bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENGAGEMENT IN SOCIAL MOVEMENTS AND THE FIGHT FOR JUSTICE: A STUDY ON THE NARRATIVES OF BLACK MOTHERS
Authors: Araújo Etyelle Pinheiro de , Biar Liana de Andrade , Bastos Liliana Cabral
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT This article discusses the narrative practices of a Brazilian social movement whose members are the mothers and relatives of young people victimized by police raids into Rio de Janeiro’s favelas. By analysing the narratives produced by activists, we explore how grief is converted into political fight. As we look into how mothers intertwine their individual pain with political activism, we examine (i) how emotions and suffering are organized in their narratives; and (ii) what discursive strategies are used in the process. Data was generated during public demonstrations, and the analysis suggests that it is by turning the pain of a losing a child into political insurgence that mothers narratively organize their emotions. As stories get told, events surrounding the murders are recontextualized and experiences are collectivized. Mothers’ stories become narratives of resistance, which oppose institutional racism, but also narratives of re-existence (SOUZA, 2009), which recast the deaths of their children as an effect of a necropolitical logic of state organization.
MEDIATISING RESISTANCE TO CONTEMPORARY FASCISM ON YOUTUBE: VOICING DISSENT IN BRAZILIAN RAP
Authors: Morgado Marcos
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT In recent years, an on-going shift from more progressive political, social and cultural relations towards a more conservative turn around the world has been under way. A fascist political stance (STANLEY, 2018) has been noted in different parts of the globe and politicians have been able to gather followers dissatisfied with crumbling economies by usually making recourse to an “us versus them” discourse. Such dissatisfaction and bias have found fertile ground in social media platforms, e.g. Facebook and WhatsApp, and elevated the tensions around such issues to a level never before seen. In the 2018 presidential election in Brazil, similar tensions were fuelled by a candidate with an authoritarian, xenophobic and misogynistic discourse. More importantly, that authoritarian discourse did not go unchallenged and the same social media platforms were home for constant resistance to it such as, for instance, the movement #nothim, created by the Facebook group “Women United against Bolsonaro”, and the rap/hip hop movement in Brazil, which released protest songs and a manifesto called “Rap for Democracy” on YouTube. In this paper, we focus on one music video in particular, ‘Primavera Fascista’ (“Fascist Spring”) to present a multimodal analysis of how resistance to that candidate’s discourse was constructed. We look into visual, sound, musical and linguistic resources (KRESS, 2010; MACHIN, 2010). Drawing upon a view of language as performative (PENNYCOOK, 2004; 2007), we use the analytical constructs of entextualization (BAUMAN & BRIGGS, 1990) and indexicality (BLOMMAERT, 2005; 2010) to show that the rap song is an exhaustive discursive exercise of metapragmatic reflexivity on the performative effects of a number of fascist statements produced by the candidate.
“US FOR OURSELVES”: ENREGISTERING AND DE-ESCALATING CORONAVIRUS UNDER NERVOUS CONDITIONS
Authors: Fabrício Branca Falabella , Melo Glenda Cristina Valim de
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT In this paper, we explore how attention to language and communication has been one of the strategies to combat the pandemic and foster health justice in the deprived areas of the city. To investigate such aspect, we draw on the conceptions of enregisterment, de-escalation and orders of indexicality. We focus on practices of pragmatic survival enacted by Maré Mobilization Front.
CORPOS DISSIDENTES, SAÚDE SEXUAL E MICROBIOPOLÍTICAS DE RESISTÊNCIA NA AMAZÔNIA ATLÂNTICA
Authors: Sena José
Published: March 2021

RESUMO Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as disputas metapragmáticas sobre o cuidado em saúde sexual estabelecidas na relação entre uma biopolítica oficial e as práticas de cuidado em saúde de corpos dissidentes no território da Amazônia Atlântica contemporânea. Ao examinar discursos oficiais, como os presentes no Plano Nacional de Saúde Integral LGBT (BRASIL, 2013), assim como a efetiva operacionalização de princípios da Promoção à Saúde (AYRES; PAIVA; FRANÇA JÚNIOR, 2012), a pesquisa detecta o funcionamento de uma política de silenciamento e precarização das demandas da saúde sexual LGBTI+ no contexto local, a qual é confrontada por estratégias microbiopolíticas de resistência. Para realizar o estudo, foi desenvolvido um trabalho etnográfico (PEIRANO, 2008; 2014) ao longo dos anos de 2016-2019, com jovens LGBTI+ no contexto de festas, afterparties e convivências domésticas em repúblicas estudantis na região dos Caetés. Fundamentado pelas teorizações sobre biopolítica (FOUCAULT, 1999) e performatividade (BUTLER, 2004), o foco analítico centra-se nas performances narrativas (MOITA LOPES, 2006) encenadas por sujeitos LGBTI+, as quais encenam disputas metapragmáticas (SILVERSTEIN, 1998) em torno do discurso oficial do Estado, criticando o lugar que este relega à promoção do cuidado em saúde sexual da população LGBTI+. Conclui-se que as práticas de resistências microbiopolíticas identificadas nas experiências sociais locais questionam o discurso oficial e a manutenção de um regime LGBTfóbico.
Fluidos complexos na matéria condensada:os cristais líquidos
Authors: Figueiredo Neto Antônio Martins
Published: March 2021

Cristais líquidos são estados intermediários em que a matéria pode se apresentar, entre o sólido cristalino e o líquido isotrópico. Materiais que podem apresentar esse tipo de estado são constituídos de moléculas, ou agregados de moléculas, que apresentam significativa anisotropia de forma. Os estados líquido cristalinos apresentam estruturas espaciais complexas, que colocam questões de natureza fundamental no estudo da estrutura da matéria. Se caracterizam por apresentar algum grau de ordem: orientacional de longo alcance e posicional de curto alcance. Suas aplicações tecnológicas são diversas, em particular, as eletro-ópticas (mostradores) de baixo consumo de energia. Neste artigo apresentamos uma revisão dessa área, enfatizando os cristais líquidos liotrópicos (formados por misturas de moléculas anfifílicas e solvente) que possui uma grande interface com sistemas biológicos. Discutimos, também, os modelos teóricos que descrevem diagramas de fase de estruturas nemáticas liotrópicas.
Bosons vs. Fermions – A computational complexity perspective
Authors: Brod Daniel Jost
Published: March 2021

Recent years have seen a flurry of activity in the fields of quantum computing and quantum complexity theory, which aim to understand the computational capabilities of quantum systems by applying the toolbox of computational complexity theory. This paper explores the conceptually rich and technologically useful connection between the dynamics of free quantum particles and complexity theory. I review results on the computational power of two simple quantum systems, built out of noninteracting bosons (linear optics) or noninteracting fermions. These rudimentary quantum computers display radically different capabilities—while free fermions are easy to simulate on a classical computer, and therefore devoid of nontrivial computational power, a free-boson computer can perform tasks expected to be classically intractable. To build the argument for these results, I introduce concepts from computational complexity theory. I describe some complexity classes, starting with P and NP and building up to the less common #P and polynomial hierarchy, and the relations between them. I identify how probabilities in free-bosonic and free-fermionic systems fit within this classification, which then underpins their difference in computational power. This paper is aimed at graduate or advanced undergraduate students with a Physics background, hopefully serving as a soft introduction to this exciting and highly evolving field.
Complexidade em Astronomia e Astrofísica
Authors: Alves-Brito Alan , Cortesi A.
Published: March 2021

A Astronomia e a Astrofísica, em sinergia à Física e à Cosmologia Moderna e Contemporânea, têm como principal objetivo entender, por meio de métodos matemáticos, computacionais e observacionais, os processos (astro)físicos fundamentais relacionados à descrição cinemática, à evolução dinâmica, temporal e química de diferentes objetos celestes — planetas, estrelas, galáxias, aglomerados de galáxias, entre outros — e, ultimamente, a formação, constituição e evolução do Universo. Diferentemente de outras ciências básicas, os objetos astrofísicos, com raríssimas exceções, são extraterrestres, o que por si só, do ponto de vista prático, caracteriza a Astrofísica como uma ciência complexa. Discutimos no presente artigo o conceito de complexidade e fenômenos considerados bastante complicados e intrincados que têm demandado novas e desafiadoras abordagens teóricas e metodológicas à Astronomia e à Astrofísica, as quais seguem entre algumas das mais fascinantes ciências básicas do século XXI.
Audiological implications of COVID-19: an integrative literature review
Authors: Ribeiro Georgea Espindola , Silva Daniela Polo Camargo da
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT Purpose: to survey the national and international literature on the impacts of the coronavirus infection on the auditory system. Methods: an integrative review with search in the BIREME, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences databases. Inclusion criteria: articles in Portuguese and English whose subject was the coronavirus infection and its effects on the auditory system. Exclusion criteria: information from books and/or chapters, letters to editors, review articles, experience reports. The search strategy was based on the following combined descriptors, respectively in Portuguese and English: “Infecções por coronavírus”, “Audição”, “Perda auditiva”, “Coronavirus infections”, “Hearing”, “Hearing Loss”. Results: out of 43 articles found, two approached the issue. The first study assessed 20 patients that tested positive for COVID-19, though asymptomatic, who underwent pure-tone threshold audiometry and otoacoustic emissions. A significant increase in the auditory thresholds at high frequencies and a smaller response amplitude in the transient evoked otoacoustic emissions of those who tested positive for COVID-19 were observed when compared to that of controls. The second study reported the case of an asymptomatic 35-year-old COVID-19 female patient, who complained of otalgia and tinnitus, after being contaminated. The pure-tone threshold audiometry and tympanometry indicated mild unilateral (right ear) conductive hearing loss, with a type B tympanometric curve on that side. Conclusion: the studies included in this review showed different consequences of COVID-19 on hearing, with possible impairments on the sensory and mechanical structures of the auditory system. The knowledge of COVID-19 is limited, and further studies on its real impact on the auditory system are necessary.
Dysphonia, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, thyroid diseases, and noise complaints as probable factors associated with hearing loss among teachers
Authors: Meneses-Barriviera Caroline Luiz , Dias Ana Carolina Marcotti , Andraus Rodrigo Antonio Carvalho , Marchiori Luciana Lozza de Moraes
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to verify a possible association between hearing loss and dysphonia, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, thyroid diseases, and noise complaints. Methods: a cross-sectional study involving 60 teachers, mean age 47.05 years. Pure-tone threshold audiometry was used to assess hearing, the voice questionnaire and voice acoustic evaluation were used for voice perception and quality, and the standardized questionnaire verified noise complaint and comorbidities. The statistical analysis was conducted with Mann-Whitney and Fisher's exact tests and multivariate linear regression. Results: there was a significant association between hearing loss and diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and thyroid disease (both p <0.0001), but there was no association between noise complaints and hearing loss in this population. The regression showed that dysphonia (p = 0.0311) and diabetes mellitus (p = 0.0302) are independent risk factors for hearing loss. A correlation was found between hearing loss and voice characteristics: roughness, breathiness, tension, and resonance. Conclusion: this study showed that hypertension and thyroid diseases are factors associated with hearing loss. In addition, dysphonia and diabetes mellitus are independent factors associated with hearing loss in teachers. These results show the need for policies aimed at promoting teachers’ health.
Acute kidney injury associated with rhabdomyolysis in a patient with COVID-19
Authors: Jahnke Viviane Schmitt , Poloni José Antonio Tesser , Neves Carla Andretta Moreira , Peter Camila , Thompson Claudia Elizabeth , Rotta Liane Nanci
Published: March 2021

Abstract Rhabdomyolysis is defined as the breakdown of skeletal muscle leading to the release of muscle contents into the extracellular fluid. Patients with rhabdomyolysis can be asymptomatic or have myalgia symptoms, weakness, myoglobinuria with dark urine, significant electrolyte imbalance, and acute kidney injury. Here we describe a case on acute kidney injury associated to rhabdomyolysis in a patient with COVID-19.
Hyperuricemia and chronic kidney disease: to treat or not to treat
Authors: Piani Federica , Sasai Fumihiko , Bjornstad Petter , Borghi Claudio , Yoshimura Ashio , Sanchez-Lozada Laura G. , Roncal-Jimenez Carlos , Garcia Gabriela E. , Hernando Ana Andres , Fuentes Gabriel Cara , Rodriguez-Iturbe Bernardo , Lanaspa Miguel A , Johnson Richard J
Published: March 2021

Abstract Hyperuricemia is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may be present in 50% of patients presenting for dialysis. Hyperuricemia can be secondary to impaired glomerular filtration rate (GFR) that occurs in CKD. However, hyperuricemia can also precede the development of kidney disease and predict incident CKD. Experimental studies of hyperuricemic models have found that both soluble and crystalline uric acid can cause significant kidney damage, characterized by ischemia, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and inflammation. However, most Mendelian randomization studies failed to demonstrate a causal relationship between uric acid and CKD, and clinical trials have had variable results. Here we suggest potential explanations for the negative clinical and genetic findings, including the role of crystalline uric acid, intracellular uric acid, and xanthine oxidase activity in uric acid-mediated kidney injury. We propose future clinical trials as well as an algorithm for treatment of hyperuricemia in patients with CKD.
Sofrimento psíquico entre os profissionais de enfermagem durante a pandemia da COVID-19: Scoping Review
Authors: Miranda Fernanda Berchelli Girão , Yamamura Mellina , Pereira Sarah Salvador , Pereira Caroline dos Santos , Protti-Zanatta Simone Teresinha , Costa Marceli Karina , Zerbetto Sonia Regina
Published: March 2021

Resumo Objetivo mapear sistematicamente a produção de conhecimento, com a literatura nacional e internacional, de situações de sofrimento psíquico que os profissionais de enfermagem vivenciam quando expostos à pandemia da COVID-19. Método Scoping Review conforme Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual for Scoping Reviews e PRISMA-ScR. Executaram-se buscas nas bases eletrônicas entre abril e junho de 2020, por intermédio dos descritores. Revisores aos pares analisaram a relevância dos estudos, selecionando os que responderam à pergunta de investigação. Resultados selecionaram-se 38 estudos. As situações de sofrimento psíquico mais relatadas relacionaram-se à sobrecarga de trabalho, escassez ou ausência de equipamento de proteção individual, medo de se infectar, infectar outras pessoas e estar na linha de frente junto a pacientes com diagnóstico ou suspeita de COVID-19. Os sinais e sintomas de sofrimento psíquico mais encontrados foram ansiedade, depressão, insônia, estresse, estresse pós-traumático e medo. Conclusões e implicações para a prática os profissionais de enfermagem enfrentam situações de sofrimento psíquico, principalmente desencadeadas por fatores relacionados às condições de trabalho, manifestando sintomas depressivos, de ansiedade e de estresse, que podem permanecer por longo período. As instituições de saúde precisaram implementar ações de capacitação, proteção e segurança, bem como suporte e apoio psicossocial em curto espaço de tempo.
A INTERIORIZAÇÃO COMO UM DIREITO SOCIAL UNIVERSALIZÁVEL
Authors: Xavier Fernando César Costa
Published: March 2021

Resumo O artigo recorda que a lei brasileira, para atender aos desafios político-administrativos surgidos com a crise migratória de venezuelanos no estado de Roraima, passou a reconhecer a “interiorização” como um direito de mobilidade, que deveria ser implementado como medida ampliativa de “assistência emergencial para acolhimento a pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade decorrente de fluxo migratório provocado por crise humanitária”, nos termos do art. 5º, X, da Lei n. 13.684/2018. O método empregado examina o conjunto de leis aplicáveis (e os princípios nelas subjacentes) e o interpreta tanto sistematicamente, buscando suplantar inconsistências e incoerências, quanto literalmente, dando contornos rigorosos às definições utilizadas nas normas. A partir disso, a tese desenvolvida é de que esse direito de interiorização, conforme disposto na lei, poderia ser vindicável por qualquer sujeito (estrangeiro migrante ou nacional) e em qualquer situação de crise humanitária (provocada por processos migratórios internacionais ou internos ou outras situações de deslocamento descontrolado). A ampliação de sua incidência não frustraria, mas antes promoveria os propósitos últimos que mobilizaram a formulação da política de interiorização, a saber, os de aliviar a pressão do incremento demográfico sobre o sistema público de seguridade social e o de possibilitar a inserção laboral do excedente populacional em outras regiões do país. Mais que um direito migratório, seria a interiorização um direito social, devendo por isso se ajustar aos princípios da universalidade e da progressividade.
Doenças e agravos de notificação compulsória e condições socioambientais: estudo ecológico, Espírito Santo, 2011-2015
Authors: Andrade Romildo Luiz Monteiro , Spala Murilo Ribeiro , Silva Gabriel , Ribeiro Flora Antonia Soares , Bertolde Adelmo Inácio , Dantas Anselmo , Silva Rogerio Carlos , Morellato Saulo Almeida , Ramalho Walter Massa
Published: March 2021

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a associação das condições climático-ambientais e a ocorrência das doenças e agravos de notificação compulsória no estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo ecológico dos agregados municipais calculados a partir de casos confirmados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan) para o período 2011-2015. Resultados: As notificações foram mais frequentes no sexo feminino (51,1%), raça/cor da pele parda (31,7%), faixa etária de 20-49 anos (48,1%) e região metropolitana de saúde (60,3%). Os fatores associados aos agravos foram as condições sensíveis à Atenção Básica (p-valor<0,001), o índice de desenvolvimento de educação (p-valor<0,001), a temperatura (p-valor=0,019) e o grau de urbanização (p-valor=0,004). As doenças estiveram associadas a densidade populacional (p-valor<0,001), temperatura (p-valor<0,001), umidade (p-valor<0,001) e altitude (p-valor=0,005). Conclusão: Os agravos associaram-se positivamente às condições sensíveis à Atenção Básica, índice de desenvolvimento da educação e temperatura; e negativamente ao grau de urbanização. As doenças associaram-se positivamente aos fatores citados.
Congenital skeletal malformations induced by lambda-cyhalothrin, dibenzalacetone and heptanone derivatives in embryos of albino mice
Authors:   Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, Mohammed Metwally El Sayed Aly , Fattah Desheesh Mohammed Abdel ,   Department of Pesticide chemistry and technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt., El-kawy Elmasry Doaa Mohammed Abd ,   Department of Pesticide chemistry and technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt., Farg Mahmoud Morshedy ,   Department of Pesticide chemistry and technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt., Youssef Hamada Mahmoud ,   Chief Researher , Agriculture Research Center – Plant Protection Station , Alexandria, Egypt, Elshinety Rasha M. ,   Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
Published: March 2021

Background: Insecticides such as lambda-cyhalothrin(LCT), dibenzalacetone (DBA) and heptanone HD are teratogenic substances. Skeleton is one of the organs sensitive to teratogens during the period of organogenesis. Material and methods:This study was conducted on fifty adult female albino mice, divided randomly into four groups: Group I (control group, n= 5 received corn oil orally in adose of 10 mg /kg body weight), group II (LCT group, n=10 received LCT (nano 8%)10, 20 mg /kg body weight for each subgroup), group III (DBA group, n=20, received DBA (main) 10, 20 mg /kg body weight and DBA (nano 8%)) 10,20mg /kg body weight for each subgroup) and group IV (HD group, n=15, received HD (main) 10 mg /kg body weight and HD (nano 8%)) 10,50mg /kg body weight for each subgroup),The calculated treatment dissolved in 1 ml of corn oil by orogastric tube was given to the pregnant mice during the first week of pregnancy (1st, 3rd and 5th day).The delivered live and dead pups were examined externally, then double stained and prepared for skeletal examination by dissecting microscope. Results: All experimental groups showed various anomalies that can be categorized as the following: 1) presence of dead pups and resorption sites 2) macroscopic anomalies in the form of anencephaly, extended forelimb, cranioshisis, macroglossia, lowset ears, lage eye bulge, half body, amelia, internal rotation of forelimb and encephalocele. 3) skeletal anomalies by double staining of fetal skeleton showed incomplete ossification of nasal and interparietal bones, open arch of atlas, incomplete ossification of vertebrae, supernumerary ribs, wavy ribs, incomplete ossification of ribs and sternebrae, incomplete ossification of sternum, incomplete ossification of 5th metacarpal and terminal phalangal bones and incomplete ossification of tarsal , and phalangal bones. Conclusion: Lambda-cyhalothrin, dibenzalacetone and derivatives of heptanone result in numbers of congenital gross and skeletal abnormalities that indicate their teratogenic effect. KEY WORDS: Lambada, Congenital, Skeletal, Dibenzalacetone, Heptanone, Teratogenic.
The Role of Russian Youth's Media Activism in Mediatization of Politics
Authors: Gureeva Anna
Published: March 2021

Mediatization of politics has a variety of theoretical and conceptual grounds, and is considered by researchers as both one-way and two-way communication between the state and the society. Foreign media researchers view mediatization of politics as a path to an open government and democratization of the state, and emphasize the need to develop civic engagement in the media environment. In national studies, mediatization of politics is still dominated by perception of media as mediator commissioned by the government to influence participants of the political dialogue. The article makes an attempt to consider the mediatization of politics as a consequence of Russian youths media activism. Today's young people are increasingly showing their interest in participating in political processes. They are particularly interested in the formation of civil society, human rights and freedoms, and justice within the framework of common European values. Media activism of Russian youth and their influence on the development of media policy was particularly pronounced in 2019, which can be seen in three cases: the Golunov case, the Voice-Children case, and the case of the construction of the Church in Yekaterinburg. The authors make a comparative analysis of publication activity based on these information events in the official media and in Instagram, which enables them to infer that the role of media activity of Russian youth in the process of mediatization of politics is increasing.
Trading Methods Evolution in a Provincial Siberian Town at the Edge of XIX–XX Centuries (Verkhneudinsk Cited as an Example)
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kalmina Lilia
Published: March 2021

The article covers trading enterprise methods in a provincial Siberian town and the process of their development at the edge of XIX–XX centuries, the essence of town trade transformation, Trans-Siberian Railway role as its main factor and reasons for preserving archaic trading forms, a fair as an example, having been analysed.
From the History of the Quartering of the 20th Eastern Siberian Region in Troitskosavsk in 1908
Authors:   Independent Researcher, Kurguzov Pavel
Published: March 2021

Based on archival and data of Russian historiography, the article analyzes the course and main results of the cantonment of the 20th East Siberian Regiment of the 2nd Army Corps of the Russian Imperial Army in Troitskosavsk (now Kyakhta) in 1908–1909, XX century. The main problems associated with the deployment of this military unit, the consequences of this event for the economy of Troitskosavsk and the county of the same name are analyzed. For the first time, data on the number of rank-and-file and regiment officers placed at the time of the study (1908–1909) in Troitskosavsk are being put into scientific circulation.
Тhe Growth of Smuggling of Excise Goods in the Eastern Russian Empire in the Early 20th Century
Authors:   ESI Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Sinichenko Vladimir ,   ESI Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Tokarevа Galina
Published: March 2021

The article states that after the introduction of customs in the Russian Far East in the late XIX century the growth of smuggling along the land and sea border in the Russian Far East began. Alcohol was the main smuggling commodity. For the production and subsequent smuggling of alcohol in the territory of North-East China — Manchuria, factories were created, which produced alcoholic products supplied both in Transbaikalia, and Priamurye and Primorye. A major role in countering smuggling was played by the ranks of the Korchem guards, who not only identified small smugglers — Chinese and Kazacks, but also detained representatives of Manchurian alcohol factories together with Russian police officers.
Land Reform as a Means of Incorporation of the Buryat People Into the Russian Empire (the Second Half of the XIX – Early XX Centuries)
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Sosnerzh Kristina
Published: March 2021

The article considers a set of measures aimed at strengthening the unity of the European and Asian parts of Russia within the Empire. The article analyzes the role of the spread of agriculture among the indigenous population in the process of economic integration of the Siberian region. It also shows the role of Christianity as an additional and no less important tool for attracting nomadic Buryats to settle.
Multilateral Banks’ Participation in Infrastructure Projects of the Eurasian Economic Union and in the Belt and Road Initiative in Central Asia
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after B.N. Yeltsin (Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation), Burnasov Alexander S. , Muratshina Ksenia G. ,   Ural Federal University named after B.N. Yeltsin (Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation)
Published: March 2021

This article analyses the infrastructure projects in Central Asia, which are being financed by two major international organisations, two multilateral banks: the Eurasian Development Bank (EDB) and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). The article aims to evaluate the activity of these two institutions in the region and to compare their priorities and the probable efficiency of their projects for the development of Central Asian countries. The choice of the region for the study is conditioned by the fact that Central Asian states are Russia’s close neighbours, and the whole region is characterised by its critical strategic value for Russia’s foreign policy. The methodology of the study is based on the use of discourse analysis of the organisations’ documents, accessible for public: agreements, plans, reports, project-related documentation. In addition, the authors have monitored and analysed the relevant news archives of Russian and foreign mass media. The article consequently analyses the typology of both organisations through the lens of the international integration studies, the institutional structure of the EDB and the AIIB, the specific features of their functioning as international relations actors, and the actual infrastructure projects financed by these institutions in Central Asia. The study demonstrates that the policies and the priorities of the two international banks differ considerably. While the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank prefers to finance the construction of roads and energy infrastructure, the Eurasian Development Bank remarkably credits production more and finances projects aimed at the industrial cooperation of Eurasian countries. Obviously, in the view of the long-term development, all areas of infrastructure expansion are worth financing; however, one can note that projects, approved by the EDB, can be characterised as more significant both at the present stage and in the long-term perspective. In addition, they contribute to the development of regional economic cooperation and Eurasian integration. If we look at the environmental and social safety of the infrastructure projects, the activities of the AIIB, regardless of its declarations on sustainable development, bear certain risks due to the existing cases of violation of environmental rules by the bank’s founder and major operator – the People’s Republic of China – in its infrastructure projects abroad. This circumstance highlights the critical importance of elaboration of national and multilateral mechanisms of control and inspection of major international infrastructure projects, as well as the necessity to fulfill the obligation of demanding their approval by the citizens of the recipient countries.
Technopolitics in the Ibero-American Region
Authors:   MGIMO-University, (Moscow, Russian Federation), Kryukova Elena V. , Savchuk Elena A. ,   MGIMO-University, (Moscow, Russian Federation), Davtian Iuliia V. ,   MGIMO-University, (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Published: March 2021

In recent decades, the active interaction of innovative technologies and politics has given a rise to a new specific phenomenon –technopolitics. It is acquiring clearer outlines and seeks to obtain the status of a separate applied discipline. Technopolitics includes the whole range of tools used by politicians, political organizations and political strategists within the Internet space in order to collect information about the potential electorate, form a strategy and influence the mood of voters. The main elements of technopolitics are social networks, mobile applications and specialized sites. They become an ideal platform for understanding the mood in society, forming a roadmap on key issues, which allows solving both internal and foreign policy tasks. The authors of this research set the aim to analyze examples of technopolitics functioning in the countries of the Ibero-American region, which includes countries with an impressive number of Internet users and one of the highest levels of political participation. As a result of the research, the authors come to the conclusion that Spain and the countries of Latin America are actively involved in technopolitics, which is proved by the activities of local political organizations that develop their activity in the framework of Internet communications. The creation of social media accounts and own websites is aimed at an active interaction with citizens without the participation of traditional media as an intermediary. Operative response to changes in shades of public opinion allows political parties to timely change the vector of their movement. Citizens’ general engagement in technopolitics led to truly revolutionary changes in the hierarchy of the “candidatevoter”, endowing the voter with truly democratic instruments of influencing the government, and thereby increasing the percentage of political participation of citizens disenchanted with the former relations between the institution of power and the people. The Internet has allowed an ordinary person to turn into a real political actor organizing transparent discussions, easily involving a large number of people in solving political issues. People are no longer required to vote within the framework of the proposed alternative, but asked for their opinion. Much of this change is due to the creation of Twitter, a platform opened to discussion of various issues and free from censorship, very popular in the countries of the Ibero-American region.
The Relevance of Student Differentiation in the Modern System of Continuing Education
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (Ufa, Russian Federation), Fatkullin Nikolay Yu. , Shamshovich Valentina F. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (Ufa, Russian Federation), Vaindorf-Sysoeva Marina E. ,   Moscow Pedagogical State University (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Published: March 2021

The rapidly evolving digital economy creates a need for a transformation of the education system. In modern conditions, the requirements for both the student and the teacher are changing. The teacher, in order to improve his/her professional skills, needs to enhance and take courses in continuing education. At Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, courses for faculty on modern educational technologies are organized. Each student is given the opportunity to acquire competencies for the independent formation of a course in their discipline in the educational environment. When implementing the program of the refresher course, one should take into account the known heterogeneity of the student population. The authors put forward the following research hypothesis: similar sets of students in the course can be divided into stable clusters that form stable patterns with homogeneous characteristic features. The study examined a sample of students of continuing education courses of 187 people. Initially, the study of the relationship between the sample parameters using standard statistics did not lead to obvious results. It was hypothesized that there were differences in the behavior of students of different age, sex, etc. Data for analysis requires preliminary processing of the initial set. The set of all students can be conditionally divided into subgroups, a typical representative – the pattern – is then singled out. Identifying a typical representative makes it possible to distinguish his/her typical behavior or result of a certain activity. Further, the sample was divided into clusters in the STATISTICA package. The clustering methods used were k-means and EM. This choice is due to the following advantages of the methods: relative ease of use; clustering visualization; convergence of the algorithm (impossibility of looping). The number of clusters is not known in advance; the EM algorithm is poorly applied with weak differentiation of the initial set into clusters (comparison with the results of the k-means method); the results are volatile. To verify the adequacy of the results obtained, clustering was performed using the maximum likelihood method. The results obtained for clusters of the highest differentiation in this case are almost identical. Thus, the approach proposed by the authors to identify sustainable groups allows forming patterns of course participants. By identifying clusters, teachers that conduct training are given the opportunity to highlight the characteristic features of these patterns. The results of the proposed approach can be used in predicting the success of training, as well as for choosing a methodology for controlling the impact on students by the teacher.
Fluorescent mutants screening in 96 well plates - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii v1
Authors: Vitor Molino Joao
Published: March 2021

This protocol is intended for screening experiments with algae cells. Nevertheless, with modifications, it can be used for other microrganims. It is possible to use this protocol with deep-well plates, with modifications.
High GC-content PCR v1
Authors: Vitor Molino Joao
Published: March 2021

X7 is a a Pfu-sso7d fusion DNA polymerase that is compatible with uracil-excision cloning and has been used with sucess to amplify our high GC-content sequences and it is a valuable tool for USER clonning. Before starting Please note that protocols with X7 may differ from protocols with other polymerases. Conditions recommended below were tested with our sequences, mostly high GC-content sequences from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii expression vectors. Please refer to the original work that develop the fusion polymerase. All components should be mixed prior to use. Reference: Nørholm, M. H. H. (2010). A mutant Pfu DNA polymerase designed for advanced uracil-excision DNA engineering. BMC Biotechnology, 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6750-10-21
ALM Window Surgery v1
Authors: Daie Kayvon , Wang Tim , Singh Amrita , Finkelstein Arseny , Kim JJ , Rozsa Marton , Svoboda Karel
Published: March 2021

Protocol for Head Post and Cranial Window Surgery developed at Janelia Research Campus in the Svoboda Lab Developed by Karel Svoboda for Trachtenberg et al 2002 Improved by Anthony Holtmaat for Holtmaat et al 2006 and Holtmaat et al 2009 Improved by Daniel Huber for Huber et al 2012 Compiled by Bryan Maclennan (2013), Abridged version by Courtney Davis (2015) Compiled to protocols.io by JJ Kim (2019) Note: This outline only provides practical step-by-step advice. All surgeons should be familiar with and carefully adhere to the official animal protocol and current procedures posted on the Svoboda lab wiki. Trachtenberg, J. T., Chen, B. E., Knott, G. W., Feng, G., Sanes, J. R., Welker, E., & Svoboda, K. (2002). Long-term in vivo imaging of experience-dependent synaptic plasticity in adult cortex. Nature, 420(6917), 788–794. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01273 Holtmaat, A., Wilbrecht, L., Knott, G. W., Welker, E., & Svoboda, K. (2006). Experience-dependent and cell-type-specific spine growth in the neocortex. Nature, 441(7096), 979–983. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04783 Holtmaat, A., Bonhoeffer, T., Chow, D. K., Chuckowree, J., De Paola, V., Hofer, S. B., Hübener, M., Keck, T., Knott, G., Lee, W. C. A., Mostany, R., Mrsic-Flogel, T. D., Nedivi, E., Portera-Cailliau, C., Svoboda, K., Trachtenberg, J. T., & Wilbrecht, L. (2009). Long-term, high-resolution imaging in the mouse neocortex through a chronic cranial window. Nature Protocols, 4(8), 1128–1144. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2009.89 Huber, D., Gutnisky, D. A., Peron, S., O’Connor, D. H., Wiegert, J. S., Tian, L., Oertner, T. G., Looger, L. L., & Svoboda, K. (2012). Multiple dynamic representations in the motor cortex during sensorimotor learning. Nature, 484(7395), 473–478. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11039
Dried blood spot preparation and testing for commercial ELISA kits v1
Authors: J Reinhardt Brian , Taylor Robert
Published: March 2021

The following protocol was used for preparing dried blood spots in conjunction with serum samples for ELISA testing. Multiple plates were prepared and analyzed together. Elution of dried blood spots were prepared using published methods. Eluates serum samples and analyzed together. In this project varicella zoster, hepatitis A, tetanus toxoid and measles. These experiments were conducted for a project in which we hypothesized that DBS eluates and Serum specimens would correlate relatively when testing these specimens for selected viral antibodies using commercially prepared ELISA kits. With the goals of comparing the efficiency of dried blood spots and serum dilutions in the detection of IgG antibodies against: a) Measles, b)Tetanus, c)Varicella, d)Influenza and d) Hepatitis A. Secondarily, we aimed to determine the stability of the dried blood spot at relevant temperature changes and over time.
DAYA TERIMA WAJIT NANGKA SEBAGAI VARIAN WAJIT KHAS CILILIN BANDUNG BARAT
Authors: Miftahul Sifa , Juwaedah Ade , Nurani Atat Siti
Published: March 2021

Cililin memiliki beragam kuliner dan makanan yang khas, salah satu oleh-oleh atau makanan khas dari kecamatan Cililin yaitu wajit. Dari data hasil penjualan yang didapat bahwa penjualan wajit Cililin mengalami penurunan pada periode 2017-2018, dengan demikian perlu adanya inovasi terhadap produk oleh-oleh khas Cililin tersebut yaitu dengan memberikan varian rasa pada wajit dengan penambahan daging buah nangka beserta bijinya. Bandung Barat termasuk produksi nangka terbesar ke-4 di Jawa Barat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membuat resep wajit nangka dan menganalisis uji hedonik daya terima wajit nangka. Selain daging buahnya, biji nangka dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi bahan pengganti dari bahan utama wajit yaitu beras ketan karena biji nangka memiliki 83,73% amilopektin dan 16,23% amilosa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memanfaatkan produksi buah nangka yang di inovasikan dengan oleh-oleh khas Cililin yaitu wajit. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah dengan metode eksperimental yaitu dengan menganalisis resep wajit Cililin dan mengambil sampel dari wajit merk “SR” untuk dilakukan uji sensori, selanjutnya melakukan uji coba produk wajit nangka sebanyak 2 kali. Dengan adanya penelitian ini, setelah melakukan QDA (Quantitative Descriptive Analisys) oleh 15 orang panelis semi terlatih, terdapat hasil kriteria wajit nangka warna cokelat gelap, rasa manis kuat, rasa gurih hampir lemah, aroma nangka tercium, aroma kelapa cukup tercium, aroma gula merah tercium dan tekstur yang cukup. Hasil uji hedonik wajit nangka dapat disimpulkan dari kesan keseluruhan bahwa 50% panelis menyatakan suka dan 50 % panelis menyatakan sangat suka pada produk wajit nangka
Multiplatform Application Technology – Based Heutagogy on Learning Batik: A Curriculum Development Framework
Authors: Widiaty Isma , Riza Lala Septem , Abdullah Ade Gafar , Mubaroq Sugeng Rifqi
Published: March 2021

This  study  aimed  to  design  a  batik  learning  medium  for vocational high school students in based on multiplatform. The application  made was expected  to support heutagogy approach – based learning and to deal with the development of  science  and  technology  integrated  in  the  curriculum  of vocational high schools. The application developed, namely e-botik,  was  an  integration  of  several  previously-designed applications using Code ignitor (CI) framework. The database used was My-SQL. It is commonly known that Code igniter is an open source web application framework utilized to create dynamic PHP applications. In this study, e-botik consisted of three main  components  including interface, database,  and application  programming  interface  (API).  Some  of  the applications combined were ARtikon_joyful (Android-based), Video Kasumedangan Batik (movie player), Nalungtik  Batik (desktop-based),  Digi_Learnik  (web-based),  Batik  UPI (manual),  Batik  Cireundeu  (manual),  and  Lembar  Balik (manual). The combination proceeded web-based so that it was  compatible  with  various  operating  systems.  The application (e-botik) was designed and then tested. The test was  performed  through  whitebox  testing  and  blackbox testing. The results of the test showed that it ran well and was able to be used a batik learning media. It is expected that students  can  utilize  e-botik  in  selecting  topics  of  learning batik in accordance with their competences and needs. This condition enables e-botik to support learning batik through heutagogical approach. In addition, the application was also validated in terms of both system and usage aspects.
The Mobile Robot Control in Obstacle Avoidance Using Fuzzy Logic Controller
Authors: Khairudin M. , Refalda R. , Yatmono S. , Pramono H. S. , Triatmaja A. K. , Shah A
Published: March 2021

A very challenging problem in mobile robot systems is mostly in obstacle avoidance strategies. This study aims to describe how the obstacle avoidance system on mobile robots works. This system is designed automatically using fuzzy logic control (FLC) developed using Matlab to help the mobile robots to avoid a head-on collision. The FLC designs were simulated on the mobile robot system. The simulation was conducted by comparing FLC performance to the proportional integral derivative (PID) controller. The simulation results indicate that FLC works better with lower settling time performance. To validate the results, FLC was used in a mobile robot system. It shows that FLC can control the velocity by braking or accelerating according to the sensor input installed in front of the mobile robot. The FLC control system functions as ultrasonic sensor input or a distance sensor. The input voltage was simulated with the potentiometer, whereas the output was shown by the velocity of DC motor. This study employed the simulation work in Simulink and Matlab, while the experimental work used laboratory scale of mobile robots. The results show that the velocity control of DC motors with FLC produces accurate data, so the robot could avoid the existing obstacles. The findings indicate that the simulation and the experimental work of FLC for mobile robot in obstacle avoidance are very close.
Clinic Pathological Evaluation of Benign Breasts Lesion
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Banas Medical College, Palanpur, Gujarat, India, Chaudhari Dr. Bharat Muljibhai , Madiya Dr. Ashish N ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Baroda, Gujarat, India
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Benign breast lesions are more common than malignant tumours. Hence recognizingthem is important from the viewpoints of therapy and prognosis. Methodology: The materials forthe study comprised of resected specimens of breast lesions received in the pathology departmentKarnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubballi from May 2010 to April 2015. Results: A total of600 cases of benign breast lesions were recorded. Fibroadenoma was the commonest benign breastlesions comprising 70.82%, followed by fibrocystic disease 12%, benign phyllodes tumour 8.3%.The majority of benign breast lesions occurred in the 2nd decade and 3rd decade. Conclusion:Benign breast lesions were common. Conclusion: The most frequently encountered breast lesionswere fibroadenomas. So recognizing them is important for therapy and prognosis.