bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activation of Histone Gene Transcription by Nonhistone Chromosomal Phosphoproteins
Authors: Thompson Judith A. , Stein Janet L. , Kleinsmith Lewis J. , Stein Gary S.
Published: October 2006

Hybridization analysis of RNA transcripts from HeLa S3 cell chromatin to histone complementary DNA indicates that a chromosomal phosphoprotein fraction activates transcription of histone messenger RNA sequences in vitro with chromatin from a phase in the cell cycle when histone genes are normally silent.
Hydra hymanae
: Regulation of the Life Cycle by Time and Temperature
Authors: Davison John
Published: October 2006

Hydra hymanae
, a hermaphroditic freshwater coelenterate, reproduces asexually at 24°C and sexually at 15°C. The appearance of gonads begins 12 days after transfer from 24° to 15°C and is complete 35 days after the temperature transition. Testes appear before eggs. Fifty percent of the mature embryos maintained at 15°C hatch by day 61, but they have a low level of survival. Fifty percent of the mature embryos pretreated for from 5 to 25 days at 4°C hatch by about day 45, and these have a high level of survival. Embryos maintained at 4°C for longer periods (55 to 85 days) accumulate in a prehatching state and hatch with a high degree of synchrony approximately 7.5 days after return to 15°C. Populations derived from newly hatched polyps are refractory to sex induction for approximately 120 days. The system is well adapted to ensure a regular alternation of reproductive modes in the natural environment.
Early Eye Removal Produces Excessive Bilateral Branching in the Rat: Application of Cobalt Filling Method
Authors: Cunningham T. J.
Published: October 2006

When one eye of a rat is removed at birth, axons from the remaining eye form an excess of branches which are directed to both sides of the brain. This finding, which is based on a novel application of cobalt tracing methods, provides an explanation for previous reports of expanded uncrossed projections after early eye removal.
Trail Marking by Larvae of the Eastern Tent Caterpillar
Authors: Fitzgerald T. D.
Published: October 2006

Eastern tent caterpillars that are successful foragers deposit trails as they return to the tent that are more attractive than the exploratory trails of the unfed larvae. The trails of these fed returning larvae attract unfed tentmates to food finds and are followed preferentially during the colony's next forage en masse. One or more chemical factors account for the attractiveness of these trails.
DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION ON A SPHERE
Authors: MÖLLER GUNNAR , OUVRY STÉPHANE , MATVEENKO SERGEY
Published: October 2006

The question of the dimensional reduction of two-dimensional (2d) quantum models on a sphere to one-dimensional (1d) models on a circle is addressed. A possible application is to look at a relation between the 2d anyon model and the 1d Calogero–Sutherland model, which would allow for a better understanding of the connection between 2d anyon exchange statistics and Haldane exclusion statistics. The latter is realized microscopically in the 2d LLL anyon model and in the 1d Calogero model. In a harmonic well of strength ω or on a circle of radius R — both parameters ω and R have to be viewed as long distance regulators — the Calogero spectrum is discrete. It is well known that by confining the anyon model in a 2d harmonic well and projecting it on a particular basis of the harmonic well eigenstates, one obtains the Calogero–Moser model. It is then natural to consider the anyon model on a sphere of radius R and look for a possible dimensional reduction to the Calogero–Sutherland model on a circle of radius R. First, the free one-body case is considered, where a mapping from the 2d sphere to the 1d chiral circle is established by projection on a special class of spherical harmonics. Second, the N-body interacting anyon model is considered: it happens that the standard anyon model on the sphere is not adequate for dimensional reduction. One is thus led to define a new spherical anyon-like model deduced from the Aharonov–Bohm problem on the sphere where each flux line pierces the sphere at one point and exits it at its antipode.
Epigenetic dynamics of theKcnq1imprinted domain in the early embryo
Authors: Lewis Annabelle , Green Kelly , Dawson Claire , Redrup Lisa , Huynh Khanh D. , Lee Jeannie T. , Hemberger Myriam , Reik Wolf
Published: October 2006

The mouse Kcnq1 imprinted domain is located on distal chromosome 7 and contains several imprinted genes that are paternally repressed. Repression of these genes is regulated by a non-coding antisense transcript, Kcnq1ot1, which is paternally expressed. Maternal repression of Kcnq1ot1 is controlled by DNA methylation originating in the oocyte. Some genes in the region are imprinted only in the placenta, whereas others are imprinted in both extra-embryonic and embryonic lineages. Here, we show that Kcnq1ot1 is paternally expressed in preimplantation embryos from the two-cell stage, and that ubiquitously imprinted genes proximal to Kcnq1ot1 are already repressed in blastocysts, ES cells and TS cells. Repressive histone marks such as H3K27me3 are present on the paternal allele of these genes in both ES and TS cells. Placentally imprinted genes that are distal to Kcnq1ot1, by contrast, are not imprinted in blastocysts, ES or TS cells. In these genes, paternal silencing and differential histone marks arise during differentiation of the trophoblast lineage between E4.5 and E7.5. Our findings show that the dynamics during preimplantation development of gene inactivation and acquisition of repressive histone marks in ubiquitously imprinted genes of the Kcnq1 domain are very similar to those of imprinted X inactivation. By contrast, genes that are only imprinted in the placenta, while regulated by the same non-coding RNA transcript Kcnq1ot1, undergo epigenetic inactivation during differentiation of the trophoblast lineage. Our findings establish a model for how epigenetic gene silencing by non-coding RNA may depend on distance from the non-coding RNA and on lineage and differentiation specific factors.
Tuning the drum: the mechanical basis for frequency discrimination in a Mediterranean cicada
Authors: Sueur Jérôme , Windmill James F. C. , Robert Daniel
Published: October 2006

Cicadas are known to use sound to find a mate. While the mechanism employed by male cicadas to generate loud calling songs has been described in detail,little information exists to explain how their ears work. Using microscanning laser Doppler vibrometry, the tympanal vibrations in the cicada Cicadatra atra are measured in response to acoustic playbacks. The topographically accurate optical measurements reveal the vibrational behaviour of the anatomically complex tympanal membrane. Notably, the tympanal ridge, a distinct structural element of the tympanum that is a link to the receptor cells, undergoes mechanical vibrations reminiscent of a travelling wave. In effect, the frequency for which the maximum deflection amplitude is observed regularly decreases from the apex to the base of the ridge. It is also shown that whilst female ears are mechanically tuned to the male's song, the male's tympanum is only partially tuned to its own song. This study establishes the presence of a peripheral auditory mechanism that can potentially process auditory frequency analysis. In view of the importance of acoustic signalling in cicadas, this unconventional tympanal mechanism may be employed in the context of species recognition and sexual selection.
Implantation of human keloid into athymic mice
Authors: Estrem Scott A. , Domayer Marylyn , Bardach Janusz , Cram Alvin E.
Published: October 2006

In the interest of developing an animal model for keloids, human keloid dermis was implanted in the subcutaneous tissues of athymic (nude) mice. Subsequent growth resulted in a lesion with histology similar to the original keloid. Fibroblasts were cultured from keloid dermis. When the fibroblasts alone were implanted in the subcutaneous tissues of nude mice, growth of a visible lesion was again produced. The fibroblasts had proliferated and deposited collagen in an abnormal fashion with the histology resembling the parent keloid. Further research could develop this into a reliable animal model to allow in vivo experimentation.
Creativity, Professionalism and Culture Beyond Benchmarking
Authors: Laing Stuart
Published: October 2006

This paper reviews the three QAA subject benchmarks in Art and Design; History of Art, Architecture and Design, and Communication, Media, Film and Cultural Studies by comparing and contrasting key subject definitions from each statement. It looks first at the use of the key terms, creativity,
professionalism and culture, then notes some distinctive features and absences of each statement and finally turns to the core rationales offered for the contemporary social purpose of each subject. It concludes that such comparative analysis of the benchmark statements can create the conditions
for serious cross-disciplinary debate, which may ultimately prove to be the most valuable outcome of the QAA benchmarking exercise.
The student experience in Art and Design some issues arising from research on non-completion
Authors: Yorke Mantz
Published: October 2006

Data from a study of non-completion in England showed some noticeable differences between Art and Design and other subject areas. These related particularly to the quality of the student experience, and prompt a number of questions about the way in which higher education in Art and
Design might evolve, given sectoral developments such as the widening of participation and modularization.
Ridley Scott's Gladiator and the spectacle of empire: global/local rumblings inside the Pax Americana
Authors: Wilson Rob
Published: October 2006

Ridley Scott's Gladiator is situated and decoded not just as a representation of the Roman Empire but as a blasted allegorization of the Pax Americana itself in its modes of moral innocence, Euro-civililizational ratification, soft hegemony, and hegemonic technologies of sublime spectacle.
This essay thus interrogates global/local attachments to, and critiques of, US-dominated forms of neo-liberal globalization.
A spectacle of pain: confronting horror in Kathy Acker's My Mother: Demonology
Authors: Fare Diane
Published: October 2006

This article examines Kathy Acker's My Mother: Demonology (1993), her most difficult and demanding novel. It considers the motivation for, and the effects of, the complexity of the narrative by focusing on three significant areas: the figure and work of Colette Peignot (known
as Laure), a French activist and writer; the work of her lover Georges Bataille; and manifestations of horror.
Déesse sexualisée et/ou victime? La femme hindoue entre les colonialismes anglais et français en Inde
Authors: Magedera Ian H. , Underwood Dhana
Published: October 2006

Both the British (1608–1947) and the French (1664–1954) states have a long history of involvement in India and both created an equality of oppression, applying the same type of orientalistic interpretation to women as they did to men. However, on occasions, the Hindu woman
becomes an important vector in the colonizers' attempts to change cultural practices such as suttee (widow burning). This article uses Francophone sources (drama, novels and letters from missionaries) to track and analyse the male representations of the Hindu woman in (and outside) suttee.
It concludes (applying Spivak) that the lack of self-representation for the indigenous woman meant her representation by others was a key colonial battlefield. Due to the failure of dreams of empire, Francophone writers display a fantasizing discourse about the French établissements,
their inhabitants and also their women. With increasing British pan-Indian dominance after 1761, these writers used the colonised woman – colonized by the British – to implicitly criticize British rule (Jules Verne) and to elaborate a universal feminine voice and to interrogate
gender in history (Hélène Cixous).
Critical Appropriations: one desert, three narratives
Authors: Rice Laura
Published: October 2006

This article uses the postcolonial focus on the situated spaces from which we all read our being, fixed for the moment by the coordinates of gender, race, religion, class, national and ethnic origin and language as a hermeneutic for interrogating tropes of the desert as culturally-situated,
thus inevitably limited and partial. Three questions structure this investigation into the cultural and political investments revealed as land becomes landscape. First, how has the desert been constructed historically in diverse ways by not only Christians and Jews, but also by those who lived
in the desert, most generally polytheistic and then Muslim nomads? Second, in what ways did this difference in interpretation get played out in the encounter between the colonizer and the people of North Africa? And third, how do these differences continue to structure, at a deeply embedded
cultural level, competing postcolonial readings of the desert in North African texts?
Francophone Literary Representations of Indian Decolonization: Catherine Clment's Pour l'amour de l'Inde (1993) and Hlne Cixous's L'Indiade ou l'Inde de leurs rves (1987)
Authors: Marsh Kate
Published: October 2006

The importance of Cixous and Clment to French feminism remains uncontested; however, their use of India in fictional texts, specifically the historical event of decolonization by the British, has hitherto been overlooked. The present article will address this omission. Through the exploration
of postcolonial and feminist theory (a central tenet of both being the problematic of the representation of those previously absent from history) the notion of the literary representation of 1947 India within francophone literature will be examined. Accordingly, feminist, historical and postcolonial
discourse will be engaged with in order to analyse both writers' use of India. The article will conclude by demonstrating that despite the techniques of criture fminine and postcolonial representations which eschew the binary opposition of the East's other to the West's self, there is a continuity
evident in Western literary representations of India (both anglophone and francophone) that transcends the event of political decolonization.
'Aux délices de Mahé': a selected, critical and annotated bibliography of French-language representations of India 1763-2002
Authors: Granger Serge , Magedera Ian H. , Marsh Kate , Underwood Dhana
Published: October 2006

This is the first bibliography to list and to comment on representations of India in French literary and historical texts, with a critical and comparative focus on the fact of British Indian Empire. The list will aid the much-needed comparative study of anglo- and francophone epistemologies
in colonial and post-colonial India. For anglophone post-colonial scholars, it opens up the hitherto neglected fields of: French-language writing about British colonial India, about French colonial possessions in India and of comparative studies of both. And for francophone scholars and French
Indologists, it highlights important English-language studies, which incorporate post-colonial theory and criticism.
Nouvelle stratgie dans l'criture fminine au Maroc: La Liaison de Lyne Tywa
Authors: Bnayoun-Szmidt Yvette
Published: October 2006

La Liaison by Lyne Tywa may be viewed as a love story. However, this unusual novel, relating the turmoil of a married woman's forbidden passion for another man, reveals an attempt to unleash the daring voice of a Moroccan woman. One of the main characteristics of this novel is
the use of a pseudonym in the narrative strategy. This article raises the following questions. Is the love story in La Liaison one that encompasses an illicit passion? Does the novelist hide behind a name to reveal, in explicit details, unusual aspects of her erotic passion? Is there
a strategy that counteracts the wrath of an Arabo-Muslim society which imposes its own sense of morality? Or is renaming herself an attempt to redefine her own personal identity, a rebirth in society embedded in preconceptions, taboos and censorship?
Book Reviews
Authors: Redouane Rabia , Gbanou Slom Komlan
Published: October 2006

Paul Smal, Ali le Magnifique, Paris: Denol, 2001, 618 pp.

Michle Rakotoson, Henoy: Fragments en corce, Avin/Hannut, Editions Luce Wilquin, 1998, 124 pp.
Privatisation of State-Owned Enterprises in Spain: Redefining the Political Economy
Authors: Salmon Keith
Published: October 2006

Spain was at the forefront of a worldwide wave of privatisation in the 1990s. The process was driven by a mixture of pragmatism, belief in its economic benefits and a desire to be at the heart of Europe. It was lubricated by buoyant stock markets. In the process of transferring state
assets to the private sector, successive Spanish governments were careful to protect Spanish interests and to create a handful of major companies in which Spanish interests retained control. Nevertheless, privatisation provided an avenue for further foreign penetration of the economy. Transfer
of ownership was also accompanied by the formation of market structures that threatened competition and therefore the potential benefits of privatisation. As a result the government was forced to develop new regulatory mechanisms. In addition to shifts in power and control in the economy,
transfer of ownership led to the restructuring of labour, product and capital markets. In summary, privatisation redefined the political economy.
Governance and Prevailing Business Culture in the Valencian Community
Authors: Cannon Jackie , Pepiol R. M
Published: October 2006

This article focuses on regional governance and economic development in the Valencian Community. It examines a range of entities which might be labelled representative of the region and explores the origin and application of its image. The choice of the Valencian Community (Comunidad
Valenciana) as the object of study derives from its combination of a long-standing regional identity and business performance, paired with recent industrial development and European integration. It embodies continuity and change in both the Spanish and European contexts. Our assertion is that
the most valuable way to understand the political and economic evolution of this region and its resulting business culture is to link the concept of regional governance within Spain and the European Union with the networking process which has evolved.
Transitions That Count: Josefina Molina
Authors: Triana-Toribio Nria
Published: October 2006

This article deals with an aspect of the neglect that the work experiences of and films made by women have been subject to in Spanish historiography on cinema. It focuses on Josefina Molina's neglect despite the fact that one of her works could be considered a key text of the Transition.
This analysis provides a partial critique of canon-making, an exercise that should be questioned and never taken for granted.
Rio+10: Sustainable Development Revisited
Authors: Gardner Gary
Published: October 2006

In an assessment of the state of the world ten years after the 1992 Earth Summit, this paper argues that neither the environment nor socio-economic development has fared well. While awareness of environmental issues has increased and remarkable progress made in niches such as wind power
and organic farming, nearly all global indicators continue to be headed in the wrong direction. Many social issues advanced slowly, with some of the gains offset by setbacks. The decade since Rio saw decreases in deaths from infectious diseases such as pneumonia and diarrhoea, but a six-fold
increase in deaths from HIV/AIDS, with people in developing countries most at risk. The paper addresses the need to focus on such issues as increased participation of women in development activities, and system-wide rather than incremental approaches when considering policies and strategies
for sustainable development.
Book Reviews
Authors: Tarr Carrie , Chackal Jane
Published: October 2006

France on Film: Reflections on popular French cinema, edited by Lucy Mazdon, Wallflower Press 2001, 180 pp., 13.99 .

Viola Shafik, Arab Cinema: History and Cultural Identity, Cairo, The American University in Cairo Press, 1998, 255 pp., 19.95.
Book Reviews
Authors: Roberts Graham , Udris Jan
Published: October 2006

Dina Iordanova, Cinema of Flames: Balkan Film, Culture and the Media, London: British Film Institute, 2001, 322 pp.

Malcolm Le Grice, Experimental Cinema in the Digital Age, London: British Film Institute, 2001, 330 pp.
Book Review
Authors: Wheeler Douglas L
Published: October 2006

Antnio Costa Pinto (ed.), Modern Portugal (Palo Alto, CA: SPOSS [Society for Promotion of Science and Scholarship], 1998), XIII + 312pp.
Migration in Europe: Challenges To Citizenship
Authors: Baganha Maria I
Published: October 2006

The world's population is currently six billion, 80 per cent of whom live in developing areas, and 50 per cent live under the absolute poverty line. Available forecasts indicate that soon 90 per cent of all population growth will take place in these same developing areas where today
80 per cent of the world population is already concentrated. The political answer of Europe from the 1980s onwards to the demographic unbalances of the world and to the movements of escape from violence from developing regions has been an increasing closure of its borders to the inflow of
economic migrants and an extreme reluctance to take in refugees and asylum seekers. In this work I will discuss the European migratory experience and its current migratory situation. I will attribute the current situation to a marked rupture between immigrants' and refugees' individual rights
and European collective interests.
Book Reviews
Authors: Cook Manuela , Fernandes Tiago , Magone Jos
Published: October 2006

Eullia Maria Lahmeyer Lobo, Imigrao portuguesa no Brasil, So Paulo: Editora Hucitec, 2001, 367 pp., ISBN 85-271-0566-7

Nancy Bermeo and Philip Nord (eds.), Civil society before democracy: lessons from nineteenth-century Europe, New York and Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield,
2000

Lus Nuno Rodrigues, Salazar-Kennedy: a crise de uma aliana. As relaes luso-americanas entre 1961 e 1963, Lisbon: Notcias, 2002, 343 pp., ISBN 972-46-1352-6
A novel route to perovskite lead titanate from lead and titanium glycolates via the sol–gel process
Authors: Tangboriboon N. , Jamieson A. M. , Sirivat A. , Wongkasemjit S.
Published: October 2006

Pure perovskite lead titanate powder (PbTiO3) is successfully produced via the sol–gel process using lead and titanium glycolates as starting precursors and has been synthesized by the oxide one spot synthesis process. The obtained lead titanate is of the tetragonal form of the perovskite phase, with high purity and nearly zero moisture content. From high‐resolution mass spectra, the XRD technique, Raman‐FTIR and TGA‐DTA analysis, the lead–titanium glycolates undergo sol–gel transition through the formation of PbOTi bonds. From the SEM micrographs, the PbTiO3 particle shape transforms from an agglomerate sphere to a needle and fiber‐like shapes as the calcination temperature is varied above Tc. The corresponding molecular structural transformation, from the tetragonal form to the cubic form, occurs at 430 °C. The lead titanate powder calcined at 300 °C for 3 h has the highest dielectric constant and electrical conductivity values, namely 17470 and 1.83 × 10−3, respectively. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“Pincer” N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Rhodium Functionalised with Pyridyl and Bipyridyl Donors
Authors: Wright Joseph A. , Danopoulos Andreas A. , Motherwell William B. , Carroll Robert J. , Ellwood Simon , Saßmannshausen Jörg
Published: October 2006

The “pincer”‐type carbene complexes Rh(C–N–C)Cl and Rh(C–N–N)Cl [C–N–C = 3,3′‐diaryl‐1,1′‐pyridine‐2,6‐diylbis(imidazol‐2‐ylidene), C–N–N = 1‐aryl‐3‐(2,2′‐bipyridin‐6‐yl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene] have been prepared and characterised by spectroscopic and diffraction methods. They bind CO to give cationic complexes but are inert to H2. Both oxidatively add CH2Cl2 to give octahedral RhIII complexes. Theoretical calculations provide insight into the bonding of the Rh(C–N–C)Cl and Rh(C–N–N)Cl complexes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
The Relative Stabilities of 1,3‐Diphospha‐2‐silaallene and Some of Its Isomers
Authors: Pietschnig Rudolf , Orthaber Andreas
Published: October 2006

An ab initio investigation of the relative stability of 1,3‐diphospha‐2‐silaallenes (RP=Si=PR) with respect to potential isomers shows that the allene isomer is not the global minimum throughout a series of several substituents (R = H, SiH3, CH3, Ph, F) — the siladiphosphirene isomer is significantly more stable for all these substituents. The stability of the diphosphasilaallene relative to other isomers depends on the nature of the adjacent substituents. Thus, for simple carbon and silyl substituents alternative ring‐closed isomers are favored over the diphosphasilaallene, which, depending on the substituent, can show silylene or phosphasilene character. The results obtained at the DFT level are compared with those at other levels of theory for the parent system. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Cadmium(II) and Zinc(II) Coordination Polymers with 1D Ladder and 2D Basket Weave Layer Structures Constructed from a New T‐Shaped Ligand
Authors: Yong Guoping , Qiao Shu , Xie Yu , Wang Zhiyong
Published: October 2006

A novel imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridin‐2‐one ligand, 3,3‐bis(carboxymethyl)imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridin‐2‐one (H2L), was conveniently synthesized and acts as a three‐connecting T‐shaped building block. Hydrothermal treatment of the H2L ligand with Cd(ClO4)2·6H2O or Zn(ClO4)2·6H2O gives two new coordination polymers, [CdL(H2O)2]n (1) or [ZnL(H2O)]n (2). Compound 1 consists of a rare 1D ladder‐like chain and 2 is the first example of a polymer with a 2D basket weave network. Solid‐state photoluminescent analyses of 1 and 2 show that they display strong fluorescent emissions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Classical and Non‐Classical Ruthenium‐Based Anticancer Drugs: Towards Targeted Chemotherapy (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 20/2006)
Authors: Ang Wee Han , Dyson Paul J.
Published: October 2006

The cover picture shows an organoruthenium antimetastasis compound, superimposed over a Sudoku puzzle, representing the challenge of discovering new anticancer drugs and elucidating their mechanisms of action. One needs to uncover pieces of information which are interrelated, and eventually, the complete ‘picture’ is revealed. In this review, we describe the extent to which the picture has been revealed for ruthenium‐based drugs, which are currently growing in interest as a result of recent successes in clinical trials. The emphasis is directed towards classifying the vast array of ruthenium compounds already evaluated in vitro and in vivo against primary and secondary cancers within the context of their probable target. It is hoped that on the basis of the picture presented here more of this intriguing puzzle will be revealed soon. Details are presented in the Microreview by W. H. Ang and P. J. Dyson on p. 4003 ff.
A Novel Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Potentiometric Determination of Mercury(II) Ion
Authors: Mashhadizadeh Mohammad Hossein , Talakesh Mehrzad , Peste Mahnaz , Momeni Ahmad , Hamidian Houshang , Mazlum Mohammad
Published: October 2006

A new modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) based on a recently synthesized ligand of Ethyl‐2‐(benzoylamino)‐3‐(2‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐propenoate (EBHMP) as a suitable carrier for Hg2+ ion was described. The electrode exhibit a super Nernstian slope of 48.5±1.0 mV per decade for Hg2+ ion over a wide concentration range from 3.0×10−7–3.1×10−2 M. The lower detection limits are 1.0×10−7 M Hg2+. The electrode has a fast response time (ca. 5 s), a satisfactory reproducibility and relatively long life time. The proposed sensor shows a fairly good selectivity toward Hg2+ ion in comparison to other common cations. The potentiometric responses are independent of the pH of the test solution in the pH range 1.0–4.0. The proposed electrode was used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of mercuric ion with standard solution of EDTA. The direct determination of mercury in spiked wastewater and an amalgam sample gave results that compare favorably with those obtained by the cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometric method.
Simplified seismic design approach for steel portal frame piers with hysteretic dampers
Authors: Chen Zhiyi , Ge Hanbin , Kasai Akira , Usami Tsutomu
Published: October 2006

A simplified seismic design procedure for steel portal frame piers installed with hysteretic dampers is proposed, which falls into the scope of performance‐based design philosophy. The fundamental goal of this approach is to design a suite of hysteretic damping devices for existing and new bridge piers, which will assure a pre‐defined target performance against future severe earthquakes. The proposed procedure is applicable to multi‐degree‐of‐freedom systems, utilizing an equivalent single‐degree‐of‐freedom methodology with nonlinear response spectra (referred to as strength‐demanded spectra) and a set of formulae of close‐form expressions for the distribution of strength and stiffness produced in the structure by the designed hysteretic damping devices. As an illustrative example, the proposed procedure is applied to a design of a simple steel bridge pier of portal frame type with buckling‐restrained braces (one of several types of hysteretic dampers). For the steel portal frame piers, an attempt is made to utilize not only the displacement‐based index but also the strain‐based index as pre‐determined target performance at the beginning of design. To validate this procedure, dynamic inelastic time‐history analyses are performed using the general‐purpose finite element program ABAQUS. The results confirm that the proposed simplified design procedure attains the expected performance level as specified by both displacement‐based and strain‐based indices with sufficient accuracy. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing an accountability agenda with college presidents: A chancellor's view
Authors: DuBois Glenn
Published: October 2006

The chancellor of a state's community college system works with the college presidents to establish accountability for a common set of goals.
Accountability for the public trust
Authors: Wellman Jane V.
Published: October 2006

Higher education accountability has public trust dimensions that require communicating in ways the public can understand.
Laser‐assisted electron emission from CVD nano‐graphite films
Authors: Lyashenko D. A. , Obraztsova E. D. , Obraztsov A. N. , Svirko Yu. P.
Published: October 2006

We demonstrate that irradiation with nano‐second light pulses results in significant enhancement of the electron emission from nano‐graphite films. The observed emission current density is as high as 10 A/cm2 at applied field of 2 V/µm. The duration of the emission pulse depends on the applied DC voltage and laser intensity. However, in our experimental conditions, the temporal profile of the electron pulse nearly reproduces that of the incident laser pulse. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Exciton Aharonov–Bohm effect and emission kinetics in nanorings
Authors: Grochol M. , Grosse F. , Zimmermann R.
Published: October 2006

The Aharonov–Bohm effect of excitons and their relaxation kinetics are investigated within the model of semiconductor nanorings of zero width. The kinetic equations where calculated deformation potential matrix elements for an acoustic phonon scattering are used as an input are solved for the steady state. Photoluminescence quenching is observed for stronger magnetic fields when electron and hole are spatially separated. The non‐radiative decay plays a decisive role. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Temperature‐dependent self‐trapped exciton relaxation in alkali halides: molecular dynamics study
Authors: Song K. S. , Williams R. T.
Published: October 2006

New molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the relaxation of self‐trapped excitons (STE) in NaCl have been performed with a cluster size of 1055 atoms at temperatures in the range 15 K to 300 K. For the first time, significantly different relaxation end products are obtained at a given temperature depending on the choice of the intitial atomic positions and velocities. From 15 K to 65 K, either the STE or a Frenkel defect pair can be found at the end of a few picoseconds. Between 65 K and 150 K only Frenkel defects are found after the same interval. At 250 K and above, STEs and Frenkel defects are again both found as end products after a few picoseconds, presumably as a result of large amplitude atomic motions which hinder the coherent process to be discussed. Within a limited statistical basis, it has been possible to estimate a defect formation rate, which peaks around 100 K. The result is interpreted as an indication of stochastic resonance. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Degeneracy of confined D‐dimensional harmonic oscillator
Authors: Montgomery H. E. , Aquino N. A. , Sen K. D.
Published: October 2006

Using the mathematical properties of the confluent hypergeometric functions, the conditions for the incidental, simultaneous, and interdimensional degeneracy of the confined D‐dimensional (D > 1) harmonic oscillator energy levels are derived, assuming that the isotropic confinement is defined by an infinite potential well and a finite radius Rc. Very accurate energy eigenvalues are obtained numerically by finding the roots of the confluent hypergeometric functions that confirm the degeneracy conditions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Anomalously warm July 2005 in the northern California Current: Historical context and the significance of cumulative wind stress
Authors: Pierce Stephen D. , Barth John A. , Thomas Rebecca E. , Fleischer Guy W.
Published: October 2006

In the northern California Current, the onset of the 2005 upwelling season was five weeks later than usual, and well‐established upwelling with a cold surface signature did not occur until about seven weeks after this. As part of the joint US‐Canada Pacific hake survey, from 14–16 July 2005 we occupied the Newport Hydrographic line at 44.65°N, from the Oregon coast to 83 km offshore. Instead of the cold surface layer expected in July, we observed anomalously warm water. For example, 10‐m temperature at the shelf station NH‐5 was the warmest ever recorded in July at this location: 6.2°C above average, with observations back to 1961. We explore the pivotal role played by cumulative (time‐integrated) wind forcing in the development of upwelling, in both 2005 and previous years. We find that 80% of July surface layer (0–30 m) interannual temperature variance can be explained by cumulative upwelling index from the spring transition.
Local angular momentum–local impact parameter analysis: Derivation and properties of the fundamental identity, with applications to the F+H2, H+D2, and Cl+HCl chemical reactions
Authors: Monks P. D. D. , Xiahou Chengkui , Connor J. N. L.
Published: October 2006

The technique of local angular momentum–local impact parameter (LAM-LIP) analysis has recently been shown to provide valuable dynamical information on the angular scattering of chemical reactions under semiclassical conditions. The LAM-LIP technique exploits a nearside-farside (NF) decomposition of the scattering amplitude, which is assumed to be a Legendre partial wave series. In this paper, we derive the “fundamental NF LAM identity,” which relates the full LAM to the NF LAMs (there is a similar identity for the LIP case). Two derivations are presented. The first uses complex variable techniques, while the second exploits an analogy between the motion of the scattering amplitude in the Argand plane with changing angle and the classical mechanical motion of a particle in a plane with changing time. Alternative forms of the fundamental LAM-LIP identity are described, one of which gives rise to a CLAM-CLIP plot, where CLAM denotes (Crosssection)×LAM and CLIP denotes (Crosssection)×LIP. Applications of the NF LAM theory, together with CLAM plots, are reported for state-to-state transitions of the benchmark reactions F+H2→FH+H, H+D2→HD+D, and Cl+HCl→ClH+Cl, using as input both numerical and parametrized scattering matrix elements. We use the fundamental LAM identity to explain the important empirical observation that a NF cross section analysis and a NF LAM analysis provide consistent (and complementary) information on the dynamics of chemical reactions.
Visible bremsstrahlung tomographic diagnostic for the pulsed high density field-reversed configuration experiment
Authors: Gota H. , Andreason S. P. , Votroubek G. R. , Pihl C. J. , Slough J. T.
Published: October 2006

A diagnostic suite for the source section of the pulsed high density field-reversed configuration (FRC) experiment has been constructed to investigate the equilibrium and stability of FRC plasmas. In particular, a visible bremsstrahlung tomographic system has been designed and implemented. Three types of tomographic analyses for FRCs are performed: a Fourier fit method (Cormack-Granetz), a maximum entropy method, and a minimum Fisher method utilizing code developed for the TCV tokamak experiment in Switzerland [Anton et al., Plasma Phys. Controled Fusion 38, 1849 (1996)]. Results from the different methods and end-on imaging from the fast-framing camera are compared showing relative agreement of FRC internal structures between all measurements.
Enhanced selectivity and yield in multichannel photodissociation reactions: Application to CH3I
Authors: Thanopulos Ioannis , Shapiro Moshe
Published: October 2006

We develop a method to improve the population transfer and final-channel control of multichannel photodissociation reactions. The method is applied to the photodissociation of methyl iodide, CH3(v)+I*(P1∕22)←CH3I→CH3(v)+I(P3∕22). Our method is based on simultaneously exciting many two-photon pathways that lead to the same final outcome, each proceeding via a different intermediate bound state. The selectivity of the final product state(s) is a result of coherently controlled interference between the quantum pathways. The improvement in the population transfer yield from the ground state to the selected dissociative channel(s) is made possible by executing the process in an adiabatic fashion.
Removable singularities for solutions of coupled Yang-Mills-Dirac equations
Authors: Li Wei
Published: October 2006

We prove a removable singularity theorem for solutions of coupled Yang-Mills-Dirac equations on compact four-dimensional manifolds. We show that a field satisfying the coupled equations with a point singularity is gauge equivalent to a smooth field if the energy functional is finite. The hypotheses are very natural. Only conformally invariant conditions are placed on force field and particle field interacting with the force field. It is noticeable that there is no assumption on the derivative of the particle field.
Feedback Mach-Zehnder resonator with “reflector:” Analysis and applications in single frequency fiber lasers
Authors: Srivastava Shailesh , Gopal Ram , Sai Sivasankara , Srinivasan Krishnamurthy
Published: October 2006

The authors propose a resonant loop mirror configuration using two couplers and a weak reflecting element in the feedback arm. The analysis is carried out using the signal flow graph method. Narrow band reflection peaks can be produced using a wide choice of parameters. A Vernier effect in the two loops can lead to a tenfold increase in the free spectral range. These properties make the device more versatile than the earlier studied single coupler resonator with “reflector” and enhance its use in single frequency lasing.
Genetic susceptibility to rheumatic heart disease and streptococcal pharyngitis: association with HLA‐DR alleles
Authors: Haydardedeoğlu F. E. , Tutkak H. , Köse K. , Düzgün N.
Published: October 2006

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a systemic inflammatory disease that develops as a consequence of an exaggerated immune response to group A β‐haemolytic streptococci, which causes pharyngitis. Major manifestations of ARF include carditis, arthritis and chorea. Several investigators have attempted to establish a relation between ARF and human leucocyte antigens (HLA). Heterogeneity in various studies has been found, although associations with certain antigens were reported. The aim of this study was to analyse whether HLA‐DR alleles play a role in the resistance or susceptibility to streptococci‐related disorders including rheumatic heart disease (RHD) as a sequela of ARF and recurrent streptococcal pharyngitis in Turkish patients. The study included 102 patients with RHD, 71 persons with recurrent streptococcal pharyngitis and 130 healthy controls. HLA‐DR alleles were typed by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–sequence‐specific primers. Positive association with HLA‐DRB1*07 allele was found for RHD when compared with healthy controls [29.4% vs 13.1%; P < 0.01, P‐corrected: P < 0.01, odds ratio (OR) 2.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43–5.26] and also for recurrent streptococcal pharyngitis (26.8% vs 13.1%; P < 0.05, P‐corrected: P < 0.05, OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.17–3.56). The frequency of HLA‐DRB1*11 allele was decreased in patients with RHD (23.5% vs 42.3%; P < 0.01, P‐corrected: P < 0.01, OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.24–0.75). Data suggest that HLA‐DRB1*07 allele may be a genetic factor in increasing the susceptibility to develop RHD and recurrent streptococcal pharyngitis. HLA‐DRB1*11 allele seems to be a protective factor against RHD.
The PediSedate® device, a novel approach to pediatric sedation that provides distraction and inhaled nitrous oxide: clinical evaluation in a large case series
Authors: DENMAN WILLIAM T. , TUASON PACIFICO M. , AHMED MOHAMMED I. , BRENNEN LORALIE M. , SOLEDAD CEPEDA M. , CARR DANIEL B.
Published: October 2006

Background:  Pediatric sedation is of paramount importance but can be challenging. Fear and anticipatory anxiety before invasive procedures often lead to uncooperativeness. A novel device (PediSedate®) provides sedation through a combination of inhaled nitrous oxide and distraction (video game). We evaluated the acceptability and safety of the PediSedate® device in children.

Methods:  We enrolled children between 3 and 9 years old who were scheduled to undergo surgical procedures that required general inhalational anesthesia. After the device was applied, he/she played a video game while listening to the audio portion of the game through the earphones. Nitrous oxide in oxygen was administered via the nasal piece of the headset starting at 50% and increasing to 70%, in 10% increments every 8 min. Treatment failures, vital signs, arterial oxygen saturation, depth of sedation, airway patency, side effects, acceptance of the device and parental satisfaction were all evaluated.

Results:  Of 100 children included, treatment failure occurred in 18% mainly because of poor tolerance of the device. At least 96% of the children who completed the study exhibited an excellent degree of sedation, 22% had side effects, and none experienced serious airway obstruction. Nausea and vomiting were the most common side effects and no patients had hemodynamic instability.

Conclusions:  The PediSedate® device combines nonpharmacologic with pharmacologic methods of sedation. Most of the children we evaluated were able to tolerate the PediSedate® device and achieved an adequate degree of sedation.
ACETYL‐ AND BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY OF SELECTED BRAIN AREAS IN DEVELOPING RATS AFTER NEONATAL X‐IRRADIATION*
Authors: Maletta Gabe J. , Timiras Paola S.
Published: October 2006

Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in sensori‐motor cortex, hypothalamus, cerebellum, and brain stem were compared in normally developing Long‐Evans rats and after neonatal whole‐body exposure to 450 r X‐radiation. Enzyme activities were measured on three postnatal days: day 10, when brain is still immature; day 24, when it has reached functional and morphological maturity; and day 64, after sexual maturation. In controls, acetylcholinesterase and butyrycholinesterase activities increased with age in all areas, especially between 10 and 24 days; e.g., in sensori‐motor cortex acetylcholinesterase activity increased 60 per cent from 10 to 24 days and 12 per cent from 24 to 64 days. At all ages acetylcholinesterase activity was highest in the brain stern, followed in decreasing order by the hypothalamus, cerebellum, and sensori‐motor cortex. Butyrylcholinesterase activity was higher in subcortical than in cortical areas. In neonatally irradiated rats, acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly decreased in the ontogenetically newer structures at 10, but not at 64, days; in the hypothalamus, it remained normal at 10 days but was significantly decreased at 24 and 64 days. Butyrylcholinesterase activity was significantly decreased in some areas 1 week after radiation but returned to normal at 24 days. Total esterase activity in whole blood was signtficantly decreased at 10 days in irradiated rats but returned to control levels by the end of the experiment. The greatest post‐radiation decline in acetylcholinesterase activity (60 per cent below controls) did not result in spontaneous gross behaviour alterations, but may be related to disturbances in functional brain maturation evidenced by specific tests. If the role of acetycholine as a central neurotransmitter is accepted, these data suggest that radiation alters acetycholine/acetylcholinesterase ratios and thereby cholinergie synaptic transmission.
CONTROL OF GLYCOGEN LEVELS IN BRAIN1
Authors: Nelson S. R. , Schulz D. W. , Passonneau Janet V. , Lowry O. H.
Published: October 2006

Abstract— Prolonged (6 hr) anaesthesia with phenobarbital in mice or rats results in a doubling or tripling of brain glycogen. Increases were also observed if high levels of plasma glucose were maintained for 6 hr. In alloxan diabetes brain glycogen was not elevated in spite of the high plasma glucose concentrations. However, administration of insulin to such diabetic animals, together with enough glucose to maintain high plasma levels, resulted in at least a doubling of brain glycogen in 6 hr. Phenobarbital can still increase brain glycogen in diabetic animals.

In all of the conditions associated with increased glycogen deposition, increases were found in the ratio of brain glucose to plasma glucose. Cerebral glucose‐6‐P levels were also increased whereas there were no substantial changes in levels of UDP‐glucose or glucose‐1,6‐diphosphate.
2′,3′‐CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE 3′‐PHOSPHOHYDROLASE IN THE DEVELOPING CHICK BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
Authors: Kurihara T. , Tsukada Y.
Published: October 2006

Abstract— Developmental changes of the 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphohydrolase activity in the chick brain and spinal cord are reported. The greater part of increase in enzyme activity occurred between 18 days of incubation and 3 days after hatching in the whole brain, and between 18 and 21 days of incubation in the spinal cord. These periods are those of active myelination in the chick brain and spinal cord, respectively. The possibility was emphasized that 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphohydrolase can be used as a marker for the myelin sheaths in the developing central nervous system. Comparisons were also made among the developmental changes in the forebrain, midbrain, brain stem, cerebellum, and spinal cord.