bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences in situational power performance between playing positions in top level handball
Authors: Foretić Nikola , Veršić Šime , Uljević Ognjen , Pavlinović Vladimir , Modrić Toni
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the differences in situational power performance between playing positions in handball. The following variables were analyzed: body height and weight, fastest shot, fastest sprint, highest jump, and average game time. The study sample comprised 412 handball players who participated at European championships. Backcourt players had the fastest shots and wing players presented the slowest shots among all playing positions. Wing players presented the fastest sprinting (29.09 km/h). Jumping performance showed the most diversity between the playing positions, and backcourt players jumped significantly higher than other players (16.76 cm).
Cilastatin Ameliorates Rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI in Mice
Authors: Matsushita Katsuyuki , Mori Kiyoshi , Saritas Turgay , Eiwaz Mahaba B. , Funahashi Yoshio , Nickerson Megan N. , Hebert Jessica F. , Munhall Adam C. , McCormick James A. , Yanagita Motoko , Hutchens Michael P.
Published: August 2021

Significance Statement

Rhabdomyolysis causes severe AKI and death in settings such as earthquakes and armed conflict. Specific treatment is not available and care is difficult to provide in these austere environments. Skeletal muscle myoglobin is a renal toxin that causes AKI in this syndrome. Proximal tubular megalin participates in myoglobin endocytosis and may be an AKI mediator. The authors demonstrate in a mouse model that proximal tubular megalin plays a critical role in rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI. In this model, proximal tubule–specific megalin deletion ameliorated AKI, and this effect was recapitulated by administration of cilastatin, a megalin inhibitor. This translational study thus identifies megalin as a mediator of rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI and suggests a novel mechanism by which it may be possible to ameliorate this condition.

Background

Rhabdomyolysis, the destruction of skeletal muscle, is a significant cause of AKI and death in the context of natural disaster and armed conflict. Rhabdomyolysis may also initiate CKD. Development of specific pharmacologic therapy is desirable because supportive care is nearly impossible in austere environments. Myoglobin, the principal cause of rhabdomyolysis-related AKI, undergoes megalin-mediated endocytosis in proximal tubule cells, a process that specifically injures these cells.

Methods

To investigate whether megalin is protective in a mouse model of rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI, we used male C57BL/6 mice and mice (14–32 weeks old) with proximal tubule–specific deletion of megalin. We used a well-characterized rhabdomyolysis model, injection of 50% glycerol in normal saline preceded by water deprivation.

Results

Inducible proximal tubule–specific deletion of megalin was highly protective in this mouse model of rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI. The megalin knockout mice demonstrated preserved GFR, reduced proximal tubule injury (as indicated by kidney injury molecule-1), and reduced renal apoptosis 24 hours after injury. These effects were accompanied by increased urinary myoglobin clearance. Unlike littermate controls, the megalin-deficient mice also did not develop progressive GFR decline and persistent new proteinuria. Administration of the pharmacologic megalin inhibitor cilastatin to wild-type mice recapitulated the renoprotective effects of megalin deletion. This cilastatin-mediated renoprotective effect was dependent on megalin. Cilastatin administration caused selective proteinuria and inhibition of tubular myoglobin uptake similar to that caused by megalin deletion.

Conclusions

We conclude that megalin plays a critical role in rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI, and megalin interference and inhibition ameliorate rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI. Further investigation of megalin inhibition may inform translational investigation of a novel potential therapy.
Practitioners’ knowledge and understanding of schemas and well-being in the Foundation Phase curriculum
Authors: Lewis Alyson , Thomas Amanda
Published: August 2021

Professional learning and development within Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) is being prioritised internationally. This priority is important particularly when practitioners in Wales are expected to implement ambitious curriculum changes. This paper examines the findings from two PhD studies, one that explored practitioners’ knowledge and understanding of schemas and another that explored well-being. It found three commonalities, first a limited understanding of schemas and well-being among some practitioners working with young children. Second, a limited understanding of how to recognise and support schemas and promote well-being in classroom practice. Third, a lack of clarity in Welsh Government curriculum policy about schemas and well-being. The paper discusses the implications of these commonalities for children and practice, curriculum implementation and research. Moreover, this paper suggests that if practitioners had a secure understanding of schemas and well-being this could help them rethink and transform their practice. This paper argues for the importance of collaborative professional development and critical reflection for practitioners, policy-makers and researchers in light of curriculum change.
Opting in or opting out? How is choice of language medium presented to Further Education learners in Wales and what influence does this have on their choices?
Authors: Davies Laura Beth
Published: August 2021

This article explores the ways in which choice of language medium is presented to Further Education learners in Wales and its influence on their choices, using principles of behavioural economics. The study analyses one of the reasons for the low number of learners studying through Welsh and bilingually in this sector. It suggests recommendations to improve the situation in the context of the Welsh Government’s target of a million Welsh speakers by 2050. The research is based on a sample of four different areas across Wales, drawing on semi-structured interviews with staff in schools and Further Education colleges, and on focus groups with pupils in the final year of their statutory education. The article explains the limitations of the model of ‘opting in’ to Welsh-medium and bilingual provision, with its emphasis on giving information to change behaviour, and investigates the relative strengths of the model of ‘opting out’ of such provision. The article argues in favour of applying principles of behavioural economics to language choice, through modifying choice architecture. It recommends changing the default language of provision, placing learners from Welsh and bilingual schools on Welsh-medium or bilingual provision, with the option to opt out if they wish.
Dos etimologías vascas: Txakur ‘perrito, perro’ y zakur ‘perro’ con un apéndice dedicado al análisis de la etimología de zakur de J. Lakarra
Authors: Frank Roslyn M
Published: August 2021

The following article explores the etymology of the Basque word zakur ‘dog’ and the palatalized form of the same txakur, often used today to refer to small dogs and dogs in a generic sense. Particular attention is paid to the question of the relationship between the latter term and Romance forms such as cacharro ‘puppy, young dog’. The study also examines the problems that arise from etymologies put forward in the past including the most recent one of the Basque philologist Joseba Lakarra, who derives the term zakur from a compound form that, according to him, originally meant ‘guardian agazapado’, i.e., ‘crouching guardian’. Over the past decade Lakarra has published a series of articles in which he puts forward his reconstruction of an entity he calls Pre-Proto-Basque, whose exact referential time frame is still rather unclear. In these articles a large number of new etymologies are introduced, including the one he dedicates to zakur, along with a particular kind of methodology and theoretical basis for investigating them. While the material published by Lakarra is readily available on the web, there has been little critical discussion of its merits. The present study is an attempt to remedy this situation by examining in detail the etymology of the term zakur and by doing so, to bring into focus the value of applying a more principled approach to the Basque data, one that derives it methodological and theoretical orientation from the field of cognitive linguistics, and more concretely from the emerging subfield of cultural linguistics. In a broad sense, the term cultural linguistics refers to linguistic research that explores the relationship between language and culture, bringing the sociocultural embedding and entrenchment of language into view and consequently charting the interactions of speakers of the language with their ever-changing environment, the latter understood in the amplest sense of the term. Thus, cultural linguistics has a diachronic dimension as it attempts to understand language as a subsystem of culture and to examine how various language features reflect and embody culture over time. ‘Culture’ here is meant in the anthropological sense; that is, as a system of collective beliefs, worldviews, customs, traditions, social practices, as well as the values and norms shared by the members of the cultural group.
On Protecting Endangered Words in Basque The Mystery of Labroka
Authors: Frank Roslyn M
Published: August 2021

An idea that I have had for many years has been that of writing a series of short articles for the general public, each of which would focus on one of the 'endangered’ words and expressions in Euskara. For example, I often come across Basque speakers using Spanish loan words when there are perfectly good words available in Basque that are being ignored or have been forgotten. Other words which are viewed as indigenous, like labroka, the topic of this essay, are known by specific groups of speakers only in their phonologically reduced form, while the original etymology of the term is no longer available to them: it has been lost or misplaced.
The Geometry and Symbolic Architecture of Basque Stone Octagons: The Pastoral Sarobe
Authors: Frank Roslyn M
Published: August 2021

In the Basque Country (Euskal Herria) stone octagons, known as sarobe in Basque (Euskara), were built using specified dimensions, based on a “geometric foot” standard (0.278m). This standard was incorporated into a septarian system of measurements, e.g., rods of 7 g.ft. in length, called gizabete, poles of 21 g.ft. and a unit called gorapila of 49 g.ft. The dimensions of the stone octagons suggest that ritual importance was attributed to their geometric design, to the size of their perimeter and their orientation. According to local tradition and Basque legal codes, the eight stones on the perimeter had to be oriented to the cardinal and inter-cardinal directions. Field work indicates that over 500 octagons may have existed inside Euskal Herria at some point in the past. In the study region the stone octagons are linked specifically to localized transhumant practices of Basque-speaking shepherds, well documented socio-cultural practices that appear to date back to the Late Bronze Age if not earlier. Inferential evidence suggests that the cognitive origins of their architectural design might reach back to the Neolithic and be related to similar pastoral traditions as well as septarian units of measure encountered along the Atlantic façade. Thus far, even though several of the sites have been Carbon-14 dated, the absolute terminus ante quem non of the design of the octagons is still uncertain.
Concerning Germanic Straw Bears, St. Nicholas & The Last Sheaf
Authors: Frank Roslyn M
Published: August 2021

In this article the traditional ritual activities connected to European Good-Luck Visits will be analyzed. These are performances that take place across much of Europe during the winter and spring. In them we find that the actors often utilize different types of plant-based materials to make their costumes. Symbolically, these objects form part of a larger class of objects and actions whose purpose is to ensure the health and well-being of those whose households are visited as well as to contribute to the fecundity and health of their domestic animals. As we shall see, the integration of natural plant-based materials in such traditional performances is not limited to the employment of these items as props with symbolic value. Rather vegetation, specifically, various types of straw (wheat, rye, oats, spelt or pea-straw) have been used, quite literally, to construct the very costumes worn by a specific class of bear performers, known collectively as Strohbären, that is straw bears. Whereas utilization of straw in the confection of these costumes is commonly associated with the bear actors of Bavaria, similar costumes are found in other parts of Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic and Poland.

As will be demonstrated, in addition to straw, many other types of plant material have been used to construct the costumes, for example, moss, leaves, twigs, and pine boughs. And, less exotically, the bear costume can consist of a real bear skin and the head of a real bear, as is still the case of performances held in certain villages in Rumania. As has been noted by other researchers, the actors, often called ‘men of the forest’—as were bears themselves—were frequently identified as ‘wild-men’. In this study we will examine the wide variation in the costumes as well as the variety of plant materials, animal furs and horns that have been utilized to create them. In addition, the role of these bear actors will be discussed, especially in reference to the traditional performances of Bavaria. Questions related to the way that St. Nicholas got added to the mix of actors are also addressed.
Longitudinal Observation of Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia with Positive CSF Biomarkers/Negative Amyloid-β Positron-Emission Tomography
Authors: Kim Min Hye , Lee Joonho , Kim Hong Nam , Shin In Ja , Lee Keun , Kim Yoon Seob , Lee Sun Min , Park Sun Ah , Moon So Young
Published: August 2021

We report a 61-year-old woman with clinical course for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia and discordant amyloid-β positron-emission tomography (PET) and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed remarkable atrophy in the hippocampus. However, repeated delayed 18F-flutemetamol brain amyloid PET images with 1 year-interval revealed no amyloid deposition, whereas her CSF revealed low Aβ42, high total tau and p-tau181. This discordant amyloid-β PET and CSF biomarkers in this early-onset AD dementia might be associated with her low resilience or mixed pathology.
An Implementation of Natural Language Processing and Text Mining in Stroke Research
Authors: Kim Chulho
Published: August 2021

Natural language processing (NLP) is a computerized approach to analyzing text that explores how computers can be used to understand and manipulate natural language text or speech to do useful things. In healthcare field, these NLP techniques are applied in a variety of applications, ranging from evaluating the adequacy of treatment, assessing the presence of the acute illness, and the other clinical decision support. After converting text into computer-readable data through the text preprocessing process, an NLP can extract valuable information using the rule-based algorithm, machine learning, and neural network. We can use NLP to distinguish subtypes of stroke or accurately extract critical clinical information such as severity of stroke and prognosis of patients, etc. If these NLP methods are actively utilized in the future, they will be able to make the most of the electronic health records to enable optimal medical judgment.
Survey on Public Awareness of Neurology in Korea
Authors: Park Jinse , Kim Hyeyun , Park Joong Hyun , Shin Won-Chul , Lee Il Keun , Lim Jae-Sung , Yang Jiwon , Hong Seung Bong , Park Kee-Hyung
Published: August 2021

Background: Neurology in Korea is a field of clinical practice and research that has been developing for over 30 years, but due to its relatively short history, public awareness is low compared to other clinical fields. The Korean Neurological Association conducted a survey to evaluate the Korean public’s awareness of neurology and the necessity of a name change. This study details the second survey conducted on the topic, with the first being conducted in 2013. The two surveys were compared to identify how the public’s awareness of neurology has improved since 2013 and determine how this can be improved.Methods: The survey was conducted by Gallup Korea, where 1,000 participants were randomly selected and interviewed through telephone surveys.Results: Of the 1,000 participants, 78.5% were familiar with Neurology, similar to the results of the 2013 survey. Meanwhile, when asked about neurological diseases, only 27.9% of the participants recognized neurological diseases correctly. The most accurately recognized symptoms related to Neurology were tremors (57.8%), strokes (55.5%), and dizziness (49.7%). In 2013, 61.7% of the participants thought a name change was necessary. In comparison, only 38.4% responded it needed to change in the recent survey.Conclusions: The preference for Neurology’s current name in Korea has improved since 2013 despite no significant change in the public’s awareness of neurology. More active public relations activities are needed to improve awareness of neurology in the future.
Biopolitically (un)caring: Sustaining bodies and shaping care in precarious environments
Authors: Zegarra Chiappori Magdalena
Published: August 2021

Much of the anthropological literature on care has addressed the topic as an ethical practice encompassing empathy, solidarity, and the capacity to recognize the other as worthy of engagement (Kleinman 2009; Stevenson 2014; Taylor 2008; Aulino 2016). Care relations are, in theory, everyday acts that sustain social ties, social persons, and social reproduction (Buch 2015; Zelizer 2005; Hochschild 2003). But in underprivileged social settings, where care is a scarce resource, can it still be conceived of as a moral practice that sustains social life? Grounded in twenty-four months of field research at an institution for abandoned elderly people in Lima, Peru, this article explores the multiple and sometimes contradictory expectations and understandings that can emerge in relation to providing care in an environment of precariousness, social death, and institutional disregard. My argument is that, at this particular institution, care is offered precariously, to the limits of its capacity, and essentially as a practice of biopolitical control directed at the bodies and lives of the elderly.
Hombres que deciden cuidar a personas adultas dependientes en el contexto familiar. Género y parentesco en transformación
Authors: Soronellas-Masdeu Montserrat , Comas d’Argemir Dolors , Alonso-Rey Natàlia
Published: August 2021

En este artículo analizamos la realidad cotidiana de hombres que, estando todavía en edad laboral, toman la decisión de abandonar sus actividades profesionales para dedicarse al cuidado de sus esposas o de sus hijos adultos dependientes. Se trata de hombres que han priorizado los cuidados y que ejercen de cuidadores en el entorno familiar, combinando los recursos que ponen a su disposición el mercado, el sector público o las iniciativas sociales comunitarias. Entendemos que un suceso inesperado que afecta a la salud plantea lógicas específicas en la forma de afrontar el cuidado y el rol asumido por el cuidador. A partir de una metodología cualitativa, analizamos cómo entienden el cuidado los padres y maridos cuidadores; qué tipo de cuidados realizan; cómo organizan y distribuyen la provisión de cuidados; cuál es la actitud moral con que afrontan los cuidados; y qué conflictos y malestares emergen de la situación de cuidado. Todo ello en el marco de las motivaciones y contexto que abocan a estos hombres a la decisión de cuidar. Lo relevante a nivel teórico es entender que estos hombres que deciden cuidar ponen  en tensión las prescripciones derivadas del género con las obligaciones generadas por el parentesco.
Envejecimiento, dependencia y cuidados. Retos sociales y retos asistenciales
Authors: Comas-d’Argemir Dolors , Soronellas-Masdeu Montserrat
Published: August 2021

Los textos de este monográfico constituyen una buena compilación que revisa algunas de las más relevantes dimensiones del estado actual de la investigación sobre sobre envejecimiento y cuidados de personas adultas dependientes.
Herramientas para lograr un uso sostenible del agua en la minería: la huella hídrica y la huella de agua
Authors: Fernandez Scagliusi Maria de los Ángeles
Published: August 2021

One of the most important elements for mining is water, as it is needed in many operations associated with mining work. Certainly, mining activities are closely linked to water: as an environmental resource that must be protected; as an indispensable resource for its use in the mine itself or outside it; and even as a problem to be avoided, reduced or corrected in mining. In order to evaluate and improve the sustainability of water resource management, two global indicators are used, which are very useful: the water footprint and the water footprint. Their calculation provides added value by going one step further than the classic analysis of an organisation´s water management.
Revolução verde e retrocesso ambiental
Authors: Pozzetti Valmir César , Barbosa Fonseca Magnani Maria Clara , Zambrano Virginia
Published: August 2021

The objective of this research was to verify the veracity of the information that the use of pesticides -brought about by the Green Revolution -is necessary to eliminate hunger on the planet and if the green revolution is in harmony with the Principle of Prohibition of Environmental Retraction. The methodology used was that of the deductive method: the means was used for the bibliographic research and for the purposes, the research was qualitative. The conclusion reached was that the use of agrochemicals in an indiscriminate manner has brought innumerable damages to the environment, causing environmental imbalance and the appearance ofinnumerable ills to the beings that inhabit the planet earth; so the green revolution, as conceived in Brazil, is at odds with the Principle of Prohibition of Environmental Retraction.
Marta Torre-Schaub: Justice climatique. procès et actions, CNRS, Paris, 2020
Authors: Alvarez Carreño Santiago Manuel
Published: August 2021

Marta Torre-Schaub: Justice climatique. procès et actions, CNRS, Paris, 2020
Perspectivas democráticas para alternativas pós-extrativistas a partir da ideia de desenvolvimento dos candidatos a presidente do Brasil
Authors: Dias Junior José Armando Ponte
Published: August 2021

The hegemonic development model responsible for the diffusion of the phenomenon of neo-extractivism in Latin America is unsustainable, providing acute environmental impacts and stimulating a scenario of growing social conflicts involving large extractive enterprises. The overcoming of this paradigm towards post-extractive possibilities and alternative understandings of development undergoes profound transformations in society's ways of life, and, for this reason, requires a democratic support base. Based on this premise and limiting its attention to the Brazilian case, the present article seeks to investigate which democratic elements can sustain such a significant economic-ecological transition, seeking to understand whether there is evidence that this transition to post-extractive models may occur, in a near horizon, only from alternation of governments. For this purpose, as a methodology, the article takes as a corpus the government programs registered at the Superior Electoral Court of Brazil by the two main candidates in 2018 Brazil presidential election, in order to, from the identification of the similarities between the proposed development models, point out that representative democracy has not offered citizens effective alternatives to extractivism, making it necessary in this transition process to increase participation through non-electoral channels of participatory democracy.
A juridisção da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos sobre o Direito ao Meio Ambiente Saudável
Authors: Lima Lucas Carlos
Published: August 2021

The article explores recent developments in relation to the protection of the Environment in the case law of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, especially with regard to the Advisory Opinion 23/17 and the Lhaka Honhat case. Its purpose is to identify the techniques employed by the IACtHR in order to expand its reach in relation to the protection of the right to a healthy environment. Methodologically, I analyzed the decisions of the Court, either on its advisory or contentious jurisdiction, as well as the existing literature on the subject and the main reactions on the analyzed decisions. I argue that, while the recent environmental case law crystallizes important progress in the protection of environmental rights in the Inter-American System, there are potential problems with the protection of the autonomous right to a healthy environment under Article 26 of the Convention. I conclude by exploring the unfolding consequences of the arguments adopted by the IACtHR in relation to its advisory function, and the criticism of the Court’s approach to environmental matters received from some judges.
Desafios na implementação do plano diretor como garantia de un meio ambiente ecologicamente sustentável
Authors: Couto Clayton Santos do , Freitas Vladimir Passos de
Published: August 2021

The main aim of this study is to analyze the most important aspects of the participatory master plan, as an instrument for the achievement of urban planning and a guarantee to the right to an ecologically balanced environment. In Brazil, it is mandatory for municipalities with more than twenty thousand inhabitants to have a master plan of their activities. The present article, using the hypothetic-deductive method, through the analysis of legislation and doctrine, seeks to verify if the actions contained in tat valuable instrument have been efficient, in regard to the protection of the environment, or if they have not been fulfilled, under allegations such as lack of budgetary resources. Based on the assumption that the ecologically balanced environment is a fundamental right recognized in the Brazilian Federal Constitution, the study finds that most of the deliberations of this instrument have not been carried out and points out measures that may contribute to greater effectiveness in the enforcement of the master plan.
Jurisprudencia ambiental en Asturias (Primer semestre 2021)
Authors: Boto Álvarez Alejandra
Published: August 2021

Jurisprudencia ambiental en Asturias (Primer semestre 2021)
The Bern Convention and CITES in the UK: an exploration of norms and ambiguities
Authors: Wyatt Tanya
Published: August 2021

In the Anthropocene, humans are changing and harming the planet in significant and possibly irreversible ways. Biodiversity loss is one of the main elements of these human-caused harms. Wildlife and conservation policies, such as Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (the Bern Convention) and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) are attempts to stop the loss of wildlife. This article explores the implementation of both of these conventions in the UK through a mixed-methods study including content analysis of convention documentation and eight semi-structured interviews. The findings indicate that whilst the UK has a reputation for actively engaging in wildlife conservation and being a nation of animal lovers, management of its own wildlife is under resourced and could be improved. Both conventions are complex, with different parties focusing on different aspects (i.e., commercial interests via sustainable use narratives or wildlife protection via mentions of intrinsic value). Stakeholders need to engage in dialogue about the core ethical issues regarding trade and consumption. Trying to expect the inclusion of or to add on species justice and welfare to the existing structures appears to be a step too far for the stakeholders as well as the legislative structures.
Derecho y políticas ambientales en la Comunidad de Madrid (Primer semestre 2021)
Authors: Entrena Ruiz Daniel Bruno
Published: August 2021

Derecho y políticas ambientales en la Comunidad de Madrid (Primer semestre 2021)
Jurisprudencia ambiental de la Región de Murcia (Primer semestre de 2021)
Authors: Salazar Ortuño Eduardo
Published: August 2021

Jurisprudencia ambiental de la Región de Murcia (Primer semestre de 2021)
The Development of Enforcement of CITES in Norway: Discretionary Omissions and Theriocidies
Authors: Sollund Ragnhild
Published: August 2021

The world is losing species at an alarming rate; the population sizes of wild mammals, birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles have dropped 68% since 1970. Much of this loss is caused by trade. This article discusses the development in the enforcement of CITES (Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species) in Norway through a longitudinal, qualitative approach. It is based on data collection done in several stages and traces how crimes of wildlife trade are addressed by law enforcement agencies. It finds that there is lax enforcement of CITES crimes in Norway, which connect to what can be called anthropocentric, discretionary harms of omission in law enforcement. Taking a species justice approach and based on a discussion of possible changes and development in enforcement in Norway, this article argues that this crime is still insufficiently prioritized by enforcement agencies. Weak points identified at the early stages of this research, such as deficient recording of CITES crimes and discretionary lack of priority of investigation, were still existent. The most serious weakness is the policy of euthanizing confiscated animals, which is a considerable breach of species justice.
Derecho y políticas ambientales en Cataluña (Primer semestre 2021)
Authors: Gil Casión María Inés
Published: August 2021

Derecho y políticas ambientales en Cataluña (Primer semestre 2021)
Jurisprudencia ambiental en Castilla y León (Primer semestre 2021)
Authors: Sanz Rubiales Iñigo
Published: August 2021

Jurisprudencia ambiental en Castilla y León (Primer semestre 2021)
Wolf (Dis)Protection in Spain: Exceptions to the Rules in the Bern Convention and in The Habitats Directive as a Conservation and Management Tool
Authors: Fajardo del Castillo Teresa
Published: August 2021

The announcement that Spain was going to ban wolf hunting throughtout its territory has been the trigger to reopen the debate on the wolf and its conservation and management status. In Europe, the unexpected success of wolf conservation policies has led to the wolf being considered as a pest or a species detrimental to agriculture and livestock farming. This perception of predators is present in and inspires the reservations and exceptions to the rules of the Bern Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and those of the Habitats Directive of the European Union, which provide for different protection statuses and management regimes. Exceptions to these rules allow some states to prohibit wolf hunting and others to allow it in order to avoid escalating conflicts with humans. Although this 'rule of law of biodiversity',  guarantees legal protection for the wolf, in practice a serious lack of compliance has been revealed, which is one of the threats to the wolf. A study of the application of these exceptions in Spain and the case law of the Spanish courts and the Court of Justice of the European Union suggests that the legalisation of hunting cannot serve to remedy this compliance deficit when there are alternatives. These may include criminal or administrative prosecution of their violation.
Introduction to Special Issue of CRIMEANTHROP: Criminal Justice, Wildlife Conservation and Animal Rights in the Anthropocene
Authors: Sollund Ragnhild
Published: August 2021

Introduction to Special Issue of CRIMEANTHROP: CriminaL Justice, Wildlife Conservation and Animal Rights in the Anthropocene
Colorimetric determination of urea v2
Authors: not provided noah.langenfeld , not provided Laurenpayne , Bugbee Bruce
Published: August 2021

This protocol measures the absorbance of urea in solution in complexation with diacetyl monoxomie at 520 nm and is linearly proportional to concentration up to 5 mM urea.
Multimodal Metaphor Patterns in Documentaries About Plastic Pollution
Authors: Vermenych Yana
Published: August 2021

This article addresses the issue of multimodal instantiation of conceptual metaphors in documentaries about plastic pollution: A Plastic Ocean (2016) and Recycling Sham (2019). Theoretically, it departs from conceptual metaphor theory (Lakoff & Johnson1980), extending it with the multimodal (Forceville and Urios-Aparisi 2009) and discursive (Musolff 2006) approaches to metaphor. In agreement with the latest theoretical development in this area (Ping Tang, Kelin Quan, Jianbin Zhu 2020), conceptual metaphor is viewed not as a mere correspondence between two conceptual domains, but as a condensed micronarrative that provides a rich understanding of the target domain. The research demonstrates that multimodal metaphors in the documentaries under scrutiny are capable of forming constellations that carry ideological implications, demonstrating temporal variation.
On the Cultivation of Intercultural Communicative Competence in the English Viewing-listening-speaking Course
Authors: Liu Yueyang
Published: August 2021

With the fast pace of globalization, cultivating Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) has gradually become a vital goal in English language teaching. However, whether the English Viewing-Listening-Speaking (VLS) course can be used to improve learners’ ICC is less researched. This paper tends to adopt skills of discovery, comparison and analysis in Byram’s ICC model as methods to explore how students interpret in VLS class and how the interpretation processes improve students’ intercultural communicative competence. The design and implementation of teaching activities, combined with the research data including quizzes, students’ statement recording and reports, are introduced to illustrate how to improve learners’ ICC in VLS course.
Breaking School Rules: The Permissibility of Student Noncompliance in an Unjust Educational System
Authors: NIKOLAIDIS A.C. , THOMPSON WINSTON C.
Published: August 2021

Rule violations are expected in schools, and assessments of the severity of those violations and the appropriate disciplinary responses are a significant aspect of educators’ responsibilities. While most educators and policy makers reject rule violation as a permissible behavior in schools, is such a categorical rejection always a suitable response, and are there circumstances that might merit an alternative response? In this article, A. C. Nikolaidis and Winston C. Thompson argue that under unjust circumstances, noncompliance with school rules may be permissible and even desirable. Building on a contractual framework placing systemic injustice at the center of inquiry, they show that under unjust conditions schools forfeit their ability to hold students accountable for role-dependent violations.
Interior China as the (Desired) Destination: Educational Mobilities, the Reflexive Project of the Self, and Ethnic Han Youth with Tibet Household Registration
Authors: YANG MIAOYAN
Published: August 2021

In this article, Miaoyan Yang examines the identity struggles of a group of youth from China’s majority ethnic Han group. As children of “in-Tibet cadres,” these Han youth were deemed “privileged” in their educational opportunities as compared with both Han students from interior China and ethnic Tibetan minority students from Tibet whose first language was not Chinese. This was because at young ages they could move to economically developed interior cities for their secondary education through a state-run Interior Tibet Class program. While participation in this program ensured these students’ placement in China’s key universities, the price of the privilege included continual involuntary relocations, long-term separation from their home communities, a sense of insecurity and marginalization, and emotional alienation from their parents. This study engages the theory of the reflexive project of the self by discerning how mobility and politics impact the place-making and life planning of individuals in their identity constructions.
Pengaruh Perendaman Natrium Bikarbonat terhadap Karakteristik Tepung Ikan Teri sebagai Sumber Fosfor dan Kalsium
Authors: Litaay Christina , Indriati Ashri , Mayasti Nur Kartika Indah , Anggara Cahya Edi Wahyu , Astro Hendarwin M
Published: August 2021

Ikan teri memiliki sumber nutrisi penting dan nilai ekonomis yang tinggi, tetapi belum dapat dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Bentuk pengolahan ikan teri yang dilakukan adalah memanfaatkan ikan teri dalam bentuk tepung sumber protein, kalsium dan fosfor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh perendaman dalam natrium bikarbonat 0,8% terhadap kadar kalsium dan fosfor tepung ikan teri. Perlakuan yang dilakukan adalah proses perendaman ikan dalam natrium bikarbonat 0,8% dengan variasi lama perendaman 15 menit (D1), 30 menit (D2), dan 45 menit (D3). Parameter dalam penelitian yang diamati antara lain kadar abu, kadar air, kadar protein, kadar lemak, kadar kalsium, dan kadar fosfor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perendaman ikan selama 30 menit memberikan kadar kalsium dan fosfor yang tertinggi masing-masing 6.136,33±53,85 mg/100 g (bk) dan 31.915,20±235,30 mg/kg (bk), dengan kadar protein sebesar 66,25±0,01% (bk).
Teachers’ Views on the Use of Mobile Phones in Schools
Authors: ALAKURT Turgay , YILMAZ Burcu
Published: August 2021

Mobile phones are the most popular and widely used mobile devices in the world. Besides providing users with different communication facilities (SMS messages, voice or video calls, social media etc.), they can also be used as a powerful tool for teaching and learning. Despite this popularity and widespread, the use of mobile phones in schools is the most controversial issue in Turkey, as well as all over the world. This study was aimed to determine the views of ICT teachers on students’ use of mobile phone in schools. The survey research was used in this study. Data were collected from 424 teachers working at secondary schools, high schools and vocational/technical high schools in Turkey. The results of the research revealed that mobile phones have become an indispensable tool for teachers to both access information and communicate in their professional and personal lives. On the other hand, it was determined that ICT teachers lean towards bans or restrictions on the use of mobile phones by students at school due to pedagogical concerns. We also found that teachers have different views about whether mobile phones are a need for students or not, although mobile phones are an important means for communication and gaining information in their lives. The results of the research showed that education and guidance activities for effective use of mobile phones are not carried out in most of the schools.
Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Akademik Motivasyonları ve Matematiksel Üstbiliş Farkındalıkları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ARSLAN Aysel
Published: August 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ortaokul öğrencilerinin akademik motivasyonları ile matematiksel üstbiliş farkındalıkları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Bu çalışmada, nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden betimsel tarama modeli tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, 2019-2020 öğretim yılı ikinci döneminde basit seçkisiz örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen ve Sivas ilindeki 6 devlet ortaokulunda öğrenim gören toplam 1318 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Vallerand, Blais, Brière, ve Pelletier’in (1989) geliştirdiği Türkçeye uyarlamasını ise Yurt ve Bozer’in (2015) yaptığı “Akademik Motivasyon Ölçeği” ve Kaplan ve Duran’ın (2000) geliştirdiği “Matematiksel Üstbiliş Farkındalık Ölçeği” uygulanarak elde edilmiştir. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde bağımsız gruplar t testi, ANOVA, Tukey testi, Pearson korelasyon testi ve Basit Doğrusal Regresyon kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre; akademik motivasyon ile matematiksel üstbiliş farkındalık arasında orta düzeyde, pozitif yönlü ve anlamlı bir ilişki vardır. Öğrencilerin akademik motivasyonları matematiksel bilişüstü farkındalıklarının %20’lik bir kısmını açıklamaktadır.
Optimum design analysis of a solar-assisted Libr/H2O absorption system with a flat-plate collector
Authors: ROY Rahul , KUNDU Balaram
Published: August 2021

An analytical analysis has been presented to evaluate the performance of a solar-assisted va-pour absorption cooling system with a flat-plate absorber plate. The lithium–bromide water absorption cycle is used to obsstain the cooling effect. The performance parameters, namely absorber plate efficiency, collector efficiency factor, heat removal factor, etc. have been deter-mined with the variation of collector fluid inlet temperature. The cycle coefficient of perfor-mance (COP), system COP, refrigerating efficiency of the cycle, and refrigerating efficiency of the system are determined analytically. The maximum COP and cooling efficiency for both the cycle and system has been found at an optimal collector fluid inlet temperature. The optimum design condition for the variation of different design parameters, such as ambient temperature and thermal conductivity, has also been studied. Finally, the plate material is found to be a minimum at a particular collector fluid inlet temperature which is an optimum design condi-tion to run the solar-assisted vapour absorption system.
Effect of viscosity on entropy generation for laminar flow in helical pipes
Authors: PRATTIPATI Ravi , NARLA V. K. , PENDYALA Srinivas
Published: August 2021

Entropy generation for fully developed laminar flow in a helical pipe carrying high viscous fluid under constant temperature boundary conditions is investigated analytically. This work focuses on geometrical, fluid, and thermal aspects and their influence on irreversibilities in helical coils. The effect of viscosity on the irreversibilities and its influence on the operating parameters of the helical coil are studied with the second law of thermodynamics. The most commonly used relationships for estimating viscosity change due to temperature are selected for analysis. The entropy generation and avoidable exergy destruction in each case are presented. Bejan number is plotted for varying viscosities under different wall temperatures for both heat transfer to and from the fluid. The thermodynamic potential of improvement based on avoidable and unavoidable exergy destruction concepts showed that the potential of improvement for heating and the cooling condition is considerable for a given operating condition in helical tubes. The selected model for estimating viscosity influences the optimum operating wall temperature, thereby giving an insight into a selection of a proper viscosity model. The optimum helical number is not affected by fluid properties and wall temperature. The heat transfer to pumping ratio is evaluated and it is found that the optimal value is influenced by the change in viscosity.
Genome Editing in Latin America: CRISPR Patent and Licensing Policy
Authors: Bagley Margo
Published: August 2021

The power and promise of genome editing, CRISPR specifically, was first realized with the discovery of CRISPR loci in the 1980s.i Since that time, CRISPR-Cas systems have been further developed enabling genome editing in virtually all organisms across the tree of life.i In the last few years, we have seen the development of a diverse set of CRISPR-based technologies that has revolutionized genome manipulation.ii Enabling a more diverse set of actors than has been seen with other emerging technologies to redefine research and development for biotechnology products encompassing food, agriculture, and medicine.ii Currently, the CRISPR community encompasses over 40,000 authors at 20,000 institutions that have documented their research in over 20,000 published and peer-reviewed studies.iii These CRISPR-based genome editing tools have promised tremendous opportunities in agriculture for the breeding of crops and livestock across the food supply chain. Potentially addressing issues associated with a growing global population, sustainability concerns, and possibly help address the effects of climate change.i These promises however, come along-side concerns of environmental and socio-economic risks associated with CRISPR-based genome editing, and concerns that governance systems are not keeping pace with the technological development and are ill-equipped, or not well suited, to evaluate these risks. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) launched an initiative in 2020 to understand the complexities of these new tools, their potential impacts on the LAC region, and how IDB may best invest in its potential adoption and governance strategies. This first series of discussion documents: “Genome Editing in Latin America: Regulatory Overview,” and “CRISPR Patent and Licensing Policy” are part of this larger initiative to examine the regulatory and institutional frameworks surrounding gene editing via CRISPR-based technologies in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) regions. Focusing on Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay, they set the stage for a deeper analysis of the issues they present which will be studied over the course of the next year through expert solicitations in the region, the development of a series of crop-specific case studies, and a final comprehensive regional analysis of the issues discovered.
Genome Editing in Latin America: Regional Regulatory Overview
Authors: Kuiken Todd , Kuzma Jennifer
Published: August 2021

The power and promise of genome editing, CRISPR specifically, was first realized with the discovery of CRISPR loci in the 1980s.3 Since that time, CRISPR-Cas systems have been further developed enabling genome editing in virtually all organisms across the tree of life.3 In the last few years, we have seen the development of a diverse set of CRISPR-based technologies that has revolutionized genome manipulation.4 Enabling a more diverse set of actors than has been seen with other emerging technologies to redefine research and development for biotechnology products encompassing food, agriculture, and medicine.4 Currently, the CRISPR community encompasses over 40,000 authors at 20,000 institutions that have documented their research in over 20,000 published and peer-reviewed studies.5 These CRISPR-based genome editing tools have promised tremendous opportunities in agriculture for the breeding of crops and livestock across the food supply chain. Potentially addressing issues associated with a growing global population, sustainability concerns, and possibly help address the effects of climate change.4 These promises however, come along-side concerns of environmental and socio-economic risks associated with CRISPR-based genome editing, and concerns that governance systems are not keeping pace with the technological development and are ill-equipped, or not well suited, to evaluate these risks. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) launched an initiative in 2020 to understand the complexities of these new tools, their potential impacts on the LAC region, and how IDB may best invest in its potential adoption and governance strategies. This first series of discussion documents: “Genome Editing in Latin America: Regulatory Overview,” and “CRISPR Patent and Licensing Policy” are part of this larger initiative to examine the regulatory and institutional frameworks surrounding gene editing via CRISPR-based technologies in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) regions. Focusing on Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay, they set the stage for a deeper analysis of the issues they present which will be studied over the course of the next year through expert solicitations in the region, the development of a series of crop-specific case studies, and a final comprehensive regional analysis of the issues discovered.