bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vagotomy and the risk of mental disorders: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Bunyoz Artemis H. , Christensen Rune H. B. , Orlovska‐Waast Sonja , Nordentoft Merete , Mortensen Preben B. , Petersen Liselotte V. , Benros Michael E.
Published: July 2021

Objective

To investigate vagotomy, the severance of the vagus nerve, and its association with mental disorders, as gut‐brain communication partly mediated by the vagus nerve have been suggested as a risk factor.

Methods

Nationwide population‐based Danish register study of all individuals alive and living in Denmark during the study period 1977–2016 and who had a hospital contact for ulcer with or without vagotomy. Follow‐up was until any diagnosis of mental disorders requiring hospital contact, emigration, death, or end of follow‐up on December 31, 2016, whichever came first. Data were analyzed using survival analysis and adjusted for sex, age, calendar year, ulcer type, and Charlson comorbidity index score.

Results

During the study period, 113,086 individuals had a hospital contact for ulcer. Of these, 5,408 were exposed to vagotomy where 375 (6.9%) subsequently developed a mental disorder. Vagotomy overall was not associated with mental disorders (HR: 1.10; 95%CI: 0.99–1.23), compared to individuals with ulcer not exposed to vagotomy. However, truncal vagotomy was associated with an increased HR of 1.22 (95%CI: 1.06–1.41) for mental disorders, whereas highly selective vagotomy was not associated with mental disorders (HR: 0.98; 95%CI: 0.84–1.15). Truncal vagotomy was also associated with higher risk of mental disorders when compared to highly selective vagotomy (p = 0.034).

Conclusions

Overall, vagotomy did not increase the risk of mental disorders; however, truncal vagotomy specifically was associated with a small risk increase in mental disorders, whereas no association was found for highly selective vagotomy. Thus, the vagus nerve does not seem to have a major impact on the development of mental disorders.
The impact of the Italian Space Agency on scientific knowledge: Evidence from academic publications
Authors: Vurchio Davide , Giunta Anna
Published: July 2021

Industrial and research activities in the space sector involve a heterogeneous group of actors such as private and public firms, universities, research institutes and space agencies, collaborating to different stages of missions’ realization. Such collaborations are associated to the creation of spillover effects, proxied in different ways, such as the number of patents recorded, post‐graduate students involved, spin‐off activities and co‐authored papers.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of the collaboration between universities /research institutes and the Italian Space Agency (ASI). To this aim, we focus on papers where the authors acknowledge grants received by ASI. We use data on publications and citations to capture the association between ASI funding of a large number of scientific articles published in the period 1989–2017 and the quality of research, proxied by the number of citations received.

By performing parametric estimates with multiple levels of fixed effects (year, author and coauthors fixed effects), we find that articles mentioning ASI in the funding information are associated to a higher citation impact with respect to articles not financially supported by ASI. Such result suggests a positive impact on the scientific community of public funds granted to universities and research institutes.
Repurposing existing therapeutics, its importance in oncology drug development: Kinases as a potential target
Authors: Islam Saiful , Wang Shudong , Bowden Nikola , Martin Jennifer , Head Richard
Published: July 2021

Repurposing the large arsenal of existing non‐cancer drugs is an attractive proposition to expand the clinical pipelines for cancer therapeutics. The earlier successes in repurposing resulted primarily from serendipitous findings, but more recently, drug or target‐centric systematic identification of repurposing opportunities continues to rise. Kinases are one of the most sought‐after anti‐cancer drug targets over the last three decades. There are many non‐cancer approved drugs that can inhibit kinases as “off‐targets” as well as many existing kinase inhibitors that can target new additional kinases in cancer. Identifying cancer‐associated kinase inhibitors through mining commercial drug databases or new kinase targets for existing inhibitors through comprehensive kinome profiling can offer more effective trial‐ready options to rapidly advance drugs for clinical validation. In this review, we argue that drug repurposing is an important approach in modern drug development for cancer therapeutics. We have summarized the advantages of repurposing, the rationale behind this approach together with key barriers and opportunities in cancer drug development. We have also included examples of non‐cancer drugs that inhibit kinases or are associated with kinase signalling as a basis for their anti‐cancer action.
Ethical aspects of facilitating the recruitment of people with dementia for clinical trials: A call for further debate
Authors: Soofi Hojjat
Published: July 2021

Under‐representation of people with dementia in clinical research remains a significant obstacle to develop evidence‐based practice guidelines and recommendation for dementia care and slows down the development of disease‐modifying pharmacological interventions. This is partly due to the ethical challenges and complexities of recruiting people with dementia for clinical trials. The traditional approach adopted by research ethics committees and regulatory bodies has been to protect people with dementia as a vulnerable population from harms of participating in research. There are concerns that this approach is unduly rigid, precludes the conduct of necessary research, and has exclusionary, paternalistic and discriminatory ramifications. As such, there are increasing calls to shift to a new hybrid facilitative/protective approach. This paper identifies 4 strategies to operationalise the facilitative/protective approach in the context of dementia research. These are: (i) embedding dementia research in clinical care; (ii) increasing the recruitment of people at preclinical stages of dementia; (iii) streamlined proxy consent procedures; and (iv) advance research consent. I note that all 4 strategies hold the promise of facilitating the recruitment of people with dementia in clinical research. Nonetheless, they give rise to a diverse range of new ethical concerns and issues. This necessitates further scholarly work to explore possible ways to address the ethical concerns and issues arisen by the uptake of protective/facilitative approach. In particular, further research is necessary to clarify, to what extent, the said strategies ameliorate or increase the vulnerability of people with dementia.
Trapped bodies, moving minds: Uncertainty and migration among marginalised urban youth in Ethiopia
Authors: Johnson Vicky , Getu Melese , Getachew Milki , Ahmed Amid , West Andy
Published: July 2021

This paper from YOUR World Research highlights and explores the role of positive uncertainty in lives, strategies and transitions towards adulthood of marginalised children and youth in two urban locations in Ethiopia. Young men and women embraced notions of positive uncertainty, making journeys to street situations and internationally in search of more hopeful futures. While youth navigate uncertainty positively in the short term, the research suggests this is temporal and their agency relational and embedded. They seek support from peers but still want to belong and be accepted by their families and communities.
Effect of dulaglutide 3.0 and 4.5 mg on weight in patients with type 2 diabetes: Exploratory analyses of AWARD‐11
Authors: Bonora Enzo , Frias Juan P. , Tinahones Francisco J. , Van Joanna , Malik Raleigh E. , Yu Zhuoxin , Mody Reema , Bethel Angelyn , Kwan Anita Y. M. , Cox David A.
Published: July 2021

Aim

To evaluate the impact of dulaglutide 3.0 and 4.5 mg versus 1.5 mg on body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) based on exploratory analyses of the AWARD‐11 trial.

Materials and Methods

Patients were randomized to once‐weekly dulaglutide 1.5 (n = 612), 3.0 (n = 616) or 4.5 mg (n = 614) for 52 weeks. The primary objective was superiority of dulaglutide 3.0 and/or 4.5 mg over 1.5 mg in HbA1c reduction at 36 weeks. Secondary and exploratory assessments included weight reduction in the overall trial population and baseline body mass index (BMI) and HbA1c subgroups.

Results

At baseline, patients had a mean age of 57.1 years, HbA1c 8.6% (70 mmol/mol), weight 95.7 kg and BMI 34.2 kg/m2. At 36 weeks, dulaglutide 3.0 and 4.5 mg were superior to 1.5 mg for weight change from baseline (1.5 mg, −3.1 kg; 3.0 mg, −4.0 kg [P = .001]; 4.5 mg, −4.7 kg [P < .001]). Higher dulaglutide doses were associated with numerically greater weight reduction compared with 1.5 mg in each baseline BMI and HbA1c subgroup. Absolute weight reduction increased with increasing BMI category, but percentage weight loss was similar between subgroups. Weight reductions with dulaglutide were greater in patients with lower versus higher baseline HbA1c.

Conclusions

In patients with T2D, inadequately controlled by metformin, incremental weight loss was observed with dulaglutide 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 mg doses regardless of baseline BMI or HbA1c. Although absolute weight loss was numerically greater in patients with higher baseline BMI, percentage of weight loss was similar between BMI subgroups.
Ca2+ signal contributing to jasmonic acid‐induced direct and indirect defense against the whitefly Bemisia tabaci in tomato plants
Authors: Liu Xin , Hussain Sabir , Xie Wen , Guo Zhaojiang , Wu Qingjun , Wang Shaoli , Liu Yong , Zhang Youjun
Published: July 2021

The phytophagous whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) causes serious crop yield losses around the world especially by vectoring viruses. Exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) induces direct plant resistance to B. tabaci, but the underlying mechanism of JA‐induced exogenous defenses is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that exogenous JA not only increases the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in tomato mesophyll cells but also induces the expression of Ca2+‐sensor genes and plant defense genes. Pre‐treatment with Ca2+ inhibitor (ruthenium red) significantly repressed the elevation of [Ca2+]cyt, expression of JA‐induced genes, and emission of plant volatiles induced by JA, thus reducing the JA‐induced direct (feeding choice and fitness of B. tabaci) and indirect [olfactory choice and parasitism by the parasitoid Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)] plant resistance to B. tabaci. These results indicate that the Ca2+ signal induced by JA mediates and directs the plants defenses against whitefly. Present results will not only give us a better understanding of how exogenous JA influences the crop community, but also deliver some clues for the potential application of exogenous JA, as a plant elicitor, in whitefly management.
Entomopathogenicity of fungi in combination with Ricinus communis extract for the control of Aleurocanthus woglumi
Authors: Barbosa Luiz Felipe Silva , Santos Ana Carla da Silva , Diniz Athaline Gonçalves , Alves Amanda Lucia , de Oliveira Antonio Fernando Morais , da Costa Antonio Félix , Tiago Patricia Vieira
Published: July 2021

Citrus is among the most important crops in the world, and has suffered losses of up to 80% due to the citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). The combined use of entomopathogenic fungi and plant extracts is a sustainable alternative to control this pest. The objectives of this study were to select entomopathogenic fungi to control A. woglumi and verify the insecticidal effect of the combined use of the selected fungi and aqueous extracts of castor bean leaves, Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae). Twenty fungal isolates obtained from field‐collected dead A. woglumi were identified and tested against the insect. Eight were identified as belonging to Fusarium incarnatum‐equiseti species complex, nine to Fusarium fujikuroi species complex, two to Cordyceps javanica (Bally) Kepler, B. Shrestha & Spatafora, and one to genus Akanthomyces. The five isolates that caused the maximum confirmed mortality were tested for compatibility with aqueous castor bean extract at 5, 10, and 20% (wt/vol) concentrations. Qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, glycoside flavonoids, saponins, and tannins in the castor bean extract. Most of the isolates studied caused high confirmed mortality of citrus blackfly. In the compatibility tests, Fusarium volatile Al‐Hatmi, Sand.‐Den., SA Ahmed & de Hoog and Fusarium proliferatum (Matsush.) Nirenberg ex Gerlach & Nirenberg combined with the 5% aqueous extract were the most suitable for testing against A. woglumi. Additive interactions were observed for the combined control agents. The highest value of confirmed mortality (98.2%) was observed for the combination of 5% aqueous castor bean extract and F. volatile (URM 8051), the efficacy of which should be confirmed by field tests.
Family adjustment to COVID‐19 lockdown in Italy: Parental stress, coparenting, and child externalizing behavior
Authors: Giannotti Michele , Mazzoni Noemi , Bentenuto Arianna , Venuti Paola , de Falco Simona
Published: July 2021

Evidence of psychological distress in families during COVID‐19 outbreak are arising. However, the perceived changes in psychological adjustment during home confinement with respect to the period before the pandemic have not been addressed yet. Moreover, little is known about the role of coparenting and specific COVID‐19 contextual variables on parental stress and children's behavioral difficulties in the Italian context. Using a cross‐sectional survey, we collected data on 841 Italian parents of children aged 3–11 years with typical development during the home confinement (20th April–18th May). We analyzed levels of parental stress, coparenting, and child externalizing behaviors before and during the home confinement. Additionally, hierarchical regressions were performed to investigate predictors of parental stress and child externalizing behaviors during the lockdown. Results showed that parental stress (especially in mothers) and child externalizing behaviors increased during the lockdown period. Coparenting was a strong predictor of parental stress, together with being a mother, younger child age, less time dedicated to the child, and scarce feasibility of remote working. Besides, child externalizing behaviors were predicted by male gender, less parental time dedicated to the child, higher parental stress, and child distance learning workload. Our findings indicate a negative impact of COVID‐19 lockdown in both parents and children, suggesting that positive coparenting and time dedicated to children may help to reduce the detrimental effect of pandemic restrictions on family adjustment.
LRRK2 recruitment, activity, and function in organelles
Authors: Bonet‐Ponce Luis , Cookson Mark R.
Published: July 2021

Protein coding mutations in leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) cause familial Parkinson’s disease (PD), and noncoding variations around the gene increase the risk of developing sporadic PD. It is generally accepted that pathogenic LRRK2 mutations increase LRRK2 kinase activity, resulting in a toxic hyperactive protein that is inferred to lead to the PD phenotype. LRRK2 has long been linked to different membrane trafficking events, but the specific role of LRRK2 in these events has been difficult to resolve. Recently, several papers have reported the activation and translocation of LRRK2 to cellular organelles under specific conditions, which suggests that LRRK2 may influence intracellular membrane trafficking. Here, we review what is known about the role of LRRK2 at various organelle compartments.
Determination of problems experienced during the COVID‐19 pandemic by individuals receiving hemodialysis treatment
Authors: Bulbul Elif , Dogan Pinar , Sendir Merdiye , Kaya Abdulsamed , Ozdemir Cevriye
Published: July 2021

Background

Patients receiving hemodialysis treatment are among the risk groups during the COVID‐19 pandemic. They must cope with many factors simultaneously like anxiety about being ill, social isolation, inadequate information about protective precautions, and the need to attend regular treatment.

Objectives

This study was performed with the aim of determining problems experienced by individuals receiving hemodialysis treatment during the pandemic.

Design

This was a descriptive and cross‐sectional type study.

Participants

The research included 234 patients receiving chronic hemodialysis treatment.

Measurements

For collection of data in the research, a patient descriptive information form and COVID‐19 phobia scale (CP19‐S) scale were used.

Results

Patients receiving hemodialysis treatment were determined to have high levels of compliance with individual precautions required during the pandemic. Of patients, 87.6% were determined to experience concern about bringing infection from the dialysis unit to family members. The mean total points for CP19‐S were 59.80 ± 14.49. Patients who were female, had low educational level, were not employed, had heart disease in addition to kidney failure, with hemodialysis age from 6 to 8 years, who did not want to go to the dialysis center and had not received education about the pandemic (p < 0.001) were identified to have high phobia at statistically significant levels.

Conclusions

Changes occurring in normal life and to hemodialysis treatment during the pandemic cause concern and anxiety in many patients. In this process, providing patients with education about the pandemic and protective methods is very important.
Five decades of the International Endodontic Journal: Bibliometric overview 1967–2020
Authors: Khan Abdul S. , Ur Rehman Shafiq , Ahmad Shakil , AlMaimouni Yara K. , Alzamil Manar A. S. , Dummer Paul M. H.
Published: July 2021

Aim

The International Endodontic Journal (IEJ) has served as a platform for research and clinical practice in Endodontics since 1967. This study provides a bibliographic analysis and overview of the publications that have appeared in the IEJ from 1967 to 2020.

Methodology

A literature search was performed in Elsevier's Scopus database to locate all the publications of the International Endodontic Journal. Various bibliometric software packages including the open‐source visualization software Gephi and Biblioshiny (version 2.0) were employed for data visualization and analysis.

Results

A total of 3739 records with citation and bibliographic details were selected and retrieved to allow a bibliometric analysis to be performed. The bibliometric analysis indicates that the IEJ has grown both in terms of productivity and influence. Over time, the journal has been associated with an increase in the number of manuscripts published and the citations they have attracted, but with minor downward fluctuations in citations in the last few years. Bibliographic coupling of the IEJ articles revealed that the major research themes published in the journal include ‘endodontics’, ‘root canal treatment’, ‘calcium hydroxide’, ‘apical periodontitis’, ‘mineral trioxide aggregate’, ‘microbiology’, ‘cyclic fatigue’, ‘cone‐beam computed tomography’ and ‘micro‐computed tomography’. Authors affiliated to institutions in the UK were the major contributors to the journal and were linked with other countries such as Brazil, USA and Malaysia. The largest number of publications were from the University of São Paulo, Brazil.

Conclusion

The IEJ is one of the leading journals in Endodontology and has been providing a platform for innovative research and clinical reports for more than 50 years. Publications have been associated with a wide range of authors, institutions and countries around the world.
Public justifications for the US minimum wage
Authors: Benton Mark
Published: July 2021

This research draws on four macroeconomic approaches to examine survey data, in order to understand how the US public justifies their positions on the US minimum wage. Using data collected from the 2018 Cooperative Congressional Election Study, survey responses are coded to understand the public's justifications for minimum wage in the United States. Findings show that respondents had myriad justifications for the minimum wage beyond economic justifications. Moreover, the justifications that people use to support their minimum wage positions seem to be more patterned with political than economic variables. Discussions about the minimum wage in the United States have tended to prioritise the minimum wage's effects on economic variables, but more recent theories consider the social and political implications of minimum wage policies. Policymakers and scholars should keep the political and social character of the minimum wage in the United States in mind, especially during contemporary rare moments of political institutional unity that allow for major shifts in minimum wage policy.
Hollow mesoporous silica capsules loaded with copper, silver, and zinc oxide nanoclusters for sustained antibacterial efficacy
Authors: Krakor Eva , Saniternik Sven , Gessner Isabel , Frohnhoven Robert , Wilhelm Michael , Drexelius Marco , Tosun Nurgül , Neundorf Ines , Mathur Sanjay
Published: July 2021

Intensive and overuse of antibiotics during the last years has triggered a distinct rise in antibiotic resistance worldwide. In addition to the newly developed antimicrobials, there is a high demand for alternative treatment options against persistent bacterial infections. The biocidal impact of metal ions like copper (Cu2+), silver (Ag+), and zinc (Zn2+), also known as the oligodynamic effect has been used for ages to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms and to employ long‐term prevention strategies against their biological antagonists. Herein, we report on the synthesis of Cu, Ag, and Zn metal and corresponding oxide nanoparticles immobilized on hollow mesoporous silica capsules (HMSCs) obtained by a hard‐template assisted sol‐gel synthesis followed by reduction of appropriate metal salts in the presence of HMSCs. Compartmentalization of nanosized metal and oxide clusters in Ag@HMSCs, Cu@HMSCs, and ZnO@HMSCs particles prevented their agglomeration and offered high release kinetics of metal ions between 2.0 and 3.7 mM during 24 h, as monitored by UV‐vis analyses. The distribution and morphology of pristine and metal functionalized HMSCs were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy analysis revealing the successful synthesis of Ag, Cu, and ZnO nanoparticles supported on HMSCs. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that mainly Cu(II), Ag(0), and Zn(II) species were present in the modified HMSCs. In addition to the surface attachment of preformed metal (Ag and Cu) and metal oxide (ZnO) cluster, nucleation of metal nanoparticles inside the void of HMSCs provided an internal reservoir which allowed for a time‐dependent release of metal ions through slower dissolution rates leading to a long‐term and sustained bacterial inhibition over several hours. The high antimicrobial efficiency of Ag@HMSCs, Cu@HMSCs, and ZnO@HMSCs particles was investigated toward both Gram‐positive (Bacillus subtilis) and Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria by INT assays showing a complete growth inhibition for both bacteria types after 24 h. While Ag@HMSCs and Cu@HMSCs showed a higher susceptibility against Gram‐negative bacteria, ZnO@HMSCs showed a higher susceptibility against Gram‐positive bacteria. This demonstrates the promise of metal‐loaded capsules as antibacterial delivery vehicles with dual‐mode time‐release profiles being potential alternatives for antibiotic drugs.
Phosphorylcholine antibodies restrict infarct size and left ventricular remodelling by attenuating the unreperfused post‐ischaemic inflammatory response
Authors: Pluijmert Niek J. , de Jong Rob C. M. , de Vries Margreet R. , Pettersson Knut , Atsma Douwe E. , Jukema J. Wouter , Quax Paul H. A.
Published: July 2021

Phosphorylcholine is a pro‐inflammatory epitope exposed on apoptotic cells, and phosphorylcholine monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies (PC‐mAb) have anti‐inflammatory properties. In this study, we hypothesize that PC‐mAb treatment reduces adverse cardiac remodelling and infarct size (IS) following unreperfused transmural myocardial infarction (MI). Unreperfused MI was induced by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery in hypercholesterolaemic APOE*3‐Leiden mice. Three weeks following MI, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging showed a reduced LV end‐diastolic volume (EDV) by 21% and IS by 31% upon PC‐mAb treatment as compared to the vehicle control group. In addition, the LV fibrous content was decreased by 27% and LV wall thickness was better preserved by 47% as determined by histological analysis. Two days following MI, CCL2 concentrations, assessed by use of ELISA, were decreased by 81% and circulating monocytes by 64% as assessed by use of FACS analysis. Additionally, local leucocyte infiltration determined by immunohistological analysis showed a 62% decrease after three weeks. In conclusion, the local and systemic inflammatory responses are limited by PC‐mAb treatment resulting in restricted adverse cardiac remodelling and IS following unreperfused MI. This indicates that PC‐mAb holds promise as a therapeutic agent following MI limiting adverse cardiac remodelling.
The subtype‐specific molecular function of SPDEF in breast cancer and insights into prognostic significance
Authors: Ye Ting , Li Jingyuan , Feng Jia , Guo Jinglan , Wan Xue , Xie Dan , Liu Jinbo
Published: July 2021

Breast cancer (BC) is a molecular diverse disease which becomes the most common malignancy among women worldwide. There are four BC subtypes (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2‐enriched and Basal‐like) robustly established following gene expression pattern‐based characterization, behave significant differences in terms of their incidence, risk factors, prognosis and therapeutic sensitivity. Thus, there is an urgent need to provide mechanism research, treatment strategies and/or prognosis evaluation based on the patient stratification of BC subtypes. The prostate‐derived ETS factor SPDEF was first identified as an activator of prostate specific antigen, and then, the involvements in many aspects of BC have been proposed. However, the subtype‐specific molecular function of SPDEF in BC and insights into prognostic significance have not been clearly elucidated. This study demonstrated for the first time that SPDEF may play a diversity role in the expression levels, clinicopathologic importance, biological function and prognostic evaluation in BC via bioinformatics and experimental evidence, which mainly depends on different BC subtyping. In summary, our findings would help to better understand the possible mechanisms of various BC subtypes and to find possible candidate genes for prognostic and therapeutic usage.
Three‐year efficacy and safety of certolizumab pegol for the treatment of plaque psoriasis: results from the randomized phase 3 CIMPACT trial
Authors: Warren R. B. , Lebwohl M. , Sofen H. , Piguet V. , Augustin M. , Brock F. , C. Arendt  , Fierens F. , Blauvelt A.
Published: July 2021

Background

Certolizumab pegol (CZP) is an Fc‐free, PEGylated anti‐tumor necrosis factor biologic.

Objectives

To report 3‐year outcomes from the CIMPACT (NCT02346240) phase 3, CZP in moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, randomized controlled trial.

Methods

Adults were randomized 3:3:3:1 to CZP 200 mg every other week (Q2W), CZP 400 mg Q2W, etanercept biweekly or placebo. At Week 16, CZP‐ and etanercept‐treated PASI 75 responders were re‐randomized to CZP 200 mg Q2W, CZP 400 mg Q4W, CZP 400 mg Q2W or placebo for maintenance treatment; PASI 75 non‐responders entered an open‐label escape CZP 400 mg Q2W arm. Patients entering the open‐label extension (OLE; Weeks 48–144) from blinded treatment received CZP 200 mg Q2W.

Results

Double‐blinded results have been reported previously. 261 patients received 200 mg Q2W upon OLE entry. PASI 75 response was maintained in patients continuing 200 mg Q2W treatment through Weeks 16–144 (Week 144: 96.2%). In patients dosed down at Week 48 (double‐blinded 400 mg to 200 mg Q2W), PASI 75 decreased (Week 48: 98.7%; Week 144: 85.9%). In patients who received placebo through Weeks 16–48, PASI 75 response decreased (Week 48: 60.4%), then increased following Week 48 switch to 200 mg Q2W (Week 144: 95.1%). 48 and 36 patients initially randomized to 200 and 400 mg Q2W, respectively, were Week 16 PASI 75 non‐responders and entered the escape arm; at Week 144, 71.8% and 78.2% achieved PASI 75. No new safety signals were identified.

Conclusions

Response to CZP was durable over three years; no new safety signals were identified.
Topical calcineurin inhibitors as a double‐edged sword in rosacea: A systematic review
Authors: Zhang Hanlin , Yang Leyan , Wang Yuchen , Zhang Dingyue , Tang Keyun , Fang Rouyu , Sun Qiuning
Published: July 2021

Background

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease mainly with skin or ocular manifestations. Topical calcineurin inhibitors, pimecrolimus and tacrolimus, can be used to treat rosacea. However, they can also induce rosacea‐like eruptions.

Aims

This study systematically reviewed the double‐edged sword effects of pimecrolimus and tacrolimus on rosacea.

Methods

Four databases were retrieved to search for articles on the effects of pimecrolimus and tacrolimus on rosacea, including Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. Only English articles were included in the systematic review. Relevant data were collected, and the levels of evidence were evaluated.

Results

28 articles published between 2001 and 2016 were included. 11 articles were about pimecrolimus as the treatment of rosacea, 4 articles were about the pimecrolimus‐induced rosacea, 9 articles were about tacrolimus as the treatment of rosacea, and 4 articles were about tacrolimus‐induced rosacea. Participants for each study ranged from 1 to 200. Several types of outcome measurements were used for these publications.

Conclusions

Both pimecrolimus and tacrolimus might have double‐edged sword effects on rosacea. Pimecrolimus and tacrolimus could be effective for rosacea. However, both of them could also induce rosacea. Larger, randomized, controlled studies on pimecrolimus and tacrolimus as the treatment of rosacea and studies on the mechanisms of pimecrolimus and tacrolimus in treating or inducing rosacea are needed. This systematic review emphasized the double‐edged sword role of topical calcineurin inhibitors in rosacea, which may pave the way for future research.
Association of insomnia and multidimensional frailty in community‐dwelling older adults: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Fan Junyao , Liu Yueting , Wang Quan , Zhao Huimin , Kong Linglin , Li Jie
Published: July 2021

Objective

To evaluate the relationship between insomnia and multidimensional frailty.

Background

Frailty has major implications on adverse health outcomes of older adults. In recent years, multidimensional nature of frailty has been increasingly recognised. Many frail older adults also suffer from insomnia.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional observational study including 454 community‐dwelling adults aged 60 and older. Insomnia was defined as a subjective experience of inadequate sleep duration or quality that affects social functioning during the day, based on the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and multidimensional frailty was based on Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI). The STROBE checklist was used to guide the submission.

Results

Mean age was 69.1 years old, 211 (46.5%) of participants suffered from insomnia, and 185 (40.7%) of participants were frail. There was a significant relationship between insomnia and multidimensional frailty (physical, psychological and social dimensions). Insomnia was associated with frailty, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidity OR of 6.863 (95% CI: 4.237–11.116).

Conclusion

Frailty was independently predicted by insomnia. Future researches should determine whether there is a causal relationship between insomnia and multidimensional frailty, with the ultimate goal of providing interventions to reverse or prevent frailty.

Relevance to clinical practice

This study emphasises the importance of assessment and treatment of insomnia, potentially contributing to the reversion and prevention of frailty in community‐dwelling older adults.
Effectiveness of psychosocial support provided by midwives and family on preventing postpartum depression among first‐time adolescent mothers at 3‐month follow‐up: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sangsawang Bussara , Deoisres Wannee , Hengudomsub Pornpat , Sangsawang Nucharee
Published: July 2021

Aims and objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness of a midwife‐family provided social support programme (MFPSS programme) for first‐time adolescent mothers on preventing postpartum depression (PPD) at 3‐month postpartum.

Background

Adolescent mothers with lack of social support are a high‐risk group for increasing the development of PPD. Interventions designed to promote social support and provided to mothers following childbirth have a more effective role in preventing PPD.

Design

The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines for a single‐blinded randomised controlled trial were conducted.

Methods

Forty‐two adolescent mothers were randomly assigned to 4‐week MFPSS programme plus routine care (n = 21) and routine care only (n = 21). PPD was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), rates and severity at baseline, post‐test, 6‐week and 3‐month postpartum follow‐ups. Repeated measures ANOVA and Cohen's d were used to analyse the data.

Results

At the last follow‐up, 20 (95.24%) participants remained in each group. Data were analysed based on 40 adolescent mothers. After the intervention, the mean EPDS scores in the intervention group were significantly lower than the same scores in the control group at post‐test, 6‐week and 3‐month postpartum follow‐ups. Similarly, the rates and severity of PPD in the intervention group were also lower than the control group at post‐test, 6‐week and 3‐month postpartum follow‐ups.

Conclusion

Psychosocial support interventions designed to incorporate support from midwives and family members is an effective intervention for preventing PPD in first‐time adolescent mothers and the preventive effect is sustained for up to 3‐month postpartum.

Relevance to clinical practice

Midwives or nurses could apply the MFPSS programme to nursing care for adolescent mothers and family members by adding health information about PPD and promoting social support.

Clinical trial registration

The trial was registered with Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR). The trial registration number is TCTR 20190206004.
Strategic Venturing as Legitimacy Creation: The Case of Sustainability
Authors: Reihlen Markus , Schlapfner Jan‐Florian , Seeger Monika , Trittin‐Ulbrich Hannah
Published: July 2021

Legitimacy is crucial for the survival and growth of strategic ventures inside larger corporations. Yet, despite much progress, research on the strategic venturing‐legitimacy nexus, that is, how internal strategic initiatives gain legitimacy and become part of the corporate strategy, remains underexplored. Drawing on the analysis of a longitudinal case study of the development of a sustainability initiative within a major diversified firm, we identified three core mechanisms of legitimation – seeding, energizing and prospering – that turned the concept of sustainability from an internally widely shared moral obligation into a business case. Our study contributes three distinct mechanisms that facilitate the legitimation and the integration of a strategic initiative within the corporate strategy. Moreover, we show how the sequence of legitimation mechanisms matters and highlight the inherently sequenced nature of strategic venture legitimation.
Alteration of brain resting‐state networks and functional connectivity in prelingual deafness
Authors: Kumar Uttam , Keshri Amit , Mishra Mrutyunjaya
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose

Early hearing loss causes several changes in the brain structure and function at multiple levels; these changes can be observed through neuroimaging. These changes are directly associated with sensory loss (hearing) and the acquisition of alternative communication strategies. Such plasticity changes in the brain might establish a different connectivity pattern with resting‐state networks (RSNs) and other brain regions. We performed resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to evaluate these intrinsic modifications.

Methods

We used two methods to characterize the functional connectivity (FC) of RSN components in 20 prelingual deaf adults and 20 demographic‐matched hearing adults. rsfMRI data were analyzed using independent component analysis (ICA) and region‐of‐interest seed‐to‐voxel correlation analysis.

Results

In ICA, we identified altered FC of RSNs in the deaf group. RSNs with altered FC were observed in higher visual, auditory, default mode, salience, and sensorimotor networks. The findings of seed‐to‐voxel correlation analysis suggested increased temporal coherence with other neural networks in the deaf group compared with the hearing control group.

Conclusion

These findings suggest a highly diverse resting‐state connectivity pattern in prelingual deaf adults resulting from compensatory cross‐modal plasticity that includes both auditory and nonauditory regions.
Gender matters: The effects of gender and segmentation preferences on work‐to‐family conflict in family sacrifice climates
Authors: Nsair Viva , Piszczek Matthew
Published: July 2021

Despite work–family research focusing on family‐friendly climates, many employees work under a family sacrifice climate, facing employer pressure to put the demands of work before the demands of family and leading to increased work‐to‐family conflict. A family sacrifice climate enforces consistent behavioural expectations across all employees in the form of family domain boundaries being permeable to work and work domain boundaries being impermeable to family. However, employees likely experience family sacrifice climates differently. Drawing on the boundary theory and social role theory, we investigate how individual differences in gender and boundary management preferences interact to shape the relationship between perceived family sacrifice climate at work and work‐to‐family conflict in a two‐wave sample of 157 professional employees. Results show women experience more work‐to‐family conflict from perceived family sacrifice climate than men, and segmentation preferences further shape this relationship but in opposite ways for men and women. Results indicate higher segmentation preferences are associated with a stronger relationship between family sacrifice climate and work‐to‐family conflict for women but a weaker relationship for men. We discuss implications of these findings for understanding the role of organizational climate in creating gendered work–family experiences.

Practitioner points

Some employees are more susceptible to undesirable effects of family sacrifice climate than others.

Women compared to men are more likely to experience increased work‐to‐family conflict when they perceive their workplaces to have a family sacrifice climate.

In family sacrifice workplace climates, women who prefer to segment work from family demands experience the greatest amount of work‐to‐family conflict while men who also prefer to segment work from family demands experience the lowest amount of work‐to‐family conflict.
How much should we fund the IRS?
Authors: Jung Hanjoon M. , Liang Meng‐Yu , Yang C.C.
Published: July 2021

Tax enforcement not only detects tax evasion (the direct effect) but also enforces voluntary compliance (the indirect effect). This paper explores implications of the indirect effect for the optimal size of the budget allocated to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The conventional wisdom prescribes that the size of the budget allocated to the IRS should always fall short of the level where an additional dollar allocated would return just an additional dollar of revenue. In a model where taxpayers are subject to a small amount of incomplete information, we show that after taking into consideration the indirect effect of tax enforcement, it is possible that the optimal prescription is opposite to the conventional wisdom.
Needs of Direct Support Professionals to Support People With Intellectual Disabilities in Leading a Healthy Lifestyle
Authors: Overwijk Annelies , Hilgenkamp Thessa I. M. , van der Schans Cees P. , van der Putten Annette A. J. , Waninge Aly
Published: July 2021

Background

For a healthy lifestyle, people with moderate, severe, and profound intellectual disabilities living in residential facilities and/or participating in day activity centers are dependent on their direct support professionals. However, it is unclear what knowledge and skills these direct support professionals require to support these individuals in living a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the needs of direct support professionals for supporting these people with moderate to profound intellectual disabilities to achieve and maintain a healthy lifestyle.

Method

Direct support professionals (n = 28) were interviewed with the use of a semi‐structured protocol based on the theoretical domains framework. The interviews were analyzed with a theory‐driven content analysis.

Results

The most frequently mentioned needs referred to the following domains of the theoretical domains framework: environmental context and resources (n = 27), social/professional role and identity (n = 25), social influence (n = 25), skills (n = 24), and knowledge (n = 23).

Conclusion

To support people with moderate to profound intellectual disabilities in leading a healthy lifestyle, direct support professionals (DSPs) primarily needed support related to the domain environmental context and resources. Within this domain available time, dealing with different seasons, and a healthy lifestyle policy in the organization need attention. Development of interventions targeting these DSPs needs is required.
Exclusive right of communication of works to the public in the legal system of the European Union
Authors: Czarny‐Drożdżejko Elżbieta
Published: July 2021

The subject of my paper is the analysis of the exclusive right of communication to the public—from the point of view of the CJEU jurisprudence. Therefore, I touch upon problems related to the most significant elements of public communication abstracted from the judgments of the CJEU. In my considerations, I analyse such issues as the concept of “the act of communication to the public,” the so‐called “new public,” issues of a profit‐making nature of communication to the public, the mental aspect of public communication and, finally, the question of the hyperlink. My study is critical and is not only intended to present the position of the CJEU. It aims to demonstrate that legislative changes are necessary in the EU directives on copyright and related rights. Otherwise, the CJEU itself will become such a legislator, which may eventually even destabilize the copyright system. CJEU judgments are only random decisions in specific cases, and not comprehensive solutions necessary to introduce new regulations.
When carnivores collide: a review of studies exploring the competitive interactions between bobcatsLynx rufusand coyotesCanis latrans
Authors: Dyck Marissa A. , Wyza Eileen , Popescu Viorel D.
Published: July 2021

BobcatsLynx rufusand coyotesCanis latransare two widespread mesopredators with a complex history of sympatry. The competitive interactions between these species are of interest to biologists due to the furbearer status of bobcats, the recent range expansion of coyotes, and the recolonisation of several parts of North America by bobcats following their extirpation. Although studies exploring the dynamics and competition between bobcats and coyotes span decades, there is a lack of understanding regarding what factors influence exploitative or interference competition, and what methodologies are conducive to identifying these types of competition.

We gathered a comprehensive list of research papers (n = 41) exploring bobcat–coyote competitive interactions in North America. From them, we collected the following: study site characteristics, number and types of research methods, number and types of metrics explored, history of sympatry of the two species at the study location, presence of apex predators, and documentation of interference and/or exploitative competition.

Using generalised linear models, we determined that interference competition between bobcats and coyotes was observed primarily in open habitat. However, habitat heterogeneity, the number of research methods and metrics used, presence of an apex predator, and history of sympatry could not be used to predict the occurrence of interference competition. Studies that included diet overlap were less likely to observe interference competition than studies that used other metrics to infer competition.

Competitive interactions between coyotes and bobcats are largely a function of prey availability. Our findings suggest that habitat type may be a surrogate for prey availability, which many researchers mention, but do not explicitly measure. Future studies investigating bobcat–coyote interactions should include the quantification of prey densities to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the system at large, and should avoid using solely diet or habitat overlap as metrics to assess competition.
Iodine status of pregnant women living in urban Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Siro Sicelosethu S. , Zandberg Lizelle , Ngounda Jennifer , Wise Amy , Symington Elizabeth A. , Malan Linda , Smuts Cornelius M. , Baumgartner Jeannine
Published: July 2021

Adequate intake of iodine is important during pregnancy because of its essential role in foetal growth and neurodevelopment. Data on iodine status of South African pregnant women are scarce, and the salt reduction policy implemented in 2016 may decrease iodine intake of South Africans. This cross‐sectional study assessed the iodine status of pregnant women residing in urban Johannesburg, South Africa. A total of 250 pregnant women were enrolled into the ‘Nutrition during Pregnancy and Early Development’ (NuPED) study and 312 pregnant women into the ‘Assessment of dried blood spot thyroglobulin in pregnant women to redefine the range of median urinary iodine concentration that indicates adequate iodine intake, South Africa’ (STRIPE‐SA) study and were included in this analysis. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was analysed in a spot urine sample. Thyroglobulin (Tg) was measured in serum, and thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) and total thyroxine (tT4) were measured in dried blood spots. The median [interquartile range (IQR)] UIC of pregnant women was 144 (84–234) μg/L. Women in the first (n = 99), second (n = 262) and third (n = 174) trimester had a median UIC of 133 (81–316), 145 (84–236) and 156 (89–245) μg/L, respectively (p = 0.419). Median TSH, tT4 and Tg were 2.7 (2.3–3.2) mU/L, 202 (163–236) nmol/L and 9.2 (5.4–17.9) μg/L, respectively. Based on the median UIC, pregnant women residing in urban Johannesburg may be borderline iodine deficient. These findings highlight the need for ongoing monitoring of iodine status among vulnerable pregnant women, especially considering the recently introduced salt reduction policy in South Africa.