bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Explorando alguns temas relacionados à sexualidade junto aos Wajãpi do Amapari (AP)
Authors: Rosalen Juliana
Published: December 2017

Este artigo pretende explorar teorias e práticas wajãpi relacionadasà sexualidade. Serão desenvolvidas aqui duas dimensões específicas: a iniciaçãosexual de jovens mulheres e as relações extraconjugais. Ambos os temas são fundamentaispara a compreensão das sexualidades wajãpi e contribuem para desconstruçãode preconceitos proferidos pelos karai kõ (não índios). As relaçõessexuais, além de suprirem os desejos, permitem colocar em movimento um princípiomaior, que diz respeito à própria dimensão sociopolítica: a disseminação desubstâncias via afinização e predação.
Resguardo e sexualidade(s): uma antropologia simétrica das sexualidades amazônicas em transformação
Authors: Belaunde Luisa Elvira
Published: December 2017

O artigo investiga o cruzamento de olhares indígenas e não indígenassobre a sexualidade do outro na Amazônia Peruana. Começa por descrever o regimede consumo sexual dos corpos indígenas imposto pela economia extrativista eo surgimento das cidades a partir do auge da economia da borracha. Em seguida,foca nas concepções indígenas sobre as relações entre sexualidade e resguardo quearticulam os processos cotidianos e rituais de produção de corpos genderizadose seus agenciamentos sociocosmológicos. A partir daí, examina as percepçõesindígenas da sexualidade dos não indígenas habitantes das cidades, associados àfigura do boto do mundo subaquático. Argumenta, então, que o abandono daspráticas de resguardo é um ponto de inflexão da atual urbanização e transformaçãoda população amazônica em mestiça.
Dialética perspectivista anarcoindígena
Authors: Falleiros Guilherme Lavinas Jardim
Published: December 2017

Apresentarei hipótese teórica para o diálogo entre formas políticas ameríndias e anarquistas através da antropologia, destacando uma influência anarquista sobre a disciplina e contribuições que o diálogo pode oferecer tanto ao anarquismo quanto à antropologia. Apontarei semelhanças entre reflexões de Pierre-Joseph Proudhon e Claude Lévi-Strauss a partir da perspectiva do anarquista que pode ter influenciado o antropólogo americanista. Tais ressonâncias se desdobram no estudo do “princípio federativo” através do “dualismo político” proudhoniano e no “dualismo em perpétuo desequilíbrio feito política” investigado por Beatriz Perrone-Moisés e Renato Sztutman nas “formas políticas” ameríndias. Daí surgem desvios da política que apontam para contribuições teóricas e organizacionais dos indígenas para o anarquismo, com especial atenção para as alternativas dos A’uwe-Xavante, com quem tenho feito pesquisa etnográfica. Tais contribuições também afetam certa antropologia conectada ao anarquismo, ambos transformados pela “indianidade”.
Uma reflexão sobre a pesca distante da dialética newtoniana: o cerco e a tainha
Authors: Santos Lucas Lima dos
Published: December 2017

Como uma tentativa de fazer alguns entrelaçamentos entre a biologia e a antropologia, por meio desse artigo pretendo descrever os processos cotransformacionais que se realizam antes e durante a captura de peixes por uma armadilha, na região sul da ilha do Cardoso (Cananeia, SP). Trazendo as coisas a vida, em um agenciamento distribuído, para que a armadilha de pesca cerco sejaeficiente, diversos caminhos são traçados e convergidos entre humanos e não humanos. Com isso, as atuações do cerco não estão limitadas apenas ao ambiente fluvioestuarino insular, mas atravessam as conexões com o mar (barras de Ararapira e Cananeia) e se estendem para outras regiões do Brasil.
Conservação da agrobiodiversidade e desmatamento na Amazônia: os desafios da produção de farinha de mandioca na região de Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre
Authors: Carvalho Maira Bueno de
Published: December 2017

A valorização econômica da farinha de mandioca em Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, está ligada à conversão da economia local, antes baseada no extrativismo da borracha, em uma fundada na agricultura, com foco no plantio de mandioca. O fabrico da farinha, por sua vez, depende de um trabalhoso processo ligado à produção familiar e garante a segurança alimentar local, enquanto a comercialização da farinha é definida por aspectos políticos e econômicos. O aumento na produção de farinha de mandioca, porém, tem sido associado à ampliação do desmatamento da região. Ao mesmo tempo, existe a ideia de proteger a farinha com o mecanismo de indicação geográfica, o que coloca em debate a necessidade de se promover a conservação da agrobiodiversidade e dos processos que a geram. O presente artigo pretende demonstrar que a valorização da farinha de mandioca de Cruzeiro do Sul impõe vários desafios ligados à sua produção
La política, las calles y la niñez indígena en Argentina
Authors: Szulc Andrea , Enriz Noelia
Published: December 2017

Las vidas de los niños indígenas en Argentina se desarrollan en escenarios caracterizados por profundas tensiones entre organismos estatales, empresas privadas y otros actores sociales con intereses contrapuestos. La escasa implementación de los derechos indígenas, junto con las situaciones de exclusión, al norte o al sur del país, implican que estos niños frecuentemente desarrollen actividades de subsistencia en los centros urbanos o participen en movilizaciones políticas. Analizaremos aquí las reacciones estatales ante tal participación – como represión policial, institucionalización e intentos de revocar la patria potestad de los padres – que ponen en tensión el discurso de los derechos humanos, reactualizando las lógicas de la minoridad y del poder tutelar sobre los pueblos indígenas. Trabajaremos a partir de materiales etnográficos y registros periodísticos producidos en los casos de niños mapuche y mbya guaraní de las provincias de Neuquén y Misiones respectivamente.
Por amor e por direitos: as gramáticas do afeto e da política nas mobilizações públicas de familiares de autistas
Authors: Nunes Fernanda
Published: December 2017

O período entre 2009 e 2012 foi considerado um marco na históriadas pessoas com autismo no Brasil devido à sanção da lei federal no 12.764/2012,que reconheceu os autistas, para todos os efeitos legais, como pessoas com deficiência. A legislação é fruto do reconhecimento público de manifestações de pais e familiares, em um contexto de positivação do termo deficiência como instrumento político-identitário da “luta por direitos”. Este trabalho aborda as principais estratégias de visibilidade adotadas por movimentos de familiares de autistas no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Pretende-se responder, assim, aos seguintes quesitos: a) Quais processos e motivações permitem que uma questão privada se transforme em uma questão pública? b) Quais são os artifícios utilizados em nome de demandas “pró-autistas” e de que forma eles atuam na construção de políticas públicas voltadas ao segmento? A metodologia envolveu entrevistas com informantes qualificados e observação participante em eventos públicos, mobilizações e passeatas organizados por três grupos de pais de autistas.
Casas de Apoio: assistência médica e sociabilidades urbano-rurais
Authors: Chianca Luciana , Azevedo Julianna
Published: December 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar como as categorias do rural e do urbano são relativizadas por instituições sociais sustentadas por redes médicas e políticas no Nordeste brasileiro. Nossa análise é viabilizada pela etnografia de uma “casa de apoio”, um espaço de estadia e promoção de assistência logística para doentes submetidos a tratamento médico que se encontram distantes dos seus locais de residência. Ao examinarmos a Oestana, descortinamos situações e relações reveladoras de uma sociabilidade sustentada pela empatia e gratidão, elementos que remetem aos vínculos médicos, culturais e políticos prévios à estadia. Assim, destacamos a presença de um ethos na constituição e funcionamento cotidiano da casa, agência paradigmática do trânsito “rural-urbano”, que expõe algumas formas inusitadas da assistência médica no Brasil contemporâneo.
Chache lavi Deyò: uma reflexão sobre a categoria refúgio a partir da diáspora haitiana no Brasil
Authors: Bersani Ana Elisa
Published: December 2017

O presente ensaio reflete sobre os sentidos analíticos e políticos do termo refúgio a partir de uma perspectiva que toma tal categoria como constructo social dotado de múltiplos significados. Busca-se revelar e problematizar asdinâmicas sociais e lógicas de classificação articuladas no cenário brasileiro diante da recente chegada dos imigrantes haitianos. Nesse sentido, em um primeiro momento, exploram-se as políticas migratórias adotadas pelo Estado brasileiro para o caso específico dos haitianos e as implicações da criação do “visto permanente por razões humanitárias”, observando como as categorias “refugiados” e “imigrantes” foram mobilizadas pelo governo para enquadrar juridicamente ou não os haitianos nas políticas migratórias nacionais. A partir de uma angulação diferente, abordaremos ainda os sentidos sociais da diaspora e a centralidade dessa categoria êmica para a compreensão das lógicas classificatórias em jogo, através da reflexão sobre os valores morais expressos pela obrigação amplamente difundida no Haiti de “Chache lavi Deyò” (buscar melhores meios de vida fora).
O visto e o invisível
Authors: Hikiji  Rose Satiko Gitirana , Chalcraft Jasper
Published: December 2017

Este ensaio resulta de colaborações entre o artista da República Democrática do Congo Shambuyi Wetu e nós, antropólogos. Em suas quimeras, Shambuyi materializa identidades alternativas para o imigrante e o refugiado africanos no Brasil. Com sua utopia crítica, promove uma narrativa decolonizadora acerca da escassez, da guerra, do sofrimento.
Apontamentos para uma antropologia política do tempo
Authors: Zuker Fábio
Published: December 2017

Esse ensaio se desenvolve entre os campos da antropologia contemporânea, da historiografia e do pensamento político. A partir do referencial crítico da antropologia simétrica apontamos para o modo como a modernidade reivindica uma compreensão específica da categoria tempo. Interpretamos o papel que essa categoria desempenha no modo como a modernidade imagina a si mesma, e as consequências propriamente políticas de tais concepções. Por fim, indagamos como, com o dito fim da modernidade, ou seja, com o fim do conflito ao redor das possibilidades de desdobramento do mundo, o argumento de fim da história embasa a concepção de que existe apenas um modelo político econômico possível. Buscamos certas torções a esse discurso hegemônico neoliberal a partir de outras cosmologias, capazes de aumentar a criticalidade da empreitada através de outras concepções temporais.
Informality and employment vulnerability: application in sellers with subsistence work
Authors: Garzón-Duque María Osley , Cardona-Arango María Doris , Rodríguez-Ospina Fabio León , Egura-Cardona Angela María
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE: To describe the origin, evolution, and application of the concept of employment vulnerability in workers who subsist on street sales. METHODS: We have carried out an analysis of the literature in database in Spanish, Portuguese, and English, without restriction by country. This is a review of the gray literature of government reports, articles, and documents from Latin America and the Caribbean. We have analyzed information on the informal economy, social-employment vulnerability, and subsistence workers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The concept of informal economy is dispersed and suggested as synonymous with employment vulnerability. As a polysemic term, it generates confusion and difficulty in identifying defined profiles of employment vulnerability in informal subsistence workers, who sell their products on the streets and sidewalks of cities. The lack of a clear concept and profile of employment vulnerability for this type of workers generates a restriction on defined actions to reduce employment vulnerability. The profiles could facilitate access to the acquisition of assets that support their structure of opportunities, facilitating and mediating in the passage from vulnerability to social mobility with opportunities. We propose as a concept of employment vulnerability for subsistence workers in the informal sector, the condition of those who must work by day to eat at night, who have little or no ownership of assets, and who have a minimum structure of opportunities to prevent, face, and resist the critical situations that occur daily, putting at risk their subsistence and that of the persons who are their responsibility, thus making the connection between social and employment vulnerability
Variabilidade climática aumenta a morbimortalidade associada ao material particulado
Authors: Rodrigues Poliany Cristiny de Oliveira , Pinheiro Samya de Lara , Junger Washington , Ignotti Eliane , Hacon Sandra de Souza
Published: December 2017

OBJETIVO: Analisar se o material particulado fino (PM2,5), bem como seu efeito sinérgico com a temperatura máxima, a umidade e as estações do ano estão associados à morbimortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares. MÉTODOS: Estudo ecológico de séries temporais. Foram utilizados como desfechos os registros diários de óbito e internação em adultos com 45 anos ou mais de idade para os anos de 2009 a 2011 nos municípios de Cuiabá e Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Utilizou-se regressão de Poisson via modelos aditivos generalizados, assumindo-se um nível de significância de 5%. O modelo foi controlado para tendência temporal, sazonalidade, temperatura média, umidade e efeitos de calendário. Concentrações diárias de PM2,5 (material particulado com diâmetro aerodinâmico inferior a 2,5 micrômetros) foram obtidas por meio da conversão dos valores da espessura ótica de aerossóis. Temperatura máxima, umidade e estações do ano foram incluídas separadamente ao modelo como variáveis indicadoras para análise do efeito sinérgico do PM2,5 com a morbimortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares. Foi calculado o aumento percentual de risco relativo (%RR) dos óbitos e internações para o aumento linear de 10 μg/m3 de PM2,5. RESULTADOS: Entre 2009 e 2011, o aumento de PM2,5 foi associado a um %RR 2,28 (IC95% 0,53–4,06) para internações no mesmo dia de exposição e %RR 3,57 (IC95% 0,82–6,38) para óbitos com uma defasagem de três dias. Em dias quentes, observou-se %RR 4,90 (IC95% -0,61–9,38) para óbitos. Não foi observada modificação de efeito do PM2,5 pela temperatura máxima relacionada as internações. Em dias com baixa umidade, o %RR foi 5,35 (IC95% -0,20–11,22) para óbitos e 2,71 (IC95% -0,39–5,92) para internações. Na estação seca, o %RR foi 2,35 (IC95% 0,59–4,15) para internações e 3,43 (IC95% 0,58–6,35) para óbitos. CONCLUSÕES: O PM2,5 está associado à morbimortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares e seus efeitos podem ser potencializados pelo calor, pela baixa umidade e durante a estação seca
TIME Trial: Effect of Timing of Stem Cell Delivery Following ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction on the Recovery of Global and Regional Left Ventricular Function
Authors: Traverse Jay H. , Henry Timothy D. , Pepine Carl J. , Willerson James T. , Chugh Atul , Yang Phillip C. , Zhao David X.M. , Ellis Stephen G. , Forder John R. , Perin Emerson C. , Penn Marc S. , Hatzopoulos Antonis K. , Chambers Jeffrey C. , Baran Kenneth W. , Raveendran Ganesh , Gee Adrian P. , Taylor Doris A. , Moyé Lem , Ebert Ray F. , Simari Robert D.
Published: December 2017

Rationale:

The TIME trial (Timing in Myocardial Infarction Evaluation) was the first cell therapy trial sufficiently powered to determine if timing of cell delivery after ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction affects recovery of left ventricular (LV) function.

Objective:

To report the 2-year clinical and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging results and their modification by microvascular obstruction.

Methods and Results:

TIME was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing 150 million bone marrow mononuclear cells versus placebo in 120 patients with anterior ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarctions resulting in LV dysfunction. Primary end points included changes in global (LV ejection fraction) and regional (infarct and border zone) function. Secondary end points included changes in LV volumes, infarct size, and major adverse cardiac events. Here, we analyzed the continued trajectory of these measures out to 2 years and the influence of microvascular obstruction present at baseline on these long-term outcomes. At 2 years (n=85), LV ejection fraction was similar in the bone marrow mononuclear cells (48.7%) and placebo groups (51.6%) with no difference in regional LV function. Infarct size and LV mass decreased ≥30% in each group at 6 months and declined gradually to 2 years. LV volumes increased ≈10% at 6 months and remained stable to 2 years. Microvascular obstruction was present in 48 patients at baseline and was associated with significantly larger infarct size (56.5 versus 36.2 g), greater adverse LV remodeling, and marked reduction in LV ejection fraction recovery (0.2% versus 6.2%).

Conclusions:

In one of the longest serial cardiac magnetic resonance imaging analyses of patients with large anterior ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarctions, bone marrow mononuclear cells administration did not improve recovery of LV function over 2 years. Microvascular obstruction was associated with reduced recovery of LV function, greater adverse LV remodeling, and more device implantations. The use of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging leads to greater dropout of patients over time because of device implantation in patients with more severe LV dysfunction resulting in overestimation of clinical stability of the cohort.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00684021.
Thrombocytopenia as a Preoperative Risk Assessment Tool in Patients With Rheumatic Heart Disease Undergoing Valve Replacement Surgery
Authors: Wei Xue‐biao , Jiang Lei , Liu Yuan‐hui , Feng Du , He Peng‐cheng , Chen Ji‐yan , Tan Ning , Yu Dan‐qing
Published: December 2017

Background

Postoperative thrombocytopenia has been reported to be correlated with adverse events, but the prognostic value of baseline thrombocytopenia is unclear. This study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between preoperative thrombocytopenia and adverse outcomes in patients with rheumatic heart disease who underwent valve replacement surgery.

Methods and Results

A total of 1789 patients with rheumatic heart disease undergoing valve replacement surgery were consecutively enrolled and postoperatively followed up for 1 year. Patients were stratified on the basis of presence (n=495) or absence (n=1294) of thrombocytopenia (platelet count, <150×10
9
/L), according to hospital admission platelet counts. During the hospitalization period, 69 patients (3.9%) died. The in‐hospital all‐cause mortality rate was significantly higher in the thrombocytopenic group (6.9% versus 2.7%;
P
<0.001). Multivariate analyses revealed that thrombocytopenia was independently associated with in‐hospital all‐cause mortality (odds ratio, 2.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.29–3.80;
P
=0.004). Platelet counts could predict in‐hospital all‐cause mortality for patients both with and without previous atrial fibrillation (areas under the curve, 0.708 [
P
<0.001] and 0.610 [
P
=0.025], respectively). One‐year survival was significantly lower in patients with thrombocytopenia compared with controls (91.3% versus 96.1%; log‐rank=14.65;
P
<0.001). In addition, thrombocytopenia was an independent predictor for postoperative 1‐year all‐cause mortality in multivariate Cox regression analysis.

Conclusions

Platelet counts, as simple and inexpensive indexes, were reliable to be used as a preoperative risk assessment tool for patients with rheumatic heart disease undergoing valve replacement surgery.
Left Ventricular Thrombi in Takotsubo Syndrome: Incidence, Predictors, and Management: Results From the GEIST (German Italian Stress Cardiomyopathy) Registry
Authors: Santoro Francesco , Stiermaier Thomas , Tarantino Nicola , De Gennaro Luisa , Moeller Christian , Guastafierro Francesca , Marchetti Maria Francesca , Montisci Roberta , Carapelle Elena , Graf Tobias , Caldarola Pasquale , Thiele Holger , Di Biase Matteo , Brunetti Natale Daniele , Eitel Ingo
Published: December 2017

Background

Left ventricular (
LV
) thrombi during Takotsubo syndrome represent a potential complication and can be associated with cerebrovascular embolic events. The aim of this study was to evaluate the exact incidence, predictors, and management strategies of
LV
thrombi in patients with Takotsubo syndrome.

Methods and Results

We enrolled 541 consecutive patients in a multicenter international registry. Clinical features and echocardiographic data at admission, during hospitalization, and after 3 months were evaluated. Survival rates for long‐term follow‐up (mean 984±908 days) were recorded. Twelve Takotsubo syndrome patients (2.2%) developed
LV
thrombi (all female presenting with apical ballooning pattern). All patients with
LV
thrombi were treated with oral anticoagulation therapy; however, 2 (17%) had a stroke before treatment initiation. These patients were characterized by a higher prevalence of
ST
‐elevation (56% versus 16%;
P
<0.001) and higher troponin I levels (10.8±18.3 ng/mL versus 3.5±4.3 ng/mL;
P
=0.001) as compared with those without
LV
thrombi. At multivariate analysis including age, sex, LV ejection fraction,
ST
‐elevation at admission, and apical ballooning pattern, troponin I level >10 ng/mL was the only predictor for
LV
thrombosis (hazard ratio 6.6, confidence interval, 1.01–40.0;
P
=0.04). After 3 months all
LV
thrombi disappeared. Oral anticoagulation therapy was interrupted in all patients except 1. At long‐term follow‐up, the survival rate was not different between patients with and without
LV
thrombi (84% versus 85%;
P
=0.99).

Conclusions

LV
thrombi have a relatively low incidence among patients with Takotsubo syndrome and were detected in female patients with apical ballooning pattern and increased troponin levels. Oral anticoagulation therapy for 3 months seems reasonable in these high‐risk patients.
Combining morphological and molecular data to classify Laxus sakihariiae sp. n., a new stilbonematine nematode (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the coast of Sesoko Island, Japan
Authors: Leduc Daniel , Sinniger Frederic
Published: December 2017

Because of their relatively simple body plan, the number of morphological characters used to differentiate between closely related nematode genera is often limited. In addition, boundaries among genera sometimes become blurred due to the appearance of new trait combinations as more new species are described. Molecular phylogenetic analyses can address the shortcomings of morphological taxonomy by clarifying relationships among closely related species and genera and can help identify which morphological characters are taxonomically informative. Here, we describeLaxus sakihariiaesp. n. from shallow subtidal sands on Sesoko Island in the Okinawa prefecture, investigate phylogenetic relationships with other stilbonematine species and genera based on SSU rDNA sequences, and provide the first LSU rDNA sequence for the subfamily. The new species can be easily distinguished from all other species of the genus by the presence in the male of subventral and ventral rows of stout and spine-like setae in the pre- and postcloacal regions. This feature suggests affinities with the closely related genusLeptonemella, although the SSU consensus tree clearly shows that the new species forms a monophyletic clade together with the otherLaxusspecies for which sequences are available. The structure of the cephalic capsule inL. sakihariiaesp. n., which consists of a block layer between the median and basal zones of the cephalic cuticle, is consistent with the placement of this species. This trait is not currently used as a diagnostic feature, but our finding suggests that the structure of the cephalic capsule may be taxonomically useful for differentiating between some stilbonematine genera.
Sorption of the nematicide fluensulfone in six UK arable soils – implications for control of the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida
Authors: Norshie Patrick M. , Grove Ivan G. , Back Matthew A.
Published: December 2017

Batch adsorption experiments were performed to determine the sorption of the nematicide fluensulfone as a technical-grade and a granular formulation (as Nimitz 15G) in six UK arable soils. The Freundlich and equilibrium sorption coefficients and , respectively, were generally low. and correlated positively with soil organic matter in all instances. The sorption kinetics was similar for both forms, but the was about four times lower for Nimitz 15G than the technical-grade, suggesting concentration dependency of fluensulfone sorption. The low sorption of fluensulfone across the soils indicates that partitioning of fluensulfone to the soil liquid phase may be unlimited. Therefore, substantial availability in the soil to be effective is likely. Sorption, therefore, may not limit fluensulfone efficacy. Nonetheless, these results call for cautious use of the nematicide because leaching is possible.
“Hairy” bark in Lannea schweinfurthii (Anacardiaceae): hyperhydric-like tissue formed under arid conditions
Authors: Kotina Ekaterina L. , Tilney Patricia M. , van Wyk Abraham E. , Oskolski Alexei A. , van Wyk Ben-Erik
Published: December 2017

A remarkable, almost fur-like “indumentum” of velvety “hairs” (sometimes referred to as “fungi”) occurs on the roots (and to a lesser extent also on the trunk) of Lannea schweinfurthii var. stuhlmannii and is known as vhulivhadza in the Venda language (Tshivenḓa). The hairs are traditionally used by the Venda people (Vhavenḓa) of the Limpopo Province of South Africa, for various biocultural purposes. A detailed anatomical study of the origin, structure and development of these unusual “hairs” showed that they are of peridermal origin and develop from dense clusters of phelloid cells which are scattered within the stratified phellem. These cells are capable of considerable radial elongation thus forming hair-like radial files of elongated phelloid cells. The “hairy” patches on the bark may also develop from lenticels which become hypertrophied. These clusters of phelloid cells resemble the hyperhydric tissue which is reportedly formed in periderm of stems exposed to a water-saturated environment in some plant species. The formation of hyperhydric-like tissue in roots and stems of L. schweinfurthii var. stuhlmannii occurs, however, under relatively arid conditions. Since this tissue contains large intercellular spaces, it may also be regarded as a specialized type of aerenchymatous phellem. The adaptive significance, if any, of the phelloid “hairs” remains unknown.
Comparative Discrimination Law: Historical and Theoretical Frameworks
Authors: Carlson Laura
Published: December 2017

Human history is marked by group and individual struggles for emancipation, equality and self-expression. This first volume in the Brill Research Perspectives in Comparative Discrimination Law briefly explores some of the history underlying these efforts in the field of discrimination law. A broad discussion of the historical development of issues of discrimination is first set out, looking at certain international, regional and national bases for modern discrimination legal structures. The national frameworks examined are the United States, the United Kingdom and Sweden, focusing on the historical developments in each of the countries with respect to discrimination legislation. Several of the theoretical frameworks invoked in a comparative discrimination law analysis are then addressed, either as institutional frameworks or theories addressing specific protection grounds. These include access to justice, comparative law method, feminist legal theory, critical race theory, post-colonial theory, queer theory and intersectionality.
Revision of Afrotropical Silky Lacewings (Neuroptera: Psychopsidae)
Authors: BAKKES DEON K. , SOLE CATHERINE L. , MANSELL MERVYN W.
Published: December 2017

Afrotropical Psychopsidae Handlirsch are revised based on morphology. Molecular data from a previous study enables updated taxonomy in this revision, and morphology corroborates phylogenetic divergences. The genus Silveira was found to form a lineage separate from Zygophlebiinae based on molecular data and six morphological synapomorphies. In this revision, Silveira is moved to a new subfamily, leaving only Cabralis and Zygophlebius in Zygophlebiinae. Two new species of Cabralis are described. Afrotropical Psychopsidae now comprise ten species, three genera and two subfamilies. A dichotomous key to these taxa is provided, along with a web link to a fully-illustrated and interactive multi-access LUCID v3 key. High resolution images and distribution maps are provided for all species.
New Siberian “spineless” species of Thalassaphorura Bagnall, 1949 (Collembola, Onychiuridae), with a key to world species of the genus
Authors: KAPRUS IGOR , PAŚNIK GRZEGORZ
Published: December 2017

Six new species of Thalassaphorura from South Siberia are described and illustrated: T. aspinata sp. nov., T. sayana sp. nov., T. sibirica sp. nov., T. stebaevae sp. nov., T. stepensis sp. nov. and T. weineri sp. nov. Their affinity with related species is discussed and a comparison of all species without anal spines is presented. The key to the world species of Thalassaphorura and their geographic distribution are also provided.
Three new species of Ceraclea Stephens 1829 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) from Southeast Asia
Authors: LAUDEE PONGSAK , SEETAPAN KRIENGKRAI , MALICKY HANS
Published: December 2017

Three new species of Ceraclea (Leptoceridae) from Southeast Asia are described and illustrated: Ceraclea (Athripsodina) trisdikooni n. sp. from Myanmar, C. (A.) thongnooi n. sp. from Thailand and Myanmar and C. (A.) thongpongi n. sp. from Laos. Ceraclea trisdikooni n. sp. is distinguished from other species by its inferior appendages recurved ventrad nearly 180° apically. The apex of the basal segment of each inferior appendage is more pointed. In ventral view, each inferior appendage of the new species has an obvious basoventral lobe with numerous long setae. Ceraclea thongnooi n. sp. is distinguished from those by inferior appendages that are each shaped like a seahorse head both in lateral view and ventral view. Ceraclea thongpongi n. sp. is distinguished from other species by the rectangular preanal appendages. In dorsal view, the apical end of segment X is oval and notched apically; in ventral view, the subapicodorsal lobe of each inferior appendage is rounded and straight.
Broken Dreams, False Promises, and the Decline of Public Schooling
Authors: McLaren Peter
Published: December 2017

The thrust of the most prominent proposals for educational reform in the 1980s has been to make the schools more efficient at servicing the needs of the dominant social order. In the meantime, a backlog of neglected social problems has developed which points up the need for schools to develop the critical faculties of their students. In fact, a wide range of telling statistics on the socio-economic aspects of American education show that the schools themselves are severely impacted by the inequalities present in the larger society—particularly along racial lines. The need for a critical pedagogy is acute.
Book Review: Roger Jeffery, Craig Jeffrey, Jens Lerche (Eds), Development Failure and Identity Politics in Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Trivedi Anshul
Published: December 2017

Roger Jeffery, Craig Jeffrey, Jens Lerche (Eds), Development Failure and Identity Politics in Uttar Pradesh. New Delhi: SAGE Publications, 2014, 284 pp., ₹995, ISBN: 9788132116639 (Hardback).
Polysomnographic Oxygen Saturation Findings for Preteen Children versus Adolescents
Authors: Wiebracht Nathan D. , He Shan , Cotton Colin , Meinzen‐Derr Jareen , Shott Gordon , Smith David F. , McConnell Keith B. , Ishman Stacey L.
Published: December 2017

Objective

Home oximetry is commonly used to screen for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children; however, normal oxygen desaturation levels by disease severity are not well known. It was our objective to determine if oxygen saturation levels differed by OSA severity category in children and if these differences were similar for preteen children and adolescents.

Study Design

Retrospective case series of children undergoing polysomnography from September 2011 to July 2015.

Setting

Tertiary pediatric hospital.

Subjects and Methods

Six‐ to 18‐year‐olds (preteen, 6‐12 years old; adolescent, 13‐18 years old). Chi‐square, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Kruskal‐Wallis testing were used to compare variables between age groups.

Results

The study included 342 children with a mean age of 11.3 ± 2.4 years (range, 6.5‐17.5) and a mean body mass index of 25.6 ± 9.2 kg/m2 (78 ± 29 percentile); 61% were white, 35% were black, and 4% were other or unknown. Of the children, 48% were female, and this was not a significant difference between age groups (P =. 81). Overall, 50% of the children had no OSA, 32% mild, 10% moderate, and 8% severe. When compared with the younger children, the adolescents had a longer sleep time (P =. 014) and a higher mean obstructive apnea‐hypopnea index (3.53 ± 5.1 vs 3.03 ± 6.1 events per hour, P =. 02). The 3% and 4% oxygen desaturation indices were not significantly different between age groups when accounting for OSA severity.

Conclusion

Adolescents have longer sleep times and higher obstructive apnea‐hypopnea indexes than preteens, but oxygen saturations and desaturation indices were similar. This supports current triage algorithms for children with OSA, as we found no significant age‐based differences.
Why Actionable Statements Are Needed for Measurement Development
Authors: Gooi Zhen
Published: December 2017

Clinical guidelines are an avenue to improve patient outcomes based on best available clinical evidence. Actionable statements represent the foundation of a clinical guideline and form an important bridge to subsequent performance measurement efforts.
Socially Connected but Still Isolated: Smartphone Addiction Decreases Social Support Over Time
Authors: Herrero Juan , Urueña Alberto , Torres Andrea , Hidalgo Antonio
Published: December 2017

Recent literature has suggested that smartphone addiction is negatively associated with users’ psychosocial well-being. Much of the research on this subject, however, is of a correlational nature, which has been pointed out as an important limitation that does not allow distinguishing the antecedents of the consequences. In this study, 416 smartphone users were followed for 1 year (three waves separated by 6 months each) to assess the relationship between smartphone addiction and social support. Cross-lagged model results indicated that social support predicts later addiction to the smartphone and that smartphone addiction decreases social support over time. Growth mixture model results indicated that the decrease in social support during the follow-up year was higher for users with greater smartphone addiction at the beginning of the study. Multivariate and univariate analyses of variance indicated that some personal characteristics of users (extroversion, neuroticism, and sensation-seeking) could affect the evolution of social support related to smartphone addiction. In general, these results suggest that the extensive use of a social communication technology such as the smartphone could have the paradoxical effect of diminishing the psychosocial well-being of its users.
Strong coupling analysis of fluid–solid for magnetorheological fluid braking system
Authors: Wang Yao , Li Shujun , Meng Wenjun
Published: December 2017

In this study, the formula to calculate the impact factor of fluid–solid coupling ( ξ) was proposed in order to describe the fluid–solid strong coupling relationship of the whole system in a more realistic way based on the strong fluid–solid coupling problem between magnetorheological fluid and the surface of a brake disc due to the shearing friction in braking process. The magnetorheological fluid was considered using a Herscher–Bulkley model according to the structural features and fluid properties of the magnetorheological braking system with double coils placed on the side housing. Next, a correlation between the constitutive equations of the mechanical and thermal fields was established by analyzing their interaction parameters. The numerical simulation of the distribution disciplinarian of the mechanical and thermal fields in strong coupling was studied using COMSOL Multiphysics software. Experimental results have been compared with the simulations in terms of the surface temperature in braking process. The mathematical expression on the impact factor of coupling ( ξ) depending on braking time ( t) has been obtained by a numerical analysis. Simulation results revealed that the impact factor of coupling ( ξ) decreased with the braking time ( t). However, the change rate of function decreases first and then increases with time. There also exists an inflection point at t = 1.9025 in the function ξ of t and a strong nonlinear coupling relationship between the mechanical and thermal fields based on the inflection point properties of the function is found. In addition, all the maximum relative errors are less than 5%, which also reveals that there is a good agreement between the simulation and experimental results. This work can provide insights useful to solving complex multi-physics problems with strong coupling.
Pharmacy's Contribution to Geriatric Care
Authors: Butler Robert N.
Published: December 2017

It is clear that we currently lack the scientific knowledge necessary to deal with the vast array of problems, both physical and mental, which so often arise as a result of multipathology and its management by multiple-drug use. This lack of fundamental knowledge in the area of drug use, alteration in drug use, and aging reflects, to some degree, the historical neglect of research on the problems that confront the elderly. Pharmacists can and should take an active part in developing the scientific and clinical data base to ensure better management of drug use among the elderly.
Therapeutic Management of Primary Dysmenorrhea
Authors: Wenzloff Nancy J. , Shimp Leslie
Published: December 2017

Primary dysmenorrhea is a common gynecologic disorder. Dysmenorrheic pain normally has an onset of from 2–12 hours before the start of menses and tapers over the next one to two days. Although the exact etiology is unknown, this condition is associated with an increase in prostaglandin F2α.

In the past, nonspecific treatments such as heat and exercise were tried, with poor results. Little relief was offered by antispasmotics or low-dose aspirin.

Currently, effective therapy for primary dysmenorrhea includes oral contraceptives and prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. Oral contraceptives should be prescribed only for women who desire contraception and who are candidates for this type of therapy. Prostaglandin synthestase inhibitors can be given to women who do not desire oral contraceptives or those who do not respond to hormonal therapy. Secondary dysmenorrhea should be suspected in women who do not respond to either treatment modality.
Identity crisis in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Ruffenach G. , Bonnet S. , Rousseaux S. , Khochbin S. , Provencher S. , Perros F.
Published: December 2017

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) shares many hallmarks with cancer. Cancer cells acquire their hallmarks by a pathological Darwinian evolution process built on the so‐called cancer cell “identity crisis.” Here we demonstrate that PAH shares the most striking features of the cancer identity crisis: the ectopic expression of normally silent tissue‐specific genes.
Regulation of the maturation of human monocytes into immunosuppressive macrophages
Authors: Bayik Defne , Tross Debra , Haile Lydia A. , Verthelyi Daniela , Klinman Dennis M.
Published: December 2017

Key Points

NF-κB and Akt regulate human monocyte into macrophage differentiation; p38 MAPK and PTGS2 promote the generation of suppressive macrophage. The Toll-like receptor 2/1 agonist PAM3 induces human monocytes to mature into immunosuppressive macrophages in vitro and in vivo.
Draft genome sequence of Bacillus velezensis 2A-2B strain: a rhizospheric inhabitant of Sporobolus airoides (Torr.) Torr., with antifungal activity against root rot causing phytopathogens
Authors: Martínez-Raudales Inés , De La Cruz-Rodríguez Yumiko , Alvarado-Gutiérrez Alejandro , Vega-Arreguín Julio , Fraire-Mayorga Ahuitz , Alvarado-Rodríguez Miguel , Balderas-Hernández Victor , Fraire-Velázquez Saúl
Published: December 2017

A Bacillus velezensis strain from the rhizosphere of Sporobolus airoides (Torr.) Torr., a grass in central-north México, was isolated during a biocontrol of phytopathogens scrutiny study. The 2A-2B strain exhibited at least 60% of growth inhibition of virulent isolates of phytopathogens causing root rot. These phytopathogens include Phytophthora capsici, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. Furthermore, the 2A-2B strain is an indolacetic acid producer, and a plant inducer of PR1, which is an induced systemic resistance related gene in chili pepper plantlets. Whole genome sequencing was performed to generate a draft genome assembly of 3.953 MB with 46.36% of GC content, and a N50 of 294,737. The genome contains 3713 protein coding genes and 89 RNA genes. Moreover, comparative genome analysis revealed that the 2A-2B strain had the greatest identity (98.4%) with Bacillus velezensis.
A parametric fault displacement model to introduce kinematic control into modeling faults from sparse data
Authors: Godefroy Gabriel , Caumon Guillaume , Ford Mary , Laurent Gautier , Jackson Christopher A.-L.
Published: December 2017

Fault-related displacements impact oil and gas flow predictions at reservoir scales. We have integrated a quantitative description of fault-related deformation directly embedded into the structural modeling workflow. Consistent fault displacements are produced using numerical fault operators that deform horizons in accordance with theoretical isolated fault displacement models to generate kinematically consistent structural models. We compare structural modeling approaches based on such fault operators with those relying on interpolation. Several synthetic cross sections are generated from a reference high-resolution structural model of the Santos Basin, Brazil. Models are reconstructed from this 2D synthetic sparse data set using both methods. Their ability to produce consistent structural models is assessed by comparing reconstructed and reference models. On this example, kinematic modeling improves the quality of automatically generated models when only few or poor-quality observations are available, thus reducing the time needed for structural validation.
2016 World Health Organization Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors
Authors: Wen Patrick Y. , Huse Jason T.
Published: December 2017

Purpose of Review: Since 1979, the World Health Organization (WHO) has periodically published a consensus classification and grading of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) to ensure uniform histopathologic diagnostic criteria worldwide. In 2016, the WHO published an update of the fourth edition of the classification of CNS tumors. This article summarizes the major changes in the update and discusses their impact on clinical practice.

Recent Findings: For the first time, the 2016 revision of the WHO classification uses molecular parameters in addition to traditional histology to diagnose many CNS tumors, resulting in major restructuring of the classification of many tumors, especially gliomas, ependymomas, and medulloblastomas. Accordingly, nomenclature for selected entities now includes both a histopathologic diagnosis and defining molecular features.

Summary: The use of integrated phenotypic and genotypic parameters for the classification of CNS tumors introduces greater objectivity to the diagnosis but also requires more widespread availability of molecular testing. It is hoped that these changes will lead to greater diagnostic accuracy with more biologically homogeneous diagnostic entities and improved patient management and determination of prognosis.
Palliative Care, End-of-Life Care, and Advance Care Planning in Neuro-oncology
Authors: Walbert Tobias
Published: December 2017

Purpose of Review:Despite new therapeutic approaches, most patients with high-grade glioma face limited overall survival and have a high symptom burden throughout their disease trajectory, especially in the end-of-life phase. This article provides an overview of the role of palliative care in neuro-oncology. Management recommendations are made for neurologic symptoms in patients with advanced brain tumors, including headaches, nausea, and fatigue. Special attention is given to how and when to involve subspecialty palliative care and hospice services to improve symptom management during active tumor treatment and in the end-of-life phase of patients with brain tumors. Advance care planning and end-of-life goals should be addressed early in the disease trajectory; this article provides a road map for these discussions.

Recent Findings:The high symptom burden of patients with brain tumors affects their quality of life as well as their ability to make treatment decisions. It is therefore warranted to involve patients with high-grade glioma in treatment decision making early in the disease course, with a focus on end-of-life care and advance care planning. Research in other World Health Organization grade IV cancers has shown that the early involvement of specialty palliative care improves quality of life and caregiver satisfaction. Patients with brain tumors should be actively screened for fatigue, and underlying factors such as hormone deficiencies, low blood counts, and sleep issues should be addressed before focusing interventions for tumor- and treatment-related fatigue.

Summary:Palliative care can address typical symptoms, such as fatigue, nausea, and headaches that have the potential to severely disable patients with brain tumors. Advance care planning should be introduced proactively and early in the disease trajectory to ensure a dignified death and improved caregiver bereavement.
Paraneoplastic Disorders
Authors: Lancaster Eric
Published: December 2017

Purpose of Review: Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes target specific areas of the nervous system with pathogenic autoantibodies or T-cell responses. Each syndrome conveys a risk of particular tumors. Expanded paraneoplastic antibody testing has led to improved diagnosis but created challenges involving appropriate interpretation of test results.

Recent Findings: Peripheral nervous system paraneoplastic disorders such as myasthenia gravis and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome involve pathogenic autoantibodies. Recently, the pathogenic mechanisms and antigens of these disorders have been further elucidated. Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with onconeuronal antibodies, such as anti-Hu, have strong cancer associations and limited response to treatment. Autoimmunity to central nervous system membrane proteins, such as the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor or leucine-rich, glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1), defines an expanding group of disorders with better prognosis and more variable cancer associations. In these diseases, the autoantibodies are either proven to be or are potentially pathogenic. An animal model of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis will allow novel treatments to be developed. Autoantibodies to intracellular synaptic antigens, such as glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), are associated with diverse disorders such as stiff person syndrome, and the pathophysiology of these diseases is unclear.

Summary: Paraneoplastic disorders have diverse clinical manifestations, including weakness, sensory neuronopathy, encephalitis, epilepsy, and psychosis. Proper use of antibody testing may assist with diagnosis. Treatment may require immunotherapy and tumor treatment.