bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Developmental Mismatch in Structural Brain Maturation during Adolescence
Authors: Mills Kathryn L. , Goddings Anne-Lise , Clasen Liv S. , Giedd Jay N. , Blakemore Sarah-Jayne
Published: June 2014

Regions of the human brain develop at different rates across the first two decades of life, with some maturing before others. It has been hypothesized that a mismatch in the timing of maturation between subcortical regions (involved in affect and reward processing) and prefrontal regions (involved in cognitive control) underlies the increase in risk-taking and sensation-seeking behaviors observed during adolescence. Most support for this ‘dual systems' hypothesis relies on cross-sectional data, and it is not known whether this pattern is present at an individual level. The current study utilizes longitudinal structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to describe the developmental trajectories of regions associated with risk-taking and sensation-seeking behaviors, namely, the amygdala, nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Structural trajectories of gray matter volumes were analyzed using FreeSurfer in 33 participants aged 7-30 years, each of whom had at least three high-quality MRI scans spanning three developmental periods: late childhood, adolescence and early adulthood (total 152 scans). The majority of individuals in our sample showed relatively earlier maturation in the amygdala and/or NAcc compared to the PFC, providing evidence for a mismatch in the timing of structural maturation between these structures. We then related individual developmental trajectories to retrospectively assessed self-reported risk-taking and sensation-seeking behaviors during adolescence in a subsample of 24 participants. Analysis of this smaller sample failed to find a relationship between the presence of a mismatch in brain maturation and risk-taking and sensation-seeking behaviors during adolescence. Taken together, it appears that the developmental mismatch in structural brain maturation is present in neurotypically developing individuals. This pattern of development did not directly relate to self-reported behaviors at an individual level in our sample, highlighting the need for prospective studies combining anatomical and behavioral measures.
Predictors and Outcomes Associated with Rescue Therapy in SWIFT
Authors: Lazzaro Marc A. , Zaidat Osama O. , Saver Jeffrey L. ,   for the SWIFT investigators
Published: June 2014

Introduction: In the Solitaire With the Intention For Thrombectomy (SWIFT) trial, rescue therapy was used when the Solitaire or Merci device was unable to restore vessel patency. Markers for nonrecanalization in acute stroke have been reported for intravenous tissue plasminogen activator; however, similar predictors are not known for endovascular therapy. We sought to identify predictors and outcomes associated with rescue therapy in the SWIFT trial. Methods: Rescue therapy included the use of an alternative device, agent, or maneuver following failure to recanalize with three retrieval attempts using the initial device. Clinical, angiographic, and demographic data was reviewed. Results: Among a total of 144 patients enrolled, 43 (29.9%) required rescue therapy. We used the same baseline demographics for patients with and without rescue therapy. Rescue therapy was used in a higher percentage of patients randomized to the Merci group compared with the Solitaire group (43 vs. 21%, p = 0.009). Patients with rescue therapy experienced a longer recanalization time (p < 0.001), a lower percentage of successful recanalization (p < 0.001), and a lower percentage of good outcome (p = 0.009). In multivariate analysis, patients randomized to the Merci group (OR 3.99, 95% CI 1.58, 10.10) and age >80 years (OR 3.51, 95% CI 1.06, 11.64) were predictors of rescue therapy. Conclusions: Merci treatment group and age were predictors of rescue therapy, while a trend toward an increased need of rescue therapy was observed with hypertension and proximal clot location. Rescue therapy was associated with fewer good outcomes. These findings may reflect targets for improvement in endovascular therapy.
Feasibility and Practical Considerations for Heating and Humidifying Gases during Newborn Stabilisation: An in vitro Model
Authors: Owen Louise S. , Dawson Jennifer A. , Middleburgh Robin , Buttner Stephanie , McGrory Lorraine , Davis Peter G.
Published: June 2014

Background: Gases for respiratory support at birth are typically ‘cold and dry', which may increase the risk of hypothermia and lung injury. Objectives: To determine the feasibility of using heated humidification from birth. Method: A humidifier targeting 37°C, a manual-fill chamber and a Neopuff Infant T-piece resuscitator and circuit were attached to a face mask and a manikin. Recordings using 20 ml H2O for humidification and a flow of 10 l/min were undertaken. Temperature and relative humidity (RH) were recorded. Additional recordings were made, each with one alteration to baseline (50 ml H2O for humidification, auto-fill chamber, a flow of 8 l/min, addition of circuit extension piece, warmed humidification H2O, increased ambient temperature and targeting 31°C). The duration of heated humidification and the response to disconnecting the power were investigated. Results: The baseline circuit achieved 95% RH and 31°C in 3 min, >99% RH in 7 min and ≥35°C in 9 min. No circuit alterations resulted in faster gas conditioning. The extended length circuit and targeting 31°C reduced the maximum temperature achieved. A flow of 8 l/min resulted in slower heating and humidification. The baseline circuit delivered heated humidification for 39 min. Without power, the temperature and humidity fell below international standards in 3 min. Conclusion: Rapid gas conditioning for newborn stabilisation is feasible using the experimental set-up, ≥20 ml H2O and a flow of 10 l/min. The circuit could be used immediately once switched on. Without power, conditioning is quickly lost. Investigation of the clinical effects of gas conditioning is warranted.
Spinal Elastofibroma: A Case Report
Authors: Miranda Zambrano A. David , Rivero-Garvía Mónica , Galbarriatu Lara , Ruíz-Martín Laura , Márquez-Rivas Javier
Published: June 2014

Elastofibroma is a benign fibroproliferative tumor of unknown origin and pathogenesis. It usually appears in the subscapular or infrascapular area. It is extremely rare in the spinal area, and it is most common in middle-aged women. In most cases, it is asymptomatic. Its diagnosis is based on nuclear MRI, where it presents a homogeneous lesion, similar to the skeletal muscle, hyperintense in T1-weighted sequences and hypointense in T2-weighted sequences. This finding is confirmed with anatomical pathology tests, where it appears as a nonencapsulated lesion made up of wide collagen bands from connective tissue mixed with fat and muscle tissue. The treatment of choice is surgical removal of the lesion. We present a clinical case of elastofibroma, a benign and rare pathology with few described cases in the literature, in a patient with a previous dorsal lesion.
Cytosine Methylation of an Ancient Satellite Family in the Wild Beet Beta procumbens
Authors: Schmidt Martin , Hense Sarah , Minoche André E. , Dohm Juliane C. , Himmelbauer Heinz , Schmidt Thomas , Zakrzewski Falk
Published: June 2014

DNA methylation is an essential epigenetic feature for the regulation and maintenance of heterochromatin. Satellite DNA is a repetitive sequence component that often occurs in large arrays in heterochromatin of subtelomeric, intercalary and centromeric regions. Knowledge about the methylation status of satellite DNA is important for understanding the role of repetitive DNA in heterochromatization. In this study, we investigated the cytosine methylation of the ancient satellite family pEV in the wild beet Beta procumbens. The pEV satellite is widespread in species-specific pEV subfamilies in the genus Beta and most likely originated before the radiation of the Betoideae and Chenopodioideae. In B. procumbens, the pEV subfamily occurs abundantly and spans intercalary and centromeric regions. To uncover its cytosine methylation, we performed chromosome-wide immunostaining and bisulfite sequencing of pEV satellite repeats. We found that CG and CHG sites are highly methylated while CHH sites show only low levels of methylation. As a consequence of the low frequency of CG and CHG sites and the preferential occurrence of most cytosines in the CHH motif in pEV monomers, this satellite family displays only low levels of total cytosine methylation.
Isolated Gait Ataxia as a Sole Manifestation of Right Lateral Medullary Infarct following Ipsilateral Trigeminal Herpes Zoster
Authors: Lee Seung-Jae , Lee Dong-Geun
Published: June 2014

Background: Cerebral infarct related to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) has been reported in the literature. In addition, lateral medullary infarct (LMI) can be manifested rarely as isolated gait ataxia without other characteristic symptoms. Case Report: A 70-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of herpes zoster on the right trigeminal nerve distribution. On the 15th hospital day, she developed sudden vertigo and fine left-beating nystagmus with axial lateropulsion to the right side, without the other usual signs of LMI (Horner syndrome, dysarthria, swallowing difficulty or hemibody sensory change). Brain MRI showed a small infarct in the far dorsolateral portion of the right rostral medulla and pontomedullary junction. Cerebrospinal fluid study showed a positive VZV IgG antibody. Conclusions: We reported a case of isolated gait ataxia as the sole manifestation of right LMI following herpes zoster on the right trigeminal distribution. A high index of clinical suspicion for concomitant central nervous system complication is necessary in patients with herpes zoster, although the concomitant neurologic symptom may be mild or less lateralized.
Splenic Inflammatory Pseudotumor-Like Follicular Dendritic Cell Tumor
Authors: Vardas Konstantinos , Manganas Dimitrios , Papadimitriou Georgios , Kalatzis Vasileios , Kyriakopoulos Georgios , Chantziara Maria , Exarhos Dimitrios , Drakopoulos Spiros
Published: June 2014

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen with expression of follicular dendritic cell markers is an extremely rare lesion with only a few cases reported previously. The present study reports on an inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen 10 × 8 × 7 cm in size that was incidentally found in a 61-year-old man and increased gradually in size during a period of 3 months. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a well-circumscribed splenic mass, and abdominal computed tomography confirmed the presence of a well-circumscribed isodense lesion in the splenic hilum with inhomogenous enhancement in the early-phase images and no enhancement on delayed-phase contrast-enhanced images. Magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen showed a well-defined isodense tumor on T1-weighted images with mildly increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images, and this is only the second study that provides MRI findings of this entity. The patient underwent an uncomplicated open splenectomy for definitive histologic diagnosis. Under microscopic examination, the lesion was an admixture of lymphocytes, plasma cells and spindle cells. In situ hybridization analysis for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) revealed that most of the spindle cells were positive for EBV, and immunochemistry showed the expression of the follicular dendritic cell markers CD21, CD35 and CD23 within the tumor. The diagnosis of inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell tumor was established.
Monocytes Are Recruited From Venules During Arteriogenesis in the Murine Spinotrapezius Ligation Model
Authors: Bruce Anthony C. , Kelly-Goss Molly R. , Heuslein Joshua L. , Meisner Joshua K. , Price Richard J. , Peirce Shayn M.
Published: June 2014

Objective—

Chronic arterial occlusion results in arteriogenesis of collateral blood vessels. This process has been shown to be dependent on the recruitment of growth-promoting macrophages to remodeling collaterals. However, the potential role of venules in monocyte recruitment during microvascular arteriogenesis is not well demonstrated. First, we aim to document that arteriogenesis occurs in the mouse spinotrapezius ligation model. Then, we investigate the temporal and spatial distribution, as well as proliferation, of monocytes/macrophages recruited to collateral arterioles in response to elevated fluid shear stress.

Approach and Results—

Laser speckle flowmetry confirmed a postligation increase in blood velocity within collateral arterioles but not within venules. After 72 hours post ligation, collateral arteriole diameters were increased, proliferating cells were identified in vessel walls of shear-activated collaterals, and perivascular CD206
+
macrophages demonstrated proliferation. A 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay identified proliferation. CD68
+
CD206
+
cells around collaterals were increased 96%, whereas CX3CR1
(+/GFP)
cells were increased 126% in ligated versus sham groups after 72 hours. CX3CR1
(+/GFP)
cells were predominately venule associated at 6 hours after ligation; and CX3CR1
(+/GFP hi)
cells shifted from venule to arteriole associated between 6 and 72 hours after surgery exclusively in ligated muscle. We report accumulation and extravasation of adhered CX3CR1
(+/GFP)
cells in and from venules, but not from arterioles, after ligation.

Conclusions—

Our results demonstrate that arteriogenesis occurs in the murine spinotrapezius ligation model and implicate postcapillary venules as the site of tissue entry for circulating monocytes. Local proliferation of macrophages is also documented. These data open up questions about the role of arteriole–venule communication during monocyte recruitment.
Direct Interaction of Kindlin-3 With Integrin αIIbβ3 in Platelets Is Required for Supporting Arterial Thrombosis in Mice
Authors: Xu Zhen , Chen Xue , Zhi Huiying , Gao Juan , Bialkowska Katarzyna , Byzova Tatiana V. , Pluskota Elzbieta , White Gilbert C. , Liu Junling , Plow Edward F. , Ma Yan-Qing
Published: June 2014

Objective—

Kindlin-3 is a critical supporter of integrin function in platelets. Lack of expression of kindlin-3 protein in patients impairs integrin αIIbβ3–mediated platelet aggregation. Although kindlin-3 has been categorized as an integrin-binding partner, the functional significance of the direct interaction of kindlin-3 with integrin αIIbβ3 in platelets has not been established. Here, we evaluated the significance of the binding of kindlin-3 to integrin αIIbβ3 in platelets in supporting integrin αIIbβ3–mediated platelet functions.

Approach and Results—

We generated a strain of kindlin-3 knockin (K3KI) mice that express a kindlin-3 mutant that carries an integrin-interaction defective substitution. K3KI mice could survive normally and express integrin αIIbβ3 on platelets similar to their wild-type counterparts. Functional analysis revealed that K3KI mice exhibited defective platelet function, including impaired integrin αIIbβ3 activation, suppressed platelet spreading and platelet aggregation, prolonged tail bleeding time, and absence of platelet-mediated clot retraction. In addition, whole blood drawn from K3KI mice showed resistance to in vitro thrombus formation and, as a consequence, K3KI mice were protected from in vivo arterial thrombosis.

Conclusions—

These observations demonstrate that the direct binding of kindlin-3 to integrin αIIbβ3 is involved in supporting integrin αIIbβ3 activation and integrin αIIbβ3-dependent responses of platelets and consequently contributes significantly to arterial thrombus formation.
Dietary Cholesterol Promotes Adipocyte Hypertrophy and Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Visceral, but Not in Subcutaneous, Fat in Monkeys
Authors: Chung Soonkyu , Cuffe Helen , Marshall Stephanie M. , McDaniel Allison L. , Ha Jung-Heun , Kavanagh Kylie , Hong Cynthia , Tontonoz Peter , Temel Ryan E. , Parks John S.
Published: June 2014

Objective—

Excessive caloric intake is associated with obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction. However, the role of dietary cholesterol in this process is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether increasing dietary cholesterol intake alters adipose tissue cholesterol content, adipocyte size, and endocrine function in nonhuman primates.

Approach and Results—

Age-matched, male African Green monkeys (n=5 per group) were assigned to 1 of 3 diets containing 0.002 (low [Lo]), 0.2 (medium [Med]), or 0.4 (high [Hi]) mg cholesterol/kcal. After 10 weeks of diet feeding, animals were euthanized for adipose tissue, liver, and plasma collection. With increasing dietary cholesterol, free cholesterol (FC) content and adipocyte size increased in a stepwise manner in visceral, but not in subcutaneous fat, with a significant association between visceral adipocyte size and FC content (
r
2
=0.298; n=15;
P
=0.035). In visceral fat, dietary cholesterol intake was associated with (1) increased proinflammatory gene expression and macrophage recruitment, (2) decreased expression of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and lipoprotein uptake, and (3) increased expression of proteins involved in FC efflux.

Conclusions—

Increasing dietary cholesterol selectively increases visceral fat adipocyte size, FC and macrophage content, and proinflammatory gene expression in nonhuman primates. Visceral fat cells seem to compensate for increased dietary cholesterol by limiting cholesterol uptake/synthesis and increasing FC efflux pathways.
Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Inhibits Platelet Response to Thrombin and von Willebrand Factor by Regulating the Internalization of Glycoprotein Ib via AKT/Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3/Dynamin and Integrin αIIbβ3
Authors: Jones Chris I. , Sage Tanya , Moraes Leonardo A. , Vaiyapuri Sakthivel , Hussain Umara , Tucker Katherine L. , Barrett Natasha E. , Gibbins Jonathan M.
Published: June 2014

Objective—

Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) regulates platelet response to multiple agonists. How this immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif–containing receptor inhibits G protein-coupled receptor–mediated thrombin-induced activation of platelets is unknown.

Approach and Results—

Here, we show that the activation of PECAM-1 inhibits fibrinogen binding to integrin αIIbβ3 and P-selectin surface expression in response to thrombin (0.1–3 U/mL) but not thrombin receptor–activating peptides SFLLRN (3×10
−7
–1×10
−5
mol/L) and GYPGQV (3×10
−6
–1×10
−4
mol/L). We hypothesized a role for PECAM-1 in reducing the tethering of thrombin to glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα) on the platelet surface. We show that PECAM-1 signaling regulates the binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate–labeled thrombin to the platelet surface and reduces the levels of cell surface GPIbα by promoting its internalization, while concomitantly reducing the binding of platelets to von Willebrand factor under flow in vitro. PECAM-1–mediated internalization of GPIbα was reduced in the presence of both EGTA and cytochalasin D or latrunculin, but not either individually, and was reduced in mice in which tyrosines 747 and 759 of the cytoplasmic tail of β3 integrin were mutated to phenylalanine. Furthermore, PECAM-1 cross-linking led to a significant reduction in the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β Ser
9
, but interestingly an increase in glycogen synthase kinase-3α pSer
21
. PECAM-1–mediated internalization of GPIbα was reduced by inhibitors of dynamin (Dynasore) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (CHIR99021), an effect that was enhanced in the presence of EGTA.

Conclusions—

PECAM-1 mediates internalization of GPIbα in platelets through dual AKT/protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3/dynamin-dependent and αIIbβ3-dependent mechanisms. These findings expand our understanding of how PECAM-1 regulates nonimmunoreceptor signaling pathways and helps to explains how PECAM-1 regulates thrombosis.
Influence of Steroid Therapy on the Incidence of Pericarditis and Atrial Fibrillation After Percutaneous Epicardial Mapping and Ablation for Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Dyrda Katia , Piers Sebastiaan R.D. , van Huls van Taxis Carine F. , Schalij Martin J. , Zeppenfeld Katja
Published: June 2014

Background—

This study evaluates the influence of 3 therapeutic approaches on the incidence of pericarditis and atrial fibrillation (AF) after percutaneous epicardial mapping and ablation for ventricular tachycardia.

Methods and Results—

Eighty-five consecutive procedures (2006–2011) were retrospectively reviewed. After the first 17 procedures (20.0%), no steroids were administered. For the subsequent 30 procedures (35.3%), systemic steroids were administered intravenously or orally, whereas the last 38 procedures (44.7%) were followed by intrapericardial steroid injection. Compared with no steroids, the incidence of pericarditic chest pain was significantly reduced by intrapericardial steroids (58.8% versus 21.1%;
P
=0.006) but not by intravenous or oral steroids (58.8% versus 43.4%;
P
=0.31). There was no significant difference in the incidence of pericarditic ECG with steroids (36.8%, 30.0%, and 41.2% for intrapericardial, intravenous or oral, and none, respectively). There was a nonsignificant reduced incidence of chest pain with ECG changes with steroids (13.2%, 10.0%, and 29.4% for intrapericardial, intravenous or oral, and none, respectively). Radiofrequency applications (65.9% of procedures) did not affect the incidence of pericarditic ECG changes, pericarditic chest pain, or pericarditis (all
P
>0.05). In 7 (8.3%) patients with no prior history of AF, AF was documented a median 36 hours after procedure. Patients with pericarditic ECG tended to be at greater risk of AF (16.7 versus 3.6%;
P
=0.091).

Conclusions—

There is a high incidence of pericarditic chest pain and ECG changes after epicardial ventricular tachycardia mapping and ablation. Pericarditic chest pain is significantly decreased by intrapericardial steroids. Procedure-related AF is relatively frequent and tends to occur more commonly with pericarditic ECG changes.
Safety of Continuous Periprocedural Rivaroxaban for Patients Undergoing Left Atrial Catheter Ablation Procedures
Authors: Dillier Roger , Ammar Sonia , Hessling Gabriele , Kaess Bernhard , Pavaci Herribert , Buiatti Alessandra , Semmler Verena , Kathan Susanne , Hofmann Monika , Lennerz Carsten , Kolb Christof , Reents Tilko , Deisenhofer Isabel
Published: June 2014

Background—

This study aimed to evaluate the safety of continuous periprocedural rivaroxaban administration during left atrial radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in comparison with uninterrupted oral vitamin K antagonist administration. Data about the use of rivaroxaban in the setting of left atrial RFA procedures are lacking.

Methods and Results—

The study cohort included 544 patients (mean age, 63±10 years) who underwent left atrial RFA procedures between February 2012 and May 2013. All patients (n=272) receiving uninterrupted periprocedural rivaroxaban 15 or 20 mg/d before the procedure (rivaroxaban) were matched by age, sex, and type of rhythm disorder with an equal number of patients managed with uninterrupted vitamin K antagonist phenprocoumon (international normalized ratio, 2–3). During RFA, heparin was given intravenously to maintain an activated clotting time at 270 to 300 s. The safety end point was a composite of bleeding, thromboembolic events, and death. There were no thromboembolic complications and no deaths in either group. The prevalence of major bleeding complications was similar in both groups (1 tamponade in RivG and 1 groin hematoma requiring transfusion in phenprocoumon). Minor bleeding complications occurred equally in both groups (20 of 272; 7% in the rivaroxaban versus 33 of 272, 12% in the phenprocoumon;
P
=0.08). In multivariable analyses, female sex was associated with a greater risk of complications (odds ratio, 1.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.10–3.49).

Conclusions—

In patients undergoing left atrial RFA, continuous periprocedural rivaroxaban use seems to be as safe as uninterrupted periprocedural phenprocoumon administration.
Effect of Fixed-Dose Combination of Isosorbide Dinitrate and Hydralazine on All Hospitalizations and on 30-Day Readmission Rates in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Anand Inder S. , Win Sithu , Rector Thomas S. , Cohn Jay N. , Taylor Anne L.
Published: June 2014

Background—

Fixed-dose combination of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine (FDC-I/H) reduced mortality by 43% and death or first hospitalization for heart failure (HF) by 37% in the African-American Heart Failure Trial (A-HeFT). Reduction in mortality makes it difficult to determine the effect on hospitalizations unless the analysis adjusts for death as a competing risk.

Methods and Results—

In A-HeFT, 1050 self-identified black patients with moderate to severe HF were randomized to FDC-I/H or placebo. The effects of FDC-I/H on first and all hospitalizations and 30-day readmission rates were analyzed. Deaths as competing risks were adjusted using Fine–Gray regression and joint models of hospitalizations and mortality. There were 558 all-cause and 251 HF hospitalizations in placebo compared with 435 and 173 hospitalizations in the FDC-I/H group. Adjusting for deaths as a competing risk, the effect of FDC-I/H on the first hospitalization for HF, expressed in hazard ratio (95% confidence interval), was 0.61 (0.47–0.80;
P
<0.001) and 0.88 (0.72–1.06;
P
=0.18) on the first all-cause hospitalization. The effect of FDC-I/H on all recurrent hospitalizations for HF was 0.66 (0.52–0.83;
P
=0.0005), similar to the effect on the first hospitalizations for HF, whereas the effect on all hospitalizations for any cause was 0.75 (0.63–0.91;
P
=0.003). The 30-day all-cause readmission rate after the first hospitalization for HF was 23.6% (29 of 123) in placebo versus 14.8% (12 of 81) in the FDC-I/H group, but the effect (0.59; 0.30–1.16;
P
=0.12) in this small subgroup was not significant.

Conclusions—

Treatment with FDC-I/H was associated with a substantial reduction in the first and recurrent HF hospitalizations, and in total all-cause hospitalizations, reducing the total burden of costly and distressing hospitalizations.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00047775.
Arenaria tenuifolia versus Arenaria hybrida (Caryophyllaceae): Nomenclatural study and taxonomic implications
Authors: Iamonico Duilio
Published: June 2014

The Linnaean name Arenaria tenuifolia (Caryophyllaceae) is lectotypified on a specimen preserved at LINN (no. 585.36). To verify its identity, the names A. dichotoma (nom. illeg.), A. hybrida (currently Sabulina tenuifolia), A. tenuifolia var. vaillantiana (currently S. tenuifolia subsp. vaillantiana), Minuartia hybrida var. palaestina, M. hybrida var. parviflora, and M. hybrida subsp. turcica (currently S. tenuifolia subsp. turcica) were investigated. Two iconography, one by Villars and a second by Vaillant are designated as lectotypes of A. hybrida, and A. tenuifolia var. vaillantiana respectively. In addition, the holotypes of M. hybrida var. palaestina, M. hybrida var. parviflora, and M. hybrida subsp. turcica (basyonim of S. tenuifolia subsp. turcica) were examined at WU (var. parviflora) and E (var. palaestina, and subsp. turcica). The results show that Linnaeus’s 1753 A. tenuifolia, has priority over Villars’ 1779 A. hybrida. Therefore we here confirm the treatment of these two names by M. Dillenberger and J. Kadereit although neither name was typified by them. All of the above names are included in Sabulina. Since var. palaestina and var. parviflora have not yet transferred to Sabulina two new combinations are proposed herein, namely S. tenuifolia var. palaestina, and S. tenuifolia var. parviflora.
Seven new species of Psechrus and additional taxonomic contributions to the knowledge of the spider family Psechridae (Araneae)
Authors: BAYER STEFFEN
Published: June 2014

Seven new Psechrus species are described from South East Asia: P. arietinus sp. nov.(♂♀, Vietnam), P. insulanus sp. nov.(♂, Thailand), P. ampullaceus sp. nov.(♂♀, Vietnam), P. omistes sp. nov.(♂, Indonesia, Sumatra), P. quasillus sp. nov.(♂♀, Malaysia, Borneo), P. huberi sp. nov.(♀, Philippines), and P. wade sp. nov.(♂, Philippines). For the following species, new records are listed and intraspecific variation is discussed and illustrated: P. libelti Kulczyński, 1908, P. norops Bayer, 2012, P. rani Wang & Yin, 2001, P. khammouan Jäger, 2007, P. luangprabang Jäger, 2007, P. jaegeri Bayer, 2012, P. obtectus Bayer, 2012, P. kenting Yoshida, 2009 and P. crepido Bayer, 2012, and Fecenia protensa Thorell, 1891. The latter species is recorded from Vietnam for the first time. P. norops, P. libelti and an unidentified Psechrus species from Baluno, Mindanao are for the first time characterised and illustrated by their pre-epigynes and pre-vulvae.
Three new species of the genus Habrobathynella Schminke, 1973 (Syncarida, Parabathynellidae) from the peninsular India
Authors: TOTAKURA VENKATESWARA RAO , REDDY YENUMULA RANGA
Published: June 2014

The genus Habrobathynella Schminke, 1973, presently contains 11 species: two species from Madagascar and nine from the peninsular India. Two new species of this genus, viz. H. ajraoi n. sp., and H. parakrishna n. sp., both collected in the phreatic waters of farm bores, and one new species of the same genus, H. pseudoindica n. sp., taken from the hyporheic zone of the River Krishna, are described and illustrated, and their position in the genus is discussed. H. ajraoi n. sp. has a unique combination of characters, viz. male Th VIII penile region extending well beyond basipod; basipodal seta unusually long, overreaching penile region; uropodal sympod with inhomonomous row of seven spines, with penultimate and ultimate spines being longer than proximal ones; mandibular tooth of ventral edge fused, and pars molaris fork-like with only four small, fused teeth; labrum with eight elongate teeth; female Th VIII subovate in outline; and maxilla with three unequal setae on proximal segment. H. parakrishna n. sp. is distinct from its congeners in having only moderately produced male Th VIII penile lobes; antennular sixth segment with three unequal aesthetascs subapically; maxilla with only 1 seta at inner distal corner of proximal segment; uropodal sympod with inhomonomous row of five spines, penultimate spine longest and thickest, and ultimate spine as long as proximal ones; and labrum slightly vaulted, bearing 16 teeth. H. pseudoindica n. sp. has a relatively short, subglobular male Th VIII; uropodal sympod with inhomonomous row of four spines, ultimate one longest; pleotelson slightly protruded in lateral view; maxilla with two rather unequal setae on first segment; labrum vaulted, with ten main, large teeth. Furthermore, the principal morphological characters and their states among the habrobathynellids, with special reference to the new species, are briefly discussed.
Mysmenidae (Arachnida, Araneae), a spider family newly recorded from Vietnam
Authors: Lin Yucheng , Li Shuqiang
Published: June 2014

The spider family Mysmenidae is reported from Vietnam for the first time. Both sexes of three new species are described: Calodipoena tamdaoensis n. sp. from Tam Dao National Park, Gaoligonga taeniata n. sp. and Mysmena maculosa n. sp. from Cuc Phuong National Park. Morphological descriptions, diagnoses and comparative illustrations are provided.
Review of the genera of Mycetophagidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) with descriptions of new genera and a world generic key
Authors: LAWRENCE JOHN F. , ESCALONA HERMES E. , LESCHEN RICHARD A. B. , ŚLIPIŃSKI ADAM
Published: June 2014

The world genera of Mycetophagidae are reviewed and four new genera described. Several adult features of Mycetophagidae are discussed, and some newly discovered secondary sexual characters are described and illustrated. A key is given to the adults of all mycetophagid genera. The following new genera and species are proposed: Afrotyphaeola gen. n. (South Africa), A. natalensis sp. n. (South Africa), Neotriphyllus gen. n. (southwestern USA to Central America), Nototriphyllus gen. n. (New Zealand, Madagascar, Chile and Argentina), N. araucania sp. n. (Chile, Argentina), Zeclaviger gen. n. (New Zealand) and Z. explanatus sp. n. (New Zealand). The following synonymies are proposed: Litargus Erichson, 1846 (= Catopius Sharp, 1902) syn. n., Litargus balteatus LeConte, 1856 (= Triphyllus minor Lea, 1895) syn. n., Mycetophagus confusus Horn, 1878 (= Triphyllus perfectus Sharp, 1902) syn. n. The following new combinations are proposed: Litargops intricatus (Blackburn, 1891) (Triphyllus, Litargus) comb. n., L. multiguttatus (Lea, 1895) (Triphyllus, Litargus) comb. n., Litargus irregularis (Sharp) (Catopius) comb. n., Mycetophagus (Paralitargus) didesmus (Say) (Litargus) comb. n., Neotriphyllus confusus (Horn) (Mycetophagus) comb. n. Nototriphyllus aciculatus (Broun, 1880) (Cryptophagus) comb. n., N. adspersus (Broun, 1880) (Cryptophagus) comb. n., N. constans (Broun, 1914) comb. n., N. fuliginosus (Broun, 1880) (Cryptophagus) comb. n., N. hispidellus (Broun, 1880) (Cryptophagus) comb. n., N. integritus (Broun, 1893) comb. n., N. pubescens (Broun, 1909) comb. n., N. madagascariensis (Fairmaire, 1898) (Triphyllus) comb. n., N. punctulatus (Broun, 1880) (Cryptophagus) comb. n., N. rubicundus (Sharp, 1886) (Triphyllus) comb. n., N. serratus (Broun, 1880) (Cryptophagus) comb. n., N. substriatus (Broun, 1880) (Cryptophagus) comb. n. The larva of Nototriphyllus araucania is briefly described and compared with other known myceophagid larvae. The genus Nesolathrus Scott (1922), described in Latridiidae and considered incertae sedis in Mycetophagidae by Lawrence & Newton (1995), is placed in the subfamily Bergininae, following Lawrence & Ślipiński (2013). The tribe Typhaeini Thomson (1863), as delimited by Nikitsky (1993), based on the lateral closure of the mesocoxal cavity by the mesoventrite and metaventrite, is considered to be non-monophyletic. Rhipidonyx adustus Reitter (1876), described in Mycetophagidae, is transferred to Tenebrionidae: Alleculinae, based on the description and examination of a specimen presumed to be the type.
New genus Arxellia with new species of Solariellidae (Gastropoda: Trochoidea) from New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Western Australia, Vanuatu and Tonga
Authors: VILVENS CLAUDE , WILLIAMS SUZANNE T. , HERBERT DAVID G.
Published: June 2014

A new genus, Arxellia, is described in the family Solariellidae. Nine species are referred to this taxon, eight of which are new and are described in this paper (Arxellia trochos n. sp., Arxellia boucheti n. sp., Arxellia herosae n. sp., Arxellia helicoides n. sp., Arxellia tracheia n. sp., Arxellia thaumasta n. sp., Arxellia maestratii n. sp. and Arxellia erythrea n. sp.). The previously described species Bathymophila tenorioi Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 is reassigned to Arxellia.
Brockphasma spinifemoralis gen. et spec. nov.: a new phasmid genus and new species of Neohiraseini (Phasmida: Necrosciinae) from Vietnam
Authors: HO GEORGE WAI-CHUN , LIU XING-YUE , BRESSEEL JOACHIM , CONSTANT JEROME
Published: June 2014

A new genus of stick insects, Brockphasma Ho gen. nov., with the type-species, Brockphasma spinifemoralis Ho, Liu, Bresseel & Constant spec. nov., is described and illustrated from Vietnam. Both sexes, the egg and the first instar nymph are described and figured. Data on the habitat and natural foodplants are provided. Brockphasma Ho gen. nov. is differentiated from other genera in Neohiraseini by spinose occiput, anterior region of mesonotum with a spinose hump and spinose anterodorsal and posterodorsal carinae of femora. A key to the genera of Neohiraseini from Vietnam is given.
Intraseasonal and Interdecadal Jet Shifts in the Northern Hemisphere: The Role of Warm Pool Tropical Convection and Sea Ice
Authors: Feldstein Steven B. , Lee Sukyoung
Published: June 2014

This study uses cluster analysis to investigate the interdecadal poleward shift of the subtropical and eddy-driven jets and its relationship to intraseasonal teleconnections. For this purpose, self-organizing map (SOM) analysis is applied to the ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) zonal-mean zonal wind. The resulting SOM patterns have time scales of 4.8–5.7 days and undergo notable interdecadal trends in their frequency of occurrence. The sum of these trends closely resembles the observed interdecadal trend of the subtropical and eddy-driven jets, indicating that much of the interdecadal climate forcing is manifested through changes in the frequency of intraseasonal teleconnection patterns.

Two classes of jet cluster patterns are identified. The first class of SOM pattern is preceded by anomalies in convection over the warm pool followed by changes in the poleward wave activity flux. The second class of patterns is preceded by sea ice and stratospheric polar vortex anomalies; when the Arctic sea ice area is reduced, the subsequent planetary wave anomalies destructively interfere with the climatological stationary waves. This is followed by a decrease in the vertical wave activity flux and a strengthening of the stratospheric polar vortex. An increase in sea ice area leads to the opposite chain of events. Analysis suggests that the positive trend in the Arctic Oscillation (AO) up until the early 1990s might be attributed to increased warm pool tropical convection, while the subsequent reversal in its trend may be due to the influence of tropical convection being overshadowed by the accelerated loss of Arctic sea ice.
Declining Aerosols in CMIP5 Projections: Effects on Atmospheric Temperature Structure and Midlatitude Jets
Authors: Rotstayn Leon D. , Plymin Emily L. , Collier Mark A. , Boucher Olivier , Dufresne Jean-Louis , Luo Jing-Jia , von Salzen Knut , Jeffrey Stephen J. , Foujols Marie-Alice , Ming Yi , Horowitz Larry W.
Published: June 2014

The effects of declining anthropogenic aerosols in representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) are assessed in four models from phase 5 the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), with a focus on annual, zonal-mean atmospheric temperature structure and zonal winds. For each model, the effect of declining aerosols is diagnosed from the difference between a projection forced by RCP4.5 for 2006–2100 and another that has identical forcing, except that anthropogenic aerosols are fixed at early twenty-first-century levels. The response to declining aerosols is interpreted in terms of the meridional structure of aerosol radiative forcing, which peaks near 40°N and vanishes at the South Pole.

Increasing greenhouse gases cause amplified warming in the tropical upper troposphere and strengthening midlatitude jets in both hemispheres. However, for declining aerosols the vertically averaged tropospheric temperature response peaks near 40°N, rather than in the tropics. This implies that for declining aerosols the tropospheric meridional temperature gradient generally increases in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), but in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) it decreases in the tropics and subtropics. Consistent with thermal wind balance, the NH jet then strengthens on its poleward side and weakens on its equatorward side, whereas the SH jet strengthens more than the NH jet. The asymmetric response of the jets is thus consistent with the meridional structure of aerosol radiative forcing and the associated tropospheric warming: in the NH the latitude of maximum warming is roughly collocated with the jet, whereas in the SH warming is strongest in the tropics and weakest at high latitudes.
Spatial Structure of Turbulent Mixing in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Yang Qingxuan , Zhao Wei , Li Min , Tian Jiwei
Published: June 2014

Turbulent mixing in the northwestern Pacific Ocean is estimated using the Gregg–Henyey–Polzin scaling and Thorpe-scale methods. The data sources are the hydrographic observations during October and November 2005. The results reveal clear spatial patterns of turbulent mixing in the study area. High-level diffusivity on the order of 10−3 m2 s−1 or larger is found within the western boundary region, where the Kuroshio flows northward. The width covered by this prominent diffusivity shows an increase from 12° to 18°N. The horizontal distribution of depth-averaged diffusivity in the top 500 m shows enhanced mixing with diffusivity of 6 × 10−3 m2 s−1 south of 9°N where the Mindanao Eddy remains a quasi-permanent feature. These two distinct patterns of diffusivity distribution suggest that the Kuroshio and the Mindanao Eddy are likely responsible for the elevated turbulent mixing in the study area.
Computing Deep-Tropospheric Vertical Wind Shear Analyses for Tropical Cyclone Applications: Does the Methodology Matter?
Authors: Velden Christopher S. , Sears John
Published: June 2014

Vertical wind shear is well known in the tropical cyclone (TC) forecasting community as an important environmental influence on storm structure and intensity change. The traditional way to define deep-tropospheric vertical wind shear in most prior research studies, and in operational forecast applications, is to simply use the vector difference of the 200- and 850-hPa wind fields based on global model analyses. However, is this rather basic approach to approximate vertical wind shear adequate for most TC applications? In this study, the traditional approach is compared to a different methodology for generating fields of vertical wind shear as produced by the University of Wisconsin Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS). The CIMSS fields are derived with heavy analysis weight given to available high-density satellite-derived winds. The resultant isobaric analyses are then used to create two mass-weighted layer-mean wind fields, one upper and one lower tropospheric, which are then differenced to produce the deep-tropospheric vertical wind shear field. The principal novelty of this approach is that it does not rely simply on the analyzed winds at two discrete levels, but instead attempts to account for some of the variable vertical wind structure in the calculation. It will be shown how the resultant vertical wind shear fields derived by the two approaches can diverge significantly in certain situations; the results also suggest that in many cases it is superior in depicting the wind structure's impact on TCs than the simple two-level differential that serves as the common contemporary vertical wind shear approximation.
Oncologic Efficacy of Angiolytic KTP Laser Treatment of Early Glottic Cancer
Authors: Zeitels Steven M. , Burns James A.
Published: June 2014

Objective:

Angiolytic laser removal of early glottic cancer with ultra-narrow margins was reported in a pilot study 5 years ago as an innovative surgical treatment strategy to better preserve vocal function. Subsequently, in a cohort of > 90 patients, enhanced voice outcomes were achieved and there was diminished need for post-treatment phonosurgical reconstruction. However, the initial pilot study examining oncologic efficacy had a limited number of patients and most did not have 3-year follow-up. Consequently, further analysis of the oncologic efficacy is valuable.

Method:

Retrospective review.

Results:

One hundred seventeen patients (T1a-71, T1b-11, T2a-10, T2b-25) underwent potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser treatment of early glottic cancer with a minimum 3-year follow-up (average = 53 months). The “b” designation delineated bilateral disease. Disease control for T1 and T2 lesions was 96% (79/82) and 80% (28/35), respectively. All 10 recurrences were treated with radiotherapy. Fifty percent (5/10) were controlled with radiotherapy, and the other 5 died of disease. Larynx preservation and survival were achieved in 99% (81/82) with T1 disease and 89% (31/35) with T2 disease.

Conclusion:

This investigation provides further evidence that angiolytic KTP laser removal of early glottic cancer with ultra-narrow margins is an effective oncologic treatment strategy. Radiotherapy was preserved for future use in more than 90% of patients. Since a majority of patients are referred by an otolaryngologist to undergo treatment of early glottic cancer with radiotherapy, this investigation provides compelling information to reappraise this paradigm.
Hagar and Ishmael: The Reception of Expulsion
Authors: Sherwood Yvonne
Published: June 2014

“Reception” is a strange idea in relation to the story of Hagar and Ishmael. To receive is to welcome, but the story of Hagar and Ishmael is about expulsion, not welcome. This essay examines both the biblical story and the “afterlives” of Hagar and Ishmael as they have been “received” in various contexts, including African-American literature and art, war-torn Europe, and Iraq.
Improvements in fatigue life of amine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy composites: Effect of functionalization degree and microwave-assisted precuring
Authors: Moaseri Ehsan , Hasanabadi Salman , Maghrebi Morteza , Baniadam Majid
Published: June 2014

In this study, the effects of functionalization degree and precuring process were studied on the fatigue life of amine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy composites. The multi-walled carbon nanotubes were highly functionalized by ethylenediamine through a microwave-assisted method. The grafted amine moieties on the multi-walled carbon nanotubes could react with the epoxy chains of the matrix and consequently form covalent bonds between the multi-walled carbon nanotubes and the epoxy matrix. It has been found that higher functionalization degrees can lead to considerable enhancement on fatigue life of reinforced composites by increasing the dispersibility of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in the epoxy matrix and also improving the interfacial interactions between the reinforcing phase and the matrix. In the next step, the precuring process was performed by three apparatuses: oven, stirrer and microwave. While the precuring process with all three apparatuses resulted in higher mechanical properties of reinforced composites, the microwave-assisted precuring was more successful than the other two apparatuses. The reinforced composites prepared by microwave-assisted precuring experienced more than 19% improvement in the tensile strength in comparison to the non-precured composite; such improvements in the mechanical properties of reinforced composites were attributed to higher reactivity of amine moieties with the epoxy chains due to sufficient activation energy provided by microwave radiations. Observations with scanning electron microscopy indicated that highly functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes were uniformly distributed in the epoxy matrix; this can lead to uniform distribution of applied stress in the composites and consequently improve mechanical properties of the reinforced composites.