bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studi Kasus Penjadwalan Proyek: Frame Acid Skid dengan Gant Chart dan Critical Path Method
Authors: Pujo Leksonowati Nur Fitria , Pamungkas Nurman , Stefani Windy , Purba Adi Syahputra , Manurung Meilani Mandhalena , Batubara Ninda Hardina , Gunawan Leo Van
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini mengkaji penjadwalan proyek pembuatan Frame Acid Skid pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) Lombok menggunakan Gantt Chart dan Critical Path Method (CPM). Tujuan utama penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi penyebab keterlambatan dan mengusulkan langkah-langkah optimasi durasi proyek. Data yang dikumpulkan menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan antara durasi yang direncanakan (24 hari) dan durasi aktual pelaksanaan proyek (47 hari). Keterlambatan utama terjadi pada tahapan pengelasan dan pengecatan, masing-masing memerlukan waktu tambahan 13 hari. Faktor penyebab keterlambatan termasuk penambahan proses pengelasan material yang tidak tercakup dalam kontrak awal dan ketidaksesuaian spesifikasi pada tahap pengecatan. Analisis dengan Gantt Chart dan CPM mengungkapkan bahwa peningkatan komunikasi, perencanaan awal yang lebih rinci, dan pemantauan ketat pada spesifikasi proyek sangat diperlukan untuk meminimalkan dampak keterlambatan pada biaya dan waktu. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan dasar yang kuat bagi pengambilan keputusan untuk proyek serupa di masa mendatang.
THE KNITTING MACHINE WORKING BODIES FRICTION EFFECT ON DYNAMIC LOADS IN THE NEEDLE-WEDGE PAIR
Authors: PLESHKO SERHII , KOVALIOV YURII
Published: December 2024

The efficiency of knitting machines largely depends on the mutual friction of the working bodies (needles, wedges, stitches) of the knitting mechanism. Frictional forces significantly affect the dynamic loads of the knitting mechanism, reducing the reliability and durability of its operation. The analysis shows that the reduction of dynamic loads can be achieved by reducing the friction of needle-wedge and needle-stitch pairs. Therefore, the task of these studies is to analyse the effect of friction of the working bodies of the knitting machine on dynamic loads in the most responsible pair of the needle-wedge knitting mechanism.
The object of research is the influence of friction on dynamic loads in the needle-wedge pair of a knitting machine. Modern methods of theoretical research based on the theory of machine dynamics and the theory of designing knitting machines were used to solve the problems.
Given the relevance of the question of increasing the efficiency of knitting machines by reducing the friction of the working bodies of the knitting mechanism, the article is devoted to the analysis of the effect of friction and the method of fastening the wedge on the amount of dynamic loads arising in the most responsible needle-wedge pair.
The analysis of operation of the knitting mechanisms of circular knitting machines showed that the main reason for needle failure is significant dynamic loads arising in the needle-wedge pair. It is also noted that one of the factors that significantly affects the amount of dynamic loads in the needle-wedge pair is the friction forces in the needle-wedge and needle-stitch pairs (guide needles). It is obvious that the reduction of friction of the working bodies of the knitting mechanism leads to a reduction of dynamic loads in the needle-wedge pair and, accordingly, to a reduction of needle failures.
The analysis of the obtained results shows that with an increase in the friction forces of the working bodies of the knitting machine, the impact force of the needle on the wedge with both rigid and elastic fastening significantly increases, which negatively affects the efficiency of the machine (the number of needle failures increases and the durability of the wedges decreases) and on the quality of the fabric (increase in the percentage of defective fabric)
ГЕНЕРУВАННЯ ДОПУСТИМОЇ МНОЖИНИ РОЗКЛАДОК ДЛЯ АВТОМАТИЗОВАНОГО ПРОЄКТУВАННЯ РАЦІОНАЛЬНИХ СХЕМ РОЗКРОЮ МАТЕРІАЛІВ ПРЯМОКУТНОЇ ФОРМИ НА ДЕТАЛІ ГАЛАНТЕРЕЙНИХ ВИРОБІВ
Authors: ЧУПРИНКА ВІКТОР , НАУМЕНКО БОГДАН , ОСИПЕНКО ВОЛОДИМИР
Published: December 2024

The work proposes a solution to one of the problems of designing a rational cut, namely, the generation of a set of admissible layouts. For this, a mathematical model and structural components of the problem of generating a set of admissible layouts were described. This made it possible to reduce the problem of generating a set of admissible layouts to the task of finding a set of double lattices of a rectangular shape, the parameters of which determine the layout of parts in the generated admissible layout.
The paper presents the algorithms for searching the parameters of these double rectangular arrays, namely the search algorithms:
- the displacement vector of the next part relative to the previous one in the layout row;
- displacement vector of the next row with identically oriented parts relative to the previous row;
- lattice displacement vector for parts rotated by 180 degrees relative to the lattice for parts in the basic position.
Algorithms were proposed for this:
 - dense arrangement of, however, oriented parts in a row of the generated layout;
- dense arrangement of adjacent rows in the generated layout.
The proposed algorithms for determining the parameters of the double rectangular grid made it possible to develop a software product for generating a set of admissible layouts for haberdashery details, which, automated design of cutting schemes of rectangular materials for haberdashery parts, which became one of the main modules of the software product for designing rational schemes for cutting rectangular materials for haberdashery parts products
Implementation of the developed software product in production will allow:
-optimize cutting schemes, reducing the amount of waste. It is not only environmentally friendly, but also economically beneficial;
-effectively use materials during cutting, which helps reduce production costs;
 - introduce the use of automated cutting complexes, which minimizes the impact of the human factor, improves accuracy and compliance with technological requirements;
- to reduce the amount of waste, which contributes to the preservation of the environment and is an important aspect of modern production.
All these are important factors of competitiveness in the market.
УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ КЕКСІВ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ЛЮПИНОВОГО БОРОШНА
Authors: КОШЕЛЬ ОЛЕНА , САВЧЕНКО МАРИНА , ПЕРЦЕВОЙ ФЕДОР , МАРЕНКОВА ТЕТЯНА
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to improving the technology of cupcakes by introducing lupine flour into their recipe. Lupine flour has been determined to be free of cholesterol, gluten and stomach irritants; modern sweet varieties do not contain alkaloids. Due to its low starch content and high dietary fiber content, it has a very low glycemic index (GI) and is recommended as an element in the diet of diabetics or people who want to lose weight, lower blood cholesterol and triglycerides and regulate blood pressure.
Lupine flour contains up to 40% protein. Its fractional composition contains salt- and water-soluble proteins - 82-85%, alkali-soluble - 5-8%, insoluble fraction - 9-10%, alcohol-soluble proteins are completely absent. In terms of amino acid composition, lupine protein has a high content of lysine, threonine and leucine compared to other proteins contained in legumes. These amino acids have a positive effect on the young body (lysine and threonine) and are used in the treatment of diseases such as liver disease and anemia (leucine).
In the work, 3 samples of cupcakes were developed with a partial replacement of wheat flour with lupine flour. After baking, samples with the addition of lupine flour were determined by organoleptic quality indicators, namely taste, smell, shape, texture, surface, structure and cross-sectional view. Research data showed that the addition of lupine flour in the amount of 15.0%...30.0% significantly improved the texture of the muffins compared to the control sample. The sample of the cake with a partial replacement of wheat flour with lupine flour meets the requirements of a healthy diet to the greatest extent due to the increased content of proteins (22.83%) and the reduced content of carbohydrates (36.33%).
In general, the analysis of the chemical composition according to the content of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates showed the advantage of the improved recipes of the "Stolichny" cake, in particular, according to the content of the amino acid composition of proteins and fats, as well as reduced calorie content.
Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the improved muffins expand the assortment of flour confectionery products for healthy nutrition with the content of essential amino acids in their optimal ratio.
ПОШУК ОБ'ЄКТІВ НА СУПУТНИКОВИХ ЗНІМКАХ ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ ШТУЧНИХ НЕЙРОННИХ МЕРЕЖ
Authors: РОЗУМОВСЬКИЙ МИКОЛА , КРОШНИЙ ІГОР
Published: December 2024

With the accelerated development of artificial intelligence, remote sensing image analysis technologies have gained considerable attention in smart cities. In recent years, research on object detection in satellite imagery has focused on detecting and counting small, densely spaced objects over large areas. Small object detection, as a separate branch of image processing, remains a significant challenge due to the limited resolution, size, number and orientation of objects, as well as other factors.
To solve this problem, this article presents a series of methods for small object detection that will help the reader understand the current state of the art and choose the appropriate solution for specific tasks. To date, traditional object detection methods include the Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) algorithm and the Deformed Particle Model (DPM) algorithm.  However, since these algorithms are mostly focused on pedestrian detection, their effectiveness in processing remote sensing images is limited.
In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), a variant of feed-forward networks, have become widely used. This architecture effectively reduces the amount of memory required for deep neural networks. A work in deep learning-based object detection algorithms, Regional Convolutional Neural Networks (RCNNs) successfully combine convolutional neural networks with object detection. However, due to the fact that RCNN consists of four components, the efficiency of this algorithm is quite low. With the advent of detectors such as the YOLO and SSD series, the performance of object detection algorithms has improved significantly, and the technology has been constantly evolving.
The purpose of this article is to provide readers with a deep understanding of the research goals. In particular, to combine the main datasets and evaluation methods that are widely used in the latest object detection techniques. Also, to analyze the problems of irregularity of object detection on satellite images and provide an overview of small object detection methods. Additionally, to select the methods with the best performance in recent years for experiments and analysis. Finally, the challenges and prospects for future research related to small object detection in satellite images are outlined.
РИЗИКИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ХМАРНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ
Authors: КУЛАКОВСЬКА ІНЕССА
Published: December 2024

Хмарні технології стали невід'ємною частиною сучасного цифрового світу, пропонуючи багато переваг для бізнесу та приватних користувачів. Їхня гнучкість, масштабованість та економічна вигода роблять їх привабливим вибором для зберігання даних, розробки програмного забезпечення та надання інших ІТ-послуг. Однак, поряд з перевагами, хмарні технології несуть у собі й певні ризики, які не можна ігнорувати. Дослідження цих ризиків є надзвичайно актуальним.
Хмарні технології надають послуги на вимогу через Інтернет за допомогою великого обсягу віртуального сховища. Основними особливостями хмарних рішень є те, що користувач не виконує налаштування обчислювальної інфраструктури, а вартість послуг нижча. Останніми роками хмарні обчислення інтегруються з індустрією та багатьма іншими сферами, що заохочує досліджувати нові суміжні технології та ШІ. Завдяки доступності хмарних послуг і масштабованості для обчислювальних процесів окремі користувачі та організації передають свої програми, дані та послуги на сервер хмарного сховища. Незважаючи на свої переваги, трансформація локальних обчислень у віддалені обчислення принесла багато питань безпеки та проблем як для споживача, так і для постачальника. Багато хмарних сервісів надаються третьою стороною, що створює нові загрози безпеці. Хмарний провайдер надає свої послуги через Інтернет і використовує багато веб-технологій, що створює і тут проблеми безпеки. У досліджені розглядаються основні особливості хмарних технологій, проблеми безпеки, потенційні загрози та їх вирішення. Описано шість ключових тем, пов’язаних із безпекою хмари, структуру хмарної архітектури, моделі обслуговування та розгортання, хмарні технології, концепції безпеки хмари, загрози та атаки. У статті також обговорюється багато відкритих дослідницьких питань, пов’язаних із методами оцінки ризиків до кожної з вразливостей використання хмари.
Залежність від хмарних сервісів постійно зростає, адже все більше компаній та організацій переходять на їх використання. Це робить їх більш вразливими до збоїв, кібератак та інших проблем, які можуть призвести до значних втрат даних, фінансових збитків та репутаційних втрат.
PENGARUH KEMUDAHAN DAN KEAMANAN TRANSAKSI PENGGUNAAN MOBILE BANKING TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN ONLINE
Authors: Jayadi Jayadi , Risnawati Risnawati , Muslimin Muslimin
Published: December 2024

This research is aimed to investigate the influence of transaction ease and security in mobile banking on online purchasing decisions. The population of the research was 6,447 students the state polytecnic of ujung pandang. The Sampling technique used is probability sampling with the Stratified random sampling. The sample of this research was 98 students. The data collection method used interviews and questionnaires. The data analysis used instrument validation, descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software version 25 for windows. The results of this research showed that 1) the perception of customer the ease of used mobile banking was very easy, 2) the perception of customer the security of transactions used mobile banking was very safe, 3) the perceptions of customer online purchasing decisions used mobile banking was very good, 4) ease of use has significant effect on online purchasing decisions used mobile banking, 5) transaction security has significant effect on online purchasing decisions used mobile banking, 6) ease and security of transactions has significant effect on online purchasing decisions used mobile banking.
Voluntary IFRS Adoption by Cameroonian World-Class Entities
Authors: Mfouapon Georges Kriyoss , Nhiomog William Junior , Zogning Félix
Published: December 2024

The voluntary adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is at the heart of several theoretical and empirical studies that focus on the international harmonisation of accounting practices. Despite the rise of entities with international standing in developing economies, this resounding issue has largely and regrettably been ignored in this particular context. To help fill the gap, an exploratory qualitative study was conducted with three private entities in Cameroon in an effort to understand and analyse the factors that encourage certain large entities in French-speaking Africa to comply with the IFRS when producing and reporting accounting and financial information to their stakeholders. The results obtained over time reveal that economic calculations based on expectations, along with international legitimacy and entrenchment, form the basis of early and voluntary IFRS adoption by the entities under consideration.
Management Accounting Research
Authors: Lasyoud Alhashmi Aboubaker , Awopetu Lawrence
Published: December 2024

It is this paper’s objective to determine the concerns related to theories and methodologies that underpin the study of management accounting. The literature on management accounting includes various theories and methodologies followed by many researchers in this field of research. A review is done on prominent theories used by the management accounting field. The paper presents the frameworks utilized to classify these theories. Each theory is explained and its related criticism is presented to highlight the applicability of these theories in providing the required results when used as a base for research methodology in management accounting. The paper also reviews frameworks followed by previous studies on accounting research including Burrell and Morgan’s (1979) framework and Laughlin’s (1995) Middle-Range Thinking Approach. Although the framework by Burrell and Morgan is widely used for the classification of theories, some scholars criticized this framework. The framework developed by Laughlin (1995) is beneficial for categorizing accounting research and selecting a proper methodology for research studies in accounting. Even though Laughlin’s Middle-Range Thinking Approach has better practicality compared to the framework of Burrell and Morgan, the researchers found a limitation in his framework.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA WHATSAPP (WA) GROUP TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATERI SISTEM GERAK PADA MANUSIA
Authors: Popo Musthofa Kamil  , Egi Nuryadin
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh mediaWhatsApp (WA) Group terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik pada Materi Sistem GerakPada Manusia di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 19 Kota Tasikmalaya. Penelitian inidilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2018 sampai dengan bulan Oktober 2018 di SMPNegeri 19 Kota Tasikmalaya. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah trueeksperimental design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMPNegeri 19 Kota Tasikmalaya sebanyak sepuluh kelas, dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 248orang.Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak dua kelas yang diambil secara cluster randomsampling yaitu kelas VIII G sebanyak 30 siswa dan kelas VIII H sebanyak 32 siswa.Instrumen penelitian adalah tes hasil belajar pada materi sistem gerak pada manusia. Tesini berupa pilihan majemuk sebanyak 50 butir soal dengan empat option. Teknik analisisdata yang digunakan adalah uji t dengan taraf signifikan (α) = 5 %. Berdasarkan hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh penggunaan media WhatsApp (WA)Group terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik pada materi sistem gerak pada manusia di kelasVIII SMP Negeri 19 Kota Tasikmalaya Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019.
THE INFLUENCE OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY (STS) ON STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES IN THE SUBCONCEPT OF GLOBAL WARMING
Authors: Mufti Ali  , Vidi Widiannisa
Published: December 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh modelpembelajaran science, technology, and society (STS) terhadap hasil belajar pesertadidik pada sub konsep Pemanasan Global di kelas VII SMP Negeri 5 KotaTasikmalaya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2017 sampai denganbulan Juni 2018 di SMP Negeri 5 Tasikmalaya. Metode penelitian yangdigunakan adalah metode true eksperiment dengan populasi seluruh kelas VIISMP Negeri 5 Kota Tasikmalaya, sebanyak 11 kelas dengan jumlah siswa 368orang. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan teknik cluster random samplingsebanyak 2 kelas, yaitu kelas VII G sebagai kelas eksperimen dan VII F sebagaikelas kontrol. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah teknik tes hasil belajar siswa padasub konsep Pemanasan Global. Tes tertulis ini berupa pilihan ganda dengan empatoption. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji t dengan α 0.05.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan mengujian hipotesis denganmenggunakan uji t independen diperoleh harga thitung = 7,73 sedangkan harga ttabel= 1,99 atau -1,99. Karena harga thitung berada di daerah penolakan Ho makakesimpulan analisis dari penelitian ini adalah tolak Ho, artinya terdapat pengaruhmodel pembelajaran science, technology, and society (STS) terhadap hasil belajarpeserta didik pada konsep Pemanasan Global.
Perbandingan Aktivitas Antibakteri Bawang Putih ( Allium Sativum ) dengan Varietas Berbeda Secara In Vitro terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichia Coli
Authors: Dewi Hernawati  , Siti nurkamilah  , Suci Suharyati
Published: December 2024

Bawang putih memiliki potensi sebagai pengganti antibiotik. Karena selain mudah untuk diaplikasikan sebagai obat, bawang putih telah menjadi salah satu tanaman tertua yang dibudidayakan sehingga bawang putih dapat ditemukan di seluruh dunia. Varietas bawang putih sangat beragam, baik itu yang ada di Indonesia maupun yang berasal dari luar negara Indonesia seperti china, tiongkok dan lain sebagainya. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian eksperimen kuantitatif  dilakukan terhadap tiga varietas bawang putih yang paling sering kita jumpai di masyarakat, sebagai antibakteri dari bakteri Escherichia coli penyebab penyakit radang usus dan diare. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ketiga varietas bawang putih memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli  serta untuk mengetahui jenis varietas bawang putih yang paling efektif digunakan terhadap penghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli. Adapun manfaat yang didapat adalah sebagai informasi tambahan bahwa bawang putih yang diuji dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif obat herbal yang digunakan untuk upaya penyembuhan penyakit diare. Metode Pengujian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode InVitro secara Difusi Kertas Cakram dengan menggunakan empat perlakuan dan enam kali pengulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah yang pertama (Cont - ), kedua (V.Bs), ketiga (V.Bk), dan keempat (V.Bt), dengan satu konsentrasi yang sama yaitu 80% sehingga mendapatkan hasil uji statistik yang menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil rata-rata perlakuan yang didapat terhadap aktivitas antibakteri Escherichia coli, dan menunjukan bahwa varietas bawang putih ShinChung paling efektif menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli.
Kebermaknaan dan Efektivitas Kegiatan Praktikum Biologi: Sebuah Studi Kasus
Authors: Rifaatul Muthmainnah
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mempelajari kebermaknaan dan efektivitas kegiatan praktikum biologi di salah satu SMA kota Bandung. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode deskriptif, melalui pendekatan studi kasus. Subjek penelitian adalah guru dan siswa kelas X. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan praktikum yang telah dilaksanakan menunjukkan kebermaknaan bagi siswa, mulai dari timbulnya aspek fun learning, menguatkan pengetahuan siswa sebelumnya, serta melatihkan berbagai keterampilan psikomotor. Efektivitas pelaksanaan kegiatan praktikum sudah muncul, terlihat dari adanya kesesuaian langkah kerja dengan LKS serta kesesuaian tujuan praktikum dengan pengetahuan yang didapatkan siswa. Temuan studi menemukan beberapa faktor yang dapat mengurangi efektivitas dan kebermaknaan praktikum yang dilaksanakan. Hal ini menjadi tantangan bagi guru untuk mengorganisir kegiatan praktikum yang lebih baik dan lebih efektif agar mengantarkan siswa mencapai kerbermaknaan belajara melalui kegiatan praktikum.
PERBANDINGAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN CROSSWORD PUZZLE DAN TOPICAL REVIEW PADA KONSEP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN MANUSIA SISWA
Authors: Cucu
Published: December 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar siswa kelas VIII yang menggunakan model pembelajaran Crossword Puzzle (Teka-teki Silang) denganTopical Review (Tinjauan Topik) dalam pembelajaran Biologi pada materi Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Manusia. Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu kelas VIII-1 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIII-2 sebagai kelas kontrol yang diambil secara acak kelas. Instrumen yang digunakan sebagai alat pengumpul data berupa tes objektif untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil yang menggunakan model pembelajaran Crossword Puzzle dan Topical Review. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa: hasil belajar menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan kemampuan yang signifikan antara kelas eksperimen I dengan kelas eksperimen II. Pada kelas eksperimen I yang menggunakan model pembelajaran Crossword Puzzle rata-rata pre-test nya ( ̅ ) dan rata-rata post-test nya ( ̅ ). Adapun hasil belajar pada kelas eksperimen II yang menggunakan model Topical Review rata-rata pre-test nya ( ̅ ) dan rata-rata post- test nya ( ̅ ). Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa Terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar siswa antara yang menggunakan model pembelajaran Crossword Puzzle dengan Topical Review pada konsep Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Manusia.
Minyak Atsiri Lengkuas Merah Alpinia Purpurata sebagai Anti Bakteri
Authors: Sitti Rahbiah Akram  , Rahmita  , Hairudin
Published: December 2024

Lengkuas Merah Alpinia purpurata K.Schum. merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang sering dimanfaatkan. Salahsatu manfaatnya yaitu sebagai antimikroba yang terdapat pada ekstrak minyak atsiri lengkuas merah. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas dari minyak atsiri lengkuas merah Alpinia purpurata K.Schum. sebagai antibakteri. Pengujian daya hambat dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar menggunakan empat konsentrasi (10%, 20%,40% dan 80% b/v), ciprofloxacin sebagai kontrol (+) dan Dimetill Sulfoksida (DMSO) sebagai kontrol (-) padamedium Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) yang diinkubasi selama 2 x 24 jam. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa minyakatsiri sebagai anti bakteri karena mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichiacoli dengan daya hambat terbesar masing – masing 18,2 mm dan 17,1 mm serta efektif pada konsentrasi 20%.
Pengaruh Metode Pembelajaran dan Gaya Belajar terhadap Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa pada Mata Kuliah Kimia untuk Biologi
Authors: Chevi Ardiana Rusmawan  , Sri Mulyaningsih  , Indra Dodo Saputra  , Tsaltsa Nur Aula Fajriah  , De Budi Irwan Taofik
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode pembelajaran dan gaya belajar terhadap hasil belajar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mempelajari hasil tes pilihan ganda dan digunakan untuk gaya belajar visual adalah kuesioner. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) hasil belajar siswa diberikan metode pembelajaran ekspositori pada Pembelajaran Tinggi siswa yang diberikan metode pembelajaran konvensional. (2) terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara metode pembelajaran dan gaya belajar visual. (3) hasil penelitian dan mahasiswa IPA yang memiliki gaya belajar visual dan metode pembelajaran yang diberikan pembelajaran ekspositori lebih tinggi daripada mahasiswa yang diberikan pembelajaran metode pembelajaran konvensional. (4) hasil penelitian dan mahasiswa IPA yang memiliki gaya belajar visual rendah dan metode pembelajaran yang diberikan pembelajaran ekspositori lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan mahasiswa yang diberikan metode pembelajaran konvensional.
Persepsi Siswa dan Guru terhadap Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka dalam Mata Pelajaran Biologi
Authors: Desri Mulyati  , Leni Sri Mulyani  , Rifaatul Muthmainnah
Published: December 2024

Pada tahun 2020 pendidikan mengalami banyak perubahan dikarenakan efek dari pandemi Covid-19. Kurikulum merdeka mengedepankan konsep “Merdeka Belajar” bagi siswa yang dirancang untuk membantu pemulihan krisis pembelajaran yang terjadi akibat adanya pandemi Covid-19. Diperlukan sebuah penelitian untuk menggali pandangan siswa dan guru terhadap kurikulum merdeka tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi kurikulum merdeka di MAN 1 Garut serta persepsi siswa dan guru terhadap implementasi kurikulum merdeka dalam mata pelajaran biologi. Penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik Proporsional Random Sampling. Subjek penelitian adalah 3 guru biologi dan 178 siswa yang diambil sebagai sampel. Persepsi siswa dan guru biologi dilihat dari 3 indikator yaitu penerimaan, pemahaman dan penilaian. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa siswa dan guru biologi kelas X MAN 1 Garut sudah mengimplementasikan kurikulum merdeka dan 3 indikator pada kategori baik.
The disease of Alexander the Great in Cilicia (333 B.C.)
Authors: Lascaratos John , Dalla‐Vorgia P.
Published: December 2024

A characteristic historical example of defensive medicine is referred to and analysed. The case relates to Alexander the Great’s almost fatal disease which he suffered during his campaign in Asia. Physicians were afraid to undertake the treatment of the Emperor because of the severity of the disease and the uncertain outcome which could draw upon them the anger of Macedonians and could result in their punishment. Furthermore, their fears were increased because the king of Persia, Darius, declared a reward for the murder of Alexander. In addition the Emperor himself was known for his strictness – at a later stage he indeed crucified or hanged the physician of his close friend Hephaestion because he had failed in the treatment of the latter. Finally Philip, a physician who was a friend of the family of Alexander, undertook his treatment and cured him, after the persistent requests of the Emperor and his openly‐declared trust in his person.
The European Commission’s public health strategy and its proposed programme on rare diseases
Authors: Peters Paul W.J. , Merkel Bernard C.
Published: December 2024

The European Community can make a significant contribution in the field of public health by offering the possibility to stimulate work on rare diseases. Genuine economics of scale could be achieved for research into rare diseases by linking at Community level the limited skills and resources available in this field within each individual Member State of the European Union. Persons suffering from rare diseases are often faced with a lack of information: few organizations provide patient support, and the sources of appropriate detection, recognition, treatment and prevention are limited or even non‐existent. Patient support groups can play a key role in rare diseases, thanks to the wealth of knowledge accumulated through their own experience with the disease or through their collaboration with other groups. Intrinsically rare diseases are linked with the phenomenon of clusters. To deal with clusters of a rare disease it is necessary to identify a real increase in prevalence, for example by early warning systems, to determine specific causal factors, to assess the risks and to assuage public concern. It is on these issues that the programme of Community action on rare diseases within the framework for action in the field of public health is focused.
Medicines in the news
Authors: Finer David , Tomson Göran
Published: December 2024

The advent of market economy since 1986 in Vietnam has thrown the drug market into chaos with potential risks to consumers from unsupervised widespread self‐medication. In the virtual absence of non‐commercial drug information to consumers, the mass media may play a key role. The objectives of the study were to describe drug information in the Vietnamese press, particularly in terms of risk/benefit, using a combined journalistic‐pharmaceutical coding instrument.

A quantitative content analysis was made of all articles ( $n={}$ 620) on medicinal drugs, including traditional medicines, published 1993–1994 in the four Vietnamese newspapers ‘Phu Nu Viet Nam’ (‘Women in Vietnam’), ‘Suc Khoe’ (‘Health’), ‘Dai doan ket’ (‘Great Unity’) and ‘Tien Phong’ (‘Vanguard’).

As this is to the best of our knowledge the first study of its kind in a low‐income country, the diversity of coverage in the newspapers as well as the sheer volume of drug articles were noteworthy findings. Almost half (44%) of the articles were about traditional medicines, 20% about anti‐infectives, and 15% about gastro‐intestinal/alimentary drugs. Over half of the articles on modern medicines dealt with drugs on Vietnam’s Essential Drug List.

Headline tendency was unbalanced with 39% positive, 55% neutral and 6% negative. Risk/benefit information was inadequate with information on side‐effects provided in 12%, and on counter‐indications in 13% of all articles. Exactly half (50%) of articles mentioned dosage, but only 2% drug price. Authors were mainly doctors, pharmacists and journalists. The four newspapers differed in profiles. ‘Health’ did the best job of providing drug information followed by the women’s newspaper, the youth paper and the senior citizen paper. However, in general, the relative paucity of information about side effects, counterindications, and drug prices, as well as the lack of independent journalistic drug reporting gives some cause for concern.
Adverse effects of medical devices
Authors: Autian John
Published: December 2024

The manufacture of medical devices made in whole or part of a man‐made material (biomaterial) has expanded experientially in the last several decades. This expansion has led to an increasing number of adverse effects of medical devices, with estimates being that the number may be as high as 100,000 each year, from minor injuries to those very serious causing deaths. Since the 1976 Medical Device Amendment to the US Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. This act requires that a new medical device to enter the American market place must be safe and effective for its intended use. The first step in designing a medical device is the selection of a suitable material that has the mechanical and the physical‐chemical properties appropriate for the device. After the selection of the material, consideration must be given to the biocompatibility of the material, which in turn will require that appropriate toxicity tests be conducted on the material to ensure safety.

Under the section on “Adverse effects from medical devices”, a summary of the laws governing medical devices and various definitions used in regard to biomaterials and devices is given. This is followed by discussing, some in greater details than others, examples of selected adverse effects of medical devices. Finally, attention is given to reporting and monitoring of medical devices to help reduce the number of adverse effects, which in turn may lead to the removal of the device from the market place or to have the device redesigned to prevent the adverse effect.
The ways in which bacteria resist antibiotics
Authors: Andersson Dan I.
Published: December 2024

The array of mechanisms that bacteria possess to withstand extreme conditions and to resist harmful drugs and other toxic agents compounds is fascinating. Use of antibacterial medicines over the last 60 years have triggered a combination of genetic and biochemical mechanisms within the bacteria to secure their survival in otherwise lethal environments. Bacterial clones with natural and acquired resistance have continuously been selected as an evolutionary response to the use of antibiotics. Resistance can be acquired as a result of genetic events causing alterations in the pre-existing bacterial genome such as point mutations and gene amplifications. The other major mechanism is horizontal gene transfer between bacteria both within and between species, where transposons, integrons or plasmids are introduced into an organism. The successive introduction of new antibiotics has catalysed the accumulation of resistance mechanisms that travel between microbes, creating clones with multiresistant properties.
Pediatric bipolar disorder: An object of study in the creation of an illness
Authors: Healy David , Le Noury Joanna
Published: December 2024

In the past decade bipolar disorder in children has been diagnosed with rapidly increasing frequency in North America, despite a century of psychiatric consensus that manic-depressive illness rarely had its onset before adolescence. This emergence has happened against a background of vigorous pharmaceutical company marketing of bipolar disorder in adults. In the absence of a license demonstrating efficacy for their compound for bipolar disorder in children, however, companies cannot actively market pediatric bipolar disorder. This paper explores some mechanisms that play a part in spreading the recognition of a disorder in populations for which pharmaceutical companies do not have a license. These include the role of academic experts, parent pressure groups, measurement technologies and the availability of possible remedies even if not licensed.
Patient Recruitment Forecasting in Clinical Trials Using Time-Dependent Poisson-Gamma Model and Homogeneity Testing Criteria
Authors: Anisimov Volodymyr , Oliver Lucas
Published: December 2024

Clinical trials in the modern era are characterized by their complexity and high costs and usually involve hundreds/thousands of patients to be recruited across multiple clinical centres in many countries, as typically a rather large sample size is required in order to prove the efficiency of a particular drug.

As the imperative to recruit vast numbers of patients across multiple clinical centres has become a major challenge, an accurate forecasting of patient recruitment is one of key factors for the operational success of clinical trials. A classic Poisson-gamma (PG) recruitment model assumes time-homogeneous recruitment rates. However, there can be potential time-trends in the recruitment driven by various factors, e.g. seasonal changes, exhaustion of patients on particular treatments in some centres, etc. Recently a few authors considered some extensions of the PG model to time-dependent rates under some particular assumptions. In this paper, a natural generalization of the original PG model to a PG model with non-homogeneous time-dependent rates is introduced. It is also proposed a new analytic methodology for modelling/forecasting patient recruitment using a Poisson-gamma approximation of recruitment processes in different countries and globally. The properties of some tests on homogeneity of the rates (non-parametric one using a Poisson model and two parametric tests using Poisson and PG model) are investigated. The techniques for modeling and simulation of the recruitment using time-dependent model are discussed. For re-projection of the remaining recruitment it is proposed to use a moving window and re-estimating parameters at every interim time. The results are supported by simulation of some artificial data sets.
Elementos determinantes de las zonas de sacrificio en México
Authors: Martínez Giménez Eber , Pérez Ramírez Carlos Alberto
Published: December 2024

El trabajo tiene como objetivo delinear los elementos determinantes de las zonas de sacrificio en México para contribuir a su visibilidad y afirmación como objeto de estudio. Para ello, se desarrolló un análisis de información documental, a partir de diversos aportes teóricos, conceptuales y casos de estudio, así como la recuperación de la experiencia empírica, para determinar los elementos que caracterizan dos zonas de sacrificio en México. De esta forma se identificaron 5 ámbitos generales y 12 elementos determinantes de las zonas de sacrificio, que posibilitan su reconocimiento como problema prioritario para la conservación ambiental y el bienestar social de la población, así como un complejo objeto de estudio para diferentes disciplinas científicas.
Necroterritorios y zonas del sacrificio: escenarios forenses en México contemporáneo
Authors: Martínez Martínez Miguel Angel
Published: December 2024

El presente trabajo busca desarrollar el término necroterritorios desde una reflexión filosófica sobre la desaparición forzada de personas y las fosas clandestinas como materializaciones de espacios de violencia y zonas del sacrificio. Se considera el reciente auge del giro espacial y el giro forense en América Latina para atender la intensa y profunda conflictividad generada a través de economías hiperliberales en el despliegue, diseminación y aumento de tales fenómenos consideradas aquí como ventanas analíticas y situaciones socioterritoriales. Desde este registro, los esfuerzos realizados por colectivos y buscadoras se vuelven casos testigos ligados a las zonas del sacrifico de cuerpos-territorios que ofrecen elementos para desplegar y desarrollar una aproximación conceptual. Estas coordenadas sociales serán el punto de partida para la indagación sobre las transformaciones de los cuerpo-territorios puestos en juego en tales escenarios, instalados desde los daños socioespaciales. La comprensión de la singularidad de tales dinámicas sacrificiales y necroterritoriales se anudan en la extensión del cuerpo-territorio como escenario de violencias y lugar donde se reconfiguran los espacios en campos clandestinos de enterramiento. Se concluye en las distinciones del robustecimiento institucional y económico para cuantificar y compensar los daños ocasionados, así como al impacto que el flujo económico produce sobre los escenarios socioambientales y lo que significa en términos de cristalización de la violencia y la anulación de dispositivos culturales anclados en las formas rituales de enterramiento como algo inconmensurable que altera el sentido de la vida y de la muerte.
Historia ambiental desde abajo: los habitantes ribereños de la Ciénega de Chapala y la afectación ambiental por la construCCión de las presas de Juanacatlán y Poncitlán en el río Santiago, Jalisco, México, 1893-1910
Authors: Muñoz Raigosa Omar
Published: December 2024

Este artículo expone un primer acercamiento histórico a las intervenciones de la Cuenca Alta del Río Santiago. También explora cómo la construcción de la presa hidroeléctrica Juanacatlán y de la presa de control Poncitlán provocó una fractura metabólica (Moore, 2020) en la Ciénega de Chapala y en la Cuenca Alta del río Santiago, siendo esta el origen de una zona de sacrificio en la región (Navarro Trujillo & Barreda Muñoz, 2022). A partir de la historia ambiental desde abajo y de una crítica anticolonial a los archivos se observan las intervenciones realizadas en la cuenca alta del río Santiago en Jalisco y las afectaciones a los pueblos de Sahuayo y Pajacuarán en la Ciénega de Chapala, Michoacán. Por una parte, los habitantes denunciaron sus preocupaciones por el sacrificio de su territorio y la reproducción de la vida, por otra, los hacendados realizaron quejas por inundaciones y han aportado información sobre las intervenciones al río y sus consecuencias ambientales. Para finalizar, se relaciona la construcción de estas dos presas con el decreto de la cota media de Chapala, la reproducción del lirio acuático y la desecación de la Ciénega de Chapala.
Sacrificio por ornato. Sobre el trabajo alienado desde una perspectiva fenomenológica
Authors: Cervantes Oliveros María
Published: December 2024

El presente trabajo tiene por propósito vincular el concepto de trabajo alienado en Marx con la noción de sacrificio práctico de la ética en el marco de la fenomenología husserliana, trazando las líneas de posible dialogo entre dos filosofías que tienen por principio la praxis. Lo anterior se procura a partir del ejemplo paradigmático de lo que se calificará como sacrificio en el trabajo del sector florícola en México. Se realiza una comparativa conceptual a partir del caso ejemplar, tomando esta forma de trabajo como representativa del fenómeno del sacrificio descrito por Marx como ingrediente del trabajo alienado y por Husserl como producto de la decisión entre valores absolutos. El trabajo logra ubicar, a partir de esta línea común en ambos autores, una posible línea de diálogo a partir de la descripción de las estructuras de la experiencia, apuntando al posible enriquecimiento de la descripción fenomenológica sobre la pérdida de sí mismo gracias al desarrollo del concepto de alienación en el marco de la definición del trabajo.
The Influence of Cash Turnover Rate, Credit Turnover Rate, and Capital Adequacy on Profitability in Savings and Loan Cooperatives in Denpasar
Authors:   University of Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Sadiwi Ni Putu Jyotika Artha , Rismayanti Kadek Intan ,   University of Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Ratih Ida Ayu Putu ,   University of Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Padmaningrum Ni Made ,   University of Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Jantina Ni Wayan ,   University of Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Gama Agus Wahyudi Salasa ,   University of Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Astiti Ni Putu Yeni ,   University of Mahasaraswati Denpasar
Published: December 2024

Profitability refers to a company's capacity to generate profits within a specified timeframe. This study seeks to empirically assess the impact of cash turnover rate, credit turnover rate, and capital adequacy ratio (CAR) on the profitability of savings and loan cooperatives in the East Denpasar district. This study's population comprised 32 cooperatives located in the East Denpasar District. This research employed a purposive sampling strategy. A sample of 32 cooperatives in East Denpasar District was obtained based on the established sampling criteria, resulting in a total of 96 observations over three years. The data collection strategy employed in this research involved non-participant observation techniques. The employed data analysis method is multiple linear regression analysis. The study's findings indicate that cash turnover and credit turnover positively and significantly influence the profitability of savings and loan cooperatives in the East Denpasar sub-district, whereas CAR negatively and significantly impacts their profitability. The implication of this study is that effective cash and credit turnover management is crucial for enhancing profitability in cooperatives
Inter-American system: stages and development of relations between the United States and Latin America
Authors:   Institute of Latin America of the Russian Academy of Cience, Goliney Vladimir
Published: December 2024

The article explores the evolution of the Inter-American Sys-tem from the 19th century until 2024. It describes some char-acteristics of this system and identifies several stages in its development, based on differences in the perspectives of pol-iticians in the Western Hemisphere regarding security issues, trade cooperation, and the international environment. The theme of security and economic collaboration runs like a re-curring theme throughout the more than 200-year history of U.S. foreign policy engagement with Latin American and Car-ibbean countries, providing a sense of continuity in the stages of Inter-American cooperation development. This is illustrat-ed by examples such as the Spanish American Congresses of 1826–1865, Pan-American Conferences of 1889–1954, and Summits of the Americas from 1994–2022. At each of these phases, there has been a mutual adjustment in the foreign pol-icies of Western Hemisphere countries. In 2023, the Biden administration launched several new initiatives aimed at unit-ing several Latin American countries, coinciding with Brazil’s efforts to establish its own macro-regional entity within the context of the changing international relations system. These developments highlight the fact that the Western Hemisphere has two distinct roots: Latin America and North America. For a long time, North America has dominated, allowing the USA to shape the Inter-American system based on its own princi-ples. However, the current trends of deglobalization and the fragmentation of the global landscape are allowing Latin American countries to propose their own ideas for shaping this system in the future. Based on these trends, the author proposes several possible scenarios for the evolution of the Inter-American system.