: May 2023

With increasing use of infrared imaging in medical diagnostics, military and civilian surveillance, and navigation of autonomous vehicles, there is a need for low‐cost alternatives to traditional materials used in infrared optics such as germanium. Sulfur‐rich copolymers hold promise, as they are made from low‐cost feedstocks and have a high refractive index. In this report, cyclopentadiene is copolymerized with sulfur to provide a plastic with the highest long‐wave infrared transparency reported to date for this class of materials. Diverse lens architectures are accessible through melt casting or reactive injection molding. The featured copolymer is black, which enabled its use as an infrared‐transparent blind for protection of thermal imaging equipment and clandestine surveillance. These findings portend expanded use of sulfur copolymers in infrared optics.
Phenotypic trait variation in the North American Tragopogon allopolyploid complex
Authors: Jordon‐Thaden Ingrid E. , Spoelhof Jonathan P. , Viccini Lyderson Facio , Combs Joseph , Gomez Francisco , Walker Imari , Soltis Douglas E. , Soltis Pamela S.
Published: May 2023

Premise

Recently formed allopolyploids Tragopogon mirus and T. miscellus and their diploid parental species, T. dubius, T. porrifolius, and T. pratensis, offer a rare opportunity to study the earliest stages of allopolyploidy. The allopolyploid species have also been resynthesized, allowing comparisons between the youngest possible allopolyploid lineages and their natural, established counterparts. For the first time, we compared phenotypic traits on a large scale in Tragopogon diploids, natural allopolyploids, and three generations of synthetic allopolyploids.

Methods

Our large common‐garden experiment measured traits in growth, development, physiology, and reproductive fitness. We analyzed trait differences between allopolyploids and their parental species, and between synthetic and natural allopolyploids.

Results

As in many polyploids, the allopolyploid species had some larger physical traits and a higher capacity for photosynthesis than diploid species. Reproductive fitness traits were variable and inconsistent. Allopolyploids had intermediate phenotypes compared to their diploid parents in several traits, but patterns of variation often varied between allopolyploid complexes. Resynthesized and natural allopolyploid lines generally showed minor to nonexistent trait differences.

Conclusions

In Tragopogon, allopolyploidy results in some typical phenotypic changes, including gigas effects and increased photosynthetic capacity. Being polyploid did not produce a significant reproductive advantage. Comparisons between natural and synthetic T. mirus and T. miscellus are consistent with very limited, idiosyncratic phenotypic evolution following allopolyploidization.
Infection, nutritional status, and body composition: Associations at birth and 6 months postnatally in Soweto, South Africa
Authors: Momberg Douglas J. , Bell Rachel , Norris Shane A. , Ngandu Christian B. , Richter Linda M. , Murphy‐Alford Alexia J. , Said‐Mohamed Rihlat
Published: May 2023

Introduction

The impact of infection on infant nutritional status, body size, and growth is well documented. However, research into the impact of infection on infant body composition is limited. Greater understanding is, therefore, needed on the effects of infection in early life.

Methods

Associations between a composite morbidity index consisting of the sum of the cumulative tallies for a range of symptoms representing infection and morbidity in the infants and nutritional status (height‐for‐age (HAZ), and weight‐for‐height (WHZ)), and body composition (fat‐free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), fat‐free mass index (FFMI), and fat mass index (FMI)) at 6 months of age were investigated using hierarchical regression analysis.

Results

The sample comprised data between birth and 6 months postnatally, of 156 infants who were a priori born healthy in Soweto, South Africa. Morbidity, over the cumulative period of birth to 6 months, was associated with lower FMI (β = −1.77) and lower FM (β = −0.61), and conversely with higher FFM (β = 0.94), in infants at 6 months. No associations were found between the morbidity index and FFMI, HAZ, and WHZ. Increased birthweight was associated with a higher FFM (β = 0.66), HAZ (β = 1.14), and WHZ (β = 0.87). Finally, safely managed sanitation facilities, representative of reduced environmental exposure to fecal‐oral transmission pathways were associated with a higher HAZ (β = 1.21).

Discussion

Reduction in FMI and FM and exposure to inflammatory cytokines associated with mounting an immune response could alter phenotypic trajectories during to this period of plasticity. From a public health perspective, these results imply that it is important to intensify efforts to prevent infection in infants in the first 6 months postnatally, and that these efforts should concentrate on access to safely managed sanitation facilities.
ConsCal: A tool to aid medical genetics professionals in consanguineous populations
Authors: Alkuraya Imen F.
Published: May 2023

Consanguineous populations have a higher frequency of autosomal recessive diseases when compared to the rest of the world. This frequency is high enough that families in these populations may even have multiple autosomal recessive diseases. The recurrence risk calculation for the various combinations becomes increasingly more difficult as more recessive diseases are encountered in a family. Another challenge in these populations is investigating the pathogenicity of a variant by considering its segregation with the phenotype. Consanguinity causes the appearance of many homozygous variants due to the identity by descent phenomenon. As the number of these variants increases, so does the percentage of novel variants that need to be classified using segregation. Furthermore, the complexity of calculating the segregation power increases with the level of inbreeding, and in the case of consanguineous families, their pedigrees tend to be very complex. With the aim of addressing these two challenges using a mathematical algorithm, ConsCal, a tool made to specifically cater to medical genetics professionals working with consanguineous populations, was developed. The user‐friendly tool contains two primary functions. It simplifies recurrence risk calculations for any combination of autosomal recessive diseases and analyzes familial segregation data to assign a numerical value to the segregation power of a given variant to aid in its classification. As the use of genomics becomes more widespread, this tool can help address the growing need in calculating recurrence risk and segregation power in consanguineous populations.
Technical note: Measures of differentiation for quantitative traits
Authors: Relethford John H.
Published: May 2023

Studies of anthropological genetics and bioarcheology often examine the degree of among‐group variation in quantitative traits such as craniometrics and anthropometrics. One comparative index of among‐group differentiation is the minimum value of Wright's as estimated from quantitative traits. This measure has been used in certain population‐genetic applications such as comparison with estimated from genetic data, although some inferences are limited by how well the data and study design fit the underlying population‐genetic model. In many cases, all that is needed is a simple measure of among‐group variation. One such measure is , the proportion of total phenotypic variation accounted for by among‐group phenotypic variation, a measure easily obtained from analysis of variance and regression methods. This paper shows that and minimum are closely related as . is computationally easy and may be useful in cases where all we need is a simple measure of relative among‐group differentiation.
Construction of Co4 Atomic Clusters to Enable Fe−N4 Motifs with Highly Active and Durable Oxygen Reduction Performance
Authors: Han Ali , Sun Wenming , Wan Xin , Cai Dandan , Wang Xijun , Li Feng , Shui Jianglan , Wang Dingsheng
Published: May 2023

Fe−N−C catalysts with single‐atom Fe−N4 configurations are highly needed owing to the high activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the limited intrinsic activity and dissatisfactory durability have significantly restrained the practical application of proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Here, we demonstrate that constructing adjacent metal atomic clusters (ACs) is effective in boosting the ORR performance and stability of Fe−N4 catalysts. The integration of Fe−N4 configurations with highly uniform Co4 ACs on the N‐doped carbon substrate (Co4@/Fe1@NC) is realized through a “pre‐constrained” strategy using Co4 molecular clusters and Fe(acac)3 implanted carbon precursors. The as‐developed Co4@/Fe1@NC catalyst exhibits excellent ORR activity with a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.835 V vs. RHE in acidic media and a high peak power density of 840 mW cm−2 in a H2−O2 fuel cell test. First‐principles calculations further clarify the ORR catalytic mechanism on the identified Fe−N4 that modified with Co4 ACs. This work provides a viable strategy for precisely establishing atomically dispersed polymetallic centers catalysts for efficient energy‐related catalysis.
Deuterated TEKPol Biradicals and the Spin‐Diffusion Barrier in MAS DNP
Authors: Venkatesh Amrit , Casano Gilles , Rao Yu , De Biasi Federico , Perras Frédéric A. , Kubicki Dominik J. , Siri Didier , Abel Sébastien , Karoui Hakim , Yulikov Maxim , Ouari Olivier , Emsley Lyndon
Published: May 2023

The sensitivity of NMR spectroscopy is considerably enhanced by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). In DNP polarization is transferred from unpaired electrons of a polarizing agent to nearby proton spins. In solids, this transfer is followed by the transport of hyperpolarization to the bulk via 1H‐1H spin diffusion. The efficiency of these steps is critical to obtain high sensitivity gains, but the pathways for polarization transfer in the region near the unpaired electron spins are unclear. Here we report a series of seven deuterated and one fluorinated TEKPol biradicals to probe the effect of deprotonation on MAS DNP at 9.4 T. The experimental results are interpreted with numerical simulations, and our findings support that strong hyperfine couplings to nearby protons determine high transfer rates across the spin diffusion barrier to achieve short build‐up times and high enhancements. Specifically, 1H DNP build‐up times increase substantially with TEKPol isotopologues that have fewer hydrogen atoms in the phenyl rings, suggesting that these protons play a crucial role transferring the polarization to the bulk. Based on this new understanding, we have designed a new biradical, NaphPol, which yields significantly increased NMR sensitivity, making it the best performing DNP polarizing agent in organic solvents to date.
Single‐Crystal to Single‐Crystal Transformations: Stepwise CO2 Insertions into Bridging Hydrides of [(NHC)CuH]2 Complexes
Authors: Patrick Evan A. , Bowden Mark E. , Erickson Jeremy D. , Bullock R. Morris , Tran Ba L.
Published: May 2023

Mechanistic studies of substrate insertion into dimeric [(NHC)CuH]2 (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene) complexes with two bridging hydrides have been shown to require dimer dissociation to generate transient, highly reactive (NHC)Cu−H monomers in solution. Using single‐crystal to single‐crystal (SC‐SC) transformations, we discovered a new pathway of stepwise insertion of CO2 into [(NHC)CuH]2 without complete dissociation of the dimer. The first CO2 insertion into dimeric [(IPr*OMe)CuH]2 (IPr*OMe=N,N′‐bis(2,6‐bis(diphenylmethyl)‐4‐methoxy‐phenyl)imidazole‐2‐ylidene) produced a dicopper formate hydride [(IPr*OMe)Cu]2(μ‐1,3‐O2CH)(μ‐H). A second CO2 insertion produced a dicopper bis(formate), [(IPr*OMe)Cu]2(μ‐1,3‐O2CH)(μ‐1,1‐O2CH), containing two different bonding modes of the bridging formate. These dicopper formate complexes are inaccessible from solution reactions since the dicopper core cleanly ruptures to monomeric complexes when dissolved in a solvent.