bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LA PRÁCTICA DE LA ENSEÑANZA DE LA HISTORIA CON BASE EN LOS PROPÓSITOS PARA ENSEÑAR: EL CASO DE MARIANA
Authors: Gálvez Gabriel Villalón , Blanch Joan Pagès
Published: October 2016

RESUMEN: Este artículo indaga cómo la conciencia que tiene una profesora sobre los propósitos para enseñar puede fortalecer las decisiones que toma en su práctica. Seguimos a Barton y Levstik (2004) que han indicado que si los docentes tienen claros sus propósitos en sus acciones en el aula podrán desarrollar una práctica más efectiva. La investigación fue realizada a través del diseño de un estudio de caso. Para la recogida de los datos utilizamos cuestionarios, entrevistas y video-grabación. Para el análisis de la práctica utilizamos un marco para la observación que contempla cuatro dimensiones: Fundamentos para la enseñanza; Transformación; Conexión y Coherencia de la enseñanza; y Atención a los conocimientos de la historia de los estudiantes. El análisis lo centramos en la primera dimensión. Los resultados muestran que la conciencia de los propósitos favorece la toma decisiones más coherentes cuando enseña, como muestran los fundamentos sobre los que realizan su práctica.
DOS CONVENTOS E RECOLHIMENTOS PARA OS COLÉGIOS DE FREIRAS: AS DIFERENÇAS DA EDUCAÇÃO FEMININA CATÓLICA NOS SÉCULOS XVIII E XIX
Authors: Lage Ana Cristina Pereira
Published: October 2016

RESUMO: Este artigo analisa os princípios educativos da Igreja Católica nas especificidades das instituições confessionais femininas brasileiras nos séculos XVIII e XIX. Apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa acerca da educação instituída no interior dos conventos, lugares para uma vida perfeita, e agregados às ordens monásticas do século XVIII, caracterizada por um modo de vida claustral e pela educação devocional. No século XIX, devido à ampliação dos discursos da escolarização feminina e dos anseios de fortalecimento da Igreja Católica com o auxílio da devoção das mulheres, articula-se um novo modelo educativo confessional, instituído pela entrada das congregações de vida ativa no Brasil e a instalação de colégios para a educação de meninas, futuras mães e esposas. Salienta-se a importância desta pesquisa para discutir as diferenças e as continuidades entre os dois modelos propostos e compreender como a Igreja Católica articulou a educação feminina por meio de ordens e congregações religiosas.
O Orçamento por Desempenho como ferramenta para gestão e avaliação da política de saúde no município de São Bernardo do Campo, no período 2006 a 2012
Authors: Weiller José Alexandre Buso , Mendes Áquilas Nogueira
Published: October 2016

RESUMO Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho do gasto em saúde do município de São Bernardo do Campo, no período de 2006 a 2012, a partir de uma metodologia de desempenho do orçamento na saúde que busque relacionar o planejamento com os resultados da política de saúde alcançados. Trabalha-se com os instrumentos orçamentários Planos Plurianuais (PPAs), Leis de Diretrizes Orçamentárias (LDOs), Leis Orçamentárias Anuais (LOAs) e, ainda, relatórios e planilhas provenientes dos processos de pactuação em saúde. Assim, utiliza-se uma metodologia baseada no instrumento Orçamento por Desempenho, que permite avaliar a relação entre as metas alcançadas no município de São Bernardo do Campo, os recursos envolvidos e os resultados das políticas de saúde sob a ótica do orçamento.
Acesso e equidade nos serviços de saúde: uma revisão estruturada
Authors: Barros Fernando Passos Cupertino de , Lopes Jéssica de Souza , Mendonça Ana Valéria Machado , Sousa Maria Fátima de
Published: October 2016

RESUMO Artigo de revisão de literatura sobre a organização de serviços da Atenção Primária à Saúde em suas dimensões de acesso e equidade. Os artigos foram identificados nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde - Bireme). Palavras-chave: 'acesso aos serviços de saúde' e 'equidade'; período: 1993 a 2013. Dos 31 artigos encontrados, 29 estão em português, um em inglês e um em espanhol, publicados por 16 diferentes periódicos; 18 artigos (58,06%) referem-se à organização de serviços de saúde e 13 (41,94%) à equidade. A maioria (80,64%) utilizou abordagem qualitativa. Mais estudos são necessários a fim de avaliar se os sistemas de saúde tiveram impactos mensuráveis em termos de acesso e equidade.
Quando a participação de crianças e jovens com deficiência não se resume à atividade: um estudo bibliográfico
Authors: Santos Tatiana Vasconcelos dos , Moreira Martha Cristina Nunes , Gomes Romeu
Published: October 2016

Resumo O artigo analisa a abordagem da participação de crianças e adolescentes no campo dos estudos sobre deficiência (Disability Studies). Metodologicamente, conjuga uma revisão bibliográfica a uma análise de conteúdo temática com intuito de analisar quais dimensões da participação são exploradas na literatura. Como resultados, destacam-se quatro temáticas: Esporte, Qualidade de vida/Bem estar, Mensuração da participação e Escola. Conclui-se que há um foco na participação como execução de atividades em um contexto sendo escassas as discussões mais ampliadas sobre o domínio contemplando-o como um valor humano, relacionado à sociabilidade e bases de apoio, gerenciamento de autonomia e níveis de dependência.
Disability, family and society: new thinking of an old debate
Authors: Goldson Edward
Published: October 2016

Abstract The debate about disability, family and society is an old one. The needs of individuals with disabilities have not been a priority in most societies. However, this population is increasing with the advances in our medical technology and we can no longer ignore them. Overall care, from diagnosis to treatment and integration into society has been fragmented and disorganized. Thus, new thinking about individuals with disabilities has to take place. This article suggests the need for a paradigm shift has to how individuals with disabilities should be viewed and suggests a different model for the development of systems to meet the needs of this growing population.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE MEMÓRIA E MORTE DO IMPERADOR JULIANO NOS TESTEMUNHOS DE LIBÂNIO E AMIANO MARCELINO (SÉCULO IV d.C.)
Authors: OMENA Luciane Munhoz de , CARVALHO Margarida Maria de
Published: October 2016

RESUMO Dentre os vários temas que tratam sobre o Imperador Juliano, o assunto sobre a sua morte chamou nossa atenção. Vários autores da Antiguidade Tardia, cristãos ou não cristãos, forneceram várias versões sobre tal acontecimento. O sofista Libânio e o militar Amiano Marcelino registraram cenas relevantes da morte do Príncipe, redigiram seus textos na mesma época, eram antioquianos e provavelmente, se comunicavam. Porém, suas narrativas sobre a morte de Juliano se diferenciam. Portanto, temos como objetivo analisar as diversas mortes do Imperador Juliano apresentadas nos testemunhos de Libânio, assim como realizar a comparação desses relatos com o testemunho de Amiano Marcelino sobre o mesmo tema. A comparação servirá para termos uma melhor compreensão acerca da maneira como o sofista e o militar construíram uma memória virtuosa desse Imperador, transformando a morte daquele Príncipe em uma memória viva. Acrescentamos que os dois autores redigiram seus textos no período do Imperador Teodósio I. Logo, temos como hipótese que as diversas versões sobre a morte de Juliano estão relacionadas com eventos que permeiam os momentos da escrita das narrativas da morte. Dessa maneira, os autores tornam viva a memória sobre Juliano através dos vários relatos sobre o acontecimento fúnebre.
Decentralised Local Governance and Poverty Reduction in Post-1991 Ethiopia: A Political Economy Study
Authors: Bekele Yeshtila Wondemeneh , Kjosavik Darley Jose
Published: October 2016

After 1991, Ethiopia has introduced an ethnic federal governance system constituting nine regional states and two autonomous city administrations, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa. The restructuring of the state seemingly led to the decentralisation of power to the regions and Woreda (district authority) levels local governance structure in 1995 and 2002 respectively. The purpose of this article is to examine the practices of decentralised local governance in Ethiopia in general and the local governance performance at the level of peasant association (Kebele) in particular. The article also analyses the link between the local governance and poverty based on three indicators: decentralisation and self-rule (DSR), local capacity for planning (LCP), and effectiveness of local governance system (ELGS). Data was collected from eight selected Kebeles of three different regional states through household survey, qualitative interviews and focus group discussions. The study shows that while the power and control of the central government is well established, the Kebeles lack the capacity and resources to deliver development. The LCP at Kebele level is weak because of organisational incapacity and institutional constraints related to DSR. The ELGS is also poor since Kebeles do not have any fiscal rights and administrative power for the reasons associated with DSR and LCP. The government has been implementing poverty reduction strategies using productive safety net programmes and farmer training centres. These, however, have not had the desired outcome due to organisational and institutional incapacitation of Kebele administrations.
Statistical Analysis Of Spiral Dynamic Domains Spatial And Temporal Characteristics During Self-Organization Process In Iron Garnets Multidomain Magnetic Films
Authors: Agafonov L.Y. , Gerevenkov P.I. , Mekhonoshin D.S. , Pamyatnykh L.A.
Published: October 2016

Self-organization processes that appear as formation of spiral dynamic domains were studied in iron garnets epitaxial films. Application of statistics methods to analysis of large experimental dataset on spiral dynamic domains allowed establishing a threshold character of spiral dynamic domains spatial and temporal characteristics temperature dependencies. The threshold temperature, at which characteristics of spiral dynamic domains exhibit a sharp change, coincides with the temperature of most intense formation of the domains.
Features of Magnetocaloric Effect in Er(Co-Fe)2 Laves Phases
Authors: Anikin M.S. , Tarasov E.N. , Kudrevatykh N.V. , Semkin M.A. , Volegov A.S. , Inishev A.A. , Zinin A.V.
Published: October 2016

In this work the results of measurements of heat capacity (CP) and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in Er(Co1-хFeх)2 system in the concentration range 0.07 ≤ x ≤ 0.80 are presented. Phase composition was controlled by X-ray difraction analysis. Heat capacity was measured in the temperature range 77-320 K. MCE has been studied within the temperature range 5-670 K in magnetic fields up to 70 kOe. It was found that Fe concentration increase caused the table-like (plateau) MCE temperature dependence for both magnetic entropy change date and direct ∆T-effect measurements independently on Fe concentration. The possible reasons of such behavior are discussed.
Elastomagnetoresistive Properties of Films of 3d-Metalls Alloys
Authors: Balymov K.G. , Kudyukov E.V. , Kulesh N.A. , Lepalovskij V.N. , Vas’kovskiy V.O.
Published: October 2016

Magnetoresistive properties of 3d-metals alloys magnetostrictive films under application of elastic deformations were investigated. Linear stress was shown to have a significant effect on magnetoresistive effect in the films through the rotation of the easy magnetization axis. Dependencies of the relative change of resistivity were obtained in a cyclic deformation regime for films of different compositions.
Numerical And Experimental Study Of Multi-Point Forming Of Thick Double-Curvature Plates From Aluminum Alloy 7075
Authors: Belykh S. , Krivenok A. , Bormotin K. , Stankevich A. , Krupskiy R. , Mishagin V. , Burenin A.
Published: October 2016

The paper describes various rod type work tools intended for forming parts and their design peculiarities and technological processes they are used in. We present the device for multi-point forming thick double-curvature plates with the use of reconfigurable core punch and die in large temperature and speed range. The results of finite element modeling of forming and machining process are demonstrated. It is revealed that heating the work piece results in pressing of the rod into the work piece in the areas of maximum pressure. The depth of pressing depends on mechanical behavior of the material at forming temperature and force to forming rods. The paper presents the results of experiments on developing of multi-point forming plates.
Analysis Of Surface Orange Peel Of Automotive Aluminum Alloy Pipe Using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD)
Authors: Chao D.Y. , Shao W.Z. , Jiang J.T. , Zhen L.
Published: October 2016

The occurrence of orange peel in 6xxx alloy tube for automotive application was studied by super depth metallographic microscope and EBSD. The results revealed obvious ups and downs morphology at the surface after tube hydroforming. Compared with the undeformed case, more grains existed in the concave areas rather than individual out-of-plane displacement. The influence of surface orange peel on grain boundary morphology, crystal orientation, and texture are discussed. It is concluded, that surface orange peel is controlled by the spatial distribution of grain orientations and grain size through the thickness of the sample.
Combined Process For Producing Continuously Cast And Deformed Billets From Technical Copper
Authors: Chernomas V.V. , Khimukhin S.N. , Khimukhina T.S.
Published: October 2016

A foundry-forging module allowing one to obtain a deformed profile of a specified cross section from molten metal in a continuous mode is developed and fabricated. The data of metallography investigations of continuously cast deformed blanks (CCDB) from technical copper and their comparison with structures of cast test samples are given. The results of estimation of the dimensional geometric accuracy of the CCDB samples are presented.
Characteristics and Sensing Properties of the La1-xNdxCo0.3Fe0.7O3 System for CO Gas Sensors
Authors: Ding J.C. , Wu Z.P. , Li H.Y. , Cai Z.X. , Wang X.X. , Guo X.
Published: October 2016

A series of nanostructured La1-xNdxCo0.3Fe0.7O3 perovskite-type (x ranging from 0 to 1) were prepared using the co-precipitation method. CO gas sensing properties of La1-xNdxCo0.3Fe0.7O3 sensors were performed. La0.7Nd0.3Co0.3Fe0.7O3 sensor showed the highest response at 250 °C (S=52.8).
Synthesis In Supercritical Ammonia And Characterization Of Nanostructured Nickel Oxinitride
Authors: Ding K.J. , Semenov M.Yu.
Published: October 2016

Supercritical fluids have shown an increasing interest as reactive media (tunable properties from liquid to gas) to synthesize nanostructured materials by thermal decomposition of inorganic precursors at relatively low pressure and temperature. The particle formation process (nucleation and growth) is made by high supersaturation in the supercritical fluid. So, the adjustment of synthesis process parameters results in a precise control of particle shape, size (between 10 nm and 10 μm), and chemical composition. We present the technique of thermal, chemical-heat, and structural strength treatment of materials to produce nanostructured nickel oxinitride in supercritical ammonia (solvent and reactant) from the thermal decomposition of nickel hexafluroroacetylacetonate (280°C, 18 MPa). A preliminary study concerning magnetic properties of the material was done and a correlation between particle size and magnetic behavior was pointed out.
Formation and Optical Properties of BaSi2 Films on Si (111) – a Promising Nanomaterial for Solar Cells
Authors: Dubov V.L. , Fomin D.V. , Galkin K.N. , Galkin N.G.
Published: October 2016

Nowadays, scientists investigate new more efficient materials for creating solar cells. One of such materials is thin films of barium disilicide. In this paper, we describe formation of BaSi2 films on Si(111) by layer-by-layer solid phase epitaxy and study their optical properties in visible and infrared range.
Components Influence On Dielectric Properties Of Ferroelectric Composite Materials
Authors: Efimova O.V. , Stukova E.V. , Koroleva E.Yu.
Published: October 2016

The dielectric properties of ferroelectric composite (NH4HSO4)x/(PbTiO3)1-x is studied for x ranging from 0,00 to 0,50. Measurements of permittivity were performed by heating-cooling mode temperature range from 130 K to 380 K. The value of the temperature interval of existence of the ferroelectric phase increases by ~5 degrees and independent at the volume fraction of particulate inclusions in composites. It is shown that the inclusion of PbTiO3 particles gives rise to hysteresis upper temperature phase transition, which may indicate a change in the type of phase transition of the second order on the first-order phase transition.
Dielectric Permittivity Enhancement By Charged Domain Walls Formation In Stoichiometric Lithium Niobate
Authors: Esin A.A. , Akhmatkhanov A.R. , Shur V.Ya.
Published: October 2016

We present an experimental study of contribution of charged domain walls into dielectric permittivity of lithium niobate. It has been shown that formation of dense structure with spike-like domains leads to order of magnitude increase of permittivity, which gradually decreases with time. The decrease rate accelerates under DC bias. Dielectric permittivity decreases linearly with a logarithm of frequency. The obtained results were explained considering vibration of the steps on the charged domain walls.
Strontium And Iron Substituted Lanthanum Nickelate As Cathode Material In Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Gilev A.R. , Kiselev E.A. , Cherepanov V.A.
Published: October 2016

The MIEC La1.5Sr0.5Ni1-yFeyO4 (y=0.1-0.4) oxides have been studied as cathode materials with La0.88Sr0.12Ga0.82Mg0.18O3-δ (LSGM) electrolyte. Total conductivity, thermal expansion, oxygen nonstoichiometry, and chemical compatibility with LSGM and Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 (SDC) were determined. The following fuel cells were tested: La1.5Sr0.5Ni1-yFeyO4 (y=0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4)/SDC/LSGM/Sr2N0.75Mg0.25MoO6 (SNMM) and La1.5Sr0.5Ni0.6Fe0.4O4/SDC/LSGM/SDC/NiO-SDC. For the former, the maximum power densities were 218, 274, 222, and 390 mW/cm2 at 850 °C in case of y equal to 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4, respectively. The latter cell showed maximum power density of 341 mW/cm2 at 850°C.
Development Of A Cathode Designing Method To Avoid Electrodes’ Interference During Blisk Electrochemical Machining
Authors: Zhang J.C. , Xu Z.Y. , Su W.F. , Zhu D.
Published: October 2016

Electrochemical machining plays a prominent role in blisk (bladed integrated disk) construction process. Since blisk channel is narrow and twisted, interference between electrodes may happen during electrochemical machining. Therefore, this paper develops a cathode designing method to avoid interference. Firstly, according to theory of electrochemical machining, machined channel is predicted by calculation. Second, with this channel, interference analysis is carried out and a cathode is designed. Finally, the cathode is employed in experiment and no interference appears.
Physical And Mechanical Properties Of Sea Ice In Bending
Authors: Koshkin S.V. , Taranukha N.A.
Published: October 2016

The work presents the study of changes in the physical and mechanical properties of sea ice in bending. Strength limit σв and deformation module Ев of ice under bending are conditional mechanical characteristics of sea ice. These characteristics do not reflect the actual stress state of ice destruction at the time. The ratio of the module to the strength limit Ев/σв determines the relative radius of curvature of neutral layer in the place of ice destruction. It is shown that this ratio increases with the increase of ice temperature. Dependencies for determining of Ев and σв of sea ice that generalize the experimental data are obtained.
Influence of Magnetic Prehistory on the Exchange Bias in Fe20Ni80/FeMn/Fe20Ni80 Films
Authors: Kulikova T.V. , Stepanova E.A. , Vas’kovskiy V.O.
Published: October 2016

In this work peculiarities of the hysteresis properties formation in permalloy layers included in Fe20Ni80/FeMn/Fe20Ni80 films were investigated. Temperature dependencies of magnetization reversal parameters were analyzed in the temperature range 5-300 K for samples with various FeMn thickness (2÷4 nm). Conditions of the exchange bias emergence were determined. Magnetic history was shown to have a significant effect on the magnitude and the character of the exchange bias.
Benefits And Prospects Of Laser Welding Application In Vacuum
Authors: Letyagin I.Yu. , Trushnikov D.N. , Belenkiy V.Ya.
Published: October 2016

In the recent years laser beam welding has been more and more broadly used in the industry for the production of details of significant appointment. One of the perspective directions of laser technologies for the production of significant products of big thickness is the welding by the concentrated laser beam in vacuum that allows producing faultless welded seams with the high relation of seam depth to its width. The conducted researches confirm results of theoretical modeling of processes at laser beam welding.
Preparation and Properties of Boron-Based Nano-B/CuO Thermite
Authors: Liu T. , Chen X. , Han A.J. , Ye M.Q. , Zhang S.T.
Published: October 2016

We adopt precipitation to prepare the nanometer CuO and coat it on boron particles of micro- and nano-size. The morphology and coating result of B/CuO nanocomposite thermite were characterized using different techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results indicated that the boron particles were coated completely by nanocomposite CuO and well distributed. The B/CuO nanocomposite thermite reaction process was tested by thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetry. The obtained reaction temperature of B/CuO particles is about 116.86° lower than that of boron particles. The B/CuO thermite and boron powder were added to Mg/PTFE propellant to be measured for their respective combustion performance. The results showed that the B/CuO-Mg/PTFE propellant burning rate increased by 12.87%, mass burning rate by 13.48%, and combustion temperature increased by 56.3° compared to the B-Mg/PTFE propellant. The above results indicate that the CuO coating of boron particles increases the combustion performance of propellant compared with uncoated particles.
Electrical Properties of Tungstates Ln2(WO4)3 (Ln – Gd, Ho)
Authors: Lopatin D.A. , Guseva A.F. , Pestereva N.N. , Vostrotina E.L. , Baldina L.I.
Published: October 2016

Electrical properties of Gd2(WO4)3 and Ho2(WO4)3 were studied and the type of charge carriers was determined. The studied compounds have a salt-like isle structure with isolated tetrahedrons. It crystallises in the Еu2(WO4)3 structural type, so-called ‘defective scheelite’, in which 1/3 of Ln sites are vacant, Ln2/3[VLn]1/3WO4. Predominant ionic conductivity in Ln2(WO4)3 (Ln = Gd, Ho) was established both by the EMF method and from independence of conductivity versus oxygen partial pressure. A minor contribution (4-11%) of the anion [WO4]2- transport was detected by the Tubandt method, which along with the results of the EMF technique proves the predominant oxygen conductivity.
Heat Treatment Effect On Magnetic Properties Of Finemet-Type Films
Authors: Mikhalitsyna E.A. , Kataev V.A. , Lepalovskij V.N. , Larrañaga A. , Volegov A.S.
Published: October 2016

A study of the heat treatment effect on the structure and magnetic properties of the amorphous and nanocrystalline Finemet-type thin films of the compositions Fe73.9Si13.2B8.9Nb3Cu1 and Fe72.5Si14.2B8.7Nb2Mo1.5Cu1.1 were performed by means of X-ray diffraction, magneto-optical Kerr-microscopy, and magnetic properties measurement system. The heat treatment leads to magnetic anisotropy decreasing as a result of crystallization processes, which are heavily dependent on the alloy’s composition.
Polarization reversal by tip of scanning probe microscope in SBN
Authors: Neradovskaya E.A. , Neradovskiy M.M. , Fedorovyh V.V. , Turygin A.P. , Shur V.Ya. , Kholkin A.L. , Ivleva I.L.
Published: October 2016

We present the results of experimental study of the influence of initial domain state on the shape and size of isolated domains created by the conductive tip of scanning probe microscope during local polarization reversal in relaxor ferroelectric strontium barium niobate doped with nickel and cerium. The domain radius was found to increase with increasing voltage and time and depend on the initial polarization direction. Circular domains of the opposite sign were found to appear due to polarization backswitching. The obtained results can be used for practical applications of domain and domain wall engineering in ferroelectrics.
Polymer Nanocomposites Exploited Under The Arctic Conditions
Authors: Okhlopkova A.A. , Nikiforov L.A. , Okhlopkova T.A. , Borisova R.V.
Published: October 2016

Several technologies of the preparation of nanocomposites based on ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene were developed. The first technology is based on mechanical activation of layered silicates with surfactant before addition into polymer matrix. The second technology represents mixing of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene with nanoparticles by joint mechanical activation in a planetary mill. The third technology is based on mixing of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene with nanoparticles in liquid media under continuous ultrasonic treatment. Common features of these technologies are reaching of filler uniform distribution in a polymer matrix and significant improvement in the mechanical properties. Also, supramolecular structure of the composites was studied.
Problems Of Operation Of Elastomer Materials In The Arctic Region
Authors: Petrova N.N. , Portnyagina V.V. , Mukhin V.V. , Kyzmina E.S.
Published: October 2016

The operability of frost-resistant industrial sealing rubbers on the basis of full-scale exposure of rubber samples in the environment of oil in cold climate has been investigated. It is found that interaction of rubbers with oil media (fuel, lubricants) causes diffusion of a plasticizer from the elastomer material into the contacting medium and decrease of frost resistance coefficient. Choosing the material for production of different seals for the conditions of the North one must use rubbers with significant temperature range of operation, for example propylen-oxide elastomer, which is highly frost resistant  and has a stable set of operational properties.
Magnetic Structures of Some Multiferroics
Authors: Semkin M.A. , Urusova N.V. , Kellerman D.G. , Nosov A.P. , Lee S. , Pirogov A.N.
Published: October 2016

We studied crystal and magnetic structures of some composite and single-phase multiferroics: (x)MFe2O4 + (1-x)BaTiO3, Ni3-yCoyV2O8, and Bi0.9Ba0.1Fe0.9Ti0.1O3. Composite multiferroics (x)MFe2O4 + (1-x)BaTiO3 with x = (0.2; 0.3; 0.4) and M = (Ni, Co) have ferrimagnetic structure, which is described by the propagation vector k = 0. Oxides Ni3-yCoyV2O8 with y = (0.1; 0.3; 0.5) possess a modulated magnetic structure, described by the vector k = (δ, 0, 0), where δ = 0.283 and 0.348 at 7.4 K for y = 0.1 and 0.5, respectively. In the Bi0.9Ba0.1Fe0.9Ti0.1O3 multiferroic a magnetic order is destroyed at 600 K and the Fe-ion magnetic moment decreases from µ = 3.46(5) μB at 300 K to zero at 600 K.
Effect Of Annealing On The Behavior Of Oxygen Dissolved In Germanium And Optical Properties Of Single Crystals
Authors: Shimanskii A.F. , Podkopaev O.I. , Pavluk T.O. , Kopytkova S.A. , Gorodishcheva A. N. , Filatov R.A.
Published: October 2016

The annealing effect in the temperature range from 350 to 450 °С on the behavior of interstitial oxygen Оi dissolved in germanium and on optical properties of single crystals has been investigated by Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry. It was found that oxygen band maximum of 843 cm–1 shifted toward the 856 cm−1 with oxygen concentration increasing after annealing at the oxygen partial pressure ranged from 1 to 103 Pа. The annealing at lower  values led to the decrease of 843 cm–1 band intensity due to the formation of thermal donors (TD) on the basis of dissolved oxygen atoms Оi. It was established that TD formation and the decrease of unbound oxygen concentration affected optical properties of the crystals.
Wear-Resistant Polymer Composites Based On Polytetrafluoroethylene And Layered Silicates
Authors: Sleptsova S.A. , Kapitonova Yu.V. , Lazareva N.N. , Makarov M.M.
Published: October 2016

To improve interaction on the phase boundary of polymer composites, we used functional additives, mechanoactivation method, and ultrasound. In the case of the use of serpentine as a modifier of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), the introduction of magnesium nanospinel (NS) as functional additive resulted in the increase of wear resistance of composite in 2500 times. Effect of ultrasonic irradiation on the composites comprising phlogopite was considered. IR data have shown that NS influences the intensification of the tribological processes. In sonicated composites the intensity of the IR spectra of oxidized fragments depends on the content of NS and correlates with the wear resistance.
Influence of Carbon Fibers on Structure and Properties of Polytetrafluoroethylene
Authors: Okhlopkova A.A. , Struchkova T.S. , Vasilev A.P. , Alekseev A.G. , Nikiforov L.A.
Published: October 2016

In this paper, we studied the effect of carbon fibers on the performance properties of polymer composites based on polytetrafluoroethylene. It was shown that the introduction of PTFE carbon fibers significantly improved tribological and mechanical properties of the composite. The correlation between the performance properties and supramolecular structure was found. Initial lamellar structure of the polymer became less in size without significant changes in morphology when filled. Such process was accompanied by the increase of crystalline regions number and the crystallinity degree of composite. Structural studies have shown that materials with more densely packed and highly crystalline structure have increased mechanical and tribological properties. The developed materials can be used in friction units of machines and devices, where the use of lubricants is not acceptable or restricted.
Forecasting Durability and Cyclic Strength of Aluminum Alloy AA2219 Using Fractal Analysis of Acoustic Emission
Authors: Sysoev O.E. , Kolykhalov D.G. , Kuznetsоv E.A. , Belykh S.V.
Published: October 2016

Acoustic emission (AE) monitoring was used to examine the fatigue failure of aluminum alloy AA2219 under cyclic loading. AE fractal analysis revealed separate sources of elastic waves on the macro-, meso-, and micro-levels of the deformed material. The correlation between the number of AE hits, revealed during the first loading cycle, from the AE sources was shown on the macrolevel and the number of loading cycles, leading to the destruction of the sample. Results achieved allow forecasting durability of materials made of AA2219 alloy right after the first loading half-cycle.
Enhanced Strength and Ductility of AZ80 Magnesium Alloys by Spray Forming and ECAP Techniques
Authors: Tang L.L. , Zhao Y.H. , Islamgaliev R.K. , Valiev R.Z.
Published: October 2016

Fast spray forming technology followed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was employed to obtain a specific microstructure: separated coarse magnesium grains surrounded by deformation networks. The deformation layer consisted of ultrafine grained magnesium with an average grain size of 0.6 μm and ellipsoidal shaped β-Mg17Al12 particles with a size of 200-300 nm and a volume fraction of 13%. Mechanical tensile test demonstrates the advantage of the specific structure: a yield strength of 235MPa combined with an elongation to failure of 14%.
1D NiO-SnO2 Heterojunction Nanofibers as Acetone Sensor
Authors: Tang W. , Wang J.
Published: October 2016

1D NiO-SnO2 nanofibers with p-n heterostructure were synthesized by electrospinning with post-synthetic heat treatment. The morphology and composition were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. A possible growth model was proposed to describe the formation of hierarchical NiO-SnO2. The gas sensors based on NiO-SnO2 exhibited p-type response to acetone. The excellent acetone sensing properties may be attributed to numerous p-n junctions between NiO and SnO2 nanograins as well as the unique architecture. The changes of energy level and space charge layer of NiO-SnO2 heterojunction nanofibers when exposed to acetone are described in detail.
Electromechanical Measurements Of Gd-Doped Ceria Thin Films By Laser Interferometry
Authors: Ushakov A.D. , Yavo N. , Mishuk E. , Lubomirsky I. , Shur V.Ya. , Kholkin A.L.
Published: October 2016

Highly sensitive laser interferometer was built to measure electromechanical coupling in Gd-doped ceria Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-x thin films in the frequency range up to 20 kHz. Spurious resonances due to substrate bending were avoided by the special mounting of the film in the center of substrate. Compact design allowed to reach high vertical resolution of about 0.2 pm. Electrostriction coefficient measured in 1 µm thick Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-x film was 4.3×10-21 m2/V2 and slightly decreased with frequency till the extensional resonance of the substrate at about 20 kHz occurred. As expected, the displacement varied as a square of applied voltage without any sign of saturation.
Controlling Surface Potential of Graphene Using dc Electric Field
Authors: Vidyasagar R. , Camargo B. , Pelegova E. , Romanyuk K. , Kholkin A.L.
Published: October 2016

In this work, we study surface potential of graphite deposited on SiO2/Si substrate using Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) and Electric Force Microscopy (EFM). The amplitude modulated KPFM (AM-KPFM) shows that the graphene layer work function is 4.69±0.02 eV, whereas frequency modulated KPFM (FM-KPFM) revealed 4.50±0.02 eV. The work function indifference of 0.19±0.02 eV was attributed to the superior resolution of FM-KPFM and higher detection sensitivity of AM-KPFM. Subsequent EFM mapping suggests that the phase monotonically increases with increasing applied dc bias voltage in the range from -5 V to 5 V. This phase shift is ascribed to the induced charge polarization at tip-graphene surface due to interatomic interactions induced by dc field effects.
Free Vibration Analysis Of The Moderately Thick Laminated Composite Rectangular Plate On Two-Parameter Elastic Foundation With Elastic Boundary Conditions
Authors: Zhang H. , Shi D.Y. , Wang Q.S.
Published: October 2016

An improved Fourier series method is presented for the free vibration analysis of the moderately thick laminated composite rectangular plate with general elastic supports and point supports resting on an elastic foundation. The approach is based on the first order shear deformation theory and foundation effect using two-parameter Pasternak foundation model. The displacement and rotation functions are generally sought, regardless of boundary conditions, as Fourier series and supplementary functions. All the series expansion coefficients are determined using the Rayleigh-Ritz technique. The excellent accuracy of the current results is validated by comparing them with existing results.
O MONOTEÍSMO EM DEBATE
Authors: Dowell João A. Mac Dowell
Published: October 2016

A globalização do fenômeno do terrorismo de inspiração islâmica tem acirrado nos últimos tempos a discussão em torno das religiões monoteístas e do potencial de violência gerado, segundo alguns, por sua pretensão de absoluto e de universalidade. Uma contribuição importante para este debate – embora não sob a perspectiva da intolerância apenas ou do Islã – oferece a obra coletiva que analisamos “É a fé inimiga da liberdade? O novo debate acerca do monoteísmo”. De fato, trata-se propriamente da fé bíblico-cristã em um Deus único e da sua legitimidade no mundo atual, no qual a liberdade e o pluralismo de opções são exaltados como expressão máxima do processo de emancipação da razão moderna.
OS CAMINHOS DA METAFÍSICA: DA EPISTEMOLOGIA À ETICA: IDA-E-VOLTA
Authors: Gilbert Paul
Published: October 2016

A reflexão fundamental contemporânea, metafísica, parece ter mudado de paradigma. A metafísica chamada “clássica” se consagrava às questões da fundamentação do saber. Era mais uma epistemologia dos conhecimentos que ultrapassam a física, mantendo laços com ela, do que uma verdadeira metafísica, um discurso que rompe com as condições próprias da física. Aliás, todo discurso, inclusive o da física, é operatório. A metafísica contemporânea presta atenção aos atos operatórios do espírito humano, à sua performatividade. A primeira parte do artigo vai assim das representações determinadas ou científicas do saber ao ato que é interior a todo saber e cuja estrutura não ignora certa passividade, a acolhida do que é. A segunda parte do artigo, inspirando-se na fenomenologia contemporânea, passa, em seguida, do ato assim descrito e essencialmente ético a uma compreensão renovada do evento (ou do real) enquanto tal.Abastract: The paradigm of contemporary metaphysical reflection seems to have changed. The so called “classical” metaphysics dealt with the groundings of knowledge; it was more an epistemology of the knowledge that went beyond physics, although it kept a strong relationship with it, than a true meta-physics, that is, a discourse breaking with the conditions of physics. Moreover, all discourses, including that of physics, are operatory. Contemporary metaphysics is attentive to the operatory acts of the human mind and to their performativity. The first part of this paper will thus go from the determined or scientific representations of knowledge to the act within all knowledge whose structure contains an element of passivity: the reception of what is. The second part, inspired by contemporary phenomenology, will go from the act described above, which is essentially ethical, to a renewed understanding of the event (or of reality) as such.
Synthesis, Properties and Stereochemistry of 2-Halo-1,2λ5-oxaphosphetanes
Authors: Kolodiazhna Anastasy O. , Kolodiazhnyi Oleg I.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Results of research into four-membered phosphorus(V)-heterocycles, 2-halogen-1,2λ5-oxaphosphetanes are presented. The preparation of 2-halo-1,2λ5-oxaphosphetanes by reaction of P-haloylides with carbonyl compounds is described. The mechanism of asynchronous [2+2]-сycloaddition of ylides to aldehydes was proposed on the base of low-temperature NMR investigations. 2-Halogen-1,2λ5-oxaphosphetanes were isolated as individual compounds and their structures were confirmed by 1Н, 13C, 19F and 31Р NMR spectra. These compounds are convenient reagents for preparing of various organic and organophosphorus compounds hardly available by other methods. Chemical and physical properties of the 2-halo-1,2λ5-oxaphosphetanes are reviewed. The 2-chloro-1,2λ5-oxaphosphetanes depending on substituents at the α-carbon atom rearrange with formation of 2-chloroalkylphosphonates or convert into trans-phosphorylated alkenes. Prospective synthetic applications of 2-halo-1,2λ5-oxaphosphetanes are analyzed. The 2-halo-1,2λ5-oxaphosphetanes may be easily converted to various alkenylphosphonates: allyl- or vinylphosphonates, phosphorus ketenes, thioketenes, ketenimines.
Viewing Some Ordinary Differential Equations from the Angle of Derivative Polynomials
Authors: Qi Feng , Guo Bai-Ni
Published: October 2016

In the paper, the authors view some ordinary differential equations and their solutions from the angle of (the generalized) derivative polynomials and simplify some known identities for the Bernoulli numbers and polynomials, the Frobenius-Euler polynomials, the Euler numbers and polynomials, in terms of the Stirling numbers of the first and second kinds.
Using MODIS Data to Predict Regional Corn Yields
Authors: Ban Ho-Young , Kim Kwang Soo , Park No-Wook , Lee Byun-Woo
Published: October 2016

A simple approach was developed to predict corn yields using the MoDerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data product from two geographically separate major corn crop production regions: Illinois, USA and Heilongjiang, China. The MOD09A1 data product, which are 8-day interval surface reflectance data, were obtained from day of the year (DOY) 89 to 337 to calculate the leaf area index (LAI). The sum of the LAI from early in the season to a given date in the season [end of DOY (EOD)] was well fitted to a logistic function and represented seasonal changes in leaf area duration (LAD). A simple phenology model was derived to estimate the dates of emergence and maturity using the logistic function parameters b1 and b2, which represented the rate of increase in LAI and the date of maximum LAI, respectively. The phenology model predicted emergence and maturity dates fairly well, with root mean square error (RMSE) values of 6.3 and 4.9 days for the validation dataset, respectively. Two simple linear regression models (YP and YF) were established using LAD as the variable to predict corn yield; the yield model (YP) used LAD from predicted emergence to maturity, and the yield model (YF) used LAD for a predetermined period from DOY 89 to a particular EOD. When state/province corn yields for the validation dataset were predicted at DOY 321, near completion of the corn harvest, the YP model performed much better than the YF model, with RMSE values of 0.68 t/ha and 0.66 t/ha for Illinois and Heilongjiang, respectively. The YP model showed a similar or better performance, even for the much earlier yield prediction at DOY 257, compared to that of the YF model. In conclusion, the phenology and yield models were developed based only on logistic changes in remote sensing-derived LAD, and predicted phenological dates and corn yields with considerable accuracy and precision for the two regions selected for this study. However, these models must be examined for spatial portability in more diverse agro-climatic regions.
The Finite Element Analysis for Concrete Filled Steel Columns under Blast Load
Authors: Omidinasab Fereydoon , Beiranvand Peyman , Sadeghi Golmakani Saeideh , Zarei Mohammad
Published: October 2016

Concrete-filled steel columns have been extensively used in the world due to having all suitable characteristics of concrete and steel, more ductility, increasing concrete confinement using steel wall, large energy-absorption capacity and appropriate fire behavior. In present paper, concrete-filled steel square columns have been simulated under the influence of blast load using ABAQUS software. These responses will be compared for scaled distances based on the distance to source and weight of explosive material. As result, it can be seen that although concrete deformation has been restricted using steel tube, but inner layer of concrete has been seriously damaged and column displacement will be decreased by increasing scaled distance. We also concluded that concrete-filled steel columns have high ductility and blast resistance.
Health Hazards Associated with Consumption of Roof-Collected Rainwater in Urban Areas in Emergency Situations
Authors: Stewart Carol , Kim Nick D. , Johnston David M. , Nayyerloo Mostafa
Published: October 2016

The greater Wellington region, New Zealand, is highly vulnerable to large earthquakes because it is cut by active faults. Bulk water supply pipelines cross the Wellington Fault at several different locations, and there is considerable concern about severe disruption of the provision of reticulated water supplies to households and businesses in the aftermath of a large earthquake. A number of policy initiatives have been launched encouraging householders to install rainwater tanks to increase post-disaster resilience. However, little attention has been paid to potential health hazards associated with consumption of these supplies. To assess health hazards for householders in emergency situations, six 200-litre emergency water tanks were installed at properties across the Wellington region, with five tanks being allowed to fill with roof-collected rainwater and one tank being filled with municipal tapwater as a control. Such tanks are predominantly set aside for water storage, and once filled, feature limited drawdown and recharge. Sampling from these tanks was carried out fortnightly for one year, and samples analysed for E. coli, pH, conductivity, a range of major and trace elements, and organic compounds, enabling an assessment of the evolution of water chemistry in water storage tanks over time. Key findings were that the overall rate of E.coli detections in the rain-fed tanks was 17.7%, which is low in relation to other studies. We propose that low incidences of E.coli may be due to biocidal effects of high zinc concentrations in tanks, originating from unpainted galvanised steel roof cladding. Lead concentrations were high compared to other studies, with 69% of rain-fed tank samples exceeding the World Health Organisation’s health-based guideline of 0.01 mg/L. Further work is required to determine risks of short-term consumption of this water in emergency situations.
The Relationship between Residential Electricity Consumption and Income: A Piecewise Linear Model with Panel Data
Authors: Liu Yanan , Gao Yixuan , Hao Yu , Liao Hua
Published: October 2016

There are many uncertainties and risks in residential electricity consumption during the economic development. Knowledge of the relationship between residential electricity consumption and its key determinant—income—are important to the sustainable development of electric power industry. Using panel data from 30 provinces for the 1995-2012 period, this study investigates how residential electricity consumption changes as incomes increase in China. Previous studies typically used linear or quadratic double-logarithmic models imposing ex ante restrictions on the indistinct relationship between residential electricity consumption and income. Contrary to those models, we employed a reduced piecewise linear model that is self-adaptive and highly flexible and circumvents the problem of “prior restrictions.” Robust tests of different segment specifications and regression methods are performed to ensure the conservatism of the research. The results provide strong evidence that the income elasticity was approximately one, and it remained stable throughout the estimation period. The income threshold at which residential electricity consumption automatically remains stable or slows has not been reached. To ensure the sustainable development of the electric power industry, introducing higher energy efficiency standards for electrical appliances and improving income levels are vital. And government should emphasize electricity conservation in industrial sector rather than in residential sector.
The Impact of Terrorist Attacks on Foreign Exchange Rate: Case Study of Turkish Lira versus Pound Sterling
Authors: Maitha Mansoor , Mustofa Jehar , Gok Ugur
Published: October 2016

In this study the impact of terrorist attacks on exchange rate is estimated. Particularly, the study focuses on Turkish terrorist attacks and its implication on Turkish lira versus pound sterling exchange rate. In order, to find the causal effect the study employed Autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) bound testing approach as an estimation technique. Accordingly, the analysis reveals that terrorist attack has a negative impact on the exchange rate in both short and long-run. However, the negative effect of terrorism tends to be small in both the short-run and long-run. More precisely, terrorist attack depreciates the exchange rate between Turkish lira and pound sterling by approximately 0.00072 in the next trading day. The long-term effect also shows that terrorist attack depreciates the exchange rate on average by 0.00212.