bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of a patient with COVID-19 and adverse premorbid background: A case report
Authors: Tulokhonova Julia S. , Obarchuk Oksana G. , Averina Irina A.
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: In the presence of severe comorbid pathology, children get sick with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as severe as adults.
CASE REPORT: This paper describes the treatment of a 17-year-old patient with severe bilateral pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 that damage a large volume of the lung tissue (69% on the right, 87.1% on the left, and grade IV lung lesions according to computed tomography) with an unfavorable premorbid background (grade IV obesity with a body mass index of 54.5 kg/m2, Down syndrome, moderate mental retardation, and primary hypothyroidism). The child was admitted to the hospital on day 10 of illness in an extremely serious condition. On admission, she received artificial lung ventilation and then high-flow mask ventilation with an oxygen flow of 12 L/min. In addition to respiratory support, she received etiotropic (hydroxychloroquine), anticoagulant (enoxaparin), antibacterial, (ceftriaxone), and antihypertensive treatments. Levothyroxine sodium was administered for hypothyroidism. Permanent monitoring of the acidbase balance, general and biochemical blood tests, and coagulography were performed. Gradual positive dynamics of the respiratory status was observed, and oxygen flow decreased. The case was constantly consulted to a pulmonologist, endocrinologist, and cardiologist, who corrected antihypertensive therapy depending on blood pressure indicators. Oxygen support was given for 13 days. After receiving a double-negative PCR test for COVID-19, the patient was transferred to the pulmonology department, from which she was discharged in satisfactory condition for outpatient observation.
CONCLUSION: Our patient with COVID-19, severe lung damage with a combination of comorbid pathologies, extremely unfavorable prognosis (grade IV obesity, Down syndrome, and hypothyroidism), who received active complex treatment in accordance with modern guidelines, recovered despite late admission to the hospital.
Relationship Between the Scale, Structure, Efficiency and Economic Growth of Tobacco Financial Development in China
Authors: Zhang Yi , Yang Shuwang , Zhang Hang
Published: October 2021

Objectives: This paper analyzes and studies the relationship between the scale, structure, efficiency and economic growth of tobacco financial development in China. Methods: Through the research on the theory of supply chain finance, this paper studies the products and application of
the financial chain in the tobacco industry by using the methods of case analysis, literature research and case analysis. At the same time, taking the products of a bank as an example, this paper describes the product handling and operation process in detail, and analyzes the advantages and
disadvantages of the products. Results: Commercial banks at home and abroad have gradually realized the power of the vigorous development of tobacco financial supply chain and actively developed tobacco supply chain financial products. The promotion of China's bank supply chain financial products
at this stage will help banks to improve and adjust the traditional credit business structure. At the same time, it helps to improve and optimize the structure of tobacco customers and enhance the business cooperation between tobacco companies and banks. This can reduce the business risk of
the tobacco industry and improve the overall profitability of the tobacco industry. Conclusion: The tobacco industry should steadily take advantage of the organization and coordination advantages of the government and make use of development financial funds to overcome difficulties. Only by
improving the design and enlarging the leverage of financial support policies can the tobacco industry further develop.
Countermeasures for Tobacco Industrial Cluster Development
Authors: Mingjuan Liu
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, the deepening globalization of the world economy promotes the economic development to present more and more obvious regionalization characteristics, and industrial clusters are increasingly becoming an important source for a country or region to achieve competitive advantages.
China is the largest tobacco country in the world, and the tobacco industry is the largest source of tax revenue in China, which has made outstanding contributions to the national financial accumulation. After joining the World Trade Organization (WTO) and signing the Framework Convention
on Tobacco Con trol (FCTC) o f the World Health Organization (WHO), the competition in the domestic and foreign tobacco markets has become increasingly fierce, and more attention to health issues has put forward higher requirements for the development of China's tobacco industry. Therefore,
the Chinese tobacco industry urgently needs to use industrial clusters to form economies of scale and enhance market competitiveness. Overall, the development level of China's tobacco industry is not high. Due to some existing problems that restrict the development of tobacco industry clusters,
some measures must be taken to enhance the competitiveness of China's tobacco industry clusters in the world economy, such as strengthening o verall coordination and planning guidance , guiding industries from agglomeration to cluster development, actively supporting related industries, and
vigorously enhancing innovation ability. Therefore, it is necessary to find out the breakthrough point of the development of tobacco industry clusters, select the appropriate industrial clusters to focus on cultivating, strengthening the leading role, supplementing the chain and clustering,
and guide and promote the healthy growth of tobacco industry clusters, so as to stimulate the growth of the national economy.
A boomy century of periodontal regeneration with biological mediators
Authors: Grover Deepak , Kaur Navneet , Kaur Gurpreet
Published: October 2021

With the advanced and improved knowledge of bone regeneration on the molecular level, some of key molecules that alter the complicated physiological method were identified, and are already in scientific use or beneath research to enhance bone restore. Of those molecules, BMPs were the maximum considerably studied, as they are robust osteoinductive elements. They result in the mitogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and different osteoprogenitors, and their differentiation in the direction of osteoblasts. Other growth factors except BMPs which have been implicated through out the bone regeneration, with one-of-a-kind features with respect of cell proliferation, chemotaxis and angiogenesis, are also being investigated or are presently getting used to reinforce bone restore, which include platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor- β, insulin-like growth factor-1, vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor, amongst others. One present day technique to enhance bone regeneration and soft-tissue recovery with the aid of using nearby application of growth factors is the use of platelet-rich plasma, an extent of the plasma fraction of autologous blood with platelet concentrations above baseline, that is wealthy in most of the aforementioned molecules. This overview focuses and target on the biological mediators that regulates key cellular events which have a capacity to induce the method of tissue repair and regeneration.
Prediction of nerve damage by comparing periapical radiographic signs of impacted mandibular third molars in close proximity to inferior alveolar nerve with their true tomographic relationship – An observational study
Authors: Remulla Srujana Daniella , Koneru Jyothirmai , Reddy Sudhakara , Tatapudi Ramesh , Darna Geetanjali , Prathipati Naga Manikanta Mohan
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the study was to correlate the accuracy of Roods and Shehab signs in an intraoral periapical radiograph (IOPAR) with Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) findings to indicate Cone-beam computed tomography only in high-risk conditions.

70 impacted mandibular third molar teeth in 58 patients above 18 years with intraoral periapical radiographs presenting with one or more root and canal signs of Rood and Shehab criteria were included in the study. Winter's classification was recorded, and the patients were exposed to a Cone-beam computed tomographic scan. True canal – tooth relationship was assessed in the sectional images. Pearson Chi-square test was used to correlate periapical radiograph and tomographic findings, and an unpaired t-test was applied for descriptive analysis.

Rood and Shehab canal criteria in the periapical radiographs were significantly correlated to direct contact of an impacted lower third molar with the canal (p< 0.05) and loss of cortication of Mandibular canal (p< 0.05) on the cone-beam computed tomography.

Cone-beam computed tomography is recommended to assess the periapical radiographs with canal risk markers pre-operatively to help avoid iatrogenic complications.
PROCEDURAL PARTICIPATION OF BANKS IN COVERT INVESTIGATIVE (SEARCH) ACTION «BANK ACCOUNTS MONITORING»
Authors: Kantsir V. , Kozmuk N. , Soroka S. , Marko S. , Riashko O. , Kantsir I.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The concept of financial monitoring as a set of measures carried out by the entities of primary and state financial monitoring in the field of prevention and counteraction to separatist funding (article 110-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), legalization (laundering) of criminally obtained property (article 209 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), and terrorism funding (article 258-5 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) is developed and proved.
The relationship between the categories of «terrorism» and «finance» is determined in the following areas: money paid to terrorists for refusing to commit violence acts; covert funding of terrorist organizations by certain states, non-governmental organizations, and criminal groups; «money laundering» and its introduction into legal circulation; creation of own groups in commercial, credit and financial institutions by terrorist organizations; ‘launderingof money’ obtained as a result of criminal activity.
The risks in the system of prevention of terrorism and counteraction to legalization of criminally obtained proceedsare outlined. They were defined as the following: non-transparent funding of political parties; the share of cash resources addressed to the mentioned criminal activity; «outflow» of capital; absence of a clearly defined sectoral risk assessment of the entities of primary financial monitoring in the field of prevention and counteraction to legalization (laundering) of criminally obtained proceeds.
It is offered to include the risk of terrorism and separatism funding through deposit-taking corporations tobanking risks.
An attempt has been made to accumulate the majority of the latest achievements (as legislative, theoretical and research aswell as applied ones) on the issues of legal regulation of the studied procedural, financial and legal relations, on the basis of which scientific views are proved and proposals for improving regulations in this area are worked out.
Keywords: monitoring, banks, covert investigative actions, bank accounts monitoring, terrorism funding, banking risks, financial and legal relations.
JEL Classification E42, E52, G28, K13, K14
Formulas: 0; fig.: 1; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 16.
BALANCE SHEET BUDGETTING AT AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Fomina O. , Semenova S. , Moshkovska O. , Lositska T.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The aim of the article is to study the importance of balance budgeting for agribusiness enterprises and to develop a sample balance budget that meets the needs and characteristics of their activities, reflects the key indicators of financial condition to achieve the target level of economic development. Approaches to determining the essence of the budget and budgeting are generalized, the main features of budget classification are systematized and the place and importance of the balance budget are characterized. The peculiarities of drawing up balance budgets for agribusiness enterprises, which consist in the method of initial recognition of agricultural products, assessment of current and long-term biological assets, reflection in the accounting of land plots, biological transformations, are analyzed. The method of determining budget indicators, the procedure for their coordination and relationship with other types of budgets are described. The proposed balance budget is substantiated, which is supplemented by analytical parameters to assess the financial condition of the enterprise and support effective decision-making. The balance sheet usually contains standard items of financial statements by month for the year, so an important addition is the presentation of deviations for all indicators for the year and average annual values, which will provide more smooth estimates. The scientific novelty of the study is to formalize the process of balance budgeting and balance sheet development for agribusiness enterprises, which takes into account the peculiarities of their activities and contains analytical indicators that help model liquidity, solvency and financial stability and achieve them in the long run. The results of the study allow to organize budgeting more effectively, facilitate the process of developing balance budgets and present them in a supplemented form to manage the financial condition of agribusiness enterprises, increase their book value and economic development.
Keywords: budget, balance budgeting, agribusiness enterprise.
JEL Classification М49, М21, Q19
Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 22.
METHODICAL APPROACH TO COUNTERING THREATS OF ECONOMIC SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF ENSURING THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL INTERESTS
Authors: Kryshtanovych M. , Ortynskyi V. , Krasivskyу O. , Maziy N. , Pasichnyk V.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The existence of threats to economic security can become a factor in the development of an imbalance in the functioning of economic entities of any level of activity. Support and patronage of constant indicators of economic security today is one of the main tasks of state policy, since the economic sphere has both direct and indirect impact on various types of national security. Only under the condition of full provision of all aspects of security is it possible to implement a programmed economic growth, improve the standard of living of ordinary citizens, as well as the all-round development of all spheres of the state. For today's economy of the state, in the context of the desire to be a full-fledged member of the world economic society, it is especially important to solve the problem of ensuring continuous socio-economic development, creating mechanisms to counter exogenous and endogenous threats, improving the welfare of citizens, as well as developing a powerful system of international economic relations. The degree of influence of exogenous and endogenous threats on the level of the country's economic security is variable, taking into account the dynamic conditions of the life of society, the national and world economy. The task is to form a model of countering the main threats to economic security in the context of protecting national interests. The main purpose of the study is the formation of a methodological approach to countering the main threats to economic security in the context of protecting national interests. The research methodology includes the use of a graphical method to reflect the main results of the study. Also, from the general methods, the abstract-logical method should be distinguished, which was used to form appropriate conclusions based on the results of the study. Of the specific ones, let us single out the modeling method, which made it possible to form an appropriate composition of the main ways to counter the main threats to economic security in the context of protecting national interests.
Keywords: security, economic security, threats, countering threats, national interests.
JEL Classification G28, F60, F52
Formulas: 0; fig.: 3; tabl.: 0; bibl.:12.
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CLOUD TECHNOLOGIES IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Authors: Gevko V. , Vivchar O. , Sharko V. , Radchenko О. , Budiaiev M. , Tarasenko O.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The modern world is in the phase of active implementation of digitalization of most processes, including cloud technologies, which is also associated with the introduction of quarantine measures in most countries. Over the past decade, the average annual growth of the cloud services market has expanded by about 50% to more than $ 220 billion. This figure is projected to exceed $ 500 billion in the near future. Currently, a large number of cloud service companies are concentrated in the market. All companies can be classified into national, operating within one country, and international, operating in many countries simultaneously. In Ukraine, the leader is the high-tech company De Novo, which provides services in the segment of corporate clients based on VMware, EMC, Microsoft Azure solutions. Competitors are well-known foreign IT giants, namely: Oracle, IBM, Google, Microsoft, Amazon, HP and others. The Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine plays an important role in this area. The latter signed an agreement with Microsoft to implement the Azure Expansion Program and accelerate Ukraine's digital transformation, including the development of Azure cloud services for the sum of more than $ 500 million. The transition from physical, outdated IT technologies to new cloud services will allow companies to significantly reduce the cost of maintaining their own staff of IT professionals and engineers, reduce dependence on IT equipment suppliers and increase productivity and efficiency of the decisions made. The management of the enterprise can choose one of the offered models from the companies-providers: IaaS, PaaS, SaaS. The choice will depend on the immediate management needs and financial capabilities of the enterprise. In Ukraine, the biggest share of users of cloud services belongs to large utility companies and state enterprises, namely: Dija, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Kyiv Municipal Enterprise "Informatics", Prozorro, Ukrposhta, E-Health (National Health Center of Ukraine), Naftogaz and several other organizations. Thus, the introduction of cloud services involves digital business transformations, namely: optimization of business processes, acceleration of innovation, cost reduction and so on.
Key words: IT technologies, cloud technologies, cloud service providers, management, business.
JEL Classification L86, M15
Formulas: 0; fig.: 1; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 21.
ВПЛИВ ІНСТИТУТІВ НА ДИНАМІКУ ПРОЦЕСІВ ПОСТСОЦІАЛІСТИЧНОЇ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Мороз Є.
Published: October 2021

Анотація. Акцентовано увагу на важливій ролі ефективної системи інститутів з метою забезпечення економічного розвитку України. Зазначено, що формуванню цієї системи мусить приділятися увага науковців, а також владних структур. Досліджено зміст економічної трансформації постсоціалістичних країн, зокрема України. Проведено дослідження з використанням методики порівняння капіталістичної та соціалістичної систем, а також історичного підходу. Розглянуто зміст категорій «власність» і «трансформація», а також вплив інститутів власності на динаміку трансформаційних процесів, що відбувалися в постсоціалістичних країнах.
Визначено взаємозв’язок і взаємозалежність між впливом інститутів і динамікою процесу постсоціалістичної трансформації. Результати дослідження засвідчили невисокий рівень розвитку формальних інститутів в Україні, тоді як неформальні інститути виступають природним гальмом для подальшого економічного розвитку. Наголошено, що вплив інститутів на динаміку процесів постсоціалістичної трансформації має істотне значення і вирішальну роль в Україні.
На основі інституту власності розглянуто ефекти власності. Завдяки їхньому повноцінному використанню західні країни здатні генерувати капітал і максимізувати вигоди від використання об’єктів власності. На відміну від західних країн, в Україні власність розглядається виходячи з об’єкта, а не через систему прав, якими може користуватися власник. Детально розглянуто природу легальних та нелегальних відносин власності, а також передумов, що зумовлюють трансформацію інститутів власності.
Визначено вплив формальних і неформальних інститутів на динаміку процесів постсоціалістичної трансформації в Україні. Розглянуто появу нематеріальних об’єктів власності на прикладі інтелектуальної власності, а також важливість дотримання та реалізації прав власності законодавчою системою.
Зроблено висновки щодо поточного становища соціально-економічної системи України в контексті трансформації формальних і неформальних інститутів.
Ключові слова: інститут, власність, трансформація, капітал, підприємництво.
Формул: 0; рис.: 0; табл.: 1; бібл.: 15.
Atopy Patch Test in the Diagnosis of Food Allergens in Infants with Allergic Proctocolitis Compared with Elimination/Introduction Challenge
Authors: Arshi Saba , Khoshmirsafa Majid , Khalife Maryam , Nabavi Mohammad , Bemanian Mohammad Hasan , Shokri Sima , Seif Farhad , Yousefi Azizollah , Fallahpour Morteza
Published: October 2021

Allergic proctocolitis is a cell-dependent food allergy that is present in both breast and formula-fed infants. The presence of blood with different amounts in the stool is the main manifestation of the disease. Different results have been published on the accuracy and specificity of the atopic patch test (APT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of the APT and compare them with those obtained in the food elimination/introduction (E/I) challenge, as the gold standard of confirming the allergy.
Twenty-eight patients (18 boys, 10 girls, <1 year) with allergic proctocolitis were recruited in this study. The mean age of the disease onset and enrolling the study were 2.23±1.7 and 5.25±2.19 months, respectively. After performing APT with fresh foods, an E/I challenge was done in a patient with positive tests, and results were analyzed.
APT was positive in 14/28 (50%) individuals. The most common foods detected by APT in all of the individuals were: milk (10/28), rice (5/28), soy (4/28), and egg white (4/28), while in E/I challenge in the APT-positive individuals were: milk (8/10), rice (3/5), egg white (1/4), and soy (0/4). APT was positive in half of the infants<1 year with allergic proctocolitis and there was no significant correlation between the APT results and the E/I challenge test for all foods.
Comparing the results of APT and E/I challenge methods showed a convergence between the milk and rice sensitivity, thus we suppose APT to be a useful tool in identifying these two allergens in cell-mediated food allergies like allergic proctocolitis.
INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF MICROWAVE RADIATION ON THE PROPERTIES OF GRANULAR HEAT INSULATION MATERIALS BASED ON LIQUID GLASS
Authors: Rymar Tatyana
Published: October 2021

The main methods of improving the performance of granular thermal insulationmaterials based on liquid glass are chemical methods of their modification, which are based onchanging their structure through the use of special ingredients. At the same time, there is a need to introduce often a large number of components and individual technological operations, which is notalways technological. One of the promising methods of changing the physical state of substancesunder the action of an electromagnetic field is non-thermal treatment of microwave radiation. Theadvantages of using microwave radiation in comparison with the generally accepted methods ofmodification of materials are the transformation of their structure without significant changes in thetechnological process and the need to use additional components. Due to volumetric heating and themechanism of non-thermal action of microwave radiation on processing objects the duration of theirheating considerably decreases. When microwave heating of a liquid glass composition part of theenergy of electromagnetic radiation is converted into heat, which contributes to the intense swellingof the material, and the other part is aimed at structural changes in the material, which improve itsproperties due to the non-thermal effect of microwave radiation. Studies show that the best set ofperformance properties have granular materials obtained under the action of microwave radiationat a power of 650 W, which corresponds to a temperature of 110-120 0C. The required duration ofsuch heat treatment is 6-7 minutes. The closest to them in terms of coefficient of swelling are materialsobtained by convective heating at a temperature of 200 0C for 1 hour, but their physical andmechanical properties are much lower. Thus, it can be noted that the use of microwave radiationallows to obtain granular thermal insulation materials with a better set of performance properties atlower energy costs for their production.
INFLUENCE OF SUPERPLASTICIZERS МС POWER FLOW 3100 ON CALCIUM SULPHATE DIHYDRATE TECHNICAL PARAMETERS
Authors: Derevianko Viktor , Moroz Volodimir , Kushnierova Liliya , Moroz Lina , Kosinska Katerina
Published: October 2021

In recent years, there has been a decrease in gypsum products demand. Theimproving of gypsum binders properties can help to expand the scope of gypsum binders and, as aresult, increase gypsum products demand. The structure of the gypsum binder is the carrier of itsproperties. Studying the relationship between structure and properties is the way to directedelimination of disadvantages. One of the ways to eliminate the disadvantages is the modification ofsurfactants and nanoparticles, which affect and allow to control the hydration process. Therefore,the aim of the research is to study the effect of superplasticizer MC Powerflow 3100 on themicrostructure. physical and technical properties of calcium dihydrate formed during the hardeningof gypsum binder. The increase in the strength of gypsum binder at the compression of 77 percentand the bending strength of 17.6 percent was received during the research. Alsow the water-gypsumratio was reduced by 10 percent and the curing time was reduced: beginning from 5 to 2.5 minutes,end from 12 to 8 minutes. It was also found that the presence of the superplasticizer MC Plaflow 3100in the curing system of gypsum binder changes the process of hardening and crystal formation. Itaffects on the morphology of gypsum dihydrate crystals. To study the effect of the superplasticizer onthe morphology of gypsum dihydrate crystals, the crystals were grown in the presence ofsuperplasticizer MC Powerflow 3100 by the method of counter growth. When superplasticizer MCPowerflow 3100 is added to the solution, the thickening of crystals occurs and alsow their doublingwith the formation of dendritic crystals form. The performed researches can be the basis for thedirected management of material structure for the purpose of receiving the new improved indicatorsof gypsum binders properties that in turn will allow to expand scope of application of this material.
INVENTORY MANAGEMENT IN THE ORGANIZATION OF LOCOMOTIVE PARK SERVICE
Authors: Krasheninin Alexander Semenovich , Matsegora Dmytro Oleksandrovych , Polʹovyy Alexander , Pakhomov M. V.
Published: October 2021

Planned warning system for locomotive repair has almost exhausted its potential.This was facilitated by the rapid deterioration of the technical condition of the locomotive fleet andinfrastructure for both repair and operation. Rolling stock renewal is almost non-existent, and thereis interest in providing railway services due to rising tariffs and low levels of comfort.On the contrary, some foreign railways consider the planned warning system exhausted,especially in compliance with all requirements for maintenance and repairs, timely modernizationmeasures.But at the same time, the policy of monitoring the technical condition of manufacturers to formthe infrastructure for the organization of repair and modernization of the series of locomotives isgradually developing. The first scientific researches in this direction were devoted to substantiationof strategy of interaction of traditional approaches and those which bring considerable differencesfrom traditional. This is the adoption of a strategy for the distribution of operational and repairfunctions of locomotive enterprises, and when, together with manufacturers, repair plants and depots,the need to transfer repairs to service centers is determined.At the same time, large centers are being formed that provide service services for the regionsof operation, namely, organize the monitoring and audit of the enterprise and ensure the organizationof rolling stock repairs.Without a clear organization of the supply system, the organization of locomotive service, whichrequires the selection of the optimal procurement procedure and stocks.The introduction of a new system of maintenance and restoration of the locomotive fleet on theprinciples of service requires a clear organization of the supply of spare parts for repairinfrastructure.

The system considers the solution of the optimization problem of the balance of profits andlosses in the creation of stocks for locomotive service.Assuming that the process demand was mostly random, it is proposed to introduce a targetfunction that takes into account the definition of the law of distribution of demand for spare parts,based on the minimum of the given measurements for their acquisition and storage. With this in mind,it is proposed to create an ideology of «virtual storage» to optimize stocks and their costs.
RESEARCH OF ENERGY LOSS IN A SOLAR POWER PLANT AT A TRACTION SUBSTATION
Authors: Panchenko Vladislav , Kharin Ruslan
Published: October 2021

An analysis of losses in a solar power plant of direct current № 18 с. Zmiiv, Kharkivregion with all climatic conditions of this region. The energy efficiency indicators of inverters used in these solar power plants are analyzed. According to experimental data based on the softwarepackage PVsyst measured energy losses generated by a solar power plant. Connecting the SES to themains can improve the voltage levels at the system nodes, but it is necessary to provide a powerreserve in the system to cover the power deficit in the event of a sudden shutdown due to naturalfactors.To analyze the energy losses of solar energy, the software package PVsyst was used, whichallows you to analyze the parameters of electricity losses with the display of loss diagrams for theyear and the dependence of the amount of losses in electricity generation by solar panels. PVsystsoftware is used to calculate the output power, performance, and total loss of a station connected tothe network. Losses calculated by PVsyst software include two types: PV array loss and System loss.After analyzing research conducted in Ukraine and other European countries, it is possible toconclude that the impact of poor quality electricity on electrical equipment is quite significant, andthe study of the impact of unconventional generation sources on electricity quality indicators willidentify ways to reduce electricity losses and increase electricity life equipment. The efficiency ofsolar energy conversion is greatly reduced due to reflections from the surface of the photovoltaicsystem. Also due to the peculiarities of the construction of photovoltaic converters there is a decreasein the efficiency of solar panels with increasing temperature.
Investigation on the Severity of Alternaria Blight of Pigeonpea and its Characterisation in Northern Karnataka
Authors: Savitha A.S. , Ajithkumar K. , Yenjerappa S.T.
Published: October 2021

Background: The Alternaria blight of pigeonpea is considered as an important foliar disease and poses threat to the pigeonpea cultivation due to change in the climatic condition, cultivation practices and variation in pathogenic character. Though the disease is noticed in an alarming proportion after the post rainy season and causing economic yield, little is known about the severity of disease and its impact on crop production. The current study is aimed to study the disease severity and variability of the pathogen and which would helps us to understand the biology of the pathogen to develop suitable management strategies. Methods: In the field and laboratory investigations during 2015 and 2017, different localities of Northern Karnataka were surveyed. Twenty sampling localities were selected based on geographical situation. In the laboratory, collected diseased samples were isolated and determined morphologically and culturally based on taxonomic and molecular characters. Result: Our investigations revealed the varied disease severity in surveyed districts, Vijayapura district recorded the maximum disease severity with a range of 38.67 to 49.33 and this might be due to variation in pathogenic character, rainfall pattern and climatic conditions and also disease severity varied with varieties indicating the source of resistance. The present study contributed for identification of geographical distribution of the disease and its severity in different varieties and places of Northern Karnataka and their genetic and morphological variations.
Rice Commercialisation Effects in Mngeta, Kilombero District, Tanzania: Identifying the Underlying Factors
Authors: Isinika Aida , Mlay Gilead , Mdoe Ntengua , Boniface Gideon , Magomba Christopher , Kilave Devotha
Published: October 2021

Rice production is the most dominant farming system in Kilombero valley in Morogoro region, Tanzania, accounting for more than 80 per cent of cultivated land within the valley. This paper examines changes in rice commercialisation and livelihood outcomes for different categories of farmers in the Mngeta division, Kilombero District, Tanzania. Understanding the underlying factors of agricultural commercialisation enables policymakers to ensure that policy interventions promote inclusive and equitable involvement of all farmers and other value chain actors, especially women and youths, who have been excluded from most development initiatives in the past.
Yield and Commercialisation Effects of SRI Interventions in Mngeta, Kilombero District, Tanzania
Authors: Mosha Devotha B. , Mlay Gilead , Poulton Colin , Saha Amrita
Published: October 2021

This paper discusses System of Rice Intensification (SRI) interventions and its potential effects on paddy yield and commercialisation in Mngeta division, Kilombero district in Morogoro region, Tanzania. SRI is an innovative agroecological methodology that aims to improve yields and farmers’ profits by creating the most suitable environment for the rice plant to grow. It comprises the precise set of cultivation practices specifically required for careful management of biophysical needs of the rice plant for producing high yields. To assess the effects, we compare between trained and non-trained farmers, as well as between farmers who are members of SRI associations and non-SRI members, on aspects of adoption of SRI interventions, paddy productivity and yields. In turn, the effects of SRI is evaluated in terms of its influence on rice yield per hectare and commercialisation at household level.
Demanding Power: Do Protests Empower Citizens to Hold Governments Accountable over Energy?
Authors: Hossain Naomi , Agbonifo John , Atela Martin , Gaventa John , Gonçalves Euclides , Javed Umair , McCulloch Neil , Natalini Davide , Oosterom Marjoke , Ojebode Ayobami , Shankland Alex
Published: October 2021

Energy protests are becoming increasingly common and significant around the world. While in the global North concerns tend to centre around climate issues, in the global South the concerns are more often with affordable energy. Both types of protests, however, have one issue in common: the undemocratic nature of energy policymaking. This paper draws together findings from research conducted in three countries, Mozambique, Nigeria, and Pakistan to ask how and under which conditions do struggles over energy access in fragile and conflict affected settings empower the powerless to hold public authorities to account? In exploring this theme, the study examines what factors support protests developing into significant episodes of contention within fragile settings, and whether these energy struggles promote citizen empowerment and institutional accountability.
Lexical and grammatical features of Internet reviews in the Russian and English languages
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D. Ushinsky, Bojchuk Elena I.
Published: October 2021

The article presents an analysis of English and Russian-language Internet reviews of hotels in different countries and cities. The main purpose of the study is to identify the specific features of reviews in two languages in order to formulate clear criteria for automatic determining the tone of the text. On the basis of the existing works of linguists in this field, the author has identified the main directions of research on various issues related to the specifics of Internet reviews. Among others, gender and language specificity of reviews were noted, regardless of comparing their characteristics in two unrelated languages. The research undertaken focuses on the basic means of expressing positive, negative, or neutral tones in two languages, which is an interdisciplinary problem that combines work on the issues of selecting tone criteria for automatic text processing, as well as linguistic problems of language specificity of reviews, allowing to identify the main parameters for automatic tone detection on the basis of the most frequent specific features. The main results of the study are specific distinguishing features of English- and Russian-language reviews, the general and the particular in their characteristics. The most active means involved in the formation of a review are the frequent use of genre-specific lexemes, especially with positive or negative emotional and expressive coloring, combining words in a sentence, the role of negation, grammatical forms of verbs, the use of quantitative adverbs, adjectives in the superlative degree, etc.
A Virgem Abrideira dos Gozos de Maria da Coleção Ivani e Jorge Yunes
Authors: Tatsch Flavia Galli
Published: October 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a Virgem Abrideira dos Gozos de Maria pertencente à Coleção Ivani e Jorge Yunes, em São Paulo. Virgens Abrideiras dos Gozos de Maria são esculturas de vulto que possuem um tipo de mecanismo frontal que permite abrir seus corpos totalmente ou apenas em parte, revelando cenas marianas em seu interior. Existem três exemplares ibéricos, dos séculos XIII e XIV, que se encontram em acervos nas cidades de Allariz, Évora e Salamanca. Apesar dos temas entalhados em seu interior, a Abrideira da Coleção Yunes foi elaborada em outro espaço temporal e geográfico (em alguma possessão ibérica no Extremo Oriente). Na falta de exemplares similares que pudessem conduzir a análise, esta pesquisa procurou vislumbrá-la à luz das imaginárias resultantes dos encontros culturais entre europeus e asiáticos, como a indo-portuguesa, singalesa, hispano-filipina ou chinesa. Os enigmas que cercam os fatores de sua produção levantaram questões a respeito das fronteiras impostas pela historiografia ― como taxonomias e categorias etnocêntricas ― e apontaram para a necessidade de se pensar a transculturalidade e os espaços “intermediários”.
УКРАЇНСЬКЕ КОБЗАРСТВО ЯК СПЕЦИФІЧНИЙ ФАКТОР НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО СПРОТИВУ
Authors: Левицька Н. , Коцюбанська О.
Published: October 2021

Досліджено і проаналізовано інститут кобзарства на українських землях XVIII — першої половини ХХ ст. як духовно-культурний феномен, що став виявом національно-культурного відродження українського народу. Розкрито організаційно-адміністративні та творчо-мистецькі аспекти становлення, розвитку й діяльності українського кобзарства. Доведено, що кобзарство виступає як культурне явище, що віддзеркалює специфіку окремих етапів історії українського народу, яке не має аналогів у світовій історії та культурі. Наведено й охарактеризовано зразки творчої та культурно-громадської діяльності найвідоміших кобзарів.

Ключові слова: кобзарі, історична пам’ять, національно-культурне відродження, співак, бандурист.
Історичний досвід сільського підприємництва в Україні (друга половина ХІХ — початок ХХ ст.)
Authors: Романюк Н. , Вісла Р.
Published: October 2021

У статті за матеріалами Правобережної України досліджено роль сільського підприємництва як важливого чинника прискорення соціально-економічної модернізації 1861–1914 рр.

Методологія дослідження базується на принципах історизму, всебічності, багатофакторності та міждисциплінарності. Причинно-наслідкові складові сільського підприємництва в контексті глибинних перетворень 1861–1914 рр. розглядались як комплексні, зумовлені історичною логікою.

Наукова новизна. На основі неопублікованих джерел та наявної історіографічної бази доведено, що у Київській, Подільській та Волинській губ. у досліджуваний період склалися передумови для розвитку приватної ініціативи, поширювалися ринкові відносини та сільське підприємництво; показано участь сільських підприємців у соціально-економічній модернізації регіону, особливості їх діяльності, форми ефективного господарювання, найприбутковіші галузі в досліджуваних губерніях.

Висновки. Під впливом реформ 1860–1870-х рр., особливо скасування кріпацтва та столипінської аграрної реформи, саме сільські підприємці у Київській, Подільській і Волинській губ., використовуючи природно-кліматичні умови краю, земельні ресурси, корисні копалини, деревину, підприємницькій хист і капітал, знайшли шляхи і методи збільшення обсягів виробництва на селі, прибуткового господарювання. Основою економічного розвитку Київської, Подільської і Волинської губ. було землеволодіння підприємливих поміщиків і заможних селян, які застосовували найвигідніші види господарської діяльності — вирощування зернових культур, цукрових буряків, картоплі, хмелю та їх переробку на власних підприємствах якомога ближче до сировинних ресурсів. Найвигіднішими галузями були цукрова, винокурна та борошномельна. Продукція цих галузей становила найбільшу частину в загальному обсязі промислового виробництва. А виробництво цукру наприкінці XIX ст. становило більше від половини загального фабрично-заводського виробництва. Регіон, у який входили досліджувані губернії, став потужним виробником і експортером цукру на закордонні ринки. Зразки багатопрофільної підприємницької діяльності — Терещенків, Ханенків, Симиренків, Бобринських, Потоцьких, Браницьких, Сангушків, Бродських, Ярошинських та багатьох інших господарів можуть служити прикладом і для сучасних підприємців. Позитивно вплинула на подальший розвиток сільського господарства, промисловості, торгівлі й підприємницької діяльності інтеграція в систему економічних відносин губерній Правобережжя поляків, євреїв, німців, чехів.

Ключові слова: підприємництво, модернізація, сільське господарство, промисловість, прибуток.
ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ПОЛТАВСЬКОГО ВЕГЕТАРІАНСЬКОГО ТОВАРИСТВА НА ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТ.
Authors: Пивоваренко О. А.
Published: October 2021

У статті вперше висвітлено передумови та процес заснування Полтавського вегетаріанського товариства, етапи його функціонування та розвиток протягом досліджуваного періоду. Визначено його кількісний склад та ідентифіковано основних діячів. З’ясовані основні напрямки діяльності та дана їх оцінка. Проаналізовано позитивні та негативні фактори, що безпосередньо впливали на його функціонування.

Ключові слова: Полтава, вегетаріанське товариство, їдальня, обід, анкета, О. О. Волкенштейн, М.С. Дудченко.
ПРО ПРИЧИНИ ПЕРШОЇ СВІТОВОЇ ВІЙНИ: ПОЛЕМІЧНІ НОТАТКИ
Authors: Потєхін О. В.
Published: October 2021

Згідно з запропонованою в статті концепцією головною причиною Першої світової війни були не реальні економічні, безпекові, соціальні чи будь-які інші проблеми, що їх буцімто прагнули розв’язати можновладці, або містичний «збіг обставин», а геополітичні химери, спотворена картина світу, яка панувала в їхній імперській свідомості. Стаття містить полеміку з дослідниками, які дотримуються протилежних поглядів на причини війни.

Ключові слова: Перша світова війна, 1914, геополітика, національні інтереси, економічні фактори, колонії, імперія, військово-політичні союзи.
ГЕНДЕРНЕ ЗАКОНОДАВСТВО В УКРАЇНІ (1917–1919 р.р.) — ШЛЯХ ДО «ВЕРХОВЕНСТВА ПРАВА»: ІСТОРИКО-ПРАВОВИЙ АНАЛІЗ
Authors: Кoросташова І. М.
Published: October 2021

Статтю присвячено емансипації жінок та впровадженню гендерного законодавства в Україні в 1917–1919 рр. Автор дослідила гендерну ситуацію, що передувала законодавчому закріпленню рівності жінок і чоловіків в Україні та провела історико-правовий аналіз норм гендерного законодавства, впровадженихна початковому етапі його формування в Росії та в Україні. Розкрито особливості законодавчого закріплення рівності жінок і чоловіків в Україні та фактори, що вплинули на гендерну ситуацію, формування і розвиток гендерного законодавства в Україні на початку ХХ ст.

Ключові слова: емансипація жінок, гендерне законодавство, верховенство права, гендерна рівність, права жінок, правове регулювання, дискримінація, юридичне закріплення.
ПІВДЕННИЙ ТІРОЛЬ — ІСТОРИЧНИЙ ШЛЯХ ДО АВТОНОМІЇ
Authors: Кудряченко А. І.
Published: October 2021

У статті досліджено історичний шлях становлення та політико-правові засади функціонування автономії Південного Тіролю, якого на тлі розв’язання міжнаціональних суперечностей, набув цей регіон Республіки Італія у післявоєнний період, з’ясовуються тривалі складнощі на цьому шляху, а також роль міжнародного впливу та особливості запровадження сучасного статусу й успішний розвиток та управління цього автономного краю. На підставі аналізу складових функціонування «розширеної автономії», автор концептуалізує положення щодо можливостей використання в інших державах системи заходів різного рівня стосовно врегулювання міжетнічних конфліктів у прикордонні сусідніх країн і певних елементів даного досвіду розв’язання міжнаціональних протиріч.

Ключові слова: Австрія, Італія, Південний Тіроль, ландтаг, «розширена автономія», єврорегіон, міжетнічний конфлікт, топоніми, мова навчання.