bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unified modelling and control for the power-on gear shift of a planetary transmission
Authors: Wang Erlie , Chen Huiyan , Tao Gang , Wang Xianhui , Wang Hongliang
Published: August 2017

Estimation of the oil hydraulic pressure for the gear-shift elements can be useful for the development of closed-loop control of the automatic transmission fitted to a heavy off-highway vehicle for a good gear-shift quality, to reduce the dissipated energy and the vehicular shift jerk in complex working conditions. The unified dynamic model for a three-degree-of-freedom planetary automatic transmission is presented, and the power-on upshift from first gear to second gear is considered as an example. The unified model is more efficient than the conventional model for the dynamic analysis; furthermore, it provides a computational method for the inertia of the transmission when in gear. From a phased characteristic analysis, real-time estimation of the oil pressure for the gear-shift elements in the sliding process, i.e. the torque phase and the inertia phase, is addressed; then the improved control scheme for the power-on upshift from first gear to second gear is developed and validated using a heavy off-highway vehicle equipped with a high-power full-range speed-regulating diesel engine. The experimental results show that the model-based oil pressure estimation is able to reflect the dynamic characteristics of the system in changing conditions, and the corresponding control strategy can improve the gear-shift quality and the vehicular performance effectively.
Parametric investigation of rotary ultrasonic drilling of carbon fiber reinforced plastics
Authors: Amini Saeid , Baraheni Mohammad , Mardiha Alireza
Published: August 2017

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics are used in various industrial applications for their excellent properties. Rotary ultrasonic drilling is the new machining process used to drill holes on fiber-reinforced plastics and has been attracting increased attention in recent years. Dimensional tolerances are very important in machining of carbon fiber reinforced plastics. Additionally, diamond core drills are simultaneously drilling and grinding fiber reinforced plastics. This paper aims to investigate thrust force and dimensional tolerances including roundness and cylindricity in rotary ultrasonic drilling of carbon fiber reinforced plastics using diamond core drill. To this end, a proper ultrasonic system for a core drill in ABAQUS is designed and fabricated. Thrust force in rotary ultrasonic drilling when compared to conventional drilling reduced by up to 30%. Besides, roundness and cylindricity decreased by up to 80% and 72%, respectively. Afterwards, analysis of variance demonstrated that vibration is more influential than other machining parameters in order to improve the hole accuracy. That is, obtained exponential regression models predict roundness and cylindricity through machining parameters with high accuracy. Feed rate of 30 mm/min and spindle speed of 1400 r/min by exerting vibration on the tool is considered to be the optimized condition.
Impact of homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions on mixed convection flow of a copper–water nanofluid past a permeable shrinking cylinder with thermal radiation
Authors: Zaib Aurang , Banerjee Astick , Bhattacharyya Krishnendu
Published: August 2017

The effect of thermal radiation on mixed convective flow of a copper–water nanofluid past a porous shrinking cylinder with homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions is studied. Using suitable transformations, the partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations. The resulting self-similar equations are numerically solved using shooting method for several values of the pertinent parameters. Both assisting flow and opposing flow are considered in this study. The numerical results signify that the multiple solutions exist for the opposing flow, while for the assisting flow the solution is unique. The results also indicate that dual solutions only exist when a certain value of suction is implemented through the permeable cylinder. Further, the nanoparticle fraction and mixed convective parameter delay the boundary layer separation. A comparison is made with the available published data and is found to be in good agreement.
Suction control of laminar separation bubble over an airfoil at low Reynolds number
Authors: Lei Juanmian , Liu Qingyang , Li Tao
Published: August 2017

A laminar separation bubble appears generally on the NACA2415 airfoil at low Reynolds number. In this paper, suction control of the laminar separation bubble over the NACA2415 airfoil at low Reynolds number are simulated. The effects of suction control on the flow field and the aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil are focused on at different angles of attack. Numerical simulations show that employing the γ-Reθt transition model coupling the k–ω shear stress transport turbulence model can predict the laminar separation bubbles accurately. The results indicate that suction control can delay the transition, decrease the velocity gradient of the boundary layer and inhibit the production of the separation bubble. The effect of the suction control becomes better with the suction location getting closer to the separation bubble and the suction speed (the suction gas speed of suction hole) getting faster. The figure of merit is introduced to evaluate energy consumption of the suction control. In consideration of the economic effects, the suction control is suitable for the larger angle of attack situation at low Reynolds number.
Intervention to improve management of acute hepatitis C infection in a UK sexual health clinic
Authors: Tomkins A , Lee V
Published: August 2017

A case note review was conducted for all newly-diagnosed acute hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients attending our sexual health clinic pre- and post-implementation of an HCV clinic proforma between January 2010 and September 2016. In total, 87 patient notes were included (40 pre-intervention, 47 post-intervention) of whom 81 were HIV-positive. Data were collected regarding documentation of the following: baseline investigations, four-weekly HCV viral load monitoring, risk assessment, partner notification, advice given and Public Health England (PHE) notification. Appropriate baseline investigations, four-weekly monitoring of HCV viral loads, risk assessment and advice documentation all improved in the post-intervention group when compared to pre-intervention. PHE notification and partner notification remained below the national standard post-intervention, with educational measures among relevant staff implemented accordingly. This audit demonstrates improvement across several key areas post clinic proforma implementation.
2017 European guidelines for the management of genital herpes
Authors: Patel Rajul , Kennedy Oliver J , Clarke Emily , Geretti Anna , Nilsen Arvid , Lautenschlager Stephan , Green John , Donders Gilbert , van der Meijden Willem , Gomberg Mikhail , Moi Harald , Foley Elizabeth
Published: August 2017

Genital herpes is one of the commonest sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Using the best available evidence, this guideline recommends strategies for diagnosis, management, and follow-up of the condition as well as for minimising transmission. Early recognition and initiation of therapy is key and may reduce the duration of illness or avoid hospitalisation with complications, including urinary retention, meningism, or severe systemic illness. The guideline covers a range of common clinical scenarios, such as recurrent genital herpes, infection during pregnancy, and co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus.
Adjustment for time-dependent unmeasured confounders in marginal structural Cox models using validation sample data
Authors: Burne Rebecca M , Abrahamowicz Michal
Published: August 2017

Large databases used in observational studies of drug safety often lack information on important confounders. The resulting unmeasured confounding bias may be avoided by using additional confounder information, frequently available in smaller clinical “validation samples”. Yet, no existing method that uses such validation samples is able to deal with unmeasured time-varying variables acting as both confounders and possible mediators of the treatment effect. We propose and compare alternative methods which control for confounders measured only in a validation sample within marginal structural Cox models. Each method corrects the time-varying inverse probability of treatment weights for all subject-by-time observations using either regression calibration of the propensity score, or multiple imputation of unmeasured confounders. Two proposed methods rely on martingale residuals from a Cox model that includes only confounders fully measured in the large database, to correct inverse probability of treatment weight for imputed values of unmeasured confounders. Simulation demonstrates that martingale residual-based methods systematically reduce confounding bias over naïve methods, with multiple imputation including the martingale residual yielding, on average, the best overall accuracy. We apply martingale residual-based imputation to re-assess the potential risk of drug-induced hypoglycemia in diabetic patients, where an important laboratory test is repeatedly measured only in a small sub-cohort.
Patient’s dignity in intensive care unit: A critical ethnography
Authors: Bidabadi Farimah Shirani , Yazdannik Ahmadreza , Zargham-Boroujeni Ali
Published: August 2017

Background:

Maintaining patient’s dignity in intensive care units is difficult because of the unique conditions of both critically-ill patients and intensive care units.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to uncover the cultural factors that impeded maintaining patients’ dignity in the cardiac surgery intensive care unit.

Research Design:

The study was conducted using a critical ethnographic method proposed by Carspecken.

Participants and research context:

Participants included all physicians, nurses and staffs working in the study setting (two cardiac surgery intensive care units). Data collection methods included participant observations, formal and informal interviews, and documents assessment. In total, 200 hours of observation and 30 interviews were performed. Data were analyzed to uncover tacit cultural knowledge and to help healthcare providers to reconstruct the culture of their workplace.

Ethical Consideration:

Ethical approval for the study from Ethics committee of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences was obtained.

Findings:

The findings of the study fell into the following main themes: “Presence: the guarantee for giving enough attention to patients’ self-esteem”, “Instrumental and objectified attitudes”, “Adherence to the human equality principle: value-action gap”, “Paternalistic conduct”, “Improper language”, and “Non-interactive communication”. The final assertion was “Reductionism as a major barrier to the maintaining of patient’s dignity”.

Discussion:

The prevailing atmosphere in subculture of the CSICU was reductionism and paternalism. This key finding is part of the biomedical discourse. As a matter of fact, it is in contrast with dignified care because the latter necessitate holistic attitudes and approaches.

Conclusion:

Changing an ICU culture is not easy; but through increasing awareness and critical self-reflections, the nurses, physicians and other healthcare providers, may be able to reaffirm dignified care and cure in their therapeutic relationships.
The Others: Equitable Access, International Students, and the Community College
Authors: Viggiano Tiffany , López Damián Ariadna I. , Morales Vázquez Evelyn , Levin John S.
Published: August 2017

This qualitative investigation explains the ways in which community college decision makers justify the inclusion of international students at three community colleges in the United States. We identify and explain the ways in which decision makers rationalize institutional policy—particularly recruitment strategies and motivations—related to international students, and discuss whether these policies could be considered ethical in a globalized context. Importantly, we conclude that community college decision makers first crafted a class of privileged international students and then justified price discrimination on the basis of said privilege. This vicious circle, we call the international access paradox, prevented decision makers from recognizing or responding to the needs of low socioeconomic status (SES) international students and international students from disadvantaged countries.
Amelioration of mild and moderate depression through Pranic Healing as adjuvant therapy: randomised double-blind controlled trial
Authors: Rajagopal R , Jois Srikanth N , Mallikarjuna Majgi Sumanth , Anil Kumar MN , Shashidhar HB
Published: August 2017

Objectives:

Depression is a mental disorder, affecting the quality of life. Our study explores the efficacy of Pranic Healing (PH), as an adjuvant therapy in treating depression

Methods:

In this randomised double-blind controlled trial, 52 participants with a mean age of 34.4 years, with mild to moderate depression were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating (HAM-D) scale during the 5-week study. Both Medication + PH (MedPH) and Medication + Mock PH (MedMockPH) groups comprising 26 members received Pranic and mock healing lasting 20 minutes per session respectively once a week for 4 weeks, along with the antidepressant drug.

Results:

The average decrease in HAM-D score in MedPH was median 11 (Interquartile Range (IQR) 7–12) and was significantly higher compared with the MedMockPH group median 6.5 (IQR 3–9). At pre-assessment, both groups had 8 cases of mild and 18 cases of moderate depression. At post-assessment, HAM-D showed that the improvement in depression category was seen in 69.2% of participants in the MedMockPH group and 100% in MedPH group.

Conclusions:

These results give first the evidence that PH can aid as an adjuvant therapy for depressed people.
The Clinical Research Associate Retention Study: A Report From the Children’s Oncology Group
Authors: Owens Pickle Emily E. , Borgerson Dawn , Espirito-Santo Anelise , Wigginton Sabrina , Devine Susan , Stork Sue
Published: August 2017

Pediatric medicine often struggles to receive adequate research funding for its small, yet vulnerable population of patients. Remarkable discovery in pediatric oncology is credited in large part to the collaborative structure of its research community. The Children’s Oncology Group conducts studies supported by the National Cancer Institute. The clinical research associate (CRA) discipline comprises professionals who support administrative duties, regulatory duties, subject management, and data collection at individual research sites. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with CRA retention, as the group continues to have high turnover and position vacancy. A cross-sectional survey design was used to characterize the most frequently cited reasons CRAs gave when considering leaving or staying within their position. Results suggest that low salary, unmanageable workload, lack of career advancement and professional development, and lack of research commitment from the medical team were associated with intent to leave CRA positions. The most frequently cited reasons for staying at their job were the meaningfulness and interest in the work, a supportive principal investigator, and enjoyment working with colleagues. CRAs reported serious but eminently solvable issues that can be addressed using practical and low-cost solutions to improve job satisfaction and retention.
Taking Account of Gender Differences When Designing Interventions in Occupational Health? Lessons from a Study of the “Healthy Enterprise” Standard in Québec: Les différences de genre sont-elles prises en compte lors de la conception des interventions de prévention en santé au travail? Résultats d une étude sur la norme “Entreprises en Santé” dans les entreprises au Québec
Authors: Sultan-Taïeb Hélène , St-Hilaire France , Lefebvre Rébecca , Biron Caroline , Vézina Michel , Brisson Chantal
Published: August 2017

The literature shows substantial differences in occupational exposures between men and women, both between and within occupations, but remains very sparse on whether interventions are tailored to gender differences in the workplace. Our objective was to determine whether gender differences are taken into account when designing prevention interventions. This study is part of a project on the evaluation of interventions implemented in the framework of the “Healthy Enterprise” standard in Quebec organizations. Three sets of quantitative and qualitative data were collected in seven organizations and triangulated. Our results show that in the process of elaborating and implementing activities, the main objectives were to reach a maximum number of workers and meet the needs identified in a health and risk diagnosis. Activities were not tailored to the needs of specific subgroups of employees, such as gender or age. Not distinguishing men’s and women’s situations in this diagnosis may play a role in intervention design.

Résumé

La littérature montre des différences d'exposition au travail importantes entre les hommes et les femmes, y compris à catégories d'emploi identiques. Les études sur l'adaptation des interventions de prévention aux différences de genre dans les milieux de travail sont quasiment inexistantes dans la littérature. Notre objectif était de déterminer dans quelle mesure les différences de genre sont prises en compte lors de la conception des interventions de prévention. Cette étude fait partie d'un projet d'évaluation des interventions mises en uvre dans le cadre de la norme «Entreprises en santéé au Québec. Trois séries de données quantitatives et qualitatives ont été collectées auprès de sept organisations et analysées par triangulation. Nos résultats montrent que lors du processus d'élaboration des activités, les principaux objectifs étaient d'atteindre un nombre maximal de travailleurs et de remplir les besoins identifiés dans le diagnostic des risques et de la santé des travailleurs. Le fait que la situation des hommes et des femmes n'ait pas été analysée séparément dans le diagnostic peut avoir joué un râle dans ce résultat. Les activités de prévention n'ont pas été conçues en tenant compte de sous-groupes de travailleurs en fonction du genre ou de l'âge.
Knitters in a Day Center: The Significance of Social Participation for People With Mild to Moderate Dementia
Authors: Gjernes Trude
Published: August 2017

This article explores how people with dementia interact and solve problems while participating in social activities. The present article highlights social participation and interaction among elderly women with mild dementia who engaged in knitting as their main activity. The data were collected through participant observation at a day center in a Norwegian city, and the analysis revealed that the social activity of knitting facilitated conversations about different topics, required various forms of memory and problem solving, and involved different participant statuses. Being part of the knitting group appeared to help the participants maintain their skills and facilitated sociability.
Positioning Children’s Voice in Clinical Trials Research: A New Model for Planning, Collaboration, and Reflection
Authors: Lees Amanda , Payler Jane , Ballinger Claire , Lawrence Penny , Faust Saul N. , Meads Geoffrey
Published: August 2017

Following the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, there has been considerable growth in research with children about health and services that affect them. Creative methods to engage with children have also been developed. One area where progress has been slower is the inclusion of children’s perspectives in qualitative research in the context of clinical trials or feasibility studies. Addressing this gap, this article discusses experiences of, and reflections on, the process of researching children’s views as part of a clinical feasibility study. The article considers what worked well and highlights remaining dilemmas. A new continuum of children’s engagement in research is presented, designed to assist researchers to make explicit the contingent demands on their research, and to suggest a range of techniques from within the broader fields of health, childhood studies, and education research that could be used to forward qualitative research in clinical contexts.
Evaluation of prediction error resulting from using average state variables in the calibration of ductile fracture criterion
Authors: Zhuang Xincun , Meng Yehui , Zhao Zhen
Published: August 2017

In order to evaluate the prediction error resulting from using average state variables in the calibration procedure of the ductile fracture criterion, a series of experiments and corresponding simulations were performed to extract the evolution of fracture-related state variables such as stress triaxiality (η), Lode parameter, and equivalent strain to fracture at the fracture initiation points. The average stress triaxiality, average Lode parameter, and equivalent strain to fracture were used to calibrate the Lou-Huh (L-H) ductile fracture criterion. The average induced prediction error was evaluated by comparing the accumulated damage value, which was computed with the calibrated L-H ductile fracture criterion at the fracture initiation point, with the critical threshold value. Comparisons based on a series of experiments covering a wide range of values for stress triaxiality indicated the existence of an average induced prediction error for the compression tests, and demonstrated that different values of embedded-constants C1 and C2 of L-H ductile fracture criterion resulted in entirely different average induced prediction errors. Thus, a parameter study was performed to investigate the influences of C1, C2, the relationship of η and equivalent plastic strain ([Formula: see text]), and the internal function of the integral formula on the average induced relative error. The influence of the relationship of [Formula: see text] could be represented by the influence of the exponent a, the intercept for the stress triaxiality, and the allocation of equivalent strain for the segmented function. Among these influence factors, the value of C2, the value of the exponent a, and the value of the negative intercept for stress triaxiality contributed significantly to an increase in relative error.
Effect of Acetaminophen on the Prevention of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Sepsis
Authors: Patanwala Asad E. , Aljuhani Ohoud , Bakhsh Hussain , Erstad Brian L.
Published: August 2017

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) commonly occurs in patients with sepsis. Acetaminophen (APAP) has been shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation and, thus, may be renal protective in patients with sepsis. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of APAP on AKI in patients with sepsis. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at 2 affiliated academic medical centers in the United States. Adult patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of severe sepsis were included. Patients were categorized based on whether APAP was received within the first 7 days of hospitalization (APAP or no APAP groups). The primary outcome measure was occurrence or increase in AKI stage from admission. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to adjust for potential confounders. Results: There were 238 patients who were included in the study cohort. Of these, 122 received APAP and 116 did not receive APAP. AKI or exacerbation occurred in 16.4% (n = 20) of patients in the APAP group and 19.8% (n = 23) of patients in the no APAP group ( P = 0.505). After adjusting for the most important confounders, there was no significant association between APAP use and AKI (odds ratio = 1.2; 95% CI = 0.6-2.4; P = 0.639). Conclusion: APAP use in critically ill patients with sepsis may not reduce the occurrence or exacerbation of AKI.
Validation of the Advanced Clinical Solutions Word Choice Test (WCT) in a Mixed Clinical Sample: Establishing Classification Accuracy, Sensitivity/Specificity, and Cutoff Scores
Authors: Bain Kathleen M. , Soble Jason R.
Published: August 2017

This study examined the Word Choice Test’s (WCT) utility as a performance validity test in a mixed clinical sample of veterans referred for neuropsychological evaluation. Participants completed Green’s Word Memory Test (WMT), WCT, and Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) Trial 1. Using the WMT as the criterion for valid performance, logistic regressions examined the WCT and TOMM’s classification accuracy for those with and without cognitive impairment (CI). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to establish cut scores which maximized the sensitivity/specificity of each measure. In those without CI, both tests showed good classification accuracy (86.7% and 85.0%, respectively). Among those with CI, the TOMM retained good classification accuracy (82.3%), while the WCT’s decreased considerably (69.4%). Optimal WCT cut scores differed based on impairment status, with a higher sensitivity/specificity trade-off among those with CI. Successful performance on the WCT appeared to rely more heavily on cognitive processes unrelated to performance validity.
Comparison of complete and simplified models in terms of eigenvalues of cyclically symmetric ring structures
Authors: Wang Shiyu , Zhang Penghui , Sun Wenjia
Published: August 2017

This work examines the free and parametric vibrations of constrained cyclically symmetric ring structures and compares the restrictions from different modeling assumptions. A complete model and two simplified models are developed by introducing different restrictions on deflections. The eigenvalues are formulated by direct perturbation and mode superposition. The results verify that they are comparable on the condition that the stiffness ratio of the rotating support to ring bending is relatively small. The eigenvalue splitting, parametric instability and their relationships are determined in closed form. The simplified models can correctly predict the splitting behavior before or after the loci veering. Two types of models obtain the same rules governing the instability, but the simplified models cannot accurately approach the time-evolution of the instability. Hence, it needs to be cautious to use the simplified models to estimate the instability behaviors for a cyclically symmetric ring structure with larger stiffness ratios especially within the loci veering range. Main results are verified by numerical calculations.
Toronto and São Paulo: Cities and International Diplomacy
Authors: Stren Richard , Friendly Abigail
Published: August 2017

With globalization, the largest cities in the world have been growing in economic importance. And their local powers have often been enhanced as a result of decentralization reforms over the past two decades. In this context, cities—and particularly their mayors—have been reaching out to other cities and jurisdictions to pursue a variety of goals. One term for this process is “paradiplomacy,” but most of the literature on the subject gives little attention to the local political dynamics behind these initiatives. In this article, we explore these local dynamics through a comparison of two major cities, Toronto, Canada, and São Paulo, Brazil. The cases show that external initiatives, both in scope and direction, vary according to the political strategies of the elected mayors. These strategies are strongly affected by the local context and by the political logic of mayoral leadership.
Comparative analysis of thermal-assisted high pressure and thermally processed mango pulp: Influence of processing, packaging, and storage
Authors: Kaushik Neelima , Rao P Srinivasa , Mishra HN
Published: August 2017

Storage stability and shelf-life of mango pulp packed in three different packaging films and processed using an optimized thermal-assisted high pressure processing treatment ‘HPP’ (600 MPa/52 ℃/10 min) was analyzed during refrigerated (5 ℃) and accelerated (37 ℃) storage and compared with the conventional thermal treatment ‘TT’ (0.1 MPa/95 ℃/15 min). After processing, HPP resulted in relatively lower total color difference (3.5), retained higher ascorbic acid (95%), total phenolics (106%), total flavonoids content (118%) in mango pulp compared to TT, with values of 5.0, 62, 83, 73%, respectively. However, HPP led to ∼50% enzymes inactivation (pectin methylesterase, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase) in comparison to >90% obtained during TT. Both HPP and TT resulted in > 5 log10 units reduction of the studied microorganisms to give a safe product. In contrast to the refrigerated storage, quality changes under accelerated conditions were found to be considerably rapid and dependent on packaging material irrespective of the method of processing. Shelf-life under refrigeration was limited by microbial growth and sensory quality; whereas, browning restricted the shelf-life during accelerated storage. HPP in aluminum-based retort pouch was adjudged superior processing -packaging combination for maximizing the shelf-life of mango pulp to 120 and 58 days during refrigerated and accelerated storage, respectively. In comparison, TT led to higher quality changes upon processing than HPP and resulted in shelf-life of 110 and 58 days under the same packaging and storage conditions, respectively.
Correlations Between Clinical Trial Outcomes Based on Symptoms, Functional Impairments, and Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents With ADHD
Authors: Coghill David R. , Joseph Alain , Sikirica Vanja , Kosinski Mark , Bliss Caleb , Huss Michael
Published: August 2017

Objective: To assess relationships between treatment-associated changes in measures of ADHD symptoms, functional impairments, and health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with ADHD. Method: Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated post hoc for changes from baseline to endpoint in outcomes of one randomized, placebo- and active-controlled trial of lisdexamfetamine (osmotic-release methylphenidate reference) and one of guanfacine extended-release (atomoxetine reference). Results: Changes in ADHD Rating Scale IV (ADHD-RS-IV) total score generally correlated moderately with changes in Child Health and Illness Profile−Child Edition: Parent Report Form (CHIP-CE:PRF) Achievement and Risk Avoidance ( r ≈ .4), but weakly with Resilience, Satisfaction, and Comfort ( r ≈ .2); and moderately with Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale–Parent (WFIRS-P) total score ( r ≈ .5). CHIP-CE:PRF Achievement and Risk Avoidance correlated moderately to strongly with WFIRS-P total score ( r ≈ .6). Conclusion: The ADHD-RS-IV, CHIP-CE:PRF, and WFIRS-P capture distinct but interconnected aspects of treatment response in individuals with ADHD.
Pain, Bullying Involvement, and Mental Health Problems Among Children and Adolescents With ADHD in Taiwan
Authors: Yeh Yi-Chun , Huang Mei-Feng , Wu Yu-Yu , Hu Huei-Fan , Yen Cheng-Fang
Published: August 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relationships of pain and pain-induced functional impairment with bullying involvement, as well as the relationships between pain and mental health problems among 474 children and adolescents with ADHD. Method: The levels of pain, pain-induced functional impairment, involvement in bullying, depression, anxiety, ADHD symptoms, and sleep quality were assessed. Results: Both victims of verbal and relational bullying and victims of physical bullying were more likely to have pain and pain-induced functional impairment than nonvictims. The perpetrators of verbal and relational bullying were more likely to have pain than the nonperpetrators. Participants with pain and pain-induced functional impairment experienced more severe depression and anxiety and worse sleep quality than did those without pain or pain-induced functional impairment. Conclusion: Clinical and educational professionals should consider the possibility of involvement in bullying and comorbid depression, anxiety, and poor sleep quality among ADHD children and adolescents with pain problems.
Systemic Juvenile Xanthogranuloma Involving the Bone Marrow, Multiple Bones, and the Skin That Developed During Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Remission State
Authors: Cheon Eunjae , Yang Saemi , Han Jae Ho , Lee Kwang Chul , Park Jun Eun
Published: August 2017

Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a rare benign disorder classified as non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis, with unclear etiology and pathogenesis. JXG is generally characterized by solitary or multiple cutaneous nodules that resolve spontaneously over a few years. JXG rarely presents as extracutaneous lesions that progress to a symptomatic systemic disorder through multiple organ involvement. We encountered a systemic JXG case involving the bone marrow, multiple bones, and the skin during acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment. A 16-year-old boy undergoing ALL treatment experienced unexplained prolonged fever and scalp, hip joint, and right knee joint pain for 2 weeks during interim maintenance chemotherapy. Bone marrow pathologic findings revealed no evidence of leukemia relapse but showed diffuse infiltration of histiocytes with several Touton-type giant cells; the stains were positive for CD68 and negative for CD1a and S100 protein. Bone and skin biopsies confirmed the findings. Symptoms have resolved since maintenance chemotherapy, which included vincristine, dexamethasone, 6-mercaptopurine, and methotrexate. Bone marrow involvement of JXG is very rare, occurring only in patients less than 1 year of age; however, this case was reported in an adolescent during ALL treatment.
Nonlinear dynamic response and vibration of imperfect eccentrically stiffened sandwich third-order shear deformable FGM cylindrical panels in thermal environments
Authors: Duc Nguyen D , Tuan Ngo Duc , Tran Phuong , Quan Tran Q , Van Thanh Nguyen
Published: August 2017

This study follows an analytical approach to investigate the nonlinear dynamic response and vibration of eccentrically stiffened sandwich functionally graded material (FGM) cylindrical panels with metal–ceramic layers on elastic foundations in thermal environments. It is assumed that the FGM cylindrical panel is reinforced by the eccentrically longitudinal and transversal stiffeners and subjected to mechanical and thermal loads. The material properties are assumed to be temperature dependent and graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution. Based on the Reddy’s third-order shear deformation shell theory, the motion and compatibility equations are derived taking into account geometrical nonlinearity and Pasternak-type elastic foundations. The outstanding feature of this study is that both FGM cylindrical panel and stiffeners are assumed to be deformed in the presence of temperature. Explicit relation of deflection–time curves and frequencies of FGM cylindrical panel are determined by applying stress function, Galerkin method and fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The influences of material and geometrical parameters, elastic foundations and stiffeners on the nonlinear dynamic and vibration of the sandwich FGM panels are discussed in detail. The obtained results are validated by comparing with other results in the literature.
Prediction of nonlinear eigenfrequency of laminated curved sandwich structure using higher-order equivalent single-layer theory
Authors: Katariya Pankaj V , Panda Subrata K , Mahapatra Trupti R
Published: August 2017

The frequency responses of free vibrated composite sandwich panel structure are investigated numerically by considering the geometrical nonlinearity via generalised Green–Lagrange strain kinematics in the framework of the equivalent single layer theory. The consistency and the accuracy of the current finite element solutions have been checked by solving a wide variety of examples taken as same as the reference. After the model standardisation, it is further extended to show the influence of various geometrical design parameters (side-to-thickness ratio, core-to-face thickness ratio, curvature ratio, lamination scheme and support condition) on the nonlinear frequencies of the sandwich composite flat/curved panel structure evaluated when computed using higher-order kinematic model. Also, the sandwich structural responses obtained using the equivalent higher-order kinematic model not only easy to implement but also the computational cost is low without hampering the accuracy of structural response.
Chondroitin Sulfate Inhibits Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Release From 3T3-L1 Adipocytes: A New Treatment Opportunity for Obesity-Related Inflammation?
Authors: Stabler Thomas V , Montell Eulàlia , Vergés Josep , Huebner Janet L , Kraus Virginia Byers
Published: August 2017

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) overproduction from inflamed adipose tissue is a major contributor to obesity-related metabolic syndromes. 3T3-L1 embryonic fibroblasts were cultured and differentiated into adipocytes using an established protocol. Adipocytes were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation and thus MCP-1 release. At the same time, varying concentrations of chondroitin sulfate (CS) were added in a physiologically relevant range (10-200 µg/mL) to determine its impact on MCP-1 release. Chondroitin sulfate, a natural glycosaminoglycan of connective tissue including the cartilage extracellular matrix, was chosen on the basis of our previous studies demonstrating its anti-inflammatory effect on macrophages. Because the main action of MCP-1 is to induce monocyte migration, cultured THP-1 monocytes were used to test whether CS at the highest physiologically relevant concentration could inhibit cell migration induced by human recombinant MCP-1. Chondroitin sulfate (100-200 µg/mL) inhibited MCP-1 release from inflamed adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner ( P < .01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −5.89 to −3.858 at 100 µg/mL and P < .001, 95% CI: −6.028 to −3.996 at 200 µg/mL) but had no effect on MCP-1–driven chemotaxis of THP-1 monocytes. In summary, CS could be expected to reduce macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue by reduction in adipocyte expression and release of MCP-1 and as such might reduce adipose tissue inflammation in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli such as LPS, now increasingly recognized to be relevant in vivo.
Living class in a ‘meritocratic’ Australia: The burdens of class and choice on young people’s end-of-school transitions
Authors: Donovan Felix
Published: August 2017

In the Australian education system, there are substantial class inequalities in educational outcomes and transitions. These inequalities persist despite increased choice and individual opportunity for young people. This article explores high school students’ experiences of class in a social context they largely believe to be a meritocracy. Specifically, it asks: how does class shape young people’s thinking and decision-making about their post-school futures? I use Bourdieu’s ‘habitus’ as a frame to understand the role of class in young people’s lives, stressing its generative and heterogeneous aspects. Drawing on qualitative-led mixed methods research, this article argues that young people have internalised the ‘doxa’ of meritocracy, agency and ambition, conceiving of themselves as individual agents in this context. However, risk and security, opportunities and constraints, are not distributed equally in a class-stratified society. Young people from working-class backgrounds more commonly imagine insecure, uncertain futures.
Aero-servo-elastic analysis of a hypersonic aircraft
Authors: Qian Wei , Bai Yuguang , Chen Xiangyan , Lu Taojun
Published: August 2017

Aero-servo-elastic analysis of a complex hypersonic aircraft is presented in this paper. A structure geometry was designed and built based on the X-43A vehicle. First, a three-dimensional structural finite element model was proposed with effective two-dimensional elements, which can obtain effective modal analysis results without useless local modes. Second, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation was adopted to find aero-heating distribution of thermal mode via this structure. Aero-heating effect was included to study thermal-modal characteristics of the present structure. Influence due to material characteristic change and thermal stress was studied. After structural finite element analysis was completed, flutter of the present vehicle was investigated. Aero-servo-elastic analysis was then started from the definition of an aero-servo-elastic closed-loop system. In this system, the present aircraft is treated as flexible structure, in which the control sensor on the aircraft received not only rigid motion signal but also elastic vibration signal, and this signal can translate into the deflection signal to form aerodynamic control force through this aero-servo control system, and this force can continually influence aerodynamic force. One of the most important steps for this analysis was computation of unsteady aerodynamic force of the present structure, and the related process was developed based on an effective fitting method. Finally, bode diagrams of pitching, rolling and yawing were investigated, form which the law of aero-servo stability of the X-43A vehicle can be observed and analyzed. It can be found from the results of this paper that effective investigation of aero-servo-elastic characteristics of a complex hypersonic aircraft should be based on accurate structural finite element modeling, modal analysis and flutter analysis. The proposed method in this paper can provide effective analysis process for the design of controller for hypersonic aircraft.
Accidental communities: Chance operations in urban life and field research
Authors: Rosen Matthew
Published: August 2017

This article explores themes of chance and contingency in relation to field research I carried out in a network of outdoor newspaper libraries in Pune, India. Appearing amid the city’s transformation into a major regional hub linking western Maharashtra into the global economy, the vernacular institution of the footpath library emerges as a lens for bringing a range of issues related to social change in urban India into clearer focus. I show that the street library is not just a quiet place to sit and read but a site of social visibility and cultural assertion for Marathi-speaking migrants in the city.
Human perceptions of colour rendition at different chromaticities
Authors: Royer MP , Wilkerson A , Wei M
Published: August 2017

An experiment was conducted to evaluate how perceptions of a light source’s colour quality depend upon colour rendition and chromaticity. Thirty-four participants each evaluated 50 lighting scenes in a 3.7 m by 5.5 m room filled with objects. The lighting scenes included five chromaticity groups, with 10 systematically-varied colour rendition conditions repeated in each group. Participants, who chromatically adapted to each chromaticity group, were asked to rate each scene on eight point scales for saturated-dull, normal-shifted and like–dislike (preference), as well as choosing whether they found the scenes to be acceptable or unacceptable. The findings suggest that colour rendition perceptions can vary with chromaticity, with an interactive effect of correlated colour temperature and Duv. The same IES TM-30-15 measures, Fidelity Index (IES Rf), Gamut Index (IES Rg) and hue-angle bin 16 (Red) Local Chroma Shift (IES Rcs,h16), could be used to effectively model perceptions within each chromaticity group, and provided suitable performance for the overall set of 50 conditions. The differences in ratings between the chromaticity groups were substantially smaller than the range in ratings for the 10 colour rendition conditions within each group, allowing the same acceptability-based criteria of IES Rf ≥ 75, IES Rg ≥ 98 and −7% ≤ IES Rcs,h16 ≤ 15% to be applied to all chromaticity groups.
Online Communication Training for Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Douglas Sarah N. , Kammes Rebecca , Nordquist Erica
Published: August 2017

Parent training is an essential part of quality programming for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, limited research exists exploring online training approaches to support parents of children with both ASD and complex communication needs (CCN; e.g., limited verbal ability), despite the many benefits that online training might have for these parents and the overall sustainability and scalability of such approaches. This study utilized a single-subject multiple probe design with three parents and their children to explore the impact of online parent training for parents and their children with ASD and CCN. Training included online interactive components to teach parents a communication strategy, as well as live practice sessions during which parents implemented the strategy, had an opportunity to ask questions, and engaged in self-reflection. Results indicated that training increased communication opportunities and responses provided by parents, and communication by the child. Limitations and future research directions are discussed.
Postmaterialist Particularism: What Petitions Can Tell Us About Biases in the Policy Agenda
Authors: Hersh Eitan D. , Schaffner Brian F.
Published: August 2017

Groups with financial resources dominate the pool of lobbyists and political donors. Scholars and reformers often point to the outsized influence of moneyed elites when they consider economic inequality that results from public policy. Here, we expand the scope of existing work by focusing attention on the types of policy proposals placed on the issue agenda in a venue where financial resources are not a prerequisite for participation—policy-oriented online petitions. Even in this more egalitarian sphere of participation, the policy agenda reflects some of the same biases that exist in other venues. Specifically, petitioners favor particularistic policy proposals over those with broader consequences and they are inclined toward postmaterialist issues rather than redistributive ones. In this open and popular venue for policy engagement, redistributive policy is off the agenda. Our theory of postmaterialist particularism offers a behavioral-psychological lens through which to understand this phenomenon.