bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colonization of decomposing Sphagnum moss litter by mycorrhizal roots in two types of peatland ecosystems
Authors: Wilk Mateusz , Pawłowska Julia , Wrzosek Marta , Gorczak Michał , Suska-Malawska Małgorzata
Published: November 2014

During a 35-month study on the decomposition of Sphagnum moss litter in poor fen and pine bog forest, an intensive colonization of litter-bags by mycorrhizal roots was observed during the decomposition process. Content of mycorrhizal roots in litter-bags, expressed as % mass of roots, was generally increasing during the decomposition in pine bog forest, and fluctuating during decomposition on poor fen, although in both cases the results were statistically insignificant. Two morphotypes of ericoid roots and two morphotypes of ectomycorrhizal roots were recorded from litter-bags on poor fen during the decomposition experiment, while in pine bog forest one morphotype of ericoid and nine morphotypes of ectomycorrhizal roots were recorded. Molecular identification of mycorrhizal roots succeeded only in the case of one ericoid and six putatively ectomycorrhizal morphotypes. Most morphotypes were recorded only once during the whole 35-month decomposition period, and only one ericoid and one ectomycorrhizal morphotypes were shared between the poor fen and pine bog forest communities.
Living in the senses and learning with love – John MacMurray’s philosophy of embodied emotion
Authors: MacAllister James , Thorburn Malcolm
Published: November 2014

In this article we analyse the central role that the body plays in John MacMurray’s account of learning to be human. As with Merleau-Ponty, MacMurray rejected mind-body dualisms and argued for the need to understand what it means to be a person. Through our analysis we highlight the key principles that characterize MacMurray’s philosophy in relation to personhood and the body, namely: 1) all human knowledge and action should be for the sake of friendship and 2) human persons exist first and foremost in their bodies as ‘knowing agents’ rather than in their minds as ‘knowing subjects’. We thereafter explain MacMurray’s views on education and how it must support people to live in personal rather than functional relation with each other by attending more to bodily experience and education of the emotions. Accordingly, MacMurray considered that persons can either ‘use’ their bodily senses as mere instruments for functional purposes or they can ‘live’ in their bodily senses by learning to love (not ‘using’ but rather apprehending the real value of) other persons. In conclusion, we suggest that MacMurray’s philosophy can open up a different way of thinking about the educational value of physical activity. For MacMurray shared physical pursuits are especially educational when carried out for their own sake and when all persons’ present experience moments of bodily joy and togetherness and a better understanding of each other.
The First Adam-Second Adam Typology in John Chrysostom and Cyril of Alexandria
Authors: Naidu Ashish J.
Published: November 2014

Patristic scholars have commented on the early church’s common practice of drawing catechetical instructions from the creation account in Genesis. One of the recurring motifs in such discussions is the fathers’ use of the Adam-Christ typology with its soteriological and sacramental implications. The present study briefly explores this theme in John Chrysostom and Cyril of Alexandria with particular reference to the baptism of Jesus and the theological challenge it posed to the early church: Did Jesus the Lord receive the Spirit at his baptism? Why did he need to be baptized? What is the relationship between the baptism of Jesus and Christian baptism? Both Cyril and Chrysostom make insightful use of the Adamic typology in this context as they discuss how Christ’s work restores fallen humanity from corruption and death that followed Adam’s sin. First, the study examines how the aforementioned fathers from two distinct traditions view the baptism of Jesus in the recovery of God’s grace that was lost in Adam’s fall. Second, the study will demonstrate that both Chrysostom and Cyril had much in common in their understanding of the transforming grace and work of the Spirit in refashioning the believer into a new creation at baptism. And third, it will be shown that there was a consensus on soteriological and sacramental perspectives among the Alexandrians and the Antiochenes.
Synergistic Interactions in Mixed W/O Microemulsions of Cationic Gemini and Anionic Surfactants
Authors: Chai Jinling , Liu Ningning , Liu Ning , Zhang Hengming , Chai Haihui , Liu Zhongchun
Published: November 2014

The synergic effect between cationic Gemini imidazolium surfactant [C12(Bim)2-2Br] and anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the physicochemical properties of the W/O microemulsions was studied. The properties include the molar fraction of the alcohol at the interfacial layer (Xa
i), the molar fraction of the alcohol in the oil phase (Xa
o), and the Gibbs free energy change (−Δ Go → i
o) of transferring alcohol from the continuous oil phase to the interfacial layer. The W/O microemulsion systems contain C12(Bim)2-2Br-SDS/butan-1-ol/octane/5 % NaCl solution. The values of Xa
i and Xa
o obtained from the W/O microemulsions containing the mixed surfactants are smaller than that of the microemulsion systems containing the single surfactant C12(Bim)2-2Br or SDS, while the values of −Δ Go → i
o are larger. This showed the existence of synergism between [C12(Bim)2-2Br] and SDS. The effects of alcohols, alkanes and NaCl concentrations on the values of Xa
i, Xa
o and −Δ Go → i
o, in the W/O microemulsions stabilized by C12(Bim)2-2Br and SDS were also investigated and discussed.
Conflicting pathology reports: a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Shahar Tal , Rozovski Uri , Shapira Yuval , Nossek Erez , Zelikovich Bracha , Jossiphov Joseph , Ram Zvi , Kanner Andrew A. , Siegal Tali , Blumenthal Deborah T. , Lavon Iris
Published: November 2014

The differential diagnosis of a brain lesion with two discordant pathology reports includes the presence of collision tumor, metaplastic changes, and labeling errors that occurred during the processing of the specimen. The authors present a case in which the first brain biopsy from a 47-year-old patient with a history of heavy smoking was compatible with metastatic small cell carcinoma, and the second biopsy taken during decompression craniotomy 3 weeks later was compatible with WHO Grade IV glioblastoma. Using short tandem repeat (STR) analysis of the two specimens and nontumor-derived patient DNA, the authors found that the two specimens did not belong to the same individual. The authors conclude that allele imbalance or loss of heterozygosity detected by STR analysis is a reliable and valuable diagnostic tool for clarifying discrepancies in discordant pathology reports.
Factors Precipitating Hypokalemia in Diabetic Patients: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Ahmed Sheikh Salahuddin , Nur Fazle , Ullah Md Rahamat , Mamun Abdullah Al , Khan Md Aminul Haque
Published: November 2014

Background: Hypokalemia is a very common electrolyte imbalance in diabetic patients which leads to substantial morbidity and mortality. Severe hypokalemia is associated with lifethreatening arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. There are no adequate studies regarding the incidence and factors precipitating hypokalemia in Bangladeshi diabetic subjects. Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the factors precipitaing hypokalemia in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: A total 95 admitted diabetic patients with hypokalemia were studied. Specimens were collected from all adult diabetic patients with serum potassium level <3.5 mmol/L irrespective of cause of admission. Informations were obtained in a semistructured data collection form and analyzed. Results: Most of the subjects (61.1%) belonged to the age group of 60 years and above, 31.5% to the age group 4059 years and 7.4% belonged to the age group of 2039 years. Sixty one (64.2%) patients were females and 34 (35.8%) were males. In 63.2% cases, vomiting was found as a factor causing hypokalemia in the diabetic patients. Other common factors precipitaing hypokalemia were diarrhea (42.1%), inadequate diet (9.5%), severe hyperglycemia (3,2%), diabetic ketoacidosis (6.3%) and drugs especially diuretics (18.9%), bronchodilators (6.3%) and steroids (5.3%). The commonest comorbidity associated with diabetes was hypertension. Conclusion: In this study the commonest precipitating factor causing hypokalemia was vomiting. Majority of hypokalemic patients were female and of older age group. When hypokalemia is identified, the underlying precipitating factor should be sought and the disorder treated. Diuretics should be used with caution in the elderly patients having hypertension, a common comorbid condition of diabetes, as these patients are susceptible to develop hypokalemia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v4i3.20940 J Enam Med Col 2014; 4(3): 145-150
Sigmoid Colonic Perforation with Faecal Peritonitis due to Faecaloma
Authors: Khalil Ibrahim , Paul Deb Proshad , Iqbal Kazi Shohel , Das Debashish
Published: November 2014

Colon perforation is an uncommon event usually caused by malignancy, diverticular disease, amoebic colitis, steroid therapy, trauma and ulcerative colitis, but stercoral perforation is very rare. Severe chronic constipation is considered to be the main causative factor in development of stercoral perforation of colon. Sometimes it can also produce catastrophic complications like colonic obstruction, faecal peritonitis and septicaemia. We report a rare case of sigmoid colonic perforation with faecal peritonitis and pneumoperitonium due to faecaloma which was diagnosed after exploratory laparotomy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v4i3.20959 J Enam Med Col 2014; 4(3): 188-190
How prepared are medical students to diagnose and manage common ocular conditions
Authors: Esparaz Elizabeth Shanika , Binder S. Bruce , Borges Nicole J.
Published: November 2014

It is essential that primary care physicians have a solid fund of knowledge of the diagnosis and management of common eye conditions as well as ocular emergencies, as management of these diseases commonly involves appropriate referral to an ophthalmologist. Thus, it is crucial to receive comprehensive clinical knowledge of ophthalmic disease in the primary care setting during medical school. This study investigated how well prepared medical students are to diagnose and manage common ocular conditions. The study used scores from a standardized 12-question quiz administered to fourth-year medical students (N = 97; 88% response rate) and second-year medical students (N = 97; 97% response rate). The quiz comprising diagnosis and referral management questions covered the most frequently tested ophthalmology topics on board exams and assessed students’ ability to recognize when referral to an ophthalmologist is appropriate. Fourth-year medical students had quiz scores ranging from 0%-94.5% with an average score of 68.7%. Second-year students had quiz scores ranging from 27.2%–86.4%, with an average score of 63.8%. Passing rate was 70%. Student’s t-test showed fourth-year students had a significantly higher quiz average (P = 0.003). In general, both classes performed better on diagnostic questions (fourth-year, 73.7%; second year, 65.8%) rather than on management questions (fourth-year, 64.8%; second year, 61.8%). Both second-year and fourth-year students on average fell short on passing the ophthalmology proficiency quiz, and in general students were more adept at diagnosing rather than managing ocular conditions and emergencies.
Analysing the Semiotic Potential of Typographic Resources in Picture Books in English and in Translation
Authors: Unsworth Len , Meneses Alejandra , Ow González Maili , Castillo Guillermo
Published: November 2014

Picture books frequently make use of distinctive typography to indicate emphasis or evaluative expression, distinguish particular characters and contribute to the interpretive possibilities of the narrative in a variety of ways. However, the potential significance of typography is not always taken into account in discussion of the interpretation of children's literature or in picture book translation. In this paper we investigate the influence of typography in interaction with language choices on the interpretive possibilities of Oliver Jeffers' picture book STUCK (2011) and discuss the interpretive impact of the different typography and language choices in the Spanish translation, ATRAPADOS ( Jeffers, 2012 ). Our investigation is informed by recent semiotic work on typography and accounts of evaluative resources in English, drawing on systemic functional linguistics and its application to researching the literary narrative techniques of picture books. Our analyses illuminate the relationships among the narrative genre, grammar, typography and thematic interpretation of the texts and how the latter is influenced by translation. The importance of further exploration of typography in picture books and extension to the ‘animated’ typographical resources in electronic versions of picture books is briefly noted.
Morpholino-Mediated Isoform Modulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (VEGFR2) Reduces Colon Cancer Xenograft Growth
Authors: Stagg Brian , Uehara Hironori , Lambert Nathan , Rai Ruju , Gupta Isha , Radmall Bryce , Bates Taylor , Ambati Balamurali
Published: November 2014

Angiogenesis plays a key role in tumor growth. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a pro-angiogenic that is involved in tumor angiogenesis. When VEGF binds to membrane-bound vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (mVEGFR2), it promotes angiogenesis. Through alternative polyadenylation, VEGFR2 is also expressed in a soluble form (sVEGFR2). sVEGFR2 sequesters VEGF and is therefore anti-angiogenic. The aim of this study was to show that treatment with a previously developed and reported antisense morpholino oligomer that shifts expression from mVEGFR2 to sVEGFR2 would lead to reduced tumor vascularization and growth in a murine colon cancer xenograft model. Xenografts were generated by implanting human HCT-116 colon cancer cells into the flanks of NMRI nu/nu mice. Treatment with the therapeutic morpholino reduced both tumor growth and tumor vascularization. Because the HCT-116 cells used for the experiments did not express VEGFR2 and because the treatment morpholino targeted mouse rather than human VEGFR2, it is likely that treatment morpholino was acting on the mouse endothelial cells rather than directly on the tumor cells.
Grazer Functional Roles, Induced Defenses, and Indirect Interactions: Implications for Eelgrass Restoration in San Francisco Bay
Authors: Lewis Jeffrey , Boyer Katharyn
Published: November 2014

Understanding the individual and interactive roles of consumer species is more than academic when the host plant is a subject of intense conservation interest. In a mesocosm experiment, we compared effects of common invertebrate grazers in San Francisco Bay seagrass (Zostera marina, eelgrass) beds, finding that some species (a native opisthobranch, Phyllaplysia taylori; a native isopod, Idotea resecata; and an introduced gastropod, Ilyanassa obsoleta) enhanced eelgrass growth through removal of epiphytic algae, as is often predicted for small invertebrate grazers on seagrasses, while one (an introduced caprellid amphipod, Caprella cf. drepanochir) had neutral effects. In contrast, the putatively-introduced gammaridean amphipod, Ampithoe valida, had strong negative effects on eelgrass (in addition to epiphytes) through consumption, as we had previously observed in the field during restoration programs. We tested whether other common grazer species could influence the effects of the eelgrass-grazing Ampithoe, and found that Idotea induced production of phenolic compounds and limited eelgrass damage by Ampithoe, without affecting Ampithoe abundance. These results have implications for restoration strategies, and contribute to a growing awareness of the importance of trait-mediated indirect grazer interactions through grazer-induced changes in plant traits, providing the first example in a seagrass system.
Assessing the Influence of Nonpoint Source and Discharge Changes on Water Quality in a Tidal River Estuary Using a Three-Dimensional Model
Authors: Liu Wen-Cheng , Chan Wen-Ting
Published: November 2014

The change of nonpoint source and freshwater discharge as a result of land use change might affect the water quality in a river. In the current study, a coupled three-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model was created and applied to the Danshuei River estuarine system and its adjacent coastal ocean. The hydrodynamic and water quality models were validated using observations of water surface elevation, salinity distribution and water quality state variables. The predictions of hydrodynamics, salinity, dissolved oxygen and nutrients from the model simulation quantitatively agreed with the observational data. The validated model was then used to investigate the possible effects of the nonpoint source and freshwater discharge changes at the upstream reaches on water quality conditions in the Danshuei River estuarine system. Three scenarios were investigated to predict the dissolved oxygen using model simulations. The simulated results indicated that increasing nonpoint sources at the upstream reaches degraded the dissolved oxygen under low flow conditions. However, increasing freshwater discharges at the upstream reaches would overcome the loadings of the nonpoint source, which would result in increasing the dissolved oxygen in the tidal river estuary. The model can provide a useful tool for developing management practices for nonpoint sources to protect the water quality in the estuarine system.
Effects of a Wildfire on Selected Physical, Chemical and Biochemical Soil Properties in a Pinus massoniana Forest in South China
Authors: Xue Li , Li Qiujing , Chen Hongyue
Published: November 2014

Pinus massoniana forests bordering South China are often affected by wildfires. Fires cause major changes in soil properties in many forest types but little is known about the effects of fire on soil properties in these P. massoniana forests. Such knowledge is important for providing a comprehensive understanding of wildfire effects on soil patterns and for planning appropriate long-term forest management in these forests. Changes in soil physical properties, carbon, nutrients, and enzymes were investigated in a P. massoniana forest along a wildfire-induced time span consisting of an unburned soil, and soils 0, one, four, and seven years post-fire. Soil (0–10 cm) was collected from burned and unburned sites immediately and one, four, and seven years after a wildfire. The wildfire effects on soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities were significantly different among treatment variation, time variation, and treatment-by-time interaction. Significant short-term effects on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties were found, which resulted in a deterioration of soil physical properties by increasing soil bulk density and decreasing macropores and capillary moisture. Soil pH increased significantly in the soil one-year post-fire. Carbon, total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and available N and P increased significantly immediately and one year after the wildfire and decreased progressively to concentrations lower than in the unburned soil. Total potassium (K) and exchangeable K increased immediately after the wildfire and then continuously decreased along the burned time-span. Urease, acid phosphatase, and catalase activities significantly decreased compared to those in the unburned soil. In fire-prone P. massoniana forests, wildfires may significantly influence soil physical properties, carbon, nutrients, and enzyme activity.
Looking into a Conceptual Framework of ROS–miRNA–Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Lee Seahyoung , Choi Eunhyun , Cha Min-Ji , Hwang Ki-Chul
Published: November 2014

Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been recognized as a major cause of cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent recent additions to the collection of biomolecules involved in arrhythmogenesis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been independently linked to both AF and miRNA regulation. However, no attempts have been made to investigate the possibility of a framework composed of ROS–miRNA–AF that is related to arrhythmia development. Therefore, this review was designed as an attempt to offer a new approach to understanding AF pathogenesis. The aim of this review was to find and to summarize possible connections that exist among AF, miRNAs and ROS to understand the interactions among the molecular entities underlying arrhythmia development in the hopes of finding unappreciated mechanisms of AF. These findings may lead us to innovative therapies for AF, which can be a life-threatening heart condition. A systemic literature review indicated that miRNAs associated with AF might be regulated by ROS, suggesting the possibility that miRNAs translate cellular stressors, such as ROS, into AF pathogenesis. Further studies with a more appropriate experimental design to either prove or disprove the existence of an ROS–miRNA–AF framework are strongly encouraged.
Distinct Properties of Nanofibrous Amorphous Ice
Authors: Cai Fanyi , Xu Chunye , Zheng Jianming
Published: November 2014

We make glassy water in the form of nanofibers by electrospraying liquid water into a hyperquenching chamber. It is measured with means of differential scanning calorimetry, wide angle X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. It is found that two apparent glass transitions at Tg1 = 136 K and Tg2 = 228 K are detected and non-crystallized water is observed at temperatures up to 228 K. This finding may expand the research objects for liquid water at low temperatures.
Synthesis of Chiral Chalcone Derivatives Catalyzed by the Chiral Cinchona Alkaloid Squaramide
Authors: Xie Dandan , Xie Ying , Ding Yan , Wu Jian , Hu Deyu
Published: November 2014

An effective method has been developed for the preparation of novel chiral chalcone derivatives under mild conditions from the easily accessible starting materials nitromethane and chalcone derivatives 2. The corresponding products were obtained in moderate yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99%).
Evidence Based Improvements in Clinical Pharmacy Clerkship Program in Undergraduate Pharmacy Education: The Evidence Based Improvement (EBI) Initiative
Authors: Abbas Atta
Published: November 2014

Although clinical pharmacy training in Pakistan is a novelty in the undergraduate pharmacy curriculum, it has significantly improved the practical knowledge of the undergraduate students with regards practice of pharmacy in health care settings. The implementation of the curriculum change was a major innovation but the possible negative implications were not contemplated at the time of execution and combined with a failure in regular review and assessment of the plan. This led to undesirable outcomes such as breaching of health care protocols and ethics by students, inadequate aptitude and poor clinical research skills. These shortcomings were analyzed and an evidence based improvement program known as the Evidence Based Improvement (EBI) initiative was designed containing structured modules to empower undergraduates in those areas. It was implemented by the authorities and has led to positive outcomes which render it very useful and this improvement program can serve as a guide to develop clinical pharmacy training programs in those countries where the practice of pharmacy is evolving.
Towards Marine Spatial Planning in Southern Taiwan
Authors: Lee Meng-Tsung , Wu Chin-Cheng , Ho Ching-Hsien , Liu Wen-Hong
Published: November 2014

Due to population growth, rapid economic development and inadequate marine control, the use of ocean and coastal regions in Taiwan has become more frequent and intense in recent years. However, the lack of comprehensive marine and coastal planning in this island nation has led to many conflicts over space and resources and limited its ability to prepare for and respond to environmental hazards, thus threatening national security as well as the safety and property of its citizens. This study proposes a marine zoning scheme for southern Taiwan. The results show that many important habitats in the southern sea areas have not been properly protected due to the extremely small size of the marine protected area. Furthermore, the majority of the conflicts derive from the exclusive fishing right vs. other uses such as marine conservation. Therefore, it is crucial to establish the marine spatial planning (MSP) for the Southern Taiwan to deal with the conflicts of use seas and uncertainties associated with complex, heterogeneous, and dynamic marine system.
G-Cloud Monitor: A Cloud Monitoring System for Factory Automation for Sustainable Green Computing
Authors: Jeong Hwa-Young , Jeong Young-Sik , Park Jong
Published: November 2014

Green and cloud computing (G-cloud) are new trends in all areas of computing. The G-cloud provides an efficient function, which enables users to access their programs, systems and platforms at anytime and anyplace. Green computing can also yield greener technology by reducing power consumption for sustainable environments. Furthermore, in order to apply user needs to the system development, the user characteristics are regarded as some of the most important factors to be considered in product industries. In this paper, we propose a cloud monitoring system to observe and manage the manufacturing system/factory automation for sustainable green computing. For monitoring systems, we utilized the resources in the G-cloud environments, and hence, it can reduce the amount of system resources and devices, such as system power and processes. In addition, we propose adding a user profile to the monitoring system in order to provide a user-friendly function. That is, this function allows system configurations to be automatically matched to the individual’s requirements, thus increasing efficiency.
An Inquiry Into Jamaican Perspectives on Tourism
Authors: Vanden Berg Todd M.
Published: November 2014

This article is based on semistructured interviews conducted with Jamaicans from 2010 to 2013. The goal of conducting the interviews as well the objective of this article is to give voice to Jamaican perspectives on tourism. This article gives extensive space for Jamaican views of tourism
to be heard through the use of direct quotations. Such “unfiltered” voices have been largely lacking in the anthropology of tourism literature and give a unique window into an understanding of host perspectives of tourism. Social exchange theory is then used to investigate host
comments on tourism. The analysis of host perspectives on tourism points to possible directions tourism development on the island might take, as well as giving greater understanding of a sense of Jamaican cultural identity tied to tourism and also globalization. Jamaicans who work in the tourism
sector see economic benefit as only one positive aspect of their jobs. The sociocultural benefits of participating in the tourism sector are clear: the joy of interacting with people of other cultures, the joy of learning about other cultures, and the joy of sharing Jamaican culture with tourists.
Authentic interaction with tourists is a desire for those working in the tourism industry and is viewed by respondents as a way to participate in global intercultural interaction. Such findings speak to the long tradition of tourism on the island as to the cultural identification of tourism
for Jamaicans. Finally, community tourism development is suggested as a direction for Jamaican tourism development in light of host comments on tourism.
L'évolution des dissonances du syndicalisme français aux prises avec l'énergie électronucléaire et sa critique sociale
Authors: Chambru Mikaël
Published: November 2014

Après avoir retracé l’engagement des syndicats dans le processus de nucléarisation de la France, Mikaël Chambru propose d’étudier l’évolution des relations d’interdépendances entre les organisations syndicales et la mouvance antinucléaire. Tout d’abord, il décrypte la brèche introduite dans cet engagement par l’irruption du phénomène antinucléaire au tournant des années 1970. Ensuite, il retrace les dissonances provoquées au cours des décennies suivantes par les processus croisés de convergence et de discordance entre ces deux protagonistes contestataires. Enfin, il explore les potentialités contemporaines d’une convergence ouvrant la voie d’une transition vers une société postnucléaire.
Information Security Awareness On-Line Materials Design with Knowledge Maps
Authors: Shaw Ruey-Shiang , Keh Huan-Chao , Huang Nan-Ching , Huang Tien-Chuan
Published: November 2014

Information Security Awareness, though known as a primary and important issue in the domain of Information Security, CSI computer crime and security survey showed poor security awareness training in public and private sectors. In many studies, the authors have found that the usage of knowledge maps helps the process of learning and conception building. Therefore, the authors have tried to figure out if the implementation of knowledge maps on the training materials of Information Security Awareness will improve the learning performance. Based on the e-learning materials for E-Mail Information Security Awareness, the authors designed them in the format of knowledge maps and compared the learning performance with common browsing-based materials. The results showed the knowledge map-based materials lead to higher learning performance than browse-based ones.
Performance Evaluation of Reactive Routing in Mobile Grid Environment
Authors: Shrivastava L. , Tomar G. S. , Bhadauria S. S.
Published: November 2014

Grid computing came into existence as a manner of sharing heavy computational loads among multiple computers to be able to compute highly complex mathematical problems. The grid topology is highly flexible and easily scalable, allowing users to join and leave the grid without the hassle of time and resource-hungry identification procedures, having to adjust their devices or install additional software. The goal of grid computing is described as “to provide flexible, secure and coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions and resources”. AODV is an on-demand (reactive) algorithm capable of both unicast and multicast routing. In this paper, AODV has been modified by varying some of the configuration parameters used in this algorithm to improve its performance. This modified protocol i.e. A-AODV (advanced ad hoc on demand distance vector) has been compared with AODV in grid environment. The simulations have shown that A-AODV is able to achieve high throughput and packet delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay is reduced.
High Performance Computing Design by Code Migration for Distributed Desktop Computing Grids
Authors: Yoshida Makoto , Kojima Kazumine
Published: November 2014

Large scale loosely coupled PCs can organize clusters and form desktop computing grids on sharing each processing power; power of PCs, transaction distributions, network scales, network delays, and code migration algorithms characterize the performance of the computing grids. This article describes the design methodologies of workload management in distributed desktop computing grids. Based on the code migration experiments, transfer policy for computation was determined and several simulations for location policies were examined, and the design methodologies for distributed desktop computing grids are derived from the simulation results. The language for distributed desktop computing is designed to accomplish the design methodologies.
Migrating Android Applications to the Cloud
Authors: Hung Shih-Hao , Shieh Jeng-Peng , Lee Chen-Pang
Published: November 2014

Recently, smartphone technologies have evolved quickly and offered end users the computing power and networking capabilities required to perform useful network and multimedia applications. However, due to limited physical sizes and battery capacities, the current generation of smartphones cannot yet fulfill the requirements of sophisticated applications of which personal computers are capable. One way to solve this problem is to minimize the workload on a smartphone as much as possible by offloading portions of an application to a server. The solution is particularly attractive today as cloud computing provides the needed server resources at relatively low costs. This paper proposes a novel, lightweight application migration mechanism for the users of smartphones to suspend the execution of applications and offload them to the cloud. The authors also developed a framework to perform Android applications efficiently with virtual phones in the cloud with a virtual storage. This paper discusses the migration mechanism and evaluates its effectiveness on the Android smartphone. This approach may effectively offload workload for Android applications even with low-speed mobile network.
Capacity Development Initiatives for Grass Roots Communities
Authors: Rahman Hakikur
Published: November 2014

The world has seen the unprecedented development of information and communications technologies (ICTs) and adoption of their diversified methods in elevating all forms of human endeavors. Even a few years back, it was fashionable to speak about the global village. In recent years, many countries have taken leading role in implementing innovative ICT products to accelerate their national developments, enhance their livelihoods, strengthened their national economies, and improve their governance systems. This has been observed that those countries could reap the most benefits out of ICT strategies, which could penetrate at the lowest tier of their governance system. In this context, human development is an element of importance. This research emphasizes that cumulative human development through community approach would be the next level of knowledge dynamics across the world. It also argues that as much the country provides thrust on capacity development initiatives at the grass roots, it has more opportunity to reach at greater context of governance system. This chapter would like to focus on two cases, which penetrated the grass roots reaching out to the community level, act as catalyst to strengthen their national economy and government. Some features and perspectives of e-Sri Lanka and e-Korea are being discussed here to provide insight into these cases, so that researchers in developing and transitional economies could gain knowledge.
International Joint Ventures at the Crossroads
Authors: Martinelli-Lee Teresa , Duncan Kathleen B.
Published: November 2014

While leading theorists, researchers, and practitioners are currently engaged in the discussion of global leadership, the perspective has been in terms of case studies of multi-country or multi-company approaches. This chapter frames the role of competencies by introducing a new model of shared leadership called the Five Lenses of Shared Leadership. The model uses grounded theoretical foundations to support its components and provides implications for use across various partnership and business relationships. The collaborative structure of an International Joint Venture (IJV) is defined in terms of market share and a competitive advantage. Critical discussion on the development of global leaders, organizational conflicts and culture, and embedded effectiveness across borders and boundaries serves as a methodology for understanding knowledge transfer.
International School Teachers' Professional Development in Response to the Needs of Third Culture Kids in the Classroom
Authors: Carter Margaret , McNulty Yvonne
Published: November 2014

This chapter draws on an exploratory qualitative study of 20 teaching staff at an international school in Singapore to examine the professional development needs of international school teachers in response to the needs of Third Culture Kids (TCKs). It explores what the needs of TCKs are, whether teachers at an international school in Singapore have the skills and competencies to be responsive to these needs, and where gaps in professional development for international schoolteachers may exist. Evidence shows that no professional development training in relation to TCKs is provided specific to the international context in which teachers are employed. Issues that are poorly addressed include staff induction, student transitions and identity issues, language support, pastoral care, and curriculum training. Findings contribute to the educational leadership and management of international schoolteachers by contextualizing professional development as a facet of organizational leadership.
Multiobjective Cuckoo Search for Anticipating the Enemy's Movements in the Battleground
Authors: Goel Samiksha , Sharma Arpita , Panchal V. K.
Published: November 2014

Since ages nations have been trying to improve their military effectiveness by adopting various measures. Having an anticipatory system, which can not only accurately predict the most probable location for the enemy's base station but also finds the best route to that point, will lead to improved military operations. This paper aims to propose an integrated framework for developing an efficient anticipatory system. In the first phase of the framework, it proposes Anticipatory Multi objective Cuckoo Search (AMOCS) algorithm to identify the best probable location for deployment of enemy forces. For the second phase a hybrid CS-ACO algorithm is developed for obtaining the most suitable path to the location identified in the first phase. To test the proposed system, satellite image of regions of different terrain types namely plain/desert and mountainous respectively, are chosen. Experimental results demonstrate that the system makes accurate predictions.
A Genetic Algorithms Approach for Inverse Shortest Path Length Problems
Authors: Leitão António , Vinhas Adriano , Machado Penousal , Pereira Francisco Câmara
Published: November 2014

Inverse Combinatorial Optimization has become a relevant research subject over the past decades. In graph theory, the Inverse Shortest Path Length problem becomes relevant when people don't have access to the real cost of the arcs and want to infer their value so that the system has a specific outcome, such as one or more shortest paths between nodes. Several approaches have been proposed to tackle this problem, relying on different methods, and several applications have been suggested. This study explores an innovative evolutionary approach relying on a genetic algorithm. Two scenarios and corresponding representations are presented and experiments are conducted to test how they react to different graph characteristics and parameters. Their behaviour and differences are thoroughly discussed. The outcome supports that evolutionary algorithms may be a viable venue to tackle Inverse Shortest Path problems.
Sustainable Landscape between Buildings
Authors: Majerska-Palubicka Beata
Published: November 2014

Currently, there is a tendency in architecture to search for solutions implementing the assumptions of the sustainable development paradigm. A number of them are components of architecture, which in the future will certainly affect urban planning and architecture to a much greater extent. An issue of great significance is the need to integrate sustainable system elements with the spatial structure of environmentally friendly architectural facilities and complexes in order to achieve harmony between the built and natural environment, which is a basis of sustainable development. In this article, the author would like to solve the problem of how to design buildings, housing estates and towns so that their impact on the environment will be acceptable, i.e. will not exceed the possibilities of natural environment regeneration.
Fatigue Life Prediction of Composite Laminates under Block Loading
Authors: Ji Qing Hui , Zhu Ping , Lu Jia Hai , Zhu Chao
Published: November 2014

The loading sequence effect and life prediction of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite materials were experimentally investigated in this paper. All fatigue tests of block loading under four stress ratios R (including 0.1, 0.5, 10 and –1) were carried out on the servo-hydraulic Shimadzu testing machine. The fatigue damage index derived from the linear Palmgren–Miner rule was as reference to evaluate the damage degree. The life prediction model based on residual strength theory was proposed. The experimental results showed that the effect of loading sequence on the fatigue damage was obvious. The relation between the parameter of the proposed model and the stress ratio was studied depending to different failure mode. At last, the contrast of prediction and experimental data indicated that the proposed model had enough accuracy to predict fatigue life of block loading for composite materials.
Synthesis of Ytterbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser Ceramic Nano-Powders by Carbonate Altogether Precipitation Method
Authors: Zhang Xue Jian , Li Chun , Huang De Xin , Lü Zhuo Fei , Zhang Ying , Liu Jing He
Published: November 2014

Yb:YAG laser ceramic nanopowders were synthesized by the carbonate altogether precipitation method, and the thermal properties with structure and morphology characterized and analyzed by the measurements of TG-DTA, XRD, IRS, SEM. The results show that well-crystallized Yb:YAG nanopowders calcined at 900°C are obtained with higher sintering performance and purity, and the average diameter is in the range of 100 nm. The crystalline size grew with the increase of the heat treatment temperature. The size of powder calcined at 1100°C is about 70-150 nm with higher purity, regular shape and even particle size distribution, which is favorable for good sinterability of Yb:YAG ceramics.Key words: Yb; YAG laser ceramic powders; nanopowders synthesis; carbonate altogether precipitation method;
Delamination Analysis in Drilling Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites
Authors: Wang Hong Fei , Li Hua Zhou , Lu Long Sheng , Xie Ying Xi , Xiao Yu
Published: November 2014

Due to its excellent performance, carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) have been widely applied in industrial applications. The phenomenon of delamination can readily occur when drilling CFRP composites, which affects the quality of drilling holes. To effectively control the generation of processing defects, this paper focused on the analysis of the thrust force and the delamination factor. The delamination analysis was performed using graphs of the spindle speed, feed rate and drill diameter as independent parameters. The results suggest that there was a positive correlation between the delamination factor Fd and the thrust force Fz. The delamination factor decreases with increases in the spindle speed and increases with increases in the feed rate or with increases in the drill diameter. Based on the experimental data, this paper established a formula model of the delamination factor Fd, which would promote the further study of drilling CFRP composites.
Measurement of Twist Springback on AA6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy Strip - A Preliminary Result
Authors: Abdullah Ahmad Baharuddin , Samad Z.
Published: November 2014

Twist forming is one of a critical process in a sheet metal forming process that has a complex profile. There are a few parameters that need to be taken into consideration, such as twist angle, workpiece geometries including length, width and thickness and material properties of the workpiece material. In this study, the preliminary result of the twist forming behavior of an aluminum alloy strip with uniform section will be studied. The experiment is conducted using torsion test machine. At this stage, the torque pattern was studied and compared with the published work to validate the experiment test rig. The result showed an agreement with the published work.
Effect of Natural and Synthetic Dyes on the Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on ZnO Nanorods Semiconductor
Authors: Suyitno Suyitno , Noor Rachmad Dian , Arifin Zainal , Jaya Saputra Trisma , Omid Muhammad Anwar , Yusuf Mirza
Published: November 2014

The compatibility between natural dyes and semiconductors to produce a good performance of dye-sensitized solar cells plays an important role. The dyes from papaya leaves, mangosteen pericarps, beetroots, and N719 were investigated as sensitizers in the ZnO nanorods-based dye-sensitized solar cells. The ZnO film-coated fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrates were prepared using a doctor blade method, followed by sintering at 450 °C. Meanwhile, the counter electrode contained of chemically deposited catalytic platinum coating. The working electrodes were first immersed in the N719 dye solution and the respective natural dye solutions at corresponding concentrations of 8 g/100 mL and 21 g/100 mL. The absorptance spectra of the dyes and dye-loaded semiconductor-working electrode were obtained by UV-Vis spectroscopy. In addition, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to determine the characteristic functionalities of the dye molecules. Furthermore, N719-based DSSC displayed the highest efficiency (0.47%) whereas papaya leaf-based DSSC achieved the highest efficiency (0.17%) amongst the studied natural dye-based DSSCs. The improved efficiency noted in the natural dye-based DSSC was attributed to the increased current density value. The high absorptance and low electrical resistance of the DSSC loaded with papaya leaf-based dye (concentration: 8 g/100 mL) contributed to the high generated current density value. However, further studies are required to improve the fill factor properties of these solar cells that were < 33%.
Experimental Validation of the Numerical Model of a Testing Platform Impact on a Road Mast
Authors: Cichański Artur , Stopel Michał
Published: November 2014

The article presents experimental validation of the numerical model of a testing platform impact on a support structure mast. Numerical analysis of explicit type was performed in LS-Dyna environment. Experimental tests of crash test type were conducted on testing track. Comparison of values of deformations measured at selected mast characteristic points with the values of deformations specified during numerical analyses was performed.
Comparison of C45 Steel Fatigue Characteristics Carried out at Controlled Stress and Energy Parameter, Subjected to Fully Reversed Bending
Authors: Marcisz Ewa , Rozumek Dariusz , Marciniak Zbigniew
Published: November 2014

The work presents fatigue characteristics of C45 steel that have been obtained at controlled energy parameter and nominal stress. The tested material has been subjected to fully reversed bending on MZGS-100Ph fatigue test stand.
Accumulation of Fatigue Damages for Block-Type Loads with Use of Material Memory Function
Authors: Böhm Ewelina , Kurek Marta , Łagoda Tadeusz
Published: November 2014

The paper proposes a new model of fatigue damage accumulation based on the memory of the material and developed on the basis of memorizing of the meaningless material. The comparison of damage accumulation between the classical and proposed models for chosen materials are in favor of the authors model.