bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Affect, Gender and Sexuality in Latin America. (Gender, Development and Social Change)
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Fernández Ossandón Rosario
Published: December 2022

En el libro Affect, Gender and Sexuality in Latin America, editado por Cecilia Macón, Mariela Solana y Nayla Luz Vacarezza, los/as autores/as ensayan y piensan sobre género y sexualidades en América Latina mediante una apuesta particular: los afectos y las emociones. Sobre este foco destaco tres retos de los varios señalados en su introducción: 1) la necesidad de descomponer la distinción razón/pasión para pensar conjuntamente cognición/sentimientos/emociones, así como la relación íntima entre afectos y política para intentar entender su inconmensurabilidad; 2) el deseo de deconstruir las relaciones norte-sur y la circulación, traducción y apropiación de propuestas teóricas del norte global, develando que no es un puro gesto mimético o de simple aplicación a lo “local” sino un ejercicio translocal y multiespacial que interrumpe las lógicas de autenticidad o pureza en la producción de conocimientos y intentan un gesto singular: el de develar en travestismo y poner en tono con nuestras invenciones también impuras; y 3) la pertinencia de pensar, desde la mirada de los afectos, un contexto de avances feministas y neofascistas que disputan lo político, el orden de género y las claves de las sexualidades, antagonismos que requieren de una mirada que sepa leer y olfatear los ritmos, atmósferas y estéticas de configuraciones temporales y materiales diversas para problematizar nuestros tiempos. Me detengo en tres elementos que maravillan del libro y que aluden a estos desafíos: 1) la inmanente relación entre temporalidades y materialidades; 2) las metodologías (o juegos) y estéticas; y 3) el nudo del poder
Horizontes y nubes de polvo. Un recorrido heterocrónico por figuras de la pampa argentina
Authors:   CONICET, UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES, Lopez Piñeyro Hernán
Published: December 2022

Este artículo analiza una constelación heterocrónica compuesta por nueve figuras de horizontes y de nubes de polvo de la pampa argentina provenientes de la literatura y de las artes visuales de los siglos XIX, XX y XXI. Según se sostiene a partir de un estudio teórico de diversas fuentes filosóficas, las imágenes son nudos semiótico-materiales, espejos emancipados de la servidumbre humana y voces no antropológicas en tiene lugar una configuración estético-política particular del espacio. Las figuras de horizontes están organizadas en función del ojo humano y ponen el espacio bajo su dominio. En cambio, en las nubes de polvo en las que danzan y se conectan los existentes la configuración humana se encuentra deshecha.
Genetic diversity, polyphenolic composition and fruit quality trait phenotypic analyses of a Chilean heritage blood-flesh peach (Prunus persica L.)
Authors:   Universidad de Chile (Chile), Corral Rodrigo , Carrasco Basilio ,   Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Pesados (Chile), Ramirez Cesar ,   Universidad de Chile / Botania SpA (Chile), Marchant Lorena ,   Botania SpA (Chile), Peña Alvaro ,   Universidad de Chile (Chile), Covarrubias Jose Ignacio ,   Universidad de Chile (Chile), Meisel Lee A. ,   Universidad de Chile (Chile), Pacheco Igor ,   Universidad de Chile (Chile), Bascuñan-Ortiz Elsa R. ,   Universidad de Chile (Chile), Silva Herman ,   Universidad de Chile (Chile)
Published: December 2022

This study reports the genetic diversity among Chilean heritage blood-flesh peaches and the characterization of phytochemicals and bioactive compounds present in these fruits. A genetic diversity analysis using 7,934 SNP markers was performed. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho=0.09) was very low in the 75 Chilean blood-flesh peach trees, whereas 14 commercial peach varieties had significantly higher levels of heterozygosity (Ho=0.32). Furthermore, the blood-flesh peach lines were genetically similar, and all of these lines were genetically different from the commercial varieties. A comparative analysis was carried out between the epicarp and mesocarp of the peach fruits. Fruit quality parameters were evaluated at harvest (weight, size, firmness and soluble solids), and concentrations of total polyphenols, anthocyanins, carotenoids, as were macro (P, K, Ca, Mg) and microelements (Fe, Zn, Mn, B, Cu). These analyses showed that blood-flesh peaches have high concentrations of anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) and cyanidin-3-rutinoside (C3R)) when compared to commercial varieties with white or yellow mesocarps. A comparison was performed among Chinese, French and Chilean varieties, with similar values found for the antioxidant compounds. No significant differences in the microand macroelement contents were detected in these blood-flesh fruits compared to commercial varieties.
Experimental and numerical dynamic identification in an RC tower
Authors:   Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul (Turkiye), Aras Fuat , Tufan Tarık ,   Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul (Turkiye)
Published: December 2022

In this study, the dynamic behavior of one of the prominent structures in Istanbul, Üsküdar Observation Tower (UOT) has been investigated. The structural system of the tower is formed by a reinforced concrete circular tube having 2.8 meters outside diameter with a 40 centimeter thickness. By referring to the ground level, it starts from -18.2 meter due to five basement stories around the tower and its height is 44 meters. Two reinforced concrete floors were partially hanged over at 36 meter and 40 meter in height. The tower has an independent structural system from the ground level but a non-structural cladding assembly connects it to an adjacent building in the complex. With the mentioned structural features, Ambient Vibration Survey (AVS) was utilized to obtain the dynamic characteristics of UOT by Peak Picking (PP) method. The obtained dynamic properties were discussed with the peculiarities of UOT. While the performed analysis revealed the ineffectiveness of the adjacent building and the underground stories in the dynamic behavior of UOT, the torsion action of the floors has been noted. A numerical model has also been constructed to obtain the dynamic characteristics of UOT by Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The model calibration required to increase the code-based modulus of elasticity of the concrete by 23% for pairing the experimental and numerical dynamic properties. The reasons of the increase and the correlation between AVS and FEA were discussed.
Ultimate capacity prediction of RC and SFRC beams with low shear span-depth ratio using NLFEA and inverse analysis
Authors:   University of Campinas, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, R. Saturnino de Brito, Campinas, SP (Brazil), Benedetty Carlos Alberto , Irreño Ingrid R. ,   University of Campinas, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, R. Saturnino de Brito, Campinas, SP (Brazil), Martinez Juan J. ,   University of Campinas, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, R. Saturnino de Brito, Campinas, SP (Brazil), Almeida Luiz C. ,   University of Campinas, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, R. Saturnino de Brito, Campinas, SP (Brazil), Trautwein Leandro M. ,   University of Campinas, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, R. Saturnino de Brito, Campinas, SP (Brazil), Krahl Pablo A. ,   Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Department of Civil Engineering Campinas, SP (Brazil)
Published: December 2022

In this study, the capacity and ultimate behavior of Reinforced Concrete (RC) and Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) beams are evaluated. Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis (NLFEA) and the inverse analysis technique were used to model its structural response using the ATENA finite element software. The smeared crack approach, the crack band model, and advanced constitutive models were used to reproduce concrete fracture. The analyzed beams were subjected to rupture in a four-point bending test setup. The relationship between the shear span and the depth of the beams was 1.5. Four scenarios were analyzed, RC beams with and without stirrups, and SFRC beams without stirrups with volumes of 0.57% and 0.76%. The results obtained in the modeling are discussed in terms of the ability of the models to numerically reproduce the relationships: load versus displacement, load versus strain, crack patterns, and failure modes. The analysis techniques allowed to reproduce the experimental response of the beams with good agreement. They show great potential to solve structural engineering problems
A study on investigating the effect of lignosulfonate-based com-paction aid admixture dosage on the properties of roller com-pacted concrete
Authors:   Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Kayali Campus, Kirklareli University, Kirklareli (Türkiye), Gokce Gok Saadet , Kilic Ismail ,   Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Kayali Campus, Kirklareli University, Kirklareli (Türkiye)
Published: December 2022

In this study, roller compacted concrete was produced by using a modified lignosulfonate-based chemical admixture which is suitable for use in wet, semi-dry or zero slump concrete, and the effect of admixture dosage on the physical and mechanical properties of the concrete was investigated. In the production of roller compacted concrete, the cement content was 300 kg/m3 and the chemical admixture dosages have been changed as 0%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9%. Percentage of compactibility, total water absorption, unit weight, ultrasonic pulse velocity, dynamic modulus of elasticity, concrete compressive strength at the ages of 3 and 28 days were determined for the roller compacted concrete specimens. Roller compacted concrete with the lowest percentage of water absorption, the highest percentage of compactibility, ultrasonic pulse velocity, compactness, compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity was the concrete produced with 0.6% admixture dosage. With the concrete design and the chemical admixture in question, it has been observed that the optimum dosage of chemical admixture for the production of the best quality concrete in terms of the concrete properties examined was 0.6%.
Gestão financeira e inadimplência: uma análise do endividamento de clientes de uma empresa do Alto Oeste Potiguar
Authors: Valentim Maria Elizânia Chaves , De Melo Geison Calyo Varela , Bento Francisca Joselânia da Silva , Rego Filho Francisco Souza , Rêgo Sidnéia Maia de Oliveira , Costa Yascara Pryscilla Dantas , De Morais Lucas Andrade
Published: December 2022

As empresas enfrentam desafios constantes com a gestão financeira quando buscam o alcance de seus objetivos organizacionais e se deparam com a inadimplência que vem crescendo nos últimos anos. Dessa forma, a pesquisa buscou analisar como a inadimplência afeta a gestão financeira de uma ótica no Alto Oeste Potiguar. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se um estudo de campo, de caráter descritivo, com abordagem quali-quanti, e a coleta de dados se deu mediante pesquisa documental, realizada no sistema de gestão da empresa e por meio de entrevista com dois gestores. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados através da estatística descritiva e os qualitativos pela análise de discurso. A partir dos dados analisados, constatou-se que o índice de inadimplência afeta a situação financeira da organização, dificultando o crescimento da empresa visto que impossibilita investimentos no negócio. Conclui-se, portanto, que, quando não há um controle da inadimplência, os efeitos podem prejudicar toda a empresa uma vez que o risco é constante de perda financeira por se tratar de vendas sem retorno.
Rare Case of Caesarean Scar Pregnancy with Soaring β-hCG Levels: A Therapeutic Challenge
Authors: Jaiswal Nishtha , Yadav Reena , Bardhan Apurwa , Kumar Manisha
Published: December 2022

Caesarean Scar Pregnancy (CSP) is a life-threatening form of ectopic pregnancy characterised by abnormal implantation of embryo within the myometrium and fibrous tissues of a previous scar on the uterus. This is the case report of a 24-year-old pregnant lady who underwent previous caesarean section presented at eight weeks gestation with bleeding per-vaginum. Ultrasound of pelvis revealed an intrauterine gestational sac with a live foetus at the site of previous caesarean scar with very high levels of serum beta-human Chorionic Gonadotropin (β-hCG) of 88789 mIU/mL. To prevent surgical complications, a conservative approach was employed, involving injection methotrexate and uterine artery embolisation. Serial measurements of serum β-hCG and transvaginal sonography were used for monitoring. Treatment was successful and the β-hCG levels returned to normal on day 48. This case report highlights that conservative management is successful even with extremely high serum β-hCG levels, and an early recognition and timely intervention is the key to prevent poor outcomes.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Knee in Post Meniscal Repair and Meniscectomy
Authors: El-Shelik Ola Mustafa , Emran Ali Mahmoud , Younes Rasha Lotfy , El-Badry Amr Mohamed
Published: December 2022

Background: The best imaging technique for post-operative knee assessment is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The challenge of using MRI to diagnose problems in the knee is made more challenging by surgical alterations. Therefore, reliable MRI assessment depends on the ability to distinguish between the normal post-operative MRI image of the knee elements and their anomalies. The purpose of this research was to compare the clinical result with the use of MRI to identify predicted morphological changes in the knee menisci during the first two years after arthroscopic operation.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 30 patients with previously undergone meniscal repaired or meniscectomy and reported having ongoing or frequent knee discomfort. All patients had extensive clinical examinations and detailed history collection, radiographical imaging and MRI.

Results: MRI examination of the knee post operatively showed that the time needed for beginning of meniscus healing after surgery ranged from 3-6months. 27 patients (90%) had a meniscus tear in the posterior 1/3. Degenerative tears 11 (36.4%) was the most prevalent meniscal tears pattern diagnosed by MRI. No effusion occurred in 25 (83.3%) patients. Thirty cases were treated; seventeen received arthroscopic repair, and thirteen underwent resection. 11 patients (36.6%) had symptoms ranging from joint swelling or pain, restricted motion, instability/giving away, and catching/locking, whereas 19 (63.4%) were asymptomatic.

Conclusions: Within the first two years after arthroscopic operations, MRI plays a useful role in detecting anticipated morphological alterations of the knee menisci.
Business Trends in Digital Era: A Review
Authors: Achar Sandesh , Vijayendra Kumar , Hussain Sanwal , Kejriwal Aditya , Kejriwal Anurag
Published: December 2022

The business has a unique function in sustainable economic growth since it not only helps realize creative potential but also generates dispersed employment opportunities and additional funding for budgets at various levels. The use of various digital technologies within a business model that enables a company to have a variety of value-producing opportunities within the company is referred to as digitalization. Additionally, the field of management accounting has seen a significant degree of change with the aid of digitalization, which has improved it significantly. Furthermore, digitalization can have an impact on an organization's business models, and it enhances management accounting in a company setting. According to Business Trends in the Digital Era, trends drive transformations. Cities with greater competitiveness will transition from industrial centers to industry and innovation hubs, and businesses with greater competitiveness will transition from production to product and innovation centers. The secret to success is innovation! The current trend in development is innovation-driven. This article summarizes all the new trends of business in this digital era.
Updates in the Use of 3D Bioprinting in Biomedical Engineering for Clinical Application: A Review
Authors: Al-Mansour Ali Hamad Mohammed , Rizk Abdullah Nasser Gvin Al , Al-Mansour Hamad Mohammed Shaman , Mahamed Hadi Salem Faraj Al , Sharmah Hussain Saleh Muidh Al , Al-mahamed Ali Mohammed , Al-hattab Jaber Mohammed , Almansour Fahad Mohammed Hamad
Published: December 2022

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is one of the most well-liked new innovative and promising manufacturing techniques, which has demonstrated tremendous potential for the creation of biostructures in tissue engineering, particularly for bones, orthopaedic tissues, and related organs.  3D printing for the medical industry was considered a lofty pipe dream. Time and money, though, made it a reality. Today's 3D printing technology has a significant possibility to assist pharmaceutical and medical corporations in developing more specialised pharmaceuticals, enabling the quick creation of medical implants, and transforming how doctors and surgeons approach surgical planning. In today's practise of precision medicine and for individualised therapies, patient-specific anatomical models that are 3D printed are becoming increasingly helpful tools. In contrast to the conventional use of 3D printing to create cell-free scaffolds, 3D bioprinting requires various technical methods, such as biomimicry, autonomous self-assembly, and mini-tissue building blocks, to create 3D structures with mechanical and biological properties suitable for the deposition of living cells and the restoration of tissue and organ function. Cells, bioinks, and bioprinters are all necessary components of the bioprinting process, and each one of them has biological, technological, ethical, and cost- and clinically-effectiveness-related issues. As a result, there are several difficulties in integrating 3D bioprinting into widespread clinical practise. Currently, there are multiple applications for 3D bioprinting such as in surgery, cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal and even in drug screening. All of which will be discussed in this review.
The Need for a Smoking Cessation “Care Package”
Authors: Califf Robert M. , King Brian A.
Published: December 2022

This Viewpoint from leadership at the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposes the creation of a comprehensive “care package” framework of resources to help maximize cessation of tobacco use, including components focused on strategies at the individual, health system, and population levels.
Performance of Physician Groups and Hospitals Participating in Bundled Payments Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Liao Joshua M. , Huang Qian , Wang Erkuan , Linn Kristin , Shirk Torrey , Zhu Jingsan , Cousins Deborah , Navathe Amol S.
Published: December 2022

Importance

Hospital participation in bundled payment initiatives has been associated with financial savings and stable quality of care. However, how physician group practices (PGPs) perform in bundled payments compared with hospitals remains unknown.

Objectives

To evaluate the association of PGP participation in the Bundled Payments for Care Improvement (BPCI) initiative with episode outcomes and to compare these with outcomes for participating hospitals.

Design, Settings, and Participants

This cohort study with a difference-in-differences analysis used 2011 to 2018 Medicare claims data to compare the association of BPCI participation with episode outcomes for PGPs vs hospitals providing medical and surgical care to Medicare beneficiaries. Data analyses were conducted from January 1, 2020, to May 31, 2022.

Exposures

Hospitalization for any of the 10 highest-volume episodes (5 medical and 5 surgical) included in the BPCI initiative for Medicare patients of participating PGPs and hospitals.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was 90-day total episode spending. Secondary outcomes were 90-day readmissions and mortality.

Results

The total sample comprised data from 1 288 781 Medicare beneficiaries, of whom 696 710 (mean [SD] age, 76.2 [10.8] years; 432 429 [59.7%] women; 619 655 [85.5%] White individuals) received care through 379 BPCI-participating hospitals and 1441 propensity-matched non−BPCI-participating hospitals, and 592 071 (mean [SD] age, 75.4 [10.9] years; 527 574 [86.6%] women; 360 835 [59.3%] White individuals) received care from 6405 physicians in BPCI-participating PGPs and 24 758 propensity-matched physicians in non−BPCI-participating PGPs. For PGPs, BPCI participation was associated with greater reductions in episode spending for surgical (difference, –$1368; 95% CI, –$1648 to –$1088) but not for medical episodes (difference, –$101; 95% CI, –$410 to $206). Hospital participation in BPCI was associated with greater reductions in episode spending for both surgical (–$1010; 95% CI, –$1345 to –$675) and medical (–$763; 95% CI, –$1139 to –$386) episodes.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study and difference-in-differences analysis of PGPs and hospital participation in BPCI found that bundled payments were associated with cost savings for surgical episodes for PGPs, and savings for both surgical and medical episodes for hospitals. Policy makers should consider the comparative performance of participant types when designing and evaluating bundled payment models.
Association of Developmental Language Disorder With Comorbid Developmental Conditions Using Algorithmic Phenotyping
Authors: Nitin Rachana , Shaw Douglas M. , Rocha Daniel B. , Walters Courtney E. , Chabris Christopher F. , Camarata Stephen M. , Gordon Reyna L. , Below Jennifer E.
Published: December 2022

Importance

Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a common (with up to 7% prevalence) yet underdiagnosed childhood disorder whose underlying biological profile and comorbidities are not fully understood, especially at the population level.

Objective

To identify clinically relevant conditions that co-occur with DLD at the population level.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This case-control study used an electronic health record (EHR)–based population-level approach to compare the prevalence of comorbid health phenotypes between DLD cases and matched controls. These cases were identified using the Automated Phenotyping Tool for Identifying Developmental Language Disorder algorithm of the Vanderbilt University Medical Center EHR, and a phenome enrichment analysis was used to identify comorbidities. An independent sample was selected from the Geisinger Health System EHR to test the replication of the phenome enrichment using the same phenotyping and analysis pipeline. Data from the Vanderbilt EHR were accessed between March 2019 and October 2020, while data from the Geisinger EHR were accessed between January and March 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Common and rare comorbidities of DLD at the population level were identified using EHRs and a phecode-based enrichment analysis.

Results

Comorbidity analysis was conducted for 5273 DLD cases (mean [SD] age, 16.8 [7.2] years; 3748 males [71.1%]) and 26 353 matched controls (mean [SD] age, 14.6 [5.5] years; 18 729 males [71.1%]). Relevant phenotypes associated with DLD were found, including learning disorder, delayed milestones, disorders of the acoustic nerve, conduct disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, lack of coordination, and other motor deficits. Several other health phenotypes not previously associated with DLD were identified, such as dermatitis, conjunctivitis, and weight and nutrition, representing a new window into the clinical complexity of DLD.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found both rare and common comorbidities of DLD. Comorbidity profiles may be leveraged to identify risk of additional health challenges, beyond language impairment, among children with DLD.
Acupuncture for the Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Qi Ling-Yu , Yang Jing-Wen , Yan Shi-Yan , Tu Jian-Feng , She Yan-Fen , Li Ying , Chi Li-Li , Wu Bang-Qi , Liu Cun-Zhi
Published: December 2022

Importance

Acupuncture is a promising therapy for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but the use of subjective scales as an assessment is accompanied by high placebo response rates.

Objectives

To preliminarily test the feasibility of using US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–recommended end points to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of IBS.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This pilot, multicenter randomized clinical trial was conducted in 4 tertiary hospitals in China from July 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021, and 14-week data collection was completed in March 2021. Individuals with a diagnosis of IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D) were randomized to 1 of 3 groups, including 2 acupuncture groups (specific acupoints [SA] and nonspecific acupoints [NSA]) and a sham acupuncture group (non-acupoints [NA]) with a 1:1:1 ratio.

Interventions

Patients in all groups received twelve 30-minute sessions over 4 consecutive weeks at 3 sessions per week (ideally every other day).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the response rate at week 4, which was defined as the proportion of patients whose worst abdominal pain score (score range, 0-10, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 indicating unbearable severe pain) decreased by at least 30% and the number of type 6 or 7 stool days decreased by 50% or greater.

Results

Ninety patients (54 male [60.0%]; mean [SD] age, 34.5 [11.3] years) were enrolled, with 30 patients in each group. There were substantial improvements in the primary outcomes for all groups (composite response rates of 46.7% [95% CI, 28.8%-65.4%] in the SA group, 46.7% [95% CI, 28.8%-65.4%] in the NSA group, and 26.7% [95% CI, 13.0%-46.2%] in the NA group), although the difference between them was not statistically significant (P = .18). The response rates of adequate relief at week 4 were 64.3% (95% CI, 44.1%-80.7%) in the SA group, 62.1% (95% CI, 42.4%-78.7%) in the NSA group, and 55.2% (95% CI, 36.0%-73.0%) in the NA group (P = .76). Adverse events were reported in 2 patients (6.7%) in the SA group and 3 patients (10%) in NSA or NA group.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this pilot randomized clinical trial, acupuncture in both the SA and NSA groups showed clinically meaningful improvement in IBS-D symptoms, although there were no significant differences among the 3 groups. These findings suggest that acupuncture is feasible and safe; a larger, sufficiently powered trial is needed to accurately assess efficacy.

Trial Registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000030670
Association of Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence With Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Early Childhood Socioemotional Development Among Mothers and Children in Rural Tanzania
Authors: Ramos de Oliveira Clariana Vitória , Sudfeld Christopher Robert , Muhihi Alfa , McCoy Dana Charles , Fawzi Wafaie W. , Masanja Honorati , Yousafzai Aisha K.
Published: December 2022

Importance

Approximately 1 in 4 women experience intimate partner violence (IPV) or nonpartner sexual violence during their lifetime. Mothers exposed to IPV are more likely to experience depressive symptoms and to discipline their children harshly, which may affect their children’s socioemotional development; however, there is limited evidence on these outcomes.

Objective

To examine the association between IPV, maternal depressive symptoms, harsh child discipline, and child stimulation with child socioemotional development.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This study used cross-sectional follow-up data collected from February 19 to October 10, 2014, from a birth cohort of children aged 18 to 36 months who were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of neonatal vitamin A supplementation in the Morogoro region of Tanzania. Data analysis occurred between September 10, 2019, and January 20, 2020.

Exposures

Lifetime experience of IPV was assessed using an abbreviated module of the Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey, maternal depressive symptoms were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire, and data on harsh child discipline and maternal stimulation of their children were collected using modules of the United Nations Children's Fund Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Child socioemotional development was measured by the Caregiver-Reported Early Childhood Development Instruments.

Results

A total of 981 mother-child dyads were included in the analytic sample; 388 children (39.6%) were between ages 18 and 24 (mean [SD] age, 27.06 [6.08]) months, and 515 (52.5%) were male children. A negative association was observed between maternal report of physical IPV only (mean difference, −0.022; 95% CI, −0.045 to −0.006) and physical and sexual IPV (mean difference, −0.045; 95% CI, −0.077 to −0.013) with child socioemotional scores, but neither was statistically significant after including depressive symptoms in the model, which is consistent with mediation. Furthermore, a negative association was observed between maternal mild to severe depressive symptoms and child socioemotional development, including adjustment for IPV (mean difference, −0.073; 95% CI, −0.103 to −0.043). Harsh disciplinary practices and stimulation were not associated with child socioemotional development after adjusting for IPV, maternal depressive symptoms, and other factors.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this study suggest that maternal depressive symptoms may explain the negative association between IPV and child socioemotional development.
Use of Single-Arm Trials for US Food and Drug Administration Drug Approval in Oncology, 2002-2021
Authors: Agrawal Sundeep , Arora Shaily , Amiri-Kordestani Laleh , de Claro R. Angelo , Fashoyin-Aje Lola , Gormley Nicole , Kim Tamy , Lemery Steven , Mehta Gautam U. , Scott Emma C. , Singh Harpreet , Tang Shenghui , Theoret Marc R. , Pazdur Richard , Kluetz Paul G. , Beaver Julia A.
Published: December 2022

Importance

Single-arm trials have allowed for transformative therapies to be made available to patients expeditiously. However, using single-arm trials to support drug approval presents several challenges that must be carefully considered.

Observations

Between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2021, the US Food and Drug Administration granted 176 new malignant hematology and oncology indications based on single-arm trials, including 116 accelerated approvals (AAs) and 60 traditional approvals. Overall, 87 approvals (49%) were for new molecular entities or original biologics and 89 (51%) were supplemental indications. Response rate (RR) was the most common end point used to support approval in these single-arm trials (173 of 176 [98%]). Of the 116 AAs based on single-arm trials, 45 (38%) fulfilled their postmarketing requirement to verify clinical benefit, 61 (52%) are pending verification of benefit, and 10 (9%) were withdrawn from the market as of December 31, 2021. Most (56 of 61 [92%]) AAs based on single-arm trials pending verification of benefit occurred during the previous 5 years and have ongoing confirmatory trials as of December 2021.

Conclusions and Relevance

Single-arm trials have been a common development strategy to support regulatory approval as early-stage expansion cohorts with promising durable RRs have become more prevalent. In the appropriate context, single-arm trials using durable RRs can allow patients expedited access to novel therapies and will continue to serve a role in advancing drug development in oncology. However, single-arm trials have a smaller noncomparative safety data set, inability to use time-to-event end points, and other limitations that require careful consideration within the context of the disease and available therapies. The randomized clinical trial remains the preferred approach in clinical investigation.
An Atypical Rash on the Chest
Authors: Darwish Tarneem , Bomeisl Phillip , Mangla Ankit
Published: December 2022

A 71-year-old man presented with a rapidly progressing rash and swelling of the left side of the chest wall. What is your diagnosis?
Target‐Catalyzed Self‐Assembly of DNA‐Streptavidin Nanogel for Enzyme‐Free miRNA Assay
Authors: Park Jae Chul , Na Hyebin , Choi Saehan , Jeon Huiju , Nam Yoon Sung
Published: December 2022

Rapid, sensitive, specific, and user‐friendly microRNA (miRNA) assays are in high demand for point‐of‐care diagnosis. Target‐catalyzed toehold‐mediated strand displacement (TMSD) has received increasing attention as an enzyme‐free molecular tool for DNA detection. However, the application of TMSD to miRNA targets is challenging because relatively weak DNA/RNA hybridization leads to failure in the subtle kinetic control of multiple hybridization steps. Here, a simple method is presented for miRNA assay based on the one‐pot self‐assembly of Y‐shaped DNAs with streptavidin via an miRNA‐catalyzed TMSD cascade reaction. A single miRNA catalyzes the opening cycle of DNA hairpin loops to generate multiple Y‐shaped DNAs carrying biotin and a quencher at the end of their arms. Introducing a single base‐pair mismatch near the toehold facilitates RNA‐triggered strand displacement while barely disturbing nonspecific reactions. The Y‐shaped DNAs are self‐assembled with fluorescently labeled streptavidin (sAv), which produces nanoscale DNA‐sAv nanogel particles mediating efficient Förster resonance energy transfer in their 3D network. The enhancing effect dramatically reduces the detection limit from the nanomolar level to the picomolar level. This work proves that TMSD‐based DNA nanogel with a base‐pair mismatch incorporated to a hairpin structure is a promising approach towards sensitive and accurate miRNA assay.
Microenvironment‐Adaptive Nanozyme for Accelerating Drug‐Resistant Bacteria‐Infected Wound Healing
Authors: Yu Lei , Sun Yiping , Niu Yusheng , Zhang Pengfei , Hu Jun , Chen Zhong , Zhang Gong , Xu Yuanhong
Published: December 2022

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are favorable for antibacterial infection but their overproduction results in serious inflammatory response and aggravates the hypoxic state of the wound tissue, which is detrimental to healing stages of proliferation and remodeling. Here, an atomic‐dispersion Fe‐doped oxygen‐deficient molybdenum oxide MoO3−X (ADFM) bifunctional nanozyme, featuring implanted peroxidase‐like and enhanced catalase‐like activity, is developed for decomposing H2O2 into strongly oxidizing hydroxyl radicals (•OH) for prevention of bacterial infection and into plentiful O2 for healing stages. Therein, the introduction of Fe into MoO3−X primarily produces an asymmetric electron density difference by elongating the bond length between metal atoms, synchronously stabilizing adsorption of •OH and weakening the adsorption of O2. ADFM also shows unimaginably high aqueous dispersity and pH‐adaptive ROS regulation in the wound microenvironment, both of which are favorable for ADFM to fully exert enzyme‐like activity for timely antibacterial and efficient wound‐healing action. ADFM thus achieves efficient healing of drug‐resistant bacteria‐infected wounds in vivo, at an ultralow dosage of 30 µg mL−1 against 106 CFU mL−1 extended spectrum β‐lactamases‐producing Escherichia coli, exhibiting a wound‐healing efficiency of ≈10 mm2 per day, which sets a benchmark among these noble‐metal‐free nanozyme‐based wound‐healing agents.
Laser‐Induced Hole Coherence and Spatial Self‐Phase Modulation in the Anisotropic 3D Weyl Semimetal TaAs
Authors: Huang Yixuan , Zhao Hui , Li Zhilin , Hu Lili , Wu Yanling , Sun Fei , Meng Sheng , Zhao Jimin
Published: December 2022

Laser‐induced electron coherence is a fascinating topic in manipulating quantum materials. Recently, it has been shown that laser‐induced electron coherence in 2D materials can produce a third‐order nonlinear optical response spatial self‐phase modulation (SSPM), which has been used to develop a novel all‐optical switching scheme. However, such investigations have mainly focused on electron coherence, whereas laser‐induced hole coherence is rarely explored. Here, the observation of the optical Kerr effect in 3D Weyl semimetal TaAs flakes is reported. The nonlinear susceptibility (χ(3)) is obtained, which exhibits a surprisingly high value (with = 9.9 × 10−9 e.s.u. or 1.4 × 10−16 m2 V−2 at 532 nm). This cannot be explained by the conventional electron mobility, but can be well understood by the unique high anisotropic hole mobility of TaAs. The wind‐chime model and χ(3) carrier mobility correlation adequately explain the results, suggesting the crucial role of laser‐induced nonlocal ac hole coherence. These observations extend the understanding of SSPM from 2D to 3D quantum materials with anisotropic carrier mobility and from electron coherence to hole coherence.
Regulating Surface Oxygen Activity by Perovskite‐Coating‐Stabilized Ultrahigh‐Nickel Layered Oxide Cathodes
Authors: Wang Lifan , Liu Guicheng , Wang Rui , Wang Xindong , Wang Liguang , Yao Zhenpeng , Zhan Chun , Lu Jun
Published: December 2022

Ultrahigh‐Ni layered oxides are proposed as promising cathodes to fulfill the range demand of electric vehicles; yet, they are still haunted by compromised cyclability and thermal robustness. State‐of‐the‐art surface coating has been applied to solve the instability via blocking the physical contact between the electrolyte and the highly active Ni4+ ions on the cathode surface, but it falls short in handling the chemo–physical mobility of the oxidized lattice oxygen ions in the cathode. Herein, a direct regulation strategy is proposed to accommodate the highly active anionic redox within the solid phase. By leveraging the stable oxygen vacancies/interstitials in a lithium and oxygen dual‐ion conductor (layered perovskite La4NiLiO8) coating layer, the reactivity of the surface lattice oxygen ion is dramatically restrained. As a result, the oxygen release from the lattice is suppressed, as well as the undesired irreversible phase transition and intergranular mechanical cracking. Meanwhile, the introduced dual‐ion conductor can also facilitate lithium‐ion diffusion kinetics and electronic conductivity on the particle surface. This work demonstrates that accommodating the anionic redox chemistry by dual‐ion conductors is an effective strategy for capacity versus stability juggling of the high‐energy cathodes.
Humidity‐Insensitive, Large‐Area‐Applicable, Hot‐Air‐Assisted Ambient Fabrication of 2D Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Meng Ke , Chen Bin , Xiao Mingyue , Zhai Yufeng , Qiao Zhi , Yu Runze , Pan Li , Zheng Liya , Chen Gang
Published: December 2022

2D layered perovskites (LPs) have shown great potential to deliver high‐performance photovoltaic devices with long‐term stability. Despite many signs of progress being made in film quality and device performance, LP films are mainly processed in strict conditions and through non‐scalable techniques. Here, the hot‐air‐assisted ambient fabrication technique is introduced to prepare LP films for efficient and stable solar cells. The high‐quality LP films with good crystallinity, preferable orientation and desirable morphology are obtained by balancing the crystal nucleation and growth processes. Employing the synchrotron‐based in situ grazing‐incidence X‐ray diffraction technique, hot air induces the solidification of solutes and forms an intermediate at the air–liquid interface, which transforms into 3D‐like perovskite, followed by the growth of the 2D species toward the substrate. The optimal LP film delivers a device power conversion efficiency of 16.36%, the best value for the LP‐based solar cells prepared by the non‐spin‐coating techniques. The solar cell performance is insensitive to the film processing humidity and the device size is upscalable, which promises real‐world deployment of LP‐based optoelectronic devices.
Ultrathin, Graphene‐in‐Polyimide Strain Sensor via Laser‐Induced Interfacial Ablation of Polyimide
Authors: Yu Haiyang , Bian Jing , Chen Furong , Ji Jingjing , Huang YongAn
Published: December 2022

Laser‐induced graphene sensors have attracted considerable interest in various fields; however, the low sensitivity and conformability limit their further applications in measuring soft, large deformable structures. Here, an innovative method of interface ablation is presented to convert the interfacial polyimide into graphene by nanosecond ultraviolet laser (308 nm). Significantly different from the traditional laser surface ablation, interface ablation demonstrates its unique capacity to produce high‐quality graphene with limited ablation depth, which benefits from the combined effect of highly concentrated temperature distribution, the confinement of reaction product, and a unique ablation mode dominated by heat conduction. Using this method, an ultrathin (8 µm), graphene‐in‐polyimide (GiP) strain sensor is obtained, which is six times thinner than that prepared by the traditional surface ablation. The ultrathin GiP sensors exhibit excellent conformability (small bending radius of 400 µm), high strain sensitivity (24.8), and high force sensitivity (4.2 N−1). Demonstrations of this GiP strain sensor in the deformation measurement of the morphing aircraft (e.g., bending, twisting, and impact) illustrate its powerful abilities in the health monitoring of equipment, thus providing engineering opportunities for smart devices requiring accurate deformation measurement.
Social Health and Cognitive Change in Old Age: Role of Brain Reserve
Authors: Marseglia Anna , Kalpouzos Grégoria , Laukka Erika J. , Maddock Jane , Patalay Praveetha , Wang Hui‐Xin , Bäckman Lars , Westman Eric , Welmer Anna‐Karin , Dekhtyar Serhiy ,   the SHARED Consortium
Published: December 2022

Objective

Individual aspects of social health (SH; eg, network, engagement, support) have been linked to cognitive health. However, their combined effect and the role of the structural properties of the brain (brain reserve [BR]) remain unclear. We investigated the interplay of SH and BR on cognitive change in older adults.

Methods

Within the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care–Kungsholmen, 368 dementia‐free adults aged ≥60 years with baseline brain magnetic resonance imaging were followed over 12 years to assess cognitive change. A measure of global cognition was computed at each of the 5 waves of assessment by averaging domain‐specific Z scores for episodic memory, perceptual speed, semantic memory, and letter and category fluency. An SH composite score was computed at baseline by combining leisure activities and social network. BR was proxied by total brain tissue volume (TBTV). Linear mixed models (adjusted for sociodemographic, vascular, and genetic factors) were used to estimate cognitive trajectories in relation to SH and TBTV. Interaction analysis and stratification were used to examine the interplay between SH and TBTV.

Results

Moderate–good SH (n = 245; vs poor, β‐slope = 0.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.002–0.02, p = 0.018) and moderate‐to‐large TBTV (n = 245; vs small, β‐slope = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.02–0.04, p < 0.001) were separately associated with slower cognitive decline. In stratified analysis, moderate–good SH was associated with higher cognitive levels (but not change) only in participants with moderate‐to‐large TBTV (β‐intercept = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.06–0.37, p < 0.01; interaction SH * TBTV, p < 0.05).

Interpretation

Our findings highlight the interplay between SH and BR that likely unfolds throughout the entire life course to shape old‐age cognitive outcomes. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:844–855
Subsurface Engineering Induced Fermi Level De‐pinning in Metal Oxide Semiconductors for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Jun , Ni Ganghai , Liao Wanru , Liu Kang , Chen Jiawei , Liu Fangyang , Zhang Zongliang , Jia Ming , Li Jie , Fu Junwei , Pensa Evangelina , Jiang Liangxing , Bian Zhenfeng , Cortés Emiliano , Liu Min
Published: December 2022

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising approach for renewable solar light conversion. However, surface Fermi level pinning (FLP), caused by surface trap states, severely restricts the PEC activities. Theoretical calculations indicate subsurface oxygen vacancy (sub‐Ov) could release the FLP and retain the active structure. A series of metal oxide semiconductors with sub‐Ov were prepared through precisely regulated spin‐coating and calcination. Etching X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and electron energy loss spectra (EELS) demonstrated Ov located at sub ∼2–5 nm region. Mott–Schottky and open circuit photovoltage results confirmed the surface trap states elimination and Fermi level de‐pinning. Thus, superior PEC performances of 5.1, 3.4, and 2.1 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE were achieved on BiVO4, Bi2O3, TiO2 with outstanding stability for 72 h, outperforming most reported works under the identical conditions.
Precise Assembly of Polyoxometalates at Single‐cluster Levels
Authors: Liu Qingda , Wang Xun
Published: December 2022

Polyoxometalate (POM) clusters with atomic precision structures are promising candidates construct functional nanomaterials via self‐assembly. Non‐covalent interactions at molecular levels can govern the self‐assembly of POM clusters, for which the precise control of POM‐based assemblies can be realized at single‐cluster levels. This mini‐review focuses on the synthesis and properties of POM‐based nanostructures, including amphiphilic POM assemblies and co‐assemblies of POM clusters and other subnanometer building blocks. Several synthetic strategies have been developed for rational control of POM‐based assemblies in terms of morphologies, compositions and properties. 1D subnanometer POM assemblies demonstrate remarkable enhanced mechanical properties due to the topological interactions between nanowires and surroundings. The in‐depth understanding of POM‐based assemblies may help in the design of functional nanomaterials in fundamental perspectives and applications.
Molecular Level Modulation of Anthraquinone‐containing Resorcinol‐formaldehyde Resin Photocatalysts for H2O2 Production with Exceeding 1.2 % Efficiency
Authors: Zhao Chen , Wang Xinyao , Yin Yanfeng , Tian Wenming , Zeng Guang , Li Haitao , Ye Sheng , Wu Limin , Liu Jian
Published: December 2022

Designing polymeric photocatalysts at the molecular level to modulate the photogenerated charge behavior is a promising and challenging strategy for efficient hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) photosynthesis. Here, we introduce electron‐deficient 1,4‐dihydroxyanthraquinone (DHAQ) into the framework of resorcinol‐formaldehyde (RF) resin, which modulates the donor/acceptor ratio from the perspective of molecular design for promoting the charge separation. Interestingly, H2O2 can be produced via oxygen reduction and water oxidation pathways, verified by isotopic labeling and in situ characterization techniques. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidate that DHAQ can reduce the energy barrier for H2O2 production. RF‐DHAQ exhibits excellent overall photosynthesis of H2O2 with a solar‐to‐chemical conversion (SCC) efficiency exceeding 1.2 %. This work opens a new avenue to design polymeric photocatalysts at the molecular level for high‐efficiency artificial photosynthesis.
Synthesis and catalytic applications of organo‐functionalized MCM‐41 catalyst: A review
Authors: Khan Danish , Shaily
Published: December 2022

In recent times, mesoporous silica sieves gathered considerable attention from a fundamental as well as an applied perspective. Particularly, MCM‐41 has become increasingly popular among researchers because of its chemical flexibility and application in various fields. In addition, MCM‐41‐based materials are currently being extensively studied for their utility as substrates, adsorbents, catalysts, molecular hosts, and ion exchangers. This review article provides a thoughtful analysis of the developments in these areas, particularly emphasizing the recent advance in the functionalization of MCM‐41 via metal complex and their catalytic applications in a variety of reactions such as coupling reactions and oxidation reactions. This review explores the catalytic properties that led to such widespread use, and why there is now an increasing drive to synthesize such a catalytic system.