bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of Olorunsogo Gas-Fired Power Plant Phase I
Authors: Eko, Michael A.  , Ale, Thomas O.
Published: November 2023

Aim: The aim of this research is to evaluate the performance of the Olorunsogo gas-fired power plant phase 1, examines the reason(s) for not operating at full capacity, and proffers possible solution(s).

Study of the Design: The power plant comprises of eight (8) numbers of 42MW unit gas turbine capable of evacuating 277MW.

Methodology: To obtain electrical parameters from the gas turbine, a mathematical model for pressure using a simple open-cycle gas turbine was developed. The pressure was further converted to energy using principles of kinetic theory of gases. Hence, the efficiency and other performance indicators were calculated.

Results: The study revealed an average operating capacity of 31.28MW. The average efficiency of the power plant in the period under review was 50.88%, as compared to the international standard practice of 65% and above. The average load factor and capacity factor was 11.25% and 11.54% respectively as compared to international standard practice of 50-80%, while the average reliability was 55.79%, as compared to international standard practice of 95%.

Conclusion: The study further reveals that wastage of gas, downtime, and inadequate gas supply are the major factors against the full capacity operation of the power plant. The proffered possible solutions articulated in this study if implemented, will optimize the power plant's full-capacity operation.
Hidden Infrastructures: From ‘Spy‐Hubs’ to Hollow Buildings that Conceal the New Digital
Authors: Fok Wendy W
Published: November 2023

There are many examples of large technological infrastructure insinuating its unsightly or bland but big manifestations in our cities, and clandestinely covering itself in deceitful architectural details and typologies. Architect and academic Wendy W Fok co‐led the collaborative Hidden Infrastuctures project, which reveals these tactics, used by both data and extraction technologies, to illustrate a world of subterfuge where all is not what it seems.
All At Once – From Zoom Fatigue to Immersive Digital Experiences: Why Architecture Must Adapt
Authors: Belitskaja Sasha
Published: November 2023

The constellation of digital techniques, software, visual and haptic prosthetics is growing exponentially by the day. Such innovations allow all manner of choreographed synthesis between the world we see, unaugmented, and the world we experience through our devices. With her practice iheartblob, Sasha Belitskaja makes Surrealist architectonic interventions and installations that straddle the virtual/ actual divide, using the best of both worlds.
Dipicolylamine‐Zn Induced Targeting and Photo‐Eliminating of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Drug‐Resistance Gram‐Positive Bacteria
Authors: Wang Zuokai , Cai Wenlin , Ning Fangrui , Sun Wen , Du Jianjun , Long Saran , Fan Jiangli , Chen Xiaoqiang , Peng Xiaojun
Published: November 2023

The emergence of drug‐resistant bacteria, particularly resistant strains of Gram‐negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, poses a significant threat to public health. Although antibacterial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is a promising strategy for combating drug‐resistant bacteria, actively targeted photosensitizers (PSs) remain unknown. In this study, a PS based on dipicolylamine (DPA), known as WZK‐DPA‐Zn, is designed for the selective identification of P. aeruginosa and drug‐resistant Gram‐positive bacteria. WZK‐DPA‐Zn exploits the synergistic effects of DPA‐Zn2+ coordination and cellular uptake, which could effectively anchor P. aeruginosa within a brief period (10 min) without interference from other Gram‐negative bacteria. Simultaneously, the cationic nature of WZK‐DPA‐Zn enhances its interaction with Gram‐positive bacteria via electrostatic forces. Compared to traditional clinical antibiotics, WZK‐DPA‐Zn shows exceptional antibacterial activity without inducing drug resistance. This effectiveness is achieved using the APDT strategy when irradiated with white light or sunlight. The combination of WZK‐DPA‐Zn with Pluronic‐based thermosensitive hydrogel dressings (WZK‐DPA‐Zn@Gel) effectively eliminates mixed bacterial infections and accelerates wound healing, thereby achieving a synergistic effect where “1+1>2.” In summary, this study proposes a precise strategy employing DPA‐Zn as the targeting moiety of a PS, facilitating the rapid elimination of P. aeruginosa and drug‐resistant Gram‐positive bacteria using APDT.
Copper‐Catalyzed Regioselective 1,4‐Phosphinoylcyanation of 1,3‐Enynes with Diarylphosphine Oxides and TMSCN
Authors: Lv Yunhe , Xie Jinhui , Pu Weiya , Wang Xue , Zhang Huanhuan , Li Xuerui , Liu Yan , Chen Fei , Xu Yunfeng
Published: November 2023

We established a strategy for the copper‐catalyzed three‐component 1,4‐phosphinoylcyanation of 1,3‐enynes with diarylphosphine oxides and trimethylsilyl cyanide. The reaction produced various tetrasubstituted phosphinoyl‐ and cyano‐containing allenes with high functional group compatibilities in good yields under mild reaction conditions. A preliminary reaction mechanism involving the formation of phosphinoyl radicals and their regioselective addition to 1,3‐enynes was also proposed.
Synthesis of Monofluorocyclohexene via Photocatalytic Defluorinative [4+2] Annulation of gem‐Difluoroalkenes with Unactivated Alkenes
Authors: Zhang Guang‐Xu , Li Dong‐Sheng , Xue Fei , Chen An‐Feng , Deng Hong‐Ping
Published: November 2023

Herein, a photocatalytic system for defluorinative [4+2] annulation of gem‐difluoroalkenes with unactivated alkenes is realized. This protocol was compatible with a broad scope of unactivated alkenes, affording the diverse monofluorocyclohexene products in 30–95% yields. Furthermore, the value of this method was demonstrated by the gram‐scale synthesis, late‐stage functionalization and synthesis of various valuable and complex monofluorocyclohexene derivatives.
Cluster analysis and its application in teaching resources of university curriculum: A personalized method
Authors: Zhao Yingying , Zhao Chunxia , Wang Zhe , Min Zehao
Published: November 2023

The current personalized recommendation methods for teaching resources of university courses suffer from poor recommendation effectiveness due to the absence of user tags. To address this issue, a new personalized recommendation method based on cluster analysis is proposed. The proposed method leverages web crawler technology to obtain user tags, followed by processing the tags to remove meaningless terms, normalize word forms, and perform data processing. The processed tags are used to calculate user interest preferences for each tag cluster generated by clustering. Based on this, a user interest model is built, and user similarity is calculated to determine the recommendation score of each resource. The recommended resources are then ranked according to their recommendation score and presented to the target user. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves high accuracy, recall rate, and F1 value for personalized recommendation of teaching resources in colleges and universities. In comparison, the method proposed in this paper has a significantly shorter recommendation time of 10.65 s. Further, the proposed model not only takes less time but also has higher recommendation efficiency when compared with existing personalized recommendation methods.
The power of CEO growing up in poverty: Enabling better corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhang Han , Zhang Fukang
Published: November 2023

Recently, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) has been the subject of extensive research and publication. Researchers have pointed out that corporate ESG performance is not only determined by the demographic and personality characteristics of current executives, but also by early‐life experiences. Recent research has illuminated the influence that early‐life experiences of executives have on corporate social performance. However, there is still a lack of research on how executive poverty experiences affects corporate ESG performance. To fill this void, our study investigates the potential influence of CEOs' childhood poverty experiences on corporate ESG performance, employing the upper echelon theory and imprinting theory. Specifically, we gathered data for publicly traded Chinese companies from 2011 to 2020, and discovered that companies helmed by CEOs who grew up in underprivileged neighborhoods demonstrated superior ESG performance. We also scrutinized the moderating mechanisms that impacted the strength and attenuation of poverty imprinting. Our findings reveal that CEO expected tenure and green investors augment the favorable impact of poverty imprinting on corporate ESG performance, while CEOs who receive higher compensation exhibit a weaker imprint. Our study contributes significantly to the imprinting field and the literature on corporate ESG performance, while also providing valuable insights into strategies that facilitate pro‐social conduct among firms.
Smart innovations for sustainable cities: Insights from a public‐private innovation ecosystem
Authors: Cambra‐Fierro Jesús J. , López‐Pérez Mª. Eugenia , Melero‐Polo Iguacel , Pérez Lourdes , Tejada‐Tejada Macarena
Published: November 2023

Over‐urbanization poses important challenges—both for citizen well‐being and quality of life, and for the sustainability of our planet. Traffic, accidents and pollution are just a few of the problems facing people living in cities. The need arises, then, to foster sustainable urban planning and management using, among other elements, smart solutions. In such a context, we would do well to reflect on effective economic, social, and environmental policies aimed at achieving sustainable cities and high quality of life for urban inhabitants. This article presents the most relevant aspects of the #eCity‐Sevilla project, a successful case of a sustainable public‐private innovation ecosystem. To this end, we take the Quintuple Helix Model as our reference, with a view to identify project stakeholders and better understand their relationships and objectives. Our data derives from secondary sources as well as from a set of in‐depth interviews with key informants. In the final section, the main theoretical and practical implications of our study are discussed.
Microfluidic characterization of single‐cell biophysical properties and the applications in cancer diagnosis
Authors: Li Shan‐Shan , Xue Chun‐Dong , Li Yong‐Jiang , Chen Xiao‐Ming , Zhao Yan , Qin Kai‐Rong
Published: November 2023

Single‐cell biophysical properties play a crucial role in regulating cellular physiological states and functions, demonstrating significant potential in the fields of life sciences and clinical diagnostics. Therefore, over the last few decades, researchers have developed various detection tools to explore the relationship between the biophysical changes of biological cells and human diseases. With the rapid advancement of modern microfabrication technology, microfluidic devices have quickly emerged as a promising platform for single‐cell analysis offering advantages including high‐throughput, exceptional precision, and ease of manipulation. Consequently, this paper provides an overview of the recent advances in microfluidic analysis and detection systems for single‐cell biophysical properties and their applications in the field of cancer. The working principles and latest research progress of single‐cell biophysical property detection are first analyzed, highlighting the significance of electrical and mechanical properties. The development of data acquisition and processing methods for real‐time, high‐throughput, and practical applications are then discussed. Furthermore, the differences in biophysical properties between tumor and normal cells are outlined, illustrating the potential for utilizing single‐cell biophysical properties for tumor cell identification, classification, and drug response assessment. Lastly, we summarize the limitations of existing microfluidic analysis and detection systems in single‐cell biophysical properties, while also pointing out the prospects and future directions of their applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Predictive modelling of brain disorders with magnetic resonance imaging: A systematic review of modelling practices, transparency, and interpretability in the use of convolutional neural networks
Authors: O'Connell Shane , Cannon Dara M. , Broin Pilib Ó.
Published: November 2023

Brain disorders comprise several psychiatric and neurological disorders which can be characterized by impaired cognition, mood alteration, psychosis, depressive episodes, and neurodegeneration. Clinical diagnoses primarily rely on a combination of life history information and questionnaires, with a distinct lack of discriminative biomarkers in use for psychiatric disorders. Symptoms across brain conditions are associated with functional alterations of cognitive and emotional processes, which can correlate with anatomical variation; structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of the brain are therefore an important focus of research, particularly for predictive modelling. With the advent of large MRI data consortia (such as the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative) facilitating a greater number of MRI‐based classification studies, convolutional neural networks (CNNs)—deep learning models well suited to image processing tasks—have become increasingly popular for research into brain conditions. This has resulted in a myriad of studies reporting impressive predictive performances, demonstrating the potential clinical value of deep learning systems. However, methodologies can vary widely across studies, making them difficult to compare and/or reproduce, potentially limiting their clinical application. Here, we conduct a qualitative systematic literature review of 55 studies carrying out CNN‐based predictive modelling of brain disorders using MRI data and evaluate them based on three principles—modelling practices, transparency, and interpretability. We propose several recommendations to enhance the potential for the integration of CNNs into clinical care.
Neurodevelopment of children who are HIV‐exposed and uninfected in Kenya
Authors: Bulterys Michelle A. , Njuguna Irene , King'e Maureen , Chebet Daisy , Moraa Hellen , Gomez Laurén , Onyango Alvin , Malavi Kenneth , Nzia Gladys , Chege Martin , Neary Jillian , Wagner Anjuli D. , Lawley Kendall A. , Wamalwa Dalton , Benki‐Nugent Sarah , John‐Stewart Grace
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Predictors of neurodevelopment among children who are HIV‐exposed uninfected (CHEU) are poorly understood.

Methods

Mothers with and without HIV and their children were enrolled during 6‐week postnatal care visits across seven sites in Kenya between March 2021 and June 2022. Infant neurodevelopment was assessed using the Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool, including social, language, fine motor and gross motor domains. We used multivariate linear mixed effects models to identify associations between 1‐year neurodevelopment scores, HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) exposures, and household factors, adjusted for potential confounders and clustered by the site.

Results

At 1‐year evaluation, CHEU (n = 709) and children who are HIV‐unexposed uninfected (CHUU) (n = 715) had comparable median age (52 weeks) and sex distribution (49% vs. 52% female). Mothers living with HIV were older (31 vs. 27 years), had lower education (50% vs. 26% primary) and were more likely to be report moderate‐to‐severe food insecurity (26% vs. 9%) (p < 0.01 for all). Compared to CHUU, CHEU had higher language scores (adjusted coeff: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.39) and comparable social, fine and gross motor scores. Among all children, preterm birth was associated with lower gross motor scores (adjusted coeff: −1.38, 95% CI: −2.05, −0.71), food insecurity was associated with lower social scores (adjusted coeff: −0.37, 95% CI: −0.73, −0.01) and maternal report of intimate partner violence (IPV) was associated with lower fine motor (adjusted coeff: −0.76, 95% CI: −1.40, −0.13) and gross motor scores (adjusted coeff: −1.07, 95% CI: −1.81, −0.33). Among CHEU, in utero efavirenz (EFV) exposure during pregnancy was associated with lower gross motor scores compared to dolutegravir (DTG) exposure (adjusted coeff: −0.51, 95% CI: −1.01, −0.03). Lower fine and gross motor scores were also associated with having a single or widowed mother (adjusted coeff: −0.45, 95% CI: −0.87, −0.03) or a deceased or absent father (adjusted coeff: −0.81, 95% CI: −1.58, −0.05), respectively.

Conclusions

Biologic and social factors were associated with child neurodevelopment. Despite socio‐demographic differences between CHEU and CHUU, 1‐year neurodevelopment was similar. Addressing IPV and food insecurity may provide benefits regardless of maternal HIV status. DTG use was associated with higher neurodevelopmental scores in CHEU, compared to EFV regimens, potentially contributing to a lack of neurodevelopmental difference between CHEU and CHUU.
Aggressive periodontitis in southwestern American Indian adolescents
Authors: Rams Thomas E. , Contreras Adolfo , Slots Jørgen
Published: November 2023

Background

This study determined the prevalence of aggressive (molar‐incisor pattern) (Ag/MI) periodontitis and assessed the associated subgingival bacterial‐herpesvirus microbiota in Pueblo Indian adolescents in the southwestern United States.

Methods

The study included 240 Pueblo Indian adolescents, aged 13–20 years old, residing in three Rio Grande River villages in New Mexico and the Hopi Pueblo reservation in Arizona. Adolescents with Ag/MI periodontitis or periodontal health provided subgingival samples for culture of bacterial pathogens and for polymerase chain reaction detection of periodontal herpesviruses.

Results

Ag/MI periodontitis was detected in 22 (9.2%) Pueblo Indian adolescents, with 21 exhibiting a localized molar‐incisor breakdown pattern. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and other red/orange complex bacterial pathogens predominated in Ag/MI periodontitis, whereas periodontal health yielded mainly viridans streptococci and Actinomyces species. Periodontal herpesviruses demonstrated a 3.5 odds ratio relationship with Ag/MI periodontitis. The only adolescent with generalized Ag/MI periodontitis harbored viral co‐infection by cytomegalovirus plus Epstein–Barr virus Type 1, in addition to A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and several other periodontopathic bacteria.

Conclusions

Pueblo Indian adolescents showed an unusually high prevalence of early‐age Ag/MI periodontitis predominated by periodontopathic bacteria and herpesviruses suspected to be major etiologic agents of the disease.
Decoding Coumaphos: Tracing its journey in the lithosphere via degradation mechanisms and assessing sorption proficiency through kinetics study
Authors: Majid Sara , Ahmad Khuram Shahzad , A. A. Ibrahim , Malik Muhammad Azad
Published: November 2023

The fate of Coumaphos in the environment was evaluated through meticulous emulation and analysis of the intricate pedospheric matrices. The fate‐determinative investigations entailed a meticulous examination of Coumaphos's behavior, encompassing adsorption and desorption characteristics and its decomposition rate via hydrolysis, photolysis, and intrinsic biological degradation in soil. The interactions between Coumaphos molecules and soils were found to be robust, with physiosorption being the predominant mode of interaction. Thermodynamic analysis, based on the negative values of Gibbs free energy (−23,569 to −15,798 kJ/mol), indicated exothermic and spontaneous adsorption processes. The highest adsorption capacity (Kd(ads) = 34.97 μg/mL) was observed in soils with a notable organic matter content (1.99%), exhibiting a C‐type isotherm that was confirmed through linear and Freundlich models. Analytical techniques such as ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometry and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry were employed to determine the fate of Coumaphos in soil matrices. The minimum half‐lives of Coumaphos in hydrolysis, biodegradation, and photolysis experiments were 203, 52, and 69 days, respectively. These findings highlight the strong affinity of Coumaphos for the selected agricultural soils, indicating limited potential for transformation. Moreover, findings highlight the potential for further optimization of these degradative routes to devise practical strategies for environmental remediation utilizing natural processes.
When green carbon plants meet synthetic biology
Authors: Wang Qing , Zhang Jianfeng , Dai Qiulan , Cui Meijie , Yang Hao , Cao Peijian , Zhao Lei
Published: November 2023

Recycling carbon dioxide (CO2) into chemicals or fuels presents a promising avenue for mitigating carbon emissions and addressing the energy crisis. Plants serve as the ideal platform for the production of materials and chemicals, thanks to their innate capacity to directly use CO2 in the synthesis of various organic compounds. While conventional methods for enhancing plant CO2 fixation may reach their limits, novel technological solutions are imperative. Synthetic biology has illuminated the potential for biosynthesising multiple carbon sources through artificial CO2 fixation pathways in vitro. Recent breakthroughs in photorespiratory bypasses and artificial carboxylation modules offer significant promise for engineering plants to improve carbon fixation, guiding the design and development of plants with more efficient CO2 utilisation. In this context, we begin by summarising recent progress in designing or engineering in vitro CO2 fixation pathways, as well as those solely established in microbes. Subsequently, we delineate strategies employed to enhance CO2 fixation in plants. Finally, we explore potential methods for introducing artificial CO2 fixation pathways into plants. These advancements are critical in advancing synthetic biology's efforts to tackle future challenges related to food and energy scarcity.
Preparation of hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular dual‐network hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties
Authors: Li Huirong , Fang Shaokang , Wang Pengxiang , Feng Shida , Yu Yue , Zhang Hong , Liu Yuanfa , Guo Jing
Published: November 2023

Hydrogel has a wide range of functionalities and great potential for application in various fields. However, the disadvantages such as weak strength and susceptibility to water loss limit its application in complex environments. In this study, glycerol and water were used as binary solvents to construct dual‐network hydrogels by mixing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and the natural polymer gelatin (GEL) through a simple one‐pot method. Glycerol was introduced to form hydrogen bonds with PVA and GEL, on the one hand, resulting in the excellent mechanical properties of the prepared hydrogels; on the other hand, glycerol also endowed the hydrogels with excellent anti‐drying and anti‐freezing properties, which enabled them to be stably applied in extreme environments. In addition, by adjusting the proportion of glycerol, the mechanical properties of the hydrogel can be adjusted to adapt to the applications in different scenarios. This kind of organic hydrogel with adjustable mechanical properties for anti‐drying and anti‐freezing has great potential for development in various fields.

Highlights

Organic hydrogels with high mechanical strength were prepared by the one‐pot method.

The anti‐drying and anti‐freezing gel is suitable for extreme conditions.

The multifunctional gel is removable and can be reused to save costs.
Association of inflammation and abnormal lipid metabolism with risk of thrombosis and thrombosis progression in patients with polycythemia vera: a retrospective study
Authors: Lai Hurong , Tu Yansong , Zhang Shan , Liao Caifeng , Tu Huaijun , Li Jian
Published: November 2023

To date, no therapeutic strategy has been shown to be effective in reducing the risk of polycythemia vera (PV) transforming into myelofibrosis or leukemia, and the main goal of current treatment is to prevent thrombotic events. Recent studies have shown that higher levels of inflammation are associated with an increased risk of thrombosis in PV patients, while the correlation between inflammation and abnormal lipid metabolism with the risk of thrombosis in PV has not been reported. In this retrospective study, 148 patients with newly diagnosed PV who visited the Affiliated Hospitals of Nanchang University from January 2013 to June 2023 were categorized into low-risk group and high-risk group according to the risk of thrombosis, and were subsequently divided into thrombosis non-progression group and progression group. The differences of novel inflammatory markers PHR, NHR, MHR, LHR, and SIRI in each group were analyzed and compared with healthy adults who underwent physical examination in the hospitals during the same period. The results showed that PHR, NHR, MHR, and SIRI levels were significantly higher in the PV group than in the control group (P < 0.001), while HDL-C levels were considerably lower (1.09 vs. 1.31, P < 0.001). Comparisons within the groups of PV patients revealed that PHR, MHR, NHR, NLR, and SIRI levels were significantly higher in the high-risk group for thrombosis than in the low-risk group (P < 0.01); the thrombosis PHR, NHR, NLR, and SIRI levels were higher in the group with progression of thrombosis than in the group without progression of thrombosis (P < 0.05), while HDL-C levels were significantly lower (1.02 vs. 1.12, P < 0.001). The results of the ROC curve analysis showed that NHR (AUC = 0.791), HDL-C (AUC = 0.691), PHR (AUC = 0.668), NLR(AUC = 0.658), and SIRI (AUC = 0.638) had high diagnostic efficacy for identifying PV patients with thrombosis progression. Multivariate analysis showed that NHR, NLR, MHR, and LHR were independent risk factors for PV patients with thrombosis progression (P < 0.05). Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that NHR ≥ 5.82 × 109/mmol, NLR ≥ 6.295, PHR ≥ 280.4 × 109/mmol, MHR ≥ 0.295 × 109/mmol, LHR ≥ 1.41 × 109/mmol, and SIRI ≥ 1.53 × 109/L were risk factors for PFS in PV patients. The study demonstrates for the first time that novel inflammatory markers PHR, NHR, MHR, LHR, and SIRI may be used as new predictors for PV patients with thrombosis progression. NHR has the highest value in predicting thrombosis in PV patients and is superior to NLR which was reported previously.
The impact of anemia and blood transfusion on mortality after open abdominal surgery in the elderly
Authors: Buhl Henrik , Nørgaard Astrid , Otkjaer Astrid , Jørgensen Lars Nannestad , Jørgensen Henrik Løvendahl
Published: November 2023

Background

Major abdominal surgery is associated with considerable mortality in the elderly. Anemia has been linked to increased mortality in other types of surgery, such as hip and cardiac surgery. This study aimed to assess the impact of preoperative anemia on mortality in the elderly undergoing major abdominal surgery, and how allogeneic red cell blood transfusion influences mortality in these patients.

Materials and methods

We conducted a single-center, register-based retrospective study on patients, who were aged beyond 60 years and underwent one of 81 open abdominal surgical procedures. Patients operated on during the period from January 1, 2000, to May 31, 2013, were consecutively identified in the Danish National Patient Registry. Plasma hemoglobin was measured within 30 days prior to surgery and the primary endpoint was 30-day postoperative mortality. Information about patient transfusions from the hospital blood bank was available from 1998 to 2010.

Results

A total of 3199 patients were included of whom 85% underwent emergency surgery. The total mortality after 30 days was 20%. The median preoperative hemoglobin value of survivors was 7.7 mmol/L vs 6.9 mmol/L in those who died. The difference in hemoglobin values, between those who survived or died, decreased from the pre- to the post-operative phase. The 30-day postoperative mortality was 28%, 20%, and 12% in patients with a preoperative hemoglobin level in the lower, median, and upper quartile respectively. Transfusion therapy was associated with higher postoperative mortality, except in patients with very low hemoglobin values.

Conclusion

Preoperative anemia has a clear association with surgically related mortality. The distribution of hemoglobin values in patients with a fatal outcome differs significantly from that of survivors. Red cell transfusion is associated with increased mortality, except in patients with very low hemoglobin values which supports recent guidelines suggesting a restrictive transfusion strategy.
Very low prevalence of haemosporidian parasites in two species of marsh terns
Authors: Dubiec Anna , Atamas Natalia , Ledwoń Mateusz
Published: November 2023

Vector-transmitted haemosporidians are among the most common parasites in birds, but our knowledge of the inter-specific patterns of infection rates and the parasite community composition is far from complete because of the unequal distribution of the screening effort across bird families and genera. To assess infection rates and the diversity of haemosporidians from the genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, and Leucocytozoon in marsh terns, which represent poorly explored in this regard genus of the family gulls, terns, and skimmers (Laridae), we screened two species: the Whiskered Tern (Chlidonias hybrida) and the Black Tern (Chlidonias niger). We sampled these long-distance migratory birds on breeding grounds: the Whiskered Tern in south-central Poland and north-central Ukraine, and the Black Tern—in north-central Ukraine. We found that birds from both species were infected only sporadically, with prevalence at the population level not exceeding 3.4%. Only parasites from the genera Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon were detected. There was neither an inter-specific difference nor a difference between populations of the Whiskered Tern in infection rates. In total, we registered three lineages—one Plasmodium and two Leucocytozoon—that were previously recorded in other bird species, and two unidentified Plasmodium infections. One of the lineages (Leucocytozoon LARCAC02) represents a specialist parasite with the host range restricted to larids and geographic range restricted to Poland, and two others (Plasmodium SGS1 and Leucocytozoon CIAE02) represent generalist parasites with very broad host and geographic ranges. This study reinforces the existing evidence that terns host parasites from genera Haemoproteus, Plasmodium, and Leucocytozoon only sporadically.
Aiding food security and sustainability efforts through graph neural network-based consumer food ingredient detection and substitution
Authors: Foster Jack , Brintrup Alexandra
Published: November 2023

Understanding precisely what is in food products is not always straightforward due to food fraud, differing labelling regulations, naming inconsistencies and the hierarchical nature of ingredients. Despite this, the need to detect and substitute ingredients in consumer food products is far-reaching. The cultivation and production of many ingredients is unsustainable, and can lead to widespread deforestation and biodiversity loss. Understanding the presence and replaceability of these ingredients is an important step in reducing their use. Furthermore, certain ingredients are critical to consumer food products, and identifying these ingredients and evaluating supply-chain resilience in the event of losing access to them is vital for food security analysis. To address these issues, we first present a novel machine learning approach for detecting the presence of unlabelled ingredients. We then characterise the unsolved problem of proposing viable food substitutions as a directed link prediction task and solve it with a graph neural network (GNN).
Solution NMR Studies of Chaperone–Client Systems
Authors: Wan C. , Huang C.
Published: November 2023

Proper folding of many nascent polypeptides often requires assistance from a class of proteins called molecular chaperones, which bind to newly synthesized proteins and prevent misfolding or aggregation. Mechanistic understanding of this essential process, however, has been greatly hampered by the scarcity of structural knowledge on how chaperones recognize and interact with their client proteins. The main barrier lies in the inherently highly dynamic interaction nature that governs the promiscuous binding mechanism of chaperones to the flexible, unfolded or partially unfolded substrate proteins. By virtue of breakthroughs in tackling the molecular size limit and the advantages of dynamic tracking, solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has become one of the most powerful tools to study chaperone–client systems. Here we briefly summarize the recent advancements in solution NMR techniques that have been commonly applied in large proteins and present an overview of multiple contributions of this technique to chaperone–client systems.
Preparing Chaperone–Client Protein Complexes for Biophysical and Structural Studies
Authors: Sučec I. , Schanda P.
Published: November 2023

Understanding the mechanisms of chaperones at the atomic level generally requires producing chaperone–client complexes in vitro. This task comes with significant challenges, because one needs to find conditions in which the client protein is presented to the chaperone in a state that binds and at the same time avoid the pitfalls of protein aggregation that are often inherent to such states. The strategy differs significantly for different client proteins and chaperones, but there are common underlying principles. Here, we discuss these principles and deduce the strategies that can be successfully applied for different chaperone–client complexes. We review successful biochemical strategies applied to making the client protein “binding competent” and illustrate the different strategies with examples of recent biophysical and biochemical studies.
Single Molecule Fluorescence Methods for Molecular Chaperones and Their Client Interactions
Authors: Mondol T. , Sohmen B. , Hugel T.
Published: November 2023

Single molecule fluorescence-based methods have significantly contributed to our understanding of molecular motors, protein–nucleic acid interactions and intrinsically disordered proteins. Their application to molecular chaperones is promising to understand multi-protein interactions but is still limited, largely due to low affinities between many chaperones and their clients (substrates). Here we summarize the state of the art for investigating chaperone dynamics and its regulation with a focus on multi-protein interactions. We review the timescales of conformational rearrangements of chaperones such as Hsp90 and Hsp70 in the presence of nucleotides and cochaperones. A combination of single molecule techniques such as smFRET, FCS and time-resolved anisotropy elucidates a dynamic picture of chaperones across timescales ranging from seconds to nanoseconds. Likely all these timescales play an important role in regulating the chaperone function. Therefore, such experimental approaches will further improve our fundamental understanding of chaperones and their client interactions.
Studying Molecular Chaperones and Their Client Interactions by Nanometer Distance Restraints from Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Dröden J. , Drescher M.
Published: November 2023

The fundamental task of de novo protein folding and refolding is ensured by the diverse family of molecular chaperones. Insight into the structure, conformational changes and client interactions is key to understanding the processes within the complex chaperone network. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy combined with site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) is a suitable technique to unravel the processes involving chaperone activity. In this chapter, we review the state-of-the-art SDSL-EPR methodology, in particular distance determination providing structural information. Recent work in the field of molecular chaperones studied by EPR spectroscopy is summarized illustrating the tremendous potential and versatile applicability of this method.
EPR Studies of Chaperone Interactions and Dynamics
Authors: Siegel A. , Singh J. , Qin P. Z. , Shan S. O.
Published: November 2023

Molecular chaperones play central roles in defining the quality and boundary of protein homeostasis in the cell. By their very nature, molecular chaperones deal with an unusual section of the cellular proteome comprising mainly disordered conformers, including unfolded proteins, intermediates during folding, stress-induced partially unfolded species, and aggregated proteins. In contrast to well-ordered and folded macromolecules, for which the concepts and techniques for studying their structure, interaction, and dynamics in molecular and energetic detail are highly developed, the methods for studying the same problems in systems involving disordered and aggregated proteins are far less well established. In this chapter, we describe how EPR spectroscopy provides an experimental approach particularly suited to probe the interaction and environment in complex, heterogeneous, disordered systems and thus overcomes some of the conceptual and technical challenges in chaperone studies. When combined with complementary biophysical methods, EPR analyses can provide unique insights into the interaction, dynamics, and mechanisms of action for a variety of chaperone systems.
Environmental Development Program of CSR: Analysis of Waste Bank in Karya Mulia Village, Palembang, Indonesia
Authors: Rosilawati Yeni , Rahmawati Fitria
Published: November 2023

This study aims to analyze the environmental development program of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) waste bank of PT. Pertamina Limau Field. This study used a qualitative method with in-depth interview data collection. This research model is interactive by reducing data, presenting and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of PT. Pertamina Limau Field makes a positive contribution to the surrounding community. The application of community development provides education and awareness to the community in appreciating environmentally friendly values and reducing the waste of resources. The synergy with the Prabu Mulih waste bank makes waste management more efficient and optimal. The waste bank program also has an impact on the social and economic aspects of the community. The sustainability of the waste bank program applies the green economy concept which refers to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) number 11 concerning sustainable cities and communities, number 12 concerning responsible consumption and production. The positive impact of PT. Pertamina Limau Field has resulted in the participation of more than 100 customers who have deposited non-organic waste.
Bridging the Urban-Rural Divide: Exploring the Potential of Smart Technologies for Rural Micro-Enterprises in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia
Authors: Atmojo Muhammad Eko , Fridayani Helen Dian
Published: November 2023

The proliferation of smart technologies is revolutionizing the global business environment, offering growth and competitiveness opportunities for micro-enterprises facing resource, market access, and infrastructure challenges. Yogyakarta City, Indonesia, presents a diverse case, with both urban and rural areas experiencing varying technology adoption and infrastructure. Rural micro-enterprises in Yogyakarta grapple with issues like insufficient human resources, limited internet access, and technological barriers. This study aims to investigate the role of smart technologies in fostering the growth and competitiveness of micro-enterprises in the rural areas of Yogyakarta City, Indonesia, by identifying the key challenges and opportunities related to technology adoption and infrastructure development. To investigate the role of smart technologies in fostering the growth and competitiveness of micro-enterprises in rural areas of Yogyakarta City, Indonesia, a qualitative research method can be employed. This approach allows an in-depth exploration of participants' experiences, perspectives, and contextual factors influencing technology adoption. Through a qualitative study analysis on rural micro-enterprises in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia, the findings reveal limited awareness and misconceptions about smart technologies, inadequate infrastructure and connectivity, a lack of skilled workforce, financial constraints, insufficient government support, and cultural resistance to change as key challenges impacting the adoption of smart technologies, which underscores the need for targeted interventions to foster growth and competitiveness in these businesses.
Social Media in Support of Indonesia's One Data Interoperability Process for Implementing Data Governance Policies
Authors: Mutiarin Dyah , Wahyuni Herpita , Ismail Nur Syakiran Akmal , Kumorotomo Wahyudi
Published: November 2023

This study aims to determine whether Twitter is a social media platform that supports the One Data Indonesia Interoperability process to implement data regulations by producing accurate, integrated and accountable data. Use of Social media in Participation, Transparency, Discussion, involvement, and Communication Strategy. This descriptive research uses NVivo 12 Plus with data sources from Twitter @diklat BIG, @datagoid, @bappenasRI, and @Jokowi via NCapture. NCapture data and use the automatically configured crosstab feature. This study shows that social media significantly drives data interoperability strategies in Indonesia. Communication indicators from Participation in previous attempts were 22.00% and 3236 referrals. The 21.00% transparency category includes clear objectives, processes and program support. They completed 20.00% of the various stages of data collection, verification, and data priority release. To socialize the implementation of One Data Indonesia and the action to accelerate the provision of the One Data Portal, tweets were used with an involvement proportion of 18.00%. Communication Strategy realizes the importance of data and the existence of One Data Indonesia by using the Conversation Indicator, which has a Participation proportion of 17.00%. This study is essential for analyzing social media assistance using Twitter-based activity support and providing new, up-to-date data with NVivo 12 Plus analysis.
Government Responsibilities Related to Converting Forest Functions to Agricultural Land (Study in Batu Malang City)
Authors: Utami Nofi Sri , Syaifudin Ahmad , Muhibin  , Isnaini Diyan
Published: November 2023

The transfer of the function of a forest area is a change in the function of a forest that can cause environmental damage resulting from human actions. Humans in exploiting excessive natural resources can cause a change in an ecosystem that will affect environmental sustainability. Based on the policies and authorities granted by law based on the principle of regional autonomy, local governments are given the authority to regulate and manage natural resources including the forestry sector in the form of policies. The research problem examines the extent of the government's role and the illegal conversion of forestry land into housing and agriculture. This study uses an empirical juridical research method using an approach by looking at the reality that exists in practice in the field or going directly to the field to conduct research in Tulungrejo Bumiaji Village, Batu City. The government's role in the conversion of forest functions is needed to preserve the environment and protect forest ecosystems. Not only that, with government policies that accommodate the needs and desires of the people, the government needs to make future activities and plans transparent to the community regarding the activities that will be carried out. Not necessarily, the government is obliged to look at the needs of the community.
When EFL Students Study English Abroad in a Non-English Speaking Country: A Study of Thai Students in Learning English in Indonesia
Authors: Wirantaka Andi , Mardiningrum Arifah
Published: November 2023

Study Abroad (SA) has been discussed vastly in myriad of studies in the context of English as a Foreign Language. However, the discussions have been mostly around the context of countries where English is spoken as the first language while, SA is also prominently held in countries where English is a foreign language. The current study aims to investigate a particular program of SA in which students learn English in a non-English speaking country and are enrolled in an English Study Program. The study employs a case study. The participants are four Thai students enrolled in English Department of Southern Private University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The interview was used as the method to gather the data. The findings revealed that Thai students find studying English in Indonesia as a non-English speaking country challenging. The barriers concern language of instruction, custom, and social interaction. The findings of the study implies that SA students should be equipped with the language used in the target country with adequate training and preparation.
MATLAB simulation analysis of a 12-pulse rectifier circuit based on a power electronic transformer and its non-ideal state
Authors: Liang Shuwei , Wang Jiayu , Yang Litao
Published: November 2023

The power electronic transformer structure can increase the output side voltage while reducing the volume of the transformer, which has the effect of increasing power density and expanding the DC side. Based on the current research and application of the PET rectifier modules. The 12-pulse rectification is not prone to failure in simple structures, so it is usually suitable for medium and high-power occasions. This article first introduces the rectifier topology model and its ideal waveform in an ideal state. Considering the actual situation of the power grid and power electronic transformers, there are phenomena of leakage inductance and magnetic flux leakage. This paper focuses on the non-ideal state to derive the theoretical formula and waveform derivation. And the 12-pulse rectifier circuit is modelled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. The main consideration is the simulation model of the 12-pulse rectifier section. In this study, a three-phase AC voltage is used to go in series with a three-phase winding transformer to equivalently replace the PET.
Research Progress on the Application of Nanomaterials in Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials
Authors: Wang Yian , Zeng Shuyu , Zhang Yuxuan
Published: November 2023

Energy scarcity and environmental pollution are getting worse as science and technology advance, which has a significant influence on people's living conditions. Therefore, in light of the present sustainable development plan, the discovery and implementation of new energy sources are crucial for sustainable development. Lithium-ion batteries have been playing an increasingly significant role in the field of smart grids, electric vehicles, and personal electronic devices due to the fact that solar, wind, hydropower, and nuclear energy are new renewable energy sources in this context, but these energy sources are seasonal, regional, and discontinuous. There are currently more demanding specifications for lithium-ion batteries, including high energy density and high power density, due to the growth of electric vehicles and other energy storage technologies. In order to enhance the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries, this thesis focuses on the incorporation of nanomaterials into the cathode materials. It is discovered that there is still much opportunity for nanomaterial development in the cathode materials of batteries.