bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential Assessment and Techno-Economic Evaluation of Photovoltaic Energy Conversion: A Case of Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit System
Authors: Kebede Asegid Belay , Worku Getachew Biru
Published: December 2024

Climate change resulting from the burning of fossil fuels has led to severe consequences like global warming, flooding, and melting of ice sheets. One of the significant contributors to this problem is the ever-increasing production and consumption of energy, which is still primarily fossil-based and emits billions of tons of hazardous GHG. The transportation industry is one of the biggest contributors to carbon dioxide emissions, and the rail transportation sector has a significant opportunity to reduce its carbon footprint by adopting renewable energy sources like solar power. This research aims to assess the potential of solar photovoltaic systems in powering railway transportation and to evaluate the economic viability of such a system. The study focuses on the light rail transit system in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and aims to determine the energy-generating capacity and economic benefits of installing solar panels on various structures like train rooftops, railway depots, passenger stations, and DC traction substations. Subsequently, the research tried to address the question of how much energy could be generated by a solar photovoltaic system installed on various structures in the railway transportation system and to what extent these energies could support the railway traction supply system. The study also aimed to determine the economic feasibility of adopting solar power in railway transportation. Therefore, the research employs a quantitative research methodology and uses a Google Earth system with Helioscopes software to evaluate the potential of PV systems along rail lines and on rooftops. The study uses a case study approach and analyses the data collected through simulations to determine the energy-generating capacity and potential economic benefits. Consequently, the research finds that the solar PV system can generate 72.6 MWh per day, with an annual power output of 10.6 GWh, which can reduce CO2 emissions by 180,000 tons while generating a total profit of 892 million Ethiopian birrs. The PV-AA-LRTS has a return on investment of 200%, with a payback time of less than 13 years, and the price of solar-generated electricity is less than $0.08/kWh. Finally, the research concludes that solar power has tremendous potential in the railway transportation sector, particularly in reducing carbon emissions and generating economic benefits. In addition, the research findings support the adoption of solar power in railway transportation systems and provide a framework for assessing the potential of renewable energy sources in powering transportation systems.
Substitution of River Sand with Fly Ash in Self-Compacting Concrete by Utilizing Novel Admixture
Authors: Khare Pranay R. , Vinay Kumar P. , Wanjari Swapnil P.
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the substitution of river sand with respect to fly ash in self-compacting concrete (SCC) and its performance on workability, strength, and durability. Various mix designs were assessed through L-box, V-funnel and slump cone test to determine fresh concrete properties. The results indicated that higher fly ash content significantly improved the passing and filling abilities of SCC, as evidenced by increased L-box blocking ratios and larger slump flow measurements, albeit with a higher segregation tendency. The mix with 75% fly ash and 25% river sand (FA75-RS25) demonstrated the best overall performance, showing superior passing ability (L-box ratio of 0.87), excellent filling ability (slump flow of 700 mm), and acceptable segregation resistance. This mix also achieved the highest split tensile, flexural, and compressive strengths, outperforming the control mix (FA00-RS100). Flexural strength results for the FA75-RS25 mix showed significant improvements over time, with values of 7.67 MPa at 28 days, 10.33 MPa at 56 days, and 11.17 MPa at 90 days, compared to the control mix which achieved 5.83 MPa, 7.50 MPa, and 8.17 MPa, respectively. These findings underscore the potential of fly ash as a viable and sustainable substitute for river sand in SCC, enhancing performance and supporting sustainable construction practices. Further research is recommended to explore additional mechanical properties and long-term durability aspects of fly ash-incorporated SCC.
Study on Preparation, Structure, and Properties of Flexible Shape Memory Epoxy Resin
Authors: Wan Tao , Wei Shi Cheng , Wang Yu Jiang , Han Qing , Chen Jian She , Li Bin Chuan , Guo Lei , Fu Da Xue , Wang Bo
Published: December 2024

To improve the toughness of epoxy resins, we add N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to epoxy resin as it is curing, and the flexible epoxy resin is prepared. According to the results of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), DMF is able to effectively graft onto the epoxy resin. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the epoxy resin drops from 99.9°C to 19.4°C, indicating a reduction in the thermodynamic stability of DMF/epoxy, according to the results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). According to tensile studies, DMF/epoxy's mechanical strength is decreased, but its elongation is significantly longer and enhanced by three orders of magnitude. Impact testing reveals a significant improvement in the material's hardness (from 1.67 to 15 J·cm-2). Furthermore, DMF/epoxy is flexibly bendable. Finally, the DMA test shows that DMF/epoxy can achieve good shape memory at low temperatures to room temperature.
Assessing the Safety of Auto-Rickshaws Used as Public Transport in Ghana
Authors: Tettehfio Emmanuel Obobi , Andoh Prince Y. , Atombo Charles , Sekyere Charles K.K. , Ayetor Godwin K.
Published: December 2024

Auto-rickshaws serve as one of the public transport modes for many Ghanaians. However, there is growing concern regarding their safety when used for commercial transport. Therefore, this study assessed the safety of Auto-rickshaw used for commercial public transport in Ghana through Delphi and safety matrix techniques. The study focused on major safety factors such as operational, active, passive and operational safety perspectives, as well as accident, injury, and death prevention. Data was collected through questionnaire surveys to assess the identified safety factors, which were quantitatively evaluated in terms of their occurrence likelihood and consequence safety index. This study extends safety analysis from vehicle safety standards (VSS) to assess the operational safety of Auto-rickshaw. First, a Delphi survey and safety matrix approach were used to identify the major safety factors. Further endurance behaviour of Auto-Rickshaw was examined using commercial code ANSYS 19.2 workbench. Findings indicate that installation and usage of seatbelts in Auto-rickshaw are the most convenient and adaptable safety features perceived to protect occupants from injuries and death. Simulation results further showed that Auto-rickshaw with seatbelts offer 80.3% protection to occupants, compared with Auto-rickshaw without seatbelts, which offer 58.6% protection. Efforts must be made to enact and enforce policies that ensure seatbelts are incorporated into commercial auto-rickshaws.
Measurement of Dynamic Mechanical Property Parameters of 12X18H10T at High Strain Rates
Authors: Niu Qin , Zhang Xue Sheng , Zhang Yong Xin
Published: December 2024

To measure the dynamic mechanical properties of 12X18H10T stainless steel at high strain rates, dynamic impact tests were conducted on 12X18H10T specimens at three high strain rates using the SHPB apparatus. The dynamic engineering stress-strain data and true stress-strain data of 12X18H10T stainless steel at different strain rates were obtained using the classical three-wave method theory. The engineering stress-strain data and the Cowper-Symonds constitutive model were used to fit least squares data to obtain the dynamic yield strength and strain rate-dependent parameters separately. This provides input data for the drop test simulation of shipping containers of radioactive materials considering the strain rate effect.
Influence of the Incorporation of Recycled Glass Powder on the Fresh State Properties and Compressive, Tensile, and Flexural Strength at 7, 14, and 28 Days of a Sustainable Concrete with f'c = 280 kg/cm², Designed Using the ACI Method, in the City of Lima
Authors: Brad Donaires Hurtado Tristan , Henrry Retuerto Arce Manuel , Carlos Eyzaguirre Acosta Augusto
Published: December 2024

Improper solid waste management in Lima, particularly glass, leads to severe environmental, social, and public health problems. The low recycling rate and waste accumulation contaminate soils and groundwater, impacting long-term quality of life. This research aims to evaluate the inclusion of residual glass powder (RGP) in concrete to enhance the sustainability of concrete design, focusing on San Juan de Lurigancho, where the highest amount of waste per person in Lima is generated. The proposed solution involves developing a waterproof concrete design by incorporating residual glass powder (RGP). This approach includes replacing 5%, 10%, and 15% of the cement in the mix to achieve a strength of 280 kg/cm², thereby reducing pollution from glass waste and CO2 emissions. Fresh concrete properties were evaluated and found to improve flow and temperature. The slump of fresh concrete increased gradually with the percentage of residual glass powder (RGP), reaching up to 16.5%. Regarding the properties in the hardened state, in terms of strength, replacing 15% of the cement with RGP resulted in a 2.57% increase in compressive strength. The tensile strength at 28 days increased by 21.53% and 16.8% when replacing 10% and 15% of the cement, respectively. However, replacing 15% of the cement resulted in a 0.4% decrease in flexural strength, while a 10% replacement resulted in a 1.44% increase. On the other hand, replacing cement with 15% RGP reduced CO2 emissions to 53.79 kg/m³. Additionally, a higher percentage of RGP in the concrete allows for cost savings of up to 12.2%, demonstrating a progressive reduction. From the analyses, it was found that the mix including 10% RGP stands out as the optimal option. It shows significant improvements in strength and profitability, reducing production costs by 3.4% and CO2 emissions by 10.83%. This design achieves an ideal balance between performance, cost, and environmental sustainability.
Understanding cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins: implications for human exposure, toxicological risk assessment and management
Authors: Testai Emanuela
Published: December 2024

Cyanobacteria, often referred to as blue-green algae, are a diverse group of photosynthetic bacteria that play a crucial role in various ecosystems. However, their proliferation and toxin production pose significant challenges to environmental, animal, and human health. In recent years, the interplay between cyanobacteria, climate change, and the production of cyanotoxins has garnered increased attention. This short note aims to delve into the intricate relationship between cyanobacteria and the production of cyanotoxins, the toxicological risks associated with exposure, and strategies for risk assessment and management.
A rapid weight loss caused by therapeutic cannabinoid use in an elderly individual: a case report
Authors: Salsano Elisa , Rossi Oriana , Rispoli Cecilia , Zuccarino Marta , Tibullo Loredana , Vargas Nicola
Published: December 2024

The proportion of older adults using medical cannabis is rising. Most of the cannabinoid research has focused on a healthy, younger population free from frailty and major comorbidity. In this case report, we describe an 82-year-old woman who was autonomous in basic and instrumental activities of daily living and who came to our geriatric department for marked weight loss over the past 2 months (about 10 kg) and anemia. After appropriate clinical and endoscopic checks, it was concluded that the weight loss was induced by the initiation of therapy with oral cannabis for the control of rheumatic pain.
Impact of unanswered questions on examinees’ latent traits: An item response theory perspective
Authors: Akinboboye Joseph T. , Ayanwale Musa A. , Adewuni David A. , Vincent Yohanna I.
Published: December 2024

In grading examinees’ responses to test items, it is not uncommon to find that some examinees omit responses to specific items. The number of omitted responses must be considered in the psychometric analysis of test data. Omitted responses cannot be ignored, as mishandling them can jeopardise the validity of the test. This study investigates the impact of omitted responses on examinee characteristics in Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT), using item response theory (IRT) in Osun State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was employed, with a sample of 600 senior secondary school 3 (SSS 3) students from eight randomly selected schools. The instrument used was a 40-item multiple-choice MAT, adapted from the West African Examinations Council’s items, with a reliability coefficient of 0.88. The instrument was content-validated by experts in Mathematics using the Lawshe content validity ratio, giving a 0.82 content validity index. The results indicate significant differences in estimated ability levels among groups, with varying probabilities of examinees producing omitted responses. The study recommends the consideration of omitted responses in IRT-based ability estimation and emphasises the importance of comparable ability groupings. This research contributes to the understanding of the complexities of educational measurement and highlights the need for careful handling of omitted responses to ensure the validity of test inferences.Contribution: This study contributes by highlighting the importance of considering omitted responses in MAT, emphasising their impact on estimated ability levels and the validity of test inferences, thus informing fairer assessment practices and enhancing the reliability of educational measurements.
Lived experiences of patients with epidermolysis bullosa: A rare genetic skin disease
Authors: Chateau Antoinette V. , Blackbeard David , Aldous Colleen , Dlova Ncoza , Shaw Cassidy-Mae
Published: December 2024

Background: Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a rare genodermatosis that results in extreme skin fragility, for which there is no cure and may be fatal. The quality of life of patients affected may be greatly impacted.Aim: This study aims to understand the lived experiences of patients with EB.Setting: Intensive semi-structured interviews were conducted with three participants via Zoom, and a follow-up member checking session was held in person at the RARE-X conference.Methods: This qualitative research used interpretative phenomenological analysis with the aim of understanding the lived experiences of patients with EB. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with three participants using Lincoln and Guba’s framework of trustworthiness was used to ensure rigour.Results: Three adult participants shared in-depth experiences of living with EB. Four themes with subthemes were identified: (1) medical damages, (2) development trajectory, (3) subjective well-being and life satisfaction and (4) sources of resilience and support.Conclusion: Epidermolysis bullosa affected all developmental stages of life, impacting them physically, emotionally, socially and financially. They shared their concerns relating to a lack of knowledge of healthcare practitioners (HCPs) in managing their illness and society for judging their condition. There is a need for comprehensive biopsychosocial care of patients and their families, as well as continued medical education for HCPs and awareness of society regarding this debilitating condition.Contribution: To our knowledge, this is the first study in Africa focused on the lived experiences of patients with EB. This highlights the physical, psychosocial and financial challenges that patients with rare diseases encounter in our local setting.
A retrospective review of postgraduate physiotherapy research at the University of Zambia
Authors: Nkhata Loveness A. , Mweshi Margaret M.
Published: December 2024

Background: Highly qualified researchers are vital in rehabilitation sciences, and postgraduate physiotherapy students play a key role through their research, which bridges theoretical knowledge and practical application to enhance both education and patient care.Aim: This study aimed to review postgraduate physiotherapy research characteristics and patterns at the University of Zambia.Setting: This review was conducted within the University of Zambia’s Physiotherapy Department, where postgraduate research outputs were examined across various academic periods and publication platforms.Method: A retrospective analysis of postgraduate physiotherapy research from 2009 to 2024 was conducted using departmental archives. The data included programme inception, enrolment figures, research topics, study designs, publication statuses and journals. Descriptive statistics, including percentages, were used for the analysis.Results: Out of 45 student records, 33 were suitable for analysis, with 77.8% of the students being female. The research primarily focussed on community rehabilitation (24%), followed by neurology and orthopaedics (21% each). Case studies were the most common research design adopted, accounting for 27% of the studies, with findings published in local, regional and international journals.Conclusion: The findings demonstrate sustained growth in postgraduate physiotherapy enrollment over the past 15 years, with a notable increase in female representation. Research has primarily focused on community rehabilitation and case studies, contributing to both policy frameworks and clinical practice.Contribution: The research highlights the need to strengthen future studies through improved research methods and data collection strategies. Enhancing these aspects will further support evidence-based advancements in physiotherapy practice and contribute to more effective clinical outcomes.
The anti-inflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma as a potential therapeutic target of Alzheimer’s disease: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Li Weiqi , Huang Xudong , Pang Xinping , Sun Yue , Zeng Zihang , Zheng Pengtao , Gao Chonghao , Pang Chaoyang
Published: December 2024

The age-related neurodegenerative disease Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and neurodegeneration and is often accompanied by inflammation within the central nervous system. This study investigated the role of interferon-gamma, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. Our findings highlight three critical insights: first, there was a significant reduction in interferon-gamma expression at the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease, suggesting an initial impairment in immune function. Second, we identified a novel correlation between the expression levels of interferon-gamma and its receptors, which may indicate a mechanism through which interferon-gamma signaling is altered in Alzheimer’s disease. Third, we observed an increase in entropy and determinant values for interferon-gamma and its receptors, suggesting that systemic dysregulation likely contributes to disease progression. Our study underscores the pivotal role of interferon-gamma in Alzheimer’s disease and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target.
Correlations between Placental Thickness and Neonatal Outcomes: A Detailed Analysis at 32 and 36 Weeks
Authors: Agrawal Alka , Shukla Prachi , Yonati Vivek , Ahlawat Sapna , Meena Rinku , Ahlawat Deepak , Patel Neelesh
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

The placenta helps in supporting the developing fetus by providing essential metabolic, immunological, endocrine, respiratory and nutritional functions. During pregnancy, the placenta grows in size to adequately support the needs of the developing fetus. Abnormalities in placental thickness (PT) can serve as an indicator of potential complications during pregnancy. Utilizing ultrasound technology to assess the thickness of the placenta throughout pregnancy, aiming to identify potential connections with fetal well-being, as well as other relevant factors. In addition, the objective is to establish reference charts for PT during 32 and 36 weeks of gestation.

Materials and Methods:

An bservational study at a Medical College and Hospital in India, from February 2023–2024, that included 400 patients. The thickness of the placenta was measured at 32 and 36 weeks in women who were referred for antenatal scans. Out of the 400 participants, 25 gave birth before reaching 36 weeks, while the remaining 375 were monitored until they reached 36 weeks. The thickness was categorized into three groups: Normal (10th–90th percentile), thin (<10th percentile), and thick (>90th percentile). The outcomes of the newborns were evaluated after delivery and statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA to calculate descriptive measures such as the mean and standard deviation.

Results:

Among the 400 patients at 32 weeks, PT measurements had varied from 25 to 40 mm, with a PT (mean) of approximately 31 mm ± 3.13 mm. At 36 weeks, among the 375 patients, PT ranged from 27 to 44 mm and a mean PT of approximately 35.2 mm ± 3.27 mm. The correlation of PT and the fetal birth weight was noticeable, with a stronger correlation observed at 36 weeks (r = 0.432) compared to 32 weeks (r = 0.316).

Conclusion:

The overall thickness of the placenta at 32 and 36 weeks is closely related to the stage of pregnancy and can provide valuable insights into the overall wellness of the newborn. It is important to measure PT along with biometric parameters during ultrasound examinations for pregnant women. In addition, we observed the interaction of different factors, including body mass index and parity.
Evaluation of Health-related Factors Influencing Fears of Aging among Elderly Chinese Citizens
Authors: Tien Yun-Hsiang , Huang Jingchi
Published: December 2024

Many countries face an increasingly aging population, but China is now home to the largest population of older people in the world. This study aims to analyze health-related factors influencing fears of aging among elderly Chinese citizens. Multiple regression models were constructed using fears of aging as the dependent variable and demographics and other key components as independent variables, respectively. Results showed that individuals with a chronic disease had more fears of aging than those without a chronic disease. Individuals with a higher personal annual income had less fears of aging. Individuals who were less worried about the lack of timely treatment and unaffordable medical expenses had less fears of aging.
Association between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Development of Oral Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kabra Anagha , Shaw Amar Kumar , Kanjalkar Sakshi , Panchal Aditi , Sahoo Pradyumna Kumar , Gachake Arti
Published: December 2024

Aim:

To assess the risk of developing oral cancer (OC) in individuals who have diabetes mellitus (DM) and to predict the prognosis for OC patients with DM.

Methodology:

The review adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024517197). A thorough search of databases was conducted from January 2000 to May 2024 to identify studies reporting the reporting association between DM and the development of OC. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for included studies. The odds ratio (OR) and risk ratio (RR) served as the summary statistic measure, employing a random-effect model with a significance threshold set at P < 0.05.

Results:

Twelve studies met the eligibility criteria and underwent qualitative synthesis, with eight studies in meta-analysis. Upon quality assessment, the studies demonstrated a range of moderate to low risk of bias (ROB), ensuring a comprehensive evaluation of the evidence base. Meta-analysis showed that individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus had a higher shown high association (OR = 2.07 (0.52–8.18) and risk (RR =1.31 (0.70–2.43) for the development of OC compared to nondiabetics (P > 0.05). The funnel plot did show presence of possible publication bias in meta-analysis.

Conclusion:

It was found that DM patients were at higher risk and more associated with the development of OC. However, as OC is multifactorial disease, the presence of a single factor cannot have a significant effect on disease progression. Therefore, furthermore prospective studies with a greater sample size and follow-up period should be conducted so as to validate the findings of this study.
Comparative Evaluation of Effectiveness of Demineralized Freeze-dried Bone Allograft and Other Regenerative Materials for the Treatment of Intrabony Periodontal Defects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ghike Mayuri Rajiv , Phadnaik Mangesh Bhalchandra , Karemore Vaibhav , Desurkar Yugandhara Rameshsingh
Published: December 2024

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) and other regenerative materials for the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized controlled trials (Non-RCTs) reporting on clinical and/or radiographic outcome parameters of periodontal regenerative procedures OF DFDBA with other regenerative materials with a follow-up of more than 3 months were systematically assessed. PRISMA checklist was followed and electronic and hand search was done to identify the studies. Outcome variables were pocket probing depth and pocket depth reduction (PDR), clinical attachment level and clinical attachment gain (CAG), gingival recession (GR), bone fill and percentage (%) of bone fill. Meta-analysis was carried out with possible RCT studies using the DerSimonian–Laird estimator of variance. As sensitivity analysis, fixed-effect meta-analysis was performed using the Mantel–Haenszel method. The search resulted in 1235 published studies. After removal of duplicates and full-text analysis, 10 RCTs and 4 non-RCTs were selected. Overall, the result demonstrated the promising regenerative capacity of DFDBA with other graft materials for the treatment of intabony periodontal defect. Within the limitations of the present systematic review and meta-analysis, the use of DFDBA gives better results in terms of PDR, GR, bone fill, and percentage of bone fill when compared to other regenerative materials in treatment of intrabony periodontal defects, except CAG.
Oral Manifestations in Organ Transplant Patients: A Literature Review
Authors: Muñoz-Gallardo Willy , Espinoza-Carhuancho Fran , Medina Julia , Quispe-Tasayco Lucia , Mauricio-Vilchez Cesar , Galarza-Valencia Diego , Mayta-Tovalino Frank
Published: December 2024

To examine oral manifestations in organ transplant patients, with a focus on viral infections, fungal infections, neoplastic diseases, and inflammatory diseases. A literature review study was conducted. A search was conducted on February 5, 2024, in Scopus and PubMed, using the keywords related to oral manifestations and organ transplantation. We included articles on solid organ or hematopoietic transplantation, which were published in English or Spanish. We excluded the articles focused on specific populations or without full text. Relevant articles were selected based on a review of the title, abstract, and full text. Viral infections, such as cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr virus infections were commonly reported in transplant recipients, with studies highlighting the importance of monitoring and management. Fungal infections, particularly candidiasis, were reported to also be prevalent, emphasizing the need for improved dental care and screening. Neoplastic disease, specifically oral cancer, was a significant concern, with factors, such as immunosuppressive therapy and previous skin cancer, increasing the risk. Inflammatory diseases, such as oral mucositis, were common after transplantation, and they require supportive measures for management. Despite variations in reported incidences, studies underscored the importance of dental and periodontal care in transplant patients. Both healthy individuals and transplant recipients require comprehensive oral health care to prevent discomfort and disease. However, no definitive conclusions can be drawn owing to the study’s limitations. Thus, further research is needed in this area. This study highlights the prevalence of oral manifestations such as viral and fungal infections, oral cancer and inflammatory diseases in transplant patients. It underlines the need for comprehensive dental care and further research to improve the quality of life of these patients, despite the limitations of the study.
Shade Selection, a Key to Esthetics
Authors: Jadhav Shruti Deepak , Pandit Varsha Sanjay , Gaikwad Ashwini Avinash , Ingale Vinaya Prabhanjan , Patil Rajlaxmi Pradeep , Kaul Mineet Satish
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

One of the most difficult steps in restorative dentistry can be precisely matching natural teeth with an artificial restoration. Natural teeth come in a variety of shapes and hues. The type of shade guide, the person’s capacity for shade selection, and the circumstances surrounding the decision-making process all affect how accurate and dependable the process is. As a result, instrumental color determination must be incorporated into routine tasks. Many factors affect color matching, and when done incorrectly, it can lead to outcomes that are not satisfactory for the patient or the clinician. The following article sheds light on various methods of shade selection and which method is superior in matching the shade as close to that of the natural tooth color.
Glide Path – An Ineluctable Route for Successful Endodontic Mechanics: A Literature Review
Authors: Mehta Mahima Bharat , Sharma Anupam , Jadhav Aniket , Handa Aishwarya , Jadhav Abhijit Bajirao , Narayanan Ashwini A.
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

The glide path serves as the foundation for successful root canal therapy by facilitating effective instrumentation, disinfection, and subsequent obturation. It reiterates the importance of meticulous technique and need for attention to detail during endodontic treatment so as to avoid endodontic mishaps. Establishing a glide path creates a smooth and natural pathway which facilitates easy movement of files and reduces the likelihood of procedural errors. It also ensures an inviolate patency to the apical third of the root canal, allowing for the unimpeded passage of instruments and irrigants to the apex of the tooth ensuring disinfection of the critical zone of the root canal system. By gradually enlarging the canal space, a glide path helps to reduce torsional stress on the instruments, which further reduces the risk of instrument fracture. Clinicians should be familiar with various glide path preparation techniques and the use of specialized nickel–titanium files to achieve optimal results for root canal instrumentation. The aim of this review is to highlight the importance of glide path, techniques, and instruments that aid in easy establishment of it and probable negative impact of its absence when rendering root canal treatment.
Nonexpandable Lung
Authors: Chandran Arjun
Published: December 2024

Nonexpandable lung can be due to entrapment or trapped lung. Both conditions have distinct pathophysiology and management strategies. In this review, we discuss each condition with emphasis on causes, pathophysiology, and various investigations in diagnosis. Special emphasis on the role of pleural manometry is also included. The management strategies of both entrapment and trapped lung are also highlighted in this review.
Sympathetic chain reconstruction after failed sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis in regenerative medicine: a narrative review
Authors: Petrella Francesco , Raveglia Federico , Cara Andrea , Cassina Enrico Mario , Degiovanni Sara , Libretti Lidia , Pirondini Emanuele , Tuoro Antonio , Vaquer Sara
Published: December 2024

Hyperhidrosis is a pathologic condition characterized by abnormal sweating that is greater than normally needed for proper thermoregulation. Surgical therapy remains the only effective treatment for a definitive cure of idiopathic focal hyperhidrosis, although some controversies still exist regarding the best operation. The most significant side effect of hyperhidrosis surgery is compensatory hyperhidrosis. Although severe compensatory hyperhidrosis is the less frequent form, it results in a detrimental effect on quality of life, and restoration of the pre-surgical condition is advocated by affected patients. Sympathetic chain reconstruction represents the only surgical option for managing severe compensatory hyperhidrosis after failed sympathetic chain surgery, although without definitive results. In this review, we focus on experimental and clinical data on the use of sympathetic chain reconstruction in the treatment of severe compensated hyperhidrosis after failed sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis. Regenerative medicine, particularly tissue engineering and stem cell technology, offers new therapeutic strategies for sympathetic chain reconstruction. These strategies may improve or resolve compensatory hyperhidrosis by promoting nerve regeneration. However, there are a number of problems with current research, including inconsistency in treatment outcomes, lack of long-term follow-up data, and insufficient in-depth understanding of regenerative medicine techniques. Nonetheless, some progress has been made in experimental and clinical studies. For example, sympathetic nerve regeneration has been demonstrated in animal models, and different methods of reconstruction, including the use of autologous nerve grafts and nerve conduits, have been shown in clinical studies. These studies provide preliminary evidence for the significance of regenerative medicine in sympathetic chain reconstruction. In conclusion, the development of regenerative medicine offers new hope for patients with primary hyperhidrosis, even though current treatments have not yet achieved the desired therapeutic results. With further technological development and research, tissue engineering and stem cell technology are expected to be effective means of treating compensated hyperhidrosis, thus significantly improving the quality of life of patients.
Nanosurgery and bioengineered structural regenerative protocols for the treatment of human knee meniscal tears: a double-blind randomized controlled study of a novel regenerative method
Authors: Wasilczyk Cezary , Wasilczyk Bartosz
Published: December 2024

In recent years, global research has increasingly focused on regenerative treatments for meniscal injuries of the knee joint. However, there is still no consensus on whether regenerative or surgical methods offer better outcomes for patients. This double-blind, randomized clinical study involved 32 patients who were randomized into two groups. The study group (n = 16) received a novel regenerative treatment which was a standardized nanosurgery and bioengineering treatment protocol that included modified platelet-rich plasma using human cell memory intake, while the control group (n = 16) was treated with a non-standardized approach involving platelet-rich plasma and hyaluronic acid injections under ultrasound guidance without a systematized plan for orthobiologic delivery. After treatment, the mean score changes in the Visual Analog Scale, The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, and the Lysholm knee scoring were significantly greater in the study group compared with the control group. These findings suggest that the novel nanosurgery and bioengineering treatment method is repeatable, objective, well-documented, and highly effective in treating meniscal tears. It offers a standardized approach that ensures rapid recovery for patients, presenting a significant advantage over less structured treatments. This study supports the use of structured regenerative protocols in clinical settings for meniscal injuries. Clinical trial registration: ISRCTN15642019
COVID-19 treatment: Nattokinase, a fibrinolytic serine protease is the low-hanging fruit
Authors: Okeahialam Basil Nwaneri
Published: December 2024

COVID-19 infection was first reported in 2019 and was shortly declared a pandemic. Without ample time for targeted research into therapy, various existing drugs were tried with limited success and vaccines speedily emerged. Although with serious consequences in some instances, vaccination brought relief as a public health measure. Before long, breakthrough infections were recorded postvaccination and protection waned with time. With new cases still being recorded, it has become necessary to try more agents with the potential for therapeutic benefits. In viral infections, it is the immune consequences that kill and not the viruses. Therefore in treatment, it is either the body is protected from the infection or the immune consequences. The phase of infection is preclinical and may go unnoticed. Once symptoms appear it is the immune consequences that the body is left to grapple with. That may be why antiviral agents when symptoms appear is too little too late. Victims of COVID-19 infection die from the perturbation of the clotting and fibrinolytic pathways resulting in ineffective oxygenation of the tissues from extensive microthrombi. Therefore, anything that would lyse the microthrombi and allow tissue perfusion should hold the aces. This is where Nattokinase, a fibrinolytic serine protease comes in. It counters Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 which levels mirror disease severity and gives tissue plasminogen activator freedom to lyse the fibrin that clogs the vasculature. This is at the center of the disease pathophysiology and saves the infected individual.
From casinos to clicks: The evolution of gambling in the digital age
Authors: Saran Brijesh
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

The emergence of the Internet has revolutionized gaming into a multibillion-dollar global enterprise, referred to as online gambling or iGaming. This article examines the historical context and technology innovations that have driven this growth, with particular emphasis on the psychological variables and design components that may contribute to obsessive behaviors.

Objective:

The principal objective of this study is to examine the influence of technical design on user behavior in online gambling, determining how these characteristics may encourage excessive usage and addiction. It aims to comprehend the wider ramifications of online gambling on society.

Methods:

The essay analyzes the current literature on Internet gambling, focusing on different modalities such as sports betting, online casinos, and poker. It classifies the design attributes of online platforms and evaluates their impact on user engagement and control.

Results:

Research demonstrates that technology innovations, such as mobile gaming and blockchain, have markedly improved user experience and accessibility. Nonetheless, these characteristics may also lead to addiction, as more than 60% of individuals with gambling problems suffer from concomitant psychiatric conditions.

Conclusion:

The Internet gaming sector persists in its evolution, offering both prospects and obstacles. Although it yields significant economic advantages, the risk of addiction requires an emphasis on ethical gaming practices and regulatory frameworks to safeguard consumers and encourage better engagements with technology.
Emerging medications in psychiatry: Transforming the treatment landscape for depression and psychosis in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Saran Brijesh , Bhagat Tripta S. , Bhagat Rohit
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

The article reviews recent advancements in psychiatric medications for schizophrenia and depression, highlighting esketamine, and pimavanserin. It discusses their development, mechanisms, clinical efficacy, safety profiles, and future research directions, emphasizing their transformative potential and new hope for patients.

Objective:

The objective of this article is to review recent advancements in psychiatric medications for schizophrenia and depression, focusing on the development, pharmacological properties, clinical efficacy, safety profiles, and future directions of emerging drugs, highlighting their potential to transform treatment and improve patient outcomes.

Methods:

The article reviews emerging psychiatric medications, detailing their pharmacological properties, clinical efficacy, and safety profiles. It includes esketamine for treatment-resistant depression and pimavaenserin for psychosis symptoms in Parkinson’s diseases. Each drug’s mechanism of action, clinical trial results, and potential future research directions are discussed.

Results:

The article highlights the efficacy and safety of emerging psychiatric medications, including esketamine for treatment-resistant depression and pimavaenserin for psychosis symptoms in Parkinson’s diseases. Clinical trials demonstrate significant symptom reduction and improved patient outcomes, with ongoing research exploring further applications and optimization of these treatments.

Conclusion:

Emerging psychiatric medications such as esketamine and pimavenserin offer significant advancements in treating conditions such as treatment-resistant depression, postpartum depression, and schizophrenia. These drugs provide rapid and sustained symptom relief, with ongoing research aimed at optimizing their use and exploring new therapeutic applications.
From symptoms to solutions: Addressing major depressive episodes in a multiple sclerosis patient
Authors: Saran Brijesh , Bhagat Tripta S. , Bhagat Rohit
Published: December 2024

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes demyelination in the central nervous system, leading to significant physical and cognitive impairments. Depression is a common comorbidity in MS patients, further complicating their treatment and negatively affecting their quality of life. This study aimed to examine the impact of comorbid depression on medication adherence and clinical outcomes in MS patients, emphasizing the need for integrated psychiatric care. A detailed evaluation was conducted on an MS patient presenting symptoms of depression. This included a full psychiatric assessment, laboratory tests to rule out other medical conditions, and neuroimaging to confirm the MS diagnosis. The patient showed severe symptoms of depression, including psychomotor retardation, weight loss, and sleep disturbances. After starting treatment with escitalopram, the patient showed significant improvement in depressive symptoms within one month, highlighting the effectiveness of tailored psychiatric interventions in managing depression in MS patients.
Knowledge of vertical bracket positioning in orthodontics: A survey among orthodontists in India
Authors: Garje Komal Bibhishan , Ahluwalia Rajiv , Chugh Tina , Rajput Shambhavi
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Orthodontic treatment has increasingly focused on enhancing facial esthetics, combined with smile design playing a crucial role in patient satisfaction. The smile arc, a natural curvature of the upper incisors relative to the lower lip during a smile, is central to creating facial harmony.

Aim:

This study examines orthodontists’ awareness and utilization of various vertical bracket positioning techniques, including smile arc protection (SAP) and the Systematic Anterior and Mesiodistal Reference Approach (SAMRA) combined approach, to maintain smile esthetics during treatment.

Methodology:

A total of 89 orthodontists participated in this study, comprising 50 males and 39 females. A semi-structured questionnaire was distributed via Google Forms to assess their knowledge, practices, and opinions on bracket positioning. Key areas included bracket positioning techniques, use of diagnostic tools, and familiarity with techniques middle facial axis point, MBT, SAP, and SAMRA.

Results:

The survey revealed that while 75% of orthodontists were aware of SAP, only a small proportion (4.6%) used it consistently, with 41% using it rarely. Similarly, 52.6% of orthodontists were aware of the SAMRA approach, but only a few of orthodontists employed it regularly. Most orthodontists (44.6%) used a single bracket positioning technique across all cases, while 51.8% of orthodontists relied on visual examination rather than diagnostic tools like orthopantomograms (OPGs). MBT was the most popular technique, favored by 69.9% of respondents.

Conclusion:

While some orthodontists are aware of newer techniques, not many actively practice them. This highlights the need for greater awareness and education to help practitioners confidently adopt these advanced methods.
Notebook and Open science : toward more FAIR play
Authors: Le Béchec Mariannig , Gruson-Daniel Célya , Lascombes Clémence , Schultz Émilien
Published: December 2024

Notebooks are now commonly used in digital research practices. Despite their increasing ubiquity, the characteristics, roles, and uses associated with notebooks have seldom been studied from a social science perspective. In this article, we present an overview of the available empirical work on notebooks in order to describe existing practices, typologies crafted to grasp their diversity, and their limitations when used in data analysis workflows. Following this review, which highlights a focus of studies on interactive computational notebooks specifically within data science rather than research practices in academic contexts, we discuss the role of notebooks as a vector and lever for the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles associated with open science.
Pola Coaching terhadap Generasi Z berdasarkan Matius 17:5
Authors: Irawaty Felicia , Wicaksono Arif
Published: December 2024

Generasi Z merupakan kelompok demografis yang memiliki karakteristik unik dan kebutuhan khusus dalam pengembangan diri dan karier. Pendekatan coaching yang efektif untuk generasi ini perlu mempertimbangkan aspek spiritual dan nilai-nilai yang relevan. Studi ini mengkaji pola coaching terhadap Generasi Z berdasarkan Matius 17:5, yang menyoroti pentingnya kasih, kepercayaan, dan keberanian dalam proses pengembangan individu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dan analisis teologis terhadap ayat tersebut. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa memastikan kasih yang cukup, membangun kepercayaan dan hubungan mendalam, serta keberanian untuk mendelegasikan dan mempromosikan merupakan strategi efektif dalam coaching Generasi Z. Implikasi praktis dari studi ini dapat diterapkan dalam berbagai konteks, termasuk pendidikan, bisnis, dan pelayanan gereja.
PENGARUH DISIPLIN, MOTIVASI DAN KUALITAS TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DINAS PERINDUSTRIAN PERDAGANGAN ENERGI DAN SUMBER DAYA MINERAL PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Maysarah Siti , Sari Tika Nirmala
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja, Motivasi Kerja Dan Kualitas Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Dinas Perindustrian Perdagangan Energi Dan Sumber Daya Mineral Provinsi Sumatera Utara.  Metode penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan assosiatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode slovin dengan jumlah sample sebanyak 60 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi dan kuesioner. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian secara parsial bahwa variabel disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai, motivasi kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai dan kualitas kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai Pada Dinas Perindustrian Perdagangan Energi Dan Sumber Daya Mineral Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Dan secara simultan menunjukan bahwa variabel disiplin kerja, motivasi kerja dan kualitas kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai.Kata Kunci: Disiplin Kerja, Motivasi Kerja, Kualitas Kerja dan Kinerja Pegawai