bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN ANOMALOUS COMPOSITION IN SLOW SOLAR WIND AS A SIGNATURE OF MAGNETIC RECONNECTION IN ITS SOURCE REGION
Authors: Zhao L. , Landi E. , Lepri S. T. , Kocher M. , Zurbuchen T. H. , Fisk L. A. , Raines J. M.
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we study a subset of slow solar winds characterized by an anomalous charge state composition and ion temperatures compared to average solar wind distributions, and thus referred to as an “Outlier” wind. We find that although this wind is slower and denser than normal slow wind, it is accelerated from the same source regions (active regions and quiet-Sun regions) as the latter and its occurrence rate depends on the solar cycle. The defining property of the Outlier wind is that its charge state composition is the same as that of normal slow wind, with the only exception being a very large decrease in the abundance of fully charged species (He2+, C6+, N7+, O8+, Mg12+), resulting in a significant depletion of the He and C element abundances. Based on these observations, we suggest three possible scenarios for the origin of this wind: (1) local magnetic waves preferentially accelerating non-fully stripped ions over fully stripped ions from a loop opened by reconnection; (2) depleted fully stripped ions already contained in the corona magnetic loops before they are opened up by reconnection; or (3) fully stripped ions depleted by Coulomb collision after magnetic reconnection in the solar corona. If any one of these three scenarios is confirmed, the Outlier wind represents a direct signature of slow wind release through magnetic reconnection.
First Scattered-light Images of the Gas-rich Debris Disk around 49 Ceti
Authors: Choquet Élodie , Milli Julien , Wahhaj Zahed , Soummer Rémi , Roberge Aki , Augereau Jean-Charles , Booth Mark , Absil Olivier , Boccaletti Anthony , Chen Christine H. , Debes John H. , Burgo Carlos del , Dent William R. F. , Ertel Steve , Girard Julien H. , Gofas-Salas Elena , Golimowski David A. , González Carlos A. Gómez , Hagan J. Brendan , Hibon Pascale , Hines Dean C. , Kennedy Grant M. , Lagrange Anne-Marie , Matrà Luca , Mawet Dimitri , Mouillet David , N’Diaye Mamadou , Perrin Marshall D. , Pinte Christophe , Pueyo Laurent , Rajan Abhijith , Schneider Glenn , Wolff Schuyler , Wyatt Mark
Published: January 2017

We present the first scattered-light images of the debris disk around 49 Ceti, a ∼40 Myr A1 main-sequence star at 59 pc, famous for hosting two massive dust belts as well as large quantities of atomic and molecular gas. The outer disk is revealed in reprocessed archival Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS-F110W images, as well as new coronagraphic H-band images from the Very Large Telescope SPHERE instrument. The disk extends from 1.″1 (65 au) to 4.″6 (250 au) and is seen at an inclination of 73°, which refines previous measurements at lower angular resolution. We also report no companion detection larger than 3 M
Jup at projected separations beyond 20 au from the star (0.″34). Comparison between the F110W and H-band images is consistent with a gray color of 49 Ceti’s dust, indicating grains larger than ≳2 μm. Our photometric measurements indicate a scattering efficiency/infrared excess ratio of 0.2–0.4, relatively low compared to other characterized debris disks. We find that 49 Ceti presents morphological and scattering properties very similar to the gas-rich HD 131835 system. From our constraint on the disk inclination we find that the atomic gas previously detected in absorption must extend to the inner disk, and that the latter must be depleted of CO gas. Building on previous studies, we propose a schematic view of the system describing the dust and gas structure around 49 Ceti and hypothetical scenarios for the gas nature and origin.
Agricultures et villes : des articulations renouvelées
Authors: Le Caro Yvon , Jousseaume Valérie , Poulot Monique , Rouget Nicolas
Published: January 2017

Discipline-clef dans la géographie vidalienne au temps de l’agricolisation des campagnes, la géographie rurale a dû renouveler ses cadres d’analyse avec l’urbanisation des campagnes. Le concept de ressource territoriale autour duquel elle s’organise aujourd’hui permet notamment de penser de nouvelles articulations villes-campagne-agriculture. L’enjeu est désormais de scruter les manifestations d’une deuxième renaissance rurale où les agriculteurs et l’agriculture, en tant qu’acteurs des territoires, substituent à des formes d’acculturation une dynamique proactive de construction des relations ville-campagne ainsi que le montrent les cinq articles réunis dans ce dossier « Agricultures et villes ». Cette introduction relève leurs apports méthodologiques (phénoménologie, réseau, inversions de perspectives) et thématiques (publicisation, alimentation). La continuelle adaptation de l’agriculture aux attentes urbaines évolue d’un contexte de domination vers la construction de transactions, posant la question de son irréductibilité au monde urbain. Agricultures et campagnes semblent plus que jamais en situation de renouveler leur inscription dans la société globale.
Inscriptions spatiales de l’urbanité en campagne : une approche topologique de l’expérience des agriculteurs dans l’ouest de la France
Authors: Le Caro Yvon
Published: January 2017

L’article interroge la manière dont l’agriculture, l’espace agricole et les agriculteurs et agricultrices perçoivent et intègrent les processus d’urbanisation. Au-delà du lien entre urbanisation et modernisation des campagnes, l’urbanisation s’y présente aujourd’hui comme un triple processus d’expansion spatiale (pas exclusivement dans l’espace périurbain), de renouvellement des populations (avec l’arrivée de nouveaux voisins) et d’urbanisation des esprits (y compris ceux des agriculteurs). Les agriculteurs intègrent ces évolutions dans le contexte de leurs filières mais aussi en terme d’externalités agricoles et d’externalités urbaines, et ce de manière très individualisée. Des entretiens « bottes aux pieds » conduits sur 13 exploitations en Normandie, Bretagne et Poitou-Charentes permettent de noter une variété d’interactions agri-urbaines, de les catégoriser, de localiser ces interactions dans le parcellaire d’une exploitation et de proposer l’analyse topologique d’une situation d’éleveur irrigant qui souligne les potentialités de l’analyse géographique des interactions agri-urbaines à l’échelle fine.
La publicisation des espaces agricoles périurbains dans le Lunellois, Languedoc. Un cadre d’analyse en géographie
Authors: Clément Camille , Soulard Christophe-Toussaint
Published: January 2017

La publicisation des espaces désigne le processus par lequel des espaces, qu’ils soient publics ou privés, urbains ou ruraux, sont pratiqués par de multiples acteurs pour en faire des espaces d’usage. Bien renseigné à l’échelle locale dans la littérature sur les espaces urbains, il n’a été étudié qu’à une échelle nationale pour les campagnes. À partir d’une étude de cas, cet article propose une grille d’analyse de la publicisation des espaces agricoles périurbains à l’échelle locale. La publicisation se décline en trois axes (le débat public, les politiques publiques et les pratiques spatiales) étudiés à deux échelles spatiales (le territoire et le lieu) suivant cinq dimensions d’analyse (le juridique, le social, le politique, l’historique et l’économique). L’étude du Pays du Lunel, France, permet de décrypter le processus de publicisation à partir de l’étude de la politique intercommunale en faveur de l’agriculture et de l’analyse des pratiques spatiales des habitants. L’utilisation de la grille d’analyse met à jour de nouvelles formes d’hybridation entre ville et campagne qui interrogent la notion d’espace public en périurbain.
Les réseaux d’agriculteurs biologiques : des incubateurs d’innovation dans les campagnes périurbaines suédoises
Authors: Hochedez Camille
Published: January 2017

Les campagnes périurbaines européennes sont le lieu privilégié où se développent des innovations dans le champ agricole et social autour des valeurs environnementales et de durabilité. La figure du réseau est devenue un mode de diffusion majeur de ces innovations. À partir du cas des réseaux d’agriculteurs biologiques dans la Région métropolitaine de Stockholm, l’étude analyse les logiques de diffusion de l’agriculture biologique, considérée comme une innovation, en mobilisant la théorie de l’acteur-réseau. Les résultats montrent que l’organisation en réseau soutient des pratiques agricoles et sociales innovantes en apportant une plus-value économique et surtout sociale, mais qu’elle peine encore, par son caractère marginal, à fédérer réellement les agriculteurs et à redéfinir la qualité agroalimentaire sur une base territoriale locale. D’autres logiques, comme le voisinage ou des mouvements locaux, interviennent alors pour expliquer la diffusion de l’agriculture biologique.
Qualité et proximité dans l’approvisionnement de la restauration collective en Sarthe (France) : jeux d’acteurs entre volontés et réalités territoriales
Authors: Gatien-Tournat Amandine , Fortunel Frédéric , Noël Julien
Published: January 2017

À la suite des objectifs ambitieux fixés par le « Grenelle de l’environnement », les acteurs des territoires se sont organisés autour des enjeux de reterritorialisation et d’écologisation de l’alimentation à destination de la restauration collective. Cependant, ils n’ont souvent retenu qu’un aspect, entre l’agriculture biologique et le local, entretenant une confusion qui permet à chacun de se positionner. La recherche présentée ici porte sur les initiatives sarthoises de fourniture de produits locaux et de qualité à la restauration collective depuis la fin des années 2000 ; elle met en évidence les jeux d’acteurs et les rapports de force non seulement entre ville et campagne mais aussi entre des formes d’agricultures dont les qualités et les proximités sont à géométrie variable. Parmi ces initiatives, un projet ambitieux de fourniture de légumes bio locaux a retenu notre attention dans la mesure où il éclaire comment les autres acteurs du territoire se sont positionnés, selon un gradient proximité-qualité. Après une première partie qui présente les différentes facettes de l’engouement porté à ces pratiques, la deuxième partie analyse dans le cas du département de la Sarthe comment des volontés pionnières territoriales en faveur de l’agriculture biologique locale ont finalement abouti à des concrétisations peu exigeantes. Une discussion conclut l’article sur la difficulté d’activation des quatre dimensions de la proximité dans cette initiative.
La « boutique » dans le Paris du xix siècle
Authors: Démier Francis
Published: January 2017

La « boutique » dans le Paris du xix     siècle, loin d’être sur la défensive, participe de la dynamique d’une capitale où la dérégulation est favorable à l’installation, le plus souvent au moment du mariage. L’indépendance économique distingue le « petit commerce » des classes populaires, mais l’entreprise reste partagée entre une plèbe boutiquière dont l’avoir est entièrement mobilisé par les contraintes immédiates du « métier » et une autre strate plus proche de la bourgeoisie et capable de profiter des effets de la mode, de réseaux familiaux plus cohérents et d’apports financiers plus diversifiés. Après un âge d’or contemporain du Paris d’Haussmann, la boutique subit durement la crise de fin de siècle et l’apparition des grands magasins. Mais le commerce de luxe se maintient alors que progresse fortement une boutique plus modeste à la périphérie. Dans tous les métiers, ces mutations s’accompagnent de conditions de travail plus dures, d’une précarité accrue et de tensions nouvelles entre petits patrons et salariés.
Être commerçant dans l’est parisien, une opportunité pour « gentrifieur »
Authors: Leblanc Frédérique
Published: January 2017

À la faveur de la gentrification de l’est de Paris, se sont installés des commerçants indépendants que leur activité antérieure ou leur niveau de diplôme situait dans la partie cultivée des classes moyennes. L’article montre que, loin de représenter pour eux un déclassement, cette nouvelle situation professionnelle est une modalité particulière d’appropriation de la ville et un moyen de mettre en scène leurs propriétés sociales et leur mode de vie. La présence de ces nouveaux commerçants renforce le processus de gentrification.
Aux frontières de la démocratisation urbaine. Conflits et urbanisme participatif à Londres
Authors: Drozdz Martine
Published: January 2017

En prenant pour point de départ que participation et conflit constituent deux figures d’une même relation sociale méritant d’être étudiées ensemble, cet article se propose de retracer les évolutions participatives de l’urbanisme londonien, en les mettant en perspective avec les épisodes conflictuels de l’histoire urbaine d’après-guerre de la capitale britannique. Les concepts de Jacques Rancière décrivant le fonctionnement démocratique selon les légitimités de chacun à y prendre part nous servent de fil directeur pour analyser les rapports entre mise en conflit et dispositifs participatifs. Nous assistons à un progressif partage des rôles qui interrompt le mouvement de démocratisation d’après-guerre et fait place à un « feuilletage » des légitimités fondé sur la capacité à construire ou financer des (grands) projets urbains. Dans ce contexte où une gouvernance restreinte prend en charge la conception des futurs urbains, les dispositifs participatifs n’assurent pas une égalité de statut comme le voudrait l’impératif délibératif mais facilite l’ingénierie d’un consensus visant la réduction des risques de conflit, et par là même, ouvrant la voie à de nouveaux désaccords.
Prendre la mesure de la conflictualité portuaire
Authors: Foulquier Eric
Published: January 2017

L’intérêt croissant des populations pour la cause environnementale, associé au développement des dispositifs de démocratie participative dans les procédures d’aménagement, a conduit, ces vingt dernières années, les géographes à poser les bases méthodologiques d’une approche territoriale de la conflictualité. Si les espaces ruraux ou urbains font l’objet de nombreuses analyses, tel n’est pas le cas des domaines portuaires, où se jouent des enjeux majeurs en termes de compétitivité spatiale dans un contexte de convergence vers un modèle de gestion d’inspiration libérale. Depuis les années 1990, les ports connaissent de profonds changements de gouvernance qui président à la redéfinition du rôle de l’État dans ce secteur d’activité. Réformer des ports réputés faiblement productifs en raison des multiples grèves qui les affectaient allait dans le sens d’un gain de compétitivité. L’article propose d’exposer les enjeux de cette transition, à travers l’analyse de la notion de conflictualité portuaire, prise à témoin du bien-fondé du postulat libéral. En affirmant que celle-ci ne se résume pas à la seule conflictualité sociale, l’article pose l’hypothèse que le nouveau régime de gouvernance adopté dans la plupart des pays du monde consacre non pas la fin de la conflictualité mais sa mutation.
Twitter comme arène de débat public : le cas du Conseil de Paris et des controverses en aménagement
Authors: Douay Nicolas , Reys Aurélien
Published: January 2017

L’usage du réseau social Twitter par les élus locaux se généralise. Il offre un espace illimité d’expressions et d’échanges entre les élus et avec les citoyens. Twitter prolonge et dédouble ainsi les débats qui prennent part dans les assemblées élues. À partir du cas du Conseil de Paris, il est possible d’observer les modes d’appropriation de ce média comme nouvelle arène du débat public local. L’analyse des contenus des messages et des liens entre les comptes des élus permet de quantifier les échanges et d’identifier les sujets de controverses locales. Les enjeux d’aménagement de l’espace sont notamment ici étudiés à travers le débat quant à la construction de la tour Triangle.
Trajectoire et connaissance incorporée dans le réseau social : approche historique du cluster de Murano
Authors: Leszczyńska Dorota , Hauch Valérie
Published: January 2017

À travers l’étude historique du cas de Murano, le but de cette recherche est de comprendre comment connaissances et réseaux sociaux s’inscrivent dans la dynamique des clusters. Grâce à un compte rendu historique associé à des entretiens, nous décrivons l’évolution du cluster italien de Murano étape après étape. Nous montrons alors comment la connaissance, les processus novateurs et la dynamique des liens sociaux sont impliqués dans la trajectoire d’un cluster millénaire.
L’élite politique : paradoxe de la démocratie ?
Authors: Leboyer Olivia
Published: January 2017

Si la démocratie repose sur une promesse d’égalité indéfinie, la représentation politique apparaît toujours comme un phénomène ambivalent. Les élus occupent, pour un temps, le lieu vide du pouvoir, représentant et incarnant quelque chose qui les dépasse. Le principe de distinction, qui entraîne la désignation d’une élite, et le désir de ressemblance des citoyens avec leurs représentants, viennent parfois se contrarier.
L’honneur est-il sauf ?
Authors: Fedi Laurent
Published: January 2017

L’honneur était une valeur de caste, une valeur aristocratique. Certains en concluent que l’honneur est périmé, qu’il a cédé la place à la notion de dignité, mais cette thèse est discutable. On peut en effet se demander si la qualité distinctive qui était autrefois une qualité d’élite ne s’est pas déplacée vers une qualité morale qui tient aux valeurs d’autodétermination du sujet moderne : on n’admet plus qu’on puisse « être déshonoré » par la faute d’un autre, mais on peut « se déshonorer » par une conduite indigne. La perte du sens de l’honneur semble surtout liée à la disparition des identités symboliques, qui est un phénomène contemporain.
À l’épreuve de l’altérité radicale : une expérience de pensée
Authors: Boudou Benjamin
Published: January 2017

Ce texte propose de prendre au sérieux l’expérience de pensée d’une rencontre extraterrestre, pour poser à la philosophie politique et morale le défi d’une rencontre de l’altérité radicale. En se demandant comment accueillir des non-humains non-terriens, cet article argumente en faveur d’une politique de l’hospitalité, comme alternative aux propositions posthumanistes souvent trop abstraites. L’hospitalité offre une série d’épreuves qui permettent de déterminer la nature d’entités inconnues et d’affuter notre sensibilité à leur égard. Le détour par la science-fiction permet ainsi de penser la responsabilité.
L'environnement institutionnel a-t-il un impact sur les pratiques d'irrigation ?
Authors: Bonnal Liliane , Boutry Ornella
Published: January 2017

Le développement de l'irrigation depuis les années 1970 explique en grande partie le déséquilibre observé dans beaucoup de territoires entre la ressource en eau disponible et les prélèvements anthropiques. Notre objectif est d'étudier l'impact de politiques publiques sur les décisions d'irrigation des agriculteurs. Les choix d'irrigation en 2003 et en 2009 sont estimés à l'aide d'un modèle probit séquentiel puis nous cherchons à identifier les déterminants de l'évolution de l'intensité d'irrigation et à mesurer les effets d'outils environnementaux. Dans cette seconde étape, nous utilisons une procédure à la Heckman pour corriger le double biais de sélection lié aux choix d'irriguer en 2003 et en 2009. Les résultats d'estimation mettent en évidence des effets indirects et négatifs de la politique agricole sur la préservation de la ressource en eau en incitant à accroître l'irrigation. Par ailleurs, seuls les outils réglementaires semblent avoir un effet positif concernant la limitation de l'irrigation.
Le discours identitaire des grandes métropoles européennes : émergence d'une maturité communicationnelle
Authors: Faye Benoit , Vignolles Alexandra
Published: January 2017

Depuis les travaux de Jacobs (1961) et Lynch (1969), la notion d'identité urbaine s'est développée en économie et en géographie urbaines, en psychologie sociale et plus récemment en sciences de gestion (marketing et management touristique). L'état de l'art de ces développements multidisciplinaires montre que les villes génèrent des « identités interprétatives », déconnectées de leurs attributs réels ou perçus, orientée vers le dynamisme pour les grandes villes et la proximité pour les plus petites. Nous testons cette proposition sur un échantillon de 29 métropoles européennes, en empruntant une démarche statistique multidimensionnelle. Les discours identitaires, catégorisés par l'étude en 2011 et 2013 des visuels des pages d'accueil des sites Web de ces villes, montrent une évolution et l'émergence d'une identité plus « constructive » mise en cohérence avec leurs attributs fonctionnels réels et perçus pour les principales cibles (touristes, résidents et firmes).
Choroidal Osteoma Deossification Visualized by Enhanced Depth Imaging Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Ahmad Meleha , Tsui Edmund , Smith R. Theodore
Published: January 2017

Choroidal osteoma (CO) is a rare, benign ossifying lesion of the choroid found in otherwise healthy patients. Although associated with good visual prognosis, tumor deossification in choroidal osteoma has been linked with vision loss, presumably due to overlying photoreceptor degeneration. Here the authors present a case of CO in an elderly male demonstrating tumor deossification and photoreceptor atrophy during a 3-year follow-up using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Visual acuity was maintained due to the tumor's noncentral location. Patients with CO should undergo regular imaging with EDI-OCT to screen for tumor deossification and impending vision loss.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:87–90.]
The charge carrier capture–emission process – the main source of the low-frequency noise in homogeneous semiconductors
Authors: Palenskis Vilius
Published: January 2017

The possibility of determination of the number of localized capture centers of defects (relaxators) that cause low-frequency noise in a particular frequency range has been investigated. Here it is shown that a minimum number of relaxators is needed to generate 1/f type low-frequency noise only when relaxation times are arbitrarily distributed one-by-one in every two-octave range. The expression for estimation of the low-frequency noise level of the sample under test is presented. The presented expression for 1/f noise explains not only the noise level dependence both on the frequency and number of defects in the sample but also the observed noise intensity dependence on the mobility of free charge carriers. It is shown that the main source that causes low-frequency noise in homogeneous semiconductors is the charge carrier capture–emission process.
Bibliography of Julijan Strajnar
Authors: Šivic Urša
Published: January 2017

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Security Problems in Cloud Computing
Authors: Motawie Rola , El-Khouly Mahmoud M. , Abou El-Seoud Samir
Published: January 2017

Cloud is a pool of computing resources which are distributed among cloud users. Cloud computing has many benefits like scalability, flexibility, cost savings, reliability, maintenance and mobile accessibility. Since cloud-computing technology is growing day by day, it comes with many security problems. Securing the data in the cloud environment is most critical challenges which act as a barrier when implementing the cloud. There are many new concepts that cloud introduces, such as resource sharing, multi-tenancy, and outsourcing, create new challenges for the security community. In this work, we provide a comparable study of cloud computing privacy and security concerns. We identify and classify known security threats, cloud vulnerabilities, and attacks.
Online Branding and Marketing
Authors: Rigas Dimitrios , Hussain Hammad Akhtar , Riaz Nazish
Published: January 2017

Multimodal is quite established as communication metaphor in user interfaces and there is at least some limited prima facie case that can be used to influence positively consumer behaviour. This paper explores the perceptions of users to interactive multimodal e-branding and its effect on the consumer purchase decision. A sample of 200 respondents, was used as a basis to explore marketing techniques on social media and multimodal influence on consumer purchase decisions. The results and their analysis indicated that advertisements or messages to users with audio, video and text on in combination are the most effective forms of compiling multimodal messages that aim to advertise, persuade and eventually lead to a purchase on the e-commerce and social media platforms. The data also pointed to the use of multimodal Virtual Shopping Assistants. These findings provide an overall viewpoint on user perception that can be used as a basis for a series of empirical experiments in simulations to identify the specific user influence under particular user context and multimodal messages.
Integrating Big Data Analytics into Advertising Curriculum
Authors: Yang Kenneth C. C. , Kang Yowei
Published: January 2017

With the assistance of new computing technologies and consumer data collection methods, advertising professionals are capable of generating better targeted advertising campaigns. Big Data analytics are particularly worth noticing and have presented ample opportunities for advertising researchers and practitioners around the world. Although Big Data analytic courses have been offered at major universities, existing advertising curricula have yet to address the opportunities and challenges offered by Big Data. This chapter collects curricular data from major universities around the world to examine what Big Data has posed challenges and opportunities to existing advertising curricula in an international context. Curricula of 186 universities around the world are reviewed to describe the status of integrating these developments into better preparing advertising students for these changes. Findings show that only selected advertising programs in the U.S. have begun to explore the potential of the data analytics tools and techniques. Practical and educational implications are discussed.
Whose City Is It Anyway?
Authors: Chirisa Innocent , Bandauko Elmond , Mandisvika Gladys , Maphosa Aaron , Mukarwi Liaison
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this chapter is describe why and how a multiplicity of especially diverging forces, ‘voices' and rationalities can work against effective place branding. Specifically, it aims to demonstrate by the case of Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe, that economic hardships are the major place shaper rather than the wishes and marketing strategies that may be put in place by the state. An ailing economy will naturally see the terrain and fabric of a place, in this case, a city deteriorating both in terms of its service performance and in terms of outlook. This is in contrast with the main urban planning philosophies of order, amenity, functionality, aesthetics and convenience. The post-colonial Harare has suffered major blows of trying to retain its vividness and functionality due to a number of forces including state control and interference, the consistently perturbed political economy that explains rising retrenchments, unemployment and underemployment, which has seen the ushering in of rampant informality. Both the state and the non-state actors, including politicians and households have laid claim on the affairs of the city without approaching the same with a sense of place stewardship. Proper city branding presupposes shared visioning and moving on an agreed path and trajectory. However, characteristic of Harare is disparate and fragmented efforts, most of which work against the cause of city branding. Street vending, of late, is the major cancer haemorrhaging the city fabric and outlook. Even the politicians, who have assumed a major seat in the decision-making of the affairs of the city, seem not to agree on the way forward. Although, the city is under the leadership of the opposition – MDC-T councilors, their role has not been subsumed, within the council chambers as one that matters. The councilors have largely been silenced, if not technically, co-opted. The role of physical planning, on the other side of the story, has become increasingly nullified. Some real estate investors are considering reducing their portfolios. The dramatis personæ and the effects it is inflicting on the ground needs adequate scholarly interrogation hence the line of the argument in this paper: Whose city is it anyway? Unless, the city is seen as a collective responsibility), efforts to brand will simply prove futile and a waste of time. Overall, there is an economy that needs first to be fixed and players that need aligning their inspirations, aspirations and actions for achieving a branded city. Planning has to be given its place because it provides a solid foundation upon which actions are built.
An Attempt of the Commercial Film Production Support System Based on the Image Rhetoric of Commercial Film
Authors: Kawamura Yoji
Published: January 2017

This chapter describes the concepts behind a Commercial Film Production Support System (CFPSS) in terms of related studies in the areas of advertising, image techniques and rhetoric, cognitive science, and information engineering. The chapter then analyzes the structure of commercial films to establish and describe an information system that is tested with a viewing experiment. The proposed system reflects the environment by implementing basic image techniques to create commercial films through an interaction between the users and the system. The experiment uses commercial films for beer with 55 participants. The results show that evaluations for image types related to the advertising story generate the most interest and high evaluations for the provider type of rhetoric stimulates willingness to buy. In terms of technique, mise-en-scène and editing attracts interest, and the advertising story associated with the product function and the supporting production and distribution stimulates willingness to buy.
A Framework for CRM
Authors: Nasır Süphan
Published: January 2017

This chapter aims to develop a framework for CRM in order to understand CRM concepts and ecosystem better. To achieve this aim, this chapter starts with giving definitions of CRM from different perspectives. Reviewing the definitions of CRM reveals the essential pillars of CRM implementation. A well-developed CRM implementation framework can help companies see the big picture and develop successful CRM implementations. This chapter explains the vision and strategy; customer value proposition and customer experience; organizational culture and customer centric processes; and enabling technologies and information management as the fundamental components of a successful CRM initiative. After mentioning the benefits of CRM implementations, this chapter continues with analysing the architecture of the CRM ecosystem. Key functionalities and the role of analytical, operational, and collaborative CRM in managing relationships are also clarified. This chapter ends up with discussing the functionalities of CRM technologies in understanding customers, customer targeting, customer acquisition and retention, and customer service and support.
Selection of Digital Marketing Tools Using Fuzzy AHP-Fuzzy TOPSIS
Authors: Şengül Ümran , Eren Miraç
Published: January 2017

Technological developments resulted in creative, faster, target-oriented and knowledge-based marketing strategies more prone to interactions. Digital marketing is an example of marketing types arisen by technological developments. Digital marketing tools are rapidly growing since they can be performed through internet; they are faster and thus have an ascending trend. The amount of investment to be made to each digital marketing tool has become a significant decision making problems for the businesses. In this chapter, Fuzzy AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS techniques were employed for the selection of digital marketing tools. Multi-criteria analysis revealed the Remarketing advertising as the most suitable digital marketing tool. Additionally, the social media advertising, advertising-per-impression, advertising-per-click, affiliate advertising, banner marketing and email-advertising were respectively found to be as the other significant marketing tools.
Performance Analysis of a Markovian Queuing System with Reneging and Retention of Reneged Customers
Authors: Kumar Rakesh
Published: January 2017

In this chapter a finite capacity single server Markovian queuing system with reneging and retention of reneged customers is considered. It is envisaged that a reneging customer may be convinced to stay for his service if some customer retention mechanism is employed. Thus, there is a probability that a reneging customer may be retained. Steady-state balance equations of the model are derived using Markov chain theory. The steady-state probabilities of system size are obtained explicitly by using iterative method. The performance measures like expected system size, expected rate of reneging, and expected rate of retention are obtained. The effect of probability of retaining a reneging customer on the performance measures is studied. The economic analysis of the model is performed by developing a cost model. The optimum service rate and optimum system capacity are obtained using classical optimization and pattern search techniques. The optimization carried out helps to identify the optimum customer retention strategy from among many.
Stakeholder Interaction for Sustainability
Authors: Nwagbara Uzoechi
Published: January 2017

The wave of new media technology is sweeping across the globe. Given its speed of information dissemination and retrieval, it is relevant to explore how it can be used to manage corporate-stakeholder relations, engagement, and communication. This is because communication is an effective medium for managing relations (and crisis). In the post-conflict era in Niger delta region of Nigeria that has been described as slipping into the abyss of renewed conflict and violence following perceived failure of the amnesty deal to drive change, it is crucial to rethink the instrumentality of the new media in bringing better corporate-community relations in the region. It is expected that this process will democratise stakeholder engagement and widen discursive space following the speed, method, and multiplicity of the platforms that new media affords. The author also hopes that arguments shared here will cause a rethink on the possibility of a sustainable future in post-conflict Niger delta through new media technology.
The Impact of Consumer Search Behavior on Search Advertising in the Hotel Industry
Authors: Lu Qiang , Yang Yupin , Akter Shahriar
Published: January 2017

This chapter proposes a conceptual framework to encapsulate our understanding of how consumers' search behavior influences the content in search advertising in the hotel industry. We suggest that firms can better match consumers' preferences and needs by embracing a trade-off between price information and product information in search advertising. The dynamics of this trade-off is driven by consumers' prior product knowledge and the type of advertisers in the competitive market. Our framework suggests that travel agents tend to focus more on price advertising in their search ads, whereas hotels do not change their level of price advertising in a competitive market. More interestingly, competition from travel agents and hotels has different effects on the content of search advertising by travel agents and hotels. Our study provides critical insights in responding to different market conditions, which enhance the understanding of firms' behaviors in designing their search advertising content.
City Branding and the Power of Netnography in the Era of Social Media
Authors: Özbölük Tuğba
Published: January 2017

The development of Web 2.0 tools has changed the ways that cities communicate and build their brands. A growing number of travelers are influenced by user generated content, presenting a number of challenges and opportunities for city branding. This chapter will focus on the use of Internet and social media as international marketing communications techniques for cities and destinations. The chapter offers insights to city branding practitioners on how online city branding is carried out and suggests that using social media is an appropriate strategy to promote cities because of its participative and interactive nature. However, it is also emphasized that city branding practitioners should evaluate social media as an opportunity to get closer to customer, instead of a mechanism to be controlled. Exploring implications for practitioners, the chapter can be regarded as an important contribution to an area which is still fairly new and unexplored. The chapter also contributes to the city branding literature by introducing the use of netnography in city branding research.
The Intended Image of a Place Brand
Authors: Hannibal Martin , Rasmussen Erik S.
Published: January 2017

This chapter studies the counterproductive impact of a place image on the entrepreneurial activities in a rural Danish municipality. Nationally, the municipality is rated ‘very good' in terms of traditional business environment measurements. However, this stands in stark contrast to the historically embedded image of the municipality. In this chapter the intended image of the municipality is compared to the image as it is perceived by newcomers. The study shows that historically embedded images of places are hard to manage and change when they involve elements with negative appeal towards a specific target audience e.g. entrepreneurs. The branding problem for the municipality is shown to be the conflict between the brands of history, entrepreneurial spirit, family friendly town, and tourism etc. To manage a place brand so diverse is almost impossible and it is clearly demonstrated that the solution has been to brand the place as everything for everybody.
Foreign Language Display in Advertising from a Psycholinguistic and Sociolinguistic Perspective
Authors: Hornikx Jos , van Meurs Frank
Published: January 2017

When targeting consumers on a global scale, companies make strategic use of languages in their advertising campaigns. This chapter presents an overview of theories and research regarding the effectiveness of the use of foreign languages (foreign language display, FLD) in advertising. The aim is to bring together theories and empirical studies from various domains, and to show principled explanations for the effectiveness of FLD from two perspectives. The first, psycholinguistic perspective examines the way in which foreign languages in advertising are mentally processed; the second, sociolinguistic perspective links the foreign language use to characteristics of the country where the foreign language is typically spoken. This chapter presents empirical evidence for the benefits and drawbacks of FLD, and identifies areas for further research.
Sustainable City Branding
Authors: Doyduk Hande Begüm Bumin , Okan Elif Yolbulan
Published: January 2017

As marketing strategies are utilized for city management, entrepreneurial modes of urban governance started to be applied. In this chapter, an emerging city branding trend, Slow City branding will be analyzed in the light of sustainability. As the cities start to resemble each other, the identity of the cities which is defined by the local authenticity diminishes. The philosophy of slowness inspired other social and economic movements like slow food, slow tourism and slow city. Slow movement first in the form of Slow Food then Slow City/Cittaslow enables sustainable urban development. “Cittaslow” empowers cities to differentiate from other cities and form their identity by supporting local crafts, tastes, producers and promoting healthy and sustainable life. In this study, a comprehensive literature review about slow city movement is covered. Moreover, Seferihisar, the first slow city in Turkey is analyzed in terms of Cittaslow principles. At the last part of the study, a model is proposed summarizing the principles of slow city branding.
Branded Entertainment
Authors: Martí-Parreño José , Ruiz-Mafé Carla , Scribner Lisa L.
Published: January 2017

Branded entertainment is the insertion of a brand within an entertainment property in such a way that the line between entertainment and advertising becomes blurred (Moore, 2006). This hybrid message develops in an increasingly convergent environment in which editorial content and advertising content are blended (Shrum, 2004). This indirect approach to deliver brand messages is gaining momentum as a marketing communications tool to engage consumers with brand messages in a non-interruptive and entertainment context. By using branded films, advergames, and other advertainment-type genres, advertisers aim to enhance consumers´ brand perceptions, brand awareness, brand recall, and brand recognition, along with increasing consumers´ brand attitudes and purchase intentions while providing value to consumers through brand communications. This chapter gives an overview to branded entertainment from an historical approach, analyzing the origins, conceptualization, and genres of branded entertainment. Ethical concerns and legal issues related to branded entertainment are discussed. New trends in branded entertainment are also analyzed.
The Role of Culture in City Branding
Authors: Ozer Selda Uca
Published: January 2017

City branding means all types of image development studies for a city in order to attract more visitors, raise the quality of life and awareness of the city and provide development etc. Today, the increasing competition among the cities has made city branding a necessity. There are different strategies implemented for city branding. The mostly used strategy among those is the culture-focused branding studies. Culture has a critical importance for city branding and it is used as an international strategy for the economic, social and environmental renovation of cities. Marketing the cultural city sources and activities in an efficient way and branding the city accordingly have become increasingly important. In this chapter, the role and importance of culture which is one of the most important strategies used in city branding has been discussed in detail. Also, the cases of cultural cities which become successfully different from their rivals with their cultural heritage and the strategies implemented in these cases have been analyzed.
A Consideration of Value Co-Creation in Branding of University Research-Laboratories
Authors: Nguyen Dung Thuy , Shirahada Kunio , Kosaka Michitaka
Published: January 2017

Since service dominant logic and co-creation have been applied to branding in the higher education sector as bottom-up building of brand, research laboratories have become an essential factor in university branding. This paper aims to explore branding of research laboratories based on value co-creation processes through real experiences in research laboratories. The authors' hypotheses have identified how research laboratory brand could be created and sustainably expanded based on co-creation between professors and students. Case studies in Japanese laboratories were assumed to have their operations based on service dominant logic to verify the hypotheses. In addition, the concept of trust as value-in-trust was evaluated through this research to identify ways in which research laboratory brands were directly and indirectly spread by co-creation. Thus, this research emphasized the concept that the core of stable and powerful brands was contributed by value co-creation of stakeholders who maintained their mutual trust.
The Organizational Structure of Advertising Agencies and New Directions
Authors: Gürel Pinar Altiok , Firlar Talat , Firlar Nursen
Published: January 2017

The acceleration of globalization caused transformations in the area of communication, as in many other areas, and innovations brought about by information technologies have diversified operation methods and management, as well as organizational understandings of business companies within the global competition environment. Evolving towards post-modern structuring, companies have gravitated to customer-oriented business management strategies, where companies see their customers and market environment from different angles while conducting their advertising activities. The mass marketing sense, which was effective for a long period of time, was gradually alienated, and particularly with the intense utilization of social media and digital environments, the understanding of personal marketing (which more quickly connects products with their target audiences) was adopted in order to influence customers, who now have a multitude of choices. This chapter focuses on introducing the new organizational structures of advertising agencies in the social media age.
Tools to Change School Culture
Authors: Guilott Maria C. , Parker Gaylynn A. , Wheat Celeste A.
Published: January 2017

A school leader's time is limited. Demands on time are increasing every day, and expectations on performance are at an all-time high. How can processes like collegial learning walks change a school into a dynamic learning organization? How can the leader help teachers engage students so that so that they are willing to persevere in spite of obstacles and gain confidence to be able to learn the content well enough that they can actually transfer what they learn to a different context on their own? This chapter will provide potential solutions for next generation leaders and will examine how the stages of learning can serve as the point of departure for processes that change school culture in meaningful ways as teachers and school leaders reflect on their pedagogical practice and on learning for everyone in the learning organization.
Psychological Impacts of Downsizing Trauma
Authors: Simuth Jozef
Published: January 2017

The chapter summarizes research studies as well as case studies from companies worldwide that show how organizational changes followed by downsizing create a traumatic experience for all organization members. The author's focus is on the psychological perspective on traumatic experience by all employees (victims and survivors) and managers whose task is to organize and implement changes in the organization. Based on the literature review, the chapter describes symptoms and psychological effects of organizational change trauma on individuals and the ways to minimize the traumatic effects. The author believes that outplacement and therapeutic approach are effective tools for overcoming the layoff trauma and also send positive signals to employees and to general public.
Sexual Identities in the Workplace
Authors: Cleve Robert A. , Işık İdil , Pecanha Viviane de Castro
Published: January 2017

The global progression of human rights advocating for marginalized communities, especially LGBTQ, has seen tremendous change over the past several decades, including the conditions for disclosure of sexual identity in the workplace. The decision-making process of disclosure and the necessity for others to know is key to understanding how best to support and address the potential organizational trauma that may result. Not all disclosure of minority identity is negative and the availability of positive policy development within organizations can assist in smooth transitions toward more equal inclusion and dispel previous heteronormative and heterosexist ideologies. Through increased knowledge about the LGBTQ community and case analysis, a cross cultural lens will be utilized from Brazil, Turkey and the U.S.; prominent sexual identity disclosure perspectives for numerous occupations, as well as recommendations for systemic awareness and change will be offered.