bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A abordagem das capacidades: uma alternativa na avaliação do programa bolsa família
Authors: Juliano Maíra Cabral , Alves Helio Ricardo do Couto
Published: July 2016

O artigo sugere um instrumental teórico-metodológico para a avaliação do Programa Bolsa Família, a partir da abordagem das capacidades de Amartya Sen. Pergunta-se: como conceitos-chave, tais como capacidade, conjunto capacitário e funcionamentos podem servir à apreciação dos resultados da política pública, de modo a medir sua efetividade? Buscamos responder à questão através da revisão das principais obras em que o autor desenvolve sua teoria da justiça e do desenvolvimento, relacionando seus conceitos centrais com os objetivos avaliativos da política pública em questão. Ao abordar a igualdade de oportunidades num nível substantivo, a teoria seniana pode oferecer categorias de análise robustas para julgar a qualidade dos resultados produzidos pelo programa, consistindo num aporte teórico-normativo condizente com expectativas de efetividade de políticas sociais. Nesse sentido, a abordagem contribui com a produção acadêmica da área, avançando em seus aspectos mais substanciais.
PINTO, J. M.; SOUZA, S. A. de. (Org). Para onde vai o dinheiro? Caminhos de descaminhos do financiamento da educação. São Paulo: Xamã, 2014.
Authors: Camargo Bruna Caroline
Published: July 2016

Resenha de  PINTO, J. M.; SOUZA, S. A. de. (Org). Para onde vai o dinheiro? Caminhos de descaminhos do financiamento da educação. São Paulo: Xamã, 2014.
Anthophyllite asbestos: state of the science review
Authors: Gaffney Shannon H. , Grespin Matthew , Garnick Lindsey , Drechsel Derek A. , Hazan Rebecca , Paustenbach Dennis J. , Simmons Brooke D.
Published: July 2016

Anthophyllite is an amphibole form of asbestos historically used in only a limited number of products. No published resource currently exists that offers a complete overview of anthophyllite toxicity or of its effects on exposed human populations. We performed a review focusing on how anthophyllite toxicity was understood over time by conducting a comprehensive search of publicly available documents that discussed the use, mining, properties, toxicity, exposure and potential health effects of anthophyllite. Over 200 documents were identified; 114 contained relevant and useful information which we present chronologically in this assessment. Our analysis confirms that anthophyllite toxicity has not been well studied compared to other asbestos types. We found that toxicology studies in animals from the 1970s onward have indicated that, at sufficient doses, anthophyllite can cause asbestosis, lung cancer and mesothelioma. Studies of Finnish anthophyllite miners, conducted in the 1970s, found an increased incidence of asbestosis and lung cancer, but not mesothelioma. Not until the mid‐1990s was an epidemiological link with mesothelioma in humans observed. Its presence in talc has been of recent significance in relation to potential asbestos exposure through the use of talc‐containing products. Characterizing the health risks of anthophyllite is difficult, and distinguishing between its asbestiform and non‐asbestiform mineral form is essential from both a toxicological and regulatory perspective. Anthophyllite toxicity has generally been assumed to be similar to other amphiboles from a regulatory standpoint, but some notable exceptions exist. In order to reach a more clear understanding of anthophyllite toxicity, significant additional study is needed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proton transfer rate‐equilibria in apolar aprotic solvents: a historical perspective
Authors: Sen Gupta Susanta K.
Published: July 2016

Low dielectric constant apolar aprotic solvents, although employed on a limited scale for studying proton transfer reactions as compared with commonly used polar protic or dipolar aprotic ones, offer some particular advantages, namely, specific solute–solvent interactions are virtually eliminated and proton transfer occurs directly in an apolar aprotic solvent. An intriguing feature of these reactions is their general acid‐catalyzed/base‐catalyzed kinetics with a time scale over microseconds to minutes. In fact, the true or intrinsic relative strengths of acids/bases when measured in such solvents come to the fore much more clearly than those obtained in other classes of solvents. Recently, a review documenting the post‐1980 developments relating to proton transfer reactions in apolar aprotic solvents has been published. The present article is a commentary of the pre‐1980 developments in this area since the 1920s Brønsted–Lowry's “proton cult” of acid–base theory. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unilateral Clearance for Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Selected Patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
Authors: Kluijfhout Wouter P. , Beninato Toni , Drake Frederick Thurston , Vriens Menno R. , Gosnell Jessica , Shen Wen T. , Suh Insoo , Liu Chienying , Duh Quan‐Yang
Published: July 2016

Background

Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common manifestation of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). Guidelines advocate subtotal parathyroidectomy (STP) or total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation due to high prevalence of multiglandular disease; however, both are associated with a significant risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism. More accurate imaging and use of intraoperative PTH levels may allow a less extensive initial parathyroidectomy (unilateral clearance, removing both parathyroids with cervical thymectomy) in selected MEN1 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study at a high‐volume tertiary medical center including patients with MEN1 and primary hyperparathyroidism, who underwent STP or unilateral clearance as their initial surgery from 1995 to 2015. Unilateral clearance was offered to patients who had concordant sestamibi and ultrasound showing a single enlarged parathyroid gland. For both the groups, we compared rates of persistent/recurrent disease and permanent hypoparathyroidism.

Results

Eight patients had unilateral clearance and 16 had STP. Subtotal parathyroidectomy patients were younger (37 vs 52 years). One patient in each group had persistent disease. One (13 %) unilateral clearance and five (31 %) STP patients had recurrent hyperparathyroidism after a mean follow‐up of 47 and 68 months (p = 0.62). No unilateral clearance patients and two of 16 SPT patients had permanent hypoparathyroidism (p = 0.54).

Conclusions

Some MEN1 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who have concordant localizing studies may be selected for unilateral clearance as an alternative to STP. For appropriately selected MEN1 patients, unilateral clearance can achieve similar results as STP and has no risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism, and may facilitate possible future reoperations.
Use of Cupriavidus basilensis-aided bioabatement to enhance fermentation of acid-pretreated biomass hydrolysates by Clostridium beijerinckii
Authors: Agu Chidozie Victor , Ujor Victor , Gopalan Venkat , Ezeji Thaddeus Chukwuemeka
Published: July 2016

Lignocellulose-derived microbial inhibitors (LDMICs) prevent efficient fermentation of Miscanthus giganteus (MG) hydrolysates to fuels and chemicals. To address this problem, we explored detoxification of pretreated MG biomass by Cupriavidus basilensis ATCC®BAA-699 prior to enzymatic saccharification. We document three key findings from our test of this strategy to alleviate LDMIC-mediated toxicity on Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 during fermentation of MG hydrolysates. First, we demonstrate that growth of C. basilensis is possible on furfural, 5-hydroxymethyfurfural, cinnamaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, syringaldehyde, vanillin, and ferulic, p-coumaric, syringic and vanillic acid, as sole carbon sources. Second, we report that C. basilensis detoxified and metabolized ~98 % LDMICs present in dilute acid-pretreated MG hydrolysates. Last, this bioabatement resulted in significant payoffs during acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation by C. beijerinckii: 70, 50 and 73 % improvement in ABE concentration, yield and productivity, respectively. Together, our results show that biological detoxification of acid-pretreated MG hydrolysates prior to fermentation is feasible and beneficial.
Fine root distributions and water consumption of alfalfa grown in layered soils with different layer thicknesses
Authors: Ren Lidong , Huang Mingbin
Published: July 2016

Although creation of layers with different textures in topsoil is known to increase available water holding capacity (AWHC) and plant survival, little is known about associations between the layers and fine root density (FRD) or water consumption. This study investigates the effects of alternating a coarse sand layer over a finer loess layer on alfalfa growth. Soils were packed into 90-cm long columns, either individually or in alternating layers. The three layered soils had layer thicknesses of 11.25, 22.5 or 45cm. Soils were saturated, allowed to drain freely and the AWHC was determined. Alfalfa, sown in the columns, grew for 15 days before an irrigation regime was applied to all columns. The net photosynthetic rate (PN) and profile soil water content were measured during the three-month growing period. Shoot, root, and total dry biomass and FRD were measured after the experiment ended. The AWHC was considerably increased by decreasing the layer thickness. The FRD decreased with depth, and was greater in the loess than in the sand. Decreasing layer thickness increased FRD in the loess layers. Root and shoot growth, water consumption, transpiration and alfalfa biomass all increased in the layered soils relative to the homogeneous soils. Hence, alfalfa biomass increased in response to decreasing layer thickness. These results can be used to test and validate mining soil reclamation and/or arid agricultural water management practices in the field.
A perfectly matched layer for fluid-solid problems: Application to ocean-acoustics simulations with solid ocean bottoms
Authors: Xie Zhinan , Matzen René , Cristini Paul , Komatitsch Dimitri , Martin Roland
Published: July 2016

A time-domain Legendre spectral-element method is described for full-wave simulation of ocean acoustics models, i.e., coupled fluid-solid problems in unbounded or semi-infinite domains, taking into account shear wave propagation in the ocean bottom. The technique can accommodate range-dependent and depth-dependent wave speed and density, as well as steep ocean floor topography. For truncation of the infinite domain, to efficiently absorb outgoing waves, a fluid-solid complex-frequency-shifted unsplit perfectly matched layer is introduced based on the complex coordinate stretching technique. The complex stretching is rigorously taken into account in the derivation of the fluid-solid matching condition inside the absorbing layer, which has never been done before in the time domain. Two implementations are designed: a convolutional formulation and an auxiliary differential equation formulation because the latter allows for implementation of high-order time schemes, leading to reduced numerical dispersion and dissipation, a topic of importance, in particular, in long-range ocean acoustics simulations. The method is validated for a two dimensional fluid-solid Pekeris waveguide and for a three dimensional seamount model, which shows that the technique is accurate and numerically long-time stable. Compared with widely used paraxial absorbing boundary conditions, the perfectly matched layer is significantly more efficient at absorbing both body waves and interface waves.
System Engineering for Online Monitoring and Early Warning of Water Environment
Authors: Setiawan Foni Agus , Sudriani Yuli
Published: July 2016

Measurement activity usually performed at a time or in a certain time period. In the case of measurements at one time, measurements manually by visiting the location of measurements, take measurements and write them down, then left the location is not a problem. However, measurements made within a certain period of time or year would be verydraining, costly, and time consuming if perfomed manually. Thus, design and implementation of embedded system for online monitoring and early warning of water environment is proposed. The system consists of two parts i.e. monitoring stations (site) and monitoring center (server). A monitoring station is an embedded system that has interface with a logger. Monitoring center is a computer that runs the service that gets the data sent by the monitoring stations, process it and put it into the database. Monitoring center also runan http service to display data acquired from monitoring stations to end users both in tabular or graphical view . The system can perform continuous measurements and its results can be monitored remotely.
Efeito do peróxido de hidrogênio na permeabilidade dental
Authors: Ayres Ana Paula Almeida , Berger Sandrine Bittencourt , Carvalho Adriana Oliveira , Giannini Marcelo
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: Este trabalho avaliou o efeito de quatro agentes clareadores na permeabilidade dental. Dentes bovinos foram divididos em quatro grupos (n = 10). A permeabilidade inicial dos dentes foi determinada previamente ao clareamento, utilizando equipamento de permeabilidade. Em seguida, foram aplicados os géis clareadores e a permeabilidade novamente mensurada. Os resultados foram expressos em porcentagem de aumento da permeabilidade e os dados submetidos à análise estatística (ANOVA e teste Tukey). O Whiteness HP Maxx resultou em maior aumento de permeabilidade (145,7±76,3), quando comparado com Whiteness HP Blue (57,5±36,1) e Pola Office Plus (72,7±19,5). Esses produtos não apresentaram diferença estatística com relação ao Opalescence Boost PF (101,4±46,3). Todos os agentes clareadores testados aumentaram a permeabilidade. A intensidade desse aumento foi dependente do produto utilizado.
Oficina da história no ciberespaço
Authors: Lucchesi Anita
Published: July 2016

Obra resenhada: Maynard, Dilton Cândido Santos. Escritos sobre história e internet. Rio de Janeiro: Fapitec; Multifoco, 2011. 152p
“Esto es lo que me gusta y lo que voy a estudiar”: Un estudio cualitativo sobre la toma de decisiones académicas en bachillerato
Authors: Rodríguez Menéndez Mª del Carmen , Peña Calvo Jose Vicente , Inda Caro Mª de las Mercedes
Published: July 2016

Durante la educación secundaria los estudiantes comienzan a explorar las ocupaciones y expectativas profesionales, forman sus creencias de autoeficacia y consolidan sus intereses académicos. En este contexto, el artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación realizada en el Principado de Asturias para conocer las percepciones y opiniones que tienen los estudiantes de bachillerato y sus progenitores sobre las elecciones académicas realizadas en la educación secundaria, haciendo especial hincapié en los factores contextuales que pueden ayudar u obstaculizar el desarrollo de la carrera. Se ha usado una metodología cualitativa fundamentada en el uso de la técnica del grupo de discusión. Se han organizado cinco grupos de discusión con estudiantes y dos grupos con progenitores. El total de personas que participó en las entrevistas focales fue de 51 estudiantes y de 14 padres/madres. Los resultados obtenidos nos permiten concluir que el bachillerato sigue siendo considerado la puerta de acceso a la universidad y no a la formación profesional de grado superior. También se concluye que los estudiantes fundamentan sus decisiones académicas sobre la base de la preferencia y gusto personal por determinada opciones y esta razón prevalece sobre otras como las salidas profesionales o el rendimiento académico previo. Respecto a la influencia de distintos agentes sociales en el proceso de decisión académica, los resultados son concluyentes al afirmar que el principal apoyo de los estudiantes son sus progenitores, por encima del que perciben encontrar de docentes y grupo de iguales. El artículo finaliza con algunas sugerencias para mejorar la práctica de la orientación educativa en las instituciones de educación secundaria.
Current‐driven Langmuir oscillations and formation of wave packets via modulational instability: Relevance to STEREO observations
Authors: Sauer K. , Sydora R. D.
Published: July 2016

Recently, it has been shown that Langmuir oscillations (LOs) at the plasma frequency can be driven by an electron current without any electrostatic instability. This current may appear due to a (small) drift of the whole electron population against the ions or by beam electrons after their relaxation to a plateau‐like distribution. The consequences of LOs for nonlinear wave phenomena in this scenario are studied by means of kinetic plasma simulations. It is shown that the electric field of LOs can act as a pump wave and generate Langmuir envelope solitons via the modulational instability. In this way, both counterstreaming Langmuir and ion‐acoustic waves arise with the same wave number. For solar wind conditions the Doppler shift leads to the generation of satellite peaks with frequencies symmetric around the plasma frequency. Simultaneously, a peak appears in the ion‐acoustic branch. These results agree well with recent STEREO observations in the solar wind.
Refined modeling and 14C plateau tuning reveal consistent patterns of glacial and deglacial 14C reservoir ages of surface waters in low‐latitude Atlantic
Authors: Balmer Sven , Sarnthein Michael , Mudelsee Manfred , Grootes Pieter M.
Published: July 2016

Modeling studies predict that changes in radiocarbon (14C) reservoir ages of surface waters during the last deglacial episode will reflect changes in both atmospheric 14C concentration and ocean circulation including the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Tests of these models require the availability of accurate 14C reservoir ages in well‐dated late Quaternary time series. We here test two models using plateau‐tuned 14C time series in multiple well‐placed sediment core age‐depth sequences throughout the lower latitudes of the Atlantic Ocean. 14C age plateau tuning in glacial and deglacial sequences provides accurate calendar year ages that differ by as much as 500–2500 years from those based on assumed global reservoir ages around 400 years. This study demonstrates increases in local Atlantic surface reservoir ages of up to 1000 years during the Last Glacial Maximum, ages that reflect stronger trades off Benguela and summer winds off southern Brazil. By contrast, surface water reservoir ages remained close to zero in the Cariaco Basin in the southern Caribbean due to lagoon‐style isolation and persistently strong atmospheric CO2 exchange. Later, during the early deglacial (16 ka) reservoir ages decreased to a minimum of 170–420 14C years throughout the South Atlantic, likely in response to the rapid rise in atmospheric pCO2 and Antarctic temperatures occurring then. Changes in magnitude and geographic distribution of 14C reservoir ages of peak glacial and deglacial surface waters deviate from the results of Franke et al. (2008) but are generally consistent with those of the more advanced ocean circulation model of Butzin et al. (2012).
Bicriteria optimization approach to analyze incorporation of biofuel and carbon capture technologies
Authors: Öztürk Ali , Türkay Metin
Published: July 2016

Environmental considerations has become a central issue in the process industries. The energy sector attracts the majority of attention, since it is responsible from 83% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Although the renewable energy technologies are surging, fossil fuels are expected to continue dominating the sector for the next decades. Therefore, it is important to analyze the performance of emerging technologies that can be integrated into existing facilities, such as biofuels and carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies. In this article, we present a multi‐period bicriteria optimization model that represents traditional cogeneration processes and integrate biodiesel and CCS technologies. Then, the efficient set for the problem is obtained by using a novel two‐phase solution method. The results show that the modeling approach is effective in identifying the set of efficient solutions for the integration strategies of biodiesel and CCS technologies. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 3473–3483, 2016
Optimization and development of a high‐performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of vitamin E and carotenoids in tomato fruits
Authors: Irakli Maria , Chatzopoulou Paschalina , Kadoglidou Kalliopi , Tsivelika Nektaria
Published: July 2016

A simple and reliable high‐performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of lipophilic antioxidants in tomato fruits using C30 column operated at 15°C and a gradient mobile phase based on acetonitrile/methanol/dichloromethane in a total run time of 30 min. Diode array and fluorescence detectors were used respectively for the detection of carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and β‐carotene) and vitamin E analogs (α‐, β‐, γ‐, and δ‐tocopherols, and tocotrienols). The best extraction yield of analytes in tomato fruits was achieved by employing ethyl acetate/hexane (1:1, v/v) after several treatments with various solvents. In addition, low extraction yields were obtained for carotenoids compared to tocopherols by adopting solid‐phase extraction as a second clean‐up step. The method was validated on the basis of recovery, precision, linearity, and limit of detection and quantification using spiked tomato samples. The method was applied to cherry and medium‐sized tomato fruits. Lycopene was found to be present in largest amount in tomato pulp, followed by β‐carotene and lutein. Due to its simplicity, rapidity, and efficiency, the method is suitable for routine analysis of lipophilic antioxidants in tomato fruits, and may also be applied to other vegetables of similar phytochemical profiles.
Application of a computer‐assisted structure elucidation program for the structural determination of a new terpenoid aldehyde with an unusual skeleton
Authors: Li Xing‐Nuo , Ridge Clark D. , Mazzola Eugene P. , Sun Jianghao , Gutierrez Osvaldo , Moser Arvin , DiMartino Joseph C. , MacDonald Scott A. , Chen Pei
Published: July 2016

The structure of a novel compound from Adansonia digitata has been elucidated, and its 1H and 13C NMR spectra have been assigned employing a variety of one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional NMR techniques without degradative chemistry. The Advanced Chemistry Development ACD/Structure Elucidator software was important for determining part of this structure that contained a fused bicyclic system with very few hydrogen atoms, which in turn, exhibited essentially no discriminating HMBC connectivities throughout that portion of the molecule. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Contribution of General Reading Ability to Science Achievement
Authors: Reed Deborah K. , Petscher Yaacov , Truckenmiller Adrea J.
Published: July 2016

This study explored the relationship between the reading ability and science achievement of students in grades 5, 8, and 9. Reading ability was assessed with four measures: word recognition, vocabulary, syntactic knowledge, and comprehension (23% of all passages were on science topics). Science achievement was assessed with state criterion–referenced measures. Both the reading and the science measures included inference items. Using multiple‐group structural equation modeling, a general factor of reading ability (composed of the two specific factors of discourse comprehension and word comprehension) was found to account for 70% of the variance in grades 5 and 8 science performance and 64% of the variance in grade 9 science performance. Quantile regressions revealed that the relationship between reading and science was stable across ability levels at grade 5 and mostly stable at grade 8, with a slightly stronger relation for eighth graders at low levels of science ability. At grade 9, lower reading ability was more strongly associated with lower science performance, which was statistically significantly different from the comparatively weaker associations at higher ends. Taken together, results suggest that literacy is critical to learning and demonstrating knowledge of science concepts, regardless of ability level.
Immune-inspired search strategies for robot swarms
Authors: Fricke G. M. , Hecker J. P. , Cannon J. L. , Moses M. E.
Published: July 2016

Detection of targets distributed randomly in space is a task common to both robotic and biological systems. Lévy search has previously been used to characterize T cell search in the immune system. We use a robot swarm to evaluate the effectiveness of a Lévy search strategy and map the relationship between search parameters and target configurations. We show that the fractal dimension of the Lévy search which optimizes search efficiency depends strongly on the distribution of targets but only weakly on the number of agents involved in search. Lévy search can therefore be tuned to the target configuration while also being scalable. Implementing search behaviors observed in T cells in a robot swarm provides an effective, adaptable, and scalable swarm robotic search strategy. Additionally, the adaptability and scalability of Lévy search may explain why Lévy-like movement has been observed in T cells in multiple immunological contexts.
Picosecond to nanosecond dynamics provide a source of conformational entropy for protein folding
Authors: Stadler Andreas M. , Demmel Franz , Ollivier Jacques , Seydel Tilo
Published: July 2016

Myoglobin can be trapped in fully folded structures, partially folded molten globules, and unfolded states under stable equilibrium conditions.
Brønsted acid cocatalysis in photocatalytic intramolecular coupling of tertiary amines: efficient synthesis of 2-arylindols
Authors: Yuan Xiaoqian , Wu Xinxin , Dong Shupeng , Wu Guibing , Ye Jinxing
Published: July 2016

We report herein a highly efficient intramolecular coupling reaction of tertiary amines and ketones (α,β-unsaturated ketones) by using a Brønsted acid as a cocatalyst, affording 2-arylindols in good to excellent yields (up to 92%) under visible light irradiation at room temperature.
“From Tears to Transparency: A Conversation Can Change an Outcome. A Conversation Can Change a Life™”: Reflections From Patient Advocates
Authors: Wright (née Blackwell) Rebecca , Skolnik Patricia J. , Skolnik David M. , Grudzen Corita
Published: July 2016

The Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) consensus conference provided many platforms for patient advocates to share their experiences and demonstrate the powerful contribution they have to offer to the decision‐making process. One such platform was the presentation of a film “The Faces of Medical Error: From Tears to Transparency,” shared by Patricia (Patty) and David Skolnik. In this article the Skolniks build on their story shared at the SAEM consensus conference and panel discussion. They provide further insight drawn from 9 years of experience as advocates for patient safety, including their reflections on working with, training, and educating medical professionals, lawmakers, and consumers in shared decision making and informed consent.
Childhood psychopathology in children of women with eating disorders
Authors: Barona M. , Nybo Andersen A‐M. , Micali N.
Published: July 2016

Objective

We aimed to investigate the effect of maternal eating disorders (ED) on childhood psychopathology, early delays in cognitive, motor and language development, mother and child relationship, and child temperament in a community‐based cohort: the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC).

Method

Data were obtained prospectively on 48 403 children at 18 months and 46 156 children at 7 years. Data on cognitive, motor and language development, temperament and attachment were obtained at 18 months; data on child psychopathology were obtained at 7 years of age, using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Children of mothers with lifetime diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (AN, n = 931), lifetime diagnosis of bulimia nervosa (BN, n = 906) and both (AN & BN = 360) were compared to children of mothers without an ED (n = 46 206).

Results

Girls of women with lifetime AN had higher odds of having emotional problems, and girls of women with lifetime BN of having conduct problems compared with children of healthy women. Boys of women with lifetime AN had higher odds of total, emotional and conduct problems; boys of women with lifetime BN had higher odds of total, conduct, hyperactivity and peer difficulties compared to children of women without an ED. Boys of women with lifetime AN and BN had higher odds of total, emotional and peer problems compared to children of healthy women.

Conclusion

Maternal ED is associated with childhood psychopathology in both boys and girls. Boys seemed at higher risk for psychopathology in this sample. Associations between emotional disorders across genders in children of mothers with lifetime AN, and hyperactivity and peer difficulties in boys of mothers with lifetime BN confirm and extend previous findings and point to possible shared risk between ED and other psychopathology.
Radiographic localisation of the entheses of the equine stifle
Authors: Aldrich E. D. , Goodrich L. R. , Monahan M. K. , Conway J. D. , Valdés‐Martínez A.
Published: July 2016

Reason for performing study

Injury to the tendons and ligaments of the equine stifle is a common cause of lameness in horses. Individual radiographic localisation of each tendon and ligament of the stifle has not been previously reported or demonstrated in multiple radiographic projections.

Objective

To create a series of radiographs identifying the origins and/or insertions of the tendons and ligaments of the equine stifle.

Study design

Descriptive study of radiographic anatomy.

Methods

The location of all entheses were determined by gross dissection. The proximal tibia and fibula, distal femur, patella and menisci were isolated from one horse and used as a template. A series of 4 radiographs was obtained with each enthesis identified with barium paste. The radiographic landmarks for each enthesis were described and the best projection(s) for evaluation of each structure of interest identified.

Results

Forty‐eight radiographic images were produced that demonstrated the best radiographic projections to define each enthesis.

Conclusions

Radiography is the imaging modality most frequently used to evaluate the equine stifle. The images presented here will serve as a guide for evaluating radiographs of the equine stifle, particularly identifying avulsions and enthesopathies of ligamentous and tendinous origins and insertions.
Referral of young children to dental personnel by primary care nurses
Authors: Wigen TI , Wang NJ
Published: July 2016

Oral health promotion to young children is delivered by primary care nurses as part of general health promotion given to all children in Norway.

Objective

The objective was to evaluate established routines for referral of children by primary care nurses to the dental services and to study whether referred children younger than 3 years required contact with dental personnel.

Methods

All children referred by primary care nurses to the dental services in one county during one year were included. Primary care nurses referred children using criteria developed by dental personnel. At the dental clinic, anamnestic information, dental health and oral health behaviour of the referred children were registered.

Results

Altogether, 181 children were referred; 53% were younger than 3 years. The most frequent reasons for referral of children younger than 3 years were caries or dental plaque, and 34% had visible plaque accumulation and/or visible signs of caries. All referred children had at least one risk factor for caries. The referral reasons given by primary care nurses corresponded partly with findings at dental examination. The results indicated that 2% of the children younger than 3 years were referred to the dental services.

Conclusion

The results indicated that by using established referral routines, all children referred from well‐baby clinics to the dental services were caries risk children who required early contact with dental personnel. However, the low proportion of children in the studied population referred by primary care personnel may indicate under‐referral of children to the dental services.
A Feasible Unemployment‐Based Shock Absorber for the Euro Area
Authors: Brandolini Andrea , Carta Francesca , D'Amuri Francesco
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Based on theoretical insights, this article identifies the broad characteristics that a shock absorber based on unemployment should have in order to be incentive‐compatible and politically feasible. It then empirically derives the combination of activation thresholds, experience rating, eligibility criteria and benefit generosity which define the systems offering the highest stabilization for given levels of redistribution. The analysis suggests that the shock absorber should: (1) give rise to macro cross‐national transfers, mimicking those that would be generated by a notional euro‐wide unemployment benefit scheme of minimal coverage and generosity, (2) be activated by a trigger and (3) feature partial experience rating. The simulation results, confirmed by robustness checks, show that even systems that do not redistribute resources between countries can have a non‐negligible stabilization impact in the medium run. Low benefit take‐up rates in southern Europe reduce the stabilization properties and the size of the scheme.
Growth in Earnings and Health: Nothing is as Practical as a Good Theory
Authors: Avdic Daniel , Karlsson Martin
Published: July 2016

We discuss some issues associated with the empirical analysis of the relationship between socioeconomic status and health. We point out that, in addition to elaborate empirical modeling and good data, a conceptual framework is helpful both for making sense of one's own results and for the purpose of reconciling results across studies. We find that when we align the empirical specification with the Grossman model, a negative effect of income on health emerges. Even though this unexpected finding can be rationalized, we think that some caution regarding standard dynamic panel data techniques is warranted in this context.
Components of Online Shopping Attitude and the Effects of Website Design Characteristics
Authors: Hasan Bassam
Published: July 2016

Although attitude represents a multicomponent construct with cognitive, affective, and behavioural components, the concept of attitude has been applied to online shopping settings as a general concept without accentuating its underlying components. As a result, empirical findings reported in the literature regarding the antecedents and outcomes associated with online shopping attitude have been mixed and inconsistent. To provide better insights into online shopping attitude and its constituent dimensions, this study examines the structure of online shopping attitude and focusses on its cognitive, affective, and behavioural components. Moreover, to empirically test and validate the tripartite structure of online shopping attitude, this study examines the effects of website design characteristics on the three components of online shopping attitude. The results provide ample support for the multicomponent structure of online shopping attitude and offer valuable implications for practice and research in online shopping behaviour.
Physics-driven pattern adjustment for direct 3D garment editing
Authors: Bartle Aric , Sheffer Alla , Kim Vladimir G. , Kaufman Danny M. , Vining Nicholas , Berthouzoz Floraine
Published: July 2016

Designers frequently reuse existing designs as a starting point for creating new garments. In order to apply garment modifications, which the designer envisions in 3D, existing tools require meticulous manual editing of 2D patterns. These 2D edits need to account both for the envisioned geometric changes in the 3D shape, as well as for various physical factors that affect the look of the draped garment. We propose a new framework that allows designers to directly apply the changes they envision in 3D space; and creates the 2D patterns that replicate this envisioned target geometry when lifted into 3D via a physical draping simulation. Our framework removes the need for laborious and knowledge-intensive manual 2D edits and allows users to effortlessly mix existing garment designs as well as adjust for garment length and fit. Following each user specified editing operation we first compute a
target
3D garment shape, one that maximally preserves the input garment's style-its proportions, fit and shape-subject to the modifications specified by the user. We then automatically compute 2D patterns that recreate the target garment shape when draped around the input mannequin within a user-selected simulation environment. To generate these patterns, we propose a fixed-point optimization scheme that compensates for the deformation due to the physical forces affecting the drape and is independent of the underlying simulation tool used. Our experiments show that this method quickly and reliably converges to patterns that, under simulation, form the desired target look, and works well with different black-box physical simulators. We demonstrate a range of edited and resimulated garments, and further validate our approach via expert and amateur critique, and comparisons to alternative solutions.
Multiphase SPH simulation for interactive fluids and solids
Authors: Yan Xiao , Jiang Yun-Tao , Li Chen-Feng , Martin Ralph R. , Hu Shi-Min
Published: July 2016

This work extends existing multiphase-fluid SPH frameworks to cover solid phases, including deformable bodies and granular materials. In our extended multiphase SPH framework, the distribution and shapes of all phases, both fluids and solids, are uniformly represented by their volume fraction functions. The dynamics of the multiphase system is governed by conservation of mass and momentum within different phases. The behavior of individual phases and the interactions between them are represented by corresponding constitutive laws, which are functions of the volume fraction fields and the velocity fields. Our generalized multiphase SPH framework does not require separate equations for specific phases or tedious interface tracking. As the distribution, shape and motion of each phase is represented and resolved in the same way, the proposed approach is robust, efficient and easy to implement. Various simulation results are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of our new multiphase SPH framework, including deformable bodies, granular materials, interaction between multiple fluids and deformable solids, flow in porous media, and dissolution of deformable solids.
Entropic metric alignment for correspondence problems
Authors: Solomon Justin , Peyré Gabriel , Kim Vladimir G. , Sra Suvrit
Published: July 2016

Many shape and image processing tools rely on computation of correspondences between geometric domains. Efficient methods that stably extract "soft" matches in the presence of diverse geometric structures have proven to be valuable for shape retrieval and transfer of labels or semantic information. With these applications in mind, we present an algorithm for probabilistic correspondence that optimizes an entropy-regularized Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) objective. Built upon recent developments in numerical optimal transportation, our algorithm is compact, provably convergent, and applicable to any geometric domain expressible as a metric measure matrix. We provide comprehensive experiments illustrating the convergence and applicability of our algorithm to a variety of graphics tasks. Furthermore, we expand entropic GW correspondence to a framework for other matching problems, incorporating partial distance matrices, user guidance, shape exploration, symmetry detection, and joint analysis of more than two domains. These applications expand the scope of entropic GW correspondence to major shape analysis problems and are stable to distortion and noise.
Toward animating water with complex acoustic bubbles
Authors: Langlois Timothy R. , Zheng Changxi , James Doug L.
Published: July 2016

This paper explores methods for synthesizing physics-based bubble sounds directly from two-phase incompressible simulations of bubbly water flows. By tracking fluid-air interface geometry, we identify bubble geometry and topological changes due to splitting, merging and popping. A novel capacitance-based method is proposed that can estimate volume-mode bubble frequency changes due to bubble size, shape, and proximity to solid and air interfaces. Our acoustic transfer model is able to capture cavity resonance effects due to near-field geometry, and we also propose a fast precomputed bubble-plane model for cheap transfer evaluation. In addition, we consider a bubble forcing model that better accounts for bubble entrainment, splitting, and merging events, as well as a Helmholtz resonator model for bubble popping sounds. To overcome frequency bandwidth limitations associated with coarse resolution fluid grids, we simulate micro-bubbles in the audio domain using a power-law model of bubble populations. Finally, we present several detailed examples of audiovisual water simulations and physical experiments to validate our frequency model.
Rig animation with a tangible and modular input device
Authors: Glauser Oliver , Ma Wan-Chun , Panozzo Daniele , Jacobson Alec , Hilliges Otmar , Sorkine-Hornung Olga
Published: July 2016

We propose a novel approach to digital character animation, combining the benefits of tangible input devices and sophisticated rig animation algorithms. A symbiotic software and hardware approach facilitates the animation process for novice and expert users alike. We overcome limitations inherent to all previous tangible devices by allowing users to directly control complex rigs using only a small set (5-10) of physical controls. This avoids oversimplification of the pose space and excessively bulky device configurations. Our algorithm derives a small device configuration from complex character rigs, often containing hundreds of degrees of freedom, and a set of sparse sample poses. Importantly, only the most influential degrees of freedom are controlled directly, yet detailed motion is preserved based on a pose interpolation technique. We designed a modular collection of joints and splitters, which can be assembled to represent a wide variety of skeletons. Each joint piece combines a universal joint and two twisting elements, allowing to accurately sense its configuration. The mechanical design provides a smooth inverse kinematics-like user experience and is not prone to gimbal locking. We integrate our method with the professional 3D software Autodesk Maya
®
and discuss a variety of results created with characters available online. Comparative user experiments show significant improvements over the closest state-of-the-art in terms of accuracy and time in a keyframe posing task.
Rich360
Authors: Lee Jungjin , Kim Bumki , Kim Kyehyun , Kim Younghui , Noh Junyong
Published: July 2016

This paper presents Rich360, a novel system for creating and viewing a 360° panoramic video obtained from multiple cameras placed on a structured rig. Rich360 provides an as-rich-as-possible 360° viewing experience by effectively resolving two issues that occur in the existing pipeline. First, a deformable spherical projection surface is utilized to minimize the parallax from multiple cameras. The surface is deformed spatio-temporally according to the depth constraints estimated from the overlapping video regions. This enables fast and efficient parallax-free stitching independent of the number of views. Next, a non-uniform spherical ray sampling is performed. The density of the sampling varies depending on the importance of the image region. Finally, for interactive viewing, the non-uniformly sampled video is mapped onto a uniform viewing sphere using a UV map. This approach can preserve the richness of the input videos when the resolution of the final 360° panoramic video is smaller than the overall resolution of the input videos, which is the case for most 360° panoramic videos. We show various results from Rich360 to demonstrate the richness of the output video and the advancement in the stitching results.
Arginine and Caries Prevention: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ástvaldsdóttir Álfheiður , Naimi-Akbar Aron , Davidson Thomas , Brolund Agneta , Lintamo Laura , Attergren Granath Anna , Tranæus Sofia , Östlund Pernilla
Published: July 2016

Objectives: To evaluate the available evidence that the use of arginine-containing dental care products prevents the development of new caries lesions and the progression of existing lesions. Search Methods: We performed a systematic literature search of databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library and EMBASE. Selection Criteria: We selected randomized controlled trials of treatment with arginine in fluoride-containing dental products measuring dental caries incidence or progression in children, adults and elderly subjects. Data Collection and Analysis: Two review authors independently assessed trials for risk of bias and evaluated overall study quality using the GRADE classification. Main Results: Due to conflicts of interest and weak transferability to Swedish conditions, no conclusions can be drawn from studies on the effects of arginine-fluoride toothpaste in children. Arginine-containing toothpaste costs about 40% more than basic fluoride toothpaste; to determine whether it is more cost-effective, the higher cost must be considered in relation to any additional caries-preventive effect. The literature review also disclosed some questionable research ethics: in several of the studies, the children in the control group used non-fluoride toothpaste. Toothpaste without fluoride is not as effective against dental caries as the standard treatment - fluoride toothpaste - which has a well-documented effect. This contravenes the fundamental principles of research ethics. Conclusion: At present there is insufficient evidence in support of a caries-preventive effect for the inclusion of arginine in toothpastes. More rigorous studies, and studies which are less dependent on commercial interests, are required.
Cocurated Digital Culture: Machinima
Authors: Harwood Tracy
Published: July 2016

This article explores hybrid curatorial practices that have developed around digital “socio-techno-cultural” practices such as machinima. Machinima is a creative cultural movement that has evolved considerably since its emergence in 1996. The article highlights interrelated themes of curatorial practice: coevolving sense-making and social consumption; creative cognition and exploratory visualization; technologies as cultural intermediaries; social products, materialized expression and collective memory; capturing contexts through cocuration; and sustainability and stability of cultural capital. The article concludes that curation is a process of continually evolving interpretation of the artifact, representing shifts in the technology landscape, network of community members and audience interactions.