bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Çocuk Hastalara Uygulanan Fekal Mikrobiyota Transplantasyonuna Yönelik Hemşirelik Yaklaşımı
Authors: DEDE Tuğba , ÇALIKUŞU İNCEKAR Müjde
Published: December 2021

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) is the process of taking stool from a healthy donor and placing it in the gastrointestinal tract of the sick individual. Today, it has been seen that FMT is mostly used for the treatment of clostridium difficile infection. Depending on the child’s condition, physician preferences, and/or protocol requirements, the route of administration in the FMT procedure can be oral capsule, upper or lower gastrointestinal route. Detailed information about FMT, including all aspects of the process, needs to be provided in writing to children, families and donors. Pediatric nurses should plan the individualized care process with a holistic approach based on child-centered care, family-centered care, atraumatic care models in the management of the FMT process. It is the nurse’s responsibility to increase the child’s comfort, protect his privacy, and prevent complications that may arise in the child. Because the FMT procedure is a specific application, nurses need to have detailed information about a qualified nursing process. In this review, the topics of microbiota, FMT and the nursing process before, during and after the procedure are discussed. Keywords: Child, fecal microbiota transplantation, nursing, pediatrics
Paediatric Behçet’s Disease: Data From A Single Center Experience in Turkey.
Authors: Bağlan Esra , Özdel Semanur , Güngör Tülin , Karakaya Deniz , Çelikkaya Evra , Yazılıtaş Fatma , Kargın Çakıcı Evrim , Bülbül Mehmet
Published: December 2021

Behçet’s disease (BD) is a multisystemic inflammatory disease with unknown etiology. It is characterized by recurrent oral and genital ulcerations, uveitis, and skin lesions, various musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, central nervous system, and vascular manifestations. The aim of this study was to analyse the demographic characteristics and clinical features, treatment in Turkish paediatric BD from a single center experience. The records of 36 patients with BD who were diagnosed according to the International Study Group criteria between January 2017 and January 2019 in the department of paediatric rheumatology, were retrospectively reviewed. Data on demographic, clinical features and therapy were collected. A total of 36 (19 male) patients were included in this study. Mean age at disease onset was 9.36±4.45 years and mean age at diagnosis 13.99±2.83 years. The frequencies of signs/symptoms were: recurrent oral aphtosis 100%, genital ulcers 80.6%, musculoskeletal 30.6%, ocular 16.7%, neurological 11.1% and vascular involvement 11.1%, gastrointestinal 2.8%. Colchicine and corticosteroids were the main treatments. In this single-center retrospective study, we analyzed the data of paediatric BD and their treatment from a single center in Turkey. The presented small series and the literature review suggest that paediatric BD is a heterogeneous disease with varied clinical manifestations.
Fertility Preservation Methods in Childhood and Adolescence Cancers: A Review.
Authors: Gül Siraz Ülkü , Hatipoğlu Nihal
Published: December 2021

In childhood and adolescence cancers; survival rates increase with the use of treatment options such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. One of the long-term effects of primary disease and cancer treatment is the irreversible damage to gonadal tissues, resulting in impaired fertility. Especially chemotherapeutic drugs; causes germ cell defect, affects the secretion of pituitary hormone, and also damages the anatomical structures of internal genital structures such as the uterus. Gonadal preservation methods are limited in prepubertal male patients. It is a good option to place the testicles in a different area before radiotherapy. Before chemotherapy or whole body irradiation, freezing of testicular tissue and ensuring pregnancy from frozen tissue is still in the experimental stage. After the ejaculation begins, obtaining and storing sperm is successfully done. A limited number of pregnancies were obtained oocytes frozen ovaries in the prepubertal girls. It is possible to freeze oocytes after puberty begins. In addition, recently, as a noninvasive method, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues have been used successfully, as it suppresses the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and protects germ cells from cytotoxic effects.

This article aims to provide information on fertility preservation methods in patients receiving childhood cancer treatment.
Evaluation of COVID-19 Patients Admitted to Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Doğan Murat , Çelik Binnaz
Published: December 2021

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) rapidly spread all around the world and was declared a worldwide pandemic by World Health Organization in March 2020. We aimed to investigate the clinical, demographic and laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 in children admitted to the pediatric emergency triage. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data of children were collected retrospectively and analyzed to compare by symptoms. A total of 213 pediatric cases with COVID-19 were included. Most of the patients were asymptomatic (63.8%). The main clinical features were mild symptoms including fever (7.5%), cough (6.5%), myalgia (6.3%) or no (63.8%). Of the patients who had CT scan, 25% had specific findings of COVID-19. Ground-like opacities were common radiological findings (25%). Symptomatic patients had higher lymphopenia rate (p=0.03), higher CRP and procalcitonin (PCT) values (p=0.04, p=0.04), lower age (p<0.001) and lower neutrophil count (p=0.01). The rate of neutropenia and leukopenia were higher in asymptomatic patients (p=0.15, p=0.05, respectively). The most common cause of transmission in children is family contact. Home isolation was recommended for 89.6% of the patients, 10.3% were hospitalized, 2.3% needed an intensive care unit (ICU). Only one death was reported. We found found that children with COVID-19 are generally mild severe or asymptomatic clinic. Young children were relatively more symptomatic than older children, and those with underlying diseases often needed intensive care unit. The most important laboratory findings difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients are lymphopenia, increased CRP and PCT values (p=0.04 for all three parameter).
Participatory monitoring and evaluation in local government: a case study of Lambussie District, Ghana
Authors: Akanbang Bernard Afiik Akanpabadai , Abdallah Anass Ibn
Published: December 2021

Ghana has pursued decentralisation since 1988, but its implementation continues to face challenges. Participatory monitoring and evaluation (PM&E) is one of the tools that can help local governments to be more effective in the planning and management of development projects. However, the issues involved in implementing PM&E in rural local governments operating within a rapidly changing sociocultural and political environment have not been sufficiently explored. To fill this gap in knowledge, this paper draws on project and policy documents and primary data on the application of PM&E in District Assemblies’ Common Fund projects implemented between 2013 and 2017 in Ghana’s Lambussie District. Six key informant interviews were held with district- and regional-level stakeholders, and eight focus group discussions were undertaken at the community level. The research found that inadequate provision for operationalising PM&E at the local level, and lack of accountability and feedback mechanisms, resulted in a tokenistic approach to PM&E. The authors suggest that research and advocacy on mechanisms for holding district authorities accountable is vital to the success of future PM&E initiatives at local government level.
Comparison of Some Biological Parameters between Young Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1884) fed on Artificial Diet and Alfalfa inEarthen Ponds at Basrah, Iraq
Authors: Muhammed Sadik
Published: December 2021

The current study aims to compare the relationships of some biological parameters of young grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844) fed on artificial diet and alfalfa in earthen ponds. These parameters included length-weight relationship, relative length and weight of the alimentary canal, condition factor and survival rate. Results of lengthweight relationship showed that no significant differences (P>0.05) were recorded for the t-test for the ideal value of 3 for fishes fed on artificial diet or alfalfa plant. The condition factor of young grass carp fed on artificial diet ranged between 0.021 to 1.074, while for fishes fed on alfalfa plant was 0.023 to 1.270 for allometric and Fulton’s condition factor, respectively. Also, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) for fishes fed on both diets in all biological parameters, the relative length of the alimentary canal for fishes fed on artificial diet (1.65) and on alfalfa plant (1.69), while the relative weight of the alimentary canal were 0.0285 and 0.0218 for fishes fed on both diets, respectively. Results also showed that the Zihler coefficient were 7.43 and 7.62, respectively. The survival rate was 100% for both treatments.
The Monogenean Paradiplozoon zeller: First Record in Iraq from Gills of Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843
Authors: Abdullah Younis
Published: December 2021

The monogenean Paradiplozoon zeller (Gyntovt, 1967) (Monogenea: Diplozoidae) was recorded and described in the present study for the first time in Iraq on gills of leuciscid fish Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843 which was collected from Aw-e Shiler River in Sharbazher Region, north of Sulaimani City in Iraq. This is the first Paradiplozoon species recorded on A. mossulensis in Iraq and it’s the twentieth Paradiplozoon species so far recorded from Iraqi fishes. The description and measurements of this parasite are given.
A New Host and a New Locality for Aspidogaster limacoides Diesing, 1834 (Trematoda: Aspidogastridae) Infecting the Caspian Freshwater Turtle Mauremys caspica (Gmelin, 1774) in Basrah Province, Iraq
Authors: Al-Daraji Salem
Published: December 2021

A total of 21 specimens of Aspidogaster limacoides Diesing, 1834 were detected from the small intestine of eight infected specimens of the Caspian freshwater turtle Mauremys caspica (Gmelin, 1774) captured from Al-Mashab River, northwest Basrah City. As the present parasite represents its first record in the turtle as a new host and in Basrah city as a new locality, a redescription, measurements and illustration are presented.
Bacterial Shrimp Disease in Iraqi Marine Waters
Authors: Jassim Abdul Amer
Published: December 2021

A sample of 116 shrimps Metapenaeus affinis (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837) were collected from local fish markets in Basrah Province, Southern Iraq. Height, weight, and pathological signs of the shrimps were recorded. Both morphological and biochemical examination by VITEK identification system were undertaken. Pathological infections were seen on the cuticle of abdominal segments in addition to a severe infection in uropod (tail segment), rostrum and pleopods (walking legs). Results of biochemical identification showed the presence of Aeromonas sobria and A. salmonicida from the infected organs and this study is considered as the first record of this bacterial infection in shrimps in Iraq.
Phenotypic diversity and biochemical characteristics of selected rhizobia nodulating the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Kouki Saoussen , L’taief Boulbaba , Al-Qthanin Rahamh , Rouissi Mustapha , Sifi Bouaziz
Published: December 2021

Increasing interest in using rhizobia as biofertilizers in smallholder agricultural farming systems has prompted scientists to investigate rhizobia diversity, resulting in the identification of many strains. Fifty-five Rhizobium strains nodulating in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were isolated from soil samples from different areas of Tunisia and phenotypically characterized to determine their symbiotic nitrogen fixation capabilities. Their tolerance to pH, salinity, temperature and alkalinity, as well as their cultural and biochemical characteristics indicated wide physiological diversity. These phenotypic characteristics significantly affected rhizobia growth, and strains of interest were identified and used in inoculation trials. They were efficient and able to tolerate pH from 4 to 9, NaCl concentrations of 25 to 100 mM, temperature variation from 10 to 40 °C, and lime (CaCO3) from 0.05 to 0.20 mM. Selected Rhizobium strains were identified as candidates for biofertilizer production for a variety of Tunisian soil types.
Yield of cocoa under different agroforestry systems in a dry tropical forest in western Colombia
Authors: Escobar Ramírez Carlos H. , Córdoba-Gaona Óscar de J. , Correa Londoño Guillermo A. , Martínez Bustamante Enrique G.
Published: December 2021

The expansion and modernization of the cocoa area under new strategies, such as the use of adapted genetic material and the establishment of Agroforestry Systems with cocoa, under criteria of competitiveness and sustainability, require selecting sites with adequate biophysical conditions, which facilitate the optimization of resources for production. In this sense, we conducted a study in the Estación Agraria Cotové, of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, located in a tropical dry forest life zone (TDF), at 540 meters of elevation, with an average temperature of 27 ºC, average annual precipitation annual of 1,031 mm and relative humidity less than 70 %. The yield components and productive potential of four cocoa clones, ICS 95, TSH565, CCN 51, and ICS 60, were evaluated. The cocoa clones were planted under two controlled sunlight habitats, generated by the timber species Gmelina arborea Roxb. (single-row and double-row arrangement), and two different canopy management of the cocoa plants (plagiotropic and orthotropic growth stimulus). The clones TSH 565 and CCN 51 showed the highest yields in the two harvest years. ICS 95 showed the lowest bean index. Regarding the pod index, no differences were observed between the cocoa clones. Clones TSH 565 and CCN 51 stood out as the earliest and most productive clones.
Incidencia de nemátodos asociados a las principales zonas productoras de café (Coffea arabica L.) en la región de Puno, Perú
Authors: Garambel-Acurio Sthewar Irwin , Lima-Medina Israel , Loza-Del Carpio Alfredo , Checahuari Jarata Shadam Elvis
Published: December 2021

El ámbito amazónico de la región Puno es una de las principales zonas productoras de café en el Perú, altamente susceptibles a nematodos fitoparásitos que pueden afectar la producción y propiciar el ingreso de otras plagas y enfermedades. Por ello se plantea como objetivos reseñar géneros de nematodos parásitos y de vida libre que se asocian al cultivo de café, identificar la especie del género Meloidogyne y evaluar incidencias poblacionales de nematodos asociados al cultivo según la altitud del lugar en las principales zonas productoras de la región, en los distritos de San Juan del Oro, San Pedro de Putina Punco y San Gabán. Se evaluaron 129 muestras de 11 campos de cultivo, entre altitudes de 800 y 1416 msnm, que fueron procesadas por el método de fluctuación centrifuga en solución de sacarosa. Se identificaron los siguientes ocho géneros de nematodos fitoparásitos: Meloidogyne spp., Helicotylenchus spp., Pratylenchus spp., Xiphinema spp., Mesocriconema spp., Dorylaimus spp., Tylenchus spp., Hemicycliophora spp., así como nematodos de vida libre, entre ellos el género Mononchus spp. Por medio de la prueba de electroforesis de isoenzima se identificó a Meloidogyne exigua. No se encontró diferencia de incidencia entre el género Meloidogyne spp. y nematodos de vida libre. Los géneros Helicotylenchus y Mesocriconema disminuyeron sus poblaciones a mayor altitud.
Innovations in primary health care
Authors: Platoshkin E. N. , Platoshkina Yu. M. , Shut S. A. , Ramanov H. N. , Kavalchuk A. N. , Tishkov S. P. , Bartnouski P. I. , Seifidinova S. H.
Published: December 2021

This review is devoted to a number of important innovations and their role in modern medical practice of a family practitioner. We have discussed benefits, restrictions and controversies related to their use. We have also reviewed the evidence base on the practical implementation of these innovations. This review is devoted to a number of important innovations and their role in modern medical practice of a family practitioner. We have discussed benefits, restrictions and controversies related to their use. We have also reviewed the evidence base on the practical implementation of these innovations.
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods and their application in clinical microbiology, infectology and epidemiology
Authors: Mitsura V. M.
Published: December 2021

This review presents basic principles and methods of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and discusses a number of the latest papers on the possibilities, principles and stages of NGS, as well as the application of NGS in medical research, particularly, clinical microbiology and infectious diseases, epidemiology. The development of NGS technologies will allow improving the results of diagnostics, treatment and prevention of infectious diseases and opens up new prospects for personalized medicine.
Susceptibility to antibiotic combinations of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from COVID-19 patients
Authors: Tapalski D. V. , Karpova E. V.
Published: December 2021

Objective. To assess the susceptibility of K.pneumoniae and A.baumanii strains isolated from hospitalized COVID-19 patients to antibiotics and their combinations.

Materials and methods. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of meropenem and colistin were determined for 47 A.baumannii and 51K.pneumoniaestrains isolated from the hospitalized COVID-19 patients by the broth microdilution method. The susceptibility to 11 antibiotic combinations was assessed using the method of multiple combination bactericidal testing.

Results. Colistin resistance was detected in 31.9 % of A.baumannii strains (MIC50 — 0.5 mg/l, MIC90 — 16 mg/l) and in 80.4 % of K.pneumoniaestrains (MIC50 — 16 mg/l, MIC90 — 256 mg/l). It has been shown that double antibiotic combinations with the inclusion of colistin exhibit bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity against 76.6–87.2 % of A.baumannii strains. Combinations with the addition of meropenem, colistin and macrolides exhibited bactericidal activity against 78.4–80.4 % of K.pneumoniae strains. Combinations of two carbapenems were not active, the combination of meropenem-colistin had a bactericidal effect only in 13.7 % of K.pneumoniae strains.

Conclusion. Widespread colistin resistance was found in carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae and A.baumannii strains isolated from the hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The combinations of antibiotics that have a synergistic antibacterial effect in their pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic concentrations have been determined.
Liquid technology in the cytological diagnosis of bladder pathology
Authors: Zaitsava L. P. , Los D. M. , Beliakovski V. N. , Pohozhay V. V. , Nadyrov E. A.
Published: December 2021

Objective. To study the effectiveness of liquid cytological diagnosis of bladder cancer and its local relapses using the Cellprep Plus technology as an example.

Materials and methods. We analyzed outpatient records of patients with urothelial pathology (n = 806) who underwent a urine cytology exam by the methods of liquid (n = 383) and conventional (n = 423) cytology.

Results. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the cytological examination method for diagnosing urothelial carcinoma using the method of liquid cytology have been found to be 93.4 % and 95.4 % respectively, which significantly exceeds the similar indices in the use of the method of conventional cytology – 42.4 % and 93.6 % respectively. The use of the method of liquid cytology considerably increases the accuracy of the cytological examination of bladder pathology and allows obtaining conclusions that coincide with the histological conclusion in 94.0 % of cases. In the use of the method of conventional cytology, the coincidence with histological findings is only 44.6 % (χ2 = 25.08, p < 0.001).

Conclusion. The Cellprep Plus liquid technology standardizes the pre-analytical stage and increases the efficiency of the cytological method in the primary diagnosis and monitoring of patients with urothelial pathology. A promising direction of using the method of liquid cytology in the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma is the development and implementation of the cytological criteria of differential diagnosis between reactive cell atypia and atypia characteristic of a malignant tumor.
TWO-SIDED GENERALIZED HYPERBOLIC SECANT DISTRIBUTION WITH REAL DATA APPLICATIONS AND MODEL COMPARISONS
Authors: KORKMAZ Mustafa Çağatay , CHESNEAU Christophe , MARİE Julien
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we use the structure of the standard two-sided power distribution to implement a new version of the hyperbolic secant distribution. This new distribution is more flexible than the hyperbolic secant distribution when it comes to interpreting data presenting an abrupt change in values. In the first part of the paper, we show some of its properties, such as the shape behavior of the probability density and hazard rate functions, and the analysis of moment-type measures. Then, the statistical side of the underlying model is explored. We provide the maximum likelihood estimates for the model parameters, as well as an efficient algorithm to calculate them. After this, to demonstrate the potential of the proposed modeling strategy, we present three real data applications. The beta-normal, power-normal, Kuramaswamy-normal and two-sided generalized normal distribution models are considered as competitors. The results are favorable to the proposed model.
COVİD-19 PANDEMİ SÜRECİNİN PSİKOLOJİK BOYUTLARININ ÇOKLU KARŞILIK GETİRME ANALİZİ İLE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: BABACAN Şevkiye , DEMİR Mustafa , TUNCA Berkalp , SARAÇLI Sinan
Published: December 2021

Bilindiği gibi Covid-19, küresel düzeyde büyük bir sağlık sorunu olarak devam etmektedir. Bu süreçte dünya büyük bir sağlık sorunuyla baş etmek zorunda kalmasının yanı sıra, Covid-19’a yakalanan-yakalanmayan bireylerde ciddi psikolojik yıkımlarla da baş etmek zorunda kalmıştır. Covid-19 pandemi süreci, bireylerin sağlıkları üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olmasının yanında, psikolojileri üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu bilinerek bu konu üzerinde de durulması oldukça önemlidir. Bu durum dikkate alınarak bu çalışmada Covid-19 pandemi sürecinin psikolojik boyutlarının bireylerin demografik özelliklerine göre incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla demografik soruların yanında 5’li Likert tipinde ölçek aracılığı ile hazırlanmış anket formu 1-30 Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında online ortamda Türkiye genelinde ulaşılabilen toplam 958 bireye uygulanarak ilgili veriler derlenmiştir. Derlenen veriler SPSS paket programı aracılığı ile çoklu uyum analizi uygulanarak analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular ilgili tablo ve şekillerde ayrıntılı olarak verilmiştir.
Highly efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer in co-encapsulated BODIPY nanoparticles
Authors: Hewavitharanage Priyadarshine , Steele Launa , Dickenson Isaac
Published: December 2021

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a powerful tool used in a wide range of applications due to its high sensitivity and many other advantages. Co-encapsulation of a donor and an acceptor in nanoparticles is a useful strategy to bring the donor-acceptor pair in proximity for FRET. A highly efficient FRET system based on BODIPY-BODIPY (BODIPY:  boron-dipyrromethene) donor-acceptor pair in nanoparticles was synthesized. Nanoparticles were formed by co-encapsulating a green emitting BODIPY derivative (FRET donor, lmax = 501 nm) and a red emitting BODIPY derivative (FRET acceptor, lmax = 601 nm) in an amphiphilic polymer using the precipitation method. Fluorescence measurements of encapsulated BODIPY in water following 501 nm excitation caused a 3.6 fold enhancement of the acceptor BODIPY emission at 601 nm indicating efficient energy transfer between the green emitting donor BODIPY and the red emitting BODIPY acceptor with a 100 nm Stokes shift. The calculated FRET efficiency was 96.5%. Encapsulated BODIPY derivatives were highly stable under our experimental conditions.
The mystery of chemistry behind the mechanism of action of anti-HIV drugs: A docking approach at an atomic level
Authors: Suhail Mohammad
Published: December 2021

The effect of HIV-1 on a human’s immune system cannot be ignored. This is the virus that reduces the power of the immune system to fight against any disease. Of course, many anti-HIV drugs are available, and many computational studies have been done to find out their mechanism of action, but the computational study regarding the chemistry behind the mechanism of action was not done yet. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to clarify the chemistry behind the mechanism of action of commercially available anti-HIV drugs. The drugs taken in the presented study were Entry Inhibitors (EIs) and Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. First, literature data was evaluated computationally to ensure the reliability of the software used for the presented study. It was found that interaction-based experimental results and computationally evaluated results of the literature data were the same. After that, by following the same procedure, a docking study was done on the drugs taken in the current study. In addition, the residues involved in the interactions of EIs and NNRTIs with their receptors were studied to determine the chemistry that acts behind the action of both. It was found that EIs and NNRTIs work differently. It was also predicted that the derivatization of both drugs could make them more effective and active. Therefore, the presented study will be very helpful in the field of medicinal science.
Crystal structure and computational studies of N-((2-ethoxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylene)-4-fluoroaniline
Authors: Atalay Sehriman , Macit Mustafa , Bulbul Hakan
Published: December 2021

The Schiff base compound, N-((2-ethoxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylene)-4-fluoroaniline, has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction method. The title compound, C19H16FNO, crystallizes in triclinic, space group P-1 (no. 2), a = 10.6343(9) Å, b = 11.4720(10) Å, c = 13.8297(13) Å, α = 102.466(7)°, β = 104.763(7)°, γ = 98.972(7)°, V = 1552.7(2) Å3, Z = 4, T = 293(2) K, μ(MoKα) = 0.086 mm-1, Dcalc = 1.255 g/cm3, 24355 reflections measured (3.16° ≤ 2Θ ≤ 51°), 5779 unique (Rint = 0.0794, Rsigma = 0.0696) which were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.0373 (I > 2σ(I)) and wR2 was 0.0763 (all data). The title compound contains two molecules with a similar structure in the asymmetric unit cell. The packing of the crystal structure is determined by weak C–H···F and C-H···N intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The contributions of these weak interactions in the crystal structure were calculated by the Hirshfeld surfaces and examined by the intermolecular interactions within the structure. The existence, nature and percentage contribution of different intermolecular interactions H···H, C···H, N···H, and F···H were determined using Hirshfeld surface analysis and fingerprint plots.
Synthesis and in vitro drug release of primaquine phosphate loaded PLGA nanoparticles
Authors: Patel Bharat , Tripathi Satyendra Kumar , Pathak Sandhya , Shukla Sandeep , Pandey Archna
Published: December 2021

Plasmodium falciparum is one of the most common resistant Plasmodium species responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality in malaria patients. Clinical guidelines for the management of Plasmodium falciparum include the use of a dose of primaquine phosphate resulting intolerable side effects. Therefore, the aim of this work was to formulate primaquine phosphate-loaded PLGA nanoparticles by using a nanoprecipitation method in order to increase its bioavailability to minimize drug intake. This leads to reduced toxicity and better therapeutic efficacy of the drug. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by using dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). TEM analysis revealed the presence of smooth spherical-shaped nanoparticles. The drug DLS analysis confirmed the presence of negatively charged nanoparticles with particle size in the range of 100-400 nm. The drug release study was performed to analyses different kinetic models like zero-order model, first-order model, Higuchi model, Hixson-Crowell model, and Korsmeyer-Peppas model.
Kajian Biblika Makna Ibadah yang Murni dalam Yakobus 1:26-27 Dan Implikasinya Bagi Orang Percaya Masa Kini
Authors: Baskoro Paulus Kunto , Santo Joseph Christ
Published: December 2021

Worship is an important part of the life of a believer. Worship cannot be replaced with anything in this life. Because worship is part of the lifestyle of every believer. When it comes to worship, it is immediately focused on the concept of praise, worship and listening to God’s Word in church buildings, retreats or commission services. This is not wrong; indeed, the essence of worship is to perform religious rituals to meet God. But there is something interesting in James 1:26-27 mention of true worship. In order to obtain accurate and accountable data, in this study authors used the method of writing descriptive literature. The purpose of this writing is Frist, to reveal and straighten out an incorrect understanding of a concept of worship according to the truth of God’s Word. Second, contribute to believers in thinking to be able to be role models in society. Third, it provides a nuance of the mindset of believers to reflect practical worship into a holistic form of service.
Karakteristik Mazmur Pujian
Authors: Sachius Darto
Published: December 2021

The study is titled characteristics Psalm of Praise. This study will seek and discover the characteristics and principles of psalm praise in the Book of Psalms. To discover the characteristics of the Praise Psalm used qualitative rather than experimental research methods. This qualitative method can also be used for reflective speculators. With four steps: analyzing the passage according to its elements, the second step is to recognize the language style of poetry and stories that are historical, the third reveals the original meaning of Hebrew poetry, the fourth looks for the characteristics of the Hebrew satra of the author's motives and goals. So that preserved by this method can be formulated characteristics from the Psalm of Praise. There are three important things to remember in the Psalm of praise is, first the Psalm of praise begins with an invitation to worship The Lord, The second psalm of praise continues by giving a description of the reasons why God is worthy of praise. Third is the psalm praise usually includes and sometimes ends with a further invitation to praise God therefore the proper title is the characteristics Psalm of Praise so that the awkwardness of distinguishing the interpretation of different types of psalm can be well cleared.
KADIZÂDELİLER HAREKETİ, LOKMAN DOĞMUŞ, EKİN YAYINLARI, İSTANBUL, 2021, 125 S., ISBN 978-625-7105-81-1.
Authors: DURMUŞ Ali
Published: December 2021

Kadızâdeliler, 17. Yüzyılın başlarında Osmanlı devletinin dâru’l-hilâfesi olan İstanbul’da ortaya çıkan ve ülkenin gündemini yaklaşık seksen küsur yıl boyunca meşgul eden dinî-siyasî bir yapılanmadan ibarettir. Söz konusu hareket üzerine yapılan çalışmalardan biri de Lokman Doğmuş tarafından kaleme alınan “Kadızâdeliler Hareketi” adlı küçük çaplı eserdir.

Doğmuş, dönemin sosyal, siyasî ve ilmî yapısı açısından Kadızâdelilerin ortaya çıkış nedenlerini ortaya koymak, hareketin tarihi süreç içerisindeki gelişimini ele almak ve muhalifleriyle aralarında tartıştıkları mevzuları kısaca açıklamak için kaleme almıştır. Konuya salt bir tarih çalışması olarak yaklaşmak istemediğini belirten yazar, tarafeyn arasında tartışılan konuların bazılarının günümüzde de hala tartışıldığını belirterek, eserinin aynı zamanda günümüz ilim ve fikir dünyasına ışık tutacak mahiyette olduğunu vurgulamıştır.
Grain size variation in sand column along Chhatrapur coast, Ganjam district, Odisha – A clue to the depositional environment
Authors: Patra Indrajit , Prasad William , Rao A Y
Published: December 2021

The concentration of heavy mineral placer deposits along the coastal tracts are function of various favourable factors i.e. hinterland geological formations, prevalence of favourable climatic condition, their transportation through intricate drainage systems and various coastal processes, which operated during the geological past. Textural analysis of the available unconsolidated sediments from the present deposits is of vital importance to decode the prevailing depositional environment while grain size analysis is the major parameter used. Present study highlights the grain size analysis of the identified sand column from Chhatrapur Mineral Sand Deposit along the coastal tract of Odisha to infer the environment of deposition of heavy mineral bearing sand and their heavy mineral content variation. Standard procedure of sampling, data analysis and interpretation techniques were adopted. Result shows that, sands from frontal and rear dune are characterized by distinct bi-modal distribution, medium to fine, moderately to well sorted with good positive skewness, whereas, sand from Inter-dunal region shows dominant unimodal, medium to coarse grain, moderately poorly sorted nature and slightly positive skewness. The better heavy mineral concentration (10 to 25 % grade) in frontal and rear dunes is attributed to prevalence of aeolian dune deposition accompanied by good sorting. In contrast, the low concentration of heavy mineral (3 to 6 %) in inter dune region is due to occasional fluvial regime and poor sorting of sediments. Thus, grain size analysis can be an effective tool to decipher local prevailing depositional environment, which has a bearing on heavy mineral concentration as well.
Book Review on Preparing Teachers for a Changing World: Contemporary Issues in EFL Education
Authors: DEMİRCİ Rabia İrem
Published: December 2021

In a changing world, a new era is started to be ushered bringing about a shift from traditional education to a modern one in many fields including English Language Teaching (ELT). To this end, practitioners from all levels of educational systems are required to catch up with the necessities of their time. Focusing on contemporary trends and issues in ELT, Preparing Teachers for a Changing World: Contemporary Issues in EFL Education provides an up-to-date comprehensive view not only over instructional approaches and methodologies but also philosophical aspects of language education. Composed of 10 chapters created with the contributions of 10 Turkish experts in English language education, the book is geared towards primarily undergraduate students, in-service teachers, and teacher trainers.
Maaseudun ja kaupungin vuorovaikutus tutkimuskohteena
Authors: Hyyryläinen Torsti
Published: December 2021

Maaseudut ja kaupungit ovat arjen elämisen paikkoja. Ne eivät kuitenkaan ole vain fyysisiä elinympäristöjä, vaan myös abstrakteja olioita ja kulttuurisia merkitysjärjestelmiä, joista viestimme eri muodoin, kuten kielen kautta. Sekä maaseudusta että kaupungista puhutaan usein yleistäen, vaikka toisaalta tiedetään, että nämä kategoriat sisältävät aineksia hyvin erilaisten kaupunkien ja maaseutujen erityislaatuisista paikallisista todellisuuksista.
Niin kaupungit kuin maaseudut voidaan siis ymmärtää fyysisen, yhdyskuntarakenteen ilmentämien maantieteellisten muotojensa lisäksi kulttuurisesti tuotetuiksi tiedollisiksi konstruktioiksi, joiden käyttöä ja tulkintaa määrittävät kunkin aikakauden kulttuureissa jaetut käsitykset, kuvaukset ja merkitykset. Koska maaseutu ja kaupunki ovat jatkuvasti muuntuvia olioita, niiden suhdekaan ei voi olla staattinen.
Maaseutu on kaupungin äiti
Authors: Jumppanen Aapo
Published: December 2021

Tässä poliittisen historian alaan kuuluvassa artikkelissa tarkastellaan maaseudun ja kaupungin vastakkainasettelun ulottuvuuksia Maaseudun Tulevaisuus -lehdessä vuosina 1916–1918. Käytettyä argumentaatiota arvioidaan suhteessa modernisaatiokehitykseen, joka 1860-luvulta eteenpäin alkoi muokata Suomen agraaria elinkeino- ja yhteiskuntarakennetta. Maaseudun ja talonpoikien yhteiskunnallisen merkityksen ja elämäntavan nähtiin vaarantuvan. Tilalliset järjestäytyivät puolustamaan etujaan maalaisliiton ja Maataloustuottajain Keskusliiton ympärille. Maaseudun Tulevaisuus oli tärkeä näiden järjestöjen puolestapuhuja. 
Maaseudun ja kaupungin vastakkainasettelu näkyi lehdessä kahden teeman kautta. Kaupunkien suurteollisuus ja sosialistinen kiihotus olivat leviämässä maaseudulle. Ne uhkasivat talonpoikien hegemonista asemaa, pienomistajuutta sekä maaseutuväestön yhtenäisyyttä. Kaupungit ja kaupunkimainen elämäntapa olivat myös moraalinen ja fyysinen uhka maaseudun elämäntavalle ja sen asukkaille sekä laajemmin koko suomalaiselle yhteiskunnalle. Kansakunnan tulevaisuuden nähtiin olevan maaseudulla, ei kaupungissa.
Mikkelin markkinat maalaisten ja kaupunkilaisten kohtaamispaikkana paikallislehtien kuvaamana 1800-luvun jälkipuoliskolla
Authors: Uusitalo Eeva
Published: December 2021

Tarkastelen artikkelissa maaseudun ja kaupungin suhdetta Mikkelin markkinoilla 1800-luvun jälkimmäisellä puoliskolla. Esitän kulttuurisen tulkinnan markkinatapahtumasta kaupungin ja maaseudun suhteen kuvastajana. Kiinnitän huomioni sanomalehtiaineistoon nojautuen siihen, millaisia jatkuvuuksia ja sosiaalisia asetelmia maaseudun ja kaupungin suhteesta on löydettävissä Mikkelin markkinoita koskevassa lehtikirjoittelussa. Kuvailen ja analysoin, miten kaupunkiin saapuneista maalaisista ja heidän markkinakäyttäytymisestään kirjoitettiin. Nostan esiin myös kaupungin näkökulmaa ja analysoin, miten kaupunkilaiset reagoivat markkinatunnelmaan ja kaupungin vallanneisiin maalaisiin. Markkinatapahtumasta muodostuu lehtien sivuilla värikäs näytelmä, jonka pääosaa esittävät kaupungin kadut valtaavat maalaiset kaupunkilaisten seuratessa tapahtumia sivusta. Markkinoiden aikana sosiaalinen järjestys kääntyy ylösalaisin. Markkinatorista muodostui muutamaksi päiväksi monenlaisten merkitysten ja intressien sävyttämä paikka, jossa maaseutu ja kaupunki sekoittuivat, niiden väliset ristiriidat
August Tobler, the Swiss Pioneer of South Sumatra Geological Mapping, 1900-1912
Authors: Van Gorsel J.T. (Han) , Gunzenhauser Bernhard
Published: December 2021

Dr. August Tobler was a well-known Swiss geologist, who, as one of the very first petroleum field geologists in the Netherlands Indies, did more than ten years of geological mapping in the tiger-infested jungles of South Sumatra. He first worked for the Koninklijke/Royal Dutch and Moeara Enim oil companies in South Sumatra from 1900 to 1904. This was followed by six more years of geological mapping in the Jambi basin, as the first non-Dutch geoscientist at the Dienst van het Mijnwezen (Geological Survey). His thoroughly documented monographs and geologic maps of his geological fieldwork in the Palembang and Jambi basins of South Sumatra, as well as the adjacent Barisan Mountains, set new standards for quality and detail.Much of the personal information on Dr. Tobler is from papers by Kugler (1930, 1963), Oppenoorth (1930), Stehlin (1931) and Hottinger (2013). This paper is one of the chapters from a new book that is being prepared by the first author, entitled Pioneers and Milestones of Indonesian Geology (~1820-1960).
Del párrafo a la viñeta: El Cid (2020), de José Luis Corral y Alberto Valero
Authors: Crespo-Vila Raquel
Published: December 2021

RESUMEN:
En línea con aquellos trabajos que ya dieron cuenta de la proyección de la materia cidiana sobre formatos o expresiones culturales ajenos al de la literatura —véase, por ejemplo: Rodiek ([1990] 1995), Aguilar (2014), Boix Jovaní (2015), Saguar García (2017), Escandell Montiel (2017)—, el propósito de este trabajo radica en el examen y comentario de la novela gráfica El Cid, aparecida en el año 2020, guionizada e ilustrada por Alberto Valero y basada en la novela histórica homónima de José Luis Corral, del año 2000. El objetivo es, pues, analizar esta nueva recreación de la historia de Rodrigo Díaz en relación con el texto originario del que parte —y aún con una larga tradición debida al héroe— y en función de las particularidades icono-textuales que atañen a la novela gráfica.
ABSTRACT:
Close to those works that already analyzed the projection of the Cidian matter on formats or cultural expressions other than literature —Rodiek ([1990] 1995), Aguilar (2014), Boix Jovaní (2015), Saguar García (2017), Escandell Montiel (2017)—, the aim of this article is to examine the graphic novel El Cid (2020), scripted and illustrated by Alberto Valero and based on the homonymous historical novel by José Luis Corral (2000). The objective is to analyze this new cidian recreation in relation to the original novel from which it starts, a long cidian tradition and the discursive particularities of the graphic novel.
A HISTÓRIA DO INÍCIO DAS POLÍCIAS NO BRASIL
Authors: Gomes Antonio José Ferreira
Published: December 2021

Na sociedade, a força policial é perpassada por diversos contextos relativos às concepções que nortearam as relações sociais ao longo da história. Compreender o processo histórico que faz com que hoje a polícia esteja envolvida em uma série de polêmicas em relação ao uso abusivo de sua força, atrelada ao caos na segurança pública do país, a qual não dá conta de atender às demandas da sociedade, é fundamental para que o fazer policial possa ser discutido, e para além, seja repensado de forma a construir novos pressupostos que possam contribuir na resolução dos conflitos que norteiam as relações sociais. A metodologia utilizada para compor o presente estudo foi de cunho bibliográfico, exploratória e abordagem qualitativa, com busca através de meio físico e digital, através da base da dados Scielo e Google Acadêmico. Implicar-se na história do início da polícia no Brasil permite a elucidação dos paradigmas de violência principalmente em relação às camadas marginalizadas da população na contemporaneidade. A história brasileira de colonização e escravidão infringe reflexos expressivos nas relações sociais que são estabelecidas na atualidade, e neste âmbito, a polícia sempre possui um papel repreensivo, com finalidade de controle social por parte do Estado e das classes dominantes.
RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA: MÉTODOS NÃO FARMACOLÓGICOS PARA O MANEJO DA DOR DO RECÉM-NASCIDO PRÉ-TERMOS
Authors: Ferreira Keyze Mirelly Carneiro da Silva , Vasconcelos Neirice Rodrigues Alves de , Carvalho Vanessa Katllen Laurentino de , Negreiros Adálida Fernandes Vidal de , Felismino Débora da Silva Firino , Lima Elisiandre Martins de
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho apresenta experiências de enfermeiras residentes durante o desenvolvimento de um projeto de intervenção utilizando-se a educação continuada para promover a conscientização dos profissionais de uma maternidade da Paraíba acerca do manejo da dor no recém-nascido. Foram realizados três encontros que contemplou a presença de diversos profissionais das unidades neonatais da referida instituição expondo a importância e a necessidade da utilização dos métodos não farmacológicos para o alívio da dor no RNPT. Durante a apresentação ocorreram discussões acerca dos tópicos explanados, na qual cada profissional presente contribuiu com a sua experiência profissional, indagações e sugestões. Dessa forma, através da educação continuada, foi possível a construção de um ambiente de troca de conhecimentos e experiências, agregando valores tanto às enfermeiras residentes, quanto às profissionais presentes no encontro, além de contribuir com o serviço através da conscientização dos impactos da dor nos prematuros, possíveis consequências e métodos alternativos para a sua redução, em prol de uma melhor experiência durante a internação dos pequeninos.
IMPACTO DO CONSUMO ALIMENTAR NA SAÚDE BUCAL
Authors: Barbosa Adriano Batista , Ribeiro Brenda Reizer , Nogueira Isadora Laitano
Published: December 2021

A segurança da saúde bucal dos indivíduos e comunidades é influenciada pelo conhecimento e entendimento dos processos envolvidos no desenvolvimento da cárie dentária que, ao longo do tempo, vem sendo conceituada sob diferentes óticas. De forma geral encontramos que se trata de uma doença crônica, multifatorial e afetada grandemente pelas condições socioeconômicas. Quando estabelecida proporciona quadros de dor e sofrimento que impactam na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos afetados. Inúmeras pesquisas e estudos comprovam a importância do padrão alimentar no processo de seu desenvolvimento. A condição de sobrepeso ou obesidade, determinada por dietas ricas em gordura e açúcar, aumenta a possibilidade do surgimento de cáries dentárias. Por outro lado, a desnutrição, percebida pela redução de medidas antropométricas para a idade, acarreta maior severidade das lesões. A pesquisa justifica-se pela relevância do tema, acrescenta conhecimentos específicos na formação científica do cirurgião dentista, colaborando para maior eficácia de sua ação profissional. A revisão narrativa de bibliografia é baseada em artigos publicados nos últimos 05 anos, que tem como objetivo apresentar a discussão recente sobre a nutrição no contexto da saúde bucal, destacando o papel da sacarose.
A COMPETITIVIDADE DAS EMPRESAS COM O SCM
Authors: Alves Israel Ribeiro
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo possui como objetivo verificar através de pesquisa bibliográfica, com o seguinte tema, como as empresas estão mais competitivas com a gestão na cadeia de suprimentos, e como o gerenciamento pode ser ferramenta de estratégia contribuindo para a competitividade vantajosa. O objetivo desse trabalho é demonstrar que a gestão nas cadeias de suprimentos, vem sendo um elemento importante para competitividade vantajosa, com visão relacional, associada a inserção da firma em redes de relacionamentos para o desenvolvimento de recursos relacionais, com base na diminuição dos custos nas operações logísticas gerando maior valor aos consumidores sendo que, o nível de competitividade aumentou entre as organizações, forçando várias empresas a reestruturar seus processos, tornando as flexíveis, com uma qualidade melhor e também com o menor custo para a permanência no mercado cada vez mais vem sendo competitivo. Com o gerenciamento nas cadeias e suas etapas para o aperfeiçoamento dos processos, desde dos fornecedores até os consumidores, gera solidez e valor nos elos na cadeia de suplementos, nos últimas anos as empresas perceberam o quanto a competitividade é importante e ao mesmo tempo vantajosa gerando valor positivo para os negócios, sendo que a gestão dessa área contribui para que as organizações obtenham o seu diferencial competitivo e maximizem valores, é através de práticas adotadas com a gestão na cadeia de suplementos acompanhando as evoluções para a competitividade sustentável.