bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DETERMINATION OF PARKING SPACE AND ITS CONCURRENT USAGE OVER TIME USING SEMANTICALLY SEGMENTED MOBILE MAPPING DATA
Authors: Leichter A. , Feuerhake U. , Sester M.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Public space is a scarce good in cities. There are many concurrent usages, which makes an adequate allocation of space both difficult and highly attractive. A lot of space is allocated by parking cars – even if the parking spaces are not occupied by cars all the time. In this work, we analyze space demand and usage by parking cars, in order to evaluate, when this space could be used for other purposes. The analysis is based on 3D point clouds acquired at several times during a day. We propose a processing pipeline to extract car bounding boxes from a given 3D point cloud. For the car extraction we utilize a label transfer technique for transfers from semantically segmented 2D RGB images to 3D point cloud data. This semantically segmented 3D data allows us to identify car instances. Subsequently, we aggregate and analyze information about parking cars. We present an exemplary analysis of the urban area where we extracted 15.000 cars at five different points in time. Based on this aggregated we present analytical results for time dependent parking behavior, parking space availability and utilization.
BIM ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR DECISION SUPPORT IN E-HEALTH
Authors: Plaß B. , Prudhomme C. , Ponciano J. J.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Looking ahead of 2070, the number of the elderly population will increase rapidly in the European Union and beyond. As society ages, it will be confronted to novel challenges related with other concerns like the concept aging in place that the majority of the elderly prefer. Concerning that, the living space must be adapted to the requirements of people with a disability, to support their relatives or friends that will become more and more important in future due to a lack of professional’s and both overstressed and expensive hospitals or nursing homes. Compounding this, those living space requirements are highly individual, depending on the disease. Our study focuses on a medical white box decision support system providing advice even for unknowledgeable users by evaluating the suitability of an elderly’s living environment in terms of their individual disease. In this paper, we propose tackling this issue with a decision support system linked to Building Information Modeling (BIM) and based on Artificial Intelligence using semantic technologies. The proposed approach's contribution is a reliable process that uses up-to-date 3D point cloud data of the person’s living environment and predicts suitable, non-suitable and adaptable zones therein according to different pathologies using formalised knowledge. We are able to provide deep expert knowledge linked from different domains inside a knowledge base and thus produce an outcome through BIM, which is understandable and helpful for two types of users, ordinary people concerned by the matter and building experts. We illustrate our methodology by a proof of concept concerning a wheel-chaired person.
AUTOMATIC SEGMENTATION OF POINT CLOUDS IN THE ARCHITECTURE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Romero-Jarén R. , Arranz J. J. , Navas-Sánchez L. , Erduran E. , Martínez-Cuevas S. , Benito B.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Correct and reliable identification and classification of different structures and infrastructures that make up a city (e.g. residential buildings, school buildings, hospitals, power stations, routes of communication, etc.) are of great importance for the AEC/FM (Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Facilities Management) domain and for seismic risk assessments, among others. For decades, the method of collecting buildings information has been through field campaigns. This practice requires significant resources in terms of qualified engineers or architects to identify the geometry of the different elements that constitute the structure, building materials and construction processes. Nowadays, there are different geospatial techniques that allow data acquisition on a massive scale in a short period of time. In particular, by means of laser measurements, it is possible to have clouds of millions of points with geometric and radiometric information in a matter of seconds. In this article, we present ABM-indoor, a LIDAR-based approach that automatically provides a three-dimensional models of buildings in vector format. Models include floors, ceilings, walls (up to five dominant directions), columns, elements located on floors and elements hanging from ceilings. Efforts are underway to transfer this model to a Building Information Model (BIM).
EXPLORING CROSS-CITY SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION OF ALS POINT CLOUDS
Authors: Xie Y. , Schindler K. , Tian J. , Zhu X. X.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Deep learning models achieve excellent semantic segmentation results for airborne laser scanning (ALS) point clouds, if sufficient training data are provided. Increasing amounts of annotated data are becoming publicly available thanks to contributors from all over the world. However, models trained on a specific dataset typically exhibit poor performance on other datasets. I.e., there are significant domain shifts, as data captured in different environments or by distinct sensors have different distributions. In this work, we study this domain shift and potential strategies to mitigate it, using two popular ALS datasets: the ISPRS Vaihingen benchmark from Germany and the LASDU benchmark from China. We compare different training strategies for cross-city ALS point cloud semantic segmentation. In our experiments, we analyse three factors that may lead to domain shift and affect the learning: point cloud density, LiDAR intensity, and the role of data augmentation. Moreover, we evaluate a well-known standard method of domain adaptation, deep CORAL (Sun and Saenko, 2016). In our experiments, adapting the point cloud density and appropriate data augmentation both help to reduce the domain gap and improve segmentation accuracy. On the contrary, intensity features can bring an improvement within a dataset, but deteriorate the generalisation across datasets. Deep CORAL does not further improve the accuracy over the simple adaptation of density and data augmentation, although it can mitigate the impact of improperly chosen point density, intensity features, and further dataset biases like lack of diversity.
COMAP: A SYNTHETIC DATASET FOR COLLECTIVE MULTI-AGENT PERCEPTION OF AUTONOMOUS DRIVING
Authors: Yuan Y. , Sester M.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Collective perception of connected vehicles can sufficiently increase the safety and reliability of autonomous driving by sharing perception information. However, collecting real experimental data for such scenarios is extremely expensive. Therefore, we built a computational efficient co-simulation synthetic data generator through CARLA and SUMO simulators. The simulated data contain image and point cloud data as well as ground truth for object detection and semantic segmentation tasks. To verify the superior performance gain of collective perception over single-vehicle perception, we conducted experiments of vehicle detection, which is one of the most important perception tasks for autonomous driving, on this data set. A 3D object detector and a Bird’s Eye View (BEV) detector are trained and then test with different configurations of the number of cooperative vehicles and vehicle communication ranges. The experiment results showed that collective perception can not only dramatically increase the overall mean detection accuracy but also the localization accuracy of detected bounding boxes. Besides, a vehicle detection comparison experiment showed that the detection performance drop caused by sensor observation noise can be canceled out by redundant information collected by multiple vehicles.
ADAPTIVE AND NON-ADAPTIVE FUSION ALGORITHMS ANALYSIS FOR DIGITAL SURFACE MODEL GENERATED USING CENSUS AND CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Albanwan H. , Qin R.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The digital surface models (DSM) fusion algorithms are one of the ongoing challenging problems to enhance the quality of 3D models, especially for complex regions with variable radiometric and geometric distortions like satellite datasets. DSM generation using Multiview stereo analysis (MVS) is the most common cost-efficient approach to recover elevations. Algorithms like Census-semi global matching (SGM) and Convolutional Neural Networks (MC-CNN) have been successfully implemented to generate the disparity and recover DSMs; however, their performances are limited when matching stereo pair images with ill-posed regions, low texture, dense texture, occluded, or noisy, which can yield missing or incorrect elevation values, in additions to fuzzy boundaries. DSM fusion algorithms have proven to tackle such problems, but their performance may vary based on the quality of the input and the type of fusion which can be classified into adaptive and non-adaptive. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of the adaptive and nonadaptive fusion methods using median filter, adaptive median filter, K-median clustering fusion, weighted average fusion, and adaptive spatiotemporal fusion for DSM generated using Census and MC-CNN. We perform our evaluation on 9 testing regions using stereo pair images from Worldview-3 satellite to generate DSMs using Census and MC-CNN. Our results show that adaptive fusion algorithms are more accurate than non-adaptive algorithms in predicting elevations due to their ability to learn from temporal and contextual information. Our results also show that MC-CNN produces better fusion results with a lower overall average RMSE than Census.
LABEL-EFFICIENT DEEP LEARNING-BASED SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION OF BUILDING POINT CLOUDS AT LOD3 LEVEL
Authors: Cao Y. , Scaioni M.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. In recent research, fully supervised Deep Learning (DL) techniques and large amounts of pointwise labels are employed to train a segmentation network to be applied to buildings’ point clouds. However, fine-labelled buildings’ point clouds are hard to find and manually annotating pointwise labels is time-consuming and expensive. Consequently, the application of fully supervised DL for semantic segmentation of buildings’ point clouds at LoD3 level is severely limited. To address this issue, we propose a novel label-efficient DL network that obtains per-point semantic labels of LoD3 buildings’ point clouds with limited supervision. In general, it consists of two steps. The first step (Autoencoder – AE) is composed of a Dynamic Graph Convolutional Neural Network-based encoder and a folding-based decoder, designed to extract discriminative global and local features from input point clouds by reconstructing them without any label. The second step is semantic segmentation. By supplying a small amount of task-specific supervision, a segmentation network is proposed for semantically segmenting the encoded features acquired from the pre-trained AE. Experimentally, we evaluate our approach based on the ArCH dataset. Compared to the fully supervised DL methods, we find that our model achieved state-of-the-art results on the unseen scenes, with only 10% of labelled training data from fully supervised methods as input.
SAR-BASED COASTLINE DETECTION AND MONITORING
Authors: Mazzolini M. , Manzoni M. , Monti-Guarnieri A. V. , Petrushevsky N.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The coastal environment is among the most fragile regions on our planet. Its efficient monitoring is crucial to properly manage human and natural resources located in this environment where a large portion of our population lives. The objective of this contribution is to design and develop a new set of methods suitable for detecting and tracking the coastline. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technology is chosen because of the characteristic response from water and the acquisition consistency allowed by constant illumination, day-and-night, and all-weather functioning. The proposed iterative detection method is based on superpixel segmentation. The resulting superpixels are filtered and then partitioned in land and water classes based on their median backscattering with Otsu’s algorithm. The rationale is that the segmentation can follow the coastline before the filtering can degrade the spatial resolution. A quantitative assessment of the results measures the distance to a manually-detected shoreline for the Lizard Island case study; the average distance is 12.63 m, with 80% of the sampled points within 20 m. The innovative coastline monitoring process exploits the consistency of SAR by analyzing a long time series. After a season-wise grouping, the land-water index is introduced to erase the time oscillation of water backscattering caused by different sea states. The proposed index is modeled in time on a pixel basis. A visualization technique that exploits the HSV codification of the color space highlights where and when changes happened. A case study for this technique is carried out over the Reentrancias Maranhenses natural area. A quality assessment shows good accordance with optical data that depicts the region’s dynamic.
Formation of ribbed bedforms below shear margins and lobes of palaeo-ice streams
Authors: Vérité Jean , Ravier Édouard , Bourgeois Olivier , Pochat Stéphane , Lelandais Thomas , Mourgues Régis , Clark Christopher D. , Bessin Paul , Peigné David , Atkinson Nigel
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Conceptual ice stream land systems derived from geomorphological and
sedimentological observations provide constraints on
ice–meltwater–till–bedrock interactions on palaeo-ice stream beds. Within
these land systems, the spatial distribution and formation processes of
ribbed bedforms remain unclear. We explore the conditions under which these
bedforms may develop and their spatial organization with (i) an experimental
model that reproduces the dynamics of ice streams and subglacial land systems
and (ii) an analysis of the distribution of ribbed bedforms on selected
examples of palaeo-ice stream beds of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. We find that
a specific kind of ribbed bedform can develop subglacially through soft-bed
deformation, where the ice flow undergoes lateral or longitudinal velocity
gradients and the ice–bed interface is unlubricated; oblique ribbed bedforms
develop beneath lateral shear margins, whereas transverse ribbed bedforms
develop below frontal lobes. We infer that (i) ribbed bedforms strike
orthogonally to the compressing axis of the horizontal strain ellipse of the
ice surface and (ii) their development reveals distinctive types of
subglacial drainage patterns: linked cavities below lateral shear margins
and efficient meltwater channels below frontal lobes. These ribbed bedforms
may act as convenient geomorphic markers to reconstruct lateral and frontal
margins, constrain ice flow dynamics, and infer meltwater drainage
characteristics of palaeo-ice streams.
Sensitivity of the Greenland surface mass and energy balance to uncertainties in key model parameters
Authors: Zolles Tobias , Born Andreas
Published: June 2021

Abstract. We investigate the sensitivity of a distributed glacier surface mass and energy balance model using a variance-based analysis, for two distinct periods of the last glacial cycle: the present day (PD) and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The results can be summarized in three major findings: the sensitivity towards individual model parameters and parameterizations is as variable in space as it is in time. The model is most sensitive to uncertainty related to atmospheric emissivity and the down-welling longwave radiation. While the turbulent latent heat flux has a sizable contribution to the surface mass balance uncertainty in central Greenland today, it dominates over the entire ice sheet during the cold climate of the LGM, in spite of its low impact on the overall surface mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet in the modern climate. We conclude that quantifying the model sensitivity is very helpful for tuning free model parameters because it clarifies the relative importance of individual parameters and highlights interactions between them that need to be considered.
Sea ice thickness from air-coupled flexural waves
Authors: Romeyn Rowan , Hanssen Alfred , Ruud Bent Ole , Johansen Tor Arne
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Air-coupled flexural waves (ACFWs) appear as wave trains of
constant frequency that arrive in advance of the direct air wave from an
impulsive source travelling over a floating ice sheet. The frequency of
these waves varies with the flexural stiffness of the ice sheet, which is
controlled by a combination of thickness and elastic properties. We develop
a theoretical framework to understand these waves, utilizing modern
numerical and Fourier methods to give a simpler and more accessible
description than the pioneering yet unwieldy analytical efforts of the
1950s. Our favoured dynamical model can be understood in terms of linear
filter theory and is closely related to models used to describe the flexural
waves produced by moving vehicles on floating plates. We find that
air-coupled flexural waves are a real and measurable component of the total
wave field of floating ice sheets excited by impulsive sources, and we present
a simple closed-form estimator for the ice thickness based on observable
properties of the air-coupled flexural waves. Our study is focused on
first-year sea ice of ∼ 20–80 cm thickness in Van
Mijenfjorden, Svalbard, that was investigated through active source seismic
experiments over four field campaigns in 2013, 2016, 2017 and 2018. The
air-coupled flexural wave for the sea ice system considered in this study
occurs at a constant frequency thickness product of ∼ 48 Hz m.
Our field data include ice ranging from ∼ 20–80 cm thickness
with corresponding air-coupled flexural frequencies from 240 Hz for the
thinnest ice to 60 Hz for the thickest ice. While air-coupled flexural waves
for thick sea ice have received little attention, the readily audible,
higher frequencies associated with thin ice on freshwater lakes and rivers
are well known to the ice-skating community and have been reported in
popular media. The results of this study and further examples from lake ice
suggest the possibility of non-contact estimation of ice thickness using
simple, inexpensive microphones located above the ice sheet or along the
shoreline. While we have demonstrated the use of air-coupled flexural waves
for ice thickness monitoring using an active source acquisition scheme,
naturally forming cracks in the ice are also shown as a potential impulsive
source that could allow passive recording of air-coupled flexural waves.
Impact of dynamic snow density on GlobSnow snow water equivalent retrieval accuracy
Authors: Venäläinen Pinja , Luojus Kari , Lemmetyinen Juha , Pulliainen Jouni , Moisander Mikko , Takala Matias
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Snow water equivalent (SWE) is an important variable in
describing global seasonal snow cover. Traditionally, SWE has been measured
manually at snow transects or using observations from weather stations.
However, these measurements have a poor spatial coverage, and a good
alternative to in situ measurements is to use spaceborne passive microwave
observations, which can provide global coverage at daily timescales. The
reliability and accuracy of SWE estimates made using spaceborne microwave
radiometer data can be improved by assimilating radiometer observations with
weather station snow depth observations as done in the GlobSnow SWE
retrieval methodology. However, one possible source of uncertainty in the
GlobSnow SWE retrieval approach is the constant snow density used in
modelling emission of snow. In this paper, three versions of spatially and
temporally varying snow density fields were implemented using snow transect
data from Eurasia and Canada and automated snow observations from the United States. Snow
density fields were used to post-process the baseline GlobSnow v.3.0 SWE
product. Decadal snow density information, i.e. fields where snow density
for each day of the year was taken as the mean calculated for the
corresponding day over 10 years, was found to produce the best results.
Overall, post-processing GlobSnow SWE retrieval with dynamic snow density
information improved overestimation of small SWE values and underestimation
of large SWE values, though underestimation of SWE values larger than 175 mm
was still significant.
Reflection and reflexivity: The archive and the creative process
Authors: Green Michael Cawood
Published: June 2021

This article attempts to address some of the limitations currently felt by creative practitioners in the UK (with wider implications) when presenting their practise-led work as research. Taking as a starting point the self-reflective critical component generally accepted as a key criterion in the recognition of practice as research, I ask if a case may be made for metafictional devices being recognised as legitimate forms of practice research methodology. Using a current creative work in progress that focusses on the question of how one may represent the past without simply appropriating it to one’s own position, I investigate whether it is possible for a self-reflexive component internal to the creative work to fulfil the requirements for the formal recognition of practice as research within the UK’s research structures and processes whilst also serving as an inter-generative, vital part of the creative process.
Peculiar integrations: Adaptations, experimentations and authorships in The Long Weekend in Alice Springs
Authors: Scott Ronnie , MacFarlane Elizabeth
Published: June 2021

This paper investigates approaches to authorship in The Long Weekend in Alice Springs (2013), a graphic adaptation by the Australian artist Joshua Santospirito of a psychoanalytic essay by Craig San Roque (2004). Because the subject of both essay and adapted text is the ability of stories to have lasting effects over time in a space of crisis, this unusual adaptation establishes itself as an unusual site of authorship, whereby multiple authorships create a complicated authority, and stories themselves are shown to be significant. Through its variable positioning of the different roles undertaken by the author, the adaptation struggles with the ongoing challenge of appropriating Indigenous storytelling and suggests a possible way to discuss these stories from the outside. Through analysing paratextual materials and the work itself, this paper shows how nonfiction comics can both convey stories and separate themselves from stories through destabilising notions of creation and authorship.
El transporte en el reino de Granada (siglo XVIII
Authors: Ruiz Álvarez Raúl Ruiz
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un primer acercamiento al transporte en el reino de Granada en siglo XVIII. Para ello, a partir de la documentación del Catastro de Ensenada, se han desarrollado dos líneas principales de indagación: en primer lugar, se plantean algunas características y debates sobre el estudio del transporte, la fuente y las categorías profesionales, y, en segundo lugar, unos datos iniciales sobre el peso del transporte en las diferentes comarcas y su relación con los polos económicos y los caminos. Esta investigación constituye el paso previo y la base necesaria para acometer una investigación de mayor alcance, centrada en los transportistas pertenecientes a la Real Cabaña de Carreteros, Cabañiles, Jabarderos y Trajineros de la jurisdicción de la Real Chancillería de Granada.
Study Habits, Self-Esteem, and Academic Achievement Among Public and Private Secondary School Students in Bangladesh
Authors: ISLAM Md. Nurul
Published: June 2021

Studies on academic achievement worldwide are sporadic, focusing on variables more or less have been taken by the researchers, and provided knowledge. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine how the school effect influences secondary school students' academic achievements by two important significant (study habits and self-esteem). With a covenient sampling method, 400 students from eight secondary schools in Bangladesh were selected for the study. Though the students were equally divided regarding gender (Boys, 200; Girls, 200), they were different regarding school types (Public, 188; Private, 212). Their ages range from 14 to 17, with an average of 14.8. They provided responses on two Bangla version scales: Study Habit Scale and Self-Esteem Scale. Academic achievement was significantly positively correlated with both study habits (r=.268, p<.01) and self-esteem (r=.291, p<.01). Two predictors of the study were also correlated with each other (r=.283, p<.01). Public and private school students were not varied significantly in studying habits and academic achievement, but they were significantly different in self-esteem. The study habits and self-esteem jointly explained 12.3% for public school students' academic achievement whileit explained 7.5% variance for the private school students. The discussion implies that how students’ study habits and self-esteem facilitate their academic achievement. Further studies will reflect more factors influencing academic achievement.
An Investigation into the Development of the Force and Energy Unit through STEM Integration in Science Course and its Effects on Students' Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: EVCİM İsmail , ARSLAN Mustafa
Published: June 2021

In this study, to examine the change in individuals' critical thinking skills, a new unit was developed in which STEM was integrated. The outcomes of this 7th-grade unit were selected from related disciplines. During the learning process of the developed Force and Energy unit, it was aimed that individuals could make judgments by gaining critical thinking skills and evaluate events in a multi-dimensional way. In this study, which lasted for five weeks, the developed unit was used to conduct lessons with the experimental group (N=25) while the control group (N=25) was traditionally taught. The Critical Thinking Scales developed by Demir (2006a) were used in the research process. Before the implementation, no significant difference was found between the experimental and control groups regarding critical thinking skills, but after the implementation, a significant difference was observed in favour of the experimental group. When the scores obtained from the sub-scales (interpretation and explanation) were compared, a significant difference was found in favour of the experimental group. When the changes in the experimental and control groups were examined, there was no significant change in the control group students, but a significant change was found in favour of the experimental group. These changes occurred in the evaluation, Interpretation, and explanation sub-scales of the critical thinking scale. Based on these data, it can be said that the critical thinking skills of individuals who receive STEM education improve. Accordingly, making use of different disciplines simultaneously while designing a product in STEM education is an important factor in the development of individuals' critical thinking skills. Thus, teachers should carry out this process effectively.
Kocaeli Limanları TalepTahmini
Authors: DOĞUSEL Vedat
Published: June 2021

Türkiye’de denizcilik sektörü kamu ve özel girişimler sayesinde gün geçtikçe gelişme göstermektedir. Ticaret ve sanayi merkezi olmasının yanında aynı zamanda coğrafi konumu sayesinde lojistik sektörü açısından da büyük bir öneme sahip olan Kocaeli bu gelişmeler ışığında en önemli deniz hudut kapılardan biri konumuna gelmiştir. Küresel yahut yerel ticarette faaliyet gösteren her işletme, ister büyük ister küçük çaplı olsun pazar, müşteri ve genel ekonomi hakkında bazı öngörülerde bulunmak ister. Bahsi geçen işletmelerden biri olan limanlar için de talep tahini büyük önem arz etmektedir. Liman operasyonlarının ve liman altyapı/üstyapı hizmetlerinin sekteye uğramadan devamlılığını sağlaması, trafik düzeninin karmaşıklığa yol açmaması, güvenlik açıklığı yaşanmaması, doğal ve mali kaynakların verimli kullanımının sağlanması ve tüm benzer arz-talep uyumsuzluğunun sonuçlarından kaçınmak için limanlarda talep tahminine başvurulmaktadır. Çalışmada yer verilen çoklu regresyon analizinde; 2009 ile 2020 yılları arası Türkiye’deki toplam yük (ton) ve toplam elleçlenen konteyner (adet) verileri bağımlı değişkenler, 2009 ile 2020 yılları arası Türkiye’ye ait GSYİH, ithalat, ihracat ve nüfus rakamları bağımsız değişkenler olarak yer almıştır. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda; toplam yük olarak değerlendirildiğinde Kocaeli limanlarının uzun vadede yeni bir kapasiteye ihtiyacının olmadığı, konteyner açısından değerlendirildiğinde ise mevcut 3.7 milyon TEU kapasitenin 2033 yılında itibaren yetmeyeceği ve Kocaeli’nde yeni konteyner kapasitesine ihtiyaç olacağı sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
Alternatívne spôsoby formovania bezpečnosti človeka
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Pieczywok Andrzej , Majchút Ivan ,   Akadémia ozbrojených síl gen. M. R. Štefánika
Published: June 2021

In the current reality of threats, the issue of shaping human security requires changes in space and processes. Recently, it is possible to observe an increasing scope and determination of human threats as well as ways to combat them. There are many doubts and questions about the quality of safety education. The solution is an attempt to find alternative forms and ways of education. The aim of this article is to draw attention to alternative ways of shaping the perception of human security in the context of the implementation of safety education. The basic structure of the article consists of two parts: the areas of human threats at present and alternative solutions to human security education.
Opatrenia na ochranu síl proti teroristickým hrozbám
Authors:   Akadémia ozbrojených síl generála M. R. Štefánika, Bakič Martin
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the article is to point out the importance of the problem and the significance of the topic of the 21” century with all the means necessary to implement force protection conditions against terrorist threats in the United States of America (USA) and in Slovak Republic. The aim of the article is to compare the structure, to define and explain the significance with a clear implementation of force protection conditions (FPCONs) as they are understood in the requirements of the USA and as they are understood in the requirements of the Slovak Republic. At the same time, the aim of the article is to clarify the methods of FPCONs against terrorist threats in the USA and in Slovak Republic, which based on elimination by timely planned processes and prepared FPCONs can be reduced to the required minimum.
Brigádní protiútok
Authors:   Univerzita obrany, Fakulta vojenského leadershipu, Katedra vševojskové taktiky, Flasar Zdeněk , Zezula Jan ,   Univerzita obrany, Fakulta vojenského leadershipu, Katedra vševojskové taktiky
Published: June 2021

According to prepared scenarios for deployment the forces, the authors publish the Results of their research, generally accepted principles of preparation and conducting of counterattack by a brigade task force, after or during the defense. The paper summarizes principles and conditions of a successful counterattack, which are then compared with real outputs from the evaluation of LIVEX and CAX of the Czech mechanized brigade, including verification of selected principles using model simulation of a counterattack brigade task force. The article addresses the principles and attributes, that effect the success of the counterattack, with emphasis on the moment of placement of the battalion in the counterattack.
Crónica breve de un etnocidio o génesis del mito del " Gran Vacío Amazónico"
Authors: Santos Granero Fernando
Published: June 2021

Describir el tipo de relación entablada entre una etnia andina: los Chupaychu, y una etnia amazónica: los Panatahua en la región de los Andes Centrales del Perú. En la primera sección expondré el carácter bi-modal de la relación entre el Imperio Inka y las etnias amazónicas del río Huallaga en la región de Huánuco. En la segunda sección describiré el proceso de incorporación sufrido por los Panatahua y sus consecuencias demográficas. La última sección estará dedicada a las consecuencias político-administrativas de este proceso en el siglo XVIII, y cómo el carácter de 'bisagra' de los Panatahua desaparece con su incorporación a la estructura colonial y al mundo propiamente andino.
Concepciones de trabajo y relaciones sociales en el uso de la tierra entre los Machiguenga del Alto Urubamba
Authors: Rosengren Dan
Published: June 2021

En este artículo el autor discute el uso de la tierra como recurso o como mercancía. Señala dos conceptos vigentes en la Amazonía: el del indio amazónico -en este caso el machiguenga- y el del mundo occidental, es decir, el de los migratorios. Valora el uso, por parte de los indígenas, de una amplia variedad de recursos a través de patrones de asentamiento y prácticas de subsistencia que les permitan cubrir sus necesidades sociales, algo que no ocurre entre los migrantes. También examina los diferentes conceptos del proceso de trabajo relacionados con la propiedad y la producción entre indígenas y migrantes y los problemas que resultan de las contradicciones dentro y fuera de la sociedad india.
Piri-piri y su significado en el Shamanismo Secoya
Authors: Cipolletti María Susana
Published: June 2021

Pocas especies vegetales selváticas ofrecen un aspecto tan insignificante al observador desprevenido como esta variedad de pasto, que puede pasar fácilmente desapercibida. Utilizada por numerosas etnias indígenas sudamericanas, juega un papel importante en la farmacopea -se aplica en las mordeduras de víbora- como en otras actividades humanas, ya que se le atribuye la propiedad de aumentar la capacidad de producción de la yuca, de atraer a los peces, etc.
revisión del concepto de cholo en la Amazonía Peruana
Authors: Mora Carlos
Published: June 2021

El presente trabajo es fruto de la reflexión del autor sobre los planteamientos de Michael Chibnik y Anthony Stocks acerca de la existencia o no de un nuevo grupo social en la Amazonía: el Cholo. El análisis se centra principalmente en tres puntos: a) el desarrollo de las condiciones socioeconómicas que dan origen a los procesos de aculturación de la sociedad indígena peruana como elemento fundamental en la constitución de un nuevo tipo social; b) las particularidades del proceso de desarrollo capitalista en la Amazonía y sus impactos en la población,y; c) reflexión sobre los niveles de identidad en los Cocamilla del Bajo Huallaga.
Topografía de la Amazonía Peruana en “Sangama” de Arturo Hernández
Authors: Zevallos Aguilar Ulises Juan
Published: June 2021

En este artículo se examina la contradictoria concepción que tiene la población ribereña sobre la selva en la novela "Sangama" de Arturo Hemández. También se analiza el proyecto de modernización que se desprende de esta concepción. Se señala que este proyecto no es factible debido a que está basado en una visión que en vez de su desarrollo promoverá más bien su destrucción.
Religión y Chamanismo de los Matsigenka (Este Peruano)
Authors: Baer Gerhard
Published: June 2021

En este artículo, el autor intenta una descripción simplificada del concepto religioso de Matsigenka. También analiza el papel del chamán como elemento fundamental para la comprensión de la religión en sí, así como sus aspectos culto, ritual y social evangélico.
Pruebas arqueológicas del cultivo de la yuca: Una nota de advertencia
Authors: DeBoer Warren
Published: June 2021

En los trópicos húmedos de las Américas, donde la preservación de material vegetal reequilibrado es poco probable, la evidencia arqueológica del cultivo de mandioca consiste principalmente en artefactos asociados con el cultivo de mandioca en el registro etnográfico y que, por analogía, se usaron de manera similar en el pasado prehistórico. La validez de esta inferencia por analogía se examina en términos de platos de cerámica y dientes ralladores de piedra, dos de las evidencias más comúnmente citadas para el cultivo de mandioca.
PALANQUINS ON CAMELS AND ELEPHANTS IN THE ISLAMIC WORLD
Authors: Paolini Serena
Published: June 2021

This article analyses the different types of palanquins on camels or elephants used in the Islamic era, paying specific attention to their appearance and evolution over time, their practical function, the use context, the symbolic (religious or political) connotation, and the presence of one or more male or female figures. The almost exclusive use of camels for females and elephants for males (except for palanquins with small pointed pillars), presumably for both practical and symbolic reasons, is notable. In the case of palanquins accommodating more than one person, gender does not seem related to the animal, even though the context (war, ceremony, caravan etc.) usually changes. Lastly, empty palanquins (i.e. those without a traveller, sometimes bearing sacred objects) on camels had a specific symbolic role closely related to both the religious and socio-political spheres.
POMEGRANATE (PUNICA GRANATUM L.) FROM MOTYA AND ITS DEEPEST ORIENTAL ROOTS
Authors: Nigro Lorenzo , Spagnoli Federica
Published: June 2021

Pomegranate remains and representations found in the Phoenician site of Motya in Western Sicily give the cue for a summary study of this plant and its fortune in the Near East and the Mediterranean. Fruits offered in wells, a terracotta relief depicting a pomegranate held by a goddess found in the Sacred Area of the Kothon at Motya, and, especially, a pottery vase in the shape of a pomegranate retrieved inside the Temple of Astarte in the same compound, witness the symbolic transcultural role of this fruit and of the pomegranate tree in ancient Mediterranean, from its farthest oriental origins to modern art and religion
Measuring the Brussels Effect through Access Requests: Has the European General Data Protection Regulation Influenced the Data Protection Rights of Canadian Citizens?
Authors: Mahieu René , Asghari Hadi , Parsons Christopher , van Hoboken Joris , Crete-Nishihata Masashi , Hilts Andrew , Anstis Siena
Published: June 2021

We investigate empirically whether the introduction of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) improved compliance with data protection rights of people who are not formally protected under GDPR. By measuring compliance with the right of access for European Union (EU) and Canadian residents, we find that this is indeed the case. We argue this is likely caused by the Brussels Effect, a mechanism whereby policy diffuses primarily through market mechanisms. We suggest that a willingness to back up its rules with strong enforcement, as it did with the introduction of the GDPR, was the primary driver in allowing the EU to unilaterally affect companies' global behavior.
Book review
Authors: Boutiuc-Kaiser Alina , Comes Nadine
Published: June 2021

Book review
Size sound symbolism in the English lexicon
Authors: Winter Bodo , Perlman Marcus
Published: June 2021

Experimental and cross-linguistic evidence suggests that certain speech sounds are associated with size, especially high front vowels with ‘small’ and low back vowels with ‘large’. However, empirical evidence that speech sounds are statistically associated with magnitude across words within a language has been mixed and open to methodological critique. Here, we used a random-forest analysis of a near-exhaustive set of English size adjectives (e.g.,tiny, gargantuan) to determine whether the English lexicon is characterized by size-symbolic patterns. We show that sound structure is highly predictive of semantic size in size adjectives, most strongly for the phonemes /ɪ/, /i/, /ɑ/, and /t/. In comparison, an analysis of a much larger set of more than 2,500 general vocabulary words rated for size finds no evidence for size sound symbolism, thereby suggesting that size sound symbolism is restricted to size adjectives. Our findings are the first demonstration that size sound symbolism is a statistical property of the English lexicon.
Species criteria in palaeontology and ichnology and the possibilities of using ichnofossils in geology
Authors: Grytsenko Volodymyr
Published: June 2021

Paleontology is a science between biology and geology thus paleontologists use both biological and geological approaches to solve different kinds of problems. One of the main issues for paleontologist is the use of species criteria and species identification. The fossil record shows evidence of evolution of separate phyla and the biosphere in general. A significant part of the biosphere is represented by soft-body animals. The marks of activities different animals have appeared in the fossil record at least from rocks of Ediacaran to modern age. They could be imprints of “sitting” or moving tracks (of invertebrates or vertebrates), evidence of birth (for instance, egg fragments), crawling traces of molluscs, etc. There are a plenty of issues regarding the identification of the nature of ichnofossils. Sometimes it is possible to identify animal species that left their traces or imprints. We observe ichnofossils on the surface and inside sedimentary rocks, but their identification is often impossible. Therefore, an artificial nomenclature is used for the naming of “species” of ichnofossils. Ichnofossils of different age and from various facial conditions are investigated on all continents. Ichnology as a relatively new branch of geology is developing due to the use of modern technological approaches.
Efektifitas Asuhan Keperawatan Dengan Terapi Aroma Lavender Dalam Mengatasi Insomnia di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sei Panas Batam
Authors: Arini Larasuci
Published: June 2021

Program kesehatan di semua kalangan usia, salah satu adalah program untuk lansia  ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan UHH (usia harapan hidup) pada lansia yaitu mengupayakan agar para lansia menikmati masa tua bahagia dan berguna,  memfokuskan  pada upaya promotif dan preventif,  adanya peran serta aktif dan partisipasi lintas sektor, puskesmas sebagai kunci utama dalam pergerakan masyarakat di harapkan melakukan upaya pro aktif berkerja sama dengan tokoh masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan lansia. Insomnia adalah gangguan tidur yang sering dikeluhkan lansia yang ditandai dengan kesulitan untuk tidur dan mempertahankan tidur. Insomnia pada lansia disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, yaitu dari faktor status kesehatan, penggunaan obat-obatan, kondisi lingkungan, stres psikologis, diet/nutrisi, gaya hidup pada usia lanjut. Aromaterapi merupakan salah satu terapi komplementer yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi insomnia. Aromaterapi memiliki efek menenangkan atau rileks untuk beberapa gangguan misalnya mengurangi kecemasan, ketegangan dan insomnia. Tujuan pelaksanaan asuhan keperawatan ini adalah agar lansia dapat mengatasi insomnia yang dialami secara non farmakologis menggunakan aroma terapi lavender. Metode dari penelitian ini adalah studi kasus yang menggunakan asuhan keperawatan meliputi pengkajian, diagnosa, intervensi, implementasi dan evaluasi. Hasil dari pemberian asuhan keperawatan ini adalah dengan pemberian terapi aroma lavender selama 30 menit,  pasien merasa rileks saat akan tidur, sehingga dianggap mampu mengatasi insomnia. Berdasarkan hasil pemberian asuhan ini aroma terapi lavender merupakan salah satu terapi non farmakologis yang dianggap efektif untuk mengatasi insomnia pada lansia. Pada penelitian ini diharapkan pada keluarga dan masyarakat menggunakan terapi aroma terapi sebgai alternatif mengatasi insomnia.
n. 21 - PROJETO EQUIDADE NA EDUCAÇÃO: UMA POLÍTICA PÚBLICA PARA MINIMIZAR AS DESIGUALDADES NA REDE MUNICIPAL DE ENSINO DE CURITIBA (2014-2016)
Authors: Roballo Roberlayne De Oliveira Borges , Almeida Tirzá Ben-Hur de
Published: June 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma política de educação prioritária implementada pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Curitiba entre os anos de 2014-2016, denominada Projeto Equidade na Educação (PEE), cujo objetivo foi contribuir para a garantir trajetórias mais equânimes entre os estudantes das escolas da Rede Municipal de Ensino (RME). Enquanto é apresentada tal política, são feitas reflexões sobre equidade, desigualdade educacional e justiça escolar presentes nos escritos de autores como Crahay (2006, 2007, 2013), Dubet (2004) e Érnica et al. (2011). Metodologicamente, optou-se primeiramente por descrever o histórico de construção de tal política e seu arcabouço teórico, em seguida discutindo a metodologia do projeto, as principais ações desenvolvidas nas escolas e resultados alcançados em termos de índices educacionais no município. Conclui-se que o Projeto Equidade na Educação (PEE) observou diferentes contextos e reconheceu singularidades e desafios entre as escolas da RME-Curitiba, revelando tempos e espaços de desigualdades, mas também possibilidades de esperança e transformação social.
Health Status of Bank Employees in Belagavi City of Karnataka– A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Pavithra R  , Ramya V
Published: June 2021

Background: Recent decades have witnessed tremendous advancements in health and survival throughout the world. The major risk factors of non communicable diseases attributed to mortality are well prevalent among bank employees, affecting across all social and income groups. Hence this specific occupational group of bank employees who represent the subset of population at risk to develop chronic diseases and stress related adverse health effects was selected for the study. The objective of the study was to assess the health status of bank employees and to know lifestyle factors affecting the health of bank employees.

Methodology: The study was conducted among 410 bank employees from the banks which were selected using random number technique in Belgaum district. The data on socio demographic variables, risk factors, physical measurement were done followed by estimation of Haemoglobin and Random blood sugar.

Results: In this study, 72.7% of the subjects had three or more risk factors for non communicable diseases. The prevalence of Anaemia in this study was 34.15%. Prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was 32.9% and 17.32% respectively.

Conclusions: Majority of the bank employees were apparently healthy and most of them were having work related risk factors.
Assessment of Some Basic Strategies towards Managing COVID-19 Crisis in Micro/Small Sized Businesses
Authors: Onyema Lawrence Damiete , Wakwe Lawrence Anthony
Published: June 2021

This research is aimed at finding out if micro/small sized business owners/managers apply business planning processes and how they survived the impact of COVID-19 in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. We interviewed 568 enterprise units covering 11 classes of businesses that represent most of the micro and small-sized businesses. We applied statistical and graphical methods to analyse the data obtained. Businesses adopted creative measures like online advertisement, online marketing and home delivery where possible to remain afloat after the restrictions imposed by government. Some diversified their businesses into other areas where the market is flourishing like selling sanitizers and face masks. We also observed that a good number of these micro-sized business owners/managers do not adopt structured business plans, review the performances of their businesses, have guiding policies and do not understand the importance of having such policies. These are weak links towards sustainable growth of such businesses. Businesses that do not plan and do not know if their businesses are performing well and if they are beginning to make profit from what was invested is groping in the dark and that is not safe places for businesses to be. Based on the findings/discussions/conclusions, it will be needful to embark on further research to identify the specific business skill gaps among micro and small-sized businesses and develop appropriate interventions to bridge such capacity gaps. Finally, we recommended a 9 points model as a tool for micro and small size businesses in assessing and managing crisis.