bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Value of heart rate recovery in female patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension due to systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Yang Guo‐ling , Guo Jian , Pudasaini Bigyan , Yuan Ping , Gong Su‐gang , Wang Lan , Zhao Qin‐hua , Yang Wen‐lan , Jiang Rong , Zhou Caicun , Liu Jin‐ming
Published: July 2019

Objective

This study intended to explore the relation between heart rate recovery at 1 minutes (HRR1) during the recovery phase of cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and exercise capacity in female systemic lupus erythematosus associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (SLE‐PAH) patients.

Methods

Twenty‐one female SLE‐PAH patients underwent right heart catheterization (RHC), pulmonary function test (PFT) and CPET. Forty‐two healthy subjects matched with SLE‐PAH patients in age, sex and BMI were recruited as a control group. The correlations between HRR1 with clinical and CPET parameters were performed.

Results

Peak HR, ΔHR, HRR1, Peak HR‐warm HR1min, Peak HR‐warm HR2min and CR were significantly lower in SLE‐PAH than in controls (P < .01). Increased incidence of CRI was seen in SLE‐PAH. Except for the Peak PETO2, which was higher in controls, all other CPET parameters were lower in SLE‐PAH. SLE‐PAH patients with HRR1 ≥ 16 had longer 6MWD, lower NT‐proBNP, better percent of predicted gas transfer index or diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco% pred) as well as better CO and CI. Peak HR, ΔHR, HRR1, Peak HR‐warm HR1min, Peak HR‐warm HR2min, CR, Peak Load, Peak VO2, Peak PETCO2, OUEP and OUES were lower and duration of exercise was shorter in patients with HRR1 < 16. HRR1 had positive correlation with 6MWD, DLco% pred, CO, CI and some key CPET parameters.

Conclusions

HRR1 is an easily obtained auxiliary parameter in SLE‐PAH patients to reflect an altered autonomic tone. SLE‐PAH patients with HRR1 < 16 have more severe hemodynamics, worse clinical findings and marked oxygen uptake inefficiency than those with HRR1 ≥ 16.
Marx's genealogy of the idea of equality
Authors: James David
Published: July 2019

Contrary to egalitarian readings of both Marx's critique of capitalist society and its replacement by communist society, his lack of commitment to the idea of equality has been emphasized. I argue that Marx's statements concerning the idea of equality, and especially how it would represent an inappropriate norm for genuine communist society, are ultimately to be explained in terms of its relation to the exchange value that governs acts of commodity exchange. Marx wants to show how general recognition of the idea of equality and the legal and political forms that it assumes have their origin in the way in which exchange value has come to dominate social relations, leading human beings to develop an abstract conception of themselves, others and how the world ought to be that is incompatible with the goals of communist society.
Use of acoustics to enhance the efficiency of physical screens designed to protect downstream moving European eel (Anguilla anguilla)
Authors: Deleau Mathias J. C. , White Paul R. , Peirson Graeme , Leighton Timothy G. , Kemp Paul S.
Published: July 2019

European eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.), is vulnerable to entrainment at a variety of man‐made intakes, including those that lead to hydropower turbines or other abstraction points. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the potential for acoustic stimuli to improve the efficiency of a vertical bar screen to guide downstream moving eel. Three underwater speakers were installed along the channel wall of an external flume, upstream of the screen. In the first experiment (a), screen guidance efficiency recorded in the presence (treatment) and absence (control) of a continuous broadband stimulus was individually compared between fish from two respective groups. Adopting a “before‐after” design, the second experiment (b) assessed individually the guidance of control eels from the group previously used in experiment 1 when exposed to a 100 Hz pulse. The majority of eels reached the bypass in both experiments with only three passing through the screen during the controls against one during each acoustic treatment. Rejection of the area adjacent to the speakers was more common during the acoustic treatment, with eels moving past the speakers more rapidly in the presence of sound. The results suggest that employing acoustic stimuli enhances the guidance efficiency of physical screens.
In silico analysis‐based identification of the target residue of integrin α6 for metastasis inhibition of basal‐like breast cancer
Authors: Tanaka Sunao , Senda Noriko , Iida Atsuo , Sehara‐Fujisawa Atsuko , Ishii Tomoko , Sato Fumiaki , Toi Masakazu , Itou Junji
Published: July 2019

Metastasis causes death in breast cancer patients. To inhibit breast cancer metastasis, we focused on integrin α6, a membrane protein that contributes to cell migration and metastasis. According to in silico analysis, we identified Asp‐358 as an integrin α6‐specific vertebrate‐conserved residue and consequently as a potential therapeutic target. Because Asp‐358 is located on the surface of the β propeller domain that interacts with other molecules for integrin α6 function, we hypothesized that a peptide with the sequence around Asp‐358 competitively inhibits integrin α6 complex formation. We treated basal‐like breast cancer cells with the peptide and observed reductions in cell migration and metastasis. The result of the immunoprecipitation assay showed that the peptide inhibited integrin α6 complex formation. Our immunofluorescence for phosphorylated paxillin, a marker of integrin‐regulated focal adhesion, showed that the peptide reduced the number of focal adhesions. These results indicate that the peptide inhibits integrin α6 function. This study identified the functional residue of integrin α6 and designed the inhibitory peptide. For breast cancer patients, metastasis inhibition therapy may be developed in the future based on this study.
‘Writing’ aesth‐ethics on the child's body: Developing maternal subjectivities through clothing our children
Authors: Huopalainen Astrid , Satama Suvi
Published: July 2019

What could we learn from the ‘aesth‐ethic’ practices of clothing children? The dual focus of this article is to analyse the everyday clothing of children as well as the development of maternal subjectivities as relevant to discussions of aesthetic labour in the field of organization studies. Drawing upon the literatures on aesthetic labour and maternal subjectivities in the field of organization studies, we develop a fine‐grained understanding of the relatively intense and effortful maternal labours that clothing our children encapsulates. Methodologically, we use autoethnographic diary notes combined with feminist ‘memory work’ to analyse clothing as an affectual form of storytelling or ‘writing’ on the child's body that (re)produces certain sociocultural understandings about mothering, sustainability and childhood(s) in a Nordic context embraced by western consumerism. By considering the limitations of the approach taken to drawing wider conclusions about motherhoods, identity construction and clothing, this article advances our understanding of the development of particular middle‐class maternal subjectivities seeking to problematize mass consumerism through childrenswear, and how idea(l)s concerning gender and childhood(s) are being (re)produced in and through clothing.
The influence of autogenic training on the physical properties of skin and cardiac autonomic activity in postmenopausal women: an exploratory study
Authors: Sakai Shingo , Inoue‐Sato Mayumi , Amemiya Rei , Murakami Motoko , Inagaki Kazuki , Sakairi Yosuke
Published: July 2019

Background

Autogenic training (AT) is a major relaxation training technique whose clinical efficacy has been verified in dermatology. Many reports demonstrate ameliorated skin conditions in AT‐treated subjects with reduced psychological stress. However, no studies have examined the effects of AT on the skin of postmenopausal women.

Objectives

We examine the influences of AT on the physical properties of skin and cardiac autonomic activity in postmenopausal women.

Methods

Postmenopausal women were classed into an AT group and a control one. The women in the AT group were mentored by a professional to practice AT twice a day for 7 weeks. The women in the control group were instructed to close their eyes for 3 minutes instead of AT. Hydration of the stratum corneum (SC), transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin elasticity and heart‐rate variability (HRV) were measured before and after the study period to examine how they changed.

Results

SC hydration and skin elasticity of the cheek, increased in both groups, and the increase was significantly higher in the AT group (n = 14) than in the control group (n = 12) (P < 0.05, Cohen’s d = 1.03; P < 0.05, Cohen’s d = 0.99; respectively). TEWL did not change in either group. LF/HF was lower in the AT group than in the control group (P < 0.05, Cohen’s d = 0.91).

Conclusion

AT increased SC hydration and skin elasticity with changes in the balance of autonomic nervous system activity in postmenopausal women, implying that AT may have improvement effects on aged skin by menopause.
Association of programmed death‐1 gene polymorphisms with the risk of basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Fathi Farshid , Ebrahimi Milad , Eslami Asma , Hafezi Hossein , Eskandari Nahid , Motedayyen Hossein
Published: July 2019

Environmental and genetic factors play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) defined as the most common cancer of skin. Programmed death‐1 (PD‐1), encoded by programmed cell death‐1 (PDCD1) gene, serves as an inhibitory molecule in the suppression of immune responses and a risk factor in the development of different cancers. In this study, we investigated the role of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within PDCD1 gene, and haplotypes defined by these SNPs, in the development of BCC in an Iranian population. Whole blood samples were obtained from 210 BCC and 320 healthy subjects. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood samples, polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) was used to genotype determinations of PD1.3 (rs11568821) and PD1.5 (rs2227981) SNPs, and 4 haplotypes were constructed by PDCD1 SNPs. The frequency of G allele of PD1.3 was significantly higher in BCC patients than healthy subjects (p < 0.02), while these significant differences were not observed in the frequencies of PD1.5 alleles between BCC and healthy subjects. Moreover, we found that there were no statistically significant differences in PD1.3 and PD1.5 genotypes between BCC and control groups. Of all estimated haplotypes for PDCD1, only AC haplotype was associated with BCC (OR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.06–0.79, p < 0.01). These findings suggest that PD1.3G allele and AC haplotype of PDCD1 contribute to BCC in the Iranian population. However, further studies in different populations with larger sample size are required to confirm this study.
Europeanisation and the Youth Guarantee: The case of France
Authors: Bussi Margherita , Graziano Paolo
Published: July 2019

In 2013, the European Council approved the Youth Guarantee (YG) to counteract youth unemployment. Because of its specific features, the YG is useful for understanding whether the EU has triggered policy change in national youth unemployment policies. Contrary to most of the literature on similar topics, we focused in this study on the effect of this specific European measure rather than on broader EU strategies or policies. The study contributes to the literature by qualifying the degree of fit/misfit and suggesting a counterfactual analysis, using the case of France. We first situate the article within the broader Europeanisation debate and present our research design. The second section introduces the policy structure of the YG and investigates youth unemployment policy in France, prior to and after the European initiative. The third section discusses whether the French youth unemployment policy would have been developed in the same way without the YG. A final section concludes.
Sudden cardiac death: an update
Authors: Isbister Julia , Semsarian Christopher
Published: July 2019

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a devastating and all too common result of both acquired and genetic heart diseases. The profound sadness endured by families is compounded by the risk many of these deaths confer upon surviving relatives. For those with known cardiac disease, disease‐specific therapy and risk stratification are key to reducing sudden death. For families of a SCD victim, uncovering a definitive cause of death can help relieve the agonising uncertainty and is a vital first step in screening surviving relatives and instituting therapy to reduce SCD risk. Increasing knowledge about the molecular mechanisms and genetic drivers of malignant arrhythmias in the diverse clinical entities that can cause SCD is vital if we are to optimise risk stratification and personalise patient care. Advances in diagnostic tools, disease‐specific therapy and defibrillator technology are improving outcomes for patients and their families but there is still much progress to be made.
Cooperative game‐theoretic features of cost sharing in location‐routing
Authors: Osicka Ondrej , Guajardo Mario , van Oost Thibault
Published: July 2019

While the interest in both collaborative logistics and location‐routing has grown considerably, horizontal cooperation in location‐routing problems remains fairly unattended. This article studies several variants of the location‐routing problem using a cooperative game‐theoretic framework. The authors derive characteristics in terms of subadditivity, convexity, and non‐emptiness of the core. Moreover, for some of the game variants, it is shown that for facility opening costs substantially larger than the costs associated with routing, the core is always nonempty. The theoretical results are supported by numerical experiments aimed at illustrating the properties and deriving insights. Among others, it is observed that, while in general it is not possible to guarantee core allocations, in a huge majority of cases the core is nonempty.
Tanshinone I inhibits the growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma via suppressing JAK/STAT3 signalling pathway
Authors: Wang Weiguo , Li Jinsong , Ding Zhiyu , Li Yuezhan , Wang Jianlong , Chen Shijie , Miao Jinglei
Published: July 2019

Tanshinone I (Tan I) is a widely used diterpene compound derived from the traditional Chinese herb Danshen. Increasing evidence suggests that it exhibits anti‐cancer activity in various human cancers. However, the in vitro and in vivo effects of Tan I on osteosarcoma (OS) remain inadequately elucidated, especially those against tumour metastasis. Our results showed that Tan I significantly inhibited OS cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion and induced cell apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, treatment with 10 and 20 mg/kg Tan I effectively suppressed tumour growth in subcutaneous xenografts and orthotopic xenograft mouse models. In addition, Tan I significantly inhibited tumour metastasis in intracardiac inoculation xenograft models. The results also showed that Tan I‐induced increased expression of the proapoptotic gene Bax and decreased expression of the anti‐apoptotic gene Bcl‐2 is the possible mechanism of its anti‐cancer effects. Tan I was also found to abolish the IL‐6‐mediated activation of the JAK/STAT3 signalling pathway. Conclusively, this study is the first to show that Tan I suppresses OS growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo, suggesting it may be a potential novel and efficient drug candidate for the treatment of OS progression.
Ontogenetic change in the amount and position of slow‐oxidative myotomal muscle in relationship to regional endothermy in juvenile yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares
Authors: Dickson Juleen M. , Dickson Kathryn A.
Published: July 2019

Myotomal slow‐oxidative muscle (SM) powers continuous swimming and generates heat needed to maintain elevated locomotor muscle temperatures (regional endothermy) in tunas. This study describes how the amount and distribution of myotomal SM increases with fish size and age in juvenile yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares in relationship to the development of regional endothermy. In T. albacares juveniles 40–74 mm fork length (LF; n = 23) raised from fertilised eggs at the Inter‐American Tropical Tuna Commission Achotines Laboratory in Panama and larger juveniles (118–344 mm LF; n = 5) collected by hook and line off of Oahu, Hawaii, USA, SM was identified by histochemical staining for the mitochondrial enzyme succinic dehydrogenase or by colour (in the two largest individuals). The cross‐sectional area of myotomal SM at 60% LF, a position with maximal percentage of SM in larger T. albacares, increased exponentially with LF. The percentage of total cross‐sectional area composed of SM at 60% LF increased significantly with both LF and age, suggesting that SM growth occurs throughout the size range of T. albacares juveniles studied. In addition, the percentage of SM at 60% LF that is medial increased asymptotically with LF. The increases in amount of SM and medial SM, along with the development of the counter‐current heat‐exchanger blood vessels that retain heat, allow larger tuna juveniles to maintain elevated and relatively stable SM temperatures, facilitating range expansion into cooler waters.
Evaluation of the effects of different stocking densities on growth and stress responses of juvenile hybrid grouper ♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ Epinephelus lanceolatus in recirculating aquaculture systems
Authors: Shao Tianyun , Chen Xiaoyan , Zhai Dingxuan , Wang Tao , Long Xiaohua , Liu Zhaopu
Published: July 2019

This study was aimed at evaluating the physiological and metabolic responses of juvenile hybrid grouper ♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ Epinephelus lanceolatus to stocking density. Hybrid grouper juveniles (mean ± SE = 25.43 ± 2.36 g live mass) were stocked for 22 weeks in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) under four different densities: low stocking density (LD; 1.03 kg m−3), medium stocking density (MD; 2.06 kg m−3), high stocking density (HD; 3.09 kg m−3) and extra‐high stocking density (EHD; 4.11 kg m−3). Biometric variables were recorded and plasma, liver, intestine and stomach samples were taken for biochemical analysis at the end of the experimental period. Final stocking densities were 6.27, 16.04, 23.77 and 28.32 kg m−3, respectively, with significant differences in growth performance. Our results showed that the best growth rates and feed utilisation occurred in the MD group. Higher plasma cortisol and glucose levels and lower triglyceride levels reflected the stress responses in the EHD group. Moreover, the activity of aspartate and alanine transaminases was elevated in the HD and EHD groups due to enhanced gluconeogenesis. The activity of the digestive enzyme pepsin significantly increased in the MD group. We found that 2.06–3.09 kg m−3 is the most suitable starting density for culturing juvenile hybrid grouper in recirculating aquaculture systems.
The Bottlenecks of Free Trade: Paraguay's Mau Cars and Contraband Markets in the Triple Frontier
Authors: Schuster Caroline E.
Published: July 2019

En la Triple Frontera entre Argentina, Brasil y Paraguay, la ciudad paraguaya de Ciudad del Este es famosa por los autos robados. Dado que Ciudad del Este es un embotellamiento para las rutas de contrabando en el hemisferio, el mercado del contrabando—o actividades mau—arroja una serie de preguntas sobre la legitimidad y el capitalismo comercial. Muestro cómo los autos mau se articulan en una serie de embotellamientos, desde ‘hacer fila’ en el puente internacional, el trabajo de ‘cazacoches’ que confiscan los vehículos robados, hasta una fuerza élite de la aduana encargada de la vigilancia de los autos de contrabando de Paraguay. Mau es una expresión y un mecanismo para regular el capitalismo de frontera, la acumulación y el libre comercio. Por lo tanto, se debe tratar a mau como una forma reguladora de gobernanza económica en tensión dinámica con la terminología pública y oficial del comercio, como la “integración” económica y la “libre circulación” que dominan el mercado común del Mercosur. [Burocracia, capitalismo fronterizo, contrabando, economía informal, fronteras, Paraguay, Triple Frontera, zona franca]
Competence areas for registered nurses and podiatrists in chronic wound care, and their role in wound care practice
Authors: Kielo Emilia , Suhonen Riitta , Salminen Leena , Stolt Minna
Published: July 2019

Aims and objectives

To identify general competence areas for graduating registered nurses and podiatrists providing chronic wound care.

Background

The provision of care for chronic wounds involves a team of multiple professionals, and registered nurses and podiatrists play an important role. However, previous studies have found that registered nurses have limited competence in wound care. In addition, there are no standardised international competence areas for the provision of chronic wound care by registered nurses and podiatrists.

Design

A qualitative design was used in this study.

Methods

The data were collected using six focus‐group interviews with the following professionals: (a) registered nurses; (b) authorised wound care nurses; (c) nurse educators; (d) physicians; (e) podiatrists; and (f) podiatry educators (N = 23). The data were analysed using inductive and deductive content analysis. COREQ guidelines were followed, See Appendix S1.

Results

The competence areas for registered nurses and podiatrists providing care for chronic wounds include knowledge, skills and performance in anatomy and physiology; aetiology, care and prevention of chronic wounds; and wound management and assessment. The competence areas also include a set of attitudes and values relating to chronic wound care and patients with chronic wounds.

Conclusions

In nursing and podiatry education and in working life, teaching should focus on these areas of competence in chronic wound care. This would standardise and integrate education on wound care, especially that of chronic wounds.

Relevance to clinical practice

Wound care is an important part of clinical practice in nursing and podiatry. It is suggested that registered nurses and podiatrists need general competence in chronic wound care to carry out evidence‐based, safe, high‐quality and cost‐effective care. These results could be used to define registered nurses’ and podiatrists’ competence areas and roles in evidence‐based wound care as independent healthcare professionals.
Is nurses’ self‐esteem interwoven with patients’ achievements? The concept of patient‐invested contingent self‐esteem
Authors: Duprez Veerle , Vansteenkiste Maarten , Beeckman Dimitri , Verhaeghe Sofie , Van Hecke Ann
Published: July 2019

Objectives

To explore the notion of patient‐invested contingent self‐esteem (Pa‐CSE) and investigate its association to nurses’ self‐reported engagement in controlling or autonomy‐supportive interactions with chronic care patients.

Background

Considering the high number of patients sub‐optimally managing their chronic condition, nurses might experience a drop and rise in self‐worth when patients fail and succeed, respectively, in managing their chronic condition. This dynamic has not received prior research attention.

Design

Multivariate analysis employing cross‐sectional data according to STROBE guidelines.

Methods

Self‐reports among nurses employed in chronic care (N = 394) from eight randomly selected hospitals in Belgium. Exploratory factor analysis and stepwise linear regression analyses were conducted.

Results

Success‐based and failure‐based orientations could be distinguished and refer to nurses' tendency to associate, respectively, patients’ successes with feelings of professional success and self‐worth and patients’ failures with feelings of professional failure, shame and inadequacy. Nurses’ self‐esteem is fairly interwoven with patients’ achievements in the management of their chronic condition. A success‐based orientation was positively related to autonomy‐supportive care in case a failure‐based orientation was low. Nurses with a simultaneous success‐based and failure‐based orientation interacted in a more controlling way.

Conclusions

The findings of this study suggest that basing one's self‐worth on patients' accomplishments may be a double‐edged sword. Although tying one's personal glory to the successes of one's patient is related to greater patient participation and support of autonomy, these effects only emerge if nurses' self‐worth is not interwoven with patients' failures. In fact, having both success‐ and failure‐oriented contingent self‐worth is related to a more pressuring approach.

Relevance to clinical practice

To prevent nurses from developing inferior professional feelings when their patients fail to manage their condition, a reflective stance towards the impact of patients’ behaviour on the nurses' professional feeling of (in)adequacy is an important step to deal with such situations.
An assessment of survivorship care needs of patients with colorectal cancer: The experiences and perspectives of hospital nurses
Authors: Witte Henriette , Handberg Charlotte
Published: July 2019

Purpose

To describe and analyse hospital nurses' experiences and perspectives of needs assessment in relation to colorectal cancer patients' survivorship care and rehabilitation needs.

Method

The methodology and design of this study was phenomenological‐hermeneutic, and the analysis was performed by Ricoeur's theory of interpretation. Twelve hospital nurses working within the care of patients with colorectal cancer participated in four focus group interviews between February–March 2018. Focus group interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed. The study adhered to the COREQ checklist.

Results

Our analysis showed that nurses experienced challenges and barriers in conducting needs assessment. These challenges were described in three main themes. Encountering paradigms brought to light the difficulties relating to implementation of needs assessment into daily practice in the complex context of a hospital setting. Patient involvement could be challenging because of insufficient involvement and inadequate health literacy of patients in relation to needs assessment. A negative attitude towards systematic needs assessment among nurses could present a barrier because of their role as gatekeepers.

Conclusion

The findings point to important elements that are necessary to consider when planning cancer survivorship care in the hospital setting so that all patients experience the best possible cancer trajectory. These insights can guide future clinical practice in the endeavour to ensure more systematic initiatives towards cancer rehabilitation.

Relevance to clinical practice

Based on our findings, cancer survivorship care needs assessment in the hospital setting should encompass specific guidelines on needs assessment and systematic implementation of these guidelines by involving hospital management, nurses and patients through use of visionary information and communication. Implementation of these guidelines would be supported by securing knowledge on cancer survivorship care for all hospital health professionals. Health literacy should be considered in formulating guidelines that enhance involvement of patients by use of patient‐centred communication.
Short implants (5‐8 mm) vs long implants (≥10 mm) with augmentation in atrophic posterior jaws: A meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Chen Suya , Ou Qianmin , Wang Yan , Lin Xuefeng
Published: July 2019

The aim of this systematic review was to compare the survival rate, marginal bone loss changes and complications between short implants (5‐8 mm) and long implants (≥10 mm) with a bone‐augmented procedure in the posterior jaw. An electronic search of the MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase and Cochrane Library databases through September 2018 was done to identify randomised controlled trials (RCT) assessing short implants and long implants with at least a 1‐year follow‐up period after loading. A quantitative meta‐analysis was conducted on the survival rate, marginal bone loss changes and complications. Ten RCTs met the inclusion criteria. There were no significant differences in the survival rate (RR: 1.01; 95% CI: [0.99, 1.03]; P = .32) and complications (RR: 0.48; 95% CI: [0.20, 1.17]; P = .11) between the two groups. Compared with the long implant group, the short implant group had a lower marginal bone loss change, and the effect measure was significant (mean difference: −0.13; 95% CI: [−0.20, −0.06]; P < .05). This systematic review showed no difference between the survival rates and complications of short implants (5‐8 mm) and long implants (≥10 mm). The marginal bone loss changes in short implants are lower than those in long implants.
Seasonal temperature, the lunar cycle and diurnal rhythms interact in a combinatorial manner to modulate genomic responses to the environment in a reef‐building coral
Authors: Wuitchik Daniel M. , Wang DongZhuo , Pells Troy J. , Karimi Kamran , Ward Selina , Vize Peter D.
Published: July 2019

Rhythms of various periodicities drive cyclical processes in organisms ranging from single cells to the largest mammals on earth, and on scales from cellular physiology to global migrations. The molecular mechanisms that generate circadian behaviours in model organisms have been well studied, but longer phase cycles and interactions between cycles with different periodicities remain poorly understood. Broadcast spawning corals are one of the best examples of an organism integrating inputs from multiple environmental parameters, including seasonal temperature, the lunar phase and hour of the day, to calibrate their annual reproductive event. We present a deep RNA‐sequencing experiment utilizing multiple analyses to differentiate transcriptomic responses modulated by the interactions between the three aforementioned environmental parameters. Acropora millepora was sampled over multiple 24‐hr periods throughout a full lunar month and at two seasonal temperatures. Temperature, lunar and diurnal cycles produce distinct transcriptomic responses, with interactions between all three variables identifying a core set of genes. These core genes include mef2, a developmental master regulator, and two heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins, one of which is known to post‐transcriptionally interact with mef2 and with biological clock‐regulating mRNAs. Interactions between diurnal and temperature differences impacted a range of core processes ranging from biological clocks to stress responses. Genes involved with developmental processes and transcriptional regulation were impacted by the lunar phase and seasonal temperature differences. Lastly, there was a diurnal and lunar phase interaction in which genes involved with RNA‐processing and translational regulation were differentially regulated. These data illustrate the extraordinary levels of transcriptional variation across time in a simple radial cnidarian in response to the environment under normal conditions.
Variable hybridization outcomes in trout are predicted by historical fish stocking and environmental context
Authors: Mandeville Elizabeth G. , Walters Annika W. , Nordberg Brittany J. , Higgins Karly H. , Burckhardt Jason C. , Wagner Catherine E.
Published: July 2019

Hybridization can profoundly affect the genomic composition and phenotypes of closely related species, and provides an opportunity to identify mechanisms that maintain reproductive isolation between species. Recent evidence suggests that hybridization outcomes within a species pair can vary across locations. However, we still do not know how variable outcomes of hybridization are across geographic replicates, and what mechanisms drive that variation. In this study, we described hybridization outcomes across 27 locations in the North Fork Shoshone River basin (Wyoming, USA) where native Yellowstone cutthroat trout and introduced rainbow trout co‐occur. We used genomic data and hierarchical Bayesian models to precisely identify ancestry of hybrid individuals. Hybridization outcomes varied across locations. In some locations, only rainbow trout and advanced backcrossed hybrids towards rainbow trout were present, while trout in other locations had a broader range of ancestry, including both parental species and first‐generation hybrids. Later‐generation intermediate hybrids were rare relative to backcrossed hybrids and rainbow trout individuals. Using an individual‐based simulation, we found that outcomes of hybridization in the North Fork Shoshone River basin deviate substantially from what we would expect under null expectations of random mating and no selection against hybrids. Since this deviation implies that some mechanisms of reproductive isolation function to maintain parental taxa and a diversity of hybrid types, we then modelled hybridization outcomes as a function of environmental variables and stocking history that are likely to affect prezygotic barriers to hybridization. Variables associated with history of fish stocking were the strongest predictors of hybridization outcomes, followed by environmental variables that might affect overlap in spawning time and location.
Attention and encapsulation
Authors: Quilty‐Dunn Jake
Published: July 2019

The question of whether perception is encapsulated from cognition has been a major topic in the study of perception in the past decade. One locus of debate concerns the role of attention. Some theorists argue that attention is a vehicle for widespread violations of encapsulation; others argue that certain forms of cognitively driven attention are compatible with encapsulation, especially if attention only modulates inputs. This paper argues for an extreme thesis: no effect of attention, whether on the inputs to perception or on perceptual processing itself, constitutes a violation of the encapsulation of perception.
An A666G mutation in transmembrane helix 5 of the yeast multidrug transporter Pdr5 increases drug efflux by enhancing cooperativity between transport sites
Authors: Arya Nidhi , Rahman Hadiar , Rudrow Andrew , Wagner Manuel , Schmitt Lutz , Ambudkar Suresh V. , Golin John
Published: July 2019

Resistance to antimicrobial and chemotherapeutic agents is a significant clinical problem. Overexpression of multidrug efflux pumps often creates broad‐spectrum resistance in cancers and pathogens. We describe a mutation, A666G, in the yeast ABC transporter Pdr5 that shows greater resistance to most of the tested compounds than does an isogenic wild‐type strain. This mutant exhibited enhanced resistance without increasing either the amount of protein in the plasma membrane or the ATPase activity. In fluorescence quenching transport assays with rhodamine 6G in purified plasma membrane vesicles, the initial rates of rhodamine 6G fluorescence quenching of both the wild type and mutant showed a strong dependence on the ATP concentration, but were about twice as high in the latter. Plots of the initial rate of fluorescence quenching versus ATP concentration exhibited strong cooperativity that was further enhanced in the A666G mutant. Resistance to imazalil sulfate was about 3–4x as great in the A666G mutant strain as in the wild type. When this transport substrate was used to inhibit the rhodamine 6G transport, the A666G mutant inhibition curves also showed greater cooperativity than the wild‐type strain. Our results suggest a novel and important mechanism: under selection, Pdr5 mutants can increase drug resistance by improving cooperative interactions between drug transport sites.
Multifaceted roles of thrombopoietin in hematopoietic stem cell regulation
Authors: Nakamura‐Ishizu Ayako , Suda Toshio
Published: July 2019

Thrombopoietin (Thpo) and its receptor myeloid proliferative leukemia (Mpl) were initially identified as the cytokine signaling that stimulates megakaryopoiesis and platelet production. However, Thpo–Mpl signaling has also been widely characterized as one of the few cytokine systems that directly regulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. The ability of Thpo signaling to stimulate hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self‐renewal has led to the development and utilization of Thpo mimetic drugs to treat hematopoietic diseases with restricted function of HSCs, such as aplastic anemia. This review will cover the mechanisms by which Thpo–Mpl signaling regulates HSCs.
Economic Policy Uncertainty Spillovers in Booms and Busts
Authors: Caggiano Giovanni , Castelnuovo Efrem , Figueres Juan Manuel
Published: July 2019

We estimate a nonlinear VAR to quantify the impact of US economic policy uncertainty shocks on the Canadian unemployment rate in booms and busts. We find strong evidence in favour of asymmetric spillover effects. Unemployment in Canada is shown to react more strongly to uncertainty shocks in economic busts. Such shocks explain about 13% of the variance of the 2‐year ahead forecast error of the Canadian unemployment rate in recessions vs. just 2% during economic booms. Counterfactual simulations point to a novel ‘economic policy uncertainty spillovers channel’. According to this channel, jumps in US uncertainty foster economic policy uncertainty in Canada in the first place and, because of the latter, lead to a temporary increase in the Canadian unemployment rate. Evidence of asymmetric spillover effects are also found for the UK economy, whose trade intensity with the US is low. This result is consistent with a transmission channel other than trade behind our findings.
Comparison of the microbial flora from different orthodontic archwires using a cultivation method and PCR: A prospective study
Authors: Hepyukselen Busra Guven , Cesur Mine Gecgelen
Published: July 2019

Structured Abstract

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of superelastic nickel‐titanium (SE NiTi), copper‐nickel‐titanium (CuNiTi) and titanium‐molybdenum alloy (TMA) archwires with different surface properties on dental plaque retention and microbial colonization.

Setting and Sample Population

Totally 25 individuals, consisting of 16 girls and nine boys with mean age of 15.69 ± 1.70, were included in this study.

Material and Methods

The effects of the SE NiTi, CuNiTi and TMA archwires with different surface properties on the amount of Streptoccocus sp and Lactobacillus sp were investigated with three different parameters including clinical periodontal indexes, microbial swab and archwire samples. Phenotypic isolation was performed from microbial swab and archwire samples using culture method; genotypic isolations were performed by the polymerase chain reaction method.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference between SE NiTi, CuNiTi and TMA archwires in terms of periodontal parameters (P > .05). When microbial swabs and archwires samples from different archwire groups were evaluated by culture method, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups (P > .05). A statistically significant difference was found between the amount of Lactobacillus sp in the swab samples of the CuNiTi archwire after the purification period (P = .023). S mutans were found to be more quantity than other bacterial types in all archwires.

Conclusion

The amount of microbial involvement was found to be lower in CuNiTi archwires than in the post‐purification period. This may be due to the antimicrobial effect of copper.
Oral keratosis of unknown significance shares genomic overlap with oral dysplasia
Authors: Villa Alessandro , Hanna Glenn J. , Kacew Alec , Frustino Jennifer , Hammerman Peter S. , Woo Sook‐Bin
Published: July 2019

Objectives

To identify molecular characteristics of keratosis of unknown significance and to nominate pathways of molecular progression to oral cancer. Our work could provide a rationale for monitoring and treating these lesions definitively.

Methods

Patients with oral leukoplakia were eligible for our prospective observational study. We correlated alterations in cancer‐associated genes with clinical and histopathologic variables (keratosis of unknown significance vs. moderate‐to‐severe dysplasia) and compared these alterations to a previously molecularly characterized oral cancer population.

Results

Of 20 enrolled patients, 13 (65%) had evidence of keratosis of unknown significance, while seven (35%) had dysplasia. Nine patients (45%) developed oral cancer (4/13 with keratosis of unknown significance, 5/7 with dysplasia). At a median follow‐up of 67 (range 22–144) months, median overall survival was significantly shorter for patients with dysplasia (hazard ratio 0.11, p = .02). KMT2C and TP53 alterations were most frequent (75% and 35%, respectively). There were molecular similarities between keratosis of unknown significance and dysplasia patients, with no significant differences in mutational frequency among genes with ≥15% rate of alteration.

Conclusions

Among patients with leukoplakia, both patients with keratosis of unknown significance and patients with dysplasia developed oral cancer. Molecular alterations between these two groups were similar at this sample size.
Efficacy and safety of tipepidine as adjunctive therapy in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Dehbozorghi Sara , Bagheri Sayna , Moradi Kamyar , Shokraee Kamyar , Mohammadi Mohammad‐Reza , Akhondzadeh Shahin
Published: July 2019

Aim

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of tipepidine as an add‐on to methylphenidate in the drug treatment of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods

This study was an 8‐week, randomized, parallel group, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial recruiting 53 ADHD‐diagnosed children. Patients were randomly divided to receive methylphenidate + tipepidine or methylphenidate + placebo for 8 weeks. Participants were assessed using the parent version of ADHD Rating Scale‐IV and the Clinical Global Impression scale at baseline, at week 4, and at the end of the trial. Moreover, the safety and tolerability of the treatment strategies were compared.

Results

On general linear model repeated measures analysis a significant effect was seen for time × treatment interaction on the total and hyperactivity–impulsivity subscales of the Parent ADHD Rating Scale‐IV during the trial period (Greenhouse–Geisser corrected: F = 3.45, d.f. = 1.52, P = 0.049, and F = 5.17, d.f. = 1.52, P = 0.014, respectively). The effect for time × treatment interaction, however, was not significant on Clinical Global Impression‐Severity scale (Greenhouse–Geisser corrected: F = 1.79, d.f. = 1.43, P = 0.182). The frequencies of adverse events were similar between the two groups.

Conclusion

Eight weeks of treatment with tipepidine, as a supplementary medication, resulted in satisfactory efficacy and safety of the adjuvant therapy in management of patients with ADHD. Rigorous investigations, however, involving larger sample sizes, more extended treatment periods, and dose responses should be considered.
Mediating and Moderating Roles of Trust in Government in Effective Risk Rumor Management: A Test Case of Radiation‐Contaminated Seafood in South Korea
Authors: Paek Hye‐Jin , Hove Thomas
Published: July 2019

This study has two aims: to identify effective strategies for managing false rumors about risks and to investigate the roles that basic and situational trust in government play in that process. Online experiment data were collected nationwide from 915 adults in South Korea. They were exposed to a false rumor about radiation‐contaminated seafood and were randomly assigned to one of three rumor response conditions (refutation, denial, attack the attacker). One‐way ANOVA indicated that the refutation response yielded the highest level of situational trust in government response (TGR). Results of moderated mediation models using the PROCESS Macro indicated the following. (1) The refutation response had a positive effect on TGR, and the attack response had a negative effect. (2) There were significant interaction effects between the attack response and preexisting basic trust in government (BTG) in that the attack response had a negative effect on TGR only when BTG was low. (3) TGR significantly mediated the relationship between each of the three rumor responses and two dependent variables (intentions for rumor dissemination and for unwarranted actions), but in dramatically different ways across the responses. This study provides evidence for the superior effectiveness of the refutation rumor response and identifies specific roles of trust in government in the risk rumor management process.
Data-Driven Transformations in Small Area Estimation
Authors: Rojas-Perilla Natalia , Pannier Sören , Schmid Timo , Tzavidis Nikos
Published: July 2019

Small area models typically depend on the validity of model assumptions. For example, a commonly used version of the empirical best predictor relies on the Gaussian assumptions of the error terms of the linear mixed regression model: a feature rarely observed in applications with real data. The paper tackles the potential lack of validity of the model assumptions by using data-driven scaled transformations as opposed to ad hoc chosen transformations. Different types of transformations are explored, the estimation of the transformation parameters is studied in detail under the linear mixed regression model and transformations are used in small area prediction of linear and non-linear parameters. The use of scaled transformations is crucial as it enables fitting the linear mixed regression model with standard software and hence it simplifies the work of the data analyst. Mean-squared error estimation that accounts for the uncertainty due to the estimation of the transformation parameters is explored by using the parametric and semiparametric (wild) bootstrap. The methods proposed are illustrated by using real survey and census data for estimating income deprivation parameters for municipalities in the Mexican state of Guerrero. Simulation studies and the results from the application show that using carefully selected, data-driven transformations can improve small area estimation.
Well‐being and uncertainty in health care practice
Authors: George Riya E , Lowe Wendy A
Published: July 2019

Background

Well‐being and uncertainty are intimately related, although less easily defined from a health care perspective. Uncertainty is intrinsic to both the science and practice of health care, and dealing with uncertainty can bring feelings of stress, avoidance and resistance, all of which are detrimental to an individual's well‐being.

Context

Contrary to the majority of the literature, which suggests promoting resilience as a way to improve health care professionals’ well‐being, our paper argues that a better understanding of the relationship between well‐being and uncertainty can support health care professionals in managing the complexity of everyday clinical interactions.

Innovation

Various strategies and educational exercises around being comfortable in not knowing, preserving uncertainty through effective communication and the use of reflective silence are discussed to support clinical educators in recognising the impact of uncertainty on individual well‐being.

The relationship between uncertainty and well‐being is poorly understood and vaguely defined …

Implications

Our paper calls for a broader understanding of the term well‐being, recognising the interplay between individual and environmental factors that contribute to maintaining our well‐being. The recommended strategies and exercises can be considered in faculty member development sessions and used to promote the incorporation of curriculum initiatives in this area.