bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Significance, causes and effects of obesity in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Zarotis George F.
Published: December 2018

Body weight is influenced by the motor and eating habits of every human being and by a biological or genetic predisposition, the effect of which cannot be quantified with accuracy. Obesity occurs as an expression of a positive energy balance or as a consequence of the absence of a balanced diet. Obesity is an acknowledged and important risk factor for a range of conditions, especially diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to approach, analyse and ultimately examine the significance, causes and effects of obesity on children and adolescents. The method adopted for the study was a review of the relevant literature. Based on this study, we discover that, due to people’s changing living conditions, the spread of overweight and obesity in industrialized countries has greatly increased, therefore rapid action is needed. Overweight and obesity have always existed. However, the voluptuous body, that formerly was considered a sign of wealth or a survival strategy, is now stigmatized. Overweight people not only have a higher risk for their health in the form of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus or premature bone and joint damage, but they do not correspond to today's ideal beauty. The causes of obesity are due to many interdependent factors. It is therefore difficult to formulate therapeutic proposals that have general validity. In summary, we can say that for the increasing number of overweight and obese children and adolescents the medical factors are less important. The causes should be sought in the social conditions and behaviours of certain social groups. It is important that children and young people are permanently involved in the subject of nutrition and movement, and that this engagement accompanies them throughout their development. Even if the politics supports, doctors encourage, health funds, kindergartens and schools raise awareness, sport clubs motivate, the media inform, parents recognize and offer incentives, the hardest part of the job should be done by the target group in order to achieve personal success; that is to remain or become "healthy".
Ein neuer Klassenkampf? Prekarisierung, Soziale Schließung und Protest im Zeitalter des flexiblen Kapitalismus
Authors: Schottdorf Tobias
Published: December 2018

Die Sozialstrukturanalyse hat sich in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten zunehmend vom Begriff der „Klasse“ distanziert. Der Modernisierungsprozess sei an einen Punkt gelangt, an dem die Relevanz gesellschaftlicher Großgruppen vorüber sei. Demgegenüber verweist die wachsende Einkommens- und Vermögenskluft jedoch auf soziale Spannungen, die sich im Zuge der jüngsten Wirtschaftskrise offen entluden. Vor dem Hintergrund der sozialen Spreizung, die mit Phänomenen wie Prekarisierung und sozialem Protest einhergeht, scheint es geboten, von einer Renaissance der Klassenthematik zu sprechen. Deren Bestimmung sowie die Beziehung des Klassenbegriffs zu jenen Tendenzen des flexibilisierten Kapitalismus steht allerdings nach wie vor aus. Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, einerseits, einen theoretischen Ordnungsvorschlag zu machen und das zeitgenössische Klassentableau westlicher Gesellschaften zu skizzieren. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es möglich, andererseits, das weitgehende Ausbleiben klassenspezifischen Aufbegehrens auf die Etablierung bestimmter Mechanismen der sozialen Fragmentierung zurückzuführen.
Abschied von Elmar Altvater, dem leidenschaftlichen Marxisten
Authors: Castellina Luciana
Published: December 2018

Nachruf auf Elmar Altvater aus Il Manifesto
Pemanfaatan Jerami Jagung Yang Diinokulasi Fungi Trichoderma sp. Sebagai Pakan Kambing Kacang Dengan Tambahan Daun Gamal
Authors: Fitriani Rosi , Lutfi Ulva Mohtar
Published: December 2018

Produktivitas sebagian besar ditentukan oleh ketersediaan pakan. Populasi ternak terus bertambah karena itu juga dibutuhkan pakan lebih. Pemberian pakan yang berkelanjutan dan kualitas yang memadai adalah salah satu faktor penentu kesuksesan pertanian. Pemanfaatan pakan lokal secara optimal yaitu sebuah teknologi, menggunakan jerami jagung yang diolah dengan bantuan Trichoderma sp. Kambing kontrol diberi pakan jerami jagung 60% dan daun gamal 40% serta penambahan saka dan mineral sebanyak 2%. Kambing perlakuan pakan yang diberikan adalah jerami jagung yang diinokulasi Trichoderma sp. 60 %, daun gamal 40 %. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan, dengan pemberian jerami jagung fermentasi Gliricidia daun 60% + 40% menghasilkan rata-rata PBB 95,2 g / ekor / hari sedangkan kambing kontrol menghasilkan rata-rata 35,7 gram PBB / ekor / hari. Berdasarkan pelaksanaan penelitian ini, kambing dengan fermentasi R / C ratio 1,34 dan perlakuan kambing dan kontrol 0,9. Ini berarti bahwa perlakuan ini cukup baik untuk dikembangkan dan diimplementasikan untuk menghasilkan keuntungan sebesar 34%.
Framework for Semantic Search Enabled Software Component Repository (SSESCR)
Authors: Sharma Vishnu , Rathore Vijay Singh , Kumawat Chandikaditya
Published: December 2018

Software reuse can improve software quality with the reducing cost and development time. Systematic reuse plan enhances cohesion and reduces coupling for better testability and maintainability. Software reuse approach can be adopted at the highest extent if relevant software components can be easily searched, adapted and integrated into new system. Large software industries hold their own well managed component libraries containing well tested software component with the project category based classification .Access to these repositories are very limited. Software reuse is facing so many problems and still not so popular. This is due to issues of general access, efficient search and adoption of software component. This paper propose a framework which resolves all of the above issues with providing easy access to components, efficient incremental semantics based search, repository management, versioning of components.
Evaluating Compliance to Food Safety and Hygiene Standards in Selected Delhi Based Catering Establishments as per Schedule IV of Food Safety and Standard Regulation, 2011 under FSS Act, 2006
Authors: Kumari Veena , Kapur Deeksha
Published: December 2018

Background: Schedule 4 introduces the concept of Food Safety Management System (FSMS ) based on implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and Good Hygiene Practices (GHP) by food businesses. This study was conducted to evaluate compliance to food safety and hygiene standards in the selected Delhi based catering establishments as per schedule 4 of Food Safety and standards Regulations 2011.
Methods : Twenty four Catering Establishments were selected for the study using snowball sampling technique from all the nine districts of Delhi between September 2016 to February 2017.The observational checklist was developed and used using the pre-requisites of FSSAI system, Schedule 4 to gather data on quality and quantity of physical facilities. The observational checklist was set up with 3 points for qualifying the norm, 2 point for partially qualifying and 1 point for not qualifying. The minimum and maximum possible score of the sanitation survey was between 67-201.The establishments were given grades on the basis of obtained scores : Exemplar (A+Grade)=89.1-100%, Compliance (A Grade)=81-89%, Needs Improvement (B Grade)=72-80.9% and No Grade=<71.9%. Descriptive analysis was done using MS Excel and SPSS Software Version 21.
Results: The mean sanitation survey score of 24 catering establishment was 135.41±17.19 with a median and mode of 133 and 132respectively.The establishments lowest and maximum score ranged between 101-177. Only 8% (2) of the catering establishments had provided uniform to 100% staff members, 84.0% (16 ) failed to provide adequate hand washing facilities. Potable water was provided by 75% (18) of the catering establishments and 33.3% (8) of the catering establishments failed to provide information about the source of ice as they were not making ice at their premises. Record maintenance with respect to temperatures specifically was very poor and 65.3% (15) failed to comply the guidelines. Ideal thawing procedures were not followed by the 54% (13) of the catering establishments .But ,one good thing observed was that 100% (24) of the catering establishments were cooking food at ideal temperatures.
APLIKASI KONFIGURASI MIKROTIK SEBAGAI MANAJEMEN BANDWIDTH DAN INTERNET GATEWAY BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Asnawi Muhamad Fuat
Published: December 2018

Kebutuhan akan informasi dan akses data pada saat ini sangat tinggi. Untuk memenuhi itu salah satunya dengan jaringan komputer sebagai medianya. Jaringan dibangun menggunakan dengan beberapa perangkat jaringan yang berbeda beda, salah satunya adalah router. Router merupakan alat yang dapat mengirimkan paket data berbeda jaringan (antar jaringan) melalui proses yang disebut dengan routing. banyak sekali perusahaan yang memproduksi router, mikrotik adalah salah satu perusahaan yang memproduksi router. Walaupun produk mikrotik dibuat agar mempermudah pengguna dalam mengkonfigurasinya tetapi harus memerlukan orang yang ahli dalam jaringan untuk mengkonfigurasi Mikrotik Router OS. Dengan adanya aplikasi konfigurasi ini diharapkan pengguna dapat melakukannya lebih mudah, karena aplikasi ini menggunakan user interface yang lebih user friendly.
ANALISA PERSEPSI EKONOMI DAN LEGALITAS KEPEMILIKAN RUMAH TERHADAP KENYAMANAN TERMAL PENGHUNI RUMAH TINGGAL
Authors: Susanti Susanti , Aksamawanti Aksamawanti
Published: December 2018

Kenyamanan termal adaptif yang dikaitkan dengan faktor personal menjadi hal menarik untuk diteliti. Tujuan penelitian adalah menginvestigasi bagaimana faktor ekonomi dan legalitas kepemilikan rumah mempengaruhi kenyamanan termal penghuni dilihat dari aspek psikologis. Hal ini didasarkan pada teori kenyamanan termal adaptif. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan gabungan dari metode penelitian kualitatif dan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Metode kualitatif digunakan untuk mencari data tentang persepsi peghuni terhadap faktor ekonomi dan legalitas kepemilikan rumah, sedangkan metode kuantitatif digunakan untuk mengambil data pengukuran termal baik dari variabel termal maupun terhadap sensasi termalnya. Hasil yang didapat diuji dengan regresi dan akan didapat pengaruh atau tidaknya faktor ekonomi dan legalitas kepemilikan rumah terhadap kenyamanan termal penghuni. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa legalitas kepemilikan rumah dan pendapatan berpengaruh terhadap persepsi termal penghuni.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE MATERNAL REFLEKTIF DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB BAGI ANAK TUNA RUNGU DI SLB PURWOSARI KUDUS
Authors: Rois Ahmad , Astina Chairani
Published: December 2018

Penelitian ini menjabarkan metode pengajaran yang baik digunakan untuk anak berkebutuhan khusus yang dalam hal ini anak tuna rungu. Nama metode pembelajaran ini adalah Metode Maternal Reflektif. Tujuan implementasinya untuk lebih meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa dan pembelajaran jadi lebih tepat dan efektis mengingat bahasa Arab dirasakan selama ini sebagai pelajaran yang sulit dan membosankan terlebih bagi anak disabilitas tuna rungu. Target dari penelitian ini adalah: 1) mengetahui konsep metode maternal reflektif 2) implementasi metode maternal reflektif dalam pembelajaran bahasa arab;. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, dilaksanakan metode penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah kualitatif yaitu menekankan analisisnya pada proses penyimpulan induktif dan deduktif serta analisis terhadap hubungan antar fenomena yang diamati dengan menggunakan logika. Metode maternal reflektif ini diharapkan mampu menjadi metode yang tepat dalam pembelajaran bahasa arab bagi anak tuna rungu dan mampu meningkatkan prestasi siswa. Hasil Penelitian didapatkan bahwa: (1) pengetahuan tentang konsep metode maternal reflektif merupakan metode pengajaran Bahasa yang dikembangkan oleh A. Van Uden (1968) dari lembaga pendidikan yang di kenal secara internasional dalam dunia Pendidikan yaitu St. Michielgestel, yang terletak di Negara Belanda beserta konsep-konsep MMR lainnya; (2) Telah terimplementasunya metode maternal reflektif di SLB Purwosari Kudus dalam pembelajaran bahasa arab dengan baik sehingga pembelajaran bahasa arab bagi anak tuna rungu menjadi efektif dan jugaa dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa tersebut. (3) mengetahui faktor pendorong dan penghambat pelaksanaan metode maternal reflektid di SLB Putwosari Kudus.
O uso do e-learning como estratégia de educação permanente para fisioterapeutas atuantes em um hospital público
Authors: Melo Mazzo Débora , Schleder Juliana Carvalho
Published: December 2018

As constantes mudanças de ordem econômica, social, tecnológica e científica vividas na atualidade, exigem o desenvolvimento e a qualificação permanente dos profissionais, principalmente daquele atuante no âmbito hospitalar. O e-learning pode ser uma ferramenta para superar problemas de treinamento de um número maior de profissionais. Este trabalho descritivo, relata a experiência de uma proposta de educação permanente em plataforma virtual gratuita para o serviço de fisioterapia de um hospital universitário. Foi realizada uma filmagem de um procedimento de aspiração traqueal utilizando um simulador realístico e criado um grupo na plataforma onde o vídeo foi compartilhado. Inicialmente, a grande dificuldade dos profissionais foi a criação da conta e a familiarização com a disposição dos conteúdos na plataforma, porém grande parte da equipe relatou gostar do formato de educação permanente por e-learning. A atualidade requer um novo tipo de profissional, com capacidade de adaptar-se a novas situações, tais como novas formas de aprendizado.
A Estratégia de Saúde da Família e as internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária no Paraná
Authors: Pinto Eliz Cassieli Pereira , Sirtoli Rafaela , Da Silva Ligiane De Lourdes , Menolli Poliana Vieira da Silva
Published: December 2018

Propõe-se com o presente estudo, descrever a evolução das ações da atenção primária em saúde e correlaciona-las às hospitalizações por condições sensíveis a esse nível de atenção. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, retrospectivo e analítico, a partir de dados secundários. Foram objetos de estudo a abrangência populacional das eSF, PACS e número de NASF, além das internações por condições sensíveis a atenção primária, no Paraná e suas cinco maiores cidades. Utilizou-se o modelo de correlação de Pearson, a fim de investigar a relação entre as variáveis.  Observou-se tendência crescente na abrangência das eSF em todos os locais do estudo. Houve decréscimo importante no número de ICSAP no período estudado, bem como correlação estatística negativa com o a ampliação da cobertura das ações da APS no estado do Paraná.
ARBITRAJE DE CONSUMO: ASPECTOS GENERALES E INTEGRACIÓN DEL CONTRADICTORIO
Authors: Infante Angarita Christiam Ubeymar
Published: December 2018

ARBITRAJE DE CONSUMO: ASPECTOS GENERALES E INTEGRACIÓN DEL CONTRADICTORIO
ASPECTOS GENERALES Y PRÁCTICOS DE LA LEY 1448 DE 2011 Y SUS NORMAS COMPLEMENTARIAS
Authors: Molina G. Sara Marlén
Published: December 2018

ASPECTOS GENERALES Y PRÁCTICOS DE LA LEY 1448 DE 2011 Y SUS NORMAS COMPLEMENTARIAS 
Prediction of box failure from paper data for asymmetric corrugated board
Authors: Schaffrath Heinz Joachim , Reichenbach Felix , Schabel Samuel
Published: December 2018

The well-known McKee formula was derived in 1963 for symmetric fluting constructions. This paper presents investigations showing the influence of asymmetric properties, either geometric or concerning the elastic moduli. Paper properties of the base papers used are taken to calculate the panel properties of corrugated boards. From these results, the box failure is predicted. To do this, a model approximating the corrugated medium by triangles is presented. With this assumption, the bending stiffness of corrugated board, no matter how many flutes, can be predicted from paper data. Machine direction and cross direction are treated separately. The theoretical considerations are verified by measuring paper parameters such as short compression test (SCT), thickness, and bending stiffness, as well as edge compression test (ECT) and bending stiffness of corrugated board and box compression test (BCT) of the boxes. It can be stated that the prediction of using paper data instead of corrugated board data may lead to even better prediction results, as the measuring of bending stiffness at the board may sometimes be influenced by sampling inconveniences. Finally, thickness of the used base papers, as well as thickness of the manufactured board, appear to be the main influencing parameters. The McKee formula is robust enough to be applied for asymmetric corrugated board as well.
Impact of fiber structure on edge-wicking of highly-sized paperboard
Authors: Xu Lebo , Meyers Jeremy , Hart Peter
Published: December 2018

Coffee edge-wicking testing was conducted on two groups of highly-sized paperboard manufactured at two mills with similar manufacturing processes, but with vastly different local fiber sources. Although the Hercules size test (HST) indicated similar internal size levels between the two types of board, the edge-wicking behavior was noticeably different. Analysis of fiber structure revealed that the board with more edge-wicking had fibers with thicker fiber walls, which kept the fiber lumen more open after pressing and drying on a paper machine. It was demonstrated that liquid penetration through voids between fibers in highly-sized paperboard was limited, because the fiber surface was well protected by the presence of sufficient sizing agent. Nevertheless, freshly exposed fiber walls and lumens at the cut edge of the sheet were not protected by sizing material, which facilitated edge-wicking. The correlation between fiber structure and edge-wicking behavior was highlighted in this work to inspire development of novel sizing strategies that protect the freshly cut edge of the sheet from edge-wicking.
Enzymatic treated viscose fibers functionalized by chitosan
Authors: BRODNJAK URŠKA VRABIC , GREGOR-SVETEC DIANA , KLANCNIK MAJA
Published: December 2018

Our research focused on the sorption properties of enzymatically treated viscose/chitosan and viscose fibers treated with enzymes and chitosan. To improve sorption properties of viscose fibers and to obtain the characteristics similar to viscose/chitosan fibers, we performed two different treatments. First, we treated both fibers with enzyme cellulase for 60 min and afterwards treated viscose fibers with the chitosan in an ultrasonic bath. In our research, structural characteristics and the accessibility of free adsorption places were investigated. We noted a noticeable change in the structure (degree of polymerization, crystallinity, and molecular orientation) of treated viscose and viscose/chitosan fibers. Changes that occurred in the morphology and in the structural properties of both types of tested fibers were also reflected in their physical and chemical properties. Research showed that the sorption properties of enzymatic treated fibers were improved.
THE IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY OF READING INTEREST THROUGH THE CREATION OF “POJOK BACA”
Authors: Sihombing Lukertina
Published: December 2018

The results of a survey released by UNESCO in 2016 regarding reading interest shows that Indonesian people's reading interest is only 0,001%. BPS data also shows that the percentage of illiterate Indonesians is 17, 09%. Community empowerment through the establishment of “Pojok Baca” aims to provide easy access to citizens, in order to obtain reading material that is useful for improving the ability and knowledge to support community life. Strengthen “Pojok Baca” as a library and a place to learn to read are important. The results of community service activities in the form of the construction of the “Pojok Baca” is able to improve the literacy skills of the surrounding community and foster public interest in reading and ultimately have an impact on improving surrounding community’s well-being.
TRAINING OF COCONUT BUSINESS STRATEGIES AS MICRO, SMALL BUSINESS, MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN MERUYA SELATAN VILLAGE
Authors: Herawati Aty
Published: December 2018

The development of the industrial sector, whether large, medium, small, micro or home industry, is basically an effort to improve the standard of living and welfare of the people. The development of the industrial sector is an activity directed towards developing the industry by increasing added value and can create jobs for the community. The household industry also requires workers both adults and young people who have skills. Workers in the production process can come from the family, the surrounding community or outside the area. Therefore a strategy is needed that can empower sustainable communities. Efforts to mobilize resources to develop the potential of the community by developing an entrepreneurial spirit. One form of entrepreneurship is the processing of coconut which can be done on a home industry scale in the Kembangan District area, especially in the South Meruya Village. This location has a location adjacent to the coconut producing area in Banten Province. This service has the purpose of conducting entrepreneurial training by raising awareness of the potential that is owned, knowing and knowing how to obtain raw materials, carrying out the production process and marketing of processed products. The number of participants invited as many as 30 people consisting of people in various RTs in various villages in South Meruya District. The method of implementing this activity refers to a sustainable coaching program. through several stages of business training, mentoring, handling and business networks. The results of the training evaluation revealed that participants stated that training was very useful to improve understanding regarding the effectiveness of interpersonal communication in coconut management.
TRAINING OF FINANCIAL GOVERNANCE FOR SMEs MEMBERS OF BUSINESS GROUP OF VILLAGE RAWA KALONG, SINDUR MOUNTAIN INCREASE IN IMPROVING FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
Authors: Mariani Desy , Suryani Suryani , Fajar Yusi Sudariati
Published: December 2018

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) conducted in the home environment is one of the main sources of livelihood for residents in kalong rawa village, GunungSindurSubdistrict, Bogor, West Java.to conduct a business well of course required adequate resources such as working capital, the ability of human resources to manage its business and also the available of markets for resulting products. Skills and competence of human resources is the main factor of business continuity. How about limited working capital, a micro and small business should continue to survive. The ability to manage finance to keep the business running and meet the needs of everyday becomes a major problem in the management of micro and small businesses at home, especially when business man have problems in health,children's education or other problems that require more funds than their regular expenses. Another problems faced by business man are preparation of the cost structure and calculation of working capital because sometimes the result product must follow the store payment terms, this conditions often faced by business man.With the problem above, in this training is expected to help provide knowladge, open minded insight and improve the skills of business man to be more able to plan finance, more orderly in used of working capital so that is not eroded by household needs. So in the end can get the appropriate benefits and develop the business for the better.
Pengaruh Belanja Modal Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia
Authors: Waryanto Puput
Published: December 2018

The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of capital expenditure on economic growth in Indonesia. The reasons of the study were the inconsistency of previous research results in many countries, the difficulty of achieving national economic growth target, and the low ratio of capital expenditure to Gross Domestic Product (GDP). By using time series data from 1990 to 2015 in Indonesia, this research has proved that the capital expenditure has a significant positive effect on economic growth. On the other hand, the operational expenditure, which consisted of personnel expense, goods and services expenses, interest, subsidies, grants and social assistance, had not a significant effect on economic growth. This study has considered inflation as a control variable. Consequently, the central government should be able to pay attention on capital expenditure, both on its quantity and quality.   Abstrak         Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat seberapa besar pengaruh belanja modal terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Beberapa hal yang melatarbelakangi penelitian ini adalah masih adanya ketidakkonsistenan hasil penelitian di berbagai negara, masih sulitnya pencapaian target pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional, masih rendahnya rasio belanja modal terhadap PDB. Dengan menggunakan data time series selama 26 tahun mulai 1990 s.d. 2015 di Indonesia, penelitian ini telah membuktikan bahwa belanja modal berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, tetapi belanja operasi yang terdiri dari belanja pegawai, belanja barang, bunga, subsidi, hibah, dan bantuan sosial, tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Penelitian ini telah mempertimbangkan variabel kontrol berupa inflasi. Berkaitan dengan hasil penelitian, pemerintah pusat hendaknya terus memperhatikan belanja modal, baik dari segi kuantitas maupun kualitas belanja modal.
Economic Evaluation of Renewable Fuels through Pollutants Derived from Internal Combustion Engine
Authors: Szabados György , Bereczky Ákos
Published: December 2018

Renewable fuels cannot be evaluated clearly as a part of sustainability from their air pollution point of view. A comparison test series have been conducted and from their results external cost has been calculated. Three different fuels and their controlled blends have been investigated, which are the fossil diesel, conventional, standardized biodiesel, and a new type, so called TBK-biodiesel. Fuels have been investigated in a bus Diesel-engine, which operated in steady state points. Air pollution components like CO2, CO, HC, NOx and particulate have been taken into consideration for the calculation. The calculation method is a self-made one. On the basis of the results it can be stated that the overall external costs are higher in all cases of engine operating if renewable fuel is blended in the tested fuel.
Utjecaj prve natjecateljske sezone na mladog preponskog konja
Authors: Gregić Maja , Baban Mirjana
Published: December 2018

Cilj rada je prikazati utjecaj napora na organizam mladog preponskog konja u prvoj natjecateljskoj sezoni. Istraživanja su provedena na šest mladih pastuha (u dobi od četiri i pet godina) treniranih i korištenih u
preponskom konjičkom sportu, uzgojnog tipa hrvatski sportski konj. Praćeni su treninzi u skakanju prepona u parkuru u dva ponavljanja na početku (svibanj) i na kraju (rujan) natjecateljske sezone. Pripremu i skakanje parkura provela je uvijek ista osoba koja se brine i za kondicijsko stanje konja. Uzimanje uzorka sline (uz pomoć tampona vate) provedeno je u 60. i 15. minuti prije skakanja parkura te neposredno prije skakanja parkura i neposredno nakon skakanja parkura te u 5., 15. i
120. minuti nakon završetka svakoga skakanja parkura (u razdoblju odmora konja). U prvoj natjecateljskoj sezoni mladi preponski konji imali su 23,63% manju koncentraciju kortizola u slini tijekom rujna prije i nakon savladavanja parkura s preponama. Prema utvrđenim vrijednostima koncentracije kortizola u slini mladih preponskih konja može se zaključiti da su konji tijekom rujna identičan parkur savladali s
manje stresa i straha. Prva natjecateljska sezona imala je adaptivan učinak na stres i strah mladih konja u preponskom jahanju
Utjecaj duljine provenjavanja na hranidbenu vrijednost fermentirane krme poluprirodnog travnjaka
Authors: Vranić Marina , Šebalj Gordan
Published: December 2018

Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj duljine provenjavanja krme poluprirodnog travnjaka zajednice Arrhenatheretum medioeuropaeum ruderale na hranidbenu vrijednost fermentirane krme, kvalitetu fermentacije u silosu i biološke parametre hranjivosti fermentirane krme u hranidbi preživača. Prvi otkos biljne mase poluprirodnog travnjaka je provenut na tlu tijekom 0, 3, 6 i 24 sata nakon čega su formirani laboratorijski silosi za svaku duljinu provenjavanja krme odvojeno.
Utvrđeno je da se kvaliteta fermentacije u silosu i biološki parametri hranjivosti krme nisu razlikovali između uzoraka fermentirane krme provenute 3 i 6 sati. Provenjavanje krme 24 sata je rezultiralo povećanim udjelom suhe tvari (ST), neutralnih detergent vlakana (NDV), kiselih detergent vlakana (KDV) (P<0,05), pH vrijednosti, sadržajem fermentirajuće metaboličke energije u metaboličkoj energiji (FME/ME) i faktora konzumacije za goveda te smanjenim sadržaj sirovih proteina (SP), metaboličke energije (ME), probavljivosti organske tvari u suhoj tvari (D-vrijednost) i faktora konzumacije za ovce.
Zaključeno je da provenjavanje biljne mase poluprirodnog travnjaka prije siliranja tijekom 24 sata za parametre kvalitete fermentacije u silosu i biološke parametre kvalitete fermentirane krme ima značajnih prednosti u odnosu na direktno siliranje biljne mase bez provenjavanja ili provenjavanje prije siliranja tijekom 3 ili 6 sati
Accounting for Assessments of Mental Illness in Paramedic Practice: A New Theoretical Framework
Authors: Shaban Ramon Z.
Published: December 2018

This is the third paper in a series that heralds a study that examines paramedic accounts and constructs of judgment and decision-making (JDM) of mental health and mental illness. This paper will overview an innovative theoretical framework for conducting a discourse-historical case study of paramedic judgment and decision-making of mental health and mental illness using ethnographic and ethnomethodological research methods. The review of the existing research and literature suggests an insufficiency of current theoretical and methodological frameworks to address the research problem and questions of this study. Little examination of judgment in mental illness and health has occurred, which is discussed in an earlier paper.1 Those studies, and the theoretical frameworks used, are insufficient in addressing key aspects of inquiry in judgment and decision-making, particularly in the paramedic ecology. The theoretical framework described here seeks to begin addressing this insufficiency in a new and innovative way.
Thrombolytic Therapy for Pulmonary Embolism: Lessons from Recent Clinical Trials
Authors: Wang Lexin
Published: December 2018

Pulmonary embolism is a common disease that is associated with significant mobility and mortality. Thrombolysis is potentially life saving when used in conjunction with anticoagulant therapy. Indications for thrombolysis for pulmonary embolism are not well defined. In patients with acute massive pulmonary embolism and hypotension, thrombolytic therapy offers some benefits in terms of mortality reduction. The use of thrombolysis in patients with stable haemodynamics has been controversial for more than two decades. Recent clinical studies have indicated that thrombolytic treatment in conjunction with heparin in patients with submassive pulmonary embolism and normal blood pressure can prevent deterioration of the disease and diminish the need for more intensive therapies during hospitalisation. The role of prehospital thrombolytic therapy for acute pulmonary embolism is unclear and further clinical studies are warranted.
Reading the Electrocardiograph: Paramedics’ Descriptions of their Learning
Authors: O’Donnell Madeleine , Lawson Mike
Published: December 2018

Introduction
If we know how students learn to read the electrocardiograph (ECG) then instructors can modify their teaching practices in order to optimize student learning. The aim of the study was to record cognitive functions that paramedics describe when they are learning to read the ECG. Answers were sought to the research question: What activities, strategies and cognitive elements do paramedics describe when they are learning to read and interpret ECGs?
Methods
Twelve participants were interviewed. Data were coded into six themes with 51 subcategories. Content analysis was concerned with description, induction, generation, and construction in terms of commonality in how ECG learning occurred.
Results
Students learning were categorized into six themes:
- BASIC LEARNING ACTIVITIES - elementary skills derived from reading, writing, and math.
- TRANSFORMATION OF INFORMATION PROCESSES - comprehension, memorizing, differentiating, and examining against a given criteria and threedimensional mental imagery and visualizations.
- LEARNING INTERACTIONS - activities of learning sourced from other than direct classroom instruction.
- CONTEXT OF LEARNING - informal learning with selected peers.
- SELF-REGULATORY LEARNING EVENTS - taking responsibility for learning.
- AFFECTIVE LEARNING - students’ thinking and feeling about their learning.
Conclusion
Paramedics make life-and-death decisions based on actions from their learning. It is imperative that students are given the support to learn, in a manner that is conducive to the way that the say they learn and instructors need to understand how students go about their learning and incorporate these processes into their teaching methods. Each student identified their use of three-dimensional mental visualizations to be a contributing cognitive function, therefore, instructors need to consider incorporating this approach into instructional design as a way to optimize and strengthen students’ learning about ECG interpretations.
Ambulance Service of NSW v Worley; further legal lessons for the emergency services
Authors: Eburn Michael
Published: December 2018

The decision of the Court of Appeal in New South Wales, in Ambulance Service of NSW v Worley, gives insight into legal issues relating to the emergency services, and ambulance services in particular. This article considers the facts that gave rise to this litigation, why the trial judge found that the treating paramedic was negligent and why that decision was overturned by the NSW Court of Appeal. The paper then considers the legal principles that arise from this decision and their importance for ambulance services throughout Australia.
Can Undergraduate Paramedic Students Accurately Estimate a Patient's Weight? – a Short Report
Authors: Williams Brett , Boyle Malcolm
Published: December 2018

Background

Accurate estimation of a patient's (adult and paediatric) weight is an important skill for paramedics. The patient's weight is often required for calculating medication dosages, correct sizing for equipment, defibrillation, and other invasive procedures. Only three previous studies have been located examining paramedic's ability to estimate a patient's weight. The objective of the study was to identify if undergraduate paramedic students could accurately estimate weight in selected patients.

Methods

A prospective single-blinded observational pilot study requiring students to estimate the weight of seven selected patients (adult and paediatric).

Results

The findings highlighted large variations in students’ ability to accurately estimate a patient's weight. The majority of patient weights were underestimated by undergraduate students. These results highlight the difficulties students have estimating patient's weight.

Conclusion

Results from this pilot study have identified considerable variation in students’ ability to accurately estimate a patient's weight. The results provide teaching staff with feedback to incorporate into the curriculum.
A novice’s guide to preparing and presenting an oral presentation at a Scientific Conference
Authors: Ranse Jamie , Hayes Courtney
Published: December 2018

This article will not provide guidance on public speaking techniques or details on the use of presentation software programs commonly used at conferences.
Cooperação e competição na Zona Euro
Authors: De Angelis Gabriele
Published: December 2018

Notoriously, the fiscal architecture of the common currency was flawed in several respects from the very start. Less well known are the flaws in the political architecture of the Economic and Monetary Union. This is characterised by a system of incentives that thwarts all efforts towards an overall macro-economic stabilisation of the Eurozone. There are two possible solutions to this problem: one is the political union, to be brought about by means of an additional transfer of economic and fiscal sovereignty and a corresponding mechanism of political legitimacy, or different fiscal rules within the current structure of political governance. The essay expounds upon these two options while taking into account the European Commission’s most recent reform proposals. It furthermore assesses the hurdles that the latter will have to overcome against the background of the preferences of the most influential Member States.
Geographic stomatitis mimicking pemphigus
Authors: DAYE Munise , TEMİZ Selami Aykut , CİHAN Sultan Gamze , FİNDİK Siddika
Published: December 2018

Oral mucosal diseases are concerns to specialists across multiple disciplines, such as family physicians, dentists, dermatologists, and rhinolaryngologists. Geographic stomatitis is defined as slightly raised, round, erythematous lesions that are restricted by well-defined whitish borders. The etiopathogenesis of this condition is unknown. There is a limited number of geographical stomatitis case in literature and it is thought that the real incidence is higher. Erosive lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris, aphthous stomatitis, traumatic stomatitis, and contact dermatitis are the differential diagnosis of this condition. When lesions are found only on the tongue, the lesion is defined as geographic tongue. Herein, we present a case of geographic stomatitis, resembling pemphigus vulgaris histologically.
The evaluation of hearing functions in patients with childhood vitiligo: are melanocytes involved in the inner ear?
Authors: CEVİK Osman Caglar , AYDİN CAPKİN Arzu , ARSLAN Ahmet , KUL Neslihan , AKSU ARİCA Deniz
Published: December 2018

Background

Vitiligo
is a common pigment disorder characterized by destruction of melanocytes in
epidermis. The inner ear is also one of the remarkable sites of melanocytes.
The mechanism destroying the melanocytes in vitiligo may also affect other
melanocyctic organs. Several studies have been reported some hearing
abnormalities in patients with vitiligo.

Objective

The
purpose of the study is to evaluate the hearing functions with transient-evoked
otoacoustic emission (TOAE) test according to the clinical types, disease
activity, localization at onset, age at onset, and duration of of the disease
in the children with vitiligo.

Methods

Thirty-five
patients with childhood vitiligo (18 females and 17 males, mean age 9.71 ±
3.75) and a healthy control group consisting 35 children (18 females and 17
males, mean age 9.23 ± 3.40) were consecutively enrolled to this prospective
study. Clinical characteristics of the disease including types, activity,
localization at onset, age at onset and duration were noted. Auditory functions
of children with vitiligo and healthy controls were measured by TOAE test. Test
results were compared between vitiligo and control group, and in subgroups of vitiligo
patients according to disease characteristics.  

Results

There
was no statistically significant differences between the childhood vitiligo
group and control group when TOAE test results compared (p > 0.05). Children
with disease onset at the head and neck had significantly higher TOAE test
results including in the right ear at a frequency of 4 KHz and average
frequency, while compared to the children with disease onset at other areas,
respectively (p=0.012, p=0.034). There was no statistically significant
differences, while TOAE results of subgroups compared according to clinical
types, activity, and duration of the disease in the patients with vitiligo (p
> 0.05).

Conclusions

According to the our study,
which is the first one measures the auditory functions by TOAE in children with
vitiligo, TOAE test results did not differ from healthy controls. Although the melanocytes
are present in the inner ear, our findings suggest that auditory functions of
children with vitiligo are not affected.
Gut microbiata: underestimated or exaggerated?
Authors: KARAKAN Tarkan
Published: December 2018

Human gastrointestinal
tract contains a large diversity of commensal microorganisms, which is many
times more than the human living cells. In the last decade, we had enormous
number of research on the association with diseases and gut microbiota
composition. There is a clear increase in the number of pathological conditions
associated with dysbiosis in time. Also, the range of diseases are increased
and distributed to many disciplines, non-gastrointestinal diseases are also
increasingly reported.  Gut microbiota
has multiple functions and new applications for diagnosis and therapeutics of
diseases. Probiotics are widely used in health and disease states. Probably
further high quality scientific research will determine the exact place of
microbiota and probiotics in human health in the future.
Deep Learning Based Computer Generated Face Identification Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Dang L. Minh , Hassan Syed Ibrahim , Im Suhyeon , Lee Jaecheol , Lee Sujin , Moon Hyeonjoon
Published: December 2018

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) describe an emerging generative model which has made impressive progress in the last few years in generating photorealistic facial images. As the result, it has become more and more difficult to differentiate between computer-generated and real face images, even with the human’s eyes. If the generated images are used with the intent to mislead and deceive readers, it would probably cause severe ethical, moral, and legal issues. Moreover, it is challenging to collect a dataset for computer-generated face identification that is large enough for research purposes because the number of realistic computer-generated images is still limited and scattered on the internet. Thus, a development of a novel decision support system for analyzing and detecting computer-generated face images generated by the GAN network is crucial. In this paper, we propose a customized convolutional neural network, namely CGFace, which is specifically designed for the computer-generated face detection task by customizing the number of convolutional layers, so it performs well in detecting computer-generated face images. After that, an imbalanced framework (IF-CGFace) is created by altering CGFace’s layer structure to adjust to the imbalanced data issue by extracting features from CGFace layers and use them to train AdaBoost and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB). Next, we explain the process of generating a large computer-generated dataset based on the state-of-the-art PCGAN and BEGAN model. Then, various experiments are carried out to show that the proposed model with augmented input yields the highest accuracy at 98%. Finally, we provided comparative results by applying the proposed CNN architecture on images generated by other GAN researches.
A Novel Bandpass Filter for the Analysis of Carbon Monoxide Using a Non-Dispersive Infrared Technique
Authors: Dinh Trieu-Vuong , Ahn Ji-Won , Choi In-Young , Kim Jo-Chun
Published: December 2018

In this study, two novel narrow bandpass filters (BPF) obtained from the high-resolution transmission molecular absorption (HITRAN) data for a carbon monoxide (CO) non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) analyzer were investigated and compared with a commercial BPF (4.64 µm). The new BPF was made using a two-cavity filter method with different center wavelengths and bandwidths from the commercial BPF. The wavelengths of the two BPFs were 4.5 µm and 4.65 µm. The gas emission pattern of a coal-fired power plant was used as a case study. Various concentrations of target gases were used to theoretically estimate the interference, and to practically determine it. It was found that although the transmittances of the two new BPFs were lower than that of the commercial BPF, the signal-to-noise ratio caused by two novel BPFs was approximately 20. In terms of interference effect, carbon dioxide (CO2) was found as a strong interfering gas on the commercial BPF at 4.64 µm and the new BPF at 4.65 µm. In contrast, the new BPF at 4.5 µm cut off the interference effect of all target gases. The measurement error of the NDIR analyzer applying the BPF at 4.5 µm was similar to that of gas filter correlation (GFC) NDIR and was less than 1%. This indicates that the novel BPF at 4.5 µm can be used instead of a GFC for a CO NDIR analyzer, thus overcoming the limitations of using a GFC.
Update on Insomnia after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Zhou Yi , Greenwald Brian D.
Published: December 2018

Sleep disturbance after traumatic brain injury (TBI) has received growing interest in recent years, garnering many publications. Insomnia is highly prevalent within the mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) population and is a subtle, frequently persistent complaint that often goes undiagnosed. For individuals with mTBI, problems with sleep can compromise the recovery process and impede social reintegration. This article updates the evidence on etiology, epidemiology, prognosis, consequences, differential diagnosis, and treatment of insomnia in the context of mild TBI. This article aims to increase awareness about insomnia following mTBI in the hopes that it may improve diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of sleeping disturbance in this population while revealing areas for future research.
Emergency Flood Control: Practice-Oriented Test Series for the Use of Sandbag Replacement Systems
Authors: Massolle Christopher , Lankenau Lena , Koppe Bärbel
Published: December 2018

In operational flood defense, it is common practice to use sandbag systems. However, their installation is time-consuming as well as material- and labor-intensive. Sandbag replacement systems (SBRSs) can be installed in significantly shorter time and with less effort. However, owing to the lack of confidence in their functionality, they are only used to a limited extent. Testing and certifying such innovative systems according to defined criteria is supportive in promoting their use in flood defense. In order to test SBRSs and as a first step toward systematic tests, the Institute for Hydraulic and Coastal Engineering of the Bremen University of Applied Sciences, Germany (IWA) has set up a test facility in which defined test series can be carried out with different SBRSs on an underlying surface of turf. The focus of the test series is on installation time, possible water head, system stability, and seepage rates when in use. A conventional sandbag dam was used as reference in order to compare the test results with the different SBRSs. Test series show that damming with SBRSs has a clear advantage over the use of sandbags in terms of the time it takes to put them in place and comparable values of seepage rates and water heads. In order to professionally promote the spread of SBRSs in operational flood protection, it is recommended to introduce the certification of SBRSs, since they are technical systems whose functional capability must be proven before their use in an emergency. Together with existing international certification schemes, the test series that were carried out deliver a basis for developing a specific testing scheme for SBRSs.