bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semi-Autonomous Trolley Cart
Authors: Hin Teoh Thean , Choon Tan Wee , Sunthra Sakaran Siva Prabhu a/l , Ahmad Asha’ari Alif Mikhail , Shamsul Azhar Muhammad Syahrul Izwan , Manimaran Indiran , Kumaran Yaalinthiran
Published: October 2021

Semi-Autonomous Trolley Cart is design to reduce the chances of flight attendants from getting injuries while performing their duties. This project will help flight attendants to move the trolley cart comfortably and smoothly. The weight of this trolley including its loads weighs at approximately 25KG. It can move by itself using a rocker switch as this trolley is equipped with line following sensor underneath it. This trolley is also equipped with some electrical component. There is a line following sensor underneath the trolley. This sensor will follow a straight line that will be place along the aisle using a black tape. This project primarily focused on the trolley being a semi-autonomous and it will be controlled by switch.
Projection of Stress on Slewing Post for Gangway Using Finite Element Method from Experimental Analysis
Authors: Yob M. S. , Tuan Pail T. A. , Mat Tahir N. A. , Kurdi O. , Ab Latif M. J. , Raj V. Y.
Published: October 2021

Slewing operation involves a heavy loading and high cyclic movements. With no windows for error, operators and engineers need to operate while maintaining the performance of slewing. Sometimes, the strength of a components changes after repaired or modified. Thus, in order to predict the performance and safety of a gangway after repaired or modifies, this paper intended to predict the factor safety of a slewing post for gangway by using combination of experiment and FEA. This study was conducted on an actual slewing that has been repaired and slightly modified. The slewing was tested on load test for up to 14752 Kg and then the stress data was compared to the FEA analysis. For further analysis, FEA was conducted at 34 tons load and the stress was projected using the factor coefficient obtained in the comparison. The findings shows that the slewing is safe to be operated at 34 tones and below as the overall factor of safety is 1.2.
Thermal comfort analysis of a naturally ventilated regular size room equipped with ceiling fan
Authors: Maheshwar A , Ramesh Krishnan L , Gangadhara Kiran Kumar L
Published: October 2021

Residential and commercial buildings in India being the bigger contributors to energy consumption possess large energy-saving potential. There is a significant increase in the use of air conditioning to achieve thermal comfort, thereby increasing the total energy consumption and related CO2 emissions. Ceiling fans are common in almost every habitable space of Indian residences, can be used as a hybrid ventilation system. A ceiling fan having exceptionally low energy consumption can be used to achieve thermal comfort thereby limiting the use of air conditioners. In this study, thermal comfort analysis was carried out on a naturally ventilated regular size room equipped with ceiling fan. The room is 3.96m x 3.96m x 3.05m in size. Ceiling fan inside the room generates the air flow and thermal fields. 166 rpm, 215 rpm and 250 rpm are the three fan speeds selected for this study. Both Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation and experimental analysis was conducted. By analysing both numerical and experimental results, 215 rpm fan speed is selected as an optimum speed to achieve thermal comfort in regular size room. This proves fan can be used as a stand-alone device to achieve thermal comfort, where the indoor temperature is maintained at 28°C.
Numerical investigations on phase change material-based battery thermal management system
Authors: Balavinayagam K , K S Unnikrishnan , Rohinikumar B
Published: October 2021

Battery module is the power source of electric vehicle (EV). Temperature field of the module affects its performance and life. Battery thermal management system (BTMS) with phase change material (PCM) ensures temperature uniformity within the module. In this paper, two-dimensional model was developed to simulate the thermal and cyclic performances of different PCMs so as to select the suitable one to act as a medium for controlling the temperature of battery in the BTMS. Octadecane, Eicosane, Docosane, Tetracosane and RT25 are the five different considered and they were exposed different thermal conditions through four case studies. Simulation of the five PCMs were carried out in four different cases with COMSOL Multiphysics software. Docosane takes 4500 s to reach the threshold temperature of 60°C and 8790 s to cool to ambient temperature which is performing fairly good in all the PCMs and it was selected as the PCM in BTMS. Three-dimensional model was developed to simulate the BTMS and simulation was carried out with COMSOL Multiphysics software. The battery module is within the acceptable temperature range while heating with a maximum temperature of 52.1°C. The desired temperature uniformity of the battery was observed from the results. PCM was effectively used in the BTMS with a maximum value of maximum liquid fraction of 0.9 achieved in 9210 s.
Experimental Study on the effect of Di-Ethyl Carbonate in Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of CI Engine Fueled with Karanja Oil Blended
Authors: Mathan Raj V , Bharadwaj Chetan , Mandal Yash , Manikandaraja G
Published: October 2021

In today’s world where the earth chokes on the pollution caused everyday by the human society the need for alternative means of fuels is now more than ever. We need to find alternative fuel sources as soon as possible as the health and environmental problems caused by the fossil fuels, we use on a daily basis now exceed the benefits provided by them. However, fuel sources which are clean in nature such as hydrogen have not been researched thoroughly enough for them to be implemented in practical use and power sources such as electric power though researched thoroughly and in current use cannot be implemented on a larger scale in such a short period of time. Hence biofuels I.e., fuels extracted from feed crops are our best chance to reduce the effect of pollution caused by fossil fuels. Vegetable oils are one such fuel source that can potentially replace the fossil fuels with none or minimal modifications to the existing engines. In this experimental study, performance, emission and combustion characteristics of Karanja oil blends (K-10, K-20, K-30) with mineral diesel and 5%DEC (Di-ethyl carbonate) additive were investigated in a CI engine at different engine loads and constant engine speed. Combustion analysis revealed that the combustion duration increased significantly even with smaller concentration of Karanja oil in the fuel blend.
Analysis of heat transfer characteristics in helically coiled heat exchanger using Al2O3 and CuO nanofluids
Authors: Muthiah CT , Arvind C , Sekar S , Giri R , Devanathan C , Girisankar S
Published: October 2021

Heat exchangers play a vital a role in engineering implementations across various domains of engineering. The advent of nanofluids have enabled and facilitated better modes of heat transfer in heat exchangers. An experimental run is conducted to note the heat transfer characteristics of a helical coil heat exchanger with Aluminium oxide-water, copper oxide-water based nanofluids at three different concentrations (0.1 %,0.2 %,0.3 %). It was observed that there was an increase in heat transfer during the usage of nanofluids when compared to the conventional water being used as a working fluid. The increased heat transfer resulted in an increased effectiveness of heat transfer of the heat exchanger when run with the Aluminium oxide nanofluid and copper oxide nanofluid than water. The heat transfer characteristics of copper oxide nanofluid were more effective and efficient when compared to Aluminium oxide nanofluid. The experimental results were simulated in ANSYS Fluent and the simulated results correlate with the experimental results with minimal deviation (<4%)
Investigation of after treatment technique to mitigate emission in IC Engine
Authors: Balaji G , Suriya M , Shirish S , Adith Murari M
Published: October 2021

Environmental pollution is a wide-reaching problem and it is likely to influence the health of the living population to a great extent. We need to mitigate the effects of harmful emissions before it is ungovernable. This project will concentrate on the reduction of NOx using ceria alumina catalyst, on a diesel engine as 5.2 kW water-cooled single-cylinder diesel engine. Solution and catalyst will play an important role in this process. Usually, the material is of high cost, here we have to choose low-cost material and solution. This leads to reduced nitrogen oxide (NOx) after treatment. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) based on a solution like aqueous urea. This paper discusses the development of a static mixer and SCR reactor compatible with CI engine.
Study on viscosity of MWCNT dispersed in ethylene glycol at different operating conditions for thermal applications
Authors: Kathir Kaman M D , Cheralathan M , Sharma Vedansh , Viswanathan Aditya
Published: October 2021

In recent times the development of nanotechnology has taken place at an unprecedented rate. Nano-fluids are one of the remarkable outcomes of the development of new technologies that can be used to increase the efficiency of thermal systems. Nanofluids, which consist of particles in nanometre size and a base fluid, have been hailed as a superior alternative compared to a common heat transfer fluid like water due to their better thermal properties and having many potential applications in many fields, especially in HVAC, electronic cooling, solar heating and cooling etc., The MWCNT-based nanofluid with water-ethylene glycol as base fluid is prepared by two-step method, the water and ethylene glycol are mixed in the ratio 80:20 and four different concentrations of nanofluids: 0% wt, 0.015% wt, 0.15% wt, 1.5% wt are prepared. Rheology analysis are made by using rheometer with temperature ranging from from 10° C to 50° C with steps of 10° C and shear rate was controlled with shear stress varying from 0-10 N/m2. The base fluid shows the Newtonian behaviour being shifted to Non-Newtonian Behaviour, specifically shear thinning behaviour. Rate of change of shear also changes with change in temperature and change in shear stress results change in viscosity with higher concentration of nanoparticles showing higher viscosity.
Effect of HTF flow direction, mass flow rate and fins on melting and solidification in a latent-heat-based thermal energy storage device
Authors: Akarsh A , Dirbude Sumer
Published: October 2021

Latent-heat-based thermal energy systems (LHTES) have commonly been used as a potential energy storage mode over any other mode of thermal energy storage. Many heat transfer enhancement techniques have been proposed over the past years. These techniques reduce the melting and solidification times. Most of these techniques focus on the phase change material (PCM). However, the flow direction of the heat transfer fluid (HTF) can affect the heat transfer performance and pumping power requirement of the system. In this paper, the effect of HTF-flow direction, HTF mass flow rate and addition of the fins on the melting and solidification of the PCM in a shell-and-tube type of energy storage is numerically studied. Two-dimensional transient simulations are performed with ANSYS-Fluent where the phase-change process is modelled using the enthalpy-porosity formulation. The model is verified and validated by comparing with the available experimental data. A reasonable match is observed. The validated model, is used to study the effects of various parameters, such as, mass flow rate of the HTF, and triangular fin (at a fixed fin pitch) for both charging and discharging of the PCM. Finally, an influence of flow direction on the melting and solidification time has been studied. It is found that the contribution of HTF mass flow rate, the addition of the fin and HTF flow directions respectively is 1.3-3.01%, 16.97-17.62%, and 1.3-1.77% of overall heat transfer performance. A major contribution to the enhancement of overall heat transfer of the system is from the addition of fins.
Effects of biodiesel-pentanol-diesel blends with varied EGR in a CRDI engine
Authors: Praveena V , Akshaykumar U , Nishad T
Published: October 2021

Emission standards are getting stricter day by day, due to the rise in the growth of automobiles globally. When compared to other IC engines, Diesel engines cause more harmful exhaust gas and this has led to potentially catastrophic impact on the environment like global warming and ozone layer depletion. To overcome this problem, we need renewable sources but since it is currently in high demand, this has led to the development of alternative fuels in India. This study investigates the impact of n-Pentanol/Karanja oil biodiesel/diesel fuel blends in a common rail direct injection engine. The addition of higher-order alcohol (n-Pentanol) will improve the low temperature properties of the biodiesel-diesel blend and high volatility and low viscosity of Pentanol will significantly reduce the emissions. The fuel blend B20P10D70 (KME 20%, n-Pentanol 10% and Diesel 70%) was carried out at 21°CA and 25° CA respectively with varied EGR at 10% and 20% to test both the engine parameters (BTE and BSFC) as well as exhaust gas emissions (CO, NOx, HC and Smoke).
Experimental studies on the effect of Carbon nanotube additives with Calophyllum Inophyllum biodiesel in CI engine
Authors: Deepak Vishnu , Arshadarshan S , Kasiraman G
Published: October 2021

The rapid depletion of Non-renewable fuel sources coupled with environmental degradation, has led us further into the exploration of alternate energy resources. Biodiesels originating from non-edible feedstocks have garnered much attention in a span of few years. The current study focuses on the addition of Carbon Nanotubes in Tamanu oil biodiesel in a Diesel engine. In this study, parameters such as brake thermal efficiency, unburned hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and NOx emissions have been studied. The performance of these biodiesel-diesel blends were charted and results are compared with diesel. It is noted that the inclusion of nano-additives in dosages of 30 and 60 ppm enhances brake thermal efficiency, the drawback being increased specific fuel consumption. The emissions of HC, NOx and emissions show a favorable trend with addition of CNT but CO2 emissions were observed to be on the higher side. Also graphs were plotted revealing the relevant combustion characteristics of the test fuels. They are further discussed in detail and a comprehensive conclusion was made.
Modern concepts and application of soft robotics in 4D printing
Authors: Bharani Kumar S , Sekar S D , Sivakumar G , Srinivas J , Lavanya R , Suresh G
Published: October 2021

Recent developments in (AM) additive developed normally Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a term used to describe printing that is three-dimensional in nature, have enabled researchers to use traditional production methods to create previously unthinkable, complex shapes. Usage of smart materials by the way of adopting the external stimuli in printing is part of a 3D-printing research division called 4D-printing.4D-printing allows for the development of dynamically controllable shapes on-demand by the addition of sometime as another dimension. The potential of 4D-printing has been significantly expanded by recent advances intelligent synthetic materials, new printers, processes of deformation and mathematical modelling. This paper deals with improvement in the area of 4D-printing, with a importance on its practical applications. With explications of their morphing mechanisms, Smart materials are discussed and produced using 4D-printing. Moreover, case study on soft robotics is discussed. We end with 4D Printing problems and future opportunities.
Performance and aerodynamics study on wind turbine
Authors: Sathiyamoorthy K , Sowrav Raj V R , Mathan Raj V , Yoghanandhan L
Published: October 2021

The importance of vertical axis wind turbine is developing due to their compactness and simple design among the researchers on renewable energy development. Some performance improvement techniques are famous in the field of Darrieus H – Rotar wind turbine. This paper is focusing to find out the efficiency of the wind turbine by adding flap and corresponding optimum position and angle of it. The numerical approach is used in this article using Computational Fluid Technologies (CFD) in the 2D domain. The k-ε SST 2 equation model is used for simulation purpose for obtaining its coefficient of momentum and performance. The validation of the result has been done using a grid-independent test by changing the element size. The performance parameters are obtained using simulation techniques and plotted in a standard manner to optimize them.
Static investigation of roselle waste powder reinforced bio polymer composite
Authors: Dharmendra B V , Vivek S , Ramu P , Srinivasan T , Suresh G , Meenakshi C M , Lavanya R
Published: October 2021

Today the entire research community is looking for sustainable materials. In that process, more research is going on to utilize the natural materials as binders, fillers, reinforcement etc., to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties without affecting the nature. Numerous amount of research is carried out various regions of the world on the usage of pine, sisal, hemp, bagasse, jute, bamboo, coir as reinforcement. This study focuses on the utilization of agro waste like Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa) as reinforcement material in epoxy LY 556 matrix along with different volume percentage of natural filler to form a unique bio based composite material. The composite specimens were fabricated by vacuum bag moulding method. The mechanical properties of the fabricated specimen at different compositions is studied. The maximum mechanical properties were observed for the composite with 30:70 volume percentage Hibiscus sabdariffa with epoxy resin added composition. From the results we can conclude the composite developed using Roselle powder and LY 556 epoxy would be very good alternate for various light weight material applications.
Comprehensive status of energy and its alternative sources
Authors: Pallavi S , Thangadurai N
Published: October 2021

India having 18% of the world population but uses only 6% of the primary energy, and it is rapid growing economy and already third largest. And it is compelled to go ahead in innovations in energy because expansion, modernisation, and expansion of the country. India Energy Outlook - experienced unique growth in solar energy in recent years by the technological improvement, cost reduction and government policies enhancing successively. In wind energy generation cost is most influencing element to manufactures and developers and it is in suitable in onshore compare with offshore. Now a day’s renewable policies are essential for global expansion and analysis about pivot elements to implement. Coal, electricity, natural gas is indispensable energy for policy makers International Energy Agency. Our current focus is how to focus future energy demand for conservation in building and industry and alternative fuels will play a major role to facing this demand. Electric utility face financial, environmental, and other constraints. Recently micro algae as great sources of renewable energy and grown in non-arable land using alternate for water sources like sea water. Declining of fossil fuel reserves the environment focus on the alternate sources of energy, wind energy with surprising growth of 40 % over the past five years.
Investigation of emission and performance analysis of honne oil in VCR diesel engine
Authors: Subhanandh B V , Abilash N , Saji Raveendran P
Published: October 2021

The world is facing two serious problems: energy crises and pollution. The daily increase in industrialization and the number of automobiles is the reason for these two problems. This work focus on to analyse the performance characteristics and emission parameters of the diesel engine for the blend of calophyllum inophyllum (Honne oil) Biodiesel blend (B10, B20 and B30) and Also find out how they affect the performance of the I.C Engine. While testing, the compression ratio of the engine was in the range of 15 to 18. Then speed of the engine is constant (1500 rpm). In conventional diesel engines and exhaust gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (Nox), hydrocarbons (HC) has been reduced. Considering that, by using this hybrid system, the thermal performance and the emission system must be investigated.
Usage of hemp and vetiver blended with lime as natural additives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Prakash Vandana Loka , Ravi R
Published: October 2021

This research demonstrates the neutrality of greenhouse gases with the application of hemp blessed as a simple natural filler for fabric materials, which absorbs greenhouse gaseous like CO2, CO and NOx. Notably in our research hempcrete drafted as heat-insulating dressing material throughout the load-bearing core of panel structures, Hemp,chrysopogen zizanoides used in homes with the extension of bonding bicomponent (hydraulic lime). Our research focusses on Lime-hemp, a lime-vetiver matter, an innovative idea and heat-insulating substance that enhanced greenhouse gas sequestration and enhance heat insulation like artificial materials. It gives super fragrance along its lifetime, Hempcrete is a mixture of hemp, lime hydrate, and water. This is recyclable stuff that contributes tremendous warmth and sound insulation. The most significant fact in the improvement is that it accelerates the setting of lime. Specifically, Hempcrete develops rather swiftly to absorb greenhouse gases, enhance heat insulation. Our main objective was achieved in this novel research by natural additives when blended with lime with around 96% greenhouse gas sequestration from panels made by natural additives. The emissions are checked with AVL 5 gas analyser and the temperature of the materials during the operation by IR temperature gun. It is also observed thatt by using these panels, we can enhance the heat insulation also which is an additional advantage of using the natural additives.
Cryogenic viscous pump analysis based on hemisphere model
Authors: Anish Kafoor N , Vijayakumar M , Ramesh A , Selvakumar P
Published: October 2021

Cryogenic viscous pump (CVP) is also known as fore pump that are mainly designed for the separation of hydrogen isotopes from the helium during the process of regeneration of cryo- pumps. This model will determine the amount of hydrogen which is extracted by supercritical helium cooled pump. It also includes flow rates and inlet conditions that are related to the hydrogen gas flow. This hemisphere model (HM) determines the amount and location which are extracted by the pump as the function of time. During the development of this model the calibration check done for its results, later it has been compared with the measurements of CFP prototype. At the result of this model, it will demonstrate the quantity of hydrogen which is very sensitive to the inlet temperature that is found outside of the Cryopump. Finally, this model will represent the efficient outcome.
The effect of expanded graphite on the performance of paraffin phase change materials used in thermal energy storage
Authors: Venkatesan S P , Nagendra Bodapati Ravi , Ram Chintala Raghu , Venkatesh S , Purusothaman M
Published: October 2021

Paraffin is the most commonly used phase change type of material for thermal energy storage but the main drawback is it has very low thermal conductivity. This study aims to enhance the thermal conductivity of the base PCM through the use of expanded graphite as supporting material. The expanded graphite at different percentage 3wt%, 6wt%, 9wt%, 12wt%, 15wt% is mixed with paraffin and five samples are prepared. Experimental results obtained on the samples clearly show that the thermal properties of samples are improved when compare to that of pure paraffin. It is found that both thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity are increasing rapidly. Melting temperature is standard there is no change for all the compositions. Specific heat gradually started increasing during the initial time and then it started decreasing as the expanded graphite percentage increased. The latent heat value of this composition has decreased a lot when compared to pure paraffin.
Catalytic Degradation of Used Plastics oil as Liquid Fuel for IC Engines
Authors: Abdul Munaf A , Premkumar P , Velmurugan A , Nalluri Premdasu , Rajesh Kanna S K , Nishanth Jude Roy J , Suresh G
Published: October 2021

Plastic pyrolysis oil (PPO) having the acceptable combustion lineaments and in addition, it can be used as alternative fuel for IC engines by blending together with diesel. In the research, used and disposed high-density polyethylene plastics such as plastic bottles, cans and bags have been used to extract the plastic oils from the self-developed pyrolysis reactor. Liquid oil from the plastic has been obtained by heating the waste used plastic in the reactor at 300–500 °C for ceaseless 2–3 hours in the fully locked environment. The obtained plastic hot gases as consequence, been cooled to acquire plastic pyrolysis oil in the liquid form. Further, the oil has been purified and blended along with the diesel in different propositions to conduct the trial experiments to observe the performances. The characteristics of the combustion experiments include emission and performance aspects. The attributes such as smoke density, NOx emission, CO emission, HC emission, CO2 emission as well as exhaust gas temperature and oxygen allocation have tested. The blends of diverse ratios have related and the plastic oil bearing substantial improvements.
Computational design and analysis of patterned micro-heaters with various thickness and trace width
Authors: Waghmare S , Hasan Mohammed Adnan , Manikandan S , Datta Shubhabrata
Published: October 2021

Micro heaters are important part in miniaturized heating applications. These applications required precise control of temperature over the applied surface that need to be heated. This present work is the computational study of the micro heater performance under various design criteria. Three different models of the heaters were studied for multi-physical phenomena, viz. the temperature uniformity and the mechanical stability. Effect of various parameters of the heaters, viz. pattern design, applied voltage and layer thickness, for nichrome (NiCr) based micro-heaters have been studied using COMSOL Multiphysics. Finally, conclusions are made by comparison of design parameters to reach best solution among nichrome micro-heaters.
Experimental analysis of combustion and emission characteristics of a CI engine using linseed oil with methanol additives
Authors: Dey Rishav , Sreekumar Madhav , Panneerselvam S , Mathanraj V
Published: October 2021

The use of Biodiesel is increasing all around the world which makes it an alternate substitute for Diesel In the current study Linseed oil is used as the alternative for Biodiesel with methanol additives. The Blending ratios used were B20, B40, B60, B80, B100, B20+5%, B40+5%, B60+5%, B80+5% B100+5%, B20+10%, B40+10%, B60+10, B80+10%, B100+10%. The experiment was carried out on a 4 stroke diesel engine which runs at a maximum speed of 1500 rpm with maximum rated power of 5.2kW. The experiments results indicates that B20+5% shows better performance characteristics and B40 + 5% shows good performance characteristics. The emission tests showed that CO2 emissions of the B20+5% were lower than that of diesel. Though lower than diesel, the performance characteristics of B40+5% were better than the other blends.
Experimental investigation on the usage of ethanol and DEE as additives in a CI engine
Authors: Srinath Aditya , Aerath Antochan Sony , Kasiraman G
Published: October 2021

Mankind has been trying to find alternate fuels for centuries now and the developments made in the field of Bio-diesels have been extensive. As the world calls for a more sustainable approach to fuel procurement, processes of agricultural fermentation with homegrown yields such as wheat and sugarcane have opened up the potential for producing ethanol in a cost-effective, sustainable and efficient manner. Our investigation dives into integrating ethanol with traditional diesel to study its merits and demerits. To overcome some inherent flaws of ethanol, we invite another potent contender to the mix, Di-ethyl ether, which acts as a cetane booster. Blends of different proportions are mixed and tested before it undergoes the usual string of performance, combustion and emission tests. Graphs were plotted, outcomes were studied and a comprehensive conclusion was made, covering the positive and negative effects of the blends created.
Optimal parameters of sunflower seeds complex pre-sowing treatment
Authors: Aksenov M P , Yu Petrov N , Zvereva G N , Belyaev A I , Pugacheva A M
Published: October 2021

The sowing quality of seeds is determined by the conditioning properties, one of which is germination. The potential yield depends on the number of germinated seeds, therefore, increasing the conditional properties of seeds by pre-sowing treatment is an urgent problem in agriculture. The introduction of an integrated method of pre-sowing seed treatment allows to summarize the positive effect of the electrophysical effects of an electric field and a biological preparation. The article presents the results of the studies carried out to establish the optimal treatment regimes for the treatment of sunflower hybrids NK Neoma, LG 5500, ES Petunia seeds in an integrated way. The parameters of seed treatment were determined - electric field strength 8 kV/cm, exposure 60 seconds, semi-dry etching with Zerebra Agro growth regulator with an aqueous solution in a proportion of 10 ml of the preparation, 1000 ml of water. Laboratory germination in relation to control increased in hybrids NK Neoma and LG 5550 by 10%, in hybrid ES Petunia by 12%.
Conceptual model for measuring the scientific knowledge diffusion in the context of digitalization
Authors: Rozaliev V L , Kholstov A V , Pronichkin S V , Mamai I B
Published: October 2021

The main idea of digitalization is the transition to a new technological order and, as a result, gaining competitive advantages, therefore, measuring the diffusion of scientific knowledge in the digital economy is especially relevant. The existing articles do not offer general models for the transfer of knowledge, regardless of the digitalization industry. The authors of the article have developed a conceptual model for measuring the diffusion of scientific knowledge, which allows, according to the characteristics of knowledge carriers, to assess the proximity of their paradigms, as well as the likelihood of delays in the transfer of knowledge due to the need to relay knowledge, depending on the paradigms they use. Criteria to assess the reliability of the scientific knowledge transfer in the context of digitalization are proposed.
To the development of intelligent adaptive learning systems
Authors: Zhikharev A G , Deeney I A , Igrunova S V , Klyuchnikov D A , Yu Frolova A
Published: October 2021

The article describes the prospects for creating an informational adaptive automated learning system (based on the English Language) using advanced artificial intelligence technologies. In particular, the work shows that the quality of education largely depends on the form of educational content and the parameters of the learning object (a student) associated with its perception of information. The formulated hypothesis of this work indicates that according to the written speech of the learning object, it is possible to classify it (the learning object) by the type of perception of educational content. For the first time, the paper proposes the use of the apparatus of artificial neural networks to solve the problem of automatic classification of learning objects according to the parameter indicated above, while analyzing the text written by this object. For the formation of educational content in the required form, it is proposed to use the system-object method of knowledge representation. The logical architecture of an adaptive teaching automated system is being considered.
A method for solving the open-pit mine production scheduling problem using the constraint programming paradigm
Authors: Zuenko Alexander , Oleynik Yurii , Makedonov Roman
Published: October 2021

A method is developed to solve the problem of open-pit mine production scheduling, which is based on Constraint Programming and is used in working out an optimal plan of mining operations, taking into account heterogeneous economical, technological and some others requirements imposed by the customer. An original model is proposed to represent the problem considered as a constraint satisfaction problem. As the customer may verify the requirements, the domain model should enable addition of the new constraints and/or eliminate the existing ones. With the domain model being developed, the method proposed makes it possible to reach accurate solutions at the expense of highly effective reduction algorithms for each type of constraints and at the expense of specialized heuristics for non-perspective alternatives reduction in a search tree. The approach proposed enables addition of different constraints, even those for which it is difficult to find an analytical expression.
Development of an approach and software tools to distance the rehabilitation process for adaptation to home use
Authors: Orlova Y A , Dmitriev A S , Donsckaia A R , Noskin V V , Sibirny N D
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes the existing approaches and software solutions for carrying out exercises to restore the patient’s hand mobility in a remote format, shows the process of developing the admin panel module for the existing solution “Devirta.Accuracy”. This article proposes an approach to solving the problem of distancing the process of restoring hand mobility using the application “Devirta.Accuracy” and presents the implementation of the program.
Implementation of a multi-layer hamming network in problems for recognition dry areas of agricultural crops
Authors: Tokareva Yu M , Tokarev K E , Kuzmin V A , Pleshenko T V , Aleksandrina N A
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the possibilities of using the mathematical and instrumental enhancement of the multilayer Hamming network in the tasks of recognizing aerial photographs, in particular, the advantages of the neuromodel for implementing further research to solve the problems of increasing crop yield based on monitoring and segmentation of dry crop areas are highlighted.
Comparing different bulk radiation damage models in TCAD simulations of small-pitch 3D Si sensors
Authors: Boughedda A. , Lakhdara M. , Latreche S. , Mendicino R. , Dalla Betta G.-F.
Published: October 2021

Small-pitch, thin 3D Si sensors have been developed for the ATLAS and CMS experiment upgrades at the High Luminosity LHC. The pixel sizes are 50 × 50 µm2 with 1 readout column, and 25 × 100 µm2 with 1 or 2 readout columns (1E and 2E). Owing to the small inter-electrode distance, ranging from ∼28 µm to ∼51 µm in the considered layouts, these devices are expected to be extremely radiation hard. TCAD simulations by Synopsys Sentaurus, incorporating advanced radiation damage models, have been used for the design/optimization of these new 3D pixel sensors. In this study, we have compared the accuracy of different bulk damage models in predicting the signal efficiency of small-pitch 3D sensors irradiated at large fluences and its evolution with the bias voltage at different positions within the 3D cell. Selected simulation results will be reported in comparison to experimental data.
The IceCube-Gen2 Neutrino Observatory
Authors: Clark B.A.
Published: October 2021

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory opened the window on neutrino astronomy by discovering high-energy astrophysical neutrinos in 2013 and identifying the first compelling astrophysical neutrino source, the blazar TXS0506 + 056, in 2017. In this proceeding, we will discuss the science reach and ongoing development of the IceCube-Gen2 facility, which is the planned extension to IceCube. IceCube-Gen2 will increase the rate of observed cosmic neutrinos by an order of magnitude, be able to detect five-times fainter neutrino sources, and extend the measurement of astrophysical neutrinos several orders of magnitude higher in energy. We will discuss the envisioned design of the instrument, which will include an enlarged in-ice optical array, a surface array for the study of cosmic-rays, and a shallow radio array to detect ultra-high energy (>100 PeV) neutrinos. We will also highlight ongoing efforts to develop and test new instrumentation for IceCube-Gen2.
Toolbox for non-classical state calculations
Authors: Roux Filippus S
Published: October 2021

Computational challenges associated with the use of Wigner functions to identify non-classical properties of states are addressed with the aid of generating functions. It allows the computation of the Wigner functions of photon-subtracted states for an arbitrary number of subtracted photons. Both the formal definition of photon-subtracted states in terms of ladder operators and the experimental implementation with heralded photon detections are analyzed. These techniques are demonstrated by considering photon subtraction from squeezed thermal states as well as squeezed Fock states. Generating functions are also used for the photon statistics of these states. These techniques reveal various aspects of the parameter dependences of these states.
sAMP-PFPDeep: Improving accuracy of short antimicrobial peptides prediction using three different sequence encodings and deep neural networks
Authors: Hussain Waqar
Published: October 2021

Short antimicrobial peptides (sAMPs) belong to a significant repertoire of antimicrobial agents and are known to possess enhanced antimicrobial activity, higher stability and less toxicity to human cells, as well as less complex than other large biological drugs. As these molecules are significantly important, herein, a prediction method for sAMPs (with a sequence length ≤ 30 residues) is proposed for accurate and efficient prediction of sAMPs instead of laborious and costly experimental approaches. Benchmark dataset was collected from a recently reported study and sequences were converted into three channel images comprising information related to the position, frequency and sum of 12 physiochemical features as the first, second and third channels, respectively. Two image-based deep neural networks (DNNs), i.e. RESNET-50 and VGG-16 were trained and evaluated using various metrics while a comparative analysis with previous techniques was also performed. Validation of sAMP-PFPDeep was also performed by using molecular docking based analysis. The results showed that VGG-16 provided more accurate results, i.e. 98.30% training accuracy and 87.37% testing accuracy for predicting sAMPs as compared to those of RESNET-50 having 96.14% training accuracy and 83.87% testing accuracy. However, the comparative analysis revealed that both these models outperformed previously reported state-of-the-art methods. Based on the results, it is concluded that sAMP-PFPDeep can help identify antimicrobial peptides with promising accuracy and efficiency. It can help biologists and scientists to identify antimicrobial peptides, by further aiding the computer-aided drug design and discovery, as well as virtual screening protocols against various pathologies. sAMP-PFPDeep is available at (https://github.com/WaqarHusain/sAMP-PFPDeep).
CpG Transformer for imputation of single-cell methylomes
Authors: De Waele Gaetan , Clauwaert Jim , Menschaert Gerben , Waegeman Willem
Published: October 2021

Motivation

The adoption of current single-cell DNA methylation sequencing protocols is hindered by incomplete coverage, outlining the need for effective imputation techniques. The task of imputing single-cell (methylation) data requires models to build an understanding of underlying biological processes.

Results

We adapt the transformer neural network architecture to operate on methylation matrices through combining axial attention with sliding window self-attention. The obtained CpG Transformer displays state-of-the-art performances on a wide range of scBS-seq and scRRBS-seq datasets. Furthermore, we demonstrate the interpretability of CpG Transformer and illustrate its rapid transfer learning properties, allowing practitioners to train models on new datasets with a limited computational and time budget.

Availability and implementation

CpG Transformer is freely available at https://github.com/gdewael/cpg-transformer.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Functional segregation within the dorsal frontoparietal network: a multimodal dynamic causal modeling study
Authors: Raffin Estelle , Witon Adrien , Salamanca-Giron Roberto F , Huxlin Krystel R , Hummel Friedhelm C
Published: October 2021

Discrimination and integration of motion direction requires the interplay of multiple brain areas. Theoretical accounts of perception suggest that stimulus-related (i.e., exogenous) and decision-related (i.e., endogenous) factors affect distributed neuronal processing at different levels of the visual hierarchy. To test these predictions, we measured brain activity of healthy participants during a motion discrimination task, using electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We independently modeled the impact of exogenous factors (task demand) and endogenous factors (perceptual decision-making) on the activity of the motion discrimination network and applied Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) to both modalities. DCM for event-related potentials (DCM-ERP) revealed that task demand impacted the reciprocal connections between the primary visual cortex (V1) and medial temporal areas (V5). With practice, higher visual areas were increasingly involved, as revealed by DCM-fMRI. Perceptual decision-making modulated higher levels (e.g., V5-to-Frontal Eye Fields, FEF), in a manner predictive of performance. Our data suggest that lower levels of the visual network support early, feature-based selection of responses, especially when learning strategies have not been implemented. In contrast, perceptual decision-making operates at higher levels of the visual hierarchy by integrating sensory information with the internal state of the subject.
Real-World Impact of the Accelerate PhenoTest BC Kit on Patients With Bloodstream Infections in the Improving Outcomes and Antimicrobial Stewardship Study: A Quasiexperimental Multicenter Study
Authors: Bhalodi Amira A , MacVane Shawn H , Ford Bradley , Ince Dilek , Kinn Patrick M , Percival Kelly M , Bremmer Derek N , Carr Dustin R , Walsh Thomas L , Bhatti Micah M , Shelburne Samuel A , Humphries Romney M , Wolfe Kaleb , Rosenbaum Eric R , Dare Ryan K , Kolev Johann , Madhusudhan Meghan , Ben-Aderet Michael A , Morgan Margie A
Published: October 2021

Background

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The Improving Outcomes and Antimicrobial Stewardship study seeks to evaluate the impact of the Accelerate PhenoTest BC Kit (AXDX) on antimicrobial use and clinical outcomes in BSIs.

Methods

This multicenter, quasiexperimental study compared clinical and antimicrobial stewardship metrics, prior to and after implementation of AXDX, to evaluate the impact this technology has on patients with BSIs. Laboratory and clinical data from hospitalized patients with BSIs (excluding contaminants) were compared between 2 arms, 1 that underwent testing on AXDX (post-AXDX) and 1 that underwent alternative organism identification and susceptibility testing (pre-AXDX). The primary outcomes were time to optimal therapy (TTOT) and 30-day mortality.

Results

A total of 854 patients with BSIs (435 pre-AXDX, 419 post-AXDX) were included. Median TTOT was 17.2 hours shorter in the post-AXDX arm (23.7 hours) compared with the pre-AXDX arm (40.9 hours; P<.0001). Compared with pre-AXDX, median time to first antimicrobial modification (24.2 vs 13.9 hours; P<.0001) and first antimicrobial deescalation (36.0 vs 27.2 hours; P=.0004) were shorter in the post-AXDX arm. Mortality (8.7% pre-AXDX vs 6.0% post-AXDX), length of stay (7.0 pre-AXDX vs 6.5 days post-AXDX), and adverse drug events were not significantly different between arms. Length of stay was shorter in the post-AXDX arm (5.4 vs 6.4 days; P=.03) among patients with gram-negative bacteremia.

Conclusions

For BSIs, use of AXDX was associated with significant decreases in TTOT, first antimicrobial modification, and time to antimicrobial deescalation.
Morphology of the left subclavian artery: implications for single-branched endovascular aortic arch repair
Authors: Kondov Stoyan , Beyersdorf Friedhelm , Braun Nora , Höhn Rene , Schlett Christopher , Rylski Bartosz , Siepe Matthias , Kreibich Maximilian , Gottardi Roman , Czerny Martin
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES

Our goal was to evaluate the morphology of the aortic arch, focusing on the left subclavian artery (LSA), and to anticipate implications for single-branched endovascular aortic arch repair.

METHODS

We performed a morphological analysis of computed tomography angiography scans of 322 patients between January 2002 and December 2018. Arch type and distance between arch vessels on the convexity were evaluated. We defined 3 morphological types: U-type distance between the left common carotid artery (LCCA) and LSA offspring >10 mm; V-type distance between the LCCA and LSA offspring <10 mm and W-type isolated left vertebral artery offspring from the aortic arch.

RESULTS

Most patients presented a type III arch [50% (n = 161)]. The median distance from the brachiocephalic trunk offspring to the LCCA offspring measured 2.5 mm (2.0–3.0 mm) and that between the LCCA offspring and the LSA offspring was 6.5 mm (4.0–11.0 mm). We observed no significant difference based on the morphological type (V versus U versus W) in the brachiocephalic trunk–LCCA distance, but there were significant differences in the LCCA–LSA distance between types V and U (P < 0.001) and between types V and W (P < 0.001). Interestingly, we found no significant difference in the LCCA–LSA distance between types U and W. We noted a significant difference in the median diameter of the LSA according to U, V and W types: V type versus U type, 12.5 vs 13.5 mm (P = 0.033) as well as U type versus W type, 13.5 vs 10.5 mm (P < 0.001) and V type versus W type, 12.5 vs 10.5 mm (P < 0.002). The distances between the LSA offspring and left vertebral artery offspring between types U and V did not differ significantly.

CONCLUSIONS

Our categorization of the U, V and W types of the LSA can help us anticipate shapes and distances and thereby function as an initial evaluation tool for predicting single branched endovascular aortic arch repair involving the LSA.