bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The environmental health literacy level was effectively improved of residents in Shaanxi Province, China, 2022
Authors: Deng Feidan , Wen Xinyue , Dong Guoqiang , Wang Xining , He Huifang , Zhu Ruixuan , Qiao Lichun , Han Jing
Published: January 2025

Background

Environmental health literacy (EHL) aims to enable individuals to make informed choices to reduce health risks and protect the environment.

Objectives

To assess the EHL of residents in Shaanxi Province, China in 2022 and analyze the influencing factors.

Methods

This study was a 2022 cross-sectional survey in Shaanxi Province, China, involving 2,237 residents aged 15 to 69. Participants were selected using a multi-stage random sampling method and surveyed through questionnaires in six cities. The weighted rate was calculated using the seventh National Census data, and influential factors were analyzed using multifactor logistic regression.

Results

According to the survey, the overall EHL level of Shaanxi residents in 2022 was 15.47%. The first-level classification literacy level of EHL was ranked in descending order: basic skills (21.64%), basic concepts (17.93%), and basic knowledge (14.44%). The EHL level was influenced by age, education level, and occupation. People with higher education and certain occupations were more likely to possess EHL, while older individuals and those with lower education levels, especially in rural areas, were less likely to possess it.

Conclusion

The level of EHL among residents in Shaanxi Province in 2022 was higher than in 2020. The findings showed that targeted health education for low EHL groups effectively reduced urban–rural disparities and improved adolescents’ EHL levels.
Current state and promise of user-centered design to harness explainable AI in clinical decision-support systems for patients with CNS tumors
Authors: Prince Eric W. , Mirsky David M. , Hankinson Todd C. , Görg Carsten
Published: January 2025

In neuro-oncology, MR imaging is crucial for obtaining detailed brain images to identify neoplasms, plan treatment, guide surgical intervention, and monitor the tumor's response. Recent AI advances in neuroimaging have promising applications in neuro-oncology, including guiding clinical decisions and improving patient management. However, the lack of clarity on how AI arrives at predictions has hindered its clinical translation. Explainable AI (XAI) methods aim to improve trustworthiness and informativeness, but their success depends on considering end-users’ (clinicians') specific context and preferences. User-Centered Design (UCD) prioritizes user needs in an iterative design process, involving users throughout, providing an opportunity to design XAI systems tailored to clinical neuro-oncology. This review focuses on the intersection of MR imaging interpretation for neuro-oncology patient management, explainable AI for clinical decision support, and user-centered design. We provide a resource that organizes the necessary concepts, including design and evaluation, clinical translation, user experience and efficiency enhancement, and AI for improved clinical outcomes in neuro-oncology patient management. We discuss the importance of multi-disciplinary skills and user-centered design in creating successful neuro-oncology AI systems. We also discuss how explainable AI tools, embedded in a human-centered decision-making process and different from fully automated solutions, can potentially enhance clinician performance. Following UCD principles to build trust, minimize errors and bias, and create adaptable software has the promise of meeting the needs and expectations of healthcare professionals.
Enhancing healthcare cost transparency: assessing implementation challenges, criticisms, and alternative solutions
Authors: Malik Sonia Ali
Published: January 2025

The United States healthcare system grapples with a staggering estimated waste of $935 billion, with pricing failure contributing a substantial $240.5 billion. This paper explores an innovative solution to combat rapidly escalating healthcare costs by proposing measures that would complement the mandated disclosure of healthcare prices. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) introduced a significant rule for hospital pricing, effective January 1, 2021, aiming to enhance transparency and empower patients to make value-based decisions. However, this rule has faced criticisms on various policy grounds which this examination delves into. To address these concerns and enhance the effectiveness of price transparency, this paper suggests complementary and/or alternative strategies and solutions while also examining the engagement of enrollees in price transparency tools.
Ultraviolet-C-based sanitization is a cost-effective option for hospitals to manage health care-associated infection risks from high touch mobile phones
Authors: Cook David C. , Olsen Matthew , Tronstad Oystein , Fraser John F. , Goldsworthy Adrian , Alghafri Rashed , McKirdy Simon J. , Tajouri Lotti
Published: January 2025

Mobile phones have become essential tools for health care workers around the world, but as high touch surfaces, they can harbor microorganisms that pose infection risks to patients and staff. As their use in hospitals increases, hospital managers must introduce measures to sanitize mobile phones and reduce risks of health care-associated infections. But such measures can involve substantial costs. Our objective in this paper was to consider two mobile phone risk mitigation strategies that managers of a hypothetical hospital could implement and determine which involves the lowest cost. The first strategy required all staff to sanitize their hands after every contact with a mobile phone. The second involved the hospital investing in ultraviolet-C-based mobile phone sanitization devices that allowed staff to decontaminate their mobile phones after every use. We assessed each intervention on material and opportunity costs assuming both achieved an equivalent reduction in microbe transmission within the hospital. We found that ultraviolet-C devices were the most cost-effective intervention, with median costs of approximately AUD360 per bed per year compared to AUD965 using hand hygiene protocols. Our results imply that a 200-bed hospital could potentially save AUD1–1.4 million over 10 years by investing in germicidal ultraviolet-C phone sanitizers rather than relying solely on hand hygiene protocols.
Engaging older adults in diagnostic safety: implementing a diagnostic communication note sheet in a primary care setting
Authors: Tran Alberta , Blackall Leah , Hill Mary A. , Gallagher William
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Adults over the age of 65 are at a higher risk for diagnostic errors due to a myriad of reasons. In primary care settings, a large contributor of diagnostic errors are breakdowns in information gathering and synthesis throughout the patient-provider encounter. Diagnostic communication interventions, such as the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's “Be the Expert on You” note sheet, may require adaptations to address older adults' unique needs.

Methods

We recruited and partnered with older adult patients (n = 6) in focus group sessions to understand their perspectives on diagnostic communication and the existing AHRQ note sheet. A two-page communication and clinic workflow tool was developed and implemented over a 6-month period using three Plan-Do-Check-Act cycles. Physicians, nurses, staff, and patients were surveyed.

Results

Most older adult patients (n = 31) found the tailored diagnostic communication note sheet to be easy-to-use, helpful for provider communication, and would recommend its use to other patients. Physicians and staff members were satisfied with the note sheet and described few challenges in using it in practice.

Discussion

Our findings contribute to the growing body of evidence around diagnostic safety interventions and patient engagement by demonstrating the feasibility and benefits of actively involving older adult patients in quality initiatives.
The Evaluative Process Model of Objectification: how men's evaluations of patriarchal security and women's fit with conventional beauty and sexuality norms interact to predict perpetration of sexually objectifying behaviors
Authors: Sáez Gemma , Riemer Abigail R. , Klein Olivier , Gervais Sarah J.
Published: January 2025

Scholars have expanded upon the original scope of Objectification Theory, but theoretical and empirical research on objectification from the perceiver perspective remains underdeveloped. The literature focused on the perceiver perspective has narrowly focused on objectification perpetrated toward extremely attractive and sexualized women, despite objectification being a universal experience amongst all women. In the current paper, we propose the Evaluative Process Model of Objectification (EPO) to predict who sexually objectifies and why women are treated as sexual objects, to then answer toward whom and how sexual objectification may be directed. In particular, the EPO considers perceived attributes of female targets in conjunction with male perceivers' feelings of power. Extending Objectification Theory's suggestion that objectification is pervasive because of the patriarchal cultures women live in, the EPO suggests that objectification is instrumental in men's attempts to preserve and regain their position within the patriarchy. Among men who endorse patriarchal ideologies, perceived patriarchy threat or security is theorized to interact with evaluations of female targets to predict whether objectifying perceptions of female targets result in benevolent, derogative, or dismissive objectifying behaviors. After articulating the EPO, we propose hypotheses to be tested in future research and conclude with a discussion of theoretical and practical implications.
The role of mixed orchards in carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation in a Mediterranean island environment
Authors: Ioannidou Sotiroula , Litskas Vassilis D. , Stavrinides Menelaos , Vogiatzakis Ioannis N.
Published: January 2025

Mixed orchards, planted with different species of tree crops, are a form of a traditional cropping system that has been practiced for millennia in the Mediterranean and provides the important ecosystem service of carbon sequestration. We used six allometric equations (M1-M6) based on existing literature and data from 49 orchards for estimating tree total biomass (TB) and carbon sequestration, based on C content of dry biomass. A species/geographically-specific equation (M1), a genus-specific (M2), a genus/geographically-specific forest equation (M3), two generalized forest allometric equations (M4 and M5) and a generalized agricultural landscape equation (M6) were compared and yielded an average of 15.42, 10.80, 11.39, 6.12, 6.66, and 9.88 Mg C ha−1, respectively. Organic and conventional orchards at the same productive stage did not differ significantly from each other in CO2 sequestration (CO2seq) per tree per year (10.42 and 10 kg CO2eq, respectively). Equation M1, was considered as the most representative (species and environment) for use in perennial Mediterranean orchards. The use of allometric equations is proposed as a simple, effective, and efficient method to estimate CO2 sequestration from mixed orchards using easily measurable biometric characteristics of the trees. The findings are important for the future estimation of CO2 stocks of agricultural landscapes.
Indocyanine green fluorescence-guided laparoscopic central pancreatectomy for complete pancreatic transection trauma: a rare case and literature review
Authors: Wang Xitao , Teng Xiong , Liu Yi , Cheng Wei
Published: January 2025

Background

Pancreatic trauma is a rare solid organ injury. Conservative treatment is often indicated in patients with no pancreatic duct injury, while patients with high-grade pancreatic damage most often require surgical intervention. Laparoscopic central pancreatectomy (LCP) is a parenchyma-sparing approach and can prevent endocrine and exocrine insufficiency after pancreatic resection. Indocyanine green (ICG) fluoroscopy can help the surgeon assess the blood supply of the target organ.

Case presentation

The case we describe here is a 33-year-old male patient who was transferred to our hospital due to blunt abdominal trauma caused by a car accident. The patient was hemodynamically stable on admission and was diagnosed with isolated pancreatic trauma by a multidisciplinary team that included radiologists, emergency physicians, and pancreatic surgeons. The patient then underwent emergency laparoscopic central pancreatectomy, during which we used ICG fluoroscopy to assess the blood perfusion of the damaged pancreas to determine the extent of resection. The patient developed a biochemical fistula (grade A pancreatic fistula) after surgery, and no other intervention was performed except for continuous drainage. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 13. At the 3-month follow-up, the patient did not present any clinical manifestations of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine insufficiency.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports of ICG-guided emergency LCP for blunt abdominal trauma. In selected patients, emergency LCP is feasible and should be supported by a multidisciplinary team and performed by an experienced pancreatic surgeon with advanced laparoscopic skills.
Relationship between serum ECP and TIgE levels and the risk of postoperative recurrence in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Zhang Qing , Li Hui , Xie Di , Fan SiJian
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study was undertaken to assess the association between the likelihood of surgical recurrence and serum ECP and TIgE levels in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).

Methodology

Clinical information was gathered retrospectively from 166 cases of surgically treated CRSwNP as well as 60 cases of chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). A comparative analysis on serum levels of total immunoglobulin E (TIgE) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) was carried out between the two groups. The CRSwNP patients were assigned into recurrence and non-recurrence groups based on the absence/presence of disease recurrence after a 2-year follow-up. An analysis was conducted on the correlation between the patients' clinical data and their serum ECP and TIgE levels. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were utilized to assess the clinical utility of these two biomarkers.

Results

The CRSwNP participants had higher serum levels of ECP and TIgE (4.28 ± 0.81 > 3.58 ± 0.77 ng/L, P < 0.001; 52.99 ± 8.62 > 15.65 ± 3.25 KU/L, P < 0.001) compared to CRSsNP participants. Univariate analysis indicated that neutrophil ratio, lymphocyte ratio, Lund-Kennedy score, Lund-Mackay score, SNOT-22 score, olfactory function score, and postoperative recurrence were significantly correlated with serum ECP and TIgE levels. Higher serum levels of TIgE and ECP (4.89 ± 0.79 < 4.11 ± 0.72, P < 0.001; 58.74 ± 8.27 < 51.40 ± 8.04, P < 0.001) were detected in the recurrence groups vs. the non-recurrence group. Multivariate analysis showed that serum ECP and TIgE were independent risk factors for recurrence of CRSwNP. Serum ECP and TIgE levels were found to be predictive of postoperative recurrence risk in CRSwNP patients (AUC: 0.77, 0.74, 0.84; P < 0.05) according to ROC curve analysis. Significant differences were not observed in any general clinical data.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that elevated serum ECP and TIgE levels in patients with CRSwNP can be as good predictors for the risk of recurrence after endoscopic sinus surgery.
Early detection of canine hemangiosarcoma via cfDNA fragmentation and copy number alterations in liquid biopsies using machine learning
Authors: Ko Soohyun , Jang Jinhee , Yi Sun Shin , Kwon ChangHyuk
Published: January 2025

Hemangiosarcoma is a highly malignant tumor commonly affecting canines, originating from endothelial cells that line blood vessels, underscoring the importance of early detection. This canine cancer is analogous to human angiosarcoma, and the development of liquid biopsies leveraging cell-free DNA (cfDNA) represents a promising step forward in early cancer diagnosis. In this study, we utilized Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) to analyze fragment sizes and copy number alterations (CNAs) in cfDNA from 21 hemangiosarcoma-affected and 36 healthy dogs, aiming to enhance early cancer detection accuracy through machine learning models. Our findings reveal that similar to trends in human oncology, hemangiosarcoma samples exhibited shorter DNA fragment sizes compared to healthy controls, with a notable leftward shift in the primary peak. Interestingly, canine hemangiosarcoma DNA fragment sizes demonstrated eight distinct periodic patterns diverging from those typically observed in human angiosarcoma. Additionally, we identified seven novel genomic gains and nine losses in the hemangiosarcoma samples. Applying machine learning to the cfDNA fragment size distribution, we achieved an impressive average Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.93 in 10-fold cross-validation, underscoring the potential of this approach for precise early-stage cancer classification. This study confirms distinctive cfDNA fragment size and CNA patterns in hemangiosarcoma-affected vs. healthy dogs and demonstrates the promise of these biomarkers in canine cancer screening, early detection, and monitoring via liquid biopsies. These findings establish a foundation for broader research on cfDNA analysis in various canine cancers, integrating methodologies from human oncology to enhance early detection and diagnostic precision in veterinary medicine.
Effects of partial replacement of soybean meal with Chlorella vulgaris and lysozyme on diarrheal incidence, plasma biochemical parameters, and immunity of weaned piglets
Authors: Azad Md. Abul Kalam , Li Bowen , Ye Ting , Qin Binghua , Zhu Qian , Martinez Yordan , Kong Xiangfeng
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The study aimed to investigate the effects of Chlorella vulgaris and lysozyme on growth performance, diarrhea rate, immune function, plasma biochemical parameters, and gut microbiota and metabolites of weaned piglets.

Methods

Thirty weaned Xiangcun black piglets (BW, 11.47 ± 1.13 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: corn-soybean meal-based basal diet (CON group), soybean meal replaced with 5% C. vulgaris (CHV group), and soybean meal replaced with 5% C. vulgaris and 100 mg/kg lysozyme (LYSO group).

Results

Growth performance was not affected by C. vulgaris or C. vulgaris with lysozyme supplementation, while soybean meal partially replaced by C. vulgaris without lysozyme reduced the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets. Plasma biochemical analysis showed that plasma albumin, alkaline phosphatase, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in the CHV group and the total cholesterol and HDL-C levels in the LYSO group were higher when compared with the CON group. The LYSO group had increased interleukin (IL)-10 level in the jejunum and IL-1β level in the ileum while having a decreasing IL-6 level in the jejunum of piglets. Additionally, although Firmicutes and Megashaera_A abundances and short-chain fatty acid concentrations (including acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate) were reduced in the CHV group, but several beneficial bacteria (such as Actinobacteroita, Faecealibacterium, and Anaerovibrio) abundances were increased in the LYSO group.

Discussion

In summary, dietary C. vulgaris or C. vulgaris with lysozyme supplementation improved health of piglets in some contexts without affecting growth performance. Therefore, soybean meal replaced by 5% C. vulgaris with or without lysozyme as sustainable feed ingredients in piglet diets could be a viable alternative approach.
Challenges to Achieving Surgical Equity in Slums
Authors: Jindal Rahul M. , Tiwari Sushila
Published: January 2025

There is a critical lack of surgical data on individuals who live in urban slums, which hampers the allocation of healthcare resources and the provision of preventative measures. The complex interplay of factors affecting surgical care in slums, such as trust deficits, mental health concerns, and socioeconomic barriers, necessitates a distinct academic approach. We propose that researchers should consider “slum surgical health” as an area of study separate from urban health or slum health. From this perspective, we make a case for defining “slum surgical health” while presenting evidence from multiple countries that shows the unique challenges of providing surgical care in slum settings. We discuss a successful model that has deployed community health worker programs as intermediaries between slum dwellers and healthcare providers. This model, which achieved a 60% conversion rate from unmet to met surgical needs, demonstrates the potential of culturally sensitive, community-based approaches to address surgical inequities in urban slums.
A Multi-Objective Path-Planning Approach for Multi-Scenario Urban Mobility Needs
Authors: Wang Zhaohui , Zhang Meng , Liang Shanqing , Yu Shuang , Zhang Chengchun , Du Sheng
Published: January 2025

With the development of smart cities and intelligent transportation systems, path planning in multi-scenario urban mobility has become increasingly complex. Traditional path-planning approaches typically focus on a single optimization objective, limiting their applicability in complex urban traffic systems. This paper proposes a multi-objective vehicle path-planning approach tailored for diverse scenarios, addressing multi-objective optimization challenges within complex road networks. The proposed method simultaneously considers multiple objectives, including total distance, congestion distance, travel time, energy consumption, and safety, and incorporates a dynamic weight-adjustment mechanism. This allows the algorithm to provide optimal route choices across four application scenarios: urban commuting; energy-efficient driving; holiday travel; and nighttime travel. Experimental results indicate that the proposed multi-objective planning algorithm outperforms traditional single-objective algorithms by effectively meeting user demands in various scenarios, offering an efficient solution to multi-objective optimization challenges in diverse environments.
A Class of Pursuit Problems in 3D Space via Noncooperative Stochastic Differential Games
Authors: Bai Yu , Zhou Di , He Zhen
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates three-dimensional pursuit problems in noncooperative stochastic differential games. By introducing a novel polynomial value function capable of addressing high-dimensional dynamic systems, the forward–backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs) for optimal strategies are derived. The uniqueness of the value function under bounded control inputs is rigorously established as a theoretical foundation. The proposed methodology constructs optimal closed-loop feedback strategies for both pursuers and evaders, ensuring state convergence and solution uniqueness. Furthermore, the Lebesgue measure of the barrier surface is computed, enabling the design of strategies for scenarios involving multiple pursuers and evaders. To validate its applicability, the method is applied to missile interception games. Simulations confirm that the optimal strategies enable pursuers to consistently intercept evaders under stochastic dynamics, demonstrating the robustness and practical relevance of the approach in pursuit–evasion problems.
FUSE: A Novel Design Space Exploration Method for Aero Engine Components That Combines Functional and Physical Domains
Authors: Pradas Gómez Alejandro , Panarotto Massimo , Isaksson Ola
Published: January 2025

Society awareness and environmental goals are forcing the aerospace industry to develop new sustainable system architectures. The components in the new system have to meet new functional requirements using alternative technologies and design solutions while ensuring that the physical performance of the component is maintained. However, design space exploration of both domains is challenging due to the intrinsic differences and nature of each: functional domain exploration deals with alternative means to solve functions, while physical exploration deals with parametric values, such as geometric dimensions and material types. Here, we present a method that enables concurrent exploration of the functional and physical design space. The method is based on a review of existing design space exploration methodologies. It has been developed in collaboration with industry and validated within a use case. We expect that this method will be useful for designers in conceptual phases where there are several functions containing multiple design alternatives and incompatibilities among them. The results of the method will allow designers to narrow down the design space to a few architectural candidates, including a baseline of physical dimensioning for each candidate.
Vibration–Collision Coupling Modeling in Grape Clusters for Non-Damage Harvesting Operations
Authors: Xu Baocheng , Liu Jizhan , Jin Yucheng , Yang Kaiyu , Zhao Shengyi , Peng Yun
Published: January 2025

In the table grape production process, issues such as berry detachment and damage caused by cluster vibrations and berry collisions are significant challenges. To investigate the underlying mechanisms and dynamics of these phenomena, a vibration–collision coupling method for table grape clusters was developed. Based on the vibration model of a grape cluster, the smallest vibration–collision coupling unit—referred to as the dual-twig–berry system—was proposed. This system was described using a “(viscoelastic hinge)–(rigid bar)–(flexible sphere)–(viscoelastic link)” model. The dynamic vibration–collision coupling equation of the dual-twig–berry system was derived by incorporating expressions for the viscoelastic vibration of the twigs, viscoelastic collision of the berries, and a generalized collision force (based on the Kelvin model) into the framework of the Lagrange equation. A computational-simulation method for solving this dynamic vibration–collision coupling equation was also developed. The simulation results revealed that the vibration–collision coupling pattern exhibited a shorter vibration period, smaller vibration amplitude, and higher vibration frequency compared to the vibration pattern without coupling. A reduction in vibration amplitude mitigates berry detachment caused by excessive instantaneous loads. However, the increase in vibration frequency exacerbates berry detachment due to fatigue and causes varying degrees of berry damage. This study provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the mechanisms of berry detachment and damage, offering valuable insights for mitigating these issues in table grape production.
Globalization vs. Glocalization: Learn Lessons from Two Global Crises, Such as the Russia–Ukraine Conflict and the COVID-19 Pandemic, for the Agro-Food and Agro-Industrial Sector
Authors: Bas Tomas Gabriel
Published: January 2025

This article analyses the impacts of the Russia–Ukraine conflict and the COVID-19 pandemic on the supply chain and logistics related to the management of agro-food production based on a comprehensive review of the scientific literature. The challenges and lessons posed by market dependence in a scenario of globalization through monopolies and oligopolies in the production and export of agro-food are assessed, highlighting the vulnerability and uncertainty faced when an international conflict occurs. The review examines the format of globalization versus glocalization, analyzing their respective advantages and disadvantages in supply chains and management in the context of two major crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the armed conflict between Ukraine and Russia. Likewise, the resilience of agro-food and agro-industrial systems that were negatively affected by food insecurity and food price inflation in parts of Europe, Africa, and other regions of the planet is analyzed. By identifying opportunities arising from these challenges, the research offers insights into fostering a more robust agro-food supply chain that is more adaptable to global crises based on the geographic location and regional development of agribusinesses capable of responding to demand in the event of a global crisis such as a pandemic or armed conflict.
Diagnosis of Protected Agriculture in Imbabura—Ecuador, Period 2016–2023
Authors: Albuja-Illescas Luis Marcelo , Carrión-Burgos Andrés Manolo , Jiménez-Lao Rafael , Lao María Teresa
Published: January 2025

Protected agriculture in Ecuador began in the 1990s and has expanded due to its comparative advantages over open field production. However, there are no statistics on this sector, which limits decision-making. The aim of this research was to provide a baseline of greenhouse agriculture in Imbabura. Sentinel-2 satellite imagery was used to estimate the spatial distribution of plastic-covered surface area in 2016 and 2023. To minimize biases in estimation, manual verification was also conducted. Based on population data, a structured survey was administered to a probabilistic sample of 234 greenhouses. The results highlight the presence of 1958 greenhouses that cover 527 hectares, with an average of 0.26 hectares. The greenhouses were characterized in terms of their design, construction materials and equipment. The main crop under plastic is tomato, with 76.9%, of which the management characteristics and the productive and economic results obtained in 2023 were identified. The findings could inform the formulation of public policies or specific interventions to strengthen protected agriculture in the region; however, support mechanisms are needed to fully exploit its potential. Among these, producer organization could be a viable strategy to address food security challenges in the context of climate change.
Adaptation of Diverse Maize Germplasm to Spring Season Conditions in Northeast China
Authors: Li Yi , Yang Zhiyuan , Shao Yong , Jin Zhenguo , Gao Li , Yu Yang , Zhang Fengyi , Zhang Yuxing , Nan Yuantao , Li Mingshun , Zhang Degui , Hao Zhuanfang , Weng Jianfeng , Li Xinhai , Yong Hongjun
Published: January 2025

Northeast China (NEC) is a major spring maize (Zea mays L.) growing belt, and the outputs substantially influence national grain production. However, the maize grain yield per unit area has little changes in recent years, partially due to the lack of elite germplasm resources and innovation. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the performance of diverse populations in NEC to propose appropriate strategies for the utilization of elite germplasm to broaden the genetic base of Chinese germplasm. Fifteen diverse maize populations from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) and the U.S. were crossed to two local tester lines, representing Chinese heterotic groups Reid and Lancaster, for evaluating the combining ability and heterosis in three locations (Gongzhuling, Jilin Province, and Harbin and Suihua, Heilongjiang Province) in NEC over two years. The U.S. (BS13(S)C7 and BS31) and Chinese (Ji Syn A) populations exhibited more favorable alleles for high yield potential in all locations tested. Furthermore, the PH6WC × BS31 and PH6WC × Ji Syn A crosses had higher grain yields, and an appropriate number of days to silking, ear height, and resistance to lodging at Gongzhuling and Harbin in NEC. The best strategies for utilizing these diverse germplasms may be to develop new inbred lines from the existing elite populations or improve the grain yield and resistance to lodging of the elite line PH4CV for broadening the genetic base of the Chinese group Lancaster in NEC.
Impact of Spatial Evolution of Cropland Pattern on Cropland Suitability in Black Soil Region of Northeast China, 1990–2020
Authors: Kang Long , Wu Kening
Published: January 2025

Agricultural land resources are essential for food production, and thus it is vital to examine the spatiotemporal changes in these resources and their impacts on land suitability to optimize resource allocation. In this study, we investigated the spatial evolution of cropland resources through land use change analysis by utilizing four periods of land use data from 1990 to 2020 in the black soil region of northeast China (BSRNC). Employing niche theory, we developed a cultivability evaluation model tailored to the BSRNC, which was used to assess the impact of the spatial changes in cropland patterns over the past 30 years on land suitability. Our key findings are as follows: (1) Cropland resources have generally tended to expand in the BSRNC, with an increase of 7.16 × 103 km2 in the cultivated area and a northeastward shift in the cropland center by 52.94 km, indicating significant changes in the spatial configuration of the land. (2) The region’s cultivable land resources were substantial, covering 694.06 × 103 km2, or 55.78% of the total area, with notable spatial variability, influenced by the regional climate and topography. (3) The land cultivability has slightly improved, as shown by a 0.10 increase in the cultivability index, but a significant declining trend in the cultivability of cropland was observed after 2000. Our findings provide valuable insights to help accurately assess land productivity in the BSRNC and facilitate the sustainable use and conservation of black soil.
SC-ResNeXt: A Regression Prediction Model for Nitrogen Content in Sugarcane Leaves
Authors: Lu Zihao , Sun Cuimin , Dou Junyang , He Biao , Zhou Muchen , You Hui
Published: January 2025

In agricultural production, the nitrogen content of sugarcane is assessed with precision and the economy, which is crucial for balancing fertilizer application, reducing resource waste, and minimizing environmental pollution. As an important economic crop, the productivity of sugarcane is significantly influenced by various environmental factors, especially nitrogen supply. Traditional methods based on manually extracted image features are not only costly but are also limited in accuracy and generalization ability. To address these issues, a novel regression prediction model for estimating the nitrogen content of sugarcane, named SC-ResNeXt (Enhanced with Self-Attention, Spatial Attention, and Channel Attention for ResNeXt), has been proposed in this study. The Self-Attention (SA) mechanism and Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) have been incorporated into the ResNeXt101 model to enhance the model’s focus on key image features and its information extraction capability. It was demonstrated that the SC-ResNeXt model achieved a test R2 value of 93.49% in predicting the nitrogen content of sugarcane leaves. After introducing the SA and CBAM attention mechanisms, the prediction accuracy of the model improved by 4.02%. Compared with four classical deep learning algorithms, SC-ResNeXt exhibited superior regression prediction performance. This study utilized images captured by smartphones combined with automatic feature extraction and deep learning technologies, achieving precise and economical predictions of the nitrogen content in sugarcane compared to traditional laboratory chemical analysis methods. This approach offers an affordable technical solution for small farmers to optimize nitrogen management for sugarcane plants, potentially leading to yield improvements. Additionally, it supports the development of more intelligent farming practices by providing precise nitrogen content predictions.
Enhancing Maize Production Through Timely Nutrient Supply: The Role of Foliar Fertiliser Application
Authors: Ssemugenze Brian , Ocwa Akasairi , Kuunya Ronald , Gumisiriya Costa , Bojtor Csaba , Nagy János , Széles Adrienn , Illés Árpád
Published: January 2025

Maize, regarded as a staple economic crop, attracts special global attention with the aim to enhance its production. Foliar fertilisation offers a complementary method to traditional soil fertilisation amongst resource-limited agricultural systems, providing a more efficient solution to nutrient deficiencies, especially in suboptimal soil conditions. This study aimed to analyse foliar fertiliser formulation research directions and their application in maize production. A literature search was conducted in the Web of Science (WoS) database. Bibliometric analyses were performed using the VOSviewer software (version 1.6.17). The changes in the publication trends of documents were tested using the Mann–Kendall test. The production effects of foliar fertilisation were independently synthesised. The results showed a strong positive increase in publication trends regarding maize foliar fertilisation (R2 = 0.7842). The predominant nutrients that affected maize production were nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, zinc, iron, and manganese. The timely foliar application of nutrients corrected deficiencies and/or sustained nutrient supply under several abiotic stresses. Foliar application at critical growth stages like flowering and grain filling boosted carbohydrate and protein content, lipid levels, kernel size, mineral content, and the weight of the maize grain. This review identified important research gaps, namely genotype-specific responses, interactions with other agronomic practices, and long-term environmental effects.
Analysis of the Synergistic Effect of Endophytic Bacteria and Metabolites on Yield in Soybean Roots Under Biochar with Nitrogen Fertilization
Authors: Liu Hui , Dou Wanyu , Zhang Wenlong , Li Yutao , Shi Guoxin , Fu Lifang , Wang Lihong
Published: January 2025

The appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizers and biochar to the soil is beneficial for soybean growth, and a combination of biochar and nitrogen can improve low-nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency. However, the effect of the combination of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on soybean roots is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the changes in endophytic bacterial communities and metabolites in soybean roots under different combinations of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer treatments by setting different fertilization levels and using high-throughput sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics techniques. The results showed that applying 20 t/ha of biochar and 180 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer (C2N1) resulted in the highest soybean yield. By studying the endophytic bacterial community in soybean roots, it was observed that the dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota, and the dominant genera were Bradyrhizobium, Streptomyces, and Rhizobacter. Moreover, a metabolic pathway analysis revealed that glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis was the most significant metabolic pathway in the C0N1 vs. C0N0 comparison group, and glycerophospholipid metabolism was the most significant metabolic pathway in the C2N1 vs. C1N1 comparison group; they were both associated with regulatory mechanisms such as plant growth promotion and nutrient cycling. Structural equation modeling indicates that both endophytic bacteria and metabolites have a significant positive impact on yield. Bradyrhizobium and Rhizobium are observable variables with significant positive effects on endophytic bacteria, while Phe-Thr and 7-allyloxycoumarin are observable variables with significant positive effects on metabolites. Endophytic bacteria not only have a direct impact on crop yield, but also indirectly affect crop yield through their effects on metabolites. This study has important scientific value and guiding significance for improving soybean yields.
Physiological Response and Comprehensive Evaluation of Cold-Resistant Peach Varieties to Low-Temperature Stress
Authors: Niu Ruxuan , Huang Juanjuan , Zhang Yiwen , Wang Falin , Wang Chenbing
Published: January 2025

The study aimed to evaluate the cold tolerance of various peach cultivars under diverse low-temperature conditions (−5, −10, −15, −20, −25, −30, and −35 °C). A comprehensive assessment of their responses to cold was performed by integrating LT50 values with membership functions and evaluating local adaptability among the selected peach cultivars. The findings revealed that as temperatures dropped, electrical conductivity (REC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels initially rose, then fell, and subsequently increased once more. Soluble sugar (SS) and soluble protein (SP) concentrations peaked at −25 °C and showed a significant negative correlation with semi-lethal temperature (LT50). The expression of free proline varied among different samples. Combining physiological analyses with field adaptation correlation assessments, it was found that ‘Ziyan Ruiyang’ exhibited a relatively low LT50 value of −29.67 °C and a membership function degree of 0.76, suggesting robust field adaptation abilities. At the same time, ‘Ganlu Shumi’ demonstrated stable trends in H2O2 and MDA levels, maintaining them at relatively low concentrations; it also had the lowest LT50 value, the highest membership function score, and the highest survival rate. Consequently, this cultivar could be a valuable resource for enhancing cold resistance under low-temperature stress. In summary, by correlating LT50 values with membership functions and observing local adaptability in these peach cultivars, we have established reliable data that can serve as a basis for identifying potential cross-breeding parents to develop new cold-resistant varieties.
Bridging the Gap in the Adoption of Trustworthy AI in Indian Healthcare: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Chettri Sarat Kumar , Deka Rup Kumar , Saikia Manob Jyoti
Published: January 2025

The healthcare sector in India has experienced significant transformations owing to the advancement in technology and infrastructure. Despite these transformations, there are major challenges to address critical issues like insufficient healthcare infrastructure for the country’s huge population, limited accessibility, shortage of skilled professionals, and high-quality care. Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven solutions have the potential to lessen the stress on India’s healthcare system; however, integrating trustworthy AI in the sector remains challenging due to ethical and regulatory constraints. This study aims to critically review the current status of the development of AI systems in Indian healthcare and how well it satisfies the ethical and legal aspects of AI, as well as to identify the challenges and opportunities in adoption of trustworthy AI in the Indian healthcare sector. This study reviewed 15 articles selected from a total of 1136 articles gathered from two electronic databases, PubMed and Google Scholar, as well as project websites. This study makes use of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). It finds that the existing studies mostly used conventional machine learning (ML) algorithms and artificial neural networks (ANNs) for a variety of tasks, such as drug discovery, disease surveillance systems, early disease detection and diagnostic accuracy, and management of healthcare resources in India. This study identifies a gap in the adoption of trustworthy AI in Indian healthcare and various challenges associated with it. It explores opportunities for developing trustworthy AI in Indian healthcare settings, prioritizing patient safety, data privacy, and compliance with ethical and legal standards.
First Report on the Frequency and Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis sp. in Extensively Reared Holstein-Friesian Cattle from Terceira Island, Azores Archipelago, Portugal
Authors: Gomes-Gonçalves Sara , Silva Alexandra , Moreira Guilherme , Gantois Nausicaa , Dominguez Rubén Garcia , Viscogliosi Eric , Chabé Magali , Mesquita João R.
Published: January 2025

This study is the first to report Blastocystis sp. in dairy cattle from Terceira Island, part of the Azores Archipelago. Blastocystis sp. is an enteric protozoan with high genetic diversity and is associated with both zoonotic and non-zoonotic subtypes (STs). The present survey aimed to fill the gap in knowledge regarding the occurrence and genetic characterization of Blastocystis sp. isolates in Holstein-Friesian cattle in this geographical area. A total of 116 stool samples were thus collected from dairy cows, and Blastocystis sp. DNA was detected using qPCR. The results revealed a 14.7% occurrence rate (17/116), with seven STs identified including ST3, ST5, ST7, ST10, ST14, ST25, and ST42, with variable frequency. Some of these STs (ST5, ST7, ST10, and ST14) are potentially zoonotic, underscoring their potential public health significance. However, the low frequency of Blastocystis sp. in this animal cohort possibly attributed to the extensive grazing system practiced on Terceira Island and the limited presence of zoonotic isolates, suggests a minimal risk of transmission from cattle to humans. This study highlights the importance of further research on the transmission dynamics of Blastocystis sp., particularly in regions with varying farming practices, to better understand its epidemiology and zoonotic potential.
Optimized Two-Port Laparoscopic-Assisted Ovariohysterectomy for Hydrometra and Pyometra in Small-Sized Dogs
Authors: Park Young-Tae , Minamoto Tomomi
Published: January 2025

The clinical outcomes of laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy for the treatment of hydrometra or pyometra in small-sized dogs have not been reported. This study aimed to retrospectively investigate the clinical outcomes of two-port laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy in small-sized dogs weighing < 6 kg with mild to moderate hydrometra or pyometra. Laparoscopic ports were placed at the umbilicus on the midline, as well as at the midpoint between the umbilicus and pelvic brim. While the uterine horn was externally retracted, the cervical region was ligated and transected. A total of 77 dogs were included, with a median age of 8.8 years (range: 10 months to 16.1 years) and a median weight of 3 (range: 1.26–6.0) kg. Clinical signs included lethargy, anorexia, polydipsia, and polyuria; 51 dogs (66%) were asymptomatic, with an enlarged uterus incidentally detected during health checkups. Histopathological analysis revealed hydrometra and pyometra in 51 and 26 dogs, respectively. The median operative time was 32 (range: 15–83) minutes, and the median hospital stay was 0 (range: 0–3) days. No intraoperative complications occurred, although 18 dogs experienced anorexia postoperatively, and 3 showed signs of incision site infection. All sutures were removed 7–10 days postoperatively, and all dogs were clinically healthy at the two-week follow-up. The findings indicate that two-port laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy is a safe and effective treatment option for managing mild to moderate hydrometra and pyometra in small-sized dogs.
Effect of Liquid Marble 3D Culture System on In Vitro Maturation and Embryo Development of Prepubertal Goat Oocytes
Authors: Podda Andrea , Dujíčková Linda , Ariu Federica , Leoni Giovanni Giuseppe , Izquierdo Dolors , Paramio Maria-Teresa , Bogliolo Luisa
Published: January 2025

Suboptimal culture conditions during in vitro maturation (IVM) affect oocyte developmental competence and the viability of the resulting embryo. Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems provide a more biologically appropriate environment compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) cultures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of liquid marble (LM) microbioreactors as a 3D culture system on IVM and the subsequent embryo development of prepubertal goat oocytes. The cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) recovered from prepubertal goat ovaries underwent IVM in drops under oil (the 2D system and the control group) and in the 3D LM system (the LM group). After IVM, oocytes were parthenogenetically activated and cultured until the blastocyst stage. The control and LM groups showed similar rates of nuclear maturation (52.17% and 44.12%) and blastocyst formation (10.64% and 10.10%). Reactive oxygen species and glutathione levels and the density of transzonal projections (TZPs) in oocytes did not differ between groups. The LM system increased mitochondrial activity and modified the organization of these organelles in the oocyte cytoplasm compared to the control group. The LM microbioreactor demonstrated the ability to improve the mitochondrial status of the oocytes and was not harmful for oocyte IVM and subsequent embryo development. Therefore, LM could be used as a 3D cost-effective culture system for the IVM of prepubertal goat oocytes.