bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
АКАДЕМИЧЕСКАЯ АРХЕОЛОГИЯ: МЕЖДУ ПРОШЛЫМ И БУДУЩИМ
Authors: Н.А. Макаров
Published: November 2021

Юбилей российской академической археологии, отмечавшийся в 2019 г., поставил на повестку обсуждение истории становления научных учреждений археологического профиля в России, вклада российской академической археологии в формирование научного знания о прошлом Евразии и современного состояния археологической науки и сферы сохранения наследия в нашей стране. Достижения российской археологии советского времени и организационные принципы устройства археологической отрасли, сложившиеся в этот период, не только факты истории науки, но и основа, на которой формируется ее современная инфраструктура и научная программа. Однако наука о древностях, несмотря на кажущийся консерватизм и обособленное положение, стремительно меняется и оказывается перед лицом новых вызовов. Новые факторы, требующие адекватного ответа, - не только растущие масштабы преобразования исторической среды, насыщенной археологическими памятниками, под воздействием современного строительства, но и развитие технократической модели управления археологическими ресурсами, вытесняющее из этой сферы ученых, установки на развитие междисциплинарного взаимодействия, требующие от археологии широкой кооперации с естественными науками при сохранении своих собственных позиций в глобальных реконструкциях прошлого человечества.

The jubilee of the Russian archaeology celebrated in 2019 put the history of creating research archaeological institutions in Russia, the contribution of Russian academic archaeology in accumulation of scientific knowledge on the past of Eurasia and the current status of archaeological science and preservation of historical heritage in our country on the discussion agenda. Achievements of Soviet archaeology and organizational principles of the archaeological sector developed earlier are not only the facts of history of science but also the foundation on which its modern infrastructure and its scientific program have been developing. However, despite apparent conservatism and its isolated position, the science dealing with antiquities has been changing rapidly and is now facing new challenges. New factors requiring adequate response include not only a larger scale of transformations in the historical environment rich with archaeological sites but also appearance of a technocratic model of archaeological resource management that has been squeezing out scientists from this area a particular emphasis on interdisciplinary linkages requiring a broader cooperation between archaeology and natural sciences as well as maintenance of its own positions in global reconstructions of the human past.
The tile stamp with a legend ΙΔΙΩΤΙΚΗ. Towards to the types of Royal property at the Bosporus
Authors: А.В. Ковальчук , В.А. Дикарев
Published: November 2021

The article examines a stamp on a tile of Bosporus, which was found in 1955 at Phanagoria. The stamp with a legend «ΙΔΙΩΤΙΚΗ» comes from the pavement № 359 at the exavation «North Town». Comcomitant material from the exavation complex allows to define this stamp not earlier than IΙΙ century B. C. The same date is confirmed by the paleographic particularity of the stamp. The comparison of this stamp with other tiles of Bosporus indicates its proximity to the stamps with legend ΒΑΣΙΛΙΚΗ (IosPE III № 1370–1637) and allows us to conclude that they were manufactured by the same stamp-graver. Literature analysis leads us to conclusion that the adjectives βασιλική and ’ιδιωτική written on the stamps define different types of Royal property at the Bosporus. The tiles were produced for the government order and in case of ΙΔΙΩΤΙΚΗ legend (due to small number of stamps) was made obviously for a definite building
The footprints of the Roman military sandals on the tiles from Gorgippia
Authors: А.М. Новичихин
Published: November 2021

Two footprints of Roman military sandals (caligae) on the fragments of tiles found on the Gorgippia, are published in the article. Their origin can be linked with the participation of Roman military units in a military conflict that occurred in the 45–49 ad on the Bosporos.
Ancient Coins Found in the Area of Sochi
Authors: В.Н. Розов
Published: November 2021

The author describes imported ancient coins found in the area of Sochi (Krasnodar region). Of particular interest are an early Caucasian imitation of the staters of Lysimachus, tetradrachm of Mithradates Eupator and bronze coin of Sicyon from the Museum of Sochi History (a local find?). Other coins come from the territory of the Bosporan Kingdom and the Roman Empire, including silver provincial coins of Caesarea in Cappadocia struck in the names of Antoninus Pius, Plautilla and Gordian III. These finds indicate the economic relations of the local population with the Bosporus and Colchis.
Spartocid Onomasticon outside Bosporus (Part I)
Authors: И.Е. Суриков
Published: November 2021

There is a complex of personal names, which is manifestly connected with the Spartocid dynasty at the Bosporus. It seems to be interesting how such names were used in other regions of the Ancient Greek world. This, second, part of the article concentrates on the male names Gorgippus, Prytanis, Orchamus, and female names Acis, Alcathoa. Parallels from other regions of the Greek world are cited.
Blechkanne. Copper Hammered Pitchers of the First Centuries AD from the North Pontic Area and Sarmatia
Authors: М.Ю. Трейстер
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the finds of jugs hammered out of sheet of the Straldzha type in the North Pontic region, which were first investigated by B.A. Raev in the 1970s and 1980s, who assumed that they were made in the workshops of Thrace. An analysis of the chronology of the vessels shows that in Sarmatia, with rare exception, predominate finds in the funeral contexts of the late 1st and the first half of the 2nd century AD., while in the Bosporus and partly in the South-Western Crimea, the finds of such pitchers predominate in the complexes and layers of the mid-3rd – early 4th century AD. Taking into account the finds of recent decades in the territory of the Western and North-Western Pontic area, in the Crimea, as well as in the burials of the nomads of Asian Sarmatia and the mapping of finds, it becomes evident that the center of the conglomeration of finds in the Northern Black Sea Coast is located in the Bosporan Kingdom with the “splashes” on adjacent territories: to the west – to the region of the South-Western Crimea and to the north-east – to the nomads of the Lower Don region. The doubts expressed by J. Kunow and D.B. Shelov over 30 years ago that pitchers of the Straldzha type were manufactured only in Thrace and Shelov’s assumption, that they may have been produced in the northern Black Sea area, become especially relevant now. To consider, as before, that all these pitchers, which were simple, easy in production and used most probably to boil water, found in the Northern Black Sea area (where the number of finds exceeds the Thracian ones by a factor of two) were made in Thrace, becomes more and more complicated and, in my opinion, contradicts logic. I am not going to postulate that the finds from Thrace were made in the Bosporan Kingdom, they could have been made in the local workshops or in Pannonia.
Table drinking, verses, paederastic love and other matters in the graffiti of Panticapaeum
Authors: В.П. Яйленко
Published: November 2021

There are studied 19 graffiti from Panticapaeum and 2 from Nymphaeum, most of them are in verse. The majority (15) concerns table drinking matters, 3 deal with paederastic love; 2 victory-inscriptions and one is medico-culinary prescription. The most dates from V–IV BC, the several are later.
The complex of hand-made pottery from the watch-tower Kazan II near Uzunlar earth bank (morphology and technological analysis)
Authors: М.Е. Клемешова
Published: November 2021

The paper presents the description of hand-made pottery from the excavation of the watch-tower Kazan II near Uzunlar earth bank in 2017. The tower is dated to the second half of the I c. B.C. Technological analysis of 92 vessel rims of was carried out, using the method developed by A. A. Bobrinsky. The information about the raw material and paste composing was obtained. The analysis results demonstrate two clearly distinguishable pottery-making traditions: one with the paste composed of silty clay and grog and the other, with the paste composed of silty clay and crushed shell. Morphologically, the pottery with grog is similar to the vessels from the late-scyphian sites of North-West, Central and South-West Crimea. Most of the big container vessels and some of the small pots are made according to this pottery making tradition. The pottery with crushed shell is similar to vessels from Polyanka settlement in morphology and paste. Most of the small pots, bowls and cultic and votive ceramic are made according to this pottery making tradition. The author supposes that the tower garrison consisted of members of two cultural groups who made pottery according to the abovementioned traditions. The group producing ceramic with grog might be similar to late scyphian population of Crimea.
Clay lamps from «The hillfort of 11 kilometer» settlement
Authors: С.В. Язиков , А.Н. Свиридов , Е.В. Суханов
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the publication of Roman clay lamps from «The hillfort of 11 kilometer» settlement. The site is located on the Kerch peninsula (Leninsky district of the republic of Crimea). Based on morphology and decor analysis, the article deals with similar finds and dating issues.
The tombstones of the nekropolis “Alexandrovskye Skali” (mound 1, 2). Bosporian traditions and barbaric innovations in the use of stelae
Authors: А.А. Волошинов , Д.В. Бейлин , И.В. Рукавишникова
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the results of the investigation of the site of the necropolis of the 1st–2nd centuries. AD fortified settlement «11 km hillfort», discovered during archaeological research of the OAS «Kurgan group Alexandrovsky rocks 1». The total area of the sites studied was 6364 sq.M. m., where 244 burials were investigated. In addition to the burials I–II centuries. AD, under the mound of the mound 1, burials were discovered in the catacombs of the 2nd millennium BC. At the top of the rock massif of the mound 2, under the fundamentally destroyed stone structure, the central burial of the mound of the 4th–3rd centuries was revealed. BC.
Знаки и образы в искусстве каменного века. Международная конференция. Тезисы докладов [Электронный ресурс].
Authors: Е.С. Леванова
Published: November 2021

В сборник включены тезисы докладов участников международной конференции Знаки и образы в искусстве каменного века (27-29 ноября 2019 г.). Издание рассчитано на археологов, искусствоведов, краеведов и других специалистов в области археологии каменного века, наскального и пещерного искусства, искусства малых форм от палеолита до неолита.
КАМНИ В АТРИБУТИКЕ ПОГРЕБАЛЬНЫХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ ДРЕВНЕЙШИХ КУЛЬТУР (8–3 ТЫС. Л. Н.) НА ПОБЕРЕЖЬЕ ЭКВАДОРА: КОНТЕКСТ И ВАРИАНТЫ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ
Authors: А.В. Табарев , Т.А. Гаврилина
Published: November 2021

В ходе работ совместной российскояпонско-эквадорской археологической экспедиции на памятниках Реаль-Альто (культура вальдивия, 4,63 тыс. л.н.) и ЛомаАтауальпа (культура лас-вегас, 85,8 тыс. л.н.) (провинция Санта-Элена) в 2014-18 гг. была изучена серия погребений, относящихся к докерамическому (архаическому) и раннекерамическому (раннеформативному) периодам. Среди элементов погребального обряда особый интерес вызывают разноцветные морские гальки без следов использования их в качестве орудий. Привлекая данные по погребальным комплексам на территории Эквадора, а также сопредельных районов тихоокеанского побережья Южной Америки (Колумбии, Перу), авторы предлагают несколько предварительных версий интерпретации роли камней в погребальном ритуале. Примечательно, что гальки встречаются как вместе с погребениями (как правило, их число совпадает с числом скелетов), так и в непосредственной близости от погребений в виде выкладок-микрокомплексов (Рис. 1). По одной из версий, каждое погребение сопровождается персональным камнем, что играет роль погребального инвентаря и/или символического послания в иной мир. С другой стороны, эти предметы органично вписываются в более широкий круг практик использования необработанных камней (манупорты) и изделий (артефакты), которые использовались в погребальных ритуалах, как на территории Эквадора, так и по всему тихоокеанскому побережью Южной Америки (Перу, Чили). Это и крупные камни, маркирующие погребения на поверхности, и единичные гальки, и комплексы из обломков терочных плит и курантов (имитирующих погребение). Весьма любопытен факт сохранения данной традиции при переходе от обществ охотников-собирателей к обществам ранних земледельцев, что может свидетельствовать о единой этнической общности или весьма глубокой смысловой нагрузке данных предметов в погребальном контексте. Рис. 1. Комплекс из галек, памятник ЛомаАтауальпа, 2018 г. Табарев, А. В., Гаврилина, Т. А. (2017). Истоки погребальных традиций древних культур Тихоокеанского побережья Южной Америки. Теория и практика археологических исследований, 1 (17), 167180. Табарев, А. В., Попов, А. Н., Лазин, Б. В., Гаврилина, Т. А. (2018). Первая российская археологическая экспедиция в Южной Америке: предварительные результаты раскопок в Эквадоре в 20142015, 2017 гг. Гуманитарные исследования в Восточной Сибири и на Дальнем Востоке, 4 (46), 513.
NEW APPROACH IN AN EMBLEMATIC SITE: THE PALEOLITHIC CAVE OF LA MOUTHE (DORDOGNE, FRANCE)
Authors: S. Petrognani
Published: November 2021

Our project for the cave of La Mouthe incorporates a current dynamic of rereading rock art sites, and developing new problems of analysis. The knowledge acquired since the 1990s on archaeological data, with the discovery of major sites for prehistoric art, as well as methodological, with advances in radiocarbon dating, microanalyses of materials and context, or 3D digitization, have profoundly renewed our perception of prehistoric art. In the face of these new data, the re-reading of previously studied sites brings many new data, and a valuable re-reading of the graphic contexts of Paleolithic art. Marsoulas, La Baume-Latrone, the Bernoux fully materialize this dynamic. Our approach therefore aims to place the cave of La Mouthe in the context of its chrono-cultural context. Updating the inventory of its representations through a prospecting operation on the walls and rock art surveys is necessary but insufficient in this overall archaeological approach. The review of the exhumed material, the control of the various interventions past in situ, and a better consideration of the karstological and geomorphological problems will allow in the coming years to put in place a decisive argument with a view to carry out possible new internal or external excavations.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION AT ELETTRA
Authors: F. Zanini
Published: November 2021

The use of synchrotron radiation for the analysis of samples of historical and artistic importance (archaeology, palaeontology, conservation sciences, palaeo-environments) has been increasing over the past years, and experiments related to the study of our cultural heritage (CH) have been routinely performed at many beamlines of Elettra, the Italian synchrotron radiation facility. Fundamental parameters such as the high photon flux, the small source size and the low divergence typical of synchrotrons make it a very efficient source for a range of advanced spectroscopy and imaging techniques, adapted to the dishomogeneity and complexity of the materials under study. The continuous tunability of the source (from infrared to X-rays) is essential for techniques based on a fine tuning of the probing energy to reach high chemical sensitivity such as XANES, EXAFS, STXM, UV/VIS spectrometry. Moreover, the small source size attained in the vertical plane leads to spatial coherence of the photon source itself, giving rise to a series of imaging methods already crucial to the field. The increasing number of scientific publications shows that microfocused hard X-ray spectroscopy (absorption, fluorescence, diffraction), full-field X-ray tomography and infrared spectroscopy are the most popular synchrotron techniques in the field. The Elettra laboratory now offers a platform dedicated to CH researchers in order to support both the proposal application phase and the different steps of the experiment, from sample preparation to data analysis. We will present this activity and the main instrumental setups and experimental techniques in use at Elettra, and describe their impact for the science being applied to ancient materials using synchrotron rad
ГЕОМЕТРИЧЕСКИЕ ФОРМЫ В ИСКУССТВЕ МАЛЬТЫ
Authors: А.И. Жданова , Т.Е. Ростяженко
Published: November 2021

Предметы персональной орнаментации в палеолитических сообществах выступают в качестве способов самоидентификации личности, группы людей и имеют сложную семантическую, функциональную, культурную атрибуцию. Как правило, такие предметы имеют четкие геометрические формы и, в большинстве случаев, дополнительное декорирование. Среди уникальных предметов из коллекции палеолитической стоянки Мальта можно выделить изделия, которые отличаются широким многообразием геометрических форм (диадемы, браслеты и диски из бивня, большая часть которых орнаментирована). В особую группу отнесены орнаментированные пластины и диски из бивня мамонта, которые можно разделить на три группы: овальные, квадратные и прямоугольные со сглаженными углами. Первая группа представлена одним небольшим диском, орнаментированным С-образными знаками. Во вторую группу входят три небольших диска и один малый. Диски, покрытые зигзагообразным орнаментом, имеют сквозное отверстие в центре, а предмет, декорированный Собразным орнаментом, имеет слегка вытянутую и выгнутую форму. Последняя группа представлена двумя орнаментированными С-образными знаками и ямками пластинами, имеющими вытянутую форму. Изделия геометрических форм представлены диадемами и браслетами. В группе выделяются: широкие и узкие пластины, их фрагменты или заготовки. Широкие диадемные пластины изделия прямоугольной формы, с закругленными или обточенными трапециевидными и овальными краями, слегка вогнуты вовнутрь. Узкие экземпляры имеют заточенные края. В группе браслетов по морфологии выделяются узкие пластины, объемные обручи или скобы из бивня или богхеда. Браслеты-скобы и их фрагменты по форме являются прямоугольными изделиями с закругленными краями. Орнамент коллекции браслетов и диадем имеет традиционные мальтинские элементы ямки , параллельные линии и С-образные знаки.
ОПЫТ И РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ МЕЖДИСЦИПЛИНАРНОЙ ЛАБОРАТОРИИ ARTEMIR
Authors: Ж.-М. Женест , В.И. Молодин , Л.В. Лбова , Х. Плиссон
Published: November 2021

Создание и деятельность международной исследовательской лаборатории на базе НГУИАЭТ СО РАН предполагали накопление знаний и преобразование результатов научных исследований в образовательные и исследовательские проекты. Деятельность лаборатории ARTEMIR базировалась на следующих научных подходах (20142017 гг.): междисциплинарные исследования, которые обеспечивают всестороннее изучение изучаемого феномена (доисторического искусства) и его различных аспектов проверка полученных результатов с высокой степенью точности благодаря исследовательской работе зеркальных специалистов партнерских лабораторий апробация полученных результатов в рамках совместных конференций, онлайн-дискуссий и научно-практических семинаров, проводимых на регулярной основе достижение основной методологической цели разработка общей (на всех этапах) системы методологических принципов, применяемой в каждой исследовательской группе в рамках лабораторий исследовательского партнерства. Научные проблемы, изучаемые в рамках этого проекта, были представлены следующими нарративами: происхождение искусства в Евразии как историко-культурного феномена доисторическое искусство как одна из поведенческих составляющих человека современного физического типа культурногенетические связи в контексте изучения доисторических изобразительных искусств в Евразии сохранение древних технологических традиций и появление инноваций в изобразительном искусстве каменного века и палеометалла. В результате сотрудничества были реализованы международные экспедиции на плато Укок, во Франции и в Монголии, обработаны коллекции мобильного искусства ряда археологических памятников каменного века, проведены совместный научно-практический семинар и конференция, реализовано 6 образовательных проектов, опубликовано более 30 статей в высокорейтинговых журналах и достигнута основная цель разработка современной методики исследований объектов первобытного искусства, позволяющей достигнуть высокоточного документирования
ЗООМОРФНАЯ ПЛАСТИКА В СИБИРСКИХ КОЛЛЕКЦИЯХ ВЕРХНЕГО ПАЛЕОЛИТА
Authors: Л.В. Лбова , А.И. Панкина , П.В. Волков
Published: November 2021

Сибирская зооморфная палеолитическая коллекция отличается реализмом, характерной детализацией, ограниченным числом видов, устойчивыми приемами технологии и декорирования (памятники Толбага, Мальта, Усть-Кова, Буреть). Стилистический анализ позволяет констатировать существование двух традиций: серийных изделий (птиц) и индивидуальных изделий (рыба, змеи, мамонт, медведь, нерпа, сурок, отдельные виды птиц). Среди орнитоморфных скульптур выделяется устойчивый инвариант в характерной, мальтинской традиции изготовления изделий, с едиными морфологическими, технологическими и стилистическими признаками, но с незначительными вариациями деталей (форма крыльев или головки, размер, контур хвостовой части). По типологии отмечается устойчивое соотношение изначальной заготовки с окончательным видом предмета: отщеп для изображения рыбы, бруски для изображений млекопитающих, стержни для изображений змей и птиц. С позиций технологического анализа выделяются заготовки скульптуры и предметы разной степени завершенности. Декорирование предметов мальтинской культуры характерно для индивидуальных изделий имитация меха, чешуи, перьев определено в рамках устойчивых традиций орнаментации бивня. На отдельных фигурках отмечены следы красной и черной краски (мамонт, птицы). Для производства и декорирования скульптуры использованы различные инструменты: строгальный нож, резец, резчик, скобель, провертка, абразивы. Практически все предметы имеют отверстия и следы заполировки от контакта с мягким органическим материалом (кожей), что может служить основанием для предположения, что они могли использоваться как подвески, носились в кожаном мешочке или являлись элементами родовых связок .
К ПРОБЛЕМЕ ХРОНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ АТРИБУЦИИ ДРЕВНЕЙШИХ ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЙ НА СКАЛАХ ЮЖНОЙ СИБИРИ
Authors: Е.А. Миклашевич
Published: November 2021

Среди петроглифов Минусинской котловины выделяется представительная группа изображений (т.н. минусинский стиль или минусинская традиция), относящихся к самым ранним в хронологической колонке наскального искусства региона. Их отличает особый набор устойчивых стилистических и иконографических приемов, репертуар образов (олень, первобытный бык-тур, дикая лошадь, лось, архар, кабан, медведь), выбор скальных плоскостей хорошего качества и больших размеров, первичная позиция в случае палимпсестов и др. признаки. Все другие стилистические группы атрибутированы по аналогиям (мелкая пластика, изображения на плитах и предметах) из закрытых датируемых комплексов, петроглифы же древнейшего пласта не имеют никаких привязок в археологических материалах. Высказывались различные мнения по вопросу их датировки: верхний палеолит неолит энеолит (афанасьевская культура), однако неоспоримых аргументов у сторонников ни одной из этих гипотез нет. Пока с уверенностью можно говорить лишь о том, что этот пласт предшествует эпохе ранней бронзы (окуневской культуре). Аналогичная ситуация сложилась и в наскальном искусстве Алтая. Здесь также выделяется группа наиболее ранних петроглифов, которые определенно предшествуют каракольской культуре, но мнения исследователей об их датировке также различны: от верхнего палеолита до афанасьевской культуры. Древнейшее наскальное искусство Алтая обнаруживает несомненное стилистическое сходство с древнейшими петроглифами Минусинской котловины, репертуар образов также в целом совпадает. Этот пласт очень хорошо представлен и на скалах Монгольского Алтая. Таким образом, культурно-хронологическая атрибуция древнейших петроглифов Южной Сибири пока не выяснена и является одной из актуальнейших проблем в археологии региона. По мнению автора, вероятность принадлежности их к эпохе камня довольно высока. В докладе представлены наиболее известные памятники, характеризуются особенности изображений анализируются аргументы за и против имеющихся гипотез о датировке обозначены направления дальнейших исследований. Современные возможности документирования наскального искусства и междисциплинарный подход открывают новые перспективы для изучения и атрибуции изображений древнейшего пласта. Основные задачи исследований на данном этапе: поиск новых памятников и выявление новых плоскостей на уже известных уточнение опубликованных копий на основе полевых исследований (для сохранившихся объектов) и привлечение архивных данных (для утраченных) создание полной базы данных по всем объектам систематизация и классификация материала, сравнительный стилистический анализ палеозоологический анализ (изображенные животные относятся к вымершим или изменившим ареал видам) исследование технологических особенностей нанесения геоморфологический анализ склонов с плоскостями анализ скального субстрата и др.
La emptio venditio
Authors: Antúnez-Villegas Luis Enrique
Published: November 2021

no presenta resumen
El derecho de acción
Authors: Arrarte Arisnabarreta Ana María
Published: November 2021

No presenta resumen
Consideraciones sobre el marco legal del contrato de cooperación pesquera suscrito entre EPSEP y SEVRIBA
Authors: Hundskopf-Exebio Eusebio
Published: November 2021

No presenta resumen
GRAPHIC DEPENDENCES IN THE STUDY OF STRUCTURE - PROPERTIES OF GLYCOLS
Authors: Виноградова Марина Геннадьевна , Козлова Рада Романовна
Published: November 2021

Обсуждается взаимосвязь энтальпии образования двухатомных спиртов с различными факторами химического строения. Построены и проанализированы графические зависимости «Энтальпия образования - топологический индекс (ТИ)», «Энтальпия образования - номер изомера» и «Топологический индекс - номер изомера». Показано, что в одних случаях энтальпия образования хорошо коррелирует с ТИ, а в других случаях такой зависимости нет.

The relationship between the enthalpy of formation of dihydric alcohols and various factors of chemical structure is discussed. Graphical dependencies "Enthalpy of formation - topological index (TI)", "Enthalpy of formation - isomer number" and "Topological index - isomer number" were constructed and analyzed. It was shown that in some cases the enthalpy of formation correlates well with TI, while in other cases there is no such dependence.
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF SOLUTIONS OF IONIC LIQUIDS BASED ON 1-ALKYL-2-METHYLPYRIDINIUM SALTS WITH INORGANIC ANIONS IN ACETONITRILE
Authors: Журавлев Олег Евгеньевич , Юлмасов Глеб Сергеевич , Суратова Екатерина Сергеевна , Ворончихина Людмила Ивановна
Published: November 2021

Авторами работы получены ионные жидкости с катионом 1-алкил-2-метилпиридиния и неорганическими анионами. Проведены исследования электропроводности их растворов в ацетонитриле. Методом Ли-Уитона рассчитаны константы ионной ассоциации K, предельная молярная электрическая проводимости (λ) и энергия Гиббса ассоциации (ΔG) в растворах.

The authors of the work obtained ionic liquids with 1-alkyl-2-methylpiridinium cation and inorganic anions. Studies of the electrical conductivity of their solutions in acetonitrile have been carried out. The Li-Wheaton method was used to calculate the ion association constants K, the limiting molar electrical conductivity (λ), and the Gibbs association energy (ΔG) in solutions.
Commercial Building Facade Design: Improving the Consistency of Early Design Tool Predictions and Detailed Design Tool Calculations
Authors:   , Hsu Chi-Yao
Published: November 2021

The focus of this research is the concept of the 'Performance Sketch' tool. This is to use detailed simulation software to calculate (plausible) energy performance of designs quickly. Analogous to the Architectural Sketch the Performance Sketch uses high quality tools (detailed simulation) to create an accurate, but simple representation of the essential properties of a building, as opposed to a detailed representation. The aim of this research is to assess the consistency between the predictions produced by performance sketch design tools and the calculations produced by detailed design tools. The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’s (LBNL) computer software COMFEN (COMmercial FENestration) is a performance sketch tool. It makes the power of the complex detailed design simulation package EnergyPlus available in the very early stages of the design process. It uses a single zone, single external façade EnergyPlus model to explore the costs and benefits of alternate façade designs. The hypothesis tested is that the COMFEN (single-zone) energy performance calculation method is plausible for early design analyses. It evaluates the performance sketch approach from three different points of view: first, COMFEN was introduced to various practitioners in the building industry to gather use-case feedback on the performance sketch approach. A list of specifications for performance sketch design tools was developed based on these use-cases. Second, it examines whether the optimum façade identified by COMFEN creates the optimum performance complex building when this optimum façade is incorporated into detailed building models. Finally, refinements of the nature of the performance sketch based on this use-case feedback were tested in EnergyPlus. The thesis concludes by drawing together these three threads into an outline of a practitioner-based definition of an ideal performance sketch which has been tested in practical application.
A Survey of Weeding Practices in New Zealand Academic Libraries
Authors:   , Johnston Angus
Published: November 2021

Weeding is the removal and disposal of materials from a library’s collection that meet criteria set out in the collection development policy. Weeding the print collection of an academic library should be viewed as a means of continuously improving the quality of the collection, reflecting changes in the university’s academic curriculum and meeting patrons’ research needs (Dubicki, 2008). Weeding is often neglected however because of time constraints, a desire to maintain the size of a collection, and the belief that a book may be needed some time in the future ...
An Investigation into the Extent and Application of Bilingual Signage in New Zealand Public Libraries
Authors:   , Evans Elizabeth Rosemary
Published: November 2021

Bilingual signage is important both for the assistance it renders patrons as they navigate through the library, and for the statement it makes about a library‟s commitment to biculturalism. Good signage enables library users to find their way around a library and locate the information they need. Many Māori report feeling uncertain and alienated in libraries, and bilingual signage has been identified as an important component in the process of making Māori feel welcome in libraries. This study aims to discover to what extent public libraries commit to biculturalism through their bilingual signage, and how bilingual signage is displayed to alleviate library anxiety among Māori users, and as well to determine to what degree the level of signage in public libraries can be related to the proportion of Māori in the local population. A mixed methods research design has been applied to investigate the quantitative and qualitative information collected in the first phase of the research (an online survey sent to 330 public libraries throughout New Zealand), followed by the second phase of qualitative in-depth data gathering in the form of personal visits to 12 Auckland public libraries to conduct a qualitative content analysis of their signage. The findings reveal that over 50% of New Zealand public libraries have some form of bilingual signage, but they also show that much bilingual signage is employed at the upper level of signage rather than the deeper levels applicable to wayfinding. Practices in bilingual signage that need to be addressed are identified. Suggestions are made for further research.
A Framework for Anomaly Detection under Dynamic and Distributed Scenarios
Authors:   , Odiathevar Murugaraj
Published: November 2021

Anomaly Detection is an important aspect of many application domains. It refers to the problem of finding patterns in data that do not conform to expected behaviour. Hence, understanding of expected behaviour well is fundamental to performing effective anomaly detection. However, data profiles constantly evolve in certain domains such as computer networks. In other domains such as traffic monitoring and healthcare, data are distributed and are either too large or there are privacy concerns in transmitting them to a central location. These situations pose a challenge to obtain an accurate understanding of non-anomalous profiles. Changing profiles undermine existing anomaly detection models and make them less effective. Training a robust model with data from multiple sources is also challenging. Moreover, in real world scenarios, it is not apparent how an anomaly detection model can be built to address the problem.

This thesis focuses on the building of a robust anomaly detection system where data profiles evolve and/or are distributed. It proposes a novel Online Offline Framework to separate existing expected behaviour, new possible expected behaviour and anomalies in streaming data. It also addresses the distributed scenario using a theoretically sound fully Bayesian approach. These methods improve performances of anomaly detection systems and work well with biased and uneven data partitions.

The proposed methods are validated using real world data in three different domains. This thesis identifies the implementation difficulties in these domains and produces three novel methodologies to address each of the core anomaly detection problems.
Cross-Borehole DC Resistivity Tomography of Sea Ice: Temporal and Spatial Variations in the Anisotropic Microstructure
Authors:   , Jones Keleigh Ann
Published: November 2021

As an inhomogeneous mixture of pure ice, brine, air and solid salts the physical properties of sea ice depend on its highly temperature-dependent microstructure. Understanding the microstructure and the way it responds to variations in temperature and salinity is crucial in developing an improved understanding of the interaction between sea ice and the environment. However, measurements monitoring the microstructure of sea ice are difficult to obtain without disturbing its natural state. The brine fraction of sea ice is orders of magnitude more conductive than the solid ice, thus direct current resistivity techniques should yield information on sea ice microstructure. Due to the preferential vertical alignment of brine inclusions, the bulk resistivity of first-year sea ice is anisotropic, complicating interpretation of surface resistivity soundings. However, it can be shown that in a bounded anisotropic medium the resistivity structure may be resolved through in situ cross-borehole measurements. Measurement between borehole pairs, each containing one current and one potential electrode, allows the determination of the horizontal component of the anisotropic bulk resistivity (PH). Using three to four electrodes positioned at approximately the same depth in separate boreholes, provides an under-estimation of the geometric mean resistivity (Pm), and numerical modelling is required to retrieve an estimate of the true Pm. Combining these resistivities allows calculation of the vertical component of the bulk resistivity (PV). This thesis looks at results from measurements made in first year sea ice in April – June 2008 off Barrow, Alaska and in November 2009 off Ross Island, Antarctica. At Barrow, relatively quiescent conditions typically lead to a predominance of columnar ice, while more turbulent conditions and underwater ice formation in McMurdo Sound tend to produce a larger component of frazil or platelet ice. Interpretation of the resistivity measurements, aided by temperature and salinity data, shows that this measurement technique can be used to observe evolution of the ice structure, and distinguish different ice types. Basic two phase structures provide a simple picture of the brine microstructure and how it changes with depth and time. These models indicate the need for vertical connectivity of the brine inclusions even in cool ice, and that PH seems to be mostly due to connections along grain boundaries.
What Makes a Good Graded Reader: Engaging with Graded Readers in the Context of Extensive Reading in L2
Authors:   , Claridge Gillian Margaret Helen
Published: November 2021

It is widely accepted in the ESOL field that Extensive Reading is good for ESOL learners and there are many studies purporting to show that this is true. As a result, the publication of Graded Readers in English today is a major commercial concern, although David Hill (2008, p. 189), former director of the Edinburgh Project on Extensive Reading, in his most recent study of Graded Readers, comments that they are being produced 'in a hostile climate where extensive reading is little valued, practised or tested.' However, anecdotal evidence from teachers and researchers claims that learners do not read anywhere near the recommended one Graded Reader a week prescribed by Nation and Wang (1999, p. 355) to provide the necessary amount of comprehensible input for increasing vocabulary. If these claims and Hill's comments are true, there may be a mismatch between the kind of reading material produced for learners of English and the nature and teaching of the texts currently recommended by teachers and librarians. Such a situation would not only be a huge waste in terms of resources; it could also lead to the alienation of generations of English learners from a potentially valuable means of improving and enjoying language learning. My study investigates this discrepancy by looking at the perceptions of the main stakeholders in Graded Readers, namely the publishers, the judges and academics, the teachers and the learners, to see how they differ and why. As each population is different, the methodologies used in the study are various, making for an approach described as 'bricolage' (Lincoln & Guba, 2000a, p. 164). At the heart of the study are five case studies of learners, set against the backdrop of data gathered from all the stakeholders. As the results indicate that the purpose of the reading appears to govern the perceptions of the individual learner, I found Louise Rosenblatt's (Rosenblatt, 1978) Transactional Theory of Reading Response was an appropriate framework within which to interpret the data.
The development of a passive, wireless sensor system
Authors:   , Hasegawa Natsuki
Published: November 2021

This thesis describes the development of a prototype passive, wireless sensor system based on magnetoelastic sensor technology. The application of the sensor system is aimed at the measurement of humidity levels in sealed containers and structures, in particular the detection of moisture ingress in building structures. The system uses magnetoelastic sensor elements as is commonly used in commercial electronic article surveillance (EAS) systems for the prevention of shoplifting. Magnetoelastic Metglas® 2826MB material is evaluated and it is shown that the application of a magnetic bias field of the appropriate magnitude is critical for optimum sensor performance. The sensors can be activated for the detection of water vapour by the application of an appropriate chemical interface layer. A polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) layer was found to produce a resonant frequency response of approximately 50 Hz/RH(%). The design and construction of a portable electronic sensor reader is described and it is shown that the reader can successfully interrogate the sensor inside sealed spaces at practical distances. The construction of a practical humidity sensor using a PVA coating and the humidity response of the sensor system is then calibrated using a commercial humidity sensor. The system showed good response over the 0-100 % relative humidity range, with some non-linearity observed at high humidity levels. The completed sensor system was then evaluated for practical applications including measurements inside a sealed food container as well as inside a wall cavity. The results indicated that the constructed system was capable of measuring humidity with reasonable accuracy in such applications.
Construction of a thermal demagnetization oven, and investigations on the Matahina ignimbrite
Authors:   , Hoare Raymond Allan
Published: November 2021

A non-magnetic oven, and its ancillary equipment have been constructed and used to study magnetic properties of the Matahina ignimbrite, for which the following results have been established: 1. The directions of magnetization do not alter on heating in the oven. 2. The ignimbrite may be divided into sheets on the basis of magnetic properties. 3. Geological faulting has been revealed by divergent magnetization directions. 4. The T.R.M. acquired in the present earth's field is much greater than the N.R.M. This is possibly due to changes in minerals in the rock, either in the field since the rock was deposited, or on heating in the laboratory.
The Sparrow Ghost
Authors:   , Johnson Sonia K
Published: November 2021

The characters depicted here are based on the particular actions and experiences of actual people, but their personalities and relationships have been fictionalised. No resemblance is ultimately intended between these characters and their real catalysts. The descriptions of the flu pandemic are as accurate as possible. This work is, however, not intended as an historical account. History is a means, not my end.
Metaphor in Education
Authors:   , Kortens Maureen
Published: November 2021

Without metaphor there would be no legs on the table, no hands on the clock. These are dead metaphors. Even that expression is a metaphor, for how can something be dead that has never literally been born. It is an expression which cannot be taken literally. In its first use it was 'alive' in the sense of being new or witty or apt and memorable. Without metaphor we are reduced to the bare bones of language, to a kind of Orwellian Newspeak. One can hardly avoid using metaphors to explain them. Even scientists and mathematicians use metaphors but they usually refer to them as models. Metaphor is a function of language which enables us to be creative. Not only the person who coins, invents, or thinks of the new metaphor but also the listener or reader who constructs a personal meaning for him or her self. We speak of creativity in education, as a human capacity to be encouraged and developed. How creative can humans be? Do they ever really 'create' anything new apart from reproductions of themselves? Any creative activity such as painting, building or gardening is really re-organising elements already created. So humans enjoy 'creating' their own order, forms, or patterns which we call art. Language is capable of endless patterns. The basic patterns, usually known as grammar, appear to be innate and in speech and writing we use these 'inbuilt' structures to create new sentences of our own. At its highest level we call this literature. It has taken us some time to realise that a word in itself has no meaning as it is a symbol only. For those aspects of experience which are difficult to explain we turn to metaphor. Thus religions often use myths and symbols. Anthropology describes many human activities as metaphoric, for example myths or totemism. Practically every sphere of human activity is imbued with this magical quality of metaphor, for it extends our understanding of the world by giving us a kind of 'elastic' way of describing our experiences. It is not the prerogative of writers or poets but a power we all possess and one which has been derided and abused at times in our history. Only now is it increasingly being recognized as a human capacity worthy of study. In this work I delve into some aspects of the use of metaphor to show how we need to be aware of its potent, pervasive power, especially those of us involved in teaching for whom I will attempt to demonstrate that teaching is itself a metaphoric activity.
Security in South East Asia: How Are South East Asian Countries Ensuring Their Security in an Uncertain Asian Security Environment Due to the Rise of China as a Regional and Global Power?
Authors:   , Arlidge Kevin
Published: November 2021

The countries of Malaysia, Viet Nam and Indonesia are using a hedging strategy to ensure their security. The Philippines is pursuing a dual policy of hedging and balancing with the US. Singapore is following a policy of hedging but is verging on bandwagoning with the US. All countries are leveraging off ASEAN and its associated fora as their first line of defence. While ASEAN and its fora are adequate for dialogue they are not effective in solving disputes among ASEAN countries or between ASEAN countries and China. The uncertain military rise of China and territorial and maritime disputes with China are causing South East Asian countries to feel insecure. While China professes a policy of “Peaceful Development” its actions in 2009 and 2010 indicated a more aggressive approach to its claims over the entire South China Sea that it now states is an area of “core Interest” to China along with Taiwan. South East Asian countries are expanding or have plans to expand their defence force capability. The US is considered an important actor in guaranteeing South East Asian security and keeping China’s territorial ambitions in check in the immediate future. The countries of Malaysia, Viet Nam, Indonesia, Philippines and Singapore are developing strong economic links with China but are keeping their military links at arms length while forging closer defence links with the US.
Teachers' Predictions and Pupil Achievement in School Certificate
Authors:   , McCausland Frederick John
Published: November 2021

This thesis examines the estimates of pupils' performances in School Certificate made by teachers at Hutt Valley High School over a six year period. It aims to assess the degree of accuracy of teacher predictions, in particular at the pass/fail boundary, and to identify and evaluate the relative importance of some correlates of accurate prediction. The data for this study is taken from school records showing for each class the name of the teacher and the estimated and achieved marks of each pupil in School Certificate for the period 1973 to 1978. The statistical analyses include the calculation of the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient between the estimated and achieved marks of pupils in English, Mathematics, Science and French. Expectancy tables are provided to give greater detail of the accuracy of teacher's estimates at different points across the mark range. A multiple regression analysis is carried out in order to identify and evaluate the relative importance of some correlates of accurate prediction. The statistical section concludes with a summary analysis of the data from the subjects for the year following the major analysis. The results of the study show that the correlations between the estimated and achieved marks are greater in Mathematics and French than in English and Science, however, the estimated and achieved class means across subjects show greatest agreement in English and least agreement in Mathematics. Whilst variations across subjects and across years occur, in general teachers show a tendency to underestimate pupils at the upper end of the ability range and overestimate the marks of pupils at other points of the scale. A movement of approximately 16.5% across the pass/fail boundary was observed when comparing the estimated and achieved marks of pupils. The study also concludes that the only factor to reveal a substantial and systematic link with the quality of teachers' predictions was the ability level of the class under analysis - teachers were generally more able to predict the results of their pupils for higher ability than lower ability classes (English excepted).