bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fractional anisotropy of the uncinate fasciculus and cingulum in bipolar disorder type I, type II, unaffected siblings and healthy controls
Authors: Foley Sonya F. , Bracher-Smith Matthew , Tansey Katherine E. , Harrison Judith R. , Parker Greg D. , Caseras Xavier
Published: June 2018

Background

Fractional anisotropy in the uncinate fasciculus and the cingulum may be biomarkers for bipolar disorder and may even be distinctly affected in different subtypes of bipolar disorder, an area in need of further research.

Aims

This study aims to establish if fractional anisotropy in the uncinate fasciculus and cingulum shows differences between healthy controls, patients with bipolar disorder type I (BD-I) and type II (BD-II), and their unaffected siblings.

Method

Fractional anisotropy measures from the uncinate fasciculus, cingulum body and parahippocampal cingulum were compared with tractography methods in 40 healthy controls, 32 patients with BD-I, 34 patients with BD-II, 17 siblings of patients with BD-I and 14 siblings of patients with BD-II.

Results

The main effects were found in both the right and left uncinate fasciculus, with patients with BD-I showing significantly lower fractional anisotropy than both patients with BD-II and healthy controls. Participants with BD-II did not differ from healthy controls. Siblings showed similar effects in the left uncinate fasciculus. In a subsequent complementary analysis, we investigated the association between fractional anisotropy in the uncinate fasciculus and polygenic risk for bipolar disorder and psychosis in a large cohort (n= 570) of healthy participants. However, we found no significant association.

Conclusions

Fractional anisotropy in the uncinate fasciculus differs significantly between patients with BD-I and patients with BD-II and healthy controls. This supports the hypothesis of differences in the physiological sub-tract between bipolar disorder subtypes. Similar results were found in unaffected siblings, suggesting the potential for this biomarker to represent an endophenotype for BD-I. However, fractional anisotropy in the uncinate fasciculus seems unrelated to polygenic risk for bipolar disorder or psychosis.

Declaration of interest

None.
Implementation to Optimization: A Tailored, Data-Driven Approach to Improve Provider Efficiency and Confidence in Use of the Electronic Medical Record
Authors: Kadish Sarah S. , Mayer Erica L. , Jackman David M. , Pomerantz Mark , Brady Lauren , Dimitriadis Audra , Cleveland Jessica L.F. , Wagner Andrew J.
Published: June 2018

Purpose:

Nine months after the implementation of a new electronic medical record (EMR) system at a single institution, physicians (MDs), nurse practitioners (NPs), and physician assistants (PAs) expressed frustration with its use. We aimed to test if an individually tailored training approach reduced time spent with the EMR and increased confidence.

Materials and Methods:

Two hours of training were conducted in a one-on-one manner with a trainer. Content was individualized according to the following: provider survey, EMR utilization profile, and shadowing in clinic. Surveys assessed confidence before training and immediately after training. Changes in time spent in various EMR activities before training and after training were compared.

Results:

Three trainers delivered one-on-one training to 133 MDs, 42 NPs, and 10 PAs who specialized in medical oncology. Participants reported an increase in confidence across all activities, and almost all providers (98%) who responded to our survey agreed that the training enhanced their efficiency. A non–statistically significant trend toward reduction in the overall time in the system was observed. Time in system was reduced primarily in activities such as documentation and ordering of laboratory tests, imaging, medications, and chemotherapy.

Conclusion:

A personalized and data-driven training approach was highly regarded by providers. EMR usage reports provided extensive data to identify and prioritize training content and were valuable to measure the impact of training on provider time in system. With the growth of EMR implementation and the reported relationship of EMR use to burnout, continuous and personalized training after EMR implementation is effective to reduce the time in system and increase confidence.
Cellular mechanisms of slime gland refilling in Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii)
Authors: Schorno Sarah , Gillis Todd E. , Fudge Douglas S.
Published: June 2018

Hagfishes use their defensive slime to ward off gill-breathing predators. Slime gland refilling is a surprisingly slow process, and previous research has shown that the composition of the slime exudate changes significantly during refilling, which likely has consequences for the functionality of the slime. This study set out to expand our understanding of slime gland refilling by examining the cellular processes involved in refilling of the glands, as well as determining where in the gland the main slime cells, the gland thread cells and gland mucous cells, arise. Slime glands were electro-stimulated to exhaust their slime stores, left to refill for set periods of time, and harvested for histological and immunohistochemical examination. Whole slime glands, gland thread cell morphometrics and slime cell proportions were examined over the refilling cycle. Slime glands decreased significantly in size after exhaustion, but steadily increased in size over refilling. Gland thread cells were the limiting factor in slime gland refilling, taking longer to replenish and mature than gland mucous cells. Newly produced gland thread cells underwent most of their growth near the edge of the gland, and larger cells were found farthest from the edge of the gland. Immunohistochemical analysis also revealed proliferating cells only within the epithelial lining of the slime gland, suggesting that new slime cells originate from undifferentiated cells lining the gland. Our results provide an in-depth look at the cellular dynamics of slime gland refilling in Pacific hagfish, and provide a model for how slime glands refill at the cellular level.
Biological classification with RNA-seq data: Can alternatively spliced transcript expression enhance machine learning classifiers?
Authors: Johnson Nathan T. , Dhroso Andi , Hughes Katelyn J. , Korkin Dmitry
Published: June 2018

RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is becoming a prevalent approach to quantify gene expression and is expected to gain better insights into a number of biological and biomedical questions compared to DNA microarrays. Most importantly, RNA-seq allows us to quantify expression at the gene or transcript levels. However, leveraging the RNA-seq data requires development of new data mining and analytics methods. Supervised learning methods are commonly used approaches for biological data analysis that have recently gained attention for their applications to RNA-seq data. Here, we assess the utility of supervised learning methods trained on RNA-seq data for a diverse range of biological classification tasks. We hypothesize that the transcript-level expression data are more informative for biological classification tasks than the gene-level expression data. Our large-scale assessment utilizes multiple data sets, organisms, lab groups, and RNA-seq analysis pipelines. Overall, we performed and assessed 61 biological classification problems that leverage three independent RNA-seq data sets and include over 2000 samples that come from multiple organisms, lab groups, and RNA-seq analyses. These 61 problems include predictions of the tissue type, sex, or age of the sample, healthy or cancerous phenotypes, and pathological tumor stages for the samples from the cancerous tissue. For each problem, the performance of three normalization techniques and six machine learning classifiers was explored. We find that for every single classification problem, the transcript-based classifiers outperform or are comparable with gene expression-based methods. The top-performing techniques reached a near perfect classification accuracy, demonstrating the utility of supervised learning for RNA-seq based data analysis.
Psychological factors contributing to parenting styles: A systematic review
Authors: Vafaeenejad Zahra , Elyasi Fourozan , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Shahhosseini Zohreh
Published: June 2018

Background:The set of strategies used by parents to put their children’s behaviors under control are called parenting styles, which can be influenced by numerous factors including socio-economic variables, cultural differences, personal characteristics, and psychological factors. These factors can differently contribute to parenting style. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review was to examine psychological factors affecting parenting style.

Methods:This study was a comprehensive literature review using the keywords of parenting styles, psychological factors, and parenting to search the databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Scientific Information Database. In this respect, 416 articles were extracted. 368 articles were removed after reviewing their abstracts and full text and eventually 48 articles were selected to elicit the required data.

Results:Our findings were classified under two categories: factors related to parents (mental health status, self-efficacy, parenting stress, perfectionism, personality traits, childhood trauma, marital satisfaction, parents’ attachment style, perceived parenting style, and substance abuse); and those related to children (child developmental and mental disability, child temperament, and anxiety).

Conclusions:Considering the multiple psychological factors that affect parenting style, it is recommended to include an assessment of parent-child psychological status in family health programs in order to identify the needs for health-oriented care and take steps towards the development of parenting skills.
Dietary patterns and their association with the components of metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study of adults from northeast Thailand
Authors: Chupanit Pornpimon , Muktabhant Benja , Schelp Frank Peter
Published: June 2018

Background:Nutritional transition influences a shift in eating behaviour that is associated with a rise in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises a set of NCD risk factors. This study aimed to investigate dietary patterns and to determine the relationship between dietary patterns and MetS and its components.

Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 468 healthy adults aged 35–60 years who were residents of a semi-urban district of one of the central provinces in the northeast of Thailand. A factor analysis identified dietary patterns based on the consumption of 21 food groups, which were assessed by using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. MetS was identified by using the harmonized criteria that were stipulated by six leading international organisations. The association between dietary patterns and MetS and its components were evaluated by multiple logistic regressions. The confounding factors adjusted in the model were age, sex, smoking status, physical activity, and medication intake.

Results:Two dietary patterns were identified: a traditional pattern characterised by high intakes of sticky rice and animal source foods; a mixed pattern included high intakes of white rice and a variety of food groups. The two dietary patterns did not show any association with MetS. Participants in the highest tertile of the traditional pattern was significantly related to high triglycerides (adjusted OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.10–2.88), in comparison to those from the lowest tertile, whereas participants in the highest tertile of the mixed pattern was inversely associated with abdominal obesity (adjusted OR= 0.49, 95% CI: 0.30–0.81) than those in the lowest tertile.

Conclusions:Adherence to a traditional dietary pattern among the northeast Thai adults, in the context of nutrition transition, was associated with high triglyceride levels while the mixed dietary pattern was inversely related to abdominal obesity.
Measuring and forecasting fertility
Authors: Tiit Ene-Margit
Published: June 2018

Prognosing of fertility has been one of the most important tasks in demography and population statistics. The fertility trends have changed and have a different character in different parts of the world. The very last tendency discovered by M. Myrskylä and others about ten years ago is positive dependency on the human development index. Here the validity of this hypothesis in Europe is proved using the recent data of fertility and HDI.
The Process of Budgeting in the Context of the Transition to IFRS Reporting
Authors: Дмитриева И. , Dmitrieva I. , Машинистова Г. , Mashinistova G. , Харакоз Ю. , Kharakoz Yu.
Published: June 2018

In this article authors consider process of budgeting in relation to formation of the reporting of the organization in the IFRS format. Th e purpose, functions and main areas of budgeting and types of budgets, as well as the content of the Regulation on budgeting are disclosed.
Efficiency of personnel management of the state civil service in the conditions of development of digital economy and knowledge society
Authors: Алтухова Наталья , Altuhova Natal'ya , Васильева Елена , Vasil'eva Elena , Славин Борис , Slavin Boris , Мирзоян Мариам , Mirzoyan Mariam , Онокой Людмила , Onokoy Lyudmila , Бондаренко Владимир , Bondarenko Vladimir , Громова Алла , Gromova Alla , Юдина Вера , Yudina Vera , Лукина Мария , Lukina Mariya
Published: June 2018

The paper presents an analysis of the current situation in the management of personnel of the civil service, discusses the problems of management of competencies and projects. The international and Russian experience is analyzed. More than 365 civil servants were interviewed in the framework of the study, from specialist to head of the Department. Based on the results of the study, recommendations are given to create a model of competencies of a public civil servant of the Russian Federation. The concept of flexible project management and information support of personnel management in the civil service is proposed, the digital panel of monitoring the effectiveness of public civil servants is described. The authors developed a set of indicators of the dashboard, the construction of which is allocated by the Government of the Russian Federation as a priority task. The set of indicators includes performance characteristics, performance of work on time and without overtime, team management, effective organization of the processes of execution of public functions, as well as the competencies of civil servants. The dashboard is built using the data Discovery data research tool. With the help of new data Discovery research technologies, the employees of the public service responsible for reporting on the organization and control of project works on the execution of state functions, without having technical knowledge, can study the data and apply not only descriptive, but also predictive Analytics.
Determining Process Capacity: Intractability and Efficient Special Cases
Authors: Bo Yang , Dawande Milind , Huh Woonghee Tim , Janakiraman Ganesh , Nagarajan Mahesh
Published: June 2018

Most operations management textbooks use the following simple approximation to illustrate the computation of the capacity of a process: the capacity of each resource is first calculated by examining that resource in isolation; process capacity is then defined as the smallest among the capacities of the resources, that is, bottleneck capacity. In a recent paper, Gurvich and Van Mieghem [Gurvich I, Van Mieghem JA (2015) Collaboration and multitasking in networks: Architectures, bottlenecks, and capacity. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 17(1):16–33.] show that, in the presence of collaboration and multitasking, this “bottleneck formula” can be significantly inaccurate, and they obtain a necessary and sufficient condition under which it correctly determines process capacity.

We provide further clarity on determining process capacity by showing that it is hard to compute process capacity exactly and also to approximate it to within a reasonable factor. These results are based on a novel characterization, which we establish, of process capacity that relates it to the fractional chromatic number of the associated “collaboration graph.” An important implication is that it is unlikely that we can replace the bottleneck formula with a simple but close approximation of process capacity. On the positive side, we show that capacity can be efficiently computed for processes for which the collaboration graph is a perfect graph. From a practical viewpoint, our analysis for general processes results in a natural hierarchy of subclasses of policies that require an increasing amount of sophistication in implementation and management: while process capacity is the maximum long-term process rate achievable over all feasible policies, we provide a precise expression for the maximum process rate over policies in each subclass of this hierarchy, thus highlighting the trade-off between operational difficulty and the achievable process rate.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2017.0689 .
INCONVENIENTE
Authors: Vieira Ana Letícia , Rossato Bruno , Reis Vinicius Leite
Published: June 2018

O curta-metragem “Inconveniente”[1] (2015) é uma provocação que já começa pelo próprio título e, em sete minutos, nos convida a transitar pela arte, ciência, ficção e o cotidiano. Nesta encruzilhada de saberes que se misturam, rompem e criam outros modos de existência, múltiplos sentidos são atrelados a alguns aspectos do vídeo, envolvendo os saberesfazeres cotidianos que, por sua vez, vão instituindo significações e lógicas atravessadas nas questões sobre corpo, gênero e sexualidade. Entendemos que estamos imersos em uma cultura que é contaminada pelo audiovisual, onde narrativas circulam por diferentes espaçostempos produzindo agenciamentos e operando na criação de subjetividades, desejos e estéticas de existências. Neste sentido, pensando no audiovisual como um dispositivo para a produção de diferentes saberes, o objetivo deste trabalho é anunciar um corpo, uma vida e uma estética trans[2]que não quer ser apagada e nem silenciada e que para isso precisa gritar, berrar… Um corpo inconveniente que circula em diferentes lugares potencializando e afirmando a vida. Se produzindo, afetando e sendo afetado pelo mundo. Um corpo que insiste em não se enquadrar e que transita no seio das verdades instituídas.[1]Visite nossa página: https://www.facebook.com/inconveniente2015/[2]Neste trabalho, optamos pela expressão trans para nos referir às pessoas nomeadas/enquadradas como “transexuais”, “travestis”, “transgêneros”, “transhomens”, “transmulheres” etc, bem como àquelas que, de alguma maneira, não estão conforme a um metro-padrão e produzem seus corpos nas fronteiras, transbordando as normas de sexo-gênero.
ESTUDO FORMATIVO SOBRE LETRAMENTO CIENTÍFICO E CIBERCULTURA
Authors: Bittencourt Irene Pena
Published: June 2018

O objetivo deste texto é apresentar um estudo a respeito dos conceitos de letramento científico (SOARES, 2002), pois esta é uma palavra que possui diversos sentidos e significações. Faremos um recorte e daremos foco aos letramentos digitais, que sugerem que o praticante cultural tenha domínio das possibilidades que o digital possui, garantindo práticas letradas, onde ele atribua sentido ao que se lê e escreve na tela (BUZATO, 2003). E como esses letramentos construirão novas práticas educacionais, pois será um elemento caro para uma inovação que a Educação Brasileira precisa. Eles se darão no contexto da Cibercultura, que é a cultura contemporânea estruturada pelo uso das tecnologias digitais nas esferas do ciberespaço e das cidades (SANTOS, 2012, 2014). O texto analisará o que alguns autores entendem por letramento, e o que pesquisadores com seus praticantes culturais vêm produzindo. Essa análise se baseará no fazerpesquisa, na metodologia da Pesquisa Formação do Grupo de Pesquisa Docência e Cibercultura, coordenado pela professora Edméa Santos. O presente estudo é fruto do eixo2, no qual nosso objetivo é mapear e utilizar softwares para produção e interpretação de dados em contextos digitais. Este eixo pertence à Pesquisa Institucional, “Análise de dados em pesquisa-formação na cibercultura”, que pretende investigar teorias, práticas e dispositivos que potencializem a produção, análise e interpretação de dados produzidos em contextos de pesquisa-formação mediados por tecnologias digitais em rede. Temos como resultado as potencialidades dos novos letramentos digitais produzidos que vão se inserindo para contribuir para a educação brasileira que utilizará novas práticas educacionais, para formar mais praticantes que sejam letrados digitalmente. Além disso, a produção da resenha do livro New Literacies? New Agencies? a Brazilian perspective on mindsets, digital practices and tools for social action in and out of school organizado por Eduardo S. Junqueira.
Putnam and contemporary fictionalism
Authors: Martínez-Vidal Concha
Published: June 2018

In his “Indispensability arguments in mathematics”, Putnam rejects having argued in the terms of the argument known in the literature as “the Quine-Putnam indispensability argument”. He considers that mathematics contribution to physics does not have to be interpreted in platonist terms but in his favorite modal variety (Putnam 1975; Putnam 2012).The purpose of this paper is to consider Putnam’s acknowledged argument and philosophical position against contemporary so called in the literature ‘fictionalist’ views about applied mathematics.The conclusion will be that the account of the applicability of mathematics that stems from Putnam‘s acknowledged argument can be assimilated in many aspects to so-called ‘fictionalist’ views about applied mathematics.
The indispensability argument and the nature of mathematical objects
Authors: Plebani Matteo
Published: June 2018

I will contrast two conceptions of the nature of mathematical objects: the conception of mathematical objects as preconceived objects (Yablo 2010), and heavy duty platonism (Knowles 2015). I will argue that friends of the indispensability argument are committed to some metaphysical theses and that one promising way to motivate such theses is to adopt heavy duty platonism. On the other hand, combining the indispensability argument with the conception of mathematical objects as preconceived objects yields an unstable position. The conclusion is that the metaphysical commitments of the indispensability argument should be carefully scrutinized.
¿“Natural” y “Euclidiana”? Reflexiones sobre la geometría práctica y sus raíces cognitivas
Authors: Ferreirós José , García-Pérez Manuel Jesús
Published: June 2018

We discuss critically some recent theses about geometric cognition, namely claims of universality made by Dehaene et al., and the idea of a “natural geometry” employed by Spelke et al. We offer arguments for the need to distinguish visuo-spatial cognition from basic geometric knowledge, furthermore we claim that the latter cannot be identified with Euclidean geometry. The main aim of the paper is to advance toward a characterization of basic, practical geometry – which in our view requires a combination of experiments on visuo-spatial cognition with studies in cognitive archaeology and comparative history. Examples from these fields are given, with special emphasis on the comparison of ancient Chinese and ancient Greek geometric ideas and procedures.
The geometrical basis of arithmetical knowledge: Frege & Dehaene
Authors: Costreie Sorin
Published: June 2018

Frege writes in Numbers and Arithmetic about kindergarten-numbers and “an a priori mode of cognition” that they may have “a geometrical source.” This resembles recent findings on arithmetical cognition. In my paper, I explore this resemblance between Gottlob Frege’s later position concerning the geometrical source of arithmetical knowledge, and some current positions in the literature dedicated to arithmetical cognition, especially that of Stanislas Dehaene. In my analysis, I shall try to mainly see to what extent (Frege’s) logicism is compatible with (Dehaene’s) intuitionism.
Análise da vulnerabilidade e do risco a contaminação de aquíferos semiconfinados na Ilha de Cotijuba/PA
Authors: Cardoso Raisa Nicole Campos , Gonçalves Edkeyse Dias , Deus Jessyca Camilly Silva de , Teixeira Luiza Carla Girard Mendes
Published: June 2018

Sabe-se que os recursos hídricos possuem importância vital para os seres vivos, principalmente a água doce, sobretudo as águas subterrâneas. Entretanto, com o uso e ocupação do solo, buscam-se estudos para desenvolver conhecimento sobre a avaliação da vulnerabilidade à poluição dos aquíferos. Para à avaliação da vulnerabilidade dos aquíferos na Ilha de Cotijuba, foram empregados os índices gerados por Gomes et al. (2012 através da aplicação do método GOD); para a mesma região de estudo. A análise do potencial de contaminação do solo foi determinada por meio da aplicação do método POSH. Para aplicação do método, foi realizado um levantamento in loco para identificação das fontes potenciais de contaminação localizadas próximas aos poços, assim como análises de qualidade da água para avaliar o grau de potabilidade da água subterrânea. Através dos resultados obtidos, foi identificado que 77,7% da área da ilha possuem baixo índice de vulnerabilidade e 22,3% com índice moderado, sendo que todos os poços são abastecidos por água de aquíferos semiconfinados, localizados em áreas de baixo índice de vulnerabilidade. Constatou-se, em relação à aplicação do método POSH, que a região de estudo apresentou 43,3% de área caracterizada com elevado potencial de contaminação, principalmente, ao tipo de esgotamento sanitário e atividades relacionadas à agricultura. No entanto, em áreas compostas por vegetação nativa, 56,7% da área apresentam baixo potencial de contaminação. Por fim, as análises de qualidade da água não apresentaram alterações significativas, no entanto, dois dos quatro poços indicaram presença de Coliformes Totais.
Clinical and Laboratory Predictors of Elevated TRV In Sickle Cell Anaemia
Authors: Afriyie-Mensah Jane S. , Dei-Adomakoh Yvonne A , Forson Audrey , Adadey Martin , Ndanu Thomas A. , Acquaye Joseph K.
Published: June 2018

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) has become an increasingly recognized complication in sickle cell anaemia (SCA) and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Though the burden of SCA in sub-Saharan Africa is high, there is paucity of data on SCA-associated PH with little or no attention given to it in routine patient care. The current study therefore sought to determine the prevalence of PH and its associated risk factors among adult patients with SCA. This was a cross-sectional study involving 76 clinically stable, hydroxyurea-naive participants. We obtained socio-demographic and clinical history. Measurement of Tricuspid Regurgitant jet Velocity (TRV) was obtained via transthoracic echocardiography and lung function was assessed using spirometry and pulse oximetry. Other investigations were complete blood counts, free plasma haemoglobin, serum urea and creatinine. Twenty-five (32.9%) of study participants had elevated TRV (≥ 2.5m/s) on Doppler echocardiography, which was suggestive of raised pulmonary artery systolic pressure. There were significant associations between elevated TRV and steady-state haemoglobin (p < 0.001), blood urea level (p = 0.030), presence of chronic leg ulcers (p = 0.043) and oxygen saturation (p < 0.001) and these may be identifiable and modifiable risk factors for selective screening with echocardiography in a resource poor setting.
Especies de garrapatas (Acari: Ixodidae) parásitas de perros (Canis familiaris) en zonas urbanas del Gran Mendoza, Argentina
Authors: FANTOZZI María Cecilia , LINARES María Cecilia , CUERVO Pablo F , ROMOLI Andrés , VITTAZ Diego , MERA Y SIERRA Roberto
Published: June 2018

El conocimiento de las especies de ectoparásitos presentes en los animales de compañía tiene implicancias tanto en medicina veterinaria como en salud humana, ya que varios agentes tienen la potencialidad de transmitirse del animal al humano y viceversa. Se revisaron 466 garrapatas remitidas al Centro de Investigación en Parasitología Regional (CIPaR) durante los años 2010 y 2013, recolectadas en 217 perros de zonas urbanas de la provincia de Mendoza. El 83,5% (n=385) fueron identificadas como Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (84 machos y 199 hembras – relación 1:2,37 –, 65 ninfas y 37 larvas), mientras que el 16,5% (n=76) fue identificado como Amblyomma tigrinum (10 machos y 61 hembras – relación 1:6,1 –, y cinco ejemplares adultos en mal estado, imposibilitando su sexado). Adicionalmente, cinco ejemplares adultos sólo se identificaron como pertenecientes al género Amblyomma, ya que por encontrarse ingurgitados no se pudo realizar la determinación de especie. Éste registro es un importante aporte al conocimiento de las especies de garrapatas presentes en perros (Canis familiaris) en la provincia de Mendoza.
Анализ свойств кривых ползучести с произвольной начальной стадией нагружения,
порождаемых линейной теорией наследственности
Authors: Хохлов Андрей Владимирович , Khokhlov Andrew Vladimirovich
Published: June 2018

Выведено уравнение семейства кривых ползучести с произвольной неубывающей программой нагружения на начальной стадии, порождаемых линейным интегральным определяющим соотношением вязкоупругости Больцмана - Вольтерры с произвольной функцией ползучести (релаксации), аналитически изучены их общие качественные свойства и влияние на них длительности и формы начальной стадии нагружения и свойств функций ползучести. Исследованы интервалы монотонности и выпуклости кривых ползучести, их асимптотики, отклонения друг от друга кривых с разными начальными стадиями нагружения до заданного уровня напряжения, условия сходимости к нулю их отклонения от кривых ползучести при мгновенном нагружении с неограниченным увеличением времени (условия затухания памяти) и другие свойства. Получены точные двусторонние оценки для кривых ползучести и их абсолютных отклонений друг от друга и от кривых ползучести при мгновенном нагружении, доказана равномерная сходимость семейств кривых ползучести с фиксированной формой начальной стадии нагружения к кривой ползучести при мгновенном нагружении, когда длительность начальной стадии стремится к нулю.
Установленные общие свойства кривых ползучести, порождаемых линейной теории наследственности, проиллюстрированы на примерах кривых ползучести классических реологических моделей (Максвелла, Фойгта, Кельвина), трехзвенных сингулярных моделей и «фрактальных» моделей с оператором дробного дифференцирования. Проанализированы специфические особенности поведения кривых ползучести регулярных и нерегулярных моделей, а также гибридных моделей, чьи функции ползучести склеены из нескольких функций. Проведенный анализ позволяет точнее очертить арсенал возможностей и область применимости линейной теории наследственности, выявить индикаторы ее (не)применимости, удобные для экспериментальной проверки, получить новые универсальные двусторонние оценки для функции ползучести через кривые ползучести с начальной стадией нагружения, регистрируемые в испытаниях материалов, и усовершенствовать методики выбора, идентификации, настройки и верификации линейных моделей.
Facilitated Event-Related Power Modulations during Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) Revealed by Concurrent tACS-MEG
Authors: Kasten Florian H. , Maess Burkhard , Herrmann Christoph S.
Published: June 2018

Non-invasive approaches to modulate oscillatory activity in the brain are increasingly popular in the scientific community. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has been shown to modulate neural oscillations in a frequency-specific manner. However, due to a massive stimulation artifact at the targeted frequency, little is known about effects of tACS during stimulation. It remains unclear how the continuous application of tACS affects event-related oscillations during cognitive tasks. Depending on whether tACS influences pre- or post-stimulus oscillations, or both, the endogenous, event-related oscillatory dynamics could be pushed in various directions or not at all. A better understanding of these effects is crucial to plan, predict, and understand outcomes of solely behavioral tACS experiments. In the present study, a recently proposed procedure to suppress tACS artifacts by projecting MEG data into source-space using spatial filtering was utilized to recover event-related power modulations in the alpha-band during a mental rotation task. MEG data of 25 human subjects was continuously recorded. After 10-minute baseline measurement, participants received either 20 minutes of tACS at their individual alpha frequency or sham stimulation. Another 40 minutes of MEG data were acquired thereafter. Data were projected into source-space and carefully examined for residual artifacts. Results revealed strong facilitation of event-related power modulations in the alpha-band during tACS application. These results provide first direct evidence that tACS does not counteract top-down suppression of intrinsic oscillations, but rather enhances pre-existent power modulations within the range of the individual alpha (= stimulation) frequency.
Hyperglycemia decreases anti-cancer efficiency of adriamycin via AMPK pathway
Authors: Xu Xiaqing , Si Meimei , Lou Honggang , Yan Youyou , Liu Yunxi , Zhu Hong , Lou Xiaoe , Ma Jian , Zhu Difeng , Wu Honghai , Yang Bo , Wu Haoshu , Ding Ling , He Qiaojun
Published: June 2018

Accumulating clinical evidence indicates that diabetic liver cancer patients are less sensitive to intra-arterial chemotherapy than non-diabetic cancer patients. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we report that hyperglycemia inhibits AMPK pathway and subsequently reduces adriamycin (ADR)-induced DNA damage, resulting in decreased chemotherapeutic sensitivity of ADR. HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells were treated with ADR in various glucose conditions and then subjected to cell proliferation assay and apoptosis. The IC50of ADR greatly increased with the increasing concentration of glucose (15 ± 4 nM to 93 ± 39 nM in HepG2, 78 ± 8 nM to 1310 ± 155 nM in Bel-7402). Both FACs and Western blot analysis indicated that high concentration of glucose protected cells from ADR-induced apoptosis. Mouse hepatoma H22 xenografts were established both in db/db diabetic mice and STZ-induced diabetic mice. The inhibitory effect in tumor growth of ADR was significantly reduced in diabetic mice, which could be recovered by insulin therapy. Hyperglycemia greatly ameliorated AMPK activation and H2AX expression caused by ADR treatment. Pretreatment with compound C or AMPK silencing eliminated hyperglycemia reduced cytotoxicity of ADR. However, the impaired cytotoxicity in hyperglycemia was recovered by treatment with AMPK activator AICAR. This study indicates that hyperglycemia impairs the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of ADR by downregulating AMPK pathway and reducing ADR-induced DNA damage.
Igf3 activates β-catenin signaling to stimulate spermatogonial differentiation in zebrafish
Authors: Safian Diego , Bogerd Jan , Schulz Rüdiger W
Published: June 2018

Follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) is a major regulator of spermatogenesis, targeting somatic cell functions in the testes. We reported previously that zebrafish Fsh promoted the differentiation of type A undifferentiated spermatogonia (Aund) by stimulating the production of factors that advance germ cell differentiation, such as androgens, insulin-like peptide 3 (Insl3) and insulin-like growth factor 3 (Igf3). In addition, Fsh also modulated the transcript levels of several other genes, including some belonging to the Wnt signaling pathway. Here, we evaluated if and how Fsh utilizes part of the canonical Wnt pathway to regulate the development of spermatogonia. We quantified the proliferation activity and relative section areas occupied by Aund and type A differentiating (Adiff) spermatogonia and we analyzed the expression of selected genes in response to recombinant proteins and pharmacological inhibitors. We found that from the three downstream mediators of Fsh activity we examined, Igf3, but not 11-ketotestosterone or Insl3, modulated the transcript levels of two β-catenin sensitive genes (cyclinD1 and axin2). Using a zebrafish β-catenin signaling reporter line, we showed that Igf3 activated β-catenin signaling in type A spermatogonia and that this activation did not depend on the release of Wnt ligands. Pharmacological inhibition of the β-catenin or of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways revealed that Igf3 activated β-catenin signaling in a manner involving PI3K to promote the differentiation of Aund to Adiff spermatogonia. This mechanism represents an intriguing example for a pituitary hormone like Fsh using Igf signaling to recruit the evolutionary conserved, local β-catenin signaling pathway to regulate spermatogenesis.
Initiation of Meiotic Development Is Controlled by Three Post-transcriptional Pathways inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Mohammad Ariz , Vanden Broek Kara , Wang Christopher , Daryabeigi Anahita , Jantsch Verena , Hansen Dave , Schedl Tim
Published: June 2018

A major transition in germ cell development is the switch from mitotic cell cycling to entry into the meiotic developmental pathway. Mohammad et al. report that the SCFPROM-1 substrate-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is a new...

A major event in germline development is the transition from stem/progenitor cells to entry into meiosis and gametogenesis. This transition requires downregulation of mitotic cell cycle activity and upregulation of processes associated with meiosis. We identify the Caenorhabditis elegans SCFPROM-1 E3 ubiquitin-ligase complex as functioning to downregulate mitotic cell cycle protein levels including cyclin E, WAPL-1, and KNL-2 at meiotic entry and, independently, promoting homologous chromosome pairing as a positive regulator of the CHK-2 kinase. SCFPROM-1 is thus a novel regulator of meiotic entry, coordinating downregulation of mitotic cell cycle proteins and promoting homolog pairing. We further show that SCFPROM-1 functions redundantly, in parallel to the previously described GLD-1 and GLD-2 meiotic entry pathways, downstream of and inhibited by GLP-1 Notch signaling, which specifies the stem cell fate. Accordingly, C. elegans employs three post-transcriptional pathways, SCFPROM-1-mediated protein degradation, GLD-1-mediated translational repression, and GLD-2-mediated translational activation, to control and coordinate the initiation of meiotic development.
Conceptualizing gambling disorder with the process model of emotion regulation
Authors: Rogier Guyonne , Velotti Patrizia
Published: June 2018

Introduction

Nowadays, gambling disorder (GD) is a worldwide health issue and there is a growing need to both improve our understanding of this disorder and to tailor specific interventions for its treatment. Moreover, theoretical models and preliminary empirical results suggest that difficulty in regulating emotional states might be involved in GD. However, literature describing clinical and theoretical aspects of emotional dysregulation among pathological gamblers (PGs) shows a lack of systematic description.

Objectives

We aimed to provide, within an exhaustive theoretical framework of emotion regulation (ER) processing, empirical evidence supporting a conceptual model of GD as an ER affliction.

Methods

We commented on empirical evidence on the relationship between ER and GD in the light of two main conceptual models of emotion (dys)regulation.

Results

The results suggest there are actual deficits of ER processing among PGs, manifesting themselves through different ways and in different steps of the ER timeline. In addition, dysregulation of positive emotions may play a central role in GD. From a clinical point of view, we pointed out that deficits in ER might be multiple in nature and an assessment for GD should be accurate to identify the specific components accounting for the development and maintenance of the disorder. It should also orientate the clinician in selecting therapeutic objectives.

Conclusions

The nature of emotional states that are difficult to regulate might account for the GD severity and indicate the subtype of PGs the patient belongs to. Treatment programs should be tailored on the specificity of PGs.
Semmelweis – egy gondolkodó ember. Tudománytörténeti tanulságok
Authors: Gazda István
Published: June 2018

Abstract:

In this article we examine why Semmelweis’s seemingly simple, logical and practical discovery was categorically dismissed by the majority of his contemporaries, and why even many years after his death it was accepted with such reservation. We invoke wherever possible Semmelweis’s own words citing from the series of articles appearing in the ‘Orvosi Hetilap’ [Hungarian Medical Weekly Journal] published in 1858 in Hungary, and also from the German language summary of the Journal published in 1860. We came to the conclusion that although Semmelweis did everything in his power to show the causal relationship between the development of puerperal fever (childbed fever) and some infectious substance on the hands of examining doctors and medical students, this was not convincing enough. The predominant theory at the time held that infection was caused by miasma transmitted in the air and therefore stubbornly precluded any notion of infectious matter physically transmitted on unclean hands. We also concluded that the causal sequence observed by Semmelweis was missing an essential empirical element: visual proof of the infectious agent he correctly postulated as physically transmitted. Visually demonstrating the presence of the infectious agent by means of a microscope would have made his case. This finally did occur but only two years after Semmelweis’s death. Had the renowned Hungarian obstetrician realized the significance of taking advantage of the opportunity afforded by Dávid Gruby who was conducting experiments in the same town, a more convincing argument could have been made for his theory. In the 1840s and 1850s, Dávid Gruby was experimenting with various microscopic techniques and their application with success in Vienna before continuing his work in France. Gruby’s work, especially that of microscopic observations of tissues, received international acceptance. Therefore, the involvement of Gruby and his work with microscopes to support Semmelweis’s observations would most probably have forestalled much of the criticism and rejection his theory was initially awarded (among which perhaps Virchow’s rejection proved the most damaging). Had Semmelweis utilized microscopic techniques, he would have been celebrated among the first to discover bacterial pathogens, contributing to the development of the currently predominant germ theory. Failure to utilize the microscope was the root cause leading to the tragedy of Semmelweis’s rejection by the medical establishment of the time. Despite the increasing numbers of scientists utilizing the microscope at the University of Pest, offered to corroborate his daims with microscopic observations. Efforts have been made have since been to rehabilitate him as the key figure who not only discovered the method of transmission of infectious disease, but also implemented measures of prevention. Elevating him among the ranks of the ten greatest doctors who ever lived is certainly recognition due, but sadly denied to him in his lifetime. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(26): 1055–1064.
CONSUMO SIMBÓLICO: análise de um grupo de consumidores de baixa-renda em Porto Alegre
Authors: Lübeck Rafael Mendes , Hopner Aline , Silva Schröeder Christine Da , Wittmann Milton Luiz , Nogueira Luiz Leticia
Published: June 2018

Resumo: a dinâmica social do consumo de pessoas de baixa renda e suas implicações como formadora de valores e elemento de percepção de segregação social foi o contexto investigado nesse trabalho, devido a importância das classes mais baixas para o crescimento econômico brasileiro a partir dos anos 2000. O objetivo do estudo foi encontrar aspectos que expliquem a conexão desses consumidores com marcas renomadas. Desenvolveu-se um estudo qualitativo via observação participante e entrevistas, no qual as informações foram analisadas por análise do discurso. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram um grupo de homens com idades entre 17 e 19 anos, de baixa-renda e residentes em Porto Alegre - Brasil. Como principais evidências entendeu-se que ao usar essas marcas os respondentes percebem melhora em sua auto-imagem perante os membros de seu grupo social e a sociedade, percepção de pertencimento social, sensação de ascensão social e maior atratividade sexual.
Governança em IFES do Nordeste: Concepção, Execução e Monitoramento da Gestão Estratégica
Authors: Lima Teixeira Linnik Israel , Bezerra de Almeida Antônio Jones , Casciano de Queiroz Paiva Sonia , Veras Rodrigues Maxweel
Published: June 2018

A governança surge como um novo paradigma distinto da nova gestão pública, cujo conjunto de práticas busca o aperfeiçoamento do desempenho da gestão nas organizações. O TCU tem buscado contribuir com esse aperfeiçoamento e dar consecução à concretização dessas novas demandas. As Universidades têm buscado meios de ajudar a garantir o foco da gestão e aduzir ao controle e qualidade do ensino, melhorando sua gestão por meio do planejamento estratégico e da governança. Objetiva-se relacionar as práticas de estratégia, segundo os princípios da governança pública, com a realidade da gestão em instituições de ensino superior. Através de uma pesquisa de campo realizada em dezenove instituições federais de ensino superior (IFES) do Nordeste, buscou-se identificar os mecanismos e atores envolvidos na concepção, execução e monitoramento da gestão estratégica das organizações. Os resultados indicaram que as IFES, em sua maioria, democratizam o acesso de diversos atores na formulação do planejamento, mas não promovem um monitoramento das metas estabelecidas; não apresentam nenhum instrumento de plano de ação e apenas e a despeito de possueírem bom desempenho na concepção e execução da gestão estratégica, ainda precisam criar instrumentos eficazes de monitoramento.
Apresentação do Dossiê
Authors: De Azevedo Adriana Barroso
Published: June 2018

O PPGE da Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, por meio da Linha de Pesquisa Formação de Educadores, apresenta este dossiê, com o tema “Educação e Tecnologia em práticas educativas”. O documento traz experiências com o uso de tecnologias em espaços e tempos diferenciados no âmbito da pesquisa e seus impactos na educação formal.
La “Investigación” en los cursos de licenciatura de la modalidad a distancia: actualidad y futuro en el ejemplo de la UFMA
Authors: Domingo Reinaldo Portal
Published: June 2018

O presente artigo apresenta um grupo de reflexões sobre a disciplina Metodologia Científica nos cursos de licenciatura na modalidade em EAD na UFMA, em particular: o conteúdo da mesma, os materiais didáticos para seu desenvolvimento, as atividades e tarefas de pesquisa a serem desenvolvidas dentro dos cursos, assim como o papel da ferramenta pesquisa como eixo transversal que deve ser assimilada pelos alunos durante todas as disciplinas do curso, para lograr uma ampla preparação nessa área, incorporar a ferramenta no dia a dia de sua formação docente, preparando o aluno para enfrentar com êxito seu TCC, além de incorporar a “pesquisa” para seu futuro profissional.