bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marcadores clínicos, biofísicos y bioquímicos para la predicción de preeclampsia
Authors: Reyna-Villasmil Eduardo , Mayner-Tresol Gabriel , Herrera-Moya Pedro , Briceño-Pérez Carlos
Published: July 2021

La preeclampsia es una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad materna alrededor del mundo. La incidencia de preeclampsia ha aumentado en la última década, lo cual ha sido atribuido a varios factores. A pesar de las décadas de investigación de esta condición, la capacidad de los clínicos para predecir antes de la aparición de los síntomas no ha mejorado en forma significativa. Ninguna prueba de predicción en solitario ha logrado la aceptación generalizada en la práctica clínica. Las combinaciones de marcadores bioquímicos y ecográficos mejoran la predicción temprana de la preeclampsia. La pesquisa con una combinación de factores de riesgo maternos, Doppler de las arterias uterinas, presión arterial media, concentraciones plasmáticas de proteína A relacionada al embarazo y factor de crecimiento placentario, puede identificar cerca del 95% de los casos de preeclampsia de aparición temprana. En forma interesante, la creciente investigación ha revelado los nombres de algunas bio-moléculas importantes que pueden tener un papel importante en la vasculogénesis de la placentación temprana. Existen preguntas si un único grupo de parámetros puede diagnosticar un síndrome que es complejo. En esta revisión, se examina la fisiopatología subyacente de la preeclampsia y se analiza los potenciales marcadores clínicos, biofísicos y bioquímicos para la predicción temprana.
Sulfato de magnesio y el cerebro en la preeclampsia
Authors: Lacunza-Paredes Rommel , Santis-Moya Fernanda
Published: July 2021

El sulfato de magnesio ha sido el medicamento de elección en la profilaxis y tratamiento de la eclampsia. Sin embargo, la compresión de las manifestaciones neurológicas producidas por la preeclampsia englobadas dentro de la leucoencefalopatía posterior reversible ha puesto en evidencia que los mecanismos propuestos basados en estudios en animales son ciertos, revalorando más a este antiguo fármaco. Desde el estudio MAGPIE hasta nuestros días son muchas las interrogantes aun no resueltas con respecto al sulfato de magnesio en la preeclampsia, pero es indudable su valor como tratamiento de primera línea para las manifestaciones cerebrales en dicha complicación.
Hemorragia cerebral en la preeclampsia severa: serie de casos
Authors: Lacunza-Paredes Rommel , Julcamoro-Asencio Marco , Sulca-Cerván Maribel
Published: July 2021

La hemorragia cerebral es un evento poco frecuente pero que tiene consecuencias devastadoras. En las gestantes, la preeclampsia severa es la causa más frecuente de hemorragia cerebral en el puerperio. Se presenta cuatro casos que muestran los diversos factores que pueden condicionar su aparición. Se realiza una revisión de la literatura.
¿Qué hacer con citología de displasia de bajo grado en mujeres jóvenes? A propósito de un caso
Authors: Jerónimo Guibovich José
Published: July 2021

El manejo diagnóstico y terapéutico de la displasia cervical ha evolucionado significativamente en años recientes. Esta evolución se ha debido a que se conoce mejor la historia natural de la infección por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH), así como un mejor entendimiento del potencial premaligno y maligno de las lesiones de cuello uterino. El tratamiento de la displasia cervical también ha evolucionado y se tiende a la realización de terapias más conservadoras, especialmente en mujeres jóvenes, debido a las posibles implicancias obstétricas de algunas terapias. En este número estamos presentando un caso para ilustrar algunas de las recomendaciones actuales del manejo de lesiones de cuello uterino en mujeres jóvenes.
La Sociedad Peruana de Obstetricia y Ginecología y la reproducción humana en el Perú
Authors: Ascenzo Palacio Alberto
Published: July 2021

La Sociedad Peruana de Obstetricia y Ginecología desde su fundación contribuyó al desarrollo y difusión del conocimiento de la medicina peruana y en forma especial del campo ginecológico, obstétrico y de sus especialidades afines, con el desarrollo de Congresos, Simposios, Cursos y demás actividades. Esto fue más notorio desde el año 1955, en que aparece la Revista Peruana de Ginecología y Obstetricia, donde se encuentran 111 artículos sobre reproducción humana, desde su inicio hasta la actualidad.
La Sociedad Peruana de Obstetricia y Ginecología y la salud pública
Authors: Guzmán Changanaquí Alfredo
Published: July 2021

En estos 70 años de vida institucional, la Sociedad Peruana de Obstetricia y Ginecología ha contribuido a través de sus Congresos, Simposios, Mesas Redondas, Sesiones Científicas, Cursos Pre Congreso, Cursos para residentes y su Revista institucional, no solo con el desarrollo del conocimiento de la especialidad sino también con la Salud Pública del país. Solo en la Revista se han publicado 48 artículos que han sido catalogados, por su contenido, en relación con la Salud Pública. Pero son algunos temas que por su importancia han tenido una mayor difusión. En este artículo revisaremos los mismos.
Morbimortalidad materna. Publicaciones presentadas en la Revista Peruana de Ginecología y Obstetricia en los 70 años de vida institucional de la Sociedad Peruana de Obstetricia y Ginecología
Authors: Gutiérrez Ramos Miguel , Velásquez Pancca Edgar
Published: July 2021

La elevada morbilidad y mortalidad materna, que ocurre principalmente en países pobres, en vías de desarrollo, es un problema muy representativo del sistema de salud de un país, y por ello son considerados indicadores principales de la salud. Por esa razón, a pesar de que en números absolutos la mortalidad materna no presenta una cantidad muy elevada en relación al total de muertes en un país, cada caso de muerte materna representa una falla del sistema de salud del país. Los casos de morbilidad materna son más numerosos, y es por ello que podrían ser mucho más efectivos para sensibilizar a las autoridades a desarrollar acciones más efectivas en la lucha contra la muerte materna. El presente artículo, analiza las publicaciones hechas en relación a investigaciones, reportes, casos de morbilidad y mortalidad materna desde el año 1950, es decir recogidos desde hace 67 años.
Infecciones en ginecología y obstetricia: producción científica de la Sociedad Peruana de Obstetricia y Ginecología en sus setenta años de vida institucional
Authors: Alarcón-Villaverde Jorge , Ramos-Castillo José
Published: July 2021

Las infecciones en ginecología y obstetricia son patologías que afectan a la mujer en todas las etapas y condiciones de la vida, constituyendo algunas de ellas problemas de salud pública. La Sociedad Peruana de Obstetricia y Ginecología desde su fundación hasta la actualidad, en su septuagésimo aniversario, mantiene la preocupación constante sobre las infecciones en la mujer. Para ello ha promovido y publicado a través de los años diversas investigaciones y reportes sobre el tema, a cargo de los miembros de la Sociedad e instituciones donde laboran, los mismos que son expuestos en el presente artículo con especial énfasis en las investigaciones históricas, pioneras, o las que por su relevancia mantienen vigencia y que fueron publicadas en la Revista Peruana de Ginecología y Obstetricia, órgano oficial de publicación científica de la Sociedad.
Información para los Autores - Actualización 2017 (Español, Inglés, Portugués)
Authors: Pacheco-Romero José
Published: July 2021

La Revista Peruana de Ginecología y Obstetricia es la publicación oficial de la Sociedad Peruana de Obstetricia y Ginecología. Tiene como finalidad difundir el conocimiento de la especialidad de ginecoobstetricia y reproducción humana entre sus asociados, profesionales de especialidades afines y trabajadores en el área de la salud sexual y reproductiva.
RELAÇÕES CÁLCIO:MAGNÉSIO E CARACTERÍSTICAS QUÍMICAS DO SOLO SOB CULTIVO DE SOJA E MILHO
Authors: Lange Anderson , Cavalli Edilson , Spaziani Pereira Cassiano , Vinicius Chapla Marcos , Da Silva Freddi Onã
Published: July 2021

Estudou-se as relações Ca:Mg no solo e o desenvolvimento da soja e milho. Conduziu-se em vasos com solo seis tratamentos variando a relação Ca:Mg no solo de 01:01, 02:01, 03:01, 04:01, 05:01 e 06:01 e cinco repetições, por meio da incubação do solo com calcário calcítico e dolomítico, na dose final de 8 ton ha-1. O solo foi incubado e amostrado aos 45, 90, 200 e 300 dias. Após os 90 dias de incubação semeou-se a soja a qual foi colhida no final do ciclo. Em sequência semeou-se o milho, o qual também foi colhido. As relações Ca:Mg mais altas no solo (≥04:01) durante o cultivo da soja afetaram positivamente a altura e a massa das plantas; já a produção final de grãos foi superior nas relações 02:01, 04:01 e 01:01, resultado da quantidade de vagens e da massa de mil grãos. No milho a massa da planta e a quantidade de grãos por espiga foram superiores nas relações ≥04:01 e a produção final foi inferior na relação 06:01. Conclui-se que a soja pode ser cultivada numa relação Ca:Mg mais ampla e no milho, relações entre 03:01 a 05:01, favorecem a estrutura vegetativa da planta e produção.
Palavras-chave: calagem; incubação; nutrição; calcário.
 
Calcium:magnesium ratio and chemical characteristics of soil under crop of soy and corn
 
ABSTRACT: Soil Ca:Mg ratios and soybean and corn development were studied. Six treatments were conducted in pots with soil, varying the Ca:Mg ratio in the soil from 01:01, 02:01, 03:01, 04:01, 05:01 and 06:01 and five repetitions, by incubating the soil with calcitic and dolomitic limestone, in the final rate of 8 ton ha-1. The soil was incubated and sampled at 45, 90, 200 and 300 days. After 90 days of incubation, soy was sown, which was harvested at the end of the cycle. In sequence, corn was sown, which was also harvested. The highest Ca:Mg ratios in the soil (≥04:01) during soybean cultivation positively affected plant height and mass; the final grain production was higher in the 02:01, 04:01 and 01:01 ratios, the result of the quantity of pods and the mass of a thousand grains. In corn, the plant mass and the amount of grains per ear were higher in the ratio ≥04:01 and the final production was lower in the ratio 06:01. It is concluded that soybeans can be grown in a wider Ca:Mg ratio and in corn, ratios between 03:01 to 05:01, favor the vegetative structure of the plant and production.
Keywords: liming; incubation; nutrition; limestone.
DÉFICIT HÍDRICO E A GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO
Authors: Henrique Ivanildo Guilherme , Bosqueiro Rafael Orlandini , Kotsubo Rafael Massaru , Campos Botelho Silvia de Carvalho
Published: July 2021

Considerando a importância da água no processo de germinação de sementes, as condições adversas de umidade afetam diretamente o processo germinativo. Para tanto, objetivou-se avaliar a influência do deficit hídrico na germinação e vigor de sementes de dois genótipos comerciais de milho, induzido por diferentes potenciais osmóticos. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizados (DIC), arranjado em esquema fatorial duplo 2x5, com quatro repetições, avaliando híbridos de milho (DKB255PRO3 e DKB390PRO2), submetidos a germinação sob condições de déficit hídrico, em cinco níveis de potencial osmótico (0, -0,6, -1,2, -1,8 e -2,4 MPa). Cada unidade experimental constituiu-se por um rolo de papel germitest contendo 50 sementes. Utilizou-se NaCl como agente osmótico indutor de deficiência hídrica as sementes. Avaliou-se a germinação, vigor de sementes e o desenvolvimento inicial das plântulas, em termos de comprimento e biomassa. O déficit hídrico, simulado com solução de cloreto de sódio, provoca redução no desempenho de sementes de híbridos de milho. Os genótipos de milho respondem diferentemente quanto a tolerância a condições de estresse provocado por indisponibilidade de água durante a germinação. O híbrido DKB390PRO2 apresenta germinação e crescimento de plântulas superior quando submetido a diferentes níveis de potencial osmótico de NaCl.
Palavras-chave: viabilidade de sementes; restrição hídrica; Zea mays.
 
Effect of water deficit on the maize seed germination
 
ABSTRACT: Considering the importance of water in the seed germination process and knowing that conditions will not always be the most adequate to the germination process, the objective was to evaluate the influence of water deficit on germination and vigor in seeds of different commercial corn genotypes induced by different osmotic potentials. A completely randomized experimental design (D.I.C) was used, arranged in a 2x5 double factorial scheme, with four replications. Each experimental unit was constituted by a roll containing 50 seeds, made in germitest paper. Two maize seed hybrids (DKB255PRO3 and DKB390PRO2) were evaluated, submitted to germination under water deficit conditions, with levels 0; -0,6. -1,2; -1,8 and -2,4 MPa of osmotic potential. NaCl was used as osmotic agent inducing water deficiency in seeds. Germination, seed vigor and initial seedling development were evaluated in terms of length and biomass. The water deficit simulated with sodium chloride solution, causes a reduction in the performance of maize hybrids seeds. Corn genotypes respond differently to tolerance to stress conditions caused by unavailability of water during germination. The hybrid DKB390PRO2 presents superior germination and seedling growth when submitted to different levels of osmotic NaCl potential.
Keywords: viability; water restriction; Zea mays.
DIAGNOSIS THE INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISES IN DNIPROPETROVSK REGION
Authors: HORIASHCHENKO Yu.G.
Published: July 2021

Topicality. In the difficult times of repeated economic crises, structurally deformed economy, the emergence of risks associated with the consequences of COVID-19, the problems of innovative development of enterprises become much deeper. Today, the country's innovative activity is declining, the entire chain of innovation is collapsing, as a result, the technical level of production is declining, and the volume of progressive production is declining.Constantly growing hyperinterest in innovation, not least caused by high expectations and, at the same time, the truth about the characteristics of their nature as a product or service that will benefit and improve quality of life, the result of combining the most valuable resources – knowledge, intelligence, wisdom, experience, creative gift, abilities, freedom, time and information. To characterize the innovation space of any region, it is important to explore and assess the potential of enterprises.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to provide recommendations for the development of information support for diagnosing the innovative development of enterprises in Dnipropetrovsk region. The specified goal was concretized in following research tasks: determine the meaning and objectives of diagnosis; explain the content of cluster analysis in this context; assess the level of information support for diagnosing innovative development of enterprises using the method of multidimensional statistical analysis.Research results. The article presents practical measures for diagnosing and rating the innovative development of enterprises of districts and cities of leaders and outsiders of Dnipropetrovsk region. Based on multidimensional statistical analysis, the level of statistical support of the innovative potential of development of Dnipropetrovsk region is assessed.Conclusion. Worked out proposals on building up of information support of innovative development of enterprises. The level of information support for innovative development of enterprises in the region is assessed using the method of multidimensional statistical analysis (cluster analysis). Thus, the cluster analysis of the Dnipropetrovsk region by the level of information support for innovative development of enterprises showed a high degree of disagreement between cities and districts by this index. In particular, the Dnipro, Kryvyi Rih, Kamyanske and Dniprovskyi district have high indexes, and the Vilnohirsk, Ternivka, Pershotravensk, Pokrov, Marhanets and others – low indexes. Developed program of diagnosing the innovative development of enterprises in the regions of Ukraine, which includes measures of economic, social and innovative nature.
Sédation et analgésie intranasale chez le nouveau-né
Authors: Baleine J. , Milesi C. , Cambonie G.
Published: July 2021

L’administration de sédatif ou analgésique par voie intranasale est une alternative facile, efficace et sûre à l’administration intraveineuse quand celle-ci est impossible ou non souhaitée. Plusieurs études attestent de la faisabilité chez les nouveau-nés dans un but de sédation avec du midazolam ou de dexmédétomidine pour la réalisation d’intubation ou d’exploration radiologique.
Family Life in Tunisia after the Revolution of 2011
Authors: Maffi Irene
Published: July 2021

Postcolonial Tunisia has gone through substantial transformations of its legal and socio-economic structures. Habib Bourguiba began the work of social and juridical engineering aimed to make the independent state a modern country, contributing to profound changes in family structures. In this article, I intend to investigate the family life of two women and two men with whom I established friendships during the fieldwork I carried out in Tunisia between 2013 and 2014. Examining the relationships of my interlocutors with their family members, I will depict an ethnographic portrait of a few Tunisian families. While they are not representative of Tunisian society, they nevertheless allow insight into a specific sector of it and help understand the effects of the revolution of 2011 on family structures.
Kinship Systems of Xoja Groups in Southern Kazakhstan
Authors: Malikov Azim
Published: July 2021

The Kazakhs, Turkmens, Tajiks, Uyghurs and Uzbeks in Central Asia share some distinct religious elite groups – Xojas – some lineages of which appear in two or more of them. The Xoja group is a patrilineage, which traces kinship through blood relationships. Endogamous marriages prevail among the Uzbek-speaking Xoja contrary to descendants of nomadic, Kazakh-speaking Xojas. In this article I compare the kinship systems of the Uzbek-speaking Xoja of the Uzbek people and the Kazakh-speaking Xoja of the Kazakh people and analyse their transformation in the twentieth century. The analysis shows that interpretation of differences in kinship terminology is situational: in some cases it is interpreted as an example of adaptation to different cultures, and in other instances it may serve as a symbol of belonging.
The Birth of International Conceptual History
Authors: Ifversen Jan
Published: July 2021

In March 2020, Melvin Richter, one of the founders of international, conceptual history passed away. This sad occasion makes it timely in our journal to reflect on the process that turned national projects within conceptual and intellectual history into an international and transnational enterprise. The text that follows—published in two parts, here and in the next issue—takes a closer look at the intellectual processes that led up to the founding meeting of the association behind our journal, the History of Concepts Group. It follows in the footsteps of Melvin Richter to examine the different encounters, debates and protagonists in the story of international, conceptual history. The text traces the different approaches that were brought to the fore and particularly looks at Melvin Richter's efforts to bridge between an Anglophone tradition of intellectual history and a German tradition of Begriffsgeschichte.
The Limits of Knowing Other Minds
Authors: McKearney Patrick
Published: July 2021

New care workers in Britain typically struggle to understand, on their initial encounters, people who communicate atypically due to their intellectual disabilities. But they are required to provide care that is attuned to these individuals’ desires and intentions. Why, then, does a care organization called L'Arche UK make it harder for carers to learn what is going on inside these people's minds? I argue that doing so does not prevent the acquisition of essential knowledge, but rather trains new carers to relate to those with intellectual disabilities as opaque. This creates a more involved relationship that opens up the possibility of forms of status and intimacy otherwise closed to such people—thereby raising questions about the supposedly fundamental role that transparency and knowledge play in knowing others.
Digital Failures in Abolitionist Ethnography
Authors: Scott Jason Bartholomew
Published: July 2021

In an era when grassroots activism is defined by the use of social media, the democratic potentials of the Internet are constantly confronted by a shifting set of practical and political obstacles. Organizations seeking to abolish violent policing, for example, use social media to mobilize widespread support, but can fail to solidify lasting influence within government institutions. Similarly, twenty-first-century ethnographers have gained the ability to interact with grassroots organizations over social media, but often fail to gain insight into a movement's internal politics or day-to-day struggles. This article focuses on the challenges of anti-violence activists in Brazilian favelas following the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics. The author explores how ethnographers can create a sense of continuity out of digital failure.
Following, Othering, Taking Over
Authors: Winters Nanneke
Published: July 2021

Based on fieldwork with migrants and border populations in Central America and the story of a young Congolese woman in particular, this article discusses how research participants’ use of mobile communication technology provokes a redefinition of the ethnographic field. Increasingly popular trajectory research often sets out to follow migrants, yet a focus on migrants keeping in touch with researchers at their own initiative and discretion, following them, reveals entanglements of selective on- and offline engagement and self-representation. Critical exploration of research participants’ differentiated use of digital technology for navigating a social environment that includes the researcher herself not only transforms our understanding of the field in empirical, ethical, and methodological terms, but also counteracts potentially voyeuristic and life-threatening practices of following people on the move.
The Dialectical Tradition in South Africa
Authors: Allsobrook Chris
Published: July 2021

The Dialectical Tradition in South Africa by Andrew Nash
Treatment of bee families without drugs, or a zootechnical method of combating diseases of bees
Authors: Kashkovsky V. G. , Plakhova A. A.
Published: July 2021

Todayall the monographs, recommendations, instructions, and technologies after the successful experiments on the treatment of bees against European spot disease with penicillin, there are instructions from the NIP (Research Institute of Prevention) to use antibiotics to the treatment of all bee diseases, but especially in the form of prophylactic supplementation. Many antibiotics (chloramphenicol) and nitrofuran-based medicines are now being produced. In addition, all new medications are intensively recommended in all issues of Beekeeping magazine. These drugs are often newly invented, untested remedies that are advertised as a panacea for all diseases. Antibiotics are introduced into honey and bee-bees in the treatment and prevention of bee diseases. When such products are consumed, people develop various diseases with severe and even incurable consequences. With this in mind, the European Union and the United States do not buy and even strictly prohibit honey from China, Brazil, Argentina and Turkey across borders. The Department of Biology, Bioresources and Aquaculture at Novosibirsk State Agrarian University has for the first time developed a technology for keeping bees without the use of drugs. The long-term use of this technology in the apiaries of Western Siberia has made it possible to achieve good preservation of bee families and high honey yields. In addition, the cost of beekeeping products has fallen dramatically, as farms have stopped spending huge sums on purchasing medicines. Scientists have improved and successfully applied heat treatment of bee colonies to combat varroaatosis, nosematosis and viral diseases.
Inﬂuence of growth regulators on the yield and quality of potatoes.
Authors: Petrov A. F. , Galeev R. R. , Gavrilets N. V. , Pastukhova A. V. , Karhardin I. V. , Kolbina O. N.
Published: July 2021

The potato is one of the most versatile, accessible and at the same time widespread vegetable crops of the globe, and in particular of the Russian Federation. Today notable can be imagined without it. But despite the plasticity of the potato crop, there are still “white spots” in its production. With late and even return spring and early autumn frosts, the climatic features of Siberia significantly affect the crop’s growing season, preventing it from realising its full potential. Like that of many other crops, potato production is associated with seasonality, and there are often significant losses during cultivation and especially during storage. An important challenge is to protect plants during growth and development by applying innovative, environmentally friendly crop protection and stimulation products. Organomineral growth and development regulators were particularly popular. In the work schemes of application of perspective, organomineral growth regulators in conditions of forest-steppe of Western Siberia were tested and perfected. Their influence on the primary phases of growth and development of potatoes and their maturity, and their influence on biometrical parameters of plants, a phytosanitary condition of crops, a crop capacity, and its safety are established. On average, under the influence of growth regulators Epin-Extra and Zircon, the growing season is shortened by 3-5 days; the spread of diseases is reduced by 1.5-2 times; the yield increases to 8.3 tons per hectare. These studies are confirmed by the calculation of economic efficiency. Thus, the use of these growth regulators provides the level of profitability of production up to 252%.
"Bodhisattva-icchantika": On the problem of the state of bodhisattva in Mahayana
Authors: Burmistrov S. L.
Published: July 2021

According to Buddhist teaching icchantikas are sentient beings that cut off their roots of merit (abilities to free themselves from three basic vices, greed, hatred and ignorance). In Hinayana doctrine icchantikas are doomed to be in samsara forever, without hope of deliverance. But in Mahayana even those who had cut off their roots of merit can restore them due to the infinite compassion of bodhisattvas and attain nirvana at last. Bodhisattva, knowing the illusoriness of the difference between nirvana and samsara, rises above it and can act in samsara for the salvation of all sentient beings without losing the state of enlightenment. So bodhisattva is similar to icchantikas in that he intentionally refuses to leave samsara, but, unlike them, his motive is not depravity but great compassion (mahakaruna). Paradoxical phrase “bodhisattva-icchan-tika” is a rhetorical method aimed at the activation of hearer's or reader's attention in order to let him to fully comprehend the essence of the teaching and promote him to the attainment of nirvana.
Tangut captivity of Genghis Khan
Authors: Drobyshev Yu. I.
Published: July 2021

The article puts forward a hypothesis about the capture of Genghis Khan by the Tanguts during his attack on the Tangut state of Xi Xia in 1207-1208. The only source that provides this information is the work of Guillaume de Rubruk, who visited Mongolia in 1253-1255. No supporting information has yet been found, however, there is no data that would completely exclude the possibility of Genghis Khan being captured. On the basis of Chinese, Mongolian, Persian, Tibetan, and Tangut sources, the author reconstructs a picture of the Mongol invasions into Xi Xia in search of the moment when this event had the maximum chance to occur. Special attention is paid to the goals that the Mongols may have set in each of the five documented attacks on the Tangut country. Analysis of the sources suggests that the nature of these raids changed dramatically after the second Tangut campaign of 1207-1208: predatory raids were replaced by a full-scale war, which ended with the submission of Xi Xia to the Mongols. Perhaps the reason for this was revenge for the stay of the Mongol leader in Tangut captivity. The possibility of Genghis Khan being held captive in the Chin Empire is also briefly discussed, which is also only reported in a thirteenth-century Chinese diplomat's essay
Биография Ван Даюаня 汪大淵 по данным паратекста Дао и чжи люэ 島夷誌略 («Краткое описание островных варваров»; 1349/1350) и иным источникам
Authors: Kolnin I. S.
Published: July 2021

Статья посвящена изучению биографии Ван Даюаня 汪大淵 (первая половина XIV в. - 1350 г. или позднее) - автора историко-географического описания заморских земель эпохи Юань (1279-1368) Дао и чжи люэ 島夷誌略 («Краткое описание островных варваров», далее - ДИЧЛ; 1349/1350 гг.). В ходе исследования паратекстов к источнику (предисловий и послесловия), а также привлечения дополнительной информации об их авторах и других лицах, упоминающихся в трактате Ван Даюаня, удалось пролить свет на происхождение и биографию автора ДИЧЛ, круг его социальных связей и факторы, повлиявшие на содержание ДИЧЛ. В частности, была дана новая интерпретация одного из фрагментов текста, согласно которой Ван Даюань совершил два плавания до достижения им 19 лет, а не после. Этот и другие результаты исследования позволяют говорить о том, что автор ДИЧЛ был родовитым торговцем, получившим хорошее образование и уже в юные годы бывавшим за морем. В качестве приложения к статье даны комментированные переводы предисловий и послесловия к ДИЧЛ на русский язык.
Examining Parenting in Monitoring Young People's Social Media Activities
Authors: Chahil Mehak
Published: July 2021

Social networking has a major impact on everyone's lives. Its obligation is correspondence, instruction and amusement. The web based life is a data, amusement, and infotainment medium. The trigger for the examination is an outline of the position parents play with their kids in controlling person to person communication practices. Web based life has a significant impact in the lives of everybody. Its obligation is correspondence, instruction and diversion. The online life is a data, diversion, and infotainment medium. The study cause is a description of the role parents play with their children in managing casual long-range contact habits, 50% of parents are in good faith with teenagers for individual communication rehearsals, some are trained and others are adults, and 23% of parents agree that children respect their emotional contribution to engagement. Key words: demeanor, discipline, newborn child care, conducts via web-based networking media.
Impact of Social Networking Sites on Human Basic Privacy Rights
Authors: Nazeer Javeria , Farooq Muhammad
Published: July 2021

In recent era, Social networking sites (SNSs) have become an important source of communication and also became a matter of interest for researchers in several disciplines such as communications, technology and sociology. These Social networking sites including Facebook, Twitter etc. often reveal private data through the enclosure of public profiles, photographs, videos and messages send to the family, friends and general public. As it was not possible to conduct a survey in complete population, therefore sample of 250 respondents (50% males & 50% females) was selected from different universities and colleges of Lahore, city of Pakistan. In the process of survey, questionnaire technique has been used to obtain the quantitative data. The findings revealed that Social Networking Sites significantly violate the human basic privacy rights. Majority of the respondents were of the view that privacy rights are harmed by SNSs. 10.4% respondents were strongly disagreeing about the statement that Facebook privacy is a real problem, 18.0% were disagree, 20.4% were neutral about the problem while 38.4% said they are agreed and 12.8% were strongly agree. The results also suggested that social networking sites leak personal data and also become a reason for disclosure of personal information.
Effects of Pakistani Drama 'Mery Pass Tum Ho' On Cultural Values of Society: A Survey of Lahore District
Authors: Shakir Zubrah
Published: July 2021

In this study researchers were interested to analyze the effects of Pakistani drama Mery Pas Tum ho. The reason behind choosing this serial for study was the hype and popularity belonged to this drama. The finding discloses that our public want to watch something unique but real at the same time. Some issues that although exists in our society but most of us zip up our lips due to many social restriction. This study also proved that now people becoming even wiser and demanded as they expect more responsible and related performance from the television. The study suggest that Pakistani dramas should promote the Pakistani and Islamic values, so television content can make a reason for the nation to proud. In this study based on Lahore district researcher collect data and find out the results through survey and Questionnaire that used as a research tool to get the results.
Demographic Effect of Parental Motives behind Their Children Participation in Sports Activities
Authors: khan Burhanullah , khan Muhammad iftikhar , khan Muhammad Asghar
Published: July 2021

The present aimed to examine the demographic effect of parental motives behind their children participation in sports activities. The population of this study comprised all the parents whose children were in role in government primary schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Available sample technique was applied for the study. Self-administered questionnaire was used for the data collection. Inferential statistic t-test and ANOVA was for the data analyses. Government Servant parents reported more score than Jobless, Private servant, labor, merchant and others parents in average motives. It was also found that Graduate of secondary education parents reported more score than illiterate, Graduate of Primary, Graduate of higher education, graduate of highest and post graduate education in average motives. It was recommended that efforts may be made to increase a knowledgeable fan base and a significant portion of population participating in sports.
Sports Transcend Multiculturalism & Negate Racism
Authors: Muhammad Ashiq , Khan Salah Ud Din , luqman Safdar
Published: July 2021

The study inspects sports performance as a tool of living together inside any community despite of variation in their sects, castes, cultures, religion and races. The study aimed to check the role of sports Transcend Multiculturalism & Negate Racism. The population was stakeholders of the same community possessed above variations. Stratified sample was as a sample technique. The study was furnished through Questionnaire with five point Likert scale having objectives regarding role of sports in multiculturalism and negation of racism. Descriptive research approach with cross-sectional design was used for the current study. The study showed significant role of sports in maintaining cross-culture relation, living happily with no notion of racism.
China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: Potential for Social Transformation
Authors: Alam Aftab , Jathol Iqra
Published: July 2021

CPEC offers Pakistan an prospect to address frequent of the economic and political issues troubling the country. If Islamabad and Beijing do not guarantee Balochi companies and workers play a famous role, it could jeopardize China's premeditated gains and Pakistan's most significant development project ever. Pakistan's government cannot afford to fuel further the anger and estrangement in this province. Baluchis must have a wager in CPEC's accomplishment. If CPEC is an implemented in a way that includes Baluchis in its rewards, (through obligation of funds for development and hiring Balochi companies and workers) CPEC has the impending to pull the province out of deficiency and calm the antigovernment anger. CPEC can be a game changer for Pakistan and China, but only if it is first a game changer for Baluchistan. For a state like Pakistan, which faces severe economic and political challenges, CPEC can establish to be a wildcard which will provide a big opportunity to soothe its economy while refining associations with its neighbors and by making Gwadar a trade and economic hub of the region. For an unbalanced economy of Pakistan, the passageway will offer a solution to its troubles and will open new horizons of development by improving socioeconomic conditions of the people and by elevating their quality of life. Many Special Economic Zones are conceived to be established in Punjab, Gilgit-Baltistan, KPK, Baluchistan, and Sindh. This will eventually bring prosperity with the speculation from the budding international investors and will help Pakistan drive its economic expansion. In ultimate remarks it is said that the project of this passageway is the "game change" in this region, it would be accomplished for the affluence of this region.
Pakistan's State Sovereignty in the Light of Saudi Arab's Overt Dictation
Authors: Batool Asma
Published: July 2021

Historically Pakistan's relations with Saudi Arab have been concerted and coordinated on the basis of calculated strategy, except for the few exceptions. Pakistan had maintained friendly ties with Saudi Arab but with time Saudi Arab started playing more assertive role in relation to Pakistan. Since inception Pakistan tends to look towards the Saudi Arab due to cultural orientation of its public. The unprecedented transition in paradigm of Pak-Saudi relations came when Saudi Arab assumed the role of major economic aid donor. Today, the role of Pakistan can be described as 'shatter belt' vis-à-vis major powers. Pakistani an attempt to pull itself out of Western influence relied on Saudi Aid which resulted in explicit dictation of Saudi Arab.The internal weakness of Pakistan extended the opportunity for accepting external pressure which compromised the sovereignty of state directly and placed Pakistan in compliant position in relation to Saudi Arab. This paper will divulge the unique relations of Saudi Arab and Pakistan by dissecting the dimensions of Saudi Arab's political, economic and cultural influence on Pakistan. It will also illume the Saudi hegemonic policies in which Pakistan adjusts and influenced to revise its own policy choices. This paper will dwell on the way forward in Pak-Saudi relations in order to restore balance and maintain sovereignty of the state.
Impact of Innovative Work Behavior on the Performance of Agile Project Management in Pakistan
Authors: Anwar Bilal , Iqbal Umer , Ashraf Muhammad Imran
Published: July 2021

In recent years, Pakistan's computer software market has experienced steady growth. Agile is the iterative approach in software industry. Innovation by employees is one of the best ways to enhance innovation and organizational success. The customer wants new and innovative products. This required an effective innovative behavior. New ideas affect the performance of projects positively or negatively and became the reason of project success or project failure. Based on 223 responses collected from the software industry in Pakistan. To test descriptive analysis and correlation Cronbach alpha and SPSS was used. The study found that Idea Exploration was significantly related to agile project performance. Idea Generation also was significantly related to agile project performance. Idea Championing also was significantly related to agile project performance. Idea Implementation also was significantly related to agile project performance. The findings of this study help the project managers to implement better strategies and plan for agile project management success. The study has implications for both theoretical and practical professionals working in software industry of Pakistan.
The essence and relationship between the concepts of "security forces" and "law enforcement forces"
Authors: Pokaychuk Vitaliy
Published: July 2021

The article examines the essence and differentiated concepts of "security forces" and "law enforcement forces" based on the analysis of the current legislation and the theory of national security. The problems of national security, which are one of the most important, complex and multifaceted and integral phenomena of social and political life, are investigated. National security theory is a meta-science that combines the applied aspects of social, military, humanities, technical, psychological, biological and other sciences to explore the nature, content, methods, forms and means of ensuring the security of the individual and social communities of different levels. Therefore, in the study of national security, many categories are used, including the following: security, national security, national interests, national security facilities, national security entities, security factors, threats, danger, national security system, national security principles, national security functions, etc. On the basis of the analysis of key norms of the Law of Ukraine "On National Security of Ukraine" it is concluded that the changed approach to the formation of key legal acts based on the change of the vector of formation of threats to national security and national interests. Such an approach is in line with current requirements because, as historical experience shows, focusing solely on the interests of the state, developing its economic and military potential and subordination to these goals of the interests of individuals, the emergence of internal conflicts, ultimately leads to a process of disintegration. It is noted that while the legislator even divides the security and defense sector of Ukraine into four interconnected components, the composition of the security and defense sector nevertheless lists the entities without belonging to any of the four components. Depending on functional function, the security forces should include: Ministry of Internal Affairs, Security Service of Ukraine, intelligence agencies, State Security Service of Ukraine, State Service for Special Communication and Information Protection of Ukraine, and Military Law Enforcement Service. In line with this goal, it should be noted that although the notion of "law enforcement is encompassed by a broader range of public relations, it includes not only activity in special circumstances, but also the day-to-day service of using the term" security force "in national security activities. moreover, the one defined at the legislative level is more relevant. The legislative definition of "security forces" prompts, at least, the start of a scientific search to clarify the passport of the specialty 21.07.05 - combat service of law enforcement forces and to make changes and additions to the List of scientific specialties.
On the expenditure of changing the principles of public order protection by the Ukrainian police during mass events: the experience of European states
Authors: Velykyy Yuriy
Published: July 2021

The article attempts to substantiate the expediency of changing the principles and methods of protection of public order by the police of Ukraine during mass events on the basis of European experience. The activities of the police to ensure public safety are considered in line with the application of three main practices (models): a) classical; b) an improved model of crowd behavior; c) models of «good practice». A detailed review of the models allowed us to trace the evolution of approaches to policing to ensure public order and security. The paper analyzes the research of scientists who have studied the «psychology of the crowd», analyzes the experience of the police of European countries during mass events and riots. The necessity of changes in the principles of work of the National Police of Ukraine on protection of public order has been determined. The concept of public safety and policing should be based on four key principles: 1) knowledge – possession of verified information about different groups of participants, their in-tentions, purpose, values and means of achieving the goal, as well as information about persons who may be considered as a source of risk; 2) assistance – a strategy of the police, aimed primarily at assisting the organizers and participants of the peaceful assembly in achieving their legal goal in a lawful manner; 3) communication – communication between the police and the organizers and participants of the peaceful assembly at all stages of its preparation and conduct to prevent conflicts, as well as the occurrence of possible offenses; 4) differentiation – consideration of participants in a peaceful assembly not as a crowd, but as a set of individuals who may have different views, objectives, goals and ways to achieve them.
Improvement of in-service training of National police officers of Ukraine with the use of interactive multimedia
Authors: Tinin Dmytro
Published: July 2021

Today, one of the indicative forms of organizing service training is "distance learning", that is, the process of acquiring skills in a specialized environment operating on the basis of information and communication technologies. In the article, the problems of conducting service training through the use of remote contact with the teacher, monitoring and evaluating such training are considered. The analysis of the results and experience of using the implemented distance learning system using the information and telecommunications system "information portal of the National Police of Ukraine" and the distance learning management system "Moodle" in the educational process is carried out, conclusions are drawn. It has been determined that in the conditions of in a pandemic (quarantine) it is not possible to master some disciplines without practical training, so it is necessary to plan and conduct practical classes in such a way that it is possible to ensure the end result - the acquisition of practical skills with small groups. The limits of distance learning opportunities are determined, the regularities and significance of the use of interactive multimedia equipment in the system of higher education institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine are generalized, the consequences and prospects of using such systems for modern education have been clarified.