bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN METODE CROSSDOCKING UNTUK MEMINIMUMKAN BIAYA DISTRIBUSI DAN PERSEDIAAN PADA PT. XYZ
Authors: Meirizha St. Nova , Puji Ari Andriyas , Adrian Ardi
Published: July 2021

Rapid technological development changes the form of competition between profit-oriented companies. The presence of new methods of company management is getting more intense due to the demands of a competitive advantage with other companies. One of the areas that can create competitive advantage is the operational sector. Furthermore, Supply Chain Management has become one of the main components as a competitive strategy to develop the productivity and profitability capabilities of a company. Meanwhile, crossdocking systems have been found for a long time, but the application is often not too significant for companies and there is still room for optimization. Therefore, the researcher was interested in carrying out research related to crossdocking. In this study, the target company is PT. XYZ as a distribution center company that has problems in managing distribution costs and supplies to its partners. By implementing crossdocking, it can help companies in minimizing distribution and inventory costs. The steps in this study are determining vehicle distribution routes, calculating the number of distribution fleets, scheduling distribution fleets, calculating the total safety stock and calculating the ratio of the total cost of supplies in the current condition to the proposed conditions. The research results obtained 2 optimal distribution routes with a total distribution fleet of 2 units, divided into fleet 1 with a capacity of 800 units and fleet 2 with a capacity of 767 units. As for the scheduling results, the makespan value of each fleet is obtained, namely 240 minutes for fleet 1 and 248 minutes for fleet 2. The amount of safety stock for each type of cellphone is Y19 with 27 units of safety stock, Y12 with 102 units of safety stock, Y30 with safety stock 75 units and V19 with safety stock 54 units. The total cost of supplies is 2,989,055 rupiah in one order process.
Extended galleries above the porch in two mosques: Qualitative analysis of mosques with wooden minaret in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Jahic Edin
Published: July 2021

Among the many mosques from the Ottoman period in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the most numerous are modest and predominantly wooden mosques covered by a hip roof with an integrated wooden minaret. Although they originate in the long tradition of Turkish single-space mosques, their appearance and construction represent the expression of Bosnian autochthonous architecture. They were mostly built for the needs of the neighborhood (mahala) in smaller and larger towns, but also in rural areas. Due to the perishable materials and various other reasons, they had been renovated several times so changes in appearance were in some cases quite certain. These structures have been insufficiently researched and very few valuable publications are available so far.

Qualitative analysis of significant examples, in addition to the common features by which these mosques differ from large monumental mosques, differences in the spatial concept, as well as the construction of individual elements, were observed. Concerning the shape of the entrance, these mosques have four characteristic solutions: a mosque with a porch, with a porch and a gallery, without a porch, and with a closed vestibule. The analysis also showed that the two mahala mosques in Tuzla had a specific gallery form that deviated from the typical solution. These galleries are extended over the porch on three sides by the application of ingenious carpentry solutions and covered with elongated eaves. In addition, this study showed that thanks to available sources, it was possible to re-establish the original form of the two mosques, which had since been altered.
Antimicrobial activity of Rhipsalis baccifera and Drymoglossum
piloselloides against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus and
Drug Resistant Acinetobacter baumanii.
Authors: Kugaperumal S. D. , De Silva R. D. , Karunarathne T. D. , Gunasekara C. P. , Samarakoon D. N. A. W.
Published: July 2021

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and
multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii are known to cause
delayed healing of infections in both acute and chronic wounds. Plants
are a natural source of novel antimicrobials and many new drugs are
derived from plants, as plants contain phytochemicals that have
antimicrobial activity. Sri Lanka is a tropical country with a wide
variety of plant species, many of which were identified as possessing
medicinal qualities and have been used by traditional medicinal
practitioners in the treatment of various diseases and ailments.
Dressings made of Rhipsalis baccifera and Drymoglossum
piloselloides have been used to treat wounds by Sri Lankan traditional
medicine practitioners. This study determined the antibacterial activity
of aqueous and methanol extracts of R. baccifera and D. piloselloides
against MRSA and Multidrug-resistant A. baumanii. Aqueous and
methanolic extractions of both plants were done by maceration. Their
antibacterial properties were checked against MRSA and A. baumanii
by the well diffusion method. The effectiveness of the extract was
further tested against factors like temperature and storage time.
R. baccifera (aqueous extract) exhibited antimicrobial properties
against MRSA but no activity against A. baumanii. The antibiotic
activity against MRSA was increased after two months of storage at
4°C. D. piloselloides exhibited no antibiotic activity against both
MRSA and A. baumanii. The methanolic extracts did not demonstrate
any antibacterial activity.
Method of Intermittent Normobaric Hypoxic Low-intensity Treadmill Training for Сardiac Rehabilitation of Patients after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Nevzorova Elena V. , Breev Yuri S. , Zasyadko Konstantin I. , Shakula Aleksander V.
Published: July 2021

Aim. To develop a method of intermittent normobaric hypoxic low-intensity treadmill training for cardiac rehabilitation of patients inthe early postoperative stage after coronary artery bypass grafting. To assess the risks cardiovascular system (CVS) complications inusing the method. Material and methods. The study involved 44 patients (10 women aged 50 to 73 years and 34 men aged 40 to 71 years) with coronaryheart disease who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. For cardiac rehabilitation, hypoxic gas mixtures were used, supplied tothe patient for breathing through an oxygen mask in combination with low-intensity training on the ReaTerra treadmill. To assess therisks of CVS complications when applying the method, we used the APKO-8-RIC oscillometric analyzer for cardiac output and bloodpressure parameters. The Robinson indices, endurance coefficient, Kerdo vegetative index, CVS adaptive potential index were calculated.Upon completion of the cardiac rehabilitation program, the subjects completed the SF – 36 Health Status Survey. Results. Studies have shown that the use of the cardiac rehabilitation method restored the level of blood pressure and heart rate,increased the Kerdo index of autonomic balance/ The Robinson index characterized the optimal work of the CVS, the endurance coefficientcharacterized the CVS endurance as satisfactory. The adaptive potential of the CVS corresponded to the physiological values ofthe norm, the activity of the heart was assessed as economical and effective, which testified to the satisfactory adaptation of patientsto the training process with the applied method. According to the questionnaire, physical and psychological components of health inpatients after a training course were qualitatively higher than before training. Conclusion. The method of intermittent normobaric hypoxytherapy in combination with low-intensity treadmill training in patients atthe early postoperative stage after coronary bypass grafting has shown high effectiveness in CVS diseases, contributing to the activationof adaptive, hemodynamic sanogenetic mechanisms, providing stimulation of rehabilitation potential in individuals of differentage groups and does not increase the risk of CVS complications.
The Importance of Insulin Resistance Assessing as the Effectiveness Predictor in Rehabilitation and Observation of Patients after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Pshenichnikova Tatyana V. , Ushakova Svetlana E. , Alexandrov Michail V.
Published: July 2021

One of the goals for the management of patients after acute myocardial infarction is to achieve and maintain the optimal level of lowdensitylipoproteins (LDL), which is a factor that determines the prognosis in patients with coronary heart disease. A relevant objectiveis to extract from a number of trophic indicators that indicate disturbance in the adipose tissue distribution and functioning and thatincrease the risk of repeated cardiovascular disasters, the predictors of the low-density lipoprotein targets achieving effectivenessduring rehabilitation and subsequent dispensary follow-up of patients who have suffered a myocardial infarction. Aim. To assess the role of trophological factors, in particular insulin resistance, in achieving LDL cholesterol target values during rehabilitationand follow-up of patients after acute myocardial infarction. Material and methods. The study included 68 men (age from 55 to 65 years) after myocardial infarction underwent rehabilitation atthe Ivanovo State Medical Academy Clinic. The dynamics of the lipidogram parameters over the course of 6 months was evaluated. Todescribe the trophological status of the patients several metabolic and anthropometrical indicators were applied (weight, body massindex, waist circumference, ratio of waist circumference to the hips circumference, index of the central obesity, visceral adiposity index,percentage of fatty tissue, and metabolic index of insulin resistance). A regression model was created to determine significant factorsassociated with achieving low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets values. Results. The effectiveness of dyslipidemia correction in patients with myocardial infarction was lower in the group of people with signsof insulin resistance. Among the trophic indicators, predictors that have a prognostic value in achieving the target level of low-densitylipoprotein cholesterol are identified: the initial level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the central obesity index, the metabolicinitial index and after 6 months of follow-up. Conclusion. In the course of rehabilitation and subsequent follow-up, it is advisable to distinguish among patients after acute myocardialinfarction, persons with a metabolically unhealthy phenotype and insulin resistance. If an increase in the metabolic central obesityindex is recorded, it is possible to regard the manifestations of insulin resistance as a predictor of the ineffectiveness of achieving thegoals of lipid-lowering therapy and adjust therapeutic and preventive measures.
The Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation on the Serum Lipid Profile in Patients with Hypertension: an Integrative Review
Authors: Formеnov Alexander D. , Miroshnikov Alexander B. , Smolеnsky Andrey V.
Published: July 2021

This review examines data from modern scientific periodicals on various approaches to physical rehabilitation using aerobic work inpatients with common diseases preceding severe cardiovascular pathologies, namely, with dyslipidemia and arterial hypertension.Dyslipidemia in patients is determined by the indicators of the blood serum lipid profile, which reflects disturbances in metabolicprocesses in the systems and organs of the body. The aim of the integrative review was to identify and bring together already knownphysical rehabilitation parameters that need to be considered in order to achieve maximum benefit in normalizing blood pressureand blood lipid profile. The randomized controlled trials and meta-analyzes review search was conducted in the electronic biomedicalresearch databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), eLibrary, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane. As a result of the analysis, the following parameters amenable to modification were identified: exercise intensity (low, medium, high),determined by the percentage of the maximum heart rate or the performed work severity subjective assessment; aerobic trainingtechniques (high-intensity interval training, uniform medium-intensity training); external factors (ambient temperature during training)influencing the physiological adaptations of the body (hyperthermia, lipolysis – secretion of free fatty acids) of the study participant;a type of exercise according to the amount of skeletal muscle body mass involved (muscles of the upper and muscles of the lowerextremities); the optimal amount of aerobic physical activity, expressed in terms of caloric expenditure per week; the duration of thephysical rehabilitation period (from 3 months); the initial level of the blood lipid profile markers before therapy; an increased bodymass index of patients due to an excess of the fat component; adherence to a healthy lifestyle (quitting smoking, limiting alcohol). Inconclusion, all previously reflected parameters need to be considered when modeling the physical rehabilitation protocol, as well asin the future randomized controlled trials.
HUBUNGAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DENGAN TINGKAT KEPUASAN PASIEN TB PARU YANG MENJALANI PROGRAM PENGOBATAN
Authors: Syapitri Henny , Hutajulu Johansen , Aryani Novita , Saragih Frida Liharis
Published: July 2021

Tuberculosis is still a health problem both in Indonesian and in the world and is the leading cause of death. DOTS strategy is the tuberculosis control program. This program carried out by the health center Helvetia and the expeted number of patients with tuberculosis decreased. Quality of service is a form of activity undertaken by health services such a service, processes, and environment that meet or exceed expectations. The Satisfaction of a judgment given when the patients gets care. This study aims to determine the relationship of quality health Tuberculosis DOTS treatment strategy. The type of research used in this study is an analytic correlation using cross sectional method, samples in this study were patients who underwent Tuberculosis DOTS treatment strategy. The samples of the study was 48 respondents choose by consecutive sampling. Data were analysis of health care quality relationship with the level of satisfaction obtained significant value p = 0,003 and the value of r = 0,423. Then there is a relationship between the quality of health services with the level of satisfaction. It is advisable to further improve nursing services in order to increase the comfort and the health of patient.
Editorial : Boletim Regional, Urbano e Ambiental (BRUA) : n. 24, jul./dez. 2020
Authors: Mendonça Mario Jorge
Published: July 2021

O Boletim Regional, Urbano e Ambiental no 24, da Diretoria de Estudos e Políticas Regionais, Urbanas e Ambientais (Dirur) do Ipea, apresenta ensaios, opiniões, notas de pesquisa e indicadores territoriais para explorar questões regionais, federativas, urbanas e ambientais com o objetivo de orientar políticas públicas mais eficazes. Inclui análises de investimento industrial, distribuição do Fundeb, dinâmica do mercado de trabalho, impacto da Covid-19, e propostas tributárias, além de estudos sobre agricultura, exportações, e políticas de combate às mudanças climáticas. A seção de opinião aborda o aproveitamento energético de resíduos e as notas de pesquisa focam em governança metropolitana e desenvolvimento urbano, enquanto os indicadores territoriais fornecem dados atualizados para diversas análises.
Disintegration of Long-period Comet C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS). I. Hubble Space Telescope Observations
Authors: Ye 叶 Quanzhi 泉志 , Jewitt David , Hui 许 Man-To 文韬 , Zhang Qicheng , Agarwal Jessica , Kelley Michael S. P. , Kim Yoonyoung , Li 李 Jing 京 , Lister Tim , Mutchler Max , Weaver Harold A.
Published: July 2021

The near-Sun comet C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS) is the first member of a long-period comet group observed to disintegrate well before perihelion. Here we present our investigation into this disintegration event using images obtained in a three-day Hubble Space Telescope campaign. We identify two fragment clusters produced by the initial disintegration event, corresponding to fragments C/2019 Y4-A and C/2019 Y4-B identified in ground-based data. These two clusters started with similar integrated brightness but exhibit different evolutionary behavior. C/2019 Y4-A was much shorter-lived compared to C/2019 Y4-B and showed signs of significant mass loss and changes in size distribution throughout the three-day campaign. The cause of the initial fragmentation is undetermined by the limited evidence but crudely compatible with either the spin-up disruption of the nucleus or runaway sublimation of subsurface supervolatile ices, either of which would lead to the release of a large amount of gas as inferred from the significant bluing of the comet observed shortly before its disintegration. Gas can only be produced by the sublimation of volatile ices, which must have survived at least one perihelion passage at a perihelion distance of q = 0.25 au. We speculate that Comet ATLAS is derived from the ice-rich interior of a nonuniform, kilometer-wide progenitor that split during its previous perihelion. This suggests that comets down to a few kilometers in diameter can still possess complex, nonuniform interiors that can protect ices against intense solar heating.
Stellar Multiplicity in an RMHD Simulation with Stellar Feedback
Authors: Raju Aman N. , Guszejnov Dávid , Offner Stella S. R.
Published: July 2021

Unlike the Sun, most observed stars are part of a multiple star system, but the formation of such systems is still not well understood. To study this problem, we utilize a run from the STARFORGE simulation suite that simulates the evolution of star-forming Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs). The run starts with a GMC of an initial mass of 2 × 104 
M
⊙ and takes gravity, magneto-hydrodynamics and non-isothermal thermodynamics into account. The simulation also includes stellar feedback in the forms of radiation and protostellar jets, where the radiation field is explicitly evolved. In this note, we discuss the orbital period, semimajor axis, multiplicity fraction, and multiplicity frequency distributions, and compare these with observations. We find good agreement with the observed multiplicity fractions but also find a deficit of mass ratios close to unity and close companions, which we attribute to the lack of resolved disks in our simulation.
Middle Corona Magnetic Field Strength Determined by Spacecraft Radio Faraday Rotation
Authors: Wexler David B. , Jensen Elizabeth A. , Heiles Carl
Published: July 2021

Faraday rotation (FR) of MESSENGER spacecraft X-band transcoronal radio transmissions were studied to evaluate the mid-coronal magnetic field strength, with the line-of-sight closest solar approach at heliocentric altitudes ranging 1.647–1.817 R
⊙. A Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) CORHEL-MAS 3D coronal field map revealed this region to contain closed magnetic fields. By FR analysis we found a field strength of 118,000 nT at r = 1.647 R
⊙, with fall-off to 40,000 nT by r = 1.817 R
⊙. These values straddle estimates provided by the CCMC model. The mean value of 79,000 nT at r = 1.732 R
⊙ is comparable to the value provided by an established empirical model for average coronal magnetic field strength. FR can be used to evaluate middle coronal magnetic fields, but improved methods to constrain concurrent electron column density will be needed to produce the most accurate results.
Hyperbolic or exponential time discounting function?
Authors: de La Bruslerie Hubert , Coën Alain
Published: July 2021

Cet article pour objet d’identifier et d’analyser la structure par terme des taux de préférence temporelle de l’agent représentatif en utilisant un modèle de consommation conditionnel (CCAPM, Consumption Capital Asset Pricing Model). Plus précisément nous comparons une forme exponentielle de la fonction d’actualisation subjective de l’agent représentatif avec une forme hyperbolique. La première conduit à un taux subjectif de préférence temporelle qui est constant dans le temps. La seconde correspond à l’identification d’un ensemble de taux de préférence temporelle différents et qui dépendent de l’horizon d’investissement considéré. La structure par terme des taux d’actualisation peut ainsi être décroissante traduisant une préférence pour l’immédiat à court terme conjointement à une plus grande patience dans les choix à plus long terme. Cette hypothèse est testée en utilisant un modèle GARCH bivarié à deux facteurs qui conditionne les primes de termes d’obligations de maturité de 1 à 10 ans et qui a été mis en œuvre par de La Bruslerie et Fouilloux (2014). Les données proviennent du marché obligataire américain au cours de l période 1970-2013. Nos résultats mettent en cause l’hypothèse d’une structure par terme plate pour les taux de préférence temporelle tels qu’ils découleraient d’une fonction d’actualisation exponentielle. Notre test empirique met en évidence une structure par terme décroissante en faveur d’une fonction d’actualisation hyperbolique. C’est particulièrement vérifié pour la période 1991-2013.
Foreign Stock Investment and Sophistication of French Retail Investors
Authors: Orkut Hava
Published: July 2021

En utilisant les réponses au questionnaire MiFID et les données bancaires d’environ 7 000 investisseurs individuels, nous supposons que les foreign investors (F-investors) , qui investissent directement en actions étrangères, sont plus sophistiqués que les domestic investors (D-investors) . Après un appariement, nous montrons que les actions et les warrants sont plus diversifiés dans le portefeuille des F-investors , tandis que les fonds, les obligations, l’assurance-vie et les plans d’épargne-retraite sont plus diversifiés dans celui des D-investors. Ces F-investors sophistiqués sont plus tolérants au risque, moins sensibles aux pertes et plus instruits en matière financière mais sont sujets au biais national.
Bond Fund Fragility: Flow Reactions to Extremely Negative Return Shocks
Authors: Bellando Raphaëlle , Capotă Laura-Dona , Galanti Sébastien
Published: July 2021

Nous étudions la forme de la relation entre les flux des fonds obligataires français et leurs performances. Nous trouvons que les fonds présentant des rentabilités brutes de court-terme très négatives doivent faire face à des flux sortants plus importants (cet effet apparaît lors du dernier quintile de rentabilités négatives). Par ailleurs, les investisseurs semblent sensibles aux périodes de stress financier. Des résultats complémentaires montrent que pour les investisseurs institutionnels, l’effet non-linéaire des rentabilités brutes de court-terme apparaît plus fréquemment, en commençant avec le deuxième quintile de performances négatives. Cela confirme la fragilité des fonds obligataires face à des chocs négatifs sur les rentabilités.
Le déterminisme parental dans les pratiques déclarées des professionnels en crèche
Authors: Callet-Venezia Ingrid
Published: July 2021

Depuis plus d’un siècle, le travail de socialisation primaire réalisé par les parents est une préoccupation politique et sociale. À partir des années 1990, le terme de parentalité a pris une importance croissante, dans le discours public, signe d’une concentration des craintes et des attentes vis-à-vis du couple parental (Sellenet, 2014). Les parents seraient responsables des principaux problèmes de notre société. Les crèches sont la concrétisation de la première rencontre pour les parents et les enfants avec une institution d’éducation. Quelles formes prennent aujourd’hui les relations parents-professionnels ? Cet article interroge la question du déterminisme parental (Furedi, 2002) dans les pratiques déclarées des professionnels en crèche à travers une recherche exploratoire basée sur un travail d’enquête empirique. Les résultats montrent qu’une minorité de professionnelles tiennent les parents pour responsables des comportements de leur enfant.
Nudge, neurotechnologies et neuromarketing : état de l’art, et retour d’expérience entre le potentiel affiché et leurs limites
Authors: Singler Éric
Published: July 2021

Née en 2008 avec la publication du livre séminal Nudge – Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth and Happiness écrit par les professeurs Richard H. Thaler et Cass R. Sunstein, l’approche Nudge s’est développée rapidement dans le monde sous l’effet d’un fort ROI démontré au travers de nombreuses expérimentations. Fondée sur les enseignements des sciences comportementales, elle a pour objectif d’encourager l’adoption de comportements bénéfiques pour l’individu et la collectivité à partir d’interventions spécifiques – les nudges – construisant des « architectures de choix » incitatives mais respectueuses de la liberté de choix des individus. Depuis le milieu des années 2000, les sciences comportementales et les neurosciences se sont rapprochées et ont donné naissance à une nouvelle discipline – la neuroéconomie – qui cherche à étudier les bases neuronales des comportements observés et, en particulier, à mieux comprendre les biais cognitifs. Le neuromarketing s’est inspiré de ses développements dans une quête d’efficacité commerciale. Dès lors qu’elles revendiquent un pouvoir d’influence, ces approches posent la question de leur éthique et de leurs limites.
Neurosciences et loi de bioéthique
Authors: Delpuech Claude , Duée Pierre-Henri
Published: July 2021

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, nous assistons à un développement spectaculaire des techniques d’exploration, voire de contrôle partiel ou d’ « amélioration » du fonctionnement du cerveau. Associées aux avancées de la convergence NBIC, ces recherches et applications cliniques en émergence justifient une veille éthique, un échange ouvert avec la société et des objectifs et des règles que nous devons tous partager. Depuis les lois de bioéthique de 2011, nous disposons, dans le domaine des neurosciences, d’un cadre législatif qui doit être révisé tous les sept ans. Ces révisions législatives impliquent l’ensemble des citoyens à travers les États généraux de la bioéthique organisés par le CCNE (Comité consultatif national d’éthique) et les réflexions et les avis de diverses instances politiques et éthiques dont le comité précité, notamment à travers son avis n°129. Nous proposons dans cet article d’établir un « point de route » sur les évolutions en cours avant l’adoption probable de la nouvelle loi de bioéthique au cours de l’été 2021.
The effect of digital eco-learning in student worksheet flipbook to environmental project literacy and pedagogic competency
Authors: Sumarmi Sumarmi , Aliman Muhammad , Mutia Tuti
Published: July 2021

The study aimed to determine 1) the effect of digital eco learning in student worksheet flipbooks on environmental literacy projects, and 2) the effect of digital eco learning in student worksheet flipbooks on student ecological competence. The research is a quasi-experimental study using a Pretest-Posttest Non-equivalent Control Group. The research subjects were students in the Environmental Geography course semester 6 of 2020, divided into the experimental and control groups. The research was conducted at the Geography Education study program, Social Science Faculty, State University of Malang, Indonesia. Data were analyzed using the independent sample t-test in SPSS version 23 for windows. The results found: 1) there is a significant effect of digital eco learning with student worksheet flipbook on environmental project literacy competence, and 2) there is a significant effect of digital eco learning with student worksheet flipbooks on ecological competence.
On assessment and evaluation of teaching computer networks to electrical engineering students by the aid of a lab course
Authors: Abdrabou Atef , Shakhatreh Walid
Published: July 2021

In the era of Internet-of-everything, learning the principles of data communications and networking is inevitable for many electrical engineering disciplines. The paper addresses the effectiveness of teaching the fundamentals of data communications and networking using a dedicated lab course as a co-requisite to a classic lecture-based course. In the introduced lab course, the students are asked to do a variety of tasks using real hardware and a network simulator. The paper introduces quantitative measures of an outcome-based learning approach applied to both courses. Based on students’ achievements, the role of the lab course in the attainment of both the course learning outcomes and the electrical engineering program learning outcomes is measured in comparison with the case where the lab course is not taken. Our findings reveal a general enhancement trend in the attainment of the course and program learning outcomes with a significant increase in the program outcome related to solving engineering problems. Also, a slight increase is noticed in meeting the lab course outcomes for the students who attended the lab with the course in the same semester, which indicates an improvement in gaining practical knowledge.
Prospective primary teachers’ views on the nature of science
Authors: Amador-Rodríguez Rafael , Adúriz-Bravo Agustín , Valencia Cobo Jorge Alberto , Reinoso Tapia Roberto , Delgado Iglesias Jaime
Published: July 2021

This article presents the results of a piece of research that analyzed the views on the nature of science (NOS) among student teachers enrolled in programs of Primary Education at two public universities in Spain. Previous studies have reported that science teachers maintain ‘eclectic’ epistemological perspectives on science; in this article, we test if such a hypothesis holds when teachers’ NOS ideas are ‘anchored’ in specific periods and topics of the philosophy of science. We studied 114 prospective teachers attending an undergraduate teaching course with emphasis on the natural sciences at the Universities of Burgos and Valladolid in the period of 2017-18. A Likert-scale questionnaire with 50 items was applied to determine trends in those teachers’ epistemological views on science. The results showed that teachers’ views are mostly correlated with the philosophical period of Logical Positivism/Received View, and to some extent to the period of Recent and Contemporary Accounts. Regarding the classical epistemological topics of correspondence, methodologies, intervention, evolution and representation, teachers’ views could be related to the period of Logical Positivism/Received View and Critical Rationalism, but also to the New Philosophy of Science. The main conclusion of this study is that teachers’ expressed views on NOS are epistemologically eclectic to a much smaller degree when examined with more detail concerning specific periods and topics of the philosophy of science.
Effects of Early Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Danish Enam , Hadrawi Manal , Tayyib Alaa , Babgi Rafaa
Published: July 2021

Purpose:

To estimate the prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among high-risk neonates and to illuminate the benefits of early treatment in type 2 ROP (zone II, stage 3 without plus) and ROP milder than type 1 with pre-plus disease (zone III, stage 3).

Methods:

This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 307 high-risk neonates (614 eyes) with a gestational age of 32 weeks or younger at birth and a birth weight of 1,500 g or less, from 2011 to 2016. Treatment was initiated for neonates with low-risk type 2 ROP and ROP milder than type 1 with pre-plus disease, whenever retinopathy was evident for 3 clock hours with or without vitreous hemorrhage. Post-treatment progression was recorded.

Results:

The prevalence of ROP in the current study was 33.71%. Two hundred seven eyes had ROP; 47.34% had mild retinopathy that did not require treatment, and 52.66% received laser treatment, including the early treated group. Of the 207 eyes with ROP, 46.86% had low-risk type 2 ROP disease and ROP milder than type 1 with pre-plus disease, and underwent photocoagulation therapy. After treatment, 15.38% and 10.71% eyes were stable, 84.62% and 88.10% eyes had regressed retinopathy, and 0% and 1.19% progressed in both groups, respectively.

Conclusions:

Early treatment of type 2 ROP and ROP milder than type 1 with pre-plus disease in certain cases significantly decreased the rate of progression to more advanced stages and resulted in good clinical outcomes.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(4):240–245.]
Scheimpflug Imaging in Operated Primary Congenital Glaucoma
Authors: Mahmoud Shahira Rashad Khodary , Morsy Mohamed Saad , Bayoumi Nader Hussein Lotfy , Saad Nashwa Saad Fawzy
Published: July 2021

Purpose:

To report the corneal tomographic characteristics of eyes that had surgery for controlled primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and to compare it with an age-matched group of normal children.

Methods:

The study was conducted on 44 (24 right) eyes of 27 children (18 boys) who had surgery for PCG and 60 (31 right) eyes of 32 age-matched control children (9 boys). Children with PCG had a thorough ophthalmic examination and the demographic and medical and surgical history was retrieved from the patients' clinical chart records. After clinical examination, the study participants underwent Scheimpflug imaging using the Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH).

Results:

Both study and control children were approximately 9 years of age at the time of the study (
P
= .39). The eyes with PCG had a spherical equivalent mean ± standard deviation of −4.70 ± 3.50 diopters (D). Eyes with PCG demonstrated a cylinder of −2.80 ± 2.10 D, flatter corneas than control eyes (
P
= .0002 and .0012 for flat and steep keratometry, respectively), and statistically significantly higher astigmatism (
P
= .011) and thinner corneas, both at pupil center (
P
< .001) and thinnest location (
P
< .001). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between the postoperative axial length (at the time of the scan) and each of the Scheimpflug parameters flat keratometry (
P
= .002), steep keratometry (
P
= .003), pachymetry at pupil center (
P
= .01), and pachymetry at thinnest location (
P
= .009).

Conclusions:

The eyes of patients with PCG have thinner, flatter, and more astigmatic corneas than the eyes of age-matched control children.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(4):218–223.]
Two Cases Presenting With Unilateral Adduction Deficit Associated With Human Adenosine Deaminase 2 Deficiency
Authors: Veryser Eline , Meyts Isabelle , Casteels Ingele , Demaerel Philippe , De Somer Lien , Cassiman Catherine
Published: July 2021

Deficiency of human adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is an auto-inflammatory inborn error of immunity caused by biallelic deleterious mutations in the gene encoding ADA2. The purpose of this article is to raise awareness among ophthalmologists and pediatricians to consider DADA2 as a possible diagnosis for patients with acute onset of diplopia. The authors describe two pediatric patients who presented with double vision due to uni-lateral adduction deficit, and discuss the importance of recognizing this clinically as an ophthalmologist. If a child presents with a sudden eye movement abnormality, ophthalmologists must be aware of the possibility of an ischemic insult due to an underlying genetic disorder (eg, DADA2), especially in patients with a positive familial history or associated clinical signs such as a personal history of characteristic skin lesions or paresis of other cranial nerves. Given the multi-organ involvement in this disorder, a multi-disciplinary approach is crucial to have a timely diagnosis and to treat this rare disorder appropriately.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(4):e22–e26.]
Normalized solutions of supercritical nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation with potential
Authors: Peng Songbai , Xia Aliang
Published: July 2021

We are concerned with the following nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation:

   \begin{document}$\begin{equation} (-\Delta)^s u+V(x)u+\omega u = |u|^{p-2}u\quad {\rm{in}}\,\,{\mathbb{R}}^N,\;\;\;\;\;\;({\textbf{P}})\end{equation}$ \end{document}

where \begin{document}$ s\in(0,1) $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ p\in\left(2+4s/N,2^*_s\right) $\end{document}, that is, the mass supercritical and Sobolev subcritical. Under certain assumptions on the potential \begin{document}$ V:{\mathbb{R}}^N\rightarrow {\mathbb{R}} $\end{document}, positive and vanishing at infinity including potentials with singularities (which is important for physical reasons), we prove that there exists at least one \begin{document}$ L^2 $\end{document}-normalized solution \begin{document}$ (u,\omega)\in H^s({\mathbb{R}}^N)\times{\mathbb{R}}^+ $\end{document} of equation (P). In order to overcome the lack of compactness, the proof is based on a new min-max argument and splitting lemma for nonlocal version.
Optimal spiral-like solutions near a singular extremal in a two-input control problem
Authors: Manita Larisa , Ronzhina Mariya
Published: July 2021

We study an optimal control problem affine in two-dimensional bounded control, in which there is a singular point of the second order. In the neighborhood of the singular point we find optimal spiral-like solutions that attain the singular point in finite time, wherein the corresponding optimal controls perform an infinite number of rotations along the circle \begin{document}$ S^{1} $\end{document}. The problem is related to the control of an inverted spherical pendulum in the neighborhood of the upper unstable equilibrium.
A computational modular approach to evaluate $ {\mathrm{NO_{x}}} $ emissions and ozone production due to vehicular traffic
Authors: Balzotti Caterina , Briani Maya , Filippo Barbara De , Piccoli Benedetto
Published: July 2021

The societal impact of traffic is a long-standing and complex problem. We focus on the estimation of ground-level ozone production due to vehicular traffic. We propose a comprehensive computational approach combining four consecutive modules: a traffic simulation module, an emission module, a module for the main chemical reactions leading to ozone production, and a module for the diffusion of gases in the atmosphere. The traffic module is based on a second-order traffic flow model, obtained by choosing a special velocity function for the Collapsed Generalized Aw-Rascle-Zhang model. A general emission module is taken from literature, and tuned on NGSIM data together with the traffic module. Last two modules are based on reaction-diffusion partial differential equations. The system of partial differential equations describing the main chemical reactions of nitrogen oxides presents a source term given by the general emission module applied to the output of the traffic module. We use the proposed approach to analyze the ozone impact of various traffic scenarios and describe the effect of traffic light timing. The numerical tests show the negative effect of vehicles restarts on emissions, and the consequent increase in pollutants in the air, suggesting to increase the length of the green phase of traffic lights.
Strategies for the treatment of breast cancer: from classical drugs to mathematical models
Authors: Costa Ana ,   OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal, Vale Nuno ,   Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
Published: July 2021

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers and generally affects women. It is a heterogeneous disease that presents different entities, different biological characteristics, and differentiated clinical behaviors. With this in mind, this literature review had as its main objective to analyze the path taken from the simple use of classical drugs to the application of mathematical models, which through the many ongoing studies, have been considered as one of the reliable strategies, explaining the reasons why chemotherapy is not always successful. Besides, the most commonly mentioned strategies are immunotherapy, which includes techniques and therapies such as the use of antibodies, cytokines, antitumor vaccines, oncolytic and genomic viruses, among others, and nanoparticles, including metallic, magnetic, polymeric, liposome, dendrimer, micelle, and others, as well as drug reuse, which is a process by which new therapeutic indications are found for existing and approved drugs. The most commonly used pharmacological categories are cardiac, antiparasitic, anthelmintic, antiviral, antibiotic, and others. For the efficient development of reused drugs, there must be a process of exchange of purposes, methods, and information already available, and for their better understanding, computational mathematical models are then used, of which the methods of blind search or screening, based on the target, knowledge, signature, pathway or network and the mechanism to which it is directed, stand out. To conclude it should be noted that these different strategies can be applied alone or in combination with each other always to improve breast cancer treatment.
L’Apport de l’histoire de l’éducation à la définition des politiques éducatives
Authors: Depaepe Marc
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this paper is to explore how far research in the history of education can be useful in shaping educational policies. In practice this question arises in the broad context of the nature and significance of the history of education as a science. Considering the many fonctions attributed to educational history du ring the past decades, it seems possible to distinguish the following three categories :

a. the history of education contributes material benefits for educational action in general and educational policies in particular either by improving pedagogical practice or developing educational theory ;
b. the history of education participates in the professional formation of teachers and pedagogues who are partly responsible for educational policies, both by developing their intellectual faculties and forming desirable attitudes towards education ;
c. the history of education is an intrinsically valuable enterprise. By means of illustrations, chosen from work in East-Germany, West-Germany and the United States, attention is drawn to the methodological difficulties underlying these three different patterns of expectation. In the outcome historians of education are advised to moderate functional claims towards history and become aware of the theoretical and methodological implications of the point of view adopted, whether consciously or inconsciously.
The Establishment of the National School System in Ireland, 1831
Authors: Coolahan John
Published: July 2021

Au moment où la France célèbre le centenaire des lois scolaires de Jules Ferry, l’Irlande commémore le cent-cinquantième anniversaire du système des écoles nationales, inauguré en 1831 comme un système multiconfessionnel d’écoles primaires, subventionné et dirigé par l’État. La participation de l’État est plus étroite qu’elle ne le sera en Angleterre et en France plusieurs dizaines d’années plus tard. Notre contribution se propose d’examiner les circonstances de la genèse du système irlandais.
Dès le début du système, l’État décrète en Irlande les conditions précises que doit respecter toute école voulant toucher une aide financière de l’État. Les élèves doivent recevoir un enseignement moral et littéraire combiné, et un enseignement religieux séparé. Une inspection d’État s’organise dès 1832 pour assurer le respect de ces règlements. Des collèges de formation professionnelle sont fondés dont les finances et la direction proviennent de l’État, de même qu’un projet d’écoles-modèle d’État. Le programme d’études qui doit être suivi dans les écoles, est fixé par l’autorité centrale, qui se charge de la publication d’une série de manuels scolaires fortement subventionnés, et qui se réserve également le droit d’approuver tout manuel utilisé dans les écoles.
Le corps enseignant est à prédominance laïque, bien que les congrégations religieuses puissent profiter de l’aide d’État, à condition de respecter les règlements. L’administrateur d’une école, qui sera le plus souvent le curé ou le pasteur local, a le pouvoir de nommer et de renvoyer l’instituteur; c’est lui qui distribue les salaires fournis par l’État. Le principe des frais de scolarité est maintenu jusqu’en 1892, mais dans la pratique ceux-ci ne forment qu’une partie infime et irrégulière du budget scolaire. La population étant en majorité rurale et paysanne, la loi hésite à imposer l’obligation scolaire. Dans certaines régions, celle-ci est prévue par une loi de 1892, qui supprime en même temps les frais de scolarité.
En définitive, l’initiative que prit l’État en 1831 à propos de l’éducation en Irlande, fut bien audacieuse; d’un point de vue comparée elle présente un certain nombre de traits intéressants par rapport au contexte politique, social et culturel des années 1830.
Economic Foundations for the Development of Schools in Prussia
Authors: Heinemann Manfred
Published: July 2021

On reconnaît dans le système économique de l’enseignement prussien les lignes directrices suivantes.1° La gestion de l’enseignement prussien au XIXe siècle se fonde sur le principe de subsidiarité. L’enseignement est administré par l’État, mais en général il n’est pas financé par l’État. Pourtant des changements interviennent, qui ont des effets à long terme et font augmenter la part de l’État.2° La base financière est constituée par la contribution des parents, fondée en droit. Les contributions directes des frais de scolarité sont peu à peu relayées par des paiements indirects, sous forme de taxes.3° Sous l’influence de l’administration étatique, les ensembles régionaux d’enseignement s’inscrivent progressivement dans des systèmes plus grands. Par des réglementations au niveau des provinces, on essaie de supprimer le contraste entre la ville et la campagne dans l’enseignement primaire; l’organisation centrale s’applique à aplanir les différences dans l’enseignement supérieur.4° La force attractive de l’enseignement supérieur est assurée par un système de récompenses pour le recrutement équilibré dans les différentes couches sociales. Le système des autorisations augmente les niveaux de qualité. La fonction publique devient le modèle d’organisation de l’enseignement supérieur. L’augmentation du niveau de la qualification scolaire pour les masses est jumelée avec un système spécifique pour les métiers et l’industrie.5° Le développement systématique de l’enseignement fait suite au développement du pouvoir d’achat des masses et des budgets publics pendant la période d’industrialisation intensive depuis environ 1870. L’État cherche à gouverner par le principe de l’égalité des différentes régions; il freine le transfert vers le secteur privé, pour faire valoir un système d’enseignement plus moderne et plus rationnel.
La réforme scolaire française des années 1880 jugée par la social-démocratie contemporaine de langue allemande
Authors: Neumann Frank
Published: July 2021

This paper reviews the results of educational reform in Prussia up to 1880 with reference to the failure of Social Democracy to apply the basic ideas of Marx in terms of an educational programme.

The central points of the debate conducted in the theoretical journal Neue Zeit, in response to the French reform, were :
i) Should religious instruction be replaced by a newly devised form of moral instruction ? (Bearing in mind that Marx deprecated action by the State as « educator of the people »),
ii) The adoption of manual labour as an integral part of learning (Arbeitsunterricht) in the form advocated by the Swiss Robert Seidel, which was substituted for the Marxist conception of a synthesis of production and learning.
Finally there is a consideration of some of the factors conditioning the failure of social democratic educational policy, i) in terms of the social and economic, political and cultural background and ii) shortcomings in theoretical terms which implied looking to bourgeois democratic programmes such as that in France rather than the demands advanced by Marx (Gegenwartsforderungen).