bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anterior‐Posterior Relationships of EEG in Photosensitive Subjects: Coherence and Cross‐Phase‐Spectral Analysis
Authors: Takasaka Yoichiro , Takamatsu Kazuo , Nakagawara Minoru
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Coherence and cross‐phase‐spectral analysis of EEG were applied to photosensitive subjects to investigate the mechanism of the generalization of photo‐induced paroxysms. Coherence values were high between frontal (F) and central (C) in resting records and between F‐C in EEGs revealing harmonic responses, where the coherence values of F‐O (occipital) were also high, and the waves of F preceded those of O. In cases of occipital‐localized 3/6 Hz (poly) spike‐waves, discharges of O preceded those of F. During the stage of generalized paroxysms, discharges were highly cohered between all electrodes. Discharges of F preceded those of O, and appeared to play as a generator. Two conditions with clinical symptoms had higher frequencies ( 12 Hz) and shorter time lags ( 5 msec) than conditions without symptoms.
Pathological Observations in HTLV‐I Associated Myelopathy
Authors: Kobayashi Itsuro , Ota Kohei , Yamamoto Kenji , Murakami Hirohiko , Maruyama Shoichi , Kasajima Takeshi , Masuda Akihiro
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The following are the clinical and autopsy findings in a 63‐year‐old woman with myelopathy associated with the human T‐cell lymphotropic virus Type I (HTLV‐I). HTLV‐I antibody was positive in both the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In the lower thoracic region, demyelination and the loss of axons were accompanied by a proliferation of astrocytes, and gliosis was found in the lateral columns. Perivascular and parenchymal infiltrations of macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells were also observed, but neither viral inclusion bodies nor atypical lymphocytes were found.
A Study of Psychological Aspects of Families Living Together with Senile Dementia
Authors: Fukunishi Isao , Hosokawa Kiyoshi
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Senile dementia is irreversible and runs a relatively chronic course, causing physical emaciation and psychological burden to families who must take care of senile dementia at home. However, there has been no report concerning a psychological study of families with senile dementia. Therefore, the psychological aspects of them were examined. Concerning the results, most caretakers of Alzheimer‐type dementia with markedly associated psychiatric symptoms showed notably neurotic and depressive tendencies. By family parameters, these tendencies were strongly observed in families of caretakers alone. These results suggest that an expansion of local medical care, specifically geared to the home, is required, and more attention needs to be paid to the psychological aspects of caretakers.
The Distribution of Mental Illness Found by DIS (Diagnostic Interview Schedule) among Internal and Orthopedic Patients
Authors: Nishioka Yuji , Nishizono Masahisa , Yamamoto Joe
Published: March 2008

Abstract: In order to understand how psychiatric problems are distributed in general medical departments, we used DIS (Diagnostic Interview Schedule). The subjects are 307 inpatients and outpatients in the Departments in Internal Medicine and Orthopedics of Fukuoka University Hospital, M Hospital and N Hospital. As a result, 53.4% of all the subjects showed some psychiatric problems. These are, in a descending order, tobacco dependence (30.0%), psychosexual dysfunction (14.3%), alcohol abuse/dependence (14.0%), major depressive episode (6.5%), organic brain syndrome (4.9%), obsessive‐compulsive disorder (3.9%), dysthymic disorder (2.3%), panic disorder (2.0%) and others. Also, we discussed comparison between internal patients and neurotic patients who visited psychiatrists complaining of physical symptoms, and the incidence of DIS diagnoses in individual physical diseases.
Neuroendocrinological Effects of L‐Threo‐3, 4‐Dihydroxyphenylserine (DOPS), a Putative Norepinephrine Precursor, on Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Semba Jun'ichi , Nankai Masahiro , Okubo Yoshiro , Kato Masaaki , Matsuura Masato , Takahashi Ryo
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The effect of L‐threo‐3, 4‐dihydroxyphenylserine (DOPS) on plasma Cortisol, prolactin, thyrotropin‐stimulating hormone (TSH) and growth hormone concentrations was studied in nine healthy male volunteers. The drug was administered orally (300 mg or 600 mg DOPS) using a multiple crossover placebo‐controlled study design. Plasma hormone concentrations were measured at 30 minute intervals for 3 hours after dosing. Plasma DOPS peak concentrations were observed between 2 and 3 hours after dosing. DOPS, however, had no effect on plasma hormone concentrations and this may be attributed to the known low brain permeability of DOPS in healthy subjects.
EEG Analysis in Patients with Senile Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Horie Tan , Koshino Yoshifumi , Murata Tetsuhito , Omori Masao , Isaki Kiminori
Published: March 2008

Abstract: An EEG frequency analysis using the wave‐form recognition method was performed in different stages of senile dementia (SD), evaluated according to the Hasegawa Dementia Rating Scale (HDS), and the differences in EEG changes between patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and patients with SD were studied.

We found that the EEG changes in the SD patients correlated with HDS, and that an increase in slow theta (4–5.8 Hz) and a decrease in fast theta (7–7.8 Hz) waves were early changes in the SD patients.

Furthermore, delta and slow theta waves increased mainly in the anterior frontal and temporal areas in the severe SD patients.

The AD patients showed more severe EEG abnormalities than the SD patients and showed severe focal abnormalities in the temporal area.
Effects of Intraventricular Implantation of Crystalline Estradiol Benzoate on the Sleep‐Wakefulness Orcadian Rhythm of Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: Matsushima Michihito , Takeichi Masashi
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The effect of estrogen on the sleep‐wakefulness circadian rhythm was examined in ovariectomized rats. Implantation of crystalline estradiol benzoate (EB) into the third cerebral ventricle reduced the slow wave sleep (SWS) and paradoxical sleep (PS) appearances within the dark period. This result was similar to that obtained by a systemic administration of 20 μg of EB. The inhibition of sleep during the nighttime was more remarkable in PS than in SWS. The reduction of SWS was due to a shorter duration of SWS episodes and the reduction of PS to a fewer number of PS episodes. These results indicate that ovariectomized rats treated with estrogen develop an inability to sustain episodes of SWS and initiate PS episodes.
Magnetoencephalography and Epilepsy Research
Authors: Sato Susumu
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The theory of magnetoencephalography (MEG) and its application to epilepsy research are reviewed briefly. The MEG prediction appears to agree in general with regions where epileptiform discharges are found on the electrocorticogram. MEG appears to have a somewhat better localizing capability than EEG, although MEG may well miss the tangential component of magnetic fields. Thus, the combination of MEG and EEG may be more fruitful than either one alone.
Factors That Preclude the Successful Use of Monopharmacy in the Medical Treatment of Patients with Epilepsy
Authors: Takeda Akio
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A neurologist conducted research efforts for more than 12 years as a step toward the establishment of monotherapy for epilepsy. Of 406 patients with epilepsy, seizures could be controlled for more than one year in 72% and for more than 3 years in 54%. Monotherapy was given to 57% of all the patients with a success rate of 54%. Factors that were found likely to interfere with a reduction in antiepileptic drug therapy to one drug modality included: symptomatic etiology, prolonged duration of illness, low age at onset and secondary generalized epilepsy with a large number of seizures in combination, for generalized epilepsies; symptomatic etiology, prolonged duration of illness, low age at onset, other than occipital lobe origin, complex partial seizure with secondary generalization, temporal lobe epilepsy with associated automatisms, elementary sensorimotor seizure and high frequency of seizures, for partial epilepsies. In addition to these factors relevant to the nature of epilepsies, other factors apparently unrelated to the disease process, e.g., liability of polypharmacy to produce side effects precluding dosage elevation, patient's rejection to reduce drug and the inability of a physician to treat the patient properly for want of information, were also recognized to exist.
Presurgical Evaluation of Epileptic Patients with Subdural Recording and Functional Mapping
Authors: Sato Susumu
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The indications and applications of brain functional mapping with subdurally implanted electrodes are reviewed briefly. The mapping can be performed outside the operating room and is useful for presurgical study of patients who have a complex distribution of epileptiform discharges and for minimizing functional deficits postoperatively. The major disadvantages of the procedure are the inflexibility of the electrode positions and the necessity of a craniotomy to insert and remove the subdural electrodes.
Two Types of EEG Spikes in the Kindled Rabbit Hippocampus
Authors: Kogure Shinichi
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The characteristics of interictal EEG spikes were studied in the rabbit hippocampus. After kindling for 2–4 weeks, rabbits were anesthetized and curarized for acute experiments. There were two types of EEG spikes in the kindled hippocampus; one (B) had its source in the stimulated side, and the other (A) in the contralateral side. In addition, compound EEG spikes (C) were observed that consisted basically of B and A spikes. Intracellular counterparts of A and B spikes were generally a depolarization‐hyperpolari‐zation sequence in the CA1 pyramidal cells. On the other hand, counterparts of the C spikes were initial depolarization with a superposed spike burst followed by relatively shorter lasting hyperpolarization which seemed to indicate an enhancement of excitation during the kindling process.
Special Etiologies in the Classification of Epilepsy–With Special Reference to Brain Malformations
Authors: Tachibana Yasuo
Published: March 2008

Abstract: I analyzed 18 cases of brain malformations detected by autopsy and five cases of lissencephaly diagnosed by CT scan or MRI.

Autopsg Cases

Brain malformations were highly complicated, and many cases showed more than one typeof brain malformation.

Epileptic seizures were observed in 13 of the 18 cases. In most cases, the seizures were characterized by infantile onset, a high incidence of tonic seizures and difficultiesin controlling them.

Patients with Lissencephaly

They all had severely retarded psychomotor development.

Tonic seizures were observed in all the five patients, two of whom had a past hitory of infantile spasms.

The EEG patterns of these patients were varied. It is thought that a relationship exists between the severity of CT or MRI findings and that of EEG findings.
A Case of Schizophrenia with the Multiplication of Other Persons –The Destruction of Ambiguity–
Authors: Nakaya Makoto
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We present a case of schizophrenia with the multiplication of other persons. The delusion in our case may be considered as that of Capgras syndrome but the former is different from the latter in some ways. In the delusion of our case, there occurred the disintegration of mind and body. We considered this disintegration in relation to schizophrenic destruction. We recognize the destruction of ambiguity in schizophrenia. That is, two dimensions that construct ambiguity are broken up and become independent from each other. In the delusion of our case, the ambiguity in the living body was destroyed. This destruction seems to be based on the schizophrenic thought disorder: the cohesion of the concrete and overabstract.
Disturbance of Self‐Evidence and Delusion
Authors: Nakaya Makoto
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Psychopathologically we study the process from the disturbance of self‐evidence to the formation of delusions. When delusions arise on the basis of the disturbance of self‐evidence, this disturbance impairs the way of judgment. We present a case of schizophrenia in which the unlimited questions about grounds make it impossible for the patient to establish the self‐evident as itself and to judge inductively. The formation of delusions is the psychopathological extrication from the impairment of the inductive judgment. In the formation of delusions on the basis of the disturbance of self‐evidence, we can observe the process from the weakening to the substantiation toward the outside of the transcendental organization.
The Assessment of Intelligence Function of Aged Chronic Schizophrenia
Authors: Fukunishi Isao , Okabe Shohei , Nakagawa Takayuki , Hosokawa Kiyoshi
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The evaluation of intelligence function is required for the aged chronic schizophrenic patients under the circumstance such as long‐term hospitalization. However, there have been only a few reports on the degree and quality of intelligence dysfunction in aged chronic schizophrenic patients. In the present study, using Okabe's simplified intelligence evaluation measure and GBS (Gottfries, Brane and Steen) scale, the assessment of intelligence function was examined in aged chronic schizophrenic patients hospitalized for more than 15 years. Concerning the results, in the aged schizophrenic patients, mental functions such as concentration are markedly reduced, but short‐term memory is relatively well maintained. Although nearly half of them are compatible at home or to society, many problems remain to be considered on their return to society.
La Différence Sexuelle Dans le Délire Schizophrénique
Authors: Suzuki Kunifumi , Murakami Yasuhiko , Koide Hiroyuki , Naudin Jean
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The authors compared delusions of male schizophrenics (56 cases) with those of female schizophrenics (41 cases) on the following points: 1) characteristics of objects of delusions, i) existence of the central object, ii) their description on this central object, iii) sex of this central object, 2) existence of the erotic‐heterosexual delusion, 3) existence of the descent delusion, 4) existence of the sexual cenestopathy, and found that both sexes have many more male objects in their delusions than female objects, and that more women than men have delusions about acquaintances, erotic‐heterosexual delusions, and sexual cenestopathy, while more men than women have delusions about distant or abstract objects. Comparing these findings with those of the other authors, the authors discuss them from clinical, psychopathological and psychodynamic perspectives.
Changes in Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenic Patients Two Years Later†
Authors: Ohta Yasuyuki , Nagata Kouji , Yoshitake Kazuyasu , Kawaguchi Satoshi , Tsukasaki Minoru , Yamada Yasushi , Takada Koichi , Uchino Jun , Tominaga Yasunori , Araki Kenichi , Michitsuji Shunichiro , Nakama Ichiro , Nakane Yoshibumi
Published: March 2008

Abstract: This study investigated the course of negative symptoms by examining the psychiatric symptoms of 59 new schizophrenic patients at the first consultation and again two years later using a structured interview–the Present State Examination. An examination of the total score of the nine negative symptoms, included in the “Chronic Schizophrenic Syndrome” by Wing, showed that 27 out of the 59 patients (45.8%) had lower symptom scores two years later than they did at the first consultation (“negative symptom improvement” group), while 20 patients (33.9%) had higher scores two years after the first consultation (“negative symptom deterioration” group). There were 12% more patients in the improvement group than in the deterioration group. No significant differences were observed between the “improvement group” and “deterioration group” in relation to the following factors–subclassification of schizophrenia, mode of onset, age at the first consultation, marital status at the time of onset, academic history, employment status prior to the onset, the history of hospitalization after the onset and maintenance therapy of neuroleptics. In relation to psychiatric symptoms at the first consultation, the patients in the “improvement group” had a variety of symptoms compared to the patients in the “deterioration group,” and the presence of “incoherence of thought,”“delusion of reference” and “special features of depression” was significantly higher in the improvement group than in the deterioration group.
Plasma Serotonergic Activation in Rats during the Course of Experimental Allergic Neuritis
Authors: Shimomura Tokio , Tanaka Hiromichi , Takahashi Kazuro
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The plasma serotonin (5‐HT) levels in Lewis rats were measured during the course of experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) induced by use of purified bovine myelin. The plasma 5‐HT levels in EAN rats were significantly higher than those in control rats 15 days (day 15) and 20 days (day 20) after the inoculation. On day 15 and day 20, the 5‐hydroxytryptophan levels in the EAN rats were higher than those in the control rats. It is suggested that 5‐HT plays a role in the clinical course of EAN.
An Epidemiological Study of Tics
Authors: Nomoto Fumiyuki , Machiyama Yukiteru
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We devised a questionnaire for estimation of each tic, and used a two‐step investigation procedure, first by a parent questionnaire with 1,218 responses and second by a confirmatory telephone interview for 197 positive responses. The average estimated values were 11.3% for boys and 5.2% for girls. The prevalences were–blinking: 4.2%, head‐jerking: 1.6%, shrugging: 1.2%, mouth‐twitching: 0.6%, face‐distortion: 0.5%, mouth‐opening: 0%, throat‐clearing: 2.7%, sniffing: 0.6%, and vocalization: 0.2%. According to the criteria in DSM‐III‐R, 5.1% of 1,218 had TTD, 2.2% had CMVTD, and 0.5% had Tourette disorder.
Psychogeriatric Patients in a General Hospital: Role of Geropsychiatric Consultation*
Authors: Hattori Takao , Taketani Kazuo , Esaki Takashi
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A total of 505 elderly patients aged 65 and over, seen at the Department of Psychiatry of Tosei General Hospital, were investigated retrospectively and classified according to the DSM‐III‐R criteria. The increase in the number of psychogeriatric patients over the last two decades was statistically significant. Organic mental disorders were most frequent (51%), followed by mood disorders (22%), sleep disorders (7%), somatoform disorders (6%), anxiety disorders (5%) and others. A high referral rate (42%) and a high incidence of various concurrent physical disorders (52%) were observed, and the role of geropsychiatric consultation in a general hospital was evaluated and discussed.
Enlargement of the Anterior Horn of the Lateral Ventricle in Schizophrenic Patients: Chronological and Morphometrical Studies
Authors: Shiraishi Hiroyasu , Koizumi Junzo , Ofuku Kojiro , Suzuki Toshihito , Saito Kiichiro , Hori Takabumi , Ikuta Terumi , Kase Koichi , Hori Masashi
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The anterior horn and lateral ventricular sizes of the brain CT were selected for measurement and comparison between 47 schizophrenic patients and 48 neurotic cases, which constituted the control subjects. The ventricular brain ratio (VBR) and the linear ratio (LR 1–6) in multiple age groups were calculated, analyzed and compared using the Student's t test, the two‐way ANOVA and Bonferroni's methods. It was found that the VBR of the anterior horn and modified bicaudate cerebroventricular index of the teenage schizophrenics were significantly greater than those of the teenage controls (p < 0.01) and the ventricular sizes were not associated with the different stages of age except for the cases of the teenage group. These results support the hypothesis of previous investigators that the ventricular enlargement is present early in the course of schizophrenia and provide additional evidence that in teenage schizophrenic patients there is a tendency of the enlargement of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle which may be related with a morphological vulnerability in the prefrontal cortex.
Influence of Indeloxazine Hydrochloride upon Photic Driving Responses Elicited by Flickering Dot Pattern and Red Flicker Stimuli in Elderly Patients
Authors: Takahashi Takeo , Kataoka Kazuyoshi
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We studied the influence of indeloxazine hydrochloride (IH) upon photic driving responses (PDRs) elicited by a 5 Hz flickering dot pattern and red flicker stimuli. Comparisons were made from a total of 22 elderly patients. By oral IH administration, clinical improvement was found in 12 patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis (improved group), whereas it was not observed in 6 patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis, 2 patients with multiinfarct dementia and 2 patients with Alzheimer's disease (unimproved group). Before and after the IH administration, an EEG examination by the above visual stimuli was carried out in each patient; a power spectral analysis of the occipital PDRs elicited by the visual stimuli was then made. The powers of PDRs elicited by the flickering dot pattern stimulation were not significantly different in both groups; those of 10 and 15 Hz PDRs elicited by the red flicker stimulation, however, decreased significantly by the IH administration in the improved group. It was suggested that such an analysis of PDRs elicited by the red flicker stimulation might perhaps be useful as one of the indicators to evaluate the efficacy of IH.
Auditory Brain Stem Response (ABR) in Eating Disorder
Authors: Miyamoto Hiroshi , Ichikawa Tadahiko , Sakuma Kenichi , Shimizu Fumio , Koizumi Junzo
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Auditory brain stem responses were recorded in 10 eating disorder patients and 10 normal control subjects. Absolute latencies, interwave latencies, absolute amplitudes, and amplitude ratios were investigated. A nonsignificant difference was found between the eating disorder group and the normal control group as far as the absolute latencies and interwave latencies were concerned. But the eating disorder patients had significantly smaller amplitude ratios (HI/I, IV‐V/I) and absolute amplitude (V) than did the control subjects. These findings suggest that some dysfunction exists in the region of brain stem. It may be related with the pathophysiology in patients with eating disorder.
Electroencephalographic Changes during and after Water Intoxication*
Authors: Okura Masao , Okada Ken , Nagamine Isao , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Karisha Kenji , Ishimoto Yasuhito , Ikuta Takumi
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A case of water intoxication with remarkable hyponatremia was investigated with a special reference to EEG changes during and after the episode. The patient recovered his EEG as his consciousness disturbance had improved through an intravenous infusion of high osmolality saline, correlating with the serum sodium level. Further, the clinical importance of recording EEG for water intoxication was stressed.
Comparison of Body Temperature Rhythms between Healthy Elderly and Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Nakazawa Yoichi , Nonaka Kensaku , Nishida Naoto , Hayashida Norimasa , Miyahara Yasushi , Kotorii Tatayu , Matsuoka Kiyoe
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The fact that the elderly are usually aware of early sleep onset and early morning awakening shows that the phase of sleep‐wake rhythms in the elderly is more advanced than that in young adults. Since it has been suggested that human sleep onset, morning awakening, sleep period and depth of sleep are highly influenced by body temperature rhythms, rectal temperature rhythms were analyzed in 7 healthy elderly and 7 healthy young adults under the condition with time cue. Although a significant 24‐hour period was found in the rhythms for all subjects, the phase of the rhythms in the elderly was more advanced than in the young adults. Moreover, a significant inverse correlation was observed between age and acrophase time in the elderly.
Abnormalities in Event‐Related Potentials, N100, P200, P300 and Slow Wave in Schizophrenia
Authors: Ogura Chikara , Nageishi Yasuhiro , Matsubayashi Minora , Omura Fumiaki , Kishimoto Akira , Shimokochi Minora
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Event‐related potentials were recorded in 54 schizophrenics and 88 age‐matched controls during a two‐tone discrimination (odd ball) task. All the subjects were free from medication. In the schizophrenics, the mean amplitudes of the N100, P300 and Slow Wave latency ranges were decreased, and the amplitude of the P200 latency range was greater than that for the controls. These reductions and the increase were found both for the ERPs elicited by rare target stimuli and for those elicited by frequent nontarget stimuli. The peak latency of N200 to rare stimuli was more prolonged in the schizophrenics than in the controls. This finding confirms the prolongation of N200 latency that Brecher et al. (1987) found for a different visual stimuli task. Neither the N100 nor P300 latency differed between the two groups.
Clinical Variants of Tardive Dyskinesia in Japan
Authors: Inada Toshiya , Yagi Gohei , Kaijima Kunitoshi , Ohnishi Kimio , Kamisada Mamoru , Rockhold Robin W.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Involuntary movement disorders were investigated in a psychiatric hospital in Japan. The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia was 9.9% and four clinical variants of tardive dyskinesia could be classified. Of the 716 patients, tardive dystonia was identified in 15 cases, tardive akathisia in one, respiratory dyskinesia in two and rabbit syndrome in 17. The existence of tardive forms for acute dystonic reactions and akathisia suggests that any type of acute extrapyramidal symptoms can have a tardive form.
Effect of Haloperidol Dacanoate on the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Kaneko Sunao , Edwards J. Guy , Goldie Ann , Fukushima Yutaka , Sato Tokijiro
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Rapid speed electrocardiograms were recorded in 13 chronic schizophrenic patients before, and at regular intervals during a six‐month trial of haloperidol decanoate. Measurements of conduction intervals in the EEG were carried out blind to patient and to assessment interval. No significant changes in heart rate; PR, QRS on QTc intervals; or T‐wave height were found. Neither was there a significant change in the blood pressure. The findings confirm that haloperidol does not have clinically relevant cardiac effects when given in therapeutic doses to physically healthy individuals.
Changes in Dopamine 2 and Serotonin Receptors in Rat Brain after Long‐Term Verapamil Treatment: Comparison of Verapamil and Lithium
Authors: Baba Shinji , Watanabe Shosuke
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Rat brain S‐HT2 and dopamine2 receptors were assessed following a chronic (3 weeks) administration of verapamil, lithium, and a combination of these two drugs. A significant increase in the number of 5‐HT2 receptors was observed in the frontal cortex after the verapamil treatment, but the lithium and combined treatment had no effect on the densities of either binding sites. These data suggest that one or more of the mechanisms of the antimanic effect of verapamil may be involved in the change in 5‐HT2 binding sites in a manner that is different from that of lithium.
Personality Traits of Patients with Anxiety Neurosis
Authors: Takahashi Tooru , Aizawa Shizuo , Takeuchi Tatsuo , Wetherall William
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A total of 104 psychiatric outpatients diagnosed as anxiety neurosis according to Feighner's Diagnostic Criteria was investigated pre‐ and/or after illness by using a personality trait checklist designed for this study. The seven traits that appeared most frequently in patient clinical records were chosen for a further study: readily concerned; strong sense of responsibility; social; considerate; impatient; dependent; introspective. The investigation revealed that the frequencies of the “social” and “strong sense of responsibility” traits were conspicuously low, while the “dependent” trait was conspicuously high in the after illness trait profile compared to the premorbid profile. As for the premorbid personality traits and recoveries, the poor recovery group showed a relatively low “considerate” trait and a conspicuously high “impatient” trait profile.
Analysis of EEG Changes between the Frontal and Occipital Cortex during Speech
Authors: Wang Gang , Takigawa Morikuni , Matsushita Toshio
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A method of spatiotemporal analysis, using time series analysis techniques to represent activity in multiple brain regions, was applied to the interpretation of EEG information changes between the frontal and occipital areas during speech. This paper proposes and discusses a bidirectional communication model between the frontal and occipital cortices. Entropy analysis was introduced and used to simplify the calculation of transinformation in two dimensions. In this work, transinformation with direction between the frontal and occipital cortices before and during speech was investigated quantitatively for 11 subjects. The dominant information flow in the occipital‐frontal direction was found immediately before speech in the right hemisphere. During speech, the dominant information flow was found in the occipital‐frontal direction in both the right and left hemispheres. These results suggest that the method used in our work is feasible to analyze EEG signals in language processes.
Progressive Systemic Sclerosis with Mental Disorder
Authors: Shiraishi Hiroyasu , Koizumi Junzo , Suzuki Toshihito , Mizukami Katsuyoshi , Tanaka Yoshiro , Sato Toshihiro
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We present a clinical case of a 43‐year‐old female with progressive systemic sclerosis, Basedow's disease, atrial fibrillation and diabetes mellitus. She twice developed exacerbations of a psychotic state. She showed a depressive state followed by a paranoic hallucinatory state and stupor. Electroencephalograms revealed slow abnormal records both in psychotic and remitting periods and 123I IMP SPECT of the brain showed a low blood flow in the psychotic stage. A case of progressive diffuse sclerosis with a paranoic hallucinatory state is rarely reported. As her Basedow's disease had been well controlled, the psychotic symptoms of the present case are regarded as organic hallucinosis and organic delusional disorder due to progressive diffuse sclerosis;
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome with Mental Disorder
Authors: Hori Takafumi , Mizukami Katsuyoshi , Suzuki Toshihito , Sakuma Kenichi , Baba Atsuomi , Tanaka Yoshiro , Shiraishi Hiroyasu , Koizumi Junzo
Published: March 2008

Abstract: This is a case of Ramsay Hunt syndrome with mental disorder. The patient had action myoclonus, grand mal seizure and severe cerebellar ataxia. Schizophrenia‐like symptoms including delusion of persecution and self‐reference, auditory hallucination and incoherence were characteristically observed before the neurological disturbance became manifest. Subsequently, euphoria, disinhibition, moria and mild dementia appeared with neurological symptoms. The possibility of Ramsay Hunt syndrome to accompany organic mental syndromes and the relationship between cerebellar dysfunction and psychiatric symptoms are discussed.
Localization of the mRNAs for Two Dopamine D2 Receptor Isoforms in the Rat Brain
Authors: Fujiwara Yutaka , Sora Ichiro , Tomita Hiroaki , Akiyama Kazufumi , Otsuki Saburo , Yamamura Henry I.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Two molecular forms of the dopamine D., receptor were generated by alternative RNA splicing. To investigate the relative distributions of the two mRNAs encoding the D2 receptor isoforms, D2(415) and D2(444), we performed in situ hybridization histochemistry in the rat brain with the two oligonucleotide probes. An insert probe complementary to an additional fragment of the D, receptor mRNA cloned from the rat brain, and a spanning probe complementary to its contiguous sequence were used. These 48 base probes were 3′‐end labeled with [35S]dATP. The brains were dissected from male SD rats and frozen in dry ice and acetone. Cryostat sections (16 um) were collected on gelatin coated slides and stored at – 20oC. In situ hybridization studies were conducted with a probe concentration of 1 × 10e dpm/100 ^1 of buffer per brain slice at 37oC for 18–20 h in a humid chamber. The slides were washed, dried and exposed to tritium sensitive film for one week. The autoradiograph showed that both mRNA were present at high levels in the corpus striatum, accumbens nucleus and substantia nigra (pars compacta). Identical patterns of labeling were obtained in the rat brain using both the insert and spanning probes, although the optical densities detected with the insert probe were higher than those with the spanning probe in the corpus striatum. This suggests that both D2 receptor mRNAs are expressed similarly in each region of the rat brain and D2(14) expressed dominantly in the corpus striatum.
The Effect of Intracerebroventricular Administration of Somatostatin on Prolactin and TSH Release in Rats
Authors: Kaneda Hiroyuki , Tanimoto Kenji , Shintani Takeshi , Kakigi Tatsuya , Maeda Kiyoshi
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We investigated the effect of intracerebroventrciular (icv) administration of somatostatin (SRIF) on prolactin (PRL) and thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) release in freely moving rats chronically cannulated with en atrial catheter. The plasma PRL levels were significantly elevated following the icv administration of 0.5 ug SRIF. No further increase in PRL following the icv administration of SRIF were found in the rats in the course of repeated intravenous of injection of 5.0 mg/kg sulpiride, a specific D2 receptor antagonist. On the other hand, the injection of 5.0 /ig SRIF resulted in no significant change in the plasma TSH levels. These results suggest that the effect of SRIF on PRL release was exerted through brain D2 receptors.
Cultural Influences on Depression: A New Methodological Approach and Its Results
Authors: Radford Mark H.B.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Transcultural research into psychopatbology has often failed to produce a systematic body of findings concerning the relationship between culture and psychopathology. In this paper an attempt is made to overcome this problem by examining the relationship between culture and depression in terms of a theoretical task. Japanese and Australian depressed patients were given measures of depression and decision making. The relationship between specific variables associated with depression and those associated with decision making was investigated. Results showed that those depression variables which influenced decision making for Japanese patients were different to those for Australian patients. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for psychiatric diagnosis and understanding the relationship between culture and depression.
Types and Characteristics of Short‐Term Course of Depression after Delivery: Using Zung's Self‐Rating Depression Scale
Authors: Tsukasaki Minoru , Ohta Yasuyuki , Oishi Kazuyo , Miyaichi Kazuko , Kato Nachiko
Published: March 2008

Abstract: In order to clarify the prevalence and clinical features of so‐called “maternity blues” and the relationship with depression after delivery, we conducted a prospective study on 220 mothers using the Zung's Self‐Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS) 4–7 days after childbirth and again one month after childbirth. Their physical condition during their pregnancy had been evaluated earlier. As in a previous epidemiological study conducted in Japan, we classified subjects with a ZSDS score of 60 and over as a high scoring group. Eighteen mothers (8.18%) fell into this group (“maternity blues” group) in the one week post‐partum evaluation. Comparing the ZSDS scores one month after childbirth with the earlier scores, in 10 women (4.5%), their scores decreased from 60 and over to below 60 (a “maternity bines” core group), and in 8 women (3.6%), their scores were still over 60 (a prolonged “maternity blues” group). Eleven (5.0%) out of the 202 women whose scores at one week after childbirth were below 60 showed a high score (60 and over) one month after childbirth (a potential depression group). All in, 191 women scored below 60 in both evaluations. Although we could divide the subjects into 4 groups as described above, we could not find any clinical symptoms to distinguish between the 3 groups with “maternity blues” or depression in the evaluation one week after childbirth. However, one finding suggests that these three groups may have different features.
Concordance Rate between Clinical and DIS Diagnoses: A Cross‐Cultural Comparison
Authors: Nishizono Masahisa , Nagamoto Alan , Yamamoto Joe , Nanaka Yukiyasu
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Concordancetes between clinical and DIS‐generated diagnoses were compared using data sets from Fukuoka University in Japan and Neuropsychiatry Hospital at the UCLA. An overall concordance rate of 35% between standard clinical diagnosis and DIS‐Lifetime diagnosis was discovered in both samples. Next, concordance rates were analyzed by diagnostic category, and differential concordance rates among major diagnostic categories were found in both samples. The highest concordance rates were found in anxiety disorders and major depression. The lowest concordance rates were found in dysthymic disorder and schizophrenia. The Fukuoka sample contained more patients with anxiety disorders and major depression, while the UCLA sample has more patients diagnosed as dysthymic disorder and adjustment disorder. Future directions in cross‐cultural psychiatric research are also suggested.
Follow‐Up Study of Camp Marathon Group Psychotherapy for Adolescents with Emotional Disturbances
Authors: Nishimura Ryoji , Tsutsumi Satoshi , Okamura Katsumi , Tsutsumi Tatsuki , Nishizono Masahisa
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Every summer since 1972, the Department of Psychiatry at Fukuoka University has been holding the Camp Marathon Group Psychotherapy (MGP) for adolescents with emotional disturbances. This time we conducted a follow‐up survey on 114 camp attendees from 1978 to 1985. Questionnaires were mailed out and we received 56 replies, that is a response rate of 49.1%. The average observation period of the follow‐up was 4 years. The results were as follows: Thirty‐six cases or 64.3% were making satisfactory progress at the time of the survey. Eight or 14.3% showed no change or showed worsening conditions. Seven or 12.5% cases developed into schizophrenia. Based on these results, we studied roughly what role MGP plays in the therapy of adolescents with emotional disturbances.
Diagnostic Reliability and Significance of Irregular Beta Patterns
Authors: Nagakubo Shoji , Kumagai Naoki , Kameyama Tomomichi , Fukuda Masato , Shirayama Yukihiko , Anzai Nobuo , Niwa Shin‐Ichi
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We designated EEGs with marked and irregular beta waves in basic patterns as “irregular beta patterns” on the basis that these patterns are related with particular symptoms such as dysphoria, irritability and autonomic symptoms and they implicate choice of therapeutic agents. Because of good response to antiepileptic agents in patients with “irregular beta patterns” along with EEG characteristics, we hypothesized that the prevalence of “irregular beta patterns” is higher in epileptics than in other psychiatric patients. In the present study, we tested this hypothesis, investigating actual frequencies of these patterns among different diagnostic categories for all patients whose EEG were recorded in all the first‐visit patients to the Outpatient Clinic, Deparmtent of Neuropsychiatry of the Tokyo University Hospital during one year period of 1986. Before starting this investigation, we checked the interrater reliability for these patterns. Therefore, two studies are reported here. In Study 1, five raters judged 98 EEG recordings blindly (43 epileptics and 55 healthy subjects). As a result, the generalized Kappa of 0.473 was obtained, indicating our agreement level was moderate or fair. This result lends support to our contention that irregular beta patterns are reliably judged. In Study 2, we judged the EEG recordings (137 schizophrenics, 62 affective disorders, 43 epileptics and 55 healthy controls) and calculated the prevalence rate of “irregular beta patterns” among the diagnostic categories. The results show that the prevalence rates of “irregular beta patterns” among psychiatric disorders and normal controls were 13% (18/137) in schizophrenics, 11% (7/62) in affective disorders, 14% (6/43) in epileptics and 4% (2/55) in healthy controls. These rates did not differ significantly among the three disorders. Thus, our hypothesis was not supported. The clinical significance of these patterns is discussed.
Deviate N200 Component of Event‐Related Potentials in Shuchaku‐Seikaku, a Premorbid Personality of Depression
Authors: Ogura Chikara , Nageishi Yasuhiro , Fukao Kozo , Shimoji Yoshie , Hirano Kiyoshi , Hokama Hiroto , Kunimoto Norifumi , Shimokochi Minoru
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Twenty‐one healthy subjects with Shuchaku‐Seikaku (SS), a premorbid personality of depression, and 44 control subjects were tested for event‐related potentials using the auditory odd ball paradigm. A higher percent of the N200 component was evoked by frequent task‐irrelevant stimuli in the Shuchaku‐Seikaku (81.0%) subjects than in the controls (45.5%). The mean amplitudes in the 50–100 ms latency range for task‐relevant rare stimuli were smaller; whereas, the amplitudes in the 100–200 ms range for task‐irrelevant frequent stimuli and the amplitudes in the 200–260 ms range for both stimuli were larger (shifted to negative direction) in the SS subjects than in the controls. The evidence suggests that the fully automatic detection process, which is assumed to be correlated with mismatch negativity, is hypoactivated and that a contrarily controlled or conscious mismatch process, which may be N2b, is hyperactivated in SS.
Event‐Related Potentials in Senile Dementia of Alzheimer's Type, Multiinfarct Dementia and Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Hanafusa Hiroto , Motomura Naoyasu , Fukai Mitsuhiro
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We investigated event‐related potentials (P300) in three types of demented patients. Fourteen patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT), 15 with multiinfarct dementia (MID), 8 with Parkinson's disease with dementia and 29 normal controls participated in this study. We measured the latencies of N100 and P300 at Pz after odd‐ball paradigm stimulation. N100 peaks were within the normal range in all patients. However, P300 peaks were significantly delayed in all demented patients. There were no statistical differences in the mean latencies of P300 in each demented group. P300 latencies were found to be negatively correlated with Hasegawa's dementia scale. These results suggest that regardless of its cause dementia has similar influences on the P300 latency and P300 may be a useful means to assess the degree of dementia.
Surgical Treatment of Epilepsy
Authors: Mukawa Jiro
Published: March 2008

Abstract: These remarks are composed of 3 topics; the first is stereotaxic Forel‐H‐tomy, especially of its long‐term follow‐up results, the second is surgical concept of epileptic focus, and the third is the necessity of interdisciplinary teamwork toward the treatment of epilepsy.
Recent Advances of PET in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Yamamoto Y. Lucas
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Recent advancement of PET studies in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy was reviewed. Changes of receptor plasticity are also examined in the experimental model of temporal lobe epilepsy in rats with unilateral injection of Kainic acid into the basolateral portion of the amygdala. The characteristic changes of receptor function in the specific topographical areas in both hippocampi with and without any morphological changes in these rats were observed. We plan to investigate these changes of receptor plasticity by PET with 11C‐labeled ligands in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy in the near future to obtain a better understanding of the mechanisms of temporal lobe epilepsy.
Secondary Generalization in Kainic Acid‐Induced Focal Seizures in Unanesthetized Cats
Authors: Tanaka Tatsuya , Fujita Tsutomu , Tanaka Shigeya , Araki Takehisa , Yonemasu Yukichi
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Seizure propagation was studied with different seizure models induced by a kainic acid (KA) microinjection in nonanesthetized cats. These seizures were characterized with a focal onset of seizures followed by secondarily generalized seizures. The mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) played an important role when an epileptogenic focus was located in a unilateral amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus or visual cortex. When the focus was located in a unilateral lateral geniculate body, a fast, synchronous and bidirectional propagation was observed in the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) and MRF. Brain stem seizure (generalized tonic seizure) was elicited by the KA injection into MRF. The EEG of generalized seizure was characterized by the propagations of seizure activities of MRF immediately to the bilateral SMC and thalamus. The results suggested that MRF participated actively in the generalization of the KA‐induced seizures.
Propagation of Acute Seizure Activities Observed by Local Cerebral Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Kato Motohiro , Tegoshi Shizuko , Araki Takehisa
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We studied the propagation of acute focal seizure activities in animals by means of the [14C]deoxyglucose method. Seizures were induced unilaterally by injecting penicillin in the neocortical area 4 and area 9 in the monkey, and by injecting kainic acid in the hippocampus of the rat and in the ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus of the cat. The earliest and the most consistent propagation was the one to the target structures of the primary focus, mediated through the “preferential” projection pathways. At a more advanced stage, the propagation to the immediately adjoining brain regions occurred, followed by the secondary propagation to the target structures of the adjoining regions. Propagation to the contralateral homologous structure was not a major one at the early stage unless the structure of the primary focus had its own commissural connections.
Long‐Lasting Enhancement of the Membrane‐Associated Protein Kinase C Activity in the Hippocampal Kindled Rat
Authors: Daigen Akihiro , Akiyama Kazufumi , Itoh Takashi , Kohira Ichiro , Sora Ichiro , Morimoto Kiyoshi , Otsuki Saburo
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We demonstrated that only membrane‐associated protein kinase C (PKC) activity increased in the bilateral hippocampus (HIPP) up to 4 weeks and in the amyg‐dala/pyriform cortex (AM/PC) at 4 weeks after the last kindled seizure. The enhancement of the membrane‐associated PKC activity exceeds the increase in the protein concentration, which was observed in part. The overwhelming increase in the PKC activity should be of significance in the long‐term maintenance of the kindling phenomenon.
A Study on Driving Status in 98 Epileptic Patients with Driving Licences
Authors: Hashimoto Kazuaki , Fukushima Yutaka , Saito Fumio , Wada Kazumaru
Published: March 2008

Abstract: As to the driving status in the period between January 1984 and December 1988, 98 epileptic patients with driving licences were examined, paying regard to their clinical conditions. Sixty‐one (62%) of the patients were seizure‐free for the last five years or more in December 1988. Eighty‐one (83%) were actually driving motor vehicles at the time of this study, and 27 (33%) of the 81 drivers still had fits during the past five years. Nine patients (9%) had caused traffic accidents, but no accident had occurred due to seizures. The type of the nine accidents was as follows: One case of a slight physical injury to the other person, four cases of the driver's own car damage without other material damage, and four of the accidents involving other cars.