bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bullying among University Students: Types and Relationship with Psychosomatic Complaints: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors:   Al al-Bayt University, Abdullah Alkhawaldeh , Aljezawi Mean , ALBashtawy, Mohammed
Published: June 2024

Background: Bullying has both immediate as well as long-term effects on the psychological adjustment and outcomes. Bullying in educational institutions is a problem in every nation in this world. Purpose: This study aims to determine the most common types of bullying and their association with psychosomatic complaints among university students in Jordan. Methods: This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional research design. The convenience sampling method was utilized for participant selection from two public universities and one private university in Jordan. The California Bully Victimization Scale-Retrospective and the Psychosomatic Problems Scale were used. Results: Among the 350 students surveyed, verbal bullying, particularly being provoked or called derogatory names, emerged as the most prevalent type among Jordanian university students, with a mean score of 1.73. The study identified that all psychosomatic complaints exhibited a strong statistical association with variable bullying, with sleep problems being the most commonly reported issue (M=2.24). Conclusion: This study found that the most common type of bullying behavior among university students in Jordan was verbal bullying. Additionally, participants in the study mentioned that sleep problems are the most common psychosomatic complaint. Implications for Nursing: Educational institutions, academic employers, and community health nurses should prioritize anti-bullying educational programs to support students' well-being and bolster the role of nurses in fostering a safer and more inclusive learning environment. Keywords: Bullying, University students, Psychosomatic complaints, Jordan.
Bentham's Utilitarianism Ethical Theory and Its Application in the Triage System: A Scholarly Philosophical Paper
Authors:   Al-Balqa Applied University, Irbid, Jordan., Al-Zu’bi Basheer , Ababneh Amal , Altarawneh Fourat
Published: June 2024

Background: Jeremy Bentham introduced Utilitarianism, which is one of the normative ethical theories that impose procedures that maximize happiness and well-being for all intended individuals. Utilitarianism has been applied to the crisis of global poverty, the ethics of raising animals for food, and social welfare economics. Purpose: This study aims to apply Bentham’s utilitarianism ethical theory in the triage system. Methods: In the current paper, we study the application of the concept of utilitarianism in the triage system in disasters as an example of a nursing healthcare system. Results: Utilitarianism is a practical framework for the triage system during crises and pandemics. It represents an important style of thought in modern life. Conclusion: Utilitarianism could be applied in some situations, such as pandemics and crises. However, it has some limitations related to being unable to apply some principles of human rights and social justice. Implications for Nursing: This paper underscores nurses' crucial role in navigating ethical dilemmas in the triage system, advocating for a practical framework grounded in the utilitarianism ethical theory. Nursing institutions should establish clear guidelines and provide ongoing training to equip nurses with the skills needed for effective ethical decision-making in resources care environments. Keywords: Jeremy Bentham, Utilitarianism, Triage system, Nursing, Philosophy.
Embedding Community-Based Circular Economy Initiatives in a Polycentric Waste Governance System: A Case Study
Authors: Istiyani Ambar , Handayani Widhi
Published: June 2024

This research explores the approach of embedding community-based initiatives in practicing circular economy based on a case study of waste bank movement in Salatiga, Central Java, and explains how the waste banks interact with multi sectors and levels. Data is gathered from documentary studies, in-depth interviews, and observations; and analyzed with a polycentric governance approach, which sheds light on cross-organizational collaborative arrangements. The study results show that the community-based circular economy initiatives through waste banks in Salatiga result from either a top-down approach that the municipal government instructs or a bottom-up approach that Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and communities initiate. Thus it is significant to note that CSOs play essential roles in waste management, and it completes the model proposed by the previous study. The study findings also show that embedding community-based waste management through waste banks in Salatiga can enhance broader circular economy practices, strengthen the linkages across sectors and levels, and balance the authorities in a polycentric waste governance system. Therefore, waste banks must be recognized as reliable institutions governing waste, especially in urban areas.
Divergent population dynamics: The case of the inner city of Riga
Authors: Balode Sindija , Krišjāne Zaiga
Published: June 2024

Population dynamics shape the spatial landscape of Europe. Although broadly studied, both suburban sprawl and inner-city reurbanisation have often been treated in isolation. Furthermore, these processes manifest distinctively across different local contexts. This research aimed to explore the population dynamics in the inner city of Riga from 2011 to 2021, contrasting them with the bordering municipalities of Riga, and to analyze how these dynamics align with the urban development model. Covering 58 neighborhoods and 7 bordering municipalities of Riga, the analysis revealed a shift in the trajectory of inner-city population dynamics during the latter half of the decade, which was finally characterized by growth. However, suburbanisation continued to outpace reurbanisation, indicating the coexistence of multiple urban development model stages.
Acetate derived from the intestinal tract has a critical role in maintaining skeletal muscle mass and strength in mice
Authors: Kobayashi Saki , Morino Katsutaro , Okamoto Takuya , Tanaka Mitsumi , Ida Shogo , Ohashi Natsuko , Murata Koichiro , Yanagimachi Tsuyoshi , Sakai Juro , Maegawa Hiroshi , Fujita Yukihiro , Kume Shinji
Published: June 2024

Acetate is a short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) that is produced by microbiota in the intestinal tract. It is an important nutrient for the intestinal epithelium, but also has a high plasma concentration and is used in the various tissues. Acetate is involved in endurance exercise, but its role in resistance exercise remains unclear. To investigate this, mice were administered either multiple antibiotics with and without oral acetate supplementation or fed a low‐fiber diet. Antibiotic treatment for 2 weeks significantly reduced grip strength and the cross‐sectional area (CSA) of muscle fiber compared with the control group. Intestinal concentrations of SCFAs were reduced in the antibiotic‐treated group. Oral administration of acetate with antibiotics prevented antibiotic‐induced weakness of skeletal muscle and reduced CSA of muscle fiber. Similarly, a low‐fiber diet for 1 year significantly reduced the CSA of muscle fiber and fecal and plasma acetate concentrations. To investigate the role of acetate as an energy source, acetyl‐CoA synthase 2 knockout mice were used. These mice had a shorter lifespan, reduced skeletal muscle mass and smaller CSA of muscle fiber than their wild type littermates. In conclusion, acetate derived from the intestinal microbiome can contribute to maintaining skeletal muscle performance.
The best approximation of a given function in L
2-norm by Lipschitz functions with gradient constraint
Authors: Buccheri Stefano , Leonori Tommaso , Rossi Julio D.
Published: June 2024

The starting point of this paper is the study of the asymptotic behavior, as

p
→
∞

{p\to\infty}

, of the following minimization problem:

min
⁡

{

1
p

⁢

∫
Ω

|

∇
⁡
v

|

p

+

1
2

⁢

∫
Ω

(

v
-
f

)

2

,

v
∈

W

1
,
p

⁢

(
Ω
)

}

.

\min\biggl{\{}\frac{1}{p}\int_{\Omega}|\nabla v|^{p}+\frac{1}{2}\int_{\Omega}(%
v-f)^{2},\quad v\in W^{1,p}(\Omega)\biggr{\}}.

We show that the limit problem provides the best approximation, in the

L
2

{L^{2}}

-norm, of the datum f among all Lipschitz functions with Lipschitz constant less or equal than one. Moreover, such an approximation verifies a suitable PDE
in the viscosity sense. After the analysis of the model problem above, we consider the asymptotic behavior of a related family of nonvariational equations and, finally, we also deal with some functionals involving the

(

N
-
1

)

{(N-1)}

-Hausdorff measure of the jump set of the function.
Shanghai hukou, English and politics of mobility in China’s globalising economy
Authors: Gong Eleanor Yue
Published: June 2024

Amidst Shanghai’s transformation into a global metropolis and the resulting influx of internal migration, obtaining Shanghai hukou remains a challenging yet highly coveted socioeconomic aspiration. Simply earning high incomes, even for middle-class migrants, falls short of ensuring the desired level of geographical and social mobility. This article draws from a sociolinguistic ethnography conducted within a Shanghai-based multinational corporation, where migrant employees are compelled to strategise around English proficiency as a form of cultural capital to position themselves as valued neoliberal worker-citizens, driven by ambitions of career advancement and privileged hukou attainment. It argues that in China’s globalising economy, English not only enables multinational companies to stratify employees and select ideal internationalised human capital but also expedites migrant professionals’ acquisition of Shanghai hukou – a symbol of upward mobility in China. By delving into tensions and inequalities at work, this study demonstrates how English, the language of global capitalism, aligns the migrants’ interest in solidifying their middle-class status with Shanghai’s agenda of becoming an Asian-Pacific economic hub.
Neural network quaternion-based controller for port-Hamiltonian system
Authors: Alsaadi Fawaz E. , Serrano Fernando E. , Batrancea Larissa M.
Published: June 2024

In this research article, a control approach for port-Hamiltonian PH systems based in a neural network (NN) quaternion-based control strategy is presented. First, the dynamics is converted by the implementation of a Poisson bracket in order to facilitate the mathematical model in order to obtain a feasible formulation for the controller design based on quaternion NNs. In this study, two controllers for this kind of of system are presented: the first one consists in the controller design for a PH system about its equilibrium points taking into consideration the position and momentum. This mean is achieved by dividing the quaternion neural controller into scalar and vectorial parts to facilitate the controller derivation by selecting a Lyapunov functional. The second control strategy consists in designing the trajectory tracking controller, in which a reference moment is considered in order to drive this variable to the final desired position according to a reference variable; again, a Lyapunov functional is implemented to obtain the desired control law. It is important to mention that both controllers take into advantage that the energy consideration and that the representation of many physical systems could be implemented in quaternions. Besides the angular velocity, trajectory tracking of a three-phase induction motor is presented as a third numerical experiment. Two numerical experiments are presented to validate the theoretical results evinced in this study. Finally, a discussion and conclusion section is provided.
Endpoint prediction of BOF steelmaking based on state-of-the-art machine learning and deep learning algorithms
Authors: Xie Tian-yi , Zhang Fei , Zhang Jun-guo , Xiang Yong-guang , Wang Yi-xin
Published: June 2024

To enhance the efficiency and sustainability, technical preparations were made for eliminating the Temperature, Sample, Oxygen test of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking process in this work. Utilizing data from 13,528 heats and state-of-the-art (SOTA) machine learning (ML) and deep learning algorithms, data-driven models with different types of inputs were developed, marking the first use of time series data (off-gas profiles and blowing practice related curves) for BOF steelmaking’s endpoint prediction, and the tabular features were expanded to 45. The prediction targets are molten steel’s concentrations of phosphorus (Endpoint [P], %) and carbon (Endpoint [C], %), and temperature (Endpoint-Temp, °C). The optimal models for each target were implemented at a Hesteel Group’s BOF steelmaking facility. Initially, SOTA ML models (XGBoost, LightGBM, Catboost, TabNet) were employed to predict Endpoint [P]/[C]/Temp with tabular data. The best mean absolute errors (MAE) achieved were 2.276 × 10−3% (Catboost), 6.916 × 10−3% (Catboost), and 7.955°C (LightGBM), respectively, which surpassed the conventional models’ performance. The prediction MAEs of the conventional models with the same inputs for Endpoint [P]/[C]/Temp were 3.158 × 10−3%, 7.534 × 10−3%, and 9.150°C (Back Propagation neural network) and 2.710 × 10−3%, 7.316 × 10−3%, and 8.310°C (Support Vector Regression). Subsequently, predictions were explored to be made using SOTA time series analysis models (1D ResCNN, TCN, OmniScaleCNN, eXplainable Convolutional neural network (XCM), Time-Series Transformer, LSTM-FCN, D-linear) with the original time series data and SOTA image analysis models (Pre-activation ResNet, DenseNet, DLA, Dual path networks (DPN), GoogleNet, Vision Transformer) with resized time series data. Finally, the concat-model and the paral-model architectures were designed for making predictions with both tabular data and time series data. It was determined that the concat-Model with TCN and ResCNN as the backbone exhibited the highest accuracy. It’s MAE for predicting Endpoint [P]/[C]/Temp reaches 2.153 × 10−3%, 6.413 × 10−3%, and 5.780°C, respectively, with field test’s MAE at 2.394 × 10−3%, 6.231 × 10−3%, and 7.679°C. Detailed results of the importance analysis for tabular data and time series are provided.
The application of curriculum recommendation algorithm in the driving mechanism of industry–teaching integration in colleges and universities under the background of education reform
Authors: Shen Yu , Yang Xiaojiang
Published: June 2024

At present, there is a poor connection between theory and practice in the driving mechanism of industry–teaching integration in colleges and universities. And with the increasing courses, the recommendation accuracy of the recommendation algorithm has also decreased. Therefore, the research built a teaching platform of the Internet of Things (IoT) based on the integration of industry and education and improved its internal online education course recommendation algorithm. Meanwhile, experiments verified its performance. The experimental results show that the response time of several important interfaces is maintained between 0 and 300 ms. In the verification experiment of the improved algorithm for building the rule engine, when the rules are 50, the traditional Rete algorithm takes the most time. In terms of total time consumption, the traditional Rete algorithm takes more time than the improved Rete algorithm. The mean absolute error of the User-Characteristics and Interest Clustering (CCIC) algorithm is 0.8116, the root mean square error is 0.9455, the accuracy is 0.3043, and the recall is 0.1475, which are better than the comparison algorithms. In the recommendation of actual agricultural courses, the overall satisfaction of the User-CCIC algorithm is more than 70%, with good prediction accuracy. In general, the IoT education platform based on the combination of industry and education established by this research has better application prospects, and the User-CCIC algorithm recommended by this research has a good practical effect in actual course recommendation.
From comparative to causal relations: the case of siccome ‘because’ in the history of Italian
Authors: Sanfelici Emanuela , Rodeghiero Sira
Published: June 2024

This article investigates how adverbial causal clauses come into being by tracking the diachronic development of the lexical item siccome ‘because’ from Old to Contemporary Italian. We show that adverbial causal clauses introduced by siccome in Contemporary Italian originate from comparative-similative clauses. By describing the steps of this diachronic change, we demonstrate that in specific contexts the comparative-similative marker has paved the way for a comparison between two events entailing a causal relation. The change is formalized by adopting a free relative clause analysis (Cinque 2020a. On the double-headed analysis of “headless” relative clauses. In Ludovico Franco & Paolo Lorusso (eds.), Linguistic variation: Structure and interpretation, 169–196. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter) to comparative and causal clauses.
An improved white shark optimizer algorithm used to optimize the structural parameters of the oil pad in the hydrostatic bearing
Authors: Feng Yanan , Yu Xiaodong , Gao Weicheng , Wang Junfeng , Jia Wentao , Jiao Jianhua
Published: June 2024

An improved white shark optimizer (MWSO) algorithm has been proposed. The algorithm adopts an improved tent chaotic mapping strategy to enhance the diversity of the initial population of white sharks, introduces the balance pool strategy of the EO algorithm to improve the convergence speed and accuracy of the algorithm, applies adaptive t-distribution dynamic selection probability perturbation to the global optimal solution, and adjusts the exploration and development ability of the algorithm at different iteration periods. MWSO, WSO, and seven excellent metaheuristic algorithms are tested and compared on 23 classic test functions and the CEC2017 test suite, and two non-parametric tests, a Wilcoxon rank sum test with a significance level of 0.05 and Friedman test, are conducted. The statistical results indicate that the proposed MWSO is significantly superior to other algorithms. In addition, nine algorithms are applied for the first time to optimize the structural parameters of the oil sealing edge of oil pads in response to the issue of the bearing capacity of hydrostatic bearings. This not only further verified the superiority of MWSO, but also provided new ideas for the optimization of hydrostatic bearings.
Anticorrosion performance of a zinc-rich cycloaliphatic epoxy resin coating containing CeO2 nanoparticle
Authors: Karbasian Soroush , Danaee Iman , Saebnoori Ehsan , Zarei Davood , Bahrami Panah Niloufar , Akbari Majid
Published: June 2024

In this work, to promote the cathodic and barrier performance of zinc-rich cycloaliphatic epoxy resin (ZRER) coatings containing 90 wt.% zinc dust particles, cerium oxide nanoparticles were used. The effect of CeO2 content 0–5 wt.% and the anticorrosion behavior of nanocomposite coatings were investigated by different techniques, including open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and salt spray tests. Results revealed that ZRER coatings containing 2 wt.% CeO2 nanoparticles had boosted sacrificial anode and barrier protection during immersion in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The addition of 2 wt.% CeO2 into the coating system significantly reduced corrosion products and blisters while increasing resistances from 72,443 Ω cm2 to 426,579 Ω cm2 compared with the control ZRER sample after 120 days immersion. This high-performance anticorrosion behavior of the nanocomposite coatings is mostly due to the CeO2 nanoparticles, which have the capability to moderate the zinc dissolution rate in addition to improving the barrier by filling porosity and creating tortuous paths.
Scale-3 Haar wavelet-based method of fractal-fractional differential equations with power law kernel and exponential decay kernel
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Kaur Amanpreet , Singh Palwinder
Published: June 2024

In this study, wavelet method has been proposed to solve fractal-fractional differential equations (FFDEs) with power law kernel (FFDPL) and exponential decay kernel (FFDED). The proposed method is based on scale 3 Haar wavelets with collocation method, and fractional integral operational matrices for derivatives of Caputo and Caputo–Fabrizio sense are derived to solve FFDPL and FFDED. The applicability of the proposed method is shown by solving some numerical examples, and the obtained results are compared with available solutions in the literature. The solutions are presented in the graphical and tabular forms also.
The role of greenhouse gases in radiative equilibrium – Thermodynamic evaluation
Authors: Ullmann Helmut , Bülow Martin
Published: June 2024

The significance of greenhouse gases for climate change is assessed in the case of carbon dioxide on the basis of thermodynamic data. According to the values of the molar heat capacity, no increased heat-storing property of this greenhouse gas can be determined. The absorption and desorption of infrared radiation by the greenhouse gases is seen as a reversible dynamic process, which on the one hand reduces the IR radiation from the Sun, and on the other hand, delays the re-radiation from the Earth. As converters of heat into IR photons and vice versa, the greenhouse gases play an important role in balancing the radiation. The direction of heat transport in the atmosphere is determined by the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics. The range of IR radiation is determined according to the gradation of air pressure in the atmosphere.
The effects of public sector employment on the economy
Authors:   University of Sassari, Caponi Vincenzo , Nobili Simone ,   University of Cagliari
Published: June 2024

Public sector jobs are established by governments to directly provide goods and services. Governments, however, may also choose to regulate the size of the public sector in order to stabilize targeted national employment levels. However, economic research suggests that these effects are uncertain and critically depend on how public wages are determined. Rigid public sector wages lead to perverse effects on private employment, while flexible public wages lead to a stabilizing effect. Public employment also has important productivity and redistributive effects.
Analysis of Concentric and Eccentric Power in Flywheel Exercises Depending on the Subjects' Strength Level and Body Mass
Authors: Asencio Pablo , García-Valverde Adrián , Albaladejo-García Carlos , Beato Marco , Moreno Francisco J. , Sabido Rafael
Published: June 2024

Asencio, P, García-Valverde, A, Albaladejo-García, C, Beato, M, Moreno-Hernández, FJ, and Sabido, R. Analysis of concentric and eccentric power in flywheel exercises depending on the subjects’ strength level and body mass. J Strength Cond Res 38(8): 1394–1400, 2024—The objective of this study is to describe how flywheel exercise mechanical outputs are affected by the athletes' body mass (BM) and strength level and by the exercise type. Forty-six recreational athletes came to a laboratory 3 times. On the first day, descriptive data, squat (1 repetition maximum: 1RM) and flywheel familiarization were performed. After a second day of familiarization, subjects performed a randomized flywheel exercise-testing protocol of squat and split squat exercises. The variables used for data analysis were peak concentric power and peak eccentric power, eccentric/concentric ratio, and their relationship with 1RM/BM. Subjects were assigned to a stronger or weaker group according to their 1RM/BM ratio. Group differences were found in absolute values of eccentric overload (EOL) (p < 0.01; effect size [ES] = 0.51) and EOL/BM (p < 0.01; ES = 0.46) only in the split squat. Absolute power values in the concentric phase showed differences between inertial load (p < 0.01; ES = 0.41). The stronger group did not present significant differences between inertial loads during squat (p < 0.01; ES = 0.46), but they showed different ratios with light inertias in comparison with the weaker group (p < 0.01; ES = 0.46). There were significant differences between groups with light inertias in split squat (nondominant) and squat exercises (p < 0.05; ES = 0.29) in the eccentric and concentric phases (p < 0.116; ES = 0.20). Squat and split squat exercises present different profiles depending on the training level. In conclusion, it is recommended that practitioners perform a test to understand the inertial load–power profile (concentric, eccentric, and their ratio) for each exercise and also consider the user's strength level for selection of the inertial load and for the exercise to use in training.
Impact of Anaerobic Exercise Integrated Into Regular Training on Experienced Judo Athletes: Running Vs. Repetitive Throws
Authors: Kamandulis Sigitas , Dudėnienė Lolita , Snieckus Audrius , Kniubaite Audinga , Mickevicius Mantas , Lukonaitiene Inga , Venckunas Tomas , Stasiule Loreta , Stasiulis Arvydas
Published: June 2024

Kamandulis, S, Dudėnienė, L, Snieckus, A, Kniubaite, A, Mickevicius, M, Lukonaitiene, I, Venckunas, T, Stasiule, L, and Stasiulis, A. Impact of anaerobic exercise integrated into regular training on experienced judo athletes: running vs. repetitive throws. J Strength Cond Res 38(9): e489–e495, 2024—Anaerobic training in high-level athletes is of considerable interest to practitioners aiming to optimize performance. This study compared the impact of interval anaerobic training (IAT) sessions consisting of either high-intensity running or throwing that were performed twice a week together with regular judo training on the anaerobic and aerobic performance of experienced judo athletes. Employing a repeated-measures, counterbalancing, research design, 12 national team judo athletes (7 women and 5 men; mean age, 20.4 ± 0.95 years; mean judo training experience, 13.4 ± 1.4 years; competitive level, black belt first and second Dan) performed each IAT modality for 6 weeks, for a full training cycle of 12 weeks. Assessments of their anaerobic fitness (Cunningham and Faulkner Anaerobic Treadmill Test), sport-specific anaerobic fitness (Special Judo Fitness Test [SJFT]), and aerobic capacity (maximal incremental treadmill running test) were performed before, after 6 weeks, and after 12 weeks of training. The uphill running performance improved by 13.1% over the 12-week period (p = 0.047). Simultaneously, there was a 9.0% improvement in the SJFT index and a 6.9% increase in the number of throws (p = 0.011 and p = 0.017, respectively). Although a trend for throwing drills being more effective than interval sprint running was observed, the interaction effect lacked statistical significance (p = 0.074). Moreover, no substantial changes were noted in aerobic endurance markers. In conclusion, this study suggests that incorporating specific and nonspecific high-intensity drills into a routine training regimen may enhance anaerobic capacity among well-trained judo athletes, potentially leading to favorable competitive outcomes.
The role of leadership in managing digital transformation: A systematic literature review
Authors: Rakovic Lazar , Maric Slobodan , Djordjevic Milutinovic Lena , Vukovic Vuk , Bjekic Radmila
Published: June 2024

Digital transformation should not be seen as a time-bound project, but rather as a process that needs to be continuously improved and managed over time. In the absence of leadership, digital transformation will occur spontaneously in an organisation, but it is necessary to monitor and manage the process itself to achieve the goal and establish a digital organisation. A person who leads the digital transformation must possess the appropriate competencies. Leadership competencies, especially the combination of digital and human skills, are crucial to the development and success of the digital transformation process. The authors of this article identify a vaguely described process of digital transformation as the main research problem, highlighting the need for the systematisation of leadership competencies necessary for effective digital transformation management. In this regard, the research objectives are to define and describe the process of digital transformation and identify the leadership competencies necessary for successful management of the digital transformation process. In order to achieve the objectives of the paper, a systematic literature review was conducted for the period 2001–2022 and 90 papers were identified based on the criteria outlined by the Web of Science and Scopus index databases. The identified papers were then analysed from the aspect of defining digital transformation, the activities of the digital transformation process, and the characteristics of digital leadership. Following a thorough analysis of the selected literature, the paper provides a comprehensive definition of digital transformation, proposes a framework for its management, and analyses the key competencies of digital transformation leaders (digital leaders), which together make up the paper’s main contribution. The paper can be used not only as a starting point for future research in this area, but also as initial guidelines for the implementation and management of the digital transformation process. The systematic literature review conducted has certain limitations. Only two, albeit the largest, citation databases were searched, and only papers in English were identified. The established framework should be verified and expanded through empirical research.
Building Missionary-Philanthropic Educational Networks: A Medical School for Women in Constantinople
Authors: Türeli Ipek
Published: June 2024

The American College for Girls in Constantinople has been credited with playing a significant role in Turkish women’s emancipation and the feminist movement. From its humble origins in a small overseas mission, the institution evolved by 1914 into a U.S.-style college with a campus sponsored by leading American philanthropists. The designs were intended to impress visitors and to control the women students’ bodies, and, as such, were contested by the women at the helm of the institution. By examining the correspondence among various actors involved in the project, as well as the architects’ drawings, this article traces the building process of the campus with a focus on its lesser-known and unrealized medical school. It argues that the building process helped the American women educators of the ACG to establish an educational network that offered them opportunities unavailable to them in the United States.
Determinants of Effective Tax Rate: Empirical Evidence From Selected Manufacturing Industries in Bangladesh
Authors: Sharif Md. Jamil , Khan Shawrin Ahmed
Published: June 2024

Purpose: The objective of this study is to conduct an empirical investigation of financial and operational firm specific factors that have an impact on the effective tax rate (ETR) for Bangladeshi manufacturing firms operating in a variety of industries.
Method: The study solely focused on three different production industries: Pharmaceuticals and Chemicals, Engineering, and Ceramics. At least six years’ set of panel data have been collected from each industry between 2016 and 2021 in order to conduct an analysis of the panel corrected standard error model (PCSE). Thus, the PCSE model is used to conduct an analysis on a total of 265 observations derived from 44 different company listed in DSE.
Findings: Out of eight financial and operational factors, firm size and profitability has a significant positive correlation with ETR in practically every sector separately and collectively. The findings are supported by political cost theory that suggests large firms have to pay more taxes due to political attention. One exception has been found regarding Ceramics sector where firm size has insignificant negative impact on ETR. This is reinforced by the political power theory, which states that politically influential corporations are less likely to voluntarily pay taxes because of the incentives provided by the power they wield in politics. On the other hand, Interest coverage ratio, Interest to sales ratio, capital intensity, firm age leverage has also significant impact on the effective tax rate in both model ETR1 and ETR2 differently across sectors. This study also concludes that there is variation among industry to industry and little bit of year indicators.
Novelty: The study investigates the factors of manufacturing companies empirically and contributes to the variety of taxation issues among various manufacturing sectors. According to the authors’ best knowledge, there has been very little research on taxes, hence this study is a completely new contribution to Bangladesh’s manufacturing sector.
Keywords: Effective Tax Rate; Dhaka Stock Exchange; Political Cost Theory; Political Power Theory
Managing Diversity in Indonesia the Role of Local Elites in a Plural Society in Religion
Authors: Legowo Martinus , Sadewo Fransiscus Xaverius Sri , Maliki Zainuddin
Published: June 2024

Diversity is a condition that is so in new countries after the second world wars. Therefore, they develop strategies to integrate and minimize differences, from the use of repressive means to the means of hegemony. In a situation of globalization, it is not entirely successful. By taking three local communities in East Java, this study shows that local communities have different strategies from the state. Local elites develop strategies by mixing mythology, developing rules of play in public spaces to superstructure networks.
Farmerâ€™s Local Wisdom in Agricultural Land Conservation of Dieng Area
Authors: Setyowati Dewi Liesnoor , Benardi Andi Irwan , Widyastiti Ririh , Arsal Thriwaty
Published: June 2024

Dieng area is one of potato producer areas. Land clearing for potato crops has increased land damage. Communities have local wisdom that has not applied by potato farmers. The research aims to find out farmer participation in performing land conservation local wisdom. Purposive sampling is used as a sampling technique with sample indicators consist of people who do farming, knowledgeable people, and young generation. The research location is Sembungan Village that dominates by high slope land and Dieng Kulon Village, which is a flat land. The research samples comprise 60 respondents of 1,428 populations. Data collection technique was done using questionnaire, interview, and observation, whereas data analysis method used percentage frequency. The research result indicates that the forms of farmersâ€™ local wisdom in land conservation include nyabuk gunung, tumpang sari (intercropping), selokan dalam (deep gutter), galengan berbatu/rumput (stony/grassy small dikes), a day-related myth, and manure. Regarding farmer participation in Sambungan Village, 52.31% participate less in conservation according to local wisdom. Based on Conservation Activity Index (Indeks Kegiatan Konservasi/IKK), 47.69% farmers did not participate in land conservation. According to the index, only 23.59% farmers in Dieng Kulon Village perform land conservation.Â
Matrilineal Paradox in Semende and Minangkabau Culture
Authors: Arifin Zainal
Published: June 2024

Minangkabau and Semende are a community with a very strong matrilineal kinship system, where one of its characteristics is that power and control of resources are in the hands of women. Following their matrilineal system, decision making on property division (inheritance) is given to the eldest child, who in the case of Semende is called tunggu tubang. In the Minangkabau and Semende communities, the customary provision that places women as central power and control of resources ultimately generates a paradox. Traditionally, the power and control of resources are in the hands of women, but in empirical reality (social practice), these are controlled and supervised by the men in the community. Through ethnographic research methods, this paradox is understood by deeply investigating the knowledge structure of actors in these two societies about what and how these customs (adat) are understood and applied in their lives. The research findings show that the paradox is a result of the existence of ambiguous customary provisions, in which power and control of resources are handed over to women, but these provisions also open opportunities for men to take authority over matters. These customary provisions then spark male political movement to redefine these provisions in order to have power over matters as well. This suggests that in matrilineal societies or societies where women empowerment andÂ influences are dominant, the potential of men to strengthen their authority and control over matters tend to occur frequently, which ultimately lead to matrilineal paradox.
Debye temperatures and nanostructuring of polyurethane auxetics
Authors: Shevchuk T.M. , Bordyuk M.A. , Mashchenko V.A. , Krivtsov V.V. , Mashchenko L.V.
Published: June 2024

Based on experimental values of longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic wave propagation velocities and surface Rayleigh wave velocities were calculated phonon energies and Debye limiting frequencies and temperatures were determined of metal-filled polyurethane auxetics samples. Modeling the structural formations of such systems and obtaining the value of the lattice and Grüneisen acoustic parameter made it possible to find the root-mean-square displacement of the atomic groups of the macromolecule, as well as the limits of forced elasticity, shear deformation, and deformation of the interstructural bond. The relationship between Debye frequencies (temperatures) and Poisson's ratio, Grüneisen parameter, was established. A quantum-mechanical approach to the movement of electrons, atomic groups of macromolecules, thermal and sound phonons made it possible to estimate the size of nanoformations in the composition. The theoretical values of Poisson's ratio obtained based on models of polymer auxetics and processes of propagation of ultrasonic waves in such systems are analyzed.
Characterization of digestive proteases and glycosidases in Lucilia eximia (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae: Insights into Dipteran enzymatic processes
Authors: Filippis Thelma de , Barros Veruska Cavalcanti , de Melo Alan Lane , Pereira Marcos Horácio , Gontijo Nelder de Figueiredo
Published: June 2024

Larvae of Lucilia eximia typically cause secondary myiasis, although they may induce primary myiasis in cats, dogs, and rabbits, possibly transitioning to strict parasitism. To gain a deeper understanding of its physiology larvae were fed with pH indicator dyes mixed with fresh fish to determine the pH of each region of the digestive tract. Glycosidase and protease activities were assessed in homogenates prepared from salivary glands and sections of the digestive tracts of third instar larvae. Excreted/secreted products were extracted from larval-digested fresh fish. Trypsin was the only protease detected in the midgut, absent in salivary glands. Predominant glycosidases identified were α-D-mannosidase and α-D-glucosidase, showing high activity in the midgut and only trace amounts in salivary glands. Lysozyme activity was high in the midgut but low in salivary glands, diverticulum, and excreted/secreted products. This study identifies the major digestive enzymes of L. eximia larvae.
ANTICANCER IMMUNOGENIC POTENTIAL OF ONCOLYTIC PEPTIDES: RECENT ADVANCES AND NEW PROSPECTS
Authors: KHRANOVSKA N. , SKACHKOVA O. , GORBACH O. , SEMCHUK I. , SHVETS Yu. , KOMAROV I.
Published: June 2024

Oncolytic peptides are derived from natural host defense peptides/antimicrobial peptides produced in a wide variety of life forms. Over the past two decades, they have attracted much attention in both basic research and clinical applications. Oncolytic peptides were expected to act primarily on tumor cells and also trigger the immunogenic cell death. Their ability in the tumor microenvironment remodeling and potentiating the anticancer immunity has long been ignored. Despite the promising results, clinical application of oncolytic peptides is still hindered by their unsatisfactory bioactivity and toxicity to normal cells. To ensure safer therapy, various approaches are being developed. The idea of the Ukrainian research group was to equip peptide molecules with a "molecular photoswitch" — a diarylethene fragment capable of photoisomerization, allowing for the localized photoactivation of peptides within tumors reducing side effects. Such oncolytic peptides that may induce the membrane lysis-mediated cancer cell death and subsequent anticancer immune responses in combination with the low toxicity to normal cells have provided a new paradigm for cancer therapy. This review gives an overview of the broad effects and perspectives of oncolytic peptides in anticancer immunity highlighting the potential issues related to the use of oncolytic peptides in cancer immunotherapy. We summarize the current status of research on peptide-based tumor immunotherapy in combination with other therapies including immune checkpoint inhibitors, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy.
EXPRESSION OF SPP1 AND SPARC GENES IN TUMOR TISSUE OF PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER
Authors: CHEKHUN V. , PAVLOVA A. , ZADVORNYI T. , BORIKUN T. , NALESKINA L. , MUSHII O. , BAZAS V. , LUKIANOVA N.
Published: June 2024

Background. Breast cancer (BCa) is one of the most common oncological diseases in women in Ukraine and worldwide, which determines the need to search for new diagnostic and prognostic markers. In this aspect, the study of multicellular proteins, in particular osteopontin (OPN) and osteonectin (ON), in BCа tissue is relevant. The aim of the work was to investigate the expression of SPP1 and SPARC at the mRNA and protein levels in BCa tissue and to assess their relationship with the main clinicopathological BCa characteristics and the survival rates of patients. Materials and Methods. The work was based on the analysis of the results of the examination and treatment of 60 patients with stage II—III BCa and 15 patients with breast fibroadenomas. SPP1 and SPARC mRNA levels were determined by real-time PCR. The study of the expression of protein products of the SPP1 and SPARC genes was carried out by the immunohistochemical method. Results. We have established that the BCa tissue was characterized by 3.5 (p < 0.05) and 7.4 (p < 0.05) lower levels of SPP1 and SPARC mRNA, respectively, compared to the tissue of benign neoplasms, while OPN and ON expression levels were 1.6 (p < 0.05) and 5.6 (p < 0.05) times higher, respectively, compared to fibroadenoma tissue. The analysis of the relationship between the expression of SPP1 and SPARC at the protein and mRNA levels in BCa tissue and the main clinicopathological BCa characteristics revealed its dependence on the presence of metastases in regional lymph nodes, differentiation grade, and the molecular BCa subtype. Also, high expression levels of SPP1 and OPN were associated with worse patient survival rates. Conclusion. The obtained results indicate the perspective of using SPP1 and SPARC expression indices in BCa tissue to assess the aggressiveness of the cancer course and optimize the tactics of treating patients.
HOLOTHURIA SCABRA METHANOL EXTRACT INHIBITS CANCER GROWTH THROUGH TGF-β/PI3K/PTEN SIGNALING PATHWAY IN BREAST CANCER MICE MODEL
Authors: RATNAWATI HANA , WARGASETIA TERESA LILIANA , LARISSA LARISSA , ALVITRI LIANA , BRYANT KEANE
Published: June 2024

Background. Molecules and cytokines can be targeted in cancer therapy. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a cytokine that acts on protein kinase receptors in the plasma membrane. The signaling pathway of TGF-β can trigger the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, a signal transduction pathway important in cancer growth and development. However, this PI3K/AKT cascade can be inhibited by phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) tumor suppressor genes. Aim. To determine the inhibitory effect of Holothuria scabra methanol extract (HSE) on breast cancer growth through the TGF-β/PI3K pathways and PTEN tumor suppressor gene on a breast cancer (BC) mice model. Materials and Methods. Female C57BL6 mice were subcutaneously injected with carcinogen DMBA 1 mg/kg body weight (BW) and fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6): negative control (NC) administered with a standard diet, positive control (PC) administered with DMBA and HFD, and three treatment groups (T1, T2, and T3) treated with HSE doses of 0.33, 0.66, and 0.99 g/kg BW for 12 weeks. TGF-β concentration in the blood serum of mice was assessed by ELISA and the PIK3CA and PTEN gene expression by qRT-PCR. Results. The treatment with HSE resulted in a significant decrease in TGF-β concentrations in the blood sera of treatment groups T1 (35.31 ± 17.33), T2 (43.31 ± 17.42), and T3 (48.67 ± 20.94) pg/mL compared to the PC group (162.09 ± 11.60) pg/mL (p < 0.001). However, only HSE at a dose of 0.99 g/kg BW decreased the PIK3CA gene expression (p = 0.026), and at a dose of 0.66 g/kg BW increased the PTEN expression up to 4.93-fold. Conclusion. HSE is capable of inhibiting the TGF-β/PIK3CA pathway and increasing the PTEN gene expression.
Evaluating Biomarkers as Tools for Early Detection and Prognosis of Heart Failure: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Alzaabi Moza A , Abdelsalam Amin , Alhammadi Majid , Hani Hasan Bani , Almheiri Ali , Al Matrooshi Nadya , Al Zaman Khaled
Published: June 2024

There is a high prevalence of heart failure (HF) worldwide, which has significant consequences for healthcare costs, patient death and quality of life. Therefore, there has been much focus on finding and using biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognostication and therapy of HF. This overview of the research presents a thorough examination of the current state of HF biomarkers and their many uses. Their function in diagnosing HF, gauging its severity and monitoring its response to therapy are all discussed. Particularly promising in HF diagnosis and risk stratification are the cardiac-specific biomarkers, B-type natriuretic peptide and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide. Markers of oxidative stress, extracellular matrix, renal function, inflammation and cardiac peptides have shown promise in evaluating HF severity and prognosis. MicroRNAs and insulin-like growth factor are two emerging biomarkers that have shown potential in helping with HF diagnosis and prognosis.
La documentación de la performance en el siglo XXI. Revisión y ampliación de conceptos. La imagen como trofeo y la imagen posproducida
Authors: Montijano Cañellas Marc
Published: June 2024

La manera en la que nos llega la documentación de la performance no es algo casual y analizar sus cualidades nos puede ayudar a comprender mejor la obra. En este estudio, examinamos y reflexionamos sobre las principales opiniones en este campo, de Amelia Jones, Peggy Phelan, Philip Auslander y Erika Fischer-Lichte. Junto a esta revisión, planteamos una ampliación y actualización de conceptos, con base en las nuevas necesidades surgidas en el arte de acción actual, tales como nuevas tipologías, nuevos medios, nuevos usos y nuevas circunstancias de la performance.
El arte en la Enciclopedia y la base sistemática de la estética hegeliana.
Authors: Debernardi Cárcamo Italo Angelo
Published: June 2024

El presente trabajo se propone exponer el carácter problemático de la base sistemática de la estética hegeliana desarrollada en la Enciclopedia a partir del análisis de algunas de sus temáticas centrales y de las modificaciones que sufren en las tres ediciones de esta obra. Primero se examina la definición enciclopédica del ideal y la noción de obra de arte contenida en ella. Luego se aborda la disputada cuestión de la autonomización del arte respecto de la religión. Finalmente, se analiza la intuición como medio propio del arte y las consiguientes determinaciones del mismo, a saber: la inmediatez y la finitud.