bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinship in Contemporary Japanese Society : An Overview
Authors: Malek Lopamudra , Akon Md Saifullah
Published: November 2021

The paper seeks to analyse the salient features of the kinship structure in Japan and how it plays it is significant role to form the traditional Japanese values. The paper also tries to analyse the changing nature of the kinship system in contemporary Japanese society from its traditional family (IE) system. The paper follows the qualitative method of research where the data has been collected from both academic and non-academic sources. By analysing the kinship structure of different periods in Japan, the paper finds that during the IE family system of the Tokugawa period, Japan gives less weight to kinship relations than other Asian countries. The feeling on son, either related to blood or adopted, marks the major distinction with other societies to find out the kin and non-kin. Following the IE system, the paper finds another two major events behind the weaken kinship structure in Japan: the emergence of koseki since the Meiji restoration and the rise of corporate culture during the contemporary period.

Social Science Review, Vol. 37(2), Dec 2020 Page 105-124
Women’s Participation in Decision Making Structures and Processes: A Case Study on the Local Government Institution in Bangladesh
Authors: Das Mahanambrota , Nahar Nazmun , Ahmed Asib , Nandi Rajasree
Published: November 2021

Since 1976, women’s participation has been empowered as part of the development discourse for achieving sustainable development in Bangladesh. Women’s empowerment in the local government structures and processes has a substantial influence on the National Gender Policy of Bangladesh. This study has critically assessed the extent of the women’s participation in the decisionmaking processes of the Local Government Institutions (LGIs) through participants’ observation, qualitative and quantitative methods. The study evolves the success and failure attempts of the women’s participation in the LGI’s structures and decision-making processes as per Local Government (Union Parishad) Act-2009. The study also finds the UPs are too politicized to make them socially inclusive, pro-poor friendly and distribute equally the benefits of aids and social safety net services. The centralized power of UP chairs, manipulation and tokenism practices in the UP’s governance and decision-making processes had diminished the gender sensitivity, transparency, and accountability of the institution. The study also suggests increasing the number of women representatives in UP’s structures, making functional the roles of woman’s vice-chair, activating the Ward level meetings, standing committees and project implementation committees, as well as regularizing the effective monitoring with transparent and accountable manner for making the UP gender responsive and people oriented.

Social Science Review, Vol. 37(2), Dec 2020 Page 267-286
Efficiency Across Hospitals in Bangladesh: Results from Stochastic Frontier Analysis
Authors: Bhuiyan Sharmeen Mobin , Sulatana Nasrin
Published: November 2021

The health sector of Bangladesh achieved many of its goals. The sector, however, faces challenges. One major challenge is low efficiency. In a resourcepoor country, inefficiency leads to the waste of available resources widening the financing gap of the health sector. A technically efficient production unit produces a large amount of output with a given amount of inputs using a given state of technology. Technical efficiency of the district hospitals in Bangladesh is measured using the secondary source of data applying stochastic frontier analysis. Results show that the efficiency of some facilities is quite low and there is a mismatch of utilization rate and efficiency levels of the district hospitals. Measures like reducing absenteeism, increasing healthcare demand, and ensuring proper functioning of all inputs should be taken to enhance the efficiency and utilization of the district hospitals.

Social Science Review, Vol. 37(2), Dec 2020 Page 145-159
Adaptation of the Deo-Mohan Achievement Motivation (N-ACH) Scale for Urban Students in Bangladesh
Authors: Mahjabin Samira , Sultana Most Aeysha
Published: November 2021

Achievement motivation is a major secondary drive that makes a person strive towards challenging goals and achieving success. So, it is necessary to learn the measures of achievement motivation of the adolescents and take steps accordingly in the educational setting for their betterment. There is a lack of measuring tools of achievement motivation in Bangladesh. Considering the significance of the tool, the current study aimed to adapt the Deo-Mohan Achievement Motivation (n-Ach) scale in the Bangladeshi cultural perspective. The scale was adapted following the ITC guidelines and was administered on 228 adolescents aged from 13 to 19 years. The sample was chosen using the purposive and convenient sampling techniques. Collected data indicated satisfactory reliability (Cronbach’s alpha, test-retest reliability coefficient). Item analysis was done by calculating the item-total correlation. Content validity was checked by experts and correlation with Rosenberg self-esteem scale was measured to see the concurrent validity. Exploratory factor analysis was done to see the construct validity. Factor analysis results revealed that the 10 factors of the Bangla n-Ach scale together explained 58.33% of the total variance. Thus, the adapted version of Deo-Mohan Achievement Motivation (n-Ach) Scale is expected to be a reliable and valid scale to measure achievement motivation of Bangladeshi adolescents.

Social Science Review, Vol. 37(2), Dec 2020 Page 287-299
The Outlook of Supply Chain Management Amid Covid 19 Pandemic : An Explorative Analysis of Recent Research
Authors: Yasmin Shakila
Published: November 2021

The outbreak of Corona virus pandemic started in China near the end of 2019. Since then, the virus has spread over all corners of the world and has been taking huge toll of people’s life. The nature of contamination and spread of the virus has disrupted all sorts of business and social activities let alone the supply chains. Supply chain professionals and their stakeholders are working hand in hand to tackle the challenges and exploring ways to covert the challenges into opportunities to tap on. Scholars with interest in supply chain management are not only scrutinizing the situation but also taking up research to analyse the situation and provide data driven, knowledge-based recommendations. This research takes an explorative approach to identify the major themes, approaches, findings, recommendations generated by the body of literature focusing on supply chain management issues during and after the COVID 19 pandemic. Recent research articles on the topic are identified and downloaded using key word search from Google Scholar, Taylor & Francis, Harvard Business Publishing, Elsevier, Wiley, Emerald and Springer sites. 20 articles were selected for in-depth analysis based on the following criteria-written in English, relevance to the topic, publication in peer reviewed journals listed in Scopus data base, and accessibility of full paper. The systematic analysis of literature done in this study helps in identification and categorization of the key research in the field in terms of their context, focus, current and potential impacts, prescribed responses, and future outlooks. The study also detects the research gaps and offers direction to advance future research on the topic. Practitioners can use the findings of the study as a reference to devise their supply chain strategies and plan of actions amid COVID 19.

Social Science Review, Vol. 37(2), Dec 2020 Page 161-181
The Urban Poor and Livelihood Vulnerability: Are Gender, Age and Marriage Intertwined
Authors: Mannan Fouzia
Published: November 2021

Dhaka is the capital city and the single fastest growing metropolis in Bangladesh – by 2020 its population will have increased thirty-fold to over ten million. This rapid population growth is largely facilitated by mass rural-to-urban migration. The speed of urbanization and the enormous numbers involved make it one of the major development challenges of the 21st century (World Bank & Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies, 1998). Neither public nor private facilities can meet the basic human needs (food, water, shelter, sanitation, and a safe environment) of slum dwellers, most of whom also lack livelihood security. To understand the magnitude of urban poverty, this research explores the question of whether gender, age and marital status are indeed linked to livelihood vulnerability among the urban poor. It has utilized qualitative methods of data collection -FGDs, case studies (based on in depth-interviews) and participant observation from a selected slum in Dhaka- Begultila. Results of this study has indicated that both physical and emotional vulnerabilities have a crucial impact on the livelihood pattern of the slum dwellers of Begultila. To understand the state and nature of poverty in Begultila it is important to consider non-economic factors, which have a very strong role in enhancing vulnerability among the urban poor, particularly with children, women, and the elderly. This study sheds new light on urban poverty in relation to livelihood vulnerability; and consequently, highlights the diverse experiences of the urban poor and the livelihood insecurity that automatically categorizes them as one of the most vulnerable groups within the slum community. This form of livelihood vulnerability has a crucial effect on the nature and quality of life of the urban poor, particularly for women, which in turn, perpetuates the cycle of poverty.

Social Science Review, Vol. 37(2), Dec 2020 Page 217-237
The Role Of ‘Think-Pair-Share’ In Enhancing the Moroccan University Students’ Speaking Skills in Online Classes
Authors: Benjelloun Mounia
Published: November 2021

Speaking English as a foreign language presents one of the most common challenges for learners of English due to many factors related to their perception of the teacher as “a sage on the stage,” their own shyness, a lack of appropriate vocabulary and accurate grammar, and a lack of cooperative learning skills. To help students remedy this problem, the Think-Pair-Share’ strategy was used in this study of online classes during the COVID 19 pandemic. Research has demonstrated that learners can improve their speaking skills and learn more effectively through meaningful collaboration and sharing. This study aims to investigate the role of the Think-Pair-Share’ approach in promoting students’ speaking skills. The study adopts a qualitative approach and addresses the following two research questions: (i) To what extent does the Think-Pair- Share help in improving students’ speaking skills? (ii) How can this improvement be justified? Twenty-eight first-year Moroccan university students took part in this study. The research instruments used combined pre- and post-speaking tests, students’ self-evaluation, and classroom observations. Data were video recorded, analysed qualitatively using the FCE speaking-assessment criteria, and compared to the students’ self- evaluation of their own performance. The results show that the Think-Pair-Share strategy enabled predominantly average and weak students to exchange their views on a range of familiar topics with more ease, confidence, and fluency using more appropriate vocabulary and a clearer organisation of ideas. Although the learners still had problems with their pronunciation and accurate grammar, they demonstrated better interactive communication.
Modeling Underdog Entrepreneurs Journey in Iran: A Mixed Method Approach
Authors: Shabanpour Mohamed
Published: November 2021

The term underdog entrepreneur (UE) is increasingly used among scholars to discuss successful disabled, immigrant, and necessity entrepreneurs who encounter significant challenges in their early lives. However, their characteristics and business obstacles in emerging economies remain unclear. This research offers insights by answering two questions: (1) how do physical, socio-cultural, and economic challenges motivate underdog individuals to become entrepreneurs? And (2) what are UEs’ unique challenges following establishing their ventures in Iran? First, this research develops a theoretical model by providing insights from 76 secondary data and 18 in-depth interviews using topic modeling. Subsequently, a survey method is conducted to collect data from underdog entrepreneurs in Iran. Structural Equation Modeling is performed to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. The findings reveal that negative situations create experiences, which lead to innovativeness, risk-tolerance, skilled communications, and persistence, which mediate the entrepreneurship journey. Moreover, UEs confront governmental, managerial, and environmental challenges to maintain their businesses in Iran's emerging economy. In the end, practical suggestions were presented to governors, entrepreneurs, and scholars regarding how they can manage these challenges, paving the way for UEs' success to positively impact economic growth.
Re-reporting the Crystal Structure of Copper Complex from Another Point of View
Authors: Akitsu Takashiro , Suda Shintaro , Katsuumi Natsuki
Published: November 2021

We faced an example of re-reporting of the crystal structure, which was studied from another perspective. With the development of data-driven science, the efficiency of all researchers may be improved if the rules of data "reuse", which are different from "novelty", are established. In this context, the crystal structure of a copper(II) complex with 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid, C14H8O8CuN2.H2O (monohydrate), was re-determined by us again. It has a different number of crystalline water molecules in a crystal of the same copper(II) complex previously reported (trihydrate). Interestingly, both crystal structures have been reported again and again by many researchers for a long time. What’s novelty for each report?
Features of bonuses for employees of multifunctional centers in Moscow
Authors: Babynina L.S. , Evleeva N.I.
Published: November 2021

The article has devoted to the analysis of the bonus system in the multifunctional center (MFC) of the regional significance of the South-Eastern Administrative District of Moscow. The authors considered the dynamics of the creation and development of the MFC, the coverage of the population with the MFC network, general approaches to the formation of the system of remuneration of budgetary institutions, conducted a survey among employees of their satisfaction with the bonus system. To eliminate the noted shortcomings in the current bonus system, proposals for to improve it.
Employee engagement and its relationship to the organization’s motivational programs
Authors: Bobkova E.R. , Sidorov N.V.
Published: November 2021

The topic of the article is relevant due to the fact that most organizations use certain incentive programs, but do not know how to properly assess their effectiveness. The article examines such an indicator of the effectiveness of motivational programs as the involvement of employees in their work. After all, employee engagement plays such a big role in today’s competitive business world. And rightly so - the failure or success of an enterprise mainly depends on their employees [1].
Human capital management of an organization and methods for assessing its effectiveness
Authors: Lanchakov A.B.
Published: November 2021

At present, the personnel policy is increasingly beginning to cover areas that were not previously taken into account, including the sphere of labor conflicts and relationships, the role of social programs carried out by the organization, etc.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the professional and qualification structure of the company’s personnel
Authors: Shumilina D. D. , Mirgorod E.E.
Published: November 2021

The study of the professional and qualification structure of the company’s personnel is important and significant for identifying factors in the growth of labor productivity. On the example of a real company, the effectiveness of the professional and qualification structure of its personnel is analyzed.
Entrepreneurship in the Digital Economy: Opportunities and Threats
Authors: Altukhov V.V. , Kolesnikov A.V.
Published: November 2021

The article examines the sequence of the development of entrepreneurship in the digital economy, as well as the approach to the definition of “digital economy”, the significance of the digital economy in the modern world, opportunities and threats in this area.
Sağlık Çalışanlarında COVID-19 Temas Durumu, Risk Kategorisi ile Sonrasında Oluşan Klinik Tablonun ve Prognozun Araştırılması: Erken Pandemi Deneyimi
Authors: ÖNDER Taylan , ALKAN Sevil , DOĞAN Ebru , ŞENER Alper
Published: November 2021

Amaç: COVID-19 bulaşı açısından en riskli grup sağlık çalışanlarıdır. Bu çalışma ile temaslı sağlık çalışanlarının çalıştığı birim, KKE kullanım durumu, risk kategorisi, klinik tablo ve takipteki prognoz ile alakalı ilişkilerin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya hastanemizde 23 Mart 2020-1 Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında COVID-19 vakası ile teması olan sağlık çalışanları dahil edildi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen sağlık çalışanları, çalıştığı ana birimlere göre 3 gruba ayrıldı ve değerlendirildi. Bunun yanında çalışmaya dahil edilen sağlık çalışanları, çalıştığı birimlerden bağımsız olarak KKE kullanım durumu ve risk kategorilerine göre de gruplara ayrıldı ve değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 42 sağlık çalışanı dahil edildi. Toplam olası vaka sayısı 10 (%23,8) olarak saptandı. 42 kişinin hiçbirinde SARS-CoV-2 PCR pozitifliği saptanmadı. Hiçbir olası vakada hastaneye yatış gereksinimi olmadığı ve hepsinin şifa ile takipten çıkarıldığı saptandı. Oransal olarak en fazla olası vaka yoğun bakım ünitesinde görüldü (%42,8). En yüksek oranda KKE olmadan temas ise acil serviste görüldü (%87,5). Tüm KKE’leri eksiksiz kullanan ve KKE kullanım durumuna göre riskli temaslı olarak değerlendirilmeyen 15 kişi (%35,7) mevcuttu; ancak KKE’lerin eksiksiz kullanılmasına rağmen bu 15 kişinin 4’ünde (%26,6) olası vaka saptandı.

Sonuç: Hastanemiz gibi COVID-19 hastalarının bakımının yapıldığı merkezlerde KKE kullanımına yönelik uyumun artırılması için eğitimler verilmesi gerekmektedir. Bunun yanında sağlık çalışanlarının çalışma koşulları KKE kullanımına yönelik uyumu artıracak şekilde düzenlenmelidir. Bahsedilen konular ile alakalı ilişkilerin daha detaylı anlaşılması için daha çok sayıda sağlık çalışanının dahil edildiği çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Bir Sanayi Sitesinde Küçük Ölçekli İşyerlerinde Çalışanların Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Düzeyi
Authors: SEZGİN Öznur , USKUN Ersin
Published: November 2021

Giriş ve amaç: Bireylerin kendi sağlıkları üzerinde sahip oldukları kontrolü artırmayı sağlama süreci sağlığın geliştirilmesi sürecidir. Yeterli sağlık bilgisine ve yeterli düzeyde sağlık okuryazarlığına sahip olmak, bireylerin bu sürece katılımını üst düzeye çıkarır. Çalışanlarda sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin bilinmesi özellikle çalışanların sağlığını geliştirme çalışmalarında hedefe yönelik çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmesi için yararlı olabilir.

Bu çalışmanın amacı; sanayi içinde bulunan küçük ölçekli işyerlerinde çalışanların sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeylerinin ve ilişkili faktörlerin belirlenmesidir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel analitik tipteki bu çalışma, 2019 yılında, Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde bulunan bir ilin sanayi sitesindeki küçük ölçekli işyerlerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Uygun örnek büyüklüğü hesaplanmış, basit rasgele ve küme örnekleme yöntemleri kullanılarak örnek seçimi yapılmış ve183 kişiye ulaşılmıştır (ulaşma düzeyi %91,5). Yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle ve anket kullanılarak veriler toplanmıştır. Sağlık okuryazarlığı, Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği (TSOY-32) kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. İstatistik analizde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, ki-kare testi ve lojistik regresyon analizleri kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Araştırma grubunun %54,6’sı 40 yaş ve üstünde, %88,5’i erkek, %48,1’i otomotiv sektöründe çalışanlardan oluşmaktadır. Araştırma grubunun %56,3’ünün sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyi yetersiz-sınırlı düzeyde, %43,7’sinin yeterli-mükemmel düzeydedir. Tek değişkenli analizlerde, yeterli-mükemmel sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyine sahip olanların sıklığı, 40 yaş altında, kadın, lise ve üstünde eğitim almış, sosyal statü algısı iyi-mükemmel olanlarda ve çalışma süresi 20 yıl altında olanlarda diğerlerine göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur (sırasıyla p
Bilimsel Araştırmalar Ne Kadar Bilimsel: Karıştırıcılar, Çarpıştırıcılar Ve Etki-Ölçüm Değiştiriciler
Authors: HAYRAN Osman
Published: November 2021

Bilimsel araştırmaların başlıca amacı gerçeği bulmak olduğu halde pek çok araştırma sonuçlarının bunu başaramadığı, bazen dikkatsizlik ve özensizlik bazen acelecilik çoğunlukla da yöntem bilgisi yetersizliği yüzünden gerçeğin çok uzağında kaldığı görülmektedir. Bilim ve teknolojideki tüm gelişmelere rağmen halen tıpta nedeni ve tedavisi bilinmeyen onlarca hastalık bulunmakta, özellikle nedensellik konusundaki bilgilerimiz yerinde saymaktadır. Yayınlanan araştırmaların planlanmasından tasarımına, kullanılan yöntemlerden veri toplama biçimine, toplanan verilerin analizinden yorumuna kadar her aşamada yapılabilen sayısız hata ve yanlılıklar söz konusudur. Özellikle sistematik hata olarak da bilinen yanlılıkların araştırma sonuçlarını farkında olmadan bambaşka bir yöne çekebildiği bilinmektedir. Bu yanlılıkların en önemlileri arasında yer alana “karıştırıcılık”, “etkileşim” ve “çarpıştırıcılık” neden-sonuç ilişkilerinin incelenmesi sırasında çok karşılaşılan, fark edildiğinde kontrolü mümkün olan, fark edilmediğinde ise bulguları çarpıtarak değersizleştiren yanlılık kaynaklarıdır. Bunların ne oldukları, nasıl oluştukları ve nasıl kontrol edilebilecekleri konuları ilgili literatür ışığında özetlenmiştir.
Collaborative Network Analysis and Bibliometric Analysis of Publications on Diabetic Foot Infection
Authors: GÜRLER Müjgan , ALKAN Sevil , ÖZLÜ Can , AYDIN Bünyamin
Published: November 2021

Aim: As the number of people with diabetes mellitus is increasing globally, its consequences are worsening. People with diabetes are prone to foot problems that develop due to prolonged periods of high blood sugar levels diabetic foot disease (DFD) results in a major global burden for patients and the health care system. It is important to fully understand the characteristics of DFD, which is a major cause of mortality, for early diagnosis and definitive treatment. Our study aimed to examine DFD studies and guide the studies to be planned in the future.

Materials and methods: In our study, the Web of Science (WOS) database was scanned to search for publications until February 28, 2021. While the data obtained in our study were analyzed to present various bibliometric indicators, the maps were visualized using the VOS viewer program (VOS viewer). The Hirsch (H) index and impact factor (IF) of the publishing journal were used as indicators of the impact of the publications. The publications containing the keywords 'Diabetic foot' and 'Diabetic foot disease' or 'Diabetic foot infection' were examined.

Results: A total of 802 publications were reached from the WOS database according to the search criteria. The most publications were from the USA (32.941%), Turkey (9.412%), and England (8.431%). Most of the publications were articles (63,6%) and meeting abstracts (16,9%). 19,4% of the publications were in the endocrinology and metabolism area. The average number of citations of these 802 publications was found to be 20,98. The H index was found to be 53. It was determined that the number of citing rates of publications on diabetic foot infections has increased over the years, however, it was determined that the number of publications on this subject decreased over the years.

Conclusion: This is the first bibliometric study on DFD. Bibliometric analysis should be used more widely to evaluate the quality of the increasing academic paper and guide the missing study issues.
Available Chemical Constituents and Activities of Ganoderma Lucidum (Lingzhi or Red Reishi) Utilizing in Disease Treatment: A mini review
Authors: Vo Thi Sinh , Vo Tran Thi Bich Chau , Vo Tran Thi Thu Ngoc
Published: November 2021

Medicinal mushrooms are known and used to be nutraceuticals for centuries to enhance health benefits as well as to treat several diseases. Among them, Ganoderma Lucidum (i.e.: G. Lucidum, or red Reishi, or Lingzhi) is appreciated as a medicinal mushroom or significant herbal food for treating diseases, extending life and developing drug. It is detected in different locations, likely contributed confusing concerning its classification. Concomitantly, it has utilized as tea, in alcoholic drinking, and as a complementary medicine to bestow numerous health benefits. Thereby, it is truly important to identify chemical constituents and provide its activities in health benefits regarding these products. Herein, we hope that it is likely a good and right approach for utilizing and encouraging this product, as well as its advantages will be shortly summarized in disease treatments.
A comparative study of community medicine and public health curriculum at medical schools in Iran and North America
Authors: Changiz Tahereh , Alizadeh Mahasti
Published: November 2021

Background: Community medicine and public health are the core subjects in medical education. One of the main competencies of general physicians in the national curriculum is having knowledge and skills in health promotion and disease prevention in the health system. Any curriculum revision in community medicine departments needs to incorporate the evidence and use pioneer countries’ experiences in this issue. This study aims to compare community medicine and public health courses in medical schools between Iran and selected universities in North America. Methods: The elements of a community medicine curriculum for medical students were compared in a descriptive-comparative study using the Bereday model. These elements included objectives and competencies, educational strategies, teaching and learning methods, assessment, and educational fields in a community medicine curriculum in Iran and in selected universities in North America. A literature search was conducted in CINAHL, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EBSCO, and on university websites. Results: Essential aspects of community-based strategies among community medicine and public health curriculum of general medicine in universities in Canada and the United States included a longitudinal approach, training in urban and rural primary care centers, teaching by family physicians and health center staff, a spiral curriculum, focus on social determinants of health, taking of social and cultural histories and social prescriptions, learning teamwork, and using LIC (Longitudinal Integrated Curriculum). Conclusion: The objective of community medicine and public health curriculum in selected North American universities was to prepare general practitioners who work in Level 2 and 3 hospitals and to improve their skills to provide high-quality services to the community. Some of the successful points in the selected universities that could be replicated in Iranian faculties of medicine included using integration strategy, a spiral curriculum, and an LIC approach.
Rural principal perspectives of leadership development needs
Authors: Wells Tommy , Chimka Madeline , Kaur Sukhdeep
Published: November 2021

Rural school principals often face issues of professional isolation and lack of access to leadership development opportunities. To address these challenges, the Elgin Children’s Foundation launched its Principal Support Program (PSP) in 2017 to support the development of effective school leaders in three states with high rural student populations in the Appalachian region. The PSP posited four components as essential for principal development: professional development, networking, mentoring, and learning plans. The aim of this qualitative study was to determine what PSP participants believed to be the most effective in terms of principal development. Results indicate that because of PSP training, rural principals grew from managers to instructional leaders and changed their mindsets and practices regarding shared leadership. Principals believed that they benefited most from the networking and coaching that the PSP provided. Future professional development for rural principals should consider a focus on opportunities to learn with and through others.
Will They Stay or Will They Go? Leadership Behaviors That Increase Teacher Retention in Rural Schools
Authors: Frahm Matthew , Cianca Marie
Published: November 2021

Hard-to-staff rural schools often struggle to attract and retain promising educators. Experts have consistently identified administrative support in rural schools to be of unique importance for recruitment and retention, yet a lack of clarity continues to surround the specific leadership behaviors that new teachers interpret as supportive. This qualitative study collected data from three focus groups; including superintendents, principals, and teachers in a program for aspiring administrators; and found that rural schools have to try much harder and in more active ways to retain new teachers because of the constraints existing within rural education. Rural school support for new teachers needs to be a collective responsibility to positively impact the retention of new teachers and the structural supports, affirmation, and encouragement offered by their organizations help to heighten the retention of new teachers. The study confirms that rural school leaders can leverage leadership behaviors to better retain talented teachers.
Exploring Rural Engineering Students’ College-Choice Process at Two Land-Grant Universities
Authors: Rachel Worsham  , Ashley Clayton  , Joy Gaston Gayles
Published: November 2021

This qualitative case study examines the college choice decisions of rural students enrolled in engineering majors to understand what conditions and experiences led rural students to pursue engineering at their institution. We found four themes that help illuminate rural engineering students’ college choice journeys (1) The Inextricable Nature of College, Major, and Career Choice (2) “The Smart Person Thing to Do:” The Power of Prestige, (3) “Are You Sure You Don’t Want to Change your Major?” Dissonance Between Aspirations and Expectations, and (4) School and Community as Crucial Resources in College and Major Exploration. These findings have implications for those working with rural high school students seeking engineering degrees and admissions processes at four-year colleges and universities.
Commentary: Times Article on Rural School Misses Half the Story—Educational Success
Authors: Williams Sheneka , Tieken Mara Casey
Published: November 2021

Despite lack of funding, rural schools can serve as sites of learning, community, and excellence. We need to understand both the problems and opportunities to make good education policy. This commentary was originally published in the October 6th edition of The Daily Yonder.
Predictive Analysis of Higher Education Graduation and Retention in Saudi Arabia u sing Multinomial Logistic Regression
Authors:   College of Engineering, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia., Bagabir Ahmed , Zaino Mohammad ,   College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia., Abutaleb Ahmed ,   College of Engineering, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia., Fagehi Ahmed ,   College of Education, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Published: November 2021

It is suggested that this study contributes by establishing a robust methodology for analyzing the longitudinal outcomes of higher education. The current research uses multinomial logistic regression. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first logistic regression analysis performed at Saudi higher education institutions. The study can help decision-makers take action to improve the academic performance of at-risk students. The analyses are based on enrollment and completion data of 5,203 undergraduate students in the colleges of engineering and medicine. The observation period was extended for ten academic years from 2010 to 2020. Four outcomes were identified for students: (i) degree completion on time, (ii) degree completion with delay, (iii) dropout, and (iv) still enrolled in programs. The objectives are twofold: (i) to study the present situation by measuring graduation and retention rates with benchmarking, and (ii) to determine the effect of twelve continuous and dummy predictors (covariates) on outcomes. The present results show that the pre-admission covariates slightly affect performance in higher education programs. The results indicate that the most important indicator of graduation is the student's achievement in the first year of the program. Finally, it is highly suggested that initiatives be taken to increase graduation and retention rates and to review the admissions policy currently in place.
A New Neural Network Based Sliding Mode Adaptive Controller for Tracking Control of Robot Manipulator
Authors:   Department of Instrumentation Engineering, Jorhat Engineering College, Jorhat, Assam, India,, Pathak Monisha , Buragohain Mrinal ,   Department of Electrical Engineering, Jorhat Engineering College, Jorhat, Assam, India
Published: November 2021

In this paper a New RBF Neural Network based Sliding Mode Adaptive Controller (NNNSMAC) for Robot Manipulator trajectory tracking in the presence of uncertainties and disturbances is introduced. The research offers a learning with minimal parameter (LMP) technique for robotic manipulator trajectory tracking. The technique decreases the online adaptive parameters number in the RBF Neural Network to only one, lowering computational costs and boosting real-time performance. The RBFNN analyses the system's hidden non-linearities, and its weight value parameters are updated online using adaptive laws to control the nonlinear system's output to track a specific trajectory. The RBF model is used to create a Lyapunov function-based adaptive control law. The effectiveness of the designed NNNSMAC is demonstrated by simulation results of trajectory tracking control of a 2 dof Robotic Manipulator. The chattering effect has been significantly reduced.
GANs and VAEs As Methods of Synthetic Data Generation and Augmentation to Enhance Heart Disease Prediction
Authors:   Department of Computer Engineering, Terna Engineering College, Navi-Mumbai, India., Sahoo Rohit , Naik Vedang ,   Department of Computer Engineering, Terna Engineering College, Navi-Mumbai, India., Singh Saurabh ,   Department of Computer Engineering, Terna Engineering College, Navi-Mumbai, India., Malik Shaveta ,   Associate Professor, Department of Computer Engineering, Terna Engineering College, Navi-Mumbai, India.
Published: November 2021

Heart disease instances are rising at an alarming rate, and it is critical and essential to predict any such ailments in advance. This is a challenging diagnostic that must be done accurately and swiftly. Lack of relevant data is often the impeding factor when it comes to various areas of research. Data augmentation is a strategy for improving the training of discriminative models that may be accomplished in a variety of ways. Deep generative models, which have recently advanced, now provide new approaches to enrich current data sets. Generative Models like Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) are frequently used to generate high quality, realistic, synthetic data essential for machine learning algorithms as they play a critical role in various classification problems. In our case, we were provided with 304 rows of heart disease data to create a robust model for predicting the presence of an ailment in the patient. However, the identification of heart disease would not be efficient given the small amount of available training data. We used GAN, CGAN, and VAE to generate data to tackle this problem, thus augmenting the original data. This additional data will help in increasing the accuracy of the models created using the new dataset. We applied classification-based Machine Learning models such as Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, KNN, and Random Forest. We compared the accuracy of the said models, each of which was supplied with the original dataset and the augmented datasets that used the data generation techniques mentioned above. Our research suggests that using data generation techniques significantly boosts the accuracy of the machine learning techniques applied to them.
E xploration E xploitation Problem in Policy Based Deep Reinforcement Learning for Episodic and Continuous Environments
Authors:   Department of Computer Engineering, Terna Engineering College, Navi-Mumbai, India., Naik Vedang , Sahoo Rohit ,   Department of Computer Engineering, Terna Engineering College, Navi-Mumbai, India., Mahajan Sameer ,   College of Engineering, Penn State University, Paoli, PA, USA., Singh Saurabh ,   Department of Computer Engineering, Terna Engineering College, Navi-Mumbai, India., Malik Shaveta ,   Associate Professor, Department of Computer Engineering, Terna Engineering College, Navi-Mumbai, India.
Published: November 2021

Reinforcement learning is an artificial intelligence paradigm that enables intelligent agents to accrue environmental incentives to get superior results. It is concerned with sequential decision-making problems which offer limited feedback. Reinforcement learning has roots in cybernetics and research in statistics, psychology, neurology, and computer science. It has piqued the interest of the machine learning and artificial intelligence groups in the last five to ten years. It promises that it allows you to train agents using rewards and penalties without explaining how the task will be completed. The RL issue may be described as an agent that must make decisions in a given environment to maximize a specified concept of cumulative rewards. The learner is not taught which actions to perform but must experiment to determine which acts provide the greatest reward. Thus, the learner has to actively choose between exploring its environment or exploiting it based on its knowledge. The exploration-exploitation paradox is one of the most common issues encountered while dealing with Reinforcement Learning algorithms. Deep reinforcement learning is the combination of reinforcement learning (RL) and deep learning. We describe how to utilize several deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms for managing a Cartpole system used to represent episodic environments and Stock Market Trading, which is used to describe continuous environments in this study. We explain and demonstrate the effects of different RL ideas such as Deep Q Networks (DQN), Double DQN, and Dueling DQN on learning performance. We also look at the fundamental distinctions between episodic and continuous activities and how the exploration-exploitation issue is addressed in their context.
Pigeon M etheuristic Optimized Generative Adversarial Networks and ARKFCM Algorithms for retinal V essel Segmentation and Classification
Authors:   Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Krishna University, Machilipatnam (AP), India., Kumar Dr. R. Kiran , Arunabhaskar K. ,   Department of Information Technology, Aditya Engineering College, Surampalem (AP), India., Mani Mala Dr. CH. ,   MBBS, DO, FCO (LVPEI), Senior Consultant & Phaco Surgeon, Vasan Eye Care, Kakinada (AP), India.
Published: November 2021

Automatic evaluation of retinal vessels acts a significant part in diagnosis of several ocular and systemic diseases. Eye diseases must be diagnosed early to avoid severe infection and vision loss. The method of segmentation and classification of the retinal blood vessel identification is most difficult tasks in computerized fundus imaging now a days. To solve this problem in this paper, to locate retinal vessel in the retinal vessel, Adaptive Regularized Kernel Based Fuzzy Clustering Means (ARKFCM) algorithm-based segmentation is used. For retinal vessel prediction purpose in this paper a PIGEON optimization-based learning rate modified Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) algorithm is introduced. Additionally, to improve the proposed classification performance input image is transformed with the aid of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The DWT applied Low Low (LL) image and segmented images are cascaded. The cascade images are used for training and testing. The proposed system has validated with the help of DRIVE and STARE publically available datasets. They are studied by applying a Convolutional Neural Network, an instantly trained neural network for predicting retinal vessel. In the end, the system is checked for system efficiency using the results of modeling based on MATLAB. The scheme guarantees an accuracy of 92.77% on DRIVE dataset and 98.85% on STARE dataset with a minimum average classification error of 2.57%. Further, we recommended to physician for implement the real time clinical application; this scheme is highly beneficial for doctors for identifying retinal blood vessels.
Use and E ffect of Google Ads Effect of Google Ads for M arketing S uccess
Authors:   Graduate School IIC, Universitiy of Technology, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, Wenning Sebastian
Published: November 2021

The present article examines success factors by using and implementing google ads in enterprises. In order to assess the importance of google ads for marketing success, the first step is to classify the importance of google as a search platform. Measured in terms of page views, google was the clear market leader in the search engine market with a market share of 87.66 percent, ahead of Bing and Yahoo. 5.8 billion search queries per day - two trillion search queries per year - also generate opportunities for companies to present themselves and win customers. The results of this research suggest that the keyword for successful online marketing in SEA focuses on relevance. Only if content is created that, in addition to the actual promotion of a product or service, leads to further and for the user target-oriented information, the campaign experiences a quality upgrade, which not only affects the ranking and quality factors, but also the conversion behavior of customers. Based on the execution of a literature review, which has been carried out with emphasis on empirical studies and essays since 2010, four main success factors, such as presentation and content of the website, accordingly keyword marketing, the complementary use of analytics, and ad extension have been evolved.
Study of Bandgap Energy of Novel Nanocomposite
Authors:   Department of Physics, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), India, Sudhakaran Allwin , Sudhakaran Ashwin ,   Department of Physics, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), India, Senthil E. Siva ,   Department of Physics, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), India.
Published: November 2021

In this novel work, we have studied the optical properties of CuBaM-CZFO nanocomposites. (Cu0.5Ba0.5Fe12O19)1-x/ (Co0.6Zn0.4 Fe2O4) x [where x=0.1,0.2] nanocomposites were synthesized individually by sol-gel citrate method and then made into nanocomposites by physical mixing technique. Further characterization over their structural, morphological and optical properties were carried out in detail. With the help of UV analysis, the optical properties such as, the band gap energy was discovered which is found using Tauc’s plot. The bandgap energy is 2.6503eV for CuBaM-CZFO 90-10 which is lesser than CuBaM-CZFO 80-20 (2.8456eV). The structural, morphological and optical properties of novel CuBaM-CZFO nanocomposite are reported and compared with, both among themselves and from the literature review.
Efektivitas Pemanfaatan Aplikasi Instagram Dalam Edukasi Pencegahan Penularan Covid-19 Dikalangan Mahasiswa
Authors: Theresia Giofanny , Maulana Anwar , Puspita Finna , Effendy Femmy
Published: November 2021

Media sosial adalah suatu aplikasi untuk berkomunikasi dengan orang lain yang memanfaatkan internet. Namun pada kondisi pandemi COVID-19 ini media sosial dapat dimanfaatkan tidak hanya untuk berkomunikasi dengan orang lain saja tetapi juga sebagai pusat informasi mengenai vaksin, informasi mengenai ketersediaan oksigen, informasi mengenai jumlah pasien COVID-19, informasi situasi dan kondisi terkini,edukasi pencegahan dan perlindungan dari COVID-19, dukungan moral dari komunitas virtual, dan sarana hiburan. Dalam media sosial berbagai informasi tersebut disajikan dengan cara yang unik dan menarik sehingga masyarakat tertarik dan mudah mengerti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar efektifitas dan pengaruh dari pemanfaatan aplikasi Instagram dalam mengedukasi pencegahan penularan COVID-19 di kalangan mahasiswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada karya tulis ilmiah ini adalah penelitian descriptive. Sedangkan metode yang di lakukan adalah metode survey dimana penelitian mengambil sampel dari populasi dan menggunakan kuisoner sebagai alat pengumpulan data yang pokok. Sampel yang di ambil sebanyak 51 Responden dengan menggunakan teknik teknik Non Probability Sampling dengan metode Sampling Jenuh (sensus), yaitu pengambilan sampel bila semua responden dalam populasi dijadikan sampel. Hasil Analisis dimana hasil analisis descriptive statistic jawaban indicator penelitian mengenai pemanfaatan aplikasi Instagram dalam edukasi pencegahan penularan COVID-19 di kalangan mahasiswa dapat mencapai tujuannya secara efektif, sesuai dengan hasil kuisoner yang didapat sebagian besar responden memberikan respon postif dan setuju bahwa aplikasi instagram efektif dalam mengedukasi mahasiswa mengenai pencegahan penularan COVID-19.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Geografis Penyelenggara Pernikahan di Kabupaten Karawang
Authors: Darmansyah Darmansyah , Wahidin M. , Apriani Novi
Published: November 2021

Penyelenggara pernikahan adalah layanan pribadi yang dioperasikan karyanya membantu calon pengantin. Keluarga berencana dan mengawasi pelaksanaan acara rangkaian pesta pernikahan sesuai jadwal dan anggaran yang telah ditetapkan. Di tengah kesibukan dalam mempersiapkan penampilan diri secara sempurna bagi calon pengantin, hampir tidak mungkin bagi calon pengantin untuk memeriksa sendiri kesiapan perlengkapan pesta seperti dekorasi, catering, dan lain-lain. Oleh sebab itu di butuhkan suatu aplikasi untuk membantu calon pengantin dalam menghadapi persiapan pernikahan, dengan menyediakan sebuah aplikasi sistem untuk mendapatkan informasi penyelenggara pernikahan dan perlengkapan pernikahan lainnya secara mobile.  Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk merancang sistem ini adalah System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) waterfall.  Sistem informasi geografis penyelenggara pernikahan di kabupaten Karawang dirancang agar dapat memudahkan pencari penyelenggara pernikahan dalam mencari lokasi pemilik penyelenggara pernikahan dan memudahkan pencari dalam mencari informasi tentang penyelenggara pernikahan. Sistem ini dibuat agar pencari penyelenggara pernikahan dapat menghemat waktu dalam mempersiapkan pernikahan dan dapat mencari lokasi yang lebih dekat dengan rumah calon pengantin, selain itu memudahkan dalam mencari penyelenggara pernikahan yang sesuai harapan, dapat mengetahui harga dan melakukan booking ataupun COD (Cash On Delivery).