bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of genomic regions associated with cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae Woll.) resistance in spring and winter wheat
Authors: Chaturvedi Deepti , Pundir Saksham , Singh Vikas Kumar , Kumar Deepak , Sharma Rajiv , Röder Marion S. , Sharma Shiveta , Sharma Shailendra
Published: April 2023

Cereal cyst nematode (CCN) is a major threat to cereal crop production globally including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In the present study, single-locus and multi-locus models of Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) were used to find marker trait associations (MTAs) against CCN (Heterodera avenae) in wheat. In total, 180 wheat accessions (100 spring and 80 winter types) were screened against H. avenae in two independent years (2018/2019 “Environment 1” and 2019/2020 “Environment 2”) under controlled conditions. A set of 12,908 SNP markers were used to perform the GWAS. Altogether, 11 significant MTAs, with threshold value of −log10 (p-values) ≥ 3.0, were detected using 180 wheat accessions under combined environment (CE). A novel MTA (wsnp_Ex_c53387_56641291) was detected under all environments (E1, E2 and CE) and considered to be stable MTA. Among the identified 11 MTAs, eight were novel and three were co-localized with previously known genes/QTLs/MTAs. In total, 13 putative candidate genes showing differential expression in roots, and known to be involved in plant defense mechanisms were reported. These MTAs could help us to identify resistance alleles from new sources, which could be used to identify wheat varieties with enhanced CCN resistance.
Robust, motion-free optical characterization of samples using actively-tunable Twyman–Green interferometry
Authors: Imeri Arjent , Reza Syed Azer
Published: April 2023

Optical interferometry-based techniques are ubiquitous in various measurement, imaging, calibration, metrological, and astronomical applications. Repeatability, simplicity, and reliability of measurements have ensured that interferometry in its various forms remains popular—and in fact continues to grow—in almost every branch of measurement science. In this paper, we propose a novel actively-controlled optical interferometer in the Twyman–Green configuration. The active beam control within the interferometer is a result of using an actively-controlled tunable focus lens in the sample arm of the interferometer. This innovation allows us to characterize transparent samples cut in the cubical geometry without the need for bulk mechanical motion within the interferometer. Unlike thickness/refractive index measurements with conventional Twyman–Green interferometers, the actively-tunable interferometer enables bulk-motion free thickness or refractive index sample measurements. With experimental demonstrations, we show excellent results for various samples that we characterized. The elimination of bulk motion from the measurement process promises to enable miniaturization of actively-tunable Twyman–Green interferometers for various applications.
Positive selection in cytochrome P450 genes is associated with gonad phenotype and mating strategy in social bees
Authors: Lago Denyse Cavalcante , Nora Luísa Czamanski , Hasselmann Martin , Hartfelder Klaus
Published: April 2023

The honey bee, Apis mellifera differs from all other social bees in its gonad phenotype and mating strategy. Honey bee queens and drones have tremendously enlarged gonads, and virgin queens mate with several males. In contrast, in all the other bees, the male and female gonads are small, and the females mate with only one or very few males, thus, suggesting an evolutionary and developmental link between gonad phenotype and mating strategy. RNA-seq comparisons of A. mellifera larval gonads revealed 870 genes as differentially expressed in queens versus workers and drones. Based on Gene Ontology enrichment we selected 45 genes for comparing the expression levels of their orthologs in the larval gonads of the bumble bee Bombus terrestris and the stingless bee, Melipona quadrifasciata, which revealed 24 genes as differentially represented. An evolutionary analysis of their orthologs in 13 solitary and social bee genomes revealed four genes with evidence of positive selection. Two of these encode cytochrome P450 proteins, and their gene trees indicated a lineage-specific evolution in the genus Apis, indicating that cytochrome P450 genes may be involved in the evolutionary association of polyandry and the exaggerated gonad phenotype in social bees.
Seasonal climatic instability in the western Chinese Loess Plateau during Marine Isotope Stages 12–10
Authors: Li Fengjiang , Wu Naiqin , Dong Yajie , Yang Yiquan , Zhang Yueting , Zhang Dan , Hao Qingzhen , Lu Houyuan
Published: April 2023

Because of similar astronomical background, Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 is viewed as an analogue of the Holocene, but the evolution of seasonal climatic instability during MIS 11 has not been well investigated. Here we present a time series of land-snail eggs—a recently-developed proxy of seasonal cooling events—from the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) to investigate seasonal climatic instability during MIS 11 and adjacent glacials. Due to the impact of low temperatures on egg hatching, egg-abundance peaks document seasonal cooling events. A total of five egg-abundance peaks were recorded in the CLP during MIS 12, MIS 11 and MIS 10. Three peaks are strong and occur close to glacial inception or interglacial-to-glacial transition; two weaker peaks occur during MIS11. These peaks imply seasonal climatic instability intensifies mainly during glacial initiation or transition. All these events correspond to ice-sheet growth and the loss of ice-rafted debris at high northern latitudes. Moreover, they occurred at the minima of local spring insolation during the MIS 12 and MIS 10 glacials, but at the maxima during the MIS 11 interglacial. This may contribute to the difference in the intensity of seasonal cooling events between low-eccentricity glacials and interglacials. Our results provide new evidence for understanding low-eccentricity interglacial–glacial evolution.
Adult expression of Semaphorins and Plexins is essential for motor neuron survival
Authors: Vaikakkara Chithran Aarya , Allan Douglas W. , O’Connor Timothy P.
Published: April 2023

Axon guidance cues direct the growth and steering of neuronal growth cones, thus guiding the axons to their targets during development. Nonetheless, after axons have reached their targets and established functional circuits, many mature neurons continue to express these developmental cues. The role of axon guidance cues in the adult nervous system has not been fully elucidated. Using the expression pattern data available on FlyBase, we found that more than 96% of the guidance genes that are expressed in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo continue to be expressed in adults. We utilized the GeneSwitch and TARGET systems to spatiotemporally knockdown the expression of these guidance genes selectively in the adult neurons, once the development was completed. We performed an RNA interference (RNAi) screen against 44 guidance genes in the adult Drosophila nervous system and identified 14 genes that are required for adult survival and normal motility. Additionally, we show that adult expression of Semaphorins and Plexins in motor neurons is necessary for neuronal survival, indicating that guidance genes have critical functions in the mature nervous system.
Deep-trap dominated degradation of the endurance characteristics in OFET memory with polymer charge-trapping layer
Authors: Yu Tianpeng , Liu Zhenliang , Wang Yiru , Zhang Lunqiang , Hou Shuyi , Wan Zuteng , Yin Jiang , Gao Xu , Wu Lei , Xia Yidong , Liu Zhiguo
Published: April 2023

Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with polymer charge-trapping dielectric, which exhibit many advantages over Si-based memory devices such as low cost, light weight, and flexibility, still suffer challenges in practical application due to the unsatisfied endurance characteristics and even the lack of fundamental of behind mechanism. Here, we revealed that the degradation of endurance characteristics of pentacene OFET with poly(2-vinyl naphthalene) (PVN) as charge-storage layer is dominated by the deep hole-traps in PVN by using the photo-stimulated charge de-trapping technique with the fiber-coupled monochromatic-light probes. The depth distribution of hole-traps in PVN film of pentacene OFET is also provided.
Assessment of the trophic state of the Soła River dam cascade, Polish Carpathians: a comparison of the methodology
Authors: Jachniak Ewa , Jaguś Andrzej
Published: April 2023

The aim of this research was to determine the trophic state of mountain dam reservoirs, which are characterized by greater hydrological and ecological dynamics than lowland reservoirs. The trophic state of three dam reservoirs forming a cascade system was investigated. Trophic evaluation was carried out based on multiple criteria, i.e., (1) the content of chlorophyll a in the water, (2) planktonic algal biomass, (3) groups and species of algae, (4) the total phosphorus concentration in the water, and (5) the Integral Trophic State index (ITS). The analyzed parameters were characterized by high variability during the study period, which to a large extent may have resulted from the mountain environmental conditions. The greatest dynamics concerned parameters related to phytoplankton development. Unequivocal determinations of the trophic states of the reservoirs were difficult; however, it was found that in successive reservoirs of the cascade (from the highest to the lowest), a reduction in water fertility occurred.
A modulated fingerprint assisted machine learning method for retrieving elastic moduli from resonant ultrasound spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Juejing , Zhao Xiaodong , Zhao Ke , Goncharov Vitaliy G. , Delhommelle Jerome , Lin Jian , Guo Xiaofeng
Published: April 2023

We used deep-learning-based models to automatically obtain elastic moduli from resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) spectra, which conventionally require user intervention of published analysis codes. By strategically converting theoretical RUS spectra into their modulated fingerprints and using them as a dataset to train neural network models, we obtained models that successfully predicted both elastic moduli from theoretical test spectra of an isotropic material and from a measured steel RUS spectrum with up to 9.6% missing resonances. We further trained modulated fingerprint-based models to resolve RUS spectra from yttrium–aluminum-garnet (YAG) ceramic samples with three elastic moduli. The resulting models were capable of retrieving all three elastic moduli from spectra with a maximum of 26% missing frequencies. In summary, our modulated fingerprint method is an efficient tool to transform raw spectroscopy data and train neural network models with high accuracy and resistance to spectra distortion.
Characterization of rumen microbiome and metabolome from oro-esophageal tubing and rumen cannula in Holstein dairy cows
Authors: da Cunha Lais L. , Monteiro Hugo F. , Figueiredo Caio C. , Canisso Igor F. , Bicalho Rodrigo C. , Cardoso Felipe C. , Weimer Bart C. , Lima Fabio S.
Published: April 2023

Less invasive rumen sampling methods, such as oro-esophageal tubing, became widely popular for exploring the rumen microbiome and metabolome. However, it remains unclear if such methods represent well the rumen contents from the rumen cannula technique. Herein, we characterized the microbiome and metabolome in the rumen content collected by an oro-esophageal tube and by rumen cannula in ten multiparous lactating Holstein cows. The 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Untargeted metabolome was characterized using gas chromatography of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the top three most abundant phyla representing ~ 90% of all samples. Although the pH of oro-esophageal samples was greater than rumen cannula, we found no difference in alpha and beta-diversity among their microbiomes. The overall metabolome of oro-esophageal samples was slightly different from rumen cannula samples yet more closely related to the rumen cannula content as a whole, including its fluid and particulate fractions. Enrichment pathway analysis revealed a few differences between sampling methods, such as when evaluating unsaturated fatty acid pathways in the rumen. The results of the current study suggest that oro-esophageal sampling can be a proxy to screen the 16S rRNA rumen microbiome compared to the rumen cannula technique. The variation introduced by the 16S rRNA methodology may be mitigated by oro-esophageal sampling and the possibility of increasing experimental units for a more consistent representation of the overall microbial population. Studies should consider an under or over-representation of metabolites and specific metabolic pathways depending on the sampling method.
Fabrication of N-doping activated carbons from fish waste and sawdust for Acid Yellow 36 dye removal from an aquatic environment
Authors: El-Nemr Mohamed A. , Hassaan Mohamed A. , Ashour Ibrahim
Published: April 2023

Acid Yellow 36 (AY36) dye is a synthetic azo dye that is excessively used in various industries, causing hazardous environmental effects. The main target of this study is the preparation of self-N-doped porous activated carbon (NDAC) and the investigation in eliminating the AY36 dye from the water solution. The NDAC was prepared by mixing fish waste (60% protein content) which was considered a self-nitrogen dopant. A combination of Fish waste, sawdust, zinc chloride and urea with a mass ratio (5:5:5:1) was submitted to hydrothermal process at 180 °C for 5 h followed by pyrolysis for 1 h under N2 stream at 600, 700, and 800 °C. Fabricated NDAC was qualified as an adsorbent for recovering AY36 dye from water using batch trials. The fabricated NDAC samples were characterized by FTIR, TGA, DTA, BET, BJH, MP, t-plot, SEM, EDX, and XRD methods. The results showed the successful formation of NDAC with nitrogen mass percentage content (4.21, 8.13 and 9.85%). The NDAC prepared at 800 °C had the largest nitrogen content (9.85%) and was labeled as NDAC800. This later had 727.34 m2/g, 167.11 cm3/g, and 1.97 nm for specific surface area, the monolayer volume and the mean pores diameter respectively. By being the more efficient adsorbent, NDAC800 was chosen to test AY36 dye removal. Therefore, it is selected to investigate the removal of AY36 dye from aqueous solution by varying important parameters such as solution pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage and contact time. The removal of AY36 dye by NDAC800 was pH-dependent, with the optimum pH value 1.5 giving 85.86% removal efficiency and 232.56 mg/g maximum adsorption capacity (Qm). The kinetic data exhibited the best fit model with the pseudo-second-order (PSOM), while the equilibrium data fit well with the Langmuir (LIM) and Temkin (TIM). The mechanism of AY36 dye adsorption may be ascribed to the electrostatic contact between the dye and the available charged sites on NDAC800 surface. The prepared NDAC800 may be considered as an efficient, available, and eco-friendly adsorbent for AY36 dye adsorption from simulated water.
The combination of multiple plant growth promotion and hydrolytic enzyme producing rhizobacteria and their effect on Jerusalem artichoke growth improvement
Authors: Sritongon Natthawat , Boonlue Sophon , Mongkolthanaruk Wiyada , Jogloy Sanun , Riddech Nuntavun
Published: April 2023

Rhizobacteria are well recognized for their beneficial multifunctions as key promoters of plant development, suppressing pathogens, and improving soil health. In this study, experiments focused on characterizing the plant growth promotion (PGP) and extracellular hydrolase production traits of rhizobacteria, and their impact on Jerusalem artichoke growth. A total of 50 isolates proved capable of either direct PGP or hydrolase-producing traits. Two promising strains (Enterobactercloacae S81 and Pseudomonasazotoformans C2-114) showed potential on phosphate and potassium solubilization, IAA production, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase activity and hydrolase production. A hydrolase-producing strain (Bacillussubtilis S42) was able to generate cellulase, protease, amylase, β-glucosidase, and phosphatase. These three selected strains also gave positive results for indirect PGP traits such as siderophore, ammonia, oxalate oxidase, polyamine, exopolysaccharide, biofilm, motility, and tolerance to salinity and drought stress. Colonization was observed using a scanning electron microscope and rhizobacteria appeared at the root surface. Interestingly, inoculation with consortia strains (S42, S81, and C2-114) significantly increased all plant parameters, including height, biomass, root (length, surface, diameter, and volume), and tuber fresh weight. Therefore, we recommend that potential consortia of PGP and hydrolase-producing rhizobacteria be employed as a biofertilizer to improve soil and boost crop productivity.
Quantum hash function based on controlled alternate lively quantum walks
Authors: Hou Penglin , Shang Tao , Zhang Yuanjing , Tang Yao , Liu Jianwei
Published: April 2023

Quantum hash function is an important area of interest in the field of quantum cryptography. Quantum hash function based on controlled alternate quantum walk is a mainstream branch of quantum hash functions by virtue of high efficiency and flexibility. In recent development of this kind of schemes, evolution operators determined by an input message depend on not only coin operators, but also direction-determine transforms, which usually are hard to extend. Moreover, the existing works ignore the fact that improper choice of initial parameters may cause some periodic quantum walks, and further collisions. In this paper, we propose a new quantum hash function scheme based on controlled alternate lively quantum walks with variable hash size and provide the selection criteria for coin operators. Specifically, each bit of an input message determines the magnitude of an additional long-range hop for the lively quantum walks. Statistical analysis results show excellent performance in the aspect of collision resistance, message sensitivity, diffusion and confusion property, and uniform distribution property. Our study demonstrates that a fixed coin operator, along with different shift operators, can effectively work on the design of a quantum hash function based on controlled alternate quantum walks, and shed new light on this field of quantum cryptography.
Controlling selectivity for dechlorination of poly(vinyl chloride) with (xantphos)RhCl
Authors: Bush Nancy G. , Assefa Mikiyas K. , Bac Selin , Mallikarjun Sharada Shaama , Fieser Megan E.
Published: April 2023

Reactions of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with a rhodium catalyst and H-donors reveal how reaction conditions can impact the selectivity for chloride removal, with sodium formate showing the highest selectivity for hydrodechlorination.
Structuration and deformation of colloidal hydrogels
Authors: N'Mar S. , Pauchard L. , Guenoun P. , Renault J. P. , Giorgiutti-Dauphiné F.
Published: April 2023

The aim of the present paper is to determine the optimum conditions for the formation of homogeneous colloidal silica hydrogels by aggregation and drying processes, avoiding mechanical instabilities at the surface.
NiFePB-modified ZnO/BiVO4 photoanode for PEC water oxidation
Authors: Bai Shouli , Jia Shiyu , Zhao Yingying , Feng Yongjun , Luo Ruixian , Li Dianqing , Chen Aifan
Published: April 2023

The ZnO/BiVO4/NiFePB photoanode was fabricated successfully and showed the excellent performance of PEC water oxidation compared with the ZnO photoanode, which is attributed to the formation of a heterojunction and decoration of NiFePB cocatalyst.
Piezoelectric and dielectric constants of topologically defected boron nitride nanotubes
Authors: Yang Seunghwa
Published: April 2023

The piezoelectric and dielectric constants of a single-walled BNNT embedding the Stone-Wales (SW) defects are determined via a molecular dynamics simulation with several Tersoff-like potential models and Born effective charges.
Fabrication and characterization of Z-scheme BiOCl/C/Cu2O heterojunction nanocomposites as efficient catalysts for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2
Authors: Xia Cheng , Guo Rui-tang , Bi Zhe-xu , Zhang Zhen-rui , Li Chu-fan , Pan Wei-guo
Published: April 2023

The photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to hydrocarbons is expected to simultaneously alleviate the energy crisis and greenhouse effect.
Does the doping strategy of ferrite nanoparticles create a correlation between reactivity and toxicity?
Authors: Chakraborty Swaroop , Menon Dhruv , Akhil Varri Venkata Sai , Sahoo Manish , Ranganathan Raghavan , Zhang Peng , Misra Superb K.
Published: April 2023

The doping strategy of ferrite nanoparticles induced a correlation between their reactivity and toxicity. The evidence showed the induction of biological responses as a factor of their dissolution and suspension properties of ferrite nanoparticles.
Multichannel electrochemical workstation-based data collection combined with machine learning for online analysis of tyrosine
Authors: Bao Qiwen , Li Gang , Yang Zhengchun , Qu Zilian , Wei Jun , Cheng Wenbo , Lin Ling
Published: April 2023

An intelligent electrochemical workstation combined with machine learning was used for online detection of tyrosine.
Developing dual-mode material with ultraviolet and visible persistent luminescence for multi-mode anti-counterfeiting and information encryption
Authors: Liu Lin , Xu Jixuan , Li Yiang , Peng Shanshan , Lin Peng , Zhong Hongyun , Song Liang , Shi Junpeng , Sun Xia , Zhang Yun
Published: April 2023

A dual-mode material with ultraviolet and visible persistent luminescence for multi-mode anti-counterfeiting and information encryption.
Redox-active alkyl xanthate esters enable practical C–S cross-coupling by nickel catalysis
Authors: Tai Lanzhu , Chen Li , Shi Yuxuan , Chen Liang-An
Published: April 2023

A new nickel catalysis strategy that harnesses readily accessible alkyl xanthate esters, while previously well-studied as alkyl radical precursors, herein as ideal sulfenylating agents via an unprecedented C–S bond activation pattern.
Filamentous temperature sensitive mutant Z: a putative target to combat antibacterial resistance
Authors: Kifayat Sumaiya , Yele Vidyasrilekha , Ashames Akram , Sigalapalli Dilep Kumar , Bhandare Richie R. , Shaik Afzal B. , Nasipireddy Venkatarathnam , Sanapalli Bharat Kumar Reddy
Published: April 2023

Different inhibitors (natural, synthetic and peptides) against FtsZ alongwith detection techniques to quantify the FtsZ-drug complex.
Evaluation of the lead removal capacity by the adsorption process of Corbula trigona shell powder: modeling and optimization through reponse surface methodology
Authors: Nixon Nonh Dan , Aw Sadat , Siaka Sorho , Livet Alexandre , Sylvestre Yapo N'Zébo , Bousserrhine Noureddine
Published: April 2023

Process of preparation, characterization, and application of Corbula trigona shells on lead contaminated water.
Efficient and recyclable Nd3+-doped CoFe2O4 for boosted visible light-driven photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye
Authors: Nguyen Loan T. T. , Nguyen Hang T. T. , Nguyen Lan T. H. , Duong Anh T. T. , Nguyen Hai Q. , Ngo Viet T. M. , Vu Nhuong V. , Nguyen Duyen Thi Cam , Tran Thuan Van
Published: April 2023

Doping of neodymium ions into CoFe2O4 nanoparticles significantly boosted the photocatalytic activity of CoNdxFe2−xO4 for the degradation of Rhodamine B dye. Up to 94.7% of dye was degraded under CoNd0.05Fe1.95O4/H2O2/visible-light system.
Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and in vitro screening reveal cefixime and ceftriaxone as GSK3β covalent inhibitors
Authors: Nassar Husam , Sippl Wolfgang , Dahab Rana Abu , Taha Mutasem
Published: April 2023

Cefixime and ceftriaxone covalently inhibit GSK3β.
Theoretical investigation of electrochromic mechanism in D–A conjugated polymers in visible and infrared bands
Authors: Zhang Meiyu , Zhou Wencai , Zhuang Biying , Zheng Zilong , Zhang Qianqian , Wang Hao
Published: April 2023

Electrochromic materials have been widely-applied in military camouflage and intelligent materials, in consideration of the multicolor display and infrared absorption.
Nanoparticle exsolutionviaelectrochemical switching in perovskite fibers for solid oxide fuel cell electrodes
Authors: Xu Min , Cao Ran , Wu Shitao , Lee JinGoo , Chen Di , Irvine John T. S.
Published: April 2023

Metal nanoparticles supported on powder and fiber perovskitesviaexsolution. The fiber shows a weight loss about 4.4 times higher than the powder sample. These have been applied in solid oxide fuel cell configuration.
Electrochemically prelithiated carbon anodes with regulated Na-ion intercalation behaviours for advanced sodium-ioni energy storage devices
Authors: Liu Qingyuan , Chen Jianchao , Du Danni , Zhang Shuxian , Zhu Chunyan , Zhang Zhiwei , Wang Chengxiang , Yin Longwei , Wang Rutao
Published: April 2023

A sodium-ion capacitor is realized using a prelithiated carbon anode instead of the conventional presodiated carbon anode, avoiding the usage of highly reactive metallic sodium and/or sodium containing additives to mitigate sodium loss.
Factors That Impact the Long-Term Outcome of Postconcussive Dizziness Among Post-9/11 Veterans
Authors: Akin Faith W. , Swan Alicia A. , Kalvesmaki Andrea , Hall Courtney D. , Riska Kristal M. , Stressman Kara D. , Nguyen Huong , Amuan Megan , Pugh Mary Jo
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

The primary aim of this study was to examine the factors associated with long-term outcomes of postconcussive disruptive dizziness in Veterans of the post-9/11 wars.

Method:

For this observational cohort study, the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory–Vestibular subscale (NSI-V) score was used as an outcome measure for dizziness in 987 post-9/11 Veterans who indicated disruptive dizziness at an initial Veterans Health Administration Comprehensive Traumatic Brain Injury Evaluation (CTBIE). An NSI-V change score was calculated as the difference in the scores obtained at the initial CTBIE and on a subsequent survey. Differences in the NSI-V change scores were examined for demographics, injury characteristics, comorbidities, and vestibular and balance function variables, and multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore associations among the variables and the NSI-V change score.

Results:

The majority of Veterans (61%) demonstrated a decrease in the NSI-V score, suggesting less dizziness on the survey compared with the CTBIE; 16% showed no change; and 22% had a higher score. Significant differences in the NSI-V change score were observed for traumatic brain injury (TBI) status, diagnoses of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), headache and insomnia, and vestibular function. Multivariate regressions revealed significant associations between the NSI-V change score and the initial CTBIE NSI-V score, education level, race/ethnicity, TBI status, diagnoses of PTSD or hearing loss, and vestibular function.

Conclusions:

Postconcussive dizziness can continue for years following an injury. Factors associated with poor prognosis include TBI, diagnoses of PTSD or hearing loss, abnormal vestibular function, increased age, identification as a Black Veteran, and high school education level.
Oral Diadochokinetic Performance on Perceptual and Acoustic Measures for Typically Developing Cantonese-Speaking Preschool Children
Authors: Gao Ran , Yuen Janice T. W. , Li Xin Xin , To Carol K. S.
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

This study investigated native Cantonese-speaking preschool children's diadochokinetic performance, including rate, accuracy, and regularity. The second aim of this study was to examine whether language-specific patterns exist by comparing diadochokinetic rates with the average DKK rate for native English speakers.

Method:

Sixty-four typically developing preschool children who were native Cantonese speakers participated. The diadochokinetic task administered to the children involved repetitions of monosyllabic, disyllabic, and trisyllabic words and nonsense words. The maximum performance of the children was compared by diadochokinetic rate (number of syllables per second), accuracy (percentage of matched production), and regularity (pairwise variability indexes, known as PVIs).

Results:

Monosyllabic units were produced faster, more accurately, and more regularly than multisyllabic units. Word repetition showed higher accuracy and generally lower regularity than nonsense words but similar rates. Older children were faster and more regular (higher raw PVI of initial consonants) than younger children, but younger children performed as accurately as them. When compared with data from English speakers, the diadochokinetic rates of Cantonese children were generally lower.

Conclusions:

Developmental progression was evident in terms of rate and regularity. The distinctive accuracy and regularity patterns between word and nonsense word repetition suggest a clinical value for both stimulus types. Language typology plays a role in diadochokinetic rate, supporting the use of language-specific reference data in practice. The typical diadochokinetic profile obtained in this study could serve as a clinical reference for speech motor assessments.
The Development of Mental Health Difficulties in Young People With and Without Developmental Language Disorder: A Gene–Environment Interplay Study Using Polygenic Scores
Authors: Toseeb Umar , Vincent John , Oginni Olakunle A. , Asbury Kathryn , Newbury Dianne F.
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

Young people with developmental language disorder (DLD) have poorer mental health than those without DLD. However, not all young people with DLD are equally affected; some have more mental health difficulties than others. What explains these differences remains unclear.

Method:

Data from a community cohort study, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, were analyzed to investigate genetic and environmental influences on the development of mental health difficulties at five time points from childhood (7 years) to adolescence (16 years) in 6,387 young people (8.7% with DLD). Regression and latent class models were fitted to the data.

Results:

Polygenic scores (PGSs), indices of genetic risk, for common psychiatric disorders (major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) predicted mental health difficulties in both groups (with and without DLD). The presence of DLD, in some instances, amplified mental health difficulties for those with high genetic risk for common psychiatric disorders. Subgroups of children with similar developmental trajectories of mental health difficulties were identified. Young people with DLD were more likely than those without DLD to follow mental health subgroups characterized by consistently high levels of difficulties during development. PGSs, socioeconomic status, and the early home environment distinguished subgroups with low mental health difficulties from those characterized by high levels of difficulties, but these effects did not differ based on DLD status.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that, for the most part, both genetic and environmental risk affect the development of mental health difficulties in a cumulative way for young people with DLD (and those without). Some analysis did, however, suggest that genetic risk for common psychiatric disorders might manifest more strongly in those with DLD compared with those without DLD.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22351012
Clinical Bilingual Evaluations: Exploring Ways to Overcome Barriers in the Direct Assessment of Both Languages When There Is a Suspicion of Language Disorder
Authors: Cowan Tiana M. , Galley Kasie O. , Miller Carol A.
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

Speech-language pathologists report barriers to conducting culturally appropriate bilingual language evaluations when there is a suspicion of language disorder. One barrier is that there may not be personnel available to directly assess language development in a language other than English. The purpose of this clinical focus article is to demonstrate the potential for speech-language pathologists to incorporate direct assessment data from a language they cannot speak fluently when there are barriers to a comprehensive bilingual evaluation. First, we review the clinical markers of bilingual language disorders. Second, we review the evidence from audiology that uses closed-set tasks to assess speech recognition in languages the clinician cannot speak fluently. Last, we explore potential methods for applying such practices in clinical language evaluations when there is a suspicion of language disorder.

Conclusions:

Closed-set tasks, such as receptive language tests, could be a promising way for speech-language pathologists to incorporate direct assessment data from a language they cannot fluently speak into bilingual language evaluations. Other structured tasks, such as sentence repetition tasks, may not yield valid language data without the clinician having adequate competency in the test language. This clinical focus article emphasizes the great need to diversify the profession of speech-language pathology to promote equity and access to clinical language evaluations and interventions for culturally and linguistically diverse children.
Field evaluation of a novel holographic single-image depth reconstruction sensor
Authors: Hartlieb Simon , Schober Christian , Haist Tobias , Reichelt Stephan
Published: April 2023

A camera-based single-image sensor is presented, that is able to measure the distance of one or multiple object points (light emitters). The sensor consists of a camera, whose lens is upgraded with a diffractive optical element (DOE). It fulfils two tasks: adding a vortex point spread function (PSF) and replication of the vortex PSFs to a predefined pattern of K spots. Both, shape and rotation of the vortex PSF is sensitive to defocus. The sensor concept is presented and its capabilities evaluated both on axis and off-axis. The achieved standard deviation of the error ranges between 8.5 μm (on-axis) and 3.5 μm (off-axis) within a measurement range of 20 mm. However, as soon as calibration and measurement position no longer match, the accuracy is limited. An analysis of the effects responsible for this are also part of the publication.
Application of imaging ellipsometry and white light interference microscopy for detection of defects in epitaxially grown 4H–SiC layers
Authors: Ermilova Elena , Weise Matthias , Hertwig Andreas
Published: April 2023

Critical defects, also known as device killers, in wide bandgap semiconductors significantly affect the performance of power electronic devices. We used the methods imaging ellipsometry (IE) and white light interference microscopy (WLIM) in a hybrid optical metrology study for fast and non-destructive detection, classification, and characterisation of defects in 4H–SiC homoepitaxial layers on 4H–SiC substrates. Ellipsometry measurement results are confirmed by WLIM. They can be successfully applied for wafer characterisation already during production of SiC epilayers and for subsequent industrial quality control.
Computing role assignments of Cartesian product of graphs
Authors: Castonguay Diane , Dias Elisângela Silva , Mesquita Fernanda Neiva , Nascimento Julliano Rosa
Published: April 2023

Network science is a growing field of study using Graph Theory as a modeling tool. In social networks, a role assignment is such that individuals play the same role, if they relate in the same way to other individuals playing counterpart roles. In this sense, a role assignment permit to represent the network through a smaller graph modeling its roles. This leads to a problem called r-Role Assignment whose goal is deciding whether it exists such an assignment of r distinct roles. This problem is known to be NP-complete for any fixed r ≥ 2. The Cartesian product of graphs is a well studied graph operation, often used for modeling interconnection networks. Formally, the Cartesian product of G and H is a graph, denoted as G□H, whose vertex set is V(G) × V(H) and two vertices (u, v) and (x, y) are adjacent precisely if u = x and vy ∈ E(H), or ux ∈ E(G) and v = y. In a previous work, we showed that Cartesian product of graphs are always 2-role assignable, however the 3-Role Assignment problem is NP-complete on this class. In this paper, we prove that r-Role Assignment restricted to Cartesian product graphs is still NP-complete, for any fixed r ≥ 4.
Effective league championship algorithm and lower bound procedure for scheduling a single batch-processing machine with non-identical job sizes and job rejection
Authors: Afkhami Saeed , Husseinzadeh Kashan Ali , Ostadi Bakhtiar
Published: April 2023

We address the scheduling problem of a set of non-identical size jobs on a single batch-processing machine (SBPM) wherein the scheduler can make decision whether to schedule a job in batches or not to schedule it with a job-dependent penalty. The processing time of a batch is the greatest job processing time in that batch (parallel batching or p-batching). The scheduler wants to minimize a given objective function f, where f is the total rejection penalties of the rejected jobs (rejection cost) plus the makespan of the scheduled ones. We formulate the aforementioned problem as a 0–1 mixed integer programming model. We also apply an effective dynamic programming algorithm (DPA) to calculate a lower bound (LB) on the optimal cost of the problem. To tackle the problem, we propose a grouping algorithm, based on league championship algorithm (LCA), with new updating equations maintaining the major characteristics of the original updating equations of the LCA and well-suited to the structure of the problem. For small problems, performance of the proposed LCA is compared with GAMS/CPLEX solver. For large-scale instances, a genetic algorithm is adopted as a basis for comparison. Simulated experiments confirm the performance of the proposed methods.
Gentherapie der Huntington-Krankheit
Authors: Bräuer Stefan , Falkenburger Björn
Published: April 2023

Deutsch: Als häufige genetisch bedingte neurodegenerative Erkrankung ist die Huntington-Krankheit eine Modellerkrankung – auch für die Gentherapie. Unter den unterschiedlichen Möglichkeiten ist die Entwicklung von Antisense-Oligonukleotiden am weitesten fortgeschritten. Als weitere Optionen auf Ebene der RNA stehen Mikro-RNAs und Modulatoren der RNA-Prozessierung (Spleißen) zur Verfügung, auf DNA-Ebene Zink-Finger-Proteine. Mehrere Produkte befinden sich in der klinischen Prüfung. Diese unterscheiden sich in Applikationsform und systemischer Verfügbarkeit, aber auch in der genauen Wirkung. Ein wichtiger Unterschied könnte darin liegen, ob alle Formen des Huntingtin-Proteins gleichermaßen von der Therapie angesprochen werden, oder ob sich die Therapie präferentiell gegen besonders toxische Formen wie das Exon1-Protein richtet. Die Ergebnisse der kürzlich abgebrochenen GENERATION HD1 Studie waren etwas ernüchternd, am ehesten aufgrund der nebenwirkungsbedingten Liquorzirkulationsstörung. Sie sind daher nur ein Schritt in der Entwicklung zu einer wirksamen Gentherapie gegen die Huntington-Krankheit.
Do Delivery Mode and Anesthesia Management Alter Redox Setting in Neonates?
Authors: Rakić Goran , Dobrijević Dejan , Uram-Benka Anna , Antić Jelena , Uram-Dubovski Jasminka , Andrijević Ljiljana , Drašković Biljana
Published: April 2023

Objective Fetal-to-neonatal transition is accompanied by oxidative stress. The degree of oxidative damage may depend on several factors, such as delivery type and obstetric anesthesia type. The objective of the study was to determine if the delivery type and obstetric anesthesia type have an impact on oxidative stress levels in newborns.

Material and methods A prospective study included 150 newborns divided into three groups: neonates delivered vaginally, via cesarean section in general anesthesia, and via cesarean section in spinal anesthesia. Levels of pH, PaO2, lactate, glutathione peroxidase, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance were quantified and compared between groups.

Results Vaginal delivery was followed by the highest lactate and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels and lowest pH, PaO2, and glutathione peroxidase levels. Higher values of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, PaO2, and glutathione peroxidase and lower pH values were noted in neonates delivered in general anesthesia in comparison to neonates delivered in spinal anesthesia.

Conclusions Neonates delivered in general anesthesia were most prone to oxidative stress, while neonates delivered in spinal anesthesia were least affected by reactive oxygen species.
Vibrational Circular Dichroism Studies on Axially Chiral Carbodiimides and Allenes
Authors: Taniguchi Tohru
Published: April 2023

The axial chirality of molecules with two consecutive double bonds (X=Y=Z) has not been well studied because of a lack of analytical methods and because of difficulties in their preparation in enantiomerically pure forms. This Synpacts article describes the use of vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy to study the stereochemistry of carbodiimides and allenes. A strategy to obtain carbodiimides with one-handed chirality by using conformationally restrained frameworks is also discussed.

1 Introduction

2 Carbodiimides with Partially Biased Axial Chirality and One-Handed Axial Chirality

3 Axially Chiral Allenes

4 Conclusions
Marginal versus Segmental Mandibulectomy in the Treatment of Oral Cavity Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Chiesa-Estomba Carlos Miguel , Mayo-Yanez Miguel , Manelli Giuditta , Molteni Gabriele , Lechien Jerome , Fakhry Nicolas , Melkane Antoine , Calvo-Henriquez Christian , Kalfert David , Ayad Tareck
Published: April 2023

Introduction Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is the most common malignancy in the oral cavity. Two types of mandibular resections have been described: the segmental mandibulectomy and the marginal mandibulectomy. Both may have a different impact over the quality of life, oncological prognosis, and functional or aesthetic result.

Objectives The aim of this study was to systematically explore the literature to determine the survival outcomes and disease control rates in patients who underwent segmental or marginal mandibulectomy for OCSCC with histological evidence of cortical and medullary bone invasion.

Data Synthesis This review involved a systematic search of the electronic databases MEDLINE/PUBMED, Google Scholar, Ovid Medline, Embase, and Scopus including articles from 1985 to 2019. Fifteen articles were included for qualitative analysis and 11 articles were considered for meta-analysis calculations. All of them correspond to retrospective cohort studies.

Conclusion This systematic review reveals the low-level evidence regarding the impact over local control or survival according to the type of mandibulectomy. Our results need to be considered with precaution according to the limited evidence available. We just found difference regarding the 5-year disease-free survival, and a tendency in favor of segmental mandibulectomy was confirmed when medullary invasion was evident.
Evaluation of a Full-Time Microsurgeon Educator on Resident Training, Research Collaboration, and Grant Funding
Authors: Donnelly D'Andrea T. , Nicksic Peter J. , Zeng Weifeng , Dingle Aaron M. , Poore Samuel O.
Published: April 2023

Background The value of a fully trained microsurgeon dedicated to a laboratory setting at an academic institution is largely unknown. Microsurgery training lacks a national standard despite its highly complicated nature. Our study aims to evaluate the impact of a single laboratory-dedicated microsurgeon on the microsurgical training of integrated plastic surgery residents and collaborative efforts in research.

Method We devised a three-faceted microsurgical training curriculum, including a collaborative multi-institutional microsurgery course, novel high-fidelity simulator models, and a dedicated microsurgeon. We cataloged grant funding achieved through support to other divisions' protocols. Time, in hours, spent on training and the number of anastomoses completed with the microsurgical educator in a laboratory setting over a 4-year period (2017–2021) were evaluated. Resident independence scores were collected from attending microsurgeons to quantify the translation of microsurgical training.

Results Purchasing and maintenance costs of rats in our rodent facility decreased by $16,533.60 as 198 rats were replaced by our models. The residents who participated in our novel microsurgical training program were able to independently perform anastomoses in the OR by their postgraduate year 6. Additionally, the surgical support offered by our laboratory-dedicated microsurgeon led to a total of $24,171,921 in grant funding between 2017 and 2020.

Conclusion Hiring an expert microsurgical educator to train residents in a laboratory has proved promising in accelerating microsurgical mastery. Novel training modules, alternatives to animal models, save resources in housing and animal costs. The addition of a research-oriented-microsurgeon has improved collaborative efforts to advance a range of surgical fields.
A red-emitting micrometer scale LED with external quantum efficiency >8%
Authors: Pandey Ayush , Xiao Yixin , Reddeppa Maddaka , Malhotra Yakshita , Liu Jiangnan , Min Jungwook , Wu Yuanpeng , Mi Zetian
Published: April 2023

Significant efforts are being put into the development of efficient micrometer-scale light emitting diodes (LEDs) for future display technologies due to their marked benefits over existing displays. To date, however, the efficiency of microLED devices remains significantly lower than that of conventional broad-area devices. The deterioration in device performance with smaller device size has been linked to the plasma damage induced on mesa sidewalls during device fabrication. Here, we studied bottom-up red-emitting nanowire LEDs with different Mg doping levels in the p-GaN layer. The resulting sub-micron LED devices show a distinct improvement in efficiency with increasing Mg dopant incorporation. Through optimization of the doping, we measured an external quantum efficiency of ∼8.3% and a wall-plug efficiency of ∼4.6%, at a current density of ∼1 A/cm2, for a red-emitting sub-micrometer scale LED operating at >630 nm. This study highlights the importance of p-doping in microLEDs for attaining high efficiency performance in nanostructure-based devices.