bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les influences de l’Église orthodoxe en Hongrie aux X è XIII è siècle
Authors: Kiss Gergely
Published: May 2022

The present paper on the one hand enumer ate s the different aspects of the presence of orthodox y a mong Hungarians and in Hungary during the 10 th 13 th centruries, and on the other hand it analyses the possible reasons of the disparition of the rests of the B yzantine church in the 1200s.
The Image of the Enemy: Poles and Lithuanians in Russian Literary and Chancery Sources of the Late 16th and Early 17th Centuries
Authors: Sashalmi Endre
Published: May 2022

The paper inte nds to highlight what the learned Muscovite perception of Russia’s Western neighbour, Poland Lithuania was in an era of intensive conflict represented by the Livonian War (1558 1583) and the Time of Troubles (1598 1613). The sources analysed convey the mes sage that the wars waged by Russia were religious wars. The paper gives the outlines of the emergence of the anti Latin attitude in Russia from the 13 th century on and explores the appearance of the stereotype, the “Polish Lithuanian people” common in the sources of early 17 th century Muscovy.
Anmerkungen zur frühen Geschichte der Kirchen von Neutra und Pressburg (Über die Texttradition des 22. Artikels des ersten Gesetzbuches Königs Koloman)
Authors: Thoroczkay Gábor
Published: May 2022

This work deals with the early history of the collegiate churches of Bratislava and Nitra in the 11th and 12th centuries. This paper aims yet to unfold the connections between the archdeaconries and collegiate churches in Hungary during the Arpadian age.
Die Papsturkunde als Produkt unterschiedlicher Rechtsvorstellungen am Beispiel der päpstlichen Beziehungen zum Erzbistum Toledo Ende des 11. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Holndonner Andreas
Published: May 2022

This article deals with the question, how and why the archbishopric of Toledo could achieve the restoration of its old status as seat of the primas over the whole Iberian Peninsula in 1088 from Pope Urban II. Only 20 years before the African Moors invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 711 the Toledan primacy had been set up by the Visigothic kings. In those times the Roman Papacy played no special role in Visigothic ecclesiastical affairs. But at the end of the 11th century the papacy claimed to be the leader of the whole Christian church, so why did Urban II affirm the claims for primacy of Toledo that should turn Archbishop Bernard of Toledo into a rival of the papal claims for primacy on the Iberian Peninsula? In the opinion of the author two different traditions of canon law clashed in 1088, when archbishop Bernard tried to come to terms with Pope Urban II in the question of the Toledan primacy: on the one hand the Collectio Hispana, containing old visigothic ecclesiastical law, and on the other hand the Decretales Pseudo-Isidorianae from the 9th century.
Umanisti del capitolo di Várad con esperienza di studio in Italia (1440–1526)
Authors: Kristóf Ilona
Published: May 2022

Evidence shows that 32% of the 130 canons of the Chapter of Várad had studied at university in the researched period. According to the findings the scholary activities of the members of the Chapter of Várad were very similar to those in Transdanubian chapters in the discussed period (Pozsony, Győr, Fehérvár, Buda, Pécs). Though there is a difference in their preferences, higher ratio of canons of Várad studied at university (65%) went to the Italian universities and received a degree, than their Transdanubian fellow canons. In the analyse we have to highlight two periods – bishopric of János Vitéz in the mid-15th century, and the beginning of the 16th century. János Vitéz as a bishop did not only take great care of his nephews’ education, but he also made other young talented men possible to study abroad. Besides organizing humanist circles in his court as bishop and archbishop, he also managed to create a sense of co-operation in the future generation of intellectual elite. In the second part of the 15th and the beginning of the 16th century the number of canons studying increased. Perhaps it was due to the impact of György Szatmári humanist bishop’s court. In spite of the uncertainties, some conclusions can be reached comparing the canons from the two given periods and the humanist circles in Várad in the 15th and 16th centuries. In both cases the role of a patron – Vitéz and Szatmári – was of utmost importance. They meant guarantee in person for the cooperation of scholarly communities Vitéz’s circle consisted primarily of foreigners, who brought the new ideas to Hungary, and his alumni only spent a short time in Várad as ordinary canons, because this position in Várad provided a perfect opportunity for talented young men to rise to higher positions. But the humanists in Várad in the early 16th century were mostly Hungarians and served in Várad as canons for a long period. The collection and edition of the works of Janus Pannonius who was almost admired as an idol became more important. It could be even more important under bishops Szatmári, Thurzó and Perényi, considering Janus’s and his uncle’s connections with Várad. Besides the individuals’ personal qualities and the “tradition” which created by Vitéz, proper financial conditions also contributed to the flourishing of humanism in Várad.
Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini and the Hungarian Succession
Authors: Sashalmi Endre
Published: May 2022

The words taken as the motto of the study are quoted from the letter written by Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini in 1445 who was in the service of Frederick III at that time. The letter was addressed to the Archbishop of Esztergom with the purpose to persuade him and the magnates of Hungary to accept Ladislaus Postnatus (the relative of Frederick III) King of Hungary. Piccolomini’s argument, in the last resort, is based on the principle of public utility which is well attested by the motto: internal discord and division on the one hand, external threat on the other, postulate the necessity of a king − this is the dominant motif of the letter. Arguing in favour of royal government he states that monarchy is more appropriate for the Hungarians than popular government because of Hungary’s long tradition of being a kingdom. Citing different proofs such as ius gentium, papal disposition, ancient observation as the grounds of Ladislaus’s hereditary right, the view of the author can be seen as a learned discussion of the problem of succession in general since Piccolomini was one of the most erudite intellectuals of his age.
Mutatis mutandis?
Authors: Kiss Gergely
Published: May 2022

Mutatis mutandis? Changing of Jurisdictional Theories of Some Hungarian Prelates in the Second Half of the Twelfth and in the First Half of Thirteenth Centuries

The present paper aims to analyse the jurisdictional theories of some prelates (Lucas, Job, John and Robert, archbishops of Esztergom, Kalocsa and bishop of Veszprém) who had determining influence on the development of the Hungarian ecclesiastical hierarchy in the second half of the twelfth and the first half of thirteenth centuries. I study whether their transition to other (arch)bishopric seat(s) generated or not any changes in the jurisdictional theories, and if so, how contradictory or consequent they were.
Written and Visual Representations of Russian History in the 1660s
Authors: Sashalmi Endre
Published: May 2022

The relations between tsar Alexis and patriarch Nikon between 1652–1658 can be seen as the realization of the Byzantine idea of symphony, but there was a sharp break from 1658 on which finally led to the deposition of Nikon. It means that by the time Fedor Griboedov set out to write his work in the 1660s, the symphony between the tsar and the patriarch had already been over. The ideological struggle between the tsar and the patriarch exerted a great influence on the chronicle which must be interpreted in the context of this conflict. Griboedov’s chronicle completely abandoned the idea of symphony apparent in the Book of Degrees, though its structure closely resembled the latter and it quoted extensively from the Book of Degrees. The icon called The Planting of the Tree of the Muscovite State painted by Ushakov was a visual representation of the symphony existing only during Moscow’s historical past, and it also connected the salvation of Russia to the piety of the tsar and his family.
Evidence for the Normalization Effects of Medication for Opioid Use Disorder on Functional Connectivity in Neonates with Prenatal Opioid Exposure
Authors: Liu Janelle , Grewen Karen , Gao Wei
Published: May 2022

Altered functional connectivity has been reported in infants with prenatal exposure to opioids, which significantly interrupts and influences endogenous neurotransmitter/receptor signaling during fetal programming. Better birth outcomes and long-term developmental outcomes are associated with medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) during pregnancy, but the neural mechanisms underlying these benefits are largely unknown. We aimed to characterize effects of prenatal opioid/other drug exposure (PODE) and the neural basis for the reported beneficial effects of MOUD by examining neonatal brain functional organization. A cohort of 109 human newborns, 42 PODE, 39 with prenatal exposure to drugs excluding opioids (PDE), 28 drug-free controls (males and females) underwent resting-state fMRI at 2 weeks of age. To examine neural effects of MOUD, PODE infants were separated into subgroups based on whether mothers received MOUD (n= 31) or no treatment (n= 11). A novel heatmap analysis was designed to characterize PODE-associated functional connectivity alterations and MOUD-related effects, and permutation testing identified regions of interest with significant effects. PODE neonates showed alterations beyond those associated with PDE, particularly in reward-related frontal-sensory connectivity. MOUD was associated with a significant reduction of PODE-related alterations in key regions of endogenous opioid pathways including limbic and frontal connections. However, significant residual effects in limbic and subcortical circuitry were observed. These findings confirm altered brain functional organization associated with PODE. Importantly, widespread normalization effects associated with MOUD reveal, for the first time, the potential brain basis of the beneficial effects of MOUD on the developing brain and underscore the importance of this treatment intervention for better developmental outcomes.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis is the first study to reveal the potential neural mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects on the neonate brain associated with MOUD during pregnancy. We identified both normalization and residual effects of MOUD on brain functional architecture by directly comparing neonates prenatally exposed to opioids with MOUD and those exposed to opioids but without MOUD. Our findings confirm altered brain functional organization associated with prenatal opioid exposure and demonstrate that although significant residual effects remain in reward circuitry, MOUD confers significant normalization effects on functional connectivity of regions associated with socioemotional development and reward processing. Together, our results highlight the importance of MOUD intervention for better neurodevelopmental outcomes.
PWWP2B promotes DNA end resection and homologous recombination
Authors: Ju Min Kyung , Lee Joo Rak , Choi Yeonsong , Park Seon Young , Sul Hee Jung , Chung Hee Jin , An Soyeong , Lee Semin , Jung Eunyoung , Kim Bohyun , Choi Bo Youn , Kim Bum Jun , Kim Hyeong Su , Lim Hyun , Kang Ho Suk , Soh Jae Seung , Myung Kyungjae , Kim Kab Choong , Cho Ji Woong , Seo Jinwon , Kim Tae Moon , Lee Ja Yil , Kim Yonghwan , Kim Hongtae , Zang Dae Young
Published: May 2022

Genome instability is one of the leading causes of gastric cancers. However, the mutational landscape of driver genes in gastric cancer is poorly understood. Here, we investigate somatic mutations in 25 Korean gastric adenocarcinoma patients using whole‐exome sequencing and show that PWWP2B is one of the most frequently mutated genes. PWWP2B mutation correlates with lower cancer patient survival. We find that PWWP2B has a role in DNA double‐strand break repair. As a nuclear protein, PWWP2B moves to sites of DNA damage through its interaction with UHRF1. Depletion of PWWP2B enhances cellular sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR) and impairs IR‐induced foci formation of RAD51. PWWP2B interacts with MRE11 and participates in homologous recombination via promoting DNA end‐resection. Taken together, our data show that PWWP2B facilitates the recruitment of DNA repair machinery to sites of DNA damage and promotes HR‐mediated DNA double‐strand break repair. Impaired PWWP2B function might thus cause genome instability and promote gastric cancer development.
Thyroid 18F-fluorocholine uptake in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis
Authors: Ciappuccini Renaud , Saguet-Rysanek Virginie , Dorbeau Marine , Lequesne Justine , Linard Camille , Lefevre-Arbogast Sophie , Clarisse Bénédicte , Bardet Stéphane
Published: May 2022

Objective

18F-Fluorocholine (18FCH) PET/CT has high sensitivity for parathyroid adenoma detection and can reliably exclude malignancy in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology. Data regarding 18FCH uptake in chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAT) are scarce. We aimed to assess thyroid 18FCH uptake in CAT with biological and histological correlation.

Methods

This is an ancillary study from the Chocolate trial (NCT02784223) that prospectively enrolled 107 patients planned for thyroid surgery. 18FCH PET/CT acquisitions were performed 20 and 60 min after injection. 18FCH uptake in the thyroid gland was assessed by measuring maximum (SUVmax) and mean (SUVmean) standardized uptake values. Thyrotropin, free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibodies were collected. The intensity of thyroiditis and the degree of fibrosis were assessed on pathology.

Results

CAT was evidenced in 19/107 (18%) patients. Of these, 13 (68%) displayed an increased and diffuse 18FCH thyroid uptake. This uptake pattern was not observed in patients without CAT. SUVmax and SUVmean were higher in patients with CAT than in those without (P < 0.001). At both acquisition times, SUVmax showed a monotonic relationship with the intensity of thyroiditis (Spearman ρ = 0.44 and 0.51, respectively, P < 0.001) and with the degree of fibrosis (Spearman ρ = 0.55 and 0.62, respectively, P < 0.001). SUVmax showed a linear relationship with TPOAb titers at 20 min (Pearson r = 0.54, P < 0.05; Spearman ρ = 0.59, P = 0.03).

Conclusions

More than two-thirds of the patients with CAT present high and diffuse thyroid 18FCH uptake. This uptake pattern is highly specific to CAT and is correlated with pathology and TPOAb titers.
Physical Activity Opportunities in US Early Child Care Programs
Authors: Boyle Maria H. , Olsho Lauren E.W. , Mendelson Michele R. , Stidsen Chantal M. , Logan Christopher W. , Witt Michael B. , Gola Alice Ann H. , Copeland Kristen A.
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Physical activity provides health and developmental benefits to young children. The Study of Nutrition and Activity in Child Care Settings describes physical activity opportunities and sedentary occasions for children aged 1 to 5 years at programs participating in the US Department of Agriculture Child and Adult Care Food Program.

METHODS

The Study of Nutrition and Activity in Child Care Settings obtained a nationally representative sample of classrooms within Child and Adult Care Food Program-participating Head Start and child care centers via multistage cluster sampling. For 1 observation day, an observer in each classroom tallied designated outdoor and indoor playspaces; minutes children spent in playspaces; barriers and facilitators to physical activity; and classroom time when most children were physically active (eg, walking, dancing), sedentary (seated, lying down), or neither. Weighted descriptive tabulations by program type compared outdoor physical activity opportunity counts and total physical activity opportunity durations to national guidelines. Multivariate regression analysis investigated association of barriers with physical activity opportunity duration.

RESULTS

The sample included 227 classrooms, 96 in child care centers and 131 in Head Start programs. All had sedentary occasions outside meals, snacks, and naps; virtually all offered opportunities for physical activity. Seventy-four percent of programs met national guidance on sufficient number of outdoor opportunities, weather permitting. Just 50% met guidance of ≥60 to 90 minutes of physical activity, whereas only 43% met both sets of guidance. Weather and staff not joining in outdoor play were associated with 74 and 31 fewer minutes devoted to physical activity, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Findings suggest ample room for improvement in provision of physical activity opportunities during child care.
Dextrose Gel for Neonates at Risk With Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Gupta Kirti , Amboiram Prakash , Balakrishnan Umamaheswari , C Ashok , Abiramalatha Thangaraj , Devi Usha
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Hypoglycemia occurs in 5% to 15% of neonates in the first few days. A significant proportion requires admission for intravenous fluids. Dextrose gel may reduce admissions and mother-infant separation. We aimed to study the utility of dextrose gel in reducing the need for intravenous fluids.

METHODS

This stratified randomized control trial included at-risk infants with asymptomatic hypoglycemia. Study populations were stratified into 3 categories: small for gestational age (SGA) and intrauterine growth-restriction (IUGR), infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) and large for gestational age (LGA), and late preterm (LPT) neonates. Intervention group received dextrose gel followed by breastfeeding, and the control group (CG) received only breastfeeding.

RESULTS

Among 629 at-risk infants, 291 (46%) developed asymptomatic hypoglycemia; 147 (50.4%) in the dextrose gel group (DGG) and 144 (49.6%) in CG. There were 97, 98, and 96 infants in SGA/IUGR, IDM/LGA, and LPT categories, respectively. Treatment failure in the DGG was 17 (11.5%) compared to 58 (40.2%) in CG, with a risk ratio of 0.28 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17–0.46; P < .001). Treatment failure was significantly less in DGG in all 3 categories: SGA/IUGR, IDM/LGA, and LPT with a risk ratio of 0.29 (95% CI:0.13-0.67), 0.31 (95% CI:0.14–0.66) and 0.24 (95% CI:0.09–0.66), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Dextrose gel reduces the need for intravenous fluids in at-risk neonates with asymptomatic hypoglycemia in the first 48 hours of life.
Regional differences in the economic impact of lockdown measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19: A case study for Colombia.
Authors: Pérez Valbuena Gerson Javier , Ricciulli Diana , Bonet Jaime , Haddad Eduardo , Araújo Inácio , Perobelli Fernando
Published: May 2022

This paper analyses the regional economic differences in the impact of lockdown measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 ordered by Colombia’s national gov­ernment. Using an input-output model, we estimate regional economic losses by extracting a group of formal and informal workers from different sectors of the economy. Results show regional differences in the impact of lockdown measures on their labour markets, local economies, and productive sectors. We also find that peripheral regions consolidate a higher number of informal workers in isolation than the interior regions. Regarding the economic impact, regional losses range between 5,4% of the GDP (Amazonia) and 6,3% (the Coffee Area and Antioquia).
La voz de los oídos
Authors: Plut Sebastián
Published: May 2022

En este artículo se describe, desde el punto de vista freudiano, la lógica de la retórica neoliberal y cómo opera en la mente de sus votantes. Asimismo, se describe el tipo de obediencia que se desarrolla bajo esa cosmovisión política, y el sometimiento al que se entregan quienes se adhieren a ella. En todo ese conjunto, se afirma la existencia de un isomorfismo entre pandemia y mercado, que lleva a cuestionar por qué para el sujeto neoliberal no hay rebelión posible.
Efectos incalculables de la posición psicótica en lo social: obediencia indigna, indignación, sublevación
Authors: De Battista Julieta
Published: May 2022

Este trabajo propone una reflexión acerca de las condiciones posibles en las que una posición subjetiva fuera de los discursos establecidos —tal es la definición de la psicosis para Lacan en 1972— puede provocar efectos en el lazo social. En este caso, nos valdremos de una lectura de la película Joker (2019) a partir de operadores teóricos psicoanalíticos. En la lectura resaltamos cómo la inicial posición de obediencia indigna se convierte en indignación, a partir de numerosas experiencias de maltrato, y desencadena efectos incalculables de sublevación, tanto subjetiva como social. Esta elaboración es un aporte a la reflexión sobre la función social de las psicosis y el problema de las externaciones sustentables en salud mental.
La voz del niño en el acto de sublevación por el cadáver insepulto. Testimonios sobre la fatalidad de una guerra que no termina
Authors: Cardona Quitián Herwin Eduardo
Published: May 2022

A partir de la trama de La hojarasca, se analiza el acto de sublevación que busca oponerse al goce carroñero del pueblo. En la novela, la disputa es por el cadáver de un médico al que pretende negársele la sepultura. Siguiendo la voz del niño como narrador de la historia, se transita hacia la fatalidad que se transmite generacionalmente en la historia de la violencia en Colombia, y cuyo correlato es representado en la tragedia de Antígona. El trabajo busca desentrañar la función retórica del héroe de la tragedia y preguntarse por las consecuencias del contagio de los muertos insepultos.
Algunos artilugios para la producción de obediencia: del “Pequeño glosario de antintelectualismo académico”
Authors: Díaz Villarreal William
Published: May 2022

El objetivo del Pequeño glosario de antintelectualismo académico es desmontar estas minúsculas máquinas, presentar sus partes con la lente de aumento de la ironía, describir el funcionamiento de sus mecanismos secretos. De este modo, esperamos darle sentido a la necesidad de la indignación y la sublevación.
Spatial variability characterization of acoustic discomfort and zone of admissible noise caused by micro-tractor
Authors: Battermarco da Silva Martins Fabiano , Araújo e Silva Ferraz Gabriel , Barreto Cunha João Paulo , Bedin Marin Diego , Mendes do Santos Luana , Santos Santana Lucas
Published: May 2022

Agricultural development requires greater adoption of machinery by producers to avoid damage to the worker’s health due to excessive noise. In this scenario, this study aimed to analyze the noise magnitude emitted by a micro-tractor using geostatistics and Statistical Process Control (SPC) in mapping spatial variability to identify healthy zones for workers. The study was carried out at the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), where noise levels were collected at points distributed in a regular 2.0×2.0 m sample grid around the machine. The spatial dependence of noise was analyzed by adjusting the wave-type semivariogram and interpolating by ordinary kriging and the SPC through individual control charts. It was possible to observe alarming noise values above 85 dB(A) in a radius of up to 6 m around the tractor in operation. The maximum value of 91 dB(A) was obtained from the operator’s seat, thus allowing maximum daily exposure of 3.5 h. In addition, it was observed that people located at distances greater than 4 m from the micro-tractor do not need to wear personal protective equipment for an exposure of 8 h of work.
Antimicrobial potential of camu camu (Myrciaria dubia) against bacteria, yeasts, and parasitic protozoa: a review
Authors: Barrios Renteria Juan Carlos , Mauricio-Sandoval Enrique Alonso , Espinoza Luis Alfredo , Cornelio-Santiago Heber Peleg , Moreno-Quispe Luz Arelis , Vega Portalatino Edwin Jorge
Published: May 2022

Some microorganisms are responsible for food spoilage and foodborne infections worldwide. These microorganisms are becoming increasingly resistant to degradation or inhibition due to exposure to antibiotics, antifungal, and antiparasitics, posing a growing threat to human health. The aim of this study was to describe the antimicrobial properties of compounds present in Myrciaria dubia (pulp, seed, peel, and leaves) against bacteria (Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella and others), yeasts (Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and parasitic protozoa (Leishmania amazonensis and Plasmodium falciparum). Different papers published in the main databases (Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, as well as in university repositories) were reviewed. These results were analyzed and organized according to their inhibitory activity, attributable metabolic actions of this plant, mainly based on its phenolic compounds present (rhodomyrtone, isomyrtucommulone B, myrciarone B, trans-resveratrol, 2.4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, myricetin, syringic, ellagic acid and casuarictin), which can inhibit the synthesis or destabilize the microbial membrane, nucleic acids, cell walls in bacteria and mitochondrial dysfunction in protozoa
Effectiveness of postharvest calcium salts applications to improve shelf-life and maintain apricot fruit quality during storage
Authors: Dorostkar Maryam , Moradinezhad Farid , Ansarifar Elham
Published: May 2022

Fresh apricot is a nutritious and popular fruit because of its special aroma and taste. However, high ripening rates and susceptibility to mechanical injury and postharvest diseases limit its shelf life. Therefore, the effect of immersion in different calcium salts solution on the qualitative and biochemical characteristics of fresh apricot fruit ʻShahroudi’ cv was evaluated. Treatments were solutions of calcium chloride (CaCl2), calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2, and calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) at a concentration of 1 or 2%. Distilled water was used as a control. Fruits were immersed in water or calcium salts solution for 2 min, air-dried, and then stored at 2±1 °C for three weeks. However, the highest firmness was related to 2% CaCl2 treatment, which was about 60% higher than control, followed by 1% Ca(NO3)2 treatment (50% more than control). Also, the lowest Total Soluble Solids value was 10.46%, which was obtained from 2% CaCl2 and the highest value was obtained in control (15.1%). Besides, the mentioned treatments improved the nutritional value of apricot fruit by increasing total phenolic compounds, and tissue calcium content. The shelf life was 15.67 days in control, while 2% CaCl2 treatment doubled (35.33 days) the shelf life of apricot fruit. In general, the best result was obtained using CaCl2 at 2% treatment for 2 min, which may be applied as a postharvest treatment to improve the storage life of apricot fruit ʻShahroudi’ cv.
Approaches to Study the Categorial System
Authors: Aksyutina Zulfia A.
Published: May 2022

Introduction. The current state of scientific knowledge has new specific features that facilitate generalizations, including when working with categorical systems. The research problem lies in the need of science and practice in the presence of scientifically grounded categorical systems. The purpose of the article is to describe the possibilities of scientific approaches in the formation of a scientifically grounded categorical system. Materials and Methods. In the development of categorical systems, it is necessary to search at the level of a general methodology where there is reliance on philosophical scientific approaches to research. Results. The categorical, systemic and holistic approaches proposed by the author for the study of categorical systems are presented. In research, the system and integrity must be considered as characteristics, fundamental properties and attributes of categories. At the same time, an integral object should be characterized in spatial and temporal organization. The categorical system is understood as a specially developed form of organization of scientific knowledge, which allows to represent objects in a holistic way through given meaningful relations in the totality of their interaction. Discussion and Conclusion. The methodological foundations of the study have been determined, which serve as guidelines for further research of the categorical system: categorical, systemic and holistic approaches. To describe the categorical system of social education, a classification of categories is proposed, based on two criteria: the appointment of a category and the mechanism of formation of a category. The system-forming features of the description of the categorical system have been determined.
Financial Aspects of the Activities of the Internal Affairs Bodies of the USSR in the 1930s
Authors: Kistanov Sergey V.
Published: May 2022

Introduction. The article is devoted to the financing of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the USSR in the second half of the 1930s. Materials and Methods. As a part of the study, the author uses the archival documents related to the funds of the PCIA of the USSR related to the financial component of the work of the internal affairs bodies. In the work on the study, historical-typological, historical-genetic and chronological methods were used, as well as a general scientific method of analysis using the main principles of historical science – objectivity and historicism. Results. The main task of the study is to determine the sources of financing of internal affairs bodies in the period under review. The main aspects of the PCIA financing, the gradation of employees of the salary bodies were identified, and additional material sources in addition to the basic salary were clarified. There were marked trends in the growth of wages of PCIA employees, employees, both in departments and in individual structural divisions (departments), as well as in the worker-peasants’ militia. Discussion and Conclusion. The study made it possible to consider PCIA employees as a highly paid group of the population, because their salaries and various kinds of allowances, benefits and bonuses made their incomes much higher than the average salary level in the USSR. In addition, during the period 1936–1940, the salaries of law enforcement officers increased in about 2 times. All this contributed to the fact that the PCIA perfectly fulfilled the tasks assigned to it.
Evidence-based governance in education: The differences between privately funded and publicly funded think tanks are in part due to their diverging tactics in scheduling and timetable
Authors: Kevisas Magnus Tomas , Brazinskaite Ausra
Published: May 2022

As the role that publicly owned and private think tanks play in evidence-based governance grows, several parameters that have a bearing on the agenda, schedule and timetable of the think tanks have already been studied. Here we look at the interplay between the funding model (public vs. private) and the analysis intention (the temporal outlook; ex-ante vs. ex-post approach), choosing Lithuanian education policy, system and agents as the study domain. Among other findings, we see that the funding model correlates with the temporal outlook: the investigated representative of private think tanks tends to engage in ex-ante work more intensively, while the publicly funded equivalent is exhibitive of both ex-ante (preparatory) and ex-post (evaluative) research tactic in almost equal measure. We conclude that the private sector may afford the luxury of being more focused and efficient in its information behavior mostly due to the clear and non-debatable ideological commitment. In a deliberative democracy this is rarely possible. It would be of great interest to check whether the same generalizations hold for jurisdictions that are free from the post-Soviet administrative tradition.
Collagen type X alpha 1 promotes proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cervical cancer through activation of TGF-β/Smad signaling
Authors: Sun Yangyan , Ling Jing , Liu Lu
Published: May 2022

Background

Collagen type X alpha 1 (COL10A1) belongs to the collagen family and constitutes the main component of the interstitial matrix. COL10A1 was found to be dysregulated in various cancers, and to participate in tumorigenesis. However, the role of COL10A1 in cervical cancer (CC) remains unclear.

Methods

Expression of COL10A1 in CC cells and tissues was detected by western blot and qRT-PCR. CC cells were transfected with pcDNA-COL10A1 or si-COL10A1, and the effect of COL10A1 on cell proliferation of CC was assessed by MTT and colony formation assays. Cell metastasis was detected by wound healing and transwell assays. Western blot was applied to evaluate epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Results

COL10A1 was significantly elevated in CC tissues and cells (P < 0.001). Over-expression of COL10A1 increased cell viability of CC (P < 0.001), and enhanced the number of colonies (P < 0.001). However, knockdown of COL10A1 reduced the cell proliferation of CC (P < 0.001). Over-expression of COL10A1 also promoted cell migration (P < 0.001) and invasion (P < 0.001) of CC, whereas silencing of COL10A1 suppressed cell metastasis (P < 0.001). Protein level of E-cadherin in CC was reduced (P < 0.05), whereas N-cadherin and vimentin were enhanced by COL10A1 over-expression (P < 0.001). Silencing of COL10A1 reduced the protein level of TGF-β1 (P < 0.01), and down-regulated the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 in CC (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Down-regulation of COL10A1 suppressed cell proliferation, metastasis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of CC through inactivation of TGF-β/Smad signaling.
Modern view on the prevention of obstetric and perinatal complications in pregnant women with allogeneic fetus
Authors:   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Romanenko T.G. , Yesyp N.V. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: May 2022

The widespread use of assisted reproductive technologies is owed to the rapid development of biomedical science. However, progress is accompanied by a steady decline in the reproductive health of the population, so the lack of knowledge today on theoretical and practical aspects remains significant. Despite the improvement of donor oocyte manipulation techniques and the outstanding success in obstetric and perinatal outcomes in cases of pregnancies with fully allogeneic fetus, the actual data on the incidence of complications of pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum period in this category of patients remain unclear. Purpose - to analyze the results of obstetric and perinatal complications in pregnant women with allogeneic fetuses, and factors that may affect them. This article summarizes the current data on obstetric and perinatal complications in pregnant women with allogeneic fetus, analyzes the biological preconditions for their occurrence, features of the fetoplacental complex in such patients, as well as the psychological status of pregnant women with allogeneic fetus, it’s potential impact on pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Edukacja historyczna: Polska – Europa – świat. Jak przedstawiać historię Polski, by Europa i świat chciały ją poznawać?
Authors:   Szkoła Doktorska, Uniwersytet Opolski, Adamus Kamil , Gołębiowski Dariusz , Piszczek-Kaiser Halina , Mandera Martina , Misiurska Agnieszka , Morawski Bartłomiej , Sowiński Jerzy , Witczak Zbigniew
Published: May 2022

This publication has been prepared by a group of doctoral studens at the Institute of History of the University of Opole, as a result of discussions on the prospects for the development of historical education in Poland, Europe and the world, undertaken during the course: Historical education: Poland – Europe – the World. The result of these considerations is this article, which proposes some possibilities of presenting the history of Poland in an objective manner, at the same time one that may arouse interest outside Poland. The content of the article is a proposal to promote prominent figures associated with Poland over the centuries, people of different sexes, professions and fields of activity: St. Wojciech, Radzim Gaudenty, queen Rycheza, the rhodium von Oppersdorff, Jan Ignacy Felbiger, Herbert Clark Hoover, Rosa Bailly and Karl Dedecius. What these characters have in common is their foreign origin and the fact that they liked Poland and its inhabitants, and influenced its history with their activities. The text contains short biographies of these people. Popularization of the activities of these characters can take place on various levels. It is worth devoting to them scientific conferences, looking at their activities from their homelands, various artistic and popularizing projects could be carried out on them. These characters could also be presented to a wider audience through mass culture.
Podopolska szkoła z wyjątkowym klimatem i atmosferą. Historia Liceum Ogólnokształcącego im. Powstańców Śląskich z Oddziałami Dwujęzycznymi w Dobrzeniu Wielkim i jego pamięć o zbiorowym patronie
Authors:   Zespół Szkół w Dobrzeniu Wielkim, Gajda-Szczegielniak Dorota
Published: May 2022

The aim of the article is to present the history of the Silesian Insurgents High School (with Bilingual Faculties) in Dobrzeń Wielki and to emphasise that its collective patron constantly remains in the memory of the school community. Considering the fact that 2021 marks the 50th anniversary of the naming of the school, coinciding with the 100th anniversary of the Third Silesian Uprising and the Plebiscite, the projects undertaken by the school’s community in connection with the jubilee are presented. Celebrating anniversaries is an opportunity to present the history of our High School as the first high school in a rural area in the Opole Voivodeship and one of only a few in Poland, as well as to consider the need for such celebrations in educational institutions. The activities related to the anniversary celebrations (related to the patron of the school – Silesian Insurgents) and their influence on the increased interest of our students in the insurgents’ stories and the history of the school were analyzed. The presented initiatives were also a contribution to the reflection on the potential that lies in the mutual relations which take place at school between the members of its community. The relationships that have a decisive impact on how unique and extraordinary our school is. The public opinion has become convinced that it is difficult to involve young people in educational and student-counselling projects. The intention of the article is to show that the atmosphere of trust and faith in the students’ abilities significantly increases the chances of their active involvement in school’s activities.
Ku normalizacji? Relacje Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego z władzami Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej po 1949 roku
Authors:   SWPS University, Tylkowski Marek
Published: May 2022

The article is concerned with the relations between the Catholic Church and the government of the People’s Republic of China. It starts with a short summary of the history of Christianity in China. Then it focuses on the analysis of changes of policies toward China on the part of the Holy See and their reception from Chinese authorities. It points out that the Vatican government consequently is making efforts in order to normalize the situation of Catholics in China and that it is ready to for a deep compromise with the Chinese government if necessary. In that context, the agreement between the Holy See and the Chinese government, which was prolonged on the 22nd of October 2020, is more understandable.
Przemiany edukacji przedszkolnej w ChRL w latach 1978–2018 w ramach reform systemu szkolnictwa
Authors:   John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Afek Joanna
Published: May 2022

The article discusses the problems of early childhood education in China. The first part describes the history of kindergartens in China, as well as the current situation. The second part deals with the problems of early childhood education. These problems mainly concern the entire system and staff.
Oficjalna recepcja Sun Yat-sena w latach 1981–2016
Authors:   retired diplomat, expert on China, Łobacz Agnieszka
Published: May 2022

The paper examines the official reception of Dr Sun Yat-sen to whose programme the communist authorities turned in search of ideological foundations for the new policy of ‘reforms and opening’ promulgated after the end of the so-called cultural revolution. The analysis, based on speeches of leaders at gatherings commemorating anniversaries of Sun’s birth and outbreak of 1911 Revolution, finds that the ideas of Sun – addressed as great national hero, great patriot, great fore-runner of revolution – helped to mobilise people to carry out current national tasks with the great renaissance of the Chinese nation as the most important. The speeches exhort to follow Sun’s indomitable will of a great revolutionary in order to work hard towards this noble goal, which he envisaged as ‘rejuvenation of China’ as early as 1894. Sun Yat-sen’s ability and readiness to correct and refine his ideas which led him to accept of Marxism (with no further elaboration as to the extent of this acceptance) and to co-operate with the Chinese Communist Party was emphasised the most by the speakers. CPC is portrayed as the truest and steady heir of Sun Yat-sen’s programme, the heir who finalized his struggle for establishing China as a genuinely independent state granting social justice to its nation. Strongly emphasized is the topic of unification of China – meaning the unification with Taiwan – prominently quoted as one of Sun’s ultimate goals. Speakers refer to Sun Yat-sen’s appeal on ‘China’s obligation to make a contribution to the mankind’ once China’s proper position in the world has been restored. The leaders’ approach to Sun’s programme is selective and somehow simplified, limited to the political challenges of the day. Fortunately, an upsurge of research on Sun Yat-sen’s works by the academic circles in China since the 80s has brought more in-depth findings.
Energetics. Available materials
Authors:   Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Zdanowski Sylwester
Published: May 2022

Little more optimistic predictions state that prices will rise. How fast depends from resource supplies. To slow it down we have to forget about using X% of sun energy in 50 years. Solutions decreasing oil usage in power plants and transport wont eliminate it complicity but will allow to buy time necessary to replace oil in other branches of economy. Otherwise agrarian revolution which made T. Malthus predictions ridiculous will have to bow before his vision. Today we have chance to see this problem before global peak oil thanks to speculative bobble, which lead many to bankruptcy. Future depends on biggest countries policy and research in public domain. Especially those with every day knowledge can influence our future. For one by voting for best representatives that will improve politic. Next by supporting public domain in search for solutions. Finally and most importantly by every day actions. Decisions that create energy usage like turning on computer or choosing private car instead of public transport. But many every day things requires a lot of knowledge to notice. This fact alone brings issue of energy like many others back to education process.
Common Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union and Its Influence on the Course and Nature of the Conflict in Ukraine
Authors:   University of Szczecin, Ewelina Serwońska Sylwia
Published: May 2022

The author shows the basic elements and tools for implementing security and defense policy of the European Union. She poses questions about the dependence of the Union’s policy and its impact on the conflict in Ukraine. The analysis of subsequent events enables to make conclusions and show irregularities. Two years after the bloody protests the analysis goes from hybrid war to creeping conflict.
Geopolitics, Political Topology and Hybrid Warfare
Authors:   University of Szczecin, Zb. Szałek Benon
Published: May 2022

This paper deals with the concept of political topology in the light of geopolitics and hybrid warfare. Traditional geopolitics can be regarded as a point of departure for the search for better tools for political decision making. Comparison and confrontation of different, theoretical and practical, concepts of hybrid warfare can be heuristically inspiring and lead to a compact system of politically relevant knowledge – to political topology.
The Position of European Parliament on the Migrant Crisis in Europe
Authors:   Szczecin University, Staszczyk Artur
Published: May 2022

The migrant crisis in Europe, which reached its zenith in 2015, made EU politicians realize the urgent need for a more effective migration policy that would rely more on supranational cooperation. Absence of this policy triggers migrant influx to Europe, in particular of unqualified labour force, and enhances illegal migration from which organized criminal groups profit enormously. Moreover, uncontrolled migration processes give rise to a number of social, economic, political and cultural problems all across the EU, and thus nurture the Eurosceptic mood. This leads to societal negation of the European integration project and provides fertile soil to the spread of radicalism and xenophobia. The aim of the study is to capture the position of European Parliament on recent migrant crisis. The Parliament, a democratically legitimate body, which claims the right to represent European societies, advocates adoption of systemic EU approach to migration which should be based on the respect of human rights and creation of legal migration pathways for refugees and workers needed by Europe. The solution of the present migrant crisis is sought by the EP in moving towards a common, comprehensive European immigration policy and enhanced solidarity of EU member states in response to increased influx of refugees from conflict zones.
My Thoughts on Future Political Needs and Difficulties
Authors:   University in Ottawa, Gizbert-Studnicki Konrad
Published: May 2022

When I was a young father, my children believed that my sayings were a true wisdom worthy repetition; today things have changed - it was my turn is to repeat wisdom of my children, believing that they usually are right. A few months ago, my son, Daviken, said that those who were writing frequently cannot easily survive without writing. Daviken was right. I loved to write, especially when something I wrote and which was contrary to what people believe was correct. I believe I inherited the dislike to generally accepted truth from my father, who was described by a Polish weekly that he was “the man who always goes against the general flow”. My father thought that this was an excellent statement of his character. He loved saying: “I am indeed a man who will think and act against prevailing flow, because only shit floats always with main current, and people who try to float in the main flow are those who repeat, without understanding, everything what they had heard”.