bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-T-depleted haploidentical transplantation with post-transplant cyclophosphamide in patients with secondary versus de novo AML in first complete remission: a study from the ALWP/EBMT
Authors: Nagler Arnon , Labopin Myriam , Blaise Didier , Raiola Anna Maria , Corral Lucia Lopez , Bramanti Stefania , Sica Simona , Kwon Mi , Koc Yener , Pavlu Jiri , Kulagin Alexander , Busca Alessandro , Rodríguez Arancha Bermúdez , Reményi Péter , Schmid Christoph , Brissot Eolia , Sanz Jaime , Bazarbachi Ali , Giebel Sebastian , Ciceri Fabio , Mohty Mohamad
Published: May 2023

We compared outcomes of adult patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) versus de novo AML after non-T-depleted haploidentical stem cell transplant (HaploSCT) with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy). Seventeen hundred and eleven AML patients (sAML-231, de novo-1480) in first complete remission transplanted from 2010 to 2021, were included. Patients with de novo AML were younger, median age 55.8 versus 60.8 years, p < 0.0001, had better transplantation comorbidity index (HCT-CI) ≥ 3 21.3% versus 40.8%, p < 0.0001 and Karnofsky performance status (KPS) with KPS ≥ 90 in 78% versus 68.5%, respectively, p = 0.002. The two patient groups did not differ with respect to gender, cytomegalovirus serostatus, and cell source. Median time from diagnosis to HaploSCT was 5.2 versus 4.9 months, respectively, p = 0.005. Fewer sAML patients received myeloablative conditioning 35.1% versus 50.1%, p < 0.0001. Two hundred and eleven sAML and 410 de novo AML patients were included in the matched-pair analysis matching two de novo AML with each sAML. No significant difference was observed in any transplantation outcome parameter between the sAML versus de novo AML groups. Two-year non-relapse mortality and relapse incidence did not differ with HaploSCT for de novo versus sAML; 21.4% versus 21%, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.98, p = 0.9 and 23.4% versus 20.6%, HR = 0.92, p = 0.67, respectively. Two-year leukemia-free survival, overall survival, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)-free, relapse-free survival were also not different between the de novo AML and sAML groups 55.2% versus 58.4%, HR = 0.95, p = 0.67; 61.4% versus 66.4%, HR = 0.91, p = 0.51 and 46.3% versus 48.2%, HR = 0.92, p = 0.48, respectively. Similarly, the incidence of engraftment as well as acute and chronic GVHD was similar between the 2 cohorts. In conclusion, HaploSCT with PTCy may be able to overcome the bad prognosis of sAML as results are not significantly different to those of HaploSCT in de novo AML.
BCAS2 regulates granulosa cell survival by participating in mRNA alternative splicing
Authors: Yao Xiaohong , Wang Chaofan , Sun Longjie , Yan Lu , Chen Xuexue , Lv Zheng , Xie Xiaomei , Tian Shuang , liu Wenbo , Li Lei , Zhang Hua , Liu Jiali
Published: May 2023

Background

Granulosa cell proliferation and differentiation are essential for follicle development. Breast cancer amplified sequence 2 (BCAS2) is necessary for spermatogenesis, oocyte development, and maintaining the genome integrity of early embryos in mice. However, the function of BCAS2 in granulosa cells is still unknown.

Results

We show that conditional disruption of Bcas2 in granulosa cells caused follicle development failure; the ratio of the positive cells of the cell proliferation markers PCNA and Ki67 were unchanged in granulosa cells. Specific deletion of Bcas2 caused a decrease in the BrdU-positive cell ratio, cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, and an increase in apoptosis in granulosa cells, and RPA1 was abnormally stained in granulosa cells. RNA-seq results revealed that knockout of Bcas2 results in unusual expression of cellular senescence genes. BCAS2 participated in the PRP19 complex to mediate alternative splicing (AS) of E2f3 and Flt3l mRNA to inhibit the cell cycle. Knockout of Bcas2 resulted in a significant decrease in the ratio of BrdU-positive cells in the human granulosa-like tumour (KGN) cell line.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that BCAS2 may influence the proliferation and survival of granulosa cells through regulating pre-mRNA splicing of E2f3 and Flt3l by forming the splicing complex with CDC5L and PRP19.
An online, peer-mentored food allergy education program improves children’s and parents’ confidence
Authors: Dhanjal Ranjit , Dine Kyle , Gerdts Jennifer , Merrill Kaitlyn , Frykas Tara Lynn M , Protudjer Jennifer LP
Published: May 2023

Background

Children with food allergy, and their families experience substantial burdens because of efforts necessary to minimize the risk of anaphylaxis. To this end, peer-to-peer education is paramount. Food Allergy Canada offers an online, peer-to-peer mentoring program. However, the impact of this program has not previously been formally evaluated.

Objective

To determine if Allergy Pals, an online, peer-to-peer mentoring program, for children aged 7–11 years, increased child and parental food allergy competency, and confidence. Our secondary aim was to qualitatively describe the experiences of the program.

Methods

From May 2020-May 2021, children and their parents were invited to participate in an online, anonymous survey about Allergy Pals, at pre-program, and post-program. Primary outcomes, which were described and compared using chi2 or t-tests, as appropriate for the respective variables, included food allergy competence (epinephrine carriage, signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis) and food allergy confidence (e.g. comfort asking other for food allergy-related support). Secondary outcomes included child and parent perceptions of the program, which were analysed thematically.

Results

Overall, 17 children completed the pre-program, and 11 completed the post-program survey. Corresponding numbers for parents were 25 and 23. Food allergy competence was high pre-program, and remained so post-program. Food allergy confidence improved from pre-program to post-program. E.g. Children tended to feel less left out (5/12, 41.7%; 3/10; 30.0%, respectively), a finding that was reflected also in parents’ scores. Themes identified for child and parent perceptions further supported improved food allergy confidence.

Conclusion

Although food allergy competence was high pre-program, Allergy Pals improved food allergy confidence.
Acute pancreatitis during valproic acid administration in a patient with vascular dementia, epileptic seizures, and psychiatric symptoms: a case report
Authors: Yanaga Mako , Okamoto Naomichi , Hashimoto Reia , Igata Ryohei , Konishi Yuki , Ikenouchi Atsuko , Isomoto Naoki , Shinkai Takahiro , Harada Masaru , Yoshimura Reiji
Published: May 2023

Background

Valproic acid (VPA) is a relatively safe drug widely used for the treatment of epileptic seizures and mania in bipolar disorder, as well as the prevention of migraine headaches. Here, we present a case of VPA-induced pancreatitis in a patient with vascular dementia, epileptic seizures, and psychiatric symptoms. He had no distinctive abdominal symptoms.

Case presentation

A 66-year-old Japanese man was treated with VPA for agitation and violent behavior due to vascular dementia, epileptic seizures, and psychiatric symptoms. During admission, he experienced a sudden decrease in consciousness and blood pressure. Abdominal findings were unremarkable; however, blood tests showed an inflammatory response and elevated amylase levels. Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography showed diffuse pancreatic enlargement and inflammation extending to the subrenal pole. VPA-induced acute pancreatitis was diagnosed, VPA was discontinued, and high-dose infusions were administered. Acute pancreatitis resolved after treatment initiation.

Conclusions

Clinicians should be aware of this relatively rare side effect of VPA. Diagnosis may be challenging in elderly people and patients with dementia as they may present with non-specific symptoms. Clinicians should consider the risk of acute pancreatitis when using VPA in patients who cannot report spontaneous symptoms. Blood amylase and other parameters should be measured accordingly.
Intravenous injection of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorates not only blood glucose but also nephrotic complication of diabetic rats through autophagy-mediated anti-senescent mechanism
Authors: Li Xinyue , Guo Le , Chen Jingan , Liang Haowei , Liu Yi , Chen Wei , Zhou Li , Shan Letian , Wang Hui
Published: May 2023

Background

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most severe complications of diabetes mellitus, which is characterized by early occurrence of albuminuria and end-stage glomerulosclerosis. Senescence and autophagy of podocytes play an important role in DN development. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) have potential in the treatment of diabetes and its complications. However, the role of hucMSCs in the treatment of DN and the underlying mechanism remain unclear.

Methods

In vivo, a streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Sprague Dawley rat model was established to determine the renoprotective effect of hucMSCs on DN by biochemical analysis, histopathology, and immunohistochemical staining of renal tissues. And the distribution of hucMSCs in various organs in rats within 168 h was analyzed. In vitro, CCK8 assay, wound healing assay, and β-galactosidase staining were conducted to detect the beneficial effects of hucMSCs on high glucose-induced rat podocytes. Real-time PCR and western blot assays were applied to explore the mechanism of action of hucMSCs.

Results

The in vivo data revealed that hucMSCs were distributed into kidneys and significantly protected kidneys from diabetic damage. The in vitro data indicated that hucMSCs improved cell viability, wound healing, senescence of the high glucose-damaged rat podocytes through a paracrine action mode. Besides, the altered expressions of senescence-associated genes (p16, p53, and p21) and autophagy-associated genes (Beclin-1, p62, and LC3) were improved by hucMSCs. Mechanistically, hucMSCs protected high glucose-induced injury in rat podocytes by activating autophagy and attenuating senescence through the AMPK/mTOR pathway.

Conclusions

In conclusion, hucMSCs might be a promising therapeutic strategy for the clinical treatment of DN-induced renal damages.
Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem overexpressing microRNA-124-3p inhibit DLBCL progression by downregulating the NFATc1/cMYC pathway
Authors: Zhao Xiaoxuan , Xu Mingxi , Hu Xuemeng , Ding Xiaolei , Zhang Xian , Xu Liye , Li Li , Sun Xiuhua , Song Jincheng
Published: May 2023

Background

Exosomes play important roles in intercellular communication by delivering microRNAs (miRNAs) that mediate tumor initiation and development, including those in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). To date, however, limited studies on the inhibitory effect of exosomes derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) on DLBCL progression have been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of hBMSC exosomes carrying microRNA-124-3p in the development of DLBCL.

Methods

Microarray-based expression analysis was adopted to identify differentially expressed genes and regulatory miRNAs, which revealed the candidate NFATc1. Next, the binding affinity between miR-124-3p and NFATc1 was detected by luciferase activity assays. The mechanism underlying NFATc1 regulation was investigated using lentiviral transfections. Subsequently, DLBCL cells were cocultured with exosomes derived from hBMSCs transfected with a miR-124-3p mimic or control. Proliferation and apoptosis were measured in vitro. Finally, the effects of hBMSC-miR-124-3p on tumor growth were investigated in vivo.

Results

MiR-124-3p was expressed at low levels, while NFATc1 was highly expressed in DLBCL cells. MiR-124-3p specifically targeted and negatively regulated the expression of NFATc1 in DLBCL cells, upregulated miR-124-3p-inhibited DLBCL cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. The miR-124-3p derived from hBMSCs inhibits tumor growth both in vivo and in vitro via downregulation of the NFATc1/cMYC pathway.

Conclusion

Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell overexpressing microRNA-124-3p represses the development of DLBCL through the downregulation of NFATc1.
Light in the box—photobiological examination chamber with light trap ventilation system for studying fungal surface cultures illustrated with Metarhizium brunneum and Beauveria brongniartii
Authors: Vrabl Pamela , Zottele Maria , Colleselli Lucia , Schinagl Christoph Walter , Mayerhofer Laura , Siewert Bianka , Strasser Hermann
Published: May 2023

Due to their versatile way of life as saprophytes, endophytes, and entomopathogens, fungi of the genera Metarhizium and Beauveria are exposed to varying illumination conditions in their natural habitats, which makes a thorough adaptation to light very likely. While the few available studies for these genera support this assumption, research in this field is still in its infancy and the data material restricted to only a few fungal species. Thus, the aim of this work was to explore how light influences growth, conidial production and secondary metabolite formation of two industrial relevant strains of M. brunneum (MA 43, formerly M. anisopliae var. anisopliae BIPESCO 5/F52) and B. brongniartii (BIPESCO 2). To achieve this, we constructed an easily adjustable illumination device for highly standardized photophysiological studies of fungi on Petri dishes, the so-called LIGHT BOX. With the aid of this device, M. brunneum and B. brongniartii were grown on S4G or S2G agar at 25 °C for 14 days either in complete darkness or under constant illumination with red light (λpeak = 635 nm), green light (λpeak = 519 nm) or blue light (λpeak = 452 nm). In addition, for each wavelength the effect of different illumination intensities was tested, i.e., intensities of red light ranging from 22.1 ± 0.1 to 136.5 ± 0.3 µW cm-2, green light from 16.5 ± 0.1 to 96.2 ± 0.1 µW cm-2, and blue light from 56.1 ± 0.2 to 188.9 ± 0.6 µW cm-2. Both fungi strongly responded in terms of growth, conidial production, pigmentation and morphology to changes in the wavelength and irradiation intensity. The wavelength-dependent production of the well-known secondary metabolite oosporein which is secreted by the genus Beauveria in particular, was also increased under green and blue light exposure. The established LIGHT BOX system allows not only to optimize conidial production yields with these biotechnologically relevant fungi, but also allows the photobiological exploration of other fungi.
Management of regional citrate anticoagulation for continuous renal replacement therapy: guideline recommendations from Chinese emergency medical doctor consensus
Authors: Liu Shu-Yuan , Xu Sheng-Yong , Yin Lu , Yang Ting , Jin Kui , Zhang Qiu-Bin , Sun Feng , Tan Ding-Yu , Xin Tian-Yu , Chen Yu-Guo , Zhao Xiao-Dong , Yu Xue-Zhong , Xu Jun ,   Emergency Medical Doctor Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Chen Xu-Feng , Chen Zhi , Dou Qing-Li , Guan Jian , Gui Yao-Song , Huang Zhong-Wei , Li Xiao-Min , Liu Dan-Ping , Lv Jing-Jun , Liu Yong , Qian Chuan-Yun , Shan Yi , Shi Yan , Sun Ming , Wu Hai-Ying , Xia Jian , Xu Feng , Xu Tie , Yan Xian-Liang , Yang Jian-Zhong , Yu Yong-Wu , Zhang Jin-Song , Zhang Mao , Zhang Wei , Zhao Hong-Yu , Zheng Dong-Hui , Zhou Ping , Zhu Bao-Feng , Zhu Hua-Dong , Shen Shi-Qian , Prowle John , Bellgardt Martin
Published: May 2023

Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is widely used for treating critically-ill patients in the emergency department in China. Anticoagulant therapy is needed to prevent clotting in the extracorporeal circulation during CRRT. Regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) has been shown to potentially be safer and more effective and is now recommended as the preferred anticoagulant method for CRRT. However, there is still a lack of unified standards for RCA management in the world, and there are many problems in using this method in clinical practice. The Emergency Medical Doctor Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association (CMDA) organized a panel of domestic emergency medicine experts and international experts of CRRT to discuss RCA-related issues, including the advantages and disadvantages of RCA in CRRT anticoagulation, the principle of RCA, parameter settings for RCA, monitoring of RCA (mainly metabolic acid–base disorders), and special issues during RCA. Based on the latest available research evidence as well as the paneled experts’ clinical experience, considering the generalizability, suitability, and potential resource utilization, while also balancing clinical advantages and disadvantages, a total of 16 guideline recommendations were formed from the experts’ consensus.
Health behaviors among head and neck cancer survivors
Authors: McMenamin Erin , Gottschalk Abigail Blauch , Pucci Donna A. , Jacobs Linda A.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

To determine to what extent head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors participate in health behaviors (HBs) recommended by the National Cancer Center Network (NCCN®).

Methods

Participants identified through the tumor registries at the Abramson Cancer Center (ACC), University of Pennsylvania and affiliated sites. Eligibility: (a) diagnosis and treatment HNC; (b) aged 18 to 70 years; (c) ≥ 1-year post-diagnosis; (d) human papillomavirus (HPV) status confirmed; (e) ability to understand written English. Potential participants received an explanation of the study, informed consent, self-reported questionnaire, and self-addressed stamped envelope.

Results

451 individuals eligible, 102 (23%) agreed to participate, HPV positive (74%). Current smoking rare (7%), historical use common (48%). Current alcohol use common (65%), average 2.1 drinks/day, 12 days/month. 22% binge drank with an average of 3.5 binge-drinking sessions per month. Nutritional behavior mean 7.1 (range 0–16), lower scores indicating better nutrition. Body mass index (BMI) 59% overweight/obese. Adequate aerobic exercise 59%, adequate strength and flexibility 64%. Leisure time activity, 18% sedentary, 19% moderately active, 64% active. All participants reported having a primary care physician, 92% seen in the previous 12 months.

Conclusions

Most HNC survivors participated in some HBs. Current smoking rarely reported, binge drinking and high BMI most common negative HBs. Opportunities remain to improve dietary and exercise behaviors.

Implications for cancer survivors

The NCCN® has outlined HBs that decrease likelihood of cancer survivors developing comorbidities that could impact overall survival. It is incumbent on healthcare providers to educate and encourage cancer survivors to participate in these HBs.
The invisible 800-pound gorilla: expertise can increase inattentional blindness
Authors: Robson Samuel G. , Tangen Jason M.
Published: May 2023

People can fail to notice objects and events in their visual environment when their attention is engaged elsewhere. This phenomenon is known as inattentional blindness, and its consequences can be costly for important real-world decisions. However, not noticing certain visual information could also signal expertise in a domain. In this study, we compared professional fingerprint analysts and novices on a fingerprint matching task in which we covertly placed an image of a gorilla into one of the prints. This gorilla was either small, or large, but always embedded in a way that made it largely irrelevant to the primary task. We found that analysts were more likely than the novices to miss the large gorilla. We interpret this finding not as a flaw in how these experts make decisions, but most likely an expression of their expertise; instead of processing more information they filter out irrelevant information and constrain their attention to what is important.
Performance-linked visual feedback slows response times during a sustained attention task
Authors: Steinkrauss Ashley C. , Shaikh Anjum F. , O’Brien Powers Erin , Moher Jeff
Published: May 2023

In the present study, we tested a visual feedback triggering system based on real-time tracking of response time (RT) in a sustained attention task. In our task, at certain points, brief visual feedback epochs were presented without interrupting the task itself. When these feedback epochs were performance-linked—meaning that they were triggered because participants were responding more quickly than usual—RTs were slowed after the presentation of feedback. However, visual feedback epochs displayed at predetermined times that were independent of participants’ performance did not slow RTs. Results from a second experiment support the idea that this is not simply a return to baseline that would have occurred had the feedback not been presented, but instead suggest that the feedback itself was effective in altering participants’ responses. In a third experiment, we replicated this result across with both written word feedback and visual symbolic feedback, as well as in cases where the participant was explicitly told that the feedback was linked to their performance. All together, these data provide insight into potential mechanisms for detecting and disrupting lapses in sustained attention without interrupting a continuous task.
Association between leukocyte telomere length and COVID-19 severity
Authors: Mahmoodpoor Ata , Sanaie Sarvin , Eskandari Maqsoud , Behrouzi Nazila , Taghizadeh Majid , Roudbari Faranak , Emamalizadeh Babak , Sohrabifar Nasim , Kazeminasab Somayeh
Published: May 2023

Background

Inter-individual variations in the clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection are among the challenging features of COVID-19. The known role of telomeres in cell proliferation and immune competency highlights their possible function in infectious diseases. Variability in telomere length is an invaluable parameter in the heterogeneity of the clinical presentation of diseases.

Result

In this study, our aim was to investigate the possible association between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and COVID-19 severity. LTL was measured in 100 patients with moderate and severe forms of COVID-19 using the quantitative PCR (q-PCR) method. Statistical analysis confirmed a strong inverse correlation between relative LTL and COVID-19 severity.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that LTL can be a useful parameter for predicting disease severity in patients, as individuals with short telomeres may have a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19.
Evidence versus expectancy: the development of psilocybin therapy
Authors: Rucker James J.
Published: May 2023

Although the development of psilocybin therapy has come as a surprise to many, modern research with the drug has been ongoing for 25 years. Psilocybin therapy is composed of psilocybin dosing sessions embedded within a wider process of psychoeducation, psychological support and integration. Early phase clinical trial evidence is promising, particularly for treatment-resistant depression. However, masking probably fails and expectancy effects may be a part of the mechanism of change. Disambiguating between drug and expectancy effects is a necessary part of the development process, yet this is difficult if masking fails. Hitherto, masking and expectancy have not been routinely measured in psilocybin or other medication trials. Doing so represents an opportunity for research and may influence psychiatry more widely. In this opinion piece I summarise the clinical development process of psilocybin therapy thus far, discussing the hope, the hype, the challenges and the opportunities along the way.
White matter microstructure changes in adults with major depressive disorder: evidence from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Wu Gang , Mei Bohui , Hou Xiaofang , Wang Fukun , Zang Chen , Zhang Xiaoya , Zhang Zhenjiang
Published: May 2023

Background

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious psychiatric disorder marked by low mood and anhedonia. Understanding the neural mechanism of MDD is essential for the treatment of depression. White matter fibres, connecting different computational units in the brain, have an important effect on brain function; however, the mechanism of white matter fibre abnormality in MDD is still unclear.

Aims

Our study expected to find white matter abnormalities associated with the frontal lobe and hippocampus in individuals with MDD.

Method

Using diffusion tensor imaging data and tract-based spatial statistics, we investigated the microstructural differences in white matter fibre tracts between 30 adults with MDD compared with 31 healthy controls, and calculated the association between MDD-related microstructural changes and illness duration.

Results

It was found that patients with MDD showed reduced fractional anisotropy in the genu and body of the corpus callosum, right corona radiata and part of the thalamic radiations, suggesting lower fibrous myelination levels in these regions; the decreased fractional anisotropy in these regions was associated with longer illness duration.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that MDD may be associated with microstructural damage of key fibre tracts, which could provide insights into the understanding and treatment of MDD.
The Burden of Obesity in Type 1 Diabetic Subjects: A Sex-specific Analysis From the AMD Annals Initiative
Authors: Giandalia Annalisa , Russo Giuseppina Tiziana , Ruggeri Patrizia , Giancaterini Annalisa , Brun Elisabetta , Cristofaro Mariarosaria , Bogazzi Anna , Rossi Maria Chiara , Lucisano Giuseppe , Rocca Alberto , Manicardi Valeria , Bartolo Paolo Di , Cianni Graziano Di , Giuliani Chiara , Napoli Angela
Published: May 2023

Objective

Obesity is a growing emergency in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Sex differences in obesity prevalence and its clinical consequences in adult T1D subjects have been poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of obesity and severe obesity, clinical correlates, and potential sex differences in a large cohort of T1D subjects participating to the AMD (Associazione Medici Diabetologi) Annals Initiative in Italy.

Research Design and Methods

The prevalence of obesity [body mass index(BMI) ≥30 kg/m2] and severe obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) according to sex and age, as well as obesity-associated clinical variables, long-term diabetes complications, pharmacological treatment, process indicators and outcomes, and overall quality of care (Q-score) were evaluated in 37 436 T1D subjects (45.3% women) attending 282 Italian diabetes clinics during 2019.

Results

Overall, the prevalence of obesity was similar in the 2 sexes (13.0% in men and 13.9% in women; mean age 50 years), and it increased with age, affecting 1 out of 6 subjects ages >65 years. Only severe obesity (BMI >35 kg/m2) was more prevalent among women, who showed a 45% higher risk of severe obesity, compared with men at multivariate analysis. Cardiovascular disease risk factors (lipid profile, glucose, and blood pressure control), and the overall quality of diabetes care were worse in obese subjects, with no major sex-related differences. Also, micro- and macrovascular complications were more frequent among obese than nonobese T1D men and women.

Conclusions

Obesity is a frequent finding in T1D adult subjects, and it is associated with a higher burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors, micro- and macrovascular complications, and a lower quality of care, with no major sex differences. T1D women are at higher risk of severe obesity.
Approach to the Patient: Case Studies in Pediatric Growth Hormone Deficiency and Their Management
Authors: Henry Rohan K , Miller Bradley S
Published: May 2023

Context

Pathologies attributed to perturbations of the GH/IGF-I axis are among the most common referrals received by pediatric endocrinologists.

Aim

In this article, distinctive cased-based presentations are used to provide a practical and pragmatic approach to the management of pediatric growth hormone deficiency (GHD).

Cases

We present 4 case vignettes based on actual patients that illustrate (1) congenital GHD, (2) childhood GHD presenting as failure to thrive, (3) childhood GHD presenting in adolescence as growth deceleration, and (4) childhood-onset GHD manifesting as metabolic complications in adolescence. We review patient presentation and a management approach that aims to highlight diagnostic considerations for treatment based on current clinical guidelines, with mention of new therapeutic and diagnostic modalities being used in the field.

Conclusion

Pediatric GHD is diverse in etiology and clinical presentation. Timely management has the potential not only to improve growth but can also ameliorate or even mitigate adverse metabolic outcomes, which can be directly attributed to a GH deficient state.
Scleraxis-lineage cells are required for correct muscle patterning
Authors: Ono Yudai , Schlesinger Saundra , Fukunaga Kanako , Yambe Shinsei , Sato Tempei , Sasaki Takako , Shukunami Chisa , Asahara Hiroshi , Inui Masafumi
Published: May 2023

Movement of the vertebrate body is supported by the connection of muscle, tendon and bone. Each skeletal muscle in the vertebrate body has a unique shape and attachment site; however, the mechanism that ensures reproducible muscle patterning is incompletely understood. In this study, we conducted targeted cell ablation using scleraxis (Scx)-Cre to examine the role of Scx-lineage cells in muscle morphogenesis and attachment in mouse embryos. We found that muscle bundle shapes and attachment sites were significantly altered in embryos with Scx-lineage cell ablation. Muscles in the forelimb showed impaired bundle separation and limb girdle muscles distally dislocated from their insertion sites. Scx-lineage cells were required for post-fusion myofiber morphology, but not for the initial segregation of myoblasts in the limb bud. Furthermore, muscles could change their attachment site, even after formation of the insertion. Lineage tracing suggested that the muscle patterning defect was primarily attributed to the reduction of tendon/ligament cells. Our study demonstrates an essential role of Scx-lineage cells in the reproducibility of skeletal muscle attachment, in turn revealing a previously unappreciated tissue–tissue interaction in musculoskeletal morphogenesis.
Η συννοσηρότητα ως προγνωστικό εργαλείο για την εκδήλωση μετεγχειρητικών επιπλοκών μετά από νεφρεκτομή
Authors: Φραγκιάδης Ευάγγελος
Published: May 2023

Σκοπός: Η συννοσηρότητα μαζί με τα χαρακτηριστικά του όγκου και του ασθενούς, λαμβάνονται υπόψη όταν αποφασίζεται η χειρουργική θεραπεία του νεφροκυτταρικού καρκίνου. Η συννοσηροτητα έχει χρησιμοποιηθεί σαν ανεξάρτητος προβλεπτικός παράγοντας για την εκδήλωση μετεγχειρητικής επιπλοκής σε πολλές μείζονες ουρολογικές επεμβάσεις συμπεριλαμβανομένης και της ριζικής νεφρεκτομής για νεφροκυτταρικό καρκίνο. Σκοπός της παρούσης μελέτης είναι η αντικειμενική διερεύνηση της συσχέτισης μεταξύ συννοσηρότητας και μετεγχειρητικών επιπλοκών μετά από ριζική νεφρεκτομή για νεφροκυτταρικό καρκίνο, χρησιμοποιώντας τυποποιημένα συστήματα για να βαθμονομήσουμε τόσο τη συννοσηρότητα όσο και τη βαρύτητα των μετεγχειρητικών επιπλοκών. Υλικό & Μέθοδος: Προοπτική μελέτη που συμπεριέλαβε όλους τους ασθενείς (182) που υποβλήθηκαν σε προγραμματισμένη ριζική νεφρεκτομή, για όγκους νεφρού στο διάστημα 1/1/2010 – 3/9/2013. Η εκτίμηση της συνοδού νοσηρότητας έγινε υπολογίζοντας τον δείκτη Charlson Comorbibidity Index (CCI) και τον Age Adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (AA-CCS). Οι μετεγχειρητικές επιπλοκές καταγράφηκαν για διάστημα 40 ημερών και βαθμονομήθηκαν με το σύστημα Clavien Dindo. Aποτελέσματα: Στη μελέτη συμπεριλήφθηκαν 171 ασθενείς (11 ασθενείς είχαν ελλιπή στοιχεία και δεν μελετήθηκαν) 35-88 ετών (μ.ο. 63,6±11.7 έτη) Ο CCI ήταν 0 για 87 ασθενείς, 1 για 38 ασθενείς, 2 για 21 ασθενείς , 3 για 8 ασθενείς, 4 για 4 ασθενείς, 5 για 1 ασθενή, 6 για 8 ασθενείς, 7 για 2 ασθενείς και 8 για 2 ασθενείς.Ο AA-CCI ήταν 0 για 19 ασθενείς, 1 για 26 ασθενείς, 2 για 31 ασθενείς , 3 για 40 ασθενείς, 4 για 18 ασθενείς, 5 για 15 ασθενείς, 6 για 3 ασθενείς, 7 για 8 ασθενείς, 8 για 8 ασθενείς, 9 για έναν ασθενή και 10 για 2 ασθενείς.98 ασθενείς (57,3%) δεν είχαν καμία επιπλοκή, Από τους 73 ασθενείς που εμφάνισαν επιπλοκές, τo grade κατά Clavien Dindo ήταν: 1 για 35 ασθενείς, 2 για 24 ασθενείς, 3 για 4 ασθενείς, 4 για 6 ασθενείς και 5 για 4 ασθενείςΗ ανάλυση έδειξε στατιστική σημαντικότητα στο συσχετισμό του CCI και του AA-CCI με το Clavien (p=0,038 και p=0,014 αντίστοιχα) και θετική προγνωστική ικανότητα για τους ασθενείς που πρόκειται να υποστούν σοβαρή επιπλοκή (Clavien >2) (ROC curve area 0,794 και 0,753 αντίστοιχα) p<0,05. Συμπεράσματα: H παρούσα προοπτική μελέτη έδειξε ότι σημαντικά περισσότερες σοβαρές επιπλοκές συμβαίνουν σε ασθενείς με βαριά συννοσηρότητα.Οι δείκτες CCI και ΑΑ-CCI υπολογίζονται εύκολα και πρέπει να ενσωματωθούν στην προεγχειρητική συμβουλή, ειδικά σε ηλικιωμένους ασθενείς με σημαντική συννοσηρότητα και ευνοϊκά ογκολογικά χαρακτηριστικά, στους οποίους μπορούν να εφαρμοστούν λιγότερο επεμβατικές παρεμβάσεις ή ακόμα και ενεργητική παρακολούθηση.
The digital transformation in the public sector
Authors: Πατεργιαννάκη Ζωή
Published: May 2023

Η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση έχει θέσει ως προτεραιότητα την ανάπτυξη της ηλεκτρονικής διακυβέρνησης και του ψηφιακού μετασχηματισμού, ενώ πληθώρα διεθνών οργανισμών, συμπεριλαμβανομένων των Ηνωμένων Εθνών και της Ευρωπαϊκής Επιτροπής, έχουν προτείνει μεθόδους για τη μέτρησή τους. Ωστόσο, στις διάφορες εκθέσεις αξιολόγησης της ψηφιακής της ετοιμότητας, η Ελλάδα έχει λάβει αντικρουόμενα αποτελέσματα. Η παρούσα μελέτη στοχεύει να εξετάσει τον τρόπο με τον οποίο εφαρμόστηκαν στην Ελλάδα οι στρατηγικές και οι στόχοι της ηλεκτρονικής διακυβέρνησης που προτάθηκαν από την Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή από το 2006 έως το 2020. Τα ευρήματα δείχνουν ότι η Ελλάδα διαφοροποιήθηκε από την προτεινόμενη στρατηγική και ακολούθησε ένα διαφορετικό πλαίσιο ψηφιακού μετασχηματισμού. Η μελέτη συνεχίζει με μια ανάλυση της ανάπτυξης και υιοθέτησης της ηλεκτρονικής διακυβέρνησης σε επίπεδο τοπικής αυτοδιοίκησης λόγω του σημαντικού αντίκτυπού της στην καθημερινή ζωή των ανθρώπων και του αποκλεισμού της από τις εκθέσεις κατάταξης για τον ψηφιακό μετασχηματισμό. Διενεργείται βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση αναφορικά με την ανάπτυξη της Ηλεκτρονικής Διακυβέρνησης στους ελληνικούς δήμους και αξιολογείται η ποιότητα 50 δημοτικών πυλών ηλεκτρονικής διακυβέρνησης χρησιμοποιώντας τρεις διακριτές προοπτικές, αυτή της προσφοράς (Μοντέλα ωριμότητας ηλεκτρονικής διακυβέρνησης), της ζήτησης (Μοντέλα αποδοχής τεχνολογίας) και της αντικειμενικής αξιολόγησης (Οδηγίες προσβασιμότητας στον ιστό χρησιμοποιώντας το αυτοματοποιημένο εργαλείο Lighthouse). Τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν ότι οι μεθοδολογίες από την πλευρά της ζήτησης παρέχουν μια πιο ολοκληρωμένη αξιολόγηση της ποιότητας της πύλης ηλεκτρονικής διακυβέρνησης, ενώ οι αντικειμενικές μέθοδοι που χρησιμοποιούν αυτοματοποιημένα εργαλεία απαιτούν περαιτέρω ανάπτυξη. Η ανάλυση καταλήγει στο συμπέρασμα ότι οι δήμοι αποδίδουν σε μεσαίο επίπεδο όσον αφορά την ποιότητα της Ηλεκτρονικής Διακυβέρνησης σε όλες τις μεθόδους, με κύριο θέμα την έλλειψη χρησιμότητας. Λαμβάνοντας υπόψη την συγκεκριμένη έλλειψη, χρησιμοποιήθηκε η προσέγγιση πληθοπορισμού (crowdsourcing) για να συλλεχθούν οι απόψεις των πολιτών αναφορικά με τις υπηρεσίες που επιθυμούν να παρέχονται μέσω των πυλών ηλεκτρονικής διακυβέρνησης. Η μελέτη καταλήγει σε μια νέα τυπολογία σχετικά με τον τρόπο με τον οποίο πρέπει να αναπτυχθούν οι πύλες ηλεκτρονικής διακυβέρνησης προκειμένου να θεωρηθούν χρήσιμες.
Αναπτυξιακοί μηχανισμοί κατά τη μορφογένεση της παρεγκεφαλίδας στον οργανισμό μοντέλο Gallus domesticus
Authors: Κομματά Βασιλική
Published: May 2023

Στην παρούσα διατριβή μελετήθηκαν οι παράμετροι που εμπλέκονται στη διαμόρφωση της ελίκωσης του παρεγκεφαλιδικού φλοιού. Αρχικά βρέθηκε ότι ο ρυθμός πολλαπλασιασμού των κοκκωδών κυττάρων της EGL ζώνης (κύρια ζώνη πολλαπλασιασμού των κυττάρων στην αναπτυσσόμενη παρεγκεφαλίδα) αποτελεί έναν βασικό μηχανισμό διαμόρφωσης των ελικώσεων. Συγκεκριμένα, ο υψηλότερος ρυθμός πολλαπλασιασμού των κοκκωδών κυττάρων στην κορυφή συγκριτικά με τη βάση του αναπτυσσόμενου λοβού, ευθύνεται για την προς την έσω ελίκωση του παρεγκεφαλιδικού φλοιού και την ταυτόχρονη αύξηση του λοβού. Παράλληλα, φάνηκε ότι η στιβάδα των κυττάρων Purkinje εμπλέκεται στο σχηματισμό των λοβών με ταυτόχρονη αλλαγή στη μορφολογία (επιμήκυνση) των κοκκωδών κυττάρων και συσσώρευσή τους στα ‘κέντρα αγκίστρωσης’. Ακολούθως, μελετήθηκε η εμπλοκή κάποιων πρωτεϊνών (π.χ. αυξητικοί παράγοντες, διαμεμβρανικές πρωτεΐνες) στην τελική διαμόρφωση των ελικώσεων του παρεγκεφαλιδικού φλοιού. Παρατηρήθηκε εμπλοκή του αυξητικού παράγοντα πλειοτροπίνη στον πολλαπλασιασμό, την ωρίμανση και τη μετανάστευση των κοκκωδών κυττάρων της EGL ζώνης, ειδικότερα στις κορυφές των αναπτυσσόμενων λοβών. Επίσης, διαπιστώθηκε η συμμετοχή του διαμεμβρανικού υποδοχέα ιντεγκρίνη στην τελική διαμόρφωση της ελίκωσης του παρεγκεφαλιδικού φλοιού καθώς παρατηρήθηκε διαφορετικό πρότυπο έκφρασης στις κορυφές του αναπτυσσόμενου λοβού συγκριτικά με τα τοιχώματα και τις βάσεις. Ένα επιπλέον μόριο που μελετήθηκε και φαίνεται να συμμετέχει είναι το ενδιάμεσο ινίδιο βιμεντίνη που εκφράζεται στα γλοιακά κύτταρα. Το χωροχρονικό πρότυπο έκφρασης της βιμεντίνης καθόλη τη διάρκεια της ανάπτυξης υποδεικνύει ότι τα κύτταρα της ακτινωτής γλοίας παίζουν καθοριστικό ρόλο στην οργάνωση της στιβαδωτής δομής του φλοιού της παρεγκεφαλίδας, καθώς οι ίνες της ακτινωτής γλοίας παρέχουν ένα ικρίωμα για τη μετανάστευση των κοκκωδών κυττάρων της EGL ζώνης πολλαπλασιασμού. Τέλος, διερευνήθηκε η συμμετοχή του γλουταμινικό οξέος και του νευροτροποποιητή μονοξείδιο του αζώτου (ΝΟ) στη διαμόρφωση του παρεγκεφαλιδικού φλοιού. Φαρμακευτική αναστολή των AMPA υποδοχέων του γλουταμινικού οξέος με τη χρήση του αναστολέα CNQX, δεν έδειξε κάποια σημαντική επίδραση στο ρυθμό πολλαπλασιασμού των κοκκωδών κυττάρων της EGL ζώνης. Αντίθετα, φαρμακευτική αναστολή της νευρωνικής συνθάσης του ΝΟ, με τη χρήση του L-NAME, αποκάλυψε ότι το μονοξείδιο του αζώτου (ΝΟ), ανάλογα με το αναπτυξιακό στάδιο, επηρεάζει διαφορετικά τον πολλαπλασιασμό των κοκκωδών κυττάρων της EGL, έχοντας σημαντικό ρόλο στη ρύθμιση του ρυθμού νευρογένεσης στον εμβρυικό εγκέφαλο όρνιθας. Συνολικά, τα αποτελέσματα της μελέτης προτείνουν το ρόλο του ΝΟ, της βιμεντίνης, ιντεγκρίνης και της πλειοτροπίνης στην κυτοαρχιτεκτονική οργάνωση και ελίκωση της εμβρυικής παρεγκεφαλίδας μέσω σύνθετων μηχανισμών που σχετίζονται τον ρυθμό κυτταρικού πολλαπλασιασμού στην EGL και την μετανάστευση των κοκκωδών κυττάρων.
Organization of preparation of formations of the National Guard troops of the Russian Federation to participate in a special military operation
Authors: Mel'nichuk Viktor , Gorelov Stanislav , Fetisov Aleksandr
Published: May 2023

The monograph reviews and summarizes the experience of combat training of operational units of the National Guard of the Russian Federation in special conditions. The authors have developed scientific and methodological provisions on the adaptation of the content of combat training of formations of the National Guard of the Russian Federation to the conditions of their service-combat (combat) use in a special military operation. In addition, they have determined the appropriate forms of organization of combat training in these conditions.
It is intended for teachers, students (cadets) of military educational institutions of the power structures of the Russian Federation and for use in the practical activities of commanders of various levels of management.
Does Agricultural Credit Mitigate the Effect of Climate Change on Sugarcane Production? Evidence from Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Ansari Shoaib , Ansari Saghir Ahmad , Khan Amir
Published: May 2023

This paper examines agricultural financing and technological advances (fertilizer and irrigation) to mitigate the effect of climate change (temperature and rainfall) on Uttar Pradesh. Augmented Dickey–Fuller and P.P. test was used to identify variable unit roots test. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and Error correction model (E.C.M.) estimated long and short-run parameters for selected variables in Uttar Pradesh from 1990-91 to 2020-21. ARDL bounds testing indicated long-term co-integration between variables. This study revealed that In Uttar Pradesh, rainfall increased sugarcane output Increased, but temperature decreased. Long-term agricultural credit enhanced sugarcane output. The policy implication/recommendation or suggestion that it is used to invest in modern technology to production was maximum. The fertilizer improved and then increased sugarcane yield, showing that technology is crucial. This report recommends more comprehensive agricultural policies to suit the sector's financial demands and boost production technologies.
Research Roundup
Authors: Winter George
Published: May 2023

George Winter provides an overview of recently published articles that may be of interest to practice nurses. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided.
Extraction and Characterization of β-Glucan from Kombucha Bacterial Cellulose and Concentrated Kombucha: Evaluating their Bile Acid Binding Capacity
Authors:   Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand, Charoenrak Sonthirat , Wakayama Mamoru ,   Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu Shiga, Japan, Charumanee Suporn ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand, Sirisa-ard Panee ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand, Bovonsombut Sittisin ,   Faculty of Engineering and Agro-Industry, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand, Kiatkarun Suwalee ,   Amazing Tea Limited Partnership (Tea Gallery Group), Chiang Mai, 50000, Thailand, Chitov Thararat ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand,   Environmental Science Research Center (ESRC), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Bovonsombut Sakunnee ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand,   Environmental Science Research Center (ESRC), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Published: May 2023

β-glucan is a water-soluble polysaccharide present in natural products and has many health benefi ts such as its role as a dietary fi ber. This study aimed to extract and characterize β-glucan in kombucha bacterial cellulose (KBC) powder and concentrated kombucha. The extraction method used was ultrasound sonication combined with enzymatic treatment. The results showed that the content of β-glucan was 19.70% (w/w) in KBC extract and 8.34% (w/v) in concentrated kombucha extract, determined using β-glucan assay kit (Mixed linkage). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis confi rmed the presence of β-glucan with β-(1→3) and β-(1→4) glucan linkages, as well as the presence of proteins, mannans, and other components in both KBC β-glucan and concentrated kombucha β-glucan extracts. Regarding bile acid binding potential, concentrated kombucha β-glucan exhibited a high bile acid binding capacity for up to 24 hours, while KBC β-glucan only retained this capacity for up to 4 hours. Altogether, these fi ndings highlight the presence and properties of β-glucan in kombucha, suggesting its potential as a functional ingredient with health benefi ts.
Normative cerebral microvascular blood flow waveform morphology assessed with diffuse correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Urner Tara M. , Cowdrick Kyle R. , Brothers Rowan O. , Boodooram Tisha , Zhao Hongting , Goyal Vidisha , Sathialingam Eashani , Quadri Ayesha , Turrentine Katherine , Akbar Mariam M. , Triplett Sydney E. , Bai Shasha , Buckley Erin M.
Published: May 2023

Microvascular cerebral blood flow exhibits pulsatility at the cardiac frequency that carries valuable information about cerebrovascular health. This study used diffuse correlation spectroscopy to quantify normative features of these waveforms in a cohort of thirty healthy adults. We demonstrate they are sensitive to changes in vascular tone, as indicated by pronounced morphological changes with hypercapnia. Further, we observe significant sex-based differences in waveform morphology, with females exhibiting higher flow, greater area-under-the-curve, and lower pulsatility. Finally, we quantify normative values for cerebral critical closing pressure, i.e., the minimum pressure required to maintain flow in a given vascular region.
Experimental study of spatial and temporal coherence in a laser diode with optical feedback
Authors: Duque Gijón María , Masoller Cristina , Tiana-Alsina Jordi
Published: May 2023

Optical feedback can reduce the linewidth of a semiconductor laser by several orders of magnitude, but it can also cause line broadening. Although these effects on the temporal coherence of the laser are well known, a good understanding of the effects of feedback on the spatial coherence is still lacking. Here we present an experimental technique that allows discriminating the effects of feedback on temporal and spatial coherence of the laser beam. We analyze the output of a commercial edge-emitting laser diode, comparing the contrast of speckle images recorded using a multimode (MM) or single mode (SM) fiber and an optical diffuser, and also, comparing the optical spectra at the end of the MM or SM fiber. Optical spectra reveal feedback-induced line broadening, while speckle analyses reveal reduced spatial coherence due to feedback-excited spatial modes. These modes reduce the speckle contrast (SC) up to 50% when speckle images are recorded using the MM fiber, but do not affect the SC when the images are recorded using the SM fiber and diffuser, because the spatial modes that are excited by the feedback are filtered out by the SM fiber. This technique is generic and can be used to discriminate spatial and temporal coherence of other types of lasers and under other operating conditions that can induce a chaotic output.
Long-range underwater optical wireless communication systems in turbulent conditions
Authors: Sabbagh Abbasali Ghorban
Published: May 2023

In this paper, single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) photodetectors are leveraged across long-range underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) systems for non-turbid waters, i.e., pure sea and clear ocean, in weak turbulent conditions. We derive the bit error probability of the system using on-off keying (OOK) along with two types of SPADs: ideal, i.e., with zero dead time, and practical, i.e., with non-zero dead time. In our investigations for OOK systems, we study the effect of using both the optimum threshold (OTH) and constant threshold (CTH) at the receiver. Furthermore, we analyze the performance of systems using binary pulse position modulation (B-PPM) and compare them with the ones using OOK. Our results are presented for practical SPADs and both active and passive quenching circuits. We demonstrate that OOK systems with OTH perform slightly better than B-PPM. However, our investigations reveal that in turbulent conditions where using OTH may be challenging, employing B-PPM can be preferable to OOK.