bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Game Theory and Queue Learning Based Sleep/Wakeup Approach Scheduling in Wireless Sensor Network for Energy Efficiency
Authors: Aswini Rose S. , Banu N. Sharmila
Published: December 2019

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network with numerous sensor nodes for examining physical situations, communication and data collection. Sensor nodes communicate with a base station to distribute their data for the purpose of remote process and storage. While transmitting the data energy problem were occurred. This paper goal is to enables senders to predict receivers' wake-up times by using a reinforcement learning technique. If senders have packets to transmit, senders can wake up shortly before the predicted wake-up time of receivers, so the energy, which senders use for idle listening, can be saved. In this case, senders do not have to make the trade-off, because their wake-up times are totally based on receivers’ wake-up times. Receivers still face the trade-off, however, since a receiver’s wake-up time relies on our technique to scheduling function and different selections of parameters in this function will result in different wake-up intervals. In addition, before a sender can make a prediction about a receiver's wake-up time, the sender must request the parameters in the receiver’s wake-up scheduling function.
浅谈闸门的管理运行与维护
Authors: 徐 文龙
Published: December 2019

本文论述了闸门的基本用途与构成情况,介绍了闸门运行管理的重点环节,分析了闸门运行环节存在的各类问题,并提出了相应的闸门维护措施,供借鉴。
浅谈高标准农田建设工程进度管理
Authors: 郭 成
Published: December 2019

高标准农田建设项目实施周期短,分布面积广,建设任务重。施工受季节性影响大,一般在第一年的秋收至来年的春耕前。文章从鄱阳县2017年度高标准农田建设I标总承包项目出发,提出高标准农田建设中施工进度的影响因素及其优化措施,希望能够提高标准农田建设工程进度管理的整体水平。
水利水电工程建设征地移民安置规划设计探讨
Authors: 李 博
Published: December 2019

近年来,随着我国经济的快速发展,基础设施建设不断完善,水利水电工程建设规模逐步扩大,从而也增加了我国工程建设征地移民安置工作难度,在设计安置规划方案不仅要充分考虑国家政策法令、现实情况,还需保障安置方案合理、合法、合规。为此,文章对水利水电工程建设征地移民安置规划设计进行了具体分析,从设计的指导思想至安置方案内容都做出了细致的论述,以便为实践工作提供有益的参考。
浅谈信息化技术在水利管理中的应用
Authors: 龚 水明
Published: December 2019

基于新时代背景下,我国水利管理工作对技术有着十分高的要求,其中最为突出的就是信息化与现代化。科学技术的发展为水利管理创新带来了新契机,推进了信息化技术在水利管理中的普遍应用,并有效提高了水利管理工作效率与质量。本文阐述了信息化技术概念与优势,重点研究了水利管理中信息化技术的具体应用。
关于农村饮水安全工程运行管理的思考
Authors: 刘 强
Published: December 2019

农村饮水安全工程是一件公益事业,对我国安定团结有十分重要的意义,而且我国广大农村群众的生活条件也会因此发生变化。现阶段我国非常重视农村饮水安全工作,经过对以往经验的总结,加强我国农村饮水安全工程建后管理的力度能够使工程发挥出更加长久的效益,因此本文对农村饮水安全工程的运行管理进行详细探索。
An Analysis on the First-Stage Diversion Construction Method of the Dam of the Congo (ZO) ZONGO II Hydropower Station
Authors: Liu Xifeng
Published: December 2019

The dam of the ZONGOII hydropower station in the Congo is located 800m downstream of the tail water outlet of the ZONGOⅠplant. The first phase of the diversion of the dam is carried out by installing a cofferdam on the left bank of the Inkisi River to carry out sand sluice and other projects. Due to the feasibility of the construction plan and the reasonable organization of the on-site personnel, the first phase of the diversion task was successfully completed.
Efeito alelopático do extrato aquoso das folhas de Callistemon viminalis (Sol. ex Gaertn.) G.Don sobre a germinação de picão-preto (Bidens pilosa L.)
Authors: Ribeiro João Paulo Oliveira , Santo Alander Do Espírito , Melo Angelina Moreira , Sousa Amanda Cristina Guimarães , Ferreira Luziane Cristina , Da Silva Amilton Ferreira , Parrella Nádia Nardely Lacerda Durães
Published: December 2019

O picão-preto é uma planta daninha encontrada em lavouras anuais e perenes no Brasil. Em decorrência da aplicação de produtos químicos alguns biótipos da espécie B. pilosa tem apresentado resistência, dessa forma estudos recentes têm avaliado a eficiência de substâncias alelopáticas como alternativa no controle do picão-preto. Neste contexto, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito alelopático das folhas de Callistemon viminalis sobre a germinação de picão-preto. Para tal, foram avaliadas cinco concentrações de extratos de C. viminalis 0% (testemunha), 20%, 25%, 50%, 100%, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. A qualidade das sementes foi avaliada por meio da avaliação da germinação das sementes, realizando-se leituras diárias durante quatorze dias. Os dados foram submetidos ao pacote Seedcalc, gerando variáveis de germinação final e índices de vigor, os quais foram submetidos ao teste de Shapiro-Wilk a (p≤0,05), seguido do teste de Scott-Knott (p≤0,05), utilizando-se do software R. O extrato de C. viminalis provocou efeitos negativos e positivos na germinação e nos índices de vigor das sementes, sendo a concentração de 20% estimulante e as concentrações de 25%, 50% e 100% inibitórias. Portanto os extratos de C. viminalis apresentaram ação alelopática na germinação de sementes de picão-preto.
Professor reflexivo: da teoria a uma nova universidade
Authors: Fernandes Devanir Ramos , Machado Alexsandro Dos Santos
Published: December 2019

Ao introduzir o conceito de professor reflexivo, levanta-se algumas críticas à racionalidade técnica, destacando sua incapacidade para lidar com o imprevisível, uma vez que a mesma mecaniza o pensamento negando o mundo real da prática vivida, reduzindo o conhecimento prático do professor a um conhecimento como técnica. Analisando a amplitude da presença do conceito na literatura educacional sobre formação de professores, quer na formação inicial, quer na continuada, e mesmo as possíveis críticas que a abordagem suscita, além da aqui apresentada e buscando considerar as pertinências das diversas posições sobre a questão. Os professores são guiados em sua ação educativa por sua história pessoal e cultural, mas que também fazem opções sucessivas e que marcam sua trajetória, não estando inteiramente à mercê das circunstâncias socioculturais e das condições pessoais, interferindo nelas intencionalmente. Tendo uma consciência intencionada, por meio da qual compreendem a realidade e a possibilidade de nela intervirem, sendo sua consciência atribuidora de sentidos e por meio dela têm a possibilidade de se descobrirem e se posicionarem frente ao mundo, escolhendo como fazer, realizar suas vidas. Assim pode entender que mesmo com a predominância de uma formação voltada para a racionalidade técnica o professor faz uso de sua capacidade reflexiva e um horizonte animador se estabelece uma vez que vivemos uma tendência de colocar a reflexão em lugar central na formação docente, logo as condições de elevar o professor ao status de sujeito efetivo do conhecimento estão se estabelecendo.
ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ МЕТОДОЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯМЕТОДОЛОГІЇ ПРОВЕДЕННЯ ПРАВОВОГО АНАЛІЗУ ТОВАРНИХ ЗНАКІВ ТА КОМЕРЦІЙНИХ ПОЗНАЧЕНЬЛОГІЇ ПРОВЕДЕННЯ ПРАВОВОГО АНАЛІЗУ ТОВАРНИХ ЗНАКІВ ТА КОМЕРЦІЙНИХ ПОЗНАЧЕНЬ
Authors: Римарчук Римма Миколаївна , Римарчук Галина Сергіївна
Published: December 2019

Розглянуто питання методології проведення правового аналізу товарних знаків та комерційних позначень, що сприяє забезпеченню ефективного захисту прав споживачів та необхідності залучення комплексних спеціальних знань в області технології створення засобів індивідуалізації.Володіння загальнокультурними та професійними компетенціями, що входять у структуру спеціальних знань експерта в даній області, забезпечує повноту, всебічність та об’єктивність експертного дослідження.
Hubungan karakteristik dengan pengetahuan tokoh masyarakat mengenai keberadaan posyandu di wilayah kerja puskesmas jatinangor
Authors: Didah Didah - , Syahrias Lisastri
Published: December 2019

Posyandu merupakan salah satu program kesehatan pemerintah dengan memberdayakan masyarakat agar dapat mewujudkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat yang optimal. Posyandu berada dilingkungan masyarakat, di lingkungan masyarakat terdapat orang yang ditokohkan yang disebut dengan tokoh masyarakat. Tokoh masyarakat merupakan unsur penggerak dalam menggerakan masyarakat agar berperan aktif dalam kegiatan posyandu. Pengaruh tokoh masyarakat terhadap keberadaan posyandu di lingkungan masyarakat dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan. Faktor yang memengaruhi pengetahuan adalah usia, pendidikan, dan pekerjaan.
PERBEDAAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN WALI MURID TENTANG KRITERIA STUNTING PADA ANAK SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PENYULUHAN DI SDN 8 TELUK PANDAN KECAMATAN TELUK PANDAN KABUPATEN PESAWARAN TAHUN 2018
Authors: Wahyuni Tusy Tri , Sjahriani Tessa , Zetriandi Zetriandi
Published: December 2019

ABSTRAK Latar belakang :Stunting adalah suatu masalah gizi yang berdampak buruk terhadap kualitas hidup anak dalam mencapai titik tumbuh kembang yang optional sesuai potensi genetiknya. Indonesia menduduki peringkat ke lima dunia untuk jumlah anak dengan kondisi stunting. Penyuluhan gizi dapat diartikan sebagai suatu pendekatan edukatif untuk menghasilkan perilaku individu atau masyarakat yang diperlukan dalam peningkatan derajat kesehatan dan mempertahankan gizi yang baik, salah satunya mencegah dan menanggulangi kejadian stunting.Tujuan : Mengetahui perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan.Metodologi penelitian : Penelitian ini melakukan studi analitik observasional dengan rancangan cross sectionaldengan jenis quasi experiment one group pretest-posttest. Penelitian dilakukan selama bulan oktober 2018. Pengambilan sampel sebanyak 60 sampel dengan teknik accidental sampling.Analisis data menggunakan uji paired t-test.Hasil : Rata-rata tingkat pengetahuan wali murid sebelum penyuluhan adalah 40,68. Rata-rata tingkat pengetahuan wali murid setelah penyuluhan adalh 72,70. Terdapat perbedaan merata yang signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan wali murid tentang kriteria stuntingsebelum dan sesudah dilakukan penyuluhan ( p = 0.032 ).Kesimpulan : Terdapat perbedaan merata yang signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan penyuluhan.Kata kunci : Penyuluhan, pengetahuan stunting, wali murid, edukasi.Kepustakaan : 32, 2005-2017
TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN REMAJA PUTRI TENTANG MENSTRUASI
Authors: Amalia Putri , Amrullah Yola
Published: December 2019

Dari hasil penelitian kesehatan peserta didik tahun 2014 di kota bekasi menunjukan bahwa 46% siswi memiliki masalah kesehatan reproduksi, yaitu usia menarche kurang dari 8 tahun dan lebih dari 15 tahun, siklus menstruasi yang tidak teratur tiap bulan, serta gangguan menstruasi baik nyeri perut hebat, keputihan maupun gatal disekitar kemaluan.Jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 65 responden. Instrument dalam penelitian ini adalah kuisioner. Cara pengumpulan data menggunakan data primer. Variabel dependent dalam penelitian ini adalah tingkat pengetahuan remaja putri tentang menstruasi dan variabel independent dalam penelitian ini adalah sumber infromasi, peran orang tua, status gizi, lingkungan sosial dan usia menarche.Hasil penelitian gambaran pengetahuan remaja yang memiliki pengetahuan baik ada 35 orang (53.8%), 44 orang (67.7%) dari sumber informasi non media, 51 orang (78.5%) pada kelompok remaja yang orang tuanya berperan, 52 orang (80.0%)  pada remaja yang status gizi memiliki berat badan normal, 37 orang (56.9%) pada remaja yang lingkungan sosialnya berpengaruh, dan usia menarche yang kurang < 12 th sebanyak 54 orang (83.1%).
STRESS DAN STATUS GIZI DAPAT MENYEBABKAN KETIDAKTERATURAN SIKLUS MENSTRUASI
Authors: Aryani Nidya
Published: December 2019

ABSTRAK Menstruasi merupakan perdarahan teratur dari uterus sebagai tanda bahwa alat kandungan telah menunaikan faalnya. Siklus menstruasi normal terjadi setiap 22 – 35 hari, dengan lamanya menstruasi selama 2-7 hari. Data BKKBN Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2012 prevalensi gangguan siklus menstruasi pada remaja sebesar 80%, gangguan siklus menstruasi < 21 hari atau polimenorea sebesar 52,3% dan gangguan siklus menstruasi lebih dari 28 hari atau oligomenorea sebesar 27,7% (BKKBN,2012). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan stress dan status gizi dengan ketidakteraturan siklus menstruasi pada mahasiswa tingkat II Akademi Kebidanan Panca Bhakti Bandar Lampung Tahun 2016.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa tingkat II Akademi Kebidanan Panca Bhakti Bandar Lampung. Sampel diambil sebanyak 90 orang dengan tekhnik pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan analisis bivariat (chi-square).Hasil uji statistik dengan chi square diperoleh diperoleh p-value = 0,000 (p-value < α = 0,05) yang berarti ada hubungan stress dengan ketidakteraturan siklus menstruasi dan p-value = 0,015 (p-value < α = 0,05) yang berarti ada hubungan status gizi dengan ketidakteraturan siklus menstruasi.Kata kunci             : stress, status gizi, siklus menstruasi
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN AIR KELAPA (HIJAU) MUDA PADA IBU BERSALIN TERHADAP LAMANYA PERSALINAN KALA II DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH Dr. H. ABDUL MOELOEK PROVINSI LAMPUNG TAHUN 2019
Authors: Susilawati Susilawati
Published: December 2019

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang : Persalinan Lama yang tejadi tanpa komplikasi khusus, dapat ditangani dengan cara Non-farmakologis menggunakan Air Kelapa (Hijau) Muda. Selain mudah ditemukan, makanan dan minuman yang berasal dari kelapa juga cukup digemari masyarakat. Memiliki khasiat dan nilai gizi yang baik sekali. Kaya akan kalium yang dapat memulihkan stamina dengan segera. Selain mineral, air kelapa juga mengandung gula. Air kelapa (Hujau) muda yang kaya akan kandungan kalsium,  kalium,   elektrolit,   klorida   dan   magnesium  mampu meredakan nyeri dan mampu meningkatkan kontraksi uterus. Sebagai Rumah Sakit rujukan utama Provinsi Lampung, Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah  Dr . H . Abdul Moeloek diperoleh Data rekam medic tahun 2017 jumlah kejadian Persalinan Lama sebanyak 257 (14 %) dari 1895 persalinan.Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh Pemberian Air Kelapa (Hijau) Muda pada ibu bersalin terhadap lamanya persalinan Kala II di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Provinsi Lampung.Metode : Rancangan penelitian menggunakan true eksperimen dengan pendekatan Posttest Only Control Grup Design. Pemberian Air Kelapa (Hijau) Muda diberikan pada ibu Bersalin Kala 1 Fase Aktif (Pembukaan 4 s/d 10 cm). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah  ibu bersalin Kala I Berjumlah 66 orang (33 Eksperimen dan 33 kontrol), dengan teknik sampling purposive Sampling. Analisis data dengan menggunakan uji T independen.Hasil : Hasil Analisis rata-rata lama persalinan Kala II pada ibu bersalin yang diberikan air kelapa (Hijau) Muda dengan lama persalinan Kala II 26,06  menit, dan rata-rata lama persalinan Kala II yang tidak diberikan Air Kelapa (Hijau) Muda dengan Lama Persalinan 53.09 menit. Hasil uji statistik didapatkan p-value = 0,000 (p-value < α = 0,05) yang berarti ada pengaruh Pemberian Air Kelapa (Hijau) Muda Terhadap Lamanya Persalinan Kala II dengan beda rata – rata 27.03 menit.Kesimpulan : Ada pengaruh Pemberian Air Kelapa (Hijau) Muda Terhadap Lamanya Persalinan Kala II di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Provinsi Lampung. Kata Kunci : Air Kelapa (Hijau) Muda, Lama Persalinan Kala II
PEMBERIAN MADU TERHADAP NYERI POST SECTIO CAESAREA
Authors: Evrianasari Nita , Eliza Yuni
Published: December 2019

ABSTRAKDi Indonesia berdasarkan survei sederhana yang dilakukan oleh Guraldi dan Basalmah, terhadap 64 rumah sakit di Jakarta pada tahun 1993 hasilnya tercatat 17.665 kelahiran sebanyak 35,7-55,3% melahirkan dengan operasi sectio caesarea. Berdasarkan hasil prasurvey yang telah peneliti lakukan pada Bulan Februari tahun 2018 di RSUD May Jen HM Ryacudu Kotabumi Kabupaten Lampung Utara didapatkan dalam satu bulan terdapat 163 ibu bersalin, dimana 61 (37,4 %) diantaranya memilih section caesarea dan 102 (62,5%) memilih bersalin normal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah diketahui Pengaruh Pemberian Madu Terhadap Nyeri Post Sectio Caesarea Pada Ibu Bersalin di RSUD May Jen HM Ryacudu Kotabumi Kabupaten Lampung Utara Tahun 2018.Jenis Penelitian Kuantitatif, rancangan penelitian metode quasi eksperimen dengan pendekatan one group pretest-posttest design. Populasi sebanyak 33 orang. Sampel sebanyak 33 orang. Dengan teknik sampling purposive sampling. Analisa data dengan uji T-test.Hasil penelitian menunjukan rata-rata nyeri sebelum intervensi sebesar 6,39, ratarata nyeri setelah intervensi sebesar 1,0. Diketahui Ada pengaruh pemberian madu terhadap nyeri post sectio caesarea pada ibu bersalin di RSUD May Jen HM Ryacudu Kotabumi Kabupaten Lampung Utara Tahun 2018. Hasil uji t didapat p value 0 ,000 < α (0,05).Disarankan bagi tenaga kesehatan khususnya bidan agar menganjurkan kepada ibu post SC mengkonsumsi madu sebagai salah satu alternative pengurangan nyeri post SC. Kata Kunci             : Madu, nyeri post sectio caesarea Referensi : 19 (2004-2016)
Hubungan Pola Asuh ibu dengan angka kejadian stunting Balita usia 6-59 bulan di desa Mataram Ilir, kecamatan Seputih Surabaya di Lampung Tengah Tahun 2019
Authors: Nurmalasari Yesi , Fera Devi
Published: December 2019

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang :Stunting merupakan bentuk dari proses pertumbuhan yang terhambat, dan merupakan salah satu masalah gizi yang perlu mendapat perhatian. Stunting menjadi permasalahan karena berhubungan dengan meningkatnya risiko terjadinya kesakitan dan kematian, perkembangan otak suboptimal sehingga perkembangan motorik terlambat dan terhambatnya pertumbuhan mental.Tujuan penelitian :Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Hubungan antara Pola Asuh ibu dengan angka kejadian stunting usia 6-59 bulan di desa Mataram Ilir, kecamatan Seputih Surabaya di Lampung Tengah.Metode penelitian :Penelitian ini adalah survey analitik dengan menggunakan Desain penelitian Cross Sectional, Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah seluruh anak usia 6-59 bulan di Desa Mataram Ilir kecamatan Seputih Surabaya Lampung Tengah tahun 2018. Penarikan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 237 orang.Analisa data yang dilakukan adalah univariat dan bivariat dengan uji chi-square.Hasil :ada hubungan antara pemberian ASI (p=0,028 < α =0,05), MP-ASI (p=0,004 < α =0,05), Penyiapan dan penyajian makanan (p=0,028 < α =0,05), waktu pengenalan MP-ASI (p=0,046 < α =0,05) dengan kejadian stunting padabalitausia 6-59bulan.Kesimpulan:Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ada hubungan antara Pola Asuh ibu dengan angka kejadian stunting usia 6-59 bulan di desa Mataram Ilir, kecamatan Seputih Surabaya di Lampung Tengah. Kata Kunci: Pola Asuh Ibu, Stunting.
Survei Kualitas Gizi Makanan Sela Yang Dikonsumsi Siswi SMP Dan SMA Di Kecamatan Jatinangor
Authors: Brillianty Alifia Nanda , Martini Neneng , Sari Puspa , - Didah , Astuti Sri
Published: December 2019

Latar Belakang: Masa remaja merupakan periode terjadinya pertumbuhan, dan perkembangan baik secara fisik, psikologis, maupun intelektual. Oleh karena itu, nutrisi yang dibutuhkan lebih tinggi. Remaja mempunyai kebiasaan makan diantara waktu makan baik berupa jajanan disekolah maupun diluar sekolah yang dikenal dengan makanan sela. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis, kandungan gizi, kualitas gizi, banyaknya makanan sela serta pertimbangan memilih makanan sela yang dikonsumsi siswi SMP dan SMA di Kecamatan Jatinangor.Metode: Metode penelitian menggunakan survei deskriptif dengan data primer hasil wawancara 332 responden. Pengolahan data menggunakan nutri survey.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jenis makanan yang paling sering dikonsumsi adalah baso goreng dengan 65 responden (19,57%), tidak ada makanan yang memenuhi seluruh angka kecukupan gizi, 295 responden (88,9%) mengonsumsi makanan sela yang tidak berkualitas, 187 responden (56,3%) memakan 3-5 jenis makanan, 222 responden (66,9%) memilih pertimbangan rasa yang enakKesimpulan: Makanan yang paling sering dikonsumsi adalah baso goreng dengan 65 responden (19,57%). tidak ada makanan yang memenuhi seluruh angka kecukupan gizi, 295 responden (88,9%) mengonsumsi makanan sela yang tidak berkualitas, 187 responden (56,3%) memakan 3-5 jenis makanan, 222 responden (66,9%) memilih pertimbangan rasa yang enak.
Hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Keterampilan Kader dalam Menimbang Bayi dan Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Natar Lampung Selatan
Authors: Astriana Astriana , Evrianasari Nita
Published: December 2019

Latar Belakang : Gizi pada  bayi dan balita merupakan indikator pembangunan kualitas sumber daya manusia. Sumber daya manusia yang sehat dan berkualitas merupakan modal utama pembangunan  kesehatan yang menentukan suatu bangsa. Saat ini indonesia dihadapkan tidak hanya pada masalah gizi kurang akan tetapi dihadapkan  pada permasalahan gizi ganda (double burden) yaitu gizi lebih dan kurang. Berbagai usaha telah dilakukan untuk menangani masalah gizi diindonesia, salah satunya adalah dengan membuat suatu wadah pelayanan kesehatan bersumberdaya masyarakat yang dilaksanakan oleh, dari dan bersama masyarakat yaitu pos pelayanan terpadu (posyandu). Dalam observasi langsung pada kegiatan penimbangan bayi dan balita di posyandu kader tidak melakukan sesuai langkah penimbangan yang telah ditetapkan sehingga hasil penimbangan tidak valid. hal ini akan mengakibatkan  gambaran status gizi yang dihasilkan menjadi kurang tepat, selain itu kader juga tidak menggambarkan grafik pada buku KMS dan tidak melakukan penyuluhan.Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dengan keterampilan  kader dalam menimbang bayi dan balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Natar Lampung Selatan.Metode : Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif, dengan rancangan survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian dilaksanakan di posyandu wilayah kerja Pukesmas Natar Lampung Selatan. Jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 132 responden menggunakan teksnik sampling simple random sampling.Analisa data menggunakan chi-SquareHasil: Uji statistic menggunakan chi-square  diperoleh  p-value  0,000 < α 0,05, yang berarti bahwa H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima atau berarti ada hubungan pengetahuan dengan keterampilan kader dalam menimbang bayi dan balita di wilayah kerja puskesmas natar lampung selatan. Dengan nilai  Odds Ratio sebesar 416,667.                Kesimpulan : Ada hubungan pengetahuan dengan keterampilan kader dalam menimbang bayi dan balita di posyandu wilayah kerja puskesmas Natar Lampung Selatan.Kata kunci: Pengetahuan kader, keterampilan, menimbang
Analysis Of The Causes Of PT. Bank Rabobank International Indonesia Stopped Operating
Authors: Gusti Girang Permata
Published: December 2019

This paper tries to find out the cause of the stop of PT. Rabobank International Indonesia in terms of financial statements. Using descriptive research methods, case studies and document studies over a period of 10 years, starting from 2009 to 2018. The results of this study conclude that changes in the company's strategic focus that follow Rabobank Group's strategy are only serving customers from the food and agriculture sectors as one of the causes weakening of the company's financial performance.
Pengaruh Prestise Merek Dan Kepercayaan Merek Terhadap Harga Premium: Peran Cinta Merek Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi
Authors: Pandowo Aditya
Published: December 2019

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengeksplorasi pengaruh prestise merek dan kepercayaan merek terhadap cinta merek dan harga premium. Pelanggan yang memegang merek bergengsi sangat dipercaya bahwa merek tersebut akan meningkatkan nilai-nilai mereka. Selanjutnya, ketika mereka mempercayai merek, mereka menjadi tergantung dan mencintai merek sepanjang waktu. Ketika pelanggan menyukai merek, mereka ingin membeli merek bahkan dengan biaya tinggi. 165 peserta diambil dengan metode purposive sampling. Responden adalah penonton hedonis muda di sinema premium. Moderated Regression Analysis digunakan untuk menguji hubungan antar konstruk. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa prestise merek dapat memprediksi cinta merek dan harga premium secara signifikan. Selain itu, kepercayaan merek berdampak pada cinta merek dan harga premium namun tidak signifikan. Hal yang sama dijumpai pada hubungan antara cinta merek dan harga premium. Temuan lainnya adalah peran moderasi murni dari cinta merek.
Pengaruh Faktor Psikologik, Sosial dan Finansial Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan Penyadap Karet di PT. Atjeh Raya Corpindo Kab. Aceh Timur
Authors: Akmal Andi , Indra Siti Balqies , Gustiana Cut
Published: December 2019

The aim of this research was to know the effect of psychological, social and financial factors to rubber tappers employees statisfaction in PT. Atjeh Raya Corpindo (ARCO)  East Aceh district. This research used case study method. Location was determined purposively in PT. ARCO Kebun Alur Buluh, Birem Bayeun sub-district, East Aceh district. The objects of this research only a rubber tappers with mount of sample 33 person with multiple regression linear. The result showed that  psychological  dan social factor very effected meanwhile financial factor affected  to rubber tappers employees statisfaction in PT. Atjeh Raya Corpindo (ARCO)  East Aceh district
Fars Edebiyatında Şairlerin Mahlasları
Authors: KASKA Çetin
Published: December 2019

Fars şiirinde mahlas hicri dördüncü yüzyıldan
itibaren kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Hicri üçüncü yüzyıldan sadece elli sekiz
beyit kalmış ve bu beyitlerin içinde herhangi bir mahlas bulunmamaktadır. Mahlası
şairin kendisi seçtiği gibi üstad kabul edilen bir şair tarafından da verilebilmektedir.
Fars şairler genellikle mahlaslarını gazel veya kasidelerinin sonunda ifade
etmişlerdir. Fars şiirinde mahlasları günümüze ulaşan ilk kişiler Rûdekî,
Dakîkî, Kisâ’î Mervezî, Menûçihrî ve birçok hicri dört ve beşinci yüzyıl
şairleridir. Moğol döneminden sonra
aşamalı olarak mahlas gazelin sonunda yer almıştır. Mahlas seçerken
tanıdık manalar ve mûsiki gibi etkenler göz önünde bulundurulmuştur. Mahlas
mazmunları dönemin durumuna göre değişiklik göstermiştir. Moğolların İran’a
saldırısı ve Fars şiirinin Hindistan’a girişinden sonra “Miskîn”, “Gedâ”, “Âvâre”,
“Mahzûn”, “Huznî”, “Hazîn” ve “Bînevâ” gibi mahlaslar revaç kazanmıştır. Fars edebiyatında birçok şair gerçek adıyla şöhret
bulmasına rağmen mahlası adından daha meşhur olan bazı şairler de bulunmaktadır. Mahlaslar genellikle
şairin karakterine, eğilimine ve dünya görüşüne uygun olarak seçilmiştir. Bu makalede meşhur Fars
şairlerinin mahlasları ile Fars edebiyatında mahlasın şiirlerde nasıl yer
aldığı ele alınmıştır.
Intercropping French Bean with Brinjal at Varying Planting System
Authors: Chowdhury JA , Bazzaz Md Mahfuz , Kakon SS , Begum AA , Khanum Most Mahbuba
Published: December 2019

The experiment was carried out at the research field of Agricultural Research Station, Rajbari, Dinajpur during rabi season of 2014-15 and 2015-16 to find out suitable crop combination for higher productivity and economic return. Six different treatments viz. T1 = Sole brinjal (75 cm x 60 cm), T2 = Sole french bean (30 cm x 10 cm), T3 = Brinjal normal row (100%) + 1 line french bean between brinjal (33%), T4 = Brinjal normal row (100%) + 2 lines french bean between brinjal (66%), T5 = Brinjal paired row (100%) + 3 lines french bean between brinjal (40%) and T6 = Brinjal paired row (100%) + 4 lines french bean between brinjal (53%) were evaluated. The results revealed that the highest mean fruit yield of brinjal (44.26 t ha-1) and french bean (20.96 t ha-1) was obtained in sole cropping of component crops. Under intercropping, the highest brinjal yield (38.61 t ha-1) was recorded in brinjal normal row + 1 line french bean between brinjal, while, the highest french bean yield (16.06 t ha-1)  in brinjal normal row + 2 lines french bean between brinjal. The highest mean brinjal equivalent yield (58.72 t ha-1) and land equivalent ratio (1.50) was also obtained in brinjal normal row + 2 lines french bean between brinjal. The highest gross return (Tk. 4,69,760 ha-1), gross margin (Tk. 3,66,440 ha-1), and BCR (4.54) were obtained in brinjal normal row + 2 lines french bean between brinjal and the lowest in sole french bean. The overall results indicated that among the intercrop combinations brinjal normal row + 2 lines french bean between brinjal was found suitable for total productivity and economic return of the system.

Bangladesh Agron. J. 2018, 21(2): 1-6
Thinking actively in social contexts for improving the creating thinking skills
Authors: Susanto Rovi , Suryadarma I Gusti Putu
Published: December 2019

The study aims at developing the Thinking Actively in Social Contexts (TASC) and the fit manual book for improving the students’ creative thinking skills. Within the conduct of the study, the 4D (Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate) had been adopted. First, the Define stage consisted of curriculum analysis, students’ characteristics analysis, students’ activities analysis and learning objectives and materials analysis. Second, the Design stage consisted of media selection, manual book format design and preliminary product prototype manufacture. Third, the Develop stage consisted of manual book prototype development with expert judgment and development test (limited experiment and expanded experiment). Fourth, the Disseminate stage consisted of manual book distribution after the manual book had been revised by the given party. Then, the results of the study show that both the TASC learning model and the manual book have been fit for improving the students’ creative thinking skills. Based on the post-test results that have been analysed using the gain-score test and the t-test, it might be concluded that the students’ creative thinking skills have fallen into the “High” category. In other words, the TASC learning model provides learning opportunity for the students based on the social context of the farming problems.
Ohjaussuhteen tyylit puntarissa
Authors: Weiste Elina , Aaltonen Sanna , Savolainen-Peltonen Hanna , Stevanovic Melisa
Published: December 2019

Opinnäytetyöprosessissa ohjaajan ja ohjattavan suhde on kriittinen tekijä. Millainen ohjaustyyli tukee ohjattavaa ja antaa samalla tilaa tutkijaksi kasvulle?
Host-switching among crabs: species introduction results in a new target host for native parasites
Authors: Blakeslee AMH , Barnard RB , Matheson K , McKenzie CH
Published: December 2019

Invasive species can introduce parasites to, and/or acquire new parasites from, novel regions, thereby greatly influencing community interactions, including symbiotic relationships involving parasites. Host-switching of native and non-native parasites could enhance or dilute parasite transmission and spread among hosts. We investigated the effect of host invasion on trematode parasitism in 2 Newfoundland (Canada) bays: one invaded by European green crabs Carcinus maenas and the other not yet invaded. To determine the influence of C. maenas on host-parasite relationships, we assessed trematode prevalence in 3 native hosts: 2 Littorina spp. snails and Atlantic rock crabs Cancer irroratus (first- and second-intermediate hosts for microphallid trematodes, respectively). We found no difference in trematode prevalence between the bays among the 4 host species. However, cyst abundance was significantly higher in C. maenas versus C. irroratus in the bay where the crab distributions overlap, while it was lower in C. irroratus in the invaded versus uninvaded bay, suggesting a dilution of infection in the native host. Sequencing data of microphallid trematodes detected 4 genetically divergent lineages: a cosmopolitan lineage found in all host species; 2 lineages dominant in C. irroratus, suggesting a native origin for the trematodes that now use C. maenas as an additional host; and 1 lineage represented just in C. maenas in Europe. This is the first study to demonstrate the magnitude of trematode infection in crab hosts in Newfoundland, including the commercially valuable native C. irroratus. Our results demonstrate the influence that species introductions can have on parasite life cycles in native systems under recent host invasion.
Integrated mixed-effect growth models for species with incomplete ageing histories: a case study for the loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta
Authors: Chasco BE , Thorson JT , Heppell SS , Avens L , Braun McNeill J , Bolten AB , Bjorndal KA , Ward EJ
Published: December 2019

For stochastic growth processes, integrated mixed-effects (IME) models of capture-recapture data and size-at-age data from calcified structures such as otoliths can reduce bias in model parameters. Researchers have not fully explored the performance of IME models for simultaneously estimating the unknown ages, growth model parameters, and derived variables. We simulated capture-recapture observations for tagging experiments and skeletochronology (i.e. humerus growth) observations for stranded loggerhead sea turtlesCaretta carettabased on previously published parameter estimates for 3 growth processes (logistic, Gompertz, and von Bertalanffy). We then fit IME models to the integrated and non-integrated data. For the integrated data (both tagging and skeletochronology), we found decreased bias and uncertainty in estimated growth parameters and ages, and decreased misspecification of the growth process based on AIC. Applying the IME model to Western Atlantic loggerheads, the von Bertalanffy growth process provided the best fit to the skeletochronology data for the humeri from 389 stranded turtles and capture-recapture data from 480 tagged turtles. The estimated mean growth coefficient (μk) and mean asymptotic straight carapace length (μ×) were equal to 0.076 yr-1and 92.1 cm, respectively. The estimated mean ages of the stranded turtles and recaptured tagged turtles were 13.5 and 14.6 yr, respectively. Assuming the size-at-sexual maturity (SSM) is 95% of the asymptotic size, the mean and 95% predictive interval for the age-at-sexual maturity (ASM) was 38 (29, 49) yr. Our results demonstrate that IME models provide reduced bias of the growth parameters, unknown ages, and derived variables such as ASM.
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA SISWA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DENGAN PENDEKATAN KONSTRUKTIVISTIK MATERI POKOK TEOREMA PYTHAGORAS
Authors: Andang Andang , Sowanto Sowanto , Saifullah Saifullah
Published: December 2019

Matematika merupakan mata pelajaran yang mendapat prioritas untuk dikembangkan karena matematika menjadi sarana yang dapat membantu siswa memecahkan masalah. Salah satu cara yang bisa dilakukan adalah mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) menghasilkan lembar kerja siswa yang dikembangkan dengan pendekatan konstruktivistik dan valid serta bisa digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran, dan 2) mengetahui kualitas lembar kerja siswa berdasarkan respon siswa selama melakukan uji lapangan. Adapun prosedur pengembangan lembar kerja siswa mengacu  pada  model  pengembangan 4D. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIII pada SMPN 2 Kota Bima. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari lembar validasi dan lembar angket. Teknik analisis data yaitu dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif, yang selanjutnya menggunakan kriteria kategori penilaian. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran berbentuk lembar kerja siswa dengan pendekatan pembelajaran konstruktivistik pada materi teorema pythagoras di kelas VIII SMPN 2 Kota Bima yang berbentuk lembar kerja siswa adalah valid dengan kategori sangat baik, lembar kerja siswa setelah melalui tahap uji coba lapangan memenuhi kriteria kepraktisan dengan rata-rata aktivitas guru pada proses pembelajaran sebesar 4,48 atau berkategori sangat baik dan respon siswa positif yang ditunjukan dengan minat dan ketertarikannya dalam mengikuti pembelajaran. Lembar kerja siswa dinyatakan sudah efektif untuk diterapkan dalam proses pembelajaran dengan hasil tes belajar siswa sebesar 86,93 dan ketuntasan individu sebesar 89,12%.
The Scottish-American Association, 1919–1923: A Study in Failure
Authors: Bowman Stephen
Published: December 2019

This article considers the history of the Scottish-American Association (SAA), an elite society founded in Edinburgh in 1919 in support of British-American friendship by Charles Saroléa, a Belgian diplomat and Professor of French at Edinburgh University.
Suitability Calculation for Red Spicy Pepper Cultivation (Capsicum annum L.) Using Hybrid GIS-Based Multicriteria Analysis
Authors: Jurišić Mladen , Plaščak Ivan , Antonić Oleg , Radočaj Dorijan
Published: December 2019

Red spicy pepper is traditionally considered as the fundamental ingredient for multiple authentic products of Eastern Croatia. The objectives of this study were to: (1) evaluate the optimal interpolation method necessary for modeling of criteria layers; (2) calculate the sustainability and vulnerability of red spicy pepper cultivation using hybrid Geographic Information System (GIS)-based multicriteria analysis with the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method; (3) determine the suitability classes for red spicy pepper cultivation using K-means unsupervised classification. The inverse distance weighted interpolation method was selected as optimal as it produced higher accuracies than ordinary kriging and natural neighbour. Sustainability and vulnerability represented the positive and negative influences on red spicy pepper production. These values served as the input in the K-means unsupervised classification of four classes. Classes were ranked by the average of mean class sustainability and vulnerability values. Top two ranked classes, highest suitability and moderate-high suitability, produced suitability values of 3.618 and 3.477 out of a possible 4.000, respectively. These classes were considered as the most suitable for red spicy pepper cultivation, covering an area of 2167.5 ha (6.9% of the total study area). A suitability map for red spicy pepper cultivation was created as a basis for the establishment of red spicy pepper plantations.
The Potential Distribution of the Potato Tuber Moth (Phthorimaea Operculella) Based on Climate and Host Availability of Potato
Authors: Jung Jae-Min , Lee Sang-Geui , Kim Kwang-Ho , Jeon Sung-Wook , Jung Sunghoon , Lee Wang-Hee
Published: December 2019

This study evaluated the potential distribution of the potato tuber moth. This species severely impacts global potato production, especially in China and India, which have the world’s largest potato production. We developed two indices considering host plant availability and production in addition to climatic suitability, which was simulated using the CLIMEX model. Thus, three different indices were used to project potential distribution of the potato tuber moth under a climate change scenario: (1) climatic suitability (ecoclimatic index (EI)) (EIM), (2) climatic suitability combined with host plant availability (EIN1), and (3) climatic suitability combined with host plant production (EIN2). Under the current climate, EIM was high in southern India and central to southern China, while EIN1 and EIN2 were approximately 38% and 20% lower than EIM, respectively. Under the Special Report on Emissions Scenario A1B, the potato tuber moth would probably not occur in India, but its distribution could be extended to the north, reaching N47°. The areas with the highest climatic suitability by potato tuber moth based on three indices were Sichuan and Karnataka in response to climate change. These areas require adequate pest control, such as prevention of spread through transport of potato seed or by using cold storage facilities.
Susceptibility of Winter Wheat and Triticale to Yellow Rust Influenced by Complex Interactions between Vernalisation, Temperature, Plant Growth Stage and Pathogen Race
Authors: Rodriguez-Algaba Julian , Sørensen Chris K. , Labouriau Rodrigo , Justesen Annemarie F. , Hovmøller Mogens S.
Published: December 2019

Environmental factors influence the disease susceptibility of crop plants. In this study, we established an experimental system to investigate the effects of vernalisation, temperature and plant growth stage on the susceptibility of winter wheat and winter triticale to Puccinia striiformis, the causal agent of yellow (stripe) rust. Two temperature regimes: standard (18 °C day/12 °C night) and low (12 °C day/6 °C night), vernalised and non-vernalised seedlings, vernalised adult plants and two pathogen races were investigated. At low temperatures, vernalisation reduced the susceptibility of seedlings exposed to the ‘Warrior’ race, while this was only the case for five out of eight varieties exposed to the ‘Kranich’ race. Changing from standard to low temperature resulted in increased susceptibility of non-vernalised seedlings of seven varieties inoculated with the ‘Warrior’ race and five varieties inoculated with the ‘Kranich’ race. Increased susceptibility at low temperature was also detected for several varieties at the adult plant growth stage. Comparisons between vernalised seedlings and adult plants revealed an effect of plant growth stage on disease susceptibility (e.g., Adult Plant Resistance) in five varieties at standard temperature for the ‘Warrior’ race and in five and four varieties at standard and low temperature respectively, for the ‘Kranich’ race. The complex and unpredictable interactions between environment and pathogen influencing yellow rust susceptibility of individual varieties stress the importance of phenotyping for disease resistance under different environmental conditions and pathogen populations. The environmental impact on rust susceptibility should also be taken into account in early-warning systems targeting wheat and triticale breeding programmes and growers.
Genetic Transformation and siRNA-Mediated Gene Silencing for Aphid Resistance in Tomato
Authors: Faisal Mohammad , Abdel-Salam Eslam M. , Alatar Abdulrahman A. , Saquib Quaiser , Alwathnani Hend A. , Canto Tomas
Published: December 2019

We explored the ability of RNA interference (RNAi) to silence the Acetylcholinesterase 1 (Ace 1) gene in aphid Myzus persicae and developed transgenic tomato plants resistant to aphid infestation. Three plasmid constructs, T-449: a single Ace 1 fragment (forward orientation), T-452: two Ace 1 fragments (reverse and forward orientations), and T455: a single inverted Ace 1 fragment, were developed and transformed into two tomato cultivars, Jamila and Tomaland. PCR, northern blotting, and small interfering RNAs (siRNA) analysis were performed to validate the success of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The efficiency of transformation was highest for the T-452 construct. In vivo effects of the transformed constructs were confirmed in feeding experiments, and there was significant downregulation of the Ace 1 gene. In addition, an aphid challenge assay was conducted to investigate the siRNA-mediated silencing of the target gene (Ace 1) in the inhibition of fecundity in M. persicae. We found that the plants that were transformed with the T-452 vector had 37.5% and 26.4% lower fecundity at 27 °C in the Jamila and Tomaland, respectively. Our results strongly indicated that the plant-mediated silencing of aphid-RNA might be a robust and effective approach for developing pest and disease resistant in plants.
Water–Nitrogen Coupling and Multi-Objective Optimization of Cotton under Mulched Drip Irrigation in Arid Northwest China
Authors: Li Xinxin , Liu Hongguang , He Xinlin , Gong Ping , Lin En
Published: December 2019

Cotton is the most important cash crop in Xinjiang but low utilization rate of water and fertilizer is restricting healthy development of this industry. At present, there is a lack of water and nitrogen management optimization methods based on multi-objectives of cotton water use efficiency (WUE), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), yield, and income. A continuous field experiment was conducted during 2017–2018 to study the effects of water–nitrogen coupling on cotton growth, WUE, NUE, nitrogen partial factor productivity, yield, quality, and economic benefits under drip irrigation in northern Xinjiang. Using multiple regression and spatial analyses, the water and nitrogen management strategy for multi-objective optimization was determined. Three irrigation levels were used—low (I1), medium (I2), and full (I3)—Representing 75%, 87.5%, and 100% of cotton water demand, respectively. The three nitrogen application levels were low (N1, 210 kg/ha), medium (N2, 280 kg/ha), and high (N3, 350 kg/ha), representing 75%, 100%, and 125% of the local nitrogen application, respectively. Among all treatments, the leaf area index, boll weight, dry matter quantity and yield reached respective maxima of 4.43 m2/m2, 4.73 g, 16,623 kg/ha, and 6333 kg/ha for the I3N2 treatment. Cotton fiber quality was the best for I3 irrigation, but too little or too much nitrogen reduced fiber quality. The economic benefit under I3 irrigation was 1.93–4.81 times that for I1. For a single optimization objective, WUE reached a maximum of 1.78 kg/ha·mm for irrigation of 415.80 mm and nitrogen application of 295.71 kg/ha; corresponding single maxima follow: NUE of 37.65% for 418.27 mm and 278.57 kg/ha; yield of 6416.42 kg/ha for 470.12 mm and 304.29 kg/ha; and economic benefit of 15,338.55 RMB/ha for 470.12 mm and 307.14 kg/ha. Multiple regression and spatial analysis showed that for irrigation of 430.71–440.12 mm and nitrogen application of 270.95–318.45 kg/ha, the WUE, NUE, yield, and economic benefits of cotton simultaneously exceeded 90% of their maxima, which was an efficient and reasonable water and nitrogen management mode in this location. The results provide a scientific basis for effective integrated management of water and fertilizer in drip irrigation cotton fields in northern Xinjiang.
The Role of Drug Repurposing in the Development of Novel Antimicrobial Drugs: Non-Antibiotic Pharmacological Agents as Quorum Sensing-Inhibitors
Authors: Gajdács Márió , Spengler Gabriella
Published: December 2019

Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) is a global public health issue, severely hindering clinicians in administering appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Drug repurposing is a drug development strategy, during which new pharmacological applications are identified for already approved drugs. From the viewpoint of the development of virulence inhibitors, inhibition of quorum sensing (QS) is a promising route because various important features in bacterial physiology and virulence are mediated by QS-dependent gene expression. Methods: Forty-five pharmacological agents, encompassing a wide variety of different chemical structures and mechanisms of action, were tested during our experiments. The antibacterial activity of the compounds was tested using the broth microdilution method. Screening and semi-quantitative assessment of QS-inhibition by the compounds was performed using QS-signal molecule-producing and indicator strains. Results: Fourteen pharmaceutical agents showed antibacterial activity in the tested concentration range, while eight drugs (namely 5-fluorouracil, metamizole-sodium, cisplatin, methotrexate, bleomycin, promethazine, chlorpromazine, and thioridazine) showed dose-dependent QS-inhibitory activity in the in vitro model systems applied during the experiments. Conclusions: Virulence inhibitors represent an attractive alternative strategy to combat bacterial pathogens more efficiently. Some of the tested compounds could be considered potential QS-inhibitory agents, warranting further experiments involving additional model systems to establish the extent of their efficacy.