bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El discurso arquitectónico de Hassan Fathy Lo vernáculo desde una perspectiva moderna
Authors: Moreno Moreno María Pura
Published: November 2018

Resumen La condición de arquitectura alternativa apunta a procesos individualistasalejados de convencionalismos de contexto. La internacionalización de los postulados modernos condujo a la crítica a eludir en sus análisis construcciones de revitalización de una arquitectura considerada comoexcesivamente identitaria. Este artículo analiza el esfuerzo del arquitectoegipcio Hassan Fathy (1900-1989) por reivindicar, a todas las escalas, lasabiduría de la edificación tradicional durante un periodo coincidente con la modernidad occidental. La escasez de hierro y cemento en Egipto, tras la II Guerra Mundial, fomentó la recuperación de una construcción de bajo coste adaptada a las circunstancias y recursos materiales del lugar. La durabilidad de la arquitectura popular que permanecía conservada desde tiempos remotos, y sobre todo su eficacia en el control climático, fomentó en Fathy el deseo de aprendizaje de métodos y dispositivos tradicionales tanto constructivos como espaciales que fueron reinterpretados con una lectura moderna, desde el ámbito doméstico al urbano, en la morfología y materialización de sus proyectos.AbstractThe “alternative” architectural condition points to individualistic processes that give results far removed from the conventionalisms of context. The internationalization of the modern postulates led the critique to leave constructive procedures in the analyses of revitalization of an architecture considered as excessively identitarian, to one side.This article analyses the effort of the Egyptian architect Hassan Fathy (1900-1989) to defend at all levels, during a period coinciding with Western modernity, the wisdom of traditional inherited edification.The scarcity of iron and cement in Egypt, after the Second World War, boosted the recovery of a low-cost construction adapted to the climatic conditions and the material resources available locally. Popular architecture’s durability, especially its utilitarian aspect, preservedsince ancient times and, in particular, its effectiveness in climate control, inspired in Fathy the desire to learn traditional constructive and spatial devices. The questioning of the figure of the “Muallim”, or Master Mason, which had become a source of inherited knowledge, with regards vernacular constructive systems, added to his own analysis of popular architecture, gave him a knowledge of autochthonous materials and passive  mechanisms of environmental control that were reinterpreted with a modern reading in the materialization of both his domestic and urban projects.
Laminar ceilings? Shell construction in the work of some masters of modern architecture
Authors: García García Rafael
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis contribution explores the constructive and formal potential of the laminar structures in the work of three prominent figures of Modern Architecture. Unlike the most memorable constructions of this type, the roof structures here considered are not the main and only protagonist element of the building. Conversely in these cases they have been designed as parts of the building more inconspicuous and integrated. The study excludes therefore the most important realizations and also more known, made by authors as Maillart, Candela, Isler, Torroja, Saarinen, Niemeyer, etc. which have been widely treated in the specialized literature. The paper is focused in architects as Le Corbusier, Alvar Aalto and Louis Kahn, for whom the study of their approach to the laminar seems not to have been made adequately as a whole till now. Are important too, the considerations resulting from the comparative analysis, shedding some light on the idiosyncratic way in which this type of structures was adopted by each architect.ResumenEn este artículo se explora el empleo realizado por tres figuras destacadas de la arquitectura moderna de la potencialidad formal y constructiva de las estructuras laminares. A diferencia de como ocurrió en la mayoría de las construcciones memorables de este tipo, la estructura de cubierta no es necesariamente el gran y único elemento protagonista, proyectándose más bien por el contrario, como partes del edificio más discretas e integradas. Se excluyen, por tanto, las realizaciones más importantes, pero también más conocidas, de autores como Maillart, Candela, Isler, Torroja, Saarinen, etc. ya ampliamente tratadas en la literatura dedicada al tema. Contrariamente, en este trabajo se centra la atención en arquitectos como Le Corbusier, Alvar Aalto, Louis Kahn, cuya aproximación menos evidente a lo laminar entendemos que no ha sido en conjunto suficientemente tratada hasta ahora. Son importantes también las conclusiones derivadas de los análisis comparativos, las cuales arrojan alguna luz sobre las particulares formas en que se adoptó este tipode estructuras por cada arquitecto.
Hydrogenase biomimetics with redox-active ligands: Synthesis, structure and electrocatalytic studies on Fe2(CO)4(K2-dppn)(µ-edt) (edt = ethanedithiolate; dppn = 1,8-bis(diphenylphosphino)naphthalene)
Authors: Hogarth Graeme , Ghosh Shishir , Hollingsworth Nathan , Richmond Michael , Kabir Shariff , Rana Shahed
Published: November 2018

Addition of the bulky redox-active diphosphine 1,8-bis(diphenylphosphino)naphthalene (dppn) to [Fe2(CO)6(-edt)] (1) (edt = 1,2-ethanedithiolate) affords [Fe2(CO)4(2-dppn)(-edt)] (3) as the major product, together with small amounts of a P-C bond cleavage product [Fe2(CO)5{1-PPh2(1-C10H7)}(-edt)] (2). The redox properties of 3 have been examined by cyclic voltammetry and it has been tested as a proton-reduction catalyst. It undergoes a reversible reduction at E1/2 = –2.18 V and exhibits two overlapping reversible oxidations at E1/2 = –0.08 V and E1/2 = 0.04 V. DFT calculations show that while the HOMO is metal-centred (Fe-Fe -bonding), the LUMO is primarily ligand-based but also contains an antibonding Fe-Fe contribution, highlighting the redox-active nature of the diphosphine. It is readily protonated upon addition of strong acids to afford two isomeric hydride complexes and catalyzes the electrochemical reduction of protons at Ep = –2.00 V in the presence of CF3CO2H. The catalytic current indicates that it is one of the most efficient diiron electrocatalysts for the reduction of protons, albeit operating at quite negative potential.
Geographical Area Network—Structural Health Monitoring Utility Computing Model
Authors: Tariq Hasan , Tahir Anas , Touati Farid , Al-Hitmi Mohammed Abdulla E , Crescini Damiano , Ben Mnaouer Adel
Published: November 2018

In view of intensified disasters and fatalities caused by natural phenomena and geographical expansion, there is a pressing need for a more effective environment logging for a better management and urban planning. This paper proposes a novel utility computing model (UCM) for structural health monitoring (SHM) that would enable dynamic planning of monitoring systems in an efficient and cost-effective manner. The proposed UCM consists of network-attached data drive that stores data from SHM logger, population count system and Geographic Information System (GIS) enhanced with a Cloud IoT data backup, display, and analysis server. The UCM using this data and data from building information systems applies a simple machine learning algorithm to generate real-time structure health and suggests re-planning of SHM units. The health of structure varies dynamically with disturbances created by higher occupancy and structure density per zone. The proposed SHM-UCM is unique in terms of its capability to manage heterogeneous SHM resources. This was tested in a case study on Qatar University (QU) in Doha Qatar, where it looked at where SHM nodes are distributed along with occupancy density in each building. This information was taken from QU simulated occupation and zone calculation models and then compared to ideal SHM system data. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed model in logging and dynamically planning SHM.
Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-Microbial Activity of Citrus limon Mediated Nanoparticles
Authors: Samreen Fouzia Gul , Muzaffar Rabeea , Nawaz Muhammad , Gul Shahla , Basra Muhammad Asim Raza
Published: November 2018

Previously the nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical methods which were costly and toxic to bio-systems. Plant extracts provides simpler, eco-friendly and cost efficient method for synthesizing nanoparticles. Lemon peel extract (LPE) was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) which were evaluated for their antimicrobial effects after optimizing the pH of extract and concentration of both extract and synthesized AgNPs. The characterization of synthesized AgNPs was carried out using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Well diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial activities of synthesized AgNPs. The presence of phenols and proteins was assumed to reduce the Ag+ ion into silver nanoparticles. The characteristic surface plasmon resonance frequency was observed at 405–425 nm for all varying condition of silver nanoparticles synthesis. Furthermore, results revealed that the synthesized AgNPs remains stable upto 75 days. The average particle size was 2–5 nm, calculated with the help of scherrer’s equation by using XRD data. LPE mediated AgNPs (200 µg/mL) showed significant antimicrobial activity, compared to commercially available nanoparticles while LPE (50 mg/ml) showed no effect. LPE mediated AgNPs might get attention of pharmacists in order to design medicines against different diseases including the infections of bacteria.
Orientalism: Have Recent Developments in the Study of Islam Gone Beyond Said’s Seminal Critique of ‘Orientalism’?
Authors: Rajina Fatima
Published: November 2018

This paper undertakes a critical analysis and evaluates the recent developments in the study of Islam and how it has gone beyond Orientalism; as Martin and Ernst remark in the preface and acknowledgements of Rethinking Islamic Studies: from Orientalism to Cosmopolitanism that the last three decades—after the publication of Orientalism in 1978—“has been a liberating experience for us as scholars initially trained in narrowly textual ‘Orientalist’ approaches, as we have been forced by circumstance to address many issues of contemporary political and social relevance.” However, I will also acknowledge the alternate perspective that these developments may not have gone beyond Said’s Orientalism, but have rather reinforced and maintained - and have “decidedly worsened”—the very ideas Said introduced in Orientalism because of issues such as: Islamic fundamentalism and the aftermath of 9/11, and how the study of Islam has been influenced by these issues in modern times thus returning to the Orientalist approach. I will look at the history of Orientalism in the study of Islam, then the emergence of space for self-representation, and then I will look at the current study of Islam. Esposito argues that Orientalism has taken a new form, and no longer romanticizes the Middle East as having sandy deserts where genies, thieves and evil sorcerers vied after scantily clad princesses amid a backdrop of white palaces and peasant-ridden streets, as presented in the film ‘Aladdin’.
UV Curable Urethane Acrylate Resin from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate
Authors: Teo Kim Teck , Hassan Aziz , Gan Seng Neon
Published: November 2018

Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) is a by-product from the refining of crude palm oil. It comprises mainly of free fatty acids, having around 45% of palmitic and 33% oleic acids as the major components. Ultra-violet (UV) curable urethane acrylate (UA) oligomers could be synthesized from PFAD by the following procedure. A hydroxyl terminated macromer was first prepared by reacting PFAD with a mixture of isophthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, neopentagylcol (NPG) and pentaerythritol. The macromer is then reacted with 2-hydroxylethylacrylate (2HEA) and toluene diisocynate (TDI) to generate a resin containing acrylate side chains for UV curable application. A series of UA resins were prepared by using 15, 25, 45, 55 and 70% of PFAD respectively. The UA resin has Mw in the range of 3200 to 27,000. They could be cured by UV irradiation at intensity of 225mW/cm2. Glass transition temperature (Tg) of the cured film was measured by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and hardness of the film was determined by pendulum hardness tester according to ASTM4366. The resins were used in wood coating application. All of the cured films showed good adhesion, hardness and chemical resistant for resins using up to 55% PFAD; however the resin at 70% did not cure properly.
The Influence of Teacher Expectancy Improvement Strategies on Students’ Attitudes and Achievement in English Courses (An Action Research Sample) †
Authors: Toksoy Selnur , Evran Acar Filiz
Published: November 2018

The aim of the existing study is to investigate the influence of teacher expectation on students’ achievement and their attitudes towards English lesson and to increase the students’ academic success and positive attitudes towards this issue. In the study, a process which defined the existing situtation and which provided the educational processes to improve by changing the existing situation could be seen. For this reason, emancipatory/improving/critical action research model was used. The study was carried out on a sample group consisting of 87 students; 43 6th graders and 44 8th graders attending a school located in the city center of Düzce during the 2015-2016 academic year. In order to collect the data, “Teacher Expectancy Scale” developed by the researchers, “Attitude Scale towards English Course” and 7 test exams prepared by Turkish Ministry of National Education (MoNE) were used. The study was conducted for a total 48 hours in 12 weeks, 4 hours a week. As the result of the study, it was revealed that teacher expectation influenced the attitudes of the students towards the English lesson in a positive way and increased their academic achievements.
Music Therapy Self-Care Group for Parents of Preterm Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU): A Clinical Pilot Intervention
Authors: Roa Esteban , Ettenberger Mark
Published: November 2018

Background: Parents of preterm infants face major mental health challenges in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Family-centered music therapy actively integrates and empowers parents in their infant’s care. With the aim to better understand and address parental needs separately from their babies’, a music therapy (MT) self-care group was implemented as part of clinical practice at the hospital Clínica de la Mujer in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods: The group is provided for both parents twice a week in the NICU. Music guided relaxations, breathing techniques, and self-expression are at the center of the MT group sessions. Parents complete a pre/post self-administered Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) including anxiety levels, stress levels, mood and motivation. Results: Parents highly value the MT self-care group at the NICU. On average there is a 37% improvement in anxiety levels, 28% in stress levels, and 12% in mood, restfulness and motivation. Being able to relax, to distract themselves from their worries and having time for themselves are amongst the most frequently mentioned benefits. Conclusions: Addressing parents’ needs separately form their babies’ treatment with culturally sensitive interventions aimed to improve parental mental health, is essential for continuing the development of family-centered music therapy interventions in the NICU.
Metodologias para avaliação econômica de sistemas de produção agropecuários
Authors: Albuquerque de Andrade I.R. , Nogueira Furtado R. , Da Silva R.G. , Fernandes Franco Pompeu R.C. , Duarte Cândido M.J.
Published: November 2018

Esta revisão de literatura teve como objetivo discorrer acerca dos principais métodos de análises econômicas adotados em avaliações dos sistemas de produção rural, discutindo a maneira de classificação dos custos e seu grau de eficiência ao se avaliar os diferentes sistemas de produção. Torna-se claro a importância da análise da viabilidade econômica dos diferentes sistemas de produção rural, em virtude da possibilidade de obtenção de variáveis respostas que permitam uma análise eficiente da saúde financeira do empreendimento. Neste contexto, o grau de tecnificação, o objeto de estudo e objetivo da análise serão os fatores preponderantes para a escolha da melhor metodologia a ser aplicada. Portanto, é de suma importância o conhecimento das diferentes metodologias e as respostas obtidas pelas mesmas, para a aplicação adequada das mesmas.
Aplicabilidade da simulação técnico-econômico na bovinocultura de corte de Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Pini T. R. M. , Alencar S. A. S. , Lucas L. S. , Franco G. L. , Mourão G. B. , Silva S. L. , Brumatti R. C.
Published: November 2018

Como ferramentas auxiliares na tomada de decisões para o produtor rural, programas computacionais de simulação têm sido estudados e desenvolvidos por vários pesquisadores. Nesta linha de estudo, testes com o sistema de simulação técnico-econômico foram realizados, sendo aplicados junto a produtores rurais e com os índices da bovinocultura de corte brasileira. Os testes com produtores rurais geraram resultados com padrões econômicos próximos dos alcançados na prática. Quanto aos cenários nacionais, é interessante observar que o lucro com com o kilo produzido se manteve relativamente constante, com um acréscimo de menos de R$ 0,20, da média brasileira para o sistema melhorado 2, ou seja, 6,91 %, porém, quando se observa a EBIT, constata-se um aumento de 185,14 %. Isto, se deve ao aumento da quantidade total de kilos produzidos entre um cenário e outro, que aumentou de 125 t para 310 t, devido principalmente aos incrementos com nutrição e ao encurtamento do ciclo produtivo em decorrência dos melhores índices zootécnicos e consequentemente ao incremento no lucro em R$/ha/ano. Os resultados obtidos da simulação com os índices da bovinocultura de corte nacional foram condizentes com os índices produtivos apresentados, mostrando uma concordância entre ambos, o que demonstra a eficácia de se utilizar o sistema de simulação técnico-econômico na análise de fazendas produtoras de bovinos de corte.
Archivos de Zootecnia. Informe Editorial 2015
Authors: Nogales Baena S. , Arando Arbulu A. , Navas González F. J. , Barona Hernández L. , Delgado Bermejo J. V. , López de Bustamante M C. , Gómez Castro A. G.
Published: November 2018

El proceso editorial de Archivos de Zootecnia durante el 2015 se muestra a continuación. Se recibieron un total de 345 manuscritos procedentes de 24 países, siendo Brasil el país que ha contribuido en mayor medida (casi el 70%). Consecuentemente, el lenguaje más usado en los trabajos fue el portugués, seguido del español y el inglés. En 2015 se editaron un total de 71 publicaciones: 54 artículos, 13 notas breves y 4 revisiones. Los trabajos procedían de 15 países. Los principales temas objeto de publicación fueron Alimentación y Alimentos (n= 36, 40 %) y Razas y Genética (n= 19, 21,1 %); mientras que la principal especie sobre la que se publicó fue la especie bovina (n= 24, 26,67 %). Los tiempos editoriales entre la recepción y publicación de los trabajos han mejorado con respecto a los últimos años de acuerdo a los resultados mostrados en informes editoriales previos.
Estructura de razas, cruzas y criollos de ganado bovino en los sistemas productivos de la región Tulijá-Tseltal-Chol en Chiapas, México
Authors: Velázquez Avendaño J. , Perezgrovas Garza R.
Published: November 2018

Ante una escasa contribución de productos ganaderos de la región XIV Tulijá-Tseltal-Chol a la producción pecuaria de Chiapas, se realizó un estudio con el propósito de reconocer los tipos raciales de ganado bovino que conforman el arreglo estructural de los hatos ganaderos vinculado a una descripción de las características del sistema ganadero que apuntala la producción regional a fin de contar con información de utilidad que contribuya a comprender su funcionamiento, visualizando sus ventajas y desventajas y configurar que componentes son los que inciden para que exista esta baja producción a fin de desarrollar estrategias que fomenten su productividad. Se abordó el análisis calculando el porcentaje de inclusión de razas y/o de cruzamientos en los hatos, a lo cual se sumó el análisis de variables socio-económicas: edad, nivel de estudio y variables productivas: población total de ganado, cantidad de vacas, nacimiento de becerros, tipo de pastos, extensión de potreros, número de potreros, mejoramiento de pastizales, desarrollo tecnológico, infraestructura disponible. Las variables fueron examinadas empleando el análisis de componentes principales, prueba de Bartlett y KMO, las cuales indicaron valores satisfactorios para proceder con la prueba. Los resultados indican que el cruzamiento (entendido como el apareamiento entre bovinos de diferentes razas), es de las actividades reproductivas más utilizadas (43,5 %) siendo en las superficies menores donde mayor impacto tienen (30,7 %), aunque también es una acción muy socorrida en las superficies de mayor extensión, lo cual indica que el tamaño del predio no determina la selección de una raza pura para incrementar la producción. La presencia de ganado criollo se observa en superficies pequeñas (3,2 %), en el resto prácticamente ha desaparecido. Los grupos analizados y descritos comparten elementos comunes y son el sustento del sistema de razas y cruzamientos que impera en la región; no obstante, se debe resaltar la existencia de un contexto genético diverso asentado en todos los agrupamientos por lo que se puede inferir que la elección de una raza u otra, o la opción del cruzamiento no está influido por el tamaño del predio, ni por la edad o experiencia, desarrollo tecnológico o nivel de estudio, más bien parece que la relevancia de mantener el cruzamiento como factor productivo preferencial a una raza pura está condicionado por otro tipo de decisiones que apuntan hacia el mantener animales genéticamente resistentes o rústicos que permitan su sobrevivencia en condiciones geográficas y climáticas adversas y ligado posiblemente al modo de vida campesino indígena.
Zoometria como ferramenta de caracterização morfoestrutural genética em fêmeas da raça Sindi no Brasil
Authors: Mariz T. M. , Gonzaga Neto S. , Pimenta Filho E. P. , Ribeiro M. N. , Givisiez P. E. , Cândido E. P. , Bezerra L. R. , Lima Júnior D. M.
Published: November 2018

Este trabalho foi executado com a finalidade de acrescentar elementos objetivos na avaliação das diferenças genéticas entre as duas bases conhecidas da raça Sindi no Brasil. Para isso, realizou-se a caracterização zoométrica de vacas Sindi utilizando medidas cranianas, morfoestruturais e índices corporais de fêmeas adultas de cinco rebanhos formados a partir das duas bases. Os dados foram submetidos a uma análise de variância e teste de médias (Tukey, 5 % de probabilidade) e posteriormente a uma análise multivariada de componentes principais. Verificou-se diferença estatística significante entre as médias obtidas para a maioria das características estudadas, principalmente nas medidas morfoestruturais e nos índices corporais, demonstrando claramente a formação de grupos distintos em relação à base de formação genética dos rebanhos, o que sugere a presença de duas linhas genéticas distintas da raça no Brasil.
Crescimento, sobrevivência e resistência de larvas de tilápia em função da densidade e da suplementação com vitamina C
Authors: Lima A. F. , Barbosa J. M.
Published: November 2018

Neste experimento, avaliou-se o efeito da densidade de estocagem e da suplementação de vitamina C na dieta sobre o crescimento, sobrevivência e resistência de larvas de tilápia-do-nilo Oreochromis niloticus, durante a fase de inversão sexual. Os indivíduos, mantidos em aquários, foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado e esquema fatorial 3x2 nas densidades 2, 4 e 6 larvas/L e alimentados com ração comercial suplementada com 500 mg kg-1 de vitamina C, perfazendo 850 mg kg-1 ou não, isto é, com 350 mg kg-1, contidos na própria ração comercial. Ao final do experimento foi realizado um teste de exposição ao ar para avaliar o efeito da vitamina C na resistência das larvas. Os melhores pesos finais ocorreram nos tratamentos que receberam dieta suplementada com vitamina C e foram estocados em baixas densidades. O aumento da densidade influenciou negativamente os pesos no decorrer do experimento, mas teve efeito positivo na sobrevivência e resistência das larvas. A variação de crescimento, tanto em peso quanto em comprimento, foi afetada pela interação entre os fatores avaliados.
Comportamiento productivo de pollos que se alimentaron con granos tostados de Cajanus cajan
Authors: Herrera G. S. M. , Díaz C. A. , Macías V. J. , Solís B. T. , Muñoz R. G.
Published: November 2018

Se comparó el comportamiento productivo de 144 pollos de ceba (72 por sexo, con 1 día de edad y 50 g de peso) que se alimentaron con balanceado comercial (grupo control) o la sustitución de una parte del maíz y la soya, por harina de semillas tostadas de gandul (C. cajan) (6%). Los tres tratamientos experimentales (36 animales por grupo) fueron: I, 120 °C por 12 min; II, 130 °C por 15 min; y III: 140 °C por 18 min. Los animales se alojaron en instalaciones rústicas y se criaron en piso, con libre acceso al agua y al alimento las 24 horas del día e iluminación nocturna. Se pesaron cada siete días, 7:30 horas, antes de la ingestión del alimento. El mayor (p
Identifying untapped potential: a geospatial analysis of Florida and California's 2009 recycled water production
Authors: Archer Jana E. , Luffman Ingrid , Andrew Joyner T. , Nandi A.
Published: November 2018

Increased water demand attributed to population expansion and reduced freshwater availability caused by saltwater intrusion and drought, may lead to water shortages. These may be addressed, in part, by use of recycled water. Spatial patterns of recycled water use in Florida and California during 2009 were analyzed to detect gaps in distribution and identify potential areas for expansion. Databases of recycled water products and distribution centers for both states were developed by combining the 2008 Clean Water Needs Survey database with Florida's 2009 Reuse Inventory and California's 2009 Recycling Survey, respectively. Florida had over twice the number of distribution centers (n = 426) than California (n = 228) and produced a larger volume of recycled water (674.85 vs. 597.48 mgd (3.78 mL/d = 1 mgd), respectively). Kernel Density Estimation shows the majority of distribution in central Florida (Orlando and Tampa), California's Central Valley region (Fresno and Bakersfield), and around major cities in California. Areas for growth were identified in the panhandle and southern regions of Florida, and northern, southwestern, and coastal California. Recycled water is an essential component of integrated water management and broader adoption of recycled water will increase water conservation in water-stressed coastal communities by allocating the recycled water for purposes that once used potable freshwater.
Развитие взглядов на взаимосвязь произвольного движения и его мысленного образа
Authors: Kaminskiy Igor V. , Leonov Sergey V.
Published: November 2018

Введение. Широко известно, что проработка двигательного навыка посредством мысленного представления способствует повышению его скоординированности и результативности. Однако образ рассматривался как гипотетическая основа произвольного движения еще до начала своего практического применения. Статья впервые представляет текущее понимание образа движения как разрешения противоречий, присущих более ранним взглядам, и рассматривает совместимость последних с современной точкой зрения, чем обосновывает необходимость пересмотра некоторых существующих рекомендаций по применению мысленного образа в спорте.
Теоретическое обоснование. Отправной точкой в рассмотрении мысленного образа как основы произвольного движения явилась идеомоторная теория. Моторным эффектам, описанным как неконтролируемое выражение доминирующей идеи, посвящены работы Т. Лэйкока и У. Б. Карпентера. Однако их видение как проявления системной роли образа в контроле движения пришло благодаря трудам И. Ф. Гербарта, Г. Р. Лотце и Э. Харлесса. Экспериментальное подтверждение подобных явлений было получено в ряде инструментальных исследований непроизвольной двигательной активности при ее мысленном представлении, которые поддержали научный интерес к идеомоторной теории в условиях ее критики со стороны бихевиоризма. Разрешение противоречий было предложено на современном этапе М. Джиннеродом, рассматривающим двигательный образ как осознанную репрезентацию лежащих в основе соответствующего движения нейрофизиологических процессов, которая формируется при отсутствии инактивирующей обратной связи от исполнительных органов.
Результаты и их обсуждение. Современное понимание двигательного образа фокусируется на его эквивалентности фактическому движению с точки зрения реализующих его центральных нейрофизиологических процессов и присущих ему свойств, в т. ч. формирования навыка при повторении соответствующего движения. Важную роль в двигательном обучении, особенно на начальных этапах, которую подчеркивал еще П. Ф. Лесгафт, играют когнитивный анализ движения и познание его смысловой структуры с помощью образа. При этом, как показывают исследования, когнитивные и моторные процессы тесно переплетены между собой.
Психическое здоровье и применение антипсихотических препаратов в практике психолого-медицинского сопровождения амбулаторных больных в Азербайджане
Authors: Rasulov Agahasan R. , Aliyeva Roya R. , Talibova Kamala E. , Zeynalova Aynur G. , Aliyeva Gunel N. , Ismayilov Fuad N.
Published: November 2018

Введение. Антипсихотические препараты имеют широкое применение в практике лечения психических расстройств как в период острого психотического состояния, так и на стадии поддерживающей терапии. В этой связи важным требованием при назначении антипсихотиков является соответствие медикаментозного лечения принципам рационального использования лекарственных препаратов. Несмотря на актуальность этих вопросов, изучение особенностей назначений психотропных препаратов амбулаторным больным в Азербайджане до настоящего времени не проводилось. Цель: исследование посвящено изучению применения антипсихотических препаратов в амбулаторной практике и определению факторов, влияющих на выбор дозы препаратов и использование полифармакотерапии.

Методы. В исследование вошли 253 пациента с различными психическими расстройствами, получающие амбулаторное лечение в Центре Психического Здоровья. Подвергавшиеся анализу переменные включали социодемографические характеристики, клинические данные, а также информацию о назначенном им лечении.

Результаты. Ни социодемографические, ни клинические факторы не оказывали существенного влияния на выбор препаратов. Подавляющее большинство амбулаторных больных получали терапию атипичными антипсихотиками, из которых наиболее часто назначался рисперидон. Дозы препаратов, как правило, были ниже рекомендованных, и лишь у 3.2 % больных отмечалось лечение относительно высокими дозами. Более высокие дозы лекарств ассоциировались с диагнозом «шизофрения» и применением полифармакотерапии. В свою очередь, психофармакотерапия ассоциировалась с применением традиционных нейролептиков.

Обсуждение результатов. Полученные результаты предполагают, что лечение в системе амбулаторной помощи предоставляет большие возможности для рационального использования антипсихотических препаратов и позволяет в значительной степени персонализировать фармакотерапию.
Конкуренция за внимание пространственных модуляций градиентов яркости
Authors: Babenko Vitalii V. , Yavna Denis V.
Published: November 2018

Введение. Преаттентивный этап зрительной обработки включает стадию выделения и кодирования градиентов яркости, а также стадию пространственного объединения этой информации. Первая операция реализуется зрительными фильтрами первого порядка (стриарными нейронами), вторая – фильтрами второго порядка (экстрастриарными нейронами). Фильтры второго порядка пропускают области изображения, характеризующиеся наличием пространственных модуляций контраста, ориентации и пространственной частоты (размерности модуляции) и могут играть роль ворот внимания. Целью исследования является установление приоритетов среди модуляций в конкуренции за внимание.

Методы. Все стимулы состояли из трех изображений одного и того же объекта. Эти изображения были сформированы из областей исходного объекта, содержащих модуляции контраста (одно изображение), ориентации (второе изображение) и пространственной частоты (третье изображение). Сами эти области предварительно выделялись из объекта с помощью разработанной модели фильтров второго порядка. В первом эксперименте за внимание конкурировали изображения, сформированные из модуляций разной размерности. Во втором – изображения одной размерности, отличающиеся по пространственной частоте. Привлечение внимания определялось путем регистрации движений глаз.

Результаты. Обнаружено, что в конкуренции между размерностями преимущество имели модуляции контраста и ориентации. Когда выбор осуществлялся между изображениями одной размерности, побеждали изображения, сформированные из «средних» пространственных частот.

Обсуждение результатов. Впервые получены данные о приоритетах среди модуляций в конкуренции за внимание. Установлено, что чем выше средний выход фильтров второго порядка, формирующих тестовое изображение, тем выше вероятность того, что это изображение привлечет внимание испытуемого.

Заключение. Делается вывод, что фильтры второго порядка могут играть роль ворот внимания, при этом преимущество в конкуренции за внимание в задаче обнаружения получают фильтры с большей величиной сигнала на своем выходе. В приложении описываются модели зрительных механизмов второго порядка, использованные при подготовке стимульного материала.
Antibiotics Targeting the 30S Ribosomal Subunit: A Lesson from Nature to Find and Develop New Drugs
Authors: Giuliodori Anna Maria , Spurio Roberto , Milón Pohl , Fabbretti Attilio
Published: November 2018

The use of antibiotics has revolutionized medicine, greatly improving our capacity to save
millions of lives from otherwise deadly bacterial infections. Unfortunately, the health-associated benefits
provided by antibiotics have been counteracted by bacteria developing or acquiring resistance
mechanisms. The negative impact to public health is now considered of high risk due to the rapid
spreading of multi-resistant strains. More than 60 % of clinically relevant antibiotics of natural origin
target the ribosome, the supramolecular enzyme which translates the genetic information into proteins.
Although many of these antibiotics bind the small ribosomal subunit, only a few are reported to inhibit
the initiation of protein synthesis, with none reaching commercial availability. Counterintuitively, translation
initiation is the most divergent phase of protein synthesis between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, a
fact which is a solid premise for the successful identification of drugs with reduced probability of undesired
effects to the host. Such a paradox is one of its kind and deserves special attention. In this review,
we explore the inhibitors that bind the 30S ribosomal subunit focusing on both the compounds with
proved effects on the translation initiation step and the underreported translation initiation inhibitors. In
addition, we explore recent screening tests and approaches to discover new drugs targeting translation.
Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis: From Gold Standard Methods to Promising Leading-edge Technologies
Authors: Pitarch Aida , Nombela César , Gil Concha
Published: November 2018

Invasive Candidiasis (IC) poses a major public health problem worldwide. Despite the introduction
of new antifungal agents and changes in clinical practices, its morbidity and mortality rates and
healthcare costs remain persistently high. This is mainly because of the serious underlying conditions of
infected patients (critically ill or severely immunocompromised patients) and the difficulties encountered
in early diagnosing this opportunistic mycosis and initiating prompt and appropriate antifungal
therapy. In the light of this great clinical challenge, the past decades have witnessed the development of
diverse early detection and therapeutic intervention strategies aimed at minimizing the clinical impact
and economic burden of this healthcare-associated infection caused by Candida species. Here, we review
the currently available methods for IC diagnosis. These encompass (i) gold standard methods (fungal
culture and tissue histopathology), (ii) pathogen-derived biomarker detection tests (PCR, protein antigens,
mannan, ß-D-glucan and D-arabinitol-based assays), (iii) host-derived biomarker detection tests
(Candida albicans germ tube antibodies or CAGTA, anti-mannan antibodies, other infection-specific
antibodies, procalcitonin, serum amyloid A, interleukin 17, interleukin 23 and transforming growth factor
ß-based assays), (iv) clinical prediction algorithms (Candida score, Candida colonization index and
other prediction rules), and (v) leading-edge molecular, proteomic and immunomic technologies (such as
peptide nucleic acid-fluorescent in situ hybridization or PNA-FISH, T2 magnetic resonance or
T2Candida assay, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry or
MALDI-TOF MS, among others). Their strengths, utility, limitations as well as combined use to assist
in the diagnosis of this life-threatening and costly fungal infection (including candidemia and deepseated
candidiasis) are also discussed.
Intron-specific Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Fat Mass and Obesity- Associated Gene in Obese and Overweight Individuals of the Indian Adult Population- A Pilot Study
Authors: Reddy Aakash , Venkatesh Katari , Sahu Sayani , Roy Pallavi Sinha , Datta Konkona , Pearlin  , Reddy L. Vinod Kumar , Moghal Erfath Thanjeem Begum , Mullick Madhubanti , Rao Gundu H.R. , Sen Dwaipayan
Published: November 2018

Background:

The Fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) and its involvement in weight
gain and obesity is well-known. However, no reports have been published on the Indian population regarding
the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in its intronic region and
obesity. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the frequency and association of SNPs in intron-1 of
the FTO gene in obese and overweight Indian adults.

Methods:

This study group consisted of 80 adults, aged 23.5 ± 8.9 yr, with a mean BMI of 28.8 ± 6.2
kg/m2. Genomic DNA was isolated, exons1-3 & intron1 of FTO were amplified using polymerase chain
reaction and sequenced by ABI sequencing detection system. The reported SNPs rs1420185, rs8050136,
rs1121980 and rs55872725 were checked for their presence or absence in this group of the adult Indian
population.

Results:

No mutations were found in the exonic sequence of FTO, however, the association of
rs1420185, rs8050136, rs1121980 and rs55872725 SNPs was identified in this population. The genotypic
frequency at FTO rs8050136 was 32.2% for C>A, at rs55872725 it was 45.7% for C>T, at
rs1420185 it was 27.1% for T>C and at rs1121980 it was 30.5% for G>A. All four SNPs in combination
were observed in 6 participants (10.2%), all of whom were found to be either obese or overweight.

Conclusion:

These findings indicate that Indians with these SNPs are most likely to be at increased risk
of obesity.
Sistema compatible de ahusamiento-volumen comercial para Swietenia macrophylla King (caoba) en Quintana Roo, México
Authors: Hernández Ramos Jonathan , Hernández Ramos Adrián , García Cuevas Xavier , Martínez Ángel Luis , Tamarit Urías Juan Carlos , García Espinoza Guadalupe Geraldine
Published: November 2018

La estimación del volumen comercial es importante para elaborar y ejecutar programas de manejo forestal. El conocer el perfil diamétrico del fuste y la distribución de productos maderables permite realizar evaluaciones financieras de la distribución de productos del arbolado comercial de manera objetiva. La información limitada sobre modelos y sistemas de cubicación para cuantificar volúmenes comerciales en masas arboladas tropicales conduce a plantear el objetivo de generar un sistema segmentado de ahusamiento (d) compatible con el volumen comercial (Vc) para Swietenia macrophylla King (caoba) en bosques tropicales de Quintana Roo. Se colectó una muestra de 116 árboles distribuida en la parte centro y sur del estado; con las variables de ahusamiento, volumen comercial y volumen total se ajustaron tres sistemas compatibles de d-Vc de tipo segmentado. El mejor ajuste estadístico lo presentó el sistema de Fang, al corregir problemas de heterocedasticidad y autocorrelación. Los parámetros b0,b1, y b2 de este sistema corresponden al modelo de Schumacher-Hall para estimar el volumen total. Los puntos de cambio dendrométricos en el fuste se presentan en promedio a 5.6% y 83.1% de la altura total. El factor de forma determinado fue de 0.47 y el índice de esbeltez de 0.48. El sistema de cubicación es una herramienta cuantitativa de apoyo en la elaboración de planes de manejo forestal para S. macrophylla.
PENERAPAN ALAT PEMBELAJARAN “DEMONSTRATION OF EARTHQUAKE” UNTUK MENINGKATKAN LITERASI MITIGASI MATERI LETAK GEOLOGIS INDONESIA DI SMP
Authors: Sari Asri Ratna
Published: November 2018

PENERAPAN ALAT PEMBELAJARAN “DEMONSTRATION OFEARTHQUAKE” UNTUK MENINGKATKAN LITERASI MITIGASIMATERI LETAK GEOLOGIS INDONESIA DI SMP Asri Ratna Sari SMP Negeri 2 BanjarnegaraEmail: asri01ratnasari@gmail.com,  Hp: 082226833849Abstrak        Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menerapakan alat peragapembelajaran “demonstration of earthquake” yang dapatmeningkatkan literasi mitigasi melalui media sosial menggunakansoftware menemu baling, materi letak geologis Indonesia padapembelajaran IPS SMP N 2 Banjarnegara. Metode penelitian inimenggunakan penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan datadengan observasi, catatan harian dan dokumentasi. Hasil  yangdicapai pada pembelajaran  menggunakan alat pembelajaranperaga “demonstration of Earthquake” di kelas VII E semester 1SMP N 2 Banjarnegara tahun pelajaran 2017/2018 adalah sebagaiberikut, berdasarkan  catatan harian peserta didik, dapatdipahami bahwa pada  pembelajaran yang telah lalu, untuk materiletak geologis Indonesia dimana  belum menggunanakan alatperaga “demonstration of earthquake”, secara umum peserta didikmenyatakan pemahaman  tentang materi letak geologis yangkurang tuntas. Peserta didik secara umum juga memandang alatperaga “demonstration of earthquake” dapat memperjelaspemahaman tentang materi letak geologis Indonesia. Lebih lanjutpeserta didik  secara umum menilai pembelajaran menyenangkan,karena dapat memanfaatkan gawai meraka untuk pembelajaran.Untuk data nilai postes, menjunjukkan hasil yang cukupmemuaskan. Hal ini tampak pada  rerata mencapai 74,69. Reratayang cukup baik karena sudah di atas KKM. Nilai tertinggimencapai 86, walaupun  masih ada yang mendapatkan  56 danmerupakan nilai terendah. Sementara  jumlah peserta didik tuntas82,67 %, sudah cukup baik karena mencapai lebih dari separuhjumlah peserta didik. Adapun yang belum tuntas masih   17,24%. Kata Kunci: peraga “demonstration of earthquake”, literasi, mitigasi
Prevalence and Characteristics of Twitter Posts About Court-Ordered, Tobacco-Related Corrective Statements: Descriptive Content Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Kelley Dannielle E , Brown Meredith , Murray Alice , Blake Kelly D
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND

Three major US tobacco companies were recently ordered to publish corrective statements intended to prevent and restrain further fraud about the health effects of smoking. The court-ordered statements began appearing in newspapers and on television (TV) in late 2017.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to examine the social media dissemination of the tobacco corrective statements during the first 6 months of the implementation of the statements.

METHODS

We conducted a descriptive content analysis of Twitter posts using an iterative search strategy through Crimson Hexagon and randomly selected 19.74% (456/2309) of original posts occurring between November 1, 2017, and March 27, 2018, for coding and analysis. We assessed post volume over time, source or author, valence, linked content, and reference to the industry (eg, big tobacco, tobacco industry, and Philip Morris) and media outlet (TV or newspaper). Retweeted content was coded for source/author and prevalence.

RESULTS

Most posts were published in November 2017, surrounding the initial release of the corrective statements. Content was generally neutral (58.7%, 268/456) or positive (33.3%, 152/456) in valence, included links to additional information about the statements (94.9%, 433/456), referred to the industry (87.7%, 400/456), and did not mention a specific media channel on which the statements were aired or published (15%). The majority of original posts were created by individual users (55.2%, 252/456), whereas the majority of retweeted posts were posted by public health organizations (51%). Differences by source are reported, for example, organization posts are more likely to include a link to additional information compared with individual users (P=.03).

CONCLUSIONS

Conversations about the court-ordered corrective statements are taking place on Twitter and are generally neutral or positive in nature. Public health organizations may be increasing the prevalence of these conversations through social media engagement.
Desarrollo curricular de la Licenciatura en Ciencias Políticas y Administración Pública (Administración Pública).
Authors: Döring GonzálezHermosillo Erika
Published: November 2018

La autora realiza una evaluación acerca de cómo la licenciatura en Ciencias Políticas y Administración Pública (Administración Pública) encuentra un lugar irremplazable entre las disciplinas que estudian la relación de la sociedad con el Estado. Para ello, explica la consolidación institucional de la misma mediante la exposición y análisis de los diferentes planes de estudio que ha tenido la carrera, enfatizando sus objetivos, sus características y sus contextos.
El papel actual de la Licenciatura en Ciencias Políticas y Administración Pública. Retos y temas pendientes en la enseñanza de la ciencia publiadministrativa.
Authors: Campuzano Paniagua Gabriel
Published: November 2018

El autor analiza el desarrollo pedagógico de la carrera de Ciencias Políticas y Administración Pública, enfatizando la necesidad de dotarla con herramientas útiles para cumplir con los retos que le impone la globalización. Para ello, propone el aprovechamiento de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación como motores en el desarrollo y la consolidación de los perfiles universitarios que se requieren.
La licenciatura en Ciencias Políticas y Administración Pública y el panorama académico, de investigación y profesional de sus nuevas generaciones.
Authors: García Guzmán Maximiliano
Published: November 2018

El autor explica la consolidación institucional de la carrera a través de sus dimensiones académica, investigativa y profesional. Expone el panorama actual de la licenciatura y las tareas pendientes en su proceso permanente de maduración científica. Ubica temáticas concretas que habrán de ser parte del pensamiento político y publiadministrativo de vanguardia y que serán importantes áreas de exploración por parte de ambas disciplinas.
El estado del arte del capital social comunitario.
Authors: Márquez Zárate Miguel Ángel
Published: November 2018

En este artículo se aborda el panorama actual del capital social en términos conceptuales, metodológicos y empíricos, para lo cual se pone énfasis en la evolución del concepto capital social comunitario presentándolo como una categoría que articula las relaciones de confianza, cooperación y participación locales. Asimismo, el autor describe los debates que han construido este nuevo fenómeno y sus implicaciones en la aplicación de programas de desarrollo social, por lo que se concibe también como una herramienta de cultura política indispensable en el enfoque democrático del ejercicio de gobierno.