bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Core Abilities Evaluation Index System Exploration and Empirical Study on Distributed PV-Generation Projects
Authors: He Lin , Li Chang-Ling , Nie Qing-Yun , Men Yan , Shao Hai , Zhu Jiang
Published: December 2017

In line with the constraints of environmental problems and economic development, large-scale renewable-generation projects have been planned and constructed in recent years. In order to achieve sustainable power development and improve the power supply structure, China’s government has focused on distributed photovoltaic (PV) generation projects due to their advantages of clean emission and local consumption. However, their unstable output power still brings a series of problems concerning reliability, investment income, and available substitution proportion to traditional power, and so on. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the competitive development abilities of distributed PV generation projects and measure them effectively. First, through various investigation methods such as literature reviews, feasibility report analysis and expert interviews, the factors that influence the core abilities of distributed PV-generation projects were explored based on the micro-grid structure. Then, with the indexed exploration results, the factors were classified into 6 dimensions, i.e., investment and earning ability, production and operation ability, power-grid coordination ability, energy-conservation and emission-reduction ability, sustainable development ability, and society-serving ability. Meanwhile, an evaluation index system for core abilities of distributed PV-generation project was constructed using all quantitative indicators. Third, for examining the availability of the evaluation index system, combination weighting and techniques for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) methods were adopted to assess the practical distributed PV-generation projects. The case study results showed that installed capacity, local economy development, and grid-connected power quantity will influence the core abilities of distributed PV-generation project, obviously. The conclusions of the evaluation analysis on core abilities can provide useful references to operate and manage distributed PV-generation projects and promote their sustainable and health advantages. The proposed evaluation index system can also be used to assess power-generation projects in other types of energy, such as wind power and hydropower.
When Markers Meet Marketing: Ethnicity, Race, Hybridity, and Kinship in Genetic Genealogy Television Advertising
Authors: Scodari Christine
Published: December 2017

The essay explores issues pertaining to genetics vs. culture in understandings of kinship, hybridity as a disruptor of essentialist conceptions of race, the fetishization of ethnicity and culture, racist misuses of genetic science, processes of racialization, and counter-hegemonic resistance. Thirty- and sixty-second television advertisements airing in the U.S. from the 23andMe and AncestryDNA genetic genealogy testing services are analyzed in this context. The investigation demonstrates that genetic ancestry testing providers are well aware that their enterprise is premised on belief in the superiority of biological kinship and that hybridity is mobilized primarily as a marketing opportunity with ethnic components signified in shorthand by fetishized objects. Moreover, the categories of race and ethnicity presented in the ads give cover to racist abusers of genetic science, as the ads are consistent with socially constructed racial classifications. While maintaining this consistency, the categories are subject to adjustment based on the expectations of consumers. Resistance is possible in the use of genetic ancestry by descendants of African slaves to make localized connections to Africa, something that conventional genealogy seldom provides.
The Effect of Branding to Promote Healthy Behavior: Reducing Tobacco Use among Youth and Young Adults
Authors: Vallone Donna , Greenberg Marisa , Xiao Haijun , Bennett Morgane , Cantrell Jennifer , Rath Jessica , Hair Elizabeth
Published: December 2017

Policy interventions such as public health mass media campaigns disseminate messages in order to improve health-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors at the population level. Only more recently have campaigns that promote health-related behaviors adopted branding, a well-established marketing strategy, to influence how consumers think and feel about a message. This study examines whether positive brand equity for the national truth® campaign is associated with lower likelihood of cigarette use over time using the nationally representative Truth Longitudinal Cohort of youth and young adults, aged 15–21. Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between brand equity and the likelihood of reporting past 30-day smoking over a 12-month period. Respondents who reported positive brand equity were significantly less likely to report past 30-day smoking 12 months later (OR = 0.66, p < 0.05), controlling for covariates known to influence tobacco use behavior. Findings also translate the effect size difference to a population estimate of more than 300,000 youth and young adults having been prevented from current smoking over the course of a year. Building brand equity is a strategic process for health promotion campaigns, not only to improve message recall and salience but also to influence behavioral outcomes.
Influenza A Virus M2 Protein: Roles from Ingress to Egress
Authors: Manzoor Rashid , Igarashi Manabu , Takada Ayato
Published: December 2017

Influenza A virus (IAV) matrix protein 2 (M2) is among the smallest bona fide, hence extensively studied, ion channel proteins. The M2 ion channel activity is not only essential for virus replication, but also involved in modulation of cellular homeostasis in a variety of ways. It is also the target for ion channel inhibitors, i.e., anti-influenza drugs. Thus far, several studies have been conducted to elucidate its biophysical characteristics, structure-function relationships of the ion channel, and the M2-host interactome. In this review, we discuss M2 protein synthesis and assembly into an ion channel, its roles in IAV replication, and the pathophysiological impact on the host cell.
Acute Encephalitis in an Adult with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma with Secondary Involvement of the Central Nervous System: Infectious or Non-Infectious Etiology?
Authors: Moonga Surinder , Liang Kenneth , Cunha Burke
Published: December 2017

Both infectious and non-infectious etiologies of acute encephalitis have been described, as well as their specific presentations, diagnostic tests, and therapies. Classic findings of acute encephalitis include altered mental status, fever, and new lesions on neuroimaging or electroencephalogram (EEG). We report an interesting case of a 61-year-old male with a history of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with secondary involvement of the central nervous system (SCNS-DLBCL). He presented with acute encephalitis: altered mental status, fever, leukocytosis, neuropsychiatric symptoms, multiple unchanged brain lesions on computed tomography scan of the head, and EEG showed mild to moderate diffuse slowing with low-moderate polymorphic delta and theta activity. With such a wide range of symptoms, the differential diagnosis included paraneoplastic and autoimmune encephalitis. Infectious and autoimmune/paraneoplastic encephalitis in patients with SCNS-DLBCL are not well documented in the literature, hence diagnosis and therapy becomes challenging. This case report describes the patient’s unique presentation of acute encephalitis.
Relationship between Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity of Trihydroxyflavones
Authors: Grigalius Ignas , Petrikaite Vilma
Published: December 2017

Plant polyphenols have been highlighted not only as chemopreventive, but also as potential anticancer substances. Flavones are a subclass of natural flavonoids reported to have an antioxidant and anticancer activity. The aim of our study was to evaluate antioxidant and anticancer activity of seventeen trihydroxyflavone derivatives, including apigenin (API) and baicalein (BCL). Also, we wanted to find out if there is a correlation between those two effects. Cell growth inhibition testing was carried out using MTT assay in three different human cancer cell lines: lung (A549), breast (MCF-7) and brain epithelial (U87). Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH radical scavenging method. Thirteen trihydroxyflavones possessed anticancer activity against at least one tested cancer cell line. They were more active against the MCF-7 cell line, and the lowest activity was determined against the U87 cell line. The majority of compounds inhibited cancer cell growth at EC50 values between 10–50 µM. The most active compound was 3’,4’,5-trihydroxyflavone 7, especially against A549 and MCF-7 cell lines. The correlation between anti-proliferative and antioxidant activity was only moderate, and it was determined for A549 and U87 cancer cell lines. The most important fragment for those two effects is the ortho-dihydroxy group in ring B. Conclusions. Trihydroxyflavones demonstrated anticancer activity. Further and more detailed studies should to be carried out to estimate the structure–activity relationship of these compounds.
Natural Korean Medicine Dang-Gui: Biosynthesis, Effective Extraction and Formulations of Major Active Pyranocoumarins, Their Molecular Action Mechanism in Cancer, and Other Biological Activities
Authors: Reddy Chinreddy , Kim Seong , Hur Mok , Kim Yeon , Park Chun , Lee Woo , Jang Jae , Koo Sung
Published: December 2017

Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) is a crucial oriental medicinal herb that grows especially in Korea and the Far-East countries. It contains chemically active compounds like pyranocoumarins, polyacetylenes and essential oils, which might be useful for treatment of several chronic diseases. It has been used for centuries as a traditional medicine in Southeast Asia, but in Western countries is used as a functional food and a major ingredient of several herbal products. The genus Angelica is also known as ‘female ginseng’ due to its critical therapeutic role in female afflictions, such as gynecological problems. However, it is well-documented that the AGN pyranocoumarins may play vital beneficial roles against cancer, neurodisorders, inflammation, osteoporosis, amnesia, allergies, depression, fungi, diabetes, ischemia, dermatitis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and androgen. Though numerous studies revealed the role of AGN pyranocoumarins as therapeutic agents, none of the reviews have published their molecular mechanism of action. To the best of our knowledge, this would be the first review that aims to appraise the biosynthesis of AGN’s major active pyranocoumarins, discuss effective extraction and formulation methods, and detail the molecular action mechanism of decursin (D), decursinol angelate (DA) and decursinol (DOH) in chronic diseases, which would further help extension of research in this area.
Proteomic Contributions to Medicinal Plant Research: From Plant Metabolism to Pharmacological Action
Authors: Hashiguchi Akiko , Tian Jingkui , Komatsu Setsuko
Published: December 2017

Herbal medicine is a clinical practice of utilizing medicinal plant derivatives for therapeutic purposes. It has an enduring history worldwide and plays a significant role in the fight against various diseases. Herbal drug combinations often exhibit synergistic therapeutic action compared with single-constituent dosage, and can also enhance the cytotoxicity induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. To explore the mechanism underlying the pharmacological action of herbs, proteomic approaches have been applied to the physiology of medicinal plants and its effects on animals. This review article focuses on the existing proteomics-based medicinal plant research and discusses the following topics: (i) plant metabolic pathways that synthesize an array of bioactive compounds; (ii) pharmacological action of plants tested using in vivo and in vitro studies; and (iii) the application of proteomic approaches to indigenous plants with scarce sequence information. The accumulation of proteomic information in a biological or medicinal context may help in formulating the effective use of medicinal plants.
Analysis of Suspended Particulate Matter and Its Drivers in Sahelian Ponds and Lakes by Remote Sensing (Landsat and MODIS): Gourma Region, Mali
Authors: Robert Elodie , Kergoat Laurent , Soumaguel Nogmana , Merlet Sébastien , Martinez Jean-Michel , Diawara Mamadou , Grippa Manuela
Published: December 2017

The Sahelian region is characterized by significant variations in precipitation, impacting water quantity and quality. Suspended particulate matter (SPM) dynamics has a significant impact on inland water ecology and water resource management. In-situ data in this region are scarce and, consequently, the environmental factors triggering SPM variability are yet to be understood. This study addresses these issues using remote sensing optical data. Turbidity and SPM of the Agoufou Lake in Sahelian Mali were measured from October 2014 to present, providing a large range of `values (SPM ranging from 106 to 4178 mg/L). These data are compared to satellite reflectance from Landsat (ETM+, OLI) and MODIS (MOD09GQ, MYD09GQ). For each of these sensors, a spectral band in the near infrared region is found to be well suited to retrieve turbidity and SPM, up to very high values (R2 = 0.70) seldom addressed by remote sensing studies. The satellite estimates are then employed to assess the SPM dynamics in the main lakes and ponds of the Gourma region and its links to environmental and anthropogenic factors. The main SPM seasonal peak is observed in the rainy season (June to September) in relation to precipitation and sediment transport. A second important peak occurs during the dry season, highlighting the importance of resuspension mechanisms in maintaining high values of SPM. Three different periods are observed: first, a relatively low winds period in the early dry season, when SPM decreases rapidly due to deposition; then, a period of wind-driven resuspension in January‒March; and lastly, an SPM deposition period in April–May, when the monsoon replaces the winter trade wind. Overall, a significant increase of 27% in SPM values is observed between 2000 and 2016 in the Agoufou Lake. The significant spatio-temporal variability in SPM revealed by this study highlights the importance of high resolution optical sensors for continuous monitoring of water quality in these poorly instrumented regions.
Face Liveness Detection Based on Skin Blood Flow Analysis
Authors: Wang Shun-Yi , Yang Shih-Hung , Chen Yon-Ping , Huang Jyun-We
Published: December 2017

Face recognition systems have been widely adopted for user authentication in security systems due to their simplicity and effectiveness. However, spoofing attacks, including printed photos, displayed photos, and replayed video attacks, are critical challenges to authentication, and these spoofing attacks allow malicious invaders to gain access to the system. This paper proposes two novel features for face liveness detection systems to protect against printed photo attacks and replayed attacks for biometric authentication systems. The first feature obtains the texture difference between red and green channels of face images inspired by the observation that skin blood flow in the face has properties that enable distinction between live and spoofing face images. The second feature estimates the color distribution in the local regions of face images, instead of whole images, because image quality might be more discriminative in small areas of face images. These two features are concatenated together, along with a multi-scale local binary pattern feature, and a support vector machine classifier is trained to discriminate between live and spoofing face images. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method for face spoof detection is promising when compared with that of previously published methods. Furthermore, the proposed system can be implemented in real time, which is valuable for mobile applications.
Complexity Phenomena Induced by Novel Symmetry and Symmetry-Breakings with Antiscreening at Cosmological Scales—A Tutorial
Authors: Chang Tom
Published: December 2017

Complexity phenomena in cosmological evolution due to the scale-running of the propagator coupling constant can yield new insights related to virtual particles and antiscreening effects with dark matter consequences. This idea was developed in accordance with the differential-integral functional formulation of the Wilsonian renormalization group based on the one-particle irreducible scale-dependent effective action for gravitational evolution. In this tutorial communication, we briefly describe the essence of the result with minimal mathematical details and then consider a few simple examples to provide a basic understanding of such an interesting and intriguing complexity process in terms of fractional calculus.
Event and Community Development: Planning Legacy for the 2008 European Capital of Culture, Liverpool
Authors: Liu Yi-De
Published: December 2017

Event legacy has become a major topic of discussion in recent years. Especially, European Capital of Culture is emerging as a means of facilitating community development in Europe. Based on a case study of the 2008 European Capital of Culture Liverpool, this article aims to conceptualise the relationship between an event and its sustained effects on community development. Methodologically, adopting case study as approach, both primary and secondary were collected and analysed, including four times neighborhood surveys, official evaluation reports and academic publications. The study period is from 2007 to 2015 to monitor changes in an event’s impacts. The results reveal four dimensions of effects, including: cultural access and engagement, volunteering, governance and infrastructure, and sense of place. Overall, the study stresses the importance of integrating the event into a long-term development strategy of the city, through synergies between culture and urban regeneration and community renewal.
Spatial Evaluation of Multiple Benefits to Encourage Multi-Functional Design of Sustainable Drainage in Blue-Green Cities
Authors: Fenner Richard
Published: December 2017

Urban drainage systems that incorporate elements of green infrastructure (SuDS/GI) are central features in Blue-Green and Sponge Cities. Such approaches provide effective control of stormwater management whilst generating a range of other benefits. However these benefits often occur coincidentally and are not developed or maximised in the original design. Of all the benefits that may accrue, the relevant dominant benefits relating to specific locations and socio-environmental circumstances need to be established, so that flood management functions can be co-designed with these wider benefits to ensure both are achieved during system operation. The paper reviews a number of tools which can evaluate the multiple benefits of SuDS/GI interventions in a variety of ways and introduces new concepts of benefit intensity and benefit profile. Examples of how these concepts can be applied is provided in a case study of proposed SuDS/GI assets in the central area of Newcastle; UK. Ways in which SuDS/GI features can be actively extended to develop desired relevant dominant benefits are discussed; e.g., by (i) careful consideration of tree and vegetation planting to trap air pollution; (ii) extending linear SuDS systems such as swales to enhance urban connectivity of green space; and (iii) managing green roofs for the effective attenuation of noise or carbon sequestration. The paper concludes that more pro-active development of multiple benefits is possible through careful co-design to achieve the full extent of urban enhancement SuDS/GI schemes can offer.
Maximum Entropy Approach in Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Farsani Zahra , Schmid Volker
Published: December 2017

Background: In the estimation of physiological kinetic parameters from Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) data, the determination of the arterial input function (AIF) plays a key role.

Objectives: This paper proposes a Bayesian method to estimate the physiological parameters of DCE-MRI along with the AIF in situations, where no measurement of the AIF is available.

Methods: In the proposed algorithm, the maximum entropy method (MEM) is combined with the maximum a posterior approach (MAP). To this end, MEM is used to specify a prior probability distribution of the unknown AIF. The ability of this method to estimate the AIF is validated using the Kullback-Leibler divergence. Subsequently, the kinetic parameters can be estimated with MAP. The proposed algorithm is evaluated with a data set from a breast cancer MRI study.

Results: The application shows that the AIF can reliably be determined from the DCE-MRI data using MEM. Kinetic parameters can be estimated subsequently.

Conclusions: The maximum entropy method is a powerful tool to reconstructing images from many types of data. This method is useful for generating the probability distribution based on given information. The proposed method gives an alternative way to assess the input function from the existing data. The proposed method allows a good fit of the data and therefore a better estimation of the kinetic parameters. In the end, this allows for a more reliable use of DCE-MRI.
Overexpression of Long Noncoding RNA PTENP1 Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Migration via Suppression of miR-19b in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Shi Xianbiao , Tang Xiaoqiao , Su Lei
Published: December 2017

This study aimed to investigate the effect of long noncoding RNA PTENP1 in the development of breast cancer (BC). Quantitative real-time PCR was utilized to determine the expression of PTENP1 in tissues and cell lines. pcDNA3.1 and shRNA were used to over- and low-express PTENP1 in BC cell lines, and miR-19b mimic and inhibitor were utilized to over- and low-express miR-19b. Then the abilities of cell survival, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were assessed in BC cells with different expression levels of PTENP1 and miR-19b. The expression of PTENP1 was significantly downregulated in both BC tissues and cell lines. Overexpressed PTENP1 could significantly increase cell survival, colony forming, migration, and invasion but decrease apoptosis in BC cell lines. However, overexpressed miR-19b performed contrary effects compared with PTENP1 on cell survival, colony forming, migration, invasion, and apoptosis in BC cell lines. miR-19b can be downregulated by PTENP1, and the effect of overexpressed PTENP1 on the PI3k/Akt pathway could be aborted by overexpressed miR-19b. PTENP1 performed a negative role in the development of BC via downregulating miR-19 probably through the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway.
The Effects of Physical Exercise on Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: van der Windt Dirk J. , Sud Vikas , Zhang Hongji , Tsung Allan , Huang Hai
Published: December 2017

The increasing prevalence of obesity has made nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) the most common chronic liver disease. As a consequence, NAFLD and especially its inflammatory form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are the fastest increasing etiology of end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Physical inactivity is related to the severity of fatty liver disease irrespective of body weight, supporting the hypothesis that increasing physical activity through exercise can improve fatty liver disease. This review summarizes the evidence for the effects of physical exercise on NAFLD and NASH. Several clinical trials have shown that both aerobic and resistance exercise reduce the hepatic fat content. From clinical and basic scientific studies, it is evident that exercise affects fatty liver disease through various pathways. Improved peripheral insulin resistance reduces the excess delivery of free fatty acids and glucose for free fatty acid synthesis to the liver. In the liver, exercise increases fatty acid oxidation, decreases fatty acid synthesis, and prevents mitochondrial and hepatocellular damage through a reduction of the release of damage-associated molecular patterns. In conclusion, physical exercise is a proven therapeutic strategy to improve fatty liver disease.
Regioselective decarboxylative addition of malonic acid and its mono(thio)esters to 4-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-2(1H)-ones
Authors: Melnykov Sergii V , Pataman Andrii S , Dmytriv Yurii V , Shishkina Svitlana V , Vovk Mykhailo V , Sukach Volodymyr A
Published: December 2017

Background: Due to the high reactivity towards various C-nucleophiles, trifluoromethylketimines are known to be useful reagents for the synthesis of α-trifluoromethylated amine derivatives. However, decarboxylative reactions with malonic acid and its mono(thio)esters have been poorly investigated so far despite the potential to become a convenient route to β-trifluoromethyl-β-amino acid derivatives and to their partially saturated heterocyclic analogues.

Results: In this paper we show that 4-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-2(1H)-ones, unique heterocyclic ketimines, react with malonic acid under organic base catalysis to regioselectively provide either Michael- or Mannich-type decarboxylative addition products depending on solvent polarity. Malonic mono(thio)esters give exclusively Michael-type products. The two regioisomeric products can be converted into saturated (2-oxohexahydropyrimidin-4-yl)acetic acid derivatives by mild hydrogenation of the endocyclic C=C double bond in the presence of Pd/C as catalyst. The cis-stereoisomers selectively formed upon reduction of the Michael-type products were structurally determined by X-ray diffraction. As a result of this study, a number of novel acetic acid derivatives containing trifluoromethylated, partially or fully saturated 2-oxopyrimidine cores were prepared and characterized as promising building blocks.

Conclusions: Regio- and stereoselective protocols have been developed for the synthesis of novel isomeric 4(6)-trifluoromethylated 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro- and perhydro-(2-oxopyrimidin-4-yl)acetic acid derivatives.
Genome‐Wide Association and Metabolic Pathway Analysis of Corn Earworm Resistance in Maize
Authors: Warburton Marilyn L. , Womack Erika D. , Tang Juliet D. , Thrash Adam , Smith J. Spencer , Xu Wenwei , Murray Seth C. , Williams W. Paul
Published: December 2017

Maize (Zea mays mays L.) is a staple crop of economic, industrial, and food security importance. Damage to the growing ears by corn earworm [Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)] is a major economic burden and increases secondary fungal infections and mycotoxin levels. To identify biochemical pathways associated with native resistance mechanisms, a genome‐wide association analysis was performed, followed by pathway analysis using a gene‐set enrichment‐based approach. The gene‐set enrichment exposed the cumulative effects of genes in pathways to identify those that contributed the most to resistance. Single nucleotide polymorphism–trait associations were linked to genes including transcription factors, protein kinases, hormone‐responsive proteins, hydrolases, pectinases, xylogluconases, and the flavonol synthase gene (in the maysin biosynthesis pathway). The most significantly associated metabolic pathways identified included those that modified cell wall components, especially homogalacturonan, wax esters, and fatty acids; those involved in antibiosis, especially 2,4‐dihydroxy‐7‐methoxy‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3‐one (DIMBOA), flavonoids, and phenolics; and those involved in plant growth, including N uptake and energy production. The pathways identified in this study, and especially the cell wall‐associated pathways, identified here for the first time, provide clues to resistance mechanisms that could guide the identification of new resistant ideotypes and candidate genes for creation of resistant maize germplasm via selection of natural variants or gene editing.
Active Correction of Aperture Discontinuities-Optimized Stroke Minimization. II. Optimization for Future Missions
Authors: Mazoyer J. , Pueyo L. , N’Diaye M. , Fogarty K. , Zimmerman N. , Soummer R. , Shaklan S. , Norman C.
Published: December 2017

High-contrast imaging and spectroscopy provide unique constraints for exoplanet formation models as well as for planetary atmosphere models. Instrumentation techniques in this field have greatly improved over the last two decades, with the development of stellar coronagraphy, in parallel with specific methods of wavefront sensing and control. Next generation space- and ground-based telescopes will enable the characterization of cold solar-system-like planets for the first time and maybe even in situ detection of bio-markers. However, the growth of primary mirror diameters, necessary for these detections, comes with an increase of their complexity (segmentation, secondary mirror features). These discontinuities in the aperture can greatly limit the performance of coronagraphic instruments. In this context, we introduced a new technique, Active Correction of Aperture Discontinuities-Optimized Stroke Minimization (ACAD-OSM), to correct for the diffractive effects of aperture discontinuities in the final image plane of a coronagraph, using deformable mirrors. In this paper, we present several tools that can be used to optimize the performance of this technique for its application to future large missions. In particular, we analyzed the influence of the deformable setup (size and separating distance) and found that there is an optimal point for this setup, optimizing the performance of the instrument in contrast and throughput while minimizing the strokes applied to the deformable mirrors. These results will help us design future coronagraphic instruments to obtain the best performance.
Zodiacal Exoplanets in Time (ZEIT). VI. A Three-planet System in the Hyades Cluster Including an Earth-sized Planet
Authors: Mann Andrew W. , Vanderburg Andrew , Rizzuto Aaron C. , Kraus Adam L. , Berlind Perry , Bieryla Allyson , Calkins Michael L. , Esquerdo Gilbert A. , Latham David W. , Mace Gregory N. , Morris Nathan R. , Quinn Samuel N. , Sokal Kimberly R. , Stefanik Robert P.
Published: December 2017

Planets in young clusters are powerful probes of the evolution of planetary systems. Here we report the discovery of three planets transiting EPIC 247589423, a late-K dwarf in the Hyades (≃800 Myr) cluster, and robust detection limits for additional planets in the system. The planets were identified from their K2 light curves as part of our survey of young clusters and star-forming regions. The smallest planet has a radius comparable to Earth (

), making it one of the few Earth-sized planets with a known, young age. The two larger planets are likely a mini-Neptune and a super-Earth, with radii of

and

, respectively. The predicted radial velocity signals from these planets are between 0.4 and 2 m s−1, achievable with modern precision RV spectrographs. Because the target star is bright (V = 11.2) and has relatively low-amplitude stellar variability for a young star (2–6 mmag), EPIC 247589423 hosts the best known planets in a young open cluster for precise radial velocity follow-up, enabling a robust test of earlier claims that young planets are less dense than their older counterparts.
The OmegaWhite Survey for Short-period Variable Stars. V. Discovery of an Ultracompact Hot Subdwarf Binary with a Compact Companion in a 44-minute Orbit
Authors: Kupfer T. , Ramsay G. , Roestel J. van , Brooks J. , MacFarlane S. A. , Toma R. , Groot P. J. , Woudt P. A. , Bildsten L. , Marsh T. R. , Green M. J. , Breedt E. , Kilkenny D. , Freudenthal J. , Geier S. , Heber U. , Bagnulo S. , Blagorodnova N. , Buckley D. A. H. , Dhillon V. S. , Kulkarni S. R. , Lunnan R. , Prince T. A.
Published: December 2017

We report the discovery of the ultracompact hot subdwarf (sdOB) binary OW J074106.0–294811.0 with an orbital period of

minutes, making it the most compact hot subdwarf binary known. Spectroscopic observations using the VLT, Gemini and Keck telescopes revealed a He-sdOB primary with an intermediate helium abundance,

=

K and

= 5.74 ± 0.09. High signal-to-noise ratio light curves show strong ellipsoidal modulation resulting in a derived sdOB mass

with a WD companion (

). The mass ratio was found to be

. The derived mass for the He-sdOB is inconsistent with the canonical mass for hot subdwarfs of

. To put constraints on the structure and evolutionary history of the sdOB star we compared the derived

,

, and sdOB mass to evolutionary tracks of helium stars and helium white dwarfs calculated with Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA). We find that the best-fitting model is a helium white dwarf with a mass of 0.320

, which left the common envelope

ago, which is consistent with the observations. As a helium white dwarf with a massive white dwarf companion, the object will reach contact in 17.6 Myr at an orbital period of 5 minutes. Depending on the spin–orbit synchronization timescale the object will either merge to form an R CrB star or end up as a stably accreting AM CVn-type system with a helium white dwarf donor.
Evidence of Absence of Tidal Features in the Outskirts of Ultra Diffuse Galaxies in the Coma Cluster
Authors: Mowla Lamiya , Dokkum Pieter van , Merritt Allison , Abraham Roberto , Yagi Masafumi , Koda Jin
Published: December 2017

We study the presence of tidal features associated with ultra diffuse galaxies (UDGs) in galaxy clusters. Specifically, we stack deep Subaru images of UDGs in the Coma cluster to determine whether they show position angle twists at large radii. Selecting galaxies with central surface brightness

magarcsec−2 and projected half-light radius

, we identify 287 UDGs in the Yagi et al. catalog of low surface brightness Coma objects. The UDGs have apparent spheroidal shapes with median Sérsic index

and median axis ratio

. The images are processed by masking all background objects and rotating to align the major axis before stacking them in bins of properties such as axis ratio, angle of major axis with respect to the cluster center, and separation from cluster center. Our image stacks reach further than 7 kpc (≳4r
e). Analysis of the isophotes of the stacks reveals that the ellipticity remains constant up to the last measured point, which means that the individual galaxies have a non-varying position angle and axis ratio and show no evidence for tidal disruption out to

. We demonstrate this explicitly by comparing our stacks with stacks of model UDGs with and without tidal features in their outskirts. We infer that the average tidal radius of the Coma UDGs is >7 kpc and estimate that the average dark matter fraction within the tidal radius of the UDGs inhabiting the innermost 0.5 Mpc of Coma is >99%.
A Physically Motivated and Empirically Calibrated Method to Measure the Effective Temperature, Metallicity, and Ti Abundance of M Dwarfs
Authors: Veyette Mark J. , Muirhead Philip S. , Mann Andrew W. , Brewer John M. , Allard France , Homeier Derek
Published: December 2017

The ability to perform detailed chemical analysis of Sun-like F-, G-, and K-type stars is a powerful tool with many applications, including studying the chemical evolution of the Galaxy and constraining planet formation theories. Unfortunately, complications in modeling cooler stellar atmospheres hinders similar analyses of M dwarf stars. Empirically calibrated methods to measure M dwarf metallicity from moderate-resolution spectra are currently limited to measuring overall metallicity and rely on astrophysical abundance correlations in stellar populations. We present a new, empirical calibration of synthetic M dwarf spectra that can be used to infer effective temperature, Fe abundance, and Ti abundance. We obtained high-resolution (R ∼ 25,000), Y-band (∼1 μm) spectra of 29 M dwarfs with NIRSPEC on Keck II. Using the PHOENIX stellar atmosphere modeling code (version 15.5), we generated a grid of synthetic spectra covering a range of temperatures, metallicities, and alpha-enhancements. From our observed and synthetic spectra, we measured the equivalent widths of multiple Fe i and Ti i lines and a temperature-sensitive index based on the FeH band head. We used abundances measured from widely separated solar-type companions to empirically calibrate transformations to the observed indices and equivalent widths that force agreement with the models. Our calibration achieves precisions in T
eff, [Fe/H], and [Ti/Fe] of 60 K, 0.1 dex, and 0.05 dex, respectively, and is calibrated for 3200 K < T
eff < 4100 K, −0.7 < [Fe/H] < +0.3, and −0.05 < [Ti/Fe] < +0.3. This work is a step toward detailed chemical analysis of M dwarfs at a precision similar to what has been achieved for FGK stars.
Infrared Selection of Obscured Active Galactic Nuclei in the COSMOS Field
Authors: Chang Yu-Yen , Le Floc’h Emeric , Juneau Stéphanie , da Cunha Elisabete , Salvato Mara , Civano Francesca , Marchesi Stefano , Ilbert Olivier , Toba Yoshiki , Lim Chen-Fatt , Tang Ji-Jia , Wang Wei-Hao , Ferraro Nicholas , Urry Megan C. , Griffiths Richard E. , Kartaltepe Jeyhan S.
Published: December 2017

We present a study of the connection among black hole accretion, star formation, and galaxy morphology at

. We focus on active galactic nuclei (AGNs) selected by their mid-IR power-law emission. By fitting optical to far-IR photometry with state-of-the-art spectral energy distribution (SED) techniques, we derive stellar masses, star formation rates, dust properties, and AGN contributions in galaxies over the whole COSMOS field. We find that obscured AGNs lie within or slightly above the star-forming sequence. We confirm our previous finding about compact host galaxies of obscured AGNs at

, and find that galaxies with 20%–50% AGN contributions tend to have smaller sizes, by ∼25%–50%, compared to galaxies without AGNs. Furthermore, we find that a high merger fraction of up to 0.5 is appropriate for the most luminous (

) AGN hosts and non-AGN galaxies, but not for the whole obscured AGN sample. Moreover, the merger fraction depends on the total and star-forming IR luminosity, rather than on the decomposed AGN infrared luminosity. Our results suggest that major mergers are not the main driver of AGN activity, and therefore obscured AGNs might be triggered by internal mechanisms, such as secular processes, disk instabilities, and compaction in a particular evolutionary stage. We make the SED modeling results publicly available.
La compulsion de répétition dans les cliniques psychiatriques : un autre regard sur le cas Schreber
Authors: Diatkine Gilbert
Published: December 2017

L’auteur montre, partant de sa pratique institutionnelle, que dans les cliniques psychiatriques, la répétition se présente parfois sous la forme du retour du malade qui semblait être sorti guéri. Ce retour serait en fait la résultante de deux aspects de la compulsion de répétition : d’une part l’investissement ambivalent des objets, qui pousse les malades à détruire les objets qui leur sont indispensables pour survivre psychiquement ; d’autre part, la recherche inassouvissable des objets d’amour et de haine perdus. En pratique, le patient perdrait à la fois un objet de désir et un objet contenant assurant la cohésion de sa vie psychique, projetés souvent sur la même personne. La clinique offrirait au malade des objets substitutifs des deux sortes, mais à la sortie, il dépendrait des changements de l’entourage qu’il puisse ou non supporter les pulsions du malade, et donc que celui-ci revienne à la clinique ou pas au bout de quelque temps. Le cas clinique historique du président D.P. Schreber est utilisé pour illustrer cette hypothèse.
Biens publics mondiaux et institutions internationales : quel avenir pour la Banque mondiale ?
Authors: Kanbur Ravi
Published: December 2017

La Banque mondiale s’essouffle. Ou bien est-ce pire encore ? Les biens publics mondiaux (BPM) sont souvent présentés comme un moyen de revitaliser, voire de sauver cette institution dont la base financière nécessaire à ses opérations conventionnelles de prêts souverains se réduit considérablement par rapport aux besoins, dans un contexte de concurrence exercée par d’autres acteurs. La Banque mondiale offre toutefois des avantages sur lesquels la communauté mondiale pourrait compter dans le cadre des questions liées aux BPM. Elle s’est forgé une réputation d’excellence technique et bénéficie d’un pouvoir de mobilisation à même de favoriser le consensus sur un éventail de problématiques relatives aux BPM, même si cet objectif ne peut être pleinement atteint sans réformes profondes de sa structure de gouvernance. Elle a acquis une expérience dans le domaine de la gestion des ressources concessionnelles et des subventions, compétence essentielle au financement des actions liées aux BPM. Enfin, elle possède une connaissance des opérations à l’échelle des pays dans la mise en œuvre des modalités spécifiques par pays des instruments relatifs aux BPM. Ce sont là les atouts de la Banque mondiale aujourd’hui, trois quarts de siècle après sa création. Codes JEL : O1, H41, F02.
Des politiques migratoires pour promouvoir le développement
Authors: Yang Dean
Published: December 2017

Les politiques de développement liées à la migration internationale en provenance des pays en développement suscitent un vif intérêt. La dernière décennie a été marquée par une vague d’études empiriques rigoureuses (dont la plupart s’appuient sur des essais randomisés contrôlés) quantifiant l’impact de telles politiques. Cet article s’intéresse à la littérature sur l’impact des politiques dans cinq domaines : 1) la facilitation de la migration ; 2) l’éducation des migrants ; 3) la réduction des frais de transaction associés aux envois de fonds des migrants ; 4) l’amélioration de la capacité du migrant à contrôler l’usage qui est fait de ses envois de fonds ; et 5) l’amélioration des conditions de travail des migrants. Si des études mettent en évidence l’impact positif de certaines interventions dans chacun de ces domaines, il n’en demeure pas moins que de nombreuses questions restent ouvertes. De futures recherches dans ces domaines et dans d’autres promettent des résultats pertinents en matière de politique. Codes JEL: C9, C93, D19, F22, F24, I21, I22, J13, J31, J38, J61, O12, O15, O16, O19.
De la notion de territoire à celle de lime
Authors: Laloye Suzanne , Sanchez Jésus
Published: December 2017

Le propos de cet article est de démontrer en quoi l’organisation historique de la prise en charge sur un mode tayloriste a construit en France une approche catégorielle du soin, bien loin de permettre une appréhension correcte de la complexité de l’être humain, et d’étudier son inéluctable « remodélisation ». L’étude de l’évolution de cette organisation initiale sera menée sous l’angle de la séparation entre le secteur sanitaire et le secteur médicosocial.
Le soin à travers le travail de partenariat
Authors: Bernheim Barbara
Published: December 2017

L’efficience du soin psychique, en hôpital de jour pour adolescents, s’appuie sur la vitalité des partenariats, ceux-ci étant décrits autour du noyau de la relation des soignants avec l’adolescent et avec sa famille et des mouvements psychiques propres à cette étape de la vie. Plusieurs vignettes cliniques illustrent la co-construction des projets de soin, qui s’effectue aussi bien dans des espaces interinstitutionnels formalisés (réunions…) que non formalisés, le partenariat n’étant jamais une évidence, mais à construire, à renforcer.
Un territoire et une histoire commune (comme une) à tisser
Authors: Courselle Christelle , Cussigh Annalisa , Cazes Zélia , Doumbia Sophie , Duqueroix Élodie , Sforzi Pascale
Published: December 2017

La loi de cohésion sociale de mars 2005 fait naître les dispositifs de Réussite éducative au niveau national. La commande étatique est réaffirmée en 2015. Ainsi une loi incite au niveau communal les acteurs locaux et les institutions de proximité à œuvrer ensemble pour les enfants, les adolescents et leurs parents. L’équipe de Réussite éducative du secteur nord de Toulouse présente son travail partenarial et les orientations qui en découlent, dans la mesure où une loi ou une définition, seules, ne peuvent induire le travail groupal.
Ateliers d’analyse de pratiques en lycée professionnel
Authors: Furno Isabelle
Published: December 2017

Le projet « Prise en charge d’adolescents en situation de fragilité psychique. Développement de leurs compétences psychosociales. Formation des adultes en charge de ce public adolescent à besoins particuliers » offre un exemple de partenariat pour une inclusion sociale, pour une réussite éducative et une insertion professionnelle d’élèves de cap prioritaire.
Intégration européenne et libertés économiques
Authors: Baechler Laurent
Published: December 2017

Le projet d’intégration européenne, dans sa dimension économique, est fondé sur les libertés économiques. Mais celles-ci ne peuvent s’exprimer pleinement qu’au prix de fortes contraintes imposées par les nécessités de la coopération européenne dans de nombreux domaines. Ce qui apparaît comme un paradoxe ne peut se résoudre qu’à condition que les citoyens adhèrent au projet
La quantité contre la qualité ?
Authors: Remy Céline , Lavitry Lynda
Published: December 2017

L’article explore les liens et les zones de tension entre les politiques de mesure de la performance et la qualité de l’accompagnement à l’emploi, telle qu’elle est définie dans les pratiques et discours des agents et prestataires des services publics de l’emploi en France et en Belgique francophone. L’objectif est de démontrer que le pilotage du travail des intermédiaires de l’emploi par les indicateurs de mesure donne lieu à des pratiques, parfois clandestines, de mise en conformité avec le rendement statistique de leur activité. Mais parallèlement, les excès d’une quantification perçue comme abusive ou dangereuse pour leur ethos professionnel poussent une partie d’entre eux à agir en contradiction avec ces principes gestionnaires, et ce au nom de l’intérêt du demandeur d’emploi et de la prise en compte de la qualité des emplois, tendances que l’on décèle dans les deux pays étudiés.
Mesurer la qualité pour transformer l’hôpital ?
Authors: Bertillot Hugo
Published: December 2017

Depuis le début des années 2000, les pouvoirs publics français déploient des instruments d’évaluation de la qualité dans les établissements de santé. En procédant à la déconstruction sociotechnique des « indicateurs de qualité », cet article analyse une discrète entreprise de quantification. Mesurant des dimensions peu conflictuelles de la qualité, nourris de savoirs pluriels, équivoques dans leurs usages, les indicateurs de qualité sont suffisamment doux pour ne pas brusquer les professionnels, tout en étant suffisamment robustes pour instiller discipline et auditabilité. Au nom de la qualité, cette technologie de gouvernement est ainsi équipée pour rationaliser l’hôpital en douceur.