bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Favoritism and Corporate Law: The Confused Corporate Opportunity Doctrine in the Hyundai Motor Case
Authors: Kim Hwa-Jin , Lee Seung , Woodcock Stephen
Published: March 2022

Core legal principles of U.S. corporate law are often met with perplexity in foreign jurisdictions. This is especially true for legal principles that are controversial even in the U.S. This Article takes the corporate opportunity doctrine and examines how it has been exported to the civil law regime in Korea. Korean conglomerates such as Samsung Group and Hyundai Motor Group have become major players in the global market, but corporate law and practice in Korea have had a difficult time keeping up with developments in the business sector. The Hyundai Motor Case demonstrates an ambitious, but ill-fated, attempt at the adoption of U.S. doctrine in Korea. This Article explains and analyzes the case and the new codified corporate opportunity doctrine rule in the Korean Commercial Code from a comparative perspective, and suggests that the dialogue surrounding the corporate opportunity doctrine in Korean legal and business communities is oriented in the wrong direction and that the new rule needs substantial refinement.
From Revolutionary to Palace Guard: The Role and Requirements of Intermediaries Under Proposed Regulation Crowdfunding
Authors: Stephenson Andrew , Knight Brian , Bahleda Matthew
Published: March 2022

Intermediaries in securities crowdfunding face significant requirements as a result of the statutory mandates of Title III of the JOBS Act. The SEC, in its proposed rules, provided structure to these requirements. The proposed rules would create strict requirements for intermediaries regarding their relationships with investors and how they undertake crowdfunding transactions under Section 4(a)(6) of the Securities Act. The proposed rules would also create and establish the guidelines for funding portals, a new type of limited purpose securities broker. While some commentators decry the SEC for placing undue burdens and legal liabilities on intermediaries in securities crowdfunding, the SEC had limited discretion in the proposed rules in regards to those issues. It is unclear what type of market will develop as a result of these rules as market participants work through the challenges and opportunities of securities crowdfunding.
The Fragmented Regulation of Investment Advice: A Call for Harmonization
Authors: Lazaro Christine , Edwards Benjamin
Published: March 2022

Decades of short-term thinking and regulatory fixes created the bewilderingly complex statutory and regulatory structures governing the giving of personalized investment advice to retail customers. Although deeply flawed, the current systems remain entrenched because of the difficulties inherent in making radical alterations. Importantly, the current patchwork systems do not seem to serve retail customers particularly well. Retail customers tend to make predictable and costly mistakes in allocating their assets. Some of this occurs because many investors lack basic financial literacy. A recent study released by the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) on financial literacy among investors (the “Literacy Study”) highlights some frightening findings. The Literacy Study documents that many investors struggle to protect themselves against fraud and do not understand basic concepts such as diversification, investment costs, inflation, or compound interest. Certain subgroups, “including women, African-Americans, Hispanics, the oldest segment of the elderly population, and those who are poorly educated, have an even greater lack of investment knowledge than the general population.” Much has been said about the role of financial literacy in protecting investors. Investors may also be protected through legislation and regulation. Following the Great Depression, the federal securities laws were enacted for precisely this purpose. But over time, the distinctions that once existed between the different professionals offering different forms of investment advice have disappeared, blurring the lines between existing regulatory structures.
Private Equity Investments in Microfinance in India
Authors: Manahan Hugh
Published: March 2022

A trail connects a skyscraper in Manhattan’s Financial District to a tiny food stand in a village in the southeast Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Initially wild and overgrown, the trail now resembles a well-developed road, cleared and shaped. The trail does not connect customers to call centers or raw materials to laborers; the path connects lenders seeking abnormal returns on their investments to borrowers living in poverty. This is the path of private equity investments in microfinance. Microfinance is a powerful financial innovation that has changed personal finance in many parts of the world. While microfinance began as non-profit means of empowering low-income entrepreneurs, the promise of scale, high repayment rates, and underserved markets has made microfinance an increasingly attractive investment for profit-seeking investors. This observation is supported by an unprecedented level of private equity investment in microfinance enterprises. Microfinance’s promise as an investment opportunity is best exemplified in India, which offers a vast low-income population, low penetration of personal financial products, liberal regulatory policies, and cultural forces that support group liability structures. This Note analyzes the investment potential of microfinance through the scope of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in India in four parts. Part II describes the MFI business model and explores how MFIs create contractual advantages and operational efficiencies in serving low-income borrowers. Part III explores how the Reserve Bank of India regulates MFIs and the incentive effects of these regulations on MFI behavior. Part IV attempts to quantify the extent of private equity investment in MFIs. Part V analyzes why private equity firms invest in MFIs and argues that two emerging trends may make MFIs less attractive investments in the future.
3(A)(10) Financing: New Predatory Financing Using the Securities Act
Authors: Glassman Thomas
Published: March 2022

The Section 3(a)(10) exemption of the Securities Act of 1933 is meant to exempt securities transactions where a fairness hearing by a judge or government agency’s ruling replaces the usual SEC registration requirements. Recently, there has been a rise in 3(a)(10) financing schemes, where a third party investor, what I call a “3(a)(10) financier,” will offer to purchase the outstanding debts of a company from its creditors in exchange for discounted, and unregistered, shares of stock. In many cases these exchanges are done with no notification to current shareholders whose value falls precipitously when the 3(a)(10) financier begins not only selling, but through a common clause in these 3(a)(10) financing contracts, also demanding that the company issue more shares to them at any time. The companies who work with 3(a)(10) financiers have, in some cases, become complicit in the scheme in order to hide these transactions from investors who provide the liquidity for the 3(a)(10) financier sell-offs. I conclude that the SEC needs to provide updated guidance on Section 3(a)(10) as well as bring significant enforcement actions to curtail this budding predatory finance scheme.
Absolute Lucas Spaces with Matrix and Compact Operators
Authors: GÖKÇE Fadime
Published: March 2022

The main purpose of this study is to introduce the absolute Lucas series spaces and to investigate their some algebraic and topological structure such as some inclusion relations, $BK-$ to this space, duals and Schauder basis. Also, the characterizations of matrix operators related to these space with their norms are given. Finally, by using Hausdorff measure of noncompactness, the necessary and sufficient conditions for a matrix operator on them to be compact are obtained.
Local Asymptotic Stability and Sensitivity Analysis of a New Mathematical Epidemic Model Without Immunity
Authors: ÇAKAN Sümeyye
Published: March 2022

With this study it is aimed to introduce and analyze a new SIS epidemic model including vaccination
effect. Vaccination considered in the model provides a temporary protection effect and is administered
to both susceptible and new members of the population. The study provides a different aspect to the
SIS models used to express, mathematically, some infectious diseases which are not eradicated by the
immune system. The model given this study is designed by considering varying processes from person
to person in the disease transmission, the recovery from disease (recovery without immunity) and in the
loss of protective effect provided by the vaccine. The processes that change according to individuals are
explained by distributed delays used in the relevant differential equations that provide the transition
between compartments. The differences in the model are especially evident in these parts. In analyzing
the model, firstly, the disease-free and endemic equilibrium points related to the model are determined.
Then, the basic reproduction number R₀ is calculated with the next generation matrix method. Next, the
dynamics about locally asymptotically stable of the model at the disease-free and endemic equilibriums are examined according to the basic reproduction number R₀. Attempts intended to reduce the spread of the disease are, of course, in the direction supporting the lowering the value R0. In this context, the reducing and enhancing effects of the parameters used in the model on the value R₀ have been interpreted mathematically and suggestions were made to implement control measures in this direction. Also, in order to evaluate the support provided by the vaccine during the spread of the disease, the model has been examined as vaccinated and unvaccinated, and by some mathematical process, it has been seen that the vaccination has a crucial effect on disease control by decreasing the basic reproduction number. In other respects, by explored that the effect of parameters related to vaccination on the change of R₀, a result about the minimum vaccination ratio of new members required for the elimination of the disease in the population within the scope of the target of R₀<1 has been obtained.
Solvability of a Three-Dimensional System of Nonlinear Difference Equations
Authors: KARA Merve
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we solve the following three-dimensional system of difference equationsxn=yn−4zn−5yn−1(an+bnzn−2xn−3yn−4zn−5),yn=zn−4xn−5zn−1(αn+βnxn−2yn−3zn−4xn−5),zn=xn−4yn−5xn−1(An+Bnyn−2zn−3xn−4yn−5), n∈N0,xn=yn−4zn−5yn−1(an+bnzn−2xn−3yn−4zn−5),yn=zn−4xn−5zn−1(αn+βnxn−2yn−3zn−4xn−5),zn=xn−4yn−5xn−1(An+Bnyn−2zn−3xn−4yn−5), n∈N0,where the sequences (an)n∈N0(an)n∈N0, (bn)n∈N0(bn)n∈N0, (αn)n∈N0(αn)n∈N0, (βn)n∈N0(βn)n∈N0, (An)n∈N0(An)n∈N0, (Bn)n∈N0(Bn)n∈N0 and the initial values x−j,y−jx−j,y−j, j=¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯1,5j=1,5¯, are real numbers. In addition, the constant coefficient of the mentioned system is solved in closed form. Finally, we also describe the forbidden set of solutions of the system of difference equations.
ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICITY QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY FOR A PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT WITH 8 MW OF POWER
Authors:   ", GROȘANU Dan-Valeriu ,   University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest Faculty of Electrical Engineering", CAZACU Emil ,   "University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest Faculty of Electrical Engineering", PETRESCU Lucian
Published: March 2022

The paper presents a study on the quality and energy efficiency of operation for a photovoltaic plant with a power of 8 MW connected to the national energy network. The various operating regimes of the main network elements within the investigated photovoltaic plant are examined both qualitatively and quantitatively. Thus, for power transformers and medium voltage cables in the plant, the losses due to the particular regimes imposed by the load are calculated (often deforming and unbalanced regimes). In this way, opportunities are identified to increase the energy efficiency of the entire system, but also methods to improve the quality of energy delivered at the point of its connection to the local energy system.
PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE OF LOW VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS THROUGH THERMAL INSPECTION INSPECTION
Authors:   ", CAZACU Emil ,   University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest Faculty of Electrical Engineering", MATEESCU Mihiata-Petronel ,   "University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest Faculty of Electrical Engineering", GROȘANU Dan-Valeriu ,   "University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest Faculty of Electrical Engineering", PETRESCU Lucian
Published: March 2022

Predictive maintenance continuously compares the trend of the values ​​of the most important functional parameters (electrical, thermal, mechanical) of an investigated equipment with their accepted limits (prescribed by the equipment manufacturer or imposed by the technological process), aiming to anticipate, analyze and even correct possible malfunctions before they manifest. This paper addresses an important part of the predictive maintenance service: the non-invasive examination by thermal inspection (IR thermography - infrared) of the thermal demands of the most important electrical equipment in power plants: transformers and drive motors. Thus, it is proposed a procedure that, using thermal maps (thermograms) of the systems analyzed in various operating regimes, to allow both a continuity of operation of technological processes served by various electrical equipment and their high efficiency.
ANALYTICAL AND NUMERICAL COMPUTATION OF ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE IN A LOW CURRENT MULTI-SPOTS METALLIC CONTACT
Authors:   ", DANKAT Gideon Gwanzuwang ,   University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest Faculty of Electrical Engineering", DOBRE Alin Alexandru ,   "University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest Faculty of Electrical Engineering", DUMITRAN Laurențiu Marius ,   "University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest Faculty of Electrical Engineering"
Published: March 2022

The problem concerning the specific resistance of electrical contacts is still of special importance especially in high complexity electrical systems or critical operation devices such as those used in the automotive industry. A huge number of studies have been conducted over time in order to develop easy models that allow the calculation of the contact resistance at the interface between two conductors taking into account the discontinuity of the contact surface. This paper presents a study on the computation of the contact resistance of two metal conductors with analytical relations and, respectively, using numerical computation models. The aim of this paper is to examine the differences between the results obtained using analytical models and numerical model based on finite element method (FEM) in COMSOL Multiphysics.
Ridiculing the “tinfoil hats:” Citizen responses to COVID-19 misinformation in the Danish facemask debate on Twitter
Authors: Johansen Nicklas , Marjanovic Sara Vera , Kjaer Cathrine Valentin , Baglini Rebekah Brita , Adler-Nissen Rebecca
Published: March 2022

We study how citizens engage with misinformation on Twitter in Denmark during the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that misinformation regarding facemasks is not corrected through counter-arguments or fact-checking. Instead, many tweets rejecting misinformation use humor to mock misinformation spreaders, whom they pejoratively label wearers of “tinfoil hats.” Tweets rejecting misinformation project a superior social position and leave the concerns of misinformation spreaders unaddressed. Our study highlights the role of status in people’s engagement with online misinformation.
Optimalisasi Prediksi Tingkat Pendapatan Desa Berdasarkan Jenis Usaha Menggunakan Metode Monte Carlo
Authors: Varera Oki Jaya
Published: March 2022

Village-Owned Enterprises or called BUMDes are basically a pillar of economic activity in the village that functions as social as well as commercial institutions. BUMDes Rawa Bento is a business entity that is not only engaged in tourism and mountain equipment rental but also provides tour guides, city tours and family gatherings. In achieving optimal results for the use of the budget, a strategy is needed to predict the use of the budget in the following year which requires data on the previous use as material for making decisions. This study aims to predict annual income. So that BUMDes can determine strategies quickly and optimally. The data processed is income data from 2019 to 2021 at the BUMDes Rawa Bento. From the problems that have been explained that village-owned enterprises need a system that is able to predict the use of future budgets, making it easier to make budgets for the future. So this study uses the Monte Carlo method to solve the problem. The Monte Carlo method is a numerical method described as a statistical simulation method. The Monte Carlo method is a method used to assist companies in solving problems, where problems can be solved with uncertainty. The data used as samples were taken randomly. The test results use the Monte Carlo method with an average income of IDR 8,344,028, an average simulation of IDR 8,914,583 and the average percentage value for predictions for 2020 and 2021 is 97%. The Monte Carlo method can accurately predict annual income. Keywords: BUMDes, Revenue, Prediction, Monte Carlo, Simulation.
After “Establishing…”: Self-Access Learning Then, Now and Into the Future
Authors: Gardner David , Miller Lindsay
Published: March 2022

This paper is a reflection looking back on the evolution of self-access language learning from the publication of Establishing Self-Access: From Theory to Practice (Gardner & Miller, 1999) until now, and then looking forward to consider its future. Our reflection is based on our personal involvement in the field, on our understanding of developments which have been related to us by colleagues and on the ongoing discussions in the ever-expanding literature. Our coverage is influenced by our own working experiences as teachers and academics in Hong Kong and as visitors to sites of self-access learning throughout the region and beyond. The paper starts with a review of self-access learning as it was implemented around the beginning of the millennium and the background to that approach. It then presents a reflection on changes that occurred in the following decades and finishes with a consideration of the place of self-access learning (if any) in the future.
A Report on The 6th RILAE Lab Session, Landmarks in Self-Access
Authors: Ubukata Haruka , Stevenson Robert
Published: March 2022

To commemorate the 50 years of research into self-access learning as well as the 20th anniversary of the Self-Access Learning Center (SALC) at Kanda University of International Studies (KUIS), the Research Institute for Learner Autonomy (RILAE) held its 6th annual conference under the theme of “Landmarks in SALC Contexts.” This article details the 15 presentations from the conference and is a companion piece to Mynard et al. (2021), which gives a brief overview of the conference and highlights past works from the self-access research.
Introduction to Advising for University Students: Providing the Tools to Self-Advise and Prompt Reflection in Others
Authors: Yarwood Amelia , Asaizumi Momoyo , Kawauchi Mina
Published: March 2022

This article is a reflection on a course designed to introduce general advising skills and approaches to a mixed-year EFL class at a foreign language university in Japan. The authors of the article provide commentary on not only the course design but also how the course was perceived from both teacher and learner perspectives. This course was comprised of thirty 90-minute lessons covering three core topics which included (1) understanding what advising is in everyday contexts and the role of advisors, (2) using advising strategies and (3) understanding affect and how to deal with it during advising sessions. To ensure students had ample opportunities to practice the skills and strategies they had learned about, mock-advising sessions took place. Several benefits of these sessions from both the teacher’s and students’ perspectives are provided. Following a discussion of the issues encountered, suggestions for modifications are made. Additionally, an outline of how students were supported in developing their ability to analyse advising sessions for their own benefit is provided. The article concludes with a final reflection on the course as a whole from both teaching and learning perspectives.
Utilizing Advising Strategies with Grounded Theory to Support an Advisee’s Learning Goals
Authors: Vye Stacey
Published: March 2022

This reflection-in-practice details a 30-minute advising session online with a fourth-year male student at a self-access center at Saitama University, a national/public university in Japan. The advisor (the author) was not the advisee’s instructor and genuinely attempted to be an equal conversation partner to boost trust and credibility. This qualitative framework was primarily inductive, and 12 advising strategies checklist and the use of silence in Kato and Mynard (2016) were utilized. After analyzing between patterns and themes in an inductive process, three advising strategies emerged in the post-session analysis using grounded theory (Corbin & Strauss, 2015; Creswell, 2014; Merriam & Tisdell, 2016) that were summarizing, metaphor, and asking powerful questions (Kato & Mynard, 2016). The advisee pinpointed his English self-study constraints, then planned to select English videos with English and Japanese captions as support to reach his English proficiency goals. After analyzing the rich content, I learned more about how my advising shortcomings turned into a strength by reflecting on the emergent data over time. Moving forward, I am conducting more advisee sessions to inductively reveal how advisees intensify their learner autonomy for their own study purposes.
A.I. SOLZHENITSYN ON THE EXHAUSTION OF CULTURE: CAUSES AND WAYS OF OVERCOMING
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Makarchuk I.Yu.
Published: March 2022

The article considers A.I. Solzhenitsyn's understanding of culture, expressed in 1997 during the round table in the Russian Academy of Sciences, as well as his views on the causes that led to a general decline of culture in the XX century. In his opinion the reasons are utilitarianism of high culture requirements, fast growth of material well-being in the field of technological revolution, mass culture and finally secularization of culture. The author concludes that the provisions expressed by A. Solzhenitsyn on the crisis phenomena in culture remain relevant, and thus can be used in modern culturological science and culturological practice.
Modelling of Electric Vehicle with PID Controller Transfer Function using GA and Model-Reduced Order DRA Algorithm
Authors: Pudi Vasudeva Naidu , Sarma GVSSN Srirama , Sura Srinivasa Rao , Bolla Prasad , Rao N Siva Mallikarjuna
Published: March 2022

In this paper, a model of an electric vehicle transfer function using GA and a model-reduced order discrete time realization (DRA) algorithm is presented. The electric vehicle (EV) control system regulates vehicle speed according to the driver’s command signal and brings the vehicle to its equilibrium point, i.e., the desired speed under any abnormal conditions. The controller transfer function is designed based on EV's dynamic differential equations. An infinite-order transcendental transfer function for the EV model is approximated to find high-reliability discrete-time state-space reduced-order models (ROMs). Reduced the robustness and increased the predictions' accuracy of ROM output in terms of accurate numerical simulations of the EV transfer function. Also, the design of the PID controller parameter using optimization techniques (OT) for the tuning of conventional controllers for the desired speed is done using a linearized model. In this study, the performance of a conventional PID controller is compared with that of a GA-based PID controller. In terms of maximum overshoot, peak time, rising time, settling time, and steady state error, the simulation results show that the suggested controller is preferable.
An Algorithm with the Even-odd Splitting of the Wavelet Transform of Non-Hermitian Splines of the Seventh Degree
Authors: Shumilov Boris M.
Published: March 2022

The article investigates an implicit method of decomposition of the 7th degree non-Hermitian splines into a series of wavelets with two zero moments. The system of linear algebraic equations connecting the coefficients of the spline expansion on the initial scale with the spline coefficients and wavelet coefficients on the embedded scale is obtained. The even-odd splitting of the wavelet decomposition algorithm into a solution of the half-size five-diagonal system of linear equations and some local averaging formulas are substantiated. The results of numerical experiments on accuracy on polynomials and compression of spline-wavelet decomposition are presented.
El Gamal Cryptosystem on a Montgomery Curves Over Non Local Ring
Authors: Elhamam Moha Ben Taleb , Grini Abdelali , Chillali Abdelhakim , El Fadil Lhoussain
Published: March 2022

Let Fq be the finite field of q elements, where q is a prime power. In this paper, we study the Montgomery curves over the ring Fq[X]/(X^2−X), denoted by MA,B(Fq[X]/(X^2−X) ); (A,B) ∈ (Fq[X]/(X^2−X))^2. Using the Montgomery equation, we define the Montgomery curves MA,B(Fq[X]/X^2−X) and we give a bijection between this curve and product of two Montgomery curves defined on Fq. Furthermore, we study the addition law of Montgomery curves over the ring Fq[X]/X^2−X. We close this paper by introducing a public key cryptosystem which is a variant of the ElGamal cryptosystem on a Montgomery curves over the same ring.
PROPERTIES OF FIBONACCI AND LUCAS SEQUENCES VIA FIBONACCI LIKE MATRICES
Authors: Kawale G.S. , Lahurikar R.M.
Published: March 2022

Some interesting identities of Fibonacci and Lucas Sequences by using Fibonacci like Matrices are discussed.
Personal resilience of first-year, alternatively certified agriscience teachers
Authors: Barry Debra , Warner Anna J. , LaRose Sarah , Colclasure Blake , Osborne Edward
Published: March 2022

A wide range of challenges continues to exist in delivering school-based agricultural education (SBAE) programs. Among the most pressing challenges are the recruitment and retention of high-quality agriculture teachers (Guffey & Young, 2020). Teacher educators and researchers in SBAE are tasked with meeting the nationwide demand for teachers, while also better understanding the status of alternatively certified agriculture teachers (Foster et al., 2020). This study explored the challenges, coping strategies, and personal resilience of first-year agriscience teachers in Florida who held a temporary teaching certificate. Using a qualitative, phenomenological approach, seven alternatively certified Florida agriculture teachers were interviewed. The personal resilience framework developed by Hoopes (2017) guided this study, as researchers examined alternatively certified teachers’ experiences and responses to challenges in their teaching. Emergent themes included prior plans to teach, overwhelming expectations, supportive networks, aspects of resilience, and feelings of motivation and inspiration. This study highlights the need for proactive professional development and support systems for first-year, alternatively certified agriculture teachers.
Pembuatan Alat Potong Tulang Sapi untuk Peningkatan Kinerja Panitia Qurban di Masjid Miftahul Jannah Kelurahaan Berua Kota Makassar
Authors: Sunding Alang , Afifah Nurul
Published: March 2022

Every 10th of Dhul-Hijjah Muslims around the world celebrate eid al-Adha or known as the feast of Qurban. Almost every mosque, especially urban areas, organizes slaughter of qurban animals, as well as in the Miftahul Jannah Mosque. Based on information obtained from partners that almost every year the number of cows is more than goats for slaughter. In addition to meat, beef bones are also a part that is distributed by partners to those who are entitled to receive especially the shohibul qurban. In the resent years the bones that are distributed are large pieces so that it is a concern for partners because the recipient expects the size of the bone received to be ready to be cooked because not all residents who have equipment to cut bones. Based on this condition, it is necessary to make a bone cutting machine that can cut bones quickly with a ready-to-cook size of 10-15 cm. Utilization of bone cutting tools was carried out on eid al-Adha 10 Dhul-Hijjah 1442 H, coinciding on July 20, 2021. The number of cows that are cut is 6.  The results of the implementation of the machine show that the equipment is functioning in accordance with the expectations of the partner. Based on the results of four  mitra members showed that the machine can be operated easily, can cut quickly with a cut size of 10 - 15 cm, and is safe to use. After cutting 6 cow bones the machine still works well. Some input from partners is to expand the size of the table and improve the appearance of the machine so that it can be sold.
PKM Penanaman Konsep Dasar Penjumlahan dan Pengurangan Pecahan pada Siswa- Siswi Kelas III di SD GMIT Abangiwang Kecamatan Pantar Timur Kabupaten Alor Tahun 2021
Authors: Tang Melki Imamastri Puling , Wabang Yermia S. , Tang Abraham Puling
Published: March 2022

Research through community service (CS) in Bunga Bali village, Pantar Timur sub-district, Alor. PKM instilling the basic concepts of addition and subtraction of fractions in 3rd grade students of SD GMIT Abangiwang is carried out with the aim of finding out the extent of students' knowledge of fractions, whether the denominator is the same or the denominator is different. This PKM activity offers planting the basic concept of multiplication as a reference in understanding fractions. In this PKM, it was found that there was an increase in students' understanding of mathematics, especially fractions in simple fractions, while in fractions whose denominators were not the same, it was necessary to emphasize to students to study harder. The average test result is 61.54% in the sufficient category. Factors causing difficulties in solving simple fractions based on the results of interviews with third grade homeroom teachers generally include interest and motivation, teacher factors, environmental factors, teacher factors, infrastructure factors, environmental factors, and the need for discipline during teaching and learning activities. Some of the 3rd grade students of SD GMIT Abangiwang still find it difficult to memorize multiplications from 1 to 10. This makes it difficult for students. This makes it difficult for them in the section on equating 'fractions with different denominators'. The researcher offers teachers in the field of study that they need to strengthen the basics of multiplication before discussing fractions material.
Overview of the species of the genus Picardia Gibeaux, 1994 (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae) in the world fauna, with description of new species
Authors: Ustjuzhanin Petr Ya. , Kovtunovich Vasily N. , Streltzov Alexander N.
Published: March 2022

The article gives an overview of the genus Picardia Gibeaux, 1994 (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae) in the world fauna. Three new species are described from Kenya, Cameroon and Zimbabwe: Picardia bassi Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich sp. nov., Picardia bunga Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich sp. nov. and Picardia tropeki Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich sp. nov. The species Oidaematophorus negus Gibeaux, 1994b is transferred to the genus Picardia. Picardia ecstaticus (Meyrick, 1932) is transferred to the genus Crassuncus Gibeaux, 1994. The new distributional data are presented.
Evaluation of phytochemical antioxidant levels by hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay
Authors: Pleh Ajla , Mahmutović Lejla , Hromić-Jahjefendić Altijana
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant capacity of some phytochemicals by using an H2O2 scavenging assay. Betaine, Allantoin and Nicotinamide were put to the test.  Even though hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is not intrinsically reactive, it can be transformed into the extremely reactive and harmful hydroxyl radical (HO), which is then able to interact with nucleotides in deoxyribose nucleic acid and in that way trigger breakage of the strand resulting in carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, etc. Antioxidants aid in the protection of cells from the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species that are known to induce oxidative stress. Excessive production of these reactive oxygen species in the human body is associated with many chronic degenerative diseases such as diabetes, neurodegenerative disease, cancer, etc. The effective way to minimize levels of oxidative stress is the ability to scavenge these reactive oxygen species (ROS). Also, phytochemicals are able to act as antioxidants, and in that way play a vital role in the prevention of disease caused by oxidative stress. The ability of a compound to scavenge H2O2 is a good predictor of its potential antioxidant function. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging assay was determined using the Ruch et al., 1989 method, and a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. In conclusion, our samples had marvellous H2O2 scavenging activity and possessed good antioxidant capability, and were compared with the ascorbic acid (vitamin c) as standard natural antioxidant/ as reference antioxidant. The samples were also able to scavenge H2O2 in a concentration-dependent way, according to our results
Privacy no direito italiano
Authors: Colombo Cristiano , Berni Duílio Landell Moura
Published: March 2022

O artigo versa sobre conexões havidas entre a privacy, sob a perspectiva do direito italiano, e o corpo eletrônico. Na primeira parte, foram abordadas a recepção do termo privacy, no ordenamento jurídico italiano, as fontes de direito aplicáveis e sua abrangência conceitual. Na segunda parte, adentrando à estrutura de três decisões judiciais italianas, foram propostos insights acerca de limites conceituais, deslocamento geográfico e transparência do corpo eletrônico, a serem considerados como elementos para fins de apuração de dano. Diante do contínuo avanço das novas tecnologias, do legal framework da privacy e da compleição do corpo eletrônico, exige-se do observador reconhecer novos fenômenos e revisitar soluções que já se encontram, aparentemente, cristalizadas. A metodologia da pesquisa foi teórica, tratando de forma exploratória e descritiva, valendo-se de procedimentos técnicos bibliográficos e análise jurisprudencial.
Comentários sobre nexo de causalidade em discussão sobre responsabilidade civil de provedor de e-mail por transferência de bitcoins feita por hacker
Authors: Kretzmann Renata Pozzi
Published: March 2022

Trata-se de comentário à decisão proferida pela Terceira Turma do Superior Tribunal de Justiça em 23 de novembro de 2021 que versa sobre responsabilidade de provedor de internet que oferece conta de e-mail pela invasão de hacker à conta de usuário e transferência de criptomoeda. No caso discutiu-se a ocorrência de danos materiais e danos morais em exame da ocorrência dos elementos da responsabilidade civil.
‘Οὐ κατ’ ἐπιταγὴν λέγω.’ Paul’s Fundraising Appeal in 2 Corinthians 8:7-12 and Implications for the Church Today
Authors: Kalu Jones Otisi , Ituma Ezichi
Published: March 2022

At a time when Christian preachers employ all forms of gimmicks to persuade people to give, examining Paul’s model of appeal in the collection for the saints, particularly 2 Corinthians 8:7–12, would prove helpful. Paul avows that he is not commanding the Corinthians and takes pains to demonstrate that. This paper, therefore, employed a lexico-grammatical method of exegesis to explore Paul’s preferred approach and what it portends for the church’s rhetoric at fundraising towards ensuring results, on one hand, and integrity, on the other hand. It discovered that for Paul and Christian giving in general, sounding authoritative while calling for funds would inadvertently compromise the ethics of freewill giving, which is at the core of Christian generosity. Rather an appeal to the people’s gracious endowments, the earnestness of their love, free will and proportionate giving would be more fruitful and girded with integrity; the kind of giving acceptable to God.

Keywords: Corinthians, Freewill Giving, Fundraising, Paul’s Collection, Proportionate Giving
The Use of Massage to Support Emotional and Physical Health in a Pregnancy After Stillbirth: a Case Study
Authors: Fogarty, PhD Sarah
Published: March 2022

Objective: To observe the effects of massage aiming to support a mum in her pregnancy after a previous stillbirth. The client’s goal varied over the course of her pregnancy, but her main motivation was to help manage the anxiety and stress of pregnancy after a previous stillbirth.
Methods: A 32-year-old pregnant wom-an received seven massages over a seven-month period. The Measure Yourself Concerns and Wellbeing (MYCaW) outcome measure was used at each session to identify the client’s concerns at that time point. Written feedback was also sought from the client just prior to her giving birth.
Results: The client’s concerns included anxiety, sciatica, stress, shoulder tension/soreness, and a lack of sleep. The client experienced a decrease in each concern after each treatment over the seven sessions and experienced improved wellbeing after each session. The client self-reported that the massage helped her cope, saying: “I’m not sure how I would have coped if I didn’t have her sessions.”
Conclusions: Massage is a treatment option for women experiencing pregnancy after stillbirth, which can provide physical and emotional support.
A Year in Review for the IJTMB
Authors: Kennedy, LMT, BCTMB, DrPH Ann Blair
Published: March 2022

Yearly review and evaluation of the journal metrics and processes help to understand the value, worth, and impact of the Journal. In this editorial, the yearly review includes discussions on the current statistics of journal submissions and publication, updates to the IJTMB website, current social media impact, as well as the current peer review process and metrics. Additionally, the peer reviewers for the past year are thanked and acknowledged for their efforts and service to the Journal.
INFLUENCE OF BLOCKCHAIN AND SMART CONTRACTS ON PARTNERS’ TRUST, VISIBILITY, COMPETITIVENESS, AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE IN MANUFACTURING SUPPLY CHAINS
Authors: Chen Ping-Kuo , He Qiu-Rui , Chu Shiping
Published: March 2022

This study investigates the influence of blockchain and smart contracts on partners’ trust, increasing visibility, competitiveness, and environmental performance when implemented in manufacturing supply chains. Partial least squares (PLS) was the main method used to test and verify the research model and hypotheses. According to the test results, blockchain and smart contracts positively influence partners’ trust. Increasing trust produces a positive effect on increasing visibility, further promoting competitiveness and environmental performance. However, the vulnerability of smart contracts still causes information security concerns. If smart contracts are adopted for an extended time, partners will worry about problems of information vulnerability stemming from the smart contract, further reducing trust and affecting visibility. Regarding academic implications, this study not only proves the relationship between blockchain, smart contracts, partners’ trust, increasing visibility, competitiveness, and environmental performance. In addition, we also proved the vulnerability of smart contracts; our test results fill these gaps. Regarding practical implications, with extended contract periods, partners may expand their doubt in the smart contract and reduce information sharing, further affecting visibility. Manufacturers are reminded that smart contracts may carry hidden trouble that disrupts the relationship between partners’ trust and visibility.
GASKAP Pilot Survey Science. II. ASKAP Zoom Observations of Galactic 21 cm Absorption
Authors: Dickey John M. , Dempsey J. M. , Pingel N. M. , McClure-Griffiths N. M. , Jameson K. , Dawson J. R. , Dénes H. , Clark S. E. , Joncas G. , Leahy D. , Lee Min-Young , Miville-Deschênes M.-A. , Stanimirović S. , Tremblay C. D. , van Loon J. Th.
Published: March 2022

Using the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder to measure 21 cm absorption spectra toward continuum background sources, we study the cool phase of the neutral atomic gas in the far outer disk, and in the inner Galaxy near the end of the Galactic bar at longitude 340°. In the inner Galaxy, the cool atomic gas has a smaller scale height than in the solar neighborhood, similar to the molecular gas and the super-thin stellar population in the bar. In the outer Galaxy, the cool atomic gas is mixed with the warm, neutral medium, with the cool fraction staying roughly constant with the Galactic radius. The ratio of the emission brightness temperature to the absorption, i.e., 1 − e
−τ
, is roughly constant for velocities corresponding to Galactic radius greater than about twice the solar circle radius. The ratio has a value of about 300 K, but this does not correspond to a physical temperature in the gas. If the gas causing the absorption has kinetic temperature of about 100 K, as in the solar neighborhood, then the value 300 K indicates that the fraction of the gas mass in this phase is one-third of the total H i mass.
The Coronal Veil
Authors: Malanushenko A. , Cheung M. C. M. , DeForest C. E. , Klimchuk J. A. , Rempel M.
Published: March 2022

Coronal loops, seen in solar coronal images, are believed to represent emission from magnetic flux tubes with compact cross sections. We examine the 3D structure of plasma above an active region in a radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulation to locate volume counterparts for coronal loops. In many cases, a loop cannot be linked to an individual thin strand in the volume. While many thin loops are present in the synthetic images, the bright structures in the volume are fewer and of complex shape. We demonstrate that this complexity can form impressions of thin bright loops, even in the absence of thin bright plasma strands. We demonstrate the difficulty of discerning from observations whether a particular loop corresponds to a strand in the volume, or a projection artifact. We demonstrate how apparently isolated loops could deceive observers, even when observations from multiple viewing angles are available. While we base our analysis on a simulation, the main findings are independent from a particular simulation setup and illustrate the intrinsic complexity involved in interpreting observations resulting from line-of-sight integration in an optically thin plasma. We propose alternative interpretation for strands seen in Extreme Ultraviolet images of the corona. The “coronal veil” hypothesis is mathematically more generic, and naturally explains properties of loops that are difficult to address otherwise—such as their constant cross section and anomalously high density scale height. We challenge the paradigm of coronal loops as thin magnetic flux tubes, offering new understanding of solar corona, and by extension, of other magnetically confined bright hot plasmas.
Effects of Small-scale Absorption Systems on Neutral Islands during the Late Epoch of Reionization
Authors: Wu 武 Peng-Ju 鹏举 , Xu 徐 Yidong 怡冬 , Zhang 张 Xin 鑫 , Chen 陈 Xuelei 学雷
Published: March 2022

The reionization process is expected to be prolonged by the small-scale absorbers (SSAs) of ionizing photons, which have been seen as Lyman-limit systems in quasar absorption line observations. We use a set of semi-numerical simulations to investigate the effects of absorption systems on the reionization process, especially their impacts on the neutral islands during the late epoch of reionization (EoR). Three models are studied, i.e., the extreme case of no-SSA model with a high level of ionizing background, the moderate-SSA model with a relatively high level of ionizing background, and the dense-SSA model with a low level of ionizing background. We find that while the characteristic scale of neutral regions decreases during the early and middle stages of reionization, it stays nearly unchanged at about 10 co-moving Mpc during the late stage for the no-SSA and moderate-SSA models. However, in the case of weak ionizing background in the dense-SSA model, the characteristic island scale shows obvious evolution, as large islands break into many small ones that are slowly ionized. The evolutionary behavior of neutral islands during the late EoR thus provides us with a novel way to constrain the abundance of SSAs. We discuss the 21 cm observation with the upcoming Square Kilometre Array. The different models can be distinguished by either the 21 cm imaging or the 21 cm power spectrum measurements.
Tidal Erasure of Stellar Obliquities Constrains the Timing of Hot Jupiter Formation
Authors: Spalding Christopher , Winn Joshua N.
Published: March 2022

Stars with hot Jupiters sometimes have high obliquities, which are possible relics of hot Jupiter formation. Based on the characteristics of systems with and without high obliquities, it is suspected that obliquities are tidally damped when the star has a thick convective envelope, as is the case for main-sequence stars cooler than ∼6100 K, and the orbit is within ∼8 stellar radii. A promising theory for tidal obliquity damping is the dissipation of inertial waves within the star’s convective envelope. Here, we consider the implications of this theory for the timing of hot Jupiter formation. Specifically, hot stars that currently lack a convective envelope possess one during their pre-main sequence. We find that hot Jupiters orbiting within a critical distance of ∼0.02 au from a misaligned main-sequence star lacking a thick convective envelope must have acquired their tight orbits after a few tens of millions of years in order to have retained their obliquities throughout the pre-main sequence. There are four known systems for which this argument applies–XO-3b, Corot-3b, WASP-14b, and WASP-121b–subject to uncertainties surrounding inertial wave dissipation. Moreover, we conclude that a recently identified overabundance of near-polar hot Jupiters is unlikely sculpted by tides, instead reflecting their primordial configuration. Finally, hot Jupiters arriving around cool stars after a few hundreds of millions of years likely find the host star rotating too slowly for efficient obliquity damping. We predict that the critical effective temperature separating aligned and misaligned stars should vary with metallicity, from 6300 to 6000 K as [Fe/H] varies from −0.3 to +0.3.