bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESE UND RADIKALREAKTIONEN HYDROXYLIERTER 2‐ARYLIDEN‐INDANDIONE‐(1,3)
Authors: POLUEKTOV I. T. , MOISEEV V. V. , GAINULIN I. F.
Published: March 2016

Durch Kondensationen der Indandione (I) mit äquimolaren Mengen der p‐Hydroxybenzaldehyde (II) in siedender Essigsäure werden die Hydroxyarylidenindandione (III) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: ′K‐REGION′ OXIDES AND RELATED OXIDIZED METABOLITES OF CARCINOGENIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
Authors: HARVEY RONALD G. , GOH SWEE HOCK , CORTEZ CECILIA
Published: March 2016

"K‐Region"‐Oxide werden aus den entsprechenden Kohlenwasserstoffen über die cis‐ Dihydrodiole, die Chinone und die trans‐Dihydrodiole erhalten; z.B. das Karzinogen (V) aus dem Benzoanthracen (I) über (II)‐(IV).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF TETRACHLOROCYCLOHEXANONE WITH BASES
Authors: TANAKA S. , KAWAZOE Y. , TAGUCHI T.
Published: March 2016

Tetrachlorcyclohexanon (II) reagiert mit Pyridin zu dem 2,6‐Dichlorphenol (I), während aus (II) mit Äthanolat (IIIa) und (IV) gebildet werden.
ChemInform Abstract: DIELS‐ALDER‐REAKTION VON FURAN UND 2‐METHYLFURAN MIT ACRYLNITRIL
Authors: KIENZLE FRANK
Published: March 2016

Die Umsetzung von Furan (I) mit Acrylnitril (II) liefert ein 61 z39‐Gemisch der endoexo‐isomeren Diels‐Alder‐Addukte (IIIa) und (IIIb); aus Methylfuran (IV) wird ein 34:58 :8‐Gemisch des endo‐(Va)‐und exo‐(Vb)‐Addukts sowie des konfigurativ ungeklärten Nitrils (VI) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY OF TRANSFORMATIONS OF 2‐CARBOMETHOXY‐5‐HYDROXYBENZOFURAN
Authors: GRINEV A. N. , ZOTOVA S. A.
Published: March 2016

Die Bromierung des 5‐Hydroxybenzofurancarbonsäureesters (I) mit einer äquivalenten Menge Brom liefert die 4‐Bromverbindung (II), während mit einem Überschuß das 4,6‐Dibromderivat (III) erhalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: CONDENSED HETEROAROMATIC SYSTEMS, CONTAINING THIOPHENE RING PART 32, SYNTHESIS AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF CHELATES ON THE BASIS OF 2‐MERCAPTO‐3‐BENZO(B)THIOPHENEALDEHYDE, 2‐MERCAPTO‐3‐IMINOMETHYLBENZO(B)THIOPHENE AND N,N(1)‐BIS‐(2‐MERCAPTO‐3‐BENZO(B)TENYLIDENE)ETHYLENEDIAMINE
Authors: LITVINOV V. P. , GOL'DFARB YA. L. , ZELENTSOV V. V. , BOGDANOVA L. G. , PETUKHOVA N. N.
Published: March 2016

3‐Brombenzothiophen (I) wird bei ‐70°C mit n‐Butyllithium umgesetzt und die gebildete Lithiumverbindung (II) durch aufeinanderfolgende Behandlung mit Dimethylformamid (DMF), n‐Butyllithium, Schwefel und saure Hydrolyse des Reaktionsgemisches in den 2‐Mercapto‐benzothiophenaldehyd (V) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: DERIVATIVES OF IMIDAZOLE
Authors: PATRA M. , MAHAPATRA S. K. , DASH B.
Published: March 2016

Unter Anwendung bekannter Wege werden verschiedene in Tabellen aufgeführte Imidazole hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 2‐METHYL 6‐ETHYL AND 2‐METHYL‐6‐N‐PROPYL‐GAMMA‐PYRONES
Authors: BANERJEE K. S. , DESHAPANDE S. S.
Published: March 2016

Dehydracetsäure (I) liefert mit 90 %iger Schwefelsäure das Triessigsäurelacton (II), das mit Acetanhydrid wieder in (I) übergeht.
ChemInform Abstract: 10‐THIAANTHRACENES PART 3, SYNTHESES OF 10‐PHENYL‐10‐THIAANTHRACENES HAVING A BASIC GROUP AT 1 POSITION
Authors: HORI M. , KATAOKA T. , SHIMIZU H. , YOSHIMUNA S.
Published: March 2016

Aus o‐Mercaptobenzoesäure (I) und p‐Chlortoluol (II) entstehen die Isomeren (III) und (IV), von denen (III) mit den cyclischen Aminen (V) zu (VI) umgesetzt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: BETA‐AMINOKETONE 8. MITT. REGIOSPEZIFITAET DER SYNTHESE SUBSTITUIERTER 1‐METHYL‐3‐ACYL‐4‐HYDROXY‐PIPERIDINE DURCH CYCLISIERUNG SUBSTITUIERTER METHYL‐ UND PHENYL‐2‐(N‐METHYL‐N‐(2‐ACYLAETHYL)‐AMINO)‐AETHYLKETONE
Authors: BADOSOV E. P. , KHASIRDZHEV A. B. , GOLOBIN E. T. , UNKOVSKII B. V.
Published: March 2016

Bei Cyclisierungen der Aminodiketone (I) unter der Einwirkung von wäßrigem KOH bei 0‐25°C entstehen regiospezifisch die Piperidin‐Ketole (II).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF BENZO(G)QUINOLINE DERIVATIVES PART 12, 1,2,3,4‐TETRAHYDRO‐4‐OXO‐10‐CHLOROBENZO(B)QUINOLINE
Authors: KOZYREVA N. P. , BEKHLI A. F.
Published: March 2016

Die Chlorierung des Tetrahydro‐4‐0xmbenzochinolins (I) ergibt ein Monochlorderivat (II), das zur Identifizierung auch aus dem 1‐Chlor‐2‐naphthylamin (III) durch Umsetzung mit β‐Propiolacton (IV), Cyclisierung und Acetylierung hergestellt werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLIC ANALOGS OF PLEIADIENE PART 16, NITRATION OF PERIMIDINE AND ITS 1‐ AND 2‐METHYL DERIVATIVES
Authors: POZHARSKII A. F. , KOROLEVA V. N.
Published: March 2016

Die Nitrierung der Perimidine (I) mit Salpetersäure in Eisessig führt zu Gemischen der Mononitroderivate (II) und (III), deren Weitemitrierung drei Dinitroverbindungen (IV)‐(VI) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 4H‐1,3‐BENZOXAZIN‐4‐ONIUM SALTS AND OF 4H‐1,3‐BENZOXAZINE‐4‐ONES
Authors: RYABUKHIN YU. I. , MEZHERITSKII V. V. , DOROFEENKO G. N.
Published: March 2016

Die Salicylamide (I) cyclisieren mit den Carbonsäureanhydriden (II) in Gegenwart von 70%iger Perchlorsäure zu Benzoxazinoniumsalzen (III), die mit Triäthylamin die Benzoxazinone (IV) ergeben und mit Wasser zu den N‐Acylsalicylamiden (V) hydrolysieren.
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF SPIROPHOSPHORANES
Authors: BONE S. A. , TRIPPETT S.
Published: March 2016

N‐Chlor‐diisopropylamid (III) kann in der Synthese von Spirophosphoranen als Kondensationsmittel eingesetzt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: RING CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE PHOSPHORUS‐31 CHEMICAL SHIFTS OF TRANSITION METAL‐PHOSPHORUS CHELATE COMPLEXES
Authors: GARROU PHILIP E.
Published: March 2016

Es werden die (31)P‐chemischen Verschiebungen für 40 Übergangsmetall‐Phosphor‐ Chelat‐Komplexe der Metalle Cr, Mo, W, Rn, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd und Pt untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,1‐DIMETHYL‐1‐SILACYCLOHEXA‐2,4‐DIEN‐TRICARBONYLEISEN
Authors: FINK WALTER
Published: March 2016

Bei der Einwirkung von Fe(CO)5 clohexadien‐(2,4) (IIa) erfolgt bei Temperatu Dien (I).
ChemInform Abstract: NEUARTIGE ELIMINIERUNGSREAKTION AN KOHLENHYDRATEN, SYNTHESE DES METHYL‐4,6‐O‐BENZYLIDEN‐3‐DESOXY‐2‐O‐METHYL‐ALPHA‐D‐ERYTHROHEX‐2‐ENOPYRANOSIDS
Authors: KLEMER ALMUTH , RODEMEYER GUENTHER
Published: March 2016

Das D‐Gluco‐ (Ia), D‐Altro‐ (Ib) und D‐Allohexopyranosid (Ic) reagieren jeweils unter Methanol‐Eliminierung zum Hexenopyranosid (II).
ChemInform Abstract: OLIGONUCLEOTIDE SYNTHESIS CATALYZED BY THE ZN(2+) ION
Authors: SAWAI HIROAKI , ORGEL LESLIE E.
Published: March 2016

In Gegenwart von Zn(2+) bildet Adenosin‐5′‐phosphorsäureimidazolid (ImpA) (I) in wäßriger Lösung neben dem üblichen Hydrolyseprodukt (II) das Imidazolid (III), die Oligoadenylsäuren (IV) und geringe Mengen an P1P2‐ Diadenosin‐5′‐pyrophosphat (V).
ChemInform Abstract: RATIONELLE SYNTHESE VON ALPHA‐L‐HOMOPROLIN UND EINIGER DERIVATE, DARSTELLUNG VON 7‐ALPHA‐L‐HOMOPROLIN‐BRADYKININ
Authors: BALASPIRI L. , PENKE B. , PAPP GY. , DOMBI GY. , KOVACS K.
Published: March 2016

Aus dem L‐Prolin (I) wurde über die Stufen (II)‐(V) α‐L‐Homoprolin (HPro) (VI) in optisch reiner Form synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTICS PART 1, METHYMYCIN
Authors: MASAMUNE SATORU , KIM C. U. , WILSON KENNETH E. , SPESSARD GARY O. , GEORGHIOU PARIS E. , BATES GORDON S.
Published: March 2016

Die seco‐Säure des Aglykons von Methymycin (I) wird durch Kondensation der Segmente A [C‐9 bis C‐11] (IIIb) und B [C‐1 bis C‐8] (XI) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: A FLUOROMETRIC DETERMINATION OF ZINC IN PORTLAND CEMENT WITH 8‐QUINOLINETHIOL
Authors: WATANABE KUNIHIRO , KAWAGAKI KYOZO
Published: March 2016

Die beschriebene Bestimmungsmethode stimmt mit den Ergebnissen der konventionellen Atomabsorptionsmethode gut überein.
ChemInform Abstract: PRECISE DETERMINATION OF POWDER DENSITY
Authors: KLUZ ZOFIA , WACLAWSKA IRENA
Published: March 2016

Der Bestimmung liegt die Jeannin‐Methode zugrunde, die in einigen Punkten verbessert wurde.
ChemInform Abstract: ANODIC POLARIZATION BEHAVIOR OF HIGH‐PURITY 13 AND 18 PERCENT CR STAINLESS STEELS
Authors: LIZLOVS E. A. , BOND A. P.
Published: March 2016

Die potentiodynamischen Polarisationskurven werden von dem im Titel genannten Edelstahl, der neben Cr noch Obis 5% Mo enthält, in In H2SO4 und ln HCl aufgenommen.
ChemInform Abstract: A STUDY OF THE ANODIZATION OF NIOBIUM USING THE METHOD OF OPEN‐CIRCUIT TRANSIENTS IN AQUEOUS AND NONAQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
Authors: DALY C. M. , KEIL R. G.
Published: March 2016

Die anodische Oxidation von Nb wird in Eisessig‐Na‐tetraborat‐ und in wäßriger Borsäure‐Na‐tetraborat‐Lösung über einen Potentialbereich von 74 V untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRISCH STRUKTURIERTE MEMBRANEN. HERST. UND BEDEUTUNG
Authors: SAIER H.‐D. , STRATHMANN H.
Published: March 2016

Der Fortschrittsbericht behandelt das Prinzip der Membranfiltration, die phänomenologische Beschreibung der Membran und der Membrantransportvorgänge, Membranmodelle, sowie Herstellung und Anwendung asymmetrischer Membranen.
ChemInform Abstract: THE QUANTUM YIELD OF PHOTOLYSIS OF WATER ON TIO2 ELECTRODES
Authors: OHNISHI T. , NAKATO Y. , TSUBOMURA H.
Published: March 2016

Die Quantenausbeute der Photoströme in der elektrochemischen Zelle n‐TiO2/Elektrolyt/Pt wird bei monochromer Belichtung von TiO2 bei verschiedenen Elektrodenpotentialen gemessen.
ChemInform Abstract: FREE‐RADICAL ADDITIONS TO OLEFINS IN THE PRESENCE OF REDOX SYSTEMS
Authors: MINISCI FRANCESCO
Published: March 2016

Übersicht.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBONYLATION OF STYRENE CATALYSED BY A PALLADIUM‐BIPHOSPHINE COMPLEX
Authors: SUGI Y. , BANDO K. , SHIN S.
Published: March 2016

Die Carbonylierung von Styrol (V) in Äthanol durch den aus (I) und (II) zugänglichen Komplex (IIIa) liefert mit steigendem CO‐Druck (100 bis 300 at) und wachsendem Umsatz (45 bis 73 %) bevorzugt 3‐Phenyl‐propionsäure‐äthylester (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: EIGENSCHAFTEN BETA,GAMMA‐UNGESAETTIGTER SCHWEFELCARBANIONEN, DIE EINE METHYLSULFINYL‐GRUPPE IN ALPHA′‐STELLUNG TRAGEN, EINFL. DER TEMPERATUR AUF IHRE STABILITAET U. IHRE (2.3)SIGMATROPE UMLAGERUNG, NEUE SYNTH. EINES ALLYL‐VINYL‐SULFIDS UND EINES THIO‐ BZW. DITHIOAETHERS MIT VINYL‐GRUPPIERUNGEN
Authors: HUYNH CHANH HUYNH CHANH , RATOVELOMANANA VICTORIN , JULIA SYLVESTRE
Published: March 2016

Das aus dem Isothiuroniumsalz (I) und dem Sulfoxid (II) zugängliche Sulfid" (III) wird mit Li‐diisopropylamid (Dial) in THF bei ‐65°C in das Carbanion (IV) übergeführt, aus dem über die Zwischenstufen (V) und (VI) das Derivat (VII) gewonnen wird.
ChemInform Abstract: ABSOLUTE CONFIGURATIONS AND CHIROPTICAL PROPERTIES OF OPTICALLY ACTIVE DERIVATIVES OF TRICYCLO(4.3.0.0(3,8))NONANE (′TWIST‐BRENDANE′)
Authors: NAKAZAKI MASAO , NAEMURA KOICHIRO , HARITA SIGEYUKI
Published: March 2016

Das (+)‐endo‐Carboxybicycloocten (I) wird durch Reduktion mit LiAlH4 und nachfolgende Collins‐Oxidation über den Alkohol zum Aldehyd und anschließende Paterno‐ Büchi‐Photoringschlußreaktion in das (+)‐Oxetan (II) umgewandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: SALICYLOYL‐AMINOSAEURE‐ESTER UND ‐AMIDE
Authors: MAZZOTTA D. , GIORI P. , GUARNERI M. , BENASSI C. A.
Published: March 2016

Durch Reaktion des Nitroso‐pyrazols (II) mit Acetyl‐salicylsäure (I) und Dicyclohexylcarbodümid erhält man den aktivierten Ester (III), der mit Aminosäureester (IV) zu den Salicyloyl‐aminosäureestern (V) reagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: 2.MITT. SYNTHESE VON P‐ALKYLSULFAMOYL‐THIOBENZAMIDEN UND EINIGEN DERIVATEN, IHRE AKTIVITAET IN VITRO AM STAMM H37RV DES TUBERKELBAZILLUS
Authors: COHEN VICTOR ISRAEL , RIST NOEL , CLAVEL SABINE
Published: March 2016

Die Thioamide (Ia) und die Thioester (Ib) werden analog den Aryl‐Derivaten (siehe vorstehendes Referat) synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: 3. MITT. SYNTHESE VON M‐ALKYL(ARYL)SULFAMOYL‐THIOBENZAMIDEN UND EINIGEN VERWANDTEN DERIVATEN, IHRE AKTIVITAET IN VITRO AM STAMM H37RV DES TUBERKELBAZILLUS
Authors: COHEN VICTOR ISRAEL , RIST NOEL , CLAVEL SABINE
Published: March 2016

Die Titelverbindungen (Ia)‐(Ic) werden nach bekannten Methoden aus den entsprechenden m‐Alkyl(Aryl)sulfamoyl‐benzonitrilen dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND DETERMINATION OF ABSOLUTE ROTATIONS AND CONFIGURATIONS OF 6,7‐DIMETHOXY‐1,2‐DIMETHYL‐EXO‐2‐BENZONORBORNENYL DERIVATIVES
Authors: GOERING H. L. , BACKUS A. C. , CHANG C. S. , MASILAMANI W.
Published: March 2016

Aus 4,5‐Dimethoxy‐anthranilsäure (I) und Cyclopentadien (II) entsteht über das Dehydrobenzol das Addukt (III), aus dem das Keton (IV) erhalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESE UND PHARMAKOLOGISCHE EIGENSCHAFTEN VON IN 2‐STELLUNG DURCH EINE SAEUREKETTE SUBSTITUIERTEN BENZOFURANCARBONSAEUREN
Authors: AUROZO ALAIN , FAURE ROBERT , MATTIODA GEORGES
Published: March 2016

Die Titelverbindungen, z.B. (I)‐(V), werden nach bekannten Verfahren dargestellt: Die Benzofurancarbonsäure (Ia) nach Walker und Smith, (Ib) nach Andrisano und Duro.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐PHENETHYLIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES. SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMYCOTIC PROPERTIES
Authors: GODEFROI E. F. , GEENEN J. J. H. , VAN KLINGEREN B. , VAN WIJNGAARDEN L. J.
Published: March 2016

1,2‐Dimethyl‐imidazol (I) kann in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin in Acetonitril mit den Säurechloriden (II) zweifach zu den Enolestern (III) substituiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: TETRAZOLE ANALOGUES OF PHENYLALANINES
Authors: BREWSTER KEITH , PINDER ROGER MARTIN
Published: March 2016

Ausgehend von den Nitrilen (Ic) ‐ erhältlich aus den Säuren (Ia) durch Dehydrierung ihrer Amide (Ib) ‐ werden entsprechende Tetrazole (II) dargestellt; nachfolgende Dephthaloylierung gibt die Phenylalanin‐Analogen (III) (Tetrazolyl ‐ anstelle einer Carboxylgruppe).
ChemInform Abstract: DIE DECKER‐OXIDATION 2‐SUBSTITUIERTER N‐ALKYLPYRIDINIUMVERBINDUNGEN 1. MITT. RK.‐VERHALTEN VON 1‐METHYL‐2‐ALKYL‐ UND 1‐METHYL‐2‐HYDROXYALKYLPYRIDINIUMSALZEN
Authors: WEBER H.
Published: March 2016

Die Decker‐Methode der alkalischen Hexacyanoferrat(III)‐Oxidation der 2‐substituierten Pyridiniumverbindungen (I) liefert ausschließlich 1‐Methyl‐2‐pyridon (II).
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEXES OF ORGANIC ARSONIC ACIDS WITH METAL IONS PART 5, COMPLEXES OF LA(III), ND(III) AND SM(III) WITH PHENYLARSONIC ACID AND ITS ORTHO‐ AND PARA‐SUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES
Authors: SANDHU S. S. , AULAKH G. S.
Published: March 2016

Die Titelverbindungen (I) wurden durch Rückflußkochen der Lanthanoidchloride mit den Phenylarsonsäuren in absolutem Äthanol dargestellt und durch IR‐Daten, Absorptionsmaxima und magnetische Momente charakterisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESE UND EIGENSCHAFTEN VON BIS‐AETHINYLVERBINDUNGEN DES SILICIUMS UND GERMANIUMS SOWIE DARAUS ENTSTEHENDE POLYMERE
Authors: LUNEVA L. K. , VASNEVA N. A. , SLADKOV A. M. , KORSHAK V. V.
Published: March 2016

Dihalogengermane oder Dihalogensilane wie (III) und (VI) reagieren mit Äthinylmagnesiumbromid (IV) zu Bis‐äthinylderivaten (V) bzw. (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: (MO6CL8)(OC6F5)4(HMPA)2, EINE FLUECHTIGE MOLYBDAENCLUSTERVERBINDUNG
Authors: ABEL HANS‐JUERGEN , RABENECK HELMUT , SCHAEFER HARALD
Published: March 2016

Die Titelverbindung wurde durch Reaktion von MoöClz in CH2Cl2 mit Hexamethylphosphortriamid und Na‐perfluorphenolat in Wasser mit 91% Ausbeute dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE (13)C MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF DIVOLENT PARAMAGNETIC METALS ACETYLACETONATES ON PYRIDINE, QUINOLINE, AND ISOQUINOLINE. SPECIFIC INTERACTIONS WITH MN(AA)2
Authors: HAYAMIZU KIKUKO , MURATA MAKOTO , YAMAMOTO OSAMU
Published: March 2016

Die Effekte der paramagnetischen Ni(II)‐, Co(II)‐, Cu(II)‐ oder Mn(II)‐acetylacetonate auf die (13)C‐chemischen Verschiebungen, Linienbreiten und Spingitter‐Relaxationszeiten von Pyridinlösungen werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: THE KINETICS OF RING CLOSURE AND HYDROLYSIS OF A NUMBER OF HALO‐COBALT(III) COMPLEXES OF DIAMINOPOLYCARBOXYLATE LIGANDS
Authors: EVANS M. H. , GROSSMAN B. , WILKINS R. G.
Published: March 2016

Die Kinetik der Reaktion der Komplexe (I), in denen die Tetraacetate als fünfzähniger Ligand fungieren, zu den Produkten (II), in denen alle sechs Donatoratome des Liganden koordiniert sind, wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 5ALPHA‐CHOLESTAN‐3‐METHYL‐3‐ACETALDEHYDE AND 5‐PREGNEN‐20‐METHYL‐3BETA‐OL‐16‐ONE
Authors: TREHAN I. R. , SHARMA DINESH K. , REWAL D. V. L.
Published: March 2016

Der aus dem Nitril (I) erhältliche Aldehyd (III) setzt sich mit Li‐dimethyl‐cuprat (IV) zur Titelverbindung (V) um.
ChemInform Abstract: METHODISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN ZUR MERRIFIELD‐SYNTHESE 3. MITT. SYNTHESE DES SCHWEINE‐PROINSULIN‐(28‐34)‐HEPTAPEPTIDES NACH DER MERRIFIELD‐TECHNIK UND DURCH FRAGMENTKONDENSATION AM POLYMEREN TRAEGER
Authors: NEUBERT K. , JAKUBKE H.‐D.
Published: March 2016

Die geschützte Teilsequenz (I) wird nach der schrittweisen Merrifield‐Technik sowie durch Fragmentkondensation (2 + 2 + 2 Verknüpfung) unter Verwendung der entsprechenden Boc‐Dipeptid‐5‐chlorchinolyl‐(8)‐ester am polymeren Träger synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SUCROSE CHEMISTRY PART 6, SYNTHESIS OF AMINO DERIVATIVES OF SUCROSE
Authors: SUAMI TETSUO , IKEDA TOSHIHIDE , NISHIYAMA SHIGERU , ADACHI RYOICHI
Published: March 2016

Aus der Heptaacetylsaccharose (Ia) wird nach üblichen Methoden über das Tosylat (Ib) das Azid (Ic) dargestellt, das durch Hydrogenolyse und nachfolgende Des‐O‐ acetylierung das 6′‐Desoxy‐6′‐amino‐Derivat (II) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF 5‐PHENYLPHENOXYMETHYLPENICILLIN
Authors: VANDERHAEGHE H. , THOMIS J.
Published: March 2016

Aus Azido‐acetylchlorid (I) erhält man in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin über das Keten mit den Thiazolinen (IIa)‐(IIc) die Addukte (III), die zu den Aminen (IV) reduziert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: M2PO3N (M: Ca, Sr): ortho‐Oxonitridophosphates with β‐K2SO4 Structure Type.
Authors: Marchuk Alexey , Schultz Peter , Hoch Constantin , Oeckler Oliver , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: March 2016

Ca2PO3N (I) and Sr2PO3N (II) are prepared by hot press sintering of stoichiometric amounts of PON and CaO or SrO (multianvil apparatus, 7 GPa, 1100 °C, 60 min) or by solid state reaction (N2‐filled silica tubes, 1100 °C, 2 h or 24 h, resp.).
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt Clusters with Cubane‐Type Topologies Based on Trivacant Polyoxometalate Ligands.
Authors: Duan Yan , Clemente‐Juan Juan M. , Gimenez‐Saiz Carlos , Coronado Eugenio
Published: March 2016

Na1.5Cs2.5 [Co4(OH)3(H2O)6 (PW9O34)]·9H2O (I) is obtained by reaction of Na(OAc), CoSO4, Na8H[PW9O34] (H2O, 80 °C, 20 min) followed by addition of CsCl (5% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Fluorination of β‐Ketoamides in the Presence of Chiral Palladium Complexes
Authors: Kwon Su Jin , Kim Dae Young
Published: March 2016

affording α‐fluoro‐β‐ketoamides
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphino‐amine (PN) Ligands for Rapid Catalyst Discovery in Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Hydrogen‐Borrowing Alkylation of Anilines: A Proof of Principle.
Authors: Broomfield Lewis Marc , Wu Yichen , Martin Eddy , Shafir Alexandr
Published: March 2016

A series of simple phosphino‐amine ligands is synthesized and screened in aromatic amine alkylations via ruthenium‐catalyzed hydrogen borrowing reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient Mukaiyama—Mannich Reaction of N‐Boc Isatin Ketimines and Other Active Cyclic Ketimines Using Difluoroenol Silyl Ethers Catalyzed by Ph3PAuOTf.
Authors: Yu Jin‐Sheng , Zhou Jian
Published: March 2016

Cyclic ketimines (I), and active cyclic sulfonimines (VIII) undergo Mukaiyama—Mannich reactions with difluoroenol silyl ethers (II) catalyzed by title Au(I) complex affording cyclic compounds substituted by an α,α‐difluoroketone moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: Trimethylsilyloxide‐Catalyzed Peterson Olefinations with 2,2‐Bis(trimethylsilyl)‐1,3‐dithiane.
Authors: Manvar Atul , O'Shea Donal F.
Published: March 2016

The required title reagent (III) is readily available in one pot and excellent yield and can be applied with success to the olefination of a variety of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes under either conditions A) or B).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐(α‐Peroxy)Indole/Carbazole via Chemoselective Three‐Component Condensation Reaction in Open Atmosphere.
Authors: Wang Xinbo , Pan Yupeng , Huang Kuo‐Wei , Lai Zhiping
Published: March 2016

The title compounds are prepared as potential building blocks for the synthesis of mycotoxins Fumitremorgin A and Verruculogen or their derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Insertions in Oxidative Gold Catalysis: Synthesis of Polycyclic 2H‐Pyran‐3(6H)‐ones via a Relay Strategy.
Authors: Zheng Zhitong , Zhang Liming
Published: March 2016

Functionalized bicyclic or polycyclic pyranones are obtained by a cascade cyclization and subsequent C—H insertion starting from easily accessible bispropargyl ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Access to Bicyclo[4.3.0]nonanes: Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Silylative Cyclization of Cyclohexadienone‐Tethered Allenes.
Authors: He Zhi‐Tao , Tang Xiao‐Qi , Xie Li‐Bo , Cheng Mian , Tian Ping , Lin Guo‐Qiang
Published: March 2016

A Cu‐catalyzed tandem process consisting of selective β‐silylation of the allene and subsequent enantioselective 1,4‐addition to the cyclohexadienone unit is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Green Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Structural Investigation of Multi‐Substituted Imidazoles. Part 1.
Authors: Mohamed Shaaban K. , Simpson Jim , Marzouk Adel A. , Talybov Avtandil H. , Abdelhamid Antar A. , Abdullayev Yusif A. , Abbasov Vagif M.
Published: March 2016

Tetra‐substituted imidazole derivatives are obtained under solvent‐free and green reaction conditions by four‐component cyclocondensation of benzene, ethanolamine, various aromatic aldehydes, and ammonium acetate using the novel, reusable ionic liquid catalyst, diethylammonium hydrogen sulfate.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Domino Oxa‐Michael/Aza‐Michael/Cyclization: Synthesis of Bicyclic Lactams and Spirooxindole Skeleton.
Authors: Le Goff Ronan , Sanselme Morgane , Lawson Ata Martin , Daich Adam , Comesse Sebastien
Published: March 2016

Bicyclic lactams such as (III) are readily available in the presence of 0.9‐1.2 equiv.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐catalytic Multicomponent Rapid and Efficient Approach to 10‐(2,4,6‐Trioxohexahydropyrimidin‐5‐yl) ‐3,3‐dimethyl‐2,3,4,9‐tetrahydro‐1H‐xanthen‐1‐ones from Salicylaldehydes, Dimedone, and Barbituric Acids.
Authors: Elinson Michail N. , Nasybullin Ruslan F. , Sokolova Olga O. , Zaimovskaya Tatiana A. , Egorov Mikhail P.
Published: March 2016

Title compounds (IV) are efficiently and eco‐friendly synthesized within very short reaction times without the need of any catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Helquats Based on Phenanthridinium Units: Four‐Step Procedure to Novel Extended Helical Dications.
Authors: Sonawane Manoj R. , Vavra Jan , Saman David , Cisarova Ivana , Teply Filip
Published: March 2016

Starting compound (I) is prepared in two steps from phenanthridin‐6‐one.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Aerobic Oxidative Cyclization via C—H Activation in Chloroquine Analogues: Synthesis and Cytotoxic Study.
Authors: Senthil Kumar Gopal , Ali Mohamed Ashraf , Choon Tan Soo , Rajendra Prasad Karnam Jayarampillai
Published: March 2016

The new compounds are screened for their cytotoxic activities against CCRF‐CEM, HT29, and MCF7 human cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthetic Access to Novel N‐(Pyrimidinyl)‐N‐(1H‐benzo[d]imidazolyl)amines in an Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Bonacorso Helio G. , Calheiro Tainara P. , Zanatta Nilo , Martins Marcos A. P.
Published: March 2016

via cyclocondensation of guanidine (I) with trifluoroalkenone derivatives (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 4‐Aryl and Alkyl Substituted, N6‐Alkylated Pyridazine‐3,6‐diamines.
Authors: Wlochal Joanna , Bailey Andrew
Published: March 2016

N‐unprotected substrate (I) undergoes Suzuki or Negishi coupling to afford 4‐aryl and 4‐alkyl substituted pyridazines.
ChemInform Abstract: NIS‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of Alcohols with Amidines: A Simple and Efficient Transition‐Metal Free Method for the Synthesis of 1,3,5‐Triazines.
Authors: Tiwari Abhishek R. , Akash T. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: March 2016

A wide range of 1,3,5‐triazines is efficiently synthesized via the title reaction of amidines (I) with benzyl alcohols under mild transition‐metal and phosphine free conditions without the need of oxygen in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Indole Alkaloids from the Sea Anemone Heteractis aurora and Homarine from Octopus cyanea.
Authors: Shaker Kamel H. , Goehl Matthias , Mueller Tobias , Seifert Karlheinz
Published: March 2016

isolation of two new indole alkaloids (I) and (II) and confirmation of their structure by independent synthesis
ChemInform Abstract: Antimalarial and Antimycobacterial Agents from Streptomyces sp. BCC27095
Authors: Intaraudom Chakapong , Bunbamrung Nantiya , Dramae Aibrohim , Danwisetkanjana Kannawat , Rachtawee Pranee , Pittayakhajonwut Pattama
Published: March 2016

isolation and biological evaluation of two new, compounds (I) and (II), and two known anthraquinone derivatives
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Design of TPEN Derivatives for Selective Extraction of Trivalent Minor Actinides Against Lanthanides
Authors: Miyazaki Yuji , Suzuki Shinichi , Kobayashi Toru , Yaita Tsuyoshi , Inaba Yusuke , Takeshita Kenji , Mori Atsunori
Published: March 2016

Review: [17 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Proton‐Conductive Metal—Organic Frameworks
Authors: Yamada Teppei , Sadakiyo Masaaki , Shigematsu Akihito , Kitagawa Hiroshi
Published: March 2016

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Complexes of Ambiphilic Ligands: Reactivity and Catalytic Applications
Authors: Bouhadir Ghenwa , Bourissou Didier
Published: March 2016

Review: [53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Compounds with Low‐Valent p‐Block Elements for Small Molecule Activation and Catalysis
Authors: Yadav Sandeep , Saha Sumana , Sen Sakya S.
Published: March 2016

Review: [61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Trifluoromethyl Nitrogen Heterocycles: Synthetic Aspects and Potential Biological Targets.
Authors: Meyer F.
Published: March 2016

Review: 124 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Dearomatization of Phenols
Authors: Sun Wangsheng , Li Guofeng , Hong Liang , Wang Rui
Published: March 2016

Review: [59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Application of Pyridinium Chlorochromate (PCC) in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Fazeli Azadeh , Faghihi Zeinab
Published: March 2016

Review: 168 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: InspIRED by Nature: NADPH‐Dependent Imine Reductases (IREDs) as Catalysts for the Preparation of Chiral Amines
Authors: Grogan Gideon , Turner Nicholas J.
Published: March 2016

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Evaluation of Dilute Acid and Ammonia Fiber Explosion Pretreatment for Cellulosic Ethanol Production
Authors: Mathew Anil Kuruvilla , Parameshwaran Binod , Sukumaran Rajeev Kumar , Pandey Ashok
Published: March 2016

Review: 68 refs.
Enhanced Efficacy of Artemisinin Loaded in Transferrin‐Conjugated Liposomes versus Stealth Liposomes against HCT‐8 Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Leto Isabella , Coronnello Marcella , Righeschi Chiara , Bergonzi Maria Camilla , Mini Enrico , Bilia Anna Rita
Published: March 2016

Artemisinin (ART) is a unique sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Artemisia annua that is well known for antimalarial properties and was recently reported as a promising anticancer drug. The aim of our work was to develop a novel nanocarrier for enhanced ART delivery and activation in cancer tissues, because transferrin receptors are largely expressed in cancer cells and the iron content is higher than in normal cells. ART was loaded in transferrin‐conjugated liposomes (ART‐L‐Tf), and the performance was compared with ART loaded in stealth liposomes (ART‐L). All of the liposomes were fully characterized in terms of size, drug‐entrapment efficiency, transferrin coupling moieties, and stability. Both cell uptake and cytotoxicity studies of the developed nanocarriers were tested in the HCT‐8 cell line, selected among several cell lines because of transferrin receptor overexpression. The results confirmed the enhanced delivery of ART‐L‐Tf in comparison with ART‐L in the targeting of the HCT‐8 cell line and an improved cytotoxicity as a result of the presence of iron ions, which resulted in concomitant synergism derived from the increased expression of transferrin receptors on the surface of the tumor cells.
Support students with tutoring, advising and advocacy
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: March 2016

Students with learning disabilities and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder benefit from extensive support. Madalay Fleming, M.S., instructor and director at the Center for Advanced Learning at Barry University, explained how her center helps these students succeed in their academics.
Helping faculty find the balance: Communicating with students with disabilities
Authors: Meeks Lisa M. , Jain Neera R.
Published: March 2016

Last month's Coalition Corner discussed possible consequences when students with disabilities lack effective communication skills, but what happens when the fault lies with faculty communication? To avoid situations that adversely affect students, communication around disability matters requires clarity and understanding of basic principles. Disability services providers can assist their faculty through training and written guidance. Here are our top four strategies for improving faculty and administrator communication.
Medical school websites out of compliance with ADA
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: March 2016

Only one‐third of American medical schools' websites state outright that they would be open to accommodating disabled students, according to a new study published by American Medicine. Half of all medical school websites have vague information about which students would be accepted.
phylosignal: an R package to measure, test, and explore the phylogenetic signal
Authors: Keck François , Rimet Frédéric , Bouchez Agnès , Franc Alain
Published: March 2016

Phylogenetic signal is the tendency for closely related species to display similar trait values as a consequence of their phylogenetic proximity. Ecologists and evolutionary biologists are becoming increasingly interested in studying the phylogenetic signal and the processes which drive patterns of trait values in the phylogeny. Here, we present a new R package,phylosignalwhich provides a collection of tools to explore the phylogenetic signal for continuous biological traits. These tools are mainly based on the concept of autocorrelation and have been first developed in the field of spatial statistics. To illustrate the use of the package, we analyze the phylogenetic signal in pollution sensitivity for 17 species of diatoms.
Numerical Investigation of the Correlation between Electrode Structure and Number of Captured Particles in a Dielectrophoretic Device
Authors: AOKI RYOTO , SHIRAI NAOKI , UCHIDA SATOSHI , TOCHIKUBO FUMIYOSHI
Published: March 2016

For the strict application of food hygiene regulations such as hazard analysis critical control point systems, the development of a rapid and simple measurement scheme for biological particles is essential. Recently, a hybrid method using dielectrophoretic manipulation and microfluidic operation has attracted attention for bioparticle detection. However, the influence of the electrode structure on the dielectrophoretic force has not been fully understood. For effective design of dielectrophoretic devices, it is important to investigate quantitatively the capture characteristics. In the present work, we numerically simulate the particle dynamics in the capture region of a dielectrophoretic microdevice with interdigitated electrodes. The dependence of the dielectrophoretic force on the electrode width and gap length shows that there is a maximum for the capture height of particles, assuming an adequate electrode structure. Furthermore, the number of captured particles is accurately evaluated when the effective region ratio is taken into consideration. Under typical conditions, the number of captured particles is almost always in agreement with experimental results.
Effect of Ni, Cr, V, and Zn Substitution on the Electrochemical Properties of Spinel Ferrites
Authors: OBARA GAKU , TAKAHASHI RYO , UDA SHOTA
Published: March 2016

Spinel ferrite nanoparticles, promising electrode materials for redox capacitors, were prepared with the chemical coprecipitation technique. In this work, the effects of the value of x on the electrochemical properties of ZnxFe3 − xO4, NixFe3 − xO4, CrxFe3 − xO4, (V1/3Zn2/3)xFe3 − xO4, and VxFe3 − xO4 spinel ferrite electrodes were investigated. Additionally, the effects of the occupied site and valence of Fe ions in the spinel structure on capacitance were discussed. The results show that the capacitance of the spinel ferrites increased with an increase in Fe2 + ion in the 16d sites of the spinel structure.
A 3‐DOF Inchworm Using Levitation Caused by Vertical Vibration
Authors: TORII AKIHIRO , NISHIO MITSUHIRO , DOKI KAE , UEDA AKITERU
Published: March 2016

We propose a 3‐DOF inchworm‐type microactuator that uses levitation generated by vertical vibration. The vertical vibration is created by a piezoelectric actuator. The inchworm typically consists of thrust elements and clamp elements. The proposed inchworm, however, does not use any clamp elements. Four levitation elements are connected with four thrust elements, which are stacked‐type piezoelectric actuators. The levitation element consists of a mass, a piezoelectric actuator, and a plate. The vertical vibration of the piezoelectric actuator lifts the levitation elements, which eliminates any friction. By controlling the order of the deformation of the horizontal piezoelectric actuators and the vibration of the vertical piezoelectric actuators, the inchworm engages in linear and rotational motion. The levitation height and the linear and rotational displacement of the inchworm were measured. Experimental results demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed 3‐DOF inchworm. The mechanism described in this paper is effective for a precision positioning system in a clean room.
The geomorphology of the Anthropocene: emergence, status and implications
Authors: Brown Antony G. , Tooth Stephen , Bullard Joanna E. , Thomas David S. G. , Chiverrell Richard C. , Plater Andrew J. , Murton Julian , Thorndycraft Varyl R. , Tarolli Paolo , Rose James , Wainwright John , Downs Peter , Aalto Rolf
Published: March 2016

The Anthropocene is proposed as a new interval of geological time in which human influence on Earth and its geological record dominates over natural processes. A major challenge in demarcating the Anthropocene is that the balance between human‐influenced and natural processes varies over spatial and temporal scales owing to the inherent variability of both human activities (as associated with culture and modes of development) and natural drivers (e.g. tectonic activity and sea level variation). Against this backdrop, we consider how geomorphology might contribute towards the Anthropocene debate by focusing on human impact on aeolian, fluvial, cryospheric and coastal process domains, and how evidence of this impact is preserved in landforms and sedimentary records. We also consider the evidence for an explicitly anthropogenic geomorphology that includes artificial slopes and other human‐created landforms. This provides the basis for discussing the theoretical and practical contributions that geomorphology can make to defining an Anthropocene stratigraphy. It is clear that the relevance of the Anthropocene concept varies considerably amongst different branches of geomorphology, depending on the history of human actions in different process domains. For example, evidence of human dominance is more widespread in fluvial and coastal records than in aeolian and cryospheric records, so geomorphologically the Anthropocene would inevitably comprise a highly diachronous lower boundary. Even to identify this lower boundary, research would need to focus on the disambiguation of human effects on geomorphological and sedimentological signatures. This would require robust data, derived from a combination of modelling and new empirical work rather than an arbitrary ‘war of possible boundaries' associated with convenient, but disputed, ‘golden’ spikes. Rather than being drawn into stratigraphical debates, the primary concern of geomorphology should be with the investigation of processes and landform development, so providing the underpinning science for the study of this time of critical geological transition. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Purposeful Design and Consequence Management Minimize Security Risk
Authors: Chritton Michael R.
Published: March 2016

My first exposure to high‐security upgrades occurred as a young reactor operations senior supervisor. Our facility's security system was being upgraded with the assistance of folks from a security system design contractor, security experts from Sandia National Labs, the onsite Special Response Team provider, the site Health and Safety group, and the federal regulatory agency.
How Does FERC Select Venue Under FPA Sections 31(d)(3) and 317?
Authors: Corcoran Andrew R.
Published: March 2016

Historically very few Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) investigations have resulted in federal district court proceedings pursuant to an investigative target's election to proceed under the provisions in Section 31(d)(3) of the Federal Power Act (FPA).1 In the last few years, however, FERC has filed six such separate actions in four different federal district courts as of the date of this writing.2 This increased frequency is not surprising given the higher stakes now involved.3 Particularly when coupled with the recent changes to FERC's substantive authority, however, the increasing number of judicial proceedings is exposing some novel and significant issues.
Control by reinforcers across time and space: A review of recent choice research
Authors: Cowie Sarah , Davison Michael
Published: March 2016

Reinforcers affect behavior. A fundamental assumption has been that reinforcers strengthen the behavior they follow, and that this strengthening may be context‐specific (stimulus control). Less frequently discussed, but just as evident, is the observation that reinforcers have discriminative properties that also guide behavior. We review findings from recent research that approaches choice using nontraditional procedures, with a particular focus on how choice is affected by reinforcers, by time since reinforcers, and by recent sequences of reinforcers. We also discuss how conclusions about these results are impacted by the choice of measurement level and display. Clearly, reinforcers as traditionally considered are conditionally phylogenetically important to animals. However, their effects on behavior may be solely discriminative, and contingent reinforcers may not strengthen behavior. Rather, phylogenetically important stimuli constitute a part of a correlated compound stimulus context consisting of stimuli arising from the organism, from behavior, and from physiologically detected environmental stimuli. Thus, the three‐term contingency may be seen, along with organismic state, as a correlation of stimuli. We suggest that organisms may be seen as natural stimulus‐correlation detectors so that behavioral change affects the overall correlation and directs the organism toward currently appetitive goals and away from potential aversive goals. As a general conclusion, both historical and recent choice research supports the idea that stimulus control, not reinforcer control, may be fundamental.
Epidemiology of rotavirus A diarrhea in Chókwè, Southern Mozambique, from February to September, 2011
Authors: Langa Jerónimo S. , Thompson Ricardo , Arnaldo Paulo , Resque Hugo Reis , Rose Tatiana , Enosse Sonia M. , Fialho Alexandre , de Assis Rosane Maria Santos , da Silva Marcelle Figueira Marques , Leite José Paulo Gagliardi
Published: March 2016

Acute diarrhea disease caused by Rotaviruses A (RVA) is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children ≤5 years old in developing countries. An exploratory cross‐sectional study was conducted between February and September, 2011 to determine the proportion of acute diarrhea caused by RVA. A total of 254 stool specimens were collected from children ≤5 years old with acute diarrhea, including outpatients (222 children) and inpatients (32 children), in three local health centers in Chókwè District, Gaza Province, South of Mozambique. RVA antigens were detected using enzyme immunoassay (EIA); the RVA G (VP7) and P (VP4) genotypes were determined by RT‐PCR or analysis sequencing. Sixty (24%) out of 254 fecal specimens were positive for RVA by EIA; being 58 (97%) from children ≤2 years of age. RVA prevalence peaks in June and July (coldest and drier months) and the G[P] binary combination observed were G12P[8] (57%); G1P[8] (9%); G12P[6] (6%); and 2% for each of the following genotypes: G1P[6], G2P[6] G4P[6], and G9P[8]. Non‐Typeable (NT) G and/or P genotypes were observed as follows: G12P [NT] (6%); G1P [NT], G3P[NT] and GNTP[NT] (4%). Considering the different GP combinations, G12 represented 67% of the genotypes. This is the first data showing the diversity of RVA genotypes in Mozambique highlighting the epidemiological importance of these viruses in acute diarrhea cases in children ≤2 years old. In addition, these findings will provide a baseline data before the introduction of the RVA monovalent (Rotarix®) vaccine in the National Immunization Program in September 2015. J. Med. Virol. 88:1751–1758, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Note on the Economic Performance of Territories
Authors: Sala‐i‐Martin Xavier
Published: March 2016

Research faces the challenge of harmonizing entrepreneurship research and the role of entrepreneurship and innovations as engines of territorial performance.
Listen up! Social media is about conversations … constantly
Authors: Talarico Donna
Published: March 2016

“What's your rate for posting to our Facebook page three times a week?” a potential client asked me recently. My many follow‐up questions to this gentleman revealed that he didn't have an overall strategy in place for how his company would use social media or how these efforts would complement its existing communications plan.
Establish a home for veterans on your campus through community
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: March 2016

Kevin Stevens loves being on a college campus. “You can have a strong debate in a classroom and later take that outside and be best friends with that same person,” Stevens said. “There are very few places in the work world where that situation replicates itself.”
Mass spectrometric real‐time monitoring of an enzymatic phosphorylation assay using internal standards and data‐handling freeware
Authors: Krappmann Michael , de Boer Arjen R. , Kool Daniël R.W. , Irth Hubertus , Letzel Thomas
Published: March 2016

Rationale

Continuous‐flow reaction detection systems (monitoring enzymatic reactions with mass spectrometry (MS)) lack quantitative values so far. Therefore, two independent internal standards (IS) are implemented in a way that the online system stability can be observed, quantitative conversion values for substrate and product can be obtained and they can be used as mass calibration standards for high MS accuracy.

Methods

An application previously developed for the MS detection of peptide phosphorylation by cAMP‐dependent protein kinase A (PKA) (De Boer et al., Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2005, 381, 647–655) was transferred to a continuous‐flow reaction detection system. This enzymatic reaction, involving enzyme activation as well as the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to a peptide substrate, was used to prove the compatibility of a quantitative enzymatic assay in a continuous‐flow real‐time system (connected to MS).

Results

Moreover (using internal standards), the critical parameter reaction temperature (including solution density variations depending on temperature) was studied in the continuous‐flow mixing system. Furthermore, two substrates (malantide and kemptide), two enzyme types (catalytic subunit of PKA and complete PKA) and one inhibitor were tested to determine system robustness and long‐term availability. Even spraying solutions that contained significant amount of MS contaminants (e.g. the polluted catalytic subunit) resulted in quantifiable MS signal intensities. Subsequent recalculations using the internal standards led to results representing the power of this application.

Conclusions

The presented methodology and the data evaluation with available Achroma freeware enable the direct coupling of biochemical assays with quantitative MS detection. Monitoring changes such as temperature, reaction time, inhibition, or compound concentrations can be observed quantitatively and thus enzymatic activity can be calculated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What Excites You? What Keeps You Going?
Authors: Whitt Elizabeth J. , Carnaghi Jill E.
Published: March 2016

Responses of student affairs leaders to questions about the opportunities and joy they find in their work are examined and discussed.
Integrative Learning: Making Liberal Education Purposeful, Personal, and Practical
Authors: Ferren Ann S. , Anderson Chad B.
Published: March 2016

This chapter explores three key features of integrative learning practice that play a vital role in fostering student success: guidance and support through critical transitions; entire development of the student; and engagement in project‐based learning that connects learning to complex, real‐world problems, and opportunities that can have practical application to careers and citizenship. The chapter focuses on examples from liberal arts colleges that can serve as models for any institution of higher learning.
Challenging the First Year of College: Old Models and New Imperatives
Authors: Mills Shala A. , Mehaffy George L.
Published: March 2016

This chapter argues that the first year of college needs to be reconsidered. The authors offer, as an alternative, a new kind of course, one created by groups of faculty members from different campuses, multidisciplinary in focus, delivered in a blended format, focused on civic outcomes, and intended primarily for first‐year students.
Why Higher Education: Lessons Learned in a Learner‐Centered College
Authors: Shugart Sanford C.
Published: March 2016

Based on a decade of consistently improving student outcomes at Valencia College, first winner of the Aspen Prize for Excellence in Community Colleges, five lessons for connecting student and institutional purpose are described. These include: a focus on what students really experience, understanding the college as a bridge and not a destination, building into the whole college six essential experiences every student requires to be successful beginning with a New Student Experience, and keeping the question of Who ahead of What in our designs for students seeking purpose.
Concluding Remarks
Authors: watts margit misangyi
Published: March 2016

In this chapter, the editor gives an overview of the preceding chapters, makes some suggestions for further work to be done, and reminds the reader about what is important regarding our work with students.
Go beyond articulation agreements to ensure smooth transfers for students
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: March 2016

HOLLYWOOD, FLA. — Articulation agreements are an important tool to help students transfer successfully. Effectively written agreements outline the pathway students need to follow to move from the two‐year to the four‐year institution without spending extra time and money on their degrees because of credit loss.
Study finds high rates of food, housing insecurity among community college students
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: March 2016

Fifty percent of all community college students in the nation are struggling with food and/or housing insecurity. That's according to a new study released by the Wisconsin Hope Lab and in partnership with the Healthy Minds Study, the Association of Community College Trustees and Single Stop.