bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Net environmental benefit analysis — a tool of decision-making at oil spill response
Authors:   Central Marine Research and Design Institute, Semanov G.N. , Gutnik A.N. ,   Sakhalin Energy Investment Company Ltd., Zatsepa S.N. ,   N. N. Zubov’s State Oceanographic Institute, Ivchenko A.A. ,   N. N. Zubov’s State Oceanographic Institute, Solbakov V.V. ,   Federal research center «Informatics and management» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Stanovoy V.V. ,   State Research Center "Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute", Shivaev A.A. ,   Sakhalin Energy Investment Company Ltd.
Published: December 2020

Development of oilfields started in Arctic requires adequate response preparedness to potential oil spills. Mechanical recovery due to specific conditions of Arctic has a lot of limitation in application and cannot prevent pollution of Special protected areas (SPA). It is necessary to consider application of dispersants and in situ burning (ISB). Oil spill dispersants are mixtures of nontoxic surface active agents in organic solvent, specifically formulated to enhance the natural dispersion of oil into the sea water column thus enhancing the biodegradation processes. Dispersed oil is practically non adhesive to feather of birds and hair of mammals. The treatment of oil with dispersants requires a cautious strategy in making decisions. It can be achieved by usage of special tool –Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) procedures. The decision of dispersants application should be based on the following comparison: “What would be the impact of the pollution when treated with dispersant and when non treated with dispersant?” The NEBA should consider the behaviour of the treated non-treated oil, assess consequently the different resources which will be concerned either by the treated oil or by the surface film oil, assess the sensitivity of the different resources at concern towards the dispersed oil and toward the floating oil film. These analyses assist decision makers when considering whether or not the use of dispersants is appropriate to minimize the environmental/economic damage. This article describes the experience of NEBA application to substantiate decisions how to respond to potential oil spills at the sites on Aniva bay of Sakhalin-2 project at different oil spills scenarios. It was used incremental approach to choose them. Based on sensitivity maps, information about level of impact dispersed and floating oil on bioresources and results of mathematical modelling efficacy of different response methods application: monitoring (no actions to recover spilt oil), mechanical recovery and mechanical recovery together with dispersants application it was shown that SPA can be protected from pollution in most scenarios only in case of dispersants application. Amount of oil stranded on shore in case of application of response method was used as criteria of efficacy of method application level of damage.
Water transport and energetic of North European part of Russia (a review)
Authors:   Northern Water Problems Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of the RAS, Filatov N.N. , Karpechko V.A. ,   Northern Water Problems Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of the RAS, Litvinenko A.V. ,   Northern Water Problems Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of the RAS, Bogdanova M.S. ,   Northern Water Problems Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of the RAS
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the problem of water transport and energy development, and their peculiarities in the north of European Russia. The specific features of water transport and energy were considered for each of the regions. The main challenges and possible solutions for the development of water supply were studied. Inland waterways in the northern part of European Russia constitute about 13% of the length of Russia’s inland waterways. The region has considerable potential for the development of inland waterways. The main problem for inland water transport lies in an unsatisfactory condition of the waterways. Water transport cannot be developed further without addressing the shortage of new ports and docks, as well as without the introduction of new cargo and passenger vessels. The region has significant untapped hydropower potential. The hydropower characteristics of watercourses typical of the north of European Russia allow for the generation of electricity by small hydropower plants, fully satisfying the needs of regions whose economies are focused on agricultural and forest industry. Revival of the small hydropower industry will help to both avoid energy deficit in remote areas and reduce the burden on the environment. Some problems of water resources of the north of European Russia are associated with partly outdated laws and regulations, flaws of water management systems, their lack of compliance with the current and future economic development of the country, as well as the requirements of environmental safety.
The current state and dynamics of the water economy in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the territory of the White Sea basin
Authors:   Northern Water Problems Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of the RAS, Filatov N.N. , Litvinenko A.V. ,   Northern Water Problems Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of the RAS, Bogdanova M.S. ,   Northern Water Problems Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of the RAS
Published: December 2020

Based on the analysis of statistical information, the authors consider the water economy development in three constituent entities of the Russian Federation that have the greatest impact on the ecosystem of the White Sea — the Republic of Karelia, Arkhangelsk and Murmansk regions — in conjunction with the socio-economic conditions for the development of the region. The authors estimate the current scale and dynamics of total water consumption and its components (industrial, communal, agricultural and fishery) for the period 2010—2017. They outline that the main water consumer remains the industry, with a minimal development of agriculture, and note that the development of the region is taking place against the background of a constant decrease in the population (by 28% over the period under review), which also determines a decrease in the volume of water consumption, both total (by 10%) and, especially, household water (by 37%). In addition, there is a constant decrease in the volume of agricultural water consumption. Surface water bodies are the main source of water resources. Groundwater accounts for only 8%. Seawater is also used to a small extent, and its share has dropped significantly in recent years. The provision of renewable water resources (river runoff) is high and exceeds the national average with a low utilization rate. Currently, the water bodies of the region are under heavy pressure from various industries, as well as water transport and other water users. The volume of wastewater disposal and the degree of purification during the period under review remains practically stable. However, about 35% of the total volume of wastewater discharged annually is contaminated and insufficiently treated, which determines the threat of serious risks to the freshwater and marine ecosystems of the region.
Migration of the Russian Arctic population: models, routes, results
Authors:   Institute of socio-economic and energy problems of the North, Komi Science Centre Ural Branch of the RАS, Fauzer V.V. , Smirnov A.V. ,   Institute of socio-economic and energy problems of the North, Komi Science Centre Ural Branch of the RАS
Published: December 2020

Population migration continues to be the main factor affecting the population dynamics in the Russian Arctic. The article discusses the theoretical provisions that reveal the essence of population migration, presents the main migration theories that explain the mobility of the population in the Arctic conditions. The object of the study is 75 urban and municipal districts of the Russian Arctic. The research focuses on the population migration and its impact on the population of the Russian Arctic. The authors propose a method for studying migration processes by analyzing municipal statistics and directions of movement based on social network data. The method reveals the main migration flows and patterns of population movement in the Arctic regions in 2012—2019. Based on the identified trends, the authors forecast migration dynamics and its impact on the population. Spatial analysis shows that current migration processes in the Arctic are the result of a complex combination of natural, historical, social and economic causes. Using data of the project “The virtual population of Russia”, the authors identify the main routes of population movement in the Arctic regions. The research reveals that residents of urban districts most often move to Moscow and St. Petersburg, and the ones of urban districts — to regional centers. The analysis shows that medium and large cities are of particular importance in migration processes. They are intermediate links of migration routes from the Arctic territories to federal and regional capitals located outside the Arctic. The authors describe three models of migration processes, depending on the age and sex composition of the migrating population and the stages of territory development.
Penile Implants in the Treatment of Peyronie's Disease with Erectile Dysfunction
Authors:   College of Medicine- Hawler Medical University - Erbil- Iraq, Yones Muhammed Mazen
Published: December 2020

Background: Peyronie’s disease and erectile dysfunction is common related pathological condition and single treatment for both conditions is the goal. Objective: To report our practice in the managing of patients with Peyronie’s disease associated with erectile dysfunction. Patients and Methods: This study was carried out during the period of 2014-2018, twenty-one adult patients (39-68) years were treated by malleable penile implant surgery. All patients presented with Peyronie’s disease associated with erectile dysfunction. The sorts of additional maneuvers and their achievement in additional straightening the residual curvature have been stated. Results: We deliberate medical conditions that have an association between erectile dysfunction and Peyronie’s disease and performing straightening procedures, modeling was successful in decrease penile curvature and Patient satisfaction rates 80% for both patients, partners have been reported in this literature. Conclusion: However, when Peyronie’s disease exists with ED, the gold standard treatment is penile prosthesis surgery with additional straightening procedures. Keywords: Penile prostheses, Erectile dysfunction, Peyronie’s disease
Migraine in Obesity: Is It Prevalent?
Authors:   Kurdistan Council for Medical Specialties - Erbil- Iraq, Sabir Saeed Aso , MohammadAmin Shukr Osama
Published: December 2020

Background: Several studies have demonstrated an association between obesity and migraine. It’s still unclear whether migraine is the cause or it's the result of obesity. Objective: We investigated the prevalence of migraine among obese and non-obese individuals and analyzed the relationship between migraine prevalence and obesity. Patients and Methods: This is cross-sectional observational study was carried out at the neurology outpatients’ department of the Rizgary Teaching Hospital in Erbil, Iraq, from July 1st , 2018 to September 30, 2019. We interviewed and examined 300 persons, both obese (n=154) and non-obese (n=146), and of both gender. All of them were adults (>18 years old). Each person's weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference were measured.The diagnosis of migraine was made according to the International Headache Society’s criteria. Obesity was present if the individual’s BMI is ≥30 and/or waist-to-hip ratio is >0.9 in females and >1.0 in males. Results: Out of the 300 persons, 14 males (8.5%) got migraines while migraine was found in 37 females (27.4%), irrespective of their weight. Out of the 300 persons, the prevalence of migraine among obese individuals was 21.4% (n=33) and while in non-obese individuals was 12.3% (n=18). There was a statistically significant difference between the groups (p-value=0.045). The overall prevalence of migraine was 16.9% of the persons interviewed. Conclusion: The results showed that migraine is more prevalent among obese persons than non-obese persons and the difference was statistically significant. Keywords: Migraine, obesity, BMI, headache
Epidemiological Study of Non-communicable Diseases Among Patients Attending Nutritional Clinic in Baquba Teaching Hospital
Authors:   Baquba Teaching Hospital-Dyiala - Iraq, Akram Hassan Moneam , Harfash Hassan Abd Alsalam , Ghazal Noaman Nadhim
Published: December 2020

Background: Non-communicable diseases are chronic diseases with long duration resulting from a combination of many factors like genetic, physiological, environmental, and lifestyle. Factors like poor diet, lack of exercise, tobacco, drugs, alcohol, family, and environment are risk factors for non-communicable diseases.Non-communicable diseases have huge economic consequences due to health care costs and lost economic productivity. Non-communicable diseases are responsible for 63% of the total death. Modifiable risk factors due to lifestyle can be controlled or reduced by intervention like lack of exercise, smoking, alcohol, unbalanced diet while non-modifiable risk factors cannot be reduced or controlled like age, gender, genetics. Improper maternal nutrition in utero and during the first year of life is associated with the risk of non-communicable diseases in adulthood. Obesity is now a public health problem because of strong association with hypertension, coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes and stroke. Objective: To determine non -communicable diseases among patients attending a nutrition clinic in Baquba Teaching Hospital and to assess the diseases in relation to age, gender, residency, occupation, and educational level. Patients and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Baquba Teaching Hospital, a review of patients’ records was done from the start of January 2015 to 31st December 2017. Data were collected by specially designed questionnaire which includes age, gender, height, weight, occupation, residency, and educational level. Results presented in tables with numbers and percentages. Results: The total number of records were (891) .obesity and morbid obesity (64.2%). Obesity (52.7%) followed by hypertension (20.3%). Most of the cases were female (66.7%). The age group of (31-40) year was mostly affected (23.2%). Urban residents (77.2%) of cases .House wives (48.2%) followed by students (23.1%). (63.8%) of cases were graduated from primary and secondary school. Conclusion: Most the cases were obese. Female affected more than male, majority of cases in the age group below 50 years, urban residents more than rural residents, most of cases were house wives, matority of cases were graduated from primary and secondary school. Keywords: Non-commnicable diseases, obesity, lifestyle
Partial Seizures, Etiologies and Associated Comorbidity Factors
Authors:   Pediatrics Department- Al-Batool Maternity &Children Hospital-Diyala-Iraq, M  Kadhim Mezher , I  Kadhim Jalil , H  Basee Haitham , A Mohammed Ammar , A Obaid Kareem
Published: December 2020

Background: Partial seizure is well-defined as sudden extreme, profligate, and limited electrical discharges by gray matter from some portions of the brain due to certain structural & metabolic abnormalities. Objective: To distinguish the etiologies of partial seizures and to clarify its association with the age of affected patients. Patients and Methods: A prospective study, done on all patients with neurological consultation in Al- Batool Teaching Hospital, Baqubah Teaching Hospital and Al Yarmouk teaching Hospital from Nov, 2016 to Dec, 2018. Patients with partial seizures and/with secondary generalization were merged. This was fortified through a full history, physical checkup, EEG, and MRI of the brain. The study’s sample comprising 106 patients with partial seizures, the age ranged from 6-75 years, with 52 males and 54 females. Results: Atypical neuroimaging was found in (61%) of patients. Tumors occurred in (19.7%) of patients, the highest of them below 40 years of age while infarctions comprised 25.5% of patients outside this age. Complex partial seizures(CPS) patients with temporal lobe foci comprised 83.7 % and (16.2%) had frontal lobe problems, while (49%) of Simple partial seizures (SPS) patients had frontal lobe foci, 22% frontoparietal and 13% had parietal lobe foci and had brain lesions were spotted in 75.4% of patients with SPS and (35.1%) with complex partial seizures. Conclusion: Infarction is a common reason for partial seizures in patients above 40 years while below this age the tumor is common etiology. A partial seizure is connected mostly with brain lesions. Keywords: Partial seizures, comorbid factors, brain lesions
Unconjugated Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia: Evaluation and Treatment
Authors:   Albatool Teaching Hospital - Diyala- Iraq, T Yaseen Zaid , I Alezzi Jalil , M  Khaleel Suad
Published: December 2020

Background: Neonatal jaundice is a common problem with a lot of faults that may happen during its management. Objective:To study the epidemiological features of the unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia(UHB)in Diyala Governorate and discuss the proper lines of therapy, as well as to discuss the daily practice adopted in our hospital, and its complications. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study included 100 neonates (term and preterm babies) with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia aged 0-7 days who were admitted to the Al-Batool Teaching Hospital in Baqubah, Iraq, from 1st February 2018 to the 1st November 2018. Term infants with total serum bilirubin (TSB) ≥ 22mg/dL were treated with exchange transfusion and phototherapy (Group A, 44 neonates). Those with total serum bilirubin levels from 13-<22mg/dL were treated with phototherapy only (Group B, 56 neonates). These decisions were made according to the TSB level and risk factors. Results: Forty-eight percent of neonates had hemolytic causes (Rh-isoimmunization 13%; ABO-incompatibility 10%; G6PD-deficiency 25%). Other include: sepsis 8%; prematurity 33%; congenital CMV infection 1%; and there were 10% had no evidence of hemolysis or other serious problems. The mortality rate was 3.8% of those who had an exchange transfusion. Conclusion: The decision of kind of treatment is dependent on the underlying etiology of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Keywords: Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, Neonates, complications
The Occurrence of Tongue Lesions among Dental Outpatients Attending Khanzad Dental Polyclinics Center in Erbil City
Authors:   Menistry of Health- Erbil- Iraq, hameed Mirkhan Abdulla Rawa , Fakhree Alzubaidee Ali
Published: December 2020

Background: The tongue can be targeted by a wide range of pathological conditions; the recognition of tongue lesions may be helpful in the early diagnosis of some systemic disorders. Objective: To determine the frequency and relation of the tongue conditions with risk factors among a group of dental outpatients attending a specialized dental polyclinics center in Erbil city, for individuals who are aware of their tongue lesion when to exist, and to estimate the possible coincidence between some of the tongue lesions with age, gender, smoking, alcohol drinking habit, allergic reactions, and systemic diseases. Patients and Methods: 1100 patients were examined for a period of 3 months from October 1st , 2019 – December 31st , 2019. Results: The frequency of tongue conditions was 52.8%, the study sample consists of 520 males 47.3%, and 580 females 52.7%. The age range was from 0.58 to 85 years, and 112 patients had one or more systemic diseases 92 of them were on regular medications. The most common frequent condition was fissured tongue diagnosed in 420 patients 38.2%. Conclusion: The common risk factors for tongue conditions in this study were old age, male gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, and medication intake, around one quarter (25.6%) of the sample has a family history of tongue condition. Keywords: Tongue conditions, fissured tongue, clinical study, coated tongue
Pilot Study of Breast Cancer Patients with a Long Term Follow up in Erbil-Iraq
Authors:   suhelnajjar6063@gmail.com, M  Esmael Najjar Suhel
Published: December 2020

Background: Breast cancer remains as the most common malignant neoplasm in females and one of the main life-threatening diseases, this long-term follow-up study under run for patients of carcinoma of the breast. Objective: To gain practical feedbacks from the progression and fates of the patients who had been managed by the standard is previously known international guidelines. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study involved (40) breast cancer cases In Erbil-Iraq for more than 15 years. Checkup tools were clinical examinations, laboratory investigations, and images for recurrence and metastasis. The following parameters had been studied; Age, clinical presentation, histopathological diagnosis, staging and management including surgeries, further adjuvant therapies and survival rates by periodic follow-up both in hospital and home visits. Results: The results of this study showed that the left breast affected more frequently by 2:1 than the right. In 85% of patients, 1st presentations were in the 1-3 months and in stage II. Age's distribution was mainly between 31-60 years. Only 6 (15%) cases showed positive family history. The most common histopathology type was infiltrative ductal carcinoma 27(67.5%) and the prominent grades were (GII and GIII). Molecular based distribution of (Luminal B) was the biggest immunohistochemical type. About 70% of the cases were managed by quadrectomy or simple mastectomy and/or Axillary clearance. By (15) years follow-up (42.5%) cases lived between 5 to 10 years, and another (17.5%) survived above 10 years. No relation found between the cope of patients with her malignancy and course of the disease. Conclusion: In the future, we have to concentrate on middle age and more scientific educations as they are most affected by (IDC) with advanced searching management routes. Older patient’s carcinoma convention was less aggressive than younger, their life expectancy longer after diagnosis and treatment options. In the young group patient's tumor was more aggressive. Anyhow, breast cancer character remained unpredictable for various involved factors complexity and physiological variability of females. Recurrences, metastasis, and survival depend on familial and environmental code factors. Delay diagnosis is still a disaster in this locality that interferes with better results. Keywords: Breast cancers, follow-up, management , prognosis
Clinical Study of Patients with Oral Lichenoid Processes Attending Khanzad Specialized Teaching Center and Erbil Dermatology Teaching Center
Authors:   Khanzad Specialized Teaching Center-Candidate of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine - Erbil- Iraq, Jalal Hamza Vaman , Fakhree Alzubaidee Ali , Sharif Qurtas Dindar
Published: December 2020

Background: Lichen planus is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the skin and mucous membranes. Oral Lichenoid Reactions (OLRs) comprise a group of lesions with different causative factors such as systemic medication, dental restorative materials, foods, or flavoring agents. Pathologists often group these conditions under the umbrella term of ‘lichenoid processes’. Objective: To provide prevalence and demographic distribution of Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) and OLR among a sample of patients. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Khanzad Teaching Center and Erbil Dermatology Teaching Center. The diagnosis of patients with OLP and OLR were suspected clinically and histopathologically confirmed. Eighty patients of OLP and OLR have been enrolled from both centers. Detailed case histories and clinical presentations were recorded through a questionnaire. Results: Among those patients, 60 (75.0%) were diagnosed as OLP, and 20 (25.0%) patients diagnosed as OLR. Their mean age ± SD was 49.01 ± 11.22 years. Bilateral buccal mucosa (83.8%) was the most affected sites in both groups. The most common clinical types were reticular (90%), and erosive (33.8%). Only 7 patients (8.8%) had an associated skin lichen planus (SLP). Conclusion: The present study revealed that the buccal mucosa was the most affected site, followed by the tongue and palate. The reticular type was the most common affected type followed by the erosive type. Keywords: Oral lichenoid processes, oral lichen planus, oral lichenoid reactions, skin lichen planus
Relationship Between Post-Pubertal Mumps Infection In Males With Infertilityand Its Effect on The Result of Seminal Fluid Analysis and Occurrence of Immunological Infertility
Authors:   College of Health Sciences- Hawler Medical University - Erbil- Iraq, Mohammed Zaki Abdullah Sahar
Published: December 2020

Background: Mumps caused by paramyxovirus in the same group as parainfluenza and Newcastle disease virus, orchitis is the widely recognized complication in post-pubertal males. Approximately 50% of patients with orchitis have some degree of testicular atrophy, but sterility is rare. Objective: To demonstrate the effect of the post-pubertal mumps infection on the result of seminal fluid analysis and to know if infection by mumps after puberty can lead to immunological infertility and production of anti-sperm antibodies. Patients and Methods: Cross-sectional study in which 300 infertile males attending microbiology laboratory in Rizgary teaching hospital in Erbil city in Iraqi Kurdistan from November 2017- September 2018. Questionnaire was prepared for each male which included: name, age, occupation, history of mumps infection after puberty. Seminal fluid collected from each patient after 3 days of abstinence and analyzed according to WHO guidelines. Seminal fluid and serum obtained from each infertile male for the detection of anti-sperm antibodies by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Results: The mean age of the participant in the study was (32.805 year) with the maximum and minimum age was (50, 18) years respectively. The incidence of post-pubertal mumps was (13.3%) and the incidence of abnormal seminal fluid analysis was (10%) and the highest abnormal seminal fluid variables among infertile males with post-pubertal mumps was oligoasthenozoospermia (43%) and the anti-sperm antibodies in the semen of infertile males with post-pubertal mumps infection was (60%) while the frequency of anti-sperm antibodies in the serum in infertile males with a history of post-pubertal mumps was (40%) which was higher than those with no history of post-pubertal mumps with highly significant relation statistically. Conclusion: Abnormal seminal fluid analysis result may be due to post-pubertal mumps and it can lead to (Asthenozoospermia, Oligospermia, and Teratozoospermia). The highest percentage of abnormal seminal fluid variables was Oligoasthenozoospermia the occurrence of anti-sperm antibodies can be the sequence of post-pubertal mumps and by itself can lead to abnormality in the seminal fluid analysis. Mumps can lead to male infertility by affecting the seminal fluid parameters and also by the production of anti-sperm antibodies which can lead to subfertility in adult males. Keywords: Paramyxovirus, post-pubertal mumps, anti-sperm antibodies
Factors Affecting Post Nephrostomy Removal Urinary Leakage after Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)
Authors:   Rizgary Teaching Hospital - Erbil- Iraq, Asaad Othman Karwan , George Gazala Shawqi , Rifaat Jawad Nihad
Published: December 2020

Background: Prolonged urinary leakage after nephrostomy tube removal leads to increased morbidity of PCNL and increased hospitalization. Objective: To evaluate factors affecting post nephrostomy removal urinary leakage after percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Patients and Methods: One hundred eight (108) patients older than 18 years who underwent PCNL were studied prospectively. The reasons that can affect urinary leakage postoperatively were divided into 4 categories according to individual factors including age, gender, and body mass index; Renal factors; including, previous operation, history of ESWL, parenchymal cortical thickness, and grades of hydronephrosis; stone factor (stone burden); and surgical factors including the number of tracts, presence of double J stent, nephrostomy tube diameter and stay duration. These data were compared for postoperative urine leak. Results: Urinary leakage was revealed in 76 of 108 patients (70.3%). There was no statistically significant relationship between individual factors and urinary leakage (P >0.05). Among renal factors, just parenchymal cortical thickness and grade of hydronephrosis were strongly related to the urinary leakage (P <0.001). The renal stone burden did not affect urinary leakage (P >0.05). Among surgical factors, placing of ureteral double-J stent highly minimized the incidence of urinary leakage (P<0.001), and the urinary leakage significantly correlated with the increased diameter of the nephrostomy tube and staying duration (P<0.05). Conclusion: After PCNL surgery, some factors show to influence post-PCNL urinary leakage. however most of the urinary leakage was treated conservatively, but it increases morbidity and hospitalization. Keywords: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy; postsurgical complications; risk-factor; leaking of urine
The Role of C-Reactive Protein in the Infections Caused by Parasites(Review)
Authors:   Department of Biology-College of Science-University of Baghdad-Iraq, Jabbar Saheb Entsar , Hussain Kuba Rasha , Salim Musa Israa
Published: December 2020

Background: Inflammation causes a rise in the levels of certain proteins; these proteins are identified as acute stage proteins and one of these proteins is C-reactive protein (CRP). CRP composed of 206-amino acid of the short pentraxin family. Objective: This review assessed CRP as an inflammatory indicator that has an important role in the host's defense against infection and also it is documented the pivotal role of this protein during infections with different parasites. Conclusion: This review is hypothesizing that CRP levels rise during infections caused by parasites. Other studies revealed that there is no association of soil-transmitted helminths infections with the increasing levels of CRP. Keywords: C-reactive protein; protozoan parasites; soil-transmitted helminths
Study the Incidence of Fistula- in- Ano in Subsequent to Anal Abscess
Authors:   Baquba Technical Institute - Middle Technical University - Diyala- Iraq, Kareem Dhahir Nasir
Published: December 2020

Background: The Fistula disease is considered common surgical case in the surgical wards of the Baquba teaching hospital, and consider as a complication of the anorectal abscess. Objective: To investigate the incidence of cases that infect with fistula in ano in subsequent to different types of anorectal abscesses. Patients and Methods: This study performed in the Baquba teaching hospital in a period from January 2016 until Jun 2018 including 216 patients (124 male and 92 female); all patients were included in the study . Samples of the patients classified into three groups according to the type of management. Results: The results show that the high incidence of fistula in ano is appearing in patients associated with hemorrhoids 8.84%, and high percent in patients who had a perianal abscess (63.48%) Regarding the distribution of cases according to age and sex, a low percentage of cases appear in age (1-10) with 6.45% and 2.18% in males and females respectively. While the highest percentage appears in the males at age (21-30) with 37.11% and in females is at the age (11-20) with 29.35%. And by the chi-square value for males is 16.37 and for females is 9.94 in a significant value of p=0.01 and p=0.05 respectively. Conclusion: Fistula in ano can be associated with cases have hemorrhois, and more present with patients who have a perianal abscess, and the early drainage of the abscess can prevent development of the fistula. Keywords: Fistula, Ano, Anorectal abscess, Internal anal sphincter
Prevalence of Oral Lesions in Patients with Psoriasis
Authors:   Ministry of health - Erbil- Iraq, Salam Mohammad Rekan , Fakhree Alzubaidee Ali , Sharif Qurtas Dindar
Published: December 2020

Background: Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory condition that affects mainly skin and joints which has a genetic and immunological background with unknown etiology. Objective: To determine the prevalence of oral findings and possible association with disease severity in psoriatic patients attending the Erbil Dermatology Teaching Center in Erbil city, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 cases of psoriasis attending Erbil Dermatology Teaching Center in Erbil city, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scored was used for each patient and all participants were examined for observing oral lesions. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version25) was used for analyzing the data. Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact tests were applied as descriptive statistics tests. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among the 120 cases, 50 cases were males and 70 were females, their mean age ± SD was 30.24 ± 14.82 years, and the age range was 6-65 years. Oral lesions were detected in 50 (41.7%) cases, and the most common oral findings were fissured tongue 39 (32.5%) cases and geographic tongue 5 (4.2%). The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score for the majority of the cases were mild and the oral manifestations were strongly associated with the disease severity (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Both fissured tongue and geographic tongue are the two most frequent oral findings in psoriatic patients in this study, the prevalence of these findings increased with the disease severity. Routine examinations of the oral cavity are necessary for all psoriatic patients. Keywords: Psoriasis, oral manifestations, oral lesions, PASI score
Intrasspecific variability in raw material biochemical composition of Hyssopus officinalis L.
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Tkachova E.N. , Kalinichenko L.V. , Malankina E.L.
Published: December 2020

It was studied the content of essential oil, flavonoids, rosmarinic acid in raw materials of 14 varieties of medicinal hyssop from different origin. The content of essential oil ranged within 0.11-0.55% in fresh raw materials, rosmarinic acid in the range of 0.49-0.80%, and flavonoids - 0.68-1.65%.
Özel gereksinimli bireylerin dil gelişim süreçleri ile ilgili yapılan lisansüstü tezlerin analizi
Authors: EROL İsmail , İLHAN ILDIZ Gökçen
Published: December 2020

Özel eğitim; yetersizliklerin engele dönüşmesini önleyen, bireylerin toplum içerisinde bağımsız bir şekilde yaşamasını sağlayan ve sosyal yönden gelişmelerini amaçlayan, becerilerini geliştiren hizmetlerin tümünü kapsamaktadır. Bu hizmetlerden en önemlisi hiç şüphesiz ki dil gelişimidir. Çünkü dil; bireyleri ve toplumları birbirine bağlayan, iletişimi başlatan ve sürdüren, insanların bağ kurmasını sağlayan önemli bir araçtır. Bu araştırmanın amacı Türkiye’de özel gereksinimli bireylerin dil gelişim süreçleri ile ilgili yapılan lisansüstü tezlerin farklı değişkenler açısından incelenmesidir. Yükseköğretim Kurulu tez arama merkezinde “özel eğitimde dil gelişimi” koduyla gerçekleştirilen aramalarda 11 doktora, 54 yüksek lisans tezi ve 4 tıpta uzmanlık tezi olmak üzere toplamda 69 teze ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 69 tez oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde beş aşamalı doküman analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarında; lisansüstü tezlerde en çok tezin 2016’da yazılmış olduğu, eğitim düzeylerine göre 54 tez ile en çok yüksek lisans tezinin olduğu, yazıldıkları dil açısından 62 tezle en çok Türkçe, tez danışmanları bağlamında en fazla Profesör ve Dr. Öğr. Üyesi olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Tez danışmanlarının cinsiyetleri bağlamında 41 kadın; tez yazarlarının cinsiyetleri bağlamında ise 51 kadın olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tezlerin yazıldıkları üniversitelere bakıldığında en fazla Hacettepe ve Ankara Üniversitesi, enstitüler bağlamında en fazla sağlık bilimleri enstitüleri, anabilim dalları bağlamında ise en çok özel eğitim anabilim dallarında tez yazıldığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Tezlerin araştırma yöntemlerine bakıldığında en fazla nicel yöntemlerin tercih edildiği, araştırma modeli bağlamında en çok tarama modelinin kullanıldığı, ele alınan özel eğitim alanına göre işitme engelliler yönünde ağır bastığı ve konular bağlamında ise davranış becerileri gelişim değerlendirmesinin en fazla seçilen konu olduğu görülmektedir.
Türkçe öğretmenleri ile ilgili yapılan lisansüstü tezlerin eğilimleri: bir içerik analizi (2000-2019)
Authors: EYÜP Bircan
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2000-2019 yılları arasında Türkçe öğretmenleri ile ilgili hazırlanan lisansüstü tezlerin içerik analizini yaparak çalışmaların eğilimlerini belirlemektir. Çalışma nitel araştırma modeline göre tasarlanmıştır. Doküman incelemesi tekniği ile Türkçe öğretmenlerine yönelik hazırlanan lisansüstü tezler incelenmiştir. Çalışmada incelenen tezler Ulusal Tez Merkezinin veri tabanında yapılan taramalar sonucu elde edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda tespit edilen lisansüstü tezlerin analizi için ‘Yayın Sınıflama Formu’ kullanılmıştır. Tezlerin içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Tezler yayım yılı, yapıldığı üniversite, yapıldığı program derecesi, anahtar kelime, konu, yöntem, örneklem yöntemi, örneklem sayısı, örneklemin seçildiği şehir, veri toplama araçları ve veri analiz teknikleri açısından incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda 2010’dan sonra Türkçe öğretmenleri ile ilgili daha çok lisansüstü tez hazırlandığı ve bu tezlerin çoğunlukla yüksek lisans programlarında yapıldığını tespit edilmiştir. Türkçe öğretmenleri ile ilgili lisansüstü tezlerin en çok Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi ve Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesinde hazırlandığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırmacıların en çok tercih ettiği anahtar kelimelerin Türkçe öğretmeni/öğretmenleri ve Türkçe eğitimi olduğu belirlenmiştir. En fazla çalışılan konuların ölçme ve değerlendirme ile okuma kültürü/alışkanlığı üzerine olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Nicel çalışmaların ağırlıkta olduğu, ölçeğin en çok kullanılan veri toplama aracı olduğu ve en fazla kullanılan veri analiz tekniğinin nicel analiz tekniklerinden kestirimsel analiz teknikleri olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmaların önemli bir kısmında örneklem yöntemi belirtilmezken örneklem sayısının ağırlıklı olarak 101-200 arasında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tezlerin örneklem seçiminde İstanbul ve Kırşehir şehirlerinde görev yapan Türkçe öğretmenlerinin ön planda olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda, elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Marine expedition research on R/V of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation in 2019
Authors:   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

The volume contains brief information on sea expeditions carried out in 2019 on research vessels operated by organizations subordinate to the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation. Information selected from preliminary reports from expedition leaders. The goals and objectives of the expeditions are included, the areas of work and the location of the sections and stations are shown, the scientific equipment used in the expeditions is listed, and the main results of the expeditions are given.
On the construction of orthogonal curvilinear grids for regional oceanic modeling: algorithm and user guide
Authors: Shchepetkin A. F.
Published: December 2020

A new algorithm for constructing orthogonal curvilinear grids on a sphere for a fairly general geometric shape of the modeling region is implemented as a “compile-once - use forever” software package. It is based on the numerical solution of the inverse problem by an iterative procedure -- finding such distribution of grid points along its perimeter, so that the conformal transformation of the perimeter into a rectangle turns this distribution into uniform one. The iterative procedure itself turns out to be multilevel - i.e. an iterative loop built around another, internal iterative procedure. Thereafter, knowing this distribution, the grid nodes inside the region are obtained solving an elliptic problem. It is shown that it was possible to obtain the exact orthogonality of the perimeter at the corners of the grid, to achieve very small, previously unattainable level of orthogonality errors, as well as make it isotropic -- local distances between grid nodes about both directions are equal to each other.
RESULTS OF MONITORING ON RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION OF COMMERCIAL MARINE ORGANISMS IN THE NORTH-WEST PACIFIC AFTER THE ACCIDENT AT FUKUSHIMA DAI-ICHI NUCLEAR POWER STATION IN 2011
Authors: Borisenko G. S. , Zuenko Yu. I. , Basyuk E. O.
Published: December 2020

Results of several years monitoring on radioactive pollution of fisheries objects in the Russian EEZ and adjacent North-West Pacific (fish, crabs, shrimps, marine algae) after the accident at Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant in 2011 are generalized. Two catastrophic releases of radioactive isotopes to atmosphere and directly to the ocean happened at Fukushima in late March and early April, 2011. However, not a single case of dangerous pollution of fish or seafoods caught by Russian fishermen was detected. The highest activity of radioisotopes (137Cs up to 8.1 Bq/kg, 134Cs to 6.9 Bq/kg ww) was found for fish (pink salmon juveniles) caught off Kuril Islands in several days after the strongest release of radionuclides into the atmosphere. Soon, in summer 2011, the level of radioactive pollution in this area came close to the regional background level, the pre-accident level was restored in 2012, and the tendency to decreasing of radioactive pollution (that was observed after the nuclear tests termination) was restored in 2013. The observed radioactive contamination of fish, invertebrates and algae tissues is considerably (in 1–2 orders) below the sanitary permissible levels for isotopes of Cs and Sr. Lack of significant consequences of the Fukushima Dai-ichi accident for bioresources of Russian waters is explained by spatial patterns of the water drift from Fukushima coast driven by oceanic currents in spring-summer of 2011 that was directed generally eastward, far from the Russian coasts. There is noted that radioactive contamination of fish tissues is determined by current radiation situation (here and now), no signs of accumulation and transfer of pollution by migratory species are found.
What Role for Carboxytherapy in the Treatment of Acne Scars?
Authors: Peixoto Joana , Resse Lascasas Joana , Vedor Sofia
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Acne is an extremely prevalent condition. The healing of active acne lesions may result in the development of scars. Atrophic scars are the main scars caused by acne and result from the degradation of collagen fibers. Carboxytherapy is a minimally invasive method that involves the application of carbon dioxide subcutaneously through small infiltrations in the skin, which improves scar tissue by increasing collagen's deposition and reorganization. The aim of this study is to review the role of carboxytherapy in the treatment of atrophic facial scars, alone or in combination with other techniques.

Methods: A literature search was conducted on several databases using MeSH terms “carboxytherapy”, “carbon dioxide/therapy” and “wounds” for guidelines, systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and observational studies, published over the last 20 years in Portuguese, English or Spanish languages.

Results: A total of 129 articles were retrieved, of which four experimental studies and one case series were selected. Comparing the techniques of microneedling and carboxytherapy, both were considered non-invasive treatment modalities with equal effectiveness, tolerability and safety, resulting in similar histopathological changes. On the other hand, despite the improvement of acne scars in both treatment modalities, the results were significantly better in favor of carbon dioxide fractional laser, despite having more side effects than carboxytherapy. When these techniques are combined and carboxytherapy is used as a subcision method, there is a more marked and rapid improvement in the appearance of acne scars.

Discussion: Carboxytherapy is a promising modality in the treatment of atrophic acne scars, alone or in combination with other techniques.
Endometriose Cutânea Primária: Diagnóstico Raro e Desafiador
Authors: De Souza Pessoa Allen , Câmara Mariz Juliana , De Oliveira Martins Bárbara , Franco Belga Laura , Mara Costa Evelyne , Lago Abadia Daniel
Published: December 2020

A endometriose ocorre em cerca de 10% das mulheres em idade reprodutiva, é histopatologicamente definida pela presença de tecido glandular endometrial e/ou estroma fora da cavidade uterina. A principal localização cutânea é o umbigo. A endometriose cutânea primária é rara e subdiagnosticada. Deve ser suspeitada na presença de nódulo eritemato-violáceo com tendência a sangramento, especialmente durante o período menstrual, mesmo na ausência de cirurgia abdominal anterior ou história de endometriose pélvica. A ressecção cirúrgica é o tratamento de escolha. A avaliação ginecológica é recomendada, visto que a associação com a doença pélvica ocorre em 26% dos casos de endometriose cutânea. Relatamos caso de paciente sem história de cirurgias abdominais e/ou endometriose, com nódulo violáceo em cicatriz umbilical com um ano de evolução, com sangramento durante o período menstrual e após traumas.
INNOVATIVE CONSTRUCTIVISTIC APPROACH OF TEACHING AND LEARNING
Authors: Chellammal M.
Published: December 2020

In the present scenario educational curriculum and instructional methods are changing to the challenging needs of the learners. The most important component of the current redevelopment of all subjects’ area curricula is the change in focus of instruction from the transmission curriculum to a transactional curriculum. National Curriculum Framework (NCF 2005) recommends that curriculum should help learners to become constructors of knowledge and emphasizes the active role of teachers in relation to the process of knowledge construction. This paper highlights that the Constructivist approach of teaching and learning fosters critical thinking, interactive and reflective attitude, collaborative and inquiry based knowledge among the learners. In the constructivist approach, learners construct their own knowledge by testing ideas and approaches based on their prior knowledge and experience, applying them to new situations and integrating new knowledge gained with preexisting intellectual constructs. It frees teachers to make decisions that enhance and enrich learners' development in all areas.