bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemic to Pandemic: Just a Matter of Time
Authors: Humayun Ayesha , Anwar Muhammad Imran , Alam Saadia Shahzad , Iqbal Usman
Published: December 2020

Epidemic and pandemic potential of all respiratory diseases of zoonotic origin is well known. In recent history global public health threat was inflicted by zoonotic origin infectious diseases with pandemic potential including, Ebola and Marburg haemorrhagic fevers, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), influenza A (H5N1), Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus (MERSCoV), 1 and the recently discovered COVID-19. Change of epidemic to a pandemic is just a matter of time. A novel Corona virus 2019 (COVID-19) is appearing to be one of the rapidly transmitting diseases because of the social and economic linkages worldwide. Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are not new but their incidence or geographical involvement is rapidly increasing. Global temporal and spatial patterns of these emerging infections are studied well in literature concluding significant correlation of EIDs with socio-economic, environmental and ecological factors. It helps to identify regions as ‘hotspots’ for EIDs with a substantial risk of vector-borne and wildlife zoonotic emerging diseases.
Detection of Helicobacter pylori Through Histochemistry & Immunofluorescent Staining in Biopsies of Patients with Chronic Gastritis
Authors: Jahanzeb Asia , Nagi Abdul Hannan Nagi , Suleman Ayesha
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) is a helix shaped gram negative rod which is usually associated with chronic gastritis and also a major cause of other astroduodenal diseases as well. Aims & Objectives: The present study used histochemical and immunofluorescent stains on formalin fixed paraffin embedded human gastric biopsies for detection of H.pylori. Comparison was also done to evaluate best staining method. Place and duration of study: This study was accomplished in about one year. Sampling of gastric biopsies and rapid urease test were executed at the endoscopy suite of Lahore General Hospital whereas the histopathological examination and immunofluorescent staining were done in University of Health Sciences, Lahore. Material & Methods: Thirty patients (n=30cases) were included in the study following inclusion criteria. Diagnostic upper GI endoscopy was carried out in all cases. Five gastric biopsies were taken from each patient/case (total N=150 Biopsies) according to the Updated Sydney System. Rapid urease test was performed at the site of endoscopy. Biopsies fixed in 10% formalin were brought to the concerned department where they were assigned a specific laboratory number then processed and stained. Results: Endoscopic examination revealed chronic gastritis and rapid urease tests were positive. All cases (n=30) were positive for H.pylori on histopathology. The calculated sensitivity and specificity of H&E, Giemsa, Modified McMullen’s stain and Immunofluorescent method in present study were 71% and 100%,83% and 100%, 82% and 100%, 90% and 100% respectively. Conclusion: Special stains makes H.pylori identification easier in tissue sections. However, immunofluorescent test is the most sensitive and specific method as compared to histochemical stains.
Frequency of Occult Hepatitis B in Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Ali Sameen Bint , Izhar Mateen , Lal Chetan , Yaqoob Asma , Hafsa Hadiqa tul , Akram Asma
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Occult infections (OBIs) caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) are detected by the presence of HBV DNA without surface antigens. The prevalence of HBsAg in general population of Pakistan is around 3%, but there is no data regarding the occurrence of OBIs. Aims & Objectives: The goal of this research was to assess the frequency of occult hepatitis B infection in pregnant females presenting to antenatal care unit of Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. Place and duration of study: These samples were handled at the Microbiology Department of Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. The duration of study was one year after the approval of synopsis. Material & Methods: Four hundred and sixty three pregnant women were included in this research. Serum was separated from their blood samples. HBsAg, Anti-HBcand Anti-HBs tests were performed using the ELISA technique on all the samples. Real time PCR was performed to find HBV DNA. Results: The frequency of occult hepatitis B was < 0.25 in this research. Among the 463 women tested during pregnancy, hepatitis B surface antigen was positive in 2 (0.4%) women. These two were excluded from the study. Out of 461 samples, hepatitis B surface antibody was positive in 61 (13.2%) samples and they were negative for hepatitis B core antibody. These 61 samples were also omitted from the research. 25 (5%) samples were positive for both Anti-HBc and Anti-HBs. 11 samples (2%) were Anti-HBc positive and Anti-HBs negative. In 364 (79%) samples, both Anti-HBs and Anti-HBc were absent. Polymerase Chain Reaction was performed on 400 samples. Conclusion: The frequency of occult hepatitis B is very low < 0.25% in pregnant women. It is not recommended to routinely screen pregnant women for hepatitis B virus DNA.
Ajwa Improves Nicotine Induced Ovarian Toxicity in Murine Model
Authors: Rauf Faeza , Suhail Muhammad , Muzaffar Tayyaba , Iqbal Javaid , Iqbal Sadia , Nazeer Asia
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, alters ovarian function and Ajwa (Phoenix dactylifera) being an antioxidant prevents its toxicity. Aims & Objectives: This experimental study was designed to evaluate protective effect of Ajwa against ovarian toxicity induced by nicotine in adult albino rats. Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Federal Postgraduate Medical Institute, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore for duration of 3 months (January 2017-March 2017). Material & Methods: 40 adult female albino rats were divided into four equal groups. 1ml distilled water was given to the rats of control (A) group by gastric intubation, experimental group B was given nicotine injection intraperitoneally (0.1 mg/kg body weight) for 28 days. The rats of experimental group C were given Ajwa fruit extract 1gm/kg body weight daily by gastric intubation, while rats of experimental group D were given 0.1mg/kg body weight nicotine intraperitoneally plus 1gm/kg body weight Ajwa fruit extract by gastric intubation for 28 days. Results: In group B, secondary and Graafian follicles were mostly atrophic, degeneration of granulosa cells, pyknotic nuclei and stromal vacuolization were present. Zona pellucida was torn and irregular. Mean diameters of secondary and Graafian follicles were significantly lower in nicotine group B (p-value<0-001*). Experimental group C revealed normal histological architecture and diameter of ovarian follicles. Near normal restoration of follicular structure was seen in group D. Conclusion: Ajwa fruit extract is counterbalancing for nicotine induced oxidative stress in ovarian follicles of rat, so it may be useful to improve infertility or sub-fertility induced by smoking in females.
Topical Lignocaine with Diltiazem or Glyceryltrinitrate for Paediatric Acute Anal Fissure: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ahmed Mukhtiar , Ahmad Jamil Akhter Munir , Sheikh Muhammad Ali , Latif Tariq , Qayyum Abdul
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Anal fissure is a common problem in children, the exact etiology of which is unknown and it mostly presents with painful defecation and bleeding per rectum. The standard treatment of anal fissure is lateral internal sphincterotomy but due to risk of fecal incontinence chemical sphincterotomy is used as alternative to surgical sphincterotomy. Aims & Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of topical diltiazem and lignocaine with glyceryl trinitrate and lignocaine in relieving of symptoms and healing of acute anal fissure in children. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted in the Department of Paediatric Surgery, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore & Department of Paediatric Surgery, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore from September 2017 to September 2018. Material & Methods: Total 228 children were enrolled in the study and randomly divided in group A and B, 114 children in each group. Group A received topical 2% diltiazem cream and 2% lignocaine gel, while group B received topical 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate and 2% lignocaine gel, applied locally, twice daily. Results: There were 78(68.4%) male children in group A and 66(57.9%) in group B. All patients completed 6 week treatment course. The symptoms and condition of the anal fissure were evaluated before start of treatment and at subsequent follow up periods. In group A 55 (48.2%) cases completely healed by second week, while in group B, 33 (28.9%) cases healed. The number of completely healed cases at 4 weeks follow up in group A and group B were 91 (79.8%) and 69(60.5%) respectively, while at week 6 follow up this rate was 95 (83.3%) and 73 (64.0%) respectively. Symptomatic relief in painful defecation observed in group A and group B was 74(64.9%) and 55(48.2%) at week 2, 95(83.3%) and 74(64.9%) at week 4 while 95(83.3%) and 77(67.5%) at week 6 in two groups respectively. Conclusion: Use of combination of topical diltiazem and lignocaine for the treatment of acute anal fissure in paediatric population is preferred over combination of glyceryl trinitrate and lignocaine.
Schizophrenia & the Mental Fog
Authors: Library Spring
Published: December 2020

Current hypotheses involving neurotransmitters, risk factors, diverse symptoms and limited treatment options may pave the way for establishing potent therapeutic approaches for schizophrenia.
Variantes del Complejo MPS en población Colombiana
Authors: Moreno Giraldo Lina Johanna , Satizábal José María , Sánchez Gómez Adalberto
Published: December 2020

Introducción: Las Mucopolisacaridosis (MPS) son enfermedades de depósito lisosomal que se caracterizan por la acumulación excesiva de sulfato de Glucosaminoglicanos (GAGs) en órganos y tejidos, debido a la alteración en los genes que codifican para enzimas involucradas en la degradación lisosomal de glucosaminoglicanos. Se reconocen siete tipos distintos de trastornos de MPS (I, II, III, IV, VI, VII y IX) con 11 deficiencias específicas de enzimas lisosomales. El país no tiene datos exactos sobre la carga de la enfermedad, ni datos de frecuencia alélica que permita conocer la presencia de variantes poblacionales y posibles individuos afectados y portadores. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia alélica poblacional de las variantes del complejo MPS en una población sin diagnóstico clínico y molecular de esta patología. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo observacional donde se determinó la frecuencia alélica de variantes presentes en los genes IDUA, IDS, SGSH, NAGLU, HGSNAT, GNS, GALNS, GLB1, ARSB ,GUSB ,HYAL1, asociados a MPS por medio de la secuenciación de 320 exomas completos de pacientes sin diagnóstico clínico de MPS del Suroccidente Colombiano; los resultados fueron tabulados y fueron utilizadas fórmulas de frecuencia alélica para determinar los valores asociados a cada uno de los genes. Resultados: Se reportaron 509 alelos asociadas al complejo MPS, de las cuales 262 no se habían informado previamente. Los genes con presencia alélica más frecuentes fueron IDUA, GLB1 y GALNS, involucrados en MPS I y MPS IV A / B. Las frecuencias totales oscilaron entre 0,00393 (2 alelos) y 0,47937 (248 alelos). Estos estudios nos permiten conocer la frecuencia poblacional de cada una de las variantes asociadas al complejo MPS, lo que facilita la identificación oportuna de posibles pacientes, y portadores, realizar intervenciones oportunas que incluya además asesoramiento genético. Conclusiones: Con el avance en los métodos diagnósticos genómicos es posible ampliar el conocimiento sobre el impacto de presencia de variantes de los genes asociados al complejo MPS en nuestra población, identificación e instauración de programas integrales que nos acerca a la medicina de precisión.
1958-1963 DÖNEMİ TÜRK-ARAP MÜNASEBETLERİ VE ORTADOĞU ÜLKELERİ
Authors: CANATAN Yaşar
Published: December 2020

1955 yılında Türkiye, Irak, İran, Pakistan ve İngiltere’nin katılımıyla imzalanan Bağdat Paktı, Cemal Abdünnasır liderliğindeki Mısır’da tepkiyle karşılanmıştır. Bununla birlikte Mısır, Batı devletleriyle ilişkisini kesmemiştir. Aswan Barajı’nın yapımı için kredi talebinin Batı devletleri tarafından reddedilmesi, Mısır’ı, Doğu Bloku ülkeleriyle sıkı ilişkiler kurmaya itmiştir. Mısır’ın, bu süreçte Süveyş Kanalını millileştirmesi üzerine İngiltere, Fransa ve İsrail bölgeyi işgal etmesi, Sovyetler Birliği’nin Ortadoğu’daki etkisini artıran süreci hızlandırmıştır. İşgale karşı Sovyetler Birliği Mısır’ın yanında yer alırken, ABD’de de İngiltere, Fransa ve İsrail’in geri çekilmesini istemiştir. Neticede İngiltere, Fransa ve İsrail geri çekilmiş ve Nasır hedefine ulaşmıştır. Yayılan Sovyet etkisi karşısında Ortadoğu’ya daha çok yönelen ve Eisenhower Doktrini ilan eden ABD, 1958’de Irak’ta gerçekleşen ihtilal üzerine, bu doktrin doğrultusunda Lübnan’a müdahale etmiştir. İngiltere de Ürdün’e müdahale etmiştir. Türkiye, bir yandan içinde yer aldığı Batı Bloku ülkeleriyle ilişkilerini yürütürken, diğer yandan Arap ülkeleriyle ilişkiler kurmaya odaklanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, İki blok arasındaki mücadelenin yoğunlaştığı bir kesit, Türkiye’nin politikaları da dikkate alınarak ele alınmaktadır.
SOFTWARE APPLICATION FOR DETERMINATION OF BRAKE EFFICIENCY OF FREIGHT TRAINS ACCORDING TO THE RULES OF GOST 34434-2018
Authors:   State Enterprise «Ukrainian Railway Car Building Research Institute», Safronov O.M. , Vodiannikov Y.Y. , Makeieva O.G.
Published: December 2020

Calculation algorithm for braking distances of a freight train and recalculation on cast iron brake shoes in accordance with new rules of GOST 34434-2018 "BRAKE SYSTEMS OF FREIGHT CARS. Technical requirements and calculation rules " is given. According to the above mentioned algorithms, a program was drawn up in the Excel environment, intended to complete automation of the process of computational research to determine the braking efficiency of a freight train. The program is universal, as it allows studying brake systems of different design: with one and two brake cylinders; with one-sided and two-sided application of brake shoes on wheels; with disc brake. Examples of calculation studies of the braking efficiency of the open-top car with an axial load of 25 tons are shown.
EVALUATION OF THE BRAKING EFFICIENCY OF TANK CAR MODELS 15-7140 FOR COMPLIANCE WITH REQUIREMENTS OF GOST 34434-2018
Authors:   State Enterprise «Ukrainian Railway Car Building Research Institute», Kukin S.V.
Published: December 2020

Results for study of the braking efficiency of tank car model 15-7140 for compliance with requirements GOST 34434-2018 are given. Research was performed using method of “throwing”, and data processing was performed using special drawn up ECM program taking into account actual tank parameters. Braking coefficients of a single car were recalculated to maximum car loading taking into account axle loading, and to minimal pressure in the braking cylinder of loaded and empty cars. It was determined that the braking distance of the train of the site of loaded tank cars model 15-7140 corresponds to the braking efficiency requirements of GOST 34434-2018 for running speeds of 90 km/h, braking distances of the empty car are within acceptable values for speeds to 120 km/h inclusive.
PRIVATE TRACTION ROLLING STOCK ON THE MAIN-LINE TRACKS. ASPECTS CERTIFICATION OF PRIVATE LOCOMOTIVES
Authors:   State Enterprise «Ukrainian Railway Car Building Research Institute», Bahrov M.O. , Gladkykh I.V.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the procedures for certification of private locomotives in order to grant authorization for their operation on certain public railway lines. The special feature of the certification is that, as a rule, locomotives belonging to departments, enterprises and organizations that are not within the management sphere of JSC "Ukrzaliznytsia" and were not previously used on public railway lines of Ukraine, but are now presented for participation in the project, can be of several types, different years of construction, have different diesel operating hours (SMU hours), different degrees of wear of the mechanical part of load-bearing structures, wheelsets, trolleys, couplings, braking equipment, different technical condition of measuring instruments, safety devices and air tanks, devices security, etc. Therefore, the article presents the provisions of certification schemes (models) that can be used by the certification body for the certification of single locomotives and batches of private locomotives, and their aspects. The paper also presents the basic normative documents according to which certification procedures are carried out. The key aspects of existing certification testing of locomotives are specified. The scope of work on technical diagnostics of locomotives for certification is described. The procedure and duration of the direct certification process are given taking into account the analysis of documentation, technical inspection, provision of expert evaluation, selection and identification of a sample (samples) of a representative item from the batch submitted for sampling, certification testing, processing and registration of test results, comprehensive conclusion on compliance of the locomotive with the requirements of regulatory and technical documents, decision-making on the possibility (or impossibility) of issuing a certificate.
STUDY OF THE CURRENT STATE OF THE INVENTORY FLEET OF PASSENGER CARS OF JSC "UKRZALIZNYTSYA"
Authors:   State Enterprise «Ukrainian Railway Car Building Research Institute», Lupitko N.V.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The wear rate of passenger cars of JSC "Ukrzaliznytsia" according to various estimates is equal up to 88-93%. Its aging is going on at a rapid pace and is not compensated by the acquisition of new cars. The paper analyzes the current state of the inventory of passenger cars. Data on replenishment of the fleet of passenger cars of JSC "Ukrzaliznytsia" by years of construction are given: in the years 1951-1979 1708 cars were purchased; from 1980 till 1991 3881 cars were received; from 1992 till 2009 532 units were purchased; in 2010-2011 years 30 cars were purchased; in 2016 only 9 were purchased; in 2017 this figure totals to 50 units; in the years 2018-2019 26 cars were purchased. The structure of the fleet of passenger cars by type as of October 9, 2020 is given. The paper presents the statistical data of passenger transportation by railway transport of Ukraine. The work of passenger transport in January - September 2020 in comparison with the similar period of 2019 is reviewed. The rapid decline in passenger traffic by rail in 2020 is due to the introduction of strict quarantine in Ukraine caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, passenger transportation by rail was completely stopped from March 11, 2020, and partially resumed in the second half of May. During the quarantine the number of assigned trains decreased significantly, and tickets for these trains were sold for a limited number of seats in cars (50% of seats), so losses incurred by Ukrzaliznytsia increased at least one and a half to two times (approximately UAH 1 billion, taking into account the fact that such transportation is social in nature, and ticket prices are regulated by the state). Statistics on the production of passenger cars by domestic enterprises are given in the paper. Analyzed the current state of the passenger car fleet of JSC "Ukrzaliznytsia" and made the appropriate conclusions and made recommendations on the necessary volumes of renewal of the passenger car fleet.
ASPECTS OF TANK-CONTAINER TESTS FOR COMPLIANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE UN SHIPPING REGISTER
Authors:   State Enterprise «Ukrainian Railway Car Building Research Institute», Tretiak E.V.
Published: December 2020

The article deals the method of calculation studies of impact tests of tank containers to confirm the ability of portable tanks and multi-element gas containers to withstand the impact in the longitudinal direction on a specially equipped stand accredited in the certification system of the Register of Shipping of Ukraine, or using a railway platform and executing an impact force generated by a wagon-striker in accordance with the requirements of the UN Register of Shipping. It is shown that the main estimated characteristic of the UN requirements is the impact response spectrum (accelerations) for the interval natural frequencies of the impact impulse. The calculation of the points of the impact response spectrum curve according to the test results is shown in four stages. The test configuration of a railway platform with a tank-container for impact loads is presented, in which the impact is performed in such a way that the curve of the impact response spectrum obtained during the tests of both fittings under a single impact repeated or exceeded the minimum impact response curve spectrum at all frequencies in the range from 2 Hz to 100 Hz. The matrices of relative displacements and accelerations for the interval natural frequencies of the impact wave are given. The results of the research are presented in graphical form, which shows that the experimental values of the impact response spectrum exceed the minimum allowable values. The equation of the experimental curve of the shock response spectrum in the frequency range 0-100 Hz is described by the power dependence; the coefficients of the equation were determined by the statistical method of the maximum likelihood, with the determination factor being 0.897, which is a satisfactory value. The comparative analysis showed that the experimental curve of the impact response spectrum in the frequency range 0-100 Hz exceeds the normalized curve, which confirms compliance with regulatory requirements. It is proposed to use a new test configuration using a tank car with bulk liquid, where the processes occurring under impact significantly differ from other freight cars subjected to longitudinal impact loads of the tank container. The hydraulic shock caused by the impact on the tank container and the platform creates a turning moment, which causes the rear fittings to be unloaded.
Анализ динамики цен на моторные топлива на российском рынке в 2000-2020 гг. в свете налоговой политики в нефтяной отрасли
Authors: Акимов В.Н.
Published: December 2020

В работе рассматривается динамика внутренних цен на моторные топлива на российском рынке и ее зависимость от налогового режима в нефтяной отрасли. В статье показано, что проводимая государством налоговая политика приводила к практически непрерывному росту цен на столь социально значимые товары, как бензин и дизельное топливо. В 2019-2020 гг. был совершен переход к системе по сути госрегулирования цен на бензин и дизтопливо за счет введения демпфирующего механизма с индикативными ценами и обратного акциза на нефтяное сырье. Приводятся оценки того, как новые механизмы повлияли на уровень и структуру цен на нефтепродукты и на выплаты из бюджета в пользу нефтяных компаний для поддержания индикативных цен.
Модель экспортно-ориентированного развития российского машиностроения
Authors:   ИНП РАН, Борисов В.Н. , Почукаева О.В. ,   ИНП РАН, Балагурова Е.А. ,   ИНП РАН, Орлова Т.Г. ,   ИНП РАН, Почукаев К.Г. ,   ИНП РАН
Published: December 2020

Предложена модель прогнозно-аналитических построений развития экспортно-ориентированного машиностроения. Проведен анализ развития машиностроения в крупнейших российских регионах на соответствие экспортно-ориентированной модели. Показано влияние качественных изменений технологической структуры инвестиций на динамику выпуска и экспорта отечественной машинотехнической продукции.
Роль миграции в динамике численности и структуры населения регионов Крайнего Севера и приравненных к нему местностей
Authors:   ИНП РАН, Мкртчян Н.В.
Published: December 2020

На основе данных о миграции в районах Крайнего Севера и приравненных к ним местностей за 2000-2018 гг. анализируются масштабы, направления и структурные характеристики оттока населения с российского Севера. Миграция наиболее интенсивно сокращает население регионов, отнесенных именно к Крайнему Северу. Основным акцептором северной миграции являются регионы Европейской части России. В то же время миграция с Севера позволяет компенсировать примерно половину потерь регионов юга Урала, Сибири и Дальнего Востока от западного дрейфа. Специфической особенностью миграции из регионов российского Севера является большая доля лиц в возрасте 50 лет и старше, особенно значим их отток из регионов Азиатского Севера.
Fasülye turşusu salamurasının temel kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi
Authors: ODABAŞ Hümeyra , METİN Banu
Published: December 2020

Fasulye turşusu, Karadeniz bölgesine ait geleneksel gıdalardan biridir. Bu çalışmada, literatürde yeteri kadar bilimsel bir veri bulunmayan fasulye turşusunun temel kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik özellikleri ile ilgili bilgi edinmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, geleneksel yöntemler ile elde edilen 4 turşu numunesi kullanılmıştır. Turşuların yapımında Trabzon ilinin Of ilçesine ait köylerden toplanan fasulyeler kullanılmıştır. Turşu salamura örneklerinin pH değerleri 3.40-3.65, tuz miktarları ise %3.98-%5.89 arasında bulunmuştur. Mikrobiyolojik analizler neticesinde, salamura örneklerinde laktik asit bakterilerinin 2.30-4.37 log kob/mL, toplam mezofilik aerobik bakterilerin 2.33-4.34 log kob/mL, mayaların ise 2.00-4.33 log kob/mL arasında olduğu gözlenmiştir. Kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik bulgular, literatürdeki diğer turşu çalışmaları ile uyumludur.
Institutionalization of the Novosibirsk scientific school of ethnosociology: ideas, approaches, forms of activity
Authors: Popkov Yuri , Kostyuk Vsevolod , Persidskaya Olga
Published: December 2020

The authors consider the features of genesis, stages of formation, theoretical and methodological foundations, basic ideas and approaches developed within the framework of the Novosibirsk Scientific Ethnosociological School. A description of the forms of activity, scientific ties and communicative practices that determined the process of its institutionalization is given. It is concluded that this scientific school meets the criteria for this kind of organization of the scientific community, both in terms of organizational structure, unity of research methodology and methods, forms of interdisciplinary communication, reproduction of scientific personnel, and based on an assessment of its role in regulating interethnic interactions and ethnosocial processes.
Cosmopolitanism and patriotism in greek philosophy during the early Hellenistic period
Authors: Brovkin Vladimir
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the question of the correlation of cosmopolitanism and patriotism in the early Hellenistic philosophy. It is established that during this period in Greek philosophy the opposition between two tendencies – Patriotic and cosmopolitan increased. Patriotic values have retained their influence. The exponents of Patriotic ideas were Aristotle, Xenocrates, Anniceris, Menedemus, and partially the early stoics. At the same time, the positions of cosmopolitanism, which was represented in the philosophy of the cynics, the early Stoics, and Theodorus, also strengthened. It is also established that the formation of Hellenistic monarchies influenced the development of both tendencies. The rapprochement of the Greeks with the peoples of the East contributed to the spread of cosmopolitan ideas. And the Foundation of Greek cities in the Hellenistic States contributed to the preservation of Polis values, one of which was patriotism.
Transformation of the concept of a rhetorical situation due to virtualization of audience
Authors: Kosarev Andrey
Published: December 2020

The paper discusses the role of the audience and the rhetor in the concept of the rhetorical situation. We analyze the approaches of L. Bitzer, R. Watts, S. Consigny. An important place in the paper takes the analysis of the position of S. Krause on the features of the communicative process and the formation of a new communicative reality in the digital space, as well as F. Pashaei, who examines the rhetorical situation through the prism of the “ecology” concept with an atomic model of rhetorical digital discourse instead of linear. We make a conclusion that smoothing the boundaries between the rhetor and the audience in digital discourse makes it difficult both to model the audience and performing the rhetorical situation of its function of relieving social tensions.
Post-soviet science: the attempt of conceptualization
Authors: Ablazhey Anatoly
Published: December 2020

On the basis of a secondary analysis of the results of sociological research, the main directions of the analysis of the genesis and further development of the phenomenon of post-Soviet science are outlined. The main attention is paid to the problem of the influence of the global socio-economic and socio-cultural contexts on the formation of system-forming elements and factors that determine the development of the domestic system for the production of scientific knowledge. An essential part of the article is devoted to the analysis of the consequences of the radical reform of the academic sector for the fate of Russian science. It is concluded that science in Russia has been able to successfully adapt to the new conditions of activity, has learned to successfully combine scientific research and commercial interests. At the same time, the excessive dependence of the sphere of fundamental research on the state determines the weakness of science, its weak participation in the innovative development of the country.
Private universities and elite formation in Russia: Yakut case
Authors: Podoynitsyna Irina
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of functioning of private universities in society, determining their place in the educational process. A parallel is drawn with the work of private educational institutions in the United States, which have a glorious history of development dating back to the XVII century. The author of the article relies on the analysis of special literature on this issue, identifies success factors of American universities and “failure factors” of private universities in Yakutia, and also refers to a large-scale sociological study of graduates of the M. K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University. Research conducted under his leadership (Yakutsk, 469 respondents, 2016, 2017, 2018). The Author concludes that the history of private universities in Russia, which began in the 90s of the twentieth century, is quite dramatic. Branches of the capital's private universities operating in the province are at the greatest disadvantage today. The current situation requires a detailed sociological analysis, a comparative analysis of the performance of public and private universities and identification of the pros and cons of non-state universities on this basis, in order to develop recommendations for correcting the situation.
The invisible opponent: a hidden discussion in a linguistic popular science article
Authors: Kim Igor , Ilina Daria
Published: December 2020

This article is devoted to the description of the linguistic means by which the author of a popular science article introduces into it the position of an “inexperienced reader”. Six popular science articles on linguistic topics were used as a source of material for the research. With the methods of studies of reference, semantic syntax and poetics of a literary text, the techniques of introducing an ordinary worldview of the “invisible opponent” of the author-scientist (or a knowledgeable journalist) were analyzed, in which the author represents a potential inexperienced reader of the article. As a result of the study, it was found that the authors use various means of implicitness, including presuppositions, implicit change of point of view, games with the reference of pronouns and nouns, in order to solve a complex collision of the “addressee factor”: criticizing the views that form the reader's everyday picture of the world, do not present explicit the reader himself as his opponent.
THE FIRST PHILOSOPHY OF E. HUSSERL IN THE CONTEXT OF PHENOMENOLOGY AS A SCIENCE
Authors: Berdaus Svetlana
Published: December 2020

The article examines the problem of the relationship between critical and dogmatic types of thinking in the context of the project of scientific philosophy created by Husserl. The point of view is expressed according to which the program of science teaching of Husserl was not completed at the end of the descriptive stage, but, on the contrary, was continued and expanded at the stage of transcendental phenomenology. Based on the material of the first part of the lectures “First Philosophy” belonging to this stage, it is demonstrated how Husserl, with the help of historical-eidetic reduction and the concept of the unity of motivation, outlines the way for the “naïve” philosopher to master the principles of critical thinking. These principles, coupled with phenomenological reduction, form a special disposition of the dogmatic and the critical in the project of phenomenology as a rigorous science, where the dogmatic and the critical merge into the fundamental requirement of the philosopher's self-reflection and responsibility.
Functioning of the P. Ricoeur's mimetic circle in the various narrative representations of the past
Authors: Anikina Alexandra
Published: December 2020

Scholar’s and mythological historical narratives coexist independently, but now they have been increasingly confused. To find ways to compare them and highlight the properties which distinguish them, we turn to P. Ricoeur's concept of triple mimesis. Narratives are cognitive tools, so they are almost omnipresent. Since there is nothing in the narrative that would distinguish one type from another, it is necessary to pay attention to how they function, to the ways of representing reality that use different types of narratives. For this, the article uses the concept of P. Ricoeur's mimetic circle, which takes into account not only the narrative dimension itself, but also its “depth”, the degree of approximation to reality.
Domanov, O. A. Form and Formal Approaches in the History of Philosophy and Today
Authors: Domanov Oleg
Published: December 2020

The concept of form and its derivations belong to the most important concepts of Antiquity and Middle Ages. Modern formal approaches in logic, semantics etc. depend on this problematics, rarely exposing it to scientific scrutiny. The article deals with a way medieval discussions on form and essence are reflected in contemporary approaches to formalisation, resulting in the confrontation between substantialist and constructivist paradigms.
Witgenstein on intention and theory of action
Authors: Rodin Kirill
Published: December 2020

In the article we examine Wittgenstein's notes on several action theories in general context of intentional states. We show (based on the articles of Michael Scott) that the kinesthetic theory of action and theories of innervation, which were the object of criticism of Wittgenstein, do not play an essential role for understanding Wittgenstein's texts and therefore in this case the influence of historical and philosophical reconstruction on the understanding of Wittgenstein's corresponding notes can be considered insignificant. Late Wittgenstein's texts are directed against comparatively universal methodological and metaphysical principles. And therefore, criticism of theories of action can only serve as an optional illustration and an optional precondition for interpretation and understanding.
Institutionalization of a philosophical school: the origins of Justus Lipsius’ neostoicism
Authors: Sanzhenakov Alexander
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the consideration of the neostoicism of Justus Lipsius (1547–1606) in order to show that there is a set of reasons for the renovation and institutionalization of any philosophical school: the historical context, education, community, personality and biography of its leader. As for Justus Lipsius, a philologist and publisher of ancient texts (Tacitus, Seneca), the following factors influenced. Since Lipsius lived in turbulent times (the 16th century was marked by the Reformation and religious wars), he could not help but pay attention to Stoic philosophy, designed to give peace of mind in an unsettled world. Lipsius received an excellent education at a Jesuit college and at two universities – Cologne and Louvain. He was instilled in a love of ancient literature during his education, which predetermined his work. He was an outstanding person by nature and was formed in the university environment and in the intellectual circles of his time. He was, for instance, a member of the Familists, whose founder taught, among other things, the permissibility of changing denominations. Lipsius’s interpretation of the Stoic doctrine suggests that the Stoics came closest to Christianity, unlike other ancient philosophers. All these factors determined the revival of Stoicism in the 16th century.
Extending Racer with Thread is Alive Mechanism
Authors: Dinesh GC , Reddy Dr. B. Eswara , Sivakumar A. P.
Published: December 2020

We know that detecting concurrent programming errors such as live locks, data races, starvation and deadlocks is mainly headed problem in day to today programming. Several algorithms have been developed in order to find the concurrency related bugs, among such type of algorithms the efficient one is RACER algorithm. Previously in racer algorithm RACER only uses events acquiring and releasing locks, as well as calls to Thread.start. So here in this work, we extend racer algorithm by making calls to thread is alive method. We use aspect oriented programming AspectJ. The purpose of extension racer algorithm is, in order to increase the performance of an algorithm. We applied this extension of racer algorithm to two small programs. The experiments state that extension of racer increases the efficiency of racer algorithm.
A Novel Method for Feature Extraction and Classification for an Aerial Image and LiDAR Data with Genetic Algorithm
Authors: B. E Manjunath , Anand D. G. , Kattimani Mahant. G.
Published: December 2020

Airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) provides accurate height information for objects on the earth, which makes LiDAR become more and more popular in terrain and land surveying. In particular, LiDAR data offer vital and significant features for land-cover classification which is an important task in many application domains. Aerial photos with LiDAR data were processed with genetic algorithms not only for feature extraction but also for orthographical image. DSM provided by LiDAR reduced the amount of GCPs needed for the regular processing, thus the reason both efficiency and accuracy are highly improved. LiDAR is an acronym for Light Detection and Ranging, which is typically defined as an integration of three technologies into a single system, which is capable of acquiring a data to produce accurate Digital Elevation Models.
Automatic Query Reformulation Using Classification in Web Searching
Authors: Suresh Ralla , Kumar Kurmachalam Ajay
Published: December 2020

The search query is a set of words or phrases a user enters when looking for information on a specific topic or subject. Formulating a search query is a challenging task for most of users because they are required to express their anomalous states of knowledge. In the query reformulation stage, users modify their initial queries and submit new ones that more accurately reflect their information needs. Classification and Prediction are two forms of query analysis that can be used to extract models describing frequently used query classes or to predict the reformulation for the query.. An ideal solution might be that the system automatically generates a concise and informative summary for each perspective of the query. In our approach a model is constructed by analyzing queries described by the frequency of search, query is assumed to belong to a predefined class.
A Fast Haar Classifier based Gesture Recognition using camShift algorithm and Curve Fitting Method
Authors: Agarwal Bhavish Sushiel , Desai Jyoti R , Saha Snehanshu
Published: December 2020

The use of hand gestures opens a wide range of application for human computer interaction. The paper makes use of haar classifiers and camShift algorithm to track the movement of hand. Parallelism is introduced at every step by segmenting the data from camshaft into an NxN grid. Every block of the grid now represents a lead point which is calculated from mean of all the points belonging to the particular grid. Now we have only N2 points to recognize the curve that was performed by the user in his action. Finally the fit that was found is compared to pre-defined curve fit data to find out the curve using Mahalanobis equation. Parallelism used in reducing the number of points to be fitted allows the recognition to be faster.
A Call Admission Control Scheme for Multimedia Support Over IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANs
Authors: S. M. Kauthale
Published: December 2020

These days there is an increasing interest for VoIP over wireless LANs. QoS support for real-time services like voice in the IEEE 802.11 WLAN is an important issue. Since IEEE 802.11 uses contention based MAC protocol – the distributed coordination function DCF, it is difficult to support the strict QoS requirements for voice in these networks. In this thesis a call admission scheme called “CAC” is proposed to achieve this goal, without changing the basic channel access mechanism of IEEE 802.11. CAC scheme regulates the arriving traffic in the wireless network to efficiently coordinate the medium among the contending traffic sources so that the network operates at optimal point, supporting the QoS requirements as well as providing better channel utilization. In this proposal, majority of available bandwidth is allocated to voice sources and remaining small amount is allocated for non real-time data traffic. It is expected that the proposed CAC scheme can well support strict QoS requirements, such as high throughput and low delay at the same time achieve a high channel utilization.
An Approach To Detect The Wormhole Attack In Vehicular Adhoc Networks
Authors: Kaur Harbir , Batish Sanjay , Kakaria Arvind
Published: December 2020

In VANET there is no centralized infrastructure due to which it is vulnerable to various security attacks . One of such attack is wormhole attack, it enables an attacker to capture packets at one location and tunnels them to another location making a wormhole in-between the legitimate nodes of the network. In this paper we proposes a method in which we use decision packets to detect the wormhole nodes in the network and for maintaining the integrity of the packets we compute hash value of each packet. The source node broadcasts the decision packet to all the nodes after receiving the route reply message from the destination node which contains the list of the route forming nodes. The decision packets from the nodes are then evaluated by the destination node based on the hop count value. If the hop count exceeds the threshold value, it means a wormhole is formed between the nodes.
EFFICIENT AND SECURE AUTHENTICATION BY USING 3-PATH TRANSMISSION IN AD HOC NETWORKS
Authors: S VETRI SELVI , HOTHAMAN PURUS
Published: December 2020

Ad hoc networks are created dynamically and maintained by the individual nodes comprising the network. They do not require a pre-existing architecture for communication purposes and do not rely on any form of wired infrastructure; in
an ad hoc network all communication occurs through a wireless median. The design and management of ad-hoc networks is significantly a challenging one when compared to contemporary networks. Authenticating the multicast session is an important one. To authenticate several factors should be considered, major issue are resource constraints and the wireless links. In addition to being resource efficient and robust, security solution must be provides to large group of receivers and to long multi-hop paths. The authentication must be done without much delay and should independent of the other packets. In existing TAM Tired Authentication scheme for Multicast traffic is proposed for ad-hoc networks. It exposed network clustering to reduce the overhead and to improve the scalability. Its two tired hierarchy combines the time and secret information asymmetry to achieve the resource efficiency and scalability. In the proposed system, a Asynchronous authentication scheme as using shared key management is proposed to resolve the foremost conflicting security requirements like group authentication and conditional privacy. The proposed batch verification scheme as a part of the protocol poses a significant reduction within the message delay, then by using shared key process so requirement of the storage management is extremely less.
Scalable Design of Service Discovery Mechanism For Ad-hoc Network Using Wireless Mesh Network
Authors: Ahmad Faiyaz , Khalid Saba
Published: December 2020

Wireless Mesh Network is an emerging technology that allow users to access information and services electronically using service discovery protocol. The seamless connectivity and mobility feature of WMN motivated us in the design of efficient and scalable service discovery scheme that assures certain level of quality of service. The proposed model uses routing clients which communicate with Service Caches to register for services. The gateway nodes discovers quality services by using backbone based distributed directory structure. The proposed model is scalable and reduces discovery overhead, duplicate information dissemination, and energy consumption.
Secure Key Pre-distribution in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Combinatorial Design and Traversal Design Based Key Distribution
Authors: Khalid Saba , Ahmad Faiyaz , Beg Mohd. Rizwan
Published: December 2020

Security is an indispensable concern in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) due to the presence of potential adversaries. For secure communication in infrastructure less sensor nodes various key pre distribution have been proposed. In this paper we have
evaluated various existing deterministic, probabilistic and hybrid type of key pre distribution and dynamic key generation algorithms for distributing pair-wise, group-wise and network-wise keys and we have propose a key pre distribution scheme using deterministic approach based on combinatorial design and traversal design which will improve the resiliency and achieve sufficient level of security in the network. This design can be used where large number of nodes are to be deployed in the WSN.
Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks - A Review
Authors: Joshi Smriti , Jayswal Anant Kr.
Published: December 2020

Energy efficiency is the kernel issue in the designing of wireless sensor network(WSN) MAC protocols. Energy efficiency is a major consideration while designing wireless sensor network nodes. Most sensor network applications require energy autonomy for the complete lifetime of the node, which may span up to several years. These energy constraints require that the system be built such that Wireless sensor networks use battery-operated computing and sensing devices. A network of these devices will collaborate for a common application such as environmental monitoring. Each component consumes minimum possible power, ensure the average successful transmission rate, decrease the data packet average waiting time, and reduce the average energy consumption. Influencing by the design principles of traditional layered protocol stack, current MAC protocol designing for wireless sensor networks (WSN) seldom takes load balance into consideration, which greatly restricts WSN lifetime. As a novel Forwarding Election-based MAC protocol, is presented to prolong WSN lifetime by means of improving energy efficiency and enhancing load balance.