bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbondioxide rare‐gas systems: Sensitivity of basis sets and double‐hybrid density functionals
Authors: Seal Prasenjit
Published: January 2010

This study emphasizes on the performance of six newly developed double‐hybrid density functionals (DHDF) in explaining the potential energy curves of different carbondioxide rare‐gas systems. The basis set sensitivity has also been explored with the use of three basis sets. Our results suggest that for lighter He/Ne‐CO2 complexes, proper choice of DHDF and basis set lead to results those matches exactly with earlier calculations and also with the experiment. On the other hand, for heavier Ar/Kr‐CO2 complexes although the equilibrium separation distance matches exactly with earlier observations, the interaction energy values lie far apart. The overall investigation emphasizes on the fact that one has to tune the methods and basis sets properly to achieve good and satisfactory results. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Cytokine‐dependent balance of mitogenic effects in primary human lung fibroblasts related to cyclic AMP signaling and phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition
Authors: Selige Jens , Tenor Hermann , Hatzelmann Armin , Dunkern Torsten
Published: January 2010

Interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) are important regulators of proliferation, and their expression is increased in lungs of patients with asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We investigated the effect of IL‐1β and bFGF on proliferation of human lung fibroblasts and the role of COX‐2, PGE2, and cAMP in this process. Furthermore, the effect of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3 and 4 inhibition was analyzed. In primary human lung fibroblasts low concentrations of IL‐1β (<10 pg/ml) potentiated the bFGF‐induced DNA synthesis, whereas higher concentrations revealed antiproliferative effects. Higher concentrations of IL‐1β‐induced COX‐2 mRNA and protein associated with an increase in PGE2and cAMP, and all of these parameters were potentiated by bFGF. The PDE4 inhibitor piclamilast concentration‐dependently reduced proliferation by a partial G1 arrest. The PDE3 inhibitor motapizone was inactive by itself but enhanced the effect of the PDE4 inhibitor. This study demonstrates that bFGF and IL‐1β act in concert to fine‐tune lung fibroblast proliferation resulting in amplification or reduction. The antiproliferative effect of IL‐1β is likely attributed to the induction of COX‐2, which is further potentiated by bFGF, and the subsequent generation of PGE2and cAMP. Inhibition of PDE4 inhibition (rather than PDE3) may diminish proliferation of human lung fibroblasts and therefore could be useful in the therapy of pathological remodeling in lung diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 223: 317–326, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence of lysosomal membrane permeabilization in mucopolysaccharidosis type I: Rupture of calcium and proton homeostasis
Authors: Pereira Vanessa Gonçalves , Gazarini Marcos L. , Rodrigues Lara Cheliz , da Silva Flávia Helena , Han Sang Won , Martins Ana Maria , Tersariol Ivarne L.S. , D'Almeida Vânia
Published: January 2010

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is caused by a deficiency of α‐iduronidase (IDUA), which leads to intralysosomal accumulation of glysosaminoglycans. Patients with MPS I present a wide range of clinical manifestations, but the mechanisms by which these alterations occur are still not fully understood. Genotype–phenotype correlations have not been well established for MPS I; hence, it is likely that secondary and tertiary alterations in cellular metabolism and signaling may contribute to the physiopathology of the disease. The aim of this study was to analyze Ca2+ and H+ homeostasis, lysosomal leakage of cysteine proteases, and apoptosis in a murine model of MPS I. After exposition to specific drugs, cells from Idua−/− mice were shown to release more Ca2+ from the lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum than Idua+/+ control mice, suggesting a higher intraorganelle store of this ion. A lower content of H+ in the lysosomes and in the cytosol was found in cells from Idua−/− mice, suggesting an alteration of pH homeostasis. In addition, Idua−/− cells presented a higher activity of cysteine proteases in the cytosol and an increased rate of apoptotic cells when compared to the control group, indicating that lysosomal membrane permeabilization might occur in this model. Altogether, our results suggest that secondary alterations—as changes in Ca2+ and H+ homeostasis and lysosomal membrane permeabilization—may contribute for cellular damage and death in the physiopathology of MPS I. J. Cell. Physiol. 223: 335–342, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic role of human equilibrative transporter 1 (hENT1) in patients with resected gastric cancer
Authors: Santini Daniele , Vincenzi Bruno , Fratto Maria Elisabetta , Perrone Giuseppe , Lai Raymond , Catalano Vincenzo , Cass Carol , Ruffini Pier Adelchi , Spoto Chiara , Muretto Pietro , Rizzo Sergio , Muda Andrea Onetti , Mackey John R. , Russo Antonio , Tonini Giuseppe , Graziano Francesco
Published: January 2010

Nucleoside transporter proteins are specialized proteins that mediate the transport of nucleosides and nucleoside analog drugs across the plasma membrane. The human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) is a member of these proteins and mediates cellular entry of gemcitabine, cytarabine, and fludarabine. The hENT1 expression has been demonstrated to be related with prognosis and activity of gemcitabine‐based therapy in breast, ampullary, lung, and pancreatic cancer. We investigated the immunohistochemical expression of hENT in tumor samples from 111 patients with resected gastric adenocarcinoma, correlating these data with clinical parameters and disease outcomes. None of the patients received chemotherapy or radiation therapy before or after surgery as a part of an adjuvant or neoadjuvant program. On univariate survival analysis, the hENT1 expression was associated with overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS). Specifically, those patients with overexpression of hENT1 showed a shorter OS (P = 0.021) and a shorter DFS (P = 0.033). Considering only the node positive patients, higher hENT levels were associated with significantly shorter median DFS (21.7 months; 95% CI 11.1–32.4) compared with patients with low expression of hENT1. The hENT1 expression was defined, in the lymph‐node positive patients, as an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.019). Furthermore, considering only patients with diffuse or mixed tumors and lymph‐node positive, the expression of hENT1 was strongly related with DFS and OS. Immunohistochemistry for the hENT1 protein carries prognostic information in patients with resected gastric cancer and holds promise as a predictive factor in chemotherapy decisions. J. Cell. Physiol. 223: 384–388, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of cryopreservation on biological and immunological properties of stem cells from apical papilla
Authors: Ding Gang , Wang Wei , Liu Yi , An Yunqing , Zhang Chunmei , Shi Songtao , Wang Songlin
Published: January 2010

Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP) are a novel population of multipotent stem cells that, although similar to dental pulp stem cells, are a discrete source of dental stem cells. SCAP have potential roles in root development, apexogenesis, pulp/dentin regeneration, and bioroot engineering. However, procedures to store and preserve SCAP for future clinical applications have not been explored. In this study, we compared human freshly isolated SCAP (fSCAP) with cryopreserved SCAP (cSCAP) in terms of cell viability, colony‐forming efficiency, cell proliferation rate, multilineage differentiation potential, profiles of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers, karyotype analysis, and immunological assays. cSCAP showed a similar viable cell ratio, colony‐forming efficiency, cell proliferation rate, multilineage differentiation potential, MSC surface markers, apoptotic rate, and G‐banded karyotype when compared to fSCAP. There was no significant difference between fSCAP and cSCAP with regard to immune properties. In addition, cSCAP of miniature pig possessed the similar proliferation rate, differentiation potential, and immunomodulatory function as seen in fSCAP. This study demonstrates that cryopreservation does not affect the biological and immunological properties of SCAP, supporting the feasibility of SCAP cryopreservation in nitrogen. J. Cell. Physiol. 223: 415–422, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Claw‐free circular‐perfect graphs
Authors: Pêcher Arnaud , Zhu Xuding
Published: January 2010

The circular chromatic number of a graph is a well‐studied refinement of the chromatic number. Circular‐perfect graphs form a superclass of perfect graphs defined by means of this more general coloring concept. This article studies claw‐free circular‐perfect graphs. First, we prove that if G is a connected claw‐free circular‐perfect graph with χ(G)>ω(G), then min{α(G), ω(G)}=2. We use this result to design a polynomial time algorithm that computes the circular chromatic number of claw‐free circular‐perfect graphs. A consequence of the strong perfect graph theorem is that minimal imperfect graphs G have min{α(G), ω(G)}=2. In contrast to this result, it is shown in Z. Pan and X. Zhu [European J Combin 29(4) (2008), 1055–1063] that minimal circular‐imperfect graphs G can have arbitrarily large independence number and arbitrarily large clique number. In this article, we prove that claw‐free minimal circular‐imperfect graphs G have min{α(G), ω(G)}≤3. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 65: 163–172, 2010
Cycle and cocycle coverings of graphs
Authors: McGuinness Sean
Published: January 2010

In this article, we show that for any simple, bridgeless graph G on n vertices, there is a family 𝒞 of at most n−1 cycles which cover the edges of G at least twice. A similar, dual result is also proven for cocycles namely: for any loopless graph G on n vertices and ε edges having cogirth g*⩾3 and k(G) components, there is a family of at most ε−n+k(G) cocycles which cover the edges of G at least twice. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 65: 270–284, 2010
Recent advances in space‐mapping‐based modeling of microwave devices
Authors: Koziel Slawomir , Bandler John W.
Published: January 2010

We review the latest developments in space‐mapping‐based modeling techniques with applications in microwave engineering. We discuss the two techniques that utilize a combination of standard space mapping and function approximation methodologies, in particular fuzzy systems and support vector regression (SVR). In both cases, the initial space‐mapping model is enhanced by an additional term that approximates the differences between the fine model and the initial space‐mapping surrogate. We compare the standard and enhanced space‐mapping models, as well as the fuzzy systems and SVR directly used for modeling fine model data. A discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the presented methods is also given. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adenylyl cyclase regulates heavy metal sensitivity, bikaverin production and plant tissue colonization in Fusarium proliferatum
Authors: Kohut Gábor , Oláh Brigitta , Ádám Attila L. , García‐Martínez Jorge , Hornok László
Published: January 2010

A homologue of the adenylyl cyclase (AC) gene of Neurospora crassa, named Fpacy1 was cloned from the genomic library of Fusarium proliferatum ITEM 2287 by screening the library with a DNA fragment amplified by using PCR primers designed from conserved sequences of the catalytic domain of AC genes from other fungi. The deduced FPACY1 protein had 53–77% identity with the AC proteins of other fungi. ΔFpacy1 mutants obtained by targeted gene disruption showed retarded vegetative growth, increased conidiation and delayed conidial germination. Colonization capability of the mutants, assessed on maize seedlings and tomato fruits also was adversely affected. In sexual crosses the AC mutants retained full male fertility, but their female fertility decreased significantly. Disruption of Fpacy1 abolished vegetative self‐incompatibility, suggesting that the AC gene is involved in multiple developmental processes related to vegetative growth, as well as sexual and parasexual events. The elevated thermo‐ and H2O2‐tolerance of the ΔFpacy1 mutants was coupled to an increased sensitivity towards Cd and Cu, indicating that the cAMP signaling pathway may have both negative and positive regulatory roles on the stress response mechanisms of fungal cells. When grown under nitrogen limitation conditions, the ΔFpacy1 mutants produced an average of ∼274 μg g–1 bikaverin, whereas only traces of this metabolite was detected in the wild type. This finding provides further evidence of the role of the cAMP‐PKA pathway in regulating bikaverin production. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of environmental conditions on extracellular lipases production and fungal morphology from Aspergillus niger MYA 135
Authors: Colin Veronica Leticia , Baigori Mario Domingo , Pera Licia Maria
Published: January 2010

Under the current assay conditions, lipase production in mineral medium was only detected in the presence of vegetable oils, reaching the highest specific activity with olive oil. In this way, effect of different environmental conditions on fungal morphology and olive oil‐induced extracellular lipases production from Aspergillus niger MYA 135 was studied. It was observed that addition of 1.0 g l–1 FeCl3to the medium encouraged filamentous growth and increased the specific activity 6.6 fold after 4 days of incubation compared to the control. However, major novelty of this study was the satisfactory production of an acidic lipase at initial pH 3 of the culture medium (1.74 ± 0.06 mU μg–1), since its potencial applications in food and pharmaceutical industry are highly promising. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Isolation, structure elucidation and biological activity of angucycline antibiotics from an epiphytic yew streptomycete
Authors: Maruna Michal , Sturdikova Maria , Liptaj Tibor , Godany Andrej , Muckova Marta , Certik Milan , Pronayova Nadezda , Proksa Bohumil
Published: January 2010

In the course of study of epiphytic microorganisms occurring on the surface of roots of Taxus baccata L. a new strain Streptomyces sp. AC113 was isolated. According to 16S ribosomal DNA‐based identification the new strain is 99% identical with Streptomyces flavidofuscus. This strain cultivated in an arginine glycerol medium produced three major metabolites identified as (–)‐8‐O ‐methyltetrangomycin (1), 8‐O ‐methyltetrangulol (2) and 8‐O ‐methyl‐7‐deoxo‐7‐hydroxytetrangomycin (3). The chemical structures of these angucyclines were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR as well as by mass spectrometry. Isolated angucycline metabolites showed significant antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Listeria mocytogenes. Cytotoxic activities of compounds 1, 2 and 3 against four cell lines (B16, HT‐29 and non – tumor V79, L929) were evaluated. Compound 3 was the most potent anticancer agents with IC50 0.054 μg/ml against cell line B16. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Axillary staging prior to or after neoadjuvant systemic therapy? A single institutional experience
Authors: Mushawah Fatema Al , Tan Marcus C. , Margenthaler Julie A.
Published: January 2010

Background

The study aim was to investigate our institutional strategies for axillary staging in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy.

Methods

We identified 595 patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy between 2000 and 2007. Axillary staging occurred by four methods: (1) pre‐therapy fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB); (2) pre‐therapy sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB); (3) post‐therapy SLNB; or (4) post‐therapy axillary lymph node dissection (ALND).

Results

Of 595 patients, 115 underwent FNAB (Group 1; 36 N0, 79 N+), 88 underwent SLNB pre‐therapy (Group 2; 47 N0, 41 N+), 55 underwent SLNB post‐therapy (Group 3; 42 N0, 13 N+), and 337 underwent ALND post‐therapy (Group 4; 133 N0, 204 N+). There was no difference between groups according to patient age, race, stage of disease, estrogen/progesterone receptor and Her‐2neu status, or type of neoadjuvant therapy.

Conclusions

The lack of standardized recommendations for axillary staging in the setting of neoadjuvant therapy leads to variable approaches within an institution. The use of ALND without pre‐therapy axillary assessment may result in over‐treatment of patients. Randomized clinical trials are needed to determine the feasibility and accuracy of SLNB following neoadjuvant therapy. Until such data are available, pre‐therapy axillary staging may reduce the number of unnecessary lymph node dissections. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:404–407. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Should direct mesocolon invasion be included in T4 for the staging of gastric cancer?
Authors: Park Jung Hoon , Hyung Woo Jin , Choi Seung Ho , Noh Sung Hoon
Published: January 2010

Background and Objectives

One of the sites most frequently invaded by gastric cancer is the mesocolon; however, the UICC does not mention this anatomical site as an adjacent structure involved in gastric cancer. The purpose of this study was to characterize and classify mesocolon invasion from gastric cancer.

Methods

We examined 806 patients who underwent surgery for advanced gastric carcinoma from 1992 to 2007 at the Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Korea. Among these, patients who showed macroscopically direct invasion into the mesocolon were compared to other patients with advanced gastric cancer.

Results

The curability, number and extent of nodal metastasis, and the survival of the mesocolon invasion group were significantly worse than these factors in the T3 group. However, the survival of the mesocolon invasion group after curative resection was much better than that of patients who had incurable factors.

Conclusions

Mesocolon invasion should be included in T4 for the staging of gastric cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:205–208. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pont hepatique (hepatic bridge), an important anatomic structure in cytoreductive surgery
Authors: Sugarbaker Paul H.
Published: January 2010

Background and Objectives

Cancer dissemination on peritoneal surfaces can be treated by cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. To maximize benefits a complete cancer removal precedes the chemotherapy treatments.

Methods

During cytoreductive surgical procedures a variable bridge of liver parenchyma that covers the round ligament of the liver was observed. This bridge of liver parenchyma is referred to as the pont hepatique (hepatic bridge). Failure to remove tumor nodules from beneath the pont hepatique will result in recurrent disease.

Results

If the pont hepatique is opened as part of a cytoreductive procedure for peritoneal dissemination of cancer, cancer nodules will often be found beneath. These nodules can be removed using electrosurgical dissection taking care to avoid damage to the left hepatic artery.

Conclusions

Division of the pont hepatique and removal of cancer nodules around and on the round ligament will facilitate a complete cytoreduction. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:251–252. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tourism market segmentation in Iran
Authors: Najmi Manoochehr , Sharbatoghlie Ahmad , Jafarieh Ali
Published: January 2010

This study was a prototype segmentation of Iran's inbound tourism market with a concentration on culture. The focus of this paper was to introduce a step by step description of the methodology used to segment Iran's inbound tourism market. In the first phase, cluster analysis was employed to segment the entire market based on two dimensions of tourists' expenditure and cultural traits. In the second phase, the resulting clusters were divided into further subgroups using a common sense approach. Additional variables were utilised to profile the segments, and finally, the segmentation process was verified through outcome analysis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermochemical properties for n‐propyl, iso‐propyl, and tert‐butyl nitroalkanes, alkyl nitrites, and their carbon‐centered radicals
Authors: Snitsiriwat Suarwee , Asatryan Rubik , Bozzelli Joseph W.
Published: January 2010

Density functional theory (DFT) based calculations are performed
on a series of alkyl nitrites and nitroalkanes representing
large‐scale primary, secondary, and tertiary nitro compounds and their radicals resulting from the loss of their skeletal hydrogen atoms. Geometries, vibration frequencies, and thermochemical properties [S°(T) and C°p(T) (10 K ⩽ T ⩽ 5000 K)] are calculated at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) DFT level. ΔfH°298 values are from B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p), B3LYP/6‐31+G(2d,2p), and the composite CBS‐QB3 levels. Potential energy barriers for the internal rotations have been computed at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) level of theory, and the lower barrier contributions are incorporated into entropy and heat capacity data. The standard enthalpies of formation at 298 K are evaluated using isodesmic reaction schemes with several work reactions for each species. Recommended values derived from the most stable conformers of respective nitro‐ and nitrite isomers include −30.57 and −28.44 kcal mol−1 for n‐propane‐, −33.89 and −32.32 kcal mol−1 for iso‐propane‐, −42.78 and −41.36 kcal mol−1 for tert‐butane‐nitro compounds and nitrites, respectively. Entropy and heat capacity values are also reported for the lower homologues: nitromethane, nitroethane, and corresponding nitrites. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 42: 181–199, 2010
Letter to the editor: Electronic data formats for open storage of published chemical kinetic data
Authors: West Richard H. , Magoon Gregory R.
Published: January 2010

In support of the Editor's goal of providing open storage of chemical kinetic data published in the International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, we propose the adoption of XML formats from PrIMe (www.primekinetics.org) for species identification and thermochemical data, and of Chemical Markup Language (CML) for three‐dimensional molecular geometries. Examples are provided in the online supplemental material of an article in this issue (Snitsiriwat, S.; Asatryan, R.; Bozzelli, J. W. Int J Chem Kinet 2010, 42, 181–199). We invite the input and assistance of the international chemical kinetics community in developing and refining these standards. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 42: 200–201, 2010
Dual living donor liver transplantation with ABO-incompatible and ABO-compatible grafts to overcome small-for-size graft and ABO blood group barrier
Authors: Song Gi-Won , Lee Sung-Gyu , Hwang Shin , Kim Ki-Hum , Ahn Chul-Soo , Moon Deok-Bog , Ha Tae-Yong , Kwon Seog-Woon , Ko Gi-Young , Kim Kyoung-Won
Published: January 2010

ABO blood group compatibility has been regarded as an essential prerequisite for successful adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Novel strategies for overcoming the ABO blood group barrier, however, have markedly improved the results of ABO-incompatible (ABOi) LDLT. We describe our strategies for dual graft LDLT to cope with ABO-incompatibility and small-for-size graft syndrome in 3 patients who underwent dual graft LDLT with ABOi and ABO-compatible (ABOc) grafts. One patient received a modified right lobe graft from an ABOi living donor and a left lateral section graft from an ABOc deceased donor, whereas the other 2 patients received 2 left lobe or left lateral section grafts from ABOi and ABOc living donors. To overcome the ABO-blood barrier, each patient was treated with preoperative anti-CD20 antibody (rituximab 375 mg/m2), perioperative plasma exchange, and hepatic arterial infusion. All 3 patients were males, of mean age 47.7 years (range, 40∽52 years) and mean Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score 12.3 (range, 9∽15). The mean graft-to-recipient weight ratio was 0.99%. All patients remain alive after a mean follow-up period of 9.5 months (range, 8.0∽10.7 months). All 6 grafts have functioned normally. There were no episodes of antibody-mediated rejection or biliary complication. Dual LDLT with ABOi and ABOc grafts can be a feasible solution for simultaneously overcoming both the ABO blood group barrier and small-for-size graft syndrome.
Exchange living donor liver transplantation to overcome ABO incompatibility in adult patients
Authors: Hwang Shin , Lee Sung-Gyu , Moon Deok-Bog , Song Gi-Won , Ahn Chul-Soo , Kim Ki-Hun , Ha Tae-Yong , Jung Dong-Hwan , Kim Kwan-Woo , Choi Nam-Kyu , Park Gil-Chun , Yu Young-Dong , Choi Young-Il , Park Pyoung-Jae , Ha Hea-Seon
Published: January 2010

ABO incompatibility is the most common cause of donor rejection during the initial screening of adult patients with end-stage liver disease for living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). A paired donor exchange program was initiated to cope with this problem without ABO-incompatible LDLT. We present our results from the first 6 years of this exchange adult LDLT program. Between July 2003 and June 2009, 1351 adult LDLT procedures, including 16 donor exchanges and 7 ABO-incompatible LDLT procedures, were performed at our institution. Initial donor-recipient ABO incompatibilities included 6 A to B incompatibilities, 6 B to A incompatibilities, 1 A to O incompatibility, 1 A+O (dual graft) to B incompatibility, 1 O to AB incompatibility, and 1 O to A incompatibility. Fourteen matches (87.5%) were ABO-incompatible, but 2 (12.5%) were initially ABO-compatible. All ABO-incompatible donors were directly related to their recipients, but 2 compatible donors were each undirected and unrelated directed. After donor reassignment through paired exchange (n = 7) or domino pairing (n = 1), the donor-recipient ABO status changed to A to A in 6, B to B in 6, O to O in 1, A to AB in 1, A+O to A in 1, and O to B in 1, and this made all matches ABO-identical (n = 13) or ABO-compatible (n = 3). Two pairs of LDLT operations were performed simultaneously on an elective basis in 12 and on an emergency basis in 4. All donors recovered uneventfully. Fifteen of the 16 recipients survived, but 1 died after 54 days. In conclusion, an exchange donor program for adult LDLT appears to be a feasible modality for overcoming donor-recipient ABO incompatibility.
Primary liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis: A comparative analysis of the European Liver Transplant Registry
Authors: Schramm Christoph , Bubenheim Michael , Adam René , Karam Vincent , Buckels John , O'Grady John G. , Jamieson Neville , Pollard Stephen , Neuhaus Peter , Manns Michael M. , Porte Robert , Castaing Denis , Paul Andreas , Traynor Oscar , Garden James , Friman Styrbjörn , Ericzon Bo-Goran , Fischer Lutz , Vitko Stefan , Krawczyk Marek , Metselaar Herold J. , Foss Aksel , Kilic Murat , Rolles Keith , Burra Patrizia , Rogiers Xavier , Lohse Ansgar W.
Published: January 2010

The principal aim of this study was to compare the probability of and potential risk factors for death and graft loss after primary adult and pediatric liver transplantation in patients undergoing transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) to those in patients undergoing transplantation for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC; used as the reference group) or alcoholic cirrhosis (used as an example of a nonautoimmune liver disease). The 5-year survival of patients undergoing transplantation for AIH (n = 827) was 0.73 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.67-0.77]. This was similar to that of patients undergoing transplantation for alcoholic cirrhosis (0.74, 95% CI = 0.72-0.76, n = 6424) but significantly worse than that of patients undergoing transplantation for PBC (0.83, 95% CI = 0.80-0.85, n = 1588). Fatal infectious complications occurred at an increased rate in patients with AIH (hazard ratio = 1.8, P = 0.002 with PBC as the reference). The outcome of pediatric AIH patients was similar to that of adult patients undergoing transplantation up to the age of 50 years. However, the survival of AIH patients undergoing transplantation beyond the age of 50 years (0.61 at 5 years, 95% CI = 0.51-0.70) was significantly reduced in comparison with the survival of young adult AIH patients (0.78 at 18-34 years, 95% CI = 0.70-0.86) and in comparison with the survival of patients of the same age group with PBC or alcoholic cirrhosis. In conclusion, age significantly affects patient survival after liver transplantation for AIH. The increased risk of dying of infectious complications in the early postoperative period, especially above the age of 50 years, should be acknowledged in the management of AIH patients with advanced-stage liver disease who are listed for liver transplantation. It should be noted that not all risk factors relevant to patient and graft survival could be analyzed with the European Liver Transplant Registry database.
Confined modified realizability
Authors: Ferreira Gilda , Oliva Paulo
Published: January 2010

We present a refinement ofthe bounded modified realizability which provides both upper and lower bounds for witnesses. Our interpretation is based on a generalisation of Howard/Bezem's notion of strong majorizability. We show how the bounded modified realizability coincides with (a weak version of) our interpretation in the case when least elements exist (e.g. natural numbers). The new interpretation, however, permits the extraction of more accurate bounds, and provides an ideal setting for dealing directly with data types whose natural ordering is not well‐founded (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Soft ordered semigroups
Authors: Jun Young Bae , Lee Kyoung Ja , Khan Asghar
Published: January 2010

Molodtsov introduced 1999 the concept of soft set as a new mathematical tool for dealing with uncertainties that is free from the difficulties that have troubled the usual theoretical approaches. In this paper we apply the notion of soft sets by Molodtsov to ordered semigroups. The notions of (trivial, whole) soft ordered semigroup, soft ordered subsemigroup, soft left (right) ideal, and left (right) idealistic soft ordered semigroup are introduced, and various related properties are investigated (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analyzing completeness of axiomatic functional systems for temporal × modal logics
Authors: Burrieza Alfredo , de Guzmán Inmaculada P. , Muñoz‐Velasco Emilio
Published: January 2010

In previous works, we presented a modification of the usual possible world semantics by introducing an independent temporal structure in each world and using accessibility functions to represent the relation among them. Different properties ofthe accessibility functions (being injective, surjective, increasing, etc.) have been considered and axiomatic systems (called functional) which define these properties have been given. Only a few ofthese systems have been proved tobe complete. The aim ofthis paper is to make a progress in the study ofcompleteness for functional systems. For this end, we use indexes as names for temporal flows and give new proofs of completeness. Specifically, we focus our attention on the system which defines injectivity, because the system which defines this property without using indexes was proved to be incomplete in previous works. The only system considered which remains incomplete is the one which defines surjectivity, even ifwe consider a sequence ofnatural extensions ofthe previous one (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Degree spectra and immunity properties
Authors: Csima Barbara F. , Kalimullin Iskander S.
Published: January 2010

We analyze the degree spectra of structures in which different types of immunity conditions are encoded. In particular, we give an example of a structure whose degree spectrum coincides with the hyperimmune degrees. As a corollary, this shows the existence of an almost computable structure of which the complement of the degree spectrum is uncountable (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Opposing actions of insulin and arsenite converge on PKCδ to alter keratinocyte proliferative potential and differentiation
Authors: Reznikova Tatiana V. , Phillips Marjorie A. , Patterson Timothy J. , Rice Robert H.
Published: January 2010

When cultured human keratinocytes reach confluence, they undergo a program of changes replicating features of differentiation in vivo, including exit from the proliferative pool, increased cell size, and expression of specialized differentiation marker proteins. Previously, we showed that insulin is required for some of these steps and that arsenite, a human carcinogen in skin and other epithelia, opposes the differentiation process. In present work, we show that insulin signaling, probably through the IGF‐I receptor, is required for the increase in cell size accompanying differentiation and that this is opposed by arsenite. We further examine the impact of insulin and arsenite on PKCδ, a known key regulator of keratinocyte differentiation, and show that insulin increases the amount, tyrosine phosphorylation, and membrane localization of PKCδ. All these effects are prevented by exposure of cells to arsenite or to inhibitors of downstream effectors of insulin (phosphotidylinositol 3‐kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin). Retrovirally mediated expression of activated PKCδ resulted in increased loss of proliferative potential after confluence and greatly increased formation of cross‐linked envelopes, a marker of keratinocyte terminal differentiation. These effects were prevented by removal of insulin, but not by arsenite addition. We further demonstrate a role for src family kinases in regulation of PKCδ. Finally, inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor kinase activity diminished the ability of arsenite to prevent cell enlargement and to suppress insulin‐dependent PKCδ amount and tyrosine 311 phosphorylation. Thus suppression of PKCδ signaling is a critical feature of arsenite action in preventing keratinocyte differentiation and maintaining proliferative capability. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhanced expression of cancer testis antigen genes in glioma stem cells
Authors: Yawata Toshio , Nakai Eiichi , Park Kae Chang , Chihara Takahiro , Kumazawa Ayano , Toyonaga Shinichi , Masahira Takanori , Nakabayashi Hiromichi , Kaji Takao , Shimizu Keiji
Published: January 2010

Cancer stem cells are an important target for effective therapy, since they show tumorigenicity, chemoresistance, and radioresistance. We isolated cancer stem cells from glioma cell lines and tissues and examined the expression of cancer testis antigen (CTA) genes as potential target molecules for cancer vaccine therapy. CTA genes were highly and frequently expressed in cancer stem cells compared with differentiated cells. In addition, histone acetylation levels in the promoter regions of CTA genes were high in cancer stem cells and low in differentiated cells, while DNA methylation analysis of the promoter regions revealed hypomethylation in cancer stem cells. This epigenetic difference between cells leads to heterogeneous expression of CTA genes in the tumor mass, which consists of cells at various levels of differentiation. Moreover, the expression level of HLA class I antigens was not affected by the differentiation status, suggesting that CTA genes may present as surface antigens in cancer stem cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that CTA genes may be attractive candidates for targeted vaccine therapy against cancer stem cells in glioma patients. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Therapeutic potential of nucleic acid‐binding isoquinoline alkaloids: Binding aspects and implications for drug design
Authors: Bhadra Kakali , Kumar Gopinatha Suresh
Published: January 2010

Isoquinoline alkaloids represent a group of natural products with remarkable importance in the contemporary biomedical research and drug discovery programs. Several members of this group exhibit immense pharmacological and biological properties, including potential anticancer properties. Although the molecular targets of these alkaloids are not yet clearly delineated, extensive research in this area continues to build up new data that are clinically exploitable. The gross structural features of many of the members DNA interaction are more or less clear, but the mystery still remains on many aspects of their binding, including specificity and energetics. RNA‐binding aspects of these alkaloids are being elucidated. More recent advancements in analytical instrumentation have enabled clearer elucidation and correlation of the structural and energetic aspects of the interaction. In this review, we report up‐to‐date details of the interaction of berberine, palmatine, and jatrorrhizine of the protoberberine group, sanguinarine from the benzophananthridine group, and several of their synthetic derivatives, such as coralyne, berberrubine, palmatrubine, and jatrorubin with nucleic acids have been reviewed. These studies, taken together up to now, have led to interesting knowledge on the mode, mechanism, specificity of binding, and correlation between structural aspects and energetics enabling a complete set of guidelines for design of new drugs. In contemporary research, several derivatives of these natural alkaloids are being prepared and investigated in several laboratories for ultimate discovery of new compounds that can be used as effective therapeutic agents. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev 31:821‐862, 2011
Measuring patient satisfaction with exercise therapy for knee osteoarthritis: evaluating the utility of the physiotherapy outpatient survey
Authors: French H.P. , Keogan F. , Gilsenan C. , Waldron L. , O'Connell P.
Published: January 2010

Objectives. To assess patient satisfaction with exercise for knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods. A convenience sample of 27 patients recruited to a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing open kinetic chain and closed kinetic chain exercises for knee OA were reassessed at nine months post‐randomization. Clinical outcomes included self‐report and physical performance measures of function and pain severity. Patients also completed the Physiotherapy Outpatient Survey (POPS), which is a multi‐dimensional measure of patient satisfaction with physiotherapy. Results. There was no significant difference in satisfaction between the two intervention groups. Overall mean satisfaction for the entire cohort was 4.07 of a maximum score of 5 (standard deviation (SD) = 0.52). Lower levels of satisfaction with outcome (mean = 3.56, SD = 0.8) were reported compared with other domains of expectations, communication, organization and the therapist (mean = 3.79–4.49; SDs = 0.42–0.92). Both intervention groups improved from baseline on clinical outcomes of pain, self‐report function and walking distance, with no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions. High levels of satisfaction were reported in this subsample of knee OA patients participating in an RCT evaluating the effects of different exercise approaches for knee OA. Satisfaction varied depending on the satisfaction domain, with lower satisfaction with outcome compared with other aspects of care. The POPS questionnaire can be used to measure the multi‐dimensional aspects of satisfaction with physiotherapy. Copyright ? 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Somatosensory evoked potential monitoring of the brachial plexus during a woodward procedure for correction of Sprengel's deformity
Authors: Shea Kevin G. , Apel Peter J. , Showalter Larry D. , Bell William L.
Published: January 2010

Sprengel's deformity is the most common congenital deformity of the shoulder. A known complication of correcting this deformity is brachial plexus palsy. In this study we used somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) monitoring during correction of a Sprengel's deformity and identified an early iatrogenic brachial plexus injury. The operation was modified, and permanent nerve injury was avoided. We recommend that SSEP monitoring be considered in procedures to correct Sprengel's deformity. Muscle Nerve 41: 262–264, 2010
A practical method to estimate crack openings in concrete structures
Authors: Matallah M. , La Borderie C. , Maurel O.
Published: January 2010

Numerical modelling of concrete cracking requires robust models able to describe opening and propagation of cracks. Structural concrete codes provide practical relations to describe crack openings. However, these empirical methods were developed for specific structures and cannot be used for general applications. Here, a continuous modelling approach based on damage mechanics is used to compute crack openings in a tie‐beam concrete structure. We propose a post‐processing method to extract crack openings from a continuum damage finite element computation. This method can be applied to all continuum damage/plasticity models. The tie‐beam concrete is characterized by a weak stress gradient; this aspect complicates predictions of crack positions and number. A stochastic method is used to take into account the spatial variability in concrete properties and create a spatially correlated random property field. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Androgen depletion up‐regulates cadherin‐11 expression in prostate cancer
Authors: Lee Yu‐Chen , Cheng Chien‐Jui , Huang Miao , Bilen Mehmet A , Ye Xiangcang , Navone Nora M , Chu Khoi , Kao Hsin‐Hsin , Yu‐Lee Li‐Yuan , Wang Zhengxin , Lin Sue‐Hwa
Published: January 2010

Men with castration‐resistant prostate cancer (PCa) frequently develop metastasis in bone. The reason for this association is unclear. We have previously shown that cadherin‐11 (also known as OB‐cadherin), a homophilic cell adhesion molecule that mediates osteoblast adhesion, plays a role in the metastasis of PCa to bone. Here, we report that androgen‐deprivation therapy up‐regulates cadherin‐11 expression in PCa. In human PCa specimens, immunohistochemical staining showed that 22/26 (85%) primary PCa tumours from men with castration‐resistant PCa expressed cadherin‐11. In contrast, only 7/50 (14%) androgen‐dependent PCa tumours expressed cadherin‐11. In the MDA–PCa‐2b xenograft animal model, cadherin‐11 was expressed in the recurrent tumours following castration. In the PCa cell lines, there is an inverse correlation between expression of cadherin‐11 and androgen receptor (AR), and cadherin‐11 is expressed in very low levels or not expressed in AR‐positive cell lines, including LNCaP, C4‐2B4 and VCaP cells. We showed that AR likely regulates cadherin‐11 expression in PCa through an indirect mechanism. Although re‐expression of AR in the AR‐negative PC3 cells led to the inhibition of cadherin‐11 expression, depletion of androgen from the culture medium or down‐regulation of AR by RNA interference in the C4‐2B4 cells or VCaP cells only produced a modest increase of cadherin‐11 expression. Promoter analysis indicated that cadherin‐11 promoter does not contain a typical AR‐binding element, and AR elicits a modest inhibition of cadherin‐11 promoter activity, suggesting that AR does not regulate cadherin‐11 expression directly. Together, these results suggest that androgen deprivation up‐regulates cadherin‐11 expression in prostate cancer, and this may contribute to the metastasis of PCa to bone. Our study suggests that therapeutic strategies that block cadherin‐11 expression or function may be considered when applying androgen‐ablation therapy. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High efficiency all‐GaAs solar cell
Authors: Belghachi Abderrahmane , Helmaoui Abderrachid , Cheknane Ali
Published: January 2010

The reduction of surface recombination in GaAs solar cells is known to be a major concern for photovoltaic cells designers. A common technique used to reduce this effect is to cover the GaAs surface with a wide band gap window layer, therefore the creation of a heterojunction. To avoid a heterojunction with its inconveniences; interface surface states, poor photon absorption in addition to the technological exigencies, one can use an all‐GaAs solar cell. In this type of structure, a thin highly doped layer is created at the surface known as a front surface field (FSF). The main role of an FSF layer is to reduce the effect of front surface recombination and the enhancement of light‐generated free carriers' collection. This is achieved by the drastic reduction of the effective recombination at the emitter upper boundary. In this work, a simple analytical model is used to simulate the influence of the FSF layer on GaAs solar cell parameters; photocurrent, open circuit voltage and energy conversion efficiency. The effects of the FSF layer doping density and its thickness on the cell performance are discussed by using computed results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trans‐Proteomic Pipeline supports and improves analysis of electron transfer dissociation data sets
Authors: Deutsch Eric W. , Shteynberg David , Lam Henry , Sun Zhi , Eng Jimmy K. , Carapito Christine , von Haller Priska D. , Tasman Natalie , Mendoza Luis , Farrah Terry , Aebersold Ruedi
Published: January 2010

Electron transfer dissociation (ETD) is an alternative fragmentation technique to CID that has recently become commercially available. ETD has several advantages over CID. It is less prone to fragmenting amino acid side chains, especially those that are modified, thus yielding fragment ion spectra with more uniform peak intensities. Further, precursor ions of longer peptides and higher charge states can be fragmented and identified. However, analysis of ETD spectra has a few important differences that require the optimization of the software packages used for the analysis of CID data or the development of specialized tools. We have adapted the Trans‐Proteomic Pipeline to process ETD data. Specifically, we have added support for fragment ion spectra from high‐charge precursors, compatibility with charge‐state estimation algorithms, provisions for the use of the Lys‐C protease, capabilities for ETD spectrum library building, and updates to the data formats to differentiate CID and ETD spectra. We show the results of processing data sets from several different types of ETD instruments and demonstrate that application of the ETD‐enhanced Trans‐Proteomic Pipeline can increase the number of spectrum identifications at a fixed false discovery rate by as much as 100% over native output from a single sequence search engine.
Studies on the adsorption of arsenic on calix[6]arene
Authors: Chennakesavulu K. , Raju G. Bhaskar , Prabhakar S.
Published: January 2010

p‐tert‐butyl calix[6]arene (PTC6) was synthesized and characterized by solid‐ and liquid‐state NMR and LC‐MS techniques. The adsorption of arsenite and arsenate on calix[6]arene under different pH conditions and adsorbate doses was studied. The maximum adsorption of arsenic species on calix[6]arene was observed around neutral pH and the adsorption density of As (III) was higher than that of As (V). The adsorption of neutral H3AsO3 and negatively charged H2AsO molecules on calix[6]arene was attributed to the condensation reaction between hydroxyl groups of PTC6 and arsenic species. The complexation of arsenite with phenolic oxygen was confirmed by solid‐state 13C NMR CP‐MAS. Exo attack mechanism was proposed to describe the interaction of arsenous and arsenic acid molecules with PTC6. The specific interaction between calix[6]arene and arsenic species was further substantiated by zeta‐potential (ζ‐potential) measurements and free energy of adsorption. The free energy of adsorption ($\Delta G_{{\rm ads}}^{\rm o} $) estimated from Stern–Grahame equation was found to be 25 kJ/mole for As (III) and 19 kJ/mole for As (V). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.