bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an X-ray ionization beam position monitor for PAL-XFEL soft X-rays
Authors: Kim Seonghan , Hwang SunMin , Jang Hoyoung , Lee Seungcheol , Hyun HyoJung
Published: July 2024

The Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free-Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL) operates hard X-ray and soft X-ray beamlines for conducting scientific experiments providing intense ultrashort X-ray pulses based on the self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) process. The X-ray free-electron laser is characterized by strong pulse-to-pulse fluctuations resulting from the SASE process. Therefore, online photon diagnostics are very important for rigorous measurements. The concept of photo-absorption and emission using solid materials is seldom considered in soft X-ray beamline diagnostics. Instead, gas monitoring detectors, which utilize the photo-ionization of noble gas, are employed for monitoring the beam intensity. To track the beam position at the soft X-ray beamline in addition to those intensity monitors, an X-ray ionization beam position monitor (XIBPM) has been developed and characterized at the soft X-ray beamline of PAL-XFEL. The XIBPM utilizes ionization of either the residual gas in an ultra-high-vacuum environment or injected krypton gas, along with a microchannel plate with phosphor. The XIBPM was tested separately for monitoring horizontal and vertical beam positions, confirming the feasibility of tracking relative changes in beam position both on average and down to single-shot measurements. This paper presents the basic structure and test results of the newly developed non-invasive XIBPM.
The role of training in the “school-to-work” transition in the Russian labour market
Authors: Smoliarchuk Ekaterina , Roshchin Sergey , Travkin Pavel
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The article aims to describe the role of training and examines the impact on the wages of university and college graduates.

Design/methodology/approach

We use nationwide administrative data on university and college graduates in 2019. The population includes 1.3 million observations, of which 222,000 (∼16%) received training after graduation from an educational institution (from July 2019 to 2022). We used OLS and the “difference-in-differences” methods to estimate the returns to training. Estimates obtained using the DID method turned out to be several times smaller because they consider unobserved characteristics (abilities).

Findings

We obtained several key findings. First, the participation of graduates in training is high, despite their recent education. Second, undergoing training is conditional on the existence of wage returns. The results show a wage premium of 17.8% (OLS method) and 2.0% (DID method). Third, graduates from nonselective universities (with low state exam score) try to participate more actively in training to acquire missing knowledge and skills. The wage premium for graduates from nonselective universities is 19.1% (OLS method) and 5.1% (DID method). Fourth, there is a high return to training for graduates from socially relevant fields (education and healthcare), where training is regular and mandatory.

Originality/value

This paper is one of the first to estimate the involvement and returns to training for graduates using nationwide administrative data in Russia.
Organisational sensemaking, outside-in entrepreneurial marketing capability, and effectual problem setting
Authors: Yang Zhi , Yang Jinglan , Liang Xiao
Published: July 2024

Purpose

How an entrepreneurial organisation sets the problem space determines the future venturing mode. However, the factors that contribute to differences in problem space are still not well-developed. Based on sensemaking theory, this study explores the influence mechanism and boundary conditions of organisational sensemaking on effectual problem setting.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on survey data from 162 entrepreneurial organisations in China. Hierarchical regression is used for analysing the data and testing the hypotheses.

Findings

Organisational sensemaking has a negative effect on effectual problem setting and a positive impact on outside-in entrepreneurial marketing capability; outside-in entrepreneurial marketing capability has a negative effect on effectual problem setting; outside-in entrepreneurial marketing capability plays a partially mediating role in the relationship between organisational sensemaking and effectual problem setting. Organisational size negatively moderates the relationship between organisational sensemaking and outside-in entrepreneurial marketing capability. It also negatively moderates the indirect effect of organisational sensemaking on effectual problem setting through outside-in entrepreneurial marketing capability.

Originality/value

First, this study contributes to the research on effectual problem setting by introducing organisational sensemaking as an antecedent. Second, this study extends the literature on organisational sensemaking by showing how organisational sensemaking affects entrepreneurial uncertainty, instead of treating uncertainty as an exogenous shock. Third, this study introduced the outside-in entrepreneurial marketing capability to reveal the mediating mechanism between organisational sensemaking and effectual problem setting.
Overall lean and green effectiveness based on the environmentally sustainable value stream mapping adapted to agribusiness
Authors: Andreazza de Freitas Guilherme , Hernandes de Paula e Silva Marina , Aparecido Lopes Silva Diogo
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to implement Lean and Green principles within the agribusiness sector, focusing specifically on employing Environmentally Sustainable Value Stream Mapping (Sus-VSM) to assess critical indicators for both present and future states of an orange farm. The objective is to enhance value while simultaneously mitigating environmental impacts.

Design/methodology/approach

Employing a mixed-method research design, this study integrates both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. It adapts Sus-VSM and introduces inventory analysis frameworks for application within the agricultural domain, conducting a case study on an orange farm located in Sergipe, Brazil. This research seeks to provide actionable insights into the application of Lean and Green principles in agribusiness and introduces the Overall Lean-Green Effectiveness (OLGE) as an innovative decision-making tool for managers.

Findings

The study underscores the efficacy of Sus-VSM in the agricultural sector, albeit noting the necessity for certain process modifications to ensure successful implementation. Upon comparison of the two states, it is observed that the current state incurs 70.55% higher impacts on climate change (0.47 tCO2eq./ha), whereas the future state could yield a 4.08% increase in aggregated value. Improvements from the current to the future scenario can primarily be achieved through enhanced management of in-field inventory of inputs, given that OLGE in this case study is significantly influenced by efficient inventory management.

Originality/value

The adaptation of VSM for agricultural operations, coupled with the integration of environmental sustainability indicators, represents an innovative strategy for enhancing agricultural processes while minimizing environmental impacts. The proposition of a new Lean and Green indicator, the OLGE, aims to facilitate the interpretation of results and guide improvements.
Developing project-based supplier relations in a programmatic multi-project context: an exemplary case study from the construction industry
Authors: van de Waerdt Gijsbert , Volker Leentje , Vosman Lynn , Voordijk Hans
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The aim of this research is to explore how a programmatic multi-project context influences project-based firms (PBFs) in organizing their relations with other PBFs and suppliers in a project-based industry.

Design/methodology/approach

A multiple case study research is conducted. Data are collected from two case studies in the construction infrastructure sector. Eleven interviews with contractors and other suppliers are the primary source of data collection. The data are complemented by procurement documents and expert consultations.

Findings

The findings show that within a programmatic multi-project context, PBFs settle relations with (1) key partners for program management capacity, PBFs establish relations with (2) main contractors to divide projects and (innovation) tasks, and PBFs intensify relations with (3) suppliers to ensure continuity and expertise.

Research limitations/implications

The study contributes to the body of project management literature by exploring PBF’s relations with other PBFs and suppliers in a multi-project context. Based on empirical data, the study provides a distinction in layers presenting distinct levels of PBF’s supplier relations. This layer structure provides an excellent starting point for future studies exploring the program perspective of PBFs in the integrated supply chain.

Originality/value

Given the increase in programmatic multi-project context for project-based domains, discussed in both literature and practice, this study explores the effect of programs on relations of PBFs with other PBFs and suppliers. The study distinguishes PBF’s relations with the different suppliers in three layers and discusses the characteristics of these relations.
Performance measurement and critical success factors: a case study of a national health service
Authors: Sardi Alberto , Sorano Enrico , Tradori Vania , Ceruzzi Paolo
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The process of performance measurement provides support to company management to achieve the objectives established in strategic planning. Through the definition of critical success factors and related key performance indicators, performance measurement verifies the gap between planned objectives and the results achieved, informing the responsible bodies to enable them to evaluate performance and, if necessary, implement improvement actions. Although many types of companies adopt performance measurement, this process is challenging when applied to national health services. This paper aims to identify the evolution of performance measurement and the critical success factors of national health services.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted an explorative case study of a leading national health service to delineate the evolutionary path of performance measurement and the main critical success factors.

Findings

The results indicate a significant increase in the maturity of performance measurement of a national health service that has been motivated by international reforms and national regulations. This research highlights performance measurement features such as a balanced set of metrics, targets, and incentives linked to strategic objectives and regular and frequent performance reviews. Furthermore, it identifies the performance measurement model of a leading national health service.

Originality/value

The evolution of performance measurement and numerous critical success factors of national health services are described; the critical success factors cover a wide range of financial to operational aspects such as patient safety, organizational appropriateness, and clinical appropriateness.
Stakeholder dynamics in rural Lebanese women’s entrepreneurship
Authors: Kuran Omaya , Khabbaz Lara
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the challenges faced by rural women entrepreneurs in Lebanon and explore how stakeholder engagement strategies, guided by stakeholder theory, can mitigate these challenges. By analyzing the interactions between stakeholders and women entrepreneurs, the study aims to uncover effective solutions that contribute to the sustained success of women entrepreneurs in Lebanon's rural areas.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses participatory action research (PAR) and narrative inquiry. PAR involves women entrepreneurs as active collaborators, fostering participation and enabling marginalized voices to address business challenges. Narrative inquiry delves into their experiences deeply, accessing multiple perspectives and insights.

Findings

This study uncovers challenges in resource accessibility, societal norms and market limitations for rural women entrepreneurs in Lebanon. Stakeholder influence, especially community support and tailored training programs, proves crucial. However, governmental involvement remains limited, relying more on nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and expert mentorship. Targeted interventions and policies are essential for inclusive growth and gender equality in entrepreneurship.

Originality/value

This paper offers a unique perspective by focusing on rural women entrepreneurs in Lebanon, exploring their specific challenges within the country's socioeconomic landscape. Its interdisciplinary approach and actionable recommendations for practical strategies, along with a comprehensive stakeholder analysis, provide novel insights into women's entrepreneurship in rural settings.
Continuous intention usage of artificial intelligence enabled digital banks: a review of expectation confirmation model
Authors: Bhatnagr Puneett , Rajesh Anupama , Misra Richa
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study builds on a conceptual model by integrating AI features – Perceived intelligence (PIN) and anthropomorphism (PAN) – while extending expectation confirmation theory (ECT) factors – interaction quality (IQU), confirmation (CON), and customer experience (CSE) – to evaluate the continued intention to use (CIU) of AI-enabled digital banking services.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected through an online questionnaire administered to 390 digital banking customers in India. The data were further analysed, and the presented hypotheses were evaluated using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

The research indicates that perceived intelligence and anthropomorphism predict interaction quality. Interaction quality significantly impacts expectation confirmation, consumer experience, and the continuous intention to use digital banking services powered by AI technology. AI design will become a fundamental factor; thus, all interactions should be user-friendly, efficient, and reliable, and the successful implementation of AI in digital banking will largely depend on AI features.

Originality/value

This study is the first to demonstrate the effectiveness of an AI-ECT model for AI-enabled Indian digital banks. The user continuance intention to use digital banking in the context of AI has not yet been studied. These findings further enrich the literature on AI, digital banking, and information systems by focusing on the AI's Intelligence and Anthropomorphism variables in digital banks.
Putting a decommissioning programme into action: an interview study with politicians and public servants in a local healthcare organisation
Authors: Gustafsson Inga-Britt , Wallin Lars , Winblad Ulrika , Fredriksson Mio
Published: July 2024

Purpose

A local healthcare organisation providing healthcare to 288,000 residents in Sweden struggled with a longstanding budget deficit. Several attempts to overcome the demanding financial situation have failed. A decommissioning programme was launched, and two years later, an evaluation indicated positive outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore factors politicians and public servants perceived as enablers to the successful implementation of the programme.

Design/methodology/approach

A deductive content analysis approach using a framework of factors facilitating successful implementation of decommissioning decisions was applied to analyse interviews with 18 informants.

Findings

Important factors were: (1) a review report contributing to the clarity of evidence, which (2) made the clarity of the rationale for change undeniable and (3) strengthened the political support for change. Additional factors were: (4) the strength of executive leadership, (5) the strength of clinical leadership supported by (6) the quality of project management and (7) a cultural and behavioural change seen as an important outcome for the path forward. A way to maximise the potential for a successful implementation of a large-scale decommissioning programme is to build a shared vision and a collaboration grounded in convincing evidence. Include public servants with a clinical background in the executive leadership team to contribute with legitimacy, competence, and trust in the decommissioning programme’s intention.

Originality/value

The paper addresses the limited knowledge of best practices in decommissioning processes and contributes empirical knowledge from a successful case.
Unpacking the knowledge dimensions of digital innovation: implications for accountability in public and private sectors during extraordinary times
Authors: Maione Gennaro , Leoni Giulia , Magliacani Michela
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore what and how digital innovation, as a knowledge-based and multi-dimensional process, can be used to increase the accountability of public and private sector organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

Taking an interpretivist approach, qualitative research is designed around Strong Structuration Theory (SST). A content analysis of relevant documents and semi-structured interviews focusing on the relationships between digital innovation and accountability in extraordinary times is conducted.

Findings

The results show the existence of digital innovation barriers and facilitators that can have an impact on accountability during extraordinary times. The research highlights how managers of public organizations focus largely on the social dimension of knowledge (i.e., competencies shaped by collective culture), while managers of private organizations focus mainly on the human dimension of knowledge (i.e., skills gained through learning by doing).

Research limitations/implications

The paper enriches the accountability literature by historicizing SST for extraordinary times and by utilizing a multiple-dimensional approach to digital innovation. Also, the work underlines specific strategies organizations could usefully adopt to improve accountability through digital innovation in the public and private sectors during extraordinary times.

Originality/value

This article emphasizes the crucial integration of technological components with knowledge. In particular, the digital innovation is considered as a strong synergy of human and social dimensions that compels organizations toward enhanced accountability, particularly in the face of extraordinary challenges.
Are SPACs a good investment deal for investors? A performance comparison between SPACs vs IPOs
Authors: Anconetani Rachele , Colantoni Federico , Martielli Francesco , Bui Huu Duc , Binh Do
Published: July 2024

Purpose

SPACs are reshaping the world of digital entrepreneurial finance. Firms in the digital sector often need access to public markets for long-term competitiveness. SPACs offer a viable solution for these entities to collect capital and transition to public ownership quicker than IPOs. In this context, the paper aims to analyse and compare the performance of SPACs with those of IPOs in the post-business combination phase. The objective is to provide novel insights into the determinants of SPAC operating and market performance by considering firm-specific and deal-specific characteristics and the broader implications of market uncertainty.

Design/methodology/approach

The analysis applies univariate and multivariate OLS regressions to a sample of 96 SPACs to investigate the drivers affecting SPACs' performance vis-a-vis IPOs.

Findings

The study finds that SPACs underperform the matched group of IPOs on both operating and stock market performance (buy-and-hold strategy). The time to execute a business combination negatively correlates with SPAC performance, and proximity to the 80% deal threshold negatively affects share price performance and EBITDA margin.

Practical implications

The objective is to offer insights for institutional investors to effectively select prime targets within the SPAC framework.

Originality/value

This study strengthens the findings related to the drivers influencing the long-term performance of SPACs that were previously identified in prior research.
Enhancing accessibility in multi-learner virtual reality platform
Authors: Brock Sabra E. , Tandon Ayushi , Joglekar Yogini E , Behmuaras Pia
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate and propose guidelines to enhance the accessibility of virtual reality (VR) interfaces for all users within professional learning environments. Motivated by a lack of comprehensive accessibility guidelines for VR learning, the study delves into a case study of Edstutia’s VR campus.

Design/methodology/approach

This case study examines the intersection of VR platform development and learning experience design through the lens of accessibility in human-computer interaction. It elaborates on how user experience feedback from differently-abled learners who were unable to fully participate in the VR experience due to disability shaped the 2.0 version development of a VR platform.

Findings

The outcomes of this case study are (1) a description of an inclusive and empathetic design application to increase multi-learner VR platform accessibility, (2) a sample actionable path from a design/development perspective in ensuring the accessibility design of a VR learning platform, and recommendations to facilitate the design process.

Research limitations/implications

This case is a foundation for further research on improving accessibility in VR. In future work on VR campuses, we recommend scholars undertake research with an inclusive approach that actively involves users with different abilities in shaping guidelines, particularly on how individuals with different abilities should be approached for their input during the design and development process in a sensitive manner.

Practical implications

The authors summarize the steps taken to enhance the accessible interplay between the end users and the interface of VR technology in the emergence of VR accessibility standards. Central to this case’s exploration is the integration of accessibility as a pivotal element into an academic VR campus, i.e. multilearner education platform.

Social implications

Increasing access to VR has strong social implications in a world where 17% of people report a disability.

Originality/value

This case contributes to the limited research available on increasing access to VR on campuses.
Job crafting as a key ingredient for higher creative performance in coworking spaces
Authors: Berdicchia Domenico , Masino Giovanni , Fortezza Fulvio
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Coworking spaces represent a new, rapidly emerging phenomenon. Available empirical literature is sparse and mostly focused on structural elements, whereas the organizational and behavioral dynamics are still largely understudied. This study aims to explore the idea that coworking users’ proactivity (more specifically, job crafting behaviors) plays a key role in positively influencing creative performance, and that such a relationship is better understood by examining both the mediating role of work meaningfulness and the moderating role of knowledge sharing.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is based on survey data from a relevant sample of users in Italian coworking spaces. A mediated-moderated analysis is used.

Findings

The “approach” job crafting behaviors have a significant influence on creative performance, via work meaningfulness, whereas this is not true for “avoidance” job crafting behaviors. Knowledge sharing plays a significant moderating role in the former relationship.

Research limitations/implications

The theoretical, practical and social implications discussed help to further the discourse surrounding the relationships between job crafting, creative performance and coworking spaces. This unique work setting enables a variety of value appropriation pathways to be promoted and supported. As such, coworking spaces are also “laboratories” where the future of work organization can be better understood.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the existing coworking spaces literature as it is one of the very few that sheds light on users’ behaviors, and to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the first one to consider job crafting as a relevant variable. It also contributes to the current job crafting literature by helping to clarify why available studies have yielded mixed results in examining the relationship between job crafting and creative performance.
Tool change reduction for multicolor fused filament fabrication through interlayer tool clustering implemented in PrusaSlicer
Authors: Petsiuk Aliaksei , Bloch Brandon , Vogt Derek , Debora Mitch , Pearce Joshua M.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Presently in multicolor fused filament-based three-dimensional (3-D) printing, significant amounts of waste material are produced through nozzle priming and purging each time a change from one color to another occurs. G-code generating slicing software typically changes the material on each layer resulting in wipe towers with greater mass than the target object. The purpose of this study is to provide an alternative fabrication approach based on interlayer tool clustering (ITC) for the first time, which reduces the number of tool changes and is compatible with any commercial 3-D printer without the need for hardware modifications.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors have developed an open-source PrusaSlicer upgrade, compatible with Slic3r-based software, which uses the described algorithm to generate g-code toolpath and print experimental objects. The theoretical time, material and energy savings are calculated and validated to evaluate the proposed fabrication method qualitatively and quantitatively.

Findings

The experimental results show the novel ITC method can significantly increase the efficiency of multimaterial printing, with an average 1.7-fold reduction in material use, and an average 1.4-fold reduction in both time and 3-D printing energy use. In addition, this approach reduces the likelihood of technical failures in the manufacturing of the entire part by reducing the number of tool changes, or material transitions, on average by 2.4 times.

Originality/value

The obtained results support distributed recycling and additive manufacturing, which has both environmental and economic benefits and increasing the number of colors in a 3-D print increases manufacturing savings.
Investigating into casting LMPA (low-melting-point alloy) with 3D-printed mould and inspecting quality using 3D scanning
Authors: Parvanda Rishi , Kala Prateek
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Three-dimensional (3D) casting means using additive manufacturing (AM) techniques to print the mould for casting the cast tool. The printed mould, however, should be checked for its dimensional accuracy. 3D scanning can be used for the same. The purpose of this study is to combine the different AM techniques for 3D casting with 3D scanning to produce parts with close tolerance for preparing electrical discharge machining (EDM) electrodes.

Design/methodology/approach

The four processes, namely, stereolithography, selective laser sintering, fused deposition modelling and vacuum casting, are used to print the casting mould. The mould is designed in two halves, assembled to form a complete mould. The mould is 3D scanned in two stages: before and after using it as a casting mould. The mould's average and maximum dimensional deviations are calculated using 3D-scanned results. The eutectic Sn-Bi alloy is cast in the mould. The surface roughness of the mould and the cast tool are measured.

Findings

The cast tool is selected from the four processes in terms of dimensional accuracy and surface finish. The same is electroplated with copper. The microstructure of the cast tool (low-melting-point alloy) and deposited copper is analysed using a scanning electron microscope. Energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques are used to verify the composition of the cast and coated alloy. The electroplated tool is finally tested on the EDM setup. The material removal rate and tool wear are measured. The performance is compared with a solid copper tool. The free-form customised EDM mould is also prepared, and the profile is cast out. The same is tested on the EDM. Thus, the developed path can be successfully used for rapid tooling applications.

Originality/value

The eutectic composition of Sn-Bi is cast in the 3D-printed mould using different AM techniques combined with 3D scanning quality to check its feasibility as an EDM electrode, which is a novel work and has not been done previously.
Creating space for playfully learning to collaborate across organizational boundaries
Authors: Schruijer Sandra G.L. , Taillieu Tharsi C.B. , Vansina Leopold S. , Curșeu Petru L.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the authors’ action research praxis regarding the development of collaborative relations between organizations that incorporates an element of play. Based on transitional change thinking, the authors use play and simulation, creating a naturalistic setting, and provide spacing for relational dynamics to unfold so as to learn from these.

Design/methodology/approach

The perspective taken in this paper draws on organizational psychology, systems psychodynamics and organization development.

Findings

One workshop is described in detail, namely, “The Yacht Club.”

Originality/value

The rationale for and design of workshops that provide transitional space for experiencing, researching and learning about interorganizational dynamics as a valuable alternative to positivist experimentation are described.
The relationship between self-care management with quality of life at elderly with hypertension in nursing home of Jember
Authors: Kurdi Fahruddin , Putri Maharani Sekar , Susanto Tantut
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the relationship between self-care management and quality of life in elderly hypertensives at the Jember Nursing Home.

Design/methodology/approach

Thirty-five respondents were collected for a cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling. This study used the Hypertension Self-Management Behavior Questionnaire and Quality of Life-Elderly, as well as a questionnaire about individual characteristics. Kendall's Tau-b Test was used to analyze the data obtained from this study.

Findings

The majority of the elderly in the Jember Nursing Home reported having moderate self-care management (46.9%) and moderate quality of life (57.1%). This study found a significant positive correlation between self-care management and quality of life (p-value = 0.001), which was weak and significant (r = 0.282).

Research limitations/implications

This research has limitations on the number of respondents used in this study, because this research was only conducted in one place (one site center). Include the respondent's features more in the past history, and only a few are related to the physical health domain. So that further research can be conducted on more respondents, with a wider coverage of locations and adding some of the characteristics of respondents related to the domain of physical and psychological health.

Practical implications

The role of gerontology in overcoming loneliness in the elderly is to increase health service activities, both primary and secondary, such as monitoring blood pressure, providing consultations and routine examinations for the elderly related to hypertension and being able to control the dietary intake of hypertensive foods in the elderly.

Originality/value

Elderly in nursing homes experience hypertension due to poor self-care management problems, which will have an impact on worsening quality of life conditions.
Pyrin‐associated autoinflammation with neutrophilic dermatosis: A case report
Authors: Bueno‐Molina Rocío C. , Hernández‐Rodríguez Juan‐Carlos , Zulueta‐Dorado Teresa , Pereyra‐Rodriguez Jose‐Juan
Published: July 2024

Pyrin‐associated autoinflammation with neutrophilic dermatosis (PAAND) is a rare, monogenic, autoinflammatory disorder caused by mutations in exon 2 of the MEFV gene. Characterized by neutrophilic dermatosis, recurrent fever, and arthralgia, this syndrome presents a diagnostic challenge due to its low prevalence and varied clinical manifestations. Here, we present the case of a 49‐year‐old Spanish male with severe hidradenitis suppurativa and pyoderma gangrenosum with a heterozygous variant (p.E244K) in the MEFV gene, consistent with PAAND syndrome. This variant has only been documented in one other case with notable similarities. Both patients share Spanish ancestry and present a severe form of hidradenitis suppurativa. Treatment of the disorder presents challenges due to its variable response to standard therapies. Anti‐interleukin‐1 agents, such as anakinra or anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α are the therapeutic approaches supported by the most substantial evidence. Our findings highlight the importance of genetic evaluation of MEFV mutations in individuals with neutrophilic dermatosis and systemic symptoms.
Variants in the L12 linker domain of KRT10 are causal to atypical epidermolytic ichthyosis
Authors: van der Velden J. J. A. J. , van Gisbergen M. W. , Kamps M. A. F. , Janssen R. , Diercks G. F. H. , Steijlen P. M. , van Geel M. , Bolling M. C.
Published: July 2024

Epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI) is a type of congenital ichthyosis, characterized by erythema and blistering at birth followed by hyperkeratosis. EI is caused by pathogenic variants in the genes KRT1 and KRT10, encoding the proteins keratin 1 (KRT1) and keratin 10 (KRT10), respectively, and is primarily transmitted by autosomal‐dominant inheritance, although recessive inheritance caused by nonsense variants in KRT10 is also described. The keratins form a network of intermediate filaments and are a structural component of the cytoskeleton, giving strength and resilience to the skin. We present three cases of mild EI caused by pathogenic KRT10 variations in the L12 linker domain. To our knowledge, this is the first time L12 linker domain pathogenic variants are identified in KRT10 for EI. The aim of this study was to identify gene variants for patients with EI in KRT1 or KRT10. To establish the pathogenicity of the found variations in KRT10, we evaluated all patients and available family members clinically. Genetic analyses were performed using Sanger sequencing. Vectors containing wild‐type or mutated forms of KRT10 were transfected into HaCaT cells and analyzed by high‐resolution confocal microscopy. Genetic analysis of KRT10 identified a heterozygous de novo variant c.910G>A p.(Val304Met) in family 1, a familial heterozygous variant c.911T>C p.(Val304Ala) in family 2, and a familial heterozygous variant c.917T>C p.(Met306Thr) in family 3. All identified missense variants were located in the L12 linker domain of KRT10. In vitro study of aggregate formation of the missense variants in KRT10 only showed a very mild and not quantifiable aggregate formation in the KRT10 network, compared with the wild‐type sequence. We report three different novel missense variants in the L12 linker domain of KRT10 in patients with an atypical, milder form of EI resembling peeling skin syndrome.
Fungal trait‐environment relationships in wood‐inhabiting communities of boreal forest patches
Authors: Dawson Samantha K. , Berglund Håkan , Ovaskainen Otso , Jonsson Bengt G. , Snäll Tord , Ottosson Elisabet , Jönsson Mari
Published: July 2024

Fungal traits can provide a mechanistic understanding of how wood‐inhabiting fungi interact with their environment and how that influences community assembly in deadwood. However, fungal trait exploration is relatively new and almost no studies measure fungal traits in their environment.

In this study we tested species‐ and trait‐environment relationships in reproducing fungal communities inhabiting 571 Norway spruce (Picea abies) logs in 55 isolated forest patches (0.1–9.9 ha) of different naturalness types, located in Northern boreal Sweden. The studied patches were (1) semi‐natural set‐aside patches within highly managed landscapes, or (2) old‐growth natural patches located in an unmanaged landscape. We tested species and trait relationships to deadwood substrate and forest patch variables. We measured mean fruit body size and density for each of the 19 species within communities.

Traits assembled in relation to log decay stage and forest patch naturalness, illustrating the important role of deterministic environmental filtering in shaping reproducing wood‐inhabiting fungal communities. Early decay stage communities had larger, less dense, annual fruiting bodies of half‐resupinate type and were more often white‐rot fungi. Species rich mid‐decay stage communities had mixed trait assemblages with more long lived perennial fruit bodies of intermediate size, and both brown‐ and white‐rot fungi equally represented. Finally, late decay stage communities had smaller, denser and perennial fruit bodies, more often of the brown‐rot type.

The relationships between the studied traits and decay stages were similar in both set‐aside and natural patches. However, set‐aside semi‐natural patches in highly managed landscapes more frequently supported species with smaller, perennial and resupinate fruit bodies compared to natural patches in an unmanaged landscape.

Synthesis. We found that log decay stage was the primary driver of fungal community assembly of species and traits in isolated forest patches. Our results suggest that decay stage filters four reproduction traits (fruit body density, size, lifespan and type) and one resource‐use trait (white or brown rot). Our results highlights, for the first time, that communities with diverse fungal reproductive traits are maintained foremost across all deadwood decay stages under different forest naturalness conditions.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Elastic full waveform inversion for tilted transverse isotropic media: A multi‐step strategy accounting for a symmetry axis tilt angle
Authors: Song Hengli , Liu Yuzhu , Yang Jizhong
Published: July 2024

Transversely isotropic media with a tilted symmetry axis (TTI) exits widely underground due to tectonic movement and mineral orientation. Traditional full waveform inversion (FWI) based on isotropic media or transversely isotropic media with a vertical symmetry axis (VTI) cannot deal with such situations. To address this limitation, TTI–based FWI was developed. However, its practical application faces challenges in estimating the symmetry axis tilt angle . Previous studies have generally assumed that is equal to the strata dip angle, which is incorrect in complex structures such as salt domes and magmatic intrusion zones. Another theoretically robust way to estimate is to treat it as the parameter to be inverted, but there are still some problems unresolved. First, the parameter increases the nonlinearity of the inversion process, and its impact mechanism on inversion is not yet clear. Second, there is severe crosstalk (also known as trade‐off or coupling) between parameters, but the current parameter decoupling technique for TTI–based FWI is not mature. To address the first problem, we assess the interaction between and other parameters by analysing the radiation patterns in the TTI background. Our analysis reveals that is most coupled by S‐wave vertical velocity , and substantially affects anisotropic parameters and . Therefore, we conclude that a good inversion of velocity parameters is a prerequisite for recovering , and only after recovers can and be recovered. This conclusion provides a natural perspective for solving the second problem. We therefore propose a multi‐step and multi‐parameter joint inversion strategy to gradually improve the quality of parameter inversion and weaken their coupling. Numerical experiments demonstrate that our strategy achieves more accurate inversion results compared to previously proposed multi‐parameter inversion strategies. Finally, the application to the field OBN dataset acquired from the South China Sea verifies the practicality of our method.
Research on 3D modelling of induced polarization in polarizability anisotropic media
Authors: Ling Jiaxuan , Deng Wei , Wei Shiwei , Chen Qingrui , He Lihua , Liu Siqin , Li Mengmeng
Published: July 2024

To enhance the 3D numerical simulation of the induced polarization method within anisotropic media, our study employs the 2D Fourier transform technique. This technique is utilized to convert the 3D integral of the abnormal potential from the space domain into a 1D integral in the wave number domain. Subsequently, we apply the shape function integration method, which is founded on quadratic interpolation, to resolve the 1D integral equation effectively. This methodology significantly decreases the necessary computational resources and storage while simultaneously harnessing the high efficiency and accuracy of the 1D shape function integration method, as well as the high efficiency of the fast Fourier transform, optimizing the numerical simulation process of the induced polarization method. We validate the accuracy of our algorithmic approach using an equivalent uniform layered model. Furthermore, by employing the sphere model, we conduct a comparison of computation time with the finite element method, thereby demonstrating high efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Utilizing the OpenMP parallel algorithm, we confirm that the proposed algorithm has a high degree of parallelism. We also analyse the differences in the equivalent apparent resistivity and apparent polarizability for various electrical parameters, using a prismatic model as the basis for our analysis. Our results clearly indicate that the anisotropy of the polarizability exerts substantial influence on the observe data. Consequently, the implications of polarizability anisotropy are deemed critical and not be disregarded in the field detection applications.
Alternative splicing in parallel evolution and the evolutionary potential in sticklebacks
Authors: Luo Man , Hu Juntao
Published: July 2024

Repeatability of adaptation to similar environments provides opportunity to evaluate the predictability of natural selection. While many studies have investigated gene expression differences between populations adapted to contrasting environments, the role of post‐transcriptional processes such as alternative splicing has rarely been evaluated in the context of parallel adaptation.

To address the aforementioned knowledge gap, we reanalysed transcriptomic data from three pairs of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) ecotypes adapted to marine or freshwater environment. First, we identified genes with repeated expression or splicing divergence across ecotype pairs, and compared the genetic architecture and biological processes between parallelly expressed and parallelly spliced loci. Second, we analysed the extent to which parallel adaptation was reflected at gene expression and alternative splicing levels. Finally, we tested how the two axes of transcriptional variation differed in their potential for evolutionary change.

Although both repeated differential splicing and differential expression across ecotype pairs showed tendency for parallel divergence, the degree of parallelism was lower for splicing than expression. Furthermore, parallel divergences in splicing and expression were likely to be associated with distinct cis‐regulatory genetic variants and functionally unique set of genes. Finally, we found that parallelly spliced genes showed higher nucleotide diversity than parallelly expressed genes, indicating splicing is less susceptible to genetic variation erosion during parallel adaptation.

Our results provide novel insight into the role of splicing in parallel adaptation, and underscore the contribution of splicing to the evolutionary potential of wild populations under environmental change.
Integrated policymaking is needed to deliver climate and ecological benefits from solar farms
Authors: Carvalho Fabio , Lee Hing Kin , Blaydes Hollie , Treasure Lucy , Harrison Laura J. , Montag Hannah , Vucic Kristina , Scurlock Jonathan , White Piran C. L. , Sharp Stuart P. , Clarkson Tom , Armstrong Alona
Published: July 2024

Multi‐purpose land use is of great importance for sustainable development, particularly in the context of increasing pressures on land to provide ecosystem services (e.g. food, energy) and support biodiversity.

The recent global increase in land‐take for utility‐scale ground‐mounted solar farms (hereafter referred to as solar farms) to meet Net Zero targets presents an opportunity for enhanced delivery of ecosystem services, especially in temperate ecosystems where solar farm development often results in land use change away from comparatively intensive agricultural land management. Solar farms have long operational lifespans, experience low levels of disturbance during operation and can be managed for ecosystem services beyond low‐carbon electricity generation, including food production and biodiversity conservation.

Here, we briefly synthesise the mechanisms by which solar farm development and operation may impact natural capital and ecosystem services, and provide policy recommendations for policymakers and the solar farm sector.

Solar farms can deliver environmental benefits for hosting ecosystems while minimising negative impacts, with outcomes depending on location, construction techniques, and land management practices. However, the historical misalignment between climate, nature, and land use policies has hindered efforts to simultaneously address the climate and biodiversity crises through land use change for solar farms. For instance, existing public financial incentives in the UK that encourage landowners and developers to manage land for biodiversity largely exclude land with solar farms.

Policy implications: We call for public policymakers to identify appropriate opportunities to amend existing national laws that address climate and biodiversity separately to improve integration of multiple aspects of the climate‐nature‐land use nexus into policymaking by: (1) formulating ecological and socio‐economic indicators and metrics that are appropriate to underpin the development, implementation, and assessment of public policies; (2) adopting a cross‐sectoral and cross‐government approach to form public policies; (3) ensuring solar farms can access public financial incentives that encourage sustainable land use; (4) implementing land use policies that incentivise funding from non‐government sources (e.g. private sector) into nascent nature markets; (5) embedding solar farms in biodiversity‐inclusive spatial planning policies and decision‐making; and (6) building equity and clarity into responsibilities and benefits for all actors involved.