bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis of the Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Sperm Parameters
Authors: Chen Xi , Ding Jinli , Liu Miao , Xing Kai , Ye Peng , Min Junxia , Zhang Yan , Yin Tailang
Published: July 2022

Objective
. Several studies examined the putative effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on sperm parameters. However, the results remain controversial. In this study, we conducted the most up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on sperm quality in COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative male participants.
Method
. Seven databases were searched for literature released through June 10, 2022, containing estimates for the outcomes of interest. Using a random-effects model (REM) or a fixed-effects model (FEM), we analyzed the pooled results. The quality of all included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. In addition, we performed a quantitative and subgroup analysis of semen data across all included studies.
Results
. Fourteen studies were extracted from 10 publications, involving a total of 1174 participates for meta-analysis. Sperm parameters of 521 COVID-19 male patients and 653 controls were analyzed. In 8 case-control studies, the pooled mean difference (MD) of total sperm motility was -5.37% (95% confidence interval (CI): -8.47 to -2.28;

p
<
0.05

), suggesting that total motility was significantly impaired in male COVID-19 cases. Subgroup analysis showed a significant decrease in semen volume, sperm concentration, and total motility in 238 patients with a recovery time of less than 90 days. Moreover, in the other 6 included pre- to post-COVID-19 studies, the pooled MDs of sperm concentration, total sperm count, total motility, progressive motility, and normal morphology were

−
6.54
×
10

6
/ml (95% CI: -10.27 to -2.81;

p
<
0.05

),

−
38.89
×
10

6
(95% CI: -59.20 to -18.58;

p
<
0.05

), -7.21% (95% CI: -14.36 to -0.07;

p
<
0.05

), -5.12% (95% CI: -8.71 to -1.53;

p
<
0.05

), and -1.52% (95% CI: -2.88 to -0.16;

p
<
0.05

), respectively, which indicate SARS-CoV-2 infection significantly affected these five sperm parameters.
Conclusion
. Our results revealed that SARS-CoV-2 infection was significantly correlated with decreased sperm quality. Of six sperm parameters, total motility and sperm concentration were the most significantly decreased parameters. These results suggest a possible negative influence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on testicular function and male fertility. Given the potential detrimental effect of SARS-CoV-2 on semen quality, male reproductive health should be monitored closely in patients with COVID-19. This trial is registered with
CRD42021275823
.
FOREST FORMATION PROCESS IN EXTREMELY NARROW FOREST SHELTER BELT
Authors: Tunyakin Vladimir , Rybalkina Nataliya , Shenshin Leonid
Published: July 2022

In the last 30 years, hundreds of thousands of hectares of young shelterbelts in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of Russia were left without proper forest management, and their condition is deteriorating every year. Forest belts are losing their protective and ameliorative functions, while the degradation of agricultural landscapes under the pressure of intensive production continues. For the successful functioning of agricultural landscapes, the presence of forest components is necessary, as stated by the founder of Russian soil science, prof. V.V. Dokuchaev. The article reveals the process of evolution of the forest belt, consisting of a narrow chain of English oak biogroups into a full-fledged forest biocenosis. Forest elements are formed in the forest belt: forest edge, forest litter, self-sowing of oak, Norway maple, red leaved ash, pear, hawthorn and blackthorn. The unsatisfactory condition of 58-year-old oak trees grown per 1 m2 from two to twelve pieces without thinning has been analyzed. The authors came to the conclusion that Yu. Odum's theory of "mutual assistance" among individuals of a biogroup is valid only at the initial period of development of a single plant of a biogroup, after which competition begins. To obtain a viable biogroup, it is necessary to regulate the number of plants, in this case, oak trees. The process of regulation should be started from the moment of closing the crowns in the biogroup
RESULTS OF THE STUDIES OF BRANCH CUTTING PROCESS USING A ROTOR WITH ARTICULATED AND RIGIDLY INSTALLED BLADES
Authors: Drapalyuk Mikhail , Bukhtoyarov Leonid , Prokudina Anastasiya
Published: July 2022

An important technological operation in the care of forest crops is mechanized cutting of branches of unwanted vegetation. The working bodies used for cutting differ in design and energy costs for the cutting process. It is necessary to develop a methodology and conduct experimental studies of the process of cutting branches to select the working bodies to the greatest extent corresponding to the object of cutting. At present, systems based on strain gauges are widely used for the experimental study of machine parameters. However, along with them, digital interface is increasingly being introduced into measuring instruments such as oscilloscopes and multimeters. When studying the process of cutting branches with a rotor driven by an electric motor, the cutting resistance forces will create a torque on the shaft, which will lead to a change in the consumed current. The change in current strength can be measured with a multimeter, which enables to set the power indicators of the cutting process for the investigated rotors. In the work, a 3D model of rotors with rigidly mounted and hinged blades was developed using reverse engineering with the help of Solidworks CAD. The main geometric and mass characteristics of the rotors have been determined. The principle of connecting the measuring equipment (UNI-T 61E multimeter and shunt 75SHIP1-5-0.5) for measuring the cutting power of branches has been developed. Experimental studies have been carried out and differences in the power indicators of cutting for two types of working bodies have been established
The Status of Women as Shown in ‘Kalikkaattu Idhikaasam’
Authors: A Muniyandi
Published: July 2022

Kallikkaadu is a part of Tamil Nadu. Epic means that it has happened. Novelist Vairamuthu says that the ‘Kallikkaatu Idhikaasam’ certainly took place in the middle of the twentieth century and that it was the epic of a citizen, who is a part of the society. Migration is the process of moving from one country to another, from one state to another, from one city to another, and from one town to another. Among them is the ‘Kalikkaattu Idhikaasam’ which is said to be migrating from one town to another. Vairamuthu's ‘Kallikkaattu Idhikaasam’ has bagged Sahitya Akademi Award in 2003.  The protagonist is Peyathevar, and his wife-Alagammal, who live on land depending solely on the soil. They get their eldest daughter, Sellathai, remarried to Ochakkaalai when she returns home as a widow with a son, Mokkarasu after a year of her married life. And also, the second daughter, Minnalu, came back to her father’s home after the cruelty of dowry abuse. She is married and becomes the mother of a baby girl. At that time she comes to her father's house with her child because her husband had killed Karuthak Kannan and went to jail. Peyathevar's young age girlfriend is Murugayi. She also lost her husband, father, and mother when she got married. Peyathevar makes her also stays with him with the mindset of a mother. The government chooses this site as the best place to build a dam and ordered the evacuation of twelve villagers. The government expelled the people no matter how much the people opposed them. In this, the depressed Peyathevar suffers greatly. All the people moved away with their belongings. Peyathevar loads all his belongings in the cart and drowns in the water, not wanting to leave the soil. Furthermore, the researcher has thoroughly researched his study with ample supporting evidence about the status of women shown in ‘Kalikkaattu Idhikaasam’ and elaborated on it in detail and clearly.
Feminist Issues in the Novel ‘Maanickam’
Authors: M Pathma
Published: July 2022

The basic principle of feminism is that women should have equal rights with men, regardless of gender, at all levels of society. The idea that feminism is the opposition to men is prevalent in society. In fact, the main purpose of feminism is to liberate women who have been enslaved, tortured, and oppressed over time and to give them equal value in society. Feminism includes all the various sufferings, problems, and solutions that a woman faces in her life, from birth to death. The word ‘feminism’ may be used to mean that a woman is equal to a man in every aspect. From that day to this day, women, though mostly respected in society, are sometimes thrown into the dust by social circumstances. Women are lagging behind in education, employment, the economy, etc. Every author, with the goal of improving women's society, addresses women-oriented social and community-based issues in their novels. On that basis that all women in the community must progress and live with vigilance, through her novel 'Manickam', S.Tamilselvi has exposed the social problems in the lives of women, the problems caused by the husband's suspicion, the problems in getting an education; and the problems faced by women because of other women. In addition, she has raised awareness about how women should recover from such issues. Furthermore, in her work, she has created feminine characters by perpetuating many concepts that are unique and stable for women, such as chastity, love, marriage, education, and poverty.
Community Issues in the Novel ‘Neerthuli’ (Water Droplet)
Authors: S Murugavel
Published: July 2022

Neerthuli  (2011) is one of the novels written by the creator Subramanian. The book won the 2012 Jayakanthan Creative Literary Award as the Best Novel. The purpose of this article is to explore the social issues documented in this book. Living in a modern living environment, Subramaniam takes a keen interest in the life revolves around himself and shapes it through his natural language. The world he sees is the one with full of changes. Therefore, his works are also innovative. It is a characteristic that is humbly expressed in the purpose of symbolizing the inevitable pulling event of the disintegration of the family structure that has been defined and preserved over time. Expressing the new way of life problem of "living together" with the most precise mindsets and movements with artistic elegance reveals a different nature of the writing of the creator Subramanian. The ‘Neerthuli’ novel accurately reveals the difficulties of living together with an unmarried young man and a distressed woman who is forced into a new environment after a divorce. The novel's fundamental problem is the life problems of two immigrants who are trying to find a new way of life. Set against the backdrop of a new environment, it embodies the lives of migrated human beings with its dynamic properties. This novel confronts the predicament faced in a woman's life in which she is tortured by her husband, mentally and physically without approving the divorce. Moreover, the novel did not fail to point out the atrocities suffered by the workers. He has recorded the dominance of employers in the workplace, labor exploitation and oppression. He has recorded ecology as one of the problems that is to be looked at in today's environment. He also talked about ecological issues that include water pollution, land pollution, air pollution, and pollution caused by the use of plastics.
Psychological Characteristic Expressions of Different Human Beings as Shown in the Collection of Short Stories ‘Appa Vaasam’
Authors: R Surya
Published: July 2022

The literary form of the short story is one of the most creative literary forms in today's literary world. The short story is the most appropriate literary form that is very easy to explore social issues. The short story format is optimal for recording thoughts like characteristics, behaviors, feelings, psychology, etc of an individual. In that aspect, Meenasunder's short story collection 'Appavasam' registers several community-based issues. In these community-oriented stories, much space is given to individual feelings. It gives prominence to individual sense and behavioral characteristics. It refers to individual psychological messages as well. In this way, the study sets out to record the traits and qualities of human beings that are manifested due to human mental perceptions in the collection of short stories ‘Appa Vaasam’ based on diverse research sites. On behalf of the Adithravidar Welfare Department of the Government of Tamil Nadu, under the Arts and Culture Division, the work was selected as the best work of the year 2010 and awarded the prize-winning work.
Silicon, Its Forms and Methods of Determination in Water Bodies: A Review
Authors: Kamenetskaya Daria B.
Published: July 2022

Background: Characteristics of silicon and its compounds found in water bodies and recently updated standards for their content in drinking water regulated by Russian Sanitary Rules and Norms SanPiN 2.1.4.3685–21, Hygienic standards and re- quirements for ensuring safety and/or harmlessness of environmental factors for humans, necessitate optimal and affordable methods of determination of silicon for drinking water quality control purposes.
Objective: To summarize published data on the forms of silicon and methods of their quantitative determination in source and drinking water.
Materials and methods: Information and analytical methods based on summarization and analysis of data of scientific papers published in 1923–2020 and cited by Scopus and RSCI international scientometric databases were applied. The search terms
included silicon, drinking water, silicon compounds, and methods of quantitative determination. The initial sample consist- ed of 57 articles, of which 14 were excluded after primary screening and 43 publications compliant with selection criteria
were reviewed.
Results: Published data summarization has demonstrated the prevalence monomeric and dimeric species of silicic acid and soluble silicate ions in most water bodies.
Conclusion: The silicomolybdic acid spectrophotometry is the method of choice for determination of silicon concentrations in source water.
Oportunizando envolvimento e desenvolvimento científico na graduação em Medicina
Authors: Bachur Tatiana Paschoalette Rodrigues , Sousa Milena Nunes Alves de
Published: July 2022

A pesquisa é um importante pilar na formação dos estudantes do ensino superior, mas seu desenvolvimento mostra-se desafiador entre acadêmicos de Medicina. Assim, objetivou-se apresentar as experiências positivas de duas docentes de instituições de ensino médico, uma do setor privado e outra do público, em ações direcionadas ao desenvolvimento da aptidão científica de estudantes universitários de cursos médicos, em contextos curricular e extracurricular. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-qualitativo que relata a experiência das docentes com graduandos de Medicina entre 2016-2021. Em ambas as instituições, está sendo oportunizado o desenvolvimento científico dos acadêmicos, com o nível de produção e publicação desses estudantes variando entre 80-100% de aproveitamento, um forte indicador da presença de comunicação científica nos cursos. Salienta-se a importância do incentivo, da orientação e do acompanhamento docente eficiente como motivadores dos graduandos para a atuação e o interesse em pesquisas e produção acadêmico-científica para além da obrigatoriedade curricular.
Pengaruh waktu pemanenan sorgum Samurai 1 ratun ke 1 terhadap berat segar, kadar bahan kering, dan protein kasar sebagai pakan ruminansia
Authors: Pelealu F.R. , Waani M.R , Tuturoong R.A.V. , Malalantang S.S.
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berat segar, kadar bahan kering (BK), kadar protein kasar (PK) sorgum Samurai 1 ratun 1 pada fase panen yang berbeda. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 7 ulangan. Bahan yang digunakan antara lain tanaman sorgum yang di panen pada saat tanaman sorgum telah memasuki fase berbunga, fase soft dough dan fase hard dough. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini adalah : F1 = Pemanenan pada fase berbunga, F2 = Pemanenan pada fase berbiji hijau/ soft dough, F3 = Pemanenan pada fase berbiji coklat/hard dough. Hasil analisis keragaman menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap berat segar, kadar bahan kering (BK) dan kadar protein kasar (PK) sorgum  Samurai 1. Uji BNJ menunjukkan bahwa pemanenan fase hard dough (F3) menghasilkan berat segar dan  bahan kering (BK) yang sangat nyata (P<0,01) lebih tinggi dari fase soft dough (F2) dan fase berbunga (F1). Fase soft dough (F2) sangat nyata (P<0,01) lebih tinggi dari fase berbunga (F1), sedangkan kadar protein kasar F1 sangat nyata (P<0,01) lebih tinggi dari F2 dan F3. Perlakuan F2 sangat nyata (P<0,01) lebih tinggi dari F3. Berdasarkan hasil penellitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemanenan sorgum Samurai 1 ratun ke 1 sebagai pakan ruminansia pada fase hard dough menghasilkan berat segar dan kadar bahan kering tertinggi sedangkan kadar protein kasar terendah. Kadar protein tertinggi dihasilkan pada fase berbunga namun kadar bahan keringnya terendah. Waktu panen sorgum Samurai 1 ratun ke 1 yang optimal untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bahan kering ternak ruminansia adalah pada fase hard dough. Kata kunci: Sorgum Samurai 1 ratun ke 1, berat segar, kadar bahan kering, kadar protein kasar
Pengaruh lama ensilase terhadap kandungan bahan kering (BK), bahan organik (BO), protein kasar (PK) sorgum varietas pahat ratun ke-1 sebagai pakan ruminansia
Authors: Balo E.F.S. , Pendong A.F. , Tuturoong R.A.V. , Waani M.R. , Malalantang S.S.
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama ensilase yang berbeda terhadap kadar bahan kering (BK), kadar bahan organik (BO), kadar protein kasar (PK) silase sorgum varietas Pahat. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 7 ulangan.  Materi yang digunakan adalah hijauan sorgum yang dipanen pada umur 70 hari terdiri dari batang, daun, dan malai. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini adalah : (R1) lama penyimpanan 3 minggu, (R2) lama penyimpanan 5 minggu, (R3) lama penyimpanan 7 minggu. Hasil analisis keragaman menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan lama penyimpanan memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap kadar bahan kering, kadar bahan organik, kadar  protein kasar silase sorgum varietas Pahat. Uji beda nyata jujur (BNJ) menunjukkan bahwa lama penyimpanan 3  minggu (R1) menghasilkan  kadar  bahan  kering yang tidak berbeda dengan lama penyimpanan 5 minggu (R3) dan nyata lebih rendah dari lama penyimpanan 7 minggu. Sedangkan kadar bahan organik dan protein kasar pada lama penyimpanan 3 minggu nyata lebih rendah dari lama penyimpanan 5 minggu dan 7 minggu. Lama penyimpanan 5 minggu menghasilkan kadar bahan kering, bahan organik dan protein kasar yang nyata lebih rendah dari lama penyimpanan 7 minggu. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan lama ensilase meningkatkan kandungan bahan kering, bahan organik, dan protein kasar sorgum varietas pahat  ratun ke-1 sebagai pakan ruminansia. Kadar bahan kering, bahan organik, dan protein kasar tertinggi pada lama penyimpanan 7 minggu.Kata Kunci : sorgum, silase, lama pemeraman, bahan kering, bahan organik, protein kasar
Evaluasi sistem pemeliharaan tradisional terhadap pemenuhan kebutuhan bahan kering dan bahan organik pada sapi peranakan ongole di Kecamatan Bolangitang Barat
Authors: Yunus Y.I.A.P. , Pendong A.F. , Tulung Y.L.R. , Rahasia C.A.
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi sistem pemeliharaan tradisional terhadap pemenuhan kebutuhan pakan sapi potong peranakan ongole (PO) dalam menunjang produktivitasnya. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Bolangitang Barat Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow utara pada bulan Juni 2021. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan sampel 20 ekor sapi PO berumur antara 2 – 4 tahun. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif komparatif dengan pendekatan secara kuantitatif, dimana data-data pengamatan yang diperoleh, dianalisis secara statistik deskriptif. Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah bobot badan ternak sapi PO, jumlah konsimsi bahan kering dan jumlah konsumsi bahan organik ternak sapi PO. Bobot badan ternak sapi peranakan ongole di Kecamatan Bolangitang Barat berkisar antara 219,04 – 408,04 kg dengan rerata 306,66 kg. Jumlah konsumsi rerata hijauan rumput segar sapi P0 adalah 31,63 kg/ekor/hari, sementara rerata konsumsi BK dan BO dari rumput lapang, yaitu secara berurutan 7,93 dan 6,92 kg/ekor/hari. Tingkat pemenuhan kebutuhan bahan kering sapi PO diperoleh 102,61% dari standar kebutuhan BK sebesar 7,72 kg/ekor/hari. Dapat disimpulkan, bahwa sistem pemeliharaan tradisional berbasis rumput lapang di Kecamatan Bolangitang Barat Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Utara, ternyata mampu mencukupi kebutuhan bahan kering ternak sapi PO.Kata Kunci: Sapi potong peranakan Ongole, bahan kering, bahan organic
Kajian keragaman genetik sapi lokal campuran untuk penguatan peternakan sapi potong di Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Paputungan U. , Utiah W. , Turangan S. , Pudjihastuti E.
Published: July 2022

Faktor genetik pada pewarisan bobot hidup ternak adalah nilai pemuliaan,  deviasi dominansi dan heritabilitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi komponen genotipe nilai pemuliaan dan deviasi dominansi bobot hidup serta heritabilitasnya pada sapi Peranakan Ongole dan Lokal. Total 74 induk sapi generasi awal (G0), dan 104 induk generasi 1 (G1) dari pejantan sapi Ongole dianalisis kontribusi genetik. Lokus gen sapi Ongole (gen O) dan gen sapi Lokal (gen L) hasil pengukuran bobot hidup ternak genotipe OO, LL dan LO dianalisis melalui komponen nilai pemuliaan dan deviasi dominan gen. Program statistik Excel XP digunakan menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata populasi tetua (µ) bobot hidup ternak (G0) adalah 340,01 ± 6,12 kg. Sedangkan rara-rata populasi (µ1) bobot hidup ternak generasi keturunan (G1) adalah 359,60 ± 5,67 kg, dengan respon seleksi (∆µ) sebesar 19,59 kg. Komponen genotipe homozigot OO dan LL sangat didominasi oleh aksi gen aditif dengan nilai pemuliaan lebih tinggi untuk bobot hidup daripada aksi gen deviasi dominan. Genotipe heterozigot LO didominasi pula oleh aksi gen deviasi dominan yang lebih rendah daripada aksi gen aditif. Heritabilitas (h2) bobot hidup sapi sebagai aksi gen aditif adalah 0,66 dengan kategori tinggi, sedangkan aksi gen dominan () adalah sebesar 0,33 yang dikategorikan heritabilitas sedang.Kata Kunci: Nilai pemuliaan, aksi gen dominan, bobot hidup, sapi Campuran Lokal-Ongole
Sifat organoleptik burger campuran restrukturisasi daging babi ras dan babi hutan
Authors: Mansa N. , Ransaleleh T.A. , Ratulangi F.S. , Rotinsulu M.D.
Published: July 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat kesukaan konsumen pada burger campuran restrukturisasi daging babi ras dan babi hutan. Percobaan ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), dengan formulasi perlakuan sebagai berikut : R0: 250 g daging babi ras, R1: 200 g daging babi ras dan 50 g daging babi hutan, R2: 150 g daging babi ras dan 100 g daging babi hutan, R3 : 100 g daging babi ras dan 150 daging babi hutan, R4: 50 g daging babi ras dan 200 g daging babi hutan, R5: 250 daging babi hutan dan dinilai oleh 35 panelis sebagai ulangan. Pengukuran data organoleptik menggunakan skala hedonik yang terdiri dari variabel warna, aroma, tekstur, citarasa. Hasil penelitian  menunjukan bahwa perlakuan tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap warna, aroma, tekstur, citarasa, burger daging babi ras dan babi hutan. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerimaan panelis secara organoleptik adalah sama terhadap burger campuran restrukturisasi daging babi ras dan babi hutan.Kata Kunci: Burger, daging babi, sifat organoleptic
BASIC DENSITY AND SCALING OF JUVENILE AND MATURE WOOD IN PINUS CARIBAEA TREES
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Monte Carmelo, MG, 38500-000, Brazil, ZANUNCIO ANTONIO JOSÉ VINHA , LOPES POSSATO ERNANI ,   Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil, GUIMARÃES CARVALHO AMÉLIA ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Monte Carmelo, MG, 38500-000, Brazil, PEREIRA LOPES OLÍVIA ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Monte Carmelo, MG, 38500-000, Brazil, DE CASTRO VINÍCIUS RESENDE ,   Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
Published: July 2022

"The objective of the present study was to evaluate the density, and delimit the transition age and the volume proportion of wood types in Pinus caribaea trees. Trees from two genetic materials (A and B) were selected from a 20-year-old P. caribaea plantation. Disks from the base were used to determine the age of wood segregation and disks from different axial position – to determine the basic density and volume of juvenile, transition and mature wood in the trees. The density of the wood decreased from the base to the tree top. The juvenile wood corresponded to the beginning of the cambium activity until the eighth ring, the rest being characterized as transition wood and no mature wood was found in the 20-year-old P. caribaea trees. The proportion of juvenile wood volume in the genetic materials A and B was 58.57% and 80.51%. Transition wood was found up to 17.3 meters height of the trees."
"LABORATORY SCALE PRODUCTION OF HYDROXYPROPYLMETHYLCELLULOSE (HPMC) IN A GAS-TIGHT REACTOR UNDER PRESSURE AND ITS APPLICATION IN CEMENT PASTE"
Authors:   Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey, TURK MURAT , DOLAZ MUSTAFA ,   Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
Published: July 2022

"Unfortunately, cellulose, which is the most abundant of natural polysaccharides in the world, and is found in high amounts in cotton and the waste/by-products of textile factories, cannot be recycled sufficiently. As an attempt to find a solution to this problem, in this study, a by-product of the towel production process, called “towel clippings” (TC), was used as a source of cellulose for obtaining HPMC. HPMC was synthesized for the first time from the reaction of cellulose, propylene oxide (PO) and chloromethane (CM) under pressure in a gas-tight laboratory scale reactor and then evaluated as an additive in cement paste. The HPMC was characterized by 1H(13C)-NMR, FT-IR, XRD, DTA/TGA and SEM techniques. Additionally, the DS values were determined using the 13C-NMR technique. The highest viscosity was obtained as 2740 cP in HPMC-5 with the highest DS value of 2.86. While the setting time of the standard cement paste, without any additives, started at the 140th minute and was completed at the 250th minute, with the addition of 0.5 grams of HPMC-1 to the cement paste, the starting time was extended by 180 minutes and the finishing time was extended by 260 minutes. In this way, it has been seen that problems such as low slip resistance and low setting time of cement paste, as well as negative effects caused by working conditions, will be avoided."
"ENHANCEMENT OF ANTIBACTERIAL AND WATER ABSORPTION PROPERTIES OF WOOD PULP BY GAMMA RADIATION INDUCED GRAFTING WITH QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT FOR APPLICATION IN HYGIENE PRODUCTS"
Authors:   Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, 19, University Road, Delhi-110007, India, PAL SUBRATA , RAI BHUVNESHWAR ,   Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, 19, University Road, Delhi-110007, India, KUMAR TYAGI AJAY ,   Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, 19, University Road, Delhi-110007, India, RATTAN SUNITA ,   Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, AIAS, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida-201303, Uttar Pradesh, India, KUMAR VIRENDRA ,   Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, India
Published: July 2022

"The present work reported the enhancement of antibacterial and water absorption properties of mutually grafted wood pulp with quaternary ammonium-based salts containing 3-acrylamidopropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (APTAC) monomer induced by gamma radiation. Grafting was qualitatively confirmed by FTIR-ATR, TGA, SEM and quantified by calculating the grafting yield and the grafting efficiency. The performance was examined for water absorbency and antibacterial efficacy (R) against gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) and and gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The results showed that water absorption, grafting yield and grafting efficiency increased steadily with the increase in monomer concentration and absorbed gamma radiation dose up to a certain level, followed by either slowing down or leveling off the increasing trend. The water absorption and antibacterial activity of grafted wood pulp was found to be substantially enhanced compared to its pristine counterpart, showing a remarkable 357% increase in water absorption and four-log cycle decrease in the number of living bacteria after 24 hours of incubation."
"EFFECTS OF SURFACTANT APPLICATION ON ACACIA HYBRID KRAFT PULP PROPERTIES"
Authors:   ", KATHOMDANI PUTRI DWI SAKTI ,   Department of Forest Product Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, Indonesia", MARSOEM SRI NUGROHO ,   "Department of Forest Product Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, Indonesia", SUNARTI SRI ,   "Research Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Garden and Forestry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia", NIRSATMANTO ARIF ,   "Research Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Garden and Forestry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia"
Published: July 2022

"Acacia hybrid kraft pulping, with the addition of different non-ionic commercial surfactants, as well as its subsequent elemental chlorine free (ECF) bleaching, was studied. The characteristics of bleachable pulps made by conventional kraft and by kraft-surfactant pulping methods were investigated. The results revealed that the type and dosage of the surfactants during the production of Acacia hybrid kraft pulp had no significant influence on the kappa number, screen yield, and reject. On the other hand, the extractive content and brightness of Acacia hybrid bleached kraft pulp were considerably affected by the types and dosages of surfactants used. The addition of 0.1% LAE (linear alcohol ethoxylate) on oven-dried chips lowered the extractive content by 58.20%, whereas 0.125% PEG (polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids mixed with block copolymer of ethylene oxide with propylene oxide) on oven-dried chips reduced the brightness by 2.78%. Furthermore, the addition of surfactants had no discernible effect on the specks of dirt."
Manajemen Eksternal Stakeholders Dalam Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan
Authors: Mukhlis Mukhlis
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana manajemen eksternal stakeholders dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Buntok Kabupaten Barito Selatan, baik dari aspek perencanaannya, pengorganisasiannya, pelaksanaannya dan pengawasannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis metode penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan (1) Wawancara, (2) Observasi, (3) Dokumentasi, selanjutnya data dianalisis dengan analisis SWOT untuk mengetahui peluang yang dapat diketahui untuk waktu yang akan datang, disamping untuk memahami semua kekuatan, kelemahan, ancaman dan peluang yang dihadapi. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa manajemen eksternal stakeholders dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan di MTs Negeri Buntok Kabupaten Barito Selatan memiliki beberapa aspek : (1) Perencanaan, yaitu memiliki perencanaan yang realistis dan sistematis dalam melibatkan pihak eksternal stakeholders, (2) Pengorganisasian, yaitu mempunyai wadah pengorganisasian yang memungkinkan dalam melibatkan pihak eksternal stakeholders dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan, (3) pelaksanaan, yaitu memiliki dua langkah strategis yang digunakan untuk menggerakkan dan mendorong pihak eksternal stakeholders agar bisa terlibat dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan di MTs Negeri Buntok, yaitu dengan pendekatan bahasa agama dan pendekatan mutu dan (4) Aspek pengawasan (Controlling), proses pengawasan di MTs Negeri Buntok ini dilakukan dengan dua cara, yaitu pertama, dengan observasi langsung yang dilakukan oleh pimpinan madrasah tanpa memberi tahu sebelumnya, dan yang kedua adalah dengan pengawasan tidak langsung, yaitu pimpinan madrasah di MTs Negeri Buntok menginstruksikan staf-stafnya atau orang-orang tertentu untuk memberikan laporan terhadap pelaksanaan perogram yang telah direncanakan.
PP 48 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG PERUBAHAN SEBELUMNYA TENTANG PNBP DEPAG DITINJAU MASLAHAH
Authors: Juryati Siti , Amda Ahmad Dibul , Edyar Busman
Published: July 2022

Permasalahan utama penelitian ini adanya perubahan ketentuan PP Nomor 48 Tahun 2014 menjadi PP Nomor 47 Tahun 2004 Tentang PNBP apakah perubahan peraturan ini sejalan dengan maslahah. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian library research, sumber data diperoleh dari literature kepustakaan. Data penelitian ini dihimpun dengan menggunakan pendekatan normatif adapun metodenya adalah tehnik analisis deskriptif. Penelitian ini menemukan dua hal yaitu terdapat perubahan biaya nikah yang dilakukan diluar KUA atau diluar hari jam kerja dikenakan biaya nikah yang dilakukan diluar KUA atau diluar hari jam kerja dikenakan biaya pencatatan nikah sebesar enam ratus ribu rupiah sedangkan untuk pernikahan yang dilakukan di KUA dikenakan tarif nol rupiah ini juga berlaku bagi warga negara yang tidak mampu baik dari ekonomi maupun korban bencana alam. Analisis maslahah dari segi nash perubahan peraturan sejalan dengan kaidah meraih kemaslahatan dan menolak kemafsadatan, dari sisi kehadiran menurut ketentuan hukum Islam perubahan ini terdapat banyak maslahahnya karena dilihat dari alasan perubahan untuk peningkatan pelayanan pencatatan nikah, menghilangkan ketidaklayakan pelayanan pencatatan nikah serta profesi yang membutuhkan profesionalitas serta pengalaman yang mendalam serta terhindar dari tindakan gratifikasi dan dari segi maksud usaha mencari dan menetapkan hukum maka dikategorikan maslahah dengan tujuan memelihara jiwa, memelihara harta dan memelihara keturunan.
لفظ الإقرار عن بحث إقامة الحدود
Authors: Rosyadi Sofiah , Qomariyah Lailatul , Nafi'i Wildan
Published: July 2022

الملخص

الإقرار هو واحد من طرائق لإثبات الجريمة الحدود الشريعة الإسلامية التي جاءت مراعة للمصالح ومحافظة للضروريات الخمس في مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية، وجهل كثير من الناس بحجية الإقرار في العقوبات الحدية. وأهداف من هذا البحث هي الحاجة إلى معرفة أركان الإقرار وشروطه وما أثره وصوره في إثبات الحق. استخدمت الباحثة منهج البحث المكتبي (library research) بمدخل البحث الكيفي، واستخدمت أسلوب تحليل المضمون في اسلوب تحليل البيانات. ومن نتائج البحث: أن لفظ الإقرار في الإثبات تتوقف على توفر أركانه وشروطه فإذا نقص من ذلك فلا يثبت على حكم الحدود، والإقرار في إقامة الحدود يبين على حكم الإقرار والرجوع عنه. بأن لفظ الإقرار لا يجب قرره في حد الزنا وقطع الطريق بل يسن الستر بخلاف حد القذف مستحب أن يقر بل يجب، والإقرار في إقامة الحدود يكفي مرة واحدة لإثبات ما يترتب عليه، وحكم الرجوع عن الإقرار بالزنا مقبول، بخلاف الرجوع عن الإقرار بحد القذف فلا يصح الرجوع، وأما الرجوع في حد قطع الطريق قولان والصحيح أنه يقبل عند المذهب الشافعي.

Abstrak

Iqrar (pengakuan) adalah salah satu cara untuk membuktikan kejahatan hukuman hadud dalam hukum Islam، yang datang dengan memperhatikan kepentingan dan menjaga lima kebutuhan tujuan hukum Islam، dan banyak orang yang mengabaikan otoritas pengakuan dalam hukum Islam pada kewajiban hukuman had. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah perlunya mengetahui rukun dan syarat pengakuan serta dampaknya dalam cara menegakkan kebenaran. Peneliti menggunakan metode library research dalam pendekatan penelitian kualitatif، dan peneliti menggunakan metode analisis isi (conten analysis) dalam metode analisis data. Diantara hasil penelitiannya:lafadz Iqrar(pengakuan) dalam pembuktian tergantung pada tersedianya rukun-rukun dan syarat-syaratnya، jika hilang dari itu maka tidak terbukti dalam hukum syariat، dan pengakuan dalam penetapan ambang batas menunjukkan penilaian Iqrar dan Rujuk(pembalikan) dari iqrar itu. Bahwa Iqrar tidak wajib diutarakan dalam had zina dan perampok، tetapi disunnahkan untuk menutupinya، berbeda dengan had penuduh zina sebaiknya ia mengaku(beriqrar) bahkan harus، dan pengakuan dalam menetapkan Hukuman hadd cukuplah satu kali untuk membuktikan akibatnya، dan hukum mencabut pengakuan zina hukumnya boleh(diterima)، berbeda dengan mencabut pengakuannya dari iqrar had fitnah(menuduh zina)، tidak dibenarkan jika  kembali(rujuk)، dan adapun rujuk dalam kasus perampokan، ada dua pendapat، dan pendapat yang benar adalah diterima menurut mazhab Syafi'i.
PANIKOS SUTRIKIMAS: EPIDEMIOLOGIJA, PATOFIZIOLOGIJA BEI KLINIKINIAI SIMPTOMAI
Authors: Čiuplinskas Martynas
Published: July 2022

Panikos sutrikimo paplitimas yra apie 1,8 procento nuo bendrosios populiacijos. Panikos sutrikimas vidutiniš­kai prasideda apie 24 gyvenimo metus ir yra dvigubai dažnesnis moterims. Panikos sutrikimu sergantiems pa­cientams būdingas komorbidiškumas kitomis psichiatri­nėmis ligomis, iš kurių dažniausia – depresija. Panikos sutrikimo patogenezė nusakoma streso-diatezės modeliu: egzistuoja panikos sutrikimo predispozicija, kurią gali iš­provokuoti stresogeninis veiksnys. Manoma, kad panikos sutrikimo patogenezėje yra ir genetinis komponentas. Dažniausias klinikinis simptomas – pasikartojantys, iki valandos trukmės panikos priepuoliai. Taip pat būdingi įvairūs autonominiai bei somatiniai simptomai, dėl kurių tiksli diagnozė ne visada nustatoma iš karto.
ŠIZOIDINIO TIPO ASMENYBĖS SUTRIKIMAS
Authors: Diečkus Laurynas
Published: July 2022

Šio tyrimo tikslas buvo atlikti literatūros analizę ir pri­statyti šizoidinio tipo asmenybės sutrikimą. Individas laikomas turintis asmenybės sutrikimą, jeigu jo mąsty­sena, emocijų raiška, impulsyvumas bei bendravimas su kitais asmenimis yra ženkliai nukrypę nuo nusistovėju­sių visuomenės normų. Šizoidinis asmuo apibrėžiamas kaip atsiribojęs nuo emocijų, socialinių ar kitų kontaktų, teikiantis pirmenybę fantazijai, mėgstantis veiklą, kuria gali užsiimti vienas ir yra linkęs į introspekciją. Pacien­tai nėra linkę kreiptis į specialistus, nes mano, jog ligos gydymas atneš daug netrokštamo dėmesio, juos sunku motyvuoti gydytis. Dėl diagnostikos sunkumų, šizoidinis asmenybės sutrikimas yra vienas mažiausiai ištyrinėtų iš visų asmenybės sutrikimų ir jam nėra jokio medikamen­tinio gydymo ar kitų alternatyvų, išskyrus psichoterapiją.
ULASAN GASIFIKASI BATUBARA BAWAH TANAH PADA DAERAH YANG DIAJUKAN DI CEKUNGAN SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Sari Elsa Dilla Hurnia , Akbar Noor Kharismawan , Lende Nigel Sylvastro Sacchie
Published: July 2022

Indonesia memiliki sumber daya batubara yang mencapai 124,6 miliar ton dan cadangan hingga 26,2 miliar ton. Dalam melaksanakan kegiatan penambangan perlu dilakukan upaya untuk meminimalisir dampak terhadap lingkungan dengan menerapkan penambangan berkelanjutan. Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) adalah metode untuk mengekstrak syngas dari lapisan batubara bawah tanah in-situ yang tidak dapat diproses oleh penambangan konvensional. Tujuan dari makalah ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi yang komprehensif tentang potensi metode UCG untuk memanfaatkan lapisan batubara di Cekungan Sumatera Selatan. Dengan membandingkan dan menganalisis data dari berbagai literatur, lapisan batubara di Sumatera Selatan berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan dengan menggunakan metode UCG. Potensi risiko penerapan metode UCG terhadap lingkungan di antaranya penurunan lapisan tanah, kontaminasi udara dan air tanah, serta bahaya dari produk samping. Terdapat beberapa peraturan pemerintah yang harus dipenuhi untuk menjamin kualitas lingkungan dan sumber daya alam yang baik. Jika syngas langsung diolah untuk menghasilkan listrik di pembangkit listrik UCG maka dapat menghemat hingga sekitar 33% dari modal jika dibandingkan dengan IGCC. Kriteria pendukung untuk mengoptimalkan proses UCG meliputi zona jenuh air tanah pada batuan, desain saluran terbuka, serta pemodelan penurunan tanah dan perambatan panas. UCG merupakan teknologi batubara yang bersih karena penyebaran gas rumah kaca di atmosfer yang minim, tidak memerlukan fasilitas penampungan abu setelah pembakaran batubara, serta dapat diintegrasikan dengan penangkapan dan penyimpanan karbon untuk penangkapan CO2 lebih lanjut.
ANALISIS PRODUKTIVITAS PEMBORAN UNTUK PEMBUATAN SLOT RAISE DI EXTRACTION LEVEL GBC PT. FREEPORT INDONESIA
Authors: Cahyono Y. D. G.
Published: July 2022

Salah satu Tambang Bawah Tanah di PT. Freeport Indonesia adalah Grasberg Block Cave (GBC), dengan salah satu metode yang digunakan PT. Freeport Indonesia adalah metode ambrukan. Tambang GBC telah memasuki tahap produksi sejak September 2018, namun dalam operasinya Tambang GBC masih terus mengembangkan area operasionalnya untuk memenuhi target produksi. Salah satu siklus pengembangan (cycle development) yang merupakan operasional utama yang dikerjakan yaitu pengeboran dan peledakan. Dalam proses peledakan di drawbell dibutuhkan satu bidang bebas (free face) yang berfungsi sebagai arah dari ambrukan batuan dalam proses peledakan. Pembuatan free face atau yang biasa disebut dengan slot raise mengunakan mesin rasiebore dari PT. Redpath untuk kegiatan pengeboran slot raise. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan tingkat efektifitas pemboran di drawbell untuk memenuhi target produksi. Hasil pemboran di 3 lokasi yaitu P32/33 DB20, P27/28E DP19 dan P31/32W DP37N memiliki rata-rata cycle time 2676 menit sedangkan dari kesediaan alat antara lain kesediaan mekanis, kesedian fisik, kesediaan penggunaan alat, dan penggunaan efektif berturut-turut 89,97%, 90,33%, 85,39%, dan 84,19%. Kondisi ini menunjukkan kesediaan alat dalam kondisi baik. Kemudian penggunaan waktu efektif menunjukkan hasil 79,50% dari total waktu yang dijadwalkan sehingga penggunaan waktu efektif disimpulkan baik dan sesuai dengan rencana yang diberikan oleh devisi perencanaan.
PENINGKATAN KADAR KASITERIT SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN TIN CHEMICAL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ALAT PAN AMERICAN JIG DALAM SKALA LABORATORIUM
Authors: S Putri Indriyani , . Mukiat , Ningsih RR Yunita Bayu
Published: July 2022

Timah adalah sumberdaya pertambangan Indonesia yang memiliki berbagai macam pemanfaatan, salah satunya sebagai tin chemical.  Syarat untuk membuat tin chemical setidaknya memiliki kandungan kadar Sn sebesar 45%. Pada umumnya, timah yang berasal dari kegiatan penambangan memiliki kadar yang belum memenuhi persyaratan sebagai bahan baku tin chemical, sehingga timah harus ditingkatkan kadarnya terlebih dahulu. Peningkatan kadar dapat dilakukan dengan alat pan american jig. Variabel yang berpengaruh atas kinerja alat pan american jig yaitu ketebalan bed dan frekuensi pukulan. Adapun tujuan penelitian yaitu menganalisis pengaruh dari ketebalan bed dan frekuensi pukulan dalam meningkatkan kadar timah untuk memenuhi standar pembuatan tin chemical. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam skala laboratorium dengan melakukan percobaan secara langsung menggunakan alat pan american jig dengan menambahkan variasi ketebalan bed dan frekuensi pukulan serta menggunakan pasir timah sebagai feed. Ketebalan bed yang digunakan yaitu 7 mm, 12 mm dan 17 mm. Frekuensi pukulan yang digunakan adalah 100.Hz,150 Hz.dan.200 Hz. Kemudian sampel melalui proses pengolahan dan dianalisa untuk mengetahui kadar dan recoverynya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketebalan bed dan frekuensi pukulan akan mempengaruhi kadar dan recovery. Semakin tebal ketebalan bed dan semakin besarnya frekuensi pukulan yang digunakan maka kadar Sn akan cenderung meningkat dengan recovery yang cenderung menurun. Pada variasi ketebalan bed 17 mm dan frekuensi pukulan 200 Hz diperoleh kadar 45,41% dengan recovery 85,91%. Sebaliknya, pada ketebalan bed 7 mm dan frekuensi pukulan jig sebesar 100 Hz diperoleh recovery 91,11% dengan kadar 41,85%.
PENGARUH UKURAN PARTIKEL PADA PROSES PENINGKATAN KADAR DAN PEROLEHAN BIJIH BESI BONTOCANI MENGGUNAKAN DRY INTENSITY DRUM MAGNETIC SEPARATOR
Authors: Juradi Muhammad Idris , Umar Emi Prasetyawati , . Alimuddin , Nurhawaisyah Sitti Ratmi , Bakri Suriyanto , Arifin Mubdiana
Published: July 2022

Ketersediaan bijih besi daerah Bontocani Kabupaten Bone belum dimanfaatkan sebagaimana mestinya. Hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh nilai kadar yang masih cukup rendah sehingga perlunya dilakukan peningkatan kadar bijih besi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar bijih besi daerah Bontocani dengan XRF dan XRD serta mengetahui pengaruh ukuran fraksi terhadap peningkatan kadar besi dengan proses dry low intensity drum magnetic separator. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif berbasis percobaan laboratorium. Pada percobaan ini dilakukan variasi ukuran partikel -100 mesh, -150 mesh dan -200 mesh dengan kondisi percobaan intensitas magnet 0,5 T, umpan 500 gr, kecepatan putar drum 400 rpm dan waktu pemisahan 15 menit. Hasil analisis XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) mengindikasikan sampel bijih besi tersusun oleh mineral kuarsa, geotit, magnetit dan hematit sedangkan hasil analisis XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) menunjukkan komposisi kimia bijih besi terdiri dari Fe2O3 70,098%, SiO2 18,678%, SO3 5,504%, CaO 3,389%, MnO 1,222%, CuO 0,090% dan Cr2O3 0,019%. Proses konsentrasi menggunakan magnetic separator tipe dry-low intensity drum dengan berat umpan 500 gr pada masing-masing fraksi ukuran -100 mesh, -150 mesh dan -200 mesh menghasilkan berat konsentrat 332,5 gr, 323,1 gr dan 341,5 gr dengan berat tailing 90 gr, 125,7 gr dan 30,3 gr. Kadar Fe2O3 dalam konsentrat tiap fraksi yaitu, 82,138%, 86,116% dan 90,098% dengan perolehan masing-masing 77,992%, 79,386% dan 87,787%. Berdasarkan hasil percobaan disimpulkan bahwa semakin kecil ukuran partikel, semakin meningkatkan persentase nilai kadar dan perolehan, dimana persentase kadar Fe2O3 dan perolehan yang paling optimal didapatkan pada fraksi ukuran butir -200 mesh.
THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF EFFECTIVE TEACHING IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOTIVATION IN LEARNING AND STUDENT ENGAGEMENT
Authors: Leonard Ray E.Castillon  , Marilou Y. Limpot
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify the role of effective teaching in mediating the relationship between student engagement and motivation in learning. A descriptive correlational survey was employed in this non-experimental quantitative design. Using stratified random sampling, it was conducted in a private junior high school in Davao City with 321 participants, ranging from students in grades 7 to 10. To ensure the credibility of the research findings, the researcher employed validly modified questionnaires. This study revealed that the pupils were highly motivated to learn, which was conclusive. It was also shown that students frequently engage in a variety of high-level interactions. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of Filipino teachers’ instruction is at an extremely high level. Meanwhile, there is a very high level of effective teaching of the Filipino subject by the teachers in this school. In this regard, the variables in this study show a significant correlation. Thus, it was found that there is a partial mediation of the mediating effect of effective teaching on students’ learning motivation and engagement as a result of the significant correlation of each measure.
KEYWORDS: motivation in learning, student engagement, effective teaching, mediating effect, Philippines