bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Configurational paths to the green transformation of Chinese manufacturing enterprises: a TOE framework based on the fsQCA and NCA approaches
Authors: Miao Zeyan , Zhao Guohao
Published: November 2023

In the current complex and ever-changing environment, the high-quality development of manufacturing enterprises has a long way to go. The theoretical framework based on technology, the organization and the environment (TOE) from a configuration perspective provides a new integrated theoretical perspective for studying the green transformation path of Chinese manufacturing enterprises. The research purpose of this article is to use fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and necessary condition analysis (NCA) to explore the configuration effects of various antecedents in the TOE theoretical framework of Chinese manufacturing enterprises, “technology (green technological innovation, digital transformation)-the organization (redundant resources, supply chain concentration, information transparency)-the environment (environmental governance pressure)”, to achieve a green transformation. The research findings show that no single factor is a necessary condition for achieving a high level of green transformation. There are six ways to achieve high green transformation levels for manufacturing enterprises, namely, technology-information collaborative green transformation, technology-supply chain collaborative-driven green transformation, digital-organization collaborative-driven green transformation, innovation-organization collaborative-driven green transformation, organization-environment collaborative-driven green transformation, and full-level multifactor collaborative-driven green transformation. The research conclusion will further expand research on the green transformation of enterprises and provide useful and practical references for green transformation paths of enterprises.
Optimization methods for the distortion of thin-walled box girders and investigation of distortion effects
Authors: Wang Zhaonan
Published: November 2023

To investigate the distortion process of thin-walled box girders, three commonly used methods based on energy variational calculus and static balance analysis are optimized. A generalized analytical formula for box-girder distortion research is derived, and a fourth-order distortion control differential equation is obtained. Typical numerical examples are used to verify and compare the three methods. The results show that the value of distortional warping normal stress calculated by the optimized methods is slightly different from the literature values and that the maximum error between methods does not exceed 5.39%. The calculation results of Method 2 and Method 3 are similar. The values of the geometric distortion characteristics calculated by the three methods are related to the cross-sectional form of the box girder and the distortion analysis process, and the calculated values are not unique. The absolute value of the peak normal stress of distortion on the top plate of a thin-walled box girder with a cantilever plate is smaller than that on the bottom plate. Under a concentrated distortion load, the distribution of the distortion deformation along the length of a simply supported box girder with only end diaphragm is not consistent, and there is reverse deformation near the beam end.
Interfacial electronic states and self-formed asymmetric Schottky contacts in polar α-In2Se3/Au contacts
Authors: Han Sha , Xia Cai-Juan , Li Min , Zhao Xu-Mei , Zhang Guo-Qing , Li Lian-Bi , Su Yao-Heng , Fang Qing-Long
Published: November 2023

In recent years, the two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor α-In2Se3 has great potential for applications in the fields of electronics and optoelectronics due to its spontaneous iron electrolysis properties. Through ab initio electronic structure calculations and quantum transport simulations, the interface properties and transport properties of α-In2Se3/Au contacts with different polarization directions are studied, and a two-dimensional α-In2Se3 asymmetric metal contact design is proposed. When α-In2Se3 is polarized upward, it forms an n-type Schottky contact with Au. While when α-In2Se3 is polarized downward, it forms a p-type Schottky contact with Au. More importantly, significant rectification effect is found in the asymmetric Au/α-In2Se3/Au field-effect transistor. The carrier transports under positive and negative bias voltages are found to be dominated by thermionic excitation and tunneling, respectively. These findings provide guidance for the further design of 2D α-In2Se3-based transistors.
Bipolar neutrosophic WINGS for green technology innovation
Authors: Tian Yuan , Zhang Kecheng
Published: November 2023

Green technology innovation is a crucial assurance of achieving sustainable economic and environmental development, so improving the capability of green technology innovation is an urgent problem. In order to provide a more objective and accurate tool for identifying the most important impact factor of green technology innovation, this study innovatively proposes a new method by combining the bipolar neutrosophic sets with Weighted Influence Nonlinear Gauge System (WINGS) method. Furthermore, this paper intends to provide recommendations in improving green technology innovation capability. We invite five experts to evaluate fifteen factors influencing green technology innovation using the bipolar neutrosophic linguistic variables. Then, the proposed bipolar neutrosophic set WINGS (Bipolar NS-WINGS) method is applied to measure the influence of each impact factor of green technology innovation. Finally, we divide all the factors into cause group and effect group. Moreover, the network relation map is constructed to visualize the interrelationships between all impact factors. The Bipolar NS-WINGS suggests that Science and Technology Innovation Environment (Ω7) is the most important factor of green technology innovation. The result also indicates that R&D Investment (Ω8) is the most influential factor in which it has impacted many other factors. It is obvious that the integrated method not only enriches the research in the field of decision theory, which has not combined the bipolar-NS and WINGS method for analyzing relationships of factors, but also contributes to the improvement of green technology innovation capabilities.
Aotus nancymaae model predicts human immune response to the placental malaria vaccine candidate VAR2CSA
Authors: Doritchamou Justin , Nielsen Morten A. , Chêne Arnaud , Viebig Nicola K. , Lambert Lynn E. , Sander Adam F. , Semblat Jean-Philippe , Hundt Sophia , Orr-Gonzalez Sachy , Janitzek Christoph Mikkel , Spiegel Alicia J. , Clemmensen Stine B. , Thomas Marvin L. , Nason Martha C. , Snow-Smith Maryonne , Barnafo Emma K. , Shiloach Joseph , Chen Beth B. , Nadakal Steven , Highsmith Kendrick , Ouahes Tarik , Conteh Solomon , Sharma Ankur , Torano Holly , Butler Brandi , Reiter Karine , Rausch Kelly M. , Scaria Puthupparampil V. , Anderson Charles , Narum David L. , Salanti Ali , Fried Michal , Theander Thor G. , Gamain Benoit , Duffy Patrick E.
Published: November 2023

Placental malaria vaccines (PMVs) are being developed to prevent severe sequelae of placental malaria (PM) in pregnant women and their offspring. The leading candidate vaccine antigen VAR2CSA mediates parasite binding to placental receptor chondroitin sulfate A (CSA). Despite promising results in small animal studies, recent human trials of the first two PMV candidates (PAMVAC and PRIMVAC) generated limited cross-reactivity and cross-inhibitory activity to heterologous parasites. Here we immunized Aotus nancymaae monkeys with three PMV candidates (PAMVAC, PRIMVAC and ID1-ID2a_M1010) adjuvanted with Alhydrogel, and exploited the model to investigate boosting of functional vaccine responses during PM episodes as well as with nanoparticle antigens. PMV candidates induced high levels of antigen-specific IgG with significant cross-reactivity across PMV antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Conversely, PMV antibodies recognized native VAR2CSA and blocked CSA adhesion of only homologous parasites and not of heterologous parasites. PM episodes did not significantly boost VAR2CSA antibody levels or serum functional activity; nanoparticle and monomer antigens alike boosted serum reactivity but not functional activities. Overall, PMV candidates induced functional antibodies with limited heterologous activity in Aotus monkeys, similar to responses reported in humans. The Aotus model appears suitable for preclinical downselection of PMV candidates and assessment of antibody boosting by PM episodes.
Borohydride and halide dual-substituted lithium argyrodites
Authors: Han Ji-Hoon , Kim Do Kyung , Lee Young Joo , Lee Young-Su , Yi Kyung-Woo , Cho Young Whan
Published: November 2023

We have successfully synthesized new borohydride/halide dual-substituted lithium argyrodites, which have higher ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability and critical current density compared to other halide-only substituted argyrodites.
Fractal-like gold nanonetworks formed by templated electrodeposition through 3D-mesoporous silica films
Authors: Shao Li , Moehl Gilles E. , Huang Ruomeng , Hector Andrew L.
Published: November 2023

Fractal-like networks of gold nanoparticles created by templated electrodeposition are described.
Quantitative imaging methods for heterogeneous multi-component films
Authors: Hooiveld Ellard , Dols Maarten , van der Gucht Jasper , Sprakel Joris , van der Kooij Hanne M.
Published: November 2023

We describe and compare three label-free methods to quantitatively visualize the composition of complex coatings, elucidating segregation patterns such as component layering.
Quantifying nematic order in the evaporation-driven self-assembly of halloysite nanotubes: nematic islands and the critical aspect ratio
Authors: Dadwal Arun , Prasher Meenu , Sengupta Pranesh , Kumar Nitin
Published: November 2023

What determines nanorod self-assembly upon evaporation? Experiments on halloysite nanotubes reveal that rods with an aspect ratio of 6.5 or higher must always exist in a highly aligned nematic state.
Interface engineering of amorphous/crystalline heterojunctions with synergistic Ru doping for efficient hydrazine oxidation assisted overall water splitting
Authors: Liu Zhengyuan , Li Yanyan , Guo Haoran , Zhao Jiayang , Zhang Haotian , Song Rui
Published: November 2023

Developing highly active electrocatalysts for overall water splitting is critical for the extensive implementation of renewable hydrogen.
Superhydrophobic coating with a micro- and nano-sized MnO2/PDMS composite structure for passive anti-icing/active de-icing and photothermal applications
Authors: Li Jialun , Yu Fei , Jiang Yi , Wang Liying , Liu Yaodong , Yang Xijia , Li Xuesong , Lü Wei
Published: November 2023

The prepared coating had good superhydrophobic and photothermal de-icing properties. It could be applied to personal thermal management, oil–water separation and solar-steam generation.
A highly thermally stable Y3AlGa4O12:Cr3+ phosphor for near-infrared pc-LEDs
Authors: Yue Zhihang , Sun Dashuai , Lyu Zeyu , Shen Sida , Lyu Chengliang , Luo Pengcheng , You Hongpeng
Published: November 2023

Highly efficient and luminescent thermally stable Y3AlGa4O12:Cr3+ near-infrared phosphor and phosphor converted light emitting diode applications.
Material calculation and its unconscious: approaching computerization with Heidegger and Lacan
Authors: Heimann Marc , Hübener Anne-Friederike
Published: November 2023

The following paper focuses on discerning a specific epistemic effect that modern computers and especially the technology of artificial intelligence (AI) have. To discern this effect, it is necessary to reflect on the use of mathematics, that is its practice, and its ontological underpinnings. To do this, we combine Heideggerian and Lacanian concepts to approach the theoretical problem that AI and computers pose to the practice of calculation. The paper discusses that the computer as a material calculator has limiting factors that make it unable to utilize important uses of formalization. Central to this is the forced absence of virtual voids, which compels computers to act as if the symbolic would behold to the same structural axioms as the imaginary. Far from being a simple inability of computers, this proximate failure allows us instead to understand AI and modern computation in terms of their use and misuse as an epistemic tool.
Detecting depression on video logs using audiovisual features
Authors: Min Kyungeun , Yoon Jeewoo , Kang Migyeong , Lee Daeun , Park Eunil , Han Jinyoung
Published: November 2023

Detecting depression on social media has received significant attention. Developing a depression detection model helps screen depressed individuals who may need proper treatment. While prior work mainly focused on developing depression detection models with social media posts, including text and image, little attention has been paid to how videos on social media can be used to detect depression. To this end, we propose a depression detection model that utilizes both audio and video features extracted from the vlogs (video logs) on YouTube. We first collected vlogs from YouTube and annotated them into depression and non-depression. We then analyze the statistical differences between depression and non-depression vlogs. Based on the lessons learned, we build a depression detection model that learns both audio and visual features, achieving high accuracy. We believe our model helps detect depressed individuals on social media at an early stage so that individuals who may need appropriate treatment can get help.
Energy transfer dynamics between carbon quantum dots and molybdenum disulfide revealed by transient absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Wu Ruixiang , Liu Xin , Wang Xiaoshuai , Luo Jingjing , Li Bin , Wang Shengzhi , Miao Xiangyang
Published: November 2023

Zero-dimensional environmentally friendly carbon quantum dots (CQDs) combined with two-dimensional materials have a wide range of applications in optoelectronic devices. We combined steady-state and transient absorption spectroscopies to study the energy transfer dynamics between CQDs and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). Transient absorption plots showed photoinduced absorption and stimulated emission features, which involved the intrinsic and defect states of CQDs. Adding MoS2 to CQDs solution, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of CQDs transferred energy to MoS2, which quenched the intrinsic emission at 390 nm. With addition of MoS2, CQD-MoS2 composites quenched defect emission at 490 nm and upward absorption, which originated from another energy transfer from the defect state. Two energy transfer paths between CQDs and MoS2 were efficiently manipulated by changing the concentration of MoS2, which laid a foundation for improving device performance.
TMED10 mediates the trafficking of insulin-like growth factor 2 along the secretory pathway for myoblast differentiation
Authors: Li Tiantian , Yang Feng , Heng Youshan , Zhou Shaopu , Wang Gang , Wang Jianying , Wang Jinhui , Chen Xianwei , Yao Zhong-Ping , Wu Zhenguo , Guo Yusong
Published: November 2023

The insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) plays critical roles in cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival. Despite its importance, the molecular mechanisms mediating the trafficking of IGF2 along the secretory pathway remain unclear. Here, we utilized a Retention Using Selective Hook system to analyze molecular mechanisms that regulate the secretion of IGF2. We found that a type I transmembrane protein, TMED10, is essential for the secretion of IGF2 and for differentiation of mouse myoblast C2C12 cells. Further analyses indicate that the residues 112-140 in IGF2 are important for the secretion of IGF2 and these residues directly interact with the GOLD domain of TMED10. We then reconstituted the release of IGF2 into COPII vesicles. This assay suggests that TMED10 mediates the packaging of IGF2 into COPII vesicles to be efficiently delivered to the Golgi. Moreover, TMED10 also mediates ER export of TGN-localized cargo receptor, sortilin, which subsequently mediates TGN export of IGF2. These analyses indicate that TMED10 is critical for IGF2 secretion by directly regulating ER export and indirectly regulating TGN export of IGF2, providing insights into trafficking of IGF2 for myoblast differentiation.
Probing the self-ionization of liquid water with ab initio deep potential molecular dynamics
Authors: Calegari Andrade Marcos , Car Roberto , Selloni Annabella
Published: November 2023

The chemical equilibrium between self-ionized and molecular water dictates the acid–base chemistry in aqueous solutions, yet understanding the microscopic mechanisms of water self-ionization remains experimentally and computationally challenging. Herein, Density Functional Theory (DFT)–based deep neural network (DNN) potentials are combined with enhanced sampling techniques and a global acid–base collective variable to perform extensive atomistic simulations of water self-ionization for model systems of increasing size. The explicit inclusion of long-range electrostatic interactions in the DNN potential is found to be crucial to accurately reproduce the DFT free energy profile of solvated water ion pairs in small (64 and 128 H
2
O) cells. The reversible work to separate the hydroxide and hydronium to a distance

S

is found to converge for simulation cells containing more than 500 H
2
O, and a distance of

∼

8 Å is the threshold beyond which the work to further separate the two ions becomes approximately zero. The slow convergence of the potential of mean force with system size is related to a restructuring of water and an increase of the local order around the water ions. Calculation of the dissociation equilibrium constant illustrates the key role of long-range electrostatics and entropic effects in the water autoionization process.
Emergent encoding of dispersal network topologies in spatial metapopulation models
Authors: Nicoletti Giorgio , Padmanabha Prajwal , Azaele Sandro , Suweis Samir , Rinaldo Andrea , Maritan Amos
Published: November 2023

We address a generalization of the concept of metapopulation capacity for trees and networks acting as the template for ecological interactions. The original measure had been derived from an insightful phenomenological model and is based on the leading eigenvalue of a suitable landscape matrix. It yields a versatile predictor of metapopulation persistence through a threshold value of the eigenvalue determined by ecological features of the focal species. Here, we present an analytical solution to a fundamental microscopic model that incorporates key ingredients of metapopulation dynamics and explicitly distinguishes between individuals comprising the “settled population” and “explorers” seeking colonization. Our approach accounts for general network characteristics (in particular graph-driven directional dispersal which is known to significantly constrain many ecological estimates) and yields a generalized version of the original model, to which it reduces for particular cases. Through examples, including real landscapes used as the template, we compare the predictions from our approach with those of the standard model. Results suggest that in several cases of practical interest, differences are significant. We also examine, with both models, how changes in habitat fragmentation, including removal, addition, or alteration in size, affect metapopulation persistence. The current approach demonstrates a high level of flexibility, enabling the incorporation of diverse “microscopic” elements and their impact on the resulting biodiversity landscape pattern.
Exact solutions for magnetohydrodynamic nanofluids flow and heat transfer over a permeable axisymmetric radially stretching/shrinking sheet
Authors: Mahabaleshwar U. S. , Vanitha G. P. , Pérez L. M. , Aly Emad H. , Pop I.
Published: November 2023

We report on the magnetohydrodynamic impact on the axisymmetric flow of Al2O3/Cu nanoparticles suspended in H2O past a stretched/shrinked sheet. With the use of partial differential equations and the corresponding thermophysical characteristics of nanoparticles, the physical flow process is illustrated. The resultant nonlinear system of partial differential equations is converted into a system of ordinary differential equations using the suitable similarity transformations. The transformed differential equations are solved analytically. Impacts of the magnetic parameter, solid volume fraction and stretching/shrinking parameter on momentum and temperature distribution have been analyzed and interpreted graphically. The skin friction and Nusselt number were also evaluated. In addition, existence of dual solution was deduced for the shrinking sheet and unique solution for the stretching one. Further, Al2O3/H2O nanofluid flow has better thermal conductivity on comparing with Cu/H2O nanofluid. Furthermore, it was found that the first solutions of the stream are stable and physically realizable, whereas those of the second ones are unstable.
Magnetic proximity effect in the two-dimensional ε-Fe2O3/NbSe2 heterojunction
Authors: Che 车 Bingyu 冰玉 , Hu 胡 Guojing 国静 , Zhu 朱 Chao 超 , Guo 郭 Hui 辉 , Lv 吕 Senhao 森浩 , Liu 刘 Xuanye 轩冶 , Wu 吴 Kang 康 , Zhao 赵 Zhen 振 , Pan 潘 Lulu 禄禄 , Zhu 祝 Ke 轲 , Qi 齐 Qi 琦 , Han 韩 Yechao 烨超 , Lin 林 Xiao 晓 , Li 李 Zi’an 子安 , Shen 申 Chengmin 承民 , Bao 鲍 Lihong 丽宏 , Liu 刘 Zheng 政 , Zhou 周 Jiadong 家东 , Yang 杨 Haitao 海涛 , Gao 高 Hong-Jun 鸿钧
Published: November 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) magnet/superconductor heterostructures can promote the design of artificial materials for exploring 2D physics and device applications by exotic proximity effects. However, plagued by the low Curie temperature and instability in air, it is hard to realize practical applications for the reported layered magnetic materials at present. In this paper, we developed a space-confined chemical vapor deposition method to synthesize ultrathin air-stable ε-Fe2O3 nanosheets with Curie temperature above 350 K. The ε-Fe2O3/NbSe2 heterojunction was constructed to study the magnetic proximity effect on the superconductivity of the NbSe2 multilayer. The electrical transport results show that the subtle proximity effect can modulate the interfacial spin–orbit interaction while undegrading the superconducting critical parameters. Our work paves the way to construct 2D heterojunctions with ultrathin nonlayered materials and layered van der Waals (vdW) materials for exploring new physical phenomena.
CIS-based system for acquiring and transmitting image data
Authors: Xie Boshi , Zhao Lihong
Published: November 2023

The design utilizes a network of CIS lines (DL520-09UHM-S) to design an image data acquisition and transmission system. Using the STM32F1 chip as the control core, the hardware circuit of STM32F1 with DL520-09UHM-S, A/D converter chip, FIFO cache chip and CAN transceiver chip is designed, and the parameters of each device are controlled to complete the acquisition and transmission of image data. The PC processes the data through software to derive the acquired image data.
The Scheme of Movable DC Ice Melting Device Based on the Engine-Generator Topology
Authors: Zhou Xueming , Yao Yao , Ma Xinchi , Feng Zhiqiang , Yu Xiang
Published: November 2023

In this article, an entire scheme of DC ice-melting devices based on the engine-generator topology is proposed to solve the problem of poor portability caused by the current devices. It is found that the engine-generator topology suffers from a power mismatch when starting with load, which may eventually lead to starting failure. A soft-start strategy is proposed to control the power required by the load by controlling the duty cycle of the switching tube to achieve real-time power matching. Compared with the most popular phase-controlled rectifier DC ice melting device, the entire scheme of the device is proposed, which not only achieves continuous voltage and current adjustment but also effectively reduces the ripple of the output and control complexity. The feasibility of the proposed soft-start strategy and the entire scheme of the device is verified by simulation results.
Analysis and Verification of Airborne Instrument Electromagnetic Emission Test
Authors: Lv Fengbao , Cao Changping , Du Xiaoxiao , Liao Sha
Published: November 2023

Electromagnetic compatibility is an important factor affecting aircraft performance and safety. With the increase in the number and type of airborne electronic equipment, the requirements for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of airborne equipment are increasingly high [1]. Taking airborne equipment as an example, this paper introduces in detail the problem locating method and rectification method of GJB151A standard CE102 and RE102 test exceeding the standard. It analyzes and summarizes the improper design and installation of EMI filters leading to tests exceeding the standard and gives the interference suppression method. Finally, the correctness of the method is verified by the EMC test.
Dual Random Noise Suppression Strategy for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Random Pulse Width Modulation and Random High-frequency Injection Method
Authors: Wang Dongwen , Ren Jingzhou , Sun Rui , Zhang Mengfei
Published: November 2023

This study proposes an innovative dual control strategy to tackle the challenge of electromagnetic noise in the sensorless low-speed operation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM). The strategy combines random Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technology with a stochastic high-frequency injection approach. By incorporating two distinct randomized frequency switching techniques into the high-frequency injection circuit, the method integrates two-state Markov chains into both PWM technology and the random high-frequency injection method. Subsequently, a mathematical model for signal processing is developed, and extensive simulation and experimental verification are conducted. The experimental findings affirm the effectiveness of this approach in effectively mitigating electromagnetic noise while ensuring accurate location estimation within an acceptable range.
Design of a novel high-frequency link broadband inverter based on beat frequency principle
Authors: Wang Zi , Zhang Lu , Zhu Kaijun , Lai Zijian , Chen Pan , Ding Nan
Published: November 2023

As a kind of special power supply for testing, the broadband inverter has relatively high research value for technological innovation. With the goal of broadband output, this paper proposes a novel high-frequency link inverter topology based on the beat frequency and LCC resonance. Firstly, the working principle is studied. Then, aiming at large circulation problems in the beat frequency modulation process, the method of the series-connected four-coupling reactor is adopted. Finally, experimental results show that this novel inverter can realize broadband output from 20Hz to 1010Hz with voltage THD not exceeding 3% and the relative frequency error between setting and actual is within 0.2%. The whole work proves that this novel inverter has characteristics of broadband output, high-frequency link, current mode, and soft switching.
A high precision and low power consumption switching capacitor readout circuit
Authors: Jiang Yizhen , Duan Quanzhen , Huang Shengming , Li Penghai
Published: November 2023

In this paper, a high precision and low power switching capacitor readout circuit for MEMS sensors is proposed. The capacitance readout circuit is realized by using the total difference separation loop structure composed of a switching capacitor charge amplifier. In order to reduce the aggravation of common-mode parasitic capacitance to the input offset error and amplifier gain error in the readout circuit, the input common-mode feedback compensation structure and oversampled successive approximation (OSA) readout technology are introduced. In addition, the circuit adopts a non-overlapping nested clock to reduce charge injection and improve output accuracy. Based on SMIC 0.18 μm CMOS technology, the circuit can recognize 0-0.2 pF capacitance signals and convert them into voltage signals, achieving good linear fitting. When the common-mode parasitic capacitance is 1-16 p, it has good resistance to common-mode parasitic capacitance, and the precision of the capacitor readout circuit is increased by 3.9%. Compared with traditional readout circuits, it has a simple structure and low power consumption.
A Novel Nested Array Structure for DOA Based on CCM of Subarrays
Authors: Wang Chen , Huan Hao
Published: November 2023

An innovative nested array structure that can notably increase the DOF and the linear arrays’ direction of arrival (DOA) estimated performance is proposed. For the conventional nested array, we vectorize the ACM’s output of the whole array and then remove the repeated rows to get a virtual array’s output. In contrast with classical nested arrays, the superiority of the new nested array is that it utilizes the combination of reverse ordering and conjugation of the inner uniform linear array (ULA) for one of the two subarrays and the sparse outer ULA for another to increase the array aperture. This means the outer sparse ULA’s sensor spacing is approximately the length of the entire inner ULA in the classical nested array structure. Yet, it is about twice the length in the new nested array structure. We generate one lengthy consecutive virtual uniform array excluding any redundant virtual sensors by vectorizing the two subarrays’ cross-correlation matrix (CCM), which is mentioned above. With the export signal of the virtual array and its conjugate form of it, an equivalent covariance matrix of full rank is constructed, which is called the Toeplitz matrix, to compensate for the rank lack of the virtual array’s ACM. For the sake of obtaining the DOA of input signals, the conventional DOA estimation method will be implemented on the ACM. The increase in outer sparse ULA’s sensor spacing ensures an increase in virtual array aperture in principle, which means it is capable of increasing the number of DOA estimations, which is called DOF, and optimizing the DOA estimated performance in contrast with the ULA and classical nested arrays. Results from trials certify the preponderance of the proposed structure in the aspect of DOF and the accuracy of DOA estimation.
An Enhanced Application Authentication and Key Management in 5G
Authors: Li Jinhui , Huang Chengbin , Wang Jinhua
Published: November 2023

AKMA (Application Authentication and Key Management) is a technology that 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) provides security capabilities to 5G (5th generation wireless systems) as a third party. At present, 3GPP has finalized the publication of AKMA specifications in Release 16 and is developing AKMA phase 2 in Release 18. At the current stage, it is recommended to conduct enhanced research on AKMA to solve some security problems of AKMA. This paper first briefly describes and analyzes the principles and technological development process of two mainstream application authentication technologies GBA (Generic Bootstrapping Architecture) and AKMA, and analyzes the advantages and limitations of these two technologies. Secondly, we also analyze the signaling loss caused by the AKMA process conducted independently by different application servers in the same trust domain, and the security risk caused by the long-term use of the same application key by AKMA users. Finally, this paper proposes solutions to AKMA performance and security problems from the perspective of security, universality, and performance impact.
Research and Application of Anti-electric Shock Communication Terminal Based on Internet of Things Technology
Authors: Ma Wenquan , Yu Haijing , You Yi , Ding Huaxiao
Published: November 2023

Leakage protection cannot effectively identify the voltage and current reception signals of electric shock grounding points that may pose a danger to personal safety through analysis of electric shock parameters, which is inherently inadequate. When a communication electric shock safety accident occurs, the accident site can be visually displayed in the safety prevention and control center, and an alarm is sent out. Meanwhile, relevant control instructions are issued to cut off the accident communication phase line to prevent secondary injury. In this paper, artificial intelligence and Internet of Things technology are applied to the communication system. The tag sensor is used in the monitoring system and is also used as the perception layer. The electric shock receiving signal obtained under the control circuit structure of the Internet of Things is determined by means of S transformation. The physical characteristics of wave frequency sensitivity are analyzed. Then, the external characteristics of biological shock are extracted with the help of the working frequency of each band of wavelet multi-resolution analysis, so that the electric shock model can deal with the hazards that cannot be identified by the traditional perception layer. The deep neural network is optimized to improve the recognition probability. Experiments verify that the recognition rate of the biological electric shock is as high as 99%, which further improves the stability of the leakage protection device and provides a guarantee for the normal operation of the communication system.
China’s growing human displacement risk caused by floods under 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C global warming and beyond
Authors: Qi Wei , Feng Lian , Liu Junguo , Zhu Xueping , Liu Yanli , Kuang Xingxing , Xie Zhigao
Published: November 2023

Human displacement is one of the most pressing global issues, and China has the world’s largest population affected by floods. Yet, the spatial and temporal variations of China’s Human Displacement Risk (HDR) caused by floods remain unclear. Here, we investigated China’s HDR caused by extreme floods under different global warming levels, including 1.5 °C, 2.0 °C and beyond. We developed an approach to estimate human displacement caused by floods in China. Based on this method, our findings indicate that China’s HDR will increase by ∼10.7 (∼11.0) times under 1.5 °C (2.0 °C) warming, and each 0.5 °C warming will increase HDR by 3 million on average. These great increases are mainly driven by climate change rather than population variations. Our results also reveal that the relationship between human displacement and increasing percentage of flood protection levels follows an exponential function. Additionally, we found that increasing China’s current flood protection standard by ∼46% (1.5 °C and 2.0 °C) and ∼59% (4.5 °C) would reduce future HDR to the historical period level. This study provides valuable insights into China’s HDR, which can aid in adaptive flood risk management amid the trend of shifting to a warmer and more extreme climate.
Beyond superoscillation: general theory of approximation with bandlimited functions
Authors: Karmakar Tathagata , Jordan Andrew N
Published: November 2023

We give a general strategy to construct superoscillating/supergrowing functions using an orthogonal polynomial expansion of a bandlimited function. The degree of superoscillation/supergrowth is controlled by an anomalous expectation value of a pseudodistribution that exceeds the band limit. The function is specified via the rest of its cumulants of the pseudodistribution. We give an explicit construction using Legendre polynomials in the Fourier space, which leads to an expansion in terms of spherical Bessel functions in the real space. The other expansion coefficients may be chosen to optimize other desirable features, such as the range of super behavior. We provide a prescription to generate bandlimited functions that mimic an arbitrary behavior in a finite interval. As target behaviors, we give examples of a superoscillating function, a supergrowing function, and even a discontinuous step function. We also look at the energy content in a superoscillating/supergrowing region and provide a bound that depends on the minimum value of the logarithmic derivative in that interval. Our work offers a new approach to analyzing superoscillations/supergrowth and is relevant to the optical field spot generation endeavors for far-field superresolution imaging.
Indigenous Australian grass seeds as grains: macrostructure, microstructure and histochemistry
Authors: Abedi Farkhondeh , Keitel Claudia , Khoddami Ali , Marttila Salla , Pattison Angela L , Roberts Thomas H
Published: November 2023

Utilization of grains of local grasses by Australia’s First Nations people for food and connection to Country has largely been lost due to colonization. Native Australian grain production has the potential to deliver environmental, economic, nutritional and cultural benefits to First Nations people and the wider community. Revitalization of the native grain food system can only be achieved if relevant properties of the grains are elucidated. This study aimed to characterize the grain structure and histochemistry of four Australian native grasses: Dactyloctenium radulans (Button Grass), Astrebla lappacea (Curly Mitchell Grass), Panicum decompositum (Native Millet) and Microlaena stipoides (Weeping Grass). For these species, as well as wheat and sorghum, whole-grain images were obtained via stereo microscopy, starch and the embryo were visualized, and sections of fixed grains were imaged via bright-field and fluorescence microscopy. The shape, size and colour of the whole native grains varied between the species. The aleurone layer was one-cell thick in the native species, as in the domesticated grains, except for Weeping Grass, which had a two-cell-thick aleurone. In the native grains, endosperm cell walls appeared thinner than in wheat and sorghum. Starch granules in Button Grass, Curly Mitchell Grass and Native Millet were found mainly in the central region of the starchy endosperm, with very few granules in the sub-aleurone layer, whereas Weeping Grass had abundant starch in the sub-aleurone. Protein appeared most abundant in the aleurone and sub-aleurone layers of the native grains, although in Button Grass, the starchy endosperm was observed to be rich in protein, as in wheat and sorghum. As a proportion of the whole grain, the embryo was larger in the native species than in wheat. The differences found in the grain properties among the four native Australian species have important implications for the agri-food industry in a changing climate.
Initial Management of Intra-abdominal Abscesses and Preventive Strategies for Abscess Recurrence in Penetrating Crohn’s Disease: A National, Multicentre Study Based on ENEIDA Registry
Authors: Casas Deza Diego , Polo Cuadro Cristina , de Francisco Ruth , Vela González Milagros , Bermejo Fernando , Blanco Ignacio , de la Serna Álvaro , Bujanda Luis , Bernal Lorena , Rueda García José Luis , Gargallo-Puyuelo Carla J , Fuentes-Valenzuela Esteban , Castro Beatriz , Guardiola Jordi , Ladrón Gemma , Suria Carles , Sáez Fuster Julia , Gisbert Javier P , Sicilia Beatriz , Gomez Raquel , Muñoz Vilafranca Carmen , Barreiro-De Acosta Manuel , Peña Elena , Castillo Pradillo Marta , Cerrillo Elena , Calvet Xavier , Manceñido Noemí , Monfort i Miquel David , Marín Sandra , Roig Cristina , Marce Ainhoa , Ramírez de Piscina Patricia , Betoré Elena , Martin-Cardona Albert , Teller Marta , Alonso Abreu Inmaculada , Maroto Nuria , Frago Santiago , Gardeazabal Diego , Pérez-Martínez Isabel , Febles González Ángel David , Barrero Sara , Taxonera Carlos , García de la Filia Irene , Ezkurra-Altuna Ander , Madero Lucía , Martín-Arranz María Dolores , Gomollón Fernando , Domènech Eugeni , García-López Santiago
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Intra-abdominal abscesses complicating Crohn’s disease [CD] are a challenging situation. Their management, during hospitalisation and after resolution, is still unclear.

Methods

Adult patients with CD complicated with intra-abdominal abscess. who required hospitalisation, were included from the prospectively maintained ENEIDA registry from GETECCU. Initial strategy effectiveness and safety to resolve abscess was assessed. Survival analysis was performed to evaluate recurrence risk. Predictive factors associated with resolution were evaluated by multivariate regression and predictive factors associated with recurrence were assessed by Cox regression.

Results

In all, 520 patients from 37 Spanish hospitals were included; 322 [63%] were initially treated with antibiotics alone, 128 [26%] with percutaneous drainage, and 54 [17%] with surgical drainage. The size of the abscess was critical to the effectiveness of each treatment. In abscesses < 30 mm, the antibiotic was as effective as percutaneous or surgical drainage. However, in larger abscesses, percutaneous or surgical drainage was superior. In abscesses > 50 mm, surgery was superior to percutaneous drainage, although it was associated with a higher complication rate. After abscess resolution, luminal resection was associated with a lower 1-year abscess recurrence risk [HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.24-0.76]. However, those patients who initiated anti-TNF therapy had a similar recurrence risk whether luminal resection had been performed.

Conclusions

Small abscesses [<30mm] can be managed with antibiotics alone; larger ones require drainage. Percutaneous drainage will be effective and safer than surgery in many cases. After discharge, anti-TNF therapy reduces abscess recurrence risk in a similar way to bowel resection.
Singing nuns? More on the story of Verona 761
Authors: Rifkin Joshua
Published: November 2023

Considers recent arguments about the choirbook Verona, Biblioteca Capitolare, Ms. dccxli, and a convent in the city where it resides.
Has a national recruitment scheme created a positive intervention for Black, Asian or other Minority Ethnic pharmacy trainees?
Authors: Shamim Atif , Khan Khalid , Faisal Muhammad , Fleming Gail , Porter Helen , Zaman Hadar
Published: November 2023

Objectives

A National Recruitment Scheme (NRS) for Pharmacy trainees was introduced in England and Wales in 2017, standardising recruitment processes on behalf of employers and with the aim of reducing bias for candidates applying to training posts within the National Health Service (NHS). This research attempted to identify whether the introduction of the NRS had an impact on the recruitment of Black, Asian, or other Minority Ethnic applicants into the most sought-after posts within the Scheme (hospital posts).

Methods

An observational study was undertaken. Anonymised pharmacist trainee recruitment data between the cohort intakes of 2015–16 and 2020–21 was obtained from the pharmacy regulator the General Pharmaceutical Council and a comparison of proportional representations of ethnicities was undertaken, to ascertain whether a greater proportion of applicants from minority backgrounds attained the most sought-after posts in the NHS after the NRS was introduced. A robust generalised linear model was then used to analyse the data using binomial as the variance function and logit as a link function, where the proportion of hospital recruitment was an outcome with a two-way interaction between intervention and ethnicity after adjusting for overall proportion.

Key Findings

The statistical analysis of 18 283 pharmacy trainees in total, of whom 4446 were in hospital, shows a significant overall impact of intervention, with a significant positive change in the proportions of Asian-Pakistani applicants (P-value < 0.001) and Black-African applicants (P-value < 0.001) recruited to hospital posts.

Conclusions

Since the introduction of the NRS there has been a statistically significant impact on the correlation between the overall number of Black, Asian or other Minority Ethnic applicants and their proportion in hospital. That is, not only is the makeup of the hospital cohort increasingly reflecting the diversity of the overall cohort, but also a larger percentage of each ethnic cohort is attaining hospital training places.
Development and survivorship of Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) on cultivated and native Vitis spp. (Vitales: Vitaceae) of the Eastern United States
Authors: Elsensohn Johanna E , Nixon Laura J , Kloos Alyssa , Leskey Tracy C
Published: November 2023

As Lycorma delicatula (White) continues to spread across the United States, more winegrapes are potentially susceptible to damage from this pest. Lycorma delicatula, spotted lanternfly, is primarily associated with Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, a tree from its native range that is now globally distributed. While L. delicatula is a known pest of cultivated Vitis spp. in South Korea, its relationship with the specific grape species grown in the United States is unclear. This study assessed L. delicatula survivorship and development on 5 Vitis species, including 2 winegrape V. vinifera L. varieties, ‘Pinot Noir’ and ‘Chardonnay’, Concord grape, Vitis labrusca L., River grape, Vitis riparia Michx., and muscadine grape, Vitis rotundifolia Michx. var. ‘Carlos’. A diet of A. altissima served as a positive control. Lycorma delicatula provided with a diet of V. riparia or V. vinifera ‘Pinot Noir’ yielded the highest survivorship and fastest rates of development among grape diets and were statistically equivalent to those provided with A. altissima. Vitis rotundifolia did not support L. delicatula growth past the third-instar life stage, indicating this species is a poor host for the early development of this pest. Our results indicate that both V. riparia and V. vinifera are favorable hosts for L. delicatula and may provide the means for this insect to invade and establish in new regions.
Three-dimensional analysis of the intracellular architecture by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Koga Daisuke , Kusumi Satoshi , Yagi Hirokazu , Kato Koichi
Published: November 2023

The two-dimensional observation of ultrathin sections from resin-embedded specimens provides an insufficient understanding of the three-dimensional (3D) morphological information of membranous organelles. The osmium maceration method, developed by Professor Tanaka’s group >40 years ago, is the only technique that allows direct observation of the 3D ultrastructure of membrane systems using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), without the need for any reconstruction process. With this method, the soluble cytoplasmic proteins are removed from the freeze-cracked surface of cells while preserving the integrity of membranous organelles, achieved by immersing tissues in a diluted osmium solution for several days. By employing the maceration method, researchers using SEM have revealed the 3D ultrastructure of organelles such as the Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in various cell types. Recently, we have developed new SEM techniques based on the maceration method to explore further possibilities of this method. These include: (i) a rapid osmium maceration method that reduces the reaction duration of the procedure, (ii) a combination method that combines agarose embedding with osmium maceration to elucidate the 3D ultrastructure of organelles in free and cultured cells and (iii) a correlative immunofluorescence and SEM technique that combines cryosectioning with the osmium maceration method, enabling the correlation of the immunocytochemical localization of molecules with the 3D ultrastructure of organelles. In this paper, we review the novel osmium maceration methods described earlier and discuss their potential and future directions in the field of biology and biomedical research.