bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Function-Based Metagenomic Screening
Authors: Ngara Tanyaradzwa Rodgers , Zhang Houjin
Published: December 2018

Metagenomes from uncultured microorganisms are rich resources for novel enzyme genes. The methods used to screen the metagenomic libraries fall into two categories, which are based on sequence or function of the enzymes. The sequence-based approaches rely on the known sequences of the target gene families. In contrast, the function-based approaches do not involve the incorporation of metagenomic sequencing data and, therefore, may lead to the discovery of novel gene sequences with desired functions. In this review, we discuss the function-based screening strategies that have been used in the identification of enzymes from metagenomes. Because of its simplicity, agar plate screening is most commonly used in the identification of novel enzymes with diverse functions. Other screening methods with higher sensitivity are also employed, such as microtiter plate screening. Furthermore, several ultra-high-throughput methods were developed to deal with large metagenomic libraries. Among these are the FACS-based screening, droplet-based screening, and the in vivo reporter-based screening methods. The application of these novel screening strategies has increased the chance for the discovery of novel enzyme genes.
Investigating the Northern Indian Ocean’s Puzzling Geodynamics
Authors: Pandey Dhananjai , Clemens Steven , Edmonds Marie
Published: December 2018

International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Proposal Nurturing Workshop on Indian Ocean; Goa, India, 17–18 September 2018
Eddy‐Induced Salinity Changes in the Tropical Pacific
Authors: Delcroix T. , Chaigneau A. , Soviadan D. , Boutin J. , Pegliasco Cori
Published: December 2018

The signature of westward propagating mesoscale eddies in sea surface salinity (SSS) is analyzed for the tropical Pacific by collocating 7 years (2010–2016) of Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity SSS satellite data with coherent mesoscale eddies automatically identified and tracked from altimetry‐derived sea level anomalies. First, the main characteristics of the long‐lived coherent eddies are inferred from sea level anomalies maps. Then, the mean signature of the mesoscale eddies on SSS is depicted for the whole tropical Pacific before focusing in regions centered around the central and eastern parts of the tropical North Pacific. In these areas, composite analyses based on thousands of eddies reveal regionally dependent eddy impacts with opposite SSS anomalies for cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies. In the central region, where the largest meridional SSS large‐scale gradients and smallest eddy amplitudes are observed, results show dipole‐like SSS changes with maximum anomalies on the leading edge of the composite eddy. In contrast, in the eastern region, where the largest near‐surface vertical salinity gradients and largest eddy amplitudes are observed, the composite eddy shows monopole‐like SSS changes with maximum anomalies near the composite eddy center. These distinct dipole/monopole SSS patterns suggest the dominant role of horizontal advection and vertical processes in the central and eastern regions, respectively. Other possible explanations, notably one involving the contrasted eddy amplitudes of the two regions, are discussed.
Thermodynamics of Sea Ice Phase Composition Revisited
Authors: Vancoppenolle Martin , Madec Gurvan , Thomas Max , McDougall Trevor J.
Published: December 2018

Pure ice, brine and solid minerals are the main contributors to sea ice mass. Constitutional changes with salinity and temperature exert a fundamental control on sea ice physical, chemical, and biological properties. However, current estimation methods and model representations of the sea ice phase composition suffer from two limitations—in a context of poorly quantified uncertainties. First, salt minerals are neglected. Second, formulations are inconsistent with international standards, in particular with the International Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater (TEOS‐10). To address these issues, we revisit the thermodynamics of the sea ice phase composition by confronting observations, theory, and the usual computation methods. We find remarkable agreement between observations and the Gibbs‐Pitzer theory as implemented in FREZCHEM, both for brine salinity (RMSE = 1.9 g/kg) and liquid H2O mass fraction (RMSE = 8.6 g/kg). On this basis, we propose expanded sea ice phase composition equations including minerals, expressed in terms of International Temperature Scale 1990 temperature and absolute salinity, and valid down to the eutectic temperature (−36.2 °C). These equations precisely reproduce FREZCHEM, outcompeting currently used calculation techniques. We also suggest a modification of the TEOS‐10 seawater Gibbs function giving a liquidus curve consistent with observations down to the eutectic temperature without changing TEOS‐10 inside its original validity range.
Nucleic acids and analogs for bone regeneration
Authors: Zhang Yuxin , Ma Wenjuan , Zhan Yuxi , Mao Chenchen , Shao Xiaoru , Xie Xueping , Wei Xiawei , Lin Yunfeng
Published: December 2018

With the incidence of different bone diseases increasing, effective therapies are needed that coordinate a combination of various technologies and biological materials. Bone tissue engineering has also been considered as a promising strategy to repair various bone defects. Therefore, different biological materials that can promote stem cell proliferation, migration, and osteoblastic differentiation to accelerate bone tissue regeneration and repair have also become the focus of research in multiple fields. Stem cell therapy, biomaterial scaffolds, and biological growth factors have shown potential for bone tissue engineering; however, off-target effects and cytotoxicity have limited their clinical use. The application of nucleic acids (deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid) and nucleic acid analogs (peptide nucleic acids or locked nucleic acids), which are designed based on foreign genes or with special structures, can be taken up by target cells to exert different effects such as modulating protein expression, replacing a missing gene, or targeting specific gens or proteins. Due to some drawbacks, nucleic acids and nucleic acid analogs are combined with various delivery systems to exert enhanced effects, but current studies of these molecules have not yet satisfied clinical requirements. In-depth studies of nucleic acid or nucleic acid analog delivery systems have been performed, with a particular focus on bone tissue regeneration and repair. In this review, we mainly introduce delivery systems for nucleic acids and nucleic acid analogs and their applications in bone repair and regeneration. At the same time, the application of conventional scaffold materials for the delivery of nucleic acids and nucleic acid analogs is also discussed.
Synthesis of carbonyl-bridged dibenzofulvalenes and related compounds by rhodium-catalyzed stitching reaction
Authors: Shintani Ryo , Kishikawa Shinnosuke , Nakamura Kimihiro , Tsuda Tomohiro , Nozaki Kyoko
Published: December 2018

Various carbonyl-bridged dibenzofulvalenes were synthesized by a sequence of rhodium-catalyzed stitching reaction and post-functionalization, and other bridged dibenzofulvalenes could also be synthesized using the present stitching reaction.
Charge transfer and slow magnetic relaxation in a series of cyano-bridged FeIII4MII2 (M = FeII, CoII, NiII) molecules
Authors: Wang Jin-Hua , Vignesh Kuduva R. , Zhao Jia , Li Zhao-Yang , Dunbar Kim R.
Published: December 2018

The synthesis, single-crystal structures and magnetic properties of three new cyano-bridged complexes [FeIII4MII2] (M = FeII, CoII, NiII) are reported.
Synthesis of 2-acetyl trisubstituted furans via copper-mediated deacylation cleavage of unstrained C(sp3)–C(sp2) bonds
Authors: Fan Jian , Wang Shengke , Chen Jiahui , Wu Manyi , Zhang Jitan , Xie Meihua
Published: December 2018

A copper-mediated tandem addition/cyclization/carbon–carbon cleavage reaction for the convenient synthesis of 2-acyl trisubstituted furans has been developed.
Bifunctional N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed [3 + 4] annulation of enals with azadienes: enantioselective synthesis of benzofuroazepinones
Authors: Chen Kun-Quan , Gao Zhong-Hua , Ye Song
Published: December 2018

The bifunctional N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed [3 + 4] annulation of enals with aurone-derived azadienes was developed to afford benzofuroazepinones with excellent enantioselectivities.
Interaction of functionalized nanoparticles with serum proteins and its impact on colloidal stability and cargo leaching
Authors: Abstiens Kathrin , Maslanka Figueroa Sara , Gregoritza Manuel , Goepferich Achim M.
Published: December 2018

Formation of a protein corona can severely compromise the performance of functionalized polymeric nanoparticles by changing their identity and integrity.
A universal respiration sensing platform utilizing surface water condensation
Authors: Guan Yaodong , Song Yongming , Li Haoyang , Ye Lei , Lu Baoyang , Zang Jianfeng , Yu Yan
Published: December 2018

This paper proposes a high-sensitivity and fast-response respiration sensor using water condensation induced conductive layer formation.
Diazaspirocycles: novel platforms for efficient phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Liu Xiang-Yang , Zhang Yi-Jie , Fei Xiyu , Ran Quan , Fung Man-Keung , Fan Jian
Published: December 2018

Diazaspirocycle molecular platforms were used to construct hosts for efficient phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes.
Large electrocaloric effect over a wide temperature range in BaTiO3-modified lead-free ceramics
Authors: Zhao Luo , Ke Xiaoqin , Zhou Zhijian , Liao Xiaoqi , Li Junjie , Wang Yu , Wu Ming , Li Tangyuan , Bai Yang , Ren Xiaobing
Published: December 2018

BT-13CH exhibits a large electrocaloric effect over a broad temperature range because of multiphase coexistence (MPC) with diffuse phase transition (DPT) character.
Interplay between pulsation, mass loss, and third dredge-up: More about Miras with and without technetium
Authors: Uttenthaler S. , McDonald I. , Bernhard K. , Cristallo S. , Gobrecht D.
Published: December 2018

Context. We follow-up on a previous finding that AGB Mira variables containing the third dredge-up indicator technetium (Tc) in their atmosphere form a different sequence of K − [22] colour as a function of pulsation period than Miras without Tc. A near- to mid-infrared colour such as K − [22] is a good probe for the dust mass-loss rate of the stars. Contrary to what might be expected, Tc-poor Miras show redder K − [22] colours (i.e. higher dust mass-loss rates) than Tc-rich Miras at a given period.

Aims. Here, the previous sample is extended and the analysis is expanded towards other colours and dust spectra. The most important aim is to investigate if the same two sequences can be revealed in the gas mass-loss rate.

Methods. We analysed new optical spectra and expanded the sample by including more stars from the literature. Near- and mid-IR photometry and ISO dust spectra of our stars were investigated where available. Literature data of gas mass-loss rates of Miras and semi-regular variables were collected and analysed.

Results. Our results show that Tc-poor Miras are redder than Tc-rich Miras in a broad range of the mid-IR, suggesting that the previous finding based on the K − [22] colour is not due to a specific dust feature in the 22 μm band. We establish a linear relation between K − [22] and the gas mass-loss rate. We also find that the 13 μm feature disappears above K − [22]≃2.17 mag, corresponding to Ṁg ∼ 2.6 × 10−7 M⊙ yr−1. No similar sequences of Tc-poor and Tc-rich Miras in the gas mass-loss rate vs. period diagram are found, most probably owing to limitations in the available data.

Conclusions. Different hypotheses to explain the observation of two sequences in the P vs. K − [22] diagram are discussed and tested, but so far, none of them convincingly explains the observations. Nevertheless, we might have found an hitherto unknown but potentially important process influencing mass loss on the TP-AGB.
The dependence of intrinsic alignment of galaxies on wavelength using KiDS and GAMA
Authors: Georgiou Christos , Johnston Harry , Hoekstra Henk , Viola Massimo , Kuijken Konrad , Joachimi Benjamin , Chisari Nora Elisa , Farrow Daniel J. , Hildebrandt Hendrik , Holwerda Benne W. , Kannawadi Arun
Published: December 2018

The outer regions of galaxies are more susceptible to the tidal interactions that lead to intrinsic alignments of galaxies. The resulting alignment signal may therefore depend on the passband if the colours of galaxies vary spatially. To quantify this, we measured the shapes of galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts from the GAMA survey using deep gri imaging data from the KiloDegree Survey. The performance of the moment-based shape measurement algorithm DEIMOS was assessed using dedicated image simulations, which showed that the ellipticities could be determined with an accuracy better than 1% in all bands. Additional tests for potential systematic errors did not reveal any issues. We measure a significant difference of the alignment signal between the g, r and i-band observations. This difference exceeds the amplitude of the linear alignment model on scales below 2 Mpc h−1. Separating the sample into central/satellite and red/blue galaxies, we find that the difference is dominated by red satellite galaxies.
Stellar mass spectrum within massive collapsing clumps
Authors: Lee Yueh-Ning , Hennebelle Patrick
Published: December 2018

Context. The stellar mass spectrum is an important property of the stellar cluster and a fundamental quantity to understand our Universe. The fragmentation of diffuse molecular cloud into stars is subject to physical processes such as gravity, turbulence, thermal pressure, and magnetic field.

Aims. The final mass of a star is believed to be a combined outcome of a virially unstable reservoir and subsequent accretion. We aim to clarify the roles of different supporting energies, notably the thermal pressure and magnetic field, in determining the stellar mass.

Methods. Following our previous studies, we performed a series of numerical experiments of stellar cluster formation inside an isolated molecular clump. We investigated whether any characteristic mass is introduced into the fragmentation processes by changing the effective equation of state (EOS) of the diffuse gas, that is to say gas whose density is below the critical density at which dust becomes opaque to its radiation, and the strength of the magnetic field.

Results. The EOS of the diffuse gas, including the bulk temperature and polytropic index, does not significantly affect the shape of the stellar mass spectrum. The presence of magnetic field slightly modifies the shape of the mass spectrum only when extreme values are applied.

Conclusions. This study confirms that the peak of the initial mass function is primarily determined by the adiabatic high-density end of the EOS that mimics the radiation inside the high-density gas. Furthermore, the shape of the mass spectrum is mostly sensitive to the density PDF and the magnetic field likely only a secondary role. In particular, we stress that the Jeans mass at the mean cloud density and at the critical density are not responsible for setting the peak.
The magnetic field structure in CTA 102 from high-resolution mm-VLBI observations during the flaring state in 2016–2017
Authors: Casadio Carolina , Marscher Alan P. , Jorstad Svetlana G. , Blinov Dmitry A. , MacDonald Nicholas R. , Krichbaum Thomas P. , Boccardi Biagina , Traianou Efthalia , Gómez José L. , Agudo Iván , Sohn Bong-Won , Bremer Michael , Hodgson Jeffrey , Kallunki Juha , Kim Jae-Young , Williamson Karen E. , Zensus J. Anton
Published: December 2018

Context. Investigating the magnetic field structure in the innermost regions of relativistic jets is fundamental to understanding the crucial physical processes giving rise to jet formation, as well as to their extraordinary radiation output up toγ-ray energies.

Aims. We study the magnetic field structure of the quasar CTA 102 with 3 and 7 mm VLBI polarimetric observations, reaching an unprecedented resolution (∼50μas). We also investigate the variability and physical processes occurring in the source during the observing period, which coincides with a very active state of the source over the entire electromagnetic spectrum.

Methods. We perform the Faraday rotation analysis using 3 and 7 mm data and we compare the obtained rotation measure (RM) map with the polarization evolution in 7 mm VLBA images. We study the kinematics and variability at 7 mm and infer the physical parameters associated with variability. From the analysis ofγ-ray and X-ray data, we compute a minimum Doppler factor value required to explain the observed high-energy emission.

Results. Faraday rotation analysis shows a gradient in RM with a maximum value of ∼6 × 104rad m−2and intrinsic electric vector position angles (EVPAs) oriented around the centroid of the core, suggesting the presence of large-scale helical magnetic fields. Such a magnetic field structure is also visible in 7 mm images when a new superluminal component is crossing the core region. The 7 mm EVPA orientation is different when the component is exiting the core or crossing a stationary feature at ∼0.1 mas. The interaction between the superluminal component and a recollimation shock at ∼0.1 mas could have triggered the multi-wavelength flares. The variability Doppler factor associated with such an interaction is large enough to explain the high-energy emission and the remarkable optical flare occurred very close in time.
A timeline for massive star-forming regions via combined observation of o-H2D+ and N2D+
Authors: Giannetti A. , Bovino S. , Caselli P. , Leurini S. , Schleicher D. R. G. , Körtgen B. , Menten K. M. , Pillai T. , Wyrowski F.
Published: December 2018

Context. In cold and dense gas prior to the formation of young stellar objects, heavy molecular species (including CO) are accreted onto dust grains. Under these conditions H3+ and its deuterated isotopologues become more abundant, enhancing the deuterium fraction of molecules such as N2H+ that are formed via ion-neutral reactions. Because this process is extremely temperature sensitive, the abundance of these species is likely linked to the evolutionary stage of the source.

Aims. We investigate how the abundances of o-H2D+ and N2D+ vary with evolution in high-mass clumps.

Methods. We observed with APEX the ground-state transitions of o-H2D+ near 372 GHz, and N2D+(3–2) near 231 GHz for three massive clumps in different evolutionary stages. The sources were selected within the G351.77–0.51 complex to minimise the variation of initial chemical conditions, and to remove distance effects. We modelled their dust continuum emission to estimate their physical properties, and also modelled their spectra under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium to calculate beam-averaged abundances.

Results. We find an anticorrelation between the abundance of o-H2D+ and that of N2D+, with the former decreasing and the latter increasing with evolution. With the new observations we are also able to provide a qualitative upper limit to the age of the youngest clump of about 105 yr, comparable to its current free-fall time.

Conclusions. We can explain the evolution of the two tracers with simple considerations on the chemical formation paths, depletion of heavy elements, and evaporation from the grains. We therefore propose that the joint observation and the relative abundance of o-H2D+ and N2D+ can act as an efficient tracer of the evolutionary stages of the star-formation process.
Thromboembolic Disorders during Pregnancy: Cardiologist Perspective
Authors: Hegde Anupama
Published: December 2018

The hematologic changes which occur during pregnancy make it a hypercoagulable state. Various factors such as hereditary thrombophilia, obesity, etc. increase the risk of venous thromboembolism in these patients. Though the prevalence is low, it can contribute to significant mortality and morbidity. Deep vein thrombosis is the most common type of venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism can sometimes be fatal. Various diagnostic modalities like compression duplex ultrasound of leg veins, echo, ventilation-perfusion scan, and computed tomographic pulmonary angiogram can help in diagnosis. Proper treatment can improve both maternal and fetal outcome.
Long-Term Cardiovascular Effects of Pregnancy-Related Disorders
Authors: Maddury Jyotsna , Achukatla Kumar
Published: December 2018

Usually, pregnancy-elated effects and changes in the different organs terminate after delivery or maybe within 6 months. Long-term effect of complicated pregnancies leading to long-term cardiovascular and other diseases was recognized long back. With the accumulating evidence with many landmark studies, it became mandatory to have pregnancy heart team approach not only to manage during pregnancy and peripartum period but also to monitor future events and educate the pregnant women about the modification of cardiovascular risks for prevention of anticipated events. In this review, more importance is given to risk-stratify these women with complicated pregnancy and recommendation to prevent the long-term effects.
Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy
Authors: Nemani Lalita
Published: December 2018

Hypertension in pregnancy is defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mm Hg or both on two different occasions at least 6 hours apart. Severe hypertension is SBP ≥ 160 mm Hg or DBP ≥ 110 mm Hg. Hypertension is the most common medical problem in pregnancy and one of the major causes of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) are classified as (1) chronic hypertension, (2) chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia, (3) preeclampsia-eclampsia, and (4) gestational hypertension. HDP contributes to increased risk of hypertension, stroke, and maternal cardiovascular disease (CVD) in later life. HDP can be considered as a failed cardiovascular stress test identifying women susceptible to CVD in later life. Further research is required to identify the mechanisms in HDP that contribute to CVD in later life so as to initiate appropriate prevention measures.
Conserved fungal effector suppresses PAMP-triggered immunity by targeting plant immune kinases
Authors: Irieda Hiroki , Inoue Yoshihiro , Mori Masashi , Yamada Kohji , Oshikawa Yuu , Saitoh Hiromasa , Uemura Aiko , Terauchi Ryohei , Kitakura Saeko , Kosaka Ayumi , Singkaravanit-Ogawa Suthitar , Takano Yoshitaka
Published: December 2018

Significance

Multiple effectors of bacterial pathogens target immune kinases such as BAK1 and BIK1, but it is unclear whether this strategy is employed by fungal pathogens. We reveal here that a fungal effector named NIS1 is broadly conserved in filamentous fungi in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, thus being regarded as a core effector, and has the ability to suppress PAMP-triggered immunity. Importantly, NIS1 targets BAK1 and BIK1, interfering with their essential functions for immune activation upon pathogen recognition. Multifaceted analyses including the knockout of
NIS1
revealed that it plays a critical role in fungal infection. These findings demonstrate that to infect host plants, filamentous fungi deploy a core effector that attacks conserved immune kinases critical for the ancestral defense system.
LAMP-2B regulates human cardiomyocyte function by mediating autophagosome–lysosome fusion
Authors: Chi Congwu , Leonard Andrea , Knight Walter E. , Beussman Kevin M. , Zhao Yuanbiao , Cao Yingqiong , Londono Pilar , Aune Ellis , Trembley Michael A. , Small Eric M. , Jeong Mark Y. , Walker Lori A. , Xu Hongyan , Sniadecki Nathan J. , Taylor Matthew R. , Buttrick Peter M. , Song Kunhua
Published: December 2018

Mutations in lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (
LAMP-2
) gene are associated with Danon disease, which often leads to cardiomyopathy/heart failure through poorly defined mechanisms. Here, we identify the LAMP-2 isoform B (LAMP-2B) as required for autophagosome–lysosome fusion in human cardiomyocytes (CMs). Remarkably, LAMP-2B functions independently of syntaxin 17 (STX17), a protein that is essential for autophagosome–lysosome fusion in non-CMs. Instead, LAMP-2B interacts with autophagy related 14 (ATG14) and vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 (VAMP8) through its C-terminal coiled coil domain (CCD) to promote autophagic fusion. CMs derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs) from Danon patients exhibit decreased colocalization between ATG14 and VAMP8, profound defects in autophagic fusion, as well as mitochondrial and contractile abnormalities. This phenotype was recapitulated by
LAMP-2B
knockout in non-Danon hiPSC-CMs. Finally, gene correction of
LAMP-2
mutation rescues the Danon phenotype. These findings reveal a STX17-independent autophagic fusion mechanism in human CMs, providing an explanation for cardiomyopathy in Danon patients and a foundation for targeting defective LAMP-2B–mediated autophagy to treat this patient population.
Crystal structure of the DENR-MCT-1 complex revealed zinc-binding site essential for heterodimer formation
Authors: Lomakin Ivan B. , Dmitriev Sergey E. , Steitz Thomas A.
Published: December 2018

The density-regulated protein (DENR) and the malignant T cell-amplified sequence 1 (MCT-1/MCTS1) oncoprotein support noncanonical translation initiation, promote translation reinitiation on a specific set of mRNAs with short upstream reading frames, and regulate ribosome recycling. DENR and MCT-1 form a heterodimer, which binds to the ribosome. We determined the crystal structure of the heterodimer formed by human MCT-1 and the N-terminal domain of DENR at 2.0-Å resolution. The structure of the heterodimer reveals atomic details of the mechanism of DENR and MCT-1 interaction. Four conserved cysteine residues of DENR (C34, C37, C44, C53) form a classical tetrahedral zinc ion-binding site, which preserves the structure of the DENR’s MCT-1–binding interface that is essential for the dimerization. Substitution of all four cysteines by alanine abolished a heterodimer formation. Our findings elucidate further the mechanism of regulation of DENR-MCT-1 activities in unconventional translation initiation, reinitiation, and recycling.
Small-scale urban agriculture results in high yields but requires judicious management of inputs to achieve sustainability
Authors: McDougall Robert , Kristiansen Paul , Rader Romina
Published: December 2018

Significance

Growing food in cities for human consumption could be one means of increasing global food supply in the face of rising population growth and global food security concerns. While previous studies have shown that urban agricultural systems are productive, few studies provide yield figures that incorporate data on the inputs used to achieve the outputs. Across 13 urban community gardens, we show that yields were nearly twice the yield of typical Australian commercial vegetable farms. However, economic and emergy (embodied energy) analyses indicated they were relatively inefficient in their use of material and labor resources. Balancing the sustainability of urban food production with the cost of inputs is important to determine the trade-offs required to achieve high yields.
Linear variational principle for Riemann mappings and discrete conformality
Authors: Dym Nadav , Slutsky Raz , Lipman Yaron
Published: December 2018

Significance

Computing conformal (angle-preserving) mappings between domains is a central task in discrete differential geometry, which has found many applications in morphology, medical imaging, computer graphics and vision, and related fields. In this paper we show that by choosing a suitable target domain, computing conformal mappings becomes a linear problem. As a result conformal mappings can be computed robustly and efficiently.
Cooperative subunit dynamics modulate p97 function
Authors: Huang Rui , Ripstein Zev A. , Rubinstein John L. , Kay Lewis E.
Published: December 2018

Significance

Mutations in the highly conserved hexameric p97 enzyme are associated with a series of diseases affecting muscle, bone, and brain, and have been linked to changes to the orientation of the N-terminal domain (NTD) in each p97 subunit. Although studies have focused on p97 constructs where all protomers are WT or all contain a disease-causing mutation, a strong body of evidence suggests that p97 molecules are heterogeneous, containing a mixture of these subunits in patients. We have used solution NMR to study such heterohexameric structures, showing that the NTD conformation of a disease mutant can be somewhat remedied by WT neighbors, leading to a partial restoration of interactions with adaptor molecules. The mechanism of this allosteric process is investigated.
miRNAs 484 and 210 regulate Pax-5 expression and function in breast cancer cells
Authors: Harquail Jason , LeBlanc Nicolas , Ouellette Rodney J , Robichaud Gilles A
Published: December 2018

Recent studies have enabled the identification of important factors regulating cancer progression, such as paired box gene 5 (Pax-5). This transcription factor has consistently been associated to B-cell cancer lesions and more recently solid tumors including breast carcinoma. Although Pax-5 downstream activity is relatively well characterized, aberrant Pax-5 expression in a cancer-specific context is poorly understood. To investigate the regulation of Pax-5 expression, we turned to micro RNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate key biological processes. Extensive studies show that miRNA deregulation is prevalent in cancer lesions. In this study, we aim to elucidate a causal link between differentially expressed miRNAs in cancer cells and their putative targeting of Pax-5-dependent cancer processes. Bioinformatic prediction tools indicate that miRNAs 484 and 210 are aberrantly expressed in breast cancer and predicted to target Pax-5 messenger RNA (mRNA). Through conditional modulation of these miRNAs in breast cancer cells, we demonstrate that miRNAs 484 and 210 inhibit Pax-5 expression and regulate Pax-5-associated cancer processes. In validation, we show that these effects are probably caused by direct miRNA/mRNA interaction, which are reversible by Pax-5 recombinant expression. Interestingly, miRNAs 484 and 210, which are both overexpressed in clinical tumor samples, are also modulated during epithelial–mesenchymal transitioning and hypoxia that correlate inversely to Pax-5 expression. This is the first study demonstrating the regulation of Pax-5 expression and function by non-coding RNAs. These findings will help us better understand Pax-5 aberrant expression within cancer cells, creating the possibility for more efficient diagnosis and treatments for cancer patients.
Atrial mechanics and their prognostic impact in Takotsubo syndrome: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Backhaus Sören J , Stiermaier Thomas , Lange Torben , Chiribiri Amedeo , Uhlig Johannes , Freund Anne , Kowallick Johannes T , Gertz Roman J , Bigalke Boris , Villa Adriana , Lotz Joachim , Hasenfuß Gerd , Thiele Holger , Eitel Ingo , Schuster Andreas
Published: December 2018

Aims

The exact pathophysiology of Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) remains not fully understood with most studies focussing on ventricular pathology. Since atrial involvement may have a significant role, we assessed the diagnostic and prognostic potential of atrial cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking (CMR-FT) in TTS.

Methods and results

This multicentre study recruited 152 TTS patients who underwent CMR on average within 3 days after hospitalization. Reservoir [total strain εs and peak positive strain rate (SR) SRs], conduit (passive strain εe and peak early negative SRe), and booster pump function (active strain εa and peak late negative SRa) were assessed in a core laboratory. Results were compared with 21 control patients with normal biventricular function. A total of 20 patients underwent follow-up CMR (median 3.5 months, interquartile range 3–5). All patients were approached for general follow-up. Left atrial (LA) but not right atrial (RA) reservoir and conduit function were impaired during the acute phase (εs: P = 0.043, εe: P < 0.001, SRe: P = 0.047 vs. controls) and recovered until follow-up (εs: P < 0.001, SRs: P = 0.04, εe: P = 0.001, SRe: P = 0.04). LA and RA booster pump function were increased in the acute setting (LA-εa: P = 0.045, SRa: P = 0.002 and RA-εa: P = 0.004, SRa: P = 0.002 vs. controls). LA-εs predicted mortality [hazard ratio 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.20; P = 0.037] irrespectively of established cardiovascular risk factors (P = 0.019, multivariate analysis) including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (area under the curve 0.71, 95% CI 0.55–0.86, P = 0.048).

Conclusion

TTS pathophysiology comprises transient impairments in LA reservoir and conduit functions and enhanced bi-atrial active booster pump functions. Atrial CMR-FT may evolve as a superior marker of adverse events over and above established parameters such as LVEF and atrial volume.
Does heart failure-specific health status identify patients with bothersome symptoms, depression, anxiety, and/or poorer spiritual well-being?
Authors: Flint Kelsey M , Fairclough Diane L , Spertus John A , Bekelman David B
Published: December 2018

Aims

Patients with heart failure often have under-recognized symptoms, depression, anxiety, and poorer spiritual well-being (‘QoL domains’). Ideally all patients should have heart failure-specific health status and quality of life (QoL) domains routinely evaluated; however, lack of time and resources are limiting in most clinical settings. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate whether heart failure-specific health status was associated with QoL domains and to identify a score warranting further evaluation of QoL domain deficits.

Methods and results

Participants (N = 314) enrolled in the Collaborative Care to Alleviate Symptoms and Adjust to Illness trial completed measures of heart failure-specific health status [Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, KCCQ (score 0–100, 0 = worst health status)], additional symptoms (Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), and spiritual well-being (Facit-Sp) at baseline. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) KCCQ score was 46.9 ± 19.3, mean age was 65.5 ± 11.4, and 79% were male. Prevalence of QoL domain deficits ranged from 11% (nausea) to 47% (depression). Sensitivity/specificity of KCCQ for each QoL domain ranged from 20–40%/80–96% for KCCQ ≤ 25, 61–84%/48–62% for KCCQ ≤ 50, 84–97%/26–40% for KCCQ ≤ 60, and 96–100%/8–13% for KCCQ ≤ 75. Patients with KCCQ ≤ 60 had mean ± SD 4.5 ± 2.5 QoL domain deficits (maximum 12), vs. 1.6 ± 1.6 for KCCQ > 60 (P < 0.001). Similar results were seen for KCCQ ≤25 (6.6 ± 2.4 vs. 3.3 ± 2.4), KCCQ ≤ 50 (4.8 ± 2.6 vs. 2.5 ± 2) and KCCQ ≤ 75 (4.0 ± 2.6 vs. 1.0 ± 1.2) (all P < 00001).

Conclusion

KCCQ ≤ 60 had good sensitivity for each QoL domain deficit and for patients with at least one QoL domain deficit. Screening for QoL domain deficits should target patients with lower KCCQ scores based on a clinic’s KCCQ score distribution and clinical resources for addressing QoL domain deficits.
MAV-clic: management, analysis, and visualization of clinical data
Authors: Ahmed Zeeshan , Kim Minjung , Liang Bruce T
Published: December 2018

Objectives

Develop a multifunctional analytics platform for efficient management and analysis of healthcare data.

Materials and Methods

Management, Analysis, and Visualization of Clinical Data (MAV-clic) is a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)-compliant framework based on the Butterfly Model. MAV-clic extracts, cleanses, and encrypts data then restructures and aggregates data in a deidentified format. A graphical user interface allows query, analysis, and visualization of clinical data.

Results

MAV-clic manages healthcare data for over 800 000 subjects at UConn Health. Three analytic capabilities of MAV-clic include: creating cohorts based on specific criteria; performing measurement analysis of subjects with a specific diagnosis and medication; and calculating measure outcomes of subjects over time.

Discussion

MAV-clic supports clinicians and healthcare analysts by efficiently stratifying subjects to understand specific scenarios and optimize decision making.

Conclusion

MAV-clic is founded on the scientific premise that to improve the quality and transition of healthcare, integrative platforms are necessary to analyze heterogeneous clinical, epidemiological, metabolomics, proteomics, and genomics data for precision medicine.
Detection for disease tipping points by landscape dynamic network biomarkers
Authors: Liu Xiaoping , Chang Xiao , Leng Siyang , Tang Hui , Aihara Kazuyuki , Chen Luonan
Published: December 2018

A new model-free method has been developed and termed the landscape dynamic network biomarker (l-DNB) methodology. The method is based on bifurcation theory, which can identify tipping points prior to serious disease deterioration using only single-sample omics data. Here, we show that l-DNB provides early-warning signals of disease deterioration on a single-sample basis and also detects critical genes or network biomarkers (i.e. DNB members) that promote the transition from normal to disease states. As a case study, l-DNB was used to predict severe influenza symptoms prior to the actual symptomatic appearance in influenza virus infections. The l-DNB approach was then also applied to three tumor disease datasets from the TCGA and was used to detect critical stages prior to tumor deterioration using an individual DNB for each patient. The individual DNBs were further used as individual biomarkers in the analysis of physiological data, which led to the identification of two biomarker types that were surprisingly effective in predicting the prognosis of tumors. The biomarkers can be considered as common biomarkers for cancer, wherein one indicates a poor prognosis and the other indicates a good prognosis.
Funding system reform for excellence in science: an interview with Jinghai Li, President of NSFC
Authors: Zhou Zhonghe , Zhao Weijie
Published: December 2018

The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) is the major funding agency for China's basic research in natural science. The total budget for NSFC was 26.7 billion Yuan (RMB) in 2017, accounting for 27% of China's total investment in basic research. In the past decades, continuous increases in the National Natural Science Fund and other funding programs provided strong support for the rapid growth in China's science and technology (S&T). In the second half of 2018, NSFC unveiled a deep reform plan that aims to build a fair, efficient and standardized new funding system that meets the demands of excellence in science in the twenty-first century in 5–10 years. Why did NSFC propose this reform? What are the major tasks of this reform? And how would NSFC implement this reform? All-in-all, this reform would not only have profound effect on S&T in China but also matters the world for the global collaborative efforts for the science. Recently, National Science Review had an exclusive interview with Jinghai Li, President of NSFC and Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, to learn his views and perspectives of the future of NSFC.
Effects of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed and red clover isoflavones on rumen microbial populations and physiological parameters of beef cattle1,2
Authors: Melchior Emily A , Smith Jason K , Schneider Liesel G , Mulliniks J Travis , Bates Gary E , Flythe Michael D , Klotz James L , Ji Huihua , Goodman Jack P , Lee Amanda R , Caldwell J Marc , Myer Phillip R
Published: December 2018

Lolium arundinaceum [(Darbyshire) tall fescue] toxicosis is responsible for substantial beef production losses in the United States, due to its negative effects on reproduction, growth, and feed efficiency. These effects are consequences of toxic alkaloids within tall fescue. Interseeding legumes, such as Trifolium pratense (red clover), into pastures has been shown to mitigate a portion of these effects. Clovers contain isoflavones, which may play a role in tall fescue toxicosis mitigation. The present study utilized 36 Angus steers to determine the effects of daily supplementation with a red clover-isolated isoflavone feed additive on physiological symptoms of tall fescue toxicosis and the rumen microbial environment over a 21-d period. Angus steers were initially stratified based upon their single nucleotide polymorphism genotype at the DRD2 receptor. Treatments were then randomly assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement within a completely randomized design, where treatment factors consisted of tall fescue seed type (endophyte-infected tall fescue seed vs. endophyte-free tall fescue seed) supplemented with and without the isoflavone additive. Steers that consumed endophyte-infected tall fescue seed had lower serum prolactin concentrations (P = 0.0007), average daily gain (ADG; P = 0.003), final body weight (BW; P = 0.004), and feed efficiency (P = 0.018) when compared with steers that consumed endophyte-free tall fescue seed. Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) tended to be reduced with supplementation of isoflavones (P = 0.06) but was unaffected by seed type (P ≥ 0.10) and seed by treatment interaction (P ≥ 0.10). Isoflavones reduced serum glucose levels (P = 0.023), but neither seed type, isoflavones, or their interaction affected serum urea nitrogen (SUN), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), or insulin (P ≥ 0.10). Volatile fatty acid concentrations, dry matter intake (DMI), ruminal pH, and overall feeding behaviors were also unaffected by seed type or isoflavone treatments (P ≥ 0.10). Twenty-eight ruminal bacteria taxa shifted as a result of seed type or isoflavone treatment (P < 0.05). In this experiment, feeding isoflavones to Angus cattle did not completely mitigate all symptoms of fescue toxicosis. However, dose–response trials may aid future research to determine if dietary supplementation with isoflavones alleviates fescue toxicosis symptoms and promotes livestock growth and performance.
The impact of “super-dosing” phytase in pig diets on growth performance during the nursery and grow-out periods1
Authors: Holloway Cassie L , Boyd R Dean , Koehler Dean , Gould Stacie A , Li Qingyun , Patience John F
Published: December 2018

Previous research indicates that “super-dosing” phytase may improve pig growth performance by improved nutrient use, although the benefits appear to be more consistent in nursery than in grow-out pigs. Therefore, two experiments were conducted to determine if performance could be improved by feeding phytase at super-dosed levels, and whether this response would be different if energy and amino acid (AA) were limiting. Experiment 1 involved 440 weaned pigs (6.27 ± 0.01 kg) in a factorial arrangement of treatments comparing the main effects of diet (positive control [PC] balanced for all nutrients vs. a negative control [NC]: 10% lower standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine with relative reduction of all other essential AA and 1% reduced fat) and phytase levels (0 vs. 2,500 FTU Quantum Blue 5G phytase/kg). Pigs were assigned to pen according to a randomized complete block design based on body weight (BW). Feed and water were provided ad libitum across four dietary phases: 3 × 1 wk plus 1 × 2 wk. The average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) were improved in the PC relative to the NC (P < 0.05) indicating success in formulating a diet limiting in energy and/or AA. Phytase improved ADG and G:F, regardless of diet composition (P < 0.05). Thus, super-dosing phytase improved nursery pig growth performance, irrespective of diet nutrient adequacy or deficit. Experiment 2 involved 2,200 growing pigs (36.6 ± 0.30 kg) allotted to five treatments: a balanced PC (250 FTU Quantum Blue 5G phytase/kg), an NC (PC with 15% less SID lysine and 1.5% lower net energy [NE]), and three super-dosing phytase treatments applied to the NC totaling 1,000, 1,750, and 2,500 FTU phytase/kg. Feed and water were available ad libitum. At trial completion (approximately 122 kg), the PC pigs were heavier and more efficient than the NC pigs (P < 0.05) indicating success in formulating an NC treatment. Super-dosing phytase had no effect on whole body ADG or average daily feed intake (P > 0.10) but tended to improve G:F and feed energy efficiency (P < 0.10). Super-dosing phytase improved carcass-based feed and feed energy efficiency (P < 0.05) and tended to improve ADG (P < 0.10). Supplying phytase at “super-dosed” levels—above that required to meet the phosphorus requirement—improved growth performance in nursery pigs (6 to 22 kg BW) and provided smaller benefits in grow-finish pigs (37 to 122 kg BW). The improvement during the nursery period was independent of energy and AA levels in the diet.
Serum C-Reactive Protein Levels in Healthy Neonates in Different Gestational and Postnatal Ages
Authors: Palanisamy Sudhakar , Dutta Sourabh , Attri Savita Verma , Sundaram Venkataseshan
Published: December 2018

There is paucity of normative data on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in neonates. In Part I of study, we compared CRP in healthy neonates (from 28°/7 weeks to 416/7 weeks of gestation) between various gestational and postnatal age groups in first week. We planned recruitment of 50 participants each in ‘term’, ‘late preterm’ and ‘moderate-to-very preterm’ groups, equally divided in ‘24–95 h’ and ‘96–168 h’ postnatal age sub-groups. In Part II of study, we assayed CRP weekly in moderate-to-very preterm neonates until day 28 to evaluate its trend. Among 154 subjects, term neonates had higher CRP, with highest values among term infants aged 24–95 h. Barring postnatal age, maternal/perinatal factors did not affect CRP levels. CRP did not change significantly over 28 days in moderate-to-very preterm neonates. In conclusion, serum CRP in healthy neonates is highest among term infants aged 24–95 h and does not vary significantly in the first month of life among moderate-to-very preterm infants.
Another Ebola Outbreak Provides an Occasion for Reflection
Authors: Cunningham Tim
Published: December 2018

Nurses can counter fear with a more humane, science-based response.
The Top News Stories of 2018: Health Care Policy Update: Destabilizing Moves Complicate Coverage Gains
Authors: Molyneux Jacob
Published: December 2018

The future of public and private plans depends on a confrontation with rising costs.
New Antibiotic Approved for Refractory Mycobacterium Avium Complex
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S.
Published: December 2018

Amikacin liposome inhalation suspension (Arikayce) is a newly approved aminoglycoside antibiotic for adults with refractory Mycobacterium avium complex.

The product is administered once daily using the Lamira Nebulizer System, which comes with the prescription. Patients need to be taught how to use this system.

Amikacin liposome inhalation suspension is associated with a number of respiratory adverse reactions.
Protecting Patients with Latex Allergies
Authors: Liberatore Kim
Published: December 2018

The Pennsylvania Patient Safety Reporting System is a confidential, statewide Internet reporting system to which all Pennsylvania hospitals, outpatient-surgery facilities, birthing centers, and abortion facilities must file information on incidents and serious events.

Safety Monitor is a column from Pennsylvania's Patient Safety Authority, the authority that informs nurses on issues that can affect patient safety and presents strategies they can easily integrate into practice. For more information on the authority, visit www.patientsafety.pa.gov. For the original article discussed in this column or for other articles on patient safety, click on “Advisories and Events” and then “Pennsylvania Patient Safety Advisory” in the top navigation menu.
Ernest Grant Breaks Barriers
Authors: Nelson Roxanne
Published: December 2018

AJN talks to the first male president of the American Nurses Association.