bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic navigation for prosthetically driven zygomatic implant placement in extensive maxillary defects: Results of a prospective case series
Authors: Wang Feng , Fan Shengchi , Huang Wei , Shen Yihan , Li Chaolun , Wu Yiqun
Published: May 2022

Background

Zygomatic implants (ZIs) that are anchored in remote locations can significantly improve the retention and stability of prosthetic obturation in maxillary defect sites without the need for complex surgical reconstruction. However, ZI placement without alveolar bone guidance is challenging, especially when identifying the ideal three‐dimensional location of the “coronal part” of the implant fixture for further rehabilitation.

Purpose

To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of surgical navigation for ZI placement using prosthetically driven plans to treat extensive maxillary defects.

Material and Methods

Software was used to virtually plan the number and distribution of ZIs for maxillary defect patients according to the existing residual maxillofacial bone. The “coronal part” of the ZI was identified based on the existing maxillodental prosthetic flange, virtually planned infrastructure framework and superstructure. ZI placement was fully guided by surgical navigation.

Results

Ten patients were enrolled. One patient had loose reflective spheres, which resulted in an inaccurate back‐reflection of the position during navigation. A total of 27 ZIs in the remaining 9 patients were placed uneventfully. The mean of the “coronal part” of the ZI, entry point of the zygomatic bone, apical deviation, and apical angle deviation were 1.50 mm, 1.39 mm, 1.95 mm, and 2.32°, respectively. A Computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacture milled bar and additional attachments were fabricated according to preoperative planning. No osseointegrated implant loss was detected. Six ZIs in three patients received implant surface polishing to reduce soft tissue irritation, and one ZI was submerged.

Discussion

Surgical navigation facilitated the accurate and feasible placement of prosthetically driven ZIs that were preoperatively planned in patients with extensive maxillary defects.
Prior statin and short‐term outcomes of primary intracerebral hemorrhage: From a large‐scale nationwide longitudinal registry
Authors: Li Guangshuo , Wang Shang , Xiong Yunyun , Gu Hongqiu , Yang Kaixuan , Yang Xin , Wang Chunjuan , Wang Chuanying , Li Zixiao , Zhao Xingquan
Published: May 2022

Introduction

The relationship between statins and intracerebral hemorrhage outcomes is unclear.

Aim

We aimed to compare the in‐hospital mortality and evacuation of intracranial hematoma rates in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage between prior statin users and nonusers.

Results

The final study population included 66,263 patients. Multivariable logistics analyses showed that prior statin use was not associated with in‐hospital mortality for primary intracerebral hemorrhage (adjusted odd ratio 0.78, 95% CI 0.61–1.01), but reduced the proportion of patients undergoing evacuation of intracranial hematoma (adjusted odd ratio 0.70, 95% CI 0.61–0.82). Propensity score matching analyses yielded similar results.

Conclusion

Prior statin use was not associated with in‐hospital mortality but did reduce evacuation of intracranial hematoma rates.
Evidence on the role of social media in the illegal trade of Iranian wildlife
Authors: Sardari Pourya , Felfelian Farshad , Mohammadi Alireza , Nayeri Danial , Davis Elizabeth O.
Published: May 2022

The combination of increasing trade across an ever more globalized world and the ubiquity of social media access has led to unprecedented levels of wildlife exploitation. In this study, we opportunistically surveyed Instagram and Telegram from 2019 to 2020, two of Iran's most prominent social media platforms, for advertisements of illegally captured wildlife in Iran. In total we documented 305 advertisements for 63 species, including birds (29%), amphibians (27%), reptiles (26%), and mammals (17%). Trade was most active in June, which may be due to increased availability of young animals, following spring births. The majority of the species advertised for sale (65%) were classified by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as Least Concern, and 5% of the species we documented as being traded are Endangered. Some Endangered species advertised for sale were Caspian seal and Saker falcon. While the sale of all species is illegal in Iran, 25% of species were also listed on CITES as being prohibited for international trade. However, these domestic and international laws are not well‐enforced within Iran, in light of the scale of open trade we observed. We recommend that authorities devote more time to monitoring these online platforms, and that resources are provided to in‐country enforcement efforts during the spring and summer, the observed peak of capture and trade. We also suggest that further research be conducted into the sources of wildlife, motivations for selling wildlife, and motivations for purchasing wildlife.
Associations of HLA genetic variants with carbamazepine‐induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions: An updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Biswas Mohitosh , Ershadian Maliheh , Shobana John , Nguyen Ai‐Hoc , Sukasem Chonlaphat
Published: May 2022

Aggregated risk of carbamazepine (CBZ)‐induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs) with different HLA variants are unclear and limited in terms of the power of studies. This study aimed to assess the aggregated risk of CBZ‐induced cADRs associated with carrying the following HLA variants: HLA‐B*15:02, HLA‐B*15:11, HLA‐B*15:21, HLA‐B*38:02, HLA‐B*40:01, HLA‐B*46:01, HLA‐B*58:01, HLA‐A*24:02, and HLA‐A*31:01. Literature was searched in different databases following PRISMA guidelines. The outcomes were measured as odds ratio (OR) using RevMan software by a random/fixed effects model, where p < 0.05 was set as statistical significance. In total, 46 case–control studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this analysis consisting of 1817 cases and 6614 controls. It was found that case‐patients who carried the HLA‐B*15:02 allele were associated with a significantly increased risk of CBZ‐induced Stevens−Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) compared to controls (OR 26.01; 95% CI 15.88–42.60; p < 0.00001). The aggregated risk of cADRs was slightly higher in Asian compared to Caucasian patients (Asians: OR 14.84; 95% CI 8.95–24.61; p < 0.00001; Caucasians: OR 11.65; 95% CI 1.68–80.70; p = 0.01). Further, HLA‐B*15:11, HLA‐B*15:21, or HLA‐A*31:01 allele was also associated with significantly increased risk of CBZ‐induced cADRs (HLA‐B*15:11: OR 6.08; 95% CI 2.28–16.23; p = 0.0003; HLA‐B*15:21: OR 5.37; 95% CI 2.02–14.28; p = 0.0008; HLA‐A*31:01: OR 5.92; 95% CI 4.35–8.05; p < 0.00001). Other HLA variants were not found to have any significant associations with CBZ‐induced cADRs. Strong associations between the HLA‐B*15:02, HLA‐B*15:11, HLA‐B*15:21, or HLA‐A*31:01 allele with CBZ‐induced cADRs have been established in this analysis. Pharmacogenetic testing of particular HLA alleles before initiation of CBZ therapy may be beneficial to patients and may help to eradicate cADRs substantially.
On building cytomorphology skills: Influence of slide reviewing habits on diagnostic competency in cytology
Authors: Chiou Paul Z. , Jia Yuane
Published: May 2022

Objectives

The specific aims of the study are to assess whether the amount of time a cytology learner spends reviewing slides correlates with increased diagnostic competency and to determine whether time spent reviewing slides immediately after the multi‐head sessions correlates with a higher level of proficiency. The paper also seeks to explore the impacts of the time of day at which slides were reviewed on diagnostic learning outcome.

Methods

Data obtained through the cytology laboratory screening logs were reviewed, and the number of hours per day and the times of the day at which the students were present at the glass slide library were tabulated and compared against each of the seven‐unit slide exam scores in the semester to explore possible relationships.

Results

There was a positive linear relationship (r = 0.29) between the number of hours students spent in the laboratory reviewing cases and competency. When the students' unit diagnostic test scores were classified into low and high categories for each test, there was a significant correlation (P = 0.008) between a lack of time spent screening slides in the lab and the number of times a student was ranked at the bottom of the class. Our data do not support a recency effect nor a difference in test scores between those who reviewed cases in the morning vs in the afternoon.

Conclusions

While educating and training a strong cytology workforce may be challenging, our study provides new insights and sheds light on the importance of spending time reviewing slides, and provides guidance for struggling students on how best to improve. Inside this month’s Cytopathology: The aims of this study are to assess whether the amount of time a cytology learner spent reviewing slides correlates with increased diagnostic competency, and to determine whether time spent reviewing slides immediately after the multi‐head sessions correlates with a higher level of proficiency. The paper also seeks to explore the impacts of the time of day at which slides were reviewed on diagnostic learning outcome.
Trends in methamphetamine use, markets and harms in Australia, 2003–2019
Authors: Man Nicola , Sisson Scott A. , McKetin Rebecca , Chrzanowska Agata , Bruno Raimondo , Dietze Paul M. , Price Olivia , Degenhardt Louisa , Gibbs Daisy , Salom Caroline , Peacock Amy
Published: May 2022

Introduction

To describe trends in methamphetamine use, markets and harms in Australia from 2003 to 2019.

Methods

Data comprised patterns of use and price from sentinel samples of people who inject drugs and who use MDMA/other illicit stimulants and population‐level amphetamine‐related police seizures, arrests, hospitalisations, treatment episodes and deaths from approximately 2003 to 2019. Bayesian autoregressive time‐series models were analysed for: no change; constant rate of change; and change over time differing in rate after one to three changepoints. Related indicators were analysed post hoc with identical changepoints.

Results

The percentage of people who inject drugs reporting weekly use increased from 2010 to 2013 onwards, while use among samples of people who regularly use ecstasy and other illicit stimulants decreased. Seizures and arrests rose steeply from around 2009/10 to 2014/15 and subsequently plateaued. Price increased ($15.9 [95% credible interval, CrI $9.9, $28.9] per point of crystal per year) from around 2009 to 2011, plateauing and then declining from around 2017. Hospitalisation rates increased steeply from around 2009/10 until 2015/16, with a small subsequent decline. Treatment also increased (19.8 episodes [95% CrI 13.2, 27.6] with amphetamines as the principal drug of concern per 100 000 persons per year) from 2010/11 onwards. Deaths involving amphetamines increased (0.285 per 100 000 persons per year) from 2012 until 2016.

Discussion and Conclusions

These findings suggest that problematic methamphetamine use and harms escalated from 2010 to 2012 onwards in Australia, with continued demand and a sustained market for methamphetamine. [Correction added on 30 May 2022, after first online publication: In the Abstract under ‘Discussion and Conclusions’ ‘onwards’ has been added after … 2010 to 2012].
Exploring the medical cannabis prescribing behaviours of New Zealand physicians
Authors: Manoharan Rachel , Kemper Joya , Young Jenny
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Many countries are changing their regulations for prescribing medical cannabis. As gatekeepers, physicians significantly impact patient access to cannabis treatments. It is important to explore how physicians view prescribing cannabis in terms of their existing beliefs, knowledge, possible concerns and personal perceptions.

Methods

Individual, semi‐structured telephone interviews were undertaken with 14 New Zealand physicians from various specialties. The interviews were thematically analysed using a phenomenological approach.

Results

The physician–patient relationship was of extreme importance in making prescription decisions, driven largely by trust in the patient. Barriers to prescribing included concern over possible side effects, the quality and standardisation of medication, uncertainty about indications and equity concerns from the high cost for lower socio‐economic patients. Some physicians held concerns over their liability and risks to their reputation if issues arose for patients.

Discussion and Conclusion

The way physicians regard prescribing medical cannabis is based on their personal beliefs and knowledge built up over their medical career. It is important that these are taken into consideration in the design of future guidelines to help alleviate uncertainties and reduce barriers for informed prescribing. While our research and previous research find that physicians generally will follow clinical guidelines based on institutional logics (i.e. the standardised approach to medicine), we find that physicians often allow their personal construals to determine their perceptions and prescribing behaviour to a considerable extent when they practice medicine. Our findings have implications for Continuing Medical Education, marketing and regulation for medical cannabis, especially about the wording of guideline adherence.
Dynamics of interorganisational emergency communication on Twitter: the case of Hurricane Irma
Authors: Hu Qian , An Seongho , Kapucu Naim , Sellnow Timothy , Yuksel Murat , Freihaut Rebecca
Published: May 2022

This study examines how county‐level emergency management offices (EMOs) used Twitter to communicate with other public agencies and non‐profit and for‐profit organisations before, during, and after Hurricane Irma in 2017. It assesses the strategies that EMOs and other stakeholders employed to communicate risks on Twitter, concluding that its potential has not been fully exploited. EMOs only frequently interacted with a few non‐profit and for‐profit organisations, despite their involvement in emergency communication. While EMOs and other public agencies emphasised information dissemination and called on citizens to act and be prepared for the hurricane, non‐profits tended to stress service and resource‐related information, encouraged others to assist with disaster response, and provided emotional support. For‐profits, meanwhile, actively addressed customers’ concerns through direct two‐way communication. Our findings indicate that EMOs should integrate non‐profit and for‐profit organisations’ communication efforts, engaging them in important conversations on Twitter and advocating the use of highly relevant hashtags at different disaster management stages
Virtual epileptic patient brain modeling: Relationships with seizure onset and surgical outcome
Authors: Makhalova Julia , Medina Villalon Samuel , Wang Huifang , Giusiano Bernard , Woodman Marmaduke , Bénar Christian , Guye Maxime , Jirsa Viktor , Bartolomei Fabrice
Published: May 2022

Objective

The virtual epileptic patient (VEP) is a large‐scale brain modeling method based on virtual brain technology, using stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG), anatomical data (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] and connectivity), and a computational neuronal model to provide computer simulations of a patient's seizures. VEP has potential interest in the presurgical evaluation of drug‐resistant epilepsy by identifying regions most likely to generate seizures. We aimed to assess the performance of the VEP approach in estimating the epileptogenic zone and in predicting surgical outcome.

Methods

VEP modeling was retrospectively applied in a cohort of 53 patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy and available SEEG, T1‐weighted MRI, and diffusion‐weighted MRI. Precision recall was used to compare the regions identified as epileptogenic by VEP (EZVEP) to the epileptogenic zone defined by clinical analysis incorporating the Epileptogenicity Index (EI) method (EZC). In 28 operated patients, we compared the VEP results and clinical analysis with surgical outcome.

Results

VEP showed a precision of 64% and a recall of 44% for EZVEP detection compared to EZC. There was a better concordance of VEP predictions with clinical results, with higher precision (77%) in seizure‐free compared to non‐seizure‐free patients. Although the completeness of resection was significantly correlated with surgical outcome for both EZC and EZVEP, there was a significantly higher number of regions defined as epileptogenic exclusively by VEP that remained nonresected in non‐seizure‐free patients.

Significance

VEP is the first computational model that estimates the extent and organization of the epileptogenic zone network. It is characterized by good precision in detecting epileptogenic regions as defined by a combination of visual analysis and EI. The potential impact of VEP on improving surgical prognosis remains to be exploited. Analysis of factors limiting the performance of the actual model is crucial for its further development.
A Review of Best Papers in Personal Finance: 2008–2020
Authors: DeVaney Sharon A. , Lee Jae Min
Published: May 2022

Since 2009, the Family & Consumer Sciences Research Journal (FCSRJ) has annually selected the Best Papers published in each of the subdisciplines of FCSRJ. The authors are honored at the June annual conference of the American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences (AAFCS). This paper focuses on the 13 Best Papers in Personal Finance for the time period of 2008 to 2020 and also includes five additional papers in Personal Finance in which the author was designated as an Emerging Scholar for that specific year. The results demonstrated the importance of the history of home management, food insecurity, college student financial behavior, college student loans, housing, and retirement and saving decisions.
Experimental Investigation of Oxide Leaching Methods for Li Isotopes
Authors: Liu Chun‐Yao , Pogge von Strandmann Philip A. E. , Tarbuck Gary , Wilson David J.
Published: May 2022

To examine the applicability of different leaching methods used to extract secondary oxides from silicate solids for lithium isotope (δ7Li) measurement, this study has conducted leaching experiments on five different types of silicate solids, including a fresh basalt, two weathered basalts, a Yellow River sediment (loess‐dominated) and a shale. Four factors were assessed in the experiments: the concentration of the leaching reagent hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HH), the leaching temperature (20 °C vs 95 °C), the leaching time and the reagent/solid ratio. Based on elemental concentrations and Li isotopes, 0.04 mol l−1 hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HH) in 25% v/v acetic acid at room temperature for 1 h with 40 ml g−1 reagent/solid ratio is recommended. At high temperatures, low δ7Li and high magnesium/iron ratios indicate that minerals other than secondary oxides are dissolved. With increased leaching time, there is no evidence for Li isotopic fractionation at room temperature. However, longer leaching time or increased reagent/solid ratios may increase the risk of leaching from non‐oxide phases. Meanwhile, results suggest that low concentrations of HH are not sufficient to target the secondary oxides evenly, while high concentrations of HH can leach out more non‐oxides. We also examined the optimal oxide leaching method within a full sequential leaching procedure (i.e., exchangeable, carbonate, oxide, clay and residual phases). Elemental concentrations show that no elements exist exclusively in oxides, so it is essential to analyse multi‐elemental concentrations to verify that the leaching has accessed this phase in a given sample. Comparing secondary oxides with their corresponding solutions, we estimate the isotopic fractionation (Δ7Lioxide‐solution) is −16.8‰ to −27.7‰.
Oogenesis and embryogenesis in a cryptogenic species of calcareous sponge (Calcaronea, Heteropiidae) in the southwestern Atlantic
Authors: Lanna Emilio , Klautau Michelle
Published: May 2022

Calcarea is a diverse group of sponges, in which individuals are generally small and found in cryptic habitats. These characteristics hamper the access to them and, consequently, the knowledge about several aspects of their biology, including reproduction. Little is known about many reproductive aspects of these sponges and broad generalizations are made upon few studied species. Therefore, investigations dealing with the oogenesis and embryogenesis of more species are still necessary. Sycettusa hastifera is an alien species in the southwestern Atlantic. Knowledge about its reproduction would not only help to improve our comprehension of reproduction in Calcaronea but would also help to understand the capacity of this exotic species to colonize. Histological and electron microscopy analyses of individuals sampled at Arraial do Cabo (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) showed that oogenesis in S. hastifera was long (4–6 months) and nutrients were acquired by association with nurse cells and endocytosis of bacteria, yielding heterogeneous and complex yolk inclusions. Cleavage, inversion, and amphiblastula larvae were similar to what has been observed in other calcaroneans, except for the larval cavity lacking amoeboid cells and the relatively long swimming period of the amphiblastula (on average 12 h, but reaching 72 h). Our results indicate that the vitellogenic mechanism characterized as mixed (an ancestral characteristic of Calcaronea) is strongly influenced by autosynthesis; during cleavage, cell fates could be determined from embryo to larva; and inversion of the embryo (which will become the amphiblastula larva) directly into the choanocyte chamber is an ancestral characteristic of Calcaronea. Despite the absence of amoeboid cells or other structures to nourish the larva, the long swimming period suggests that vitellogenesis is sufficient for the maintenance of the embryo and larva until metamorphosis. This characteristic may facilitate the spread of this cryptogenic species to new regions.
Question storming: The power of Questions—A method to increase options for action in uncertainty
Authors: Mennin Stewart , Eoyang Glenda H.
Published: May 2022

Rationale

Question Storming offers a method that enables one to hold the condition of uncertainty in reflection without the need for resolution. Global interdependencies and unprecedented access to information, social media and multiple forms of communications challenge our ability to see, understand and influence change effectively and efficiently. The tension and need to cope effectively with massive uncertainties cannot be resolved with current methods leading to a necessity for people to seek new ways to transform their understanding and explore new options for action. Problem‐solving and facilitation of the past are not flexible or rapid enough to meet the current demands of decision making and action taking in the face of massive uncertainties. As a result, people face ‘wicked unsolvable’ issues in their personal and professional lives.

Aims and Objectives

An international group of scholar‐practitioners has adapted and tested an enquiry process. Question Storming—The Power of Questions is based on principles of complex adaptive systems, human systems dynamics, and self‐organization.

Method

A three‐step method of inquiry and reflection opens new possibilities.

Results and Conclusions

Question Storming has helped people see their wicked issues from new perspectives, understand them in useful ways and generate new options for action. This paper introduces Question Storming—the Power of Questions as a practical method for group inquiry in the presence of individual and group uncertainties/wicked issues. The Container, Difference, Exchange (CDE) model and Pattern Logic are presented to explain the paradigm‐shifting dynamics experienced by participants, both individuals and members of the group. It concludes with emerging questions for future consideration. Question Storming generates a divergent problem space that decreases constraint and increases degrees of freedom to allow practical exploration of new and often surprising options for action.
Minor traumatic injuries in the emergency department pre‐ and post‐implementation of an emergency care access point
Authors: van der Baaren Rens , Barten Dennis G. , van Osch Frits , van Barneveld Kevin W. Y. , Janzing Heinrich M. J. , Cals Jochen W. L.
Published: May 2022

Objective

In the Netherlands, out‐of‐hours General Practice Cooperatives (GPCs) increasingly collaborate with Emergency Departments (EDs) to form an Emergency Care Access Point (ECAP). ECAPs aim to decrease the number of low‐urgent ED attendances, of which many compromise minor traumatic injuries. In this study, we evaluated the impact of ECAP implementation on the incidence of minor traumatic injuries in the ED.

Methods

We evaluated a total of 2772 ED patients who presented with a minor traumatic injury (categorized into traumatic wounds and isolated extremity injuries) 1 year before and 1 year after ECAP implementation. We compared patient characteristics, throughput, diagnosis, treatment and follow‐up before and after ECAP implementation.

Results

ECAP implementation was associated with a reduction in ED volume for minor traumatic injuries: −12.4% for isolated extremity injuries (1249 vs. 1094) and −74.6% for traumatic wounds (342 vs. 87). Multivariable logistic regression analysis controlling for patient characteristics showed that ECAP implementation was associated with higher rates of substantial injuries in the ED (OR 1.20, 95% CI = 1.01–1.43), and more patients requiring outpatient follow‐up.

Conclusion

Implementation of an ECAP was associated with a reduction of ED utilization by patients with minor traumatic injuries, traumatic wounds in particular. This healthcare intervention may therefore help to reduce ED utilization for low‐urgent complaints.
The effect of different application modes of a 1‐step self‐etch adhesive on the clinical performance of Class I composite restorations: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Demirci Mustafa , Tuncer Safa , Tekçe Neslihan , Baydemir Canan
Published: May 2022

Objective

To evaluate the clinical performance of a 1‐step self‐etch dentin adhesive that was applied according to the manufacturers' recommendations, doubling the adhesive application time and layer in Class I cavities with a composite resin.

Materials and Methods

A total of 39 patients aged between 14 and 43 (mean age: 19.1) years were enrolled in the study. Each patient received three restorations. In these three restorations, a 1‐step self‐etch adhesive was applied according to the manufacturer's recommendations (control group), by doubling the adhesive application time, and with double layers. The restorations were evaluated according to modified USPHS criteria at baseline, and 1, 2, 3, and 4‐year recalls.

Results

After 4 years, the success rate was 100% for restorations with the adhesive applied according to the manufacturers' recommendations, 96.9% for restorations applied by doubling the adhesive application time, and 93.8% for restorations applied with double adhesive layers. There was no significant difference between the three application methods among all the evaluation periods regarding the evaluation criteria.

Conclusions

The 4‐year success rates of a 1‐step self‐etch dentin adhesive that was applied according to the manufacturers' recommendation, by doubling the adhesive application time, and with double layers were excellent.

Clinical Significance

It is not recommended to double the adhesive application time nor apply a double layer of a 1‐step self‐etch adhesive because it does not improve the clinical performance of Class I composite restorations.
Treated together–changed together: The application of dyadic analyses to understand the reciprocal nature of alliances and couple satisfaction over time
Authors: Whittaker Kristoffer J. , Johnson Sverre Urnes , Solbakken Ole André , Tilden Terje
Published: May 2022

In a Norwegian study of 73 couples attending a residential couple therapy program lasting between 6 and 12 weeks, weekly self‐report data on therapy alliance and couple satisfaction were collected using routine outcome monitoring (ROM). The aim was to show how dyadic analyses could be applied to examine the predictive association between alliances and couple satisfaction. Results showed that improved alliance between dyad members and their couple therapist predicted their spouses' couple satisfaction. Furthermore, improved couple satisfaction predicted improvement in spouse's alliance. The clinical implication of these findings should heighten awareness to the importance of establishing and maintaining the alliance of male partners in couple therapy, something that predicts their spouses' couple satisfaction. These findings help nuance the already existing literature on the working alliance. Furthermore, we propose that dyadic analyses should be widely used in any psychotherapeutic research that aims to understand the reciprocal effects of dyads.
Perinatal and neonatal outcomes of women with very early preterm premature rupture of membranes treated via serial transabdominal amnioinfusion and expectant management: Experience of a tertiary referral center in Turkey
Authors: Melekoglu Rauf , Celik Ebru
Published: May 2022

Aim

We compared the outcomes of serial transabdominal amnioinfusion and expectant management on the perinatal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated with very early preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with very early PPROM admitted to the University of Inonu School of Medicine from 2014 to 2019. All such patients received comprehensive counseling on the possible prognoses; all were offered pregnancy termination, expectant management, and serial transabdominal infusion.

Results

Sixty‐three women met the inclusion criteria; 36 were assigned to the expectant management group and 27 were assigned to the amnioinfusion group. The median delivery latency and the gestational age at delivery were significantly higher in the amnioinfusion than the expectant management group [35 (11–90), 14 (7–48), p < 0.001; 27.6 (22.1–34.0), 22.3 (19.0–26.5), p < 0.001, respectively]. Serial transabdominal amnioinfusion was associated with significantly less neonatal mortality than expectant management (29.6 vs 83.3%, p < 0.001). Multivariate binary logistic regression showed that the odds of neonatal mortality were 6.12 times higher among neonates in the expectant management group compared to that of the serial transabdominal amnioinfusion group after adjusting for potential confounders. Severe neonatal morbidities were significantly more common in the expectant management group than in the amnioinfusion group (p = 0.011).

Conclusion

The present study has demonstrated a significant positive effect of serial transabdominal amnioinfusion procedure on latency period and neonatal morbidity and mortality in pregnant women complicated with very early PPROM.
Application of precision medicine in clinical routine in haematology—Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Wästerlid Tove , Cavelier Lucia , Haferlach Claudia , Konopleva Marina , Fröhling Stefan , Östling Päivi , Bullinger Lars , Fioretos Thoas , Smedby Karin E.
Published: May 2022

Precision medicine is revolutionising patient care in cancer. As more knowledge is gained about the impact of specific genetic lesions on diagnosis, prognosis and treatment response, diagnostic precision and the possibility for optimal individual treatment choice have improved. Identification of hallmark genetic aberrations such as the BCR::ABL1 gene fusion in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) led to the rapid development of efficient targeted therapy and molecular follow‐up, vastly improving survival for patients with CML during recent decades. The assessment of translocations, copy number changes and point mutations are crucial for the diagnosis and risk stratification of acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. Still, the often heterogeneous and complex genetic landscape of haematological malignancies presents several challenges for the implementation of precision medicine to guide diagnosis, prognosis and treatment choice. This review provides an introduction and overview of the important molecular characteristics and methods currently applied in clinical practice to guide clinical decision making in haematological malignancies of myeloid and lymphoid origin. Further, experimental ways to guide the choice of targeted therapy for refractory patients are reviewed, such as functional precision medicine using drug profiling. An example of the use of pipeline studies where the treatment is chosen according to the molecular characteristics in rare solid malignancies is also provided. Finally, the future opportunities and remaining challenges of precision medicine in the real world are discussed.
Night‐to‐night associations between light exposure and sleep health
Authors: Mead Michael P. , Reid Kathryn J. , Knutson Kristen L.
Published: May 2022

Previous research has demonstrated that exposure to light preceding and during sleep is associated with poor sleep, but most research to date has utilized either experimental or cross‐sectional designs. The current study expands upon prior studies by using a microlongitudinal design that examines the night‐to‐night associations between light and sleep health in a diverse sample of adults (pre‐registered at osf.io/k5zgv). US adults aged 18–87 years from two parent studies (N = 124) wore an actiwatch for up to 10 nights. Light variables estimated from actigraphy include both average exposure and time above light threshold of 10 (TALT10) and 40 (TALT40) lux both during sleep and for the 1‐hr preceding sleep. Actigraphy‐based sleep variables included sleep offset, duration, percentage and fragmentation index. Higher average light exposure during sleep was associated with a later sleep‐offset time, lower sleep percentage and higher fragmentation index (all p < 0.01). More minutes of TALT10 during sleep was associated with later sleep timing, lower sleep percentage and higher fragmentation index (all p < 0.01), and greater TALT40 during sleep was associated with lower sleep percentage. Light exposure was not related to sleep duration. In summary, greater light exposure during sleep was related to poorer sleep continuity and later wake time. The lack of association between light and sleep duration may be the result of compensating for sleep disruption by delaying wake time. Multi‐level interventions to consistently reduce light levels during sleep should be considered.
Integrating experiments to predict interactive cue effects on spring phenology with warming
Authors: Wolkovich E. M. , Chamberlain C. J. , Buonaiuto D. M. , Ettinger A. K. , Morales‐Castilla I.
Published: May 2022

Climate change has advanced plant phenology globally 4–6 d °C−1 on average. Such shifts are some of the most reported and predictable biological impacts of rising temperatures. Yet as climate change has marched on, phenological shifts have appeared muted over recent decades – failing to match simple predictions of an advancing spring with continued warming. The main hypothesis for these changing trends is that interactions between spring phenological cues – long‐documented in laboratory environments – are playing a greater role in natural environments due to climate change. Here, we argue that accurately linking shifts observed in long‐term data to underlying phenological cues is slowed by biases in observational studies and limited integration of insights from laboratory studies. We synthesize seven decades of laboratory experiments to quantify how phenological cue‐space has been studied and how treatments compare with shifts caused by climate change. Most studies focus on one cue, limiting our ability to make accurate predictions, but some well‐studied forest species offer opportunities to advance forecasting. We outline how greater integration of controlled‐environment studies with long‐term data could drive a new generation of laboratory experiments, built on physiological insights, that would transform our fundamental understanding of phenology and improve predictions.
The effects of combined microwave ablation and open surgery for the treatment of lung cancer‐derived thoracolumbar metastases
Authors: Zhong Guoqing , Zeng Longhui , He Yue , Zeng Xiaolong , Huang Wenhan , Yang Tao , Chu Xiao , Xiao Jin , Yin Dong , Chang Yunbing , Cheng Shi , Zhang Yu
Published: May 2022

Objective

To investigate the clinical effects of microwave ablation (MWA) in addition to open surgery for the treatment of lung cancer‐derived thoracolumbar metastases.

Methods

This was a single‐institution, retrospective, cohort study. From January 2019 to December 2020, a total of 47 patients with lung cancer‐derived thoracolumbar metastases underwent posterior spinal canal decompression and fixation surgery in our hospital. Two independent surgical teams treated these patients. One group underwent open surgery combined with MWA therapy, while the other had open surgery only (control). The pre‐ and post‐operative visual analog scale (VAS) scores and the overall survival (OS) were compared between the MWA and control groups. The Frankel Grade classification was applied for the evaluation of the post‐surgical spinal cord function. Improvement was defined as an increase of at least one rank from the pre‐operative scores. Each patient was evaluated pre‐ and post‐operatively at 48 h, 1 month, and 3‐month intervals. Data on surgical‐related complications were recorded.

Results

Thirty men and 17 women were included, with an average age of 57.9 ± 11.4 years (range, 26–81 years). Twenty‐eight patients underwent MWA and were in the MWA group, and 19 patients were included in the control group. Post‐operatively all patients were followed up regularly; the median follow‐up time was 12 months (range, 3–24 months), and their median OS was 14 months. Patients in the MWA group had a lower VAS score than those in the control group at the 48‐h (1.75 ± 1.01 vs 2.47 ± 0.96, P = 0.01) and 1‐month (1.79 ± 0.92 vs 2.53 ± 1.35, P = 0.048) check‐ups. At the 3‐month evaluation, the VAS score differences between the two groups were not significant (P = 0.133). After surgery, spinal cord function improvement was not significantly different between the MWA and control groups (P = 0.515). MWA therapy combined with open surgery was not associated with increased OS compared with the control group (P = 0.492).

Conclusion

MWA can be an effective and safe pain‐relief method but may not extend the OS of patients with lung cancer.
A Comparative Study of a New Retractor‐Assisted WILTSE TLIF, MIS‐TLIF, and Traditional PLIF for Treatment of Single‐Level Lumbar Degenerative Diseases
Authors: Liu Huanan , Li Jiaqi , Sun Yapeng , Wang Xianzheng , Wang WeiJian , Guo Lei , Zhang Fei , Zhang Peng , Zhang Wei
Published: May 2022

Objectives

To compare the clinical efficacy of a new retractor‐assisted Wiltse transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), minimally invasive TLIF (MIS‐TLIF), and traditional posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) in treating single‐level lumbar degenerative diseases.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted by analyzing the clinical and imaging data of consecutive patients with single‐level lumbar degenerative diseases who underwent the new retractor‐assisted Wiltse TLIF, MIS‐TLIF, or traditional PLIF. This study enrolled 87 concurrent patients between June 2016 and December 2019 (Wiltse TLIF 29 cases; MIS‐TLIF 28 cases; PLIF 30 cases). The three groups were compared for perioperative indicators (including intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, operation time, intraoperative fluoroscopy time, bedridden time), creatine kinase (CK), visual analog score (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, intervertebral fusion rate, muscle atrophy, and fatty infiltration (including ratio of multifidus atrophy and ratio of lean‐to‐total cross‐sectional area [CSA]).

Results

Intraoperative blood loss (F = 62.628, p < 0.001), postoperative drainage volume (F = 72.048, p < 0.001), and bedridden time (χ2 = 62.289, p < 0.001) were significantly lower in the MIS‐TLIF and Wiltse groups than in the PLIF group. The operative and intraoperative radiation times of the MIS‐TLIF group were significantly longer than those of the Wiltse and PLIF groups. The CK concentration in the Wiltse and MIS‐TLIF groups were significantly lower than those in the PLIF group 1 day (F = 9.331, p < 0.001) and 3 days after surgery (F = 15.967, p < 0.001). The PLIF group's back pain VAS score was higher than those of the Wiltse and MIS‐TLIF groups. The PLIF group had a higher ODI 6 months (F = 3.282, p = 0.042) and 12 months (F = 5.316, p = 0.007) after surgery and a lower JOA score than the Wiltse and MIS‐TLIF groups 6 months (F = 3.234, p = 0.044) and 12 months (F = 3.874, p = 0.025) after surgery. The ratio of multifidus atrophy in the PLIF group (41.70 ± 8.84%) was significantly higher than those of the Wiltse group (24.13 ± 6.82%) and the MIS‐TLIF group (22.35 ± 5.03%). The ratio of lean‐to‐total CSA in the PLIF group was lower than those of the Wiltse and MIS‐TLIF groups after surgery (F = 8.852, p < 0.001). MIS‐TLIF group showed longer operation time (169.11 ± 29.38 min) and intraoperative fluoroscopy time (87.61 ± 3.13 s) than the Wiltse group.

Conclusion

Wiltse TLIF assisted by the new retractor is a more convenient and minimally invasive surgical method than the traditional PLIF and MIS‐TLIF methods, which are linked to a long learning curve and long operation and fluoroscopy time.
Practice what you teach: An approach to integrate airway education for experienced anesthesia clinicians
Authors: Daly Guris Rodrigo J. , Toy Serkan , Bruins Benjamin B. , Hu Paula , Laverriere Elizabeth K. , Oke Ayodele , Sequera‐Ramos Luis , Struyk Brian P. , Ward Christopher G. , Fiadjoe John E. , Garcia‐Marcinkiewicz Annery G.
Published: May 2022

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic has disrupted clinician education. To address this challenge, our divisional difficult airway program (AirEquip) designed and implemented small‐group educational workshops for experienced clinicians. Our primary aim was to test the feasibility and acceptability of a small‐group, flexible‐curriculum skills workshop conducted during the clinical workday. Secondary objectives were to evaluate whether our workshop increased confidence in performing relevant skills and to assess the work‐effort required for the new program.

Methods

We implemented a 1:1 and 2:1 (participant to facilitator ratio) airway skills workshop for experienced clinicians during the workday. A member of the AirEquip team temporarily relieved the attendee of clinical duties to facilitate participation. Attendance was encouraged but not required. Feasibility was assessed by clinician attendance, and acceptability was assessed using three Likert scale questions and derived from free‐response feedback. Participants completed pre and postworkshop surveys to assess familiarity and comfort with various aspects of airway management. A work‐effort analysis was conducted and compared to the effort to run a previously held larger‐format difficult airway conference.

Results

Fifteen workshops were conducted over 7 weeks; members of AirEquip were able to temporarily assume participants' clinical duties. Forty‐seven attending anesthesiologists and 17 CRNAs attended the workshops, compared with six attending anesthesiologists and five CRNAs who attended the most recent larger‐format conference. There was no change in confidence after workshop participation, but participants overwhelmingly expressed enthusiasm and satisfaction with the workshops. The number of facilitator person‐hours required to operate the workshops (105 h) was similar to that required to run a single all‐day larger‐format conference (104.5 h).

Conclusion

It is feasible and acceptable to incorporate expert‐led skills training into the clinical workday. Alongside conferences and large‐format instruction, this modality enhances the way we are able to share knowledge with our colleagues. This concept can likely be applied to other skills in various clinical settings.
Molecular cytogenetic identification of a new synthetic amphiploid (Triticum timococcum, AtAtGGAmAm) with a seed setting rate comparable with that of natural Triticum zhukovskyi
Authors: Liu Xiaojuan , Yang Hang , Zhang Minghu , Liu Xin , Peng Ting , Hao Ming , Jiang Bo , Huang Lin , Ning Shunzong , Yuan Zhongwei , Chen Xuejiao , Chen Xue , Liu Dengcai , Zhang Lianquan
Published: May 2022

Triticum timopheevii (AtAtGG) was previously cultivated in western Georgia, and Triticum zhukovskyi (AtAtGGAmAm) is a natural allohexaploid originating from hybridization of T. timopheevii and Triticum monococcum (AmAm). In this study, two synthetic amphiploids (Triticum timococcum, AtAtGGAmAm), Syn‐AtGAm‐20 and Syn‐AtGAm‐21, were developed by chromosome doubling of F1 hybrids between T. timopheevii and T. monococcum. Chromosomes of these two amphiploids were identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) utilizing oligonucleotide probes Oligo‐pSc119.2‐1, Oligo‐pTa535‐1, Oligo‐pTa71‐2 and Oligo‐(AAC)7. Each amphiploid had 42 chromosomes derived from its parents, but the Glu‐A1mx subunits from einkorn were both not expressed. Syn‐AtGAm‐20 had low average seed setting rates of 19.86% and 20.50% in two different years, with abnormal spikes similar to those reported before. Syn‐AtGAm‐21 had normal spikes with average seed setting rates of 65.88% and 61.56% in two different years, comparable with those of natural T. zhukovskyi. However, the relationship between Syn‐AtGAm‐21 and natural T. zhukovskyi requires further study. This research provides new materials for studying the origin of T. zhukovskyi.
Leader subjective ambivalence: Enabling team task performance via information‐seeking processes
Authors: Guarana Cristiano L. , Rothman Naomi B. , Melwani Shimul
Published: May 2022

In this article, we investigate the effects of leader subjective ambivalence on team performance. Integrating the ambivalence literature and social learning theory, we propose a multi‐level model of whether, when, and why team leaders’ subjective ambivalence enhances team performance outcomes. The results of two laboratory experiments (Studies 1 and 2) demonstrate initial support for the relationship between leader subjective ambivalence and information‐seeking behaviors. The results of a longitudinal field study (Study 3) based on 164 projects (164 leaders and 725 subordinates) show that leader subjective ambivalence has a positive indirect effect on team task performance first through leader information‐seeking behaviors and later through team information‐seeking behaviors. Our results further indicate that project complexity is a boundary condition for the proposed conditional indirect effect of leader subjective ambivalence on team performance outcomes. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.