bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Social Risk‐Related Referrals in Discrete Primary Care Electronic Health Record Data: Lessons Learned From a Novel Methodology
Authors: Dankovchik Jenine , Gold Rachel , Ochoa Aileen , Donovan Jenna , Gunn Rose , Morrissey Suzanne , Huebner Torres Cristina , Mossman Ned , Berkowitz Seth A.
Published: February 2025

Objective

To assess the utility of using discrete primary care electronic health record (EHR) data to identify social risk referrals in a national network of community‐based clinics.

Data Sources and Study Setting

Primary data were abstracted from the OCHIN network EHR (June 2016 to February 2022) of 1459 community‐based clinics across the United States.

Study Design

Structured data elements included 913 commonly used smartphrases and 53 procedure codes that were considered potential indicators of social risk referrals. Using stratified purposive sampling, we compared these discrete data with clinical notes to assess concordance of social risk referral documentation, and of the prevalence, types, and outcomes of such referrals.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

Smartphrases were classified into three categories (likely, possible, or unlikely to indicate a social risk referral); 50 chart notes were sampled for each of the 25 most frequently used smartphrases in each category, and for 53 of the most frequently used procedure codes. A total of 6104 chart notes were reviewed.

Principal Findings

In 59% of chart notes where discrete data suggested a social risk referral occurred, there was no documentation of this in the note. Primary domains addressed were food insecurity (38%), financial stress (18%) and housing needs (18%). Common referral activities included providing contact information (26%), help with assistance applications (17%), and direct provision of resources (16%). Documentation indicated the patient received resources in 29% of notes.

Conclusions

EHR documentation of social risk referrals in structured data fields is inconsistent. Further work should establish best practices, especially given emerging policies that tie payments to documentation of social risk screening and intervention provision. Community health centers may struggle to use data elements such as smartphrases and procedure codes to monitor and report on their social risk referrals until standardized coding practices are established and effectively implemented.
Upward Influencers in Teams
Authors: Cai Wei , Chen Yaxuan , Shin Jee‐Eun
Published: February 2025

Upward influencers, employees who are more favorably perceived by their supervisors than their peers and subordinates, are predicted by economic and accounting theories and are found to be ubiquitous in many organizations. Despite their prevalence, the role of upward influencers in teams remains underexplored. This paper fills this void by using proprietary data from a service‐providing organization that allows for the identification of upward influencers based on its 360‐degree person evaluation. We find an inverted U‐shaped relationship between the fraction of upward influencers in a team and team performance. In cross‐sectional analyses, we show that this relationship is driven by conditions when the need for collaboration and information sharing is high and when managers are less experienced. Additional tests exploring the mechanisms for the role of upward influencers in teams suggest that they impair team horizontal relationships through lowering the willingness to communicate, share knowledge, and offer mutual assistance among team members. Yet, teams with upward influencers build better vertical relationships with supervisors, which, in return, is associated with supervisors allocating more of their time to provide team members with feedback and guidance. Taken together, this study contributes to the understanding of upward influencers in teams.
Self‐reported knowledge and attitudes surrounding care of LGBTQIA+ patients in the emergency department
Authors: Pavlovic Katherine , Thrower Emily , Malouf Jakob , Rotella Joe Anthony
Published: February 2025

Objective

The ED is a common pathway for receiving care for all consumers. Little is known about staff perspectives about care of consumers who identify as LGBTQIA+ in an Australian setting. We sort to explore staff knowledge, attitude and behaviours around care of LGBTQIA+ consumers to identify potential barriers to care.

Methods

An anonymised electronic survey of staff from a community hospital ED was conducted. Medical, nursing, allied health and clerical staff were all invited to participate. The survey contained 33 questions in the form of multiple‐choice questions and free‐text commentary. Responses were pooled and analysed both as a whole and by role within the ED.

Results

One hundred nine participants responded (response rate 25.3%). Over 50% of respondents were aged 44 years or less (74.4%), and predominantly identified as female (63.3%) and heterosexual (80.7%). Most respondents did not find treating or interacting with LGBTQIA+ consumers challenging, difficult, or uncomfortable irrespective of role. Most disagreed it was more difficult to undertake a clinical assessment compared to other consumers. Consumer‐led education from people identifying as LGBTQIA+ was preferred for improving care (26.6%).

Conclusions

This study found that despite little or no formal training in provision of care for LGBTQIA+ consumers, respondents saw LGBTQIA+ consumers as a relatively small group within the wider ED consumer population and did not see the treatment of LGBTQIA+ consumers as more challenging with respect to interaction, assessment and provision of care.
Self‐efficacy status and influential factors of fluid intake in patients on maintenance hemodialysis
Authors: Zhong Xiaotong , Wang Xue , Gao Zhihua , Ren Haiwei
Published: February 2025

Introduction

To explore the self‐efficacy status and influential factors of fluid intake in patients on hemodialysis.

Methods

Between August and October 2023, 183 patients undergoing hemodialysis were recruited from a tertiary hospital using convenience sampling. Self‐efficacy was assessed using the Fluid Intake Appraisal Inventory (FIAI), a validated questionnaire comprising physiological, emotional, social, and environmental dimensions. Independent sample t‐tests and multiple linear regression analysis were used to evaluate the impact of factors such as dialysis duration, dry body weight, and medication for kidney disease on self‐efficacy.

Results

A total of 181 valid questionnaires were collected. The mean FIAI score was 219.10 ± 64.27, indicating a moderate level of self‐efficacy in fluid intake. Univariate analysis showed that dialysis duration, dry body weight, and medication use significantly influenced fluid intake self‐efficacy (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis identified dialysis duration (beta [β] = 0.406, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.021–0.792), medication for kidney disease (β = −0.900, 95% CI: −1.490 to −0.310), and dry body weight (β = −0.600, 95% CI: −1.058 to −0.142) as independent influencing factors (all p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Patients on hemodialysis were found to have moderate levels of fluid intake self‐efficacy. Patients with long dialysis duration, no medication for kidney disease, and low dry body weight have higher self‐efficacy. Findings in this study suggest that personalized guidance based on the characteristics of different patients should be provided by nursing staff to enhance patient self‐efficacy in fluid intake and their quality of life.
Purification and antiproliferative effects of lectin from Japanese adzuki beans (Vigna angularis) against cancer cells
Authors: Une Satsuki , Nonaka Koji
Published: February 2025

Adzuki beans have been historically utilized for both culinary and medicinal purposes in Japan. Lectin derived from Japanese red adzuki beans (JABs, Vigna angularis) exhibits several biological effects; however, to our knowledge, no detailed reports have been published on this topic. We purified lectin from adzuki beans to evaluate its impact on the proliferative activity of cancer cells and establish its biological profile. The Japanese red adzuki bean lectin (JABL) was purified using thyroglobulin‐Sepharose 4B and evaluated for blood and sugar specificity and its effect on B16, LM8, Ehrlich ascites, HepG2, HeLa, and Colo679 cell proliferation compared with those of concanavalin A (ConA, Canavalia ensiformis) lectin. The molecular weight of JABL was 60 kDa. JABL showed specificity to thyroglobulin, fetuin, and rabbit erythrocytes, but not to sheep and horse erythrocytes. Additionally, JABL showed no resistance to chymotrypsin but exhibited weak resistance at temperatures >60°C. JABL exerted significantly stronger antiproliferative effects than that of the control on human and mouse cancer cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. JABL demonstrated 30%–40% superior antiproliferative activity against Colo679 and B16 cells compared to that against other cells. JABL activity was weaker than ConA activity (approximately 80%–90%) but equivalent to red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) lectin activity. No inhibitory effect of JABL on TNF‐α was observed, which is typically observed with bean lectins. Our results show that JABL might exert antiproliferative effects on mouse and human cancer cells, making it a potential chemopreventive agent for cancer.

Practical Application

Japanese red adzuki beans are popular in Asia, especially Japan. In Japan, the adzuki bean is a staple food and used in Japanese confectionery for celebrations. Adzuki bean lectin was purified using thyroglobulin‐Sepharose 4B. The purified lectin showed specificity for rabbit erythrocytes and anticancer activity in mouse and human cells. The lectin retained its biological activity even when subjected to temperatures exceeding 60°C. Thus, adzuki bean lectin has the potential to be used as a bioactive and anticancer agent in medical research.
Maternity Healthcare Worker Perspectives of Severe Acute Maternal Morbidity Recording, Reporting and Case Review in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Frost Joanne , Weaver Edward , Callaway Leonie
Published: February 2025

Background

Systematic, multi‐disciplinary review of Severe Acute Maternal Morbidity (SAMM) can improve maternal outcomes. Routinely collected data, collated into the Queensland SAMM Dashboard, may facilitate local case review. We wanted to understand how SAMMs are reviewed locally and how centrally collated data supports review processes.

Aims

The purpose of this survey was to assess local SAMM recording and review practices in Queensland.

Materials and Methods

A cross‐sectional online survey, using multiple choice and free‐text response formats, sampled multi‐disciplinary health care workers (HCW) involved in SAMM review in Queensland public maternity units. Responses were analysed for content, with thematic analysis performed on free‐text comments.

Results

Twenty HCW responded from a mix of tertiary, regional and rural maternity facilities. HCW responses identified a lack of clarity around the terms ‘maternal morbidity’, ‘SAMM’ and ‘Near‐Miss’. HCW reported various approaches for recording and reviewing SAMM. The commonest structures were Root Cause Analysis and Human Error and Patient Safety incident analysis. Reviews commonly involved: patient safety teams (50%); staff involved in the case (45%); independent/external reviewers (40%) and hospital management (40%). Few responses (10%) indicated consumers were involved. 30%–80% reviewed the ACSQHC defined SAMM, 70% Near‐Miss cases and up to 70% reviewed other severe maternal morbidity indicators. 20% of HCW stated lessons learned during reviews were shared with other hospitals.

Conclusions

In Queensland, we have found variability in: HCW understanding of SAMM definitions, how cases are recorded, reviewed and improvements facilitated. A standardised approach to SAMM review and collaboration to share lessons learned may benefit maternity care.
Peers, equals, and jurors: New data and methods on legal equality in Leveller thought
Authors: Schwartzberg Melissa , Spirling Arthur
Published: February 2025

We consider the Levellers' conception of equality relative to their contemporaries during the Civil War(s) period. We compile a corpus of hundreds of seventeenth−century pamphlets and combine this with novel word embedding techniques trained on millions of Early Modern English documents to make statements about word “meanings.” We focus on understanding of the phrase “peers and equals” (and its variants). We provide quantitative and qualitative evidence, in line with extant literature, that the Levellers—John Lilburne specifically—had a prevailing interest in equality in a way that is different to that expressed by other groups of the time. But contrary to current scholarship, we show that the Levellers and Lilburne were animated primarily by a particular institutional manifestation of legal equality: their interest in parity or the status of peers primarily pertained to the jury.
Neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells by agonism of the beta but not the alpha oestrogen receptor in the axotomized retina of male and female mice
Authors: Rodríguez‐Ramírez Kristy T. , Galindo‐Romero Caridad , Lucas‐Ruiz Fernando , Vidal‐Sanz Manuel , Agudo‐Barriuso Marta
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To compare the course of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss following optic nerve crush (ONC) in male and female mice and to assess the neuroprotective potential of intravitreally administered oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) or beta (ERβ) agonists.

Methods

Optic nerve crush was performed on the left optic nerve of male and female C57BL/6 mice. RGC loss was evaluated at 3–21 days post‐lesion. ERα and ERβ agonists (PPT and DPN, respectively) were injected either immediately after ONC with retinas analysed at 5 days or immediately post‐ONC and again at 9 days, with retinas analysed at 21 days post‐lesion. Intact retinas served as controls. The total population of Brn3a+RGCs was quantified in retinal flat mounts. To assess the retinal expression of ERα and ERβ, immunodetection was performed on cross sections, and the percentage of RGCs expressing each receptor was determined in flat mounts.

Results

Retinal ganglion cell loss in both sexes followed two distinct linear phases: A rapid phase up to 9 days post‐lesion, followed by a slower phase. However, the onset of RGC loss was earlier in males than in females. Both ERα and ERβ were expressed in all retinal layers and by the majority of RGCs. While ERα agonism did not confer RGC protection, ERβ agonism was neuroprotective during the second phase of axotomy‐induced RGC loss.

Conclusions

Preclinical results may be influenced by pooling data from male and female mice. The neuroprotective effects of ERβ during the second phase of RGC loss, likely linked to neuroinflammation, suggest potential therapeutic applications for chronic conditions such as glaucoma.
Increased macrophages contribute to thyroid hormone‐induced cardiac alterations in mice
Authors: Senger Nathalia , de Almeida‐Santos Gislane , Cerri Gabriela Cavazza , Mota Joice Silva , Parletta Aline Cristina , Vieira‐Junior Denival Nascimento , Junior Joaquim Teixeira Xavier , do Nascimento Rogério Silva , da Silva Ramos de Souza Danilo Chaves , Irigoyen Maria Claudia Costa , Diniz Gabriela Placoná , Mosig José Maria Alvarez , Kuhn Tim Christian , Leuschner Florian , D'Império Lima Maria Regina , Barreto‐Chaves Maria Luiza Morais
Published: February 2025

Aims

The heart is one of the main targets of thyroid hormone. Patients with hyperthyroidism, a disease with high incidence in the population, have increased arrhythmia risk and cardiac hypertrophy, which is an independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Recent research has revealed the essential roles of leukocytes in cardiac homeostasis and stress‐induced responses. Here, we aimed to evaluate the role of immune cells in cardiac changes induced by elevated triiodothyronine (T3) levels.

Methods

The hyperthyroid condition in mice was mimicked by daily injections (i.p.) of T3 (14 μg/100 g BW) for 7 or 14 days.

Results

Increased heart rate and cardiac mass observed after 7 days of T3 treatment was associated with enhanced myocardial population of neutrophils, dendritic cells, and inflammatory phenotypes of monocytes and macrophages, without circulating changes in these cells, as evaluated by flow cytometry. In vitro experiments demonstrated bias toward pro‐inflammatory polarization in isolated bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDM) in response to T3. Interestingly, depletion of macrophages in mice prevented hypertrophic heart growth, tachycardia, and increased gene expression of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐(IL)‐6 caused by hyperthyroid condition.

Conclusion

Together, these new findings indicate the involvement of macrophages in the cardiac changes promoted by higher T3 levels. Considering that sustained cardiac growth and tachycardia can potentially lead to heart failure, our results suggest that targeting macrophages might be a novel therapeutic approach for attenuating cardiac disorders caused by hyperthyroidism.
Charitable giving under the behavioral influence of income inequality: Evidence from South Korea
Authors: Kim Youngrok
Published: February 2025

The study analyzes the correlation between South Korean taxpayers' perceptions of income inequality and their giving behavior, using 6 years of panel data from 2017 to 2022. It focuses on perceived income inequality, based on the assumption that individuals are more responsive to a subjective inequality index than to objective inequality measures. The results are as follows: First, consistent with the theoretical prediction, the higher the perceived income inequality, the more taxpayers give. This trend holds even when controlling for the Gini index. Second, higher‐income individuals who perceive income inequality as high donate more. Third, individuals who are more pessimistic about future income inequality donate more. Overall, the study concludes that subjective perceptions of income inequality increase the supply of individual public goods, consistent with theoretical predictions.
Papaverine safety during pregnancy: Insights from a large population‐based cohort of pregnancies
Authors: Levi Yael , Michael Tal , Dor Saar , Pariente Gali , Lunenfeld Eitan , Levy Amalia , Birenstock‐Choen Shira , Daniel Sharon
Published: February 2025

Aims

Papaverine hydrochloride functions as an antispasmodic and vasodilator medication. Data concerning the teratogenic risk of papaverine is currently lacking. The aims of this paper are to examine the association between first‐trimester exposure to papaverine and major congenital malformations and the association between third trimester exposure to papaverine and late adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a population‐based retrospective cohort study that included pregnant women 15–49 years old insured by ‘Clalit Health Services’ in southern Israel, who gave birth or had an elective pregnancy termination due to suspected fetal malformation at Soroka Medical Center between 1999 and 2017. Multivariate negative binomial regression models were used to examine the associations between papaverine during the first trimester and major congenital malformations, and between papaverine during the third trimester and late adverse pregnancy outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

The study included a total of 254 333 pregnancies, of which 3604 (1.41%) were exposed to papaverine during the first trimester, and 1253 (0.49%) during the third trimester. No significant associations were found between first‐trimester exposure to papaverine and total congenital major malformations or specific malformations according to organ systems in the multivariate analysis (adjusted RR for: total major malformations = 1.021; 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.895–1.165], cardiovascular = 1.073; 95% CI [0.905–1.273], central nervous system = 0.784; 95% CI [0.484–1.271], musculoskeletal = 0.823; 95% CI [0.588–1.153], gastrointestinal = 0.887; 95% CI [0.457–1.718], genitourinary = 1.076; 95% CI [0.805–1.438]). Additionally, we did not detect significant associations between third‐trimester exposure to papaverine and late adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Conclusions

Exposure to papaverine during pregnancy was not associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in the population studied, compared with non‐exposed pregnancies.
Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose and 18‐kDa Translocator Protein for Presurgical Localization in Refractory Epilepsy
Authors: Zhang Siqi , Hu Jie , Qi Zhigang , Yao Chenyang , Cui Bixiao , Wang Jingjuan , Wang Zhenming , Lu Jie
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Surgery remains the only curative option for a third of refractory epilepsy patients, though success depends on precise localization of the epileptogenic zone (EZ). This study aims to assess the clinical value of hybrid 18F‐FDG and 18F‐DPA‐714 PET/MRI for accurate localization and precise boundary delineation.

Methods

The refractory epilepsy patients who underwent surgery at Xuanwu Hospital from November 2022 to November 2023 were retrospectively recruited. Preoperative simultaneous 18F‐FDG and 18F‐DPA‐714 PET/MRI imaging were analyzed using the asymmetry index (AI) and a 4‐point visual score, with the surgical site and pathological findings serving as the gold standard.

Results

A total of 43 patients (mean age: 26.30 ± 8.37 years, male: 28) were included in this study. Lesion localization accuracy within the EZ was 76.7% for 18F‐FDG PET/MRI, 69.8% for 18F‐DPA‐714 PET/MRI, and 60.5% for conventional MRI (p = 0.26). In 26 MRI‐positive cases, conventional MRI accurately localized all lesions within the EZ, with three cases showing negative findings on 18F‐FDG images and six on 18F‐DPA‐714. Among 17 MRI‐negative patients, thirteen demonstrated positive results on hybrid PET/MRI. Additionally, 18F‐DPA‐714 PET/MRI proved more effective in delineating lesion boundaries. Compared to 18F‐FDG, the AI score was significantly lower (0.25 ± 0.18 vs. 0.46 ± 0.19, p < 0.001), while the visual score was higher (4.00 ± 2.00 vs. 3.00 ± 0.00, p = 0.01).

Conclusion

18F‐DPA‐714 PET/MRI can effectively complement conventional MRI in the preoperative assessment of refractory epilepsy, with localization accuracy on par with 18F‐FDG and enhanced capability in delineating lesion boundaries.
Caloric Restriction Preserves BBB Integrity After Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia Through Reducing Neutrophil Infiltration
Authors: Wang Chenran , Mao Leilei , He Miao , Zhang Jia , Huang Yichen , Zhang Yue , Xu Jing , Huang Shaoqiang , Gao Yanqin
Published: February 2025

Aims

Caloric restriction is a health‐promoting lifestyle that has been reported to protect both white and gray matter in cases of ischemic stroke. This study will explore the underlying mechanism of restricted feeding (RF) and provide a theoretical basis for precise clinical treatment of stroke.

Methods

In this study, we pretreated C57BL/6J mice with 70% RF for a continuous 28‐day period prior to 60 min of transient focal cerebral ischemia (tFCI). Histological staining, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and behavioral assessments were used to assess RF's neuroprotection following tFCI. Immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real‐time PCR, and flow cytometry were conducted to evaluate brain inflammation post‐tFCI. Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, tracers, and electric microscopy were used to assess the blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Peripheral neutrophils were cleared by administrating an anti‐Ly6G antibody.

Results

Initially, DTI, NeuN staining, and a batch of behavioral tests verified that RF significantly mitigated both gray/white matter injury and neurological deficits in the short‐ and long‐term following tFCI. RF mice showed more anti‐inflammatory microglia in their brains, along with reduced inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines. Interestingly, RF significantly reduced the neutrophils and macrophage infiltration. Subsequently, we observed that RF mice exhibited better BBB integrity following tFCI, with reduced neutrophil infiltration and matrix metalloprotein‐9 release. Furthermore, the clearance of neutrophils with anti‐Ly6G antibody in ad libitum feeding mice (LF‐Ly6G) elicited comparable neuroprotective effects to those observed in RF, including improvements in neurological deficits, reductions in infarct volume, and mitigation of BBB damage.

Conclusions

In summary, our findings suggest that RF maintains the BBB integrity following ischemic stroke at least partially by reducing neutrophil infiltration, thereby alleviating both neurological and histological impairments.
The benefits of inclusive conservation for connectivity of lions across the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania
Authors: Parsons Arielle W. , Sandström Camilla , Capper Sally , Faust Lisa , Kissui Bernard M. , Packer Craig , Jansson Ingela
Published: February 2025

Human impacts on the planet degrade natural habitats, often restricting wildlife to protected areas. If connectivity between such areas is lost, wildlife populations may lose genetic diversity, thereby increasing extinction risk. For large carnivores, connecting populations separated by human‐occupied habitats requires dedicated effort to foster human–wildlife coexistence. Using lion observation data from 1962 to 2023 and movement data from GPS collars, we evaluated how inclusive conservation actions (i.e., directly involving local communities) in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA), Tanzania, are affecting the ability of lions to use and traverse human‐occupied habitats. Efforts to promote human–lion coexistence were positively associated with the number of lions moving across human‐occupied habitats and the ability of lions to settle in human‐occupied areas, suggesting that conservation activities are having the desired impact on connectivity. However, despite a reduction in negative human–lion interactions from 2016 to 2021, the number of retaliatory lion killings and livestock attacks both increased sharply during an extreme drought in 2022, before dropping again in 2023. Thus, although our results highlight the benefits of inclusive conservation for connectivity of large carnivore populations, recent events highlight continued challenges and the need for long‐term, nimble approaches to maintain balance where humans and large carnivores coexist.
A Retrospective Case Series of Decoronation and Root Submergence With Long‐Term Follow‐Up: Trend Analysis of Provisional Restoration Survival and Marginal Bone Development
Authors: Kaán Réka , Meschi Nastaran , Van Gorp Gertrude , Wyatt Jan , Sellami Rayann , Lahoud Pierre , Coucke Wim
Published: February 2025

Background

Dentoalveolar ankylosis posttrauma or external cervical resorption (ECR) post orthodontics might affect permanent teeth in growing individuals. Decoronation and root submergence attempt to minimize the impact of these sequelae. This is one of the few reports in which the survival of provisional restorations and preservation of the marginal bone post long‐term follow‐up of this treatment modality were evaluated for several cases.

Materials and Methods

Nine upper permanent incisors with ankylosis or ECR, treated using decoronation and root submergence were examined. The qualitative changes in the vertical dimension of the alveolar ridge were measured on periapical radiographs by means of a three‐point scoring system, and the time to moderate and considerable bone increase was assessed using Kaplan–Meier curves. The quantitative changes in vertical bone dimension were measured on the periapical radiographs and the inter‐rater reliability was assessed. The survival of the temporary restoration post decoronation and the presence of root remnants were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 11 years at the time of trauma and 15.3 years when decoronated. The follow‐up period post decoronation was 1.5–8.5 years (mean 3.5 years). Post decoronation, quantitatively, 5 cases presented a slight bone increase (0.01–2 mm) and 4 unchanged or slightly decreased bone levels (0.2–1.3 mm). Qualitatively, 60% (95% CI; 15%–90%) of the female patients showed moderate bone increase and 40% (95% CI; 10%–70%) considerable, respectively, 1.7–8.3 and 2.5–8.3 years post decoronation. Age was inversely proportional with bone increase, independent of gender. At 1.5 years follow‐up, root remnants were present in all cases. The tooth shaped as a pontic failed the most as a temporary restoration.

Conclusion

Despite limitations, the following can be concluded: decoronation and root submergence of permanent incisors in growing individuals seem promising in terms of long‐term vertical alveolar ridge preservation. The restorative temporary replacement of decoronized teeth is challenging.
Mode II Semi‐Analytical Simplified Approach for Stress Field Distributions Around Notch Tip in Composite Materials
Authors: Esmaeili Adel , Safarabadi Majid
Published: February 2025

In this study, a novel semi‐analytical formulation based on linear elastic fracture mechanics is developed to simplify the calculation of notch stress intensity factor (N‐SIF) in V‐notched composite materials under in‐plane shear displacement conditions. The proposed equation has been simplified by incorporating stress singularity order corresponding to the notch angle, mechanical properties, notch depth, and material anisotropy. Over 9000 numerical simulations were conducted, considering 8 different notch angles, 10 notch depths, and 88 composite materials for a wide range of material anisotropy. The simplified formula was then used to obtain the N‐SIF by fitting the large number of numerical models to evaluate the notch bisector shear stress field. A different set of composite materials was also used to verify the semi‐analytical formula. The error analysis demonstrated that the dimensionless N‐SIF determined by the proposed formula exhibits high accuracy for a wide range of composite materials.
Extension Study With rVIII‐SingleChain in Previously Untreated Patients (PUPs) With Severe Haemophilia A
Authors: Mahlangu Johnny , Mancuso Maria Elisa , Fischer Kathelijn , Djambas Khayat Claudia , Carvalho Manuela , Karim Faraizah Abdul , Jobe Shawn , Lucas Samantha , Salazar Blanca , Suen Amy , Goldstein Brahm , Seifert Wilfried , Chung Thomas , Königs Christoph
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Clinical trials and real‐world evidence have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of rVIII‐SingleChain in previously treated patients with haemophilia A.

Aim

To investigate the safety and efficacy of rVIII‐SingleChain in previously untreated patients (PUPs).

Methods

In an open‐label, phase 3, extension study, PUPs with severe haemophilia A (FVIII <1%) received rVIII‐SingleChain prophylactically or on‐demand. The primary endpoints were incidence of high‐titre (HT) inhibitor formation to FVIII, treatment success for major bleeding episodes and annualised spontaneous bleeding rate (AsBR).

Results

Twenty‐four PUPs (median age 1 year [range 0–5]) were treated with rVIII‐SingleChain; median time on study was 35.0 months (range 2.4–54.0). Overall, six PUPs developed a HT inhibitor (>5 BU/mL) and six developed a low‐titre (LT) inhibitor (≤5 BU/mL). The median number of exposure days at inhibitor development was 10 (interquartile range [IQR] 5.0–14.0). Of 11 inhibitor‐positive PUPs (five HT, six LT) who continued rVIII‐SingleChain therapy, nine (81.8%; three HT, six LT) achieved inhibitor eradication (<0.6 BU/mL). Median time to eradication was 14.3 weeks (IQR 9.8–53.8). Seventeen treatment‐emergent adverse events in 12 PUPs (50.0%) were related to rVIII‐SingleChain, mainly inhibitor development (14/17 events). Treatment was successful (haemostatic efficacy rated excellent or good) for 290/315 bleeding events (92.1%). During prophylactic therapy, inhibitor‐negative PUPs had a median (IQR) AsBR of 0.52 (0.00–4.99) and annualised bleeding rate of 1.98 (0.77–11.23).

Conclusion

RVIII‐SingleChain demonstrated a satisfactory benefit:risk profile in PUPs, with a high treatment success rate and a low AsBR during prophylaxis, and was effective at eradicating inhibitors.
Efficacy and Safety of Aspiration and Intra‐Articular Injection of Tranexamic Acid in Acute Knee Hemarthrosis of Adult Haemophilic Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study
Authors: Kalantar Seyed Hadi , Razzaghof Mohammadreza , Noshadi Younes , Firoozabadi Mohammad Ayati , Toogeh Gholamreza , Zebardast Jeyran , Karimi Katayoon , Nejad Tabrizi Behzad , Mortazavi Seyed Mohammad Javad
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Hemarthrosis, particularly in the knee, accounts for most bleeding episodes in haemophilia. While joint aspiration has proven effective, the role of intra‐articular (IA) tranexamic acid (TXA) in managing acute hemarthrosis remains unexplored.

Aim

To assess the efficacy and safety of knee aspiration followed by IA TXA injection in acute haemophilic knee hemarthrosis.

Methods

Forty‐four adult haemophilia patients with acute knee hemarthrosis (< 24 h) were randomized to undergo joint aspiration with (TXA group) or without (non‐TXA group) IA TXA (1.5 g/15 mL) injection. Both groups received 75 mL injections, including 5 mL of 2% lidocaine and additional 0.9% saline. Ultrasound confirmed hemarthrosis, and standardized factor replacement was given pre‐procedure. Primary outcomes included knee range of motion (ROM) and visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. The significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

Final analysis included 21 and 17 male patients in the TXA and non‐TXA groups, respectively. The TXA group showed a significantly greater knee ROM on days 3, 7, and 14 (p < 0.05), with no differences beyond Day 14. VAS pain scores were significantly lower in the TXA group at 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days post‐procedure (p < 0.05). TXA patients reported faster return to work (p = 0.004) and higher satisfaction (p = 0.01). Hemarthrosis recurrence was lower in the TXA group (5.9% vs. 14.3% at 6 weeks; 64.7% vs. 90.5% at 6 months), though differences were not statistically significant. No complications were observed.

Conclusion

Joint aspiration with IA TXA is safe and effective for short‐term ROM improvement and pain relief in acute haemophilic knee hemarthrosis.
Environmental stimuli‐responsive hydrogels in endodontics: Advances and perspectives
Authors: Liu He , Shen Ya
Published: February 2025

Stimuli‐responsive hydrogels are smart and functional materials that respond to various environmental stimuli, including temperature, light, magnetic field, pH, redox, enzymes and glucose. This responsiveness allows for the controlled release of therapeutic agents encapsulated within the hydrogels, enhancing treatment precision, improving therapeutic outcomes and minimizing side effects. Such hydrogels show great potential in root canal disinfection, management of dental pulp inflammation and pulp regeneration, making them promising candidates for more personalized and effective endodontic treatments. This article provides an overview of the latest advancements in the design and application of stimuli‐responsive hydrogels in endodontics, emphasizing their potential to revolutionize endodontic treatments. It also addresses current challenges and explores future directions in the field, aiming to inspire and motivate researchers to further engage in or intensify their efforts within this promising area of research.
Evaluation of Coagulation and Fibrinolysis Mechanisms in Deep Vein Thrombosis Using Clot‐Fibrinolysis Waveform Analysis
Authors: Yoshioka Akiharu , Shimomura Daiki , Morita Mayuka , Kono Aya , Matsumoto Tomoko , Kondo Hirokazu , Shimada Masashi , Kamioka Mikio , Kumano Osamu
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, the detailed mechanisms of coagulation and fibrinolysis in DVT have not been adequately investigated. Recently, clot‐fibrinolysis waveform analysis (CFWA) has been developed to assess coagulation and fibrinolysis reactions as one global assay. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of DVT using CFWA.

Methods

DVT diagnosis and definition were conducted by the ultrasonography finding, and the numbers of patients of confirmed DVT and non‐DVT were 39 and 56, respectively. Activated partial thromboplastin time‐based CFWA was conducted, and the first‐derivative curves were analyzed. The curves were separated into two phases: coagulation and fibrinolysis, and the curve shapes were compared between the two groups.

Results

The shapes of first‐derivative curves in the coagulation phase for the DVT group were significantly different from those of the non‐DVT group, and the curves of the DVT group were sharper and narrower than those of the non‐DVT group. Both parameters indicating height and width in the DVT group were significantly lower than the non‐DVT group. However, no significant differences were observed in the fibrinolysis phase between two groups.

Conclusion

The DVT group showed different first‐derivative curves in the coagulation phase compared to the non‐DVT group in the CFWA assay, suggesting that the DVT group had a higher coagulability status. CFWA could be a useful tool for identifying coagulability status in patients with DVT.
Examining correlations between the dissolution rates and optical basicity of modified aluminoborate glasses
Authors: Sly Jessica J. , Clark Nicholas L. , Mauro John C.
Published: February 2025

Methods for determining the dissolution rate of glass networks vary based on the application, glass chemistry, and morphology. Research spanning many glass systems has resulted in a substantial amount of dissolution data, but inconsistencies limit the utility of the data collected. Furthermore, predicting the dissolution of any glass system remains a critical challenge for many industrial glass applications. This work compares the dissolution of five single modified (Na, K, Ca, Sr, and Ba) aluminoborate glasses to their optical basicity values to gain fundamental understanding of how the glass composition influences dissolution at 37°C in alkaline water. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to directly measure the binding energy of the oxygen in each glass to evaluate the underlying glass structure. Results showed that aluminoborate glasses synthesized with monovalent cations exhibit approximately an order of magnitude faster dissolution of the modifier ion compared to divalent cation glasses. Further grouping in the monovalent and divalent glasses is observed in the normalized dissolution rate of B and Al from the glass network. No correlation was observed between the normalized forward dissolution rate of boron, the primary network former, and the measured binding energy of the aluminoborate glasses. Furthermore, no defined trend was observed between the optical basicity and O1s binding energy in the modified aluminoborate glass compositions.
On the anisotropy of damage tolerance in bioinspired fiber composites with fish‐scale‐like structures
Authors: Tang Qian , Gao Kefeng , Zhang Nan , Wang Shaogang , Han Chengwei , Wang Qiang , Yan Zhuoqun , Zhang Dan , Liu Zengqian , Zhang Zhefeng
Published: February 2025

Natural fish scales have evolved intricate composite structures to achieve remarkable mechanical properties, offering valuable inspiration for the structural design of man‐made materials toward enhanced damage tolerance. In this study, bioinspired fiber composites featuring fish‐scale‐like orthogonal plywood and double‐Bouligand structures were fabricated via a facile approach, which involved layer‐by‐layer stacking woven fabrics of quartz fibers according to specific arrangements, followed by polymer phase infiltration and subsequent hot pressing. The resulting composites demonstrate specific orientation relationships of fibers between layers with a hierarchical fiber structure akin to natural fish scales. The mechanical properties, fracture toughness, and damage characteristics of the composites were investigated, unveiling an anisotropic nature of damage tolerance of these composites which is closely associated with the types of bioinspired structures and weaving patterns of fabrics. This study may offer insights for the bioinspired design of damage‐tolerant man‐made materials, while aiding the understanding of their structure–property relationships.
Electrostrain optimization of bismuth sodium titanate‐based ceramics by Sm doping
Authors: Chen Jiaqi , Peng Ping , Lin Yongde , Nie Hengchang , Wang Genshui
Published: February 2025

Lead‐free bismuth sodium titanate (BNT)‐based ceramics have attracted extensive attention due to their large electrostrain. However, previous studies have predominantly focused on achieving high strain, which is accompanied by significant strain hysteresis. Herein, a direct composition modification based on Sm3+ doping is adopted to reduce the polar nanoregions (PNRs) size, resulting in a relative high electrostrain of 0.37% and a significant reduced strain hysteresis of 36.3%. Furthermore, the Sm‐doped samples show good temperature stability, with the strain value changing by only 15% from 25 to 160°C. These results provide guidance for the development of ceramics with high strain performance.
Microwave dielectric properties of CaLnNbWO8 (Ln = La, Nd, and Sm) ceramics for dielectric resonator antenna application
Authors: Li Wenyuan , Wei Yaxin , Xian Yue , Li Kai , Dou Yingying , Chang Aimin , Zhang Bo
Published: February 2025

Scheelite‐type microwave dielectric ceramics (MWDC) are of great appeal as they possess a low dielectric constant (εr) and a high quality factor (Q × f). In addition, the development of 5G communication has caused an urgent demand for electronic devices, such as dielectric resonant antennas. Hence, the feasibility of optimizing the dielectric properties of the CaWO4 ceramics by substituting rare earth ions at the A site was studied. The study revealed that the covalency, lattice energy and bonding energy of W─O were stronger than those of Ca─O, indicating that the W─O bonding significantly influences the adjustment of the dielectric properties of the investigated ceramics. An optimum microwave dielectric performance was achieved for CaNdNbWO8 (εr = 12.78, Q × f = 55,160 GHz, and TCF = 8.53 ppm/°C). This work lays a solid theoretical foundation for improving the microwave dielectric properties of CaWO4 samples. Notably, a cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) with high simulated radiation efficiency (96.6%) and gain (5.65 dBi) at the center frequency (7.25 GHz) was fabricated based on the CaNdNbWO8 ceramics. Considering the merits of low loss and good temperature stability, CaNdNbWO8 ceramics could be expected as promising candidate for 5G and future millimeter‐wave applications.
A Prospective Cohort Study of Technique and Technology Used to Improve First Time PIVC Insertion Success in Hospitalised Paediatric Patients
Authors: Kleidon Tricia M. , Takashima Mari , Rickard Claire M. , Schults Jessica A. , Bulmer Andrew C. , Ullman Amanda J.
Published: February 2025

Aim(s)

To determine the association between patient characteristics, techniques, and technologies with first‐time peripheral intravenous catheter insertion in paediatric acute care.

Design

Single‐centre, prospective cohort study.

Methods

Data on patient, provider, and peripheral intravenous catheter insertion characteristics were collected at a large quaternary paediatric hospital in Queensland, Australia. Inpatients aged 0 to ≤ 18 years requiring a peripheral intravenous catheter or who had one inserted in the last 24 h, were eligible. Proportionate stratified random sampling was used. Generalised linear regression with modified Poisson regression assessed associations between patient variables (e.g., age) and first‐time insertion success, along with technique (e.g., inserting clinician) and technology (e.g., ultrasound) variables. Models were adjusted for confounding variables identified through direct acyclic graphs.

Results

199 children required 250 peripheral intravenous catheters (July 2022–September 2023). In the adjusted model, each year of age increase and every 5‐kg increase in weight were associated with higher first‐time insertion success. Children with a history of prematurity had an increased risk of first‐time insertion failure. Vascular access specialists were more likely to succeed on the first attempt, as was ultrasound‐guidance when adjusted for difficult intravenous access risk.

Conclusion

We identified techniques (expert clinicians) and technologies (ultrasound guidance) that improve first‐time insertion success in paediatric patients.

Implications

A multi‐faceted approach combining technique (clinician), technology (ultrasound guidance), and standardised policy can improve first‐time peripheral intravenous catheter insertion. These strategies minimise patient discomfort, trauma, and emotional distress, enhancing the overall healthcare experience for children and their families.

Impact

This study emphasises the need to standardise healthcare policies and training, incorporating clinician expertise and ultrasound guidance to improve first‐time insertion success, particularly for high‐risk patients.

Reporting Method

The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE).

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.

Trial Registration

Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12622000034730
Assessing the Relationship Between Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Elder Abuse With Caring Behaviours Assessment Among Nurses: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Gharajeh‐Alamdari Nima , Dadashzadeh Fatemeh , Tarbiyat Elham , Hedayati Mahnaz , Saemi Yasna , Mirzaei Alireza
Published: February 2025

Aims

This study aims to explore the relationship between nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding older adult abuse and their caring behaviours, focusing on Iranian nurses.

Design

A cross‐sectional exploratory study.

Methods

A cross‐sectional correlational design included 250 nurses from medical education centres in Ardabil. A three‐part questionnaire assessed demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding elder abuse and caregiving. Data were collected from August to October 2024 and analysed using ANOVA, t‐tests, Pearson correlations, and multiple regression analysis.

Results

The study's findings are significant, revealing a moderate level of knowledge among nurses about older adult abuse. There are significant positive correlations between knowledge, attitudes, and caring behaviours, with higher education levels associated with better caring behaviours. However, practice scores did not align with knowledge and attitudes, indicating barriers such as workload and lack of training.

Conclusion

The findings reveal a significant link between nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward older adult abuse and their caring behaviours. Positive attitudes are associated with higher Caring Behaviours Assessment scores, suggesting that educational programs should enhance nurses' understanding and empathy toward older adult care. Addressing the identified gaps in knowledge and practice can lead to improved patient outcomes and a more compassionate healthcare environment for older adults. It is crucial to provide continuous training and support to empower nurses to apply their knowledge in practice effectively.

Impact

The study highlights the necessity for regularly occurring targeted educational interventions to enhance nurses' understanding of older adult abuse. Implementing continuous professional development programs for nurses can significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce instances of abuse. Healthcare organisations should foster supportive environments that encourage the regular reporting of suspected cases of abuse and ensure that nurses are consistently updated on best practices. Increasing community awareness about elder abuse is crucial for safeguarding vulnerable older adults.

Reporting Method

EQUATOR guidelines were followed using the STROBE reporting method.

Patient or Public Contribution

This study did not include patient or public involvement in its design, conduct, or reporting. Only nurses were involved in data collection.