bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CFD modeling of vertical-axis wind turbine wake interaction
Authors: Belabes Belkacem , Paraschivoiu Marius
Published: April 2023

Since wind turbines placed in wind farms need to minimize their footprint on the ground, the effects of the wake must be considered. Placement optimization, turbine spacing, and direction of rotation are known to affect the performance of vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs). However, rigorous numerical modeling methodologies that investigate the influence of these characteristics are lacking, especially in the case of large wind turbines. The goal of this study is to analyze turbine configurations that might enhance the power production of VAWT farms using two-dimensional CFD models based on the Star CCM+ package. The novelty of this work is to analyze wind farm configurations for very large turbines. This is important because large turbines are much more performant than small turbines and have a high power coefficient. Results show that CFD simulations adequately capture the performance of wind turbines in farms with multiple VAWTs. In general, if a second rotor is spaced more than 10 turbine diameters downstream of the first rotor, the effect of the wake is less significant. Furthermore, a specific farm configuration with five VAWTs is investigated and shows a 20% increase in power output compared with the same number of turbines operating in isolation.
Lack of robustness and accuracy of many numerical schemes for phase-field simulations
Authors: Xu Jinchao , Xu Xiaofeng
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we study the stability, accuracy and convergence behavior of various numerical schemes for phase-field modeling through a simple ODE model. Both theoretical analysis and numerical experiments are carried out on this ODE model to demonstrate the limitation of most numerical schemes that have been used in practice. One main conclusion is that the first-order fully implicit scheme is the only robust algorithm for phase-field simulations while all other schemes (that have been analyzed) may have convergence issue if the time step size is not exceedingly small. More specifically, by rigorous analysis in most cases, we have the following conclusions:

(i) The first-order fully implicit scheme converges to the correct steady state solution for all time step sizes. In the case of multiple solutions, one of the solution branches always converges to the correct steady state solution. (ii) The first-order convex splitting scheme, which is equivalent to the first-order fully implicit scheme with a different time scaling, always converges to the correct steady state solution but may seriously lack numerical accuracy for transient solutions. (iii) For the second-order fully implicit and convex splitting schemes, for any time step size [Formula: see text], there exists an initial condition [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text], such that the numerical solution converges to the wrong steady state solution. (iv) For [Formula: see text], all second-order schemes studied in this paper converge to the correct steady state solution although severe numerical oscillations occur for most of them if the time step size is not sufficiently small. (v) An unconditionally energy-stable scheme (such as the modified Crank–Nicolson scheme) is not necessarily better than a conditionally energy-stable scheme (such as the Crank–Nicolson scheme).

Most, if not all, of the above conclusions are expected to be true for more general Allen–Cahn and other phase-field models.
Distinguishing some genus one knots using finite quotients
Authors: Cheetham-West Tamunonye
Published: April 2023

We give a criterion for distinguishing a prime knot [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] from every other knot in [Formula: see text] using the finite quotients of [Formula: see text]. Using recent work of Baldwin–Sivek, we apply this criterion to the hyperbolic knots [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and the three-strand pretzel knots [Formula: see text] for every integer [Formula: see text].
DRIIS: Diabetic Retinopathy Analysis Based on Deep Learning Technique
Authors: Vanusha D. , Amutha B.
Published: April 2023

More than 85% of people with long-term diabetes are affected by Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), and it is a foremost reason for blindness in the 20–64 age range for both young and old patients. Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR) and Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) are two distinct kinds of DR. In the recent years, due to lack of precise diagnosis or timely prediction, 85% of people have lost their vision due to DR. Several techniques using diverse fundamental concepts were offered to diagnose this issue. According to the proposed method, the DR is categorized into five groups with a range of zero to four integers. Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) technique seems to work well enough, but describing the problem in a unique way to figure out how often the disease happens is still hard. One method proposed to automatically detect DR had 86.17% accuracy. This strategy utilized a CNN but lacked clinical training and validation data for the dataset. Even though CNNs have achieved remarkable results and are acclaimed for their generally high precise results in terms of image processing tasks, there are many hindrances and obstacles which affect the performance of CNN like the complex algorithm in terms of computation and processing time. To solve this problem of CNN, region proposals are identified, that can detect the region of interest based on the context or purpose. The next big problem is that there is no dataset of images of fundus that everyone or most people agree on. This makes it hard to use algorithms to analyze and get correct results. The Diabetic Retinopathy Image Database (DRiDB), for example, aims to get around this problem. So, our approach is to implement a Region Convolutional Neural Network (RCNN) for the detection of features. Usage of RCNN and commonly accepted database will ensure further accurate prediction of DR.
USING DEEP LEARNING AND VIRTUAL REALITY TO BUILD AN ANIMATION GAME FOR THE HEALTHCARE EDUCATION
Authors: WU HAITANG , TU HUA
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to create new experiences for the healthcare environment using virtual reality (VR) animation game technology by reviewing the advantages and disadvantages of VR from the literature. Using Aesop’s fables as the background of the game story, a VR animation game was created. The game design incorporated nine factors, and the five related immersion technologies were leveraged to design the game to enhance the state of flow and immersion. Experts tested the game using the present measurement and game experience questionnaires. The game experience was tested based on the following factors: Task fluency, degree of sensory feedback, degree of interactive experience, degree of immersion, and avoidance of virtual side effects. The results are as follows. (1) Providing relevant icons and guiding elements help players take risks on their own. (2) Audio feedback helps players with their virtual environment perception and enhances visual and tactile recognition. (3) Adding character elements, other than the protagonist, provides adventure information, which can improve the follow-up force of the game. (4) Immersion varies according to age, gender, play time, and virtual real-world experiencers that are different. (5) Motion sickness caused by the conflict between vision and perception should be avoided. The developed motion simulator allows players to detect the walking direction and speed on large equipment using a static floor or by wearing joint sensors. These results can be used as a reference for the development of VR animation games for the healthcare environment.
A lightweight DPT-MAC protocol to increase the network lifetime in wireless body area networks
Authors: Roshini A. , Kiran K. V. D.
Published: April 2023

Evolution of Wireless sensor networks (WSN) has found its identity in Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) to monitor the health status of adults undergone a surgery, etc. In addition, the mobility of the sensor nodes deployed on/in the human body plays a vital role in maintaining the accuracy of the physiological signal. In this paper, a Distributed Posture-based Traffic-Medium Access Control (DPT-MAC) protocol is proposed where the sensor nodes follow the Disc Communication model for the detection of neighbor nodes based on the proximity of the sensing range. Further, the modified IEEE 802.15.4 superframe structure determines the potential sleep posture of a subject to ensure a collision-free data transmission and prioritize the data traffic based on the criticality of the data like critical, periodic and nonregular data. The critical data detection occupies the channel on high priority and will have the probability to access the other channel space during the contention period of the noncritical data. The regular guaranteed time slot (GTS) is reduced from the tradition number of slots to five, which allows the nodes to handle the throughput. This uninterrupted data transmission minimizes the delay rate and collision ratio with any number of sensor nodes as the channel synchronization is strictly followed using the Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance mechanism. Here, the optimization of the network quality parameters like energy consumption, throughput, delay and collision ratio assures a guaranteed increase in the Network Lifetime. The results show that the distributed topology outperforms the conventional star topology in sustaining the Network Lifetime.
Synchronization of fractional-order repressilatory genetic oscillators with time delay
Authors: Lu Qiang , Lu Wenxuan , Zhang Yuchen
Published: April 2023

Genetic oscillators have been widely used in modeling key processes of biological systems, especially cell cycles and circadian rhythms. In particular, repressilatory genetic oscillators have been employed in modeling the dynamics of mRNA and protein interactions with transcriptional and translational feedback loops at the molecular level. In addition, synchronization of these oscillators is crucial for understanding the underlying mechanisms of the associated biological processes. In this paper, models of fractional-order genetic oscillators and their coupling are established, where the aspects of time delay, coupling strength, noise, and stability are all taken into consideration. Communication in the proposed coupling model is based on quorum sensing. The synchronization of the fractional-order repressilator model has been examined through simulations which show three main findings. Firstly, the synchronization of the fractional-order repressilator model can be optimized through coupling weight selection. Secondly, the synchronization can be enhanced by increasing the fractional order and decreasing the time delay and the noise intensity. Finally, transitions between the states of the fractional-order repressilatory oscillator can be achieved through varying the fractional order. The simulation results verify the biological relevance of the genetic oscillator models, and their potential for explaining the underlying mechanisms of the associated biological processes.
Constrained Tiny Machine Learning for Predicting Gas Concentration with I4.0 Low-cost Sensors
Authors: El Adoui Mohammed , Herpoel Thomas , Frénay Benoît
Published: April 2023

Low-cost gas sensors (LCS) often produce inaccurate measurements due to varying environmental conditions that are not consistent with laboratory settings, leading to inadequate productivity levels compared to high-quality sensors. To address this issue, we propose the use of Machine Learning (ML) to predict accurate concentrations of pollutant gases acquired by LCS integrated into an embedded Internet of Things platform. However, a key challenge is to optimize an accurate ML design under low memory and computation power constraints of microcontrollers (MCUs) while maintaining accurate ML scores.

After data analysis and pre-processing, we assess and analyze the performance of five ML algorithms to predict the concentration of pollutants gases from multiple specifications (weather, presence of other gases, etc.). To support the experiments, datasets from three sources are used: (1) VOCSens, (2) Belgian Interregional Environment Agency cell, and (3) Visual-Crossing. Once the best model was optimized and validated, multiple hard constraints were added to the selected ML structure to satisfy material and expert requirements. Trained models were ported to be implemented locally in a MCU after comparing several porting libraries. The assembled code obtained is evaluated based on two metrics: storage memory consumption and inference time, relative to the highest attainable capacities.

The improved random forest is the best ML model for the used dataset with an R2 score meeting of 0.72 and Root Means Square Error of 0.0028 ppm. The best generated Tiny-ML model needs 3% of RAM and 98% of Flash storage.

The empirical results prove that the developed ML algorithm applied to LCS provides high accuracy to predict pollutant gases. This algorithm can also be used to adjust the LCS systems to provide calibrated data in real time, even if the platform being used is not particularly advanced or powerful.
E-TPE:

E

fficient

T

humbnail-

P

reserving

E

ncryption for Privacy Protection in Visual Sensor Networks
Authors: Zhao Ruoyu , Zhang Yushu , Wen Wenying , Lan Rushi , Xiang Yong
Published: April 2023

When visual sensor networks (VSNs) enter daily life in society, they not only bring great convenience but also cause people to worry about privacy. Traditional image encryption uses the snowflake effect to protect the privacy, but this can compromise the usability of directly browsing images captured by nodes in VSNs. Recently, thumbnail-preserving encryption (TPE) has been proposed to balance image usability and privacy. However, the Markov chain’s limited connectivity and high time cost, which result in low efficiency, may preclude its application in VSNs. Motivated by this, we propose a novel TPE scheme to protect the image collected in VSNs’ privacy efficiently. We first deeply study the bijective relationship between the three-pixel group and its rank, and then propose a new number method for both, based on which we design the efficient rank mapping. Subsequently, an efficient thumbnail-preserving image encryption via three-pixel rank mapping (E-TPE) is designed, achieving NR security and enhancing the Markov chain’s connectivity. The experiments demonstrate the scheme’s efficiency; that is, it is currently the quickest ideal-TPE scheme with NR security, and a good balance is achieved between usability and privacy.
Recurrent Multi-scale Approximation-Guided Network for Single Image Super-Resolution
Authors: Hsu Wei-Yen , Jian Pei-Wen
Published: April 2023

Single-image super-resolution (SISR)is an essential topic in computer vision applications. However, most CNN-based SISR approaches directly learn the relationship between low- and high-resolution images while ignoring the contextual texture and detail fidelity to explore super-resolution; thus, they hinder the representational power of CNNs and lead to the unrealistic, distorted reconstruction of edges and textures in the images. In this study, we propose a novel recurrent structure preservation mechanism with the integration and innovative use of multi-scale wavelet transform,Recurrent Multiscale Approximation-guided Network (RMANet), to recursively process the low-frequency and high-frequency sub-networks at each level separately. Unlike traditional wavelet transform, we propose a novelApproximation Level Preservation (ALP)architecture to import and learn the low-frequency sub-networks at each level. Through proposedApproximation level fusion (ALF)and inverse wavelet transform, rich image structures of low frequency at each level can be recursively restored and greatly preserved with the combination of ALP at each level. In addition, a novel low-frequency to high-frequencydetail enhancement (DE)mechanism is also proposed to solve the problem of detail distortion in high-frequency networks by transmitting low-frequency information to the high-frequency network. Finally, a joint loss function is used to balance low-frequency and high-frequency information with different degrees of fusion. In addition to correct restoration, image details are further enhanced by tuning different hyperparameters during training. Compared with the state-of-the-art approaches, the experimental results on synthetic and real datasets demonstrate that the proposed RMANet achieves better performance in visual presentation, especially in image edges and texture details.
Thermal Shrinkage Behavior of CH3O-Multielement-Molecular-Ion-Implantation-Induced Dislocation Loops Studied by Real-Time Transmission Electron Microscopy Observation
Authors: Suzuki Akihiro , Kadono Takeshi , Hirose Ryo , Kobayashi Koji , Onaka-Masada Ayumi , Okuyama Ryosuke , Koga Yoshihiro , Kurita Kazunari
Published: April 2023

We investigated the thermal behavior of dislocation loops formed in a CH3O-multielement-molecular-ion-implanted epitaxial silicon (Si) wafer by real-time cross-sectional TEM observation with in situ heating. We found that the CH3O-ion-implantation-induced faulted Frank dislocation loops (FDLs) shrink at a low rate at the beginning of heat treatment (1st stage), and then the shrinkage rate rapidly increased (2nd stage), resulting in the dissolution of the defects. The activation energies for the shrinkage of FDLs in the 1st and 2nd stages (E
D-1 and E
D-2) were found to be 2.94 ± 0.31 and 4.95 ± 0.25 eV, respectively. The shrinkage behavior in the 1st stage is the desorption of C and O atoms that segregated along the edge of an FDL because of the interaction between the CH3O-ion-implantation-induced FDL and the segregated impurities. On the other hand, the 2nd stage corresponds to the desorption of Si atoms from FDLs and its migration. Compared to our previous study on the shrinkage behavior of CH4N-ion-implantation-induced FDLs (J. Electrochem. Soc. 169, 047521 (2022)), E
D-2 of the CH3O-ion-implantation-induced FDLs is almost the same as that of the CH4N-ion-implantation-induced FDLs, while the values of E
D-1 are quite different. The difference between the E
D-1 values of CH3O- and CH4N-ion-implantation-induced FDLs is suggested to be the difference of the kind of segregated impurities. Our experimental results suggest that thermal stability of the dislocation loop is determined by the kind of segregated impurities around the dislocation loop.
Possible strategies to reduce altitude-related excessive polycythemia
Authors: Schmidt Walter F. J. , Wachsmuth Nadine B. , Romero Pozo Maria Catarina , Aguilar Valerio Martha Teresa , Contreras Tapia Ivonee Clorinda , Vater Marina , Kaufmann Julia , Jimenez-Claros Jesus Carlos , Soria Rudy
Published: April 2023

To our knowledge, this is the first study examining the effect of three different treatments [descending to lower altitude (from 3,900 m to 1,050 m), nocturnal oxygen supply, and administration of acetazolamide] on changes in hemoglobin mass in patients experiencing chronic mountain sickness (CMS). We report that descent to low altitude is a fast-acting measure for the treatment of excessive erythrocytosis in patients with CMS, reducing Hbmass by 16% within 3 wk. Nighttime oxygen supplementation and daily acetazolamide administration are also effective, but reduce Hbmass by only 6%. In all three treatments, the underlying mechanism is a reduction in plasma erythropoietin concentration due to higher oxygen availability.
The effects of single-leg disuse on skeletal muscle strength and size in the nonimmobilized leg of uninjured adults: a meta-analysis
Authors: Preobrazenski Nicholas , Janssen Ian , McGlory Chris
Published: April 2023

Our meta-analyses show a trivial effect of single-leg immobilization on leg extensor strength and no effect on leg extensor size in the nonimmobilized leg in uninjured adults. Thus, the nonimmobilized leg in single-leg immobilization studies can serve as useful internal control when examining changes in knee extensor strength and size.
Blood flow restriction does not alter the early hypertrophic signaling and short-term adaptive response to resistance exercise when performed to task failure
Authors: Pignanelli Christopher , Holloway Graham P. , Burr Jamie F.
Published: April 2023

The addition of blood flow restriction during low-load resistance exercise is considered to increase the signaling events and muscle growth responses to a greater extent than low-load resistance exercise alone. It remains unclear whether blood flow restriction accelerates or increases these adaptive responses, as most studies have each condition perform the same amount of work. Despite different amounts of work performed, we show similar signaling and muscle growth responses occur after low-load resistance exercise with and without blood flow restriction. Our work supports that blood flow restriction accelerates fatigue but does not increase the signaling events and muscle growth responses during low-load resistance exercise.
Fluid balance during physical work in the heat is not modified by the menstrual cycle when fluids are freely available
Authors: Freemas Jessica A. , Goss Curtis S. , Ables Riley , Baker Tyler B. , Bruinvels Georgie , Mündel Toby , Martin Bruce J. , Carter Stephen J. , Chapman Robert F. , Schlader Zachary J.
Published: April 2023

The effect of the menstrual cycle on fluid balance during physical work in the heat when fluids are freely available is unknown. This study demonstrates that fluid balance is not modified in women across three distinct phases of the menstrual cycle during physical work in the heat These results indicate that when women have free access to cool fluid during physical work in the heat, they respond similarly across all three phases to maintain fluid homeostasis across the menstrual cycle.
Influence of Mineral Admixtures on the Properties of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement Lean Concrete
Authors: Guan Bowen , Di Wenjin , Wu Jiayu , Wang Faping , Zhang Shuowen , He Zhenqing
Published: April 2023

This study investigated the effects of light-burned magnesia, fly ash (FA), dolomite powder (DP), and limestone powder (LP) contents on the performance of magnesium oxychloride cement lean concrete (MOCLC). The effects of light-burned magnesia and mineral admixture content on the mechanical properties and durability of MOCLC were tested by the compressive strength test, splitting strength test, water resistance test, shrinkage test, and fatigue test, respectively. The results revealed that the optimum dosage of MgO was 4%. The optimum dosages of FA, DP, and LP were 25%, 20%, and 20% of the cement dosage, respectively. The compressive and splitting strengths of the MOCLC were decreased by the addition of FA and DP. Due to part of the internal pores of MOCLC were filled with FA and DP, the decomposition of the main strength phase 5Mg (OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O (phase 5) was suppressed and the water resistance of MOCLC was improved. The addition of FA and DP also improved the shrinkage resistance, and the fatigue resistance of MOCLC was also improved by the addition of FA and DP. The water resistance, shrinkage, and fatigue properties of MOCLC with a FA content of 25% were better than those of MOCLC with DP and LP.
Measuring Antenna Elevation Mechanism Pointing Errors with Multiencoder Information Sources
Authors: Xu Duoxiang , Xu Qian , Wang Na , Xue Fei
Published: April 2023

There are many factors that cause pointing errors in radio telescopes. As one of the motion positioning mechanisms of the radio telescope, the error caused by the elevation mechanism cannot be ignored. The source of error in the elevation mechanism comes mainly from the key transmission components and the support structure. Accurate measurement of the errors caused by them is the key to analyzing their law of change. Aiming at the main error factors in the antenna elevation mechanism, this study builds a scaled-down experimental platform for the elevation mechanism and proposes an error measurement method based on multiencoder information sources. The method compares the error law of change of the antenna elevation mechanism under different driving modes, different centerline deviations of the bearings, and different backlashes and designs error measurement experiments for the abovementioned operating conditions. The results show that the error measurement method based on multiencoder information sources can accurately measure the error of the antenna elevation mechanism under different driving modes. The method can also accurately reflect the law of change in transmission error when the backlash of the elevation mechanism and the centerline deviation of the bearings increase. The final experimental measurement shows that the driving mode of the dual-motor can eliminate about 70% of the mechanism error caused by the backlash. The average value of the error increases by a factor of 1.9 when the backlash increases from 0.1 mm to 1.26 mm. The average value of the error increases by a factor of 5 when the centerline deviation of the bearings increases from 0 to 1.5 mm. This has a good reference value to correct for the pointing error of a radio telescope.
A Few-Shot Malicious Encrypted Traffic Detection Approach Based on Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Li Man , Ou Haiwen , Pang Shufang , Yue Ziyan
Published: April 2023

Existing malicious encrypted traffic detection approaches need to be trained with many samples to achieve effective detection of a specified class of encrypted traffic data. With the rapid development of encryption technology, various new types of encrypted traffic are emerging and difficult to label. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to train a deep learning model using only a small number of samples to detect new classes of malicious encrypted traffic. This paper proposes a few-shot malicious encrypted traffic detection (FMETD) approach based on model-agnostic meta-learning (MAML), integrating feature selection and classification into an end-to-end framework. The FMETD approach first converts the raw traffic data into two-dimensional grayscale images. Then, FMETD trains a deep learning model (2D-CNN) using the MAML, which is to learn an optimal set of model initialization parameters for the model from a set of classification tasks consisting of grayscale images. The model with this set of parameters can detect new classes of maliciously encrypted traffic data efficiently with a few samples by a few iterations steps. The experimental results show that the FMETD approach has 99.8% accuracy for two-class classification encrypted traffic and 98.5% average accuracy for multi-classification. When the number of grayscale images of each class in the support set and validation set is reduced to 20, the accuracy of our approach to multi-class classification is 97.9% for new classes of traffic.
Mechanical Properties of High-Temperature Granite under Liquid Nitrogen Cooling
Authors: Wang Linchao , Xue Yi , Cao Zhengzheng , Wu Xiao-juan , Dang Fa-ning , Liu Ruifu
Published: April 2023

The cooling characteristics of liquid nitrogen can effectively weaken the mechanical properties of dry hot rock reservoirs, improve the porosity and permeability of dry hot rock, and thus improve the development and utilization of geothermal resources. In order to explore the weakening effect of liquid nitrogen cooling characteristics on high-temperature reservoir rocks, uniaxial compression tests, Brazil splitting tests, and three-point bending tests were conducted on high-temperature granite, and synchronous acoustic emission tests were conducted to monitor the damage evolution of rocks. It is found that under the action of liquid nitrogen, the elastic modulus, peak strength, fracture toughness, and other mechanical properties of granite decrease to varying degrees. At different initial temperatures, the damage degree of liquid nitrogen to granite is different. The higher the initial temperature of granite, the greater the damage effect of liquid nitrogen on granite. The low-temperature characteristics of liquid nitrogen not only have the effect of cracking damage on granite but also have the effect of thermal stress on granite. If the temperature difference between the two is large, the heat released in the combination process will be higher. The greater the temperature difference, the greater the damage to granite. Under the action of liquid nitrogen, the acoustic emission characteristics of granite also show different evolution laws, and the ringing count of rock increases significantly, which indicates that liquid nitrogen aggravates the internal damage of granite, making the rock more fractured during fracturing. The research results can provide some scientific guidance for the development and utilization of geothermal energy.
Number of Distinct Fragments in Coset Diagrams for
P
S
L

2
,
Z
Authors: Aamir Muhammad , Yousaf Awais , Masmali Ibtisam , Razaq Abdul
Published: April 2023

Coset diagrams [1, 2] are used to demonstrate the graphical representation of the action of the extended modular group

P
G
L

2
,
Z

over

P
L

F

q

=

F

q

⋃

∞

. In these sorts of graphs, a closed path of edges and triangles is known as a circuit, and a fragment is emerged by the connection of two or more circuits. The coset diagram evolves through the joining of these fragments. If one vertex of the circuit is fixed by

a
x

ρ

1

a

x

−
1

ρ

2

a
x

ρ

3

⋯

a

x

−
1

ρ

k

∈
P
S
L

2
,
Z

, then this circuit is termed to be a length –

k

circuit, denoted by

ρ

1

,

ρ

2

,

ρ

3

,
⋯
,

ρ

k

. In this study, we consider two circuits of length

−
6

as

Ω

1

=

α

1

,

α

2

,

α

3

,

α

4

,

α

5

,

α

6

and

Ω

2

=

β

1

,

β

2

,

β

3

,

β

4

,

β

5

,

β

6

with the vertical axis of symmetry that is

α

2

=

α

6

,

α

3

=

α

5

and

β

2

=

β

6

,

β

3

=

β

5

. It is supposed that

Ω

is a fragment formed by joining

Ω

1

and

Ω

2

at a certain point. The condition for existence of a fragment is given in [3] in the form of a polynomial in

Z

z

. If we change the pair of vertices and connect them, then the resulting fragment and the fragment

Ω

may coincide. In this article, we find the total number of distinct fragments by joining all the vertices of

Ω

1

with the vertices of

Ω

2

provided the condition

β

4

<

β

3

<

β

2

<

β

1

<

α

4

<

α

3

<

α

2

<

α

1

.
Influences of NPSB and Vermicompost Application Rates on Yields of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) at Jimma Ganati Research Site of Wallaga University, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Asefa Bebayehu Fayera , Wagari Irge Alemayehu , Tufa Woticha Abdela , Hunduma Dabalo Adugna
Published: April 2023

The tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) is an important vegetable crop in Ethiopia and is produced and eaten in large quantities throughout the nation. However, the tomato production is quite low (10 tons·ha−1) compared to the global average yield of 34 tons·ha−1 due to the repetitive use of chemical fertilizers alone, growing intensive crops that are absorbing significant amounts of the soil nutrients, and the lack of application of organic fertilizers. Therefore, it is crucial to take accurate measurements when using fertilizers in order to solve issues and boost crop yield. The study’s objective was to find out how NPSB and vermicompost fertilizers together influenced tomato growth, yield characteristics, and yield at the Wallaga University Research Site for two consecutive years (2021 and 2022). The experiment used a factorial randomized block design with two components: four levels of NPSB and four levels of vermicompost. The tomato fruit production and all of its components were strongly impacted by the primary and interaction effects of NPSB and vermicompost treatment rates. The highest fruit length was 6.26 cm, the largest fruit diameter was 5.94 cm, the shoot fresh weight was 48.25 g·plant−1, the shoot dry weight was 4.50 g·plant−1, the marketable fresh fruit per plant was 5.54 kg, and the fruit yield was 24.36 ton·ha−1 after the application of 125 kg·ha−1 NPSB plus 8 ton·ha−1 vermicompost. Application of 125 kg·ha−1 of NPSB fertilizer along with 8 tons·ha−1 of vermicompost increases net benefits by 115922.5 ETB·ha−1 as compared to a control. Therefore, in order to enhance tomato yield, it may be suggested that farmers utilize the combination of 125 kg·ha−1 of NPSB and 8 tons·ha−1 of vermicompost rather than applying any inorganic fertilizers alone.
The Pictorial Interview of Children’s Metacognition and Executive Functions (PIC-ME): Cultural Adaptation for Ultra-Orthodox Jewish Populations
Authors: Golos Anat , Budman Jennifer R. , Shterenshus Ayala , Bar-Ilan Ruthie Traub
Published: April 2023

Introduction. Executive functions (EFs) are strongly linked to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The pictorial interview of children’s metacognition and executive functions (PIC-ME) assesses children’s self-perceptions regarding their EF. This study is aimed at describing the cultural adaptation of the PIC-ME to the ultra-Orthodox (UO) Jewish population in Israel. Method. In the first of three stages, 30 occupational therapists, who were experienced in working with children with ADHD from the UO population, completed a questionnaire about the suitability of PIC-ME for the UO community. In the second stage, six therapists participated in a focus group to discuss the recommendations and the adaptations made following the first stage. In the third stage, 20 UO children aged 5–10 participated in the tool validation process. Results. First stage: most of the items of the original tool were found to be appropriate in representing the EFs of UO children and did not need to be adapted. No significant differences were found between the boys’ and girls’ versions regarding the tool’s adaptability. However, most of the therapists suggested that the pictures in both versions needed adaptations. Second stage: additional recommendations led to the development of a final adapted version. Third stage: over 70 percent agreement was found among UO children regarding the clarity of the adapted pictures. No significant differences were found between boys and girls or between age groups. Conclusions. This study presented wide agreement on the necessity for cultural adaptation of the PIC-ME to the UO population and described the adaptation process. Based on its face validity, the UO version may be a useful tool to assess the self-perception of EF among UO children. Further studies are needed to assess its psychometric properties and its usefulness as an outcome measure. The study findings may contribute to the cultural adaptation of other tools for culturally distinct populations.
What Are the Factors That Influence Job Satisfaction of Nurses Working in the Intensive Care Unit? A Multicenter Qualitative Study
Authors: Hesselink Gijs , Branje Floor , Zegers Marieke
Published: April 2023

Aim. To explore and describe the factors that influence the job satisfaction of nurses working in the intensive care unit (ICU). Background. High turnover and dropout rates of nurses currently put pressure on the accessibility and quality of ICU care. Job satisfaction is an important predictor for turnover. However, there is little knowledge about the factors that enhance or frustrate the job satisfaction of ICU nurses. Methods. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted from March to July 2022. Semistructured interviews were held with 23 registered nurses who were purposively sampled from the ICU in four hospitals in the Netherlands. Interview transcripts were analyzed by using a thematic content analysis approach. Results. Six themes emerged: (1) being part of a solid team; (2) professional autonomy; (3) competence development; (4) appreciation of work by others; (5) work content; and (6) human resource management. Interviewees described the importance of being part of a team, having professional autonomy and opportunities to develop and remain challenged as a professional. In practice, these needs are often not met. Interviewees expressed their own role in meeting these needs by taking charge in situations, being eager to learn, and actively looking for ways to keep work attractive. Recognition and appreciation for their work are important catalysts for staying motivated. Monotonous work, poor leadership, and bureaucracy reduced their job satisfaction. Conclusion. Our findings provide deeper insight into a range of factors that influence the job satisfaction of ICU nurses and may also apply to nurses in other settings. Practical recommendations are given for keeping the nursing profession attractive for the current and future generation. Implications for Nursing Management. Findings emphasize the importance of optimizing nurses’ work conditions by investing in their social embeddedness, professional autonomy, opportunities for competence development, and appreciation of work.
In Vitro Antibacterial and Phytochemical Screening of Hypericum perforatum Extract as Potential Antimicrobial Agents against Multi‐Drug‐Resistant (MDR) Strains of Clinical Origin
Authors: Sherif Momen M. , Elshikh Hussien H. , Abdel-Aziz Marwa M. , Elaasser Mahmoud M. , Yosri Mohammed
Published: April 2023

Background. The perennial plant Hypericum perforatum is widely distributed around the world. It has been used for many years in conventional medicine to treat a variety of illnesses, including stress, mild to moderate depression, and minor injuries. This study examined the antimicrobial activity of the H. perforatum total extract and its fractions (n‐hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and aqueous) against multi‐drug‐resistant (MDR) isolates that were gathered from clinical samples, including methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumonia. Materials and Methods. Aerial parts of H. perforatum were collected and extracted using various solvents and were tested versus different isolated bacterial species. The inhibition zone of tested extracts was detected using an agar diffusion assay, and MICs were measured. Phytochemical analysis of promising H. perforatum extract was done using LC‐ESI‐MS/MS. Ultrastructure examination for the most altered bacteria used transmission electron microscopy. Antioxidant assays were done using DPPH and ABTS scavenging capacity methods. Cytotoxicity was reported versus Vero cells. Results. Different extracts of H. perforatum showed promising antibacterial activity against the pathogens. While the subfractions of the total extract were observed to show lesser inhibition zones and higher MIC values than the total extract of H. perforatum against MDR strains, the total extract of H. perforatum demonstrated the most potent antimicrobial action with an inhibition zone range of 17.9‐27.9 mm. MDR‐K. pneumoniae was discovered to be the most susceptible strain, which is consistent with the antibacterial inhibitory action of H. perforatum whole extract. Additionally, after treatment at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC 3.9 μg/ml), the transmission electron microscope showed alterations in the ultrastructure of the K. pneumoniae cells. Methanol extract from H. perforatum has a CC50 value of 976.75 μg/ml. Conclusion. Future inhibitors that target MDR strains may be revealed by these findings. Additionally, the extracts that were put to the test demonstrated strong antioxidant effects as shown by DPPH or ABTS radical‐scavenging assays.
Employing a Carbon-Based Nanocomposite as a Diffusive Solid-Phase Extraction Adsorbent for Methamphetamine for Therapeutic Purposes
Authors: Kala K. Lakshmi , Anbuchezhiyan G. , Pingili Kavitha , Singh Pradeep Kumar , Vel V. M. , Yusuf Kareem , Aljuwayid Ahmed Muteb , Islam Md Ataul , Christopher David
Published: April 2023

Due to the obvious minimal doses of drugs in biological matrices as well as the societal difficulties caused by methamphetamine usage, methamphetamine identification is critical in clinical and forensic laboratories. Because of their simple and inexpensive production procedure, as well as their excellent selectivity and sensitivity, polymeric carbon-based nanocomposites are strong contenders for the diffusive solid-phase extraction approach. The diffusive solid-phase extraction absorbent nanographene oxide polypyrrole composite was produced and used to recover methamphetamine from a complicated urine substrate. The generated NGPPC was fully characterized, and the significant extracting parameters have been explored using the one-parameter-at-a-time strategy. NGOPC is being used to extract methamphetamine using a urine medium with high efficiency. The NGPPC synthesizing procedure was easy, and the extraction method will demonstrate good repeatability. Moreover, the practical and efficient synthesis process stimulates the use of carbon-based compounds in various extraction procedures. As for detecting and quantifying equipment, HPLC monitors are being used. 300 mL methanol, 7 min extracting and desorption duration, 5000 mixing frequency, urinary pH value of 20, 40 mg adsorption, and 5 mL amount of urine were the optimal extraction variables. Following tracing the calibration graph, the method’s linear ranges were determined to be 40-600 ng/ml. The detection limits (LOD) and quantitation limits (LOQ), correspondingly, were 10 and 35.80 ng/mL. The proposed methodology seemed to have a detection range of 9 ng/mL. The suggested approach’s applicability in numerous characterization and medical facilities was proven by the examination of addicted subjects using the proposed technique. For successful extraction of methamphetamine using biological urine samples, the carbon-based adsorbent was being used as diffusive solid-phase extraction adsorption.
Phylodynamics and Molecular Mutations of the Hemagglutinin Affecting Global Transmission and Host Adaptation of H5Nx Viruses
Authors: Demirev Atanas V. , Park Heedo , Lee Kyuyoung , Park Sejik , Bae Joon-Yong , Park Man-Seong , Kim Jin Il
Published: April 2023

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viruses have circulated globally causing incidental human infection with a substantial pandemic threat. The present study investigated the molecular evolution and phylodynamics of hemagglutinin (HA) in avian and human-isolated H5Nx viruses globally circulating since 2000. We investigated the dynamics of amino acid substitution in the HA sequences of avian and human H5Nx viruses and performed a phylogenetic analysis. Our study found that the H5Nx lineages dominantly expanded since 2000 and diverged into multiple sublineages with unique genetic mutations. P185S mutation in HA became a molecular characteristic of dominant H5Nx viruses throughout clades 2.3.4.1 to 2.3.4.4 (2.3.4.1–4). The key mutations, ΔE130 and I155T, and potential N-linked glycosylation at residues 128, 144, and 159 in the HA gene of human-isolated viruses possibly contributed to both the individual and population levels of the H5 evolution and the host adaptation. Our analysis detected heterogeneity in amino acid sites under positive selection in the HA gene of clades 2.3.4.1–4. Accumulated mutations in the HA protein may potentially affect not only the genetic and antigenic diversity of HPAI H5Nx viruses but also increase the functional compatibility with NA subtypes. Given the global spread and incessantly occurring HA mutations of H5Nx viruses, our results emphasize the importance of early identification of HA mutations as well as the need for a comprehensive assessment of H5Nx variants in terms of pandemic preparedness.
Treatment with Antiviral Drugs Will Significantly Inhibit the HIV-1 RNA POL Gene Expression and Viral Load in AIDS Patients
Authors: Shi Penghui , Wang Xiaodong , Su Miaomiao , Meng Juan , Wang Hao , Fan Weiguang
Published: April 2023

Objective. This study is to investigate the difference in HIV-1 RNA pol gene expression in AIDS patients before and after antiviral treatment and its effect on the expression level of CD4+/CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood. Methods. The participants included 200 AIDS patients who had undergone antiviral medication, and the quantity of HIV-1 RNA pol gene was determined using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). The levels of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood were measured by flow cytometry before and after therapy. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to assess the impact of HIV-1 RNA pol gene expression and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio on the prognosis of AIDS patients. Results. After three months of therapy, the levels of HIV-1 RNA and viral load in the patients showed a drastic decline, while the levels of CD4+/CD8+ were markedly elevated (

P
<
0.05

). Logistic analysis revealed that patients’ viral loads were positively correlated with HIV-1 RNA and negatively correlated with CD4+/CD8+ (

P
<
0.05

). The alanine aminotransferase (ALT), white blood cell (WBC) count, Serum creatinine (Cr), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and platelet (PLT) levels significantly increased following a 24-month therapy, while no significant changes were observed in the level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), red blood cell (RBC), and neutrophil (NEU) (%). (

P
>
0.05

). Conclusion. Antiviral drugs significantly inhibit the HIV-1 RNA POL gene expression and viral load in AIDS patients but upregulate the expression level of CD4+/CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood.
Supplementary Data from Fructose Metabolism in Tumor Endothelial Cells Promotes Angiogenesis by Activating AMPK Signaling and Mitochondrial Respiration
Authors: Fang Jian-Hong , Chen Jie-Ying , Zheng Jia-Lin , Zeng Hui-Xian , Chen Jun-Guang , Wu Chen-Hui , Cai Jia-Li , Wang Zhi-Yong , Zhuang Shi-Mei
Published: April 2023

This PDF file includes:Supplementary Figures S1 to S11Supplementary Table S1
Supplementary File 2 from Bayesian Machine Learning Enables Identification of Transcriptional Network Disruptions Associated with Drug-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Blatti Charles , de la Fuente Jesús , Gao Huanyao , Marín-Goñi Irene , Chen Zikun , Zhao Sihai D. , Tan Winston , Weinshilboum Richard , Kalari Krishna R. , Wang Liewei , Hernaez Mikel
Published: April 2023

Supplementary File 2: Excel file with CommunityAMARETTO Enrichment results
Supplementary Table 1 from Neutrophil Conversion to a Tumor-Killing Phenotype Underpins Effective Microbial Therapy
Authors: Yam Andrew O. , Bailey Jacqueline , Lin Francis , Jakovija Arnolda , Youlten Scott E. , Counoupas Claudio , Gunzer Matthias , Bald Tobias , Woodruff Trent M. , Triccas James A. , Goldstein Leonard D. , Gallego-Ortega David , Grey Shane T. , Chtanova Tatyana
Published: April 2023

Characterization of neutrophil populations in single cell analysis.
Supplementary Data from Neutrophil Conversion to a Tumor-Killing Phenotype Underpins Effective Microbial Therapy
Authors: Yam Andrew O. , Bailey Jacqueline , Lin Francis , Jakovija Arnolda , Youlten Scott E. , Counoupas Claudio , Gunzer Matthias , Bald Tobias , Woodruff Trent M. , Triccas James A. , Goldstein Leonard D. , Gallego-Ortega David , Grey Shane T. , Chtanova Tatyana
Published: April 2023

SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURES 1-10; SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE and VIDEO LEGENDS; EXTENDED MATERIALS AND METHODS
Table S3 from Single-Cell Discovery and Multiomic Characterization of Therapeutic Targets in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Yao Lijun , Wang Julia T. , Jayasinghe Reyka G. , O'Neal Julie , Tsai Chia-Feng , Rettig Michael P. , Song Yizhe , Liu Ruiyang , Zhao Yanyan , Ibrahim Omar M. , Fiala Mark A. , Fortier Julie M. , Chen Siqi , Gehrs Leah , Rodrigues Fernanda Martins , Wendl Michael C. , Kohnen Daniel , Shinkle Andrew , Cao Song , Foltz Steven M. , Zhou Daniel Cui , Storrs Erik , Wyczalkowski Matthew A. , Mani Smrithi , Goldsmith Scott R. , Zhu Ying , Hamilton Mark , Liu Tao , Chen Feng , Vij Ravi , Ding Li , DiPersio John F.
Published: April 2023

Batch specific co-expression analysis.
Suppl video 4 from Neutrophil Conversion to a Tumor-Killing Phenotype Underpins Effective Microbial Therapy
Authors: Yam Andrew O. , Bailey Jacqueline , Lin Francis , Jakovija Arnolda , Youlten Scott E. , Counoupas Claudio , Gunzer Matthias , Bald Tobias , Woodruff Trent M. , Triccas James A. , Goldstein Leonard D. , Gallego-Ortega David , Grey Shane T. , Chtanova Tatyana
Published: April 2023

Neutrophil interactions with LLC cells lead to tumor cell blebbing.