bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional Mappings of Political Accounts for Malicious Political Socialbot Identification
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: September 2018

Malicious political socialbots used to sway public opinion regarding the U.S. government and its functions have been identified as part of a larger information warfare effort by the Russian government. This work asks what is knowable from a web-based sleuthing approach regarding the following four factors: 1) the ability to identify malicious political socialbot accounts based on their ego neighborhoods at 1, 1.5, and 2 degrees; 2) the ability to identify malicious political socialbot accounts based on the claimed and linked geographical locations of their accounts, their ego neighborhoods, and their #hashtag networks; 3) the ability to identify malicious political socialbot accounts based on their strategic messaging (content, sentiment, and language structures) on respective social media platforms; and 4) the ability to identify and describe “maliciousness” in malicious political socialbot accounts based on observable behaviors on that account on three social media platform types: (a) microblogging, (b) social networking, and (c) crowd-sourced encyclopedia content sharing.
Organochlorine Pesticides
Authors: Harit Garima
Published: September 2018

Indiscriminate use of different pesticides in agriculture has increased over the years, especially in the developing countries. This influences the aquatic environment to a great extent. This also poses a great danger to freshwater organisms, including fish, which constitute a major share in the aquatic environment and contribute to the economy of the nation. Water pollution is posing intricate problems that need immediate redress. Organo-chlorine pesticides (OCPs) are a major contributor to aquatic pollution and are amongst the most serious global contaminants. In addition, organochlorine pesticides have a tendency to accumulate in aquatic biota; they also undergo food chain amplification. Lipophilic pollutants are chemically very stable and resistant to microbial, photochemical, chemical, and thermal degradation. The chemical stability of these compounds, their high lipid solubility, and their toxicity to human beings and animals has led government and researchers to feel concerned about their presence in the environment.
Global Warming and Pesticides in Water Bodies
Authors: Ramakrishnan Sanjeevi , Jayaraman Anuradha
Published: September 2018

Over the last few decades, significant effort has been undertaken to record the effect, fate, and transport of pesticides into surface water and groundwater. The functional aspect of climate change and pollutant interactions induces vulnerability on species and populations and reveals the onset of adverse events by triggering the nature's threshold. Erstwhile climate change by itself will affect the environmental distribution and induces prominent toxicity of various chemical toxicants like pesticides. Despite of their potential toxicity towards the beneficial organisms and even to human beings, their use is mandatory to improve the productivity and high-quality life standards. In general, climate change alters the efficiency of pesticide use and can also be expected. But their leaching pollutes ground water. Research on the effects of climate change, on the environmental fate and behavior of pesticides and their mechanisms of action between the environmental compartments has been reviewed in this chapter.
Some Aspects of the Growth of University Student Internship in Japan
Authors: Shinohara Yasumasa
Published: September 2018

This chapter reviews the recent development of internship in Japanese universities to identify some characteristic aspects of the growth of internship in the universities. The government initiated promoting internship in the late 1990s and now almost all universities provide some internship programmes. The author focuses on the policy papers for the last 20 years, especially the successive reports of the education minister advisory body, which have led the direction of the promotion of internship. Authorizing internship in curriculum was aimed from the beginning. Career education also attracted educators and policymakers while internship was a policy focus, and internship was thought to be a useful means of quality career education. Internship has turned employers' attention while Japanese-style employment and recruiting systems were reconsidered. Internship has been settled down in university curriculum as general education rather than specialized education. However, how internship is set in a curriculum is the university's discretion.
Transportation, Transformation, and Metaphoricity
Authors: Pöhnl Veronika
Published: September 2018

This chapter discusses similarities of and differences between the epistemological premises of ANT and German media theory concerning concepts of transmission. The applicability of ANT for media investigations and the compatibility of ANT concepts in media studies have been discussed intensively for several years now. The profound similarities as well as the critical differences in the study of the material conditions of human culture have also stimulated current reconsiderations and reformulations in cultural media studies, as German media theory is most commonly called in Germany. The chapter gives a brief overview of recently published approaches to cultural techniques and intersections of media and techno-philosophy that are increasingly being translated into English and therefore also internationally accessible, alongside with the discussion concerning their compatibility with ANT in respect of cultural transmission.
Rise of the Non-Human Actors
Authors: Tatnall Arthur , Davey Bill
Published: September 2018

The internet of things (IoT) involves connections of physical things to the internet. It is largely about the relationships between things, or non-human actors. In the past, it was rare for non-humans to interact with each other without any involvement by humans, but this has changed and the “things” sometimes seem to have inordinate power. Where does this leave humans? Are the things taking over? As a consideration of interactions like this must be a socio-technical one, in this chapter, the authors make use of actor-network theory to frame the discussion. While the first applications for IoT technology were in areas such as supply chain management and logistics, many more examples now can be found ranging from control of home appliances to healthcare. It is expected that the “things” will become active participants in business, information, and social processes, and that they will communicate among themselves by exchanging data sensed from the environment, while reacting autonomously.
Actor-Network Theory and Informal Sector Innovations
Authors: Devi Wairokpam Premi
Published: September 2018

Innovations from informal sectors are often left out of both policymakers' and academic discourse, and hence deprived of the attention they deserve. Almost all the innovation actions in the informal sector are derived from indigenous knowledge, which unfortunately is not explicit in innovation system framework. The process of diffusion of knowledge from one generation to another is embodied in the form of social norms and cultural practices in informal sector. Thereby, key innovations get embedded into the system without noticing. Innovations in the informal sector are complex processes and need to be understood in their context. Thus, the research work will aim to understand the informal sector innovation processes. The authors attempt to see the local ways of solving problems through studying the case of value-added products of rice in the food processing industry in Manipur through the lens of actor network theory (ANT).
Uncertainties Revisited
Authors: Huybrechts Liesbeth , Dreessen Katrien , Schepers Selina
Published: September 2018

In this chapter, the authors use actor-network theory (ANT) to explore the relations between uncertainties in co-design processes and the quality of participation. To do so, the authors investigate Latour's discussion uncertainties in relation to social processes: the nature of actors, actions, objects, facts/matters of concern, and the study of the social. To engage with the discussion on uncertainties in co-design and, more specific in infrastructuring, this chapter clusters the diversity of articulations of the role and place of uncertainty in co-design into four uncertainty models: (1) the neoliberal, (2) the management, (3) the disruptive, and (4) the open uncertainty model. To deepen the reflections on the latter, the authors evaluate the relations between the role and place of uncertainty in two infrastructuring processes in the domain of healthcare and the quality of these processes. In the final reflections, the authors elaborate on how ANT supported in developing a “lens” to assess how uncertainties hinder or contribute to the quality of participation.
Rethinking Information Privacy in a “Connected” World
Authors: Akpojivi Ufuoma
Published: September 2018

The emergence and usage of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) by states, institutions and individuals has challenged and created a shift in the normative idea of privacy from rights to solitude. Consequently, this chapter sought to ascertain if emerging democracies and economies such as South Africa and Nigeria have privacy frameworks that adequately guarantee and protect the privacy of their citizens in this globalized era. Using policy analysis, this chapter argues that although the privacy provisions in South Africa are comprehensive, the privacy framework fails to address the privacy leak associated with the usage of these ICTs. Whereas, in Nigeria, it was observed that the privacy framework is inadequate as there are no specific privacy provisions, thus the assertion that Nigerians have no privacy in this globalized era of connectivity.
Critical Video Surveillance and Identification of Human Behavior Analysis of ATM Security Systems
Authors: Sivabalakrishnan M. , Menaka R. , Jeeva S.
Published: September 2018

Video surveillance cameras are placed in many places such as bank, hospital, toll gates, airports, etc. To take advantage of the video in real time, a human must monitor the system continuously in order to alert security officers if there is an emergency. Besides, for event detection a person can observe four cameras with good accuracy at a time. Therefore, this requires expensive human resources for real time video surveillance using current technology. The trajectory of one or more targets obtains for object tracking while recording above space and time. By tracking various objects, the burden of detection by human sentinels is greatly alleviated. Efficient and reliable automatic alarm system is useful for many ATM surveillance applications. ATM Video monitoring systems present many challenging research issues in human abnormal behaviors detection approaches. The framework of ATM video surveillance system encompassing various factors, such as image acquisition, background estimation, background subtraction, segmentation, people counting and tracking are briefly discussed in this chapter.
A Framework for Protecting Users' Privacy in Cloud
Authors: Sodiya Adesina S. , B. Adegbuyi
Published: September 2018

Data and document privacy concerns are increasingly important in the online world. In Cloud Computing, the story is the same, as the secure processing of personal data represents a huge challenge. The main focus is to preserve and protect personally identifiable information (PII) of individuals, customers, businesses, governments and organisations. The current use of anonymization techniques is not quite efficient because of its failure to use the structure of the datasets under consideration and inability to use a metric that balances the usefulness of information with privacy preservation. In this work, an adaptive lossy decomposition algorithm was developed for preserving privacy in cloud computing. The algorithm uses the foreign key associations to determine the generalizations possible for any attribute in the database. It generates penalties for each obscured attribute when sharing and proposes an optimal decomposition of the relation. Postgraduate database of Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria and Adult database provided at the UCIrvine Machine Learning Repository were used for the evaluation. The result shows a system that could be used to improve privacy in cloud computing.
Tailoring Privacy-Aware Trustworthy Cooperating Smart Spaces for University Environments
Authors: Liampotis Nicolas , Papadopoulou Eliza , Kalatzis Nikos , Roussaki Ioanna G , Kosmides Pavlos , Sykas Efstathios D. , Bental Diana , Taylor Nicholas Kenelm
Published: September 2018

The more information users disclose to pervasive systems or social media, the better quality and enhanced experience they enjoy for a wider variety of personalised services. However, the privacy concerns of individuals that use such systems have dramatically risen the last years, especially after several events of massive security breaches in various computing or communication systems that have reached the news. This chapter presents the approach being employed by the SOCIETIES project to protect the privacy of sensitive user data and ensure the trustworthiness of delivered services via social and pervasive computing systems. This framework has already been designed, implemented and evaluated via real user trials engaging wide and heterogeneous user populations. In addition to the respective requirements, architecture and features discussed herewith, this chapter elaborates on the user trial that has been conducted in university settings to validate this system focusing on the privacy and trust evaluation results obtained.
Building a Surveillance Framework for Currency Crises in Indonesia
Authors: Wiranatakusuma Dimas Bagus , Apriyono Ricky Dwi
Published: September 2018

There seems to be no single country that can escape from currency crises. This paper aims to answer: (i) How to determine exchange market pressure (EMP)? and (ii) To what extent the contribution of selected indicators to the prediction of currency crises?. The study adopts indicators developed by Kaminski, et.al (1999) by using signal extraction method as the early warning system (EWS) mechanism. By employing four selected variables, International reserve, real exchange rates, credit growth, and domestic inflation, the findings suggest the periods of crises fluctuated over the observations under various thresholds. The EMP touched the Kaminsky's line only during the Asian and global financial crises. Meanwhile, the Garcia's, Park's and Lestano's line was passed through frequently over the observations, and it implies that the financial system was cyclically under shocks. In conclusion, the currency crises frequently appear attacking Indonesia's financial system so that need to be mitigated by net open position (NOP) as macroprudential instrument.
Privacy-Preserving Hybrid K-Means
Authors: Gao Zhiqiang , Sun Yixiao , Cui Xiaolong , Wang Yutao , Duan Yanyu , Wang Xu An
Published: September 2018

This article describes how the most widely used clustering, k-means, is prone to fall into a local optimum. Notably, traditional clustering approaches are directly performed on private data and fail to cope with malicious attacks in massive data mining tasks against attackers' arbitrary background knowledge. It would result in violation of individuals' privacy, as well as leaks through system resources and clustering outputs. To address these issues, the authors propose an efficient privacy-preserving hybrid k-means under Spark. In the first stage, particle swarm optimization is executed in resilient distributed datasets to initiate the selection of clustering centroids in the k-means on Spark. In the second stage, k-means is executed on the condition that a privacy budget is set as ε/2t with Laplace noise added in each round of iterations. Extensive experimentation on public UCI data sets show that on the premise of guaranteeing utility of privacy data and scalability, their approach outperforms the state-of-the-art varieties of k-means by utilizing swarm intelligence and rigorous paradigms of differential privacy.
Do Privacy Concerns Affect Information Seeking via Smartphones?
Authors: Abdelhamid Mohamed , Venkatesan Srikanth , Gaia Joana , Sharman Raj
Published: September 2018

The innovation and evolution of technologies in smartphone industry has enabled users to efficiently achieve many tasks including utilizing search engines for instant information retrieval anytime and anywhere. Nonetheless, some users choose not to use these smartphone features including search engines to seek information. This study explores the factors that impact the likelihood of information seeking via smartphones. Privacy concern was found to be one of the main factors influencing the likelihood of seeking information. Android users were more likely to seek information compared to iPhone users, possibly due to the differences in the features of the operating systems of these phones. Motivation to seek information captured by technology ownership increases the likelihood of information seeking. The diversity of social network connections also plays a significant in information seeking behavior of the users.
Privacy Awareness and the Networking Generation
Authors: Odella Francesca
Published: September 2018

The article discusses the social and privacy implications of children's access to the internet and to information technologies of communication (ITCS) services. The growing rate of children online represents an epochal change for issues related to their personal safety and protection, as well as for their privacy rights and chances of improved life. In order to better understand the long term privacy implications of these phenomena the discussion reviews sociological studies that have investigated the structure of friendships networks among adolescents, and describes theoretical frames adopted in analysing social practices concerning the private sphere. Results of these studies provide clues on how interpersonal online relations are structured and how attitudes and practices circulate across and inside different social settings. Finally, implications for privacy issues related to the upcoming Internet of Things (IoT) are debated using the case of ethical design in engineering as an alternative option to the control option exercised by governments and companies.
Privacy Protection for Data-Driven Smart Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Wong Kok-Seng , Kim Myung Ho
Published: September 2018

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a new industrial ecosystem that combines intelligent and autonomous machines, advanced predictive analytics, and machine-human collaboration to improve productivity, efficiency and reliability. The integration of industry and IoT creates various attack surfaces and new opportunities for data breaches. In the IIoT context, it will often be the case that data is considered sensitive. This is because data will encapsulate various aspects of industrial operation, including highly sensitive information about products, business strategies, and companies. The transition to more open network architectures and data sharing of IoT poses challenges in manufacturing and industrial markets. The loss of sensitive information can lead to significant business loss and cause reputational damage. In this paper, the authors discuss emerging issues that are related to IIoT data sharing, investigate possible technological solutions to hide sensitive information and discuss some privacy management techniques in smart manufacturing systems.
Perceived Positioning of ‘Made in China'
Authors: Zameer Hashim , Wang Ying , Yasmeen Humaira
Published: September 2018

Marketing a product to global consumers is a challenge due to intense competition and consumer biases toward specific country in global market. This paper has been used to address the specific challenge of country made in label in context of ‘Made in China' because China is largest manufacturer and exporter in the world. A conceptual framework has been drawn using extant literature to determine the perceived positioning of ‘Made in China' label. For conceptualization of this study means-end theory has been used which determine product characteristics at superior level. The proposed conceptual framework provides strong managerial insights and indicates that positioning of ‘Made in China' label is significantly influenced at cognitive, normative and affective level. Authors believe this framework as a valuable guideline for brands those are thinking to approach global consumers. This study is also comprised of the mechanism that can be used by firms to handle the perceived positioning of ‘Made in China'.
Building and Development of Dairy “Dana” Brand
Authors: Milović Boris
Published: September 2018

For success it is not enough to have the best and highest quality product, best price, the best distribution network, and excellent promotion; the most important thing is how the consumer values it. The market for dairy products in Serbia is dominated by products that were perceived as average and ordinary, consumed simply to meet basic nutritional needs. Agricultural company Sava Kovacevic had great products, but not brands. Development of brand “Dana” is focused on that specific benefits found to provide consumers a brand as well as a range of values that a new brand represents. The very brand strategy is developed after a detailed analysis of the product, consumers for which it is intended (their lifestyles, habits, attitudes, etc.), competition and market conditions, market position of competing brands, and their communication with customers and the general public. Therefore, brand image of the product is built along with its unique position in the market.
Mobile Devices and Advertising
Authors: Dias Patricia , Teixeira-Botelho Inês
Published: September 2018

This chapter discusses ways of rethinking and reconfiguring advertising models and tools, in order to explore all the potential of mobile devices. The chapter presents a literature review on perceptions and opportunities related to mobile devices and advertising, focusing themes such as branded content, branded apps, advergames, second screening and m-commerce. It also presents results from an exploratory qualitative study conducted in Portugal on perceptions about mobile devices and advertising, based on 4 focus groups with users of mobile devices aged between 18 and 35 years old. The empirical results show that users have negative perceptions and attitudes towards traditional advertising models, such as banners, pop-ups and pre-videos on YouTube. On the contrary, they use some branded apps and value both engagement and community building and providing useful services and information. Thus, opportunities, possibilities, preferences and dislikes were discussed.
Debranding Digital Identity
Authors: Weisgerber Corinne , Butler Shannan Heath
Published: September 2018

This article explores the rhetoric of empowerment surrounding the recent phenomenon of personal branding and calls into question the idea that personal identities can and should be managed through corporate marketing processes in a Web 2.0 world. Starting with an examination of the historical basis of the personal branding movement and a critical analysis of the branding metaphor, the article then proceeds to show how the three stages of the conventional branding process on which most personal branding advice is based on, provide an inadequate framework for understanding the complex nature of identity work in a networked age.
Impact of Advertising and Public Relations on Tourism Development in Da Nang, Vietnam
Authors: Tran Xuan , Nguyen Minh , Luu Ha Kieu Tan , Ngo Ny , Tran My , Nguyen Ngoc Bich , Tran Hai
Published: September 2018

An exploratory study was conducted to determine the impact of advertising and public relations on the visit intention of tourists in Da Nang, Vietnam. In 2015, Trip Advisor and New York Times selected Da Nang, Vietnam as one of the top Asia tourist destinations. This study sought to address the relationship between advertising or public relations and tourists' intention to visit based on the theory of planned behavior. Structure Equation Modeling was conducted to predict the impact of advertising and public relations on the visit intention of tourists in Da Nang. Findings indicate that an increased favorable attitude and control of advertising would increase tourist arrivals. Surprisingly, an increased positive attitude and control of public relations did not significantly affect tourists' intention to visit. Instead, the social norms of public relations were effective in driving the decision to visit but the social norms of advertising were not. The findings have contributed to destination brand through advertising and public relations. Implications are discussed.
The Role of Movies/TV Series in Building Country/City/Destination Brands
Authors: Şahbaz Ramazan Pars , Bayram Ali Turan
Published: September 2018

TV series and movies which have become one of the most effective media tools, has a fairly determinative power on perceptions, opinions, reactions, and behaviours. The effect of movies and TV series on destination advertising can be appeared as informing, offering a perspective for the spectator, creating an image and directing the image. The places where the film is located in or the places that are told in the film take place relatedly in the spectators' minds. Accordingly, a destination can obtain an image and become a brand by presenting in a film or locating in a film. In that sense, this part is important in terms of analysing the role of TV series and movies on promotion of country and building a destination image, stressing that the power should be used to create an image about the region where is located or told in the film or to change the current image in individuals' minds by destinations efficiently. This part mainly inclines on these points and the subject will be analysed profoundly.
Brand Reputation in the Facebook Era
Authors: Mir-Bernal Pedro
Published: September 2018

The vitality of the Internet highlights the research relevance that online reputation studies are acquiring. Most available research suggests that online reputation might also be managed (Online Reputation Management, ORM). However, technology development has given consumers a digital fingerprint and impact on a brand reputation. Therefore, brand reputation management is eventually limited to some tools. A literature review was conducted to pay attention to the most important emerging research topics on the field and to identify interesting research areas.
Tackling Islamic Terrorism and Radicalism in Indonesia by Increasing the Sense of Humanity and Friendship
Authors: Putra Idhamsyah Eka , Danamasi Dimas Okto , Rufaedah Any , Arimbi Reisa Suci , Priyanto Sapto
Published: September 2018

In regard to the rise of Islamic terrorism and fundamentalism, this paper aims to (1) explore the ways in changing jihadists' mind and behavior; that is, by guiding them away from “war situation” and by persuading them to conduct good deeds and to relate Islam to daily life such as by giving sermons on peace or helping others. To the convicted terrorists, the authors present the project findings showing that developing dialogs about humanity and peace could increase the level of cognitive complexity through which it can lead them to be more positive to others. (2) The authors also discuss religious fundamentalism and how to deal with it. Two studies revealed that although eliminating religious fundamentalism is almost not possible, there are still ways to lead them to have positive perceptions toward other religious groups. One of them is to make the fundamentalists believe that Muslims and Islam perceive non-Muslims in a positive way, instead of in a negative way.
Comparing the Socio-Political Ethics of Fighting Terrorism With Extreme Self-Defense in USA
Authors: Korstanje Maximiliano E. , Strang Kenneth David
Published: September 2018

In this study the authors adopted a post-positivist research design philosophy to explore the likelihood that Americans would support extreme self-defense policies like torture, reducing human rights or banning Muslims to fight against global terrorism, especially after 9/11 and in light of the Trump conservative government. The authors grounded their research questions into the literature to form hypotheses in a correlational design strategy which they tested using nonparametric statistics. They collected opinions from 3213 Americans during 2016-2017 about applying extreme self-defense tactics to combat global terrorism and how these opinions contrasted between those holding a conservative versus liberal or other individualistic socio-political ideology. The surprising results were that American citizens did not unanimously endorse banning Muslims (only 30% supported the policy and 6% were undecided) but the majority (51%) of participants sanctioned torture as a self-defense to combat global terrorism.
The Impact of Decline on Everyday Life in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Park Lovingly Quitania , Busson Britt
Published: September 2018

The loss of independence is a quintessential feature of dementia and important to the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, changes in memory and other cognitive abilities can significantly influence the rate and the trajectory of decline in everyday life. The goal of this chapter is to provide the reader with a picture of how the cognitive and emotional changes associated with AD can alter daily living in the early-to-moderate stages and the subsequent psychosocial impacts. Practical suggestions with regard to management of AD by the affected individual and supporters are offered, as are some suggestions for addressing completion of daily tasks, such as finances, medications, appointments, and transportation.
Pharmacogenomics and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Dornblaser Emily K. , Worby Craig P. , Brazeau Daniel Alan
Published: September 2018

Cardiovascular disease is one of the most prevalent disease states in the U.S. and contributes substantially to overall morbidity and mortality. The ability to effectively optimize the treatment of cardiovascular disease has a significant impact on overall disease prevention and treatment. This chapter discusses the relationship between genetic variations and their impact on medications used for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. Key medications that are susceptible to genetic variation have been identified. The chapter describes the mechanisms by which genetic variation may contribute to altered medication concentrations or effects and briefly reviews the place in therapy for the cardiovascular medications. In addition, this chapter reviews current clinical literature to determine the overall impact these variations may have on clinical outcomes.
Coronary Heart Disease Prognosis Using Machine-Learning Techniques on Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Pimentel Angela , Gamboa Hugo , Almeida Isa Maria , Matos Pedro , Ribeiro Rogério T. , Raposo João
Published: September 2018

Heart diseases and stroke are the number one cause of death and disability among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Clinicians and health authorities for many years have expressed interest in identifying individuals at increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Our main objective is to develop a prognostic workflow of CHD in T2D patients using a Holter dataset. This workflow development will be based on machine learning techniques by testing a variety of classifiers and subsequent selection of the best performing system. It will also assess the impact of feature selection and bootstrapping techniques over these systems. Among a variety of classifiers such as Naive Bayes (NB), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Alternating Decision Tree (ADT), Random Tree (RT) and K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), the best performing classifier is NB. We achieved an area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 68,06% and 74,33% for a prognosis of 3 and 4 years, respectively.
Performance of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)
Authors: Dubey Deepika , Dubey Deepanshu , Singh Uday Pratap
Published: September 2018

A service-oriented architecture is combination of services having different platforms for implementation. These services are combined, used by, and communicate with each other. The communication is done by massage or data passing. Communication is done by interacting with each other based on different platforms. Chronic diseases are long-term illness that require observation with heavy treatments by the doctors and special attention by family members. Chronic diseases are Alzheimer's disease, Addiction, Autoimmune diseases, Blindness, Rheumatoid arthritis, Chronic renal failure, Chronic Kidney Disease, Deafness and hearing impairment, Hypertension, Mental illness, Thyroid disease, Blood Pressure abnormalities.
The Forking Paths Revisited
Authors: Mendes da Silva Bruno , Tavares Mirian Nogueira , Reia-Batista Vítor , António Rui
Published: September 2018

Based on the triad, film-interactivity-experimentation, the applied research project, The Forking Paths, developed at the Centre for Research in Arts and Communication (CIAC) endeavors to find alternative narrative forms in the field of cinema and, more specifically, in the subfield of interactive cinema. The films in the project invest in the interconnectivity between the film narrative and the viewer, who is given the possibility to be more active and engaged. At same time, the films undertake a research on the development of audio-visual language. The project is available at an online platform, which aims to foster the creation and web hosting of other interactive cinema projects in its different variables. This chapter focuses on the three films completed up to the moment: Haze, The Book of the Dead, and Waltz.
Building Virtual Driving Environments From Computer-Made Projects
Authors: Campos Carlos José , Pinto Hugo Filipe , Leitão João Miguel , Pereira João Paulo , Coelho António Fernando , Rodrigues Carlos Manuel
Published: September 2018

The virtual environments used in scientific driving simulation experiments require extensive 3D models of road landscapes, correctly modeled and similar to those found in the real world. The modeling task of these environments, addressing the terrain definition and the specific characteristics required by the target applications, may result in a complex and time-consuming process. This chapter presents a procedural method to model large terrain definitions and adjust the roadside landscape to produce well-constructed road environments. The proposed procedural method allows merging an externally modeled road into a terrain definition, providing an integrated generation of driving environments. The road and terrain models are optimized to interactive visualization in real time, by applying most state-of-art techniques like the level of detail selection and spatial hierarchization. The proposed method allows modeling large road environments, with the realism and quality required to perform experimental studies in driving simulators.
The History of Unreason
Authors: Teague Samuel , Robinson Peter
Published: September 2018

This chapter reflects on the importance of the historical narrative of mental illness, arguing that Western countries have sought new ways to confine the mentally ill in the post-asylum era, namely through the effects of stigma and medicalization. The walls are invisible, when once they were physical. The chapter outlines how health and illness can be understood as socially constructed illustrating how mental health has been constructed uniquely across cultures and over time. To understand this process more fully, it is necessary to consider the history of madness, a story of numerous social flashpoints. The trajectories of two primary mental health narratives are charted in this chapter. The authors argue that these narratives have played, and continue to play, an important role in the social construction of mental illness. These narratives are “confinement” and “individual responsibility.” Drawing on the work of Michel Foucault and Roy Porter, the authors describe how Western culture has come to consider the mentally ill as a distinct, abnormal other.
Mental Health Access Issues by People of Refugee Backgrounds in Australia
Authors: wa Mungai Ndungi , Ninnis Jeanette , Bailey Ruth (Isobel)
Published: September 2018

This chapter presents a critical discussion on the understanding and access of mental health services by people from diverse refugee backgrounds delivered in a Western cultural setting. Mental health services are heavily influenced by a biomedical approach, but there is a growing understanding of the importance of culture and biopsychosocial approaches. This chapter highlights some of the institutional and cultural issues that need to be addressed for the services to be effective. Practical approaches that have worked in different places are explored and critically discussed. A recovery-oriented model that recognizes that the individual is part of the community and the importance of spirituality are canvassed.
Individual Funding for People With Mental Health Issues
Authors: David Christina , Laragy Carmel , Hudson Elizabeth
Published: September 2018

This chapter outlines the key features of individual funding programs and examines their suitability for people with mental illness. This is a contested area with some writers concerned that mental illness is different from other types of disability and unsuitable for individual funding. The recovery model and the episodic nature of mental illness are seen as conflicting with individual funding eligibility criteria for consistent and permanent disability. The counter view is that flexible individual funding is ideally suited to meeting the fluctuating needs of people with mental illness: its key principles of empowerment and self-direction being consistent with the recovery paradigm. Evidence from Australian and international studies is reviewed, suggesting that successful outcomes can be achieved if the necessary supports and resources are available to meet people's needs.
Working With Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People in Care Relationships
Authors: Aleksandrs Gabriel
Published: September 2018

This chapter details some key considerations for health and human services professionals working with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in care relationships. Reflecting on the impacts of stigma and discrimination as well as the social, cultural, and political contexts of LGBT communities and carers, this chapter will explore some of ways these factors (as well as heterosexist and cis-genderist assumptions about families and partners) impact the identification, support, and recognition of LGBT people in care relationships. Finally, this chapter will recommend strategies to reduce poor mental health and wellbeing outcomes among people in care relationships where one or all people involved are LGBT, and explore some key actions that may assist health and human services better support and include LGBT people in care relationships.
Mental Health Education and Literacy in Schools
Authors: Dale Matthew
Published: September 2018

This chapter will look at the current situation concerning youth mental health in Australia and provide information about youth mental health literacy, which was first coined by Jorm in 1997. A literature review of current Australian mental health promotion and education programs being offered in schools will be conducted as well as examples of some of the better-known ones that have been implemented internationally. The evolution of mental health education in Australian schools will be examined so as to provide a perspective of how some of the current programs came into being or existence. The main aim of this chapter will be to highlight the high prevalence of mental illness that exists amongst young people in Australia and how implementing mental health education in schools can be beneficial and helpful in improving their mental health and wellbeing. Mental health education in schools can help in breaking down the stigma surrounding mental illness. Another benefit is that young people will be able to identify mental health problems earlier amongst their peers and in themselves, which can lead to early help seeking, especially due to young people gaining a higher level of mental health literacy through mental health education programs.
Encouraging Social Inclusion for Older Adults Through “Interest”-Led Technology Use
Authors: Beh Jeanie , Mascitelli Bruno , Pedell Sonja
Published: September 2018

There are many misconceptions about older adults' capabilities and aspirations, and especially their attitudes and approach towards technology. They are often misunderstood and seen as uninterested and unmotivated to engage with use of technology. Due to an absence of an “interest” framework for older adults to learn mobile touch screen technologies, this chapter investigates the role that pre-existing interests play in older adults' adoption of technology. Can a curriculum guided only by pre-existing interests of older adults, rather than a structured curriculum have a positive influence on its adoption for mobile touch screen technologies? The results show that when older adults are taught according to requests based on their pre-existing interests, it encouraged long-term adoption of technology including building up their confidence in usage of mobile touch screen technologies.
Cyber Behaviors in Seeking Health Information
Authors: Yuan Xiaojun (Jenny) , Pino José A.
Published: September 2018

This chapter discusses health information seeking (HIS) behavior in general and then collaborative HIS behavior in terms of the current status, the representative researchers and their work, and challenges and future directions. All aspects of collaborative HIS constitute a wide field, and thus, this paper focuses on the HIS social dimension and explores how collaborative HIS could contribute to promoting people's positive health behavior. Afterwards, collaborative information seeking systems are introduced, and future directions and conclusion are discussed.
Peer-to-Peer Health-Related Online Support Groups
Authors: Coulson Neil S.
Published: September 2018

In recent years, the internet has provided new opportunities for individuals living with health-related problems to communicate with each other via online support groups. These groups offer many unique advantages, such as convenience, anonymity, and access to a diverse range of group members. However, there are potential disadvantages to their use, for example, misleading information. Within such groups, patients may talk about a range of issues and provide support to one another, particularly informational and emotional support. Through self-disclosure and empathic communication, members may feel able to share personal stories as well as help others. While robust evidence for their effectiveness is lacking, there is much qualitative and cross-sectional evidence suggesting that participation in online support groups may be beneficial. However, there is an urgent need for randomized controlled trials of pure peer-to-peer online support interventions across both physical and mental health conditions.
Integrating Web-Based Technologies Into the Education and Training of Health Professionals
Authors: D'Abundo Michelle Lee , Sidman Cara
Published: September 2018

The integration of online learning and instruction into the education and training of health professionals continues to gain popularity. Curriculums that have previously been thought to be inappropriate for web-based delivery are now being offered online. Innovations in online learning and instruction have improved the delivery of web-based education and have provided educational opportunities for many that were “unreachable” by traditional classrooms. In this chapter, a description of how computer-based technologies are being applied in the training and continuing education of health professionals is provided. Suggestions for creating online learning and instruction for education and training in healthcare are provided.
Cyberbullying Among Malaysian Children Based on Research Evidence
Authors: Yusuf Sarina , Hassan Md. Salleh Hj. , Ibrahim Adamkolo Mohammed Mohammed
Published: September 2018

Previous studies have highlighted that the internet offers various online opportunities to users, for example, children, and that the internet possesses great potential to boost their education and provide health information. Scholars have emphasized the great utility of the internet in successfully raising awareness regarding children's online safety issues and enhancing social relationships. However, despite the positive effects of the internet, it has negative effects as well. Nowadays, children and adolescents are increasingly using the internet at younger ages, through diverse platforms and devices, and there have been rising concerns about children's safety online. The chapter investigated the level of cyberbullying among Malaysian children and discovered that the level of cyberbullying among Malaysian children is moderate. However, since the results of the study found a majority of the children surveyed had experienced cyberbullying at least once, there is a likelihood that cyberbullying could become a menace to the Malaysian child online.
Data Mining Techniques and Applications
Authors: Rahman Nayem
Published: September 2018

Data mining has been gaining attention with the complex business environments, as a rapid increase of data volume and the ubiquitous nature of data in this age of the internet and social media. Organizations are interested in making informed decisions with a complete set of data including structured and unstructured data that originate both internally and externally. Different data mining techniques have evolved over the last two decades. To solve a wide variety of business problems, different data mining techniques are developed. Practitioners and researchers in industry and academia continuously develop and experiment varieties of data mining techniques. This article provides an overview of data mining techniques that are widely used in different fields to discover knowledge and solve business problems. This article provides an update on data mining techniques based on extant literature as of 2018. That might help practitioners and researchers to have a holistic view of data mining techniques.
Trabalho, formação e TDAH: uma análise fundamentada na Teoria Crítica da Sociedade
Authors: Valente Andrea Lunardelli , Moura Simone Moreira de
Published: September 2018

Este ensaio teórico está fundamentado em autores da Teoria Crítica da Sociedade e visa a analisara desatenção e a hiperatividade em âmbito escolar,considerando a configuração da sociedade, da cultura e as pressões sociais inerentes à atualidade. A hipótese é a de que compreender o trabalho como categoria de análise das transformações sociais permite refletir sobre os objetivos que norteiam o processo de formação dos indivíduos, redimensionando a compreensão acerca do sujeito considerado desatento e hiperativo para além de diagnósticos médicos e psicológicos. O presente estudo justifica-se pelo crescente consumo de medicamento por parte de crianças e adolescentes diagnosticados com Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) que são encaminhados a partir da escola para os serviços de saúde.