bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forecasting Provincial Government Expenditures in Indonesia using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Nurwita N. , Krisnaldy K. , Virby Shelby , Priyanto Aria Aji , Octovian Reza , Mardiati Dijan , Prasetyo Hendri , Rahim Robbi
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this research is to analyze using artificial neural network techniques in predicting the realization of provincial government spending in Indonesia according to the type of expenditure with Back-Propagation. This research needs to be done because it can be seen from the side of realization of provincial government spending in Indonesia that there can be a surplus and a deficit. Therefore, it is necessary to make predictions as an effort to address this. The data comes from the publication by the Central Statistical Agency of the provincial government of financial statistics (BPS). Financial provincial government data was collected through local government financial surveys from provincial government agencies in Indonesia. The analysis process uses the help of Rapidminer software and is validated with K-Fold values from 2 to 10. The data is divided into training data and testing data. Training data is data from 2016-2018 and testing data is data from 2017-2019. Several architectural models were tested namely '3-2-1; 3-5-1; 3-10-1; 3-5-10-1 'to obtain an accurate prediction by considering the value of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The results of the back-propagation analysis state that the 3-5-1 model is the best model with an RMSE value of 0.027 at k-fold = 9 for training data and an RMSE value of 0.035 for testing data. These results confirm that the back-propagation algorithm can be implemented in this case.
Richard Smith Coxe: Law and Politics in a Maturing Republic
Authors: Bendler Bruce A.
Published: January 2022

Richard Smith Coxe was the descendant of a prominent Burlington, New Jersey, family. He followed in the footsteps of his father, William Coxe, by affiliating with the Federalist Party until its demise after the War of 1812. After manifesting an interest in New Jersey politics early in his career, Coxe left his home state, and its political life, relocating to Washington, DC, where he became a prominent attorney. In the nation’s capital, he specialized in matters of maritime and international law. For a time, he worked closely with fellow New Jerseyan and Secretary of the Navy Samuel Southard. Despite his new focus on a legal career, Coxe remained, to a lesser degree, politically active, supporting the Whig Party, especially Henry Clay and William Henry Harrison. Although his political views were based on Federalist, then Whig, principles, Coxe’s legal career led him, at times, to take exception to those principles. For example, while not overtly supporting war with Mexico in 1846, unlike many Whigs, he saw the claims of clients who had suffered losses because of political and social turbulence in Mexico as justification for more forceful action against that nation.
Beyond the Context of Cultural Confidence: A Study of Communication Competence of the Chinese School
Authors: Tang Hai , Gong Xiaobin , Qi Lihong
Published: January 2022

Chinese animated films such as Monkey King: Hero is Back in 2015, Big Fish & Begonia in 2016 and Ne Zha: I am the Destiny in 2019 won higher box office and they achieved a similar popularity as the Wolf Warriors (2015 and 2017) in China’s film market. Perhaps partially because these animations bring audience a sense of familiarization such as they reveal popular culture and collective beliefs (i.e., “I’m the Destiny” as a slogan) to promote cultural identity. On the other hand, the making of Chinese animated films has been gradually getting mature in narration, adaptation, and creation. Both the production mode and the industrial scope have been formed to compete with Japanese anime and American cartoons. Though there are still many problems in making Chinese animations, Chinese School has been working on interpretating and deconstructing the essence of Chinese culture in their animated works. This attitude also marks Chinese School’s determination to disseminate Chinese culture so as to rebuild its confidence towards the animation world.
The Politics of Accounting Standards: A Comment on Ramanna’s “Unreliable Accounts: How Regulators Fabricate Conceptual Narratives to Diffuse Criticism”
Authors: Vogel Steven K.
Published: January 2022

Karthik Ramanna recounts how the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) dropped “reliability” as a fundamental property of accounting in 2010. He offers two possible explanations for this change: (1) The FASB removed reliability to clarify its conceptual framework, and (2) It sought to reconcile its framework with the growing use of fair-value accounting. Ramanna does not give total victory to one explanation over another, nor does he assign purely public- or private-interest motives to the actors in the story. Yet this very ambiguity tells us a lot about the distinctive politics of accounting and other technical realms of regulation, and exposes some of the shortcomings of more standard interest-group models in political science.
Can local inhomogeneity of the Universe explain the accelerating expansion?
Authors: Turaev Sobir , Nuritdinov Salakhutdin
Published: January 2022

This paper discusses the disordering of the principle of cosmology on a small scale, i.e. the possibility of interpreting the observational data of type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) through the inhomogeneity and anisotropy of the Universe. The expansion of the Universe may appear to be accelerating due to “dark flows”, changes in the wavelength of light passing through “voids” and clusters, or anisotropy. Different sets of cosmological data are also considered without the need for a dark energy component.
Modular peptide binders – development of a predictive technology as alternative for reagent antibodies
Authors: Gisdon Florian J. , Kynast Josef P. , Ayyildiz Merve , Hine Anna V. , Plückthun Andreas , Höcker Birte
Published: January 2022

Current biomedical research and diagnostics critically depend on detection agents for specific recognition and quantification of protein molecules. Monoclonal antibodies have been used for this purpose over decades and facilitated numerous biological and biomedical investigations. Recently, however, it has become apparent that many commercial reagent antibodies lack specificity or do not recognize their target at all. Thus, synthetic alternatives are needed whose complex designs are facilitated by multidisciplinary approaches incorporating experimental protein engineering with computational modeling. Here, we review the status of such an engineering endeavor based on the modular armadillo repeat protein scaffold and discuss challenges in its implementation.
Measurement of engagement in the foreign language classroom and its effect on language achievement: the case of Chinese college EFL students
Authors: Guo Yan , Xu Jinfen , Chen Cong
Published: January 2022

This study developed a comprehensive and domain-specific scale for foreign language classroom engagement (FLCE) and examined the effect of classroom engagement on foreign language achievement. A mixed-methods approach was adopted to gather a broad range of data, including an open-ended questionnaire at the early stage of engagement scale development, the scale itself for pilot study as well as a large-scale survey, and an open-ended questionnaire after the survey to gain further information. A total of 1929 college EFL students across China participated in the large-scale survey. The results revealed that the measurement of FLCE at two levels, one based on the learning context/mode (i.e. individual-based or interaction-based) and the other pertaining to engagement type (i.e. cognitive, behavioral, or emotional), proved to be feasible. While perceiving a moderate level of overall engagement, the students reported significantly higher levels of interaction-based conventional behavioral engagement and individual-based behavioral engagement among the extracted eight facets. Structural equation modelling using English achievement as measured by national proficiency test scores as the dependent variable and the eight engagement dimensions as the independent variables showed an acceptable fit. Among the eight dimensions, only individual-based cognitive engagement significantly predicted the test scores.
Exploring the pseudo-longitudinal development of specific morphosyntactic features and syntactic complexity in CLIL young learners
Authors: Martínez-Adrián María , Nieva-Marroquín María
Published: January 2022

CLIL studies on language specific areas such as morphosyntax are still quite limited, particularly those with young learners. Likewise, the pseudo-evolution of morphosyntactic aspects across age and proficiency deserves particular attention. This paper will fill these gaps by investigating production accuracy and syntactic complexity in two different age/proficiency groups of CLIL primary school learners (grade 4 and 6). In terms of accuracy, L1 Spanish transfer effects associated with the pro-drop parameter (i.e. subject omission and subject-verb inversion), and the third person singular -s morpheme omission will be explored. Syntactic complexity will be operationalised through the production of simple and complex clauses. The findings obtained align with previous research in that the accumulated hours of CLIL + EFL exposure by grade 6 seem to positively affect the development of complexity measures. However, the lack of progress in the case of the rest of the features examined (i.e. subject omission, inversion of the subject and the third person singular -s omission) calls for the incorporation of focus-on-form components in CLIL programmes.
Effect of PCV and attitude on the precise orbit determination of Jason-3 satellite
Authors: Li Kai , Zhou Xuhua , Guo Nannan , Zhou Shanshi
Published: January 2022

Satellite attitude modes and antenna phase center variations have a great influence on the Precise Orbit Determination (POD) of Low Earth Orbit satellites (LEOs). Inaccurate information about spacecraft attitude, phase center offsets and variations in the POD leads to orbital error. The Jason-3 satellite experienced complex attitude modes which are fixed, sinusoidal, ramp-up/down and yaw-flip. Therefore, it is necessary to properly construct the attitude model in the process of POD especially when there is no external attitude data. For the antenna phase center correction, the PCO which is the deviation between Antenna Reference Point (ARP) and Mean Antenna Phase Center (MAPC) usually can be calibrated on the ground accurately, but the PCV which is the deviation between Instantaneous Antenna Phase Center (IAPC) and Mean Antenna Phase Center (MAPC) will change greatly with the change of space environment. Residual approach can be used to estimate the receiver PCV map. In this paper, we collected the on-board GPS data of Jason-3 satellite from January 2019 and analyzed the impacts of PCV and spacecraft attitude on the orbit accuracy by performing the reduced-dynamic POD. Compared with the reference orbit released by the Centre National d’Études Spatiales (CNES), using the PCV map can reduce the Root Mean Square (RMS) of orbit differences in the Radial (R), Along-track (T), Cross-track (N) and 3D direction about 0.3, 1.0, 0.9, and 1.4 mm. Based on the estimated PCV map, the orbit accuracy in R, T, N and 3D direction is 1.24, 2.81, 1.17, and 3.29 cm respectively by using the measured attitude data. When using the attitude model, the orbit accuracy in R, T, N and 3D directions is 1.60, 3.54, 1.33, and 4.13 cm, respectively. The results showed that the combination of measured attitude data and modeled PCV map can obtain the better orbit solution. It is essential to build a corresponding model in high-precision orbit determination, when there is no attitude data and PCV map.
Matrix Analysis for Continuous-Time Markov Chains
Authors: Le Hung V. , Tsatsomeros M. J.
Published: January 2022

Continuous-time Markov chains have transition matrices that vary continuously in time. Classical theory of nonnegative matrices, M-matrices and matrix exponentials is used in the literature to study their dynamics, probability distributions and other stochastic properties. For the benefit of Perron-Frobenius cognoscentes, this theory is surveyed and further adapted to study continuous-time Markov chains on finite state spaces.
A Ni(II) coordination polymer with dual electrochemical functions: synthesis, crystal structure, hydrogen evolution reaction and l-ascorbic acid sensing
Authors: Zhang Geng , Dong Jianping , Li Ruixue , Shen Qinqin , Li Kaiyi , Kong Xiaoxia , Wu Huilu
Published: January 2022

A two-dimensional Ni(II) coordination polymer (NiCP) of the formula {[NiL(terephthalate)(H2O)2]·2H2O}
n
(L = bis(1-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)ether), has been obtained from a solvothermal reaction, and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, and IR and UV/Vis spectra. The coordinated terephthalate anions and the L ligands connect the Ni(II) ions in two directions, resulting in the construction of a corrugated layered structure. The electrochemical properties of a NiCP-CPE composite electrode supported by this coordination polymer were studied. For the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction, the required overpotential of this electrode (NiCP-CPE) is −521 mV when the current density reaches 10 mA cm−2. Compared with the solid carbon paste electrode (sCPE, −976 mV), the smaller overpotential proves effective electrocatalysis of the coordination polymer of the hydrogen evolution reaction. The doped electrode also exhibits high-efficiency in the electrochemical sensing of l-ascorbic acid in water, showing a detection limit of 0.28 μM in a linear range of 0.4–4000 μM.
Opportunities and Traps for Trade Unions in European Employment Policy Initiatives
Authors: Meardi Guglielmo , Burroni Luigi , Keune Maarten , Bellini Andrea , Galetto Manuela , Mori Anna , Payton Noëlle , Scalise Gemma
Published: January 2022

After some promise in the 1990s, European unions have grown increasingly disillusioned with regard to the results of EU social policy and EU social dialogue. The paper analyses the extent and reasons of this disillusion by looking at the impact on social dialogue of the Active Inclusion Recommendation launched by the European Commission at the outset of the economic crisis in 2008. The Recommendation led to a tripartite framework agreement at the EU level in 2010 (the only such agreement in a decade), which was then to be implemented at national and regional levels. With a multilevel governance approach, the paper looks at the extent to which social dialogue on Active Inclusion at the EU level, in six EU countries (France, Italy, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and the UK) and six regions (Rhône-Alpes, Lombardy, Lower Silesia, Catalonia, West Sweden and Greater Manchester) within those countries was somehow revitalised. The analysis, looking at both top-down and bottom-up processes and based on documentary analysis and interviews, shows that the initiative displays ambiguities similar to those of typical composite EU principles, such as famously the case of ‘flexicurity’. The multilevel governance of the EU, including the interaction between ‘soft’ employment policies and evolving ‘hard’ Eurogovernance tools, and with poor horizontal and vertical coordination, resulted in multiple distortions of the principle and, over time, to frustration. Unions’ engagement varies by level, country and region, reflecting both traditional national approaches and the local perception of ‘active inclusion’ as an opportunity. Although trade unions were more welcoming of ‘active inclusion’ than they had been for flexicurity, similar related threats and opportunities led to modest achievements and a gradual fading of the idea at the European and national levels, with some more opportunities however at the regional level. The paper concludes that, if trade unions want to engage with the idea of a European Social Model and with Eurogovernance, they could develop stronger networks among regional organisations.
The Development and Application of a Novel Apparatus for the Freezing Point Test of Soil
Authors: Zhou Yongyi , Zhang Jianjing , Xie Qiang , Yan Shijie , Niu Jiayong
Published: January 2022

The nonuniform freezing of the sample has a considerable influence on the result of the freezing point test. It is associated with the size of samples and called the “size effect.” A novel apparatus based on solid-state cooling technology was developed to solve this problem. A linear freezing mode called the “ramped freezing” (RF) was proposed to replace the “constant freezing” (CF) and provide a uniform freezing condition for the soil sample. The single neuron network was used to dynamically optimize the parameters of the Proportional-Integral-Derivative algorithm and improve the performance of variable temperature control. Freezing tests of water solutions were designed to verify the applicability of this apparatus. Key parameters, such as the freezing point (Tf) and the supercooling point (Ts), could be reflected in the cooling curves. Then, freezing point tests of soils with different freezing modes were carried out. Under the CF condition, the soil sample partly freezes from the surface to the central point. Because the temperature monitored by the sensor is the average value of the sensor-soil interface, the “apparent freezing point” obtained from the sample with CF mode is higher than the actual freezing point. For the sample with RF mode, the latent heat cannot raise the sample temperature to the equilibrium freezing point if the pore water is “hypercooled.” The freezing point will be underestimated in this condition. Two measures, applying an external disturbance on the test box and turning up the set temperature after the release of latent heat, can be adopted to avoid the influence of hypercooling.
Rheological Properties of Derivative Fractions Composed of Aromatics, Resins, and Asphaltenes
Authors: Wang Jiayu , Xiao Feipeng
Published: January 2022

The chemical composition of the asphalt binder determines its rheological and mechanical properties. The objective of this study is to reveal the rheological properties of derivative fractions composed of aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes. First, asphalt binder (pen grade 60/80) was separated into four fractions, and then resins and asphaltenes were doped into aromatics at various contents to fabricate four derivative fractions named AR1, AR2, AAs1, and AAs2. The frequency-temperature sweep was conducted by a dynamic shear rheometer (30∼80°C, 0.01∼20 Hz, and 0.01 % shear strain). The test results showed that with the increase of resins or asphaltenes content, the complex shear modulus increased, the phase angle value reduced, and the glass transition temperature increased, indicating that an increase in polarity led to higher stiffness and elasticity. The separated and derivative fractions in this study have been proved as thermo-rheologically simple materials due to their smooth Black diagram curves and master curves. Saturates with simple aliphatic chains had a constant phase angle value regardless of temperature and frequency. Aromatics, resins, and derivative fractions had a similar Black diagram and master curve shape characterized by a plateau region in the phase angle values. Moreover, the reduced frequency at phase angle plateau shifted from high to low frequency when the asphaltenes content increased.
Effect of Grout Age on Mechanical Behaviors of Grouted Sleeve Connections
Authors: Xiang Huawei , Wang Yutong , Chen Chunlei , Wang Jinfeng
Published: January 2022

In current accelerated bridge construction, grouted sleeve connections are widely used to connect bridge substructures, such as prefabricated piers and abutments. Grouting material age is the main factor affecting the mechanical properties of the sleeve connections, which in turn affects the efficiency of the accelerated bridge construction. On the basis of varyingly aged grout specimens, this article presented an experimental test regarding the influence of grout age on the mechanical properties of grouted sleeve connections. The specimens were loaded on the universal testing machine, and their interior failure mode was analyzed using industrial Computed Tomography (CT) detecting technology, which is a method of examing structures by scanning X rays. The results revealed that the bearing capacity of the 1-day-old grouted sleeve connection can reach the yield strength of the connection bar. After 14 days, the sleeve’s connection strength remained basically stabilized. Moreover, the failure of bonding interface between the bar and the grouting material mainly occurred in grouted sleeve connections. Based on the measured load–displacement data before the bar yield, model parameters related to grout age and the stress-slip model of the bonding interface between bar and the grouting material are presented, which can guide the mechanical analysis and the design of grouted sleeve connections.
Exploring Rata Yakuma: Weaving Dance/Movement Therapy and a Sri Lankan Healing Ritual
Authors: Fargnoli Ashley , Seneviratne Dhanushka
Published: January 2022

In the South Asian nation of Sri Lanka, dance-based rituals that promote healing for physical and psychological illnesses continue to be implemented island-wide. In this article, the Sri Lankan and American coauthors discuss their embodied exploration that resulted from almost two years of onsite collaboration in Sri Lanka, specifically their investigation of the low-country Rata Yakuma ritual performed for women experiencing pregnancy or infertility. We explored its relevance for community and personal wellbeing as well as potential intersections with dance/movement therapy. We discuss our experiences of being self-reflective while learning from each other and practicing cultural humility when adapting movements from ritual practices. Themes of finding strength, stability, sense of home, connecting with nature, increased connection to certain body parts, and shifting emotions all resulted from the collaborative process. The process culminated in a dance film to further express our embodied reflections, which can be viewed here: https://vimeo.com/581258415/5d941344d3.
Mu Opioid Receptors Acutely Regulate Adenosine Signaling in Striatal Glutamate Afferents
Authors: Adhikary Sweta , Jaeckel Elizabeth R. , Birdsong William T.
Published: January 2022

Endogenous adenosine plays a crucial role in maintaining energy homeostasis, and adenosine levels are tightly regulated across neural circuits. In the dorsal medial striatum (DMS), adenosine inhibits neurotransmitter release, but the source and mechanism underlying its accumulation are largely unknown. Opioids also inhibit neurotransmitter release in the DMS and influence adenosine accumulation after prolonged exposure. However, how these two neurotransmitter systems interact acutely is also largely unknown. This study demonstrates that activation of µ opioid receptors, but not δ opioid receptors or κ opioid receptors, inhibits tonic activation of adenosine A1Rs via a cAMP-dependent mechanism in both male and female mice. Further, selectively knocking out µ opioid receptors from thalamic presynaptic terminals and postsynaptic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) revealed that activation of µ opioid receptors on D1R-positive MSNs, but not D2R-positive MSNs, is necessary to inhibit tonic adenosine signaling on presynaptic terminals. Given the role of D1R-positive MSNs in movement and motivated behaviors, these findings reveal a novel mechanism by which these neurons regulate their own synaptic inputs.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUnderstanding interactions between neuromodulatory systems within brain circuits is a fundamental question in neuroscience. The present work uncovers a novel role of opioids in acutely inhibiting adenosine accumulation and subsequent adenosine receptor signaling in the striatum by inhibiting the production of cAMP. Adenosine receptor signaling regulates striatal neurotransmitters, including glutamate, GABA, dopamine, and acetylcholine. Furthermore, interactions between adenosine2Areceptors and numerous other GPCRs, including D2dopamine and CB1cannabinoid receptors, suggest that endogenous adenosine broadly modulates striatal GPCR signaling. Additionally, this work discovered that the source of resting endogenous extracellular adenosine is likely D1, but not D2receptor-positive medium spiny neurons, suggesting that opioid signaling and manipulation of D1R-expressing medium spiny neuron cAMP activity can broadly affect striatal function and behavior.
Elevation of Extracellular Glutamate by Blockade of Astrocyte Glutamate Transporters Inhibits Cocaine Reinforcement in Rats via a NMDA-GluN2B Receptor Mechanism
Authors: Yang Hong-Ju , Hempel Briana J. , Bi Guo-Hua , He Yi , Zhang Hai-Ying , Gardner Eliot L. , Xi Zheng-Xiong
Published: January 2022

It is well established that glutamate plays an important role in drug-induced and cue-induced reinstatement of drug seeking. However, the role of glutamate in drug reward is unclear. In this study, we systemically evaluated the effects of multiple glutamate transporter (GLT) inhibitors on extracellular glutamate and dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), intravenous cocaine self-administration, intracranial brain-stimulation reward (BSR), and reinstatement of cocaine seeking in male and female rats. Among the five GLT inhibitors we tested, TFB-TBOA was the most potent. Microinjections of TFB-TBOA into the NAc, but not the ventral tegmental area (VTA), or dorsal striatum (DS), dose-dependently inhibited cocaine self-administration under fixed-ratio and progressive-ratio (PR) reinforcement schedules, shifted the cocaine dose–response curve downward, and inhibited intracranial BSR. Selective downregulation of astrocytic GLT-1 expression in the NAc by GLT-1 antisense oligonucleotides also inhibited cocaine self-administration. The reduction in cocaine self-administration following TFB-TBOA administration was NMDA GluN2B receptor dependent, and rats self-administering cocaine showed upregulation of GluN2B expression in NAc DA- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein 32 (DARPP-32)-positive medium-spiny neurons (MSNs). In contrast, TFB-TBOA, when locally administered into the NAc, VTA, or ventral pallidum (VP), dose-dependently reinstated cocaine-seeking behavior. Intra-NAc TFB-TBOA-evoked drug-seeking was long-lasting and NMDA/AMPA receptor dependent. These findings, for the first time, indicate that glutamate in the NAc negatively regulates cocaine's rewarding effects, while an excess of glutamate in multiple brain regions can trigger reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIt is well known that glutamate plays an important role in relapse to drug seeking. However, the role of glutamate in drug reward is less clear. Here, we report that TFB-TBOA, a highly potent glutamate transporter (GLT) inhibitor, dose-dependently elevates extracellular glutamate and inhibits cocaine self-administration and brain-stimulation reward (BSR), when administered locally into the nucleus accumbens (NAc), but not other brain regions. Mechanistic assays indicate that cocaine self-administration upregulates NMDA-GluN2B receptor subtype expression in striatal dopaminoceptive neurons and activation of GluN2B by TFB-TBOA-enhanced glutamate inhibits cocaine self-administration. TFB-TBOA also reinstates cocaine-seeking behavior when administered into the NAc, ventral tegmental area (VTA), and ventral pallidum (VP). These findings demonstrate that glutamate differentially regulates cocaine reward versus relapse, reducing cocaine reward, while potentiating relapse to cocaine seeking.
The Spatiotemporal Link of Temporal Expectations: Contextual Temporal Expectation Is Independent of Spatial Attention
Authors: Tal-Perry Noam , Yuval-Greenberg Shlomit
Published: January 2022

Temporal expectation is the ability to construct predictions regarding the timing of events, based on previously experienced temporal regularities of different types. For example, cue-based expectations are constructed when a cue validly indicates when a target is expected to occur. However, in the absence of such cues, expectations can be constructed based on contextual temporal information, including the onset distribution of the event and recent prior experiences, both providing implicit probabilistic information regarding the timing of the event. It was previously suggested that cue-based temporal expectation is exerted via synchronization of spatially specific neural activity at a predictable time of a target, within receptive fields corresponding to the expected location of the target. Here, we tested whether the same theoretical model holds for contextual temporal effects. Participants (n= 40, 25 females) performed a speeded spatial-cuing detection task with two-thirds valid spatial cues. The hazard-rate function of the target was modulated by varying the foreperiod—the interval between the spatial cue and the target—among trials and was manipulated between groups by changing the interval distribution. Reaction times were analyzed using both frequentist and Bayesian generalized linear mixed models, accounting for hazard and sequential effects. Results showed that the effects of contextual temporal structures on reaction times were independent of spatial attention. This suggests that the spatiotemporal mechanisms, thought to account for cue-based expectation, cannot explain other sources of temporal expectations. We conclude that expectations based on contextual structures have different characteristics than cue-based temporal expectation, suggesting reliance on distinct neural mechanisms.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTemporal expectation is the ability to predict an event onset based on temporal regularities. A neurophysiological model suggested that temporal expectation relies on the synchronization of spatially specific neurons whose receptive fields represent the attended location. This model predicts that temporal expectation would be evident solely within the locus of spatial attention. Existing evidence supported this model for expectation based on associations between a temporal cue and a target, but here we show that it cannot account for temporal expectation that is based on contextual information, that is, the distribution of intervals and recent priors. These findings reveal the existence of different predictive mechanisms for cued and contextual temporal predictions, with the former depending on spatial attention and the latter nonspatially specific.
Traditions of family mutual aid in the Cossack Starshyna society (18th century)
Authors: Dziuba Olena
Published: January 2022

The article, based on the analysis of various sources, including epistolary heritage, wills, memoirs, traces the existence in the Cossack Starshyna society of traditions of family aid for orphans. In the scientific historical, ethnographic literature, this topic is poorly studied, the existence of traditions of mutual aid were considered mostly on the example of the peasant environment. The rights of orphans were protected in testaments, and care for them was considered an established norm, the rejection of which provoked public condemnation. The responsibility for the lives of orphans, their upbringing, education, marriage, career advancement was assumed by the older generation, their property rights were governed by applicable law. According to custom, the brothers were to provide the orphaned sisters with a dowry and a maternity leave. The article considers the most typical manifestations of family mutual assistance on the example of information from the family life of famous representatives of the Cossack Starshyna. Care for family members was not limited to caring for orphans, it was provided to those family members who found themselves in a difficult financial situation, had family problems, were ill. Much also depended on the features of individual psychology, but in general, family values, part of which was the care of orphans, determined the basis of daily life.
A Quality Improvement Bundle to Improve Outcomes in Extremely Preterm Infants in the First Week
Authors: Travers Colm P. , Gentle Samuel , Freeman Amelia E. , Nichols Kim , Shukla Vivek V. , Purvis Donna , Dolma Kalsang , Winter Lindy , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Carlo Waldemar A. , Lal Charitharth V.
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVES

Our objective with this quality improvement initiative was to reduce rates of severe intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) or death in the first week after birth among extremely preterm infants.

METHODS

The quality improvement initiative was conducted from April 2014 to September 2020 at the University of Alabama at Birmingham’s NICU. All actively treated inborn extremely preterm infants without congenital anomalies from 22 + 0/7 to 27 + 6/7 weeks’ gestation with a birth weight ≥400 g were included. The primary outcome was severe ICH or death in the first 7 days after birth. Balancing measures included rates of acute kidney injury and spontaneous intestinal perforation. Outcome and process measure data were analyzed by using p-charts.

RESULTS

We studied 820 infants with a mean gestational age of 25 + 3/7 weeks and median birth weight of 744 g. The rate of severe ICH or death in the first week after birth decreased from the baseline rate of 27.4% to 15.0%. The rate of severe ICH decreased from a baseline rate of 16.4% to 10.0%. Special cause variation in the rate of severe ICH or death in the first week after birth was observed corresponding with improvement in carbon dioxide and pH targeting, compliance with delayed cord clamping, and expanded use of indomethacin prophylaxis.

CONCLUSIONS

Implementation of a bundle of evidence-based potentially better practices by using specific electronic order sets was associated with a lower rate of severe ICH or death in the first week among extremely preterm infants.
Hazai felsőoktatási és vállalati együttműködések az Ipar 4.0 szempontjából
Authors: Kiss Éva , Varga György
Published: January 2022

Összefoglaló. A tanulmány azt tárja fel, hogy az iparban zajló
forradalmi változásokra hogyan reagáltak a hazai felsőoktatási intézmények a
kormányzati intézkedések és a vállalati együttműködések tükrében. A szakirodalmi
forrásokra és az oktatási intézményi adatokra, valamint egy vállalati
esettanulmányra alapozva megállapítható, hogy az elmúlt években jelentős
előrelépés történt a felsőoktatási szakemberképzésben, hogy igazodjon az Ipar
4.0 kihívásaihoz. Ezt részben az állami szakpolitikák és főleg a német
vállalatokkal folytatott együttműködések elmélyülése tette lehetővé. Mindezek
hosszabb távon a gazdasági és társadalmi következmények mellett a magyar ipar
területi folyamataira is hatással lehetnek.

Summary. This paper investigates how Hungarian higher education
institutions have responded to revolutionary changes in industry reflecting
government measures and corporate partnerships. Based on the literature and
educational institutional data, as well as a company case study, it can be
concluded that in recent years significant progress has been made in the
training of professionals in higher education in order to be adjusted to the
challenges of Industry 4.0. This was made partly possible by the deepening of
state policies and, in particular, cooperation with German companies. In the
long term, all these can have an impact on the spatial processes of the
Hungarian industry, in addition to economic and social consequences.
A 21. század egyeteme – a száz évre szánt téma sorsa 15 év elteltével
Authors: Hrubos Ildikó
Published: January 2022

Összefoglaló. A 2006-os tanulmány bemutatta azokat a fő
folyamatokat, amelyek meghatározták a felsőoktatási rendszerek helyzetét az
ezredfordulón. A tanulmány gondolati középpontjában a Bologna-reform állt. Jelen
írás azokra a fejleményekre kívánja felhívni a figyelmet, amelyekre a század
első éveiben nem számítottunk, illetve amelyek a vártnál gyorsabban következtek
be, vagy más irányt vettek. A Bologna-reform tekintetében világossá vált,
kezdettől fogva küzd a problémával, hogy két eltérő alapkoncepció vezette az
alapítókat: a föderatív vagy konföderatív Európa képe. Az európai egyetem
„feléledésének” víziója hamar találkozott a vártnál gyorsabban bekövetkező
globalizáció ellenhatásával, új kihívásaival. 2006-ban még nem számított senki a
digitalizáció gyors térnyerésére a gazdaság és a társadalom teljességében, és
ezen belül a felsőoktatásban. Ma úgy tűnik, hogy a 21. század egyetemének
(felsőoktatásának) missziói között dominánssá válik a társadalom közvetlen
szolgálata, aminek teljesítése ismét gyökeresen át fogja alakítani a szektor
aktorainak feladatait, pozícióját.

Summary. The study in 2006 introduced the main processes that
defined the situation of higher education systems at the turn of the millennium.
The central theme of the study was the Bologna-reform. The present work is
intended to call attention to the developments that were not expected in the
first years of this century, and those that occurred faster than expected or
took a different direction. From the aspect of the Bologna-reform, it became
clear that from the beginning it has been struggling with the problem that the
founders were guided by two different primary concepts: the concept of a federal
and confederal Europe. The vision of the “revival” of the European university
was soon faced with the counteraction of globalization progressing faster than
expected, and its new challenges. In 2006 nobody expected this rapid spread of
digitization in the entirety of the economy and society, and within that in
higher education. Today it appears that directly serving society is becoming a
dominant mission of 21st century universities (higher education), fulfilling
which will again fundamentally transform the tasks and positions of the actors
in the sector.
The relevance of the issues of training specialists in geotechnical construction
Authors: Polishchuk A. I , Demchenko V. A
Published: January 2022

Due to the high rate of development of new territories for construction, which often turn out to be difficult in engineering and geological terms, the need for geotechnical construction specialists (geotechnical specialists) is growing. There are practically no specialized educational programs for their preparation in Russia. The formation of specialists for geotechnical construction enterprises is mainly made up of university graduates and employees of the construction industry. In rare cases, there is a re-qualification of specialists from related engineering or scientific activities. Technological progress and introduction of computers significantly contribute to the complexity of engineering solutions, and at the same time increase the requirements for geotechnical specialists. In 2017, in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection, the professional standard 16.131 "Specialist in the design of foundations, foundations, earth and landslide structures, the underground part of capital construction projects" was approved. The standard regulates the labor functions, knowledge, and skills that a geotechnical construction worker must possess. The existence of the standard and the requirements given in it create the need to form a systematic approach to solving the problems of training geotechnical specialists. One of the possible system approaches can be developed on the basis of additional professional education. The training should be carried out both on the basis of advanced training programs and on the basis of professional retraining programs. In general, this will improve the quality of education through the development of specialized educational programs for geotechnical construction specialists.
RATIONALE FOR THE METHOD OF DETERMINING THE DESIGN RESISTANCE OF FOUNDATION SOIL FOR FOUNDATIONS OF RECONSTRUCTED BUILDINGS
Authors: Polishchuk A. I , Gutnyk T. N
Published: January 2022

The methods for determining the parameter of design resistance of foundation soil R for shallow foundations of reconstructed (restorable) buildings built on sandy and clayey soils are considered. It is established that during the long-term operation of buildings and structures such soils are compacted, and their properties usually improve. For the conditions of reconstruction and restoration of buildings, the parameter R is commonly referred to as the design resistance of compacted foundation soil Rup . The known methods of determination of Rup parameter published in works of Russian scientists for the last 50 years (since 1971) have been analyzed by the authors. The most effective among the considered methods is the engineering method (1997) that takes into account not only the improvement of soil properties under the foundations but also their weakening (deterioration) caused by watering of these soils during the period of the buildings operation. This method of determining Rup is based on the recommendations for the calculation of R according to SP 22.13330.2016, which includes additions that take into account the changes in the above soil characteristics. The scope of the method applies to clays, loams and sandy loam from hard to flowable (plastic) consistency. In order to design shallow foundations in various cases of reconstruction and restoration of buildings on sandy and clay soils, it is necessary to further develop the methods of determining the parameter Rup .
ACCOUNT THE INFLUENCE OF DEFORMATIONS FROM PART-TIME WORK OF THE TERRITORY ON THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF BUILDING STRUCTURES
Authors: Pyatkin P. A , Skibin E. G
Published: January 2022

The paper considers the possibility of taking into account the deformations from the part-time work of the territory when calculating buildings in the LIRA-SAPR. The parameters of part-time work deformation have been considered and analysed. The calculation diagrams have been drawn up which take into account the additional deformations of the part-time work at the nodes at the base level of the calculation diagram in addition to the deformations of the ground settlement. Two fundamentally different computational schemes are considered - frame buildings on freestanding columnar foundations and buildings on strip or slab foundations. Calculation algorithms for these schemes for the LIRA-SAPR software package are compiled. The description of calculation schemes operation is given. Difficulties that arise when solving the task are analysed. The results of solving test tasks are given. Transformation of the computational scheme according to the developed algorithm is performed, and results of calculations for the convex and concave forms of undercutting are presented. The calculation results showed that the proposed model of calculating buildings taking into account part-time work.
VERTICALITY OF BOREHOLES
Authors: Melnikov R. V , Pronozin Y. A
Published: January 2022

The study contains the problem of the borehole shape of during drilling. Usage of a drilling bit and tubular or screw rods is traditional and most common drilling methods. The requirement of "verticality" for boreholes in the drilling process is necessary to comply with design solutions and design schemes. At the same time, the actual implementation of this important quality is often very difficult. An analysis of the regulatory documentation is carried out to ensure the requirement during conducting geotechnical investigations, and during installing pile foundations made in the ground: bored piles and continuous flight auger piles (CFA). Data about the researchers in the field of assessing of bending of the pile axis are presented for CFA piles. The article presents the results of field studies of the borehole verticality at two investigation sites. At the first site, a borehole was drilled with a depth of 9.0 m, at the second site, ten boreholes were drilled with a depth of 25.0 m. The spatial position of the boreholes was determined by an inclinometer. The results of the measured verticality deviations of the boreholes are presented on the spatial graph for clear visibility. A conclusion is made about the influence of the borehole shape on its vertical projection during conducting of geotechnical investigations. A series of comparative numerical calculations was performed using the Midas GTS NX program to assess the effect of the verticality deviations of the boreholes during installing bored piles on their bearing capacity. A single pile action in the ground was simulated for the pressing and pulling loads. It is concluded that the shape of the borehole influences on the single pile action in the ground.
Modern Approaches to the Management of Children with Acute Obstructive Laryngitis and Epiglottitis
Authors: Baranov Aleksander A. , Daikhes Nikolay A. , Kozlov Roman S. , Namazova-Baranova Leyla S. , Andreeva Irina V. , Artemova Irina V. , Bakradze Maiya D. , Vishneva Elena A. , Karaseva Mariya S. , Kаrneeva Olga V. , Kim Irina A. , Kovtun Olga P. , Kulichenko Tatiana V. , Lashkova Yulia S. , Zelenkova Irina V. , Novik Gennady A. , Polyakova Anastasia S. , Selimzyanova Lilia R. , Stetsiouk Olga U. , Tatochenko Vladimir K. , Fedoseenko Marina V. , Yakushin Sergey B.
Published: January 2022

Experts of the Union of Pediatricians of Russia have developed modern guidelines on the management of children with acute obstructive laryngitis and epiglottitis. Croup is the most common cause of acute upper respiratory obstruction in children aged from 6 months to 6 years. Usually respiratory viruses are the pathogenic agents of the disease. The etiological factor of epiglottitis is Haemophilus influenzae type b in the vast majority of cases (> 90%). However, nowadays, epiglottitis caused by this pathogen agent is more common in adults in countries with mass immunization against hemophilic infection. This article considers in detail etiology, pathogenesis, and classification issues. Special attention is given to diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and therapy (via evidence-based approach) of acute obstructive laryngitis in children.
Knowledge and Technology Transfer under Digital Conditions: Transfer Intermediaries in Eastern Germany and the Role of Digital Means, Trust and Face-to-Face Interactions
Authors: Noack Anika
Published: January 2022

Even before the corona pandemic broke out in 2020, the role of digitalisation became more and more apparent within Knowledge and Technology Transfer (KTT) processes. Since the pandemic,intermediary organisations that bridge the distance between academia and the world of business to pave the way for successful university-industry linkages have not primarily been able to build on face-to-face-encounters to create those relations. Based on an ongoing research project, this paper examines how digitally mediated communications potentially enhance or limit knowledge and technology transfer that is primarily based on face-to-face interactions.On the one hand, the use of digitally mediated communications seem to foster the spatial expansion of networks, save travel times and costs and foster a special form of social inclusion. University-industry-relations, on the other hand,still rely on a positive evaluation of face-to-face contacts and geographical proximity for trust to develop between heterogeneous partners. Here, actors with bridging functions like transfer scouts are vital in enabling a regular communicative exchange to create commitment, social cohesion and cooperation in digital contexts. Although the relevance of digitalised transfer processes has been increasing over time, an important set of activities, involving face-to-face contacts and co-location, currently still plays a major role for transfer intermediaries in university-industry-relations.