bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE PREVALENCE OF STRABISMUS AND ASSOCIATED REFRACTIVE ERRORS IN SCHOOL CHILDREN IN AKURE SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT ONDO STATE
Authors: BAZUAYE K. N. , ODIGIE O. M. , ANDARIYO D. S.
Published: March 2023

Associations between strabismus and refractive errors have been reported inprevious studies. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence andassociation of strabismus with refractive errors in school aged children between10?16 years. A total sample size of2600 subjects was employed for this study.Routine eye examinations were carried out on the subjects. Unilateral cover test wasused to detect the presence of strabismus while alternate cover test was used formeasurement of the deviation, thereafter objective and subjective refraction wasconducted on the strabismic subjects. Spearman coefficient correlation test wasused to check for relationship between strabismus and refractive errors. Theprevalence of strabismus in this study was 1.92%.The prevalence of esotropia andexotropia was 1.15% and 0.65% respectively, followed by hypertropia with aprevalence of 0.08% and hypotropia with a prevalence of 0.04%. All strabismicchildren (n=50) had refractive errors. The prevalence of astigmatism, hyperopia andmyopia was 1.27%, 0.35% and 0.31% respectively. There was positive correlationbetween strabismus and refractive errors, (P < 0.05 and ?s was 0.63).Theprevalence of strabismus was low in this study. As the dioptric prism power ofstrabismus increased, the dioptric lens power of the refractive error also increased.Proper detection of refractive errors by eye care practitioners is key in themanagement of strabismus as high uncorrected refractive errors could lead todevelopment of strabismus.
PREVALENCE OF IRON DEPLETION IN STORED BLOOD
Authors: OSIME E. O. , ONOBUN P. O.
Published: March 2023

It is the usual practice to bleed donors and store their blood for transfusion purposes. Theaim of this work is to evaluate the depletion of serum iron levels in stored blood. Onehundred blood samples were collected from blood donors at the University of Benin Teachinghospital and analyzed for iron levels, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume andblood cell morphology using standard methods at day 0 (controls) 15 and day 30.The mean ?SEM of iron, hemoglobin and packed cell volume were 17.7 ? 1.01 ?mol/L, 12.9 ? 0.71g/land 39.0 ? 11.20% at day 0 which served as controls. At day 15 serum iron and packed cellvolume were 18.3 ? 2.22?mol/L and 33.20 ? 9.48% .While at day 30 there was a significantdecrease (p<0.05) in PCV, hb concentrations and serum iron. Red cell crenation wasprominent in all the slides viewed at day 15 and day 30 respectively. There are significantchanges in serum iron, PCV and Hb when blood is stored and used within the shelf life of theanticoagulant in use
MICROBIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSES OF STORED GROUND WATER IN THE EKEHUAN CAMPUS, UNIVERSITY OF BENIN, BENIN CITY
Authors: EKUNDAYO E. J. , OBAYAGBONA O. N. , EGHOMWANRE A. F. , OSARENOTOR O.
Published: March 2023

The culturable microbial and physicochemical quality of stored ground water supplied to three hostels, the health center and Optometry clinic at the Ekehuan campus of the University of Benin was evaluated. Routine procedures such as pour plate, multiple tube dilution and usage of appropriate meters such as pH meter and conductivity meter were employed. The mean bacterial and fungal counts ranged from 1.03×105 cfu/ml±1.2 to3.27×105 cfu/ml± 3.1 and 0.9 ×105 cfu/ml ± 2.6 to1.97×105 cfu/ml ± 0.6 respectively. Eight microbial isolates; Klebsiella mobilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella sp., Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus stolonifer were tentatively characterized. The mean pH values ranged from 7.36 ±0.4 to 8.67 ±0.1. It is recommended that the plastic storage tanks should be flushed and washed regularly. This measure would reduce or eradicate the biofilms associated with the interior surfaces of the plastic tanks
EFFECT OF USING DIFFERENT TEST TARGETS FOR NEAR POINT OF CONVERGENCE TEST
Authors: OBAHIAGBON E. A. , ODIGIE O. M. , ARO E. O.
Published: March 2023

Near point of convergence (NPC) is considered as one of the important diagnostic findings in the assessment of convergence insufficiency. Some studies on the Caucasian and Asian population have shown that test targets employed in the measurement of near point of convergence (NPC) can influence its break and recovery values but no previous studies have been done on Nigerian population. The purpose of this study was to help determine the most appropriate test target to use for the assessment of Near point of convergence and to compare the effect of test targets on NPC values in non presbyopes within the age range of 18-35 years and presbyopes of age 38 years and above in a Nigerian population. A total of 60 subjects were divided equally into two groups (non presbyopes and presbyopes). The near point of convergence was measured using four targets in subjects with visual acuity of 6/6 in each eye or better with and without their best correction, N5 at 40 cm and subjects without strabismus and any ocular pathology. Presbyopes were defined by a reading addition of +1.00DS or more in their near correction at 40 cm. The targets used were: a tip of pen, examiner’s index fingertip (accommodative targets) and a penlight and a penlight with red and green lenses (non- accommodative targets). The data collected was analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 and Microsoft excel spread sheet. Comparisons of data were done using paired two-sample Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann- Whitney U. Spearman’s correlation was used to determine the correlations. The results showed that accommodative targets gave less receded NPC values and non- accommodative targets gave more receded NPC values in both presbyopes and non presbyopes groups. Also there was no significant difference in the NPC values between the two groups when compared. It is therefore concluded that accommodative targets are the best targets to use for measurement of near point of convergence
ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF AQUEOUS AND METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACTS OF Lonchocarpus cyanescens IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS
Authors: IYOHA A. I. , ONOAGBE I. O.
Published: March 2023

Lonchocarpus cyanescensis one of the medicinal plants used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Western Nigeria. This study was aimed at evaluating the acute toxicity study aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of Lonchocarpuscyanescens in normal albino rats. Phytochemical screening of the pulverized plant revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, steroids and reducing sugars. The acute toxicity study of both extracts showed no mortality at the highest dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight tested. Thus, the LD50 of both extracts is above 5000 mg/kg an indication that the plant is safe under acute exposure
DETECTION OF POTENTIAL PATHOGENIC BACTERIA IN SELECTED PUBLIC SWIMMING POOLS: PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS
Authors: IGBINOSA I. H. , AIGHEWI I. T.
Published: March 2023

The contamination of recreational waters poses public health risk to users as a result of potential spread of infectious diseases. Hence there is need for continuous monitoring of swimming pools and other recreational waters to mitigate the spread of infections. This study was initiated to investigate the presence of pathogen bacteria of significant public health implications in public swimming pool waters. Water samples were collected from selected public swimming pools in Benin City and transported to the laboratory for microbial analysis. One ml of water sample was spread on the following specific media M endo agar, Chromocult agar and Mannitol Salt agar for the isolation of Total Coliforms Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. Among the 12 swimming pool surveyed and examined, Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 42% (5/12) of samples while E. coli was detected in 67% (8/12) of samples. Coliform was found in 75% (9/12) of the samples. Analysis of respondent questionnaire reveals that 67% (8/12) of swimming pool managers disinfect the swimming pool water weekly while about 17% (2/12) disinfect the swimming pool daily. In general, a range of 2 20 bathers use each pool per day. Also site 6 has the highest number of bathers with bathers ranging from 15 20 bathers per day. The detection of Staphlococcus aureus in the present study suggests poor pool compliance to disinfection standards and poor bathers hygiene. Also, the detection of E.coli and total coliform also indicates fecal contamination or contamination from environmental sources. There is need for incessant monitoring of recreational facilities in order to mitigate the risk of spread of infections in recreational water.
HIGH MORTALITY AND REDUCED OVIPOSITION: EFFICACY OF THE LEAF POWDER OF GREENWAYODENDRON SUAVEOLENS (ENGL. AND DIELS) VERDC. (ANNONACEAE) AGAINST CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS (FAB.) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: ILOBA B. N. , ADETIMEHIN A. D. , UYI O. O.
Published: March 2023

Increasing evidence suggests that the use of synthetic insecticides in controlling stored product pests poses significant threats to human health and food security. Although the use of indigenous plants in the control of stored product pests have been widely suggested, only a few empirical evidence exists on the efficacy of these plant species. This study investigated the efficacy of the leaf powder of an indigenous plant, Greenwayodendron suaveolens (Engl. & Diels.) Verdc. (Annonaceae) against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) infesting stored cowpea. Ten pairs of sexed freshly emerged adults of C. maculatus were exposed to the leaf powder of G. suaveolens at the rates of 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5g/40 g cowpea seeds in plastic containers. Adult beetle mortality was monitored every 24 hours for 7 days. All rates of treatments elicited significant mortality in adult C. maculatus. Results indicated over 80% mortality 7 days after infestation. Beetle mortality increased with increasing period of exposure to the leaf powder. It was observe that 2.5 g of the leaf powder significantly reduced oviposition by 60%. The results suggest that the high adult mortality and the reduction in oviposition rate caused by the leaf powder of G. suaveolens could be attributed to the presence of one or more bioactive compounds as has been documented in other members of the family Annonaceae. Consequently, it is hypothesized that the leaf powder of G. suaveolens can be used as an alternative to conventional insecticides owing to its lack of residual effect, low cost, easy mode of preparation and application
INFLUENCE OF SIMULATED DROUGHT AND SALINITY IN THE PRODUCTION OF PHYTOCHEMICALS IN ACALYPHA WILKESIANA
Authors: ODJEGBA V. J. , AYODEJI A. A.
Published: March 2023

In this study, 3 month old Acalypha wilkesiana plants grown from stem cuttings were exposed to simulated drought and salinity separately to assess the effects of such abiotic factors on the phytochemical production level in this plant. Preliminary study, based on the qualitative analysis, showed the presence of alkaloids, cardial glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and tannins in A. wilkesiana leaves. Results of the quantitative analysis showed that plants under drought and salinity stresses produce lower quantity of alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins while saponin production was increased
HAEMATOLOGY AND PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF NILE TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS REARED ON THE FARM AND FROM THE WILD
Authors: Yusuff A. , Soyinka O. O.
Published: March 2023

The present study was carried out to determine the proximate composition and haematology of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) captured from the wild and those reared on a farm. The haematological parameters for farmed Nile tilapia had a higher level of erythrocytes 6.98 ± 8.28, haemoglobin 10.52 ± 3.09, haematocrit 31.85 ± 20.22 than those of the wild Nile tilapia. The result of the proximate composition showed farmed tilapia having values of protein, fat, carbohydrate and energy higher than the wild stock. However, the wild tilapia had higher values of moisture, ash and crude fibre greater than the farmed tilapia. This suggested that farmed Nile tilapia is better in terms of nutrition and health than the wild Nile tilapia from Lagos Lagoon. The stress posed by anthropogenic activities on the biodiversity of a tropical lagoon as the Lagos Lagoon is further revealed.
PREVALENCE, INTENSITY AND RISK FACTORS OF SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTH INFECTIONS AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SUB URBAN AREAS OF OGUN STATE, NIGERIA.
Authors: Ajibola B. , Hassan A. A.
Published: March 2023

The public health concern for intestinal helminths emphasizes the need for frequent assessment to reduce the burden of diseases particularly soil transmitted helminthiases in school age children. Which threaten their physical and cognitive development, educational attainment and work productivity in later life. The prevalence, intensity and associated risk factors of soil transmitted helminths (STHs) among primary school children in Sub urban area of Ogun State were investigated. Faecal samples from school children aged 5 19 years, enrolled in the study were screened for parasites’ ova/egg and larvae using formol ethyl acetate concentration technique. Out of 517 school children examined, 30.2% harboured Ascaris lumbricoides while 6.2% and 1.2% were infected with hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis respectively. The prevalence and intensity of infection was higher in males (56.6%) than in the females (50.6%) with no significant difference (p>0.05). Prevalence of infections was significantly highest (59.7%) in children aged 5 8years and lowest (40.0%) in age groups 17 19years. Single infection with Ascaris lumbricoides was significantly higher (p<0.05) in age group 5 8years (36.8%) compare to the older age groups (9 12, 13 16, 17 19years) with 32.2%, 16.8% and 0.0% respectively. Co infection of Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm was the commonest (11.6%) multiple infections observed. A significant association between prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides and available water source, parental occupation and sites of defecation was found. The high prevalence of soil transmitted helminths among school age children in this study show the importance of government and non governmental organization intervention and the need for regular educational programme on soil transmitted helminth infections subsequent reduction of transmission risk.
IMPACT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE DUMP SITES ON SOIL PROPERTIESIN AKURE METROPOLIS, ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Ezemonye M. N. , Egharegbemi O. O.
Published: March 2023

This study was designed to assess the impact of solid waste on soil quality in Akure. Four (4) dumpsites and a control site were selected for the study. Three (3) sample collection points were mapped out from the selected dumpsites; at the base of the dumpsite; 20m from the base (to determine the level of contamination within the dumpsite) and 50m away from the dumpsite (to determine the impact on soil away from the dumpsite). Using a soil auger soil samples were collected at depths of 0-15cm (top soil) and 15 30m (sub soil) from each sample collection point and the control site. A total of twenty six (26) soil samples were collected and analyzed in the laboratory. Thirty (30) soil quality parameters which include pH, EC, Fe3+, K+, Zn2+, NO3--, PO43--, Mn2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Organic Carbon,. were determined in the samples.Mean concentration of the physico chemical parameters shows no variation between the various dumpsites and the control site for both the top and sub soil with the exception of Fe3+. Fe3+ content was higher at Igbatoro dumpsite with a mean of 161.91mg/kg as against 36.36, 33.19, 6.34 and 4.96mg/kg for Edema, Orire, Ado dumpsite and control site respectively for the top soil and 105.73mg/kg as against 27.74, 69.28, 36.63 and 4.63mg/kg for Edema, Orire, Ado dumpsite and control site respectively for sub soil.The concentration of Cd2+was highest in Igbatoro dumpsite than the other studied dumpsites and the control for both top soil and sub soil. The ANOVA result revealed that there was no significant variation in soil quality among the dumpsites. The paired wise t test at 95% confidence level) showed no significant difference in the quality of soil between the two depths (0 15cm and 15 30cm) at the selected dumpsites. There is need for the siting of a standard waste management facility and better waste disposal measures taking into consideration the status of Akure as a state capital and a city.
WET SEASON CHLOROPHYLL a, b AND PHAEOPHYTIN a LEVELS IN THE WESTERN LAGOS LAGOON AND ITS CREEKS.
Authors: Onyema I. C. , Elegbeleye O. W. , Akanmu R. T.
Published: March 2023

Algae are known to contain a wide array of pigments that absorb light for photosynthesis and which are useful in measuring primary production levels. In this study, the levels of these algal pigments (Chlorophyll a, b and phaeophytin a) in the Lagos lagoon and adjoining creeks were investigated in relation to water chemistry of the water bodies. Fifteen sampling stations including four of the creeks were investigated for the study. For the creeks, chlorophyll a ranged from 9.6 to 23.3?g/L, chlorophyll b, 0.4 1.1ug/L and phaeophytin a, 1.1 2.9?g/L. For the open lagoon areas chlorophyll a ranged between 8.9 and 11.8?g/L, chlorophyll b, between 0.6 and 1.1ug/L and phaeophytin a between 0.7 and 3.4?g/L. The Pearson correlation co efficient matrix among chlorophyll a, b and phaeophytin a were all positive (r = 0.28 0.35). The positive correlation among all the three algal pigments points to their direct relationship. Chlorophyll a was negatively correlated with salinity. The levels of algal pigments increased as Nitrate (nutrient) and Total Suspended Solids increased, however chlorophyll a was negatively correlated with salinity and was higher in the creeks than the lagoon. Salinity was a limiting factor to algal production in the Lagos lagoon (especially in the wet season) chiefly because most phytoplankton forms at this time were (freshwater forms). Chlorophyll b levels indicated the presence of green algae and euglenoids within the study area. Phaeophytin a also increased with increasing floodwater inputs reflected by its correlation with Nitrate and Total Suspended Solids or detrital materials (r = 0.44, 0.60). The measurement of phytopigment content could also be a useful tool in the establishment of eutrophic levels within within aquatic ecosystems in Nigeria, particularly the Lagos lagoon complex
COMPARATIVE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SEVEN DISINFECTANTS MARKETTED IN LAGOS AGAINST CLINICAL BACTERIA ISOLATES
Authors: Ayolabi C. I. , Adebayo O. M. , Adeniyi B. A.
Published: March 2023

Antimicrobial effects of seven disinfectants were studied against a wide range of clinical bacterial isolates using Agar dilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The active compounds of the disinfectants according to their manufacturer were D1-(Chloroxylenol 4.8% w/v), D2-(Chlorhexidinegluconate 0.3g and Centrimide 3.0% w/v), D3- (Centrimide 3.0% w/v and Chlorhexidinegluconate 0.3g), D4- (Dichloroxylenol 2% w/v), D5- (Sodium hypochlorite 3.85% m/v) and D6- (Halogenated phenol 0.68% and Sodium salicylate 0.052%). The test organisms were clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. The MICs of the disinfectants ranges from 0.003%v/v to 2.5%v/v. This study showed that some of the disinfectants tested have strong bactericidal effect against the clinical bacteria isolates while others were less effective. Results also revealed that D2 which is made of Chlorhexidinegluconate 0.3g and centrimide 3.0% w/v has the greatest antibacterial activity. Likewise, antibacterial effects of the disinfectants are not only dependent on the types of disinfectant but also on their concentrations
THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES ON ALGAL PIGMENT IN THE WESTERN LAGOS LAGOON, NIGERIA
Authors: Onyema I.C. , Omokanye A.
Published: March 2023

Algal pigments areuseful in the estimation of primary production and phytoplankton biomass. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and phaeophytina are notable algal pigments in this regard. Open lagoon are coastal environments known to exhibit continuous environmental gradients daily and seasonally. Algal pigments and environmental variables of the western parts of the Lagos Lagoon were investigated for six month at seven stations (November, 2015 April, 2016). The environmental indices reflected seasonal changes related to rainfall distribution pattern and tidal sea water incursion. Air temperature (25 35?C), water temperature (26 32.5?C), total dissolved total (656 19611.31 mg/L), dissolved oxygen (4.15 6.83 mg/L), transparency (22.5and 135cm), pH (6.73 7.59), salinity (23.24‰) and calcium (4.69258.17mg/L) recorded increased values in the dry than wet season. On the other hand biological oxygen demand (1 4mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (4 18mg/L), total suspended solids (1 38mg/L), nitrate (0.19 12.85mg/L),copper (0.0020.004mg/L), zinc (0.01 and 0.057) and cadmium (0.0006 0.0018mg/L) recorded higher values in the wet season. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and pheophytinavalues were higher in the dry season. Notable correlation coefficient (r) was recorded between chlorophyll a and nitrate (r = 0.73, p< 0.05), phosphate (r = 0.82, p< 0.01), chemical oxygen demand (r = 0.35, p< 0.01), biochemical oxygen demand (r = 0.22, p<0.01)and copper (r = --.387, p<0.01). On another hand correlation between chlorophyll b and rainfall (r = 0.62, p< 0.01), pH (r = 0.31, p< 0.05), zinc (r = 0.44, p<0.05), manganese (r = 0.36, p< 0.05) and cadmium (r = 0.33, p< 0.05)were noteworthy.Furthermore phaeophytina showed a correlated relationship with rainfall (r = 0.39, p<0.01), dissolved oxygen (r = 0.31, p<0.05) and cadmium(r= 0.36, p<0.05). Recorded chlorophyll a values place the western Lagos Lagoon between the mesotrophic and eutrophic status. Increasing nitrate (nutrient) levels coupled with the reduced rainfall events led to the development of more algal cells (phytoplankton) thus higher algal pigments level within the western Lagos lagoon ecosystem.
Hyperspectral imaging for the assessment and monitoring of lower limb perfusion in vascular patients
Authors:   Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Division of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland., L Wuarin , D Mugnai ,   Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Division of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland., J Diaper ,   Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Division of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland., C Huber ,   Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Division of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland., N Murith ,   Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Division of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
Published: March 2023

Acute lower-limb ischemia after abdominal aortic surgery is rare but potentially limb- threatening. Thus, prompt diagnosis and management are paramount. Only early identification and rapid correction might prevent ischemia-related complications.
Malignant mesothelioma: Cytological features
Authors:   Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Japan., Okimura Akira
Published: March 2023

A malignant mesothelioma arises from the serosal surface of the pleural, peritoneal, or pericardial cavity. Although rare, with development of diagnostic techniques, the frequency of this tumor has been increasing. Malignant mesothelioma is classified into three types; epithelioid, sarcomatoid, and biphasic. It is especially important to differentiate epithelioid type from reactive mesothelial cells and another type of carcinoma, with a definitive diagnosis usually obtained based on examination of tissue biopsy or surgical resection specimens.
Non-uniform Illumination Face Recognition Method Based on Improved MobileNetV1
Authors: Tian-Tian Chen Tian-Tian Chen , Tian-Tian Chen Guo-Jun Lin , Guo-Jun Lin Hong-Jie Zhang , Hong-Jie Zhang Hong-Rong Jing , Hong-Rong Jing Shun-Yong Zhou
Published: March 2023

Under ideal illumination conditions, the existing face recognition algorithms can obtain better recognition results. However, under non-uniform illumination conditions, the performance of the face recognition algorithm will be greatly reduced. Moreover, the common facial image classification models have low precision and speed. To address these problems, this paper proposes a non-uniform illumination face recognition method based on the improved MobileNetV1, and constructs a lightweight feature extraction network with MobileNetV1 as the core. To reduce the influence of non-uniform illumination on the face image, we use the MSRCR algorithm to preprocess the face image. A lightweight I-MobileNet model is proposed. We introduce the attention module into the MobileNetV1 model, which enhances the feature extraction capability of the network and improves the recognition performance. At the same time, the model parameters are optimized with Arcface loss function to increase the distance between classes and reduce the distance within classes. Compared with the original MobileNetV1 model, our method shows a significant improvement in recognition accuracy. In comparison with other network models, experiments conducted on the Extended Yale B dataset with the I-MobileNet model demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.

 
Research on The Interaction and Correction Strategy of Building Completion Information for Digital Twin
Authors: Nan-Ni Bi Nan-Ni Bi
Published: March 2023

BIM is the core of construction information technology in the current construction industry, and also the main information means in the whole construction cycle, however, BIM has many defects in practical application. The lack of building completion information in the BIM model and the current lag of building information are the main reasons for restricting the intellectualization and digitalization of the construction industry, Thus, the building construction stage is not smooth, and the later operation and maintenance are difficult. Therefore, by referring to the reverse engineering technology of manufacturing industry, this paper expands the building information into real-time and accurate building information by means of Digital twin technology, and reversely guides the construction, operation and maintenance of buildings. Finally, the effectiveness of the strategy discussed in this paper is proved by the actual case analysis.

 
Development of Problem-Based Comic Book as Learning Media for Improving Primary School Students’ Critical Thinking Ability
Authors: Yonanda Devi Afriyuni , Yuliati Yuyu , Saputra Dudu Suhandi
Published: March 2023

This research is motivated by the lack of teachers' ability to use media related to the students environment as teaching materials to develop primary school students' critical thinking ability. The research aims at developing problem-based learning media (PBL) using comic book in order to improve students' critical thinking ability. The research employed a research and development design using the experimental research design with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of the research were 28 fourth-grade students in one of primary schools in Indramayu Regency. The research produced a product in the form of problem-based comic media developed based on the needs of teachers and students. The subject material in the comic book contained problems that occurred in the real environment within the students. Based on the validation tests carried out by material experts, media experts and practitioners, the results revealed that the product was included in the “Very Valid” category. While, the practicality test results revealed that the product was included in the “Very Practical”.
IMPACT OF PUBLIC DEBT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR IN KENYA: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF LITERATURE.
Authors: Dr. Chesoli  , Wafula Joshua
Published: March 2023

The main purpose of this paper was to review the literature on the how public debt components influence economic growth in the public sector. The specific objectives of the review were to identify trends in published literature on public debt components and economic growth in the public sector; identify major conflicts and or inconsistencies in theory, concepts, methodology, findings and conclusions; identify the gaps and flaws in research within the context of public debt components and economic growth; and build propositions based on identified thematic areas. Literature on public debt components adopted to influence economic growth in the public sector was collected and analyzedfrom secondary sources. These sources included books, research publications, academic publications and journals. The general trend focused on public debt components that are important in influencing economic growth in the public sector.  Major conflicts in theory, concepts and methodology were identified and documented.  The gaps revealed that majority of publications reviewed were not grounded in theory for their studies. The literature too revealed a lack of agreement on the overall impact of public debt components on economic growth. A conceptual gap was noted in which all the research publications ignored the impact of intervening variables on the relationship between the predictor variables and the output variables. Also most publications considered public debt components as first order constructs, leaving a gap on what type public debt components to guide and help prioritization of the components during adoption and none of the reviewed studies has investigated the influence of a moderating variable on the relationship between the public debt components and economic growth. From the reviewed literature, the study findings led to the following prepositions: To examine the effect internal and external debts on economic growth in the public sector; To assess the impact of Productive and unproductive Debt on economic growth in the public sector; To evaluate the effect of Compulsory and Voluntary Debt on economic growth in the public sector; To assess the impact of Redeemable and Irredeemable Debt on economic growth in the public sector. This study recommends further research to compare and ascertain the strength of the relationship between the thematic areas and economic growth in the public sector; further research is also required to establish the influence of public debt on economic growth in the public sector.  Another area that requires further research according to the reviewed literature is on assigning weights to public debt components to assist the country.
THE INFLUENCE OF WORKPLACE SPIRITUALITY TO PSYCHOLOGY CAPITAL IN TAIWAN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
Authors: Chen Ming-Chia
Published: March 2023

Catering practitioners are different from other industry employees. They don’t have two days off on weekdays, and their salaries are lower than other industry. In addition, their competitive pressures higher, staffs lost quickly. So, they often work overtime, and cause great impact on their body and mind. Thus, the purpose of the study is to help solve problem of brain drain, then help some hotels to reduce labor costs. Make hospitality practitioners understand their own mental health, in order to achieve better efficiency. This paper use questionnaire survey method, then throwing a questionnaire to top 300 hospitality companies, and returned 1428 effective questionnaires with the effective returned rate of 47.63%. The results show that workplace spirituality has a very high degree of relationship to psychology capital among hospitality industry’s employees.
SILICON PHOTOMULTIPLIER CURRENT AND PROSPECTIVE APPLICATIONS IN BIOLOGICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL PHOTONICS
Authors: Stagliano Marialisa , D’Errico Francesco , Abegão Luis , Chierici Andrea
Published: March 2023

The detection of low-intensity light is a crucial issue in many aspects of science and technology. So far, the solution has involved extremely delicate and somewhat bulky devices, the photomultiplier tubes, providing high sensitivity but suffering from fragility and susceptibility to interference. The silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) is a solid-state photon detector that provides a new solution for a wide range of photometry applications in fields as diverse as medicine, biology, environmental science, chemistry, physics, and nuclear physics. SiPMs are on a par with conventional photomultiplier tubes (PMT) in terms of internal gain and photon detection efficiency, while they are undoubtedly superior in terms of mechanical robustness, compact size, electronic stability, low power consumption, and affordability. Our group has long been involved in ionizing radiation measurements based on light emitting sensors both for industrial nuclear technology applications and for hybrid diagnostic imaging techniques. In both cases, SiPMs offer the unquestionable advantages described in this review.
Prescribing Pattern of Ampicillin and Cloxacillin: Sensitivity and Responsiveness in Pneumonia
Authors: Haleema Shah  , Uzma Bibi  , Zul Kamal  , Muhammad Esa  , Muhammad Naeem  , Saleh Ahmad  , Muhammad Shafique
Published: March 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is now a global pandemic and a future threat to the existence of many clinical antibiotics. The excessive overuse in fisheries, poultries, and dairy farms and its irrational prescribing practices are the key factors that lead us to AMR explosions. The current main research objective is to evaluate the empirical practices of ampicillin along with cloxacillin, which are one of the running antibiotics in clinical practices, in most of the tertiary care hospitals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. In this study, the prescribing attitude, sensitivity and responsiveness of these two combinatory antibiotics (ampicillin-cloxacillin) in pediatric/adult pneumonia patients were evaluated in one of the public sector tertiary care hospitals in Mardan. Retrospective data was collected from pediatric ward A and medical A ward (adult), among which a total of n= 90 patient’s prescriptions were evaluated for prescribing practices, WHO core indicators, polypharmacy as well as responsiveness and sensitivity of ampicillin and cloxacillin from hospital longevity. The ampicillin responsiveness was sorted out among all those patients that stayed for a long time in the hospital, and during which the antibiotic therapies were switched from time to time. A total of n= 90 pneumonia patients (40 % & 60 % female) cases were evaluated for ampicillin/cloxacillin (combination) hospital stay longevity and responsiveness. 46 % of patients were under the age of 1–20 years, whereas 31 % were adults between the age of 61–80 years. WHO indicators revealed, that in the prescribed medications (n=918 drugs total, among n=90 patients) 22.33 % of antibiotics were prescribed, where 31.37 % consisted of injectables. Among the antibiotics classes, 17 % of pneumonia patients received penicillin, among which 26.25 % were ampicillin + cloxacillin in the prescribing practices. Ampicillin + cloxacillin responsiveness in pneumonia patients was recorded from the hospital stay and longevity (days) of the patients during their empirical therapy. 46.98 % of pneumonia patients recovered within three days, whereas 40.96 % of patients recovered within six days with ampicillin + cloxacillin (combination therapy). While 10.84 % were stabilized within nine days, though, some patients (1.20 %), recovered after 12 days with ampicillin/cloxacillin (combination therapy). Thus, it may be concluded from the current studies, that the decrease in responsiveness to ampicillin/cloxacillin (combination therapy) and the increase in the hospital longevity of patients, may be an indication of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pneumonia patients. Though the studies are limited to a very specific number of patients, as well as only to the hospital longevity (stay) parameters of the patients in a tertiary care hospital. These studies should be subjected further to more extensive vigilant research.
Caracterización clínica y epidemiológica del síndrome nefrótico en pacientes de 2 a 12 años de edad
Authors: Naranjo Suárez Dra. Kelly , Vásquez Monteros Dr. Alberto
Published: March 2023

La Sociedad de España de Pediatría (SEP), define al síndrome nefrótico (SN) como una de las glomerulopatías primaria más frecuente en pacientes pediátricos que se caracteriza por presentar proteínas en orina mayor de 40 mg/m2/h, hipoalbuminemia menor de 2.5 g/dl y edema, acompañada de otros síntomas como hipercolesterolemia, hipertensión arterial, hematuria y oliguria. Siendo la principal característica clínica el edema, el SN agrupa una serie de glomerulopatías donde existen lesiones en los podocitos, alterando la permeabilidad selectiva de la barrera de filtración glomerular causando el paso de las proteínas.
Objetivo: Establecer las características clínicas y epidemiológicas en pacientes diagnosticados con síndrome nefrótico en el Hospital del niño “Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante”.
Método: El presente trabajo de investigación es de enfoque cuantitativo tipo no experimental de corte transversal, retrospectivo con una muestra de 362 pacientes con diagnóstico de SN en el Hospital del niño “Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante” en el periodo de tiempo 2017 – 2020.
EFECTIVIDAD DEL CIERRE FARMACOLÓGICO DEL DUCTUS ARTERIOSO PERSISTENTE EN NEONATOS
Authors: Estupiñan Chamorro. Martha Estupiñan Chamorro. , Villacrez Huertas. Harold
Published: March 2023

El ductus arterioso permeable (DAP) es la cardiopatía congénita que se presenta con mayor frecuencia en recién nacidos, generando un cortocircuito significativo que generalmente necesita su interrupción mediante administración de fármacos; en el país se estima que cerca de 2500 niños nacen cada año con cardiopatías congénitas. Objetivo general: Determinar la eficacia del cierre farmacológico del ductus arterioso persistente en neonatos en el Hospital Francisco Icaza Bustamante entre el año 2016-2019. Materiales y métodos: Se trata de una investigación cuantitativa y descriptiva de diseño no experimental de corte transversal retrospectiva de tipo analítico. Resultados: De 199 pacientes neonatos tomados con diagnóstico de DAP, el 82% (163 pacientes) tuvo éxito en el cierre del ductus con fármacos vs el 18% (36 pacientes) sin éxito ante el cierre farmacológico; 169 neonatos (84%) fueron tratados con paracetamol frente a 30 pacientes (15%) que fueron tratados con ibuprofeno; se presentaron complicaciones asociadas a los fármacos en un 18% (36 pacientes). Conclusiones: Habiendo desarrollado y finalizado esta investigación, se demuestra que el tratamiento farmacológico para ductus arterioso persistente es altamente efectivo, siendo el paracetamol el fármaco más usado en la actualidad y con una mínima tasa de complicaciones.
Evaluación de la ausencia de recidiva de la hernia incisional abdominal con malla de propileno
Authors: Cruz Velasco Dr. Alex Darlin
Published: March 2023

El uso de malla quirúrgica sintética se ha convertido en el estándar de reparación de la hernia, pero hasta ahora la aplicación de mallas no parece haber reducido el riesgo de recurrencia mientras que se cree que solo la retrasaría.
Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia a largo plazo (5 años) de la hernioplastia con malla de polipropileno en pacientes con hernia incisional intervenidos en el Hospital “Abel Gillbert Pontón”.
Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, observacional longitudinal, retrospectivo, no experimental en el que se incluyeron pacientes consecutivos con hernia incisional en quienes se realizó hernioplastia con malla de polipropileno, 45 casos sin recidiva y 34 con recidiva, atendidos en el hospital Abel Gilbert en Guayaquil – Ecuador, entre 2005 y 2015. El análisis estadístico se efectuó con tablas actuariales y de mortalidad.
Resultados: el primer año, la tasa de no recidiva es del 100%, al tercer año es de 98% y el quinto año se es del 65%. La tasa acumulada a 5 años es del 40% a los 5 años. Las complicaciones se produjeron con mayor frecuencia en pacientes que recidivaron (23.5% vs 2,2%; P 0,06). La presencia de factores de riesgo se asoció significativamente con la presencia de recidiva (70,6% vs. 37,8%; P 0.021).
Conclusiones: El porcentaje de no recidiva a 5 años en pacientes con hernia incisional sometidos a hernioplastia con malla de polipropileno es baja.
Complicaciones post-operatorias
Authors: Moncayo Asnalema Dr. Fernando
Published: March 2023

La complicación postoperatoria es un problema grave, difícil para el cirujano. Son factores de mal pronóstico (factores de riesgo): edad mayor de 65 años, números de cirugías (más de dos), peritonitis generalizada, desnutrición, shock, y falla orgánica múltiples.
Los índices de gravedad (factores pronósticos), permiten cuantificar y predecir el riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad según parámetros fisiológico analítico o clínico, su aplicación es una forma válida y rigurosa para medir la probabilidad de complicaciones y mortalidad postoperatoria.
El objetivo es determinar los factores pronósticos (factores de riesgo) de mortalidad en pacientes con complicaciones postoperatorias.
Resultados.- Con el propósito de determinar la morbilidad y mortalidad, se realizó un estudio retrospectivo y observacional con 184 pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente en el servicio de cirugía del hospital Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón. De los 184 expedientes revisados 62 pacientes (34%) necesitaron re intervención quirúrgica. La mortalidad general de los casos fue del 15% y la de los casos reintervenidos 9,7%.
Eficacia de la técnica BAGUA frente al Bypass Gástrico en Y de Roux como tratamiento de la Obesidad y la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, en el Hospital “Abel Gilbert Pontón”, período 2015 a 2019
Authors: España Mera Dr. Juan Francisco
Published: March 2023

Antecedentes: La obesidad asociada a diabetes es una afección potencialmente mortal. Actualmente, la cirugía representa una opción terapéutica eficaz y duradera para tratarla, siendo el bypass gástrico el procedimiento estándar, demostrando un efecto significativo en la pérdida ponderal y en la resolución de diabetes.
Objetivo: Comparar resultados que demuestren la eficacia de cada técnica del bypass gástrico en el hospital ¨Abel Gílbert Pontón¨, enfocando los beneficios, complicaciones y evolución de cada grupo.
Metodología: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, analítico, comparativo y longitudinal, realizado en el Hospital Abel Gílbert Pontón, durante el período 2015-2019. La población estuvo conformada por pacientes con diagnóstico de obesidad  y  diabetes mellitus tipo 2 sometidos a bypass gástrico. 
Resultados: Se analizaron 76 pacientes, de los cuales 46 se sometieron a BAGUA y 30 a BGYR. Al comparar la pérdida de peso, no se observó diferencia significativa en ninguno de los tiempos de seguimiento (3, 6 y 12 meses), pero se evidenció diferencias significativas sobre el tiempo quirúrgico, estancia hospitalaria, e ingreso a UCI, a favor de BAGUA. Se evidenció mayor remisión de diabetes mellitus para el BAGUA. El BGYR estuvo más relacionado con complicaciones (sangrado, fuga anastomótica y reoperación). No hubo diferencia en la presencia de reflujo biliar gastroesofágico. Falleció un paciente (1,32%), el cual había sido intervenido mediante BGYR.
Conclusiones: BAGUA es un procedimiento eficaz  para la pérdida de peso, con iguales o mejores beneficios que BGYR, y posee mayor efectividad en remisión de diabetes mellitus; además, es más seguro, con menor morbilidad y menos reoperación.
Impacto del síndrome Burnout en el servicio de cirugía general, traumatología, ginecología y neurocirugía del Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón durante el 2019
Authors: Caicedo Castro Dr. José Efraín
Published: March 2023

En el siglo XXI donde nos desenvolvemos con avances tecnológicos avanzados donde es imposible estar desconectados y no llevar trabajo a casa, haciendo que las jornadas de trabajos sean prolongadas, hacen de esto el ambiente ideal para que aparezca el síndrome de Burnout, que es considerado por la organización mundial de la salud en el año 2000 como una entidad capaz de perturbar la salud de los trabajadores.
Metodología: Se realizó un trabajo retrospectivo y observacional, a realizarse en los cirujanos de los departamentos de cirugía general, Traumatología, Neurocirugía y Ginecología, que laboran en el hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón. Se utilizó el inventario Maslach Burnout Inventory versión Human Services Survey en español, que mide cansancio emocional, despersonalización, y baja realización profesional.
Resultados: El agotamiento emocional fue más frecuente en el 50% de los cirujanos generales entrevistados, la despersonalización estuvo presente en el 58,5% de los neurocirujanos, la baja realización profesional se presentó en todos los traumatólogos entrevistados.
Conclusiones: Varios factores influyen para que la presencia del síndrome de burnout esté presente en los profesionales encuestado, el factor más frecuente es el número de horas que se trabaja a la semana, el atender paciente en área de emergencia parece ser un factor influyente.
GANGRENA DE FOURNIER COMPLICADA, EN HOSPITAL DE TERCER NIVEL
Authors: CRUZ JORDÁN. VANESA , MONCAYO ANASLEMA FERNANDO , BELTRAN ALEJANDRO MARCIA
Published: March 2023

Es un proceso infeccioso potencialmente fatal, súbito, progresiva, de etiología multibacteriana, pero de baja virulencia (E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Staphylococco, clostridium, bacteroides, fusobacterium, etc) que provoca afección de tejido celular subcutáneo, fascias y piel (fascitis necrotizante) de la región perineal y genitales.  Es poco frecuente pero su condición se incrementa en pacientes inmunocomprometidos, diabetes (disminución de fagocitosis y quimiotaxis), neoplasias, alcoholismo, insuficiencia renal, desnutrición, obesidad, terapias crónicas con corticoides, donde las bacterias se vuelven muy agresivas y destructivas de tejidos, llegando a provoca cuadro sistémico como shock séptico que compromete la vida.
El origen por lo común es un absceso perianal, fistulas anales, lesiones rectales, hemorroides, o ligaduras de hemorroides, ulceras por presión, episiotomía en las mujeres, bartolinitis, etc. 
El presente trabajo incluyó 4 casos para su análisis. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 56 años de edad (rango de 33 – 83 años), 4 pacientes tenían algún antecedente patológico personal. Entre  los  factores  de  riesgo  que  presentaban fue la diabetes mellitus todos 4 pacientes; de estos 1 con cáncer anal en quimioterapia, 1 con obesidad mórbida, hipertensión con insuficiencia respiratoria restrictiva, 1 con hernia inguino escrotal encarcelada  más insuficiencia renal crónica y doble amputación de extremidades inferiores (imposibilidad para la deambulación) y  1 con ruptura de uretra traumática por sondaje más insuficiencia renal crónica y ecv con imposibilidad para la deambulación.
Oblitoma Abdominal, hablemos de un caso
Authors: Navarrete Rosado Dra. Priscila , Trujillo Pionce Dr. Luis
Published: March 2023

Palabra del latín, oblitum u olvidado; se dice da un cuerpo extraño olvidado en el interior de un paciente durante una intervención quirúrgica (Real academia española de la lengua), se puede detectar tres tipos de repuesta: granulomatosa encapsulada, absceso con exudado inflamatorio, doloroso y que migre através del intestino a su lumen. Aunque es un evento afortunadamente infrecuente, los cuerpos extraños intra-abdominal siguen presentándose a pesar de las precauciones que se hayan tomado; no solo tiene implicación sobre la salud del paciente sino también médico-legal.
En nuestro caso en discusión se trata de un paciente que fue intervenido de forma de emergencia en estado de shock hipovolémico, en hora de madrugada, con un gran sangrado y utilización de muchas compresas durante el acto quirúrgico, es decir con muchos criterios para presentarse este tipo de evento adverso.
La prevención está basada en el conteo del material quirúrgico antes de la intervención quirúrgica y después de la misma, si este conteo no es exacto debe de volverse explorar manualmente el sitio de la intervención (cavidades) o la exploración radiológica.