bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studying Association between Thyroid Disorders and Helicobacter pylori infection in Iraqi Patients
Authors: Al-Shaibani Abdulwahid B. , Al-A’araji Sanad B. , Al-Mofarji Sarah T.
Published: March 2024

This study was aimed to investigate the association between thyroid disorder and Helicobacter pylori infection in 122 patients (100 females and 22 males )and for comparison, 60 healthy individuals (31females and 29 males),who had no thyroid disorder, were also included in the study. Blood samples were collected from both patients and the healthier individuals. Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA) technique through using Vitek Immuno Diagnostic Assay System (VIDAS) was applied to measure levels of the thyroid hormones (tri-iodothyronine T3, tetra-iodothyroxine T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). From the results obtained, patients were classified into three groups: 40 were considered as belonging to the controlled group (26 females and 14 males), 57 to the hypothyroidism group (52 females and 5 males) and25 belonged to hyperthyroidism group (22 females and 3 males). On the other hand, highest incidence rate of thyroidism was recorded in the age group of (30-39)yrs. 19.67% , followed by (40-49)yrs. with 24.59% and(50-59)yrs. with 18.03%. When concentration and presence of anti -Helicobacter pylori IgG antibodies in the human blood samples were detected and measured by Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorrbent Assay (ELISA) technique , the results were showed high prevalence rates of H. pylori infection were detected in the hypothyroidism patients (94.07%), while the lowest prevalence rates were recorded in the healthy individuals ( 66.7%).Statistical analysis of anti –Helicobacter pylori IgG antibodies distribution among both healthy and thyroidism patients showed that highly significant differences at p < 0.01 were found between thyroid disorders patients groups.
New Iterative Method for Solving Nonlinear Equations
Authors: Mitlif Rasha J.
Published: March 2024

The aim of this paper is to propose an efficient three steps iterative method for finding the zeros of the nonlinear equation f(x)=0 . Starting with a suitably chosen , the method generates a sequence of iterates converging to the root. The convergence analysis is proved to establish its five order of convergence. Several examples are given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed new method and its comparison with other methods.
Optimization and Validation of RP-HPLC-UV/VIS Method for Determination Some Antioxidants in Dry Calyces of Iraqi Hibiscus Sabdraffia Linn
Authors: Ibrahim Sarah K. , Khalaf Kareem D.
Published: March 2024

A new (Reversed Phase- High Performance Liquid chromatography) RP-HPLC method with Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometry has been optimized and validated for the simultaneous extraction and determination of antioxidants present in Iraqi calyces of Hibiscus Sabdraffia Linn. The method is based on using ultrasonic bath for extracting antioxidants. Limit of detection in μg/ml of Vitamin C, Sabdaretine, Gossypetine, Hibiscetine, Anthocyanins, Dephinidin-3-glucoside were113.8294×10-6,123.0453×10-6,70.3681×10-6,59.6730×10-6,148.1710×10-6,and125.3481×10-6 respectively. The concentration of antioxidants found in dry spacemen of calyces of Iraqi Hibiscus Sabdraffia Linn. under study: Vitamin C, Sabdaretine, Gossypetine, Hibiscetine, Anthocyanins, and Dephinidin-3-glucoside are 258.3 μg/g, 225.51 μg/g, 154.975 μg/g, 111.407 μg/g, 439.442 μg/g, and 185.729 μg/g respectively.
Removal of Direct 50 Dyes from Aqueous Solution Using Natural Clay and Organoclay Adsorbents
Authors: Khodaeer Enaas A.
Published: March 2024

In this study, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDMAB) - bentonite was synthesized by placing alkylammonium cation onto bentonite. Adsorption of textile dye such as direct Yellow 50 on natural bentonite and HDMAB -bentonite was investigated. The effects of pH, contact time,dosage clay and temperature were investigated experimentally .The Langmuir and Freundlish isotherms equations were applied to the data and values of parameters of these isotherm equations were evaluated. The study indicated that using 0.2 g of HDMAB (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide) lead to increase the percentage removal(R%) from 78% for pure bentonite to 99 %. The optimum pH value for the adsorption experiments was found to be pH=3 and therefore all the experiments were carried out at this pH value. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model agrees very well with the experimental results.Different thermodynamic parameters such as Gibb’s free energy, enthalpy and entropy of the on-going adsorption process have also been evaluated. The thermodynamic analyses of the dye adsorption on organoclay indicated that the system was endothermic in nature .
Adsorption and Kinetic Study of Methylene Blue dye on New Surface Derived from Copolymer (Melamine – Formaldehyde – Para- methyl Anisole)
Authors: Hamud Waeel M.
Published: March 2024

A new copolymer (MFA) was prepared from condensation of melamine (M) with p- methyl – anisole (A) in the presence of condensation agent like 37% (w/v) of formaldehyde. The new copolymer was characterized by elemental, IR and HNMR spectra. The chelating ion-exchange property of this polymer was studied for methylene blue dye in aqueous solution in 100-200ppm concentrations. The adsorption study was carried out over a wide range of pH, shaking time and in media of various kinetic parameters models. Thermal parameters like enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy of adsorption process of methylene blue on surface of MFA resin were determined on the basis of kinetic parameters at different temperatures. To describe the equilibrium of adsorption, the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were used. The Langmuir isotherm correlation (R2=0.987) was the best fitted for experimental data with maximum adsorption capacity of 200 ppm. A higher correlation value of the kinetic's model was observed close to pseudo first order, second order and Temkin kinetic models values of correlation R2 lie in the range (0.983-0.987) in comparing to other kinetic models.
Histopathological Changes caused by The Chronic Effect of Nitrofurantoin Drug in The Testes of Albino Mice
Authors: Abaas Nada F. , Haba Mukhtar Kh.
Published: March 2024

The present study was conducted to determine histopathological changes caused by chronic effect of Nitrofurantoin(NFT) in The albino mice Testes. The Study included 40 mice were divided on the five groups: the first group taken distilled water and become control group . the remaining group which are exposure with NFT drug in concentration (100-150-200-250) mg / kg, respectively, Doses were given orally for a period (month and two months). The results of histopathological changes included occurrence of congestion in the blood vessel and degeneration of spermatogonia and aggregation of spermatids in the lumen of semineferous tubules and inhibition of spermatogensis process and decrease of sperm inside the lumen of semineferous tubule as well as necrosis and atrophy within germ cell layer , this changes be greatest in groups with high concentrations (200-250) mg / kg. NFT drug have side effect on testes by inhibition the spermatogenesis process and decrease of mature sperm number and necrosis found within in germ cell layer lining the seminiferous tubules.
Studying the x- ray atomic Scattering form Factor and Nuclear Magnetic Shielding Constant for Be atom in its Excited state (1s2 2s 3s) and the Be - like ions
Authors: AL-Bayati Khalil H. , AL-Shara Mayada J.
Published: March 2024

The division partitioning technique has been used to analyze the four electron systems into six-pairs electronic wave functions for ( for the Beryllium atom in its excited state (1s2 2s 3s ) and like ions ( B+1 ,C+2 ) using Hartree-Fock wave functions . The aim of this work is to study atomic scattering form factor f(s) for and nuclear magnetic shielding constant. The results are obtained numerically by using the computer software (Mathcad).
Concentration of lead and the proportion of sedimentary organic matter , clay minerals , non-clay minerals and soil gradation , City of Nasiriyah , Southern Iraq
Authors: Al-Obaidi Ryadh Y. , Al-Ani Nidhala H. , Kadhem Zainab G.
Published: March 2024

The present research included sampling and analysis of 41 soil samples , the samples cover various areas of Nasiriyah city (industrial,commercial,residential and agricultural ) to estimate pollution levels of lead element and determine the correlation between lead concentration and natural factors in soil which represent sedimentary organic matter content, granular gradient, clay minerals and non-clay minerals . The results of the current study showed that the average concentration of lead in the soil samples was 61.12 ppm , it was noticed an increase in the concentration of lead in environmental components in the area of this study especially in residential , industrial and commercial location and the impact of natural factors of the soil was limited and the main factors of pollution is resulting from human activities
Performance evolution of a hybrid thermal solar air conditioning system and compare it with a traditional system according to Iraq weather
Authors: Abd Salah Subhe , Sarhan Ali Raheemb , Salman Amer Abdullah , Mohammad Hassan Issa
Published: March 2024

In a hybrid cooling solar thermal systems , a solar collector is used to convert solar energy into heat energy in order to super heat the refrigerant leaving the compressor, and this process helps in the transformation of refrigerant state from gaseous state to the liquid state in upper two-thirds of the condenser instead of the lower two-thirds such as in the traditional air-conditioning systems and this will reduce the energy needed to run the process of cooling .In this research two systems with a capacity of 2 tons each were used, a hybrid air-conditioning system with an evacuated tubes solar collector and a traditional air-conditioning system . The refrigerant of each type was R22.The comparison was in the amount of energy and current consumption of the two systems at the same operating conditions. The energy consumed and the current of the hybrid system were less than the traditional air-conditioning system by 12% and 28.6% respectively, which means that there is a saving in the energy and current consumption as a result of the use of the solar thermal collector.
Preparation and Spectral Characterization of New Azo Imidazole Ligand 2-[(2`-Cyano Phenyl) Azo]-4,5-Diphenyl Imidazole and its Complexes with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg (II) Ions
Authors: Mahmoud Waleed A. , Ali Abid Allah M. , Kareem Tamara A.
Published: March 2024

The preparation and spectral characterization of complexes for Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Zn(II) and Hg(II) ions with new organic heterocyclic azo imidazole dye as ligand 2-[(2`-cyano phenyl) azo ]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole ) (2-CyBAI) were prepared by reacting a dizonium salt solution of 2-cyano aniline with 4,5-diphenyl imidazole in alkaline ethanolic solution .These complexes were characterized spectroscopically by infrared and electronic spectra along with elemental analysis‚ molar conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The data show that the ligand behaves a bidantate and coordinates to the metal ion via nitrogen atom of azo and with imidazole N3 atom. Octahedral environment is suggested for all metal complexes.
A comparative study to determine the nature of the eye lens protein in the two types of birds Iraqi
Authors: Gali Mohammed A. , Abid Shaimaa A.
Published: March 2024

The study showed significant differences between the average weight lens and the average amount protein in the lens between that Kestrel Falco tinnunculus L. and the Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto F. , also the study electrical migration of lens proteins having one bundle of crystalline –? in Kestrel compared with three bundles in Collared Dove, two bundles of crystalline – ? in both , and crystalline – ? appeared as one bundle in both birds.
A comparative study between conventional methods and Vidas UP Salmonella (SPT) to investigate salmonella species from local and imported meat
Authors: AL-mossawei Muna T. , Kadhim Alyaa A. , Hadi Beain H.
Published: March 2024

The study was preformed for investigating of Salmonella from meat, and compared Vidas UP Salmonella (SPT) with the traditional methods of isolation for Salmonella , were examined 42 meat samples (Beef and Chicken) from the Local and Imported From local markets in the city of Baghdad from period December 2013 -February 2014 the samples were cultured on enrichment and differential media and examined samples Vidas, and confirmed of isolates by cultivation chromgenic agar, biochemical tests ,Api20 E systeme , In addition serological tests , and the serotypes determinate in the Central Public Health Laboratory / National Institute of Salmonella The results showed the contamination in imported meat was more than in the local meat 11.9% and 2.3 %, respectively, also recorded the highest isolation of Salmonella from chicken meat compared with beef meat 9.5% and 4.7%, respectively, where isolated 3 serotype (7.14%) from imported chicken meat include S.typhimurium S.entertidis and S.livingstone at16.6% for each of them and 1 serotype (2.3%) isolate from local chicken meat include S.hadar 16.6%. The study recorded for the first time isolate of S. living stone in Iraq from imported chicken. While isolated 2 serotype (4.7%) isolate from imported beef included S. dublin and S. antum at 16.6% each of them .the sensitivity of antibiotics , was studies the results showed that it was resistant to each of Trimethprime Cetazidime Ampicillin Chloromphenicol, Ceftriaxone, and Amoxicillin (100, 66.6 ,33.3, 16.6 , 16.6 , and 16.6 ) % respectively , but sensitivite to Imipenem and Ciprofloxacin at 100% and confirmed the results that the Vidas technique better than traditional methods for speed and accuracy of their results.
Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor VEGF and Interlukin-8 As a Novel Biomarkers For Early Detection of Ovarian Tumors
Authors: Jumaa Maisaa G. , Habib Khalid A. , Hussein Munther J.
Published: March 2024

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths from gynecological malignancies. Angiogenesis is considered essential for tumor growth and the development of metastases. VEGF and IL?8 are potent angiostimulatory molecules and their expression has been demonstrated in many solid tumors, including ovarian cancer.VEGF and IL-8 concentrations were measured by ELISA test (HumanVEGF,IL-8). Bioassay ELISA/ US Biological / USA).The median VEGF and IL-8 levels were significantly higher in the sera of ovarian cancer patients than in those with benign tumors and in healthy controls.Pretreatment VEGF and IL-8 serum levels might be regarded as an additional tool in the differentiation of ovarian tumors.
Flow Injection Spectrophotometric Determination of Thymol using 4-Aminoantipyrine and Copper(II) Nitrate
Authors: Al-Abachi Mouayed Q. , Al-Najjar Nada Ali
Published: March 2024

Flow-injection (FI) spectrophotometric method has been developed for the analysis of thymol in pharmaceutical preparations. The method is based on organic coupling reaction between thymol and 4-amino antipyrine in the presence of alkaline medium to form an intense stable red color complex with copper nitrate that has a maximum absorption at 490 nm. Optimum conditions for determination of the drug was investigated .The calibration graph was linear over the range of 5-500 µg.ml-1 of thymol . The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 1.81 ?g mL-1 and 3.60 ?g mL-1 respectively .The proposed method was applied satisfactorily to the determination of thymol in mouth wash preparations. The procedure is characterized by its simplicity, accuracy and precision.
Determanation of Several Biochemical Parameters in Sera of Iraqi Patients with type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Farhan Layla O.
Published: March 2024

Diabetes mellitus, or simply diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced. This high blood sugar produces the classical symptoms of polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst), and polyphagia (increased hunger). The aim of the study is to measure several biochemical parameters in T2DM patients and the effect of these parameters in development the disease. Laboratory investigations including Ceruloplasmin , fasting blood glucose (FBG) , malondialdehyde (MDA), serum protein, uric acid, and protein electrophoresis have been measured in patients with type 2 diabetes. Blood samples were obtained from the patients and matching group of healthy volunteer subjects were considered as control group who came to the AL-Yarmok hospital for health checkup.There were significant differences in ceruloplasmin , FBG, malondialdehyde (MDA) , total protein, and uric acid,in the patients when compared to control group. There was a negative correlation between MDA [? mol/l] with ceruloplasmin [mg/dl/] (r=0.43, p
Synthesis, Characterization, Thermal Analysis and Structural Studies of New Complexes with Tetradentate Ligand
Authors: Al-Hamdani Abbas A. Salih , Hassan Sahar S.
Published: March 2024

Some new complexes of 4-(5-(1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl pyrazolidin-4- ylimino)-3,3-dimethyl cyclohexylideneamino) -1,5- dimethyl-2- phenyl -1H- pyrazol -3(2H) –one (L) with Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II), Re(V) and Pt(IV) were prepared. The ligand and its metal complexes were characterized by phisco- chemical spectroscopic techniques. The spectral data were suggested that the (L) as a neutral tetradentate ligand is coordinated with the metal ions through two nitrogen and two oxygen atoms. These studies revealed Octahedral geometries for all metal complexes, except square planar for Pd(II) complex. Moreover, the thermodynamic activation parameters, such as ?E*, ?H, ?S, ?G and K are calculated from the TGA curves using Coats –Redfern method. Hyper Chem -8 program has been used to predict structural geometries for compounds in gas phase. The heat of formation (?Hf) and bin ding energy (?Eb) at 298 °K for the free ligand and its metal complexes were calculated by PM3 method. The synthesized ligands and their metal complexes were screened for their biological activity against bacterial species, two Gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa).
Direct method for Solving Nonlinear Variational Problems by Using Hermite Wavelets
Authors: Alabacy Zina K. , Abdulrehman Asmaa A. , Hadi Lemia A.
Published: March 2024

In this work, we first construct Hermite wavelets on the interval [0,1) with it’s product, Operational matrix of integration 2^k M×2^k M is derived, and used it for solving nonlinear Variational problems with reduced it to a system of algebric equations and aid of direct method. Finally, some examples are given to illustrate the efficiency and performance of presented method.
The Preparation of some New Mannich and Shiff bases derived from 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole
Authors: Ahamed Mohammed R. , Narren Shetha F. , Sadiq Amaal S.
Published: March 2024

The present work involved two steps: the first step include Mannich reaction was carried out on 2- mercaptobenzimidazole using formaldehyde and different secondary amine or amide to gives the compounds(2-16). The secnd step include preparation of (Ethylbenzimidazoly-2-mercaptoacetate)(17) from the reaction of 2- mercaptobenzimidazole with ethylchloroacetate than prepared hydrazide derivative[18]from reaction of compound(17) with hydrazinehydrate. Followed Preparation of shiff bases(19-24) and there reaction with mercaptoacetic acid to give a new compounds containing thiazolidinderivetives(25-30).Structure confirmation of all prepared compound were proved using FTIR and element analysis (C.H.N.S) and mesurmentedmelting point.
Microwave Assisted Synthesis, Solution State, Spectral Studies and Theoretical Treatment of Pd(II) , Pt(IV) and Au(III) ions Complexes Containing 2-Benzamide Benzothiazole
Authors: Alias Mahasin F. , Jaafer Farah S.
Published: March 2024

2-benzamide benzothiazole complexes of Pd(II) , Pt(IV) and Au(III) ions were prepared by microwave assisted radiation. The ligand and the complexes were isolated and characterized in solid state by using FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, flame atomic absorption, elemental analysis CHNS , magnetic susceptibility measurements , melting points and conductivity measurements. The nature of complexes in liquid state was studied by following the molar ratio method which gave results approximately identical to those obtained from isolated solid state; also, stability constant of the prepared complexes were studied and found that they were stable in molar ratio 1:1.The complexes have a sequar planner geometry except Pt(IV) complex has octahedral . A theoretical treatment of ligand and its metal complexes in gas phase were studied using HyperChem-8 program, moreover, ligand in gas phase also has been studied using Gaussian program(GaussView Currently Available Version (5.0.9) along with Gaussian 09 which was the latest in the Gaussian series of programs).
The effect of obesity and Insulin Resistance on Liver Enzymes in Type2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Salman Eshraq M. , Hasan Bushra F.
Published: March 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been defined as a clinical syndrome that is characterized by abnormal carbohydrate metabolism. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long term damage, dysfunction, and failure of different organs, especially the liver .This study was conducted to assess the effect obesity and insulin resistance on liver enzymes in diabetic Iraqi patients.A comparative study of (90) Iraqi adults divided to three subgroup(30) obese ,(30) nonobese diabetic patients and(30)person had used as control. The analysis included Liver enzyme ALP,ALT,AST,GGT ,Fasting Plasma Glucose (FBG) , Lipid Profile , Hemoglobin A1C , insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA IR) were measured. Subjects were excluded from this study if they had liver disease, alcohol intake, medications for lowering lipid, insulin treatment, pregnant women and women taking contraceptive pills . The study shows significantly higher of liver enzymes level ( gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase, Aspartate Amino Transferase , Alanine Transaminase) in obese diabetic patients compared with non-obese diabetic patients and control subject and HOMA IR showed significantly higher in obese diabetic patients compared with non-obese with diabetic patients and control (P < 0.05). The lipids level showed significantly higher in obese diabetic patients compared with non-obese diabetic patients and control.The HbA1c level showed higher significantly in obese diabetic patients compared with control and ther is a posative correlation between insulin and HOMA IR , ALP in obeses diabetic patients while there was negative correlation between ALT and cholesterol in obese group and with HbA1c in control group. The liver enzymes level of(alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase gama glutaminase transferase ) is significantly higher in obese diabetic patients than non –obese diabetic patients and control group , also There was posative correlation between ALP and HOMA IR while there was negative correlation between ALT and cholesterol in obese group and with HbA1c in control group .
Single-input Multiple-output Signals Third-order Active-R Filter for different Circuit Merit Factor (Q)
Authors: Qasem Adnan A. , Narharraa Shinde G.
Published: March 2024

Single-input Multiple-output Signals Third-order Active-R Filter for different Circuit Merit Factor Q Configuration is proposed. This paper discusses a new configuration to realize third-order low pass, band pass and high pass. The presented circuit uses Single-input Multiple-output signals, OP-AMP and passive components. This filter is useful for high frequency operation, monolithic IC implementation and it is easy to design .This circuit gives three filter functions low-pass, high-pass and band-pass. This filter circuit can be used for different merit factor (Q) with high pass band gain. This gives better stop-band attenuation and sharper cut-off at the edge of the pass-band. Thus the response shows wider pass-band. The Ideal value of this filter circuit which is closed to Ideal value of third-order active-R filter is at 0.8? Q ?6. The advantages of this circuit are reduction in size and weight, increased circuit reliability, more economical and easy for manufacturing.
Oscillations of Third Order Half Linear Neutral Differential Equations
Authors: Mohamad Hussain A. , Shehab Layla M.
Published: March 2024

In this paper the oscillation criterion was investigated for all solutions of the third-order half linear neutral differential equations. Some necessary and sufficient conditions are established for every solution of (a(t)[(x(t)±p(t)x(?(t) ) )^'' ]^? )^'+q(t) x^? (?(t) )=0, t?t_0, to be oscillatory. Examples are given to illustrate our main results.
Histological and Histochemical study of the Esophagus in Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis
Authors: Hasoon Khawla K. , Haba Mukhtar K.
Published: March 2024

The present study represent the histological and histochemical structure of the esophagus of laughing dove Streptopelia senegalensis, one of the wild birds, which feed on the seeds( grainvorous).The result showed that the esophagus long tubular quit wide and highly distensible organ situated at the right side of the nick , lie between pharynx and stomach it was divided into cervical and thoracic part , the cervical part longer than the thoracic part, and the crop was merely enlargement fusiform in shape which located at the entrance of the thorax. Esophagus parts showed that composed of four layer ;the mucosa, sub mucosa, muscular and adventitia or serosa, the mucosal layer was arranged in folds which was longer in the cervical part and constituted by nonkertenized stratified squamous epithelium ,the lamina propria had esophageal glands in the the thoracic part only .The submucosa composed of a thin layer of connective tissue , muscularis externa consists of two layers of smooth muscle fibers, which were an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer which was surrounded by adventitia or serosa .The histochemical result showed the glands positive reaction with (PAS) dye and the mucous layer of the wall of the esophagus showed positive with Alcian blue -PAS dye as well as with Mercuric bromophenol blue dye, esophageal glands did not show a positive reaction with the last dye.
A new species of Solanum L.(Solanaceae) from Baghdad city Iraq
Authors: Zokian Silva A. , Al-Musawi Ali H.
Published: March 2024

Solanum americanum is a new annual shrubby plant seen recently in fields and gardens of Baghdad city. A new species is described and illustrated, inhabit wet or semi dry places and have consequently a mesophytic habit. A detailed morphological study of the stems, leaves, Inflorescence, flower, male and female reproductive organs and fruits has been done, revealed several interesting taxonomic characteristics, which have not previously been studied in Iraq. Also, anatomical studies reveals constant taxonomical characteristics such as the presence of anthocayanine in outer row of epidermis, distinct chlorenchyma in whole cortex, the wide pith of stems, and presence of distinct mesophyll that differentiated into palisade layer and spongy layer in leaves, amphistomatic bearing anomocytic stomatal complexes that are significant and constant characteristics in species studied.
Generated and shifted of Ion beams By Electrostatic Lenses (Einzel lens)
Authors: Mazhir Sabah N.
Published: March 2024

In this paper, the path of the extracted and focused ions by the electrostatic lense having three electrodes of the same size and shape have been studied. However, the first and third electrodes had a different potential from the second electrode and the distance between any three electrodes was (d).The beams of the charged particles were controlled by using electrostatic fields which are used for accelerating and focusing. This paper focuses also on the effect of electrodes potentials on ion beam focusing. It is found that the best focusing was achieved when the values of the potential of the first and third electrode are equal to half of the value of the second electrode. Concerning transmiting and acumulating the ions beams, the study shows that these beams stayed fixed and steady when their paths were doubled, without any change in extracted beam density. This method is called Plasma Portation.
Bounded Solutions of the Second Order Differential Equation x ?+f(x) x ?+g(x)=u(t)
Authors: Al–Azzawi Saad N. , Abid Na'mh A. , Joudha Zainab M.
Published: March 2024

In this paper we prove the boundedness of the solutions and their derivatives of the second order ordinary differential equation x ?+f(x) x ?+g(x)=u(t), under certain conditions on f,g and u. Our results are generalization of those given in [1].
Solving Two-Points Singular Boundary Value Problem Using Hermite Interpolation
Authors: Al-Razak Heba A. Abd
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we have been used the Hermite interpolation method to solve second order regular boundary value problems for singular ordinary differential equations. The suggest method applied after divided the domain into many subdomains then used Hermite interpolation on each subdomain, the solution of the equation is equal to summation of the solution in each subdomain. Finally, we gave many examples to illustrate the suggested method and its efficiency.
New Operational Matrices of Seventh Degree Orthonormal Bernstein Polynomials
Authors: Ali Mayada N. Mohammed
Published: March 2024

Based on analyzing the properties of Bernstein polynomials, the extended orthonormal Bernstein polynomials, defined on the interval [0, 1] for n=7 is achieved. Another method for computing operational matrices of derivative and integration D_b and R_(n+1)^B respectively is presented. Also the result of the proposed method is compared with true answers to show the convergence and advantages of the new method.
An Investigation of Gas-Fingering Behavior during CO2 Flooding in Acid Stimulation Formations
Authors: Li Longlong , Jia Cunqi , Yao Jun , Sepehrnoori Kamy , Abushaikha Ahmad , Liu Yuewu
Published: March 2024

CO2 flooding is emerging as a pivotal technique used extensively for carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) strategies. Acid stimulation is one common technique widely used to improve well-formation connectivity by creating wormholes. This work is motivated to investigate the gas-fingering behavior induced by acid stimulation during CO2 flooding. We present an integrated simulation framework to couple the acid stimulation and CO2 flooding processes, in which the two-scale continuum model is used to model the development of wormhole dissolution patterns. Then, sensitivity case simulations are conducted through the equation of state (EOS)–based compositional model to further analyze the CO2 fingering behavior in acid stimulation formations separately under immiscible and miscible conditions. Results demonstrate that for acid stimulation, the typical dissolution patterns and the optimal acid injection rate corresponding to the minimum acid breakthrough volume observed in the laboratory are prevalent in field-scale simulations. For CO2 flooding simulation, the dissolution patterns trigger CO2 fingering (bypassing due to the high conductivity of wormholes) in the stimulated region, and a lateral boundary effect eliminating fingers exerts its influence over the system through transverse mixing. The optimal acid injection rate varies when the focus of interest changes from the minimum acid breakthrough volume to CO2 flooding performance. The best CO2 flooding performance is always observed in uniform dissolution, and the dissolution patterns have a greater influence on the performance under miscible conditions. This work provides technical and theoretical support for the practical application of acid stimulation and CO2 flooding.
A Comparative Predicting ML Model for Compressive Strength of Fly Ash/GGBFS Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Paswan Rakesh , Pain Anindya , Sonkar Chanchal , Sahdeo Surya Kant
Published: March 2024

This research investigated the prediction of compressive strength in fly ash/GGBFS geopolymer concrete using three machine learning techniques: artificial neural network (ANN), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and MultiGene Genetic Programming (MGGP). The performance of these techniques was compared with traditional linear and nonlinear methods. Evaluation metrics such as correlation coefficient (R), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) were used, along with Taylor diagrams, to conduct a thorough comparative analysis of the prediction models. Sensitivity and parametric analyses were performed to assess the contribution and effectiveness of individual input variables. The results indicated that MGGP outperformed the other models in predicting the compressive strength of fly ash/GGBFS geopolymer concrete. The study demonstrates the potential of predictive tools for concrete strength and emphasizes the importance of considering input parameters' impact on strength prediction. Experimental validation of the selected model further supported its accuracy.
Patient perspectives on their outcomes from strabismus surgery undertaken for psychosocial reasons
Authors: Arblaster Gemma , Davis Helen , Buckley David , Barnes Sarah
Published: March 2024

Background
Strabismus surgery undertaken for psychosocial reasons aims to align the eyes in a straighter position, reduce the psychosocial symptoms experienced and improve health related quality of life (HRQoL). Greater evidence of the postoperative outcomes in adults undergoing strabismus surgery for psychosocial reasons is required to inform funding and commissioning decisions about strabismus surgery.
Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with adults who had previously undergone strabismus surgery for psychosocial reasons to explore their perceptions of their postoperative outcomes. Maximum variation sampling was used to recruit males and females, younger and older participants. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis following the principles of grounded theory.
Results
Thirteen adults were recruited and interviewed, mean 12.2 months postoperatively (range 4.5-20 months). Participants reported a range of improvements in vision, task performance, physical symptoms and confidence and emotions. Some worsening of physical symptoms was reported.
Conclusion
Despite undergoing strabismus surgery for psychosocial reasons, a range of improvements in vision, task performance and physical symptoms were reported by adult patients postoperatively, in addition to the expected improvements in confidence and emotions.
Reducing GPS orbital and clocks errors using recurrent neural networks
Authors: Bousnane Akram Abderrahaman , Berguig Mohamed Cherif , Dekkiche Hicham
Published: March 2024

Because satellite orbits and clocks are usually treated as known quantities in GPS positioning models, these errors are one of the most impactful in Global Navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning, especially in single point positioning mode. In this work we tried to reduce orbit and clock errors using deep learning technique (recurrent neural network) by creating a model that predict the offsets of broadcast ephemeris and clock biases, from precise products. We tried two different methods, the first one is predicting the future offsets for the next + 72 hours basing on both precise and broadcast ephemeris, and the second method is predicting the current offsets using only broadcast ephemeris as inputs. To create the models, we used Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) architectures. These architectures are generally used to solve sequential problems in deep learning. We got results that vary between methods in terms of satellites and time steps. For the first method we get (10-50cm) and (0.5-1.7ns) reduced from (~ 130cm, ~ 14ns), It increases over time steps, and we get a minimum of (44cm) for the second method.
Universal salt-assisted assembly of MXene from solution on polymers
Authors: Li Bo , Zhao Liang , Bi Lingyi , Hu Jiayue , Gao Guanhui , Zhang Danzhen , Li Yun , Flynn Aidan , Zhang Teng , Wang Ruocun , Cheng Xuemei , Liu Ling , Gogotsi Yury
Published: March 2024

Two-dimensional carbides and nitrides known as MXenes are promising water-processable coating materials with excellent electrical conductivity, and thermal and optical properties1. However, deposition of hydrophilic MXene nanosheets on inert and/or hydrophobic surfaces of polymer or textiles requires plasma treatment or chemical surface modification2,3. Herein, we demonstrate a universal salt-assisted assembly from a solution that produces ultra-thin and uniform MXene coatings with outstanding mechanical stability and washability on diverse polymers, including high-performance polymers for applications under extreme temperature conditions. The salt added to the Ti3C2Tx aqueous colloid neutralizes MXene’s surface charge and deposits MXene onto the polymer surface. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest a decreasing interlayer spacing due to the expulsion of water molecules and anions, while cations are trapped between the MXene layers. A library of salts has been used to tailor the assembly kinetics and coating morphology. A 170 nm MXene coating for thermal management enables a ~200 °C radiation temperature drop on a 300 °C PEEK substrate, greatly decreasing energy loss. Joule heating of Kevlar fabric with ~870 nm MXene coating using a 4 V battery sustains comfortable for human conditions at -80 °C outside temperature and can be used in extreme environments such as outer space, polar regions, and high altitudes.
Comparison of three machine learning methods in identification of major bleeding events in postoperative patients with malignant tumors
Authors: Li Hui , Yao Haiyang , Gao Yuxiang , Luo Hang , Cai Changbin , Zhou Zhou , Yuan Muhan , Jiang Wei
Published: March 2024

Background
To develop a machine learning model tool for identifying postoperative patients with major bleeding based on electronic medical record system.
Methods
This study used the available information in the National Health and Medical Big Data (Eastern) Center in Jiangsu Province of China. We randomly selected the medical records of 2,000 patients who underwent in-hospital tumor resection surgery between January 2018 and December 2021 from the database. Physicians classified each note as present or absent for a major bleeding event during the postoperative hospital stay. Feature engineering was created by bleeding expressions, high frequency related expressions and quantitative logical judgment. Logistic regression (LR), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and convolutional neural network(CNN) were developed and trained using the 1600-note training set. The main outcomes were accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for each model.
Results
Major bleeding was present in 4.31% of training set and 4.75% of test set. For the training set, LR method has the sensitivity of 1.0000 and specificity of 0.8152 while CNN method has the sensitivity of 0.9710 and specificity of 0.9027. LR and CNN methods both perform well in the sensitivity and specificity in the test set. Although the KNN method has high specificity in the training set and test set, its sensitivity is very low in both sets.
Conclusions
Both LR method and CNN method perform well in identifying major bleeding occurring in postoperative patients with malignant tumors, with high sensitivity and specificity.
Enabling biocontained plant virus transmission studies through establishment of an axenic whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) colony on plant tissue culture
Authors: Curtis Wayne , Thompson Natalie , Krum David , Chen Yun-Ru , Torres Mariela , Trauger Marena , Strike Dalton , Weston Zachary , Polston Jane
Published: March 2024

Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) and the diseases they transmit are active enemies of global crop yield and therefore multidisciplinary studies involving plant-insect-virus interactions are needed. Presented here is the establishment of a colony of axenic (culturable microorganism free) whiteflies on tissue-cultured plants. Colony establishment was achieved with a surface sterilization of whitefly eggs laid on axenic phototrophically tissue-cultured plants. The recovery and transfer of emerging whiteflies through coupled tissue culture vessels to new axenic plants allows robust subculturing and produces hundreds of whitefly adults per month in a 1.1 L tissue culture vessel. Whitefly proliferation on more than a dozen plant species is shown as well as in vitro testing of whitefly preference for different plants. This novel axenic system provides the high-level of biocontainment needed to conduct virus transmission experiments. Axenic whitefly adults were able to acquire and transmit a begomovirus from tissue-cultured plants, indicating the irrelevance of culturable gut microorganisms in virus transmission. The methodology described here could be used to address a wide range of questions regarding whiteflies and plant virus transmission without the expense, facilities, and contamination risks associated with standard approaches.
An ecological approach to understanding transitions and tensions in complex learning contexts
Authors: McCrone Luke , Kingsbury Martyn
Published: March 2024

The move away from transmission-based lecturing towards a more student-centred active learning approach is well evidenced in STEM higher education. However, the examination of active learning has remained generally confined to formal timetabled contexts, with assumptions made that students independently manage the transition between timetabled and non-timetabled learning. This paper introduces research findings from a mixed method study which used an ecological approach when investigating student transitions between a formal lecture theatre and adjacent informal breakout space in a UK STEM university. Using quantitative occupancy monitoring data to analyse usage patterns of both spaces, in combination with qualitative ethnographic observations and field interviews, permitted a purposeful exploration of student engagement with transitions within and between the two learning spaces. The ecological approach aided the discovery of spatial, pedagogic and agentic transitions and tensions, which subsequently informed strategic modification of space across the institution to facilitate adoption of active learning pedagogy.
MCM5 is an oncogenic driver in glioma progression through regulating cell cycle
Authors: Ye Yunfeng , Song Beibei , Cheng Hongwei
Published: March 2024

Background: Minichromosome maintenance protein 5 (MCM5) has been found to be a new oncogene in many cancers. However, its role in glioma remains unclear. Therefore, we mainly plan to investigate the potential mechanism of MCM5 in glioma.
Methods: Bioinformatics tools were employed to evaluate the expression of MCM5 in glioma and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics. GEPIA database was applied to assess the prognostic value of MCM5 in glioma, and functional enrichment analysis of MCM5 was also performed. Subsequently, we further investigated the effects of MCM5 on cell functions through cell experiments like scratch, Transwell, and flow cytometry experiments.
Results: MCM5 was overexpressed in glioma, and its expression level significantly affected the disease-free survival and overall survival of glioma patients. Besides, the expression level of MCM5 was positively correlated with Th2 cell, aCD and other immune cells. Gene enrichment analysis suggested that MCM5 might be involved in tumorigenesis by regulating DNA replication process. In vitro experiments showed that MCM5 promoted the cell proliferation, migration, and cell cycle in glioma.
Conclusion: By bioinformatics analysis and cell experiments, MCM5 is found to promote the progression of glioma by accelerating cell cycle, and it could be an independent factor for prognostic prediction in glioma. These findings will provide new clues for the mechanism exploration and prognostic prediction of glioma.
MOSBY enables multi-omic inference and spatial biomarker discovery from whole slide images
Authors: Senbabaoglu Yasin , Prabhakar Vignesh , Khormali Aminollah , Eastham Jeff , Warner Elisa , Liu Evan , Nabet Barzin , Srivast Minu , Ballinger Marcus , Liu Kai
Published: March 2024

The utility of deep neural nets has been demonstrated for mapping hematoxylin-and-eosin (H&E) stained image features to expression of individual genes. However, these models have not been employed to discover clinically relevant spatial biomarkers. Here we develop MOSBY (Multi-Omic translation of whole slide images for Spatial Biomarker discoverY) that leverages contrastive self-supervised pretraining to extract improved H&E whole slide images features, learns a mapping between image and bulk omic profiles (RNA, DNA, and protein), and utilizes tile-level information to discover spatial biomarkers. We validate MOSBY gene and gene set predictions with spatial transcriptomic and serially-sectioned CD8 IHC image data. We demonstrate that MOSBY-inferred colocalization features have survival-predictive power orthogonal to gene expression, and enable concordance indices highly competitive with survival-trained multimodal networks. We identify and validate 1) an ER stress-associated colocalization feature as a chemotherapy-specific risk factor in lung adenocarcinoma, and 2) the colocalization of T effector cell vs cysteine signatures as a negative prognostic factor in multiple cancer indications. The discovery of clinically relevant biologically interpretable spatial biomarkers showcases the utility of the model in unraveling novel insights in cancer biology as well as informing clinical decision-making.