bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A highly stable and efficient organic microcavity polariton laser
Authors: Witt Julia , Mischok Andreas , Le Roux Florian , Gather Malte C.
Published: March 2024

With their remarkably low thresholds, organic polariton lasers are a promising alternative to organic photonic lasers. However, device stability remains a challenge, in part due to material degradation during deposition of the top dielectric mirror. We demonstrate polariton lasers based on 4,4′-Bis(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)styryl)biphenyl (BSBCz) as active material that achieve a low lasing threshold of 8.7 μJ/cm2, and we show that a ZrO2 protection layer between active layer and top mirror significantly improves stability. Optimized devices exhibit minimal degradation after 100,000 excitation pulses at 3.8 times above threshold. Our findings establish BSBCz as an attractive candidate for future injection driven polariton lasers.

Graphical abstract
Butter Tarts in North America
Authors: Gillman Gary
Published: March 2024

This paper discusses both the Canadian and US histories pertaining to the butter tart, and also examine some pertinent UK history. ‘Iconic’ is a much-abused term, but butter tarts in Canada deserve the tribute. Newspaper and other documentary sources are consulted.
The Author, the Bookseller and the Courr Case
Authors: Benjamin Sarah
Published: March 2024

This is the story of English cookery book author Maria Rundell and her complicated relationship with bookseller John Murray. It is also the story of how recipes for Scotch eggs, oyster soup and seed cake became the stuff of disputed ownership and how cookery books and recipes came to be valued as copyright.
Finding Stilton
Authors: Boermans Mary-Anne
Published: March 2024

An investigation into the origins of Stilton, and in particular, the rapid rise of its fame by the 1720s -- seemingly out of the blue -- but traceable to one particular household manuscript.
Analisis Fatwa Jabatan Mufti Wilayah Persekutuan Malaysia Irsyad Al-Fatwa Ke 94 dengan Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor 6 Tahun 2009 Tentang Otopsi Jenazah
Authors: Hamdani Mohd Asrul , Syafa’at Abdul Kholiq
Published: March 2024

Autopsy is still unacceptable in the Islamic community. It is considered an act that hurts and destroys a corpse and also against Islamic law. The problem in this research is how the legal istinbāṭ method of autopsy for bodies according to the position of the 94th Mufti of the Malaysian Alliance Region Ersyad Al-Fatwa and the Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulama Council Number 6 of 2009 and how to compare the Position of the Mufti of the Malaysian Alliance Region, Irsyad Al-Fatwa 94 with the Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council on legal istinbāṭ for autopsy bodies? This study is comparative study. The results, the Malaysian Association of Territory Mufti has determined that initially, it is legal to carry out an autopsy of a corpse to be permissible. Then it is legal to autopsy a body based on certain circumstances. The Indonesian Ulama Council also enforces the law on the autopsy of bodies as it must be based on certain circumstances. In a situation where a corpse autopsy is performed in order to save a still-living fetus in the womb of the corpse, it is mandatory.
Dirasah Muqaranah al-Madhahib ‘an Ahkam al-Nikah
Authors: Sofyan Abdullah Muhammad
Published: March 2024

This is a brief study of some of the provisions relating to marriage. Marriage is the only legitimate means of reproduction and reproduction. Islam has been keen on the permanence and stability of this legitimate relationship and, therefore, prescribed the khutbah before the contract, as it is how the two parties get to know their respective life partners in terms of morals, natures and forms. The jurists may consider the fiancé to the fiancée to the extent permitted by Sharia. He has a repetition of consideration so that they are sure of their matter, either to end with the desired result of the sermon, which is marriage or to amend the sermon and annul it. If the sermon ends with what is desired from marriage, the jurists agree that the formula, the offer and acceptance, is a pillar of marriage. They differed in what is only the formula, such as the mandate. For example, some of the pillars and others counted it from others. They also agreed that the dowry is not a pillar or a condition but a duty to pay. A woman is a gift decided by God Almighty as her dignity. There is no limit for more, except that it is enacted to leave exaggeration in it and no limit to at least according to the Shafi'is and Hanbalis. Guardianship in marriage is a pillar for the public, except for the Ahnaf. The mandate is of two types: compulsory and choice mandates. Holding a feast is a Sunnah for those who can do it in the audience, and it is obligatory for some Malikis and Shafi'is.
Keywords: Marriage, the four schools of thought, jurisprudence.
 
الملخص: إن هذه دراسة موجزة في بعض الأحكام المتعلقة بالنكاح. فالنكاح هو الوسيلة الوحيدة المشروعة للتوالد والتكاثر. وقد حرص الإسلام على ديمومة هذه العلاقة المشروعة واستقرارها، ولذا شرع الخطبة قبل العقد، فهي الوسيلة التي يتعرف بها الطرفان كل على شريك حياته، من ناحية الأخلاق والطبائع والأشكال. وجوز الفقهاء نظر الخاطب إلى المخطوبة، بالقدر الذي أباحه الشرع. وله تكرير النظر ولها أيضا كذلك، حتى يكونا على يقين من أمرهما، فإما أن تنتهي بالنتيجة المرجوة من الخطبة وهي النكاح وإما أن يعدل عن الخطبة فيفسخها، وإذا ما انتهت الخطبة بما يرجى منها وهي النكاح، فالفقهاء متفقون على أن الصيغة وهي الإيجاب والقبول ركن من أركان النكاح، واختلفوا فيما سوى الصيغة كالولاية مثلا فعدها البعض من الأركان وعدها البعض الأخر من غيرها، واتفقوا كذلك في أن المهر ليس بركن ولا بشرط، وهو واجب تدفع للمرأة عطية قررها الله سبحانه كرامة لها، ولا حد لأكثر إلا أنه يسن ترك المغالاة فيه وكذلك لا حد لأقله عند الشافعية والحنابلة. والولاية في النكاح ركن عند الجمهور سوى الأحناف. والولاية نوعان ولاية إجبار وولاية اختيار. وإقامة الوليمة سنة للقادر عليها عند الجمهور، وواجبة عند بعض المالكية والشافعية.
كلمات مفتاحية: النكاح، المذاهب الأربعة، الفقه.
Komparasi Pemikiran Wahbah Zuhaili dan Musdah Mulia tentang Penyelesaian Nusyuz
Authors: Rahmayanti Nurvita , Ulya Zakiyatul
Published: March 2024

bstract: Marriage is a legal bond between a man and a woman as husband and wife to form a prosperous and happy family. Not infrequently, domestic life is not always harmonious; differences of opinion cause fights and even blame each other. Each partner has rights and obligations that must be carried out according to applicable regulations. If they violate these provisions, it can be said to be nusyuz. Wahbah Zuhaili and Musdah Mulia have different opinions regarding the concept and completion of nusyuz. This study aims to discover the concept and completion of nusyuz according to Wahbah Zuhaili and Musdah Mulia. The research method used by the researcher is Library Research or literature study. The differences in opinion between Wahbah Zuhaili and Musdah Mulia focused on several aspects, one of which was the completion of nusyuz at the final stage and also the meaning of waḍribūhunna in verse An-Nisa' verse 34. In addition to differences, both of them also have similarities of opinion such as nusyuz can be done by the wife or husband.
Keywords: Musdah Mulia, Nusyuz, Wahbah Zuhaili.
Abstrak: Pernikahan adalah suatu ikatan yang sah antara laki-laki dan perempuan sebagai suami istri untuk membentuk sebuah keluarga yang sejahtera dan bahagia. Tak jarang dalam kehidupan rumah tangga tidak selalu harmonis dan terjadi pertengkaran yang disebabkan perbedaan pendapat bahkan menyalahkan satu sama lain. Setiap pasangan memiliki hak dan kewajiban yang harus dilaksanakan sesuai peraturan yang berlaku, jika melanggar ketentuan tersebut maka hal tersebut dapat dikatakan sebagai nusyuz. Wahbah Zuhaili dan Musdah Mulia memiliki perbedaan pendapat mengenai konsep serta penyelesaian nusyuz. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana konsep dan penyelesaian nusyuz menurut Wahbah Zuhaili dan Musdah Mulia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti yaitu Library Research atau studi pustaka. Perbedaan pendapat Wahbah Zuhaili dan Musdah Mulia terfokus pada beberapa aspek salah satunya penyelesaian nusyuz pada tahap akhir dan juga makna tentang waḍribūhunna dalam ayat An-Nisa’ ayat 34. Selain perbedaan, keduanya juga memiliki persamaan pendapat seperti nusyuz dapat dilakukan pihak istri maupun suami.
Kata Kunci: Musdah Mulia, Nusyuz, Wahbah Zuhaili.
Penggunaan Masker ketika Shalat Berjamaah sebagai Upaya Meminimalisir Penyebaran Covid-19 menurut Majelis Ulama Indonesia
Authors: Pratama Calvin , Jinan Roihul , Muharram Thoriq Zahir
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This article discusses the  Use of Masks During Congregational Prayers as an Effort to Minimize the Spread of Covid-19 According to the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) of Belu Regency and South Central Timor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara.  This research uses a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach, where this research seeks to tell problem solving based on data in the field. Research data are collected through observation, interviews, and literature review, and then analyzed with descriptive analysis techniques. The results of the study concluded that the law on the use of masks during congregational prayers as an effort to minimize the spread of Covid-19 according to the MUI of Belu Regency and SouthCentral Timor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, there are similarities, namely allowed and legal prayers, because there are celebrations or urgent needs that if not implemented, it is feared that the spread of the Covid-19 virus will spread. The difference is in the legal basis that is used as the legal basis, the MUI of Belu Regency makes hadith and rules of jurisprudence as the legal basis, while the MUI of South Central Timor Regency makes the Qur'an and the rules of jurisprudence as the legal basis.
Keywords: mask, prayer, law, MUI.
Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas tentang Penggunaan Masker Ketika Shalat Berjamaah Sebagai Upaya Meminimalisir Penyebaran Covid-19 Menurut Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) Kabupaten Belu Dan Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, di mana penelitian ini berusaha untuk menuturkan pemecahan masalah berdasarkan data-data di lapangan. Data penelitian dihimpun melalui observasi, wawancara, dan telaah pustaka, dan selanjutnya dianalisis dengan teknik deskriptif analisis. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa, hukum penggunaan masker ketika shalat berjamaah sebagai upaya meminimalisir penyebaran Covid-19 menurut MUI Kabupaten Belu dan Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan, Nusa Tenggara Timur terdapat kesamaan yaitu diperbolehkan dan sah shalatnya, sebab adanya hajat atau kebutuhan mendesak yang apabila tidak dilaksanakan maka dikhawatirkan akan tersebarnya virus Covid-19. Adapun perbedaannya terdapat dalam dasar hukum yang dijadikan sebagai landasan hukum, MUI Kabupaten Belu jadikan hadis dan kaidah fikih sebagai dasar hukum, sedangkan MUI Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan jadikan Al-qur’an dan kaidah fikih sebagai dasar hukum.
Kata Kunci: masker, shalat, hukum, MUI.
Tindak Pidana Teror oleh Kreditur Pinjaman Online kepada Debitur menurut Fiqh Jinayah
Authors: Wardah Zahrotul , Sufi Aqillasalsabila  , Azzahrah Tush Shakira
Published: March 2024

Abstract: At this time, many people are tempted by online loans because of the easy way. Many online loans are illegal and often terrorize borrowers in collecting loans. Therefore, this article discusses the criminal act of terror by online loan lenders to debtors according to positive law and Islamic law. This research is normative legal research with data collection through literature studies. The collected data is analyzed descriptively. This study concludes that the criminal act of terror by illegal online loan lenders is a criminal offence in accordance with Article 29 in Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions, which is an act of sending information containing threats of violence or scare. Such violations may be punishable by imprisonment for a maximum of 4 (four) years and/or a maximum fine of Rp750,000,000.00 (seven hundred and fifty million rupiah), as stipulated in Article 45B of the ITE Law. In Islamic criminal law, the criminal act of terror by online loan creditors to debtors is an act of jarimah ta'zir. In this case, the action is condemned in Islam, and the perpetrator can be punished with ta'zir, a punishment handed over to ulil amri or judges. The ta'zir punishment can be based on Article 29 of the ITE Law.
Keywords: Online loan, law, fiqh jinayah, ta'zir.
Abstrak: Pada saat ini banyak masyarakat yang tergiur dengan pinjaman online, karena caranya yang mudah. Padahal, banyak pinjaman online yang ilegal dan sering meneror peminjam dalam menagih pinjaman. Karena itu, artikel ini membahas tentang tindak pidana teror oleh kreditur pinjaman online kepada debitur menurut hukum positif dan hukum Islam. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui studi literatur. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa tindak pidana teror oleh kreditur pinjaman online ilegal merupakan tindak pidana yang sesuai dengan Pasal 29 dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, yaitu suatu tindakan mengirim informasi berisi ancaman kekerasan atau menakut-nakuti. Pelanggaran tersebut dapat dikenai pidana penjara paling lama 4 (empat) tahun dan/ atau denda paling banyak Rp750.000.000,00 (tujuh ratus lima puluh juta rupiah), sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 45B UU ITE. Dalam hukum pidana Islam, tindak pidana teror oleh kreditur pinjaman online kepada debitur merupakan tindakan jarimah ta’zir. Dalam hal ini, tindakan tersebut dikecam dalam Islam dan pelaku bisa dihukum dengan hukuman ta’zir, yakni hukuman yang diserahkan kepada ulil amri atau hakim. Hukuman ta’zir tersebut bisa didasarkan pada Pasal 29 Undang-undang ITE.
Kata Kunci : Pinjaman online, hukum, Undang-undang, fiqh jinayah, ta’zir.
Kekerasan Seksual di Pesantren Perspektif Gender
Authors: Fauz Rawendra Ahmad
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Violence is an action, attitude, or structure that triggers damage to its victims, both physical and non-physical damage that results in not achieving complete human competence. Violence has very diverse forms and properties, one of which is sexual harassment. Violence. Sexual violence can occur anywhere, no matter the educational institution, office, public place, or even the safest place such as Islamic boarding schools. Many cases of violence in pesantren are not revealed because of threats received by victims from the perpetrator, victims feel ashamed if they tell the truth, fear of being viewed obliquely by society, bring down the good name of the family, and many other reasons. Some violence prevention actions that Islamic boarding schools can carry out include frequent raids on mobile phones and social media belonging to students or students, conducting various studies on the boundaries that must be maintained between men and women, and so on.
Keywords: Violence, women, children, pesantren.
Keywords: Violence, Women, Children, Violent objects
Abstrak: Kekerasan merupakan suatu tindakan, sikap, ataupun struktur yang menjadi pemicu terjadinya kerusakan pada korbannya, baik kerusakan fisik, maupun nonfisik yang berakibat tidak tercapainya kompetensi manusia secara utuh. Kekerasan memiliki bentuk dan sifat yang sangat beragam, salah satunya yaitu pelecehan seksual. Kekerasan. kekerasan seksual dapat terjadi dimana saja, tidak peduli lembaga pendidikan, kantor, tempat umum, atau bahkan tempat yang dianggap paling aman seperti pondok pesantren sekalipun. Banyak kasus kekerasan di pesantren yang tidak terungkap karena adanya ancaman yang diterima oleh korban dari sang pelaku, korban merasa malu jika mengatakan yang sebenarnya, takut dipandang miring oleh masyarakat, menjatuhkan nama baik keluarga, dan masih banyak lagi alasan lainnya. Beberapa tindak pencegahan kekerasan yang dapat dilakukan oleh lembaga pesantren di antaranya yaitu sering mengadakan razia terhadap handphone dan media sosial milik para santri atau pelajar, melakukan berbagai kajian mengenai batasan yang harus dijaga antara laki-laki dan perempuan, dan lain sebagainya.
Kata kunci: Kekerasan, perempuan, anak, pesantren.
Optimization of anaerobic digestion through automatic control with neural networks: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Vides-Herrera Carlos Arturo , Pardo-García Aldo , Cabello-Eras Juan Jose , Ospino-Castro Adalberto José
Published: March 2024

The present work was carried out with the objective of presenting the current importance of work related to the optimization of anaerobic digesters using artificial neural networks. A scientometric methodological approach was used for a systematic review of the publications indexed in Scopus until 2023. The H index was used to evaluate the visibility and impact of the journals, authors, countries, and institutions with the highest levels of production and recognition in the field of study. This review also allowed us to analyze the interaction between groups and knowledge networks with the authors and institutions identified in the classification. The results show a significant increase in the number of publications between the years 1973 and 2023, which allow us to characterize on a scale the main dimensions of research, development and innovation related to the study of optimization methods of anaerobic biodigesters for the production of biogas from different waste such as that from the palm oil extraction process. The results show a significant increase in the number of publications between 2016 and 2023, a total of 2847 documents were found, where 95.64% are in English. The country that presents the most publications on the topic is China with a contribution of 19.28%, followed by the United States with 9.8%, India with 7.2% and Spain with 6.2% among others.
The design solution of the hotel in Sochi, taking into account the seismic hazard of the area
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia, Kostin А. D. , Ananin M. Yu. ,   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
Published: March 2024

The article provides an analysis of the experience of building construction in earth-quake-prone areas. The analysis of analogues of hotel complexes built in areas with high seismic activity in different countries is carried out. The features of spatial planning, architec-tural and structural solutions of buildings, the choice of structural material, and the nodes of their connections are revealed. The article contains an analysis of the features of the urban planning situation in the city of Sochi and the relief of the construction site, as well as accept-ed design proposals for the spatial planning and architectural design of the hotel complex building. A part of the antiseismic measures used in the design of a hotel in a seismic active area in the city of Sochi is presented. During the development of the project, calculations were performed for the strength, reliability and durability of the building structures, the stages of construction and others that meet the requirements of current standards. The resultsof the calculations performed showed the reliability of the operation of the building and its struc-tures. The constructive decisions taken are clearly illustrated. It is shown due to which con-structive measures the reliability of the building operation has been achieved.
Review of modular construction in Russia: trends, tasks, prospects
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia, Davydov N. S. , Yamov V. I. ,   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
Published: March 2024

Construction throughout the world is one of the most important sectors of the economy. Thestate's interest in modular construction technology is constantly growing. This paper examines the issues of using modular products in modern housing construction, such as forms of using prefabricated parts and the problems of their use in modern housing construction, and trends in the construction market. The author also formulated possible prospects for this technology in Russia. The subject of the study is modular solutions and their trends in construction. A study was carried out of the regulatory framework, which is not ready for the use of such technology –regulatory documents in the field of modular construction have not been approved. The author of the work reviewed the use of modular technology in construction, identified the directions of development and tasks of this construction industry. Ways of development and improvement are proposed to increase the popularity of the use of modular construction in our country.
Функциональное развитие общественного воспроизводства
Authors: Бондаренко Валентина
Published: March 2024

В работе вводятся в научный оборот такие понятия как: функциональное развитие, функциональные свойства сохранения и обновления, фаза общественного воспроизводства. Конкретизированы представления о механизме действия основного экономического закона при построении гармоничного общества (в отличие от раннего социализма). Сформулирован общий закон функционального развития, определены функциональное предназначение различных форм общественного воспроизводства, функциональная специфика экономического развития при капитализме и при построении гармоничного общества, логика золотого сечения функционального развития как необходимой и возможной становой основы процесса гармоничного общественного воспроизводства. Эта работа может быть интересна экономистам, преподавателям политической экономии, философам, физикам-теоретикам, информатикам, а также другим читателям, знакомых с теорией марксизма и непредвзято осмысливающих новые общественные явления современного мира.
Организация и прохождение практик по направлению подготовки 38.04.04 Государственное и муниципальное управление. Программа «Цифровой город». Часть 2.
Authors: Романова Оксана , Барашкова Клавдия
Published: March 2024

Учебно-методическое пособие разработано в соответствии с требованиями Федерального Государственного образовательного стандарта высшего образования по направлению подготовки 38.04.04 Государственное и муниципального управление и учебным планом. Предназначено для студентов, обучающихся по программе магистратуры «Цифровой город».
SURVEY ON SELECTED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROPULSION PROJECTS IN GERMANY DURING THE LAST 40 YEARS
Authors: Naumann Karl Wieland
Published: March 2024

The paper provides a personal journey along the development of propulsion technology for space and tactical applications, and for test facilities. Activities on liquid propulsion started with research on plumes of hydrazine thrusters. Extensive work was carried out for the development of gelled propellant technology for rockets and gas generators. The objective is to create rocket motors and gas generators using storable propellant with minimum hazard potential. These activities cover over 20 years from basic research to technology development and verification. Highlights are the demonstration of a controllable gelled propellant rocket motor by a free-flight missile test, and the static demonstration of a highly controllable divert-and-attitude control system. Activities on solid propulsion cover various types of solid rocket motors for different applications. A focus is set on double pulse motors and on high-performance/ hypervelocity solid rocket motors and a throttleable ducted rocket for a hypersonic interceptor concept. A related topic is solid propellant gas generators for various applications. Specific technologies are solid propellant impulse thrusters and gas dynamic systems for missiles and test facilities. Basic research topics are insensitive munition technology, qualification of solid propellants for in-orbit propulsion, and high-performance solid propellants with a substitute of ammonium perchlorate. Activities on gas propulsion cover external combustion for projectile control and ram acceleration technology.
Static lateral pile analysis of Dubai sedimentary rock in UAE
Authors: Mughieda Omer , Alzaylaie Marwan , Alzo’ubi Abdel Kareem , Vandanapu Ramesh , Sharma Akash
Published: March 2024

Analysis and calculation of lateral pile load capacities using appropriate methods is a challenging task for geotechnical engineers. Primarily, piles in Dubai, UAE, are rock fully socketed with top strata of medium dense to dense silty sand or sedimentary rock resisting lateral loads. In this study, the results of two field pile lateral load tests were chosen for examining different methods used by local geotechnical engineers, where ground lithology constitutes fragile sandstone up to ∼8 m below ground level overlying extremely weak conglomerate/siltstone. Assessing the efficacy of design parameters and analysis methodology is a pivotal aspect in preliminary evaluation of the lateral load capacity of piles. In this research, two commonly adopted approaches (non-linear p–y analysis using the LPile software and finite-element analysis using the Plaxis 3D software) were assessed by comparing them with field test results to predict the lateral load capacity precisely. Design parameters were based on borehole data and laboratory tests near the test location. Even though finite-element analysis predicted better than non-linear p–y analysis, lateral load capacities were underestimated in both piles analysed, which was related to assessment of input parameters. In addition, finite-element analysis was used to back-calculate the elastic modulus of rock that yields lateral deflections of piles close to field test results.
Resultado Econômico: Um Novo Paradigma na Administração Pública
Authors: Slomski Valmor
Published: March 2024

Este artigo avalia o desempenho económico de uma escola pública municipal, tal como faz a firma por meio da demonstração do resultado do exercício, valendo-se de um modelo de demonstração do resultado económico, onde os gestores das entidades públicas são avaliados por meio de uma demonstraçãode resultados que evidencie lucro ou prejuízo, diferentemente das demonstrações contábeis preconizadas na Lei 4.320/64, que apresentam, apenas superávit ou déficit, que por si só, são incapazes de diminuir a assimetria informacional, entre o Estado e a Sociedade.
Interrelation of Academic Procrastination and Educational Motivation of Students at the Initial Stage of Study at the University
Authors: Nikulina Tatyana , Gulyaeva Anastasia , Kantsyba Valentina
Published: March 2024

The paper outlines the results of an empirical study, the task of which was to study the relationship between the factors of academic procrastination and educational motivation. The relevance of this study is related to the search for individual psychological reasons for the decline in students' academic performance at the initial stage of study at the university. In the theoretical generalization of the presented problems, the solution of the tasks of finding answers to the question is indicated, which, in addition to motivating students to study, there are factors that affect the success of mastering professional knowledge in a higher educational institution. The authors consider motivational phenomena that contribute to the formation of the competencies of the future psychologist of performance. The results of the study show that the motivational sphere of students of a higher educational institution at the initial stage of education, including needs, interests, goals, incentives, motives, inclinations, attitudes, does not depend on the procrastination factors as a whole, since this quality is a feature of a single personality. The practical significance of the study lies in the need to develop recommendations for taking into account the possible relationship between procrastination and learning motivation in a number of students, which can be used by teachers and psychologists in their work on adapting first-year students to study at a university.
Juvenile Delinquency: Current Trends and Measures to Prevent It
Authors: Minster Marina , Kuznetsova Margarita
Published: March 2024

The article examines the specific features, signs of modern juvenile delinquency and measures to prevent it in the problematic aspect. Based on the analysis of the legislation of the Russian Federation, the opinion of the scientific community and statistical data for the period from 2016 to January 2023, the results of the survey of employees of investigative bodies and questionnaires of persons released from places of isolation, the following conclusions are made. The criminal orientation of minors is more often formed in dysfunctional families, and access to various sites on the Internet increases their activity. The recidivism of minors does not decrease, and the youth subculture "A.U.E." has a negative impact on this process, which spreads its criminal attitudes and prevents the minimization of this social phenomenon. In order to optimize measures to prevent juvenile delinquency, it is necessary to create conditions for increasing the prestige of the family, training specialists who are able to work effectively with children who demonstrate deviant behavior. It is important to monitor the processes of formation and development of criminal subcultures for their research and positive impact on them. An improved set of measures to prepare for release from an educational colony and the provision of post-penitentiary assistance can significantly affect the reduction in the level of recidivism of minors.
Application to Transaction-Like Actions and Legal Actions of the Rules on Transactions
Authors: Titov Evgeniy
Published: March 2024

Determining the legal nature of any legal action currently causes significant difficulties — there is no consensus among lawyers either regarding the types of legal actions or the classification criteria for their differentiation. To overcome this, a comprehensive and complete analysis of specific types of legal actions is required, including from the point of view of the applicability of specific legal norms to such actions. This article analyzes the possibility of applying the norms on transactions to transaction-like actions (by the example of confessions, notifications, claims), as well as to legal actions (by the example of creating a work of art, finding, discovering a treasure, creating a thing). The conclusion is made about the applicability of most of the legal norms governing transactions to transaction-like actions and the inapplicability of the norms on transactions to legal actions. This method of research (an inductive comparison of certain types of actions in terms of the applicability of the rules governing other actions to them) also made it possible to conclude the legal nature of transaction-like actions and legal actions. It has been found that transaction-like actions are a kind of legal acts, and legal actions are opposed to legal acts. When determining the legal nature of a specific legal action, it is recommended to take into account the possibility of applying the rules on transactions, which can be conditionally divided into rules on form, conventionality and invalidity.
Scientist and Mentor: To the 90th Anniversary of Professor A.D. Ayushiev
Authors: Ageeva Evgeniya , Kislitsyna Larisa , Urbanaev Leonid , Shchukina Tatyana
Published: March 2024

The article is dedicated to the anniversary of the Doctor of Economics, Professor of Baikal State University A.D. Ayushiev (1933–2009), widely known not only to compatriots, but also to colleagues from Mongolia. The role of Professor A.D. Ayushiev as a scientist and mentor was determined. For readers, an acquaintance is made with the biography of the hero of the day, with the results of his scientific and pedagogical activities. For contemporaries, the main scientific and educational and methodological works are presented. The study highlights the scientist's contribution to the development of financial thought. A description of the professor's scientific school is given. We looked at the material on the titles and awards of the hero of the day. The authors pay special attention to the role of A.D. Ayushiev as a mentor, which he was for many generations of graduates. The present time, characterized by the development of science and the transition of society to a new stage of development, imposes increased requirements of modern society on the teacher. This means that at the same time the contribution of the teacher to the development of society itself is also increasing. Being a significant part of it, together with society, experiencing all evolutionary changes, the teacher implements the social mission of the mentor, which is not limited to the functions of an ordinary employee. Since being a mentor is a high mission and tireless work of the soul, the main purpose of which is to form a person, to create the possibility of affirming a person. This is an endless test of wisdom and patience, professional skill and human extraordinary. This is fully confirmed by the period of work of A.D. Ayushiev presented in this article with students, teachers and graduates as head of the Department of Finance and Dean of the Faculty of Finance and Economics.
I. Mironov: a Prisoner of Auschwitz, an Associate of D. Karbyshev, a Teacher at the Irkutsk Financial and Economic Institute
Authors: Shalak Alexander
Published: March 2024

The article explores the main milestones in the biography of I.A. Mironov. Based on methodological approaches and methodological tools of the historical discipline of biography, the main stages of his scientific and pedagogical activity are analyzed. The fact of personal acquaintance and cooperation of I.A. Mironov with D.M. Karbyshev in captivity. Since there are only a few memories of its participants from the documentary evidence of the organization of the resistance in Auschwitz, the introduction of new facts can be considered an important contribution to the study of this topic. Simultaneously conducted microhistorical research is another important page in the vast chronicle of the Great Patriotic War. Particular attention is paid to the period of work of I.A. Mironov at the Irkutsk Financial and Economic Institute. The source basis for the study was documents from the personal archive of E.G. Zinkov, personal file of I.A. Mironov from the archive of the Baikal State University, as well as documents from the state archive of the Irkutsk region.
Revised description of the blueberry bud mite, Acalitus vaccinii (Acari: Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae), and a key to all Eriophyoidea on Vaccinium
Authors: Ngubane-Ndhlovu Nompumelelo , Dhanani Isabel , Roets Francois , Saccaggi Davina
Published: March 2024

In 2014 the blueberry bud mite, Acalitus vaccinii (Acari: Trombidformes: Eriophyidae), was detected in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa for the first time causing significant damage to cultivated blueberries. This was the first detection of this pest outside of North America, to which it is native. However, its taxonomic description at that time lacked critical detail and omitted characters and life stages important for easy and accurate identification. Using an integrative taxonomic approach, we combined phase contrast light microscopy with low-temperature SEM and DNA barcoding data to revise the description of A. vaccinii using South African specimens. Additional characters not included in previous descriptions but reported here are the h1 (accessory) setae, leg I & II u’ (mesal) setae, and leg II bv (femoral) setae. Detailed descriptions and measurements of all life stages are included, along with a discussion of morphological variation and biology. Two DNA sequences of common barcode regions (nuclear and mitochondrial) are provided to further aid in identification. In addition, a key to all known species of eriophyoid mites present on Vaccinium is provided.
Mouse sample collection for metabolomics studies v1
Authors: Hecke Morais Livia
Published: March 2024

Protocol used in the Mazmanian lab for collecting brain and gut tissues and plasma from mouse for metabolomics
Analisis keterampilan komunikasi peserta didik dalam pembelajaran fisika SMA di Yogyakarta
Authors: Yoranika Renita , Perdana Riki
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this research is to find out how communication skills are used in physics learning for class X students in Yogyakarta. The research method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. The ordinal data for filling out the questionnaire was changed using the successive interval analysis method with the help of Microsoft Excel. Data were analyzed by calculating using the average and standard deviation. The results of data analysis show that students' communication skills in physics learning are in the medium category. There were 3 students with high communication skills category, 26 students with medium communication skills category, and 4 students with low communication skills category. The average score of all indicators is in the category of both oral and written communication skills. Therefore, students' communication skills, both oral and written, still need to be improved
Gaziantep’te Yaşayan Suriyeli Mülteci ve Türk Ebeveynlerin Kapsayıcı Eğitim Bağlamında Okul Öncesi Öğretmenlerinden Beklentileri
Authors: Öncel Gül , Akgül Esra
Published: March 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı, çok kültürlü bir eğitim ortamında yer alan hem Suriyeli mülteci hem de Türk çocukların ebeveynlerinin; okul öncesi öğretmenlerinden kapsayıcı eğitim bağlamında neler beklediklerini karşılaştırmalı olarak ortaya koymaktır. Bu çalışma nitel araştırma desenlerinden fenomenoloji çalışması olarak tasarlanmıştır. Görüşme tekniği kullanılarak yapılan bu araştırmada, okul öncesi eğitim çağında çocuğu olan Suriyeli mülteci ve Türk ebeveynlerin kapsayıcı eğitim bağlamında öğretmenlerden beklentilerine yönelik görüşleri incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu kartopu örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen ve Gaziantep şehir merkezinde yaşayan 10 Türk ebeveyn ve 10 Suriyeli mülteci ebeveyn olmak üzere toplam 20 ebeveyn oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın sonucunda Türk uyruklu ve Suriye uyruklu ebeveynlerin beklentilerinin bazı noktalarda örtüştüğü görülürken, bazı durumlarda ise ayrıştığı tespit edilmiştir. Ebeveynlerin öğretmenlerden beklentilerine bakıldığında Suriyeli mülteci ebeveynlerin daha çok dil ile ilgili; Türk ebeveynlerin ise daha çok öğretmenin duyuşsal özellikleri ile ilgili beklentilerinin olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
The Evolution of Government Intervention in the Mediterranean Media System: Spain, France, and Portugal
Authors: Fernández-Viso Ana , Fernández-Alonso Isabel
Published: March 2024

Based on the comparative analysis of the three Western media system models distinguished by Daniel Hallin and Paolo Mancini (2004), this article revisits their thesis of a tendency towards the convergence of the Mediterranean model and the Liberal model—in terms of the weakening of links between media institutions and the political sphere—two decades after it was first posited. By studying the degree and nature of state intervention in the media systems of Spain, France, and Portugal in the 21st century, the aim is to ascertain whether, within a context of growing political polarisation and shrinking journalistic industry income, the distinctive characteristics of the role of the state in the Mediterranean model remain the same or have changed—and in what sense. The contextualised analysis of Spanish, French, and Portuguese policies relating to public service media, independent audiovisual media regulatory bodies, media subsidies, and state advertising on the one hand allows us to question whether state intervention in Mediterranean media systems has weakened, thereby reaffirming the thesis of the importance of nation-states in media governance and the relevance of the comparative study of national media systems in the era of digital globalisation. And, on the other hand, it enables continuities, discontinuities, and differences between the three countries to be identified in relation to the logic of clientelism that Hallin and Mancini observed in their media policies in 2004, as well as some initial elements for their interpretation to be noted.
Politicisation Persists and Is Increasing in European Public Service Media in the Digital Society
Authors: Fernández-Lombao Tania , Blasco-Blasco Olga , Campos Freire Francisco
Published: March 2024

The open conclusions with which Hallin and Mancini (2004, 2011) approached their comparative study of Western media systems, initiated in 1998, retain their empirical, revisionist, and prospective value—even from critical perspectives—after a quarter of a century of profound historical, social, and technological changes. The names given to the three traditional media models in those authors’ first publication are used in this article to compare the evolution of funding, audience shares, governance, structure, and political intervention in European countries’ public service media on the one hand, and to contrast the operational hypothesis that politicisation persists and is increasing in European public service media in their adaptation to the digital society, on the other hand. Based on the variables from Hallin and Mancini’s empirical model, five crucial questions about the evolution of public service media in the EU are addressed: intervention and development of regulation by states and by the European Commission in the area of shared powers; a comparative analysis of the funding systems and consumer audiences of each European country’s public service media; the changes in the governance and management structures of said public service media; the variation in the professional culture and the rational-legal authority of their organisations; and the evolution and legitimation of public service media’s public value in the internet society, as well as the persistence or mutability of the national media systems’ fit within Hallin and Mancini’s three original models.
Ordenación del Territorio y Medio Ambiente
Authors: Obeso Muñiz Icaro
Published: March 2024

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Non-European Directions of Paradiplomacy of Polish Voivodeships
Authors: Modzelewski Wojciech Tomasz
Published: March 2024

The main purpose of this article is to present the directions of foreign activity (paradiplomacy) of Polish regional governments with partners from outside Europe. The first, theoretical part shows the essence of paradiplomacy, which is understood as the ability of local government units to conduct political interactions beyond country borders. The empirical part discusses the spatial directions of paradiplomacy of Polish local governments, Polish-chinese regional partnerships and other partnerships from outside Europe. The hypothesis was verified that regional governments, in addition to european and neighbourhood cooperation, also cooperate with geographically distant partners from outside the european continent. The article uses methods typical of social sciences, including case studies and quantitative and qualitative analysis.
Caracterización Epidemiológica de los Pacientes de la Clínica Ambulatoria del Departamento de Psiquiatría de la Infancia y la Adolescencia de un Hospital Universitario de Paraguay: Estudio Trienal
Authors: Figueredo Pamela , Barrios Iván , Caycho-Rodríguez Tomás , Castaldelli-Maia João Mauricio , Ventriglio Antonio , Torales Julio
Published: March 2024

El tema de la salud mental en niños y adolescentes requiere mayor atención. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar las características de los pacientes de consulta externa de un centro especializado de un hospital universitario paraguayo. Este estudio empleó una serie retrospectiva, no probabilística, de casos consecutivos. Se examinaron las historias clínicas de pacientes de ambos sexos, de entre 2 y 17 años de edad, que solicitaron consulta en el Departamento de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente del Hospital de Clínicas entre julio de 2021 y julio de 2023, y que fueron diagnosticados con un trastorno mental según la CIE-10. Se recogieron datos demográficos y clínicos de 447 pacientes, representando 1278 consultas. La mayoría de los pacientes eran mujeres (57,7%), con una edad media de 13 ± 3 años. La mayoría de los pacientes (57,3%) procedían del Departamento Central, el 61,5% eran de zonas rurales y el 72% no tenían seguro médico. Los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron episodios depresivos (F32), otros trastornos de ansiedad (F41), trastornos de conducta (F91) y trastornos específicos de la personalidad (F60). Los resultados de este estudio proporcionan información crucial sobre la salud mental de niños y adolescentes, que es esencial para informar las políticas de salud mental, asignar recursos y formar a los profesionales sanitarios encargados de atender a este grupo de pacientes.
A Qualitative Case Study: Pre-service Teachers as Novice Programmers
Authors: ŞENER Burcu , UMUTLU Duygu
Published: March 2024

To meet the needs of 21st-century learners in today’s classrooms, it is needed that teachers be familiar with programming and computational thinking. Particularly, subject-area pre-service teachers should be exposed to programming instruction in their teacher education programs. This case study including three participants aims to explore the process of pre-service teachers’ learning of programming while completing CT-oriented tasks through observations and interviews in a 14-week educational technology course at a public university in Turkey. The findings demonstrate that pre-service teachers, being novice programmers, prefer contextualized, structured and visually well-designed programming tasks. They use various strategies to face challenges, and the effort they put into dealing with these challenges enables them to produce higher-quality programs. Accordingly, implications for further research are also discussed in this study.
Avrupa Birliği’nin Koşulluluk İlkesi Perspektifinden Sırbistan-Kosova Krizinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ŞAŞKIN Osman , MERDAN Ali Samir
Published: March 2024

Bu çalışma, Avrupa Birliği’nin Sırbistan’la olan üyelik sürecindeki ilişkilerini ve bu ilişkileri yürütürken koşulluluk ilkesini, Sırbistan-Kosova krizinin çözümünde ve iki taraf arasındaki diyaloğun sürdürülmesinde kullanma yöntemini ele almayı amaçlamıştır. Avrupa Birliği, üyelik sürecinde koşulluluk ilkesini her devlete özgü farklılıklar arz ederek bu ilkeyi devletler nezdinde farklılaştırmıştır. Dolayısıyla koşulluluk ilkesi, üyelik sürecindeki her bir aday devlet için ayrı ayrı işletilmiştir. Bu noktada çalışmanın üzerinde durduğu temel varsayım, 1980’lerin sonlarında ortaya çıkan Sırbistan-Kosova krizinin, 2009’da Sırbistan’ın AB’ye üyelik başvurusunda bulunmasından sonra koşulluluk ilkesi bağlamında çatışmaya dönüştürmediği ve taraflar arasındaki diyalog sürecinin yaşandığı yönündedir. Sonuç olarak 2009’dan bugüne kadar olan süreçte Avrupa Birliği’nin koşulluluk ilkesinin, Sırbistan-Kosova krizinin çözümünde etkili olduğu, ara sıra taraflar arasında sorunlar yaşansa da en azından bu sorunları çatışmaya dönüştürmediği söylenebilir.
Real Effective Exchange Rate and Export Sophistication: A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis
Authors: GÜNERİ Barbaros
Published: March 2024

In recent years, a new strand of the literature argued that not the quantity, but the quality of exports is at the core of economic growth and development. Therefore, strategies aiming to improve the quality of exports should be a major concern for policy makers. One of the most important policy tools that could affect exports and their quality is the real effective exchange rate. However, connections between the quality of exports and real effective exchange rate have not been fully explored. Based on a panel data of 57 countries for the years between 2005 and 2015, this paper investigates the relationship between export sophistication and real effective exchange rate. Using a novel database of export sophistication, taking into account two different real effective exchange rate indices and utilizing a dynamic panel data methodology, namely system GMM, this paper shows that an appreciation in real effective exchange rate improves the sophistication of exports. In addition, empirical results also show that the initial income of countries, foreign direct investment, human capital, and domestic savings positively affect export sophistication, whereas population growth decreases the sophistication of exports.