bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local dominance unveils clusters in networks
Authors: Shi Dingyi , Shang Fan , Chen Bingsheng , Expert Paul , Lü Linyuan , Stanley H. Eugene , Lambiotte Renaud , Evans Tim S. , Li Ruiqi
Published: May 2024

Clusters or communities can provide a coarse-grained description of complex systems at multiple scales, but their detection remains challenging in practice. Community detection methods often define communities as dense subgraphs, or subgraphs with few connections in-between, via concepts such as the cut, conductance, or modularity. Here we consider another perspective built on the notion of local dominance, where low-degree nodes are assigned to the basin of influence of high-degree nodes, and design an efficient algorithm based on local information. Local dominance gives rises to community centers, and uncovers local hierarchies in the network. Community centers have a larger degree than their neighbors and are sufficiently distant from other centers. The strength of our framework is demonstrated on synthesized and empirical networks with ground-truth community labels. The notion of local dominance and the associated asymmetric relations between nodes are not restricted to community detection, and can be utilised in clustering problems, as we illustrate on networks derived from vector data.
Unconventional anomalous Hall effect and large anomalous Nernst effect in antiferromagnet SmMnBi2
Authors: Tang Kaixin , Yang Ye , Shen Jianchang , Shi Mengzhu , Zhang Nan , Li Houpu , Li Hongyu , Liu Zhengtai , Shen Dawei , Wang Rui , Gao Yang , He Junfeng , Xiang Ziji , Chen Xianhui
Published: May 2024

The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) and its thermoelectric counterpart, the anomalous Nernst effect (ANE), are two transverse transport coefficients that are intensely studied in condensed matter physics. While conventional wisdom links AHE and ANE to ferromagnetism, recent achievements reveal that they can emerge in nonmagnetic and antiferromagnetic topological materials with a diversity of mechanisms—many of which await further elucidation. Here, both an unconventional AHE (UAHE) that does not scale with the magnetization and a sizable ANE ( ≈ 1.8 μV K−1) are shown to be possessed by the metallic tetragonal antiferromagnet SmMnBi2. Electronic band structure of SmMnBi2 is investigated by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and first-principles calculations. It is demonstrated that the UAHE reflects the intrinsic Berry curvature contribution stemming from the spin-canted antiferromagnetism, whereas the ANE is possibly further amplified by extrinsic mechanisms. These results identify SmMnBi2 as a promising candidate for exploring unusual transverse transport effects and the extremely rich underlying physics.
Global forest gaps reduce litterfall but increase litter carbon and phosphorus release
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyue , Heděnec Petr , Yue Kai , Ni Xiangyin , Wei Xinyu , Chen Zihao , Yang Jing , Wu Fuzhong
Published: May 2024

Ongoing global climate change and conventional forestry have led to a dramatic increase in new forest gaps, predicted to strongly impact litter turnover and nutrient cycling. Here we synthesized 8739 paired observations to quantify the impacts of naturally occurring and artificially created gaps on litterfall, litter decomposition, and the release of carbon and nutrients. Globally, forest gaps decreased annual litterfall by 29.5% and litter remaining carbon and phosphorus by 5.6%, while litter decomposition increased in the 0–20% mass loss interval. Climate and litter quality showed a major contribution to forest gap effects on litter decomposition, with gap characteristics further influencing the release of carbon and nutrients during decomposition. Our results uncovered the potential impact of escalating forest gaps on reducing litter turnover and carbon sequestration, providing support for the inclusion of gaps into global litter dynamic models to improve predictions of ecosystem material cycling responses to ongoing climate change.
IL-27 maintains cytotoxic Ly6C+ γδ T cells that arise from immature precursors
Authors: Wiesheu Robert , Edwards Sarah C , Hedley Ann , Hall Holly , Tosolini Marie , Fares da Silva Marcelo Gregorio Filho , Sumaria Nital , Castenmiller Suzanne M , Wardak Leyma , Optaczy Yasmin , Lynn Amy , Hill David G , Hayes Alan J , Hay Jodie , Kilbey Anna , Shaw Robin , Whyte Declan , Walsh Peter J , Michie Alison M , Graham Gerard J , Manoharan Anand , Halsey Christina , Blyth Karen , Wolkers Monika C , Miller Crispin , Pennington Daniel J , Jones Gareth W , Fournie Jean-Jacques , Bekiaris Vasileios , Coffelt Seth B
Published: May 2024

In mice, γδ-T lymphocytes that express the co-stimulatory molecule, CD27, are committed to the IFNγ-producing lineage during thymic development. In the periphery, these cells play a critical role in host defense and anti-tumor immunity. Unlike αβ-T cells that rely on MHC-presented peptides to drive their terminal differentiation, it is unclear whether MHC-unrestricted γδ-T cells undergo further functional maturation after exiting the thymus. Here, we provide evidence of phenotypic and functional diversity within peripheral IFNγ-producing γδ T cells. We found that CD27+ Ly6C− cells convert into CD27+Ly6C+ cells, and these CD27+Ly6C+ cells control cancer progression in mice, while the CD27+Ly6C− cells cannot. The gene signatures of these two subsets were highly analogous to human immature and mature γδ-T cells, indicative of conservation across species. We show that IL-27 supports the cytotoxic phenotype and function of mouse CD27+Ly6C+ cells and human Vδ2+ cells, while IL-27 is dispensable for mouse CD27+Ly6C− cell and human Vδ1+ cell functions. These data reveal increased complexity within IFNγ-producing γδ-T cells, comprising immature and terminally differentiated subsets, that offer new insights into unconventional T-cell biology.
Targeting ATP2B1 impairs PI3K/Akt/FOXO signaling and reduces SARS-COV-2 infection and replication
Authors: de Antonellis Pasqualino , Ferrucci Veronica , Miceli Marco , Bibbo Francesca , Asadzadeh Fatemeh , Gorini Francesca , Mattivi Alessia , Boccia Angelo , Russo Roberta , Andolfo Immacolata , Lasorsa Vito Alessandro , Cantalupo Sueva , Fusco Giovanna , Viscardi Maurizio , Brandi Sergio , Cerino Pellegrino , Monaco Vittoria , Choi Dong-Rac , Cheong Jae-Ho , Iolascon Achille , Amente Stefano , Monti Maria , Fava Luca L , Capasso Mario , Kim Hong-Yeoul , Zollo Massimo
Published: May 2024

ATP2B1 is a known regulator of calcium (Ca2+) cellular export and homeostasis. Diminished levels of intracellular Ca2+ content have been suggested to impair SARS-CoV-2 replication. Here, we demonstrate that a nontoxic caloxin-derivative compound (PI-7) reduces intracellular Ca2+ levels and impairs SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, a rare homozygous intronic variant of ATP2B1 is shown to be associated with the severity of COVID-19. The mechanism of action during SARS-CoV-2 infection involves the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activation, inactivation of FOXO3 transcription factor function, and subsequent transcriptional inhibition of the membrane and reticulum Ca2+ pumps ATP2B1 and ATP2A1, respectively. The pharmacological action of compound PI-7 on sustaining both ATP2B1 and ATP2A1 expression reduces the intracellular cytoplasmic Ca2+ pool and thus negatively influences SARS-CoV-2 replication and propagation. As compound PI-7 lacks toxicity in vitro, its prophylactic use as a therapeutic agent against COVID-19 is envisioned here.
Identification of new AAV vectors with enhanced blood–brain barrier penetration efficiency via organ-on-a-chip
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Zhong Yujian , Zhu Mingyang , Pang Chunjin , Xiao Lu , Bu Ye , Li Huapeng , Diao Yong , Yang Chaoyong , Liu Dan
Published: May 2024

An organ-on-a-chip in vitro human model of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) was applied to iteratively enrich for AAV variants that efficiently cross the BBB and transduce astrocyte cells.
Humic acids-modified mesoporous silica encapsulating magnetite: crystal and surface characteristics
Authors: Dzeranov Artur , Pankratov Denis , Bondarenko Lyubov , Telegina Lyudmila , Dzhardimalieva Gulzhian , Saman Daniel , Kydralieva Kamila
Published: May 2024

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles incorporating magnetite nanospheres show promise for controlled drug delivery due to their high surface area and magnetic properties.
Conjugation through Si–O–Si bonds, silsesquioxane (SQ) half cage copolymers, extended examples via SiO0.5/SiO1.5 units: multiple emissive states in violation of Kasha's rule
Authors: Zhang Zijing , Arias Jose Jonathan Rubio , Kaehr Hana , Liu Yujia , Murata Ryoga , Unno Masafumi , Yodsin Nuttapon , Pimbaotham Pimjai , Jungsuttiwong Siriporn , Rammo Matt , Heo Jung-Moo , Kim Jinsang , Rebane Aleksander , Laine Richard M.
Published: May 2024

Fluorescence emission λmax red-shifts with increasing DP in Vy4HC co-oligomers.
Reactions of cyclonickelated complexes with hydroxylamines and TEMPO˙: isolation of new TEMPOH adducts of Ni(ii) and their reactivities with nucleophiles and oxidants
Authors: Sarker Rajib K. , Zargarian Davit
Published: May 2024

The cyclonickelated dimers react with hydroxylamines and TEMPO˙ to give the corresponding κO-TEMPOH adducts. Treatment of the latter with MeCN, morpholine, or imidazole displaces the TEMPOH moiety, whereas AgOC(O)CF3 displaces Br.
Synthesis of bis(oxazoline)-based rare-earth metal complexes and their catalytic performance in the polymerization of isoprene and polar ortho-methoxystyrene
Authors: You Shuhao , Shi Wenyu , Ouyang Ruoxue , Wang Yang , Shi Xiaochao
Published: May 2024

Rare-earth metal dialkyl complexes ligated with bis(oxazoline) ligands were successfully prepared and applied in the highly cis-1,4-selective polymerization of isoprene and the atactic polymerization of polar ortho-methoxystyrene.
Activation of carbon disulfide by a hypersilyl germylene
Authors: Ajithkumar V. S. , Khilari Nripen , Ghanwat Pratiksha B. , Venugopal Geethu , Koley Debasis , Sen Sakya S.
Published: May 2024

In this work, the insertion of CS2 into the Ge–Si bond of PhC(NtBu)2Ge–Si(SiMe3)3 (1) has been investigated, resulting in the formation of PhC(NtBu)2Ge–C(S)–S–Si(SiMe3)3 (2).
Insight into aligned nanofibers improving fuel cell performances: strategies, rationalities, and opportunities
Authors: Yusro Muhammad , Hacker Viktor
Published: May 2024

Aligned nanofibers are presented and explained as a promising approach, including how, why and what steps to take to improve the performance of fuel cells using this approach.
2,2′-Bipyridine-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid ligand engineered CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals for enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield with stable display applications
Authors: Kumar Ankit , Ghosh Sukanya , Saini Ankush , Kumar Sumit , Bag Monojit , Kar Prasenjit
Published: May 2024

2,2′-Bipyridine-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid ligand modified lead halide perovskite nanocrystals show enhanced optical properties with increased stability.
Leveraging bounded datapoints to classify molecular potency improvements
Authors: Fralish Zachary , Skaluba Paul , Reker Daniel
Published: May 2024

We present a novel data pre-processing approach, “DeltaClassifier”, that enables classification models to access traditionally inaccessible bounded datapoints to guide molecular optimizations by directly contrasting pairs of molecules.
Helical interfacial modulation for perovskite photovoltaics
Authors: AlSabeh Ghewa , Almalki Masaud , Kasemthaveechok Sitthichok , Ruiz-Preciado Marco A. , Zhang Hong , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Zimmermann Paul , Dekker Daphne M. , Eickemeyer Felix Thomas , Hinderhofer Alexander , Schreiber Frank , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Ehrler Bruno , Crassous Jeanne , Milić Jovana V. , Grätzel Michael
Published: May 2024

Helical modulators improve the operational stability of perovskite solar cells without a significant effect on photovoltaic characteristics, challenging the role of chiral interfacial modulators in hybrid perovskite photovoltaics.
Mo-doped FeP nanoparticles encapsulated in a N, P doped carbon matrix with an optimized d-band center for a highly efficient and stable hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhang Ting , Zhong Jianguo , Ding Yu , Gao Wei , Wang Yuxin
Published: May 2024

Electrocatalysts for hydrogen production play a crucial role in advancing the green economy.
Radical enhanced intersystem crossing mechanism, electron spin dynamics of high spin states and their applications in the design of heavy atom-free triplet photosensitizers
Authors: Zhang Xue , Chen Xi , Sun Yue , Zhao Jianzhang
Published: May 2024

This review introduces radical-chromophore triplet photosensitizers and their photophysical properties and electron spin dynamics upon photoexcitation.
Synthesis of a catalytic nanomaterial from polypyrrole and a pro-apoptotic peptide to target mitochondria for multimodal cancer therapy
Authors: Wang Cong , Tian Xin , Li Xinming
Published: May 2024

A hybrid and biocompatible nanomaterial with multi-enzymatic activities was developed from polypyrrole and the pro-apoptotic peptide KLA for synergistic and multimodal cancer therapies.
Blue light-excited broadband NIR-II-emitting Li2ZnSn3O8:Cr3+,Ni2+ phosphor for multifunctional optical applications
Authors: Gao Zhexuan , Zhang Yi , Li Yinyan , Zhao Shilong , Zhang Peng , Dong Xiaolong , Deng Degang , Xu Shiqing
Published: May 2024

Utilizing the effective energy transfer from Cr3+ to Ni2+ to realize blue Light Excited Broadband NIR-II-emitting Li2ZnSn3O8:Cr3+,Ni2+ Phosphor.
Unveiling the beauty of cyclopropane formation: a comprehensive survey of enantioselective Michael initiated ring closure (MIRC) reactions
Authors: Moorthy Ramkumar , Bio-Sawe Waidath , Thorat Sagar S. , Sibi Mukund P.
Published: May 2024

This review presents a comprehensive overview of the synthesis of cyclopropanes using enantioselective Michael Initiated Ring Closure (MIRC) reactions.
Regulation on C2H2/CO2 adsorption and separation by molecular rotors in metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Yang Li-Qiu , Yu Jia , Fan Shu-Cong , Wang Ying , Yuan Wen-Yu , Zhai Quan-Guo
Published: May 2024

The molecular rotors in metal–organic frameworks enhance the low-pressure C2H2 adsorption, trigger a gate-opening for CO2, and thus promote the C2H2/CO2 separation.
Mechanically-sensitive fluorochromism by molecular domino transformation in a Schiff base crystal
Authors: Sasaki Toshiyuki , Nakane Takanori , Kawamoto Akihiro , Zhao Yakai , Fujimoto Yushi , Nishizawa Tomohiro , Kalita Nabadeep , Tsuzuki Seiji , Ito Fuyuki , Ramamurty Upadrasta , Thakuria Ranjit , Kurisu Genji
Published: May 2024

Fluorochromism induced by a force as low as 1 μN is demonstrated in a Schiff base crystal via molecular domino transformation. Its transformation mechanism was elucidated by combining MicroED with ‘painting’ crystallization.
Viability of elutriation for the extraction of microplastics from environmental soil samples
Authors: Forsythe Kyle , Egermeier Mason , Garcia Marcus , Liu Rui , Campen Matthew , Minghetti Matteo , Jilling Andrea , Gonzalez-Estrella Jorge
Published: May 2024

Simplified process flow diagram for direct digestion (A) and elutriation (B) method.
Bacterial microcompartments as a next-generation metabolic engineering tool: utilizing nature's solution for confining challenging catabolic pathways
Authors: Doron Lior , Kerfeld Cheryl A.
Published: May 2024

Advancements in synthetic biology have facilitated the incorporation of heterologous metabolic pathways into various bacterial chassis, leading to the synthesis of targeted bioproducts. However, total output from heterologous production pathways can suffer from low flux, enzyme promiscuity, formation of toxic intermediates, or intermediate loss to competing reactions, which ultimately hinder their full potential. The self-assembling, easy-to-modify, protein-based bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) offer a sophisticated way to overcome these obstacles by acting as an autonomous catalytic module decoupled from the cell's regulatory and metabolic networks. More than a decade of fundamental research on various types of BMCs, particularly structural studies of shells and their self-assembly, the recruitment of enzymes to BMC shell scaffolds, and the involvement of ancillary proteins such as transporters, regulators, and activating enzymes in the integration of BMCs into the cell's metabolism, has significantly moved the field forward. These advances have enabled bioengineers to design synthetic multi-enzyme BMCs to promote ethanol or hydrogen production, increase cellular polyphosphate levels, and convert glycerol to propanediol or formate to pyruvate. These pioneering efforts demonstrate the enormous potential of synthetic BMCs to encapsulate non-native multi-enzyme biochemical pathways for the synthesis of high-value products.
Precision diagnostics in transplanted organs using microarray-assessed gene expression: concepts and technical methods of the Molecular Microscope® Diagnostic System (MMDx)
Authors: Madill-Thomsen Katelynn S. , Halloran Philip F.
Published: May 2024

There is a major unmet need for improved accuracy and precision in the assessment of transplant rejection and tissue injury. Diagnoses relying on histologic and visual assessments demonstrate significant variation between expert observers (as represented by low kappa values) and have limited ability to assess many biological processes that produce little histologic changes, for example, acute injury. Consensus rules and guidelines for histologic diagnosis are useful but may have errors. Risks of over- or under-treatment can be serious: many therapies for transplant rejection or primary diseases are expensive and carry risk for significant adverse effects. Improved diagnostic methods could alleviate healthcare costs by reducing treatment errors, increase treatment efficacy, and serve as useful endpoints for clinical trials of new agents that can improve outcomes. Molecular diagnostic assessments using microarrays combined with machine learning algorithms for interpretation have shown promise for increasing diagnostic precision via probabilistic assessments, recalibrating standard of care diagnostic methods, clarifying ambiguous cases, and identifying potentially missed cases of rejection. This review describes the development and application of the Molecular Microscope® Diagnostic System (MMDx), and discusses the history and reasoning behind many common methods, statistical practices, and computational decisions employed to ensure that MMDx scores are as accurate and precise as possible. MMDx provides insights on disease processes and highly reproducible results from a comparatively small amount of tissue and constitutes a general approach that is useful in many areas of medicine, including kidney, heart, lung, and liver transplants, with the possibility of extrapolating lessons for understanding native organ disease states.
Targeting the long non-coding RNA MIAT for the treatment of fibroids in an animal model
Authors: Chuang Tsai-Der , Ton Nhu , Manrique Nathaly , Rysling Shawn , Khorram Omid
Published: May 2024

Our previous studies indicated that there is overexpression of MIAT in fibroids and MIAT is a sponge for the miR-29 family in these tumors. The objective of the present study was to determine if the knockdown of MIAT in fibroid xenografts will increase miR-29 levels and reduce the expression of genes targeted by this miRNA such as collagen and cell cycle regulatory proteins in a mouse model for fibroids. Ovariectomized CB-17 SCID/Beige mice bearing estrogen/progesterone pellets were implanted subcutaneously in the flank with equal weight of fibroid explants which had been transduced by lentivirus for either control (empty vector) or MIAT knockdown for four weeks (n=7). Knockdown of MIAT in fibroid xenografts resulted in a 30% reduction of tumor weight and a marked increase in miR-29a, -b, and -c levels in the xenografts. There was reduced cell proliferation and expression of cell cycle regulatory genes CCND1, CDK2, and E2F1 and no significant changes in apoptosis. The xenografts with MIAT knockdown expressed lower mRNA and protein levels of FN1, COL3A1, and TGF-β3, and total collagen protein. Targeting MIAT, which sponges the pro-fibrotic miR-29 family, is an effective therapy for fibroids by reducing cell proliferation and thereby, tumor growth and accumulation of ECM, which is a hallmark of these benign gynecologic tumors.
Malate dehydrogenase: a story of diverse evolutionary radiation
Authors: Wolyniak Michael J. , Frazier Robert H. , Gemborys Peter K. , Loehr Henry E.
Published: May 2024

Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) is a ubiquitous enzyme involved in cellular respiration across all domains of life. MDH’s ubiquity allows it to act as an excellent model for considering the history of life and how the rise of aerobic respiration and eukaryogenesis influenced this evolutionary process. Here, we present the diversity of the MDH family of enzymes across bacteria, archaea, and eukarya, the relationship between MDH and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the formation of a protein superfamily, and the connections between MDH and endosymbiosis in the formation of mitochondria and chloroplasts. The development of novel and powerful DNA sequencing techniques has challenged some of the conventional wisdom underlying MDH evolution and suggests a history dominated by gene duplication, horizontal gene transfer, and cryptic endosymbiosis events and adaptation to a diverse range of environments across all domains of life over evolutionary time. The data also suggest a superfamily of proteins that do not share high levels of sequential similarity but yet retain strong conservation of core function via key amino acid residues and secondary structural components. As DNA sequencing and ‘big data’ analysis techniques continue to improve in the life sciences, it is likely that the story of MDH will continue to refine as more examples of superfamily diversity are recovered from nature and analyzed.
Development of a Dysphagia Pathway Program for Head and Neck Cancer in a Rural Patient Population
Authors: Chan Kimberly , Keane Allison , Fisher Nicole , King Tonya S. , Yang Yanxu , Allibone Melissa , Ayala Aaron , Choi Karen Y.
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to discuss the feasibility of developing, and the challenges of implementing, a structured dysphagia program in a rural patient population with preliminary data.

Method:

The Dysphagia Pathway Program (DPP) is a standardized, prophylactic swallow therapy program for head and neck cancer patients initiated in 2019 as a multidisciplinary approach at Penn State Hershey Medical Center. An interrupted time series study was conducted comparing the swallow and nutritional status of patients pre- and postimplementation of the DPP. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and linear mixed-effects models to determine statistical significance for categorical and continuous variables, respectively.

Results:

The DPP group included 52 patients, and the pre-implementation group included 109 patients. A higher percentage of patients in the DPP group tolerated a by mouth (PO)-only diet at the last day of treatment time point (
p
< .001). The DPP group showed similar changes in body mass index and albumin over time but had lower rates of gastrostomy tube placements (
p
= .002) compared to the pre-implementation group. The average adherence to speech and swallow therapy in the DPP group decreased over time.

Conclusions:

Although we encountered many obstacles in the development of the DPP, we found prophylactic swallow therapy to be feasible to implement and beneficial in our rural patient population. In this pilot study, our results demonstrated that prophylactic swallow therapy shows a favorable trend in swallowing and nutritional status. Future improvements include improving documentation of swallowing outcomes, patient adherence, and utilizing telehealth.
Turn‐to‐turn and phase‐to‐phase short circuit fault detection of wind turbine permanent magnet generator based on equivalent magnetic network modelling by wavelet transform approach
Authors: Ghods Mehrage , Tabarniarami Zabihollah , Faiz Jawad , Bazrafshan Mohammad Amin
Published: May 2024

One of the most common faults in electric machines is a turn‐to‐turn short circuit (TTSC), which may destroy coil insulation and demagnetise the magnet. In addition, the phase‐to‐phase short circuit (PPSC) fault, which can have even more destructive effects than the TTSC fault, is introduced and analysed. The equivalent magnetic network (EMN) method, with high modelling accuracy and a short computation time, is employed for healthy and faulty machines. The current signal under fault conditions is analysed in the dqo frame, showing the presence of the second harmonic component in its waveform. This fault detection index is processed using the signal processing technique of discrete(wavelet transform (DWT). Besides, energy analysis is used to distinguish TTSC and PPSC faults. Finally, finite element and EMN modelling results are compared with the experimental data of the prototyped permanent magnet generator. The results show that the combination of the proposed EMN method and DWT has very good accuracy and speed. Furthermore, the proposed fault detection method remains unaffected by various linear loads with different power factors.

The cover image is based on the article Turn‐to‐turn and phase‐to‐phase short circuit fault detection of wind turbine permanent magnet generator based on equivalent magnetic network modelling by wavelet transform approach by Mehrage Ghods et al., https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.12452
Multi‐objective capacity estimation of wind ‐ solar ‐ energy storage in power grid planning consideration policy effect
Authors: Huan Jiajia , Zhang Xiaohui , He Yuling , Sun Kai , Han Zhicheng , Wang Haipeng
Published: May 2024

Numerous policies have been implemented to advance the growth of renewable energy. Nonetheless, certain policies have not yielded the anticipated impact on the progression of renewable energy development. In order to maximize the promotion effect of renewable energy policies, this study proposes a capacity allocation optimization method of wind power generation, solar power and energy storage in power grid planning under different policy objectives. First, based on the policy quantification, grey relation analysis (GRA) is used to calculate the correlation degree of the policy indicators on the planning capacity of renewable energy. Further, a multi‐objective capacity estimation model for wind, solar and energy storage is comprehensively presented. Some highly correlated policy indicators are transformed into the special constraints. And the economy and the stability of the power grid are integrated as the objective function. Meanwhile, the carbon trading and punishment for wind power and solar power abandonment are considered. Finally, the proposed model is solved by NSGA‐II‐PSO (particle swarm optimization) algorithm. The novelty of the algorithm is that the crossover operation of NSGA‐II is replaced by the position updating of particle swarm. The calculation result of the case study can effectively evaluate the optimal planning capacity of renewable energy under different policies, while ensuring the economic and the stability of the power system. The study can provide the reasonable basis and the valid analytical method for the policy formulation and the renewable energy development.
Emergence of high-mass stars in complex fiber networks (EMERGE)
Authors: Bonanomi Francesca , Hacar Alvaro , Socci Andrea , Petry Dirk , Suri Sümeyye
Published: May 2024

Context. High-resolution images from Atacama Large Millimetre Array (ALMA) allow for the filamentary structure of the interstellar medium (ISM) to be resolved down to a few thousand astronomical units (au) in star-forming regions located at kiloparsec (kpc) distances.

Aims. We aim to systematically quantify the impact of the interferometric response and the effects of the short-spacing information during the characterization of the ISM structure using ALMA observations.

Methods. We created a series of continuum ALMA synthetic observations to test the recovery of the fundamental observational properties of dense cores and filaments (i.e., intensity peak, radial profile, and width) at different spatial scales. We homogeneously compared the results obtained with and without different data combination techniques and using different ALMA arrays and SD telescopes in both simulated data and real observations.

Results. Our analysis illustrates the severity of interferometric filtering effects. ALMA-12 m-alone observations show significant scale-dependent flux losses that systematically corrupt (>30% error) all the physical properties inferred in cores and filaments (i.e., column density, mass, and size) well before the maximum recoverable scale of the interferometer. These effects are only partially mitigated by the addition of the ALMA ACA-7 m array, although at the expenses of degrading the telescope point-spread-function (PSF). Our results demonstrate that only the addition of the ALMA Total Power(TP) information allows for the true sky emission to be recovered down to a few times the ALMA beamsize with sufficient accuracy (<10% error). Additional tests show that the emission recovery of cores and filaments at all scales is further improved if the 7 m+TP data are replaced by additional maps obtained by a larger SD telescope (e.g., IRAM-30 m), even if the latter are noisier than expected. In particular, these observational biases affect partially resolved targets, which becomes especially critical for studies in nearby regions such as Taurus or Orion.

Conclusions. Our results demonstrate the need for the use of the state-of-the-art data combination techniques to accurately characterize the complex physical structure of the ISM in the ALMA era.
HOMERUN: A new approach to photoionization modeling
Authors: Marconi A. , Amiri A. , Feltre A. , Belfiore F. , Cresci G. , Curti M. , Mannucci F. , Bertola E. , Brazzini M. , Carniani S. , Cataldi E. , D’Amato Q. , de Rosa G. , Di Teodoro E. , Ginolfi M. , Kumari N. , Marconcini C. , Maiolino R. , Magrini L. , Marasco A. , Mingozzi M. , Moreschini B. , Nagao T. , Oliva E. , Scialpi M. , Tomicic N. , Tozzi G. , Ulivi L. , Venturi G.
Published: May 2024

We present HOMERUN (Highly Optimized Multi-cloud Emission-line Ratios Using photo-ionizatioN), a new approach to modeling emission lines from photoionized gas that can simultaneously reproduce all observed line intensities from a wide range of ionization levels with high accuracy. Our approach is based on the weighted combination of multiple single-cloud photoionization models, and contrary to previous works, the novelty of our approach consists of using the weights as free parameters of the fit and constraining them with the observed data. One of the main applications of HOMERUN is the accurate determination of gas-phase metallicities, and we show that a critical point is to allow for a variation of the N/O and S/O abundance ratios, as this can significantly improve the quality of the fit and the accuracy of the results. Moreover, our approach provides a major improvement compared to the single-cloud constant-pressure models commonly used in the literature. By using high-quality spectra from the literature of H II regions, where 10 to 20 emission lines (including several auroral lines) are detected with a high signal-to-noise ratio, we show that all lines are reproduced by the model with an accuracy better than 10%. In particular, the model is able to simultaneously reproduce [O I]λλ6300, 6363; [O II]λλ3726, 3729; [O III]λλ4959, 5007; [S II]λλ6717, 6731; and [S III]λλ9069, 9532 emission lines, which to our knowledge is an unprecedented result. Finally, we show that the gas metallicities estimated with our models for HII regions in the Milky Way are in better agreement with the stellar metallicities than the estimates based on the Te method. Overall, our method provides a new accurate tool to estimate the metallicity and the physical conditions of the ionized gas. It can be applied to many different science cases, from HII regions to active galactic nuclei, and wherever there are emission lines from photoionized gas.
Diagnostic potential of wavelength-integrated scattering polarisation in the solar He II Ly-αline
Authors: Riva Fabio , Janett Gioele , Belluzzi Luca
Published: May 2024

Aims.The main goal of this work is to study the potential of the He IILy-αwavelength-integrated scattering polarisation for probing the magnetism of the solar upper chromosphere. Meanwhile, the suitability of different modelling approximations is investigated.

Methods.Radiative transfer calculations are performed in semi-empirical 1D solar atmospheres, out of local thermodynamic equilibrium, considering a two-term atomic model and accounting for the Hanle, Zeeman, and magneto-optical effects. The problem is suitably linearised and discretised, and the resulting numerical system is solved with a matrix-free iterative method. The results obtained by modelling scattering processes with three different descriptions, namely in the limit of complete frequency redistribution (CRD), and accounting for partial frequency redistribution (PRD) effects under the angle-averaged (AA) approximation and in the general angle-dependent (AD) formulation, are compared.

Results.The synthetic Stokes profiles resulting from CRD, PRD–AA, and PRD–AD calculations show a very good agreement in the line core, while some differences are observed inQ/Ioutside this spectral region. Moreover, the precise structure of the atmospheric model does not noticeably affect the line-core profiles, but it strongly impacts theQ/Isignals outside the line core. As most of the He IILy-αphotons originate in the core region, it turns out that wavelength-integrated linear polarisation signals are almost insensitive to both the scattering description and the atmospheric model. Appreciable wavelength-integratedŪ/Īsignals, showing observable sensitivity to horizontal magnetic fields in the 0–1000 G range, are also found, particularly near the limb. While the integration time required to detect magnetic fields in the quiet chromosphere with this line is too long for sounding-rocket missions, magnetic fields corresponding to typical plage areas would produce detectable signals, especially near the limb.

Conclusions.These results, to be confirmed by 3D calculations including the impact of horizontal inhomogeneities and bulk velocity gradients, show that filter polarimetry in the He IILy-αline has a promising potential for chromospheric magnetic-field diagnostics. In near-limb plage regions, this could already be assessed through sounding-rocket experiments.
Resonance coupling in spiral arms
Authors: Marchuk Alexander A.
Published: May 2024

Context. To address questions about the physical nature and origin of spiral arms in galaxies, it is necessary to measure their dynamical properties, such as the angular speed, Ωp, or the corotation radius. Observations suggest that galaxies may contain several independent spiral patterns simultaneously. It was shown that so-called non-linear resonance coupling plays an important role in such systems.

Aims. We aim to identify cases of independent spiral patterns for galaxies with a flat rotation curve and to investigate what relative pattern velocities, Ωpout/Ωpin, they might have for all possible cases of coupling between the main resonances.

Methods. We solved equations for the main resonance positions (1:1, 2:1, 4:1) and estimated the ratio ϖ of the corotation radii for two subsequent patterns. For six close galaxies with flat rotation curves, we collected the measurements of the corotation radii in the literature, using at least three different methods in each case for credibility. We found at least two independent spiral patterns for each galaxy and measured the ϖ ratios.

Results. We found ϖ ratios for all possible cases for the main resonances. For three cases, we obtained ϖ > 3, indicating that it would be difficult to fit two or even more spiral patterns in the disc. These ratios have been used to derive the wind-up time for spirals, estimated to be several galactic rotations. We find that three pairs of coupling cases, including those that have been vastly acknowledged in galaxies, namely, OLRin = CRout  &  CRin = IUHRout, have very close ϖ ratios; hence, they ought to be found simultaneously, as observed. We find a strongly confirmed apparent resonance coupling for six galaxies and we show that the observed ϖ is in agreement with theory. In two of them, we identified a previously unreported form of simultaneous coupling, namely, OLRin = OUHRout  &  OUHRin = CRout. This result was also predicted from the proximity of ϖ.
Deletion of Setd2 Aggravates Gastric Adenoma Induced by c-Myc Overexpression Involving PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Aijia
Published: May 2024

Globally, gastric cancer (GC) is an urgent health concern, necessitating an understanding of its genetic and epigenetic regulation. The tumor suppressor Setd2, H3K36me3 methyltransferase, has been associated with malignancies. The underlying signaling mechanisms and the function of Setd2 in GC aggravation are yet unclear. To figure out this question, we utilized a mouse model with c-Myc overexpression and Setd2 knockout in gastric parietal cells to conduct histological and molecular analysis. Our results demonstrated that deletion of Setd2 exacerbated gastric adenoma induced by c-Myc overexpression. Moreover, we revealed that PI3K/AKT signaling pathway contributed to the development of gastric adenoma, offering GC patients a potentially effective treatment approach.
The Role of Electroencephalography (EEG) in the Diagnosis and Subtyping of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review
Authors: Wang Yuemeng , Chen Zhencai
Published: May 2024

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is thought to be linked with atypical neural connections. Currently, neural connectivity is a theoretically structured construct that is not easily measurable. Research in network science and time-series analysis indicates that the configuration of neural networks serves as an indicator of neural activity, which may be assessed using electroencephalography (EEG). EEG offers various analysis techniques to potentially identify brain irregularities. This review aims to assess the efficacy of two EEG signal analysis approaches in diagnosing and categorizing ASD. Literature review categorized studies into functional connectivity analysis and spectral power analysis based on predominant EEG analysis methods. Most researches reported significant distinctions between ASD individuals and nonautistic individuals. While, the diverse outcomes preclude definitive conclusions, and presently, no single method emerges as a reliable diagnostic tool. Due to limited research, these methods cannot adequately delineate ASD subtypes. While confirming EEG abnormalities in ASD, current findings fall short of diagnostic utility. Future investigations with larger cohorts and robust methodologies may enhance the sensitivity and consistency of ASD characteristics, fostering the development of novel diagnostic modalities.
Analysis of the characteristics of Global synthetic biology research and reference to technical layout
Authors: Zhang Sujuan , Lu Xu , Sun Tianyao , Yuan Rubing
Published: May 2024

Background. In order to understand the research status and hotspots in the field of global synthetic biology, this paper analyzes the gaps and differences between China's synthetic biology research and foreign counterparts.

Methods. Using the scientmetric tool CiteSpace, 12040 academic papers with the theme of synthetic biology, which were included in the Web of Science core set database in the past 15 years from 2008 to 2023, were visually analyzed.

Results. The study found that: at the country level, the United States continues to lead the research in the field of global synthetic biology, and had obvious advantages and dominant positions. Through the bibliometric analysis of the literature, we found that, Synthetic biologye research focused mostly on the keywords "genome", "models", "proteins", "complex", "cells", and "gene cluster". The fragmentation of China's synthetic biology research network is prominent. Conclusions. On the whole, if China can fully absorband learn from the strategically oriented scientific and technological management experience in the field of synthetic biology from major competing countries such as the United States, give full play to the advantages of the national system, transform and utilize the existing achievements, and at the same time attach importance to emphasis on basic R&D investment and talent base training, expanding orderly participation, will have the opportunity to become a high ground for global synthetic biology and innovation practice in the technology industry in the future.
The application of novel digital intelligent device in the assessment of cardiac function in patients with arrhythmia
Authors: Xu Zhiyang , Fan Xutong , Zhan Yiyang
Published: May 2024

Acoustic electrocardiography (ACG) is a new non-invasive test that combines the visualization of traditional ECG waveforms and heart-generated sound waveforms to jointly assess cardiac function and cardiac pathology. However, traditional ACG equipment is limited by technology and suffers from problems such as inconvenience and inaccuracy. In recent years, with the development of artificial intelligence technology, some newly developed wearable single-lead ACG devices have appeared, which have applications in the fields of heart failure and coronary heart disease. In order to further clarify the efficacy of this new ACG device for cardiac function assessment in irregular ECG and heart sound waveforms, this study will be validated in patients with arrhythmia, ROC curves show better evaluation of EMAT and EMAT% for HFrEF.
Predicting underwater unmanned vehicle dynamic recovery process in nonlinear watershed based on BP neural network
Authors: DU Xiaoxu , LI Hanyu , LIU Xin
Published: May 2024

Because of a nonlinear watershed′s interference during the recovery of an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV), a closed-loop control method for optimizing the recovery path of the UUV based on the BP neural network is proposed. The paper uses the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method to simulate the hydrodynamic coefficients for recovering the UUV relative to a submarine in different paths. The numerical simulation results are used as the initial data for training the BP neural network. Using the Latin super-law, the location of the nonlinear watershed is randomly sampled. Hydrodynamic coefficients of the UUV in the nonlinear watershed at sampling points are predicted based on the BP neural network. The results show that the error predicted by the neural network through root mean squares is within 10%. Through combining the prediction results of the neural network with the UUV longitudinal maneuverability equation, the error of the recovery speed and steering interval is compared with the theoretical recovery path. The closed-loop control method of UUV dynamic recovery in the nonlinear watershed is optimized.
Survivorship and complications of cementless compared to cemented posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasties: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chahidi Esfandiar , Martinov Sagi , Simion Filip , Mercier Camille , Sabot Liam , Kyriakydis Theofylaktos , Callewier Antoine , Hernigou Jacques
Published: May 2024

Purpose: Controversy exists on the best fixation for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Non-cemented fixation has been theorized to improve patient outcomes and longevity of implantation but no study has focused on comparison between cemented or cementless posterior-stabilized implants despite being the most commonly or second most frequently utilized implant in most total knee replacement registries. Methods: Inclusion criteria with observational and interventional papers, and review articles that focused on patients with cementless and cemented PS TKAs were used to analyze outcomes such as implant survivorship, complication, or revision rates. Using a combination of keywords, a systematic search was performed on Medline (PubMed), Embase, and Cochrane Library for Meta-Analysis. Results: When using the specified criteria, only 8 studies were selected for full-text analysis and meta-analysis after eliminating screening duplicates, titles, and abstracts without full-text access. These eight studies contain 1652 patients, 693 in the non-cemented Group, and 959 in the cemented total knee prosthesis Group. The meta-analysis revealed the advantage of cementless fixation over cemented fixation in implant survivorship, with 0.6% and 2.6% of aseptic loosening in each Group. The cumulative survival at 12 years was 97.4% for the cementless Group and 89.2% for the cemented Group. The subgroup with a stem showed a positive outcome for cementless fixation over cemented fixation regarding implant survivorship. No differences between the cemented and cementless TKAs were observed in patient-reported outcomes, revision rates, or radiolucent line development. Conclusion: We observed comparable rates for cemented and cementless posterior-stabilized TKAs over a medium-term follow-up period.
Radioembolisation mit Harz- und Glas-Mikrosphären
Authors: Ilhan Harun , Stegger Lars , Ahmadzadehfar Hojjat
Published: May 2024

Die transarterielle Radioembolisation (TARE) ist eine lokal ablative
Therapieoption bei primären und sekundären Lebertumoren mit leberdominanter
Erkrankung. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die gängigsten
Indikationen, die Patientenselektion, die Therapieplanung und -durchführung
sowie die Nachsorge der Patienten. Der Fokus liegt auf Yttrium-90-beladenen
Glas- und Harzmikrosphären, wobei weite Teile dieser Übersicht auch für
Holmium-166 beladene Mikrosphären gelten.
Subcutaneous Granular Cell Tumor of the Buttock: An Unusual Case and Brief Literature Review
Authors: Marcucci Vincent , Parsons Libby , Ouellette Taylor , Parker Glenn
Published: May 2024

Granular cell tumors are rare soft tissue tumors with neural origin that present malignant potential. Perianal granular cell tumors with only subcutaneous involvement are uncommonly presented in the literature. Herein, we present the case of a 49-year-old female patient with perianal granular cell tumor of the buttock. The patient underwent successful surgical resection and remains under close postoperative follow-up. There is no standard diagnostic algorithm for these tumors, and imaging provides little benefit. Histopathology and immunohistochemical staining are necessary for the accurate diagnosis of granular cell tumors.
What is political and what is not? Illustrating how the salience of abortion in the media shapes public perceptions about its political nature
Authors: Fraile Marta , Hernández Enrique
Published: May 2024

What is political and what is not? While conventional wisdom in public opinion research assumes a shared understanding of political matters, recent studies have challenged this assumption. In this article, we theorize and analyze how the prominence of abortion in the media affects whether or not citizens consider abortion a political issue. Leveraging the unexpected surge in media attention to abortion regulation in Spanish media during our survey fieldwork we implement an Unexpected Event During Survey Design. Our findings reveal that respondents interviewed after abortion gained salience in the media were 10% points more likely to perceive abortion as a political matter.