bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishment of analytical model for electrostatic discharge gate-to-source capacitance of power metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor
Authors: Su Le , Wang Cai-Lin , Tan Zai-Chao , Luo Yin , Yang Wu-Hua , Zhang Chao ,   Department of Electronic and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China,   Suzhou Convert Semiconductor Co., Zhangjiagang 215600, China
Published: April 2024

In the actual human body model (HBM) test, it is found that the electrostatic discharge (ESD) test results of various power metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) devices show asymmetry between forward withstand voltage and reverse withstand voltage, while the ESD process does not distinguish between positive direction and negative direction. Large differences between forward and reverse withstand voltages are unacceptable for power MOSFETs or as ESD protection devices. The problem of its causing device failure is particularly pronounced. In this work, by establishing the analytical model of gate-to-source capacitance of SGT-MOSFET, VUMOSFET and VDMOS under the forward and reverse voltages, we comparatively analyze the reasons for the asymmetry of the forward and reverse withstand voltages and their different ratios of the three kinds of power MOSFETs, which provides a theoretical basis for testing the device’s ESD and the analyzing their reliability. It is found that the ESD forward and reverse withstand voltage asymmetry phenomena of different power MOSFET structures are related to the variation of gate-to-source capacitance, caused by the reverse-type layer. When a forward voltage is applied across the gate and source, the device gate-to-source capacitance consists of the oxide layer capacitance around the gate in parallel; when a reverse voltage is applied, the gate-to-source capacitance consists of the virtual gate-to-drain capacitance in series with the inverse layer capacitance and then in parallel with the other oxide layer capacitance around the gate. This results in a decrease of the gate-to-source capacitance at the reverse voltage, making the device reverse withstand voltage greater than the forward withstand voltage. The difference in the ratio of ESD reverse withstand voltage to forward withstand voltage among different devices is related to the change of the capacitance of the inverse layer in the gate-to-source capacitor under reverse voltage caused by the difference in device structure.
Epidemiología genómica de los sublinajes δ del virus SARS-CoV-2 de la segunda ola de COVID en Antioquia en el 2021
Authors: Velarde Cristian Arbey , Hurtado Uriel , Cardona Rios Andres Fernando , Ortiz Celeny , Betancur Idabely
Published: April 2024

Introducción. Durante el desarrollo de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 en Antioquia se presentaron picos epidemiológicos relacionados con las variantes α, ɣ, β, ƛ y δ, donde δ tuvo la mayor incidencia y prevalencia. Este linaje se considera una variante de preocupación dadas las manifestaciones clínicas que desencadena y sus características epidemiológicas. Se han informado 253 sublinajes δ en la base de datos PANGOLIN. La identificación de estos sublinajes mediante análisis genómico ha permitido rastrear su evolución y propagación.Objetivo. Caracterizar la diversidad genética de los diferentes sublinajes δ de SARSCoV-2 en Antioquia y determinar su prevalencia.Materiales y métodos. Se recopiló información sociodemográfica de 2.675 muestras y de 1.115 genomas del repositorio GISAID entre el 12 de julio de 2021 y el 18 de enero de 2022. Se seleccionaron 501 por su alto porcentaje de cobertura (>90 %) para realizar análisis filogenéticos e inferencia de frecuencias alélicas de mutaciones de interés. Resultados. Se caracterizaron 24 sublinajes donde el más prevalente fue AY.25. En este sublinaje se identificaron mutaciones de interés como L452R, P681R y P681H, que comprendían una frecuencia cercana a 0,99. Conclusiones. Este estudio permitió identificar que el sublinaje AY.25 tiene una ventaja de transmisión en comparación con los otros sublinajes δ. Esto puede estar relacionado con la presencia de las mutaciones L452R y P681R que en otros estudios se han visto asociadas con una mayor transmisibilidad, evasión del sistema inmunitario y menor eficacia de los medicamentos contra SARS-CoV-2.
Comparative analysis of health-related fitness in patients with acute versus chronic Chagas disease
Authors: Clara Narcisa Silva Almeida  , Ariane Cardoso Vasconcelos  , Caroline da Silva Sousa  , Melo Silva Nivea Thayanne , Dilma do Socorro Moraes de Souza  , Carlos Alberto Marques de Carvalho  , Suellen Alessandra Soares de Moraes  , Laura Maria Tomazi Neves
Published: April 2024

Introduction. Although Chagas disease causes high levels of morbidity, the muscle function and tolerance to physical activity in Chagas disease patients are still not completely understood.Objective. To compare health-related fitness of patient groups with acute Chagas disease versus chronic Chagas disease.Materials and methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 18 patients. The data were obtained from patient´s records, and functional capacity was measured with the sixminute walk test, the peripheral muscle strength with handgrip strength, and respiratory muscle strength using the maximum inspiratory pressure and the maximum expiratory pressure.Results. The 18 patients were divided in two groups: acute Chagas disease (n=9) and chronic Chagas disease (n=9). The distance walked in the six-minute walk test was lower than the predicted distance walked in both groups (p < 0.0001). The maximum expiratory pressure was lower than the predicted one (p = 0.005), and statistically significant for chronic Chagas disease patients (p = 0.02). Heart rate increased faster in the chronic Chagas disease group within the first two minutes of the six-minute walk test (p = 0.04). The sixminute walk test in the acute Chagas disease group presented a strong correlation with peripheral muscle strength (p = 0.012) and maximum inspiratory pressure (p = 0.0142), while in the chronic Chagas disease group, only peripheral muscle strength and maximum inspiratory pressure were correlated (p = 0.0259).Conclusion. The results suggest lowered functional capacity and reduced respiratory and peripheral muscle strength in patients with Chagas disease, although no differences were observed between groups. The early increase in heart rate during exercise in the chronic Chagas disease group implies a greater myocardial overload.
Incidence of metabolic bone disease in neonates under 32 gestational weeks at the Hospital Universitario de Santander in Colombia
Authors: Ruiz Erika , Piamonte Diego Ernesto , Gómez Deisy Tatiana , Díaz Luis Alfonso , Pérez Luis Alfonso
Published: April 2024

Introduction. Metabolic bone disease of premature infants is a rare complication characterized by a lower mineral content in bone tissue.Objective. To establish the incidence of metabolic bone disease in premature infants and to determine associated risk factors.Materials and method. We conducted a descriptive prospective cohort study for one year in all newborns under 32 gestational weeks, or 1,500 g, at the Hospital Universitario de Santander to determine the incidence of metabolic bone disease.We collected demographic data and prenatal histories of the selected patients, and later, we measured serum alkaline phosphatase and serum phosphorus at the third week of birth, having as reference values for diagnosis less than 5.6 mg/dl for the first one and more than 500 UI/L for the second one.We applied statistical tools for data analysis, such as average proportions, dispersion, distribution and association measures, and binomial regression.Results. From a total of 58 patients, 7 had a diagnosis of metabolic bone disease, with an incidence of 12%. The weight was reported as an independent variable for the development of the disease, being significant in children under 1,160 g, as well as prolonged parenteral nutrition for more than 24 days. When performing the multivariate analysis, low weight and short time of parenteral nutrition appeared as risk factors; in the same way, maternal age below 22 years is associated with a higher relative risk, even more than a newborn weight inferior to 1,160 g. Conclusion. Establishing an early intervention in patients with metabolic bone disease enhancing risk factors, such as low weight and prolonged parenteral nutrition, is critical to prevent severe complications.
Mucormicosis oral asociada a COVID-19 y diabetes mellitus: descripción de un caso
Authors: Velasco Julio César , Vargas Ledmar Jovanny , García Lorena , Torres Iván José , González Iván Camilo
Published: April 2024

La mucormicosis es una infección fúngica oportunista e invasiva, con una elevada tasa de mortalidad. Se ha detectado principalmente en pacientes con COVID-19, especialmente en personas con enfermedades concomitantes como la diabetes mellitus. La prevalencia de las mucormicosis es de 0,005 a 1,7 casos por millón de habitantes y ha ido en aumento en países como India y Pakistán; puede afectar diferentes órganos y su forma clínica refleja el mecanismo de transmisión. Entre las formas frecuentes están la rino-orbital-cerebral y la pulmonar, por ello, debe sospecharse mucormicosis en los pacientes con lesiones necróticas en mucosas o piel.Se presenta el caso de un paciente con antecedentes de diabetes mellitus que fue diagnosticado con mucormicosis oral asociada a la COVID-19.
A influência do valor percebido no processo de compra de produtos de marcas humanizadas
Authors: Martiori Gabriel Lemes , Hermes Lisiane Caroline Rodrigues , Druck Chiara Einloft , Cappellari Gabriela
Published: April 2024

Este estudo tem como objetivo estudar a percepção de valor e risco percebido dos consumidores frente às empresas que praticam estratégias de humanização. Por se caracterizar como uma pesquisa exploratória, iniciou-se com uma pesquisa bibliográfica, seguindo para uma pesquisa de campo. Para as análises do estudo, utilizou-se o conteúdo, uma vez que ela possui caráter qualitativo, sendo a coleta dos dados realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Dessa forma, foi possível identificar que consumidores de marcas humanizadas percebem valor e menos riscos ao pensarem em comprar um novo produto da mesma marca, bem como criam laços e emoções fortes com elas. Os consumidores de marcas humanizadas criam relações completamente diferentes quando comparados a consumidores de marcas não humanizadas. Esses confiam, criam sentimentos, proximidade e percebem a capacidade inovativa da marca.
Assessment of Background Gamma Radiation Levels Across Major Markets in Southern Senatoria District of Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: G.O Igomah, , O Osahon, , B.E Eze, , I. B Ekong, , W.E Azogor,
Published: April 2024

Human exposure to ionizing radiation from natural and artificial sources is unpreventable phenomenon on earth. Radiation profile and dose at for some markets in Cross River State, Nigeria have been ascertained using 451p ion chamber survey meter and the following indices of radiation absorb dose, annual effective dose equivalent, and excess life cancer risk, were calculated. the dose rate measures at the seven market are as follows; Biase 0.02\(\mu\)sv/h to 0.09\(\mu\)sv/h, Akamkpa 0.02\(\mu\)sv/h to 0.09\(\mu\)sv/h, Odukpani 0.02\(\mu\)sv/h to 0.09\(\mu\)sv/h marian market 0.06\(\mu\)sv/h to 0.19\(\mu\)sv/h, Calabar South, 0.05\(\mu\)sv/h to 0.30\(\mu\)sv/h, Akpabuyo 0.02\(\mu\)sv/h to 0.19\(\mu\)sv/h, Bakassi 0.02\(\mu\)sv/h to 0.16\(\mu\)sv/h. The mean value for dose is mean 0.047 \(\pm\) 0.018 for Biase, 0.043 \(\pm\) 0.018 for Akamkpa, 0.043 \(\pm\) 0.017 for Odukpani, 0.110 \(\pm\) 0.036 for Marian, 0.106 \(\pm\) 0.059 sv/h for Calabar South, 0.104 \(\pm\) 0.056 sv/h for Akpabuyo and 0.053 \(\pm\) 0.031 sv/h for Bakassi. Mean values of 0.073 \(\pm\) 0.026msvy-1, 0.067 \(\pm\)  0.029msv/y, 0.095 \(\pm\) 0.08msv/y, 0.158 \(\pm\) 0.072msv/y, 0.134 \(\pm\) 0.114msv/y, 0.159 \(\pm\) 0.084msv/y and 0.223 \(\pm\) 0.654 for AEDE were observed respectively for within the markets. Similarly, 0.259 \(\pm\) 0.092 x 10-3, 0.235 \(\pm\) 0.095 x 10-3, 0.338 \(\pm\) 0.265 x 10-3, 0.552  0.252 x 10-3, 0.470 \(\pm\) 0.397 x 10-3, 0.558  0.29 x 10-3, and 0.265 \(\pm\) 0.097 x 10-3 were recorded for ELCR, with the marketer the AEDE values are with the permissible limit as recommended by the international bodies, the ELCR values are also within permissible limit. The implication of the AEDE & ELCR values is that the markets sides is radiation safe for any radiological health burdens that might arise due to absorb dose from BIR, but the probability of are developing cancer over a life time exposure in market places is high. It’s recommended that periodic BIR monitory and evaluation and radioactive concentration of nuclides in soil and rocks of the area be carried out by local authority.
Study of the Efficiency of Two Clays Soils for Cyanide Removal in Water: Kinetic and Equilibrium Modelling
Authors: Kaboré Raymond , Yacouba Sanou  , Konaté Adama , Paré Samuel
Published: April 2024

In Burkina Faso, water resources in mining area are sometime polluted by cyanide. To mitigate this pollution, clays have been collected in Kaya and Koro and used as adsorbents to remove cyanide in waters. Experiments have been carried out using batch adsorption with synthetic cyanide solutions. The influence of operating conditions has been evaluated on adsorption capacity. From experimental results, the particle size did not have a great impact on the cyanide removal rate up to 150 µm in diameter. The increase of initial pH from 6.5 to 11 led to a decrease in the cyanide removal capacity adsorption from 9.5 to 7.6 and the volatility rate of cyanide from 6 to 2%. When the initial concentration was increased between 5.5 and 224 mg/L, this resulted an increase in adsorption capacity from 0.8 to 23.5 mg/g and a decrease in the removal rate from 95 to 47%. The contact time increased with the temperature, it was respectively 3; 4 and 8 H for Koro and 4; 6 and 12 H for Kaya respectively at 20; 30 and 40°C. The adsorption of cyanide was described by an exothermic and spontaneous process occurred on monolayer through a chemisorption following a pseudo-second order kinetic.
Bayesian Probabilistic Projection of Population Census in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Afolabi Saheed A.
Published: April 2024

Population census supplies a complete and accurate picture of a country's population and its residents' characteristics. Modeling population growth has been worked upon by different scholars before now with more of a classical approach and less of a Bayesian approach. Therefore, an attempt is made in this work to apply Bayesian probabilistic projection on the usual exponential growth rate model in estimating population parameters and predicting population census in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) across thirteen (13) regions. The obtained data from WorldData and United Nations Population were used for the estimation and projection with the application of appropriate prior, likelihood, and posterior selection through Bayesian inference. This approach is reasonably accurate and well-calibrated with a significant precision of 0.01025 approximately 99% model accuracy for the period due to the estimated population parameters that were used: to make a comparison with the 2019 Population Census of Saudi Arabia which was perfectly closed and to forecast for the next 80 years using out-sample cases.
Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemicals Screening of Aqueous, Methanol and Hexane Leaves Extracts of Senna Occidentalis
Authors: Alkali K. . , Dikwa K. B. . , Ajibade G.A. , Magaji Y , Abdulhamid M.B .
Published: April 2024

The Senna occidentalis tree is an incredible plant with incredible antimicrobial, antifungal and antimalarial activities used traditionally. The study was carried out to determine the phytochemical content responsible for these activities  Fresh leaves were collected, aqueous, methanolic and hexane extracts of leaves were prepared, and the extracts were screened for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. Results of the phytochemical screening of all the crude extracts revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, steroids, phenol, alkaloid and flavonoid. In aqeuose extract, flavonoid show higher content of 2,47%, followed by tepernoid with 2.27%, methanol with higher content of tepernoid with 2.60%, and hexane with the highest in tepernoid with only 2.38%. Based on the present study, it can be concluded that the extracts of Senna occidentalis are rich source of phytochemicals and F flavonoid is found to be most abundant phytochemical presence of bioactive constituents that could be the reason for pharmacological activity that is used traditionally by many people as an alternative treatment for a variety of health diseases.
A Bibliometric Study of English Textbook Analyses (1979‒2022)
Authors: Jiang Wen
Published: April 2024

In recent years, the field of English textbook analysis has garnered increasing attention from scholars worldwide, emerging as a burgeoning research hotspot. However, this field currently lacks a comprehensive and systematic analysis. This study adopts a bibliometric approach, using raw data from Scopus to review research on English textbooks from 1979 to 2022. Overall, research in this field has shown a steady upward trend, with a significant acceleration in growth over the past five years. The results indicate that scholars from Asia, especially East Asia, have made the most significant contributions to this field. Most studies typically utilize methods such as corpus approach and critical discourse analysis to explore themes such as ideology, gender, culture, and language teaching in English textbooks, thereby making this research field a pivotal lens for comprehending global language education and societal dynamics, fostering mutual understanding and communication across diverse regions worldwide. Through these studies, the field of English textbook analysis not only advances language education but also provides significant insights and support for educational reforms and societal development on a global magnitude.
Phenotypic and Genotyping Identification of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Enterobacteriaceae Obtained from Animal Fecal Samples within Owerri Metropolis
Authors: Ozowara Uche Justina , Nsofor Chijioke A
Published: April 2024

Background: One of the major means for the spread or distribution of antibiotic resistance is through animal, either by consumption or as companions. Most of the antibiotic resistant bacteria investigated have been reported to exhibit multidrug resistance which can either be acquired or natural. The present study was targeted at investigating the epidemiology of extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Using stratified randomized sample design, three hundred (n = 300) fecal samples [of cattle, and goats (n = 150 for each)] were collected from various abattoir in Owerri metropolis. The isolation, purification, and antibiotic sensitivity were carried out using standard procedures. The resistant genes were investigated using forward and reverse primers specific for the following genes blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaSHV.

Results: The result showed 97.67 % growth of Enterobacteriaceae. The highest Enterobacteriaceae isolated was in cattle fecal sample (61.00 %), while 2.33 % of the total samples did not show any growth for Enterobacteriaceae. Only three Enterobacteriaceae species were identified: Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, and Klebsiella pneumonia. Escherichia coli was the most abundant Enterobacteriaceae (42.32 %) and P. vulgaris was the least abundant (23.89 %). The isolates showed multiple resistances to most of the antibiotics tested. All the isolates were susceptible to Imipenem (IPM). The molecular characterization showed the presence of the three genes (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaSHV) investigated. The blaCTX gene-band was the most prevalent (72.22 %) while the blaSHV gene-band was the lowest prevalent resistant gene (61.11 %).

Conclusion: It was concluded that the genes: blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaSHV were present in Enterobacteriaceae species (K. pneumoniae, P. vulgaris, and E. coli) isolated from abattoir in Owerri metropolis, Imo State.
Study of the Physical Properties, Safety and Effectiveness of an Organic Ointment
Authors: Sitapha Ouattara , Elisee Kporou Kouassi , Mathieu Kra Adou Koffi , Francis Yapo Adou , Ahoua Yapi , Joseph Djaman Allico
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Women have always used cosmetics to maintain their hair in order to become pretty.
Aim: To help this category of people with non-harmful ointments, an ointment made from palm kernel oil and shea butter was developed.
Methods: In the presence of water, the palm kernel paste was boiled at 100°C to bring the oil to the surface of the water. The supernatant is collected in a kettle, and after cooling and filtration is collected in a bottle. The shea butter (used as an excipient) is melted in a bain-marie, then the required quantity is added to the corresponding palm kernel oil in a container.The mixture is homogenized until a single phase is obtained, then poured directly into 150mL jars. The jars were then left to stand at a temperature below 30°C until the contents solidified.
Results: Physical, chemical, microbiological and other tests showed that the ointment was suitable use.
Conclusion: The organic ointment showed better performance in hair growth in rabbits and could be a fundamental element in the formulation of ointments for human hair growth.
Rainfall Variability and Crop Planning of Dahod: A Case study from Tribal District in Gujarat, India
Authors: Chawra Urmi , Kacha H. L. , Rani R. Radha , Bhabhor G. K. , Makhwana N. D.
Published: April 2024

India is an agrarian economy mostly depends on monsoon for its crop success. The onset and cessation of monsoon along with unpredictability in weather conditions, reflects the statistics in foodgrain production in this region. Planning of crop requires details on period of dry and wet spell of an area. The present study takes into account Markov chain model for rainfall probability analysis. The mean annual rainfall of Dahod district is 1073 mm with 59 rainy days. Only 41% shows rainfall above normal. 95% of annual rainfall is contributed by South-west monsoon whereas only 4% was contributed by North-east monsoon followed by 0.9% and 0.2% in summer and winter season. Analyzed data (1998-2019) reveals that monsoon start effectively from 25th SMW and cease on 40th SMW. The average monsoon period is of 16 weeks, i.e., 112 days. Initial, conditional and consecutive probability of dry and wet week indicates a shift in weather pattern around 20th SMW, transition of dry to wet weeks. More than 75% of wet probability can be observed from 27th to 35th SMW. Onwards 40th SMW, likelihood of P(D/D) keeps increasing up to 52 SMW. P(W/W) probability more than 75% can be observed from 27th to 32nd SMW. The district’s priority lies in poultry farming and vegetable cultivation along with sustaining soybean and chickpea. The cropping pattern of majority of district falls in maize-maize, maize-chickpea, maize-wheat-green gram, soybean-wheat-green gram and pigeon pea- groundnut, respectively. The area frequently experiences extended dry spells between monsoon. To address these challenges, crop diversification and efficient irrigation practices are prioritized.
Enhancing Summer Soybean Yield through Evaluation of Herbicidal Weed Management Options
Authors: Ghadiya B.M. , Gohil B.S. , Muchhadiya R.M.
Published: April 2024

The farmers of Gujarat have turned to soybean cultivation as soybean demand is increasing promisingly. Improper weed management is one of the reasons for the large yield gap between the potential and the actual yield of soybean harvested by the farmers. So, the selection of different herbicides in soybean is necessary for effective management of complex weed flora. An experiment was plotted with an aim of enhancing summer soybean yield through evaluation of herbicidal weed management options on medium black calcareous soil at Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during summer season of 2021. The experiment comprised 12 treatments that were arranged in randomized block design with 3 replications. The outcomes of the results revealed that following to weed-free treatment, pre-mix pendimethalin + imazethapyr 750+50 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) fb hand-weeding (HW) & inter-culturing (IC) at 30 days after sowing (DAS), HW at 15 DAS fb pre-mix propaquizafop + imazethapyr 50+75 g/ha as post-emergence (PoE) at 30 DAS, HW at 15 DAS fb pre-mix fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen 125+125 g/ha (PoE) at 30 DAS and pre-mix pendimethalin + imazethapyr 750+50 g/ha (PE) fb pre-mix fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen 125+125 g/ha (PoE) at 30 DAS enhanced growth parameters viz., plant height, branches per plant; yield attributes i.e., number of pods per plant and ultimately lead to greater seed yield and stover yield. These herbicidal weed management options also reduced population in addition to dry matter of weeds and had less reduction in yield due to better control of weeds, less crop-weed competition and higher weed control efficiency.
Yield and Bio-Chemical Parameters of Onion (Allium Cepa L.) and Consequences of Saline Irrigation Water on It
Authors: Patel J. A. , Vekaria L. C. , Chauhan A. H. , Solanki D. M.
Published: April 2024

At Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science a pot experiment was conducted during the rabi, season of 2017-18. Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science situated at College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat. The objective of the study is to assess the consequences of saline irrigation water on yield of Onion (Allium Cepa L.) varieties. The study also possess the growth and nutrients composition of Onion (Allium Cepa L.) varieties and effect of saline irrigation water on it. Four levels of salinity are contained viz., < 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 dS m-1. GJWO-3, GJRO-11, Talaj red, Pilli patti and PWF-131 these five varieties comprised in factorial completely randomized design with three replications. It found that the yield of chlorophyll a (5.77 mg/gf.wt), chlorophyll-b (4.22 mg/gf.wt), and total chlorophyll were significantly influenced by different levels of salinity, whereas; yield of fresh straw (37.03 g/pot), bulb (37.49 g/pot), RWC, proline (0.96 µmole/gf.wt), were significantly influenced among different varieties of onion tested.
Effect of Plant Spacing and Nutrient Levels on Growth and Yield of Red Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra)
Authors: Tejashwini . , Vidya A . , Hanumantharaya, B. G. .
Published: April 2024

An experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of plant spacing and nutrient levels on the growth and yield of red cabbage. This experiment involved three distinct spacing configurations (45cmx30cm, 45cmx45cm, and 45cmx60cm) and nutrient levels (75% NPK, 100% NPK, and 125% NPK). The experiment was designed as a Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRCBD) and carried out at the Department of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, during the 2021-22 period. This study infers that spacing and nutrients promote the vegetative growth of plants. The spacing configuration of 45cm X 60cm with 125% NPK resulted in the most significant outcomes, including the highest number of leaves (28.93), maximum plant height (36.71 cm), maximum fresh weight of the head (1421.80 g) and highest head volume (1360.19 cc) which could be because of wider spacing and higher nutrient doses. Conversely, the spacing configuration of 45cm X 30cm with 75% NPK demonstrated the early head initiation (45.60 days) and the most compact head formation (0.38). The highest yield per hectare (74.43 t) was achieved with the spacing configuration of 45cmx30cm using 125% NPK which improved greater availability of nutrients and, as a result, boosted the vegetative development.
Early-Generation Evaluation of Marker-Assisted Transfer of bmr6 and bmr12 Alleles into Sweet and High-biomass Sorghum
Authors: Reddy Y. Vinod Kumar , Lavanya Gera Roopa , Chavan Sonal , Gorthy Sunita , Sargar Pramod Ramchandra , Krishna Kasanaboina , Bruno Awio , Thakur Niranjan Ravindra , Habyarimana Ephrem
Published: April 2024

The effects of transferring brown midrib (bmr) alleles in sweet and high biomass sorghums (SS/HBM) are not fully understood, and available works produced mixed results depending upon the genetic background of the recurrent parent used. Early-generation testing of the effects of the two mutations in the background of the recurrent parents can help predict the final products and make appropriate early go/no-go breeding decisions, yet, this information is missing. The present study was therefore carried out to reduce these gaps. Marker-assisted transfer of the bmr6 and bmr12 was performed using four (SSV84, ICSB474, ICSV18003, ICSV100324) SS and one (ICSV15024) HBM wild type (WT) lines as recurrent parents, and one bmr6 (N609) and two bmr12 (ICSV101039 and N600) lines as donor parents. Crossing and backcrossing techniques were used to transfer the bmr alleles to develop BC2F2 and F3 populations. Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) marker genotyping assays were performed and implemented for the indirect selection of the bmr transfer in F1 and BC_F1 populations. While the bmr6 markers were polymorphic, the bmr12 markers were monomorphic. The successful bmr6 transfer was therefore confirmed by markers in F1 and BC_F1, while for bmr12 the transfer was confirmed after segregation assessment in F2 and BC_F2 populations. The transfer of bmr12 improved the cellulose content relative to WT genotypes, and bmr12 populations were shorter-statured relative to bmr6 individuals, meaning that bmr12 gene can be considered in sorghum breeding to boost 2G bioethanol bioconversion and to control lodging, and hence favouring mechanical harvesting and limiting yield losses. The observed earliness in the bmr lines is an attractive trait conferring adaptation in the drylands, particularly in the world’s semi-arid tropics characterized by terminal drought stress. Both bmr alleles did not show any negative trade-offs relative to the must-have sorghum plant characteristics, implying that they can safely be deployed in sorghum breeding for bioenergy production purposes. The observed superior bmr lines with farmer-preferred phenotypic acceptance are candidates not only for advancement in breeding pipelines but also for subsequent pyramiding bmr6 and bmr12 in the same genetic background, further improving the bmr-conferred benefits. The successfully used molecular markers will be uploaded in the public domain and can help breed sorghum products other than SS/HBM such as high-quality forage sorghums.
Population Dynamics of Helicoverpa armigera in Chickpea, (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Devi Ragni , Chandra Umesh , Kumar Pankaj , Singh Sameer Kumar , Rajak Ravi Kumar
Published: April 2024

The present studies on population dynamics of gram pod borer insect pest were carried out at Students’ Instructional Farm (SIF) of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (UP), India during Rabi 2022-23 and 2023-24. The present study revealed that gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera was commenced from the first fortnight of November and touched the highest at 8th  SMW (2.98 pod borer larvae per plant) and 7th SMW (3.54 pod borer larvae per plant) in both the year, respectively. The population of H. armigera had a non-significant positive correlation with rainfall (r= 0.101) in Rabi 2022-23. The population of H. armigera had a significant positive correlation with wind speed (r= 0.495*) in Rabi 2023-24.
Advances in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Breeding: Integrating Genomics for Enhanced Crop Improvement
Authors: Singh Anupam , Pandey Manoj Kumar
Published: April 2024

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) holds significant importance as a vegetable crop, thriving in tropical and subtropical regions globally, especially in the warmer areas of temperate zones. Traditional breeding approaches tailored for self-pollinated crops have been utilized to enhance the genetic diversity of okra. These methods encompass various techniques such as plant introduction, pure line selection, hybridization combined with selection, mutation breeding, and heterosis breeding. Particularly in countries like India, pedigree selection and heterosis breeding have led to the development of numerous okra varieties and hybrids, significantly impacting local agricultural practices. Contemporary okra breeding focuses on traits crucial for optimal performance, including high yield potential, resistance to prevalent diseases like Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (YVMV) and Okra Enation Leaf Curl Virus (OELCV), tolerance to sucking pests and borers, ease of harvest, deep green fruit coloration, and desirable plant architecture. Public sector institutions have played a pivotal role in introducing and disseminating improved okra varieties and hybrids, with more than 33 cultivars introduced in recent decades. Some of these varieties have demonstrated substantial improvements in okra production across India. This review offers an overview of the current state of okra breeding, encompassing genetic resources, cytogenetic relationships, breeding goals, varietal development processes, efforts in resistance breeding, biotechnological interventions, and future improvement strategies. By consolidating existing knowledge and highlighting ongoing research initiatives, this article aims to provide guidance and inspiration for further advancements in okra breeding and genomics, ultimately contributing to the sustainability and productivity of this essential vegetable crop.
Genetic Variability and Character Association among the Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Niger [Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass.]
Authors: Rao M. Srinivasa , Rani S. Ujwala , Rao P. Joga , Kumar K. Girish
Published: April 2024

Niger is a minor oil seed crop mostly cultivated in high altitude and tribal zones of India with relatively lower productivity. Development of varieties with higher yielding ability needs keen observations and scientific studies on the genetic variability and character association studies among the available germplasm or in the breeding material. The present investigation was carried out with a main objective to estimate the extent of genetic variability and character association with respect to yield and yield component traits. Thirty five genotypes of niger were collected from different niger stations and sown in rabi, 2022 in a randomized block design at Regional Agricultural Research Station, High Altitude and Tribal Zone, Chintapalle, ANGRAU. Observations were recorded on five plants in each line in each replication for plant height (cm), number of branches plant-1, number of capitula plant-1, test weight (g) and seed yield plant-1 (g). Days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity and seed yield ha-1 (kg/ha) were recorded on plot basis. Analysis of heritability(bs) and genetic advance as percent of mean revealed that four characters viz., plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of capitula plant-1 and seed yield plant-1 are governed by additive gene action, which can be improved further by simple selection methods. Majority of the characters under study are having a significant positive association with seed yield ha-1which helps in indirect selection for higher yield by using these character combinations. All the characters showed significant and positive association with seed yield plant-1which helps in indirect selection of genotypes for improved yielding ability.
Effect of Time of Transplanting and Spacing on Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum)
Authors: Shinde Sharmila , Gaikwad R. T. , Khaire P. B.
Published: April 2024

An experiment investigating the impact of transplanting time and spacing on Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) was conducted over three Kharif seasons from 2018-19 to 2020-21 at AICRP on Medicinal, Aromatic Plants and Betelvine. Twenty treatment combinations were arranged in a FRBD design. Transplanting times varied from June to August, with spacing options ranging from 60x45 cm to 75 x 60 cm. Recorded observations included plant height, primary branches per plant, fresh herbage yield, and dry herbage yield. Results indicated significant differences across all parameters based on transplanting time and spacing. Transplanting during the first fortnight of July (D3) resulted in the highest values for plant height (98.20 cm), branches per plant (16.63), fresh herbage yield (99.98 q/ha), and dry herbage yield (18.91 q/ha). The treatment of transplanting during the second fortnight of June (D2) showed comparable results. Among spacing options, 60 x 45 cm (S1) demonstrated the most favorable outcomes. Notably, the combined treatment of transplanting during the first fortnight of July with 60 x 45 cm spacing (D3S1) yielded the highest plant height (99.21 cm), fresh herbage yield (122.54 q/ha), and dry herbage yield (23.02 q/ha). Economically, this treatment also proved superior, with a net monetary return of ₹91453/- and a B:C ratio of 1.99. Overall, findings suggest that transplanting Tulsi seedlings between the second fortnight of June and the first fortnight of July, coupled with 60 x 45 cm spacing, maximizes productivity and economic returns.
Postpartum Psychopathological Disorders
Authors: Bouguermouh Y. , Manseur F.
Published: April 2024

Pregnancy and the postpartum period are times of psychological vulnerability. The postpartum period is particularly prone to complications. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of psychopathological disorders during the postpartum period.
Effect of Nitrogen and Crop Geometry on Growth and Yield of Baby Corn
Authors: Umamaheswari S. , Singh Rajesh , Pradhan Akankhya
Published: April 2024

The field experiment was conducted to investigate the Effect of Nitrogen and Crop Geometry on Growth and Yield ofBaby Corn during Zaid season of 2023 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. The main objectives of experiment is to studythe efficacy of nitrogen and crop geometry on growth and yield of baby corn. The experiment was executed using Randomized Block Design with ten treatments and replicated thrice. The treatments combinations are T1:Nitrogen 60kg/ha + Crop Geometry 40cm × 20cm T2: Nitrogen 80kg/ha + Crop Geometry40cm × 20cm T3: Nitrogen 100kg/ha + Crop Geometry 40cm × 20cm T4: Nitrogen 60kg/ha + Crop Geometry 50cm × 20cm T5: Nitrogen 80kg/ha + Crop Geometry 50cm × 20cm T6: Nitrogen 100kg/ha + Crop Geometry 50cm × 20cm T7: Nitrogen 60kg/ha + Crop Geometry 60cm × 20cm. T8: Nitrogen 80kg/ha + Crop Geometry 60cm × 20cm T9: Nitrogen 100kg/ha + Crop Geometry 60cm × 20cm, T10: Control (RDF-60- 40-40 NPK kg/ha) are used. The result of the study revealed that the higher plant height (173.47 cm), higher plant dry weight (29.3 g/plant), number of cobs/plant (2.1), green fodder yield (33.32 t/ha), cob yield with husk (12.30 t/ha), andcob yield without husk (4.33 t/ha) were significantly showed significant difference with application of Nitrogen100kg/ha + Crop Geometry 50cm × 20cm. It was concluded that for obtaining higher yield components with better quality of baby corn with Nitrogen 100 kg/ha + Crop Geometry 50cm × 20cm was recommended.
Study on Implementation of Concepts of Project Management Theories in Delivery of Projects in Ghana
Authors: Okine Joseph
Published: April 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate on the project management theories on project delivery. Project Management Theories has been underlined as one of the key diagnosis among businesses and economic growth with project delivery.

Methods: A comprehensive review was carried out with the aid of online research journal websites as well as other in-context articles. While conducting this study, the key words in the search query were directed towards project management theories and project delivery in Ghana. Areas noted in relation to this study was use of project management theories among businesses and Ghana’s economic growth. Therefore, there was linkage of papers pointing out the effects on project management theories on project delivery.

Results: The findings indicate that corporations have little to no say over project performance metrics and are unable to take on responsibilities outside of their core competencies. Managers' decision-making improves when they have access to reliable data. Having clear project goals in mind is crucial for making informed investment decisions. 

Conclusion: This comprehensive review provides an in-depth understanding of project management theories on the project management deliveries among businesses and the growth of the economy in Ghana.
Early Detection: Machine Learning Techniques in Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Sai Mallipudi Devi Siva , Prudhvi Palaparthi , Gopi Gollapudi M Naga Venkata Sai , Sai Ram Indla Ganeswara Naga , Sandeep Mandadi Ram , Pachhala NagaBabu
Published: April 2024

Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor that poses a significant threat to patients' lives. Malignant growth is the abnormal development of cell tissue. Pancreatic illness is one of the most obvious causes of mortality across the world. Pancreatic malignant development begins in the pancreatic tissues. The pancreas secretes proteins that aid in digestion as well as hormones that direct sugar breakdown. Pancreatic cancer is typically identified in its late stages, spreads quickly, and has a terrible prognosis. Biomarkers are critical in the management of patients with invasive malignancies. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma has a dismal prognosis due to its advanced appearance and limited treatment choices. This is compounded by the lack of validated screening and predicting biomarkers for early detection and precision therapy, respectively. In this paper, we have attempted to discuss various Machine Learning methods to detect pancreatic cancer. The selected. urinary biomarkers values are provided as the input of Support Vector Machine (SVM), Extra Tree Classifier (ETC), Decision Tree (DT), and Random Forest (RF) methods. The diagnosing accuracy of pancreatic cancer using SVM, ETC, DT, and RF classifiers are 50, 82.16, 81.03, and 86 respectively. The experimental results prove that the Random Forest classifier is more feasible and promising for clinical applications for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer when compared to ETC, DT, and SVM.
Challenges and Outcomes of Chronic Dialysis in Children: A Narrative Review
Authors: Sager Bader Osama , Alkaleb Fahad Beshr , Alhariqi Ibrahim Abdullah , Alharbi Aseel Abdulhafez , Alahmadi Mohammed A. , Elmahdi Faris M
Published: April 2024

Chronic dialysis is a life-saving treatment for children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, it comes with difficult challenges, cardiovascular ones being the most significant and fatal. Chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is also a common complication of chronic dialysis, as it has significant effects on growth and cardiovascular health. Infections are also a significant problem for those on chronic dialysis. The cost of dialysis and the lifestyle of Children with CKD are also not optimal, as they have a significantly lower Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) than children with other chronic illnesses. Children on chronic dialysis face several difficult challenges, which differ between peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD). Most of these challenges are manageable or preventable. This review article will discuss some of the challenges that children and their families encounter during chronic dialysis strategies to manage these challenges and the outcomes of long-term kidney dialysis.
Evaluation of Rearing System on Body Condition Score and Mortality Rate of Black Bengal Goats
Authors: Debbarma Asish , Mandal Dilip Kumar , Das Ajoy , Tripura Sachin , Sarkar Debajyoti , Swain Sangram Keshari
Published: April 2024

The aim of the study was to compare the body condition score of Black Bengal goats reared under different rearing system and mortality rate between semi-intensive and intensive system under field condition. A total of 100 farmers were interrogated for fulfilling the parameters relevant to the purpose of current study. Age-wise classification of BBG were done into four groups, i.e., 1-3 month, 4-6 month, 7-12 month and 13-24 month of age to evaluate the body condition score among three rearing system. The present study found no substantial difference in the age group among 1-3 month, 4-6 month, 7-12 month of age managed under different system of rearing. However, a significant (p<0.05) difference was found in the age group of 13-24 month between semi-intensive and intensive system of rearing. It was observed that goats managed under intensive system was higher in body condition score by 6.81 % when compared to semi-intensive system of rearing. With subject to mortality rate, the average no. of goats died per year was comparatively higher in semi-intensive (1.20±0.10) than intensive (1.04±0.09) system of rearing under field condition. However, the mortality rate showed no significant (p<0.05) difference between the two system of rearing under field condition. From the current findings, it may be reported that the intensive system of rearing is better in terms of body condition score as well as minimizes the mortality rate of Black Bengal goat.
Exophthalmos Revealing Malignant Lymphoma
Authors: Hazil Z. , Krichen A. , Hasnaoui I. , Hassina S. , Akannour Y. , Seghini L. , Hajji Z. , Ouazzani B. , Abdallah E.
Published: April 2024

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are malignant tumors whose aggressiveness depends on the histological type of the tumor. The orbital localization may be isolated or associated with a systemic lymphoma.

The clinical polymorphism of malignant lymphomas is extreme, posing diagnostic problems and delaying therapeutic management, which is why anatomopathological examination of a tissue biopsy is the only key to diagnosis.

We report the case of a patient who presented with exophthalmos revealing a lymphoma.
SISTEM PEMILAHAN DUA PRODUK MENGGUNAKAN ROBOT MANIPULATOR 6-AXIS
Authors: Soesanto Agnes , Khoswanto Handry , Sugiarto Indar
Published: April 2024

Revolusi industri 4.0 yang sedang berkembang pesat telah mempengaruhi perkembangan pendidikan. Untuk mempersiapkan mahasiswa menghadapi era industri 4.0, laboratorium elektronika di Universitas Kristen Petra telah membuat modul berdasarkan kebutuhan industri saat ini. Pemisahan dua produk telah menjadi suatu kebutuhan dalam industri manufaktur. Saat ini, pemisahan produk telah beralih dari metode manual menjadi otomatis guna meningkatkan efisiensi. Sistem yang akan dibuat akan menggunakan robot universal 3 CB-Series untuk mengambil produk dari konveyor. Sistem ini juga akan menggunakan web camera sebagai penglihatan komputer dengan menggunakan OpenCV untuk mendeteksi produk, serta encoder untuk melacak pergerakan serta kecepatan konveyor. Berdasarkan uji coba yang dilakukan, sistem berhasil memisahkan produk berdasarkan rasa dengan membedakan warna dari kotak produk. Sistem ini dapat beroperasi dengan baik pada kecepatan konveyor sebesar 0,0708 meter/detik dan intensitas cahaya antara 1,36 hingga 1,72 lumen, dengan tingkat keberhasilan mencapai 99%. Jika terdapat permen yang masuk ke dalam sistem namun warnanya tidak terdaftar dalam program OpenCV, produk tersebut tidak akan terdeteksi.