bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zmiana udziału krajowej wartości dodanej eksportu w eksporcie produkcji przemysłowej ogółem na przykładzie Polski i wybranych krajów w latach 1995–2011
Authors: Oleszczuk Paweł
Published: September 2021

Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie koncepcji eksportu wartości dodanej oraz zweryfikowanie hipotezy o importochłonności eksportu wraz z postępującymi procesami fragmentaryzacji produkcji przemysłowej poprzez porównanie różnic w eksporcie wartości dodanej na przykładzie Polski oraz jednego kraju azjatyckiego – Malezji. W publikacji wykazano, że równocześnie ze wzrostem poziomu globalnej wymiany handlowej między poszczególnymi krajami spada udział krajowej wartości dodanej w wartości całego eksportu. Wyniki obliczeń i analizy pozwoliły stwierdzić, że w Polsce zmniejszył się udział krajowej wartości dodanej w eksporcie produkcji przemysłowej z niecałych 81% w 1995 r. do 60% w 2011 r.

W opracowaniu wykorzystano dane Organizacji Współpracy Gospodarczej i Rozwoju za lata 1995, 2000, 2005 oraz 2008–2011 dotyczące eksportu wartości dodanej oraz eksportu produkcji przemysłowej Polski, Czech, Niemiec, Hiszpanii, Korei Południowej oraz Malezji.
Ewolucja koncepcji współtworzenia wartości
Authors: Bartkowiak Paweł
Published: September 2021

Celem artykułu jest prezentacja istoty oraz ewolucji koncepcji współtworzenia wartości dla klienta. W pierwszej części opracowania przedstawiona została istota tej koncepcji, a w drugiej ewolucja koncepcji oraz wybrane perspektywy jej analizy. Opracowanie zakończone zostało podsumowaniem z wnioskami wskazującymi na potencjalne kierunki badań – m.in. wyjaśnienie istoty współtworzenia oraz zasad relacji między zaangażowanymi stronami.
Samoocena dojrzałości w strategicznym zarządzaniu zasobami ludzkimi - spojrzenie przez pryzmat modelu ciągłego doskonalenia
Authors: Nogalski Bogdan , Niewiadomski Przemysław
Published: September 2021

Strategiczne zarządzanie zasobami ludzkimi jest postrzegane jako jednorodna i spójna metoda kierowa­nia najcenniejszym z kapitałów każdej organizacji, czyli ludźmi. Właściwe wykorzystanie w przedsię­biorstwie zasobów ludzkich sprowadza się do stworzenia takich warunków i możliwości, aby potencjał tkwiący w pracownikach mógł być wyzwolony i właściwie wykorzystany. W kontekście powyższego podjęto badania, których zasadniczym celem ustanowiono rozpoznanie poziomu dojrzałości przed­siębiorstw w strategicznym zarządzaniu zasobami ludzkimi jako kluczowym kryterium implikują­cym „jakość” firmy. Innymi słowy chodzi o ocenę, czy wykorzystanie zasobów ludzkich w danym przedsiębiorstwie sprowadza się do stworzenia takich warunków i możliwości, żeby potencjał tkwiący w pracownikach mógł być wyzwolony i właściwie wykorzystany w codziennym doskonaleniu organi­zacji poprzez małe, ale systematyczne zmiany. W nawiązaniu do tak nakreślonego celu jako działania niezbędne zarekomendowano wytypowanie pytań opiniujących poziom dojrzałości przedsiębiorstw w strategicznym zarządzaniu zasobami ludzkimi, na tej podstawie skompilowanie narzędzia badaw­czego, które w dalszej części pracy wykorzystano do oceny; indagację producentów części, podzespo­łów i gotowych maszyn rolniczych.
Odmienność modelu inwestycyjnego krajowych przedsiębiorstw niefinansowych na rynku funduszy inwestycyjnych w Polsce wobec modelu dominującego w Irlandii i Luksemburgu
Authors: Kosztowniak Aneta
Published: September 2021

Celem badań jest diagnoza ewolucji inwestycyjnej krajowych przedsiębiorstw niefinansowych na rynku funduszy inwestycyjnych w Polsce w latach 2010-2018 oraz wskazanie różnic i podobieństw wobec rynków w Irlandii i Luksemburgu. Postawiono następującą hipotezę badawczą: Nasilenie ekspansji kra¬jowych przedsiębiorstw niefinansowych na rynku zamkniętych funduszy inwestycyjnych w Polsce w latach 2010-2018 wynika z realizacji modelu biznesowego eksponującego poszerzanie dotychczasowej działal¬ności statutowej o nowe branże, o nowe typy funduszy i instrumenty finansowe w ramach działalności inwestycyjno-lokacyjnej, jak i o współpracę z inwestorami zagranicznymi w ramach grup kapitałowych.
Model biznesu a dojrzałość wytwórców sektora maszyn rolniczych - badanie rozstrzygające
Authors: Niewiadomski Przemysław
Published: September 2021

Znakomita większość zagadnień dotyczących konkurencyjności przedsiębiorstw wytwórczych związana jest nierozerwalnie z dopasowaniem do bieżących potrzeb rynku, co w perspektywie uzasadnia prokurowanie wyselekcjonowanych modeli biznesu. W kontekście powyższego podjęto badania, których zasadniczym celem ustanowiono odpowiedź na pytanie: Jaki model biznesu absorbują polskie przedsię­biorstwa wytwórcze działające w sektorze maszyn rolniczych? W nawiązaniu do tak nakreślonego celu jako działanie niezbędne zarekomendowano ewaluację - będącego wypadkową eksploracji piśmien­nictwa oraz dyskusji wśród celowo dobranych ekspertów (warstwa teoretyczno-projektowa) - modelu badawczego. Badanie przeprowadzono wśród wybranych producentów sektora maszyn rolniczych.
In Hospital Outcome of Mitral Valve Replacement with Severe Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Tumpa Rubaiya Reza , Ziaul Haque Al Masum , Hasan Md Kamrul
Published: September 2021

Background: In patients undergoing surgery for mitral valve replacement (MVR) for valvular heart disease, pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) has been considered a major risk factor. In this prospective study, we have studied the early hemodynamic changes and post-operative outcomes of MVR among patients with mild to severe PAH in Bangladesh perspective.
Methods: Total 60 patients who underwent mitral valve replacement for predominantly mitral regurgitation (MR) and mixed lesion with mitral stenosis (MS) having pulmonary arterial hypertension ranging from mild to severe pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) were studied prospectively for immediate postoperative haemodynamic and outcome. The mean age of the patients was 36.23±9.18 years. Total 13 (21.66%) patients had mitral regurgitation and 47 (78.33%) had mixed lesion with mitral stenosis. Patients were divided into two groups based on preoperative pulmonary artery pressures. Group A patients with mild to moderate pulmonary hypertension (PASP 40-59 mm of Hg) and Group B patients with severe pulmonary hypertension (PASPe” 60 mm of Hg).
Results: After mitral valve replacement, pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) decreased significantly in Group A to near normal levels (PASP41.25±7.25). In Group B also the PASP decreased insignificantly (PASP 61.85±9.12) but significant residual PAH remained. Operative mortality was nil (0%) in Group A and 6.7% in Group B.
Conclusions: Mitral valve replacement is safe and effective at the presence of PAH as long as the PASP is below or equal to 60 mm of Hg. With PASP >60 mm of Hg, MVR carries a high risk of mortality and the patients continues to have severe PAH in the postoperative period.
Cardiovasc j 2021; 14(1): 30-36
Cytological and colposcopic evaluation of abnormal cervix
Authors: Beg Ayesha , Islam Mohammad Aminul , Roy Nibedita , Jahan Khurshida , Yasmin Sabina , Ansari Nazma Parvin , Nahar Kamrun
Published: September 2021

The second most common cancer among women worldwide is cancer of the cervix commonly develop due to abnormal cervix. To evaluate abnormal cervix by cytology and colposcopy, a prospective study was undertaken among 100 women attending at the colposcopy clinic in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH) from January 2008 to July 2008. Cytological and colposcopic evaluation were done in all the patients attending the colposcopy clinic with various complaints like per vaginal discharge, post-coital bleeding, dyspareunia, irregular per vaginal bleeding, backache and abnormal cervix on examination. A biopsy was taken from 53 cases of colposcopically abnormal or clinically doubtful cervices. Cytology and colposcopy findings were compared with the histological results. Study results revealed that 26 apparently healthy cervices in naked eye examination showed abnormal cytology in 8 cases and premalignant and malignant changes was seen in 9 among colposcopically abnormal 11 cases. Among the 40 cases of ectropion, abnormal cytology found in 11 and premalignant and malignant changes in 13 cases. In 11 cases of nabothion cyst, 4 had abnormal cytology and premalignant changes in 2 cases. Among 10 erythema cases, 3 showed abnormal cytology and 6 showed premalignant and malignant changes. One ulcer case revealed malignancy on cytology, colposcopy and histopathology. The other 12 cases, abnormal cytology found in 7, premalignant and malignant changes found in 8. On cytological examination, abnormal cytology found in 34 cases, among these 26 revealed premalignant and malignant on biopsy report. Out of 66 negative cytological smear cases, 23 colposcopically positive and biopsy showed 13 cases as premalignant and malignant. So, 13% cases of premalignant and malignant lesion may be overlooked if cytology alone was used for screening.  This study revealed that colposcopy examination significantly reduces false negative cytology.  Results of this study concluded that combined procedures enhance diagnostic accuracy.

CBMJ 2019 January: vol. 08 no. 01 P: 3-11
Study on Screening tests among the Blood donors in Community Based Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Authors: Begum Nilufar , Ali Md Yunus , Haque Amdadul
Published: September 2021

The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of transfusion transmitted diseases (TTD) in voluntary and Replacement donors. A total of 4,885 donors were analyzed for the prevalence of TTD over a period of 1 year and 9 month from August 2016 to May 2018, Conducted at the Community Based Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, of these 38.8% were voluntary donors and 61.2% were replacement donors. Prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBv) was highest (.86%) followed by syphilis (.3%), HCV (.14%), Malaria (.06%) and HIV (.04%). Prevalence was more in male replacement donors. Seropositivity of TTD of this study was much lower among blood donors due to proper medical assessment of donors. Pre-donation donor screening procedures is helpful in improving the blood safety and reduces the prevalence of transfusion transmitted diseases.

CBMJ 2019 January: vol. 08 no. 01 P: 19-22
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN GURU DALAM MENGELOLA PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI SUPERVISI KLINIS DI SD NEGERI 41 AMPENAN
Authors: Kamarudin Kamarudin
Published: September 2021

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan supervisi klinis dalam proses pembelajaran guna meningkatkan kemampuan guru di SD Negeri 41 Ampenan. Penelitian menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah (PTS) dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan instrumen yang menggunakan panduan wawancara dan praktek langsung. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data digunakan teknik wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan model analisis interaktif dengan langkah pengumpulan data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pelaksanaan supervisi klinis dapat meningkatkan kemampuan guru-guru dalam proses pembelajaran di SD Negeri 41 Ampenan. Pembinaan guru melalui supervisi klinis dilakukan secara sistematis berkesinambungan melalui tahapan pra observasi, observasi pembelajaran, dan pasca observasi. Kemampuan guru mempu bekerja secara optimal dalam melaksanakan kewajiban, tugas, dan tanggungjawab serta perannya secara profesional. Melalui pendekatan supervisi klinis, guru mata pelajaran mampu meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam pengelolaan dalam pembelajaran dan dapat menciptakan kualitas pembelajaran di SD Negeri 41 Ampenan.Kata Kunci: Pengelolaan Pembelajaran, dan Supervisi Klinis.
Solar Energy Resources of Nakhchivan
Authors: Novruzova S.
Published: September 2021

The presented article examines the issues of energy security of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, which is an integral part of the Republic of Azerbaijan, and the use of renewable energy in its provision. For this purpose, the solar energy resources of the Autonomous Republic were studied. The study used theoretical, computational, observational and comparative analysis methods to estimate solar energy as a renewable energy resource. The main source for assessing the potential of solar energy of the Autonomous Republic — experimental and observation materials of the USSR Hydrometeorological Committee on the Republic of Azerbaijan and NAR for 1960–1980, the results of researches of the Institute of Geography of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences for 1936–1950, Nakhchivan AR experimental-observation materials of the Hydrometeorological Center for 1995–2015, static indicators of Nakhchivan Solar Power Plant for 2016–2017, as well as the results of theoretical and computational research were used. As a result of the study, it was determined that the annual value of total radiation (Q) in the horizontal area was 7541 and 6204 MC/m2, respectively, in the clear and medium cloudy sky. At the same time, the average annual transparency coefficient was 0.8229, 0.811 in winter and 0.897 in summer. The annual value of total radiation (Q) of the horizontal field in the territory of the NAR is higher than in other regions of the country, and the coefficient of transparency of the atmosphere is higher than in other regions, too. At the same time, the duration of solar radiation in the NAR is high and is 2792 hours. Formulas have been proposed to calculate the value of solar radiation falling on a horizontal surface on the basis of many years of experimental and observational materials. Using these calculation formulas, it is possible to calculate the total solar radiation on the horizontal surface for any area of the NAR.
Study of the Traits of Yield and Quality in the Hybrid Generation by Combinations of Tavkveri × Madrasa
Authors: Salimov V. , Guseinov M M. , Asadullaev R. , Nasibov Kh. , Guseinova A.
Published: September 2021

Research work carried out at the Azerbaijan Scientific Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking on the creation of new grape varieties that meet the requirements of crop production and are distinguished by high productivity and quality, resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, are of great relevance. The article describes the ampelographic features of new hybrid varieties, as well as the patterns of inheritance of properties and traits and the manifestation of dominance and heterosis in seedlings of the hybrid generation, created by selection in Azerbaijan Scientific Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking and its experimental farms. The results of the study and comparative analysis of the morphological, biological and economic-technological features of several hybrid varieties are presented, as well as a digital description of the traits and properties of genotypes, based on the use of ampelodescriptors of the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV).
Retrograde Tracheal Intubation: Indications, Stages, Technique
Authors: Chaulin A. , Vankov V.
Published: September 2021

Retrograde tracheal intubation occupies an important place in modern clinical practice and experimental studies when performing artificial lung ventilation to maintain vital functions of the human and mammalian body. Retrograde tracheal intubation has a very rich history (more than 50 years), and during this time this method has been repeatedly modified and optimized. This article discusses the indications and contraindications, equipment, stages and techniques of retrograde tracheal intubation.
Features of Laboratory Diagnostics CMVI by IFA Method (IgM, IgG) for the Period 2014-2020 in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Sadybakasova G. , Gasanov R.
Published: September 2021

This article discusses the problem of informing students of medical universities in Kyrgyzstan about CMVI, as well as an analysis of the population survey by ELISA for the detection of specific immunoglobulins of class M and G for 7 years (2014–2020). The article provides an analysis of the surveyed by sex of all ages, which allows us to conclude that the bulk of the surveyed are women of childbearing age. Thus, cytomegalovirus infection poses a particular danger to the fetus, up to its intrauterine death. The work is interdisciplinary in nature, written at the intersection of medical microbiology, epidemiology and public health and health care. Considerable attention in the work is paid to the fact that those examined by the ELISA method for specific IgM are ten times less than for the detection of specific IgG. Although it is the detection of specific IgM that poses a particular danger to the fetus — it can lead to its especially life-threatening complications such as: heart disease, retinopathy, which can lead to blindness, deafness and even mental retardation, intrauterine hypotrophy, immaturity, prematurity, chronic intrauterine fetal hypoxia. The idea is substantiated how important it is for future and practicing doctors to inform the population about this infection, which will help in the future to timely detect IgM and possibly save the fetus from intrauterine death. Using the results of an ELISA test for the detection of specific IgM and IgG, which today is one of the most reliable and affordable ways to detect a disease, the author proves in his studies the huge problem of informing and examining the population. The topic under consideration will be of particular interest to specialists in the field of public health and health care, since this is a truly national problem. The presented work indicates that CMVI is currently a serious medical and social problem. This problem is extremely poorly understood and requires further study.
Optimization of Approaches for Rehabilitation of Adentia Patients Using Modern Clinical Diagnostic Methods
Authors: Smanaliev M. , Yuldasheva G. , Yuldashev I.
Published: September 2021

After determining the need for complex types of restoration of chewing efficiency, which amounted to 22% of the total number of prosthetics performed in dental clinics in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, the optimal modern clinical and diagnostic methods that can be used according to the experience of the Biodent clinic, Bishkek were summarized. Cone-beam computed tomography recognized as the gold standard for radiological examination and modeling of dental implantation. The diagnostic accuracy was 99.2% versus 70.5% with orthopantomography. Treatment of the surface of dental titanium implants with nano-solutions of gold and silver, which have antiseptic and engraftment-improving properties in the clinic, leads to an improvement in the results of engraftment and functioning, confirmed by biochemical studies.
Traumatic Brain Injury and Mountains
Authors: Shuvalova M. , Shidakov Yu. , Zhanuzakov D. , Mamytova A.
Published: September 2021

Today, the traumatic epidemic is gaining momentum around the world. Having a complex pathogenesis, many aspects of the development and impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on the body remain undescribed. In particular, there is practically no information about the state of the body after a traumatic brain injury received in the highlands. The aim of the study is to establish the features of animal behavior, homeostatic blood parameters and functional morphology of the cerebellum in TBI in the highlands. The work was performed on 46 white male mongrel rats. The low-mountain series of experiments was modeled at an altitude of 760 m above sea level (Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek), the high-mountain series — at the Tuya-Ashu pass — 3200 m above sea level (Kyrgyzstan). The Weight Drop Method shock model was used to reproduce a traumatic brain injury. The ethology of animals was evaluated in the Open Field test. The lactic acid level was determined in the AQUA LAB (Bishkek). The microcirculation of the cerebellum was examined under the Olympus B×40 microscope (Japan). Statistical data processing was carried out in the SPSS 16.0 program. The visit to the outer squares of the field during TBI decreases (P<0.001) regardless of the height of the experiments, the number of racks in the highlands decreases by 60% (P < 0.001), the number of peeks into minks — by 76 % (P<0.01). The number of acts of defecation after TBI increases. The biochemical parameters of blood in TBI are characterized by an increase in the deficit of buffer bases to −3.8 mmol/l, a drop in the rate of oxygen consumption to 2.5 ml/min, an increase in the ratio between the rate of oxygen transport by arterial blood and the rate of its consumption to 4.8 rel. unit, and the concentration of lactic acid in the blood is up to 5 mmol/l. The microcirculatory bed of the cerebellum in TBI in the highlands is characterized by increased tortuosity, the appearance of swellings and interceptions along the course of blood vessels, activation of anastomoses, increased vascular porosity, hypercapillarization with erythrocyte sludge, parietal standing of leukocytes, the formation of blood clots in all parts of the vascular bed. There is vasogenic swelling of the cerebellum with the phenomena of dislocation of layers.
A New Technique of Osteosynthesis in Case of the Posterior Facet Fracture of the Distal Tibial Metaepiphysis
Authors: Dzhumabekov S. , Nazirov U.
Published: September 2021

The authors presented the results of surgical treatment of 103 patients with posterior facet fractures of the distal tibial metaepiphysis, treated at the BNICTO from 2014 to 2021. 58 (56.3%) patients made up the control group, who underwent osteosynthesis of the posterior facet fractures of the distal tibial metaepiphysis using previously known methods. In the postoperative period, the ankle joint was immobilized with a plaster cast and the patients received rehabilitation according to the traditional method. The main group included 45 (43.7%) patients. He underwent osteosynthesis of the posterior margin fracture using a new technique, postoperative rehabilitation was carried out using an improved rehabilitation technique. Complex treatment of patients with posterior facet fractures of the distal tibial metaepiphysis, including a new method of osteosynthesis of the posterior facet fractures of the distal tibial metaepiphysis made it possible to increase the number of excellent treatment results from 8.7% to 16.3% 3 times (1.9%), good results from 56.5% to 70.3% 2 times (1.2%), reduce the percentage of unsatisfactory results from 17.3% to 5.4% – in 2 times (by 3.2%) (p <0.001), the average length of hospital stay is 1.5 times (from 11.5 to 7.6 days) (p <0.001) and to increase the efficiency of restoring the function of the ankle joint in 1, 2 times (p <0.001) compared with patients in the control group.
Diagnostic Metods Ankle Joint
Authors: Dzhumabekov S. , Nasirov U. , Nazirov U.
Published: September 2021

103 patients with ankle injuries were examined. 81.3% of patients complained of pain. In 78.0% of patients, joint function was impaired, in 58.8% — joint deformation, in 72.9% — swelling in the joint area, in 79.6% — soreness in the projection of interbercular syndesmosis, in 87.7% — different severity of joint movement restriction. When analyzing radiographs, fractures of one or two ankles, foot subvisions both outside and behind, fractures of the posterior edge of the tibia were detected. The Foot and Ankle Disease Assessment Scale of the American Foot and Ankle Orthopedic Association (AOFAS) was used to objectively assess the functional state of the ankle joint. Known clinical and radiological methods of examination of the ankle joint make it possible for a person skilled in the art to detect damage to both the bone structure and the ligament apparatus. However, for objective assessment of the functional state of the ankle joint and foot, it is recommended to use scales of clinical assessment of the ankle joint state.
Medical Rehabilitation of Young Children With Neurological Manifestations and Consequences of Congenital Defects in the Development of the Nervous System
Authors: Zhikhareva V. , Uzakbaev K. , Saatova G. , Babadzhanov N.
Published: September 2021

The aim of the study was to study the dynamics of neurological manifestations in complex rehabilitation in children with the consequences of congenital malformations of the nervous system. It is established that the use of the entire complex of rehabilitation services for children with the consequences of HSV provides an improvement in the dynamics of neurological symptoms and an improvement in the quality of life of children at an early age.
Some Aspects of the Distribution of Loan Debts Between Spouses at the Dissolution of Marriage
Authors: Kudryavtseva L.
Published: September 2021

A problematic issue in divorce is the division of debt obligations between spouses. In this study, the author proposes to consolidate the circumstances that need to be clarified by the court when dividing debt obligations upon divorce.
Development of Creative Abilities in Preschool Children Through Play
Authors: Garber A. , Ivanov D.
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the study of creativity and creative abilities of preschoolers, which are manifested in various types of activity, including visual. The authors proceed from the positions according to which creativity should be developed in a child from early childhood. The article contains a description of approaches to the development of the creative abilities of preschoolers. It is shown that creativity, divergent thinking abilities are successfully developed with purposeful learning. The description of the study of the effectiveness of play in the development of creative abilities in preschool children is given. The results obtained made it possible to assess the dynamics of the level of development of creative abilities in preschoolers. The main indicators in assessing the success of the test were fluency, flexibility, originality and sophistication. The analysis of drawings was focused on measuring the fluency of thinking by the number of figures completed in the allotted time; flexibility of thinking for a variety of ideas; originality of thinking according to the ability of children to put forward ideas that differ from generally known ones; elaboration according to the number of invented details of each drawing. The dependence of the manifestations of these characteristics by children on the program used by the teacher was found. A higher level of indicators was found in the group that was trained in visual arts through games. The program for the development of creative abilities has shown effectiveness in the development of the creative individuality of preschoolers. The program should become an integral and integral part of the work of preschool educational institutions to develop creative abilities in older preschoolers.
The Role of Mathematics in the Formation of Pupils’ Creative Activity
Authors: Zulpukarova D. , Kultaeva D. , Jakypbekova A.
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of the development of the creative activity of students in grades 5–6 in the process of teaching mathematics. It is noted that the fulfillment of a creative task requires from students not a simple reproduction of information, but creativity, since the tasks contain a greater or lesser element of obscurity. A creative task is the content, the basis of any interactive method. A creative task (especially practical and close to the student's life) gives meaning to learning, motivates pupils. To develop the creative activity of students, you can use specially developed various software tools (Learning Apps, Mentimeter, Quzizz, etc.) in the lesson. With the help of a huge number of online services, you can create a whole collection of interactive tasks of the following nature: study an interactive lecture and answer the questions; answer questions of the test, quiz (with one or many correct answers); build a timeline and others.
The Role of the Museum in the Formation of the Patriotism of the Growing Generation
Authors: Tursunkulova S.
Published: September 2021

The article examines the formation and development of students’ feelings of patriotism as a spiritual and moral category of personality. One of the important priority tasks of modern education is the upbringing of a spiritually developed personality, because the future of any nation depends on the intellect, culture, and high professional knowledge of each person. In our article, we would like to emphasize the role and importance of the museum in the formation and development of such a personality quality as patriotism. Museum work can be considered as an effective pedagogical condition for the process of spiritual and moral formation of an individual, an effective means of fostering a sense of patriotism.
Problems of Out-of-Class Work of Future Teachers When Passing Pedagogical Practice
Authors: Anarbekova M.
Published: September 2021

This article examines the methodological problems of the extracurricular work of future teachers in the course of teaching practice. In many work programs and programs of pedagogical practices of higher pedagogical educational institutions, for the purposes and tasks of practice, due importance is not attached to the performance of extracurricular activities by trainees. Along with the need to perform extracurricular work during the course of the internship, a recommendation is given to especially evaluate the extracurricular work of the trainee.
A Study on the ZnO Thin Film Deposited by RF Sputtering Method as an Electron Transport Layer in Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kang Myoungsuk , Kim Jiwan
Published: September 2021

We report a highly efficient quantum dot light emitting diode (QLEDs) with a radio frequency (RF) sputtered ZnO thin film as an electron transport layer (ETL) instead of the conventional ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) by solution process. ZnO NPs have been used as a key material to improve the performance of QLEDs, but the charge imbalance in ZnO NPs resulting from fast electron injection, and their limited uniformity are significant disadvantages. In this study, ZnO layers were deposited by RF sputtering with various O2 partial pressures. All of the ZnO films showed preferential growth along the (002) direction, smooth morphology, and good optical transmittance. To test their feasibility for QLEDs, we fabricated devices with RF sputtered ZnO layers as an ETL, which has the inverted structure of ITO/RF sputtered ZnO/QDs/CBP/MoO3/Al. The optical/electrical characteristics of two devices, comprised of RF sputtered ZnO and ZnO NPs, were compared with each other. QLEDs with the sputtered ZnO ETL achieved a current efficiency of 11.32 cd/A, which was higher than the 8.23 cd/A of the QLEDs with ZnO NPs ETL. Next, to find the optimum ZnO thin film for highly efficient QLEDs, deposition conditions with various O2 partial pressures were tested, and device performance was investigated. The maximum current efficiency was 13.33 cd/A when the ratio of Ar/O2 was 4:3. Additional oxygen gas reduced the O vacancies in the ZnO thin film, which resulted in a decrease in electrical conductivity, thereby improving charge balance in the emission layer of the QLEDs. As a result, we provide a way to control the ZnO ETL properties and to improve device performance by controlling O2 partial pressure.
Prisoner Voting and Devolution: New Dimensions to an Old Dispute
Authors: Murray Colin R G
Published: September 2021

Between late 2017 and 2018 the United Kingdom and the Council of Europe called a truce over prisoner voting rights, and almost no one noticed. No bells rang out, no triumphal debate took place in Westminster. All protagonists had long since exhausted their energies or, at least, turned their attentions to the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union. This article evaluates the “Lidington Compromise”, by which the UK Government moved to enfranchise day-release prisoners, alongside Scottish and Welsh Parliaments opening up new aspects of the confrontation by moving to enfranchise some prisoners on the basis of sentence length. It assesses the significance of these moves in the context of devolution. It also examines how these different approaches to resolving the prisoner voting issue square with the Strasbourg Court's jurisprudence and the extent to which different understandings of democratic rights now prevail across the United Kingdom.
Continuity, Convergence and Change in Environmental Law and Governance in Scotland – an Assessment of Recent Developments and Future Directions
Authors: Harrison James
Published: September 2021

There was a concern following the 2016 Brexit referendum that environmental standards in the United Kingdom (UK) may be lowered unless action was taken to address gaps in environmental governance that would be caused by leaving the European Union (EU). Debates over the nature of those gaps and how to fill them have continued over the years since the referendum and it is only recently that the emerging picture of post-Brexit environmental governance in Scotland has been revealed, allowing a preliminary study of the future for environmental standards in the jurisdiction. This article aims to provide an overview and analysis of recent legal developments which are likely to influence the future of environmental law in Scotland, including the UK-EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement, the United Kingdom Internal Market Act, the incorporation of environmental principles into Scots law, new powers to align Scottish environmental standards with EU law, and the new institutional framework to oversee compliance with environmental law in Scotland. The article considers the impact that these new arrangements will have on the development of Scottish environmental law and in particular the implications for Scottish institutions in deciding whether to promote ongoing continuity with EU law, promote convergence with other parts of the UK, or strike out on their own path of environmental law reform.
Lord Loudoun, the Highlands and Imperial Subjecthood in North America
Authors: Martin Nicola
Published: September 2021

This article provides a comparative analysis of the tenure of John Campbell, fourth earl of Loudoun, as a regional commander in the Scottish Highlands during the Jacobite uprising of 1745–6 and as commander-in-chief of the British forces in North America from January 1756 to December 1757. It challenges historiographical interpretations of Loudoun as an incompetent bully, instead emphasising his attempts to negotiate with local elites in both imperial fringes for the realisation of the state's aims, albeit within the confines of his own understanding of imperial subjecthood. This article argues that Loudoun's experiences of waging war and pacifying the Highlands directly influenced how he approached the challenges he faced in implementing British military strategy in North America. In doing so, it contributes to the growing body of scholarship investigating the role of the army in British imperial policymaking and the direct and indirect influence British army experiences in the Scottish Highlands had on the transatlantic implementation of empire.
ON THE QUESTION OF BRAKING ARTICULATED BUSES
Authors: Sakhno Volodymyr , Poliakov Volodymyr , Yaschenko Dmytro , Korpach Oleksii , Popelysh Denis
Published: September 2021

The safe movement of a car and a road train is largely determined by its braking properties. The nature of the movement of the road train is fundamentally different from the movement of a single car. The difference can be explained by the presence of additional forces arising in the articulation of the links of the vehicle, as well as forces and moments acting on its individual links and the movement of the vehicle as a whole. Their effect is especially noticeable when braking a road train, which may be accompanied by folding links and loss of stability of the vehicle. As a result of the study, the optimal values of the brake force distribution coefficients for a fully loaded articulated bus are obtained, which provide both high braking efficiency and the stability of the articulated bus (AВ) during braking. The coefficients are determined taking into account the design features of the brake mechanisms and their geometric dimensions, providing the required braking performance. For the selected values of the braking force distribution coefficients along the axes of the AВ and the coefficients that take into account the design features of the braking mechanisms and their geometric dimensions, the braking distance during braking by the main or working braking system and the spare one satisfy the requirements of regulatory documents. With the selected asynchronous response of the brake drives of the bus and trailer, the steady deceleration of the АВ is slightly less than the standard.
Data Ecosystems for Scientific Experiments: Managing Combustion Experiments and Simulation Analyses in Chemical Engineering
Authors: Ramalli Edoardo , Scalia Gabriele , Pernici Barbara , Stagni Alessandro , Cuoci Alberto , Faravelli Tiziano
Published: September 2021

The development of scientific predictive models has been of great interest over the decades. A scientific model is capable of forecasting domain outcomes without the necessity of performing expensive experiments. In particular, in combustion kinetics, the model can help improving the combustion facilities and the fuel efficiency reducing the pollutants. At the same time, the amount of available scientific data has increased and helped speeding up the continuous cycle of model improvement and validation. This has also opened new opportunities for leveraging a large amount of data to support knowledge extraction. However, experiments are affected by several data quality problems since they are a collection of information over several decades of research, each characterized by different representation formats and reasons of uncertainty. In this context, it is necessary to develop an automatic data ecosystem capable of integrating heterogeneous information sources while maintaining a quality repository. We present an innovative approach to data quality management from the chemical engineering domain, based on an available prototype of a scientific framework, SciExpeM, which has been significantly extended. We identified a new methodology from the model development research process that systematically extracts knowledge from the experimental data and the predictive model. In the paper, we show how our general framework could support the model development process, and save precious research time also in other experimental domains with similar characteristics, i.e., managing numerical data from experiments.
The Influence of Orbital Forcing on 10Be Deposition in Greenland Over the Glacial Period
Authors: Sturevik-Storm Anna , Zheng Minjie , Aldahan Ala , Possnert Göran , Muscheler Raimund
Published: September 2021

Understanding the transport and deposition of the cosmogenic isotope10Be is vital for the application of the isotope data to infer past changes of solar activity, to reconstruct past Earth’s magnetic field intensity and climate change. Here, we use data of the cosmogenic isotope10Be from the Greenland ice cores, namely the NEEM and GRIP ice cores, to identify factors controlling its distribution. After removing the effects of the geomagnetic field on the cosmogenic radionuclide production rate, the results expose imprints of the 20–22 ka precession cycle on the Greenland10Be records of the last glacial period. This finding can further improve the understanding of10Be variability in ice sheets and has the prospect of providing better reconstructions of geomagnetic and solar activity based on cosmogenic radionuclide records.
Seamless Wayfinding by a Deafblind Adult on an Urban College Campus: A Case Study on Wayfinding Performance, Information Preferences, and Technology Requirements
Authors: Swobodzinski Martin , Parker Amy T. , Wright Julie D. , Hansen Kyrsten , Morton Becky
Published: September 2021

This article reports on an empirical evaluation of the experience, performance, and perception of a deafblind adult participant in an experimental case study on pedestrian travel in an urban environment. The case study assessed the degree of seamlessness of the wayfinding experience pertaining to routes that traverse both indoor and outdoor spaces under different modalities of technology-aided pedestrian travel. Specifically, an adult deafblind pedestrian traveler completed three indoor/outdoor routes on an urban college campus using three supplemental wayfinding support tools: a mobile application, written directions, and a tactile map. A convergent parallel mixed-methods approach was used to synthesize insights from a pre-travel questionnaire, route travel video recordings, post-travel questionnaire, and post-travel interview. Our results indicate that wayfinding performance and confidence differed considerably between the three wayfinding support tools. The tactile map afforded the most successful wayfinding and highest confidence. Wayfinding performance and confidence were lowest for the mobile application modality. The simplicity of use of a wayfinding tool is paramount for reducing cognitive load during wayfinding. In addition, information that does not match individual, user-specific information preferences and needs inhibits wayfinding performance. Current practice pertaining to the representation of digital spatial data only marginally accounts for the complexity of pedestrian human wayfinding across the gamut of visual impairment, blindness, and deafblindness. Robust orientation and mobility training and skills remain key for negotiating unexpected or adverse wayfinding situations and scenarios, irrespective of the use of a wayfinding tool. A substantial engagement of the deafblind community in both research and development is critical for achieving universal and equitable usability of mobile wayfinding technology.
T Cell Epitope Prediction and Its Application to Immunotherapy
Authors: Schaap-Johansen Anna-Lisa , Vujović Milena , Borch Annie , Hadrup Sine Reker , Marcatili Paolo
Published: September 2021

T cells play a crucial role in controlling and driving the immune response with their ability to discriminate peptides derived from healthy as well as pathogenic proteins. In this review, we focus on the currently available computational tools for epitope prediction, with a particular focus on tools aimed at identifying neoepitopes, i.e. cancer-specific peptides and their potential for use in immunotherapy for cancer treatment. This review will cover how these tools work, what kind of data they use, as well as pros and cons in their respective applications.
Microbiome of a Reef-Building Coral Displays Signs of Acclimation to a Stressful Shallow Hydrothermal Vent Habitat
Authors: Reigel Alicia M. , Paz-García David A. , Hellberg Michael E.
Published: September 2021

Most tropical reef corals live at temperatures near 27°C and pH values near 8. Conditions outside of these can stress corals and lead to bleaching, disease, and death. However, some corals can survive in marginal or extreme habitats outside of these ranges. To date there is a paucity of knowledge about the role that associated microbes may play in the acclimation of corals to such extreme habitats. Here, we explore differences in the compositional and functional profile of the microbiomes of the scleractinian coral Porites panamensis living both on and off potentially stressful shallow-water hydrothermal vents. The environment near the vents is extreme, with temperatures exceeding 80°C and pH values below 6. Coral microbiomes under stress often exhibit increased diversity, increased abundance of pathogenic bacteria, and functional profiles that shift toward pathways associated with pathogenic taxa. Samples from along a transect that crossed an arc of hydrothermal vents were sequenced for the 16S rRNA gene (V4 region). On-vent coral microbiomes were distinct from those of off-vent corals, but did not have increased alpha or beta diversity. On-vent samples had a higher relative abundance of the beneficial endosymbiont, Endozoicomonas. On- and off-vent microbiomes did not differ in overall abundance of the endolithic green alga Ostreobium, however, a single ASV, close to O. quekettii was more abundant in on-vent corals. Ostreobium can provide many of the same benefits to corals as zooxanthellae and their symbiosis is better maintained under thermal stress. Surprisingly, on-vent coral microbiomes had fewer microbial taxa that are known to be pathogenic or associated with stress than did off-vent corals. The predicted functional profiles of on-vent microbiomes revealed enrichment of pathways related to aerobic respiration, fermentation and amino acid biosynthesis, but not of virulence-related pathways. Our results suggest that P. panamensis microbiomes have acclimated to the extreme environment of the hydrothermal vent habitat rather than showing signs of stress. These results exemplify the need to focus efforts on examining the mechanisms of resilience, including symbioses with microbiota, in corals living in extreme environments in an effort to design better management strategies for reef-building corals under thermal and pH stress.
Central Administration of Hydrogen Sulfide Donor NaHS Reduces Iba1-Positive Cells in the PVN and Attenuates Rodent Angiotensin II Hypertension
Authors: Donertas Ayaz Basak , Oliveira Aline C. , Malphurs Wendi L. , Redler Ty , de Araujo Alan Moreira , Sharma Ravindra K. , Sirmagul Basar , Zubcevic Jasenka
Published: September 2021

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous signaling molecule with neuromodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hypertensive effects. Here, we investigate whether chronic intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), an H2S donor, can alleviate angiotensin II (Ang II)–induced hypertension (HTN), improve autonomic function, and impact microglia in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, a brain region associated with autonomic control of blood pressure (BP) and neuroinflammation in HTN. Chronic delivery of Ang II (200 ng/kg/min, subcutaneous) for 4 weeks produced a typical increase in BP and sympathetic drive and elevated the number of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1–positive (Iba1+) cells in the PVN of male, Sprague–Dawley rats. ICV co-infusion of NaHS (at 30 and/or 60 nmol/h) significantly attenuated these effects of Ang II. Ang II also increased the abundance of cecalDeltaproteobacteriaandDesulfovibrionales, among others, which was prevented by ICV NaHS co-infusion at 30 and 60 nmol/h. We observed no differences in circulating H2S between the groups. Our results suggest that central H2S may alleviate rodent HTN independently from circulating H2S via effects on autonomic nervous system and PVN microglia.
Preclinical Characterization of GLS-010 (Zimberelimab), a Novel Fully Human Anti-PD-1 Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody for Cancer
Authors: Lou Beilei , Wei Hua , Yang Fang , Wang Shicong , Yang Baotian , Zheng Yong , Zhu Jiman , Yan Shaoyu
Published: September 2021

Background

Zimberelimab (GLS-010) is a novel fully human monoclonal immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) against the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) receptor.

Aim

To evaluate the affinity, competitive blocking capability, T cell activation effect, cytotoxic effector functions by Fc, preliminary anti-tumor activity, and pharmacokinetics of GLS-010.

Methods

The affinity of GLS-010 to PD-1 and the ability of GLS-010 to block the PD-L1/2 to PD-1 interaction on the cell surface were measured. An allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effect of GLS-010 on Tregs and stimulatory effect on T cell proliferation and activation. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics were evaluated in tumor-bearing mice and cynomolgus monkeys, respectively.

Results

The equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) for the association between GLS-010 and PD-1 was 1.75×10-10 M. GLS-010 could effectively block the binding of PD-L1/2 to PD-1. GLS-010 showed statistically significant anti-tumor effects in the MC38 model in human PD-1 knock-in mice. The RO rate on in the low-, moderate-, and high-dose groups were 64.50%-48.53% in CD3+T, 58.87%-40.12% in CD8+T, and 66.26%-49.07% in CD4+T, respectively. With the increasing dose from 2 mg/kg to 18 mg/kg, the systemic exposure level of GLS-010 (AUC0-last) and C0 increased proportionally, while the proportion of AUC0-last was higher than the proportion of the increase in the dose.

Conclusions

As a fully human anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, GLS-010 has a high affinity to PD-1 and shows potent anti-tumor effects in vivo and in vitro. The results support that GLS-010 could be investigated in clinical trials in tumor patients.