bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The state of immune system during the use of probiotic lactobacilli in complex treatment of papillomavirus infection
Authors: Borisov A G , Savchenko A A , Tihonova E P , Sergeeva I V , Kasparov E V , Kudrjavcev I V , Arutjunjan S S
Published: February 2017

Aim. Assessment of impact of probiotic lactobacilli complex on treatment efficiency and normalization of immune status in women with human papillomavirus infection (PVI).Methods. Total of 65 patients of reproductive age with cervical pathology and PVI were examined. «Provag» was included into the standard therapy as the source of probiotic lactobacilli complex. Immunological studies were conducted before and after the treatment. The phenotypic profile of peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined by means of flow cytometry. The concentration of immunoglobulin A, G and M in serum was determined by ELISA.Results. Decreased amounts of T- and NK-cells were observed in PVI patients on day 1. Regardless of treatment method, by day 30 the number of T-lymphocytes in the blood of women with PVI increases. Percentage of NK-cells remained below the normal values on day 30 in the group of patients who received traditional scheme of PVI treatment. Patients with PVI taking additionally probiotic lactobacilli complex showed an increase of NK-cells by the end of the treatment. On day 1 decrease of relative and absolute numbers of T-helper cells was detected. Regardless of the method of treatment by day 30 the number of T-helper cells increases to the reference level. IgM and IgG levels in peripheral blood of women with PVI were increased even on day 1. By the end of the observation period their concentration in patients with conventional treatment scheme remained increased. Patients receiving the standard therapy supplemented with «Provag» demonstrated the decrease of these classes of immunoglobulins to the reference level.Conclusion. As a result of treatment normalization of NK-cells and T-helpers numbers was observed whereas the IgG and IgM levels remained increased.
Post-surgical heart rate variability in patients with brain tumor and epileptic seizures
Authors: Miranda A A , Zhadnov V A , Magerramov A A
Published: February 2017

Aim. To identify post-surgical perculiarities of heart rate variability in patients with brain tumors and symptomatic epilepsy.Methods. The study group consisted of 85 patients (43 males and 42 females) aged 22 to 83 years admitted to neurosurgical department of Ryazan regional clinical hospital with brain tumor. The control group consisted of 20 relatively healthy individuals. The study group was divided into 2 subgroups of patients with brain tumor associated with symptomatic epilepsy and brain tumors without epileptic seizures. Five-minute ECGs in 3 functional probes (baseline, hyperventilation and post-hyperventilation) before and after craniotomy with tumor resection were recorded. The following statistical analysis of time and frequency parameters of heart rate variability was performed.Results. Statistically significant differences in heart rate variability in pre- and post-surgical periods were found only in patients with epilepsy syndrome caused by brain tumor: mode increased by 11% in baseline and post-hyperventilation probes. Coefficient of variation and standard deviation were decreased by 29% in hyperventilation probe, index of centralization decreased by 60% in baseline probe and by 42% in post-hyperventilation probe. Statistically significant increase of high frequency power component by 46% was registered after surgical intervention in baseline probe and by 10% in post-hyperventilation probe. As opposed to this in the subgroup of patients with brain tumors and without epilepsy this parameter decresed by 10% in baseline probe.Conclusion. The obtained results demonstrate significant post-surgical improvement of autonomic nervous system homeostasis and restoration of cardiovascular functional reserves in patients with brain tumor associated with epilepsy compared to those with no epileptic seizures.
Features of inflammatory and regenerative reaction to excimer laser refractive keratectomy with photoprotection
Authors: Kornilovskiy I M , Kasimov E M , Sultanova A I
Published: February 2017

Aim. To study the features of inflammatory and regenerative reaction to excimer laser refractive keratectomy with photoprotection.Methods. Clinical cases of 560 excimer laser refractive keratectomies with photoprotection in 280 patients with myopia and myopic astigmatism of different severity. The observation period varied from 1 month to 2.5 years.Results. The study showed that intensity of aseptic inflammation and the type of regenerative response are influenced by the amount of evaporated corneal tissue, which correlates with the severity of myopia. Moreover, in case of equal severity of myopia and amount of evaporated tissue inflammatory and regenerative response was less prominent if excimer laser ablation was performed under the superficial corneal flap. In this case epithelial stromal corneal flap allowed reducing the negative effect of ultraviolet exposure and interaction between proinflammatory epithelial and stromal cytokines. At photorefractive ablation of corneal stroma saturated with 0.25% isotonic riboflavin solution aseptic inflammatory and regenerative response, intensity and duration of corneal syndrome decreased. Due to such technique of photorefractive keratectomy stromal layers saturated with riboflavin absorbed the secondary ultraviolet induced by ablation. Clinical observation demonstrated the need for additional photoprotection by glasses from external unltraviolet in all types of photorefractive surgeries on cornea up to full recovery of visual and optometric parameters. Use of photoprotection during excimer laser refractive ablation allowed achieving early stabilization of vision and refraction, decreasing the duration of postoperative steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs intake by one third in average.Conclusion. Local photoprotection with riboflavin during excimer laser refractive keratectomy and photoprotection by glasses from external ultraviolet reduce the risk of oxidative stress in the cornea, postoperative aseptic inflammatory and regenerative reactions, promote stabilization of visual, optic refractive parameters and improve their predictability.
Treatment of patients with chronic liver failure according to disease etiology
Authors: Kutepov D E , Pasechnik I N
Published: February 2017

Aim. Improving the efficiency of treatment of patients with chronic liver failure by optimizing the application of extracorporeal detoxification methods.Methods. The study included 292 patients with chronic liver failure (188 males and 104 females). The main causes of chronic liver failure were nutritional factor (alcohol abuse), viral liver diseases, and the combination of alcoholic and viral factors. All patients regardless of the disease etiology were divided into groups. Patients in group 1 received standard conservative therapy, aimed at relieving the symptoms of chronic liver failure. Patients in group 2 were additionally administered plasma exchange, in group 3 - PE and high-volume venovenous hemofiltration, and in group 4 - sessions of molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS).Results. Mortality of patients with chronic liver failure on conservative treatment accounted for 84.0% and was 1.5-2.1 times higher than in other groups (53% in plasma exchange group, 52% when using plasma exchange and high-volume venovenous hemofiltration and 40.6% in MARS group), these differences being statistically significant when compared with group 1 (χ2 from of 18.3 to 23.4, p 0.05). Indicators, reflecting the time of 50% mortality of patients with chronic liver failure of different etiology, suggest that in chronic liver failure of alcoholic origin plasma exchange and a combination of plasma exchange and high-volume venovenous hemofiltration are the most effective, and in chronic liver failure of viral and mixed etiology the best results are obtained when using MARS.Conclusion. The effectiveness of treatment of patients with chronic liver failure depends on the etiology of the disease: in alcoholic chronic liver failure plasma exchange and a combination of plasma exchange and high-volume venovenous hemofiltration are most rational, and in chronic liver failure of viral and mixed etiology MARS sessions are rational.
Genetic predictors of cardiovascular system adaptation in adolescents to physical stress
Authors: Yarysheva V B , Shibkova D Z
Published: February 2017

Aim. Analysis of genetic markers of physical performance and their interrelation with electrocardiographic parameters in athletes of the youth league.Methods. The study involved 204 of adolescent athletes. EKGs were performed, the profile of genes of folate cycle and genes encoding the function of angiotensin-converting enzyme was detected by polymerase chain reaction in venous blood.Results. It was found that all participants had sinus rhythm. Arrhythmias and conduction disorders were revealed: bradycardia was observed in 22 (10.7%) of participants, normocardia - in 168 (82%) participants, tachycardia - in 14 (6.8%) participants, incomplete right and left bundle branch block - in 16 (7.7%) participants, and repolarization disorders of left ventricle - in 5 (2.4%) young athletes. The genes polymorphism of folate cycle and genes encoding the function of angiotensin-converting enzyme in the examined individuals were presented in different variants. Majority of the participants had heterozygous forms in most genes except for the gene NOS3 894 GT presented as a dominant form.Conclusion. Accordng to EKG the athletes of the youth league had early repolarization of the left ventricle (2.4% cases), incomplete right or left bundle branch block (7.7% cases), and normal waves and intervals; according to genetic study most participants had heterozygous genotype GNB3 825 CT, NOS3-786 TC, AGT 704 TC, negative correlation of QTc with NOS3-786 TC and NOS3 894 GT, α-angle / AGT 704 TC with P-wave / NOS3 894 GT.
Assessment of limbic system in cardiac patients during comprehensive rehabilitation
Authors: Yashukov V V
Published: February 2017

The article presents a review of domestic and foreign literature, containing basic information on the possibilities of assessing changes in the status of limbic system in cardiac patients in the process of comprehensive rehabilitation. The issues of a possible relationship between the limbic system structures and the cardiovascular system are considered. The key pathogenic mechanisms of mutual influence of the autonomic nervous system, limbic and cardiovascular systems at each other are described. The main aspects of the limbic system involvement in the regulation of mental and emotional state of a person are considered. The possibility of using different methods of study of changes in the limbic system status in cardiac patients in clinical practice was consistently assessed. Two main groups of methods: conventional test systems, as well as additional instrumental methods of examination of cardiac patients are investigated. The capacity of each of the methods, their advantages and limitations of use in clinical practice were compared. Particular attention is paid to the issue of assessment of anxiety and depression level. Cardiovascular tests are briefly described. Noteworthy fact is that currently there is no consensus on diagnostic tools to assess the changes in the status of the limbic system. The review describes a possible comprehensive diagnostic program. It is emphasized that it will be possible to optimize the comprehensive rehabilitation program of cardiac patients based on the obtained study results of the changes in the limbic system status.
PENGAMATAN TERHADAP RISK DAN RETURN SAHAM YANG MASUK DALAM LQ-45 DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2011-2014
Authors: Astawinetu Erwin Dyah , Wijayanti Yulyar Kartika
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThe aims of this research is to observe the risks and returns on these stocks. It is given that stocks in LQ-45 are stocks with high levels of liquidity and high market capitalization. These shares are also included seed stocks with certain criteria were evaluated every 6 months. These stocks are classified in the class of blue chip stocks and nonblue chips. Sample in this study are the stocks that include on six evaluation periods during the study period. The sampling technique used is Purposive sampling obtained by 29 companies, and 10 companies, including blue chip category and 19 companies categorized as non-blue chips. The results showed that: 1) it turns out shares belonging to the category of blue chip provides higher returns than the stocks included in the non blue-chip, 2) shares of blue chip provides a higher risk compared with stocks which included nonblue chip category.
PELUANG PARIWISATA DALAM MENURUNKAN KEMISKINAN DI ERA MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN (MEA)
Authors: Darmawan Dody Harris , Yunanto Adi
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTIn 2015, the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), or better known as Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA) have agreed to jointly deal with the benefit expectations each member state.One of those opportunities to alleviate poverty related MEA is on tourism sector as a result of their visa-free between MEA member countries.Tourism development and economic growth have a mutualism relationship in poverty alleviation.This study analyzes the effect of tourism sector and income per capita on poverty reduction by panel data in 30 provinces of Indonesia in the period 2004 - 2012. Method of analysis uses Least Squaremethod and the estimation model used is Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The empirical results shows the tourism sector and income per capita have a significant effect to poverty reduction. Every 1% increase of tourism sector contribution effects on 0.005% poverty reduction, and every 1% increase of income per capita effects on 0.085%. poverty reduction
ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCY PENGUSAHA INDUSTRI KECILKERUPUK SANJAI DI KOTA BUKITTINGGI
Authors: Sentosa Sri Ulfa , Ariusni Ariusni , Satrianto Alpon
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTSanjai cracker is a product produced by small food industry entrepreneurs in Bukittinggi. The industrial entrepreneurs in general carried out by households for generations. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences; 1). entrepreneurial competency businessman men with women entrepreneurs in small industry crackers Sanjai in Bukittinggi, 2). entrepreneurial competency-educated businessman is relatively high with less educated entrepreneurs in small industry crackers Sanjai in Bukittinggi. 3). entrepreneurial competency businessman who has long business experience with entrepreneurs who have experience of new business in small industry crackers Sanjai in Bukittinggi. The number of samples in the study is 44 small industrial entrepreneurs Sanjai crackers. The data in this study consisted of secondary and primary data. The primary data collection use questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the average difference test. The hypothesis test is t test, significance at = 0.05. The research found that; 1). entrepreneurial competency level of male entrepreneurs is significantly different from the female entrepreneurs. 2). the level of entrepreneurial competency is relatively high educated entrepreneurs differ significantly from employers with low education 3). entrepreneurial competency entrepreneurs who have business experience that old does not differ significantly from entrepreneurs who have experience of new business in small industry crackers Sanjai in Bukittinggi.
Method of vibration diagnostics of aerodynamic and aeroelastic oscillations in gas turbine engine compressor
Authors: Posadov V. V. , Remizov A. E.
Published: February 2017

The paper analyzes aeroelastic (flutter) and aerodynamic (rotating stall) oscillations in gas turbine engine compressors. We review the external factors that influence these oscillations. We propose a new method of diagnosing hazardous oscillations. The method is based on the analysis of frequency characteristics. The novelty of the method is elements of forecasting introduced in it. We infer the presence of dangerous oscillations by a certain threshold level of the amplitude of the dynamic signal. We forecast this threshold depending on the operation conditions of a gas turbine engine. If the amplitude of the signal reaches the threshold level the engine speed is decreased by changing the rate of fuel consumption. This measure prevents an emergency. The method was implemented during bench tests of an aircraft gas turbine engine.
Research of liquid outflow from low-emission swirl injectors of a low-thrust liquid rocket engine
Authors: Semkin Ye. V.
Published: February 2017

The paper justifies the possibility of using cold-flow test data to predict the combustion efficiency for a 13.34 N thruster combustion chamber. The results of modeling working liquid (water) flowing through hydraulic passages of single injection elements and coaxial swirl injectors are presented. We performed the simulation using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations that describe a turbulent flow of a two-phase non-compressible liquid. We used both one-velocity and two-velocity flow models. We modeled the turbulence by the BSL isotopic turbulence model on a computational block-structure grid. The computational grid consisted mostly of HEXA elements. The orientation of the elements coincided with the flow direction in the injector hydraulic channels, which improved the flow resolution accuracy in the boundary layer near the solid wall. We compared the results of calculation with the cold-flow test data. The use of the one-velocity flow model in the design area of a single injector and the two-velocity model in the design area of the mixing element yielded the results that agreed satisfactorily with the cold-flow data.
Unstady heat-mass-transfer and fuel distributions in flows downstream the gas-dynamic flame holder
Authors: Tretyakov V. V. , Sviridenkov A. A.
Published: February 2017

A model of non-stationary heat and mass transfer of fuel droplets with a swirling air flow is developed. The model includes the definition of the air flow structure, identification of configurations of liquid jets flowing into the air flow, the calculation of characteristics of their breakup taking into account the processes of drop breaking and coalescence, the calculation of droplet and fuel vapor concentration distribution in the work volume. The study was performed as applied to a combustion chamber with a front gas-dynamic flame holder. The optimal combination of major gas-dynamic parameters that determine the mode of operation of the device in question the value of the air flow swirl and the intensity of the air traverse feed through the flame holder is determined. The flow structure and the distribution of liquid-droplet and vaporous fuel concentrations downstream the flame holder are specified for this combination. The calculation results are compared with the experimental data.
Efficiency of aft diffusers in vacuum systems of test benches for high-altitude firing tests of low-thrust liquid rocket engines
Authors: Galperin R. N. , Gulyaev Yu. I. , Ivashin Yu. S. , Nigodjuk V. E. , Ryzhkov V. V. , Sulinov A. V.
Published: February 2017

The article presents the results of calculations and experimental studies of a vacuum system with an aft diffuser for high-altitude firing tests of low-thrust liquid rocket engines. The aim of the study was to determine the geometric dimensions and setting parameters of aft diffusers. The diffusers ensure operation of the vacuum system that implements the regime of unseparated flow of the combustion products in the nozzle of the engine being tested. We carried out the experiments using 50 N liquid rocket engines with the geometric area ratio equal to 50. We investigated the impact of the setting parameters of the aft diffuser relative to the engines nozzle exit: the position of the inlet section of the diffuser relative to the nozzle exit varied in the range from -2 to +10 mm in the axial direction. We analyzed the influence of geometrical parameters of aft diffusers that differed in the inner diameter of the channel. The relative channel length was equal to 10. We determined the structural variables of an aft diffuser and its position relative to the engines nozzle exit and the pressure ranges after the exit section of the diffuser that ensure the mode of unseparated flow of the combustion products in the engine nozzle. The efficiency of the vacuum system of the test bench increases as the internal diameter of the aft diffuser approaches the diameter of the nozzle. Other things being equal, the vacuum system provides longer periods of engine tests maintaining the design mode of nozzle operation.
Procedure of designing a pilot operated gas pressure regulator for launch vehicle fuel tanks
Authors: Gimadiev A. G. , Sverbilov V. Ya. , Stadnik D. M.
Published: February 2017

The paper presents a calculation procedure based on the mathematical model of a pilot operated gas pressure regulator. The model takes into account the parameters of the feedback channel, the gas damper, the flow force at the main valve poppet and the dynamics of the fuel tank pressurization system of a launch vehicle. We analyzed the influence of the gas damper incorporated in the pressure relief valve on the pressure control system performance. Stability domains in the space of the regulator parameters are calculated. We assessed the control system stability margin for varying gas damper parameters. The proposed procedure of regulator design ensures the required stability margin of the gas pressure control system. The static accuracy of the system remains unchanged.
Using the «virtual engine» software in automatic control system of gas turbine engine
Authors: Golberg F. D. , Gurevich O. S. , Petukhov A. A.
Published: February 2017

The paper presents the mathematical tools and virtual engine software used in digital automatic control systems of modern gas turbine engines (GTE). The software is based on a real-time fully variable thermogasdynamic engine model operating in onboard computers. The new approach makes it possible to control the engine by the parameters inaccessible for measurement due to the virtual engine software in the gas turbine engine control system. The engine fault tolerance improves. We synthesized the control loops of a bypass turbojet engine with a high bypass ratio according to critical parameters (engine thrust, gas temperature in the combustor, stall margin) determined by calculations. We propose a methodology of restoring information on inlet airflow data and values of control factors in case of failure of information channels. The quality of engine regulation improved considerably. The lifetime of the engine increased essentially in the context of varying its characteristics in operation. We developed a methodology of real-time identification of an onboard engine thermogasdynamic simulation model based on the reverse feedback approach.
Алхимия и психоанализ
Authors: Жаринов Евгений Викторович , Оболонский Юрий Владимирович
Published: February 2017

В статье рассматриваются вопросы возможностях изучения подсознания человека и описывается предыдущий опыт мировых учёных в этой области.
Современная государственная политика и основные нормативно-правовые документы, регламентирующие социально-психологическое сопровождение инклюзивного образования
Authors: Семикин Геннадий Иванович
Published: February 2017

Определены направления государственной политики, перечень и содержание основных федеральных законов, нормативно-правовых актов и документов, регламентирующих деятельность субъектов образовательных отношений в инклюзивной образовательной среде вуза по социально-психологическому сопровождению студентов с ограниченными возможностями здоровья; раскрыта специфика инклюзивного образования студентов с особыми образовательными потребностями
Особенности применения интерактивных проективных методик на занятиях по формированию навыков саморегуляции будущих инженеров
Authors: Пиканина Юлия Маровна
Published: February 2017

В статье рассматривается возможность применения интерактивных проективных методик на занятиях по формированию навыков саморегуляции будущих инженеров. Представлены варианты индивидуального и группового применения рисуночных методик. Авторская адаптация известных рисуночных упражнений направлена на профилактику эмоционального перенапряжения будущих инженеров, на формирование навыков группового взаимодействия.
Влияние социальных установок обучающихся на период адаптации в МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана
Authors: Пятибратова Инна Викторовна
Published: February 2017

Автор статьи рассматривает проблему влияния социальных установок на процесс адаптации обучающихся к обучению в МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана. Определен круг проблем, которые возникают в период адаптации обучающихся. Показана эффективность использования средств здоровьесберегающих и оздоровительных технологий в процессе адаптации обучающихся.
Мост между интересами
Authors: Верхоглазенко Владимир Николаевич
Published: February 2017

В статье описывается типы межличностных отношений в организации и роли, которые принимают на себя сотрудники в рабочем коллективе.
Optimal selection of the CA-CFAR adjustment factor for K power sea clutter with statistical variations
Authors: Machado Fernández José Raúl , Bacallao Vidal Jesús De la Concepción
Published: February 2017

La presencia de la señal interferente de clutter marino establece limitaciones en la calidad de la detección de radar en ambientes costeros y de alta mar. El procesador CA-CFAR es la solución clásica para detectar blancos de radar. Usualmente mantiene su factor de ajuste constante todo el período de operación. Como consecuencia, el esquema no toma en consideración las variaciones estadísticas de la señal de fondo cuando realiza la discriminación del clutter. Para resolver este problema, los autores realizaron un procesamiento intensivo de 40 millones de muestras de clutter de intensidad, generadas en computadora a través de MATLAB. Como resultado, encontraron los valores óptimos del factor de ajuste a ser aplicados para 40 posibles estados estadísticos del clutter, sugiriendo el uso de la arquitectura CA-CFAR con un factor de ajuste variable. Adicionalmente, fue llevado a cabo un ajuste de curvas, obteniéndose expresiones matemáticas que generalizan los resultados en todo el intervalo de considerado de estados estadísticos del clutter. Los experimentos se ejecutaron con un CA-CFAR de 64 celdas y apuntaron a encontrar los valores del factor de ajuste para tres probabilidades de falsa alarma comunes. La distribución K fue elegida como el modelo usado para el clutter, gracias a su amplia popularidad. Este artículo facilita el manejo de la distribución K de intensidad, evitando el uso de funciones Gamma y Bessel, comúnmente encontradas en desarrollos relacionados con el modelo K. Además, fueron cumplidos los requerimientos necesarios para construir un detector adaptativo en clutter de potencia K con conocimiento previo del parámetro de forma. Al mismo tiempo, fueron dadas varias recomendaciones para continuar el desarrollo de una solución más general que también incluirá la estimación del parámetro de forma.
Concreto hidráulico modificado con sílice obtenida de la cascarilla del arroz
Authors: Camargo Pérez Nelson Ricardo , Higuera Sandoval Carlos Hernando
Published: February 2017

El cemento es una de las materias primas en la producción del concreto hidráulico, pero su producción es considerada como uno de los procesos más contaminantes en nuestro planeta. El proyecto de investigación analiza el comportamiento mecánico, físico y químico de una mezcla de concreto hidráulico modificado con sílice obtenida por la incineración de cascarilla de arroz. La metodología utilizada fue un diseño experimental que se trabajó con cemento Holcim M1 Concretera, se utilizó como muestra patrón un diseño de mezcla de concreto hidráulico para una resistencia a la compresión de 350 Kg/cm2, y resistencia a la flexión de 42 Kg/cm2. La modificación se realizó mediante la sustitución del cemento por ceniza de cascarilla de arroz (sílice), en proporciones del 5%, 15% y 30%. Los resultados muestran la viabilidad para el porcentaje de sustitución de 5% en la resistencia a la compresión, la tracción indirecta y a la flexión, por lo tanto, hay una viabilidad técnica para aplicar este procedimiento.
A desvinculação de receitas da União e sua extensão para os demais entes da Federação: uma constitucionalidade a ser discutida
Authors: Guimarães Napoleão Lopes
Published: February 2017

Trata-se de discussão que envolve a constitucionalidade da desvinculação de receitas da União como ferramenta contábil para aliviar o caixa dos Estados, do Distrito Federal e dos Municípios para possibilitar a flexibilização de parte das receitas arrecadadas por tais entes a fim de que sejam utilizadas livremente em benefício dos anseios da população.
Evaluación de tecnologías de sensores para la detección temprana de incendios forestales
Authors: Hernández-Hostaller Néstor
Published: February 2017

Los incendios forestales son fuegos sin control que se extienden libremente en el bosque. Las labores para el manejo y control del fuego forestal incluyen la detección como un primer paso La importancia de lograr la detección temprana de incendios forestales (DTIF) radica en que se facilita eliminarlos a un bajo costo, antes de que se quemen grandes extensiones de bosque. La DTIF está concebida para dar la alarma cuando se ha iniciado el fuego, y es por esta razón que se  deben utilizar sensores para las variables indicadoras de la existencia del fuego: la variable química (emisiones de humo, CO, CO2, CH4) y la variable física (radiación infrarroja y el calor).

Las características de los sensores utilizados son determinantes para descubrir el inicio del  fuego en tiempo real, así como  para mejorar la escalabilidad, disminuir el costo de la red de sensores, y lograr la DTIF en forma práctica.

Los sensores para las emisiones infrarroja y térmica (variable física) tienen una alta sensibilidad que facilitan la detección desde gran distancia, pero al utilizarlos en tierra la desventaja es que el follaje y obstáculos del terreno atenúan y dispersan la emisión infrarroja y se requiere el emplazamiento de torres para mejorar la línea de vista.

Los sensores de las emisiónes químicas tienen ventajas para la detección terrestre del inicio del fuego (las emanaciones del fuego en el bosque se difunden por el aire y pueden llegar a los rincones del bosque), no necesitan línea de vista y tampoco estar ubicados a gran altura, además el mercado ofrece soluciones para la detección del fuego que podrían adaptarse  para utilizarlas dentro del bosque (por ejemplo sensores con alta sensibilidad y de costo variable, sistemas para la detección óptica del humo y sistemas multicriterio que disminuyen las falsas alarmas). Sus desventajas son que algunos sensores consumen energía de calentamiento (para elevar la temperatura y poder detectar el gas CO o CO2) y que se pueden dañar al sobrepasar los valores límites (de concentración de gas o humedad relativa). Además,  la concentración de humo y gas cerca del punto de detección se reduce debido a la dispersión en el bosque y esto afecta el rendimiento de los sensores que requieren de una cantidad mínima de ppm o de porcentaje de oscurecimiento)

Las emisiones o variables químicas (CO, humo y CO2) son detectadas principalmente mediante dos estrategias: 

-La respuesta de estas variables a fenómenos físicos (absorción de IR, dispersión IR, ionización, efectos fotoacústicos)

-La interacción  de estas variables con el material del sensor utilizado (absorción, reacción química o una combinación de ambas).
Growth of off-flavours-caused phytoplankton in milkfish culture fertilized with different N:P
Authors: Azis Rahmadi , Affandi Ridwan , Nirmala Kukuh , Prihadi Triheru
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT Milkfish culture in ponds currently use inorganic fertilizers for growing phytoplankton. Giving of urea and SP (superphosphate) too much in the pond environment will cause eutrophication and often cause fish smell of mud (off-flavours). Off-flavours in fish is caused by two chemical compounds those are geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB). Research was performed to evaluate the growth of off-flavours-caused phytoplankton in milkfish culture fertilized by different N:P. This study used nine ponds. Ponds are used for fish rearing area of 600 m2. Fish reared in ponds at the density of 1 fish/m2 for 90 days. The study were showed that types of phytoplankton obtained were the phylum Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Bacillariophyta, Dinoflagellate, Glaocophyta, and Euglenophyta. Percentage abundance of phytoplankton that produced geosmin and MIB (Cyanophyta) in each treatment was less than 50% of the percentage of total phytoplankton. Organoleptic scores showed that the treatment pond G (N:P ratio 4) score of 7 (not fresh, no off-flavours). Organoleptic scores of treatments with N:P ratio 5, 15 and 30 in pond A (freshwater pond) and pond B (brackish water pond) were 8 (fresh, no off-flavours). Keywords: extensive pond-culture, phytoplankton, N:P ratio, organoleptic  ABSTRAK Budidaya bandeng di tambak saat ini menggunakan pupuk anorganik untuk menumbuhkan fitoplankton. Pemberian pupuk urea dan SP (superphosphate) yang berlebihan pada lingkungan budidaya akan menyebabkan kondisi perairan tersebut menjadi sangat subur dan sering menyebabkan ikan bau lumpur off-flavours. Bau lumpur di ikan disebabkan oleh dua senyawa kimia yaitu geosmin dan 2-methylisoborneol (MIB). Penelitian dilakukan untuk menguji pertumbuhan fitoplankton penyebab bau lumpur pada tambak ikan bandeng dipupuk dengan N:P berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan sembilan petak tambak. Tambak yang digunakan berukuran 600 m2. Ikan ditebar di tambak dengan kepadatan 1 ikan/m2 dan dipelihara selama 90 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan fitoplankton yang didapatkan antara lain berasal dari filum Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Bacillariophyta, Dinoflagellata, Glaocophyta, dan Euglenophyta. Kelimpahan fitoplankton Cyanophyta lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan fitoplankton bukan Cyanophyta yaitu di bawah 50%. Skor organoleptik perlakuan tambak G (rasio N:P 4) yaitu 7 (kurang segar, tidak bau lumpur). Skor organoleptik perlakuan rasio N:P 5, 15, dan 30 di tambak A (tambak air tawar) dan tambak B (tambak air payau) adalah 8 (segar, tidak bau lumpur). Kata kunci: budidaya kolam ekstensif, fitoplankton, rasio N:P, organoleptik
The Caryotipe of Endemic Ornamental Fish Celebes Rainbow (Telmatherina ladigesi) from Maros River, South Sulawesi
Authors: Andriani I. , Sugiri N. , Carman Odang , Sjafei D.S.
Published: February 2017

The objective of this research was to find the caryotype of the endemic ornamental fish, Celebes rainbow (Telmatherina ladigesi) from Maros River South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The experimental fish were caught from the branches of Maros River, those are Bantimurung River, Pattunuangasue River and Makkatoang River. Tissue collection and slide preparation were carried out using the solid tissue technique with slight modification. The amount of chromosome pairs found from those three rivers (three population) were 2n = 48. These chromosomes were divided into 13 pairs big chromosomes (>1 urn) and 11 pairs small chromosomes (<1 u.m). The caryotype of each population were 3 submetacentric (Sm), 7 subtelocentric (St) and 14 telocentric (t) for population in Pattunuangasue River, 2Sm-8St-14t in Bantimurung River and lSm-7St-16t in Makkatoang River. Based on the above caryotype datas it was concluded that the population of Celebes rainbow in Maros River have been different.

Key words : Celebes Rainbow, endemic, caryotype, chromosome, Maros River

 

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kariotip dari ikan hias endemik rainbow Sulawesi (Telmatherina ladigesi). Ikan uji rainbow Sulawesi diambil dari beberapa anak Sungai Maros yaitu Sungai Bantimurung, Sungai Pattunuangasue dan Sungai Makkatoang. Pembuatan preparat kromosom dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik jaringan padat dengan sedikit modifikasi. Jumlah kromosom semua ikan uji rainbow Sulawesi adalah 48 buah atau 24 pasang (2n = 48). Kromosom tersebut terdiri atas 13 pasang kromosom besar (>I u,m) dan 11 pasang kromosom kecil (<1 urn ). Pola kariotip yang diperoleh yaitu masing-masing 3 submetasentrik (Sm), 7 subtelosentrik (St) dan 14 telosentrik (t) untuk ikan rainbow Sulawesi di Sungai Pattunuangasue, 2Sm-8St-14t di Sungai Bantimurung dan lSm-7St-16t di Sungai Makkatoang. Perbedaan pola kariotip ini menunjukkan adanya kemungkinan perbedaan populasi.
 Kata kunci : rainbow Sulawesi, endemik, kariotip, kromosom, Sungai Maros
White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) and Vibrio sp. in the Fresh Feed Used as Tiger Shrimp, Penaeus monodon, Broodstock Diet
Authors: Haliman R.W.
Published: February 2017

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the presence of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and Vibrio sp. in clam, oyster crabs, squid and sea worm as fresh feed for tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, Broodstock. The presence of WSSV was detected by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, while the Vibrio sp. was grown in TCBS agar and counted as cfu/g fresh feed. The result shows that all the feed have already infected by WSSV with light infection level. Vibrio sp. can be isolated from all samples and their population were 1.5 x 103 - 1,8 x 104 cfu/g fresh feed.

Key words: WSSV, Vibrio sp., fresh feed, tiger shrimp broodstock

 

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui keberadaan white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) dan Vibrio sp. pada pakan segar untuk induk udang windu. Penaeus monodon. Pakan segar yang dievaluasi terdiri dari kerang, tiram, kepiting, cumi-cumi dan cacing laut. WSSV dideteksi dengan metode polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Kandungan Vibrio sp. dihitung dengan menginokulasikan 0,1 ml suspensi pakan segar pada agar TCBS. kemudian diinkubasikan pada suhu ruang selama 24 jam. Koloni bakteri yang tumbuh dihitung dan dinyatakan dalam cfu/g pakan. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa semua jenis pakan segar terinfeksi WSSV pada skala ringan. Vibrio sp. dapat diisolasi dari semua jenis pakan segar, dan jumlah populasinya 1,5 x 103- 1,8 x 104 cfu/g pakan.
 Kata kunci: WSSV, Vibrio sp., pakan segar, induk udang windu
Control of Natural Food with Diazinon for Growth and Survival of Marbled Goby, Oxyeleotris marmorata (Bleeker)
Authors: Nasir M. , Sumawidjaja K. , Sumawidjaja K. , Effendi Irzal
Published: February 2017

Dua percobaan telah dilakukan, yaitu tanpa dan dengan larva ikan. Percobaan pertama, yang menggunakan 3 konsentrasi diazinon 0. 2 dan 4 ppm dan 3 ulangan, mempelajari pertumbuhan rotifera, cladocera dan copepoda. Percobaan kedua mempunyai 2 perlakuan, yaitu diazinon 0 dan 4 ppm (yang terbaik dari percobaan pertama) serta 4 ulangan untuk mengevaluasi: 1) ketersediaan, pemanfaatan dan susunan jasad-jasad pakan, 2) pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup larva, serta 3) perkembangan larva ikan. Larva yang berumur satu hari ditebar pada saat kelimpahan rotifera tertinggi di hapa dengan kepadatan 40 larva/1 atau 3.200 larva/hapa. Hapa (mesh 0,8 mm) yang berukuran 50x40x50 cm ditempatkan dalam kolam-kolam beton yang berukuran 4,25x2,00x 0,65 m. Kolam-kolam ini mula-mula dikeringkan selama 2 hari, dipupuk dengan kotoran ayam 1.000 g/m3 dan diisi air setinggi 50 cm. Keesokan harinya kolam dipupuk dengan urea dan tripel superfosfat masing-masing 20 dan 30 g/m3. Dua hari kemudian air diberi diazinon sesuai perlakuan. Hasil percobaan pertama menunjukkan bahwa diazinon meningkatkan ketersediaan rotifera. Populasi rotifera tertinggi dicapai di kolam yang mendapat diazinon 4 ppm. Percobaan kedua memberikan laju pertumbuhan harian dan kelangsungan hidup larva ikan serta ketersediaan dan pemanfaatan rotifer tertinggi pada pemberian diazinon 4 ppm.

Kata kunci: Pakan alami, larva. Oxyeleotris marmorata, diazinon. kelangsungan hidup, pertumbuhan

 

ABSTRACT

Two experiments were conducted, without and with fish larvae. The first experiment, utilizing 3 concentrations of diazinon, i.e. 0, 2 and 4 ppm and 3 replications, evaluated the growth of rotifers, cladocerans and copepods. The second experiment had 2 treatments, i.e. 0 and 4 ppm diazinon and 4 replications evaluated: 1) the availability, utilization and composition of food organisms, 2) the growth and survival rates offish larvae, and 3) the development of larvae. One-day old larvae were stocked at times of highest rotifer concentrations in hapas at 40 larvae/1 or 3,200 larvae/hapa. Hapas (0,8 mm mesh) of 50x40x50 cm were placed in concrete ponds of 4.25x2.00x0,65 m. The ponds were dried for 2 days, fertilized with chicken manure 1.000 g/m3 and filled with water up to 50 cm deep. Next day, the ponds were fertilized with urea and triple superphosphate 20 and 30 g/m3 respectively. Two days later, the water was treated with diazinon according to treatments. The results of the first experiment showed that diazinon increased the availability of rotifers. The highest rotifer populations were obtained in ponds receiving 4 ppm diazinon. The second experiment gave highest daily growth and survival rates of fish larvae, te availability and utilization of rotifers at 4 ppm diazinon.
 Key words: Natural foods, larvae, Oxyeleotris marmorata, diazinon, survival, growth.
The Effect of Hydroquinone Extracted from Sonneratia caseolaris Fruit on the Hemolymph of Tiger Prawn, Penaeus monodon Fab., Infected by Vibrio harveyi
Authors: Arifuddin . , Sukenda . , Dana D.
Published: February 2017

Study on the effect of hydroquinone extracted from 5. caseolaris fruit on Penaeus monodon immune system was carried out. Hydroquinone was extracted by methanol and chloroform using a soxhlet apparatus. Two kinds of in vivo experiments were conducted that were (1) shrimps were only injected with hidroquinone and (2) shrimps were injected with hidroquinone and challenged with Vibrio harveyi. Total hemocyte, differential hemocyte and phagocytic index were examined on shrimp injected with only hidroquinone and shrimp injected with hidroquinone and challenged with V. harveyi. Total hemocyte of hydroquinone injected shrimp increased significantly by day 5 from 8.33xl06 to 4,93 x 107 cells/ml. Hyaline and semi granular hemocyte cells by day 7 decreased from 61,15% to 27,84% and 8,14% to 2,53%, respectively. However, granular hemocyte cells increase significantly from 30,71% to 69,63%. Phagocytic index increased significantly by day 7 from 0.41 to 0,76. These findings indicated that crude hydroquinone can increase non spesifik imune response of P. monodon against V. harveyi infection.

Key words: hydroquinone. Sonneratia caseolaris. Vibrio harveyi, Penaeus monodon, immune system

 

ABSTRAK

Kajian tentang efek hidrokuinon yang diekstraksi dari buah S. caseolaris pada sistem imun udang windu, Penaeus monodon, dilakukan. Hidrokuinon diekstraksi dengan methanol dan kloroform. Dua jenis percobaan in vivo dilakukan yaitu (1) udang hanya diinjeksi dengan hidrokuinon (2) udang diinjeksi dengan hidrokuinon kemudian diuji tantang dengan bakteri Vibrio harveyi. Total hemosit, diferensial hemosit dan indeks pagositas diperiksa pada udang yang dinjeksi dengan hidrokuinon saja dan pada udang yang diinjeksi dengan hidrokuinon dan diuji tantang dengan bakteri V. harveyi. Total hemosit meningkat secara nyata sampai hari ke 5 dari 8,33 x I06 ke 4,93 x 107 sel/ml. Hyaline dan sel-sel semi granular sampai hari ke 7 masing-masing turun dari 61,15% ke 27,84% dan 8,14% ke 2,53%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa hidrokuinon dapat meningkatkan respon imun spesifik pada udang terhadap infeksi V. harveyi.
 Kata kunci: hidrokuinon, Sonneratia caseolaris, Vibrio harveyi, Penaeus monodon, sistem imun
Control of Polychaetes by Dipping Infected Pearl Oyster on Different Salinity
Authors: Hadiroseyani Yani , Iswadi . , Djokosetyanto Daniel
Published: February 2017

Dip treatment on pearl oysters (Pinctada maxima) was conducted in different concentrations of saline water to eliminate boring polychaetes. Results shows that polychaetes leave the oysters which treated on saline water at 0 ppt, 45 ppt, and 60 ppt as long as 15 minutes each. It also shows that the oysters got high survival rate 7 days after the treatment.

Key words: Pearl oyster, Pinctada maxima, polychaetes, salt, dipping, survival rate  
The Improvement of Protein Retention through a Higher Utilization of Carbohydrate in the Diet with Chromium for Common Carp Cyprinus carpio Linn.
Authors: Mokoginta I. , Hapsyari F. , Suprayudi M. Agus
Published: February 2017

This experiment was conducted to improve the protein retention through carbohydrate efficiency in the chromium diet of common carp Cyprinus carpio. Four experimental diets with isonitrogen and isocaloric but different Cr+3 level 0,00; 1,33; 2,23 and 3,96 ppm were used in this experiment. Fish with body weight of 5,31 ± 0,02 gram were reared in aquaria (50 x 40 x 35 cm); 20 fish per aquarium. Fish fed upon the experimental diets three times daily, at satiation for 50 days. Results of this experiment showed that the protein retention could be improved by given Cr+3 in the diet. Based on the respon curve of protein retention (Yi = -1.1678X2 + 3,7223X + 24,818 ; R2 = 0,9) it was found that the optimum Cr*J in the diet was 1,59 ppm. The maximum relative growth rate was found at 2,16 ppm Cr3+ (Y2 = -14,592 X: + 63,18IX + 426,43 ; R = 0,9). The feed efficiency and the survival rate of the fish are the same between treatment (p>0.05). The protein level of the fish from treatment 3,96 ppm Cr+3 was lower than the others; the lipid level of Cr+3 diets was higher than that of non Cr+3 diet; however the carbohydrate level of fish from diet 2,23 Cr+3 was lower than the others. It was concluded that the optimum level of Cr +3 in the diet of common carp was 1,59-2,16 ppm

Key words : dietary chromium, common carp, Cyprinus carpio

 

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan retensi protein dan pertumbuhan ikan mas Cyprinus carpio melalui peningkatan efisiensi karbohidrat pakan yang diberi kromium (Cr"3). Empat macam pakan dengan kadar Cr+3 yang berbeda yaitu 0,00; 1,33; 2,23 dan 3,96 ppm tetapi kadar protein dan energi yang sama digunakan pada penelitian ini. Ikan mas berbobot 5,31 ± 0,02 gram per ekor dipelihara dalam akuarium (50x40x35 cm) dengan kepadatan 20 ekor. Ikan diberi pakan tiga kali sehari secara at satiation. Pemberian pakan dilakukan selama 50 hari. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa adanya pemberian Cr+3 dalam pakan akan mengefisienkan penggunaan karbohidrat pakan sehingga retensi protein akan meningkat pula. Retensi protein tertinggi dicapai pada kadar Cr+3 1,59 ppm (dihitung dari persamaan y, = -1,1678X2 + 3,7223X + 24,818; R2 = 0,9). Pertumbuhan relatif tertinggi dicapai pada kadar Cr+3 2,16 ppm (dihitung dari y2 = -14,592 X2 + 63.181X + 426,43; R2 = 0,9); sedangkan efiseinsi pakan dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup antar perlakuan sama (p>0,05). Kadar protein tubuh perlakuan 3,96 ppm Cr+3 relatif lebih rendah dari perlakuan lainnya. Kadar lemak tubuh ikan yang diberi Cr+3 lebih tinggi dari yang tidak diberi Cr+3; sedangkan kadar karbohidrat tubuh terendah pada perlakuan 2,23 ppm Cr+3. Secara keseluruhan dapat disimpulkan bahwa kadar Cr+3 optimum dalam pakan ikan adalah 1,59-2,16 ppm.
 Kata kunci : Kromium pakan. ikan mas, Cyprinus carpio
Control of Polychaetes by Dipping Infected Pearl Oyster on Different Salinity
Authors: Hadiroseyani Yani , Iswadi . , Djokosetyanto Daniel
Published: February 2017

Dip treatment on pearl oysters (Pinctada maxima) was conducted in different concentrations of saline water to eliminate boring polychaetes. Results shows that polychaetes leave the osyters which treated on saline water at 0 ppt, 45 ppt, and 60 ppt as long as 15 minutes each. It also shows that the oysters got high survival rate 7 days after the treatment.

Key words : Polychaetes, pearl oyster, dipping, salinity

 

ABSTRAK

Pengendalian polikaeta pengebor dengan menggunakan berbagai konsentrasi larutan garam telah dilakukan pada tiram mutiara (Pinctada maxima). Berdasarkan jumlah polikaeta yang keluar, hasil percobaan ini menunjukkan bahwa perendaman dengan konsentrasi garam 0 ppt. 45 ppt, dan 60 ppt selama 15 menit lebih efektif dibandingkan pada konsentrasi 15 dan 30 ppt. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup tiram mutiara yang diamati 7 hari setelah perendaman dalam larutan garam mencapai 100%.
 Kata kunci : Polikaeta. tiram mutiara, perendaman. salinitas