bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Van bölgesinde çocukluk çağı artritlerinin tanısal dağılımı
Authors: BALLI Haci , ECE İbrahim
Published: July 2020

Amaç: Artrit, sıklıkla eklemleri tutan ve eklemde şişlik, ağrı, ısı artışı, kızarıklık ve eklemde fonksiyon kaybına neden olabilen eklem inflamasyonudur. Çocuklarda artrite birçok hastalık neden olabilir. Bu hastalıklar enfeksiyöz, romatizmal, hematolojik veya ortopedik hastalıklar olabilir. Çalışmamızda pediatri polikliniklerimizde artrit tanısı konulan çocukların tanısal dağılımının retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Dursun Odabaş Tıp Merkezi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Çocuk polikliniklerine Ocak 2010-Eylül 2013 tarihleri arasında artrit tanısı alan 340 olgu retrospektif olarak incelendi.Bulgular: Artritle başvuran hastalar tanılara göre sıralandığında, Akut Romatizmal Ateş (%38,5), Brusellozis (%27,6) ve Henöch Schönlein Purpurası (%24,7) en sık görülen nedenlerdi.Sonuç: Çalışmamızda ARA artriti, brusella artriti ve HSP artriti en sık görülen hastalıklar olarak dikkat çekmiştir. Pastörize süt ve süt ürünleri kullanımının arttırılmasının bölgemizdeki brusella artriti oranlarını azaltabileceğini düşünmekteyiz. Sonuçlarımızın çok merkezli ve yeterli sayıda çalışmalarla desteklenmesi gerektiğini düşünüyoruz
Murottal Surah Ar-Rahman and Aromatheraphy Lavender (Lavendula Augustfolia) Inhalation to Decrease Labor Pain on First Stage Active Phase
Authors: Azizah Nurul , Rosyidah Rafhani , Destiana Evi
Published: July 2020

Childbirth is a natural process and causes pain, but many mothers can not resist the pain because it is influenced by stress. The study using non-phamacological pain relief therapy with aromatherapy which is believed to reduce pain and the aims to compare between murotal Al-Qur'an Surat Ar-rahman therapy and inhalation of lavender aromatherapy to reduce the intensity of labor pain when first active phase.The research design used Quasi Experimental with Non-equivalent Control Group Design method and using pretest - posttest. The population of the first phase active labor mothers in RB Nuril Masrukha Candi Sidoarjo. The technique sampling used Consecutive sampling. Data collected by observing 2 groups of labor mothers: 30 respondents listened to surah Ar-Rahman murottal and 30 respondents inhaled Lavender Aromatherapy. In both of groups, the pretest was given before treatment, then posttest was done after treatment using observation sheet assessment of pain scale with behavioral observation (FLACC behavioral scale). Data analysis using Independent Sample T-Test with a significance level α = 0.05. The results showed that the difference in pain score reduction in lavender aromatherapy inhalation was 3.26 ± 0.25, whereas in the murottal group of the Ar-Rahman Surah mean decrease in pain score was 2.62 ± 0.057 with P value <0.001, that showed a significant relationship.The conclusion is inhalation of aromatherapy lavender (Lavendula Augustfolia) and murottal surah Ar-Rahman can reduce intensity of labor pain during the first active phase, but inhalation group of aromatherapy lavender has a greater pain reduction score than murottal surah Ar-Rahman group.
Effects of the physical and social environment on youth cognitive performance
Authors: Meredith Wesley J , Cardenas-Iniguez Carlos , Berman Marc , Rosenberg Monica D.
Published: July 2020

Individual differences in children’s cognitive abilities impact life and health outcomes. What factors influence these individual differences during development? Here we test whether children’s environments predict cognitive performance, independent of well- characterized socioeconomic effects. We analyzed data from 9002 9–10-year-olds from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, an ongoing longitudinal study with community samples across the U.S.A. Using youth- and caregiver-report questionnaires and national database registries (e.g., neighborhood crime, walkability), we defined principal components summarizing children’s home, school, neighborhood, and cultural environments. In two independent samples (ns = 3475, 5527), environmental components explained unique variance in children’s general cognitive ability, executive functioning, and learning/memory abilities. Furthermore, increased neighborhood enrichment was associated with a decreased relationship between sociodemographics and general cognitive abilities. Thus, the environment explains unique variance in cognitive performance in development and should be considered alongside sociodemographic factors to understand brain functioning and behavior.
Early Caregiving Adversity Differentially Shapes Behavioral Sensitivity to Reward and Risk during Decision-Making
Authors: Guassi Moreira Joao F , Méndez Leal Adriana Sofia , Waizman Yael Haya , Saragosa-Harris Natalie Marie , Ninova Emilia , Silvers Jennifer A
Published: July 2020

Cognitive systems that track, update, and utilize information about reward (consequences) and risk (uncertainty) are critical for adaptive decision-making as well as everyday functioning and wellbeing. However, little is known about what shapes individual differences in reward and risk sensitivity, independent of each other, during decision-making. Here, we investigate the impact of early life experience—a potent sculptor of development—on behavioral sensitivity to reward and risk. We administered a widely used decision-making paradigm to 62 adolescents and young adults exposed to early life adversity in the form of institutional orphanage care and 81 comparison individuals. Leveraging random coefficient regression and computational modeling, we observed that previously institutionalized individuals displayed general reward hyposensitivity, contributing to a decreased propensity for adaptive decision-making relative to comparison individuals (e.g., when prospective rewards are high). By contrast, group differences in risk sensitivity were selectively observed on loss, but not gain, trials. These results are the first to independently and explicitly link early experiences to reward and risk sensitivity during decision-making. As such, they lay the groundwork for therapeutic efforts to identify and treat adversity-exposed individuals at risk for psychiatric disorders characterized by aberrant decision-making processes.
Thermodynamic similar indicator diagrams of the heat engines Energy non-dimensional diagram of the heat engine closed cycle
Authors: Kalnitskiy F. E , Morozov D. L , Tatarov M. G , Fedulov A. I
Published: July 2020

To provide an analysis of the thermodynamic processes occurring in a heat engine and its efficiency the indicator diagrams are used. The diagrams are constructed in the dimensional values of the parameters of the working fluid: volume, entropy, pressure, temperature, and other parameters. Exceptions include, for example, experimental studies and thermodynamic calculations performed, when designing a Laval nozzle for jet engines. These studies are based on the Similarity Theory. The paper shows graphoanalytical calculation of the efficiency of the idealized cycle of a heat engine in dimensionless working body parameters. Research methods using dimensionless parameters - similarity criteria are a characteristic feature of the Similarity Theory. In addition to the dimensionless indicator diagram, an energy dimensionless diagram of a circular closed loop of a heat engine was developed and described. The energy diagram depicts the thermodynamic processes of the exchange of heat and mechanical work between the working fluid and the environment in the dimensionless coordinates of heat and mechanical work. It is shown in the paper that the use of an energy dimensionless diagram is the simplest and most obvious graphoanalytical method for determining the efficiency of a heat engine. With regard to the analysis of the operation of a heat engine, the importance of using the Similarity Theory is determined by the fact that the only analytical, graphic or experimental study of a heat-specific engine with the least difficulties can be extended to the study of an infinite number of thermodynamically similar engines. For example, in the proposed work, the dimensionless calculation of the idealized Otto engine cycle is performed.
Pengetahuan Siswa Tentang Bantuan Hidup Dasar (BHD) Dengan Motivasi Menolong Korban Henti Jantung Pada Pelajar SMA
Authors: Syaiful Syaiful , Dahlan Dahlan , Larasati Rachel , Martiningsih Martiningsih
Published: July 2020

Basic life support is emergency action for free your breath, help breathing and maintaining blood circulation without using aids. Basic life support knowledge (BLS) is knowledge and skills. Knowing the theory itself without practice makes motivation to be helpful and mentally untrained when actually dealing with real events. The aims of this study was to know the relation student knowledge of basic life support (BLS) with the motivation of helping victims of cardiac arrest at senior high school 02 in bima city on 2019. Design was used in this research was corelational. with cross sectional design. Sampling techniques using cluster sampling with 38 sample respondents. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. data analyzed using spearman rank test with significant level (α = 0.05). The results showed that students’ knowledge of BLS was mostly good with a percentage of 63,8 % and motivation to help victims of cardiac arrest was mostly high a percentage of 60,5 %. The results of data were analyzed by correlation test using spearman rank obtained a value of p = value α = 0,05. Because the value of p = 0.000 <value  α =  0.05, then means that H0is rejected and  Ha is accepted. There is a relationship between students' knowledge about basic life assistance (BLS) and the motivation to help victims of cardiac arrest at SMAN 02 Kota Bima.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Rebusan Seledri terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah pada Penderita Hipertensi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Cenggu Tahun 2018
Authors: Nurwahidah Nurwahidah , Jubair Jubair
Published: July 2020

Hipertensi disebut silent killer karena sifatnya asimtomatik. Masalah penelitian ini masih tingginya angka penderita hipertensi, oleh karena itu diperlukan tindakan selain farmakologi juga non farmakologis salah satunya adalah pemberian Air rebusan seledri agar dapat menekan peningkatan tekanan darah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh Air rebusan seledri terhadap penurunan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik pada penderita Hipertensi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas cenggu. Metode yang digunakan pendekatan True Experiment dengan rancangan pre test dan post test. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 16 orang terdiri dari dua kelompok yakni kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol, dengan tekhnik Purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada perbedaan nilai tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik sebelum, pada hari pertama dan hari kedua setelah pemberian Air Rebusan Seledri dengan nilai signifikansi p<0,05. Ada pengaruh yang signifikan Pemberian Air Rebusan Seledri terhadap penurunan Tekanan darah Penderita Hipertensi.
GROWTH OF AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) JUVENILES FED GRADED LEVELS OF ROASTED RICE CHAFF AS ENERGY SOURCE
Authors: Dan-kishiya Ahmed Salihu , Ekpenwa C. C.
Published: July 2020

The high cost of Maize as energy source in fish feed has necessitated the need to search for low cost and locally available indigenous sources. A six months feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of replacing maize with roasted rice chaff as a dietary energy source on the growth of juveniles of Clarias gariepinus using Completely Randomized block Design with five different treatments. The fishes were subjected to five different inclusion levels of roasted rice chaff meal (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). The trial was conducted in a 50litres plastic bowl with replicates and feeding was done initially at 3% body weight, but the quantity of feeds was adjusted based on the new weight gain. The measurements of the fishes were carried out biweekly according to standard methods and procedures. The Roasted rice chaff meal (RRCM) contains 5.93% crude protein, 14.53% crude fibre, 0.92% moisture content, while Ash content, crude lipid and carbohydrates had 19.98%, 3.28% and 55.36% respectively. Fishes fed 100% RRCM recorded the best growth performance in body weight (435.10 ± 20.60gm), total length (45.30 ± 0.70cm), Specific growth rate (1.44 ± 0.01), Feed Conversion Ratio (2.50 ± 0.04) and Feed Intake (92.00 ± 3.40). While the least growth ware observed in 0% RRCM. However, all the physico-chemical parameters measured are within the recommended range for fish culture. Therefore, the result obtained shows that roasted rice chaff can replace maize as a source of energy in Clarias gariepinus.juveniles diets without any negative effect.
ANALYSIS OF HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC DATA OF SOME PARTS OF BENUE TROUGH, NIGERIA
Authors: Usman Nuraddeen , Jibril Ibrahim
Published: July 2020

This work is aimed to determine the depth to basement of some magnetic sources in the study area. Four aeromagnetic sheets were acquired from the Nigerian Geological Survey Agency which includes (Bajoga, 131, Gulani, 132, Gombe, 152 and Wuyo, 153). The study area covers an estimated area of about 12100km2 between latitude 90N-110N and longitude 110E-130E. The total magnetic field of the study area have been evaluated. In order to determine the basement depth, spectral analysis technique was applied. Detailed analysis of the aeromagnetic data for the study area was performed. The procedure involved in the analysis include reduction to equator to remove the effect of inclination, contouring of the total magnetic intensity, separation of the regional and residual anomalies using polynomial fitting of first order, qualitative interpretation and quantitative interpretation. The residual field of the study area composes of low magnetic anomalies reaching a minimum value of -158.6nT as observed in the northern and southern parts and high magnetic anomalies reaching a maximum value of 178.1nT as observed in the western part of the study area. The result from the spectral analysis for each block shows that the depths to the magnetic source are 5.20Km for block 1, 5.74Km for block 2, 7.59Km for block 3 and 3.56Km for block 4. The average depth to magnetic source in the study area was found to be 5.52Km. Based on the computed average sedimentary thickness obtained in this study area, hydrocarbon accumulation in the study area is feasible.
IN VITRO SENSITIVITY PROFILES OF ENTERIC BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH DIARRHEIC PATIENTS WITHIN KATSINA METROPOLIS, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Odewade Joseph , Fasogbon Albert , Onyekachi Felix
Published: July 2020

Diarrheal disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity across the globe. However, there is little information on the prevalence and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of microbes associated with diarrheic patients within Katsina Metropolis, Nigeria, hence, the need for this study. Forty (40) stool samples were collected from Federal Medical Center, Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria. Isolation and identification of the bacteria from the stool samples were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotics sensitivity testing was carried out on all the bacterial isolates using disk diffusion method. Seventeen (17) bacterial isolates were isolated from three different genera. These include: Escherichia coli (58.82%), Salmonella typhi (29.41%) and Shigella dysenteriae (11.77%). The results of antibiotics sensitivity test showed a high (100%) resistance to amoxicillin, 70.59% resistance to streptomycin, 41.18% resistance to nalixidic acid and least (17.65%) resistance to imipenem. Multi drug resistant Escherichia coli and Shigella species were also detected. The high level of antibiotic resistance among bacterial isolates obtained from stool samples of diarrheic patients is quite alarming and requires urgent public health attention. Hence, further studies are required for the molecular detection of the resistant genes in these bacteria.
EFFECT OF TRANSPLANTING METHODS, NP- FERTILIZER RATES ON CANOPY WIDTH OF FEMALE DATE PALM (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L.) OFFSHOOT
Authors: Isyaku M. S. , Yakubu Haruna , Muhammad A. M. , Hamza A. M. , Zamfara M. I.
Published: July 2020

Studies on the effect of transplanting methods and NP – fertilizer rates on canopy width of a female date palm offshoot have been conducted over a period of 25 months (September, 2017 – September 2019). The trial was sited at the Date Palm Research Sub – station/ Federal University Dutse (11o50’N, 09o25’E) in the Sudan Savanna ecological zone of Nigeria. The treatments consisted of two transplanting methods (Direct: detachment of offshoot from the parent palm and directly transplanting into the field, and Indirect: detachment of offshoot from the parent palm and keeping in the nursery for 3 months before transplanting into the field) and five NP fertilizer rates Control (0g N + 0g P), 80g N + 40g P, 160g N + 80g P, 240g N +120g P and 320g N + 160g P) arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Canopy width was measured and recorded at three months’ interval starting from September, 2017 to September 2019. Indirect transplanting of date palm through nursery proved more effective than direct transplanting as it produces statistically wider canopies in all the sampled periods. Rate 320g N +160g P statistically outperformed other rates in promoting wider canopies throughout the sampling periods. A combination of indirect transplanting method with rate 320g N +160g P that produced wider canopies is recommended for adoption  in the Sudan Savannah ecological zone of Nigeria.
DFT COMPUTATION OF THE BAND STRUCTURE AND DENSITY OF STATE FOR ZnO HALITE STRUCTURE USING FHI-aims CODE.
Authors: Adamu M. A. , Lawal K. , Lawal K. , Saminu A.
Published: July 2020

This research work is on Density Functional Theory (DFT) within Local Density Approximation as parameterised by Perdew and Wang (pw-lda).The calculation was performed using Fritz Haber Institute Ab-initio Molecular Simulations (FHI-aims) code based on numerical atomic-centered orbital basis sets. The electronic band structure, density of state (DOS) and band gap energy were calculated for ZnO compound. The band structure and Density of States (DOS) diagrams are plotted from the calculated equilibrium lattice parameters. The experimentally lattice constant values were used to calculate the minimum total energy. The calculated electronic band structure results show that ZnO (Halite) is an indirect semiconductor with energy band gap of 0.89 eV. Hence, the HOMO is -0.863382 eV at L_symmetry point and LUMO is 0.0239417 eV at ᴦ- point. The DOS energy level within the compound shows considerable high state of electron occupation and the DOS observed around the Fermi level at zero level indicate that it has conducting properties. In general, FHI-aims code has shown better accuracy and prediction of band structure calculation within reasonable computational methods.
The Enigma of Erasmus' Conficiendarum epistolarum formula
Authors: Henderson Judith Rice
Published: July 2020

Le mystère de la Conficiendarum epistolarum formula d'Érasme

Des recherches récentes ont contribué à établir l'histoire de la publication et l'authenticité de la Brevissima maximeque compendiaria conficiendarum epistolarum formula attribuée à Érasme (Bâle? Adam Petri? 1519-20?), mais sa place dans l'histoire de la composition de l'Opus de conscribendis epistolis (Bâle : Johann Froben, 1522) reste un mystère. La Formula peut se comparer au traité terminé d'Érasme sur l'art épistolaire et à deux premières versions antérieures: celle de 1499-1500, publiée comme édition pirate sous le titre de Libellus de conscribendis epistolis (Cambridge: John Siberch, 1521) et celle de 1505-6, largement citée dans la Syntaxis de Johannes Despauterius (Paris: Josse Bade, 1509). Cette comparaison suggère que la Formula est une collection de notes prises par Érasme après juillet 1501, quand il révisait son traité pour répondre à deux ouvrages récents: les écrits d'Angelo Poliziano, comprenant, pour la première fois, un recueil de sa correspondance (juillet 1498), et l'editio princeps des Epistolimaioi charaktéres attribué à Libanius (juillet 1501). La Formula montre Érasme aux prises avec les problèmes soulevés par la controverse de Cicéron. En défense de sa propre rhétorique de l'art épistolaire contre le néo-classicisme extrême, Érasme progresse vers l'équilibre entre l'ars médiéval et l'imitatio classique qu'il atteindra dans l'Opus de conscribendis epistolis.
We can't help feeding the monster: the social handling of uncertainty in an environment of high-risk and fast-paced change
Authors: Haugen Øyvind R. , Preil Jens
Published: July 2020

In this article the authors present a case study that they conducted in the research and development organisation of a global pharmaceutical company. The aim of the study was to explore the social handling of uncertainty in a business environment characterised by high-risk and fast-paced change. The authors present a new methodological approach in which they combine grounded theory and depth hermeneutic analysis to gain access to the social reality of the organisation. The creation of work role identities and social imaginaries were the two main variables emerging from the data. The authors discuss how certain coping strategies against anxiety and emotional distress affect the design and execution of work processes. Furthermore, they explore to what extent social-scientific research methods can be applied to study the unique observations and interpretations made by the organisation's members, and how this knowledge can inform the development of organisations and management of change processes.
DUX4r, ZNF384r and PAX5-P80R mutated B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia frequently undergo monocytic switch
Authors: Michaela Novakova  , Marketa Zaliova  , Karel Fiser  , Barbora Vakrmanova  , Lucie Slamova  , Alena Musilova  , Monika Brüggemann  , Matthias Ritgen  , Eva Fronkova  , Tomas Kalina  , Jan Stary  , Lucie Winkowska  , Peter Svec  , Alexandra Kolenova  , Jan Stuchly  , Jan Zuna  , Jan Trka  , Ondrej Hrusak  , Ester Mejstrikova
Published: July 2020

Recently, we described B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) subtype with early switch to the monocytic lineage and loss of the B-cell immunophenotype, including CD19 expression. Thus far, the genetic background has remained unknown. Among 726 children consecutively diagnosed with BCP-ALL, 8% patients experienced switch detectable by flow cytometry (FC). Using exome and RNA sequencing, switch was found to positively correlate with three different genetic subtypes: PAX5-P80R mutation (5 cases with switch out of 5), rearranged DUX4 (DUX4r; 30 cases of 41) and rearranged ZNF384 (ZNF384r; 4 cases of 10). Expression profiles or phenotypic patterns correlated with genotypes, but within each genotype they could not identify cases who subsequently switched. If switching was not taken into account, the B-cell-oriented FC assessment underestimated the minimal residual disease level. For patients with PAX5-P80R, a discordance between FC-determined and PCR-determined MRD was found on day 15, resulting from a rapid loss of the B-cell phenotype. Discordance on day 33 was observed in all the DUX4r, PAX5-P80R and ZNF384r subtypes. Importantly, despite the substantial phenotypic changes, possibly even challenging the appropriateness of BCP-ALL therapy, the monocytic switch was not associated with a higher incidence of relapse and poorer prognosis in patients undergoing standard ALL treatment.
Algunos retos de la nueva normalidad de la cultura institucional contemporánea
Authors: Cebrián Sergio Ramos
Published: July 2020

El legado cultural que llega a la actualidad es una suerte de Institución cultural inventada en la modernidad, con una impronta acentuadamente vertical y burocrática, que la convierte en muchos aspectos en una especie de bunker inexpugnable y conservador, que se ha consolidado a lo largo de siglos de políticas públicas (Foucault. Michel 2004) (Bourdieu, Pierre 2014) (Yúdice, George; Miller, Toby 2004). La lógica dominante de las Instituciones culturales públicas es posible que dure mucho tiempo. La gestión del amplio Patrimonio Cultural no puede pasar a una lógica horizontal de la noche a la mañana. Alguien podría decir que existe demasiado capital simbólico cultural institucional acumulado para jugárselo todo en un Decreto ministerial que abra las puertas de las instituciones culturales de par en par. Pero el Estado Social y democrático de Derecho aporta una lógica que presenta un reto a las políticas culturales contemporáneas, de apertura democrática, que tiene mucho recorrido, y que de desarrollarse aportaría cambios significativos en la concepción institucional de la cultura, asignatura pendiente para las políticas culturales contemporáneas, si se quieren democráticas.
KEBIJAKAN PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN DI KOTA BATAM MELALUI PENDIDIKAN GUNA MEMPERCEPAT PENCAPAIAN MDG’s
Authors: Pratiwi Diah Ayu
Published: July 2020

The development of human capital through education is one of the requirements for the creation of poverty reduction. During the development of education in Batam has been done efforts development and relevance of education in accordance with the development goals of science and technology and the needs of the labor market, with the national education system running and also the target of international commitments in the field of education. However, education development indicators in Batam are still low.The purpose of this study is to identify poverty and how it relates to education and reduce poverty and accelerate the achievement of the MDGs. The research method used in this research uses qualitative method to explore poverty and education development in Batam. Survey documents relating to educational and psychological development in Batam became an important source of data in this study.The results of this study indicate that based on the achievement of Gross Participated on Education (APM/APK) and the average years of education in Batam have reached the target according to MDG's, but the number of illiterates in Batam is still high. Educational development brings with it the inequality of education among various community groups in Batam according to the income they earn. Keywords: development education, poverty, and hinterland Pembangunan modal manusia melalui pendidikan merupakan salah satu syarat terciptanya penurunan kemiskinan. Selama ini pembangunan bidang pendidikan di Kota Batam telah dilakukan upaya pengembangan dan relevansi pendidikan sesuai dengan tujuan perkembangan IPTEK dan kebutuhan pasar kerja, dengan sistem pendidikan nasional yang berjalan dan juga sasaran komitmen-komitmen internasional dibidang pendidikan. Namun, indicator pembangunan pendidikan di Kota Batam masih rendah.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi kemiskinan dan bagaimana kaitannya antara pembangunan pendidikan dan upaya mengurangi kemiskinan, guna mempercepat pencapaian MDG’s. penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif untuk mengeksplorasi kemiskinan dan pembangunan pendidikan di Kota Batam. Dokumen yang terkait pengembangan pendidikan dan psikologi di Kota Batam menjadi data penting dalam penelitian ini.Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa pembangunan pendidikan yang didasarkan pada pencapaian APK/APM dan rata-rata lama tahun pendidikan di Kota Batam telah mencapai sasaran menurut MDG’s, namun jumlah buta aksara di Kota Batam masih tinggi. Pembangunan pendidikan membawa serta ketimpangan pendidikan diantara berbagai kelompok masyarakat di Kota Batam menurut pendapatan yang mereka peroleh. Kata Kunci: pembangunan pendidikan, kemiskinan, hinterland
EVALUASI PELAKSANAAN RENCANA PEMBANGUNAN JANGKA MENENGAH DAERAH (RPJMD) BIDANG URUSAN PEKERJAAN UMUM KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN ANAMBAS, PROVINSI KEPULAUAN RIAU
Authors: Lestari Linayati , Rini Dian Mustika , Dwiyanti Nova
Published: July 2020

Tulisan ini berisi hasil penelitian mengenai pembangunan daerah sebagai bagian intergral dari pembangunan Nasional dilaksanakan berdasarkan prinsip otonomi daerah dan pengaturan sumber daya Nasional untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat di Provinsi Kepulauan Riau khususnya di Kabupaten Kepulauan Anambas. Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah adalah Rencana pembangunan daerah berdurasi 5 tahun yang didalamnya terdapat penjabaran visi misi pemerintahan daerah. RPJMD Kabupaten Kepulauan Anambas Tahun 2011-2015 sudah dilaksanakan sesuai dengan program-program atau kegiatan yang ditelah direncanakan oleh seluruh Organisasi Pemerintah Daerah (OPD) Kabupaten Kepulauan Anambas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah mengetahui capaian dari RPJMD kepulauan Anambas di Tahun 2011-2015. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah Efektivitas, Efisiensi, Perataan, dan Responsivitas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan ini diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa sesuai dengan alat analisis yaitu, indikator Efektivitas, Efiensi, Kecukupan, Perataan, responsivitas dan Ketepatan rencana pembangunan jangka menengah daerah bidang urusan pekerjaan umum belum terlaksanakan sepenuhnya oleh dinas pekerjaan umum penataan ruang dan pemukiman kawasan karena kendala-kendala yang ada. Maka dapat disimpulkan dalam penelitian ini bahwa evaluasi pelaksanaan dari Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah Bidang Urusan Pekerjaan Umum Kabupaten Kepulauan Anambas ini masih belum berjalan dengan semestinya karena terdapat beberapa kendala dari faktor dana yang tidak mencukupi untuk membiayai semua perencanaan, lokasi dan kondisi alam yang kurang mendukung dan juga sumber daya manusia yang masih belum cakap atas program atau kegiatan tersebut.
MENEROPONG SMART CITY KOTA JAMBI DARI PERSPEKTIF KEBERLANJUTAN DAN POLA PENGEMBANGAN KAMPUNG BANTAR
Authors: Yuelsa Bela Hafizoh
Published: July 2020

Program kampung bantar Kota Jambi berhasil mendapatkan prestasi dan pengakuan secara internasional yang mewujudkan Kota Jambi sebagai smart city. Namun ditengah keberhasilan pemeritah tersebut terdapat beberapa permasalahan Kota serta tantangan yang dihadapi oleh pemerintah sejalan dengan perkembangan industri yang menjadi isu negara dunia yakni era revolusi industri 4.0. Tulisan ini berfokus pada permasalahan perkotaan dan tantangan yang dihadapi Kota Jambi dalam mewujudkan smart city dibalik kesuksesannya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Penelitian ini juga membutuhkan data primer diperoleh dari  wawancara mendalam dengan beberapa narasumber sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari berbagai dokumen pemerintah daerah Kota Jambi yang dapat mendukung penelitian ini. Dalam menganalisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif yakni data yang terkumpul akan dikategorisasi, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif hingga diperoleh kesimpulan berupa permasalahan Kota dan tantangan apa saja yang dihadapi oleh Kota Jambi dalam mewujudkan smart city. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan berbagai permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh pemerintah Kota Jambi dan tantangan yang paling utama adalah pembangunan sumber daya manusia baik aparatur pemerintah maupun masyarakat yang berkualitas demi mewujudkan smart city, namun dibalik itu semua smart city Kota Jambi mampu menunjukkan eksistensinya sebagai potensi dalam menyelesaikan masalah perkotaan di Kota Jambi.
ANALISIS KINERJA APARAT KELURAHAN DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN PEMERINTAHAN DI KELURAHAN BENGKONG LAUT KECAMATAN BENGKONG KOTA BATAM
Authors: Indrawati Indrawati , Lestari Linayati
Published: July 2020

Kelurahan adalah wilayah kerja lurah sebagai perangkat daerah kabupaten di bawah kecamatan yang berada di bawah dan bertanggung jawab kepada camat.Kelurahan mempunyai tugas dan fungsi melaksanakan kewenangan pemerintahan yang dilimpahkan oleh Camat serta melaksanakan tugas pemerintahan lainnya sesuai ketentuan perundangan yang berlaku. Hubungan kerja kecamatan dengan kelurahan bersifat hierarki. Pembentukan kelurahan ditujukan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan kelurahan secara berdayaguna, berhasilguna dan pelayanan terhadap masyarakat sesuai dengan tingkat perkembangan dan kemajuan pembangunan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana kinerja apparat pemerintahan di Kelurahan Bengkong Laut Kecamatan Bengkong Kota Batam. Sedangkan manfaat dari penelitian ini dalam bentuk skripsi diharapkan dapat dipergunakan untuk memenuhi syarat memperoleh gelar Sarjana Ilmu Pemerintahan pada Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Program Ilmu Pemerintahan Universitas Riau Kepulauan. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan Metode Deskriptif Kualitatif untuk melihat bagaimana kinerja aparat Pemerintah Kelurahan terhadap penyelenggaraan pemerintahan di Kelurahan Bengkong Laut Kecamatan Bengkong Kota Batam. Adapun Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kelurahan Bengkong Laut Kecamatan Bengkong Kota Batam, teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Observasi Partisipatif (Participant Observatioan) melalui Wawancara dan responden melalui Kuesioner. Hasil yang didapat dalam penelitian ini adalah melalui lima indikator atau variabel yang penulis gunakan didalam penelitian ini yaitu Produktifitas kerja, Tanggung Jawab, Disiplin, Kemampuan Sumber Daya, dan Motivasi, yang sangat berpengaruh didalam kinerja aparat Pemerintah Kelurahan terhadap penyelenggaraan pemerintahan di Kelurahan Bengkong Laut Kecamatan Bengkong Kota Batam tersebut adalah variabel Kemampuan sumber daya manusia, karena dengan Kemampuan sumber daya manusia yang telah di miliki oleh aparat Kelurahan Bengkong Laut tersebut, maka penyelenggaraan roda pemerintahan di Kelurahan Bengkong Laut bisa berjalan dengan baik.
SIX LECTURES ON THE PREVENTION OF ENCEPHALITIS EPIDEMICS IN SIBERIA
Authors: Goldfarb Lev
Published: July 2020

This review summarizes the work of large teams of researchers to prevent two separate encephalitis epidemics in Siberia. The first three lectures sum up an extensive effort to study and control the Tick-borne enceph-alitis (TBE) epidemic in the Kemerovo region of Western Siberia. The study has helped to create a mathematical model that details the TBE epidemic process and offers a quantitative approach to the development of strategies for preventing TBE epidemics. Ten-year effort to combat TBE in the Kemerovo region led to a significant and sustained reduction in TBE morbidity and mortality. Fifty years after completion of this work, the proposed strategy has not been tested in other endemic regions, although the incidence of TBE worldwide has almost doubled, taking hundreds of lives and causing disability in thousands. The second disease described here is Viliuisk encephalomyelitis (VEM), first discovered 150 years ago in a small rural population of Eastern Siberia. The disease later spread to densely populated areas of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), reaching epidemic proportions. The three lectures on VEM provide an overview of multi-year studies on clinical presentation, neuropathology, pathogenesis, etiology, and epidemiology of VEM. We report here for the first time how a prolonged hospitalization of VEM patients during the acute and subacute phases of the disease prevent-ed transmission to susceptible individuals in their families and communities, which has helped to put an end to the further spread of this deadly disease. VEM is a new example of a local disease that has spread to a large territory and could potentially invade other countries if left unchecked. This review is based on a series of lectures delivered to different audiences at different times. The purpose of combining discrete topics in a single review is to emphasize approaches to solving problems, to illustrate the main results of the fight against Siberian epidemics and, when possible, reflect on the individual contribution of each researcher.
IMPLEMENTASI ALAT PERAGA EDUKASI PIPLAS (PIPET PLASTIK) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN IPA PADA SISWA DI SMP NEGERI 1 GANGGA
Authors: Nurkhasanah Siti
Published: July 2020

The study aims to increase the understanding of gene concepts and inheritance by providing a more concrete representation of the genes. The design of this research uses the quantitative approach of experimentation. Subjects and objects of study are students of grade IX-5 SMP Negeri 1 Gangga, amounting to 29 not one person until a total of 28 people. This Piplas educational tool is very simple because it only makes use of plastic pipettes used by ice-drinking students. Usually plastic pipettes are used for crafting, but are used to provide a concrete representation of the genes. The results showed that most students are easier to understand the concept of genes, capable of making crosses easily so as to improve learning outcomes. Tests were given before learning obtained an average value of 30.79 and after learning obtained an average value of 69.4 an increase of 125.4%.
Comparison of Oscillation of Oxygenation in Skeletal Muscle Between Early and Late Phases in Prolonged Exercise
Authors: YANO T. , LIAN C.-S. , ARIMITSU T. , YAMANAKA R. , AFROUNDEH R. , SHIRAKAWA K. , YUNOKI T.
Published: July 2020

The aim of the present study was to compare the oscillations of oxygenation in skeletal muscle between early and late phases in prolonged exercise. During prolonged exercise at 60 % of peak oxygen uptake (V o2) for 60 min and at rest, oxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin (Hb/MbO2) and total Hb/Mb (THb/Mb) were determined by near-infrared spectroscopy in the vastus lateralis. Power spectra density (PSD) for the difference between Hb/MbO2 and THb/Mb (−HHb/MbO2: deoxygenation) was obtained by fast Fourier transform at rest, in the early phase (1-6 min) and in the late phase (55-60 min) in exercise. Peak PSD in the early phase was significantly higher than that at rest. There were at least three peaks of PSD in exercise. The highest peak was a band around 0.01 Hz, the next peak was a band around 0.04 Hz, and the lowest peak was a band around 0.06 Hz. PSD in the early phase was not significantly different from that in the late phase in exercise. Heart rate (HR) showed a continuous significant increase from 3 min in exercise until the end of exercise. Skin blood flow (SBF) around the early phase was significantly lower than that around the late phase. It was concluded that oscillation of oxygenation in the muscle oxygen system in the early phase is not different from that in the late phase in prolonged exercise despite cardiovascular drift.
INTRODUCTION OF GRASSES INTO TUSSOCK GRASSLANDS
Authors: Hall I.R.
Published: July 2020

This paper reviews the problem of introducing grasses into tussock grassland. The remarks will be of value to those who are contemplating oversowing grasses into tussock grassland. Where an extended grazing season, improved pasture quality or increased total yield of tussock grassland is required, cocksfoot and ryegrass is recommended to provide higher spring and autumn yields. However, this intended advantage is often reduced by poor establishment and/or survival (often less than 1%) particularly if attention is not paid to correct establishment techniques. The contribution of the oversown and resident grasses to total yields will vary, largely due to management practices. In addition on sites where adventive grasses like browntop are already present, there is little evidence to suggest that oversowing grasses will improve total yields or seasonal pasture productivity. This review illustrates that the introduction of grasses into tussock grasslands may not always give the benefits sought. Keywords: Oversowing, establishment, survival
TOWARDS 2000: FARMING AND POTENTIAL: CENTRAL OTAGO
Authors: Kelly J.
Published: July 2020

Central Otago is the driest, the coldest, as well as one of the hottest areas in New Zealand. Within Central Otago an enormous diversity of land use occurs. This ranges from intensive horticulture to extensive high country pastoral farming. Pastoral farming is perhaps best known for wool production, in particular merino wool. History tells us that sheep farming was profitable for many years and in 1871 Otago had 3.7 m sheep or about 4% of the national. Things were done on a grand scale in those early days. As an example, the woolshed on the Teviot run held 8,000 sheep and 40 shearing stands. History will also tell us that the Land Development Encouragement Loan Scheme (LDEL) and the Livestock Incentive Scheme (LIS) had an enormous impact on Central Otago. In Otago 195,000 ha of tussock country was oversown and topdressed and this accounted for 27% of the national total spent on LDEL. History will also tell us that 1985-86 was catastrophic financially for most pastoral farmers and the outlook for 1986-87 shows little improvement.
LIVESTOCK DIVERSIFICATION IN THE WAIKATO: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Dawson J.E.
Published: July 2020

Data indicating changes in the numbers of livestock and farmlng trends for the Waikato/Thames Valley region are presented. These data confirm the dominance of the dairy industry in this region. The expansion of deer (30% per year) and goat (90% per year) farming is shown to be above the national average. Data showing the importance and growth of the equine industry are also presented. Keywords: Pastoral, dairy, sheep, beef, goat, deer, equine.
RESULTS FROM THE SPRlNG 1986 BLOAT SURVEY: SOUTH AUCKLAND-WAIKATO
Authors: O'Connor M.D. , Ledgard S.F. , Carruthers V.R. , Upsdell M.P. , Feyter C. , Edmeades D.C.
Published: July 2020

A bloat survey of 312 North Island dairy farms carried out in spring 1986 by Ruakura staff showed that farms with moderate to severe bloat tended to have larger herds, higher stocking rates, a greater proportion of clover in pastures and higher soil potassium, levels (Carruthers et al. 1987). However, these 4 factors together accounted for only 22% of the variation in bloat severity between farms. In an attempt to highlight further factors important in bloat, a comparison was made of nil and severe bloat farms in South Auckland-Waikato.
RACECOURSE UNCERTAINTIES-THE PLANTS THAT COVER RACETRACKS
Authors: Field T.R. , Murphy J.W. , Hamlin A.J.
Published: July 2020

Vegetation surveys were carried out on 10 Central Districts and two northern racetracks. Tracks could be allotted to three groups according to the type of turf cover. classified mainly on the relative importance of ryegrass (Lolium species), Poa (Poa trivialis), browntop (Agrostis capillaris) and white clover (Trifolium repens): Type 1 (3 tracks) had swards consisting of about half Poa, one quarter ryegrass and 20% white clover; Type 2 (2 tracks) had about 30% ryegrass and Poa with substantial browntop, and Type 3 (7 tracks) had higher ryegrass contents (44.75%), intermediate Poa and little browntop. Unlike ryegrass, Poa is very intolerant of heavy wear, and therefore should be unwelcome on racetracks. Data gathered here indicate Poa presence is encouraged by high phosphate applications while ryegrass is stimulated by potassium applications and lower cutting heights. Appropriate fertiliser applications and lower cutting heights should move the botanical composition towards higher ryegrass contents. Keywords: ryegrass, Poa trivialis, browntop, white clover, fertilisers, mowing
VARIATION AMONG PERENNIAL RYEGRASS x TALL FESCUE PLANTS FROM TISSUE CULTURE
Authors: Scott A.G. , White D.W.R.
Published: July 2020

Tissue culture was used in an attempt to obtain a fertile perennial ryegrass x tall fescue hybrid. Regenerated hybrid plants were found to be morphologically variable and contain extensive chromosome rearrangements. Spontaneous chromosome doubling had occurred as well as chromosome elimination. though no fertile hybrid plants have been obtained to date. Keywords: somaclonal variation, Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, intergeneric hybrids
SOMACLONAL VARIATION IN RESISTANCE OF PERENNIAL RYEGRASS TO CROWN RUST
Authors: Skipp R.A. , White D.W.R.
Published: July 2020

Resistance of perennial ryegrass plants regenerated from tissue culture (somaclones) to crown rust (Puccinia coronata) was assessed in growth cabinet/glasshouse experiments. Somaclones regenerated from callus cultures initiated from the vegetative tissue of three different somaclonal parent plants were tested for resistance to crown rust collected from Palmerston North and Linwln. Most plants tested were highty resistant and their leaves developed small pale yellow flecks but showed little or no sporulation. However, a few large pustules did develop on leaves of some of the somaclones. Screening experiments with rust cultures initiated from each of three single pustules showed that somaclones varied in their reaction to crown rust. Within each group of somadones derived from a particular parent some were more susceptible. and some more resistant, than the parental genotype. Two of the somaclones obtained from one of the parent plants had very fine leaves similar to those of turf perennial ryegrass plants. Somactoning may provide an efficient technique for plant breeders to improve the crown rust resistance of both pasture and turf perennial ryegrasses. Keyword% Puccinia coronata, Lolium perenne, somaclones. tissue cutture, plant breeding, plant diseases.
CHANGING SEASONAL GROWTH OF PASPALUM PASTURES BY OVER-DRILLING RYEGRASS AND WHITE CLOVER CLOVER
Authors: Thorn E.R.
Published: July 2020

Volunteer summer-growing paspalum is often present in dairy pastures of northern New Zealand. When paspalum becomes the dominant grass winter/spring pasture production is reduced. This creates management problems on seasonal dairy farms because cow feed requirements and milkfat production are highest in winter/spring. This paper gives data from a current experiment at Ruakura Agricultural Research Station in which Roundup herbicide was used to provide a competitlon-free environment for the overdrilling of cool-season pasture species. Herbicide rates of 6, 4, 2 and 0 l/ha were applied in autumn 1965 before overdrilling a mixture of Ellett ryagrass and Grasslands Kopu white clover. A fifth treatment was the original pasture which was not sprayed or overdrilled. High rates (4-6 I/ha) of Roundup completely elimmated paspalum from the pasture and immediately reduced the white clover to a low proportion (less than 10% of dry matter). The sprayed and overdrilled pastures have remained ryegrass dominant over the duration of the experiment. In 1985 and 1966, winter/spring production from the new ryegrass dominant pastures were significantly better than from the original paspalum dominant pasture. The implications of the noticeable increase in paspalum in the renewed pastures are discussed. Keywords: pasture renewal, pasture renovation, Roundup herbicide, pasture botanical composition, seasonal pasture productlo".
ROLE OF IMPROVED CLOVERS IN NON-ARABLE PASTURE RENEWAL IN MID-CANTERBURY
Authors: Francis S.M. , Merrick N.C.
Published: July 2020

Trials under sheep and dairy cow grazing in mid Canterbury examined the effectiveness of mcludmg new white clover cultivars with ryegrass in a non-arable (spray, top-cultivate and drill) pasture renewal. Five weeks after sowing, 13% of white clover plants had originated from regrowing stolons in the sheep pasture; in dairy pasture the figure was over 50%. Initially including a white clover cultivar increased total dry matter yield. However after 3 years there was no difference in total dry matter yield from plots sown with ryegrass but no clover. 'Grasslands Kopu' white clover outproduced 'Grasslands Huia' by only 4% and 1% in dairy and sheep pastures respectively and had a slightly greater white clover content. Control plots initially had a lower clover percentage than the sown cultivars. but by the third year it tended to be greater. The greater average length of leaflets in Kopu plots indicated that the cultivar was present throughout both trials. It is suggested that the inclusion of white clover in non-arable pasture renewal wll give economic returns only if seed costs are low. Keywords: 'Grasslands Kopu'. 'Grasslands Huia', white clover, pasture renewal, irrigation