bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative investigations of immune response of calves at different intervals between primary and secondary immunization using inactivated bovine herpes virus 1 vaccine
Authors: Bugarski Dejan , Petrovic T. , Bobos S. , Milanov Dubravka , Orlic D. , Radinovic M , Lazic S.
Published: May 2013

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is one of the most siginificant causes of
infections of the respiratory tract of cattle and immunoprophylaxis has a key
role in curbing this infection. The intensity of the immune response against
BHV-1 following immunization using inactivated commercial vaccines varies
depending on the type of vaccine, but it is generally believed that they
provide good protection from the development of the clinical form of the
infection, and that they are safe. The paper present the development of the
humoral immune response in fattening calves that were immunized against
bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) at different time intervals between the primary
and the secondary immunization. Calves were administered a commercial
vaccine, and then they were divided into two groups which were revaccinated
on days 14 or 21. Over a course of the 120 days of the duration of the
experiment, blood and nasal mucus were sampled 11 times. The blood serum
samples were examined for antibodies to BHV-1 using the virus neutralization
(VN) test, and the nasal mucus samples were analyzed using the VN test and
the ELISA method. Following revaccination, it was established that there was
an increase in the antibody titer in blood of all experimental animals, and
it was maintained at a high level up until the very end of the experiment
(day 120). In the blood serums, maximum mean values for the antibody titer
were determined on day 30 in the group that was revaccinated on day 14, and
on day 45 in the group of calves revaccinated on day 21. In nasal mucus,
antibodies were established at the earliest, using the virus neutralization
test, on day 14 following vaccination, and using the ELISA method only after
revaccination. The highest antibody titer in nasal mucus was established on
day 45 in the group revaccinated on day 21, and on day 120 in the group
revaccinated on day 14. Based on the established antibody titer values,
calves can be revaccinated using the inactivated BHV-1 vaccine already on day
14.
Significance of pH-value for meat quality of broilers: Influence of breed lines
Authors: Ristic M. , Damme K.
Published: May 2013

For determination of poultry quality shortly after slaughtering, physical
criteria (pH-value, conductivity, colour, juice retention) are of importance.
However, they are affected by breeding, transport, cooling and the storage
period. PH-values of breast meat (genetically structured material) were
recorded shortly after slaughtering (15 min p.m.) and differences between
breeding line and gender were found (n=5109). The pH1-values ranged from 5.50
to 6.79. Male broilers showed significantly lower pH1-values than female ones
(6.02:6.10). There were also significant differences concerning breeding line
and gender. Meat quality (PSE, DFD) of broilers can be recorded quickly and
accurately determining the pH1-value of breast meat. Threshold ranges to be
considered are ? 5.8 (PSE), 5.9-6.2 (standard meat properties) and ? 6.3
(DFD). This classification is not to be compared to the deviation of pork.
Recovery From Overt Type 1 Diabetes Ensues When Immune Tolerance and β-Cell Formation Are Coupled With Regeneration of Endothelial Cells in the Pancreatic Islets
Authors: Wan Xiaoxiao , Guloglu F. Betul , VanMorlan Amie M. , Rowland Linda M. , Zaghouani Sarah , Cascio Jason A. , Dhakal Mermagya , Hoeman Christine M. , Zaghouani Habib
Published: May 2013

Immune modulation of pancreatic inflammation induces recovery from type 1 diabetes (T1D), but remission was not durable, perhaps because of an inability to sustain the formation and function of new pancreatic β-cells. We have previously shown that Ig-GAD2, carrying GAD 206–220 peptide, induced in hyperglycemic mice immune modulation that was able to control pancreatic inflammation, stimulate β-cell regeneration, and prevent T1D progression. Herein, we show that the same Ig-GAD2 regimen given to mice with overt T1D was unable to reverse the course of disease despite eradication of Th1 and Th17 cells from the pancreas. However, the regimen was able to sustain recovery from T1D when Ig-GAD2 was accompanied with transfer of bone marrow (BM) cells from healthy donors. Interestingly, alongside immune modulation, there was concomitant formation of new β-cells and endothelial cells (ECs) in the pancreas. The new β-cells were of host origin while the donor BM cells gave rise to the ECs. Moreover, transfer of purified BM endothelial progenitors instead of whole BM cells sustained both β-cell and EC formation and reversal of diabetes. Thus, overcoming T1D requires both immune modulation and repair of the islet vascular niche to preserve newly formed β-cells.
Dual Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor α/δ Agonist GFT505 Improves Hepatic and Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity in Abdominally Obese Subjects
Authors: Cariou Bertrand , Hanf Rémy , Lambert-Porcheron Stéphanie , Zaïr Yassine , Sauvinet Valérie , Noël Benoit , Flet Laurent , Vidal Hubert , Staels Bart , Laville Martine
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE

The development of new insulin sensitizers is an unmet need for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. We investigated the effect of GFT505, a dual peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR)-α/δ agonist, on peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Twenty-two abdominally obese insulin-resistant males (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance >3) were randomly assigned in a randomized crossover study to subsequent 8-week treatment periods with GFT505 (80 mg/day) or placebo, followed by a two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic insulin clamp with a glucose tracer to calculate endogenous glucose production (EGP). The primary end point was the improvement in glucose infusion rate (GIR). Gene expression analysis was performed on skeletal muscle biopsy specimens.

RESULTS

GFT505 improved peripheral insulin sensitivity, with a 21% (P = 0.048) increase of the GIR at the second insulin infusion period. GFT505 also enhanced hepatic insulin sensitivity, with a 44% (P = 0.006) increase of insulin suppression of EGP at the first insulin infusion period. Insulin-suppressed plasma free fatty acid concentrations were significantly reduced on GFT505 treatment (0.21 ± 0.07 vs. 0.27 ± 0.11 mmol/L; P = 0.006). Neither PPARα nor PPARδ target genes were induced in skeletal muscle, suggesting a liver-targeted action of GFT505. GFT505 significantly reduced fasting plasma triglycerides (−21%; P = 0.003) and LDL cholesterol (−13%; P = 0.0006), as well as liver enzyme concentrations (γ-glutamyltranspeptidase: −30.4%, P = 0.003; alanine aminotransferase: −20.5%, P = 0.004). There was no safety concern or any indication of PPARγ activation with GFT505.

CONCLUSIONS

The dual PPARα/δ agonist GFT505 is a liver-targeted insulin-sensitizer that is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Repeatability and reproducibility of measurements obtained via two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography of the left atrium and time-left atrial area curve analysis in healthy dogs
Authors: Osuga Tatsuyuki , Nakamura Kensuke , Lim Sue Yee , Tamura Yu , Kumara Wickramasekara Rajapakshage Bandula , Murakami Masahiro , Sasaki Noboru , Morishita Keitaro , Ohta Hiroshi , Yamasaki Masahiro , Takiguchi Mitsuyoshi
Published: May 2013

Objective—To evaluate left atrial phasic function in healthy dogs by means of 2-D speckle tracking echocardiography with time-left atrial area curve analysis and to assess repeatability and reproducibility of obtained measurements.

Animals—6 healthy Beagles.

Procedures—Each dog underwent echocardiography twice on different days (3 nonconsecutive examinations/d). Images were analyzed with offline software; area of the left atrium was automatically calculated in each frame throughout the cardiac cycle to derive time-left atrial area curves. Variables used to assess left atrial phasic function (total, passive, and active emptying area and emptying fractions and mean active and total emptying rates) were calculated. Agreement between variables measured via speckle tracking echocardiography and a manual tracing method was assessed with modified Bland-Altman analysis. Within-day and between-day coefficients of variation were determined.

Results—Mean ± SD total, passive, and active emptying fractions of the left atrium were 49.8 ± 3.5%, 277 ± 4.0%, and 30.5 ± 4.3%, respectively. Mean ± SD total and active emptying rates were 16.0 ± 2.5 cm2/s and 25.1 ± 4.9 cm2/s, respectively. Within-day and between-day coefficients of variation were < 20% (range, 0.41% to 16.4%) for all variables except mean active emptying rate (between-day coefficient of variation, 29.2%). Agreement between variables measured via speckle tracking echocardiography and the manual tracing method was good, and differences between methods were nonsignificant.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Evaluation of left atrial phasic function via speckle tracking echocardiography was feasible; repeatability and reproducibility of measurements were adequate in healthy dogs. Studies are needed to determine clinical applicability in canine patients.
Evaluation of esophageal high-resolution manometry in awake and sedated dogs
Authors: Kempf Jennifer , Heinrich Henriette , Reusch Claudia E. , Kook Peter H.
Published: May 2013

Objective—To evaluate the use of high-resolution manometry (HRM) in awake and sedated dogs and to assess potential effects of a standard sedation protocol.

Animals—22 Beagles.

Procedures—An HRM catheter with 36 pressure sensors was inserted intranasally in each dog. After an adaption period of 5 minutes, each set of measurements included 5 swallows of a liquid and 5 swallows of a solid bolus. Measurements were repeated 30 minutes after IM administration of buprenorphine and acepromazine.

Results—HRM was successfully performed in 14 dogs. Data sets of 8 dogs were adequate for analysis. For the upper esophageal sphincter, median values of baseline pressure, residual pressure, relaxation time to nadir, and relaxation duration were determined for awake and sedated dogs for liquid and solid swallows. For the tubular portion of the esophagus, median values of peristaltic contractile integral, bolus transit time, and contractile front velocity were determined for awake and sedated dogs for liquid and solid swallows. For the lower esophageal sphincter, median values of baseline pressure and residual pressure were determined for awake and sedated dogs for liquid and solid swallows. Significant differences (awake vs sedated) were found for the upper esophageal sphincter residual pressure (liquid swallows), relaxation time to nadir (liquid swallows), bolus transit time (solid swallows), and contractile front velocity (solid swallows).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—HRM was feasible for evaluation of esophageal function in most awake dogs. Although sedation in uncooperative patients may minimally influence results of some variables, an overall assessment of swallowing should be possible.
Telemetric analysis of breathing pattern variability in recurrent airway obstruction (heaves)-affeeted horses
Authors: Behan Ashley L. , Hauptman Joe G. , Robinson N. Edward
Published: May 2013

Objective—To use noninvasive respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) to investigate differences in breathing patterns between horses with and without recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) during the onset of airway obstruction induced through confinement to stables.

Animals—12 horses with no history or clinical signs of respiratory disease (control horses) and 7 RAO-affected horses.

Procedures—The study involved 2 phases. In phase 1, the optimal position of RIP bands for recording pulmonary function was investigated in 12 control horses. In phase 2, 7 RAO-affected and 7 control horses were confined to stables. Respiratory inductance plethysmography bands were applied to horses for 24 h/d to record respiratory rate and total displacement in 4-hour periods for 7 days or until RAO-affected horses developed signs of severe RAO that persisted for 2 consecutive days. Lung function was measured once daily.

Results—In phase 1, thoracic and abdominal cavity displacements were best represented by RIP bands positioned at intercostal spaces 6 and 17, respectively. In phase 2, pulmonary function indicated airway obstruction in the RAO-affected group on the final 2 days of stable confinement. Respiratory rate and total degree of respiratory displacement measured by RIP did not differ between the RAO-affected and control groups, but the SDs of these decreased significantly within 8 hours after stable confinement began in RAO-affected horses. Respiratory inductance plethysmography and pulmonary function findings became highly correlated as severity of disease progressed.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The decrease in the SDs of RIP measurements indicated a lower degree of variability in breathing patterns of RAO-affected horses. This loss of variability may provide an early indicator of airway inflammation.
Tobacco Use and Nicotine Dependence among Conflict-Affected Men in the Republic of Georgia
Authors: Roberts Bayard , Chikovani Ivdity , Makhashvili Nino , Patel Vikram , McKee Martin
Published: May 2013

Background: There is very little evidence globally on tobacco use and nicotine dependence among civilian populations affected by armed conflict, despite key vulnerability factors related to elevated mental disorders and socio-economic stressors. The study aim was to describe patterns of smoking and nicotine dependence among conflict-affected civilian men in the Republic of Georgia and associations with mental disorders. Methods: A cross-sectional household survey using multistage random sampling was conducted in late 2011 among conflict-affected populations in Georgia. Respondents included in this paper were 1,248 men aged ≥18 years who were internally displaced persons (IDPs) and former IDPs who had returned in their home areas. Outcomes of current tobacco use, heavy use (≥20 cigarettes per day), and nicotine dependence (using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence) were used. PTSD, depression, anxiety and hazardous alcohol use were also measured, along with exposure to traumatic events and a range of demographic and socio-economic characteristics. Results: Of 1,248 men, 592 (47.4%) smoked and 70.9% of current smokers were heavy smokers. The mean nicotine dependence score was 5.0 and the proportion with high nicotine dependence (≥6) was 41.4%. In multivariate regression analyses, nicotine dependence was significantly associated with PTSD (β 0.74) and depression (β 0.85), along with older age (except 65+ years), and being a returnee (compared to IDPs). Conclusions: The study reveals very high levels of heavy smoking and nicotine dependence among conflict-affected persons in Georgia. The associations between nicotine dependence, PTSD and depression suggest interventions could yield synergistic benefits.
Editorial of the Special Issue: Signaling Molecules and Signal Transduction in Cells
Authors: Schlossmann Jens
Published: May 2013

In the special issue “Signaling Molecules and Signal Transduction in Cells” authors were invited to submit papers regarding important and novel aspects of extra- and intracellular signaling which have implications on physiological and pathophysiological processes. These aspects included compounds which are involved in these processes, elucidation of signaling pathways, as well as novel techniques for the analysis of signaling pathways. In response, various novel and important topics are elucidated in this special issue.
Self-Association of Okadaic Acid: Structural and Pharmacological Significance
Authors: Cruz Patricia , Norte Manuel , Creus Alberto , Fernández José , Daranas Antonio
Published: May 2013

Okadaic acid (OA) has been an invaluable pharmacological tool in the study of cellular signaling. The great affinity of this polyether for its targets together with its high specificity to inhibit certain protein phosphatases enables the differential study of these proteins. Crystallographic structures of protein phosphatases in complex with OA show a 1:1 protein to toxin ratio. Nevertheless, it has been found that OA is able to self-associate under certain conditions although very little is known about the importance of this phenomenon. Here we review the available knowledge on the latter topic and we report on the existence of an unusual self-associated tetrameric form. The structure of these oligomers is proposed based on spectroscopic data and molecular modeling calculations.
A Description of the European Pharmacy Education and Training Quality Assurance Project
Authors: Atkinson Jeffrey , Rombaut Bart , Pozo Antonio , Rekkas Dimitrios , Veski Peep , Hirvonen Jouni , Bozic Borut , Skowron Agnieska , Mircioiu Constantin
Published: May 2013

The European Union directive on sectoral professions emphasizes the fact that pharmacists working in member states should possess the competences required for their professional practice; the directive does not, however, describe such competences in detail. The “Quality Assurance in European Pharmacy Education and Training—PHAR-QA” consortium, funded by the European Union, will define such competences and establish a quality assurance system based on them. This will facilitate the tuning of the pharmacy education and training required to produce competent pharmacists in the different member states. PHAR-QA will (1) establish a network of participating pharmacy departments, (2) survey existing quality assurance systems used, and (3) develop competences through iterative interaction with partners. The European Association of Faculties of Pharmacy will use the harmonized competences produced as a basis for the creation of a quality assurance agency for European pharmacy education and training. PHAR-QA will impact on staff and students of European departments; the final stake-holder will be the European patient who will benefit from better pharmaceutical services and better medications.
Development of a Low Mobility IEEE 802.15.4 Compliant VANET System for Urban Environments
Authors: Nazabal Juan , Falcone Francisco , Fernández-Valdivielso Carlos , Matías Ignacio
Published: May 2013

The use of Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) is growing nowadays and it includes both roadside-to-vehicle communication (RVC) and inter-vehicle communication (IVC). The purpose of VANETs is to exchange useful information between vehicles and the roadside infrastructures for making an intelligent use of them. There are several possible applications for this technology like: emergency warning system for vehicles, cooperative adaptive cruise control or collision avoidance, among others. The objective of this work is to develop a VANET prototype system for urban environments using IEEE 802.15.4 compliant devices. Simulation-based values of the estimated signal strength and radio link quality values are obtained and compared with measurements in outdoor conditions to validate an implemented VANET system. The results confirm the possibility of implementing low cost vehicular communication networks operating at moderate vehicular speeds.
“Not Really a Musical Instrument?” Locating the Gumleaf as Acoustic Actant and Environmental Icon
Authors: Ryan Robin
Published: May 2013

Leaf instruments have occupied a post-European contact role in constituting Australian societal networks, and their epistemologies reflect native/exotic binaries in the species selected by Indigenous and non-Indigenous musicians respectively. Accordingly, this essay examines some musical applications of native plant populations in the construction of arboreally-based cultural heritages and social traditions in the southeastern Aboriginal societies. In a broad characterisation of the practices of Indigenous leaf players (“leafists”), it extends the actor-network framework of “reaching out to a plant” established by John C. Ryan in 2012. When leafists play tunes on plants—either at their own source, or on leaves intentionally plucked for performance—music furnishes an intimate and vital part of their reflection to and from the nonhuman world. The author conceptualises eucalypt leaf instruments (“gumleaves”) as actants and iconic sensors of place, providing further evidence for their role as conduits between land and people in some cultural blendings and positionings with art, drama, and poetry. This interrogation of confluences between musicians and Australian land and plants works towards more nuanced understandings of the complex interlinked systems of music, ecology, nature, and societies.
The Role of Health Care Providers in Recognizing and Reporting Elder Abuse
Authors: Hess Sheena
Published: May 2013

The incidence of abuse cases in older adults is on the rise. Health care providers play an important role in recognizing and reporting abuse, the first step of which is to prepare themselves with knowledge regarding abuse. This consists of knowing the risk factors and signs and symptoms of abuse and how to report it. Of equal importance is knowledge of ethical implications, legalities, and ways to prevent elder abuse. Health care providers must take advantage of their unique roles to assess for mistreatment as well as to spread knowledge on recognizing, reporting, and preventing elder abuse.
Mejoras en la construcción de camisas de cilindro de motores de combustión interna ciclo diesel
Authors: Martínez-Pérez F. , Barroso-Moreno A.
Published: May 2013

El análisis del sistema tribológico pistón-segmentos-cilindro durante el funcionamiento de un motor de combustión, permitió valorar las características, mediante el empleo de métodos de ingeniería usados en el mundo, para calcular las tasas de desgaste y otros parámetros resultantes en cada uno de los componentes del sistema antes mencionado. Se definió la camisa de cilindro, como elemento fundamental de los usados en el sistema tribológico y se analizaron las características metalográficas predominantes en su construcción actual de aleaciones de hierro fundido gris con matriz perlítica, lo que permitió proponer una nueva aleación con matriz bainítica que brindara una mayor resistencia al desgaste. Para demostrar el rendimiento de este nuevo producto propuesto se llevó a cabo una técnica experimental basada en el ensayo dinamométrico de un motor de combustión interna ciclo diesel Scania de 150 kW, sometido a plena carga durante 500 h con 30 % de crecimiento de potencia. Posterior a la prueba, las camisas de cilindro fueron dimensionadas simultáneamente con los segmentos y pistones y como resultado se observó que el material propuesto con una aleación de matriz bainítica tuvo una mejor respuesta al desgaste en comparación con el material de matriz perlítica, inclusive con una mejor estabilidad dimensional. Los segmentos de pistones tuvieron un desgaste similar en ambos materiales. Las conclusiones del trabajo muestran los detalles de los resultados alcanzados durante la investigación.
Research on Measurement and Control System of Eccentric Mechanism Based on the Well Trajectory Control Tool
Authors: Feng Ding , Wang Jia Wei , Zhang Hong , Wang Peng , Liu Xu Hui
Published: May 2013

Eccentric mechanism is the core of the high deflecting well trajectory control tools, the control and measurement accuracy of the eccentric mechanism decides the accuracy of the whole tool. In this paper, on the basis of the eccentric mechanism’s principle, developed a set of method and apparatus to measure the space location of the internal and external eccentric ring and control the rotation angle by using Hall sensors and electromagnetic clutch device, so that could measure and control the bending direction and offset size accurately. Additionally, the paper analyzed Underground-Ground interactive communication interface and encoding rules, completing a real-time monitoring closed loop drilling system.
Hydrodynamic Simulation for Intake Valve of Reciprocating Compressor
Authors: Qin Zhang , Zhang Man Lai , Zhou Zhi Hong
Published: May 2013

The aim of the present paper is to simulate the work process of intake valve in reciprocating compressor.To understand the flow, temperature characters and valve plate movement, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used to simulate the process of expansion and suction. In each time step, the fluid motion equation is iteratively solved to obtain the pressure distribution on the valve plate, and the valve plate moving can been determined by solving the valve plate motion equation at the end of time step. The simulation result shows the pressure and temperature field is uniform in cylinder during compressor expansion, but very different in suction process. The valve plate opens from 53.2° to 219.5°, which is well consistent with the theoretical calculation results (56°, 220°). This study identifies that CFD is a valid tool for exactly investigating the flow and valve plate movement.
Experimental Study on Gas Pressure Effects on Gas Desorption Characteristic of Coal Seam
Authors: Dai Lin Chao , Lu Da Yong , Liu Zhen
Published: May 2013

To further explore the impact of gas pressure on gas desorption and flowing law, the gas desorption experimental system designed autonomously is used to carry out studies on gas desorption experiment under different gas pressures. By data fitting, the relationship between gas desorption quantity and time is obtained and also established the model for gas desorption. The results show that: the gas desorption quantity curves is "The first half rises sharply, the latter half segment is gently rising and eventually becomes stabilized", and when the gas adsorption equilibrium pressure is the greater, the gas desorption amount is greater. And the formula can describe the gas desorption law well, the correlation coefficient R2 is above 0.97. The study provides an important theory reference to coal and gas outburst prediction, coal seam gas content prediction and its exploitation and utilization.
Numerical Simulation Research on Locations Optimization of Horizontal Well to Exploit Remaining Oil of Lateral Accretion Interbed after Polymerflooding
Authors: Chen Tao Ping , Jiang Chao , Wang Li Li
Published: May 2013

Conceptual models of lateral accretion interbed (the point bar lateral sandbody model contains three lateral accretion interbed .And the lateral accretion interbeds extends to two-thirds of reservoir thickness)is builded making use of numerical simulation software Eclipse. The effect of injection water on water drive recovery is analysised. The location of remaining oil enrichment is also determined. Horizontal well is placed in remaining oil enrichment and its vertical direction and horizontal hole section are optimization. Horizontal well and vertical well are combined to exploit residual oil. Results indicates that: Injectiong water in the direction of lateral accretion interbed can obtain higher water drive recovery than in the opposite direction. The closer to top the horizontal well is , the greater recovery enhancement values is.Horizontal hole section starts from the location of four-fifths of lateral sandbody I left and terminats nine-tenths of lateral sandbody III, where the recovery is highest. Horizontal well is placed after vertiacal well injecting polymer in which recovery can increase 9.8%. According to numerical simulation optimization results, we have made a physical model with lateral accretion interbeds to do experiments. Numerical simulation results agree with experimental results. Hence horizontal and vertical well uinting together can exploit the remaining oil of lateral accretion interbed effectively .
Kinetics of Atmospheric Acid Leaching of a Limonitic Laterite
Authors: Liu Kui , Liu Xi
Published: May 2013

A limonitic nickel laterite was leached by sulfuric acid at atmospheric pressure. Kinetics of leaching within the temperature range of 75-100°C was studied. The leaching kinetics followed the shrinking core model. The diffusion through the liquid film could be negligible under the agitation speed of 600rpm or above. Surface chemical reaction was the rate-controlling step. The semi-empirical kinetic equation was determined and the activation energy was 52.843kJ/mol.
The Design of Granary Storage Monitoring Node Based on Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Qiao Chang Fu , Yin Shou Yi , Ling Li , Cheng Ren Jun , Xu Chang Liang , Wang Jun
Published: May 2013

Wireless sensor networks can real-time sense, acquire and process the environmental information. Based on the research of the sensor node in grain storage temperature monitoring, the hardware circuit of the node is designed. And according to the feature of DS18B20 , multi-point temperature acquisition of grain storage is designed too. What’s more, based on the TinyOS operating system ,we design the temperature acquisition system for the grain storage monitoring.
Microstructure and Oxidation Resistance of Muscovite-Glass Frits Loaded High Silica Cloth/Boron-Containing Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin-Based Ceramifying Composites
Authors: Qin Yan , Ding Jie , Huang Zhi Xiong , Mei Qi Lin , Rao Zhi Long
Published: May 2013

The boron-containing phenol-formaldehyde resin-based ceramifying composites that used muscovite mica and glass frits loaded boron-containing phenol-formaldehyde resin (BPF) as matrix, high silica fiberglass fabric as reinforcements, were pyrolyzed into ceramic gradually in the air. Glass frits were fused into liquid phase and spread to the surface to make muscovite mica form compact mullite ceramic shell. The shell restrained oxygen into the internal effectively in order to reduce the thermo-oxidative degradation of BPF resin. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) showed that aluminium borate (Al8B4O33) and mullite (Al6Si2O13) crystalline phases after pyrolysis. SEM demonstrated the ceramifying progress of the microstructure of the composites, and EDS analyzed the micro-chemical composition.
Experimental Study on Depth of Discharge and Cycle Life of Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: Chen Chan Ming , Deng Song Hua , Wang Zhen Po
Published: May 2013

To find out how depth of discharge affecting cycle life of lithium-ion power battery, an experiment was conducted. Three samples of lithium-ion were tested separately with BAITE charge/discharge equipment. Condition of test was set as the same except depth of discharge. Capacity remaining of samples was recorded during testing. Based on processing and analysis of data of the testing, cycle life model of lithium-ion power battery with parameter of depth of discharge was deduced, which was verified by the experimental data. The model provided a theoretical calculating method of cycle life, which would be helpful for precise management of the lithium-ion battery.
Mobile Inspection Robot
Authors: Ciszewski Michał , Buratowski Tomasz , Giergiel Mariusz , Kurc Krzysztof , Małka Piotr
Published: May 2013

In this paper, the design of a tracked in-pipe inspection mobile robot with a flexible drive positioning system is presented. The robot would be able to operate in circular and rectangular pipes and ducts, oriented horizontally and vertically with cross section greater than 200 mm. The paper presents a complete design process of a virtual prototype, with usage of CAD/CAE software. Mathematical descriptions of the robot kinematics and dynamics that aim on development of a control system are presented. Laboratory tests of the utilized tracks are included. Performed tests proved conformity of the design with stated requirements, therefore a prototype will be manufactured basing on the project.
Wavelet-Petrov-Galerkin Method for Numerical Solution of Boussinesq Equation
Authors: Akinlar Mehmet Ali , Secer Aydin
Published: May 2013

In this paper, we employ the Wavelet-Petrov-Galerkin method to obtain the numerical solutions of the nonlinear Boussinesq equation. Boussinesq equation has braod application areas at different branches of engineering and science including chemistry and physics. We first discretize the Boussinesq equation in terms of wavelet coefficients and scaling functions, secondly multiply the discrete equation with wavelet basis functions. Using connection coefficients we express the resulting equation as a matrix equation. One of the significant advantages of the present method is that it does not require a quadrature formula.
The Research on Motion Trajectory Planning of an Axis Vehicle during Transport
Authors: Li Lin
Published: May 2013

The paper is based on the construction of multi-module on the centralized venue. In the paper, the motion trajectory planning of an axis vehicle during transport is researched. By the trajectory algorithm called Dijkstra, the author makes an analysis of the shortest path during transport. The analysis not only can improve transport efficiency, but also can make the transport of the axis vehicle more scientific.
Anomalous Optical Transmission Phenomena in Photonic Crystals
Authors: Dong Guo Yan , Zhou Ji
Published: May 2013

Anomalous optical transmission phenomena have ever been discovered in various metamaterials, which can be modulated more easily in Photonic crystals (PhCs). Compared with the regular PhCs composed of round rods closely packed in air, the equal frequency contours (EFC) of honeycomb lattice PhCs constituted by trigonal rods are more rounded and more suitable to realize the all-angle left-handed negative refraction (AALNR) in the low band region. Due to the hex EFC distribution, the regular PhC can be applied in the optical collimator design. In the higher band regions, the more complicated refraction behaviors can be excited based on the intricate undulation of one band or the overlap of different bands in PhCs. These unique features will provide us with more understanding of electromagnetic wave propagation in PhCs and give important guideline for the design of new type optical devices.
The Safety Current Situation and Countermeasures of Packaging Materials of Exported Agricultural Products of China
Authors: Cui Yu Shu , Shao Hong Ling , Lu Jian
Published: May 2013

In recent years,developed countries improve constantly packaging materials requirements of imported agricultural products, the exported agricultural products of China are blocked by foreign countries for the packaging quality problems and this leads to serious economic losses. The packaging materials of agricultural products is the important link of agricultural products safety control, the migration of harmful substances in packaging materials will be a direct threat to agricultural products and this results in agricultural products unsafety. Based on the analysis of their own security problems and management problems of packaging materials of China's agricultural products, this paper will put forward to the countermeasures to improve the quality safety of packaging materials of exported agricultural products.
Study on EPDM/Boron Mud Composites
Authors: Li Dong Han , Li Zong Lin , Zhao Li Qun
Published: May 2013

In this paper, the EPDM/boron mud composites are prepared by changing the amount of boron mud, paraffin oil and coumarone. In order to investigate the effect of the fillers on the properties of composites,the aging-resistance, mechanical properties and SEM of composites are tested and analyzed. The results show that when paraffin oil is 10 phr, coumarone is 3 phr and the boron mud is 20 phr, the composite has optimal properties.Keywords: Boron mud, Coumarone, Paraffin oil, EPDM, Composites
The Research on Porous Structure of Super Absorbent Polymer Preparation by Inverse Suspension Method
Authors: Yu Zhi , Lei Jiao , Zhao Li Qun
Published: May 2013

Porous structure of the super absorbent polymer (SAP) was synthesized through inverse suspension method by adding acrylic acid (AA) and acrylic amide (AM) as monomer,N,N'-Methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) as cross-linking agent, the mixed solution of methanol and ethanol as pore-foaming agent. The factors that influenced the bibulous performance of the super absorbent polymer were studied including the dosage of cross-linking agent, the dosage of pore-foaming agent, monomer ratio, revolving speed. The Internal structure and surface morphology of SAP was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It indicated that when the monomer ratio wasm(AM):m(AA)=1:2; the weight rate of cross-linking agent and pore-foaming agent were 0.06%(compared with the quality of the monomer) and 9%, the product attained the best water absorbency of 2909 g/g in distilled water, the saline absorbency was 124.5 g/g; the water absorption rate was 10. Meanwhile, SEM showed that the structure of the copolymer was full of holes.
Preparation and Research Status of Healthy Functional Water
Authors: Guan Long Long , Li Qing Shan , Jin Bi’e
Published: May 2013

Basing on the definition of the functional water, this paper analyzed its mechanism of action and the benefits to human body, and summed up four preparation methods to obtain this advanced water. They were electrolysis method, magnetic field cutting method, spectrum similar method, and physical adsorption method, and then made a brief statement on the latest researches of each method. Finally, described the viewpoint about the development tendency of healthy functional water.
Study on Auto Thread Inspection Torque
Authors: Yao Yu , Cui Yu Shu , Cao Xiao Gen , Hao Jian Jun
Published: May 2013

Collecting in the digital torque wrench range of tightening torque and inspection torque, this article has given some linear analysis and described the relationship between the different connection states. Through the six different commonly used congruent relationship between tightening torque and inspection torque in the connection status, the research concluded that car factory should distinguished the relationship between tightening torque and inspection torque in different connection status.
Preparation and Comparison of M/Ce-K-O (M=Co, Ni, Cu) Nanocomposites on Catalytic Soot Combustion
Authors: He Feng Lin , Jing Mao Xiang , Meng Xiao Xiao , Shen Xiang Qian
Published: May 2013

Porous nanocomposites of M/Ce-K-O (M=Co, Ni, Cu) were prepared by the citrate-gel thermal decomposition and selective reduction process, and the effect of transition metal nanoparticles on their microstructure, catalytic performance were studied by XRD, SEM, BET, XPS and TG analysis. The nanocomposites consist of the fluorite-type matrix of CeO2 nanoparticles about 13-20 nm and metallic nanoparticles ~26 nm. These nanocomposites have a nanoporous structure with high specific surface area and their pore sizes, pore structures, surface morphologies are largely affected by the dispersed nano metal species. For M/Ce-K-O (M=Co, Ni, Cu) nanocomposites, all the catalysts show a high catalytic activity for soot combustion, and among them, the Cu/Ce-K-O nanocomposite has a lowest T50 of 315 °C mainly due to a higher lattice oxygen content and a weaker Cu-O interaction intensity.
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Donor and Acceptor Substituted Conjugated Polytetraphenylethenes
Authors: Ye Jia Hai
Published: May 2013

A series of new functional polymers which were constituted by Tetraphenylethene(TPE) units with donor group and acceptor group conjugated to each other is synthesized through Wittig reaction. The 1H NMR measurements indicate that the cis-vinylene units exit in polymer backbone. The UV-absorption and Fluorescent emission are investigated.
Cultivation of Isochrysis galbana in a Semicontinuous Photobioreactor
Authors: Niu Chun Lin , Zhang Jie , Hu Xiao Ping
Published: May 2013

The cultivation of microalgae was studied experimentally in a glass semi-continuous photo-bioreactor. The effect of temperature, light intensity and light frequency on the growth rate of Isochrysis galbana was investigated in the work. The results showed that the optimum temperature and light intensity for the higher growth rate were 25°C and 18000 lux, respectively, the biomass productivity was 1.20×10-3g/(L•h). When the light frequency was 20hz,the the growth rate of I.galbana was the highest, which was 18.6% higher than that in continuous illumination..
Fracture Pattern Comparison Research of Different Types of All-Ceramic Crown
Authors: Fan Cheng
Published: May 2013

All-ceramic crown restorations are more widely used. The mechanical properties of different type of all-ceramic crown are evident different because of the differences of materials and production process. To study the failure pattern of different all-ceramic crown under load, two dimensional finite element model of three different all-ceramic crown models are constructed using the RFPA (realistic failure process analysis) system in this paper. Due to the difference of stress mismatch between different porcelain layers, it is found that the failure modes of different all-ceramic crown model are significantly different in the study. The advantage of this system is that the crack initiation, propagation and failure process of all-ceramic crown can be clearly observed and the research results provide guidance for clinical application.
Interaction between Sodium Molybdate and FSWed Wled of 5083 Effected by Time
Authors: Shen Chang Bin
Published: May 2013

Similar welds composed of 5083 were produced by friction stir welding. In the solution of 0.2 M NaHSO3 and 0.6 M NaCl, with the addition of a given concentration sodium molybdate as the inhibitor, the electrochemical corrosion behaviors of the friction stir welds (FSW) and 5083 were comparatively investigated by potentiodynamic polarization curve tests and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) at the ambient temperature for different test periods. The results indicated that : with the extension of period, the inhibition efficiencies (IE) for both the weld and 5083 base materials enhanced, at the same period, the inhibition efficiency (IE) for the weld was beyond that for 5083 base materials, sodium molybdate may be thought of as an effective inhibitor for 5083 aluminum alloy, the interaction between inhibitor and weld is stronger than that between inhibitor and base materials.
Evaluation of Crude Extracts of Mimosa pusica LINN. against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides to Control Anthracnose
Authors: Sianglek Narumon , Kankeaw Uthumporn , Chimsook Thitiphan
Published: May 2013

The antifungal activity of crude extracts of M. pudica Linn. was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the solvent extracts. Subsequently, an antifungal assay was carried out by determining the inhibition of radial growth in PDA plates added with plant extracts. MIC value of crude extracts was 15.00, 18.50 and 19.50 µg/mL for 95% ethanol, dichloromethane and acetone extracts, respectively. Concerning the inhibition of radial growth, ethanol crude extracts of M. Pudica was most effective and exhibited highest antifungal activity of 55.65% at 10.00 µg/mL, 54.02% at 1.00 µg/mL, 50.95% at 0.10 µg/mL, and 48.70% at 0.01 µg/mL against C. gloeosporioides., respectively. The highest yield was found in 95% ethanol at 73 mg/g. The higher yield was presented when the higher polar solvents were used in this experiment. Since factors such as solvent of extraction may influence the properties of derived crude extract, different extraction methods may be of interest for further trial.
The Modification of Polypropylene Hollow Fiber Membrane by Grafting with N,N’-Methylene-Bisac-Rylamide on the Surface
Authors: Huang Yong Fu , Liu Zhen
Published: May 2013

The surface of polypropylene hollow fiber membrane was modified with N,N’-methylene-bisac-rylamide (MBA) by the UV-irradiation, with the benzophenone (BP) as the light initiator. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) was utilized to characterize copolymer composition. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was utilized to observe the fiber surface and section. Results showed that MBA was grafted on the surface of membrane. The influence was researched by changing the concentration of BP, MBA and irradiated time. Results showed that the grafting rate grew rapidly and then declined as the increase the BP concentration. The grafting rate increased at first as the MBA concentration increased, but decreased after the maximum. The grafting rate firstly increased slowly and then increased sharply with the irradiated time extended.
Thermodynamic Study on the Flotation Behavior Mechanism of Apatite with Fatty Acid as Collector
Authors: Qi Zong
Published: May 2013

Flotation behavior of apatite was investigated by micro-flotation with five kinds of fatty acid as collectors; the mechanism was studied by thermodynamic calculation. In the thermodynamic discussion, the Gibbs energy (∆G) of reactions, which is between the collectors and Ca2+ ions dissolved by apatite in pulp, were computed with pH as a function. A comparison of the calculated results with the flotation behavior of apatite shows that the thermodynamic results agree well with the experimental data. This finding indicates an identical characteristic between the two reactions with a variation in pH, in which one is between the collectors and Ca2+ ions dissolved by apatite in the pulp, and the other is between collectors and Ca2+ ions on apatite. Therefore, from the thermodynamic results, the mechanism for the flotation behavior of apatite could be deduced. The decrease in recovery is due to the decrease in effective constituent of collector (A–) with the falling pH. Once the concentration of A– ions is lower than a certain value, the reactions of the collectors with mineral are terminated and thus result in the depression of apatite in an acidic environment.
Processing of Ceramics and Metal Matrix Composites with Electro Discharge Machining
Authors: Shanker N. Siva , Parashuramulu A. , Buschaiah K. , Laxminarayana P.
Published: May 2013

This study explores and demonstrates the effectiveness of employing Electro Discharge Machining (EDM) for processing ceramics particularly Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) materials. Conductive ceramics can be easily machined and non conductive ceramics can be made machinable by doping them with conductive metal particulates. In a related experimental study the effects of the concentration and size of these particulates are analyzed on the machining rate of MMC components.
Physical and Chemical Properties of the Waste Electronic Circuit Board
Authors: Wang Hong Fen
Published: May 2013

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) and copper-clad laminate (CCLs) are the foundation of the electronic industry, and the core components of all kinds of electronic products. With the accelerated pace of information equipment replacement, waste PCBs and CCLs increase every year, and generated a lot of e-waste. Sweden Ronnskar smelter made an analysis on elements of the PCBs used in the personal computer, the results showed that the PCBs generally contain precious metals gold, silver and non-ferrous metals such as copper, wherein the mass fraction of copper is up to 26.8%, the mass concentration of gold and silver respectively reached 80 g/t and 3300 g/t, which much higher than the average gold grade and having high recycling value. Waste PCBs also contain heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium, which have a great deal of harm to the environment and human body. This paper focuses on the physical and chemical properties of the electronic circuit board such as calorific value and moisture, on the content measurement and analysis of gold, copper and other precious metals so that the physical and chemical properties of the ingredients in waste PCBs and CCLs are determined from a qualitative and quantitative point of view, which is very important for looking for recyclable value of the waste PCBs and CCLs and for determining the best method of recycling them. The test results showed that the waste PCBs and CCLs had very high recycling value.