bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low linoleic and high docosahexaenoic acids in a severe phenotype of transgenic cystic fibrosis mice
Authors: Strandvik Birgitta , O´ Neal Wanda K , Ali Mohamed A , Hammar Ulf
Published: March 2018

Low linoleic acid concentration is a common finding in patients with cystic fibrosis and associated with severe clinical phenotype. Low docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids are more inconsistently found in patients, but arachidonic/docosahexaenoic ratio is usually high. In animal models with cftr mutations or KO animals for the cftr gene, linoleic acid deficiency has not been consistently reported and some report docosahexaenoic deficiency as the major fatty acid abnormality. We hereby describe fatty acid profile in a severe clinical cystic fibrosis phenotype in mice with a duplication of exon 3 generated in the cystic fibrosis gene of C57B1/6J mice ( cftrm1Bayallele). In 43/50 animals, plasma phospholipid fatty acids were repeatedly analyzed (mean three times/animal) covering ages between 7 and 235 days. Linoleic acid concentrations were significantly lower in cftr−/− mice compared to heterozygotes ( P = 0.03) and wild type mice ( P < 0.001). Females had significantly lower linoleic acid than males, not related to age. Arachidonic acid did not differ but docosahexaenoic acid was higher in cftr−/− than in wild type mice ( P < 0.001). The arachidonic/docosahexaenoic acid ratio did not differ but arachidonic/linoleic acid ratio was higher in cftr−/− mice compared to wild type mice ( P = 0.007). Similar to clinical studies, type of mutation is important for lipid abnormality with low linoleic acid most consistently found in the animals. Rodents differ in metabolism by synthesizing docosahexaenoic acid more efficiently comparing to humans, suggesting greater influence by diet. Precaution seems important when comparing animal and humans.

Impact statement

In translational research, animal models are important to investigate the effect of genetic mutations in specific diseases and their metabolism. Special attention has to be given to differences in physiology and metabolism between species and humans, which otherwise can hazard the conclusions. Our work illustrates that the different synthesis capacity in mice and humans for DHA would explain different results in different models for cystic fibrosis and different influences of diets. To avoid disappointing clinical results, these facts have to be considered before extensive clinical studies are started based on results from single animal studies.
Re-treatment of residual aneurysms after flow diversion: An experimental study
Authors: Fahed Robert , Darsaut Tim E , Kotowski Marc , Salazkin Igor , Raymond Jean
Published: March 2018

Aim

Flow diverters are increasingly used to treat aneurysms, but treatment is not always effective. The management of aneurysms that fail to occlude following flow diversion is problematic. We aimed to reproduce failures in an animal model and study re-treatment with additional flow diverters alone or with flow diverters and liquid embolic agent.

Material and methods

Twenty wide-necked aneurysms were created at the carotid-lingual bifurcation in 10 dogs, and were treated with flow diverters 4–6 weeks later. Follow-up angiography was performed at three months. Suitable residual aneurysms were randomly allocated: re-treatment with flow diverters alone ( n = 6), or with the injection of liquid embolic between two layers of flow diverters ( n = 4) or no re-treatment ( n = 2). Angiography was repeated three months later, followed by euthanasia, photography and pathology.

Results

Patent wide-necked aneurysms were produced in 17/20 attempts (85%); three months after flow diversion there were 15/17 (88%) residual aneurysms. In three cases, re-treatment was not possible because the flow diverter had prolapsed into the aneurysm, leaving 12 aneurysms to study. Re-treated aneurysms showed improved angiographic results at six months (median score of 2; P = 0.03), but residual aneurysms were present in all cases. Parent artery occlusion occurred in two aneurysms treated with flow diverter plus liquid embolic. At pathology, aneurysms were only partially filled with thrombus; leaks through the flow diverters were found in the neointima connecting the arterial lumen to residual aneurysms.

Conclusion

Re-treatment of residual flow-diverted experimental aneurysms with additional flow diverters did not lead to aneurysm occlusion.
Salvage arthrodesis of a failed total ankle replacement using a custom 3D-printed cage implant: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Preston Nathaniel LP , Wilson Matthew , Hewitt Elizabeth A
Published: March 2018

We present a case report of a 66-year-old female who underwent salvage arthrodesis after a failed Scandinavian Total Ankle Replacement secondary to aseptic loosening and talar subsidence. Secondary to the loss of talar integrity the decision was made to proceed with revisional ankle arthrodesis. To maintain limb length the primary surgeon (EH) elected to use a custom cage implant in combination with an intramedullary nail construct in a single stage approach. The custom cage was augmented with autograft & allograft cancellous bone in addition to allograft recombinant human bone morphogenic protein, and allograft adult mesenchymal stem cells. The incision sites healed post-operatively without incident and at post-op week 16 the patient progressed to full unrestricted weight bearing in normal shoe wear with a gauntlet ankle brace. Although an isolated report, this case shows promise for further development of the technique. We believe this revisional arthrodesis technique warrants further research and consideration as a potential addition to the failed total ankle arthroplasty treatment algorithm.
Socioeconomic integration of early professional Hong Kongers in Taipei, Taiwan
Authors: Chiang Lan Hung Nora , Lin Ping
Published: March 2018

This study applies the thesis of privileged migration to early Hong Kongers coming to Taiwan since the early 1960s as a case study in ‘North–South’ migration that takes place between regions that are in different stages of economic development. Its focus is on these immigrants’ economic achievements and their social and cultural integration in the host society. Qualitative methods were used to conduct face-to-face interviews with 40 Hong Kongers ranging in age from 39 to 77, most of whom were living in Taipei. They came as overseas Chinese students, employees, and marriage and family migrants. As most had received university educations or higher, their skills and working experiences met the demands of the Taiwan job market at the time, and they had all become successfully established in a variety of white-collar professional jobs. Despite cultural differences, they had developed careers, contributed to Taiwan’s economy, and integrated well, and most were not thinking of returning to Hong Kong.
What keeps China’s floating population from moving?
Authors: Hao Pu , Tang Shuangshuang
Published: March 2018

Research on China’s internal migration has mostly focused on moving rather than staying. Urban destinations of migrants are often seen as discrete points of economic opportunity in space, exerting a magnetic force on the rural population from the countryside. But after commencing their urban lives, rural migrants start to perceive their host cities and towns as places that entail value and meaning, which may encourage them to settle. This paper examines how the settlement intentions of rural migrants vary across urban destinations and socioeconomic backgrounds. A questionnaire survey dataset of 10,896 rural migrants in cities of different tiers in Jiangsu Province is used to unravel the factors that predict rural migrants’ settlement intentions. In addition, interviews with rural migrants and their family members are examined to explore the personal experiences and subjective perceptions that may contribute to their inclinations to settle in the city. Results indicate that the factors which encourage rural migrants to settle differ significantly from those which drive them to migrate. Economic and social resources and a resultant sense of (in)security are the prominent factors affecting rural migrants’ intentions to settle in cities.
The Role of School Counselors in Meeting Students’ Mental Health Needs: Examining Issues of Professional Identity
Authors: Dekruyf Lorraine , Auger Richard W. , Trice-Black Shannon
Published: March 2018

The professional identity of school counselors has evolved over time. This article traces the historical context driving this evolution, and suggests it is time for the profession to conjoin the roles of educational leader and mental health professional. This proposal is prompted by heightened awareness of unmet student mental health needs, referrals that go unmet, school counselors displaced by other mental health providers in schools, the potential loss of the unique school counselor role, and the natural link between the mental health professional role and the array of personal-social factors that impact student achievement. A conjoint professional school counselor identity that includes the roles of both educational leader and mental health professional positions school counselors to better respond to all students, including those with mental health needs. This article discusses potential roadblocks and offers suggestions for action.
Understanding Latina/O Students’ Perceptions of High School Counselors and Acculturation as Predictors of Enrollment in Ap Courses
Authors: Vela Javier Cavazos , Zamarripa Manuel X. , Balkin Richard S. , Johnson Michael B. , Smith Robert L.
Published: March 2018

In this study, 184 Latina/o students provided their perceptions of support from high school counselors and their levels of acculturation, Mexican orientation, and Anglo orientation. Perceptions of expectations, perceptions of appraisal, and Mexican orientation were significant predictors of enrollment in Advanced Placement (AP) courses. The authors did not find gender differences between males and females across perceptions of support and acculturation. This article discusses the importance of these findings and offers implications for school counselors.
Introduction to the Concept of Likelihood and Its Applications
Authors: Etz Alexander
Published: March 2018

This Tutorial explains the statistical concept known as likelihood and discusses how it underlies common frequentist and Bayesian statistical methods. The article is suitable for researchers interested in understanding the basis of their statistical tools and is also intended as a resource for teachers to use in their classrooms to introduce the topic to students at a conceptual level.
Are active labour market policies effective in activating and integrating low-skilled individuals? An international comparison
Authors: Escudero Verónica
Published: March 2018

This paper examines the effectiveness of active labour market policies (ALMPs) in improving labour market outcomes, especially of low-skilled individuals, by means of a pooled cross-country and time series database for 31 advanced countries during the period 1985–2010. The analysis includes aspects of the delivery system to see how the performance of ALMPs is affected by different implementation characteristics. Among the notable results, the paper finds that ALMPs matter at the aggregate level, but mostly through an appropriate management and implementation. In this regard, sufficient allocation of resources to programme administration and policy continuity appear to be particularly important. Moreover, start-up incentives and measures aimed at vulnerable populations are more effective than other ALMPs in terms of reducing unemployment and increasing employment. Interestingly, the positive effects of these policies seem to be particularly beneficial for the low skilled.

JEL Classification: J08, E24, H5, J68, D78
Implementing a Childhood Cancer Outcomes Surveillance System Within a Population-Based Cancer Registry
Authors: Ramirez Oscar , Aristizabal Paula , Zaidi Alia , Ribeiro Raul C. , Bravo Luis E. ,   on behalf of VIGICANCER Working Group
Published: March 2018

Purpose

Approximately 80% of cases of childhood cancer occur in low- and middle-income countries and are associated with high mortality rates. Assessing outcomes is essential for designing effective strategies to improve outcomes equally worldwide. We implemented a real-time surveillance system, VIGICANCER, embedded in a population-based cancer registry (PBCR) to assess childhood cancer outcomes.

Methods

VIGICANCER was established in 2009 as an integral part of Cali’s PBCR to collect real-time data on outcomes of patients (age < 19 years) with a new diagnosis of cancer treated in pediatric oncology units in Cali, Colombia. Baseline and follow-up data (death, relapse, treatment abandonment, second neoplasms) were collected from medical records, hospital discharge logs, pathology reports, death certificates, and the National Public Health Insurance database. A quality assurance process was implemented for the system.

Results

From 2009 to 2013, data from 1,242 patients were included in VIGICANCER: 32% of patients were younger than 5 years, 55% were male, and 15% were Afro-descendants. International Classification of Childhood Cancer group I diagnoses predominated in all age groups except children younger than 1 year old, in whom CNS tumors predominated. Five-year overall survival for all cancers was 51.7% (95% CI, 47.9% to 55.4%) for children (< 15 years), and 39.4% (95% CI, 29.8% to 50.5%) for adolescents (15 to 18.9 years). Five-year overall survival for acute lymphoblastic leukemia was 55.6% (95% CI, 48.5% to 62.2%).

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates the feasibility of implementing a real-time childhood cancer outcomes surveillance system embedded in a PBCR that can guide interventions to improve clinical outcomes in low- and middle-income countries.
Feeding difficulties, a key feature of the Drosophila NDUFS4 mitochondrial disease model
Authors: Foriel Sarah , Beyrath Julien , Eidhof Ilse , Rodenburg Richard J. , Schenck Annette , Smeitink Jan A. M.
Published: March 2018

Associated with a great variety in clinical symptoms and a variable degree of severity, mitochondrial diseases in general have a poor prognosis and an often early fatal disease outcome. With an incidence of 1 in 5000 live births and no curative treatments available, relevant animal models to evaluate new therapeutic regimes for mitochondrial diseases are urgently needed. By knocking down ND-18, the unique Drosophila orthologue of NDUFS4, an accessory subunit of the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Complex I), we developed and characterized several dNDUFS4 models that recapitulate key features of the disease. Like in humans, the dNDUFS4 KD flies also display severe feeding difficulties, an aspect of mitochondrial disorders that so far has been largely ignored in animal models. The impact of this finding and an approach to overcome it will be discussed in the context of interpreting disease model characterization and intervention studies.
TMEM55a localizes to macrophage phagosomes to downregulate phagocytosis
Authors: Morioka Shin , Nigorikawa Kiyomi , Okada Eri , Tanaka Yoshimasa , Kasuu Yoshihiro , Yamada Miho , Kofuji Satoshi , Takasuga Shunsuke , Nakanishi Hiroki , Sasaki Takehiko , Hazeki Kaoru
Published: March 2018

TMEM55a (also known as PIP4P2) is an enzyme that dephosphorylates the phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) PtdIns(4,5)P2 to form PtdIns(5)P in vitro. However, the in vivo conversion of the polyphosphoinositide into PtdIns(5)P by the phosphatase has not yet been demonstrated, and the role of TMEM55a remains poorly understood. Here, we found that mouse macrophages (Raw264.7) deficient in TMEM55a showed an increased engulfment of large particles without affecting the phagocytosis of Escherichia coli. Transfection of a bacterial phosphatase with similar substrate specificity to TMEM55a, namely IpgD, into Raw264.7 cells inhibited the engulfment of IgG-erythrocytes in a manner dependent on its phosphatase activity. In contrast, cells transfected with PIP4K2a, which catalyzes PtdIns(4,5)P2 production from PtdIns(5)P, increased phagocytosis. Fluorescent TMEM55a transfected into Raw264.7 cells was found to mostly localize to the phagosome. The accumulation of PtdIns(4,5)P2, PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and F-actin on the phagocytic cup was increased in TMEM55a-deficient cells, as monitored by live-cell imaging. Phagosomal PtdIns(5)P was decreased in the knockdown cells, but the augmentation of phagocytosis in these cells was unaffected by the exogenous addition of PtdIns(5)P. Taken together, these results suggest that TMEM55a negatively regulates the phagocytosis of large particles by reducing phagosomal PtdIns(4,5)P2 accumulation during cup formation.
Conserved spatio-temporal patterns of suction-feeding flows across aquatic vertebrates: a comparative flow visualization study
Authors: Jacobs Corrine , Holzman Roi
Published: March 2018

Suction feeding is a widespread prey capture strategy among aquatic vertebrates. It is almost omnipresent across fishes, and has repeatedly evolved in other aquatic vertebrates. By rapidly expanding the mouth cavity, suction-feeders generate a fluid flow outside of their mouth, drawing prey inside. Fish and other suction feeding organisms display remarkable trophic diversity, echoed in the diversity of their skull and mouth morphologies. Yet, it is unclear how variable suction flows are across species, and whether variation in suction flows supports trophic diversity. Using a high-speed flow visualization technique, we characterized the spatio-temporal patterns in the flow fields produced during feeding in 14 species of aquatic suction feeders. We found that suction-feeding hydrodynamics are highly conserved across species. Suction flows affected only a limited volume of ∼1 gape diameter away from the mouth, and peaked around the timing of maximal mouth opening. The magnitude of flow speed increased with increasing mouth diameter and, to a lesser extent, with decreasing time to peak gape opening. Other morphological, kinematic and behavioral variables played a minor role in shaping suction-feeding dynamics. We conclude that the trophic diversity within fishes, and likely other aquatic vertebrates, is not supported by a diversity of mechanisms that modify the characteristics of suction flow. Rather, we suggest that suction feeding supports such trophic diversity due to the general lack of strong trade-offs with other mechanisms that contribute to prey capture.
Photoreceptor specialization and the visuomotor repertoire of the primitive chordate Ciona
Authors: Salas Priscilla , Vinaithirthan Vall , Newman-Smith Erin , Kourakis Matthew J. , Smith William C.
Published: March 2018

The swimming tadpole larva of Ciona has one of the simplest central nervous systems known, with only 177 neurons. Despite its simplicity, the Ciona CNS shares common structure with the CNS of its close chordate relatives, the vertebrates. The recent completion of a larval Ciona CNS connectome creates enormous potential for detailed understanding of chordate CNS function, yet our understanding of Ciona larval behavior is incomplete. We show here that Ciona larvae have a surprisingly rich and dynamic set of visual responses, including a looming-object escape behavior characterized by erratic circular swims, as well as negative phototaxis characterized by sustained directional swims. Making use of mutant lines, we show that these two behaviors are mediated by distinct groups of photoreceptors. The Ciona connectome predicts that these two behavioral responses should act through distinct, but overlapping, visuomotor pathways, and that the escape behavior is likely to be integrated into a broader startle behavior.
The Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Milk and Dairy Products in Balikesir, Turkey
Authors: EKTIK NISANUR , GÖKMEN MUKADDERAT , ÇIBIK RECEP
Published: March 2018

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen that causes severe infections in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the antimicrobial profile of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in cow bulk tank milk and dairy products in the region of Balikesir in Turkey. Of 175 milk and dairy products’ samples, 26 were found to be positive for coagulase-positive staphylococci and 3 (2 samples from cow bulk tank milk and 1 sample from tulum cheese) were MRSA phenotypically being resistant against both oxacillin and cefoxitin. Among these, 17 were confirmed as S. aureus by the detection of nuc gene and one as MRSA carrying the mecA gene. All MRSA isolates were found to be also resistant against ampicillin, penicillin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Consequently, even though the prevalence of MRSA in cow bulk tank milk and dairy productswas relatively low (1.70%), it may pose serious risks in terms of food safety and public health. In order to prevent the prevalence of MRSA in dairy products, hygienic measures, especially in terms of personal hygiene and disinfection of equipment in all stages of dairy production, should be taken, and HACCP and GMP regulations should be implemented.
INTERRELATION OF INDICATORS OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE DIAPHRAGM AND PULMONARY HEMODYNAMICS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: Меньшикова Ираида , Men'shikova Iraida , Перлей Виталий , Perley Vitaliy , Скляр Ирина , Sklyar Irina , Квасникова Юлия , Kvasnikova Yuliya , Магаляс Елена , Magalyas Elena
Published: March 2018

The aim of the study was to study the correlation between the indices of the functional state of the diaphragm and pulmonary hemodynamics in COPD patients at different stages of chronic pulmonary heart (CPH). 79 patients with COPD were examined. Patients were divided into 2 groups, taking into account the pulmonary artery pressure and the presence of clinical signs of right ventricular failure. The first group included 40 COPD patients complicated by compensated CPH; the second group included 39 patients with decompensated CPH. A complex examination of intracardiac hemodynamics and functional state of the diaphragm was carried out at the XD-11 XE device PHILIPS (USA). The following results were obtained: in patients with compensated CPH there was an increase in the thickness of the diaphragm, a decrease in the diaphragm mobility during tidal and forced breathing, and an increase in the rate of contraction of the diaphragm during tidal and forced breathing. Patients with decompensated CPH were found to have an increase in the thickness of the diaphragm, a sharp decrease in the diaphragm excursion during tidal and forced breathing, a decrease in the fraction of thickening of the muscular part of the diaphragm. The correlation analysis revealed the most informative ultrasound indices of the impairment of the functional state of the diaphragm in patients with COPD, significantly associated with pulmonary hemodynamic indices: diaphragm excursion during tidal and forced breathing, relaxation rate of the diaphragm muscle, thickness and fraction of thickening of the muscular part of the diaphragm. Determination of the functional state of the diaphragm in patients with COPD allows an early detection of signs of respiratory muscle dysfunction, a timely appointment of corrective therapy, and prevention of the development and progression of pulmonary-cardiac failure.
LYMPHOMAS OF MEDIASTINUM: POSTPROCESSING OF TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGES
Authors: Леншин Анатолий , Lenshin Anatoliy , Ильин Андрей , Il'in Andrey , Одиреев Андрей , Odireev Andrey , Крайнов Сергей , Kraynov Sergey
Published: March 2018

The syndrome of lymphadenopathy (lymph-node hyperplasia) takes place in many diseases that are different by etiology, clinical course, methods of treatment and prediction. While identifying the cause of lymphadenopathy the diagnostic search should be based on the clinical situation (the character of lymphadenopathy, the presence of other symptoms, anamnestic data, the character of changes in the peripheral blood and others). The choice of the most informative method of diagnosis is defined by the diagnostic hypothesis with the consideration of the data of the primary examination of the patient, the parameters of the peripheral blood as well as the values of sensitivity and specificity of the corresponding method of study for verification of the disease supposed. The basis of this research was the material of computed-tomography examination of chest organs in 491 patients with different forms of mediastinum lymphomas in the consultative policlinic of the Far-Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration from 2011 till 2017. Among them there were sarcoidosis of intrathoracic lymph glands of the first, second and partially third stage (n=432); Hodgkin's lymphoma (n=17); metastases in lymph glands of mediastinum (n=25); lymphosarcoma (n=12), tuberculosis of lymph glands in adults (n=5). Beside prevailing digital radiologic studies, multispiral computed tomography was done to all of them and 78% went through fiberbronchoscopy. The verification was in 82% of patients: transbronchial biopsy under ultrasound visualization (72%) and transthoracic open biopsy (28%).
ASSOCIATION OF ARTERIAL STIFFNESS WITH MARKERS OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION AND SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: Кулик Екатерина , Kulik Ekaterina , Павленко Валентина , Pavlenko Valentina , Нарышкина Светлана , Naryshkina Svetlana
Published: March 2018

In order to analyze the relationship between the indices of arterial stiffness and the markers of vascular endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation, 69 patients with severe COPD and high-risk (GOLD 2013) during an exacerbation were examined. The stiffness of the vascular wall was determined with the help of an automatic sphygmograph and a sphygmomanometer "VaSera VS-1000". For the study, the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV-aorta), right and left cardiovascular vascular index (R/L-CAVI) were chosen. Determination of the indices of systemic inflammation and vascular damage was carried out in the blood serum by the method of enzyme immunoassay. Analysis of the quantitative characteristics of arterial stiffness in patients with severe COPD and high risk revealed that in general in the group the studied indices were significantly higher than those of healthy individuals. The mean age of the vessels in the group of patients exceeded the biological age by 11.5% and amounted, on average, to 68.46-1.22 years. The in-group analysis revealed that concentrations of biomarkers of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were higher in COPD patients with R-CAVI values greater than 9, compared with less than 9 in the R-CAVI group. In a separate correlation analysis, it was found that the increase in the basic indices of arterial stiffness was associated both with the level of the indicators of systemic inflammation, and with the biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction. The obtained interrelations show that the formation of excessive vascular stiffness in patients with severe COPD of high risk is associated with the activation of inflammatory mediators and endothelial dysfunction, mostly with high levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, endothelin-1, homocysteine and TNF-α, and that’s why the determination of these parameters of AS is recommended, first of all, to these patients. The registration of events that manifest interdependent changes in the processes of vascular bed remodeling, systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction will allow early detection of patients with increased cardiovascular risk and timely intensification of therapy in this category of patients
CLINICAL AND FUNCTIONAL PARTICULIARITIES OF ARTERIAL STIFFNESS UNDER CONCOMITANT CARDIOPULMONARY PATHOLOGY (REVIEW)
Authors: Танченко Ольга , Tanchenko Ol'ga , Нарышкина Светлана , Naryshkina Svetlana
Published: March 2018

At present time chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered to be an airway disease with respiratory and systemic manifestations. Cardiovascular diseases have the largest influence on COPD severity among numerous coexisting diseases. These diseases are united together with such pathogenic factors as a sedentary lifestyle, disorder of lipid metabolism and hemostasis, endothelial dysfunction. Tissue hypoxia, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, activation of neurohumoral systems, disorder of water-electrolyte metabolism, and also chronic systemic inflammation are the basic pathogenetic mechanisms of development of the coexisting cardiac pathology of patients with COPD. At the same time the regularities of changing of the clinical picture, peculiarities of a disease course, and also outcomes of COPD in case of comorbidity are still insufficiently studied. Today the main attention is focused on the introduction of noninvasive methods of diagnose of vessels’ elastic properties into clinical practice. Stiffness (rigidity) of the arterial wall studied through the use of the volume sphygmography method is considered to be one of the informative markers of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Pulse wave velocity depends on the stiffness of the vessel wall: the higher the vessel’s stiffness is, the thicker the vessel’s wall is and the smaller its diameter is, then the faster the pulse wave velocity is. An early disease detection of changings of arterial stiffness and metabolic disorders has an important clinic and prognostic value and makes it possible to coordinate therapy timely with the combined cardiopulmonary pathology and avert negative consequences of hemodynamic complications.
Analysis of adolescents’ opinions on suicide prevention
Authors: Kielan Aleksandra , Cieślak Ilona , Skonieczna Joanna , Olejniczak Dominik , Jabłkowska-Górecka Karolina , Panczyk Mariusz , Gotlib Joanna , Walewska-Zielecka Bożena
Published: March 2018

Cel pracy

Celem niniejszej pracy jest poznanie opinii młodzieży w wieku 16-19 lat, uczęszczającej do warszawskich publicznych liceów ogólnokształcących, na temat efektywności profilaktyki samobójstw.

Metoda

Populacja badana objęła młodzież, która w roku 2015 była w wieku 16-19 lat (M = 17,29; SD = 0,94). Respondenci uczęszczali do ośmiu warszawskich publicznych liceów ogólnokształcących z ośmiu różnych dzielnic. Badanie było reprezentatywne. W badaniu uczestniczyło 1439 respondentów – 821 dziewcząt (57,1%) i 592 chłopców (41,1%). Badanie przeprowadzono metodą PAPI. Kwestionariusz zawierał 34 pytania.

Wyniki

Respondenci najczęściej nie wiedzieli czy w Polsce istnieje zorganizowany system zapobiegania samobójstwom (42,0%), ale duża część respondentów (39,7%) miała świadomość, że taki system w Polsce nie istnieje. Respondenci uważali działalność szkoły (46,7%), Kościoła (38,3%) i policji (55,9%) za nieskuteczną, jednostek opieki zdrowotnej (47,7%) i mediów (46,6%) za mało skuteczne, natomiast rodzinę (70,9%) za skuteczną w zakresie zapobiegania samobójstwom. Osoby, które upatrują znaczącą rolę kościoła równocześnie wskazują na znaczący udział rodziny w zapobieganiu samobójstwom, a w znacznie mniejszym stopniu innych z wymienionych instytucji.

Wnioski

1. Ponad 1/3 badanej młodzieży zdaje sobie sprawę, iż w Polsce nie istnieje zintegrowany system zapobiegania samobójstwom.
2. Najważniejszą rolę w prewencji zachowań autodestrukcyjnych, w opinii licealistów, pełni rodzina.
3. Istnieje potrzeba większego zaangażowania szkół, Kościoła, policji, jednostek służby zdrowia oraz mediów w edukację i uświadamianie młodzieży w kwestii profilaktyki zachowań autodestrukcyjnych.
La muerte por la patria en el nacionalismo vasco: una indagación desde el sujeto
Authors: Martínez Rueda Fernando
Published: March 2018

Este artículo estudia la idea del sacrificio por la patria en el nacionalismo vasco del siglo XX. Tomando como hilo conductor de nuestro relato la figura de Joseba Elosegi, símbolo del gudari dispuesto a entregar su vida por la patria, realizamos un recorrido histórico por el componente sacrificial del nacionalismo vasco desde los tiempos de Sabino Arana hasta la Transición a la democracia. Nuestra conclusión es que la idea del sacrificio por la patria arraigó de forma muy intensa y persistente en el imaginario abertzale debido a diferentes factores como la formulación religiosa del nacionalismo aranista, su visión agónica de la identidad vasca, la específica cultura de la guerra civil del nacionalismo vasco o la trasmisión de una memoria mitificada de la experiencia bélica. Como consecuencia de ello, todavía a finales del siglo XX el nacionalismo pragmático y el radical pugnaban por el legado del gudari, símbolo del sacrificio por la patria vasca.
Dejar de informar: La prensa italiana y el debate sobre el “apagón informativo” tras los ataques de las Brigadas Rojas
Authors: Re Matteo
Published: March 2018

Este trabajo analiza la actitud de la prensa frente a la amenaza terrorista de las Brigadas Rojas y la oportunidad de limitar la información relacionada con la banda. El grupo terrorista Brigadas Rojas tras cada atentado solía difundir unos comunicados de reivindicación de sus acciones violentas. Con el paso del tiempo, ese goteo de información suministrada por parte de los terroristas hizo que el mundo del periodismo cuestionara la oportunidad de seguir publicando los textos que provenían de una banda armada. El debate se hizo particularmente intenso durante dos acciones perpetradas por los brigadistas: los secuestros, por un lado del presidente de la Democracia Cristiana Aldo Moro, que acabaría con la muerte del rehén, y por otro, del juez Giovanni D’Urso, liberado tras más de un mes de cautiverio.
Marcas dictatoriales y universidad: el caso de los estudiantes que se burlaron de su escuela. Santiago de Chile, 1977
Authors: Candina Azun Soledad
Published: March 2018

El artículo presenta un análisis sobre las relaciones de poder y resistencia al interior de la universidad intervenida por la Dictadura chilena liderada por el general Augusto Pinochet (1973-1990), a partir de un caso de un caso puntual: la investigación interna en la Escuela de Sociología de la Universidad de Chile ante las denuncias de activismo político y mala calidad de la docencia aparecida en 1977.
Orality, Germanic Literacy and Runic Inscriptions in Anglo-Saxon England
Authors: Daly James
Published: March 2018

The presence of runic writing before the influx of Latinate literacy in Anglo-Saxon England is often neglected when investigating the transitional nature of orality and literacy in vernacular Anglo-Saxon writing. The presence of runes in Anglo-Saxon society and Old English manuscripts supports the theory that Old English poetry operated within a transitional period between orality and literacy (as argued by O'Keeffe (1990), Pasternack (1995), Amodio (2005)). However runic symbols problematize the definition of orality within Old English oral-formulaic studies because runic writing practices predate Latinate literacy in England. This article explores the possibility that the orality contained within Old English poetry is a form of secondary orality due to the pre-existence of runic writing in Anglo-Saxon England. This form of secondary orality occurs within the wider social cultural shift between primary orality and modern hyper-literate states as runes act as a literary representation of change within the construction of thought and literature in the English language. This article suggests that runes can be understood as a type of ‘transitional literacy’ between primary orality and Latinate derived literary practices. They act as a way of composing and recording thought as text while still maintaining elements strongly associated with the construction of a primary oral culture in how the texts are interpreted by a culture familiar with writing. Therefore clarification must be made when understanding Old English as a transitional poetic form, namely that the nature and degree of transition contained within Old English poetry builds upon runic inscriptions as it represents a transition between  a Germanic and Latinate forms of textuality and literacy.
adverCidade (voz e papel)
Authors: Rodrigues Américo
Published: March 2018

adverCidade (dezembro de 2016) é a peça criada por Américo Rodrigues para integrar este número da revista Materialidades da Literatura. Construída a partir de um complexo jogo linguístico, e das possibilidades combinatórias que este potencia, adverCidade é afinal uma reflexão sobre o lugar do poeta na praça de jorna: são as multifacetas de uma cidade (Guarda?) onde o poeta (Américo?) é o seu mais feroz e fricativo adversário, adverso a contra-verso, dado como nado morto - mas vivo! - ainda que amordaçado, adVergastado, como se ouve ecoando nos gemidos e rugidos de um Américo capaz de engolir cidades e adverCidades. Em primeiro plano, o poeta pReverso diverte-se na decomposição da palavra, um trava-língua travado à partida advvvvffff….. enunciando o verso do verso jamais converso na voz adversa.

Gravação: César Prata, no Estúdio RequeRec, em dezembro de 2016
Perfil Empreendedor: O Caso da Mula sem Cabeça
Authors: Borba João Francisco , Marinho Sidnei Vieira , Alberton Anete
Published: March 2018

“Perfil empreendedor: O caso da mula sem cabeça” descreve uma situação-problema de um jovem empreendedor que conquista o objetivo de ter sua própria loja de revenda de uma marca de vestuário com a qual teve uma relação de aproximação e carinho durante anos. Após conseguir abrir a loja no principal shopping center da cidade de Balneário Camboriú, litoral Norte de Santa Catarina, enfrenta o dilema entre dedicar-se integralmente ao papel de empresário ou largar a empresa em que trabalha há dez anos. Contextualmente, existem ainda uma iminente crise econômica nacional que pode agravar a perda de rendimentos no negócio próprio, além de seus problemas pessoais, envolvido num caso em que foi lesado num investimento imobiliário. O caso foi escrito com o objetivo pedagógico de trabalhar em sala de aula o empreendedorismo, o empreender e as características do empreendedor.
Comunicação em Spin-Offs Acadêmicas: Um Estudo Exploratório em Empresas de Base Biotecnológica
Authors: Frota Rute de Alencar , De Freitas Ana Augusta Ferreira
Published: March 2018

A transferência de tecnologia das universidades para o mercado vem atraindo a atenção de teóricos e governantes. Um dos mecanismos capazes de possibilitar essa transferência são as spin-offs acadêmicas (SOAs). Neste contexto, a comunicação da ciência é importante para disseminar pesquisas que possam dar origem a esse tipo de empresa, sendo uma vertente no estudo das spin-offs que recebe pouca atenção da literatura. Diante do problema, o objetivo deste estudo é descobrir como as SOAs de base biotecnológica se comunicam com seus públicos durante o seu ciclo de vida, que vai desde a pesquisa científica, que origina a empresa, até a fase em que se encontram atualmente. Para cumprir o objetivo, foram estudadas três spin-offs de base biotecnológica incubadas ou já graduadas por incubadoras de empresas. Os resultados apontam que os empreendedores acadêmicos compreendem a importância da comunicação e acreditam que ela pode ter várias finalidades. Apesar disso, apenas uma spin-off inclui a comunicação em seu planejamento estratégico. Desse fato, decorrem outros: não há proposição de pautas e as relações com os jornalistas acabam sendo apenas pontuais. Mesmo assim, a cobertura da mídia sobre essas empresas acontece e é positiva. Mesmo não sendo estratégica, a comunicação ocorre desde a criação das empresas e elas se comunicam de diversas formas: dão visibilidade às suas descobertas nos sites e através da comunicação primária. Com os clientes, as empresas se comunicam principalmente através da internet.
Carbohydrate reserves on postharvest of lisianthus cut flowers
Authors: Cavasini Raquel , Laschi Denise , Tavares Armando Reis , Lima Giuseppina Pace Pereira
Published: March 2018

Floriculture industry demands for products with high quality and durability; however, there is a lack of studies related to the postharvest physiology of cut flowers. We aimed to study phenolic contents of lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) stems treated with ethylene inhibitors (1-Methylcyclopropene - 1-MCP and Salicylic Acid - SA) and different storage temperatures (room at 24 ± 2 °C and pre-exposure to the cold chamber at 9 ± 2 °C for 24 hours) during the post-harvest. Total soluble carbohydrate contents decreased during the experimentation, characterizing the consumption of the reserves during lisianthus post-harvest. The 1-MCP treatment slowed the decrease of total soluble carbohydrate contents. SA treatment had the lowest total soluble carbohydrate contents in both storage temperatures
Using the DEMATEL Method to Explore the Critical Factors That Influence Visitors to Purchase Museum Cultural Products
Authors: Lin Chin-Tsai , Lee Chuan , Wang Sih-Wun , Chen Yi-Hsueh
Published: March 2018

For museums, creating new ways of making income involves implementing pictures, symbols, and cultural elements into cultural products. Many previous studies in marketing about the purchasing behaviors of products only focus on two categories: price and functions. While this focus may have been true in the past, the purpose of this study is to investigate the criteria that consumers use when purchasing cultural products. This study provides cultural product marketing strategies for museums. Developing a marketing strategy is a Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) problem. This study uses the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) technique, which constructs the interactive relationships among the various criteria and subcriteria—including the purchasing of cultural products and building of each criterion’s influential network relationship map (INRM). The results of this study provide marketing managers at museums with an idea-based understanding of how to create marketing strategies that enhance visitors’ needs.
Browne, Janet Charles Darwin. Viajes. Una biografía [volumen 1]
Authors: Arana Bustamante Luis
Published: March 2018

El año 2009 el mundo entero celebró el bicentenario del nacimiento del naturalista Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882) y el sesquicentenario de la publicación de El origen de las especies (1859). En España —entre otras iniciativas editoriales— la Universidad de Valencia asumió la traducción de esta obra, la más larga, documentada y saludada biografía moderna de Darwin. Consta de dos volúmenes, aparecidos en 1995 y 2002 —de cerca de 700 pp. cada uno—, por los cuales su autora, la británica E. Janet Browne, recibió el National Book Critics Award y el Pfizer Prize for Biography de la British History of Science Society.
Actitudes lingüísticas de padres y madres en familias colombianas y mexicanas en Houston: un estudio cualitativo
Authors: Vargas Blanco Edgar Mauricio
Published: March 2018

Este estudio explora las actitudes lingüísticas de padres y madres de familias colombianas y mexicanas que viven en Houston, Estados Unidos. A partir del uso de una metodología cualitativa, con instrumentos como la entrevista y la observación, se busca conocer cómo las actitudes lingüísticas de los padres contribuyen al mantenimiento o la pérdida del español. Los resultados indican que las familias de las dos nacionalidades muestran actitudes positivas hacia el español, pero sus motivaciones difieren. Los padres de familias colombianas muestran una motivación instrumental, ya que ven el español como herramienta para conseguir mejores oportunidades laborales. Los padres de familias mexicanas se muestran más flexibles a su uso en casa y lo aceptan con menos prejuicios que las familias colombianas. Todos los padres manifiestan tener una motivación integrativa, presentan una fuerte identidad grupal, intentan transmitir a sus hijos sentimientos positivos hacia el español y la cultura hispana.
Sennacherib’s third campaign and Hezekiah: A discourse analysis
Authors: Kim Yoo-ki
Published: March 2018

This paper examines the Assyrian records of Sennacherib’s third campaign from a literary perspective by investigating the structure of the text, the means of participant reference, and terms and expressions with ideological connotations. It focuses especially on the representation of the Assyrian king and other participants for or against his rule, elucidating how the author portrays the participants through the use of literary structure as well as particular forms, terms or expressions. It also shows how the author makes use of these devices to paint the Judean king Hezekiah as an archenemy and the target of the third campaign.
CTX-M-15 is established in most multidrug-resistant uropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonaceae from hospitals in Nigeria
Authors: Ogbolu David Olusoga , Terry Alli O. A. , Webber Mark Alexander , Oluremi Adeolu Sunday , Oloyede Omoboriowo Moses
Published: March 2018

β-Lactam antibiotics are widely used to treat urinary tract infections in Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the presence and characteristics of extended spectrum β-lactamases in commonly isolated uropathogenic Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in Nigeria.

Fifty non-duplicate GNB isolates consisting of Escherichia coli, 19; Klebsiella pneumoniae, 21; and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 10 were obtained from three tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. The antibiotic susceptibility testing of all isolates to a panel of antibiotics including minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and extended spectrum β-lactamases was determined. Polymerase chain reactions and sequencing were used to detect β-lactam genes.

Polymerase chain reactions and sequencing identified varying extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) encoding genes for 24 isolates (48.0%). Cefotaximase-Munich (CTX-M) 15 was the dominant gene with 20/24 of the isolates positive at 83.3%; multiple genes (2 to 6 ESBL genes) were found in 20 of the isolates. The isolates encoded other genes such as CTX-M-14, 33.3%; sulfhydryl variable (SHV) variants, 58.3%; oxacillinase (OXA) variants, 70.8%; OXA-10, 29.2%; and Vietnamese extended β-lactamase (VEB) 1, 25.0%. There was no difference between the MIC50 and MIC90 of all the isolates.

The high-level multidrug resistance of uropathogens to third generation cephalosporins including other antibiotics used in this study is strongly associated with carriage of ESBLs, predominantly CTX-M-15, as well as CTX-X-M-14, OXA-10, and VEB-1.
PERKEMBANGAN JIWA NABI MUHAMMAD
Authors: Supenawinata Anwar
Published: March 2018

Man as creature that created by God (khaliq) as khalifah on the earth to carry out the commandment that able to rule, guide, care and maintain the worldwide to serve the God. The prefer man in order to be a good man certainly was destined by Allah Swt with the choise that has been decised by Him. Khaliq as the creature’s (man) creator that perfectly in his creature because consist of the body organs including soul and body, both are the reason why men get a task as khalifah on the earth which differs them from other creature on the earth. Mens in their life have their particular (goodness) and lack (mistake), these show that mans behavior rise down in accord of degree of their each knowledge and experience, thus a Prophet as ordinary people that in his course (development) can not escape from any mistakes.