bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is lithium neuroprotective? An updated mechanistic illustrated review
Authors: Ghanaatfar Fateme , Ghanaatfar Ali , Isapour Parisa , Farokhi Negin , Bozorgniahosseini Seyedehnahal , Javadi Mahshid , Gholami Mina , Ulloa Luis , Coleman‐Fuller Natalie , Motaghinejad Majid
Published: August 2022

Neurodegeneration is a pathological process characterized by progressive neuronal impairment, dysfunction, and loss due to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Many studies have shown that lithium protects against neurodegeneration. Herein, we summarize recent clinical and laboratory studies on the neuroprotective effects of lithium against neurodegeneration and its potential to modulate mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Recent findings indicate that lithium regulates critical intracellular pathways such as phosphatidylinositol‐3 (PI3)/protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK3β) and PI3/Akt/response element‐binding protein (CREB)/brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We queried PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Elsevier, and other related databases using search terms related to lithium and its neuroprotective effect in various neurodegenerative diseases and events from January 2000 to May 2022. We reviewed the major findings and mechanisms proposed for the effects of lithium. Lithium's neuroprotective potential against neural cell degeneration is mediated by inducing anti‐inflammatory factors, antioxidant enzymes, and free radical scavengers to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction. Lithium effects are regulated by two essential pathways: PI3/Akt/GSK3β and PI3/Akt/CREB/BDNF. Lithium acts as a neuroprotective agent against neurodegeneration by preventing inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction using PI3/Akt/GSK3β and PI3/Akt/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways.
Assisted self‐assessment to optimize the OPIc test experience
Authors: Spino LeAnne L. , Echevarría Megan M. , Wu Yu
Published: August 2022

The Challenge

A principal adaptive feature of the ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interview—computer (OPIc) is a self‐assessment instrument through which test takers select a level‐appropriate test form. How accurately do test takers select level‐appropriate forms on the OPIc? Would assistance with the test form selection process optimize the testing experience?
A review of current knowledge and research priorities for conservation of lentic biodiversity in tropical wet and monsoonal urban landscapes
Authors: Gebreselassie Selam S. , Lechner Alex M. , Hill Matthew J. , Teo Fang Yenn , Gibbins Christopher N.
Published: August 2022

Urban expansion is a major threat to diversity, especially in rapidly developing tropical countries where urban areas are growing at great pace and protection is limited.

We conducted a systematic review of published research on the ecology of lentic habitats in tropical urban areas. The review focused on understanding: (1) how much is currently known about the biodiversity of these habitats; (2) whether this knowledge is biased towards certain taxonomic groups and/or geographic areas; (3) what is known about the factors influencing their diversity; and (4) which ecosystem services urban lentic habitats provide. The review aimed to establish whether existing knowledge is sufficient to help guide conservation and provide evidence to policy makers of the importance of conserving tropical urban wetlands.

We found 64 papers that addressed questions about the diversity and/or distribution of lentic ecosystems within tropical urban areas. Papers came from 15 countries, although almost half (45%) were from India; relatively few countries from Southeast Asia, tropical Africa, or South America were represented in the literature.

Publication patterns revealed a growing interest in urban wetlands, but several biases and gaps were evident from the review. Firstly, papers generally focused on larger natural or semi‐natural wetlands, with other types and sizes of lentic habitat under‐represented in published work. Secondly, most papers focused on a single site, with a limited number of multi‐site, city‐wide, or landscape‐scale diversity assessments. Thirdly, studies tended to focus on understanding the influence of water quality on diversity, with work assessing the influence of physical habitat or factors related to dispersal and connectivity very limited. Finally, work assessing the ecosystem services provided by wetlands in tropical urban areas remains narrow in focus, with few quantitative assessments of the relationship between ecological characteristics and ecosystem functions and services.

We suggest a number of research focal points and approaches to help address these biases. Research is needed to improve understanding of the distribution patterns tropical freshwater species in urban areas and of the relationships between species diversity and a wider set of environmental and spatial conditions. Overall, there is a need for diversity assessments of tropical urban wetlands of all types and sizes, especially new and novel habitats, and scope for much greater adoption of ecosystem service concepts and evaluation tools to help emphasise the importance of these habitats.
Heat tolerance of marine ectotherms in a warming Antarctica
Authors: Molina Andrés N. , Pulgar José M. , Rezende Enrico L. , Carter Mauricio J.
Published: August 2022

Global warming is affecting the Antarctic continent in complex ways. Because Antarctic organisms are specialized to living in the cold, they are vulnerable to increasing temperatures, although quantitative analyses of this issue are currently lacking. Here we compiled a total of 184 estimates of heat tolerance belonging to 39 marine species and quantified how survival is affected concomitantly by the intensity and duration of thermal stress. Species exhibit thermal limits displaced toward colder temperatures, with contrasting strategies between arthropods and fish that exhibit low tolerance to acute heat challenges, and brachiopods, echinoderms, and molluscs that tend to be more sensitive to chronic exposure. These differences might be associated with mobility. A dynamic mortality model suggests that Antarctic organisms already encounter temperatures that might be physiologically stressful and indicate that these ecological communities are indeed vulnerable to ongoing rising temperatures.
A collaborative workflow between pathologists and deep learning for the evaluation of tumour cellularity in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sakamoto Taro , Furukawa Tomoi , Pham Hoa H N , Kuroda Kishio , Tabata Kazuhiro , Kashima Yukio , Okoshi Ethan N , Morimoto Shimpei , Bychkov Andrey , Fukuoka Junya
Published: August 2022

Aims

The reporting of tumour cellularity in cancer samples has become a mandatory task for pathologists. However, the estimation of tumour cellularity is often inaccurate. Therefore, we propose a collaborative workflow between pathologists and artificial intelligence (AI) models to evaluate tumour cellularity in lung cancer samples and propose a protocol to apply it to routine practice.

Methods and results

We developed a quantitative model of lung adenocarcinoma that was validated and tested on 50 cases, and a collaborative workflow where pathologists could access the AI results and adjust their original tumour cellularity scores (adjusted‐score) that we tested on 151 cases. The adjusted‐score was validated by comparing them with a ground truth established by manual annotation of haematoxylin and eosin slides with reference to immunostains with thyroid transcription factor‐1 and napsin A. For training, validation, testing the AI and testing the collaborative workflow, we used 40, 10, 50 and 151 whole slide images of lung adenocarcinoma, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of tumour segmentation were 97 and 87%, respectively, and the accuracy of nuclei recognition was 99%. One pathologist's visually estimated scores were compared to the adjusted‐score, and the pathologist's scores were altered in 87% of cases. Comparison with the ground truth revealed that the adjusted‐score was more precise than the pathologists' scores (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

We proposed a collaborative workflow between AI and pathologists as a model to improve daily practice and enhance the prediction of tumour cellularity for genetic tests.
Risk assessment of exposure to benzoic acid and benzene from consumption of functional drinks
Authors: Leesuraplanon Christina , Jayasena Vijay , Karnpanit Weeraya
Published: August 2022

This study aims to determine content and conduct exposure assessments of benzene and benzoic acid in functional beverages. A total of 47 functional drink products were purchased from convenience stores in Bangkok, Thailand. Benzene and benzoic acid contents were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), respectively. Risk characterisations of exposures to benzoic acid were assessed by hazard quotient. Margin of exposure and cancer risk approaches were used for exposure assessment of benzene. The results showed that benzoic acid levels ranged from 74–229 mg L−1 complying with Thai food standards and the Codex Alimentarius. Benzene concentrations varied between 0.60–551 μg L−1, and 14 samples (30%) had concentrations above the limit of 10 μg L−1 recommended by World Health Organization. Regularly high consumption of vitamin C‐enriched drinks containing benzoic acid results in high exposure to benzene with attendant cancer risk. To reduce health risks, drinks containing benzoic acid as a preservative should not be fortified with vitamin C.
An early evaluation of the HISTO SPOT® AB ID Class I & II test in cardiothoracic transplant patients
Authors: Cashin James , Flynn Patrick , Worthington Judith , Lowe Marcus , Canterbury Andrew , Launhardt Kristin , Crosby Ian , Sheldon Stephen , Venkateswaran Rajamiyer , Poulton Kay
Published: August 2022

The HISTO SPOT®AB ID assay (BAG Diagnostics GmbH) is a novel single antigen HLA Class I & II antibody definition test used with the MR.SPOT® processor. We compared this assay with Luminex®‐based assays to assess its potential application in defining unacceptable antigens for transplantation in patients awaiting transplants with cardiothoracic organs. A cohort of 40 sensitized cardiothoracic patients were identified, and one sample was selected from each patient. The required screening was based on the patients’ antibody profiles (Class I, n = 17, Class II, n = 11, Class I & II, n = 12). Samples were screened with LABScreen™ Single Antigen (SAg), LIFECODES® LSA™, HISTO SPOT® AB ID, and an acid modified LABScreen™ SAg test for detecting antibodies against denatured HLA. Results indicated that HISTO SPOT® AB ID had reduced sensitivity (68% for Class I; 69% for Class II). When compared to LABScreen™ and LIFECODES®, HISTO SPOT® AB ID failed to detect Luminex®‐defined antibodies with median fluorescence intensity (MFI) ranging from 1114 to 24,489. The HISTO SPOT® AB ID panel used in the study had reduced antigen representation compared with Luminex®‐based assays which further compromised its capacity for antibody detection and definition. Further work is needed to evaluate the clinical relevance of these differences between the performance of HISTO SPOT® and Luminex®‐based methods.
Towards a flatter ontology of institutional logics: How logics relate in situations of institutional complexity
Authors: Mountford Nicola , Cai Yuzhuo
Published: August 2022

The institutional logics approach is a powerful lens with which to examine and understand contexts in which norms and conceptions are multiple, unclear or in flux. While logics at the societal level have been well elaborated and are, in the most part, widely understood and accepted, at the field level logics are not necessarily so clear. Field frames distort, merge and confuse the societal logic as field actors negotiate, rebalance, bridge and interpret logics in a recursively constitutive process. We review research in two institutionally complex fields—higher education and healthcare ‐ that employs an institutional logics lens. We identify and categorize institutional logics arising in these two fields and ask how these field‐level logics relate to each other and to societal‐level ideal‐type logics. We ask what roles ideologies play in mediating relations between the field‐level logics and what are the mechanisms by which this happens. We find that, at the field level, societal logics can appear as field‐level instantiations or merge to form hybrids. New field‐level logics can also emerge, but often these are confused with ideologies, thus limiting the theory‐building potential of the institutional logics approach. We identify and begin to resolve confusion between logics and ideologies, highlighting the role of ideologies in mediating the relationships between logics at the field level. We advocate for, and pave the way towards, a new research agenda enabled by a flatter ontology of institutional logics that sees a horizontal relationship between logics as well as a vertical relationship between logics and actors.
Extracellular vesicles in atherothrombosis: From biomarkers and precision medicine to therapeutic targets
Authors: Badimon Lina , Padro Teresa , Arderiu Gemma , Vilahur Gemma , Borrell‐Pages Maria , Suades Rosa
Published: August 2022

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the leading cause of global mortality. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small phospholipid vesicles that convey molecular bioactive cargoes and play essential roles in intercellular communication and, hence, a multifaceted role in health and disease. The present review offers a glimpse into the current state and up‐to‐date concepts on EV field. It also covers their association with several cardiovascular risk factors and ischemic conditions, being subclinical atherosclerosis of utmost relevance for prevention. Interestingly, we show that EVs hold promise as prognostic and diagnostic as well as predictive markers of ASCVD in the precision medicine era. We then report on the role of EVs in atherothrombosis, disentangling the mechanisms involved in the initiation, progression, and complication of atherosclerosis and showing their direct effect in the context of arterial thrombosis. Finally, their potential use for therapeutic intervention is highlighted.
Paraneoplastic pemphigus: A detailed case series from the Netherlands revealing atypical cases
Authors: Zaheri Farhat , Pas Hendri H. , Bremer Jeroen , Meijer Joost M. , Bolling Marieke C. , Horvath Barbara , Diercks Gilles F. H.
Published: August 2022

Background

Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is an extremely rare life‐threatening blistering autoimmune disease that is associated with an underlying neoplasm. There is a set diagnostic criterion for PNP, which is primarily based on a severe stomatitis and the detection of specific antibodies against envoplakin, periplakin and alpha‐2‐macroglobulin‐like protein 1. However, it has become increasingly evident that there are patients with PNP that do not meet all the diagnostic criteria requirements.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to analyse our cohort of Dutch patients and to define the atypical cases that did not meet the diagnostic criteria.

Methods

A retrospective case study of all known Dutch PNP patients of the past 25 years. Patients' clinical and immunological variables were thoroughly analysed and described.

Results

Twenty‐four patients were included in this study. The results revealed several atypical patient cases that did not completely meet the set diagnostic criteria. Of the 24 patients, two patients presented without stomatitis, in three patients an underlying neoplasm could not be detected, and in two patients the presence of specific autoantibodies could not be demonstrated, although all other criteria for PNP were met. Finally, three of the 24 patients survived the disease.

Conclusion

Although our findings showed similarities to previous studies and most of the patients met the criteria, there were a few atypical patient cases; highlighting the importance of not strictly adhering to the set criteria when making a diagnosis, as this can lead to a missed or late diagnosis. Thus, it is of crucial importance to combine clinical and elaborate laboratory results to confirm the diagnosis of PNP in suspected patients. Although PNP harbours an unfavourable prognosis in most cases, it might be resolved by timely treatment of the underlying cause.
Impact of endoscopic surveillance on mortality of metachronous esophageal and head and neck cancer after esophageal endoscopic resection
Authors: Matsueda Katsunori , Ishihara Ryu , Morishima Toshitaka , Okubo Yuki , Kawakami Yushi , Sakurai Hirohisa , Nakamura Takahiko , Tani Yasuhiro , Miyake Muneaki , Shichijo Satoki , Maekawa Akira , Kanesaka Takashi , Yamamoto Sachiko , Takeuchi Yoji , Higashino Koji , Uedo Noriya , Michida Tomoki , Matsunaga Takashi , Ohno Yuko , Sobue Tomotaka , Miyashiro Isao
Published: August 2022

Background and Aim

As more superficial esophageal cancer (EC) patients are being treated with endoscopic resection (ER), it is important to understand the outcomes, including survival data, of patients who develop metachronous EC and head and neck cancer (HNC). We aimed to evaluate the long‐term surveillance and survival outcomes of metachronous EC and HNC after esophageal ER.

Methods

This study included 627 patients who underwent ER of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from 2008 to 2016 and were generally followed by annual or biannual esophagogastroduodenoscopy up to 2019 at Osaka International Cancer Institute. Data on metachronous cancer development and causes of death were collected from an integrated database of hospital‐based cancer registry and Vital Statistics of Japan.

Results

During a median (range) follow‐up period of 67.4 (3.8–142.7) months, 230 patients (36.7%) developed 500 metachronous ECs and 126 patients (20.1%) developed 239 metachronous HNCs, post‐ER of index EC. The 3‐year, 5‐year, and 7‐year cumulative incidences were 25.8%, 36.0%, and 43.6% for metachronous EC and 10.9%, 16.0%, and 26.9% for metachronous HNC, respectively. No patients died of metachronous EC, and only seven patients (1.1%) died of metachronous HNC. The 3‐year, 5‐year, and 7‐year disease‐specific survival rates were 99.8%, 99.6%, and 98.6%, respectively.

Conclusions

The incidences of metachronous EC and HNC increase with time over 5 years after esophageal ER; therefore, surveillance endoscopy should be continued over 5 years. Endoscopic surveillance is useful for survivors after esophageal ER given the high incidence and extremely low mortality of metachronous EC and HNC.
Baby‐led weaning: A thematic analysis of comments made by parents using online parenting forums
Authors: Pearce Jo , Rundle Rachel
Published: August 2022

Background

Baby‐led weaning (BLW) centres on making the baby an active partner, rather than a passive recipient of complementary feeding. Key features of BLW include self‐feeding foods in their natural form, eating with the rest of the family and consuming family foods. This differs from traditional weaning (TW) where parents initially spoon feed purees, alongside finger foods, before graduating to more textured food. Previous research, however, has suggested parents may not fully adhere to one weaning style. The present study aimed to explore how the meaning and interpretation of BLW may contribute to the weaning style used.

Methods

Messages and responses posted on three UK parenting forums, and relating to complementary feeding, were analysed using an interpretive thematic approach.

Results

The characterisation of BLW by parents was varied, although they described BLW having an ethos which included trusting the baby, role modelling, developing confidence with food and sharing the social aspects of mealtimes. BLW also offered an alternative to those actively seeking something different or a default for those whose baby refused purees or spoon feeding. BLW felt like a natural progression, with low parental effort for some, and a source of anxiety, stress, choking risk and mess for others. Many parents struggled to find a process (what to eat and when) within BLW that they could follow. Finger foods were used synonymously with BLW, but many mixed/blurred aspects of both TW and BLW.

Conclusions

The interpretation of BLW varies considerably between parents and a broader definition of BLW may be required, along with guidance on the process and purpose of BLW.
Construction and validation of postoperative hypothermia prediction model for patients undergoing joint replacement surgery
Authors: Li Leilei , Lu Yubing , Yang Li Li , Xu Wei , Yu Jing Kai
Published: August 2022

Aim

To construct and validate a postoperative hypothermia prediction model for patients undergoing joint replacement surgery.

Background

Postoperative hypothermia is one of the harmful perioperative complications in patients undergoing joint replacement surgery. The previous studies mainly focused on intraoperative hypothermia prediction models. The prediction model for postoperative hypothermia in patients with joint replacement surgery was understudied.

Design

Cohort study.

Methods

We collected data from 503 participants undergoing joint replacement surgery in a tertiary hospital from January 2019 to December 2021. Of those, 404 cases were assigned to the modelling and 99 to the validation groups. Logistic regression was used to construct the model. The AUC was used to test the predictive effect of the model. Finally, 99 cases were used to verify the application effect of the model. A TRIPOD checklist was used to guide the reporting of this study.

Results

The factors entered into the prediction model were age, intraoperative hypothermia, BMI, heat preservation measures and platelet (PLT). The model was constructed as follows: Logit (P) = .537 + 3.669 × 1 (intraoperative hypothermia) + .030 × age − .289 × BMI + 2.857 × 1 (intraoperative insulation measures) + .003 × PLT. Hosmer–Lemeshow test, p = .608, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was .861. The Youden index was .530, the sensitivity was .599 and the specificity was .93. The incidence of postoperative hypothermia in the modelling group was 42.93% (173/404), and that in the verification group was 43.43% (43/99), χ2 = .012, p = .912. The correct practical application rate was 87.88%. This model has a good application effect.

Conclusion

The current prediction model provided a reference for clinical screening of patients with high‐risk hypothermia after joint replacement surgery.

Relevance to clinical practice

Clinical nurses can use the developed prediction model to predict the occurrence of postoperative hypothermia and provide a reference for the preventive measure.
Usefulness of implementing the OHIP‐14 questionnaire to assess the impact of xerostomia and hyposalivation on quality of life in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Serrano Julia , López‐Pintor Rosa María , Fernández‐Castro Mónica , Ramírez Lucía , Sanz Mariano , López Javier , Blázquez María Ángeles , González Jorge Juan , Hernández Gonzalo ,   EPOX‐SSp Group
Published: August 2022

Background

The aim of this study is to analyze if the results of the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 questionnaire (OHIP‐14) in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) are correlated with salivary flow and level of xerostomia.

Methods

This observational cross‐sectional study was conducted in 61 patients (60 women, one man, mean age 57.64 [13.52]) diagnosed of pSS according to the American‐European Criteria (2002). After recording demographic, medical and dental data (decayed‐missing‐filled teeth index [DMFT]), unstimulated (UWS) and stimulated (SWS) salivary flows were collected. Subsequently, UWS flow was categorized into two groups (<0.1 ml/min and ≥0.1 ml/min) and SWS into three groups (<0.1 ml/min, 0.1–0.7 ml/min and >0.7 ml/min). Patients also filled out a visual analog scale (VAS) for xerostomia and OHIP‐14 for self‐reported quality of life (QoL).

Results

Data showed positive and significant correlation between OHIP‐14 and xerostomia, based on VAS results (r = 0.52; p = 0.001). Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between UWS and OHIP‐14 scores (r = −0.34; p = 0.006) and VAS for xerostomia (r = −0.22; p = 0.09). No significant correlation was found between SWS and OHIP‐14 or VAS neither between DMFT and OHIP‐14. When assessing the level of QoL by the UWS and SWS flow categories a significant association was found for UWS (p = 0.001) but not for SWS (p = 0.11). The OHIP‐14 values were higher in the groups with lower salivary flow. The multiple linear regression to predict OHIP‐14 only selected VAS for xerostomia as a statistically significant predictor.

Conclusions

Increased level of xerostomia and reduced UWS flow decrease oral health‐related QoL in patients with pSS.
Supraspinal melatonin MT2 receptor agonism alleviates pain via a neural circuit that recruits mu opioid receptors
Authors: Posa Luca , De Gregorio Danilo , Lopez‐Canul Martha , He Qianzi , Darcq Emmanuel , Rullo Laura , Pearl‐Dowler Leora , Luongo Livio , Candeletti Sanzio , Romualdi Patrizia , Kieffer Brigitte Lina , Gobbi Gabriella
Published: August 2022

Melatonin, through its G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) (MTNR1B gene) MT2, is implicated in analgesia, but the relationship between MT2 receptors and the opioid system remains elusive. In a model of rodent neuropathic pain (spared nerve injured [SNI]), the selective melatonin MT2 agonist UCM924 reversed the allodynia (a pain response to a non‐noxious stimulus), and this effect was nullified by the pharmacological blockade or genetic inactivation of the mu opioid receptor (MOR), but not the delta opioid receptor (DOR). Indeed, SNI MOR, but not DOR knockout mice, did not respond to the antiallodynic effects of the UCM924. Similarly, the nonselective opioid antagonist naloxone and the selective MOR antagonist D‐Phe‐Cys‐Tyr‐D‐Trp‐Orn‐Thr‐Pen‐Thr‐NH2 (CTOP) blocked the effects of UCM924 in SNI rats, but not the DOR antagonist naltrindole (NTI). Electrophysiological recordings in the rostral‐ventromedial medulla (RVM) revealed that the typical reduction of the firing activity of pronociceptive ON‐cells, and the enhancement of the firing of the antinociceptive OFF‐cells, induced by the microinjection of the MT2 agonist UCM924 into the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) were blocked by MOR, but not DOR, antagonism. Immunohistochemistry studies showed that MT2 receptors are expressed in both excitatory (CaMKIIα+) and inhibitory (GAD65+) neuronal cell bodies in the vlPAG (~2.16% total), but not RVM. Only 0.20% of vlPAG neurons coexpressed MOR and MT2 receptors. Finally, UCM924 treatment induced an increase in the enkephalin precursor gene (PENK) in the PAG of SNI mice. Collectively, the melatonin MT2 receptor agonism requires MORs to exert its antiallodynic effects, mostly through an interneuronal circuit involving MOR and MT2 receptors.
The chondrite breccia of Antonin (L4‐5)—A new meteorite fall from Poland with a heterogeneous distribution of metal
Authors: Bischoff Addi , Patzek Markus , Peters Stefan T. M. , Barrat Jean‐Alix , Di Rocco Tommaso , Pack Andreas , Ebert Samuel , Jansen Christian A. , Kmieciak Kryspin
Published: August 2022

On July 15, 2021, a huge fireball was visible over Poland. After the possible strewn field was calculated, the first and so far only sample, with a mass of 350 g, was discovered 18 days after the fireball event. The Antonin meteorite was found August 3, 2021, on the edge of a forest close to a dirt road near Helenow, a small suburb of the city of Mikstat. The rock is an ordinary chondrite breccia and consists of equilibrated and recrystallized lithologies. The boundaries between different fragments are difficult to detect, and the lithologies are of petrologic type 5 and type 4. The rock is moderately shocked (S4) and contains local impact melt areas and thin shock veins. The low‐Ca pyroxene and olivine are equilibrated (Fs20.6and Fa24.0, respectively), typical of L chondrites. The L chondrite classification is also supported by O isotope data and the results of bulk chemical analysis. The Ti isotope characteristics confirm that Antonin is related to the noncarbonaceous (NC) meteorites. One of the studied thin sections shows an unusual metal–chondrule assemblage, perhaps indicating that the metal in the chondrite is heterogeneously distributed, which is, however, not clearly visible in the element abundances.
Negotiations in Heterogeneous Societies: Ratifying a Peace Agreement in Israel
Authors: Zalzberg Ofer , Ravitzky Roie
Published: August 2022

This article analyzes Israel's ratification of the Israeli–Jordanian peace treaty to illustrate how a highly heterogeneous body politic achieved partial success in meeting the challenge of formulating a uniform foreign policy that coheres with colliding worldviews, including those anchored in religious and/or non‐liberal reasoning. Building on this case study, the authors propose four principal recommendations for designing and implementing a policy that wins broad, stable, and durable support within a deeply heterogeneous society. First, allow for multiple concurrent justifications and reasons to support such policy; second, actively strive for holders of competing worldviews to formulate justifications that fit their own perspectives; third, design policy steps in ways that can be congruent with the disparate, pertinent worldviews; and fourth, enable meaningful ways to express reservations, demur, and discomfort regarding the policy.
Current understanding of atrial fibrillation recurrence after atrial fibrillation ablation: From pulmonary vein to epicardium
Authors: Lu Yu , Zei Paul C. , Jiang Chenyang
Published: August 2022

Recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after catheter ablation is common, with pulmonary vein (PV) reconnection considered the most likely cause. However, technologies such as contact force‐sensing, irrigated catheters, and ablation index (AI)‐guided ablation strategies have resulted in more durable PV isolation. As a result, it is difficult to predict which patients will develop AF recurrence despite durable PV isolation, with evolving non‐PV atrial substrates thought to be a key contributor to late recurrences. Deciphering the complex mechanisms of AF recurrence beyond the cornerstone of PV isolation therefore remains challenging. Recently, there have been several important advances that may lead to better understanding and treatment of this challenging clinical entity: percutaneous epicardial access and mapping, late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (LGE‐MRI), improvements in high‐resolution electroanatomic mapping, and new ablation energy sources, specifically pulsed‐field ablation. This review aims to synthesize the current literature in an effort to better understand arrhythmia mechanisms and treatment targets in patients with AF/Atrial tachycardia (AT) recurrence post‐ablation.
Capturing Protein–Nucleic Acid Interactions by High‐Intensity Laser‐Induced Covalent Cross‐Linking†
Authors: Angelov Dimitar , Boopathi Ramachandran , Lone Imtiaz Nisar , Menoni Hervé , Dimitrov Stefan , Cadet Jean
Published: August 2022

Interactions of DNA with structural proteins such as histones, regulatory proteins and enzymes play a crucial role in major cellular processes such as transcription, replication and repair. The in vivo mapping and characterization of the binding sites of the involved biomolecules are of primary importance for a better understanding of genomic deployment that is implicated in tissue and developmental stage‐specific gene expression regulation. The most powerful and commonly used approach to date is immunoprecipitation of chemically cross‐linked chromatin (XChIP) coupled with sequencing analysis (ChIP‐seq). While the resolution and the sensitivity of the high‐throughput sequencing techniques have been constantly improved, little progress has been achieved in the cross‐linking step. Because of its low efficiency, the use of the conventional UVC lamps remains very limited while the formaldehyde method was established as the “gold standard” cross‐linking agent. Efficient biphotonic cross‐linking of directly interacting nucleic acid–protein complexes by a single short UV laser pulse has been introduced as an innovative technique for overcoming limitations of conventionally used chemical and photochemical approaches. In this survey, the main available methods including the laser approach are critically reviewed for their ability to generate DNA–protein cross‐links in vitro model systems and cells.
Co‐opetition strategies in supply chains with strategic customers
Authors: Yang Weizhe , Wu Yaozhong , Gou Qinglong , Zhang Wen
Published: August 2022

We study the co‐opetition strategy between a manufacturer of a proprietary component (MPC) and an original equipment manufacturer (OEM). The MPC can choose to supply components to the OEM and can also compete in the end market with its own final product. Customers can purchase from either firm and are strategic in that they choose whether to buy now or later. In a two‐period game theoretical model, we analyze the MPC's optimal co‐opetition strategy, which mainly concerns whether to sell to the OEM or to enter the end market. The optimal strategy can be characterized by the customer's patience to wait and the competitor's product quality. We then extend our model to investigate three key factors: new customers arriving late, cost differentiation between the two firms, and the existence of a third‐party supplier. While in the first two extensions the optimal strategies remain qualitatively the same as in the main model, the existence of a third‐party supplier impacts the MPC's choice of co‐opetition strategy crucially. We discuss how the MPC should balance cooperation and competition, and characterize the conditions when the MPC should change strategy.
Optimal specialty crop planning policies with yield learning and forward contract
Authors: Chen Heng , Ryan Jennifer K.
Published: August 2022

Hops are the flowers of a specialty crop that provide unique flavors to craft beer. We study a multi‐year crop planning problem for a farmer who seeks to add hops production to the current production of a conventional crop. The farmer must dynamically determine the number of acres to allocate to each crop and design the terms of the forward contract under which brewers purchase the hops, considering the uncertainty of weather conditions, hops yield, hops spot market price, and conventional crop price. We formulate a multi‐period stochastic dynamic programming framework that incorporates statistical learning methods that depend on exogenous factors. We also develop an easy‐to‐implement learning‐based marginal total profit heuristic which can potentially be used as a decision support tool. Our numerical analyses suggest that yield learning is particularly important for a farmer who is considering investing in a high margin, but potentially risky, new crop such as hops. We also characterize the conditions under which yield learning is most beneficial for farmers. This paper contributes to the literature on specialty crop planning by introducing a multi‐year planning framework that incorporates unique characteristics of specialty crop production. We fill a gap in the crop planning literature by considering how farmers can learn about crop yields based on realized yields and exogenous factors such as weather conditions. Our paper is also of practical importance for farmers who seek to diversify their crop portfolio to hedge against risks associated with trade tensions and potential price drops for conventional crops.
Soybean cultivars adapted to southern Brazil differ in their reaction to Globisporangium irregulare, G. ultimum var. sporangiiferum and Pythium conidiophorum
Authors: Molin Cleisla , Ribeiro Neucimara Rodrigues , Matsumoto Marcos Norio , Brollo Joel , Bordignon Kelen , dos Santos de Britto Julia , Balbinotti Maicon , Barbieri Maurício , Deuner Carolina Cardoso , Huzar‐Novakowiski Jaqueline
Published: August 2022

In Brazil there is little information on the reaction of soybean cultivars to Globisporangium and Pythium species that can cause damping‐off. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the reactions to Globisporangium irregulare isolate UPFOM03, G. ultimum var. sporangiiferum isolate UPFPAN06 and Pythium conidiophorum isolate UPFSA03 of 50 cultivars adapted to southern Brazil. The experiment was carried out twice in a randomized complete block design with three replications. A root rot assay was performed in a growth chamber and emergence (%), emergence speed index (ESI), total dry mass per seedling (TDM; g) and root rot severity index (RRSI) were determined. There was a significant (p < 0.05) difference among the cultivars on all the variables. The least susceptible cultivars to G. irregulare were BRS 5804, BMX Compacta, FPS 1867, BMX Fibra, BMX Apolo, M6410, M6210, BMX Elite and BRS 5601. However, the least susceptible cultivars to G. ultimum var. sporangiiferum were M6410, M6210, BMX Tornado, NS 6601, NS 5258, NS 6909, BMX Fibra, FPS 1954, M5917, BMX Delta, FPS 1867, BMX Cromo, NEO 610, BMX Elite, DM 61i59, BMX Apolo, BMX Compacta and M5947. Thirty‐six soybean cultivars were less susceptible to P. conidiophorum, which was also less aggressive than G. irregulare and G. ultimum var. sporangiiferum. In conclusion, there are some soybean cultivars that are less susceptible to the three oomycete isolates and should be preferred in fields with a history of damping‐off.
Effect of Moringa oleifera seed extract on antimicrobial activity and in vitro fertilization ability of cryopreserved ram semen
Authors: Guedea‐Betancourt José Julián , Quezada‐Casasola Andrés , Núñez‐Gastélum José Alberto , Orozco‐Lucero Ernesto , Escárcega‐Ávila Angélica María , Soler Valls Ana Josefa , Carrera‐Chávez José Maria
Published: August 2022

Cryopreservation has adverse effects on the post‐thaw sperm quality due to oxidative stress and the presence of bacteria. To minimize such effects, plant extracts have been included in the composition of the semen diluents. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of Moringa oleifera seed extract (MOSE) on cryopreserved ram semen, as well as its impact on in vitro fertilization. Semen from six hair rams was treated with five treatments before cryopreservation: Control (without any antibiotic), Standard (conventional antibiotic), 1.0, 10.0, and 50.0 mg/ml of MOSE. Post‐thawing sperm characteristics were evaluated by the computer‐assisted semen analysis. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by counting colony‐forming units (CFU) and the antioxidant capacity by the ferric reducing antioxidant power method. A heterologous in vitro fertilization technique was implemented to measure the fertilization rate. Progressive and rapid motility, membrane and acrosome integrity, and active mitochondria were higher (p < .05) in the 10.0 mg/ml treatment compared with Standard after thawing. All M. oleifera treatments showed inhibition of CFU. The antioxidant capacity of M. oleifera seed extract was higher in the 10.0 and 50.0 mg/ml treatments. Fertilization rate (cleavage percentage) was higher (p < .05) in the 10.0 mg/ml (82.9 ± 10.0) and Control (82.5 ± 9.9) treatments compared with Standard (73.7 ± 9.1). The addition of 10.0 mg/ml of MOSE to ram semen inhibits the development of microorganisms and improves sperm characteristics and the in vitro fertility of the semen.
Collective racial resentment and emotion: Toward an understanding of Whites' reactions to demands for racial equity
Authors: Genter Shaun
Published: August 2022

There is a long‐standing debate regarding how whites respond to Black political activists who push for racial equity. Symbolic racism researchers have argued that white reactions result from a blend of racial animus and traditional moral values, while conflict theorists have argued they are more a matter of group interests. Others who take a politics centered approach argue that principled objections rooted in political ideology—not racial considerations—are the driving force. In this article, I outline the history of this debate, with a particular emphasis on the symbolic racism and group conflict perspectives and their theoretical foundations. Efforts to synthesize these perspectives have made a case that both feelings are aspects of whites' sense of group position and might be described as “collective racial resentment.” Drawing on this concept, I argue that whites are likely to be angered by Black political activists because they are perceived to be a threat to the group's position. I then propose the more general concept of “collective racial emotion” to capture contexts where whites may feel paternalistic warmth if they believe their group's position is being protected.
University students' perspectives on emergency online GIS learning amid the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Yan Yingwei , Cai Fangyi , Feng Chen‐Chieh , Chen Yuanyi
Published: August 2022

This study investigated GIS students' perspectives on emergency online learning (EOL) during the Covid‐19 pandemic through a case study at National University of Singapore. Questionnaire surveys administered to three GIS courses were conducted, the result of which suggests that the GIS teaching could be completed effectively online during the crisis. In addition, the positive and negative influences of this learning mode have been discussed in connection to relevant student perspectives on social media and relevant findings in the literature. Relatively, senior and independent learners adapted better to the EOL, while beginners and less self‐disciplined learners may need more face‐to‐face guidance, interactions, and direct supervision. It is worth pointing out that despite some students seeing the demand for a higher level of self‐discipline as being negative, others saw this property contributed to them being better independent learners with self‐motivation, suggesting the need for a nuanced interpretation of the results that consider perspectives. Based on the pros and cons of the EOL investigated, this article further stresses the need to cultivate a post‐pandemic blended GIS learning pedagogy for enhancing higher GIS education's quality and resilience in times of crisis.
Gaza and the Great March of Return: Enduring violence and spaces of wounding
Authors: Jones Craig
Published: August 2022

This paper develops an agenda for political geographical work on violence, war, and trauma. Drawing from an analysis of the Great March of Return, a series of mass demonstrations in the Gaza Strip in 2018 and 2019, it argues that political geography and related fields could be enriched by the concepts of enduring violence and wounding. Enduring violence is offered as a supplement to existing geographical work on slow violence and cognate concepts such as ‘everyday’, banal′, and ‘chronic’ violence, offering fresh ways of understanding the long‐lasting effects of violence and their specific material origins. Wounding is offered as a supplement to political geographical work on necropolitics and the ‘right to kill’, emphasising how a concomitant ‘right to maim’ troubles contemporary theorisations of biopower and necropolitics, and extending geographical work on trauma to include physical bodily trauma. Taken together, the argument is not only that acute (or epidemic) forms of violence can have chronic (or endemic) consequences but also that some forms of harm, like wounding, are characterised by material configurations that are calibrated or otherwise capacitated with the power to impart future harms even in the absence of future ‘blows’. Taking inspiration from geopolitical forensics, enduring violence places new emphasis on the ongoing and lasting harms that inhere in specific geo‐materialities of wounding. The paper concludes with a reflection on the relation between enduring violence and wounding and their implications for geographical work on violence, war, and trauma.
Use of wound edge inversion (epibole) to generate recalcitrant and inflamed diabetic wounds
Authors: Lee Phoebe L. , Loder Shawn J. , Guerrero David T. , Nerone W. Vincent , Bengur Fuat Baris , Rubin J. Peter , Kokai Lauren E.
Published: August 2022

Robust and predictive pre‐clinical models of recalcitrant diabetic wounds are critical for advancing research efforts toward improving healing. Murine models have logistic and genetic benefits versus larger animals; however, native murine healing inadequately represents clinically recalcitrant wounds in humans. Furthermore, current humanization techniques employing devices, deleterious mutations or chemical agents each carry model‐specific limitations. To better replicate human wounds in a mouse, we developed a novel wound‐edge inversion (WEI) technique that mimics the architecture of epibole and mitigates contracture, epithelialization, and consequently wound closure. In this study, we evaluated the reliability and durability of the WEI model in wild‐type and obese diabetic mice and compared to healing after (i) punch biopsy, (ii) mechanical/silicone stenting or (iii) exogenous oxidative stressors. In wild‐type mice, WEI demonstrated favourable closure characteristics compared to both control and stented wounds, however, wounds progressed to closure by 4 weeks. In contrast, diabetic WEI wounds persisted for 6–10 weeks with reduced contracture and epithelialization. In both diabetic and wild‐type mice, WEI sites demonstrated persistence of inflammatory populations, absence of epithelialization, and histologic presence of alpha‐SMA positive granulation tissue when compared to controls. We conclude that the WEI technique is particularly valuable for modelling recalcitrant diabetic wounds with sustained inflammation and dysfunctional healing.