bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Équation de la chaleur et réflections multiples
Authors: Perret C. , Witomski P.
Published: February 2017

The model we are presenting here is a simplified version which arises from the numerical simulation of the crystal growth ([3], [6]). We are interested in the resolution of the heat equation in a domain

Ω

with thermal exchanges by radiation on a part

Γ_1

of the boundary of

Ω

. These exchanges exist inside a closed cavity

Γ = Γ_1 ∪ Γ_2

. If we take account of all the reflections we obtain a nonlinear Neumann’s condition with temperatures coupled on

Γ_1

. The method using here to prove the existence of a solution to this problem is based on the utilization of lower and upper solutions. We obtain the unicity by a maximum principle.

Le modèle que nous présentons ici est une version simplifiée tirée de la simulation numérique d’un procédé de cristallogénèse ([3], [6]). On s’intéresse à la résolution de l’équation de la chaleur dans un domaine

Ω

avec des échanges thermiques par rayonnement sur une partie

Γ_1

de la frontière de

Ω

. Ces échanges se font à l’intérieur d’une enceinte fermée

Γ = Γ_1 ∪ Γ_2

. La prise en compte de toutes les réflections donne un couplage des températures et une condition de Neumann non linéaire sur

Γ_1

. Cette non linéarité n’est pas monotone. On utilise la méthode des sous et sur solutions pour montrer l’existence d’une solution minimale et d’une solution maximale puis on établit l’unicité de la solution avec un principe du maximum.
Classical solvability in dimension two of the second boundary-value problem associated with the Monge-Ampère operator
Authors: Delanoë P.
Published: February 2017

Given two bounded strictly convex domains of

ℝ^n

and a positive function on their product, all data being smooth, find a smooth strictly convex function whose gradient maps one domain onto the other with Jacobian determinant proportional to the given function. We solve this problem under the (technical) condition

n = 2

.

Soit deux domaines bornés strictement convexes de

ℝ^n

et une fonction positive définie sur leur produit, ces données étant lisses, trouver une fonction lisse strictement convexe dont le gradient applique un domaine sur l’autre avec déterminant Jacobien proportionnel à la fonction donnée. Nous résolvons ce problème sous la condition (technique)

n = 2

.
Ljusternik-Schnirelman theory with local Palais-Smale condition and singular dynamical systems
Authors: Majer P.
Published: February 2017

We find infintely many T-periodic solutions to a system

ü + ∇_x V(t, u) = 0

with a singular, T-periodic potential

V

, whose behaviour at infinity is subjected to rather weak assumptions. In order to do so, we adapt the Ljusternik–Schnirelman method to handle a functional possibly unbounded from below and which possibly does not satisfy the Palais–Smale condition at any level.

Nous trouvons un nombre infini de solutions T-périodiques d’un système

ü + ∇_xV(t, u) = 0

pour un potentiel singulier, T-périodique

V

dont le comportement à l’infini est sujet à des hypothèses très faibles. Pour ce faire, nous adaptons la méthode de Ljusternik–Schnirelman pour traiter une fonctionnelle même non bornée inférieurement et ne satisfaisant pas la condition de Palais–Smale à tout niveau.
Heteroclinic orbits for spatially periodic Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Felmer P.L.
Published: February 2017

We study the existence of heteroclinic orbits for a Hamiltonian system

\begin{align*}
&\.{p} = −\mathrm{H}_{q}(p,q) \\
&\.{q} = \mathrm{H}_{p}(p,q)
\end{align*}

where the Hamiltonian is periodic in the space variable

q

and superlinear in

p

. We use the Saddle Point Theorem to obtain existence of solutions for a finite time interval, and then we obtain heteroclinic orbits as limit of them. Our hypothesis on

\mathrm H

are motivated by the second order Lagrangean systems on the torus.

On étudie l’existence des orbites hétérocliniques pour le système hamiltonien

\begin{align*}
&\.{p} = −\mathrm{H}_{q}(p,q) \\
&\.{q} = \mathrm{H}_{p}(p,q)
\end{align*}

quand l’Hamiltonien est périodique par rapport à la variable

q

et superlinéaire en

p

. On utilise le théorème de Point Selle pour obtenir des solutions dans un intervalle de temps fini et on obtient donc les orbites hétérocliniques comme limites. Les hypothèses qu’on utilise sur

\mathrm H

sont motivées par les systèmes Lagrangiens sur le torus.
A system of non-linear functional differential equations arising in an equilibrium model of an economy with borrowing constraints
Authors: Conze A. , Lasry J.-M. , Scheinkman J.A.
Published: February 2017

We study the existence of solutions to a nonlinear functional differential system that describes the equilibrium of a dynamic stochastic economy with heterogeneous agents facing borowing constraints. Our model is a generalization of the one studied in Scheinkman and Weiss [3] to display the effect of borrowing constraints in aggregate economic activity, and the mathematical techniques that we developp can be useful to deal with more complex models.

The system has aspects of a free boundary value problem in which there are different equations for different domains, with the domains themselves and their boundary determined by the solutions. It also has some of the characteristics of hyperbolic systems that one would obtain by differentiating Hamilton–Jacobi equations. These aspects combine to require, at least apparently, a very specific new approach to the existence problem. One payoff of this technique is that the existence proof is also an algorithm for computation.

On étudie l’existence de solutions d’un système différentiel fonctionnel non linéaire décrivant l’équilibre d’une économie stochastique dynamique avec des agents hétérogènes soumis à des contraintes d’endettement. Notre modèle est une généralisation de celui étudié par Scheinkman et Weiss [3] qui mettait en valeur les effets de contraintes d’endettement sur l’activité économique agrégée, et sa résolution introduit des techniques mathématiques utilies pour la résolution de modèles plus complexes.

Le système possède certains aspects d’un problème avec frontière libre pour lequel il y a des équations différentes pour différents domaines, les domaines et leur frontière étant déterminés par les solutions. Il possède également certaines des caractéristiques des systèmes hyperboliques obtenu par différentiation d’équations de Hamilton–Jacobi. La combinaison de ces aspects nécessite une approche spécifique du problème d’existence. L’un des avantages de cette technique est que la preuve d’existence fournit un algorithme de calcul des solutions.
An explanation for the phase lag in supersonic jet impingement
Authors: Weightman Joel L. , Amili Omid , Honnery Damon , Soria Julio , Edgington-Mitchell Daniel
Published: February 2017

For the first time, a physical mechanism is identified to explain the phase lag term in Powell’s impinging feedback loop equation (Powell, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 83 (2), 1988, pp. 515–533). Ultra-high-speed schlieren reveals a previously unseen periodic transient shock in the wall jet region of underexpanded impinging flows. The motion of this shock appears to be responsible for the production of the acoustic waves corresponding to the impingement tone. It is suggested that the delay between the inception of the shock and the formation of the acoustic wave explains the phase lag in the aeroacoustic feedback process. This suggestion is quantitatively supported through an assessment of Powell’s feedback equation, using high-resolution particle image velocimetry and acoustic measurements.
An impulse-based approach to estimating forces in unsteady flow
Authors: Graham W. R. , Pitt Ford C. W. , Babinsky H.
Published: February 2017

The ready availability of full-field velocity measurements in present-day experiments has kindled interest in using such data for force estimation, especially in situations where direct measurements are difficult. Among the methods proposed, a formulation based on impulse is attractive, for both practical and physical reasons. However, evaluation of the impulse requires a complete description of the vorticity field, and this is particularly hard to achieve in the important region close to a body surface. This paper presents a solution to the problem. The incomplete experimental-vorticity field is augmented by a vortex sheet on the body, with strength determined by the no-slip boundary condition. The impulse is then found from the sum of vortex-sheet and experimental contributions. Components of physical interest can straightforwardly be recognised; for example, the classical ‘added mass’ associated with fluid inertia is represented by an explicit term in the formulation for the vortex sheet. The method is implemented in the context of two-dimensional flat-plate flow, and tested on velocity-field data from a translating wing experiment. The results show that the vortex-sheet contribution is significant for the test data set. Furthermore, when it is included, good agreement with force-balance measurements is found. It is thus recommended that any impulse-based force calculation should correct for (likely) data incompleteness in this way.
Archaeological heritage management in the Meuse valley (Limburg, the Netherlands) from a national perspective: aims, methods and results
Authors: Rensink Eelco
Published: February 2017

Numerous archaeological investigations have been performed along the river Meuse in the Netherlands’ southeastern province of Limburg as part of the major ‘Maaswerken’ infrastructural project. To improve flood risk management and navigability, and for the purpose of gravel production and nature development, several areas of land covering a total of almost 2000 ha are being excavated to a great depth. In anticipation of this, archaeological research was performed for the purposes of recording and documenting archaeological remains in the most important areas and locations. From 1998 to 2015 the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (Amersfoort) was in charge of the investigations, and acted as adviser to national public works agency Rijkswaterstaat.

The archaeological research connected with the Maaswerken project differed from regular, site-based investigations in terms of the landscape archaeology perspective on which it was based. The research themes and principles associated with this perspective were published in several documents, including a scientific policy plan published in 2004, and presented in further detail in area programmes and project briefs. The policy plan assigned each project area to one of five value assessment categories, based on the intactness of the landscape and the archaeological potential for addressing the research questions. In areas of high landscape intactness and great archaeological potential (category 1) the Agency selected zones to be surveyed and assessed, and for archaeological excavation. Though most of the fieldwork, including specialist analysis, was performed in these zones, other category project areas have also been the subject of archaeological fieldwork, including borehole surveys, site-oriented research and watching briefs, but on a more incidental basis. Observations were also made in the river Meuse itself and in the river's winter bed.

The archaeological investigations resulted in a large number of standard reports of desk studies and fieldwork, including reports of specialist analyses. A considerable proportion of these refer to the large-scale investigations at Borgharen and Itteren to the north of Maastricht, and at Lomm and Well–Aijen to the north of Venlo. The results of the investigations suggest the archaeological record here is rich and varied, with a time depth of c. 11,500 years, and traces of occupation and land use ranging from the Early Mesolithic (Well–Aijen, Borgharen) to the Second World War (Lomm).

This paper reflects on almost 20 years of archaeological research in the project areas of the Maaswerken and on the principles and methods used in the field research. The common thread is the results of landscape and archaeological studies and the relationship between them. Examples are used to illustrate results that can be regarded as important from a national perspective, and in terms of archaeological heritage management.
“Good Try, Mr. Paul”: Populism and the Politics of African Land Use
Authors: Watts Michael
Published: February 2017

These people and movements, then, are populist and have much in common: the Levellers, the Diggers, the Chartists, the Narodniki, the US populists … Gandi… Nyerere. The list is very long but still very incomplete.

Reading Paul Richards's excellent paper and, most particularly, the set of international commentaries has been something of a salutary experience and, as I have now discovered, has made my task wholly unenviable. There is, of course, something here for everyone as one might anticipate in any state of the art paper of this scope. The respondents' remarks alone cover a huge intellectual terrain from epistemology to animal traction, from bibliographic style to Shakespearean metaphor, and a good deal more. It is difficult to know what to make of all this let alone to weave these heterogeneous threads into a pleasing, coherent tapestry. Yet, beneath this patina of diversity, lie much more deep seated interpretative and theoretical differences that are intriguing in their own right. For example, Richards's plea for the “honest face” of particularism in relation to what he posits as a congenital drift toward arid and sterile global abstractions and grand universal theory was lent wildly different interpretations by his erstwhile critics. For some this was a glorious new mandate to return to Gluckman and some forms of nineteenth century anthropology; for others it was a disastrous slide into the primal cess-poll of crude empiricism, Boasian salmon recipes, and rampant particularism. For others it represented a healthy appraisal of “the great range of specificities that one should be prepared to confront within a (Marxist) framework” (Henry Bernstein). And all this is wrapped in the almost inevitable empirical provincialism of “my village” or “my region” which provide the basis of individual scepticism and conceptual disproof. Because this is the case, my remarks make no pretense to be either a grand synthesis of highly contradictory contributions or a Herculean effort to locate a "common ground" as some of the comments at the panel discussion opined. In my opinion neither are possible.
Preface
Authors: Young M. Crawford
Published: February 2017

One of the more charming and usually harmless attributes of humankind is our propensity to impute mystical significance to intrinsically ordinary events. Thus it is that, in regularly recurrent rites, particular numbers in the unending sequence acquire singular symbolic prominence: 10, 25, 50, 100. Why these numbers and not others?

No ready answer comes to mind. Certainly none was sought by the remarkably energetic Program Committee which, working with our Howard University hosts, organized with superb skill the 25th Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association. “XXV” connoted a silver anniversary, a rite de passage which commanded observation.

Commemorate, then, but how? On due reflection, the Program Committee struck upon the formula of a review and inventory of Africanist scholarship during the quarter century which has elapseed since the birth of the Association. What had been the major intellectual trends in the various fields of Africanist scholarship? How had the major paradigms which have shaped conceptual discourse evolved over these years?

Early in the life of the Association, a comprehensive survey of Africanist scholarship had been undertaken, under the direction of Robert Lystad (published as The African World, Praeger, 1965). The preliminary inventory, organized by academic discipline, serves as a valuable benchmark in intellectual history. To reread its useful essays today is to be reminded of the magnitude of the changes in problematic and perspective since that time.
International Congress on French-Speaking Africa
Authors: Lewis William H.
Published: February 2017

Under the auspices of the United States Department of State, The Ford Foundation, Georgetown University, and the African-American Institute, more than 75 scholars and other specialists convened at the Shoreham Hotel, Washington, D. C., from August 17 to 21, 1964, to exchange views on problems of political and social change in francophonic Africa. The program was organized and directed by Dr. William H. Lewis of Georgetown University. The first such conclave ever to be convened in the United States, it brought together more than 500 scholars, government officials, and diplomatic personnel from Africa, Western Europe, Canada, and the United States.

The basic purpose of this special program was to stimulate greater interest among American scholars and graduate students in the unfolding problems of francophonic Africa -- extending from Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia in the north to the Congo (Leopoldville) and the Malagasy Republic to the south. To this end, the sponsors established a four-week graduate Institute which preceded the Congress. Conducted at Georgetown University, the Institute brought together a faculty of leading African and American scholars, as well as a student body comprising Africans, Europeans, and Americans. The Institute offered a program of instruction in African history, problems of economic development, parameters of social change, West African politics, and nationalism in North and sub-Saharan Africa.
Comment: African Art and African History
Authors: Curtin Philip D.
Published: February 2017

In discussing these three papers as they relate to history, it is an essential starting point to realize that the discipline of history is changing and has changed considerably in the last quarter century. History began as an account of the great deeds of our own ancestors, a record of the past that was essentially a backward extension of our own group personality. It long ago outgrew its concern with our tribal past and came to be concerned with the past of other peoples who share our Western culture. More recently, historians have become increasingly concerned with the past of other cultures as well. Some remnants of the older historical tradition are still around, but broadly speaking history now can be defined as the study of change in human society.

With this shifting focus inside the discipline itself, some of the barriers that used to surround history have also begun to disappear. One of these barriers was a distinction between history and pre-history, made according to the kind of evidence that each used. Historians worked with documentary evidence, leaving the pre-historians to worry with the kind of problem that could be solved only through the combined use of archaeology, oral tradition, linguistic evidence, and the like. In African history no such distinction is possible, and it is now generally abandoned. Documentary evidence about the history of Africa south of the Sahara begins about the ninth century, but it has to be used alongside non-documentary evidence. Documentary evidence, used by itself, only begins to tell the whole story when we come to the twentieth century, and even here it overlaps with the oral evidence of people still alive. African history is thus dominantly a history based on mixed data. The old line between history and pre-history is no longer useful, and the Journal of African History recognized this fact when, for convenience, it set a new division between history and pre-history at the beginning of the Iron Age — a date which will, of course, be somewhat different for different parts of Africa.
Catalyst or Crown: Does Naturalization Promote the Long-Term Social Integration of Immigrants?
Authors: HAINMUELLER JENS , HANGARTNER DOMINIK , PIETRANTUONO GIUSEPPE
Published: February 2017

We study the impact of naturalization on the long-term social integration of immigrants into the host country society. Despite ongoing debates about citizenship policy, we lack reliable evidence that isolates the causal effect of naturalization from the nonrandom selection into naturalization. We exploit the quasi-random assignment of citizenship in Swiss municipalities that used referendums to decide on naturalization applications of immigrants. Comparing otherwise similar immigrants who narrowly won or lost their naturalization referendums, we find that receiving Swiss citizenship strongly improved long-term social integration. We also find that the integration returns to naturalization are larger for more marginalized immigrant groups and when naturalization occurs earlier, rather than later in the residency period. Overall, our findings support the policy paradigm arguing that naturalization is a catalyst for improving the social integration of immigrants rather than merely the crown on the completed integration process.
The Relevance of Switzerland for Modern Politics
Authors: Ionescu Ghi̧ta
Published: February 2017

THIS IS A SPECIAL ISSUE OF OUR JOURNAL AND IT IS THE outcome of a conference held at the Centre Européen de la Culture in Geneva. The Centre was founded in 1947 by Denis de Rougemont, the great Swiss writer, philosopher and European federalist, and directed by him until his death in 1985. Now it has been revived under the presidency of Professor Jacques Freymond, the best-known Swiss political scientist in the world of academia, and himself the author of many classic works on international politics. We want once more to thank the Centre, its present physically and intellectually indefatigable President and its expert staff.
Translation in the Zone of the Dubash: Colonial Mediations ofAnuvāda
Authors: Hatcher Brian A.
Published: February 2017

Responding to recent critical reflection on the concept ofanuvādawithin the fields of translation studies and South Asian literary cultures, this article explores the complex colonial mediations shaping modern Bengali understandings of the term. The goal is to situate the production of new meanings ofanuvādawithin the zone of the Dubash, a phrase used here to conjure the highly mediated space of vernacular translation as practiced by Bengali intellectuals under colonial rule. This article argues that if we wish to employanuvādaas a tool for rethinking the meaning and practice of translation, we must first attend to the processes that transformed the norms and goals of textual transmission in the colonial era. In the end we can hope not only to enrich our understanding of South Asian translational practices but also to appreciate the role played by translation in the story of literary modernity in Bengal.
Cultural affiliation is not enough: the repatriation of Ainu human remains
Authors: Nakamura Naohiro
Published: February 2017

The challenges faced by indigenous peoples in repatriation negotiations vary across the globe. In 2012, three Ainu individuals launched a legal case against Hokkaido University, demanding the return of the human remains of nine individuals and a formal apology for having conducted intentional excavations of Ainu graveyards, stolen the remains and infringed upon their rights to perform ceremonies of worship. This action marked the first of such legal cases in Japan. The Ainu experienced both legal and ethical challenges during negotiations with the university; for example, while the claimants applied the Ainu conceptkotanas a legal argument for collective ownership of the remains, Hokkaido University claimed the lack of assumption of rights relating to worship under the Civil Code of Japan. There has been significant progress recently on repatriation, mainly due to the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act in the US, and several meaningful recommendations have been made to ease the repatriation process. However, such recommendations are often case specific and variations in the experiences of indigenous peoples from country to country have not been widely documented. This article discusses the challenges faced by the Ainu in repatriation negotiations in Japan, with a particular focus on the difficulties of applying indigenous customs and philosophies within legal frameworks.
Predictors of premenstrual impairment among women undergoing prospective assessment for premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a cycle-level analysis
Authors: Schmalenberger K. M. , Eisenlohr-Moul T. A. , Surana P. , Rubinow D. R. , Girdler S. S.
Published: February 2017

Background

Women who experience significant premenstrual symptoms differ in the extent to which these symptoms cause cyclical impairment. This study clarifies the type and number of symptoms that best predict premenstrual impairment in a sample of women undergoing prospective assessment for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in a research setting. Central research goals were to determine (1) which emotional, psychological, and physical symptoms of PMDD are uniquely associated with premenstrual impairment, and (2) how many cyclical symptoms optimally predict the presence of a clinically significant premenstrual elevation of impairment.

Method

A total of 267 naturally cycling women recruited for retrospective report of premenstrual emotional symptoms completed daily symptom reports using the Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) and occupational, recreational, and relational impairment for 1–4 menstrual cycles (N = 563 cycles).

Results

Multilevel regression revealed that emotional, psychological, and physical symptoms differ in their associations with impairment. The core emotional symptoms of PMDD were predictors of impairment, but not after accounting for secondary psychological symptoms, which were the most robust predictors. The optimal number of premenstrual symptoms for predicting clinically significant premenstrual impairment was four.

Conclusion

Results enhance our understanding of the type and number of premenstrual symptoms associated with premenstrual impairment among women being evaluated for PMDD in research contexts. Additional work is needed to determine whether cognitive symptoms should receive greater attention in the study of PMDD, and to revisit the usefulness of the five-symptom diagnostic threshold.
Community-based screening intervention for depression affects suicide rates among middle-aged Japanese adults
Authors: Oyama H. , Sakashita T.
Published: February 2017

Background

It has been suggested that screening interventions may be effective for suicide prevention. Few studies, however, have reported their effects on outcome measures, including death by suicide among middle-aged adults.

Method

We used a quasi-experimental parallel cluster design with matched community-based intervention and control municipalities (total eligible population: 90 000) in Japan. At-risk residents within the intervention area were invited for universal depression screening and subsequent care/support. We compared changes in suicide incidence of adults aged 40–64 years for the 4-year pre- and post-implementation periods in the intervention group with the control group and the whole country. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of the outcomes were adjusted for age group, gender and interaction terms, using mixed-effects negative binomial regression models. Suicide rates among intervention and control subgroups were compared.

Results

The screening procedure was offered to 52% of the intervention group, and 61% of those contacted responded over the implementation period. Suicide rates decreased more in the intervention group [IRR 0.57, 95% (CI) 0.41–0.78; F1,36 = 12.52, p = 0.001] than the control group (IRR proportion 1.63, 95% CI 1.06–2.48; F1,82 = 5.20, p = 0.025) or the whole country (IRR proportion 1.64, 95% CI 1.16–2.34; F1,42 = 8.21, p = 0.006). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the results from the primary analysis. There were lower suicide rates among both respondents and non-respondents to the screening than in the control group during the implementation period.

Conclusions

Prevention efforts involved in the depression screening intervention were probably successful in reducing suicide rates.
Who pays the price for high neuroticism? Moderators of longitudinal risks for depression and anxiety
Authors: Vittengl J. R.
Published: February 2017

Background

High neuroticism is a well-established risk for present and future depression and anxiety, as well as an emerging target for treatment and prevention. The current analyses tested the hypothesis that physical, social and socio-economic disadvantages each amplify risks from high neuroticism for longitudinal increases in depression and anxiety symptoms.

Method

A national sample of adults (n = 7108) provided structured interview and questionnaire data in the Midlife Development in the United States Survey. Subsamples were reassessed roughly 9 and 18 years later. Time-lagged multilevel models predicted changes in depression and anxiety symptom intensity across survey waves.

Results

High neuroticism predicted increases in a depression/anxiety symptom composite across retest intervals. Three disadvantage dimensions – physical limitations (e.g. chronic illness, impaired functioning), social problems (e.g. less social support, more social strain) and low socio-economic status (e.g. less education, lower income) – each moderated risks from high neuroticism for increases in depression and anxiety symptoms. Collectively, high scores on the three disadvantage dimensions amplified symptom increases attributable to high neuroticism by 0.67 standard deviations. In contrast, neuroticism was not a significant risk for increases in symptoms among participants with few physical limitations, few social problems or high socio-economic status.

Conclusions

Risks from high neuroticism are not shared equally among adults in the USA. Interventions preventing or treating depression or anxiety via neuroticism could be targeted toward vulnerable subpopulations with physical, social or socio-economic disadvantages. Moreover, decreasing these disadvantages may reduce mental health risks from neuroticism.
Global Dance and Globalization: Emerging Perspectives
Authors: Browning Barbara
Published: February 2017

Listening to the work presented at the 2001 meeting of the Congress on Research in Dance, “Transmigratory Moves,” one could not help noticing that both established and emerging dance scholars were in the process of attempting to find a fuller and more accurate way of understanding the relationship between global political and economic forces and movement praxis. The following articles (all extended versions of work presented at the conference) exemplify different aspects of these new initiatives in our field. As Shanti Pillai points out in her piece, the term “globalization” has tended to provoke two kinds of responses: either panic over the global imposition of American corporate culture, or else celebration of cultural hybridity and the resilience of indigenous forms. Both of these responses can often present a reductive view of what are, in fact, highly complex phenomena. All three of the articles presented here attempt a more nuanced narrative of the effects of traveling choreographic and movement practices.
“One Who Hears Their Cries”: The Buddhist Ethic of Compassion in Japanese Butoh
Authors: Crump Juliette T.
Published: February 2017

In the San Francisco Weekly in 2002, reviewer Bernice Yeung referred to butoh as a “bizarre and mysterious art.” Although it has become a leading postmodern and international art form in the last thirty years and is familiar to contemporary arts festival viewers around the globe, butoh is still referred to as bizarre, tortured, disturbing. As a butoh practitioner who has seen many butoh performances in Tokyo, the United States, Canada, and Sweden from 1981 to 2006, I have come to believe that its grotesque elements, though important, do not constitute the core of butoh. Rather, it is the basic Buddhist value of compassion that inspires butoh's content and powerful expression. In the above remarks by Ohno and Hijikata, the founders of this esoteric art form, stretching out a hand or stepping a crippled step forward in crisis are acts of compassion, and it may be this compassionate aspect of butoh that engenders its appeal.
Introduction
Authors: Jowitt Deborah
Published: February 2017

When CORD asked me to put together a panel honoring Marcia B. Siegel for the 2005 conference in Montreal, I did not hesitate to accept. She had done the same for me in 2001. But this was no quid pro quo. Decades ago, when Siegel edited the long-defunct publication Dance Scope, she invited me to contribute a review of Edwin Denby's Dancers, Buildings and People in the Street to the Spring 1966 issue. She was taking a big chance. That was my first published writing. She had only heard me talk about dance on “The Critical People,” a radio show about the arts on WBAI-FM (a bunch of us got together weekly and more or less winged it).

Over the years, she and I have thrashed out ideas about criticism, historical writing, and specific performances sitting side by side in theater seats, collapsing in hotel rooms after arduous days at conferences, conducting workshops together, and while weeding my vegetable garden. Our opinions may differ, but we have similar ideas about what we are trying to accomplish in our writing and what kind of writing we like to read.

In putting together the panel, I consulted Marcia for ideas. Gay Morris, Selma Odom, and Peggy Phelan are her distinguished colleagues in dance history, theory, and criticism; she also counts them among her friends. Elizabeth Streb, whom she has reviewed over the years, created and delivered a stunning Powerpoint presentation. I regret that it couldn’t be included here. Juxtaposing Marcia's writings about her work to glimpses of the pieces reviewed and her own impressions of them, Streb offered a uniquely insightful and generous view of the critic-artist relationship.
Travel and Translation in the Dance Writings of Beryl de Zoete
Authors: Odom Selma Landen
Published: February 2017

Around the time Marcia Siegel's dance writing career began, an important predecessor's ended with the death in 1962 of Beryl de Zoete, critic and ethnologist. Of Dutch descent, de Zoete was born in London in 1879 into a family of brokers whose name still figures prominently on the British stock exchange. Traveling independently, using her gifts for meeting people and learning languages, she wrote three unprecedented ethnographies, beginning with the book she produced with Walter Spies, Dance and Drama in Bali (1938), and followed by The Other Mind: A Study of Dance in South India (1953) and Dance and Magic Drama in Ceylon (1957). From the late 1920s through the mid-1950s, de Zoete also published many articles on her encounters with European dance and music, and her reviews of performances and books appeared regularly in newspapers, most notably in the influential weekly New Statesman and Nation. After she died, her friend Arthur Waley completed her planned collection of short pieces, The Thunder and the Freshness (1963), titled after poet John Keats's description of a waterfall. This image evoked, for her, the sound of dance drumming before dawn.

In this talk, I sketch de Zoete's life and begin to think about how she worked as a writer. As part of my doctoral research, I investigated her connections with Dalcroze Eurhythmies, which teaches music through movement and improvisation. I also draw on previous work by Margaret Dale, who remembers de Zoete's visits to Sadler's Wells Ballet rehearsals in the 1940s and later consulted her about presenting Sinhalese dance on BBC television.
The Institutes for Dance Criticism and the Emergence of an Alternative Critical Writing
Authors: Morris Gay
Published: February 2017

First I would like to thank Deborah Jowitt and CORD for inviting me to participate in this panel. I have known Marcia for many years and I am delighted to be here today to honor her. This also gives me a chance to speak about the Institutes for Dance Criticism (sometimes unofficially called the critics' conferences) started by Selma Jeanne Cohen in 1971 at Connecticut College and then expanded to the West Coast for several years in the mid-1970s. I met Marcia at the 1974 West Coast institute, which she was directing at Mills College. The next year I attended the East Coast branch at Connecticut College, which Deborah [Jowitt] directed and where Marcia served on the faculty.

In their early years the institutes were of tremendous importance to dance criticism. Nothing like them had ever been attempted. They came at the beginning of the dance boom, when publications were suddenly expected to cover what, for many editors and writers, was a little-known art form. The institutes were sponsored by the National Endowment for the Arts specifically to train dance critics. A number of people passed through the institutes who went on to important careers in criticism and academe, including Sally Banes, Janice Ross, and Mindy Aloff.
Dancing into Modernity: Multiple Narratives of India's Kathak Dance
Authors: Chakravorty Pallabi
Published: February 2017

Modernity, once a prerogative of the West, is now ubiquitous, experienced diversely by people all over the world. The changing notions of modernity are historically linked to the development of the public sphere. This article broadly attempts to map the discourse of modernity to the evolution of Kathak, a premier classical dance from India. The article has two threads running through it. One is the development of the public sphere in India as it relates to anti-colonial nationalism, the formation of the modern nation-state, and globalization. The other focuses on transformations in Kathak as they relate to changing patronage, ideology, and postcolonial history. I emphasize the latter to mark the transitions in Kathak as emblematic of Indian national identity and national ideology to a new era of cultural contestation. This emergent public domain of culture is coined as “public modernity” by anthropologist Arjun Appadurai in contemporary India. It is linked to economic reforms, or “liberalization,” leading to globalization and a resurgence of communal politics. Both of these make culture, tradition, and identity central to the contestation of power among the diverse social formations in India.
The Male Dancer in the Middle East and Central Asia
Authors: Shay Anthony
Published: February 2017

Within this quotation the reader may find a rich description of historical and even contemporary Middle Eastern attitudes toward dance and male dancers in particular, penned from a native point of view. In this article I address those attitudes, but more importantly challenge several cherished, long-held assumptions and theoretical stances expressed by native elites and Westerners interested in Middle Eastern dance and dancers. First, I challenge the romantic views that many gay men hold that the presence of male dancers and the sexual interest expressed toward them by Middle Eastern men somehow constitutes evidence for an environment accepting of homosexuality and a Utopian gay paradise, where the possibility of unbridled sexual congress with handsome, passionately out-of-control Arabs, Persians, and Turks exists. Thus, they crucially confuse gay or homosexual identity with homosexual activity or behavior. Because of this confusion, I use an important aspect of queer theory that counters “the monolithic alternative of liberationist gay politics” (Bleys 1995, 7) to look at the phenomenon of professional male dancers in a somewhat grittier, more realistic light. In particular, I refer to Stephen O. Murray's groundbreaking article, “The Will Not to Know” (1997, 14–54) which establishes a valuable lens through which to view how the vast majority of Middle Eastern individuals regard homosexual acts.
Matters of Tact: Writing History from the Inside Out
Authors: Albright Ann Cooper
Published: February 2017

Long before I became a committed academic, long before I was a college professor teaching dance history, long before terminal degrees and professional titles, I chanced upon an exhibition of early dance photographs at the Rodin Museum in Paris. I bought the small catalogue, and from time to time I would page through the striking black and white images searching for dancing inspiration. I always paused at a certain one of Loïe Fuller. There she is, radiant in the sunlight of Rodin's garden, chest open, arms spread like great wings, running full force towards the camera. It is an image of a strong, mature woman, one who exudes a joyful, yet earthy energy. A copy of this photograph taken in 1900 by Eugène Druet currently hangs above my desk.

With a nod to the meanings embedded in historical study, Walter Benjamin once wrote: “To dwell means to leave traces” (1999, 9). Indeed, traces are the material artifacts that constitute the stuff of historical inquiry, the bits and pieces of a life that scholars follow, gather up, and survey. The word itself suggests the actual imprint of a figure who has passed, the footprint, mark or impression of a person or event. These kinds of traces are omnipresent in the case of Loie Fuller. Some traces are more visible than others, some more easily located. But all traces—once noticed—draw us into another reality.
The Black Dancing Body: An Interview with Seán Curran
Authors: Gottschild Brenda Dixon , Curran Seán
Published: February 2017

BDG: Seán, I want to start with something that you said yesterday about never having been able to do Bill's [Bill T. Jones's] movement the way he did it—or was it the way he wanted it done? Could you talk about that?

SC: The way he did it. Bill has a very inventive, deeply personal, and unique way of moving, perhaps because he didn't come up through the sort of modern dance training sought by many African-American dancers. People in college told Bill that he should go to New York to be “finished” by Alvin Ailey and he really did not have an interest in that. Bill studied dance with Percival Borde and contact improvisation with Lois Welk and was a track star in high school and college. He did a lot of musical theater in high school with an English teacher he loved very much. Bill was about dancing his own way.
Ghostcatching: An Intersection of Technology, Labor, and Race
Authors: Goldman Danielle
Published: February 2017

For the past few years, critics, fans, and even Bill T. Jones himself have been talking about the artist's move from explicitly political, identity-based works to an investigation of aesthetics and pure movement. They talk about the more conventional makeup of Jones's current ensemble—the fact that Lawrence Goldhuber and Alexandra Beller are no longer in the company, dancers described in the New York Times as “imperfect” because “chubbier than the norm” (Dunning 2002). They discuss the fact that Jones rarely uses text these days and is no longer confrontational. He dances to Beethover and performs at Lincoln Center with the Chamber Music Society. In a 1997 mterview with Richard Covington, Jones explains this shift in his work by stating, “It's not quite as sexy to talk about. What was being said in those earlier works was as important as how it was being danced. Here, I'm trying to think about how it's danced first, trusting that the political, social, all those things are in our bodies literally, and in the eyes of the beholder” (Covington 1997).
Sites of Subjectivity: Robert Morris, Minimalism, and Dance
Authors: Spivey Virginia
Published: February 2017

Robert Morris's dance Site (Fig. 1) premiered in February 1964 at the Surplus Dance Theater in New York City. Choreographed and performed by Morris, Site also featured the visual artist Carolee Schneemann and several sheets of four-by-eight foot plywood. Although it may seem odd to include these wooden panels among the performers, they assumed an active role in the choreography. Ironically, it was Schneemann who provided the background scenery. Nude and covered in white paint, she sat motionless throughout the performance, recreating the pose and persona of Edouard Manet's famous 1863 painting of Olympia while Morris manipulated the large wooden boards. In a graceful duet with inanimate partners, Morris spun the rectangular planes from a point on the ground, maneuvered them around his body, lifted them over his head, caressed their even form as he slowly moved his hand across one edge, and balanced the panels on his back as he moved across the stage. Not only did Morris never dance with Schneemann, he did not even seem to notice her.

In a career spanning over forty years, Robert Morris has produced theoretical articles, paintings, videos, installations, and environmental art in addition to his work in dance; nevertheless, the American artist remains best known for his Minimalist sculptures of the 1960s (Figs. 2 and 3). Like the works of his colleagues Donald Judd and Carl Andre, Morris's spare, geometrical objects of that period were three-dimensional and called attention to issues of site and artistic context. They also resisted past artistic conventions based in subjective methods of composition, expressivity, and metaphor. Morris, however, distinguished himself among this group of visual artists by the emphasis he placed on the viewer's bodily relationship with the art object, a distinction that derives directly from his unique involvement in avant-garde dance.
Mambo and the Maya
Authors: Gonzalez Anita
Published: February 2017

This essay is a descriptive analysis of a 2000 encounter with Mayan “mambo” dancing in a mountain community, an encounter that challenges assumptions about prevalent notions of exoticism, identity, and cultural authenticity. Traveling in Guatemala with a group of international scholars, I witnessed a public performance of the transnational mambo by costumed Guatemalans that was not mambo, not Mayan, and not social. Male performers, in celebration of Corpus Christi, dressed as Disney-style costume characters and executed routines to merengue music while nondancing participants watched the spectacle. This contradictory display of dancing encouraged me to reflect on the impact of popular social dance and to examine the complicated meanings communicated by performers who incorporate body-based art into indigenous social and economic paradigms. The performers' unique interpretation of mambo dance within the context of a public Corpus Christi festival underscored discrepancies between institutional perceptions of the mambo and the popular reuse of dance motifs. At the same time, the performance, which used clowning as a mechanism to engage the audience, inverted the solemnity of the religious feast day.
Marking Time: The British Danseur and the Second World War
Authors: Eliot Karen
Published: February 2017

Few Britons could resist the powerful rhetoric of Winston Churchill, whose words to the House of Commons in June 1940 (Churchill 1989) called upon all men, women, and children to do their utmost to serve the war effort. During the worst of the bombings, from 1940 to 1941, in what came to be known as “the blitz,” London and its populace were transformed. J. B. Priestly noted that “for once, [we] felt free, companionable, even—except while waiting for the explosions—lighthearted.” Fear, anxiety, the sense of struggle, or so the story goes, pulled Londoners together and united them in a sense of camaraderie that broke down centuries-old class barriers (Ziegler 1995, 165–166).

Among the commonly accepted myths of the British participation in the Second World War was this one—perpetuated by British authorities and some later historians—that all classes and all people were united in common cause against the enemy. While true on some levels, the picture of an island nation joined in communal sacrifice during the “People's War” masks the underlying societal anxieties that muffled differences of opinion and threatened those who did not adopt accepted notions of patriotism. Vera Brittain, writing at a key point during the world conflict, noted that the Nazi invasions of Europe “produced a rising clamour against unpopular minorities throughout England,” and that “both government and people are temporarily seized by a panic of suspicion” (Brittain 1941, 33). In his examination of the twentieth-century manifestations of British nationalism, Patrick Wright, for one, noted that exclusionary impulses, emerging under the threat of foreign invasion, were linked to subtle but prevalent patterns of anti-Semitism prior to and during the war years (Wright 1985).