bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Müzik Öğretimi Özyeterlik Düzeyinde Cinsiyet Farklılıkları: Bir Meta Analiz Çalışması
Authors: Ertekin Kaya Merve Nihan
Published: October 2024

Müzik öğretim özyeterlik düzeyinin cinsiyetler açısından farklılık gösterip göstermediğini tespit etme amacını taşıyan bu araştırmada meta analiz çalışması yapılmıştır. Yapılan literatür taraması ile konu ile ilgili 28 çalışmaya ulaşılmış bu çalışmalardan 9’u belirli ölçütlere uymadığı gerekçesiyle araştırma kapsamına alınmamıştır. Dahil edilme ölçütleri çerçevesinde 2011-2023 yılları arasında yayımlanmış 11 makale, 6 yüksek lisans tezi ve 2 bildiri olmak üzere 19 çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu 2987 kadın, 1644 erkek olmak üzere toplam 4631 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Çalışma grubu müzik öğretmenleri ve adaylarının yanı sıra sınıf, okulöncesi ve özel eğitimi öğretmenleri ile öğretmen adaylarını kapsamaktadır. Araştırmada etki büyüklüğü katsayısı olarak Cohen d kullanılmıştır. Dâhil edilen çalışmalarda heterojen bir dağılım belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, rastgele etkiler modeline göre müzik öğretimi özyeterlik düzeyi kadınlarda erkeklere göre daha yüksek çıksa da elde edilen değer istatistiksel olarak anlamsız düzeydedir. Yapılan moderatör analizi ile müzik öğretimi özyeterlik düzeyinin cinsiyet açısından örneklem grubuna (müzik branşı/diğer branşlar) göre incelenmiştir. Analiz sonucu müzik branşı ve diğer branşlarda cinsiyete göre etki büyüklüğü değerinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık göstermediği görülmüştür.
The Intention To Blow The Whistle : Testing The Correlation Between Ethical Leadership And Retaliation In The Organization
Authors: Fatchan Ilham Nuryana , Alfalisyado Alfalisyado , Randikaparsa Irawan , Fatchan Fuad Hudaya
Published: October 2024

This research helps explain the factors that influence a person's intention to do whistleblowing. This study examines the effect of retaliation (the treatment of revenge) and ethical leadership on the whistleblowing decisions of postgraduate students with masters of accounting at universities in Central Java. The novelty of our study is First, we fill in gaps in previous studies using students as the population; most studies use employees (such as auditors) as the main population.This study is considered to be the first micro-level analytical research in the area. Second, answering whether the ethical principles possessed by superiors influence employees to do whistleblowing. Questionnaires were administered privately, and respondents were convinced of retaliation, value orientation and whistleblowing intentions for data confidentiality and the anonymity of the respondent's identity. Testing the data in the study used the Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis tool.The primary research data used in the research were obtained through questionnaires. The results of the study show that: (1) Ethical Leadership has a positive and significant effect on the intention to do whistleblowing; (2) Retaliation or the threat of retaliation has a negative and significant effect on a person's intention to carry out a whistleblowing.
Causes of Audit Report Lag with Reputation of Audit Firm as a Moderating Variable
Authors: Widiastuti Afifah Nur , Rofiqoh Ifah
Published: October 2024

Audit report lag is an important problem because it can cause delays in submitting financial reports by companies to the OJK. This study examines the effect of audit opinion, profitability, and company size on audit report lag with Reputation of audit firm as a moderating variable in non-primary consumer goods companies listed on the IDX. The sample used in this study were 78 non-primary consumer goods companies listed on the IDX 2018-2022. The data analysis method used in this research is panel data regression analysis and moderation regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that audit opinion and profitability have a negative effect on audit report lag, while company size has no significant effect on audit report lag. Reputation of audit firm is able to strengthen the effect of profitability on audit report lag and weaken the effect of company size on audit report lag and but is unable to moderate the effect of audit opinion on audit report lag.
The Effect Of Gender Diversity and Financial Performance On Stock Returns With Sustainability As An Intervening Variable
Authors: Maulana Yasir , Masruroh Rina , Komarudin Munir Nur
Published: October 2024

Sustainability and return on stock represent crucial factors in a company's development. Board gender diversity and financial performance can influence a company's Sustainability and return on stock. This study employs a quantitative research method analyzing data from 17 companies, utilizing financial reports from 2018 to 2021. The research findings indicate no significant influence of board gender diversity and financial performance on stock return through a company's Sustainability. These findings underscore the complexity of the dynamics between these factors, emphasizing the need for an integrated approach in corporate management to achieve an optimal balance between Sustainability, return on stock, and inclusive business practices.
Проблематика формування безпекоорієнтованого управління в організаціях
Authors: Галгаш М.Р.
Published: October 2024

Визначено, що в час військових конфліктів, економічних криз, природними катаклізмами, невизначених ризиків тощо проблематика пов’язана із безпекою організацій є найбільш актуальною. Показана актуальність дослідження предметної області з формування безпекоорієнтованого управління в організаціях. Обґрунтовано, що безпекоорієнтовані організації в нестабільних умовах є гарантами функціонування загальної національної економіки, а також гарантами економічної стабільності та фінансової стабільності. Визначено основні засади та проблематику формування безпекоорієнтованого управління в організаціях. Приведені різні моделі управління, виходячи з корпоративної культури як і окремих країн, так і певних підприємств. Визначено зв'язок між моделлю управління та формою власності підприємства.
Визначено напрями впровадження системи безпекоорієнтованого управління в організаціях та сферу виникнення конфліктів усередині організації, з точки зору різних підходів до системи управління. Ідентифіковано чинники, які впливають на безпекоорієнтованість управління, зокрема, різні підходи до інновацій в діяльності виконавців та підрозділів, різні погляди на критерій збільшення вартості підприємства, різний характер організаційної культури. Сформульовано робочі дослідницькі гіпотези щодо впливу ключових чинників на безпекоорієнтованість підприємства.
Обґрунтовано доцільність аналізу безпекоорієнтованості управління на основі концептуальних положень класичної, неокласичної, інституційної та неоінституційної економічних шкіл та відповідних теоретичних концептів. Показано, що всередині організацій можуть виникати протиріччя і конфлікти між менеджментом організації, які обумовлені різною природою відносин до середовища функціонування організації та раціонального співвідношення безпекової та ринкової складових розвитку підприємства. Запропоновано структурування суб’єктів управління організації та виділено їх три типи: з домінуванням орієнтації на зовнішнє середовище (СУДОЗС); з домінуванням орієнтації на внутрішнє середовище (СУДОВС); без домінуючої орієнтації (СУБДО).
Cоціально-психологічні особливості проявів когнітивного стилю у структурі цілісності особистості
Authors: Гейко Євгенія , Завацька Наталія , Смирнова Олена , Френкель Стелла , Каламайко Дмитро
Published: October 2024

Теоретичний аналіз та емпіричне вирішення проблеми взаємодії когнітивно-стильових особливостей й полісистемної цілісності особистості висвітлюються в статті. Акцентується увага на специфіці вивчення когнітивного стилю в історії зарубіжної та вітчизняної психологічної науки. Розглядаються найважливіші аспекти вивчення питання когнітивно-стильових характеристик та їх поєднання у структурі особистості. Нами робиться акцент власне на поєднанні когнітивно-стильових особливостей та полісистемної цілісності особистості. Встановлено статистично-значущий зв’язок між такими змінними: «полісистемна цілісність особистості» та «психологічні характеристики» й «когнітивний стиль» зазначається, що існує взаємозв'язок між когнітивно-особистісними властивостями та полістемною цілісністю особистості.Когнітивний стиль слід розглядати в рамках когнітивної системи, що створює основу для індивідуальності, визначає, як поєднуються когнітивні здібності та емоційні якості людини, як опрацьовується інформація та проявляється в її поведінці.Полісистемна цілісність особистості передбачає правильний взаємозв'язок, внутрішні кореляції та відповідності, а також ієрархію компонентів і елементів системи. Цілісність пов'язана з наявністю ієрархічної структури. Загальною ознакою цілісності є наявність ієрархічної структури. Коженелементцілісностімає свою власну структуру. Організаціяповноти – цеузгодженість структурного утвореннякожноїчастини в загальнійструктурі.На полісистемнуцілісністьособистостівказуютьбазові та багатододатковихкомпонентів. Можнавідзначитизміщення акценту з егоцентризму на професійніінтереси, плануваннямайбутнього, прагнення до визнання і поваги. Цепобудовавнутрішніхстандартів, творчесамовираження, реалізаціясвоїхздібностей і вмінняжити «тут і зараз», тобтопереживатитеперішній момент життя у всіййогоповноті. Тому вважають, щоцейелементсправляєсамоорганізаційнийвплив на формування та розвитокцілісностіособистості.
ESTADO E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS: A SECA NO SEMIÁRIDO NORDESTINO
Authors: Nascimento Carlos Eduardo Pereira do , Santos Maria Daniele Cruz dos
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar os efeitos das políticas públicas voltadas à seca no Semiárido Nordestino. A metodologia utilizada neste trabalho é de natureza bibliográfica, fazendo uso de uma literatura que verse sobre os temas de políticas públicas, semiárido, desertificação e história das secas. A área de estudo é o Semiárido Nordestino. Quanto ao recorte temporal, trabalhar-se-á na análise historiográfica dos eventos da seca desde o século XVI, com foco especial para a mais recente ocorrida nos anos 2010, tendo como pano de fundo as políticas norteadas a este fenômeno. A ideia é analisar as políticas implementadas na região focadas na atuação contra a seca desde as primeiras incursões ligadas a este evento natural. Em síntese, observou-se uma miríade de políticas que atuaram com soluções tecnológicas descontextualizadas, sem preocupação com o desenvolvimento econômico local e regional, além da desprovida atenção aos saberes e práticas locais. Também observou-se um caráter reativo das políticas aqui destacadas, o que pode comprometer o desenvolvimento regional já que a literatura destaca a relevância das políticas proativas. Destarte, propõe-se um arquétipo que norteie o desenvolvimento sustentável da região, desmistificando as problemáticas e as tentativas frustradas de combate à seca e seus efeitos, levando em consideração outras variáveis além da realidade do Semiárido Nordestino.
An Overview of Present Status and Future Prospects of the Tourism Sector in Bangladesh
Authors: Md Lutfur Rahman  , S M Nawshad Hossain  , Sania Sifat Miti  , A K M Abul Kalam
Published: October 2024

Bangladesh is bestowed with beautiful coasts and beaches, archeological sites, historical and religious places, hills and islands, forests and jungles and attractive countryside with innumerable water bodies and green fields of agriculture. These rich natural and cultural attractions are valuable ingredients for tourism development in Bangladesh. Every year, a large number of tourists visit these attractive places, which has a significant contribution in the national economy. However, tourism industry in Bangladesh is faced with many problems, such as lack of good transportation and communication system, lack of well planned accommodation, food, entertainment and other services to satisfy diverse categories of tourists. The issue of safety and security of the tourists of both domestic and foreign origins is also very important for the development of tourism in Bangladesh. Though a policy has been adopted in the recent time for ensuring sustainable development of this sector, the strategies adopted under the policy are not yet being seriously taken up for implementation. Besides, the country requires a strong physical planning strategy to develop its urban and rural areas, and national transportation and communication system to establish connectivity to the tourism spots. There should be a strong marketing policy as well for the promotion of tourism in the country. Thus if necessary policies, strategies and actions are taken by the national government, tourism may become a potential economic sector.
Journal of Bangladesh Institute of Planners, Vol. 3, Dec 2010, pp. 65-75
Planned Development for Urban Growth Management: A Case Study on two Wards of Dhaka City
Authors: Sharbari Ahamed  , Hasan Md Mehedi
Published: October 2024

Dhaka city is growing fast, which requires a growth management strategy for its orderly development in future. Urban growth rate is high and its impacts are long lasting. Dhaka is going to acquire its place in top ten cities of the world in terms of its population size in the near future that should make the people of the country proud of their capital city. But this pride cannot be pleasant because of its present state and its unplanned growth. There are fears that in the future though Dhaka may become a megalopolis, it will be full of slums or shanty-towns, short of infrastructures matching its size and status. Moreover, there would also be a maze of unplanned urbanization with its spill-over effects on all sections of the city's population. Different parts of the city have to be brought under a well-planned system of growth with necessary reforms. The study began with the conceptualization of identifying the necessity of growth management for an orderly urban development in Dhaka. It tries to find out the causes and impacts of haphazard growth in the Wards of 43 and 46 in DCC area. It is expected that the recommendations made in this study in the form of guidelines will be useful to the relevant authorities and as well as for the developers for proper development of the study area and as well as for other similar areas of the city.
Journal of Bangladesh Institute of Planners, Vol. 3, Dec 2010, pp. 113-127
The Proportion of Ocular Involvement and Characteristics of Dry Eye Parameters in Primary Sjögren Syndrome Referred from the Rheumatology Department
Authors: Jung Hyun Ji , Jun Roo Min , Han Kyung Eun
Published: October 2024

Purpose: To report the proportion of ocular involvement in primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) and to analyze various dry eye indexes and serum titers of markers depending on whether ocular involvement has occurred or not.Methods: This retrospective study considered 214 patients referred from the rheumatology department for pSS workup. Symptom questionnaires, ocular surface stain score (OSS), Schirmer test, tear breakup time (TBUT), meibomian gland dropout, meibum quality, meibum expressibility, lid margin abnormalities, and lipid layer thickness were evaluated. Anti-Ro, anti-La, and antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor, erythrocyte sedation rate, and C-reactive protein were included as systemic serum titers of markers. Patients with (group 1) and without (group 2) ocular involvement were compared. We conducted a further subgroup analysis of group 1 by dividing it into two groups based on whether or not the cases met all the ocular criteria for pSS diagnosis.Results: Among the 214 referred patients, 118 were diagnosed as pSS: 87 out of 118 (73.7%) in group 1 and 31 (26.3%) in group 2. Group 1 showed higher meibum quality scores (p = 0.016), meibum expressibility (p = 0.010), and lid margin abnormalities on the lower lid (p = 0.029) and lower TBUT (p = 0.016) than group 2. OSS, TBUT, and the Schirmer test statistically differed (p < 0.001, p = 0.041, and p = 0043, respectively) between the patients who satisfied both ocular criteria (n = 46) and those who satisfied only one criterion (n = 41). There were no statistical differences in serum titers of markers between the two groups.Conclusions: About half of patients referred from the rheumatology department for diagnosis of pSS were diagnosed with pSS. The proportion of ocular involvement in the pSS patients was 73.7%, and half of these patients met both ocular criteria. Only anti-Ro antibodies negatively correlated with TBUT. Also, OSS, TBUT, and Schirmer test were statistically different between the two subgroups.
THE LAW ON JOINT-TYPE INSTITUTIONS: A PARLIAMENTARIAN’S VIEW
Authors: Sinelshchikov Yuri
Published: October 2024

Federal Law No. 126-FZ of May 29, 2024 “On Amendments to Article 6 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On Institutions and Bodies of the Penal Enforcement System of the Russian Federation”” provides for the creation of institutions of a combined, so-called hybrid type. It is planned to concentrate correctional institutions and pre-trial detention facilities in a single center, modernize and unify existing technologies in the field of regime maintenance and development of the production sector, as well as provide a reasonable approach to creating conditions for the detention of convicts, suspects and accused. Correctional institutions of the combined type are beneficial to the state, since the organizational and financial costs of moving convicts and escorting them are reduced; the efficiency of logistical support of the institution is increased; forces and means for the protection of convicts are being saved; it is possible to create modern production facilities that could employ all categories of convicts, while solving the problem of eliminating dilapidated facilities in order to improve the conditions of detention of convicts, suspects and accused. The article discusses some problematic issues that will have to be taken into account when implementing the reform. The main thing is the additional allocation of material and financial resources for the construction of centers or the reconstruction of old institutions; the creation of a modern socio-economic environment for employees working in the institution and their family members; a new type of head will be required, the expansion of staff with high qualifications, knowledge, skills and relevant experience; it is necessary to ensure the isolation of various categories of convicts, security and maintenance of the regime. The ambiguous attitude of local residents towards such construction should also be taken into account. The opinion that educational colonies, medical correctional institutions and detention houses could also be located in joint- type institutions was not supported by deputies of the State Duma. Nevertheless, this issue is not completely closed. It is subject to broader discussion with the participation of specialists, including on the pages of this journal, which may allow the relevant draft law to be submitted to the State Duma.
THE IMPERFECTION OF PENAL ENFORCEMENT AND OTHER LEGISLATION ON THE ASSESSMENT OF THE BEHAVIOR OF A CONVICTED PERSON AS A CORRUPTION FACTOR
Authors: Skiba Andrey
Published: October 2024

The article identifies and analyzes the provisions of penal and other legislation that provide unnecessarily wide discretion or the possibility of choosing opposite decisions by correctional officers and judges when assessing the behavior of a person sentenced to imprisonment. It is concluded that the imperfection of penal enforcement and other legislation is a corruption-causing factor mainly when imposing penalties on a convicted person, changing the conditions of serving a sentence, recognizing him as a malicious violator of the established procedure for serving a sentence, as well as resolving the issue of his parole or replacing the unserved part of the punishment with a milder type of punishment.
Transforming Care in SEA: Evidence and Considerations for Evolution of the Current Treatment Paradigm
Authors: Hanger Bjørn
Published: October 2024

This article reviews an industry symposium held on 8 September 2024 as part of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) Congress 2024 in Vienna, Austria, which brought together four experts to discuss the current treatment paradigm for severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA), including the role of biologics and background medication tapering. Katrin Milger-Kneidinger, Professor of Respiratory Medicine at the University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilian University Munich (LMU), in Germany, and the MedUni Graz, in Austria, explored the critical role eosinophils play in SEA pathology and how biologic therapies targeting eosinophils can address key disease features, including airway remodelling, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and mucus production. Felix Herth, Professor of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Thoraxklinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, in Germany, discussed persistent airflow obstruction (PAO) in patients with SEA, focusing on a typical patient profile to understand the clinical manifestation and opportunities for management. Stephanie Korn, Professor of Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine at Thoraxklinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, in Germany, and Head of the Clinical Research Centre, Institute für Klinische Forschung (IKP) Pneumologie in Mainz, Germany, presented on remission as a clinical target in SEA, focusing on how biologics can help achieve remission in some patients. Lastly, in a discussion led by symposium chair Stefano Del Giacco, Professor of Medicine, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, at the University of Cagliari, Sardinia, in Italy, the experts agreed that a positive practice change would be to get more patients with relevant clinical manifestations on biologics, and that background medication tapering, when appropriate, could lead to improved patient outcomes and quality of life (QoL) in SEA.
Why English Legal Discourse is Difficult to Understand
Authors: Litvishko Olga , Shiryaeva Tatyana , Golubovskaya Elena , Mekeko Nataliya
Published: October 2024

To date, language complexity has come to the fore of modern linguistic research, which is related to scientific discussion of similarity / difference in the degree of complexity between various languages. There is general agreement among various linguists that it rests on a great number of parameters, which is the result of the lack of uniform knowledge about this relatively novel linguistic phenomenon.
Under any circumstances, though the dichotomy principle underlies several approaches to the definition of complexity, i.e. it can be absolute (objective) and relational (subjective); systemic (paradigmatic) and structural (syntagmatic); the universal three-dimensional nature of language can serve as the guiding principle for the analysis of complexity parameters in any type of discourse. Thus, the paper highlights the lexical, syntactic and pragmatic parameters of English legal discourse (LD) language complexity based on the generally accepted semiotic triad.
These elaborations are also complemented by the deployment of the research framework consisting of three models “language-communicator”, “language-language” and “language-discourse” which, though initially designed for different purposes, can as well be successfully applied to the study of language parameters as factors stipulating the language complexity of LD. The given models are illustrated by the relevant examples of legal and juridical nature.
Disentangling dynamic and stochastic modes in multivariate time series
Authors: Uhl Christian , Stiehl Annika , Weeger Nicolas , Schlarb Markus , Hüper Knut
Published: October 2024

A signal decomposition is presented that disentangles the deterministic and stochastic components of a multivariate time series. The dynamical component analysis (DyCA) algorithm is based on the assumption that an unknown set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) describes the dynamics of the deterministic part of the signal. The algorithm is thoroughly derived and accompanied by a link to the GitHub repository containing the algorithm. The method was applied to both simulated and real-world data sets and compared to the results of principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA), and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD). The results demonstrate that DyCA is capable of separating the deterministic and stochastic components of the signal. Furthermore, the algorithm is able to estimate the number of linear and non-linear differential equations and to extract the corresponding amplitudes. The results demonstrate that DyCA is an effective tool for signal decomposition and dimension reduction of multivariate time series. In this regard, DyCA outperforms PCA and ICA and is on par or slightly superior to the DMD algorithm in terms of performance.
Enhancing slope stability prediction through integrated PCA-SSA-SVM modeling: a case study of LongLian expressway
Authors: Huang Jianxin , Lu Dan , Lin Wei , Yang Qiuyan
Published: October 2024

China is one of the regions most frequently affected by landslides, which have significant socio-economic impacts. Traditional slope stability analysis methods, such as the limit equilibrium method, limit analysis method, and finite element method, often face limitations due to computational complexity and the need for extensive soil property data. This study proposes a novel approach that combines Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) to improve the accuracy of slope stability prediction. PCA effectively reduces data dimensionality while retaining critical information. SSA optimizes SVM parameters, addressing the limitations of traditional optimization methods. The integrated PCA-SSA-SVM model was applied to a dataset of 257 slope stability samples and validated using five-fold cross-validation to ensure the model’s generalization capability. The results show that the model exhibits superior performance in prediction accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, with the test set achieving an accuracy of 84.6%, a recall of 84.7%, a precision of 83.1%, and an F1-score of 84.6%. The model’s robustness was further validated using slope data from the LongLian Expressway, demonstrating high consistency with the actual stability status. These findings indicate that the PCA-SSA-SVM-based slope stability prediction model has significant potential for practical engineering applications, providing a reliable and efficient tool for slope stability forecasting. Classify the training samples through cross-validation, using the accuracy of cross-validation as the fitness of the sparrow individual. Retain the optimal fitness value and position information.
Will I fit? The impact of social and identity determinants on teamwork in engineering education
Authors: Earle Shayna , McDonald Madison , Bengizi Esra , Jones Kim S.
Published: October 2024

In engineering as with many STEM spaces, the environment delivers many cues that affect psychological fit, which affects choices students make. Teamwork experiences can be particularly challenging for equity-deserving students. Using focus groups at a medium-sized multi-cultural Canadian university, we examined how engineering students navigated and experienced teamwork and how that interacted with social determinants (e.g., money and time constraints) and identity, including gender, race, and sexuality. We used the framework of State Authenticity as Fit to Environment to develop themes of teamwork choices, experiences, and outcomes. Social fit (respect from peers) and self-concept fit (whether self-image matches stereotype) affected many choices and experiences including selection of teammates with similar identities or allies. Women and low socio-economic status students sought self-concept fit by avoiding coding within teams. Visibly under-represented students felt pressure to excel to validate self-concept fit. The team environment itself sent messages about social and self-concept fit to many students, though the focus on collaboration and applications with social benefits often aligned with goal fit. These fit-guided choices and threats to fit nudged many students away from engineering careers. Interventions to address factors that cause negative experiences for marginalized students include strategic group composition, supporting mentorship and affinity groups, rotating group roles, structured collaboration, inclusive teamwork training and increasing diversity.
Cohort-based programs facilitate skill development and community building for postdoctoral scholars: a pilot study
Authors: Nguyen Karena H.
Published: October 2024

Postdoctoral scholars (“postdocs”) occupy a distinct academic stage and therefore have unique career and professional development needs. We aimed to explore whether a cohort-based program could promote skill development, support career preparation, and facilitate community building among postdocs at our institution. We applied the design thinking process, commonly used in engineering and industrial design, to create a 4-month long leadership and project management program. Pre- and post-surveys with Likert-scale questions measured participants' self-confidence in and self-assessment of competencies related to leadership and project management (e.g., creating an inclusive environment, developing a project charter). Fourteen postdocs from STEM and humanities disciplines participated in the pilot program. Matched responses from participants indicated an 82% positive shift in leadership self-confidence (n = 11) and a 56% positive shift in project management self-confidence (n = 9). Postdocs also showed a positive shift in all 12 competencies related to leadership (n = 11), and a positive shift in nine of 10 competencies related to project management (n = 9). In the optional open-ended questions provided in the surveys, postdocs articulated that the cohort created an environment to share experiences, safely practice new skills, and discuss their career goals. Applying the principles of design thinking to develop a cohort-based professional development program resulted in participant learning gains and their feedback suggests that the program supported a greater sense of belonging. Administrators could use our approach to innovate programming that meets the professional and personal needs of postdocs at their institution.
The design of a model predictive control strategy and performance analysis for pumped storage units and super capacitors in power systems
Authors: Zhidong Wang , Xiaonan Han , Ying Wang
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Super capacitors were regarded as one of the most effective frequency regulation technologies in power systems. The major issue of applying super capacitors for frequency regulation is the limited energy capacity and the high construction costs. The pumped storage units have been developed and applied in power systems for decades, whereas it was rarely operated to regulate the system frequency due to the operation limitations. The pumped storage units could be operated as a hydro generator under the generation mode and provide effective frequency regulation service with the conventional automatic generation control (AGC) system while its output power was constant under the pumping mode.

Method

In this paper, the pumped storage unit was controlled to participate in frequency regulation under the generation mode with super capacitors. Considering the AGC system could not consider the state of charging (SOC) of super capacitors for frequency regulation, an optimization model was proposed to determine the operation points for super capacitors and pumped storage units under a model predictive control (MPC) strategy to regulate the system frequency for power systems.

Results and Discussion

Based on the various operation scenarios, the effectiveness and costs of pumped storage units and super capacitors to provide frequency regulation services were discussed. It was indicated that pumped storage units and super capacitors were effective technologies for power systems.
Dynamic state awareness for distribution network based on robust adaptive cubature kalman filter
Authors: Dai Ruihai , Wan Yanzhen , Lian Deqiang , Weng Liguo , Tang Xiao , Wang Jianfei
Published: October 2024

With the rapid development of the economy and society, the demand for power quality is constantly increasing. As a crucial part of grid situational awareness, distribution network state estimation plays a vital role in providing critical data support for other advanced applications, which is significant for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the distribution network. Therefore, this paper proposes a dynamic state awareness method for distribution networks based on the robust adaptive cubature Kalman filter (RACKF). The proposed solution, grounded on the core computational concept of the cubature Kalman filter (CKF), constructs a robust noise statistical estimator (NSE) composed of a biased NSE and an unbiased NSE to adapt to the unknown and time-varying process noise parameters in the dynamic state estimation process. The proposed solution can ensure that the calculated process noise parameters always meet the constraints and guarantee the robustness of the algorithm. In addition, an estimation strategy for the fusion of multi-time scale measurement data is developed according to the RACKF-based dynamic state estimation features in order to realize system state corrections and updates. The results of simulation experiments and comparisons with traditional CKF methods demonstrate the accuracy and superiority of the proposed solution.
Quantitative assessment of PM2.5-related human health impacts at the provincial level in China and analysis of its heterogeneity affected by economic structural transformation
Authors: Wang Yue , Zhang Xiaoyi , Hu Yanyong , Du Xiaolu , Zhao Xin , Sun Yingshan
Published: October 2024

Rapid economic development has led to massive fossil energy consumption and emissions of air pollutants such as PM2.5, which have severely impacted human health and the environment. By uncovering the primary regions and pivotal sectors of PM2.5-related human health impacts (PM2.5-HHI) and evaluating the influence of economic structural factors on them, we can facilitate a more targeted strategy for managing PM2.5 pollution sources. This study employs a structural decomposition analysis method based on input–output analysis to evaluate the impact of China’s provincial economic structural transformation and changes in final demand on PM2.5-HHI in the years 2012, 2015, and 2017. Results indicated that PM2.5-HHI is primarily concentrated in economically developed provinces (e.g., Shandong and Guangdong), which is compared to Shanghai, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, and Hebei experienced negative growth in PM2.5-HHI during 2007–2017. The production-based PM2.5-HHI is primarily driven by energy-intensive sectors such as the production and distribution of electric power and heat power. By contrast, the building sector is key to driving consumption-based PM2.5-HHI. An increasing number of regions are reducing PM2.5-HHI by implementing production structure changes. Moreover, the driving effect of production structure changes on PM2.5-HHI growth is strengthening in Beijing and Tianjin. Changes in the final demand structure mainly led to the growth of PM2.5-HHI in areas with higher economic development levels, such as Beijing and Shandong, but this driving effect is weakening. The final demand–driven PM2.5-HHI shows an evolutionary trend of an increasing share driven by fixed capital formation and exports and a decreasing share driven by household consumption. Changes in emission intensity play a key role in decreasing PM2.5-HHI in each region. Alternatively, changes in the structure of emission sources have a relatively minor impact on PM2.5-HHI. To mitigate PM2.5-HHI, regional economic and resource endowment advantages should be used to promote regional coordinated development and strengthen green production-process innovation in energy-intensive industries. Meanwhcile, it is necessary to optimize urban construction planning and improve the energy efficiency of buildings.
Current status for utilization of cold resistance genes and strategies in wheat breeding program
Authors: Ma Shijie , Huang Xiaorong , Zhao Xiaoqing , Liu Lilong , Zhang Li , Gan Binjie
Published: October 2024

Low temperature chilling is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting growth and yield of Triticum aestivum L. With global climate change, the risk of cold damage in wheat production has increased. In recent years, with the extensive research on wheat chilling resistance, especially the development of genetic engineering technology, the research on wheat chilling resistance has made great progress. This paper describes the mechanism of wheat cold damage, including cell membrane injury, cytoplasmic concentration increased as well as the imbalance of the ROS system. Mechanisms of cold resistance in wheat are summarised, including hormone signalling, transcription factor regulation, and the role of protective enzymes of the ROS system in cold resistanc. Functions of cloned wheat cold resistance genes are summarised, which will provide a reference for researchers to further understand and make use of cold resistance related genes in wheat. The current cold resistant breeding of wheat relies on the agronomic traits and observable indicators, molecular methods are lacked. A strategy for wheat cold-resistant breeding based on QTLs and gene technologies is proposed, with a view to breeding more cold-resistant varieties of wheat with the deepening of the research.
Elucidating macrophage scavenger receptor 1’s mechanistic contribution as a shared molecular mediator in obesity and thyroid cancer pathogenesis via bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Shang Fangjian , Xu Zhe , Wang Haobo , Xu Bin , Li Ning , Zhang Jiakai , Li Xuan , Zhao Zhen , Zhang Xi , Liu Bo , Zhao Zengren
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Obesity is a disease characterized by the excessive accumulation of fat. Concurrently, thyroid carcinoma (THCA) stands as the foremost endocrine malignancy. Despite the observed escalation in concurrent prevalence of both conditions, the underlying interconnections remain elusive. This indicates the need to identify potential biomarkers to predict the pathways through which obesity and THCA coexist.

Methods

The study employed a variety of methods, including differential gene expression analysis, Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), and gene enrichment analysis. It was also supplemented with immunohistochemical data from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA), advanced machine learning techniques, and related experiments such as qPCR, to identify important pathways and key genes shared between obesity and THCA.

Results

Through differential gene expression analysis, WGCNA, and machine learning methods, we identified three biomarkers (IL6R, GZMB, and MSR1) associated with obesity. After validation analysis using THCA-related datasets and biological experiments, we selected Macrophage Scavenger Receptor 1 (MSR1) as a key gene for THCA analysis. The final analysis revealed that MSR1 is closely related to the degree of immune cell infiltration in patients with obesity and THCA, suggesting that this gene may be a potential intervention target for both obesity and THCA.

Discussion

Our research indicates that MSR1 may influence the occurrence and development of obesity and THCA by regulating the infiltration level of immune cells. This lays the foundation for future research on targeted therapies based on their shared mechanisms.
Dinucleotide composition representation -based deep learning to predict scoliosis-associated Fibrillin-1 genotypes
Authors: Zhang Sen , Dai Li-Na , Yin Qi , Kang Xiao-Ping , Zeng Dan-Dan , Jiang Tao , Zhao Guang-Yu , Li Xiao-He , Li Jing
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Scoliosis is a pathological spine structure deformation, predominantly classified as “idiopathic” due to its unknown etiology. However, it has been suggested that scoliosis may be linked to polygenic backgrounds. It is crucial to identify potential Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS)-related genetic backgrounds before scoliosis onset.

Methods

The present study was designed to intelligently parse, decompose and predict AIS-related variants in ClinVar database. Possible AIS-related variant records downloaded from ClinVar were parsed for various labels, decomposed for Dinucleotide Compositional Representation (DCR) and other traits, screened for high-risk genes with statistical analysis, and then learned intelligently with deep learning to predict high-risk AIS genotypes.

Results

Results demonstrated that the present framework is composed of all technical sections of data parsing, scoliosis genotyping, genome encoding, machine learning (ML)/deep learning (DL) and scoliosis genotype predicting. 58,000 scoliosis-related records were automatically parsed and statistically analyzed for high-risk genes and genotypes, such as FBN1, LAMA2 and SPG11. All variant genes were decomposed for DCR and other traits. Unsupervised ML indicated marked inter-group separation and intra-group clustering of the DCR of FBN1, LAMA2 or SPG11 for the five types of variants (Pathogenic, Pathogeniclikely, Benign, Benignlikely and Uncertain). A FBN1 DCR-based Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was trained for Pathogenic and Benign/ Benignlikely variants performed accurately on validation data and predicted 179 high-risk scoliosis variants. The trained predictor was interpretable for the similar distribution of variant types and variant locations within 2D structure units in the predicted 3D structure of FBN1.

Discussion

In summary, scoliosis risk is predictable by deep learning based on genomic decomposed features of DCR. DCR-based classifier has predicted more scoliosis risk FBN1 variants in ClinVar database. DCR-based models would be promising for genotype-to-phenotype prediction for more disease types.
On the tracks of white sharks in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Ferretti Francesco , Shea Brendan D. , Gambardella Chiara , Jenrette Jeremy F. , Moro Stefano , Echwikhi Khaled , Schallert Robert J. , Gallagher Austin J. , Block Barbara A. , Chapple Taylor K.
Published: October 2024

White sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) are among the most widespread, charismatic, and studied predators in the ocean. However, their conservation status is concerning in many ocean sectors, most notably the Mediterranean Sea, which hosts one of the least known and most endangered populations globally. Though they were historically abundant and widely distributed in the region, Mediterranean white sharks have declined to dangerously low abundance levels, impacted by centuries of coastal and, more recently, industrial fishing. The IUCN lists this species as Critically Endangered in the region, but information about its current abundance and ecology is scarce, hindering effective management and conservation. Here, we describe our initial effort to find and track the remaining Mediterranean white sharks and report what we have learned from these activities. In 2021-2023, we conducted three pilot expeditions in the Sicilian Channel, covering four major sites, collecting 159 eDNA samples, and carrying out 359 hrs of pelagic mid-water baited video surveys, 43 hours of deep-water benthic baited video surveys, and 111 hrs of fishing. Baited video surveys detected 42 species of bony fishes, elasmobranchs, marine mammals, and turtles. We detected white sharks at four sites from eDNA samples. Though we did not observe white sharks directly, these activities supported the identification of one of the last strongholds of this population in the region and started a multi-institutional white shark conservation program in the Mediterranean Sea, aiming to track the last white sharks in the region, estimate their abundance and extinction risk, characterize the species’ ecology and inform management and conservation.
Uncovering the oxic-suboxic microenvironment change in seamount flank through authigenic clay minerals in basaltic substrate of ferromanganese crust, Magellan seamount
Authors: An Hyeonho , Jung Jaewoo , Hwang Huijeong , Kim Suhyun , Kim Jonguk , Ko Youngtak , Yang Kiho
Published: October 2024

In low-temperature ocean environments, basalt alteration by seawater precipitates authigenic clay minerals that serve as proxies for reconstructing paleo-ocean conditions because they reflect surrounding oxic-suboxic conditions. In this study, alteration rims on basaltic substrate associated with ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crust from the Magellan seamount KC-7 were identified by microscopic analyses. Mineralogical and geochemical analyses indicate that the alteration rims contain K-enriched Fe-smectite and glauconite which suggest that seawater-basalt interaction occurred under oxic conditions and in the presence of organic-rich suboxic conditions, respectively. These disparate environmental conditions suggest that the environment changed before and after Fe-Mn crusts formed. During the Cenozoic hyperthermal events, oxygen-rich bottom water was supplied by upwelling driven by the geomorphological influence of the seamounts, which may have led to basalt alteration. The K-enriched Fe-smectites, which indicate oxic condition, formed via seawater-basalt interactions before the Fe-Mn crust incrustation. Later, during the Eocene, the opening of the Drake Passage enhanced the supply of oxygen-rich seawater to the Magellan Seamounts, thereby enabling the formation of hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crust. After the incrustation of seamount flanks with Fe-Mn crusts, the carbonate fluorapatite (CFA), a product of the global phosphatization event, filled the pores in the Fe-Mn crusts during Oi-1 glaciation. As a result, seawater-basalt interactions decreased and led to suboxic conditions, in which glauconite formed as organic matter was remineralized under the organic-rich conditions in the basaltic substrate. This authigenic clay mineral formation sequence suggests that changes in ocean circulation and subsequent changes in the oxic-suboxic conditions in the basaltic substrate occurred on the western Pacific seamount KC-7.
Sustainable seaweed aquaculture and climate change in the North Atlantic: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Veenhof Reina J. , Burrows Michael T. , Hughes Adam D. , Michalek Kati , Ross Michael E. , Thomson Alex I. , Fedenko Jeffrey , Stanley Michele S.
Published: October 2024

Seaweed aquaculture is gaining traction globally as a solution to many climate issues. However, seaweeds themselves are also under threat of anthropogenically driven climate change. Here, we summarize climate-related challenges to the seaweed aquaculture industry, with a focus on the developing trade in the North Atlantic. Specifically, we summarize three main challenges: i) abiotic change; ii) extreme events; and iii) disease & herbivory. Abiotic change includes negative effects of ocean warming and acidification, as well as altered seasonality due to ocean warming. This can lower biomass yield and change biochemical composition of the seaweeds. Extreme events can cause considerable damage and loss to seaweed farms, particularly due to marine heatwaves, storms and freshwater inputs. Seaweed diseases have a higher chance of proliferating under environmentally stressful conditions such as ocean warming and decreased salinity. Herbivory causes loss of biomass but is not well researched in relation to seaweed aquaculture in the North Atlantic. Despite challenges, opportunities exist to improve resilience to climate change, summarized in three sections: i) future proof site selection; ii) advances in breeding and microbiome manipulation; and iii) restorative aquaculture. We present a case study where we use predictive modelling to illustrate suitable habitat for seaweed cultivation in the North Atlantic under future ocean warming. Notably, there was a large loss of suitable habitat for cultivating Alaria esculenta and Laminaria digitata. We show how selection and priming and microbe inoculates may be a cost-effective and scalable solution to improve disease- and thermal tolerance. Co-cultivation of seaweeds may increase both yield and biodiversity co-benefits. Finally, we show that aquaculture and restoration can benefit from collaborating on nursery techniques and push for improved legislation.