bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circular RNA circPIP5K1A contributes to cancer stemness of osteosarcoma by miR-515-5p/YAP axis
Authors: Shi Pengxu , Li Yueting , Guo Qingsheng
Published: November 2021

Background

Osteosarcoma is a common type of bone tumors and frequently occurs in children and adolescents. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a unique sub-type of self-renewal cancer cells and the stemness of cancer cells are involved in the spread, recurrence, metastasis, and even therapeutic resistance. However, the regulation mechanisms of CSCs in osteosarcoma are poorly understood. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a unique sort of non-coding RNAs and widely participate in the modulation of cancer progression.

Methods

In this study, we identified the critical function of circular RNA circPIP5K1A in stemness of osteosarcoma cells.

Results

CircPIP5K1A expression was significantly enhanced in clinical osteosarcoma tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues. The depletion of circPIP5K1A by siRNA repressed osteosarcoma cell viabilities and induced osteosarcoma cell apoptosis. The suppression of circPIP5K1A attenuated the capabilities of invasion and migration of osteosarcoma cells. The circPIP5K1A knockdown increased E-Cadherin expression and decreased Vimentin expression in osteosarcoma cells. The sphere formation abilities of osteosarcoma cells were repressed by the depletion of circPIP5K1A. The CD133+CD44+ cell population of osteosarcoma cells was reduced by circPIP5K1A knockdown. The expression of ALDH1 and Nanog was decreased by the inhibition of circPIP5K1A in osteosarcoma cells. Mechanically, circPIP5K1A enhanced YAP expression by targeting miR-515-5p. MiR-515-5p inhibited stemness of osteosarcoma cells. The CSCs properties of osteosarcoma cells were repressed by circPIP5K1A knockdown or miR-515-5p mimic, while miR-515-5p inhibitor or YAP overexpression reversed circPIP5K1A knockdown-induced repression. Tumor xenograft analysis in nude mice demonstrated that the depletion of circPIP5K1A represses osteosarcoma cell growth in vivo.

Conclusion

In conclusion, we identified that circular RNA circPIP5K1A contributed to cancer stemness of osteosarcoma by miR-515-5p/YAP axis. Targeting circPIP5K1A may be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma treatment.
Interleukin-10 improves stroke outcome by controlling the detrimental Interleukin-17A response
Authors: Piepke Marius , Clausen Bettina H. , Ludewig Peter , Vienhues Jonas H. , Bedke Tanja , Javidi Ehsan , Rissiek Björn , Jank Larissa , Brockmann Leonie , Sandrock Inga , Degenhardt Karoline , Jander Alina , Roth Vanessa , Schädlich Ines S. , Prinz Immo , Flavell Richard A. , Kobayashi Yasushi , Renné Thomas , Gerloff Christian , Huber Samuel , Magnus Tim , Gelderblom Mathias
Published: November 2021

Background

Lymphocytes have dichotomous functions in ischemic stroke. Regulatory T cells are protective, while IL-17A from innate lymphocytes promotes the infarct growth. With recent advances of T cell-subtype specific transgenic mouse models it now has become possible to study the complex interplay of T cell subpopulations in ischemic stroke.

Methods

In a murine model of experimental stroke we analyzed the effects of IL-10 on the functional outcome for up to 14 days post-ischemia and defined the source of IL-10 in ischemic brains based on immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and bone-marrow chimeric mice. We used neutralizing IL-17A antibodies, intrathecal IL-10 injections, and transgenic mouse models which harbor a deletion of the IL-10R on distinct T cell subpopulations to further explore the interplay between IL-10 and IL-17A pathways in the ischemic brain.

Results

We demonstrate that IL-10 deficient mice exhibit significantly increased infarct sizes on days 3 and 7 and enlarged brain atrophy and impaired neurological outcome on day 14 following tMCAO. In ischemic brains IL-10 producing immune cells included regulatory T cells, macrophages, and microglia. Neutralization of IL-17A following stroke reversed the worse outcome in IL-10 deficient mice and intracerebral treatment with recombinant IL-10 revealed that IL-10 controlled IL-17A positive lymphocytes in ischemic brains. Importantly, IL-10 acted differentially on αβ and γδ T cells. IL-17A producing CD4+ αβ T cells were directly controlled via their IL-10-receptor (IL-10R), whereas IL-10 by itself had no direct effect on the IL-17A production in γδ T cells. The control of the IL-17A production in γδ T cells depended on an intact IL10R signaling in regulatory T cells (Tregs).

Conclusions

Taken together, our data indicate a key function of IL-10 in restricting the detrimental IL-17A-signaling in stroke and further supports that IL-17A is a therapeutic opportunity for stroke treatment.
A blended educational intervention program on Pap-test related behavior among Iranian women
Authors: Ghalavandi Shahnaz , Zarei Fatemeh , Heidarnia Alireza , Beiranvand Reza
Published: November 2021

Objective

To assess the effect of a blended educational program to promote performing the PST among Iranian women.

Design

In a randomized control trial four main variables; knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and practice about PST was evaluated using a man–made questionnaire for PST.

Setting

Women aged 18–49 living in Andimeshk (Khuzestan, Iran), covered by 16 health centers, participated in study from November 2019 till April 2019.

Method

The educational intervention conducted to increasing women’s performing the PST. The experimental group received an intervention, whereas the control group received usual care. Participants were tested at four-time points: pre-test (baseline), post-test 1 (immediately after the program’s completion) post-test 2 (4 weeks after the program’s completion) and post-test 3 (12 weeks after the program completion).

Results

A total of 84 women with average aged 32.27 (42 in the experimental group, 42 in the control group) were recruited from 16 health centers in Andimeshk, southern Iran. Significant group differences were found at different times in knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and practice about PST.

Conclusion

A blended method was effective in sustaining the effects of the educational program in the experimental group. The development of appropriate teaching method on restricted situation such as COVID-19 pandemic to promote participation is suggested.
Patient characteristics and determinants of CD4 at diagnosis of HIV in Mexico from 2008 to 2017: a 10-year population-based study
Authors: Azamar-Alonso Amilcar , Bautista-Arredondo Sergio A. , Smaill Fiona , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Costa Andrew P. , Tarride Jean-Eric
Published: November 2021

Background

In 2007–2012 the Mexican government launched the National HIV program and there was a major change in HIV policies implemented in 2013–2018, when efforts focused on prevention, increase in early diagnosis and timely treatment. Still, late HIV diagnosis is a major concern in Mexico due to its association with the development of AIDS development and mortality. Thus, the objectives of this study were to identify the determinants of late HIV diagnosis (i.e. CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm3) in Mexico from 2008 to 2017 and to evaluate the impact of the 2013–2017 National HIV program.

Methods

Using patient level data from the SALVAR database, which includes 64% of the population receiving HIV care in Mexico, an adjusted logistic model was conducted. Main study outcomes were HIV late diagnosis which was defined as CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm3 at diagnosis.

Results

The study included 106,830 individuals newly diagnosed with HIV and treated in Mexican public health facilities between 2008 and 2017 (mean age: 33 years old, 80% male). HIV late diagnosis decreased from 45 to 43% (P < 0.001) between 2008 and 2012 and 2013–2017 (i.e. before and after the implementation of the 2013–2017 policy). Multivariable logistic regressions indicated that being diagnosed between 2013 and 2017 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.96 [95% Confidence interval [CI] [0.93, 0.98]) or in health facilities specialized in HIV care (OR = 0.64 [95% CI 0.60, 0.69]) was associated with early diagnosis. Being male, older than 29 years old, diagnosed in Central East, the South region of Mexico or in high-marginalized locality increased the odds of a late diagnosis.

Conclusions

The results of this study indicate that the 2013–2017 National HIV program in Mexico has been marginally successful in decreasing the proportion of individuals with late HIV diagnosis in Mexico. We identified several predictors of late diagnosis which could help establishing health policies. The main determinants for late diagnosis were being male, older than 29 years old, and being diagnosed in a Hospital or National Institute.
Fluctuations in waist circumference increase diabetes risk: a 4-year cohort study in 61,587 older adults
Authors: Wu Linna , Liu Hongyan , Cui Zhuang , Hou Fang , Gong Xiaowen , Zhang Yourui , Lu Chunlan , Liu Hao , Yu Pei
Published: November 2021

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of fluctuations in waist circumference (WC), weight, and body mass index (BMI) on the incidence of diabetes in older adults.

Patients and methods

A prospective cohort of 61,587 older adults (age, 60–96 years) who did not have diabetes at study initiation was examined. Data on weight, BMI, and WC were collected, and participants were followed up until 31 December 2018. The main end point was new-onset diabetes. A Cox regression model was used to estimate the risk of diabetes (hazard ratios [HRs] and confidence intervals [CI]) in these participants.

Results

During a mean follow-up of 3.6 years, being overweight (HR [95% CI] 1.87 [1.62–2.17]), obesity (1.41 [1.26–1.59]), abdominal obesity (1.42 [1.28–1.58]), and obesity plus abdominal obesity at baseline (1.93 [1.66–2.25]) increased the risk of diabetes onset. Compared with older adults who “maintained normal WC”, those who “remained abdominally obese” (HR = 1.66), “became abdominally obese” (HR = 1.58), or “achieved normal WC” (HR = 1.36) were at a higher risk of diabetes onset, as well as those with an increase in WC > 3 cm or > 5% compared with the baseline level. Weight gain or loss > 6 kg or weight gain > 5%, increase or decrease in BMI > 2 kg/m2, or an increase in BMI > 10% were associated with a higher diabetes risk. The diabetes risk was reduced by 19% in overweight older adults who exercised daily.

Conclusion

For older adults, WC, BMI, and healthy weight maintenance reduce the diabetes risk. The findings may provide evidence for developing guidelines of proper weight and WC control for older adults.
Water and nitrogen in-situ imaging detection in live corn leaves using near-infrared camera and interference filter
Authors: Zhang Ning , Li Peng-cheng , Liu Hubin , Huang Tian-cheng , Liu Han , Kong Yu , Dong Zhi-cheng , Yuan Yu-hui , Zhao Long-lian , Li Jun-hui
Published: November 2021

Background

Realizing imaging detection of water and nitrogen content in different regions of plant leaves in-site and real-time can provide an efficient new technology for determining crop drought resistance and nutrient regulation mechanisms, or for use in precision agriculture. Near-infrared imaging is the preferred technology for in-situ real-time detection owing to its non-destructive nature; moreover, it provides rich information. However, the use of hyperspectral imaging technology is limited as it is difficult to use it in field because of its high weight and power.

Results

We developed a smart imaging device using a near-infrared camera and an interference filter; it has a low weight, requires low power, and has a multi-wavelength resolution. The characteristic wavelengths of the filter that realize leaf moisture measurement are 1150 and 1400 nm, respectively, the characteristic wavelength of the filter that realizes nitrogen measurement is 1500 nm, and all filter bandwidths are 25 nm. The prediction result of the average leaf water content model obtained with the device was R2 = 0.930, RMSE = 1.030%; the prediction result of the average nitrogen content model was R2 = 0.750, RMSE = 0.263 g.

Conclusions

Using the average water and nitrogen content model, an image of distribution of water and nitrogen in different areas of corn leaf was obtained, and its distribution characteristics were consistent with the actual leaf conditions. The experimental materials used in this research were fresh leaves in the field, and the test was completed indoors. Further verification of applying the device and model to the field is underway.
Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in plant roots research: a review
Authors: Liu Yang , Li DongMing , Qian Ji , Di Bao , Zhang Gang , Ren ZhenHui
Published: November 2021

Nondestructive testing of plant roots is a hot topic in recent years. The traditional measurement process is time-consuming and laborious, and it is impossible to analyze the state of plant roots without destroying the sample. Recent studies have shown that as an excellent nondestructive measurement method, although electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has made great achievements in many botanical research fields such as plant morphology and stress resistance, there are still limitations. This review summarizes the application of EIS in plant root measurement. The experiment scheme, instrument and electrode, excitation frequency range, root electrical characteristics, equivalent circuit, and combination of EIS and artificial intelligence (AI) are discussed. Furthermore, the review suggests that future research should focus on miniaturization of measurement equipment, standardization of planting environment and intelligentization of root diagnosis, so as to better apply EIS technology to in situ root nondestructive measurement.
Expression of STOML2 promotes proliferation and glycolysis of multiple myeloma cells via upregulating PAI-1
Authors: Zhang Hongxia , Wu Guangsheng , Feng Junjian , Lu Xiaohong , Liu Ping
Published: November 2021

Background

This study aimed to investigate the effects of STOML2 and the relationship between STOML2 and PAI-1 in the development of multiple myeloma (MM).

Methods

Cell proliferation was tested using CCK-8 assay and cell colony formation assay. Glucose consumption, lactate production and ATP level were measured using commercial kits. The mRNA and protein expression were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting, respectively.

Results

Both mRNA and protein expression of STOML2 were upregulated in MM patients compared to healthy volunteers. CCK-8 and colony formation assays demonstrated that STOML2 silencing inhibited cell proliferation in MM cells. Knockdown of STOML2 reduced glucose consumption, lactate production and ATP/ADP ratios. STOML2 silencing by shSTOML2 led to reduced PAI-1 expression. Overexpression of PAI-1 reversed the inhibitory effects of shSTOML2 on MM cell growth.

Conclusion

Results from this study demonstrated that STOML2 silencing inhibits cell proliferation and glycolysis through downregulation of PAI-1 expression, suggesting a new therapeutic target for MM.
Global prevalence of osteoporosis among the world older adults: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Salari Nader , Darvishi Niloofar , Bartina Yalda , Larti Mojdeh , Kiaei Aliakbar , Hemmati Mahvan , Shohaimi Shamarina , Mohammadi Masoud
Published: November 2021

Background

Osteoporosis is one of the most common bone system diseases that is associated with an increased risk of bone fractures and causes many complications for patients. With age, the prevalence of this disease increases so that it has become a serious problem among the elders. In this study, the prevalence of osteoporosis among elders around the world is examined to gain an understanding of its prevalence pattern.

Methods

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, articles that have focused on prevalence of osteoporosis in the world’s elders were searched with these key words, such as Prevalence, Osteoporosis, Elders, Older adult in the Science Direct, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science (WoS) databases and Google Scholar search engine, and extracted without time limit until March 2020 and transferred to information management software (EndNote). Then, duplicate studies were eliminated and the remaining studies were evaluated in terms of screening, competence and qualitative evaluation based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 2) and Begg and Mazumdar test was used to check the publication bias and I2 test was used to check the heterogeneity.

Results

In a review of 40 studies (31 studies related to Asia, 5 studies related to Europe and 4 studies related to America) with a total sample size of 79,127 people, the prevalence of osteoporosis in the elders of the world; 21.7% (95% confidence interval: 18.8–25%) and the overall prevalence of osteoporosis in older men and women in the world, 35.3% (95% confidence interval: 27.9–43.4%), 12.5% (95% confidence interval: 9.3–16.7%) was reported. Also, the highest prevalence of osteoporosis in the elders was reported in Asia with; 24.3% (95% confidence interval: 20.9–28.1%).

Conclusion

The results of the present study showed that the prevalence of osteoporosis in the elders and especially elders' women is very high. Osteoporosis was once thought to be an inseparable part of elders’ lives. Nowadays, Osteoporosis can be prevented due to significant scientific advances in its causes, diagnosis, and treatment. Regarding the growing number of elderly people in the world, it is necessary for health policy-makers to think of measures to prevent and treat osteoporosis among the elders.
Sex and the streets: the open secret of sexual abuse among Pakistan’s two million street children
Authors: Sohail Amir Humza , Maan Muhammad Hassaan Arif , Sohail Sachal
Published: November 2021

Background

About two million children live on the streets in Pakistan. Their complicated past and dire living conditions make them susceptible to many psychological and physical problems, including sexual abuse.

Main body

With little research on the topic, the prevalence of sexual intercourse among street children is reported to be as high as 88% in Pakistan. With commercial sex a common practice among the street children, public places such as bus terminals and parks have become foci of prostitution and sexual exploitation. A growing concern is the spread of HIV/AIDS among the affected children due to a general lack of awareness about the disease and its prevention and high prevalence of unsafe sexual practices. The generally apathetic attitude of the society towards this issue and the affected children, combined with a lack of commitment and limited resource allocation by the government, has contributed in deteriorating the situation further.

Conclusions

A comprehensive multi-pronged strategy involving government, societal and international stakeholders is crucial to tackle the current crisis.
Pressure dressings versus nonpressure dressings after hemorrhoidectomy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xue Ping , Wu Jing , Zhu Ping , Wang Dan , Xu Mei , Zhang Yi , Lu Guanmao , Chen Quanyi , Zhang Qin , Tang Renjin , Fang Jinbo
Published: November 2021

Background

Pressure dressings have been used after open hemorrhoidectomy to protect surgical wounds and manage postoperative bleeding for many years. However, pressure dressings may increase the incidence of postoperative complications, such as urinary retention, medical adhesive-related skin injury, and pain. A previous controlled trial included 67 patients who underwent Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy. The data indicated that the use of a nonpressure dressing after hemorrhoidectomy reduces the incidence of urinary retention and catheterization. However, the incidence of severe postoperative bleeding and other postoperative complications was not assessed. There is no consensus on whether it is necessary and beneficial to use a nonpressure dressing after hemorrhoidectomy. The results of this randomized clinical study will help answer this question.

Methods

In this study, we plan to include 186 patients who have undergone modified Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy, which only sutured external hemorrhoids to reduce the risk of bleeding. The purpose is to determine whether the use of nonpressure dressings after open hemorrhoidectomy is inferior to the use of pressure dressings in terms of severe postoperative bleeding and postoperative complications. The primary endpoints of the trial are the incidence of urinary retention within 24 h after surgery and the incidence of severe postoperative bleeding 1 h after dressing removal, which requires revision surgery within 24 h after the surgery. The secondary endpoints of the study are the pain score, anal distension score, postoperative use of analgesics, and incidence of medical adhesive-related skin injury, all of which will be assessed before removing the dressings. The length of hospitalization in days and hospitalization expenses will be recorded. Safety will be assessed with consideration of all adverse and severe adverse events related to the study treatment.

Discussion

The study received full ethics committee approval. The first patient was enrolled on 27 November 2020. The results of this trial will finally answer the question of whether a nonpressure dressing after open hemorrhoidectomy is necessary and beneficial.

Trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000040283. Registered on 28 November 2020.
Dexmedetomidine vs. lidocaine for postoperative analgesia in pediatric patients undergoing craniotomy: a protocol for a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Bao Di , Chi Dongmei , Li Lu , Liu Bin , Zhang Di , Qiao Lanxin , Liang Yi , Wang Yaxin , Jin Xu
Published: November 2021

Background

Postoperative pain is a common problem that occurs in pediatric patients following neurosurgery which may lead to severe complications. Dexmedetomidine is a commonly used adjuvant medicine in craniotomy owing to its sedative, amnestic, analgesic, and neuroprotective properties. Besides, studies suggest that lidocaine has similar effects on sedation, analgesia, and neuroprotection. Both two adjuvants can reduce postoperative pain after neurosurgery in adults. However, it is still unknown whether dexmedetomidine or lidocaine can reduce postoperative pain in children undergoing craniotomy, and if yes, which is a better medicine choice. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effect of dexmedetomidine vs. lidocaine on postoperative pain in pediatric patients after craniotomy.

Methods/design

We will perform a randomized (1:1:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center trial. Children aged 1–12 years scheduled for craniotomy will be eligible for inclusion. The 255 recruited participants will be stratified by age in two strata (1–6 years and 7–12 years), and then each stratum will be equally randomized to three groups: group D (infusion of dexmedetomidine [intervention group]), group L (infusion of lidocaine [intervention group]), and group C (infusion of normal saline [control group]). Patients will be followed up at 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 24 h, and 48 h after surgery. The primary outcome will be total sufentanil consumption within 24 h after surgery.

Discussion

In this clinical trial, we expect to clarify and compare the postoperative analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine vs. lidocaine infusion on pediatric patients undergoing craniotomy. We believe that the results of this trial will provide more choices for postoperative analgesia for the pediatric population.

Trial registration

Chinese ClinicalTrials.gov ChiCTR1800019411. Registered on 10 November 2018
Effects of naringenin supplementation in overweight/obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: study protocol for a randomized double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Naeini Fatemeh , Namkhah Zahra , Tutunchi Helda , Rezayat Seyed Mahdi , Mansouri Siavash , Jazayeri-Tehrani Seyed Ali , Yaseri Mehdi , Hosseinzadeh-Attar Mohammad Javad
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the main causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. Flavonoids, a group of natural compounds, have garnered a great deal of attention in the management of NAFLD because of their profitable effects on glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress which are the pivotal pathophysiological pathways in NAFLD. Naringenin is a citrus-derived flavonoid with a broad spectrum of potential biological effects including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may exert protective effects against NAFLD. The present clinical trial aims to examine the efficacy of naringenin supplementation on plasma adiponectin and neurogulin-4 (NRG-4) concentrations, metabolic parameters, and liver function indices in overweight/obese patients with NAFLD.

Methods and analysis

This is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study that will investigate the impacts of naringenin supplementation in overweight/obese patients with NAFLD. Liver ultrasonography will be applied to diagnose NAFLD. Forty-four eligible overweight/obese subjects with NAFLD will be selected and randomly assigned to receive naringenin capsules or identical placebo (each capsule contains 100 mg of naringenin or cellulose), twice daily for 4 weeks. Participants will be asked to remain on their usual diet and physical activity. Safety of naringenin supplementation was confirmed by the study pharmacist. The primary outcome of this study is changes in adiponectin circulating levels. The secondary outcomes include changes in NRG-4 levels, liver function indices, metabolic parameters, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, and hematological parameters. Statistical analysis will be conducted using the SPSS software (version 25), and P value less than 0.05 will be regarded as statistically significant.

Discussion

We hypothesize that naringenin administration may be useful for treating NAFLD by modulating energy balance, glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation through different mechanisms. The current trial will exhibit the effects of naringenin, whether negative or positive, on NAFLD status.

Ethical aspects

The current trial received approval from the Medical Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (IR.TUMS.MEDICNE.REC.1399.439).

Trial registration

Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT201311250155336N12. Registered on 6 June 2020
Endothelial CCR6 expression due to FLI1 deficiency contributes to vasculopathy associated with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Ikawa Tetsuya , Miyagawa Takuya , Fukui Yuki , Toyama Satoshi , Omatsu Jun , Awaji Kentaro , Norimatsu Yuta , Watanabe Yusuke , Yoshizaki Ayumi , Sato Shinichi , Asano Yoshihide
Published: November 2021

Background

We have recently demonstrated that serum CCL20 levels positively correlate with mean pulmonary arterial pressure in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Considering a proangiogenic effect of CCL20 on endothelial cells via CCR6, the CCL20/CCR6 axis may contribute to the development of SSc vasculopathy. Therefore, we explored this hypothesis using clinical samples, cultured cells, and murine SSc models.

Methods

The expression levels of CCL20 and CCR6 in the skin, mRNA levels of target genes, and the binding of transcription factor FLI1 to the target gene promoter were evaluated by immunostaining, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and chromatin immunoprecipitation, respectively. Vascular permeability was evaluated by Evans blue dye injection in bleomycin-treated mice. Angiogenic activity of endothelial cells was assessed by in vitro angiogenesis assay.

Results

CCL20 expression was significantly elevated in dermal fibroblasts of patients with early diffuse cutaneous SSc, while CCR6 was significantly up-regulated in dermal small vessels of SSc patients irrespective of disease subtypes and disease duration. In human dermal microvascular endothelial cells, FLI1 siRNA induced the expression of CCR6, but not CCL20, and FLI1 bound to the CCR6 promoter. Importantly, vascular permeability, a representative SSc-like vascular feature of bleomycin-treated mice, was attenuated by Ccr6 siRNA treatment, and CCR6 siRNA suppressed the angiogenic activity of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells assayed by in vitro tube formation.

Conclusions

The increased expression of endothelial CCR6 due to FLI1 deficiency may contribute to the development of SSc vasculopathy.
The efficacy of intermittent pneumatic compression and negative pressure therapy on muscle function, soreness and serum indices of muscle damage: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wiecha Szczepan , Jarocka Martyna , Wiśniowski Paweł , Cieśliński Maciej , Price Szymon , Makaruk Bartłomiej , Kotowska Jadwiga , Drabarek Dorota , Cieśliński Igor , Sacewicz Tomasz
Published: November 2021

Background

The study aimed to assess whether intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) and intermittent negative pressure (INP) would attenuate the muscle damaging effects of eccentric exercise.

Methods

Forty-five healthy males were recruited. Immediately post, 24 and 48 h post eccentric exercise consisting of 100 drop jumps, volunteers randomly received 30-min sessions of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC, n = 15) or intermittent negative pressure (INP, n = 15), or sham microcurrent (PT, n = 15). Creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), isokinetic muscle strength, soreness and active flexion of the knee joint were measured after every therapy session.

Results

No significant intergroup differences were observed in biochemical or functional measurements. However, there was an increase in muscle soreness (P < 0.05), CK and LDH activity (P < 0.05), and a reduction in muscle strength (P < 0.05) and range of active knee flexion (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The prescription of IPC and INP did not attenuate the reduction of markers to muscle function or pain perception up to 48 h after muscle damaging exercise. Future research should focus on the potential impact of treatment frequency and duration on muscle recovery.

Trial registration The study was retrospectively registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR); The trial registration number: ACTRN12621001294842; date of registration: 24/09/2021.
Lactic acid bacterial bacteriocins and their bioactive properties against food-associated antibiotic-resistant bacteria
Authors: Imade Emmanuel Edoghogho , Omonigho Solomon Esharegoma , Babalola Olubukola Oluranti , Enagbonma Ben Jesuorsemwen
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Incidence of foodborne diseases and growing resistance of pathogens to classical antibiotics is a major concern in the food industry. Consequently, there is increasing demand for safe foods with fewer chemical additives but natural products which are not harmful to the consumers. Bacteriocins, produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), is of interest because they are active in a nanomolar range, do not have toxic effects, and are readily available in fermented food products.

Methods

In this research, LAB were isolated fromfufu,gari,kunu,nono, andogiusing De Mann, Rogosa, and Sharpe agar. Cell-free supernatants were prepared from 18-24 h LAB culture grown on MRS broth. Effect of organic acid was eliminated by adjusting the pH of the supernatants to 7.0 with 1M NaOH while the effect of hydrogen peroxide was eliminated by treating with Catalase enzyme. The supernatant was then filter-sterilized using a membrane filtration unit with a 0.2-μm pore size millipore filter and subjected to agar well diffusion assay against foodborne antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Result

A total of 162 isolates were obtained from the food samples. The antimicrobial sensitivity test yielded positive results for 45 LAB isolates againstStaphylococcus aureusATCC 25923 while 52 LAB isolates inhibitedEscherichia coliATCC 25922.On confirmation of the bacteriocinogenic nature of the inhibitory substance, 4 of the LAB isolates displayed a remarkable degree of inhibition toLeuconostoc mesenteroides,Salmonella typhimurium, andBacillus cereus.Agar well diffusion assay was also performed against antibiotic-resistant foodborne pathogens using the cell-free supernatant (CFS) obtained fromLactobacillus fermentumstrain NBRC15885 (Limosilactobacillus fermentum),Lactobacillus fermentumstrain CIP102980 (Limosilactobacillus fermentum),Lactobacillus plantarumstrain JCM1149 (Lactiplantibacillus garii), andLactobacillus natensisstrain LP33 (Companilactobacillus nantensis). The foodborne pathogens exhibited a notable level of resistance to antibiotics, withB. cereusexhibiting a resistance profile of 40%,S. aureus(50%),K. pnuemoniae(70%),E. coli(60%), andS. typhi(40%). The (CFS) was able to inhibit the growth ofB. cereus,Klebsiella pneumonia,S. typhimurium,S. aureus, andE. coli.

Conclusion

Therefore, it portends that the bacteriocins produced by the LAB isolated from these food products could act as probiotics for effective inhibition of the growth of antibiotic-resistant foodborne pathogens.
HR-MPF: high-resolution representation network with multi-scale progressive fusion for pulmonary nodule segmentation and classification
Authors: Zhu Ling , Zhu Hongqing , Yang Suyi , Wang Pengyu , Yu Yang
Published: November 2021

Accurate segmentation and classification of pulmonary nodules are of great significance to early detection and diagnosis of lung diseases, which can reduce the risk of developing lung cancer and improve patient survival rate. In this paper, we propose an effective network for pulmonary nodule segmentation and classification at one time based on adversarial training scheme. The segmentation network consists of a High-Resolution network with Multi-scale Progressive Fusion (HR-MPF) and a proposed Progressive Decoding Module (PDM) recovering final pixel-wise prediction results. Specifically, the proposed HR-MPF firstly incorporates boosted module to High-Resolution Network (HRNet) in a progressive feature fusion manner. In this case, feature communication is augmented among all levels in this high-resolution network. Then, downstream classification module would identify benign and malignant pulmonary nodules based on feature map from PDM. In the adversarial training scheme, a discriminator is set to optimize HR-MPF and PDM through back propagation. Meanwhile, a reasonably designed multi-task loss function optimizes performance of segmentation and classification overall. To improve the accuracy of boundary prediction crucial to nodule segmentation, a boundary consistency constraint is designed and incorporated in the segmentation loss function. Experiments on publicly available LUNA16 dataset show that the framework outperforms relevant advanced methods in quantitative evaluation and visual perception.
On strong singular fractional version of the Sturm–Liouville equation
Authors: Shabibi Mehdi , Zada Akbar , Masiha Hashem Parvaneh , Rezapour Shahram
Published: November 2021

The Sturm–Liouville equation is among the significant differential equations having many applications, and a lot of researchers have studied it. Up to now, different versions of this equation have been reviewed, but one of its most attractive versions is its strong singular version. In this work, we investigate the existence of solutions for the strong singular version of the fractional Sturm–Liouville differential equation with multi-points integral boundary conditions. Also, the continuity depending on coefficients of the initial condition of the equation is examined. An example is proposed to demonstrate our main result.
Geometric modeling of some engineering GBT-Bézier surfaces with shape parameters and their applications
Authors: Maqsood Sidra , Abbas Muhammad , Miura Kenjiro T. , Majeed Abdul , BiBi Samia , Nazir Tahir
Published: November 2021

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3

continuous computer-based surfaces that are modeled by using generalized blended trigonometric Bézier (shortly, GBT-Bézier) curves with shape parameters. Initially, generalized blended trigonometric Bernstein-like (shortly, GBTB) basis functions with two shape parameters are derived in explicit expression which satisfied the basic geometric features of the traditional Bernstein basis functions. Moreover, the GBT-Bézier curves and tensor product GBT-Bézier surfaces with two shape parameters are also presented. All geometric features of the proposed GBT-Bézier curves and surfaces are similar to the traditional Bézier curves and surfaces, but the shape-adjustment is the additional feature that the traditional Bézier curves and surfaces do not hold. Finally, a class of some complex computer-based engineering surfaces via GBT-Bézier curves with shape parameters is presented. In addition, two adjacent GBT-Bézier surfaces segments are connected by higher $C^{2}$

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and $C^{3}$

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continuity constraints than the existing only $C^{1}$

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shape adjustable Bézier surfaces. Some practical examples are provided to show the efficiency of the proposed scheme and to prove it as another powerful way for the construction and modeling of various complex composite computer-based engineering surfaces using higher-order continuities.
An analysis on the controllability and stability to some fractional delay dynamical systems on time scales with impulsive effects
Authors: Pervaiz Bakhtawar , Zada Akbar , Etemad Sina , Rezapour Shahram
Published: November 2021

In this article, we establish a new class of mixed integral fractional delay dynamic systems with impulsive effects on time scales. We investigate the qualitative properties of the considered systems. In fact, the article contains three segments, and the first segment is devoted to investigating the existence and uniqueness results. In the second segment, we study the stability analysis, while the third segment is devoted to investigating the controllability criterion. We use the Leray–Schauder and Banach fixed point theorems to prove our results. Moreover, the obtained results are examined with the help of an example.
A parallel Tseng’s splitting method for solving common variational inclusion applied to signal recovery problems
Authors: Suparatulatorn Raweerote , Cholamjiak Watcharaporn , Gibali Aviv , Mouktonglang Thanasak
Published: November 2021

In this work we propose an accelerated algorithm that combines various techniques, such as inertial proximal algorithms, Tseng’s splitting algorithm, and more, for solving the common variational inclusion problem in real Hilbert spaces. We establish a strong convergence theorem of the algorithm under standard and suitable assumptions and illustrate the applicability and advantages of the new scheme for signal recovering problem arising in compressed sensing.
Molecular subclassification of gastrointestinal cancers based on cancer stem cell traits
Authors: Li Mei-Mei , Yuan Jun , Guan Xin-Yuan , Ma Ning-Fang , Liu Ming
Published: November 2021

Human gastrointestinal malignancies are highly heterogeneous cancers. Clinically, heterogeneity largely contributes to tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Heterogeneity within gastrointestinal cancers is defined by molecular subtypes in genomic and transcriptomic analyses. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been demonstrated to be a major source of tumor heterogeneity; therefore, assessing tumor heterogeneity by CSC trait-guided classification of gastrointestinal cancers is essential for the development of effective therapies. CSCs share critical features with embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Molecular investigations have revealed that embryonic genes and developmental signaling pathways regulating the properties of ESCs or cell lineage differentiation are abnormally active and might be oncofetal drivers in certain tumor subtypes. Currently, multiple strategies allow comprehensive identification of tumor subtype-specific oncofetal signatures and evaluation of subtype-specific therapies. In this review, we summarize current knowledge concerning the molecular classification of gastrointestinal malignancies based on CSC features and elucidate their clinical relevance. We also outline strategies for molecular subtype identification and subtype-based therapies. Finally, we explore how clinical implementation of tumor classification by CSC subtype might facilitate the development of more effective personalized therapies for gastrointestinal cancers.
RNA-seq driven expression and enrichment analysis to investigate CVD genes with associated phenotypes among high-risk heart failure patients
Authors: Ahmed Zeeshan , Zeeshan Saman , Liang Bruce T.
Published: November 2021

Background

Heart failure (HF) is one of the most common complications of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and among the leading causes of death in the US. Many other CVDs can lead to increased mortality as well. Investigating the genetic epidemiology and susceptibility to CVDs is a central focus of cardiology and biomedical life sciences. Several studies have explored expression of key CVD genes specially in HF, yet new targets and biomarkers for early diagnosis are still missing to support personalized treatment. Lack of gender-specific cardiac biomarker thresholds in men and women may be the reason for CVD underdiagnosis in women, and potentially increased morbidity and mortality as a result, or conversely, an overdiagnosis in men. In this context, it is important to analyze the expression and enrichment of genes with associated phenotypes and disease-causing variants among high-risk CVD populations.

Methods

We performed RNA sequencing focusing on key CVD genes with a great number of genetic associations to HF. Peripheral blood samples were collected from a broad age range of adult male and female CVD patients. These patients were clinically diagnosed with CVDs and CMS/HCC HF, as well as including cardiomyopathy, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, asthma, high cholesterol, hernia, chronic kidney, joint pain, dizziness and giddiness, osteopenia of multiple sites, chest pain, osteoarthritis, and other diseases.

Results

We report RNA-seq driven case–control study to analyze patterns of expression in genes and differentiating the pathways, which differ between healthy and diseased patients. Our in-depth gene expression and enrichment analysis of RNA-seq data from patients with mostly HF and other CVDs on differentially expressed genes and CVD annotated genes revealed 4,885 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and regulation of 41 genes known for HF and 23 genes related to other CVDs, with 15 DEGs as significantly expressed including four genes already known (FLNA, CST3, LGALS3, and HBA1) for HF and CVDs with the enrichment of many pathways. Furthermore, gender and ethnic group specific analysis showed shared and unique genes between the genders, and among different races. Broadening the scope of the results in clinical settings, we have linked the CVD genes with ICD codes.

Conclusions

Many pathways were found to be enriched, and gender-specific analysis showed shared and unique genes between the genders. Additional testing of these genes may lead to the development of new clinical tools to improve diagnosis and prognosis of CVD patients.
Validation of the French ADNM-20 in the assessment of emotional difficulties resulting from COVID-19 quarantine and outbreak
Authors: Vancappel A. , Jansen E. , Bachem R. , Bray A. , Egreteau L. , Réveillère C. , Maercker A. , El-Hage W.
Published: November 2021

Background

Multiple psychological consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak and quarantine have been described. However, there is a lack of global conceptualization. We argue that the stressful aspects of the situation, the multiple environmental consequences of the outbreak, and the diversity of symptoms observed in such a situation, suggest that Adjustment disorder (AD) is a promising way to conceptualize the psychological consequences of the outbreak and quarantine. The first aim of the study was to validate the French version of the ADNM. The second aim was to set out adjustment difficulties resulting from COVID-19 outbreak and quarantine.

Method

We recruited 1010 (840 women, 170 men) who consented online to participate. They filled out the French ADNM, visual analogic scales, HADS, IES, and the COPE, to evaluate coping strategies.

Results

We confirmed the factor structure of the ADNM and we found good psychometric properties. We found that 61.3% of participants presented an adjustment disorder related to COVID-19 outbreak. We found multiple risk factors and protective factors to AD due to quarantine and outbreak. We also identified the coping strategies negatively and positively associated with AD.

Conclusion

Adjustment disorder is a relevant concept to understand psychological manifestations caused by quarantine and outbreak. The French ANDM has good psychometric properties to evaluate such manifestations. The association between coping strategies and AD symptoms suggest that CBT may be the best intervention to help people suffering from AD.
Roads constrain movement across behavioural processes in a partially migratory ungulate
Authors: Passoni Gioele , Coulson Tim , Ranc Nathan , Corradini Andrea , Hewison A. J. Mark , Ciuti Simone , Gehr Benedikt , Heurich Marco , Brieger Falko , Sandfort Robin , Mysterud Atle , Balkenhol Niko , Cagnacci Francesca
Published: November 2021

Background

Human disturbance alters animal movement globally and infrastructure, such as roads, can act as physical barriers that impact behaviour across multiple spatial scales. In ungulates, roads can particularly hamper key ecological processes such as dispersal and migration, which ensure functional connectivity among populations, and may be particularly important for population performance in highly human-dominated landscapes. The impact of roads on some aspects of ungulate behaviour has already been studied. However, potential differences in response to roads during migration, dispersal and home range movements have never been evaluated. Addressing these issues is particularly important to assess the resistance of European landscapes to the range of wildlife movement processes, and to evaluate how animals adjust to anthropogenic constraints.

Methods

We analysed 95 GPS trajectories from 6 populations of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) across the Alps and central Europe. We investigated how roe deer movements were affected by landscape characteristics, including roads, and we evaluated potential differences in road avoidance among resident, migratory and dispersing animals (hereafter, movement modes). First, using Net Squared Displacement and a spatio-temporal clustering algorithm, we classified individuals as residents, migrants or dispersers. We then identified the start and end dates of the migration and dispersal trajectories, and retained only the GPS locations that fell between those dates (i.e., during transience). Finally, we used the resulting trajectories to perform an integrated step selection analysis.

Results

We found that roe deer moved through more forested areas during the day and visited less forested areas at night. They also minimised elevation gains and losses along their movement trajectories. Road crossings were strongly avoided at all times of day, but when they occurred, they were more likely to occur during longer steps and in more forested areas. Road avoidance did not vary among movement modes and, during dispersal and migration, it remained high and consistent with that expressed during home range movements.

Conclusions

Roads can represent a major constraint to movement across modes and populations, potentially limiting functional connectivity at multiple ecological scales. In particular, they can affect migrating individuals that track seasonal resources, and dispersing animals searching for novel ranges.