bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problem Credit Debt of Ukrainian Banks: Current Status and Ways to overcome it
Authors:   Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University, Volkova Nelia , Vinhora Diana ,   Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University
Published: March 2021

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of problem about credit indebtedness of Ukrainian banks at the present stage and to identifying ways to overcome it. The article analyzes the loan portfolio of Ukrainian banks during 2014-2020. For the last five years, the banking system of Ukraine has been developing in the conditions of military conflict and permanent political and economic crisis. After the occupation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and certain regions of Donetsk and Luhansk, domestic commercial banks lost part of their assets that remained in the occupied territories. These events forced the National Bank of Ukraine to take measures to stabilize the credit system, which led to the withdrawal of a large number of insolvent banks from the market. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of credit debt problem of Ukrainian banks and to identify ways to neutralize it. Results. Based on statistical data, the dynamics of individual assets of Ukrainian banks, characterized by the discount rate as the main deterrent to lending, certain factors influencing the emergence of problem loans in a banking institution. Statistical data on the volume of lending to banking institutions by business entities and individuals in Ukraine are presented and analyzed. Based on the analysis, the main factors of increasing creditworthiness are investigated. Based on world experience, we offer ways to overcome the problematic team of domestic banks in the rear stabilization of the credit system. Conclusions. The conducted research confirmed the theoretical expediency and practical significance of the analysis of the current state of credit indebtedness problem of Ukrainian banks, which allows to determine the ways of its neutralization. The assessment of some indicators of banks’ activity revealed a number of factors that negatively affect the work with problem loans, namely: reduction in the number of banks (in particular, banks with foreign capital), reduction in lending, which is directly related to rising interest rates on loans, real incomes, the devaluation of the national currency and more. Each bank must develop a set of measures applicable to a particular category of problem loans, work out algorithms for the interaction of units in the event of certain signs, options for behavior depending on the degree of effectiveness of the measures applied. Implementation of the proposed banks in practice measures to reduce bad debts will be the subject of our further study.
Balance between Budget and Fiscal Policy: Empirical Evidence in South Sumatra Province
Authors:   Sriwijaya University, Gisela Syaputri Ayu Geby , Susetyo Didik ,   Sriwijaya University, Sukanto  ,   Sriwijaya University
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Current budget balance is one problem encountered by the government which aims are to make a country/region prosperous, fiscal policy is one of the government’s efforts to regulate budget balance. In the case of balance budget and personnel expenditure, many governments have not been able to implement fiscal policies properly so that budget imbalances often occur. This research was conducted to determine how the balance of the budget and its relationship with fiscal policy in South Sumatra Province cause in each district/city has a unique area so that inequality often occurs. The data used in this study are secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics and the Directorate General of Taxes and Finance. The data analysis method which was seduced was panel data regression. The results of this study are expected to be a reference material for further research and government considerations in planning budget expenditures in South Sumatra Province. Purpose. This study analyzes fiscal expenditure which includes balance funds and personnel expenditure and economic growth in budget balance in South Sumatra Province in 2009 – 2018. Results. The results of this study indicate that (1) the balance funds and personnel expenditure have a positive effect on budget imbalances in the Regency/City of South Sumatra Province, but the effect of the balance funds is not significant, (2) economic growth has a negative and significant effect on budget imbalances in South Sumatra Province. Conclusion. Based on the regression results of the balance fund variable, personnel expenditure and economic growth are the determining variables for the balance of the budget in South Sumatra Province because it is seen from the R Square value of 72.8 percent and the greatest influence of fiscal policy in determining the balance of a budget is personnel expenditure. The implications of the research results can be a strategy to regulate the balance of the budget in each district/city South Sumatra Province. In addition, by regulating sound fiscal policy by the government, we hope it can reduce the budget deficit and create budget balance.
Monitoring the Impact of Tax Avoidance on the State Budget of Ukraine
Authors:   Mykolayiv National Agrarian University, Lagodienko Natalia , Palamarchuk Victoriia ,   Mykolayiv National Agrarian University, Hamaiun Vladyslav ,   Mykolayiv National Agrarian University
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Due to unstable economic situation in the country, the constant state budget deficit, the high level of the shadow economy in Ukraine and the crisis in the world, it is necessary to develop effective mechanisms to combat tax evasion, improve tax legislation and reform the tax system. The level of tax evasion in Ukraine tends to increase steadily. Therefore, there is a need to study the problem of tax evasion in Ukraine and its impact on the economy. Purpose. The main purpose of the study is to monitor the impact of tax evasion on the state budget of Ukraine. Results. The impact of tax evasion on the state budget of Ukraine in the conditions of unstable economic situation was monitored. The regulatory framework of Ukraine on tax evasion is indicated. Schematically presents the composition of a criminal offense – tax evasion. The dynamics of revenues of the state and consolidated budgets of Ukraine are presented. The dynamics of tax revenues to the state and consolidated budgets of Ukraine is analyzed. The average indicators of revenues of the state and consolidated budgets, the average indicators of the share of tax revenues in the total revenues of the state and consolidated budgets of Ukraine during the study period are calculated. The main schemes of tax evasion in Ukraine and conditional losses from them for the state budget are studied. The level of tax burden in the state is determined and its dynamics are presented. It has been proven that tax evasion has a negative impact on Ukraine’s economy. Conclusions. We are convinced that the introduction of effective mechanisms to combat tax evasion, adaptation to modern conditions of digitalization, improvement and updating of tax legislation, increasing trust between taxpayers and the state, combating bureaucracy and corruption, reforming the tax system – all this will help educate Ukrainian citizens. tax responsible population, minimize opportunities for tax evasion, reduce accounts payable and the impact of creditors on the economy and political situation in the country, improve economic performance in the country, increase the level of economic and national security of Ukraine.
Conceptual Principles of Managing the Competitiveness of Ukraine’s Maritime Transport Infrastructure
Authors:   National University of Economics and Trade named after Mykhailo Tuhan-Baranovskyi, Lokhman Natalia , Stepanenko Vladyslav ,   National University of Economics and Trade named after Mykhailo Tuhan-Baranovskyi,
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Ensuring the Ukrainian maritime transport infrastructure competitiveness and its effective management should provide the timely improvement and harmonious development of the Ukrainian maritime transport infrastructure by following per under the world maritime transport market requirements based on rational and efficient management of the material complex at all operation and development stages. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to form the conceptual foundations for managing the competitiveness of the Ukrainian maritime transport infrastructure. Results. Summarized the key components of the conceptual foundations for managing the competitiveness of Ukraine’s maritime transport infrastructure, which takes into account the main strategic directions for improving the management of Ukraine’s maritime transport infrastructure. It is noted that for the efficient management of the maritime transport infrastructure, first of all, institutional support should be brought into line with the requirements of international standards. Based on the formed management concept by the Ukrainian maritime transport infrastructure, the means of achieving the tasks are determined and regulated by following per under the management functions. So, at the stage of forming a strategy for managing the competitiveness of the maritime transport infrastructure, the planning function is implemented, and at the stage implementation the functions of organization and motivation, control and coordination are performed. Conclusions. Based on the results of the study ensuring qualitative transformations in the management of the maritime transport infrastructure as an element of the Ukrainian transport infrastructure will be carried out by increasing the competitiveness of Ukraine’s maritime transport infrastructure based on reforming the system of the industry administration, acceleration of integration into the international transport network, development of innovative logistics systems and navigation controls.
Soil Fertility as a Criterion of Value Classification of Agricultural Land
Authors:   Sumy National Agrarian University, Makarova Viktoriia , Mykhaylov Andrii ,   Sumy National Agrarian University
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Soil fertility is the most important parameter that reflects the ecological condition of agricultural land. The complex of interconnected and interdependent properties that determines the natural fertility has certain differences on different types of soils. The constitutional properties of soils are practically not subject to significant changes in relatively short periods of time, while the dynamic-functional ones are quite variable under the influence of anthropogenic factors. In this regard, they have a different impact on the formation of the value of agricultural land. Price is the quantitative equivalent of assessing the right to own or use land resources, and value is an integrated indicator that determines both the set of properties of land resources and their qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Therefore, taking into account the fertility of land as a criterion for the value classification of agricultural land is beyond doubt. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to prove the importance of determining the value of land classification taking into account the fertility of the soil. In this article the presentation of proposals for predictive modeling of land relations is showed. Results. Humus is an essential organic element in which the main nutrients for crops are formed and stored, and therefore humus most accurately characterizes one or another type of productive agricultural soil. It is caused due to the deficit of humus balance in the soil that the value equivalent of agricultural lands significantly decreases. The disproportionate actions of man year by year lead to the transformation of the qualitative properties of productive soils with the loss of significant particles of humus. Direct impoverishment of lands occurs due to insufficient application of organic fertilizers, excessive plowing of rural landscapes, neglect of field crop rotations, and excessive removal of nutrients by commercial crops, reduction of organic residues entering the soil, etc. Conclusions. Genetic classification of land by origin, properties and characteristics is a platform for combining their value equivalent with certain rules and regulations of sustainable productive land use. Based on this, it is appropriate to define the “genetic approach” as a way to study certain phenomena, based not only on the analysis of their genesis, but also on the features of dynamic development associated with the manifestation of ecological and economic transformations in agricultural land use.
Organizational Culture as a Technology of Enterprise Management
Authors:   Mykolayiv National Agrarian University, Maksimenko Anna , Haidar Anna ,   Mykolayiv National Agrarian University
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Organizational culture is not only a tool for increasing staff motivation, butcontributes to the effectiveness of the organization, plays an important role in achieving both tactical and strategic prices of enterprises. Purpose. The article presents an analysis of the organizational culture of Grintur-Ex LLC (a grain terminal based on the Mylkolaiv commercial sea port), carried out by the author using the model of Daniel Denison Results.The processing of the obtained data allowed to analyze the organizational culture of the enterprise in terms of the main components of this method and to develop a list of measures and areas of their implementation. Conclusions. It is noted that the implementation of these activities is aimed at developing and improving the analyzed organization by increasing the value of employees, creating a culture of behavior and a favorable climate at the enterprise, focusing on the successful achievement of goals and competitive advantages.
Value Added Tax in the Aspect of Forming the Enterprise Accounting Policy
Authors:   Uman National University of Horticulture, Matros Olena , Melnyk Liudmyla ,   Uman National University of Horticulture, Mykhailovyna Svitlana ,   Uman National University of Horticulture
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Currently, indirect taxes play a crucial role in shaping the state’s Tax Policy and creating the legal basis for a market economy. In their composition; the value-added tax acts as one of the regulators of the redistribution of public goods and one of the main and stable sources of income to the budget; as well as a way to distribute the tax burden, which allows maintaining the economic and legal equality of taxpayers. Purpose. The aim of the research is to identify possible directions for improving the process of managing value added tax in terms of the forming the enterprise accounting policy. Results. The research has identified a number of problems on the chosen topic, including: the problem of practical application of the principle of undisputed tax credit and non-execution of court decisions; lack of predictability of changes in tax legislation; uncertainty of tax risks and possible measures to prevent them. Based on the outlined problems, opportunities have been assessed and the feasibility of reducing the tax burden on business entities under VAT has been determined. The significance of tax planning has been determined – it allows you to provide for the size of the tax obligation to be paid and control the correctness of its accrual. If new business conditions arise, planning allows you to analyze tax factors and take them into account in the process of implementing tax policy. Conclusions. The theory of taxation defines the essence and content of the tax policy of the enterprise in terms of value added tax; tax risk zones related to VAT payment have been investigated; the concept of tax risk as a special type of financial risk characterizing the possibility of unforeseen financial losses (collection of tax arrears; penalties for late payment of tax; collection of penalties; non-reimbursement of VAT at zero tax rate; inability to use VAT tax credit) related to changes in tax legislation or is the result of taxpayer activity or actions of tax authorities; proposed classification of types of tax risks by VAT depending on the reasons for their occurrence and proposed means of preventing risks associated with the calculation and payment of VAT.
Management of Innovation Implementation at the Enterprise
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Кyiv Polytechnic Institute», Merkulov Illia , Guk Olga ,   National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Кyiv Polytechnic Institute»
Published: March 2021

Introduction. At the current stage of the economy of Ukraine, there is a special significance in the development of problems of enterprises effective development. The main problems of industrial enterprises are connected with low consumption of their products, a high level of wear and tear of the main funds, a significant amount of costs for good service and for other reasons. On the current day, one of the main ways to improve the efficiency of organizational performance is to provide innovation. It is the introduction of innovations that will help enterprises to solve these problems. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to clarify the essence of the concept of “innovation implementation”, its role and significance for the activities of enterprises, as well as to describe the stages of implementation of innovation at the enterprise. Results. The article is devoted to the issue of innovation management in the enterprise. This paper, based on research by domestic and foreign scientists, considers the management of innovation in the enterprise, which emphasizes the importance of understanding the stages of the innovation process to achieve the effectiveness of innovative development of the enterprise. A brief overview of the stages of innovation implementation is presented and their characteristics are given. The issue of evaluating the effectiveness of innovations is considered and it is found that depending on the objectives of innovation, the results and costs taken into account, the effect on economic, scientific and technical, resource, social, environmental can be classified.The authors also consider the approach to the introduction of innovations in the enterprise in relation to the innovation load. There are three stages of innovative development of the enterprise. Conclusions. The conclusion is made about the importance of keeping the stages in the process of introducing innovations at the enterprise. It was found that the introduction of innovations is influenced by both the external and internal environment of the enterprise. It was found that the goal of introducing innovations can be not only economic factors, but also other effects, such as social, economic and others.
Risk Management in the Economic Activity of Small Enterprises: Modern Imperatives
Authors:   The Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University of Cherkassy, Nazarenko Sergey , Nosan Natalia ,   The Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University of Cherkassy
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Small business is a basis of market relations, creating new working places, paying mandatory payments to budget, being able to adapt quickly to market needs. Like any economic entity, small businesses operate at risk. However, the risk that causes little discomfort to a large enterprise can be catastrophic for a small business. Purpose. Research of modern risks in the activity of small business and preconditions for using of risk management in their economic activity. Results. It is noted that risks are inherent in any stage of entrepreneurial activity, the essence of which involves their acceptance and processing. It is indicated that small business, as an important component of market relations, is more sensitive to various risks compared to large businesses. Identification and effective risk management in nowadays challenges is a necessary component of any enterprise’s management, especially of small businesses. It is noted that the risk management system, which is aimed at ensuring the required level of enterprise’s resilience to possible threats to its sustainable development, involves the involvement of specialists managers. However, in a small business, these functions are usually entrusted to a manager who performs various tasks at the same time. The main groups of risks of economic activity of small enterprises in Ukraine at the present stage, considering their origin, level of influence, spheres and scales of distribution (market, administrative and legal, financial, personnel, investment and innovation, reputation, commercial, information and digital, globalization risks) are presented and characterized. Modern characteristic features of domestic practice in risk management which cause additional difficulties, in particular, in small business activity are presented: non-transparency of economic processes, lack of standards of risk management and appropriate culture of risk management; lack of professionals in the field of risk management with sufficient practical experience. Conclusions. It is proposed to carry out risk management at all stages of the life cycle of products (services), involving specialists from all departments (areas of activity), taking into account the advice of external experts, analyzing the actions of competitors.
Analyses of the E-Commerce Development in the World and China
Authors:   Sumy National Agrarian University, Novikova Olha , Zhang Kuan ,   Sumy National Agrarian University
Published: March 2021

Abstract. With the development of economic globalization, people’s lives have undergone earth-shaking changes. The so-called economic globalization refers to the continuous development of production, accelerating technological progress, and the continuing improvement of the socialization and internationalization of production. The business activities of countries and regions in the world are increasingly beyond the scope of a country and region accompanied by the integration process of connection and interdependence. E-commerce is a small development that offered a brand-new transaction method that uses an electronic paperless method for operations. With the continuous development of information technology and the increasing prosperity of global economic activities, e-commerce has played a vital role in the national economy. Purpose. The main stages of e-commerce development in the world and China are summarized in this article together with the positive and negative effects of globalization on e-commerce. Under the influence of globalization, e-commerce has different characteristics and orientations. This article mainly focuses on the pros and cons of e-commerce, the general stages of its development in the world, and China, directions, and conditions for upcoming growth. Results. For e-commerce, now is the time for vigorous development. Therefore, it is necessary to improve and develop some national strategies for electronic trading methods. The future development of e-commerce depends on strategy and the legal system. First, we need to accelerate the construction of information networks, seek quality and standardization in development, and build a reliable information development platform that satisfies the individual needs of all members of the society. Secondly, it is needed to improve the legal system for online trade and take active measures to encourage and support more traditional enterprises and relocating their products and services to online selling platforms. National authorities should strengthen planning and guidance to ensure the healthy and stable development of e-commerce. Conclusions. Globalized economic activities have brought a broader market to e-commerce, but it still has the potential for future growth. For future business development, it is needed to control the integration processes and improve the system to make it better to serve the public.
Formation Features of the Natural and Post-Vaccination Anti-Diphtheria Antitoxic Immunity
Authors: Shmeleva E. A. , Popova T. N. , Safronova A. V.
Published: March 2021

Relevance. Against the background of epidemiological well-being for diphtheria infection, the formation of the optimal structure of the population post-vaccination antitoxic immunity remains an urgent problem.

Aims. The review is devoted to anti-toxic antidiphtheria immunity and the possibility to form the optimal structure of post-vaccination anti-toxic population immunity using the small booster doses of anatoxin.

Results. Special attention is paid to the formation of antitoxic population immunity in a natural way during the pre-vaccination period. It is proposed to pay attention to the immunosuppressive characteristics of anatoxin and the immune response to booster its small doses. Natural decrease in the concentration indicators of post-vaccination antitoxic IgG in the blood of adults has been demonstrated. A mathematical analysis of determining the structure of post-vaccination population immunity in all age groups of the population is proposed.

Conclusions. The small booster personalized doses of anatoxin in adolescents and adults will contribute to the creation of optimal population anti-diphtheria protection of these age groups of the population.
Establishing a Dialogue with a Patient on Vaccination (Scientific Review)
Authors: Ermolenko K. D. , Kharit S. M. , Ruleva A. A. , Drozdova L. Yu.
Published: March 2021

Relevance. Vaccine prophylaxis is the most cost-effective and affordable means of controlling infectious diseases. At the same time, there is a great regional diversity in the number of people who refuse vaccination. In our country, according to several large studies, there is a relatively low adherence to vaccination compared to other European countries. It is common to have doubts and questions about immunization in adult patients or parents who vaccinate their children. A decrease in vaccination coverage of the population can lead to an increase in the incidence of infections preventable by immunization. At the same time, measures to promote vaccination used by preventive health care systems in various countries are insufficient. This increases the likelihood for doctors of various specialties to meet in their daily activities with patients' questions and concerns about vaccination

.The purpose of this work was to highlight the practical aspects of building a dialogue with patients who have doubts about vaccination.

Conclusions. Successful communication is based on the doctor's ability to build a confidential dialogue based on confidence in the decency and goodwill of all its participants. Based on the study, the following conclusions can be drawn. An alarming trend in recent years is the increasing number of patients who doubt the effectiveness of vaccination. For hesitant patients, the doctor is one of the most important sources of information about vaccines. The doctor's ability to clearly and confidently build a dialogue about vaccination helps to dispel the patient's doubts and is the most effective means of increasing adherence to immunization of the population.
Safety and immunological effectiveness of the domestic combined trivaccine for the prevention of measles, rubella and mumps Vaktrivir® in children 12 months and 6 years of age (results of a simple blind multicenter comparative randomized clinical trial)
Authors: Feldblium I. V. , Romanenko V. V. , Subbotina K. A. , Menshikova M. G. , Okuneva I. A. , Musikhina A. Y. , Snitkovskaya T. E. , Marcovich N. I. , Ershov A. E. , Trofimov D. M.
Published: March 2021

Relevanc. Measles, mumps and rubella, despite many years of vaccination, retain their epidemiological and social significance at the present time.

The aim of the work is to study the safety and immunogenicity. Of the vaccine for the prevention of measles, rubella and mumps Vactrivir® in children's immunization.

Materials and methods. The safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine was studied in a simple multicenter blind comparative randomized clinical trial involving children aged 12 months and 6 years.

Results. The Vactrivir® vaccine is characterized by low reactogenicity, a high safety and immunogenicity profile and is comparable in terms of indicators to the foreign Priorix® vaccine, which has been used in the Russian Federation for specific prevention of measles, rubella and mumps since 2018.
Monitoring Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Strains in the Moscow Medical and Surgical Center using Molecular-Biological Methods
Authors: Skachkova T. S. , Zamyatin M. N. , Orlova O. A. , Yumtsunova N. A. , Lashenkova N. N. , Fomina V. S. , Gusarov V. G. , Mikhaylova Yu. V. , Shelenkov A. A. , Goloveshkina E. N. , Akimkin V. G.
Published: March 2021

Relevance. Staphylococci are one of the most common pathogens in the etiological structure of nosocomial infections. Methicillinresistant staphylococci are resistant to the main groups of antibiotics and are one of bacteria that pose the greatest threat to human health according to the World Health Organization. The introduction of modern molecular biological methods in the monitoring of methicillin-resistant staphylococci is necessary for the rapid and accurate identification of microorganisms, monitoring the epidemiological situation and studying the need for anti-epidemic measures. Aims. Аnalysis of the results of monitoring methicillinresistant staphylococcus strains using molecular biological methods in a multidisciplinary hospital in Moscow for one year.

Materials and methods. Single-center observational study with a one-year follow-up period (December 2016 to December 2017). The research included a molecular-biological analysis of biological material from 240 patients with signs of infection and washings samples (n=250) from the objects of the hospital environment. The whole genome sequencing was carried out for 24 samples, isolated from patients with different forms of staphylococcal infection and washings from a hospital environment. DNA detection of methicillin-resistant strains was performed using the «AmpliSens®MRSA-screen-titer-FL» reagent kit. Sequencing was performed on an Illumina HiSeq1500 instrument using the IlluminaHiSeq PE RapidClusterKit v2 and IlluminaHiSeqRapid SBS Kit v2.

Results. DNA of methicillin-resistant staphylococci were detected in 6.3% of blood samples from patients with signs of infection and in 42.4% of washings from the objects of the hospital environment. The results of PCR of washing samples showed that DNA of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci were detected much more often than MRSA (p <0.001). DNA of methicillin-resistant staphylococci were detected more often in the intensive care and intensive care units compared with the hematology and surgical departments (p <0.001). The examine samples of Staphylococcus aureus belonged to 6 different sequence types (ST-5, ST-7, ST-8, ST-22, ST-30 and ST-5555) and 8 spatypes (t008, t021, t091, t1062, t12437, t1544, t223, t4573). As a result of monitoring, an isolate with a new allelic profile was found. Today it has been assigned the number ST5555. The predominant type of staphylococcal mec cassette was the type IV SCCmec cassette.

Conclusion. Due to the widespread distribution of methicillin-resistant strains and the identification of epidemiologically significant genetic lines of staphylococci, it is necessary to conduct regular monitoring, take measures to limit the spread of such strains and introduce modern molecular biological methods for quick and accurate identification.
Analysis of the Results of Monitoring Arbovirus Infections in the Volgograd Region in 2019
Authors: Negodenko A. O. , Molchanova E. V. , Prilepskaya D. R. , Konovalov P. Sh. , Pavlyukova O. A. , Skrynnikova E. A. , Karunina I. V. , Fomina V. K. , Boroday N. V. , Luchinin D. N.
Published: March 2021

Relevance.Naturalandclimaticconditions,a variety of species composition of arthropods and vertebrates determine the possibility of circulation of arboviruses in the Volgograd region. The existence of natural foci of some arbovirus infections and the possibility of the formation of others suggests the need for annual monitoring of the causative agents of arbovirus diseases.

Аim.EvaluationoftheresultsofmonitoringofarbovirusinfectionsintheVolgogradregionin2019.

Materials and methods:806bloodserumsamplesfromdonors,44bloodserumsamplesfromfebrilesickpeople,300bloodserumsamplesfromhorsesand94poolsofblood-suckingmosquitoeswereexaminedbyimmunofernalanalysis.ResultofthestudyofserumsamplesfromdonorsintheVolgogradregion,in140(17.4%)of806werefoundtohaveantibodiestothepathogenofWestNilefever(in35(4.3%)– IgM, in 105 (13.0%) – IgG), in 7 (2.2%) of 319 – to the Crimean hemorrhagic fever virus (in 4 (1.3%) – IgM, in 3 (0.9%) –IgG), and in 7 (2.9%) of 240 – IgG to the viruses of the California serogroup. Specific antibodies against viruses of Sindbis, Batai and Uukuniemi in the samples was not detected. The largest number of positive samples with the presence of IgG and IgM to the West Nile virus was found among residents of Volgograd (61 out of 240, 25.4%) and Volzhsky (25 out of 100, 25, 0%). Among 44 blood serums of febrile patients, 1 sample (2.3%) was found to contain an antigen of the Sindbis virus, and 2 samples (4.5%) – antigens California serogroup viruses. Specific immunoglobulins against West Nile virus were detected in 84 (28%) of 300 blood serums of farm animals (horses). In the study of 94 samples of field material (blood-sucking mosquitoes), West Nile virus antigen was detected in 14 (14.9%), Sindbis virus – in one sample (1.0%), Batai virus – in four samples (4.2%).

 Conclusions:theobtainedresults,alongwiththecirculationofWestNilevirusandCrimeanhemorrhagicfevervirusvirusintheVolgogradregion,indicatethepresenceofSindbis,BataiandCaliforniaserogroupvirusesandnecessitatefurtherstudyoftheirroleintheinfectiouspathologyofthepopulation.
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Vologda Oblast Districts
Authors: Svanadze N. Kh. , Kasimov R. A. , Orlovsky A. A. , Lazareva N. V.
Published: March 2021

Relevance. There are large regional disparities in prevalence of non-communicable disease risk factors, as well as in the cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality rates in Russian Federation (RF). Aim. To demonstrate the disparities in prevalence of CVD risk factors between Vologda Oblast districts.

Materials and methods. Databases created in 2009 at the State-financed health institution of the Vologda Oblast «Vologda Regional Center for Medical Prevention», based on the results of a survey conducted within the framework of the World Health Organization CINDI program. CINDI questionnaire; cross-sectional study; the data was processed using R programming language and the Statistica software package 12.

Results. The most common behavioral CVD risk factors in different Vologda Oblast districts included inadequate fruits and vegetables consumption (30–90%) and alcohol abuse (40–80%); hypertension (40–60%), overweight and obesity (30–55%) were the most frequent biological CVD risk factors; the most prevalent socio-economic risk factors included low education level (75–90%) and unemployment (20–40%). Participants residing in rural municipalities differed from urban okrugs (cities) dwellers in a higher prevalence of smoking (p < 0.01), alcohol abuse (p < 0.001), inadequate fruits and vegetables consumption (p < 0.0001), overweight and obesity (p < 0.05), unemployment (p < 0.0001), low education level (p < 0.0001), as well as a low overall assessment of their health (p < 0.05).

Conclusions. We detected disparities in CVD risk factors prevalence between Vologda Oblast districts in 2009. Both behavioral and biological CVD risk factors were more common in participants from rural municipalities. The CVD risk factors distribution between the RF subjects’ districts requires further scientific research.
Adherence Population to Vaccination of Influenza: Survey Results
Authors: Bayanova T. A. , Petrova A. G. , Vanyarkina A. S. , Kupriyanova N. Yu. , Gavrilova T. A.
Published: March 2021

Influenza remains one of the most pressing medical and socio-economic problems . Vaccination is the most effective way to reduce the incidence and mortality of influenza and its complications.

Рurpose: estimate the awareness of parents , doctors of various specialties and students of the medical University about the issues of influenza vaccination, identify factors that affect the reduction of vaccination adherence and determine the best apt ways to increase adherence to influenza immunoprophylaxis.

Methods. A descriptive retrospective epidemiological study between 2004 and 2018 Conducted a survey among three groups of respondents: parents of children enrolled in the children's clinic or treated at a pediatric hospital (n=1620); doctors of different specialties (n = 324); the medical students (n = 433).

Resalts. Against the background of increasing coverage of the population with preventive vaccinations, there is a decrease in the incidence of influenza among the total population (TPR.=-14.7%). There was a weak correlation between the number of vaccinated and the incidence in the following year (ρ =-0.38 p>0.05). Only 22.2% of respondents vaccinate a child, and only adults are vaccinated in 13.8% of cases. Among doctors of different specialties, 36.7% are vaccinated against the flu, and 58.7% of respondents additionally vaccinate their children against the flu. Of the total number of students surveyed, 17.3% are vaccinated annually.

Conclusions. Increasing adherence to flu vaccination among medical students and doctors will help increase adherence to vaccination among the population, increase coverage of preventive vaccinations, and reduce the incidence of influenza.
Risk Factors for the Development of Malignant Tumors of the Head and Neck
Authors: Belyakova E. N.
Published: March 2021

Relevance. Recently, there has been an increase in the incidence of head and neck cancer throughout. Head and neck cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer, accounting for 5-10% of all cancers in the world. In the structure of cancer it takes 8th place.

Aim. Highlight the main risk factors for the development of malignant neoplasms of the head and the etiological role of the human papillomavirus.

Conclusions. Currently, it is an increase in prevalence of viral infections is considered to be the main cause of increase in the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, and this pathology is more common among non-smoking middleaged man with a high socio-economic status, having oral-genital sex with multiple sexual partners, as well as having poor dental status.
Representasi Lombok dalam Elektronik Media pada Blog Muslifaaseani.com| Lombok Representation in Electronic Media on the Blog of Muslifaaseani.com
Authors: Rohmah Nurliya Ni'matul
Published: March 2021

Abstrak: Kajian ini bermaksud melihat bagaimana representasi Lombok dalam Elektronik Media pada Blog Muslifaaseani.com. Peneliti menggunakan metode kualitasif deskriptif dan pendekatan netnografi, yang mana digunakan untuk melakukan riset sosial yang muncul di era internet atau dapat juga dikatakan sebagai metode riset digital. Muslifaaseani.com mampu mempresentasikan Lombok dalam konten secara utuh baik secara pemaknaannya secara aktif dan kreatif sehingga Lombok tergambarkan sebagai destinasi wisata yang memenuhi syarat, karena memiliki tiga hal, yaitu something to see, something to do dan something to buy, serta penuturan dalam artikel yang mampu mempresentasikan alam, pemandangan, flora fauna, budaya masyarakat, museum, hasil karya di Nusa Tenggara Barat. Selain itu juga untuk mengetahui peran blogger Muslifaaseani.com sebagai kontributor, pengamat, promotor dan evaluator bagi Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Harapan dari penelitian ini, akan mampu mengangkat kembali Lombok sebagai list utama destinasi wisata setelah Pandemic Covid-19 ini mereda dan izin berwisata telah dibuka baik dari dalam negeri maupun luar negeri. Abstract: This study intends to see how the representation of Lombok in Electronic Media on the Muslifaaseani.com Blog. Researcher used the descriptive qualitative method with netnography approach, which is use to conduct social research that has emerged in the internet era, or it can also be said to be a digital research method. Muslifaaseani.com was able to present Lombok in its full content both actively and creatively so that Lombok described as a tourist destination that meets the requirements. Because it has three things, which are something to see, something to do and something to buy, as well as a narrative in articles that able to present nature, scenery, flora and fauna, community culture, museums, works in West Nusa Tenggara. In addition, it is also to know the role of blogger Muslifaaseani.com as a contributor, observer, promoter and evaluator for Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Hopely, that this research will be able to raise Lombok as the main list of tourist destinations after the Covid-19 Pandemic has subsided and travel permits have been opened both from within the country and abroad
Teknik Argumentasi Prof. Mahfud MD dalam Video Ceramah yang Berjudul "Khazanah Islam: Khilafah di Negara Pancasila"| Argumentation Technique of Prof Mahfud MD in the Video Entitled "Khazanah Islam: Khilafah di Negara Pancasila"
Authors: Setiawan Muhammad Arief , Yulianto Hendra Bagus
Published: March 2021

Abstrak: Tulisan ini menjelaskan teknik argumentasi yang digunakan oleh Mahfud MD dalam salah satu ceramahnya melalui medium televisi. Dengan mengetahui penerapan teknik argumentasi pada salah satu topik pembahasan, diharapkan akan memperoleh gambaran tentang implementasi teknik argumentasi dalam komunikasi dakwah. Disamping itu, teknik argumentasi yang disajikan oleh Mahfud MD dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan perbandingan bagi pengembangan pola komunikasi dakwah untuk para pendakwah pemula. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan analisis berdasarkan teori teknik-teknik argumentasi menurut Gorys Keraf. Adapun teknik pengumpulan datanya melalui observasi dan dokumentasi. Observasi dengan cara mengamati dokumentasi teknik argumentasi dalam ceramah Mahfud MD. dalam salah satu tema yang disampaikan di Metro TV. Hasil riset ini menunjukkan bahwa secara umum Mahfud MD menerapkan beberapa teknik argumentasi dalam ceramahnya yaitu: teknik kesaksian dan autoritas, teknik Sebab dan Akibat, teknik keadaan, teknik persamaan, teknik definisi, teknik pertentangan, serta teknik perbandingan.
Agroecological conditions of winter wheat cultivation under the protection of forest belts
Authors: Sarychev Aleksandr , Mihal'kov Denis , Vdovenko Anastasiya , Vorob'eva Ol'ga
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to identify the features of functioning of forest-reclaimed agrobiocenoses and assess their impact in combination with various soil treatments on the formation of winter wheat yield. The object of research was field agrobiocenosis in combination with protective stands. Observations and accounting were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Research result. Research has shown that protective forest belts have an impact on agroecological conditions within the inter-band space and on the yield of winter wheat. It is established that the highest content of productive moisture in the inter-lane space is observed at a distance of 5 to 10 Н from the forest strip. The average content of productive moisture in this zone was 49.4 mm, which is 11.3 mm more than in a field without protective plantings. Differentiated changes in soil moisture in the interband space persist throughout the growing season of winter wheat. Zonal distribution of moisture reserves in the soil affects the formation of the total water consumption of winter wheat, the value of the water consumption coefficient. In a protected field, the total water flow is from 1418.8 to 1758.6 m3/ha, in a field without protective plantings – 1329.7 m3/ha. The yield of winter wheat under the protection of stands is higher than in the field without protective stands. On average, over 5 years of research, depending on the applied technology of soil cultivation, the increase in yield was 0.21–0.29 t/ha. Scientific novelty. In result of the conducted researches the features of moisture and the content of major nutrients in crops in light-chestnut soil in terms of agroecology, the dependence of the activity of soil microbiota from remoteness from planting shelterbelts, assessed the effectiveness of the soil treatment methods and their influence on productivity of winter wheat.
The role of PCR in the diagnosis of species-specific chlamydia in cattle
Authors: Bezborodova Natalia , Kozhukhovskaya Veronika , Sokolova Ol'ga , Pechura Elena , Romanova Alisa
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The aim of the study was to study the practical value of the PCR method for the identification of chlamydia species in cattle. Methods. PCR diagnostics of biological material from cows and calves was carried out. Results. In the course of laboratory studies, it was found that in 17.1 % of cases the biological diversity of the chlamydia species was found in the biological material: the genomes of Chlamydia spp. (7.6 %), Chlamydophila pecorum (7.6 %) and Chlamydophila abortus (1.9 %). Specific DNA regions of the bacterium Chlamydophila pecorum were found in biological material from calves in 1.9 % of cases. The examined calves were found to have an acute form of chlamydial infection with respiratory damage, as well as keratoconjunctivitis. Chlamydophila abortus genomes were identified in biomaterials in 6.7 % of aborted cows, which confirmed the presence of latent and chronic chlamydial infection of the reproductive tract in them. Samples positive for Chlamydia spp. DNA of Staphilococcus aureus was detected (37.5 %). Scientific novelty. Currently, PCR diagnostics of bacteria of the genus Chlamydophila, which have a unique cycle of development of intracellular parasites, open up new opportunities for detecting the genetic material of the Chlamydia species in farm animals. The polymerase chain reaction method turned out to be highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of chlamydophiles in farm animals with acute, latent, asymptomatic and chronic forms of the course of the infectious process. The difficulty in identifying pathogens with close genetic links (Chlamydophila psittaci, Chlamydophila abortus and Chlamydophila picorum) is determined by the quality of laboratory and diagnostic tools.
Patterns of thousand-seed weight inheritance inF1andF2pea hybrids
Authors: Davletov Firzinat , Gaynullina Karina , Pleshkov Aleksandr
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The research aims to study the inheritance of a thousand-seed weight trait by F1 and F2 hybrids peas. Research methods. The study was conducted at the Chishminskiy plant breeding center of the Bashkir Research Institute – the Subdivision of the Russian Science Academy, located in the Cis-Ural steppe zone, in 2017–2019. The paper describes hybridization with two parental pairs, reciprocal crosses, and resulting pea hybrids. Five varieties were analyzed: Shikhan, Chishminskiy 75, Chishminskiy 80, Chishminskiy 95, Melkosemyannyy 2. The resulting seeds were divided into groups: large, medium-large, medium, medium-small, small. The standard deviation (σ), the coefficient of variation (Vc, %), heritability estimate (H2), and the degree of dominance (hp) were determined. Statistical data were analyzed in Microsoft Office Excel 2010 using Statistica 7.0. Results. As a result of the conducted experiments, F1 hybrid peas showed lower thousand-seed weight than the large-seeded parent plants. Whereupon, the large-seeded genotype of a mother plant had a greater effect on the manifestation of this trait in hybrids. F2 hybrid peas expressed a thousand-seed weight trait in an intermediate fashion. However, the average values of this trait were much lower than in F1 hybrids. The coefficient of variation Vc in F2 plants was 24.3–33.3%, the degree of dominance hp was 0.20–0.32 (incomplete dominance of the trait). Scientific novelty. The inheritance of a thousand-seed weight in regional varieties that distinctly differ on this trait and in hybrids obtained by crossing was studied for the first time in conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. New large-seeded and small-seeded sources for pea breeding were identified.