bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Usage and Analysis of Big Data in E-Health Domain
Authors: Mishra Sushruta , Tripathy Hrudaya Kumar , Mishra Brojo Kishore , Sahoo Soumya
Published: October 2021

Big data analytics is a growth area with the potential to provide useful insight in healthcare. Big Data can unify all patient related data to get a 360-degree view of the patient to analyze and predict outcomes. It can improve clinical practices, new drug development and health care financing process. It offers a lot of benefits such as early disease detection, fraud detection and better healthcare quality and efficiency. This chapter introduces the Big Data concept and characteristics, health care data and some major issues of Big Data. These issues include Big Data benefits, its applications and opportunities in medical areas and health care. Methods and technology progress about Big Data are presented in this study. Big Data challenges in medical applications and health care are also discussed. While many dimensions of big data still present issues in its use and adoption, such as managing the volume, variety, velocity, veracity, and value, the accuracy, integrity, and semantic interpretation are of greater concern in clinical application.
Building High Quality Big Data-Based Applications in Supply Chains
Authors: Pal Kamalendu
Published: October 2021

Global retail business has become diverse and latest Information Technology (IT) advancements have created new possibilities for the management of the deluge of data generated by world-wide business operations of its supply chain. In this business, external data from social media and supplier networks provide a huge influx to augment existing data. This is combined with data from sensors and intelligent machines, commonly known as Internet of Things (IoT) data. This data, originating from the global retail supply chain, is simply known as Big Data - because of its enormous volume, the velocity with which it arrives in the global retail business environment, its veracity to quality related issues, and values it generates for the global supply chain. Many retail products manufacturing companies are trying to find ways to enhance their quality of operational performance while reducing business support costs. They do this primarily by improving defect tracking and better forecasting. These manufacturing and operational improvements along with a favorable customer experience remain crucil to thriving in global competition. In recent years, Big Data and its associated technologies are attracting huge research interest with academics, industry practitioners, and government agencies. Big Data-based software applications are widely used within retail supply chain management - in recommendation, prediction, and decision support systems. The spectacular growth of these software systems has enormous potential for improving the daily performance of retail product and service companies. However, there are increasingly data quality problems resulting in erroneous tesing costs in retail Supply Chain Management (SCM). The heavy investment made in Big Data-based software applications puts increasing pressure on management to justify the quality assurance in these software systems. This chapter discusses about data quality and the dimensions of data quality for Big Data applications. It also examines some of the challenges presented by managing the quality and governance of Big Data, and how those can be balanced with the need of delivery usable Big Data-based software systems. Finally, the chapter highlights the importance of data governance; and it also includes some of the Big Data managerial practice related issues and their justifications for achieving application software quality assurance.
Distributed Streaming Big Data Analytics for Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Krishnan Sornalakshmi , Jayavel Kayalvizhi
Published: October 2021

In this chapter, a discussion on the integration of distributed streaming Big Data Analytics with the Internet of Things is presented. The chapter begins with the introduction of these two technologies by discussing their features and characteristics. Discussion on how the integration of these two technologies benefit in efficient processing of IoT device generated sensor data follows next. Such data centric processing of IoT data powered by cloud, services and other enablers will be the architecture of most of the realtime systems involving sensors and real-time monitoring and actuation. The Volume, Variety and Velocity of sensor generated data make it a Big Data scenario. In addition, the data is real time and requires decisions or actuations immediately. This chapter discusses how IoT data can be processed using distributed, scalable stream processing systems. The chapter is concluded with future directions of such real time Big Data Analytics in IoT.
Application of Big Data in Digital Epidemiology
Authors: Naaz Sameena , Siddiqui Farheen
Published: October 2021

Epidemiology is the study of dynamics of health and disease in human population. It aims to identify the occurrence, pattern, and etiology of human diseases so that the causes of these diseases can be understood, which in turn will help in preventing their spread. In traditional epidemiology, the data is collected by various public health agencies through various means. Many times, the actual figures vary a lot from the one reported. Sometimes this difference is due to human errors, but most of the time, it is due to intentional underreporting. Big data techniques can be used to analyze this huge amount of data so as to extract useful information from it. The electronic health data is so large and complex that it cannot be processed using traditional software and hardware. It is also not possible to manage this data using traditional data management tools. This data is huge in terms of volume as well as diversity and the speed at which it is being generated. The ability to combine and analyze these different sources of data has huge impact on epidemic tracking.
Big Data Analytics Using Apache Hive to Analyze Health Data
Authors: Konagala Pavani
Published: October 2021

A large volume of data is stored electronically. It is very difficult to measure the total volume of that data. This large amount of data is coming from various sources such as stock exchange, which may generate terabytes of data every day, Facebook, which may take about one petabyte of storage, and internet archives, which may store up to two petabytes of data, etc. So, it is very difficult to manage that data using relational database management systems. With the massive data, reading and writing from and into the drive takes more time. So, the storage and analysis of this massive data has become a big problem. Big data gives the solution for these problems. It specifies the methods to store and analyze the large data sets. This chapter specifies a brief study of big data techniques to analyze these types of data. It includes a wide study of Hadoop characteristics, Hadoop architecture, advantages of big data and big data eco system. Further, this chapter includes a comprehensive study of Apache Hive for executing health-related data and deaths data of U.S. government.
A Study of Big Data Processing for Sentiments Analysis
Authors: Chander Dinesh , Singh Hari , Gupta Abhinav Kirti
Published: October 2021

Data processing has become an important field in today's big data-dominated world. The data has been generating at a tremendous pace from different sources. There has been a change in the nature of data from batch-data to streaming-data, and consequently, data processing methodologies have also changed. Traditional SQL is no longer capable of dealing with this big data. This chapter describes the nature of data and various tools, techniques, and technologies to handle this big data. The chapter also describes the need of shifting big data on to cloud and the challenges in big data processing in the cloud, the migration from data processing to data analytics, tools used in data analytics, and the issues and challenges in data processing and analytics. Then the chapter touches an important application area of streaming data, sentiment analysis, and tries to explore it through some test case demonstrations and results.
Big Data for Prediction
Authors: Pejic-Bach Mirjana , Pivar Jasmina , Krstić Živko
Published: October 2021

Technical field of big data for prediction lures the attention of different stakeholders. The reasons are related to the potentials of the big data, which allows for learning from past behavior, discovering patterns and values, and optimizing business processes based on new insights from large databases. However, in order to fully utilize the potentials of big data, its stakeholders need to understand the scope and volume of patenting related to big data usage for prediction. Therefore, this chapter aims to perform an analysis of patenting activities related to big data usage for prediction. This is done by (1) exploring the timeline and geographic distribution of patenting activities, (2) exploring the most active assignees of technical content of interest, (3) detecting the type of the protected technical according to the international patent classification system, and (4) performing text-mining analysis to discover the topics emerging most often in patents' abstracts.
Big Data and IoT Applications in Real Life Environment
Authors: Chaudhary Anjali , Tomar Pradeep
Published: October 2021

Big data and the Internet of Things (IoT) are the recent innovations in this era of smart world. Both of these technologies are proving very beneficial for today's fast-moving lifestyle. Both technologies are connected to each other and used together in many real-world applications. Big data and IoT have their uses and applications in almost every area from homes to industries, from agriculture to manufacturing, from transportation to warehousing, from food industries to entertainment industry, even from our shoe to robotics. This chapter discusses various applications of big data and IoT in detail and also discusses how both the technologies are affecting our daily life and how it can make things better.
Nanotechnology and Its Applications in Environmental Remediation
Authors: Nyika Joan Mwihaki
Published: October 2021

Decontamination of pollutants from soil, air, and water is a challenging quest in contemporary society due to the recalcitrant, bioaccumulative, and bio-resistant nature of such contaminants. Remediation processes of these environmental contaminants relies on a number of processes including adsorption, photocatalysis, redox transformations, and filtration among other chemical reactions. The use of nanotechnology to enhance the performance of remediation processes has developed research interest in modern day due to the high reactivity and environmental friendliness associated with nanoparticles. This chapter explores the science behind the application of nanotechnology in environmental remediation, the processes used in decontaminating environmental media, and the various categories of nanomaterials. Various examples based on literature are used to enhance insight on the subject.
World of the Dye
Authors: Srivastava Anamika , Shukla Shruti , Jangid Nirmala Kumari , Srivastava Manish , Vishwakarma Rajendra
Published: October 2021

The textile sector is 14% of total industrial production in India and contributes to about 4% of the gross domestic product and earns about 27% of India's total foreign exchange. Worldwide, up to 10,000 dyes are available and their annual production is above 7×105 metric tons, which are being used not only in textile sector but also applied in paper, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Textile industries in India have been consuming more than 100 L of water to process 1 kg of textiles and have contributed heavily in polluting surface and ground water resources in many regions of the country. The toxic and carcinogenic effect of untreated textile effluent is well understood. The decolorization and detoxification of industrial dye effluents is the most important aspect and is a major concern to meet environmental regulations. This chapter presents a review of literature on the significance of bioremediation technologies over other physicochemical methods for efficient removal of textile dyes from industrial waste effluents to improve the fragile ecosystems in different regions of the world.
Addressing the Sustainable Development Goals Through Environmental Education
Authors: Stevenson Carolyn N.
Published: October 2021

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4 Quality Education has increased awareness in pre-university environmental education efforts. Environmental education is important to not only creating awareness of world environmental issues, but taking action towards fostering positive change. Environmental education programs such as SeaTrust Institute's AWARE (Action Within a Resilient Environment) assist teens in learning about issues that directly impact their communities and their world. AWARE combines environmental education with hands-on experiential learning projects that help promote environmental awareness in their communities. Through education and experience with active scholars and professional practitioners, students gain an increased understanding of environmental challenges and ways to make a positive impact – both domestically and globally. This is especially critical to developing countries which lack the educational programs and resources to address the impact environmental changes have on their nations and communities.
Gender Equality and Sustainable Development Within the Scope of Peace as a Global Public Good
Authors: Şeren Kurular Gamze Yıldız
Published: October 2021

In this chapter, it aimed to bring a multidimensional approach to the “peace” process. The elements of this multiple approach are gender equality and global public policies. It is thought that the mobilization of these two elements in the peace process will be the cornerstone of sustainable development in the world. In this context, gender equality (Goal 5) and peace, justice and strong insights (Goal 16), which is one of the United Nations' sustainable development goals, are engaged in the global public policies. Accordingly, public policies and the peace process involving women will lead to a chain impact that will support sustainable development. While ensuring gender equality provides a solution in the peace process, peace building, and gender equality contribute to sustainable development together. Because the empowerment of the most damaged society in the post-war period will undoubtedly contribute to sustainable development.
Agricultural Information Systems (AGRIS) as a Catalyst for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Africa
Authors: Raimi Lukman , Che Ferdinand Ndifor , Mutiu Rufai Mohammed
Published: October 2021

The absence of well-developed agricultural information systems (AGRIS) has continued to hinder agricultural development in Africa. Efforts designed to modernize agriculture through AGRIS by the public and private sectors have been hindered by administrative bottlenecks, weak political will from governments, display of ineptitude by farmers/associations, and institutional corruption. In view of the foregoing, this chapter discusses AGRIS as a catalyst for SDGs in Africa. An effective AGRIS will strengthen decisions on the general management of the agricultural sector. Deploying the AGRIS for the management of agriculture will boost food production, increase the GDPs and directly strengthen the actualization of SDG 1, SDG 2, SDG 3, SDG 8, SDG 9, SDG 10, SDG 11, SDG 12, SDG 14, SDG 15, SDG 17, and indirectly impact other SDGs. Ultimately, this chapter suggests leveraging AGRIS for mitigating all the identified challenges to agricultural development in the continent.
A Decent Work and Economic Growth
Authors: Basarud-Din Siti Khalilah Binti , Zainal Hafizah Binti
Published: October 2021

Asnaf entrepreneur is a micro SME entrepreneur who plays a significant role in the contribution of the economic sectors. In 2018, Malaysia registered a total of 907,065 SMEs, with micro-enterprises accounting for 2.3% (20,612) of the total. The poor and needy entrepreneur is also part of the successful key to support Malaysian to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The objective of this study is to identify the potential of poor and needy entrepreneur in Kedah Zakat Board (LZNK) to achieve SDGs. This paper uses a conceptual study method and explore the literature as a guide for enhancing knowledge on this area. This paper suggests a potential sustainable development model with four variables of poor and needy entrepreneurs in achieving SDGs goals. The contributions and implications of the study are discussed at the end of this paper.
The Global Challenge and Re-Evaluation of Ecological Tourism in Line With Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Yilmaz Gul
Published: October 2021

In the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by the UN General Assembly on 5 September 2015, 17 targets were set in line with the Sustainable Development Targets. In this study, the Sustainable Development Goal 15 (SDG15)—protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss—is discussed within the framework of the tourism sector. The study aims to propose a sustainable tourism vision and policy in line with the SDG 15. The study suggests the development of ecological tourism, which is a sustainable tourism vision, in line with SDGs.
Political Clientelism and Sustainable Development
Authors: Sidha Zedekia
Published: October 2021

This chapter examines the dilemmas faced by policy makers and bureaucratic executives in implementing sustainable development policy objectives. The dilemma stems from the fact that while on the one hand, implementation of sustainable development goals requires momentary sacrifices by some segment of the population for the long-term benefits of the whole population, on the other hand, those entrusted to make implementation decisions are in office only for a short period of time thereby constrained to pursue policy objectives that maximize short-time benefits and minimizes short-term costs. To discuss these challenges, the chapter employs the case of Mau Forest Complex conservation efforts in Kenya. It is advanced that political clientelism is the main explanatory factor for both Mau Forest distraction and failure of its conservation efforts. It recommends employment of the incremental model to public policy implementation for forest conservation efforts, as well as political sensitivity and intense grassroots mobilization.
A Proposed Approach for Building a SARS-COV-2 Watch in the IoT Network
Authors: Daoud Maissa
Published: October 2021

Considering the conditions that we are living in since 2020 and the cases of death caused by covid, all the researchers of the world have participated in defending humanity from this epidemic. Like all these people, the author has thought about what she cannot reduce but to specify the number of cases in an environment thanks to this project called “SARS-COV-2 watch,” and this measures the temperature of the owner and also informs him in the case of someone close to him at a distance less than one meter who is infected. The proposed SARS-COV-2 watch design consists of a case to place all components, a metal cap to conduct heat into the main temperature sensor, an LCD screen to display the temperature data, and a button to activate the temperature conversion and display it on the LCD screen. In order to inform the watch wearer that there is someone around him with high temperature, the author integrated a vibrating module. This small vibrating motor is ideal for projects with haptic feedback.
Recent Trends in Block Chain Technology
Authors: S. Kannadhasan , Nagarajan R.
Published: October 2021

Blockchain is a peer-to-peer (P2P) distributed ledger technology that provides openness and confidence for a new age of transactional applications. The fundamental fabric for bitcoin is blockchain, which is a design pattern made up of three core elements: a distributed network, a public ledger, and digital transactions. Digital transactions are recorded in a public ledger by members of the distributed network. Members of the network run algorithms to test and validate the planned transaction before adding it to the network. The latest transaction is applied to the public ledger if a number of the network participants believe that the transaction is legitimate. In minutes or seconds, changes to the public ledger are mirrored in all copies of the blockchain. A transaction is immutable after it has been added and cannot be reversed or deleted. No one user of the network has the ability to tamper with or change data, and everybody in the network has a full copy of the blockchain. Blockchain is a peer-to-peer (P2P) network of nodes made up of network members.
IronyTR
Authors: Ozturk Asli Umay , Cemek Yesim , Karagoz Pinar
Published: October 2021

Irony, which is a way of expression through the use of the opposite, commonly occurs in daily social media posts. Hence, automatic detection of irony is essential to understand the semantics of informal texts more accurately. The literature has several sentiment analysis studies on Turkish texts, but those focusing on irony detection are very few. This paper investigates the effectiveness of a rich set of supervised learning methods varying from traditional to deep neural solutions on Turkish texts. Traditional irony detection methods such as support vector machine (SVM) and tree-based binary classifiers are analyzed on Turkish informal texts. Furthermore, such methods are extended by polarity-based information and graph-based similarity scores as features. Additionally, neural architecture-based solutions including BERT and various LSTM network models are adapted for the problem. Irony detection performance of all the methods are comparatively analyzed on a data set collected within this study, which is larger than the previously used irony detection data sets in Turkish.
Classification of Parkinson's Disease Using Motor and Non-Motor Biomarkers Through Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Cingireddy Anirudh Reddy , Ghosh Robin , Melapu Venkata Kiran , Joginipelli Sravanthi , Kwembe Tor A.
Published: October 2021

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most neurodegenerative disease in the United States of America after Alzheimer's disease. The Parkinson's disease patients and scans without evidence for dopaminergic deficit (SWEDD) patients will share the same symptoms, and It's hard to differentiate the PD, SWEDD patients, and healthy controls in the progression of PD. In this research, we classified PD patients, SWEDD patients, and healthy controls by considering motor and non-motor biomarkers, namely MDS-UPDRS part 1, SCOPA score, and QUIP-RS from the PPMI database by using supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms, namely Knn, logistic regression, XGBooting, naive Bayes, Decision tree, Random Forest, Support vector machine, multilayer perceptron , and K-means clustering, respectively. Random Forest scored 0.98 percent accuracy among all these algorithms and can identify and differentiate PD, SWEDD, and Healthy controls patients by motor and non-motor biomarkers.
Single-Cell Analysis of the In Vivo Dynamics of Host Circulating Immune Cells Highlights the Importance of Myeloid Cells in Avian Flaviviral Infection
Authors: Liang Yumeng , Ma Yong , Zhang Yanhui , Chen Zhijie , Wang Zhitao , Li Xuefeng , Cui Lu , Xu Li , Liu Shengwang , Li Hai
Published: October 2021

Ducks are an economically important waterfowl but a natural reservoir for some zoonotic pathogens, such as influenza virus and flaviviruses. Our understanding of the duck immune system and its interaction with viruses remains incomplete. In this study, we constructed the transcriptomic landscape of duck circulating immune cells, the first line of defense in the arthropod-borne transmission of arboviruses, using high-throughput single-cell transcriptome sequencing, which defined 14 populations of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLks) based on distinct molecular signatures and revealed differences in the clustering of PBLks between ducks and humans. Taking advantage of in vivo sex differences in the susceptibility of duck PBLks to avian tembusu virus (TMUV) infection, a mosquito-borne flavivirus newly emerged from ducks with a broad host range from mosquitos to mammals, a comprehensive comparison of the in vivo dynamics of duck PBLks upon TMUV infection between sexes was performed at the single-cell level. Using this in vivo model, we discovered that TMUV infection reprogrammed duck PBLks differently between sexes, driving the expansion of granulocytes and priming granulocytes and monocytes for antiviral immune activation in males but decreasing the antiviral immune activity of granulocytes and monocytes by restricting their dynamic transitions from steady states to antiviral states with a decrease in the abundance of circulating monocytes in females. This study provides insights into the initial immune responses of ducks to arthropod-borne flaviviral infection and provides a framework for studying duck antiviral immunity.
C.A.D. (Concept Aided Design ) study of excerebration: application to 20 Egyptian mummy heads from the Marro Collection,Turin
Authors: Bou Christophe , Treil Jacques , Rabino Massa Emma , Larrouy George
Published: October 2021

With medical scanning evolution and 3D software reconstruction,we can realize for some time past non destructive anthropological studies over mummies (Bou et al. 1998; Bou et al. 1997) [...]
Holographic surface imaging for archaeological applications
Authors: Frey Susanne , Gill-Robinson Heather , Thelen Andrea , Hirsch S. , Ladrière Natalie , Hering Peter
Published: October 2021

A new approach to precise 3D topometry for medical applications has been applied for the documentation of cultural heritage. The 3D imaging system works with pulsed holography. With a single pulse of a Nd:YLF laser, a surface is recorded with a holographic camera on photosensitive material. The short exposure time of 35 ns allows for high resolution 3D measurement without movement artefacts. The pulsed technique is robust against vibrations and the latest generation of cameras is portable and works at daylight. The holograms are digitized in a second selfcontained unit where the projections of the optically reconstructed real image of the hologram are recorded. Numerical data processing leads to a 3D computer model of the surface with intrinsic gray scale texture. In addition, full-scale daylight copies of the master hologram give an impressive detailed 3D view of the recorded object. The technique is used for 3D imaging of the Windeby Child bog body.
Mortal gunshot wound in an early 19th century mummy from central Italy
Authors: Fornaciari Gino , Costantini Lorenzo , Ciranni Rosalba
Published: October 2021

The crypt of the church of the «Saints Jesus and Mary» of Borgo Cerreto, a village near Spoleto (Umbria, central Italy), revealed the natural mummy of a soldier, dated at the first of the 19th century. The inferior half of the right thigh showed a large circular dressing. X-ray evidenced a comminuted fracture of the inferior third of the right femoral diaphysis, with the presence of small metallic fragments. A medication still in situ was present under the dressing. The wound of oval shape (2 x 1.6 cm in size), the comminuted fracture of the diaphysis and the tiny metallic fragments prove that we are in the presence of a gunshot wound. The size of the wound, well adapting to the 16 mm gauge of the military gun balls of the first half of the 19th century, allowed us to identify it with a typical bullet-hole.
Dental health in ancient Egypt
Authors: Miller Judith
Published: October 2021

The Ancient Egyptians suffered from devastating dental disease through the millennia and this may have caused premature mortality. The changes in types of dental disease were influenced by the transformation of life from hunter-gatherers to settled agriculturists and the introduction of new crops. The supply of crops was also affected by periods of famine caused by flooding or drought. Over 500 skulls from different geographical regions and time periods were examined for this study and examples of caries, premature loss of teeth and abscesses will be shown. Age at death has been calculated from the dentition. Although there were seven individuals with the title of “dentist”, their role is uncertain and an apparent lack of effective treatment has been observed despite dental prescriptions in the medical papyri.
Mummy studies and parasite infections in Brazil
Authors: Araújo Adauto , Reinhard Karl , Fernandes Alexandre , Sianto Luciana , Gonçalves Marcelo Luiz Carvalho , Mendonça de Souza Sheila Maria , Ferreira Luiz Frenando
Published: October 2021

Mummified bodies are unexpected finds in archaeological sites of tropical countries. Rain forests and humid climate provide poor environmental conditions to preserve organic remains. However, South American tropical environments also include dry savanna, such as the caatinga and the cerrado Brazilian biomes, as well as cold Highlands, where naturally mummified human bodies have been found in archaeological sites. [...]
Why did the Egyptians use natron for artificial embalming? An experimental study on organ mummification
Authors: Nerlich Andreas G. , Falter Judith , Zink Albert
Published: October 2021

The high standard of artificial mummification in ancient Egypt seems to result from a long period of empiric assessment. However, it still remains unclear why the ancient Egyptians used specific dehydration substances, such as natron, and not other comparable ones, such as sea salt (widely used for conserving foodstuffs). In order to contrast the effect of natron and salt in artificial mummification, we compared two pig hearts of similar size. One was embedded in natron, the other in sea salt up to 69 days at 37°C using Egyptian mummification procedures. The total weight of the two samples differed significantly during the period of observation, but was most obvious during the first 5 weeks. The heart in natron dehydrated more rapidly than the heart in salt. Histological tissue preservation was better in the natron sample. We suggest that empiric observations led the ancient Egyptians to realize the functional advantages of natron over sea salt, leading to optimal conservation of cadavers.
Human mummified remains from the Southern Gobi Desert. Preliminary report on the finds of ten executed individuals dating to the end of the great mongolian empire.
Authors: Frohlich Bruno , Bazarsad Naran , Hunt David , Batbold Natsag
Published: October 2021

In the spring of 2004 a joint team from the Mongolian Academy of Sciences and the Smithsonian Institution removed mummified human remains from a subterranean cave in the southern Mongolian Gobi Desert, just kilometers north of the Chinese border. The remains represent approximately ten individuals, adult and juvenile, and include stomach and bowel contents. Tentative analysis indicates that the individuals were killed through strangulation, garroting, and hanging. Radiometric dating on two samples suggests ages between 1300 AD and 1470 AD (2 sigma calibrated), contextualizing them into a period of volatile cultural change and crisis. Currently, the remains have been shipped to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC, and a study by a multidisciplinary team of Mongolian and American medical, archaeological, and anthropological researchers is in progress.
The Tyrolean Iceman and questions of taphonomy and tissue identification
Authors: Brothwell Don
Published: October 2021

Although the Iceman and some Egyptian mummies are described as well preserved, they can nevertheless display damage or decay from a microscopic to a gross macro level. During research on aspects of these bodies, it became clear that we still need to define levels of preservation in more detail, and perhaps even down to specific tissues. The reason for this is that poor observation is likely to obscure aspects of taphonomic reconstruction. It may also prevent correct forensic interpretation. The examples will provide some variable evidence for discussion.
The mummies of Kha and Merit: embalming ritual an restauration work
Authors: Marochetti Elisa Fiore , Oliva Cinza , Doneux Kristine , Curti Alessandra , Janot Francis
Published: October 2021

The bodies of both Kha and Merit were wrapped in a wide linen sheet stitched along the bottom; but Merit had a second funerary sheet and a painted mask. The condition of the textiles was very poor due to both age and long display. There was a general lack of strength and elasticity in the fibers which were fragile, very brittle and partly covered by dust.

In order to consolidate the textile of Merit, it was necessary to temporarily remove the mask and second sheet, which were conserved separately. After vacuum cleaning the mummies, consolidation was achieved by sewing a dyed nylon net around the bodies.
Remote ancestors or scientific evidence? Pre-Hispanic mummies from the Canary Islands in the media
Authors: Meneses Fernández Maria , García Morales Maria , Estévez González Fernando
Published: October 2021

People have always been fascinated by mummies. In Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain), the mummified remains of its ancient inhabitants are a source for superstition, fear, respectful recognition, collecting greediness, nationalistic pride, or scientific interest in modern Canarians. This paper discusses the different values and meanings that the cultural industry-mass media included-has bestowed on these mummies. Sensationalist approaches, identity issues, and diversions from the scientific discourse inserted in the news, reports, and opinion articles published in local newspapers and Spanish periodicals are examinedparticularly the influence exerted by the Archaeological Museum by way of scientific publications and press releases regarding the mummies’ social and political uses. This paper also analyses how the museum’s visitors perceive the displayed mummies and their accompanying messages, in order to track if previous ideas released in the media have influenced them.
Some spects of the practice of pharmacy in ancient Egypt 1850 B.C. to 1300 B.C.
Authors: Campbell Jacqueline , David Ann Rosalie
Published: October 2021

The skills of the ancient Egyptians as physicians and surgeons is renowned and evidence abounds regarding the diseases and ailments which plagued the civilisation. What is less recognised is whether the ancient Egyptians practised pharmacy and what efficacy if any, lay in their medicaments. Over 1000 prescriptions from the Ancient Egyptian papyri, have been analysed their formulation, administration and efficacy compared with contemporary pharmacy. We have demonstrated that whilst pharmacists most probably did not exist as a separate profession in ancient Egypt, the art of pharmacy did. Indeed, some 70% of the known substances used by the ancient Egyptian physicians were in use some 3500 years later in 20th century A.D. The foundations established in Egypt were probably adopted by the Greeks whose political stability conferred historical continuity. Thus it was they, who were credited with being the fathers of medicine and pharmacy. Instigation and credit most probably lay with the Egyptians some 1500 years before Hippocrates
Museography of the Guanche mummies from Necochea ( Argentina)
Authors: Rosario Adrian Candelaria , Del Arco Aguilar Mercedes , Del Arco Aguilar Del Carmen , Martin Oval Mercedes , Gonzales Anton Rafael , Rodriguez Martin Conrado
Published: October 2021

The acquisition of two Guanche mummies restituted to Tenerife from Necochea (Argentina), has made possible our study of the specimens from the perspective of museum exhibitions. The specimens belonged originally ton the old collection of the Casilda Museum (Tacoronte, Tenerife), and were sold to Argentinean businessmen during the 19th century who moved them to Argentina. The body of at least one of the mummies was adapted in several parts so as to present the image of a mummified body. This was a nineteenth century museum practice observed in various parts of the world in order to adapt mummified bodies for public exhibition. The material evidence in this particular case can be observed from anatomical data (the skeleton belongs to two individuals of different sex), and from the use of modern materials totally foreign to Guanche culture.
Anthropology and paleopathology of the natural mummies of Navelli (central Italy). Preliminary results
Authors: Ventura Luca , Miranda Gaertano , Ventura Terenzio , Fornaciari Gino
Published: October 2021

The church of San Sebastiano in Navelli contains hundreds of mummified bodies dating back to XVI-XIX century and accidentally discovered in 1980. The recovery, started in 2001, yielded the remains of 206 individuals in different conditions of preservation. The series includes 157 adults (102 males, 42 females, 13 indefinite), with an average age of 51 years, and 49 children. No macroscopic evidence of internal organs was observed in mummified subjects, whereas skin, skeletal muscles and other superficial tissues (eyes, ears, hair) appeared well preserved, suggesting a preminent role of desiccation in mummification process. Limited examples of mummified animals were also recovered, confirming the environment capability in tissue preservation. The initial paleopathologic analysis allowed to identify various pathologic conditions, including degenerative joint disease, periodontal disease, healed bone fractures, occasional tumors and traces of post-mortem examination. A huge amount of information will be available as soon as the recovery will be completed. (The study was partially supported by the “Consorzio Beni Culturali Provincia L’Aquila”)
A comparative study between conventional and the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology of 240 cases
Authors: Pandey Pinki , Dixit Alok , Sawhney Anshul , Ralli Megha , Chaturvedi Vineet , Agarwal Savita , Singh Jitendra Pratap , Gupta Shalini
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Thyroid nodule is a common disorder of thyroid. Despite their benign nature, they can be associated with multiple pathologic conditions including thyroid cancer. Fine-needle aspiration plays an essential role in evaluating thyroid nodules. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology (TBSRTC) has attempted to standardize reporting and cytological criteria in aspiration smears.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to compare the conventional and TBSRTC and to compare and correlate the cases with histological findings wherever available.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was a retrospective study undertaken in the department of pathology from January 2018 to December 2018 to access the validity of TBSRTC considering histopathology as the gold standard. May Grünwald Giemsa and Papanicolaou stained thyroid FNA smears of 240 patients were collected which were reported by the conventional system for reporting thyroid cytology and also categorized as per current Bethesda nomenclature for thyroid cytology. Diagnosis of both the reporting systems was then compared and correlated with the histological diagnosis wherever possible.

Results:

A total of 240 cases were examined on cytology, out of which histopathological correlation was possible in 110 cases. For benign thyroid lesions, sensitivity and specificity with conventional system were 69.91% and 40.25%, respectively, while with TBSRTC, sensitivity and specificity were 84.04% and 29.94%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of conventional system for malignant thyroid lesions were 58.56% and 69.91%, respectively, while with TBSRTC, sensitivity and specificity were 73.69% and 95.12%, respectively. The Bethesda system found to be highly sensitive for benign thyroid lesions and highly specific for malignant thyroid lesions as compared to the conventional method of reporting of thyroid cytology.

Conclusion:

Bethesda system was found to be superior for reporting thyroid cytology over the conventional system of reporting for thyroid cytology.
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma diagnosed using flow cytometry. A single-center study of 12 cases from North India
Authors: Rahman Khaliqur , Gupta Tanvi , Gupta Ruchi , Singh Lakshita , Chandra Dinesh , Sarkar Manoj Kumar , Singh Manish Kumar , Kumar Sanjeev , Nityanand Soniya
Published: October 2021

Background:

Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL) is a rare fatal T-cell neoplasm with unique clinical and laboratory features. There is, however, significant morphological and immunophenotypic heterogeneity which may lead to diagnostic dilemma.

Aims and Objectives:

The study was aimed to study the prevalence and clinic-pathological spectrum of this rare variant of T cell lymphoma in the Indian subcontinent.

Material and Methods:

A retrospective analysis of all consecutive cases of HSTCL diagnosed over a period of 6 years was carried out. The clinical and laboratory parameters of all these patient were reviewed and analysed.

Results:

A total of 12 cases of HSTCL were diagnosed during this period which accounted for 1.76% of all non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) and 9.1% of all T-cell NHLs. The median (range) age of presentation was 23 (16–30) years. Leukocytosis, peripheral blood (PB) involvement, and a blastic morphology were noted in 41%, 67%, and 58% of the cases, respectively. FCI proved these cells to have a mature, dual-negative (CD4−/CD8−) T-cell phenotype with a gamma–delta T-cell receptor restriction. Frequent loss of CD5 expression (84%) was also noted. These patients invariably had a fatal outcome and majority died within a year of diagnosis.

Conclusion:

The incidence of leukocytosis and a blastoid morphology is quite frequent in HSTCL. Hence, a differential diagnosis of HSTCL should always be considered in young patients presenting with splenomegaly and exhibiting atypical lymphoid/blastoid cells in the PB or a marrow. An FCI can readily diagnose and differentiate them from an acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma.
A Review of Transposition Techniques for Treatment of Complete Abducens Nerve Palsy
Authors: Akbari Mohammad Reza , Masoomian Babak , Mirmohammadsadeghi Arash , Sadeghi Motahhareh
Published: October 2021

Purpose:

To review various types of extraocular muscle transposition procedures for management of strabismus in sixth cranial nerve palsy with little lateral rectus (LR) muscle function, along with their pros and cons.

Methods:

We performed a comprehensive review of transposition procedures in sixth cranial nerve palsy, based on literature published anytime up to March 2021. A thorough search through PubMed and Cochrane databases was performed. All types of clinical studies on different transposition procedures in LR palsy, were included.

Results:

Eighty-six original articles in English, with full text or abstracts available, were included in the review, among which 16 are prospective studies, 48 retrospective, 3 review articles, 1 randomized clinical trial, 17 case reports, and 1 letter. Vertical rectus transposition has demonstrated promising results, especially in abduction improvement and expansion of binocular diplopia-free visual field, albeit the possible adverse effects such as anterior segment ischemia, especially in the presence of medial rectus contracture, and induced vertical deviation may become troublesome. Partial muscle transposition, single muscle transposition, and also transposition without tenotomy have all been introduced to reduce the risk of multiple muscle manipulation and ischemia. On the other hand, different adjustable transpositions are being utilized to manage concomitant or induced vertical deviations.

Conclusion:

Transposition procedures are highly effective in the treatment of esotropia caused by complete LR palsy. Various techniques for vertical muscle transposition have been proposed, with each of them having certain advantages and disadvantages.
Bilateral retinal hemorrhages and macular edema in a patient with dengue fever associated with cerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Joshi Rajesh Subhash , Wadekar Preeti Dashrath
Published: October 2021

We report a case of bilateral retinal hemorrhages with macular edema in a patient with dengue fever (DF). This patient also had cerebral hemorrhage. A 17-year-old female presented with sudden painless loss of vision in her both eyes for 2 days associated with redness of eyes. She was diagnosed having DF based on detected dengue immunoglobulin M in her blood sample. Fundus examination of both eyes showed preretinal and intraretinal hemorrhages. Optical coherence tomography showed neurosensory detachment and macular edema. This case report warrants the importance of ocular screening in a patient having systemic complications of DF.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by aqueous extract of Dovyalis abyssinica fruit for antibacterial applications
Authors: Kebede Mekuriaw Assefa , Sitotaw Baye , Hilawea Kidanemariam Teklay
Published: October 2021

Green biosynthesis technique was employed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Fresh citrus fruit of Dovyalis abyssinica (vernacular name Koshim) tree was extracted by distilled water to obtain phenolic natural compounds that have reducing capacity of metallic ions to the corresponding metallic nanoparticles, in this case, silver ion to silver nanoparticles. The appearance of the UV-Vis absorbance peak at 430 nm and the color change from pale yellow reaction mixture to reddish brown colored product solution have confirmed the formation of AgNPs. FTIR data has also shown the presence of organic components from the plant with the particles that may be used as capping agents to stabilize the formed particles and to control the size. The prepared nanoparticles and the plant extract have shown antibacterial property against E. coli and S. aureus, though the effect of the AgNPs was better than the plant extract. This study contributes for the development of environmentally friendly procedures in the preparation of nanoparticles for medicine, energy or environment.
Knowledge of local anesthetics anaphylaxis among dental practitioners in a Nigerian tertiary hospital
Authors: Edetanlen Benlance Ekaniyere , Aluojerio Daniel , Lawani Ufadi
Published: October 2021

Background: Anaphylaxis is an acutely presenting life-threatening medical emergency. Studies have shown that dentists feel inadequately able to recognize and treat anaphylaxis. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge of local anesthetic (LA) anaphylaxis among dentists in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital.

Methods: This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted among dental practitioners at the Dental complex of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria from August 2020 to January 2021. The questionnaire consisted of 21 items divided into four main sections: (1) Demographic characteristics, (2) general knowledge on local anesthetic anaphylaxis, (3) knowledge on signs and symptoms of local anesthetic anaphylaxis, (4) knowledge on treatment of local anesthetic anaphylaxis. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0, IBM, Armonk, NY, USA.

Results: The 101 respondents approached agreed to participate in the study. There were more males (64.4%) compared to females. Majority of the respondents were aged 30 -39 years. None of the respondents knew completely all the signs and symptoms of anaphylactic reaction from LA. None of the respondents got the complete drugs to be kept in the office for LA anaphylaxis. Less than half (43.6%) of the respondents knew that epinephrine is the drug of first choice for anaphylactic reactions. Only 50 (49.5%) of the respondents knew that the best route for epinephrine administration is intramuscular route.

Conclusion: Adequate knowledge on anaphylaxis from local anesthesia is lacking among dental practitioners in our centre.