bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Relaxation Therapy in the Management of Depression in Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Shahzadi Javeria , Qazi Wardah Ijaz , Aziz Sania , Naz Mariam , Hanif Sidra , Suleman Hanifa
Published: November 2022

Background: Gestational diabetes becoming a common gestational complication today generation. Data on effectiveness of relaxation therapy and relation of depression to that was not much significant. The study was design to measure the effectiveness of relaxation therapy in management of depression in GDM mothers. Objective: To determine the effects of relaxation therapy for the management of depression in gestational diabetes. Methodology: Current study is a randomized controlled trial including 40 participants who were randomly selected into control and interventional group. Interventional group was treated with Laura Mitchell Relaxation Techniques and breathing exercises once a week and followed for 6 weeks whereas control group was given conventional pharmacotherapy treatment only. Edinburgh Postnatal. Depression Scale (EPDS) has been used to evaluate the depression in both groups at the baseline and after 6 weeks. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS v.21. Paired t-test and independent t-test has been used to interpret the data. Results: Mean age of mothers was 30.97 ±5.17 years. The mean gestational age of mothers was 33.82±3.26 weeks; control group had mean gestational age (GA) 33.60±2.58 weeks and interventional group had mean G.A 34.05±3.88 weeks. The paired t-test value for both groups showed a significant increment i.e. (p <0.05) in reduction of depression that was measured through EPDS, pre-treatment mean value for group control is 16.75 ± 2.6 and post 6 weeks is 10.40 + 2.3 while pre-treatment mean for interventional group is 15.70 + 1.6 and post is 7.70 + 1.4.The independent t-test when applied on post-treatment results, it showed result with P <0.001 which shown significant reduction of pain in interventional group. Conclusion: Relaxation exercises are significant in reducing depression in females with gestational diabetes. Keywords: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), Laura Mitchell Relaxation Techniques, Relaxation Therapy.
Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Rehabilitation of Autistic Child
Authors: Shafiq Muhammad Saad , Obaid Summaiyah , Imtiaz Iqra , Nawaz Sundus , Nadeem Kashaf , Tariq Iqbal , Mirza Farooq
Published: November 2022

Objective: To determine the effect of aerobic exercises on cardiopulmonary endurance among Autistic child of different age groups. Methodology: The study was RCT The sampling technique used was Non-probability convenient technique for selection then randomization was done through lottery method. The sample size of 30 was divided into two groups Group A and Group B. Group A was asked to perform stationary cycling for 5 minutes or as per their schedule of daily activities and Harvard step test. Group B was asked to perform Stationary cycling for 10 minutes with warm-up and cool-down for 5 minutes each before and after exercise. Non parametric test was applied for results. Results : comparison of both groups showed Significant improvement in sBP, dBP, HR post training and stationary cycling speed shown significant improvement on week 5 with P value <0.05. Harvard step test post training showed significant difference with P value <0.05. CARS showed significant improvement post training in Experimental group. Conclusion: In this study it was concluded that stationary cycling and Harvard step test are beneficial in order to manage maladaptive behavior of autism spectrum disorder. Stationary cycling with warm up 5 minutes and cool down 5 minutes protocol and Harvard step test are less demanding exercise protocol to increase cardio-respiratory fitness. There was increase in Lung volume capacities after exercise protocol. Keywords: Autism, CARS, Harvard step test, sBP, dBP
Awareness of Factors Affecting Needle Stick Injuries Among Health Care Workers in the Operation Theatre of a Private Teaching Hospital of Lahore
Authors: Rehman Wajeeh Ur , Maheen Farwa , Ashfaq Mansab , Abbas Muhammad Umar , Fakhr Fakhra , Ahmed Adeel
Published: November 2022

Aim: To determine the knowledge, aptitude and practices of health care workers regarding needle stick injuries Material and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 109 healthcare works, serving in the Operation Theatre of Shalamar Hospital, Lahore participated. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 20. Chi-square test was used for the statistical analyses of the data. P-value of 0.05 or less was considered as significant Results: Among the healthcare professionals 55% were male and 45% were females. Among the subjects majority were doctors (42.2%). Most of the subjects have awareness (61.5%) regarding needles and sharp injuries. Though 45% had experienced needles and sharp injuries, only 18.3% reported the incident of needles and sharp injuries. 37.6% had strongly agreed that using gloves during the handling of needles and sharp objects can reduce the incidence of needles and sharp injuries while 11% disagreed. Similarly 59.6% strongly agreed that the presence of safety boxes at the workplace can reduce the incidence of needles and sharp injuries. Conclusion: By providing knowledge and proper guideline about prevention from needles and sharp injuries by using personal protective equipment, while handling contaminated blood and body fluids needles and sharp objects, can reduce the incidence of needles and sharp injuries. Keywords: Needle-Stick and Sharp Injuries, Operation Theatre, Health care workers
Using Machine Learning to Predict Primary Care and Advance Workforce Research during the Early Stages of the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Review
Authors: Gulfam Khalida , Saleem Kashif
Published: November 2022

Objective: Primary care is the first line of defense during a pandemic. It can assist patients manage at home, reinforce public health messaging, and pinpoint individuals who require hospital treatment. Primary care struggled to quickly adapt in order to safeguard doctors, staff, and patients during the COVID-19 outbreak and maintain patient relationships. We outline the steps primary care has to follow in a pandemic using the existing public health framework for doing so. Study Design: It was a review. The authors' primary care practices and networks' observed experiences are used to guide the recommended activities. During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, efforts were concentrated on encouraging physical separation and urging patients who had a suspected sickness or exposure to self-quarantine. Both testing and contract tracing were not accessible. Place and Duration: It was conducted at services hospital Lahore and duration was 07 months. Telehealth was used to transform in-person treatment into virtual care as the epidemic progressed. By utilizing registries to connect with people who were socially vulnerable, at risk for infection, or had chronic diseases that were not under control, practices maintained contact with their patients. Most individuals with probable COVID-19 were treated by practices at home. Results: Practices are currently getting ready to deal with the direct and indirect effects of the pandemic, including complications from COVID-19 infections, missed treatment for acute issues, insufficient prevention, uncontrolled chronic disease, mental illness, and increased social requirements. Conclusion: Throughout, practices suffered from severe financial strain, firing employees or sometimes shutting down when it was most required. In order to prepare for the upcoming pandemic, primary care must draw lessons from this experience. Primary care cannot be neglected by payers or policymakers in their time of need. Keywords: covid-19, pandemic, primary care, Machine Learning and advance workforce research
Effect of Covid on Gaster Intestinal Tract and its Signs and Symptoms
Authors: Suhail Khan Rana Muhammad , Shahid Muhammad Afham , Akram Shoaib , Riaz Ammara
Published: November 2022

The aim of this descriptive case series was to determine the frequency of various gastrointestinal symptoms of the COVID-19 patients along with the respiratory symptoms. Secondary outcome was to determine the effect of various co-morbid conditions and various sign and symptoms on the length of hospital stay and outcome of disease Material: In this descriptive case series type study, carried out in the COVID ward in the Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, all patients diagnosed with COVID-19 by consultant physician in the out-patient department and ward were included. Written informed consent was taken from all the participants of the study after explaining the primary objective of the study. The study was carried out from 01-07-2019 to 31-12-2019. Primary objective of this study was to determine the various gastrointestinal symptoms of the COVID-19 patients along with the respiratory symptoms Results: Among the 386 patients enrolled in the study, 60% were male and 40% were female. Mean age of the patients was 54.14 SD 16.3 years, with around 71% cases of age above 45 years. Abdominal pain, anosmia and diarrhea were the most common GI complaints. Over all, 26% of the patients of COVID had GI symptoms. Conclusion: GI complaints such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramping have been documented in COVID-19 individuals even in the absence of respiratory problems. As a result, COVID-19 disease must be explored in individuals who have mostly GI complaints.
Effects of Brief Intervention of Behavioural Change on Pain, Mobility, Function, and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Younus Raheel , Akhtar Tazeem , Ahmed Burq Hafiz Syed Ijaz , Sarwar Rabbiya , Kamran Wadha , Jamal Ahmed
Published: November 2022

Background: Exercise is essential for maintaining the flexibility and functionality of the joints in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Additionally, it could ease pain, enhance posture, correct muscular imbalances, facilitate breathing, and generally enhance the quality of life. However, since patient education is poorly structured, patients fail to consider this significant element. Objective: To determine the effects of brief intervention of behavioural change on pain, mobility, function, and quality of life in patients with chronic ankylosing spondylitis Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial with 80 patients in two groups: brief intervention and control. Purpose sampling was used to enrol ankylosing spondylitis patients aged 18 to 60 with stable medical management. Patients with respiratory, cardiac, neurological, pregnancy, or inability to walk unassisted were excluded. All participants provided written informed consent. Cardiorespiratory test duration, physical activity duration per week, flexibility measured by chest expansion, back pain usual, back pain at night, global disease activity, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) and Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQoL) scale. Week 0 before treatment, 6th week end, and 12th week follow-up were assessed. Data was analysed in SPSS 25.0. Results: The results showed that the demographic variables were equally distributed in both groups without a significant association to any group (p value >0.05) except for urban residence where urban residents were having more percentage of ankylosis spondylitis. The results regarding outcome variables post-interventional 8th week showed that Cardiorespiratory test duration 881±(47.23) and 812±(56.89), Flexibility, chest expansion 6.7±(2.75) and 5.2±(2.14), Back pain usual 2.7±(0.79) and 3.4±(1.04), Back pain at night 3.8±(1.78) and 4.4±(1.54), Global disease activity 6.2±(1.97) and 6.7±(2.03), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) 7.4±(1.16) and 7.2±(1.69) and Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQoL) scale 12.6±(1.25) and 15.7±(1.05). while the p value (<0.05) showed significant difference in favour experimental group, brief intervention for all variables. Similarly, the follow up results measured at 16th week were significantly different in favour experimental group, brief intervention for all variables, p value (<0.05 Conclusion: The findings of study concluded that brief intervention-based health improving physical activity was significantly on pain, mobility, function, and quality of life in patients with chronic ankylosing spondylitis. Keywords: Brief Intervention, Physical Activity, Ankylosing Spondylitis, Back Pain, Spinal Mobility
Histopathology of Noncutaneous Small Biopsy Specimens: The Diagnostic Value of Deeper Sections
Authors: Malik Ayesha Imtiaz , Riaz Mariam , Jadoon Sara Ali , Haseeb Abdul
Published: November 2022

Objective: This study aims to determine the incidence of deeper sections and the diagnostic value of these sections in non-cutaneous small biopsy specimens taken at a hospital. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration: DHQ Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad; Jan 2022-Jun 2022. Methods: 76 patients aged 18-48 were presented in this study. Patients admitted to the oral and maxillofacial department who underwent deeper sections were included. After obtaining informed and written consent, complete demographic information was obtained. In all cases, the sites of organs and levels for seep sections were recorded. Categorical variables were assessed using mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentages. Results: Researchers found that majority of the deeper sections, 40 (52.6%) cases were from the cervix, followed by stomach, endometrium, and colorectal. Level 4 was the most commonly performed deeper section among 18 (23.7%) cases. Even though a diagnosis could be made from the first slide, deeper levels were examined in 41 (53.9%) cases to explore other histological characteristics. This was to either increase the reliability of the diagnosis made from the first slide or to confirm that diagnosis. Of these 41 instances, 14 (34.1%) revealed the same histological characteristics in deeper sections, whereas 27 (65.9%) revealed new pathological abnormalities. Conclusion: A definitive diagnosis often has to be based on a deeper section. Therefore, regardless of the lesion size, it is advised that deeper areas be performed on samples that cannot be reliably identified on normal levels. This procedure should be standardized worldwide. Keywords: Deeper Sections, Histopathology, Biopsy, Non-cutaneous
Evaluation of Cholecalciferol Efficacy in the Management of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Khan Hamad Ahmad , Naeem Muhammad , Gandapur Noman Khan , Jameel Fouzia , Gul Jaweria
Published: November 2022

The deficiency of vitamin D is public among hemodialysis (HD) patients and is a key factor in the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). Secondary hyperparathyroidism is currently accomplished by lowering circulating phosphate levels with parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D analogs, and oral binders. The current study aim was to assess the efficacy of cholecalciferol in the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients with concomitant vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency. A total of 53 patients were taken with25 male and 28 female patients. After treating patients with cholecalciferol, serum PTH levels improved significantly, with mean pre-treatment levels of 486.99±191.10, which had decreased to a mean post-treatment level of 301.66±201.08. Serum Vitamin D levels also improved significantly, with mean pre-treatment levels of 10.86±4.98, which increased to a mean post-treatment level of 29.98±17.24. Patients treated with cholecalciferol had no significant change in phosphorous and calcium levels. Keywords: Parathyroid Hormone; Cholecalciferol; Vitamin D; Secondary Hyperparathyroidism; hemodialysis; Pakistan
Comparison of Honey Versus Normal Saline in the Management of Post-Operative Infected Wounds in Pediatric Urology Patients
Authors: Kakakhel Majid Khan , Khan Muhammad Kamran , Ullah Sami , Asif Muhammad , Shaikh Abdullah , . Abdullah
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Honey exhibits a variety of bacteriostatic and bactericidal factors. Due to its variety of antimicrobial and wound healing properties, honey is an effective remedy in wound infections even caused by microorganisms resistant to antibiotics. Nevertheless, there are many known benefits of normal saline soaked gauze dressing as well such as its osmotic properties, cost-effectiveness, and easy availability with no side effects. It is believed that honey as well as normal saline could be used in the management of infected and non-healing wounds and ulcers, pressure wounds, burns, boils, pilonidal sinuses, diabetic and venous ulcers and even malignant wounds with respect to wound size and cleanliness. Purpose of Study: The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of topical honey versus normal saline soaked dressing application in the management of cosmetically improved postoperative infected wounds in pediatric urology patients. Material and Methods: This Randomized Controlled trial was conducted at the Institute of Kidney Diseases (IKD), Hayat Abad Medical Complex (HMC), Peshawar commencing from January 2019 till December 2019 i.e., over a period of one year. Pediatric patients with postoperative wound infections with positive wound cultures were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups. In group A normal saline soaked dressing was applied and in group B honey was applied three times a day each. Results: A sample size of 60 patients was taken with males 35(58.3%) and females 25(41.7%). Mean age was 5 years with standard deviation of 2.15 with minimum age 1 year and maximum age 10 years. The bacteria on wound culture came out to be Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in descending order. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A included 30 patients with normal saline soaked dressing application to the wound while Group B included 30 patients with honey application to the infected wound. Both groups were compared in terms of scar improvement and results were found statistically significant 0.028 in group B (Honey). Conclusion: Honey can be used safely and effectively for the management of postoperative surgical site infections in pediatric urology patients as compared to normal saline soaked dressings. Keywords: Honey, postoperative infected wound, pediatric patients
Prevalence of Depression in Migraine Patients: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study from Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Zia , Awan Inayatullah , Usman Abid , Mahmood Kauser , . Lalchand , Khan Muhammad Firaz
Published: November 2022

Objective: Aim of current study was to determine the frequency of depression in patients with migraine visiting to Neurology outpatient department. Study Design: Cross-sectional Place of study: Data was collected from different tertiary care hospitals of Pakistan, including Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Ghulam Mahar medical college and United medical and Dental College, Karachi, during period from November, 2021 to April, 2022. Methods: Total 425 patients of both genders had age 18-70 years were included in this study. Included patients had migraine and visited outpatient department of Neurology. After obtaining informed written consent detailed demographics of enrolled cases included age, sex, education status and place of living were recorded. Frequency and severity of depression among all cases were assessed. SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: Among 425 patients, 265 (62.4%) were males and 160 (37.6%) patients were females.Mean age of the patients was 29.7±10.50 years with mean BMI 23.7±11.26 kg/m2. 230 (54.1%) were married and 195 (45.9%) were unmarried. There were 215(50.6%) patients educated and 210 (49.4%) cases were non-educated. 180 (42.4%) patients had migraine with aura and 245 (57.6%) patients were without aura. We found that 300 (70.6%) patients had depression among all cases. Among 300 cases of depression, frequency of mild was 75, moderate was 125 and severity of depression was found in 100 cases. Conclusion: We came to the conclusion that since migraine sufferers had a relatively high rate of depression, there may be a connection between migraine and depression. When assessing migraine patients for a favorable prognosis and appropriate illness care, depression shouldn't be disregarded. Keywords: Depression, Migraine, Aura
A Prospective Study on Prevalence of Conginetal Heart Diseases in Children with Down Syndrome
Authors: Bilal Ahmad , Qadir Wahab , Zaman Qamar Uz , Niazi Shagufta , Shaikh Quratulain , Nazir Fahad
Published: November 2022

Background and Aim: Down syndrome (DS) is the most prevalent genetic disorder in humans around the globe. Variations in pattern and risk factors for congenital heart diseases significantly contributes to the increasing morbidity and mortality among Down syndrome children. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of congenital heart diseases among Down syndrome children. Methodology: This prospective study was carried out on 46 Down syndrome children in the Department of Pediatric, Shalamar Hospital Lahore from November 2020 to June 2022. The study protocol was approved by the research and ethical committee. Demographic details, outcomes, and diagnosis on echocardiography were extracted from the proforma and medical record. Data such as date of birth, maternal age, parity, and parental consanguinity were collected. Antenatal history such as obesity, maternal passive smoking, and diabetes confirmed the antenatal infections. Data regarding children including gender, birth weight, maturity, and plurality were considered. For data analysis, SPSS version 25 was used. Results: Of the total 46 Down syndrome children, there were 29 (63%) male and 17 (37%) females. The overall mean age was 3.61±2.3 years with an age range from 0 to 15 years. Majority of the Down syndrome children 32 (69.6%) were under 5 years followed by 9 (19.6%) in 5-10 years and 5 (10.8%) in between 10 and 15 years. The prevalence of congenital heart disease was 26 (56.5%) in Down syndrome children. Of the total 26 Down syndrome children with congenital heart disease, the incidence of cyanotic and acyanotic heart disease were 5 (10.8%) and 21 (45.7%) respectively. Out of 56.5% cases of congenital heart disease, ventricular septal defect (VSD) was the most prevalent congenital heart disease found in 12 (46.2%) cases followed by Atrio-venticular canal defect 7 (26.9%), Tetralogy of fallot 4 (15.4%), and atrial septal defect 3 (11.5%). Conclusion: Our study concluded that the prevalence of congenital heart disease was 56.5% among Down syndrome children. Majority of congenital heart diseases were acyanotic. Male are more susceptible to congenital heart diseases. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) was the most prevalent congenital heart disease. Early diagnosis, referral, and prompt intervention can prevent congenital heart diseases among Down syndrome children. Keywords: Congenital heart diseases, Prevalence, down syndrome children
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Bano Nosheen , Naeem Ayesha , Mubashir Hafsa , Tufail Nazia , Shafiq Sadia , Shaikh Fozia
Published: November 2022

Background: As documented by the histopathology the recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is characterized as two or more miscarriages. The true prevalence of RPL is unknown, but is reported that two percent of women are affected by RPL per annum. A well-known risk factor for recurrent pregnancy losses is the high maternal age. Objective: This study was carried out to determine the risk factors and consequences of recurrent pregnancy loss. Study design: It is a prospective study Place and Duration: Conducted for the duration of one year from August 2021 to July 2022. The patients attended the obstetrician and gynecology department of Khawaja Muhammad Safdar Medical College, Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital Sialkot. Material and Methods: This study was performed on 130 patients, admitted to tertiary care unit within the duration of one year. The written consent was taken from all the patients included in the study. The ethical and review board committee of the hospital approved the study. The women that had less than 2 miscarriages were excluded from the study. Results: The mean age of the mother at the time of admittance to hospital was 34 years and the mean of the miscarriages reported earlier in these patients were 2.9±1.3. The risk factors were found to be linked in most of the patients. The abnormality of the uterus and the thyroid dysfunction were some of the major risk factor in most of the patients with recurrent pregnancy loss. In case of thyroid dysfunction, the hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were studied and the results showed that the hyperthyroidism was present in case of 17% of the patients while hypothyroidism was found in 83% of the cases. Parental karyotype abnormality was also found in 4% of the cases. Conclusion: It was concluded that the patients suffering from recurrent pregnancy loss should underwent through the process of appropriate examination to clarify and conclude the risk factors involved in causing RPL. The protein S and factor XII deficiency may be playing a role in causing RPL, therefore LDA therapy can improve the rate of live birth in these patients. Keywords: recurrent pregnancy loss and protein S deficiency.
Frequency of Destructive Hip Disease Post Intra-Articular Cortecosteroid Hip Injection
Authors: Ali Abbas , Sardar Syed Bakht , Khan Abedullah , Saeed Kamran , Shaikh Mushtaque Ahmed , Rehman Manqoosh Ur
Published: November 2022

Objective: This study aims to quantify the prevalence of destructive hip disease following intra-articular corticosteroid hip injections. Study design: A retrospective study Place and duration of study: Department of Orthopaedic, Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar during the period from January, 2022 to June, 2022. Methods: This study was conducted on two hundred cases of corticosteroid injection treatment. For finding the frequency of destructive hip disease, the radiological imaging was used. Patients were compared with their clinical, paraclinical, and demographic data. Observations of pain, joint mobility, and radiographic evaluation served as the foundation for the recently suggested clinico-radiological diagnostic criteria. The inter- and intraobserver reliability of the radiological grading system was evaluated. For statistical analysis, SPSS-20 was employed.. Results: From the total 200 cases, patients with POH were 80(40%), with RPOH were 20(10%), with femoral head avascular necrosis were 20(10%) and with secondary osteoarthritis of hip were 40(20%), patients went for THA were 90%. There were 30% males and 160% females with mean age of 53.9 ±3.3 and BMI >32. The corticosteroidal injection of 40mg triamcinolone-acetonide with 4 mL 1% lidocaine was placed in 21(77.8%). Conclusion: An elevated chance of quickly degenerative hip disease can result from intra-articular corticosteroid hip injection. Hip injections with intra-articular corticosteroids are probably not as safe as we had believed. Hip injections should only be used when absolutely necessary, and their usage should be reduced. Before administering a large and repeated dose of corticosteroids, the patient should also be warned about the possibility of the condition progressing faster. Keywords: RDHD, intra-articular corticosteroid hip injection, frequency.
Applications of the Dopaminergic System Expressed by Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Authors: Shuaib Ambar , Ahmad Muazzam , Asfandyar Amber , Subhan Zakia , Razaq Abdur , Bangash Sudhair Abbas , Khurram Muhammad , Idrees Aroob , Ullah Zakir
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Dopamine (DA) is essential for the central nervous system (CNS) regulation of neurological, psychological, behavioral, and hormonal processes. Objective: In order to establish the viability of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) as a molecular tool for examining DA dysregulation in neurological diseases, this research sets out to establish current characterization of the DA system in PBL. Methods: This study was carried out at Khyber teaching hospital from Jan 2022 to April 2022. Twenty-three (23) patients suffering with Parkinson's disease (PD) participated in that research (average age 56 years, mean disorder length 28 months). Nine of these participants received treatment with direct dopamine agonist medications, whereas the other 14 patients were drug-naive (levodopa-naive group). Results: Norpramin, a noradrenaline uptake blocker, established its efficacy at dosages numerous times elevated than blockers of dopamine uptake, but the serotonin uptake inhibitor Prozac was inactive. Dopamine transporter immunoreactivity levels varied significantly across groups, according to the ANOVA analysis (KW=27, P=0.001). Conclusion: PBL may function as a biological probe to identify DA transmission disruption in neuropsychiatric illnesses and to track the efficacy of pharmaceutical therapies Keywords: dopamine, dopaminergic system, peripheral blood lymphocytes, neuropsychiatric disorders
Efficacy of Schirmer’s Test I and Tear Break Up-Time (TBUT) test among Patients of Type II Diabetes with Dry Eye
Authors: Sharif Faiza , Akram Syed Nishat , Sharif Hafsa , Khalid Rida , Chughtai Arslan Saleem , Chaudhary Muhammad Ajmal
Published: November 2022

Objective: To determine the efficacy of Schirmer’s I test and TBUT test in dry eye changes in type II diabetic patients. Subjects& Methods: In these prospective study 58 (116 eyes) dry eye patients with diabetesmellitus type II patients with minimum duration of 5 year, with BCVA of 6/12 to 6/6. After baseline examination, TBUT Test and Schirmer’s Test I were performed to measure dry eye changes occurred due to DM type II.As the data was not normally distributed therefore Wilcoxon sign rank test were applied using p-value ≤0.05 as significant. Results:In the current study on average duration of diabetes was 5.90±1.17 (Range 5-9)years. 30(50.8%) had 5 years history of diabetes, 15(25.4%) had 6years, 7(11.9%) has 7years, 4(6.8%) had 8years and 3(5.1%) had 9 years history of diabetes. Schirmer's Test I Ocular Dexter (OD) &Oculus Sinister (OS) were 12.90±3.65mm and 12.56±3.23mm. Mean difference was statistically significant (p-value 0.022). Whereas mean TBUT of Ocular Dexter (OD) &Oculus Sinister (OS) were 18.81±6.730 and 19.63±7.083 respectively, the mean difference was not statistically significant (p-value 0.342). Differences between TBUT & Schirmer’s I test of OD and TBUT & Schirmer’s I test of OS were statistically significant (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: This study evaluates that TBUT Test are much significant as compared to Schirmer’s test because they have so much difference in their Mean ± Std. Deviation. Keywords: TBUT Test, Schirmer’s Test I, Diabetes type II, Dry Eye.
Prevalence of Pneumonia with Congenital Heart Disease in Children at District Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
Authors: Shah Meshkat Ali , Ali Kiramat , Zia Nasir , Jameel Fouzia , Gul Jaweria
Published: November 2022

One of the more severe infections, pneumonia involves an infection of the lungs, more specifically the alveoli. It is a significant issue for public health and the main cause of sickness and mortality in children under five, particularly in underdeveloped nations. The purpose of the current study was to determine the prevalence of pneumonia with congenital heart disease (CHD) in children. In this study, there were 765 children were involved and among them, 245 children were infected with pneumonia. Among total of 360 male and 405 female children, 33.06 and 31.11%, respectively had pneumonia. 1-2 years child had severe pneumonia infection (39.80%) followed by 3-4 years (36.04%), 5-6 years (30.87%), 7-8 years (25.58%), and 9-10 years (19.81%). The highest pneumonia prevalence was seen in 1-2 years of age. Female child were highly infected with pneumonia as compared to male. Heart failure and murmurs were more prevalent in children with CHD. Factors significantly associated with pneumonia included: age below 6 months, lack of exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months, rural residence, severe acute malnutrition, not up-to-date for age immunization status, and exposure to cigarette smoke. Pneumonia was common in youngsters under the age of five. Addressing the associated factors could lower the prevalence of pneumonia because the majority of them are changeable and manageable. Keywords: Pneumonia; Congenital heart disease; Prevalence; Risk factors; Pakistan
The Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate Extract on Dental Erosion an in Vitro Study
Authors: Iftikhar Ayesha , Zafar Shafaq , Khalil Saifullah Khan , Awais Syed Muhammad , Batool Shahida , Shahid Muhammad
Published: November 2022

Objective: To evaluate the antierosive effect of epigallocatechin gallate extract (EGCG) on dental erosion and to compare it with potassium nitrate containing mouthwash. Materials and Methods: This invitro study was conducted in Sardar Begum Dental College and Peshawar dental hospital, Peshawar, KPK. The Scanning electron microscope study was carried out in Centralized Resource Laboratory (CRL), University of Peshawar while Microhardness in University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Peshawar. Total 042 healthy human premolars and impacted third molars were divided into 3 groups: Group I as control (distilled water), Group II was treated with potassium nitrate containing mouthwash while Group III was treated with EGCG. The samples were placed in artificial saliva for six hours. Afterwards teeth were placed in 10ml of the respective test solutions (For each group) for 4 minutes. Samples were kept in commercial beverage for fifteen min with constant stirring at (20-25 °C) afterwards washed with distilled water and then placed in artificial saliva for an hour. The process of erosion was done in four cycles. Finally, the samples were kept in deionized water. The samples were then subjected to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and micro-hardness.Averages were taken for statistical analysis.LSD post hoc (ANOVA) test was done for analysis of the groups. Results: There was detectable difference in the dentinal tubule occlusion and hardness between the three groups. EGCG and Potassium nitrate containing mouthwash yielded better results. Conclusion: It was concluded from the present study that EGCG and potassium nitrate demonstrated antierosive effects. Keywords: Dentin hypersensitivity, Dentinal Tubule, Potassium nitrate, EGCG
Effect of Smartphone Addiction on Academic Performance; Mediation of Self-Regulation and Bedtime Procrastination
Authors: Ghafoor Raja Zohaib , Nawaz Sundus , Zahra Tehreem , Hakeem Tehreem Abdul
Published: November 2022

This study examines the effect of smartphone addiction on the academic performance of medical students with the mediating role of self-regulation and bedtime procrastination. The framework of this study is based on social cognitive theory. Data was collected through an adopted questionnaire from the medical students at different institutes in Pakistan. A survey questionnaire was distributed among 300 students however 260 students participated and returned it. SmartPLS3 was used to analyze the data collected from respondents. Results showed that smartphone addiction is not negatively associated with academic performance. Similarly, smartphone addiction is not inversely associated with self-regulation. Furthermore, results showed a positive relationship between self-regulation and academic performance, a positive relationship between smartphone addiction and bedtime procrastination, and a negative relationship between bedtime procrastination and academic performance. Moreover, bedtime procrastination mediates the association between smartphone addiction and academic performance. Contrary to our expectations, self-regulation did not mediate the association between smartphone addiction and academic performance. Implications of research are discussed. Keywords: Smartphone addiction, Academic performance, Self-regulation, Bedtime procrastination
Hamstring Muscle Tightness and Chronic Low Back Pain an Analytical Study on General Population
Authors: Batool Farwah , Kiran Qurba , Mubashar Humera , Gull Masooma , Batool Amena , Ashraf Sana
Published: November 2022

Background: The low back is a common disorder prevalent in general population having an association with hamstring tightness which needs to be addressed while its prevention or management strategies. The objective was to find if there is any link between CLBP severity and hamstring muscle tightness. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out on 160 patients with persistent LBP, fulfilling the criteria of the study. After ethical approval, data was gathered from Ayesha Sadiqa Hospital Lahore. The low back pain disability index was measured using Oswestry Disability Index and Hamstring tightness was evaluated using clinical Active knee extension test. The data were analysed using SPSS V.23 and Chi square was used to determine association between outcomes. Result: There were 160 participants, among them 114 (71.25%) experiencing hamstring tightness and 46 (28.75%) not having hamstring tightness. Females had a greater prevalence than males. The findings suggest that hamstring tightness affected 61% patients with moderate impairment. There was an association of hamstring tightness with disability Index among the participants at p Value <.01. Conclusion: In subjects with back pain, hamstring tightness has an association with activities of daily life other than sexual preferences, community interactions, and journey. The chronic low back pain has direct association with hamstring muscle tightness in our target population. Keywords: Association, Chronic Low Back Pain, Hamstring Muscle, Tightness
The Frequency and Diagnostic Value of Deeper Sections in Histopathology of Non-Cutaneous Small Biopsy Specimens Obtained from a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Khan Mohibullah , Daud Fatima , Attaullah Najma , Mehwish Shaila , Naeem Nabiha , Llah Inam-U- , Tara Tanveer , Bangash Sudhair Abbas , Ullah Irfan
Published: November 2022

Objective: The purpose of this research is to ascertain the frequency of deeper sections and the diagnostic utility of these sections in non-cutaneous tiny biopsies obtained from a hospital setting. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration: This study was carried out at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Hospital Peshawar, Jan 2022 to April 2022 Methods: In this study, there were a total of 100 patients, ranging in age from 16 to 50 years old. Patients who were hospitalized to the oral and maxillofacial department and who had deeper section procedures were considered for inclusion. Following the acquisition of informed and written consent, complete demographic information was obtained. The locations of organs and the levels at which leaks were found were documented for each and every instance. The mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentages were the metrics that were used to evaluate the categorical variables. All of the data was analysed with SPSS version 22.0. Results: Among the deeper sections, we discovered that cervix cases accounted for 50%, stomach cases accounted for 25%, endometrial cases accounted for 15%, and colorectal cases accounted for 10%. Twenty-six instances 26%, had a deeper section done, with level 4 being the most prevalent. Although in most cases a diagnosis could be determined from the initial slide, in 55 of these cases (55%), further slides were reviewed to look for additional histological features. The goal was to either confirm the diagnosis obtained from the initial slide or raise confidence in that diagnosis. In 55 cases, 39 (70.9%) showed new pathological abnormalities in deeper sections, whereas 16 (29.1%) showed no change in histological features. Conclusion: A more in-depth examination is typically required in order to arrive at a certain diagnosis. Because of this, it is recommended that, regardless of the extent of the lesion, deeper sections be conducted on samples that cannot be consistently detected on ordinary levels, and this approach need to be standardized everywhere in the globe. Keywords: Histopathology, Deeper Sections, Non-cutaneous, Biopsy
Rezension von: Bittel, Christoph, Politisches Leben 1803 bis 1945
Authors: Hörger Markus , Bittel Christoph
Published: November 2022

Christoph Bittel: Calw - Geschichte einer Stadt. Politisches Leben 1803 bis 1945. Große Kreisstadt Calw, Stadtarchiv 2007. 275 S. mit Wahlergebnissen und Auflistung der Abgeordneten
Correcting the QTc and fixing torsade’s, what can’t steroids do!
Authors: Ahmed Yasir , ur Rahman Mustafeez , Rafique Muhammad , Ahmad Sajjad , Mustafa Awan Ghulam
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is the congenital or acquired prolongation of the QT interval on an electrocardiogram (ECG). It is well-known that the QT interval is prolonged in adrenal insufficiency (AI) but rarely prolonged enough to cause Torsade de Pointes (TdP).

Case Report: Here we report a case of TdP and cardiac arrest in a patient with adrenal insufficiency. The patient had a return of spontaneous circulation after a successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Electrocardiograms persistently showed prolonged QT corrected for heart rate (QTc) prior to and at the time of cardiac arrest, some exceeding 600 milliseconds (ms). The QT interval improved significantly upon administration of steroids and the episodes of TdP resolved.

Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of recognizing adrenal insufficiency (AI) as a potentially reversible cause of prolonged QT and TdP.
Desregulamentação e competitividade no setor sucroalcooleiro: estratégias adotadas após os anos 1990
Authors: Vargas Joacyr , Morasco Claudia Maria Napolitano Sanchez , Borges Ana Claudia Giannini , Pimenta Junior Tabajara , Costa Vera Mariza Henriques de Miranda
Published: November 2022

O objetivo principal deste artigo é identificar, por meio de um estudo de caso, as estratégias competitivas, tecnológicas e organizacionais adotadas por uma usina sucroalcooleira localizada no interior do estado de São Paulo, diante dos desafios gerados a partir da desregulamentação do setor sucroalcooleiro brasileiro, ocorrida nos anos 1990. Em um contexto marcado por processos de Fusões e Aquisições (F&A) e de internacionalização do capital, que afetaram corporações, grupos empresariais e empresas familiares, a usina selecionada permaneceu não submetida a tais processos, mantendo-se independente e competitiva, com desempenho destacado no setor.
A gestão da sala de aula do Movimento de Educação de Base (MEB)
Authors: Lopes Luana Pimentel , Chesini Cláudia , Silva Maria Cristina Mesquita da , Brito Renato de Oliveira
Published: November 2022

O processo de alfabetização na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) é um desafio no Brasil. Diante de tal realidade, instituições sociais como o Movimento de Educação de Base (MEB) têm somado esforços para erradicar esta mazela social, a partir de propostas pedagógicas fundamentadas na metodologia de Paulo Freire. Buscando compreender a gestão da sala de aula no âmbito do MEB e seus impactos na garantia do bom êxito da aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita, esta pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, concretizou-se empiricamente por intermédio de observações e entrevistas com educadores e educandos do MEB nas cidades do Paranoá-DF e Sobradinho-DF. A realização deste percurso baseou-se em referenciais teóricos como Freire (1987, 2002), Arroyo (2017), Weinstein e Novodvorsky (2015), dentre outros. Como resultado desta pesquisa, conclui-se que a relação com o educando é de fundamental importância na tentativa de responder às suas necessidades desde a busca do conhecimento e aprendizado, passando pela possibilidade de aprender até a superação da fome.
História e princípios do sistema único de saúde a estratégia à saúde familiar
Authors: Dias Ronnes de Azevedo , Costa José Francisco da Silva , Cardoso Raiane Ribeiro , Ferreira Ronald Margalho , Sena Patrícia do Socorro Ferreira , Silva Carla Lima , Nahum Patrícia da Conceição da Silva , Chaves Emanuele Cordeiro
Published: November 2022

Visando o fortalecimento da ESF, a melhoria da qualidade e a resolubilidade da Atenção Básica, foi criado em 24 de janeiro de 2008, por meio da Portaria GM/MS n. 154, o Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF), que tem como objetivo ampliar a abrangência e o escopo das ações de Atenção Básica (AB), bem como sua eficácia e eficiência. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o trabalho dos Núcleos de Apoio à Saúde da Família no município de Belém – PA através da Autoavaliação para Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade (AMAQ). A pesquisa de caráter bibliográfica procura retratar, todos os requisites necessaries para comprreender o NASF e o SUS no estado do Pará.. Concluiu-se a pesquisa considerando que a implantação de estratégias de saúde que possibilitem o reforço dos pontos positivos e diminuição das limitações referentes ao processo de trabalho nos NASFs se torna fundamental para que sej apossivel para uma melhor estratégia de saúde as familias.
Variáveis contemporâneas para o ensino integrado e formação integral
Authors: Lima Julian da Silva , Figueredo Daiana Colombo , Castanheira Fábio , Araújo Helmo Alan Batista de
Published: November 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em identificar temas contemporâneos para o Ensino Integrado e Formação Integral no Curso Técnico em Agropecuária Integrado ao Ensino Médio do Instituto Federal Catarinense. Para tanto, realizamos uma análise documental, em que, partindo da ideia de Variáveis Contemporâneas e Equação Civilizatória, analisamos as diretrizes dos cursos técnicos do instituto e o projeto pedagógico do curso. Justificamos a escolha das Variáveis Contemporâneas ao utilizar como aporte teórico Bazzo (2016), Galeano (1999), Quijano (2000) e Grosfoguel (2008). Desta forma, constatou-se que educação ambiental, identidades de gênero e questões étnico-raciais, foram as principais variáveis identificadas e que é necessária a constante atualização dos temas contemporâneos nos documentos oficiais, além da reflexão do quanto, na prática, são abordados tais temas na formação dos estudantes.
A tecnologia assistiva como um meio de inclusão digna da pessoa com deficiência no mercado de trabalho
Authors: Sobral Maria Deolinda Cunha , Ferreira Vanessa Rocha
Published: November 2022

Texto que se propõe a analisar o uso da tecnologia assistiva como um importante recurso de inclusão digna da pessoa com deficiência (PcD), no âmbito do mercado de trabalho. Para tanto, utiliza-se o modo exploratório de pesquisa descritivo, com o objetivo de e identificar as dificuldades que as pessoas com deficiência enfrentam, elucidar sobre a ferramenta tecnológica assistiva na maximização de suas funções e refletir acerca de situações que envolvem essas pessoas, no contexto do mercado de trabalho e na sociedade. O problema a ser abordado trata das barreiras atitudinais e arquitetônicas enfrentadas pela PcD, que dificultam a sua inserção no mercado laboral. Por fim, este artigo pretende demonstrar que a Tecnologia Assistiva é o recurso que pode viabilizar o acesso digno da PcD ao mercado de trabalho, pois, sendo o Brasil um Estado Democrático, os direitos sociais e fundamentais devem estar ao seu alcance, de forma que tenham as mesmas oportunidades que os demais, garantindo o exercício de seus direitos.