bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Valutazione del fabbisogno di personale nei servizi di emergenza-urgenza: fattori caratterizzanti e opportunità
Authors: Ramacciani Isemann Christian
Published: April 2022

INTRODUZIONE Recentemente è stato reso pubblico il documento stilato da AGENAS sugli standard di personale, allo scopo di definire una modalità per la determinazione dei fabbisogni degli operatori nei differenti contesti di cura [1]. Se per alcuni setting questo documento risulta molto preciso, lo stesso non si può dire per i servizi di emergenza-urgenza, dove tutte le attività tra ospedale e territorio sono state accorpate inserendo solamente dei valori minimi e massimi in Full Time Equivalent (FTE: le ore annue garantite da un lavoratore a tempo pieno per quel profilo), stratificati per tipologia di ospedale. Per quanto riguarda invece l’emergenza sanitaria territoriale, la differente organizzazione dei sistemi sanitari regionali – dove talvolta si riscontrano marcate differenze anche all’interno di una stessa azienda sanitaria – e la mancanza di consenso sull’utilizzo dei professionisti tra i differenti livelli di complessità assistenziale e organizzativa non sembrano essere d’aiuto [2]. Le fonti normative non indicano una direzione precisa e la letteratura sull’argomento ha preso in considerazione solo i setting ospedalieri. Il documento redatto da FIASO nel 2015 [3] indica i costi standard mettendo a confronto quattro sistemi molto differenti tra loro (Lazio, Lombardia, Basilicata ed Emilia-Romagna) ed esplicitando i costi orari relativi ai differenti profili professionali, ai mezzi di soccorso e alla tecnologia. Lo studio ha evidenziato anche alcuni fattori potenzialmente in grado di aumentare i costi: tra loro, a titolo esemplificativo, l’attività in orario straordinario e l’utilizzo di personale non dipendente. La spesa complessiva, però, è strettamente legata al fabbisogno di personale; una sua appropriata valutazione può essere strutturata analizzando i vari fattori che la influenzano (tab. 1).
Proporção áurea: uma abordagem estética na odontologia revisão de literatura
Authors: Pontanegra Romero Samarcos Mendes , Da Silva Emilly Emanuelly Oliveira , Dos Santos Gabriel Silva Barboza , Ribeiro Ricardo Hernan Artur , Camboim Cecilia Corcino de Lucena
Published: April 2022

Introdução: A proporção áurea pode ser definida como uma matemática específica vista como atraente aos olhos humanos. Na Odontologia o seu emprego favoreceu a projeção dos dentes anteriores superiores mais harmônicos, instituindo resultados padronizados para construir um sorriso estético. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, a prevalência da proporção áurea e a sua abordagem estética na Odontologia. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico no Pubmed, utilizando os descritores proporção áurea e odontologia estética em inglês, onde foram selecionados artigos de acordo com os critérios de inclusão. Resultados: Vários estudos foram realizados com intuito de analisar a prevalência da proporção áurea em diferentes populações, os relatos não foram encontrados de maneira recorrente, ainda assim os indivíduos congruentes ao padrão áureo foram considerados mais atraentes. Alguns Cirurgiões-dentistas aplicaram a razão áurea clinicamente para determinar proporções dentais nos elementos anteriores superiores dos seus pacientes, o resultado obtido foi satisfatório e auxiliou na reabilitação oral. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a proporção áurea pode ser empregada como um guia de orientação para reabilitações estéticas, seguindo os seus parâmetros é possível sistematizar proporções para o planejamento de um sorriso mais agradável.
ABOUT SEVERAL PROBLEMS OF TEACHING VAHAN TERYAN‘S YERKIR NAIRI‖ POETIC SERIES
Authors: Khachikyan G.
Published: April 2022

In this article, we tried to conduct a detailed analysis of V. Teryan's poetic cycle, Yerkir Nairi‖. But the poem Toghi Yerkirn im Hayreni '' (I left my Homeland‖) was especially highlighted here. To our mind, especially the author‘s this particular creation more completely, comprehensively reveals the inner plot, theme, idea of creativity while expressing the thoughts, mood, experiences of the poet himself and, most importantly, allows students of the humanitarian streams of high schools in the learning process, to more clearly assimilate the learning material, perceiving the subtleties of the patriotism of the great poet.
It should be noted that the article shows not only a thorough literary analysis, but also proposes a productive step-by-step training system for the PPW cycle - I-stage of promotion, II-stage of meaning of perception, III-stage of weighing. This system, which pursues students and cognitive goals, is in many ways effective and can be successfully used in the learning process not only by teachers of high schools, but also be a useful reference material for applicants and students./Հոդվածում Վ. Տերյանի «Երկիր Նաիրի» բանաստեղծությունների շարքը վերլուծվել է նրա կառուցվածքի մեջ «Թողի երկիրն իմ հայրենի» տողով սկսվող բանաստեղծության ներառմամբ՝ այն դիտարկելով շարքի առաջին բանաստեղծություն: Նման ընթերցման ու մեկնաբանման դեպքում շարքը դյուրին կընկալվի նաև հանրակրթական դպրոցի հումանիտար հոսքի աշակերտների կողմից: Մեր այսպիսի մոտեցումը ներկայացրել ենք շարքի թե՛ գրականագիտական վերլուծությամբ և թե՛ աշակերտներին ԽԻԿ համակարգով մատուցելու համար: Հետևաբար ուսուցողական նպատակներ հետապնդող այս հոդվածը հատկապես հանձնարարելի ենք համարում ուսուցիչներին, ավագ դպրոցի հումանիտար հոսքի 11-րդ դասարանի ծրագրով նախատեսված «Վահան Տերյան» թեմայի շրջանակում «Երկիր Նաիրի» շարքը ուսումնասիրող աշակերտներին, բուհերի դիմորդներին և ուսանողներին:
LINGUISTIC AND PARALINGUISTIC PECULIARITIES OF BUSINESS PITCHES /
Authors: Chaloyan H.
Published: April 2022

Persuasive communication is the essence of a successful business. Within the scopes of business communication, business pitch, in its widest meaning, is an oral presentation of a unique concept, innovative idea, product, service with an intent to be sold to customers, get funding from potential investors, launch new collaborations, etc. The evolving culture of business pitching has become quite popular thanks to entrepreneurial investing reality shows, such as "Shark Tank", "Dragon‘s Den", etc. The analysis of pitching performances reveals that strategic use of linguistic and paralinguistic features can greatly impact the persuasion and decision-making process. The aim of the article is to highlight some of the main linguistic and paralinguistic peculiarities from mentioned famous realities.
Pengembangan sistem penjurian berbasis virtual pada senam artistik putra
Authors: Darmawan Agus , Soenyoto Tommy , Putri Dwi Tia , Kurniawan Wahyu Sholeh
Published: April 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah sistem kejuaraan berbasis virtual yang efektif dan efisien digunakan dalam cabang olahraga senam di masa pandemi covid-19. Metode penelitian menerapkan penelitian reseach and development. Subjek yang digunakan adalah sebanyak 29 Pengkab/Pengkot se-Jawa Tengah. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan sistem kompetisi senam artistik berbasis online. Berdasarkan hasil uji ahli, uji skala kecil dan uji skala besar menunjukkan sistem kompetisi yang dikembangkan dapat diterima dan digunakan untuk kejuaraan. Simpulan bahwa sistem kompetisi yang dikembangkan dapat efektif dan efisien digunakan dalam mengatasi minimnya kejuaraan dimasa pandemi.
Pengaruh permainan outdoor education dengan tingkat motivasi terhadap kebugaran jasmani siswa
Authors: Murdiono Ally Selamet , Saputra Yudha Munajat , Safari Indra
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah permainan outdoor education berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kebugaran siswa dengan tingkat motivasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan factorial 2x2, penelitian ini dilakukan di SDN 2 Jatimunggul Kecamatam Terisi Kabupaten Indramayu dengan sampel berjumlah 32 yang merupakan siswa kelas V dan VI SDN 2 Jatimunggul. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu uji two way anova dan uji tukey dengan bantuan aplikasi spss. Hasil temuan penelitian ini adalah permainan outdoor education berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kebugaran jasmani siswa, terdapat interaksi antara permainan outdoor education dan tingkat  motivasi terhadap kebugaran jasmani siswa, permainan outdoor education bebentengan lebih baik digunakan dari pada permainan pindah bom terhadap peningkatan kebugaran jasmani siswa pada kelompok motivasi tinggi, sedangkan pada kelompok motivasi rendah tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kedua permainan outdoor education terhadap peningkatan kebugaran jasmani siswa.
A Reflection on the Khasi Myth: Ka Meiramew (Mother Earth)
Authors: Nongdhar Mandalinia
Published: April 2022

This paper attempts to give a brief reflection of the concept of Ka Meiramew (Mother Earth) and myth of origin. It also discusses a strong cultural and philosophical tradition. There is also an awakening trend among the tribal scholars, to examine these value judgements in relation to the oral past. Although have a number of myths, this paper covers only one popular creation myth.
A Contingent Valuation Study of the Mawphlang Sacred Grove
Authors: Challam Daniel Ebor
Published: April 2022

This study is concerned with valuing the Sacred Grove in Mawphlang. The contingent valuation method has been used, to estimate the value of the Sacred Grove. The data comes from a primary survey on a sample carried out in December, 2017. The survey was designed to elicit the willingness to pay for formal protection of the grove. It is estimated that the mean Willingness to Pay for each individual is 376 Rupees per year. Aggregating over the population of Mawphlang block, this becomes almost 2.69crore Rupees per year. Further, the study also analyzes the determinants that influence an individual’s WTP, and the likelihood of such a payment taking place - Variables such as Gender, Education, and Household Expenditure are found to be significant contributing factors.
Approximation techniques for the computation of Hypergeometric-type functions
Authors: FRANK EVELYN
Published: April 2022

In this paper attempt has been made to construct new formulae, efficient algorithms and approximation techniques for rapid computation of hypergeometric type functions.
Water management to maximise farm income from irrigated dry crops -A field study in Tamil Nadu
Authors: ELUMALAI G , SUNDAR A
Published: April 2022

The field study is to evolve a suitable method/approach to 'maximise farm income' from irrigated dry crops that could be raised in an area under a Major Irrigation System in Tamil Nadu.

Availability of water for irrigation is a constraint here. Effective utilisation of this scarce resources. Num Methods is therefore essential. Optimal utilisation of this limited quantity of water will enable to spread the benefits to a larger group of people of the region.

Developing an 'optimal crop pattern' to achieve effective utilisation of the scarce resources is a pre-requisite to tap the full potential of the farm's for maximising the benefits. Evolving this optimal crop pattern' is possible" only with the adoption of a suitable optimization technique. Any optimization technique requires detailed and reliable information on resource requirements of different crop types. These basic information is not generally available for this study and is also difficult to acquire. With this limitation an attempt had been made here to evolve an 'optimal crop pattern'.
Structure of the oceanic mixed layer in western Bay of Bengal during MONEX
Authors: ANTO AF , SOMAYAJULU YK
Published: April 2022

Based 011 the hourly BT and six hourly CSTD data, collected from two stations in the western Bay of Bengal during July 1979, the diurnal variations of temperature in the oceanic mixed layer (OML) were analysed as a function of the prevailing surface layer conditions of the overlying atmosphere. Structure of O~[L, as delineated with respect to the diurnal variation of temperature with depth, revealed three sub-.layers : wave mixed, diurnal thermocline and transition layer. The first two sub-layers of OML showed immediate responses to the changes in surface meteorological forcings. Surface were mixing, convective activity and internal waves were found to be the main physical processes to effect the thickness of wave mixed, diurnal thermocline and transition layer respectively.
Evaluating the effect of Ginger Powder on Bilirubin, Creatinine, Urea and Uric Acid on Experimental Diabetic Wistar Rats in Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Maqsood Maryam , Naaz Saima , Bader Ul Ain Huma , Mushtaq Zunaira , Nasir Makia , Qamar Aiza
Published: April 2022

Today the world is dealing with rapidly increasing cases of diabetes mellitus especially type 2 diabetes which creates insulin resistance. Scientists are working with different nutraceuticals to cure this disease. Objective: Ginger plays an important role in different ailments such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, cancers, gastrointestinal functions, and diabetes mellitus. In the present study, ginger powder was analyzed for its anti-diabetic effect. The ginger powder was analyzed for its proximate composition. Methods: The bio-efficacy study was done on Alloxan-induced Wistar rats by feeding them ginger powder at three levels i.e. 1%, 3%, and 5% ginger powder for a period of 4 weeks. There were 4 groups (one was control and the other three getting different percentages of ginger powder), each containing 5 rats. The blood samples were collected at 0 days, 15th day, and 28th day. Blood sugar and insulin levels were measured. The data thus obtained was statistically analyzed to find out the level of significance. Results showed that glucose levels significantly decreased along with a significant increase in insulin levels. This research design concludes that ginger powder has positive effects in lowering blood sugar levels. Hence, the usage of ginger powder and ginger tea should be increased in diabetic patients to reduce hyperglycemia in diabetic patients and overcome high BSL levels in pre-diabetics. Conclusions: Results of this study concluded that in ginger powder 1.7 STD magnesium and 0.3 STD chromium are present. Moreover, this research study also declared that mean values of RFTs i.e. bilirubin, creatinine, urea, uric acid had a significant change in the G4 group as mean results of 0.591±0.032, 0.814±0.058, 0.814±0.058, 0.9508±0.051 respectively.
MORPHOLOGY OF CONDYLE- A RADIOGRAPHIC STUDY
Authors: Sakya Pranay Ratna , Nyachhyon Rinky , Pradhan Amita , Tamrakar Ratina , Acharya Sudeep
Published: April 2022

Background: Mandibular condyle has a variety of morphology. The changes in their shape and size has been attributed to ageing process, developmental abnormalities, distinct diseases, trauma, endocrine shock, radio therapy etc. Panoramic radiographs remain the easiest, safest and most cost-effective screening modality for temporomandibular joint abnormalities. The study aimed to assess the different shapes of condyles using orthopantomograms from the archives of the hospital data. The variations among the sexes and between the right and left sides of an individual were also determined.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at People’s Dental College and Hospital within the time period of 1 year (November 2019- November 2020). Orthopantomogram of patients falling within the inclusion criteria were studied.  The different shapes of condylar process were traced using marker pencil for both right and left sides. Data collected was entered in Microsoft Office Excel sheet 2013-- and calculated in SPSS version 24 and analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: Out of the 874 mandibular condyles of 437 patients, the most common was the oval shaped in both the right (275) and the left sides (277), followed by bird beak, diamond, flat and crooked finger respectively. The oval shaped condyle appeared to be predominant in both sexes. The flat shaped and diamond shaped condyle appeared to be a rarity.
Conclusions: The most common shape of condyle was found to be oval shape bilaterally and in both genders.  Least observed shapes of condyle were flat shape in female patients and diamond shape in male patients.
LINGUAL NERVE IN RELATION TO MANDIBULAR THIRD MOLAR REGION: A CADAVERIC STUDY
Authors: Chalise Usha , Kharbuja Rabita , Dhungel Shaligram , Bimb Kushal
Published: April 2022

Background: The lingual nerve is the terminal branch of the mandibular division of trigeminal nerve. The spatial relationship of lingual nerve to the mandibular alveolar crest varies widely. This variation can be among the gender, age, dental status and between the right and left side of the same sample. This study was aimed to determine the relationship of lingual nerve to mandibular third molar region.
Methods: An observational study was carried out from January 2021 to December 2021.The study sample was 15 cadavers including both right and left sides. The lingual nerve was exposed by dissecting the infra temporal region following the standard procedures of Cunninghams Manual of Dissection. The diameter of the lingual nerve, vertical and horizontal distance were measured. The results of all these measurements were tabulated and mean standard deviation were calculated using SPSS version 16.
Results: Out of 30 lingual nerves examined, the mean horizontal distance was 3.99 ± 0.96 mm, the mean vertical distance was 12.67 ± 1.76 mm while the diameter of the lingual nerve was 2.46 ± 0.54 mm.
Conclusions: The lingual nerve always lies in close proximity of alveolar bone and surgeons operating in this region need to be aware during any surgical interventions or any procedures in this region.  A thorough apprehension of the spatial location of the lingual nerve enable to lessen the lingual nerve injury.
Development of an endometriosis self-assessment tool for patient
Authors: Cho Hyun-Hee , Yoon Young-Sub
Published: April 2022

Objective This study aimed to develop and verify an endometriosis self-assessment tool (ESAT).Methods A non-experimental, descriptive, correlational study design was used. Candidate items were developed based on a conceptual framework constructed using the results of in-depth interviews and an integrative literature review. The construct validity of the developed tool was also examined. One-hundred and forty-two participants (117 patients with endometriosis and 25 patients without endometriosis) were included in the validity and reliability tests. The data were collected between August and December 2018. Nomological validity was verified based on significant correlations between the ESAT and the quality-of-life scores.Results A 21-item ESAT was developed, and its construct validity was supported. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that the tool consisted of four components (gastrointestinal symptoms, dysmenorrhea, usual symptoms, and the amount and characteristics of menstrual bleeding) with a variance of 61.6%. The variance in quality-of-life scores, as explained by the ESAT scores, was relatively high. Receiver operator characteristics curve analysis indicated that ESAT scores significantly differentiated endometriosis from non-endometriosis with fair discriminatory power at a cut-off score of 50 (sensitivity, 0.76; specificity, 0.72; area under the curve, >0.75; P<0.001). This means that patients with ESAT scores >50 points were more likely to have endometriosis. Thus, the reliability of the ESAT was confirmed.Conclusion The devised tool appears valid and reliable. This tool may allow women to determine their risk of endometriosis by distinguishing between normal and pathological menstruation-related symptoms.
Evaluation of mobile health applications for cervical cancer in the digital marketplace
Authors: Kanjak Jakkapop , Likitdee Naratassapol , Kietpeerakool Chumnan , Temtanakitpaisan Amornrat
Published: April 2022

Objective To assess the quality of mobile health (mHealth) applications (apps) for cervical cancer using the mobile app rating scale (MARS), APPLICATIONS scoring system, and app rating using specific statements.Methods We searched for cervical cancer apps on two major mobile operating systems (Google Play Store and Apple iTunes Store) in March 2021. Eligible apps were downloaded and assessed for quality by two independent reviewers using multimodal assessment tools.Results The overall quality of the MARS score was 2.61±0.795. The highest scoring app was “The American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) Management Guidelines” (3.98). Overall, apps scored highest in the functionality domain, followed by information, engagement, and aesthetics domains. The mean±standard deviation of the APPLICATIONS scoring system was 8.50±1.712. The highest-rated apps were “ASCCP Management Guidelines,” “The British Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (BSCCP),” and “Cervical Cancer Guide.” Apps scored the highest in the paid subscription and price domains. By contrast, apps scored poorly in the text search, literature, and subjective presentation domains. Concerning app content, many apps infrequently provided misconceptions regarding cervical cancer. The apps’ rating using specific statements was 7.81±4.562.Conclusion Overall, the apps analyzed using the MARS and APPLICATIONS scoring systems demonstrated above-average quality. However, there is a need to improve the essential information conveyed by these applications. Moreover, the assessment tools have influenced different app quality rating results, confirming the lack of standardized quality assessment tools for mHealth apps.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Herbal Effervescent Peningkat Imun Tubuh dan Produk Turunannya pada Masyarakat Cimahpar, Bogor, Jawa Barat
Authors: Afriani Kartini , Widiana Ika , Maulia Gina , Cahyotomo Anom , Mualim Ahmad Dzaky , Pratama Muhammad Ryan , Jauhar Nabil Sabah
Published: April 2022

Abstrak Pada masa pandemi saat ini masyarakat sangat perlu untuk menjaga kesehatan dan sistem imun tubuhnya. Selain itu, masyarakat juga terdampak secara ekonomi sehingga mempengaruhi tingkat pendapatan masyarakat secara umum. Untuk meningkatkan sistem imun tubuh masyarakat serta menstimulasi lahirnya wirausaha baru, pada Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) kali ini dilakukan pelatihan pembuatan herbal effervescent dan produk turunannya serta pembekalan kewirausahaan kepada masyarakat untuk menjalani usaha mikro kecil dan menengah (UMKM). Kegiatan PkM melalui tiga tahap, yaitu kegiatan survey, pelaksanaan, pemantauan dan evaluasi kegiatan. Adapun target luaran yang akan dicapai dari kegiatan PkM adalah (1) masyarakat memahami manfaat herbal untuk peningkat imun tubuh, keamanan pangan, hygiene dan sanitasi pangan; (2) masyarakat dapat membuat produk herbal effervescent dan produk herbal turunan lainnya yang bernilai jual; (3) masyarakat memiliki dasar-dasar untuk menjadi pelaku UMKM melalui penyampaian materi kewirausahaan sehingga produk yang mereka hasilkan dapat dipasarkan kepada masyarakat secara luas. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi, diperoleh hasil yang positif dari kegiatan PkM, masyarakat memiliki tingkat kepuasan dan minat yang tinggi terhadap kegiatan pelatihan, serta sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat saat ini.  Kata Kunci: Herbal; Jahe; Pengabdian; Masyarakat; UMKM
Pelatihan Pembuatan Produk Body Lotion Berbahan Dasar Susu Sapi Segar
Authors: Astuti Kurnia Widhi , Yuliana Eva , Nurhidayati Isna
Published: April 2022

Abstrak Kelurahan Kebon Pedes merupakan daerah penghasil susu murni di Kota Bogor. Ribuan liter susu segar dijual setiap harinya ke perusahaan penampung susu, namun terkadang mengalami surplus susu. Oleh karena itu dilakukan Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dalam bentuk pelatihan memproduksi produk berbahan dasar susu sapi segar, yaitu pembuatan body lotion. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang nilai tambah produk susu sapi segar sehingga mendorong kemandirian ekonomi masyakakat melalui produk olahan susu berbasis potensi daerah. Kegiatan pelatihan tersebut akan memberikan manfaat pada peningkatan nilai tambah susu sehingga surplus susu dapat teratasidan dapat meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat sekitar, khususnya warga yang tidak memiliki ternak sapi. Kegiatan ini juga dapat mendorong masyarakat untuk membentuk kelompok usaha sebagai produk usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah (UMKM) kelurahan Kebon Pedes. Kata kunci: body lotion; pelatihan; susu sapi segar, surplus susu
Pengembangan IKM Minyak Atsiri Pala di CV Putra Cinta Damai Desa Ciherang Kecamatan Caringin Kabupaten Bogor
Authors: Sirait Shinta Damerys , Rosalina Rosalina , Sirait Septilina Melati , Riswati Nur Indah
Published: April 2022

Abstrak Tanaman pala yang merupakan tanaman asli Indonesia telah banyak dikenal masyarakat karena kandungannya yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam industri makanan maupun minuman. Untuk wilayah Kabupaten Bogor, tanaman pala merupakan komoditas unggulan lokal perkebunan, sehingga banyak ditemukan khususnya di Desa Ciherang, Kecamatan Caringin. Di daerah ini terdapat satu Industri Kecil Menengah (IKM) yang mengolah tanaman pala, khususnya bagian buah, menjadi minyak atsiri yang banyak digunakan sebagai salah satu obat gosok herbal. Namun demikian, sisa daging buah pala yang digunakan dalam pengolahan minyak atsiri tidak dimanfaatkan dengan baik oleh warga sekitar dan hanya menjadi limbah padat untuk kemudian dibuang. Oleh karena itu, tim kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) Politeknik AKA Bogor memberikan pelatihan bagi warga sekitar IKM untuk dapat mengolah sisa daging buah pala menjadi produk olahan baru, contohnya jelly pala, yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomis buah pala tersebut dan mengurangi limbah padat. Selain itu, tim PkM ini juga membantu IKM Putra Cinta Damai yang menjadi lokasi kegiatan dengan memberikan rak pengering buah pala yang berguna untuk mempercepat pengeringan buah pala yang akan diolah. Kata kunci: limbah padat; pala; jelly; rak pengering Kata kunci: limbah padat; pala; jelly; rak pengering
Pelatihan Membuat Sabun Mandi dari Minyak Jelantah ke Anggota PKK Tajur Halang, Parung - Kab. Bogor
Authors: Rachmy Silvia , Widarsih Wiwi , Budikania Tri Sutanti , Rahman Arif
Published: April 2022

Abstrak Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk berbagi pengetahuan mengenai cara pengolahan minyak jelantah menjadi sabun cuci yang dapat digunakan untuk berbagi keperluan kepada anggota PKK di Tajur Halang, Parung, Kab. Bogor. sehingga nilai ekonomi minyak jelantah ini meningkat dan diharapkan dapat menambah sumber penghasilan bagi ibu-ibu PKK. Sebanyak 19 orang ibu-ibu PKK Tajur Halang mengikuti pelatihan ini dan berhasil membuat sabun dari minyak jelantah yang dapat digunakan untuk keperluan mencuci tangan dan pakaian. Kata kunci: Minyak jelantah; membuat sabun; sabun jelantah;  daur ulang; PKK
ÇEVRESEL, SOSYAL VE KURUMSAL YÖNETİM PERFORMANSININ FİNANSAL BAŞARISIZLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: ÖZDARAK Eylül , DEMİR Volkan
Published: April 2022

Finansal başarısızlık literatürde genellikle finansal oranların esas alındığı modeller ile ölçülmektedir. Halbuki işletmelerin süreklilikleri, finansal riskleri kadar finansal olmayan risklerini de kontrol edebilme yeteneklerine bağlıdır. Günümüzde işletmeler sürdürülebilirlik raporları yayınlayarak Çevresel, Sosyal ve Kurumsal Yönetim (ÇSKY) risklerini en aza indirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. ÇSKY kriterlerinin işletmelerin finansal sağlıklarını önemli ölçüde etkilediği görüşünden hareketle çalışmamızda sürdürülebilirlik raporları ile finansal başarısızlık arasındaki ilişki teorik çerçevede ele alınmaktadır. Finansal başarısızlığın hem finansal hem finansal olmayan temel belirleyicilerini saptamayı amaçlayan bu araştırma, sürdürülebilir bir ekonomi modelinin inşası için ÇSKY raporlaması alanındaki farkındalığı artırmanın yanı sıra standart koyucu otoriteler ve gelecek araştırmalar için alandaki eksikliğe dikkat çekmeye çalışmaktadır.
Sobre la Evolución del Gasto Público en América Latina y su Papel para la Estabilización Económica
Authors: Ruiz del Castillo Ramiro
Published: April 2022

En este artículo se buscará caracterizar la relación entre el gasto público, el gasto social (y sus diversos componentes) y la volatilidad en América Latina en las últimas décadas, aspecto no desarrollado aún en la literatura, donde los análisis son básicamente agregados. La fuente de información corresponde a la CEPAL (Naciones Unidas). Los diversos análisis empíricos realizados muestran que el gasto público social tiende a ser más procíclico que el gasto público total, en particular para los componentes de Educación y Vivienda. Luego se presentarán diferentes recomendaciones para reducir la volatilidad vía instrumentos de política social.
La crisis, la estabilización automática y el Pacto de Estabilidad
Authors: Creel Jérome , Saraceno Francesco
Published: April 2022

This paper develops a comprehensive description of recent trends on the effectiveness of automatic stabilisers in the European Union, using both macro evidence on the cyclical sensitivity of budget deficits to economic activity and micro evidence on the tax and expenditure profi les. We conclude that there is increasing evidence of the declining importance of the automatic stabilisation. This points to a fundamental contradiction in the European Stability and Growth Pact, that relies almost exclusively on automatic stabilisation for the conduct of fi scal policy, We also argue, on the basis of past experience, that further increasing market fl exibility does not seem a viable path to reduce aggregate fluctuations. The paper concludes by highlighting the complex relation between discretionary policies and automatic stabilisation.
Integración regional: ¿crecimiento económico mediante la diversificación de las exportaciones?
Authors: Mordecki Pupko Gabriela , Piaggio Talice Matías
Published: April 2022

This paper analyses the determinants of Uruguayan manufactured exports without agricultural inputs to Argentina and Brazil (where they are principally destined). This was studied through a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) including these exports to both countries, external demand and bilateral real exchange rates. The empirical analysis suggests that the external demand is the only determinant of this type of exports to the region, according to this model. This means that these exports depend only on Argentina and Brazil growth. Competitiveness seems not to be an important determinant for the performance of these exports to our neighbors.
Las variables comerciales y las "reversiones" de cuenta corriente: ¿La elección de la defi nición importa? Una aplicación para los países de América Latina
Authors: Barone Sergio , Descalzi Ricardo , Díaz Cafferata Alberto M.
Published: April 2022

This paper demonstrates that the choice between alternative definitions of current account reversal suggested in the literature does matter for the identification of the frequency and dating of reversals. Using variables suggested by the solvency hypothesis three models of a random effect probity are estimated, and the results are compared to highlight the role of the statistical identification of “reversal” used in the exercise. Growth, exports, and changes in terms of trade, are significant, and have the expected signs. The results highlight both the critical role of trade variables in the genesis of reversals and that the choice of definition matters for the sign and significance of determinants.
Entrevista a Carlos Daniel Heymann
Authors: De Pablo Juan Carlos
Published: April 2022

Carlos Daniel (but for everybody, Daniel) Heymann was born in Buenos Aires on December 30, 1949. He holds a degree in economics, and also in physics from Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), and a PhD in economics from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). He teaches at the UBA, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and Universidad San Andrés. He taught at Universidad Nacional del Sur and in Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, also taught courses at Universidad Autónoma of Mexico, at UCLA and Lund (Sweden). Between the mid-1970s and 2010 he served in the office that the Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA) has in Buenos Aires. Since October 2001 he is member of the National Academy of Economic Sciences (ANCE). He has authored or edited eight books and several dozen papers published both at home and abroad. A full CV is available on www.iiep-baires.econ.uba.ar
Las tarifas endógenas en un modelo de agencia común: Un nuevo enfoque empírico aplicado a la India
Authors: Cadot Olivier , Dutoit Laure , Grether Jean-Marie , Olarreaga Marcelo
Published: April 2022

This paper proposes a new method to test the Grossman-Helpman model of endogenous protection and lobby formation, which does not require data on lobby formation or contributions. It identifies politically organized industries using commonly available trade and production data, as well as the model's structural parameter estimates. Applied to India, it yields results that are qualitatively consistent with the model's predictions and that seem quantitatively more plausible than estimates given for the US by alternative methods. Our estimates imply that the weight put by the Indian government on contributions by politically organized sectors is a third of the weight it puts on (gross) social welfare, well above existing estimates for the United States.
Electoral effects of intergovernmental fiscal transfers: An application to local elections in the province of Cordoba, 1995-2011
Authors: Freille Sebastián , Capello Marcelo
Published: April 2022

We examine the impact of decentralized public policy in the form of intergovernmental fiscal transfers on local election outcomes –the probability of reelection. We assemble a new and unique dataset recording every local executive election in the period 1995-2011 and examine the electoral effect of various types of intergovernmental fiscal transfers. We find that the odds of reelecting local incumbents are increasing in the incumbency dummies for both major parties. Local governments which receive a positive discretionary transfer from the provincial government have also associated higher odds of being reelected. The probability of reelection is also increasing in the difference in the vote share between the winner and the runner-up in the previous election. Finally, we find evidence that the amount of discretionary transfers per capita affect positively the probability of reelection only in those governments aligned with the provincial government. Our results are robust to controlling for other potential explanatory variables.
Una radiografía del endeudamiento argentino. Implicancias del caso con Holdouts
Authors: Devalle Sofía
Published: April 2022

In recent months he has retaken public attention the issue of the holdouts (the Argentine bondholders who did not accept the debt restructuring proposed by the government in 2005 and 2010), following the ruling of Federal Judge in the District Court in the United States by the Southern District of New York, Thomas Griesa, in favor of a group of creditors of bonds that did not enter the last two restructurings District. In this framework in addition to analyzing the possible implications that this failure has on the private sector in Argentina, it is important to contextualize the problem of holdouts. To do this, then a description of the panorama of the Argentine debt is done, making a review of past, present, and future prospects.
Felicidad y Economía. Una Descripción de los Efectos Recíprocos entre Indicadores Subjetivos y Objetivos de Bienestar
Authors: Caravaggio Leonardo A.
Published: April 2022

Money makes you happy. Or is it vice versa? The present work is an attempt to identify, for Latin America, if economic growth (measured by Gross Domestic Product) as a well-being´sobjective indicator, affects subjective indicators of well-being (happiness). Or, on the contrary, are these subjective indicators that predict (may be because they determine) the behavior of GDP. On that propose, data on Latin America for the years 1995-2010 had been taken, including both types of indicators (objective and subjective). To avoid a model that imposes a certain direction of causality, an Autoregressive Vector methodology had been chosen, and to preserve the intra-country effects, a Panel model. That is, the methodology used is Panel-VAR. Evidence suggests that these relationships exists and manifest predominantly more strongly in the direction from the subjective to objective variable (except in the case of crisis). The subjective indicator anticipates (Wiener-Grangers cause) the objective indicator.It is also possible to identify differences between happiness and expectations.
Políticas de Articulación Productiva y Cooperación Interorganizacional. Lecciones a partir de la experiencia argentina
Authors: Matta Andrés , Etchegorry Ana Cristina , Magnano María Cecilia , Orchansky Carolina
Published: April 2022

During the last decade, different policies have been developed in Argentina aimed at promoting "productive articulation" by increasing cooperation between firms. This article performs a meta-analysis of its design and execution from six national and provincial programs implemented in the province of Córdoba. Four dimensions are considered for this: consistency between theoretical principles and design; the levels of complexity of the promoted structures; its scale and territorial coverage and its governance mechanisms.
LANGUAGE IDENTIFICATION PROCESSES OF THE YOUTH
Authors: Baimyrza A.
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the role of the Russian language in the processes of language identification of students. The results of the sociolinguistic survey, the main objectives of which were determined based on the need to obtain information on the following aspects of the language situation: the degree of knowledge of the youth in the state, Russian and other languages; the level and nature of social preferences in relation to the use of languages in various spheres of life; the nature of social and language preferences of the young population. The review of theoretical works of Kazakhstan and foreign scientists on this subject is given. The conclusions of the study noted the significant role of the Russian language in the formation of linguistic identity, which is due not only to historical realities, in particular, the language policy conducted for a long time, as well as the conscious choice of language. The conducted studies prove that language proficiency and its use are a factor of socialization of young people and determine the style of human interaction with their social environment.
THE STATUS OF THE LETTERS У, I IN KAZAKH LINGUISTICS
Authors: Jumabayeva J. T.
Published: April 2022

This article discusses the use of the letters y, i in oral and written communication. In general, in Kazakh linguistics, the frequency of occurrence of the letter y denoting a deaf, non-muffled sound is in the third place, and the frequency of occurrence of the letter i is in the eighth place. The letters y, i are found in all positions of the word: ygak, yrim, ykylas; kyran, musylman, zhumys; tary, tasy, kyrmyzy; isker, ismer, izgilik; kirispe, korik, minber; kuishi, negizi, tatti.. Despite the fact that these letters are found in all positions, opinions about the spelling of the letters y, i are different. A number of researchers claim that the letters y, i can be unwritten if they do not affect the meaning of the word, and some scientists support the spelling of the letters у, i with complete preservation. In particular, in some words, the spelling of the letters у, i with complete preservation, and in some words, the reduction of the sounds у, i requires clarification and analysis based on language data. Because in the modern practice of writing, the letters y, i are different. For example, in the words.
ETHNOLINGUISTIC FEATURES OF HISTORICAL AND MODERN PSEUDONYMS
Authors: Seytbatkal A. B.
Published: April 2022

The article touches upon the tradition of assigning Kazakh nicknames. The study will consider the nicknames of the khans-sultans, leaders, scientists, as well as the nicknames of contemporary art and sports figures. According to these stages, the reasons for the use of nicknames, motives and pragmatics, the continuity of traditions are determined. Attention new research in the field of nicknames, one of the branches of Kazakh anthroponymy. This will contribute to the revival of ethnolinguistic, historical and phonosemantic research in the field of onomastics. The study used comparative historical, descriptive methods. The lexical and semantic similarities of historical and modern nicknames, the continuity of traditions and historicity are revealed. Nicknames from ethnonyms and euphemisms are described as a special group of nicknames. It turned out that the origin of nicknames dates back to antiquity and is directly related to social structures. The research results can be used in ethnography, cultural linguistics and sociolinguistic research. The fact that nicknames are more common among men than among women is explained by the national mentality, as well as from the point of view of the national and human social structure. Attention is also paid to the role of the individual and society in the tradition of Kazakh nicknames. The place and function of nicknames in society are compared from the point of view of different eras. As a result, the lexico-semantic, pragmatic features and continuity of each era in nicknames were identified.
Kan netwerkanalyse tot betere herindelingsvoorstellen leiden?
Authors: Brouwer Diederik
Published: April 2022

Kan netwerkanalyse tot betere herindelingsvoorstellen leiden?

Na het aantreden van Rutte II heeft de bestuurlijke opschaling van gemeenten en provincies twintig maanden lang op de agenda gestaan. Zoals bekend hebben de plannen van het kabinet de eindstreep niet gehaald. Vooral bij de meest betrokken provincies bestond er kritiek op het ontbreken van een visie en onderbouwing. In dit artikel wordt onderzocht in hoeverre een netwerkanalyse van het verplaatsingsgedrag daarin zou kunnen voorzien. Voor een volgende ronde, die zich mogelijk al snel weer aandient. De uitkomsten van verschillende algoritmes voor netwerkanalyse worden vergeleken. Het begrip daily urban system, gekoppeld aan welvaartstheoretische inzichten (Tordoir), dient als inhoudelijke leidraad. Netwerkanalyse blijkt zakelijke argumenten op te leveren die behulpzaam kunnen zijn bij het trekken van (nieuwe) bestuurlijke grenzen, ook al zullen deze om verschillende redenen nooit alleenzaligmakend zijn.
DÍVIDA PÚBLICA E CRESCIMENTO ECONÔMICO NO BRASIL
Authors: Lechner da Silva Ágatha , Afonso António , Ricardo de Brito Gadelha Sérgio
Published: April 2022

Neste estudo fornecemos novas evidências sobre a relação entre a dívida pública e o crescimento econômico no Brasil. Foram aplicados testes de causalidade de Granger, em análises multivariadas e bivariadas usando Vetor de Correção de Erros (VEC) e modelos Autorregressivos de Defasagens Distribuídas (ARDL). Utilizaram-se dados mensais entre janeiro de 1998 a novembro de 2019. Considerou-se a interação entre outras variáveis ​​como juros, inflação, câmbio, Índice de Emerging Market Bond Index Plus (Embi +) e superávit primário. As conclusões são: Dívida e crescimento do PIB têm uma relação de causalidade de Granger bidirecional. A dívida pode melhorar o crescimento no curto prazo e se tornar prejudicial no longo prazo. A taxa de crescimento do PIB sempre reduz a dívida, tanto no curto quanto no longo prazo. A dinâmica entre dívida e crescimento no longo prazo é influenciada pela interação com a taxa de inflação, a taxa de câmbio e Embi+.
Nível Neutro do Serviço da Dívida Externa dos Estados
Authors: Brochado Acauã , Soares Luduvice Felipe , Bosco Amaral Júnior João , Dantas Silveira Cruz Itanielson
Published: April 2022

É comum a noção de que o endividamento externo é mais arriscado do que a captação no próprio país. Imagina-se que um “alto” endividamento externo tende a gerar problemas fiscais em eventos de desvalorização cambial. Mas qual seria esse nível “alto”? Existe algum nível de dívida externa que não gera problemas fiscais e risco de insolvência? Este trabalho deriva o serviço de dívida cambial, em percentual da receita, que é neutro com relação a variações cambiais e estima esse nível neutro para os estados do Brasil. O nível neutro é calculado em função de parâmetros de crescimento do PIB, elasticidade da receita, pass-through cambial à inflação e percentual de vinculação das receitas dos estados. Conclui-se que o nível de dívida cambial máximo que é imune a desvalorizações é de cerca de 20% da receita do estado e que a maioria deles está abaixo desse nível.
Efeito não linear do endividamento público sobre o crescimento econômico: Uma análise para países emergentes
Authors: Silva Chicoli Rai
Published: April 2022

Após a crise de 2008, houve um processo de contínua deterioração nos indicadores de endividamento em diversos países emergentes. Como observado na literatura, esta deterioração pode ter efeitos negativos sobre o crescimento econômico, seja via aumento dos juros reais ou via aumento da incerteza futura. Com base nestes problemas, o presente trabalho procura analisar o efeito do endividamento público sobre o crescimento econômico para um grupo de 36 países emergentes para o período de 1990 a 2017. Como forma de estimação utilizamos o Método Generalizado de Momentos com variáveis instrumentais para tratar o problema de endogeneidade existente entre endividamento e crescimento econômico.

Como resultado, encontramos que o endividamento possui um efeito não linear, no formato de U invertido, sobre o de crescimento um e cinco anos à frente, sendo que o ponto de reversão, isto é, o ponto em que o efeito do endividamento sobre crescimento é máximo, se encontra entre 40-60 % do PIB, valores significativamente inferiores ao observado para países desenvolvidos. Além disso, realizamos uma série de testes de robustez que corroboraram tanto este efeito não linear do endividamento sobre o crescimento econômico quanto o ponto de reversão.

Por fim, ainda observamos que para países com níveis maiores de democracia, o ponto de reversão é superior em comparação a países com baixos níveis de democracia e para países em que o investimento público é elevado, a relação entre endividamento e crescimento econômico é positiva, isto é, maior endividamento leva a maior crescimento econômico.
Resiliência Financeira Governamental: Evidências nos Estados Brasileiros
Authors: Pereira Batista Andre
Published: April 2022

A resiliência financeira governamental é definida como a capacidade dos governos em antecipar, absorver e reagir a choques que afetam suas finanças ao longo do tempo, sendo entendida como uma combinação dinâmica entre os choques financeiros, os fatores de vulnerabilidade, a capacidade de antecipação e a capacidade de enfrentamento às crises. Esse estudo teve por objetivo verificar a associação entre essas dimensões, evidenciando em que medida os fatores de vulnerabilidade e a capacidade de antecipação influenciaram a capacidade de enfrentamento dos estados brasileiros no período 2007-2016. Para tanto, foram selecionadas proxies para representar as dimensões da resiliência financeira governamental. Admitindo-se as hipóteses de que os fatores de vulnerabilidade e a capacidade de antecipação influenciam a capacidade de enfrentamento dos estados brasileiros, os resultados mostraram associação significativa entre as dimensões da resiliência e confirmaram parcialmente as hipóteses de pesquisa. Desta forma, olhar as finanças governamentais sob a perspectiva da resiliência pode fornecer aos entes federativos evidências sobre as vulnerabilidades que precisam ser gerenciadas com vistas ao desenvolvimento da capacidade de antecipação e da capacidade de enfrentamento aos impactos financeiros decorrentes de crises e instabilidades econômicas.