bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENRAIZAMENTO DE ESTACAS DE FORRAÇÕES ORNAMENTAIS EM DIFERENTES CONCENTRAÇÕES DE ÁCIDO INDOLBUTÍRICO
Authors: Menegaes Janine Farias , Zago Andressa Pozzatti , Bellé Rogério Antonio , Backes Fernanda Alice Antonello Londero
Published: August 2024

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o enraizamento de estacas de forrações ornamentais submetidas a diferentes concentrações de ácido indolbutírico. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, sob delineamento de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5 x 5 (forrações ornamentais: alternantera-variegada, alternantera-vermelha, pileia-alumínio, pileia-rendada e vedélia, e concentrações de ácido indolbutírico (AIB): 0, 250, 500, 1.000 e 2.000 mg kg-1), com cinco repetições. As estacas foram coletadas do jardim clonal do setor de Floricultura do Departamento de Fitotecnida da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, com média de 7 a 10 cm, com corte em bisel, mantendo 50% da área foliar e enraizadas em casca de arroz carbonizada. Avaliou-se a porcentagem de enraizamento das estacas, número e comprimento radicular e estabilidade do torrão. Observou-se que todas as espécies de forrações ornamentais estudadas enraizaram sem o uso de reguladores de crescimento AIB. E, que os beneficios da utilização desse regulador de crescimento foram o aumento do enraizamento das estacas, do número e do comprimento radicular.Palavras-chave: AIB, propagação vegetativa, plantas ornamentais. ROOTING OF CUTTINGS OF ORNAMENTAL FODDER IN DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF INDOLEBUTYRIC ACID ABSTRACTThe objective of the present study was to evaluate or rooting of ornamental fodder cuttings submitted to different concentrations of indolebutyric acid. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a 5x5 factorial scheme (ornamental facies: alternantera-variegada, alternantera-red, pileia-aluminum, pileia-laced and vedelia, and indolbutyric acid (IBA) concentrations: 0, 250, 500, 1,000 and 2,000 mg kg-1) with five replicates. The cuttings were collected from the clonal garden of the Floriculture Department of the Department of Plant Science of the Federal University of Santa Maria, with an average of 7 to 10 cm, with a bevel cut, maintaining 50% of the leaf area and rooted in bark of charred rice. There is a percentage of rooting of the cuttings, number and root length and stability of the clod. It was observed that all ornamental plant species studied rooted without the use of AIB growth regulators. And, that the benefits of the use of growth regulator for increased rooting of the cuttings, number and root length.Keywords: IBA, vegetative propagation, ornamental plants. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05n05a02
INFLUÊNCIA DO ESPAÇAMENTO DE PLANTIO E IRRIGAÇÃO NA DENSIDADE E NA MASSA SECA EM ESPÉCIES DE Eucalyptus
Authors: Moulin Jordão Cabral , Rocha Maria Fernanda Vieira , Arantes Marina Donária Chaves , Boschetti Walter Torezani Neto , De Jesus Márcia Silva , Trugilho Paulo Fernando
Published: August 2024

O presente trabalhou objetivou avaliar a influência do espaçamento e irrigação na densidade básica e estimativa de massa seca de madeira. Para esse estudo foram realizados dois experimentos, sendo que no primeiro foram utilizados dois clones de E. grandis x E. urophylla com 1 ano de idade plantados nos espaçamentos de 3 x 3 m, 3 x 2 m, 3 x 1 m e 3 x 0,5 m e em região irrigada e não irrigada. No segundo experimento foram utilizados clones de E. grandis x E. camaldulensis com 7 anos de idade plantados nos mesmos espaçamentos do primeiro experimento. Foi determinado o volume individual das árvores amostradas nos dois experimentos. A amostragem nas árvores consistiu na retirada de discos nas alturas de 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% da altura comercial do fuste para determinação da densidade básica e cálculo de massa seca de madeira. Com base nos resultados obtidos observou-se que os maiores valores de densidade básica da madeira do clone A foram provenientes dos espaçamentos mais amplos, nos outros clones não foi verificado influência do espaçamento. Nos maiores espaçamentos de plantios foram observados os maiores valores de massa seca, sendo verificado efeito da irrigação na massa seca apenas nos espaçamentos 3 x 3m e 3 x 2 m.Palavras-chave: espaçamento, irrigação, densidade básica, massa seca, Eucalyptus. THE INFLUENCE OF PLANT SPACING AND IRRIGATION ON DENSITY AND DRY MASS ON EUCALYPTUS SPECIES ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the influence of spacing and irrigation in dry mass and basic wood density. For this study two experiments were conducted, and in the first we used two clones of E. grandis x E. urophylla with 1 year old planted in spacings of 3 x 3, 3 x 2, 3 x 1 and 3 x 0.5 meters and in irrigated and non-irrigated region, and in the second experiment were used clones of E. grandis x E. camaldulensis with 7 years of age planted in the same spacing of the first experiment. It was determined the volume of trees obtained in the two experiments were sampled materials and the heights of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of commercial tree height, to perform the basic density and then the dry mass calculation. Based on the results obtained it was observed that the highest values of specific gravity wood clone was derived from the larger spacings in the other clones unverified influence of spacing. In the larger plantations spacings were subject to the higher dry matter values, being checked effect of irrigation in dry matter only in the spacing 3 x 3 x 3 m and 2 m.Keywords: spacing, irrigation, basic density, dry mass, Eucalyptus. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05n05a11
VARIAÇÃO DIÁRIA DO MICROCLIMA URBANO EM DIFERENTES TIPOLOGIAS DE FLORESTA URBANA
Authors: Martini Angeline , Biondi Daniela , Batista Antonio Carlos
Published: August 2024

O benefício microclimático proporcionado pela floresta urbana pode auxiliar na melhoria da qualidade de vida dos centros urbanos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o comportamento periódico das variáveis meteorológicas em diferentes tipologias de floresta urbana na cidade de Curitiba-PR. Para isso foram selecionadas três áreas de cada tipologias de floresta urbana: Remanescente Florestal, Área Verde Antiga, Área Verde Moderna, Arborização de Ruas e Árvore Isolada. Em cada área o microclima foi analisado com base nos dados meteorológicos de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, coletados a partir do método de pontos fixos. Os resultados demonstraram que para a variável temperatura, a curva do Remanescente Florestal sempre esteve abaixo das demais tipologias. Acima desta tipologia verificou-se a curva da Área Verde Moderna, Área Verde Antiga, Arborização de Ruas e Árvore Isolada, respectivamente, contudo, houve momentos de variações entre elas e as diferenças foram mais acentuadas durante o dia e menos expressivas à noite. O inverso do comportamento foi verificado para a umidade relativa.Palavras-chave:arborização urbana, clima urbano, temperatura. DAILY VARIATION OF THE URBAN MICROCLIMATE IN DIFFERENT TYPOLOGIES OF URBAN FOREST ABSTRACTThe microclimatic benefit provided by urban forest can help improve the quality of life of urban centers. The main goal of this research was to analyze the periodic behavior of meteorological variables in different typologies of urban forest in the Curitiba-PR city. Three areas of each urban forest typology were selected: Remaining Forest, Old Green Area, Modern Green Area, Street Trees and Isolated Tree. In each area the microclimate was analyzed based on the meteorological data of temperature and relative humidity of the air, collected from the method of fixed points. The results showed that for the temperature variable, the Remaining Forest curve was always below the other typologies. Above this typology was the curve of the Modern Green Area, Old Green Area, Street Trees and Isolated Tree, however, there were moments of variation between them and the differences were more accentuated during the day and less expressive at night. The inverse of the behavior was checked for relative humidity.Keywords: afforestation, urban climate, temperature. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05n05a07
CAPACIDADE DO USO DA TERRA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO EM UMA MICROBACIA DO RIO PIRACICABA, MG
Authors: Aires Uilson Ricardo Venâncio , Rezende Carlos Henrique Silva , Silva José Leôncio Almeida , Campos Jasmine Alves , Santos Cleber Assis dos
Published: August 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a conformidade do o uso atual das terras em relação a capacidade de uso ideal em uma microbaica do rio Piracicaba, MG, utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento. O uso e ocupação atual da microbacia foi obtido por meio da classificação supervisionada MAXVER (Máxima Verossimilhança), em que utilizou-se imagem Landsat 8 OLI. As informações de declividades foram extraídas de um Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) com 30 m de resolução. Já as informações de solos da região de estudo foram adquiridas junto ao Banco de Solos do Estado de Minas Gerais. Observou-se que a declividade foi o fator mais limitante, em que se obteve 77,6% da área nas condições de relevo fortemente ondulado e montanhoso. Foi constatado que 68,6% da área está em não conformidade com a capacidade de uso ideal da terra, sendo 55,4% do uso e ocupação atual está duas classes acima do ideal. As áreas em conformidade com a capacidade de uso da terra são representadas por vegetação nativa. O uso de geoprocessamento auxilia na identificação de área que estão em não conformidade com o manejo sustentável possibilitando a adoção de medidas para a mitigação de problemas relacionados com a erosão.Palavras-chave: aptidão do uso da terra, sensoriamento remoto, uso sustentável da terra. LAND USE CAPACITY: A CASE STUDY IN A MICROBASIN OF THE PIRACICABA RIVER, MG ABSTRACTThe aim of this work was to analyze the accordance among the current land use with the ideal land use capacity in a microbasin of the Piracicaba river, MG, using geoprocessing techniques. The current land use and land occupation in the microbasin was obtained through the supervised classification MAXVER (Maximum Likelihood), in which image of Landsat 8 OLI was used. Slope information was extracted from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with 30 m spatial resolution. The information of soils in the study area was acquired with the Bando de solos do Estado de Minas Gerais. The slope was the most limiting factor, in which 77.6% of the area is in an under heavily undulating and mountainous relief conditions. It was found that 68.6% of the area is non-compliance with the land use capacity, with 55.4% of the current land use and occupation being two classes above the ideal. The areas in accordance with the land use capacity are represented by the native vegetation. The use of geoprocessing assists in the identification of areas that are in non-compliance with sustainable management, allowing the adoption of measures to reduce erosion.Keywords: land use suitability, remote sensing, sustainable soil use. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05n06a04
DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DE MUDAS DE CAROBA SOB INFLUÊNCIA DE SOMBREAMENTO
Authors: Freitas Gilson Araujo de , Silva Rubens Ribeiro da , Faria Álvaro José Gomes de , Carneiro Jefferson Santana da Silva , Santos Antônio Carlos Martins dos
Published: August 2024

Devido à devastação de áreas do cerrado, espécies nativas encontram-se ameaçadas de extinção. Nesse sentido, estudos sobre o requerimento de luz nos estágios iniciais de espécies arbóreas tornam-se necessários. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de Jacaranda brasiliana em diferentes níveis de sombreamento. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três níveis de sombreamento e 15 repetições. Ao final dos 50 dias após a emergência, as mudas foram submetidas aos níveis de sombreamento: pleno sol, 50% de sombreamento artificial e sombra natural, no qual as plantas foram colocadas em uma área remanescente de cerrado nativo. Os dados foram avaliados em intervalo de 21 dias, aos 60, 82, 103, 124 e 145 dias após emergência. Aos 145 dias as mudas submetidas ao crescimento a pleno sol apresentaram resultados promissores para o diâmetro (7,61 mm), massa seca das folhas (10,75 g), massa seca do caule (24,62 g), massa seca da raiz (12,38 g), massa seca total (47,75 g), relação parte aérea/raiz (2,86 g) e índice de qualidade de Dickson (6,75) sendo esta condição a mais recomendada para produção de mudas em larga escala a custo zero. Para a condição de sombra natural os resultados apresentaram-se inferiores em comparação aos tratamentos pleno sol e 50% de sombreamento.Palavras-chave: Jacaranda brasiliana, áreas degradadas, luminosidade. INITIAL DEVELOPMENT OF CAROBA PLASTICS UNDER SHADING INFLUENCE ABSTRACTDue to the devastation of cerrado areas, native species are threatened with extinction. In this sense, studies on the light requirement in the early stages of tree species become necessary. The present work had as objective to evaluate the initial development of Jacaranda brasiliana seedlings at different levels of shading. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three levels of shading and 15 replicates. At the end of the 50 days after emergence, the seedlings were submitted to shade levels: full sun, 50% artificial shading and natural shade (under trees in a native cerrado). Data were evaluated at 21 days interval at 60, 82, 103, 124 and 145 days after emergence. At 145 days the seedlings submitted to full sun growth presented promising results for the diameter (7.61 mm), leaf dry mass (10.75 g), stem dry mass (24.62 g), root dry mass (12.38 g), total dry matter (47.75 g), aerial part / root ratio (2.86 g) and Dickson quality index (6.75) being the most recommended condition for seedling production in Large scale at zero cost. For the natural shade condition the results were lower compared to full sun treatments and 50% shading.Keywords: Jacaranda brasiliana, degraded areas, luminosity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05n06a03
ROOT SYSTEM GROWTH AND EUCALYPTUS CLONES PERFORMANCE IN VITÓRIA DA CONQUISTA, BAHIA, BRAZIL
Authors: Serpa Miryan Franciele Pereira , Cairo Paulo Araquém Ramos , De Jesus Janderson Lacerda , De Novaes Adalberto Brito
Published: August 2024

CRESCIMENTO DO SISTEMA RADICIAL E DESEMPENHO DE CLONES DE EUCALIPTO EM VITÓRIA DA CONQUISTA, BAHIA, BRASIL Características do sistema radicial foram estudadas para avaliar o desempenho de clones de eucalipto nas condições edafoclimáticas de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil. Foram realizados dois experimentos. No primeiro, em viveiro, as mudas tiveram suas raízes podadas e plantadas em tubos transparentes, delineados em quadrantes, para avaliar o potencial de regeneração de raízes (PRR) e partição de matéria seca da parte aérea para as raízes. Após 30 dias, verificou-se que AEC 144 e CO 520 são os clones que possuem maior PRR, embora este último apresente semelhança com os demais. AEC 144 mostrou uma tendência de melhor desempenho em partição de matéria seca da parte aérea para as raízes. O segundo experimento realizou-se no campo. Após seis meses de plantio, avaliou-se altura de planta, diâmetro de colo, área foliar, número de folhas, comprimento da raiz principal, matéria seca de parte aérea e raízes e teores de açúcares solúveis, açúcares redutores, proteínas e aminoácidos em raízes. Entre os clones, não houve diferenças significativas em todas as características avaliadas. Concluímos que, a despeito de diferenças em relação ao PRR e partição de massa seca, os clones possuem características que, no campo, permitem obter desempenhos semelhantes, nas condições edafoclimáticas de Vitória da Conquista.Palavras-chave: plantas lenhosas, mudas clonais, regeneração de raízes.  ABSTRACTRoot system characteristics were studied in order to evaluate the performance of eucalyptus clones in edaphoclimatic conditions of Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. Two experiments were carried out. First, in a nursery, seedlings had their roots pruned and were planted in transparent tubes, outlined in quadrants, for evaluating root regeneration potential (RRP) and the dry matter partitioning from shoot to roots. 30 days after planting, AEC 144 and CO 520 were the clones with highest RRP, although CO 520 is similar to the other three clones. AEC 144 showed a tendency of better performance in dry matter partitioning from shoot to roots. The second experiment was carried out in the field. Six months after planting, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, number of leaves, main root length, shoot and root dry matter, and soluble sugar, reducing sugar, protein and amino acid contents in roots were determined. There were no significant differences in all characteristics evaluated among the clones. Despite the differences related to RRP and dry mass partitioning, we concluded that the clones have characteristics which lead to a similar plant performance in the field, in the edaphoclimatic conditions of Vitória da Conquista.Keywords: woody plants, clonal seedlings, root regeneration.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05n06a08
CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE ATRIBUTOS QUÍMICOS DO SOLO E VARIÁVEIS PRODUTIVAS DE TECA
Authors: Basso Sueza , Watzlawick Luciano Farinha , Pott Cristiano André , Lombardi Kátia Cylene , Homczinski Izabel
Published: August 2024

A pesquisa objetivou correlacionar atributos químicos do solo com variáveis de produção em um povoamento de Teca implantado em sistema silvipastoril. O presente estudo foi executado no município de Alta Floresta, Estado de Mato Grosso, em uma área de Sistema Silvipastoril (SSP). O estudo foi realizado em uma área de 118 ha com mudas de Teca de origem clonal. Para caracterização da área de estudo e posterior seleção das unidades amostrais, foi realizado um inventário florestal por meio de amostragem sistemática. As variáveis avaliadas foram: diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP), altura total (h), biomassa do tronco (BsT), galhos (BsG), folhas (BsF) e radicular (BsR). As bases apresentaram correlação positiva com o DAP, h, já o sódio (Na) e o magnésio (Mg) apresentaram correlação negativa com estas variáveis. A BsR e BsT correlacionaram-se positivamente com a acidez potencial e a Matéria orgânica (MO) e negativamente com o Sódio (Na) e magnésio (Mg) (somente com BsR e BsG). A adubação e a correção dos nutrientes do solo são muito importantes para o crescimento e desenvolvimento da teca, sendo que as quantidades desses nutrientes nas diferentes profundidades interferem no seu desenvolvimento.Palavra-chave: Tectona grandis, fertilidade, silvipastoril, produção. CORRELATION IN BETWEEN THE SOIL’S CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND THE PRODUCTION VARIABLES OF TECA ABSTRACT:The research aimed to correlate soil chemical attributes with production variables in a Teca settlement implanted in a silvipastoral system. The present study was carried out in the municipality of Alta Floresta, State of Mato Grosso, in an area of Silvipastoril System (SSP). The study was carried out in an area of 118 ha with Teca seedlings of clonal origin. For characterization of the study area and subsequent selection of the sample units, a forest inventory was carried out by means of systematic sampling. The variables evaluated were: diameter at breast height (DBH), total height (h), trunk biomass (BsT), twigs (BsG), leaves (BsF) and radicular (BsR). The bases showed a positive correlation with DBH, h, while sodium (Na) and magnesium (Mg) presented a negative correlation with these variables. The BsR and BsT correlated positively with potential acidity and organic matter (OM) and negatively with Na and magnesium (Mg) (BsR and BsG only). Fertilization and soil nutrient correction are very important for the growth and development of teak, and the quantities of these nutrients at different depths interfere with their development.Keywords: Tectona grandis, fertility, silvipastoral, production. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05nespa27
QUALIDADE DE GRÃOS DE SOJA EM DIFERENTES ÉPOCAS DE COLHEITA
Authors: Pinto Rosecler Silva , Botelho Fernando Mendes , Botelho Silvia Campos , Angeli Antônio Marcos
Published: August 2024

Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o efeito do retardamento da colheita, sobre a qualidade de grãos de soja colhidos em áreas submetidas à aplicação de herbicida dessecante e que não receberam esse manejo. O experimento foi conduzido com a cultivar TMG 132RR na safra 2014/2015. Para a realização do experimento, uma área de cultivo comercial de soja que recebeu os mesmos tratos fitotécnicos foi dividida em duas, de modo que, assim que a soja atingiu o ponto de maturação fisiológica, metade da área recebeu aplicação do herbicida dessecante para acelerar a secagem natural e a outra metade não. Após a maturação fisiológica foram colhidas amostras nos dois tratamentos em intervalos de tempo regulares e avaliada a qualidade física e fisiológica do produto por meio da massa específica aparente, massa de mil grãos, condutividade elétrica dos exsudatos da solução aquosa, cor, teor de água, germinação e pela classificação dos grãos. Observou-se que o retardamento da colheita causou perda qualitativa nos grãos de soja tanto quando a cultura foi submetida ao dessecamento, quanto não submetida, proporcionando redução da massa específica aparente, massa de mil grãos, perda da cor característica, aumento de avariados e redução da germinação dos grãos.Palavras-chave: Glycine max L., secagem natural, propriedades físicas, retardamento da colheita. SOY BEANS QUALITY IN DIFFERENT HARVEST TIMES ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of harvest delay on the quality of soybean grains harvested in areas submitted to the application of desiccant herbicide and that did not receive this management. The experiment was conducted with cultivar TMG 132RR in the 2014/2015 crop. In order to carry out the experiment, a commercial soybean area that received the same phytotechnical treatments was divided in two, so that, once soybean reached the physiological maturity point, half of the area received application of the desiccant herbicide to accelerate the natural drying and the other half not. After physiological maturation, samples were collected in both treatments at regular intervals and the physical and physiological quality of the product was evaluated by means of the bulk density, a thousand grain mass, electrical conductivity of the exudates of the aqueous solution, color, moisture content, germination and grain classification. Harvest delay caused a qualitative loss in soybean grains both when the crop was subjected to drying and not submitted, reducing the bulk density, a thousand-grain mass, characteristic color loss, increase of damaged grains and reduction of grain germination.Keywords: Glycine max L., natural drying, physical properties, harvest delay.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05nespa01
RELAÇÃO CÁLCIO: MAGNÉSIO NO CRESCIMENTO E NA QUALIDADE DE MUDAS DE ANGICO VERMELHO
Authors: Vieira Cristiane Ramos , Weber Oscarlina Lúcia dos Santos , Scaramuzza José Fernando
Published: August 2024

O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação com o objetivo de verificar a influência da relação cálcio: magnésio (Ca:Mg) no crescimento e na nutrição de mudas de angico-vermelho (Anadenanthera peregrina). As mudas foram produzidas em tubetes contendo areia e, ao atingirem 10 cm de comprimento foram transplantadas para sacolas plásticas com Latossolo Vermelho distrófico de textura franco arenosa, corrigido com calcário 100% reativo (30% de CaO e 21% de MgO). A quantidade de corretivo foi determinada pelo método da saturação por bases para obtenção dos tratamentos: T1 – controle; T2 – 1:1; T3 – 2:1; T4 – 3:1; e T5 – 4:1, dispostos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com doze repetições. As características morfológicas avaliadas foram: altura, diâmetro, biomassa e as concentrações de macronutrientes. A relação Ca:Mg do corretivo do solo na proporção 3:1 influenciou no crescimento das mudas de A. peregrina, proporcionando o melhor desenvolvimento da espécie.Palavra-chave: Anadenanthera peregrina, nutrição de plantas, calagem, produção de mudas. Ca:Mg RELATION ON GROWTH AND QUALITY OF RED-ANGICO SEEDLINGS (Anadenanthera peregrina) ABSTRACT:This experiment was developed in order to check the influence of the Ca: Mg on growth and nutrition of the Anadenanthera peregrina. The seedlings were grown in plastic tube’s containing sand and, when they reach 10 cm in length were transplanted to plastic bags with soil dystrophic Red Oxisol with sand loam texture and limestone 100% reactive (30% CaO and 21% MgO). The amount of limestone applied was determined by the cation saturation raising method, obtaining the treatments: T1 - control; T2 - 1:1; T3 - 2:1; T4 - 3:1; and T5 - 4:1, in a completely randomized design with twelve replications. The morphologic characteristics evaluated were: height, stem diameter, biomass and macronutrient content. The growth of A. peregrina seedlings was positively influenced by the 3:1 proportion of Ca: Mg relation of the corrective, because provides the best development of this species.Keywords: Anadenanthera peregrina, plants nutrition, liming, seedlings production. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05nespa26
DIVERSIDADE GENÉTICA DE DUAS ESPÉCIES DE Theobroma L. EM UM FRAGMENTO FLORESTAL NO PORTAL DA AMAZÔNIA, MT, BRASIL
Authors: Rossi Ana Aparecida Bandini , Silva Marcia De Souza Almeida da , Arenas-de-Souza Maicon Douglas , Zortéa Kelli Évelin Müller , Giustina Luana Della , Rocha Vinícius Delgado da
Published: August 2024

O estudo objetivou analisar a diversidade genética de Theobroma speciosum e Theobroma subincanum em um fragmento florestal no município de Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Foram amostrados aleatoriamente 21 indivíduos T. speciosum e 20 de T. subincanum. Sete primers ISSR foram utilizados e produziram 35 fragmentos dos quais 42,8% apresentaram polimorfismo para T. speciosum e 57,1% para T. subincanum. A diversidade genética de Nei e o Índice de Shannon foram de 0,133 e 0,201 para T. speciosum e 0,244 e 0,351 para T. subincanum respectivamente. O dendrograma UPGMA apresentou quatro grupos para T. speciosum e três grupos para T. subincanum. Os marcadores ISSR foram capazes de acessar a diversidade das duas espécies em estudo gerando informações para programas de conservação e melhoramento genético e demonstraram que a fragmentação vegetal ocasionou um efeito maior sobre a diversidade genética da espécie T. speciosum nas populações estudadas. Os níveis de diversidade encontrados no estudo indicam existência de variabilidade genética e alertam para a importância da conservação in situ destas populações como fonte de genes para o melhoramento genético do gênero Theobroma.Palavras-chave: Cacauí. Cupuí, fragmentação florestal, ISSR. GENETIC DIVERSITY OF TWO SPECIES OF Theobroma L. IN A FOREST FRAGMENT IN AMAZON PORTAL, MT, BRAZIL   ABSTRACT:This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of Theobroma speciosum and Theobroma subincanum in forest fragment in the municipality of Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brazil. We randomly sampled twenty-one T. speciosum individuals and twenty T. subincanum individuals. The seven ISSR primers used produced 35 fragments, from which 42,8% were polymorphic for T. speciosum and 57,1 % were polymorphic for T. subincanum. The Nei’s genetic diversity and Shannon index respectively were 0,133 and 0,201 for T. speciosum and 0,244 and 0,351 for T. subincanum. The UPGMA dendrogram showed four clusters for T. speciosum and three clusters for T. subincanum. The ISSR markers were able to access the genetic diversity of the two species studied, thus they provided information for conservation and breeding programs, also demonstrated that forest fragmentation caused a greater effect on genetic diversity of the T. speciosum species in the populations studied. The levels of diversity found in the study indicate that there is genetic variability and alert to the importance of in situ conservation of these populations as a source of genes for the genetic improvement of the genus Theobroma.Keywords: Cacauí, Cupuí, Forest fragmentation, ISSR DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05nespa08
MODELAGEM DA ALTURA E VOLUME DE Tectona grandis L.F. NA MESORREGIÃO NORDESTE DO PARÁ
Authors: Cerqueira Clebson Lima , Lisboa Gerson dos Santos , De Jesus França Luciano Cavalcante , Môra Rômulo , Marques Glaucio Marcelino , Salles Thiago Taglialegna , Brianezi Daniel
Published: August 2024

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de modelos estatísticos para predição da altura e volume de Tectona grandis em povoamentos localizados no município de São Francisco, mesorregião Nordeste do estado do Pará.  Os dados para o ajuste dos modelos hipsométricos e volumétricos foram obtidos por meio de inventário florestal e cubagem rigorosa em povoamentos de origem seminal com dez (10) anos de idade em espaçamento 3 x 2 m. Foram mensurados o diâmetro com casca a 1,3 m de altura (dap) e altura total (h) de 47 indivíduos para ajuste das equações hipsométricas. Para obtenção dos volumes observados e ajuste dos modelos volumétricos foram cubadas 140 árvores. As equações de Stoffels e Shumacher e Hall respectivamente. As equações de Stoffels e Schumacher-Hall são recomendadas para auxiliar nos inventários florestais e estimativa do volume de madeira em povoamentos de Tectona Grandis na mesorregião Nordeste do Pará e regiões semelhantes.Palavras-chave:  teca, inventário florestal, ajuste de equações. MODELING OF HEIGHT AND VOLUME OF Tectona grandis L. F. IN THE NORTHEASTERN MESOREGION OF PARÁ, BRAZIL ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of statistical models for the prediction of height and volume of Tectona grandis in stands located in the municipality of São Francisco, in the northeastern region of Pará state. The data for fit the hypsometric and volumetric models were obtained through a forest inventory and strict cubing in stands of seminal origin with ten (10) years old in spacing 3 x 2 m. (Dbh) and total height (h) of 45 individuals for fit the hypsometric equations. To obtain the observed volumes and fit of the volumetric models, 140 trees were cubed. The Stoffels and Schumacher-Hall equations are recommended to aid in forest inventories and wood volume estimation in Tectona Grandis stands in the northeastern meso-region of Pará.Keywords: teak, forest inventory, fit of equations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05nespa22
BIOMETRIA DE FRUTOS E SEMENTES DA CASTANHEIRA-DO-BRASIL DA REGIÃO MÉDIO-NORTE DO MATO GROSSO
Authors: Borella Daniela Roberta , Silva Andréa Carvalho da , Souza Adilson Pacheco de , Bouvié Luana , Nogueira Lucas Alencar da Silva , Pereira César Augusto de Lima , Silva Marco Aurélio Lisbôa Viscardi da
Published: August 2024

Neste estudo caracterizou-se biometricamente os frutos e as sementes de Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Bonpl., oriundas dos municípios de Itaúba e Cláudia, MT. As coletas dos frutos de dez matrizes em área de mata nativa ocorreram em 26/11 e 22/12/14 e 10/03/15. Foram coletados todos os frutos no chão sob projeção da copa da matriz. Foram determinadas as seguintes variáveis: diâmetros equatorial e longitudinal do fruto e da semente, espessura do exocarpo e mesocarpo, massa do fruto e das sementes por fruto, número de frutos por planta e número de sementes por fruto. Os frutos apresentaram massa fresca entre 136 e 163 g, diâmetros médios de 34 cm (com exocarpo), espessura total superior a 11 cm (exocarpo + mesocarpo) e 17 sementes por fruto. A massa das sementes de B. excelsa sem tegumento variou de 2,95 a 4,20g. No beneficiamento dos frutos e das sementes da castanheira-do-Brasil na região Médio-Norte, MT, são gerados 68,35% de resíduos. Na safra 14/15, o pico de dispersão dos frutos de B. excelsa ocorreu no mês de dezembro. Coletas tardias de frutos (março) geram baixa qualidade do fruto e da semente.Palavras-chave: Bertholletia excelsa, castanha, produto florestal não-madeireiro, extrativismo. BIOMETRY OF FRUIT AND SEEDS OF BRAZIL CHESTNUT ORIGINITING OF THE MEDIUM-NORTH REGION OF MATO GROSSO STATE ABSTRACT:In this study the fruits and seeds of Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Bonpl., from the municipalities of Itaúba and Cláudia, MT, were characterized biometrically. The fruits collected from ten matrices in a native forest area. The colletions occurred on 11/26 and 12/22/14 and 10/03/15. All fruits were collected on the ground and under projection of the canopy of the matrix. The following variables were determined: equatorial and longitudinal diameters of fruit and seed, exocarp and mesocarp thickness, fruit and seed mass per fruit, number of fruits per plant and number of seeds per fruit. The fruits presented a fresh mass between 136 and 163 g, average diameters of 34 cm (with exocarp), total thickness superior to 11 cm (exocarp + mesocarp) and 17 seeds per fruit. The seed mass of B. excelsa without tegument ranged from 2.95 to 4.20 g. In the processing of fruits and seeds of Brazilian chestnut in the region of Medium-North, MT, 68.35% of waste is generated. In the 14/15 season, the fruit dispersion peak of B. excelsa occurred in the month of December. Late fruit collections (March) generate poor quality of fruit and seed.Keywords: Bertholletia excelsa, chestnut, non-timber forest product, extractivism. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05nespa04
Distribución de proyectos de I+D en España. Estudio preliminar sobre la convocatoria de Proyectos de Generación de Conocimiento (2023)
Authors: Repiso Rafael , Barredo-Ibáñez Daniel , Montero Julio
Published: August 2024

El presente trabajo analiza y sintetiza la convocatoria de Proyectos de Generación de Conocimiento 2023 en España, publicada el 23 de julio. Con un presupuesto de 655 millones de euros, esta convocatoria es crucial para la financiación de la I+D+i en el país. Los resultados provisionales indican que se financiarán 3.155 proyectos y se crearán 1.169 contratos predoctorales. La mayoría de los proyectos fueron adjudicados a universidades públicas, con las universidades de Barcelona, Granada, Complutense de Madrid, Sevilla y Valencia destacando en número de concesiones. Adjunta, se incorpora una matriz que muestra la concesión de proyectos por universidades y las 54 comisiones de evaluación. En términos de áreas, la Biomedicina y las Ciencias Ambientales recibieron la mayor financiación. Un análisis específico del área de Comunicación y Documentación revela que la Universidad de Málaga obtuvo el mayor número de concesiones. El estudio subraya la necesidad de mejorar la transparencia y accesibilidad de los datos de la convocatoria, sugiriendo que la administración debería facilitar el acceso a los datos en formatos operacionales para promover la Ciencia Abierta.
Effect of Cornshell Fibre Addition on Mechanical Properties of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Composites with Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) and Maleic Anhydride (MAH) as Coupling Agent
Authors: Herlin Arina  , Melyna Ella , Salsabila Shafiyah
Published: August 2024

The application of composites is widely used in the automotive field. HDPE, a versatile polymer, is frequently employed as a composite matrix, combining with other materials to produce unique mechanical properties and characteristics. Its widespread application in the automotive sector includes the manufacturing of bumpers and car interiors, where its distinct properties enhance the overall performance and functionality of these components. Corn husk fiber waste is a natural material that has not been utilized properly, so the use of corn husk fiber as reinforcement in composites is an alternative to waste problems in the environment. Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) as a filler with another name alumina, possesses strong tensile strength and thermal stability, and it is anticipated to lower production costs while enhancing composites' mechanical qualities. Maleic anhydride (MAH), a coupling agent, is applied to the matrix, reinforcement, and filler to increase their adherence. The manufacture of HDPE matrix composite with the addition of corn husk fiber and MAH is expected to improve the mechanical properties of the composite. The composition of HDPE: corn husk fiber (%wt) is 90:0, 85:5, and 80:10, as well as the composition of 5%wt alumina and 5%wt MAH in each sample. Making composite pellets using a compounder, making composite sheets by hot press method using a manual forming machine. Tensile strength and hardness measurements were taken to evaluate material performance. Tensile strength testing was carried out using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM), crystallinity testing using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and testing using Near-Infrared (NIR). The tensile strength test results obtained the highest tensile strength value in the composition of HDPE: corn husk fiber 90: 0%wt of 17.67 MPa. The crystallinity test results obtained the highest degree of crystallinity in the composition of HDPE: corn husk fiber 90: 0%wt of 67.88%. The incorporation of corn husk fibers into the composite material significantly affects its mechanical properties, particularly the tensile strength and crystallinity, with higher fiber content leading to a notable reduction in these properties. SEM testing was also carried out to determine the morphological shape of the composite.
Simulation of Active Suspension System for Half Vehicle Model under Different Road Profile
Authors: O. Hamdoon Farouk , M. Faisal Batool
Published: August 2024

The main function of the vehicle suspension system is to provide comfort for passengers, road handling and vehicle stability. This paper proposes the application of PID controller (proportional, integral and derivative controller) for active suspension system of a half automobile model using MATLAB / SIMULINK.  Time domain simulations are carried out to test the performance of the suspension system under different types of road profiles which are the primary inputs of the system. In this paper, three types of road profile inputs (bump, sine wave, random wave) are introduced to excite the suspension system. According to these road profile inputs, the performance response of passive and active suspension systems is simulated. Simulation results show that there is a significant improvement in the performance of the active system over the passive one.
Effect of winglet vortex generators configuration on thermal performance of a heated rectangular channel
Authors: S. Mushatet Khudheyer , lazim edan Iltifat
Published: August 2024

In present paper, a three dimensional turbulent flow; and heat transfer inside a rectangular  channel equipped with array of winglet vortex generators has been investigated experimentally and numerically. Three pairs array of winglet vortex generators of different geometrical configuration  as rectangular, triangular, semi circle and parabolic are considered. The array of winglet vortex generators is formed and distributed on the bottom hot surface with a facility for changing the angle of attack from (0° to 60°). ANSYS Fluent Code (15.0) based on a finite volume method is used to get the numerical results while a k-w turbulence model is used to model the turbulent . The Reynolds number range is from 10000 to 50,000 under a constant heat flux boundary condition. The spin wise between the vortex generators are set to 1 cm and  1.5 cm while the stream wise between the vortex are 9cm,12cm and 18 cm respectively. The results indicated that the rectangular winglet vortex generators array indicated the optimum thermal performance with considerable penalty of the pressure  drop while the parabolic vortex generator stated the minimum performance among the considered vortex generators shapes. The overall efficiency  for rectangular, triangular, semi circle and parabolic winglet vortex generators is enhanced by (166%), (130%), (165%) and (121%) respectively as compared with plane channel.
Using of PCM as an energy storage material to improve the cooling process in electrical transformers
Authors: Abdullah Abduladheem Alaa , Ismael Hasan Mushtaq
Published: August 2024

In this investigation using (PCMs), the phase change materials in the electrical transformer is numerically analyzed by CFD. In this paper used oil transformer and PCMs (Wax, RT44 and P116), the cooling as mediums which are represented the heat storage assistance the oil. Ten kilogram of PCMs used as shield around the windings and coils. A (25, 37, 45 and 55 Co) represented surrounding temperatures that are taken. Because of, absorbed the heat by the latent heat that got it from PCM, the PCM added at transformer temperature shows clear decreasing the average temperature. The boundary condition represented with mixed (convection and radiation), heat generation applied on the transformer. The results displayed that, temperature reduction of the transformers is about 4 Co due to use of different types of PCM.
Application of Different Median Filter Algorithms for Welding Defects Clarification in Radiographic Images
Authors: J. Kadhim Sattar , K. Al-Sabur Raheem , K. Ali Abdul Baki
Published: August 2024

The main aim of the inspections is to ensure that the quality of the welds meets the design requirements and operating conditions, as well as meeting safety and reliability requirements in many industrial sectors. There are many different ways of non-destructive testing NDT are employed for checking welds. The radiographic testing RT is one of the most prevalent and widely used processes in the industry to detect both surface and subsurface defects. In recent years, industrial radiography has been well developed to be used alongside with the combination of techniques of image processing to enhance both the process of inspection and the time of operation. The RT images are often affected by some external surroundings and degraded by noises during the process of acquisition of them. The filtering process is intended to recover the original image from the corrupted one. Median filtering can be considered as an appropriate procedure since it is used by many researchers. In this paper, a comparison among four types of median filter is used to get the best one, to adopting it in welding inspection images. The peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and root means square error (RMSE) indexes are used to perform the quality of image filtering techniques. The results shown that the median filter is a good tool for clarification of welding defects and both adaptive median filter (AMF) and decision based median filter (DBMF) gives the best results respectively. The results obtained were consistent with the results of the engineering examination for qualified and certified welding defects inspectors
Comparison wear behavior of different Al-alloys under the effect of laser surface treatment
Authors: Al-Tamimi Anees
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates a comparison of wear behavior under laser surface hardening for two different kinds of aluminum alloys. Experimental investigations of wear processing were carried out under different load conditions 5, 10,15,20,25 N and with constant sliding speed 2.199 m/s for 15 min. Also changing sliding velocities 1.319, 2.199, 3.078, 3.958 m/s with constant load 20 N for 15 min. Wear machine operate with constant disc rotating at 750 r.p.m. Trails of laser hardening were performed by using pulse Nd:YAG laser with three level energies 500 , 750 , 1000 mJ. Different wear tests were made such as, measurement of depth of hardening, micro-hardness and microstructure examination. This work is shown that the highest amount of laser energy is affected on increasing the micro hardness of 2024 alloy, while it has little or no effect of laser treatment for 7075 alloy. Also wear rates were significantly decreased for 2024 alloy more than 7075 alloy. Photomicrographs show that refining of grains after laser treatment for 2024 alloy more than 7075 alloy.
Growth Types and Bonding Mechanisms for Copper / Steel Interface by Fusion Welding
Authors: A. Hashim F , J. H. Al-Hussnioy Q.
Published: August 2024

The aim of this work is to study the possibility of joining copper ( ASTM , C1020100 ) to low carbon steel ( ASTM A36 ) using the shielded metal arc welding ( SMAW ) and the gas tungsten arc welding ( GTAW ) processes by eight types of electrodes ; ERNiCrFe-5 , ERNiCu-7 , ECu , ECuSn-A, E309L, E 312, E7018 , and ENi-1. Joint is designed as single –V – butt weld for 5 mm thickness plate . From the microstructure observation there were two kinds of boundaries ; the first is homogenous weld , which happens when fillers with chemical composition is similar to those of one of the parent metals . While the second type is heterogenous nucleation , which happens when the chemical compositions of the fillers and the parent metals are not similar . Three types of solidification were regonized ; the first is epitaxial from the copper side , the second is nonepitaxial from the steel side , and the third type is competitive which shown in the two sides . Solidification cracks on the steel side are shown , and these cracks are filled by brazing process . All tested specimens in tension and bending show the copper properties .
Microstructural Investigation on Severe Cold work and Treated Copper Drawn Wires
Authors: A.Ugla Adnan , A. M Khalid , H. A Talib , A.H Fadhil
Published: August 2024

The aim of this work is to study the microstructure of severe cold work copper wires, which its already processed at Ur Foundation (Nasyeria) which in Ur are cold drawn from 10 mm to 2 mm in diameter, then at final process it will be treated automatically by treated box by 200o C (semi treatment). Our work dealing with taken the final drown wire (2 mm in dia.) and doing a laboratory treatment by 200o C, 300o C, 400o C, and 500o C, one hour at this temperature and the furnace cooled. The result which concluded that the Ur treatment is hot full treatment but a stress relief one with almost same wire property. While the treated wires show a recrystallized structure with inclination by 450 angle for this structure. The high treated temperature shows grain growth and demises the 450 angle structure.
Porosity Control During Preparation of Bronze Filter Materials by Powder Metallurgy
Authors: K. Jabur Saleh , S. Jabur Adnan
Published: August 2024

The ability to achieve close control of porosity and pore size is the main reason that filters are produced by powder metallurgy. This study was performed using bronze alloy powder (Cu-7.5%Sn- 0.1%Fe-0.3%Pb-0.15%Zn). The samples were prepared by two methods :(1) cold die compacting at different particle size, compacting pressure, sintering time, and sintering temperature, and (2) loose powder sintering. The compacts were sintered under controlled atmosphere. After surface preparation of the samples, the microstructure was used to compute the apparent porosity. It was found that the(Loose Powder Sintering) method is optimum method to produce highly porous materials with (~59%) porosity when selecting the proper conditions. The porosities obtained using cold die compaction are ranging between (5-41%) and sintered density ranging between (58.6-94.3%) of the theoretical mean density of the starting materials.
البنية المجهرية وآلية الربط لملحومات القوس الكهربائي غير المتماثلة فولاذ الى نحاس
Authors: عذيب مشاري عبد الله
Published: August 2024

The aim of this work is to study thebonding mechanism and the microstructure of copper to steel welded by shielded metal arc welding (SMAW). The electrodes that used are ECuSi and ECuSn8thenthe examination of microstructure by optical microscopic, it is clearly observed that the copper side are completely interfering with epitaxial growth when using ECuSn8 but the side of steel reveal interaction waves at the interface with nonepitaxial growth. Some of fine cracks observed at the interface with ECuSi. The use of ECuSn8 explain interfering fine blockes from the steel inside the fusion zone.