bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bi-ethnic Socialization of Marriage Migrant Women from Vietnam: The Five Practices at the Intersection of Hierarchies
Authors: Lee Jiyeon , Chung Grace H.
Published: August 2020

This paper explored the marriage migrant mothers’ experiences of parenting bi-ethnic children in South Korea based on the concepts of ethnic socialization and intersectionality. We analyzed in-depth interviews of 22 marriage migrant women from Vietnam residing in the capital region of South Korea. They had at least one child whose biological father is Korean. Children were 5 years old or older, attending preschool or elementary school. Five types of bi-ethnic socialization strategies were identified, which provide portraits of different situations in which marriage migrant women were placed. The five strategies that emerged from the data were 1) “Natural practice of bi-ethnic socialization” including two heterogeneous groups, “Coexistence of two cultures” and “Mixture of two cultures”, 2) “Active practice of bi-ethnic socialization”, 3) “Struggling practice of bi-ethnic socialization”, 4) “Silence on bi-ethnic socialization”, and 5) “Suppressed bi-ethnic socialization”. The strategies of bi-ethnic socialization that marriage migrant women chose to raise their children reflected personal perceptions of Korean society and individual ethnic identity formed within Korean society. This study complements existing research on ethnic socialization by examining how ethnic socialization practices are shaped by multiple contexts marriage migrant women embedded in Korean society.
Islã no Brasil: reflexões sobre educação e sociedade
Authors: McGeoch Graham
Published: August 2020

Islã é uma religião brasileira tanto quanto o cristianismo. Ele está presente no Brasil desde os tempos coloniais. Ele tem características específicas (se manifestando como um ‘islã local’) e, ao mesmo tempo pertença a umma (se manifestando como um ‘islã transnacional’). Porém, a percepção do islã na educação e sociedade não é influenciada apenas pelo ‘islã local’. A geopolítica de ‘fim de história’ e ‘choque de civilizações’, acompanhados pelas construções do orientalismo e da islamofobia acabam sendo mediado por vozes seculares (a mídia) e vozes religiosas (igrejas evangélicas). Isso é contra o princípio fundamental do diálogo inter-religioso que uma religião deveria falar por si mesma. Hans Küng, Ghazi bin Muhammad e Miroslav Volf propõem um caminho para o diálogo inter-religioso com base em razões religiosas (teológicas), algo que frequentemente deixa sociedades seculares profundamente desconfortáveis, especialmente diante da orientalização do islã e a crescente islamofobia. Bin Muhammad e Volf sugerem que amar a Deus e ao próximo é compartilhado pelo islã e cristianismo e é à base de convivência e construção do bem comum – entre eles enquanto religiões, e entre outros – em sociedades plurais.
Laudato si’, uma proposta de superação da violência
Authors: Rodrigues Paroli Márcia Helena
Published: August 2020

A partir de um breve entendimento da microfísica da violência, considerando o artigo de José Vicente Tavares dos Santos, procurar-se-á debruçar-se na encíclica de papa Francisco Laudato si’, como uma nítida proposta de superação da violência que emerge no cuidado da casa comum e na construção de uma ecologia integral. Procurar-se-á situar o documento que possui um endereço diferenciado dos demais documentos do magistério da Igreja católica apostólica romana. Na sequência, deter-se-á nas constatações de José Vicente Tavares dos Santos, que afirma que a violência se encontra difusa em todos os continentes e que a globalização trouxe também a mundialização de novos problemas, particularmente, o da desigualdade social. Dessa feita, questiona-se se há ainda lugar para a solidariedade, diante de uma sociedade individualista, solitária e narcisista, que perdeu os valores coletivos. A encíclica Laudato si’ traz algumas propostas de enfrentamento dessa realidade; particularmente no capítulo quatro, aponta que é preciso uma nova postura diante da ecologia ambiental, econômica e social; da ecologia cultural; da ecologia da vida quotidiana; do princípio do bem comum e da justiça intergeracional. O papa solicita, em toda a encíclica, a mudança do comportamento violento em todos os níveis, resgatando a harmonia da criação e o equilíbrio ecológico.
Sobre a excomunhão de Lutero e sua possível revogação
Authors: Von Sinner Rudolf
Published: August 2020

No contexto da comemoração dos 500 anos da Reforma protestante, surge a questão se não seria um gesto generoso, ecumênico e adequado ao avanço do conhecimento histórico e teológico reabilitar, eclesiasticamente, o reformador Martim Lutero ao revogar a excomunhão proferida, em 1521, pelo papa Leão X. A convivência e cooperação ecumênicas cresceram. Foi firmada, em 1999, a Declaração conjunta sobre a doutrina da justificação, fazendo constar existir um “consenso em verdades básicas”. Apesar disto, ainda paira o rótulo de herética sobre a Igreja luterana a partir da excomunhão de seu teólogo de referência. A pesquisa recente, especialmente católica, sobre Lutero e seu tempo mostrou que aspectos fundamentais de sua teologia estavam de acordo não apenas com o Evangelho, mas também com boa teologia católica. O debate acadêmico e eclesiástico previsto por Lutero em seu tempo nunca ocorreu. Em vez disto, além de implicações políticas, econômicas e sociais, houve um, naquele tempo, irremediável choque de posições resultando em mútua excomunhão – uma jurídica, outra simbólica. De um lado, a autoridade do magistério que não admitia ser desafiado por argumentos racionais baseados na Escritura, por outro, o intérprete crente da Escritura que não admitia outra autoridade do que justamente a baseada em tais argumentos. O artigo argumenta que há boas razões para sair deste entrave e promover o necessário debate que não ocorreu.
The international political economy of nature and society: from climate emergency to climate justice in our common home
Authors: Ty Rey
Published: August 2020

Longitudinal scientific evidence proves beyond any reasonable doubt that the problem of climate change is reaching a point of no return, upon which Earthly and human survival depends. The major contributors of climate change include industry, transportation, agriculture, and consumers, over which corporate globalization controls, which consume fossil fuels, such as oil, coal, and gas that produce greenhouse gases. Climate change impacts access to clean water, human health, forests, coastal areas, biodiversity, and agriculture. Our tasks ahead include: 1) exposing and opposing flawed economic, political, social, cultural, and security models that destroy nature, cause mal-development, and widening the gap between the rich and the poor and 2) proposing new cooperative models that put sustainability and equality—nature and people—first, especially the poor and the oppressed, before profits.
Vida religiosa feminina na Amazônia: contribuições para uma ecologia integral
Authors: Queiroz Ivoneide Viana
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo mostrar como a vida religiosa feminina na Amazônia contribui com uma ecologia integral a partir da sua missão em defesa da floresta com toda a sua biodiversidade, bem como em defesa dos povos originários com suas culturas e espiritualidades. Iniciaremos este artigo com uma reflexão sobre a ecologia integral, tendo como referencial teórico a encíclica Laudato si’ na qual o papa Francisco busca “refletir sobre os diferentes elementos de uma ecologia integral, que inclua claramente as dimensões humanas e sociais”, superando os limites de uma ecologia ambiental. Em seguida apresentaremos uma síntese sobre a atuação missionária da vida religiosa feminina na Amazônia, presente desde 1877. Após o Concílio Vaticano II muitas congregações “armaram suas tendas na Amazônia” onde procuram colocar em prática a “encarnação na realidade” e a “evangelização libertadora” como orienta o Documento de Santarém. Por fim, apresentaremos algumas experiências concretas da missão de religiosas naquele chão sagrado, onde são capazes de dar a própria vida em defesa dos mais frágeis e indefesos. Desta forma, a vida religiosa feminina contribui para uma ecologia integral onde as questões ambientais e justiça social estão intimamente interligadas.
De alteridades negadas ao diálogo: a experiência do encontro do cristianismo com as religiões indígenas ontem e hoje
Authors: Ribeiro Antônio Lopes
Published: August 2020

O cristianismo é uma religião que nasceu como prática da alteridade e do altruísmo. Porém, ao tornar-se religião oficial do Império Romano, passou a afirmar-se como única e verdadeira religião, excluindo todas as outras religiões, inaugurando a cristandade. Foi sob esse ideal que se deu o encontro do cristianismo com os povos indígenas latino-americanos. Considerados pelos colonizadores, como selvagens, destituídos de razão, uma tábua rasa, os povos indígenas tiveram sua tradição negada e foram subjugados. Forçados ao batismo cristão, tornaram-se dóceis à exploração do sistema colonizador, que lhe impôs a religião europeia e negaram-lhes o direito à própria cultura. Hoje, com uma nova consciência de abertura, de respeito à religião do outro, fala-se de inculturação do Evangelho, de valorização dos elementos da cultura indígena. É sobre isto que trata este trabalho, de cunho bibliográfico, no sentido de evidenciar essa trajetória histórica que vai da negação ao diálogo, de uma missão como conversão à inculturação do evangelho, a se dar pela via do diálogo inter-religioso, com o objetivo não só do enriquecimento mútuo, mas de ajudar os povos indígenas na sua luta por reconhecimento, pelo direito às suas terras, pela preservação de sua história, de suas culturas, de suas religiões.
Intervenções em contextos indígenas: vicissitudes e perspectivas
Authors: Nwora Emmanuel Ifeka , Freitas Marta Helena
Published: August 2020

Considerando-se o convite ético e reparador conduzido pelo Sínodo da Amazônia, neste artigo discorremos e discutimos criticamente as intervenções em contextos indígenas sob duas perspectivas: uma primeira, relacionada a ações propostas pelo contexto da saúde; e uma segunda, às mediações do contexto pastoral.  Após identificar algumas especificidades da cosmologia indígena, discorremos sobre as características e vicissitudes de ambas as formas e contextos de atuação, avaliando criticamente suas respectivas decorrências, com vistas à proposição de um encontro dialógico, ético e respeitoso de profissionais de saúde e religiosos com os povos indígenas de nosso país.
Perspectivas decoloniais do sínodo para a Amazônia
Authors: Raschietti Stefano
Published: August 2020

Este ensaio pretende explorar a possibilidade de descolonizar a missão cristã, explicitando os eixos constitutivos do pensamento decolonial formulado pelo programa de investigação interdisciplinar modernidade/colonialidade, evidenciando alguns elementos-chave para um discurso crítico, e comparando esses enfoques com a produção documental da preparação e da realização do Sínodo dos Bispos para a região Pan-Amazônica. As balizas fincadas pelas conferências gerais do episcopado latino-americano e caribenho de Medellín (1968) até Aparecida (2007), já representam um certo caminho situado de descolonização da missão evangelizadora, com suas vertentes de libertação integral, opção pelos pobres, comunidades eclesiais de base, inculturação, discipulado missionário. Continuando com essa tradição, o sínodo para a Amazônia pleiteou um grande passo à frente, respondendo positivamente, profundamente e criativamente à possibilidade e à urgência de descolonizar a missão cristã, elaborando uma reflexão em perspectiva decolonial, exigindo uma decidida conversão pastoral, cultural, ecológica, sinodal, e traçando linhas de ação de diálogo político, intercultural, inter-religioso e interespiritual.
β-catenin and γ-catenin are dispensable for T lymphocytes and AML leukemic stem cells
Authors: Zhao Xin , Shao Peng , Gai Kexin , Li Fengyin , Shan Qiang , Xue Hai-Hui
Published: August 2020

The β-catenin transcriptional coregulator is involved in various biological and pathological processes; however, its requirements in hematopoietic cells remain controversial. We re-targeted theCtnnb1gene locus to generate a true β-catenin-null mutant mouse strain. Ablation of β-catenin alone, or in combination with its homologue γ-catenin, did not affect thymocyte maturation, survival or proliferation. Deficiency in β/γ-catenin did not detectably affect differentiation of CD4+T follicular helper cells or that of effector and memory CD8+cytotoxic cells in response to acute viral infection. In an MLL-AF9 AML mouse model, genetic deletion of β-catenin, or even all four Tcf/Lef family transcription factors that interact with β-catenin, did not affect AML onset in primary recipients, or the ability of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) in propagating AML in secondary recipients. Our data thus clarify on a long-standing controversy and indicate that β-catenin is dispensable for T cells and AML LSCs.
An ER translocon for multi-pass membrane protein biogenesis
Authors: McGilvray Philip T , Anghel S Andrei , Sundaram Arunkumar , Zhong Frank , Trnka Michael J , Fuller James R , Hu Hong , Burlingame Alma L , Keenan Robert J
Published: August 2020

Membrane proteins with multiple transmembrane domains play critical roles in cell physiology, but little is known about the machinery coordinating their biogenesis at the endoplasmic reticulum. Here we describe a ~ 360 kDa ribosome-associated complex comprising the core Sec61 channel and five accessory factors: TMCO1, CCDC47 and the Nicalin-TMEM147-NOMO complex. Cryo-electron microscopy reveals a large assembly at the ribosome exit tunnel organized around a central membrane cavity. Similar to protein-conducting channels that facilitate movement of transmembrane segments, cytosolic and luminal funnels in TMCO1 and TMEM147, respectively, suggest routes into the central membrane cavity. High-throughput mRNA sequencing shows selective translocon engagement with hundreds of different multi-pass membrane proteins. Consistent with a role in multi-pass membrane protein biogenesis, cells lacking different accessory components show reduced levels of one such client, the glutamate transporter EAAT1. These results identify a new human translocon and provide a molecular framework for understanding its role in multi-pass membrane protein biogenesis.
Application of carbon dioxide to the skin and muscle oxygenation of human lower-limb muscle sites during cold water immersion
Authors: Yoshimura Miho , Hojo Tatsuya , Yamamoto Hayato , Tachibana Misato , Nakamura Masatoshi , Tsutsumi Hiroaki , Fukuoka Yoshiyuki
Published: August 2020

Background

Cold therapy has the disadvantage of inducing vasoconstriction in arterial and venous capillaries. The effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) hot water depend mainly on not only cutaneous vasodilation but also muscle vasodilation. We examined the effects of artificial CO2 cold water immersion (CCWI) on skin oxygenation and muscle oxygenation and the immersed skin temperature.

Subjects and Methods

Fifteen healthy young males participated. CO2-rich water containing CO2 >1,150 ppm was prepared using a micro-bubble device. Each subject’s single leg was immersed up to the knee in the CO2-rich water (20 °C) for 15 min, followed by a 20-min recovery period. As a control study, a leg of the subject was immersed in cold tap-water at 20 °C (CWI). The skin temperature at the lower leg under water immersion (Tsk-WI) and the subject’s thermal sensation at the immersed and non-immersed lower legs were measured throughout the experiment. We simultaneously measured the relative changes of local muscle oxygenation/deoxygenation compared to the basal values (Δoxy[Hb+Mb], Δdeoxy[Hb+Mb], and Δtotal[Hb+Mb]) at rest, which reflected the blood flow in the muscle, and we measured the tissue O2 saturation (StO2) by near-infrared spectroscopy on two regions of the tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (GAS) muscles.

Results

Compared to the CWI results, the Δoxy[Hb+Mb] and Δtotal[Hb+Mb] in the TA muscle at CCWI were increased and continued at a steady state during the recovery period. In GAS muscle, the Δtotal[Hb+Mb] and Δdeoxy[Hb+Mb] were increased during CCWI compared to CWI. Notably, StO2values in both TA and GAS muscles were significantly increased during CCWI compared to CWI. In addition, compared to the CWI, a significant decrease in Tsk at the immersed leg after the CCWI was maintained until the end of the 20-min recovery, and the significant reduction continued.

Discussion

The combination of CO2 and cold water can induce both more increased blood inflow into muscles and volume-related (total heme concentration) changes in deoxy[Hb+Mb] during the recovery period. The Tsk-WI stayed lower with the CCWI compared to the CWI, as it is associated with vasodilation by CO2.
Characterization of primary cilia features reveal cell-type specific variability in in vitro models of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation
Authors: Upadhyai Priyanka , Guleria Vishal Singh , Udupa Prajna
Published: August 2020

Primary cilia are non-motile sensory antennae present on most vertebrate cell surfaces. They serve to transduce and integrate diverse external stimuli into functional cellular responses vital for development, differentiation and homeostasis. Ciliary characteristics, such as length, structure and frequency are often tailored to distinct differentiated cell states. Primary cilia are present on a variety of skeletal cell-types and facilitate the assimilation of sensory cues to direct skeletal development and repair. However, there is limited knowledge of ciliary variation in response to the activation of distinct differentiation cascades in different skeletal cell-types. C3H10T1/2, MC3T3-E1 and ATDC5 cells are mesenchymal stem cells, preosteoblast and prechondrocyte cell-lines, respectively. They are commonly employed in numerous in vitro studies, investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying osteoblast and chondrocyte differentiation, skeletal disease and repair. Here we sought to evaluate the primary cilia length and frequencies during osteogenic differentiation in C3H10T1/2 and MC3T3-E1 and chondrogenic differentiation in ATDC5 cells, over a period of 21 days. Our data inform on the presence of stable cilia to orchestrate signaling and dynamic alterations in their features during extended periods of differentiation. Taken together with existing literature these findings reflect the occurrence of not only lineage but cell-type specific variation in ciliary attributes during differentiation. These results extend our current knowledge, shining light on the variabilities in primary cilia features correlated with distinct differentiated cell phenotypes. It may have broader implications in studies using these cell-lines to explore cilia dependent cellular processes and treatment modalities for skeletal disorders centered on cilia modulation.
The Role of Sensor Based Insole as a Rehabilitation Tool in Improving Walking among the Patients with Lower Limb Arthroplasty: A Protocol for Systematic Review
Authors: Raghav Sumit , Singh Anshika , Mani Suresh , Kandasamy Gokulakannan , Anand Amber
Published: August 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this review protocol is to assess the role of sensor based insole in improving walking in patients with lower limb arthroplasty and to rule out the demand and advantage of sensor based insole in utilizing such types of problems at clinical setup.

Methodology: A systematic review will be conducted by two independent reviewers who will search articles using electronic search for publications in seven databases: Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, JSTOR, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science. After applying the selection criteria, study papers published between the years 2001 to 2019 will be selected. Studies of human participants of 45-75 years of age having history of lower limb arthroplasty will be eligible. All the study papers will be analyzed using Modified Downs and Black scale and scores will be awarded for the items selected on a 27 point scale.

Findings: The findings of this review will be disseminated through presentations and peer-reviewed publication. The systematic review will direct the attention of the physiotherapists to assess and evaluate the patient’s walking pattern, as alterations in the biomechanics of joints of lower limb can produce far-reaching effects in the ideal or normal gait. The results of this review will provide evidence regarding changes in gait parameters in patients with lower limb arthroplasty and this information will be useful in planning for rehabilitation in improving walking of patients after lower limb arthroplasty.

Novelty: Many studies have been carried on sensor insole technology for monitoring gait. However, there is scarcity of literature based on the systematic reviews on the use of smart sensor insole in improving walking among patients with lower limb arthroplasty.
Evaluation of the Correlation between Biofilm Formation and Drug Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Celik Berrin
Published: August 2020

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine correlation between biofilm formation and drug resistance in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii.

Study Design: Bacteriological study.

Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Microbiology of BilecikSeyhEdebali University, in Turkey, between April 2019 and November 2019.

Methodology: Antibiotic susceptibility of the strains were determined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method in accordance with the principles of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Biofilm presence in A. baumanniiwas identified by the quantitative method. the isolates were incubated in nutrient agar and was prepared from fresh cultures in tubes containing glucose-Luria-Bertani (LB) medium. The A. baumannii(ATCC 19606) type strain was used for comparisons.

Results: In this study was determined the relationship between the biofilm production capacity of the A. baumanniibacteria and its antimicrobial resistance. According to the results obtained from our study, the highest resistance rate (%) was found ceftazidime and piperacillin (95 %) while the highest sensitivity was found colistin (96.6 %) and tigecycline (86.6 %) of the total 60 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. In addition, the presence of biofilm in the bacteria was defined by quantitative method using microplate. In this study, biofilm was positive in 54 (90 %) isolates and it has been found 51 (85%) of the biofilm positive isolates to be resistant to piperacillin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime and meropenem.

Conclusion: As a result, there is a positive relationship between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in thesebacteria.
The Role of Nano-SiC on Microstructure and Tribo-logical Properties of SiC/Cu Nano-Composite
Authors: Metwally M. A. , Sadawy M. M. , Ghanem M. , Batanony I. G. El-
Published: August 2020

The present study has investigated the role of nano-SiC on microstructure and tribological properties of SiC/Cu nano-composite. The nano-composite powders have been cold compacted under a constant pressure of 480 MPa and sintered at 8600 C under argon gas for 2 h. SEM-EDS and XRD diffraction were performed for microstructure examinations. Pin-on-disk experiments were carried out under wet conditions (3.5 wt. % NaCl solution). All samples have been investigated against abrasives of different sizes (from 7, 13, 20 and 26 µm), at different applied loads (10, 15, 20 and 25 N), and sliding speed (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 m/s).  The results revealed   that the grain structure of the copper matrix was reduced with increasing SiC nano-particles. Furthermore, it was found that the wet wear resistance was improved as a function of nano-SiC content.
Hospitalizations due to psychoactive substances usage: a psychiatric hospital study
Authors: Fernandes Márcia Astrês , Feitosa Carla Danielle Araújo , Mendes Polyana Norberta , Oliveira Ana Lívia Castelo Branco de , Silva Joyce Soares e
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: analisar a ocorrência de internação por transtornos psiquiátricos decorrentes do uso de substâncias psicoativas em um hospital psiquiátrico de referência. Metodologia: estudo censitário, retrospectivo, analítico e de abordagem quantitativa, realizado a partir de 123 registros de internações. Resultados: obteve-se que a média de idade dos pacientes internados em 2015 foi de 40,7, a maioria era do sexo masculino (66,7%), provenientes da zona urbana (78%) e com histórico de reinternações (52,8%). As múltiplas drogas e outras substâncias psicoativas (39,8%) constituíram-se como as principais substâncias de abuso pelos pacientes. Além disso, verificou-se que, entre os pacientes internados, houve presença de comorbidades psiquiátricas. Conclusão: diante disso, evidencia-se a necessidade de estratégias voltadas para a prevenção e o tratamento adequado aos distúrbios ocasionados pelo uso de álcool e outras drogas.
A cautionary tale of pyridoxine toxicity in cystathionine beta‐synthase deficiency detected by two‐tier newborn screening highlights the need for clear pyridoxine dosing guidelines
Authors: Ames Elizabeth G. , Scott Anthony J. , Pappas Kara B. , Moloney Shawn M. , Conway Robert L. , Ahmad Ayesha
Published: August 2020

Classic homocystinuria is due to deficiency of cystathionine beta‐synthase (CBS), a pyridoxine‐dependent enzyme that, depending on the molecular variants, may be co‐factor responsive. Elevated methionine is often used as the primary analyte to detect CBS deficiency (CBSD) on newborn screening (NBS), but is limited by increased detection of other biochemical disorders with less clear clinical significance such as methionine aminotransferase (MAT) I/III heterozygotes. Our state has implemented a two‐tier NBS algorithm for CBSD that successfully reduced the number of MATI/III heterozygotes, yet effectively detected a mild, co‐factor responsive form of CBSD. After initial diagnosis, newborns with CBSD often undergo a pyridoxine challenge with high‐dose pyridoxine to determine responsiveness. Here we describe our NBS‐identified patient with a mild form of pyridoxine responsive CBSD who developed respiratory failure and rhabdomyolysis consistent with pyridoxine toxicity during a pyridoxine challenge. This case highlights the need for weight‐based dosing and duration recommendations for pyridoxine challenge in neonates.
Detection of MEAF6‐PHF1 translocation in an endometrial stromal nodule
Authors: Nomura Yusuke , Tamura Daisuke , Horie Masafumi , Sato Masakazu , Sasaki Shinya , Yamamoto Yohei , Kudo‐Asabe Yukitsugu , Umakoshi Michinobu , Koyama Kei , Makino Kenichi , Takashima Shinogu , Imai Kazuhiro , Minamiya Yoshihiro , Munakata Satoru , Yachida Shinichi , Terada Yukihiro , Goto Akiteru , Maeda Daichi
Published: August 2020

Endometrial stromal nodule (ESN) and low‐grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG‐ESS) are rare uterine tumors known as endometrial stromal tumors (ESTs). In addition to their similarity in morphological features, recent studies have shown that these two tumors share common genetic alterations. In particular, JAZF1‐SUZ12 fusion is found with high frequency in both ESN and LG‐ESS. In LG‐ESS, some minor fusions have also been described, which include rearrangements involving PHF1 and its partner genes, such as JAZF1, EPC1, MEAF6, BRD8, EPC2, and MBTD1. Because of the rarity of ESN, genetic alterations other than JAZF1 fusion have not been investigated in detail. In this study, we performed a next‐generation sequencing‐based analysis in a case of ESN with peripheral metaplastic bone formation and detected MEAF6‐PHF1 fusion, which has been reported in a small subset of uterine LG‐ESSs and soft tissue ossifying fibromyxoid tumors. The finding that MEAF6‐PHF1 fusion is a background genetic abnormality detected both in ESN and LG‐ESS, along with JAZF1‐SUZ12, provides further support for the similarity and continuum between these two types of ESTs. Furthermore, the association between metaplastic bone formation and MEAF6‐PHF1 fusion may not be limited to soft tissue tumors.
A firm level analysis of asymmetric response of U.S. stock returns to exchange rate movements
Authors: Salisu Afees A. , Isah Kazeem , Ogbonnaya‐Orji Nnenna
Published: August 2020

The extant studies on stock returns–exchange rate nexus have been suspected of aggregation bias, we therefore resolve to revisit the nexus using firm‐level data while also accounting for asymmetry. We utilize stock price data covering 326 firms listed in S&P500 index and organized into 11 sectors. We examine the probable asymmetric response of these firms to exchange rate movements using the nonlinear panel ARDL method which simultaneously accounts for any inherent asymmetry and heterogeneity effects and suitable for large N and Large T panels. We establish that asymmetry exists in the stock returns–exchange rate nexus predominantly in the short run. We further show that exchange rate appreciation (depreciation) produces primarily positive (negative) effects on stock returns. We also find that the positive impacts overwhelm the negative impacts in magnitude and statistical significance. Thus, returns on investment in U.S. stocks differ significantly between currency appreciation and depreciation and by implication investors seeking to maximize returns need to exercise some level caution when confronted with sharp swings in exchange rate particularly during turbulent periods. While the results are robust to data frequency and to an extent, the choice of foreign currency, they are sensitive to different market conditions.
Formal synthesis of schulzeines B and C: A new route to Gurjar's lactams
Authors: Chou Chu‐En , Chen Yi‐An , Lin Yi‐Ching , Kao Shih‐Chieh , Chang Chieh‐Yu , Wu Yen‐Ku
Published: August 2020

Described is a formal synthesis of racemic schulzeines B and C that intercepts intermediates developed by Gurjar and co‐workers. The synthetic sequence features an annulative coupling of a ketimine and acrylic acid enabling the construction of the benzoquinolizidine nucleus in a highly convergent manner. We also examined a continuous‐flow version of the thermal aza‐annulation, which proved less practical as compared to the batch processes.
A well‐tolerated core needle muscle biopsy process suitable for children and adults
Authors: Barthelemy Florian , Woods Jeremy D. , Nieves‐Rodriguez Shirley , Douine Emilie D. , Wang Richard , Wanagat Jonathan , Miceli M. Carrie , Nelson Stanley F.
Published: August 2020

Serial muscle biopsies within clinical trials for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are critical to document therapeutic responses. Less invasive means of sampling muscle are needed. We analyzed a retrospective consecutive case‐series cohort of vacuum‐assisted core needle muscle biopsy procedures performed on healthy and dystrophic individuals at a single institution assessing for safety and reliability of obtaining sufficient high‐quality biopsy tissue for histologic assessment in adult and pediatric subjects. Of 471 muscle cores from 128 biopsy procedures, 377‐550 mg of total muscle tissue was obtained per procedure with mean core weight of 129 mg (SD, 25.1 mg). All biopsies were adequate for histological assessment. There were no significant adverse events. This core needle biopsy approach, when combined with improved sample processing, provides a safe means to consistently obtain muscle samples for diagnostic and clinical trial applications.
Optimal boundary control problem for ill‐posed elliptic equation in domains with rugous boundary. Existence result and optimality conditions
Authors: D'Apice Ciro , De Maio Umberto , Kogut Peter I.
Published: August 2020

The main purpose is the study of optimal control problem in a domain with rough boundary for the mixed Dirichlet‐Neumann boundary value problem for the strongly nonlinear elliptic equation with exponential nonlinearity. A density of surface traction u acting on a part of rough boundary is taken as a control. The optimal control problem is to minimize the discrepancy between a given distribution and the current system state. We deal with such case of nonlinearity when we cannot expect to have a solution of the state equation for a given control. After having defined a suitable functional class in which we look for solutions, we prove the consistency of the original optimal control problem and show that it admits a unique optimal solution. Then we derive a first‐order optimality system assuming the optimal solution is slightly more regular.
Effects of ignition position on explosion of premixed propane‐air in a T‐type pipe
Authors: Zhou Ning , Yu Qiaoyan , Chen Bing , Li Xue , Zong Yongdi
Published: August 2020

Ignition position has an important influence on gas explosion, but few researches have been done on the ignition position in T‐type pipe. In this paper, an experimental and numerical study of horizontal and vertical ignition positions in a T‐type pipe has been presented. Results show that the ignition position has a great influence on the flame propagation velocity, flame structure and explosion pressure. In the case of vertical ignition, the maximum pressure appears near the T‐type bifurcation, and there is an obvious stress concentration on the upper side wall of the bifurcation. In the case of horizontal ignition, the maximum pressure appears at the right end of the pipe, and a weak stress concentration occurring at the splitting point. When flame passing through the bifurcation, it takes 12 ms longer than ignition on horizontal, but the time for flame propagates from ignition to the end is less. The “tulip flame” forms three times after flame propagates the bifurcation when ignition on horizontal, but there is no “tulip flame” while ignition on vertical. In the case of vertical ignition, the scale of the vortex at the bifurcation is larger than that in the horizontal. The turbulent kinetic energy is mainly in the horizontal section when ignition on vertical, while it is mainly in the vertical pipe if ignition on horizontal.
Effects of N‐Acetylcysteine on the reproductive performance, oxidative stress and RNA sequencing of Nubian goats
Authors: Luo Jinhong , Ao Zheng , Duan Zhiqiang , Ao Ye , Wei Shinan , Chen Wei , Chen Xiang
Published: August 2020

N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) has been found to enhance the protective ability of cells to counter balance oxidative stress and inflammation. To investigate the effects of dietary NAC supplementation on the reproductive performance of goats, the reproductive performance and endometrial transcriptome of goats fed with diets with NAC (NAC group) and without NAC supplementation (control group) were compared. Results showed that the goats fed with 0.03% and 0.05% NAC had similar litter size, birth weight, nitric oxide (NO), sex hormones and amino acids levels compared with the goats of the control group. However, feeding with 0.07% NAC supplementation from day 0 to day 30 of gestation remarkably increased the litter size of goats. The goats of the 0.07% NAC group presented increased levels of NO relative to the control group, but their sex hormones and amino acids showed no differences. Comparative transcriptome analysis identified 207 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the endometrium between the control and the 0.07% NAC groups. These DEGs included 146 upregulated genes and 61 downregulated genes in the 0.07% NAC group. They were primarily involved in the cellular response to toxic substances, oxidoreductase activity, immune receptor activity, signalling receptor binding, cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions, PI3K‐Akt signalling pathway and PPAR signalling pathway. In conclusion, results showed that dietary 0.07% NAC supplementation exerted a beneficial effect on the survival of goat embryos at the early pregnancy stage. Such positive outcome might be due to the increased NO production and affected expression of genes involved in the anti‐inflammation pathways of the endometrium.
D-instanton perturbation theory
Authors: Sen Ashoke
Published: August 2020

Abstract

D-instanton world-volume theory has open string zero modes describing collective coordinates of the instanton. The usual perturbative amplitudes in the D-instanton background suffer from infra-red divergences due to the presence of these zero modes, and the usual approach of analytic continuation in momenta does not work since all open string states on a D-instanton carry strictly zero momentum. String field theory is well-suited for tackling these issues. However we find a new subtlety due to the existence of additional zero modes in the ghost sector. This causes a breakdown of the Siegel gauge, but a different gauge fixing consistent with the BV formalism renders the perturbation theory finite and unambiguous. At each order, this produces extra contribution to the amplitude besides what is obtained from integration over the moduli space of Riemann surfaces.
Polymorphisms within the RANK and RANKL Encoding Genes in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Association with Disease Progression and Effectiveness of the Biological Treatment
Authors: Wielińska Joanna , Kolossa Katarzyna , Świerkot Jerzy , Dratwa Marta , Iwaszko Milena , Bugaj Bartosz , Wysoczańska Barbara , Chaszczewska-Markowska Monika , Jeka Sławomir , Bogunia-Kubik Katarzyna
Published: August 2020

Inconsistency of the results regarding the genetic variability within genes coding for receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) and its ligand (RANKL) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) prompted us to study the RANK and RANKL polymorphisms as potential biomarkers associated with disease predisposition and response to anti-TNF treatment in a group of Polish patients with RA. This study enrolled 318 RA patients and 163 controls. RANK (rs8086340, C > G; rs1805034, C > T) and RANKL (rs7325635, G > A; rs7988338 G > A) alleles were determined by real-time PCR with melting curve analysis and related with clinical parameters. In addition, RANKL serum levels were measured by ELISA. The RANK rs8086340-G allele was overrepresented among patients as compared to controls (OD = 1.777, p = 0.038). C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with RANK rs8086340 polymorphism and were higher in the CC-homozygotes at the baseline while lower in the GG-carriers at the 12th week of the treatment. At the latter time point RANKL rs7325635-GG-positive patients also showed significantly lower CRP concentrations. Higher alkaline phosphatase levels before induction of anti-TNF therapy were observed in RANK rs8086340 and RANK rs1805034 CC homozygotes (p = 0.057 and p = 0.035, respectively). The GG homozygosity of both RANKL single nucleotide polymorphisms was significantly associated with the number of swollen joints (rs7988338 and rs7325635, before and at the 12th week of therapy, respectively, p < 0.05 in both cases). These results imply that polymorphisms within the RANK and RANKL genes affect RA susceptibility and anti-TNF treatment outcome.
Beeinträchtigung der Blutversorgung durch Cerclagen: Mythos oder Realität?
Authors: Förch Stefan , Sandriesser Sabrina , Fenwick Annabel , Mayr Edgar
Published: August 2020

Einleitung

Die Verwendung von Cerclagen zur Osteosynthese ist ein kontrovers diskutiertes Thema. Als Gegenargument gelten negative Effekte auf die periostale Blutzirkulation. In der vorliegenden Arbeit soll die vorhandene Evidenz geprüft werden, ob Cerclagen tatsächlich zu einer relevanten Reduktion der periostalen Durchblutung führen.

Methodik

In einer systematischen Literaturrecherche wurde nach experimentellen Studien gesucht, die sich mit dem Einfluss von Cerclagen auf die periostale Blutversorgung befassen.

Ergebnis

Es existiert keine experimentelle Studie, die die Auswirkung von Cerclagen auf die Durchblutung von frakturierten Knochen untersucht. Es konnten 7 experimentelle Arbeiten identifiziert werden. Hierunter befanden sich 2 Arbeiten an menschlichen Kadaver-Femora, die keine relevante Reduktion der Blutversorgung zeigten. Die übrigen 5 Untersuchungen wurden im Tiermodell an lebenden Versuchstieren durchgeführt. Hier wies eine Studie an Kaninchen-Femora szintigraphisch eine postoperativ um 45–56 % reduzierte Perfusion nach. Eine Studie an Pferde-Radii sowie drei Studien an Hunde Femura ergaben hingegen mikroangiographisch keine relevante Einschränkung der Blutversorgung. Eine Studie wurde hierbei am osteotomierten, die anderen an unverletzten Knochen durchgeführt.

Diskussion

Im Tiermodell konnte lediglich in einer Studie direkt postoperativ eine relevante Reduktion der Blutversorgung durch Cerclagen belegt werden. In 4 anderen Untersuchungen am Tiermodell über längere postoperative Zeiträume zeigte sich die Durchblutung der Knochen hingegen nicht beeinträchtigt. Auch in 2 Versuchsreihen an menschlichen Kadaver-Femora ließen sich keine relevanten negativen Effekte nachweisen.

Zumindest in mittel- bis langfristigem Verlauf lässt sich somit die Befürchtung einer relevanten Beeinträchtigung der Blutversorgung durch Cerclagen für unverletzte oder osteotomierte Knochen nicht durch experimentelle Studien belegen. Zu frakturierten Knochen existieren keine experimentellen Studien.
Mental health and academic performance: a study on selection and causation effects from childhood to early adulthood
Authors: Agnafors Sara , Barmark Mimmi , Sydsjö Gunilla
Published: August 2020

Purpose

An inverse relationship between mental health problems and academic achievement is a well-known phenomenon in the scientific literature. However, how and when this association develops is not fully understood and there is a lack of longitudinal, population-based studies on young children. Early intervention is important if associations are to be found already during childhood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the development of the association between mental health and academic performance during different developmental periods of childhood and adolescence.

Methods

Data from a longitudinal birth cohort study of 1700 children were used. Child mental health was assessed through mother’s reports at age 3, and self-reports at age 12 and 20. Academic performance was assessed through teacher reports on educational results at age 12 and final grades from compulsory school (age 15–16) and upper secondary school (age 18–19). The association between mental health and academic performance was assessed through regression models.

Results

The results indicate that social selection mechanisms are present in all three periods studied. Behavioral and emotional problems at age 3 were associated with performing below grade at age 12. Similarly, mental health problems at age 12 were associated with lack of complete final grades from compulsory school and non-eligibility to higher education. Academic performance at ages 15 and 19 did not increase the risk for mental health problems at age 20.

Conclusion

Mental health problems in early childhood and adolescence increase the risk for poor academic performance, indicating the need for awareness and treatment to provide fair opportunities to education.
Outcomes in adulthood after neurosurgical treatment of brain tumors in the first 3 years of life: long-term follow-up of a single consecutive institutional series of 97 patients
Authors: Lundar Tryggve , Due-Tønnessen Bernt Johan , Frič Radek , Brandal Petter , Stensvold Einar , Due-Tønnessen Paulina
Published: August 2020

Background

Long-term outcome for children who underwent surgery for brain tumors in the first 3 years of life is not well-known.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study on surgical morbidity, mortality rate, academic achievement, and work participation in children below 3 years of age who underwent primary tumor resection for a brain tumor in the period from 1973 to 1998. Gross motor function and activities of daily life were scored according to the Barthel Index. Long-term survivors were defined as with a survival from primary diagnosis of 20 years or more.

Findings

Ninety-seven consecutive children were included. No patient was lost to follow-up. Gross total resection was achieved in 67 children during the primary procedure, 25 had subtotal resections, and 5 had only partial resection. The 20-year survival figures for the 46 children with high-grade tumors was 33%, and the corresponding figures for 51 patients treated for low-grade tumors was 82%. Five of the 57 20-year-survivors died 21, 29, 30, 30, and 41 years, respectively, following primary surgery. Fifty of the 52 long-term survivors had a Barthel Index (BI) of 100, while the remaining two had a BI of 40. Twelve patients were long-term survivors after treatment for HG tumors (26%), while 40 of the 51 patients treated for LG tumors (78%) were alive. Thirty-two of the 52 long-term survivors were in full-time work and 29 of them after treatment for LG tumors. Another 10 were in part-time work, while the last 10 individuals had no working capacity.

Conclusion

Survival is better for patients with low-grade tumors compared with those with high-grade tumors. The functional level of long-term survivors is affected by adjuvant therapy and radiotherapy in particular. Neurosurgical intervention in itself is safe and plausible for pediatric brain tumor patients below 3 years of age. However, there should be a focus on potential late affects, and survivors should be followed by knowledgeable clinical staff for the neoplastic disease as well as for potential side effects. In this consecutive series, a 33% 20-year survival for children treated for HG tumors and 82% for patients with LG tumors was observed. The patients with LG tumors who had been treated with surgical resection without any adjuvant therapy showed a good clinical outcome as adults, and two-thirds of them were in full-time work.
Abnormal dynamic resting-state brain network organization in auditory verbal hallucination
Authors: Geng Haiyang , Xu Pengfei , Sommer Iris E. , Luo Yue-Jia , Aleman André , Ćurčić-Blake Branislava
Published: August 2020

Auditory-verbal hallucinations (AVH) are a key symptom of schizophrenia. Recent neuroimaging studies examining dynamic functional connectivity suggest that disrupted dynamic interactions between brain networks characterize complex symptoms in mental illness including schizophrenia. Studying dynamic connectivity may be especially relevant for hallucinations, given their fluctuating phenomenology. Indeed, it remains unknown whether AVH in schizophrenia are directly related to altered dynamic connectivity within and between key brain networks involved in auditory perception and language, emotion processing, and top-down control. In this study, we used dynamic connectivity approaches including sliding window and k-means to examine dynamic interactions among brain networks in schizophrenia patients with and without a recent history of AVH. Dynamic brain network analysis revealed that patients with AVH spent less time in a ‘network-antagonistic’ brain state where the default mode network (DMN) and the language network were anti-correlated, and had lower probability to switch into this brain state. Moreover, patients with AVH showed a lower connectivity within the language network and the auditory network, and lower connectivity was observed between the executive control and the language networks in certain dynamic states. Our study provides the first neuroimaging evidence of altered dynamic brain networks for understanding neural mechanisms of AVH in schizophrenia. The findings may inform and further strengthen cognitive models of AVH that aid the development of new coping strategies for patients.