bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of attachment relationships in the pathogenesis of dissociative symptoms – literature review
Authors: Subocz Dawid
Published: December 2021

Objective: The objective of this paper is to review the literature on the role of the attachment relationship in the pathogenesis of dissociative symptoms. The paper integrates the knowledge of environmental and genetic factors as well as neurobiological processes mediating the development of dissociative symptoms in a holistic way.
Material and method: The literature review was performed with the use of the following databases: EBSCO, PsycINFO, PubMed, Google Scholar. The databases were searched using the following keywords: “attachment style”, “dissociation”, “trauma”. These terms were combined with the words ‘secure’, ‘disorganised’, ‘epigenetic’, ‘genetic’ and the term ‘monoaminergic system’.
Results: Literature analysis suggests that the pathomechanism linking traumatic experiences in the attachment relationship with dissociative symptoms is mediated by neurobiological factors. These include: dysregulation within monoaminergic systems and atrophy of neuronal structures that play a role in affective regulation.
Discussion and conclusions: Research suggests that traumatic experiences in the attachment relationship are a risk factor for the development of dissociative symptoms in the future. There is still a lack of research verifying the relationship between attachment experiences and epigenetic changes in genes regulating the activity of monoaminergic systems. These processes may play an important role in the aetiology of many nosological units, the development of which is mediated by dissociative symptoms. Future research should evaluate dissociation from the perspective of a transdiagnostic risk factor for the development of a broad spectrum of psychopathology.
EFFECT OF ß-HYDROXY-ß-METHYLBUTYRATE (HMB) ON MUSCLE STRENGTH IN OLDER ADULTS WITH LOW PHYSICAL FUNCTION
Authors: Kinoshita K. , Satake S. , Matsui Y. , Kawashima S. , Arai H.
Published: December 2021

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on muscle strength, physical performance, and muscle mass without additional exercise training in older adults with low physical function. Design: Randomized, controlled trial (Open-label study). Setting: Outpatients. Participants: 34 senior outpatients with low physical function who do not exercise regularly. Intervention: 2.4 g of HMB (3.0 g of calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate [CaHMB]) per day was given for 60 days, and subjects in the control group were asked to engage in daily activities as normal. Measurements: Weakness or low function was defined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria, then the participants were assigned to the HMB group or the control group. All participants underwent several evaluations such as grip strength, the timed up and go test, the 5-times chair stand test (5CS), and skeletal muscle mass index by the bioimpedance method at baseline and at the end of intervention or control period. Results: An intragroup comparison of pre- to post-treatment values showed significant improvement in grip strength and the 5CS in the HMB group (grip strength: HMB, 16.6±6.1 kg to 18.2±6.4 kg, P=.001; control, 16.5±4.3 kg to 16.7±4.7 kg, P=.729; 5CS: HMB, 11.0 [8.8-13.0] s to 10.1 [8.5-12.6] s, P=.011; control, 11.1 [8.6-13.8] s to 10.0 [8.8-11.3] s, P=.246). Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) used to compare the HMB and control groups showed a significant improvement in grip strength in the HMB group compared with the control group (P=.029). Conclusion: A supplementation of HMB without additional exercise may improve muscle strength in older patients with low muscle strength.
VALIDITY OF MALNUTRITION UNIVERSAL SCREENING TOOL (MUST) IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS: APPROPRIATE SCREENING TOOL IN HOSPITAL; MUST OR FULL-MNA?
Authors: Hormozi S. , Alizadeh-Khoei M. , Sharifi F. , Chehrehgosha M. , Esmaeili R. , Rezaie-Abhari F. , Aminalroaya R. , Madadi Z.
Published: December 2021

Background: Since malnutrition of geriatric hospitalized patients has an impact on treatment and care management, the aim was to define the accuracy of Malnutrition Universal Screening Test (MUST) for malnutrition screening in the Iranian hospitalized elderly. Methods: In this cross-sectional study elderly 60 ≥ years (N= 192) were selected from two hospitals, anthropometric measures (BMI, MAC, and CC), laboratory test (Albumin), and nutrition tool (Full-MNA) applied and analyzed at P<0.05 level. Results: Elderly participants had a mean age of 68.86 ± 7.46 years and BMI 24.08± 4.64. Elderly patients (28%) lost their weight (>10%) in the last six months and loss of appetite observed in (33.4%) participants. In MUST tool rating, high-risk elderly patients for malnutrition were 33.3%. The AUC for MUST, according to Full-MNA was obtained 90.41%, with sensitivity 90.0% and specificity 73.25%. The MUST showed the strongest correlation with Full-MNA (r = -0.7) and BMI (r = - 0.51); but, the lowest correlation observed with Alb (r= -0.274). Most AUC was belonging to weight loss (0.96) and BMI (0.94). NConclusion: The MUST tool like full-MNA could diagnose malnutrition in geriatric patients in the hospital setting.
Preparation and Characterization of Green Fe3 O4 Nanoparticle Using the Aqueous Plant Extract of Gundelia tournefortii L.
Authors: Jalal Aveen F. , Fakhre Nabil A.
Published: December 2021

In this work, the magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) synthesized using a simple, fast, and environmentally acceptable green approach. Gundelia Tournefortii Extract, an aqueous plant extract, was used for the first time in green synthesis to prepare nanoparticles as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents. Such biomolecules as flavonoids, alkaloids, and antioxidants are found in the aqueous leaf extract, and their presence has been determined to have an important role in the synthesis of Fe3O4-NPs. The techniques used in this analysis include Fourier Transform Infrared, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer. The Vibrating Sample Magnetometer demonstrated that the samples were superparamagnetic, with a magnetization value of 48.6 emu/g. The prepared nanoparticle was applied to  remove Chrystal Violet (CV), Malachite Green(MG), and Safranin (S) dyes from prepared aqueous solutions with the adsorption capacity of 13.9, 15.6, and 14.4 mg/g respectively.
Weedy Finance: Weather Insurance and Parametric Life on Unstable Grounds
Authors: Schuster Caroline E.
Published: December 2021

Based in the agrarian worlds of commercial sesame farming in northern Paraguay, where insurance companies are now selling weather derivatives to poor farmers, this article tracks financial practices that depend less on the healthy crops and more on the weeds that thrive among the profitable plants. Parametric insurance operates like a derivative and is triggered by certain weather conditions, which raises questions about the limits of survivability for human-crop relations. I sketch out a series of concerns about weeds as an entry point and helpful heuristic for multiple overlapping kinds of speculation in a multispecies, capitalist, and troubled landscape. By gridding the world to a limited set of expedient parameters, what generative social and human grounds do we lose in the process? A speculative anthropological imaginary might posit “weedy finance” as a critical standpoint and set of political claims for casting climate-based finance as one of the lively systems that can and should be intentionally and selectively weeded out.
A Racial-Religious Imagination: Syriac Christians, Iconic Bodies, and the Sensory Politics of Ethical Difference in the Netherlands
Authors: Bakker Kellogg Sarah
Published: December 2021

Since 9/11, political debate over immigration in Europe is often posed as a question of Islam’s distance from Europe’s putatively Judeo-Christian ethical tradition—and therefore a matter of neither explicitly racial nor religious animus. This article interrogates this claim from the perspective of Syriac Orthodox Christians living in the Netherlands, who, despite their conspicuous Christianity, are frequently told by both the state and their neighbors that their ethnoreligious difference is not meaningfully different from Muslim difference. Drawing on fieldwork in the Dutch subprovince of Twente, I analyze both everyday and bureaucratic moments of misrecognition as sites of racialization that illuminate a Dutch racial-religious imagination rooted in post-Calvinist theological anxieties over social reproduction. By showing how minoritized bodies are read as icons of invisible reproductive relations, I deploy the Orthodox Christian doctrine of the holy icon to theorize secular modern racialization as a process of ethical differentiation, classification, and control over reproductive power.
Embodied Urbanisms: Corruption and the Ecologies of Eating and Excreting in India's Real Estate Economies
Authors: Dharia Namita Vijay
Published: December 2021

This article studies metabolic systems of food, body, and waste within the urban development politics of the city of Gurgaon (now Gurugram) in India’s National Capital Region. I link rapid urban transformation within the region, the labor required to produce it, and the speculative real estate economy that governs it to the phenomenology of body politics in the region. In particular, I examine corruption as both a political-economic and a physical, caste-based narrative to argue that corruption connects embodiment and urban development ecologies to each other. This allows corruption discourses in Gurgaon to form a critique of real estate economies; changing urban environments are felt and critiqued through body politics and experienced at once as a peril and a pleasure. This work is based on fifteen months of ethnographic research in the construction industry in NCR involving members across the production chain of real estate, including landowners, investment bankers, developers, engineers, architects, foremen, and laborers.
Identifikasi Keterdapatan Airtanah Dengan Electromagnetic Very Low Frequency (EM-VLF) di Non Cekungan Airtanah Kecamatan Ungaran Timur
Authors: Febriarta Erik , Purnama Setyawan
Published: December 2021

Airtanah merupakan seluruh air yang berada di bawah permukaan tanah yang berada pada zona jenuh air. Keterdapatan airtanah dapat ketahui keberadaannya dengan metode geofisika. Metode geofiska berdasarkan elektromagnetik memiliki keunggulan untuk merambatkan gelombang pantul relatif lebih dalam dibanding metode geofiska yang lain. Hal tersebut dikarenakan oleh sifat geolmbang dengan rentang 0,2-30 kHz atau sepanjang hingga 20 km, jika dipancarkan (induksi) ke dalam tanah, sehingga mendapatkan sensitivitas terhadap setiap material lapisan batuan lebih dalam dengan satuan pengukuran nilai konduktivitas. Berdasarkan keunggulan tersebut induksi yang dalam, maka tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keterdapatan airtanah di daerah non Cekungan Airtanah (Non CAT) dengan keberadaan airtanah yang relatif dalam, dengan metode Electromagnetic Very Low Frequency (EM-VLF). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 6 dari 35 titik pengukuran tidak ditemukan airtanah. Kedalaman airtanah rata-rata berada pada kedalaman 10 m dengan potensi debit rata-rata 1 m3/jam (0,27 liter/detik) pada Non CAT bagian utara, dengan penyusun litologi akuifer batupasir perselingan lempung. Kedalaman rata-rata pada Non CAT bagian selatan adalah 25 m dengan potensi debit rata-rata 3 m3/jam (0,83 liter/detik). Litologi akuifer bagian selatan tersusun atas batuanbeku perselingan pasiran. Secara keseluruhan nilai tersebut masuk kedalam kelas debit kecil (< 0,55 l/detik) dengan akuifer bersifat lokal.
Analisis Tingkat Bahaya Erosi Area Hulu dan Hilir Menggunakan Metode USLE Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Garang, Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Purba Eva Cintia , Suryani Lia , Musthofa Andrian Nur Habib , Syafe'i Hayat
Published: December 2021

Perubahan zaman berdampak pada perubahan penggunaan lahan sehingga mengakibatkan laju erosi yang semakin besar pada permukaan tanah maupun dasar perairan. Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Garang perlu dilakukan perhitungan Tingkat Bahaya Erosi (TBE) meninjau kepada posisinya yang berada di pusat ibukota Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Data penelitian diperoleh dengan melakukan observasi lapangan secara langsung, pengolahan data DEM, peta tata guna lahan daerah Semarang serta data sekunder penelitian terdahulu. Data tersebut diinput untuk perhitungan TBE pada Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Garang menggunakan pendekatan Universal Soil Lost Equation (USLE). Hasil perhitungan menunjukan tingkat bahaya erosi DAS Garang pada area hulu sebesar 113,19 ton/ha/tahun, sedangkan tingkat bahaya erosi pada area hilir sebesar 49,34 ton/ha/tahun. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan menunjukkan pada area hulu memiliki tingkat bahaya erosi yang sedang namun pada area hilir memiliki tingkat bahaya erosi yang ringan. Adanya perbedaan tingkat kelerengan, pengolahan vegetasi dan konservasi lahan (tata guna lahan), serta jenis tanah pada masing-masing area hulu dan hilir DAS Garang mengakibatkan perbedaan tingkat erosi  tersebut.
Kualitas Batuan di Tambang Tanah Liat Sebagai Bahan Campuran Semen PT Semen Gresik Kabupaten Rembang
Authors: Tiffany Charlotte , Winarno Tri , Marin Jenian
Published: December 2021

Tambang batugamping diperlukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan komponen kalsium karbonat (CaCO3) dan tambang tanah liat diperlukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan komponen alumina (Al2O3) dan silika (SiO2). Daerah penelitian di tambang tanah liat PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk di Kabupaten Rembang, tersusun oleh beberapa jenis litologi yang berbeda, sehingga memerlukan penelitian ini mengetahui pengaruh variasi litologi terhadap kualitas kimia batuan sebagai bahan campuran semen berdasarkan standar perusahaan. Metode yang dilakukan mencakup observasi lapangan, pengambilan sampel batuan, uji laboratorium berupa X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), dan pengamatan petrografi. Tujuan dilakukanya penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui jenis dan persebaran litologi, mengetahui persebaran kadar kimia (Al2O3, SiO2, dan SO3), mengetahui kaitan jenis litologi dengan kadar kimia, dan menentukan area dengan litologi yang memenuhi standar bahan campuran semen di daerah penelitian. Lokasi penelitian tersusun oleh 4 jenis satuan litologi yang termasuk dalam Formasi Ngrayong, yaitu Satuan Batupasir Kuning, Satuan Batulanau, Satuan Batulempung, dan Satuan Batupasir Cokelat. Satuan batuan yang memenuhi standar kualitas kimia bahan campuran semen adalah Satuan Batulempung dan Satuan Batupasir Cokelat, dan satuan yang tidak memenuhi standar adalah Satuan Batulanau dan Satuan Batupasir Kuning.
Karakteristik Mineral Grafit Daerah Samaturu, Kabupaten Kolaka, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Akbar Khalifa , Hasria Hasria , Asfar Suryawan
Published: December 2021

Mineral grafit merupakan salah satu bentukan dari unsur karbon. Mineral grafit memiliki banyak kegunaan dalam bidang teknologi, salah satunya pada baterai lithium ion yang sedang dikembangkan di Indonesia. Penggunaan mineral grafit semakin meningkat pada industri teknologi di dunia termasuk di Indonesia, namun mineral grafit di Indonesia masih harus diimpor dari luar negeri. Selain itu, mineral grafit memiliki kisaran harga jual 1.550-2.800 USD/ton untuk tipe vein, 700-10.000 USD/ton untuk tipe flake, dan 430-550 USD/ton untuk tipe amorf. Berdasarkan hal inilah eksplorasi mineral grafit di Indonesia perlu dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui batuan yang mengandung mineral grafit beserta karakteristik dan sebaran mineral grafit di daerah penelitian Penelitian ini dilakukan di daerah Samaturu, karena mineral grafit dapat ditemukan pada Kompleks Malihan Paleozoikum. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu pengamatan megaskopis, petrografi dan analisis SEM-EDS. Batuan yang dijumpai mengandung mineral grafit yaitu satuan litologi sekis muskovit yang memiliki persen karbon yang beragam. Mineral grafit yang dijumpai di daerah penelitian memiliki karaktersitik yaitu merupakan grafit natural yang kristalin, bentuk pipih dan saling mengikat, terbentuk oleh metamorfisme regional, tidak teratur pada hinge lipatan sehingga diketahui bahwa mineral grafit di daerah penelitian termasuk dalam tipe endapan flake graphite (grafit serpih).
Reliabilitas Prediksi Curah Hujan Dasarian Pada Kejadian Curah Hujan Ekstrim Pemicu Banjir 26 Oktober 2020 di Kebumen: Model Statistik (HyBMG) versus Model Dinamik (ECMWF)
Authors: Ruslana Zauyik Nana , Tresnawati Restu , Rosyidah Rosyidah , Harmoko Iis Widya , Siswanto Siswanto
Published: December 2021

Kejadian banjir di Kabupaten Kebumen tanggal 26 Oktober 2020 dipicu oleh hujan dengan intensitas sangat lebat hingga ekstrim yang berlangsung sejak Minggu (25 Oktober 2020) sore hingga Senin (26 Oktober 2020). Beberapa pos pengamatan hujan (kerjasama) menunjukkan curah hujan >150mm/hari (kategori ekstrim) dalam rentang waktu hujan tanggal 24-26 Oktober 2020. Analisis curah hujan kumulatif dasarian ke-III bulan Oktober 2020 di wilayah Kabupaten Kebumen menunjukkan curah hujan >300mm/dasarian (kriteria sangat tinggi). Sebelumnya, pada dasarian ini BMKG Stasiun Klimatologi Semarang memprakirakan sebagian besar wilayah Kabupaten Kebumen diprakirakan dalam kriteria menengah dengan curah hujan berkisar antara 101-150mm/dasarian. Berdasarkan laporan yang masuk ke BPBD Kebumen sedikitnya 25 desa di 7 kecamatan terendam banjir karena beberapa sungai yang ada di Kebumen meluap. Paper ini bertujuan menguji keandalan prakiraan curah hujan dasarian operasional dengan membandingkan luaran prakiraan dengan data observasi pada kondisi ekstrem tersebut. Uji sensitivitas model univariat HyBMG dan ECMWF dilakukan dengan metode visual kesesuaian spasial, korelasi sederhana dan RMSE. Hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai luaran prakiraan ECMWF memiliki nilai RMSE terkecil namun dengan nilai korelasi yang negatif. Korelasi kuat diperoleh dari metode ANFIS dengan nilai RMSE sebesar 556,5. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa luaran model ANFIS memiliki tingkat sensitivitas luaran prakiraan yang lebih handal untuk kejadian hujan ekstrim pada hari Minggu (25 Oktober 2020) di Kabupaten Kebumen. Metode HyBMG memerlukan penambahan input data series lebih banyak lagi sehingga informasi yang terkumpul lebih banyak dan data grid luaran ECMWF menjadi lebih rapat, diharapkan dapat menghasilkan nilai prediksi yang lebih baik lagi.
Analisis Atribut Seismik Instantaneous Frequency Untuk Sebaran Reservoir Batupasir Formasi Tensleep Lapangan Teapot Dome
Authors: Ryka Hamriani , Nainggolan Lourensius Hotmartua , Waskita Kukuh Jalu , Adha Ikhwannur
Published: December 2021

Lapangan Teapot Dome berada di Wyoming Tengah, Amerika Serikat. Lapangan ini tercatat sebagai 100 lapangan penghasil minyak terbesar di Amerika Serikat dengan cadangan yang terbukti sebesar 42.515.000 barrel. Lapangan ini berada dekat dengan tepi barat daya Cekungan Powder River. Bagian terdalam dari Cekungan Powder River terdiri dari hampir 5.500 meter batuan sedimen, dan sekitar 2.440 meter dari sedimen tersebut merupakan sedimen non marin yang berumur Kapur Akhir dan batuan sedimen klastik Tersier yang berhubungan dengan Orogenesis Laramide. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada bagian Pennsylvanian, khususnya pada bagian Top Sand B. Lapisan ini merupakan lapisan batupasir yang cukup tebal dengan Eolian Dunes. Pemetaan yang dilakukan ini untuk mengetahui sebaran reservoir batupasir pada Top Sand B dengan analisis atribut seismik menggunakan atribut instantaneous frequency dengan menggunakan data seismik 3D Post Stack Time Migration dengan menggunakan 3 sumur sebagai pengontrol untuk formasi dan kedalaman. Berdasarkan hasil analisis atribut seismik menunjukkan bahwa atribut instantaneous frequency dapat menggambarkan sebaran reservoir batupasir pada bagian Top Sand B dengan perubahan yang dapat dilihat berdasarkan perubahan warna dalam bentuk peta. Dengan dominasi persebaran batupasir berada di wilayah bagian selatan Lapangan Teapot Dome. Hal ini juga dipengaruhi oleh struktur patahan pada Formasi Tensleep.
Pengaruh Muka Air Waduk Saat Pengisian Awal Terhadap Deformasi dan Rekahan pada Tubuh Bendungan (Studi Kasus: Bendungan Titab)
Authors: Nala I Made Adnyana , Sangkawati Sri , Putranto Thomas Triadi
Published: December 2021

Pembangunan bendungan berfungsi untuk mengurangi intensitas banjir, serta dapat dimanfaatkan juga untuk kebutuhan air baku, pengairan, pariwisata, pembangkit tenaga listrik, serta yang lain. Selain memiliki manfaat yang sangat besar, bendungan juga memiliki potensi bahaya di dalamnya, apalagi jika tidak didukung dengan pengelolaan dan pemantauan yang baik. Pada saat pengisian awal waduk, terdapat temuan rekahan memanjang pada puncak Bendungan Titab pada tanggal 3 Februari 2016 dengan lebar ±10-15 cm panjang ±50 m kedalaman ± 50 cm. Rekahan tersebut diperkirakan akibat perbedaan deformasi yang terjadi pada daerah hulu, tengah dan hilir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh muka air waduk terhadap deformasi pada tubuh bendungan yang berdampak terjadinya rekahan pada puncak bendungan. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan mengiterpretasikan data pembacaan patok geser dan inclinometer disandingkan dengan elevasi muka air waduk. Hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai deformasi vertikal pada puncak bendungan bagian hilir lebih besar dari nilai deformasi vertikal puncak bendungan bagian hulu pada patok 1, 2, dan 3, sedangkan nilai deformasi bagian hulu lebih besar dari nilai deformasi bagian hilir pada patok 4 dan 5. Deformasi horizontal daerah hulu mengarah ke hulu sedangkan deformasi horizontal daerah hilir bergerak ke hilir. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa deformasi pada puncak Bendungan Titab terjadi akibat beban air waduk saat pengisian awal waduk dan rekahan memanjang pada puncak bendungan disebabkan karena perbedaan nilai deformasi vertikal antara hulu dan hilir dan arah deformasi horizontal pada puncak bendungan.
Isolation, characterization and quantification of a pentacyclic triterpinoid compound ursolic acid in Scabiosa palaestina L. distributed in the north of Iraq
Authors: Khamees Amjed Haseeb , Kadhim Enas J
Published: December 2021

Ursolic acid (UA, 3 ?-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are isomeric triterpenic acids. The high quantities of pentacyclic triterpenoids in Scabiosa species seems to be obvious and there is an evidence that most of pentacyclic triterpenoids that have been isolated are saponins. This is one of the most important characteristic of the genus Scabiosa, the main aglycones are ursolic acid and oleanolic acid. In the current study, isolation from the aerial part and roots of Scabiosa palaestina L. was performed using Preparative HPLC. Furthermore, detection and quantitation of ursolic acid was performed by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). The identification of isolated triterpenoid involves two methods including FT-IR coupled with LC-MS/MS that have been used for the simultaneous determination of the isolated UA. Quantitative analysis of Ursolic acid content in chloroform fractions revealed that both of the aerial parts and roots contain comparable concentration of 0.052 and 0.054 mg/ml respectively. The FT-IR and LC-MS/MS spectra of the isolated compound shows good agreement with those reported in literatures of Ursolic acid. Quantitative concentration of UA in chloroform fraction revealed that aerial parts and roots contain comparable concentrations and the spectral data for the isolated unknown were in good agreement with those reported in literature of UA.
Exploring the social aspects of student collaboration in online learning
Authors: Kamal Shahed , Bearman Margaret , Tai Joanna , Fox Brandi
Published: December 2021

Social interaction is seen as a key tenet of constructivist approaches to learning. There is a significant body of literature looking into online collaboration for learning, however less is known about how students experience collaboration more broadly. Understanding student experience may help to understand ways of ensuring online collaboration is successful. This student-led study aimed to explore what can be learnt from student perspectives of online collaboration. This study is embedded in a larger research program surrounding a 2019 course renewal project. Ten undergraduate law students were interviewed as part of the overall study but with additional semi-structured questions regarding collaboration. Participants were enrolled in a mix of online and blended units. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed. Four themes were interpreted: 1) pre-existing social relationships facilitate online collaboration; 2) social media platforms enable interpersonal interaction and, as a result, online collaboration; 3) university-provided platforms lacked social elements of collaboration; and 4) face-to-face collaboration appears frictionless compared to online only collaboration. This study indicates the value of exploring collaboration as a broad social phenomenon rather than one purely focussed on educational designs that promote collaboration. Results suggest a considerable interaction between the interpersonal (friend focus) and study (learning focus). In the online space, collaboration was mediated by pre-existing embodied relationships and social media forums. There was a sense that social media activity would be difficult to mandate. This raises challenges, including how to manage equity issues around access to informal platforms; and how to incorporate into learning environments technologies that are experienced as ‘frictionless’ (i.e., easy and achievable without thought) and which appear to promote collaboration.
Video feedback in tertiary music performance classes
Authors: Johnson Carol , Blackburn Alana
Published: December 2021

Video feedback can be an important and key mechanism for supporting online student learning in higher education. In the context of online music teaching, video feedback provides a necessary audio and visual element to support music students’ learning of music performance practice. A predecessor to a larger study in video feedback, this pilot study sought to explore instructor perceptions of the use of video feedback in music performance teaching classes. Using self-study methodology, findings suggest that video feedback can effectively complement individualised online music teaching within an undergraduate performance class and a Master of Music Performance Teaching group music class, provide supportive scaffolding for self-regulated learning, and offer students opportunities to create meaningful student-instructor connections and community. Strategies for effective implementation by way of self-regulation and communication are also addressed.
Use of gamification to enhance curiosity and engagement through feedback strategies
Authors: Makhija Anupam , Jha Meena , Richards Deborah , Bilgin Ayse
Published: December 2021

Curiosity is a significant educational component behind human learning and is vital for a learner to sustain motivation and engagement in both face-to-face and online learning environments. Positive feedback has the potential to support learning by enhancing competence, confidence, and curiosity. Informative feedback at the right time is the sought-after goal in traditional classrooms and is equally important for the learning design within a digital educational environment. Individual differences such as personality, gender, learning style, and curiosity trait can play a crucial role in how feedback is received and acquired knowledge is demonstrated in a different context by a learner. This paper proposes to exploit the benefits of positive feedback in a statistics game by establishing a connection between feedback and curiosity through the lens of the selfdetermination theory of motivation. It presents a work-in-progress psychological theory-based conceptual framework to foster curiosity by means of game-based learning and gamification approaches.
Capability development by educational technology
Authors: Gladovic Cedomir
Published: December 2021

The capability to identify and make a judgement about the quality of own and work of others is known as evaluative judgement. Such capability is crucial for learners and their learning trajectories, allowing them to become job-ready graduates and life-long learners. The overall concept is newly named but existed in different forms and shapes in the literature. There is sporadic literature investigation of evaluative judgement development by educational technology. Self-assessment, peer-assessment and portfolios in the online learning environment bring various educational values and benefits. Each of these pedagogical activities can contribute to the development of evaluative judgement in an online environment enhanced by educational technology. The primary purpose of this paper is to expand the discussion about the development of evaluative judgement using educational technology. This paper provides some rationale for the inclusion of selected pedagogical activities in the curriculum and actively using them in student-centred education.
Building a culture of innovation in learning and teaching technologies through an innovators group
Authors: Loch Birgit , Thompson Belinda , Bridge Christopher , Horey Dell , Julien Brianna , Agolli Julia
Published: December 2021

Innovation was seen as crucial for universities even before the COVID-19 global pandemic, to widen participation within massification strategies, to deliver graduates that meet the needs of economies and to justify increased fees in response to reduced government funding. Innovation will become increasingly important as universities contribute to the post-pandemic recovery of their communities and nations and need to find new avenues for research funding with less reliance on governments. In this paper, we describe our first steps towards developing a culture of innovation in learning and teaching across science, health, and engineering disciplines by bringing together and empowering a group of mostly junior academics. We describe achievements of this group, indicate key success factors, and discuss next steps.
Exploring students’ experience with and perceptions towards eLearning in an online public health module
Authors: Goh Charlene , Lin Shuen , Tan Kit Yung , Müller Andre Matthias
Published: December 2021

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, universities in Singapore had to shift from traditional face-toface learning to eLearning. We explored students’ experiences with and perceptions towards eLearning in the context of a public health module about physical activity. The module had a mixture of asynchronous lectures and live Zoom tutorials. We conducted nine in-depth interviews with students from the module. Students felt that the onus was primarily on the instructors to lead lessons and engage students. As such, they often took a backseat during online classes and rarely participated in class discussions. The eLearning environment enhanced their ability to be passive as they could be largely anonymous. The eLearning environment also made it easy to lose focus and mentally disconnect during lessons. Finally, students spoke about the lack of connection to classmates which impacted their learning efforts. To alleviate this and promote social engagement and connection, check-in polls, movement breaks, and breakout room discussions can be implemented.
Employability focused technology enhanced hybrid and online accounting capstone experience
Authors: Contessotto Christine , Lim Edwin KiaYang , Suri Harsh
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we share insights from our experience of harnessing technologies to innovatively design a capstone experience for large cohorts of accounting students in hybrid and online environments, informed by insights from key stakeholder consultations and relevant research. To support scaffolded development of professional skills and identity in a short span of eleven weeks, we designed a coherent suite of experiential learning and assessment activities based on contemporary events, an Enterprise Resource Planning business simulation, employability skills training and authentic case studies. Consistently high student evaluations of this unit suggest that our students find this experience valuable. Student responses to the Graduate Attribute Scale in the Graduate Outcomes Survey have shown improvement following the introduction of the capstone unit.
Providing equitable education through personalised adaptive learning
Authors: Palanisamy Punithavathy , Thilarajah Shamini , Chen Zihui
Published: December 2021

Educators around the globe are striving to promote equity in their classrooms by adopting adaptive learning systems to provide customised learning resources and tools to help the learners achieve mastery at their own pace. This personalised approach goes a long way in closing the divide between students' socioeconomic status and special needs. Over the years, the advancement in technology offers more sophisticated adaptive technologies. It aggregates data such as students' prior knowledge and academic performances to predict and better adapt the learning paths. This paper presents the evaluation of adaptive technologies for personalised learning and the vision of a Personalised Adaptive Learning and Assessment (PALAS) system for Higher Education. This vision could be an imperative piece supporting Singapore's ‘National AI Strategy’, set to focus on personalised education through adaptive learning and assessment.
A posteriorierror estimates based on superconvergence of FEM for fractional evolution equations
Authors: Tang Yuelong , Hua Yuchun
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we consider an approximation scheme for fractional evolution equation with variable coefficient. The space derivative is approximated by triangular finite element and the time fractional derivative is evaluated by theL1 approximation. The main aim of this work is to provide convergence and superconvergence analysis and derivea posteriorierror estimates. Some numerical examples are presented to demonstrate our theoretical results.
Challenges of the Filter Paper Suction Measurements in Geosynthetic Clay Liners: Effects of Method, Time, Capillarity, and Hysteresis
Authors: Acikel A. S. , Bouazza A. , Singh R. M. , Gates W. P. , Rowe R. K.
Published: December 2021

Time and method dependencies, lack of sufficient capillary connections, and wetting-drying hysteresis may cause inaccurate results from filter paper tests (FPTs) when used for suction measurements of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs). These limitations of the filter paper method for suction measurements of GCLs were investigated using initially dry contact, initially wet contact, and noncontact FPTs. Wetting-drying hysteresis was observed in the initially dry contact and noncontact FPTs and was significantly higher in the latter. The initially wet contact and initially dry contact FPTs were reliable in measuring matric and total suction, respectively. These two methods can provide suction measurements from both the cover and the carrier geotextile sides of the GCLs (i.e., from the hydratable surfaces of the GCL after installation on site), thus allowing suction measurements without impacting the integrity of the geotextile-bentonite-geotextile structure. Suction measurements on a granular bentonite-based GCL showed higher time dependency compared with powdered bentonite-based GCLs. For the specific GCLs and conditions tested, the woven and nonwoven scrim-reinforced geotextile structure causes pronounced capillary break effects on the hydratable surface of GCL. In contrast, the woven geotextile structure has a minimal impact. When the FPT procedures are applied to GCLs, the interpretation of the results requires careful consideration of the method and time dependencies, wetting-drying hysteresis, capillary breaks, and how the measurements of total or matric suction are performed.
Quality of life in people with Type 2 diabetes; a study in a multi-ethnic clinical trial population
Authors: Kulkarni Shaifali , Welsh Paul , Ali Myzoon , Petrie John
Published: December 2021

Background: The long-term burden of self-management in type 2 diabetes can impact quality of life.
Aims: To examine associations between demographic and clinical factors, anxiety/depression and perception of health in people with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: Retrospective analyses of anonymised data from completed clinical trials provided by the diabetes subsection of Virtual International Cardiovascular and Cognitive Trials Archive (VICCTA). Data on demographics, polypharmacy, HbA1c, anxiety/depression (EQ-5D-3L) and perception of health (EQ-5D-3L VAS) were extracted. Regression analyses explored associations amongst polypharmacy, HbA1c and quality of life (anxiety/depression and health perception) at baseline.
Results: In 2783 participants with type 2 diabetes (median age 66 years (IQR 61–70), n=1,595 (57%) male), female sex and Caucasian/European ethnicity were each associated with increased anxiety/depression and lower EQ-5D-3L VAS scores. Following adjustment for covariates, each additional prescribed medication was associated with increased anxiety/depression: OR 1.09 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.14; p<0.001) and lower VAS scores: B= −1.06 (95% CI −1.37 to −0.75, p<0.001)).
Conclusion: Demographic factors and polypharmacy are associated with anxiety/depression and lower health perception.
Chondroitin Sulfate and Hyaluronic Acid Perfusion for Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xiao Xiang , Deng Huan , Chilufya Mumba Mulutula , Lv Yizhen , Zhao Yan , Liu Jiaxin , Guo Ziwei , Qiao Lichun , Han Jing , Wang Dong , Qu Chengjuan
Published: December 2021

Currently, no suitable delivery methods are available for the drugs to interstitial cystitis/ bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). Herein we systematically evaluated the therapeutic effects of intravesical infusion of hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) in patients with IC/BPS. This study includes randomized controlled trials (RCT) and self-controlled studies of IC/BPS patients treated with HA, CS, or both. English databases like PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Medline were searched until up to January 31, 2021. Information was extracted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and then meta-analysis was performed. Sixteen studies including 491 patients were included and analyzed. The responsive rate of treatment was 91.24%. In 3 RCTs, the analogue scale (VAS) for pain on fix-effect model was [mean difference, MD -0.57 (95%CI, -1.55, -0.41)]. A significant improvement on random-effect model was [MD -2.78 (95%CI, -3.48, -2.07)] in 13 self-controlled studies. Outcomes on O’Leary-Sant Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index, Problem Index, frequency, urgency, and bladder capacity were also significantly improved. Subgroup analysis showed significant difference between HA, CS, and the combination, and the perfusion of HA was more effective (Z = 29.97, P < 0.01). Also, different follow-up times after last treatment showed significant difference (Z = 7.69, P < 0.01). It can be beneficial for IC/BPS patients who have not responded to conventional treatments.
Short-chain fatty acids: nutritional strategies to modulate intestinal microbiota
Authors: Arrais de Souza Marcos Porto , Andrade Freitas Morgana , de Oliveira Carla Braga Campelo , Almeida Brito Lorena , Nunes Filho Julio Cesar Chaves , Oliveira Nunes Marilia Porto , Cunha Rego Juliana Magalhaes da , Machado Richele Janaina de Araujo
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The intestinal microbiota has been the subject of research due to its association in physiological and pathological conditions. The production of short chain fatty acids obtained by fermentation of the intestinal microbiota has shown important effects on the gastrointestinal tract, adipose tissue, immune system and nervous system. Objective: This literature review aims to present different nutritional strategies with the potential to modulate the intestinal microbiota by increasing the production of short chain fatty acids. Methods: The research was considered a review work, through a bibliographic survey carried out from the collection of articles in English, published in the PubMed database, in the period from 2013 to 2020. The articles were selected from the descriptors: gut microbiota, soluble fiber, resistent starch, pectin, dietary fiber, short chain fatty acids (SCFA) with the combinations of the Boolean operators “and” and “or”. Studies considered as gray literature were excluded, as well as studies in which the titles were not related to the theme of the proposed research. Results: There are many benefits to consuming foods that may favor the increase of short chain fatty acids. This increase in the gastrointestinal tract is of fundamental importance for the maintenance of intestinal microbiota and prevention of diseases. Some nutritional strategies can be used in clinical therapy, such as increased consumption of fruits, vegetables and whole grains that are plant foods and important sources of fiber. The type of food must be observed, since each one can contain fibers of diverse types. Soluble fiber is the basis for the metabolization of short chain fatty acids and is found in various foods that can be inserted into the food plan, such as: bananas, apples, oats, barley, cooked and cooled potatoes, partially ground seeds, corn, morning cereal, agave, artichoke, asparagus, chicory root, garlic, onion, leeks and wheat. Conclusion: Scientific evidence of the relationship between nutrition, intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acid production demonstrates the importance of implementing simple nutritional strategies by health professionals, which can contribute to the modulation of the intestinal microbiota and the development of new perspectives in the development of therapies for prevention and treatment of diseases.
Hordeum vulgare marketed as food contains potential fungi that synthesize mycotoxin.
Authors: Villaseñor JA Castro , Rico JL , Salcedo LI , Cortes DC Maya , Yáñez JM Sánchez
Published: December 2021

The grains of H. Vulgare commonly used for the elaboration of meals for humans and animals, could be contaminated with propagules of native fungi resulted from the intensive agricultural system of production. In addition, the unsuitable storage conditions could strongly influence the growing of undesirable fungi which could potential synthetiz emyco toxins. The aim of the present research work was the isolation of Aspergillus potential to synthetize ochratoxin A from the commercially available in H. vulgare. To this purpose, the grains were collected from various local stores, from grain of H. vulgare. Aspergillus were isolated in potato dextrose and in a Sabourauddextroseagar to determine the density and diversity. The potential for the synthesis of ochratoxin A by Aspergillus strains was then evaluated. The results were statistically evaluated using the software Anova/Turkey. Results indicate the presence of a relatively high number of propagules of Aspergillus spp which are contaminating the H. vulgare. Furthermore, 67% of the fungi present in H. vulgare have the potential to synthetize ochratoxin A. These results demonstrate the risk of consumption of those grains by humans.
Visceral pseudoaneurysms and the role of endovascular treatment – a case report
Authors: Figueiredo Adriana , Camacho Nelson , Ferreira Maria Emília
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Visceral pseudoaneurysms are pathological dilations of the visceral arteries and/or their branches. They are a rare entity but with devastating consequences given their high potential for rupture and hemorrhage. The evolution of endovascular techniques has changed the paradigm in the treatment of this entity, making it the preferred option for the elective treatment of visceral pseudoaneurysms. Clinical case: The authors described the case of a pancreatic pseudoaneurysm in a young male patient, with past medical history of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic pseudocyst, marked smoking and alcoholic habits, which presented with an abdominal pain and a drop in hemoglobin. After discussing the case with the Vascular Surgery department, it was decided towards an endovascular treatment given the patient's clinical stability and appropriate anatomical location for the proposed intervention. Coil embolization via humeral artery was performed with immediate angiographic success, and clinical, analytical and imaging improvement in the postoperative period. Conclusion: In addition to open surgical repair and laparoscopic surgery, there are also endovascular procedures for the treatment of visceral pseudoaneurysms, so the vascular surgeon must be aware with the available strategies, taking into account the patient, the characteristics and location of the visceral pseudoaneurysm.
Midwives’ knowledge of COVID 19 and pregnancy in four maternity units in Brazzaville in 2021
Authors: Mbongo Jean Alfred , Bintsene Mpika Gickelle , N’dinga Hermann , Itoua Norcia , Mahoungou Jean Daniel , Parfait Koko Serge , Iloki Leon Hervé
Published: December 2021

Purpose: To evaluate midwives' knowledge of Covid 19 and Pregnancy. Materials and methods: This was a knowledge analytical study. Midwives working in delivery units and outpatient clinics were included. The variables were focused on socio-demographic and professional aspects, general information on Covid-19, the clinical and biological manifestations, the prevention of corona virus transmission and the prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Results: Out of 82 respondents, 73 (89.1%) were secondary school graduates, working mainly in Talangai Hospital. The media was the source of information for 78 (95.1%); Covid 19 is a viral infection 78 (95.1%); the route of contamination was respiratory 79 (96.3%) and transplacental 16 (19.5%) of respondents. The clinical signs were: fever 76 (92.7%), cough 77 (93.9%) and dyspnea 77 (93.9%) of the respondents. Biological diagnosis was done by RDT (rapid diagnosis test) 73 (89, 1%), completed by PCR confirmation 43 (52.4%) of the respondents. Prevention methods: hand washing several times a day 72 (87,8%) and alternative by disinfectant gel 75 (91,5%); lifting the fold of the elbow when sneezing or coughing 76 (89%); used handkerchief thrown in the trash 70 (85,4%) of the respondents; out of 3 preventive measures in the labour room, 20 (23,4%) answered correctly, 48 (58,5%) gave only 1 to 2 correct answers and 14 (17%) did not identify any measure. The overall knowledge of midwives on Covid 19 was insufficient 25 (30.5%), average 52 (63.4%), good 5 (6.1%) of the respondents. For the factors that can influence the level of knowledge, there is no link between the level of knowledge and the socio-professional characteristics of the midwives (Chi2 test: P-value ˃ 5%). However, the fact of working at the CHUB could have a slight influence (sensitive P-value close to 95%). Conclusion: There is a need to diversify sources of information for an improvement of knowledge in order to place the midwife at the top of the medical news.
Educational spaces and environments: in times of Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: da Silva Jailma Cruz , de Jesus Orliel dos Santos
Published: December 2021

The appearance of COVID-19 brought to Brazil, and to the world, innumerable methods to contain the increase of infected people. These methods are necessary to avoid the spread of the virus and include social distancing and quarantine of the population. Knowing that these methods have a big impact on the educational system. This study has as its objective to verify the process of teaching and learning, in educational spaces and environments, in times of a pandemic. In order to look for a pattern in established actions in educational programs to incorporate in large scale the tools of educational technology at a distance (distance learning), for example platforms and virtual teaching environments designed to guarantee the pedagogical processes of learning and ameliorate the impact of absence from the classroom during the pandemic, and its post-pandemic consequences. We emphasize the importance of the teacher as mediator, understanding that this professional should respect the different levels of learning of the students and try to carry out activities that help with the improvement of practical education for the appropriate environment and spaces of interaction.