bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
811 – Long-term Safety and Efficacy of Atomoxetine in Adult Adhd Japanese Patients
Authors: Hirata Y. , Goto T. , Takita Y. , Trazepacz P.T. , Allen A.J. , Ichikawa H. , Takahashi N.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Research has shown that ADHD symptoms and functional impairment often persist beyond childhood into adulthood. Thus an effective therapy that can be tolerated over long-term use in adults is needed. This is the first long term safety and tolerability study of an adult ADHD medication in Asia.

Objectives:

Assess long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of atomoxetine (ATX) in adult Japanese ADHD patients.

Aims:

Demonstrate the safety and tolerability of long-term ATX.

Methods:

ATX (40-120 mg/day) was evaluated based on integrated analyses of a 10 week double-blind (DB) study and a 48 week open-label long term (LT) extension study. Long-term safety and tolerability were assessed by adverse events, discontinuation rate, and vital-signs. Efficacy measures included change from baseline in Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale- Investigator Rated (CAARS-Inv:SV) total symptoms score, behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-A), and Adult ADHD/QoL Measure (AAQoL).

Results:

233 patients took ATX (LT mean final prescribed dose: 108.3 mg/day). AEs leading to discontinuations were seen in 37 (15.9%) patients, the most common being nausea in 10 (4.3%) patients. Statistically significant baseline-to-endpoint reductions in mean CAARS-Inv:SV total symptoms score during in the DB study continued throughout the LT study. Similar reductions were seen in BRIEF-A Self Report scores. These findings along with AAQoL results indicated that patients perceived improvements in both QoL and Executive Function.

Conclusions:

Long-term ATX treatment was shown to be generally safe and tolerable in Japanese adult ADHD patients. Results also suggested ATX improved ADHD core symptoms, QoL and Executive Functions.
813 – Somatization as Central Manifestation of Depression in Iranian Culture
Authors: Firoozabadi A. , Bahredar M.J. , Seifsafari S.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

In some cultures, including ours, direct explanation of inner psychic world is inhibited and stigmatized, therefore finding alternative modes of expression.

Aims and objectives:

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to reach to an estimation of the frequency of somatization in the depressed patients.

Method:

500 patients with major depressive disorder referred to the outpatient clinic of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were recruited and diagnosed based on DSM-IV-TR. Through psychiatric interview, we assessed the presenting complaints of these patients. the presenting symptoms were divided into three main categories namely: mental symptoms, pain, and physical symptoms other than pain. Statistical analysis (chi-square and logistic regression) were performed to assess the relationship between presenting symptoms and some demographic variables such as age, gender, marital status, educational level and cultural background.

Results:

Physical symptoms other than pain in 193 (38.6%), mental symptoms in 186 (37.2%) and pain in 121 (24.2%) of the patients were seen. Pain and physical complaints were more common in patients with rural cultural background, lower education, women and the married ones. Headache (15.2%), irritability (10.6%) and pain in other areas of the body (10.4%) were the most frequent chief complaints the patients had stated. the symptoms of hypochondriasis, suicidal idea, crying, irritability and insomnia were significantly associated with the complaint of somatization.

Conclusion:

Somatic symptoms, especially pain, have a significant weight in the chief complaints of depressed patients. Physicians need to pay proper attention to this important issue in order to better understand their patients.
815 – Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders in Schools
Authors: Teixeira J. , Costa A.C. , Silva A.R. , Ávila I. , Lopes R. , Mateus S. , Mota T. , Fernandes J.C.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the general population in Portugal is estimated to be 30%. It is already known that many patients who present a psychiatric disorder do not seek a medical doctor, in part because they do not recognise their illness but also because of stigma associated to these disorders. Mental health promotion programs for schools are believed to help overcome these difficulties.

Objectives:

To analyse the knowledge on mental health issues and psychiatric disorders of Portuguese school students from the 7th to the 12th grade, and to assess their contact and interactions with patients who have a psychiatric disorder.

Methods:

Five students from each class at Pedro Alexandrino high school were selected and they were asked to answer to a questionnaire. Data collected from the questionnaires was then statistically analysed.

Results:

The sample collected for this study included a total of 145 students, 60% male and 40% female, with a mean age of 15years-old. Global knowledge about mental health and psychiatric disorders among students was poor and it was primarily acquired through the media. A comparatively high percentage of students in our sample (46%) knew at least one patient with a psychiatric disorder, and in most cases those patients were from their family group or circle of friends.

Conclusions:

Education on mental health and psychiatric disorders should be implemented at schools and within the context of health education, in order to promote mental health and also to help reduce stigma usually associated to psychiatric disorders.
818 – The Neuroscience of Internet and Computer Game Addiction - What do we know about what is going on inside our Patients Brains?
Authors: Duven E. , Beutel M.E. , Wölfling K.J.
Published: July 2013

Internet and Computer Game Addiction will in the future be included in the diagnostic manuals for mental disorders (Internet Use Disorder, www.dsm5.org). During the past decades research in the epidemiology, risk factors and the clinical picture of IUD has emerged and convincingly contributed to the development of sound diagnostic criteria. However, there are two major areas where evidence of high quality is sparse. These are on the one hand the effectiveness and efficacy of tailored therapeutic interventions and on the other hand the neuroscientific underpinnings of Internet and Computer Game Addiction. the latter is strongly represented in the Asian Countries, where prevalence rates for the disorder are higher compared to rates in European and American samples. to bundle the knowledge and to further help strengthening the nosology of Internet and Computer Game addiction it is necessary to keep up to date on the current research findings investigating different aspects probably involved in Internet and Computer Game Addiction. These are for example impulse control, response inhibition, cuereactivity and reward processing, however also genetic markers and general research in the neurobiological effects of Computer Game and Internet Use. for this purpose neuroscientific studies on Internet and Computer Game Use as well as Internet and Computer Game Addiction were systematically searched. the finding are presented with the aim to identify research areas in which investigations are necessary to complement existing data and to develop a sound model for the neurobiology of Internet and Computer Game Addiction.
835 – Prediction of Outcome in Complex Treatment Program for Pharmacoresistant Panic Disorder Patients
Authors: Kamaradova D. , Prasko J. , Cerna M. , Grambal A. , Jelenova D. , Latalova K. , Sigmundova Z.
Published: July 2013

Causes of pharmacoresistance or resistance to cognitive behavioral therapy in patients with panic disorder have not been yet explained. Therapeutic response during antidepressants treatment is worsened by high severity of symptoms, comorbidity of agoraphobia, other anxiety disorders, depression and personality disorders, high level of dissociative symptoms, unemployment and long duration of the disorder.

Method:

The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of the in-patients therapeutic program for in patients suffering with pharmacoresistant panic disorder. the therapy was conducted in a group setting and systematic CBT steps were adapted to each individual patient in the group. Pharmacological treatment underwent no or minimal changes during the trial period. Outcome measures included the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness scale (CGI-S), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Dissociative Experience Scale (DES). the primary outcome measure for treatment response was a rating of 25% improvement in BAI. A remission was defined by CGI-S scores 1 or 2.

Results:

67 patients with pharmacoresistance panic disorder entering into the study. Five patients drop out. 62 patients were treated with inpatients therapeutic program consisting from intensive CBT and pharmacotherapy. All patients finished 6 weeks of CBT and showed statistically significant improvement on BAI, BDI and CGI-S scales. the main predictors of achieving the response or remission were scores less than 20 in BDI, droping more than 5 point during the first week of treatment in BAI, not been married and low level of dissociation.

Supported by:

IGA MZ CR NT 11047-4/2010
836 – “kreis-irrenanstalt Erlangen” Germany's Unique Panoptical Asylum - An Appreciation of the First Bavarian Mental Home
Authors: Braun B. , Kornhuber J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

There are two edifices left to represent one of the most impressive cultural monuments of mental homes in Middle-Europe. the destruction of these historical buildings is intended to establish a modern “Translational Research Centre”.

Objectives:

To outline the significance of the asylum in the history of psychiatric architecture.

Aims:

To appreciate the first Bavarian mental home.

Methods:

Study of literature.

Results:

The British philosopher Jeremy Bentham is considered to be the founder of the panoptical (“invisible from all around”) concept in architecture. Several panoptical asylums have been built in Great Britain. in France, Italy and Germany a unique exemplar was realized. as the entire ward could be checked from a central room, the possibility of optimal surveillance of the patients was given and the minimisation of staff was enabled. in contrast to the emergent industrial cities (e.g. Nürnberg, Fürth, Schwabach) Erlangen disposed of enough building ground. There, J.M. Leupold (1794-1874) gave a lecture on the new establishing medical department of psychiatry. Thanks to his advice the project of the first Bavarian mental home could be completed within 12 years. the cruciform floor plan was supplemented by cross buildings, which constituted a relevant modification of the panoptical system. Concerning the extension of buildings (1874-1879) the internationally appreciated “system of pavillons” was realized and could be used by university since 1903.

Conclusions:

As the TRC-project may serve as a document for future medical progress, it is important to remember the “Kreis-Irrenanstalt Erlangen” as a milestone in the evolution of psychiatric architecture.
838 – Level of Dissociation in Patients with Bipolar Affective Disorder Compared with Healthy Controls
Authors: Latalova K. , Prasko J. , Diveky T. , Cerna M. , Grambal A. , Jelenova D. , Kamaradova D. , Mainerova B. , Vrbova K.
Published: July 2013

According to recent findings, certain clinical symptoms of the patients suffering from affective and anxiety disorder can be related to dissociation. the aim of our study is to examine if the level of dissociation in bipolar affective disorder differ from the level of dissociation in healthy volunteers.

Methods:

41 patients suffering from bipolar disorder and 198 healthy controls were included in the study. Only patients in remission of the disorder, evaluated as 1 or 2 points of clinical global impression - severity scale, were included into the study. Patients were psychiatrically assessed and the state of the disorder was evaluated by experienced psychiatrist. All participants were assessed with the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES).

Results:

The groups didn’t differ in demographic variables like age, gender and education. Patients had significantly higher mean score on the DES and pathological DES than healthy controls.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that the level of psychological dissociation in bipolar affective patients is higher than in healthy controls.

Supported by:

Grant IGA MZ ČR NT11047
841 – Comparison Of Quality Of Life Between Patients With Bipolar Afective Disorder, Schizophrenia And Healthy Controls
Authors: Latalova K. , Prasko J. , Diveky T. , Kamaradova D. , Velartova H. , Grambal A. , Cerna M. , Ociskova M. , Mainerova B. , Vrbova K.
Published: July 2013

Host of studies have now examined QoL in patients with major depressive disorder and schizophrenia until recently few had specifically focused upon QoL in patients with bipolar disorder. The purpose of the present study was to find out the QoL data in patients suffering from bipolar disorder in clinical remission and examine the extent of the effects of the demographical and clinical data on QoL in these patients. The second aim was to compare the QoL data with the data of patients suffering from schizophrenia in clinical remission and with healthy controls.

Data were obtained by using the quality of life questionnaire (Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction - Q-LES-Q) for 41 bipolar patients in clinical remission. The data of these subjects were compared with the data of 40 schizophrenic patients in clinical remission and with 40 healthy controls.

There are statistically significant difference in comparison with schizophrenic patients, but not in comparison with healthy controls. There were higher mean scores in most Q-LES-Q summary scales in patients with bipolar disorder in comparison with schizophrenic patients and in some summary scales in comparison with healthy controls.

Our results suggest the same or higher subjective quality of life in patients suffering with bipolar disorder in clinical remission in comparison with healthy controls and higher subjective quality of life in bipolar patients in clinical remission in comparison with schizophrenic patients in clinical remission.

Supported by: Grant IGA MZ ČR NT11047
842 – Euthymic Bipolar Affective Disorder Patients And Their Heart Rate Variability
Authors: Latalova K. , Prasko J. , Diveky T. , Kamaradova D. , Grambal A. , Jelenova D. , Mainerova B. , Cerna M. , Ociskova M. , Velartova H. , Vrbova K.
Published: July 2013

Background

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction and reduced heart rate variability (HRV) have been reported in a wide variety of psychiatric disorders, but have not been well characterized in bipolar patiens in remission. We recorded cardiac activity and assessed HRV in bipolar outpatients in remission.

Aims

Ascertain if ANS decrease with the age of the patient; ascertain relation between activity of ANS and level of dissociation, and other components (age of patients, and age of disorder, dosage of psychotropic medication).

Methods

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) has been evaluated during orthostatic change in three positions (1- lie down 5 minutes, 2 - stand up 5 minutes, 3 - lie down 5 minutes). The functioning of the ANS has been measured by the diagnostic systems that are using the power spectral analysis which quantifies the heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed using time domain, frequency domain, and nonlinear analyses in 23 bipolar patients in remission.

Results

We found highly statistically significant negative correlations between level of dissociation measured by DES and most of parameters of ANS. We found negative correlations between the age of the patient and activity of ANS, and negative correlations between activity of ANS and duration and onset of disorder.

Conclusions

Autonomic dysregulation is associated with bipolar disorder in remission and has relation to level of dissociation and probably to age of patiens and age of onset and duration of disorder.

Supported by: Grant IGA MZ CR NT11474
844 – Therapeutic Response To Intensive Psychotherapeutic Programs In Patients With Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Prasko J. , Sigmundova Z. , Grambal A. , Kamaradova D. , Jelenova D. , Sandoval A. , Latalova K. , Vrbova K. , Cerna M. , Ociskova M. , Sedlackova Z.
Published: July 2013

Both pharmacological and psychoterapeutical approaches have proven effectiveness for anxiety disorders. The aim of study was to establish the efficacy of CBT or short psychodynamic psychotherapy on non-selected and medication-resistant patients with anxiety disorders and to search for predictors of response.

Method

Short psychodynamic psychotherapy or systematic CBT was tailored according the needs of each patient. Pharmacology treatment remained mainly unchanged during the trial period. Outcome measures were: CGI, Dissociative Experience Scale (DES), Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire (SDQ-20), BDI, BAI. The primary outcome measures were clinical response defined as 30% decrease in BAI and remission defined as a 1 or 2 points in CGI.

Results

190 patients were included into the study and 15 dropped out. Altogether 175 patients completed at least 5 of 6 weeks of intensive psychotherapy program. Patients of all diagnostic groups showed significant improvement in CGI, BAI, BDI. At the end of the treatment 51.1% of the patients achieved clinical response and 42.3% clinical remission. The main characteristics present at the beginning of the trial increasing probability of achieving response or remission during the treatment were BAI score lower than 25, BDI score lower than 20, no comorbidity with personality disorder, no comorbid depression, no being divorced or widowed.

Conclusion

Therapeutic efficacy of the intensive psychotherapeutics programs for anxiety disorders was predicted with level of anxiety and depression, comorbidity with depression and personality disorders and marital status.

Supported by: IGA MZ CR NT 11047
854 – A Logistic Regression Model For Global Functioning In Psychosis
Authors: Muñoz Negro J. , Ibáñez Casas I. , Cervilla Ballesteros J.A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

In order to improve global functioning in psychotic patients is necessary to know the kind of variables influencing those.

Aim

To research that of a clinical and epidemiological variables group which of them are associated to a better outcome in global functioning in patients affected by psychosis.

Methods

A total of 73 psychotic patients were included in this study. All of them were evaluated through a battery of tests including GAF and SIX, PANSS, S-GPTS and a comprehensive questionnaire for clinical and epidemiological variables. A binary logistic regression analysis was applied to the data set of global functioning scores divided by the median in two halves: better and worse global functioning. The model included the following variables: positive, negative and general psychopatology PANSS subscales, PANSS subtype, first or second generation antipsychotic, stimulants drugs use, tobacco use, sex, age, onset age, number of psychotic episodes and S-GPTS score.

Results

Treatment with second generation antipsychotics and lesser scoring in S-GPTS scale were associated with a better outcomes in global functioning. We found an association between lesser negative symptoms and lesser number of psychotic episodes with a better functioning which showed a marginal statistical significance.

Conclusions

We raise the question about preferential use of second generation of antipsychotics as opposed to older antipsychotics and the necessity of improving adherence to treatment for breaking the vicious cycle between psychotic episodes and a worse global functioning. Further studies with greater sample are needed to explain these and another questions.
855 – Cognitive Deficits In Patients With Schizophrenia And Comorbid Obsessivecompulsive Symptoms: a 12 Month Longitudinal Study
Authors: Schirmbeck F. , Rausch F. , Englisch S. , Eifler S. , Esslinger C. , Meyer-Lindenberg A. , Zink M.
Published: July 2013

Background

Epidemiological studies estimated that amongst patients with schizophrenia a large subgroup of up to 25% also suffers from comorbid obsessive compulsive symptoms (OCS). The association between these comorbid OCS and neuropsychological impairment remains unclear and somewhat contradictory. Longitudinal approaches which investigate the stability of OCS related cognitive deficits are missing.

Methods

37 patients with schizophrenia and comorbid OCS and 43 schizophrenia patients without OCS were assessed with a comprehensive cognitive test-battery and compared at baseline and again 12 months later.

Results

Schizophrenia patients with comorbid OCS showed significant pronounced deficits with increasing effect sizes over the 12 month assessment period in specific cognitive areas such as visuo-spatial perception and visual memory (WAIS-R block design, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test), executive functioning (perseveration in the Wisconsin card sorting test) and cognitive flexibility (Trail making test B). These cognitive domains correlated with OCS severity and are known to be candidate domains in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).

Conclusions

OCS in schizophrenia is associated longitudinally stable specific cognitive deficits. Prospective studies involving patients with at risk mental states for psychosis are necessary to decipher the interaction of cognitive impairment and the clinical manifestation of schizophrenia and OCS. This might facilitate the definition of patients at high risk for OCS, an early detection of subclinical levels, therapeutic interventions and clinical monitoring.
858 – Infrastructure, Training And Funding Of Mental Health Research In Europe: First Results From The Roamer Project
Authors: Leboyer M. , Brunn M. , Demotes J. , Hazo J.-B. , Obradors Tarragó C. , Papp S. , Chevreul K. ,   The ROAMER Consortium
Published: July 2013

Despite the growing burden of mental disorders and the proven impact of research, there is a scarcity of research in mental health in Europe.

In the context of the ROAMER project, intending to develop a roadmap for mental health research in Europe, we aim at mapping available resources in terms of research infrastructure, training and funding so as to identify gaps and formulate recommendations.

Our method was twofold. First, as part of a larger survey a consultation survey was circulated within a pilot sample of 111 European mental health researchers. Second, survey results were discussed and complemented with a focus-group-type panel, composed of national and European experts.

Based on 55 survey responses and the expert panel, we have identified several key themes in the expert’s opinions. In terms of infrastructure, these include claims about a lack of collaboration and insufficient access to potentially shared resources; poor linkage between research and clinical practice; inadequate dialogue between research and policy-makers; and a lack of interdisciplinarity. In terms of training and capacity building, it emerged that incentives lack to attract and keep researchers within mental health. Concerning research funding, the share of core funding is deemed too low while European and national grant-application procedures appear inefficient and do not cover all fields of research.

These results give a preliminary insight in the issues of current mental health research in Europe. After roll-out of the consultation to the entire mental health research community and a second expert panel, final recommendations will be formulated.
866 – Depression Outcome Among Minority Patients Treated Under Collaborative Care Management
Authors: De Jesus R. ,   DIAMOND Group
Published: July 2013

The collaborative care model (CCM) using care managers, has been reported to be more effective than usual care in depression management across various ethnic groups (1). It potentially may contribute to ameliorating racial disparity in depression care (2). The model was adopted at our institution in March 2008.

This study aimed to compare 6 month treatment outcomes among minority patients enrolled under the CCM to those under usual care. Using the registry, de-identified data of minority patients defined as non-Caucasian individuals who meet criteria for CCM enrollment, defined as age 18 or over with initial PHQ-9 score of 10 or higher, from March 2008 were reviewed. Initial and 6-month PHQ-9 scores were compared to evaluate response and remission rates in both groups. Response is defined as a 50% reduction in PHQ-9 score from baseline while remission is defined as PHQ-9 score of 5 or less. Data was analyzed using Pearson chi-square and t-test.

Of the 135 minority patients diagnosed with depression, 70% (n=94) were female. Majority were enrolled in CCM (n=105). Initial mean PHQ-9 score did not differ between the 2 groups. At 6 months, those under CCM had response rate of 75% compared to 33% in usual care. Remission rate at 6 months was 55% among patients in CCM and 12% in usual care.

Conclusion

Among minority patients with depression, the CCM is significantly more effective in achieving treatment response and remission compared to usual care. Adaptation of this model across various population groups should be considered.
874 – Neuroimaging Studies In Bulimia Nervosa: Current And Future Research Maps
Authors: Castro L. , Conceição E. , Vaz A.R. , Osório E. , Brandão I. , Bastos-Leite A.J. , Machado P.P.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Bulimia nervosa is one the main subtypes of eating disorders. Recent neurobiological research is greatly contributing to the understanding of eating disorders.

Objectives

To review and discuss current topics under investigation with neuroimaging studies in bulimia nervosa, as well as future interesting lines of research in this area.

Aim

To analyze the state of the art of neuroimaging research in bulimia nervosa.

Methods

MEDLINE and PubMed databases were searched for peer-reviewed studies, published between 2000 and 2012, by using combinations of the Medline Subject Heading terms neuroimaging and bulimia nervosa. A selection of relevant articles to the study aim was carried out. An analysis of the reviewed studies including current topics of research and future suggestions was also done.

Results

Articles reviewed encompassed functional and structural neuroimaging or clinical reviews, connectivity and neurotransmitter studies, as well as debate or opinion articles. The main topics addressed were cerebral activation secondary to food stimuli, neuropsychological paradigms, diagnosis and classification of eating disorders based on neurobiological findings, neurobiology of eating disorders, and disordered eating mechanisms. The main future research avenues proposed were development of eating disorder psychopathology-related fMRI paradigms, as well as connectivity-based and molecular imaging studies.

Conclusions

The neurobiology of eating disorders is a growing exciting field of research. Neurobiological studies, namely neuroimaging studies in bulimia nervosa, may provide an important research framework for a better knowledge of psychopathological mechanisms of eating disorders.
877 – Structural Neuroimaging Studies In Bulimia Nervosa: a Review
Authors: Castro L. , Conceição E. , Vaz A.R. , Osório E. , Brandão I. , Bastos-Leite A.J. , Machado P.P.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

The understanding of neurobiology of eating disorders has received a remarkable contribution from neuroimaging research.

Objective

To review the literature on structural neuroimaging in bulimia nervosa.

Aim

To discuss recent contributions of structural neuroimaging to the understanding of bulimia nervosa.

Methods

MEDLINE and PubMed databases were searched for peer-reviewed studies, published between 2000 and 2012, by using combinations of the Medline Subject Heading terms structural neuroimaging and bulimia nervosa. A selection of relevant articles to the aim of this review was carried out.

Results

Relatively few articles on structural neuroimaging were found in bulimia nervosa, and the studies showed conflicting results. Some studies reported evidence of brain volume loss in patients with bulimia nervosa, possibly related to associated chronic dietary restriction. Other studies have found increased grey matter volumes in frontal and ventral striatal areas. Finally, further studies did not find any structural abnormality at all in patients with bulimia nervosa, compared to healthy control subjects.

Conclusions

The scarce literature available on structural neuroimaging in bulimia nervosa provides conflicting results. Further studies are, therefore, warranted.
884 – Comparative Evaluation Of Sexual Attitude And Function Of Normal And Dysmenorrhea Patients With The Qsaf 2009
Authors: Pirkalani K.K. , Talaee Rad Z.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Dysmenorrhea causes much morbidity in high percentage of the population and despite its uniform molecular pathogenesis exhibits wide range of symptoms.

Objective

Many patients attribute menstrual symptoms to sex while others attribute it to an intra-abdominal organic disease.

Aim

To evaluate whether dysmenorrhea patients have peculiar notion about sex

Method

We evaluated 60 normal and 60 dysmenorrhea patients with QSAF-2009. The latter group used routinely drugs for dysmenorrhea in a PRN basis. Dysmenorrhea was not graded according to severity and stress was laid on personal view about the matter (major concern versus no concern).

Result

Patients without dysmenorrhea were sexually more self conscious, became sexually active earlier in their life, had lower scores in most sexual dysfunction scales, had higher scores in experimentation, sensational, erotic, extramarital relationship, sex addiction and lower scales in couple problems while women with dysmenorrhea showed higher scores in couple problems, sexual pain syndromes, vaginism and a series of psychodynamic syndromes (0.04>p>0.07). Curiously, these people showed higher scores in homo- bisexuality scales. They showed high rates of sexual guilt feeling and the overall validity of their test was questioned. They showed increased reluctance to answer the questions, regarded their problems as personal secrets and reported fewer visits to gynecologists. They preferred female gynecologists, and had never been visited by midwives. Most of them preferred cesarean delivery under general anesthesia.

Conclusion

We conclude that dysmenorrhea patients are categorically distinct from normal persons in regard to their sexual attitude and function.
891 – Consanguinity Multiplex And Schizophrenia - The Royal Road To Genes Of Major Effect
Authors: Mahmood T. , Cardno A. , Nazar Q. , Clapcote S. , Inglehearn C.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Multi-factorial aetiology of schizophrenia has an undeniably large genetic component. Attempts to elucidate its genetics with large case control studies have met with limited success and other approaches are warranted.

Method & results

In an extended family (pedigree 1) in which two sets of siblings - children of a brother and sister - are intermarried; six members with DSM-IV schizophrenia share a 6MB region of homozygosity on chromosome 13q. One out of twelve genes at this locus shows a sequence change in its promoter region.

[Pedigree 1]

Another family (pedigree 2) with two affected brothers has revealed two loci of homozygosity on chromosomes 5 and 9.

[Pedigree 2]

A third family with nine cases of psychosis is being investigated.

Conclusion

An approach which focuses on families with multiple cases in one generation and evidence of consanguinity in parents may be particularly successful for identifying recessive genes.
892 – The Association Between Cannabis Use And Depression: a Systematic Review And Meta-analysis Of Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Lev-Ran S. , Roerecke M. , Le Foll B. , George T. , McKenzie K. , Rehm J.
Published: July 2013

Background

Longitudinal studies reporting the association between cannabis use and developing depression provide mixed results. The objective of this study was to establish the extent to which different patterns of use of cannabis are associated with the development of depression using meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.

Methods

Peer-reviewed publications that compared the risk of development of depression in cannabis users and non-userst were located using searches of EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsychINFO and ISI Web of Science. Data on measures of cannabis use, measures of depression and control variables were extracted. Odds ratios were extracted by age and length of follow-up.

Results

After screening 3,905 articles, 55 articles were selected for full-text review, of which 12 were included in the quantitative analysis. The odds for cannabis users developing depression compared to controls was 1.26 (95%CI=1.10-1.44). The odds for heavy cannabis users developing depression was 1.72 (95%CI=1.27-2.34), compared to non-users or light users. Meta-regression revealed no significant differences in effect based on age of subjects or length of follow-up in the individual studies. There was large heterogeneity in the number and type of control variables in the different studies.

Conclusions

Cannabis use, and particularly heavy cannabis use, may be associated with an increased risk for developing depressive disorders. Despite limitations due to heterogeneity in control variables, this study represents the current state of knowledge on this association. In order to establish a more precise dose-response relationship between cannabis use and the risk of developing depression, future longitudinal exploration should take into account cumulative exposure to cannabis.
893 – Fictional Baby
Authors: Duarte M. , Tarelho A. , Fraga M. , Carriço P.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Pseudocyesis have been crossing several centuries under different terms. Recently there has been an evolution around the factors involved, being recognized a complex relation between psychological mechanisms, neuroendocrine imbalances and sociocultural factors.

Objectives

To present a clinical case and revisit the literature about pseudocyesis. A reflection about the etiological factors potentially involved and the importance of the cooperation between Psychiatrist, Family Physician and Obstetrician on Somatoform Disorders.

Methods

Literary review for understanding the clinical case and diagnosis and treatment discussion.

Results

A woman, followed at Psychiatric appointments for history of drug addiction, presents a clinical chart compatible with pseudocyesis recurrent episode. Several questions are raised about the possible factors associated, considering pathophysiological, neuroendocrine and psychological models. It's also assessed the best therapeutic approach to motivate the patient towards therapeutic compliance, being crucial the coordination between the several health care professionals.

Conclusions

There aren’t many case reports about pseudocyesis, and there is even less data related specifically to patients with an addictive disorder. Besides the psychological factors classically associated with this somatoform disorder, it is necessary to consider endocrine and neurophysiological factors in outlining the etiological mechanisms. It is also acknowledged the crucial importance of a multidisciplinary approach between the several health care professionals, that should be aware to these cases in order to promote the therapeutic compliance by the patients. Early detection and empathic communication with the patient are the most important factors to be valued on an approach which should be socio-familial, biomedical and psychotherapeutic.
905 – No Association Between Sgk1 Gene Rs1743964 Polymorphic Variant And Schizophrenia
Authors: Fedorenko O. , Losenkov I. , Vyalova N. , Rudikov E. , Gavrilova V. , Boyarko E. , Semke A. , Ivanova S.
Published: July 2013

The early gene serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1) has a striking expression profile after antipsychotic drug treatment in the brain regions associated with schizophrenia. SGK1 is involved into regulation of multiple neuronal proteins playing an important role in pathophysiology of brain diseases. The aim of this study was to study the association of polymorphic variant rs1743964 with schizophrenia in Russian population of Siberian region. We have examined 332 schizophrenic patients from the Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk. Control group included 100 healthy persons. Genotyping of rs1743964 has been carried out using ABI StepOne Plus with TaqMan1 Validated SNP Genotyping Assay (Applied Biosystems). Comparison of genotypes frequencies of SGK1 gene rs1743964 polymorphic variant in groups of patients with schizophrenia and healthy persons has not revealed statistically significant difference. The genotypes distribution has been shown as follows: AA (46,4% and 41,7%), AG (43,7% and 46,9%), GG (9,9% and 11,5%) in schizophrenic patients and healthy persons, respectively. Thus, there is no association between SGK1 gene rs1743964 polymorphic variant and schizophrenia in Russian population of Siberian region.

This work has been completed under support of RFBR grant “12-04-01317-a The role of SGK1 and CLCNKB gene polymorphisms in the pathophysiology of mental disorders” and FCP grant 8140 “Developing of basic socially significant mental disorders markers complex based on study of molecular-genetic mechanisms of neuronal proteinkinase signal pathways dysregulation”.
911 – Development Of a Psycho-sensory Hallucinations Scale In Schizophrenia And Parkinson's Disease (psas Scale)
Authors: Chéreau-Boudet I. , Pereira B. , Durif F. , Llorca P.-M. , de Chazeron I.
Published: July 2013

Although visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been described in several major studies, little is known about over psycho-sensory hallucinations witch are hallmark symptoms of schizophrenia (SCZ). The purpose of this study was to to create and validate a specific tool for the assessment of all sensory modality of hallucinations in PD and SCZ.The Psycho- Sensory hAllucinations Scale (PSAS) was developed with sixteen items to evaluate the core aspect of hallucinations (‘guardian angel’; auditory, visual, olfactory and gustatory, cenesthetic modalities). It was then evaluated in patients with SCZ and idiopathic PD who met the hallucination criteria.

Results

86 PD patients and 51 SCZ were evaluated by using the PSAS scale. Data from correlational analyses supported the construct and discriminant validity of the scale in all hallucinatory modalities were related to both gold-standard (PANSS P3 and UPDRS I Item2). Test-retest reliability (33 SCZ and 50 PD) over a 1-week interval determined 2 patients groups :stable : there's no significant (p>.05) differences between before and after measurements in each domainand unstable: all sub-scale and total score significantly (in the range .045 to .002) changed.Inter-rater reliability (18 SCZ and 17 PD) varied by subscale sense hallucinations and domain-specific κs ranged from .56 to .94.

Conclusions

The results suggest that the usefulness of PSAS as a clinical tool is for initial detailed evaluation and monitoring changes in hallucinations, in SCZ and PD. The next step will be to compare all modality hallucinatory manifestations in PD and schizophrenia.
915 – Existential Anxiety And Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms In a Sample Of Psychiatric Outpatients
Authors: Khodabux N. , Silva C. Tschiedel Belem da , Birmes P. , Schmitt L. , Bui E.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Existential anxiety (EA) has been described as the anxiety about the meaning of life, death and the necessity to make choices (Tillich, 1953).Although recent research found EA to be associated with trauma and general psychological symptoms in community samples (Weems et al. 2004), to date, no study has investigated its relationship with trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in psychiatric outpatients.

Objective

To examine the association between EA and self-reported trauma history and PTSD symptoms in psychiatric outpatients.

Methods

Seventy-two stable psychiatric outpatients (mean(SD) age=46.1(14), 55% females) were assessed with the Existential Anxiety Questionnaire (EAQ; score ranging 0-39), the Trauma History Questionnaire which reports on criminal experiences, natural disasters, death exposure and questioning about physical and sexual experiences, and the PTSD Checklist (PCL; score ranging 17-85).

Results

Mean(SD) EAQ and PCL scores were 20.0(7.8) and 40.0(15), respectively. A majority of participants (93%) reported at least one lifetime trauma exposure. Results revealed a positive correlation between existential anxiety and lifetime trauma exposure (r=.28, p< .05).Furthermore, in patients with lifetime trauma exposure, increased EA was associated with increased PCL total score (r=.57, p< .001) as well as with all PTSD symptom clusters: re-experiencing (r=0.45, p < 0.001), hyperarousal (r=.51, p< .001) and avoidance (r=.53, p < .01).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that EA might be an interesting construct to examine further in the assessment and treatment of PTSD and paves the way for empirical investigations of existential therapies.
918 – The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence And Personality Specification With The Job Satisfaction Status Of Male Guidance School Teachers Of Islamshahr
Authors: Hazrati E.
Published: July 2013

The present research was done to determine the relationship between the emotional intelligence and personality features with the Islamshahr boy Junior High School teacher's job satisfaction. The social statistics of the present research concluded all the boy Junior High School teachers of the ministry education of Islamshahr in 2012.

140 people, who had been selected through clustered stage sampling, were involved in the research. The research tools of the Brodberry emotional intelligence questionaire consisted of four components (self-consciousness, self-management, social awareness, and relation management) Neo questionaire with five components (psychoneurosis, extroversion, openness, agreement, and conscientiousness), and the Herzberg's job satisfaction with two components(hygienic factors, and motivational factors).

The results of the statistical analysis through the Pearson correlative and Regevsiven multiple model showed that there is a meaningful relationship between the three emotional intelligence, personality features, and job satisfaction variables. Also, some of the components of emotional intelligence and personality features can predict the job satisfaction and its components.
920 – Diagnostic Difficulties In Post-stroke Depression: a Case Report
Authors: Ribeiro B. , Ribeiro J.P. , Ribeiro Â. , von Doellinger O.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

The occurrence of a depressive disorder after a neurological disease is a condition classified in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) as an Organic mood [affective] disorders [F06.3], and in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) as a Mood disorder due to a general medical condition [298.83]. Cerebrovascular disease is associated with an increased risk for depression, with incidence rates of 30-40%. Frequency of post-stroke depression is highest during the first month after the ischemic event, but remains high for several years.

Objectives/aims

The aim of this poster is to show and discuss some troublesome and complex issues on diagnosing and managing patients with post-stroke depression, based on a case report.

Methods

Herein we report a case of a 46-year-old woman, without significant prior psychiatric history, who presented with depressive symptoms after left middle cerebral artery stroke (with cardioembolic source) and right hemiplegia/hemiparesis and motor aphasia sequelae.

Results/conclusion

Depression has shown to be the most common psychiatric post-stroke complication, and the one associated with a worse poorer functional prognosis. It may be difficult to accurately diagnose a post-stroke depression, particularly in patients with aphasia, anosognosia and other cognitive dysfunctions.
933 – Evaluation Of Cortisol Level And Cell-mediated Immunity Response Changes In Individuals With Post-traumatic Stress Disorder As a Consequence Of War
Authors: Masoudzadeh A. , Modanlookordi M. , Ajami A. , Azizi A.
Published: July 2013

Aim

To investigate the level of blood and urine cortisol and cell mediated immunity response changes among patients with post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from war.

Methods

In this case-control study, 20 patients with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with the mean age of 41.9±7.6 and 20 healthy individuals (control group) with the mean age of 42.4±7.6 were compared. At the beginning, 24-hour urine and blood samples were obtained, and three antigens, tuberculosis, tetanus and candida were injected sub-cutaneously. Skin reaction was evaluated for each of the injections. Analysis was performed using t-test.

Results

There was a significant increase regarding cell-mediated immunity in cases in comparison with the controls (p =0.017) and also a significant increase of blood cortisol was observed in cases (p = 0.003). There was no significant difference in two groups regarding urine cortisol level.

Conclusion

This study showed that there was a significant difference in the activation of cell-mediated immunity in PTSD patients as compared to control group. This increase in activity was not due to the influence of life stressors or intensity of illness signs or following illnesses. It is recommended to study and treat the autoimmune disease in PTSD patients more seriously in the countries like Iran that were involved in war problems.
936 – Impairment Of Gaze-induced Spatial Coding In Patients With Recent-onset Schizophrenia
Authors: Röder C. , Dieleman S. , Mohr H. , Anje S. , van Beveren N. , Linden D.E.J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Patients with schizophrenia (SC) show deficits in the processing of social cues. Little is known whether this deficit in social cognition also influences non-social, “cold” cognition. Interactions between these domains can be tested with a Simon task using social stimuli (gaze direction).

Aim

We investigated whether the Simon effect, the slowing of reaction times produced by stimulus incongruities in the spatial domain, differs in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls as a function of the social nature of the cues. Participants: Thirty-five recent-onset, male SC and 30 male HC participated in the study.

Methods

We used the gaze-direction Simon effect paradigm described by Zorzi et al.[1], in which the Simon effect is generated by a schematic drawing of human eyes (social cues) or rectangles (non-social cues).

Results

Overall SC had longer reaction times. Furthermore, groups showed a Simon effect in both tasks. While in HC the Simon effect was stronger in the eye-like compared to the rectangle condition, for SC the Simon effect was less strong in the eye-like compared to the rectangle condition. Current psychopathology or treatment with antipsychotics did not influence results.

Discussion

Although the Simon effect is present in SC, the influence of social cues was much reduced in the patient group.

Conclusion

The present study supports earlier findings of altered processing of social cues in SC. Crucially; we demonstrated that this deficit in social cueing affects early attentional processes in schizophrenia.