bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Pulmonary Embolism in Individuals Infected with SARS-CoV2—A Single-Centre Retrospective Study
Authors: Herlo Alexandra , Marinescu Adelina Raluca , Cut Talida Georgiana , Laza Ruxandra , Oancea Cristian Iulian , Manolescu Diana , Hogea Elena , Porosnicu Tamara Mirela , Sincaru Suzana Vasilica , Dumache Raluca , Ispas Sorina , Nelson Twakor Andreea , Nicolae Maria , Lazureanu Voichita Elena
Published: April 2024

The emergence of SARS-CoV2 has presented itself as a significant global health crisis. The prevalence of thrombotic events is known to be high in these patients, affecting various organ systems, sometimes leading to cutaneous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism (PE), stroke, or coronary thrombosis. The available evidence suggests that thromboembolism, hypercoagulability, and the excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines play a significant role in the development of multiorgan failure. Methodology: This retrospective single-centre study was conducted at “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Romania, involving a total of 420 patients diagnosed with COVID-19. We separated them into a CONTROL group that included 319 patients, and an intervention group (PE) with 101 patients that, subsequent to infection with the virus, developed pulmonary embolism. The study included the reporting of demographic data, laboratory findings, and comorbidities. Results: Out of a total of 420 patients, 24% experienced pulmonary embolism, while 21.42% died. Arterial thrombotic events were found to be associated with factors such as age, cardiovascular disease, levels of white blood cells, D-dimers, and albumin in the blood. The findings of the study indicate that there is an independent association between pulmonary thrombosis and hypertension (odds ratio (OR): 1.1; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7 to 1.7; p = 0.6463), cancer (OR: 1.1; 95% CI: 0.6 to 2.3; p = 0.6014), and COPD (OR: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.6 to 2.3; p = 0.4927). On the other hand, there is a stronger correlation between PE and obesity (OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.7 to 4.6; p < 0.0001), diabetes (OR: 3.3; 95% CI: 2 to 5.3; p < 0.0001), and dyslipidemia (OR: 3.6; 95% CI: 2.3 to 5.8; p < 0.0001) in a multivariable regression logistic model. Conclusions: Patients diagnosed with severe forms of COVID-19 display a comparable incidence of arterial thrombotic events, which have been linked to poor survival rates.
Increased Circulating CD14+ Monocytes in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis Presenting Impaired Apoptosis Activity
Authors: Lin Shang-Hung , Hsu Chung-Yuan , Li Sung-Chou
Published: April 2024

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis primarily affecting peripheral and axial joints. The osteolytic effect in the damaged joint is mediated by osteoclast activation. We aimed to investigate differential gene expression in peripheral CD14+ monocytes between patients with psoriatic arthritis (n = 15) and healthy controls (HCs; n = 15). Circulating CD14+ monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells using CD14+ magnetic beads. Cell apoptosis was measured via Annexin V using flow cytometry. The gene expression profiling was analyzed via microarray (available in the NCBI GEO database; accession number GSE261765), and the candidate genes were validated using PCR. The results showed a higher number of peripheral CD14+ monocytes in patients with PsA than in the HCs. By analyzing the microarray data, identifying the differentially expressed genes, and conducting pathway enrichment analysis, we found that the apoptosis signaling pathway in CD14+ cells was significantly impaired in patients with PsA compared to the HCs. Among the candidate genes in the apoptotic signaling pathway, the relative expression level of cathepsin L was confirmed to be significantly lower in the PsAs than in the HCs. We concluded that the numbers of peripheral CD14+ monocytes increased, and their apoptosis activity was impaired in patients with PsA, which could lead to enhanced macrophage maturation and osteoclast activation. The resistance of apoptotic death in peripheral CD14+ monocytes may contribute to active joint inflammation in PsA.
Hearables: In-Ear Multimodal Data Fusion for Robust Heart Rate Estimation
Authors: Żyliński Marek , Nassibi Amir , Occhipinti Edoardo , Malik Adil , Bermond Matteo , Davies Harry J. , Mandic Danilo P.
Published: April 2024

Background: Ambulatory heart rate (HR) monitors that acquire electrocardiogram (ECG) or/and photoplethysmographm (PPG) signals from the torso, wrists, or ears are notably less accurate in tasks associated with high levels of movement compared to clinical measurements. However, a reliable estimation of HR can be obtained through data fusion from different sensors. These methods are especially suitable for multimodal hearable devices, where heart rate can be tracked from different modalities, including electrical ECG, optical PPG, and sounds (heart tones). Combined information from different modalities can compensate for single source limitations. Methods: In this paper, we evaluate the possible application of data fusion methods in hearables. We assess data fusion for heart rate estimation from simultaneous in-ear ECG and in-ear PPG, recorded on ten subjects while performing 5-min sitting and walking tasks. Results: Our findings show that data fusion methods provide a similar level of mean absolute error as the best single-source heart rate estimation but with much lower intra-subject variability, especially during walking activities. Conclusion: We conclude that data fusion methods provide more robust HR estimation than a single cardiovascular signal. These methods can enhance the performance of wearable devices, especially multimodal hearables, in heart rate tracking during physical activity.
Advancing Early Leukemia Diagnostics: A Comprehensive Study Incorporating Image Processing and Transfer Learning
Authors: Haque Rezaul , Al Sakib Abdullah , Hossain Md Forhad , Islam Fahadul , Ibne Aziz Ferdaus , Ahmed Md Redwan , Kannan Somasundar , Rohan Ali , Hasan Md Junayed
Published: April 2024

Disease recognition has been revolutionized by autonomous systems in the rapidly developing field of medical technology. A crucial aspect of diagnosis involves the visual assessment and enumeration of white blood cells in microscopic peripheral blood smears. This practice yields invaluable insights into a patient’s health, enabling the identification of conditions of blood malignancies such as leukemia. Early identification of leukemia subtypes is paramount for tailoring appropriate therapeutic interventions and enhancing patient survival rates. However, traditional diagnostic techniques, which depend on visual assessment, are arbitrary, laborious, and prone to errors. The advent of ML technologies offers a promising avenue for more accurate and efficient leukemia classification. In this study, we introduced a novel approach to leukemia classification by integrating advanced image processing, diverse dataset utilization, and sophisticated feature extraction techniques, coupled with the development of TL models. Focused on improving accuracy of previous studies, our approach utilized Kaggle datasets for binary and multiclass classifications. Extensive image processing involved a novel LoGMH method, complemented by diverse augmentation techniques. Feature extraction employed DCNN, with subsequent utilization of extracted features to train various ML and TL models. Rigorous evaluation using traditional metrics revealed Inception-ResNet’s superior performance, surpassing other models with F1 scores of 96.07% and 95.89% for binary and multiclass classification, respectively. Our results notably surpass previous research, particularly in cases involving a higher number of classes. These findings promise to influence clinical decision support systems, guide future research, and potentially revolutionize cancer diagnostics beyond leukemia, impacting broader medical imaging and oncology domains.
Management of Portal Hypertension in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Systemic Treatment: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives
Authors: De Gaetano Valeria , Pallozzi Maria , Cerrito Lucia , Santopaolo Francesco , Stella Leonardo , Gasbarrini Antonio , Ponziani Francesca Romana
Published: April 2024

The management of CSPH in patients undergoing systemic treatment for HCC has emerged as a critical concern due to the absence of reliable diagnostic criteria and uncertainties surrounding therapeutic approaches. This review aims to underscore the primary pathophysiological aspects linking HCC and PH, while also addressing the current and emerging clinical strategies for the management of portal hypertension. A review of studies from January 2003 to June 2023 was conducted using the PubMed database and employing MeSH terms, such as “hepatocellular carcinoma”, “immune checkpoint inhibitors”, “systemic therapy”, “portal hypertension”, “variceal bleeding” and “tyrosine kinase inhibitors”. Despite promising results of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in animal models for PH and fibrosis, only Sorafenib has demonstrated similar effects in human studies, whereas Lenvatinib appears to promote PH development. The impact of Atezolizumab/Bevacizumab on PH remains uncertain, with an increasing risk of bleeding related to Bevacizumab in patients with prior variceal hemorrhage. Given the absence of specific guidelines, endoscopic surveillance during treatment is advisable, and primary and secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding should adhere to the Baveno VII recommendations. Furthermore, in patients with advanced HCC, refinement of diagnostic criteria for CSPH and guidelines for its surveillance are warranted.
Mixed Reality as a Digital Visualisation Solution for the Head and Neck Tumour Board: Application Creation and Implementation Study
Authors: Karnatz Nadia , Schwerter Michael , Liu Shufang , Parviz Aida , Wilkat Max , Rana Majeed
Published: April 2024

The preparation and implementation of interdisciplinary oncological case reviews are time-consuming and complex. The variety of clinical and radiological information must be presented in a clear and comprehensible manner. Only if all relevant patient-specific information is demonstrated in a short time frame can well-founded treatment decisions be made on this basis. Mixed reality (MR) technology as a multimodal interactive user interface could enhance understanding in multidisciplinary collaboration by visualising radiological or clinical data. The aim of the work was to develop an MR-based software prototype for a head and neck tumour board (HNTB) to support clinical decision-making. The article describes the development phases and workflows in the planning and creation of a MR-based software prototype that were required to meet the multidisciplinary characteristics of a HNTB.
Prevention and Control of the Spread of Pathogens in a University of Naples Engineering Classroom through CFD Simulations
Authors: Portarapillo Maria , Simioli Salvatore , Di Benedetto Almerinda
Published: April 2024

The design of ventilation and air conditioning systems in university classrooms is paramount to ensure students’ correct number of air changes per hour and an optimal thermal profile for their comfort. With the spread of the COVID-19 virus, these systems will inevitably need to evolve to cope with the current virus and any new airborne pathogens. The aim of this study is to analyze the quality of the ventilation system and the importance of the use of PPE in Lecture Hall C of the University of Naples Federico II compared to the premises in Piazzale Tecchio. After dimensioning the lecture theatre with the Autodesk software AutoCAD 2021, CFD simulations were carried out with the Computational Fluid Dynamics program Ansys 2021 R2. To study the trajectory of virus droplets released by a potentially infected student in the center of the classroom, the multispecies model was used, with carbon dioxide serving as the tracer gas for the virus cloud. After determining the CO2 contour zones at fifteen-minute intervals for a total duration of two hours, the probability of infection was calculated using the Wells–Riley equation.
Potentiometric Phosphate Ion Sensor Based on Electrochemically Modified All-Solid-State Copper Electrode for Phosphate Ions’ Detection in Real Water
Authors: He Yang , Han Chenhua , Du Hao , Ye Ying , Tao Chunhui
Published: April 2024

The importance of phosphates has sparked researchers’ considerable interest in the electrochemical detection of phosphates within aqueous solutions in recent years. In this study, we present a novel all-solid-state phosphate ion-selective electrode (ISE) that integrates copper, copper nanoparticles, and copper phosphate. By modifying the copper substrate of the electrode with a copper nanoparticle film and creating a lamellar copper phosphate film through electrochemical treatment, we significantly enhanced the electrode’s electron transfer efficiency. This microstructure with large specific surface area markedly improved the electrode’s responsiveness to the targeted ions by accelerating the achievement of chemical equilibrium on the electrode surface, thereby boosting its sensitivity and stability. The newly developed electrode was capable of detecting phosphate ions in solutions with a pH range from 6 to 11 and performed optimally in neutral solutions at pH 7, following Nernst principle, with a detection limit of 1 × 10−6 M. The electrode exhibited a short response time of less than 10 s with significant reproducibility, stability, longevity—maintaining functionality for more than two months. It also displayed good selectivity as the electrochemical equilibrium was not influenced by up to 1 mM of potential competing species like HCO3−, NO3−, Cl− and SO42−. We compared the detection results of current phosphate ion sensor and conventional determination methods for phosphate content in natural lake and aquaculture water samples, with a detection discrepancy of about 10% (RSD). Considering all feasible performance characteristics combined with its low cost, simple manufacture and portability, the sensor provides a new possibility for rapid, reliable, and long-term real-time in situ detection of phosphates.
Digital Addiction in Children and Affecting Factors
Authors: Oktay Duygu , Ozturk Candan
Published: April 2024

This study was conducted to identify the digital addiction levels of secondary school students in Northern Cyprus and the factors affecting them. The study was a descriptive, cross-sectional and methodological study. In this study, seven primary and secondary schools were selected randomly in Northern Cyprus and a total of 844 students were included in the study. The children scored 48.12 ± 17.46 points on the “Digital Addiction Scale for Children”. Gender, economic status, age, reasons for using the internet, own cell phone, duration of cell phone and computer use, own computer, mother’s education and place of residence significantly affected the children’s digital addiction level (p < 0.05). Digital tools have entered many areas of our lives and while they have positive and helpful aspects, their negative aspects are coming to light day by day. Especially with the COVID-19 pandemic, digital tools have entered our lives more and children have encountered digital tools at an earlier age. It is thought that there is a need to warn about the negative and harmful effects of digital tools on children and to inform families more about this issue. It is recommended not to ignore the negative effects of digital tools and to implement practices to prevent addiction under parental supervision.
Expression Localization of the KRT32 Gene and Its Association of Genetic Variation with Wool Traits
Authors: Chen Zhanzhao , Zhao Fangfang , He Zhaohua , Sun Hongxian , Xi Qiming , Yu Xueqin , Ding Yuan , An Ze , Wang Jiqing , Liu Xiu , Li Mingna , Hao Zhiyun , Li Shaobin
Published: April 2024

Changes in keratin gene expression and spatiotemporal regulation determine the compositional content and cellular localization of wool keratin, thereby affecting wool traits. Therefore, keratin gene family member 32 (KRT32) was selected for a study using RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, and penta-primer amplification refractory mutation system (PARMS) techniques. The results showed that KRT32 mRNA was highly expressed in the skin and localized to the inner root sheath (IRS), outer root sheath (ORS) and dermal papilla (DP). Sequencing results identified eight SNPs in KRT32, and association analyses revealed that the variations were significantly associated with multiple traits in wool (p < 0.05), including MFD, CF and MFC. The constructed haplotype combination H2H3 has higher CF and smaller MFD than other haplotype combination (p < 0.05). In conclusion, KRT32 can be used as a candidate gene for molecular genetic improvement of wool in Gansu Alpine Fine-wool sheep.
Further Evidence for Breeding White-Beaked Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) in Inner Danish Waters
Authors: Alstrup Aage Kristian Olsen , Kinze Carl Chr. , Kristensen Natacha Mia , Jensen Trine Hammer , Thøstesen Charlotte Bie , Larsen Hanne Lyngholm , Sønnichsen Karen Ankersen , Kyhn Line A. , Holm Thomas Eske , Sigsgaard Jens Jørgen , Pagh Sussie
Published: April 2024

The white-beaked dolphin (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) is the second most frequently stranded cetacean species along the Danish coastline. The northern North Sea, the Skagerrak, the Kattegat and the Danish straits are part of the species distributional range. Here, we present eight incidents of breeding activity for the white-beaked dolphin in the inner Danish waters, reviewed from yearly reports made by the National Contingency Plan concerning strandings of marine mammals in Denmark from 2009 to 2023, Danish Wildlife Diseases Surveillance reports from 2014 to 2023 and the citizen science database Naturbasen in the period 2002 to 2023. Three pregnant females, three lactating females and one calf were found stranded in the inner Danish waters. Besides this, there have been live sightings of a female with a newborn calf. We conclude that the white-beaked dolphin is breeding in the inner Danish waters.
Oil/Brine Screening for Improved Fluid/Fluid Interactions during Low-Salinity Water Flooding
Authors: Villero-Mandon Jose , Pourafshary Peyman , Riazi Masoud
Published: April 2024

Low-salinity water flooding/smart water flooding (LSWF/SWF) are used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) because of the improved extraction efficiency. These methods are more environmentally friendly and in many scenarios more economical for oil recovery. They are proven to increase recovery factors (RFs) by between 6 and 20%, making LSWF/SWF technologies that should be further evaluated to replace conventional water flooding or other EOR methods. Fluid/fluid interaction improvements include interfacial tension (IFT) reduction, viscoelastic behavior (elastic properties modification), and microemulsion generation, which could complement the main mechanisms, such as wettability alteration. In this research, we evaluate the importance of fluid/fluid mechanisms during LSWF/SWF operations. Our study showed that a substantial decrease in IFT occurs when the oil asphaltene content is in the range of 0% to 3 wt.%. An IFT reduction was observed at low salinity (0–10,000 ppm) and a specific oil composition condition. Optimal IFT occurs at higher divalent ion concentrations when oil has low asphaltene content. For the oil with high asphaltene content, the sulfates concentration controls the IFT alteration. At high asphaltene concentrations, the formation of micro-dispersion is not effective to recover oil, and only a 5% recovery factor improvement was observed. The presence of asphaltene at the oil/low-salinity brine interface increases the energy required to disrupt it, inducing significant changes in the elastic moduli. In cases of low asphaltene content, the storage modulus demonstrates optimal performance at higher divalent concentrations. Conversely, at high asphaltene concentrations, the dominant factors to control the interface are paraffin content and temperature.
Influence of Climatic Variables on the Stem Growth Rate in Trees of a Tropical Wet Forest
Authors: Valverde Juan Carlos , Arias-Aguilar Dagoberto , Castillo-Ugalde Marvin , Zamora-Villalobos Nelson
Published: April 2024

The growth of tropical wet forests has a significant relationship with the climate; aspects such as temperature and precipitation affect the species; however, few studies have characterized the stem growth rate of tropical tree species. This study’s objective was to characterize the effects of climatic variation on the interannual stem growth rate of eight species in tropical wet forest. Six trees per species were selected (n = 48 trees), and a dendrometer was installed to measure diametric growth bi-monthly between 2015 and 2018 (3 years), complemented with environmental measurements, to determine their growth equations from environmental variables and, finally, to define the relationship between the wood density and the stem growth rate. The results showed an average stem growth from 0.45 to 4.35 mm year−1, and 40 to 70% growth occurred in the months with the highest rainfall. Also, species with higher wood densities were found to have lower stem growth rates. Finally, the analysis of stem growth rate showed a significant relationship in all species between the variables of temperature and precipitation (R2 adj 0.88 to 0.96). Our results suggest that species with greater stem growth rates in wet tropical forests are more susceptible to climate changes, which may affect their dynamics in the face of potential drought scenarios and heat waves associated with climate change.
Monotonic and Cyclic Seismic Analyses of Old-Type RC Columns with Short Lap Splices
Authors: Megalooikonomou Konstantinos G.
Published: April 2024

Reinforced concrete (RC) columns with short lap splices built in the early 1970s or before are known to have deficient seismic strength and ductility. These short lap splices are poorly confined and located right above the foundation level, where it is known that the inelastic demands are high under seismic loading. In this study, a numerical model for estimating the lateral strength and deformation of RC columns with short lap splices is introduced. The latter model is based on local bond–slip analytical models derived from isolated anchored bars through the closed-form solution of the differential equation of bond. The proposed model is correlated to experimental data from cyclic loading tests on RC columns with deficient lap splices. It can be seen that the strength of short lap splices, the failure mode, and the column’s lateral resistance and deformation are in good agreement with the experimental results both under monotonic and cyclic seismic analyses.
Access to Oncology Medicines in Canada: Consensus Forum for Recommendations for Improvement
Authors: Sehdev Sandeep R. , Rawson Nigel S. B. , Aseyev Olexiy I. , Buick Catriona J. , Butler Marcus O. , Edwards Scott , Gill Sharlene , Gotfrit Joanna M. , Hsia Cyrus C. , Juergens Rosalyn A. , Manna Mita , McCarthy Joy S. , Mukherjee Som D. , Snow Stephanie L. , Spadafora Silvana , Stewart David J. , Wentzell Jason R. , Wong Ralph P. W. , Zalewski Pawel G.
Published: April 2024

Patient access to new oncology drugs in Canada is only possible after navigating multiple sequential systemic checkpoints for national regulatory approval, health technology assessment (HTA) and collective government price negotiation. These steps delay access and prevent health care providers from being able to prescribe optimal therapy. Eighteen Canadian oncology clinicians from the medicine, nursing and pharmacy professions met to develop consensus recommendations for defining reasonable government performance standards around process and timeliness to improve Canadian cancer patients’ access to best care. A modified Delphi methodology was used to identify consensus on 30 questions involving five themes: accountability, disparities, endpoints, timeliness, and cost-effectiveness. It was agreed that greater transparency is required across regulatory and HTA processes. Health professionals in oncology are frustrated for their patients because they are unable to deliver the modern guideline-supported therapies they want to provide due to delays in approval or funding. Canadian health care providers request improvements in timely access to life-saving therapeutics in line with other comparator countries. Clinicians expect urgent improvements in Canadian health systems to give our patients their best chance of survival.
Large Language Models in Oncology: Revolution or Cause for Concern?
Authors: Caglayan Aydin , Slusarczyk Wojciech , Rabbani Rukhshana Dina , Ghose Aruni , Papadopoulos Vasileios , Boussios Stergios
Published: April 2024

The technological capability of artificial intelligence (AI) continues to advance with great strength. Recently, the release of large language models has taken the world by storm with concurrent excitement and concern. As a consequence of their impressive ability and versatility, their provide a potential opportunity for implementation in oncology. Areas of possible application include supporting clinical decision making, education, and contributing to cancer research. Despite the promises that these novel systems can offer, several limitations and barriers challenge their implementation. It is imperative that concerns, such as accountability, data inaccuracy, and data protection, are addressed prior to their integration in oncology. As the progression of artificial intelligence systems continues, new ethical and practical dilemmas will also be approached; thus, the evaluation of these limitations and concerns will be dynamic in nature. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the potential application of large language models in oncology, as well as concerns surrounding their implementation in cancer care.
Demographic Analysis of Cancer Research Priorities and Treatment Correlations
Authors: Horgan Denis , Van den Bulcke Marc , Malapelle Umberto , Normanno Nicola , Capoluongo Ettore D. , Prelaj Arsela , Rizzari Carmelo , Stathopoulou Aliki , Singh Jaya , Kozaric Marta , Dube France , Ottaviano Manuel , Boccia Stefania , Pravettoni Gabriella , Cattaneo Ivana , Malats Núria , Buettner Reinhard , Lekadir Karim , de Lorenzo Francesco , Alix-Panabieres Catherine , Badreh Sara , Solary Eric , De Maria Ruggero , Hofman Paul
Published: April 2024

Understanding the diversity in cancer research priorities and the correlations among different treatment modalities is essential to address the evolving landscape of oncology. This study, conducted in collaboration with the European Cancer Patient Coalition (ECPC) and Childhood Cancer International-Europe (CCI-E) as part of the “UNCAN.eu” initiative, analyzed data from a comprehensive survey to explore the complex interplay of demographics, time since cancer diagnosis, and types of treatments received. Demographic analysis revealed intriguing trends, highlighting the importance of tailoring cancer research efforts to specific age groups and genders. Individuals aged 45–69 exhibited highly aligned research priorities, emphasizing the need to address the unique concerns of middle-aged and older populations. In contrast, patients over 70 years demonstrated a divergence in research priorities, underscoring the importance of recognising the distinct needs of older individuals in cancer research. The analysis of correlations among different types of cancer treatments underscored the multidisciplinary approach to cancer care, with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, precision therapy, and biological therapies playing integral roles. These findings support the need for personalized and combined treatment strategies to achieve optimal outcomes. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the complexity of cancer research priorities and treatment correlations in a European context. It emphasizes the importance of a multifaceted, patient-centred approach to cancer research and treatment, highlighting the need for ongoing support, adaptation, and collaboration to address the ever-changing landscape of oncology.
Application of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to Prioritize Real-World Evidence Studies for Health Technology Management: Outcomes and Lessons Learned by the Canadian Real-World Evidence for Value of Cancer Drugs (CanREValue) Collaboration
Authors: Takhar Pam , Geirnaert Marc , Gavura Scott , Beca Jaclyn , Mercer Rebecca E. , Denburg Avram , Muñoz Caroline , Tadrous Mina , Parmar Ambica , Dionne Francois , Boehm Darryl , Chambers Carole , Craig Erica , Trudeau Maureen , Cheung Matthew C. , Houlihan Joanne , McDonald Valerie , Pechlivanoglou Petros , Taylor Marianne , Wasylenko Eric , Wranik Wiesława Dominika , Chan Kelvin K. W.
Published: April 2024

Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a value assessment tool designed to help support complex decision-making by incorporating multiple factors and perspectives in a transparent, structured approach. We developed an MCDA rating tool, consisting of seven criteria evaluating the importance and feasibility of conducting potential real-world evidence (RWE) studies aimed at addressing uncertainties stemming from initial cancer drug funding recommendations. In collaboration with the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health’s Provincial Advisory Group, a validation exercise was conducted to further evaluate the application of the rating tool using RWE proposals varying in complexity. Through this exercise, we aimed to gain insight into consensus building and deliberation processes and to identify efficiencies in the application of the rating tool. An experienced facilitator led a multidisciplinary committee, consisting of 11 Canadian experts, through consensus building, deliberation, and prioritization. A total of nine RWE proposals were evaluated and prioritized as low (n = 4), medium (n = 3), or high (n = 2) priority. Through an iterative process, efficiencies and recommendations to improve the rating tool and associated procedures were identified. The refined MCDA rating tool can help decision-makers prioritize important and feasible RWE studies for research and can enable the use of RWE for the life-cycle evaluation of cancer drugs.
Digital Communication in the Age of Immediacy
Authors: Pedrero-Esteban Luís Miguel , Barrios-Rubio Andrés
Published: April 2024

The media has become a central aspect of everyday life, providing information and entertainment, and serving as a basis for citizen consumption. The content that appears on the internet today is the result of numerous experiences accumulated throughout the history of media, particularly in the last four decades of technological and social development. The following text analyses how the hybridisation of analogue and digital technologies affects audience consumption patterns and expectations, leading to a more flexible relationship with the media. This study employed a theoretical examination of documentary sources, including texts, articles, and digital materials. The findings indicate a shift from simple, vertical, and linear communication systems to networks that enable horizontal and personalised consumption. The conclusion drawn is that technology has redefined structures and concepts, with the smartphone serving as the focal point of media consumption. Living culture is shaped by technology, because the message, more than the specific content, is the meaning, recognition, and exchange of a world that needs to be re-thought.
Assessment of Bacterial Load and Post-Endodontic Pain after One-Visit Root Canal Treatment Using Two Types of Endodontic Access Openings: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Al-Ani Ahmed M. , Ali Ahmed H. , Koller Garrit
Published: April 2024

The need for controlling bacteria and pain during root canal therapy is undeniable. This clinical trial aimed to assess whether there is a difference in colony-forming unit (CFU) reduction after instrumentation and post-endodontic pain after root canal treatment (RCT) using a traditional endodontic cavity (TEC) versus a conservative endodontic cavity (CEC). This clinical study was conducted on 89 patients designated for a single-visit RCT. Patients were allocated randomly (TEC n = 45 and CEC n = 44). The access opening was gained accordingly in each group by a single operator. A pre-instrumentation sample of root canal dentin was collected using an endodontic file; the second sample was collected similarly, right after shaping and cleaning the root canal. The CFU was calculated based on the samples collected. The pain level was recorded preoperatively and at 1, 7, and 21 days postoperatively utilizing a visual analog scale (VAS). There were no statistically significant differences in the CFU reduction between the TEC and CEC groups (p > 0.05). Additionally, there were no statistically significant differences found in postoperative pain levels between the TEC and CEC at 1, 7, and 21 days (p > 0.05). Despite the limitations of this study, both the CEC and TEC demonstrate a decrease in bacteria within the root canals and alleviate postoperative pain with no difference between them.
40-Year Outcome of Old-School, Non-Surgical Endodontic Treatment: Practice-Based Retrospective Evaluation
Authors: Frankenberger Roland , Becker Stephan , Beck-Broichsitter Benedicta , Albrecht-Hass Susanne , Behrens Charlotte J. , Roggendorf Matthias J. , Koch Andreas
Published: April 2024

(1) Background: Non-surgical endodontic treatment has been shown to be clinically successful; however, clinical long-term data are scarce. This practice-based retrospective clinical investigation evaluated endodontic outcomes over 40 years and identified relevant clinical co-factors. (2) Methods: Two experienced dental practitioners in two different private dental practices treated 174 patients with 245 teeth from 1969 to 1993. After root canal obturation, either a new direct restoration (amalgam, resin composite, or glass-ionomer cement) or the re-cementation of a pre-existing prosthetic restoration or renewal of prosthetic restoration followed. Metal posts (operator A) or metal screws (operator B) were inserted when coronal substance loss was significant. The primary outcome (i.e., tooth survival) was achieved when the endodontically treated tooth was, in situ, painless and had full function at the end of the observation period. A secondary outcome, the impact of different prognostic factors on survival rate, was evaluated. (3) Results: The overall mean survival was 56.1% of all treated teeth after 40 years of clinical service, resulting in an annual failure rate of 1.1%. Most investigated clinical co-factors (jaw, tooth position, intracanal dressings, post/screw placement, and gender) showed no significant influence on survival. (4) Conclusions: Even with materials and techniques from the 1970s and 1980s, successful root canal treatment was achievable. Except for post-endodontic restorations, most of the evaluated factors had no significant influence on the clinical long-term survival of root canal-treated teeth.
UAV Swarm Search Path Planning Method Based on Probability of Containment
Authors: Fan Xiangyu , Li Hao , Chen You , Dong Danna
Published: April 2024

To improve the search efficiency of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm in disaster areas, the target distribution probability graph in the prior information is introduced, and a drone cluster search trajectory planning method based on probability of containment (POC) is proposed. Firstly, based on the concept of probability of containment in search theory, a task area division method for polygonal and circular areas is constructed, and the corresponding search trajectory is constructed. Then, the influence of factors, including probability of containment, probability of detection, and probability of success on search efficiency, is sorted out, and the objective function of search trajectory optimization is constructed. Subsequently, an adaptive mutation operator is used to improve the differential evolution algorithm, thus constructing a trajectory optimization process based on the improved adaptive differential evolution algorithm. Through simulation verification, the proposed method can achieve a full coverage search of the task area and a rapid search within a limited time, and can prioritize the coverage of areas with a high target existence probability as much as possible to achieve a higher cumulative success probability. Moreover, the time efficiency and accuracy of the solution are high.
Solutions for Independent Goal Setting and Implementation of Primary School Students Fostering the Competence of Learning to Learn
Authors: Ponomariovienė Jovita , Jakavonytė-Staškuvienė Daiva
Published: April 2024

The paper analyzes what personal goals primary school pupils are able to set on their own and how they achieve them in their decision-making process, thereby developing competence in learning to learn. In this work, the reader will be able to get acquainted with the theoretically grounded concept of the development of competence in learning and the possibilities of developing this competence in primary schools. In addition, it provides practical tools for the quality development of students’ learning competence, where students not only set personal goals and plan the steps to achieve them but also reflect on their experiences. An action research study analyzed the content of students’ (N = 50) personal learning diaries, discussing the students’ learning goals and the choices they make to achieve them and reflecting on the efforts made, and results were obtained in the development of the competence to learn. Based on the study findings, it is evident that fourth-grade students exhibit distinct patterns in individual goal setting, action-planning, and reflection processes. The analysis presented in this paper analyzes the general highlights and overarching themes and provides specific instances of goals, activity tasks, and reflections, offering insight into the cognitive processes of fourth-graders and their perceptions regarding the benefits and challenges of learning.
Development of a New Modelling Concept for Power Flow Calculations across Voltage Levels
Authors: Riedlinger Tobias , Wintzek Patrick , Zdrallek Markus
Published: April 2024

In the context of the energy transition, the share of new loads such as charging infrastructure for electromobility and electric heat pumps as well as feed-ins such as photovoltaic systems will steadily increase. This results in an increased degree of complexity for strategic network planning. In particular, the power flow analyses for the dimensioning of transformers and lines per network level currently still require different methods for the correct dimensioning of these equipment. They need to be carried out in separate data sets. For the dimensioning of the equipment simultaneity factors are predominantly used for realistic load assumptions in strategic network planning. These simultaneity factors and resulting load assumptions are determined from the planning perspective of the transformers and from the planning perspective of the lines per network level to be able to dimension the corresponding equipment. This results in different power flow results for the analysis and evaluation of different network levels in particular. This contribution presents a new concept for network modelling in which the simultaneity of the different planning perspectives of the different network levels results from a single power flow calculation in a coherent data set.
A Lightweight 6D Pose Estimation Network Based on Improved Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling
Authors: Wang Fupan , Tang Xiaohang , Wu Yadong , Wang Yinfan , Chen Huarong , Wang Guijuan , Liao Jing
Published: April 2024

It is difficult for lightweight neural networks to produce accurate 6DoF pose estimation effects due to their accuracy being affected by scale changes. To solve this problem, we propose a method with good performance and robustness based on previous research. The enhanced PVNet-based method uses depth-wise convolution to build a lightweight network. In addition, coordinate attention and atrous spatial pyramid pooling are used to ensure accuracy and robustness. This method effectively reduces the network size and computational complexity and is a lightweight 6DoF pose estimation method based on monocular RGB images. Experiments on public datasets and self-built datasets show that the average ADD(-S) estimation accuracy and 2D projection index of the improved method are improved. For datasets with large changes in object scale, the estimation accuracy of the average ADD(-S) is greatly improved.
Toward Prediction of Energy Consumption Peaks and Timestamping in Commercial Supermarkets Using Deep Learning
Authors: Zhao Mengchen , Gomez-Rosero Santiago , Nouraei Hooman , Zych Craig , Capretz Miriam A. M. , Sadhu Ayan
Published: April 2024

Building energy consumption takes up over 30% of global final energy use and 26% of global energy-related emissions. In addition, building operations represent nearly 55% of global electricity consumption. The management of peak demand plays a crucial role in optimizing building electricity usage, consequently leading to a reduction in carbon footprint. Accurately forecasting peak demand in commercial buildings provides benefits to both the suppliers and consumers by enhancing efficiency in electricity production and minimizing energy waste. Precise predictions of energy peaks enable the implementation of proactive peak-shaving strategies, the effective scheduling of battery response, and an enhancement of smart grid management. The current research on peak demand for commercial buildings has shown a gap in addressing timestamps for peak consumption incidents. To bridge the gap, an Energy Peaks and Timestamping Prediction (EPTP) framework is proposed to not only identify the energy peaks, but to also accurately predict the timestamps associated with their occurrences. In this EPTP framework, energy consumption prediction is performed with a long short-term memory network followed by the timestamp prediction using a multilayer perceptron network. The proposed framework was validated through experiments utilizing real-world commercial supermarket data. This evaluation was performed in comparison to the commonly used block maxima approach for indexing. The 2-h hit rate saw an improvement from 21% when employing the block maxima approach to 52.6% with the proposed EPTP framework for the hourly resolution. Similarly, the hit rate increased from 65.3% to 86% for the 15-min resolution. In addition, the average minute deviation decreased from 120 min with the block maxima approach to 62 min with the proposed EPTP framework with high-resolution data. The framework demonstrates satisfactory results when applied to high-resolution data obtained from real-world commercial supermarket energy consumption.
Numerical Investigation of Flow Boiling in Interconnected Microchannels at Varying Mass Fluxes
Authors: Li Yuanhua , Chen Zhanxiu , Huhe Cang , Su Yao , Xing Hewei
Published: April 2024

Interconnected microchannels (IMCs) in flow boiling have the advantages of optimized heat transfer performance, energy savings and high efficiency, compact size, and strong customizability. They provide new solutions for thermal management and heat transfer at the microscale and have broad application prospects. To further investigate the effect of microchannels with different numbers of transverse sections on the flow boiling heat transfer, we performed numerical simulations on a rectangular microchannel (RMC) and IMCs with 3, 5, and 7 transverse microchannels at high and low mass flux. It was found that fluid experiences similar bubble and slug flow in different numbers of IMCs and the RMC at low mass flux. At a heat flux of q = 90 W/cm2, the downstream regions of the IMCs produce vapor films that span the channels, obstructing the cross-section and weakening the flow exchange between the channels, which lead the heat transfer performance factor of IMC-3, reaching 148.43%, 110.04%, and 116.92% of the RMC, IMC-5, and IMC-7. Under high-quality flux, as the heat flux increases, the heat transfer coefficient increases and the pressure drop decreases due to the existence of lateral microchannels introduced in the interconnected microchannels. Whether at high or low mass flux, structural reasons pertaining to the RMC can easily lead to the accumulation of bubbles and the occurrence of slugs, and the flow boiling instability increases with the increase of heat flux, which leads to a pressure drop and heat transfer performance generally lower than that of IMCs under the same conditions. At q = 120 W/cm2, IMC-7 showed the best heat transfer enhancement. Its heat transfer performance factor was 129.37%, 120.594% and 107.98% of the RMC, IMC-3, and IMC-5, respectively. This article provides theoretical support for the design of interconnected microchannels in thermal management.
Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization of Energy-Saving Measures for Office Building in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Regions
Authors: Xuanyuan Peisong , Zhang Yijie , Yao Jian , Zheng Rongyue
Published: April 2024

To effectively reduce building energy consumption and enhance indoor thermal comfort, this study developed a sensitivity analysis and multi-objective optimization method for an office building in Hangzhou considering the effects of parameter interactions. We utilized Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) to sample the parameters and subsequently simulated the energy consumption and discomfort hours for the building’s four orientations. Following this, Gaussian process regression models were established, and the feature importance ranking method (FIRM) alongside an interaction effects method were employed to quantify the sensitivity of 10 parameters. Lastly, a multi-objective optimization was performed for total energy consumption and discomfort hours, yielding a set of Pareto-optimal solutions. Through the VIKOR method, the optimal solution within the Pareto set was identified, resulting in three sets of optimal solutions.
New Approach for Validation of a Directional Overcurrent Protection Scheme in a Ring Distribution Network with Integration of Distributed Energy Resources Using Digital Twins
Authors: Gómez-Luna Eduardo , De La Cruz Jorge , Vasquez Juan C.
Published: April 2024

This article introduces a new approach for validating directional overcurrent protection schemes in ring-topology electrical distribution systems with distributed energy resources (DERs). The proposed protection scheme incorporates overcurrent and directional functions and addresses DER-induced challenges such as variable short circuit levels. This study employs real-time and offline simulations to evaluate the performance of the protection coordination scheme using a digital twin under DER-supplied loads. The utilization of digital twins offers the possibility to simulate different scenarios, providing real-time responses to dynamic changes and allowing for informed decision-making in response to disturbances or faults. This study aims to present a new approach to validate the performance of the proposed protection scheme when the load is entirely supplied by DERs, highlighting issues such as false trips and protection system blindness resulting from changes in short circuit currents. The results show a breakdown in the coordination of the protection scheme during the fault conditions, demonstrating the effectiveness of digital twins in validating the protection scheme’s performance. Performing an analysis in the electromagnetic transient (EMT) domain improves the validation and refines the results.