bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an approach to predicting the bioavailability of enteral nutrition products
Authors: Kondratenko V. V. , Agarkova E. Yu.
Published: April 2024

One of the key factors while developing nutritional supplements is their bioavailability. To determine it, expensive and timeconsuming clinical studies of developed products are necessary. Using in silico methods may speed up and reduce the costs of such clinical studies. The purpose of this study is to develop an approach to predicting the integral bioavailability of enteral nutrition products (ENPs) based on a comprehensive analysis of the matrices of components and indicators. The includes a comprehensive empirical study based on a comparative statistical analysis of the matrix of studied ENPs components. Available information on the composition and indicators of 52 commercial ENPs was used as a research object. This information was compiled into a matrix of components and indicators, marked according to the intended purposes of the products. The set of products included in the matrix was divided into 2 subsets: ENPs corresponding to a given intended purpose and other ENPs. This made it possible to separate statistically significant components and indicators that define the intended purpose of the product with a given threshold of the maximum error probability for inequality of mean values. Using Harrington’s desirability principle in relation to the identified components and indicators made it possible to obtain an integral estimate of desirability for a given intended purpose. A vector characterizing the distance from the integral estimate to the ideal value was introduced as equivalent predicted bioavailability. The upper limit of the optimal range is 0.37, the upper limit of the acceptable range is 0.63. The predicted bioavailability vector scale is the inverse of the integral desirability scale. In contrast to Harrington scaling, the lower the predicted bioavailability value, the more preferable it is. Analysis of the introduced indicator allowed us to establish significant variability in commercial ENPs with respect to predicted bioavailability for diabetes mellitus and thermal injury. Based on the proposed predicted bioavailability vector, a principle has been developed for the evolutionary development of a statistical approach to predicting bioavailability when designing ENPs. This principle is a universal addition to the principle of food combinatorics while developing meat, dairy and plant-based ENPs.
Rabbit meat as a potential source of multidrug-resistant and enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus strains
Authors: Mahmoud A. F. A. , Hafezm A. El-S. E. , Abdullatif A. F. , El-tahlawy A. S. , Ras R.
Published: April 2024

Staphylococcus aureus in rabbit meat is a consequence of insufficient hygienic handling and improper processing posing a major health hazard. This study was conducted to assess rabbit meat as a potential source of Staphylococcus species, particularly Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Furthermore, the identified S. aureus isolates were tested for the detection of the mecA virulence gene of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and enterotoxin encoding genes (Sea, Seb, Sec, and Sed). A total of 80 samples of different rabbit meat cuts represented by shoulder, ribs, loin, and thigh (20 of each) were collected from various markets of different sanitation levels. The results obtained revealed that the mean counts of Staphylococcus species were 7.40×105, 7.58×105, 7.60×105 and 8.29×105 CFU/g in the examined shoulder, ribs, loin and thigh samples, respectively. Out of 17 identified S. aureus isolates, 5 (29.4%) strains were characterized by the presence of the mecA gene. A large proportion of the isolates obtained were resistant to at least three antibiotics. Enterotoxins were evaluated by ELISA. The results showed that three strains isolated from shoulder produced Sea, Seb, and Sec enterotoxins, the strains isolated from ribs failed to produce enterotoxins, while two strains isolated from loin and thigh produced Sea enterotoxin. The presence of S. aureus, especially MRSA strains, in the examined rabbit meat indicates the necessity of enforced application of strict hygienic measurements.
Development of a premix based on micellar casein for fortification of meat systems with vitamin A
Authors: Dzhangiryan N. A. , Shipulin V. I. , Volodin D. N.
Published: April 2024

A novel approach to the protection of unstable fat-soluble vitamins, using retinol as an example, is presented in this work. This method is based on introducing vitamin A molecules into casein micelles. Protective properties of micellar casein towards different forms of retinol (native vitamin and palmitic acid ester) in vitro and in emulsion-type meat products are investigated. A technology of the introduction using micellar casein concentrate (MCC) has been developed. Conditions similar to those in which vitamin molecules can be in meat emulsions during heat treatment are simulated in vitro. The optimal time of “encapsulation” (2 hours) and the need for additional surfactant (tween-80) are identified. The use of the casein micelles protection made it possible to increase the number of retinol molecules that did not undergo decomposition under model conditions (in vitro) from ~30% to ~80%. Using the vitamin premix the degree of degradation of vitamin molecules does not exceed 4% after heat treatment. Data received allowed us to determine the efficiency of the protection properties of casein micelles for unstable vitamin A molecules.
Study of the effect of onion husk ethanol extract on the chemical composition and microstructure of meat pates
Authors: Kupaeva N. V. , Bogdanova Yu. I. , Motovilina A. A. , Utyanov D. A. , Knyazeva A. S. , Spirina M. E. , Pchelkina V. A. , Kotenkova E. A.
Published: April 2024

The wide use of antioxidants is due to their involvement in free radical processes in foods and human body. Interest in the use of low-value raw materials providing products with functional properties and increasing their shelf life is rapidly increasing. However, any changes in the formulation and technology may affect the properties and composition of the finished product. During the work, the effect of replacing 34% (sample 1) or 17% (sample 2) beef broth with 70% water-ethanol extract of yellow onion peels in the formulation of the experimental meat pates was investigated. The control product contained only beef broth as liquid. The total antioxidant capacity by the DPPH radical method (TACDPPH), fatty acid composition and amino acid composition were determined; microelement content analysis, proteomic and microstructural studies of meat pate samples with and without the addition of extract were also carried out. For 14 days, TACDPPH values of experimental pates were higher than in control by at least 2.32 times (P<0.10). Samples 1 and 2 were characterized by a decrease in the concentrations of zinc, manganese and magnesium by no more than 14% (P<0.10), with a simultaneous increase in selenium, copper, potassium and calcium of 8% to 17.35% (P<0.10) depending on the microelement. The mass fraction of protein in experimental pates 1 and 2 was higher by 6.76% and 2.73% (P<0.10), respectively, which was due to a decrease in moisture because of ethanol evaporation. Replacing the broth in the formulation affected the decrease in the protein biological value, as evidenced by a decrease in amino acid scores (AASs). However, a decrease in the AAS difference coefficient in experimental pates 1 and 2 by 7.71% and 3.07%, respectively, led to an increase in the biological value of the pates by 7.7% and 3.06%, respectively. Based on the results of proteomic and histological analysis, it was revealed that the addition of ethanol extract did not lead to significant changes in the protein composition and microstructural characteristics of the test samples.
Analysis of the substances migration within the trophic chain “soil — plant — raw meat materials”
Authors: Bazhenova B. , Egorova R. A. , Tcybenov Y. B. , Khankhalaeva I. A. , Dorzhiewa V. V. , Danilov M. B.
Published: April 2024

The trophic chain, which manifests the correlation at nutritional level between various macro- and microorganisms, is an important factor of the ecosystem; it can show the migration of various substances within the chain “soil — water — plant — animals”. The trophic chain in Borgoy depression area was studied due to the profound correlation between the compositional characteristics of the soil and pronounced organoleptic features of meat of the sheep that feed on grass in this area. For the experiments, control and experimental samples of soil, water, plants and mutton meat were examined. The samples taken near the saline lake within the Borgoy depression on the west of Beloozersk village served as an experimental sample. The samples taken 30 km from the salt lake near Petropavlovsk village in the Republic of Buryatia served as control sample. Experiments have shown that the soil of the Borgoy depression is a saline soil, with a depth of the salt horizon of 0–30 cm, and the salt belongs to chloride-sulfate-soda type of salinity. It is noted that the saline soil is characterized by a much higher content of carbonates, chlorides and cations of sodium, potassium and magnesium. Correlation was found between the isotopic composition in soil, vegetation and the raw meat materials. More profound certain organoleptic features of Borgoy mutton were noted. It’s highly probable that this fact is associated with the peculiarities of the mineral, chemical, and amino acid compositions of meat of the livestock that lives in the pastures of the Borgoy depression, characterized by saline soils. Despite the increased content of heavy metals such as lead and copper in the soil, data on sheep muscle tissue showed that all values of toxic elements content are within the permissible concentration range. The transfer of heavy metals from the soil to the aboveground part of plants is hindered by the underground root part, which serves as barrier.
Vertical and lateral manipulation of single Cs atoms on the semiconductor InAs(111)A
Authors: Ligthart Rian A. M. , Coinon Cristophe , Desplanque Ludovic , Wallart Xavier , Swart Ingmar
Published: April 2024

The tip of the scanning tunneling microscope can be used to position atoms and molecules on surfaces with atomic scale precision. Here, we report the controlled vertical and lateral manipulation of single Cs atoms on the InAs(111)A surface. The Cs adatom adsorbs on the In-vacancy site of the InAs(111)A—(2x2) surface reconstruction. Lateral manipulation is possible in all directions over the surface, not just along high-symmetry directions. Both pushing and pulling modes were observed in the height profile of the tip. We assembled two artificial structures, demonstrating the reliability of the manipulation procedures. Structures remained intact to a temperature of at least 44 K.
Speed of sound in dense strong-interaction matter
Authors: Braun Jens , Geißel Andreas , Schallmo Benedikt
Published: April 2024

We study the speed of sound in strong-interaction matter at zero temperature and in density regimes which are expected to be governed by the presence of a color-superconducting gap. At (very) high densities, our analysis indicates that the speed of sound approaches its asymptotic value associated with the non-interacting quark gas from below, in agreement with first-principles studies which do not take the presence of a color-superconducting gap into account. Towards lower densities, however, the presence of a gap induces an increase of the speed of sound above its asymptotic value. Importantly, even if gap-induced corrections to the pressure may appear small, we find that derivatives of the gap with respect to the chemical potential can still be sizeable and lead to a qualitative change of the density dependence of the speed of sound. Taking into account constraints on the density dependence of the speed of sound at low densities, our general considerations suggest the existence of a maximum in the speed of sound. Interestingly, we also observe that specific properties of the gap can be related to characteristic properties of the speed of sound which are indirectly constrained by observations.
AI ASSISTED STUDYING PARTNER FOR STUDENTS
Authors:   AssistantProfessor,DepartmentofInformationTechnology, R.M.K.EngineeringCollegeRSMNagar,Kavaraipettai,Chennai-601206., Mahalingam T. , S. Nishanth ,   DepartmentofInformationTechnology,R.M.K.EngineeringCollegeRSM Nagar, Kavaraipettai, Chennai- 601 206., T. Sanjay ,   DepartmentofInformationTechnology,R.M.K.EngineeringCollegeRSM Nagar, Kavaraipettai, Chennai- 601 206., K. Sathya ,   DepartmentofInformationTechnology,R.M.K.EngineeringCollegeRSM Nagar, Kavaraipettai, Chennai- 601 206.
Published: April 2024

The project includes an AI application designed specifically to parse through huge amountsof content influencing individual human behaviors. Developed for classroom usewhereeachstudentisin a position to meet his or her own standard. Recognizing the difficulty of disparate understanding among learners degrees, the planned system exercises a sophisticated algorithm to ask questions in order to determine the students knowledge level. Through these reviews, the system autonomously regulates the teaching moduleasitdifferentiatesthecontentdelivery,interactivitycomplementingthe assimilation of the material to a particular type of student. The system in question is based on integrating different types of content, especially interactive content, animations,and personal tests, allowing for greater and individualized involvement of the students, developing a living, breathing atmosphere which will stimulate students curiosity and keep them interested in the class. The interplay of the coursematerialsis another way that it will aid in supporting a students academic success.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE USING PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF RECYCLING COARSE AGGREGATE
Authors:   Students, Department of Civil Engineering, Sethu Institute of Technology, Pullor, Kariapatti., Mohammed Nivas S. , Manivelayutham K. ,   Students, Department of Civil Engineering, Sethu Institute of Technology, Pullor, Kariapatti., Aadhithyan M.V. ,   Students, Department of Civil Engineering, Sethu Institute of Technology, Pullor, Kariapatti., Kishore Kumar K. ,   Students, Department of Civil Engineering, Sethu Institute of Technology, Pullor, Kariapatti., Mohamed Meera Maidheen M. ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sethu Institute of Technology, Pullor, Kariapatti.
Published: April 2024

The primary material used in construction is concrete. Cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates, and water make up concrete. However, the quick exhaustion of those resources and, consequently, their rising cost are becoming attention-seeking issues. As a result, the construction industries are facing difficulties related to the simple availability of those resources. This is why a number of solutions, such as the recycling and reuse of building waste, are being used to address the issue. In this area, our initiative seeks to use concrete that has been removed. In this project, we used M40 grade concrete to replace coarse aggregates with destroyed concrete in the following ranges: 0%, 20%, 30%, 50%, The prepared concrete mix is evaluated and compared to standard concrete in terms of workability tests, compressive strength, etc. The test will be run at 7, 14, and 28 days in order to evaluate the strength characteristics.
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA AND FACTORS HINDERING THE UTILIZATION AMONG BENEFICIARIES OF ANEMIA MUKT BHARAT CAMPAIGN AT PUDUCHERRY
Authors:   M.Sc [Nursing]-II Year Sri Manakula Vinayagar Nursing College., R. Sowmiya , S. Manimekalai ,   Reader in Nursing, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Nursing College., K. Sakthypriya ,   Reader in Nursing, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Nursing College., G. Muthamilselvi ,   Principal, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Nursing College.
Published: April 2024

Background : Anemia is a condition in which the number of red blood cell count lower than normal, insufficient hemogloblin levels. It is characterized by fatigue, weakness, dizziness and shortness of breath. A study to assess the prevalence of anemia and factors hindering the utilization among Beneficiaries of Anemia Mukt Bharat Campaign at Puducherry. Methods : Descriptive cross-sectional research design was adopted for this study. Sample size 225. Data were assessed using theDemographic Variables, Anemia Assessment Proforma, Self -developed questionnaire for factors hindering the utilization of Anemia Mukt Bharat Campaign. Results : The study findings revealed that 126(56%) had Mild, 92(40.9%) had Moderate and 7(3.1%) had Severe level of anemia. 126(56%) had Low level and 99(44%) had Moderate level of factors hindering the utilization. 125(55.6%) had [Highest]Lack of knowledge and 3(1.3%) had [Lowest] PoorEconomical Background of factors hindering the utilization among the beneficiaries of anemia Mukt Bharat Campaign. Association between the Factors hindering the utilization of anemia Mukt Bharat Campaign and demographic variable were tested by using chi square test like Educational statusX2= 7.43,P=0.05, Occupational statusX2= 8.94,P=0.03,Family incomeX2= 10.9,P=0.012,Intake of beveragesX2= 5.22,P=0.022 and Family history of any infectious diseaseX2= 6.87,P=0.032 had shown statistically significant with their selected demographic variables. Conclusion : The result of this study showed that Prevalence of anaemia was very high among the study participants . It shows that anaemia is a major public health problem so efforts should be taken to reduce the prevalence of anemia and promote the health of an individual, community as well as the country.
A Hybrid Virtual Assistant for Legal Domain Based on Information Retrieval and Knowledge Graphs
Authors: Faisal Douglas Raevan , Darari Fariz , Ghifari Muhammad Ilham Al , Zamrud Muhammad Zuhdi , O'Vara Marcellino Chris , Tobing Berty Chrismartin Lumban , Lee On
Published: April 2024

Virtual assistants have gained popularity across various domains, including the legal field, where they serve to offer guidance and aid in the form of law retrieval. In this research, our aim is to develop a legal virtual assistant that combines knowledge graphs (KGs) and information retrieval (IR) techniques. This hybrid approach allows us to provide accurate answers extracted from structured interconnected data while simultaneously cater to a diverse range of legal inquiries. We categorize these inquiries into a few distinct use cases: definition lookup, law component lookup, sanctions, and domain knowledge. Our system encompasses a chatbot platform, knowledge graph querying, and information retrieval. Specifically, we construct a VA system over a legal knowledge graph pertaining to the Indonesian Act concerning Manpower or Labor (UU Ketenagakerjaan) and the Indonesian Act concerning the Creation of Jobs (UU Cipta Kerja). This marks the creation of the first legal virtual assistant in the Indonesian context that combines KG and IR methodologies. To evaluate the effectiveness of our prototype system, we conduct tests using a variety of labor law-related questions, ranging in difficulty. The integration of knowledge graphs and information retrieval proves to significantly improve the support provided for a wide range of potential applications in the legal field.
Biometric System for Person Authentication Using Retinal Vascular Branching Pattern
Authors: Susetianingtias Diana Tri , Madenda Sarifuddin , Rodiah  , Arianty Rini
Published: April 2024

The person’s retina has its uniqueness that can be used as biometric recognition. The use of the retina as a marking feature in biometrics is more accurate in making calls, verification, and authentication. Retinal biometric characteristics are unique and difficult to manipulate, thus making the retinal biometric system one of the most reliable biometrics compared to other biometric characteristics. The retinal biometric system can be formed using extracted retinal vessels. The difficulty in extracting retinal vessels is a characteristic of retinal vessels. itself includes (central artery, central branch artery, central vein and central branch vein), the ratio of the thickness ratio between the different retinal arteries and veins (2:3), the location of the retinal artery and vein and the color. This complexity often results in errors in the retinal blood vessel extraction process, where not all blood vessel objects can be extracted properly which can reduce the accuracy of the retinal biometric system. This study will address the problem of extracting retinal vessels by proposing the use of an extraction method to produce truly unique retinal features to be included in the retinal biometric system by tracing all branches of the retinal vessels (consisting of: bifurcation, trifurcation and crossover). ). The accuracy results show that 99.81% of the images were correctly detected. The blood pattern is obtained by doing extraction which includes the preprocessing stage and is continued by doing the blood extraction stage. This pattern extraction result is used as a unique pattern to be included in the feature vector of the biometric system in identifying person based on the retina.
Removal effect of pollutants from stormwater runoff in shallow bioretention system with gramineous plants
Authors: Yang Jing , Luo Hui , Wang Huiteng , Qin Teng , Yang Mingyu , Chen Limin , Wu Xi , He Bao-Jie
Published: April 2024

The bioretention system is one of the most widely used low impact development (LID) facilities with efficient purification capacity for stormwater, and its planting design has been a hot spot for research at home and abroad. In this paper, ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), bermuda (Cynodon dactylon Linn.), bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge), and green grass (Cynodon dactylon × C .transadlensis ‘Tifdwarf’) were chosen as plant species to construct a shallow bioretention system. The growth traits and nutrient absorption ability of four gramineous plants were analyzed. Their tolerance, enrichment, and transportation capacity were also evaluated to compare plant species and their absorptive capacity of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, and Zn). Results showed that the maximum absorption rate (Imax) ranged from 22.1 to 42.4 μg/(g·h) for P and ranged from 65.4 to 104.8 μg/(g·h) for NH4+-N; ryegrass had the strongest absorption capacity for heavy metals and the maximum removal rates of Cu, Pb, and Zn by four grasses were 78.4, 59.4, and 51.3%, respectively; the bioretention cell with ryegrass (3#) was significantly more effective in purifying than the unplanted bioretention cell (1#) during the simulated rainfall test. Overall, the system parameters were optimized to improve the technical application of gramineous plants in the bioretention system.
Contenido de azúcares en raíces reservantes de 106 clones de camote (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) de la colección de germoplasma
Authors: Aliaga R. Pilar , Nieto A. Cecilia
Published: April 2024

Se ha determinado el contenido de azúcares totales y azúcares reductores, en una muestra representativa de la colección de germoplasma mundial de camote libre de patógenos, que mantiene el Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP). Se ha encontrado que el contenido de azúcares en las raíces de camote presenta una gran variabilidad, con un rango desde 8.26% hasta 31.65% (expresados en base seca), para azúcares totales y un rango desde 0.58 hasta 14.07% (expresados en base seca) para azúcares reductores.
Evaluación ecotoxicológica de pesticidas organofosforados sobre Daphnia magna
Authors: Burga P. Karen , Visitación F. Lizardo , Chire M. Teofilo
Published: April 2024

La evaluación ecotoxicológica de los pesticidas organofosforados en el filtrado de suelos, metamidofos, clorpirifos y mezcla de metamidofos-clorpirifos, fue realizada utilizando como organismo de respuesta la Daphnia magna, se midió la toxicidad aguda en función del CL50 (Concentración letal media), así mismo se evaluó el efecto sinérgico de la presencia de estos pesticidas. Finalmente se determinó si existe riesgo ambiental en la actividad agrícola de la localidad de Carapongo donde se emplean estos pesticidas como protección de sus cultivos.
Efectos de la Capacitación Docente en los Profesores de la Especialidad de Ciencia, Tecnología y Ambiente de la UGEL 07 de Lima Metropolitana
Authors: Mar A. Liberio , Gonzales Ch. Celso
Published: April 2024

En el marco del convenio Ministerio de Educación – Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, se desarrolló el Programa Nacional de Formación y Capacitación Permanente con la participación de 1,676 profesores que enseñan en el nivel secundario de menores, pertenecientes a la UGEL 07 Lima Metropolitana. Este proceso de capacitación se llevó a cabo durante cinco meses (agosto – diciembre 2007), desarrollando las siguientes acciones estratégicas: dictado de cursos en la modalidad presencial y no presencial (aula virtual) y las visitas de monitoreo y asesoría al docente en aula y a nivel institucional. Los cursos estuvieron distribuidos en cuatro componentes: Capacidades Comunicativas, Capacidades Lógico Matemáticas, Especialidad Académica y Currículo Escolar. Para este estudio se tomó en cuenta el dictado del componente especialidad, específicamente, de Ciencia, Tecnología y Ambiente (que articula las asignaturas de biología, química y física), con una muestra de 232 profesores; 175 de ellos ubicados en el nivel A y 75 en el nivel B (según logros alcanzados en el examen censal 2007). El instrumento de recojo de información utilizado fue la prueba de entrada y salida (test y retest), que evalúa los contenidos de la especialidad. Los reactivos fueron de selección múltiple. Este instrumento fue aplicado al inicio y al término de la capacitación. Los resultados corresponden a la calificación vigesimal que determinan niveles de logro (destacado, suficiente, intermedio y bajo). Al comparar los resultados en ambos grupos, se aprecia que la mayoría de docentes de esta especialidad alcanzan un nivel de logro superior respecto a la evaluación de inicio, lo que indica que el dictado de los cursos de especialidad ha beneficiado los niveles de desempeño de los docentes y, consecuentemente, reafirma la importancia de la actualización académica permanente de los profesores a fin de mejorar los niveles de enseñanza y aprendizaje de sus alumnos.
Perú: Desarrollo Rural y Política de Estado
Authors: Alarcón N. Jorge
Published: April 2024

Históricamente en el Perú ha existido un divorcio entre el enfoque teórico del desarrollo rural, con un objetivo central distinto al humano, y una práctica promovida por programas y proyectos desarticulados entre sí y orientados hacía actividades que promueven acciones paternalistas y asistencialistas dirigidas a satisfacer una agenda de corto plazo. Ello explica, en buena medida, los altos niveles de pobreza y exclusión social que caracterizan a la población rural del país. Aunque en el presente, se han superado marcos conceptuales teóricos tradicionales del desarrollo rural y se ha avanzado en la incorporación de aspectos relacionados con el desarrollo humano y la conservación de los recursos naturales y el medio ambiente, aún este esfuerzo no se plasma en logros concretos derivados de políticas de Estado integradoras de planes, programas y proyectos dirigidos al cumplimiento de determinados objetivos de Estado a favor del desarrollo rural de territorios específicos. Ello deriva en la consecuente constatación que el marco teórico es necesario pero no suficiente. El enfoque de desarrollo territorial (DTR), teóricamente elegante y comprehensivo, destaca como una propuesta de desarrollo rural reciente, novedosa e integral, fuertemente influenciada por paradigmas utilizados en otras dimensiones geográficas y sociales, lo que limita su aplicación práctica. Para ser exitosa, la propuesta requiere el cumplimiento de –al menos- tres principales requisitos: (a) fortalecimiento de la ingeniería institucional, (b) avances en una genuina descentralización del país, (c) priorización de la agricultura en términos de su importancia en el desarrollo nacional. Sin tales requisitos cualquier esfuerzo de desarrollo tendrá muy pocas posibilidades de éxito.
Evaluación del Control Interno en el Sistema de Abastecimiento de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina
Authors: Quiroz Q. Pedro
Published: April 2024

Un Sistema de abastecimiento mal diseñado puede convertirse en una herramienta bastante peligrosa para la universidad; como los procedimientos no están implementados correctamente, generan retrasos en la entrega de los requerimientos a las diversas facultades de la universidad, así como la demora de atención a los proveedores. Estos son solo algunos de los varios inconvenientes que puede presentar un Sistema de abastecimiento. Por eso es necesario la evaluación del Control Interno en la Gestión del Sistema de Abastecimiento de la Universidad. Con ese fin, debe conocerse cuales son las responsabilidades y objetivos de la organización, el contexto político en donde se desenvuelve, analizar los objetivos versus los resultados y verificar las causas de los desvíos.
CRISPR and Gene Editing: A Game-changer in Drug Development
Authors: Verma Abhishek , Sharma Tarun , Awasthi Ankit
Published: April 2024

CRISPR and gene editing technologies have emerged as transformative tools in medicine, offering
unprecedented precision in targeting genetic disorders and revolutionizing drug development. This review explores
the multifaceted impact of CRISPR across various medical domains, from hereditary diseases to infectious
diseases and cancer. The potential of CRISPR in personalized medicine, therapeutic innovation, and pandemic
prevention is highlighted, along with its role in reshaping traditional drug development processes. However,
alongside its promise, ethical considerations loom large, particularly regarding germline editing and
equitable access to treatments. The commercialization of CRISPR poses further challenges, raising questions
about affordability and healthcare equity. Collaboration among scientists, policymakers, and the public is emphasized
to navigate the ethical and societal implications of CRISPR responsibly. As the field advances, it is
essential to ensure that the benefits of CRISPR are realized while addressing potential risks and maintaining a
commitment to the well-being of future generations.
Role of Radiation-related Lung Function Genes in Prognosis and Immune Infiltration of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Teng Fei , Sun Xiaojing , Ran Yuge , Liu Chan , Shi Hongyun , Tian Yuan
Published: April 2024

Background:

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a common malignant tumor with no
obvious clinical symptoms in its early stages. Patients can be divided into radiotherapysensitive
groups (RS) and radiotherapy-resistant groups (RR) due to their varying conditions.
The therapeutic effect of radiotherapy is quite different between the two groups. Therefore, this
paper explores the role of radiation-related lung function genes in LUAD and its immune landscape.

Methods:

Firstly, we divided LUAD samples from the TCGA cohort into RS and RR groups
and analyzed differential expression to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then,
DEGs and patients' grouping information were input into the weighted co-expression network,
and the genes in the radiotherapy-related modules were identified. Furthermore, after the intersection
of DEGs and lung function-related genes, the prognosis-related genes were obtained
through univariate Cox and Lasso-Cox analyses, respectively, and the risk model was constructed.
Finally, the differences in prognosis and immunity of the samples in the risk model
were explored. Additionally, we also performed a qPCR experiment on lung function-related
genes.

Results:

In this paper, radiation-related genes of LUAD were identified through a series of bioinformatics
analyses. By conducting enrichment analysis on these genes, several pathways related
to LUAD radiation were identified, and DEGs associated with significant prognosis were
determined. Furthermore, a radiation-related risk model of LUAD was developed. All samples
were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the risk score, and the differences in
immune cell infiltration abundance and immune function between these groups were evaluated.
The qPCR experimental results demonstrated a significant difference in the expression of genes
related to lung function.

Conclusion:

The prognosis-related genes identified in this paper and the risk model created can
serve as a reference for diagnosing and treating LUAD.
Nanomaterial-based Electrochemical Sensors for Multiplex Medicinal
Applications
Authors: Traipop Surinya , Jesadabundit Whitchuta , Khamcharoen Wisarut , Pholsiri Tavechai , Naorungroj Sarida , Jampasa Sakda , Chailapakul Orawon
Published: April 2024

This review explores the advancements in nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors
for the multiplex detection of medicinal compounds. The growing demand for efficient and selective
detection methods in the pharmaceutical field has prompted significant research into the development
of electrochemical sensors employing nanomaterials. These materials, defined as functional
materials with at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nanometers, encompass metal nanoparticles,
polymers, carbon-based nanocomposites, and nano-bioprobes. These sensors are characterized
by their enhanced sensitivity and selectivity, playing a crucial role in simultaneous detection
and offering a comprehensive analysis of multiple medicinal complexes within a single sample.
The review comprehensively examines the design, fabrication, and application of nanomaterial-
based electrochemical sensors, focusing on their ability to achieve multiplex detection of various
medicinal substances. Insights into the strategies and nanomaterials employed for enhancing
sensor performance are discussed. Additionally, the review explores the challenges and future perspectives
of this evolving field, highlighting the potential impact of nanomaterial-based electrochemical
sensors on the advancement of medicinal detection technologies.
A Computational Study of Green Tea Extracts and their Derivatives as
Potential Inhibitors for Squalene Monooxygenase
Authors: Mokgopa Kabelo Phuti , Lobb Kevin A. , Tshiwawa Tendamudzimu
Published: April 2024

Background:

According to the World Health Organisation, cardiovascular complications
have been recognized as the leading course of death between 2000 and 2019.
Cardiovascular complications are caused by excess LDL cholesterol in the body or arteries that can
build up to form a plaque. There are drugs currently in clinical use called statins that target HMGCoA
reductase. However, these drugs result in several side effects. This work investigated using
computational approaches to lower cholesterol by investigating green tea extracts as an inhibitors
for squalene monooxygenase (the second-rate-controlling step in cholesterol synthesis).

Methods:

Pharmacophore modeling was done to identify possible pharmacophoric sites based on
the pIC50 values. The best hypothesis generated by pharmacophore modeling was further validated
by atom-based 3D QSAR, where 70% of the data set was treated as the training set. Prior molecular
docking ADMET studies were done to investigate the physiochemical properties of these
molecules. Glide docking was performed, followed by molecular dynamics to evaluate the protein
conformational changes.

Results:

Pharmacophore results suggest that the best molecules to interact with the biological target
should have at least one hydrogen acceptor (A5), two hydrogen donors (D9 and D10), and two
benzene rings (R14 and R15) for green tea polyphenols and theasinensin A. ADMET result shows
that all molecules in this class have low oral adsorption. Molecular docking results showed that
some green tea polyphenols have good binding affinities, with most of these structures having a
docking score of less than -10 kcal/mol. Molecular dynamics further illustrated that the best-docked
ligands perfectly stay within the active site over a 100 ns simulation.

Conclusion:

The results obtained from this study suggest that green tea polyphenols have the
potential for inhibition of squalene monooxygenase, except for theasinensin A.
Effects of Orexin Receptor Antagonist on Cognitive Function in Adults: A
Systematic Review
Authors: Jha Divya , Garg Aakriti , Khan Mohd Ashif
Published: April 2024

Background::

Orexin receptor antagonists (ORAs) are the emerging class of hypnotics
used for the treatment of insomnia. However, from the available literature, the effect of ORA on
cognitive functions is not clear yet. Therefore, the current study aimed to systematically evaluate the
effect of ORA on cognitive function from available clinical studies.

Methods::

The extensive literature search was conducted in various databases, including Pubmed,
Embase, Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov, using suitable keywords. The quality of the included
studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool (ROB2).

Results::

We obtained a total of 450 articles from different databases. Finally, 07 articles met the
inclusion criteria and were included in the current systematic review for qualitative analysis. Available
literature showed conflicting results, with few studies showing no impact of ORA on cognitive
function, while others reported dose-dependent adverse effects of ORA on cognitive function. The
risk of bias in included studies was found to be low.

Conclusion::

In conclusion, ORA is generally safe in clinical doses. However, it is important to note
that there is a dose-dependent decline in cognitive function after the administration of ORA. Therefore,
clinicians must be careful while prescribing ORA and adjust the dose as per the needs of the
individual patients and the potential risk factors.
Levetiracetam Induced Behavioural Changes in an Adult Female Patient:
A Case Report
Authors: Virani Hemangi Amrutbhai , Dabhi Hetal Kantilal , Pargi Piyushkumar Mansinh
Published: April 2024

Background::

Levetiracetam, a relatively recent addition to antiepileptic medications,
is known for its broad-spectrum efficacy in treating partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures
in individuals of all age groups. Despite its favourable tolerability profile, rare instances of psychiatric
side effects have been reported. This case study presents a rare occurrence of significant
behavioural changes attributed to levetiracetam in a young female patient.

Case History::

A 40-year-old woman with a long-standing history of epilepsy, well-managed
with medication, presented with abrupt-onset behavioural changes, including irritability, aggression,
crying spells, insomnia, increased talkativeness, and screaming. Notably, these behavioural
changes were unrelated to seizure activity and emerged without precedent. A dose reduction of
levetiracetam was also attempted, which proved ineffective in mitigating her symptoms.

Conclusion::

Consequently, the drug was discontinued, resulting in the resolution of the behavioural
symptoms. This case highlights levetiracetam as the likely causative factor behind the observed
significant behavioural changes.
Determination of Pralsetinib in Human Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid for Therapeutic
Drug Monitoring by Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass
Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS)
Authors: Zhao Zichen , Pu Qianlun , Sun Tonglin , Huang Qian , Tong Liping , Fan Ting , Kang Jingyue , Chen Yuhong , Zhang Yan
Published: April 2024

Background:

Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS)
is widely used for concentration detection of many Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs), including afatinib, crizotinib,
and osimertinib. In order to analyze whether pralsetinib takes effect in Rearranged during Transfection
(RET)-positive patients with central nervous system metastasis, we aimed to develop a method for the detection
of pralsetinib concentrations in human plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) by UPLC-MS/MS.

Methods:

The method was developed using the external standard method, and method validation included precision,
accuracy, stability, extraction recovery, and matrix effect. Working solutions were all obtained based on
stock solutions of pralsetinib of 1mg/mL. The plasma/CSF samples were precipitated by acetonitrile for protein
precipitation and then separated on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column (2.1×100 mm, 1.8 μm) with a gradient
elution using 0.1% formic acid (solution A) and acetonitrile (solution B) as mobile phases at a flow rate of 0.4
mL/min. The tandem mass spectrometry was performed by a triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry
system (QTRAPTM 6500+) with an electrospray ion (ESI) source and Analyst 1.7.2 data acquisition system.
Data were collected in Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) and positive ionization mode.

Results:

A good linear relationship of pralsetinib in both plasma and CSF was successfully established, and the
calibration ranges were found to be 1.0-64.0 μg/mL and 50.0ng/mL-12.8 μg/mL for pralsetinib in the plasma and
CSF, respectively. Validation was performed, including calibration assessment, selectivity, precision, accuracy,
matrix effect, extraction recovery, and stability, and all results have been found to be acceptable. The method has
been successfully applied to pralsetinib concentration detection in a clinical sample, and the concentrations have
been found to be 475 ng/mL and 61.55 μg/mL in the CSF and plasma, respectively.

Conclusion:

We have developed a quick and effective method for concentration detection in both plasma and
CSF, and it can be applied for drug monitoring in clinical practice. The method can also provide a reference for
further optimization.
Biotechnological Aspects for Micropropagation of Artemisia absinthium L.
Authors: Dhoran Varsha S. , Deshmukh Vishal P. , Nathar Varsha N.
Published: April 2024

Artemisia absinthium L. or ‘wormwood’, commonly known as ‘Dawna’, is a
small perennial herb with a dark fragrance due to glandular trichomes present all over
the plant. Medicinal properties of A. absinthium are known in most of Asia, South
America, and Europe. Essential oil, along with other phytoconstituents, like flavonoids,
phenolic acids, tannins, and lignans, imparts medicinal potential to this species. It
revealed antibacterial, antitumor, antimalarial, antioxidant, anthelmintic, antipyretic,
antidepressant, antiulcer, antiprotozoal, hepatoprotective, neurotoxic and neuroprotective action. Due to its wide range of disease curing potential, A. absinthium
germplasm is always under the pressure of overexploitation and loss of habitat. To
cope with the higher industrial demand of this plant, the use of biotechnological
techniques related to micropropagation can provide the best alternative. In vitro
propagation using any explants has been extensively studied for the conservation of its
plant genetic resources. Other micropropagation methods, such as callus culture, cell
suspension, and organogenesis, have been adapted with the aim of secondary
metabolite extraction and artemisinin enhancement. Modern biotechnological tools
such as Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation are mainly applied to hairy root
and shoot cultures to optimize the biosynthesis of artemisinin. The present review
throws light on various biotechnological studies carried out on A. absinthium,
presenting the respective outcomes.
A Study on the Phonological Phenomena of Jeongju Dialect through Baek Seok’s Literary Works
Authors:   Korean Language & Literature, Song Mi-young
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the phonological phenomena shown in Baek Seok's literary works. Baek Seok(1912~1996) who was born in Ikseong-dong, Galsan-myeon, Jeongju-gun of Pyeonganbuk-do in 1912, graduated from Osan Primary School and Osan High School. After going through the writing practice period, he made his debut as a writer by winning the prize in the Chosun Ilbo New-Year Literary Contest in 1930. After graduating from the Dept. of English in Cheongsan School of Tokyo, he started working as a proofreading reporter of Chosun Ilbo from the following year(1935). For about three years from 1936, he worked as a teacher of Yeongsaeng High School of Hamheung. After the liberation, he moved from his hometown Jeongju to Yanggang-do near Amnok River. Before he passed away in 1996, he cultivated literary people there. Baek Seok published his poetical works Deer in 1936. By following Irish novelist James Augustine Aloysius Joyce who aimed to protect his mother tongue under the British colonization, he utilized proper nouns and sensory words using Pyeongan-do dialect. Except for several native words, the initial law and palatalization were not mostly applied. While the front-vowelization was rarely applied, the high-vowelization was realized into ‘ㅗ > ㅜ’ and ‘ㅓ> ㅡ’, and the umlaut was realized into ‘ㅏ>ㅐ’ and ‘ㅓ>ㅔ’. In most cases, the vowel harmony was not followed while there was the vowel addition for the formation of rules. Such phonological phenomena not only show the characteristics of Jeongju dialect of Pyeonganbuk-do, but also show the renovated form according to the progressive assimilation of each dialect area.
Kawasaki Disease and Respiratory Viruses: Ecological Spatiotemporal Analysis
Authors: Sawires Rana , Clothier Hazel J , Burgner David , Fahey Michael Collingwood , Buttery Jim
Published: April 2024

Background

Kawasaki disease is an uncommon vasculitis affecting young children. Its etiology is not completely understood, although infections have been frequently postulated as the triggers. Respiratory viruses, specifically, have often been implicated as causative agents for Kawasaki disease presentations.

Objective

We aimed to conduct an ecological spatiotemporal analysis to determine whether Kawasaki disease incidence was related to community respiratory virus circulation in a shared region and population, and to describe viral associations before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

We obtained independent statewide data sets of hospital admissions of Kawasaki disease and respiratory multiplex polymerase chain reaction tests performed at two large hospital networks in Victoria, Australia, from July 2011 to November 2021. We studied spatiotemporal relationships by negative binomial regression analysis of the monthly incidence of Kawasaki disease and the rate of positive respiratory polymerase chain reaction tests in different regions of Victoria. Peak viral seasons (95th percentile incidence) were compared to median viral circulation (50th percentile incidence) to calculate peak season increased rate ratios.

Results

While no seasonal trend in Kawasaki disease incidence was identified throughout the study period, we found a 1.52 (99% CI 1.27‐1.82) and a 1.43 (99% CI 1.17‐1.73) increased rate ratio of Kawasaki disease presentations in association with human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus circulation, respectively, before the COVID-19 pandemic. No respiratory viral associations with Kawasaki disease were observed during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions

Our large ecological analysis demonstrates novel spatiotemporal relationships between human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus circulation with Kawasaki disease. The disappearance of these associations in the COVID-19 pandemic may reflect the reduced circulation of non–SARS-CoV-2 viruses during this period, supporting the prepandemic associations identified in this study. The roles of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in Kawasaki disease etiology warrant further investigation.