bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiband MIMO Antenna System with Parasitic Elements for WLAN and WiMAX Application
Authors: Karimian Reza , Tadayon Hamed
Published: November 2013

A new microstrip slot antenna with parasitic elements has been presented in this paper. The proposed antenna is composed of a microstrip feed line, a ground plane on which some simple slots are etched, and parasitic elements. Simulation results show that the antenna structure allows for the independent adjustment of each frequency. A two-element array configuration of this antenna for MIMO application is investigated as well. For comparison between simulation and measurement result both single and array configurations have been fabricated. The measurement result exhibits good radiation performance in terms of return loss, low mutual coupling, and compactness.
Catch You as I Can: Indoor Localization via Ambient Sound Signature and Human Behavior
Authors: Du Junzhao , Chen Wenjing , Liu Yuewei , Gu Yawen , Liu Hui
Published: November 2013

Localization, together with scene and human activity sensing, provides primitive and essential information for upper layer mobile applications. In this paper, we present a novel indoor localization system. We not only make rough localization by the use of the Wi-Fi/GSM signal, but also use the microphone of the smartphone to deeply sense the environment. By analyzing the ambient sound and speech after voice activity detection, we can know exactly if the user appears somewhere and does something at the regulated time according to his or her schedule. The ambient noise is used to identify the ambient scene, and we can deduce the users' current activities by the user's speech sensing. Conclusively, accurate localization and the status information on the user are made by synthesizing the above sound sensing information. And, according to the prestored schedule in the backend server, the location and sensing information are returned to the monitor who wants to know where the user is and what he is doing. We prototype the system on Android mobile phones and evaluate the system comprehensively with data collected from 61 different indoor sites by 100 volunteers over a two-month period of experiments by employing different phone models. We believe this is a novel approach to indoor localization, holding promise of real-world deployment.
Solution for Nonlinear Three-Dimensional Intercept Problem with Minimum Energy
Authors: Leeghim Henzeh , Kim Donghoon , Turner James
Published: November 2013

Classical orbit intercept applications are commonly formulated and solved as Lambert-type problems, where the time-of-flight (TOF) is prescribed. For general three-dimensional intercept problems, selecting a meaningful TOF is often a difficult and an iterative process. This work overcomes this limitation of classical Lambert’s problem by reformulating the intercept problem in terms of a minimum-energy application, which then generates both the desired initial interceptor velocity and the TOF for the minimum-energy transfer. The optimization problem is formulated by using the classical Lagrangianfandgcoefficients, which map initial position and velocity vectors to future times, and a universal time variablex. A Newton-Raphson iteration algorithm is introduced for iteratively solving the problem. A generalized problem formulation is introduced for minimizing the TOF as part of the optimization problem. Several examples are presented, and the results are compared with the Hohmann transfer solution approaches. The resulting minimum-energy intercept solution algorithm is expected to be broadly useful as a starting iterative for applications spanning: targeting, rendezvous, interplanetary trajectory design, and so on.
Study on the Wind Environment of the Architecture Communities: Traditional Typical Min Nan Human Settlements’ Case
Authors: Miao Yuan , Chiou Shang-Chia
Published: November 2013

In contrast to the modern urban planning, which can be done in short period in terms of the spatial qualified design, the traditional tribe needs longer period in terms of the villagers’ sense of community. The selection of location, planning, and construction reveals the wisdom of the former people’s use of the resourceful life experience. First, the paper employs PHOENICS to simulate the wind environments of two most representative patterns of rural settlements in the southern area of Southern Fujian, China. This was made to compare the different conditions caused by settlements of various architectural groups. Second, the engineering and construction aspects of settlements—such as the width of roads and building structures—will be further analyzed and examined as case study in attempt to discover the favorable environmental factors for generating winds as well as the construction dimension of the settlement, such as the road width and the architectural design. Finally, the paper tends to conclude with an energy conservation strategy applied to the construction of modern communities which has low density and small group buildings.
Wear Behavior of Extruded Nano-SiCp Reinforced AZ61 Magnesium Matrix Composites
Authors: Yan Hong , Wan Jun , Nie Qiao
Published: November 2013

The wear behavior of extruded nano-SiC particulates reinforced AZ61 magnesium matrix composites fabricated by ultrasonic method was investigated with wearing test machine, electronic balance, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that, at the sliding speed of 0.5 m/s or 1 m/s, the extruded composites exhibit superior wear resistance over the matrix with the rise of wear load. At the high load, the softening and melting of composites are delayed to higher loads and speed because of their higher thermal stability.
Homotopy Iteration Algorithm for Crack Parameters Identification with Composite Element Method
Authors: Huang Ling , Lv Zhongrong , Chen Weihuan , Liu Jike
Published: November 2013

An approach based on homotopy iteration algorithm is proposed to identify the crack parameters in beam structures. In the forward problem, a fully open crack model with the composite element method is employed for the vibration analysis. The dynamic responses of the cracked beam in time domain are obtained from the Newmark direct integration method. In the inverse analysis, an identification approach based on homotopy iteration algorithm is studied to identify the location and the depth of a cracked beam. The identification equation is derived by minimizing the error between the calculated acceleration response and the simulated measured one. Newton iterative method with the homotopy equation is employed to track the correct path and improve the convergence of the crack parameters. Two numerical examples are conducted to illustrate the correctness and efficiency of the proposed method. And the effects of the influencing parameters, such as measurement time duration, measurement points, division of the homotopy parameter and measurement noise, are studied.
Classification and Clinical Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Recommendations of Recent Evidence-Based Interdisciplinary Guidelines
Authors: Fitzcharles Mary-Ann , Shir Yoram , Ablin Jacob N. , Buskila Dan , Amital Howard , Henningsen Peter , Häuser Winfried
Published: November 2013

Objectives. Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), characterized by subjective complaints without physical or biomarker abnormality, courts controversy. Recommendations in recent guidelines addressing classification and diagnosis were examined for consistencies or differences.Methods. Systematic searches from January 2008 to February 2013 of the US-American National Guideline Clearing House, the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, Guidelines International Network, and Medline for evidence-based guidelines for the management of FMS were conducted.Results. Three evidence-based interdisciplinary guidelines, independently developed in Canada, Germany, and Israel, recommended that FMS can be clinically diagnosed by a typical cluster of symptoms following a defined evaluation including history, physical examination, and selected laboratory tests, to exclude another somatic disease. Specialist referral is only recommended when some other physical or mental illness is reasonably suspected. The diagnosis can be based on the (modified) preliminary American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 2010 diagnostic criteria.Discussion. Guidelines from three continents showed remarkable consistency regarding the clinical concept of FMS, acknowledging that FMS is neither a distinct rheumatic nor mental disorder, but rather a cluster of symptoms, not explained by another somatic disease. While FMS remains an integral part of rheumatology, it is not an exclusive rheumatic condition and spans a broad range of medical disciplines.
Naturally Occurring Hepatitis B Virus B‐Cell and T‐Cell Epitope Mutants in Hepatitis B Vaccinated Children
Authors: Lin Yu-Min , Jow Guey-Mei , Mu Shu-Chi , Chen Bing-Fang
Published: November 2013

To control hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, a universal HBV vaccination program for infants was launched in Taiwan in 1984. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of B‐cell and T‐cell epitope variations of HBsAg and polymerase in HBV infection in vaccinated children. One hundred sixty‐three sera from vaccinated children were enrolled randomly. HBV serum markers, including hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to HBsAg (anti‐HBs) and core antigen (anti‐HBc), were detected by ELISA. Nucleotide sequences encoding the S and the pre‐S regions of HBsAg were analyzed in all HBsAg positive sera. Five children were HBsAg positive. Sequence analysis of S, pre‐S, and overlapped polymerase (P) genes showed that HBV isolates of HBsAg‐positive vaccinees were variants; no G145R but G145A and other substitutions were found in the “a” determinant. Fifteen, six, and eight amino acid substitutions within B‐cell and T‐cell epitopes of S, pre‐S, and P regions were detected, respectively. Several immune‐epitope mutants, such as S45T/A, N131T, I194V, and S207N in S, were detected in all isolates. In conclusion, our results suggested that these naturally occurring immunoepitope mutants, which changed their immunogenicity leading to escape from immune response, might cause HBV infection.
The Ipsilesional Upper Limb Can Be Affected following Stroke
Authors: Kitsos Gemma H. , Hubbard Isobel J. , Kitsos Alex R. , Parsons Mark W.
Published: November 2013

Objective. Neurological dysfunction commonly occurs in the upper limb contralateral to the hemisphere of the brain in which stroke occurs; however, the impact of stroke on function of the ipsilesional upper limb is not well understood. This study aims to systematically review the literature relating to the function of the ipsilesional upper limb following stroke and answer the following research question: Is the ipsilesional upper limb affected by stroke? Data Source. A systematic review was carried out in Medline, Embase, and PubMed. Review Methods. All studies investigating the ipsilesional upper limb following stroke were included and analysed for important characteristics. Outcomes were extracted and summarised. Results. This review captured 27 articles that met the inclusion criteria. All studies provided evidence that the ipsilesional upper limb can be affected following stroke. Conclusion. These findings demonstrate that clinicians should consider ipsilesional upper limb deficits in rehabilitation and address this reduced functional capacity. Furthermore, the ipsilesional upper limb should not be used as a “control” measure of recovery for the contralateral upper limb.
Is It Necessary to Do Temporal Bone Computed Tomography of the Internal Auditory Canal in Tinnitus with Normal Hearing?
Authors: Kumral Tolgar Lutfi , Yıldırım Guven , Yılmaz Huseyin Baki , Ulusoy Seckin , Berkiten Guler , Onol Suzan Deniz , Ozturkçu Yusuf , Uyar Yavuz
Published: November 2013

Objective. To investigate the compression of the vestibulocochlear nerve in the etiology of the tinnitus in the normal hearing ears with temporal bone computed tomography scans. Methods. A prospective nonrandomized study of 30 bilateral tinnitus and 30 normal hearing patients enrolled in this study.
Results. A total of 60 patients (ages ranged from 16 to 87) were included. The tinnitus group comprised 11 males and 19 females (mean age 49,50 ± 12,008) and the control group comprised 6 males and 24 females (mean age 39,47 ± 12,544).
Regarding the right and left internal acoustic canals measurements (inlet, midcanal, and outlet canal lengths), there were no significant differences between the measurements of the control and tinnitus groups (P > 0.005). There was no narrowness in the internal acoustic canal of the tinnitus group compared with the control group.
High‐frequency audiometric measurements of the right and left ears tinnitus group at 8000, 9000, 10000, 11200, 12500, 14000, 16000, and 18000 Hz frequencies were significantly lower than the control group thresholds (P < 0.05). There was high‐frequency hearing loss in the tinnitus group. Conclusion. There were no anatomical differences in the etiology of tinnitus rather than physiological degeneration in the nerves.
A Module Analysis Approach to Investigate Molecular Mechanism of TCM Formula: A Trial on Shu-feng-jie-du Formula
Authors: Song Jianglong , Zhang Fangbo , Tang Shihuan , Liu Xi , Gao Yibo , Lu Peng , Wang Yanping , Yang Hongjun
Published: November 2013

At the molecular level, it is acknowledged that a TCM formula is often a complex system, which challenges researchers to fully understand its underlying pharmacological action. However, module detection technique developed from complex network provides new insight into systematic investigation of the mode of action of a TCM formula from the molecule perspective. We here proposed a computational approach integrating the module detection technique into a 2-class heterogeneous network (2-HN) which models the complex pharmacological system of a TCM formula. This approach takes three steps: construction of a 2-HN, identification of primary pharmacological units, and pathway analysis. We employed this approach to study Shu-feng-jie-du (SHU) formula, which aimed at discovering its molecular mechanism in defending against influenza infection. Actually, four primary pharmacological units were identified from the 2-HN for SHU formula and further analysis revealed numbers of biological pathways modulated by the four pharmacological units. 24 out of 40 enriched pathways that were ranked in top 10 corresponding to each of the four pharmacological units were found to be involved in the process of influenza infection. Therefore, this approach is capable of uncovering the mode of action underlying a TCM formula via module analysis.
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Demir Mehmet , Guven Dilek , Koc Arzu , Ozdemir Savas , Can Efe
Published: November 2013

Aim. To compare the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness between women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and healthy women.Materials and Methods. The study included 88 eyes of 44 women (group 1) with PCOS and 84 eyes of 42 healthy women (group 2). In all subjects, the RNFL and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thicknesses were measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). In addition, visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), refractive errors, central macular thickness (CMT), central corneal thickness (CCT), and excavation of optic disc were evaluated in all subjects.Results. Mean values of GCC, IOP, VA, CMT, CCT, and refractive errors were similar between the 2 groups. The average RNFL, superior average RNFL, and inferior average RNFL thicknesses were higher in subjects with PCOS than in healthy subjects (P=0.003,P=0.012, andP=0.009), respectively.Conclusion. The average RNFL, superior average RNFL, and inferior average RNFL thicknesses in women with PCOS were significantly higher than in healthy women.
Can We Share Multiple Choice Questions across Borders? Validation of the Dutch Knowledge Assessment in Family Medicine in Flanders
Authors: Ryssaert Lynn , Wens Johan , Schoenmakers Birgitte
Published: November 2013

Background. One of the methods to test knowledge of Family Medicine trainees is a written exam composed of multiple choice questions. Creating high-quality multiple choice questions requires a lot of experience, knowledge, and time. This study explores the opportunity to run the Dutch knowledge assessment in Flanders as well, the use of this test for formative purposes. Methods. The study test was performed in a Flemish sample of postgraduate Family Medicine (FM) trainees and FM trainers. The Dutch test, adjusted to the Flemish context, was analyzed according to the classical test theory: difficulty factor and discriminating power of the items and reliability of the test. Results. 82 of the 154 items well divided the group into two equal parts of correct and incorrect responders. The distribution of the discrimination index, of the items with an acceptable difficulty factor, was [−0.012–0.530]. The item-test-correlation shows that 52 items do not fit, and 87 items need revision in varying degrees. The test reliability was 0.917. Conclusion. The test was highly reliable, but many MC questions appeared to be too easy and poorly discriminative. Therefore, we question the test validity and recommend reconsideration of the items based on difficulty before it is applied and used as a mandatory formative test.
Release Kinetics and Antibacterial Efficacy of Microporous β‐TCP Coatings
Authors: Seidenstuecker Michael , Mrestani Yahya , Neubert Reinhard H. H. , Bernstein Anke , Mayr Hermann O.
Published: November 2013

Purpose. The aim of this study was to impregnate microporous β‐TCP scaffolds with different antibiotic solutions and to determine their release behavior. Materials and Methods. We impregnated a β‐TCP scaffold with antibiotics by using three methods: drop, dip, and stream coating with 120 mg/mL of antibiotic solution. After drying for 72 h at 37°C, 2 mL of distilled water was added to the antibiotic‐coated plugs and incubated at 37°C. After defined time points (1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 14 days), the liquid was completely replaced. The extracted liquid was analyzed by capillary zone electrophoresis and the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion test. For statistical analysis, we calculated a mean and standard deviation and carried out an analysis of variance using ANOVA. Results. The VAN and CLI release from the β‐TCP scaffolds was rapid, occurring within 24 h with 89 ± 0.8% VAN and 90.4 ± 1.5% CLI regardless of the type of insulation. After six days, the VAN and CLI were completely released. All samples taken at later time points had a VAN or CLI concentration below the detection limit of 4 µg/mL. The released amounts of VAN and CLI within the first three days revealed antimicrobial activity.
Alleviation of Hyperglycemia Induced Vascular Endothelial Injury by Exenatide Might Be Related to the Reduction of Nitrooxidative Stress
Authors: Zhao Qian , Xu Chun-ling , Xiong Hai-yan , Huang Wen , Zhang Mei , Wang Yun , Wang Si-yu , Wang Wen
Published: November 2013

We will investigate the effects of exenatide on vascular endothelial injury and nitrooxidative stress in hyperglycemia both in vivo and in vitro and explore the role of nitrooxidative stress in endothelium-protective action of exenatide. Healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, diabetes mellitus (DM) model, low dose of exenatide treatment, and high dose of exenatide treatment. In vitro study showed that, compared with control group, the DM rats exhibited a lowered endothelium-dependent relaxation and damaged structural integrity of thoracic aortas, and there was a significant increase in plasma nitrotyrosine concentration. These parameters were improved after treatment with either low dose or high dose of exenatide for 45 days. In vitro study showed that exendin-4 (the active ingredient of exenatide) attenuated HUVECs injury induced by high glucose, with improving cell viability and attenuating cell apoptosis. Exendin-4 also significantly alleviated the increased malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrotyrosine content, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression induced by high glucose in HUVECs. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that exenatide treatment can alleviate the vascular endothelial injury, as well as attenuating the nitrooxidative stress in hyperglycemia, implying that the endothelium-protective effect of exenatide might be related to the reduction of nitrooxidative stress.
mTOR Inhibition: From Aging to Autism and Beyond
Authors: Kaeberlein Matt
Published: November 2013

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved protein that regulates growth and proliferation in response to environmental and hormonal cues. Broadly speaking, organisms are constantly faced with the challenge of interpreting their environment and making a decision between “grow or do not grow.” mTOR is a major component of the network that makes this decision at the cellular level and, to some extent, the tissue and organismal level as well. Although overly simplistic, this framework can be useful when considering the myriad functions ascribed to mTOR and the pleiotropic phenotypes associated with genetic or pharmacological modulation of mTOR signaling. In this review, I will consider mTOR function in this context and attempt to summarize and interpret the growing body of literature demonstrating interesting and varied effects of mTOR inhibitors. These include robust effects on a multitude of age-related parameters and pathologies, as well as several other processes not obviously linked to aging or age-related disease.
A Case of Cutaneous Plasmablastic Lymphoma in HIV/AIDS with DisseminatedCryptococcus
Authors: Gong Jun , Alkan Serhan , Anand Sidharth
Published: November 2013

We present a case of a patient with HIV/AIDS who presented with a tender left lower extremity cutaneous mass over a site of previous cryptococcal infection and was found to have plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL). The incidence of PBL is estimated to account for less than 5% of all cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in HIV-positive individuals. In fact, there were only two reports of extraoral PBL at the time of a 2003 review. PBL in HIV-positive individuals is an aggressive malignancy that tends to occur in middle-aged males with low CD4 counts, high viral loads, and chronic HIV infection. The definitive diagnosis can be made with biopsy which typically shows malignant lymphoid cells that stain positive for plasma cell markers and negative for B-cell markers. The most common treatment is chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) or CHOP-like regimens, but the overall survival rate is poor despite its relative responsiveness to chemotherapy. This case highlights the challenges that remain in improving clinical outcomes, the importance of antiretroviral therapy and HIV disease control, and a potential association between a chronic inflammatory state caused by disseminatedCryptococcusand tumorigenesis in individuals with PBL.
Nanoparticle‐Based Drug Delivery for Therapy of Lung Cancer: Progress and Challenges
Authors: Babu Anish , Templeton Amanda K. , Munshi Anupama , Ramesh Rajagopal
Published: November 2013

The last decade has witnessed enormous advances in the development and application of nanotechnology in cancer detection, diagnosis, and therapy culminating in the development of the nascent field of “cancer nanomedicine.” A nanoparticle as per the National Institutes of Health (NIH) guidelines is any material that is used in the formulation of a drug resulting in a final product smaller than 1 micron in size. Nanoparticle‐based therapeutic systems have gained immense popularity due to their ability to overcome biological barriers, effectively deliver hydrophobic therapies, and preferentially target disease sites. Currently, many formulations of nanocarriers are utilized including lipid‐based, polymeric and branched polymeric, metal‐based, magnetic, and mesoporous silica. Innovative strategies have been employed to exploit the multicomponent, three‐dimensional constructs imparting multifunctional capabilities. Engineering such designs allows simultaneous drug delivery of chemotherapeutics and anticancer gene therapies to site‐specific targets. In lung cancer, nanoparticle‐based therapeutics is paving the way in the diagnosis, imaging, screening, and treatment of primary and metastatic tumors. However, translating such advances from the bench to the bedside has been severely hampered by challenges encountered in the areas of pharmacology, toxicology, immunology, large‐scale manufacturing, and regulatory issues. This review summarizes current progress and challenges in nanoparticle‐based drug delivery systems, citing recent examples targeted at lung cancer treatment.
Glycyrrhetinic Acid‐Poly(ethylene glycol)‐glycyrrhetinic Acid Tri‐Block Conjugates Based Self‐Assembled Micelles for Hepatic Targeted Delivery of Poorly Water Soluble Drug
Authors: Wu Fengbo , Xu Ting , Liu Chi , Chen Can , Song Xiangrong , Zheng Yu , He Gu
Published: November 2013

The triblock 18β‐glycyrrhetinic acid‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐18β‐glycyrrhetinic acid conjugates (GA‐PEG‐GA) based self‐assembled micelles were synthesized and characterized by FTIR, NMR, transmission electron microscopy, and particle size analysis. The GA‐PEG‐GA conjugates having the critical micelle concentration of 6 × 10−5 M were used to form nanosized micelles, with mean diameters of 159.21 ± 2.2 nm, and then paclitaxel (PTX) was incorporated into GA‐PEG‐GA micelles by self‐assembly method. The physicochemical properties of the PTX loaded GA‐PEG‐GA micelles were evaluated including in vitro cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, drug release profile, and in vivo tissue distribution. The results demonstrate that the GA‐PEG‐GA micelles had low cytotoxicity and good ability of selectively delivering drug to hepatic cells in vitro and in vivo by the targeting moiety glycyrrhetinic acid. In conclusion, the GA‐PEG‐GA conjugates have potential medical applications for targeted delivery of poor soluble drug delivery.
A Low Complexity Near-Optimal MIMO Antenna Subset Selection Algorithm for Capacity Maximisation
Authors: Vasudevan Ayyem Pillai , Sudhakar R.
Published: November 2013

Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) wireless systems employ a scheme called antenna subset selection for maximising the data rate or reliability for the prevailing channel conditions with the available or affordable number of radio frequency (RF) chains. In this paper, a low-complexity, and near-optimal performance fast algorithm is formulated and the detailed algorithm statements are stated with the exact complexity involved for capacity-maximising receive-only selection. The complexities of other receive-only selection comparable algorithms are calculated. Complexities have been stated in terms of both complex-complex flops and real-real flops. Significantly, all the algorithms are seen in the perspective of linear increase of capacity with the number of selected antennas up to one less than the total number of receive antennas. It is shown that our algorithm will be a good choice in terms of both performance and complexity for systems, which look for linear increase in capacity with the number of selected antennas up to one less than the total receive antennas. Our algorithm complexity is much less dependent on the number of transmit antennas and is not dependent on the number of selected antennas and it strikes a good tradeoff between performance and speed, which is very important for practical implementations.
Design of an Evolutionary Approach for Intrusion Detection
Authors: Kumar Gulshan , Kumar Krishan
Published: November 2013

A novel evolutionary approach is proposed for effective intrusion detection based on benchmark datasets. The proposed approach can generate a pool of noninferior individual solutions and ensemble solutions thereof. The generated ensembles can be used to detect the intrusions accurately. For intrusion detection problem, the proposed approach could consider conflicting objectives
simultaneously like detection rate of each attack class, error rate, accuracy, diversity, and so forth. The proposed approach can generate
a pool of noninferior solutions and ensembles thereof having optimized trade‐offs values of multiple conflicting objectives.
In this paper, a three‐phase, approach is proposed to generate solutions to a simple chromosome design in the first phase. In the
first phase, a Pareto front of noninferior individual solutions is approximated. In the second phase of the proposed approach,
the entire solution set is further refined to determine effective ensemble solutions considering solution interaction. In this phase,
another improved Pareto front of ensemble solutions over that of individual solutions is approximated. The ensemble solutions in
improved Pareto front reported improved detection results based on benchmark datasets for intrusion detection. In the third phase,
a combination method like majority voting method is used to fuse the predictions of individual solutions for determining prediction
of ensemble solution. Benchmark datasets, namely, KDD cup 1999 and ISCX 2012 dataset, are used to demonstrate and validate
the performance of the proposed approach for intrusion detection. The proposed approach can discover individual solutions and
ensemble solutions thereof with a good support and a detection rate from benchmark datasets (in comparison with well‐known
ensemble methods like bagging and boosting). In addition, the proposed approach is a generalized classification approach that is applicable to the problem of any field having multiple conflicting objectives, and a dataset can be represented in the form of labelled instances in terms of its features.
Dynamics of Renal Electrolyte Excretion in Growing Mice
Authors: Schmidt Katharina , Ripper Maria , Tegtmeier Ines , Humberg Evelyn , Sterner Christina , Reichold Markus , Warth Richard , Bandulik Sascha
Published: November 2013

Genetically modified mice represent important models for elucidating renal pathophysiology, but gene deletions frequently cause severe failure to thrive. In such cases, the analysis of the phenotype is often limited to the first weeks of life when renal excretory function undergoes dramatic physiological changes. Here, we investigated the postnatal dynamics of urinary ion excretion in mice. The profiles of urinary electrolyte excretion of mice were examined from birth until after weaning using an automated ion chromatography system. Postnatally, mice grew about 0.4 g/day, except during two phases with slower weight gain: (i) directly after birth during adaptation to extrauterine conditions (P0-P2) and (ii) during the weaning period (P15-P21), when nutrition changed from mother's milk to solid chow and water. During the first 3 days after birth, remarkable changes in urinary Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and phosphate concentrations occurred, whereas K+ and Cl- concentrations hardly changed. From days 4-14 after birth, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Cl- concentrations remained relatively stable at low levels. Urinary concentrations of creatinine, NH4+, phosphate, and sulfate constantly increased from birth until after weaning. Profiles of salt excretion in KCNJ10-/- mice exemplified the relevance of age-dependent analysis of urinary excretion. In conclusion, the most critical phases for analysis of renal ion excretion during the first weeks of life are directly after birth and during the weaning period. The age dependence of urinary excretion varies for the different ions. This should be taken into consideration when the renal phenotype of mice is investigated during the first weeks of life.
Investigation of Global and Regional Myocardial Mechanics With 3-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography and Relations to Hypertrophy and Fibrosis in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Urbano-Moral Jose Angel , Rowin Ethan J. , Maron Martin S. , Crean Andrew , Pandian Natesa G.
Published: November 2013

Background—

In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), heterogeneous myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis are responsible for abnormalities of left ventricular (LV) function. We aimed to characterize LV global and regional myocardial mechanics in HCM, according to segmental hypertrophy and fibrosis.

Methods and Results—

Fifty-nine patients with HCM underwent standard echocardiography, 3-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE); all 3 tests were <24 hours apart. Longitudinal, circumferential, and area strains were investigated according to the extent of LGE (no LGE, LGE<10%, and LGE≥10%), segmental thickness (≥15 versus <15 mm), and segmental LGE (LGE versus non-LGE). Attenuated global longitudinal strain showed association with extent of hypertrophy (indexed LV mass,
r
=0.32,
P
=0.01; maximum LV wall thickness,
r
=0.34,
P
=0.009; number of segments ≥15 mm,
r
=0.44,
P
<0.001), whereas enhanced global circumferential strain was correlated to LV global functional parameters (indexed end-systolic volume,
r
=0.47,
P
<0.001; ejection fraction,
r
=−0.75,
P
<0.001). Parameters of global myocardial mechanics showed no association with the extent of LGE; in contrast, the extent of LGE was associated with the extent of hypertrophy. All 3 deformation parameters were attenuated both in segments ≥15 mm in thickness and in those with LGE; adjusted analysis demonstrated that segmental presence of LGE was associated with additional attenuation in myocardial deformation.

Conclusions—

Both hypertrophy and fibrosis contribute to regional impairment of myocardial shortening in HCM. The extent of hypertrophy is the primary factor altering global myocardial mechanics. Circumferential myocardial shortening seems to be directly involved in preservation of LV systolic performance in HCM.
Paul Strand's Living Labor
Authors: Schwartz Stephanie
Published: November 2013

In 1932, Paul Strand travelled to Mexico. The work he completed during his two-year stay has framed our histories of Strand's practice in the 1930s and 1940s as a history of his turning away from his commitment to formalism in the 1920s. Paul Strand's Living Labor challenges this history through an examination of The Wave, a documentary film Strand shot in 1934. A study of labor struggles in post-revolutionary Mexico, The Wave, this essay argues, reanimates Strand's investigation of the relationship between man and machine evident in his first film, Manhatta (1921). Focusing on Strand's obsession with the close-up and the portrait, Paul Strand's Living Labor organizes a history of Strand's work that rejects the binaries framing our studies of Strand: between New York and Mexico, film and photography, modernism and documentary.
“What We Think about the Object Is Far More Important Than Its Making”: Some Notes on Horia Bernea's Early Works
Authors: Radu Magda
Published: November 2013

The text analyzes the early activity of the Romanian artist Horia Bernea (1938–2000), putting it in conjunction with various aspects of conceptual art. It emphasizes points of contact between Bernea's practice and the existing narratives of conceptual art (including the Eastern European ones) and it provides contextual information about the artistic and socio-political environment in Romania during the period of liberalization which debuted at the end of the 1960s and lasted for a few years. The text mainly focuses on a close reading of some Bernea's works which were made in this timeframe, namely the Production Charts series and his investigation of the “post-cognitive iconography” formed by a family of “Entities” with invented names and morphologies.
Introduction to Ronald Kay's “On photography
Time split in two”
Authors: de la Torre Osvaldo
Published: November 2013

The text presented here constitutes the first time that Ronald Kay's work has been rendered and published in English translation. A fundamental figure within Chile's art scene during its recent dictatorial period (1973–1990), Kay's written, pedagogic, and editorial contributions were instrumental in shaping the sophisticated and insurgent discourse of the artists working under the rubric now known as the neovanguardia. The first chapter of Ronald Kay's Del Espacio de Acá (1980), “On photography Time split in two” lays out, in a style and rhetoric that are both lyrical and rigorous, Kay's theorization of the photographic phenomenon as a miniature geological event.
The Dutch Euthanasia Act: Recent Legal Developments
Authors: Legemaate Johan , Bolt Ineke
Published: November 2013

Abstract

The Dutch Termination of Life on Request and Assisted Suicide Act [Wet toetsing levensbeëindiging op verzoek en hulp bij zelfdoding (Wtl)] came into force in 2002. Its aim is to increase the degree of due care exercised by physicians when terminating a patient’s life and to provide a legal framework within which physicians account for their actions in such cases. On the basis of the second evaluation of the Act, published in December 2012, this article provides an overview of the most recent legal developments regarding the Dutch Euthanasia Act. Special attention is given to patients with dementia, psychiatric patients and patient who are “weary of life”.
Scope and Limits of Psychiatric Evidence in International Criminal Law
Authors: Radosavljevic Dragana
Published: November 2013

This article examines the role of the mental health sector evidence in international crimes prosecutions. Specifically, recent trials are examined with a view to assess the scope and limits of psychiatric evidence in relation to war crimes defences. Scrutinizing fully the origins and triggers of individual criminal responsibility, serves the interests of justice and enhances trial rights. This study also tries to illustrate the undesirable but extensive use of hearsay evidence in international criminal courts and the ways in which psychiatric evidence is used frequently to validate inconsistent testimonies and hearsay accounts of presumed victims and witnesses but not to enable defendants to form defences. The article concludes that defence trial rights would be better protected if relevant legal lacunae and ambiguities regarding the admissibility of psychiatric evidence are clarified and if the amount of such evidence required to satisfy certain defences, such as duress, is quantified with greater specificity.
Revisionary checklist of the Southern African Sesiini (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) with description of new species
Authors: BARTSCH DANIEL
Published: November 2013

A revisionary checklist of the Sesiini of southern Africa is presented. All known genera of the region and their type species are redescribed. The following genera are placed in Sesiini for the first time: Alonina Walker, 1856; Anaudia Wallengren, 1863; Austrosetia Felder & Felder, 1874; Megalosphecia Le Cerf, 1916 and Vespanthedon Le Cerf, 1917. The genera Cicinnoscelis Holland, 1893 rev. stat. (from synonymy with Alonina Walker, 1856) and Felderiola Naumann, 1971 rev. stat. (from synonymy with Monopetalotaxis Wallengren, 1859) are resurrected from synonymy and included in Sesiini. One new genus, Hagnogyna new gen., and seven new species, Cicinnoscelis flavipes new sp., C. krooni new sp., Alonina rufa new sp., A. fusca new sp., Anaudia thyranthrena new sp., Felderiola karooensis new sp. and F. xanthogaster new sp., are described. The following new combinations are introduced: Cicinnoscelis longipes Holland, 1893 rev. comb., Alonina pyrethra (Hampson, 1919) new comb., A. pyrocraspis (Hampson, 1910) new comb., A. luteopunctata (Freina, 2011) new comb., Felderiola candescens (Felder & Felder, 1874) rev. comb., Hagnogyna sanguicosta (Hampson, 1919) new comb., H. bartschi (Freina, 2011) new comb. and Vespanthedon chalciphora (Hampson, 1919) new comb. Alonina difformis Hampson, 1919 new syn. is considered a subjective junior synonym of A. rygchiiformis Walker, 1856. A lectotype is designated for Austrosetia semirufa Felder & Felder, 1874 and the previously unknown males of this species and of Anaudia felderi Wallengren, 1863 are described. Bionomical data for some of the species discussed are given for the first time.
Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. IV. Fergusobia from flat leaf galls on Eucalyptus and Corymbia, with descriptions of two new species
Authors: DAVIES KERRIE A. , GIBLIN-DAVIS ROBIN M. , YE WEIMIN , TAYLOR GARY S. , THOMAS W. KELLEY
Published: November 2013

Two new species of Fergusobia are described. Both were collected from flat leaf galls from South Australia, one on Eucalyptus microcarpa and the other on E. porosa. Fergusobia microcarpae n. sp. Davies is characterised by the combination of a C-shaped parthenogenetic female with a short, broadly rounded conoid tail, an arcuate to open C-shaped infective female with an hemispherical tail tip, and arcuate to J-shaped males with angular spicules and short peloderan bursa. Fergusobia porosae n. sp. Davies is similar in having an arcuate to C-shaped parthenogenetic female with a small conoid tail, an almost straight to arcuate infective female with an hemispherical tail tip, and males that are almost straight to barely J-shaped with angular spicules and short peloderan bursa. They differ in that the bodies of parthenogenetic and infective females of F. microcarpae n. sp. are more curved than in F. porosae n. sp. Other known similar forms of Fergusobia/Fergusonina galls are outlined and the larval shield morphologies of their associated mutualistic Fergusonina fly species are discussed where known. An inventory of all known Fergusobia/Fergusonina associations from flat leaf galls from Corymbia spp. and Eucalyptus spp. is presented. Relationships of Fergusobia nematodes were inferred from analysis of sequences of 28S rDNA D2/D3 domains and a portion of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI). Nematodes from flat leaf galls appeared in two clades.
Why Drosophila is not Drosophila any more, why it will be worse and what can be done about it?
Authors: FLEGR JAROSLAV
Published: November 2013

Formally, Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830 is still Drosophila; however, it just waits for the first formal revision of the genus. On the basis of a 23 : 4 vote, the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature rejected the proposal (Kim van der Linde et al., 2007) to make an exception to the rules and to switch the type of the genus Drosophila from D. funebris to D. melanogaster in order to retain for ever the name Drosophila melanogaster for the species that represents probably the most important model organism in many branches of biological research. The results of molecular taxonomic studies have shown that the correct name of this species should be Sophophora melanogaster rather than Drosophila melanogaster (O'Grady, 2010; van der Linde et al., 2010). Taxonomists and phylogeneticists are not concerned too much with this as Drosophila/Sophophora melanogaster represents for them just one of many millions of species. The nontaxonomists, i.e., the remaining approximately seven billion inhabitants of our planet, are in a worse situation. When they want to communicate precisely about the fly that eats their fruit, that is a vector of bacterial pathogens in food processing or healthcare facilities, that is a carrier of an interesting gene, or that is considered as the subject of a regulation or a rule to be formulated, they have a problem.
Mesoscale Gravity Waves in Moist Baroclinic Jet–Front Systems
Authors: Wei Junhong , Zhang Fuqing
Published: November 2013

A series of cloud-permitting simulations with the Weather Research and Forecast model (WRF) are performed to study the characteristics and source mechanisms of mesoscale gravity waves in moist baroclinic jet–front systems with varying degrees of convective instability. These idealized experiments are initialized with the same baroclinic jet but with different initial moisture content, which produce different life cycles of moist baroclinic waves, to investigate the relative roles of moist processes and baroclinicity in the generation and propagation of mesoscale gravity waves. The dry experiment with no moisture or convection simulates gravity waves that are consistent with past modeling studies. An experiment with a small amount of moisture produces similar baroclinic life cycles to the dry experiment but with the introduction of weak convective instability. Subsequent initiation of convection, although weak, may considerably amplify the gravity waves that are propagating away from the upper-level jet exit region crossing the ridge to the jet entrance region. The weak convection also generates a new wave mode of shorter-scale wave packets that are believed to interact with, strengthen, and modify the dry gravity wave modes. Further increase of the moisture content (up to 5 times) leads to strong convective instability and vigorous moist convection. Besides a faster-growing moist baroclinic wave, the convectively generated gravity waves emerge much earlier, are more prevalent, and are larger in amplitude; they are fully coupled with, and hardly separable from, the dry gravity wave modes under the complex background moist baroclinic waves.
Projected Tasman Sea Extremes in Sea Surface Temperature through the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Oliver Eric C. J. , Wotherspoon Simon J. , Chamberlain Matthew A. , Holbrook Neil J.
Published: November 2013

Ocean climate extremes have received little treatment in the literature, aside from coastal sea level and temperatures affecting coral bleaching. Further, it is notable that extremes (e.g., temperature and precipitation) are typically not well represented in global climate models. Here, the authors improve dynamically downscaled ocean climate model estimates of sea surface temperature (SST) extremes in the Tasman Sea off southeastern Australia using satellite remotely sensed observed extreme SSTs and the simulated marine climate of the 1990s. This is achieved using a Bayesian hierarchical model in which the parameters of an extreme value distribution are modeled by linear regression onto the key marine climate variables (e.g., mean SST, SST variance, etc.). The authors then apply this fitted model, essentially a form of bias correction, to the marine climate projections for the 2060s under an A1B emissions scenario. They show that the extreme SSTs are projected to increase in the Tasman Sea in a nonuniform way. The 50-yr return period extreme SSTs are projected to increase by up to 2°C over the entire domain and by up to 4°C in a hotspot located in the central western portion of the Tasman Sea, centered at a latitude ~500 km farther south than the projected change in mean SST. The authors show that there is a greater than 50% chance that annual maximum SSTs will increase by at least 2°C in this hotspot and that this change is significantly different than that which might be expected because of random chance in an unchanged climate.
Sensitivity of Precipitation Phase over the Swiss Alps to Different Meteorological Variables
Authors: Froidurot S. , Zin I. , Hingray B. , Gautheron A.
Published: November 2013

In most meteorological or hydrological models, the distinction between snow and rain is based only on a given air temperature. However, other factors such as air moisture can be used to better distinguish between the two phases. In this study, a number of models using different combinations of meteorological variables are tested to determine their pertinence for the discrimination of precipitation phases. Spatial robustness is also evaluated. Thirty years (1981–2010) of Swiss meteorological data are used, consisting of radio soundings from Payerne as well as present weather observations and surface measurements (mean hourly surface air temperature, mean hourly relative humidity, and hourly precipitation) from 14 stations, including Payerne. It appeared that, unlike surface variables, variables derived from the atmospheric profiles (e.g., the vertical temperature gradient) hardly improve the discrimination of precipitation phase at ground level. Among all tested variables, surface air temperature and relative humidity show the greatest explanatory power. The statistical model using these two variables and calibrated for the case study region provides good spatial robustness over the region. Its parameters appear to confirm those defined in the model presented by Koistinen and Saltikoff.