bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cooperative Learning Web Application for Water Care in Colombia – Manglar: Actor-Network Theory Software Solution
Authors: Feijóo García Pedro Guillermo , Medina Cortés Deiby Fabian , Ramírez Cajiao Maria Catalina , Espinosa Díaz Edier Ernesto
Published: April 2017

One of the major challenges related to water care in Colombia, is to teach and massify good practices along its territory and population, looking forward to promote the preservation of this valuable resource. This paper presents details corresponding to the design, development and implementation of the Web Application Manglar, born within the project Liga del Agua, proposed for cooperative learning towards water care in the department of Cundinamarca, Colombia. The designed Application uses a graph approach, focused on actors and relations, exposing how the participant organizations and communities cooperate, share resources and interact, letting any user to know what has been elaborated and constructed throughout the project Liga del Agua. In this document, we focus on the architecture corresponding to the designed Application, exposing the requirements and functionalities, developed and implemented, looking forward to guarantee a technological scenario for cooperative learning within this context.
The Art of Observation
Authors: Boucher Jr. Michael L.
Published: April 2017

The use of photographs in ethnographic education research is an emerging method that promises to enable scholars to collect deeper, more meaningful data from individuals who may otherwise be silenced. When used to empower participants, photo methodologies can remove what Foucault (1980) described as the analytical “gaze,” allowing for discussions of difficult or taboo subjects like race, sex, gender, and dis/ability (p. 155). This article discusses the development of photo methods in ethnographic education research, contributes practical suggestions as to their use, and provides successful examples where photos have empowered study participants. To do both science and justice in cooperation with one's participants, empowering communities and individuals and collecting trustworthy data are equal goals. Using photos in the reviewed studies achieved positive results for participants and revealed new understandings of communities, culture, and individuals.
Framing and Exposing Community Issues through Video Participatory Research
Authors: Mathews Sarah A. , Lovett Maria K.
Published: April 2017

Video participatory research (VPR) is an emergent methodology that bridges visual methods with the epistemology of participatory research. This approach is motivated by the “crisis of representation” or “reflective turn” (Gubrium & Harper, 2013) that promotes research conducted with or by participants, conceptualizing research as praxis (Lather, 1991). In this manuscript, the authors argue that VPR can be used to explore issues directly impacting individuals involved with adult education and vocational training. Primary investigators work with community co-researchers to document issues in the community, analyze this audio-visual material, and produce and distribute video projects, exposing policy makers and key stakeholders to a community's concerns. When implementing the VPR process research teams account for intentionality of form and content, apply a multi-perspective analysis to the complex layers of data produced by video, and plan for distribution of work on the personal and local level as well as in the public sphere (i.e., at the micro and macro level).
Making a Case for a Blended Approach
Authors: Deaton Cynthia C. M. , Malloy Jacquelynn A.
Published: April 2017

Design-based case studies address research questions that involve instructional innovations within a bounded system. This blend of case study and design-based research provides a systematic approach to examining instructional innovations that are bounded by perspective, context, and time. Design-based case studies provide a framework for engaging in iterative cycles of data collection and analysis that are used to determine how, why, and whether the goals of an instructional innovation have been met. The authors note common concerns surrounding case study and design-based research and how design-based case studies address these concerns by building on the strengths of both approaches.
Materialized View Selection Using Bumble Bee Mating Optimization
Authors: Arun Biri , Kumar T.V. Vijay
Published: April 2017

Decision support systems (DSS) constitute one of the most crucial components of almost every corporation's information system. Data warehouse provides the DSS with massive volumes of quality corporate data for analysis. On account of the volume of corporate data, its processing time of on-line analytical queries is huge (in hours and days). Materialized views have been used to substantially improve query performance. Nevertheless, selecting appropriate sets of materialized views is an NP-Complete problem. In this paper, a new discrete bumble bee mating inspired view selection algorithm (BBMVSA) that selects Top-K views from a multidimensional lattice has been proposed. Experimental results show that BBMVSA was able to select fairly good quality Top-K views incurring a lower TVEC. Materialization of the selected views would improve the overall data analysis of DSS and would facilitate the decision making process.
Mathematical Models in Quality Engineering
Authors: Ifrim Ana Maria
Published: April 2017

The present paper deals with the factors that contribute to assuring the quality of the processes involved in project management. The novelty of the approach consists in the fact that the project management processes are analysed with the help of quality indicators in case of time variance. By studying the numeric variable for the proposed economic phenomenon, a smaller discrete interval is obtained, which accounts for the numeric variable being treated as a continuous variable. The practical application of such an analysis is that a risk management plan can be designed based on the parameters which define the quality of the management process.
Online Advertising
Authors: Behboudi Mehdi , Mokhtari Hamideh
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this chapter is to provide some insights into advertisements on the Iranian websites. Firstly, in publisher side, is the ethic a matter of fact in accepting Internet advertisements to publish? Second, to provide a preliminary insight into the advertising of pleasant and objectionable products, which one is more? Third, what kind of the involvement (rational or emotional) used more to publish Internet advertisements? In pursuing these goals, the content of 649 ads through 205 websites and 751 ads through 138 weblogs was analyzed. Content analysis was used to verify the data. In order to avoid the miscoding of contents, two researchers conducted the analysis and Intercoder reliability used to this goal. The authors found that (1) all 649 analyzed ads in Iranian websites are belonged to ethical ads and no unethical advertisement found at websites, (2) the majority of published advertisements are belonged to “high involvement product with rational appeal”, (3) the “objectionable product ads” at Iranian weblogs (%68) was more “pleasant product ads” (%32). This study by analyzing 1400 advertisements gives managers some insights and solutions regarding to advertising on the Iranian Internet domains. These experimental evidences regarding to ethics, pleasant and objectionable products and the type of involvement in Internet advertising in Iran have attracted little research attention.
Static and Dynamic Comparisons for the Evaluation of Ship Hull Coatings
Authors: Hunsucker Kelli Z. , Hunsucker J. Travis , Gardner Harrison , Swain Geoffrey
Published: April 2017

AbstractStatic immersion tests are commonly used to evaluate the performance of marine coatings prior to use on ship hulls or for other applications. Although these tests provide valuable data, they do not expose the coatings to the hydrodynamic and fouling conditions that
will be present when a ship is underway, thus making it difficult to extrapolate results to ship hull performance. The present study reports data for two commercially available ship hull coatings (one antifouling and one fouling release coating) exposed concurrently to static and dynamic ocean
conditions for 4 months. Coatings that were exposed to static conditions developed macrofouling communities dominated by tubeworms, tunicates, and encrusting bryozoans. The coatings subjected to dynamic conditions were fouled only by biofilms and green macroalgae. The results show a difference
in coating performance depending on immersion environment (static vs. dynamic) as well as coating type. This highlights the importance of utilizing dynamic testing concurrently with static immersion in coating evaluation to better understand how the system will respond to hydrodynamic stresses.
Knowing how a coating performs under various real-world conditions can help drive ship hull management and determine which coating is appropriate for the ship's operational schedule.
The flavor and taste of cereal Chinese vinegars
Authors: Giudici Paolo , Corradini Giuseppe , Bonciani Tommaso , Wu Jiajia , Chen Fusheng , Lemmetti Federico
Published: April 2017

A lexicon for describing Chinese cereal vinegars (CCVs) was developed using trained panels of tasters that defined and referenced 23 significant olfactory descriptors, in concert with taste and trigeminal sensation. The sensory analysis was performed on 27 samples, representative of the five well-known Chinese provinces producing vinegar: Shanxi, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Fujian and Tianjin. Several aromatic descriptors define the sensory lexicon, e.g.: licorice, chocolate, meat broth, toasted, walnut, yogurt, coffee; together with five basic tastes, such as acid, sweet, salty, umami and bitter; and four for trigeminal sensations, astringent, pungent, metallic, and piquant (spicy). This preliminary study will be useful to CCVs producers because this lexicon reliably differentiates and characterizes this kind of vinegar.
A retrospective analysis of the impact of toxicological diagnostics on clinical decision making in cases of acute drug poisoning
Authors: Liisanantti Janne H. , Lehtiniemi Suvi , Ala-Kokko Tero I.
Published: April 2017

The outcome of acute drug poisoning is good. In only a few occasions specific treatments are needed. Toxicological screenings are recommended when acute drug poisoning is suspected. In this retrospective observational study the impact of routine screening on treatment decisions was analyzed. All patients with acute drug poisoning admitted to the emergency department of our university hospital during one year (2013) were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were categorized into two groups: those who received specific therapies due to the poisoning and those who received only symptomatic treatment. Results: There were a total of 318 cases with acute drug poisoning of which 120 led to intensive care treatment. Toxicological screening was performed in 225 cases (70.8%). The screening tests were more often taken from patients who were unconscious (89%) or had altered consciousness (79%) than from patients with normal consciousness (63%, P<0.001). The rate of specific treatment was higher among screened patients compared with patients without screening (18.7 vs 1.1%, P<0.001). However, unexpected screening results were found in 37 of the 225 screened patients out of whom only 6 cases received specific treatment. Most patients with acute drug poisoning were toxicologically screened, but every sixth had an unexpected finding. The rate of patients with unexpected screening result receiving specific treatment was low.
L’ipotiroidismo
Authors: Campanini M. , Grandi M.
Published: April 2017

Introduzione
M. Campanini

Inquadramento ed epidemiologia dell’ipotiroidismo
T.M. Attardo

Ipotiroidismo e autoimmunità
P. Montanari, F. Borghi, L. Finardi

L’ipotiroidismo subclinico
D. Brancato, F. Provenzano

L’ipotiroidismo e la gravidanza
V. Donvito

La terapia con L-tiroxina
M. Grandi, C. Sacchetti, S. Pederzoli
Dairy donkey: an alternative building layout
Authors: Bibbiani Carlo , Biagini Patrizio , Salari Federica , Martini Mina
Published: April 2017

In Italy, donkey dairies are growing in popularity to produce an alternative milk source for human infants. The use of donkey milk is not limited to the paediatric field, being used in geriatric nutrition and in the cosmetic industry. In 2010, the Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, was involved in a project supported by the Tuscany Region Rural Development Fund 2007- 2013 dealing with the creation of a donkey milk productive chain. The project has as its main partner the Bandite di Scarlino, an agro-forestry complex of considerable size. It covers approximately 9000 hectares, which fall in Scarlino, Castiglione della Pescaia, Follonica and Gavorrano municipalities, under Tuscany regional control. The so-called FILAMI project (Filiera Latte Asino Amiatino, acronym of the goal of the project in Italian) had among its goals helping preserve an indigenous breed of donkeys called Amiatina. Salimei (2011) assessed that the presence of the foal during milking does not affect milk ejection in jennies (the female donkey) adapted to the milking procedure, but when foals are not present the milking routine is more manageable for the animals and for optimal milk harvest; in accordance, in the present farming system the jenny has been kept separately from the foal during the milking session. To this purpose, the stable, the milking parlour and the paddocks must be well organised with a proper milking routine. Milking facilities must be designed for the milk treatment and storage at low temperature or for freezing. Currently, the milk undergoes a pasteurisation cycle for human consumption, or directed to the cosmetic industry. Moreover, the milking facilities should fulfil the creation of a milk collection centre in order to play an important role between the dairy donkey farms and the dairy industry. In this paper, the technical and technological aspects of the donkey stable, paddocks, milking parlour, mobile milking unit, and processing plants have been described and the main issues addressed.
The predominance of codon 39 (c>t) mutation of HBB gene in a portion of the Algerian population (Northeast Algeria)
Authors: Kamilia Belhadi , Mouloud Yahia , Moez Gribaa , Fadhila Bendaoud , Ilhem Ben Charfeddine , Wiem Manoubi
Published: April 2017

This study was planned to determine the frequency of β-thalassemia mutations in Batna region (Northeast Algeria). Nineteen blood samples of clinically thalassemic children patients were collected from Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Batna. We carried out the molecular genetics of beta globin gene by the method of minisequencing using Snapshot™ kit (Applied Biosystems) in search of the four most common HBB genetic variants including three β-thalassemia mutations: codon 39(C>T) (HBB: c.118C>T), IVSI-110(G>A) (HBB: c.93-21G>A), and IVSI-1-2(T>G) (HBB: c.92+2T>G), as well as the hemoglobin S variant (HBB: c.20A>T). We used direct DNA sequencing to detect the rare mutations of beta-globin gene. We have revealed the presence of four different β-globin gene mutations responsible for β-thalassemia in Batna region. According to our results, the nonsense mutation at codon 39 (C>T) is the most frequent mutation type in our province, the same as other geographical regions of Algeria. It is followed by codon 54(-T), detected in a second Algerian family (the proband was homozygote), and the first association of Hb Knossos: codon 27 (G>T) allele with codon 39 (C>T) in the Algerian population. Here we reportws also the association of codon 39(C>T) with IVS-I-110 (G>A). Our preliminary results show the predominance of codon 39 (c>t) mutation of HBB gene in Batna region.
Reliability, validity and psychometric properties of the Greek translation of the posttraumatic stress disorder scale
Authors: Kontoangelos Konstantinos , Tsiori Sofia , Poulakou Garyfalia , Protopapas Konstantinos , Katsarolis Ioannis , Sakka Vissaria , Kavatha Dimitra , Papadopoulos Antonios , Antoniadou Anastasia , Papageorgiou Charalambos C.
Published: April 2017

The Greek version of the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS) was developed to respond to the need of Greek-speaking individuals. The translated questionnaire was administered to 128 HIV outpatients (aged 37.1±9.1) and 166 control patients (aged 32.4±13.4). In addition to the DTS Greek scale, subjects were assessed with two other scales useful for assessing validity. For each factor analyses two components were extracted, based on Cattell’s scree test. The two components solution accounted for 55.34% of the total variation in case of frequency variables and 61.45% in case of severity variables. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and Guttman split-half coefficient of the DTS scale were 0.93 and 0.88 respectively. The test-retest reliability of the Greek version of DTS scale proved to be satisfactory. Individual items had good intra-class correlation coefficients higher than 0.5, which means that all questions have high levels of external validity. The psychometric strength of interview for posttraumatic stress disorder-Greek version it’s reliable for its future use, particularly for screening subjects with possible diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder.
Quality of life in persons with schizophrenia
Authors: Cernovsky Zack
Published: April 2017

Not available
Introduction to the issue in honor of Sidney Blatt
Authors: Oasi Osmano , Auerbach John
Published: April 2017

Not available.
Об алгебрах Ли с абелевыми централизаторами
Authors: Gorbatsevich Vladimir Vitalyevich
Published: April 2017

В статье изучаются конечномерные вешественные алгебры Ли, для которых
централизаторы всех ненулевых элементов абелевы. Такие алгебры Ли
характеризуются также условием транзитивности отношения коммутирования
двух ненулевых элементов. Дается полное описание таких алгебр Ли
с точностью до изоморфизма. Рассмотрены некоторые результаты, касающиеся
связи указанных алгебр Ли и алгебр Ли векторных полей, орбиты которых
одномерны.
Библиография: 6 названий.
Перечисление помеченных геодезических графов с малым цикломатическим числом
Authors: Voblyi Vitalii Antonievich
Published: April 2017

Получены явные формулы для числа помеченных геодезических
бициклических, трициклических и тетрациклических графов
с заданным числом вершин.
Библиография: 13 названий.
Materialidad y espacio
Authors: Lelli Gabriele
Published: April 2017

El espacio es el protagonista de la arquitectura de Kazunori Fujimoto. En términos de su esencia, el espacio está arraigado a la profunda e intensa espiritualidad japonesa que tanto atrae a los arquitectos occidentales y que influye en sus arquitecturas.
Casa en MT. Yataka
Authors: Fujimoto Kazunori
Published: April 2017

Arquitectos / Architects: Kazunori Fujimoto Architect & Associates. Kazunori Fujimoto · Localización / Location: Kurashiki, Okayama, Japón · Redacción de proyecto / Project Planning: 2002 · Período de construcción / Construction term: 2003 · Superficie de la parcela / Site area: 1443.53m2 · Superficie del edificio / Building area: 108.16m2 · Ocupación en planta / Total floor area: 100.44m2 · Ingeniero estructural / Structural engineer: Ike Structural Consultants · Dirección de obra / Construction Team: Chugoku Kensetsu Kogyo Co., Ltd. · Fotografía / Photography: Kazunori Fujimoto, Kaori Ichikawa
Casa en Ushita Naka
Authors: Fujimoto Kazunori , Hogaki Tomoyasu
Published: April 2017

Arquitectos / Architects: Kazunori Fujimoto Architect & Associates. Kazunori Fujimoto (principal responsable / principal-in-charge), Tomoyasu Hogaki. · Localización / Location: Higashi-ku, Hiroshima, Japan · Redacción de proyecto / Project Planning: 2004 · Período de construcción / Construction term: 2005 · Superficie de la parcela / Site area: 100.1 m2 · Superficie del edificio / Building area: 109.2 m2 · Ocupación en planta / Total floor area: 60 m2 · Ingeniero estructural / Structural engineer: Ike Structural Consultants · Dirección de obra / Construction Team: Alf Co.,Ltd. · Fotografía / Photography: Kazunori Fujimoto
Casa en Akitsu
Authors: Fujimoto Kazunori , Nahory François
Published: April 2017

Arquitectos / Architects: Kazunori Fujimoto Architect & Associates. Kazunori Fujimoto (principal responsable / principal-in-charge), François Nahory · Localización / Location: Higashi hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan · Redacción de proyecto / Project Planning: 2015 · Período de construcción / Construction term: 2016 · Superficie de la parcela / Site area: 316.95 m2 · Superficie del edificio / Building area: 81.81 m2 · Ocupación en planta / Total floor area: 92.69 m2 · Ingeniero estructural / Structural engineer: Nishi Structural Consultants · Dirección de obra / Construction Team: Nakahara Kensetsu Co.,Ltd. · Fotografía / Photography: Kazunori Fujimoto, Shin-kenchikusha
Mejora en las simulaciones de un modelo hidrogeológico de base física mediante corrección complementaria de sus errores
Authors: Reyes Alcalde Jorge Mauricio
Published: April 2017

Los Modelos hidrogeológicos de Base Física (MBF), como MODFLOW, se utilizan como herramienta de evaluación de recursos hídricos subterráneos considerando que las diferencias producidas entre lo simulado y lo observado (residuos o errores) corresponden a ruido blanco. Sin embargo, en la práctica las simulaciones numéricas presentan normalmente errores no sólo aleatorios sino también sistemáticos. En este trabajo se ha desarrollado un procedimiento numérico para tratar con los errores sistemáticos de los MBF, estudiando su estructura para modelar su comportamiento y corregir los resultados de forma externa y complementaria mediante un esquema denominado Modelo de Corrección Complementaria (MCC). La aplicación del MCC al MBF muestra disminución en las desviaciones locales, mejor distribución de los errores y reducciones en las correlaciones temporales y espaciales de los residuos, con una reducción de un 73% en el RMSN global respecto del MBF original. Esta metodología se observa como una interesante posibilidad de actualizar un MBF evitando el trabajo y los costos de intervenir su estructura interna.
Reincidencia delictiva juvenil en la medida de conciliación víctima infractor
Authors: Villanueva Lidón , García-Gornís Arantxa , Jara Pilar , López Rita
Published: April 2017

El objetivo del presente estudio se centra en comprobar el nivel de eficacia de las conciliaciones, considerada en términos de reincidencia. En él participaron 210 menores infractores, que contaban con distintos tipos de medidas educativas: conciliación víctima-infractor (medida extrajudicial), archivo del expediente, amonestación y prestaciones en beneficio de la comunidad (medidas judiciales). Con una edad que oscilaba entre los 14-18 años, a los menores se les administró el Inventario YLS/CMI. Por su parte, las tasas de reincidencia del menor se evaluaron en cuatro momentos temporales de seguimiento: 6, 12, 18 y 24 meses. Los resultados muestran la ausencia de diferencias en reincidencia de la conciliación frente al resto de medidas, así como la importancia de los períodos temporales de 12 y 24 meses, en los cuales pudo comprobarse el efecto de la interacción de la medida con el nivel de riesgo.
Capital transnacional y gobernanza energética en la Unión Europea. El caso del gas natural
Authors: Moreno Ana
Published: April 2017

El principal objetivo de este artículo es analizar la liberalización del sector del gas natural en Europa. En cuanto a la política energética, no podemos considerar a la Unión Europea o sus Estados Miembro como simples agentes del capital. Sin embargo, otorgarles una autonomía según la cual éstos desarrollan sus propios intereses nos situaría en un escenario en el que se minimiza el papel del capital. Así pues, esta investigación sigue el trabajo de la Escuela de Ámsterdam sobre la formación transnacional de clase. Esta aproximación subraya la necesidad de la clase dominante de ejercer una agencia colectiva para reproducir su dominio y asegurar que éste se articula en políticas concretas.
Seguridad de abastecimiento energético en la Unión Europea en el contexto del conflicto gasista ruso-ucraniano
Authors: Fernández Ana , Rodríguez Laura
Published: April 2017

Este artículo intenta ofrecer una perspectiva general del avance del nivel de seguridad de abastecimiento energético para el gas en los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea (UE) que más compras realizan de este recurso a Rusia. Para ello se ha construido un indicador sintético: el Índice Ponderado de Seguridad Energética, que permite examinar si el grado de dicha seguridad se ha reducido en los últimos años como consecuencia del conflicto gasista ruso-ucraniano acontecido en 2006 y 2009. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que en la mayoría de los países ha sucedido lo contrario.
The sound of potency: An observation study of nurses’ approach to sound in a pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Mellgren Emma , Mattsson Janet
Published: April 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the nurses’ approach to three sources of sound that contribute to high noise levels; alarms, doors that open and conversation.Methods: Methods used derived from a theoretical perspective based on interpretive phenomenology and caring culture. In the pediatric intensive care, the caregivers of the children work in a high-tech environment as they are surrounded by sound from several sources. How caregivers understand and acknowledge how these sounds negatively affect a child’s well-being depends on their individual knowledge and awareness of how children are affected by sound. In most cases, coming into an intensive care unit is a new experience for a child. This causes greater stress, both from the environment itself as well as from sound levels. The method was built on a phenomenological perspective and an interpretive non-participation, semi-structured observations were conducted in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of one of Sweden’s metropolitan regions in the winter of 2014-2015.Results: The results show that noise is an overlooked phenomenon in the pediatric intensive care environment as it has given way to other priorities in the nurse’s work. It is also apparent that this depends on the department’s caring culture as it prioritizes other things, resulting in normalizing high levels of noise as a part of the pediatric intensive care environment.Conclusions: Noise levels are not a priority in the department’s caring culture. High noise levels are permitted unreflectedly and appears to be a token of potency and an accepted part of the health care environment.
The Humeral Implant in Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Keener Jay D. , Chalmers Peter Nissen , Yamaguchi Ken
Published: April 2017

Humeral hemiarthroplasty, anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty, and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty all rely on a prosthetic articular surface fixed to the proximal humerus. Humeral implant designs have changed considerably as a result of improved understanding of proximal humeral anatomy and prosthetic biomechanics. Fixed, monoblock implants have been superseded by modular implants with variable inclination, offset, version, and stem length. Press-fit designs now commonly have surface coatings that allow bony ingrowth. Metaphyseal fixation is often favored over diaphyseal fixation. Both cemented and noncemented fixation continue to be used, and each of these techniques has advantages and disadvantages. Although aseptic loosening rarely requires revision, complications, such as osteolysis, stress shielding, radiolucent lines, and proximal humeral bone loss, can occur. Humeral periprosthetic fractures continue to be a disabling complication and are difficult to manage. Innovations such as short-stemmed implants, stemless implants, and platform stems are currently under clinical investigation.
Cost-minimization Analysis of the Management of Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture
Authors: Truntzer Jeremy N. , Triana Brian , Harris Alex H. S. , Baker Laurence , Chou Loretta , Kamal Robin N.
Published: April 2017

Background:

Outcomes of nonsurgical management of acute Achilles tendon rupture have been demonstrated to be noninferior to those of surgical management. We performed a cost-minimization analysis of surgical and nonsurgical management of acute Achilles tendon rupture.

Methods:

We used a claims database to identify patients who underwent surgical (n = 1,979) and nonsurgical (n = 3,065) management of acute Achilles tendon rupture and compared overall costs of treatment (surgical procedure, follow-up care, physical therapy, and management of complications). Complication rates were also calculated. Patients were followed for 1 year after injury.

Results:

Average treatment costs in the year after initial diagnosis were higher for patients who underwent initial surgical treatment than for patients who underwent nonsurgical treatment ($4,292 for surgical treatment versus $2,432 for nonsurgical treatment;P< 0.001). However, surgical treatment required fewer office visits (4.52 versus 10.98;P< 0.001) and less spending on physical therapy ($595 versus $928;P< 0.001). Rates of rerupture requiring subsequent treatment (2.1% versus 2.4%;P= 0.34) and additional costs ($2,950 versus $2,515;P= 0.34) were not significantly different regardless whether initial treatment was surgical or nonsurgical. In both cohorts, management of complications contributed to approximately 5% of the total cost.

Conclusion:

From the payer’s perspective, the overall costs of nonsurgical management of acute Achilles tendon rupture were significantly lower than the overall costs of surgical management.

Level of Evidence:

III, Economic Decision Analysis
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Sustainable Agriculture Research, Vol. 6, No. 2
Authors: Lee Joan
Published: April 2017

Sustainable Agriculture Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.Sustainable Agriculture Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/reviewer and e-mail the completed application form to sar@ccsenet.org. Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 2Aftab Alam, Vice President Agriculture (R&D), Edenworks Inc. New York, United StatesAhmed Ghannam, University of Strasbourg, FranceAnchal Dass, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), IndiaBed Mani Dahal, Kathmandu University, NepalBernard Palmer Kfuban Yerima, University of Dschang, CameroonBeye Amadou Moustapha, Rice Research Center, Cote d'IvoireDariusz Kulus, University of Technology and Life Sciences, PolandGunnar Bengtsson, SwedenInder Pal Singh, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University (GADVASU), IndiaJoanna Henryks, University of Canberra, AustraliaJose Antonio Alburquerque, Spanish National Research Council (CEBAS-CSIC), SpainJunjie Xu, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, United StatesKatarzyna Panasiewicz, Pozna? University of Life Sciences, Department of Agronomy, PolandManuel Teles Oliveira, University Tras os Montes Alto Douro (UTAD), PortugalMohammad Valipour, Payame Noor University, IranRam Niwas, District Institute of Rural Development, IndiaShengfei Zhou, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United StatesSilviu Beciu, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, RomaniaStefano Marino, University of Molise, ItalyVishwambhar Prasad Sati, Government KRG Post Graduate College, India
La imagen como documento gráfico visual en la enseñanza de la historia en educación primaria en perspectiva comparada. Análisis y propuesta didáctica
Authors: Gámez-Ceruelo Virginia , Sáez Isidora
Published: April 2017

El desarrollo tecnológico del siglo XXI ha ampliado los estímulos visuales e instala la necesidad de promover una alfabetización visual progresiva. Uno de los soportes más usados en aula y con mayor presencia de imágenes son los libros de texto. Así, este artículo pretende: valorar los aprendizajes promovidos en las actividades de los libros de texto que emplean imágenes en Chile y España y, sugerir directrices didácticas para su uso como documento gráfico visual en la enseñanza de las Ciencias Sociales. Se emplearon dos perspectivas metodológicas, la cualitativa y la comparada. Los resultados indican que existe un creciente desarrollo de facultades de aproximación analítica y crítica a las imágenes en Chile, mientras en Cataluña su desarrollo es muy incipiente.
Atmospheric, radiative, and hydrologic effects of future land use and land cover changes: A global and multimodel climate picture
Authors: Quesada Benjamin , Arneth Almut , de Noblet‐Ducoudré Nathalie
Published: April 2017

Land use and land cover changes (LULCC) modulate land surface energy, heat, moisture, and momentum fluxes. Using simulations performed with and without LULCC for five earth system models, averaged over the 2071–2100 period, we quantify the biophysical effects in response to a future realistic LULCC scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway RCP8.5) on 15 climate variables (i.e., atmospheric, radiative, wind, hydrologic variables, and heat fluxes). We find that climate models are able to simulate some robust and strong climate perturbations in response to LULCC. In tropical regions with substantial LULCC, significantly higher skin temperatures, less precipitation and soil moisture, less evaporation and clouds, more incoming radiation and stronger winds, more anticyclonic conditions and subsidence, are simulated in response to future LULCC. In midlatitude and high latitude, LULCC result in autumn cooling and higher tropospheric pressures, while East Asia is drier, warmer, with higher sensible heat flux and lower evaporation. The tropical wind strengthening and weakening of the hydrological cycle are comparable in magnitude to their future regional changes induced by greenhouse gases under RCP8.5, which make LULCC an indispensable forcing to take into account in future climatic assessments. Finally, our study reveals significant indirect atmospheric processes triggered by LULCC, implying substantial changes in incoming radiation, which dominate climatic responses over the direct effects, particularly in boreal regions.
Multimodel precipitation responses to removal of U.S. sulfur dioxide emissions
Authors: Westervelt D. M. , Conley A. J. , Fiore A. M. , Lamarque J.‐F. , Shindell D. , Previdi M. , Faluvegi G. , Correa G. , Horowitz L. W.
Published: April 2017

Emissions of aerosols and their precursors are declining due to policies enacted to protect human health, yet we currently lack a full understanding of the magnitude, spatiotemporal pattern, statistical significance, and physical mechanisms of precipitation responses to aerosol reductions. We quantify the global and regional precipitation responses to U.S. SO2 emission reductions using three fully coupled chemistry‐climate models: Community Earth System Model version 1, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Coupled Model 3, and Goddard Institute for Space Studies ModelE2. We contrast 200 year (or longer) simulations in which anthropogenic U.S. sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions are set to zero with present‐day control simulations to assess the aerosol, cloud, and precipitation response to U.S. SO2 reductions. In all three models, reductions in aerosol optical depth up to 70% and cloud droplet number column concentration up to 60% occur over the eastern U.S. and extend over the Atlantic Ocean. Precipitation responses occur both locally and remotely, with the models consistently showing an increase in most regions considered. We find a northward shift of the tropical rain belt location of up to 0.35° latitude especially near the Sahel, where the rainy season length and intensity are significantly enhanced in two of the three models. This enhancement is the result of greater warming in the Northern versus Southern Hemispheres, which acts to shift the Intertropical Convergence Zone northward, delivering additional wet season rainfall to the Sahel. Two of our three models thus imply a previously unconsidered benefit of continued U.S. SO2 reductions for Sahel precipitation.
Bioinspired Solid Organogel Materials with a Regenerable Sacrificial Alkane Surface Layer
Authors: Wang Yaling , Yao Xi , Wu Shuwang , Li Qunyang , Lv Jianyong , Wang Jianjun , Jiang Lei
Published: April 2017

In nature, lifetime‐long functionalities of land plant leaves rely on the regenerability as well as the solid feature of the epicuticular wax layer. Inspired by the regenerable solid epicuticular wax on land plant leaf surfaces, herein a type of solid organogel material with regenerable sacrificial alkane surface layer is reported. This type of surface material is demonstrated to be of great practical importance for tackling solid deposition, such as anti‐icing, antigraffiti, and antifouling, since the deposited foreign materials can be easily removed together with the alkane surface layer. Significantly, the solid alkane layer does not contaminate nearby surfaces due to its solid nature in both working and stand‐by conditions, which is completely different to liquid‐infused materials.
3D‐Printed Transparent Glass
Authors: Nguyen Du T. , Meyers Cameron , Yee Timothy D. , Dudukovic Nikola A. , Destino Joel F. , Zhu Cheng , Duoss Eric B. , Baumann Theodore F. , Suratwala Tayyab , Smay James E. , Dylla‐Spears Rebecca
Published: April 2017

Silica inks are developed, which may be 3D printed and thermally processed to produce optically transparent glass structures with sub‐millimeter features in forms ranging from scaffolds to monoliths. The inks are composed of silica powder suspended in a liquid and are printed using direct ink writing. The printed structures are then dried and sintered at temperatures well below the silica melting point to form amorphous, solid, transparent glass structures. This technique enables the mold‐free formation of transparent glass structures previously inaccessible using conventional glass fabrication processes.
Chiral Nanostructured CuO Films with Multiple Optical Activities
Authors: Qian Yiwen , Duan Yingying , Che Shunai
Published: April 2017

Chiral semiconductor nanomaterials with optical activity have intrigued magnificent attention due to their potential technological applications, but so far there have been no reports of chiral optically active CuO nanofilms. In this work, a facile chemical method to deposit chiral CuO nanoflowers on an activated quartz substrate is demonstrated. Three levels of chirality in CuO nanofilms are demostrated by structural analysis: tertiary helically arranged “nanopetals” assembled from secondary helically stacking “nanoplates.” Primary twisting chiral nanostructure of the nanoplate is believed to exist after careful examination on circular dichroism optical responses given by the CuO nanofilms. Originated from hierarchical chiralites, the CuO films exhibit both the electron transition absorption‐based optical activity at the characteristic absorption bands and reflection‐based optical activity arising from the long‐range periodic structure at the circular Bragg resonance.
Enhanced Electrocatalysis for Energy‐Efficient Hydrogen Production over CoP Catalyst with Nonelectroactive Zn as a Promoter
Authors: Liu Tingting , Liu Danni , Qu Fengli , Wang Dengxing , Zhang Ling , Ge Ruixiang , Hao Shuai , Ma Yongjun , Du Gu , Asiri Abdullah M. , Chen Liang , Sun Xuping
Published: April 2017

As a non‐toxic species, Zn fulfills a multitude of biological roles, but its promoting effect on electrocatalysis has been rarely explored. Herein, the theoretic predications and experimental investigations that nonelectroactive Zn behaves as an effective promoter for CoP‐catalyzed hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in both acidic and alkaline media is reported. Density function theory calculations reveal that Zn doing leads to more thermal‐neutral hydrogen adsorption free energy and thus enhanced HER activity for CoP catalyst. Electrochemical tests show that a Zn0.08Co0.92P nanowall array on titanium mesh (Zn0.08Co0.92P/TM) needs overpotentials of only 39 and 67 mV to drive a geometrical catalytic current of 10 mA cm‐2 in 0.5 m H2SO4 and 1.0 m KOH, respectively. This Zn0.08Co0.92P/TM is also superior in activity over CoP/TM for urea oxidation reaction (UOR), driving 115 mA cm‐2 at 0.6 V in 1.0 m KOH with 0.5 m urea. The high HER and UOR activity of this bifunctional electrode enables a Zn0.08Co0.92P/TM‐based two‐electrode electrolyzer for energy‐saving hydrogen production, offering 10 mA cm‐2 at a low voltage of 1.38 V with strong long‐term electrochemical stability.
Die Biosynthese der β‐Lacton‐haltigen Proteasominhibitoren Belactosin und Cystargolid
Authors: Wolf Felix , Bauer Judith S. , Bendel Theresa M. , Kulik Andreas , Kalinowski Jörn , Gross Harald , Kaysser Leonard
Published: April 2017

Belactosine und Cystargolide sind von Actinobakterien produzierte Naturstoffe mit proteasominhibitorischen Eigenschaften. Beide weisen ein Peptidrückgrat aus zwei Aminosäuren sowie einen einzigartigen β‐Lacton‐Baustein auf. Hier wird eine detaillierte Untersuchung der Biosynthese der beiden Naturstoffe beschrieben. Die Identifizierung und Analyse der entsprechenden Gencluster weist darauf hin, dass beide Stoffe über seltene Aminosäure‐Ligasen gebildet werden. Fütterungsversuche mit isotopenmarkierten Vorstufen und In‐vitro‐Biochemie zeigen einen bislang unbeschriebenen Mechanismus zur β‐Lacton‐Biosynthese, der sich aus der Leucin‐Bildung ableitet und die Beteiligung eines Isopropylmalat‐Synthase‐ähnlichen Enzyms vorsieht.
The Effect of Surface Site Ensembles on the Activity and Selectivity of Ethanol Electrooxidation by Octahedral PtNiRh Nanoparticles
Authors: Erini Nina , Beermann Vera , Gocyla Martin , Gliech Manuel , Heggen Marc , Dunin‐Borkowski Rafal E. , Strasser Peter
Published: April 2017

Direct ethanol fuel cells are attractive power sources based on a biorenewable, high energy‐density fuel. Their efficiency is limited by the lack of active anode materials which catalyze the breaking of the C−C bond coupled to the 12‐electron oxidation to CO2. We report shape‐controlled PtNiRh octahedral ethanol oxidation electrocatalysts with excellent activity and previously unachieved low onset potentials as low as 0.1 V vs. RHE, while being highly selective to complete oxidation to CO2. Our comprehensive characterization and in situ electrochemical ATR studies suggest that the formation of a ternary surface site ensemble around the octahedral Pt3Ni1Rhx nanoparticles plays a crucial mechanistic role for this behavior.
The Structure of the Elusive Simplest Dipeptide Gly‐Gly
Authors: Cabezas Carlos , Varela Marcelino , Alonso José L.
Published: April 2017

Among the hundreds of peptide compounds for which conformations have been determined by using different spectroscopic techniques, the structure of the simplest dipeptide glycylglycine (Gly‐Gly) is conspicuously absent. Herein, for the first time, solid samples of Gly‐Gly have been vaporized by laser ablation and three different structures have been revealed in a supersonic expansion by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. The intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions that stabilize the observed forms have been established based on the 14N nuclear quadrupole hyperfine structure. We have illustrated how conformer interconversion distorts the equilibrium conformational distribution, giving rise to missing conformers in the conformational landscape.
Partial Reduction and Selective Transfer of Hydrogen Chloride on Catalytic Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Oliver‐Meseguer Judit , Doménech‐Carbó Antonio , Boronat Mercedes , Leyva‐Pérez Antonio , Corma Avelino
Published: April 2017

HCl in solution accepts electron density from Au NPs and partially reduces at room temperature, as occurs with other simple diatomic molecules, such as O2 and H2. The activation can be run catalytically in the presence of alkynes to give exclusively E‐vinyl chlorides, after the regio‐ and stereoselective transfer of HCl. Based also on this method, vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) can be produced in a milder and greener way than current industrial processes.
Reversible Supracolloidal Self‐Assembly of Cobalt Nanoparticles to Hollow Capsids and Their Superstructures
Authors: Nonappa  , Haataja Johannes S. , Timonen Jaakko V. I. , Malola Sami , Engelhardt Peter , Houbenov Nikolay , Lahtinen Manu , Häkkinen Hannu , Ikkala Olli
Published: April 2017

The synthesis and spontaneous, reversible supracolloidal hydrogen bond‐driven self‐assembly of cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) into hollow shell‐like capsids and their directed assembly to higher order superstructures is presented. CoNPs and capsids form in one step upon mixing dicobalt octacarbonyl (Co2CO8) and p‐aminobenzoic acid (pABA) in 1,2‐dichlorobenzene using heating‐up synthesis without additional catalysts or stabilizers. This leads to pABA capped CoNPs (core ca. 5 nm) with a narrow size distribution. They spontaneously assemble into tunable spherical capsids (d≈50–200 nm) with a few‐layered shells, as driven by inter‐nanoparticle hydrogen bonds thus warranting supracolloidal self‐assembly. The capsids can be reversibly disassembled and reassembled by controlling the hydrogen bonds upon heating or solvent exchanges. The superparamagnetic nature of CoNPs allows magnetic‐field‐directed self‐assembly of capsids to capsid chains due to an interplay of induced dipoles and inter‐capsid hydrogen bonds. Finally, self‐assembly on air–water interface furnishes lightweight colloidal framework films.
Comparing grounded theory and topic modeling: Extreme divergence or unlikely convergence?
Authors: Baumer Eric P. S. , Mimno David , Guha Shion , Quan Emily , Gay Geri K.
Published: April 2017

Researchers in information science and related areas have developed various methods for analyzing textual data, such as survey responses. This article describes the application of analysis methods from two distinct fields, one method from interpretive social science and one method from statistical machine learning, to the same survey data. The results show that the two analyses produce some similar and some complementary insights about the phenomenon of interest, in this case, nonuse of social media. We compare both the processes of conducting these analyses and the results they produce to derive insights about each method's unique advantages and drawbacks, as well as the broader roles that these methods play in the respective fields where they are often used. These insights allow us to make more informed decisions about the tradeoffs in choosing different methods for analyzing textual data. Furthermore, this comparison suggests ways that such methods might be combined in novel and compelling ways.
Organizational assessment frameworks for digital preservation: A literature review and mapping
Authors: Maemura Emily , Moles Nathan , Becker Christoph
Published: April 2017

As the field of digital preservation (DP) matures, there is an increasing need to systematically assess an organization's abilities to achieve its digital preservation goals, and a wide variety of assessment tools have been created for this purpose. This article aims to map the landscape of research in this area, evaluate the current maturity of knowledge on this central question in DP and provide direction for future research. To do so, this paper reviews assessment frameworks in digital preservation through a systematic literature search and categorizes the literature by type of research. The analysis shows that publication output around assessment in digital preservation has increased markedly over time, but most existing work focuses on developing new models rather than rigorous evaluation and validation of existing frameworks. Significant gaps are present in the application of robust conceptual foundations and design methods, and in the level of empirical evidence available to enable the evaluation and validation of assessment models. The analysis and comparison with other fields suggest that the design of assessment models in DP should be studied rigorously in both theory and practice, and that the development of future models will benefit from applying existing methods, processes, and principles for model design.