bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of evaluation criteria for survival prediction from genomic data
Authors: Bøvelstad Hege M. , Borgan Ørnulf
Published: February 2011

Survival prediction from high‐dimensional genomic data is dependent on a proper regularization method. With an increasing number of such methods proposed in the literature, comparative studies are called for and some have been performed. However, there is currently no consensus on which prediction assessment criterion should be used for time‐to‐event data. Without a firm knowledge about whether the choice of evaluation criterion may affect the conclusions made as to which regularization method performs best, these comparative studies may be of limited value. In this paper, four evaluation criteria are investigated: the log‐rank test for two groups, the area under the time‐dependent ROC curve (AUC), an R2‐measure based on the Cox partial likelihood, and an R2‐measure based on the Brier score. The criteria are compared according to how they rank six widely used regularization methods that are based on the Cox regression model, namely univariate selection, principal components regression (PCR), supervised PCR, partial least squares regression, ridge regression, and the lasso. Based on our application to three microarray gene expression data sets, we find that the results obtained from the widely used log‐rank test deviate from the other three criteria studied. For future studies, where one also might want to include non‐likelihood or non‐model‐based regularization methods, we argue in favor of AUC and the R2‐measure based on the Brier score, as these do not suffer from the arbitrary splitting into two groups nor depend on the Cox partial likelihood.
Quantitative structure–property relationship for surface tension of some common alcohols
Authors: Khajeh Aboozar , Modarress Hamid
Published: February 2011

Several types of descriptors were used to derive quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) for prediction of surface tension of 142 alcohols at 298.15 K. Genetic function approximation (GFA) was employed to select optimal subset of descriptors that have significant contribution to the surface tension of the training set. By using GFA, a statistically significant QSPR model with the squared correlation coefficient values of 0.9784 for training set and 0.9802 for testing set was developed. On the same data set, another QSPR model was developed based on adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) with the squared correlation coefficient values of 0.9882 for training set and 0.985 for testing set. The obtained results in this paper suggest that with the proposed methods, it is possible to obtain a good estimation of surface tension of alcohol compounds. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross fitted partial least squares (CF‐PLS): an alternative algorithm for a more reliable PLS
Authors: Cloarec Olivier
Published: February 2011

This paper presents a modified version of the NIPALS algorithm for PLS regression with one single response variable. This version, denoted a CF‐PLS, provides significant advantages over the standard PLS. First of all, it strongly reduces the over‐fit of the regression. Secondly, R2 for the null hypothesis follows a Beta distribution only function of the number of observations, which allows the use of a probabilistic framework to test the validity of a component. Thirdly, the models generated with CF‐PLS have comparable if not better prediction ability than the models fitted with NIPALS. Finally, the scores and loadings of the CF‐PLS are directly related to the R2, which makes the model and its interpretation more reliable. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasonic characterization of aqueous solutions with varying sugar and ethanol content using multivariate regression methods
Authors: Krause Daniel , Schöck Thomas , Hussein Mohamed Ahmed , Becker Thomas
Published: February 2011

This paper presents a multivariate regression method for simultaneous detection of sugar (sucrose as a sugar equivalent) and ethanol concentrations in aqueous solutions via temperature‐dependent ultrasonic velocity. Thus, several samples of different combined concentration values were exposed to a temperature spectrum ranging from 2 to 30°C to investigate the temperature dependence of ultrasonic velocity. Model calibration was performed in order to predict the concentrations of interest. With results of proceeded experiments, the equations for calculation of unknown concentrations were carried out using polynomial regression revealing two equations with functional dependence of concentrations on each other. Further, side effects or systematic errors are still included in this model. To avoid such problems as well as to increase the accuracy with respect to the absolute errors in determining unknown probes, multivariate regression methods such as partial least squares (PLS) were tested and compared to the results obtained by polynomial regression. The accuracy achieved with chemometric models on average was three times higher. In direct comparison, the values of the error for the prediction of sucrose concentration were on average around 0.4 g/100 g in the regression model with polynomial background (RMPA) and around 0.12 g/100 g in the PLS model, and for ethanol concentration 0.13 and 0.04 g/100 g, respectively. Furthermore, calculations of the concentrations are possible without knowing the concentrations of the other solute. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Single Crystal X‐Ray Structure of BeF2: α‐Quartz.
Authors: Ghalasasi Pallavi , Ghalsasi Prasanna S.
Published: February 2011

Single crystals of BeF2 are prepared for the first time by sublimation of amorphous BeF2 under static reduced pressure (about 10% yield of pure crystals).
ChemInform Abstract: Changes in Electronic Properties of Polymeric One‐Dimensional {[M(CN)2]‐}n (M: Au, Ag) Chains Due to Neighboring Closed‐Shell Zn(II) or Open‐Shell Cu(II) Ions.
Authors: Baril‐Robert Francois , Li Xiaobo , Katz Michael J. , Geisheimer Andrew R. , Leznoff Daniel B. , Patterson Howard
Published: February 2011

[M1(en)2][M2(CN)2]2 complexes (M1: Zn, Cu; M2: Ag, Au) are characterized by reflectance, FT‐IR, and steady‐state photoluminescence spectroscopy, and by DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures, Electronic Structures, and Physical Properties of Tl4MQ4 (M: Zr or Hf; Q: S or Se).
Authors: Sankar Cheriyedath Raj , Bangarigadu‐Sanasy Savitree , Assoud Abdeljalil , Kleinke Holger
Published: February 2011

The title compounds are synthesized in high yields from the elements (glassy carbon crucibles, 1073 K, 100 h) and characterized by single crystal XRD and electrical resistivity measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Dynamics of Ammonium Borohydride.
Authors: Flacau Roxana , Ratcliffe Christopher I. , Desgreniers Serge , Yao Yansun , Klug Dennis D. , Pallister Peter , Moudrakovski Igor L. , Ripmeester John A.
Published: February 2011

The Fm$\bar 3$m crystal structure of NH4BH4 including the H atoms is refined by powder XRD, ab initio dynamics calculations, and solid state 1H and 2H NMR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: ZnWO4:Eu3+ Nanorods: A Potential Tunable White Light‐Emitting Phosphor.
Authors: Chen X. P. , Xiao F. , Ye S. , Huang X. Y. , Dong G. P. , Zhang Q. Y.
Published: February 2011

The title nanorods are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous solutions of Zn(NO3)2, Eu(NO3)3, and Na2WO4 (autoclave, 180 °C, 12 h) and characterized by XRD, TEM, and photoluminescence spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Electrode Material for Symmetrical SOFCs.
Authors: Liu Qiang , Dong Xihui , Xiao Guoliang , Zhao Fei , Chen Fanglin
Published: February 2011

Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6‐δ is synthesized by a microwave‐assisted combustion method from an aqueous solution containing stoichiometric amounts of Sr(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, and (NH4)6Mo7O4 together with poly(vinyl alcohol) and citric acid as fuels (calcination at 1000 °C for 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Observation of the Electrochemical Lithiation of a Single SnO2 Nanowire Electrode.
Authors: Huang Jian Yu , et al. et al.
Published: February 2011

A nanoscale device consisting of a single SnO2 nanowire as an anode, an ionic liquid‐based electrolyte, and a LiCoO2 cathode inside a high‐resolution transmission electron microscope allows the in situ observation of the lithiation of the SnO2 nanowire during electrochemical charging.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of a Hierarchical Porous Flowerlike p—n Junction NiO/TiO2 Photocatalyst.
Authors: Yu Jiaguo , Wang Wenguang , Cheng Bei
Published: February 2011

Flowerlike NiO/TiO2 composite particles are prepared from β‐Ni(OH)2 (obtained from Ni(NO3)2, en, and NaOH in H2O, autoclave, 100 °C, 2.5 h) dispersed in a Ti(OBu)4/EtOH solution followed by evaporation and calcination at 400 °C for 5 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Silyl‐Modified Analogues of 2‐Tritylpyrrolidine: Synthesis and Applications in Asymmetric Organocatalysis.
Authors: Bauer Jonathan O. , Stiller Julian , Marques‐Lopez Eugenia , Strohfeldt Katja , Christmann Mathias , Strohmann Carsten
Published: February 2011

A new chiral silicon‐based pyrrolidine catalyst (S)‐(I) is prepared and its catalytic activity is compared with (S)‐tritylpyrrolidine in two model reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Auto‐Tandem Catalysis: Facile Synthesis of Substituted Alkylidenecyclohexanones by Domino [4 + 2] Cycloaddition—Elimination Reaction.
Authors: Takasu Kiyosei , Tanaka Toru , Azuma Takumi , Takemoto Yoshiji
Published: February 2011

A new catalytic domino reaction affording exo‐cyclohexenones by stepwise [4 + 2] cycloaddition and elimination, both independently catalyzed by Tf2NH, is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Cerium(III)‐Catalyzed Facile Synthesis of Dihydrobenzofuran‐Tethered Pyridines and Dihydroquinolin‐5(6H)‐ones from β‐Enaminones.
Authors: Kantevari Srinivas , Addla Dinesh , Sridhar Balasubramanian
Published: February 2011

The title compounds are prepared employing β‐enaminones (Ia) and (Ib) and acyclic and cyclic 1,3‐dicarbonyls as novel variants of the Bohlmann‐Rahtz substrate, and ammonium acetate.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Dicyanative [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Triggered by Cyanopalladation Using Ene—Enynes and Cyclic Enynes with Methyl Acrylate.
Authors: Arai Shigeru , Koike Yuka , Hada Hirohiko , Nishida Atsushi
Published: February 2011

The title reactions allow easy and stereoselective access to highly substituted isoindole and indan derivatives, tricyclic ring systems of type (VI), and other fused cyclohexenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum(II) Chloride‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Domino Enyne Isomerization/Diels—Alder Reaction.
Authors: Schelwies Mathias , Farwick Andreas , Rominger Frank , Helmchen Guenter
Published: February 2011

It is found that PtCl2 efficiently promotes the domino enyne isomerization/Diels—Alder reaction yielding indan and pyrroloisoindole derivatives with excellent diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and Selective Oxidation of Alcohols Using Oxone® as an Oxidant Catalyzed by Palygorskite in Water.
Authors: Wu Shang , Ma Hengchang , Lei Ziqiang
Published: February 2011

The silicate clay catalyst is found to show great advantage in the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Decarboxylation of 2‐Aryl Carboxylic Acids Using (Diacetoxyiodo)benzene for Preparation of Aryl Aldehydes, Ketones, and Nitriles.
Authors: Telvekar Vikas N. , Sasane Kulbhushan A.
Published: February 2011

A simple protocol using (diacetoxy)iodobenzene and NaN3 as the catalyst allows the decarboxylation of carboxylic acids to give the corresponding aldehydes, ketones and nitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Optically Active Calix[4]arenes with One or Three Substituents on the Methylene Bridges.
Authors: Gopalsamuthiram Vijay , Huang Rui , Wulff William D.
Published: February 2011

A facile protocol for the synthesis of optically active mono‐ and trisubstituted calix[4]arenes is described wherein the chirality at the methylene bridges arises from chiral centers present in the diyne and bis‐carbene complex precursors.
ChemInform Abstract: Aluminum Carbenoids in Allene Cyclopropanation.
Authors: Ramazanov Ilfir R. , Yaroslavova Alsu V. , Dzhemilev Usein M. , Nefedov Oleg M.
Published: February 2011

The carbenoids react with allenes (I) and (IV) to give spiropentane products.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective Synthesis of α‐Fluoroenones from Propargyl Acetates.
Authors: Hopkinson Matthew N. , Giuffredi Guy T. , Gee Antony D. , Gouverneur Veronique
Published: February 2011

The products are formed with moderate to good (E) selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I) Catalyzes the Intermolecular Hydroamination of Alkynes with Imines and Produces α,α′‐N‐Triarylbisenamines: Studies on Their Use as Intermediates in Synthesis.
Authors: Leyva‐Perez Antonio , Cabrero‐Antonino Jose R. , Cantin Angel , Corma Avelino
Published: February 2011

Au(I)‐catalyzed treatment of anilines with terminal alkynes provides a new approach to bisenamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Reaction of Camphor‐Derived exo‐Formyl [2.2.1]Bicyclic Carbinol with Alkyl Primary Amines: Application to the Preparation of New Chiral Catalysts for Asymmetric Reduction of Aryl Ketones.
Authors: Yang Te‐Fang , Shen Chien‐Hung , Hsu Chi‐Tung , Chen Li‐Hsun , Chuang Chih‐Hsiang
Published: February 2011

The derivative OAB is successfully tested as catalyst for the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Asymmetric α‐Amination of Aldehydes with Azodicarboxylates in Ionic Liquids Catalyzed by Imidazolium Ion‐Tagged Proline Organocatalyst.
Authors: Ding Xiong , Jiang Hong‐Lai , Zhu Cheng‐Jian , Cheng Yi‐Xiang
Published: February 2011

Excellent enantioselectivities are obtained with ITP.
ChemInform Abstract: Silylated Pyrrolidines as Catalysts for Asymmetric Michael Additions of Aldehydes to Nitroolefins.
Authors: Husmann Ralph , Joerres Manuel , Raabe Gerhard , Bolm Carsten
Published: February 2011

A convenient synthesis of enantiopure (S)‐2‐(diphenylmethylsilyl)pyrrolidine is described and its organocatalytic activity in asymmetric Michael reactions is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Kind of Organophosphorus Compounds as an Efficient Catalyst for Asymmetric C—C Bond Formation Reactions.
Authors: Xu Da‐Zhen , Liu Yingjun , Li Hui , Wang Yongmei
Published: February 2011

A chiral pyrrolidine‐phosphite organocatalyst is successfully applied in the asymmetric Michael reaction of nitrostyrene derivatives with cyclic ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Mukaiyama Aldol Reactions Catalyzed by a Chiral Oxazaborolidinium Ion: Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Inthomycin C.
Authors: Senapati Bidyut Kumar , Gao Lizhu , Lee Sung Il , Hwang Geum‐Sook , Ryu Do Hyun
Published: February 2011

An efficient and enantioselective Mukaiyama aldol reaction between ketene silyl acetals and a variety of aldehydes is developed using OAB as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Sodium Phosphate Catalyzed Enantioselective 1,4‐Addition of TMSCN to Aromatic Enones.
Authors: Yang Jingya , Wu Shaoxiang , Chen Fu‐Xue
Published: February 2011

The process offers generally moderate ee′s only.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl Iodides with Triarylbismuths as Atom‐Economic Multi‐Coupling Organometallic Nucleophiles under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Rao Maddali L. N. , Banerjee Debasis , Dhanorkar Ritesh J.
Published: February 2011

The optimized conditions allow the preparation of a broad spectrum of mixed biaryls.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium Tetraiodide‐Promoted Tandem Prins Reaction of Alkynes with Acetals: Synthesis of (Z,Z)‐1,5‐Diiodo‐1,3,5‐triarylpenta‐1,4‐dienes.
Authors: Shimizu Makoto , Okura Kanako , Arai Takuya , Hachiya Iwao
Published: February 2011

A stereoselective tandem Prins reaction of acetals (I) with alkynes (II) affords predominantly (Z,Z)‐1,5‐diiodo‐1,3,5‐triarylpenta‐1,4‐dienes (III) in the presence of TiI4.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis and in vitro PDT Effect of Purpurin‐18‐N‐aminoimides.
Authors: Cui Bing Cun , Cha Min Uk , Li Jia Zhu , Park Ho Sung , Yoon Il , Shim Young Key
Published: February 2011

Substrate (I) is obtained from chlorophyll paste by known procedures.
ChemInform Abstract: Remarkable Effect of Metal Fluoride Catalyst on Reaction of Hexafluoropropene, Sulfur and Vinyl Ethers. Convenient Synthesis of 2,2‐Bis(trifluoromethyl)‐4‐R‐thietanes, 3,3‐Bis(trifluoromethyl)‐5‐R‐1,2‐dithiolanes and 2,2‐Bis(Trifluoromethyl)‐4‐R‐1,3‐dithiolanes.
Authors: Petrov Viacheslav A. , Marshall Will
Published: February 2011

The fluorinated S‐heterocyclic title compounds are obtained in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel and Green Method for the Synthesis of Ionic Liquids Using the Corresponding Acidic Ionic Liquid Precursors and Dialkyl Carbonate.
Authors: Xiao Wenjun , Wang Xiaoxing , Chen Qin , Wu Tinghua , Wu Ying , Dai Lizhong , Song Chunshan
Published: February 2011

The yields depend on both the anion and the carbonate reactivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemistry of Products of Aldol Condensation of 2‐(3‐Oxo‐1,3‐diphenylpropyl)cyclohexanone with Aromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Sergeeva S. A. , Vysotskii V. I. , Gerasimenko A. V.
Published: February 2011

The direction of the reaction of diketone (I) with aryl aldehydes depends on the reaction conditions and the structure of aldehydes (II) employed.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Mediated Solvent‐Controlled Selective Electrophilic Cyclization and Oxidative Esterification of o‐Alkynyl Aldehydes: An Easy Access to Pyranoquinolines, Pyranoquinolinones, and Isocumarins.
Authors: Verma Akhilesh K. , Rustagi Vineeta , Aggarwal Trapti , Singh Amit P.
Published: February 2011

I2/K2CO3‐mediated treatment of aldehydes of type (I), (VIII), (XI), and (XIV) with an excess of alcohols provides mild, efficient, and chemoselective approach to o‐alkynyl esters.
ChemInform Abstract: anti‐Selective Vinylogous Aldol Reaction by Silylated Alkyldioxinone Dienolate.
Authors: Yoshinari Tomohiro , Ohmori Ken , Suzuki Keisuke
Published: February 2011

Introduction of a bulky silyl‐substituent at the 5‐position of dioxinone (Ic) allows the preparation of vinylogous aldol products (VI) with high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrazine—trans‐cyclooctene Ligation for the Rapid Construction of 18F Labeled Probes.
Authors: Li Zibo , Cai Hancheng , Hassink Matthew , Blackman Melissa L. , Brown Richard C. D. , Conti Peter S. , Fox Joseph M.
Published: February 2011

A radiolabeling method for bioconjugation based on the Diels‐Alder reaction between 2,6‐diaryl‐tetrazines, such as (III), and a 18F‐labeled trans‐cyclooctene analogue of (II) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Regioselective Synthesis of 4‐Isothiocyanatobutan‐2‐one (III) by a Staudinger Reaction. Preparation of 6‐Unsubstituted 4‐Hydroxyhexahydropyrimidine‐2‐thiones.
Authors: Dem'yachenko E. A. , Fesenko A. A. , Dobretsova E. K. , Fedorova G. A. , Shutalev A. D.
Published: February 2011

A novel direct synthesis of the title isothiocyanate (IV) from readily available β‐azido ketone (II) and its conversion into 4‐hydroxyhexahydropyrimidinethiones are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Heterocyclic System of 4,5,7,8‐Tetrahydroimidazo[1,2‐c][1,3]thiazolo[4,5‐e] [1,3,2]diazaphosphinine Starting from 2‐Aroylamino‐3,3‐dichloroacrylonitrile.
Authors: Kozachenko Alexander P. , Shablykin Oleg V. , Gakh Andrei A. , Rusanov Eduard B. , Brovarets Vladimir S.
Published: February 2011

A synthetic pathway to novel title compounds (V) is elaborated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Spectral Characterization of N‐[2‐(4‐Halophenoxy)‐3‐ (3‐chlorophenyl) ‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,3,2‐λ5‐benzoxazaphosphinin‐2‐yliden] ‐N‐Substituted Amines by the Staudinger Reaction.
Authors: Venkateswarlu C. , Satyanarayana P. V. V. , Rao C. V. Nageswara , Naidu K. Reddy Mohan , Raju C. Naga
Published: February 2011

The reduced Schiff base (I) is coupled with phosphorus dichlorides, followed by Staudinger reaction with various azides.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient General Synthesis of Alkylammonium Diselenophosphinates via Multicomponent One‐Pot Reaction of Secondary Phosphines with Elemental Selenium and Amines.
Authors: Artem'ev Alexander V. , Gusarova Nina K. , Malysheva Svetlana F. , Kraikivskii Peter B. , Belogorlova Nataliya A. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: February 2011

The three‐component reaction between phosphines, selenium, and amines proceeds under mild conditions to afford diselenophosphinates in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Meroterpenoid from the Marine Fungus Aspergillus versicolor (Vuill.) Tirab.
Authors: Yurchenko A. N. , Smetanina O. F. , Kalinovsky A. I. , Pivkin M. V. , Dmitrenok P. S. , Kuznetsova T. A.
Published: February 2011

Asperdemin(I) exhibits weak cytostatic and membranolytic activities in developing embryos of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Non‐Natural Cyclic Amino Acids from Available Unsaturated Tertiary Amines.
Authors: Titanyuk I. D. , Beletskaya I. P.
Published: February 2011

A new approach to 6‐ and 7‐membered cyclic amino acids both in racemic and enantiomerically pure form, is developed using a sequence of [2,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement—metathesis and hydrogenation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Properties and Solidification of Metallic Melts under Microgravity
Authors: Egry Ivan , Herlach Dieter , Ratke Lorenz
Published: February 2011

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Promising Aspects of Processing Nanomaterials under Mechanical Stressing for Physicochemical Viewpoints
Authors: Senna Mamoru
Published: February 2011

Review: 24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanocatalysts: a New “Dimension” for Nanoparticles?
Authors: Ciambelli Paolo , Sannino Diana , Sarno Maria
Published: February 2011

Review: 126 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selenium‐Containing Bicyclic β‐Lactams
Authors: Garud Dinesh R. , Ninomiya Masayuki , Koketsu Mamoru
Published: February 2011

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polyfluoroalkyl Chlorosulfites and New Polyfluoroalkylation Reactions with Their Participation
Authors: Rakhimov A. I.
Published: February 2011

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Overview of the Mechanistic Work on the Concerted Metallation—Deprotonation Pathway
Authors: Lapointe David , Fagnou Keith
Published: February 2011

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxadiazole: A Biologically Important Heterocycle
Authors: Somani Rakesh R. , Shirodkar Prabhakar Y.
Published: February 2011

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Obtaining Resveratrol: From Chemical Synthesis to Biotechnological Production
Authors: Fan Enguo , Zhang Kai , Zhu Mingzhao , Wang Qiang
Published: February 2011

Review: 148 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Lessons from Total Synthesis of Hybrid Natural Products
Authors: Suzuki Keisuke
Published: February 2011

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Anticancer β‐Lactams
Authors: Banik Bimal K. , Banik Indrani , Becker Frederick F.
Published: February 2011

Review: 158 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Stability of Carbon‐Centered Radicals
Authors: Coote Michelle L. , Lin Ching Yeh , Zipse Hendrik
Published: February 2011

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carboxymethyl Glycoside Lactone (CMGL) Synthons: Scope of the Method and Preliminary Results on Step Growth Polymerization of α‐Azide‐ω‐alkyne Glycomonomers
Authors: Chen Jie , Miao Yong , Chambert Stephane , Bernard Julien , Fleury Etienne , Queneau Yves
Published: February 2011

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Lignocellulosic Biomass Pretreatment Using AFEX
Authors: Balan Vankatesh , Bals Bryan , Chundawat Shishir P. S. , Marshall Derek , Dale Bruce E.
Published: February 2011

Review: 11 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Dimensional Structure of Membrane Protein Stomatin and Function of Stomatin‐Specific Protease
Authors: Yokoyama Hideshi
Published: February 2011

Review: 18 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Selective Determination Methods for Quinones with Fluorescence and Chemiluminescence Detection and Their Application to Environmental and Biological Samples
Authors: Kishikawa Naoya
Published: February 2011

Review: 17 refs.
A miniature Couette to generate shear for flow cytometry: Studying real‐time modulation of intracellular calcium in monocytic cells
Authors: Zwartz Gordon J. , Chigaev Alexandre , Foutz Terry D. , Edwards Bruce , Sklar Larry A.
Published: February 2011

Extracellular hydrodynamic forces may be transmitted to the interior of cells through the alteration of integrin conformation and affinity. Integrin activation regulates leukocyte recruitment, cell activation, and transmigration. The cellular and molecular mechanisms for integrin activation are not precisely known, although intracellular calcium signaling is involved. Flow cytometry offers a versatile way to study intracellular calcium signaling in real‐time. We report a novel method to generate defined shear by using a miniature Couette. Testing involved measuring shear‐induced intracellular calcium signals of human monoblastoid U937 cells in suspension. The Couette was connected externally to a flow cytometer and pressurized at 6 PSI (4.1 N/m2). Cells were subjected to a well‐defined shear between 0 and 1,000 s−1 and delivered continuously within 10 s to a FACScan at 1 μl/s. Intracellular calcium levels and the percentage of cells activated increased as shear increased in duration and intensity. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Purging disorder: Psychopathology and treatment outcomes
Authors: Tasca Giorgio A. , Maxwell Hilary , Bone Meagan , Trinneer Anne , Balfour Louise , Bissada Hany
Published: February 2011

Objective:

To characterize a tertiary care treatment‐seeking sample and assess post‐treatment remission and completion rates for purging disorder (PD).

Method:

Consecutively admitted women with PD (n = 122), anorexia nervosa (AN) restricting subtype (AN‐R; n = 146), AN binge‐purge subtype (AN‐B; n = 154), and bulimia nervosa‐purging subtype (BN‐P; n = 415) were compared on general and eating disorder specific psychopathology. A subsample (n = 256) attended a day treatment program and were assessed for post‐treatment remission and completion rates.

Results:

PD occurred in 17.3% of eating disorders not otherwise specified and 6.7% of total eating disorder referrals. PD patients were similar to AN‐B and BN‐P, but had higher levels than AN‐R, on general and eating disorder psychopathology. PD individuals did not have different post‐treatment remission or completion rates compared to other eating disorders.

Discussion:

The results add to a growing literature on the utility of PD as a diagnosis. © 2011 by Wiley Periodicals,Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
An fMRI investigation of emotional processing of body shape in bulimia nervosa
Authors: Spangler Diane L. , Allen Mark D.
Published: February 2011

Objective:

Cognitive‐behavioral theories of eating disorder etiology emphasize the role of body‐oriented self‐schemas. Examination of brain regions associated with self‐referencing, such as medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), during processing of body‐related stimuli can thus be utilized to evaluate such theories.

Method:

Twelve women with bulima nervosa (BN) and 12 comparison women underwent functional brain imaging while viewing images of women with either thin or overweight bodies in a self‐referencing context.

Results:

For thin bodies, there was no significant mPFC activation for either group. For overweight bodies, mPFC activation was significantly greater for BN patients, with a focus in subregions associated with emotional processing.

Discussion:

These findings are consistent with cognitive models of eating disorders which posit that negative body‐related stimuli are more central to self‐schemas and more emotionally provocative in persons with eating disorders, lending support to treatment and prevention interventions that emphasize body overvaluation as a primary target of change. © 2011 by Wiley Periodicals,Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
Self‐Assembly of Hexanuclear Clusters of 4f and 5f Elements with Cation Specificity
Authors: Diwu Juan , Good Justin J. , DiStefano Victoria H. , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E.
Published: February 2011

Six hexanuclear clusters of 4f and 5f elements were synthesized by room‐temperature slow concentration experiments. Cerium(IV), thorium(IV), and plutonium(IV) each form two different hexanuclear clusters, among which the cerium and plutonium clusters are isotypic, whereas the thorium clusters show more diversity. The change in ionic radii of approximately 0.08 Å between these different metal ions tunes the cavity size so that NH4+ (1.48 Å) has the right dimensions to assemble the cerium and plutonium clusters, whereas Cs+ (1.69 Å) is necessary to assemble the thorium clusters. If these cations are not used in the reactions, only amorphous material is obtained.
An Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Thiols with Aryl Iodides
Authors: Kao Hsin‐Lun , Chen Chin‐Keng , Wang Yu‐Jen , Lee Chin‐Fa
Published: February 2011

Commercially available Cu2O powder is a very reactive catalyst for the coupling of thiols to aryl iodides. A variety of functional groups including esters, unprotected amines, alcohols, and heterocycles tolerate the reaction conditions. Moreover, di‐ortho‐substituted aryl iodides with sterically demanding substrates were also coupled to give the desired aryl thioethers in good to excellent yields.
Caregiver support groups in patients with dementia: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Chien Ling‐Yu , Chu Hsin , Guo Jong‐Long , Liao Yuan‐Mei , Chang Lu‐I , Chen Chiung‐Hua , Chou Kuei‐Ru
Published: February 2011

Objectives

Meta‐analysis studies of specific types of support groups are limited. We conducted a review and assessment of the effectiveness of support groups for caregivers of demented patients, and examined the impact of support group characteristics.

Methods

A search of multiple, electronic databases including the Cochrane Library, Medline, PUBMED, and others was conducted; studies published between 1998 and 2009 were collected. Thirty quantitative journal articles that were true and quasi‐experimental controlled trials on support groups for non‐professional caregivers, including mutual support, psychoeducational, and educational groups were analyzed. Outcome indicators were psychological well‐being, depression, burden, and social outcomes.

Results

Support groups showed a significant positive effect on caregivers' psychological well‐being (Hedge's g = −0.44, 95% CI = −0.73, −0.15), depression (Hedge's g = −0.40, 95% CI = −0.72, −0.08), burden (Hedge's g = −0.23, 95% CI = −0.33, −0.13), and social outcomes (Hedge's g = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.09, 0.71). The use of theoretical models, and length and intensity of group sessions had a significant impact on the effect sizes for psychological well‐being and depression. Ratio of female participation (for psychological well‐being and depression) and average age (social outcomes) were significant predictor variables.

Conclusions

Support groups benefit caregivers and findings of this meta‐analysis serve as immediate guidance for group facilitators. Future research should include additional outcome variables with our defined factors on effectiveness collected as demographic characteristic data for comparison. A more comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness of support groups is indicated to enhance outcomes for caregivers and patients. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antipsychotic medication is associated with selective alterations in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid Aβ 40 and tau in patients with intractable unipolar depression
Authors: Clarke Nicholas A. , Hartmann Tobias , Jones Emma L. , Ballard Clive G. , Francis Paul T.
Published: February 2011

Objective

Alterations in plasma and in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid amyloid‐B peptide (Aβ) levels have been reported in Alzheimer's disease. Studies have also suggested similar changes in depressed patients. No information is available on the impact of psychotropic drugs on this in patients with depression. We therefore quantified Aβ in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a population of patients with treatment‐resistant depression, with and without antipsychotic medication.

Method

A cross‐sectional study of 32 patients undergoing subcaudate tractotomy for major (unipolar) depressive disorder. Ventricular CSF concentrations of Aβ peptide 1–40 and 1–42, also p‐tau and total tau were determined by Western blotting or enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Patients taking antipsychotic medication in the 2 weeks prior to surgery demonstrated significantly higher levels of Aβ 1–40 (mean ± SD: 727.3 ± 382.3 vs. 440.9 ± 337.2 pg/ml; p = 0.032, Student's t‐test) but unaltered Aβ 1–42 (mean 72.1 ± 67.5 vs. 60.0 ± 56.7 pg/ml; p = 0.587) compared to a matched sample not treated with antipsychotic drugs. The same group demonstrated elevated total tau (mean 945.0 ± 422.2 vs. 534.3 ± 388.3 pg/ml; p = 0.010) but not p‐tau (mean 98.6 ± 71.5 vs. 88.1 ± 70.5 pg/ml; p = 0.694). No similar effect was found with lithium, antidepressants, carbamazepine or benzodiazepines.

Conclusions

This preliminary study suggests antipsychotic drugs, widely used in patients with severe depression across all age ranges, may be associated with alteration of Aβ 1–40 and total tau, indices strongly linked with progressive organic brain disease. Further confirmatory work is needed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The association between intensive care unit admission and subsequent depression in patients with diabetes
Authors: Davydow Dimitry S. , Hough Catherine L. , Russo Joan E. , Von Korff Michael , Ludman Evette , Lin Elizabeth H. B. , Ciechanowski Paul , Young Bessie , Oliver Malia , Katon Wayne J.
Published: February 2011

Objective

To examine whether intensive care unit (ICU) admission is independently associated with increased risk of major depression in patients with diabetes.

Methods

This prospective cohort study included 3596 patients with diabetes enrolled in the Pathways Epidemiologic Follow‐Up Study, of whom 193 had at least one ICU admission over a 3‐year period. We controlled for baseline depressive symptoms, demographics, and clinical characteristics. We examined associations between ICU admission and subsequent major depression using logistic regression.

Results

There were 2624 eligible patients who survived to complete follow‐up; 98 had at least one ICU admission. Follow‐up assessments occurred at a mean of 16.4 months post‐ICU for those who had an ICU admission. At baseline, patients who had an ICU admission tended to be depressed, older, had greater medical comorbidity, and had more diabetic complications. At follow‐up, the point prevalence of probable major depression among patients who had an ICU admission was 14% versus 6% among patients without an ICU admission. After multivariate adjustment, ICU admission was independently associated with subsequent probable major depression (Odds Ratio 2.07, 95% confidence interval (1.06–4.06)). Additionally, baseline probable major depression was significantly associated with post‐ICU probable major depression.

Conclusions

ICU admission in patients with diabetes is independently associated with subsequent probable major depression. Additional research is needed to identify at‐risk patients and potentially modifiable ICU exposures in order to inform future interventional studies with the goal of decreasing the burden of comorbid depression in older patients with diabetes who survive critical illnesses. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adipokines and the risk of fracture in older adults
Authors: Barbour Kamil E , Zmuda Joseph M , Boudreau Robert , Strotmeyer Elsa S , Horwitz Mara J , Evans Rhobert W , Kanaya Alka M , Harris Tamara B , Bauer Douglas C , Cauley Jane A
Published: February 2011

Adiponectin and leptin are adipokines that influence bone metabolism in vitro and in animal models. However, less is known about the longitudinal association of leptin and adiponectin with fracture. We tested the hypothesis that low leptin and high adiponectin levels are each individually associated with fracture risk in a prospective cohort study in Memphis and Pittsburgh among 3075 women and men aged 70 to 79 years from the Health Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) study. There were 406 incident fractures (334 nonvertebral and 72 vertebral) over a mean of 6.5 ± 1.9 years. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratios for fracture. Sex modified the association between adiponectin and fracture (p = .025 for interaction). Men with the highest adiponectin level (tertile 3) had a 94% higher risk of fracture [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.94; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20–3.16] compared with the lowest tertile (tertile 1; p = .007 for trend) after adjusting age, race, body mass index (BMI), education, diabetes, weight change, and hip bone mineral density (BMD). Among women, after adjusting for age and race, this association was no longer significant (p = .369 for trend). Leptin did not predict fracture risk in women (p = .544 for trend) or men (p = .118 for trend) in the multivariate models. Our results suggest that adiponectin, but not leptin, may be a novel risk factor for increased fracture risk independent of body composition and BMD and that these relationships may be influenced by sex. More research is needed to understand the physiologic basis underlying these sex differences. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Survivin (BIRC5) cell cycle computational network in human no‐tumor hepatitis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma transformation
Authors: Wang Lin , Huang Juxiang , Jiang Minghu , Sun Lingjun
Published: February 2011

Survivin (BIRC5) relationship with tumor is presented in several papers. However, how the molecular network and interpretation concerning BIRC5 cell cycle between no‐tumor hepatitis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains to be elucidated. Here, we constructed and analyzed significant higher expression gene BIRC5 activated and inhibited cell cycle network from HCC versus no‐tumor hepatitis/cirrhosis pateints (viral infection HCV or HBV) in GEO Dataset by combination of gene regulatory network inference method based on linear programming and decomposition procedure with the CapitalBio MAS 3.0 software based on the integration of public databases including Gene Ontology, KEGG, BioCarta, GenMapp, Intact, UniGene, OMIM, etc. Compared the same and different activated and inhibited BIRC5 network with GO analysis between no‐tumor hepatitis/cirrhosis and HCC, our result showed BIRC5 cell cycle network weaker transcription factor activity in both no‐tumor hepatitis/cirrhosis and HCC (1); stronger nucleus protein binding but weaker cytoplasm protein binding in no‐tumor hepatitis/cirrhosis (2); stronger cytoplasm protein phosphatase binding but weaker ubiquitin‐protein ligase activity in HCC (3). Therefore, we inferred BIRC5 cell cycle module less transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in both no‐tumor hepatitis/cirrhosis and HCC (4). We deduced BIRC5 cell cycle module different from more mitosis but less complex‐dependent proteasomal ubiquitin‐dependent protein catabolism as a result increasing cell division and cell numbers in no‐tumor hepatitis/cirrhosis to more protein amino acid autophosphorylation but less negative regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle as a result increasing growth and cell volume in HCC (5). J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1286–1294, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stromal cell‐derived factor‐1/CXCR4 promotes IL‐6 production in human synovial fibroblasts
Authors: Chen Hsien‐Te , Tsou Hsi‐Kai , Hsu Chin‐Jung , Tsai Chun‐Hao , Kao Cheng‐Hsing , Fong Yi‐Chin , Tang Chih‐Hsin
Published: February 2011

The production of chemokine stromal cell‐derived factor (SDF)‐1 is significantly higher in synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis (OA). IL‐6 is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a central role in both OA and rheumatoid arthritis. However, the effects of SDF‐1α on human synovial fibroblasts are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the intracellular signaling pathway involved in SDF‐1α‐induced IL‐6 production in human synovial fibroblast cells. SDF‐1α caused concentration‐ and time‐dependent increases in IL‐6 production. SDF‐1α also increased the mRNA and surface expression of CXCR4 receptor in human synovial fibroblasts. CXCR4‐neutralizing antibody, CXCR4‐specific inhibitor (AMD3100), or small interfering RNA against CXCR4 inhibited the SDF‐1α‐induced increase of IL‐6 expression. The transcriptional regulation of IL‐6 by SDF‐1α was mediated by phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt and activation of the activator protein (AP)‐1 component of c‐Jun. The binding of c‐Jun to the AP‐1 element on the IL‐6 promoter and the increase in AP‐1 luciferase activity was enhanced by SDF‐1α. Co‐transfection with CXCR4, PI3K, Akt, and c‐Jun mutants or siRNA inhibited the potentiating action of SDF‐1α on AP‐1 promoter activity. Taken together, our results suggest that SDF‐1α‐increased IL‐6 production in human synovial fibroblasts via the CXCR4 receptor, PI3K, Akt, c‐Jun, and AP‐1 signaling pathways. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1219–1227, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of phenytoin and Echinacea purpurea extract on proliferation and apoptosis of mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells
Authors: Hu Xiao , Chen Zhenguo , Mao Xiaoyan , Tang Shijie
Published: February 2011

Cleft palate is one of the most common birth defects. Several environment factors are involved in the disorder, such as smoking, vitamin deficiency and teratogens. We investigated the teratogenic agent phenytoin and extract of the immunostimulant Echinacea purpurea in the etiology of cleft palate associated with the proliferation and apoptosis of mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal (MEPM) cells. We measured the effects of phenytoin, E. purpurea extract, and the mixture of phenytoin and E. purpurea extract on the cell viability of MEPM cells by CCK‐8 assay and on the proliferation and apoptosis of MEPM cells by BrdU labeling assay, flow cytometry, and TUNEL assay. Exposure to phenytoin for 24 h inhibited cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis of MEPM cells, and E. purpurea extract had the reverse effect. Importantly, treatment with the mixture of phenytoin and E. purpurea extract increased the proliferation and decreased the apoptosis of MEPM cells as compared with treatment with phenytoin alone. The teratogenic effect of phenytoin on cleft palate is associated with the proliferation and apoptosis of MEPM cells, and E. purpurea extract may have a protective effect. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1311–1317, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of AMP‐activated protein kinase by LKB1 and CaMKK in adipocytes
Authors: Gormand Amélie , Henriksson Emma , Ström Kristoffer , Jensen Thomas Elbenhardt , Sakamoto Kei , Göransson Olga
Published: February 2011

AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates cellular and whole body energy homeostasis. In adipose tissue, activation of AMPK has been demonstrated in response to a variety of extracellular stimuli. However, the upstream kinase that activates AMPK in adipocytes remains elusive. Previous studies have identified LKB1 as a major AMPK kinase in muscle, liver, and other tissues. In certain cell types, Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) has been shown to activate AMPK in response to increases of intracellular Ca2+ levels. Our aim was to investigate if LKB1 and/or CaMKK function as AMPK kinases in adipocytes. We used adipose tissue and isolated adipocytes from mice in which the expression of LKB1 was reduced to 10–20% of that of wild‐type (LKB1 hypomorphic mice). We show that adipocytes from LKB1 hypomorphic mice display a 40% decrease in basal AMPK activity and a decrease of AMPK activity in the presence of the AMPK activator phenformin. We also demonstrate that stimulation of 3T3L1 adipocytes with intracellular [Ca2+]‐raising agents results in an activation of the AMPK pathway. The inhibition of CaMKK isoforms, particularly CaMKKβ, by the inhibitor STO‐609 or by siRNAs, blocked Ca2+‐, but not phenformin‐, AICAR‐, or forskolin‐induced activation of AMPK, indicating that CaMKK activated AMPK in response to Ca2+. Collectively, we show that LKB1 is required to maintain normal AMPK‐signaling in non‐stimulated adipocytes and in the presence of phenformin. In addition, we demonstrate the existence of a Ca2+/CaMKK signaling pathway that can also regulate the activity of AMPK in adipocytes. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1364–1375, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Afforestation of agricultural land with Pinus radiata D. don and Betula alba L. in NW Spain: Effects on soil PH, understorey production and floristic diversity eleven years after establishment
Authors: Rigueiro‐Rodríguez A. , Mosquera‐Losada M. R. , Fernández‐Núñez E.
Published: February 2011

Afforestation of abandoned agricultural lands has been the main change in land use over the past decade in Europe. However, the impact of tree species and understorey management on production and plant diversity over the medium‐ and long‐term has not been thoroughly studied. This paper aims to evaluate the effects of an afforestation of Pinus radiata D. Don and Betula alba L. on soil pH, understorey production and plant diversity and life cycle type (annuals vs. perennials) managed with different soil fertilisation treatments over a period of 11 years. The results show an acidification of the soil 11 years after establishment, better vertical growth and diameter of pine compared with birch as usually happens in the region and important variation in the biomass production and composition of the understorey below both tree species. Understorey species remained similar during the first 5 years below both canopies. However, species richness (S) was drastically reduced under Pinus radiata D. Don plantation compared to Betula alba L. (Spine = 2 vs. Sbirch = 17) after 11 years of tree establishment at a very high density (2500 trees ha−1). Inorganic and organic fertilisation also caused a reduction in floristic diversity. Soil pH, pasture production and floristic understorey plant diversity are better preserved under autochthonous broadleaves, which increased the multiple uses of recently afforested lands in the short‐ and medium‐term. In the European context of high need for sawn wood, the use of autochthonous broadleaved tree species like Betula should be promoted due to their better sustainability. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and pH/Temperature‐Responsive Behavior of PLLA‐b‐PDMAEMA Block Polyelectrolytes Prepared via ROP and ATRP
Authors: Mao Jun , Ji Xiangling , Bo Shuqin
Published: February 2011

Well‐defined diblock poly(L‐lactide)‐block‐poly(dimethylamino‐2‐ethyl methacrylate) (PLLA‐b‐PDMAEMA) copolymers were synthesized by combining ROP of LLA and ATRP of DMAEMA, from a dual‐initiator 2‐hydroxylethyl 2‐bromoisobutyrate. The molecular characterization of these diblock copolymers was performed using 1H NMR, FT‐IR, and GPC‐MALLS analysis. The responsive behavior of these diblock copolymers in aqueous solutions at different pH and temperatures were investigated using DLS. Results show that both higher pH and temperature result in a higher degree of neutralization, weaker hydrogen bonding, and micellar aggregation. As observed by TEM, changes in micellar morphology are in accordance with DLS results.

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Fluorine Interactions in a Post‐Metallocene Titanium Catalyst: An ab initio Study
Authors: Villani Vincenzo , Giammarino Gaetano
Published: February 2011

The stability of weak fluorine bonds in homogeneous catalyst is studied at the ab initio level for an arylpyridine post‐metallocene complex. The Ti···F···Hβ interaction scheme, involving the agostic bond with titanium and the H‐bond with an Hβ in the growing chain, is found to be the the most stable one. A possible optimal overlap involving the fluorine lone pairs is proposed. This three‐center interaction could play a role in the inhibition of Hβ transfer to the metal or to the monomer in the termination reactions.

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