bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Mixed Motives of Unaccompanied Child Migrants from Central America's Northern Triangle
Authors: Lorenzen Matthew
Published: August 2018

A growing body of literature has argued that the distinction between forced and voluntary migration can be, in practice, unclear. This literature points out that each individual migrant may have mixed motives for migrating, including both forced and voluntary reasons. Few studies, however, have actually set out to analyze mixed-motive migration.

This paper examines the mixed-motive migration of unaccompanied minors from Central America's Northern Triangle states (Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador), using data from a small 2016 survey carried out in 10 shelters for unaccompanied child migrants run by a Mexican government child welfare agency. Using this survey, the paper identifies the immigrating minor's motives, which are oftentimes mixed, and details differences by nationality, gender, and age groups. Some of the key findings include:

• Around one-third of the child migrants surveyed had mixed motives, including both forced and voluntary reasons for migrating.

• Violence appears most often as a reason for migrating among minors with mixed motives, as opposed to the search for better opportunities, which appears more often as an exclusive motive.

• Significant differences between the three nationalities are observed. Relatively few Guatemalan minors indicated violence as a motive, and few displayed mixed motives, as opposed to Hondurans, and especially Salvadorans.

• The minors fleeing violence, searching for better opportunities, and indicating both motives at the same time were largely mature male adolescents.

• The minors mentioning family reunification as their sole motive were predominantly girls and young children.

The results indicate that binary formulations regarding forced and voluntary migration are often inadequate. This has important implications, briefly addressed in the conclusions. These implications include:

• the need for migration scholars to consider forced reasons for migrating in the context of mixed-motive migration;

• the fact that mixed motives call into question the established, clear-cut categories that determine whether someone is worthy of humanitarian protection or not;

• the need to have in-depth, attentive, and individual asylum screening because motives may be interconnected and entangled, and because forced reasons may be hidden behind voluntary motives; and

• the need for a more flexible policy approach, so that immigration systems may be more inclusive of migrants with mixed motives.
DHS Overestimates Visa Overstays for 2016; Overstay Population Growth near Zero during the Year
Authors: Warren Robert
Published: August 2018

For years, noncitizens who fail to abide by the terms of their nonimmigrant (temporary) visas were not widely recognized as major contributors to the US undocumented population. Yet since 2005, the ratio of overstays to illegal entries across the border has increased rapidly as the number of border crossings dropped to 1970s levels. As a result, the inflow of overstays has exceeded border crossers for nearly a decade. These developments highlight the importance of accurate and timely estimates of overstays.

In 2017, the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) released a report, Fiscal Year 2016 Entry/Exit Overstay Report, showing estimates of overstays, by country, for the 50.4 million nonimmigrants admitted in fiscal year 2016 (DHS 2017). At the end of the fiscal year, DHS had not verified the departure of 628,799 nonimmigrants.1

The Center for Migration Studies (CMS) compared the DHS overstay estimates to CMS's estimates of the number of undocumented residents that arrived in the past few years. Data were available to make the comparisons for 133 countries; these countries account for 99 percent of all overstays. The major findings include the following:

• For 90 of the 133 countries, the DHS and CMS estimates differ by less than 2,000, and the correlation between the estimates for those 90 countries is .97, which indicates a very close mutual relationship.

• The DHS estimates of overstays for Canada are far too high.

• The DHS estimates greatly exceed the CMS estimates for about 30 countries, half of them participants in the US Visa Waiver Program (VWP).2

• Slightly more than half of the 628,799 reported to be overstays by DHS actually left the country but their departures were not recorded.

• After adjusting the DHS estimates to take account of unrecorded departures, as well as departures in 2016 of overstays that lived here in 2015, overstay population growth was near zero in 2016.

• Thus, while overstays account for a large percentage of the newly undocumented, they represent less than half (44 percent) of the overall undocumented population, and they are less likely than illegal border crossers to be long-term residents.

• The country-specific figures shown here should help DHS focus its efforts on improving the verification of departures of temporary visitors.

• Finally, these comparisons indicate that the DHS estimates do not provide a sound basis for making decisions about admission to, or continuation in, the VWP.
Investigating Science Education Effect Sizes: Implications for Power Analyses and Programmatic Decisions
Authors: Taylor Joseph A. , Kowalski Susan M. , Polanin Joshua R. , Askinas Karen , Stuhlsatz Molly A. M. , Wilson Christopher D. , Tipton Elizabeth , Wilson Sandra Jo
Published: August 2018

A priori power analyses allow researchers to estimate the number of participants needed to detect the effects of an intervention. However, power analyses are only as valid as the parameter estimates used. One such parameter, the expected effect size, can vary greatly depending on several study characteristics, including the nature of the intervention, developer of the outcome measure, and age of the participants. Researchers should understand this variation when designing studies. Our meta-analysis examines the relationship between science education intervention effect sizes and a host of study characteristics, allowing primary researchers to access better estimates of effect sizes for a priori power analyses. The results of this meta-analysis also support programmatic decisions by setting realistic expectations about the typical magnitude of impacts for science education interventions.
A Relational Perspective on Social Support Between Bereaved and Their Networks After Terror: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Dyregrov Kari , Kristensen Pål , Dyregrov Atle
Published: August 2018

The aim of this study is to increase the understanding of social network support after traumatic deaths and, by demonstrating the complexities of such encounters, to highlight whether such support may be totally beneficial. A phenomenological dynamic and relational perspective was applied to 22 in-depth interviews with parents bereaved as a result of the 2011 terror attack in Norway. Three main themes were identified in respect of interactional support processes: (a) valued support, (b) stressful experiences, and (c) interactive barriers. As well as describing the value of experienced support, the article also elaborates on the effect of lacking, avoidant, and inept support. The findings show that insecure communication and a nonmatching understanding of time and emotional overload can form interactive barriers between the bereaved and their networks. By better understanding the relational regulation processes inherent in social support we may provide informed advice to both the bereaved and their networks to maximize recovery.
Pursuing the Mission: How Homeless Veterans Manage Chronic Disease
Authors: Weber Jillian , Lee Rebecca C. , Martsolf Donna
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this study was to describe and explain the process by which homeless veterans manage their chronic health problems. In the United States, over 550,000 people experience homelessness on any given night. Of these, over 11% are veterans of the military, many whom suffer from at least one chronic disease. Study participants included male homeless veterans with at least one chronic health problem recruited at a Veterans Affairs emergency department, a homeless shelter, and a soup kitchen. Semi-structured interviews with 32 veterans from the Vietnam/post-Vietnam era were audio-recorded, verified, and coded resulting in a theory entitled “pursuing the mission,” which describes and explains four ways (deferring, exploring, embarking, embracing) they manage their chronic health problems. The findings from this study provide insight from individuals living this experience and will help guide the future delivery of health care to homeless veterans.
A multi-scale analysis of 27,000 urban street networks: Every US city, town, urbanized area, and Zillow neighborhood
Authors: Boeing Geoff
Published: August 2018

OpenStreetMap offers a valuable source of worldwide geospatial data useful to urban researchers. This study uses the OSMnx software to automatically download and analyze 27,000 US street networks from OpenStreetMap at metropolitan, municipal, and neighborhood scales—namely, every US city and town, census urbanized area, and Zillow-defined neighborhood. It presents empirical findings on US urban form and street network characteristics, emphasizing measures relevant to graph theory, transportation, urban design, and morphology such as structure, connectedness, density, centrality, and resilience. In the past, street network data acquisition and processing have been challenging and ad hoc. This study illustrates the use of OSMnx and OpenStreetMap to consistently conduct street network analysis with extremely large sample sizes, with clearly defined network definitions and extents for reproducibility, and using nonplanar, directed graphs. These street networks and measures data have been shared in a public repository for other researchers to use.
Los Angeles noise array—Planning and design lessons from a noise sensing network
Authors: Offenhuber Dietmar , Auinger Sam , Seitinger Susanne , Muijs Remco
Published: August 2018

The interaction between environmental noise and the built environment is an often-neglected area in the practice of urban planning and design. Most quantitative research is limited to single value loudness metrics and ignores the more complex spatial nuances of the noisescape. Qualitative soundscape research, on the other hand, is difficult to generalize to the urban scale. We report on an exploratory noise sensing project in Los Angeles, CA that investigates both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the noisescape. Using an experimental array of noise sensors mounted on city street lights, we collected preliminary data that demonstrate the promising and revealing nature of spatially and temporally granular urban sound data. By analyzing sounds in various frequency bands at different resolutions, we investigate how aspects of urban design such as landscaping, material choice, and building typologies impact the sonic environment. Our results reveal the spatio-temporal structure of low-frequency noise in traffic-exposed areas; a phenomenon not captured by traditional A-weighted decibel metrics. Based on these results, we present a model predicting noise based on historic traffic data. These results provide insights for future methods that can be applied to long-term policymaking and planning decisions.
Book Review: K. Purushotham, Gita Ramaswamy and Gogu Shyamala, Eds., The Oxford India Anthology of Telugu Dalit Writing
Authors: Chaubey Ajay K.
Published: August 2018

K. Purushotham, Gita Ramaswamy and Gogu Shyamala, eds., The Oxford India Anthology of Telugu Dalit Writing. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2016, ₹995, 348 pp., ISBN: 0-19-946062-0.
Projects and Networks: Understanding Resource Flows and Governance of Temporary Organizations with Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods
Authors: Steen John , DeFillippi Robert , Sydow Jörg , Pryke Stephen , Michelfelder Ingo
Published: August 2018

Project-based organizing is becoming increasingly common, but projects are challenging for managers because they must coordinate resources, including people and information, under time pressure to achieve a one-off outcome. In this article, we suggest that a network lens is ideal for researching project coordination because it enables the interested party to study the flows of resources and the structures that allow the project to be effectively governed. Both qualitative and quantitative, including graph-theoretic methods for analyzing networks are suitable for examining project network governance and network resource flows. However, governance tends to be studied more with qualitative methods, and resource flows are more commonly researched with social network analysis. The article concludes with considerations regarding multi-method approaches to the study of project networks.
Self-Organizing Networks in Complex Infrastructure Projects
Authors: Pryke Stephen , Badi Sulafa , Almadhoob Huda , Soundararaj Balamurugan , Addyman Simon
Published: August 2018

While significant importance is given to establishing formal organizational and contractual hierarchies, existing project management techniques neglect the management of self-organizing networks in large-infrastructure projects. We offer a case-specific illustration of self-organization using network theory as an investigative lens. The findings have shown that these networks exhibit a high degree of sparseness, short path lengths, and clustering in dense “functional” communities around highly connected actors, thus demonstrating the small-world topology observed in diverse real-world self-organized networks. The study underlines the need for these non-contractual functions and roles to be identified and sponsored, allowing the self-organizing network the space and capacity to evolve.
Project Networks as Constellations for Value Creation
Authors: Laursen Markus
Published: August 2018

Through an empirical study of two inter-organizational project networks in a cultural setting, this article explores how value is created in project networks. The article discusses recent theoretical developments that suggest linking value constellations and project networks. The findings focus on how value is created; this is done through identifying four key value creation activities: developing infrastructure, creating knowledge, changing minds, and managing for value capture. In light of this, two value constellations are suggested, and the service-dominant logic is applied for developing a conceptual model of value creation in project networks, including theoretical and practical implications.
Mineralogy and geochemical features of Foumban clay deposits (west Cameroon): genesis and potential applications
Authors: Nkalih Mefire A. , Yongue Fouateu R. , Njoya A. , Mache J.R. , Pilate P. , Hatert F. , Fagel N.
Published: August 2018

Five clay deposits in Foumban, west Cameroon, were studied for their morphological, mineralogical and geochemical properties to determine their suitability for ceramics. The clays were examined with X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, thermal gravimetric analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Field studies showed that a homogeneous clayey layer occurs at the upper part of the laterite cover of the interfluves, while the valleys are occupied by a clayey heterogeneous hydromorphic material. The clays are composed of kaolinite, illite, smectite and chlorite, associated with quartz, K-feldspars, plagioclase, goethite, traces of rutile and hematite. Geochemical analyses of these samples show a relatively large amount of SiO2(45–71%), Al2O3(14–31%) and relatively little Fe2O3(up to 11%), suggesting weathering of mainly granitic and rhyolitic parent rocks. The majority of these clays may be used in the production of structural ceramics such as bricks (refractory or not) and tiles. The relatively high proportion of the alkalis (K2O + Na2O; 6–8%) in some samples from Marom and Njindare areas might be responsible for the low firing temperatures. The abundance of smectite limits the application of some Koutaba and Marom clays for structural ceramics, while the high Fe2O3contents (>8%) in some Bangourain clays indicate that some pre-treatment might be necessary prior to use.
A multi-center nested case-control study on hospitalization costs and length of stay due to healthcare-associated infection
Authors: Lü Yu , Cai Min Hong , Cheng Jian , Zou Kun , Xiang Qian , Wu Jia Yu , Wei Dao Qiong , Zhou Zhong Hua , Wang Hui , Wang Chen , Chen Jing
Published: August 2018

Background

In 2018, the Chinese government demanded nationwide implementation of medical insurance payment methods based on Single-Disease Payment (SDP), but during the operation process the medical insurance system did not fully consider the extra economic burden caused by healthcare-associated infection (HAI). HAIs can prolong the length of stay and increase the hospitalization costs, but only a few studies have been conducted in Sichuan province, China. We evaluated the hospitalization costs and length of stay due to HAI in Sichuan province based on the prevalence survey, and provided data reference for China’s medical insurance reform.

Methods

In the hospitals surveyed on the prevalence of HAI, a multi-center nested case-control study was performed by a paired method. The study period was from 6 September 2016 to 30 November 2016. Binary outcomes were tested using χ2 test, continuous outcomes were tested using Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test, intra-group comparisons were tested using multiple linear regression analysis.

Results

A total of 225 pairs/450 patients were selected in 51 hospitals, and 170 pairs/350 patients were successfully matched. The case fatality rate was 5.14% for the HAIs patients and 3.43% for non-HAs patients, there was no significant difference (χ2 = 0.627, P = 0.429); the median length of stay in patients with HAIs was 21 days, longer than that of patients with non-HAI 16 days, the median of the difference between matched-pairs was 5 days, the difference was statistically significant (Z = 4.896, P = 0.000). The median hospitalization costs of patients with HAI were €1732.83, higher than that of patients with non-HAI €1095.29, the median of the difference between matched-pairs were €431.34, the difference was statistically significant (Z = 6.413, P = 0.000). Multiple linear regression results showed that HAIs at different sites have caused different economic burdens, but in different economic regions, the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

In Sichuan, the hospitalization costs and length of stay caused by HAI should be given special attention in the current medical insurance reform. The proportion and scope of medical payment for patients with HAI at different sites should be different. Efforts need to be taken to incentivize reduction of HAI rates which will reduce hospitalization costs and length of stay.
Attainment of Functional and Social Independence in Adult Survivors of Pediatric CNS Tumors: A Report From the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study
Authors: Brinkman Tara M. , Ness Kirsten K. , Li Zhenghong , Huang I-Chan , Krull Kevin R. , Gajjar Amar , Merchant Thomas E. , Klosky James L. , Partin Robyn E. , Tonning Olsson Ingrid , Boop Frederick , Klimo Paul , Chemaitilly Wassim , Khan Raja B. , Srivastava Deokumar , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M. , Armstrong Gregory T.
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Beyond survival, achieving independence is a primary goal for adult survivors of pediatric CNS tumors. However, the prevalence of and risk factors for failure to achieve independence, assessed with multiple concurrent indicators, have not been examined.

Patients and Methods

Functional and social independence was assessed in 306 survivors (astrocytoma [n = 130], medulloblastoma [n = 77], ependymoma [n = 36], and other [n = 63]; median current age, 25.3 years [range, 18.9 to 53.1 years]; time since diagnosis, 16.8 years [range, 10.6 to 41.8 years]). Six observed indicators were used to identify latent classes of independence, which included employment, living independently, assistance with personal care, assistance with routine needs, obtaining a driver’s license, and marital status. Physical performance impairments were defined as scores < 10th percentile on measures of aerobic capacity, strength, flexibility, balance, mobility, and adaptive function. Multinomial logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated for associations of disease/treatment exposures and impairments in physical performance with nonindependence.

Results

Three classes of independence were identified as independent (40%), moderately independent (34%), and nonindependent (26%). In multivariable models, craniospinal irradiation (OR, 4.20; 95% CI, 1.69 to 10.44) and younger age at diagnosis (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.35) were associated with risk of nonindependence versus independence. Beyond impaired IQ, limitations in aerobic capacity (OR, 5.47; 95% CI, 1.78 to 16.76), flexibility (OR, 3.66; 95% CI, 1.11 to 12.03), and adaptive physical function (OR, 11.54; 95% CI, 3.57 to 37.27) were associated with nonindependence versus independence. Nonindependent survivors reported reduced physical but not mental health-related quality of life compared with independent survivors.

Conclusion

Sixty percent of survivors of pediatric CNS tumors do not achieve complete independence as adults. Reduction in intensity of primary therapies and interventions that target physical performance and adaptive deficits may help survivors to achieve greater independence.
Como recuperar a credibilidade
Authors: Silva Neto Belmiro Ribeiro da
Published: August 2018

O ideal é evitar as crises de imagem, mas, como isso nem sempre é possível, as organizações precisam ter um plano de gestão para conseguir se recompor o mais rápido possível.
Eleições eliminam corruptos e maus gestores?
Authors: Arvate Paulo , Mittlaender Sergio
Published: August 2018

Como o político que “rouba, mas faz” tem a chance de continuar na vida pública, a saída é bloquear a sua candidatura.
Does gonorrhoea screening intensity play a role in the early selection of antimicrobial resistance in men who have sex with men (MSM)? A comparative study of Belgium and the United Kingdom
Authors: Kenyon Chris R. , De Baetselier Irith , Crucitti Tania
Published: August 2018

Background: It is unclear why antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States has tended to first appear in men who have sex with men (MSM). We hypothesize that increased exposure to antimicrobials from intensive STI screening programmes plays a role.

Methods: We assess if there is a difference in the distribution of azithromycin, cefixime and ceftriaxone minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) between MSM and women in the United Kingdom (UK) where 70% of MSM report STI screening in the past year vs. Belgium where 9% report STI screening in the past year. Our hypothesis is that MICs of the MSM should be higher than those of the women in the UK but not Belgium. Data for the MICs were taken from the Gonococcal Resistance to Antimicrobials Surveillance Programme (GRASP) in the UK in 2010/2011 and 2014 and a similar national surveillance programme in Belgium in 2013/2014 (the first most complete available data). We used the Mann–Whitney test to compare the MIC distributions between MSM and women within each country

Results: In the UK the MICs for all three antimicrobials were significantly higher in MSM than women at both time points (P all <0.0005). In Belgium only the MIC distribution for azithromycin was higher in MSM (P<0.0005).

Conclusion: The findings for cefixime and ceftriaxone, but not azithromycin are compatible with our hypothesis that screening-intensity could contribute to the emergence of AMR. Numerous other interpretations of our results are discussed.
Proposed classification for interproximal contacts of primary molars using CBCT: a pilot study
Authors: Kirthiga M. , Muthu M. S. , Kayalvizhi G. , Krithika C.
Published: August 2018

Background: Contact areas in primary teeth are known to be broader, flatter, and situated more gingivally than in permanent teeth. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the different types of intact contact areas in primary teeth using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) among children.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed with 74 contacts from 28 existing CBCT images of patients aged between 3 and 14 years, obtained from the Indian Dental Education Academy, Chennai, India. The shape of the contact area was observed at three levels, the coronal, middle, and apical thirds, in three different sections of CBCT. The weighted Cohen’s kappa values for inter-examiner reliability was 0.893 at baseline. Prevalence of the types of contact areas was expressed in the form of numbers and percentages.

Results: Results exhibited four different types of contact areas between the primary molars, namely, O type, X type, I type, and S type, based on the shapes observed; hence, the proposed classification is referred to as OXIS. The most common pattern seen was I (66.2%), followed by X (21.6%), O (9.4%) and the least common was S (2.7%).

Conclusion: The three-dimensional evaluation of intact interproximal contact areas between primary molars are of four types.
Can the governance paradigm survive the rise of populism?
Authors: Stoker Gerry
Published: August 2018

The governance paradigm has provided a dominant way of thinking about how to govern and found reflection in practice with the increased use of partnerships, networks and markets to deliver public services and programmes. The emergence of populism as a political force, however, calls into question the thinking behind the governance paradigm and some of its favoured tools for governing. Populism sees the task of governing in very different terms to that of the advocates and practitioners of governance. This article explores the populist challenge to governance. It shows that gaps in its analysis of a changed environment left the governance paradigm potentially open to populist attack. It explores how the governance paradigm might adapt to survive by developing either a more technical or a political dynamic to its presentation.
Is it time to give up on evidence-based policy? Four answers
Authors: French Richard D
Published: August 2018

Based on a systematic analysis of nearly 400 publications, this review article identifies four contrasting perspectives on evidence-based policy (EBP). One school of thought advocates reinforcing demands that governments pay more attention to research. A second perspective argues for the reform of the relationships between researchers and policy-makers. A third emphasises the need to reinvent formal procedures that govern the generation and use of evidence. The fourth rejects the possibility that research can simultaneously meet disciplinary standards and meaningfully address the needs of policy-makers. The paper concludes that to respond to the challenges facing EBP, researchers must develop a more realistic grasp of the task environment in which ministers and senior officials operate, reject naïve but prevalent assumptions about the level of analytical rationality in government, and recognise that direct and sustained engagement with policy-makers may not be compatible with career advancement in academia.
Sistem Pemantau Gas di Tempat Pembuangan Sampah Akhir Berbasis Internet of Things
Authors: Rachman Fathur Zaini
Published: August 2018

This research developed a gas monitoring system in the final waste disposal. The system has implemented the Internet of Things (IoT) using the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module to transmit methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) data concentration, as well as temperature and humidity to the ThingSpeak server. Users can monitor and access these environmental data through social media Twitter and websites from anywhere. The fastest data delivery can be obtained with a time interval of 16 seconds on each data packet sent when there is an Internet connection.
MEMBANGUN MODEL IDEAL PENGAWASAN NOTARIS
Authors: Siti Mariyam Yulies Tiena Masriani Haryati
Published: August 2018

Profession of notary is concerned with technical issues to implement their legal profession proportionally. The notary often fails to competently perform his or her duties as known “malpractice”. Of course, this threatens professional dignity and infringes code of ethic and law. Therefore, the supervision of notary should administer and control the standard operating procedure stipulated in Act of Notary in order to protect the dignity of profession. This article gives a concept to build the supervision effectively in a good system as evaluation to serve the society as good as possible by the notaryProfesi notaris secara langsung terkait dengan isu-isu teknik untuk mengimplementasikan profesi hukumnya secara proporsional. Notaris sering gagal untuk melaksanakan tugasnya dikenal sebagai “malpraktik”. Tentunya, hal ini mengancam kehormatan profesi dan melanggar Kode Etik dan Hukum. Oleh sebab itu, pengawasan notaris seharusnya mengatur dan mengontrol standarisasi prosedur pelaksanaan ditetapkan oleh Undang-Undang Notaris untuk melindungi kehormatan profesi. Tulisan ini memberikan suatu konsep untuk membangun pengawasan secara efektif dalam suatu sistem yang baik sebagai evaluasi untuk melayani masyarakat oleh notaris sebaik mungkin
DAMPAK POLITIK HUKUM PERTANAHAN YANG BELUM BERPERSPEKTIF HAM BAGI MASYARAKAT HUKUM ADAT
Authors: Perbawati Candra
Published: August 2018

Legal politic national land affairs law in exixtence already have HAM perspective, but in implementation wasn't have HAM perspective yet, which encourage the writer to revealed both background and reconstructed property right of tradition law society land. Why property right law politic concerning tradition law society land of Mesuji wasn't have HAM perspective yet, whether legal politic of property right concerning land which wasn't based on HAM perpective concerning property right protection on Mesuji tradition law society land, was two problematic within this article. This research was aimed to found argumentation of how property right of tradition society land which wasn't based on HAM perspective yet, revealed social reality related to the effect presence related to legal politic of land property right that wasn't have HAM perspective yet. Research result was expected could give contribution concerning protection understanding of property right on tradition law society land that have HAM perspectivePolitik hukum pertanahan nasional dalam eksistensinya sudah berperspektif HAM, namun dalam implementasinya belum berperspektif HAM, sehingga masyarakat hukum adat (Mesuji) terabaikan.Mengapa politik hukum hak milik atas tanah masyarakat hukum adat  Mesuji belum berperspektif HAM, apakah dampak politik hukum hak milik atas tanah yang belum berperspektif HAM terhadap perlindungan hak milik atas tanah masyarakat hukum  adat Mesuji, adalah dua problematik dalam penulisan artikel ini. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk menemukan argumentasi mengapa hukum hak milik atas tanah masyarakat hukum adat belum berperspektif HAM, mengungkap realitas sosial terkait dengan dampak yang timbul berkaitan dengan politik hukum hak milik atas tanah yang belum berperspektif HAM.Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi  terhadap pemahaman perlindungan hak milik atas tanah masyarakat hukum adat yang berperspektif HAM
The Current Challenges for EU Company and Financial Law and Regulation
Authors: Autenne Alexia , Biondi Yuri , Cavalier Georges , Cotiga-Raccah Andra , Doralt Peter , Haslam Colin , Horak Hana , Malberti Corrado , Philippe Denis , Sergakis Konstantinos , Schmidt Jessica
Published: August 2018

European company and financial law and regulation have been evolving over time along with business and financial practices. The resulting ‘social licence’ established by company and financial law and regulation aimed to balance the granted privileges of limited liability and share transferability with the corporate social contribution to economic development and employment. Recent transformations driven by shareholder value and financialisation have been challenging this balance of interests between stakeholders (including employees and shareholders) and society. The EU institutional framework may respond to these challenges by reaffirming the centrality of the enterprise as a going concern. On this basis, corporate accountability and responsibility may be enforced to make ongoing corporate affairs accountable and responsible for their contribution to economy and society. Ongoing corporate capacity to cope with social and environmental responsibilities may be assured along with the fair and sustainable remuneration of stakeholders, including shareholding investors, and a fair tax contribution. The EU institutional design and policy mix may be organised to respond to this comprehensive set of corporate dimensions. Here the most relevant fields to be reconsidered include: enterprise groups and corporate social responsibility; financial reporting and transparency; financial investment and asset management.
On certain equations in semiprime rings and standard operator algebras
Authors: Rehman Nadeem ur
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this paper is to prove the following result which is related to a classical result of Chernoff. Let X be a real or complex Banach space, let

{\mathcal{L}(X)}

be the algebra of all bounded linear operators of X into itself and let

{\mathcal{A}(X)\subset\mathcal{L}(X)}

be a standard operator algebra. Suppose there exist linear mappings

{\mathcal{H},\mathcal{G}\colon\mathcal{A(X)}\to\mathcal{L(X)}}

satisfying the relations

\displaystyle\mathcal{H}(\mathcal{A}^{m+n})=\mathcal{H}(\mathcal{A}^{m})%
\mathcal{A}^{n}+\mathcal{A}^{m}\mathcal{G}(\mathcal{A}^{n}),

\displaystyle\mathcal{G}(\mathcal{A}^{m+n})=\mathcal{G}(\mathcal{A}^{m})%
\mathcal{A}^{n}+\mathcal{A}^{m}\mathcal{H}(\mathcal{A}^{n})

for all

{\mathcal{A}\in\mathcal{A(X)}}

and some fixed integers

{m,n\geq 1}

. Then there exists

{\mathcal{B}\in\mathcal{L(X)}}

, such that

{\mathcal{H(A)}=\mathcal{AB}-\mathcal{BA}}

for all

{\mathcal{A}\in\mathcal{F(X)}}

, where

{\mathcal{F(X)}}

denotes the ideal of all finite rank operators in

{\mathcal{L}(X)}

, and

{\mathcal{H}(\mathcal{A}^{m})=\mathcal{A}^{m}\mathcal{B}-\mathcal{B}\mathcal{A%
}^{m}}

for all

{\mathcal{A}\in\mathcal{A(X)}}

.
Das UrhWissG und seine Auswirkungen auf die bibliothekarische Arbeit
Authors: Katzenberger-Schmelcher Ruth , Kieselstein Jana
Published: August 2018

Das Urheberrechts-Wissensgesellschafts-Gesetz

Im Folgenden UrhWissG; BGBl. I 2017, 3346.

ist seit 01.03.2018 in Kraft – Zeit für eine erste Zwischenbilanz. Schon mit dem Bundestagsbeschluss vom 30.06.2017 wurde überlegt, wie sich die neuen Regelungen in der bibliothekarischen Arbeit umsetzen lassen; zu welchen Veränderungen im bibliothekarischen Alltag sie führen und welche Möglichkeiten sie für die bibliothekarischen Dienstleistungen eröffnen. Welche konkreten Folgen die Reform für die bibliothekarische Praxis hat, ist Gegenstand dieser Abhandlung.
Retrodigitalisierung zur Erhaltung von wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Inhalten – ein Praxisbericht der ZBW Kiel / Hamburg
Authors: Zarnitz Monika
Published: August 2018

Die ZBW nimmt die überregionale Literaturversorgung für ihr Fach wahr und macht die Inhalte aus ihrem Bestand dauerhaft verfügbar. Ca. 475.000 gedruckte Werke aus den Erscheinungsjahren 1840–1990 ihres Bestandes, die vom Zerfall bedroht sind, werden für eine Sicherungsmaßnahme ausgewählt. Die ZBW digitalisiert diese Publikationen und stellt sie im Open Access zur Verfügung. Die Retrodigitalisate werden digital langzeitarchiviert. Eine Originalerhaltung ist für einen besonders hervorgehobenen Teil dieser Bestände vorgesehen. In diesem Beitrag wird das Konzept vorgestellt und über erste Erfahrungen mit der Retrodigitalisierung berichtet.
Representations of love in the early stages of love
Authors: Lukšík Ivan , Guillaume Michaela
Published: August 2018

Love, especially romantic and partnership love, has been a legitimate research theme in social science since the mid-twentieth century. In the research less attention is paid to how personal conceptions of love are formed within specific sociocultural contexts. One question that emerges in relation to social representations theory is: how are ideas about love, or knowledge of love, re-presented among particular social groups and which sociocultural resources are used in the process? In our questionnaire-based research we ascertained which perceptions, ideas and knowledge are prevalent among young people who are gaining their first experiences of partner relationships, what they consider love to be in their own context and what knowledge they have of love. The questionnaire was completed by 268 higher education students, who provided 38 representations of love, based on personal experience and linked to sociocultural sources of love.
What does it mean “being chilled”? mental well-being as viewed by Slovak adolescent boys
Authors: Balážová Miroslava , Uhrecký Branislav
Published: August 2018

In adaptive development, mental well-being has a role to play in adolescents’ search in adolescents’ niche in life and the formation of a separate identity. Although this has been an area of interest in a number of disciplines, there remains ambiguity over our understanding of terms such as quality of life, life satisfaction, and mental well-being. Our aim was to employ an interpretative phenomenological analysis to find out how adolescent boys perceive the concept of mental well-being and ascertain what helps them and stops them from “feeling chilled”. The data was obtained from a sample of 26 secondary school students who attended one of four focus groups. We found that they achieved a kind of escape from the world of social roles through performing activities like physical exercise or driving a vehicle, while searching for a sense of latitude and potency and attempting to reduce tension. Thus there is a clear distinction between what they desire and what is expected of them. Hanging out and “chilling” with their peer group seemed to be an important part of relationship formation, while close dyadic relationships were less significant. To a certain degree, the results of this study contradict conventional notions of happiness and mental well-being found in mainstream psychology.
Testing SCM questionnaire instructions using cognitive interviews
Authors: Popper Miroslav , Kollárová Veronika
Published: August 2018

The aim of the research was to find out whether participants completing an SCM questionnaire to assess attitudes towards the Roma would give different answers in response to different sets of instructions. Three sets of instructions were tested using cognitive interviews: answer from your personal viewpoint, from the viewpoint of the majority of Slovaks, from the viewpoint of those close to you. The research sample comprised 24 respondents, of whom 12 were upper secondary school students and 12 working adults. Responses from the personal viewpoint differed markedly from responses from the viewpoint of the majority of Slovaks, but were very similar to responses from the viewpoint of those close to the person. In the research, internal and external motivation to respond with/without prejudice was also investigated. Participants with internalised unbiased beliefs showed a preference for assessing the Roma minority from their own viewpoint, while participants with internalised biased beliefs thought the instructions were unimportant.
Nussbaum’s philosophy of education as the foundation for human development
Authors: Gluchman Vasil
Published: August 2018

The author of the paper investigates Martha C. Nussbaum’s philosophical concept of education in which education is considered key to all human development. In the first part, the author focuses on some of the more interesting ideas in Nussbaum’s philosophy of education regarding the growth, development and improvement of the individual, community, society, nation, country and humankind. The second part is a critical exploration of the individual in education, looking specifically at the general development of humankind and the shaping of abstract cosmopolitan world citizens, which are the main political goals of Nussbaum’s philosophy of education.
Role of Fe(III) and Oxalic Acid in the photo-Fenton System for 3-Methylphenol Degradation in Aqueous Solution under Natural and Artificial Light
Authors: Seraghni N. , Dekkiche B.A , Belattar S. , Debbache N. , Sehili T.
Published: August 2018

The Fenton process has been widely studied in the treatment of wastewater but unfortunately this process can only work under acidic pH conditions. To overcome these disadvantages, the Fenton modified by adding chelating agents such as oxalic acid (Ferrioxalate complex (Fe(III)Ox) since its high solubility in aqueous media can broaden the available pH range of the Fenton reaction to near neutral pH. In this study, The photooxidation efficiencies of 3-methylphenol (3MP) catalyzed by Fe(III) and oxalic acid was investigated. The results show that the photodegradation Of 3MP is slow in the presence of Fe(III) or oxalic acid alone. However, it is markedly enhanced when Fe(III)Ox complex coexist. The concentration of the complex is optimized to the ratio ([Fe(III)Ox] = 3/12). Fe(III)Ox plays a positive role in the photo-Fenton system, especially at higher

pH = 5.5. Oxygen is essential to the formation of oxidative species and, as a consequence, for the pollutant degradation. Additionally, the use of tertio-butanol as a scavenger confirmed the intervention of
.
OH in the 3MP photodegradation. 3MP degradation mechanisms have been elucidated and photoproducts are identified by comparison with authentic products. To get closer to the environmental conditions, the effect of main elements present naturally in the aquatic ecosystem such as humic substances and bicarbonates was examined. The photodegradation of 3MP through Fe(III)Ox system under solar light was significantly accelerated in comparison with artificial irradiation at 365 nm. Measuring chemical oxygen demand (COD) leads to mineralization which decreases the toxicity of 3MP solution. This work also demonstrates that this system is an encouraging method for the treatment of organic pollutants in the natural environment.
Implementation of Single-Phase Two-Switch Midpoint Unidirectional Multilevel Converter System
Authors: Roy Peethala Rajiv , Parthiban P. , Chitti Babu B.
Published: August 2018

This paper deals with implementation of a single-phase three level converter system under low voltage condition. The frequency of the switches is made constant and involves change in ${t_{on}}$ and ${t_{off}}$ duration. For this condition the pulse width modulation control scheme for a single phase three level rectifier is developed to improve the power quality. The hysteresis current control technique is adopted to bring forth three-level PWM on the dc side of the bridge rectifier and to achieve high power factor and low harmonic distortion. Based on the proposed control scheme, the line current is driven to follow the sinusoidal current command which is in phase with the supply voltage. By using three-level voltage pattern the blocking voltage of each power device is clamped to half of the dc link voltage. The simulation and experimental results of 20W converter under low input voltage condition are shown to verify the circuit performance. Open loop simulation and hardware tests are implemented by applying a low voltage of 15 V(rms) on the input side.
Maxmize the House Roof PV Solar Output by Using Maximum Power Point Box (MPPB)
Authors: Nassereddine Mohamad , Nagrial Mahmood , Rizk Jamal , Hellany Ali
Published: August 2018

Renewable energy is becoming an essential element when it comes to climate change greenhouse issues. To aid in reducing the CO2 emission into the environment, numerous governments support individual investments in solar system on their residential rooftop. A set of regulations were established by the local utilities to control and manage the input energy power into the grid from the rooftop-installed solar system. One of the main regulation is the maximum allowable size of the single-phase solar inverter. The solar inverter size has direct impact on the maximum PV panels installed on the house rooftop, which control the house maximum electrical output power. In addition, the solar panels are solidly fixed on the house roof, which doesn’t allow to track the sun energy during the day. This also reduces the house output power during a nominal period throughout the day. The study in this paper introduces the maximum power point box that allow the house owner to maximize the output energy during the morning, midday and afternoon period without the need to upgrade the inverter or the single phase system for the house. Also the proposal allows for more efficient building integration between solar panels and building design, which reduces the cost of the proposed system. Case study is also included.
Generalizing Baer’s norm
Authors: Lewis Mark L. , Zarrin M.
Published: August 2018

Let G be a group and n a positive integer. We define

B
n

⁢

(
G
)

{B_{n}(G)}

to be the intersection of the normalizers of all the non-n-subnormal subgroups of G. We give a new characterization for nilpotent groups in terms of a series defined via

B
n

⁢

(
G
)

{B_{n}(G)}

.
Estimation of the hardness of the learning with errors problem with a restricted number of samples
Authors: Bindel Nina , Buchmann Johannes , Göpfert Florian , Schmidt Markus
Published: August 2018

The Learning With Errors (LWE) problem is one of the most important hardness
assumptions lattice-based constructions base their security on. In 2015,
Albrecht, Player and Scott presented the
software tool LWE-Estimator to estimate the hardness of concrete LWE
instances, making the choice of parameters for lattice-based primitives easier
and better comparable.
To give lower bounds on the hardness, it is assumed that
each algorithm has given the corresponding optimal number of samples. However,
this is not the case for many cryptographic applications.
In this work
we first analyze the hardness of LWE instances given a restricted number of
samples. For this, we describe LWE solvers from the literature and estimate
their runtime considering a limited number of samples.
Based on our theoretical results we extend the LWE-Estimator.
Furthermore, we evaluate LWE instances proposed for cryptographic schemes
and show the impact of restricting the number of available samples.
To Overcome the Effects of Self-Phase Modulation in Single-Tone RoF System by Employing SSP Compensation Technique
Authors: Kathpal Namita , Garg Amit Kumar
Published: August 2018

Self-Phase Modulation affects the performance of Radio over Fiber (RoF) system by inducing spectral broadening of the transmitted pulse and thereby produces dispersion. This paper analyses the effects of SPM on optical pulse propagating through the fiber and proposed a SSP (symmetrical-symmetrical-post) compensation technique to overcome the effects of SPM in single-tone RoF system. The simulation results reveal that the pulse broadening due to SPM is reduced by utilizing SSP compensation technique in the transmission channel as it provides a 2 dB increase in OSNR as compared to the conventional compensation technique. The proposed technique provides an optimum result at a bit rate of 40 Gbps and launched power of 10 mW over a transmission distance of 400 km for mitigating SPM effects.
Crystal structure of [4-chloro-2-(((2-((3-ethoxy-2-oxidobenzylidene)amino)phenyl)imino)(phenyl)methyl)phenolato-κ4
N,N′,O,O′}nickel(II) - ethyl acetate (1/1), C32H29ClN2NiO5
Authors: Hong Yong , Liu Wei , Gou Gaozhang
Published: August 2018

C32H29ClN2NiO5, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.7657(5) Å, b = 10.1262(6) Å, c = 16.0745(9) Å, α = 83.025(2)°, β = 77.437(2)°, γ = 66.240(2)°, V = 1419.02(14) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0403, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0908, T = 293(2) K.