bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immediate Loading of Onepiece Root Form Implant: A Case Report with 3 Years’ Follow-up
Authors: Shivanand Shilpa , Singh Navnita , Bilichodmath Shivaprasad
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this case report was to evaluate the clinical performance of a onepiece implant in a partially edentulous anterior mandible.

Introduction

Osseointegration being an accepted and well-documented concept, attention is nowdirected toward simplification of the mechanical design of implants and toward achieving biomechanical success.

Case report

This case report demonstrates the immediate loading of one piece root form implant in esthetically concern patient. Patient came to the clinic with the chief complain of missing lower front teeth and wanted replacement of the same.

Conclusion

A single stage, one piece implant placement with immediate loading provides a good soft tissue healing and minimal postoperative discomfort to the patient.

Clinical significance

One piece root form implants is a reliable treatment protocol in esthetically concerned patients.

How to cite this article

Bilichodmath S, Shivanand S, Singh N. Immediate Loading of Onepiece Root Form Implant: A Case Report with 3 Years’ Follow-up. J Health Sci Res 2016;7(1):16-18.
Papilla Reconstruction: Reclaiming the Lost!
Authors: Sharanappa Mahantesha , Konuganti Kranti , Kumar Apoorva , LNU Rima
Published: July 2019

Increasing esthetic demands of the modern era has converted modern dentistry to pink and white esthetic dentistry. One of the most difficult goals in the regeneration of the soft tissues is the reconstruction of interdental papilla. A number of techniques have been tried, but the results still lack predictability. Nonsurgical techniques include repeated curettage of the interdental papilla, orthodontic and restorative correction, and hyaluronic acid application, while surgical techniques include pedicle and free gingival graft, connective tissue grafts, and subepithelial connective tissue graft. This article presents a report of two cases where a combination of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and pedicle graft was utilized to retain maximum vascularity and minimize scar tissue formation. The atraumatic management of the tissues with a pouch-like design avoids tension and pressure and is critical for the success of the procedure. Adequate fill of the interdental papilla was observed in both the cases and the results were stable up to 6 months.

How to cite this article

Sharanappa M, Konuganti K, Kumar A, Rima. Papilla Reconstruction: Reclaiming the Lost! J Health Sci Res 2016;7(1):19-22.
Preemptive Analgesic Efficacy of Diclofenac Sodium for Surgical Removal of Impacted Third Molars
Authors: Rangaswamy Shruthi , Sheshappa Kedarnath N , Srikanthan Rohit
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Preemptive analgesia is an evolving concept where therapeutic intervention be made prior to the onset of pain. This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of diclofenac sodium 100 mg as preemptive analgesic administered 1 hour before removal of impacted third molars using split mouth study model.

Materials and methods

A randomized placebo control study was done on 30 patients requiring bilateral impacted tooth removal. Patients were administered 100 mg of diclofenac sodium and placebo 1 hour prior to surgery at different appointments. Patients were assessed for intraoperative pain and postoperative pain with visual analog scale on 1st, 2nd, and 3rd postoperative days.

Results

Statistical difference was found in pain experience during 1st postoperative day (p = 0.0153). Patients after receiving diclofenac sodium 100 mg experienced less pain compared to placebo side. There was no difference found in pain experience between the study and control groups on subsequent postoperative days and overall pain experience.

Conclusion

Better management of pain improves quality of life after procedure. Thus, preemptive analgesia may be beneficial in reducing pain intensity. Larger sample blinded studies may prove efficiency of preemptive analgesia.

How to cite this article

Rangaswamy S, Sheshappa KN, Srikanthan R. Preemptive Analgesic Efficacy of Diclofenac Sodium for Surgical Removal of Impacted Third Molars. J Health Sci Res 2016;7(2):38-41.
A Comprehensive Review on Dental Calculus
Authors: Aghanashini Suchetha , Puvvalla Bhavana , Mundinamane Darshan B , Apoorva SM , Bhat Divya , Lalwani Manjari
Published: July 2019

Dental calculus is a hard deposit that is formed by calcification of dental plaque primarily composed of calcium phosphate mineral salts which is deposited on natural teeth and restorations and is covered by a layer of unmineralized plaque. These hard deposits may form coronal to or apical to the gingival margin, hence named accordingly as supragingival and subgingival calculus respectively. The distribution of calculus is very versatile and it differs from individual to individual, from tooth to tooth, and from surface to surface. So, a thorough knowledge on prevalence of calculus is important for the clinician in outlining the treatment plan. It is a well-known fact that calculus is itself not an inducing agent for pathological changes that occur in gingival tissues; instead it is covered by a layer of unmineralized plaque which is proven to be the key etiological agent involved in these pathogenic mechanisms. But, attributing to the porosity of calculus and its ability to retain bacterial antigens makes it an important contributing factor in initiating and accentuating periodontal disease progression. In this review, we made an attempt to discuss various aspects of calculus composition, its formation, and its etiological significance in periodontal disease progression.

How to cite this article

Aghanashini S, Puvvalla B, Mundinamane DB, Apoorva SM, Bhat D, Lalwani M. A Comprehensive Review on Dental Calculus. J Health Sci Res 2016;7(2):42-50.
Intramuscular Hemangioma: Enigmatic Dilemma in Diagnosis
Authors: Kamra Sakshi , Chhaparwal Yogesh
Published: July 2019

Intramuscular hemangiomas (IMHs) occur when the proliferation of blood vessels is found between the skeletal muscle fibers, and they account for less than 1% of all hemangiomas. We report two cases of IMHs in the rare locations like tongue and temporalis muscle. These hemangiomas should be considered in a differential diagnosis of the soft tissue masses. Radiology plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis of these lesions.

How to cite this article

Kamra S, Pai KM, Chhaparwal Y. Intramuscular Hemangioma: Enigmatic Dilemma in Diagnosis. J Health Sci Res 2016;7(2):67-70.
A Modified Method for Bone Regeneration using Gelatin Sponge with Bone Graft in treating an Osseous Defect after Root Resection
Authors: Sunil Sathyanarayana , Harsha MB
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Modern advances in all phases of dentistry have provided the opportunity for patients to maintain a functional dentition for longer periods of time. The disciplines of endodontics, periodontics, and prosthodontics fuse when the molars that have furcation involvements are treated by hemisection or root resection. Preserving the socket in these cases after removing the root or tooth segment and regenerating bone around the remaining portion of the root is an important part of the treatment that determines the prognosis of the tooth.

Case report

To enhance bone regeneration, a modified approach was used while bone grafting, where gelatin sponge was placed along with the synthetic hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate in the osseous defect of the lower right first molar tooth following distal root resection. In this case report, the tooth after root resection has shown profound improvement in periodontal health, and the socket was preserved satisfactorily.

Conclusion

The simple modification showed an uneventful healing and excellent periodontal health clinically and good bone fill contributing to socket preservation as seen radiographically. The tooth has continued to serve well as found in the sixth month follow-up.

Clinical significance

The future prospect of using bone graft along with an agent that holds the clot and stabilizes it (gelatin sponge) during healing could serve as a useful treatment procedure, as this combination might act together producing synergistic effects.

How to cite this article

Sunil S, Babu HM. A Modified Method for Bone Regeneration using Gelatin Sponge with Bone Graft in treating an Osseous Defect after Root Resection. J Health Sci Res 2017;8(2):80-83.
Otto Büchler e seus livros de matemática: vetores de Transferência Cultural
Authors: Da Silva Dynnikov Circe Mary Silva
Published: July 2019

Este artigo pretende discutir a circulação dos escritos de Otto Büchler para o ensino de matemática, bem como a transferência de saberes que a circulação desses escritos significou, no início do século XX, no Brasil. Mediante análise de conteúdo de fontes primárias e tendo como com referencial as transferências culturais (conforme Espagne), buscamos responder a seguinte questão investigativa: que proposta de ensino de matemática é possível identificar nos  registros escritos de Otto Büchler? Otto Büchler foi um agente cultural germânico que fez circular, por meio dos livros didáticos editados no Brasil e artigos publicados na revista pedagógica intitulada Jornal Geral do Professor para o Rio Grande do Sul, ideias sobre o ensino da matemática oriundas da Europa. Deixou entrever nesses textos princípios do método intuitivo e indícios de Escolanovismo sobre o ensino da matemática. Ali ele notadamente defende um ensino que instigue o pensamento e promova ações que favoreçam a descoberta de conceitos e a obtenção de  resultados pelo  aluno.
Um experimento de ensino sobre periodicidade: fatores relevantes para a aprendizagem
Authors: Lobo da Costa Nielce Meneguelo , Figueiredo Sonner Arfux de , Llinares Salvador
Published: July 2019

Neste artigo discutimos um experimento de ensino que versou sobre periodicidade de funções trigonométricas e foi aplicado a dezesseis estudantes do primeiro ano de um curso de licenciatura em matemática. Uma Trajetória Hipotética de Aprendizagem – THA, baseada em Simon e Tzur, foi desenhada contemplando o mecanismo cognitivo centrado na relação atividade-efeito, a partir da ideia de abstração reflexiva, de Piaget. Na pesquisa qualitativa, com elementos do Design Based Research, investigamos como a tarefa matemática promoveu a aprendizagem dos estudantes. Destacamos como os licenciandos utilizaram applets no software GeoGebra e como caracterizaram as funções em estudo e seus respectivos períodos utilizando as linguagens analítica e geométrica. Os resultados indicaram que houve coordenação de registros enquanto os licenciandos modificaram parâmetros das expressões algébricas das funções e os relacionavam com os períodos das mesmas. Identificamos fatores relevantes para a aprendizagem propiciadas pelo experimento de ensino, os quais explicaram a relação entre a aprendizagem conceitual e as tarefas matemáticas propostas na THA. Concluímos que o mecanismo ofereceu uma estrutura para os licenciandos pensarem e avançarem na aprendizagem conceitual.
Contribuições do aplicativo Multibase em tablets para a compreensão do “vai um” e “empresta um” em operações de adição e subtração
Authors: Freitas Rony C. O. , Franzosi Vito Rodrigues
Published: July 2019

A pesquisa relatada neste artigo foi desenvolvida em uma escola pública municipal da cidade de Vitória, estado do Espírito Santo, em uma turma do segundo ano do ensino fundamental. No texto analisamos a contribuição do aplicativo Multibase para o entendimento das expressões "vai um" e "empresta um", ambas comumente utilizadas no Brasil, ao realizar operações envolvendo algoritmos de adição e subtração. Multibase é um aplicativo desenvolvido para uso em tablets que tem como referência o material dourado, desenvolvido pela educadora italiana Maria Montessori. Tomamos para as análises teorias que envolvem a compreensão de bases numéricas e valores posicionais de algarismos em uma representação numérica e a contribuição da manipulação de dispositivos móveis, especificamente tablets, nesse processo. Observamos, na investigação, que não se trata apenas de fazer no Multibase o que já se faz com lápis e papel. A simples manipulação de peças, com os estudantes trocando informações entre si e realizando agrupamentos e desagrupamentos, entre outras coisas, facilitado pela mobilidade que o tablet promove, apontam para novas formas de pensar e fazer matemática.
Política industrial e setor automotivo: uma comparação entre as políticas lançadas pelo Brasil e China na década de 1990
Authors: Vianini Fernando Marcus Nascimento
Published: July 2019

Significativas transformações ocorreram no setor automotivo mundial a partir da década de 1970, afetando sobremaneira a realização das políticas. Neste trabalho, voltamo-nos para o desenvolvimento e a comparação das políticas destinadas ao setor automotivo no Brasil e na China. Para o caso brasileiro, ressaltamos as políticas engendradas entre os governos de Fernando Collor e Fernando Henrique Cardoso, entre 1990 e 2002, que incidiram sobre um setor internacionalizado, num contexto de forte fluxo de investimentos estrangeiros, e que tiveram resultados limitados na promoção das empresas fornecedoras de capital nacional. Já no caso chinês, destacamos a opção pelas joint ventures em 1979 e as políticas de 1988 e 1994 e suas consequências até 2001. Por fim, evidenciamos os dilemas deixados para os governos e as políticas posteriores e para o desenvolvimento das empresas. Ao comparar ambos os casos, observamos que no Brasil houve o descumprimento das metas das políticas e a desnacionalização do setor fornecedor, enquanto a China, aprendendo com seus erros e mesmo num contexto de forte fluxo de capital externo, fortaleceu o desenvolvimento do setor fornecedor de capital nacional, refletindo, sobretudo, na ampliação da produção e do desenvolvimento tecnológico.
Leisure time and labor productivity: a new economic view rooted from sociological perspective
Authors: Cui Dan , Wei Xiang , Wu Dianting , Cui Nana , Nijkamp Peter
Published: July 2019

Most economists measure labor productivity based on activities conducted at places of work and do not consider leisure time in their calculations. In contrast, psychologists and sociologists argue that leisure has a positive role in the production process: leisure can improve individuals’ labor productivity by affecting their self-development. Using empirical data from 21 OECD countries, this study finds that leisure time has a dual effect on labor productivity in terms of per capita per hour GDP. Moreover, leisure time is nonlinearly associated with labor productivity (inverted U-shaped). When leisure time reaches the optimal level (5,813 hours), leisure has a compensatory effect on work and can positively influence labor productivity, but when leisure time exceeds the optimal value, leisure has a substitution effect on work and can negatively influence labor productivity.
Amino acid racemization in Quaternary foraminifera from the Yermak Plateau
Authors: West Gabriel , Kaufman Darrell S. , Muschitiello Francesco , Forwick Matthias , Matthiessen Jens , Wollenburg Jutta , O'Regan Matt
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Amino acid racemization (AAR) geochronology is a powerful tool for dating Quaternary marine sediments across the globe, yet its application to Arctic Ocean sediments has been limited. Anomalous rates of AAR in foraminifera from the central Arctic were reported in previously published studies, indicating that either the rate of racemization is higher in this area, or inaccurate age models were used to constrain the sediment ages. This study investigates racemization rates in foraminifera from three well-dated sediment cores taken from the Yermak Plateau during the 2015 TRANSSIZ Expedition on RV Polarstern. D and L isomers of the amino acids, aspartic acid (Asp) and glutamic acid (Glu), were separated in samples of the planktic foraminifera, Neogloboquadrina pachyderm and the benthic species, Cassidulina neoteretis to quantify the extent of racemization. In total, 241 subsamples were analysed, extending back to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 7. Two previously published power functions, which relate the extent of racemization of Asp and Glu in foraminifera to sample age are revisited, and a comparison is made between the ages predicted by these calibrated age equations and independent geochronological constraints available for the cores. Our analyses reveal an excellent match between ages predicted by a global compilation of racemization rates for N. pachyderma, and confirm that a proposed Arctic-specific calibration curve is not applicable at the Yermak Plateau. These results generally support the rates of AAR determined for other cold bottom water sites, and further highlight the anomalous nature of the purportedly high rate of racemization indicated by previous analyses of central Arctic sediments.
Influence of multidecadal hydroclimate variations on hydrological extremes: the case of the Seine basin
Authors: Bonnet Rémy , Boé Julien , Habets Florence
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The multidecadal hydroclimate variations of the Seine basin since the 1850s are investigated. Given the scarcity of long term observations of hydrological variables, a hydrometeorological reconstruction is developed based on an method that combines the results of a downscaled long-term atmospheric reanalysis and local observations of precipitation and temperature. This method improves the representation of daily flows as well as at longer time steps. This reconstruction provide therefore an interesting tool to study the multidecadal hydroclimate variability of the Seine basin, as well as its possible influence on extreme hydrological events. Based on this reconstruction, it is shown that the Seine river flows, groundwater and soil moisture, have been influenced by multidecadal variations from the 1850s. Spring precipitations play a central role by directly influencing the multidecadal variability of spring flows, but also soil moisture and groundwater recharge, which then modulate summer river flows. Groundwater controls a large part of the multidecadal variations in river flows, particularly in summer and fall. These hydroclimate variations seem to influence extreme hydrological events. The positive multidecadal phases indeed appear to be more conducive to flooding, with twice as many flood days as in the negative phases while the negative multidecadal phases seems to influenced the droughts intensity. These hydroclimate variations over the Seine basin are driven by anomalies in large scale atmospheric circulations, which themselves appear to be influenced by sea surface temperature anomalies over of the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean.
A Parallel Method for Accelerating Visualization for Vector Tiles
Authors: Hu Wei , Li Lin , Wu Chao , Zhang Hang , Zhu Haihong
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Vector tile technology is developing rapidly and has received increasing attention in recent years. Compared to the raster tile, the vector tile has shown incomparable advantages, such as flexible map styles, suitability for high-resolution screens and ease of interaction. Recent studies on vector tiles have mostly focused on improving the efficiency on the server side and have overlooked the efficiency on the client side, which would actually affect user experience. Parallel computing provides solutions to this issue. Parallel visualization for vector tiles is a typical example of embarrassing parallelism, because there is no need for communications between computing units during parallel computing. Therefore, the performance of parallel visualization for vector tiles mainly depends on how the workload is accurately estimated and evenly decomposed onto the computing units.The estimation of workload of vector tile visualization is essentially an accurate estimation of the computing time of geographical feature visualization in the tile. This article uses the computational weight to represent the computing time of geographical feature visualization. The visualization process for geographical feature consists of three main steps: retrieving geographical feature, symbolizing geographical feature and rendering geographical feature. This article analysis the influential factors and building the computational weight functions (CWFs) of different types of geographical feature (point, linear and area) in different visualization steps. Then, by analysing the linear relationship between the influential factors and the computing time of geographical feature visualization, the coefficients of CWFs can be obtained by linear regressions. The goodness of fit of all the linear regressions are significant (R2 > 0.9), which means the computing time of geographical feature visualization, can be accurately estimated by CWFs.Once the computational weight of vector tiles is calculated, the workload decomposition is the next key issue. The traditional decomposition methods widely used in spatial domain decomposition are based on evenly divided spatial areas, such as vertical decomposition, horizontal decomposition and so on. However, the distribution of geographical features are usually uneven, the traditional decomposition methods may introduce large imbalance of workload for parallel computing and degrade the efficiency and performance. This article proposes a workload decomposition method based on the computational weight of vector tiles to improve the parallel visualization efficiency of vector tiles. Experiments show that the computational efficiency of parallel visualization of vector tiles with the proposed workload decomposition method is 18.6% higher than that with traditional decomposition methods.
The Revising Process of ‘Kaisei Nihon Yochirotei Zenzu (Sekisui-zu)’
Authors: Kaida Toshikazu
Published: July 2019

Abstract. ‘Kaisei Nihon Yochi Rotei Zenzu’ by Sekisui Nagakubo, measuring around 83 × 134 cm and traditionally referred to as ‘Sekisui-zu’, is the earliest woodblock-printed map of Japan employing lines of longitude and latitude. Sekisui-zu is much more detailed than traditional maps like those of Ryūsen Ishikawa, with 4200 place names in the first edition compared with Ryūsen’s 900. Most of the first editions are hand-coloured in nine hues (presumably Yamato-e pigments), seven of which distinguish different regions. Sekisui-zu is still not a survey map but nevertheless acts with great geographical accuracy as a route map. This map of Japan was published a full 30 years in advance of the first surveyed manuscript map, by Tadataka Ino.The first edition bears the printed date of ‘1779’ but, according to Sekisui`s documents, etc. its actual publication was in the next year. Sekisui scrutinised not only former maps and documents but also travellers’ communications so vigorously that he revised his map time and time again. The first edition alone was revised at least twelve times by replacing the parts of woodblock with implants of more accurate ones, by the time the second edition of complete replacement of wood block was released in 1791. Most notable replacement was at the north end of Honshu, east part of Kanto province and east part of the Seto Inland Sea. The woodblock used to print the area between the Hitachi and Musashi prefectures was also replaced more than three times, as it seems to have become impossible to re-carve.The second edition was fully revised and contains more complex information, for example with nearly 6000 place names, most of which had been corrected by the first publication. This was revised only (at least) three times, mainly around the Izu Islands in a later issue. This edition was hand-colored in five different hues for each region. This was Sekisui’s last edition and three other editions, mostly colour printed, were released posthumously in 1811, 1834, and 1841. For eighty years of the late Edo period, Sekisui`s ‘Kaisei Nihon Yochi Rotei Zenzu’ was accepted as the definitive map of Japan.
Digital archiving project of paper maps collected for the International Map Exhibition 1980 in Tokyo
Authors: Kaji Hideki , Tsuruoka Ken’Ichi , Si Ruochen , Lu Min , Arikawa Masatoshi , Oguchi Takashi
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The Kashiwa Library (KL), The University of Tokyo, holds a collection of old paper maps over the world, about a half of which were originally collected for the International Map Exhibition 1980 in Tokyo. The collection has 3,200 maps published in the 1970s and 1980s, and 1,260 of them were displayed at the exhibition. The map collection is important because it represents the cartography at the emerging era of new technologies and techniques such as satellite remote sensing, computers and GIS for map production (Arikawa et al., 2016). These maps were donated from the Japan Cartographers Association in March 2016, after their collection and storage by the association since the exhibition. In the Japanese fiscal year 2017, the Center for Spatial Information Science (CSIS), The University of Tokyo, and KL started a cooperative research project to produce a digital archive of this map collection, with support from the University of Tokyo Academic Archives Project that facilitates digital archiving of academic materials owned by various units at the university. This presentation explains the procedure of making our digital archive “Kashiwanoha Paper Maps Digital Archive”. “Kashiwanoha” is the address of the Kashiwa Campus of The University of Tokyo where KL and CSIS are located, and it literally means “oak leaf”.
GSI Maps – Showcase of National Geospatial Data
Authors: Kamimura Kaito
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI), a special organization of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT), operates web maps "GSI Maps" (https://maps.gsi.go.jp/) (Figure 1). GSI Maps is the showcase of geospatial information developed by GSI and can be used with various devices and web browsers. GSI Maps is one of GSI’s important efforts to realize a society that everyone can get and utilize geospatial information anytime, anywhere.
The Soviet Military Plan of Tokyo (1966)
Authors: Kent Alexander J.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. As part of its secret Cold War mapping programme, the Soviet Union produced detailed plans of over 2,000 towns and cities within foreign territories around the globe. Some of these maps were made available for the first time in 1993 at the 16th International Cartographic Conference in Cologne, Germany, via a Latvian map dealer who discovered them at an abandoned depot outside Riga as the Red Army withdrew. However, Soviet city plans have only recently become the topic of cartographic research, which has provided some insights into aspects of their production, accuracy and purpose, that continue to have relevance for mapping diverse urban environments today.This paper focuses on the city plan of Tokyo, which comprises four sheets and was produced by the General Staff of the Soviet Union in 1966. Street names are transcribed to allow phonetic pronunciation and the plan identifies almost 400 important objects (from factories to hospitals), which are described in a numbered list. Although the street-level detail of the plan is produced according to a standard specification and symbology, it adopts an uncommon scale of 1 : 20,000 (with contours at 5-metre intervals) and incorporates an unusual and transitory cartographic style in the history of the series.In addition to highlighting the main features of the plan and exploring some possible sources, this paper interprets the wider context of the Soviet military plans of Japanese towns and cities (over 90 are known to have been mapped during the Cold War). Aside from their historical significance, it suggests how understanding the city plans can reveal how problems of the design and portrayal of detailed topographic information may be overcome through their unfamiliar, yet comprehensive, cartographic language.
Changes in the distribution and structure of white-collar workers’ residences in Japan during the period of modernization
Authors: Kirimura Takashi
Published: July 2019

Abstract. In Japan, research on urban residential differentiation has been carried out since the 1970s. Most of this research has focused on large cities using social area analysis and factorial ecology. The poor availability of small area statistics hindered research on urban residential differentiation until the end of the 1960s. Therefore, previous studies that focused on the modern cities in Japan used region-specific materials. For example, Ueno (1981) who studied in Tokyo in the 1920s used the census data calculated by the Tokyo City Office and Mizuuchi (1982) who studied in Osaka from the 1860s to the 1930s used various statistics created by the prefectural police and so on. For this reason, it is difficult to explore the inter-city comparison on the residential differentiation during the period of modernization in Japan.This study assesses the possibility of utilizing telephone directories as a data source to determine differences in geographical residence on the basis of occupation and visualize the distribution of white-collar workers’ residences in the mid-1930s in three Japanese cities: Tokyo, Osaka, and Kyoto. Although the regional situation on the penetration of telephones needs to be considered, the inter-city comparison becomes possible since the telephone directories in which the occupation of telephone subscribers was recorded was made available nationwide in the pre-war period. Since the white-collar workers during that period relatively belonged to the high class, many of them were considered subscribing to telephones. In addition, white-collar workers changed the previous urban structure that consisted of merchants and craftsmen into a modern one. Therefore, white-collar workers are a suitable subject for analyzing the telephone directory and the residential differentiation in the mid-1930s.
Los Angeles Homelessness and the Access to Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene
Authors: Avelar Lourdes Johanna , Chiang Yao-Yi , Vos Robert O. , Rico Jose Jesus , Qian Yanyi , Yin Xiaozhe , Vavra-Musser Kate
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Homelessness is a problem increasingly visible in many urban and rural communities that have rendered these marginalized people invisible. In Los Angeles County, approximately 53,000 people experience homelessness in a single-night, 4,294 of which reside in downtown’s “Skid Row” (LASHA, 2018). In the past months, cases of hepatitis A and murine typhus outbreaks have been reported in Skid Row. These infectious diseases are associated with poor living environments and inadequate access to basic water, sanitation, and hygiene services (WaSH). Therefore, this study addresses homelessness using water insecurity as a lens to look beyond the provisioning of housing (a long-term goal). More specifically, it examines the consequences of water insecurity in the health and lives of people experiencing homelessness using 134 in-depth interviews and surveys collected in July–August 2018. The data we collected were abstracted and analysed in R studio to test for associations between differences in poor access to WaSH and demographic factors, and then visualized in ArcGIS Pro using Hot Spot analysis. The study findings highlight that 56% of all study participants reported difficulty accessing basic WaSH services. Of this total, 65% of women participants reported statistically significant differences in access to showers compared to men (p < 0.05). Additionally, racial differences were reported in the sample, with Hispanic/Latinx and mixed-racial groups having more difficulty in accessing laundry services, drinking water, and showers. Furthermore, temporal differences existed in access to WaSH services, with people resorting to use public spaces (sidewalks, alleyways, and buckets inside their tents) more often at night than morning-time, due to a lack of public facilities remaining open and available throughout the day. Since the data collection took place in the summer time, 43% of participants reported experiencing dehydration, but also diarrhoea (24.39%), and skin infections (20.33%), all which are attributed to their reduced access to WaSH services. Overall, the information gathered from this study provides a deeper understanding of the existing inequities in access to services. It also demonstrates that there is a need for better public policies to address homelessness with more equitable solutions including gender, race, age, and immigration status. In conclusion, increasing access to WaSH resources can be a form of an immediate intervention provided to the homeless in order to 1) restore their human dignity, 2) improve their living environments, which would then lead to 3) the reduction of future health outbreaks and cost of medical emergency services.
Mapping dynamic, non-Euclidean spaces
Authors: Lally Nick , Bergmann Luke
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Space is often described as a dynamic entity in human geographic theory, one that resists being pinned down to static representations. Co-produced in and through relations between various things and phenomena, space in these accounts is variously described as being contingent, processual, plastic, relational, situated, topological, and uneven. In contrast, most cartographic methods and tools are based on static, Euclidean understandings of space that can be reduced to a simple, mathematical description. In this work, I explore how cartography can deal with space as a dynamic and fluid concept that is entangled with the phenomena and objects being mapped. To those ends, I describe a method for creating animated maps based on relational understandings of space that are always in flux.This work builds on research in collaboration with Luke Bergmann, where we suggest a move from Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as we commonly know them to the broader realm of geographical imagination systems (gis) that are informed by spatial theory in human geography. The animated maps here are produced using our prototype gis software Enfolding, which use multidimensional scaling (MDS) to visualize relational spaces, in combination with Blender, an open-source 3D rendering program. Written in JavaScript and available as open source software, Enfolding is our first attempt to make gis an accessible set of tools that expand the possibilities for mapping by providing new grammars for creative cartographic practices.In the cartographic workflow presented here, I use Enfolding to produce manifolds from a set of points and user-defined distances between points. Changing those measures of distance – which might represent travel times, affective connections, communicative links, or any other relationship as defined by a user – produces shifting manifolds. Using the .obj export option in Enfolding, I then import the manifolds into Blender, using them as animation keyframes. In Figure 1, I have added a digital elevation model (DEM) to the 3D figure, producing an animated visualization of a dynamic and relational space that includes a hillshade.This workflow represents only one of many creative possibilities for innovative cartographic practices that engage with space as a matter of concern. With growing interest in 3D cartographic methods comes expanded possibilities for visualizing dynamic and relational spaces. Combining conceptual antecedents in both human and quantitative geography with current cartographic methods allows for new approaches to both mapping and space. The workflow and tools that have emerged from this research are presented here with the hope of spurring creative and exploratory cartographic work that draws from but also contributes to vibrant discussions in spatial theory and creative cartography.
Understanding landmark types in human navigation from a database perspective
Authors: Lyu Hao , Wang Wangshu
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Delivering location based information to support human navigation in unfamiliar environments has been a long standing research topic in Location-based Service (LBS). Enriching route and direction communication with landmark information not only increases the efficiency of navigation applications but also facilitates spatial knowledge learning among users (Lovelace et al. 1999, Wunderlich & Gramann 2018). Landmarks are salient geographic entities anchored at fixed positions in an environment. In wayfinding and navigation, landmarks serve for multiple purposes as and organizing concept that help people build up structured spatial knowledge representation and as navigational tools to support navigational decision-making (Sorrows & Hirtle 1999). In previous work, landmarks are often conceptualized as reference points. However, in Geodatabase landmarks are not always represented as point features. Moreover, non-point features are also important references in route instructions, especially for pedestrian navigation. The signs, though often considered as point elements not only provide something about “here”, but also directional information (Gibson 2009). In this work, we attempt to provide a categorization of landmark for route communications from a database perspective. The proposed view is intended to be extended to a landmark model to generate various route communication, such as verbal instructions or symbolic visualizations.
Cartographic Presentation as the Central Theme for Geospatial Education
Authors: Malhotra Rakesh , McNeill Terry , Francis Carrie , Mulrooney Tim
Published: July 2019

Abstract. North Carolina Central University is committed to student education and training in cartography and geospatial sciences. This paper demonstrates the importance of applying cartographic principles to train students to convert historical deed records into geospatial data. Students were required to take text information from the 1960s and input this information it into a spatial database. The historical information was recorded on typed deeds in COGO (direction-distance) and the historic coordinate system of 1927 in the 1960s. Students applied cartographic principles that were used to identify contextual and spatial variations and anomalies to flag areas and records that didn’t meet project specifications and to trouble shoot conflicting information.This paper demonstrates the usefulness of using cartography as a tool to educate students in allied aspects of geospatial sciences such as creating and managing spatial data. For example, students used tools such as markers and color coding to identify areas of overlap and areas of mismatched records (Figure 1). The authors found that using cartography helped enhance the spatial understanding of the project for students.Education is the foundation of projects at North Carolina Central University and cartography has demonstrated appeal at the university level. Various geospatial aspects such as datums and projections, overlays, gaps, overlaps, and converting written information to spatial (geometric) information lend themselves well to cartographic principles. Cartography is an essential element that supports learning and teaching of spatial information as demonstrated by this project. Students were in a better position to understand and detect spatial anomalies with help from cartography than they were without using cartography and relying solely of written information. This enhanced their understanding and use of spatial data.
How to read ʽEmotional Cartographiesʼ: Rethinking (Carto)graphic Representation and Semantics
Authors: Marković Nevena
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The emotions, in its broadest sense, have been the subject of anthropological, sociological, and cultural studies among geographers. The “mapping impulse” has been also an essential element and a major force in many disciplines and fields.Historically, the mapping has imposed not only physical but also imagined boundaries, imposing “the power-knowledge” relations on the landscape and its communities. At the same time, looking at the history of cartography, the visual vocabulary of conventional maps has been used to interpret various facets of the human psyche, for instance in the case of the late Renaissance “sentimental cartography”.The concept of 'Emotional Geographies' has been adopted by geographers as 'a concern with the spatiality and temporality of emotions' (Davidson J, 2007). Hence, emotions have been acknowledged not as individualized, but as intersubjective – social and cultural.Although the geospatial technologies have acquired more humanized characteristics since the mid 1990‘s (Pickles, 1995), such as mapping feelings (Pocock, D. 1984) and emotional responses to space (Gartner, 2012), the cartography has been facing challenges regarding of data collection and representation of emotions (Griffin & McQuoid, 2012). Therefore, little cartographic efforts have been made in that direction due to the challenges in data collection and representation of emotions. (Griffin & McQuoid, 2012).As such, “turned” not only by the affective topographic or non-spatial elements, but also the critical theory, “Emotional Mapping”, as an additional concept in cartography, goes beyond the georeferenced emotional states in a certain geographic area. This reflexive methodology combines technology, science and art, theory and practice, and, as Nold argues, enables “Reflection-In-Action”, and new social relations. But, the way in which it creates a tangible vision of places as a dense multiplicity of personal sensations, which we are not normally aware of, is its most significant aspect (Nold, 2009). Further to new psychology-based approaches to affect and emotion, and how maps make us feel (Griffin & McQuoid, 2012), alternative approaches from cartography, social theory and art, demonstrate how maps are meaningful. In such scholarship environment, the co-creation of “Emotional Mapping” has a potential by drawing on “Emotional Cartography” techniques, and exploring the ways in which emotional responses might be sensed, captured, represented, analysed, and used in various cross-disciplinary projects.
Location Based Elements into Gaming Industry
Authors: Maruyama Tomoyasu
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The gaming industry is at a tipping point, where the real world is becoming the playground. In 2018, we could see many location-based games (LBG) such as Yokai Watch World, Jurassic World Alive, and Walking Dead Our World in the gaming market (Figure 1), after Google launched the Google Maps Platform for Real World games4) at Game Developer Conference 2018. Further, the location-based element can be added for the existing game or made the other genre of the game as well. Hence, it realized that the LBG could provide huge potential for gaming industry.In the presentation, I am going to discuss about how maps work for Real world game throughout the existing game and demo. It includes the basic requirement of the Mapping features from Game developers and its future collaboration with related technology such as AR (Augmented Reality)/ VR (Virtual Reality). Here are the main requirements that most of game developers needed when they build a LBG.Easy to deploy without geospatial knowledge The platform should provide a Vector 3D mapping data via Native Game Engine such as Unity3D and Unreal Engine or even original game engine. So, it should be provided by a native plug-in for the game engine loaded in client side to make a game object.Styling features for all vector data (Point, Polyline, and Polygon) The main components of the vector data should be roads, buildings, and parks, where game developers need to customize any game element. For example, fill parks with trees, oceans with waves, and beaches with umbrellas. They also request to customize colours, textures, and the sizes of objects to create a game all their own.Appropriate POI (Point of Interest) data suitable for the game worldGame developers might request to find player-friendly and appropriate places for game play. The POI data will support game developers drive your players to the real-world locations that make sense for your game. In addition, many game developers are interested in the LBG and try to create new genre of the game. They will notice about the value of Maps as a reference point between a real world and Gaming world. For example, I believe that the location based Ads will become their next generation revenue resources instead of In-App purchase that they currently gained. Further, the combination of the real-world data, maturing AR capabilities and the explosive user growth on mobile are starting to enable experiences that span realities, leading to dramatically higher engagement.
The advancement of utilizing geospatial information via GSI Maps
Authors: Mogi Hirosato
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI) is the national organization that has jurisdiction over the Survey Act, and develops geospatial information. We are also promoting utilization of them based on the Basic Act on the Advancement of Utilizing Geospatial Information. In addition, the Japanese government is promoting the Open Data initiative, in which the government widely discloses public data in machine-readable formats and allows secondary use of them. In accordance with these laws and initiative, we aim to realize a society where geospatial information can be widely and highly utilized by the disclosure of geospatial information. In order to achieve our mission, we are working on providing map data using “GSI Maps” (https://maps.gsi.go.jp/) which is a web map developed by using open source software (OSS) as the basis (Figure 1a). In this paper, we introduce “Three Open Policies” to promote utilizing geospatial information provided via GSI Maps.
Coupling a collaborative digital map and a dashboard: an optimal starting point for urban project learning in engineer training? The case of the serious game “Urb’Act”
Authors: Molines Nathalie , Henriot Carine
Published: July 2019

Abstract. As highlighted by Bacquet and Gauthier (2011), the shift from government of cities to urban governance “results in much greater variety of project scales, stakeholders and forms of public-private partnership. For the last two decades, it has contributed to fundamentally transforming the work of urban planners.” The foundations of this multi-stakeholder construction of urban projects must be addressed in the training of future city planners. But this training is difficult as part of a traditional education as it has to lead students to become aware of the multitude of direct, indirect and induced effects of involving multiple stakeholders with sometimes contradictory needs.Games, be they or not serious, digital or cooperative, have often been used in urban planning projects (Poplin, 2011) and their learning benefits are widely recognized (Cohard P. 2015; GEE JP 2003). Fun, more or less complex learning materials have been developed to address the complexity of the decision-making process in urban planning (Cools 2014; Vilmin 2018; etc.)As part of the “Urb’Act” project, selected in Sorbonne Université’s FORMINNOV call for projects, we have sought to draw on the potential offered by digital tools and touchscreen technologies to develop innovative teaching materials. To begin with, the game seeks to raise generalist urban engineers’ awareness of the complexity of urban projects.Urb’Act thus aims to help non-specialists to understand the interactions between the various stakeholders of an urban project. As a key aspect of an inverted pedagogy, Urb’Act also introduces notions of the construction of an overall plan, balancing of a budget and the sustainability of projects (Molines N. et al., 2018).