bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre-harvest Sprouting Tolerance of Triticale Genotypes in Brazil
Authors: Fernandes Carlos Henrique dos Santos , Arruda Klever Márcio Antunes , Fonseca Inês Cristina Batista da , Zucareli Claudemir , Buratto Juliana Sawada
Published: December 2020

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) represents one of the main factors, which causes yield, technological and physiological losses in triticale seeds (X Triticosecale Wittmack). This work aimed to rate the variability and identify potential pre-harvest sprouting tolerant sources in triticale genotypes. Based on that, 32 triticale and three wheat genotypes were sown in 2016, 2017 and 2018 growing seasons, in Londrina-PR, Brazil. After the ears harvesting, these were submitted to simulate raining, for sprouting induction, through nebulization in a greenhouse. After nebulization, ears were sun dried, later hand threshed to determain, grain germination percentage (GERM) and hectoliter weight (HW). Additionally, it was determined grains HW of ears, whom were not submitted to nebulization, as well as the whole meal flour falling number (FN). The experiment design was completely randomized design, with two replications, and the experimental unit was made of 20 ears. The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scott-Knott test. Frontana, ND 674 and Quartzo are a source of tolerance to PHS in wheat. In triticale genotypes, genetic variability was observed for GERM, FN, and HW prior and after nebulization. The triticale genotypes BRS Netuno, BRS Saturno, TCL 15116, X 092181, Tiguera 1 and Tiguera 8, where tolerant towards PHS.
Characterization of Maasai Goats in Extensive Production System in Northern Tanzania: Description of Phenotype, Reproductive and Productive Performance
Authors: Hyera Emil , Nguluma Athumani S. , Nziku Zabron C. , Shirima Eligy J. M. , Mashingo Maria-Salome H. , Lobo Raimundo N. B. , Getachew Tesfaye , Rischkowsky Barbara , Haile Aynalem
Published: December 2020

The study was designed to offer information on phenotype, reproductive and productive features of Maasai goats for amelioration in breeding programs utilizing these animals. Live measurements and qualitative traits were collected from 75 bucks and 165 does. A detailed survey was used to acquire information on reproductive and productive traits. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and General Linear Model procedures for age and sex as main effects. The results revealed that body weight, heart girth, chest depth, rump width, head length, head width and horn length differed (p < 0.05) among age groups. Body weight increased from young to old age and ranged from 25.83 kg to 30.34 kg. Body length, heart girth, head length, head width and cannon bone length were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in bucks than does. Plain white was the foremost coat color manifested. Nearly, 76% of bucks and 78.2% of does had straight short hairs. Beards were in 80% of bucks and 9.1% of does. All goats had short and erect ears; whereas, more than 88% had horns, 48% of the horns were curved, 33.1% lateral and 18.1% straight. Almost 76% and 83.6% of the horns in bucks and does, respectively, were pointing backward. In both sexes, facial profile was mainly concave, back profile was straight and wattles were absent. Twinning rate, age at sexual maturity, age at first kidding, kidding interval and lactation length were averaged at 8.7%, 11 months, 16.7 months, 7.7 months and 82.3 days; whereas, pre weaning kid survival rate was 77.1% and 79.9% for dry and rainy season, respectively. The strain was comparatively similar to most African indigenous goat populations. Thus, the strain can be utilized through selection for the traits preferred for the arid and semi-arid tropics.
Utjecaj gljiva roda Trichoderma na rast patogene gljive Hymenoscyphus fraxineus u dvojnim kulturama
Authors: Kranjec Orlović Jelena , Jocić Dorotea , Diminić Danko
Published: December 2020

Poljski jasen (Fraxinus angustifolia), važna pionirska vrsta drveća u poplavnim šumama u Hrvatskoj, posljednjih godina pokazuje sve izraženije simptome odumiranja, za koje je jedan od odgovornih čimbenika patogena gljiva Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Istraživanja pokazuju da postoji mogućnost biološke kontrole patogena uporabom endofita, gljiva koje se prirodno nalaze u zdravom biljnom tkivu i koje ne uzrokuju vidljive simptome bolesti, a čiji je velik broj potvrđen i u poljskom i običnom jasenu (F. excelsior). U ovom je istraživanju ispitan antagonistički učinak triju vrsta: Trichoderma capillare, T. harzianum i T. tomentosum, jer su prijašnja istraživanja pokazala kako su pripadnici ovoga roda najučestaliji endofiti poljskoga jasena u Hrvatskoj. U tu su svrhu postavljene dvojne kulture dvaju izolata gljive H. fraxineus s po jednim izolatom svake vrste roda Trichoderma, u kojima je mjeren rast patogena te bilježen tip međusobne interakcije. Također su uspostavljene i kontrolne kulture te kulture za praćenje samoinhibicije patogena. Rezultati su pokazali kako tri korištene vrste roda Trichoderma mogu inhibirati rast patogena in vitro, pri čemu su T. harzianum i T. tomentosum pokazale veći antagonizam s obzirom na tip ostvarene interakcije. Unatoč pozitivnim rezultatima potrebna su daljnja istraživanja, u prvom redu in planta, za potvrdu učinkovitosti vrsta roda Trichoderma u inhibiciji gljive H. fraxineus izvan laboratorijskih uvjeta.
Hacia una Psicología Social y Crítica del deporte
Authors: Soto-Lagos Rodrigo , Pozo-Gómez Luiz , Romero Alvarez Pablo
Published: December 2020

Tradicionalmente la Psicología del Deporte se ha sostenido a partir de la perspectiva cognitiva conductual de la disciplina. Este enfoque ha orientado su trabajo sobre las “habilidades psicológicas” de índole cognitiva de los deportistas, basando su trabajo en la objetividad y en la neutralidad. Este artículo propone una crítica a la visión cognitiva conductual de la Psicología del deporte por medio de una comparación con la Psicología Social Crítica del deporte. Este contraste se realiza en función de seis dimensiones: ontología, epistemología, objeto de estudio, visión de sujeto, enfoque y metodología. Finalmente, luego de la comparación, se sugiere repensar el rol de psicólogo o psicóloga del deporte; desarrollar un cuerpo teórico que permita generar nuevas preguntas que faciliten el abordaje de nuevos problemas; y reinterpretar las técnicas tradicionales y construir nuevas formas para intervenir en el trabajo práctico con deportistas, equipos, entrenadores, y cualquier otro sujeto deportivo.
Organ accompaniment in silent films, part 1 – the process of cinematic art creation
Authors: Presseisen Filip
Published: December 2020

The idea to write music for silent films, both in a form of written-down scores and composed live has experienced its renaissance for more than ten years. Thanks to a quite decent number of preserved theatre instruments and also due to the globalisation and wide data flow options connected with it, the knowledge and interest in Anglo-Saxon tradition of organ accompaniment in cinema were able to spread away from its place of origin. The article is the first part of four attempts to present the phenomenon of combination of the art of organ improvisation with cinematography and it was based on the fragments of the doctoral thesis entitled “Current methods of organ improvisation as performance means in the accompaniment for silent films based on the selected musical and visual work”. The dissertation was written under the supervision of prof. dr hab. Elżbieta Karolak and was defended at the Ignacy Jan Paderewski Academy of Music in Poznań in 2020. The article touches on the initial phase of the development of silent cinema from 1895 to 1909. Having differentiated the terms of typical organ improvisation and the art of improvisation for silent films, the article describes the development of cinema art. From the praxinoscope invented by Émile Reynaud, through the cinematograph and the Kinetoscope (Dickson), Vitascope (Jenkins and Armat) and Bioscop (Skladanowsky brothers), it finally discusses the process how the Lumière brothers invented the cinematograph. It its further part, it presents the development of cinematography based on the improvements in theatre introduced by Méliès. The whole text serves as a basis for more parts of the article touching on the issues of the sound added to silent films and the creation of the theatre type of the pipe organ.
Controversial societal issues in education: Explorations of moral, critical and didactical implications
Authors: Larsson Anna , Lindström Niclas
Published: December 2020

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Comparing trading behaviour and profit composition in prediction markets
Authors: Waitz Martin , Mild Andreas
Published: December 2020

Prediction markets have established itself as forecasting technique, especially within the IT industry. While the majority of existing studies focuses either on the output of such markets or its design settings, the traders who actually produce the forecasts got only little attention yet. Within this work, we develop a classification scheme for traders of a prediction market that is grounded on both, financial and prediction market literature. Over a period of three years, 127 prediction markets have been observed and its 4.329 traders are separated into seven subgroups (beginners, noise traders, average traders, experts, donkey traders, market makers and superior traders), based on their knowledge, experience and selectivity. We find empirical evidence for the existence of these subgroups and thus for the heterogeneity among the traders. For each of these subgroups, we analyze the trading behaviour and the profit composition.
The Environmental Influence of Tax Regimes in Selected European Union Economies
Authors: Ganda Fortune , Garidzirai Rufaro
Published: December 2020

Eurostat and the European Environmental Agency have in 2019 reported there is still need to continue implementing zero-carbon practices in European Union (EU) Countries although there has been a noted decrease of 22% in emissions when compared to their 1990 levels. This paper employed a system-Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) framework to evaluate the environmental impacts of tax systems in selected 28 EU economies from 2010 to 2017. The results of the study proved that aggregate environmental tax is not effectively lowering greenhouse gas emissions as expected, although it improves environmental sustainability. Possibly the environment tax revenue collected in the European Union countries was not used to enhance energy efficiency; hence it could not lower greenhouse gas emissions. The other findings demonstrate that when environmental tax is disaggregated (energy tax and transport tax) these instruments have been more efficient in lessening emissions and also improves environmental sustainability (in the case of transport tax). The paper, therefore, highlights the importance of adopting green tax instruments which are more focused and harmonising directly with environmental goals for EU economies.
Ethical Home
Authors: Lanphier Elizabeth ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2020

I argue for a conception of moral community as “ethical home,” in which home is a hybrid public and private concept, cohered through members’ complicit participation in the formation and endorsement of the community’s values and practices. In this essay I present and defend three premises that comprise my argument for this conception of moral community as an ethical home. First, I make a case for why “home” is an apt conception of moral community, defining the features of home relevant to my claim, and clarifying which connotations of home I am abandoning by modifying home to be an “ethical” home. Second, I illustrate how when the concept of moral community is conceptualized as an ethical home, it is formed and defined by a community’s practices of moral self-definition, that occur within the ethical home-making process. Third, I claim that the process of ethical home-making, through moral self-definition around cohering values and practices, renders members of an ethical home as both rights holders within the ethical home, and as having shared responsibility for their fellow ethical home members.
Sensitivity of CESEE countries' export of differentiated products to exchange rate changes
Authors: Đorđević-Zorić Aleksandra
Published: December 2020

The research aims to examine the effects of exchange rate changes on the value of bilateral export of differentiated products in the selected CESEE countries, while controlling the impact of traditional gravity variables. Identifying the determinants that affect the export of high value-added products is of particular importance for this group of countries, while analyzing the effects of exchange rate changes is a contribution to the previous researches. In order to comprehensively understand the relationship between the observed variables, a quantile panel regeression was used to estimate the gravity equation. Examining the heterogeneity of the impact of exchange rate changes and other selected trade factors along the export distribution is another contribution of the paper, given that bilateral trade researches are usually based on assessing the average impact. The results indicate that the CESEE countries' export of differentiated products is significantly influenced by exchange rate changes. Exchange rate volatility has a negative impact, which grows at higher levels of export. The heterogeneity of the impact depending on export level was also confirmed for other determinants discussed in the paper.
Paraneoplastic syndrome as a possible cause of pulmonary thromboembolism in a female patient with nephrotic syndrome: Case report
Authors: Mrgud Jasmina , Jevrić Ana , Vlatković Vlastimir , Gašić Branislav
Published: December 2020

A 59-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital due to suffocation, lower leg swelling, and general weakness. She had been treated previously with immunosuppressive therapy for several years because of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with nephrotic syndrome. The expected therapeutic response was not accomplished. Upon admission, the following were determined in the laboratory: hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia and nephrotic range proteinuria. X-ray of the lungs showed bilateral pleural effusion, because of which a pleural puncture was performed and which drained 800 mL of fluid. Tumor markers test, breast echosonography and mammography were performed, along with bone scintigraphy, which was done upon the recommendation of an oncologist. Mammography described microcalcifications bilaterally while bone scintigraphy showed pathological accumulation of radiopharmaceuticals in the V thoracic vertebra and sternum corpus, and III and IV ribs on the left. On the fifth day of hospitalization, there was a deterioration of patient's general condition with hypotension, tachycardia and angina, as well as an increase in D-dimer. On the ECG sinus rhythm, f 80 / min, low voltage in standard and unipolar leads. Upon the recommendation of a cardiologist, CT was performed according to the program for pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), which showed submassive PTE. Low molecular weight heparin therapy was used, along with oxygen therapy with dopaminergics, bronchodilators, human albumin and plasma infusions, statins and transient treatment of hypervolemia by means of hemodialysis. The patient was hospitalized for 61 days due to multiorgan dysfunction. Breast magnetic resonance imaging was not performed due to the poor general condition of the patient. Most likely it was breast cancer with secondary deposits, which was recognized late. PTE, as a probable consequence of paraneoplastic nephrotic syndrome, was diagnosed and treated in a timely manner.
El ocaso de la izquierda peronista en la Universidad de Buenos Aires: internas y debates ante la Ley Taiana 1973 - 1974
Authors: Dip Nicolás
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo busca analizar los posicionamientos de los sectores estudiantiles, docentes e intelectuales porteños de la izquierda peronista ante la sanción de la Ley Universitaria 20.654 durante la última presidencia de Juan Domingo Perón. Agrupaciones como la Juventud Universitaria Peronista y la Agrupación Docente Universitaria Peronista, ligadas a la Juventud Peronista Regionales y Montoneros, formaron parte de un debate controvertido que terminó en la aprobación de la normativa el 14 de marzo de 1974. Ésta incorporaba parte de sus demandas sobre cómo organizar la universidad e incluso aceptaba la propuesta de la Unión Cívica Radical para que los rectores fueran elegidos por la misma comunidad académica. Pero, a la vez, otorgaba herramientas legales que permitían combatir al activismo político universitario y creaba un terreno fértil para el fortalecimiento de los sectores más reaccionarios y represivos. En todo este proceso no estuvieron ausentes las internas políticas más amplias del escenario nacional y distintas lecturas de los legados de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918. En este marco, el estudio espera demostrar que la sanción de la Ley Taiana puede entenderse como el ocaso de la izquierda peronista en la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA).
Palabras clave: Argentina - Historia. Izquierda (Política) - Argentina. Universidades - Argentina. Estudiantes Actividad política
A contribuição da filosofia de Gaston Bachelard na educação para a imaginação
Authors: Araújo Alberto Filipe , De Almeida Rogério
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é propor, em confluência com a filosofia de Gaston Bachelard, uma pedagogia do não inspirada na figura do cogito do sonhador para refletir sobre uma educação para a imaginação. Parte-se da filosofia do não de Bachelard para a construção de uma pedagogia do não, expressa como pedagogia do diálogo, que põe em relação complexa e complementar o conceito e a imagem, como prolongamentos do racionalismo aberto e da imaginação criadora. Na sequência, o cogito do sonhador é evocado para o estudo do devaneio e do imaginário, no quadro da imaginação material dos quatro elementos (terra, água, fogo e ar). Esses passos preambulares são necessários para se chegar à educação para a imaginação, cuja dimensão de Bildung se opera por meio da eufemização. Como função da imaginação, a eufemização tende a transfigurar o sofrimento, a morte e o nada em algo aceitável, não como negação, mas como dinamismo prospectivo que tenta melhorar a situação do homem no mundo. Exemplo desse dinamismo são as imagens literárias, com a polissemia e a polifonia que as caracterizam e as alçam ao domínio do estranho e da transgressão em relação à ordem do sentido primário. Desse modo, intenta-se mostrar como a pedagogia do não e o cogito do sonhador se articulam na proposição de uma educação para a imaginação pautada pela função de eufemização. São convocadas para este estudo, além da já mencionada filosofia de Gaston Bachelard, as contribuições teóricas de Gilbert Durand e Jean Jacques Wunenburger.
Tecnologia, ética e meio ambiente em Hans Jonas: um olhar responsável para o futuro
Authors: Dettoni Josenir Lopes , De Barba Clarides Henrich
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os elementos da relação entre Filosofia da Tecnologia e Ética Contemporânea a partir do pensamento de Hans Jonas, bem como sua aplicação ao problema ecológico que enfrentamos em nossos dias. Destacamos como Hans Jonas desenvolve uma consistente argumentação a respeito do avanço tecnológico, do decorrente aumento do poder de nossas ações e, consequentemente, da necessidade de uma nova ética voltada para o futuro capaz de lidar com essa inédita conjuntura. Também fazemos explanação das noções estruturais da Ética da Responsabilidade proposta por Jonas e suas implicações diretas no tema ambiental.
Los derechos de los pueblos indígenas de Colombia: luchas, contenido y relaciones
Authors: Rodríguez Gloria Amparo
Published: December 2020

Los pueblos indígenas gozan de los derechos humanos y libertades fundamentales consagrados en la Constitución Política, en el Convenio núm. 169 de 1989 de la OIT (ley 21 de 1991) y en otras normas reglamentarias. Sin embargo el Estado no han podido asimilar la diversidad cultural existente en nuestro país aunque colombiano tiene varias obligaciones orientadas a proteger los derechos de estos pueblos y a garantizar el respeto de su integridad que se constituyen actualmente en un reto para la gobernabilidad, la democracia y la ciudadanía. Es indispensable adelantar una acción coordinada y sistemática, con medidas que aseguren que dichos pueblos gocen de los derechos y oportunidades otorgadas al resto de la población y promover la efectividad de los derechos sociales, económicos y culturales de los que ellos son titulares. La escalada de los conflictos que actualmente se presenta en Colombia exige una respuesta urgente y eficaz, con políticas y controles que se traduzcan en el respeto de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas. Porque como lo propone la actora, no podemos desconocer que la solución de los problemas y la garantía de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas son un importante factor de la construcción de la paz en Colombia.
The Portevin-Le Chatelier effect in Al-Mg alloy investigated by infrared pyrometry
Authors: Cao Peng-Tao  , Zhang Qing-Chuan  , Xiao Rui  , Xiong Shao-Min  ,   中国科学技术大学中国科学院材料力学行为和设计重点实验室，合肥  230027
Published: December 2020

Plastic deformation is accompanied by the conversion of mechanical energy into heat. The deformation heterogeneity related to the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect （PLC） in Al-Mg alloy during a tensile test at ambient temperature is investigated through temperature field measurement by infrared pyrometry. Under different applied strain rates, three types of stress-strain curves （types A—C） are obtained respectively. Correspondingly, the similarities and differences of temperature-strain curves are compared and interpreted qualitatively. And the spatial propagating characteristics of the three types of PLC deformation bands are observed and analyzed. The temperature rise on the surface of the specimen increases with the increase of strain rate. And the obliquity of PLC band changes either at the ends of the specimen or at the highest temperature area outside the band.
First-principles studies of the phase transition and thermodynamic properties of AlAs
Authors: Wang Hai-Yan  , Cui Hong-Bao  , Li Chang-Yun  , Li Xu-Sheng  , Wang Kuang-Fei  ,   (1)河南理工大学材料科学与工程学院，焦作  454000; (2)河南理工大学材料科学与工程学院，焦作  454000；中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理重点实验室，绵阳  621900
Published: December 2020

We have investigated the phase transition, the structural and the thermodynamic properties of AlAs in three crystallographic structures, i.e. B3 （zinc blende）, B1 （rocksalt）, and B8 （nickel arsenide）, at high pressures by using the full-potential linearized muffin-tin orbital scheme in the framework of density functional theory. By taking the common tangent to the energy-volume curves of B3-B8 and B3-B1 structures, we obtain a pressure of about 5.44 GPa for the transition from B3 to B8 and forecast a transition pressure of about 6.46 GPa for the transition from B3 to B1. We have also investigated the structural properties of B8 under high pressures, the results show that c/a ratio keeps nearly constant （～0.2% fluctuation） when V/V0≈0.7—1.05; c/a ratio increases linearly with the value of V/V0 decreasing when V/V0≈0.4—0.7. The relation between relative volume V/V0 and pressure P is obtained by fitting equation of state （EOS）, and the EOS of B8 accords well with measurements. Finally according to quasi-harmonic Debye model the dependences of bulk module B on pressure P and heat capacity CV on temperature T under different pressures are successfully obtained.
Control of the photonic crystal waveguide over the beam profile of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers
Authors: Liu An-Jin  , Xing Ming-Xin  , Qu Hong-Wei  , Chen Wei  , Zhou Wen-Jun  , Zheng Wan-Hua  ,   中国科学院半导体研究所纳米光电子实验室，北京  100083
Published: December 2020

The control of the photonic crystal waveguide over the beam profile of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers is investigated. The symmetric slab waveguide model is adopted to analyze the control parameters of the beam profile in the photonic-crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser （PC-VCSEL）. The filling factor （the ratio of the hole diameter to the lattice constant） and the etching depth control the divergence angle of the PC-VCSEL, and the low filling factor and the shallow etching depth are beneficial to achieve the low-divergence-angle beam. Two types of PC-VCSELs with different filling factors and etching depths are designed and fabricated. The experimental results show that the device with a lower filling factor and a shallower etching depth has a lower divergence angle, which agrees well with the theoretical predictions.
Applications of spectral renormalization method to the research of nonlocal optical spatial soliton
Authors: Zheng Rui  , Gao Xing-Hui  , Cao Wei-Wen  , Chen Li-Xia  , Lu Da-Quan  , Guo Qi  , Wu Li-Jun  , Hu Wei  ,   (1)华南师范大学光子信息技术广东省高校重点实验室，广州  510006; (2)华南师范大学光子信息技术广东省高校重点实验室，广州  510006；广州大学机械与电气工程学院，广州  510006
Published: December 2020

We use spectral renormalization method to solve the nonlocal nonlinear Schrdinger equation, which gives accurate waveform of nonlocal optical spatial soliton. The relation between critical power and critical beamwidth is acquired in different nonlocal conditions. We discovered that optical spatial soliton exists stably in any nonlocal degree. Comparing analytic solution with numerical solution for different response functions, we find that they are consistent only under strong nonlocal and weak nonlocal conditions. The effective range of analytic solution is also given.
Fabrication of silicon inverse opal photonic crystal with a complete photonic band gap in mid infrared range and its optical properties
Authors: Li Yu-Jie  , Xie Kai  , Xu Jing  , Li Xiao-Dong  , Han Yu  ,   国防科学技术大学材料工程与应用化学系，长沙  410073
Published: December 2020

SiO2 colloidal crystal template was fabricated by the solvent vaporization convection self-assembly method. The low pressure chemical vapor deposition method was then used to fill the voids of the silica colloidal crystal template with high refractive index silicon, thus silicon inverse opal photonic crystal was obtained. The modality structure silicon inverse opal was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Its photonic bandgap structure was calculated based on plane wave expansion method. Its photonic bandgap properties were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that silicon is homogeneously distributed inside the voids of silica template. The wavelength and bandwidth of photonic bandgap measured by microscopic infrared spectrometer agree with the calculated one. The tilt-angle reflectance spectra along the different incidence angles showed that the refection peaks with the band center wavelength of 3319 nm always existed. This result proved that silicon inverse opal has the complete photonic bandgap. The bandgap lies in the range of mid infrared atmosphere window.
Electronic structure and phase transformation in ZnSe: An ab initio study
Authors: Ji Zheng-Hua  , Zeng Xiang-Hua  , Cen Jie-Ping  , Tan Ming-Qiu  ,   (1)扬州大学物理科学与技术学院，扬州  225002; (2)浙江大学物理系，杭州  310027
Published: December 2020

Geometric structures, density of states and band structures of zinc blend structure and rock salt structure of ZnSe at different pressures （from 0 to 20　GPa） have been calculated by means of plane wave pseudo-potential method with generalized gradient approximation. The structural phase transitions, elastic constants, bonding and electronic structures of ZnSe under pressure have been discussed. From the principle of enthalpy for the zincblende and rocksalt ZnSe, the pressure at the phase transition is 15.3　GPa, which is higher than the result of 11.52　GPa deduced from the elastic constants of the phase transition criterion. The change of phase to simple cubic has not been found at the pressure of 9.5　GPa; and the sp3 hybrid orbital has not been eliminated during the structure phase transition, while the 4s electronic state of Zn atom has a major contribution to the conductivity in rocksalt phase.
Analyses of laser-induced p-type doping of GaN in the improvement of light-emitting diodes
Authors: Xue Zheng-Qun  , Huang Sheng-Rong  , Zhang Bao-Ping  , Chen Chao  ,   (1)厦门大学物理系，厦门  361005; (2)厦门大学物理系，厦门  361005；福建省半导体照明中心，厦门  361005; (3)厦门三安电子有限公司，厦门  361005
Published: December 2020

We increase the hole concentration of the p-GaN contact layer of the epitaxial wafer of conventional GaN-based devices by laser-induced Zn doping. Improvement of the photoelectric property of light-emitting diodes （LED） is confirmed. Compared with LED with no laser-induced doping, the forward voltage under 20 mA current is decreased from 3.33 V to 3.13 V, the series resistance is decreased from 30.27 Ω to 20.27 Ω， and the degradation coefficient at room temperature is reduced from 1.68×10-4 to 1.34×10-4. In addition, the reverse leakage current of the LED is reduced from over 0.2 μA to less than 0.025 μA after an aging time of 1600 h by accelerated lifetime testing, and the lifetime is increased about 41％. These results are attributed to the improvement of p-type ohmic contact and the decrease of the thermal resistance due to laser-induced doping of Zn to the p-GaN contact layer.
Weak signal estimation in chaotic clutter using wavelet analysis and symmetric LS-SVM regression
Authors: Xing Hong-Yan  , Jin Tian-Li  ,   (1)南京信息工程大学，气象灾害省部共建教育部重点实验室，南京  210044；南京信息工程大学电子与信息工程学院，南京  210044; (2)南京信息工程大学电子与信息工程学院，南京  210044
Published: December 2020

This article examines the theory of phase space reconstruction in complicated nonlinear system and further proposes a new method，an advanced Least Square Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) model，to detect weak signals from a chaotic clutter. This method functions in following sequences：1) db3 wavelet decomposition of the signals，2) LS-SVM prediction，which includes increasing the symmetry constraint and improving the kernel function，3) Reconstruction. It is established a one-step predictive model that detects the weak signal，including transient signal and period signals，from the predictive error in the chaotic sequences. It is illustrated in the experiment，which is conducted to detect weak signals from Lorenz chaotic background and Sea Clutter，that this proposed method is highly effective to detect weak signals from a chaotic background as well as minimize the impact of noise on weak signals. Compare to conventional RBF neural network and LS-SVM models，the new method presents great value in prediction accuracy and detection threshold.
Partitioning and reconstruction problem of the wind in a limited region
Authors: Zhou Yu-Shu  , Cao Jie  ,   中国科学院大气物理研究所，北京  100029
Published: December 2020

Partitioning and reconstruction problem of the wind in a limited region is a useful diagnostic technology. From the non-divergent and non-rotational wind component, one can know more about the structures of meso-scale systems. The effective way to wind partitioning and reconstruction in a limited region is to calculate the stream function and velocity potential in the same limited region. When the reconstructed wind approachs the original one, it means the partitioning process is successful and the calculated stream function and velocity potential is accurate. The most commonly used partitioning methods in the past are summarized in this paper, and the harmonic-sine/cosine method is emphasized. Case study shows that the harmonic-sine/cosine method can partition and reconstruct the wind in a limited region, and its results are encouraging for studying the dynamical structures of meso-scale systems.
A new method for calculating the derivation of meteorological observational data
Authors: Wang Ye-Gui  , Cai Qi-Fa  , Huang Si-Xun  ,   (1)解放军理工大学气象学院，南京 211101; (2)中国科学院大气物理研究所，北京 100029
Published: December 2020

Meteorological observation data have observational errors inevitably. It is an ill-posed inverse problem to perform the derivation of discrete data with observation errors. In order to solve the perplexing problem, this paper puts forward the new algorithm which reconstructs the first-order partial derivatives of the two-dimensional observation data in the rectangular region， which is based on the idea of Tikhonov regularization . We test the performance of the algorithm with a series of simulating observation data, the results show that the algorithm is effective and has higher accuracy. It is feasible to analyze meteorological observation data with the algorithm and can enhance the recognizing ability for the small-scale weather systems.
The growth and spectral characteristics of BaWO4:Tm3+ single crystal
Authors: Zang Jing-Cun  , Zheng Kai  , Zou Yu-Lin  , Wu Jing-Peng  , Song Yan-Rong  , Liu Guo-Qing  , Feng Bao-Hua  , Zhang Dong-Xiang  , Liu Yu-Long  , Zhu Ke  ,   (1)北京工业大学材料科学与工程学院，北京  100124; (2)北京工业大学应用数理学院，北京  100124; (3)中国科学院物理研究所光物理开放实验室，北京  100190
Published: December 2020

The BaWO4:Tm3+ single crystals of optical quality have been grown by the Czochralski technique. The lattice parameters of crystals with different doping concentrations were determined by XRD. The absorption spectra were measured at room temperature. And the optical parameters, such as transition line intensity, oscillator strength and absorption section were calculated by using Juud-Ofelt theory. The three intensity parameters were fitted to be Ω2=404×10-20cm2， Ω4=0509×10-20cm2，Ω6=0134×10-20cm2， respectively. The lifetime, branching ratio and integrated stimulated-emission cross section were obtained. Ultra-visible fluorescence was measured and analyzed. The red up-conversion luminescence with wavelengths 689 nm and 704 nm corresponding to the transition from 3F3 to 3H6 was observed under Ti-sapphire laser and LD laser, respectively.
Research of bipolar amplification effect in single event transient
Authors: Liu Zheng  , Chen Shu-Ming  , Liang Bin  , Liu Bi-Wei  , Zhao Zhen-Yu  ,   国防科技大学计算机学院微电子与微处理器研究所，长沙  410073
Published: December 2020

Using 3-D mixed-mode simulation, bipolar amplification effect in an inverter chain of single event transient(SET) is studied, and compared with that in single NMOS. It is found that bipolar amplification component takes a large proportion in SET current pulse, but not in an inverter chain. The difference of source/substrate biases between them and the mechanism of amplification are explained, which validates the conclusion that bipolar amplification depends on the bias of source/substrate. The positive current component from source to drain and the mechanism of SET pulse are also studied, and results show that the source current change is positive in the plateau region because of the presence of carrier diffusion.
The leukocyte non-coding RNA landscape in critically ill patients with sepsis
Authors: Scicluna Brendon P , Uhel Fabrice , van Vught Lonneke A , Wiewel Maryse A , Hoogendijk Arie J , Baessman Ingelore , Franitza Marek , Nürnberg Peter , Horn Janneke , Cremer Olaf L , Bonten Marc J , Schultz Marcus J , van der Poll Tom ,   Molecular Diagnosis and Risk Stratification in Sepsis (MARS) consortium
Published: December 2020

The extent of non-coding RNA alterations in patients with sepsis and their relationship to clinical characteristics, soluble mediators of the host response to infection, as well as an advocated in vivo model of acute systemic inflammation is unknown. Here we obtained whole blood from 156 patients with sepsis and 82 healthy subjects among whom eight were challenged with lipopolysaccharide in a clinically controlled setting (human endotoxemia). Via next-generation microarray analysis of leukocyte RNA we found that long non-coding RNA and, to a lesser extent, small non-coding RNA were significantly altered in sepsis relative to health. Long non-coding RNA expression, but not small non-coding RNA, was largely recapitulated in human endotoxemia. Integrating RNA profiles and plasma protein levels revealed known as well as previously unobserved pathways, including non-sensory olfactory receptor activity. We provide a benchmark dissection of the blood leukocyte ‘regulome’ that can facilitate prioritization of future functional studies.
Distinct effects of complement and of NLRP3- and non-NLRP3 inflammasomes for choroidal neovascularization
Authors: Malsy Jakob , Alvarado Andrea C , Lamontagne Joseph O , Strittmatter Karin , Marneros Alexander G
Published: December 2020

NLRP3 inflammasome activation and complement-mediated inflammation have been implicated in promoting choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but central questions regarding their contributions to AMD pathogenesis remain unanswered. Key open questions are (1) whether NLRP3 inflammasome activation mainly in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) or rather in non-RPE cells promotes CNV, (2) whether inflammasome activation in CNV occurs via NLRP3 or also through NLRP3-independent mechanisms, and (3) whether complement activation induces inflammasome activation in CNV. Here we show in a neovascular AMD mouse model that NLRP3 inflammasome activation in non-RPE cells but not in RPE cells promotes CNV. We demonstrate that both NLRP3-dependent and NLRP3-independent inflammasome activation mechanisms induce CNV. Finally, we find that complement and inflammasomes promote CNV through independent mechanisms. Our findings uncover an unexpected role of non-NLRP3 inflammasomes for CNV and suggest that combination therapies targeting inflammasomes and complement may offer synergistic benefits to inhibit CNV.
Portanini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Peru: checklist with new records and descriptions of two new species
Authors: Santos Prando Jádila , Corrêa Gonçalves Clayton , Maeda Takiya Daniela
Published: December 2020

Portanini Linnavuori, 1959 is a small tribe of neotropical leafhoppers that includes two genera:PortanusBall, 1932 andMetacephalusDeLong & Martinson, 1973. Herein, a checklist of portanines from Peru is given, including several new species records for the country, elevating the known diversity from nine to 22 species. In addition, four species have their department ranges expanded in Peru. Two new portanine species are also described:Metacephalus mamaquillasp. nov.andPortanus tambopatasp. nov.both from Tambopata National Reserve, Madre de Dios, Peru and we make available habitus photos of other Portanini species from this reserve.
Exogenous melatonin improves salt stress adaptation of cotton seedlings by regulating active oxygen metabolism
Authors: Jiang Dan , Lu Bin , Liu Liantao , Duan Wenjing , Chen Li , Li Jin , Zhang Ke , Sun Hongchun , Zhang Yongjiang , Dong Hezhong , Li Cundong , Bai Zhiying
Published: December 2020

Melatonin is a small-molecule indole hormone that plays an important role in participating in biotic and abiotic stress resistance. Melatonin has been confirmed to promote the normal development of plants under adversity stress by mediating physiological regulation mechanisms. However, the mechanisms by which exogenous melatonin mediates salt tolerance via regulation of antioxidant activity and osmosis in cotton seedlings remain largely unknown. In this study, the regulatory effects of melatonin on reactive oxygen species (ROS), the antioxidant system, and osmotic modulators of cotton seedlings were determined under 0–500 µM melatonin treatments with salt stress induced by 150 mM NaCl treatment. Cotton seedlings under salt stress exhibited an inhibition of growth, excessive hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2−), and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulations in leaves, increased activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and elevated ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) content in leaves. However, the content of osmotic regulators (i.e., soluble sugars and proteins) in leaves was reduced under salt stress. This indicates high levels of ROS were produced, and the cell membrane was damaged. Additionally, osmotic regulatory substance content was reduced, resulting in osmotic stress, which seriously affected cotton seedling growth under salt stress. However, exogenous melatonin at different concentrations reduced the contents of H2O2, O2−, and MDA in cotton leaves, increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of reductive substances (i.e., AsA and GSH), and promoted the accumulation of osmotic regulatory substances in leaves under salt stress. These results suggest that melatonin can inhibit ROS production in cotton seedlings, improve the activity of the antioxidant enzyme system, raise the content of osmotic regulation substances, reduce the level of membrane lipid peroxidation, and protect the integrity of the lipid membrane under salt stress, which reduces damage caused by salt stress to seedlings and effectively enhances inhibition of salt stress on cotton seedling growth. These results indicate that 200 µM melatonin treatment has the best effect on the growth and salt tolerance of cotton seedlings.
Assédio moral sutil em uma organização pública do poder legislativo
Authors: Bretas Paula Fernandes Furbino , Caproni Neto Henrique Luiz , Moura-Paula Marcos Júnior
Published: December 2020

O objetivo neste artigo foi compreender a percepção de práticas de assédio moral e identificar as práticas que favorecem a ocorrência e o combate ao assédio moral na percepção dos trabalhadores de uma organização pública do Poder Legislativo. Amplia-se, assim, o estudo para além de universidades e órgãos do Poder Judiciário, que têm sido as organizações mais recorrentes nas análises. Os dados primários foram coletados mediante um questionário enviado via e-mail e analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo. Como principais achados de pesquisa, tem-se que os trabalhadores não reconhecem a característica de reiteração no conceito de assédio, o que nos faz reconhecer o conceito de violência interpessoal, e que um grande desafio refere-se à dificuldade de se comprovar situações de boicotes e silenciamentos, isto é, de assédio moral sutil. Concluímos que práticas violentas muitas vezes estão em um espectro de maior discricionariedade do gestor. Quanto maior esta, maior a dificuldade de comprovação do assédio moral que ocorre de forma sutil.
Antimicrobial Agents Administration among Patients with Extensively Drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in Intensive Care Unit in Tertiary Care: A Hospital-based Study
Authors: Woradet Somkiattiyos , Chaimay Bhunyabhadh , Putthanachot Nuntiput , Sangsa Narongchai , Sirisa Phatsaraporn
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Infections caused by Extensively Drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (XDR-PA) is a medical problem worldwide. In Thailand, the incidence of XDR-PA bacteremia remains and is continuously increasing.Aim: To investigate an association between antimicrobial agent administration and the treatment of XDR-PA infection among patients admitted in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Materials and Methods: A hospital-based analytic cross-sectional study was performed from January 2014 to December 2015. Of these, 47 cases diagnosed with XDR-PA bacteremia infection and 94 controls without XDR-PA infection were enrolled. Data were retrieved and retrospectively reviewed from medical records of the patients hospitalised in the ICU at Roi-Et Hospital, Thailand. Multiple logistic regressions were used and perform to investigate an association between antimicrobial agent administrations for treatment of XDR-PA infection. Results: Third generation Cephalosporin (OR=1.99; 95%CI: 1.22 to 4.13), Ciprofloxacin (OR=3.40; 95%CI: 1.24 to 9.49) and Carbapenem (OR=4.66; 95%CI: 2.04 to 10.64) were more likely to be administrated for treatment of XDR-PA infection among patients. Conclusion: Antimicrobial agents associated with the treatment of XDR-PA bacteremia infection among patients were third generation Cephalosporin, Ciprofloxacin and Carbapenem.
Effects of Pre-Procedure Activated Dimethacone on Mucosal Visibility during Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy:A Case-Control Study
Authors: Koushik AK , Saketh V , Ganesh P , Shanmughanathan S
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Dimethicone enhances diagnostic accuracy in Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Various regimens have been tried to ease the procedure for better mucosal visibility. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of activated dimethicone in improving endoscopic visibility. Materials and Methods: The present prospective study was carried out from February 2017 to February 2018 in a tertiary teaching hospital, Chennai, India. A total of 2917 patients aged 18-70 years were enrolled for this study. The participants were divided into group S (1540 patients) and group C (1377 patients). Group S received activated dimethicone 30 minutes before the procedure and group C underwent procedure without any pre-procedure preparation. The mucosal visibility score was evaluated in both the groups. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS statistics (version 23.0). Unpaired student’s t-test and Pearson Chi-Square test are used for statistical analysis of the data and in both, p<0.05 was considered as significant level. Results: The mucosal visibility score in oesophagus, stomach, antrum and duodenum was significantly better in group S patients compared to group C patients. Duration of endoscopy was significantly (p-value 0.0005) shorter (7.95 min) in the group S compared with the group C (8.17 min). The amount of flush used was on an average 3 mL less for group S than group C, which was also significant (p-value 0.0005). Conclusion: Activated dimethicone pre-preparation to EGD significantly increased the mucosal visibility during procedure and decreased the endoscopy duration.
Validation of the Hungarian Version of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination for Detecting Major and Mild Neurocognitive Disorders
Authors: Kaszás Beáta, , Fekete Judit,
Published: December 2020

Aim: The screening of cognitive decline is a mandatory step in the early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of dementia to begin. In order to achieve this, an easy-to-take, validated neurocognitive test with good specificity and sensitivity are essential in the assessment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Hungarian version of Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (version I., ACE)- by comparing it with the conventional Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)- as a new form of assessment in order to screen for early dementia among the elderly.

Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional.

Place and Duration of Study: This study is a part of a larger research, conducted among voluntary elderly from the city of Pécs (Hungary) between January 2016 and December 2018.

Methodology: The study refers to 66 patients with mild neurocognitive disorder (NCD), 51 patients with major NCD, and 133 healthy participants. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (version 5.) criteria were used for the diagnosis of dementia. Statistical analysis was performed using the receiver operator characteristics method.

Results: The optimal cut-off score for the ACE-I for detecting mild NCD was 82, with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 96%. The optimal cut-off for the ACE for identifying major NCD was 76 with sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 98%.

Conclusion: We concluded that the Hungarian version of the ACE is an accurate test for the detection of NCD, and could be adopted in various clinical practices.