bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
42.3: Invited Paper: Design of Double Vertical Screen 3D Viewer and Mobile Phone 3D Glasses
Authors: Ding Shou-Qian
Published: August 2021

Based on the principle of non‐paraxial optics and through accurate calculation, an eccentric lens is designed which is specially used for viewing the stereoscopic image with two vertical screens composed of two mobile phones. If it is made into glasses, called them “stereoscopic glasses for mobile phone”. If the display screen and stereoscopic glasses are packaged together, it is called “stereoscopic viewer with double vertical screens”, It corresponds to the previous “ stereoscopic viewer with double side horizontal screen o The former mainly watches stereoscopic images taken vertically, such as personal stereoscopic photo, remote stereoscopic medical treatment, precious cultural relics collection, etc., while the latter matches the 16:9 standard film and television taken horizontally. Mobile phone stereoscopic glasses can not only watch two vertical screen stereoscopic programs, but also watch left and right side‐by‐side programs on the screen of one mobile phone. It is easy to carry and has good imaging quality with no dizziness. It comes with 4G and 5G system, and the price of 3D viewing device is low. Therefore it is expected to become the standard configuration of mobile phones.
45.4: The White Light‐Emitting Diode Using Organic Material and Perovskite Quantum Dots
Authors: Hyeon Min Woo , Kim Jungwon , Suh Min Chul
Published: August 2021

White LED is widely used for large‐area displays and lighting. Here we fabricated the white LED using red and green perovskite quantum dots and blue organic materials. The maximum efficiency of this hybrid white LED device was 2.1 cd/A and has a color coordinate of (0.32, 0.27) which is very close to the required white coordinate of (0.33, 0.33) based on the CIE 1931 color coordinate.
48.4: Galvanic Corrosion of Molybdenum Alloys and Oxides in contact with Copper for Thin Film Transistors using Evans Diagrams
Authors: Riedl Jessica , Mori Gregor , Schmidt Hennrik , Köstenbauer Harald
Published: August 2021

To eliminate material loss during photolithographic processes in Thin Film Transistor production three different Molybdenum materials have been investigated. Galvanic corrosion behavior was investigated by measuring Evans diagrams in contact with Copper. Results have shown that it is of crucial importance that a Mo material contains a passivating element in a proper concentration to form a stable passive layer to avoid attack caused by the electrolyte. Also water content of the electrolyte plays an important role for material behavior.
P‐2.3: Research on the Threshold of Brightness Difference of “Moving Head Pattern”
Authors: Wang Shijun , Ding Tengfei , Wei Zhai , Feng Bo , Tai Yuke , Liu Yi , Yang Xinlan , Wang Yang , Chen Xi
Published: August 2021

The requirements for the display quality of the client's screen are becoming stricter and newer problems have been discovered. Our company has discovered a new type of streak defects: when blinking or shaking your head, you will find vertical stripes on the display, but you can't see the defects when staring at the screen. This shaking head pattern is found in many products. In this study, we selected the G127 screen and adjusted the Vcom of the 6.47‐inch A‐si screen to different degrees to reproduce the bad head‐shaking pattern. Observing the visual effects of the experimental screen, we found that the greater the deviation of the Vcom, the more serious the head‐shaking phenomenon. The brightness test of the screen with the shaking head pattern shows that as the degree of the shaking head pattern becomes heavier, the brightness difference between adjacent columns is larger. It can be seen that the minimum brightness difference of the shaking head pattern is 0.108nit.
P‐3.4: VR Scene Display of Emergencies in Snow Field
Authors: Zhao Sensen , Jiang Lin , Wang Lijun
Published: August 2021

Avalanche scene simulation is an emergency method that can be used to experience panic in advance of emergencies and to respond to emergencies in medical treatment through virtual reality simulation. Therefore, for the emergencies of the avalanche of the Winter Olympics snow field, virtual reality simulation is of great significance.This article takes the Winter Olympics snow field as the main line to show the medical rescue simulation after the avalanche. The entire design relies on the Unity3D engine, and the final test.stage will use the HTC interactive device for 3D scene evolution testing. First, using Unity's own mountain processing software, based on the original terrain, on the whole, a realistic outdoor ski resort model can be realized. Secondly, based on the Unity3D software design, it is mainly to construct the 3D model of the snow mountain and the subsequent emergency rescue animation module. The entire project C # language used as the scripting language of the entire project. After the avalanche scenario, virtual emergency medical rescue be realized. Finally, regarding the formulation of emergency levels and different rescue measures taken at different levels, and make emergency medical emergency response basedon avalanche scenarios.
P‐3.8: A Method of Improving Brightness Homogeneity of VR Display
Authors: Xu Fei , Li Jingyong , Tian Wenhong , Hong Jun , Wang Yanbin , Zhang Hao
Published: August 2021

We have developed a unique method to improve brightness homogeneity of VR display. Through this method, not only we can decrease the difference in brightness of two displays modules significantly, but also can improve the max brightness and decrease the back‐light‐unit (BLU) loss which is very expansive device.
P‐4.1: Research on RGB stacking instead of PS
Authors: Jiaqing Liu , Liangliang Jiang , Wenhao Tang , Ke Dai , Yanping Liao , Lei Guo
Published: August 2021

At present, the cell structure of common liquid crystal displays generally adopts photolithography process to form post spacers (PS) on the glass substrate in order to maintain the cell gap (CG). The PS formed by this method would have uniform distribution, fixed position and high accuracy. However, the current PS not only requires a separate process, but also a single half‐tone mask in order to form two types of PS heights. The process mentioned above not only increases the manufacturing cost but also reduces the factory capacity. Aiming at the shortcomings of the current PS process, this article shows a design scheme that uses red, green and blue resistance stacks to form PS, referred to as resin PS. [1] This solution completely eliminates the PS process, saves costs, and increases factory production capacity. This paper systematically studied 12 stacking schemes and their effects on the height and size of Resin PS, and realized the step difference control of two resin PS. [2] The verification result found that the color resistance base station increases from bottom to top. The profile structure is relatively stable, as shown in Figure 1. The main PS would adopt a BGR triple stacked structure. The layer of each resin would be thicker, the final size and height would be larger. The sub PS is recommended to use B+G or B+ R dual stacking design, the step difference with the main PS is between 0.6–0.9um, which can be adjusted by the thickness of the hot melt flattening resin (OC); PS Size and height uniformity are good; the elastic recovery rate is 77%, which is closed to Normal PS. In short, the resin PS solution proposed in this paper has outstanding performance in parameters such as high uniformity, size uniformity, M‐S step control, profile, and elasticity, and has great potential to replace normal PS.
P‐4.4: Path Planning Analysis of Pad Bending Process for the Full Screen OLED Panel
Authors: Wu Di , Liao Dunming , Peng Wenjing , Liu Yuanke
Published: August 2021

In the pad‐bending process of the full‐screen panel, the metal wire in the bending area is easily broken due to deformation, and the occurrence of the break is related to the bending path. This paper analyzes the influence of different bending paths on the peak stress of the metal wire, determines the method to explore the reasonable path based on mathematical theory, and provides guidance for the pad‐bending process design, which can be used to improve the yield of pad‐bending process of OLED panels.
P‐4.5: A New Light‐Guiding Structure for Optimizing the Uniformity of Side‐in Display Source
Authors: Zhao Chaoyue , Zhao Jian , Chen Xiuyun , Sun Linyu , Liang Fei , Zhong Peng , Hou Tingxiu , Du Jingjun
Published: August 2021

In this paper, a new light‐guiding structure for light source of side‐in display products is presented. Under the condition of using LED (Light Emitting Diode) as light source and 8mm pitch, using this structure, a uniform side‐in linear plane light source can be obtained within a light‐mixing distance of 5mm, and 75% uniformity can be achieved. The design of this structure is based on the principle of total reflection and the idea of peak‐load shifting, made of PC (Polycarbonate) material. Compared to traditional LGP (light guide plate), using this structure, uniform plane light source can be obtained in a shorter distance. It is especially suitable for products with front light source and transparent display. Besides, it can be bent or profiled to meet the requirements of narrow frame and special‐shaped products.
P‐4.7: Fundamental Research on High Resolution Full Color Micro‐LED Display with Quantum Dot Color Conversion by Lithography
Authors: Xin Juan , Song Qi , Ma Jingrui , Wu Zhenghui , Liu Pai , Sun Xiao Wei
Published: August 2021

This study is based on the blue micro‐LED backlight and photoluminescent quantum dot color conversion layer (QDCC) as the light source of the full color micro‐LED display structure. In order to obtain a high resolution Micro‐LED display panel with color convertion, we firstly studied the the influence of black matrix (BM) layer and color filter (CF) layer. The CF layer is used to reduce the blue light leakage. It should be noted that thickness and absorption spectrum of the CF layer will have a significant impact on the color gamut. The BM layer is to prevent backlight leakage from the sidewalls and crosstalk. The successfully prepared of the 5µm pattern has greatly promoted our subsequent process, and the photolithography of quantum dot layer will be further studied in our subsequent work.
P‐4.11: Autostereoscopic Three‐dimensional Display with Proper Slanted Angle
Authors: Lu Min , Pu Yiying , Jia Jia , Kang Jianghui , Ma Xiaoqi , Tan Baolin , Chen Jingyu , Wu Yu
Published: August 2021

A method for estimating the proper slanted angle of an autostereoscopic lenticular lens sheet is proposed in this paper. A three‐dimensional(3D) display with the proper slanted lenticular lens sheet has the lower three‐dimension al(3D) crosstalk and less moiré pattern. To get the proper angle, a mathematical model describing the optical performance of the lenticular lens is established on the Snell's law and the ray tracing method. In this model, the shapes and the distribution of the display's subpixels are introduced as an important element to affect the slanted angle. A15.6” 3D display designed by this method is reported with a lower crosstalk and better 3D performance.
P‐5.2: Virtual Touch Technology and LCM Screen Interaction System Design
Authors: Feng Yang , Xing Chao Jun
Published: August 2021

With the development of science and technology, the progress of electronic control technology in the car, the human‐machine interaction control technology in the car has experienced the “physical knob button” to the physical touch control to the popular voice control technology, gesture suspension touch control technology, these have been in the car actual interaction cases. Among them, gesture suspension touch control technology is a more natural way of interaction, aiming to obtain a safer way of interaction in the driving environment. Through design verification, this paper builds an interactive design verification platform that can operate entity to simulate the interactive actions between the driver and the entertainment navigation system under the driving state.
P‐5.10: The Research of LCD Electromagnetic Simulation Based on Ansys
Authors: Bo Ran , Jian Li , Zhi Zhang , Jin Sha , Bo Xu , Fanjian Zeng
Published: August 2021

With the rapid development of electronic industryelectromagnetic radiation issue has become an inevitably major problem in the industry. At present, LCD have been used in the display scene for various industries, while near‐field radiation issue will occur during the period when LCD is working, In this paper, a co‐simulation method based on SIwave + Designer is proposed to get the simulated result ofnear‐field radiation for both LCD module and driving circuit PCBA, so as to obtain a more optimized design scheme based on the radiation intensity result. The main steps of this method are as follow: import the design file into SI‐Wave, add simulation ports, get s parameters, then import model from SI‐wave into designer, add the actual excitation source, and then return to SIwave to analyze the real radiation distribution. At the same time, the intensity and distribution ofradiation for PCBA (Printed Circuit Board Assembly) are measured by high‐precision probe to verify the effectiveness of the simulation method and the accuracy of the simulation model by comparing the simulation and measured result.

In particular, this method is also a general radiation simulation method, which can be extended to the radiation simulation research ofvarious industries.
P‐10.1: Electro‐optical properties investigation in AlGaInP‐based Red Micro‐LED devices
Authors: Feng Yang , Zhanghu Mengyuan , Lin YongHong , Liu Zhaojun
Published: August 2021

AlGaInP‐based light‐emitting diode (LED) arrays are a promising technology in a wide range of applications. The electrical characteristics and current transport properties of AlGaInP‐based red micro‐light‐emitting diodes were investigated using current‐voltage (I‐V) measurements. The ideality factor of device was obtained, indicating that the current conduction mechanism is defect‐assisted tunneling, which forms parasitic current paths across the active region. These results were consistent with the parasitic resistances obtained from the measured current‐voltage curves. It was attributed that the defects originated from sidewall damage of the active layer. The EL spectrum of the red micro‐LED is characterized by narrow emission width of ~19 nm.
P‐12.4: Fast‐response LCD Based on a Liquid Crystal Material Doped with Modified Nanoclay
Authors: Lapanik Valeri , Lugovsky Anatoly , Timofeev Sergei
Published: August 2021

The object of study is nematic and ferroelectric liquid crystals containing chemically modified nanoclay based on montmorillonite. The aim of the work is to develop new composite materials with improved physico‐chemical and electro‐optical properties. During the study, chemical methods were developed for modification of the surface of nanoclay; the mesomorphic, dielectric, and electro‐optical properties of nematic and ferroelectric compositions doped with a nanoclay with a modified surface are studied. Based on experimental data, the regularities of the influence of functional groups grafted onto the surface of nanoclay on the mesomorphic, dielectric and electro‐optical properties of nematic and ferroelectric compositions were established. It has been shown experimentally that the addition of a small amount of nanoclay to a nematic and ferroelectric liquid crystal material can significantly improve the electro‐optical response time and reduce the threshold and saturation voltage values. For ferroelectric liquid crystals, the addition of nanoclay leads to an increase in the tilt angle in the smectic layer and an increase in spontaneous polarization.
P‐12.6: Research on Color Conversion Model of Multi‐Primary‐Color Display
Authors: Sun Yan , Xi Yanhui , Zhang Xiaomang , Shi Tiankuo , Hou Yifan , Ji Zhihua , Chu Minglei , Sun Wei , Chen Ming , Dong Xue
Published: August 2021

The tristimulus values (X, Y, Z) of the color need to be faithfully matched when a specified color is to be reproduced on the display. In RGB color system, there is only one solution, but in multi‐primary‐color system, there will be numerous combinations due to the color redundancy. In this paper, a 5.5‐inch 6‐primary‐color module was made with resolution of FHD (1920 x 1080) and a color conversion model was established to solve the problem of color reproduction redundancy.
P‐12.7: An optical compensation method of Dual cell Technology
Authors: Zhang Yu , Li Zhuolong , Wang Bochang , Bu Zhangchang
Published: August 2021

A 23.8” FHD LCD with super higher contrast ratio of 300000:1 has been developed by using a newly‐designed dual cell structure both with the same resolution and an optical compensation algorithm, it improves the contrast ratio into million levels as well as optimizes the moiré, uniformity of the viewing angle and ghost image. Based on the super higher contrast ratio, good and uniform image performance, it has been applied to the advanced medical diagnostic products.
P‐12.11: Researching on Wide Color Gamut of TV Products
Authors: Huang Jianhua , Qu Yingying , Chen Dongchuan , Liao Yanping , Lee Seungmin , Shao Xibin
Published: August 2021

Liquid crystal display technology is widely used because of its advantages of light weight, environmental protection and high performance. Compared with the emerging organic light‐emitting display, the color performance of liquid crystal display needs to be further improved. Increasing color saturation, displaying bright pictures and pursuing more realistic picture quality is a trend of the development of liquid crystal display technology.
P‐12.13: Increasing the Rewriting Speed of Optically Driving Liquid Crystal Display by NiO Doping
Authors: Liang Libing , Sun Jiatong , Sang Jingxin
Published: August 2021

The optically driving liquid crystal display (ODLCD) realizes display function by controlling the alignment directions of liquid crystals (LC) under exposure light, which has applications in optical devices. However, it is still limited to the laboratory for its long rewriting time of the ODLCD. The rewriting time for the ODLCD depending on SD1 with Nickel oxide (NiO) doping was studied. The SD1‐NiO distribution was discussed by SEM images. Among the 10 different ratios of SD1‐NiO concentration, the ratio of 1−0.08 is optimal and a minimum rewriting time of 6s has been reached.
P‐14.1: Improving the Performance of Inkjet Printed QLED by Annealing Post‐treatment
Authors: Jia Siqi , Ma Jingrui , Qu Xiangwei , Tang Haodong , Wu Zhenghui , Xu Bing , Liu Pai , Li Guangyu , Wang Kai , Wei Sun Xiao
Published: August 2021

The quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) by inkjet printing are promising candidates for lighting and display applications of the industry. Herein, we report an inkjet printed QLED, showing that the luminance of red QLED is as high as 185, 607 cd/m2, the external quantum efficiency reaches 12.6 %, and the lifetime (T95) is 549 h @ 1000 cd/m2, which is one of the highest reported for a very primitive device structure.
P‐16.3: A Tactile Sensor Interface Formed by Two TFTs and One Capacitor to Enable Dynamic and Static Force Sensing
Authors: Li Huimin , Li Anqi , Qian Ying , Jiang Bowei , Luo Jinxing , Peng Bo , Liu Xinghui , Wu Guoxian , Wang Kai
Published: August 2021

In this article, we propose an interface circuit formed by thin film transistor(TFT) for tactile sensing applications. This interface circuit is composed of two TFTs and a capacitor, in connection with a polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) transducer for force sensing. An analytical model is presented to explain the working principle of the interface circuit, and an experimental study of a 10×10 tactile sensing array is built to evaluate the feasibility of the circuit. Our study shows such interface circuit is promising to obtain the dynamic and static force sensing.
P‐16.15: Research on Corrosion Prevention of Touch panel
Authors: Ya-jun MA , Zhi ZHANG , Zong-jie GUO , Cheng-zhu LU , Li YIN , Wen-jin FAN , Yue-rong JI , Zhen-zhong FANG , Peng-hua WANG
Published: August 2021

In this paper, metal trace corrosion in the process of touch panel reliability evaluation was analyzed. The impact of different layer structure, membrane thickness and trace material on corrosion resistance of products was studied. First, scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analysis microstructure of corrosion trace cross section, and uv‐vis spectrophotometer, ion chromatograph was used to analysis corrosion product chemical composition, the cause of trace corrosion was analyzed. Then, the impact of environmental humidity, trace material, OC2 film thickness, secondary black matrix coverage, SiOxNy layer on corrosion resistance of trace was studied. Experimental results indicate that humidity is the necessary condition to corrosion, corrosion does not occur when humidity is zero. The corrosion resistant ability of Aluminum alloy than pure aluminum. Increase the film thickness, enhancement secondary black matrix coverage, add SiOxNy layer can greatly increase the corrosion resistant ability of the product.
P‐17.1: ASG with wide operating temperature
Authors: Lou Tenggang , Wang Lei , Kong Xiangjian , Liu Jine , Qin Feng
Published: August 2021

We have fabricated LCD panels with ASG circuits which can endure 1000 hours reliability test in ‐30°C and 85°C environment. The ASG circuits has 9 TFTs and 2 capacities. We presented three formulas to characterize ASG performance in the high temperature RA test. Those formulas fit well with the performance of the products so can guide the ASG design. We use spice simulation to characterize the ASG performance in low temperature RA test. The simulation results can well represent the no display failure in low temperature. The ASG circuits works well after RA test while the backlight luminance reaches 30000nit. Meanwhile the ASG circuits support both updown scan and down‐up scan. The ASG circuits also support irregular active area. Those attributes can meet the demands of vehicle display.
P‐17.4: Simultaneous Localization and Mapping Method and Implementation for AGV
Authors: Zhu Yameng , Yang Xuekai , Li Wanlin
Published: August 2021

Along with the social progress and the development of science and technology, AGV as a productivity tool to get the recognition of the world, and to realize the iracy is high, Solid‐state lidar plays an important role in automatic driving, of which solid‐state lidar has a unique scanning mode, low price, intensive scanning points, and good applicability for AGV. Therefore, this paper designs a mobile APP to carry out real‐time control of AGV, and uses solid‐state lidar to carry out real‐time positioning and map building. Finally, the LOAM algorithm ndependent mobile navigation technology is AGV, automatically based on a mission, and key technologies of the AGV in a complex environment work, but the traditional navigation technology existed shortcomings, and laser radar detection range wide, ranging accuis improved to improve the accuracy of map construction. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective in accuracy and efficiency.
P‐17.7: The Solutions of Interference When TDDI Application to BD Cell
Authors: Peng-tao Li , Yao-yao Wang , Tie-lei Zhao , Zhi-peng Zhang , Yue Zhai , Jie Yu , Rui Han , Qing Ma , Yoon Dk
Published: August 2021

This paper discusses the problem in BD cell when TDDI module in. By testing, find the root cause and give the solutions to resolve the problem.
Flexible co‐data learning for high‐dimensional prediction
Authors: van Nee Mirrelijn M. , Wessels Lodewyk F.A. , van de Wiel Mark A.
Published: August 2021

Clinical research often focuses on complex traits in which many variables play a role in mechanisms driving, or curing, diseases. Clinical prediction is hard when data is high‐dimensional, but additional information, like domain knowledge and previously published studies, may be helpful to improve predictions. Such complementary data, or co‐data, provide information on the covariates, such as genomic location or P‐values from external studies. We use multiple and various co‐data to define possibly overlapping or hierarchically structured groups of covariates. These are then used to estimate adaptive multi‐group ridge penalties for generalized linear and Cox models. Available group adaptive methods primarily target for settings with few groups, and therefore likely overfit for non‐informative, correlated or many groups, and do not account for known structure on group level. To handle these issues, our method combines empirical Bayes estimation of the hyperparameters with an extra level of flexible shrinkage. This renders a uniquely flexible framework as any type of shrinkage can be used on the group level. We describe various types of co‐data and propose suitable forms of hypershrinkage. The method is very versatile, as it allows for integration and weighting of multiple co‐data sets, inclusion of unpenalized covariates and posterior variable selection. For three cancer genomics applications we demonstrate improvements compared to other models in terms of performance, variable selection stability and validation.
Solvothermal Fabrication of NiO/Co3O4 Spherical Composites Modified with N‐Doped Graphene Quantum Dots as a Catalyst in the Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Spiro[diindenopyridine‐indoline] Triones
Authors: Safaei‐Ghomi Javad , Babaei Pouria , Elyasi Zahra
Published: August 2021

N‐Doped Graphene Quantum Dots (N‐GQDs) have been extensively investigated owing to their interesting photochemical, and electrochemical properties. However, N‐GQDs have rarely been introduced as catalyst in organic reactions. Herein, NiO/Co3O4 composites with diverse morphologies of hexagonal nanoplates, spherical, irregular nanocubics, and multishape are fabricated using different solvents and pH adjusters. In the following, the catalytic activity of engineered composites was screened, and it demonstrated to be in the order: spherical>hexagonal nanoplate>irregular solid nanocubic>multi‐shape. The uniform spherical morphology makes exposure of a larger part of the reactive facets possible and provides accessible active sites. Next, novel NiO/Co3O4@N‐GQDs spherical composites has been successfully fabricated by cost‐effective, green and straightforward hydrothermal method. Proposed composite was applied as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the microwave‐assisted synthesis of new and known indenospiro derivatives. The desired products were formed in excellent yields (88–97 %) within the short reaction time (6–14 min).
Preparation and Research of Perovskite Quantum Dots Powder Based on RbCl Doped CsPbBr3
Authors: Geng Yuxiao , Yang Bobo , Xiang Yanrong , Shi Mingming , Hu Rongrong , Guo Chunfeng , Li Yuefeng , Zou Jun
Published: August 2021

Researchers have achieved precise control of the size of quantum dots by using the quantum confinement effect. Rb+ and Cs+ with similar ionic radii have become a new mechanism for researchers to regulate the emission wavelength of quantum dots. However, there are few studies on the performance of codoped quantum dots with ion at present. By adding a saturated solution of RbCl into an organic solution of CsPbBr3, quantum dots doped with Rb+ and Cl− were prepared. The prepared quantum dots realized adjustable emission spectrum (457‐510 nm), stable lattice structure, and good stability under ultraviolet light irradiation. Therefore, double ion doping is a new method to prepare short‐wavelength of quantum dots.
New Conjugates of Daunorubicin with Sesquiterpene Lactones and Their Biological Activity
Authors: Pukhov Sergey A. , Semakov Alexey V. , Globa Anastasiya A. , Anikina Lada V. , Afanasyeva Svetlana V. , Yandulova Ekaterina Y. , Aleksandrova Yulia R. , Neganova Margarita E. , Klochkov Sergey G.
Published: August 2021

New conjugates of daunorubicin with sesquiterpene lactones at the 3′‐amino group of anthracycline were synthesized and their effect on the viability of cell lines (HL60, Jurkat, K562, and A549) was assessed using a resazurin test. The effect on the cell cycle and apoptosis by flow cytometry was studied. The following natural lactones were used for modification: telekin, isotelekin, reynosin, costunolide, dehydrocostuslactone, santamarine and epoxyisoalantolactone. The synthesized conjugates are characterized by a general high toxicity (8…0.14 μM) in relation to tumor cell lines (in some cases, higher than the toxicity of the initial antibiotic), as well as a comparable effect on the cell cycle (arrest in the G2/M‐phase) with a relatively low the effect on the initiation of apoptosis at concentrations close to the IC50.
Prevalence of deep and ovarian endometriosis in early pregnancy: ultrasound diagnostic study
Authors: Bean E. , Naftalin J. , Horne A. , Saridogan E. , Cutner A. , Jurkovic D.
Published: August 2021

Objective

To assess the prevalence and morphological appearance of deep endometriosis and ovarian endometrioma using pelvic ultrasound examination in women attending for an early pregnancy assessment.

Methods

This was a prospective observational study set within a dedicated early pregnancy unit. The study included 1341 consecutive women who attended for an early pregnancy assessment for reassurance or because of suspected early pregnancy complications. All women underwent a transvaginal scan to assess the location and viability of their pregnancy. In addition, a detailed examination of pelvic organs was carried out to detect the presence of endometriosis and other gynecological abnormalities. Data analysis was performed using logistic regression and multivariable analysis.

Results

The prevalence of deep endometriosis and/or ovarian endometrioma in women attending our early pregnancy unit was 4.9% (95% CI, 3.8–6.2%). In 33/66 (50.0% (95% CI, 37.9–62.1%)) women with endometriosis, this was a new diagnosis that was made during their early pregnancy scan. On multivariable analysis, the presence of endometriosis was strongly associated with a history of subfertility (odds ratio (OR), 3.15 (95% CI, 1.63–6.07)) and presence of a congenital uterine anomaly (OR, 5.69 (95% CI, 2.17–14.9)) and uterine fibroids (OR, 2.37 (95% CI, 1.31–4.28)). Morphological changes typical of decidualization were seen in 11/33 (33.3% (95% CI, 17.2–49.4%)) women with ovarian endometrioma and 18/57 (31.6% (95% CI, 19.5–43.7%)) women with deep endometriotic nodules.

Conclusions

Deep endometriosis and ovarian endometrioma were present in a significant proportion of women attending for early pregnancy assessment. The prevalence varied depending on a history of subfertility, and therefore is likely to differ significantly among populations, depending on their characteristics. Ultrasound is a useful tool for the detection of endometriosis in early pregnancy and the identification of women who may benefit from specialist antenatal care. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Climate change impacts on wind energy generation in Ireland
Authors: Doddy Clarke Eadaoin , Sweeney Conor , McDermott Frank , Griffin Seánie , Correia João Monteiro , Nolan Paul , Cooke Laura
Published: August 2021

An ensemble of high‐resolution regional climate model simulation data is used to examine the impacts of climate change on offshore and onshore wind energy generation in Ireland. Two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) are analysed for the mid‐term (2041–2060) and the long‐term (2081–2100) future. Wind energy is projected to decrease (≤2%) overall in future climate scenarios. Changes are evident by mid‐century and are more pronounced by late 21st century, particularly for RCP 8.5 offshore. Seasonally, wind energy is projected to decrease by less than 6% in summer and to increase slightly in winter (up to 1.1%). The distinct changes in different parts of the power curve, presented here for the first time, show a reversed pattern of duration at certain levels of the power curve. In summer, there is an increase of low‐power and a decrease of high‐power generation, whereas during winter, there is a projected increase in the time spent at high power. This could lead to diverse consequences for system operators depending on the season. The impacts of climate change on the duration and frequency of long periods (longer than 24 h) of low‐/high‐power wind energy events in Ireland are also presented. The frequency of low‐power events is projected to increase slightly, especially during summer. Onshore and offshore events are considered separately, demonstrating the complementarity of developing both onshore and offshore wind farms for future energy systems. Regional analysis highlights the benefit of developing a geographically dispersed wind farm network incorporating different local wind conditions.
Massive double copy in three spacetime dimensions
Authors: González Mariana Carrillo , Momeni Arshia , Rumbutis Justinas
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Recent explorations on how to construct a double copy of massive gauge fields have shown that, while any amplitude can be written in a form consistent with colour-kinematics duality, the double copy is generically unphysical. In this paper, we explore a new direction in which we can obtain a sensible double copy of massive gauge fields due to the special kinematics in three-dimensional spacetimes. To avoid the appearance of spurious poles at 5-points, we only require that the scattering amplitudes satisfy one BCJ relation. We show that the amplitudes of Topologically Massive Yang-Mills satisfy this relation and that their double copy at three, four, and five-points is Topologically Massive Gravity.
Dynamical spin chains in 4D $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 SCFTs
Authors: Pomoni Elli , Rabe Randle , Zoubos Konstantinos
Published: August 2021

Abstract

This is the first in a series of papers devoted to the study of spin chains capturing the spectral problem of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFTs in the planar limit. At one loop and in the quantum plane limit, we discover a quasi-Hopf symmetry algebra, defined by the R-matrix read off from the superpotential. This implies that when orbifolding the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 symmetry algebra down to the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 one and then marginaly deforming, the broken generators are not lost, but get upgraded to quantum generators. Importantly, we demonstrate that these chains are dynamical, in the sense that their Hamiltonian depends on a parameter which is dynamically determined along the chain. At one loop we map the holomorphic SU(3) scalar sector to a dynamical 15-vertex model, which corresponds to an RSOS model, whose adjacency graph can be read off from the gauge theory quiver/brane tiling. One scalar SU(2) sub-sector is described by an alternating nearest-neighbour Hamiltonian, while another choice of SU(2) sub-sector leads to a dynamical dilute Temperley-Lieb model. These sectors have a common vacuum state, around which the magnon dispersion relations are naturally uniformised by elliptic functions. Concretely, for the ℤ2 quiver theory we study these dynamical chains by solving the one- and two-magnon problems with the coordinate Bethe ansatz approach. We confirm our analytic results by numerical comparison with the explicit diagonalisation of the Hamiltonian for short closed chains.
Validating the Earth’s core using atmospheric neutrinos with ICAL at INO
Authors: Kumar Anil , Agarwalla Sanjib Kumar
Published: August 2021

Abstract

The Iron Calorimeter (ICAL) detector at the proposed India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) aims to detect atmospheric neutrinos and antineutrinos separately in the multi-GeV range of energies and over a wide range of baselines. By utilizing its charge identification capability, ICAL can efficiently distinguish μ− and μ+ events. Atmospheric neutrinos passing long distances through Earth can be detected at ICAL with good resolution in energy and direction, which enables ICAL to see the density-dependent matter oscillations experienced by upward-going neutrinos in the multi-GeV range of energies. In this work, we explore the possibility of utilizing neutrino oscillations in the presence of matter to extract information about the internal structure of Earth complementary to seismic studies. Using good directional resolution, ICAL would be able to observe 331 μ− and 146 μ+ core-passing events with 500 kt·yr exposure. With this exposure, we show for the first time that the presence of Earth’s core can be independently confirmed at ICAL with a median ∆χ2 of 7.45 (4.83) assuming normal (inverted) mass ordering by ruling out the simple two-layered mantle-crust profile in theory while generating the prospective data with the PREM profile. We observe that in the absence of charge identification capability of ICAL, this sensitivity deteriorates significantly to 3.76 (1.59) for normal (inverted) mass ordering.
Effects of canagliflozin compared with placebo on major adverse cardiovascular and kidney events in patient groups with different baseline levels of HbA1c, disease duration and treatment intensity: results from the CANVAS Program
Authors: Young Tamara K. , Li Jing-Wei , Kang Amy , Heerspink Hiddo J. L. , Hockham Carinna , Arnott Clare , Neuen Brendon L. , Zoungas Sophia , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Perkovic Vlado , de Zeeuw Dick , Fulcher Greg , Neal Bruce , Jardine Meg
Published: August 2021

Aims/hypothesis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus can manifest over a broad clinical range, although there is no clear consensus on the categorisation of disease complexity. We assessed the effects of canagliflozin, compared with placebo, on cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in the CANagliflozin cardioVascular Assessment Study (CANVAS) Program over a range of type 2 diabetes mellitus complexity, defined separately by baseline intensity of treatment, duration of diabetes and glycaemic control.

Methods

We performed a post hoc analysis of the effects of canagliflozin on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) according to baseline glucose-lowering treatments (0 or 1, 2 or 3+ non-insulin glucose-lowering treatments, or insulin-based treatment), duration of diabetes (<10, 10 to 16, >16 years) and HbA1c (≤53.0 mmol/mol [<7.0%], >53.0 to 58.5 mmol/mol [>7.0% to 7.5%], >58.5 to 63.9 mmol/mol [>7.5 to 8.0%], >63.9 to 69.4 mmol/mol [8.0% to 8.5%], >69.4 to 74.9 mmol/mol [>8.5 to 9.0%] or >74.9 mmol/mol [>9.0%]). We analysed additional secondary endpoints for cardiovascular and kidney outcomes, including a combined kidney outcome of sustained 40% decline in eGFR, end-stage kidney disease or death due to kidney disease. We used Cox regression analyses and compared the constancy of HRs across subgroups by fitting an interaction term (p value for significance <0.05).

Results

At study initiation, 5095 (50%) CANVAS Program participants were treated with insulin, 2100 (21%) had an HbA1c > 74.9 mmol/mol (9.0%) and the median duration of diabetes was 12.6 years (interquartile interval 8.0–18 years). Canagliflozin reduced MACE (HR 0.86 [95% CI 0.75, 0.97]) with no evidence that the benefit differed between subgroups defined by the number of glucose-lowering treatments, the duration of diabetes or baseline HbA1c (all p-heterogeneity >0.17). Canagliflozin reduced MACE in participants receiving insulin with no evidence that the benefit differed from other participants in the trial (HR 0.85 [95% CI 0.72, 1.00]). Similar results were observed for other cardiovascular outcomes and for the combined kidney outcome (HR for combined kidney outcome 0.60 [95% CI 0.47, 0.77]), with all p-heterogeneity >0.37.

Conclusions/interpretation

In people with type 2 diabetes mellitus at high cardiovascular risk, there was no evidence that cardiovascular and renal protection with canagliflozin differed across subgroups defined by baseline treatment intensity, duration of diabetes or HbA1c.

Graphical abstract
Acromioclavicular joint reconstruction implants have differing ability to restore horizontal and vertical plane stability
Authors: Alkoheji Mohamed , El-Daou Hadi , Lee Jillian , Carlos Adrian , Di Mascio Livio , Amis Andrew A.
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Persistent acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) instability following high grade injuries causes significant symptoms. The importance of horizontal plane stability is increasingly recognised. There is little evidence of the ability of current implant methods to restore native ACJ stability in the vertical and horizontal planes. The purpose of this work was to measure the ability of three implant reconstructions to restore native ACJ stability.

Methods

Three groups of nine fresh-frozen shoulders each were mounted into a robotic testing system. The scapula was stationary and the robot displaced the clavicle to measure native anterior, posterior, superior and inferior (A, P, S, I) stability at 50 N force. The ACJ capsule, conoid and trapezoid ligaments were transected and the ACJ was reconstructed using one of three commercially available systems. Two systems (tape loop + screw and tape loop + button) wrapped a tape around the clavicle and coracoid, the third system (sutures + buttons) passed directly through tunnels in the clavicle and coracoid. The stabilities were remeasured. The data for A, P, S, I stability and ranges of A–P and S–I stability were analyzed by ANOVA and repeated-measures Student t tests with Bonferroni correction, to contrast each reconstruction stability versus the native ACJ data for that set of nine specimens, and examined contrasts among the reconstructions.

Results

All three reconstructions restored the range of A–P stability to that of the native ACJ. However, the coracoid loop devices shifted the clavicle anteriorly. For S–I stability, only the sutures + buttons reconstruction did not differ significantly from native ligament restraint.

Conclusions

Only the sutures + buttons reconstruction, that passed directly through tunnels in the clavicle and coracoid, restored all stability measures (A, P, S, I) to the native values, while the tape implants wrapped around the bones anteriorised the clavicle. These findings show differing abilities among reconstructions to restore native stability in horizontal and vertical planes. (300 words)
Boundary Topological Entanglement Entropy in Two and Three Dimensions
Authors: Bridgeman Jacob C. , Brown Benjamin J. , Elman Samuel J.
Published: August 2021

The topological entanglement entropy is used to measure long-range quantum correlations in the ground space of topological phases. Here we obtain closed form expressions for the topological entropy of (2+1)- and (3+1)-dimensional loop gas models, both in the bulk and at their boundaries, in terms of the data of their input fusion categories and algebra objects. Central to the formulation of our results are generalized $${\mathcal {S}}$$
S
-matrices. We conjecture a general property of these $${\mathcal {S}}$$
S
-matrices, with proofs provided in many special cases. This includes constructive proofs for categories up to rank 5.
Risk factors for recurrent gastroesophageal reflux disease after Thal fundoplication
Authors: Ishii Daisuke , Miyagi Hisayuki , Hirasawa Masatoshi
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The recurrence rate of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) after fundoplication has been reported to be 7–25%. We investigated the risk factors for recurrence of GERD after Thal fundoplication (TF) in our department with the aim of further reducing the recurrence rate of GERD.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 276 patients who underwent TF for GERD at our hospital between 2000 and 2019. Retrospectively considered variables were obtained from the medical records of patients. The variables included patient characteristics, GERD severity, surgery-related factors and postoperative course.

Results

The postoperative GERD recurrence rate was 5.8%. In the univariate analysis, the presence of convulsive seizures (12/4 vs. 110/150, p = 0.046) and the absence of a tracheostomy (0/16 vs. 53/207, p = 0.048) at the time of TF were significantly associated with recurrence. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of convulsive seizures at the time of TF was the only factor significantly associated with recurrence.

Conclusion

The presence of convulsive seizures and the absence of a tracheostomy at the time of TF were significantly associated with GERD recurrence after TF. Active control of seizures and consideration of surgical indications, including assessment of respiratory status, are important in preventing the recurrence of GERD after TF.
Reduced nitric oxide bioavailability impairs myocardial oxygen balance during exercise in swine with multiple risk factors
Authors: van de Wouw Jens , Sorop Oana , van Drie Ruben W. A. , Joles Jaap A. , Danser A. H. Jan , Verhaar Marianne C. , Merkus Daphne , Duncker Dirk J.
Published: August 2021

In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that multiple risk factors, including diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidaemia and chronic kidney disease (CKD) result in a loss of nitric oxide (NO) signalling, thereby contributing to coronary microvascular dysfunction. Risk factors were induced in 12 female swine by intravenous streptozotocin injections (DM), a high fat diet (HFD) and renal artery embolization (CKD). Female healthy swine (n = 13) on normal diet served as controls (Normal). After 5 months, swine were chronically instrumented and studied at rest and during exercise. DM + HFD + CKD swine demonstrated significant hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and impaired kidney function compared to Normal swine. These risk factors were accompanied by coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction both in vivo and in isolated small arteries, due to a reduced NO bioavailability, associated with perturbations in myocardial oxygen balance at rest and during exercise. NO synthase inhibition caused coronary microvascular constriction in exercising Normal swine, but had no effect in DM + HFD + CKD animals, while inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 produced similar vasodilator responses in both groups, indicating that loss of NO bioavailability was principally responsible for the observed coronary microvascular dysfunction. This was associated with an increase in myocardial 8-isoprostane levels and a decrease in antioxidant capacity, while antioxidants restored the vasodilation to bradykinin in isolated coronary small arteries, suggesting that oxidative stress was principally responsible for the reduced NO bioavailability. In conclusion, five months of combined exposure to DM + HFD + CKD produces coronary endothelial dysfunction due to impaired NO bioavailability, resulting in impaired myocardial perfusion at rest and during exercise.
Exploring STR sequencing for forensic DNA intelligence databasing using the Austrian National DNA Database as an example
Authors: Hölzl-Müller Petra , Bodner Martin , Berger Burkhard , Parson Walther
Published: August 2021

Here, we present the results from a population study that evaluated the performance of massively parallel sequencing (MPS) of short tandem repeats (STRs) with a particular focus on DNA intelligence databasing purposes. To meet this objective, 247 randomly selected reference samples, earlier being processed with conventional capillary electrophoretic (CE) STR sizing from the Austrian National DNA Database, were reanalyzed with the PowerSeq 46Y kit (Promega). This sample set provides MPS-based population data valid for the Austrian population to increase the body of sequence-based STR variation. The study addressed forensically relevant parameters, such as concordance and backward compatibility to extant amplicon-based genotypes, sequence-based stutter ratios, and relative marker performance. Of the 22 autosomal STR loci included in the PowerSeq 46GY panel, 99.98% of the allele calls were concordant between MPS and CE. Moreover, 25 new sequence variants from 15 markers were found in the Austrian dataset that are yet undescribed in the STRSeq online catalogue and were submitted for inclusion. Despite the high degree of concordance between MPS and CE derived genotypes, our results demonstrate the need for a harmonized allele nomenclature system that is equally applicable to both technologies, but at the same time can take advantage of the increased information content of MPS. This appears to be particularly important with regard to database applications in order to prevent false exclusions due to varying allele naming based on different analysis platforms and ensures backward compatibility.