bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a Novel Control Technique in Landsman Converter Using Bumble Bee Optimization
Authors: A. Rahiman Riyaz , C. John Wiselin M
Published: July 2019

This paper focuses on a solar PV array based BLDC motor employing Landsman converter under partial shading condition (PSC). A converter acts as an interface between the SPV array under PSC and Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) feeding the Brushless DC (BLDC) motor. BLDC motor incorporating the merits of higher efficiency, high reliability, high ruggedness, easy-to-drive, capability to operate successfully at low voltage and excellent performance over a wide range of speed. The speed control of BLDC motor by variable DC-link voltage. This eliminates the additional phase current sensing, DC-link voltage sensing, additional control and associated circuitry. The proposed system includes simplicity control, compactness, and soft starting of the BLDC motor. The operation of Landsman converter in CCM results reduced stress on devices.  To optimize the operating point of the SPV array in order to get maximum possible power output by means of the better maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique. The technique is Bumble Bee Mating Optimization (BBMO) based MPPT. The novel technique is compared to the conventional techniques. The simulated results are executed in MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Structuring, Design and Analysis of a Pentab and SIW Cavity Backed Antenna for Iot Applications
Authors: P. Cowsigan S , Saraswady D
Published: July 2019

Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) cavity backed antenna technology is a new form of transmission line facilitating the realization of non-planar (waveguide based) circuits into planar form for easy integration with other planar (Microstrip) circuits and systems. They retain the low copper and dielectric loss property of traditional metallic waveguides and are widely used in integration of walls, floors and flame redundant wearable. SIW-CB antenna is a perfect candidate for IoT based wearable antenna with FR4 substrate. In this sense we structurizean efficient small size antenna for IoT applications to operate in the range of 5 – 15 GHz. FR4-epoxy  substrate is chosen so that the losses are minimized hence improving the efficiency. The proposed antenna resonates at 5.4, 6.9,9.1,11.5 & 14.2 GHz hence forming the Pentaband with a maximum return loss of 38.6 db. The other antenna parameter values are Gain 28.5 db, efficiency 90% and VSWR 1.
Design of an Ultra-Wideband Antenna for Breast Cancer Detection
Authors: Jayapriya C , Meena Alias Jeyanthi K , . .
Published: July 2019

Ultra Wideband (UWB) radar is assuring technology for breast cancer detection based on the dielectric constant between normal and tumor tissues at Microwave frequencies. A Suitable design of a Microstrip Patch in Ultrawideband is proposed for microwave imaging in biomedical applications. Currently used clinical diagnostic methods, such as X-ray Mammography, Ultra-Sound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, are limited by cost and reliability issues. These limitations have motivated researchers to develop a more effective, low-cost diagnostic method and involving lower ionization for cancer detection. The literature suggests a Side Slotted Vivaldi Antenna (SSVA) is clustered around 2.4GHz as the ISM band which is used for breast phantom measurement. Experimental validation is done mainly by using an antenna for detecting tumor cells inside a breast which is highly demanded as comfortable approach.
Dynamic Stability Improvement of Power System with VSC-HVDC Transmission
Authors: Vasudevan R , Ramalakshmi S
Published: July 2019

A new management approach for the reactive-power injections of Voltage supply Converters in High Voltage DC (VSC-HVDC) multi-terminal Systems to enhance grid transient stability. A reactive-power supplementary signal is provided for each convertor. Its worth is proportional to the frequency deviation of its consequent AC bus with admiration to the weighed-average frequency of the multiterminal system stations. The hope is to extend (decrease) the magnetism torsion of generators close to those terminals during which the frequency is superior to (below) the weighed-average frequency used. The AC frequency for all VSC stations is ever more accessible regionally for synchronization functions and will be utilized by a central controller. Simulations are allotted victimization PSS/E and therefore the outcome have revealed that transient stability is enlarged victimization this approach. Since this approach uses world capability of all VSC stations, the collision of the communication delays has been analyzed, concluding that the depressing consequence is modest, for realistic latency values.
Study on Feebly Local Function
Authors: Yousif Jaafar Al-Fahham Afeefa , Kadham Altalkany Yiezi
Published: July 2019

A new type of local function in ideal topological spaces was submitted with some theorems and relations between the new type of local function and other types
Laboratory Scale Modelling and the Treatment of Biomedical Wastes Through Herbaceuticals for Manure Production
Authors: D. Viswanath E. , Balasundaram N. , Senthil Vadivel T.
Published: July 2019

Biomedical waste disposal practices are becoming important in both the developing and developed countries and need to be properly followed by the human being. An effective utilization of waste helps to have potent products like biofertilizer, bio-manure and also mineral resources like Ca, Mg, Fe, Co etc. The present study involves the treatment of biomedical waste by applying primary treatment using seaweeds (Padina tetrastromatica and Amphiroa fragilissima) and herboceuticals (turmeric & neem extracts). The experiments were designed to find out the optimum concentration of the substrate, incubation period and time in the treatment process. The secondary treatment process consisted of alkaline hydrolysis process with various concentrations to treat biomedical wastes. The bacterial load and count were analysed in all the treatment processes. The final characterization of the treated waste was analysed for the potential of bio-manure production. The result revealed that the bacterial reduction efficacy and residual mass was found to be 15000 CFU/mL and 0.94 g at the end of the 4th day, whereas the efficiencies optimized by RSM for bacterial count and residual mass were 16481.6 CFU/mL and 0.5426 g respectively. It was observed that bacterial count steadily decreased from 20000 to 5 CFU/mL of sample, when the temperature range varied from 30 to 750 C. The results of bio-manure production showed that nitrogen and phosphorous contents were enriched after the treatment procedures and the moisture content was reduced to < 2 %.Â Â
Slope Stability Analysis for Proposed Footing Construction Seated on Sloppy Ground
Authors: Deepika Tirumala , . .
Published: July 2019

Slope failures are one of the common phenomena in the Geotechnical failures. Thus it is needed to arrest the failure through proper mechanism.  Considering this as a scope the present study is oriented to address the analysis of sloppy site where the proposed building foundation to be constructed with different slopes as a natural construction site. The stability is checked and the anchors are used to improve the stability aspect of slope. The study found that the homogeneous soil slope is improved its safety under the usage of anchors.
Experimental Investigation on Mechanical and Durability Properties of Concrete with Plastic Waste
Authors: N V Visweswara Sastry Dhara V. , Kumar. K Sunil , Vimala. A Dr.
Published: July 2019

Industrial activities in India are associated with significant amounts of non – biodegradable solid waste and plastic waste. Plastic waste being prominent which is rarely recycled with as much as 40% left in landfill. Plastic waste is causing environmental pollution which is a major problem in the present era as the usage of plastic is growing day by day and it takes hundreds of years for plastic material to degrade. The plastic if burnt releases many toxic gases, which are very dangerous for health. So, there is an urgent need to recycle plastic waste so as to reduce the environmental impact. One possible way to minimize the plastic waste is to use plastic waste in concrete industry. Environmental concerns arising from the over dredging of sand have led to restriction on its extraction across India, a suitable environmental friendly alternative to sand must be found to match the huge demand in the concrete construction industry. To tackle both the issues plastic waste can be used in the concrete as the replacement of fine aggregate in known proportions. In this research work the fine aggregate has been replaced by two types of plastic waste, one is Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and second one is Polypropylene (PP) in varying proportions to find out the optimum content of plastic waste. The optimum content of plastic waste was determined by conducting tests on mechanical and durability properties. The mechanical test results shown that LDPE and PP plastic waste can be used in concrete mixtures up to 5% replacement level with fine aggregate. For this replacement level the durability property – Sulphate attack resistance was determined, results demonstrate the mass loss of specimens and compressive strength.
Cost Overrun Factors Involving Local Private Residential
Authors: Fatma Arisya Nik Yahya Nik , S.K Suhaida , Aini Osman Nurul , Abdul Razak Nadeera
Published: July 2019

Cost is the prime factor for driving to the successful of a project. A poor cost performance become a common problem in worldwide which bring a significant financial risk to both contractors and clients. Construction projects are relatively risky because the projects operate in a complexity and dynamic situation. This study aimed to explore the major contributors of cost overrun and propose strategies in minimizing the cost overrun factors involving local private residential projects in Malaysia. A quantitative method was applied to the respondents from contractors firm Grade G7 in Selangor area, and the data were analyzed using Likert scale to obtain mean score. There are 5 categories of cost overrun factors found from previous studies. Design error and poor contractors site supervision were ranked as the top two contributors to cost overrun in Private Residential Projects. Additionally, 79% of the respondents agreed that construction projects face cost overrun with an average amount of 1-5% of contract sum. 9 strategies are available to overcome the problems and the result shows that effective strategic planning is the most effective mitigation.
Optimal Pair DNA Sequence Alignment based on Matching Regions and Multi-Zone Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Q. Abedulridha Sara , S. Al-Shamery Eman
Published: July 2019

DNA sequence alignment is an important and challenging task in Bioinformatics, which is used for finding the optimal arrangement between two sequences. In this paper, two methods are proposed in two stages to solve the pairwise sequence alignment problem. The first method is Matching Regions(MR) concerns on splitting the DNA into regions with adaptive interleaving windows to isolate the DNA tape into matched and non-matched regions. Additionally, a Multi-Zone Genetic Algorithm (MZGA) is proposed as an improved method in the second stage. It consists of segmenting a large non-matched region into smaller search space. Then, the MZGA is implemented in parallel to save time. Genetic Algorithm can be applied as an optimization toolto produce multiple solutions. Furthermore, the improvement focuses on the enhancement of Simple GA operators. In the selection, the population is divided into three Zones according to the fitness score. A new crossover approach is proposed depending on cut-points and location of gaps. The proposed method guarantees that the value of fitness tends to improvement or convergence in each successive generation. Thus, the offspring of populations will have better fitness value. The system has been applied to the real-world dataset of DNA with variable lengths which are ranged from 66 bases up to 26037 bases. As a result, the proposed technique satisfied the best alignment score of the DNA sequences. Finally, it is worth mentioning that the proposed system proved to be generalizable.Â Â
Assessment of Water Quality of Shatt Al-Basrah Canal using Water Pollution Index
Authors: A. Hassan Ayman , S. Dawood Ammar , J. AL-Mansori Nassrin
Published: July 2019

This study evaluates the water quality for the Canal of Shatt Al-Basrah, located in Basrah province, Iraq. The Shatt Al-Basrah Canal used to connect the waterway from Al-Hammar marshes in the north of Basrah province, to Khor Al-Zubair port in the south of the province. Nine physicochemical water quality parameters have been measured and analyzed for calculating the water pollution index (WPI) in the Canal. These parameters, which were used in developing the WPI, included: Potential of Hydrogen (pH), Nitrate (NO3-), Calcium (Ca2+), Total Alkalinity (TA.), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Sodium (Na+), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Sulfate (SO42-), Phosphate (PO43-), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Hardness (TH), Chloride (Cl-), Magnesium (Mg2+), and Potassium (K+). The aim of this paper is to analyze and assess the water pollution of the Shatt Al-Basrah Canal in the year 2014, making use of the WPI method.Â  The annual WPI mean value during the study period was more than the safe value; therefore, the water quality of the Canal ranged from impure (type V) to the heavily impure (type VI) and hence definitely regarded as unsuitable for drinking uses. Consequently, there is a need that is immediate to take some measures to stop the pollution and enhance the water quality of the Canalas a component that is integral tothe environment in Basrah province. In Basrahprovince, the disposal of wastewater in the Shatt Al-Basrah Canal is big maintenance difficulty of the Canal water quality.Â  Â
Reduce the Influence of Horizontal and Vertical Cold Joints on the Behavior of High Strength Concrete Beam Casting in Hot Weather by Using Sugar Molasses
Authors: Hameed Naser Al-Mamoori Fatimah , Hameed Naser Al-Mamoori Ali
Published: July 2019

The current research studies the effect of cold joints on the behavior shear and flexure of High Strength Concrete (HSC) beams caused by delayed casting sequence during the hot weather in summer of Iraq.Fresh concrete should be kept alive during the various casting batches for concrete element by re-vibration. However, the over vibration caused loss in homogeneity and it is difficult to keep the workability of concrete during hot weather due to the effect of setting time.To deal with this problem of improper casting sequence, which eventually leads to the formation of cold joints, it will be used sugar waste (named as Sugar Molasses (SM)) is a by-product resulted from refining process of sugar as a delayed agent to increase the setting time in order to prevent early set of concrete due to adverse effects in construction joint of hot weather.In the current study, the first objective aims to investigate some of fresh and hardened mechanical properties of HSC (with high cement content) using SM at percentages of (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) % from the weight of cement under the concept of sustainable development. The second objective aims to investigate the location and surface texture effect of horizontal and vertical cold joints on the flexural and shear behavior of beam with/without SM. This objective includes testing of twenty four plain concrete beam of (110Ã—110Ã—650 mm) under two point load; half of them casting without roughing (smooth) the old layer and the other casted after roughed it.SM content of 0.2% of cement weight can improve compressive strength by about 11.2% at 28 days and delay initial setting time by about 4.617 hours (277 minutes). No adverse effect on concrete have been observed at this dosage of SM concentration for the ages of concrete cylinders studied. Delays in the setting of concrete at this dosage of SM content help in reducing the early setting of concrete and therefore reduced the impact of the cold joints formation in concrete beams under Iraqi hot weather condition. The failure load for the beams with SM of smooth and rough vertical joints is in the range between (1.95 - 2.12) and (1.46-1.37); respectively times that of the case of beam without SM.Â
The Effect of Solar Chimney Dimensions on its Performance in Nasiriya City Weather Conditions
Authors: M. Hannun Rafid , Togun Hussein , H. Khalaf Mohammed , M. Abed Tariq
Published: July 2019

In this study, a numerical study was carried out on the effect of the solar chimney dimensions on its performance. Five different models of solar chimney were studied in terms of the diameter of the solar collector, the height of the air intake entrance of the collector and the height of the solar chimney. The five models were compared with others according to the conditions surrounding the solar chimney. The study showed that the increase in the dimensions of the solar chimney increases the utilized energy and the external air velocity is inversely proportional to the performance of the solar chimney due to increasing the thermal losses from the collector. The results showed also that increasing the temperature of the ambient air and the solar radiation increases the performance and productivity of the solar chimney. The analytical results of this paper were compared with previous literature studies and showed a great convergence between them.Â Â
Greedy Modularity Graph Clustering for Community Detection of Large Co-Authorship Network
Authors: F. Al-Mukhtar Ahmed , S. Al-Shamery Eman
Published: July 2019

Social networks as a domain of complex networks that can be represented as graphs according to the patterns of connections among their elements. Social Communities are a set of nodes with denser connections inside community structures than outside. The goal of graph clustering is to divide the large graph into many clusters depending on multiple similarity criteria. In this work an improved version of the Louvain method is proposed, the Greedy Modularity Graph Clustering for Community Detection of Large Co-AuthorshipNetwork (GMGC)which introduces a new concept of weighted edges to enhance the accuracy of the Community Discovery for the large networks. The method is compared with other states of art methods mainly, Vertices Similarity First and Community Mean (VSFCM), and Generalized Louvain method for community detection in large networks (FKCD). Extensive experimental results have been madeon different datasets. The experimental results showed that the proposed method outperforms the other states of arts comparative methods according to the modularity optimization and community partitions evaluations measures.Â Â Â
Fake Profiles Types of Online Social Networks: A Survey
Authors: Kareem Rafeef , Bhaya Wesam
Published: July 2019

Today, OSNs (Online Social Networks) considered the most platforms common on the Internet. It plays a substantial role for users of the internet to hold out their everyday actions such as news reading, content sharing, product reviews, messages posting, and events discussing etc. Unfortunately, on the OSNs some new attacks have been recognized. Different types of spammers are existing in these OSNs. These cyber-criminals containing online fraudsters, sexual predators, catfishes, social bots, and advertising campaigners etc.OSNs abuse in different ways especially by creating fake profiles to carry out scams and spread their content. The identities of all these malicious are so damaging to the service providers and the users. From the opinion of OSNs service providers, the loss of bandwidth moreover the overall reputation of the network is affected by fake profiles. Thus, needing more complex automated methods, and tremendous effort manpower to discover and stopping these harmful users.This paper explains different kinds of OSNs risk generators such as cloned profiles, compromised profiles, and online bots (spam-bots, chat-bots, and social-bots). In addition, it presents several classifications of features that have been used for training classifiers in order to discover fake profiles. We try to show different ways that used to detect every kind of these malicious profiles. Also, this paper trying to show what is the dangerous type of profile attacks and the most popular in OSNs.Â Â
The Experimental and Theoretical Study in Performance of Chilled Ceiling
Authors: Ali AbdulGhafor Israa , S. Mehdi Qasim , A. Abdulrasool Adnan.
Published: July 2019

The present study represents the experimental study for the performance of the chilled ceiling and it ability to achieve thermal condition in occupied zone. The experimental study included the effect of different internal load of (1600, 1300and 1000) W and different supplied chilled water temperatures of (13.3, 14.2, 16.8 and 18)Â°C on the performance of chilled ceiling. The experimental results show that the cooling capacity of chilled ceiling increases as temperature of supplied water decreases. For decreases in Â temperature ofÂ  supplied chilled water by 33.5%,the cooling capacity of chilled ceiling Â is increasedÂ  by 18.73%.This study presented theoretical study of velocity and temperature distributionÂ Â  in occupied zone when using chilled ceiling.Â
Developing a General Methodology and Construct a Driving Cycle with an Economic Performance Evaluation for Basrah City
Authors: S. Najem Haider , A. Jawad Qahtan , K. Ali Abdulbaki , S. Munahi Basil
Published: July 2019

In this paper, a statistical method is employed to develop a driving cycle for Basrah city and to find out the factor score and the Euclidean distance analysis by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). A simple electronic system is built to construct the driving cycle, the system considered a microcontroller and a GPS sensor connected to a PC through a simple C++ code. The development of the proposed driving cycle represents the first model driving cycle in the city of Basra. The advisor software package is used to investigate the economic performance of the internal combustion engine based on HC, CO, and NOx exhaust emissions. It was found that the obtained driving cycle is significantly different than the other driving cycles in terms of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption and within the expected range of emissions. The developed driving cycle model obtained is a representative delicate estimation of the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption, and will be utilized for future work to obtain a good performance of the hybrid electric vehicles.Â Â
Experimental Investigation and Mathematical Modelling of Pressure Transfer Function for Air Compressor
Authors: A. AbdulKareem Mishaal
Published: July 2019

A mathematical model is developed to estimate the pressure response of an insulated electric air compressor. A pressure switch is modeled as a comparator and the electric motor as an amplifier. It is assumed that the compressed air is a perfect gas when applying the isentropic process. In addition, the effect of a step, ramp and sinusoidal functions of disturbance signals on the air pressure has been studied.Â  A good agreement was obtained when comparing the predicted results with the measured values obtained from the experimental test that was done using a (1.32 kW, 23 litter and 8 bar) electric reciprocating air compressor. In addition, the same behavior of the predicted results was obtained when compared with results of a previously published article. It was found that the time constant of this control system is directly proportional with the value of the spring constant that is inserted inside the pressure switch and with the volume of air storage vessel, and it is inversely proportional with the gain of the amplifier and with the effective cross-sectional area of the pressure switch diaphragm and it is independent of the value of operating pressure set point. In addition, when the value of disturbance signal is positive, it will increase the output pressure response and when it is negative, it will decrease it.Â
Online Validation of Relay based Identification and Controller Design with an Anti-Reset Windup for a Binary Distillation Column
Authors: Sarath Yadav Eadala , Indiran Thirunavukkarasu , Priya Selvanathan Shanmuga , UG Ganesh
Published: July 2019

Sequential auto-tuning based model identification is a closed loop approach, which has an extensive benefit compared to conventional methods because of user defined manipulated gain to the process within the verge of instability. Model parameters estimation of multi input multi output process is challenging because of existence of multivariable interaction among the variables. In this paper ideal relay is used as a sequential basis for binary distillation column in real time. Obtaining sustained oscillations in conventional methods is based on trial and error, benefit of relay is that oscillations can be generated as scaling of user defined gains. Predictive PI control algorithm is implemented. Results depicts the efficiency of methodology and importance of anti-reset term in the algorithm.Â Â
Effect of Mutation and Crossover Probabilities on Genetic Algorithm and Signature Based Intrusion Detection System
Authors: Prakash N Kalavadekar Mr. , Shirish S. Sane Dr.
Published: July 2019

Conventional methods of intrusion prevention like firewalls, cryptography techniques or access management schemes, have not provided complete protection to computer systems and networks from refined malwares and attacks. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are giving the right solution to the current issues and became an important part of any security management system to detect these threats and will not generate widespread harm. The basic goal of IDS is to detect attacks and their nature that may harm the computer system. Several different approaches for intrusion detection have been reported in the literature. The signature based concept using genetic algorithm as features selection and, J48 as classifier to detect attack is proposed in this paper. The system was evaluated on KDD Cup 99, NSL-KDD and Kyoto 2006+ datasets.
A Novel Energy Efficient Resource Management System in Cloud Computing Environment.
Authors: K. Sonkar S. , U.Kharat M.
Published: July 2019

Primary target of cloud provider is to provide the maximum resource utilization and increase the revenue by reducing energy consumption and operative cost. In the service providers point of view, resource allocation, resource sharing, migration of resources on demand, memory management, storage management, load balancing, energy efficient resource usage, computational complexity handling in virtualization are some of the major tasks that has to be dealt with. The major issue focused in this paper is to reduce the energy consumption problem and management of computation capacity utilization.  For the same, an energy efficient resource management method is proposed to grip the resource scheduling and to minimize the energy utilized by the cloud datacenters for the computational work. Here a novel resource allocation mechanism is proposed, based on the optimization techniques. Also a novel dynamic virtual machine (VM) allocation method is suggested to help dynamic virtual machine allocation and job rescheduling to improve the consolidation of resources to execute the jobs. Experimental results indicated that proposed strategy outperforms as compared to the existing systems.
Extraction of Meaningful Information from the Web: a Brief Survey
Authors: V. Chobe Santosh , Shirish S. Sane Dr.
Published: July 2019

There is an explosive growth of information on Internet that makes extraction of relevant data from various sources, a difficult task for its users. Therefore, to transform the Web pages into databases, Information Extraction (IE) systems are needed. Relevant information in Web documents can be extracted using information extraction and presented in a structured format.By applying information extraction techniques, information can be extracted from structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data. This paper presents some of the major information extraction tools. Here, advantages and limitations of the tools are discussed from a user’s perspective.
Multi-label Classification: a survey
Authors: S. Tidake Vaishali , S. Sane Shirish
Published: July 2019

Wide use of internet generates huge data which needs proper organization leading to text categorization. Earlier it was found that a document describes one category. Soon it was realized that it can describe multiple categories simultaneously. This scenario reveals the use of multi-label classification, a supervised learning approach, which assigns a predefined set of labels to an object by looking at its characteristics. Earlier used in text categorization, but soon it became the choice of researchers for wide applications like marketing, multimedia annotation, bioinformatics. Two most common approaches for multi-label classification are transformation which takes the benefit of existing single label classifiers preceded by converting multi-label data to single label, or an adaptation which designs classifiers which handle multi-label data directly. Another popular approach is ensemble of multiple classifiers taking votes of all. Other approaches are also available namely algorithm independent and algorithm dependent approach. Based on results produced, suitable metric is used for example or label wise evaluation which depends on whether prediction is binary or ranking. Every approach offers benefits and issues like loss of label dependency in transformation, complexity in case of adaptation, improvement in results using ensemble which should be considered during design of underlying application.
Scalable Execution of KNN Queries using Data Parallelism Approach
Authors: V. Metre Kalpana , U. Kharat M
Published: July 2019

In recent years, real-time data-oriented applications such as sensor networks, telecommunications data management, network monitoring are required to process various continuous queries on unbounded data streams. A lot of work has been done to deal with the computational complications in constant processing of continuous queries on unbounded, continuous data stream. The K-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN) is a well-known learning method used in a wide range of problem-solving domains e.g., network monitoring, data mining, and image processing etc. The efficient and scalable processing of multiple continuous queries on dynamic data items requires query indexing and data indexing. Query processing algorithms used on static databases are not well suited to handle dynamic continuous queries over high dimensional data sets.  It is better to build the index for queries which is finite rather than to build the index for data which is infinite. A divide-and-conquer approach is used for indexing and searching for K-nearest neighbors. The approach significantly will reduce the space complexity and will scale well with the increasing data size. The hybrid indexing approach using grid and a K-dimensional tree will reduce the space cost as well searching cost. The data parallelism will provide scalability of continuous queries over high-volume streams.
Profile of Blood Glucose and Insulin after Vitamin C and Vitamin E Supplementation on Active Teenagers
Authors: Irwadi Irfiansyah , Kinandita Hayuris , Mahmud Jamaluddin , Herawati Lilik
Published: July 2019

Aim: Antioxidants, such as vitamin C and vitamin E, is widely used as supplements. The aim of this study is to analyze the profile of blood glucose, serum insulin, andÂ  HOMA in active teenagers after vitamin C and vitamin E supplementation.Methods: Subjects (14-16 y.o) consisted of 12 boys and 5 girls, divided into 3 groups: control (4 boys, 2 girls), â€˜moderate doseâ€™ of vitamin C and vitamin E combination group (5 boys, 1 girls), and â€˜high doseâ€™ of vitamin C and vitamin E combination group (3 boys, 2 girls). The treatment was given for 5 days. Vitamin C and vitamin E for â€˜moderate doseâ€™ was 500mg; Â 200IU, and for â€˜high doseâ€™ was 1000mg; 400IU. Fasting Blood Glucose (FGB) and 1 hour BG (1hr_BG), fasting serum insulin (FSI) and 1 hour SI (1hr_SI) was collected after treatment. We also calculated the HOMA-IR and HOMA-Î².Result: There was no significant difference on FBG, 1hr_BG, FSI, 1hr_SI, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-Î² (pâ‰¥ 0.05). However, mean FBG and 1hr_BG tended to be higher on the treatment groups. The control group had the lowest HOMA-IR and the highest HOMA-Î².Conclusions: We suggest that the supplementation of vitamin C and vitamin E in active teenagers is not essential on glucose homeostasis.Â Â
Simple Progression Law in Predicting the Damage Onset and Propagation in Composite Notched Laminates
Authors: Suhairil Meon Mohd , Rao Mekala Narasimha , Schroeder Kai-Uwe S
Published: July 2019

The aim of this article is to simulate the damage initiation and progression in unidirectional (UD) laminates. A three-dimensional (3D) failure criteria of Puck incorporated with degradation scheme is developed. Two types of degradation law known as sudden degradation are used to predict the damage progression in UD laminates. The establishment of constitutive law in progressive damage model (PDM) is achieved through implementation of user subroutines in Abaqus. The failure analysis is applied to various composite stacking sequences and geometries, as well as different fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials. The comparative studies revealed that the predicted ultimate failure load agree well with those available in the literature.
Effect of Ring Material and Diameter on Orthopedic Implant Stability: External Fixation in Femur Bone
Authors: Fatin Izzati Ibrahim Nur , Daud Ruslizam , Khairul Ali Hassan Muhammad , Ali Hassan Noor , Alia Md Zain Noor , Saifullah Kamaruddin Nur , Fahmi Azizan Asrul , Bajuri Yazid
Published: July 2019

Axial stiffness is the most important factor in stability. It is known that any changes in the diameter of any components of the frame will either increase or decrease the axial stiffness of the fixation. The model of implant and bone will be variety as the variables changes. Current studies states that ring stability are one of the most important factors in ensuring fractured bones to have a successful re-union. In circular external fixation, the stability of the pin-bone interaction is influenced by the stability of the fixation frame where the major component is the rings. The objective is to study the finite element analysis (FEA) of the external fixator assembled in human diaphysis under compression force with different materials of the exoskeleton which are stainless steel, titanium alloy, magnesium alloy and carbon fiber. The results obtained show the mechanical strength of each material where it will be used to compare the value of von-Mises stress, stiffness and total deformation to acquire the best suitable ring diameter and material. Based on the result, as the diameter of the ring increases, the stiffness of the ring will be decreased.
Stress Cracking Behavior of Interstitial Matrix and Cement Line Interface Deflection
Authors: Nor Syazwani Izzati Raja Ali Raja , Daud Ruslizam , Khairul Ali Hassan Muhammad , Alia Md Zain Noor , Najwa Mansor Nurul
Published: July 2019

Bone can be noticed as a complex hierarchically organized structures at several length scales, which has both metabolic and mechanical functions. One of the major type of bone is known as cortical bone as it comprises of distinct microstructures including osteons, interstitial bone, and cement line which play an important role in examining the fracture behavior in cortical bone. Microcracking of these unique features may lead to bone fracture. To date, there are a few of studies have been done regarding to its special microstructures. However, the mechanical properties of cement line is absently described to predict the cracking behavior at micro-scale level. This study aims to determine the stress distribution of cement line deflection in single osteon using finite element (FE) method. A FE analysis were performed to simulate the secondary osteon model under mode I, mode II and mixed-mode loading. The finding of this study propose the stress is accumulated near to the cement line. The maximum stress may be found to be high at the longest crack. The study concluded that the stress cracking behavior of cement line deflection is influenced by different mode of loading.
Characterisation of Skin Biomechanical Properties via Experiment-Numerical Integration
Authors: Fazli Adull Manan Nor , Muhamad Linasuriani , Adam Mohd Adnan Zurri , Azman Yahaya Mohd , Mahmud Jamaluddin
Published: July 2019

By having specific mechanical properties of skin, computational program and analysis become more reliable by showing the real skin behaviour. Up to date, mechanical properties of biological soft tissues (skin) haven’t been accepted solely for official usage. Therefore, characterisation of the skin biomechanical properties might contribute a new knowledge to the engineering and medical sciences societies. This paper highlights the success in characterising the hyperelastic parameters of leporine (rabbit) skin via experimental-numerical integration. A set of five sample of leporine skin were stretched using the conventional tensile test machine to generate the load-displacement graphs. Based on the Ogden’s constitutive equation and Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic model, a stress-stretch equation was developed and a programme was written using Matlab. By varying the Ogden’s and Mooney-Rivlin’s parameters, the programme was capable of plotting stress-stretch and load-displacement graphs. The graphs that best match the experimental results will constitut to the corresponding coefficient, µ, and α for Ogden Model and C1 and C2 material parameter for Mooney-Rivlin Model that will best describe the behaviour of the leporine skin. The current results show that the Ogden’s coefficient and exponent for the subject was estimated to be (μ = 0.048MPa, α = 7.073) & (μ = 0.020MPa, α = 9.249) for Anterior-Posterior (AP) and Dorsal-Ventral (DV) respectively for Ogden Model. Meanwhile the value for Mooney-Rivlin Model were estimated to be (C1 = 1.271, C2 = 1.868) & (C1 = 1.128, C2 = 1.537) for AP and DV respectively, which is in close agreement to results found by other researchers. Further analyses for comparison could be carried out by developing mathematical model based on other constitutive equation such as Arruda-Boyce and Neo-Hookean. Nevertheless, this study has contributed to the knowledge about skin behaviour and the results are useful for references.
Electrodeposition of Co-Ni-Fe on Stainless Steel Bolts
Authors: S. Md.Nor M. , Salleh Z. , R. N. M. Masdek N. , M Taib Y. , Z. Abu M.
Published: July 2019

In a fastening system, bolt is the first component to be susceptible to corrosive attack. The focus of the study is to investigate the feasibility of coating stainless steel 304 bolts and the coating properties obtained. In this study, the bolts were coated with cobalt-nickel-iron (Co-Ni-Fe) alloy through electrodeposition using platinized titanium as the anodes. The temperature used was 50°C and the pH of the sulphate solution were 2. The current density was 96.68 mA/cm2 and deposition time was 30 minutes. The optimum electrodeposition parameters were studied through trial and error. The characteristics of coating such as elemental percentage and microhardness were compared with the substrate. The optimum parameters obtained were current density of 145.01 mA/cm2, temperature of 60°C and 30 minutes of deposition time. The suitable substrate orientation was horizontally hanged and rotated 60° around screw axis for every 5 minutes. The mean thickness of coating was 117.4 µm. The coating exhibited 25% hardness improvement over the substrate. The 2 litres solution could be used for 7.5 hours (15 plating cycles) to produce 15 samples. As a conclusion the surface hardness was not compromised despite that Co-Ni-Fe ions had depleted in the solution.
Finite Element Analysis of Uncemented Total Hip Replacement: the Effect of Bone-Implant Interface
Authors: Faiqa Ismail Nur , Shuib Solehuddin , Azman Yahaya Muhd , Zafir Romli Ahmad , Ahmed Shokri Amran
Published: July 2019

Most uncemented total hip replacements (THR) rely on press-fit for the initial stability and thus lead to the secondary fixation which is biological fixation. Choosing the accurate interference fit may have a great effect on implant stability and implant loosening prevention. Implant loosening is the most reported problem where it leads the increasing of micromotion at the bone-implant interface due to insufficient primary fixation. By having sufficient stability or fixation after surgery, minimal relative motion between the prosthesis and bone interfaces allows osseointegration to occur. Therefore, it will provide a strong prosthesis-to-bone biological attachment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bone-implant interface for uncemented hip implant. In this study, a three-dimensional model of hip implant was designed and analysed by using commercial Finite Element Software namely, ANSYS WORKBENCH V15 software in order to investigate the bone-implant interface effect using the chosen implant design. The value of interference fit (δ= 0.01, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.50 mm) and coefficient of friction (δ= 0.15, 0.40 and 1.00) were used to simulate the bone-implant interface. It was found that the interference fit of 0.50 mm was sufficient to achieve the primary fixation and also the best fitting; thus, the implant loosening can be minimized. The interference fit of 0.50 mm was the minimal value to achieve fixation, while the coefficient of friction did not affect the bone-implant interface.
Development of a Quantitative Assessment System for Upper Limb Motor Disorder in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Nor Azmi Ab Patar Mohd , Lee Hokyoo , Mahmud Jamaluddin , Patar Azim
Published: July 2019

Many stroke patients nowadays prefer home rehabilitation, which limits their access to proper rehabilitation equipment, treatment, or assessment by therapists. Currently, the rehabilitation programs neglect to maintain a patient’s motivation in doing rehabilitation exercises. The programs also lack a monitoring system to evaluate the patients’ performance quantitatively although this is the most crucial element in rehabilitation. In order to solve these problems, we have developed a novel measurement system for upper limb motor disorder rehabilitation using an optical sensor. This system consists of an optical sensor device, a personal computer and a computerized calculated program for upper limb locus position. The optical sensor detects the user’s motions and calculates position and velocity. The sanding block position, velocity and the motion length of the block during the sanding task of five subjects with motor function disorder were measured. The accuracy of the trajectories was similar in all the actual measured subjects. These outcomes have a potential for the development of rehabilitation training programs and evaluation methods.
Quantifying Tensile Properties of Bamboo Silicone Biocomposite using Yeoh Model
Authors: Nizam Hassan Kamarul , Mahmud Jamaluddin , P.P. Abdul Majeed Anwar , Azman Yahya Mohd
Published: July 2019

The utilisation of bamboo has the potential of improving the properties of silicone. However, a thorough investigation has yet to be reported on the mechanical properties of bamboo silicone biocomposite. This study was carried out with the aim to quantify the tensile properties and assess the tensile behaviour of bamboo silicone biocomposite using Yeoh hyperelastic constitutive function. The specimens were prepared from the mix of bamboo particulate and pure silicone at various fibre composition ratio (0wt%, 1wt%, 3wt% and 5wt%) cured overnight at room temperature. A uniaxial tensile test was carried out by adopting the ASTM D412 testing standard. The Coefficient of Variation, CV, and the Coefficient of Determination, r2, were determined to assess the reliability of the experimental data and fitting model. The results of the determined Yeoh material constants for 5wt% specimen is found to be C1 = 12.0603×10-3 MPa, C2 = 8.7353×10-5 MPa and C3 = -11.6165×10-8 MPa, compared to pure silicone (0wt%) C1 = 5.6087×10-3 MPa, C2 = 8.6639×10-5 MPa and C3 = -7.6510×10-8 MPa. The results indicate that the bamboo fibre improves the stiffness of the silicone rubber by 115 percent. A low variance was exhibited by the experimental data with a CV value of less than 8 percent. The Yeoh Model demonstrated an excellent prediction of the elastic behaviour of bamboo silicone biocomposite with a fitting accuracy of more than 99.93 percent.
Biomorphic Silicon Carbide from Malaysian Hardwood
Authors: Leha Abdul Rahman Noor , Mei Hyie Koay , Kalam Anizah , Md Yusof Fauziah
Published: July 2019

Porous silicon carbide with mimicking the original microstructure of wood are prepared by pyrolysis and subsequently impregnated with silicon by silicon melt infiltration. The infiltration process was performed at 1500 °C for 3 hours holding times in inert atmosphere. Two types of wood were used as precursor which is Kapur and dark red Meranti.The morphology of resulting porous SiC have been investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The density of the samples was characterized by Archimedes methods. The excess of silicon was removed by etching with the mixture of hydrofluoric and nitric acid. The flexural strength was tested by the three-point flexural method at room temperature.It has been shown that the final SiC for both precursors have similar density. The existence of SiC was proved by the XRD result, whereas EDX analysis of silicon content revealed that the formation of silicon carbide in dark red Meranti is higher than that of Kapur. The flexural strength and modulus of dark red Meranti samples were much higher than those of the kapur samples because of higher formation of silicon carbide in dark red Meranti.
Transformations of the Right to Health Care Content, and its Connection with the Right to Biotechnology
Authors: M. Khurmatullina Alsu , R. Amirova Rimma
Published: July 2019

The paper updates the concept and the content of the constitutional right of a person and citizen. The concept of "biotechnology" is emphasized. The possibility of applying the methods of patent analysis to study the state of biotechnology is discussed.The results of the study are based on the use of the following methods: a universal dialectical method of scientific knowledge, as well as general scientific methods based on it (description, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison, analogy, generalization) and specific scientific methods (comparative legal, system-structural and formal legal).
Numerical Models for Hydraulic Refracturing on Vertical Oil Wells
Authors: Bratov Vladimir
Published: July 2019

The paper presents an approach for simulation of refracturing treatment on vertical oil wells. The model is accounting for filtration of hydraulic fracturing fluid through the proppant packed inside the crack formed during previous hydraulic fracturing treatments. The simulations provide a possibility to estimate history of stress intensity factor appearing at the tip of the existing crack once the time profile of pressure within the wellbore is given. Introducing critical value of the stress intensity factor for the fractured media, time-to-fracture initiation (after pressure increase start) can be estimated and compared to instance of fracture event registered in real conditions. Also, the possibility of fracture reorientation through formation of new fractures at the region adjacent to the wellbore is studied.