bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synchrotron radiation from a cluster plasma in a circularly polarised laser field
Authors: Andreev A.A. , Platonov K.Yu.
Published: February 2022

An analytical model is developed for the generation of synchrotron radiation from a laser cluster plasma in the focal waist of an ultra-intense short circularly polarised laser pulse. The rotation of relativistic electrons around the ionised core of the cluster with a radius of rotation smaller than the laser wavelength leads to intense synchrotron radiation in the direction transverse to the laser wave vector. The parameters of the cluster plasma and laser pulse are determined at which, due to the small radius of curvature of the electron trajectory of the cluster shell, the intensity of synchrotron radiation exceeds the intensity of betatron radiation of the electron flux in the longitudinal (along the wave vector) direction.
What predicts community members’ intentions to take action to protect koalas?
Authors: Fielding Kelly , Lunney Dan , Rhodes Jonathan , Goldingay Ross , Hetherington Scott , Brace Angie , Vass Lorraine , Hopkins Marama , Swankie Linda , Garofano Nicole , Goulding William , McAlpine Clive
Published: February 2022

Context Without urgent action, koalas could be extinct in New South Wales (NSW), Australia by 2050. Despite the key role that community members could play in koala protection, we know little about what might motivate them to engage in these actions. Aims This study surveyed residents (n = 585) of local government areas of far north east NSW to identify demographic and social-psychological factors associated with likelihood of engaging in actions that could help to protect koalas. Methods A survey using a multi-pronged recruitment process was administered to relevant participants. Key results Binary logistic regression analyses revealed that the likelihood of joining a community conservation group was greater in the Byron shire and for those with a stronger environmental identity, more positive attitudes toward koalas and who perceived that others who are important to them take action to protect koalas. Byron residents, those with a stronger environmental identity and those with more knowledge about koalas were also more likely to advocate government for koala protection. Positive attitudes towards koalas and perceptions that others who are important to them take action to protect koalas significantly predicted likelihood of restoring native vegetation on respondents’ properties. Gender emerged as the only significant predictor of likelihood of joining council conservation initiatives. Conclusions These findings provide insights that could help guide the efforts of government and non-government agencies in engaging community members with koala protection. Implications This study identified which factors to target when focusing on koala protection behaviours, and can be used to help guide efforts to build community support for koala protection actions.
Interrelationships between amphiregulin, kisspeptin, FSH and FSH receptor in promotion of human ovarian cell functions
Authors: Fabová Zuzana , Loncová Barbora , Mlynček Miloš , Sirotkin Alexander V.
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate: (1) the ability of granulosa cells to produce amphiregulin (AREG), kisspeptin (KISS) and FSH receptor (FSHR); (2) the role of AREG and KISS in the control of ovarian functions; (3) the effect of FSH and KISS on AREG; and (4) the ability of KISS to affect FSHR and to modify FSH action on AREG output by human ovarian granulosa cells. We examined: (1) time-dependent accumulation of AREG; (2) effects of AREG (0, 1, 10, 100 ng/mL) and KISS (0, 1, 10, 100 ng/mL) on granulosa cell functions; and (3) the effects of KISS (0, 1, 10, 100 ng/mL), FSH (0, 1, 10, 100 ng/mL), and their combinations on AREG release. Viability, markers of proliferation [accumulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) cyclin B1 and sodium 3′-[1-(phenylaminocarbonyl)-3,4-tetrazolium]-bis(4-methoxy6-nitro)benzene sulfonic acid hydrate (XTT formazan)] and apoptosis (accumulation of bax, caspase 3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling), accumulation of KISS, FSHR and steroid hormones, and AREG release were analysed by Trypan blue exclusion test, quantitative immunocytochemistry, XTT, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AREG promoted cell viability, proliferation and steroid hormone output, and inhibited apoptosis. KISS (1 and 10 ng/mL) stimulated viability, proliferation, steroid hormone release and occurrence of FSHR and suppressed apoptosis and AREG output; KISS (100 ng/mL) had the opposite effect. FSH stimulated AREG release, whilst addition of KISS reversed this FSH effect. FSH mimicked and promoted the inhibitory effect of KISS on AREG release. These results suggest an intra-ovarian production and a functional interrelationship between AREG, KISS, FSH and FSHR in direct regulation of basic ovarian cell functions.
Arabidopsis
TBP-ASSOCIATED FACTOR 12 ortholog NOBIRO6 controls root elongation with unfolded protein response cofactor activity
Authors: Kim June-Sik , Sakamoto Yuki , Takahashi Fuminori , Shibata Michitaro , Urano Kaoru , Matsunaga Sachihiro , Yamaguchi-Shinozaki Kazuko , Shinozaki Kazuo
Published: February 2022

Significance

Living organisms continuously rebalance their growth and defense/tolerance machineries upon environmental perturbation and energy limitation, which appear as trade-offs. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a supposed underlying machinery for those trade-offs, responding to a broad spectrum of stress categories and modulating the fundamental growth in both animal and plant systems. We here report the incorporation of general transcription factor NOBIRO6/TAF12b into the UPR-mediated plant root growth control. This indicates that the gene regulation by UPR itself is a key to elucidate the growth trade-offs. Given previously reported roles of NOBIRO6/TAF12b in the signaling of two phytohormones, cytokinin and ethylene, our report proposes how multichannel signals interactively shape plants to survive and thrive in the wild.
¿Qué che femos con el che?
Authors: Vares González Elena , Lorenzo Guillermo
Published: February 2022

This chapter is devoted to the pervasive use in Asturian Galician of a clitic token formally identical to the second person singular dative, albeit with different conditions of use and subject to very different placement restrictions. We claim that such item incorporates a ‘clusivity’ feature as an extension of the second person, compatible with its modal meaning, and that it benefits from the underspecification of the vocabulary item that also materializes the dative. We also claim that it belongs to a class different to ‘determiner-type’ clitics and ‘agreement-type’ clitics, which we deem ‘other-type.’ Despite its specificities, the chapter shows that it is not, however, a peripheric unit, inasmuch as its behavior is fully consistent with UG dictums.
Intonational form and speaker belief in Mieres Asturian polar questions
Authors: García-Fernández Eduardo
Published: February 2022

Speakers can use distinct intonation contours in polar questions to convey information about ‘degree of commitment.’ The present study analyzes the intonational variation in Mieres Asturian polar questions and explores whether speakers encode information about their belief states intonationally. A production experiment was designed to elicit polar questions, and the results uncovered three main intonational patterns, namely H+L* L%, H* L%, and L* L%. The data show that, while H+L* L% is used as a canonical or ‘default’ PQ-marking tune and does not encode any information about speaker belief states, H* L% and L* L% are epistemically specified, expressing a positive epistemic bias towards the proposition, and a state of disbelief on the part of the speaker, respectively.
How alternatives are created
Authors: Rosemeyer Malte , Jacob Daniel , Konieczny Lars
Published: February 2022

Standard theories of focus expressed by cleft structures,
for instance (Beaver & Clark
2008; Krifka
2007), assume that the motivation for the use of focus is
discourse relevance: focus establishes an
answer to the question under discussion (Roberts 2004: 216). This
account, however, lacks a theory of how alternative sets are
generated in real discourse. We present a study in the
non-cumulative self-paced reading moving-window paradigm that
tackles this problem by measuring how manipulating the context
preceding German es-clefts influences alternative
generation. Our results illustrate the interplay between discourse
relevance and individual relevance in this process, in that cleft
sentences only receive a contrastive focal reading in contexts where
the readers are in a position to previously generate an alternative
set.
“I Wanted Something that was More Flexible”: A Qualitative Study of Patient Preferences on Choosing Buprenorphine Over Methadone in a Large, Safety-Net Hospital Opioid Treatment Program
Authors: Checkley Laura , Steiger Scott , Knight Kelly R.
Published: February 2022

Background: Buprenorphine availability for the treatment of opioid use disorders (OUD) has expanded in the United States. Programs that previously offered only methadone treatment to patients with OUD now offer an equal choice between buprenorphine and methadone at the same location, yet little is known about patient preferences for buprenorphine over methadone in these settings. We sought to understand the decision-making factors and motivations underlying why patients opt for buprenorphine over methadone for the treatment of OUD when both are offered in a safety-net hospital-based opioid treatment program (OTP). Methods: We conducted semi-structured, qualitative interviews with patients receiving buprenorphine, in which we asked about substance use and treatment history, reasons for choosing buprenorphine, advantages, and disadvantages of choosing buprenorphine, and what they would like to change in their treatment experience. Results: Participants had varied exposure to buprenorphine prior to their current treatment, ranging from none to years of experience in multiple settings. Increased flexibility with take-home doses was a widespread motivation for choosing buprenorphine over methadone. Participants described decreased sedation and greater effectiveness in preventing opioid use compared to methadone as advantages during their treatment with buprenorphine. Difficulty with the transition to buprenorphine was a noteworthy challenge for many. Conclusions: Overall, patients maintained on buprenorphine at an urban safety-net hospital OTP viewed their treatment favorably compared to methadone. Increased autonomy in light of federal regulation differences and an improved physical profile were significant decision-making factors, although the number of patients choosing buprenorphine at the OTP remained low. Targeted patient education about induction and focus on improving structural barriers such as dosing efficiency may enhance patient experiences.
MIRRORS Program: Helping Pregnant and Postpartum Women and Families with Substance use Problems
Authors: Bray James H. , Zaring-Hinkle Brittany , Scamp Nadine , Tucker Kelsee , Cain Meghan K.
Published: February 2022

Background: Pregnant and postpartum women with substance use disorders are a highly vulnerable population, especially when this is compounded by homelessness or unstable housing, justice involvement, and/or co-occurring mental health challenges. The MIRRORS (Maternal Initiative for Reflective Recovery-Oriented Residential Services) program provided expanded and enhanced residential substance use disorder treatment, prevention and recovery support for women and children through integrated, trauma-informed care and services strengthened by a comprehensive and coordinated family systems approach. This paper describes the program and provides evaluation of the outcomes. Methods: Pregnant and postpartum women ( n = 215) were assessed at 3 time points: intake, discharge and 6-months post-intake using standardized measures of family functioning, parenting, recovery capital, and other outcomes. Multilevel modeling was employed to examine individual differences in trends over time. Results: Over 80% of participants reported that the MIRRORS program enhanced their recovery treatment experience. Women reported significant improvements in general family functioning, problem solving, behavioral control, affective responsiveness, and communication. Participants also reported increased recovery capital and improved parental monitoring over time. Conclusions: Outcomes indicate that the MIRRORS program was effective in improving family functioning and reducing substance use, thus enhancing women's functioning and recovery.
Uncertainties in occupational eye lens doses from dosimeters over the apron in interventional practices
Authors: Sánchez Roberto , Vañó Eliseo , Fernández José Miguel
Published: February 2022

Abstract

It is relevant to estimate the uncertainties in the measurement of eye lens doses from a personal dosimeter over the protective apron without using additional dosimetry near the eyes. Additional dosimetry for interventionists represents a difficulty for routine clinical practice. This study analyses the estimated eye doses from dosimeter values taken at chest level over the apron and their uncertainties. Measurements of H
p(0.07) using optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters located on the chest over the apron and on the glasses (in the inner and outer part of the protection) were taken from ten interventionalists in a university hospital, in the period 2018–2019 during standard clinical practice. For a total sample of 133 interventional procedures included in our study, the ratio between the H
p(0.07) on the glasses (left-outer side) and on the chest over the apron had an average of 0.74, with quartiles of 0.47, 0.64, 0.88. Statistically significant differences were found among operators using the U-Mann–Whitney test. The average transmission factor for the glasses was 0.30, with quartiles of 0.21, 0.25, and 0.32. Different complexity in the procedures, in the quality of the scatter radiation and in the individual operational practices, involve a relevant dispersion in the results for lens dose estimations from the over apron dosimeter. Lens doses may be between a 64% and an 88% of the over apron dosimeter values (using median or 3rd quartile). The use of 88% may be a conservative approach.
Odorant binding proteins from Hermetia illucens: potential sensing elements for detecting volatile aldehydes involved in early stages of organic decomposition
Authors: Nardiello Marisa , Scieuzo Carmen , Salvia Rosanna , Farina Donatella , Franco Antonio , Cammack Jonathan A , Tomberlin Jeffrey K , Falabella Patrizia , Persaud Krishna C
Published: February 2022

Organic decomposition processes, involving the breakdown of complex molecules such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats, release small chemicals known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), smelly even at very low concentrations, but not all readily detectable by vertebrates. Many of these compounds are instead detected by insects, mostly by saprophytic species, for which long-range orientation towards organic decomposition matter is crucial. In the present work the detection of aldehydes, as an important measure of lipid oxidation, has been possible exploiting the molecular machinery underlying odour recognition in Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). This voracious scavenger insect is of interest due to its outstanding capacity in bioconversion of organic waste, colonizing very diverse environments due to the ability of sensing a wide range of chemical compounds that influence the choice of substrates for ovideposition. A variety of soluble odorant binding proteins (OBPs) that may function as carriers of hydrophobic molecules from the air-water interface in the antenna of the insect to the receptors were identified, characterised and expressed. An OBP-based nanobiosensor prototype was realized using selected OBPs as sensing layers for the development of an array of quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs) for vapour phase detection of selected compounds at room temperature. QCMs coated with four recombinant H. illucens OBPs (HillOBPs) were exposed to a wide range of VOCs indicative of organic decomposition, showing a high sensitivity for the detection of three chemical compounds belonging to the class of aldehydes and one short-chain fatty acid. The possibility of using biomolecules capable of binding small ligands as reversible gas sensors has been confirmed, greatly expanding the state-of the-art in gas sensing technology.
Topological thermal Hall effect and magnonic edge states in kagome ferromagnets with bond anisotropy
Authors: Zhuo Fengjun , Li Hang , Manchon Aurélien
Published: February 2022

The magnon band topology due to the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) and its relevant topological thermal Hall effect has been extensively studied in kagome lattice magnets. In this theoretical investigation, we report a new mechanism for phase transitions between topological phases of magnons in kagome ferromagnets by tuning the anisotropic nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic interaction and DMI. Using the linear spin-wave theory, we calculate the Chern number and thermal Hall conductivity of magnons in low temperature regime. We show the magnon band structures and magnonic edge states in each topological phase. From the topological phase diagram, we find a sign reversal of the thermal Hall conductivity upon tuning the modulation factors. We explicitly demonstrate the correspondence of thermal Hall conductivity with the propagation direction of the magnonic edge states. Finally, we discuss candidate materials as experimental realizations of our theoretical model.
Effect of light intensity on the growth and production of rodent tuber (Thyponium flageliforme (Lodd.) Bl.)
Authors: Suryadi R , Permadi R A , Pribadi E R , Trisilawati O , Darwati I
Published: February 2022

Rodent tuber is a wild plant that has the potential as an anticancer drug. For this purpose, the availability of materials is necessary, it needs good cultivation to maintain its herbal quality, and light intensity is one of its components. Therefore, research is needed to obtain light intensity that can increase the growth and production of rodent tuber plants. Shading research on rodent plants was carried out in a screen house, ISMCRI, from January to December 2020. The study was arranged in randomized block design, five treatments, and 40 samples per treatment with five replications. The treatment that were given is several levels of light intensity : 100%, 65%, 50%, 35 %, and 25%. The number of leaves, chlorophyll content, fresh and dry biomass, fresh and dry weight tubers, nutrient content and nutrient uptake, protein content, and protein production are the parameters. The result showed light intensity significantly affected the number of leaves, fresh and dry weight tubers at eight months after planting. Plants that received 100% light intensity produced the highest growth and production of rodent tubers, while the lowest was 25% light intensity.
Metagenomic screening strategies for bioprospecting enzymes from environmental samples
Authors: Wani A K , Rahayu F , Kadarwati F T , Suhara C , Singh R , Dhanjal D S , Akhtar N , Mir T G , Chopra C
Published: February 2022

Globally, there is a growing demand for biocatalysts because of the associated efficacy and efficiency. The applications of enzymes in food, paper, pulp, textile, and chemical industries have prompted enzyme exploration. Microbes, being the natural reservoirs of enzymes, have gained researchers’ attention, and the quest for microbial enzymes has increased in past years. This review provides insights about metagenomics techniques and their applicability in obtaining microbial-origin enzymes from diverse environmental samples besides highlighting their importance. The metagenomic approach has emerged as a promising way towards replacing conventional microbial techniques with culture-independent methods involving direct isolation of DNA environmental samples. There are two primary methodologies, i.e., functional-based and sequence-based, to identify and characterize industrially valuable biocatalysts from the environmental microcosms. Many of the obtained enzymes are successfully used in diverse food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. However, there are some complications associated with it that can be minimized only by further investigations. The paper focuses on the advancement of metagenomics for bioprospecting to stress on its significance in microbial characterization and exploration. This will also ensure the in-depth analysis of several unexplored and unknown microbial communities and/or members from complex niches.
Molecular characterization of Spodoptera litura Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SlNPV) Labuhan Batu isolate
Authors: Sinambela D P , Bakti D , Tobing M C , Kusumah Y M
Published: February 2022

Spodoptera litura F. is a new pest that potentially becomes a serious pest threatening palm oil industry. The control can be carried out using biological control agents S.litura Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SlNPV). Molecular approach using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used to characterize the SlNPV isolate. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular characteristics of SlNPV Labuhan Batu isolate based on DNA sequence analysis. The NPV isolate was collected from oil palm plantation Negeri Lama Estate Group, PT. Hari sawit Jaya, Asian Agri, Labuhan Batu. The SlNPV DNA extraction was conducted using the DNA gSYNC kit. The amplification of SlNPV DNA was done by specific primers with oligonucleotide sequences forward 5′-ACGTTACGATCTAGATCC-3′ and reverse 5′-AACGTTAGACAGACATAT-3′ with ±700bp of amplicon. Homology and phylogeny characteristics were used to determine the relationship of SlNPV isolate from Labuhan Batu to NPV from other countries were reported in the GeneBank of National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The results showed that SlNPV isolate from Labuhan Batu had the closest related to SlNPV from Australia, SliNPV from Canada and SlNPV from China, with the similarity percentage 100%, 96% and 90% respectively. They belong to the same group as the NPVs that infected the Spodoptera genus.
Compatibility of citronella oil, clove oil, and cypermethrin 500 EC to control fruit sucker (Dasynus piperis) on pepper plant
Authors: Rohimatun  , Rismayani  , Yolanda K , Rizal M , Wiratno  , Laba I W
Published: February 2022

Some botanical insecticides can be mixed with synthetic insecticides to reduce dependence on one type of insecticide and increase its effectiveness. This study evaluated combined formulations of botanical pesticides (citronella oil/CTO from Cymbopogon nardus and clove oil/CLO from Syzygium aromaticum) and synthetic insecticide (Cypermethrin 500 EC/Cyp) to improve their effectiveness against Dasynus piperis on pepper plants. This study was conducted in farmer’s fields, Central and West Bangka regencies in Bangka Island, from March 2013 to November 2015. This study consists of two steps; semi-field and field studies. All of the treatments used Randomized Block Design consisted of eight treatments and four replications. The treatments were CTO 5.0 ml l−1; CLO 5.0 ml l−1; CTO 2.5 ml l−1 + CLO 2.5 ml l−1; CTO 2.5 ml l−1 + Cyp 1 ml l−1; CLO 2.5 ml l−1 + Cyp 1 ml l−1; CTO 1.25 ml l−1 + CLO 1.25 ml l−1 + Cyp 1 ml l−1; Cyp 2.0 ml l−1; and control. The results showed that CTO, CLO, and Cyp formula was compatible, with CTO 2.5 ml l−1 + CLO 2.5 ml l−1 and CLO 2.5 ml l−1 + Cyp 1.0 ml l−1 were effective to control D. piperis.
Flowering induction of clove to reduce its yield fluctuation by using a plant growth regulator
Authors: Rusmin D , Darwati I , Nurhayati H , Setiawan  , Pribadi E R
Published: February 2022

The main problem in clove cultivation is yield fluctuation which occurred every 2-4 years. It is usually caused by internal factors such as photosynthates, nutrition, and plant growth regulators that control the flowering process. The study was conducted from January to December 2015 on +30 years old-cloves at a farmer’s plantation in Sumedang, West Java. The trial was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatment consisted of 13 treatments of paclobutrazol application: (1) control, (2) 2500 ppm paclobutrazol, given eight weeks after harvest (WAH); (3) 2500 ppm paclobutrazol, 10 WAH, (4) Paclobutrazol 2500 ppm, 12 WAH. (5) 2500 ppm paclobutrazol, 14 WAH, (6) Paclobutrazol 2500 ppm, 16 WAH, (7) Paclobutrazol 2500 ppm, 18 WAH, (8) 5000 ppm paclobutrazol, 8 WAH, (9) Paclobutrazol 5000 ppm, 10 WAH, (10) 5000 ppm paclobutrazol, 12 WAH, (11) Paclobutrazol 5000 ppm, 14 WAH, (12) 5000 ppm paclobutrazol, 16 WAH, and (13) 5000 ppm paclobutrazol, 18 WAH. Results indicated that paclobutrazol 5000 ppm applied at 16 WAH gave a higher new shoot number and yield than control within three consecutive years (2014, 2015, and 2016). The range of chlorophyll content was 0.08-0.15%.
Improvements of soil quality and cocoa productivity with agricultural waste biochar
Authors: Ferry Y , Herman M , Tarigan E B , Pranowo D
Published: February 2022

National cocoa production has been decreasing, which was in 2017 down to 600,000 tons/year, only a third quarter of national need. The decline is due to a decrease in national cocoa production caused by lower productivity in smallholder cocoa. In 2003, the productivity was 1,100 kg/ha/year and in 2017 was only 820 kg/ha/year. The low productivity is caused by pod rot disease, pod borer, and vascular streak dieback (VSD). Not only that, soil degradation was also found to be a contributing factor. Compost or manure have been used as ameliorants, but they should be in high volume and have a short-term effect (3-4 months), easily decomposed, and produce CO2that damages the ozone layers. A more suitable solution is using biochar which is more resistant to decomposition (hundreds of years), can hold CO2, water, and nutrients from being washed away by erosion. In addition, biochar does not require Cocoa farming generate organic waste that can be processed into biochar, such as cocoa pods, cocoa or shade trees from pruning. The biomass produced can reach up to 8-18 tons/year and is adequate to improve the soil fertility in cocoa plantations.
Morphological variations of 20 lemongrass accessions
Authors: Susilowati M , Syukur C
Published: February 2022

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf) is an aromatic plant, has important benefits in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Lemongrass is often used as a spice in traditional Indonesian dishes. Its essential oil has a strong aroma and compounds that function as fungicides, anthelmintics, insecticides, and antimicrobials. This study aimed to identify genetic variations among 20 accessions of lemongrass based on morphological character. The result showed that there was morphological variation among accessions of lemongrass. Analysis of genetic variation from morphological characters with dendrogram showed that accessions were divided into three groups at the similarity of about 70%. CICI 0001, CICI 0002, CICI 0005, CICI 0006, CICI 0008, CICI 0009, CICI 0015, CICI 0016, CICI 0017, CICI 0018, CICI 0019 and CICI 0020 were in group I; CICI 0003, CICI 0004, CICI 0007, CICI 0011, CICI 0012, CICI 0013 were in group II, and CICI 0014; and there was only CICI 0010 at group III. The CICI 0003 accession had good performance based on morphological characteristics, namely plant height, canopy width, stem diameter, stem height, leaf blade length, leaf length and total stem weight per clump. CICI 0003 and CICI 0015 have good morphological characters with the farthest genetic distance.
Identification of true male parents in F1 populations of cacao using SSR markers
Authors: Izzah N K , Sulistiyorini I , Wicaksono I N A
Published: February 2022

Cacao is widely cultivated in Indonesia because of its economic benefits. The development of new varieties with desirable traits is required to meet industrial demands. In the present study, two hundred and four F1 cacao progenies have been generated from crossing between ten parental combinations to improve high-yielding varieties. However, progeny paternity of each clone remained undetermined. The study aimed to identify the male parents of F1 cacao populations using SSR markers. A total of 38 SSR markers were applied to screen polymorphism among ten parental combinations. Eleven polymorphic markers were used to amplify 204 cacao F1 hybrids. The genotype data were analyzed using the Cervus program to identify the true genotype of male parents. The result showed that 87 F1 progenies were identified as the true genotype of male parents at a 95% confidence level. Therefore, out of 204 F1 progenies, 87 F1 progenies have been identified their true male parents’ identity. This study demonstrated the utility of SSR markers to detect the true identity of male parents, which helps breeders select F1 progenies known to their parents’ identities.
Viability of sugarcane and Erianthus arundinaceus pollen under marcotting treatment
Authors: Ridhawati A , Mahayu W M , Garusti G , Asbani N
Published: February 2022

Most of the sugarcane cultivated today is the hybrid between Saccharum offinarum and its relative, S. spontaneum. The breeding relies mainly on the crossing of male and female parents, which needs the excellent viability of the pollen from the male parent. Marcotting or air layer is a technique to facilitate parents to be crossed outside of the sugarcane fields. The technique allows sugarcane roots to grow from stalk internodes wrapped with soil to maintain the viability of the male and female gametes during the crossing. We investigated the effect of marcotted stalks on pollen viability. The cultivars observed in the study were PS-862, PS-865, 88-1762, and 89-2143, along with the Saccharum’s wild relative, Erianthus arundinaceus. Pollens from marcotted and control stalks were taken and stained with Lugol’s or IKI solution daily to confirm their viability and diameter measurement. Additional parameters observed were root weight, male and female organ morphometry. The results showed that pollen viability was not affected by marcotting or air layering treatment. In addition, the treatment could maintain flower anthesis in panicles or arrows within more than two weeks. The pollen sizes varied among cultivar and genus, while the viable pollen tended to be bigger than the non-viable ones.
Study of paraquat dichloride residue in oil palm
Authors: Nurulalia L , Mubin N , Dadang
Published: February 2022

Paraquat dichloride is a non-selective contact herbicide commonly used in oil palm plantations. It causes the leaves to wilt quickly, dehydrate, and eventually die. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of paraquat residues in oil palm fruits. The study has conducted from November 2019 to February 2020. Fruit samples were collected from oil palm plantations in three provinces (North Sumatra, Jambi, and West Kalimantan). Paraquat is applied two times per year with a high volume spraying dose of one liter per hectare. The last application of paraquat dichloride was 30 days before harvest in North Sumatra and Jambi, and 14 days in West Kalimantan. The samples were taken randomly from five trees aged eight years (TM-8), then mixed for analysis. The result showed that paraquat residue content was undetected at the analytical detection limit of 0.0151 ppm. It means that the paraquat residue was below the detection level or that there was no residue in the oil palm fruits. As a result, the application of paraquat to control the weeds around the plantation leaves no residue in oil palm fruits.
Improvement of drought tolerance of patchouli through gamma irradiation and in vitro selection
Authors: Suhesti S , Susilowati M , Sirait N , Haryudin W , Hadipoentyanti E
Published: February 2022

The research was undertaken to obtain drought-tolerant patchouli putative mutant calli through gamma-irradiation and in-vitro selection using Polyethylene Glycol (PEG). Patchoulina 2 variety was used as the mother plant. Embryogenic calli were induced on three medium formulation (combination of 0.1; 0.3 and 0.5 mg/l 2.4D with 0.1 mg/l BAP). The induced embryogenic calli were then exposed to nine levels of Gamma irradiation (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 Gray) in combination with two levels of PEG (0 and 20%). The results showed that MS media with 2.4-D 0.3 mg/l and BAP 0.1 mg/l was the best medium for callus induction. The ability of calli to survive decreased with increasing doses of gamma irradiation. The radiosensitivity of patchouli calli showed that LD20 at 14.06 Gray and LD50 at 26.98 Gray. The drought-tolerant patchouli putative mutant calli were obtained from gamma-ray irradiation doses 15, 20, and 25 Gray in selection media 20% PEG has better drought stress tolerance compared to parent Patchoulina 2 variety. Further selection in the glasshouse and field are needed to obtain a candidate variety of patchouli drought tolerance.
Response of sow thistle to the level of shading and mycorrhiza
Authors: Trisilawati Octivia , Syakir Muhammad
Published: February 2022

Perennial sow thistle (Sonchus arvensis L.) is one of the Indonesian medicinal plants that contain flavonoid compounds. The research aimed to examine the effects of shading and mycorrhiza application toward the growth, fresh and dry weight of shoot, chlorophyll, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and quercetin content of S. arvensis. The research was conducted in the greenhouse of the Soil Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. The experimental design used was a split-plot design, with shading level as the main plot and mycorrhiza application as the subplot. Shading treatment comprised four levels: 0%, 25%, 40%, and 75%, whether subplot comprised two levels: control and with mycorrhizal inoculation. The result showed that shading significantly affected plant growth, fresh and dry weight of shoot, and chlorophyll content. Without shading levels (level 0%) resulted in the highest plant growth, nutrient uptake and yield. The shading level of 0% with AMF application resulted in the highest yield of quercetin. The chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll content was not significantly different at 0%, 25%, and 40% shading levels but decreased significantly at 75% shade levels.
Evaluation of Gayo coffee germplasm on Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) resistances
Authors: Samsudin  , Dani  , Syafaruddin
Published: February 2022

The Gayo Experimental Station (GES) germplasm has the most complete collection of Arabica coffee in the world. The utilization of these collections to search coffee berry borer (CBB) resistant lines has not been carried out. This study aimed to evaluate 17 germplasm lines/varieties of Arabica coffee in GES against CBB resistance. Observation of CBB infestation level in the field was conducted at GES, Bener Meriah, Aceh. Each line used 10 trees and randomly selected 4 branches. Then the number of CBB-infested and healthy cherries were counted. At harvest time, were taken from each line 100 cherries randomly. Parameters observed were cherry weight, discus diameters, and cherries infested. Genetical resistance tests carried out at the plant protection laboratory of IIBCRI, Sukabumi, West Java. The parameter observed was the number of cherries infested. The results showed that CBB infestation level in germplasm was very low, caused by environmental factors that are not suitable for CBB development. There was a positive correlation between cherry discus diameters and CBB infestation rate. The results of genetic resistance testing in the laboratory showed that all of the evaluated Gayo arabica coffee lines/varieties showed a lightly susceptible response to CBB.
Sustainable agriculture practice using Trichoderma and nonpathogenic Fusarium to control Vanilla Shoot Rot disease
Authors: Taufiq E
Published: February 2022

Vanilla shoots rot (VShR) disease in Indonesia is generally detrimental to the nursery, but due to the extreme climate change, the VShR disease attacks the vanilla plants grown in the field increases. This paper describes the development of research on the effectiveness of Trichoderma sp. and nonpathogenic Fusarium (FusNP) in controlling VShR, starting from isolation and identification of antagonistic fungi, in vitro testing to research results in the field, compared with the use of synthetic fungicides. The nonpathogenic fungi isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy vanilla plants were dominated by Trichoderma spp and nonpathogenic fusarium because they used selective media. The study showed that Trichoderma sp. and FusNP were quite effective in controlling the disease VShR in the field, similar to the effectiveness of synthetic fungicides, whereas the incidence of control was 32%. The use of synthetic fungicides intensively causes environmental pollution in the form of pesticide residues on leaves and fruit vanilla.
Zabak Tall as a potential coconut variety in tidal areas
Authors: Kumaunang J , Miftahorrachman  , Manaroinsong E , Maskromo I
Published: February 2022

A challenge still being faced at the coconut farmers’ level is the low productivity, which is only at an average of 1.2 tons of copra per hectare per year. Apart from being caused by old plant age, it is also caused by low-quality seeds. The types of superior coconut that are currently available are still limited, especially the tidal-specific varieties. The research was conducted in the Village of Tanjung Solok, East Tanjung Jabung Regency, Jambi Province, Indonesia, from 2015 to 2018, using an observational survey, which was aimed to find promising lines of coconut that suitable for the tidal areas. The observed characters include vegetative, generative, and fruit components. The analysis of the coefficient variance was carried out to determine the level of variance and production potential of the Zabak Tall coconut. Meanwhile, the yield stability was analyzed by observing the linearity of the production characters for three years. The results showed that the productivity of Zabak Tall is at about 3.09 tons of copra per hectare per year, which is stable for three years of observation and even tends to increase due to selection activities.
Effect of vermicompost on yield and quality of Kemloko tobacco
Authors: Hidayati S N , Syaputra R , Hamida R , Djajadi
Published: February 2022

The role of organic fertilizer is essential as an ameliorant of soil for tobacco cultivation. This study aimed to determine the effect of organic fertilizer types and N fertilizer on soil chemical characteristics, yield, and quality of tobacco. The study was carried out in the field experimental station, located in Glapansari village of Temanggung in 2017. The research was arranged in a split-plot design with two factors and three replications. The first factor as the main plot is two organic fertilizer types (vermicompost and manure). The second factor as the subplot is N fertilizer consisting of three levels (90, 120, and 150 kg N ha−1). The result showed that the effect of vermicompost and manure was not significantly different on soil chemicals, except on soil C content. At the same level of N rate, vermicompost gave a higher tobacco yield than manure fertilizer. Vermicompost with the lowest N level (90 kg kg N ha−1) produced a high tobacco crop index (crop value index). Vermicompost can reduce inorganic N fertilizer input and could be used as an ameliorant of tobacco dryland.
Superior morphological characteristics of Kobura promising Robusta coffee clones from South Sumatera Province
Authors: Wicaksono I N A , Randriani E , Dani  , Santoso T J
Published: February 2022

Released new superior clones of Robusta coffee have an essential role as sources of high qualities planting materials. Each clone should have unique and distinctive morphological marker(s) which are easily visual-characterized. Assessment of morphological markers allows plant breeders to discriminate and identify the most promising genotypes for variety development. This study aimed to characterize morphological markers and reveal the superiority of 3 promising clones of Robusta coffee, i.e., Kobura 1, Kobura 2, and Kobura 3. The result of morphological characterization showed that the 3 promising clones have distinctive morphological characters. Shoot tip color of Kobura 1 and Kobura 2 clones is light green, whereas Kobura 3 is brownish-green. Kobura 1 clone has the largest flower size, whereas Kobura 2 and Kobura 3 clones have smaller flower sizes, respectively. Cherries disc of Kobura 1 is flat and large, differing from Kobura 2 and Kobura 3, which have small and slightly protruded cherries discs. Cherries of Kobura 1, Kobura 2, and Kobura 3 clones have roundish, oblong, and obovate shapes, respectively. The superiority of those 3 clones is cupping score, categorized as very good specialty to excellent specialty.
Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and stepwise regression method to select the areca nut population as across parent material
Authors: Romadhon M R , Tulalo M A
Published: February 2022

Areca nut is widely distributed in tropical areas, including Indonesia. Areca nut has a genetic source for hybrid development. Areca nut is a cross-pollinated plant, so the gene constitution is expected to be heterogeneous and heterozygous. A stepwise regression approach can be utilized to identify the best model of several characters for selection. This study aimed to find out the suitable model and selection characters for selecting a potential population of Areca for use as a cross-parent material. The study was conducted at the Kayuwatu Experimental Garden using the Local Areca Accession Population. The research used a single block with 7 local accessions of areca nut and the vegetative and generative characters of 10 plants from each accession were observed. The results showed that the best model for estimating whole fruit weight (y) = 86586 - 498 stem circumference* + 11158 Fruits Per Bunch* + 4738 Number of Leaves + 38.9 Number of Fruits Per Bunch** + 58.8 fruit equatorial circumference* + 1545 fruit polar circumference *. Based on stepwise regression, only stem circumference, fruit equatorial circumference, fruit polar circumference, and the number of fruits per bunch might be used as the selection criteria to determine the best population.
Multivariate analysis of Nypa fruticans from North Sulawesi based on morphological characters
Authors: Romadhon M R , Manaroinsong E. , Matana Y R
Published: February 2022

Nypa grows mainly on the river banks. A number of nypa germplasm accessions were collected from three locations, namely North Minahasa (Wori district), South Minahasa (Paslaten District), and Southeast Minahasa (Tumbak District). The study aimed to determine the morphological differences amongst the collected germplasms and their correlation using multivariate analysis. The research used RCBD with 3 replications using five individual plants. The results showed that characters that have a high correlation for fruit weight are the fruit polar circumference (0.97), the fruit equatorial circumference (0.98), and the rachis length (0.84). An increase in one unit of these characters will increase the fruit weight. The average linkage method and heatmap with a cut-off point of 0.38 divided the accessions into two groups; the first group were Tumbak 1, Tumbak 2, Tumbak 3, Tumbak 4, and Tumbak 5, and the second group were Wori 1, Wori 2, Wori 3 , Wori 4, Wori 5, Paslaten 1, Paslaten 2, Paslaten 3, Paslaten 4, and Paslaten 5. Clustergram heatmap showed three groups with a high average of fruit polar circumference and weight per fruit, namely Paslaten 1, Paslaten 3, and Paslaten 5. The multivariate analysis clusters the accessions into groups with similar morphology.
Internal flow of nutrients in organic farming systems in tidal swamp
Authors: Kurnain Ahmad , Mahbub M , Septiana M , Makalew A M , Murjani A
Published: February 2022

Sustainable nutrient management is critical to the success of an agroecosystem. The potential of nutrient flow to agroecosystems in tidal swamps can be observed in several of soil and water management. Tidal swamp land management based on surjan and tabukan system are often used to farm several sub-agricultures, namely rice fields, ponds, and citrus plantations. This study aimed to determine N nutrients’ input, output, and internal flow in organic farming systems. This study is limited to observing the internal components. The integrated organic farming system in tidal swampland, usually used for orange in the raised beds and rice in the sunken beds/wetland sections or fishponds, demontrated the potential for inorganic N-flow between farming sub-systems and between components within the system. Scenarios for the use of rice straw for external production sub-systems such as for citrus plantations and composting for external purposes need consideration. This potential can be a sub-component of nutrient input for other sub-systems or the next planting season. The simulation of the integrated rice-citrus-fishpond agroecosystem model showed a positive nutrient balance, especially N nutrients. This model needs to be further developed.
The effect of habitat condition of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) to arthropods and rat infestation
Authors: Armando R , Hindayana D , Priyambodo S
Published: February 2022

The research was conducted to evaluate the effect of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantation types on the diversity and abundance of arthropods, the population and percentage of rat infestation. The research was conducted at oil palm plantation in Cikasungka, Bogor Regency, West Java in 2015 with three different types of plantations i.e. clean cultivation, natural vegetation, and legume cover crop. This research used three sampling methods i.e. pitfall trap, swing net, direct observation. The research was carried out in an area of 100 m x 100 m with 20 sample plants for each habitat. Sampling technique, trapping, and observation of arthropods and rat infestation were done nine times with an interval of two weeks. The results indicated that legume cover crop habitat had the highest arthropods diversity index and the lowest rate of rat infestation, compared with those of the other habitat types of plantations.
Factors affecting farmers’ decision to use organic fertilizers on Robusta coffee plantation: A case study in Tanggamus, Lampung
Authors: Hasibuan A M , Ferry Y , Wulandari S
Published: February 2022

The dependency on agri-chemical inputs, such as fertilizers and pesticides, tends to increase among small-scale farmers in developing countries. On the other hand, demand for organic products, including coffee, continuously increases due to the rising concern of the consumers for sustainable products and a healthy lifestyle without chemical residues. This study aims to understand the determinant factors that affect small-scale farmers in using organic fertilizers. The research was conducted in Tanggamus Regency from June – August 2019 using a survey method. Respondents were determined using a simple random sampling method. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a linear regression model. The results showed that the use of organic fertilizers is still limited and farmers tend to use chemical fertilizers to maintain their coffee plants. The dose of inorganic fertilizer and ownership of the number of coffee trees have a negative effect on the application of organic fertilizer. While the experience of farmers in coffee farming and the age of coffee plants have a positive effect on the dose of organic fertilizer applied.