bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Soft Robotics Based on the Concept of Category of Mobility
Authors: Saigo Hayato , Naruse Makoto , Okamura Kazuya , Hori Hirokazu , Ojima Izumi
Published: March 2019

Soft robotics is an emerging field of research where the robot body is composed of flexible and soft materials. It allows the body to bend, twist, and deform to move or to adapt its shape to the environment for grasping, all of which are difficult for traditional hard robots with rigid bodies. However, the theoretical basis and design principles for soft robotics are not well‐founded despite their recognized importance. For example, the control of soft robots is outsourced to morphological attributes and natural processes; thus, the coupled relations between a robot and its environment are particularly crucial. In this paper, we propose a mathematical foundation for soft robotics based on category theory, a branch of abstract mathematics where any notions can be described by objects and arrows. It allows for a rigorous description of the inherent characteristics of soft robots and their relation to the environment as well as the differences compared to conventional hard robots. We present a notion called the category of mobility to well describe the subject matter. The theory has been applied to a model system and analysis to highlight the adaptation behavior observed in universal grippers, which are a typical example of soft robotics. The aim of the present study is not to offer concrete engineering solutions to existing robotics but to provide clear mathematical description of soft robots by category theory and to imply its potential abilities by a simple soft gripper demonstration. This paper paves the way to developing a theoretical background and design principles for soft robotics.
The Determination of Sample Size for Sensitive Issue Successive Survey with the Multiplication RRT Model under Two‐Stage and Stratified Two‐Stage Random Sampling and Its Application in Medical Survey
Authors: Yu Bo , Liang Xiaonan , Wang Ying , Liu Yun , Chang Qiao , Wang Linlin , Zhao Tingting
Published: March 2019

When designing the sample scheme, it is important to determine the sample size. The survey accuracy and cost of survey and sampling method should be considered comprehensively. In this article, we discuss the method of determining the sample size of complex successive sampling with rotation sample for sensitive issue and deduce the formulas for the optimal sample size under two‐stage sampling and stratified two‐stage sampling by using Cauchy‐Schwartz inequality, respectively, so as to minimize the cost for given sampling errors and to minimize the sampling errors for given cost.
Detecting Fraudulent Bank Account Based on Convolutional Neural Network with Heterogeneous Data
Authors: Lv Fang , Wang Wei , Wei Yuliang , Sun Yunxiao , Huang Junheng , Wang Bailing
Published: March 2019

Detecting fraudulent accounts by using their transaction networks is helpful for proactively preventing illegal transactions in financial scenarios. In this paper, three convolutional neural network models, i.e., NTD‐CNN, TTD‐CNN, and HDF‐CNN, are created to identify whether a bank account is fraudulent. The three models, same in model structure, are different in types of the input features. Firstly, we embed the bank accounts’ historical trading records into a general directed and weighted transaction network. And then, a DirectedWalk algorithm is proposed for learning an account’s network vector. DirectedWalk learns social representations of a network’s vertices, by modeling a stream of directed and time‐related trading paths. The local topological feature, generating by accounts’ network vector, is taken as input of NTD‐CNN, and TTD‐CNN takes time series transaction feature as input. Finally, the two kinds of heterogeneous data, being integrated into a novel feature matrix, are fed into HDF‐CNN for classifying bank accounts. The experimental results, conducted on a real bank transaction dataset, show the advantage of HDF‐CNN over the existing methods.
Dynamic Response Law of Loess Slope with Different Shapes
Authors: Yan Zhixin , Zhang Sen , Zhang Xuedong , Jiang Ping
Published: March 2019

Loess slope broadly distributes in Northwest China, making the slope of the area developed. And with the development number of construction projects still on the rise, this area is a high-intensity region with multiple earthquakes, resulting in landslide under earthquakes which is a very serious problem. However, the study on the loess slope dynamic response yet rarely involved the exploration of the influence of slope shapes, which leaves a hidden danger to the safety of local engineering. In this paper, a typical ladder-type loess slope in engineering is selected as a research object, and a numerical simulation model is established with FLAC3D program. The dynamic response of the loess slope with different shapes is studied deeply and systematically. Found a series phenomenon of earthquake response of loess slope with stepped slope series, the width of the platform and the slope ratio change under earthquakes. Meanwhile, the law of slope parameters such as slope series, platform width, and slope ratio on dynamic response of loess slope is revealed. The results provide theoretical support and scientific basis for the construction of the relevant projects in the area, which has important reference value to the safety of the engineering and the development of economic society.
Optimization of Low-Carbon Footprint Quaternary and Quinary (37% Fly Ash) Cementitious Nanocomposites with Polycarboxylate or Aqueous Nanosilica Particles
Authors: Papatzani Styliani , Paine Kevin
Published: March 2019

The dispersion medium of nano-SiO2 (nS) particles can have a significant effect on the properties of nanoparticles themselves and consequently on the cement binders it will be added to. In this paper, nS particles dispersed in (a) polycarboxylate or (b) water were added to a low-carbon footprint reference binder containing 43% Portland cement (PC), 20% limestone powder (LS), and 37% fly ash (FA) by mass of binder. Eight quaternary binders containing nS, PC, LS, and FA and eight quinary binders comprising nS, PC, LS, FA, and silica fume (μS) were investigated. nS was added at 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, or 1.0% by mass of binder as a replacement of LS for the quaternary binders and at 0.5% or 1.0% for the quinary binders. The nanoparticles were examined via transmission and X-ray scanning electron microscopy (TEM/SEM/EDX). For the pastes, compressive strength tests and thermal gravimetric analyses (TGAs) were performed at days 1, 7, 28, and 56, all testified to additional pozzolanic activity and additional C–S–H production. X-ray diffraction analyses and backscattered scanning electron imaging carried out on specific formulations also confirmed this finding at days 1, 28, and 56. Notwithstanding the additional pozzolanic reactivity, nS particles could not mitigate the delayed hydration of the reference paste in the early ages. In such complex formulations, the hydration products seem to create a wrapping around the FA particles delaying their activation at early ages. At later ages, the 0.5% nS addition provided strength, microstructural, and hydration improvements. The polycarboxylate/nS particles provided more pronounced strength improvements at 0.5% addition, possibly due to their superplasticizing effect. Lastly, a tabulated literature review on the thermal decomposition ranges of the hydration products of cementitious nanocomposites is also presented.
A Technical Review of Convolutional Neural Network-Based Mammographic Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Zou Lian , Yu Shaode , Meng Tiebao , Zhang Zhicheng , Liang Xiaokun , Xie Yaoqin
Published: March 2019

This study reviews the technique of convolutional neural network (CNN) applied in a specific field of mammographic breast cancer diagnosis (MBCD). It aims to provide several clues on how to use CNN for related tasks. MBCD is a long-standing problem, and massive computer-aided diagnosis models have been proposed. The models of CNN-based MBCD can be broadly categorized into three groups. One is to design shallow or to modify existing models to decrease the time cost as well as the number of instances for training; another is to make the best use of a pretrained CNN by transfer learning and fine-tuning; the third is to take advantage of CNN models for feature extraction, and the differentiation of malignant lesions from benign ones is fulfilled by using machine learning classifiers. This study enrolls peer-reviewed journal publications and presents technical details and pros and cons of each model. Furthermore, the findings, challenges and limitations are summarized and some clues on the future work are also given. Conclusively, CNN-based MBCD is at its early stage, and there is still a long way ahead in achieving the ultimate goal of using deep learning tools to facilitate clinical practice. This review benefits scientific researchers, industrial engineers, and those who are devoted to intelligent cancer diagnosis.
Ultrasound Microvascular Blood Flow Evaluation: A New Tool for the Management of Thyroid Nodule?
Authors: Cappelli Carlo , Pirola Ilenia , Gandossi Elena , Marini Fiorella , Cristiano Alessandra , Casella Claudio , Lombardi Davide , Agosti Barbara , Ferlin Alberto , Castellano Maurizio
Published: March 2019

Background. Toshiba Medical System has developed a new Doppler technique [Superb Microvascular Imaging (SMI)] that has improved microvascular flow imaging. SMI depicts perinodular and intranodular thyroid microvascular flow in higher detail compared to standard colour Doppler (CD) and power Doppler (PD) imaging. Objective. Assess the nodular microvascular architecture by SMI compared to CD and PD features in a series of thyroid nodules submitted to fine needle aspiration cytology, in order to evaluate the potential of SMI in detecting thyroid cancer. Materials and Methods. From April 2016 to July 2017, 254 patients with thyroid nodules, evaluated as at high risk for malignancy in agreement with AACE/ACE/AME guidelines, were submitted to cytology. All nodules were previously submitted to ultrasound grayscale, CD, PD, and SMI evaluation. Benign and malignant nodules were stratified in accordance to the number of vessels visualised by SMI: score 1 with a maximum of two blood vessels and score 2 with three or more vessels. Results. Score 1 was found in 59.6% of benign nodules and in 17.9% of malignant nodules, whereas score 2 was found in 40.4% and in 82.1%, respectively (sensitivity 81.7%; specificity 60.5%, p<0.001). Variables significantly associated with malignancy in the univariate analysis were gender (OR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.08-0.37; p<0.001), vascularity (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.65-3.89; p<0.001), and SMI (OR, 6.72; 95% CI, 3.89-11.59; p<0.001); multivariate logistic model confirmed SMI score 2 as an independent risk factor for malignancy (OR, 6.99; 95% CI, 3.46-12.09; p<0.001). Conclusions. This prospective pilot study showed that SMI can depict intranodular flow in higher detail compared to CDI and PDI, thus improving thyroid cancer detection.
New Textile Composite Solutions for Armouring of Vehicles
Authors: Boussu F. , Provost B. , Lefebvre M. , Coutellier D.
Published: March 2019

In today’s scenario, numerous studies have shown a great interest on 3D woven structures like 3D warp interlock fabric as a fibre reinforcement for composite material to provide a better impact than 2D laminated fabrics with unlinked structures in the thickness. The impact energy absorption capacity depends on different and independent parameters, including the shape and speed of the projectile, the type of fibrous structure (geometry), the type and nature of the threads (raw material, linear density, and twisting value), and the type of impregnation of the composite material. As part of our research work on hard impact protection solutions, the interest of textile composite structures, in particular those integrating 3D warp interlock fabrics, has been revealed. Based on the result, protection solutions with such fabric structure revealed larger dynamic deformation capacity for absorbing the impact energy as compared with not only a ceramic material facing a 12.7 mm ammunition (mass 43 g) at 610 m/s but also those solutions made with metallic materials facing a FSP (diameter 20 mm, mass 54 g) at 630 m/s and 1600 m/s. For each of these different threats, a specific type of composite material has to be used. These composite material solutions are mainly defined to respond to the appropriate mode of impact behaviour.
Association between Combined Structure Function Index and Glaucoma Severity
Authors: Ogawa Shumpei , Tanabe Yoshimasa , Itoh Yoshinori , Noro Takahiko , Gunji Hisato , Nakano Tadashi
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between combined structure function index (CSFI) and standard automated perimetry (SAP) parameters such as mean deviation (MD) and visual field index (VFI) in open-angle glaucoma (OAG). We retrospectively reviewed medical records from September 2009 to July 2015, which included 195 eyes of 195 patients with OAG or normal-tension glaucoma who underwent SAP and optical coherence tomography on the same day (male: female, 128 : 67; mean age, 61.4 ± 11.3 years; mean spherical equivalent, −2.39 ± 2.3 D). We divided participants into three stages based on MD value: early, MD > −6 dB; middle, −6 dB ≥ MD ≥ −12 dB; and advanced, MD < 12 dB. We then evaluated correlations between CSFI and SAP parameters in each stage using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Mean CSFI (%), mean MD (dB), and VFI (%) in each stage were early (22.4, −2.13, and 94.0); middle (47.9, −8.78, and 75.4); and advanced (68.3, −17.32, and 49.0), respectively. Correlations between CSFI and whole, early, middle, and advanced MD were −0.88 (p<0.001), −0.68, −0.24, and −0.76, respectively. Correlations between CSFI and whole, early, middle, and advanced VFI were −0.86 (p<0.001), −0.59, −0.20, and −0.83, respectively. Consistency between CSFI and SAP indices in middle-stage glaucoma was low.
Aurora A Inhibition Eliminates Myeloid Cell–Mediated Immunosuppression and Enhances the Efficacy of Anti–PD-L1 Therapy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Yin Tingting , Zhao Zhi-Bin , Guo Jing , Wang Tianchen , Yang Jing-Bo , Wang Chao , Long Jie , Ma Shisong , Huang Qiang , Zhang Kaiguang , Ma Xiaopeng , Liu Chenhai , Liu Suling , Lian Zhe-Xiong , Yang Zhenye
Published: March 2019

The Aurora A inhibitor alisertib shows encouraging activities in clinical trials against advanced breast cancer. However, it remains unclear whether and how the inflammatory microenvironment is involved in its efficacy. Here, we demonstrated that inhibition of Aurora A directly reshaped the immune microenvironment through removal of tumor-promoting myeloid cells and enrichment of anticancer T lymphocytes, which established a tumor-suppressive microenvironment and significantly contributed to the regression of murine mammary tumors. Mechanistically, alisertib treatment triggered apoptosis in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and macrophages, resulting in their elimination from tumors. Furthermore, alisertib treatment disrupted the immunosuppressive functions of MDSC by inhibiting Stat3-mediated ROS production. These alterations led to significant increases of active CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes, which efficiently inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells. Intriguingly, alisertib combined with PD-L1 blockade showed synergistic efficacy in the treatment of mammary tumors. These results detail the effects of Aurora A inhibition on the immune microenvironment and provide a novel chemo-immunotherapy strategy for advanced breast cancers.

Significance:

These findings show that inhibition of Aurora A facilitates an anticancer immune microenvironment, which can suppress tumor progression and enhance anti–PD-L1 therapy in breast cancer.

See related commentary by Rivoltini et al., p. 3169
Physical Activity and Colorectal Cancer Risk by Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and Subsite: The Multiethnic Cohort Study
Authors: Park Song-Yi , Wilkens Lynne R. , Haiman Christopher A. , Le Marchand Loïc
Published: March 2019

Physical activity has been associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer. However, data is lacking on whether the association is consistent between sexes and across different races/ethnicities and anatomic subsites of tumors. We analyzed data from the Multiethnic Cohort in Hawaii and California, consisting of mostly African Americans, Native Hawaiians, Japanese Americans, Latinos, and whites ages 45–75 years at recruitment. During a mean follow-up of 16.8 years, 4,430 invasive adenocarcinoma cases of the colorectum were identified among 172,502 eligible participants. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the HR and 95% confidence interval (CI). The multivariate-adjusted HR (95% CI) for the highest versus lowest quintiles of physical activity (metabolic equivalent hours of moderate or vigorous activities per day) was 0.76 (0.66–0.87) in men (Ptrend < 0.001) and 0.94 (0.80–1.11) in women (Ptrend = 0.53, Pheterogeneity by sex = 0.07). Sleeping and sitting hours were not associated with colorectal cancer risk both in men and women. In men, the inverse association was statistically significant among African Americans and Japanese Americans, for right colon and rectal cancer, and in all body mass index groups, although heterogeneity tests were not significant across race/ethnicity or anatomic subsite of tumors. The findings confirm the inverse association between physical activity and colorectal cancer, which appears to be stronger in men, and suggest possible differences in the strength of the association by race/ethnicity and anatomic subsite of tumors.
Risk Stratification and Early Conservative Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Żorniak Michał , Beyer Georg , Mayerle Julia
Published: March 2019

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a potentially life-threatening common gastrointestinal disorder with increasing incidence around the globe. Although the majority of cases will take an uneventful, mild course, a fraction of patients is at risk of moderately severe or severe pancreatitis which is burdened with substantial morbidity and mortality. Early identification of patients at risk of a severe disease course and an adopted treatment strategy are crucial to avoid adverse outcomes. Summary: In this review we summarize the most recent concepts of severity grading in patients diagnosed with AP by adopting recommendations of current guidelines and discussing them in the context of the available literature. The severity of AP depends on the presence of local and/or systemic complications and organ failure. To predict the severity early in the disease course, host-specific factors (age, comorbidities, body mass index), clinical risk factors (biochemical and physiological parameters and scoring systems), as well as the response to initial therapy need to be considered and revisited in the short term. Depending on the individual risk and comorbidity the initial treatment can be guided, which will be discussed in the second part of this review. Key Message: Predicting the severity of AP and adapting the individual treatment strategy requires multidimensional risk assessment and close observation during the early phase of AP development.
Noninvasive Determination of Epidermal and Stratum Corneum Thickness in vivo Using Two-Photon Microscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography: Impact of Body Area, Age, and Gender
Authors: Czekalla Carolin , Schönborn Karl Heinz , Lademann Jürgen , Meinke Martina C.
Published: March 2019

Background: High-resolution images of the epidermis are important to understand the transdermal penetration and changes in epidermal components. Both ex vivo and in vivo technologies are available to picture the epidermal thickness (ET). So far, the illustration of the stratum corneum (SC) has not been possible without artifacts. Objective: Precision in vivo measurement of the ET and SC, duly considering the impact of location on the body, age, and gender. Methods: In this pilot study on 20 skin-healthy subjects aged 18–66 years, the ET was imaged by two-photon microscopy (2PM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), and the SC by using 2PM at five different body sites. Results: On solar-exposed body areas, both the epidermis and SC are thicker compared to solar-protected areas (p < 0.05), the epidermis at the gluteal region being the thickest (p < 0.05). The ET decreases with age (p < 0.05). Males show a thicker epidermis than females (p < 0.05). Conclusion: 2PM provides a noninvasive method for imaging the epidermis and especially the SC in vivo and is optimally suited for the application of histological criteria.
Risk of Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with the Superficial Spreading Type of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yachida Tatsuo , Oda Ichiro , Abe Seiichiro , Sekiguchi Masau , Nonaka Satoru , Suzuki Haruhisa , Yoshinaga Shigetaka , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Sekine Shigeki , Masugata Hisashi , Masaki Tsutomu , Daiko Hiroyuki , Saito Yutaka
Published: March 2019

Background: Little is known about the clinicopathological characteristics of superficial spreading-type esophageal carcinoma extending ≥5 cm along the long axis of the esophagus. This study was aimed at investigating the frequency of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with superficial spreading-type esophageal carcinoma. Methods: We reviewed the data of 320 patients with superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who had undergone esophagectomy with lymph node dissection at our hospital between 1986 and 2010. The incidence of LNM was compared between the spreading (≥5 cm) and nonspreading (< 5 cm) types. Results: The multivariate analysis revealed significant differences in the likelihood of LNM depending on the lymphovascular invasion, the infiltrative growth pattern (INF)-c, and the depth. There was no difference in the LNM frequency between nonspreading and spreading type in the patients with epithelium (EP)-lamina propria, muscularis mucosa (MM)-submucosa (SM)1 and SM2/3 lesions. The frequencies of LNMs (nonspreading-type vs. spreading-type tumors) in the patients with MM-SM1 lesions were 7/47 (14.9%) versus 4/25 (16%) and those in the patients with SM2/3 lesions were 22/58 (37.9%) versus 4/14 (28.9%), when the lesions did not have lymphovascular invasion and INF-c. Conclusions: Endoscopic resection can be selected for ­EP-SM1 lesions, regardless of whether the lesions are of the spreading type or nonspreading type.
Якість життя пацієнтів після реконструктивно-відновних операцій, виконаних із приводу непухлинних захворювань товстої кишки
Authors: Qadir A. A.
Published: March 2019

Мета роботи: показати можливості сучасних реконструктивно-відновних операцій в забезпеченні якості життя хворих, оперованих із приводу тяжких непухлинних захворювань товстої кишки при нетипових анатомічних взаємовідношеннях відрізка тонкої кишки і хірургічного анального каналу, а також при функціональних порушеннях тонкої кишки.

Матеріали і методи. Якість життя досліджували у 103 пацієнтів за допомогою неспецифічного опитувальника Study–Short Form – MOS – SF 36. Пацієнтів розділили на дві групи: контрольну – 35 здорових осіб і досліджувану – 68 пацієнтів, оперованих із приводу тяжких непухлинних захворювань товстої кишки: виразкового коліту, сімейного аденоматозного поліпозу, хвороби Крона товстої кишки. Пацієнтів досліджуваної групи були, в свою чергу, поділили на підгрупи А, яким виконували стандартні радикальні і реконструктивно-відновлювальні операції, і підгрупу Б; у яких вимушено збільшували обсяг радикального етапу операції і застосовували вдосконалені реконструктивно-відновлювальні хірургічні втручання.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Післяопераційні ускладнення виникли у 12 (17,6 %) оперованих пацієнтів. Отримані результати порівняння якості життя здорових осіб і пацієнтів із непухлинними захворюваннями товстої кишки в період до виконання хірургічних втручань, у пацієнтів до і після виконання зазначених операцій, в оперованих пацієнтів залежно від особливостей виконання радикального і реконструктивно-відновного етапів хірургічних операцій свідчать про велике значення методів хірургічного лікування в забезпеченні достатнього рівня якості життя в оперованих пацієнтів із приводу непухлинних захворювань товстої кишки, який за результатами бальної оцінки опитувальника SF 36 значною мірою наближається до показників якості життя здорових осіб.

Високий рівень якості життя в оперованих пацієнтів із приводу тяжких непухлинних захворювань товстої кишки досягнуто шляхом вдосконалення радикальних і реконструктивно-відновних операцій, які сприяли значному зменшенню кількості післяопераційних ускладнень, ступеня ризику виникнення рецидиву захворювання, покращення основних функцій кишкового каналу: травлення, всмоктування, анального тримання, випорожнення і, як наслідок, ступеня вираження патологічних діарейного і постколектомічного синдромів.
Вплив експериментальної краніоскелетної травми на активність процесів ліпідної пероксидації в легенях щурів різного віку
Authors: Sushko Yu. I. , Hudyma A. A.
Published: March 2019

Мета роботи: встановити вміст ТБК-активних продуктів ПОЛ у легенях у динаміці ранніх проявів краніоскелетної травми в особин різних вікових груп. 

Матеріали і методи. Експерименти проведено на нелінійних білих щурах-самцях трьох вікових груп (100–120 днів, 6–8 міс. і 19–23 міс.). У дослідних групах під тіопентал-натрієвим знеболенням моделювали краніоскелетну травму, еквівалентну для тварин різних вікових груп. Контрольну групу склади 7 тварин кожної вікової групи, яких тільки вводили в тіопентал-натрієвий наркоз. Через 1, 3 і 7 діб після нанесення травми у легенях піддослідних тварин оцінювали активність процесів ліпідної пероксидації за вмістом реагентів до тіобарбітурової кислоти (ТБК-активних продуктів).

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Дослідження показали, що у контрольних тварин різних вікових груп статистично значущих відмінностей за вмістом воринних продуктів ліпідної пероксидації не спостерігали. Після нанесення краніоскелетної травми в гострий період і ранніх проявів травматичної хвороби вміст ТБК-активних продуктів із збільшенням віку зростав, що вказує на більше вторинне ураження легень у тварин старших вікових груп і свідчить про вікове зниження в легенях антиоксидантного резерву. Вікове посилення процесів ліпопероксидації в легенях у відповідь на краніоскелетну травму є вагомим фактором патогенезу їх вторинного ураження в умовах гострого періоду та періоду ранніх проявів травматичної хвороби, що слід враховувати при розробці патогенетично обґрунтованих методів корекції.
Тактика хірургічного лікування хворих із перфораціями стравоходу ускладненими гострим гнійним медіастинітом
Authors: Snizhko S. S.
Published: March 2019

Мета роботи: покращити лікування хворих із перфорацією стравоходу ускладненою гострим гнійним медіастинітом.

Матеріали і методи. Впродовж 2004–2018 рр. у відділенні торакальної хірургії Івано-Франківської обласної клінічної лікарні обстежено і проліковано  30 хворих із перфораціями стравоходу (ПС) та гострим гнійним медіастинітом (ГГМ).

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Хірургічні доступи при ПС та ГГМ повинні передбачати хорошу візуалізацію всіх уражених ділянок середостіння з проведенням широких медіастинотомій. Для покращення результатів лікування запропоновано хірургічну тактику лікування ПС та ГГМ, яка передбачає інтрамедіастинальне введення антибактеріальних препаратів (ІМВА) та метод орошення швів стравоходу (МОШС) із постійною санацією навколишньої клітковини середостіння. Хірургічна тактика при ПС повинна передбачати ушивання перфоративного отвору стравоходу при відсутності розплавлення стінки стравоходу із налагодженням МОШС, що забезпечує попередження ре-інфікування клітковини середостіння, закриття або зменшення просвіту перфоративного отвору та постійну санацію швів стравоходу та наколишньої клітковини середостіння. Вибір хірургічної тактики повинен буди індивідуальний в кожному окремому випадку. Основною метою хірургічного лікування є ліквідація гнійно-запального процесу в середостінні та стабілізація стану хворих. При перфорації стравоходу, ускладненій гострим гнійним медіастинітом, розширені операції на стравоході супроводжуються високими показниками післяопераційної летальності, що обмежує їх використання у хворих із сепсисом та поліорганною недостатністю. Малоінвазивні операційні втручання за допомогою відеоасистованої торакоскопії можуть слугувати операціями вибору у хворих із перфорацією стравоходу при поширених формах гострого гнійного медіастиніту для санації і дренування гнійно-запального процесу у середостінні, стабілізації стану хворих та попередження розвитку септичних ускладнень. Застосування ІМВА та МОШС  дозволяє покращити результати лікування, знизити ендогенну інтоксикацію, покращити загоєння перфорації стравоходу, ліквідувати гнійний процес у середостінні.
Лапароскопічна холедохолітотомія в лікуванні хворих на гострий панкреатит з жовчною гіпертензією
Authors: Susak Ya. M. , Tsimbalyuk R. S. , Maksymenko M. V. , Tіulіukin I. O. , Hodzinsky O. V.
Published: March 2019

Мета роботи: поліпшити результати лікування хворих на гострий біліарний панкреатит (ГБП) із жовчною гіпертензією  (ЖГ) шляхом застосування лапароскопічної холедохолітотомії.

Матеріали і методи. У дослідження залучено 50 пацієнтів (6 чоловіків та 44 жінки, середній вік – 58,4 року) з ГБП та ЖГ середнього ступеня тяжкості, спричиненою холедохолітіазом. В усіх пацієнтів біліарне походження панкреатиту діагностовано згідно із критеріями, запропонованими Нідерландською дослідницькою групою з вивчення панкреатиту. Госпіталізація хворих у лікарню відбувалася в строки від 2 до 48 год від початку захворювання. Більшість пацієнтів (60 %) госпіталізовано не пізніше 24 год від початку захворювання. Супутні захворювання виявлено у 36 (72 %) пацієнтів: ішемічну хворобу серця – у 28 (56 %), гіпертонічну хворобу різного ступеня тяжкості – в 27 (54 %), хронічний гепатит – у 15 (30 %), підвищення індексу маси тіла, яке відповідало ожирінню, – в одного (2 %), цукровий діабет – у 2 (4 %), анемію – в одного (2 %). Застосовано персоналізований алгоритм хірургічного лікування, який дав змогу обрати метод усунення біліарної гіпертензії в перші 12–72 год після виникнення больового нападу.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. В перші 12–72 год захворювання виконали: ФЕГДС з ЕПСТ (n=33),  лапароскопічну холецистектомію, холедохоскопію та літоекстракцію із зовнішнім дренуванням позапечінкових жовчних проток (n=13), перкутанну крізьпечінкову пункцію жовчних шляхів (n=7). Лапароскопічну літоекстракцію виконали в 26 % хворих, що дало змогу одномоментно ліквідувати причину ЖГ та виконати холецистектомію. Летальність становила 2 % (один хворий). Середній термін перебування в стаціонарі – 12,46 доби.
Сімейна кістозна гіпоплазія легень: клінічне спостереження
Authors: Bodnar L. P. , Bodnar Ya. Ya. , Orel Yu. M. , Bodnar P. Ya.
Published: March 2019

У публікації описано випадок кістозної гіпоплазії легень у рідних братів. Специфічність спостереження полягає в тому, що всі члени родини тривало хворіють на хронічні обструктивні захворювання легень, кістозну гіпоплазію виявили в рідних братів у зрілому віці випадково при рентгенологічному обстеженні та комп’ютерній томографії в період загострення хвороби. Описаний випадок опосередковано свідчить про можливу роль спадковості у розвитку кістозної гіпоплазії легень та загострює увагу сімейних лікарів на доцільності ретельного обстеження, включно із комп’ютерною томографією, всіх членів родини при наявності в сім’ї хронічних захворювань легень.
Sustentabilidade na USP
Authors: Fernandez Fernanda da Rocha Brando
Published: March 2019

As universidades, em sua função primária de construção do conhecimento, devem fortalecer seu papel de intermediárias entre governo local e sociedade, promovendo fóruns de discussão e, principalmente, como importante agente frente a essas mudanças. Assim, é necessária a elaboração de um plano que oriente a organização de seu trabalho para atingir a sustentabilidade. Há mais de 30 anos a Universidade de São Paulo (USP) iniciou suas ações de sustentabilidade e de redução de impactos ambientais. Apesar de as ações ambientais na USP serem reconhecidas institucionalmente desde a década de 1990, foi com a criação da Superintendência de Gestão Ambiental (SGA) que muitas dessas ações relacionadas à sustentabilidade foram oficializadas e tornaram-se parte integrante de programas oficiais para todos os câmpus. Com os desdobramentos da Política Ambiental da USP e dos Projetos Pilotos, bem como de outras iniciativas da SGA, como a inserção da USP no cenário internacional, espera-se que a Universidade seja um exemplo de práticas sustentáveis para a sociedade.
Brachial and Radial Systolic Blood Pressure Are Not the Same
Authors: Armstrong Matthew K. , Schultz Martin G. , Picone Dean S. , Black J. Andrew , Dwyer Nathan , Roberts-Thomson Philip , Sharman James E.
Published: March 2019

Radial intra-arterial blood pressure (BP) is sometimes used as the reference standard for validation of brachial cuff BP devices. Moreover, there is an emerging wearables market seeking to measure BP at the wrist. However, radial systolic BP may differ when compared with brachial; yet some authors have labeled these differences as a fictional Popeye phenomenon. Indeed, differences between brachial and radial systolic BP have never been accurately quantified, and this was the aim of this study. Intra-arterial BP was measured consecutively at the brachial and radial artery in 180 participants undergoing coronary angiography (aged 61±10 years; 69% men). On average, radial systolic BP was 5.5 mm Hg higher than brachial systolic BP. Only 43% of participants had radial systolic BP within ±5 mm Hg of brachial. Additionally, 46%, 19%, and 13% of participants had radial systolic BP >5, between 5 and 10, and between 10 and 15 mm Hg higher than brachial respectively. A further 14% of participants had radial systolic BP >15 mm Hg higher than brachial, representing the so-called Popeye phenomenon. Finally, 11% of participants had radial systolic BP >5 mm Hg lower than brachial. In conclusion, radial systolic BP is not representative of brachial systolic BP, with most participants having a radial systolic BP >5 mm Hg higher than brachial and many with differences >15 mm Hg. Therefore, validation testing of BP devices utilizing intra-arterial BP as the reference standard should use intra-arterial BP measured at the same site as the brachial cuff or wearable device.
TÜRKİYE’DE İHRACAT VE İTHALATIN BORSA ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ
Authors: SADEGHZADEH Khatereh
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışmada küreselleşmenin iki önemli
unsurundan birisi olan Borsa İstanbul (BİST) 100 endeksi ile bir diğer önemli
unsuru olan Türkiye’nin dış ticaretini temsilen ihracat ve ithalat arasındaki
ilişkiler araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada; seriler arasındaki uzun dönem
ilişkileri DOLS yöntemiyle analiz edilmiş ve faiz oranındaki artışların,
BIST100 endeksini azalttığı, ihracattaki artışların BIST100 endeksini
arttırdığı, ithalattaki artışların BIST100 endeksi üzerindeki etkilerinin ise
farklılık gösterdiği görülmüştür. Kısa dönem analizleri de DOLS yöntemiyle
gerçekleştirilmiş ve faizlerin, borsa üzerindeki etkilerinin kısa dönemde net
olmadığı, ihracatın BIST100’ü kısa dönemde de arttırdığı, ithalatın da kısa
dönemde BIST100’ü artırma yönünde etki ettiği belirlenmiştir. Seriler
arasındaki nedensellik ilişkileri Granger (1969) testiyle araştırılmış ve
faizden borsaya doğru tek yönlü ve çok güçlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi tespit
edilirken, dış ticaretten borsaya doğru herhangi bir nedensellik ilişkisi
tespit edilememiştir.
Three dominating hypocrealean fungi of the ‘white mold spots’ on acrylic varnish coatings of the murals in a Koguryo tomb in China
Authors: SUN JING-ZU , GE QIN-YA , ZHU ZHI-BAO , ZHANG XIAO-LING , LIU XING-ZHONG
Published: March 2019

Acrylic varnish B01-6 is extensively applied to protect exquisite wall paintings of Wu-Kui Tomb by spraying on the murals to form a hyaline membrane avoiding the color fading and deterioration. However, serious ‘white moldy spots’ are observed on the B01-6 coatings area on the murals seasonally. Culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches reveal that the fungal community of ‘white moldy spots’ is dominated by three hypocrealean fungal taxa. Evidence for these species is provided by morphological comparison and phylogenetic analysis of LSU and ITS sequence data. Two known taxa, namely, Acremonium camptosporum and Sarocladium kiliense, are identified. One novel taxon, Leptobacillium muralicola is also described and compared with other Leptobacillium species. Leptobacillium muralicola can be distinguished from other Leptobacillium species by the colonial color changes from greyish white to greenish white over time, and less ratio of conidial length/width.
Onobrychis garinensis (Hedysareae, Fabaceae), a new species from Iran
Authors: DEHSHIRI MOHAMMAD MEHDI
Published: March 2019

Onobrychis garinensis sp. nov. is described from Garin Mountain near the Nurabad city (Lorestan Province) in the western part of Iran. The new species differs from O. alamutensis in its longer stipules and pod crest, and shorter corolla parts. The IUCN threat category of O. garinensis is determined as “CR (Critically Endangered)”.
A new fern species of Christella (Thelypteridaceae) from India
Authors: BEHERA SANDIP KUMAR , KUSHWAHA ARUN KUMAR , KHARE PREM BEHARI , BARIK SAROJ KANTA
Published: March 2019

A new fern species Christella kendujharensis (family Thelypteridaceae) from Odisha, India is described and illustrated. It shows morphological resemblance with Christella clarkei (Bedd.) C.F. Reed. While C. kendujharensis has ascending rhizome, reduced lower pinnae and irregular shaped pinnules, C. clarkei has creeping rhizome, non-reduced lower pinnae and regular shaped pinnules. Based on IUCN criteria (ver3.1), the new species is assessed as Critically Endangered (CR) B2abC2a(i)D.
A new vole from Xizang, China and the molecular phylogeny of the genus Neodon (Cricetidae: Arvicolinae)
Authors: LIU SHAO YING , SUN ZHI YU , LIU YANG , WANG HAO , GUO PENG , MURPHY ROBERT W.
Published: March 2019

During a faunal survey in southern Xizang, we collected 27 specimens of voles that could not be identified as any knownspecies in the Arvicolinae. These specimens shared the following morphological characteristics, not corresponding withany other arvicoline species: the first lower molar possessed five closed triangles, the third upper molar exhibited eitherfour or three inner angles, and the tails of all specimens measured 30% of the body length. Their proximal baculum of theglans was very sturdy and trumpet-shaped, the distal baculum was tongue-like and sturdy, and the lateral bacula were veryshort. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) geneclustered these specimens as a distinct lineage within the genus Neodon. According to the morphological and moleculardata, we described them as a new species, Neodon linzhiensis. Our phylogenetic analysis strongly supported that Lasio-podomys fuscus, Phaiomys leucurus, Neodon sikimensis, N. irene and the new species formed a monophyletic group, notincluding N. juldaschi. We suggested that L. fuscus and P. leucurus should be transferred to Neodon and that N. juldaschishould be removed from this genus. Following our new delineation of Neodon, we proposed a redefinition of the morphological diagnostic characters of the genus.
Description of Neodolichodorus hainanensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Dolichodoridae) from rhizosphere soil of golf turf in China
Authors: XU CHUN-LING , XIE HUI , LI YU
Published: March 2019

Neodolichodorus hainanensis n.sp. is described from China, extracted from soil around turf in a golf course. N. hainanensisn.sp. is characterized by having a conspicuous offset cephalic region with 6–7 striae, divided into 4 lobes; stylet a little shorter(82–100 µm) than most species in this genus; lateral field with four incisures, areolated, with outer lateral field regularlycrossed by every second external stria at most of body length, and inner lateral field partly or wholly irregularly crossed byextending external striae; subconoid tail with rounded terminus; gubernaculum and spicule slightly protruding from cloaca, middle bursa lobe small with a bifid extremity in ventral view.
The genus Heterothrips (Thysanoptera) in Brazil, with an identification key and seven new species
Authors: PEREYRA VERONICA , CAVALLERI ADRIANO
Published: March 2019

Seven new species of Heterothrips are described from Brazil, and a key presented to the 20 species now known from thiscountry. Heterothrips semiflavus De Santis is synonymized with H. bicolor Hood. The new species are illustrated and notes on their biology included.
Phylogeny and description of Eknomia, a morphologically unusual new genus of Neotropical Cryptinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae), with three new species
Authors: SANTOS BERNARDO F. , AGUIAR ALEXANDRE P.
Published: March 2019

The Cryptini Eknomia Santos et Aguiar gen. nov. is proposed, described, and cladistically compared with representativespecies of 40 outgroup genera from twelve cryptine subtribes. A total of 98 morphological characters were evaluated. Allanalyses, conducted in TNT under implied and equal weighting, clearly suggest that Eknomia is a monophyletic groupand can be treated as a distinct genus. Its likely sister group, however, varied among different analyses and could not beascertained. The relationships of the new genus are therefore unclear, and because of this it is not assigned to any of thecurrently recognized subtribes. Eknomia can be diagnosed mainly by the anterior transverse carina of propodeum entirelyabsent; propodeum more or less uniformly strigate; clypeus almost entirely flattened; ovipositor stout, with compressed,minutely serrate flange at apex of dorsal valve, subapically crossed by a subvertical line; first metasomal spiracle placedat tergite midlength or nearly so; and hind margin of metanotum with tooth-like projections. The species E. nigra Santoset Aguiar, sp. nov., E. rubra Santos et Aguiar, sp. nov. and E. propodeator Santos et Aguiar, sp. nov. are described and illustrated. The genus is recorded from Colombia to southern Brazil.
New species of Ablabesmyia Johannsen from the Neotropical region: first report of a sponge-dwelling Tanypodinae
Authors: FUSARI LÍVIA MARIA , OLIVEIRA CAROLINE S. NEUBERN , HAMADA NEUSA , ROQUE FABIO O.
Published: March 2019

The larva, pupa and male of a new Neotropical chironomid species, Ablabesmyia tucuxi Neubern et Fusari sp. n., are de-scribed and illustrated. The larvae were found in freshwater sponge colonies of Drulia uruguayensis Bonetto et Ezcurrade Drago, 1968 and Oncosclera spinifera (Bonetto et Ezcurra de Drago, 1973) in Brazilian savanna streams. The morpho-logical characteristics of the larval head and the presence of fine particles in the larval gut contents suggest that the larvae probably feed on the sponge tissue or on other animals that live inside the sponges.
Review of the brachypterous, micropterous, and apterous Braconidae of the cyclostome lineage (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) from the Palearctic Region
Authors: BELOKOBYLSKIJ SERGEY A. , KULA ROBERT R.
Published: March 2019

The Palearctic species of Braconidae with brachypterous, micropterous, or apterous modification are discussed. Thefollowing new species are described: Chremylus planispinus Belokobylskij (France, Algeria), Chremylus algecirasusBelokobylskij (Spain), Pambolus erogolus Belokobylskij (Mongolia), Pambolus ovchinnikovi Belokobylskij (Kyr-gyzstan), Hormius stauropolicus Belokobylskij (Russia (North Caucasus)), Bracon (Habrobracon) barbieriBelokobylskij (Algeria), and Panerema kamtshatica Belokobylskij (Russia (Kamchatka)). The following species are re-described: Heterospilus hemipterus (Thomson) (male and female), Chremylus pomonellae (Atanasov) (male, female andmacropterous form), Hormius minialatus Tobias (female), and Aleiodes (Chelonorhogas) hemipterus Marshall (male andfemale). Lituania brachyptera Jakimavicius, 1968 is a new synonym of Eurybolus hemipterus Thomson, 1892. Chremyluspomonellae (Atanasov), new combination, is transferred from Rhyssalus. Aleiodes hemipterus is placed in the subgenusChelonorhogas Enderlein. Asobara subalata (Zaykov & Fischer) is returned from Phaenocarpa Foerster. New distribu-tion records are reported for Ecphylus (Sactopus) caudatus Ruschka, H. hemipterus, Rhaconotus hispanicus Belokobyl-skij, Pambolus tricolor (Ruthe), Hormius minialatus Tobias, A. (C.) hemipterus, and Pseudopezomachus kasparyaniTobias. A key for identifying all Palearctic flightless cyclostome braconid species, and the genera in which they are placed,is provided. A discussion about the diversity, morphological characters, and natural history of wing size reduction, and possible reasons for flightlessness, is provided.
Records of species of the hippolytid genus Lebbeus White, 1847 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) from hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean, with descriptions of three new species
Authors: KOMAI TOMOYUKI , TSUCHIDA SHINJI , SEGONZAC MICHEL
Published: March 2019

Five species of the hippolytid shrimp genus Lebbeus White, 1847 are reported from various deep-water hydrothermal ventsites in the Pacific Ocean: L. laurentae Wicksten, 2010 from the East Pacific Rise 13°N; L. wera Ahyong, 2009 from theBrothers Seamount, Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand; L. pacmanus sp. nov. from the Manus Basin, Bismarck Sea; L.shinkaiae sp. nov. from the Okinawa Trough, Japan; and L. thermophilus sp. nov. from the Manus and Lau basins, south-western Pacific. Lebbeus laurentae is fully redescribed because the original and subsequent descriptions are not totallydetailed. Differentiating characters among the three new species and close allies are discussed. Previous records of Lebbeus species from hydrothermal vents are reviewed.
Metopelloides paguri sp. nov., a new species of symbiotic stenothoid amphipod (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Stenothoidae) associated with sublittoral hermit crabs from the Russian coasts of the Sea of Japan
Authors: MARIN IVAN , SINELNIKOV SERGEY
Published: March 2019

A new species of amphipod from the genus Metopelloides Gurjanova, 1938 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Stenothoidae) asso-ciated with two species of sublittoral hermit crab species, Pagurus pectinatus (Stimpson, 1858) and Elassochirus cavi-manus (Miers, 1879) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguridae), is described from the Russian coasts of the Sea of Japan. The newspecies clearly differs from the congeners by the combination of morphological features such as telson without lateralspines, an elongated mandibular palp with single apical setae, the structures of distoventral palmar margins of subchelaon gnathopods I and II in females, bright white-red body coloration. Thus, the record of Metopelloides paguri sp. nov.represents the second record of the family Stenothoidae in the association with sublittoral hermit crabs from the Sea of Japan.
Taxonomic revision of Brazilian Mactridae Lamarck, 1809 (Bivalvia: Cardiida)
Authors: SIGNORELLI JAVIER H. , PASTORINO GUIDO
Published: March 2019

The worldwide distributed family Mactridae Lamarck, 1809, is well represented in the western Atlantic Ocean. An ex-haustive literature research revealed 54 nominal species from the Brazilian coast. The study was done using morphologicalcharacters of shell and in some cases mantle cavity organs. All type material was examined and illustrated. Eleven validliving species are confirmed from the Brazilian littoral and their synonymies and geographic distributions are updated.Redescriptions are provided for Mactrellona alata (Spengler, 1802); Mactrotoma fragilis (Gmelin, 1791); Mulinia clery-ana (d´Orbigny, 1846) and Anatina anatina (Spengler, 1802). The revision of Trinitasia iheringi (Dall, 1897) new combination, reveals the presence of a Tertiary genus among the Recent fauna of South America.
Deep-water Ascidiacea from the Sea of Japan
Authors: SANAMYAN KAREN , SANAMYAN NADYA
Published: March 2019

Four solitary ascidians are recorded in the deep-water material from the Sea of Japan. Two species, Agnezia orthenteronand Pelonaia bursaria are recorded for the first time since original descriptions, a third species, Styela squamosa, is awidely distributed deep-water species not known previously from the Sea of Japan. A fourth species was identified only to a genus level.