bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desenho Curricular em Transformação: Considerações sobre as Instituições Escolares e Para Além Delas
Authors: Feldmann Marina Graziela , Masetto Marcos Tarciso
Published: June 2019

Este artigo procura trazer à consideração de nossos leitores algumas reflexões sobre a necessidade de se repensar os desenhos curriculares em nossas Instituições Educativas que, em sua maioria, ainda se mantêm com uma organização curricular de características denominadas tradicionais. Atualmente, tanto os autores que escrevem sobre o significado da educação escolar em nossa sociedade, como os especialistas em currículo alertam para a necessidade de se rever os nossos currículos escolares. É pauta obrigatória em muitos congressos e eventos educacionais. Na esteira dessas preocupações, trazemos hoje nossa colaboração. Para se tratar de transformação de um desenho curricular se faz necessário acordarmos sobre uma concepção de currículo, sua contextualização histórica, a redefinição e reorganização dos elementos que o compõem e as atuais demandas a que um currículo deverá responder. Neste artigo, procuraremos discutir dois aspectos que nos parecem conter especial relevância para o nosso tema: o primeiro diz respeito à concepção de currículo e seus desdobramentos; e o segundo, o docente e sua formação no redesenho curricular.
Meninos-Sombra: Foto-Fantasmagorias
Authors: Fernandes Renata Sieiro
Published: June 2019

Era tarde. O dia estava quente e os meninos e meninas foram juntos brincar. [...]
Conscientization of a Computer Curriculum: A Case Study of Community Computing Model in Bangalore, India
Authors: Byker Erik Jon
Published: June 2019

Paulo Freire (1998) posited that the road is made by walking on it. Encapsulated in this belief is the notion of constructivism, that people give meaning and purpose to things. Yet, Freire’s work was more than just about constructing meaning; his work centered on liberation through critical consciousness. Freire termed such critical consciousness as conscientization or conscientizao, which he describes as knowledge “that emerges only through invention and re-invention, through restless, impatient, continuing, hopeful inquiry that human beings pursue in the world, with the world, and with each other” (FREIRE, 1970, p. 58).In the current Digital and Information Age, information technology and computer provide a tremendous amount of knowledge. With just the click of the mouse, a person can video chat with another person living halfway around the world, explore stars and constellations, or just keep up-to-date about the futbol scores in Brazil. Computer technology, via the Internet, provides access to the pursuit of knowledge, but how can it be used for a hopeful inquiry? Indeed, what are the ways that people can use technological tools to also foster critical consciousness? This article takes up these questions.
Teorias Contemporâneas de Aprendizagem
Authors: Souza Lilian de
Published: June 2019

A obra reúne célebres teóricos da contemporaneidade que tratam, por meio de suas obras seminais, das questões que envolvem a aprendizagem, considerando-a como uma das capacidades mais básicas da vida humana. O livro compreende estudos atuais sobre a aprendizagem como a teoria da mente, as inteligências multiplas, a aprendizagem transformadora, a aprendizagem expansiva, a teoria biográfica da aprendizagem, entre outras, que estão reunidas no livro Teorias contemporâneas daaprendizagem, magistralmente organizado por Knud Illeris. Essas diversas vertentes vão além do pressuposto de que a aprendizagem é mera aquisição de conhecimento, sendo constituída de dimensões emocionais, sociais, culturais e contextuais da sociedade.Palavras-chave: Aprendizagem. Teorias contemporâneas. Vida humana. AbstractContemporary Theories of LearningThe work brings together famous theorists of contemporary, approaching issues that involve learning, considering it as one of the basic capabilities of human life. The book comprises modern research on learning as theory of mind, multiple intelligences, transformative learning, expansive learning, biographical theory, and others that are gathered in the book Contemporary theories of learning, masterfully arranged by Knud Illeris. These different aspects go beyond the assumption that learning is just acquiring knowledge, consisting of emotional, social, cultural and contextual dimensions of society.Keywords: Learning. Contemporary theories. Human life. ResumenLas teorías contemporáneas del aprendizajeLa obra reúne célebres teóricos de la contemporaneidad, para tratar de cuestiones que envuelven el aprendizaje, dado como una de las capacidades básicas de la vida humana. El libro comprende los modernos estudios sobre el aprendizaje como teoría de la mente, las inteligencias múltiples, el aprendizaje transformador, el aprendizaje expansivo, la teoría biográfica, entre otras que hacen parte del libro Teorías contemporáneas del aprendizaje, magistralmente organizado por Knud Illeris. Los diversos tratados sobresaltan el presupuesto de que el aprendizaje no es solo una adquisición de conocimiento, además constituida de dimensiones emocionales, sociales, culturales y contextuales de la sociedad.Palabras-clave: Aprendizaje.Teorías contemporáneas. Vida humana. Revisor do inglês: Prof. Ms. Wellington da Silva OliveiraRevisor do espanhol: Prof. Lilian de Souza
Camões e D. Sebastião
Authors: Barbosa Severino Antonio Moreira
Published: June 2019

Poemas portugueses
Authenticity Identification of the Traditional Chinese Herb Glycyrrhiza uralensis by Real-Time PCR and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification
Authors: Jia Tiantian , Han Dan , Ma Minmin , Jiang Dan , Huang Yaojiang
Published: June 2019

Background: Glycyrrhiza uralensis is a traditional Chinese herb, and sales volume of this herb is large. However, adulterant herbal materials threaten trade and consumer safety.
Methods：A rapid detection system for the identification of G. uralensis was established using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (Real-Time PCR). The DNA was extracted and the G. uralensis primers were designed. LAMP and Real-Time PCR were performed to assessment the specificity of primers in species. The sensitivity of LAMP and Real-Time PCR was contrast by diluting DNA concentration gradient from 101 ng/μL to 10-5 ng/μL.
Results: tThe results showed that LAMP and Real-Time PCR were specificity because G. uralensis were positive while similar species were not. The sensitivity of LAMP was similar to Real-Time PCR at DNA concentration of 10-4ng in 60 min. The results indicated that LAMP and Real-Time PCR are accurately, specificity and sensitivity in the Authenticity Identification of G. uralensis.
Conclusions: LAMP is less time-consuming, convenient, and does not require expensive equipment. Thus, these findings suggested that a method system and standard of traditional Chinese herb market supervision should be established based on a DNA barcode sequence and LAMP for authenticity identification.
Effects of fenclorim on rice physiology, gene transcription and pretilachlor detoxification ability
Authors: Hu Lifeng , Yao Ying , Cai Ruwen , Pan Lang , Liu Kailin , Bai Lianyang
Published: June 2019

Background

Fenclorim (Fen) can effectively protect rice from pretilachlor (Pre) injury, but its effects on rice have not been formally evaluated; thus, the Fen mode of action for alleviating the phytotoxicity caused by Pre in rice is not clear. This study aimed to examine the biochemical and physiological effects of Fen on rice and to determine the changes induced by Fen at the transcriptome level.

Result

The chlorophyll content of the rice plants was significantly affected by Pre but not by Fen. The impacts of the activity of oxidative stress enzymes showed that Fen did not elicit any changes in oxidative stress; however, it reduced lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage induced by Pre. Fen did not affect the uptake of Pre but did affect its persistence in rice. In a transcriptome study, Fen upregulated genes in the detoxification pathway. Overall, 25 genes related to detoxification were identified, including P450, GST, and GT. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis showed that four P450 genes, including CYP71Y83, CYP71K14, CYP734A2 and CYP71D55, and two GST genes, GSTU16 and GSTF1, were upregulated by Fen and/or Pre.

Conclusion

Our work indicates that Fen can act as an antioxidation defender in addition to enhancing the metabolism of herbicides in rice.
Intervention Effect of Team-Based Learning in Chinese Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Liao Yuexia , Han Ting , Wang Sumei , Jiang Ye , Yang Yiyun , Qu Jieling
Published: June 2019

Background:
Different education systems or cultural backgrounds may influence the effectiveness of various educational approaches. Little literature explores the effects of TBL on Chinese undergraduate nursing students.
Method: We implemented a quasi-experimental pre-/post-test quantitative and qualitative design to evaluate the intervention effect of TBL on undergraduate nursing students in eastern China.
Results: The results showed that a significant difference was identified, as the post-test scores were higher than pre-test scores on average level of the Chinese version of Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory, the General Self-efficacy Scale and the Academic Self-efficacy Scale. Also, TBL obtained positive reflection from the students and the Teaching Supervision Team. TBL stimulated the students’ learning interest and was well-accepted well by the nursing students.
Conclusion: TBL could be widely used in undergraduate nursing education.
Tomato glycosyltransferase Twi1 plays a role in flavonoid glycosylation and defence against virus
Authors: Campos Laura , López-Gresa María Pilar , Fuertes Diana , Bellés José María , Rodrigo Ismael , LIsón Purificación
Published: June 2019

Background: Secondary metabolites play an important role in the plant defensive response. They are produced as a defence mechanism against biotic stress by providing plants with antimicrobial and antioxidant weapons. In higher plants, the majority of secondary metabolites accumulate as glycoconjugates. Glycosylation is one of the commonest modifications of secondary metabolites, and is carried out by enzymes called glycosyltransferases.

Results: Here we provide evidence that the previously described tomato wound and pathogen-induced glycosyltransferase Twi1 displays in vitro activity toward the coumarins scopoletin, umbelliferone and esculetin, and the flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol, by uncovering a new role of this gene in plant glycosylation. To test its activity in vivo, Twi1-silenced transgenic tomato plants were generated and infected with Tomato spotted wilt virus. The Twi1-silenced plants showed a differential accumulation of Twi1 substrates and enhanced susceptibility to the virus.

Conclusions: Biochemical in vitro assays and transgenic plants generation proved to be useful strategies to assign a role of tomato Twi1 in the plant defence response. Twi1 glycosyltransferase showed to regulate quercetin and kaempferol levels in tomato plants, affecting plant resistance to viral infection.
Intern preparedness for the CanMEDS roles and the Dunning-Kruger effect: a survey
Authors: Prozesky Detlef Richard , Molwantwa Mmoloki Cornelius , Kebaetse Masego Baitseng , Nkomazana Oathokwa
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the first cohort of graduates from a new undergraduate medical programme in Botswana were adequately prepared for internship.
Methods
The authors surveyed 27 interns and 13 intern supervisors on site, who rated intern preparedness for 44 tasks using a previously validated instrument. Tasks were grouped according to the seven roles of the physician in the CanMEDS framework and Cronbach α values confirmed internal consistency. To determine the direction of differences between intern and supervisor ratings for tasks Likert scale ratings were treated as interval data and average scores calculated. Rating frequencies for each role were compared using the χ2 statistic. Reasons for differences between intern and supervisor ratings were explored by determining correlations between scores using the Pearson r statistic.
Results
Preparedness for all seven roles and the majority of tasks was found to be between ‘Fairly well prepared’ and ‘Well prepared’. The ratings for four roles (Medical expert, Communicator, Collaborator, Professional) differed statistically, but not for the three others (Leader, Health advocate, Scholar). Interns rated their proficiency higher than their supervisors for the tasks in six roles; for the ‘Professional’ role intern ratings were mostly lower. Correlations between intern and supervisors scores were only statistically significant for three roles (Medical expert, Communicator, Collaborator).
Conclusions
Intern preparedness for tasks and roles varied but was generally satisfactory. Based on the analysis of the data seeming discrepancies in between interns and supervisor ratings were investigated and explanations are offered. For three roles the data indicate that their component tasks are understood in the same way by interns and supervisors, but not for the other roles. The Dunning-Kruger effect offers a plausible explanation for higher intern scores for tasks in six of the roles. For the ‘Professional’ role differences between interns’ internal, individual understanding and supervisors’ external, group understanding may explain lower intern scores. The fact that respondents may understand the tasks they rate differently has implications for all research of this nature.
Study on barrel vibration characteristics of typical sniper rifle
Authors: Xu Ning , Guan Xiaorong , Liu Guoqing , Xu Cheng
Published: June 2019

The firing accuracy of sniper rifle is significantly affected by the barrel vibration induced by shooting load. The barrel vibration is an important parameter needing to be precisely controlled, whose measurement is less studied before. The vertical vibration characteristics of sniper rifle barrel is obtained for the duration of 500 ms with high speed photography system. Both the averaged vibration frequency and maximum amplitude of the measured muzzle are gained. It is found from the test that after the appearance of the maximum value, the vibration amplitude of the muzzle reduces with nearly fixed vibration frequency. In addition, the finite element model is conducted for the barrel vibration regarding sniper rifle. And then the natural frequency as well as the vibration reflection of the barrel under the effort of shooting load is calculated with the model. The model accuracy is well validated for the numerical results are substantially in line with the measurements.
Impact of seismic-type shock parameters on the soil-structure interaction effect in the USC mining region
Authors: Kuzniar Krystyna , Stec Krystyna , Tatara Tadeusz
Published: June 2019

The paper deals with seismic-type surface and building vibrations randomly occurring as a result of rockbursts in mining regions (random events as with earthquakes). The focus is on the problem of ground vibrations transmission to building foundation – it is one of very important phenomenon associated with soil-structure interaction effect. One of the ways of estimation of possible differences between simultaneously developing free-field vibrations next to a building and building foundation vibrations, i.e. using a ratio of response spectra (RRS), is applied to this study. Analysis concerns the ratio of dimensionless and dimensional acceleration response spectra (β and Sa) – denoted as RRS(β) and RRS(Sa), respectively. Horizontal vibrations parallel to the transverse (x) and longitudinal (y) axis of the representative (typical) two-storey, masonry office building are discussed. Calculations are based on the results of in situ surface vibration measurements performed in the seismically active Upper Silesian Coalfield (USC) mining area in Poland (long-term, full-scale monitoring). Evaluation of the dependence of the curves of ratio of response spectra on some parameters corresponding to mine-induced vibrations (i.e. epicentral distance, mining shock energy, peak value of free-field vibrations) is executed. From the obtained results, it can be definitely concluded that the influence of the most important mining tremor parameters (i.e. epicentral distance, mining shock energy, peak value of free-field vibrations) on the ratio of response spectra calculated in the successive ranges of these parameters, is clearly observed.
Complex condition monitoring for industrial equipment via remote strain gauge diagnostics and vibration isolating metamaterials
Authors: Valeev Anvar
Published: June 2019

Complex condition monitoring for industrial equipment is offered in this paper. The complex monitoring consists of three parts. The first part contains careful diagnostics of defects. It was greatly improved by using a new method of identification of excitation sources. This method is based on defect location with the help of remote strain gauge control and detects the exact coordinates of the detected defects. The second part covers vibration isolation of industrial equipment. For this purpose, metamaterials with quasi-zero stiffness are offered. They can almost totally isolate dynamic forces passing through them. The third part is dedicated to decrease oscillations of the equipment via dynamic absorbers. Their application can be improved by careful control of adjustment. It is offered to control the phase of oscillations on two ends of the spring.
Study on dynamic characteristics of silt solidified soil caused by train operation
Authors: Peng Hongwei , Cao Chaofeng
Published: June 2019

With the rapid development of railway construction, many railway projects often cross the soft ground. The initial water content of the silt is too high to be directly applied to the engineering practice. In order to improve the engineering property of the silt, the corresponding precipitation treatment measures should be taken according to the different initial water content of the silt to ensure the safety of the project. This article relying on Shilong railway freight yard container project that contain silt soil to conduct in situ curing technology research, the vibration response characteristics of the stabilized soil was studied before and after curing. The results showed that silt solidified soil has a significant attenuation effect on vibration energy. Increasing the proportion of curing agent can enhance the vibration isolation effect of silt solidified soil.
Time-frequency energy analysis of chaotic mechanical system affected by additive impulses
Authors: Kahar Hartiny , Sӧffker Dirk
Published: June 2019

Chaotic vibrations in elastic mechanical systems are not stationary. In the considered case a transient induced vibration is discussed. Here the energy is concentrated in different varying frequency ranges. This contribution considers an experimental investigation of jumping phenomena in this system under chaotic vibrations, driven by cart under harmonic excitation. Using this system, the data of jumping phenomenon during the chaotic vibration are collected and analyzed. Here, time-frequency energy method can effectively show the characteristics of energy in time domain and perform the component analysis in specific frequency range. Applying a comparative study of jumping phenomenon discussing different equilibria, frequency range recognition, and energy characterization, the jumping phenomenon of the pendulum signal induced by chaotic vibration is characterized. A state transition model is established. Further, an additive impulsive control on the elastic system is considered to validate the model.
Diesel engine combustion feature extraction based on time-frequency correlation
Authors: Jia Jide , Ren Gang , Mei Jianmin
Published: June 2019

The use of diesel cylinder head vibration signal for fault diagnosis must eliminate signal interference non-periodic and random components. The periodic components related to the working cycle of the diesel engine are retained, so as to achieve the purpose of fault feature extraction. A time-frequency correlation-based diesel engine fault feature extraction method is proposed in this paper. First, the Wavelet transform is applied to the vibration signals of diesel engines collected in three continuous working cycles to realize the time-frequency distribution of the signals. Then three time-frequency distributions are estimated by cross-correlation, so as to eliminate noise interference and extract periodic transient characteristics. The experimental results of simulation signals and real signals show that this method can effectively extract the periodic transient impact characteristics of diesel engines.
Recommendations for improving the ﬁnancial support of municipalities in the russian federation
Authors: Balynin I. V.
Published: June 2019

The relevance of the study is due to the presence of problems in the management of municipal ﬁnances and the need to identify ways to solve them. The purpose of the study is to formulate a set of recommendations that will make it possible to achieve improved ﬁnancial support for municipalities in the current socio-economic conditions as a basis for ensuring their development and improving the quality of life of the population. Materials and research methods. The research uses oﬃcial Federal Treasury data for 2015-2017, the processing of which was carried out using such methods as analysis, synthesis, a set of graphical tools for presenting results. Results. According to the results of the study, author’s recommendations were formulated for improving the ﬁnancial support of municipalities in the Russian Federation. Conclusion The results of the study are recommended to be practically introduced into the management of all municipal entities in the Russian Federation, as well as to be used by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation to develop relevant guidelines.
State management of scientiﬁc and scientiﬁc-technical activity in the Russian Federation on the example of the preparation and adoption of the system of scientiﬁc specialties
Authors: Omel’chenko V. V.
Published: June 2019

This article is a further continuation of the work on the review of the foundations of public administration of the use of national resources in relation to the ﬁeld of scientiﬁc and state scientiﬁc and technical activities in the Russian Federation. The basic functions of the state management of scientiﬁc and technical activity are considered from the system positions, the analysis of the existing legal regulation of preparation and acceptance of system of scientiﬁc specialties on which scientiﬁc degrees are awarded is carried out, system shortcomings of the approved nomenclature of scientific specialties on which scientiﬁc degrees are awarded are revealed. The substantiation of the classiﬁcation system for “Nomenclature of scientiﬁc specialties for which scientiﬁc degrees are awarded” is carried out.
Macroeconomic problems of the oil-exporting countries in the conditions of instability on the world market
Authors: Gukasyan G. L.
Published: June 2019

Macroeconomic problems of the oil-exporting countries, determined by the instability on the world oil market are still a signiﬁcant factor aﬀecting the development and socio-economic situation in this group of states and their economic policies. This is especially pronounced in the context of falling world oil prices, when for oil-exporting countries the question of restructuring the economic structure dependent on the oil factor arises with particular urgency. However, the global system of international division of labor imposes serious structural constraints on opportunities and rates of structural economic reforms. At the same time, despite the peculiarities and diversity of the manifestations of macroeconomic problems in various oil exporting countries under the ﬂuctuations in the oil market conditions, similar diﬃculties in the ﬁeld of ﬁnancial, economic, structural and foreign economic policies are manifested.
BMI, Weight Change, and Dementia Risk in Patients With New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Nam Ga Eun , Park Yong Gyu , Han Kyungdo , Kim Mee Kyoung , Koh Eun Sil , Kim Eun Sook , Lee Min-Kyung , Kim Bongsung , Hong Oak-Kee , Kwon Hyuk-Sang
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVE

This study examined the association between baseline BMI, percentage weight change, and the risk of dementia in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Using the South Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort database, we identified 167,876 subjects aged ≥40 years diagnosed with new-onset type 2 diabetes between 2007 and 2012. Their weight changes were monitored for ∼2 years after diagnosis, with follow-up assessments occurring for an average of 3.5 years. The hazard ratios (HRs) and Bonferroni-adjusted 95% CIs of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD), and vascular dementia were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models.

RESULTS

We identified 2,563 incident dementia cases during follow-up. Baseline BMI among patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes was inversely associated with the risk of all-cause dementia and AD, independent of confounding variables (P for trend <0.001). The percentage weight change during the 2 years after a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes showed significant U-shaped associations with the risk of all-cause dementia development (P < 0.001); the HRs of the disease increased significantly when weight loss or gain was >10% (1.34 [95% CI 1.11–1.63] and 1.38 [1.08–1.76], respectively). Additionally, weight loss >10% was associated with an increased risk of AD (HR 1.26 [95% CI 1.01–1.59]).

CONCLUSIONS

A lower baseline BMI was associated with increased risks of all-cause dementia and AD in patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes. Weight loss or weight gain after the diagnosis of diabetes was associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia. Weight loss was associated with an increased risk of AD.
Regression to Normal Glucose Regulation in American Indians and Alaska Natives of a Diabetes Prevention Program
Authors: Pratte Katherine A. , Johnson Ann , Beals Janette , Bullock Ann , Manson Spero M. , Jiang Luohua ,   and the Special Diabetes Program for Indians Diabetes Prevention Program
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVE

This study evaluated whether regression from impaired glucose regulation (IGR) to normal glucose regulation (NGR) after 1 year of a lifestyle intervention reduces diabetes risk in American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs). In addition, we sought to identify predictors for regression to NGR and understand possible mechanisms for the association between NGR and future diabetes risk.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Data from participants enrolled from 2006 to 2009 in the Special Diabetes Program for Indians Diabetes Prevention Program with IGR at baseline and an oral glucose tolerance test at year 1 were analyzed (N = 1,443). Cox regression models were used to estimate the subsequent diabetes risk (year 1 to year 3) by year 1 glucose status. Mediation analysis was used to estimate the proportions of the association between year 1 glycemic status and diabetes risk explained by specific factors.

RESULTS

Those who reverted to NGR at year 1 (38%) had lower diabetes risk than those with sustained IGR (adjusted hazard ratio 0.28, 95% CI 0.12–0.67). The lower risk associated with regression to NGR was explained by both baseline risk factors and differences in weight loss. Metformin use, weight loss, and an increase in exercise were modifiable risk factors associated with higher odds of regression to NGR.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with prediabetes who reverted to NGR had a reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes over the next 2 years. Both baseline and modifiable risk factors explained the risk reduction associated with NGR.
Exploring Patient Preferences for Adjunct-to-Insulin Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Perkins Bruce A. , Rosenstock Julio , Skyler Jay S. , Laffel Lori M. , Cherney David Z. , Mathieu Chantal , Pang Christianne , Wood Richard , Kinduryte Ona , George Jyothis T. , Marquard Jan , Soleymanlou Nima
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVE

While sodium–glucose cotransporter inhibitor (SGLTi) therapy has been evaluated in type 1 diabetes (T1D) trials, patient reactions to benefits and risks are unknown. Using established methodology, we evaluated patient preferences for different adjunct-to-insulin therapy options in T1D.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

An online survey, completed by 701 respondents with T1D (231 U.S., 242 Canada, and 228 Germany), used conjoint analysis to present six hypothetical, masked, pairwise drug profile choices composed of different benefit-risk attributes and effect ranges. Data used in analyses were derived from actual phase 3 trials of a low-dose SGLTi (comparable to oral empagliflozin 2.5 mg q.d.), a high-dose SGLTi (comparable to oral sotagliflozin 400 mg q.d.), and an available adjunct-to-insulin therapy (comparable to subcutaneous pramlintide 60 μg t.i.d.).

RESULTS

Conjoint analysis identified diabetic ketoacidosis risk as most important to patients (23% relative score; z test, P < 0.05); ranked second were HbA1c reduction (14%), risk of severe hypoglycemia (13%), oral versus injectable treatment (12%), and risk of genital infection (12%). Next was risk of nausea (11%), followed by weight reduction (8%) and the risk of diarrhea (7%). A low-dose SGLTi drug profile was identified by conjoint analysis as the top patient preference (83% of participants; z test, P < 0.05) versus high-dose SGLTi (8%) or pramlintide (9%). Separate from conjoint analysis, when respondents were asked to choose their preferred adjunct-to-insulin therapy (masked to drug name/dose), 69%, 17%, 6%, and 9% of respondents chose low-dose SGLTi, high-dose SGLTi, pramlintide, and insulin therapy alone, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Low-dose SGLTi profile was the favored adjunct-to-insulin therapy by persons with T1D.
Controversies for Glucose Control Targets in Type 2 Diabetes: Exposing the Common Ground
Authors: Home Philip
Published: June 2019

Glycated hemoglobin targets have been given in guidelines for the last three decades, mostly without change at around 6.5–7.0% (47–53 mmol/mol). Personalization of such targets has also long been advocated, but often with little and inappropriate guidance. More recently some have suggested higher targets might be indicated, and more specifically lower targets avoided, even in those in whom they are easily attained without seeming burden or risk. Prospective data from randomized and observational studies, in people with type 2 diabetes and indeed those without diabetes, find cardiovascular and mortality risk are uniformly lowest at lower levels including into the normal range. In some studies with large populations, a high proportion of people are found to attain such levels, and the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) and more recent studies appear to confirm the importance of starting low and continuing long. Studies of cardiovascular events and mortality in people with diabetes will already factor in any effect of hypoglycemia, which therefore should not be double-counted in setting targets. Nevertheless, some factors should lead to modification of target levels, and these will include experience of hypoglycemia where therapy change and glucose monitoring cannot ameliorate it and sometimes prospectively in those at social or occupational risk. The fact that clinical experience will modify targets emphasizes that targets will not be stable over time but will change, for example, with occurrence of adverse events or perceptions of increase/decreased burden of therapy. The evidence suggests that glucose control takes 5 years or more to have any impact on vascular outcomes or mortality, so targets may also be higher in those with shorter life expectancy or higher health burden or simply reflect individual preferences. This article discusses the evidence behind these conclusions.
Clinical Targets for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data Interpretation: Recommendations From the International Consensus on Time in Range
Authors: Battelino Tadej , Danne Thomas , Bergenstal Richard M. , Amiel Stephanie A. , Beck Roy , Biester Torben , Bosi Emanuele , Buckingham Bruce A. , Cefalu William T. , Close Kelly L. , Cobelli Claudio , Dassau Eyal , DeVries J. Hans , Donaghue Kim C. , Dovc Klemen , Doyle Francis J. , Garg Satish , Grunberger George , Heller Simon , Heinemann Lutz , Hirsch Irl B. , Hovorka Roman , Jia Weiping , Kordonouri Olga , Kovatchev Boris , Kowalski Aaron , Laffel Lori , Levine Brian , Mayorov Alexander , Mathieu Chantal , Murphy Helen R. , Nimri Revital , Nørgaard Kirsten , Parkin Christopher G. , Renard Eric , Rodbard David , Saboo Banshi , Schatz Desmond , Stoner Keaton , Urakami Tatsuiko , Weinzimer Stuart A. , Phillip Moshe
Published: June 2019

Improvements in sensor accuracy, greater convenience and ease of use, and expanding reimbursement have led to growing adoption of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). However, successful utilization of CGM technology in routine clinical practice remains relatively low. This may be due in part to the lack of clear and agreed-upon glycemic targets that both diabetes teams and people with diabetes can work toward. Although unified recommendations for use of key CGM metrics have been established in three separate peer-reviewed articles, formal adoption by diabetes professional organizations and guidance in the practical application of these metrics in clinical practice have been lacking. In February 2019, the Advanced Technologies & Treatments for Diabetes (ATTD) Congress convened an international panel of physicians, researchers, and individuals with diabetes who are expert in CGM technologies to address this issue. This article summarizes the ATTD consensus recommendations for relevant aspects of CGM data utilization and reporting among the various diabetes populations.
Authors: Huda Miftahul
Published: June 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi dakwah Nahdlatul Ulama terhadap toleransi beragama di Jepara. Dalam penelitian ini, strategi yang digunakan oleh Nahdlatul Ulama berbasis pada teori perubahan, artinya mengupayakan adanya ruang penguatan dan penerimaan kelompok agama dan kepercayaan lokal yang mendapatkan perlakuan diskriminasi, dan intoleransi melalui sistem peringatan dan tanggap dini konflik, penguatan kapasitas mediasi, dan upaya pemenuhan pemberdayaan ekonomi. Bentuk kegiatan dalam mengkampanyekan toleransi beragama yang dilakukan oleh Nahdlatul Ulama adalah menggunakan strategi partisipatoris melalui pendekatan edukasi, kultural, mediasi, advokasi kebijakan dan pendampingan Kelompok Perempuan Cahaya Mandiri. Dalam metode programnya, Nahdlatul Ulama mengutamakan diskusi, serta kolaborasi antara hikmah dan mawi§ah ¥asanah, artinya menyesuaikan dengan kondisi zaman dan dikemas dengan upaya memotivasi, mengarahkan untuk mencapai tujuan bersama dengan metode dan pendekatan yang digunakan.
Effectiveness of plyometric exercises to improve muscular strength and digital achievement for students in shot put
Authors: Mustapha Belaidouni , Houcine Benzidane , Touati Ahmed Benklaouz
Published: June 2019

To identify the effectiveness of plyometric exercises to improve muscular strength and achievement in shot put event by students (20-22 years old). The researchers used an experimental method; the sample was formed by students belonging to the institute of physical education & sports, University of Mostaganem (Algeria). Thus it was the application of the experimental method was applied on a sample of third-year students (males) of 45 students divided into two groups, first control group of 22 students and an experimental group of 23 students. While the tests used were (strength test, achievement test). After the treatment of the results by statistical means, and through these results it have been reached several conclusions of them, plyometric Exercises to develop muscular strength and achievement in shot put [discussion significant difference (*p≤0.05)]. And best improve of the experimental sample based on plyometric exercises compared to the control sample, which rely more on the technical side only in shot put event.
Hubungan Pendidikan dan Daya Saing Bangsa
Authors: Amirudin Muhamad Faizul
Published: June 2019

This paper aims to find out how the relationship between education and national competitiveness. Because from the results of a survey conducted by The Global Compliance Report the position of the competitiveness of the Indonesian nation always rises down from year to year. By looking at the various data, is there an educational factor that determines the position of national competitiveness. From the results of several documents and articles both journals and books it turns out that one of the pillars of the nation's competitiveness is education. Education is one of the efforts of a nation in improving the quality of its human resources. So to improve the quality of human beings is also required to make improvements to equitable education and quality of education. Because education is what will make qualified human beings a driver of national development towards a nation that has high competitiveness.
Pengaruh Penerapan Syariat Islam Sebagai Preferensi Orang Tua di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah dalam Memilih Lembaga Pendidikan Formal (Study Deskriptif Komparatif: Sekolah Umum, Madrasah dan Pesantren)
Authors: Daulay Leni Agustina , Fitri Aida
Published: June 2019

This research aims to know the influence of the application of the Shariah as the preferences of older people in Central Aceh in choosing formal education instutions. This research is quantitative descriptive research. The results of this research show that the factor knowledge of parents reagarding Islamic Jurisrudence and its application as well as economic, educational background of parents dealing with the positive decision of the parents send the children in public school, boarding schools and madrasah in Central Aceh. The next factor is the parents knowledge about Islamic Jurisrudence and its application as well as economic, educational background of parents can explain its effect on the dependent variable i.e. decisions parents send children in public school, boarding schools and madrasah. Based on the test silmutaneously demonstrated knowledge factors parents regarding Islamic Jurisrudence and its application as well as educational background, economically significant influential parents against decisions parents send children in public school, boarding schools and madrasah in Central Aceh. Then test the partial basis for each variable that is knowledge og the elderly on Islamic Jurisrudence and its application as well as educational background, economically significant influential parents against decisions parents send children at public school, boarding schools and madrasah in Central Aceh.
Kualitas Fisik dan Kimia Buah Jambu ‘Kristal’ pada Letak Cabang yang Berbeda
Authors: Rustani Dona , Susanto Slamet
Published: June 2019

Jambu biji kultivar kristal merupakan salah satu buah yang memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi di Indonesia. Kualitas buah dipengaruhi posisi buah dalam kanopi. Penelititan ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kualitas fisik dan kimia buah pada tunas yang muncul pada cabang primer, sekunder dan tersier. Percobaan berlokasi di Kebun Percobaan Cikabayan, IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Jawa Barat dan Laboratorium Pascapanen Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura dari bulan Februari hingga Juli 2017 menggunakan tanaman jambu ‘Kristal’ berumur 4 tahun. Percobaan ini menggunakan metode Rancangan  Acak  Lengkap (RAL) dengan satu faktor yaitu letak buah pada tunas dari cabang primer (C1), cabang sekunder (C2) dan cabang tersier (C3) dengan 5 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa letak cabang tidak berpengaruh terhadap semua parameter pengamatan kualitas fisik dan kimia (diameter buah, bobot buah, kelunakan buah, kemulusan buah, PTT dan TAT). Terdapat kecenderungan pada buah yang muncul pada tunas yang muncul dari cabang primer dan cabang sekunder memiliki bobot dan diameter yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan cabang tersier.
Pengendalian Gulma pada Perkebunan Karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg.) di Gurach Batu Estate, Asahan, Sumatera Utara
Authors: Nugraha Parid Ridwan , Zaman Sofyan
Published: June 2019

Kegiatan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendokumentasikan jenis gulma yang tumbuh di bawah tegakan tanaman karet yang berbeda umur dan bagaimana manajemen pengendalian yang efektif.  Kegiatan berlangsung dari Februari – Mei 2015 di Gurach Batu Estate, Asahan, Sumatera Utara. Pengamatan vegetasi gulma dilakukan dengan analisis vegetasi pada 13 blok dengan 13 tahun tanam yang berbeda untuk mendapatkan nisbah jumlah dominan (NJD) dan koefisien komunitas. Pengamatan lain adalah teknik pengendalian gulma, serta efektifitas dan efisisensi pengendaliannya. Data gulma dianalisis menggunakan nisbah jumlah dominan (NJD), sedangkan pengamatan lain dianalisis secara deskriftif. Hasil pengamatan menun jukan bahwa gulma yang dominan di GBE adalah Mucuna bracteata, Diplazium asperum, Selaginella deoderleinii, Nephrolepis bisserata. Manejemen pengendalian gulma dilakukan secara manual, kimiawi dan kultur teknis.
Korelasi Dosis Pemupukan Nitrogen terhadap Produktivitas dan Rendemen Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.)
Authors: Magandi Fitri Isnaini , Purwono .
Published: June 2019

Petani tebu dibeberapa tempat memberi tambahan dosis pemupukan melebihi dosis rekomendasi pemupukan setempat, khususnya ZA, untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan rendemen tebu. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui korelasi dosis pemupukan N-total yang diterapkan petani dengan produktivitas dan rendemen. Kegiatan penelitian dilakukan pada 4 Februari 2018 hingga 5 juni 2018 di PG Kebon Agung, Malang-Jawa Timur. Kajian dilakukan dengan menghitung produktivitas dan pengukuran brix. Rekomendasi dosis pupuk N-total yang digunakan yaitu 186 kg ha-1 dan rekomendasi dosis pupuk N-total dari pabrik gula sebanyak 228 kg ha-1. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata pemupukan N-total petani wilayah utara sebesar 274.8 kg ha-1 sedangkan wilayah selatan menggunakan dosis pupuk N-total sebesar 421.5 kg ha-1. Uji korelasi menunjukkan bahwa pupuk N berkorelasi nyata dengan produktivitas dan tidak berkorelasi nyata dengan rendemen tebu. Jaminan bagi hasil gula yang diterapkan oleh pabrik mendorong petani untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dengan cara penambahan dosis pemupukan tanpa memperhatikan rendemen tebu.
Исследование in vitro влияния скорости потока на аэродинамические показатели дозированного аэрозольного ингалятора «Кромоспир»
Authors: Нездольева Мария Владимировна , Сулейманов Р. Р. , Попова О. А. , Ларионова С. Г. , Победин О. А. , Трухачева Л. А.
Published: June 2019

Изучено влияние изменения скорости потока на аэродинамическое распределение частиц дозированного аэрозольного ингалятора (ДАИ) «Кромоспир» с использованием каскадного импактора Андерсена (КИА) в стандартной конфигурации, предназначенной для анализа при скорости потока 28,3 л/мин, и в модифицированной конфигурации, предназначенной для анализа при скорости потока 60 л/мин. Показано, что изменение скорости потока воздуха, проходящего через импактор, приводит к изменению профиля аэродинамического распределения частиц и значений респирабельной фракции аэрозоля. Рекомендовано при разработке методик оценки качества аэрозолей, а также in vitro сравнении эффективности ДАИ, проведение исследований аэродинамических свойств аэрозолей с моделированием вдоха пациента при различных скоростях потока воздуха.
Dinamika Pedagang Kaki Lima Islam Di Tengah-Tengah Mayoritas Kristen
Authors: Hutapea Rinto Hasiholan
Published: June 2019

This paper examines the problem of the dynamics of living conditions of Muslim street vendors in the midst of a Christian majority community in Kupang city. Muslim street vendors in question is a seller of green bean porridge along the road El Tari Kupang city. The research findings show that the root of the problem experienced by Muslim street vendors is the social jealousy shown by the Christian street vendors who are also along the road of El Tari Kupang city. This social jealousy occurs because Christian street vendors see that Muslim street vendors are more successful and successful than they are. Social jealousy extends to racial, ethnic, and religious issues. So that affects the problem of tolerance and harmony of religious people. This research is qualitative. The method used is case study. Data were collected by using in-depth interview technique, observation, and literature study. The conclusion in this study is that Muslim street vendors who previously experienced anxiety and inconvenience in trade, now become comfortable and not experiencing conflict again. Problems and conflicts can be overcome when the government, religious leaders, and the community perform their role well in realizing the harmony and harmony of religious communities.
From Employment Optional to “Employment First”: Explaining Two Cases of State-level Disability Policy Change
Authors: Giordono Leanne
Published: June 2019

Under the label “Supported Employment,” services that promote competitive, integrated employment (CIE) for working-age adult with intellectual and developmental disabilities have been federally funded since the 1980s, alongside other more traditional day habilitation and segregated or sub-minimum wage employment services. However, since the early 2000s, over 30 states have adopted “Employment First” policy, prioritizing competitive, integrated employment (CIE) as the preferred outcome, and in some states, restricting alternative service options. And while disability researchers have made a considerable effort to understand system-level determinants of participation in CIE-focused services, little attention has been paid to the political factors driving these major changes in the overall policy mix. Moreover, the Employment First changes, which have attracted little public attention or controversy, vary considerably across states in timing, form and content, leading to the study’s main research questions: 1) what do these policy changes look like; and 2) how can we explain both the occurrence of major policy changes and the variations in timing? The study uses primary and extant data in a two-case comparative approach, finding that major shifts in the policy mix were associated with similar combinations of subsystem attention and coalition-based activity, including stakeholder mobilization and strategic use of framing and narrative, as well as heightened political attention and bureaucrat advocacy. Moreover, the timing differences are related to coalition defection by members of the service provider community and high pre-existing participation in supported employment services, which suggest a degree of path dependence in observed policy changes.