bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐88: Efficiency Improvement of Top‐Emission Green Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diode with Dielectric‐Metal‐Dielectric Cathode
Authors: Lin Bo-Yen , Chen Chia-Hsun , Lin Kun-Rong , Lee Chun-Yu , Chiu Tien-Lung , Lee Jiun-Haw
Published: June 2022

In this work, we have demonstrated a top‐emission green quantum dot light‐emitting diode (QLED) with dielectric‐metal‐dielectric (DMD) structure as transparent cathode, which consisted of ytterbium (Yb)‐doped molybdenum oxide (MoO3)/Yb:Ag/MoO3. The DMD‐QLED exhibited a reduced operational voltage and higher efficiency by 1.43‐folds enhancement in external quantum efficiency relative to reference QLED due to the improvement of electron injection and transport as well as less exciton quenching.
P‐114: Optimization of Essential Factor to Fabricate High‐Quality Polymer‐Stabilized Vertically Aligned Liquid‐Crystal Displays
Authors: Lim Yong-Woon , Park Kiwan , Kim Hyeon Hwan
Published: June 2022

We studied process optimization for the most important key factor, the pretilt angle, to improve the optical properties while maintaining the main advantages of the polymer‐stabilized vertically aligned liquid crystal display. The optimal condition for the panel with improved optical properties satisfies general optical properties based on a pretilt angle of 1.57 degrees. In the evaluation of major process control factors, process control of ±0.4 V based on 7.9 V, ±0.3 J based on UV condition 4.0 J, and ±0.6 μm process control based on pixel electrode width 3.1 μm is required. Other process conditions have a low influence and can be neglected. Maintaining these conditions, we secured a side CR 550:1 or higher along with a front CR 5000:1.
Recent Advances in Near‐Infrared‐II Fluorescence Imaging for Deep‐Tissue Molecular Analysis and Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Meng Xiangdan , Pang Xuejiao , Zhang Kai , Gong Chenchen , Yang Junyan , Dong Haifeng , Zhang Xueji
Published: June 2022

Fluorescence imaging with high sensitivity and minimal invasiveness has received tremendous attention, which can accomplish visualized monitoring and evaluation of cancer progression. Compared with the conventional first near‐infrared (NIR‐I) optical window (650–950 nm), fluorescence imaging in the second NIR optical window (NIR‐II, 950–1700 nm) exhibits deeper tissue penetration capability and higher temporal‐spatial resolution with lower background interference for achieving deep‐tissue in vivo imaging and real‐time monitoring of cancer development. Encouraged by the significant preponderances, a variety of multifunctional NIR‐II fluorophores have been designed and fabricated for sensitively imaging biomarkers in vivo and visualizing the treatment procedure of cancers. In this review, the differences between NIR‐I and NIR‐II fluorescence imaging are briefly introduced, especially the advantages of NIR‐II fluorescence imaging for the real‐time visualization of tumors in vivo and cancer diagnosis. An important focus is to summarize the NIR‐II fluorescence imaging for deep‐tissue biomarker analysis in vivo and tumor tissue visualization, and a brief introduction of NIR‐II fluorescence imaging‐guided cancer therapy is also presented. Finally, the significant challenges and reasonable prospects of NIR‐II fluorescence imaging for cancer diagnosis in clinical applications are outlined.
Natural variation and underlying genetic loci of γ‐oryzanol in Asian cultivated rice seeds
Authors: Sun Wenli , Shi Jin , Hong Jun , Zhao Guochao , Wang Wensheng , Zhang Dabing , Zhang Wei , Shi Jianxin
Published: June 2022

γ‐oryzanol is the most studied component in rice (Oryza sativa L.) bran oil. It is not only associated with physiological processes of rice growth and development but also grain quality that is related to human health. Previous studies focused mainly on γ‐oryzanol composition and content in various rice cultivars, while its biosynthetic and regulatory pathways remain unknown. Here we present the quantitative identification of γ‐oryzanol in rice seeds across 179 Asian cultivated accessions using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐TOF/MS), which revealed a significant natural variation in γ‐oryzanol content among these tested rice accessions. In addition, we present, for the first time, the genome‐wide association study (GWAS) on rice seed γ‐oryzanol, which identified 187 GWAS signal hot spots and 13 candidate genes that are associated with variable γ‐oryzanol content and provided the top 10 rice haplotypes with high γ‐oryzanol content for breeding. Collectively, our study provides valuable germplasms for breeding rice cultivars rich in γ‐oryzanol and genetic resources for elucidating genetic and biochemical bases of variable γ‐oryzanol in rice.
Dementia patient and caregiver relevant outcomes currently being reported by adult day service centers in the United States
Authors: Sadarangani Tina , Anderson Keith , Westmore Megan Rose , Zhong Jie
Published: June 2022

Background

Approximately one third of adults in adult day services (ADS) centers have Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD‐related dementias (ADRD). Understanding of the impact and effectiveness of ADS on persons living with dementia (PLWD) is limited by a lack of patient and caregiver relevant outcomes (PCRO) data. We identified PCROs collected at ADS sites in states that mandate serial data collection and examined the degree to which these data align with established Dementia Care Practice Recommendations (DCPR) and PCROs used in other areas of long‐term care.

Methods

We conducted an item analysis of regulatory forms used by ADS. Consistent with the methodology used by the Imbedded Pragmatic AD/ADRD Clinical Trials (IMPACT) Collaboratory for PCROs collected in other long‐term care settings, we created a matrix informed by DCPR. We matched each item in regulatory forms reflecting a PCRO to one of the seven DCPR domains as well as to the 53 PCROs from other long‐term care sectors.

Results

Ten states routinely collect outcome data in ADS. Among these, 80% assess cognitive function. All 10 states capture PLWD's ability to complete activities of daily living. Presence and frequency of behavioral symptoms were collected by 80% of states. Very few or, in some cases, none of the 10 states, collected PCROs related to care planning and coordination, education, social support, and/or family caregiver burden and support.

Discussion

Lack of standardized collection of PCROs hampers researchers’ understanding of ADS. The vast majority of PCROs collected center on participants’ physical health; conversely, data on socialization, social support, and caregiver well‐being, which are purportedly the most impactful services offered by ADS centers, are rarely collected. ADS would be well served to focus on these outcome domains as the resulting data could paint a more complete picture of the holistic impact of ADS on PLWD and their caregivers.
Monte Carlo modeling of gold nanoparticles detection limits of benchtop three‐dimensional L‐ and K‐shell X‐ray fluorescence mapping systems
Authors: Jung Seongmoon
Published: June 2022

This study aims to investigate the detection limits of gold nanoparticle (GNP) concentrations by Monte Carlo (MC) modeling of benchtop polychromatic K‐ and L‐shell X‐ray fluorescence mapping system. In Monte Carlo N‐Particle (MCNP version 6.1) simulations, a 0.25‐cm‐diameter cylinder containing GNPs of various concentrations (i.e., 0.005%–1.0% gold by weight, wt%) was assumed to be located at the center of a cylindrical water phantom of various diameters (1.0–10 cm). Two different sets of incident pencil beam X‐rays and detectors were modeled to stimulate X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) of GNPs: (1) 62 kVp and silicon drift detector for L‐XRF, (2) 105 kVp and cadmium telluride detector for K‐XRF. The detection limits were calculated for given radiation doses to the center of phantom (375–1500 mGy). When the diameter of the phantom was 1 cm, the detection limits for L‐XRF and K‐XRF were an order of 0.001 wt% and of 0.01 wt%, respectively. The detectability of K‐XRF turned out to be superior to that of L‐XRF for the phantoms greater than or equal to 3 cm in diameter. The MC results will provide a guide for developing an optimal benchtop XRF imaging system for in vivo preclinical imaging, depending on the sizes of GNP‐loaded objects, GNP concentrations, and radiation doses.
Mixed cation [H3O]+/[XeF5]+/M2+ (M=Ca, Cd), [O2]+/[XeF5]+/Sr2+ and [H3O]+/Sr2+ fluoridoantimonate(V) salts
Authors: Mazej Zoran , Goreshnik Evgeny
Published: June 2022

The reaction between H3OSbF6, XeF5SbF6, and M(SbF6)2 (M=Ca, Cd) in anhydrous HF gave (H3O)(XeF5)2M2(SbF6)7 ⋅ nHF salts (n=3.95 for M=Ca and n=3.21 for M=Cd) upon crystallization. Their crystal structures consist of SbF6 units connecting M2+ centers located in the same plane. In this way, slabs are formed, each slab containing a layer of M2+ cations. The [XeF5]+ and [H3O]+ cations are located between adjacent slabs. Single crystals of (O2)(XeF5)2Sr4(SbF6)11 ⋅ 8HF were grown from aHF solution prepared by reaction between O2SbF6, XeF2, SrF2, SbF3 and UV‐irradiated F2. Attempts to grow single crystals of the fluoridoantimonate(V) salt containing simultaneously the cation [H3O]+ and XeF2 coordinated to an M2+ metal center failed. Instead, only a few single crystals of the H3O[Sr(HF)2]3(SbF6)6(Sb2F11) salt were observed. An attempt to grow single crystals of NH4XeF5MnF6 from aHF solution yielded only a mixture of (XeF5)2MnF6 and (NH4)2MnF6.
Institutionalization, Interdisciplinarity, and Ambivalence in Research Situations
Authors: Parthey Heinrich
Published: June 2022

This article refers to the heart of science—research and the necessary freedom of research, which only arises with its institutionalization. Science deals with research problems in disciplinary and interdisciplinary research situations. An interdisciplinary research situation exists only when both the formulation of the problem and the methods used to address it require the participation of several disciplines. New scientific institutions, if nothing else, ensure interdisciplinary research. Since the times of Galileo Galilei, science has developed new, powerful research possibilities with the experimental method. The experimental method produces active changes that can also be accompanied by unintended consequences. Science must find a way to deal with this ambivalence without endangering its own freedom.
Artificial intelligence and work: a critical review of recent research from the social sciences
Authors: Deranty Jean-Philippe , Corbin Thomas
Published: June 2022

This review seeks to present a comprehensive picture of recent discussions in the social sciences of the anticipated impact of AI on the world of work. Issues covered include: technological unemployment, algorithmic management, platform work and the politics of AI work. The review identifies the major disciplinary and methodological perspectives on AI’s impact on work, and the obstacles they face in making predictions. Two parameters influencing the development and deployment of AI in the economy are highlighted: the capitalist imperative and nationalistic pressures.
Long-term effects and costs of pelvic floor muscle training for prolapse: trial follow-up record-linkage study
Authors: Fenocchi Linda , Best Catherine , Mason Helen , Elders Andrew , Hagen Suzanne , Maxwell Margaret
Published: June 2022

Introduction and hypothesis

Pelvic organ prolapse affects around 40% of women aged over 50 years. A multicentre parallel group randomised trial (the Pelvic Organ Prolapse PhysiotherapY (POPPY) trial) demonstrated that pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) was effective in reducing prolapse symptoms compared with no treatment. However, insight into the long-term impact of PFMT on health outcomes and health-service utilisation is scarce.

Methods

This study utilised linkage of Scottish administrative health records to follow-up POPPY trial participants resident in Scotland over 11 years. Mixed effects logistic regression determined the likelihood of receiving further prolapse treatment for those in the PFMT and control groups. Analyses were adjusted for age group, prolapse stage, baseline symptom severity and attitude towards surgery. A cost assessment estimated longitudinal costs to the UK National Health Service (in Scotland) of accessing further prolapse treatment for each trial group.

Results

Two hundred and ninety-three women, aged 25 to 79 years, were followed up. One hundred and forty-one women (48.1%) had received further prolapse treatment: 65 (of 149; 43.6%) in the PFMT group compared with 76 (of 144; 52.8%) in the control group. PFMT was associated with a reduction in the odds of any prolapse treatment during follow-up (AOR 0.61; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.99). Total cost of secondary care was £154,544 (GBP) in the PFMT group and £172,549 (GBP) in the control group.

Conclusions

Although PFMT did not lead to significant differences in total costs for further prolapse treatment over a post-intervention period of more than 10 years, it reduced the overall long-term risk of requiring hospital-based treatment for pelvic floor disorders.
Microbial electrosynthesis of methane and acetate—comparison of pure and mixed cultures
Authors: Hengsbach Jan-Niklas , Sabel-Becker Björn , Ulber Roland , Holtmann Dirk
Published: June 2022

The electrochemical process of microbial electrosynthesis (MES) is used to drive the metabolism of electroactive microorganisms for the production of valuable chemicals and fuels. MES combines the advantages of electrochemistry, engineering, and microbiology and offers alternative production processes based on renewable raw materials and regenerative energies. In addition to the reactor concept and electrode design, the biocatalysts used have a significant influence on the performance of MES. Thus, pure and mixed cultures can be used as biocatalysts. By using mixed cultures, interactions between organisms, such as the direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) or syntrophic interactions, influence the performance in terms of productivity and the product range of MES. This review focuses on the comparison of pure and mixed cultures in microbial electrosynthesis. The performance indicators, such as productivities and coulombic efficiencies (CEs), for both procedural methods are discussed. Typical products in MES are methane and acetate, therefore these processes are the focus of this review. In general, most studies used mixed cultures as biocatalyst, as more advanced performance of mixed cultures has been seen for both products. When comparing pure and mixed cultures in equivalent experimental setups a 3-fold higher methane and a nearly 2-fold higher acetate production rate can be achieved in mixed cultures. However, studies of pure culture MES for methane production have shown some improvement through reactor optimization and operational mode reaching similar performance indicators as mixed culture MES. Overall, the review gives an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of using pure or mixed cultures in MES.

Key points

•Undefined mixed cultures dominate as inoculums for the MES of methane and acetate, which comprise a high potential of improvement

•Under similar conditions, mixed cultures outperform pure cultures in MES

•Understanding the role of single species in mixed culture MES is essential for future industrial applications
Animation Supported Consent Before Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Doganay Emre , Wald David S. , Parker Sam , Hughes Frances
Published: June 2022

Background

Patient understanding of surgical procedures is often incomplete at the time they are performed, invalidating consent, and exposing healthcare providers to complaints and claims of failure to inform. Remote consultations, language barriers and patient factors can hinder an effective consent pathway. New approaches are needed to support communication and shared decision‐making.

Methods

Multi‐language digital animations explaining laparoscopic cholecystectomy were introduced at The Royal London Hospital for patients who attended for elective surgery (www.explainmyprocedure.com/lapchole). Patients completed questionnaires on the day of their procedure both before and after introduction of the animations. We assessed patient‐reported understanding of the procedure, its intended benefits, the possible risks, and alternatives to treatment in 72 consecutive patients, 37 before (no animation group) and after 35 after introducing the animations into the consent pathway (animation group). Patient understanding in the two groups was compared.

Results

The two groups were well matched in respect of age, sex and whether English was their first spoken language. The proportions of patients who reported they completely understood the procedure, its benefits, risks, and alternatives in the no animation group were 54, 57, 38 and 24% and in the animation group, 91, 91, 74 and 77%, respectively; p < 0.01 for each comparison.

Conclusion

The integration of multi‐language laparoscopic cholecystectomy video animations into the patient consent pathway was associated with substantial improvement in reported understanding of the procedure, benefits, risks, and alternatives to treatment. This approach can be applied across all surgical disciplines in a standardised manner in an era of accelerated elective work and remote consultations.
Pilot Animal Study on Robotic-Assisted Endovascular Visceral Interventions
Authors: Kupczyk Patrick A. , Attenberger Ulrike I. , Meyer Carsten , Luetkens Julian A. , Kuetting Daniel
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To evaluate technical feasibility and safety of common endovascular visceral interventions using a vascular robotic platform through preclinical study.

Material and Methods

The CorPath GRX Robotic System (Corindus Inc, Waltham, Massachusetts) was tested in an anesthetized pig for its ability to navigate various commercially available devices in the abdominal vasculature and to perform routine endovascular visceral procedures. After manually placing a guiding catheter in the celiac trunk, several visceral branches were probed with microcatheters and -wires under robotic assistance, and embolization with liquids (lipiodol), detachable coils and plugs were performed. Furthermore, the origin of the celiac trunk was stented before accessing the left hypogastric artery for pelvic embolization.

Results

All procedures were performed with technical success and without any complications. Navigating the catheters and wires via the steering console proved intuitive. Coil, plug and stent deployment were exclusively controlled by remote with remarkable precision and stability.

Conclusion

Robotic-assisted visceral embolization and stenting as well as pelvic embolization using the CorPath GRX System is feasible and safe. Application of the platform in the abdominal vasculature is demonstrated for the first time. Considering the precision and the potential for reducing the operator’s radiation exposure, further research in this area is highly encouraged to enable translation into clinical practice.
Species composition of sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in the Patagonian Argentinian deep sea, including seven new records: connectivity with sub-Antarctic and Antarctic fauna
Authors: Hurtado-García Jennifer , Manjón-Cabeza M. Eugenia
Published: June 2022

The main target of this paper is to improve the knowledge of the species composition of sea stars in Patagonian Argentine deep sea reaching depths of 2062 m. In addition, these results offer us the opportunity to analyze the possible connections between Argentinian marine fauna and adjacent Antarctic areas that have become a topic of interest in the past few years. This work is based on Atlantic Projects’ surveys carried out on an atypical and especially vulnerable marine ecosystems (canyons created from craters collapse by gas leaks). These are profusely impacted by frequent fishing activities, being one of the most important and international fishing grounds, where 887 records (1878 specimens) of 41 species of asteroids were collected in 217 stations ranging from 219 to 2062 m in depth. Seven of those species are proposed as new records: (Diplasterias octoradiata (Studer 1885), Plutonaster bifrons (Wyville Thomson, 1873), Radiaster elegans Perrier, 1881, Anseropoda antarctica Fisher, 1940, Pillsburiaster calvus Mah, 2011, Paralophaster lorioli (Koehler, 1907), Pteraster flabellifer Mortensen 1933). After refining the database built from literature and open-access databases such as OBIS and AntBIF, the new Argentinian asteroids deep-water checklist contains 2198 records from 64 asteroids species including the 7 new records proposed. Most of these 64 species (89.06%) are present in Antarctic-adjacent waters, and after the study of their occurrences at traditional biogeographic entities, our results support the hypothesis that Argentinian waters (in the case of the class Asteroidea) should be considered part of the sub-Antarctic entity.
Sensitivity of virtual non-contrast dual-energy CT urogram for detection of urinary calculi: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: McCoombe Katherine , Dobeli Karen , Meikle Steven , Llewellyn Stacey , Kench Peter
Published: June 2022

Objective

To determine the sensitivity of dual-energy (DE) virtual non-contrast computed tomography (vNCT), generated from the excretory phase of a CT urogram, compared to true non-contrast CT (tNCT) for the detection of urinary calculi.

Methods

A search of multiple medical literature databases was performed using predetermined search terms. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and bias risk was assessed by two independent reviewers using the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS) tool. Collated estimates of sensitivity were generated, and sources of heterogeneity were identified and reviewed.

Results

Thirteen studies (1760 patients; 1740 urinary calculi) were included for sensitivity assessment. Pooled sensitivity for urinary calculi on vNCT was 78.1% (95% CI: 70.2 to 85.0%); however, heterogeneity between studies was very high (I2 = 92.0%). Sources of heterogeneity between studies were explored through subgroup analysis by categorising studies according to slice thickness (≥ 2 mm and < 2 mm), use of oral hydration, and use of intravenous furosemide. Pooled sensitivity for detection of urinary calculi on vNCT for studies that used oral hydration and < 2 mm slice thickness was 92.2% (95% CI: 89.5 to 94.5%). Pooled specificity was not performed as true negatives were not reported in most studies. Potential sources of bias were identified in included studies.

Conclusion

vNCT demonstrated a moderate pooled sensitivity compared to tNCT for the detection of urinary calculi in split bolus CT urogram protocols. However, subgroup analysis suggests higher sensitivity when employing oral hydration and < 2 mm slice thickness or increment.

Key Points

• vNCT demonstrated moderate pooled sensitivity for the detection of urinary calculi in split bolus CT urogram protocols.

• Subgroup analysis suggested higher sensitivity with oral hydration and < 2 mm slice thickness or increment.
Energy- and charge-state-resolved spectrometry of tin laser-produced plasma using a retarding field energy analyzer
Authors: Poirier L. , Lassise A. , Mostafa Y. , Behnke L. , Braaksma N. , Assink L. , Hoekstra R. , Versolato O. O.
Published: June 2022

We present a method to obtain the individual charge-state-dependent kinetic-energy distributions of tin ions emanating from a laser-produced plasma from their joint overlapping energy distributions measured by means of a retarding field energy analyzer (RFA). The method of extracting charge state specific parameters from the ion signals is described mathematically, and reinforced with experimental results. The absolute charge-state-resolved ion energy distributions is obtained from ns-pulse Nd:YAG-laser-produced microdroplet tin plasmas in a setting relevant for state-of-the-art extreme ultraviolet nanolithography.
Locally refined quad meshing for linear elasticity problems based on convolutional neural networks
Authors: Chan Chiu Ling , Scholz Felix , Takacs Thomas
Published: June 2022

In this paper we propose a method to generate suitably refined finite element meshes using neural networks. As a model problem we consider a linear elasticity problem on a planar domain (possibly with holes) having a polygonal boundary. We impose boundary conditions by fixing the position of a part of the boundary and applying a force on another part of the boundary. The resulting displacement and distribution of stresses depend on the geometry of the domain and on the boundary conditions. When applying a standard Galerkin discretization using quadrilateral finite elements, one usually has to perform adaptive refinement to properly resolve maxima of the stress distribution. Such an adaptive scheme requires a local error estimator and a corresponding local refinement strategy. The overall costs of such a strategy are high. We propose to reduce the costs of obtaining a suitable discretization by training a neural network whose evaluation replaces this adaptive refinement procedure. We set up a single network for a large class of possible domains and boundary conditions and not on a single domain of interest. The computational domain and boundary conditions are interpreted as images, which are suitable inputs for convolution neural networks. In our approach we use the U-net architecture and we devise training strategies by dividing the possible inputs into different categories based on their overall geometric complexity. Thus, we compare different training strategies based on varying geometric complexity. One of the advantages of the proposed approach is the interpretation of input and output as images, which do not depend on the underlying discretization scheme. Another is the generalizability and geometric flexibility. The network can be applied to previously unseen geometries, even with different topology and level of detail. Thus, training can easily be extended to other classes of geometries.
Extended high-frequency audiometry: hearing thresholds in adults
Authors: Škerková Michaela , Kovalová Martina , Rychlý Tomáš , Tomášková Hana , Šlachtová Hana , Čada Zdeněk , Maďar Rastislav , Mrázková Eva
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to determine hearing thresholds in an otologically normal population without occupational noise exposure aged 18 to 64 years using extended high-frequency audiometry (EHFA).

Methods

Individuals from the general population who have never had hearing problems and whose job was not associated with noise exposure were included in the study and classified by age into 5 categories: 18–24 and, further, by 10 years of age. Each of these groups was further divided according to gender. All subjects underwent tympanometry, conventional pure-tone audiometry within the 0.125–8 kHz range, and extended high-frequency audiometry within the 9–16 kHz range, performed according to the standards. The significance level for statistical testing was set at 5%.

Results

Here, we established hearing thresholds in an otologically healthy population within the extended high-frequency (EHF) range (9–16 kHz). We found the EHFA to be a highly sensitive method for early detection of hearing loss, with hearing thresholds decreasing as soon as 35 years of age. In males, the hearing thresholds grew with age more rapidly than in women. The ability to respond at EHF gradually decreased with age and increasing frequency.

Conclusion

Our results can help improve the knowledge of EHF hearing thresholds for individual sexes and age groups. So far, the standard 7029:2017 is not binding and, moreover, it only reaches up to the frequency of 12.5 kHz. EHFA is a highly sensitive method for the evaluation of hearing loss depending on age and sex.
Early prevention and risk factors analysis of portal vein system thrombosis after laparoscopic splenectomy and pericardial devascularization
Authors: Li Yongning , Fu Xueqin , Li Ying , Liu Peng , Liu Songbai , Pan Yaozhen
Published: June 2022

Background

Portal vein system thrombosis (PVST) is a common postoperative complication brought by laparoscopic splenectomy and pericardial disconnection (LSD) among patients who suffered from portal hypertension and hypersplenism. This research lies mainly in probing into the risk factors of PVST and evaluating the effects of warfarin on PVST prevention.

Materials and methods

We took 131 individuals who have carried out LSD from January 2015 to January 2021. Patients were divided into warfarin group (n = 68) and aspirin group (n = 63). Meanwhile, thrombosis factors were analyzed in PVST arm (n = 48) and non-PVST arm (n = 83).

Results

We analyzed the early postoperative anticoagulation effect, 20 patients (29.4%) in the warfarin group developed PVST, and 28 patients (44.4%) in the aspirin group. The chance to PVST during the first year after operation was lower in the warfarin group than in the aspirin group (F = 13.43, P = 0.006). Risk factors for PVST were analyzed, and diabetes, the diameter of the portal vein and splenic vein, and the velocity of portal blood flow were statistically significant between the PVST arm and non-PVST arm (P <  < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analyses have shown that diabetes, portal vein diameter, splenic vein diameter, and the velocity of portal blood flow were the risk factors of PVST.

Conclusions

The portal vein diameter, splenic vein diameter, portal vein flow velocity, and diabetes are risk factors for the PVST after LSD. The prophylactic use of warfarin anticoagulation markedly decreases the probability of occurrence of the PVST in patients with portal hypertension after LSD compared to aspirin.

Graphical abstract
Quantifying risks avoided by limiting global warming to 1.5 or 2 °C above pre-industrial levels
Authors: Warren Rachel , Andrews Oliver , Brown Sally , Colón-González Felipe J. , Forstenhäusler Nicole , Gernaat David E. H. J. , Goodwin P. , Harris Ian , He Yi , Hope Chris , Manful Desmond , Osborn Timothy J. , Price Jeff , Van Vuuren Detlef , Wright Rebecca Mary
Published: June 2022

The Paris Agreement aims to constrain global warming to ‘well below 2 °C’ and to ‘pursue efforts’ to limit it to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels. We quantify global and regional risk-related metrics associated with these levels of warming that capture climate change–related changes in exposure to water scarcity and heat stress, vector-borne disease, coastal and fluvial flooding and projected impacts on agriculture and the economy, allowing for uncertainties in regional climate projection. Risk-related metrics associated with 2 °C warming, depending on sector, are reduced by 10–44% globally if warming is further reduced to 1.5 °C. Comparing with a baseline in which warming of 3.66 °C occurs by 2100, constraining warming to 1.5 °C reduces these risk indicators globally by 32–85%, and constraining warming to 2 °C reduces them by 26–74%. In percentage terms, avoided risk is highest for fluvial flooding, drought, and heat stress, but in absolute terms risk reduction is greatest for drought. Although water stress decreases in some regions, it is often accompanied by additional exposure to flooding. The magnitude of the percentage of damage avoided is similar to that calculated for avoided global economic risk associated with these same climate change scenarios. We also identify West Africa, India and North America as hotspots of climate change risk in the future.
A fast ligament model with scalable accuracy for multibody simulations
Authors: Nardini Fabrizio , Sancisi Nicola , Parenti-Castelli Vincenzo
Published: June 2022

Multibody musculoskeletal models are important tools to perform kinematic, kinetostatic, and dynamic analyses of the whole human body. In these models, bones are regarded as rigid bodies, while different strategies are used to model structures such as muscles and ligaments. In this context, ligaments are often represented using a finite set of spring-like elements to compute the wrench applied to the bones (multibundle model). While this model is fast and easy to be implemented, it can suffer from inaccuracies due to the limited number of fibers and their positioning. In this study, a ligament model is proposed to overcome these limitations, representing the ligament as an infinite distribution of fibers from which the wrench on the bones can be obtained. The model takes advantage of thin-plate spline mapping to model the fiber structure of the ligament by defining a correspondence between the points of the two ligament insertions. The accuracy and the performances of the model are verified on a ligament and compared to the standard multibundle model. Results indicate that the model is faster and more accurate than the multibundle model. Moreover, accuracy can be modified according to the application in order to decrease the computational time.
Highlighting the Undetectable — Fluorescence Molecular Imaging in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: Stibbe Judith A. , Hoogland Petra , Achterberg Friso B. , Holman Derek R. , Sojwal Raoul S. , Burggraaf Jacobus , Vahrmeijer Alexander L. , Nagengast Wouter B. , Rogalla Stephan
Published: June 2022

Flexible high-definition white-light endoscopy is the current gold standard in screening for cancer and its precursor lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. However, miss rates are high, especially in populations at high risk for developing gastrointestinal cancer (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, Lynch syndrome, or Barrett’s esophagus) where lesions tend to be flat and subtle. Fluorescence molecular endoscopy (FME) enables intraluminal visualization of (pre)malignant lesions based on specific biomolecular features rather than morphology by using fluorescently labeled molecular probes that bind to specific molecular targets. This strategy has the potential to serve as a valuable tool for the clinician to improve endoscopic lesion detection and real-time clinical decision-making. This narrative review presents an overview of recent advances in FME, focusing on probe development, techniques, and clinical evidence. Future perspectives will also be addressed, such as the use of FME in patient stratification for targeted therapies and potential alliances with artificial intelligence.

Key Messages

• Fluorescence molecular endoscopy is a relatively new technology that enables safe and real-time endoscopic lesion visualization based on specific molecular features rather than on morphology, thereby adding a layer of information to endoscopy, like in PET-CT imaging.

• Recently the transition from preclinical to clinical studies has been made, with promising results regarding enhancing detection of flat and subtle lesions in the colon and esophagus. However, clinical evidence needs to be strengthened by larger patient studies with stratified study designs.

• In the future fluorescence molecular endoscopy could serve as a valuable tool in clinical workflows to improve detection in high-risk populations like patients with Barrett’s esophagus, Lynch syndrome, and inflammatory bowel syndrome, where flat and subtle lesions tend to be malignant up to five times more often.

• Fluorescence molecular endoscopy has the potential to assess therapy responsiveness in vivo for targeted therapies, thereby playing a role in personalizing medicine.

• To further reduce high miss rates due to human and technical factors, joint application of artificial intelligence and fluorescence molecular endoscopy are likely to generate added value.
Comparison of CT findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia caused by different major variants
Authors: Inui Shohei , Fujikawa Akira , Gonoi Wataru , Kawano Shuichi , Sakurai Keita , Uchida Yuto , Ishida Masanori , Abe Osamu
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To explore the CT findings and pneumonnia progression pattern of the Alpha and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 by comparing them with the pre-existing wild type.

Method

In this retrospective comparative study, a total of 392 patients with COVID-19 were included: 118 patients with wild type (70 men, 56.8 ± 20.7 years), 137 with Alpha variant (93 men, 49.4 ± 17.0 years), and 137 with Delta variant (94 men, 45.4 ± 12.4). Chest CT evaluation included opacities and repairing changes as well as lesion distribution and laterality. Chest CT severity score was also calculated. These parameters were statistically compared across the variants.

Results

Ground glass opacity (GGO) with consolidation and repairing changes were more frequent in the order of Delta variant, Alpha variant, and wild type throughout the disease course. Delta variant showed GGO with consolidation more conspicuously than did the other two on days 1–4 (vs. wild type, Bonferroni corrected p = 0.01; vs. Alpha variant, Bonferroni corrected p = 0.003) and days 5–8 (vs. wild type, Bonferroni corrected p < 0.001; vs. Alpha variant, Bonferroni corrected-p = 0.003). Total lung CT severity scores of Delta variant were higher than those of wild type on days 1–4 and 5–8 (Bonferroni corrected p = 0.01 and Bonferroni corrected p = 0.005, respectively) and that of Alpha variant on days 1–4 (Bonferroni corrected p = 0.002). There was no difference in the CT findings between wild type and Alpha variant.

Conclusions

Pneumonia progression of Delta variant may be more rapid and severe in the early stage than in the other two.
Die Erfindung der Urteilskraft. Eine genealogische Skizze
Authors: Dries Christian
Published: June 2022

Urteilskraft, sprich: das Vermögen zu urteilen, gehört zur Grundausstattung neuzeitlich-moderner Subjektivität. Als philosophische Universalie wird sie – abseits ihrer herrschaftskritischen Herausforderung durch Bourdieu – auch in den Sozialwissenschaften bis heute kaum in Frage gestellt. Der vorliegende Aufsatz erhellt die Geschichte ihrer ‚Erfindung‘ im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert aus einer von Nietzsche und Foucault inspirierten genealogischen Perspektive. Auf diese Weise lässt sich Urteilskraft als Effekt materiell-diskursiver Praktiken in den Laboratorien der Urteilskraft – Königshof, Salon und bürgerliche Sozietät – rekonstruieren.
A Cancer Education Framework for Australian Medical Schools: an Announcement of a New Educational Program
Authors: Starmer Darren L. , Russell Kylie , Juliff Dianne
Published: June 2022

This framework draws upon national and international cancer curricula to identify the essential cancer-related learning outcomes for Australian medical students. The framework incorporates feedback from medical, radiation and surgical oncologists, haematologists, and palliative care physicians on what medical graduates need to know about cancer. The consensus view was that medical students require a basic understanding of the principles of cancer management and the opportunity to see cancer patients in a cancer service unit. The framework assumes that certain knowledge, skills, and attitudes are already embedded in current Australian medical school curricula, presenting instead only the core cancer content in order to provide a clear and concise framework designed to maximise integration within existing curricula.
Wetland landscape pattern evolution and prediction in the Yellow River Delta
Authors: Zhou Ke
Published: June 2022

Starting from the overall pattern of wetland evolution in the Yellow River Delta, the combination of CA–Markov model and MLP model is studied. Based on the low-medium resolution Landsat data and the field survey data, the evolution trend of wetland landscape pattern in the Yellow River Delta is simulated and predicted by using the proposed models. Taking high resolution (2 m) data in 2016 as the precision verification, the model simulation results are validated. The results show that the area of natural wetlands in the Delta was decreased from 2593.63 km2 in 1976 to 1639.60 km2 in 2016, a total area of 954.03 km2wasreduced. According to the model simulation, the natural wetland area in 2026 is predicted to be 1252.7 km2, the constructed wetland area will be 1265.0 km2, and the non-wetland area will be 924.5 km2. The constructed wetland in the Yellow River Delta is increasing and spreading into the sea, but the area of natural wetland has been decreasing. If this trend be developed, the national natural wetland conservation target would not be realized. The results are of great significance to the wetland development planning, management and protection in the Yellow River Delta.
Pre-clinical 2D and 3D toxicity response to a panel of nanomaterials; comparative assessment of NBM-induced liver toxicity
Authors: Tutty Melissa Anne , Vella Gabriele , Prina-Mello Adriele
Published: June 2022

Nanobiomaterials, or NBMs, have been used in medicine and bioimaging for decades, with wide-reaching applications ranging from their uses as carriers of genes and drugs, to acting as sensors and probes. When developing nanomedicine products, it is vitally important to evaluate their safety, ensuring that both biocompatibility and efficacy are achieved so their applications in these areas can be safe and effective. When discussing the safety of nanomedicine in general terms, it is foolish to make generalised statements due to the vast array of different manufactured nanomaterials, formulated from a multitude of different materials, in many shapes and sizes; therefore, NBM pre-clinical screening can be a significant challenge. Outside of their distribution in the various tissues, organs and cells in the body, a key area of interest is the impact of NBMs on the liver. A considerable issue for researchers today is accurately predicting human-specific liver toxicity prior to clinical trials, with hepatotoxicity not only the most cited reasons for withdrawal of approved drugs, but also a primary cause of attrition in pre-launched drug candidates. To date, no simple solution to adequately predict these adverse effects exists prior to entering human experimentation. The limitations of the current pre-clinical toolkit are believed to be one of the main reasons for this, with questions being raised on the relevance of animal models in pre-clinical assessment, and over the ability of conventional, simplified in vitro cell–based assays to adequately assess new drug candidates or NBMs. Common 2D cell cultures are unable to adequately represent the functions of 3D tissues and their complex cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, as well as differences found in diffusion and transport conditions. Therefore, testing NBM toxicity in conventional 2D models may not be an accurate reflection of the actual toxicity these materials impart on the body. One such method of overcoming these issues is the use of 3D cultures, such as cell spheroids, to more accurately assess NBM-tissue interaction. In this study, we introduce a 3D hepatocellular carcinoma model cultured from HepG2 cells to assess both the cytotoxicity and viability observed following treatment with a variety of NBMs, namely a nanostructured lipid carrier (in the specific technical name = LipImage™815), a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) and a panel of polymeric (in the specific technical name = PACA) NBMs. This model is also in compliance with the 3Rs policy of reduction, refinement and replacement in animal experimentation [1], and meets the critical need for more advanced in vitro models for pre-clinical nanotoxicity assessment.

Graphical abstract

Pipeline for the pre-clinical assessment of NBMs in liver spheroid model
Smartphone-based bridge monitoring through vehicle–bridge interaction: analysis and experimental assessment
Authors: Di Matteo Alberto , Fiandaca Dario , Pirrotta Antonina
Published: June 2022

In this study, the results of a vast experimental campaign on the applicability of a smartphone-based technique for bridge monitoring are presented. Specifically, the vehicle–bridge interaction (VBI)-based approach is exploited as a cost-effective means to estimate the natural frequencies of bridges, with the final aim of possibly developing low-cost and diffused infrastructure monitoring system. The analysis is performed using a common hybrid vehicle, fully equipped with classical piezoelectric accelerometers and a smartphone MEMS accelerometer, to record its vertical accelerations while passing over the bridge. In this regard, the experimental campaign is carried out considering the vehicle moving with a constant velocity on a bridge in the city of Palermo (Italy). Appropriate identification procedures are then employed to determine the modal data of the bridge from the recorded accelerations. Further, comparisons with the results of a standard Operational Modal Analysis procedure, using accelerometers directly mounted on the structure, are presented. Experimental VBI-based analyses are performed also considering the effect of several different vehicle velocities. Further, the applicability of smartphone-based sensor data is investigated, exploiting the possibility of using up-to-date smartphone accelerometers for recording the vehicle accelerations. In this regard, comparison between piezoelectric accelerometers and MEMS ones is performed to assess the reliability of these sensors for the determination of bridge modal properties.
Increased incidence rates of positive blood cultures shortly after chemotherapy compared to radiotherapy among individuals treated for solid malignant tumours
Authors: Roen Ashley , Terrones Cynthia , Bannister Wendy , Helleberg Marie , Andersen Michael Asger , Niemann Carsten Utoft , Daugaard Gedske , Specht Lena , Mocroft Amanda , Reekie Joanne , Lundgren Jens
Published: June 2022

Background

Cancer treatments suppress immune function and are associated with increased risk of infections, but the overall burden of serious infectious diseases in treated patients has not been clearly elucidated.

Methods

All patients treated for solid malignant tumours with radiotherapy (RT) and/or standard first-line chemotherapy (C) at the Department of Oncology at Rigshospitalet between 01/1/2010 and 31/12/2016 were included. Patients were followed from treatment initiation until the first of new cancer treatment, 1 year after treatment initiation, end of follow-up or death. Incidence rates (IR) of positive blood culture (PBC) per 1000 person-years follow-up (PYFU) were calculated.

Findings

12,433 individuals were included, 3582 (29%), 6349 (51%), and 2502 (20%) treated with RT, C, or both RT & C, respectively, contributing 8182 PYFU. 429 (3%) individuals experienced 502 unique episodes of PBC, incidence rate (95% CI) 52.43 (47.7, 57.6) per 1000 PYFU. The 30-day mortality rate after PBC was 24% independent of treatment modality. Adjusted incidence rate ratios in the first 3 months (95% CI) after PBC significantly varied by treatment: 2.89 (1.83, 4.55) and 2.52 (1.53, 4.14) for C and RT & C compared to RT. Escherichia coli (n = 127, 25%) was the top microorganism identified.

Interpretation

PBCs are not common, but when they occur, mortality is high.