bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A self-healing Li–S redox flow battery with alternative reaction pathways
Authors: Chen Qiliang , Guo Wei , Wang Donghai , Fu Yongzhu
Published: April 2021

Dipyridyl disulphide and diphenyl diselenide were introduced as adjuvants to enable self-healing in a Li–S redox flow battery. Sulfur atoms can be inserted into their molecular structures to alter the redox reaction pathways and accelerate the redox kinetics of sulfur.
Overcoming the rate-determining kinetics of the Na3V2O2(PO4)2F cathode for ultrafast sodium storage by heterostructured dual-carbon decoration
Authors: Li Xiangyi , Jiang Shuli , Li Shiyu , Yao Junyi , Zhao Yue , Bashir Tariq , Zhou Shaowen , Yang Shiqi , Li Wanying , Zhu Wenhao , Liu Tingting , Zhao Jianqing , Gao Lijun
Published: April 2021

The dual-carbon decoration demonstrates significant effects on boosting the rate and cycling performance for the Na3V2O2(PO4)2F cathode via the C coating and CNF wrapping in a heterostructure.
One-micron-thick organic indoor light harvesters with low photocurrent loss and fill factors over 67%
Authors: Wang Tong , Wen Zhen-Chuan , Xu Liu-Hong , Qin Chao-Chao , Yin Hang , Liu Jian-Qiang , Hao Xiao-Tao
Published: April 2021

A diluting strategy with insulating polystyrene is adopted in indoor light harvesters, and achieves high-performance 1-micron-thick photovoltaic device with low trap state density and a record fill factor over 67% under light-emitting diode lights.
Flexible supercapacitors with high capacitance retention at temperatures from −20 to 100 °C based on DMSO-doped polymer hydrogel electrolytes
Authors: Liu Yanan , Li Huili , Wang Xue , Lv Tian , Dong Keyi , Chen Zilin , Yang Yunlong , Cao Shaokui , Chen Tao
Published: April 2021

Flexible supercapacitors with high capacitance retention at temperatures from −20 to 100 °C were developed based on DMSO-doped polymer hydrogel electrolytes.
CORALIE radial velocity search for companions around evolved stars (CASCADES)
Authors: Buldgen G. , Ottoni G. , Pezzotti C. , Lyttle A. , Eggenberger P. , Udry S. , Ségransan D. , Miglio A. , Mayor M. , Lovis C. , Elsworth Y. , Davies G. R. , Ball W. H.
Published: April 2021

Context. The advent of asteroseismology as the golden path to precisely characterize single stars naturally led to synergies with the field of exoplanetology. Today, the precise determination of stellar masses, radii and ages for exoplanet-host stars is a driving force in the development of dedicated software and techniques to achieve this goal. However, as various approaches exist, it is clear that they all have advantages and inconveniences and that there is a trade-off between accuracy, efficiency, and robustness of the techniques.

Aims. We aim to compare and discuss various modelling techniques for exoplanet-host red giant stars for which TESS data are available. The results of the seismic modelling are then used to study the dynamical evolution and atmospheric evaporation of the planetary systems.

Methods. We study, in detail, the robustness, accuracy and precision of various seismic modelling techniques when applied to four exoplanet-host red giants observed by TESS. We discuss the use of global seismic indexes, the use of individual radial frequencies and that of non-radial oscillations. In each case, we discuss the advantages and inconveniences of the modelling technique.

Results. We determine precise and accurate masses of exoplanet-host red giant stars orbited by long-period Jupiter-like planets using various modelling techniques. For each target, we also provide a model-independent estimate of the mass from a mean density inversion combined with radii values from Gaia and spectroscopic data. We show that no engulfment or migration is observed for these targets, even if their evolution is extended beyond their estimated seismic ages up the red giant branch.
Interactive real-time auralization of airborne sound insulation in buildings
Authors: Muhammad Imran , Heimes Anne , Vorländer Michael
Published: April 2021

Sound insulation auralization can be used as valuable tool to study the perceptual aspects of sound transmission in built environments for assessment of noise effects on people. It may help to further develop guidelines for building constructions. One advanced goal of real-time sound insulation auralization is to appropriately reproduce the condition of noise effects on the human perception and cognitive performance in dynamic and interactive situations. These effects depend on the kind of noise signal (i.e. speech, music, traffic noise, etc.) and on the context. This paper introduces a sound insulation auralization model. The sound insulation filters are constructed for virtual buildings with respect to complex sound propagation effects for indoor and outdoor sound sources. The approach considers the source room sound field with direct and diffuse components along with source directivity and position. The transfer functions are subdivided into patches from the source room to the receiver room, which also covers composite building elements, thus providing more detail to the actual building situations. Furthermore, the receiving room acoustics includes the reverberation of the room based on its mean free path, absorption and binaural transfer functions between its radiating walls elements and the listener. This more exact approach of sound insulation model agrees reasonably well with the ISO standard (i.e. diffuse field theory) under standard settings. It is also shown that the sound field significantly influences the transmitted energies via building elements depending on the directivity and position of the source. The proposed method is validated as a general scheme and includes more details for real-time auralization in specific situations especially in the cases where the simplified diffuse sound field approach fails. It is capable to be used in interactive Virtual Reality (VR) systems, which opens new opportunities for psychoacoustics research in noise effects on human.
Un trio de mécanismes au cœur de l’initiation de la régénération chez les animaux
Authors: Vullien Aurore , Röttinger Éric , Vervoort Michel , Gazave Eve
Published: April 2021

La régénération d’un membre ou du corps entier est un processus largement répandu chez les animaux. Même si les capacités régénératives varient d’une espèce à l’autre, trois mécanismes sont observés de façon récurrente lors de l’initiation de la régénération : la production de dérivés réactifs de l’oxygène (DRO), l’apoptose, et la prolifération cellulaire. De nombreux travaux ont mis en évidence le fait que ces trois mécanismes étaient nécessaires au bon déroulement de la régénération chez des espèces pourtant phylogénétiquement éloignées. Comprendre en détail les mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires qui sous-tendent la coordination de ces trois processus dans l’initiation de la régénération pourrait aider à développer des thérapies pro-régénératives.
Ajman an environmentally friendly city with its quality of life: review of sustainability challenges and achievements by Ajman Municipality and Planning Department
Authors: Alhosani Khaled Mueen , Kaied Yaser Omar , Darwish Abdul Salam Kareem
Published: April 2021

The increasing debate on sustainable development has raised attention by many global sectors such as policymakers and developers for advanced sustainable cities and the corresponding sustainability impacts on urban transformation. UAE Government has initiated a task to focus on improving air quality, preserving water resources, increasing clean energy, implementing green growth plans, and further enhancing its citizens' quality of life. Ajman is the smallest Emirate and through the The Ajman Municipality and Planning Department has carried out in corporation with the other Governmental authorities started to initiate plans, policies, and initiatives for this purpose. The increase in population, society wellbeing, lifestyle and industrial revolution in the Emirate of Ajman − UAE, resulted in increased challengesinitiated for the Ajman Municipality and Planning Department (AMPD). These challenges align with national and international strategies and goals targeting the urgent environmental, social and economic issues. Therefore, Ajman Municipality has set up a prime aim to embed sustainability through every life aspect and consider sustainability an integral part of its vision and mission. Municipality sustainability performance was enhanced to incorporate sustainability into all activities to ensure wellbeing and happiness and transform the Emirate of Ajman into a sustainable city and its inhabitants blessed with a beautiful, comfortable life. This paper provides an overview of all the challenges and achievements of the Ajman Municipality and Planning Department (AMPD), highlighting the success factors to support initiatives that serve to advance the United Nations' sustainable development agenda. Lessons from the achievements are considered as guidelines for a framework model that can be used for future planning and development.
Australian vegetation classification and the International Vegetation Classification framework: an overview with case studies
Authors: Muldavin Esteban H. , Addicott Eda , Hunter John T. , Lewis Donna , Faber-Langendoen Don
Published: April 2021

Recent advances in conceptual frameworks in vegetation classifications, such as the EcoVeg approach that underpins the International Vegetation Classification (IVC) developed by NatureServe staff and colleagues, offer opportunities to enhance national classification initiatives. National level initiatives provide an important stepping-stone between international units and subnational units. Australia has a long history of developing various vegetation typologies at local to regional scales, but ecologists recognise the need for an Australia-wide, plot-based vegetation classification system that incorporates the principles of the EcoVeg approach, and thereby helps build an international classification system. Using two case studies, we provide a comparison of various structures and criteria for relevant Australian classifications in the context of the IVC, and exemplify how Australian classifications of forest, shrublands, grasslands, and deserts could potentially link into the IVC hierarchy to illustrate the capacity of the IVC to summarise the full range of Australian vegetation at a broad formation (biome) scale. We then discuss how the IVC might inform future work towards an Australian vegetation classification system and, vice versa, the implications of an Australian vegetation classification for IVC development.
Skeletal muscle properties and vascular function do not differ between healthy, young vegan and omnivorous men
Authors: Page Joe , Erskine Robert M. , Hopkins Nicola D.
Published: April 2021

A vegan diet is associated with reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but protein deficiencies may be detrimental to skeletal muscle structure and function. The aim of this study was to compare the vascular and skeletal muscle properties between young, healthy, recreationally active habitual vegan (VEG) and omnivorous (OMN) men. Sixteen OMN and nine VEG underwent ultrasound scans to determine brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid artery intima‐media thickness (cIMT) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle thickness and fascicle pennation angle. Knee extension maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) force was assessed on an isokinetic dynamometer, and O2max on a cycle ergometer and online gas analysis system. A three‐day food diary determined habitual dietary behaviour. Bayesian analyses of independent groups provided “moderate” to “very strong” evidence for lower consumption of absolute (63±21 g/d vs. 98 ± 30 g/d; Bayes Factor (BF01) = 0.140) and relative (0.86 ± 0.29 g/kg/d vs.1.36 ± 0.52 g/kg/d; BF01 = 0.259) protein, absolute saturated fat (15.2 ± 7.9 g vs. 30.3 ± 11.8 g; BF01 = 0.089) and cholesterol (5.0 ± 6.0 mg vs. 337.9 ± 232.6 mg; BF01 = 0.019) in VEG compared to OMN, respectively. Further, there was “anecdotal” evidence to support no differences in FMD (3.37 ± 3.31% vs. 4.58 ± 5.82%; BF01 = 2.591), cIMT (0.51 ± 0.07 mm vs. 0.49 ± 0.04 mm; BF01 = 2.510), VL thickness (26.1 ± 3.7 mm vs. 27.8 ± 6.4 mm; BF01 = 2.726), fascicle pennation angle (16.6 ± 4.7° vs. 17.7 ± 3.7°; BF01 = 2.844), MVIC (627 ± 182 N vs. 551 ± 102 N; BF01 = 1.656) or O2max (40.8 ± 9.8 ml/kg/min vs. 35.8 ± 5.2 ml/kg/min; BF01 = 1.218) between VEG and OMN, respectively. Despite marked differences in habitual nutrient intake, healthy, young vegan and omnivorous men did not differ regarding vascular and skeletal muscle structure and function, or cardiovascular fitness.
Bound states of Dirac equation using the proper quantization rule
Authors: Bachi H , Touloum S , Ighezou F Z , Gharbi A
Published: April 2021

Using the proper quantization rule, we investigate the exact solution of Dirac equation for Hartmann and the ring-shaped non-spherical harmonic oscillator potentials under the condition of equal scalar and vector potentials. By considering the proper quantization condition within angular and radial variables, the exact relativistic energy spectra are obtained for each system. Then by the mean of suitable changes of variables, the corresponding spinor wave-functions are constructed where the normalization constants are exactly calculated. We also derived the non-relativistic limit of energy spectra.
Is asymptotically safe inflation eternal?
Authors: Chojnacki J. , Krajecka J. , Kwapisz J.H. , Slowik O. , Strag A.
Published: April 2021

Recently, based on swampland considerations in string theory, the (no) eternal inflation principle has been put forward. The natural question arises whether similar conditions hold in other approaches to quantum gravity. In this article, the asymptotic safety hypothesis is considered in the context of eternal inflation.

As exemplary inflationary models the SU(N) Yang-Mills in the Veneziano limit and various RG-improvements of the gravitational action are studied. The existence of UV fixed point generically flattens the potential and our findings suggest no tension between eternal inflation and asymptotic safety, both in the matter and gravitational sector in contradistinction to string theory. Moreover, the eternal inflation cannot take place in the range of applicability of effective field quantum gravity theory.

We employ the analytical relations for eternal inflation to some of the models with single minima, such as Starobinsky inflation, alpha-attractors, or the RG-improved models and verify them with the massive numerical simulations. The validity of these constraints is also discussed for a multi-minima model.
Design and calibration of an optically segmented single volume scatter camera for neutron imaging
Authors: Galindo-Tellez A. , Keefe K. , Adamek E. , Brubaker E. , Crow B. , Dorrill R. , Druetzler A. , Felix C.J. , Kaneshige N. , Learned J.G. , Manfredi J.J. , Nishimura K. , Pinto Souza B. , Schoen D. , Sweany M.
Published: April 2021

The Optically Segmented Single Volume Scatter Camera (OS-SVSC) aims to image neutron sources for non-proliferation applications using the kinematic reconstruction of elastic double-scatter events. Our prototype system consists of 64 EJ-204 organic plastic scintillator bars, each measuring 5mm × 5mm × 200mm and individually wrapped in Teflon tape. The scintillator array is optically coupled to two silicon photomultiplier ArrayJ-60035 64P-PCB arrays, each comprised of 64 individual 6x6mm J-Series sensors arranged in an 8 × 8 array.

We report on the design details, including component selections, mechanical design and assembly, and the electronics system. The described design leveraged existing off-the-shelf solutions to support the rapid development of a phase 1 prototype. Several valuable lessons were learned from component and system testing, including those related to the detector's mechanical structure and electrical crosstalk that we conclude originates in the commercial photodetector arrays and the associated custom breakout cards.

We detail our calibration efforts, beginning with calibrations for the electronics, based on the IRS3D application-specific integrated circuits, and their associated timing resolutions, ranging from 3090ps. With electronics calibrations applied, energy and position calibrations were performed for a set of edge bars using 22Na and 90Sr, respectively, reporting an average resolution of 12.07±0.03mm for energy depositions between 900keVee and 1000keVee. We further demonstrate a position calibration method for the internal bars of the matrix using cosmic-ray muons as an alternative to emission sources that cannot easily access these bars, with an average measured resolution of 14.86+-0.29mm for depositions between 900keVee and 1000keVee. The coincident time resolution reported between pairs of bars measured up to 400ps from muon acquisitions. Energy and position calibration values measured with muons are consistent with those obtained using particle emission sources.
Detector geometry management system designed for Super Tau Charm Facility offline software
Authors: Li H. , Huang W.H. , Liu D. , Song Y. , Shao M. , Huang X.T.
Published: April 2021

In this paper, a geometry management system (GMS) is designed for the Offline Software of Super Tau Charm Facility (STCF) in China. Based on the eXtensible Markup Language (XML) and Detector Description Toolkit for High Energy Physics Experiments (DD4Hep), the system provides a consistent detector-geometry description for different offline applications, such as simulation, reconstruction and visualization. It is being used for detector optimization and performance evaluation with a customized full detector simulation package (FullSim). The paper presents the design, implementation, and performance of the GMS.
RF pulse amplifier for CVD-diamond particle detectors
Authors: Hoarau C. , Bosson G. , Bouly J.-L. , Curtoni S. , Dauvergne D. , Everaere P. , Gallin-Martel M.-L. , Marcatili S. , Muraz J.-F. , Portier A. , Rosuel N.
Published: April 2021

This article introduces a design of a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), for the field of diamond particle detectors. This amplifier is described from simulation to measurements, which include pulses from α particles detection. In hadron therapy, with high-frequency pulsed particle beams, the diamond detector is a promising candidate for beam monitoring and time-stamping, with prerequisite of fast electronics. The LNA is designed with surface mounted components and RF layout techniques to control costs and to allow timing performance suitable for sub-nanosecond edges of pulses. Also this amplifier offers the possibility of high voltage biasing, a characteristic essential for driving diamond detectors. Finally the greatest asset of this study is certainly the minimization of the power consumption, which allows us to consider designs with multiple amplifiers, in limited space, for striped diamond detectors.
Combined heat and drought suppress rainfed maize and soybean yields and modify irrigation benefits in the USA
Authors: Luan Xiangyu , Bommarco Riccardo , Scaini Anna , Vico Giulia
Published: April 2021

Heat and water stress can drastically reduce crop yields, particularly when they co-occur, but their combined effects and the mitigating potential of irrigation have not been simultaneously assessed at the regional scale. We quantified the combined effects of temperature and precipitation on county-level maize and soybean yields from irrigated and rainfed cropping in the USA in 1970–2010, and estimated the yield changes due to expected future changes in temperature and precipitation. We hypothesized that yield reductions would be induced jointly by water and heat stress during the growing season, caused by low total precipitation (P
GS) and high mean temperatures (T
GS) over the whole growing season, or by many consecutive dry days (CDD
GS) and high mean temperature during such dry spells (T
CDD) within the season. Whole growing season (T
GS, P
GS) and intra-seasonal climatic indices (T
CDD, CDD
GS) had comparable explanatory power. Rainfed maize and soybean yielded least under warm and dry conditions over the season, and with longer dry spells and higher dry spell temperature. Yields were lost faster by warming under dry conditions, and by lengthening dry spells under warm conditions. For whole season climatic indices, maize yield loss per degree increase in temperature was larger in wet compared with dry conditions, and the benefit of increased precipitation greater under cooler conditions. The reverse was true for soybean. An increase of 2 °C in T
GS and no change in precipitation gave a predicted mean yield reduction across counties of 15.2% for maize and 27.6% for soybean. Irrigation alleviated both water and heat stresses, in maize even reverting the response to changes in temperature, but dependencies on temperature and precipitation remained. We provide carefully parameterized statistical models including interaction terms between temperature and precipitation to improve predictions of climate change effects on crop yield and context-dependent benefits of irrigation.
Extreme wet events as important as extreme dry events in controlling spatial patterns of vegetation greenness anomalies
Authors: Famiglietti Caroline A , Michalak Anna M , Konings Alexandra G
Published: April 2021

Understanding plant responses to hydrological extremes is critical for projections of the future terrestrial carbon uptake, but much more is known about the impacts of drought than of extreme wet conditions. However, the latter may control ecosystem-scale photosynthesis more strongly than the former in certain regions. Here we take a data-driven, location-based approach to evaluate where wet and dry extremes most affect photosynthesis. By comparing the sensitivity of vegetation greenness during extreme wetness to that during extreme dryness over a 34 year record, we find that regions where the impact of wet extremes dominates are nearly as common as regions where drought impacts dominate. We also demonstrate that the responses of wet-sensitive regions are not uniform and are instead controlled by multiple, often interacting, mechanisms. Given predicted increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme hydrological events with climate change, the consequences of extreme wet conditions on local and global carbon cycling will likely be amplified in future decades.
Study on experimental evaluation method of improvement of over-wet complex soil by cement
Authors: Wei Li , Pan Desheng , Yan Zhiming , Wei Yu , Zhou Zehua
Published: April 2021

In order to ensure the over-wet complex soil excavated from Xinxu River Project in Nanning city of Guangxi Province can be used to fill the surrounding road embankment, cement soil specimens were prepared by adding different dosage of cement. The author studied the influence of cement contents on test evaluation method of improved soil by preparing the cement soil specimens and carrying out the comparative tests of CBR, cube and cylinder unconfined compressive strength. The experimental results show that the CBR test has high sensitivity to cement content and good strength correlation, should be selected for the evaluation method of cement stabilized over-wet complex soil. It is suggested that the improved soil with 3% ∼ 5% cement content should be used as the embankment filler under the road by taking the economy into consideration.
Defect Detection and Cause Analysis of Steel Tube Tunnel in Storage Power Station
Authors: Yuan Ganglie , Wu Peng , Che Ailan
Published: April 2021

Defects of draft tube such as void between steel liner and concrete will be formed for the influence of complex environment, resulting in the reduction of its bearing capacity. According to the characteristics of draft tube defects, a fast testing and evaluation method for draft tube structural defects was proposed combined with elastic wave imaging method. Taking the draft tube of a storage power station in Fujian Province as the research target, the field test was carried out using elastic wave test. Combined with waveform visualization and K-means clustering analysis method, the image recognition method was proposed, and defect types and distribution of the draft tube were obtained. Compared with results of the three-dimensional scanning, there is good consistency in the distribution of defects. An analysis was performed on the circumferentially coalescence area of the voids, and it is found that the load-bearing capacity of the draft tube in this area is reduced, the pressure it bears is greater than its own resistance, forming several cavities with large deformation.
Research on Spatial and Temporal Pattern Evolution of Large Color Steel Building in Yinchuan
Authors: Song He , Yang Shuwen , Gao Liya
Published: April 2021

Based on the large color steel building data of Yinchuan in 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2019, this paper uses standard deviation ellipse, kernel density estimation, nearest neighbor index and multi-distance spatial clustering method to explore the clustering characteristics and spatial-temporal pattern evolution of large color steel building in Yinchuan. The results show that :(1) from 2005 to 2019, the spatial distribution direction of large color steel building in yinchuan presents a stable “northwest to southeast” direction, and the center of gravity has been shifted to the southwest, with the transfer distance becoming smaller and smaller.(2) With 4 national and provincial industrial parks as the core cluster areas, the cluster features are obvious. As time goes on, it spreads to the periphery and tends to stabilize.(3) All the four periods presented condensed distribution and gradually weakened agglomeration. In 2010, the agglomeration intensity and agglomeration scope reached the peak, which were significantly improved compared with 2005, but they were roughly the same and gradually weakened after 2015.
“Soviet suburbia”
Authors: Churakov S K
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the applicability of the term “suburbia” to the mass housing development in the USSR in the 60-70s of the XX century. For this, the main features of suburbia are formulated as a phenomenon manifested in different cultures. The first of them is an ideological model that determines the peculiarities of the lifestyle in the suburbs and acts as the main city-forming and formative factor.

Being a special type of development of non-urban areas, suburbia is primarily determined by the type of the settlement, and not by the features of space-planning or urban planning solutions. From this point of view, suburbia is a mono-territory with a simplified approach to solving social, functional and planning tasks.

Being the product of a design approach which does not rely on the historical tradition of the surrounding landscape development, suburbia is not a self-sufficient territorial entity, being a part of the city “orbit” as an element of the network structure with its own complex structure of economic, social, cultural and other kinds of connections. Replacing the suburbs or suburban settlements in the vicinity of the city, the suburbia loses their properties as elements of the settlement network.

One of the main typological signs of suburbia is the massive, typical character of construction and urban planning solutions. At the same time, it is interpreted as the main place of residence of socially homogeneous population, the so-called “middle class”, defined not by local traditions, but by the standards of the mass consumers.

As a consequence of this approach, both in the American and Soviet versions of the suburbs of the 60-70s there are no complex zoning and functional density, no possibility of choice both in the typology of urban spaces and socially significant objects, no natural landscape and microlandscape identity.
Performative“ capitals: developing the capital of the capital city of Jerusalem
Authors: Ostapenko G I , Okunev I Y
Published: April 2021

The article continues a new page in political geography related to the use of performative rules in the interpretation of spatial phenomena. The capital, in our case Jerusalem, as the brightest embodiment of spatial relations in the state, from the standpoint of performativity will be presented as a special symbolic system that contributes to the capital growth of the capital, which will allow deconstructing this phenomenon in a new and original way.

The case of Jerusalem appears through the prism of the manifestation of the capital of the capital. A performative approach to the capital city opens up new possibilities for interpreting the essential features of the symbolic and real capital.
Optimization and wear characteristics of TiAlN coated carbide when machining hardened high thermal conductivity (HTCS-150) die steel.
Authors: Abu Bakar Hadzley , Azhar Anis Afuza , Wahab Norfariza Ab , Azlan Umar Amani , Rashid Mohd Fairuz , Herawan Safarudin Gazali
Published: April 2021

High Thermal Conductivity Steel-150 (HTC-150) is a specific steel designed for use in the hot stamping process as a stamping die. HTCS-150 die steel was difficult to machine due to its high strength, hardened state, and high thermal conductivity characteristics, which necessitated parameter control for a fine surface finish and maximum tool life. The characteristics of tool wear when machining HTCS-150 hardened steel (52 HRC) with a ball nose end mill TiAlN coated carbide insert is presented in this study. Cutting speed, feed rate, and axial depth of cut have all been varied in machining trials. Response surface methodology experimental design was used to create a parametric optimisation model. The results indicate that the model develops an accurate prediction, with comparisons between measured and expected results suggesting that the model operates within the 90% prediction interval with an error of less than 10%. The lowest tool wear was achieved at 130 m min−1 cutting speed, 0.4 mm/tooth feed rate, and 0.1 mm axial depth of cut, according to the optimisation results. The most influenced cutting parameters were found to be feed rate and depth of cut, followed by cutting speed. The wear surface texture analysis revealed coating delamination, adhesion, built-up edge formation, and tool edge chipping. The findings of this experimental study can be used to machine the HTCS-150 for the longest possible tool life while maintaining a fine surface finish.
Influence of heat treatment on the microstructure and corrosion properties of the Inconel-625 clad deposited by microwave heating
Authors: Singh Gurbhej , Vasudev Hitesh , Bansal Amit , Vardhan Sachit
Published: April 2021

The present work explores the viability of using the microwave heating technique to apply Inconel-625 cladding to a stainless steel (SS-316) substrate. As-deposited clad specimens were subjected to various post-heat-treatments. These treatments included (1) a direct-aged (DA) treatment (2) solution at 981 °C followed by a DA treatment (981SHT) (3) solution at 1081 °C followed by DA treatment (1081SHT). Clad specimens displayed a gradual change in microstructure from planar to cellular to the dendritic depending upon the cooling rate experienced by the molten clad powder during the microwave cladding process. Due to precipitation of hardening particles (γ′), the heat-treated clad specimens displayed superior hardness than as-deposited clad specimen. In the interdendritic spaces/grain boundaries, heat-treatment at 981 °C induces a major reduction in the size of Laves process with a needle precipitation of δ (Ni3Nb) phase. Meanwhile, the heat-treatment at 1081 °C nearly dissolved the entire Laves phase in the microstructure. The corrosion test revealed that the coated samples at all conditions exhibit around 2 to 2.5 times more noble corrosion potential (corrosion resistance) than the uncoated samples. Moreover, the corrosion resistance of the post-treated sample decreases dramatically than that of the as-deposited clad sample, as heat-treatment improved the precipitate phase formation.
A multiscale insight into the growth of h-BN: effect of the enclosure
Authors: Ji Yanzhou , Momeni Kasra , Chen Long-Qing
Published: April 2021

There is a lack of knowledge on the fundamental growth mechanisms governing the characteristics of 2D materials synthesized by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique and their correlation with experimentally controllable parameters, which hindered their wafer-scale synthesis. Here, we pursued an analytical and computational approach to access the system states that are not experimentally viable to address these critical needs. We developed a multiscale computational framework correlating the macroscale heat and mass flow with the mesoscale morphology of the as-grown 2D materials by solving the coupled system of heat/mass transfer and phase-field equations. We used hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) as our model material and investigated the effect of substrate enclosure on its growth kinetics and final morphology. We revealed a lower concentration with a more uniform distribution on the substrate in an enclosed-growth than open-growth. It leads to a more uniform size distribution of the h-BN islands, consistent with existing experimental investigations.
Recrystallisation before austenitization for improved microstructure and properties in automotive steel sheets with high product of strength and elongation
Authors: Huang Fei , Zhang Heng , Qi Jialin , Chen Qiwei , Ding Hanlin
Published: April 2021

This study investigated the effect of recrystallization before austenitizing transformation (i.e., pre-recrystallization) on the microstructure and properties of 22Mn2Cr cold-rolled automotive steel sheets based on continuous annealing at 700 °C for various holding times. Subsequently, the samples were heated to an austenitizing temperature of ∼850 °C, which led to the formation of a fine austenite grains via nucleation at the dislocations during reheating. The austenite grain size was more refined when samples were pre-recrystallized at 700 °C for several minutes compared to those directly heated to 850 °C, which was attributed to combined grain refinement from recrystallization and austenite phase transformation. This refined austenite grain size led to a finer bainite grain size in the cooled final product. The strength of the steel decreased slightly (∼1200 MPa), but the elongation (∼19%) and product of strength and elongation (∼23 GPa%) were significantly enhanced by the pre-recrystallization treatment.
Optimizing entanglement generation and distribution using genetic algorithms
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Francisco , Torres-Knoop Ariana , Coopmans Tim , Maier David , Wehner Stephanie
Published: April 2021

Long-distance quantum communication via entanglement distribution is of great importance for the quantum internet. However, scaling up to such long distances has proved challenging due to the loss of photons, which grows exponentially with the distance covered. Quantum repeaters could in theory be used to extend the distances over which entanglement can be distributed, but in practice hardware quality is still lacking. Furthermore, it is generally not clear how an improvement in a certain repeater parameter, such as memory quality or attempt rate, impacts the overall network performance, rendering the path toward scalable quantum repeaters unclear. In this work we propose a methodology based on genetic algorithms and simulations of quantum repeater chains for optimization of entanglement generation and distribution. By applying it to simulations of several different repeater chains, including real-world fiber topology, we demonstrate that it can be used to answer questions such as what are the minimum viable quantum repeaters satisfying given network performance benchmarks. This methodology constitutes an invaluable tool for the development of a blueprint for a pan-European quantum internet. We have made our code, in the form of NetSquid simulations and the smart-stopos optimization tool, freely available for use either locally or on high-performance computing centers.
Global asymptotic stability for Gurtin-MacCamy’s population dynamics model
Authors: Ma Zhaohai , Magal Pierre
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we investigate the global asymptotic stability of an age-structured population dynamics model with a Ricker’s type of birth function. This model is a hyperbolic partial differential equation with a nonlinear and nonlocal boundary condition. We prove a uniform persistence result for the semiflow generated by this model. We obtain the existence of global attractors and we prove the global asymptotic stability of the positive equilibrium by using a suitable Lyapunov functional. Furthermore, we prove that our global asymptotic stability result is sharp, in the sense that Hopf bifurcation may occur as close as we want from the region global stability in the space of parameter.
VIII—Gambling on Others and Relying on Others
Authors: Cornell Nicolas
Published: April 2021

Gambling on another person and relying on another person are similar but intuitively distinct phenomena. This paper argues that gambling is distinguished by the stance that it necessarily involves towards the bet-upon conduct. It then contends that, where one has gambled upon the conduct of another, one has no standing to complain against that person for losses that result. This small point may have significant implications for how we think about speculative economic losses.
O12: IHC ANALYSIS OF RESIDUAL DISEASE POST NEOADJUVANT TRASTUZUMAB FOR EARLY STAGE BREAST CANCER REVEALS ER/HER2 CROSSTALK THROUGH INCREASED ER SIGNALLING
Authors: Flanagan M , Varšlija D , Charmsaz S , Purcell S , Cosgrove N , Cocchiglia S , Bane F , Sheehan K , Hill AD , Young LS
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Therapeutic pressure functionally affects oncogenes and related signalling pathways through dynamic alterations in transcriptional and epigenetic alterations. Altered receptor status occurs throughout tumour progression and may be influenced by adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapies. Recurrent transcriptional remodelling events have been described in the progression of primary breast cancer to metastasis, including increased tyrosine kinase signalling, specifically Her2, and loss of ESR1 gene expression. We hypothesise that in the setting of tyrosine kinase inhibition, an increase in estrogen receptor (ER) signalling is observed.

Method

A database of patients recruited to ICORG trial 07/09 was queried to identify patients with histologically confirmed, Her2-overexpressing or Her2 amplified, nonmetastatic, invasive breast cancer who received neoadjuvant trastuzumab, alone or in combination with neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy. Clinicopathological characteristics recorded include age at diagnosis, clinical stage, receptor status and percentage positivity, and pathological complete response.

Result

A total of 55 patients identified on ICORG trial 09/07 received neoadjuvant trastuzumab. Of these, 27 achieved a complete pathological response (49%; n=27/55). In those with residual disease, a gain in mean ER staining percentage positivity was observed in the residual disease compared to diagnostic biopsy staining (59.22 vs 45.11; p=0.03). A corresponding loss in Her2 percentage staining positivity was also observed (p=0.006).

Conclusion

An inverse correlation was observed between loss of Her2 positivity and percentage gain in ER staining in patients with residual disease following treatment with neoadjuvant trastuzumab. Further study is needed to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of ER/Her2 crosstalk, which may be epigenetically regulated through DNA methylation.

Take-home message

ER/Her2 crosstalk can be demonstrated clinically in IHC analysis of patients with residual disease post neoadjuvant trastuzumab. Tyrosine kinase inhibition in the form of neoadjuvant trastuzumab results in loss of Her2 signalling and corresponding gain in ER signalling.
O25: TARGETING THE RENAL TUBULAR EPITHELIUM WITH ANTI-MIRNA THERAPY: A POTENTIAL MECHANISM FOR MINIMISING ISCHAEMIA REPERFUSION INJURY
Authors: Irwin E , Thompson E , Tingle S , Ezuma P , Matthews L , Bates L , Shuttleworth V , Ali S , Sheerin N , Wilson C
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is an unavoidable, significant consequence of renal transplantation. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate multiple downstream mRNA targets. MiRNA-21-5p and miRNA-24-3p have been previously implicated in IRI. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) block specific microRNAs, with previous work by our group demonstrating their delivery to kidneys using normothermic machine perfusion. Imaging these kidneys revealed ASO localisation around proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs). This project aimed to characterise ASO blockade against miRNA-21-5p and miRNA-24-3p in PTECs.

Method

HKC8 cells, a human PTEC cell line, were used throughout these experiments. Cells were placed in a hypoxic incubator for 24hrs, followed by 6hrs of reoxygenation to mimic IRI. HKC8s were transfected with ASOs using lipofectamine. RT-qPCR and Western Blots were used to evaluate expression of antioxidant targets, SOD2 and HMOX1.

Result

MiRNA-21-5p and miRNA-24-3p levels were high throughout hypoxia and reoxygenation. Single blockade with anti-miRNA-21-5p resulted in a significant increase in its downstream target SOD2 (P<0.05). Anti-miRNA-24-3p treatment resulted in no change in either of its downstream targets, HMOX1 or SOD2. This was reflected in the failure of dual blockade to produce a synergistic effect on the shared target, SOD2.

Conclusion

Anti-miRNA-21-5p results in a significant increase of SOD2, which is well characterised as protective during IRI. Anti-miRNA-24-3p appears to have no effect on PTECs, contrary to previous work in endothelial cells, perhaps suggesting a cell specific response of microRNAs. Normothermic machine perfusion could be used to deliver dual ASOs; allowing simultaneous targeting of different kidney cell types.

Take-home message

The delivery of anti-miRNA-21-5p therapy pre-transplant, using normothermic machine perfusion, has the potential to reduce ischaemia reperfusion injury and improve kidney transplant outcomes.
O27: MICROGLIAL CORRECTION AFTER FETAL THERAPY WITHOUT CONDITIONING IN MICE WITH MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS TYPE VII
Authors: Nguyen Quoc-Hung , Witt Russell G , Bowen Wang , Eikani Carlo , Shea Jeremy , Smith Lucas K , Boyle Gabrielle , Cadaoas Jaclyn , Sper Renan , MacKenzie John D , Villeda Saul , MacKenzie Tippi C
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Mucopolysaccharidosis type 7 (MPS7) is a lysosomal storage disorder typically fatal in utero. Postnatal enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) to replace missing glucuronidase (GUS) does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We investigated whether in utero ERT (IUERT) specifically targets brain microglia (natural GUS storehouses and key brain inflammation mediators) and whether in utero hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (IUHSCT) results in microglial engraftment as a strategy for permanent correction.

Methods

We performed IUERT by injecting GUS into MPS7 fetuses mid-gestation, and analyzed tissue homogenates (via colorimetric substrate) and brain microglia (via flow cytometry) for enzyme activity after 4-7 days. We performed IUHSCT by transplanting HSCs mid-gestation from CX3CR1-GFP donors. We examined blood, bone marrow, and brain for engraftment. We assessed brain inflammation by staining for CD68. We performed RNA sequencing to characterize engrafted microglia.

Results

IUERT resulted in detectable brain GUS activity. Flow cytometry showed that GUS activity after IUERT was near wild-type levels, and brains harvested in adulthood had decreased inflammation via CD68 immunohistochemistry. IUHSCT resulted in multilineage engraftment of hematopoietic cells in blood and bone. Confocal microscopy revealed multifocal engraftment of donor-derived microglia. RNA sequencing indicated that engrafted microglia were nearly identical to endogenous microglia. MPS7 chimeras had evidence of reduced brain inflammation near donor microglia.

Conclusion

Both IUERT and IUHSCT are complementary treatment modalities that can penetrate the BBB and ameliorate neurologic manifestations of diseases such as MPS7. These results lay the foundation for future studies using in utero molecular therapies for MPS7 as well as other storage disorders.
O50: DEVELOPMENT OF A PATIENT-DERIVED TUMOUR ORGANOIDS FROM METASTATIC BREAST CANCER FOR ASSESSMENT OF NOVEL CLINICALLY ACTIONABLE TARGETS
Authors: Jagust P , Varešlija D , Cocchiglia S , O'Haloran PJ , Dablouk MO , Brett FM , Cryan J , Beausang A , Hudson L , Hill ADK , Young L
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is the main source of mortality in breast cancer patients largely due to lack of effective treatments. Our previous results suggest that tumour transcriptional heterogeneity drives therapy resistance and cancer relapse. While traditional in vitro human cancer cell line models have been widely used for disease modelling, they do not faithfully recapitulate the pathophysiology of MBC.

Method

In this study we developed patient-derived tumour organoid cultures from frozen patient-derived (PDX) models of MBC. Using those models we performed preclinical drug screening of investigational and FDA approved therapeutics previously uncovered by us as potentially clinically actionable in MBC.

Result

Our results reveal high heterogeneity in the responses to various targeted therapies among tested MBC organoids, which makes them a valuable tool for studying intra-tumor heterogeneity and drug response. Moreover, drug screening identified a divergent set of the breast to brain metastatic MBC organoids that showed high sensitivity to a new class of tyrosine kinase receptors, RET.

Conclusion

Taken together, our novel MBC models and methodology applied here provides an important modelling tool to assess the contribution of intra-tumour heterogeneity and microenvironment to drug response as they recapitulate the cellular, structural and biochemical complexity previously observed in our genomic characterisation of MBCs. Application of this type of translational research will enhance the development of new targeted precision medicine strategies and prelude stratification for clinical trials. Abbreviations MBC- Metastatic Breast Cancer; PDX- Patient-Derived Xenografts; FDA- Food and Drug Administration; RET- Receptor Tyrosine Kinase

Take-home message

Patient-derived tumour organoid cultures provide an important modelling tool to assess the contribution of intra-tumour heterogeneity and microenvironment to drug response as they recapitulate the cellular, structural and biochemical complexity previously observed in genomic characterisation of metastatic breast cancer.

SURGICAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING