bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced sensitivity with nonlinearity-induced exceptional points degeneracy lifting
Authors: Li Haichuan , Chen Lei , Wu Wenhao , Wang Hongteng , Wang Tianqi , Zhong Yu , Huang Feifan , Liu Gui-Shi , Chen Yaofei , Luo Yunhan , Chen Zhe
Published: April 2024

Bifurcation of exceptional points (EPs), particularly higher-order EPs, can offer applications in metrology by amplifying sensitivity, but this method suffers from a tradeoff between sensitivity and robustness. To break this constraint, we experimentally introduce nonlinearity into the EP degeneracy lifting at the coupled electric resonators and observe a sixth-order nonlinear bifurcation which amplifies the sensitivity elevenfold compared to the conventional EP-based approach operating in the linear regime, while maintaining the degrees of freedom, thereby without cost in robustness. Moreover, we discover a chaotic dynamics near the EP due to the nonlinear contribution, which constitutes a distinct difference from the EP degeneracy lifting in the linear regime with random noise. Our study expands the scope of EP degeneracy lifting into nonlinearity, providing a paradigm to exploit the benefit of EPs.
D2/D3 dopamine supports the precision of mental state inferences and self-relevance of joint social outcomes
Authors: Barnby J. M. , Bell V. , Deeley Q. , Mehta M. A. , Moutoussis M.
Published: April 2024

Striatal dopamine is important in paranoid attributions, although its computational role in social inference remains elusive. We employed a simple game-theoretic paradigm and computational model of intentional attributions to investigate the effects of dopamine D2/D3 antagonism on ongoing mental state inference following social outcomes. Haloperidol, compared with the placebo, enhanced the impact of partner behaviour on beliefs about the harmful intent of partners, and increased learning from recent encounters. These alterations caused substantial changes to model covariation and negative correlations between self-interest and harmful intent attributions. Our findings suggest that haloperidol improves belief flexibility about others and simultaneously reduces the self-relevance of social observations. Our results may reflect the role of D2/D3 dopamine in supporting self-relevant mentalising. Our data and model bridge theory between general and social accounts of value representation. We demonstrate initial evidence for the sensitivity of our model and short social paradigm to drug intervention and clinical dimensions, allowing distinctions between mechanisms that operate across traits and states.
A subset of megakaryocytes regulates development of hematopoietic stem cell precursors
Authors: Lan Wenlang , Li Jinping , Ye Zehua , Liu Yumin , Luo Sifan , Lu Xun , Cao Zhan , Chen Yifan , Chen Hongtian , Li Zhuan
Published: April 2024

Understanding the regulatory mechanisms facilitating hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) specification during embryogenesis is important for the generation of HSCs in vitro. Megakaryocyte emerged from the yolk sac and produce platelets, which are involved in multiple biological processes, such as preventing hemorrhage. However, whether megakaryocytes regulate HSC development in the embryonic aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region is unclear. Here, we use platelet factor 4 (PF4)-Cre;Rosa-tdTomato+ cells to report presence of megakaryocytes in the HSC developmental niche. Further, we use the PF4-Cre;Rosa-DTA (DTA) depletion model to reveal that megakaryocytes control HSC specification in the mouse embryos. Megakaryocyte deficiency blocks the generation and maturation of pre-HSCs and alters HSC activity at the AGM. Furthermore, megakaryocytes promote endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition in a OP9-DL1 coculture system. Single-cell RNA-sequencing identifies megakaryocytes positive for the cell surface marker CD226 as the subpopulation with highest potential in promoting the hemogenic fate of endothelial cells by secreting TNFSF14. In line, TNFSF14 treatment rescues hematopoietic cell function in megakaryocyte-depleted cocultures. Taken together, megakaryocytes promote production and maturation of pre-HSCs, acting as a critical microenvironmental control factor during embryonic hematopoiesis.
Genome-wide CRISPR screens identify novel regulators of wild-type and mutant p53 stability
Authors: Lü YiQing , Cho Tiffany , Mukherjee Saptaparna , Suarez Carmen Florencia , Gonzalez-Foutel Nicolas S , Malik Ahmad , Martinez Sebastien , Dervovic Dzana , Oh Robin Hyunseo , Langille Ellen , Al-Zahrani Khalid N , Hoeg Lisa , Lin Zhen Yuan , Tsai Ricky , Mbamalu Geraldine , Rotter Varda , Ashton-Prolla Patricia , Moffat Jason , Chemes Lucia Beatriz , Gingras Anne-Claude , Oren Moshe , Durocher Daniel , Schramek Daniel
Published: April 2024

Tumor suppressor p53 (TP53) is frequently mutated in cancer, often resulting not only in loss of its tumor-suppressive function but also acquisition of dominant-negative and even oncogenic gain-of-function traits. While wild-type p53 levels are tightly regulated, mutants are typically stabilized in tumors, which is crucial for their oncogenic properties. Here, we systematically profiled the factors that regulate protein stability of wild-type and mutant p53 using marker-based genome-wide CRISPR screens. Most regulators of wild-type p53 also regulate p53 mutants, except for p53 R337H regulators, which are largely private to this mutant. Mechanistically, FBXO42 emerged as a positive regulator for a subset of p53 mutants, working with CCDC6 to control USP28-mediated mutant p53 stabilization. Additionally, C16orf72/HAPSTR1 negatively regulates both wild-type p53 and all tested mutants. C16orf72/HAPSTR1 is commonly amplified in breast cancer, and its overexpression reduces p53 levels in mouse mammary epithelium leading to accelerated breast cancer. This study offers a network perspective on p53 stability regulation, potentially guiding strategies to reinforce wild-type p53 or target mutant p53 in cancer.
Standard addition method for rapid, cultivation-independent quantification of Legionella pneumophila cells by qPCR in biotrickling filters
Authors: Schwaiger Gerhard , Matt Marco , Streich Philipp , Bromann Sarah , Clauß Marcus , Elsner Martin , Seidel Michael
Published: April 2024

A standard addition method for qPCR by spiking the target bacteria increases the trueness of the qPCR results in complex matrices.
The influence of model building schemes and molecular dynamics sampling on QM-cluster models: the chorismate mutase case study
Authors: Agbaglo Donatus A. , Summers Thomas J. , Cheng Qianyi , DeYonker Nathan J.
Published: April 2024

Most QM-cluster models of enzymes are constructed based on X-ray crystal structures, which limits comparison to in vivo structure and mechanism. This work introduces an MD to QM-cluster model workflow.
Synergistic effect between ZnCo2O4 and Co3O4 induces superior electrochemical performance as anodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Tomar Anubha , Zulkifli  , Singh Jay , Singh Satendra Pal , Kim Jaekook , Rai Alok Kumar
Published: April 2024

A facile hydrothermal approach was used to prepare a nanosheet ZnCo2O4/Co3O4 nanocomposite anode using urea to maintain a basic medium and PVP as surfactant. The nanocomposite exhibits superior performance compared to pure Co3O4 and ZnCo2O4 anodes.
Investigating the enhancement of lung cancer sensing: the effect of edge halogenation in armchair stanene nanoribbons
Authors: Mashhadbani Maedeh , Faizabadi Edris
Published: April 2024

Edge-halogenated ASNR improves lung cancer biomarker detection due to higher electronegativity, ideal for bond passivation. However, its sensing weakens with higher atomic numbers on the periodic table.
Tailoring a suitable partner system for cholinium cation to build effective solvents for biomass deconstruction
Authors: Hou Xuedan , Feng Guojian , Chen Zishi , Wu Hongjie , Zhao Hengyun , Cao Shilin , Hallett Jason P.
Published: April 2024

Comparative study of cholinium based solvents for biomass deconstruction by theoretical calculation and simulation.
Spatially controlled diffusion range of tumor-associated angiogenic factors to develop a tumor model using a microfluidic resistive circuit
Authors: Hsu Yu-Hsiang , Yang Wen-Chih , Chen Yi-Ting , Lin Che-Yu , Yang Chiou-Fong , Liu Wei-Wen , Shivani Subhashree , Li Pai-Chi
Published: April 2024

The DC-MPS device uses a velocity V-clamp to create a partition with a steep concentration gradient for simultaneously developing vasculogenic vessels and a tumor. It enables vessel–tumor interaction to develop a tumor model with angiogenic vessels.
Advancements in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) for self-powered photodetectors: challenges, properties, and functionalization strategies
Authors: Rani Alka , Verma Arpit , Yadav Bal Chandra
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of self-powered photodetectors, emphasizing the emerging role of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) as promising materials for addressing their growing need in this field.
Rational design of bimetallic alloys for effective hydrodechlorination of 4-chlorophenol
Authors: Shenoy Chaitra S. , Gupta Shelaka , Haider M. Ali , Khan Tuhin S.
Published: April 2024

A combined density functional theory (DFT) and microkinetic model (MKM)-based approach is applied to design Pd-based A3B type bimetallic alloys – Pd3Cu, Pd3Ag and Pd3Au for hydrodechlorination (HDC) reaction of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP).
Elucidation of the structural features and photoluminescence properties of a hydrothermally-synthesized γ-KEu(MoO4)2 microcrystal phosphor with metastable orthorhombic structure and differences in the luminescence properties by structure transition due to Y3+-dilution
Authors: Hasegawa Takuya , Noda Suzuka , Hikita Wataru , Toda Kenji , Okawa Ayahisa , Yin Shu
Published: April 2024

Potassium europium molybdate, KEu(MoO4)2, is an intriguing material known for its efficient luminescence properties attributed to Eu3+ ions and its polymorphic nature.
A highly sensitive ion-selective chemiresistive sensor for online monitoring of lead ions in water
Authors: Darestani-Farahani Maryam , Mendoza Montealegre Isabella , Tavakkoli Gilavan Mehraneh , Kirby Thomas , Selvaganapathy Ponnambalam Ravi , Kruse Peter
Published: April 2024

Ion-selective chemiresistor for Pb2+ detection that eliminates the need for a reference electrode and achieves a lower LoD than potentiometry.
One-step electrodeposited hybrid nanofilms in amperometric biosensor development
Authors: Silina Yuliya E.
Published: April 2024

This review summarizes developments in amperometric biosensors with electrodeposited sensing films. It was shown how the analytical merit of one-step designed biosensors can be controlled by the change of chemical factors within the same engineering platform.
FEN1-assisted DNA logic amplifier circuit for fast and compact DNA computing
Authors: Xiang Zheng , Zheng Jia-Yi , Ma Xueping , Chu Yanan , Song Qinxin , Zhou Guohua , Zou Bingjie , Wu Haiping , Wang Chen
Published: April 2024

This work developed DNA amplifier logic gates (AND-OR, OR-AND, FAN-IN, FAN-OUT, and 4-bit square-root circuits) using a flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1)-catalyzed signal amplification reaction, for the fastest and compact DNA computing.
Energy harnessing and storage from surface switching with a ferroelectric electrolyte
Authors: Braga Maria Helena
Published: April 2024

Ferroelectric topological insulator electrolytes hold potential in energy applications, particularly in creating efficient batteries. Their combination of ferroelectric and topological insulator properties reduces energy dissipation and enhances operational efficiency.
A bioetching-induced visualized-organic photoelectrochemical transistor dual-signal mode sensor for alkaline phosphatase detection
Authors: Fan Cunhao , Lai Jingjie , Zhou Xilong , Liu Yuanhao , Shao Zhiying , Di Kezuo , You Fuheng , Ding Lijun , Wang Kun
Published: April 2024

Building and functioning of a visualized-OPECT sensor, along with real photographs of the sensing elements in action.
In situ P-doping induced Se vacancies enhance the supercapacitor performance of NiCo2Se4
Authors: Wang Miaomiao , Liu Weizhe , Zhang Li , Liu Huanli , Yang Xiao
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we report the synthesis of P-doped NiCo2Sex nanomaterials with rich Se vacancies induced by P doping, which greatly improves the supercapacitor performance of electrode materials.
New 8-hydroxy quinoline-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) conjugates and their sulfonated derivatives: effects of sulfonation and PAH size on their structural, supramolecular and cytotoxic properties
Authors: Sehlangia Suman , Dogra Surbhi , Mondal Prosenjit , Pradeep Chullikkattil P.
Published: April 2024

The ring size of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and sulfonation affect the supramolecular interactions and cytotoxic properties of a new series of 8-hydroxy quinoline-PAH conjugates.
Spin-polarized currents induced in antiferromagnetic polymer multilayered field-effect transistors
Authors: Sun Shih-Jye , Menŝík Miroslav , Toman Petr
Published: April 2024

A theoretical construction of an antiferromagnetic polymer multilayered field-effect transistor with polymers stretched between the source and drain contacts was undertaken.
First-principles mode-specific reaction dynamics
Authors: Czakó Gábor , Gruber Balázs , Papp Dóra , Tajti Viktor , Tasi Domonkos A. , Yin Cangtao
Published: April 2024

We describe a first-principles vibrational and rotational mode-specific reaction dynamics approach and its applications for several neutral and anionic systems with positive and negative barriers.
Carbonic anhydrase assisted acidogenic fermentation of forest residues for low carbon hydrogen and volatile fatty acid production: enhancedin situCO2reduction and microbiological analysis
Authors: Sarkar Omprakash , Antonopoulou Io , Xiros Charilaos , Bruce Ylva , Souadkia Sarra , Rova Ulrika , Christakopoulos Paul , Matsakas Leonidas
Published: April 2024

The significance of carbonic anhydrase in facilitating acidogenic fermentation of forest residues for low-carbon hydrogen and volatile fatty acid production.
Direct trifluoromethylthiolation of terminal alkynes mediated by a hypervalent trifluoromethylthio-iodine(iii) reagent; boosting effect of fluorinated alcohol
Authors: Cheng Yu-Xin , Yang Xiao-Guang , Du Feng-Huan , Zhang Chi
Published: April 2024

We reported a direct simple trifluoromethylthiolation reaction of various terminal alkynes using a new hypervalent trifluoromethylthio-iodine(iii) reagent TFTI in a fluorinated alcohol, either hexafluoro-2-propanol or perfluoro-tert-butanol.
Octadecyl acrylate-based self-supporting elastic phase change framework materials for the enhancement of photovoltaic conversion efficiency
Authors: Qian Yongqiang , Tan Lei , He Wentao , Liao Liling , Wu Yongjia , Chen Yiyang , Li Dan , Zhang Xu , Wang Guxia , Wei Yen , Guo Shengwei
Published: April 2024

Self-supporting phase change aerogel was developed, capable of transforming into phase change gels by absorbing SLPCMs or more efficiently through a simplified "one-step" process.
Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in atomic spectrometry and related techniques
Authors: Evans E. Hywel , Pisonero Jorge , Smith Clare M. M. , Taylor Rex N.
Published: April 2024

This review covers advances in atomic spectrometric techniques, including atomic emission, absorption, fluorescence and mass spectrometry. Material on speciation and coupled techniques is not covered as this is included in a separate ASU review.
Preparation of Fe/CuFe2O4 embedded in porous carbon composites for removal of tetracycline from aqueous solution
Authors: Liu Menghe , Zou Congyang , Wang Yong , Zhou Zhuyou , Ji Yufeng
Published: April 2024

The possible reaction mechanism of TC degradation by a PS/FCC system.
Near-infrared responsive magnetic photocatalyst based on NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+@Cu2O@MoS2@Fe3O4 for the efficient degradation of organic contaminants
Authors: Ma Yuangong , Zhang Wensheng , Wu Zhifang , Liang Zhishan , Huang Youlin , Tan Qingmei , Liu Tianren , Han Dongxue , Niu Li
Published: April 2024

In the realm of photocatalysis, effectively utilizing solar energy, especially the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum, presents substantial challenges.
Photorelease of nitric oxide from Pluronic F127/chitosan hydrogels incorporating a water soluble ruthenium nitrosyl complex
Authors: Gzam Hazem , Katar Dalel , Tassé Marine , Xiao Yue , Malfant Isabelle , Fitremann Juliette , Vicendo Patricia , Mingotaud Anne-Françoise , de Caro Dominique
Published: April 2024

In this paper, the NO donor trans-(Cl,Cl)-[Ru(FT)Cl2(NO)]Cl (Ru–NO) was incorporated in a Pluronic F127 (PL)–chitosan (CS) biocompatible hydrogel.
Modulating the geometrical sites of cobalt phosphates by autologous pyrolysis for electrocatalytic water oxidation
Authors: Shang Fanfan , Yang Shujiao , Zhang Wei
Published: April 2024

Autologous Co3(PO4)2 showed higher OER activity than that of Co3(OH)2(HPO4)2. This was because the four-coordination CoII possessed a high turnover frequency and was easily transformed into high-valent active cobalt(hydr)oxide species.
Interfacial coupling of transition-metal composites with nitrogen-doped carbon as efficient catalysts of hydrogenation of nitro compounds
Authors: Li Yingping , Chen Zhiqiang , Wang Jieyue , Wang Mingyue , Wang Wenhai , Ye Mingfu , Wu Dehong , Jiang Binbin , Wu Konglin
Published: April 2024

Interfacial bonds in catalysts play a key role in the hydrogenation of nitro compounds. The developed Cr2O3/NC, Mo2C/NC, V2O3/NC and WOx/NC catalysts show impressive performances for nitro compounds hydrogenation.
Carborane-containing stereoregular cyclic phenylsiloxanes: synthesis, structure and properties
Authors: Minyaylo E. O. , Kudryavtseva A. I. , Anisimov A. A. , Zaitsev A. V. , Khanin D. A. , Ol'shevskaya V. A. , Buzin M. I. , Peregudov A. S. , Shchegolikhina O. I. , Muzafarov A. M.
Published: April 2024

The synthesis of novel stereoregular carborane-containing phenylcyclosiloxanes (4, 5, 6, 8, and 12 –SiO– units in the ring) has been developed.
An optimized metastructure switchable between ultra-wideband angle-insensitive absorption and transmissive polarization conversion: a theoretical study
Authors: Tang Zhao , Wu You-Ran , Li Si-Ying , Zhang Hai-Feng
Published: April 2024

An optimized metastructure (MS) switchable between ultra-wideband (UWB) angle-insensitive absorption, and transmissive linear-to-circular (LTC) polarization conversion (PC), is proposed, which is a theoretical study.
Electrochemical and photochemical reaction of isatins: a decade update
Authors: Gotgi Nandini M. , Jain J. Saurab , Pal Rita , Ghosh Debashis
Published: April 2024

This review presents all the recent reports on electro- and photochemical reactions of isatins over the last decade.
Selective recognition between aromatics and aliphatics by cage-shaped borates supported by a machine learning approach
Authors: Tsutsui Yuya , Yanaka Issei , Takeda Kazuhiro , Kondo Masaru , Takizawa Shinobu , Kojima Ryosuke , Konishi Akihito , Yasuda Makoto
Published: April 2024

Exploration of a Lewis acid with high selectivity for hydrocarbon moieties is assisted by a machine learning approach. Molecular polarizability is an essential factor, leading to design guidelines for Lewis acid catalysts with dispersion forces.
Disruption of lipid metabolism to induce ferroptosis using multifunctional fibrate-Pt(iv) prodrugs for cancer treatment
Authors: Sun Peng , Wang Jia-Qian , Xie Qiang , Ren Xuan-Lin , Qiao Xin , Xu Jing-Yuan
Published: April 2024

Two multifunctional fibrate-Pt(iv) prodrugs, 1 and 3, bearing lipid-modulating agents, exhibited impressive anticancer activity by triggering ferroptosis and apoptosis.
A Cu3BiS3 based photocathode for solar water splitting for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Cao Yuxi , Yu Zhipeng , Huang Shiping , Ren Xiaoliang , Liang Yuhang , Shi Zhengtao , Li Zhouyi , Jiang Feng
Published: April 2024

This work summarizes the synthesis of Cu3BiS3 and provides a comprehensive overview of the research progress concerning Cu3BiS3 photocathodes. We analyze the existing problems and prospects to provide some positive suggestions for the development of Cu3BiS3 photocathodes.
Thermokinetic analyses of metal-sensitive reactions in a ceramic flow calorimeter
Authors: S. Soritz , A. Sommitsch , S. Irndorfer , D. Brouczek , M. Schwentenwein , I. J. G. Priestley , A. V. Iosub , J. P. Krieger , H. Gruber-Woelfler
Published: April 2024

A ceramic flow calorimeter for metal-sensitive reactions is characterized and used to obtain thermokinetic data on highly exothermic reactions.
Anorexigenic neuropeptides as anti-obesity and neuroprotective agents
Authors: Strnadová Veronika , Pačesová Andrea , Charvát Vilém , Šmotková Zuzana , Železná Blanka , Kuneš Jaroslav , Maletínská Lenka
Published: April 2024

Since 1975, the incidence of obesity has increased to epidemic proportions, and the number of patients with obesity has quadrupled. Obesity is a major risk factor for developing other serious diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Recent epidemiologic studies have defined obesity as a risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other types of dementia. Despite all these serious comorbidities associated with obesity, there is still a lack of effective antiobesity treatment. Promising candidates for the treatment of obesity are anorexigenic neuropeptides, which are peptides produced by neurons in brain areas implicated in food intake regulation, such as the hypothalamus or the brainstem. These peptides efficiently reduce food intake and body weight. Moreover, because of the proven interconnection between obesity and the risk of developing AD, the potential neuroprotective effects of these two agents in animal models of neurodegeneration have been examined. The objective of this review was to explore anorexigenic neuropeptides produced and acting within the brain, emphasizing their potential not only for the treatment of obesity but also for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Alveolar epithelial cells of lung fibrosis patients are susceptible to severe virus-induced injury
Authors: Read Jane , Reid Andrew T. , Thomson Claire , Plit Marshall , Mejia Ross , Knight Darryl A. , Lize Muriel , El Kasmi Karim , Grainge Christopher L. , Stahl Heiko , Schuliga Michael
Published: April 2024

Patients with pulmonary fibrosis (PF) often experience exacerbations of their disease, characterised by a rapid, severe deterioration in lung function that is associated with high mortality. Whilst the pathobiology of such exacerbations is poorly understood, virus infection is a trigger. The present study investigated virus-induced injury responses of alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells (AECs and BECs, respectively) from patients with PF and age-matched controls (Ctrls). Air–liquid interface (ALI) cultures of AECs, comprising type I and II pneumocytes or BECs were inoculated with influenza A virus (H1N1) at 0.1 multiplicity of infection (MOI). Levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-36γ and IL-1β were elevated in cultures of AECs from PF patients (PF-AECs, n = 8–11), being markedly higher than Ctrl-AECs (n = 5–6), 48 h post inoculation (pi) (P<0.05); despite no difference in H1N1 RNA copy numbers 24 h pi. Furthermore, the virus-induced inflammatory responses of PF-AECs were greater than BECs (from either PF patients or controls), even though viral loads in the BECs were overall 2- to 3-fold higher than AECs. Baseline levels of the senescence and DNA damage markers, nuclear p21, p16 and H2AXγ were also significantly higher in PF-AECs than Ctrl-AECs and further elevated post-infection. Senescence induction using etoposide augmented virus-induced injuries in AECs (but not viral load), whereas selected senotherapeutics (rapamycin and mitoTEMPO) were protective. The present study provides evidence that senescence increases the susceptibility of AECs from PF patients to severe virus-induced injury and suggests targeting senescence may provide an alternative option to prevent or treat the exacerbations that worsen the underlying disease.
Critical Design Considerations on Continuous Frequency Modulation Localization Systems
Authors: Al-Qudsi Belal , El-Shennawy Mohammed , Joram Niko , Gunia Marco , Ellinger Frank
Published: April 2024

Real‐time locating systems (RTLSs) suffer from clock synchronization inaccuracy among their distributed reference nodes. Conventional systems require periodic time synchronization and typically necessitate a two‐way ranging (TWR) clock synchronization protocol to eliminate their measurement errors. Particularly, frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave (FMCW) time‐based location systems pose unique design considerations on the TWR that have a significant impact on the quality of their measurements. In this paper, a valid operation design diagram is proposed for the case of an FMCW time‐based TWR synchronization protocol. The proposed diagram represents an intersection area of two boundary curves that indicate the functionality of the system at a given frequency bandwidth, spectral length, and clock synchronization ambiguity. It presents an intuitive illustration of the measurement’s expected accuracy by indicating a larger intersection area for relaxed design conditions and vice versa. Furthermore, the absence of a working condition can easily be detected before proceeding with the actual system development. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed diagram, four scenarios with different design constraints were evaluated in a Monte‐Carlo model of a basic TWR system. Moreover, an experimental measurement setup demonstrated the validity of the proposed diagram. Both the simulation and experimental outcomes show that the indicated valid conditions and the distribution of the measurements’ accuracy are in very good agreement.
Exploiting DBSCAN and Combination Strategy to Prioritize the Test Suite in Regression Testing
Authors: Zhang Zikang , Chen Jinfu , Gu Yuechao , Li Zhehao , Sosu Rexford Nii Ayitey
Published: April 2024

Test case prioritization techniques improve the fault detection rate by adjusting the execution sequence of test cases. For static black‐box test case prioritization techniques, existing methods generally improve the fault detection rate by increasing the early diversity of execution sequences based on string distance differences. However, such methods have a high time overhead and are less stable. This paper proposes a novel test case prioritization method (DC‐TCP) based on density‐based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) and combination policies. By introducing a combination strategy to model the inputs to generate a mapping model, the test inputs are mapped to consistent types to improve generality. The DBSCAN method is then used to refine the classification of test cases further, and finally, the Firefly search strategy is introduced to improve the effectiveness of sequence merging. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DC‐TCP method outperforms other methods in terms of the average percentage of faults detected and exhibits advantages in terms of time efficiency when compared to several existing static black‐box sorting methods.
Person re‐identification via deep compound eye network and pose repair module
Authors: Gu Hongjian , Zou Wenxuan , Cheng Keyang , Wu Bin , Ghafoor Humaira Abdul , Zhan Yongzhao
Published: April 2024

Person re‐identification is aimed at searching for specific target pedestrians from non‐intersecting cameras. However, in real complex scenes, pedestrians are easily obscured, which makes the target pedestrian search task time‐consuming and challenging. To address the problem of pedestrians' susceptibility to occlusion, a person re‐identification via deep compound eye network (CEN) and pose repair module is proposed, which includes (1) A deep CEN based on multi‐camera logical topology is proposed, which adopts graph convolution and a Gated Recurrent Unit to capture the temporal and spatial information of pedestrian walking and finally carries out pedestrian global matching through the Siamese network; (2) An integrated spatial‐temporal information aggregation network is designed to facilitate pose repair. The target pedestrian features under the multi‐level logic topology camera are utilised as auxiliary information to repair the occluded target pedestrian image, so as to reduce the impact of pedestrian mismatch due to pose changes; (3) A joint optimisation mechanism of CEN and pose repair network is introduced, where multi‐camera logical topology inference provides auxiliary information and retrieval order for the pose repair network. The authors conducted experiments on multiple datasets, including Occluded‐DukeMTMC, CUHK‐SYSU, PRW, SLP, and UJS‐reID. The results indicate that the authors’ method achieved significant performance across these datasets. Specifically, on the CUHK‐SYSU dataset, the authors’ model achieved a top‐1 accuracy of 89.1% and a mean Average Precision accuracy of 83.1% in the recognition of occluded individuals.
Changes in performance and thermal stability of Ni0.8Co0.1Al0.1/graphite batteries with excessive water
Authors: Liu Xi , Mao Jingbo , Yan Hongtao , Lin Chunjing , Qi Chuang , Yan Tao , Lao Li , Sun Yazhou
Published: April 2024

During the production process of lithium‐ion batteries, there exists a scenario of excessive water inside the battery due to poor water control in the factory environment. In addition, the battery housing may be damaged by corrosion, external vibration etc., which would cause water to enter the battery. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is little literature to reveal the influencing mechanism related to the above issue. The effects of excessive water on battery performance and safety were discussed. The results show that when the battery absorbs excessive water, the capacity decreases and the self‐discharging rate increases rapidly. The self‐heating temperature of the battery shows an increasing trend. The thermal runaway temperature decreases significantly with the time from self‐heating to thermal runaway dramatically shortened. The thermal stability of the battery deteriorates throughout the reaction process. This is mainly due to the mechanisms by which the water absorbed in the battery reacts with the electrolyte and the electrode material, resulting in the decrease of the electrolyte conductivity and the corrosion of the electrode material, as well as the thickening of the Solid Electrolyte Interface film and the accumulation of impurities. The findings are of positive significance in demonstrating the quantitative relationship between excessive water and the performance and safety of batteries. Also, it can add to the understanding of the complex scenarios of battery spontaneous failure, which is vital for solving battery self‐thermal runaways.
Silver‐coated copper nanocomposites synthesis using the essence of Foeniculum vulgare mill and estimation of its antibacterial and cytotoxicity effects
Authors: Sharifalhoseini Mohammad , Vaezi Gholamhasan , Es‐haghi Ali , Shajiee Hooman
Published: April 2024

The Cu3.96Ag0.04 nanoparticles were synthesized using the essence of Foeniculum vulgare Mill for the first time. The particles were fully analysed by conventional characterization methods such as powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results have shown the crystal structure of silver copper particles and the crystallite size obtained by the Scherer equation was 23.2 nm. The TEM images interestingly displayed the formation of nanorods in the solid phase with nearly 5 nm widths and different lengths up to 100 nm. The hydrodynamic size is also compatible with the solid phase and crystallite sizes. Biologically, the particles were tested against infective gram negative and gram positive bacteria. The synthetic NPs show strong antibacterial properties against gram negative bacteria. Also, the synthesized nanoparticles had an inhibitory effect on the growth of cancer cells, which was dose‐ and time‐dependent.
Frequency control in an isolated wind‐diesel hybrid system with energy storage and an irrigation water supply system
Authors: Monroy‐Morales José Luis , Peña‐Alzola Rafael , Sebastián‐Fernández Rafael , Campos‐Gaona David , Castellano Jerónimo Quesada , Guardado José L.
Published: April 2024

Wind‐Diesel Hybrid Systems (WDHSs) integrate wind turbines into diesel power systems, reducing costs and emissions in isolated grids. Due to the no‐load consumption of the Diesel Generators (DGs), fuel savings are only possible when the DGs are shut down. This requires a proper implementation of the frequency control to avoid perturbations because of the wind speed variations. During wind‐only (WO) operation, the Synchronous Machine (SM) generates the isolated grid voltage and the frequency controller varies the energy stored/supplied by an Energy Storage System and consumed by the controllable loads to balance the power. In this paper, a Battery‐based Energy Storage System (BESS) uses Li‐Ion batteries with a Dual Active Bridge (DAB) and a grid‐tie inverter connected to the isolated network. The controllable load is an Irrigation Water Supply System (IWSS), consisting of a pump supplying water to a reservoir tank. The pump is driven by a variable speed drive that uses a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). The coordinated control of BESS and IWSS gives full priority to the BESS for harnessing the wind potential whereas the IWSS consumes the excess of wind power. The full Wind Diesel Power System (WDPS) is modelled and simulated to validate the proposed system for different case scenarios.
COSMOGLOBE DR1 results
Authors: Watts D. J. , Fuskeland U. , Aurlien R. , Basyrov A. , Bianchi L. A. , Brilenkov M. , Eriksen H. K. , Fornazier K. S. F. , Galloway M. , Gjerløw E. , Hensley B. , Hergt L. T. , Herman D. , Ihle H. , Lee K. , Lunde J. G. S. , Nerval S. K. , San M. , Stutzer N. O. , Thommesen H. , Wehus I. K.
Published: April 2024

We present the first model of full-sky polarized synchrotron emission that is derived from all WMAP and Planck LFI frequency maps. The basis of this analysis is the set of end-to-end reprocessed COSMOGLOBE Data Release 1 (DR1) sky maps presented in a companion paper, which have significantly lower instrumental systematics than the legacy products from each experiment. We find that the resulting polarized synchrotron amplitude map has an average noise rms per 2° full width at half maximum (FWHM) beam of 3.2 μK at 30 GHz. This is 30% lower than the recently released BEYONDPLANCK model that included only LFI+WMAP Ka–V data, and 29% lower than the WMAP K-band map alone. The mean B-to-E power spectrum ratio is 0.39 ± 0.02, with amplitudes consistent with those measured previously by Planck and QUIJOTE. Assuming a power law model for the synchrotron spectral energy distribution and using the T–T plot method, we find a full-sky inverse noise-variance-weighted mean of the synchrotron polarized spectral index of βs = −3.07 ± 0.07 from the COSMOGLOBE DR1 K band and 30 GHz, in good agreement with previous estimates. In summary, the novel COSMOGLOBE DR1 synchrotron model is both more sensitive and systematically cleaner than similar previous models, and it has a more complete error description that is defined by a set of Monte Carlo posterior samples. We believe that these products are preferable over previous Planck and WMAP products for all synchrotron-related scientific applications, including simulations, forecasting, and component separation.
Yellow hypergiant V509 Cas: Stable in the ‘yellow void’
Authors: Kasikov A. , Kolka I. , Aret A. , Eenmäe T. , Checha V.
Published: April 2024

Context. The yellow hypergiant star V509 Cas is currently undergoing an extreme phase of evolution. Having experienced eruptive mass-loss outbursts in the 20th century, the star’s effective temperature reached record high values in the early 2000s. However, since then, the star’s behaviour has displayed an unprecedented level of stability. In spite of that, the star could be traversing through the ‘yellow void’ instability region.

Aims. To describe the current evolutionary state of V509 Cas, we analysed its variability using photometric and spectroscopic data collected over recent years. By comparing our findings with historical records, we aim to determine whether the star’s surface shows signs of stabilisation. Additionally, we investigate the variability of emission components in the wings of certain spectral lines to highlight the contribution of the circumstellar gaseous disc to this phenomenon.

Methods. Our spectroscopic monitoring observations were carried out at Tartu Observatory over the course of seven years, supplemented by echelle spectra obtained at the Nordic Optical Telescope, as well as publicly available photometric data from Gaia, AAVSO, and AAVSO’s Bright Star Monitor programme. We estimated the variability of effective temperature and radial velocity from the spectral time series and correlated it with the brightness variability of V509 Cas.

Results. The results indicate that the star’s average brightness level has remained stable throughout the observed period, with an amplitude of variability ∼0.1 mag. While the amplitude of short-term temperature fluctuations has decreased compared to the early 2000s, the variability of the radial velocity remains similar to historical values from the early 20th century. Moreover, we show how the variable radial velocity affects the emission components in some absorption lines (e.g. Sc II) and how that follows the hypothesis of a disc surrounding the star.
Radial gradients of CO absorptions and abundance ratios in the bulge of M31
Authors: La Barbera F. , Vazdekis A. , Pasquali A. , Heidt J. , Gargiulo A. , Eftekhari E.
Published: April 2024

We present new H- and K-band spectroscopy for the bulge of M31, taken with the LUCI spectrograph at the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). We studied radial trends of CO absorption features (namely, CO1.58, CO1.60, CO1.64, CO1.66, CO1.68, CO2.30, CO2.32, and CO2.35) in the bulge of M31, out to a galactocentric distance of ∼100″ (∼380 pc). We find that most COs do not exhibit a strong radial gradient, despite the strong metallicity gradient inferred from the optical spectral range, except for CO1.64, showing a steep increase in the center. We compared the observed line strengths to predictions of different state-of-the-art stellar population models, including an updated version of EMILES models, which also uses the extended IRTF spectral library. The observed COs are close to models’ predictions, but in some models they turn out to be underestimated. We find that the lack of radial gradients is due to the combination of increasing CO strength with metallicity and C abundance, and decreasing CO strength with IMF slope and O abundance. We speculate that the steep gradient of CO1.64 might be due to Na overabundance. Remarkably, we were able to fit, at the same time, optical indices and all the NIR COs (except for CO1.68), leaving abundance ratios (i.e., [C/Fe], [O/Fe], and [Mg/Fe]) as free-fitting parameters, imposing age and metallicity constraints from the optical spectral range, with no significant contribution from intermediate-age populations (∼1 Gyr-old). For the majority of the bulge, we find [Mg/Fe] ∼ 0.15 dex, [O/Fe] larger than [Mg/Fe] (by ∼0.1 dex), and C abundance consistent with that of Mg. In the central (few arcsec) region, we still find an enhancement of O and Mg, but significantly lower [C/Fe]. We find that the COs’ line strengths of the bulge are significantly lower than those of massive galaxies, possibly because of a difference in carbon abundance, as well as, to some extent, total metallicity.
Enhancing Agricultural Decision-Making through Data Analysis: Predicting Crop Health Outcomes
Authors: Sabeeh Esraa , Zuhair Al-Taie Mohammed
Published: April 2024

This research employs advanced data analysis techniques to predict crop health outcomes during harvest seasons, with a focus on insect count, pesticide use, and soil type. The study encompasses two main components: feature correlation and predictive modeling. Feature engineering techniques are applied to capture variations in pesticide use and insect infestation, enhancing predictive capabilities. Ensemble methods, including Random Forest, XGBoost, and Decision Trees, are employed to forecast patterns of crop damage based on identified trends. Decision Trees exhibit robust capabilities, achieving an impressive accuracy rate of 90.03%. Random Forest excels with a robust accuracy of 90.35%, highlighting its classification abilities. XGBoost stands out with an accuracy rate of 86.51%. In contrast, Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, and Convolutional Neural Networks face challenges, displaying lower accuracy. The evaluation further emphasizes the strength of ensemble methods and Decision Trees through precision, recall, and F1-Score metrics, providing a comprehensive understanding of relationships within pesticide damage. The framework of the study introduced in this paper can be seen as a major step forward with regard to agricultural decision-making. We present actionable strategies to enhance crop health while reducing damage through the integration of feature correlation, predictive modeling and precise evaluation metrics. The innovativeness is in the use of ensemble methods and Decision Trees that are implemented to promote informed decision-making among stakeholders through a sustainable approach to agriculture.
Comparing two cryptographic hash algorithms: SHA-512 and whirlpool- a case study on file integrity monitoring
Authors: Al-Shareefi Farah , Al-Barmani Zahraa
Published: April 2024

SHA-512 and Whirlpool are two distinct hashing algorithms in the cryptography domain. Although they are different, these methods share some characteristics; such as both of them produce secure digests of the same size. In addition, being increasingly used for sustaining the integrity of confidential files. As a result, it is crucial to explore a method to contrast and compare their performance. This paper presents a comparative analysis of SHA-512 and Whirlpool, in terms of: time consumption, avalanche effect, and resistance to collision. It also investigates their suitability in the context of File Integrity Monitoring. Our results reveal that Whirlpool outperforms SHA-512 in the avalanche effect scenario, whereas a comparable resistance to the collision behavior is exhibited. Regarding time consumption, it is slower than SHA-512. However, this positively reflects its resistance to brute force attacks.
Improvement the effectiveness of multi-directional low weight solar panel tracking system based on dC relay
Authors: Talib Khazraji Omar
Published: April 2024

Rotating prototypes are utilized to track the sun path and allow solar panels to head towards the sun as long as possible, to growing additional solar power and increasing their efficiency. Therefore, to develop the suggested prototype for Advanced Virtual RISC microcontrollers, the paper suggests that instead of traditional materials like Iron and plastics, it would be possible to use foam polyvinyl chloride material. It can withstand more heat and is capable of reducing the design's weight and energy consumption in comparison to different materials. Furthermore, this work proposes that the sun position tracking is adjusted through a switch operates in a direct current relay to minimize the effects of energy expenditure in control circuits and motors. Consequently, the aforementioned operation will lead to improve the total power system and to set an optimum period for peak direct current relay. Lastly, the advantages of combining solar cells in a series on output voltage from panels are discussed in this work. The experiments revealed that the proposed prototype is more efficient than a static solar system in absorbing higher sunlight, with an average power increase of 34 %. In addition, measurements have shown that the optimal duration of a suggested tracking system can be discretized every 20 minutes in order to achieve maximum efficiency i.e. 34 %. In contrast to a system that monitors continuously, an optimum discretizing time period minimizes 89% of the power used by the moving and microcontroller units.
Applications of Deep Learning Models for Forecasting and Modelling Rainwater in Moscow
Authors: Ramadhan Ali J. , Ray Soumik , Abotaleb Mostafa , Alkattan Hussein , Tiwari Garima , Rawat Deepa , Mishra Pradeep , Yadav Shikha , Tiwari Pushpika , Adebayo Adelaja Oluwaseun , Albadran Zainalabideen
Published: April 2024

To model and forecast complex time series data, machine learning has become a major field. This machine learning study examined Moscow rainfall data's future performance. The dataset is split into 65% training and 35% test sets to build and validate the model. We compared these deep learning models using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) statistic. The LSTM model outperforms the BILSTM and GRU models in this data series. These three models forecast similarly. This information could aid the creation of a complete Moscow weather forecast book. This material would benefit policymakers and scholars. We also believe this study can be used to apply machine learning to complex time series data, transcending statistical approaches.
Concepts of statistical learning and classification in machine learning: An overview
Authors: Alnuaimi Amer F.A.H. , Albaldawi Tasnim H.K.
Published: April 2024

Statistical learning theory serves as the foundational bedrock of Machine learning (ML), which in turn represents the backbone of artificial intelligence, ushering in innovative solutions for real-world challenges. Its origins can be linked to the point where statistics and the field of computing meet, evolving into a distinct scientific discipline. Machine learning can be distinguished by its fundamental branches, encompassing supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, and reinforcement learning. Within this tapestry, supervised learning takes center stage, divided in two fundamental forms: classification and regression. Regression is tailored for continuous outcomes, while classification specializes in categorical outcomes, with the overarching goal of supervised learning being to enhance models capable of predicting class labels based on input features. This review endeavors to furnish a concise, yet insightful reference manual on machine learning, intertwined with the tapestry of statistical learning theory (SLT), elucidating their symbiotic relationship. It demystifies the foundational concepts of classification, shedding light on the overarching principles that govern it. This panoramic view aims to offer a holistic perspective on classification, serving as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and enthusiasts entering the domains of machine learning, artificial intelligence and statistics, by introducing concepts, methods and differences that lead to enhancing their understanding of classification methods.
Development of automatic control system of drum boiler on the basis of fuzzy controller with pid-controller adaptation
Authors: Umurzakova Dilnoza , Abdullayev Timurbek , Khakimov Akhror , Qadamova Zulayho
Published: April 2024

The aim of the study is to reduce energy losses in a drum steam boiler by introducing an automatic control system realized on the basis of fuzzy adaptation of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller coefficients using fuzzy term-multiplications. Control algorithms of the main technological parameters of the boiler unit (air quantity, fuel quantity, steam pressure, feed water flow rate), reducing energy costs due to the maintenance of the ratio of fuel and air pressure in accordance with the mode map of the boiler unit (optimal technological process of combustion and steam formation in a steam boiler) are developed. The structural scheme of the object control is offered, in which, besides regulation of values of technological parameters, full compensation of mutual influence of all regulation circuits is made.