bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Research on Temperature Sensing of Seawater Based on Three Interferometers Incorporated With Bow Tie Fiber
Authors: Zhai Changxin , Li Yu , Wang Shanshan , Xu Jibo , Wen Zheng , Wang Jing
Published: July 2023

Three interferometers (the Sagnac sensor, the linear polarization interferometer, and the reflecting polarization interferometer) incorporated with the bow tie fiber are proposed to detect the seawater temperature. Bow tie fiber, a kind of polarization maintaining fiber, has stress induced birefringence. The three interferometers are categorized as transmission and reflection types to analyze the sensing principles. Related experiments are performed to explore the influence of the wavelength and length of the bow tie fiber on the sensitivity and free spectral range (FSR). The sensitivity and FSR both increase with the wavelength increasing. The sensitivity fluctuates in a small range and FSR decreases with the length increasing. The reflecting polarization interferometer has the bigger sensitivity of −1.19nm/°C than the other two. And it has the advantages of easy fabrication, simple operation, and good stability, so it is applicable in real ocean exploration. Our work can provide a reference to researchers who do oceanographic research.
Current status and prospects of automatic sleep stages scoring: Review
Authors: Gaiduk Maksym , Serrano Alarcón Ángel , Seepold Ralf , Martínez Madrid Natividad
Published: July 2023

The scoring of sleep stages is one of the essential tasks in sleep analysis. Since a manual procedure requires considerable human and financial resources, and incorporates some subjectivity, an automated approach could result in several advantages. There have been many developments in this area, and in order to provide a comprehensive overview, it is essential to review relevant recent works and summarise the characteristics of the approaches, which is the main aim of this article. To achieve it, we examined articles published between 2018 and 2022 that dealt with the automated scoring of sleep stages. In the final selection for in-depth analysis, 125 articles were included after reviewing a total of 515 publications. The results revealed that automatic scoring demonstrates good quality (with Cohen's kappa up to over 0.80 and accuracy up to over 90%) in analysing EEG/EEG + EOG + EMG signals. At the same time, it should be noted that there has been no breakthrough in the quality of results using these signals in recent years. Systems involving other signals that could potentially be acquired more conveniently for the user (e.g. respiratory, cardiac or movement signals) remain more challenging in the implementation with a high level of reliability but have considerable innovation capability. In general, automatic sleep stage scoring has excellent potential to assist medical professionals while providing an objective assessment.
Pediatric Readiness and Trauma Centers: History, Relevance, and Practical Application
Authors: Melhado Caroline G. , Yorkgitis Brian K. , Remick Katherine , Gray Lisa , Macias Charles G. , Dingeldein Michael W. , Jensen Aaron R.
Published: July 2023

Purpose of Review

New optimal standards for the care of the injured patient released in 2022 by the American College of Surgeons now include a requirement for trauma centers—adult and pediatric—to assess their own pediatric readiness and take steps to address any gaps.

Recent Findings

Timely access to high-quality initial resuscitative care for injured children is essential. While the benefit of pediatric trauma centers has been demonstrated, initial post-injury care is often provided at non-pediatric centers due to limited access to this resource. The National Pediatric Readiness Project (NPRP) has outlined a framework for ensuring preparedness for pediatric emergency care in the emergency department, including pediatric trauma care. Pediatric readiness can be quantified by the weighted pediatric readiness score (wPRS). Critically ill and injured children initially treated at emergency departments with higher levels of pediatric readiness have been associated with improved mortality. While pediatric trauma centers have high levels of pediatric readiness, non-pediatric centers have been shown to have significantly lower levels of pediatric readiness—despite a large number of children gaining access to the trauma system.

This manuscript is intended as a comprehensive review of the pediatric readiness project: its history, its impact on US trauma center outcomes, and its application via the use of the pediatric readiness assessment and toolkit within an individual trauma center. This review is intended to be a practical guide to ensure that every trauma hospital is ready and able to provide quality triage and initial resuscitation of an injured child in their emergency department.
Refutations and Reasoning in Undergraduate Mathematics
Authors: Alcock Lara , Attridge Nina
Published: July 2023

This paper concerns undergraduate mathematics students’ understandings of refutation and their related performance in abstract conditional inference. It reports on 173 responses to a refutation instrument that asked participants to: 1) state ‘true’ or ‘false’ for three statements, providing counterexamples or reasons if they thought these false (all three were false); 2) evaluate possible counterexamples and reasons, where reasons were ‘corrected’ versions of the statements but not valid refutations; and 3) choose which of the counterexamples and the corrected statements were better answers, explaining why. The data show that students reliably understood the logic of counterexamples but did not respond normatively according to the broader logic of refutations. Many endorsed the corrected statements as valid and chose these as better responses; we analyse their explanations using Toulmin’s model of argumentation. The data further show that participants with better abstract conditional inference scores were more likely to respond normatively by giving, endorsing, and choosing counterexamples as refutations; conditional inference scores also predicted performance in a proof-based course.
Fuzzy Cognitive Networks in Diverse Applications Using Hybrid Representative Structures
Authors: Karatzinis Georgios D. , Apostolikas Nikolaos A. , Boutalis Yiannis S. , Papakostas George A.
Published: July 2023

Fuzzy cognitive networks (FCNs) arose from traditional fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) to have the advantage of guaranteed convergence to equilibrium points, thus being more suitable than conventional FCMs for a variety of pattern recognition and system identification tasks. Moreover, recent developments led to FCNs with functional weights (FCNs-FW), as a significant FCNs enhancement in terms of storage requirements, efficiency and less human intervention requirements. In this paper we proceed further by introducing hybrid deep learning structures, interweaving FCNs-FW with well established deep neural network (DNN) representative structures and apply the new schemes on a variety of pattern recognition and time series prediction tasks. More specifically, after discussing general issues related to the construction of deep learning structures using FCNs-FW we present three hybrid models, which combine the FCN-FW with convolutional neural networks (CNNs), echo state networks (ESNs) and AutoEncoder (AE) schemes, respectively. The hybrid schemes are tested on diverse benchmark data sets and prove that FCN-FW based hybrid schemes perform equally well or better than state-of-the-art DNN-based schemes, paving thus the way for using cognitive networks to deep learning representative structures.
Advances in the Application of Perovskite Materials
Authors: Zhang Lixiu , Mei Luyao , Wang Kaiyang , Lv Yinhua , Zhang Shuai , Lian Yaxiao , Liu Xiaoke , Ma Zhiwei , Xiao Guanjun , Liu Qiang , Zhai Shuaibo , Zhang Shengli , Liu Gengling , Yuan Ligang , Guo Bingbing , Chen Ziming , Wei Keyu , Liu Aqiang , Yue Shizhong , Niu Guangda , Pan Xiyan , Sun Jie , Hua Yong , Wu Wu-Qiang , Di Dawei , Zhao Baodan , Tian Jianjun , Wang Zhijie , Yang Yang , Chu Liang , Yuan Mingjian , Zeng Haibo , Yip Hin-Lap , Yan Keyou , Xu Wentao , Zhu Lu , Zhang Wenhua , Xing Guichuan , Gao Feng , Ding Liming
Published: July 2023

Nowadays, the soar of photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells has set off a fever in the study of metal halide perovskite materials. The excellent optoelectronic properties and defect tolerance feature allow metal halide perovskite to be employed in a wide variety of applications. This article provides a holistic review over the current progress and future prospects of metal halide perovskite materials in representative promising applications, including traditional optoelectronic devices (solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, lasers), and cutting-edge technologies in terms of neuromorphic devices (artificial synapses and memristors) and pressure-induced emission. This review highlights the fundamentals, the current progress and the remaining challenges for each application, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the development status and a navigation of future research for metal halide perovskite materials and devices.
Analysis of rock cuttability based on excavation parameters of TBM
Authors: Tang Yu , Yang Junsheng , Wang Shanyong , Wang Shaofeng
Published: July 2023

Rock cuttability has great influence on the rock excavation efficiency of TBM (tunnel boring machine). In order to evaluate rock cuttability in real time, quickly, accurately and efficiently during TBM excavating, the relevant excavation parameters of Zagros, Kerman and Bazideraz tunnels were first collected. Then, the regression analyses between excavation parameters and rock cuttability were carried out. The two-dimensional regression analyses studied the relationship between operating parameters (thrust F and rotation speed RPM) and the characterization parameters (torque T and penetration rate PR). The three-dimensional regression analyses were utilized to create the PR and specific energy SE models based on operating parameters. The result shows that the established three-dimensional regression models have good prediction performance, and its performance is superior to two-dimensional models. Moreover, the prediction model of uniaxial compressive strength UCS and the classification model of rock cuttability were founded based on SE. The rock cuttability is divided into three levels, namely, easy (level 1), medium (level 2), and poor (level 3), in which the corresponding SE ranges are 0 to 6, 6 to 10 and exceeds 10 kWh·m−3, respectively. Finally, the intelligent algorithms, combined with excavation parameters, were introduced to establish UCS prediction model and rock cuttability classification model, and the good prediction performance was achieved. The above studies can provide necessary references and ideas for real-time, rapid, accurate and effective evaluation of rock cuttability based on TBM excavation parameters, and has certain guiding significance for engineering application.
Die Bedeutung der intrinsischen motivationalen Orientierungen von Grundschullehrkräften für die Planungsqualität im Sachunterricht
Authors: Kantreiter Julia
Published: July 2023

Studien zeigten, dass die Planungsqualität ein wichtiger Prädiktor für die Unterrichtsqualität ist. Planungsqualität im Sachunterricht umfasst fachspezifisch angelegte und überfachlich angelegte Merkmale. Ob Lehrkräfte Merkmale der Unterrichtsqualität umsetzen, hängt davon ab, wie viel Wert sie diesen beimessen. Die Unterrichtsqualität wird positiv durch intrinsische motivationale Orientierungen beeinflusst. Intrinsische motivationale Orientierungen setzen sich aus Enthusiasmus und Interesse von Lehrkräften zusammen und beinhalten eine fachliche und eine unterrichtliche Dimension. Offen ist, ob intrinsische motivationale Orientierungen von Bedeutung dafür sind, wie viel Wert Grundschullehrkräfte unterschiedlichen Planungsqualitätsmerkmalen im Sachunterricht beimessen. Im Fokus stehen mögliche Unterschiede zwischen der fachlichen und der unterrichtlichen Dimension von intrinsischen motivationalen Orientierungen. Dieser Frage wurde anhand des sachunterrichtlichen Themas Pflanzen des Waldes in einer Querschnittsbefragung mit N = 464 Grundschullehrkräften nachgegangen. Aus Strukturgleichungsmodellierungen ging hervor, dass die fachliche und die unterrichtliche Dimension jeweils mit dem beigemessenen Wert unterschiedlicher Planungsqualitätsmerkmale positiv zusammenhängen. Gründe für diese Befunde sowie Implikationen für die Lehrkräftebildung werden diskutiert.
Kinetics and adsorption performance of biosorbent starch/poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide nanocomposite for the removal of dyes
Authors: Priya V. Shanmuga , Basha S. Khaleel , Kumari V. Sugantha
Published: July 2023

The present work reports an efficient removal of a cationic dye, methylene blue (MB), and an anionic dye, methyl orange (MO) dye from an aqueous solution using graphene oxide (GO)–based nanocomposite as an adsorbent. GO was investigated as a potential nano-reinforcing filler in starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) biopolymer matrix. Bio-nanocomposite based on starch/PVA matrix and GO were prepared by an aqueous casting method. The fabricated nanocomposites were characterized using FT-IR, XRD, Raman, TEM, FE-SEM, tensile study, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) method, zeta potential, and swelling study. The effect of the various compositions of GO nanofiller in the starch/PVA matrix was highlighted and the impact of GO nanosheets on the properties of the nanocomposites was revealed. The results demonstrated that the starch/PVA matrix with 3 g of GO was found to be the optimal concentration of GO. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to optimize the operational factors, including adsorbent dosage, pH, and contact time, which were systematically investigated. The kinetics of adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order model, while the Langmuir isotherm model described the equilibrium adsorption capacity. The prepared nanocomposite exhibited a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 382 mg g−1 for MB dye and 293.3 mg g−1 for MO dye. Based on the calculated thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption of MB (∆H° = − 16.37 kJ mol−1, ∆S° = − 37.99 J K−1 mol−1 and ∆G° from − 4.39 to − 5.13 kJ mol−1) and MO (∆H° = − 13.72 kJ mol−1, ∆S° = − 31.78 J K−1 mol−1 and ∆G° from − 3.72 to − 4.39 kJ mol−1) dyes onto the nanocomposite material was feasible, exothermic, and spontaneous. A plausible adsorption mechanism was proposed, involving electrostatic attraction, H-bonding, and π-π interactions, which collectively governed the adsorption process. The nanocomposite showed good stability and reusability up to five cycles for the uptake of MB and MO dyes. These findings confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed approach to produce bionanocomposite with enhanced properties, which may be used in water purification technology.
Noninvasive and affordable type 2 diabetes screening by deep learning-based risk assessment and detection using ophthalmic images inspired by traditional Chinese medicine
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Wang Han , Chen Lei , Cao Chensi , Liu Tengwen , Ren Ruifang , Zhou Ruixing , Huang Rudan , Hu Dan , Zhu Chenxing , Lu Chong , Xu Yunsheng , Fang Zhaohui , Lu Fuer , Pan Huimin , Su Yanjin , Fu Nanlin , Zhan Huixia , Si Qin , Bai Chenze , Le Ge Ri , Cao Hongmei , Dong Wei , Yang Guohui , Wu Lan , Guo Jiao , Cheng Jing
Published: July 2023

The global prevalence of diabetes is steadily increasing, with a high percentage of patients unaware of their disease status. Screening for diabetes is of great significance in preventive medicine and may benefit from deep learning technology. In traditional Chinese medicine, specific features on the ocular surface have been explored as diagnostic indicators for systemic diseases. Here we explore the feasibility of using features from the entire ocular surface to construct deep learning models for risk assessment and detection of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We performed an observational, multicenter study using ophthalmic images of the ocular surface to develop a deep convolutional network, OcularSurfaceNet. The deep learning system was trained and validated with a multicenter dataset of 416580 images from 67151 participants and tested independently using an additional 91422 images from 12544 participants, and can be used to identify individuals at high risk of T2DM with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.89–0.92 and T2DM with AUROC of 0.70–0.82. Our study demonstrated a qualitative relationship between ocular surface images and T2DM risk level, which provided new insights for the potential utility of ocular surface images in T2DM screening. Overall, our findings suggest that the deep learning framework using ocular surface images can serve as an opportunistic screening toolkit for noninvasive and low-cost large-scale screening of the general population in risk assessment and early identification of T2DM patients.
The effectiveness of anti-stigma interventions for reducing mental health stigma in young people: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Song Ning , Hugh-Jones Siobhan , West Robert M. , Pickavance John , Mir Ghazala
Published: July 2023

Experiencing mental health stigma during adolescence can exacerbate mental health conditions, reduce quality of life and inhibit young people’s help-seeking for their mental health needs. For young people, education and contact have most often been viewed as suitable approaches for stigma reduction. However, evidence on the effectiveness of these anti-stigma interventions has not been consistent. This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of interventions to reduce mental health stigma among youth aged 10–19 years. The review followed Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines. Eight databases were searched: PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, British Education Index and CNKI. Hand searching from included studies was also conducted. Randomised controlled trials and experimental designs that included randomised allocation to interventions and control groups were included in the review. Narrative synthesis was employed to analyse the results. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effectiveness of included interventions. Twenty-two studies were included in the review. Eight studies reported positive effects, 11 studies found mixed effects and 3 studies reported no effect on indicators of mental health stigma among youth. Seven of the effective studies were education-based. Eleven studies were suitable for meta-analysis, and the multivariate meta-analytic model indicated a small, significant effect at post-intervention (d = .21, p < .001), but not at follow-up (d = .069, p = .347). Interventions to reduce stigma associated with mental health conditions showed small, short-term effects in young people. Education-based interventions showed relatively more significant effects than other types of interventions.
Epidemiology of patients harboring carbapenemase-producing bacteria and comparison with patients with detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–producing Enterobacterales—A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Vock Isabelle , Aguilar-Bultet Lisandra , Goldenberger Daniel , Ragozzino Silvio , Kuster Sabine , Tschudin-Sutter Sarah
Published: July 2023

Objective:

We evaluated the epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing bacteria (CPB) in Switzerland by comparing risk factors between patients colonized with CPB and patients colonized with extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE).

Methods:

This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the University Hospital Basel in Switzerland. Hospitalized patients with CPB in any sample between January 2008 and July 2019 were included. The ESBL-PE group consisted of hospitalized patients with detection of ESBL-PE from any sample between January 2016 and December 2018. Comparisons of risk factors for acquisition of CPB and ESBL-PE were performed by logistic regression.

Results:

Inclusion criteria were met for 50 patients in the CPB group and 572 in the ESBL-PE group. In the CPB group, 62% had a travel history and 60% had been hospitalized abroad. When comparing the CPB group to the ESBL-PE group, hospitalization abroad (odds ratio [OR], 25.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.07–57.98) and prior antibiotic therapy (OR, 4.76; 95% CI, 2.15–10.55) remained independently associated with CPB colonization. Hospitalization abroad (P < .001) and prior antibiotic therapy (P < .001) predicted CPB in the comparison of CPB with ESBL Escherichia coli, whereas hospitalization abroad was associated with CPB in comparison to ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Conclusions:

Although CPB still seem to be mainly imported from areas of higher endemicity, local acquisition of CPB is emerging, especially in patients with close and/or frequent contact with healthcare services. This trend resembles the epidemiology of ESBL K. pneumoniae, supporting mainly healthcare-associated transmission. Frequent evaluation of CPB epidemiology is required to improve detection of patients at risk of CPB carriage.
Hypolipidaemic effects of papaya (Carica papayaL.) juice on rats fed on a high fat and fructose diet
Authors: Matsuane Christinah , Kiage Beatrice N. , Karanja Josephine , Kavoo Agnes M. , Rimberia Fredah K.
Published: July 2023

Papaya (Carica papayaL.) is a highly nutritious and less-caloric fruit, commonly consumed for its minerals and vitamins and hence may help in controlling obesity and abdominal discomforts. The present study investigated the hypolipidaemic effects of papaya juice extract on male Albino Wistar rats (7 weeks old; 185 ± 17 g) fed on a high fat and fructose diet (HFFD) for 6 weeks. The rats were divided into groups I–IV of five rats each and fed on either a HFFD (i.e. the Control), HFFD + 200 mg papaya, HFFD + 350 mg papaya or a HFFD + 500 mg papaya. On day 34, after an overnight fast, blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture under 99⋅8 % Chloroform anaesthesia for the determination of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and high-density cholesterol (HDL-c). The atherogenic (AI) and coronary risk (CRI) indices were also calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA where means were separated using Tukey's HSD test. Resulted showed that all rats given papaya juice had an increasing, non-significant HDL-c and reduced LDL-c levels while rats fed on HFFD had the highest TC (53⋅2 mg/dl) and TG (37⋅6 mg/dl) levels. Papaya juice statistically reduced the AI and CRI of the rats. In conclusion, consumption of HFFD + 500 mg was the most effective in the reduction of rats’ blood lipids and fats, due to its anti-obesity and hypolipidaemic properties, thus can be used in the management of dyspilidaemic disorders.
TRANSCENDENCE OF GENERALISED EULER–KRONECKER CONSTANTS
Authors: KANDHIL NEELAM , LUNIA RASHI
Published: July 2023

We introduce some generalisations of the Euler–Kronecker constant of a number field and study their arithmetic nature.
Altered topology of individual brain structural covariance networks in major depressive disorder
Authors: Ping Liangliang , Sun Shan , Zhou Cong , Que Jianyu , You Zhiyi , Xu Xiufeng , Cheng Yuqi ,   the DIRECT Consortium
Published: July 2023

Background

The neurobiological pathogenesis of major depression disorder (MDD) remains largely controversial. Previous literatures with limited sample size utilizing group-level structural covariance networks (SCN) commonly generated mixed findings regarding the topology of brain networks.

Methods

We analyzed T1 images from a high-powered multisite sample including 1173 patients with MDD and 1019 healthy controls (HCs). We used regional gray matter volume to construct individual SCN by utilizing a novel approach based on the interregional effect size difference. We further investigated MDD-related structural connectivity alterations using topological metrics.

Results

Compared to HCs, the MDD patients showed a shift toward randomization characterized by increased integration. Further subgroup analysis of patients in different stages revealed this randomization pattern was also observed in patients with recurrent MDD, while the first-episode drug naïve patients exhibited decreased segregation. Altered nodal properties in several brain regions which have a key role in both emotion regulation and executive control were also found in MDD patients compared with HCs. The abnormalities in inferior temporal gyrus were not influenced by any specific site. Moreover, antidepressants increased nodal efficiency in the anterior ventromedial prefrontal cortex.

Conclusions

The MDD patients at different stages exhibit distinct patterns of randomization in their brain networks, with increased integration during illness progression. These findings provide valuable insights into the disruption in structural brain networks that occurs in patients with MDD and might be useful to guide future therapeutic interventions.
Experimental studies of paranoid thinking in clinical and nonclinical populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ellett Lyn , Varese Filippo , Owens Jane , Rafiq Sonya , Penn Georgia , Berry Katherine
Published: July 2023

Paranoia is common in clinical and nonclinical populations, consistent with continuum models of psychosis. A number of experimental studies have been conducted that attempt to induce, manipulate or measure paranoid thinking in both clinical and nonclinical populations, which is important to understand causal mechanisms and advance psychological interventions. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies (non-sleep, non-drug paradigms) on psychometrically assessed paranoia in clinical and nonclinical populations. The review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines. Six databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Medline and AMED) were searched for peer-reviewed experimental studies using within and between-subject designs to investigate paranoia in clinical and nonclinical populations. Effect sizes for each study were calculated using Hedge's g and were integrated using a random effect meta-analysis model. Thirty studies were included in the review (total n = 3898), which used 13 experimental paradigms to induce paranoia; 10 studies set out to explicitly induce paranoia, and 20 studies induced a range of other states. Effect sizes for individual studies ranged from 0.03 to 1.55. Meta-analysis found a significant summary effect of 0.51 [95% confidence interval 0.37–0.66, p < 0.001], indicating a medium effect of experimental paradigms on paranoia. Paranoia can be induced and investigated using a wide range of experimental paradigms, which can inform decision-making about which paradigms to use in future studies, and is consistent with cognitive, continuum and evolutionary models of paranoia.
Neural mechanisms of acceptance-commitment therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a resting-state and task-based fMRI study
Authors: Lee Sang Won , Kim Seungho , Lee Sangyeol , Seo Ho Seok , Cha Hyunsil , Chang Yongmin , Lee Seung Jae
Published: July 2023

Background

There is growing evidence for the use of acceptance-commitment therapy (ACT) for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, few fully implemented ACT have been conducted on the neural mechanisms underlying its effect on OCD. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the neural correlates of ACT in patients with OCD using task-based and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Methods

Patients with OCD were randomly assigned to the ACT (n = 21) or the wait-list control group (n = 21). An 8-week group-format ACT program was provided to the ACT group. All participants underwent an fMRI scan and psychological measurements before and after 8 weeks.

Results

Patients with OCD showed significantly increased activation in the bilateral insula and superior temporal gyri (STG), induced by the thought-action fusion task after ACT intervention. Further psycho-physiological interaction analyses with these regions as seeds revealed that the left insular–left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) connectivity was strengthened in the ACT group after treatment. Increased resting-state functional connectivity was also found in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), precuneus, and lingual gyrus after ACT intervention Most of these regions showed significant correlations with ACT process measures while only the right insula was correlated with the obsessive-compulsive symptom measure.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the therapeutic effect of ACT on OCD may involve the salience and interoception processes (i.e. insula), multisensory integration (i.e. STG), language (i.e. IFG), and self-referential processes (i.e. PCC and precuneus). These areas or their interactions could be important for understanding how ACT works psychologically.
Bayesian optimization for assist-as-needed controller in robot-assisted upper limb training based on energy information
Authors: Zhang Jianxi , Zeng Hong , Li Xiao , Xu Guozheng , Li Yongqiang , Song Aiguo
Published: July 2023

The assist-as-needed (AAN) controller is effective in robot-assisted rehabilitation. However, variations of the engagement of subjects with fixed controller often lead to unsatisfying results. Therefore, adaptive AAN that adjusts control parameters based on individualized engagement is essential to enhance the training effect further. Nevertheless, current approaches mainly focus on the within-trial real-time engagement estimation, and the presence of measurement noise may cause improper evaluation of engagement. In addition, most studies on human-in-loop optimization strategies modulate the controller by greedy strategies, which are prone to fall into local optima. These shortcomings in previous studies could significantly limit the efficacy of AAN. This paper proposes an adaptive AAN to promote engagement by providing subjects with a subject-adaptive assistance level based on trial-wise engagement estimation and performance. Firstly, the engagement is estimated from energy information, which assesses the work done by the subject during a full trial to reduce the influence of measurement outliers. Secondly, the AAN controller is adapted by Bayesian optimization (BO) to maximize the subject’s performance according to historical trial-wise performance. The BO algorithm is good at dealing with noisy signals within limited steps. Experiments with ten healthy subjects resulted in a decrease of 34.59$\%$in their average trajectory error, accompanied by a reduction of 9.71$\%$in their energy consumption, thus verifying the superiority of the proposed method to prior work. These results suggest that the proposed method could potentially improve the effect of upper limb rehabilitation.
Navigation pattern extraction from AIS trajectory big data via topic model
Authors: Fujino Iwao , Claramunt Christophe
Published: July 2023

This paper introduces a novel approach for extracting vessel navigation patterns from very large automatic identification system (AIS) trajectory big data. AIS trajectory data records are first converted to a series of code documents using vector quantisation, such as k-means and PQk-means algorithms, whose performance is evaluated in terms of precision and computational time. Therefore, a topic model is applied to these code documents from which vessels’ navigation patterns are extracted and identified. The potential of the proposed approach is illustrated by several experiments conducted with a practical AIS dataset in a region of North West France. These experimental results show that the proposed approach is highly appropriate for mining AIS trajectory big data and outperforms common DBSCAN algorithms and Gaussian mixture models.
Psychological service provision in Australian Palliative Care Services
Authors: Brook Emma , Chur-Hansen Anna , Chan Lily , Crawford Gregory
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Psychological distress is common among palliative care patients. Despite this, little is known about the availability of psychological services to support palliative care patients within Australia. This study aimed to determine the level of psychological support services available within Australian Palliative Care Services. The study was based on a similar study in Australia by Crawford in 1999, allowing differences over time to be examined.

Methods

A 12-item online survey was distributed to adult Palliative Care Services throughout Australia from November 2021 to January 2022. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of responses was conducted, with comparisons made with the 1999 study using a 2-proportions z-test.

Results

Social workers were the most available professionals delivering psychological care (prevalence of 94.1%), followed by spiritual care workers (62.5%), creative therapists (43.8%), counselors (36.4%), psychiatrists (31.3%), complementary therapists (28.1%), and psychologists (25.0%). Nearly 60% of services had no access to a psychiatrist or a psychologist. The proportion of Palliative Care Services that had access to a psychiatrist, psychologist, or counselor was significantly less in 2021/22 compared to 1999, with differences of 29.4% (p = 0.002), 23.4% (p = 0.015), and 26.1% (p = 0.006), respectively.

Significance of results

Lack of access to psychiatrists, psychologists, and counselors in Australian Palliative Care Services remains a significant issue and has become more prevalent since 1999. Ongoing advocacy and increased government funding to enable psychological health professionals to be readily employed in Palliative Care Services is vital.
A NATURAL DEDUCTION SYSTEM FOR ORTHOMODULAR LOGIC
Authors: KORNELL ANDRE
Published: July 2023

Orthomodular logic is a weakening of quantum logic in the sense of Birkhoff and von Neumann. Orthomodular logic is shown to be a nonlinear noncommutative logic. Sequents are given a physically motivated semantics that is consistent with exactly one semantics for propositional formulas that use negation, conjunction, and implication. In particular, implication must be interpreted as the Sasaki arrow, which satisfies the deduction theorem in this logic. As an application, this deductive system is extended to two systems of predicate logic: the first is sound for Takeuti’s quantum set theory, and the second is sound for a variant of Weaver’s quantum logic.
Freunde wie wir ... das gibt's nur einmal auf der Welt!
Authors: Grolimund Fabian , Rietzler Stefanie , Wilke Marcus
Published: July 2023

„Glaubt ihr, es gibt irgendwo auf der Welt so gute Freunde wie uns?“, fragt die Ente. Hase und Bär sind sich sicher: „Freunde wie uns gibt es nur einmal auf der Welt!“ Freunde begleiten uns durchs Leben, bieten Halt, stoßen Entwicklungen an und bringen unsere schönsten Seiten zum Glänzen. Wie man ein echter Freund sein kann, bringen Hase, Ente und Bär Kindern in liebevollen und eindrücklichen Bildern näher. Ein Bilderbuch für kleine Freundinnen und Freunde ab 3 Jahren - und solche, die es werden wollen. Das Buch eignet sich für kuschliges Vorlesen in der Familie, aber auch für anregende Gespräche in KITA, Kindergarten oder Therapie. Stefanie Rietzler und Fabian Grolimund sind Psychologen und Autoren. Mit ihrer Arbeit möchten sie einen kleinen Beitrag dazu leisten, dass sich Kinder in ihren Beziehungen wohl und sicher fühlen. Mehr zu ihrer Arbeit: www.biber-blog.com Marcus Wilke arbeitet seit 15 Jahren freiberuflich als Illustrator. An seinem Beruf liebt er vor allem die Vielseitigkeit. Seine kreativen Einfälle sucht er am liebsten in der Stille der Natur und im Garten. Weitere Informationen: www.galerie-wilke.de
Diagnosing the Radiation Biases in Global Climate Models Using Radiative Kernels
Authors: Huang Han , Huang Yi
Published: July 2023

Radiation energy balance at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) is a critical boundary condition for the Earth climate. It is essential to validate it in the global climate models (GCM) on both global and regional scales. However, the comparison of overall radiation field is known to conceal compensating errors. Here we use a new set of radiative kernels to diagnose the radiation biases caused by different geophysical variables in the GCMs of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. We find although clouds remain a primary cause of radiation biases, the radiation biases caused by non‐cloud variables are of comparable magnitudes. Many GCMs have a cold air temperature bias and a moist tropospheric humidity bias, which lead to considerable biases in TOA radiation budget but are compensated by cloud biases. These findings signify the importance of validating the GCM simulations in terms of both the overall and component radiation biases.
On the Relation Between Jupiter's Aurora and the Dawnside Current Sheet
Authors: Xu Y. , Yao Z. H. , Zhang B. , Delamere P. A. , Ray L. C. , Dunn W. R. , Badman S. V. , Feng E. H. , Zheng Z. Q. , Bolton S. J. , Grodent D. , Bonfond B. , Wei Y.
Published: July 2023

Jupiter's auroral emission is a spectacular phenomenon that provides insight into energy release processes related to the coupling of its magnetosphere and ionosphere. This energy release is influenced by solar wind conditions. Using joint observations from Juno and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we statistically investigate the relationship between auroral power and current sheet variations under different solar wind conditions. In this study, we reveal that during global main auroral brightening events that are closely connected to solar wind compressions, the dawn side current sheet is substantially thinner than during times when a quiet auroral morphology is present. Furthermore, the total current intensity in the current sheet is found to increase under solar wind compression conditions compared to the quiet period. These findings provide important observational evidence for how magnetospheric dynamics driven by solar wind behavior affect auroral activity, deepening our understanding of the coupling between Jupiter's magnetosphere and ionosphere.
Effects of Dead‐End Fractures on Non‐Fickian Transport in Three‐Dimensional Discrete Fracture Networks
Authors: Yoon Seonkyoo , Hyman Jeffrey D. , Han Weon Shik , Kang Peter K.
Published: July 2023

Understanding mechanistic causes of non‐Fickian transport in fractured media is important for many hydrogeologic processes and subsurface applications. This study elucidates the effects of dead‐end fractures on non‐Fickian transport in three‐dimensional (3D) fracture networks. Although dead‐end fractures have been identified as low‐velocity regions that could delay solute transport, the direct relation between dead‐end fractures and non‐Fickian transport has been elusive. We systematically generate a large number of 3D discrete fracture networks with different fracture length distributions and fracture densities. We then identify dead‐end fractures using a novel graph‐based method. The effect of dead‐end fractures on solute residence time maximizes at the critical fracture density of the percolation threshold, leading to strong late‐time tailing. As fracture density increases beyond the percolation threshold, the network connectivity increases, and dead‐end fractures diminish. Consequently, the increase in network connectivity leads to a reduction in the degree of late‐time tailing. We also show that dead‐end fractures can inform about main transport paths, such as the mean tortuosity of particle trajectories. This study advances our mechanistic understanding of solute transport in 3D fracture networks.
A Surface to Exosphere Non‐Orographic Gravity Wave Parameterization for the Mars Planetary Climate Model
Authors: Liu Jiandong , Millour Ehouarn , Forget François , Gilli Gabriella , Lott François , Bardet Deborah , González Galindo Francisco , Bierjon Antoine , Naar Joseph , Martinez Antoine , Lebonnois Sébastien , Fan Siteng , Pierron Thomas , Vandemeulebrouck Romain
Published: July 2023

In this paper, the non‐orographic gravity waves (GW) parameterization of the Mars Planetary Climate Model (PCM) previously implemented by Gilli et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JE005873) is revisited and extended to the exobase (∼250 km). The simulations performed with the new scheme correct some known biases in the modeled thermal tide amplitudes and polar warming, improving the agreement with Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) observed thermal structures and tides below ∼100 km. Additionally, we find that the simulated densities above 150 km are compatible with NGIMS (Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer) measured abundances. Large drag depositions ranging up to >∼950 m s−1 sol−1 are induced at altitude of 90–170 km due to the wave saturation (breaking) and depletion, leading to winds damped to magnitudes of ∼150–225 and ∼80 m s−1 in the zonal and meridional directions, respectively. Resulting temperature variations are ∼±10–30 K or 5%–10% at most latitudes except in the polar regions (where they can reach ∼±30–60 K). The results indicate that non‐orographic GW play a significant role in the dynamics of the middle‐upper atmosphere of Mars via the induced transfer of momentum and energy from the lower atmosphere.
Multi‐Objective Optimization Models for the Design of Water Distribution Networks by Exploring Scenario‐Based Approaches
Authors: Cunha M. C. , Magini R. , Marques J.
Published: July 2023

Demand in a water distribution network (WDN) is an aleatory variable, owing to the unpredictable behaviors of water users. Therefore, it is one of the main reasons for uncertainty in the design of this infrastructure. The increasing number of water demand data sets offers opportunities to improve the traditional deterministic design approaches of WDNs by combining statistical and optimization methods. Robust optimization (RO) takes demand uncertainty into account by studying solutions that perform well under any possible demand scenario, that is, any possible realizations of this variable in the lifetime of a WDN. The right choice of scenario is therefore essential to ensure the reliability of the designed network. This paper presents a statistical methodology for generating scenarios to be used to solve a robust design optimization problem. It involves three steps: (a) descriptive analytics of historical data to derive the marginal distributions of peak hour demand in each node of the WDN, (b) generation of a very large number of snapshots by stratified sampling from the correlated marginal distributions of nodal peak demand, (c) generation of the peak demand scenarios by reducing the number of snapshots. Two heuristic techniques are proposed to reduce the number of snapshots, and for each of them, two different numbers of scenarios are derived. Two multi‐objective RO models are solved: the first model includes cost minimization and a mean‐variance Generalized Resilience and Failure index maximization objectives, and the second one additionally considers the minimization of the maximum undelivered demand, formalized using a regret function.
Defining the landscape of circular RNAs in neuroblastoma unveils a global suppressive function of MYCN
Authors: Fuchs Steffen , Danßmann Clara , Klironomos Filippos , Winkler Annika , Fallmann Jörg , Kruetzfeldt Louisa-Marie , Szymansky Annabell , Naderi Julian , Bernhart Stephan H. , Grunewald Laura , Helmsauer Konstantin , Rodriguez-Fos Elias , Kirchner Marieluise , Mertins Philipp , Astrahantseff Kathy , Suenkel Christin , Toedling Joern , Meggetto Fabienne , Remke Marc , Stadler Peter F. , Hundsdoerfer Patrick , Deubzer Hedwig E. , Künkele Annette , Lang Peter , Fuchs Jörg , Henssen Anton G. , Eggert Angelika , Rajewsky Nikolaus , Hertwig Falk , Schulte Johannes H.
Published: July 2023

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a regulatory RNA class. While cancer-driving functions have been identified for single circRNAs, how they modulate gene expression in cancer is not well understood. We investigate circRNA expression in the pediatric malignancy, neuroblastoma, through deep whole-transcriptome sequencing in 104 primary neuroblastomas covering all risk groups. We demonstrate that MYCN amplification, which defines a subset of high-risk cases, causes globally suppressed circRNA biogenesis directly dependent on the DHX9 RNA helicase. We detect similar mechanisms in shaping circRNA expression in the pediatric cancer medulloblastoma implying a general MYCN effect. Comparisons to other cancers identify 25 circRNAs that are specifically upregulated in neuroblastoma, including circARID1A. Transcribed from the ARID1A tumor suppressor gene, circARID1A promotes cell growth and survival, mediated by direct interaction with the KHSRP RNA-binding protein. Our study highlights the importance of MYCN regulating circRNAs in cancer and identifies molecular mechanisms, which explain their contribution to neuroblastoma pathogenesis.
Real-time environmental surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 aerosols
Authors: Puthussery Joseph V. , Ghumra Dishit P. , McBrearty Kevin R. , Doherty Brookelyn M. , Sumlin Benjamin J. , Sarabandi Amirhossein , Mandal Anushka Garg , Shetty Nishit J. , Gardiner Woodrow D. , Magrecki Jordan P. , Brody David L. , Esparza Thomas J. , Bricker Traci L. , Boon Adrianus C. M. , Yuede Carla M. , Cirrito John R. , Chakrabarty Rajan K.
Published: July 2023

Real-time surveillance of airborne SARS-CoV-2 virus is a technological gap that has eluded the scientific community since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Offline air sampling techniques for SARS-CoV-2 detection suffer from longer turnaround times and require skilled labor. Here, we present a proof-of-concept pathogen Air Quality (pAQ) monitor for real-time (5 min time resolution) direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 aerosols. The system synergistically integrates a high flow (~1000 lpm) wet cyclone air sampler and a nanobody-based ultrasensitive micro-immunoelectrode biosensor. The wet cyclone showed comparable or better virus sampling performance than commercially available samplers. Laboratory experiments demonstrate a device sensitivity of 77–83% and a limit of detection of 7-35 viral RNA copies/m3 of air. Our pAQ monitor is suited for point-of-need surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variants in indoor environments and can be adapted for multiplexed detection of other respiratory pathogens of interest. Widespread adoption of such technology could assist public health officials with implementing rapid disease control measures.
Combined multidimensional single-cell protein and RNA profiling dissects the cellular and functional heterogeneity of thymic epithelial cells
Authors: Klein Fabian , Veiga-Villauriz Clara , Börsch Anastasiya , Maio Stefano , Palmer Sam , Dhalla Fatima , Handel Adam E. , Zuklys Saulius , Calvo-Asensio Irene , Musette Lucas , Deadman Mary E. , White Andrea J. , Lucas Beth , Anderson Graham , Holländer Georg A.
Published: July 2023

The network of thymic stromal cells provides essential niches with unique molecular cues controlling T cell development and selection. Recent single-cell RNA sequencing studies have uncovered previously unappreciated transcriptional heterogeneity among thymic epithelial cells (TEC). However, there are only very few cell markers that allow a comparable phenotypic identification of TEC. Here, using massively parallel flow cytometry and machine learning, we deconvoluted known TEC phenotypes into novel subpopulations. Using CITEseq, these phenotypes were related to corresponding TEC subtypes defined by the cells’ RNA profiles. This approach allowed the phenotypic identification of perinatal cTEC and their physical localisation within the cortical stromal scaffold. In addition, we demonstrate the dynamic change in the frequency of perinatal cTEC in response to developing thymocytes and reveal their exceptional efficiency in positive selection. Collectively, our study identifies markers that allow for an unprecedented dissection of the thymus stromal complexity, as well as physical isolation of TEC populations and assignment of specific functions to individual TEC subtypes.