bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vaccine Adjuvants: from 1920 to 2015 and Beyond
Authors: Pasquale Alberta , Preiss Scott , Silva Fernanda , Garçon Nathalie
Published: April 2015

The concept of stimulating the body’s immune response is the basis underlying vaccination. Vaccines act by initiating the innate immune response and activating antigen presenting cells (APCs), thereby inducing a protective adaptive immune response to a pathogen antigen. Adjuvants are substances added to vaccines to enhance the immunogenicity of highly purified antigens that have insufficient immunostimulatory capabilities, and have been used in human vaccines for more than 90 years. While early adjuvants (aluminum, oil-in-water emulsions) were used empirically, rapidly increasing knowledge on how the immune system interacts with pathogens means that there is increased understanding of the role of adjuvants and how the formulation of modern vaccines can be better tailored towards the desired clinical benefit. Continuing safety evaluation of licensed vaccines containing adjuvants/adjuvant systems suggests that their individual benefit-risk profile remains favorable. Adjuvants contribute to the initiation of the innate immune response induced by antigens; exemplified by inflammatory responses at the injection site, with mostly localized and short-lived effects. Activated effectors (such as APCs) then move to draining lymph nodes where they direct the type, magnitude and quality of the adaptive immune response. Thus, the right match of antigens and adjuvants can potentiate downstream adaptive immune responses, enabling the development of new efficacious vaccines. Many infectious diseases of worldwide significance are not currently preventable by vaccination. Adjuvants are the most advanced new technology in the search for new vaccines against challenging pathogens and for vulnerable populations that respond poorly to traditional vaccines.
Disease Severity and Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Autoimmune Diseases in Pregnancy Project
Authors: Bharti Balambal , Lee Susan J. , Lindsay Suzanne P. , Wingard Deborah L. , Jones Kenneth L. , Lemus Hector , Chambers Christina D.
Published: April 2015

Objective.

To determine the effect of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease severity on pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with and without autoimmune diseases.

Methods.

A prospective cohort study was conducted using the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Autoimmune Diseases in Pregnancy Project. Pregnant women with RA enrolled between 2005 and 2013 were selected if they (1) delivered a live-born singleton infant; and (2) completed 3 telephone-based measures of RA disease severity prior to 20 weeks’ gestation, including the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI), pain score, and patient’s global scale. Associations between RA disease severity and preterm delivery, small for gestational age (SGA), or cesarean delivery were tested in unadjusted and multivariate analyses using modified Poisson regression models.

Results.

The sample consisted of 440 women with RA. Several unadjusted comparisons yielded significant associations. After adjustment for covariates, increasing disease severity was associated with risk for preterm delivery and SGA. For each unit increase in HAQ-DI (0–1), the adjusted relative risk (aRR) for preterm delivery increased by 58% (aRR 1.58, 95% CI 1.17–2.15). Among those with HAQ-DI > 0.5, the aRR for SGA was 1.81 (95% CI 1.01–3.33).

Conclusion.

RA disease severity in early pregnancy, as measured in this study, was predictive of preterm delivery and SGA. These findings suggest that the risk of preterm delivery and SGA in women with RA might be lowered if RA is well controlled early in pregnancy.
Reproduction précaire
Authors: Deutscher Penelope , Garrau Marie
Published: April 2015

Cet article soutient que les femmes, considérées du point de vue de leur capacité à agir en matière de reproduction, peuvent être appréhendées comme des incarnations de la vie précaire en plusieurs sens. Elles peuvent d’abord être considérées comme spécialement responsables de formes de vie jugées précaires (comme l’embryon, le fœtus, le nouveau-né, l’enfant). Ensuite, quand leur capacité d’agir en matière de reproduction est contestée (en particulier quand l’avortement est illégal ou difficile d’accès), elles peuvent être exposées de différentes façons à des préjudices, à des torts, voire à la perte de leur vie. Quand il y a précarité dans ces deux premiers sens, la capacité des femmes à faire des choix en matière de reproduction devient elle-même précaire en un sens spécifique. Enfin, en fonction des normes contingentes qui gouvernent les conduites relatives à la reproduction, les femmes sont inégalement intelligibles ( legible ) en tant que sujet moral. À la ‘production’ du fœtus comme tel correspond ainsi la ‘production’ d’une forme spécifique d’agentivité, et plus précisément la production d’un agent responsable. Pour mettre ce point en évidence, cet article propose de réexaminer la réflexion morale des femmes confrontées à la possibilité d’un avortement, qu’a restituée Carol Gilligan dans In a Different Voice (1993). Il revient également sur les réponses au travail de Judith Butler élaborées par deux théoriciennes féministes, Catherine Mills et Fiona Jenkins, selon lesquelles le concept de vie précaire peut permettre de rendre compte du statut du fœtus, tel qu’il est produit et cadré ( framed ) par la technologie contemporaine. 2
Verbicide. D’une vulnérabilité qui n’ose dire son nom
Authors: Cole Alyson , Boidy Maxime
Published: April 2015

Cet article étudie le processus discursif qui a conformé les conceptions contemporaines de la vulnérabilité. Mettant en évidence des tentatives récurrentes de réarticuler la relation entre la victimisation et le blâme, il retrace les usages de l’expression «  blâmer la victime  » depuis que le sociologue William Ryan l’a forgée en 1970 afin de critiquer l’aide apportée aux populations vulnérables, jusqu’aux campagnes conservatrices contemporaines menées à l’encontre des «  politiques victimaires  ». Le nœud blâme/victime me conduit également à aborder la victimologie, une science apparue au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, et visant à prendre la mesure d’un phénomène de «  catalysation victimaire  » ; les travaux du psychologue Melvin Lerner, qui ont prouvé que certains individus blâment bel et bien la victime ; les mobilisations féministes à l’encontre du «  blâme de la victime de viol  », ainsi que l’émergence du Mouvement des droits des victimes. Cette généalogie du travail rhétorique à l’œuvre derrière l’expression «  blâmer la victime  », et de ses effets dépolitisants, montre comment penser en termes de victimes suppose de plus en plus de se focaliser sur l’utilité thérapeutique du blâme, souvent au détriment des conséquences matérielles de la victimisation ou de son traitement. 1
Tradition et transmission. Augustin, Cyprien et la question du baptême dans le contexte du schisme donatiste
Authors: García Macgaw Carlos
Published: April 2015

Nous analysons ici le sujet de la tradition et de la transmission des pratiques baptismales dans les églises africaines entre le III e et le V e siècles, à travers l’étude de quelques fragments de l’ouvrage De baptismo libri VII d’Augustin d’Hippone, où sont reprises certains lettres de Cyprien de Carthage ayant trait à la querelle baptismale avec l’évêque Étienne de Rome au III e siècle. On observe la façon dont Augustin, dans le contexte du conflit avec les donatistes, utilise les écrits de Cyprien pour récupérer la tradition religieuse africaine qui était disputée par l’église donatiste. À cette fin, l’évêque d’Hippone manipule la transmission de certains textes de l’œuvre de Cyprien pour les adapter aux nouvelles perspectives théologiques catholiques du V e siècle.
Prier ou danser à Hébron. Fondamentalisme et contestation dans un lieu sacré
Authors: Feige Michael
Published: April 2015

Les colons israéliens considèrent Hébron comme un lieu ultime, un lieu où les juifs retournent pour ne plus jamais le quitter. Menée au tombeau des Patriarches, l’enquête ethnographique se concentre sur les sentiments intenses que la rencontre avec des Palestiniens suscite chez un groupe de colons, l’auteur proposant de voir dans cette confrontation une lutte pour le lieu sacré. Afin d’éclairer la signification que les lieux ultimes revêtent aujourd’hui en Israël, l’article présente également un autre point de vue sur la situation dans les territoires occupés : celui des soldats chargés de veiller sur les colons.
La vraie spiritualité de Saint Grignion de Montfort
Authors: Guitteny Bernard
Published: April 2015

La dernière édition des Œuvres complètes de Grignion de Montfort (1966) rend manifeste qu’un traité lui a été attribué d’une manière erronée ; il est d’un auteur postérieur à lui. Cette erreur a été divulguée depuis le milieu du XIX e siècle. Elle a compliqué la reconnaissance de Grignion de Montfort comme docteur de l’Église, dont la cause a été suspendue en 2001, et elle déséquilibre la cohérence de sa doctrine spirituelle.
Israël, son serviteur (Lc 1,54)
Authors: Chapelle Albert
Published: April 2015

Évoquer Israël pour des chrétiens, c’est d’abord leur rappeler leur condition, leur origine, la racine de Jessé (Is 11,10) sur laquelle ils sont greffés. C’est aussi leur parler d’eux-mêmes et du « Messie crucifié, scandale pour les juifs et folie pour les païens » (1 Co 1,23). Les juifs qui n’ont pas identifié Jésus comme leur Messie, n’en sont pas moins restés le peuple élu, le royaume et les prêtres établis par le Seigneur. Dieu n’a pas rejeté son peuple (Rm 11,2).
Règne temporel et règne éternel ? Méditation ignatienne sur les relations ecclésiales en Russie aujourd’hui
Authors: Glorieux Jean-Marie
Published: April 2015

Au portique de la deuxième étape (« semaine ») des Exercices spirituels composés par Ignace de Loyola se trouve l’étonnante parabole d’un roi temporel dont le retraitant est invité à considérer l’appel, en vue de se disposer à « contempler la vie du (Christ), Roi éternel », objet des trois « semaines » qui suivent ( Ex. Spir. 91-99). L’A. suggère que la confrontation de deux autorités ecclésiales aujourd’hui en Russie relève du premier temps de la parabole plus que du second. Confirmée par l’enseignement du Concile Vatican II, cette relecture actualisée de la méditation du « Règne » laisse entendre, dans sa visée œcuménique, que la conversion s’opère toujours par une offrande « de plus haut prix ».
L’avant-garde en matière d’espérance de vie montre-t-elle la voie au reste de la population ?
Authors: Jasilionis Domantas , Shkolnikov Vladimir M. , Andreev Evgueni M. , Jdanov Dmitri A. , Vågerö Denny , Meslé France , Vallin Jacques
Published: April 2015

Les populations pionnières, bénéficiant les premières de l’augmentation de l’espérance de vie, ouvrent-elles pour les autres groupes la voie vers de meilleures chances de survie et de longévité ? Cette étude a pour but d’identifier dans quelle mesure, en Finlande, en Suède et en Norvège, la population qui n’appartient pas à cette avant-garde pourrait suivre les trajectoires de mortalité déjà tracées par les pionniers aux différents groupes d’âges et pour différentes causes de décès entre 1970 et 1995. Les résultats montrent qu’il n’y a pas eu de convergence systématique des trajectoires du reste de la population vers celles de l’avant-garde. Ils confirment au contraire la théorie selon laquelle chaque changement sanitaire majeur commence par induire une divergence dans les évolutions de mortalité. En effet, au niveau infranational, loin de connaître avec un certain délai les mêmes progrès que le groupe précurseur, le reste de la population suit son propre chemin de réduction de la mortalité, répondant à des déterminants différents. L’étude montre aussi qu’il faut un temps considérable pour que l’ensemble de la population atteigne les taux de survie dont l’avant-garde bénéficiait en début de période d’observation. C’est le cas notamment de la prévention et du traitement des maladies cardio-vasculaires.
Le chemin de l’école
Authors: Chauvel Séverine
Published: April 2015

Cet article vise à analyser la façon dont les dispositifs d’orientation scolaire tentent, concrètement, de rendre les élèves autonomes, de telle sorte que leur avenir scolaire après le collège prenne la forme d’un choix éclairé. Autrement dit, comment s’actualise le principe d’autonomie du choix ? L’institution encadre le processus de décision par des dispositifs qui se veulent coopératifs (dialogue avec les familles, traitement au cas par cas dans les conseils de classe). Mais ces dispositifs sont parfois contournés par les élèves et leur famille, qui peuvent aller jusqu’à contester le principe d’égalité des parties. Enfin, ces dispositifs d’orientation créent chez les professionnels des conflits de rôles entre la recherche de sélection des élèves qui se dirigent vers le lycée général et technologique et leur rôle de porte-parole de l’élève. Au final, il apparaît plus important pour les acteurs de l’institution de faire tenir le dispositif plutôt que de garantir l’autonomie de l’élève quant à l’élaboration de son projet.
Quand les victimes de racisme se mobilisent
Authors: Laplanche-Servigne Soline
Published: April 2015

Cet article s’appuie sur une étude empirique comparative de mobilisations de victimes de racisme en France et en Allemagne. Il montre comment l’« expérience vécue » est devenue ces dernières décennies un mode de mobilisation politiquement pertinent pour se distinguer au sein de l’espace de la cause antiraciste. Dans cet espace, l’expérience vécue est consacrée à travers l’usage d’identifications ethnoraciales, qui convertissent les corps racisés en ressource politique. La comparaison met alors en lumière des processus nationalement contextualisés de cet usage, qui ne vise pas tant à défendre des identités ethnoraciales pour soi qu’à introduire des points de vue racisés au sein d’espaces nationaux de la cause antiraciste.
Utilisation d’un club de lecture comme méthode pédagogique pour favoriser l’appropriation des données probantes par des étudiantes au baccalauréat en sciences infirmières
Authors: Chouinard Maud-Christine , Lavoie Mélissa , Poitras Marie-Ève , Sasseville Maxime , de Jordy Louise Catherine , Girard Ariane
Published: April 2015

Introduction : la pratique infirmière contemporaine nécessite une mise à jour continue des connaissances, notamment à partir des résultats de recherche publiés dans des articles scientifiques. Contexte : comme exigence du curriculum universitaire en sciences infirmières, les étudiantes doivent développer leurs compétences en regard de l’évaluation des évidences de recherche. Objectifs : l’objectif de cette étude était d’explorer l’appréciation et les effets d’une nouvelle approche pédagogique, le club de lecture, auprès d’étudiantes de baccalauréat en sciences infirmières dans le cadre d’un cours de recherche. Méthode : un dispositif qualitatif descriptif exploratoire a été utilisé. Un questionnaire à questions ouvertes a été complété par des étudiantes (n = 41) suite à la participation au club de lecture à l’intérieur du cours de recherche en sciences infirmières afin d’obtenir leur appréciation et leur perception des effets de cette méthode pédagogique. Résultats : la participation aux clubs de lecture apparaît avoir : 1) favorisé l’initiation à l’univers scientifique, 2) amélioré plusieurs compétences en lien avec l’évaluation d’articles scientifiques et 3) augmenté la motivation en regard de la pratique basée sur les données probantes. Conclusion : cette nouvelle méthode pédagogique utilisée à l’intérieur du cours de recherche s’est avérée pertinente et a grandement suscité l’intérêt des étudiantes en sciences infirmières.
Constituent phases and mechanical properties of iron oxide-additioned phosphoaluminate cement
Authors: Yang Shuai , Wang Shoude , Gong Chenchen , Lu Lingchao , Cheng Xin
Published: April 2015

Iron oxide was added to phosphoaluminate clinker and its effects on cement constituents were determined using XRD, DSC, SEM-EDS and conduction calorimetry analysis. The variations in compressive strength were also studied. The results showed that in moderate amounts, iron oxide acts as a mineraliser during clinker sintering, furthering the conversion of CA1-Y(PY) to LHss at a lower temperature than normally required for that reaction. The main constituents of iron oxide-rich phosphoaluminate clinker included LHss, CA1-Y(PY), CP1-Z(AZ) and ferrite. The EDS findings showed that the composition of the ferrite phase was nonuniform. The conclusion drawn was that by modifying the dose of Fe2O3) , the composition of phosphoaluminate cement can be controlled to produce clinker and cement compliant with different mechanical strength requirements. The conduction calorimetry findings were consistent with those results.
A review of 48 patients after bear attacks in Central India: Demographics, management and outcomes
Authors: Patil Surendra B. , Mody Nikunj B. , Kale Satish M. , Ingole Sonali D.
Published: April 2015

Introduction: Bear attacks though relatively rare are frequent enough to be of concern for those who are in bear habitats. Our centre at Nagpur, being surrounded by dense forests from all the sides, treats a large number of victims. Aim: The aim was to document the injuries, management and the potential complications of bear attacks. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the records of 48 consecutive patients who were treated in our department from January 2006 to December 2013 for bear attacks. Outcome: The majority of patients were referred 24-48 h post-attack. All but two patients had involvement of either the face or scalp. Involvement of eyes, mandible, facial nerve, was common. Reconstruction included simple suture of lacerations to management of complex compound injuries with three-dimensional defects. Thirteen patients developed infection. Conclusion: Bear attack victims need a multidisciplinary approach. Early broad spectrum antibiotics, anti-rabies prophylaxis and irrigation and debridement of the wound are needed. We advise early referral to tertiary treatment centres.
Anatomic basis for an algorithmic approach for free fibula flap donor side selection in composite oro-mandibular defects
Authors: Sharma Mohit , Wakure Abhijeet , Thankappan Krishnakumar , Mathew Jimmy , Jairaj Dayanand , Dudipala Raghuveer Reddy , Iyer Subramania
Published: April 2015

Introduction: Head and neck oncological resections may result in composite oro-mandibular defects involving the oral mucosa (lining), mandibular bone and the skin (cover). Reconstructive options for such defects have evolved over a period. Free fibula flap reconstruction is currently accepted the world over as the gold standard for oro-mandibular defect reconstruction. Existing literature provides conflicting views about the use of a particular side and orientation of the fibula flap for achieving the optimal outcome. The purpose of this study is to confirm anatomically the effect of bone, soft tissue and vessel orientation on the ease of doing reconstruction. Materials and Methods: This is a cadaveric study. A mandibular model with a defect was used. This was pre plated to maintain continuity. Composite fibula flaps of the same dimension were harvested from both legs of a fresh cadaver. The harvested flaps were used to reconstruct the mandibular defect in different orientations and the best configuration for each reconstructive requirement was assessed. Results: Keeping the peroneal surface for plating, that is, facing outwards, four different configurations of the fibula flap are possible for a given mandibular defect. With a posterior vascular pedicle ipsilateral fibula is suitable for skin cover and contralateral for mucosal lining and the reverse for an anteriorly placed pedicle. Conclusion: The algorithm based selection of appropriate sided fibula flap facilitates complex mandibular reconstruction by placing the right kind of tissue at the right place and helps in reducing the donor site morbidity by allowing the surgeon to harvest only the required amount of skin.
A simple and rapid method of repeated tie over dressing
Authors: Singh Hardeep , Aggarwal Aditya , Khazanchi Rakesh Kumar , Mahendru Sanjay , Brajesh Vimalendu , Singh Sukhdeep , Krishnan S.
Published: April 2015

Tie overdressing is commonly used to secure the graft against the raw surface and prevent loss due to of hematoma or seroma. A conventional tie over dressing with silk sutures, is a useful method of securing the graft to raw area. Refixation is difficult when repeated tie over dressings are needed. We assessed a low cost repeated tie over dressing method using sterile sample collection containers and silk suture threads in eight patients. After the graft is applied on the bed, tie-over stitches are taken, and paraffin gauze is applied over with adequate padding; the tie over sutures are passed through the container and the lid is tightened over it to complete the dressing. The lid can be unscrewed easily at any time to inspect the graft and can be easily reapplied in the outpatient department. The skin graft take in all the patients was complete without any seroma or hematoma. A novel and low-cost tie over dressing that enables simple fixation of the dressing, to maintain proper position of grafts that require repeated fixation is reported here.
Endoscopic ultrasound.guided fine-needle tissue acquisition – A review and update of literature
Authors: Tharian Benjamin , George Nayana , Canipe Ashley , Holt Bronte , Krall Konrad , Hébert-Magee Shantel , Navaneethan Udayakumar , Hawes Robert H. , Varadarajulu Shyam , Hasan Muhammad K.
Published: April 2015

Ever since the first endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) was done in 1992, the procedure has evolved to become an indispensable tool for tissue acquisition in patients with gastrointestinal tumors and periluminal lesions. With the growing evidence of neoadjuvant therapy and research into intratumoral therapy, the need to obtain tissue diagnosis for tumors is quite apparent. This review provides an overall perspective to the endosonographer on various issues that are a key for best practices in FNA, in addition to being an update for practicing experienced endosonographers.
Effect of sainfoin hay and pomegranate peel extracts on in vitro fermentation and protein degradation using the RUSITEC technique
Authors: Refat B. , Anele U. , He Z. X. , Bassiony S. M. , Abdel-Rahman G. A. , Yang W. Z.
Published: April 2015

Refat, B., Anele, U., He, Z. X., Bassiony, S. M., Abdel-Rahman, G. A. and Yang, W. Z. 2015. Effect of sainfoin hay and pomegranate peel extracts on in vitro fermentation and protein degradation using the RUSITEC technique. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 417–423. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of supplementation of sainfoin hay extract (SHE) and pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics, protein metabolism and nutrient digestibility using rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). The experiment was a completely randomized design with three treatments and four replications. Dietary treatments were: (1) control (10% barley silage and 90% concentrate), and control supplemented (2) with SHE (4.1 g catechin equivalent kg−1dry matter; DM) or (3) with PPE (2.8 g tannic acid equivalents kg−1DM). The experiment consisted of 10 d of adaptation and 7 d of data collection. Concentration of total volatile fatty acid (VFA) was lower (P<0.02), but molar proportion of acetate was higher (P<0.01) with SHE or PPE than control. Branched-chain VFA decreased (P<0.01) with PPE supplementation compared with control. Concentrations of large and small peptides were not affected but ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration decreased (P<0.01) with PPE supplementation. Digestibility of DM, starch and crude protein decreased (P<0.02) with SHE and PPE supplementation compared with control. Bacterial nitrogen production (mg d−1) and bacterial efficiency (g bacterial nitrogen kg−1digested organic matter) were not affected by SHE or PPE supplementation. Overall, there were no differences in VFA concentrations, nitrogen fractions and nutrient digestibility between SHE and PPE except for the concentrations of branched-chain VFA and NH3-N, which were higher (P<0.01) with SHE versus PPE supplementation. In conclusion, supplementation of high-grain diet with SHE or PPE can decrease rumen by-pass protein; however, suppression of feed fermentation may decrease the feeding value of high-grain diet.
The Effects of an Alum-containing Mouthrinse and a Saturated Saline Rinse on Existing Plaque Levels in Children
Authors: Winnier Jasmin , Nayak Ullal Anand , Rao Arun Prasad , Reddy Venugopal N
Published: April 2015

Aims and objectives

The present study compared and evaluated the effects of an alum-containing mouthrinse and a saturated saline rinse on existing plaque levels in children.

Materials and Methods

The investigation was a double blind, stratified comparison of three parallel groups of children who used either an alum-containing mouthrinse or a saturated saline rinse twice daily under professional supervision for a 21 days period. Dental plaque was recorded using the plaque index described by Silness and Loe at baseline, on days 10 and 21.

Statistical analysis

All data were subjected to statistical analysis using Wilcoxon's signed ranks sum test and Mann- Whitney U-test.

Results and conclusion

The results of the present study show that alum and saturated saline mouthrinse groups showed statistically significant reductions in dental plaque levels on comparison of the data obtained at baseline, 10th and 21st days over the control group. Among the two adjunctive oral hygiene measures that were evaluated, alum rinse was the most effective in reducing the dental plaque levels.

How to cite this article

Rupesh S, Winnier J, Nayak UA, Rao AP, Reddy VN. The Effects of an Alum-containing Mouthrinse and a Saturated Saline Rinse on Existing Plaque Levels in Children. J Contemp Dent 2015;5(1):7-11.
Salivary Cariogenic Microflora, Buffer Capacity, Secretion Rate and Its Relation to Caries Experience in 12 to 15 Years Old Indian Schoolchildren
Authors: Gopinath Nithin Manchery , John Joseph
Published: April 2015

Background

Dental caries is a disease of multifactorial etiology and its prevalence is more in developing countries, including India. It was of interest to study the caries risk factors, mainly salivary parameters and its cariogenic association.

Materials and Methods

Clinical examination of 108 children was done for dental caries. Stimulated saliva was collected and salivary flow rate, salivary buffering capacity;Streptococcus mutansand Lactobacillus counts were assessed. Differences between mean decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) and salivary risk factors and their relation were assessed.

Results

The mean DMFT was 2.41. Statistically, highly significant relation was found betweenStreptococcus mutans(χ2= 43.34, p < 0.000) and DMFT categories. Similar results were also obtained for Lactobacillus (χ2= 25.95, p < 0.000). Similarly, the role of salivary pH and secretory rate was also found to be significant in contributing to caries risk.

Conclusion

The results of current study showed that there exist's a strong association either directly or indirectly between salivary variables, like salivary microflora, buffer capacity and secretion rate to caries experience.

How to cite this article

Gopinath NM, John J. Salivary Cariogenic Microflora, Buffer Capacity, Secretion Rate and Its Relation to Caries Experience in 12 to 15 Years Old Indian Schoolchildren. J Contemp Dent 2015;5(1):12-16.
Low Grade Central Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
Authors: Poonja Kartik , Iyer Janaki Subramanian , Poonja Leela
Published: April 2015

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignant salivary gland tumor, comprising about 15% of all salivary gland tumors and 30% of all salivary malignancies. Most of the MEC arise in the parotid gland. Rarely, it originates in the mandible and maxilla as an intraosseous variant, referred to as ‘central mucoepidermoid carcinoma’ or ‘intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma’. Central mucoepidermoid carcinomas (CMECs) are extremely rare, but well-known entity, comprising 2 to 3% of all MECs reported. Histopathologically, this malignant neoplasm is characterized by mucous, intermediate and epidermoid cells. In this report, we present a case of a male patient diagnosed as low grade CMEC.

How to cite this article

Iyer JS, Poonja K, Pathak J, Patel S, Poonja L. Low Grade Central Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma. J Contemp Dent 2015;5(1):31-34.
Palatogingival Groove: An Innocuous Culprit of Periodontal Lesion
Authors: Kashyap Vanita , Baburaj Mala Dixit
Published: April 2015

Palatogingival grooves are morphological defects, which are found most frequently in maxillary anterior teeth and are a predisposing factor for periodontal disease. They are easily overlooked as etiologic factors, as these grooves are covered by periodontal tissues. A palatogingival groove may serve as a pathway for the development of a periodontal lesion.

This case report presents successful management of a maxillary lateral incisor with an associated palatogingival groove and deep periodontal pocket. The clinical examination at 1 year revealed shallow residual probing depth.

How to cite this article

Kashyap V, Baburaj MD. Palatogingival Groove: An Innocuous Culprit of Periodontal Lesion. J Contemp Dent 2015;5(1):38-39.
Curious Impacted Incisor
Authors: Ravindranath VK , Doshi Sachin , Karandikar Girish , Gandhi Bhavisha
Published: April 2015

Although impaction of a permanent tooth is rarely diagnosed during the mixed dentition period, an impacted central incisor is usually diagnosed accurately when there is delay in the eruption of tooth. For the case reported in this article, the impacted incisor was moved into its proper position with surgical exposure followed by orthodontic corrections.

How to cite this article

Gandhi B, Ravindranath VK, Karandikar G, Patni V, Sonawane M, Doshi S. Curious Impacted Incisor. J Contemp Dent 2015;5(1):43-47.
Use of North American and European air quality networks to evaluate global chemistry-climate modeling of surface ozone
Authors: Schnell J. L. , Prather M. J. , Josse B. , Naik V. , Horowitz L. W. , Cameron-Smith P. , Bergmann D. , Zeng G. , Plummer D. A. , Sudo K. , Nagashima T. , Shindell D. T. , Faluvegi G. , Strode S. A.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. We test the current generation of global chemistry-climate models in their ability to simulate observed, present-day surface ozone. Models are evaluated against hourly surface ozone from 4217 stations in North America and Europe that are averaged over 1° × 1° grid cells, allowing commensurate model-measurement comparison. Models are generally biased high during all hours of the day and in all regions. Most models simulate the shape of regional summertime diurnal and annual cycles well, correctly matching the timing of hourly (~ 15:00) and monthly (mid-June) peak surface ozone abundance. The amplitude of these cycles is less successfully matched. The observed summertime diurnal range (~ 25 ppb) is underestimated in all regions by about 7 ppb, and the observed seasonal range (~ 21 ppb) is underestimated by about 5 ppb except in the most polluted regions where it is overestimated by about 5 ppb. The models generally match the pattern of the observed summertime ozone enhancement, but they overestimate its magnitude in most regions. Most models capture the observed distribution of extreme episode sizes, correctly showing that about 80% of individual extreme events occur in large-scale, multi-day episodes of more than 100 grid cells. The observed linear relationship showing increases in ozone by up to 6 ppb for larger-sized episodes is also matched.
Estimating flood damage to railway infrastructure – the case study of the March River flood in 2006 at the Austrian Northern Railway
Authors: Kellermann P. , Schöbel A. , Kundela G. , Thieken A. H.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Models for estimating flood losses to infrastructure are rare and their reliability is seldom investigated although infrastructure losses might contribute considerably to the overall flood losses. In this paper, a statistical modelling approach for estimating direct structural flood damage to railway infrastructure and associated financial losses is presented. Via a combination of empirical data, i.e. photo-documented damage on the Northern Railway in Lower Austria caused by the March river flood in 2006, and simulated flood characteristics, i.e. water levels, flow velocities and combinations thereof, the correlations between physical flood impact parameters and damage occurred to the railway track were investigated and subsequently rendered into a damage model. After calibrating the loss estimation using recorded repair costs of the Austrian Federal Railways, the model was applied to three synthetic scenarios with return periods of 30, 100 and 300 years of March river flooding. Finally, the model results are compared to depth-damage curve based approaches for the infrastructure sector obtained from the Rhine Atlas damage model and the Damage Scanner model. The results of this case study indicate a good performance of our two-stage model approach. However, due to a lack of independent event and damage data, the model could not yet be validated. Future research in natural risk should focus on the development of event and damage documentation procedures to overcome this significant hurdle in flood damage modelling.
Assessment and comparison of extreme sea levels and waves during the 2013/2014 storm season in two UK coastal regions
Authors: Wadey M. P. , Brown J. M. , Haigh I. D. , Dolphin T. , Wisse P.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. The extreme sea levels and waves experienced around the UK's coast during the 2013/2014 winter caused extensive coastal flooding and damage. In such circumstances, coastal managers seek to place such extremes in relation to the anticipated standards of flood protection, and the long-term recovery of the natural system. In this context, return periods are often used as a form of guidance. We therefore provide these levels for the winter storms, as well as discussing their application to the given data sets and case studies (two UK case study sites: Sefton, northwest England; and Suffolk, east England). We use tide gauge records and wave buoy data to compare the 2013/2014 storms with return periods from a national dataset, and also generate joint probabilities of sea level and waves, incorporating the recent events. The UK was hit at a national scale by the 2013/2014 storms, although the return periods differ with location. We also note that the 2013/2014 high water and waves were extreme due to the number of events, as well as the extremity of the 5 December 2013 "Xaver" storm, which had a very high return period at both case study sites. Our return period analysis shows that the national scale impact of this event is due to its coincidence with spring high tide at multiple locations as the tide and storm propagated across the continental shelf. Given that this event is such an outlier in the joint probability analyses of these observed data sets, and that the season saw several events in close succession, coastal defences appear to have provided a good level of protection. This type of assessment should be recorded alongside details of defence performance and upgrade, with other variables (e.g. river levels at estuarine locations) included and appropriate offsetting for linear trends (e.g. mean sea level rise) so that the storm-driven component of coastal flood events can be determined. Local offsetting of the mean trends in sea level allows long-term comparison of storm severity and also enables an assessment of how sea level rise is influencing return levels over time, which is important when considering long-term coastal resilience in strategic management plans.
Active Aging: Hiking, Health, and Healing
Authors: Steadman Rodney , Nykiforuk Candace I. J. , Vallianatos Helen
Published: April 2015

This article examines the illness and recovery experiences and perceptions of physically active middle aged and older adults participating in hiking groups. These perceptions are examined within the local milieu of their group and the larger social context of biomedical norms of healthy older bodies. Discourse on the body was viewed through the lens of medical anthropology and data were analyzed using embodied ethnography. There were 15 participants (53 percent female) and all were of European descent. The hiking group provided participants with meaningful spaces and places where they could explore all aspects of their health with the support of others who had undergone similar life experiences. The physical activities they engaged in as a group were therapeutic and transformational for several members. Their group activities created a deep sense of community and aided in their healing processes. Holistic health programs such as hiking groups could provide an alternative or ancillary treatment options. However, cost, location, opportunities for socialization, and the physical abilities of potential participants should be seriously considered before adopting a hiking program for this demographic.
Retirement Abroad as Women’s Aging Strategy
Authors: Gambold Liesl
Published: April 2015

Understanding the culture and lifestyle choices of retirees has never been so crucial. The aging baby boom population bubble means that by 2030 eighteen percent of the U.S. will be 65 or over. The lifestyle decisions of these individuals will have far-reaching implications culturally, politically and economically. Since more women are living their post-retirement lives alone and in economically challenging situations, this paper examines the mobility of older women in the form of international retirement migration as a strategy to ameliorate levels of economic and general well-being. Historically people have retired abroad for various reasons, but current practices suggest that retiring permanently in a foreign country has become an increasingly popular aging strategy. Retiring abroad does not come without serious challenges, however, as the strains of navigating the aging process are interwoven with living in a foreign culture. Based on research done in Mexico, and southern France, this paper highlights the efforts put forth by aging women to avoid the well-trodden path of retirement before them and to forge a new path, choose a new homeland, and perhaps, reinvent themselves a bit along the way.
No Peace in the House: Witchcraft Accusations as an “Old Woman’s Problem” in Ghana
Authors: Crampton Alexandra
Published: April 2015

In Ghana, older women may be marginalized, abused, and even killed as witches.  Media accounts imply this is common practice, mainly through stories of “witches camps” to which the accused may flee.  Anthropological literature on aging and on witchcraft, however, suggests that this focus exaggerates and misinterprets the problem.  This article presents a literature review and exploratory data on elder advocacy and rights intervention on behalf of accused witches in Ghana to help answer the question of how witchcraft accusations become an older woman’s problem in the context of aging and elder advocacy work. The ineffectiveness of rights based and formal intervention through sponsored education programs and development projects is contrasted with the benefit of informal conflict resolution by family and staff of advocacy organizations. Data are based on ethnographic research in Ghana on a rights based program addressing witchcraft accusations by a national elder advocacy organization and on rights based intervention in three witches camps.
Investigation of Seasonal Total Phenolics and Pigments in Chara vulgaris
Authors: SIVACI Aysel , Duman Sevcan , Eroglu Sevran , Sivaci E.Rıdvan
Published: April 2015

In this study, Chara vulgaris samples were taken from Gölbaşı Lake/Adıyaman at different times (October, February, April, June). Total phenolic and pigment contents of these samples were examined. It was determined that total phenolic and pigment contents (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids) showed seasonal differences. It was detected that chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids were high in June, and low in April. In addition, phenolic compounds were found to be high in February, and low in April.
Nuestra diversidad lingüística como diversidad biológica
Authors: Salamanca Castillo Danito
Published: April 2015

El objetivo general del presente ensayo es valorar qué es lo que se pierde cuando desaparecen nuestros idiomas ancestrales y argumentar por el cuido y preservación del patrimonio lingüístico centroamericano. Más específicamente, en el contexto de la discusión sobre la conveniencia o interés de conservar un máximo de biodiversidad en el planeta, se señalará el potencial valor que nuestros idiomas ancestrales tienen para la investigación y comprensión de las facultades mentales de nuestra especie. Wan bila ailal ra aisanka laka bara nisan ailal sin bara baDia dukiara naha praptis muni daukan wark ka na sakan ba sika Wan tanka briaia sa yawan klauna pyua wina wan bila nani aisanka nani tiwi auya pyuara dia ba rait lus tiwi ba dukiara baku sin Centroamérica aiskara naha bila ritska nani ba pain main kaiki briaia laka nani ba paskaia, kau klerka ba sika, yawan nani aikuki aisi kaikaia nahki muni tasba aiskara nisan satka bara bila aisanka satka nani ailal ba sut main kaiki briaia ba wark ka nani daukaia, mahrikaia sa klauna wina wan bila aisanka sat ailal ba kulkanka tara briba laki kaiki stadi munanka lainkara baku sin uplika nani ba diara nani tanka briaia mapara sin.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/wani.v67i0.1888
Breves reseñas de investigaciones
Authors: Wani Equipo
Published: April 2015

Aquí presentamos breves reseñas de investigaciones culturales ejecutadas en el marco del programa Fondo de investigaciones para la revitalización cultural y desarrollo productivo creativo de la Costa Caribe de Nicaragua, las cuales, por falta de espacio y presupuesto no han sido publicadas aún. Sin embargo, para dar a conocer su existencia y contenidos a los potenciales investigadores de estos temas publicamos una breve reseña de cada una de ellas en este número de Wani. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/wani.v67i0.1891
To Believe and Not to Believe: A Native Ethnography of Kanashibari in Japan
Authors: Yoshimura Ayako
Published: April 2015

This article discusses kanashibari, the Japanese version of an experiential phenomenon better known in North America as the "Old Hag." A native of Japan, the author provides cultural background on kanashibari and investigates kanashibari personal experience narratives so as to demonstrate how Japanese individuals self-diagnose their experiences by referring to culturally prescribed explanations (both scientific and supernatural) for the phenomenon.
Editorial: Next Steps
Authors: Weber Mary Beth
Published: April 2015

Welcome to the inaugural issue of the e-only Library Resources and Technical Services (LRTS)! We are starting the year with a new publication model for LRTS. The content and quality of the journal will remain constant, as will the submission criteria and review process. The difference is that you will no longer receive a print copy of the journal, and it will instead be delivered directly to your e-mail. Transitioning to e-only provides new opportunities. It removes page limits required for print and will enable full color copy (perfect for viewing LRTS covers and illustrative matter that accompanies papers). It will also enable us to explore new publication models used by other e-only scholarly journals. I am confident things will proceed smoothly under the watch of Tim Clifford of ALA Production Services, LRTS’s production editor, and Christine McConnell of ALCTS, LRTS’s manager. Tim has handled other ALA journals’ transition to e-only, and Christine has addressed issues related to subscriptions and publicity. I rest assured it will be a seamless transition.
Spilling Out of the Funnel: How Reliance Upon Interlibrary Loan Affects Access to Information
Authors: Knowlton Steven A. , Kristanciuk Iulia , Jabaily Matthew J.
Published: April 2015

Academic libraries that cancel serials titles typically offer interlibrary loan (ILL) as an alternative means to access these titles.This study examines how serials cancellations affect ILL usage and how reliance on ILL affects patrons’ access to content. By analyzing the number of ILL requests from canceled titles, the authors found that cancellations have a very small effect upon overall ILL usage. With the help of Google Analytics, the authors counted patron requests for link resolver access that were converted to ILL requests. When the link resolver was unable to generate a link to full text, it displayed a message to that effect on a link resolver landing page and presented the patron with a choice to request the title through ILL. Google Analytics recorded traffic to and from the link resolver landing page and generated a data set for this study. Analysis of collected data, including ILLiad records, shows that after patrons identify desired articles that require ILL, they only submit ILL requests 31 percent of the time. This means that for every successful ILL request, there are at least two articles desired that are never requested. Implications for collection development are discussed.
Morphology and Properties of Hydrogenated Nitrile Rubber/Poly Hydroxyl Zinc Monomethacrylate Composites by Curing with Peroxide
Authors: Wang Guanzhong , Li Zaifeng , Tian Shuaicheng , Wang Zenglin , Sun Baoquan , Zhang Futao
Published: April 2015

The morphology evolution of hydroxyl zinc monomethacrylate (HZMMA) in hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR) during its formation, and effect of synergistic behavior of HZMMA and carbon black (CB) in HNBR on its properties, were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to probe the reaction of in-situ polymerized HZMMA. The results showed that an ionic polymer interpenetrating HNBR, due to homo-polymerization or graft polymerization of HZMMA solid monomer occurred, and poly-HZMMA particles, confirmed by FTIR and TEM, were formed during the HNBR vulcanization process. This kind of morphology for the HNBR composites played a very significant role in the HNBR reinforcement. At ambient temperature, the mechanical properties of HNBR composite filled with pure PHZMMA was much superior to those of the HNBR/PHZMMA/CB composites; however, when the temperature was increased to above 50°C, the decrease of the tensile strength for the latter was slower, and the tensile strength was always higher than that of the HNBR composites reinforced with pure PHZMMA at the same temperature. The elongation at break above 80°C was also always higher than that of the HNBR/PHZMMA sample. The HNBR/PHZMMA/CB composites showed excellent air oven aging resistance.
Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Polyurethane Elastomers from Hydroxy-Terminated Polybutadiene and Isophorone Diisocyanate Used as Liners for Composite Propellants
Authors: Quagliano J. , Wittemberg V. , Gonzalez J. , Bacigalupe A.
Published: April 2015

In this contribution, we studied mechanical and rheological properties of liners based on hydroxy terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) loaded with titanium dioxide and cured with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) or toluene diisocyanate (TDI). A thixotropic agent (Thixin R) was added, and viscosity was measured as a function of curing time, leading to much lower viscosities and longer pot life values. Mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break) were not significantly affected but viscosity was reduced at all tested concentrations. Loss modulus (G'') and storage modulus (G') were measured during cure time at three different temperatures (7, 25 and 60°C) with IPDI, and at 7 and 25°C for TDI. Both curves did not intersect during the cure period studied (120 minutes) for IPDI but did so for TDI at 25°C with the formulation having a thixotropic additive. These results suggested that liner formulations will flow if sprayed onto the inner surface of the rocket case before propellant is casted.