bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AGROFORESTRI TRADISIONAL “DUSUNG” SEBAGAI SOLUSI KELOLA HUTAN PULAU KECIL DI MALUKU (KASUS PULAU AMBON)
Authors: Silaya Thomas Melianus , Latupapua Lesly
Published: November 2024

Pulau Ambon sebagai pulau kecil memiliki karakteristik dan tingkat kerentanan yang tinggi terhadap berbagai pengaruh ekologis dibandingkan dengan pulau besar, untuk itu dibutuhkan suatu pola pengelolaan lahan  yang tepat. Agroforesrty tradisional (dusung) dapat menjadi solusi dalam pengelolaan lahan/ hutan pada pulau-pulau kecil di Maluku. Penelitian ini bertujuan  mengkaji dan menjelaskan  pengelolaan dusung dari aspek ekologi, ekonomi dan sosial-budaya terkait dengan pengelolaan hutan pada pulau-pulau  kecil  di Maluku. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah  metode deskriptif, dan penentuan lokasi penelitian berdasarkan metode  purposive sampling. Sedangkan analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa struktur dan komposisi vegetasi dusung di Pulau Ambon  terdiri atas tingkat pohon, tiang, sapihan dan semai, dengan jenis vegetasi yang memiliki  nilai Indeks Nilai Penting (INP) tertinggi adalah Eugenia aromatica, Durio zibethinus, Myristica fragrans, Bouea macrophylla, dan Gmelina molucanna.  Pola   pengelolaan dusung dapat menjadi solusi kelola hutan pada pulau-pulau kecil seperti di Pulau Ambon dan pulau-pulau lainnya di Maluku, karena  secara ekologis kondisi vegetasi dusung hampir sama dengan kondisi vegetasi hutan primer.  Sedangkan secara ekonomi,   pola  pengelolaan  dusung  memberikan  kontribusi pendapatan  keluarga bagi petani pemilik dusung yang cukup besar (71,75%), dan secara sosial budaya pola dusung telah dipraktekan oleh masyarakat di Maluku dengan penerapan berbagai nilai-nilai kearifan lokal seperti sasi, kewang dan masohi.
IDENTIFIKASI DAN KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGI POLEN PAKAN KUPU-KUPU (IMAGO) DI JALUR WISATA GOA SAMPE MARTA KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Saud Oshlifin Rucmana , Harmonis Harmonis , Saud Oshferlia Rucmana , Kusuma Fitria Dewi , Utami Widia Sri
Published: November 2024

ampe Marta Cave Tourism is located in Kutai National Park, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan, and is one of the natural tourism areas with high biodiversity. The tourist route in this area offers natural beauty and a habitat that supports the lives of various butterfly species. This study aims to identify plants that are food sources (nectar) and non-nectar, types of butterflies, and the characteristics of pollen from each food plant. This study uses the transect method, namely taking samples of flowers and butterflies along the route, and the acetolysis method to see the morphological characteristics of pollen. The results of the study showed that there were 19 species from 11 families of nectar-eating plants identified as being utilized by butterflies (imago) as a source of nectar, where Ageratum conyzoides (Asteraceae), Asystasia gangetica (Family Acanthaceae), Leea indica (Family Vitaceae) were the dominant species that were often visited. In contrast, non-nectar feed such as minerals, rotten fruit, and animal feces, where out of 14 butterfly species identified, 11 dominant species sucked minerals on the banks of rivers or mud puddles, two species visited rotten fruit, and one species was seen in animal feces. Nectar feed has the characteristics of large and round-elongated pollen, which is more efficient for sticking to the insect's body. In contrast, the round-elongated oblate shape in Oxalis barrelieri shows strategic differences in the transfer of varying pollen norms, such as echinate and scabrate. The results of this study can be a reference for butterfly researchers to provide an overview of the diversity of nectar-producing plant feed along with its morphological characteristics and non-nectar feed utilized by butterflies on the Sampe Marta Cave tourist route
IDENTIFIKASI PERUBAHAN KERAPATAN VEGETASI DI KAWASAN HUTAN DENGAN TUJUAN KHUSUS UNIVERSITAS LAMBUNG MANGKURAT
Authors: Sitinjak Petrus , Asy'ari Mufidah , Udiansyah Udiansyah
Published: November 2024

The Forest Area with a Special Purpose of Lambung Mangkurat University has an area of approximately 2000 Ha, divided into 2 areas, namely Bukit Babaris and Bukit Waringin. Identification of changes in land cover and vegetation density has never been carried out, especially in the Babaris mountain area (1,617 hectares). This study aims to compare the results of the accuracy of the Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) method with the Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI) method in identifying vegetation density from 2018 to 2022. The results of the accuracy test for the vegetation density method using the confusion matrix show that the Overall Accuracy value of the MLC method is low lower, namely 92.5%, and the NDVI method 93.75%. It can be concluded that the NDVI method is more sensitive in detecting vegetation than the MLC method. Factors that affect the inaccuracy of the MLC method depend on the accuracy and the number of class class training samples taken. Based on the results of the interpretation of density changes from the two methods, from 2018 to 2022 the area of vegetation classes tends to increase and looks fluctuating. The area of change in vegetation density in the MLC method of the non-vegetation classification class is relatively stable at over 9 ha/year, although the classification class rarely dominates over the year. Changes in the density of non-vegetation class vegetation in the NDVI method tend to decrease significantly in 2020 and 2021. Based on the two most accurate methods obtained by the NDVI method, that there is an increase in vegetation density in the KHDTK ULM area of the Babaris hill.
IDENTIFIKASI KERUSAKAN VEGETASI HUTAN MANGROVE DI DESA SUNGAI BAKAU KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Susilawati Susilawati , Asy'ari Mufidah , Pujawati Eny Dwi , Salsabila Shania
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to identify the type of damage to mangrove forest vegetation in Sungai Bakau Village. The object of this research is Mangrove forest vegetation in Sungai Bakau Village. Primary data is obtained through field observations by observing each individual mangrove forest vegetation at the pole and tree level in the observation plot. The primary data is then processed and described each type of damage. The results obtained from research on the identification of mangrove forest vegetation health are the types of damage found in this study in the form of fungal fruiting bodies, open wounds, gumosis, broken stems / roots, brooms on roots, stems or branches, loss of shoots or dead shoots, broken or dead, damage to leaves or shoots and discoloration of leaves.
HUBUNGAN PERUBAHAN KESEHATAN HUTAN DENGAN PENDAPATAN PETANI (STUDI KASUS HUTAN RAKYAT DI DESA KUBU BATU)
Authors: Safe’i Rahmat , Yuwono Slamet Budi , Winarno Gunardi Djoko , Asmarahman Ceng , Darmawan Arief , Hidayat Wahyu , Gunawan Rhezandy , Fajri Ahmad Khairil
Published: November 2024

A healthy community forest can provide optimal benefits for the environment and the economy, particularly in increasing farmers' income. This study aims to analyze changes in community forest health and its relationship to farmers' income in Kubu Batu Village, Way Khilau District, Pesawaran Regency. The Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method was used to assess forest health, while quantitative analysis was employed to calculate farmers' income. Data were collected through interviews and ecological assessments in the field. The results showed a significant decline in forest health conditions from 2020 to 2024, with the average health score decreasing from 7.35 to 4.68. Additionally, a positive correlation was found between forest health and farmers' income, where better forest conditions resulted in higher income for farmers. However, the strength of this relationship slightly weakened in 2024. The decline in forest health was largely due to forest fires, which affected biodiversity and land productivity. Therefore, restoration efforts and better forest management are necessary to maintain productivity and improve the welfare of community forest farmers.Hutan rakyat yang sehat dapat memberikan manfaat optimal bagi lingkungan dan perekonomian masyarakat, terutama dalam meningkatkan pendapatan petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan kondisi kesehatan hutan rakyat dan hubungannya dengan pendapatan petani di Desa Kubu Batu, Kecamatan Way Khilau, Kabupaten Pesawaran. Metode yang digunakan adalah Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) untuk menilai kondisi kesehatan hutan serta analisis kuantitatif untuk menghitung pendapatan petani. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan penilaian ekologi di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan signifikan dalam kondisi kesehatan hutan dari tahun 2020 ke 2024, dengan rata-rata nilai kesehatan menurun dari 7,35 menjadi 4,68. Selain itu, terdapat hubungan positif antara kondisi kesehatan hutan dan pendapatan petani, di mana semakin baik kondisi hutan, semakin tinggi pula pendapatan yang diperoleh petani. Namun, kekuatan hubungan ini sedikit melemah pada tahun 2024. Penurunan kesehatan hutan sebagian besar disebabkan oleh kebakaran hutan, yang berdampak pada biodiversitas dan produktivitas lahan. Oleh karena itu, upaya pemulihan dan pengelolaan hutan yang lebih baik diperlukan untuk menjaga produktivitas dan kesejahteraan petani hutan rakyat.
GENDER DALAM PENGUATAN EKONOMI KELUARGA PADA BIDANG KERAJINAN ANYAMAN PURUN
Authors: Maulina Devy Rizka , Pitri Rina Muhayah Noor , Fithria Abdi
Published: November 2024

Kemiskinan menyebabkan masyarakat rela berkorban demi bertahan hidup. Salah satu modal dasar untuk pengentasan kemiskinan adalah peran perempuan. Perempuan memiliki sumber pendapatan sendiri dengan kegigihan, kesungguhan dan keuletan untuk terlepas dari kemiskinan dan memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis peran perempuan dan laki-laki dalam kegiatan rumah tangga dan dalam kegiatan pengelolaan kerajinan anyaman purun serta kontribusi pengelolaan kerajinan anyaman purun terhadap penguatan ekonomi keluarga. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling dan responden yang diwawancarai sebanyak 30 kk yang pengrajin purun. Peran perempuan dalam kegiatan rumah tangga menunjukkan bahwa kontribusi perempuan sebesar perempuan berperan cukup aktif sebesar 4%, aktif 23% dan sangat aktif 73%. Sedangkan kontribusi laki-laki dalam kegiatan rumah tangga berperan kurang aktif sebesar 67%, tidak aktif 33%. Peran perempuan dalam kegiatan pengelolaan kerajinan anyaman purun diketahui sebesar 3% nya cukup aktif, 30% aktif dan 67% sangat aktif. Sementara, laki-laki dalam kegiatan pengelolaan kerajinan anyaman purun sebesar 7% kurang aktif dan 93% tidak aktif. Kontribusi pengelolaan kerajinan anyaman purun terhadap penguatan ekonomi keluarga yaitu sebesar 34% atau senilai Rp. 346.667,00 per bulan.
KEANEKARAGAMAN VEGETASI PADA SISTEM AGROFORESTRI DUKUH DI DESA BIIH KABUPATEN BANJAR KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Davita Almira , Kissinger Kissinger , Syam'ani Syam'ani
Published: November 2024

In order to support the development and management of agroforestry in the hamlet, it is necessary to understand the ecological conditions and vegetation structure through this research. The objective of this study is to analyze the dominance, species diversity, and evenness of vegetation in the agroforestry system of the hamlet in Biih Village. Data collection was conducted using vegetation analysis techniques with a combination of transect and plot methods, employing purposive sampling along transects in agroforestry areas located behind or adjacent to residential areas. Vegetation data were analyzed using the Importance Value Index, Species Diversity Index, and Species Evenness Index. The research findings reveal that the plant species composition in the agroforestry system of the hamlet consists of 27 species from 19 families, with a total of 671 individuals. The dominant species include Teratat, Porang, Pepper, and Lombok at the understory level, Rubber, Coffee, and Jengkol at the seedling stage, Rubber, Langsat, and Cempedak at the pole stage, Langsat, Rubber, Sungkai, and Gamal at the pole stage, and Durian, Cempedak, Rubber, and Langsat at the tree stage. The species diversity and evenness at all growth stages are classified as moderate, indicating a relatively stable ecosystem, with high evenness or nearly equal distribution.Guna mendukung pengembangan dan pengelolaan agroforestri dukuh perlu diketahui kondisi ekologi dan struktur vegetasi melalui penelitian ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dominansi, keanekaragaman dan kemerataan jenis vegetasi agroforestri dukuh di Desa Biih. Pengambilan data menggunakan teknik analisis vegetasi dengan metode kombinasi jalur berpetak dengan penempatan jalur secara purposive sampling dan lahan agroforestri dukuh yang menjadi objek penelitian dibelakang atau berdekatan dengan kawasan pemukiman. Data vegetasi dianalisis menggunakan Indeks Nilai Penting, Indeks Keanekaragaman Jenis dan Indeks Kemerataan Jenis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komposisi jenis tumbuhan yang ditemukan pada kawasan agroforestri dukuh terdiri dari 27 jenis, 19 famili dan 671 individu yang didominasi oleh jenis teratat, porang, lada dan Lombok pada tumbuhan bawah, jenis karet, kopi dan jengkol pada tingkat semai, jenis karet, langsat dan cempedak pada tingkat pancang, jenis langsat, karet, sungkai dan gamal pada tingkat tiang dan jenis durian, cempedak, karet dan langsat pada tingkat pohon. Indeks keanekaragaman dan kemerataan pada semua tingkat pertumbuhan tergolong kedalam tingkat keanekaragaman jenis sedang atau ekosistem yang stabil dengan kemerataan tergolong tinggi atau hampir merata penyebarannya.
DOMINANSI DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS JAMUR MAKROSKOPIS BERDASARKAN TUBUH BUAH DI KAWASAN HUTAN DENGAN TUJUAN KHUSUS (KHDTK) KINTAP KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Oktaviani Fajar Nor , Yamani Ahmad , Pujawati Eny Dwi
Published: November 2024

Jamur menarik untuk dipelajari karena bisa memberikan berbagai manfaat untuk manusia. Beberapa jamur bisa dimakan atau digunakan sebagai bahan obat, tetapi ada juga yang beracun. Keanekaragaman spesies jamur makroskopis di KHDTK Kintap sangat beragam karena variasi ekosistem di hutan tropis akibat perbedaan kondisi geografis dimana sebagian besar spesies jamur makroskopis di Kawasan tersebut belum teridentifikasi. Tujuan dari penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis jamur makroskopis, menganalisis Indeks Nilai Keanekaragaman jenis jamur makroskopis, dan menganalisis nilai dominansi jenis jamur makroskopis di KHDTK Kintap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jamur makroskopis yang terdapat di KHDTK Kintap sebanyak 17 jenis. Keanekaragaman jenis jamur makroskopis di KHDTK Kintap tergolong sedang dengan nilai indeks keanekaragaman 2,106, serta jamur makroskopis yang mendominansi diantaranya jenis Ganoderma lucidium 5,41%, Marasmius siccus 7,21%, Trametes sp. 15,32%, Microporus xanthopus 19,82%, Hexagona tenuis 28,83%, dan Ramaria stricta 10,81%.
Estimation of Acting Factor in Stress from Motorbike Sounds
Authors: Pareniuk Anastasiia Volodymyrivna , Pareniuk Dmytro Volodymyrovych
Published: November 2024

In the presented study, the search for the acting force in stressor acoustic signal and common everyday acoustic signal is presented. As stressors the signals of acoustic siren of air raid alert and other dangers in the different counties were used, and as everyday signals the sound of motorbikes passing by observers were used. In total five different signals of alert sirens were used.  Numerical values presented in research were obtained via frequency analysis with Hann’s window and later – via spectrogram survey. This survey allowed us to find the presence of a steady frequency components in the observed signals, and, most importantly, the presence of rises and falls in said components. These changes in frequency had their speed of change calculated for sirens and motorbikes. For the rise of frequency mean speed in the siren group was calculated as 164 Hz/second, fall was 80 Hz/second. For the motorbike, the speed of frequency rise had a mean value calculated as 166 Hz/second and fall of frequency was estimated as 67 Hz/second. Possible sources for said effect in motorbike signals are Doppler effect and rise of RPM during acceleration. During the statistical analysis via implementation of the non-parametric method due to the character of data distribution in the studied group the lack of statistically meaningful differences between speeds of frequency rise in frequency components of the signals was found. Said rise is presumed to be the acting factor in stress from everyday sounds.
Investigation of Electrical Signals Transmission through Light-Induced Conductive Channels on the Surface of CdS Single Crystal
Authors: Boikynia Artur O. , Tkachenko Nikita S. , Didenko Yuriy V. , Oliinyk Ostap O. , Tatarchuk Dmitry D.
Published: November 2024

Further development of information technologies hinges on innovations in the electronic components sector, particularly in enhancing electronic communication devices. This involves creating dynamic interconnects—electrically conductive channels that can be configured on-demand within chip circuitry to overcome the "tyranny of interconnects," which limits electronic systems due to the fixed nature of conventional interconnects.
This paper presents experimental verification of transmitting information through photoconductive channels formed on a photosensitive cadmium sulfide (CdS) semiconductor single crystal using optical irradiation. By directing a focused light beam to specific areas of the CdS crystal, localized conductivity is induced, allowing for the dynamic formation of conductive channels. This method's efficacy in real-time signal transmission validates the theoretical framework and suggests new possibilities for semiconductor technology.
The integration of dynamic interconnects could revolutionize communication systems by enhancing device efficiency and processing capabilities. This technology could lead to more complex electronic architectures needed in high-speed computing and advanced telecommunications.
Additionally, this approach has potential applications in optoelectronics, improving device interaction with light. Dynamic interconnects could enhance solar cell efficiency, increase light sensor sensitivity, and aid in developing innovative visual displays.
The ability to control material conductivity through light not only advances existing device performance but also opens doors to new electronic designs and operations. This includes fully reconfigurable circuits that adapt in real-time, self-optimizing network components, and smart sensors that respond to environmental changes.
In summary, this research not only confirms the practicality of using photoconductive channels for information transmission but also emphasizes the significant implications for electronic and communication system advancements. As this technology evolves, it promises to significantly impact the design and functionality of future electronic devices, paving the way for more adaptable and powerful systems.
Deep Learning for the Detection and Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy Stages
Authors: Basarab Marko Romanovych , Ivanko Kateryna Olehivna
Published: November 2024

The incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a complication of diabetes leading to severe vision impairment and potential blindness, has surged worldwide in recent years. This condition is considered one of the leading causes of vision loss. To improve diagnostic accuracy for DR and reduce the burden on healthcare professionals, artificial intelligence (AI) methods are increasingly implemented in medical institutions. AI-based models, in particular, are integrating more algorithms to enhance the performance of existing neural network architectures that are commercially used for DR detection. However, these neural network models still exhibit limitations, such as the need for high computational power and lower accuracy in detecting early DR stages. To overcome these challenges, developing more advanced machine learning models for precise DR detection and classification of DR stages is essential, as it would aid ophthalmologists in making accurate diagnoses.
This article reviews current research on the use of deep learning in diagnosing and classifying DR and related diseases, as well as the challenges ophthalmologists face in detecting this condition and potential solutions for early-stage DR detection. This review provides information on modern approaches to DR detection using deep learning applications and discusses the issues and limitations in this area.
Monitoring for analytes through LoRa and LoRaWAN technology
Authors: Niles Kendall , Ray Jason , Niles Kenneth , Maxwell Andrew , Netchaev Anton
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this research is to investigate the use of a communication network utilizing Long Range (LoRa) low-power wide-area network protocol for the telemetry of detected target chemicals. The sensor platform under development allows traditional electrochemical techniques to be executed with a low Size, Weight, and Power (low SWaP) system that is deployable using an autonomous or remote-controlled vehicle. Once in the field, the sensors communicate target chemical concentrations to a centralized gateway through LoRa to an Internet of Things (IoT) network. Researchers are currently deploying the prototype network for field testing of each node's sensing, meshing, and communication capabilities throughout all weather climates. Developing a robust and dynamic sensor network to monitor the environment and provide a live data feed to detect chemicals of interest in the environment eliminates the need for direct human interaction. The low power consumption of LoRa allows the network nodes to be deployed for an extended amount of time on a single battery supply.
WITHDRAWN: Epitope-based Vaccine Design for California Encephalitis Virus(Cev) : a Computational Study Targeting Membrane Glycoproteins
Authors: Surendra Grandhi , Nelluri Kanaka Durga Devi , Male* CH K V L S N Anjana , Kamepalli Sahithi , Sharma Ashish Kumar , Nathiya Deepak , Singh Ravindra Pal , Alaparthi Bhavana , Kommoju Minakshi
Published: November 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn, as it was submitted in error. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Minimization of complete awaiting duration of wood logs in pulping of paper on multi-stage flow shop scheduling including transportation time and task block
Authors: Sharma Malvika , Gupta Deepak
Published: November 2024

The paper demonstrates different sizes of wood logs are working on multistage flow shop scheduling problem in which stations are placed far away from each other, so transportation period is being associated between every two stations and due to a demand, the task block is used in the problem. The goal is to obtain the optimal sequence to minimize complete awaiting duration of pulping of paper on m stations. Thus, algorithm is supported with a numerical.
Identification of candidate genes associated with resistance to aflatoxin production in peanut through genetic mapping and transcriptome analysis
Authors: Huai Dongxin , Huang Li , Xue Xiaomeng , Yu Bolun , Ding Yingbin , Jin Gaorui , Liu Hao , Pandey Manish K. , Sudini Hari Kishan , Luo Huaiyong , Zhou Xiaojing , Liu Nian , Chen Weigang , Yan Liying , Chen Yuning , Wang Xin , Wang Qianqian , Kang Yanping , Wang Zhihui , Chen Xiaoping , Jiang Huifang , Lei Yong , Liao Boshou
Published: November 2024

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a globally significant oil and economic crop, serving as a primary source of edible oil and protein. Aflatoxin contamination is a main risk factor for peanut food safety and industry development worldwide. The most cost-economic and effective control strategy entails the exploration and utilization of natural resistance in peanut, alongside the development of resistant varieties. However, the underlying mechanism of resistance to aflatoxin production (AP) in peanuts remains elusive. In this study, a RIL population derived from a cross between Zhonghua 10 (susceptible) and ICG 12625 (resistant), was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for AP resistance. Overall, seven QTLs associated with AP resistance were mapped on five chromosomes, explaining 6.83%~17.86% of phenotypic variance (PVE). Notably, only two major QTLs, namely qAftA07and qAftB06.2, were consistently detected across different environments with 6.83%~16.52% PVE. To predict the candidate genes for AP resistance in qAftA07and qAftB06.2, the transcriptome analysis of seeds from parental lines inoculated with Aspergillus flavus were conducted. A total of 175 and 238 candidate genes were respectively identified in qAftA07 and qAftB06.2, encompassing genes with non-synonymous genomic variations as well as differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Combined with the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), 10 and 11 genes in qAftA07 and qAftB06.2 were characterized showing a high correlation with aflatoxin content, thereby representing the most promising candidate genes within these two QTLs. These results provide valuable insights for future map-based cloning studies targeting candidate genes associated with AP resistance in peanut.
Stakeholder Perspectives of Maternal and Newborn Health Prioritization in South Sudan
Authors: Alier Kon Paul , Kozuki Naoko , Mothupi Mamothena
Published: November 2024

Background
The maternal and neonatal mortality in South Sudan is among the highest in the world and among other fragile and conflict-affected countries. Within an evolving political economic context, this study aims to capture perspectives of current actors on drivers of the stagnating investments in maternal and newborn health (MNH).
Methods
A descriptive case study guided by the health policy analysis triangle to explore contextual factors, policy content, actors’ roles and implementation processes for MNH policy and practice. A total of 20 key informants from government, humanitarian and development organizations, civil society, donors and health providers were interviewed.
Results
According to respondents, MNH was a priority in South Sudan due to the presence of various legal and policy frameworks. However, financial investment in MNH programs was inadequate due to the government focus on peace and stabilization, and the fragmented parallel systems run by international actors. Funding for MNH was also affected by ongoing conflicts and disease outbreaks, which diverted attention away from the issue. National initiatives to expand service coverage and funding are either inadequate or not well studied. In addition, gendered attitudes and norms continue to impede care seeking, service provision and inclusivity in decision-making for improving MNH prioritization. Stakeholders highlighted the need for accountability to sustain progress and close policy implementation gaps.
Conclusion
This study highlighted relevant challenges and opportunities for improving MNH outcomes in South Sudan and similar fragile contexts. Government ownership of the MNH agenda is needed, so is strengthening of national initiatives, gender equity, actor coordination and accountability mechanisms.
The immune-related gene CD5 is a prognostic biomarker associated with the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer
Authors: Zhao Yi , Zhang Hengheng , Wang Wenwen , Shen Guoshaung , Wang Miaozhou , Liu Zhen , Zhao Jiuda , Li Jinming
Published: November 2024

The occurrence and progression of breast cancer (BCa) are complex processes involving multiple factors and multiple steps. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in this process, but the functions of immune components and stromal components in the TME require further elucidation. In this study, we obtained the RNA-seq data of 1086 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We calculated the proportions of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) and immune and stromal components using the CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE methods, and we screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Univariate Cox regression analysis of overall survival was performed on the DEGs, and a protein–protein interaction network of their protein products was generated. Finally, the hub gene CD5 was obtained. High CD5 expression was found to be associated with longer survival than low expression. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that DEGs upregulated in the high-CD5 expression group were mainly enriched in tumor- and immune-related pathways, while those upregulated in the low-expression group were enriched in protein export and lipid synthesis. TIC analysis showed that CD5 expression was positively correlated with the infiltration of CD8+ T cells, activated memory CD4+ T cells, gamma delta T cells, and M1 macrophages and negatively correlated with the infiltration of M2 macrophages. CD5 can increase anticancer immune cell infiltration and reduce M2 macrophage infiltration. These results suggest that CD5 is likely a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target, providing novel insights into the treatment and prognostic assessment of BCa.
Revolutionizing Forest Fire and Smoke Detection: A Cutting-Edge Ensemble of Deep Learning Models for Enhanced Accuracy
Authors: Faheem Mohammad , Ranjan Ashish , Singh Vibhav Prakash
Published: November 2024

Forest fires pose a significant environmental threat, necessitating early and accurate detection systems. This paper addresses the problem of forest fire and smoke detection using an ensemble of deep learning models. Three advanced convo-lutional neural network architectures—DenseNet, ResNet, and Xception—were employed and combined using a majority voting scheme to enhance detection accuracy. Two datasets were utilized: one containing only fire images and another comprising both fire and smoke images. The ensemble model consistently performed better than individual models, with accuracy on the fire and fire and smoke datasets of 0.99 and 0.984, respectively. The findings show that the ensemble method offers a robust and dependable option for early forest fire detection by significantly enhancing detection performance.
Factors Associated with Delayed Referrals of Patients with Sepsis from Primary to Tertiary Healthcare in Blantyre, Malawi: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kaimba Sylvester , umar Eric
Published: November 2024

Background
Sepsis is a significant global health problem, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that requires prompt identification and early definitive medical intervention. Globally, sepsis is common, with estimated 31.5 million cases per year. Sepsis accounts for a significant in-hospital mortality rate of 17% in high-income countries while in Malawi, it ranges from 17–50%. For Malawi, the trend can be reversed with improvements in patient referral system within the healthcare system. The study set out to establish the referral pathway of patients with sepsis from primary healthcare to tertiary hospitals and to understand healthcare workers and patients’ perspectives on barriers associated with delayed referral of patients with sepsis from primary to tertiary healthcare.
Methods
A qualitative descriptive study in six health centres within Blantyre District health office included 22 face-to-face semi-structured interviews with purposively selected patients recovering from sepsis and with healthcare workers.
Results
The study revealed that the main referral pathways for patients with sepsis include community-to-facility and facility-to-facility referrals. Ambulances and personal transport are common transportation mode used during referrals. Primary care facilities face several challenges that delay referrals from primary to tertiary health facility of patients with sepsis, such as lack of referral transport, poor communication, poor road network, shortage of skilled healthcare workers, patient preferences, delayed treatment-seeking action, and ambulances prioritising maternal conditions.
Conclusions
Patients’ delay and failure to access prompt and timely referral services result from the healthcare system’s lack of transport, communication problems, bad road networks and shortage of well-trained personnel. Referral delays have deleterious effects on patient-care outcomes.
A non-sense mutation in the Tripartite motif containing 8 (TRIM8 ) gene, mimicking collagenopathy
Authors: Rahman Rehna K , T Harisankar , Mohanlal Smilu , Pachat Divya , Kuruvilla Shalini , Sharma Shephali
Published: November 2024

Tripartite motif-containing 8 (TRIM8) gene mutations are associated with autosomal dominantly inherited neurorenal syndrome. The kidney manifestations range from nephrotic range proteinuria to nephrotic syndrome and kidney failure. The kidney histopathology was focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in all the reported cases. We now report a non-sense mutation in TRIM8 in a 1-year-old boy, mimicking collagenopathy in the kidney biopsy.
What Are the Individual Characteristics or Skills Associated With Baseball Batting Performance? A Scoping Review
Authors: Tremblay Mathieu , Couëpel Bastien , Abboud Jacques , Descarreaux Martin
Published: November 2024

Background
In baseball, batting performance can be measured using game and advanced statistics as well as hitting metrics. To date, the core set of individual characteristics or skills associated to superior batting performance remains to be identified. The aim of this scoping review was to identify and classify the individual characteristics or skills associated with baseball batting performance indicators and describe the methods used to assess these individual characteristics or skills and batting performance indicators.
Methods
A scoping review design was chosen to conduct a systematic literature search. Electronic searches of MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO databases were undertaken from inception to August 2024. Cross-sectional studies that investigated the relationship between batting performance indicators and individual characteristics or skills in male or female baseball batters were selected.
Results
Twenty-two cross-sectional studies investigating potential individual characteristics or skills of baseball batting performance met the inclusion criteria. The primary baseball batting performance indicators were grouped into three categories: game statistics, advanced statistics and hitting metrics. Anthropometric measures (height, weight), physical fitness tests (1-RM bench and squat, grip strength, jumps, medicine ball throws, sprint, trunk flexibility, etc.), visual skills (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, etc.), perceptual skills (anticipation, visual recognition, etc.) and visuomotor skills (eye-hand coordination, reaction time, etc.) were the individual characteristics or skills associated to either game statistics, advanced statistics or hitting metrics.
Conclusions
Based on the studies included in this scoping review, we conclude that greater height, weight, upper-body and lower-body muscle strength, power and speed, oculomotor skills, visual system characteristics, anticipation, and visual recognition as well as visuomotor skills were associated to superior game statistics, advanced statistics or hitting metrics.
Study on Multidimensional Shrinkage Spatial-Temporal Patterns and Driving Forces of Cities in the Yellow River Basin
Authors: Xing Guangrui , Wang Dongfeng , Cai Wanxin
Published: November 2024

With economic globalization and the deepening process of industrialization and urbanization, China's urban development has entered a vital transition stage. As one of the most influential rivers in China, the Yellow River Basin (YRB), with ecological protection and high-quality development as China's national strategy, has not yet received sufficient attention for its urban shrinkage. Accordingly, this study constructs an evaluation index system for the shrinkage of cities in the YRB from four dimensions: population, economy, society and space. The entropy method and analytic hierarchy process are to determine the weights, the shrinkage model, the transfer matrix method and the exploratory spatial data analysis method are used to study the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of 62 cities with data in the YRB. The multivariate linear (ML) regression method and the random forest (RF) regression method are used comparatively to explore the influences that affect the formation of the cities in the YRB in terms of growth and shrinkage, as well as their influencing roles. The research results show that: (1) urban shrinkage in the YRB is characterized by spatial differentiation and shows a trend of drastic and concentrated development, with the shrinkage phenomenon becoming more and more significant; the degree of population shrinkage, economic shrinkage and social shrinkage is dominated by slight or moderate; the degree of space shrinkage and comprehensive shrinkage is dominated by high and heavy. (2) The reduction in the number of shrinking cities indicates a diminishing urban shrinkage across all dimensions, with a progressively increasing impact.(3) RF regression is more accurate than ML regression. An in-depth exploration of the characteristics of urban shrinkage and its development dynamics in the YRB from a multidimensional perspective will help to narrow the imbalance of urban development, promote high-quality development, and provide an essential reference to promote the progress of urban shrinkage research on a regional scale.
Method for Controlling Setting Time and Determining Pouring Critical Time of Fly Ash Geopolymer
Authors: Sun Qingwei , Zhang Zheming
Published: November 2024

This study identified an effective retarder for fly ash geopolymer by examining the influence of various retarders on its setting time, flow properties, and compressive strength. A novel method for determining the critical pouring time of fly ash geopolymer is proposed. The retarders investigated include zinc nitrate powder, barium chloride, sodium pyrophosphate, glycerol, boric acid, borax, citric acid, and sodium gluconate. Both simple and complex retarding agents were prepared. The effects of different retarders on fly ash geopolymers were analyzed using XRD and SEM tests. When the barium chloride content is less than 2%, BaSiO3 precipitates form in the fly ash geopolymer system. These precipitates intermingle with the gel-like products formed after the cement encounters water, preventing their connection. This delays the setting time and loss of flow capacity.
Based on extensive experimental studies, this paper proposes the "needle insertion resistance method" to determine the critical time for fly ash geopolymer placement, allowing for a more accurate assessment of the placement time range. Considering the combined effects of the alkali amount in the activator and the effective retarder amount, the process of measuring the critical time for fly ash geopolymer pouring using the "needle insertion resistance method" was explored. The applicability of this method was analyzed using XRD and TG/DTG.
The Safety and Efficacy of the Seeking Anatomical Conditions for Creating Tunneling Technique with Precise Resection of Lung Segments at Complex Setting
Authors: Cao Kexin , Zhu Jian , Zheng Jianan , Wei Ke , Li Zhihua , Chen Zhijun , Chen Liang , Wu Weibing
Published: November 2024

Background
Thoracoscopic segmentectomy is the main surgical method for the treatment of early lung cancer. With the promotion of technology and increasingly accurate criteria for lung subsegments, lung nodules with complex positions involving intersegmental and multisegments have become technical bottlenecks. This study aimed to verify whether seeking anatomical conditions for creating tunneling technique with precise resection of lung segments could solve this bottleneck problem.
Methods
The clinical data of patients with lung nodules ≤ 2 cm located in the complex position in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital from January 2019 to August 2023 were collected. Date analyzed the characteristics of patients who underwent seeking anatomical conditions for creating tunneling technique with precise resection of lung segments (segment group) at complex setting and compared the surgical outcomes and complications between these lobectomy patients (lobectomy group) at similar locations.
Results
A total of 22 patients were included segment group and 47 patients were included lobectomy group. Patients in segment group received a satisfactory surgical margin. Compared to the lobectomy group, surgical outcomes were better (p < 0.05 for postoperative hospital stay and the number of resected subsegments).
Conclusion
Seeking anatomical conditions for creating tunneling technique is a promising technique for performing precise resection of lung segments with a safe resection margin for patients with lung nodules at complex positions involving multiple segments. It can be used as a precise resection of lung segments technique.
Gender-Specific Effects of Virtual Online Physical Education on Fitness Outcomes in Chinese University Students
Authors: Zhang Aowei
Published: November 2024

Background: This study investigates the gender-specific effects of Virtual Online Physical Education (VPE) on fitness outcomes among Chinese university students. With the increasing adoption of AI and virtual technologies in education, understanding how these innovations impact physical fitness is essential.
Results: 18,247 undergraduate students participated in an 8-month VPE intervention. The findings indicated a significant increase in Body Mass Index (BMI) among students (p < 0.05) and a notable decrease in lung capacity (p < 0.01). Male students exhibited a significant improvement in aerobic capacity (p < 0.05), while female students experienced a decline (p < 0.05). Both genders showed substantial gains in flexibility and explosive strength (p < 0.01), although muscular strength (measured by sit-ups for females and pull-ups for males) slightly decreased (p < 0.05). Notably, females showed greater improvements in flexibility and explosive strength, whereas males excelled in aerobic capacity enhancement.
Conclusions: This study underscores the potential of VPE to significantly enhance flexibility and explosive strength in university students, with important implications for gender-specific training approaches. The limitations observed in BMI management and cardiorespiratory function improvement call for tailored training programs that address these disparities, thereby optimizing fitness outcomes for both genders.
Trends in hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance among nondiabetic US adults, NHANES, 1999-2018
Authors: Wu Chuyue , Ke Yixun , Nianogo Roch
Published: November 2024

Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance (IR) are critical predictors of cardiometabolic diseases, disproportionately affecting various sociodemographic groups in the United States. This study aimed to estimate and analyze trends in the prevalence of hyperinsulinemia and IR among nondiabetic adults from 1999 to 2018, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The study included 17,310 nondiabetic men and nonpregnant women aged 20 years or older. Hyperinsulinemia was defined as fasting serum insulin levels ≥10 U/ml, while IR was measured using the HOMA-IR index (≥2.6, 66.7th percentile). The age-standardized prevalence of hyperinsulinemia increased from 28.2% in 1999-2000 to 41.4% in 2017-2018, while IR prevalence rose from 24.8% to 38.4% during the same period. Higher prevalence rates were consistently observed among males, non-Hispanic Blacks, Hispanics, and individuals with lower education or income levels. Trends indicated increases across all sociodemographic groups during at least some time periods. The findings suggest a growing prevalence of hyperinsulinemia and IR in the U.S., particularly among vulnerable populations, underscoring the importance of targeted public health interventions to address these disparities and reduce the risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
Sanitary Conditions and Associated Factors Among Food and Drinking Establishment in Bule Hora Town, West Guji Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Asefa Lechisa , Gemechu Tibeso , Daba Chala , Kumela Gudeta , Karbana Gedeno , Dhengesu Degefa , Olkeba Beekam Kebede , Roba Habtamu , Lemma Hailu
Published: November 2024

Introduction:Maintaining food safety is mandatory because food is a good medium for the growth of microorganisms. In developing countries, rapid urbanization is accompanied by numerous food and drinking establishments. However, the sanitation status of these establishments and associated factors are not well-known or studied.
Objective: -The main objective of this study is to assess sanitary condition and associated factors among food and drinking establishment in Bule Hora town, west Guji zone, southern Ethiopia
Methods and material: A cross-sectional study design was employed to evaluate the sanitation status of the establishments. Semi-structured questionnaires and observational checklists were utilized as data collection instruments. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with sanitary conditions. Variables with a p-value less than 0.050 were deemed to be statistically significantly related to sanitary conditions. A Hosmer-Lemeshow test was applied to assess the model's fit.
Results: Of the 246 food and beverage establishments, 36.2% were found to have adequate sanitary facilities. Having a license (AOR=3.18, 95%CI, 1.056-7.62), privately owning the building (AOR=5.56, 95%CI, 1.44-9.78), regular inspection by a regulatory body (AOR=3.32, 95%CI, 1.95-11.64), and a trained manager on the sanitation of food and beverage establishments (AOR=1.56, 95%CI, 1.032-3.41) were found to have significant associations with the sanitary facilities of food and beverage establishments.
Result: - of 246 foods and drinking establishment 36.2% have adequate sanitary facility. Having license (AOR=3.18, CI, 1.056-7.62), owner of Building (AOR=5.56, CI, 1.44-9.78), regular inspection by regulatory body (AOR=3.32 CI, 1.95-11.64) and trained for manager on sanitation of food and drinking establishment (AOR=1.56, CI, 1.032-3.41) have significant association with sanitary facility of food and drinking establishment.
Conclusion: Inadequate sanitary facilities were present within food and beverage establishments within Bule Hora town. Adequate sanitation was positively correlated with having a license, private ownership of the building, inspection by a regulatory body, and the training status of the manager. To improve sanitary conditions, it is recommended that regular inspections and training be provided.
Optimizing global rainfed crop production can promote food system climate resilience without additional land or water
Authors: Wang Zhen , Li Cai , Hadjikakou Michalis , Deng Zhongci , Shi Zhihua , Bryan Brett
Published: November 2024

The global food system faces escalating risks to the production of major rainfed agricultural crops such as wheat, maize, rice, and soy due to increasing climate variability and long-term climate change. Here, we used modern portfolio theory to explore Pareto-optimal spatial arrangements of global rainfed cropping that explicitly account for trade-offs between total crop production (i.e., expected returns) and variability (i.e., risk). We analysed production/risk trade-offs under recent historical climate and yields for 2010, as well as under business-as-usual (RCP 6.0) and ambitious mitigation (RCP 2.6) climate futures for 2050. We found that optimizing the spatial distribution of rainfed crops could increase global production by 10.1% at the risk level of 2010, or, alternatively, reduce risk by 33.1% at the production level of 2010, all without additional land or water. Optimal global rainfed cropping patterns could also meet future food demand with enhanced resilience under increased climate variability but only when accompanied by yield gap closure and more open and globalised trade. Future climate adaptation policy for agriculture should consider the potential benefits of improving the coordination of global crop production, promoting global trade cooperation, and the sustainable intensification of agricultural production.