bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Efficiency Evaluation of Microplastic Removal Filter for Laundry Machines
Authors: Park Beomseok , Yoon Hee-Jung , Park Hanbai
Published: January 2025

Microplastics contained in laundry wastewater are identified as the main cause of marine microplastics, accounting for approximately 35% of marine microplastics. In this study, a four-stage microplastic filter for laundry wastewater was developed and the removal rates of microplastics, COD, SS, and turbidity were checked through 50 tests to confirm the efficiency of the filter. The microplastic removal rate was confirmed using μFTIR with a high efficiency of 98.5% on average for 50 tests. The microplastics contained in laundry wastewater were identified as 57% PE, 9% PET, 9% PA, 8% PU, 8% PP, 6% PPMA, and 3% PAN. COD was measured using the COD manganese method, and the COD removal rate of the laundry wastewater filter was an average of 92% for 50 times. SS was verified by filtration using a vacuum pump and the average removal rate was 80% during 50 tests. Turbidity was confirmed with an average removal rate of 88% using a turbidity meter. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that when the developed filter was installed in laundry wastewater, not only microplastics but also various water pollutants were reduced. In addition, the water quality pollution index showing the highest correlation with microplastics in laundry wastewater was SS, and the p-value was confirmed to be 0.000.
Dynamic Analysis of Submarine-Buried Pipelines Considering Fluid–Structure Interaction
Authors: Xu Huilin , Guo Qiang , Wang Xuetong , Sun Huihui , Dong Zhanwang , Gu Jintong , Zhang Chengyu
Published: January 2025

Buried pipes are widely used for submarine water transportation, but the complex operating conditions in the seabed pose challenges for the modeling of buried pipes. In order to more accurately capture the dynamic behavior of the buried pipes in the seabed, in this study, considering the pipeline and soil as a systematic structure is proposed, improving the fluid–structure interaction four-equation model to make it applicable for the calculation of buried pipe system modes. After verifying the practicality of the model, considering the external seawater as uniform pressure, the coupling at the joints, and the Poisson coupling of submarine pipelines during transient processes are discussed, revealing that structural vibrations under both forms of coupling will cause greater hydraulic oscillations. The impact of soil elastic modulus on the system’s response is further discussed, revealing that increasing the modulus from 0 to 1015 Pa raises the wave speed from 498 m/s to 1483 m/s, causing a 40% increase in the amplitude of pressure oscillations. Finally, the vibration modes of the combined structure of pipe wall and soil are discussed, revealing that the vibration modes are mainly dominated by water hammer pressure, with the superposition of pipeline stress waves and soil stress waves. In this study, the dynamic behavior of submarine pipelines is elucidated, providing a robust foundation for regulating and mitigating fatigue failures in such systems.
Influence of Gravel Coverage on Hydraulic Characteristics and Sediment Transport Capacity of Runoff on Steep Slopes
Authors: Shen Haoming , Zhu Zhehao , Chen Yuyang , Wu Wei , Sun Shujun , Zhang Yue , Lin Jinshi , Huang Yanhe , Jiang Fangshi
Published: January 2025

Gravel coverage on slopes influences overland flow and soil erosion. However, the effect of different gravel sizes on the soil erosion process remains underexplored. In this study, a runoff scour test was performed to examine the effects of gravel coverage on the hydrodynamic characteristics of slope runoff and sediment transport capacity (Tc). The slope gradient varied from 18% to 84%, the unit flow discharge ranged from 0.27 × 10−3 to 1.11 × 10−3 m2 s−1, and gravel coverage was adjusted from 0% to 90%. The results reveal that water depth, shear stress, and stream power increased with gravel coverage. However, once coverage exceeded 20%, flow velocity and unit stream power decreased and stabilized. As gravel coverage increased, the hydraulic regimes transitioned from laminar to turbulent flow and shifted from supercritical to subcritical. Consequently, Tc first increased and then decreased with the increase in gravel coverage, reaching a peak at 20% coverage (1.66 kg m−1 s−1). Moreover, the degree of coverage indirectly influenced Tc through grain shear stress. The new equations, based on the Box–Lucas function, incorporated slope, grain shear stress, and flow velocity, thereby effectively simulating Tc for runoff on gravel-covered slopes (R2 = 0.94, NSE = 0.94). These findings provide a basis for modeling soil erosion on gravel-covered slopes.
Application of HP-LSTM Models for Groundwater Level Prediction in Karst Regions: A Case Study in Qingzhen City
Authors: Bo Yanping , Zhang Chunlei , Fang Xiaoyu , Sun Yidi , Li Changjiang , An Meiyun , Peng Yun , Lu Yixin
Published: January 2025

Groundwater serves as an indispensable global resource, essential for agriculture, industry, and the urban water supply. Predicting the groundwater level in karst regions presents notable challenges due to the intricate geological structures and fluctuating climatic conditions. This study examines Qingzhen City, China, introducing an innovative hybrid model, the Hodrick–Prescott (HP) filter–Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network (HP-LSTM), which integrates the HP filter with the LSTM network to enhance the precision of groundwater level forecasting. By attenuating short-term noise, the HP-LSTM model improves the long-term trend prediction accuracy. Findings reveal that the HP-LSTM model significantly outperformed the conventional LSTM, attaining R2 values of 0.99, 0.96, and 0.98 on the training, validation, and test datasets, respectively, in contrast to LSTM values of 0.92, 0.76, and 0.95. The HP-LSTM model achieved an RMSE of 0.0276 and a MAPE of 2.92% on the test set, significantly outperforming the LSTM model (RMSE: 0.1149; MAPE: 9.14%) in capturing long-term patterns and reducing short-term fluctuations. While the LSTM model is effective at modeling short-term dynamics, it is more prone to noise, resulting in greater prediction errors. Overall, the HP-LSTM model demonstrates superior robustness for long-term groundwater level prediction, whereas the LSTM model may be better suited for scenarios requiring rapid adaptation to short-term variations. Selecting an appropriate model tailored to specific predictive needs can thus optimize groundwater management strategies.
Contrasting Changes in Lake Ice Thickness and Quality Due to Global Warming in the Arctic, Temperate, and Arid Zones and Highlands of Eurasia
Authors: Zdorovennova Galina , Efremova Tatiana , Novikova Iuliia , Erina Oxana , Sokolov Dmitry , Denisov Dmitry , Fedorova Irina , Smirnov Sergei , Palshin Nikolay , Bogdanov Sergey , Zdorovennov Roman , Huang Wenfeng , Leppäranta Matti
Published: January 2025

Lake ice has a major impact on the functioning of lake ecosystems, the thermal and gas regimes of lakes, habitat conditions, socio-economic aspects of human life, local climate, etc. The multifaceted influence of lake ice makes it important to study its changes associated with global warming, including lake ice phenology, ice thickness, and the snow–ice fraction. This article presents a study of lake ice changes in different regions of Eurasia: the Arctic (Lake Imandra in the Murmansk region and Lake Kilpisjärvi in Finland), the temperate zone (six small and medium lakes in Karelia, Mozhaysk Reservoir in the Moscow region, and Lake Pääjärvi in Finland), the arid zone (Lake Ulansuhai in China), and the highlands (lakes Arpi and Sevan in Armenia). In the study regions, a statistically significant increase in winter air temperature has been recorded over the past few decades. The number of days with thaw (air temperature above 0 °C) has increased, while the number of days with severe frost (air temperature below −10 °C and −20 °C) has decreased. The share of liquid or mixed precipitation in winter increases most rapidly in the temperate zone. For two Finnish lakes, lakes Vendyurskoe and Vedlozero in Karelia, and Mozhaysk Reservoir, a decrease in the duration of the ice period was revealed, with later ice-on and earlier ice-off. The most dramatic change occurred in the large high-mountain Lake Sevan, where the water area has no longer been completely covered with ice every winter. In contrast, the small high-mountain Lake Arpi showed no significant changes in ice phenology over a 50-year period. Changes in the ice composition with an increase in the proportion of white ice and a decrease in the proportion of black ice have occurred in some lakes. In the temperate lakes Pääjärvi and Vendyurskoe, inverse dependences of the thickness of black ice on the number of days with thaw and frost in December–March for the first lake and on the amount of precipitation in the first month of ice for the second were observed. In the arid study region of China, due to the very little winter precipitation (usually less than 10 mm) only black ice occurs, and significant interannual variability in its thickness has been identified.
Epidemiological aspects of HIV infection in a large region
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Altai State Medical University», Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Barnaul, Russia, Safronova A. E. , Safyanova T. V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Altai State Medical University», Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Barnaul, Russia, Asmanova M. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Altai State Medical University», Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Barnaul, Russia
Published: January 2025

According to WHO, in 2023, the total number of people worldwide living with HIV was 40 million,
and the number of new infections was 1.5 million. In the Russian Federation, HIV infection is one of
the most urgent medical and social problems. The purpose of the study is to assess the epidemiological
situation of HIV infection in the Altai Territory in 2013–2023. A retrospective epidemiological analysis
was carried out based on statistical data on the incidence of HIV infection of the Office of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare in the Altai Territory, the
Ministry of Health of the Altai Territory, the KGBUZ «Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and
Other Infectious Diseases». The study showed that the epidemic situation of HIV infection in the Altai
Territory in 2013–2023. It remained tense, which is confirmed by the low rate of decline in indicators
against the background of ongoing preventive and anti-epidemic measures. The greatest effect of the
activities was achieved in the group of children. It was also possible to reduce the role of the parenteral transmission route in intravenous drug use, which corresponded to global and Russian trends. Among
the negative trends, an increase in the incidence of HIV infection among the migratory population and
an increase in the incidence of the total adult population of the Altai Territory should be noted, primarily due to an increased role of the sexual transmission route. The identified features of the epidemic process should be used to adjust existing HIV prevention programs.
Morbidity of government civil servants and professional activity
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia, Grigorieva T. V. , Voronkova S. V. ,   Research Institute of Industrial and Maritime Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, St. Petersburg, Russia, Verveda A. B. ,   Research Institute of Industrial and Maritime Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: January 2025

The article presents the results of a study of working conditions and a study of the morbidity of
public civil servants in St. Petersburg based on statistical processing of the results of mandatory medical examinations in 2017, 2019 and 2023 for a total of 19797 people. It is determined that the working conditions
of public civil servants, regardless of the sectoral sphere of the executive authority, are characterized by an increased level of risk factors for stressful situations that affect the occurrence of diseases and lead to deterioration of health. The structure of the main diseases of civil servants included: diseases of the eye and its accessory apparatus (21.51 %), diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue
(21.15 %), diseases of the genitourinary system (10.98 %), diseases of the circulatory system (10.81 %),
diseases of the endocrine system, eating disorders and metabolic disorders (9.19 %). The level of general morbidity of diseases of the circulatory system of civil servants of St. Petersburg statistically significantly exceeded the same indicator among the entire working-age population of the city in 2019 by 4.0 times and in 2023 by 2.8 times. The presented data indicate a significant influence of a complex of specific labor factors on the unfavorable dynamics in the structure and level of individual groups of diseases, which makes it advisable to timely identify and prevent the effects of these factors. Today, there is a need to establish hygienic standards for working conditions (service), and the development of medical prevention among government civil servants requires improvement through the development of programs to promote health and increase motivation to lead a healthy lifestyle, reduce the impact of stress factors.
The effect of ultraviolet radiation on the 25(OH)D in the blood serum of the population of the Sverdlovsk region
Authors:   High Technology Park, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia, Krivosheev V. V. , Nikitina L. Y. ,   National Medical Research Center Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), specializing in pulmonology, Moscow, Russia, Kozlovsky I. V. ,   District Clinical Hospital, Khanty- Mansiysk, Russia, Fedorov A. V. ,   High Technology Park, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia
Published: January 2025

The effect of ultraviolet radiation on the vitamin D status in the domestic scientific literature is not
reflected in sufficient detail, and therefore this work is devoted to the study of the pat terns of solar influence on the status of vitamin D in the blood serum of the population on the example of the Sverdlovsk region. Correlation analysis was carried out between the Sun altitude at noon in the middle of each month and the average level
of 25(OH)D, as well as the prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency in each month, in ten age groups of the Sverdlovsk region residents: 0–4, 5–8, 9–12, 13–16, 17–20, 21–24, 25–28, 29–60, 61–70, 71–80 years. A total of 86130 anonymized measurements of the level of 25(OH)D were analyzed in 2020–2022 and placed at our
disposal by INVITRO-Ural LLC, for which the authors express their deep gratitude to its employees. A feature of this study is that the effect of the Sun altitude not only of the current, but also of the previous five months on the average level of 25(OH)D in the blood serum of the population and the prevalence of severe deficiency in the current month was studied, that is, a method was used that in foreign literature is called «lagging correlation»
or just «lag». The results of the calculations showed that in the Sverdlovsk region, solar UV radiation is very significant, statistically significantly correlated with the status of vitamin D, while the highest degree of association between the level of 25(OH)D in the blood serum and the prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency occurs with a lag of 44 and 48 days, respectively. In our opinion, the magnitude of the lag is most likely due to the duration
of the period of accumulation of a fairly stable level of 25(OH)D in human serum in early to mid-summer, when in the northern hemisphere the Sun altitude is at an effective level close to 50 °. The value of the lag at which there is the greatest association between the Sun altitude and the status of vitamin D (the level of 25(OH)D and the prevalence of severe deficiency) is statistically significantly reduced in the groups of the older population of
the Sverdlovsk region, which may be due to the increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in this category of the population, the presence of which implies a faster reaction of the body to external influences.
Malignant neoplasms of the central nervous system in the Orel region
Authors:   Oryol State University named after I. S. Turgenev, Orel, Russia, Simonova V. G.
Published: January 2025

Data from the Global Observatory for Cancer Research indicate that in recent years there has
been an increase in the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the central nervous system, as well as
related disability and mortality. Official statistics of the Russian Federation also indicate an increase in the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the central nervous system both in the country and in its
individual regions. The aim of the study was to analyze the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the
central nervous system in the Orel region in 2012–2022. The materials of the study were data from the
regional registry of cancer patients of the Orel region for 2012–2022. The conducted research made it
possible to identify the relevance of the problem of morbidity of the population of the Orel region with
malignant neoplasms of the central nervous system, to establish periods of growth and decrease in its indicators, to assess the contribution of modern diagnostic methods to the detection of this pathology.
The groups of people with the highest incidence of malignant tumors of the central nervous system,
which are people fifty years old and older, mostly male, have been identified, which indicates the need
for targeted work on the early detection of neoplasms in this contingent.
Machine learning methods in soil fertility forecasting
Authors:   Geoecology and Nature Management Department, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education State University of Land Use Planning, Moscow, Vershinin V. V. , Shapovalov D. A. ,   Higher Mathematics, Physics and Computer Science Department, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education State University of Land Use Planning, Moscow, Pochyomin N. M. ,   Geoecology and Nature Management Department, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education State University of Land Use Planning, Moscow, Morkovkin G. G. ,   Geoecology and Nature Management Department, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education State University of Land Use Planning, Moscow
Published: January 2025

The study presents the conclusions based on annotations of foreign articles in order
to summarize the experience of using various machine learning technologies to solve a list of tasks
for predicting yields on various scales and using heterogeneous data. We tested some of the
techniques used in scientific circles on the collected data set with a strong focus on soils as a
comprehensive indicator of yield. During the experiments with RF and XGB regression models,
the hypothesis of the critical importance of soils was not justified. In the course of the study, the
authors performed the works that have practical significance for agricultural enterprises.
Comparison of methods for determining the volume of earth masses based on the results of aerial photography from an unmanned aerial vehicle and geodetic measurements
Authors:   Monitoring and Land Development Department,  Far Eastern Federal University, Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kalashnikov K. I. , Khrabrov V. S. ,   VLADGEOSTROY LLC
Published: January 2025

The paper compares two modern methods of determining the volume of earth masses
in the construction of buildings and structures. The first method is based on the application
of satellite equipment in real-time kinematics mode. The second method is based on aerial
photography using an unmanned aerial vehicle. The comparison of volumes is carried out at two
different sites with embankment and excavation of soil. The effectiveness of aerial photography
in this type of surveying work is shown in this article. Aerial photography allows a more accurate
surface model to be built by using a dense point cloud and minimizing interpolation, and has
higher effectiveness and safety in areas with complex relief.
Medieval Black Sea Project - Ostromir Gospel
Authors: Raffensperger Christian
Published: January 2025

An overview of the Ostromir Gospel
The Gold Goblet with Imperial Tyches in the Avar Treasure
Authors: Ying Lin
Published: January 2025

The golden chalice with four tyches has a conflict between its type and figure, that is, a 6th to 7th century product with patterns prevailed two centuries earlier. In the increasing Christian atmosphere since the age of Justinian I, chalice was already connected with liturgy and depicted the Christ and Saints. When thinking a Byzantine Christian seeing the out-dated pagan goddess in the place of his familiar and respectable saints, the conflict between the type and figure seems more outstanding. The burial custom in the first period of the Avar history (568-630) shed a light on the current question. In the high-class graves the male and female were presented in a telling different way. The male was accompanied with horse, weapon, and other military accessories. The female was offered with jewelries of Byzantine and Persian elements. The presentation of female with splendid attire possibly reflected the special role of women in showing the military and diplomatic victories of the Avars. Is it possible that the Avar Khans selected the pattern of tyches on the goblet instead of the saints with strong religious meaning? When viewing the Roman goddess in the golden cup, they constructed the image of Byzantine Empire in their own way.
The Gold Goblet with Imperial Tyches in the Avar Treasure
Authors: Ying Lin
Published: January 2025

The golden chalice with four tyches has a conflict between its form and iconography, that is, it is product from the 700s displaying iconography that prevailed two centuries earlier. Produced in an environment that had become increasingly Christianised from the age of Justinian I, chalices connected with the liturgy and depicted Christ and Saints. For a Byzantine Christian viewing an out-dated pagan goddesse in the place of respectable (and more familiar) saints, the conflict between the form and iconography would have been striking. Burial customs in the first period of Avar history (568-630) shed a light on the question. In elite graves, males and females were presented differently. Males were accompanied by horses, weapons, and other military accessories. Females with jewellery with Byzantine and Persian elements.This possibly reflected the special role of women in showing the military and diplomatic victories of the Avars. Is it possible that the Avar Khans selected the pattern of tyches on the goblet instead of the saints with strong religious meaning? When viewing the Roman goddess in the golden cup, they constructed the image of Byzantine Empire in their own way.
The Cathedral of the Transfiguration in Chernihiv
Authors: Chernenko Olena Yevhenivna
Published: January 2025

The Cathedral of the Transfiguration in Chernihiv is one of the few preserved and, according to most researchers, the oldest monument of Rus architecture, though to be built by Prince Mstislav, according to the Rus’ Primary Chronicle. In 1036, the prince was buried there. At that time, the building was still unfinished, but its construction was completed with a few decades
Bullita Cave System (Australie, territoires du Nord). Un remarquable labyrinthe vadose-phréatique développé en milieu épikarstique
Authors: Martini Jacques E.J.
Published: January 2025

Bullita Cave System est un vaste réseau labyrinthique du nord de l'Australie, développé dans un mince banc de calcaire sub-tabulaire, intercalé dans une série surtout dolomitique et marneuse d'âge précambrien. Il s'est développé exclusivement là où le banc calcaire a été exposé par l'érosion de son toit imperméable. A partir de la ligne de dénudation le lapiaz commence à se former, puis passe progressivement à un dense réseau de profondes crevasses et pinacles, puis enfin à un karst dégradé. Le réseau de galeries s'est développé en symbiose avec l'évolution du lapiaz. Les galeries forment un labyrinthe contrôlé par des diaclases verticales et sont surtout développées dans la base du banc.

Dans un stade plus avancé les galeries se développent par érosion d'un niveau argileux sous-jacent de 2,5 m d'épaisseur. La dissolution peut aussi affecter la dolomie sous-jacente sur quelques mètres et en de rares endroits jusqu'à un maximum de 25 m. Le système est actif pendant les 3-4 mois de la mousson estivale alors que les galeries sont temporairement inondées. L'alimentation est surtout autochtone, directement par les crevasses du lapiaz, mais aussi partiellement allochtone à partir du ruissellement sur le recouvrement imperméable.

Les autres systèmes de la région, de style comparable à celui de Bullita, sont aussi passés en revue, de même que les différents aspects spéléogéniques. L'âge des parties les plus séniles du karst est estimé à pas plus de 2 Ma en fonction de la vitesse de dissolution du calcaire. L'auteur discute des conditions nécessaires pour la formation de réseaux semblables à Bullita, un type peu commun. Il semble que sur un mince banc calcaire à faible pendage la condition la plus importante soit un climat constant de type mousson, avec précipitations abondantes, mais de courte durée sur un lapiaz sans sol, qui ne reste mouillé qu'un temps minimum. Cela permet de suffisamment ralentir l'ablation superficielle et laisse suffisamment de temps aux galeries pour se former à faible profondeur.
Malacofaune stygobie et qualité de l'eau : quelles exigences pour les écosystèmes souterrains ?
Authors: Prié Vincent , Bas Yves , Batiot-Guilhe Christelle , Ladouche Bernard
Published: January 2025

Les escargots stygobies sont considérés comme bio-indicateurs de la qualité des eaux souterraines. Toutefois, il existe très peu d'études qui permettent d'étayer cette supposition. Par ailleurs, leur répartition semble essentiellement guidée par le jeu des isolements / connexions entre les unités hydrogéologiques, mais leur micro-répartition au sein des grandes unités hydrologiques pourrait également être influencée par la qualité des eaux.

Enfin, l'influence des activités humaines sur la qualité des eaux souterraines et sur les faunes qui y vivent reste méconnue. Dans cette étude, nous avons comparé les données de présence / absence de gastéropodes stygobies avec les données de qualité des eaux pour 17 hydrosystèmes du sud de la France. Nos résultats ne permettent pas de mettre en évidence de lien entre la qualité des eaux et la présence/absence des taxons considérés. Toutefois, on observe une relation entre la richesse spécifique des aquifères et la température moyenne, d'une part, ainsi que l'influence des eaux de la recharge, d'autre part. Ces relations peuvent s'expliquer respectivement par l'influence négative des refroidissements climatiques et par l'importance de l'apport en matière organique pour le développement de la faune souterraine.
Crues, partie II : Genèse, propagation et prévision des crues à Montpellier
Authors: Borrell Valérie , Malaterre Pierre-Olivier , Ricci Sophie , Fleury Perrine , Jay-Allemand Maxime , Coustau Mathieu , Harader Elizabeth , Darras Thomas , Bouvier Christophe , Thual Olivier , Guilhalmenc Marc , Marchandise Arthur , Maréchal Jean-Christophe
Published: January 2025

Les pluies extrêmes du pourtour méditerranéen sont à l'origine de crues éclair qui sont au cœur des préoccupations des populations et des services de protection face au risque d'inondation. La présence de karst sur l'hydrosystème du Lez, affecté par ce type de pluie, induit des réactions hétérogènes et variables entre la surface et le souterrain, interactions qui vont directement impacter la genèse de la crue de surface. Cette étude, réalisée dans le cadre du quatrième atelier du projet «Lez-Gestion Multi-Usages» portant sur les modèles numériques, a pour but de développer des outils opérationnels de prévision temps réel des crues éclair pour le Lez. Ainsi, quatre outils ont vu le jour : i) un modèle hydrologique fonctionnant en temps réel et simulant le débit en amont de Montpellier ; ii) une procédure d'assimilation des débits observés a été mise en place pour améliorer les performances du modèle en corrigeant les erreurs des images radar des pluies en temps réel et la description initiale du sol ; iii) un modèle hydraulique de propagation des crues dans le fleuve à la traversée de Montpellier, intégrant le fonctionnement de chaque aménagement ; iv) des abaques de vigilance des crues établies à partir des observations et des résultats de simulation : un en amont de Montpellier pour estimer le débit à partir de la connaissance de la pluie et de l'état de remplissage du karst ; et un autre à la traversée de la ville pour estimer l'évolution des hauteurs en fonction de débit le long du Lez.

Plusieurs de ces outils sont aujourd'hui en phase de test temps réel dans les services de l'Etat en charge de la prévision des crues. Plusieurs de ces outils sont aujourd'hui en phase de test temps réel dans les services de l'Etat en charge de la prévision des crues.
Une brève histoire de la 3D en grotte
Authors: Jaillet Stéphane , Sadier Benjamin , Perazio Guy , Delannoy Jean-Jacques
Published: January 2025

Objet qui s’exprime en 3D, la grotte (ou le réseau souterrain) est traditionnellement représentée en plan, en coupe, en sections. Cependant dès les premiers projets topographiques, ce type de représentation s’est heurté à la nécessaire simplification qu’impose l’exercice. Aussi c’est assez précocement qu’apparaissent des méthodes originales de visualisation 3D (maquettes, anaglyphes, blocsdiagrammes). À partir des années 1980, le développement des outils photographiques et infographiques autorise l’apparition de premiers travaux photogrammétriques. Dans le même temps et dans les années 1990, les logiciels de traitement de données spéléologiques filaires apparaissent, deviennent de plus en plus performants et proposent des images 3D de grottes. Depuis une vingtaine d’années, les scanners laser entrent sous terre et proposent des modèles denses qui renouvellent l’image 3D des grottes. De fait aujourd’hui, plusieurs techniques coexistent et se complètent pour poursuivre l’oeuvre commune d’une représentation paradoxalement jamais aboutie et satisfaisante des mondes souterrains. Mais toutes cherchent à proposer une image la plus juste (au sens mathématique comme au sens esthétique) des mondes souterrains.
Vers une normalisation de la documentation 3D de parois ornées : les grottes de Niaux (Ariège) et de Roucadour (Lot)
Authors: Angás Jorge , Le Guillou Yanik , Mauduit Éric
Published: January 2025

Towards a normalization of 3D documentation of decorated walls : the caves of Niaux (Ariège) and Roucadour (Lot).

The geometrical documentation of a part of the decorated caves of Niaux and Rocamadour was realized in 2012 and 2013. The 3D reconstruction of such caves is often underexploited, either as help for conservation issues, or as tool for archeological research. They are more often used for didactical purposes, be it as tools for making copies of the cave, or as a support of virtual visits. The cause of this discrepancy is diverse. To minimize them, the requirement specification towards the technical realisator has to be very precise and made in close collaboration with the end user to be adapted to the objectives. The delivered product has to be usable with «free» programs with interchange formats that allow a use with variable definitions and variable reprogramming. In parallel, a normalization of 3D models should allow a more diverse use. These works also put a question mark on intellectual property of products which, following their order, should be exact copies of the original.
Apports de la numérisation 3D multi-échelle à l’étude intégrée de la grotte ornée des Fraux (Dordogne)
Authors: Burens-Carozza Albane , Lévêque François , Grussenmeyer Pierre , Carozza Laurent , Lacanette Delphine , Billaud Yves , Guillemin Samuel , Mathé Vivien , Bourrillon Raphaëlle , Petrognani Stéphane , Dudognon Carole
Published: January 2025

Multi-scale 3D recording for the global study of the decorated cave of les Fraux (Dordogne). For six years, an interdisciplinary team carried out the study of a Bronze Age underground network. This program has been labelled by the Institute of Ecology and Environment of the French Research Council (CNRS), who wants to promote new methodologies and experimental studies in Global Ecology. It takes advantage of the support of the French Ministry of Culture. The archaeological cave of Les Fraux (Saint-Martin-de-Fressengeas, Dordogne) is the only protohistorical site in Europe wherein are gathered testimonies of domestic, spiritual and artistic activities. Fortunately, the cave was closed at the end of the Bronze Age, following to the collapse of its entrance. The site is currently registered in the French Historical Monuments. The cave forms a wide network of galleries, characterized by the exceptional richness of its archaeological remains such as ceramic and metal deposits, numerous parietal representations (engravings or fingerings incised in the clay-walls and paintings sometimes in association with deposits) and about sixty domestic fireplaces. In that framework, 3D models of the cave constitute the common work support and the best way for scientific communication for the various studies conducted on the site by nearly forty researchers. In this specific context, a partnership among archaeologists and surveyors from INSA Strasbourg allows the team to develop, in an interdisciplinary way, new methods of data acquiring based on contact-free measurements techniques in order to acquire a full 3D-documentation and a 3D GIS (work in progress). The aim of this paper is to display a statement of 6 years of 3D-recording in the cave and to display recent methodological developments as for the integration of heterogeneous data in 3D models (i. e. magnetic field recording combined with the 3D models in order to locate magnetic anomalies in the cave). Finally, we attempt to present work in progress as to 3D-modelling and simulating.
Analyse 3D de la conservation du remplissage détritique de la grotte Roche (Vercors, France)
Authors: Thomas Matthieu , Jaillet Stéphane , Berthet Johan , Cailhol Didier , Fanget Bernard , Hez Gabriel , Malet Emmanuel , Sadier Benjamin
Published: January 2025

La grotte Roche (Vercors) a fait l’objet d’une importante désobstruction spéléologique (1993-2008) qui a permis de mettre au jour 1 608 m de nouvelles galeries ainsi qu’une importante coupe stratigraphique au droit du chantier de désobstruction. Celle-ci présente des formes sédimentaires intéressantes : progradation, dépôts entrecroisés, surfaces d’érosion… et son intérêt est autant esthétique que scientifique ou pédagogique. Une analyse, non destructive, basée sur une série de relevés lasergrammétriques et sur des observations de terrain, a permis de mieux comprendre la dynamique de ce dépôt et les modalités de son démantèlement associé à la désobstruction et à la fréquentation actuelle. Les résultats chiffrés montrent que si l’impact de la pratique spéléologique est loin d’être négligeable, elle doit être mise en regard de la mise au jour de l’objet souterrain et de son intérêt scientifique et pédagogique. Ce type d’étude montre qu’il importe aujourd’hui de pousser plus loin encore la réflexion sur la connaissance et la conservation des milieux souterrains et notamment de leurs dépôts.
Un enregistreur exceptionnel de l’incision de la vallée de la Têt : le karst de Villefranche-de-Conflent (Pyrénées-Orientales)
Authors: Hez Gabriel , Jaillet Stéphane , Calvet Marc , Delannoy Jean-Jacques
Published: January 2025

An exceptional recorder of the Têt valley incision : the Villefranche karst, Pyrénées-Orientales, France.

The Mediterranean area offers a large variety of karsts which are sometimes similar, such as the vauclusian springs, but also with functioning and evolution differences which are often linked to the litho structural context and to neotectonics. The karst described in this study doesn’t have a scientific literature like some of its famous neighbors. And yet it has natural and outstanding archives in galleries at different karstification levels. These archives allow to reconstitute part of the long history of the entrenchment of a Mediterranean fluviatile valley. The large underground networks and the cave levels in the Coronat massif are the main characteristics of the Villefranche karst. The alluvial sheet conservation in the Têt valley in the gorges of Villefranche varies according to altitudinal levels. The most recent alluvial terraces can be continuous, the middle ones can be discontinuous and the highest ones have disappeared. On the other land the underground environment protects allogeneous sediments, coming from the Têt, at all levels. This is really important for the study of this karst. In lower levels of karstification, we can study the spatio temporal relation between the valley and the endokarst. This can be done thanks to the fluviatile archives which can be found where the valley is nearly as high as the large underground networks. Which allows to connect the morphogenesis of these networks with the low and middle alluvial terraces of the Têt on the section of the Villefranche gorges. On the other end in the higher levels of the karst there is no alluvial sheet on the slope. The study of the erosion forms and the fillings of the cavities will allow us to know the incision rhythm of the Têt valley. The cosmogenic datings realized on endokarstic sediments of two levels of conduits of the massif of Coronat show a karstification from the lower Pliocene and allow to propose a rate of incision of the Tet about 0,54cm/century.
Les galets rodés de la source de l’Aygue Nègre (Sarrance, Pyrénées-Atlantiques). Histoire d’une découverte et hypothèse actuelle
Authors: Klingebiel André , Maire Richard
Published: January 2025

The «eroded pebbles» of Aygue Nègre spring (Western Pyrenees, Sarrance). History of a discovery and current hypothesis.

Among various caves investigated by the Klingebiel family during 1948-1950 summer vacations around Escot (France), the “Vauclusian” spring Aygue Nègre (in the Aspe Valley of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques) attracted the family’s attention. They proposed an original erosional mechanism according to which pebbles, pertaining to an old terrace of the nearby river, obstructed this spring’s exsurgence. Professor Henri Schoeller, invited to visit this site, published (1952) this discovery as “galets rodés” (smoothly ground pebbles), describing the formation of cavities (cupules) ground in bigger pebbles and also in vertical rock faces, by free smaller pebbles (so that some have become “subspherical”), due to rising waters in times of flood. Subsequent attempts to clear out the obstructions have uncovered recessed cavities, rounded and smooth, all the way down to the base of the chimney faces. The formation (genesis) of these cavities would be difficult to understand without knowledge of the first observations of the recurring floods of this spring rising and moving these pebbles filling the chimneys. These little rounded and incised bigger pebbles and the associated small cavities in the chimney rock faces are also indicative of the erosive phases of the river valley after an intensive phase of late glacial alluvial deposits. Old remnants of consolidated pebbles on the wall until + 8 m are related with an old fluviatile terrace probably of the end of Middle Pleistocene (stage 6).
Le fonctionnement hydrogéologique d’une cavité karstique sous climat méditerranéen comme appui à un projet pédagogique Régaïe de Néoules (Var)
Authors: Arfib Bruno , Mourau Fabrice
Published: January 2025

La grotte du Régaïe de Néoules est une cavité horizontale du Var, d’environ 500 mètres de développement, qui se termine par un siphon au niveau d’eau variable en fonction des pluies. C’est une grande cavité classique en initiation spéléologique, située au nord de Toulon et dans la partie est du futur Parc naturel régional de la Sainte Baume. Cette grotte a la particularité de s’ennoyer et d’être ainsi traversée par l’eau souterraine qui sort au niveau de l’entrée spéléologique pour former une spectaculaire source temporaire. Elle draine ainsi l’eau des précipitations tombées sur le massif calcaire et dolomitique du pilon Saint Clément. Ce massif et cette grotte/source illustrent parfaitement la diversité des formes karstiques et le cycle de l’eau en domaine carbonaté. C’est un support pédagogique idéal pour travailler sur l’eau, sur la fragilité de notre environnement et sur les risques naturels. Ce site a été choisi dans le cadre du projet «Eaux souterraines» à destination des élèves de collège. Ce projet s’appuie sur des mesures réalisées au sein de la grotte, par des enregistrements automatiques en continu de la hauteur d’eau, de la température et de la conductivité électrique du siphon du Régaïe de Néoules. Cet article décrit le projet Eaux souterraines démarré en 2014 et qui prend de l’ampleur d’année en année, en partenariat entre l’Université Aix-Marseille, l’Éducation nationale, le Comité départemental de spéléologie du Var et l’Association SpéléH2O. Les premières données acquises dans la grotte d’octobre 2014 à février 2016 sont présentées. Elles permettent de quantifier jusqu’à quelle hauteur l’eau monte dans la grotte lors des épisodes pluvieux exceptionnels. La relation entre la pluie et le niveau d’eau est investiguée à différentes échelles de temps. L’analyse est complétée en discutant de l’origine de l’eau des crues en utilisant les variations de conductivité électrique et de température. Cet article offre un support aux données scientifiques mises à disposition des enseignants.
Reconstitution des paléogéographies karstiques par l’approche cartographique 3D : Application au Pont d’Arc et à la Combe d’Arc (Ardèche, France)
Authors: Génuite Kim , Delannoy Jean-Jacques , Jaillet Stéphane
Published: January 2025

Karst paleogeographies reconstitution with 3D mapping : The case of the Pont d’Arc and Combe d’Arc (Ardèche, France).

The Pont d’Arc, very famous opening of the Ardeche canyon, highly stresses the landscape with its height and its proximity with the well-known Chauvet cave, filled with the most ancien rock art ever discovered. Relationships between Man and environment are at the center of the current research topics on prehistory and if the Pont d’Arc is currently a major landform of the Ardèche river, it may have not been the case during prehistorical occupation because of landscapes evolution during the quaternary period. How can we reconstruct the disappeared paleogeographies of the Combe d’Arc during prehistorical occupation ? Did the geomorphological processes and climatic evolutions change the Pont d’Arc and Combe d’Arc landscapes ? We propose a 3D methodology to reshape the Combe d’Arc landscapes according to the alluvial fluctuations of the Ardèche river from the late glacial eras until today. High resolution 3D tools allow to reshape alluvial landscapes, putting field data into a 3D model.
Un paléokarst «supra-pergélisol» dans les calcaires lutétiens (Soissonnais, France)
Authors: Devos Alain , Fronteau Gilles , Bollot Nicolas , Barbin Vincent , Duchêne Ségolène , Chalumeau Laurent
Published: January 2025

Les calcaires lutétiens du Bassin parisien sont peu karstifiés comparés aux autres formations calcaires de l’est de la France. L’absence d’exokarst et de comportement hydrodynamique karstique des émergences, ainsi que les rares réseaux endokarstiques connus militent en faveur d’un aquifère reconnu comme fissural, perché et à faible énergie (drainance vers les sables sous-jacents) et peu capacitif. Cela peut s’expliquer par la présence d’une couverture géologique marno-calcaire (Marnes et caillasses du Lutétien supérieur) peu favorable au ruissellement, fournissant des eaux peu agressives, et les dynamiques géomorphologiques de détente liée à l’incision des vallées (cambrure de versant, extension latérale). Pourtant, de nombreuses carrières souterraines du Soissonnais («creutes») recoupent un paléokarst représenté par des conduits calés sur fractures et caractérisés par un remplissage argilo-sableux remarquablement rythmé rappelant les varves glaciaires (couples de lamines de 1,9 mm d’épaisseur moyenne). L’étude sédimentologique (morphoscopie des quartz, granulométrie, calcimétrie, colorimétrie, matière organique) et une datation de ces rythmites (14C) dans une creute du Soissonnais à Acy (Aisne) montrent que ces remplissages s’inscrivent dans des conditions hydrodynamiques très calmes en régime noyé à épinoyé, et sont issus du démantèlement fluviatile de la couverture sableuse du Bartonien et des loess lors du dernier maximum glaciaire (stade isotopique 2). Ces observations témoignent d’écoulements karstiques en zone active, perchés au-dessus du permafrost régressif dans les vallées, et qui exploite d’abord la fantômisation initiale bien plus ancienne et ensuite une karstification préalable. Elles permettent de proposer de nouvelles hypothèses morphogénétiques sur la karstification des bas plateaux de l’est du Bassin parisien généralement associée à l’incision des vallées et au recul de couverture.
La biocorrosion, un nouveau paramètre à prendre en compte pour interpréter la répartition des oeuvres pariétales : l’exemple de la grotte du Mas d’Azil en Ariège
Authors: Bruxelles Laurent , Jarry Marc , Bigot Jean-Yves , Bon François , Dandurand Grégory , Pallier Céline
Published: January 2025

Des observations récentes montrent que les chauves-souris ont un impact important sur les morphologies pariétales de très nombreuses grottes dans le monde. L’état de surface et les formes associées attestent de la fréquence et de l’ampleur du phénomène de biocorrosion, les parois ayant pu reculer par dissolution de quelques millimètres à plusieurs décimètres voire mètres. Si ces retouches post-karstogéniques impliquent une révision de certains processus invoqués dans le creusement ou la réutilisation de conduits karstiques, elles ont également des conséquences sur l’art pariétal en grotte. Ainsi, il est envisageable que dans les cavités où vivent des colonies de chauves-souris, les oeuvres d’art, qu’elles soient peintes ou gravées, ont disparu avec la dissolution de leur support. En fonction de la géométrie, de la morphologie et de l’aérologie d’une cavité, ses parois ont pu être affectées par l’altération et notamment la biocorrosion. Il en résulte une répartition de l’art pariétal visible qui n’est pas uniquement due au choix des hommes préhistoriques mais aussi à un processus taphonomique. Ce processus peut affecter les zones profondes de grottes, habituellement les mieux protégées : il devient donc important de savoir en identifier les stigmates et d’en évaluer l’ampleur avant d’interpréter la répartition spatiale de l’art pariétal d’une grotte. La grotte du Mas d’Azil (Ariège) présente une véritable opposition entre les parties ornées, où l’on observe encore les formes de creusement initiales, et celles sans art, où les formes de biocorrosion sont manifestes.