bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kajian Aspek Ergonomi pada Laboratorium Komputer untuk Meningkatkan Kenyamanan Belajar Siswa
Authors: Herwanto Dene , Nugraha Asep Erik , Kusnadi Kusnadi
Published: June 2018

Sebagai salah satu fasilitas pembelajaran, laboratorium komputer perlu dirancang sebaik-baiknya dengan memperhatikan aspek ergonomi, sehingga kenyamanan dan motivasi belajar siswa menjadi lebih baik serta prestasi yang setinggi-tingginya dapat tercapai. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengkaji aspek-aspek ergonomi dalam ruang laboratorium komputer RPL di SMK Plus Laboratorium Indonesia Karawang. Data yang diperlukan adalah data kenyamanan belajar siswa yang diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner, serta data kenyamanan termal, kebisingan, dan pencahayaan yang diperoleh melalui pengukuran langsung. Data tersebut selanjutnya diolah, dikaji, dan dievaluasi berdasarkan standar dan peraturan yang berlaku. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa merasa tidak nyaman terhadap kondisi termal dan pencahayaan yang ada. Selain itu juga diperoleh hasil bahwa kondisi termal dan pencahayaan berada di bawah standar yang ada, sedangkan kondisi kebisingan masih menenuhi standar. Dengan demikian, pihak manajemen sekolah perlu melakukan perbaikan terhadap kondisi termal dan pencahayaan dalam laboratorium komputer agar tingkat kenyamanan belajar siswa menjadi lebih baik.Kata kunci: ergonomi, kenyamanan belajar, kenyamanan termal, kebisingan, pencahayaanComputer laboratory as one of the learning facilities should to be designed as well as possible by considering ergonomics aspects, so as to ensure students learning comfort and student learning motivation to be better and achievement as high as can be achieved. This research is intended to study aspects of ergonomic in the computer laboratory of Software Engineering Department in SMK Plus Laboratorium Indonesia Karawang. The data required are student learning comfort data which obtained through questionnaire distribution and thermal comfort, noise, and lighting data were obtained through direct measurement. Furthermore, data were processed, studied and evaluated based on applicable standards and regulations. The results of data processing show that most students feel uncomfortable to the existing thermal and lighting conditions. It also obtained the result that the thermal and lighting conditions are below the existing standard, while the noise conditions still meet the standards. Thus, the school management should to make improvements to the thermal and lighting conditions in the computer laboratory so that students comfort level to be better.Keywords: ergonomics, learning comfort, thermal comfort, noise, lighting
Three-Component One-Pot Condensation of 2-Hydroxy-1,4-Naphthoquinone with Aromatic Aldehydes and Methyl Carbamate: Synthesis of 4-aryl-3,4-Dihydronaphtho[3,4-e][1,3]Oxazine-2,5,10-Trione in Aqueous Media
Authors: Ghaffari-Nia Nooshin , Hassanabadi Alireza
Published: June 2018

A green and efficient method for oxazine ring formation is established using the reaction of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and aromatic aldehydes with methyl carbamate catalysed by p-toluenesulfonic acid in aqueous media to afford 4-aryl-3,4-dihydronaphtho[3,4- e][1,3] oxazine-2,5,10-triones in excellent yields. The salient features of this protocol are short reaction times and high yields while avoiding any hazardous organic solvent. Therefore, this procedure could be classified as green chemistry.
Efficient Preparation of Potassium Arylmethylene-4-(1H-Pyrazol-5-ol)-4′-(1H-Pyrazol-5-Olate) Derivatives via a Four-Component Reaction
Authors: Wang Ting , Yu Yang , Qing Xushun , Dai Chenlu , Wang Cunde
Published: June 2018

A four-component reaction was investigated to prepare potassium arylmethylene-4-(1 H-pyrazol-5-ol)-4′-(1 H-pyrazol-5-olate) derivatives from dialkyl but-2-ynedioates, phenylhydrazine, substituted benzaldehydes and potassium carbonate without any catalyst or promoter. The structure of a typical product was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The advantages of the present methodology are efficiency, broad scope, operational simplicity, high yields and mild reaction conditions.
Relationship between Speed Characteristics and Traffic Safety on Freeways in Mainland China
Authors: Tang Ziyue
Published: June 2018

Based on the traffic accidents statistical data of 10 typical freeways in mainland China, by using of some kinds of regression model, the influences of the average vehicle speed and the speed standard deviation on the traffic safety are studied. According to the regression results, the accidents show an increasing trend with the increase of the vehicle average speed and the speed standard deviation. On this basis, in view of the regression results, the strategy is put forward for controlling the vehicle average speed and the speed standard deviation, which has important theoretical and practical significance for improving highway safety. After a comprehensive comparison among these regression methods, it is found that the nonlinear regression method of user-defined model expression has the best fitting effect, and it can also more accurately describe the objective reality. It has high practicality and popularized value.
Chromosome Translocations and Cosmic Radiation Dose in Male U.S. Commercial Airline Pilots
Authors: Grajewski Barbara , Yong Lee C. , Bertke Stephen J. , Bhatti Parveen , Little Mark P. , Ramsey Marilyn J. , Tucker James D. , Ward Elizabeth M. , Whelan Elizabeth A. , Sigurdson Alice J. , Waters Martha A.
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND: Chromosome translocations are a biomarker of cumulative exposure to ionizing radiation. We examined the relation between the frequency of translocations and cosmic radiation dose in 83 male airline pilots.METHODS: Translocations were scored using fluorescence
in situ hybridization chromosome painting. Cumulative radiation doses were estimated from individual flight records. Excess rate and log-linear Poisson regression models were evaluated.RESULTS: Pilots’ estimated median cumulative absorbed dose was 15 mGy (range 4.5–38).
No association was observed between translocation frequency and absorbed dose from all types of flying [rate ratio (RR) = 1.01 at 1 mGy, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97–1.04]. However, additional analyses of pilots’ dose from only commercial flying suggested an association (RR
= 1.04 at 1 mGy, 95% CI 0.97–1.13).DISCUSSION: Although this is the largest cytogenetic study of male commercial airline pilots to date of which the authors are aware, future studies will need additional highly exposed pilots to better assess the translocation-cosmic radiation
relation.Grajewski B, Yong LC, Bertke SJ, Bhatti P, Little MP, Ramsey MJ, Tucker JD, Ward EM, Whelan EA, Sigurdson AJ, Waters MA. Chromosome translocations and cosmic radiation dose in male U.S. commercial airline pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(7):616–625.
In-Flight Management of a Supraventricular Tachycardia Using Telemedicine
Authors: Voerman Jessica J. , Hoffe Mary E. , Surka Sam , Alves Paulo M.
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND: Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a common presenting arrhythmia in the general population. Cases of SVT presenting during commercial air travel are always challenging as they might be confused with other conditions requiring different treatment strategies. We
present a case of an in-flight SVT that was successfully managed using telemedicine support.CASE REPORT: A 33-yr-old woman developed chest pain and dizziness while on an international commercial flight. Vital signs obtained on an on-board telemedicine device recorded an initial
heart rate and blood pressure of 220 bpm and 128/78 mmHg, respectively. An electrocardiogram (ECG) was also obtained and transmitted to the ground-based medical support (GBMS) center where an SVT was diagnosed. Vagal maneuvers were recommended which resulted in a return to sinus rhythm and
stabilization of the patient.DISCUSSION: In parallel to the global increase in commercial air travel, it is expected that the incidence of in-flight arrhythmias will also increase, including SVTs. Vagal maneuvers are a safe, first-line option. While treating patients with a symptomatic
tachyarrhythmia it is essential to diagnose the underlying arrhythmia, especially when initial maneuvers fail. Telemedicine, with transmission of vital signs and ECGs to GBMS centers, can enable diagnosis and guide management of in-flight SVTs, distinguishing them from other forms of cardiac
arrhythmia. Undifferentiated chest pain and dizziness are common causes for flight diversions and, as such, could potentially be prevented in some instances by using telemedicine.Voerman JJ, Hoffe ME, Surka S, Alves PM. In-flight management of a supraventricular tachycardia using
telemedicine. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(7):657–660.
L'Affaire Fillon, Le Canard enchaîné et « Le Journal de Penelope F. »
Authors: Coulomb-Gully Marlène
Published: June 2018

Depuis l’élection présidentielle de 2007, qui a pour la première fois porté une femme parmi les finalistes – Ségolène Royal pour le Parti socialiste – le genre a fait son entrée officielle sur la scène politique. La présidentielle de 2017 confirme l'importance de la dimension genrée dans le jeu électoral. Nous analysons ici un épisode majeur de cette élection, dont il a définitivement infléchi le cours et révélé le caractère sexué: l'affaire Fillon, encore nommée « Fillongate » ou « Penelopegate » (le choix des termes n'est pas sans importance), telle qu'en a rendu compte Le Canard enchaîné, en particulier à travers l’étude du « Journal de Penelope F. ».
Efficient Deep Learning-Based Automated Pathology Identification in Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography Images
Authors: Ji Qingge , He Wenjie , Huang Jie , Sun Yankui
Published: June 2018

We present an automatic method based on transfer learning for the identification of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME) from retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. The algorithm aims to improve the classification performance of retinal OCT images and shorten the training time. Firstly, we remove the last several layers from the pre-trained Inception V3 model and regard the remaining part as a fixed feature extractor. Then, the features are used as input of a convolutional neural network (CNN) designed to learn the feature space shifts. The experimental results on two different retinal OCT images datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Effects of Mind–Body Movements on Balance Function in Stroke Survivors: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zou Liye , Yeung Albert , Li Chunxiao , Chiou Shin-Yi , Zeng Nan , Tzeng Huey-Ming , Wang Lin , Ren Zhanbing , Dean Taquesha , Thomas Garrett Anthony
Published: June 2018

Objective: We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression to determine if mind–body movements (MBM) could be effective in rehabilitating balance function among stroke survivors. Methods: A literature search was conducted using major Chinese and English electronic databases from an inception until January 2018. Randomized controlled studies were included in our meta-analysis. Data was independently extracted by two review authors using a pre-developed table and confirmed by a third party to reach a consensus. Pooled effect size (Hedge’s g) was computed while the random-effect model was set. Results: The meta-analytic results showed a significant benefit of the MBM intervention on increased balance function compared to the control groups (Hedge’s g = 1.59, CI 0.98 to 2.19, p < 0.001, I2 = 94.95%). Additionally, the meta-regression indicated that the total number of sessions (β = 0.00142, 95% CI 0.0039 to 0.0244, p = 0.0067) and dose of weekly training (β = 0.00776, 95% CI 0.00579 to 0.00972, p = 0.00) had significantly positive effects on balance function. Conclusions: The study encouraging findings indicate the rehabilitative effect of a MBM intervention for balance function in stroke survivors. However, there were significant limitations in the design among several of the included trials. Additional studies with more robust methodologies are needed to provide a more definitive conclusion.
Do Chinese Preschool Children Eat a Sufficiently Diverse Diet? A Cross-Sectional Study in China
Authors: Jiang Hua , Zhao Ai , Zhao Wenzhi , Tan Shengjie , Zhang Jian , Zhang Yumei , Wang Peiyu
Published: June 2018

Background: This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate dietary diversity and its associated factors in Chinese preschoolers and explore whether the daily food consumption of children with different dietary diversity-associated characteristics met recommended dietary amounts. Methods: A cross-sectional study covering seven cities and two villages was conducted and included 697 preschool children aged 3–7 years old. Dietary diversity score (DDS) and DDS 10 were calculated based on 24-h dietary recall. The food-intake differences among children with different DDS 10 predictors were examined. Results: The mean DDS and DDS 10 in Chinese preschool children were 7.4 ± 1.5 (ranged from 3 to 9) and 7.0 ± 3 (ranged from 3 to 9) respectively. Positive predictors of dietary diversity included residing in an urban environment, a higher household expenditure on children’s food, and a higher frequency of eating outside. Food-intake differences existed among the predictors. Conclusions: Education and intervention should be strengthened to improve the dietary diversity of preschool children, especially in rural areas. The overall dietary pattern of children requires attention, which means not only increasing dietary diversity but also avoiding an unbalanced diet.
Antioxidant Peptides from Goat Milk Fermented by Lactobacillus casei L61: Preparation, Optimization, and Stability Evaluation in Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluid
Authors: Shu Guowei , Shi Xiaoyu , Chen Li , Kou Jianbo , Meng Jiangpeng , Chen He
Published: June 2018

Antioxidant peptides are currently the focus of many studies, since they eliminate free radicals in the human body without harmful effects. In the present study, Lactobacillus casei L61 was used as a starter culture to ferment goat milk because of its high capacity to produce antioxidant peptides. An optimal nutrients formula (casein, casein peptone, glucose, soybean peptone, inulin, calcium lactate, and cysteine) was investigated by Plackett–Burman (P–B) and Box–Behnken (B–B) designs for response surface methodology (RSM). Antioxidant peptides were successively isolated and purified from the fermented goat milk. Furthermore, the stability of the antioxidant peptides was evaluated in a simulated gastrointestinal tract at 37 °C. The results showed that calcium lactate, glucose, and casein peptone significantly affected the antioxidant activity of goat milk. The optimal additive amounts were 0.99% (w/v) calcium lactate, 0.21% (w/v) glucose, and 0.29% (w/v) casein peptone. The hydroxyl free radical scavenging rate increased significantly (p < 0.001) from 56.50 ± 0.57% to 88.01 ± 0.69%; the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging rate increased up to 63.48 ± 1.22% under the optimal conditions (n = 3). Our research provides a fitted mathematical model for antioxidant peptides production. Besides, these antioxidant peptides had great stability during simulated gastrointestinal digestion.
Physical Retrieval of Land Surface Emissivity Spectra from Hyper-Spectral Infrared Observations and Validation with In Situ Measurements
Authors: Masiello Guido , Serio Carmine , Venafra Sara , Liuzzi Giuliano , Poutier Laurent , Göttsche Frank-M.
Published: June 2018

A fully physical retrieval scheme for land surface emissivity spectra is presented, which applies to high spectral resolution infrared observations from satellite sensors. The surface emissivity spectrum is represented with a suitably truncated Principal Component Analysis (PCA) transform and PCA scores are simultaneously retrieved with surface temperature and atmospheric parameters. The retrieval methodology has been developed within the general framework of Optimal Estimation and, in this context, is the first physical scheme based on a PCA representation of the emissivity spectrum. The scheme has been applied to IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Interferometer) and the retrieved emissivities have been validated with in situ observations acquired during a field experiment carried out in 2017 at Gobabeb (Namib desert) validation station. It has been found that the retrieved emissivity spectra are independent of background information and in good agreement with in situ observations.
An Assessment of Critical Reflection in Management Education for Sustainability: A Proposal on Content and Form of Shared Value Rationality
Authors: Brunstein Janette , Sambiase Marta Fabiano , Brunnquell Claudine
Published: June 2018

This article describes and analyzes a proposal for the teaching-learning of strategic management for business students, from the angle of critical reflection (CR) presuppositions. The proposal was designed to broaden the dominant rationality in teaching strategies at business schools and has been in progress since 2011 in a Brazilian business school. We argued that changes in the organizational environment and in competition demand not only a review of strategy theoretical content, but also of the way that strategy is taught with more critical and reflective teaching-learning approaches. We conducted a survey to analyze the results of this educational experience from students’ points of view. Considering a sample of 165 undergraduate students who have taken the course since its implementation, we evaluated the students’ CR levels. The results present implications for professors, business schools, and researchers, revealing challenging aspects and also CR enhancers in the context of the undergraduate strategy initiative. We expect that the described experience can be replicated and improved in comparative studies in different geographical and disciplinary contexts, encouraging the evaluation and promotion of CR in the teaching of strategic management in business education.
FOTOKAMEROS IR KITŲ TIPŲ JUTIKLIAI, TAIKOMI CHEMINIAMS ELEMENTAMS APTIKTI IR GRADIENTUI ĮVERTINTI
Authors: Daugėla Ignas , Sužiedelytė Visockienė Jūratė
Published: June 2018

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos technologiškai pažangios priemonės aplinkos medžiagoms, taršai ar oro kokybei tirti. Nuotolinių tyrimų sistemų komponentų vystymas daro įtaką pažangių technologijų taikymo galimybes. Pateikiama informacija apie šiuo metu esamas hiperspektrines kameras, veikimo principinė schema. Į sistemas integruojami įvairių modelių ir skiriamosios gebos lazeriniai jutikliai, kurie reikalingi cheminiams elementams aptikti. Apžvelgiamos konstruojamos atvirojo kodo platformos ir jų integravimas į bepiločių orlaivių sistemas. Šių platformų užfiksuoti žemės paviršiaus ar vertikalių nuotraukų duomenys pritaikomi aplinkos parametrams stebėti.
Albedos of Centaurs, Jovian Trojans, and Hildas
Authors: Romanishin W. , Tegler S. C.
Published: June 2018

We present optical V band albedo distributions for middle solar system minor bodies including Centaurs, Jovian Trojans, and Hildas. Diameters come mostly from the NEOWISE catalog. Optical photometry (H values) for about two-thirds of the ∼2700 objects studied are from Pan-STARRS, supplemented by H values from JPL Horizons (corrected to the Pan-STARRS photometric system). Optical data for Centaurs are from our previously published work. The albedos presented here should be superior to previous work because of the use of the Pan-STARRS optical data, which is a homogeneous data set that has been transformed to standard V magnitudes. We compare the albedo distributions of pairs of samples using the nonparametric Wilcoxon test. We strengthen our previous findings that gray Centaurs have lower albedos than red Centaurs. The gray Centaurs have albedos that are not significantly different from those of the Trojans, suggesting a common origin for Trojans and gray Centaurs. The Trojan L4 and L5 clouds have median albedos that differ by ∼10% at a very high level of statistical significance, but the modes of their albedo distributions differ by only ∼1%. We suggest the presence of a common “true background” in the two clouds, with an additional more reflective component in the L4 cloud. We find, in agreement with Grav et al. that the Hildas are darker than the Trojans by 15%–25%. Perhaps the Hildas are darker because of their passage near perihelion through zone III of the main asteroid belt, which might result in significant darkening by gardening.
High-precision Orbit Fitting and Uncertainty Analysis of (486958) 2014 MU69
Authors: Porter Simon B. , Buie Marc W. , Parker Alex H. , Spencer John R. , Benecchi Susan , Tanga Paolo , Verbiscer Anne , Kavelaars J. J. , Gwyn Stephen D. J. , Young Eliot F. , Weaver H. A. , Olkin Catherine B. , Parker Joel W. , Stern S. Alan
Published: June 2018

NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft will conduct a close flyby of the cold-classical Kuiper Belt Object (KBO) designated (486958) 2014 MU69 on 2019 January 1. At a heliocentric distance of 44 au, “MU69” will be the most distant object ever visited by a spacecraft. To enable this flyby, we have developed an extremely high-precision orbit fitting and uncertainty processing pipeline, making maximal use of the Hubble Space Telescope’s Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) and pre-release versions of the ESA Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) catalog. This pipeline also enabled successful predictions of a stellar occultation by MU69 in 2017 July. We describe how we process the WFC3 images to match the Gaia DR2 catalog, extract positional uncertainties for this extremely faint target (typically 140 photons per WFC3 exposure), and translate those uncertainties into probability distribution functions for MU69 at any given time. We also describe how we use these uncertainties to guide New Horizons, plan stellar occultions of MU69, and derive MU69's orbital evolution and long-term stability.
Planetary Candidates from K2 Campaign 16
Authors: Yu Liang , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Schlieder Joshua E. , Kosiarek Molly R. , Feinstein Adina D. , Livingston John H. , Howard Andrew W. , Benneke Björn , Petigura Erik A. , Bristow Makennah , Christiansen Jessie L. , Ciardi David R. , Crepp Justin R. , Dressing Courtney D. , Fulton Benjamin J. , Gonzales Erica J. , Hardegree-Ullman Kevin K. , Henning Thomas , Isaacson Howard , Lépine Sébastien , Martinez Arturo O. , Morales Farisa Y. , Sinukoff Evan
Published: June 2018

Given that Campaign 16 of the K2 mission is one of just two K2 campaigns observed so far in “forward-facing” mode, which enables immediate follow-up observations from the ground, we present a catalog of interesting targets identified through photometry alone. Our catalog includes 30 high-quality planet candidates (showing no signs of being non-planetary in nature), 48 more ambiguous events that may be either planets or false positives, 164 eclipsing binaries, and 231 other regularly periodic variable sources. We have released light curves for all targets in C16 and have also released system parameters and transit vetting plots for all interesting candidates identified in this paper. Of particular interest is a candidate planet orbiting the bright F dwarf HD 73344 (V = 6.9, K = 5.6) with an orbital period of 15 days. If confirmed, this object would correspond to a 2.56 ± 0.18 R
⊕ planet and would likely be a favorable target for radial velocity characterization. This paper is intended as a rapid release of planet candidates, eclipsing binaries, and other interesting periodic variables to maximize the scientific yield of this campaign, and as a test run for the upcoming TESS mission, whose frequent data releases call for similarly rapid candidate identification and efficient follow up.
Introducing CGOLS: The Cholla Galactic Outflow Simulation Suite
Authors: Schneider Evan E. , Robertson Brant E.
Published: June 2018

We present the Cholla Galactic OutfLow Simulations (CGOLS) suite, a set of extremely high resolution global simulations of isolated disk galaxies designed to clarify the nature of multiphase structure in galactic winds. Using the GPU-based code Cholla, we achieve unprecedented resolution in these simulations, modeling galaxies over a 20 kpc region at a constant resolution of 5 pc. The simulations include a feedback model designed to test the effects of different mass- and energy-loading factors on galactic outflows over kiloparsec scales. In addition to describing the simulation methodology in detail, we also present the results from an adiabatic simulation that tests the frequently adopted analytic galactic wind model of Chevalier & Clegg. Our results indicate that the Chevalier & Clegg model is a good fit to nuclear starburst winds in the nonradiative region of parameter space. Finally, we investigate the role of resolution and convergence in large-scale simulations of multiphase galactic winds. While our largest-scale simulations show convergence of observable features like soft X-ray emission, our tests demonstrate that simulations of this kind with resolutions greater than 10 pc are not yet converged, confirming the need for extreme resolution in order to study the structure of winds and their effects on the circumgalactic medium.
Linear Tidal Vestige Found in the WM Sheet
Authors: Lee Jounghun , Kim Suk , Rey Soo-Chang
Published: June 2018

We present a vestige of the linear tidal influence on the spin orientations of the constituent galaxies of the WM sheet discovered in the vicinity of the Virgo Cluster and the Local Void. The WM sheet is chosen as an optimal target since it has a rectangular parallelepiped-like shape whose three sides are in parallel with the supergalactic Cartesian axes. Determining three probability density functions of the absolute values of the supergalactic Cartesian components of the spin vectors of the WM sheet galaxies, we investigate their alignments with the principal directions of the surrounding large-scale tidal field. When the WM sheet galaxies located in the central region within the distance of 2 h
−1 Mpc are excluded, the spin vectors of the remaining WM sheet galaxies are found to be weakly aligned, strongly aligned, and strongly anti-aligned with the minor, intermediate, and major principal directions of the surrounding large-scale tidal field, respectively. To examine whether or not the origin of the observed alignment tendency from the WM sheet is the linear tidal effect, we infer the eigenvalues of the linear tidal tensor from the axial ratios of the WM sheet with the help of the Zeldovich approximation and conduct a full analytic evaluation of the prediction of the linear tidal torque model for the three probability density functions. A detailed comparison between the analytical and the observational results reveals a good quantitative agreement not only in the behaviors but also in the amplitudes of the three probability density functions.
CLUMP-3D: Three-dimensional Shape and Structure of 20 CLASH Galaxy Clusters from Combined Weak and Strong Lensing
Authors: Chiu I-Non , Umetsu Keiichi , Sereno Mauro , Ettori Stefano , Meneghetti Massimo , Merten Julian , Sayers Jack , Zitrin Adi
Published: June 2018

We perform a three-dimensional triaxial analysis of 16 X-ray regular and 4 high-magnification galaxy clusters selected from the CLASH survey by combining two-dimensional weak-lensing and central strong-lensing constraints. In a Bayesian framework, we constrain the intrinsic structure and geometry of each individual cluster assuming a triaxial Navarro–Frenk–White halo with arbitrary orientations, characterized by the mass

, halo concentration

, and triaxial axis ratios (

), and investigate scaling relations between these halo structural parameters. From triaxial modeling of the X-ray-selected subsample, we find that the halo concentration decreases with increasing cluster mass, with a mean concentration of

at the pivot mass

. This is consistent with the result from spherical modeling,

. Independently of the priors, the minor-to-major axis ratio

 of our full sample exhibits a clear deviation from the spherical configuration (

at

with uniform priors), with a weak dependence on the cluster mass. Combining all 20 clusters, we obtain a joint ensemble constraint on the minor-to-major axis ratio of

and a lower bound on the intermediate-to-major axis ratio of

at the 2σ level from an analysis with uniform priors. Assuming priors on the axis ratios derived from numerical simulations, we constrain the degree of triaxiality for the full sample to be

at

, indicating a preference for a prolate geometry of cluster halos. We find no statistical evidence for an orientation bias (

), which is insensitive to the priors and in agreement with the theoretical expectation for the CLASH clusters.
Chemical Survey toward Young Stellar Objects in the Perseus Molecular Cloud Complex
Authors: Higuchi Aya E. , Sakai Nami , Watanabe Yoshimasa , López-Sepulcre Ana , Yoshida Kento , Oya Yoko , Imai Muneaki , Zhang Yichen , Ceccarelli Cecilia , Lefloch Bertrand , Codella Claudio , Bachiller Rafael , Hirota Tomoya , Sakai Takeshi , Yamamoto Satoshi
Published: June 2018

The chemical diversity of gas in low-mass protostellar cores is widely recognized. In order to explore the origin of this diversity, a survey of chemical composition toward 36 Class 0/I protostars in the Perseus molecular cloud complex, which are selected in an unbiased way under certain physical conditions, has been conducted with IRAM 30 m and NRO 45 m telescope. Multiple lines of C2H, c-C3H2, and CH3OH have been observed to characterize the chemical composition averaged over a 1000 au scale around the protostar. The derived beam-averaged column densities show significant chemical diversity among the sources, where the column density ratios of C2H/CH3OH are spread out by two orders of magnitude. From previous studies, the hot corino sources have abundant CH3OH but deficient C2H, their C2H/CH3OH column density ratios being relatively low. In contrast, the warm-carbon-chain chemistry (WCCC) sources are found to reveal the high C2H/CH3OH column density ratios. We find that the majority of the sources have intermediate characters between these two distinct chemistry types. A possible trend is seen between the C2H/CH3OH ratio and the distance of the source from the edge of a molecular cloud. The sources located near cloud edges or in isolated clouds tend to have a high C2H/CH3OH ratio. On the other hand, the sources having a low C2H/CH3OH ratio tend to be located in the inner regions of the molecular cloud complex. This result gives an important clue toward understanding the origin of the chemical diversity of protostellar cores in terms of environmental effects.
Magnetohydrodynamics with GAMER
Authors: Zhang Ui-Han , Schive Hsi-Yu , Chiueh Tzihong
Published: June 2018

GAMER, a parallel Graphic-processing-unit-accelerated Adaptive-MEsh-Refinement (AMR) hydrodynamic code, has been extended to support magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) with both the corner-transport-upwind and MUSCL-Hancock schemes and the constraint transport technique. The divergent preserving operator for AMR has been applied to reinforce the divergence-free constraint on the magnetic field. GAMER-MHD has fully exploited the concurrent executions between the graphic process unit (GPU) MHD solver and other central processing unit computation pertinent to AMR. We perform various standard tests to demonstrate that GAMER-MHD is both second-order accurate and robust, producing results as accurate as those given by high-resolution uniform-grid runs. We also explore a new 3D MHD test, where the magnetic field assumes the Arnold–Beltrami–Childress configuration, temporarily becomes turbulent with current sheets, and finally settles to a lowest-energy equilibrium state. This 3D problem is adopted for the performance test of GAMER-MHD. The single-GPU performance reaches 1.2 × 108 and 5.5 × 107 cell updates per second for the single- and double-precision calculations, respectively, on Tesla P100. We also demonstrate a parallel efficiency of ∼70% for both weak and strong scaling using 1024 XK nodes on the Blue Waters supercomputers.
Operational maneuvering group - a way to victory in war between East and West
Authors: Spišák Ján , Petráš Zdeněk
Published: June 2018

The aim of the article is to recall the thoughts of war strategists on how to conduct military operations during the Cold War and to present the issue of operational maneuvering groups. Their use was a new conceptual framework of offensive operations led by the highly mobile military units of the Warsaw Pact in the 1970s and 1980s. Based on the analysis and comparison of historical sources, a set of information and knowledge from the field of military art is presented here as well as a more comprehensive view on the tactical, operational and strategic context of the offensive operations on the European battlefield. Their impacts were also essential in the way of training of troops and education of military officers in the former regime.
Phase I Study on Safety and Pharmacokinetics of a Novel Influenza Endonuclease Inhibitor, AL-794 (JNJ-64155806), following Single- and Multiple-Ascending doses in Healthy Adults
Authors: Kakuda Thomas N , Yogaratnam Jeysen , Rito Jennifer , Boyce Malcolm , Mitchell Toni , Gupta Kusum , Symons Julian A , Chanda Sushmita , Remoortere Pieter Van , Fry John
Published: June 2018

Background

This double-blind, first-in-human Phase I study evaluated pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of AL-794 (prodrug of ALS-033719), a potent endonucle-ase inhibitor of influenza A and B in healthy volunteers.

Methods

Healthy adult volunteers were randomized to AL-794 (50–2,000 mg single ascending doses, fasting) or placebo (5 cohorts, n=6:2 AL-794: placebo/cohort) in part 1, and AL-794 (50–600 mg multiple ascending doses, twice-daily, fed or fasted) or placebo (3 cohorts, n=8:2 AL-794: placebo/cohort) for 7 days in part 2. In part 3, 8 healthy volunteers from part 1 received 450 mg AL-794 ( n=6) or placebo ( n=2) following a high-fat meal. All dosing was done with an oral suspension. Blood and urine samples for pharmacokinetics were collected at scheduled times and analysed for ALS-033719 and ALS-033927 (inactive glucuronide) plasma concentrations using LC-MS/MS.

Results

ALS-033719 plasma concentrations increased dose proportionately up to 150 mg but less than proportionately above 150 mg. Steady-state was generally achieved by the third dose. ALS-033719 exposure increased following administration with a standard meal (19%–33%) or high-fat meal (3–3.6-fold). ALS-033927 was the major metabolite observed. Renal elimination was negligible (0.2%). Seventeen AL-794-treated healthy volunteers reported ≥1 treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE; part 1: n=6, 24%; part 2: n=11, 69%). The most common TEAEs were headache (part 1: n=3; part 2: n=5) and dizziness (part 1: n=2; part 2: n=6).

Conclusions

AL-794 up to 200 mg twice daily achieved ALS-033719 exposures which are expected to be efficacious and were generally tolerated. Further studies are planned to characterize safety and antiviral activity.
Taxonomic review of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae) in the Sierra Madre Oriental, Mexico
Authors: Martínez-Domínguez Lilí , Nicolalde-Morejón Fernando , Vergara-Silva Francisco , Stevenson Dennis Wm.
Published: June 2018

The genus Ceratozamia is revised for the Sierra Madre Oriental in Mexico. This region is one of the biogeographic areas with the greatest diversity of species in this genus. These species are highly variable morphologically and this variability has led to a complex taxonomic history with many synonyms, particularly with reference to C.mexicana. We present a comprehensive taxonomic revision with history of nomenclature and the morphology, relationships, distribution and use of these species. We also introduce a key for their identification, descriptions, full synonymy, nomenclatural notes, etymologies and neotypes as well as taxonomic comments describing relevant taxonomic changes. We recognise fourteen species in this biogeographic province: C.brevifrons, C.chamberlainii, C.decumbens, C.delucana, C.fuscoviridis, C.hildae, C.kuesteriana, C.latifolia, C.mexicana, C.morettii, C.sabatoi, C.tenuis, C.totonacorum and C.zaragozae. This study provides a foundation for future taxonomic work in Neotropical species of Ceratozamia.
First record of the family Stenasellidae (Crustacea, Isopoda) in Iran with the description of a new cave-dwelling species
Authors: Bakhshi Yaser , Sadeghi Saber , Messana Giuseppe
Published: June 2018

A new cave isopod species of the genusStenasellusDollfus, 1897 (Stenasellidae) from Iran is reported and described. The new species,Stenasellustashanensissp. n.was found in Tashan Cave (Khuzestan province, southwest Iran). A complete description and drawings of the new species are provided. This new species is morphologically close toS.vermeuleniMagniez & Stock, 2000 from Oman.
« Qui fait quoi, qui est qui ? » Réforme des rythmes et divisions du travail à l’école primaire
Authors: Divert Nicolas , Lebon Francis
Published: June 2018

La division du travail éducatif à l’école primaire est étudiée dans une commune de la région parisienne à l’occasion de la réforme des rythmes scolaires. L’application de cette politique éducative nationale qui doit faciliter les apprentissages scolaires montre d’importantes marges de manœuvre laissées aux communes. Ces dernières s’appuient sur un personnel municipal, principalement des animateurs périscolaires déjà en place ou recrutés spécialement, ce qui exacerbe la division du travail au sein des écoles. Incarnant historiquement l’institution scolaire, les enseignants se sentent fragilisés du fait des empiètements sur leur territoire professionnel. Le flou qui entoure la définition des temps d’activités périscolaires (TAP) et les conditions de leur mise en œuvre conduit à un brouillage dans la répartition des tâches et des responsabilités éducatives entre les différents professionnels.
Scolarisation d’élèves en situation de handicap : conceptions et pratiques d’une enseignante « ordinaire » et d’une enseignante spécialisée
Authors: Saunier Déborah , Toullec-Théry Marie
Published: June 2018

Notre étude vise à comprendre les tensions qui existent entre ce que pensent et font deux enseignantes, l’une spécialisée, l’autre « ordinaire », scolarisant chacune un élève dys-exécutif dans leur classe. Nos questions de recherche portent sur leurs conceptions, vues comme une partie des déjà-là qu’elles véhiculent sur le handicap, sur l’inclusion scolaire et sur les pratiques d’adaptation qu’elles mettent en place pour deux élèves en situation de handicap. Notre analyse s’ancre dans le cadre théorique et méthodologique de la didactique clinique et se centre sur le concept de rapport à l’épreuve décomposé en deux dimensions : le sujet supposé savoir et l’impossible à supporter, sans laisser de côté les assujettissements extérieurs auxquels les enseignantes peuvent être soumises. Nos résultats mettent en évidence une tension entre les déjà-là de ces enseignantes et leurs pratiques effectives. Ils réaffirment également l’importance de l’accompagnement des enseignants, par l’institution, pour effectuer les transformations nécessaires qui mènent à l’école inclusive.
Le complexe de la dénatalité. L’argument démographique dans le débat sur la prévention des naissances en France (1956-1967)
Authors: De Luca Barrusse Virginie
Published: June 2018

À partir de 1956, les efforts menés par le Mouvement français pour le planning familial en faveur de l’abrogation de la loi du 31 juillet 1920 réprimant la provocation à l’avortement et la propagande anticonceptionnelle donnent lieu à un intense débat médiatique. Ils aboutiront le 28 décembre 1967 avec le vote de la loi dite Neuwirth. L’argument démographique auquel recourent les intervenants dans ce débat apparaît à la fois le plus insistant et le plus tenace. Ils appellent à la vigilance quant aux conséquences démographiques de la modification de cette loi. Cet article en examine l’argument démographique, c’est-à-dire le recours à un raisonnement faisant appel à des considérations de nature diverse sur la population en tant qu’unité collective, géographiquement et historiquement située. Il est le produit d’une sensibilité démographique qui conduit à l’expression de valeurs relativement partagées dans l’espace médiatique, en particulier la « valeur natalité » qui traduit la préférence pour un niveau de naissances assurant la croissance démographique.
Évaluer la contribution des femmes étrangères à la fécondité du moment en Grèce, 2004-2012
Authors: Bagavos Christos , Verropoulou Georgia , Tsimbos Cleon , Guerrouche Karine
Published: June 2018

L’objectif de l’étude est d’évaluer la contribution de la fécondité des femmes étrangères à la fécondité générale à partir du cas grec entre 2004 et 2012. Plus précisément, il s’agit d’estimer la contribution respective du comportement de fécondité des femmes étrangères et de leur part dans chaque groupe d’âges de la population féminine, à la fécondité de la Grèce. Les taux de fécondité par âge et les indices conjoncturels de fécondité (ICF) sont calculés pour les femmes étrangères et les natives (femmes nées en Grèce de parents grecs) à partir d’estimations de la population et des statistiques de l’état civil des naissances. La fécondité des étrangères est largement supérieure à celle des natives pour toutes les années, mais les tendances sont similaires pour les deux groupes. Au cours de la période considérée, l’effet combiné de la fécondité des étrangères et de la part qu’elles représentent dans la population entraîne une hausse de l’ICF comprise entre 0,06 (+ 4,4 %) et 0,14 enfant par femme (+ 9,3 %). La contribution des étrangères à l’évolution dans le temps de la fécondité générale est en revanche plus marquée. Au total, les effets de composition ne jouent qu’un rôle mineur et le principal facteur à l’œuvre dans les variations de la fécondité est le comportement reproductif.
Measuring students' interest towards engineering in technical school: A case study
Authors: Mohamed Radzi Nurul Asyikin , Sulaiman Suhaila
Published: June 2018

Estimating from the steady declining rate of engineering students in Malaysia, the country is predicted to be short of 236,000 engineers and technical personnel to achieve its 2020 Mission. Hence, it has built the first technical MARA Junior Science College that introduced engineering to lower secondary students. However, there is yet a study on whether or not it helps the students to increase their interests in engineering. Therefore, in this paper, a survey has been conducted to first and foremost investigate the technical students’ interests in engineering as well as finding out the reasoning from those who are not interested in engineering. After that, a half day engineering program is introduced with a measurement on the interest in engineering before and after the intervention is held. Finally, the survey studies which field of engineering the students are most interested in. The results show that, before the program is introduced, only 8.47% of the technical students have shown high interests in engineering field with only 7.5% female students are interested in engineering compared to 18.42% for male students. After the program is introduced, as high as 33.05% students rated their interest in engineering field as ‘most interested’, with 39.47% in male students and 30% in female students. It proves that an engineering event is crucial in increasing students’ interests in engineering. It also concludes that EE is the most favourite field of engineering with percentage score of 38.98%, while EP being the least.
Serial Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Features of Gentamicin Macular Toxicity: A Glimpse Into the Injury Cascade
Authors: Behera Umesh Chandra , Singh Arshi , Jain Lubhani , Desai Alisha
Published: June 2018

The early clinical manifestations of macular infarction secondary to subconjunctival gentamicin (Gentak; Akorn, Lake Forest, IL) use in an aphakic eye were documented sequentially on swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus fluorescein angiography. The first recorded event after drug toxicity was macular detachment, along with disorganization of outer retinal layers in about 12 hours. The changes in inner retinal layers occurred after 36 hours had elapsed. OCT-documented initial damage to outer retinal layers could be due to the susceptibility of first order retinal neurons, followed by subsequent inner retinal layer involvement and ischemia. This helps in understanding pathogenesis of a catastrophic complication of subconjunctival gentamicin injection commonly used for endophthalmitis prophylaxis.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2018;49:456–459.]
Para una reconsideración del legado de Ramón y Cajal a las neurociencias
Authors: Arias Domínguez Asier
Published: June 2018

Entre 1887 y 1897 Santiago Ramón y Cajal realizó una serie de estudios micrográficos que jalonarían el debate acerca de la estructura y la fisiología del sistema nervioso al suministrar substrato empírico y guía heurística al marco teórico dentro del cual serían las mismas investigadas en lo sucesivo. El significado del trabajo realizado por Cajal en ese decenio no puede ponderarse sin un serio intento de establecer los pertinentes vínculos entre el mismo, sus antecedentes y su contexto contemporáneo. A tal fin, los apartados primero y segundo abordan el contexto científico en que Cajal elaborara en el periodo indicado la teoría neuronal y la ley de la polarización dinámica, prestando atención a planteamientos convergentes y divergentes de contemporáneos y antecesores. El tercero, por su parte, se dedica a la discusión del marco metodológico de la formulación de las señaladas aportaciones, soslayando recientes conatos de polémica historiográfica en torno a la paternidad de las mismas e incidiendo en que el núcleo del legado de Cajal no ha de buscarse en discusiones de esta naturaleza, sino en el amplio cuerpo de observaciones que recogiera y, muy particularmente, en la profusión de hipótesis mediante las cuales tratara de incardinarlo cabalmente en los marcos teóricos sancionados en ciencias biológicas.
« Ceñir el mundo », méditations géo-spirituelles des jésuites aux Philippines (XVIe-XVIIe siècles)
Authors: Jacquelard Clotilde
Published: June 2018

Cet article propose une réflexion sur les jésuites et l’histoire globale au XVIe siècle à partir de la première chronique relative à la mission des Philippines écrite par Pedro Chirino, relative aux années 1610. N’ayant pas été publiée en son temps, elle fut reprise et remodelée dans la grande chronique de Francisco Colín, publiée, elle, en 1663 à Madrid, et couvrant la période des origines jusqu’en 1616. L’arrivée de la Compagnie de Jésus à Manille en 1581 se produit au moment de la constitution de l’union ibérique et permet aux premiers jésuites, dont Alonso Sánchez et à sa suite Pedro Chirino, d’effectuer une relecture de la diffusion mondiale du christianisme dont ils sont des acteurs et des témoins de premier plan dans le cadre impérial ibérique. Nous réfléchirons sur leur vision du monde, depuis trois continents, l’Asie, l’Amérique et l’Europe, puisque les écrits d’Alonso Sánchez reflètent les conversations qu’il a pu avoir avec son fameux confrère José de Acosta de retour du Pérou. Le partage d’expériences et le socle de la pensée de Vitoria rendent possible une interprétation globale dans ce temps d’après conquête qui est celui de la colonisation et de sa légitimation par l’action providentielle et la moralisation civile. Il s’agit de passer de la « destrucción » à la « edificación ».
Théorie et pratique de l’histoire du monde dans la Historia Pontifical y Católica de Gonzalo de Illescas
Authors: Kermele Nejma
Published: June 2018

La Historia Pontifical y católica de Gonzalo de Illescas fut une œuvre majeure de la seconde partie du XVIe siècle, qui connut de multiples éditions et fut diffusée en Espagne comme en Amérique. Cet article vise à étudier la méthode d’écriture de l’Histoire pratiquée par Illescas et de voir par quels procédés l’auteur réussit à articuler une histoire des Papes, ancrée dans une tradition historiographique clairement référencée, à une histoire inédite du monde ibérique et du temps présent, dépassant ainsi les cadres de l’histoire universelle pour développer une histoire globale, capable de rendre compte des nouvelles réalités du monde.