bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Which curve is better? A comparative analysis of trauma scoring systems in a South Asian country
Authors: Merchant Asma Altaf Hussain , Shaukat Natasha , Ashraf Naela , Hassan Sheza , Jarrar Zeerak , Abbasi Ayesha , Ahmed Tanveer , Atiq Huba , Khan Uzma Rahim , Khan Nadeem Ullah , Mushtaq Saima , Rasul Shahid , Hyder Adnan A , Razzak Junaid , Haider Adil H.
Published: November 2023

Objectives

A diverse set of trauma scoring systems are used globally to predict outcomes and benchmark trauma systems. There is a significant potential benefit of using these scores in low and middle-income countries (LMICs); however, its standardized use based on type of injury is still limited. Our objective is to compare trauma scoring systems between neurotrauma and polytrauma patients to identify the better predictor of mortality in low-resource settings.

Methods

Data were extracted from a digital, multicenter trauma registry implemented in South Asia for a secondary analysis. Adult patients (≥18 years) presenting with a traumatic injury from December 2021 to December 2022 were included in this study. Injury Severity Score (ISS), Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS), Mechanism/GCS/Age/Pressure score and GCS/Age/Pressure score were calculated for each patient to predict in-hospital mortality. We used receiver operating characteristic curves to derive sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) for each score, including Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).

Results

The mean age of 2007 patients included in this study was 41.2±17.8 years, with 49.1% patients presenting with neurotrauma. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 17.2%. GCS and RTS proved to be the best predictors of in-hospital mortality for neurotrauma (AUC: 0.885 and 0.874, respectively), while TRISS and ISS were better predictors for polytrauma patients (AUC: 0.729 and 0.722, respectively).

Conclusion

Trauma scoring systems show differing predictability for in-hospital mortality depending on the type of trauma. Therefore, it is vital to take into account the region of body injury for provision of quality trauma care. Furthermore, context-specific and injury-specific use of these scores in LMICs can enable strengthening of their trauma systems.

Level of evidence

Level III.
Quantum corrections on geodesic structure and shadow behavior of the Schwarzschild black hole
Authors: Salil Saadoon Yazea , Nozari Kourosh , Saghafi Sara
Published: November 2023

Point-like singularities of black hole space–times in general theory of relativity (GR) and alternative theories of gravity are one of the controversial issues for decades. One way to remove the central singularity of the Schwarzschild black hole is the Kazakov–Solodukhin (KS) proposal, which takes into account the effects of quantum field theory within the GR framework leading to the KS black hole. On the other hand, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) becomes a noteworthy tool for constraining the black hole parameters in gravitational theories. Hence, in this work, we plan to study the null geodesic structure, shadow behavior, energy emission rate, and deflection angle of the KS black hole. Then, we constrain the quantum correction parameter of the KS black hole via EHT data of the M87* supermassive black hole. We observe that increasing the quantum effects in the KS black hole leads to amplification of the shadow size of the KS black hole.
Probe nuclear structure using the anisotropic flow at the Large Hadron Collider
Authors: Lu Zhiyong , Zhao Mingrui , Li Xiaomei , Jia Jiangyong , Zhou You
Published: November 2023

Recent studies have shown that the shape and radial profile of the colliding nuclei have strong influences on the initial condition of the heavy ion collisions and the subsequent development of the anisotropic flow. Using A Multi-Phase Transport model (AMPT) model, we investigated the impact of nuclear quadrupole deformation $$\beta _2$$

β
2

and nuclear diffuseness $$a_0$$

a
0

of $$^{129}$$

129

Xe on various of flow observables in Xe–Xe collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}=$$

s
NN

=

5.44 TeV. We found that $$\beta _2$$

β
2

has a strong influence on central collisions while $$a_0$$

a
0

mostly influences the mid-central collisions. The relative change of flow observables induced by a change in $$\beta _2$$

β
2

and $$a_0$$

a
0

are also found to be insensitive to the values of parameters controlling the strength of the interaction among final state particles. Our study demonstrates the potential for constraining the initial condition of heavy ion collisions using future system scans at the LHC.
The microscopic Ampère formulation for the electromagnetic force density in linear dielectrics
Authors: Anghinoni Bruno , Partanen Mikko , Astrath Nelson G. C.
Published: November 2023

We present a detailed derivation of the electromagnetic force density and pressure in linear dielectric media according to the so-called microscopic Ampère formulation, which considers the classical dipolar sources in matter along with the hidden momentum contribution. It is seen that, among the other formulations existing in the literature, our proposal is the only one universally compatible with the experimental works reported to date. A new radiation pressure equation for non-magnetic dielectrics under oblique illumination from p-polarized beams is also derived.
State Machines for Large Scale Computer Software and Systems
Authors: Yodaiken Victor
Published: November 2023

The behavior and architecture of large scale discrete state systems found in computer software and hardware can be specified and analyzed using a particular class of primitive recursive functions. This article begins with an illustration of the utility of the method via a number of small examples and then via longer specification and verification of the “Paxos” distributed consensus algorithm [26]. The “sequence maps” are then shown to provide an alternative representation of deterministic state machines and products of state machines.

Distributed and composite systems, parallel and concurrent computation, and real-time behavior can all be specified naturally with these methods—which require neither extensions to the classical state machine model nor any axiomatic methods or other techniques from formal logic or other foundational methods. Compared to state diagrams or tables or the standard set-tuple-transition-maps, sequence maps are more concise and better suited to describing the behavior and compositional architecture of computer systems. Staying strictly within the boundaries of classical deterministic state machines anchors the methods to the algebraic structures of automata and makes the specifications faithful to engineering practice.
Fine Detection and Analysis of Hidden Karst in Wellsite with Quasi-Three-Dimensional TDEM Based on Lateral Constraint
Authors: Wu Bin , Liao Yunping , Chen Hongkai , Chen Lichuan , Ren Shicong , Xiao Shihong , Yang Yunjian , Yang Yong , Peng Haiyou
Published: November 2023

Considering that karst caves, underground rivers, and dissolution fractures in shallow carbonate formation in the Sichuan Basin are extremely developed, leakage, failure and plugging difficulties are easy to occur in the drilling process. The TDEM was used to carry out the exploration of hidden karst geological bodies in well QM2, and the quasi-three-dimensional inversion based on lateral constrain was used to invert the TDEM data. Three NW trending anomalous bands were identified in the lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation within the range of drilling, consisting of seven relatively low-resistivity anomalous zones. Under the guidance of TDEM quasi-three-dimensional inversion resistivity data, the low-resistivity karst development area is avoided, and the specific drilling location of well QM2 is determined. No karst cave and underground river were drilled in the later drilling process of well QM2, as well as no instability phenomenon occurred. It indicates that the TDEM detection results are consistent with the actual drilling, and the quasi-three-dimensional TDEM inversion interpretation data based on lateral constraints is reliable and can accurately detect the buried karst in the wellsite.
An Intelligent Diagnostic System to Analyze Early-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease for Clinical Application
Authors: Md. Ashafuddula N. I. , Islam Bayezid , Islam Rafiqul
Published: November 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition characterized by the gradual deterioration of kidney functions, potentially leading to kidney failure if not promptly diagnosed and treated. Machine learning (ML) algorithms have shown significant promise in disease diagnosis, but in healthcare, clinical data pose challenges: missing values, noisy inputs, and redundant features, affecting early-stage CKD prediction. Thus, this study presents a novel, fully automated machine learning approach to tackle these complexities by incorporating feature selection (FS) and feature space reduction (FSR) techniques, leading to a substantial enhancement of the model’s performance. A data balancing technique is also employed during preprocessing to address data imbalance issue that is commonly encountered in clinical contexts. Finally, for reliable CKD classification, an ensemble characteristics-based classifier is encouraged. The effectiveness of our approach is rigorously validated and assessed on multiple datasets, and the clinical relevancy of the strategy is evaluated on the real-world therapeutic data collected from Bangladeshi patients. The study establishes the dominance of adaptive boosting, logistic regression, and passive aggressive ML classifiers with 96.48% accuracy in forecasting unseen therapeutic CKD data, particularly in early-stage cases. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the FSR technique in reducing the prediction time significantly is revealed. The outstanding performance of the proposed model demonstrates its effectiveness in addressing the complexity of healthcare CKD data by incorporating the FS and FSR techniques. This highlights its potential as a promising computer-aided diagnosis tool for doctors, enabling early interventions and improving patient outcomes.
Spreading a Durable Protective Layer of Quaternary Ammonium Agents on an N95 Respirator for Predecontamination of Airborne Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Viruses Using Mycobacterium smegmatis and Bacteriophage MS2 as Models
Authors: Khumyrzakh Bakhytbol , Cheng Yung-Chuan , Lai Chane-Yu , Chang Kai-Chih , Tseng Chun-Chieh
Published: November 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), respectively, are serious public health issues. N95 respirators are commonly used to protect people from infections in high-risk environments. Consequently, we used Mycobacterium smegmatis and bacteriophage MS2 as MTB and SARS-CoV-2 surrogates to evaluate the ability of a quaternary ammonium agent (QAA) coating on the surface of new N95 respirators to reduce the microbial burden upon aerosol exposure. Regarding the burden (105 CFU (or PFU)/m3) of M. smegmatis and MS2 phage that settled onto the respirator surface, the QAA yielded average reduction efficiencies (

R
%

) of 92.4% and 99.8%, respectively. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of the coated respirator was maintained for one week. For bioaerosols that contacted the respirator (105 CFU (or PFU)/m3), the

R
%

of the QAA was 90.7% for M. smegmatis and 94.4% for MS2 phage on the outermost layer of the respirator. Moreover, filtration efficiencies between a QAA-coated respirator and an untreated respirator were not significantly altered (

p
=
0.332

). These results demonstrate that this QAA product has a durable antimicrobial activity and could reduce the MTB and SARS-CoV-2 concentrations on the N95 respirator surface. However, it is recommended that such a coating respirator not be worn for more than 4 hours based on hemolysis assay results.
Necrópoles e o Concreto Armado: reflexões antropológicas e históricas sobre os apartheids em Brasília e Joanesburgo
Authors: Lemos Guilherme
Published: November 2023

Este artigo compara o desenvolvimento das cidades de Brasília (Brasil) e Joanesburgo (África do Sul) pela análise dos dualismos evento/cotidiano; vida e não/vida. A partir de uma metodologia histórica e à luz das teorias antropológicas, indicamos como a constituição desses dois espaços do apartheid, esses eventos e cotidianos, se relacionam pelas concretizações das utopias eugenistas que reificam pessoas já racializadas na colonização. Pessoas que continuam tendo uma função dúbia de objeto e abjeto. Assim, apontamos o cimento como ator da tecnosfera no Negroceno (FERDINAND, 2021) e, no cálculo de sua transformação em concreto, vemos como são indispensáveis as pessoas (as vidas) lidas pelo capitalismo/colonialismo como commodities (não-vida), extraídas dos resíduos dos arranjos políticos coloniais. Por fim, conceituando as cidades modernas como necrópoles, apontamos como as soluções ao colonialismo podem residir em experiências de biointeração (SANTOS, 2015) e em visões distintas do que seja corpo e espaço.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Geraldius galapagoensis (Nematoda: Chambersiellidae) associated with lichens in Argentina
Authors: Rusconi José Matías , García Renato , Salas Augusto , Balcazar Darío , Shimabukuro Marina Ibáñez , Achinelly María Fernanda
Published: November 2023

Lichens are symbiotic organisms, usually composed of a fungal partner, the mycobiont, and one or more photosynthetic partners, the photobiont, which is most often either a green alga or a cyanobacterium, that harbor a diverse community of invertebrates such as rotifers, tardigrades, mites, springtails, crustaceans, and nematodes. In this work, we isolated the nematode Geraldius galapagoensis (Chambersiellidae) associated with the lichen Hyperphyscia syncolla (Physciaceae) in a region of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. This species was discovered in a tropical forest of Ecuador and is characterized mainly by a head offset by a constriction from the rest of the body, a esophagus with a cylindrical pharyngeal corpus without a median bulb, a narrow isthmus and an oval basal pharyngeal bulb with strong transverse/butterfly valve apparatus, a tail curved ventrally, ending in dorsally hooked end; the male with seven pairs of latero-ventral pre-anal papillae and three pairs of post-anal in the following positions: one pair latero-ventral and two pairs dorso-lateral and two slightly curved spicules with asymmetric manubrium with an anterior extension. The comparison of the morphometrics of our G. galapagoensis male with that of the original description shows that the body length is shorter, as are the distance of the excretory pore to the anterior end and the tail. On the other hand, the distance from the anterior end to the nerve ring and the esophagus length are greater. The head width, body diameter and spicule length are quite similar. We provide a morphological and morphometrical characterization of a G. galapagoensis second isolate and the first world report of molecular sequences belonging to this species.
História em quadrinhos rioplatense e memória histórica: algumas dificuldades contemporâneas
Authors: Berone Lucas Rafael
Published: November 2023

Em um trabalho anterior (BERONE, 2014a), fizemos uma divisão analítica da produção e a edição atual das histórias em quadrinhos em dois grandes campos: por um lado, o universo dos quadrinhos de mundos realistas e por outro lado, o vasto domínio dos quadrinhos de mundos fantásticos. A respeito desse último campo, embora sua evidente heterogeneidade, é atualmente um espaço editorial hegemonizado pela ficção científica, que age na qualidade de arquétipo. Agora, por alguns anos, o campo que propomos denominar quadrinhos de mundos realistas parece ser hegemonizado pelo gênero da nova “historieta histórica”. Nosso artigo será dedicado a ele – sua origem, suas relações com a história e sua especificidade como discurso –, enfatizando a utilidade de algumas noções fundamentais: ficção, documento, monumento, testemunho.
Edição de histórias em quadrinhos, entre autoria e mercado
Authors: Gomes Ivan Lima , Gago Sebastian Horacio
Published: November 2023

Apresenta o conteúdo do dossiê "Edição de histórias em quadrinhos, entre autoria e mercado".
Quantitative assessment of urinary equol levels, equol-producing bacteria, and the faecal microbiota in healthy Japanese individuals
Authors: Kodera M. , Nakamura K. , Ezaki T. , Suzuki T. , Yokoyama S.
Published: November 2023

Equol (4′,7-isoflavandiol) has attracted considerable attention for its potential efficacy in treating hormonal diseases. In this study we collected samples from healthy Japanese individuals (n = 91) to observe the relationship between the abundance of equol-producing bacteria in their faeces and the concentration of equol in their urine. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting the dihydrodaidzein reductase gene (dhdr) was used to detect equol-producing bacteria. Equol producers, who were defined as individuals with >1000 nmol/l equol in their urine, exhibited 4-8 log10 copies of dhdr/g faeces of equol-producing bacteria. We assessed the accuracy of these findings by determining the rate of correspondence between possessing equol-producing bacteria and producing urinary equol. Of the 91 participants, 33 were found to be positive for both equol-producing bacteria and urinary equol, 52 were negative for both, one was positive for equol-producing bacteria and negative for urinary equol, and five were negative for equol-producing bacteria and positive for urinary equol. The sensitivity and specificity of the qPCR for detecting equol-producing bacteria were 86.8% and 98.1%, respectively. On the whole, the presence of equol-producing bacteria and urinary equol displayed 93.4% concordance, with a kappa coefficient of 0.862. No apparent correlation was observed between dhdr copy number in the faeces and urinary equol concentrations. Analysis of the faecal microbiota showed that alpha diversity indices (OTU, ACE, Chao1, Shannon) were significantly higher in equol producers. Specifically, the relative abundance of phylum Pseudomonadota was increased in non-equol producers, while abundance of genus Alistipes, Barnesiella, Butyricimonas, Odoribacter, and Ruminococcus, which produce short chain fatty acids and/or hydrogen, were only observed in equol producers. These results suggest that a certain amount of equol-producing bacteria must be present in the intestine to produce detectable levels of equol, and that equol productivity might be affected by other components of the microbiota.
The Indie Nobel?
Authors: Vermeulen Pieter
Published: November 2023

The work of nine of the last ten non-Anglophone winners of the Nobel Prize in literature is – or, in a few cases, was – mainly published in the United States and the United Kingdom by independent publishers. This essay draws on the resources of the interdisciplinary field of valuation studies to show that this phenomenon is not only a reflection of commercial considerations but also reveals differences in the way the Nobel Committee, independent publishers, and conglomerate publishers articulate literary value. Paying special attention to the discourses of justification around J.M.G. Le Clézio, the essay shows how the Committee’s emphasis on documentation, truth, and witness gets refracted in, on the one hand, a focus on serious and melancholic postures of witness in the literary value discourse characterizing the New York-centered literary upmarket segment, and a celebration of cross-cultural curiosity in the case of independent publishers on the other.
The Nobel and Back Again
Authors: Lanfranchi Anna
Published: November 2023

This article re-evaluates the translation strategy of the Italian publisher Mondadori for Pearl S. Buck. From the first translations in the book series Medusa to the latest editions of the 2010s, the publisher’s literary assessment and marketing strategy for Buck’s oeuvre fluctuated towards and away the standing of a Nobel Prize laurate. By collecting and analysing a variety of records from the publisher’s archive at Fondazione Arnoldo and Alberto Mondadori (Milan, Italy) and the Deutsches Literaturarchiv (Marbach, Germany), this contribution challenges pre-existing narratives concerning this author’s Italian publication history. By identifying four phases in Mondadori’s programme for Pearl S. Buck, it argues that a rebranding that intentionally moved her public image away from the unwieldy shadow of the Nobel ultimately prolonged Buck’s success in the Italian language throughout the 20th and 21st centuries.
Endowments as a Tool for the Shaping of Community Identity in the Jewish Society of Egypt, Palestine, and Syria
Authors: Arad Dotan
Published: November 2023

Talmudic sources recognize the dedication of assets for the benefit of the Temple alone (heqdesh). In Islamic countries, Jews encountered another form of asset endowment – the Islamic waqf – and fully embraced it. This article explores the utilization of waqf from a fresh perspective, focusing on urban communities in Egypt, Palestine, and Syria, to examine its role in constructing community members’ self-identity. The allocation of waqf beneficiaries allowed the endower to delineate the community’s boundaries in their mind, reflecting the desired social circles they sought to be part of.

Analyzing documents spanning centuries reveals ongoing changes in this realm. Social and demographic shifts periodically led to reductions in the circles of waqf beneficiaries. The strained relations between Rabbanites and Karaites during the Mamluk Period, as well as waves of Jewish immigration from Europe and North Africa to the eastern Mediterranean in the late Mamluk and early Ottoman periods, influenced the norms governing the endowment of houses, land, and money among Jewish property owners. These norms evolved again during the late Ottoman period when the boundaries between different Jewish groups became more blurred.
Strategy for Religious Endowment: A Comparative Study of the Waqf
Authors: Miura Toru
Published: November 2023

This paper shows the spread of waqf endowments in the medieval Islamic world, especially in Egypt, Syria and Ottoman Turkey, based on narrative and archival sources, and discusses what purposes and motives for endowments and their social effects were. Finally, it goes on to state the features of the waqf endowment (combination of personal and religious motives, and of egoistic and altruistic wishes), in comparison with endowments in other regions such as Europe, India, China and Japan.
Rayleigh-Bénard-Marangoni Convection of Mono and Hybrid Nanoliquids in an Inclined Plane and Solution by Shooting Method
Authors: Gayathri M. , Pranesh S. , Siddheshwar P. G.
Published: November 2023

Unprecedented study on Rayleigh-Bénard-Marangoni convection in mono and hybrid nanoliquids in a region confined between two infinite inclined parallel planes. Linear stability analysis is conducted to investigate the stability of longitudinal and transverse rolls. The shooting
method is used to obtain the eigenvalues of the boundary value problem with complex coefficients in the case of four different boundary conditions. The inclination angle is chosen in the range [0, 45] and the Rayleigh number is chosen in such a way that the critical Rayleigh number is greater
than 0. The thermophysical properties measured at 300 K of twelve nanoliquids and thirty hybrid nanoliquids having a total volume fraction of 0.5% are evaluated using phenomenological laws and mixture theory, and prediction on the onset of convection is made in all cases. C2H6O2-SWCNT
(F = 0.972881) advances the onset of convection the most among nanoliquids and C2H6O2-Ag-SWCNT and C2H6O2-Cu-SWCNT (F = 0.972875) among hybrid nanoliquids. Rayleigh-Bénard-Marangoni convective system in an inclined plane
is more stable than that in a horizontal plane.
Partial Slip and Cross-Diffusion Effects on Magnetohydrodynamic Mixed Bioconvection Flow in a Channel with Chemical Reaction
Authors: Geetha S. P. , Sivasankaran S. , Bhuvaneswari M.
Published: November 2023

The main objective of the paper is to explore the effects of Soret and Dufour on MHD mixed bioconvection of nanofluid in a flat channel with chemical reaction, radiation, Joule heating and partial (velocity) slip. The related ordinary differential equations are comprised of velocity,
energy, nanoparticle concentration, solutal concentration and microorganisms density are solved analytically subject to physically appropriate boundary conditions using homotopy analysis method (HAM). The dimensionless skin friction, heat and mass transport are discussed through plots by varying
different physical parameters. The transport of heat enhances with Brinkman number but it increases gradually with thermal radiation. The fluid velocity reduces by the velocity slip, while it increases by raising the Hartmann number. The temperature of the fluid lowered due to the surplus
thermal radiation. The dufour number and velocity slip create opposite effect in solutal concentration.
Unsteady 3D MHD Boundary Layer Stream for Non-Newtonian Power-Law Fluid Near Stagnation Point of Moving Surfaces
Authors: Mahesha  , Mohan Babu V.
Published: November 2023

An unsteady three-dimensional MHD boundary layer is a fluid flow region near a surface where magnetic fields are present and interact with the fluid flow, causing it to become unsteady. This type of flow is commonly found in various astrophysical and technological applications, such
as in plasmas and fusion reactors. The 3D nature of the flow introduces additional complexities to the flow dynamics, making the study and modeling of unsteady MHD boundary layers a challenging and active area of research. The unsteady boundary layer flow of fluid over a moving stagnation
surface is theoretically examined in the current work with the impression of a magnetic field. The exact outcomes of the governing equations for the flow domain are obtained by utilizing the shooting phenomena. The specified analytical outcomes are also obtained for some cases. Detailed discussions
of the parameters involved are confirmed both physically and graphically. Numerical results for both profiles are presented graphically. The study and modeling of unsteady 3D MHD boundary layers is imperative for a thorough understanding of various physical phenomena, improving the performance
of technological systems, and advancing our knowledge of fluid dynamics.
Computational Study of Crossed-Cavity Hybrid Nanofluid Turbulent Forced Convection for Enhanced Concentrated Solar Panel Cooling
Authors: Djermane Kenza , Kadri Syham
Published: November 2023

The phenomena of turbulent forced convection were investigated in a cross-shaped enclosure with an (Al2O3-Cu)/water hybrid nano-fluid. This design aims to solve the problem of overheating concentrated solar panels due to crossed solar cells in semiarid climates.
The cavity’s upper horizontal and left vertical walls are kept at high temperatures, while the lower flat and suitable vertical walls are considered adiabatic. The cavity contains two inlets and one outlet. Using the finite element method, we solved the equations that controlled our
situation and defined the expected turbulent flow regime for Reynolds values between 4000 and 20000. Additionally, the effects of various hybrid nano-fluid concentrations (ranging from 0% to 2%) were assessed. The optimal settings were found to raise the average Nusselt number, decrease the
temperature, and improve cell efficiency. The efficiency of concentrated solar panels increased from 30.684% at Re = 4000 to 32.438% at Re = 20000 due to improved cooling.
Effect of Magnetic Field and Impingement Jet on the Thermal Performance and Heat Transfer of Hybrid Nanofluids
Authors: Boudraa Bouziane , Bessaïh Rachid
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we focus on modeling the flow and heat transfer behavior of SiO2–CuO/water hybrid-nanofluid impingement jet used for CPU cooling, where this flow is subject to a magnetic field. For this purpose, a new geometry has been adopted that contributes to the
processor’s cooling while controlling the dynamic field and making it stable. The assessments were performed using two-phase mixture model under laminar forced convection flow setting. The working liquid consists of SiO2 and CuO nanoparticles with a diameter of 20 nm dispersed
in the base fluid. The flow field, heat transfer, thermal efficiency, loss pressure and entropy production were analyzed in terms of volumetric concentration, Hartmann number, and Reynolds number. The simulation approach was applied to compare previous research findings, and a considerable
agreement was established. Results indicate that the use of outside magnetic forces aids in maintaining the working fluid’s stability. Boosting the Hartmann number to maximum values increases pressure drop and pumping power while lowering system efficiency by 5%, 5% and 19%, respectively.
Compared to pure water, hybrid nanofluids yield to a considerable drop in mean CPU temperature up to 10 K. The hybrid nanofluid’s efficiency improves as the Reynolds number and nanoparticle volume fraction rise, where the improvement in the best conditions reaches up to 21% and 27%,
respectively. Using the following nanoparticles: SiO2, CuO and SiO2–CuO improves the Nusselt number of the base fluid by 15%, 36% and 30%, respectively. While the pressure drop values increase by 5%, 17% and 11%. Regarding the entropy production, the results reveal
that the total entropy values increase slowly with the volume fraction of the nanoparticles, and the maximum increase does not exceed 5% in the best case. On the other hand, the increase in the total entropy values reaches 50% when Ha = 20. Lastly, two correlations for the Nusselt number and
the friction factor are suggested, with errors of no more than ±9% and ±7%, respectively.
Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure on mitochondrial DNA copy number
Authors: Choi Sun-Haeng , Ochirpurev Bolormaa , Jo Hwa Yeong , Won Jong-Uk , Toriba Akira , Kim Heon
Published: November 2023

Airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure can adversely affect human health by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing oxidative stress, which causes changes in mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), a key indicator of mitochondrial damage and dysfunction. This study aimed to determine the effects of atmospheric benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) exposure on mtDNAcn in humans. One hundred and eight adults living in Cheongju, South Korea, were included in this study. Atmospheric BaP and 1-NP concentrations and urinary 6-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene (6-OHNP), N-acetyl-1-aminopyrene (1-NAAP), and 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations were measured. Blood samples were also collected to assess mtDNAcn. The mean mtDNAcn was 9.74 (SD 4.46). mtDNAcn decreased significantly with age but was not significantly associated with sex, sampling season, or smoking habit. While there was a borderline significant increase in mtDNAcn with increasing ambient total PAH levels, ambient PAH or urinary 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations showed no significant association with mtDNAcn. However, urinary 6-OHNP or 1-NAAP concentrations, 1-NP metabolites, were significantly associated with mtDNAcn. These results suggest that the metabolism of absorbed NPs generates excess ROS, which damages mitochondrial DNA, resulting in increased mtDNAcn.
Feminist Theological Themes in the Biblical Art of Lilian Broca: From Lilith to Mary Magdalene
Authors: Beavis Mary Ann
Published: November 2023

For three decades, the Canadian artist Lilian Broca has been creating art featuring biblical women: Lilith/Eve, Esther, Judith and Mary Magdalene. These are not single artworks, but series, presenting these women in the contexts of their narratives. In contrast with traditional artistic representations of these figures, dominated by the male gaze, Broca brings a feminist lens to their stories. Broca’s work not only converges with feminist theology and biblical studies, but she also uses this scholarship as part of her research, pointing to a fruitful and significant relationship between feminist art and academic theology.
Elevating Home Health Aide Input in Co-Creation of COVID-19 Vaccine Messaging
Authors: Lum Hillary D. , Fischer Stacy , Ytell Kate , Scherer Laura , O’Leary Sean T. , Elk Ronit , Hurley Susan , Washington Karla T. , DeCamp Matthew
Published: November 2023

Home health aides (HHAs) care for patients highly vulnerable to COVID-19 and are disproportionately women from minority communities that have been adversely impacted by COVID-19. Yet, direct care workers are less likely to be vaccinated against COVID-19 compared to others. As the pandemic evolves, interest in vaccination may decrease suggesting the need for relevant vaccine messaging to HHAs. Objectives: (1) to describe HHAs and administrators’ perspectives related to COVID-19 vaccination messaging, and (2) to co-design a Communication Toolkit to create COVID-19 vaccine messages. Methods: HHAs and administrators from 4 geographically diverse Palliative Care Research Cooperative (PCRC) hospice agencies were recruited for a multi-method process involving qualitative interviews (17 HHAs and 5 administrators), community engagement (CE) studios, and development of a Communication Toolkit. Interviews were guided by the PEN-3 conceptual framework to explore barriers and facilitators to vaccination. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Despite power differences, HHAs and administrators share a commitment to protecting patients affected by serious illness. HHAs desire vaccine messaging that includes personal narratives, good news about the vaccine, and facts about benefits and risks of the vaccine. Preferred message formats include the agency intranet, daily briefings, or “little seeds” (ie, short, high-impact information). Through the studios, HHAs provided input on a Toolkit prototype with messages tailored to the context of home care. Conclusions: Grounded in the commitment of HHAs and administrators to protecting vulnerable patients, we co-created an adaptable Communication Toolkit to address COVID-19 vaccination misinformation and mistrust among direct care workers.
Current State of Clinical Trials Regarding Alveolar Bone Grafting
Authors: Al Malak Ahmad , El Masri Yasmina , Al Ziab Mira , Ghazi Maya , Salameh Pascale
Published: November 2023

Alveolar ridge defects develop because of surgery, trauma, infection, or congenital malformations. Alveolar ridge defects can be resolved using an osseous replacement. The primary outcomes of osseous replacement are the maintenance of contour; the elimination of dead space, the reduction of postoperative infection; and the increase in bony and soft tissue healing. Recent research shows promising developments in dental bone grafts. This review presents the results of several clinical trials and provides updates on current alveolar bone grafting.

In May 2023, we searched Clinicaltrials.gov for interventional clinical trials related to alveolar bone grafting. A total of 66 clinical trials were included using Boolean Operators AND, OR, NOT we used the “advanced search” option with the search terms [Alveolar Bone Grafting] OR [Ridge Preservation] OR [Dental Bone Grafting] OR [Ridge Augmentation]. Reviewed publications are summarized.

28 out of the 66 trials were successfully completed. None of the trials had offered an invitation to enroll, and only one was terminated. Autograft was the most prevalent kind of grafting, at 28 out of 66, more than twice as prevalent as allograft, which ranked second at 12 out of 66.

this study shows a lack of variety in location, low results provided, and low clinical trials regarding bone rejection. The focus of published trials was mainly on cleft palate rehabilitation using secondary alveolar bone grafting, and the usage of L-prf, rh-FGF-2, rhBMP2, and hyaluronic acid in association with alveolar bone grafting showed remarkable results concerning bone's osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and osteogenesis.
A multi-scale model from microscopic cracks to macroscopic damage of concrete at elevated temperatures
Authors: Sun Bin , Guo Tong
Published: November 2023

A multi-scale model is established to describe the relationship between the macroscopic damage evolution and microscopic cracks behaviors of concrete at elevated temperatures. The evolution equation of the ideal microscopic crack system of concrete at elevated temperatures is deduced for construct the model, which can predict the microscopic crack density and macroscopic damage of concrete at elevated temperatures. The multi-scale model fuses some advantages of the traditional microscopic and macroscopic damage models. Finally, multi-scale damage of a concrete block under high temperature is predicted and compared with the corresponding experimental results, which is utilized to support the ability of the developed model. The results show that the developed multi-scale model can be used to evaluate fire damage of concrete structures in macro-scale as well as explain its physical mechanisms in micro-scale.
Analyzing the Importance of the Determinants of Public Debt and Its Policy Implications: A Survey of Literature
Authors: Cifuentes-Faura Javier , Simionescu Mihaela
Published: November 2023

Public debt is a key issue for government institutions, both because of the amount of its revenues, which partly compensate for the possible shortfall in tax collection, and because it is an essential instrument of fiscal policy for the government. This paper reviews the literature on the determinants of public debt in order to identify the explanatory variables of public debt according to the main theoretical and empirical studies. This work will support policy makers who have to obtain financial resources to cover essential and very necessary expenditures nowadays, such as health, education, or infrastructure investment, by controlling debt levels and fiscal pressure. The main policy implication we can derive from these results is that governments should use some of these instruments to reduce general government debt.
Be A Force for Good: Motivations, Challenges, and Critical Success Factors of Social Enterprise Restaurants
Authors: Mak Athena H.N.
Published: November 2023

This study explores the motivations, challenges, and critical success factors of social enterprise restaurants (SERs). An interpretivist approach was adopted, and semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with founders and employees from a sample of eight SERs in Taiwan. Various motivations driving social entrepreneurship in the restaurant industry were identified, which were classified into vision/passion-oriented and problem-oriented motivations. The findings reveal that passion and vision for a desirable future are compelling motivations for SERs. The problem-oriented motivations corroborate previous theories that social entrepreneurs are more likely to seek sustainable solutions to address social problems that lead to positive externalities and to facilitate empowerment in powerless segments. Fifteen management challenges were identified, which were classified into a dual exogenous–endogenous framework. Nine types of critical success factors of SERs were also uncovered. The empirical evidence on the distinctive challenges and success factors of SERs lays the theoretical foundation for future investigations.
Long-term follow-up and survival of delayed total hip arthroplasty following acetabular fracture: a matched cohort study of 552 cases from the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register
Authors: Kirkeboe Ragnhild Loven , Nordsletten Lars , Madsen Jan Erik , Dybvik Eva , Lie Stein Atle , Hallan Geir , Clarke-Jenssen John
Published: November 2023

Background:

Operative treatment of acetabular fractures generally yields good results, but several authors report up to 15–20% of patients developing post-traumatic osteoarthritis (OA). Previous studies have shown that total hip arthroplasty (THA) following post-traumatic OA have inferior results compared to THA for primary OA. The aim of this study was to report on long-term outcome of THA following acetabular fracture, compared to primary OA.

Materials and methods:

We performed a matched cohort study with data from the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register (NAR). All patients receiving THA following an acetabular fracture between 1987 and 2018 were identified. A 3:1 matched cohort consisting of patients treated for primary OA with THA was selected using propensity scores and matched for age, gender and year of surgery. Survival analysis was performed with revision of any cause as endpoint. Cox regression was used to identify factors associated with risk of revision surgery.

Results:

552 cases were identified, 397 men and 155 women. Mean age was 58.8 (11–91) years. 224 had previously been operated for the acetabular fracture, 328 had been treated non-operatively. Mean follow up time was 8.7 (1–29) years. Implant survival at 10 years was 79.7% (75.6–83.3) and at 20 years 62.4% (55.5–69.3). The hazard ratio for revision was 1.38 (1.07–1.77, p < 0.001) compared to the OA cohort, regardless of operative or non-operative treatment of the index acetabular fracture. Uncemented acetabular components had an increased risk of revision with hazard ratio for revision 1.61 ( p = 0.012).

Conclusions:

THA following an acetabular fracture can be performed with acceptable results regarding implant survival, however, we report an increased risk for revision when compared to primary OA. Our results indicate that previous operative fracture treatment does not increase the risk for THA revision compared to cases treated non-operatively.
Beyond research excellence: A proposal for complementary evaluative practices in management and organisation studies
Authors: Lindebaum Dirk , Hibbert Paul
Published: November 2023

In this essay, we question evaluative practices concerning ‘scientific excellence’ as solely captured in so-called ‘A journals’, because they can entail a disconnection between the measure and its contents. Where this occurs, we start writing for our own immediate ‘survival’ and long-term social standing among our peers. Along the way, however, there is a risk that we lose sight of what ‘meaningful’ research can feel and look like. While research must be reliable or trustworthy, we advocate the use of complementary evaluative practices that involve learned societies, along with employee or employer-focused organisations and their assessment of the meaningfulness of published research in their respective contexts. Our proposal (a) encourages diverse forms of research contribution, (b) enables researchers to develop a collaborative approach that supports engagement and dialogue between researchers and the appropriate audiences for their work and (3) ensures that the impact of research can be developed more intentionally after publication.
Comparing super-utilizers and lower-utilizers among commercial- and Medicare-insured adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: MacEwan Sarah R. , Chiang ChienWei , O’Brien Sarah H. , Creary Susan , Lin Chyongchiou J. , Hyer J. Madison , Cronin Robert M.
Published: November 2023

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a rare but costly condition in the United States. Super-utilizers have been defined as a subset of the population with high health care encounters or expenditures. Although super-utilizers have been described in other disease states, little is known about super-utilizers among adults with SCD. This study aimed to characterize the differences in expenditures, overall health care encounters, and pain episode encounters between super-utilizers (top 10% expenditures) and lower-utilizers with SCD (high, top 10%-24.9%; moderate, 25%-49.9%; and low, bottom 50% expenditures). A retrospective longitudinal cohort of adults with SCD were identified using validated algorithms in MarketScan and Medicare claim databases from 2016 to 2020. Encounters and expenditures were analyzed from inpatient, outpatient, and emergency department settings. Differences in encounters and expenditures between lower-utilizers and super-utilizers were compared using logistic regression. Among super-utilizers, differences in encounters and expenditures were compared according to incidences of pain episode encounters. The study population included 5666 patients with commercial insurance and 8600 with Medicare. Adjusted total annual health care expenditure was 43.46 times higher for super-utilizers than for low-utilizers among commercial-insured and 13.37 times higher in Medicare-insured patients. Among super-utilizers, there were patients with few pain episode encounters who had higher outpatient expenditures than patients with a high number of pain episode encounters. Our findings demonstrate the contribution of expensive outpatient care among SCD super-utilizers, in which analyses of high expenditure have largely focused on short-term care. Future studies are needed to better understand super-utilizers in the SCD population to inform the effective use of preventive interventions and/or curative therapies.
Nebulised granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Munsif Maitri , Sweeney Duncan , Leong Tracy L. , Stirling Rob G.
Published: November 2023

Background:

Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP) results from impaired macrophage-mediated clearance of alveolar surfactant lipoproteins. Whole lung lavage has been the first-line treatment but recent reports suggest the efficacy of granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). We aimed to review the efficacy and safety of nebulised GM-CSF in aPAP.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis searching Embase, CINAHL, MEDLINE and Cochrane Collaborative databases (1946–1 April 2022). Studies included patients aged >18 years with aPAP receiving nebulised GM-CSF treatment and a comparator cohort. Exclusion criteria included secondary or congenital pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, GM–CSF allergy, active infection or other serious medical conditions. The protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021231328). Outcomes assessed were St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), 6-min walk test (6MWT), gas exchange (diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) % predicted) and arterial–alveolar oxygen gradient.

Results:

Six studies were identified for review and three for meta-analysis, revealing that SGRQ score (mean difference −8.09, 95% CI −11.88– −4.3, p<0.0001), functional capacity (6MWT) (mean difference 21.72 m, 95% CI −2.76–46.19 m, p=0.08), gas diffusion (DLCO% predicted) (mean difference 5.09%, 95% CI 2.05–8.13%, p=0.001) and arterial–alveolar oxygen gradient (mean difference −4.36 mmHg, 95% CI −7.19– −1.52 mmHg, p=0.003) all significantly improved in GM-CSF-treated patients with minor statistical heterogeneity (I2=0%). No serious trial-related adverse events were reported.

Conclusions:

Patients with aPAP treated with inhaled GM-CSF demonstrated significant improvements in symptoms, dyspnoea scores, lung function, gas exchange and radiology indices after treatment with nebulised GM-CSF of varying duration. There is an important need to review comparative effectiveness and patient choice in key clinical outcomes between the current standard of care, whole lung lavage, with the noninvasive treatment of nebulised GM-CSF in aPAP.