bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kultūrvēstures aspekti Jāņa Čakstes vācu valodā sarakstītajā apcerējumā „Die Letten und Ihre Latwija” (1917), tā tulkošanas un izdevumu vēsture latviski („Latvieši un viņu Latvija”, 1989/1990–2019)
Authors: Orehovs Ivars
Published: April 2021

On May 4, 2020, the 30th anniversary of the restoration of Latvia’s national independence was celebrated, and the 160th anniversary since the birth of the first President of Latvia, Jānis Čakste (1859–1927), was remembered on September 14, 2019. In 1917, even before the establishment of the Latvian state, Čakste published a longer essay in German, entitled „The Latvians and Their Latvia” (Die Letten und ihre Latwija), in which both the ethnic and geopolitical history of the Baltics was presented to communicate the public opinion and strivings of that time internationally. The essay also reflected economic relations in the predominantly Latvian-inhabited territory, demonstrating the political convictions and the culture-historical background of the era.
The article aims to characterise the history of writing and publishing the essay in German, and its translation into Latvian (1989/90), and the translation’s editions (1999, 2009, 2014, 2019). Part of the article is devoted to analysing the culture-historical aspects, which in the authorial narrative have been expressed in the interethnic environment of the territory and the era.
Latvijas kultūrtelpa (1930–1939) vācbaltiešu pēcteču atmiņās
Authors: Niedre Laila , Ošeniece Gunta
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this article is to reveal the Latvian cultural space of the 1930s, how it appears in present-day reminiscences of Baltic Germans, people with German heritage residing in Latvia, or their descendants. The data consists of extended interviews recorded as a part of the Latvian Academy of Culture project “Latvija – Heimatland” (2017–2019). One of the project objectives is to register and explore the reminiscences of this social group. The article analyses the accounts of 22 people residing in Latvia and 14 in Germany. These are accounts of events experienced either by themselves or their family members. It covers a time when the community of Latvians and Germans residing in Latvia was polarised by national interests, and the decade ended with Baltic Germans emigrating, followed by the Soviet occupation of Latvia. The Latvian cultural space of the 1930s is indirectly described by quotes from the respondents that relate to the resettlement in 1939 (Umsiedlung in German). The reminiscences illuminate cultural space components such as social practices, symbols, languages, and their use, traditions, and cuisine. The individual memories of Baltic Germans and their descendants significantly contribute to how the Latvian cultural space of the 1930s is already seen through collective memory, which includes monuments, written work, and art. They outline the lifestyle of this specific minority group, diversity of cultures, and interaction between them in Latvia, as well as a theme of Latvia as the lost motherland.
Rituals of the Librarians’ Community During the Soviet Era and the Period of Restored Independence
Authors: Astikienė Sigita
Published: April 2021

The aim of the article is to reveal the social and cultural relations between the professional librarian groups, which have existed from the seventies to the present day, through the prism of practiced rituals and celebrations. During the research, from 2019 to 2020, 30 librarians living and working in different parts of Lithuania were interviewed. In total, 23 currently working and 7 retired librarians were interviewed. Material from ethnographic works, yearbooks, chronicles, photo archives, and library histories found in the libraries was also analysed. The study revealed that events, celebrations, gatherings of the work cycle, and staff evaluations were popular in libraries and strongly encouraged by various government agencies. After Lithuania regained its independence and the Lithuanian Librarians’ Association was restored, new and more varied celebrations began to emerge, but some of the previous traditions, such as staff awards, interaction with seniors, and visiting the graves of former colleagues, remained. After the restoration of independence, librarians began celebrating Christmas and professional celebrations such as National Library Week and Culture Day. Features of urban carnival culture can also be found in the events of the librarian community. Some of these events are closed and intended only for members of this community, while others are for the public, and there are more directed and demonstrative elements for a mass audience. After analysing the research data, it can be seen that Lithuanian librarians create and maintain relations of the community at the personal, institutional, and interregional levels.
Atverčiant primirštą Lietuvos kultūros puslapį: Vilniaus modernizmo atspindžiai pavelde
Authors: Povilaitytė-Leliugienė Edita
Published: April 2021

The analyses of interwar Vilnius heritage preservation, research, and maintenance concentrated mostly on discussions about the general law, state tendency, and case studies of good and bad practices. However, the more modern heritage preservation, research, or maintenance theories and aspects during the interwar period were neglected. Therefore, this article aims to analyse if modern technologies, ideas, and methods in the heritage research and maintenance (mostly in the reconstructions and adaptation of heritage buildings for new purposes) projects were adapted or not in interwar Vilnius. According to this aim, the article analyses a few heritage maintenance works and emphasises how architects used new technologies, modern architecture details, and ideas in the heritage maintenance projects and their realisation. Technologies as central heating system, electrification, canalisation, toilets, or bright interiors, wide air-spaces were inseparable from modernism perspective. The architecture of buildings and urban structures were modernised and improved for better living quality. Also, ideas and technologies did not avoid the heritage objects, especially civil buildings as Vilnius Town Hall, squares as Cathedral square, defensive heritage object as Vilnius Upper Castle. However, the analysis maintains that modern technologies were used moderately and kept a respectful tone with the authentic heritage, whole complex, and elements.
Vergilija „Eneīdas” mēģinājumi latviešu heksametros
Authors: Bodniece Līva
Published: April 2021

This paper presents the compilation and analysis of the Latvian translations of the Aeneid, the Latin epic poem written by Virgil (Publius Vergilius Maro), from the first attempts in the late 19th century until the most recent publication in 1970. The materials analysed also include republications of translation excerpts. The source texts are arranged and revised chronologically, and the text analysis is achieved through the comparative method. Particular attention is paid to the translation issues of the dactylic hexameter, the ancient meter also known as “the meter of the epic”. There is no tradition in the Latvian cultural context to render epic poems into prose or any other meter than the dactylic hexameter. Augusts Ģiezens is the most prolific translator of epic poems in Latvian and has translated all Ancient Greek epic poems and the Roman Aeneid. Consequently, his version of the dactylic hexameter has established itself as an example for many generations of readers. The reason for this is the lack or unavailability of other translations. The comparison of translations also offers a look into the rendering of ancient proper nouns. Particular care is devoted to critiques of the translations as published by contemporaries in the press. The variations of translation strategies in early 20th-century poetry renderings in terms of both meter and proper noun rendering lead to the conclusion that attempts in creating a Latvian hexameter have not yet been exhausted and are likely to find new manifestations, particularly in Latvian ancient poetry translation.
Omāra Haijāma rubaju atdzejojumi latviešu valodā
Authors: Ļaviņš Imants
Published: April 2021

In Latvia, unlike in other countries, the poetry of the outstanding Persian encyclopedist and poet Omar Khayyam Nīshapūrī (1048–1131) was discovered relatively late, when the poet Andrejs Kurcijs translated his quatrains. It must be admitted that even today, for the Latvian reader Omar Khayyam happens to be almost the only one poet of the Islamic world they would recognise. Omar Khayyam’s rubais have not lost their popularity until this day, as evidenced by a large number of re-published rubai translations by Kurcijs. His poetry translations are quite similar to what Edward FitzGerald once called rendering. When translating poetry, its characteristic foot, the number of syllables, and rhythm often are lost. The author of the particular article aimed to find out which of the manuscripts Kurcijs used for the translation, but unfortunately, the search was unsuccessful. The source text would have made it possible to compare Kurcijs’s performance with the original text.
Medijpratība Latvijā: iedzīvotāju aptaujas rezultāti (2019) un nākotnes uzdevumi
Authors: Ločmele Klinta
Published: April 2021

The article aims to present the latest results of the media literacy survey of the Latvian population, compare them with the indicators of 2017, and outline the future tasks for successful media literacy development in Latvia based on the identified problem situations. The results of the 2019 research were obtained in a representative survey of the Latvian population. It was conducted by the Latvian Council of Science project “Latvian Media Ecology: Analysis of the Changes Caused by the Fourth Industrial Revolution” No. lzp-2018/2-0260. To explain the context, the article begins with an explanation of the concept of media literacy, a brief overview of the development of media literacy in Latvia over the past five years, and a description of the media literacy of the Latvian population. Although some media literacy indicators of the Latvian population have improved in terms of self-assessment, there are still results that indicate the need to intensively continue media literacy education and address it more purposefully to certain groups of society. In the second part, the author offers a vision of some future tasks in the process of promoting media literacy in the field of project topics and media literacy strategy and policy planning. The first task is to encourage children and young people to think critically in evaluating Youtube and other social media content. The second highlights the need to reach the population with a low level of education. The third draws attention to the need to successfully integrate the media literacy issues included in the new education standard into students’ daily work and provide lifelong learning for teachers. The fourth task for the future is to design long-term projects, also thinking about measuring their effectiveness.
Lomu identitāšu mijiedarbība sociālās tīklošanās vietnēs
Authors: Skolmeistere Velta
Published: April 2021

The aim of the article “Interaction of role identities in social networking sites” is to explore the reflection of youth role identities in social network sites, as well as their interaction. The research field includes understanding youth’s (16–26) behavior on social networking sites, such as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, and Twitter. The research perspective is based on symbolic interactionism, explaining self and role identities, and, also, on theories describing the specifics of social networking sites. The research results imply that the youth on social networking sites tend to present more often those role identities related to their peers and their interests or beliefs, not those connected to a more personal relationship. Also, there are some differences in the presentation of identities on various social networking sites. The desire to avoid contradictions between role identities is one of the factors why youth perceive the maintenance of their digital image as a rather complicated task. Furthermore, the presence of various social groups and circles on various social networking sites, as well as the architecture of the sites, cause a situation where the youth admit that the impression they make on various social networking sites is different.
KEBEBASAN BERPENDAPAT TERHADAP PEMERINTAH MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF UU ITE
Authors: Rahmawati Nur , Muslichatun Muslichatun , Marizal M
Published: April 2021

Pemerintah menuntut keaktifan masyarakat dalam mengkritik pemerintah. Namun, pernyataan tersebut menimbulkan polemik berbagai kalangan. Tujuan penulisan ini ialah untuk mengetahui respons mahasiswa terkait pemerintah yang menuntut untuk dikritik, namun terancam oleh UU ITE. Dan membahas bentuk jaminan hukum agar masyarakat dalam mengkritik pemerintah dapat terlindung dari sanksi pidana. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif, dengan melakukan survei melalui kuesioner, dan metode yuridis normatif yaitu menganalisis permasalahan berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan dan literatur hukum. Adanya UU ITE membuat masyarakat khawatir dalam memberi kritik dan masukan kepada pemerintah karena kurangnya jaminan atas kebebasan berpendapat dalam memberikan kritikan kepada pemerintah melalui media sosial.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI KORBAN YANG DIRUGIKAN AKIBAT PENYEBARAN BERITA BOHONG
Authors: Rusmala Ratnawati Erna Tri
Published: April 2021

Rumusan Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah wawancara  Anji dengan Hadi Pranoto terkait dengan vaksin COVID-19 yang viral memenuhi unsur tindak pidana penyebaran hoax (berita bohong) ? Bagaimana perlindungan hukum bagi korban yang telah dirugikan akibat  penyebaran berita bohong (hoax)? Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang (statute approach), dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach) dengan metode analisis diskriptif kualitatif. Hasil analisis terhadap rumusan masalah adalah berita viral wawancara Anji dengan Hadi Pranoto memenuhi unsur tindak pidana penyebaran hoax (berita bohong) yang dapat dijerat melalui Pasal 28 (1) UU Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 Tentang ITE, namun demikian UU ITE bukanlah satu-satunya dasar hukum yang dapat dipakai untuk menjerat orang yang menyebarkan hoax, karena Pasal 28 (1) UU ITE hanya mengatur penyebaran berita bohong dan menyesatkan yang mengakibatkan kerugian konsumen dalam transaksi elektronik saja, sehingga perlu di juntokan  UU Nomor 1 Tahun 1946. Perlindungan hukum bagi korban yang telah dirugikan akibat penyebaran informasi hoax, selain pertanggungjawaban pidana maka korban yang telah dirugikan akibat penyebaran informasi hoax tersebut dapat mengajukan perlindungan hukum melalui gugatan perdata melalui gugatam wanprestasi atau perbuatan melawan hukum berdasarkan KUH Perdata maupun berdasarkan Pasal 38 UU ITE.
REVOLUSI SISTEM PENCATATAN TANAH MELALUI PROGRAM PENDAFTARAN TANAH SISTEMATIS LENGKAP (PTSL) (STUDI LAPANGAN DI DESA BANTUL)
Authors: Rachmawati Sisca Anindya
Published: April 2021

Revolusi Pencatatan Tanah Melalui Program Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap (PTSL) merupakan langkah revolusi yang dilaksanakan dalam memberikan Jaminan kepastian akan kepemilikan tanah hal ini dilaksanakan Dalam rangka mengurangi konflik sengketa tanah dan memberi kepastian hukum untuk para pemilik tanah, pemerintah mengeluarkan program untuk mempermudah masyarakat dalam pengurusan sertifikat hak atas tanah ini merupakan hal yang sangat di butuhkan masyarakat adapun berbagai pertimbangan yang dilaksanakan mulai dari mengatasi permasalahan tanah yang hingga hari ini terus terjadi selain itu juga  merupakan Jaminan yang diatur sebagai bahagian daripada Konsep negara hukum modern yang meletakan kewenangan pemerintah tidak hanya sekedar menjaga ketertiban atau keamanan melainkan memberikan jaminan kesejahteraan. Implementasi program PTSL di Desa Bantul tahun 2019 telah sesuai dengan asas-asas pendaftaran atas tanah, yaitu sederhana, aman, terjangkau, mutakhir, dan terbuka walaupun dalam beberapa asas tidak sepenuhnya dalam praktiknya dapat mewujudkan asas tersebut. Dalam pelaksanaan program PTSL di Desa Bantul tahun 2019 ditemui ada pada sisi masyarakat yang menilai bahwa waktu yang disediakan untuk mengumpulkan berkas-berkas persyaratan terlalu singkat. Selain itu ada beberapa warga yang kurang mampu memahami prosedur dan persyaratan yang dibutuhkan dalam mengikuti program PTSL di Desa Bantul tahun 2019.
Bugs (Heteroptera) of treeless areas of Chukotka (Russia)
Authors: Vinokurov Nikolay N. , Khruleva Olga A.
Published: April 2021

The article summarizes the data on bugs in the treeless areas of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (tundra zone and the elfin wood subzone). Taking into account the available literary sources, as well as new materials (obtained in 2010s), 62 species of Heteroptera from 41 genera and 12 families are known here; 18 species recorded for these landscapes for the first time and 11 — for the Chukotka AO as a whole. There are: Saldula fucicola (J. Sahlberg, 1970) (Saldidae), Acompocoris brevirostris Kerzhner, 1979 (Anthocoridae); Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür, 1843), Leptopterna ferrugata (Linnaeus, 1758), Teratocoris saundersi Douglas et Scott, 1869, Plagiognathus obscuriceps (Stål, 1858), Plagiognathus pini Vinokurov, 1978, Psallus anticus (Reuter, 1876) (Miridae); Kleidocerys resedae (Panzer, 1797) (Lygaeidae); Aelia frigida Kiritshenko, 1926, Rhacognathus punctatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pentatomidae). The number of known Heteroptera species for the tundra region of Chukotka increased from 39 to 51; for the elfin wood subzone — from 10 to 32 species. Some distribution features of bug species within zonal and climatic gradients of Chukotka are revealed.
Examining Safety Culture among University Employees in the Klang Valley
Authors: Abd Rahman Nur Hairani , Razizi Nurdaliela , Mohd Kamil Nurul Liyana
Published: April 2021

Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) Malaysia reported that accident and fatality rate are anticipating to rise constantly over next few years. Physical, psychological and social hazards are the factors that cause occupational accidents and illness, subsequently jeopardised workers’ health and safety. There are extensive occupational health and safety studies conducted in various sectors, but it is less focused on the public sector, particularly public university. Therefore, this paper intends to examine the factors impact safety culture, which involve attitude and practice among public sector’s workers particularly in public university. The study employed quantitative approach specifically mail questionnaire were utilised as the main instrument to collect the information. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 25. In anticipation to investigate association between physical, psychological and social hazards with safety culture, Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient was deployed. Besides that, to scrutinise relationship among variables, ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed. The study finds that only psychological hazards has significant correlation with attitude (?=.272). Further examination on the relationship between variables, the study discovers that only psychological factors have significant influence on practice (p=.002, OD=7.264). This study has exposed empirical relationship between physical hazards, psychological hazards and social hazards factors with safety culture. The university management must diligently address these factors as the exposure to these hazards can cause occupational diseases and work accidents.
Factors Influenced the Students’ Intention to Study STEM Stream in Upper Secondary School
Authors: Abdul Malik Mohd Azry , Nazri Adibah , Ridzwan Dalili , Azamin Azmira , Mustapha Muhammad Firdaus , MD Noor Mohd Rahimie
Published: April 2021

STEM is an important stream in Malaysia education to become a developed country. However, students show less interest in this stream as there is a declining trend of students taking STEM subjects. The objective of the study is to investigate the factors that influence students’ intention to study science stream in upper secondary school. The study framework has three independent variables named attitude towards science, normative social influences, and self-efficacy and the dependent is students’ intention to study science stream. By using cluster-sampling, a total of 339 data were collected through the questionnaire survey method from two schools out of 16 schools in the rural area of Kota Bharu, Kelantan. The data was analysed using Correlation Analysis, Multiple Linear Regression, Independent T-test, and One-Way ANOVA test. The main finding of the study shows that attitude towards science, normative social influences, and self-efficacy had a significant relationship with students’ intention to study science stream in upper secondary. This study offers an insight to parents, teachers, and policymakers in improving policy and encouraging students to pursue their study in the STEM stream to achieve the government goal that earlier set the ratio of science to art students at 60:40.
Origen y consecuencias del Brexit
Authors: Sierralta Ríos Aníbal
Published: April 2021

El trabajo intenta explicar cómo el peso de la tradición británica en el ámbito del comercio internacional ha llevado al Reino Unido a un dramático divorcio de la Unión Europea con efectos colaterales en América Latina.
migraciones: evolución, evaluación y coyuntura
Authors: Nuñez Melgar Marco
Published: April 2021

He querido abordar el tema de las migraciones desde su trascendencia en la evolución histórica de la humanidad, como también su evaluación en el marco interestatal y multilateral y finalmente un rápido diagnóstico de la coyuntura en esta cambiante actualidad. Dentro de este análisis, el autor mantiene esencialmente tres ejes transversales en un enfoque Sociológico y del Derecho Internacional como son los Derechos Humanos, la Interculturalidad y la Migración y el Desarrollo.
responsabilidad de proteger: una visión actualizada de la eficacia de su contenido reconocido y su ampliación doctrinal
Authors: Cabrejo Ormachea Napoleón
Published: April 2021

Actualmente la evolución y el reconocimiento de la protección de los derechos fundamentales ha incrementado a una universalidad de entendimiento social, es así, que la responsabilidad de proteger (RdP) una categoría del derecho internacional relativamente nueva (2005) ha tenido un gran desarrollo a razón de los distintos cuestionamientos a su “contenido” ya sea el reconocido formalmente por la Organización de Naciones Unidas (ONU) o el “contenido” desarrollado por la doctrina como complemento al reconocido, estos cuestionamientos se basan principalmente en el cambio del entendimiento de la soberanía y el principio de no intervención, el conflicto de preferencia entre el orden y justicia en la RdP y la polémica de si el Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU hace efectiva la intervención necesaria del uso de la fuerza a través de algunos casos vistos hasta ahora.
Substances of abuse consumption among patients seeking medical help for uro-andrological purposes
Authors: Belladelli Federico , Boeri Luca , Capogrosso Paolo , Cazzaniga Walter , Ventimiglia Eugenio , Candela Luigi , Pozzi Edoardo , Baudo Andrea , Alfano Massimo , Abbate Costantino , Montorsi Francesco , Salonia Andrea
Published: April 2021

Substances of abuse (SoA), as well as smoking and alcohol consumption, are well known for their impact on male fertility status, erectile function, and ejaculation. We assessed SoA consumption habits in a cohort of men seeking medical attention for uro-andrological purposes. Data from 7447 men seeking medical attention for the first time for uro-andrological purposes were analyzed. A complete medical and sexual history was collected for each patient. Smoking, alcohol, and SoA consumption were investigated. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the whole cohort. The primary motivations for their evaluation were lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), erectile dysfunction (ED), and infertility in 1912 (25.7%), 2944 (39.5%), and 2591 (34.8%) men, respectively. Previous use of SoA was reported by 378 (5.1%) men, and 190 (2.6%) individuals were current users. Patients seeking medical attention for infertility were more frequently current SoA users (107; 4.1%) than men with ED (66; 2.2%) and LUTS (17; 0.9%) (both P < 0.001). Current users of SoA were younger than those with past or no SoA history (P < 0.001). Current SoA users were more frequently smokers (P < 0.001) and alcohol consumers (P < 0.001) than those with a previous history or those who had never tried SoA. In conclusion, approximately 3% of men seeking medical attention for uro-andrological purposes were current SoA consumers. Infertile men reported a higher use of SoA than those with ED or LUTS. Current SoA users were younger and more frequently concomitant smokers and alcohol consumers compared to those who did or had never used SoA.
Random sperm DNA fragmentation index is not associated with clinical outcomes in day-3 frozen embryo transfer
Authors: Wang Qing-Xin , Wang Xia , Yu Min-Yan , Sun Hua , Wang Di , Zhong Shu-Ping , Guo Feng
Published: April 2021

Damage to sperm DNA was proposed to play an important role in embryonic development. Previous studies focused on outcomes after fresh embryo transfer, whereas this study investigated the influence of sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) on laboratory and clinical outcomes after frozen embryo transfer (FET). This retrospective study examined 381 couples using cleavage-stage FET. Sperm used for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) underwent density gradient centrifugation and swim up processing. Sperm DFI had a negative correlation with sperm motility (r = −0.640, P < 0.01), sperm concentration (r = −0.289, P < 0.01), and fertilization rate of IVF cycles (r = −0.247, P < 0.01). Sperm DFI examined before and after density gradient centrifugation/swim up processing was markedly decreased after processing (17.1% vs 2.4%, P < 0.01; 65 randomly picked couples). Sperm progressive motility was significantly reduced in high DFI group compared with low DFI group for both IVF and ICSI (IVF: 46.9% ± 12.4% vs 38.5% ± 12.6%, respectively; ICSI: 37.6% ± 14.1% vs 22.3% ± 17.8%, respectively; both P < 0.01). The fertilization rate was significantly lower in high (≥25%) DFI group compared with low (<25%) DFI group using IVF (73.3% ± 23.9% vs 53.2% ± 33.6%, respectively; P < 0.01) but was equivalent in high and low DFI groups using ICSI. Embryonic development and clinical outcomes after FET were equivalent for low and high DFI groups using ICSI or IVF. In this study, sperm DFI did not provide sufficient information regarding embryo development or clinical outcomes for infertile couples using FET.
Цикловая структура случайных подстановок на множестве двухцветных элементов. II
Authors: Viktorenkov V E
Published: April 2021

Продолжены исследования случайных равновероятных подстановок, элементы которых раскрашены в два цвета. Здесь рассмотрены некоторые характеристики циклов, содержащих элементы обоих цветов.
Новые представления знаков скрученных ЛРП при помощи функции след, базирующиеся на некоммутативной теореме Гамильтона - Кэли
Authors: Goltvanitsa M A
Published: April 2021

Пусть $p$ - простое число, $R=\mathrm{GR}(q^d,p^d)$ - кольцо Галуа мощности $q^d$ и характеристики $p^d$, где $q = p^r$, $S=\mathrm{GR}(q^{nd},p^d)$ - расширение степени $n$ кольца $R$, а $\mathrm{End}(_RS)$ - кольцо эндоморфизмов модуля $_RS$. Последовательность $v$ над $S$, удовлетворяющая закону рекурсии $$ \forall i\in\mathbb{N}_0\colon v(i+m)= \psi_{m-1}(v(i+m-1))+\ldots+\psi_0(v(i)), $$ $\psi_0,\ldots,\psi_{m-1 }\in \mathrm{End}(_RS)$, называется скрученной линейной рекуррентной последовательностью (ЛРП) над $S$; ее максимально возможный период равен $(q^{mn}-1)p^{d-1}$. С использованием функции след для представлений элементов скрученной ЛРП максимального периода доказано, что такая ЛРП линеаризуема, если коэффициенты в законе рекурсии попарно коммутируют.
Вероятностные свойства статистических связей между входом и выходом марковского итеративного шифра с раундовыми отображениями на абелевых группах
Authors: Drelikhov V O
Published: April 2021

Исследуются статистические связи между входом и выходом в модели итеративного шифра, в которой раундовые ключи - независимые случайные величины, раундовые преобразования действуют на абелевых группах и зависят от раундового ключа и номера раунда. Если вход и выход шифра равновероятны, то статистические связи имеют смысл коэффициентов корреляции между значениями характеров. Показано, что для такой модели шифра матрица вторых моментов рассматриваемых характеристик равна произведению матриц, соответствующих раундовым отображениям. Получены верхние и нижние оценки математических ожиданий абсолютных значений исследуемых характеристик.
Булевы биюнктивные функции, графы 2-КНФ и их порядковые функции. Оценки веса биюнктивной функции с заданным числом слоев
Authors: Tarasov Alexey Vyacheslavovich
Published: April 2021

В работе рассматриваются графы 2-КНФ биюнктивных функций и их порядковые функции. Вводится понятие глубины биюнктивной функции. Получены оценки веса биюнктивной функции заданной глубины.
A natural approach to the experimental study of dependence between statistical tests
Authors: Zubkov Andrei Mikhailovich , Serov Aleksandr Aleksandrovich
Published: April 2021

Для проверки гипотезы о независимости критериев в пакете NIST для 10000 отрезков двоичных последовательностей вычислялось число $\nu$ критериев, отклонявших гипотезу о том, что это отрезок равновероятной последовательности Бернулли. Для независимых критериев с одной и той же вероятностью ошибки число $\nu$ должно иметь биномиальное распределение. Оказалось, что совокупности из 14 и из 162 критериев пакета NIST не удовлетворяют этому условию, но 11 критериев из 14 удовлетворяют. Показано также, что некоторые последовательности, состоящие из чередующихся отрезков двух линейных рекуррент, не отклоняются критериями пакета NIST.
IMPACT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE FAILURE ON PUBLIC TRUST: AN EVIDENCE FROM INDIA
Authors: Kukreja Gagan
Published: April 2021

This research study explores the maligned role of Chanda Kochhar, the top-notch executive of ICICI Bank, a leading multinational and financial service provider. An alleged corruption case was filed against her under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act. The case was filed against her after a whistleblower alleged that the bank had given INR 32.50 billion to Videocon group in 2012, the majority of which was declared as Non- Performing Assets later by the bank. This research study focuses on misused the position for personal gains. It touches upon the board of directors of an organisation's fiduciary role and tries to outline whistleblowers’ importance in corporate governance. The study unravels the conflicts of interest, alleged corruption, lack of disclosures of related party transactions required by corporate governance principles, and quid-pro-quo. The study will deliberate the impact of such alleged corruption on the various stakeholders, especially shareholders. The study is exploratory and qualitative and based on publicly available information. Other corroborative evidence verifies the reliability of the information. This study will offer suggestions to improve the corporate governance principles to the regulators.

JEL Classification Codes: D73, D74, G21, G34.
EFFECT OF SELECTED ECONOMIC SECTORS ON POVERTY
Authors: Pusra Cut Miranda , Srinita Srinita , Seftarita Chenny
Published: April 2021

This study analyzes the influence of certain economic sectors on poverty levels in districts/cities in Aceh Province. The determination of the economic sector is based on the 4 largest contributions to the economy in Aceh. The economic sector in question is the agriculture, trade, construction, and processing industry sectors. So that the purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of selected economic sectors, namely the agricultural sector, the trade sector, the construction sector, and the manufacturing sector on poverty levels in Aceh. This study uses panel data from 23 districts/cities in Aceh Province for the period 2010-2019 and the data used is the percentage of poverty and data on the distribution of the percentage of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) by business field. The results obtained from this study are that all independent variables, namely the agricultural sector, the trade sector, the construction sector, and the manufacturing sector have a significant negative effect on the poverty level. This can be seen from the F test probability of 0.00. partially the agricultural sector reduced the poverty rate by 0.71 percent. trade sector 0.48 percent. the construction sector reduces poverty by 0.51 percent and the manufacturing sector reduces poverty by 0.67 percent. Therefore, it is hoped that the government can work together with other policymakers to improve the manufacturing sector both in agriculture and other fields to increase the productivity of society to alleviate poverty.
Relationship between Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness and Motivation Opportunity Ability Theory in Online Gamers Know-How Exchange
Authors: Foster Bob , Reyta Fitriani , Purnama Susan
Published: April 2021

Business needs to take advantage of Indonesian online gamers who are using online community to communicate and interact, when gamers share their reviews of game, for example, or when they post reviews of their purchases of virtual goods from online games. Using online community, gamers can do the trading with other members. The key is to share their experience with online games throughout the gamer’s journey.Players play an important role in the game market and have unique characteristics that respond differently to technology acceptance. In addition, a comprehensive review of the relevant literature on motivation for using Online Gamers Know-How Exchange shows that players are looking for recommendations from friends about the games they are interested in, through the social networking community and especially from their own communities.This paper analyzed the phenomenon of game-related industry involving motivation, opportunity, abilty and technology acceptance model in which organizations effectively raise the communication and know how above the gamers.Gamers from online community game taken as sample in Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia.Result shown that the two PEOU and PU were positively related to Online Gamers Know-How Exchange.
ARALIKLI AÇLIK DİYETLERİNİN GLUKOZ HOMEOSTAZI VE LİPİT METABOLİZMASI ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ
Authors: KALAYCI Zeynep , KAMARLI ALTUN Hülya
Published: April 2021

Dünya çapında obezite oranının artması ve sedanter yaşam tarzının yaygınlaşmasıyla Tip 2 diyabet prevalansı her geçen gün artış göstermektedir. Diyet müdahaleleri, diyabetle ilgili komplikasyonların önlenmesi ve tedavisinde en temel tedavi yaklaşımlarından birisidir. Aralıklı açlık, günümüzde hem vücut ağırlığının kontrolünde, hem de kronik hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılan diyet müdahalelerinden birisidir. Aralıklı açlık, bireysel yeme dönemi alternatiflerini içeren ve uzun süreli açlık aşaması olarak tanımlanan bir yeme modelidir. En yaygın kullanılan aralıklı açlık (intermittent fasting (IF)) modellerine; zaman kısıtlı beslenme, erken zaman kısıtlamalı beslenme, B2 diyeti, 5:2 diyeti, alternatif gün açlığı, aralıklı açlık ve kalori kısıtlamasının kombinasyonu, aralıklı çok düşük kalorili diyet uygulamaları örnek olarak verilebilmektedir. Çeşitli IF diyetleri son yıllarda, obez bireylerde kilo kaybının sağlamada popülerlik kazanmıştır. Prediyabet ve tip 2 diyabet tanısı olan bireylerde aralıklı açlık diyetlerinin etkilerinin ve kullanılabilirliğinin değerlendirildiği çalışmalar yetersizdir. Bu derlemede, çeşitli aralıklı açlık diyet programlarının, sağlıklı diyabetik veya diyabetik olmayan bireylerde, diyabetle ilişkili biyokimyasal belirteçler, testler ve kan lipitleri üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir
Ссора королев. Изображения Кримгильды и Брунгильды в искусстве и литературе
Authors: Grimm Gunter E.
Published: April 2021

Главные героини германского героического эпоса «Песнь о нибелунгах» — это бургундская принцесса Кримгильда, ставшая женой главного героя Зигфрида, и исландская дева-богатырша Брунгильда, чью руку Зигфрид добывает в жестоком бою, чтобы отдать ее бургундскому королю Гунтеру в обмен на руку Кримгильды. Ревность, спор о социальном статусе, личная неприязнь между обеими героинями выливаются в жестокую ссору у ворот Вормского собора. В этой ключевой сцене одна героиня обвиняет другую в якобы имевшей место добрачной потере девственности и предъявляет сопернице пояс в качестве доказательства. Острый, напряженный конфликт характеров и воль, обрисованный в этой сцене, с давних пор интересовал деятелей искусства. Сцена «ссора королев» послужила сюжетом многочисленных художественных произведений. В настоящей статье рассматриваются особенности визуализации героинь, их тел, одежды, внешнего облика в произведениях литературы, изящного искусства и кинематографа. Статья насыщена иллюстрациями и образными примерами.
Визуальная конструкция смыслов – новые правила игры в погибель. Об иллюстрациях к «Песни о нибелунгах»
Authors: Karnatz Sebastian
Published: April 2021

Автор анализирует визуализацию героев немецкого героического эпоса «Песнь о нибелунгах». То, как иллюстраторы изображают тела персонажей, какие позы им придаются, на фоне какого ландшафта происходит действие, сколько действующих лиц на картине и что именно они делают – все это может стать активным семантическим фактором. Намеренное вторжение в сюжет некоторыми художниками не только создает новый контекст для восприятия, но и придает тексту иное или дополнительное значение. Иногда семантика иллюстраций находится в явном противоречии с событиями сюжета – автор показывает, как и почему это происходит, какие смыслы зашифрованы в иллюстрациях к поэме, как изображения влияют на восприятие текста реципиентами.
“Playboy” как мягкая сила: влияние контента журнала на вестернизацию культуры развивающихся стран
Authors: Yakushenkov Serguey N.
Published: April 2021

Журнал Playboy с самого момента его основания явился одним из ярчайших примеров культурных изменений, происходивших в США во второй половине ХХ в.. Анализируя важность журнала, автор показывает, как, казалось бы, банальная идея журнала с фотографиями обнаженных красавиц превратилась в весьма успешный коммерческий и культурный проект, оказавший огромное влияние на американское общество, да и на многие страны мира. По сути, Playboy превратился в «мягкую силу» способную генерировать новые ценности и транслировать их не только в американское общество, но и в культурный ландшафт других стран. В качестве иллюстрации этого влияния были взяты международные франшизы журнала Playboy, выходящие в других странах. Для наглядности были выбраны две версии журнала: в Бразилии и на Филиппинах. Анализ контента этих франшизных версий показывает, что в них удивительным образом сочетались традиции, заложенные основателем «Плейбоя» Хью Хефнером, и национальные стереотипы. Вместе с тем, в этом симбиозе во многом превалировали именно американские паттерны. Особенно заметно это отразилось на выборе расового типа моделей, их цвета кожи и т.д.. Кроме этого, журнал привносил в эти страны и новые системы гендерных отношений. Все это стало возможным благодаря тому, что редакция журнала создала уникальный продукт, ставший одним из неотъемлемых символов ХХ в.
Обзор монографии Десмонда Морриса «Позы. Язык тела в искусстве»
Authors: Sarakaeva Elina A.
Published: April 2021

В статье приводится обзор последней книги выдающегося британского художника, искусствоведа и ученого Десмонда Морриса «Позы. Язык тела в искусстве». Лондон: Издательство Thames & Hudson. Объем: 320 с. Иллюстрации: 300. Дата публикации: 24 октября 2019 г. ISBN: 9780500023556. Твердая обложка.
TRUCE MISSIONS, NON-VIOLENT CAMPAIGNS AND PEACEFUL RESOLUTIONS OF CONFLICTS: LESSONS FROM THE ACTIVITIES OF PEACE DIRECT CHARITY ORGANISATION IN NORTHERN NIGERIA
Authors: Abiodun Temitope , Akinlade Marcus , Yusuf Olanrewaju
Published: April 2021

Among the major threats halting the wheel of developments in northern Nigeria is the rising spate of insecurity and conflicts that have now assumed various formidable dimensions in all ramifications. The waves of violence and armed conflicts have continued to take toll on the region over the last three decades, claimed over twenty-eight thousand (28,000) lives and got three million (3 million) people displaced. Despite the disheartening statistics, Peace Direct (PD), a charitable organization known for its non-violent and peace building initiatives, and having supported the civil societies in conflict zones for over a decade across the globe, has now come out optimistic that a non-violent and peaceful northern Nigeria is possible. The study examines the various instances and factors giving birth to insecurity and violence in northern Nigeria; and also the activities of Peace Direct Charity Commission (PDCC) towards ensuring truce brokerage missions, non-violent campaigns and peaceful resolutions of conflicts in the region. The study adopts a democratic peace theory to explain the need for war’s absence in peaceful settings as the paper relies on both primary and secondary sources of data with significant reliability index. The study, however, reveals the various factors aiding insecurity and violence in the region to be; a disconnect between the people and government, abject poverty, increased rate of unemployment, weak and poorly funded military establishments, interagency rivalry, low-level of intelligence gathering on the part of security agencies in Nigeria, among others. Therefore, making the region to be non-violent and peaceful; the Nigerian security agencies, social system, public institutions truce brokerage missions, and peace building efforts or initiatives must be adequately strengthened.
MEDICAL ETHICAL DILEMMA AND EMPLOYEE LOYALTY IN THE PRIVATE HOSPITALS IN BORI-OGONI, RIVERS STATE
Authors: Nwizia Tordumbari , Nwizia Baribefii
Published: April 2021

This study investigates the relationship between medical ethical dilemma and employee loyalty in the private hospitals in Bori-Ogoni, Rivers State.The study used deontological theory of ethics and Alderfer ERG theory of employee loyalty. The quasi-experimental design was used. The population of this study consists of 210 workers in private hospitals in Bori-Ogoni. The sample size of 140 was determined using Taro Yame sample size determination method. The primary data and secondary sources of data collection were used. The formulated hypotheses were tested using the Spearman Rank Oder Correlation coefficient analysis. The study revealed that is a significant relationship between medical ethical dilemma and medical decisions and employee loyalty in private hospitals in Bori- Ogoni. Therefore, we concluded that there is a strong significant relationship between medical ethical dilemma and medical decisions and employee loyalty in private hospitals in Bori- Ogoni. We also recommended that private hospitals management should strictly monitor workers medical decision making to ensure that it is in accordance with medical ethics and should also guide employees in dilemma situations in order to retain a loyal medical officer and also achieve generic goals of the organization.
WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA: AN X-RAY OF THE PLACE OF WOMEN IN AN EMERGING INDUSTRY
Authors: Akande Olumuyiwa , Abiodun Temitope , Opeyemi Kemi
Published: April 2021

The tourism experience was perceived traditionally, in terms of products, destinations and consumption patterns. Women have contributed greatly to tourism development, promoting transport development and encouraging hotel progress, which help in reducing or eliminating poverty. This study sheds light on the extent of women participation in tourism development. The specific objective of the study is to examine the factors affecting women participation in tourism development and how tourism industry benefits women. This study collected qualitative and quantitative data from respondents; primary and secondary sources. Data were collected using two methods: oral interview and administration of structured questionnaires, which were randomly administered at the various study sites. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistic, simple percentages, bar-chart, pie-chart and chi-square respectively. Results obtained revealed that 90.8% of the factors affecting women participation in tourism development include: lack of financial capital, poverty, illiteracy, traditional perception, religious factor, child bearing and career development issues. The findings also indicated that 88% of the respondents are of the opinion that policies such as tourism education, trainings, internet marketing, and formation of business network for self-support and municipality support can be employed to improve women participation in tourism development. The study therefore recommended that there should be training programmes, workshops and seminars financed by Oyo State Government to improve the business skills of women in tourism, hotel and transportation industry, among others.
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON DESIGNING & IMPLEMENTING OF GRIDDED MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR URBAN & RURAL PUBLIC SERVICE
Authors:   Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan., Hanif Muhammad Imran
Published: April 2021

Purpose: This paper constructs a Gridded Management Model drawing upon the theory of Gridded Management, for Public Service Provision in Urban and Rural Areas on the basis of an analysis of the plight of the Traditional Model of Public Service Provision. Methodology: Under the guidance of policies, we can build a Resource Integration Platform using modern information technology and leverage the powerful functions of the platform enabled by Complex Computing Methods and Matching Mechanisms to mobilize all resources to provide effective and refined Public Service to the Public with quick response to the accountability Finding: With the help of this Mechanism, we can improve Public Service without increasing the overall supply of Public Service Provision. Through the study of Gridded Management Mechanism of Public Service Provision, we can improve the status quo of the research on the supply of Public Service in China which offers real help to the development of Public Service. Practical Implication: There is an urgent need to Redesign the Model of Urban & Rural Public Service Provision and exploit unused Resources in the Current Service Provision System, with the aim of promoting equalization of Public Service in both Urban and Rural areas. It delivers the same standard of Public Service for both Urban and Rural Areas through optimization of Resource Allocation without requiring more supply and fundamental change to the content of service.
GOVERNANCE ISSUES IN PAKISTAN AND THEIR IMPACT ON INCOME INEQUALITY
Authors:   Iqra University, Karachi., Iqbal Athar
Published: April 2021

Purpose- The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relation between governance of a country and its impact on income inequality. The World Bank, Economic Freedom Network, Fraser Institute and World Economic Forum have been defining and measuring the governance indicators. Methodology/Sample – This study takes six governance indicators score from -WWGI for the year 2000 and 156 counties data to calculate correlation between wealth Gini and governance indicators. The statistical analysis is comprised of OLS estimation and Correlation analysis. Findings - We found significant negative relation between governance indicators and wealth inequality, income inequality. Bad governance has deep impacts on the economy of Pakistan. Excessive debt, high fiscal deficit, high inflation, low tax to GDP ratio, high trade deficit, lack of adequate capital formation and severe energy crisis are some economic challenges faces by Pakistan from decades. Practical Implications – This study suggests that improvement in governance is not a single day task, it cannot be achieved at once, and it is not related to any department or institution. It’s a process that will establish equality, effective management of economic resources.