bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRODUKSI VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS DAN AMONIA (NH3) HIJAUAN PAKAN KAMBING SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Filasari Okta , Christiyanto Marry , Nuswantara Limbang Kustiawan , Pangestu Eko
Published: October 2019

This study aims to assess the value of forage nutrients commonly given as goat feed seen from the production of volatile fatty acids, Ammonia (NH3). The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of treatment of 8 types of forage feed ingredients with 3 replications. The production of NH3 in the feed ingredients of mango leaves, jackfruit leaves, banana leaves, lamtoro leaves, turi leaves, gamal leaves and kaliandra leaves is sufficient for optimal microbial synthesis. VFA production in mango leaf, jackfruit, banana leaves, turi leaves, gamal leaves, mahogany leaves, kaliandra leaves is sufficient for rumen cattle as the main energy source for basic life needs for growth.
LITERASI SAINS DAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DI ERA GLOBALISASI
Authors: Mukti Fajar Dwi
Published: October 2019

Era globalisasi memberikan dampak yang cukup luas dalam berbagai aspekkehidupan, terutama pada penyelenggaraan pendidikan, dimana sumber dayamanusia yang bermutu merupakan faktor penting dalam pembangunan di eraglobalisasi saat ini. Metode pada kajian ini adalah kajian literatur yang membahastentang pentingnya literasi sains dan pendidikan karakter di eraglobalisasi.Sehingga cara untuk bisa mengatasi berbagai persoalan yang terjadibaik persoalan politik, ekonomi, dan sosial, budaya serta masalah dekadensimoral dan intelektual khususnya dikalangan para pelajar, maka dibutuhkanpenguatan karakter SDM dan literasi sains siswa yang kuat berdasarkan padakarakter bangsa indonesia melalui berbagai jenis pendidikan (formal, informaldan non formal) serta pada berbagai jenjang pendidikan (mulai dari pendidikandasar, menengah, dan perpendidikan tinggi).
PENGEMBANGAN KECERDASAN SPIRITUAL ANAK MELALUI PEMBIASAAN SHOLAT DHUHA DI SD PANDEYAN
Authors: Wasini Wasini
Published: October 2019

Latar belakang masalah penelitian ini adalah masih rendahnyatingkat kedisiplinan dan ketertiban anak di sekolah disebabkan karenakurangnya tanggungjawab anak terhadap kegiatan yang mengarahkankedisiplinan misalnya shalat dhuha di sekolah. Oleh karena itu perluadanya penelitian mengenai pengembangan kecerdasan spiritual anakmelalui pembiasaan shalat. Tujuan penelitian ini diantaranya untuk: (1)mengetahui pelaksanaan pembiasaan shalat dhuha di SD Pandeyan, (2)mengetahui pengaruh pembiasaan shalat dhuha di SD Pandeyan terhadappengembangkan kecerdasan spiritual.Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dalambentuk penelitian lapangan (field research), karena peneliti berangkat kelapangan untuk mengadakan pengamatan. Sedangkan pengumpulan datayang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan angket.Adapun yang menjadi subyek penelitian ini adalah anak SD yangberjumlah 112 anak dan menggunakan 17 anak untuk sampel.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) pelaksanaanpembiasaan shalat dhuha di SD Pandeyan dilaksanakan setiap hari Selasa,Rabu dan Sabtu. Dilaksanakan pada pukul 07.30-08.00 WIB. Shalatdhuha yang dikerjakan adalah dua rakaat, dilaksanakan secara berjamaahyang dibimbing oleh Guru, bacaan shalat dilafadzkan secara bersama.Sebelum shalat dimulai, anak diajak untuk membuat kesepakatanbersama tentang bacaan surat pendek, ketertiban dan tanggungjawabdalam melaksanakan shalat serta sanksi bagi yang tidak tertib dan tidakdisiplin. Pengaruh dari pembiasaan shalat dhuha terhadap pengembangankecerdasan spiritual anak sangat baik. Kedisiplinan anak mengalamiperkembangan dari 18% menjadi 82,3%. Ketertiban sebelumnya 12%menjadi 65% dan tanggung jawab anak dalam menjalankan pembiasaanshalat dhuha juga mengalami perkembangan dari 18% menjadi 88%.
MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN PERILAKU BERAGAMA SISWA MI (STUDI LITERASI)
Authors: Muallifin Muhammad Fatkhan
Published: October 2019

Muhammad Fatkhan Muallifin. Meningkatkan Motivasi Dan Perilaku Beragama Siswa MI (Studi Literasi).Kurangnya motivasi beragama, membuat siswa kurang bertanggung jawab. Siswa hanya ingin mendapatkan nilai yang baik tanpa harus belajar dengan jalan mencontek. Hal ini perlunya meningkatkan motivasi dan perilaku beragama siswa agar dapat memiliki akhlaq yang baik tanpa harus melakukan perilaku yang keluar dari nilai-nilai agama. Bukan hanya dalam segi belajar namun juga beribadah di rumah maupun di madrasah. Oleh karena itu, peneliti mengangkat permasalahan yaitu: 1) Bagainama upaya MI untuk meningkatkan motivasi beragama pada siswa 2) Bagaimana cara MI dalam meningkatkan perilaku beragama pada siswa dan 3) Apa saja faktor-faktor pendukung dan penghambat yang dihadapi MI dalam meningkatkan motivasi dan perilaku beragama pada siswa.Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian studi literatur dengan menelaah  teori terkait meningkatkan motivasi dan perilaku beragama siswa MI.   Hasil   dari   berbagai   telaah literatur ini akan digunakan untuk mengidentifikas meningkatkan motivasi dan perilaku beragama siswa MI..Hasil analisis menunjukkan upaya dalam meningkatkan motivasi beragama siswa MI dapat diwujudkan dalam beberapa bentuk metode yaitu pemberian reward (hadiah), memberikan pujian, memberikan nilai tambah, sanksi atau hukuman, menciptakan persaingan sehat, menanamkan rasa tanggung jawab akan suatu kewajiban serta pendidikan karakter. Cara dalam meningkatkan perilaku beragama pada dimensi praktik agama diwujudkan dalam usaha utama yaitu pertama memasukkan ke dalam intrakulikuler, yang kedua pada program pendukung. Program pendukung dapat diklasifikasikan mejadi harian dan tahunan. Untuk kegiatan harian meliputi zikir setelah shalat wajib, do’a, shalat Dhuha, shalat Zhuhur dan Ashar, kelas baris (murajaah), qiraati, serta menutup aurat. Sedangkan kegiatan tahunan meliputi pesantren ramadhan, qurban, dan puasa. Terdapat 2 faktor yang mempengaruhi upaya sekolah dalam meningkatkan perilaku beragama yaitu faktor pendukung dan faktor penghambat. Untuk yang pertama faktor pendukung dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi dua faktor yaitu faktor sekolah dan faktor kerjasama dengan wali murid.  Untuk faktor sekolah meliputi peran serta warga sekolah, lingkungan madrasah, fasilitas dan sarana prasarana sekolah. Untuk faktor kerjasama dengan wali murid meliputi pertemuan wali murid, Buku Pemantauan Ramadhan serta tujuan yang sama semua pihak sekolah dan wali murid. Faktor kedua yaitu faktor penghambat dari upaya sekolah dalam meningkatkan perilaku beragama yang berasal dari kurangnya perhatian keluarga dan pergaulan negatif di lingkungan masyarakat.
KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL PESERTA DIDIK DI SD TAKHASSUS AL-QURAN KALIBEBER WONOSOBO
Authors: Sholina Ayu , Mukti Fajar Dwi
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini menyajikan tingkat kecerdasan emosional baik dari segi kemampuan interpersonal maupun intrapersonal peserta didik di SD Takhassus al-Quran Kalibeber Wonosobo. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori kecerdasan emosional dari Daniel Goleman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meneliti tingkat kecerdasan emosional peserta didik kelas VI B SD Takhassus Al-Quran Kalibeber Wonosobo. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode mixed method dengan model concurrent embedded design. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah skala kecerdasan emosional, observasi, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Tingkat kecerdasan emosional peserta didik kelas VI B SD Takhassus Al-Quran Kalibeber Wonosobo adalah sangat tinggi (63,33%), Hal ini dibuktikan dari hasil analisis yang telah peneliti lakukan.
Pengaruh Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT. JAEIL INDONESIA
Authors: Dwianto Agung Surya , Purnamasari Pupung , Tukini Tukini
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Compensation is a complicated and classic problem that has plagued the industrial world. As is known that the provision of appropriate compensation which given by the company, is one of the main factors that influence the improvement of employee performance. In Indonesia, the issue of providing compensation has been regulated in the labor law. The government in this case the Ministry of Manpower always emphasizes to all companies operating in Indonesia, in order to obey and implement all provisions regulated by law.

This research was conducted at a company located in Bekasi, precisely in Jababeka - Cikarang, which is at PT. Jaeil Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which compensation can increase employee performance, especially in the Production Department of PT. Jaeil Indonesia. This type of research is quantitative research, in which the objects in this study amounted to 40 employees of the Production Department of PT. Jaeil Indonesia. The analytical method used is a simple linear regression method. Meanwhile, data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 24.

The results of this study indicate that the value of R² is 0.486, meaning the percentage of the effect of compensation for employee performance is 48.6% while the rest is influenced by other variables not examined in this study. The results of the t test show that the value of t count is greater than the value of t table (5.146> 2.048). This shows that the hypothesis used in this study is accepted, that is there is an effect of giving compensation to the performance of employees in the Production Department of PT. Jaeil Indonesia, so companies need to pay attention to employees by adjusting the compensation with the workload they bear according to the prevailing laws and regulations.

Keywords: Compensation and employee performance
ANALISIS MODEL SISTEM ANTRIAN PADA PELAYANAN ADMINISTRASI
Authors: Ary Maxsi
Published: October 2019

Abstrak - Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis model sistem antrian yang digunakan pada bagian pelayanan administrasi kampus AMIK BSI Bandung. Analisa model sistem antrian memiliki pola kedatangan berdistribusi poisson, dan ukuran keefektifan sistem antrian menggunakan WinQSB. Model antrian pada pelayanan administrasi kampus menggunakan single channel single phase. Hasil analisis model sistem antrian menunjukkan bahwa tidak perlu penambahan petugas pelayanan dengan idle time lebih besar dari 83%. Model pola kedatangan berdistribusi poisson, ukuran keefektifan pelayanan administrasi 8,33% untuk rata-rata kedatangan 1, 16.67% untuk rata-rata kedatangan 2, dan 25% untuk rata-rata kedatangan 3, sedangkan asumsi rata-rata pelayanan adalah 12.

 

Abstract - The purpose of this research is to analyze the model of queuing system used in the administration of campus AMIK BSI Bandung. The queue system model analysis has a Poisson distributed arrival pattern, and the queue system's queue effectiveness uses WinQSB. Model queue on campus administration services using single channel single phase. The result of queuing system model analysis shows that there is no need for additional service officer with idle time greater than 83%. The model of arrival pattern is Poisson distributed administrative service effectiveness measure 8.33% for average arrival 1, 16.67% for arrival average 2, and 25% for arrival average 3, while the average service assumption is 12.
PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI DONOR DARAH BERBASIS WEB	PADA UNIT TRANSFUSI DARAH KABUPATEN SUMEDANG
Authors: Rachman Rizal
Published: October 2019

Abstrak - Unit transfusi darah Kabupaten Sumedang merupakan satu-satunya pemasok kebutuhan darah untuk dua bank darah rumah sakit. Unit transfusi darah Kabupaten Sumedang memiliki tugas menyelenggarakan, mengatur, memfasilitasi kegiatan donor, persediaan darah dan pendistribusian darah. Dalam pelaksanaan tugasnya terdapat beberapa permasalahan yang sering terjadi seperti pada proses pencatatan data sering terjadi kesalahan, kehilangan atau kerusakan data, besarnya biaya yang dibutuhkan dalam pembuatan formulir dan peralatan alat tulis kantor. Permasalahan yang timbul disebabkan karena sebagian proses belum sepenuhnya terkomputerisasi. Untuk itu, dibutuhkan sistem informasi donor darah yang dapat membantu petugas unit donor darah dalam menjalankan tugasnya. Sistem informasi donor darah ini dibuat menggunakan model waterfall yang mencakup analisis, desain, pengkodean dan pengujian. Web Sistem informasi donor darah dibuat dengan menggunakan frame work codeigniter, sedangkan untuk bahasa pemrogramannya menggunakan PHP, Javascipt, ­CSS dan penyimpanan basis data MySQL. Dari hasil penelitian yang dibuat dapat menjadi alat bantu bagi user dalam mengolah data dan transaksi, tingkat keakuratan data dan informasi lebih tinggi dan dapat meminimalisir pengeluaran biaya, data transaksi lebih aman dan mudah diakses karena sudah menggunakan sistem berbasis web yang terintegrasi dengan database yang terhubung ke jaringan internet.

 

Abstrak - Unit transfusi darah Kabupaten Sumedang merupakan satu-satunya pemasok kebutuhan darah untuk dua bank darah rumah sakit. Unit transfusi darah Kabupaten Sumedang memiliki tugas menyelenggarakan, mengatur, memfasilitasi kegiatan donor, persediaan darah dan pendistribusian darah. Dalam pelaksanaan tugasnya terdapat beberapa permasalahan yang sering terjadi seperti pada proses pencatatan data sering terjadi kesalahan, kehilangan atau kerusakan data, besarnya biaya yang dibutuhkan dalam pembuatan formulir dan peralatan alat tulis kantor. Permasalahan yang timbul disebabkan karena sebagian proses belum sepenuhnya terkomputerisasi. Untuk itu, dibutuhkan sistem informasi donor darah yang dapat membantu petugas unit donor darah dalam menjalankan tugasnya. Sistem informasi donor darah ini dibuat menggunakan model waterfall yang mencakup analisis, desain, pengkodean dan pengujian. Web Sistem informasi donor darah dibuat dengan menggunakan frame work codeigniter, sedangkan untuk bahasa pemrogramannya menggunakan PHP, Javascipt, ­CSS dan penyimpanan basis data MySQL. Dari hasil penelitian yang dibuat dapat menjadi alat bantu bagi user dalam mengolah data dan transaksi, tingkat keakuratan data dan informasi lebih tinggi dan dapat meminimalisir pengeluaran biaya, data transaksi lebih aman dan mudah diakses karena sudah menggunakan sistem berbasis web yang terintegrasi dengan database yang terhubung ke jaringan internet.
PENERAPAN SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE (SOA) GUNA MENINGKATKAN PELAYANAN MONITORING MAHASISWA BEASISWA DI PERGURUAN TINGGI BERBASIS WEB SERVICE
Authors: Muslih Muhamad , Hasanah Mutiara Islam
Published: October 2019

Abstrak - Dalam pemberian beasiswa ada berbagai peraturan yang harus dipenuhi oleh mahasiswa penerima beasiswa selama masa perkuliahan. Peraturan tersebut tertuang dalam surat peranjian program beasiswa, ketaatan terhadap peraturan tersebut akan selalu dievaluasi secara berkala, sehingga dapat yang menentukan status mahasiswa beasiswa. Proses monitoring mahasiswa program beasiswa Universitas Nusa Putra dilakukan secara konvensional dinilai kurang efektif. Sistem informasi monitoring mahasiswa program beasiswa yang terintegrasi merupakan salah satu solusi yang dapat membantu proses monitoring tersebut. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) yang digunakan pada sistem informasi tersebut memberikan agility dan reusability pada layanannya. Yang menjadi objek penelitian yaitu mahasiswa program beasiswa, bidang akademik dan kemahasiswaan di Universitas Nusa Putra. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian pengguna menyatakan 86% puas pada layanan monitoring beasiswa tersebut, dimana derajat keeratan 0.656 dari nilai korelasi variable X kepada Y yang berarti kuat. Sehingga melalui penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi terhadap pengguna untuk dapat meningkatkan salah satu pelayanan perguruan tinggi yang lebih baik.

 

Abstract - In giving scholarships, there are various regulations that must be met by scholarship recipients during the lecture period. The regulation is stated in the scholarship program agreement letter, compliance with these regulations will always be evaluated regularly, so that it can determine the status of scholarship students. The monitoring process of students at the Nusa Putra University scholarship program conducted conventionally is considered to be less effective. The monitoring information system of integrated scholarship program students is one solution that can help the monitoring process. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) used in the information system provides agility and reusability to the service. The objects of research are scholarship program students, academics and student affairs at the Nusa Putra University. Based on the test results, the user stated that 86% were satisfied with the scholarship monitoring service, where the degree of closeness was 0.656 from the correlation value of variable X to Y, which means strong. So that through this study contributing to users to be able to improve one of the better tertiary services.
La Mediación en Materia Penal. Un estudio exegético
Authors: Guillén López Raúl
Published: October 2019

SUMARIO: I. Planteamiento del tema. II Regulación de los medios alternos de solución de conflicto en las primeras constituciones. III. Resurgimiento de los medios alternos de solución de conflicto. IV. Indicadores que muestran la tendencia de incorporar la mediación en el marco legal. V. La mediación no es contraria a la constitución. VI. Hacia la incorporación de la mediación como garantía individual. VIII. Conclusiones. VIII. Bibliografía
Puntos de Revisión. Libertad, dignidad e inseguridad en la misma fosa
Authors: Pesqueira Ancheta Jorge
Published: October 2019

Es una realidad que, tanto funcionarios públicos como ciudadanos, debemos aceptar: estamos viviendo en una época de paranoia ante la muy en boga inseguridad, lo cual lleva a tomar medidas con tildes dictatoriales y por demás lesivas de derechos humanos. Sin ser excluyentes (es decir, no aceptando que sea el único derecho fundamental transgredido), este trabajo tratará lo anterior relacionado a la libertad de tránsito, consagrada básicamente por el artículo 11 de nuestra Constitución general, pero también por los diversos 14º y 16º, así como, además, por distintos instrumentos internacionales de derechos humanos.
Los Presupuestos Democráticos del Poder Constituyente
Authors: Rivera León Mauro Arturo
Published: October 2019

SUMARIO: I. Constitución y democracia .II. Reflexiones sobre el Poder Constituyente III. Poder Constituyente y Democracia IV. Bibliografía
MHD Stagnation Point Casson Nanofluid Flow over a Radially Stretching sheet
Authors: Narender G , Govardhan K , Sreedhar Sarma G
Published: October 2019

This article proposes the numerical model to investigate the impact of the radiation effects in the presence of heat generation/absorption and the magnetic field on the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) stagnation point flow past a radially stretching sheet using the Casson nanofluid. The non-linear partial differential equations describing the proposed flow problem are reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) via suitable similarity transformations. The shooting technique has been used to obtain the numerical results with the help of the computational program language FORTRAN. The effects of pertinent flow parameters on the non-dimensional velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are presented in tables and graphs. From the results, it has been remarked that the heat transfer rate escalates for the larger values of the radiation parameter for the Casson nanofluid.
Hubble Space Telescope Flux Calibration. I. STIS and CALSPEC
Authors: Bohlin Ralph C. , Deustua Susana E. , de Rosa Gisella
Published: November 2019

The precision of absolute flux measurements is quantified for the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS), which is the most important contributor to the CALSPEC standards. With our goal of 1% absolute accuracy, the documentation of the Hubble Space Telescope/CALSPEC flux scale and its subpercent repeatability are of prime importance. While the 1σ rms broadband repeatability for G140L is 0.7%, the other four STIS spectral modes show excellent photometric repeatability of 1σ = 0.2%. The custom data processing that is required to achieve these results is discussed in detail. In particular, the correction for the wide extraction heights required for the saturated Vega and Sirius data is found to vary with time, which results in revised spectral energy distributions that decrease by as much as 2.5% for Sirius and 2% for Vega at 1 μm.
Kojima-1Lb Is a Mildly Cold Neptune around the Brightest Microlensing Host Star
Authors: Fukui A. , Suzuki D. , Koshimoto N. , Bachelet E. , Vanmunster T. , Storey D. , Maehara H. , Yanagisawa K. , Yamada T. , Yonehara A. , Hirano T. , Bennett D. P. , Bozza V. , Mawet D. , Penny M. T. , Awiphan S. , Oksanen A. , Heintz T. M. , Oberst T. E. , Béjar V. J. S. , Casasayas-Barris N. , Chen G. , Crouzet N. , Hidalgo D. , Klagyivik P. , Murgas F. , Narita N. , Palle E. , Parviainen H. , Watanabe N. , Kusakabe N. , Mori M. , Terada Y. , Leon J. P. de , Hernandez A. , Luque R. , Monelli M. , Montañes-Rodriguez P. , Prieto-Arranz J. , Murata K. L. , Shugarov S. , Kubota Y. , Otsuki C. , Shionoya A. , Nishiumi T. , Nishide A. , Fukagawa M. , Onodera K. , Villanueva S. , Street R. A. , Tsapras Y. , Hundertmark M. , Kuzuhara M. , Fujita M. , Beichman C. , Beaulieu J.-P. , Alonso R. , Reichart D. E. , Kawai N. , Tamura M.
Published: October 2019

We report the analysis of additional multiband photometry and spectroscopy and new adaptive optics (AO) imaging of the nearby planetary microlensing event TCP J05074264+2447555 (Kojima-1), which was discovered toward the Galactic anticenter in 2017 (Nucita et al.). We confirm the planetary nature of the light-curve anomaly around the peak while finding no additional planetary feature in this event. We also confirm the presence of apparent blending flux and the absence of significant parallax signal reported in the literature. The AO image reveals no contaminating sources, making it most likely that the blending flux comes from the lens star. The measured multiband lens flux, combined with a constraint from the microlensing model, allows us to narrow down the previously unresolved mass and distance of the lens system. We find that the primary lens is a dwarf on the K/M boundary (0.581 ± 0.033 M
⊙) located at 505 ± 47 pc, and the companion (Kojima-1Lb) is a Neptune-mass planet (20.0 ± 2.0 M
⊕) with a semimajor axis of

au. This orbit is a few times smaller than those of typical microlensing planets and is comparable to the snow-line location at young ages. We calculate that the a priori detection probability of Kojima-1Lb is only ∼35%, which may imply that Neptunes are common around the snow line, as recently suggested by the transit and radial velocity techniques. The host star is the brightest among the microlensing planetary systems (K

s
= 13.7), offering a great opportunity to spectroscopically characterize this system, even with current facilities.
The Central Star of NGC 2346 as a Clue to Binary Evolution through the Common Envelope Phase
Authors: Gómez-Muñoz M. A. , Manchado A. , Bianchi L. , Manteiga M. , Vázquez R.
Published: November 2019

We present an analysis of the binary central star of the planetary nebula NGC 2346 based on archival data from the International Ultraviolet Explorer, and new low- and high-resolution optical spectra (3700–7300 Å). By including in the spectral analysis the contribution of both stellar and nebular continuum, we reconciled long-time discrepant UV and optical diagnostics and derive E(B–V) = 0.18 ± 0.01. We reclassified the companion star as A5IV by analyzing the wings of the Balmer absorption lines in the high-resolution (R = 67,000) optical spectra. Using the distance to the nebula of 1400 pc from Gaia DR2, we constructed a photoionization model based on abundances and line intensities derived from the low-resolution optical spectra, and obtained a temperature of T
eff = 130,000 K and a luminosity of L = 170 L
⊙ for the ionizing star, consistent with the UV continuum. This analysis allows us to better characterize the binary system’s evolution. We conclude that the progenitor star of NGC 2346 has experienced a common envelope phase, in which the companion star has accreted mass and evolved off the main-sequence.
Evolution of the Three-dimensional Shape of Passively Evolving and Star-forming Galaxies at z < 1
Authors: Satoh Yuki K. , Kajisawa Masaru , Himoto Kazuharu G.
Published: November 2019

Using the HST/ACS I
F814W-band data, we investigated the distribution of apparent axial ratios of ∼21,000 galaxies with M

V
 < −20 at 0.2 < z < 1.0 in the COSMOS field as a function of stellar mass, specific star formation rate (sSFR), and redshift. We statistically estimated intrinsic 3D shapes of these galaxies by fitting the axial-ratio distribution with triaxial ellipsoid models characterized by face-on (middle-to-long) and edge-on (short-to-long) axial ratios B/A and C/A. We found that the transition from thin disk to thick spheroid occurs at ΔMS ∼ −1 dex, i.e., 10 times lower sSFR than that of the main sequence for galaxies with M
star = 1010–1011
M
⊙ at 0.2 < z < 1.0. Furthermore, the intrinsic thickness (C/A) of passively evolving galaxies with M
star = 1010–1011
M
⊙ significantly decreases with time from C/A ∼ 0.40–0.50 at z ∼ 0.8 to C/A ∼ 0.33–0.37 at z ∼ 0.4, while those galaxies with M
star > 1011
M
⊙ have C/A ∼ 0.5 irrespective of redshift. On the other hand, star-forming galaxies on the main sequence with 109.5–1011
M
⊙ show no significant evolution in their shape at 0.2 < z < 1.0, but their thickness depends on stellar mass; more massive star-forming galaxies tend to have lower C/A (thinner shape) than low-mass ones. These results suggest that some fraction of star-forming galaxies with a thin disk, which started to appear around z ∼ 1, quench their star formation without violent morphological change, and these newly added quiescent galaxies with a relatively thin shape cause the significant evolution in the axial-ratio distribution of passively evolving galaxies with M
star < 1011
M
⊙ at z < 1.
Global 3D Hydrodynamic Modeling of In-transit Lyα Absorption of GJ 436b
Authors: Khodachenko M. L. , Shaikhislamov I. F. , Lammer H. , Berezutsky A. G. , Miroshnichenko I. B. , Rumenskikh M. S. , Kislyakova K. G. , Dwivedi N. K.
Published: October 2019

Using a global 3D, fully self-consistent, multifluid hydrodynamic model, we simulate the escaping upper atmosphere of the warm Neptune GJ 436b, driven by the stellar X-ray and ultraviolet (XUV) radiation impact and gravitational forces and interacting with the stellar wind. Under the typical parameters of XUV flux and stellar wind plasma expected for GJ 436, we calculate in-transit absorption in Lyα and find that it is produced mostly by energetic neutral atoms outside of the planetary Roche lobe, due to the resonant thermal line broadening. At the same time, the influence of radiation pressure has been shown to be insignificant. The modeled absorption is in good agreement with the observations and reveals such features as strong asymmetry between blue and red wings of the absorbed Lyα line profile, deep transit depth in the high-velocity blue part of the line reaching more than 70%, and the timing of early ingress. On the other hand, the model produces significantly deeper and longer egress than in observations, indicating that there might be other processes and factors, still not accounted for, that affect the interaction between the planetary escaping material and the stellar wind. At the same time, it is possible that the observational data, collected in different measurement campaigns, are affected by strong variations of the stellar wind parameters between the visits, and therefore they cannot be reproduced altogether with the single set of model parameters.
The Galilean Satellites Formed Slowly from Pebbles
Authors: Shibaike Yuhito , Ormel Chris W. , Ida Shigeru , Okuzumi Satoshi , Sasaki Takanori
Published: November 2019

It is generally accepted that the four major (Galilean) satellites formed out of the gas disk that accompanied Jupiter’s formation. However, understanding the specifics of the formation process is challenging, as both small particles (pebbles) and the satellites are subject to fast migration processes. Here we hypothesize a new scenario for the origin of the Galilean system, based on the capture of several planetesimal seeds and subsequent slow accretion of pebbles. To halt migration, we invoke an inner disk truncation radius, and other parameters are tuned for the model to match physical, dynamical, compositional, and structural constraints. In our scenario it is natural that Ganymede’s mass is determined by pebble isolation. Our slow pebble accretion scenario then reproduces the following characteristics: (1) the mass of all the Galilean satellites; (2) the orbits of Io, Europa, and Ganymede captured in mutual 2:1 mean motion resonances; (3) the ice mass fractions of all the Galilean satellites; and (4) the unique ice-rock partially differentiated Callisto and the complete differentiation of the other satellites. Our scenario is unique to simultaneously reproduce these disparate properties.
First Observation of the Solar Type III Burst Decay and Its Interpretation
Authors: Melnik V. N. , Konovalenko A. A. , Yerin S. M. , Bubnov I. M. , Brazhenko A. I. , Frantsuzenko A. V. , Dorovskyy V. V. , Shevchuk M. V. , Rucker H. O.
Published: November 2019

The decay of a Type III burst into two Type III bursts was registered during solar observations by GURT and URAN-2 radio telescopes on 2017 April 18. This was the first time such a phenomenon was observed. Newborn Type III bursts have drift rates smaller than that of a decaying Type III burst. Such decays of Type III bursts were predicted by a gas-dynamic theory of high-energy electron beams propagating through the thermal background plasma. In the frame of this theory Type III sources are beam-plasma structures moving with constant velocities. In our case the sum of velocities of newborn Type III sources equals the velocity of a decaying Type III source. The last one is 0.33c in the case of fundamental radio emission and 0.2c at the harmonic radio emission of a Type III burst. The density ratio of slow and fast newborn Type III sources is about 3.
Confirmation of Planet-mass Objects in Extragalactic Systems
Authors: Bhatiani Saloni , Dai Xinyu , Guerras Eduardo
Published: November 2019

Quasar microlensing serves as a unique probe of discrete objects within galaxies and galaxy clusters. Recent advancement of the technique shows that it can constrain planet-scale objects beyond our native galaxy by studying their induced microlensing signatures, the energy shift of emission lines originating in the vicinity of the black hole of high redshift background quasars. We employ this technique to exert effective constraints on the planet-mass object distribution within two additional lens systems, Q J0158−4325 (z

l
= 0.317) and SDSS J1004+4112 (z

l
= 0.68), using Chandra observations of the two gravitationally lensed quasars. The observed variations of the emission line peak energy can be explained as microlensing of the FeKα emission region induced by planet-mass microlenses. To corroborate this, we perform microlensing simulations to determine the probability of a caustic transiting the source region and compare this with the observed line shift rates. Our analysis yields constraints on the substellar population, with masses ranging from Moon (10−8
M
⊙) to Jupiter (10−3
M
⊙) sized bodies, within these galaxy or cluster scale structures, with total mass fractions of ∼3 × 10−4 and ∼1 × 10−4 with respect to halo mass for Q J0158−4325 and SDSS J1004+4112, respectively. Our analysis suggests that unbound planet-mass objects are universal in galaxies, and we surmise the objects to be either free-floating planets or primordial black holes. We present the first ever constraints on the substellar mass distribution in the intracluster light of a galaxy cluster. Our results provide the most stringent limit on the mass fraction of primordial black holes at the mass range.
Including Dust Coagulation in Hydrodynamic Models of Protoplanetary Disks: Dust Evolution in the Vicinity of a Jupiter-mass Planet
Authors: Dra̧żkowska Joanna , Li Shengtai , Birnstiel Til , Stammler Sebastian M. , Li Hui
Published: November 2019

Dust growth is often neglected when building models of protoplanetary disks due to its complexity and computational expense. However, it does play a major role in shaping the evolution of protoplanetary dust and planet formation. In this paper, we present a numerical model coupling 2D hydrodynamic evolution of a protoplanetary disk, including a Jupiter-mass planet, and dust coagulation. This is obtained by including multiple dust fluids in a single grid-based hydrodynamic simulation and solving the Smoluchowski equation for dust coagulation on top of solving for the hydrodynamic evolution. We find that fragmentation of dust aggregates trapped in a pressure bump outside of the planetary gap leads to an enhancement in the density of small grains. We compare the results obtained from the full-coagulation treatment to the commonly used, fixed-dust-size approach and to previously applied, less computationally intensive methods for including dust coagulation. We find that the full-coagulation results cannot be reproduced using the fixed-size treatment, but some can be mimicked using a relatively simple method for estimating the characteristic dust size in every grid cell.
Influence of Wolf–Rayet Stars on Surrounding Star-forming Molecular Clouds
Authors: Baug T. , Grijs Richard de , Dewangan L. K. , Herczeg Gregory J. , Ojha D. K. , Wang Ke , Deng Licai , Bhatt B. C.
Published: October 2019

We investigate the influence of Wolf–Rayet (W-R) stars on their surrounding star-forming molecular clouds. We study five regions containing W-R stars in the inner Galactic plane (l ∼ [14°–52°]), using multiwavelength data from near-infrared to radio wavelengths. Analysis of 13CO line data reveals that these W-R stars have developed gas-deficient cavities in addition to molecular shells with expansion velocities of a few kilometers per second. The pressure owing to stellar winds primarily drives these expanding shells and sweeps up the surrounding matter to distances of a few parsecs. The column densities of shells are enhanced by a minimum of 14% for one region to a maximum of 88% for another region with respect to the column densities within their central cavities. No active star formation—including molecular condensations, protostars, or ionized gas—is found inside the cavities, whereas such features are observed around the molecular shells. Although the expansion of ionized gas is considered an effective mechanism to trigger star formation, the dynamical ages of the H ii regions in our sample are generally not sufficiently long to do so efficiently. Overall, our results hint at the possible importance of negative W-R wind-driven feedback on the gas-deficient cavities, where star formation is quenched as a consequence. In addition, the presence of active star formation around the molecular shells indicates that W-R stars may also assist in accumulating molecular gas, and that they could initiate star formation around those shells.
Demographics of Planetesimals Formed by the Streaming Instability
Authors: Li 李日 Rixin 新 , Youdin Andrew N. , Simon Jacob B.
Published: October 2019

The streaming instability (SI) is a mechanism to aerodynamically concentrate solids in protoplanetary disks and facilitate the formation of planetesimals. Recent numerical modeling efforts have demonstrated the increasing complexity of the initial mass distribution of planetesimals. To better constrain this distribution, we conduct SI simulations including self-gravity with the highest resolution hitherto. To subsequently identify all of the self-bound clumps, we develop a new clump-finding tool, Planetesimal Analyzer. We then apply a maximum likelihood estimator to fit a suite of parameterized models with different levels of complexity to the simulated mass distribution. To determine which models are best-fitting and statistically robust, we apply three model selection criteria with different complexity penalties. We find that the initial mass distribution of clumps is not universal regarding both the functional forms and parameter values. Our model selection criteria prefer models different from those previously considered in the literature. Fits to multi-segment power-law models break to a steeper distribution above masses close to those of 100 km collapsed planetesimals, similar to observed size distributions in the Kuiper Belt. We find evidence for a turnover at the low-mass end of the planetesimal mass distribution in our high-resolution run. Such a turnover is expected for gravitational collapse, but had not previously been reported.
Thermal Components in Gamma-Ray Bursts. I. How Do They Affect Nonthermal Spectral Parameters?
Authors: Li Liang
Published: November 2019

The spectral components of the prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) mainly consist of two possible origins: synchrotron (nonthermal) and photosphere (thermal). The typical spectral properties of GRBs can be modeled by a dominant nonthermal component (a Band-like function or cutoff power law), while some of them have an additional thermal component (a Planck-like function). In this paper, we investigate the effects of thermal components on the nonthermal spectral parameters. We focus on eight Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor bursts of which the spectra deviate from a Band-only function, and the thermal components are significant. We sort them into thermal-subdominant Group I (e.g., GRB 110721A) and thermal-dominant Group II (e.g., GRB 090902B). Several interesting results are found assuming the spectral component is totally attributed to the nonthermal component: (i) the low-energy photon index α becomes harder; (ii) the peak energy E
c is significantly smaller and lies between the peak temperature of blackbody component and the peak energy of the cutoff power law + blackbody (CPL+BB) model; (iii) total flux F is generally the same; (iv) the changes (Δα and ΔE
c) are positively correlated with the ratio between the thermal flux and total flux; and (v) parameter relations (F–α, F–E
c, and E
c–α) also changed prominently. The GRBs in both groups show the same results. Our analysis indicates that the thermal component is important, and it significantly affects the spectral parameters and the consequential physical interpretations.
L’observation socio-territoriale par les acteurs du secteur social : catégories d’analyse et choix méthodologiques
Authors: Terrier Eugénie
Published: October 2019

La territorialisation de l’action sociale en France a favorisé le développement de l’analyse spatiale des réalités sociales locales. Cet article s’intéresse à la manière dont l’observation des territoires est actuellement abordée au sein des institutions de l’action sociale. Il s’agit de mieux comprendre les approches théoriques et méthodologiques qui sont actuellement privilégiées par différents acteurs du secteur social : qu’ils soient spécialistes de l’observation sociale locale, cadres de l’action sociale ou travailleurs sociaux. Cette réflexion s’appuie sur les résultats de plusieurs recherches-actions menées avec des départements. L’évaluation des travaux existants au sein des collectivités et au niveau national montre une prédominance de l’approche statistique et cartographique des données socio-économiques.
Être hébergé en famille dans une structure sociale : des interventions qui varient selon les espaces de vie
Authors: Ganne Claire , Thiery Nathalie
Published: October 2019

Les établissements sociaux qui hébergent des familles sans logement proposent des conditions d’hébergement très variées, de l’institution collective à l’hébergement en appartement autonome. De plus, ils relèvent de différents secteurs des politiques sociales. Si les centres d’hébergement et de réinsertion sociale, qu’ils soient collectifs ou « diffus », visent prioritairement l’accès au logement, les centres maternels (souvent collectifs) et les centres parentaux, de création plus récente et fonctionnant davantage en logement diffus, s’inscrivent dans le dispositif de la protection de l’enfance. En se basant sur trois recherches menées auprès de personnes hébergées dans ces différentes structures, cet article a pour objectif d’explorer l’articulation entre l’agencement spatial des espaces de vie et les pratiques d’interventions sociales en direction des familles, en fonction des missions de l’institution.
Interpréter le domicile, évaluer le danger. Les visites à domicile dans le champ de la protection de l’enfance
Authors: Léon Stéphane , Rey Claudie
Published: October 2019

Le domicile constitue à la fois le refuge de la vie privée et une catégorie de l’action sociale. Espace ambivalent, il situe les travailleurs sociaux entre le contrôle et l’aide, entre la contrainte légale et l’accompagnement. Ces notions posent la question de leur mise en œuvre dans un contexte législatif qui oscille entre respect de la vie privée et obligation légale de protection de l’enfance. Le domicile est un support à l’évaluation des travailleurs sociaux dans le cadre de la protection de l’enfance : il permet de mesurer le danger et d’envisager les réponses possibles dans un cadre juridique. Cependant, ce cadre ne suffit pas à construire la relation avec les familles. Les travailleurs sociaux sont amenés à négocier leur place au sein du domicile des familles, la lecture de cet espace de l’intime étant indispensable à l’évaluation du danger que les enfants rencontrent ou peuvent rencontrer.
Subretinal Injection of Voretigene Neparvovec-rzyl in a Patient With
RPE65
-Associated Leber's Congenital Amaurosis
Authors: Hussain Rehan M. , Tran Kimberly D. , Berrocal Audina M. , Maguire Albert M.
Published: October 2019

Leber's congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a rare inherited retinal degeneration (IRD) that causes severe vision loss, nyctalopia, and nystagmus within the first few years of life.
RPE65
gene mutations cause approximately 6% of LCA cases and have become the target for therapy since voretigene neparvovec-rzyl became the first U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved gene therapy product for IRDs in 2017. The surgery involves pars plana vitrectomy with subretinal injection of a viral vector that carries a functional copy of the
RPE65
gene. Intraoperative optical coherence tomography is a useful adjunctive tool to confirm the injection has reached the subretinal space.
Amar en tiempos monásticos: estrategias de representación en el intercambio epistolar entre Baudri de Bourgueil y Constancia de Le Ronceray
Authors: Camino Plaza Laura
Published: October 2019

En este trabajo se contemplará qué tipo de dinámicas de construcción de identidad y de género se pueden extraer del intercambio de cartas elegíacas producido entre el que fue arzobispo de Dol, Baudri de Bourgueil, y la monja Constancia de Le Ronceray. El resultado del análisis revertirá en una propuesta interpretativa en la que se sugerirá entender dichas estrategias de representación como parte de las tensiones propias que los movimientos reformistas estaban causando en el tejido social y cultural de inicios del siglo XII
Orígenes y desarrollo de la fiesta litúrgica de la Virgen María en Iberia
Authors: Ihnat Kati
Published: October 2019

Se da por cierta una gran devoción mariana en la Iberia visigoda, especialmente por el establecimiento, en esa época, de una nueva celebración litúrgica en honor a la Virgen María. Sin embargo, el siglo VII conoció un progresivo desarrollo de liturgias marianas en diversas partes del Mediterráneo y de Europa occidental. En Roma se fundaron cuatro fi estas marianas a mediados del siglo VII, posiblemente con motivo del concilió de Letrán del año 649, en el que se declaró oficial la creencia en la perpetua virginidad de María. La presencia en Roma, alrededor de estas fechas, del obispo de Zaragoza, Tajón, hace suponer que el establecimiento de esta festividad mariana en Iberia pudo venir de fuera, tal como sugiere la legislación en torno a ella. Este estudio investiga los comienzos de esta conmemoración mariana con el fin de contextualizar el caso ibérico en el panorama devocional y teológico del momento.
Le Cinématographe dans le mouvement :une métaphysique des feuilles
Authors: Albera François
Published: October 2019

La réception du Cinématographe Lumière à son émergence suggère qu’avec lui s’institue une distinction entre deux types de mouvement : celui des figures (qui a été jusqu’ici analysé et reconstitué par les jouets optiques, la chronophotographie et les bandes du kinétoscope) et celui du fond qui demeurait jusque là indifférencié, neutre et devient, avec les Lumière, un milieu. L’anecdote reprise par Méliès du mouvement des feuilles des arbres dans le vent semble ainsi désigner un phénomène qui est celui de la captation/restitution des micro-mouvements de la matière, l’aérien, rendant tangible l’insaisissable éther. L’hypothèse de cette étude est que le cinéma accompagne par là la refondation du monde physique par la science sur la base de la crise du modèle mécanique – que proclame Albert Einstein – que font éclater les évolutions de la thermodynamique, l’optique, l’électromagnétisme et la microphysique. Le point de jonction se situe dans les rapports entre ces phénomènes naturels aériens, de poussières, de fumées ou de feuilles innombrables avec l’activité de l’émulsion du film et ses cristaux d’halogénures d’argent.
L’accéléré dans la théorie des années 1920 : « Germination du blé... Cristallisation... Films documentaires et, surtout, films d’avant-garde »
Authors: Bernabei Maria Ida
Published: October 2019

Le titre de cet article – un aphorisme de Germaine Dulac de 1925 – vise à montrer que les personnalités telles que Jean Painlevé ou Jan Cornelis Mol ne sont que l’aboutissement d’un lien intime, et bien plus ancien, entre la cinématographie scientifique et l’avant-garde. Le film scientifique a en fait contribué à construire, de manière effective, la théorie du cinéma dans les années 1920, à la fois dans la pratique – par sa systématique inclusion au sein de la programmation de salles spécialisées et ciné-clubs – et dans la théorie, en catalysant la réflexion sur la spécificité du medium, en raison des techniques spécifiques qu’il a développées, notamment ralenti, accéléré, microcinématographie et radiocinématographie. Tout au long de ces pages nous approfondissons le concours des prises de vues en accéléré à la théorie du cinéma de cette époque.
European Union Emissions Trading Scheme
Authors: Crespo Antonio Marcio Ferreira , Wang Chun
Published: October 2019

The European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU-ETS), launched in 2005, is one of the most important market-driven initiatives in support to the global commitment to fight the climate changes and foster sustainable development. The scheme design evolution, comprising four phases, was characterized by continued ineffectiveness in driving emissions reduction, mainly for industries outside the power generation sector. This chapter brings an analysis of the EU-ETS design evolution, aiming at providing an overview on how the EU-ETS design features improvements impacted its effectiveness. The emissions trading scheme's main design features are listed, followed by the description of the EU-ETS design evolution in terms of scope, allowances allocation process, and emissions cap (among others). The greenhouse gases emissions trends, the carbon price behavior, and the availability of allowances in the EU carbon market are presented and discussed as key factors in support to the EU-ETS effectiveness assessment.