bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Figure S1 from XTX301, a Tumor-Activated Interleukin-12 Has the Potential to Widen the Therapeutic Index of IL12 Treatment for Solid Tumors as Evidenced by Preclinical Studies
Authors: Patel Ekta , Malkova Natalia V. , Crowe David , Pederzoli-Ribeil Magali , Fantini Damiano , Fanny Manoussa , Madala Hanumantha Rao , Jenkins Kurt A. , Yerov Oleg , Greene Justin , Guzman Wilson , O'Toole Caitlin , Taylor Jacob , O'Donnell Rebekah K. , Johnson Parker , Lanter Bernard B. , Ames Brian , Chen Jia , Vu Sallyann , Wu Hsin-Jung , Cantin Susan , McLaughlin Megan , Hsiao Yu-Shan S. , Tomar Dheeraj S. , Rozenfeld Raphael , Thiruneelakantapillai Lakshmanan , O'Hagan Ronan C. , Nicholson Benjamin , O'Neil Jennifer , Bialucha Carl Uli
Published: April 2024

Supplemental Figure S1: A representative triplex fluorescent western blot image showing cleavage of XTX301 in primary human tumor specimens. Antibodies against human IL-12 (Green), human IL-12Rβ2 (Red) and human IgG (Blue) were used, a merged image is shown in the figure. The 145 Kda band is the intact XTX301 or non-cleavable construct, the 85Kda band is the cleaved XTX301/unmasked construct, the green arrow indicates free IL-12 released upon cleavage of XTX301. The % of cleavage mXT301 refers to the percentage of cleaved molecule compared to the total (intact and cleaved) molecule detected by western blot using the IL-12Rβ2 signal.
Data from XTX301, a Tumor-Activated Interleukin-12 Has the Potential to Widen the Therapeutic Index of IL12 Treatment for Solid Tumors as Evidenced by Preclinical Studies
Authors: Patel Ekta , Malkova Natalia V. , Crowe David , Pederzoli-Ribeil Magali , Fantini Damiano , Fanny Manoussa , Madala Hanumantha Rao , Jenkins Kurt A. , Yerov Oleg , Greene Justin , Guzman Wilson , O'Toole Caitlin , Taylor Jacob , O'Donnell Rebekah K. , Johnson Parker , Lanter Bernard B. , Ames Brian , Chen Jia , Vu Sallyann , Wu Hsin-Jung , Cantin Susan , McLaughlin Megan , Hsiao Yu-Shan S. , Tomar Dheeraj S. , Rozenfeld Raphael , Thiruneelakantapillai Lakshmanan , O'Hagan Ronan C. , Nicholson Benjamin , O'Neil Jennifer , Bialucha Carl Uli
Published: April 2024

Abstract
IL12 is a proinflammatory cytokine, that has shown promising antitumor activity in humans by promoting the recruitment and activation of immune cells in tumors. However, the systemic administration of IL12 has been accompanied by considerable toxicity, prompting interest in researching alternatives to drive preferential IL12 bioactivity in the tumor. Here, we have generated XTX301, a tumor-activated IL12 linked to the human Fc protein via a protease cleavable linker that is pharmacologically inactivated by an IL12 receptor subunit beta 2 masking domain. In vitro characterization demonstrates multiple matrix metalloproteases, as well as human primary tumors cultured as cell suspensions, can effectively activate XTX301. Intravenous administration of a mouse surrogate mXTX301 demonstrated significant tumor growth inhibition (TGI) in inflamed and non-inflamed mouse models without causing systemic toxicities. The superiority of mXTX301 in mediating TGI compared with non-activatable control molecules and the greater percentage of active mXTX301 in tumors versus other organs further confirms activation by the tumor microenvironment–associated proteases in vivo. Pharmacodynamic characterization shows tumor selective increases in inflammation and upregulation of immune-related genes involved in IFNγ cell signaling, antigen processing, presentation, and adaptive immune response. XTX301 was tolerated following four repeat doses up to 2.0 mg/kg in a nonhuman primate study; XTX301 exposures were substantially higher than those at the minimally efficacious dose in mice. Thus, XTX301 has the potential to achieve potent antitumor activity while widening the therapeutic index of IL12 treatment and is currently being evaluated in a phase I clinical trial.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Immune Modulation with RANKL Blockade through Denosumab Treatment in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Chang Hewitt , Marquez Jaqueline , Chen Brandon K. , Kim Daniel M. , Cheng Michael L. , Liu Eric V. , Yang Hai , Zhang Li , Sinha Meenal , Cheung Alexander , Kwek Serena S. , Chow Eric D. , Bridge Mark , Aggarwal Rahul R. , Friedlander Terence W. , Small Eric J. , Anderson Mark , Fong Lawrence
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Figure 3: Expression of immune checkpoints at baseline
(A) A uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) plot of cells from all peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples analyzed with Scaffold using data from cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF). Clusters correspond to canonical immune cells and are represented by distinct colors. (B) Expression of PD-L1, TIM3, and CTLA-4 at baseline and post-treatment timepoint 2 (TP2). Raw count of metal ions detected from CyTOF were asinh-transformed, with a higher value corresponding to a higher expression of immune checkpoint.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Induction of Viral Mimicry Upon Loss of DHX9 and ADAR1 in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Cottrell Kyle A. , Ryu Sua , Pierce Jackson R. , Soto Torres Luisangely , Bohlin Holly E. , Schab Angela M. , Weber Jason D.
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Figure 6
Supplementary Figure 3 from Induction of Viral Mimicry Upon Loss of DHX9 and ADAR1 in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Cottrell Kyle A. , Ryu Sua , Pierce Jackson R. , Soto Torres Luisangely , Bohlin Holly E. , Schab Angela M. , Weber Jason D.
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Figure 3
Data from Induction of Viral Mimicry Upon Loss of DHX9 and ADAR1 in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Cottrell Kyle A. , Ryu Sua , Pierce Jackson R. , Soto Torres Luisangely , Bohlin Holly E. , Schab Angela M. , Weber Jason D.
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Detection of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is an important component of innate immunity. However, many endogenous RNAs containing double-stranded regions can be misrecognized and activate innate immunity. The IFN-inducible ADAR1-p150 suppresses dsRNA sensing, an essential function for adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) in many cancers, including breast. Although ADAR1-p150 has been well established in this role, the functions of the constitutively expressed ADAR1-p110 isoform are less understood. We used proximity labeling to identify putative ADAR1-p110–interacting proteins in breast cancer cell lines. Of the proteins identified, the RNA helicase DHX9 was of particular interest. Knockdown of DHX9 in ADAR1-dependent cell lines caused cell death and activation of the dsRNA sensor PKR. In ADAR1-independent cell lines, combined knockdown of DHX9 and ADAR1, but neither alone, caused activation of multiple dsRNA sensing pathways leading to a viral mimicry phenotype. Together, these results reveal an important role for DHX9 in suppressing dsRNA sensing by multiple pathways.
Significance:
These findings implicate DHX9 as a suppressor of dsRNA sensing. In some cell lines, loss of DHX9 alone is sufficient to cause activation of dsRNA sensing pathways, while in other cell lines DHX9 functions redundantly with ADAR1 to suppress pathway activation.
Variables socioeconómicas, familiares y escolares asociadas a bajos niveles de alfabetización
Authors: Ferroni Marina , Mena Milagros , Diuk Beatriz
Published: April 2024

Diferentes políticas públicas llevadas a cabo en las últimas décadas en Argentinahan logrado mejorar significativamente los índices de permanencia de los niños enlas escuelas. Sin embargo, en contextos de pobreza, la permanencia escolar no haestado siempre acompañada de niveles aceptables de aprendizaje. En el presentetrabajo se propuso, entonces, analizar si existen variables socioeconómicas, familiareso escolares relacionadas con las dificultades que experimentan muchos niños debarrios pobres para aprender a leer y escribir, a pesar de estar insertos en el sistemaeducativo. Con tal fin, en primer lugar, se conformaron dos grupos de niños con baseen los resultados de una prueba de escritura: uno con un muy bajo nivel de alfabetizacióny otro con un nivel de alfabetización similar al de la mayoría de sus pares.En segundo lugar, se realizaron entrevistas a las familias de los niños de ambos grupos,para recabar datos sobre el nivel socioeconómico de la familia, las escuelas a lasque asistían los niños y el contexto alfabetizador hogareño. Las medidas obtenidasen la comparación entre los grupos señalaron que no existieron diferencias entre sírespecto de la medida de contexto alfabetizador hogareño pero sí respecto del nivelsocioeconómico. Asimismo, se observó que la escuela a la que asisten los niños fuela variable que mejor predijo el desempeño en la escritura.
El discurso de lo “negro” y lo “afro” en el texto escolar colombiano (1991 – 2008)
Authors: Vargas Castro Edwin Gonzalo
Published: April 2024

El presente artículo académico manifiesta el proceso en el que emerge el discurso de lo negro y lo afro en el texto escolar; se toman como archivos primarios las imágenes y la escritura al interior de él, para dar cuenta de su contexto y su estructura. De igual manera, se da relevancia a los discursos circundantes entre los años 1991 y 2008. La investigación se adelanta desde la perspectiva arqueológica y genealógica, evidenciando las tensiones en el ámbito educativo y social, a su vez manifiesta cómo el texto escolar se ha convertido en el dispositivo para lograr sustentar la hegemonía del racismo y la discriminación, que por años tuvo en la enseñanza una idea del negro anclada a la Colonia.
A vanguarda intelectual da atuação profissional de Jorge O. Caron (1973–1984)
Authors: Monteiro Ana Maria Reis de Góes , Vidotto Taiana Car
Published: April 2024

Throughout his lifetime, Jorge Osvaldo Caron (1936 - 2000) experienced the intrinsic conecction between teaching at schools of architecture and as an active architect in professional institutions. In this sense, this article aims to present Caron’s  path between 1973, when he started his work in the São Paulo State Architects Union - SASP, until 1984, when he left the course at Fundação Educacional Belas Artes de São Paulo - FEBASP. This period considers the expansion of architecture schools during the Military Regime and the joint action of professional institutions, in which Caron was one of the agents participating from an intense debate on the relationship between teaching and the profession.
Torre da Cultura: Fac símile da apostila “Lendoprojetos” (1995)
Authors: Caron Jorge Osvaldo
Published: April 2024

Sem resumo.
Antena Caron: visão serial
Authors: Poser Paulo von
Published: April 2024

Sem resumo.
O despertar do arquiteto
Authors: Barbour Alberto
Published: April 2024

Sem resumo.
Depoimento
Authors: Sampaio Marcos
Published: April 2024

Sem resumo.
Textos sobre projetos de residências: publicados na revista Casa e Jardim
Authors: Caron Jorge Osvaldo
Published: April 2024

Sem resumo.
Projetos de residências de Jorge O. Caron
Authors: Ruggiero Amanda Saba , Andrade Carlos Roberto Monteiro de
Published: April 2024

Sem resumo.
As catedrais de Rodrigo: resenha do livro “Rodrigo Brotero Lefèvre e a vanguarda da arquitetura no Brasil”, de Miguel Antonio Buzzar (2019)
Authors: Trajano Filho Francisco Sales
Published: April 2024

Resenha do livro “Rodrigo Brotero Lefèvre e a vanguarda da arquitetura no Brasil”, de Miguel Antonio Buzzar (2019) por Francisco Sales Trajano Filho.
Carta de Jorge Osvaldo Caron ao prof. Azael R. Camargo
Authors: Caron Jorge Osvaldo
Published: April 2024

Sem resumo.
Hemopneumotórax espontâneo em adolescente de 16 anos: um relato de caso
Authors: Maia Irina Gomes , Ferreira Bianca Xavier Torres , Santos Mathaus Matos , Braulino Paulo Daniel Medeiros , Tôrres Pedro Franscisco Cavalcanti Gameiro , Vasconcelos César Freire de Melo
Published: April 2024

O hemopneumotórax espontâneo é uma doença de alta gravidade que surge como uma complicação do pneumotórax espontâneo e tem maior risco de desenvolvimento em pacientes do sexo masculino, jovens e tabagistas. Frequentemente, o paciente apresenta sintomas respiratórios como dispneia, fadiga e dor torácica, bem como alterações no exame físico pulmonar e sinais de instabilidade hemodinâmica, sendo a radiografia de tórax um dos principais exames na avaliação inicial. Como não há um protocolo clínico estabelecido, a questão terapêutica é uma área ainda de debate. O presente artigo trouxe o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino de 16 anos que referiu dor torácica intensa sem fatores desencadeantes. Apresentava-se hipocorado, com ausculta pulmonar alterada em hemitórax esquerdo e parâmetros cardiovasculares dentro dos limites da normalidade, quando foi diagnosticado através de radiografia de tórax com hidropneumotórax volumoso em hemitórax esquerdo. O paciente então evoluiu com alterações clínicas indicativas de choque hipovolêmico. O manejo se deu pela drenagem do tórax, seguida por bulectomia e pleurodese abrasiva por cirurgia via videotoracoscopia (VATS), evoluindo sem complicações
Efeitos da infecção por Mycobacterium tuberculosis no pulmão e no sistema imune: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Carretta Lucca Tamara Alves , Couto Luiza Pardinho , Baptista Mariana Schroth , Teixeira Pedro Rodrigues , Mestria Thais Rabelo , Motta Luciene Lage da , Santos Priscila Pinto e Silva dos , Moraes Rodrigo
Published: April 2024

Introdução: Tuberculose (TB) é uma doença infectocontagiosa causada pela bactéria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), um bacilo aeróbio estrito, não encapsulado e não esporulado. Objetivo: Compilar os efeitos da infecção por Mtb no pulmão e no sistema imune. Método: Revisão integrativa realizada entre maio e junho de 2023, na base de dados PubMed, com as seguintes estratégias de busca: “Tuberculosis, Pulmonary" AND Necrosis; "Mycobacterium tuberculosis" AND "lung injury"; "Mycobacterium tuberculosis" AND "immune system" AND Inflammation. Foram selecionados artigos originais publicados entre 2018 e 2023 que atendessem ao objetivo desta revisão. Resultados: Obteve-se um total de 134 artigos com a busca, dos quais foram excluídos 126 após leitura do título, do resumo e da leitura na íntegra, restando 8 artigos selecionados para compor esta revisão. Os estudos indicaram que a infecção por Mtb estimula a produção de citocinas, como TNF-α, IFN-γ e IL-10, e induz variações em seus níveis séricos conforme o estágio da doença e disseminação da infecção, além de alterações nas taxas de fatores de crescimento de linfócitos B e na produção de anticorpos anti-TB, formando granulomas e lesões macroscópicas pulmonares. Conclusão: Depreende-se que os efeitos da infecção por Mtb no pulmão e no sistema imune são instigados pela ação de diversas citocinas, que irão modular a resposta inflamatória e imune contra a bactéria.
Hemodynamics and Wall Mechanics of Vascular Graft Failure
Authors: Szafron Jason M. , Heng Elbert E. , Boyd Jack , Humphrey Jay D. , Marsden Alison L.
Published: April 2024

Blood vessels are subjected to complex biomechanical loads, primarily from pressure-driven blood flow. Abnormal loading associated with vascular grafts, arising from altered hemodynamics or wall mechanics, can cause acute and progressive vascular failure and end-organ dysfunction. Perturbations to mechanobiological stimuli experienced by vascular cells contribute to remodeling of the vascular wall via activation of mechanosensitive signaling pathways and subsequent changes in gene expression and associated turnover of cells and extracellular matrix. In this review, we outline experimental and computational tools used to quantify metrics of biomechanical loading in vascular grafts and highlight those that show potential in predicting graft failure for diverse disease contexts. We include metrics derived from both fluid and solid mechanics that drive feedback loops between mechanobiological processes and changes in the biomechanical state that govern the natural history of vascular grafts. As illustrative examples, we consider application-specific coronary artery bypass grafts, peripheral vascular grafts, and tissue-engineered vascular grafts for congenital heart surgery as each of these involves unique circulatory environments, loading magnitudes, and graft materials.
HMGB2 Release Promotes Pulmonary Hypertension and Predicts Severity and Mortality of Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Kong Deping , Liu Jing , Lu Junmi , Zeng Cheng , Chen Hao , Duan Zhenzhen , Yu Ke , Zheng Xialei , Zou Pu , Zhou Liufang , Lv Yicheng , Zeng Qingye , Lu Lin , Li Jiang , He Yuhu
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive and life-threatening disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling, which involves aberrant proliferation and apoptosis resistance of the pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), resembling the hallmark characteristics of cancer. In cancer, the HMGB2 (high-mobility group box 2) protein promotes the pro-proliferative/antiapoptotic phenotype. However, the function of HMGB2 in PH remains uninvestigated.

METHODS:

Smooth muscle cell (SMC)–specific HMGB2 knockout or HMGB2-OE (HMGB2 overexpression) mice and HMGB2 silenced rats were used to establish hypoxia+Su5416 (HySu)-induced PH mouse and monocrotaline-induced PH rat models, respectively. The effects of HMGB2 and its underlying mechanisms were subsequently elucidated using RNA-sequencing and cellular and molecular biology analyses. Serum HMGB2 levels were measured in the controls and patients with pulmonary arterial (PA) hypertension.

RESULTS:

HMGB2 expression was markedly increased in the PAs of patients with PA hypertension and PH rodent models and was predominantly localized in PASMCs. SMC-specific HMGB2 deficiency or silencing attenuated PH development and pulmonary vascular remodeling in hypoxia+Su5416-induced mice and monocrotaline-treated rats. SMC-specific HMGB2 overexpression aggravated hypoxia+Su5416-induced PH. HMGB2 knockdown inhibited PASMC proliferation in vitro in response to PDGF-BB (platelet-derived growth factor-BB). In contrast, HMGB2 protein stimulation caused the hyperproliferation of PASMCs. In addition, HMGB2 promoted PASMC proliferation and the development of PH by RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products)/FAK (focal adhesion kinase)-mediated Hippo/YAP (yes-associated protein) signaling suppression. Serum HMGB2 levels were significantly increased in patients with PA hypertension, and they correlated with disease severity, predicting worse survival.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings indicate that targeting HMGB2 might be a novel therapeutic strategy for treating PH. Serum HMGB2 levels could serve as a novel biomarker for diagnosing PA hypertension and determining its prognosis.
The Multimodal Trust Effects of Face, Voice, and Sentence Content
Authors: Syed Isar , Baart Martijn , Vroomen Jean
Published: April 2024

Trust is an aspect critical to human social interaction and research has identified many cues that help in the assimilation of this social trait. Two of these cues are the pitch of the voice and the width-to-height ratio of the face (fWHR). Additionally, research has indicated that the content of a spoken sentence itself has an effect on trustworthiness; a finding that has not yet been brought into multisensory research. The current research aims to investigate previously developed theories on trust in relation to vocal pitch, fWHR, and sentence content in a multimodal setting. Twenty-six female participants were asked to judge the trustworthiness of a voice speaking a neutral or romantic sentence while seeing a face. The average pitch of the voice and the fWHR were varied systematically. Results indicate that the content of the spoken message was an important predictor of trustworthiness extending into multimodality. Further, the mean pitch of the voice and fWHR of the face appeared to be useful indicators in a multimodal setting. These effects interacted with one another across modalities. The data demonstrate that trust in the voice is shaped by task-irrelevant visual stimuli. Future research is encouraged to clarify whether these findings remain consistent across genders, age groups, and languages.
Polyhalite as a multi nutrient fertilizer – potassium, magnesium, calcium and sulfate
Authors: Yermiyahu Uri , Zipori Isaac , Faingold Inna , Yusopov Ludmila , Faust Nitay , Bar-Tal Asher
Published: April 2024

Polyhalite is a hydrated sulfate of potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) with the formula: K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4·2H2O. The main objective of the present study was to investigate and compare the efficiency of polyhalite as a fertilizer supplying K, Ca, Mg and sulfur (S) relative to equivalent soluble salts. The specific objectives were to investigate: 1. The release and transport of Ca, Mg, K and S in soil; 2. Uptake of these minerals by wheat plants and 3. Biomass production of wheat plants. To meet these objectives, two pot experiments (20 l pots filled with dune sand) were conducted in which the effects of four doses of polyhalite (0, 500, 1,500 and 2,500 kg/ha) and one dose of Ca, Mg and K sulfate salts (equivalent to the 1500 kg/ha polyhalite dose) were investigated. In a third experiment, residual effects of the fertilizers were studied using the pots from the first experiment. Different leaching fractions were used in the experiments (30% in the first one and 7–10% in the second and third experiments), to investigate the effect of water management on mineral transportation in the soil and plant uptake. Polyhalite was found to be a more efficient fertilizer for supplying K, Ca, Mg and S relative to equivalent soluble salts. To meet the plant required ratios for Ca, Mg and K, the polyhalite dose should be applied accordingly to provide sufficient Ca and Mg, and additional fertilizers should be used as a source of K. Transport and leaching of Ca, Mg, K and S in soil following polyhalite application was lower than following the application of the equivalent sulfate salts. The residual effect of polyhalite fertilizer on the subsequently grown crop was higher than the effect from the equivalent sulfate salts, especially regarding Ca, Mg and S. Irrigation management, as determined by the leaching fraction, has a strong impact on the efficiency of polyhalite as a source of K, Ca, Mg and S for plant nutrition.
Military Study Abroad as Thailand’s Foreign Policy Between the 1930s–1940s
Authors: Boontanondha Thep
Published: April 2024

The need to modernize the armed forces motivated the Thai government to send a large number of soldiers to Europe to learn military during the absolute monarchy. Sending soldiers to study abroad, on the other hand, had become a part of national diplomacy seeking to balance power between the powerhouse states. After the Revolution of 1932, the new government likewise made an effort to preserve its stability by dismissing many royalist soldiers. As a result, it demanded many sophisticated soldiers, who relied on the new government. Hence, many soldiers had dispatched to observe and study military tactics abroad. On the one hand, the anti-imperialist policy forced the Thai government to favore the Japanese Empire and to rely on its support; many Thai cadets and soldiers were sent to study in Japan. On the other hand, the Japanese diplomacy, Pan-Asianism, made it very evident that Japan demanded to expand its influence over Asia, including Thailand. So, the Thai government seeking to achive a balance of power among the influences of strong countries decided to send numerous soldiers, including the sons of Phibunsongkhram, to study military tactics in Europe and the United States. This pursuit of a balance of power received a positive response from European nations and the US, who were also concerned about Japan’s influence over their colonies in Asia. Unfortunately, the outbreak of the Second World War shattered Thailand’s hopes of attaining a balance of power among the powerful countries.
A photographic key to the adult female biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae: Culicoides) of Florida, USA
Authors: BLOSSER ERIK M. , MCGREGOR BETHANY L. , BURKETT-CADENA NATHAN D.
Published: April 2024

The biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae: Culicoides) are a diverse group of blood-feeding flies that includes numerous pest and vector species. Major gaps exist in our knowledge of the biology and ecology of the majority of Culicoides spp., due in part to a lack of keys for identifying the biting midges of a given region. In Florida, USA, The Sand Flies of Florida (Blanton and Wirth, 1979) has been a foundational resource for biting midge identification since its publication. The identification keys to the 47 biting midge species (and one subspecies) in The Sand Flies of Florida are not illustrated, however, and frequently rely upon microscopic features (spermathecae, antennal sensory pattern, number of teeth on mandible) as discriminating characters. Here we provide an updated photographic key to 49 nominal species of Culicoides from Florida, USA. The revised key orders characters so that species of nuisance, medical or veterinary importance can be reliably identified without slide mounting, an aspect that should facilitate ecological field work. Synoptic tables summarize the taxonomic affinity, distribution, abundance, seasonality, and medical / veterinary importance of the Culicoides spp. from Florida, compiled from published sources.
The Cultural Consequences of Market Transition: An Empirical Examination of Rising Materialism in Twenty-First-Century China
Authors: Cao Yang
Published: April 2024

This study examines how markets affect personal culture in the context of postsocialist China. Drawing on several bodies of literature, I argue that China’s transition to a market economy promotes materialist values via two causal pathways. First, market transition entails a process of economic liberalization, which accentuates economic incentives and exacerbates existential insecurity. Second, market transition also entails a process of commodification that, by immersing individuals in market relations, crowds out intrinsic motives and normalizes the pursuit of material self-interests. My empirical analysis uses repeated cross-sectional data from a large-scale national survey to demonstrate the effect of market transition through the lens of work values. Taking advantage of China’s regional variations in the pace of institutional change, I show that, between 2005 and 2015, provinces where market transition had made greater progress tended to experience a sharper rise in materialist work values. Additional analyses reveal significant differences in work values between state-sector employees and workers in the market sector, and that the relationship between market transition and materialist values extends beyond the work domain. These findings contribute to the theoretical literature on the cultural consequences of markets and the empirical knowledge on cultural change in contemporary China.
Relationship between social inequality perception patterns and depressive symptoms among Chinese adults: A national representative longitudinal study
Authors: Zhang Shouchuang , Wang Ting , Zhang Lanyue , Wei Yuehui , Jian Weiyan , Guo Jing
Published: April 2024

Background:

The rising prevalence of depressive symptoms presents a pressing global public health concern, exacerbated by prevailing social inequality.

Aim:

This study seeks to identify latent profiles of social inequality perception and explore their associations with depressive symptoms.

Methods:

Data were obtained from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) involving 10,529 residents aged 18 years and above. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify different patterns of social inequality perception. Multiple linear regression analysis examined the links between these patterns and depressive symptoms.

Results:

Three distinct patterns of social inequality perception were identified: the disappointed pattern (TDP), the neutral pattern (TNP), and the positive pattern (TPP). Perceived social inequality was significantly associated with short-term and long-term depressive symptoms (β = .51, 95% CI [0.29, 0.72] vs. β = .51, 95% CI [0.27, 0.74]). Increases in social inequality perception patterns were also related to more severe depressive symptoms (β = .55, 95% CI [0.36, 0.74]).

Conclusions:

Increasing perceived social inequality is closely linked to elevated depressive symptoms in Chinese adults. This underscores the need for tailored strategies aimed at addressing heightened perceptions of social inequality to reduce the risk of depressive symptoms.
Experiences of Parenting an Autistic Individual During Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood in the Indian Context: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Manohar Harshini , Kommu John Vijay Sagar , Kishore M. Thomas , Jacob Preeti , Jayarajan Deepak
Published: April 2024

Background and aims:

The needs of autistic individuals and their families are unique in each developmental phase, but this diversity is more palpable during adolescence. Literature generally presents a view that caregivers experience challenges in caring for autistic children, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where formal support services are uneven or unavailable. The present study explored the lived experiences of parents of autistic adolescents in the Indian context.

Methods:

In-depth interviews with 12 parents were analyzed using an interpretative phenomenological approach.

Results:

Three superordinate themes were derived: (a) Acceptance alongside recurring experiences of grief and loss, (b) post-traumatic growth and vicarious transformation, and (c) What after me? Planning for future care services with limited systemic support. Beginning with the initial recognition and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, parents progressed through a series of experiences that strengthened and challenged their understanding and aided in their acceptance. Parents recognize their adolescents’ key attributes, growth, development, and persisting differences that could contribute to future challenges. Grief experiences, however, sporadic, persisted alongside acceptance.

Conclusion:

Despite challenges, families were adapting to the changing needs of the developmental phases in unique ways, with or without formal support available to them. Nonetheless, there is a considerable need to address the existing gaps and felt needs of parents, focusing on empowering parents and capacity building toward providing comprehensive services to autistic individuals with a lifespan approach.
Settler urbanism, emotional geographies, and Indigenous planning in Ecuadorian Amazonia
Authors: Lamiña Alexandra , Sletto Bjørn
Published: April 2024

Affects and emotions serve as tools of governance in settler urbanism, facilitating colonial dispossession and control of Indigenous land. Drawing on modernist logics, housing projects in indigenous territory seek to instill fixity and urban orders on mobile Indigenous populations through the management of fear and uncertainty. Here we examine the production of emotions associated with the development of the Pañacocha Millennium Community, a public housing project in the Petroamazonas oilfields of what was once Indigenous Kichwa territory in Ecuadorian Amazonia. We draw on research in Indigenous planning, the geographies of emotion, and critical urban studies to demonstrate the emotional impacts of the imposition of colonial governmental logics of housing production in Indigenous lands. At the same time, we examine the limitations of settler urbanist governance through emotion by documenting the embodied Indigenous relations with land, housing, and mobility captured in the concept territorio cuerpo-tierra, which has led to various forms of resistance and avoidance to the housing project. The case of the Pañacocha Millennium Community illuminates the role of emotion in urban planning and settler urbanism, in particular, and contributes to emerging work in Indigenous and decolonial planning.
Knowledge sharing between subsidiary and headquarters: A framework proposal
Authors: Bissani Mario , Oliveira Mírian , Curado Carla
Published: April 2024

The pharmaceutical industry (PI) is recognized as a knowledge-intensive industry. Based on the perspective of managers in the subsidiary, this research proposes actions to facilitate knowledge sharing in the relationship between subsidiary and headquarters in a multinational pharmaceutical company. An exploratory case study was conducted. Data were collected from documental content analysis and fourteen interviews with managers from various areas and departments. The benefits include the possibility of participating in global projects and the resultant positive exposure accrued by the subsidiary. While the predominant knowledge flow is from the headquarters to the subsidiary, there is an opportunity to expand the flow in the opposite direction. Based on this study, actions designed to mitigate this point of disruption can be undertaken. This research offers a framework that encompasses the flow of knowledge, the main facilitators and barriers to knowledge sharing between geographically dispersed multinational units, as well as the knowledge sharing mechanisms.
Decentralized state estimation: An approach using pseudomeasurements and preintegration
Authors: Cossette Charles Champagne , Shalaby Mohammed Ayman , Saussié David , Forbes James Richard
Published: April 2024

This paper addresses the problem of decentralized, collaborative state estimation in robotic teams. In particular, this paper considers problems where individual robots estimate similar physical quantities, such as each other’s position relative to themselves. The use of pseudomeasurements is introduced as a means of modeling such relationships between robots’ state estimates and is shown to be a tractable way to approach the decentralized state estimation problem. Moreover, this formulation easily leads to a general-purpose observability test that simultaneously accounts for measurements that robots collect from their own sensors, as well as the communication structure within the team. Finally, input preintegration is proposed as a communication-efficient way of sharing odometry information between robots, and the entire theory is appropriate for both vector-space and Lie-group state definitions. To overcome the need for communicating preintegrated covariance information, a deep autoencoder is proposed that reconstructs the covariance information from the inputs, hence further reducing the communication requirements. The proposed framework is evaluated on three different simulated problems, and one experiment involving three quadcopters.
On the fatigue behaviour of epoxy-based nanostructured composite materials
Authors: Garofalo Salvatore , Rovale Gerardo , Morano Chiara , Furgiuele Franco , Minervino Matteo , Pagnotta Leonardo
Published: April 2024

Epoxy composites and nanocomposites enable the creation of high-performance structures and innovative designs. However, there is limited research focused on their fatigue characterization. The purpose of this study is to analyze the fatigue resistance results of nanostructured composite materials made with an epoxy matrix of Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol F and 9,9-bis(3-chloro-4-aminophenyl) fluorine (DGEBF-CAF) reinforced with 5%wt of elastomeric nanoparticles with an average diameter of 200 nm. The tests are conducted at variable load and frequency using Rotating Bending (R-B) and Tensile-Tensile (T-T) tests, and the results are compared to those obtained with pure resin. The occurrence of thermal fatigue phenomena during the tests is monitored using a thermal camera. The results confirm that pure epoxy resin exhibits poor crack propagation resistance due to its low ductility and toughness, and the introduction of a second phase leads to an improvement of approximately 3 times in T-T tests and 5 times in R-B tests.
Experimental analysis of mechanical properties of e-waste composite materials with dual glass fibers
Authors: Raja Thirunavukkarasu , Ayyakkannu Vadivel , Rathinasamy Tamilselvan
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical characteristics and application of e-waste as a filler for glass fiber composites made of S and E (e-waste + S E). Metal, printed circuit boards, integrated circuits, diodes, and transistors were separated from the e-waste filler during milling. S and E glass fiber, epoxy, and filler were utilized in proportions of 10%, 10%, and 70%, respectively, on a volume basis. The hand lay-up technique was used to construct composite specimens. Scanning electron microscope analysis was used to gauge how filler loading affected the morphology of composite materials. The composite has a compressive strength of 23.760 MPa, which is 69.71% higher than the Geo poly composite. The tensile strength of this composite is withstood up to 16.078 MPa. It has 53% better tensile properties than Sunflower Husk composites with the same operating conditions. It gives a resistance up to 42 D during hardness test to withstand. It was 15.6% better than the NF30% epoxy composite specimen. The e-waste + S E composite gives a great opposite force of up to 2 kJ on the impact load test.; it was 86.9% higher than fly ash epoxy composites.
Toward Artificial Intelligence-Human Paired Programming: A Review of the Educational Applications and Research on Artificial Intelligence Code-Generation Tools
Authors: Liu Jiangyue , Li Siran
Published: April 2024

Pair Programming is considered an effective approach to programming education, but the synchronous collaboration of two programmers involves complex coordination, making this method difficult to be widely adopted in educational settings. Artificial Intelligence (AI) code-generation tools have outstanding capabilities in program generation and natural language understanding, creating conducive conditions for pairing with humans in programming. Now some more mature tools are gradually being implemented. This review summarizes the current status of educational applications and research on AI-assisted programming technology. Through thematic coding of literature, existing research focuses on five aspects: underlying technology and tool introduction, performance evaluation, the potential impacts and coping strategies, exploration of behavioral patterns in technological application, and ethical and safety issues. A systematic analysis of current literature provides the following insights for future academic research related to the practice of “human-machine pairing” in programming: (1) Affirming the value of AI code-generation tools while also clearly defining their technical limitations and ethical risks; (2) Developing adaptive teaching ecosystems and educational models, conducting comprehensive empirical research to explore the efficiency mechanisms of AI-human paired programming; (3) Further enriching the application of research methods by integrating speculative research with empirical research, combining traditional methods with emerging technologies.
What Are the Real Issues in Providing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Support: A Survey
Authors: Siddiqui Shahla , Arora Lovkesh , Lupei Monica I. , Satyapriya S. Veena , Wall Michael , Cobas Miguel , Justice Samuel , Bartz Raquel R.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

By using a novel survey our study aimed to assess the challenges ECMO and Critical Care (CC) teams face when initiating and managing patient's ECMO support.

Methods

A qualitative survey-based observational study was performed of members of 2 Critical Care Medicine organizations involved in decision-making around the practice of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO). The range of exploratory questions covered ethical principles of informed consent, autonomy and goals of care discussions, beneficence, non-maleficence (offering life-sustaining treatments in end-of-life care), and justice (insurance-related limitations of treatment). Questions also covered pragmatic practice and quality improvement areas, such as exploring whether palliative care or ethics teams were involved in such decision-making.

Results

305 members received the survey links, and a total of 61 completed surveys were received, for an overall response rate of 20% among all eligible members. Only 70% of the participants who manage ECMO patients are involved in the ECMO initiation decision process. The majority do not involve Ethics or Palliative care at the initial ECMO initiation decision step. Of the ethical and moral dilemmas reported, the majority revolved around 1. Prognostication of patients receiving VV and VA ECMO support, 2. Lack of knowledge of patient's wishes and goals, 3. Disconnect between expectations of families and outcomes and 4. Staff moral distress around when to stop ECMO in case of futility.

Conclusion

Our survey highlights areas of distress and dilemma which have been stressed before in the initiation, management, and outcomes of ECMO patients, however with the increasing use of this modality of cardiopulmonary mechanical support being offered, the survey results can offer a guidance using sound ethical principles.
Favorable osteogenic activity of vericiguat doped in β-tricalcium phosphate: In vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Tao Zhou-Shan , Shen Cai-Liang
Published: April 2024

Recently, more and more studies have shown that guanylate cyclase, an enzyme that synthesizes cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), plays an important role in bone metabolism. Vericiguat (VIT), a novel oral soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, directly generates cyclic guanosine monophosphate and reduce the death incidence from cardio-vascular causes or hospitalization. Recent studies have shown beneficial effects of VIT in animal models of osteoporosis, but very little is currently known about the effects of VIT on bone defects in the osteoporotic states. Therefore, in this study, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) was used as a carrier to explore the effect of local VIT administration on the repair of femoral metaphyseal bone defects in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. When MC3T3-E1 was cultured in the presence of H2H2, VIT, similar to Melatonin (MT), therapy could increase the matrix mineralization and ALP, SOD2, SIRT1, and OPG expression, reduce ROS and Mito SOX production, RANKL expression, Promote the recovery of mitochondrial membrane potential. In the OVX rat model, VIT increases the osteogenic effect of β-TCP and better results were obtained at a dose of 5 mg. Local use of VIT can inhibit increased OC, BMP2 and RUNX2 expressions in bone tissue, while decreased SOST and TRAP expressions by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Thereby, VIT stimulates bone regeneration and is a promising candidate for promoting bone repair in osteoporosis.
Research on synthesis method of weakly coupled three-translation parallel mechanism with large bearing capacity
Authors: Li Shihua , Wang Sen , Li Fujuan , Wei Jiahao , Xu Hongyu , Li Haoran , Han Xueyan
Published: April 2024

Aiming at the problem of poor bearing capacity in the direction of decoupled DOF of weakly coupled three-translation parallel mechanism, a class of new configurations of large load-bearing capacity weakly coupled three-translation parallel mechanisms with closed-loop unit has been proposed in this paper. Based on the screw theory, configuration evolution method, and graphical approach method, the synthesis method of these kinds of mechanisms has been proposed, and the decoupled criterion of this mechanism and the addition conditions of the kinematic pair diagram are given. The synthesis process has been developed to synthesize the single degree of freedom translational decoupled branch chain and 2T coupled branch chain. To better apply the weakly coupled mechanism to large load occasions, a closed-loop unit construction method has been proposed. Based on the theory of singular value decomposition, a theoretical formula for increasing the load-bearing capacity of a mechanism by constructing a closed-loop unit with redundant drives has been derived for the first time. The closed-loop unit is added to the 2T coupled branch chain and the single DOF decoupled branch chain to construct the large load-bearing capacity single DOF decoupled three-translation parallel mechanism. Kinematic analysis and static analysis have been carried out on the synthesized mechanism. The Jacobian matrix of the synthesized mechanism is a block diagonal matrix, and the bearing capacity is significantly stronger than that of the decoupled mechanism, even higher than that of the coupled parallel mechanism. The synthesized weak coupling three translation parallel mechanism with large load bearing characteristics has a good application prospect in the field of high precision and large load bearing.
Role of Environmental Policy Stringency on Sectoral CO2 Emissions in EU-5 Countries: Disaggregated Level Evidence by Novel Quantile-Based Approaches
Authors: Kartal Mustafa Tevfik , Kirikkaleli Dervis , Pata Ugur Korkut
Published: April 2024

Consistent with the increasing awareness of environmental problems, countries have applied various measures to combat climate change by preventing environmental degradation of the environment. In this context, a set of measures in different areas and sectors have been taken. Although it is possible to consider each of them, instead, using a more comprehensive index, such as the Environmental Policy Stringency Index, can be appropriate in examining the effects of environmental measures in curbing emissions. Accordingly, this research examines the effect of Environmental Policy Stringency Index on sectoral carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the European Union Five countries (namely, Germany, Spain, France, United Kingdom, and Italy) by using data for the period 1990/Q2-2020/Q4, performing novel quantile-based approaches. The outcomes show that at higher quantiles, Environmental Policy Stringency Index provides (a) a decrease in building sector CO2 emissions in France, the United Kingdom, and Italy; (b) a decline in industrial combustion sector CO2 emissions in France and Italy; (c) a curb power sector CO2 emissions in Germany, Spain, and France; (d) a decrease in transport sector CO2 emission in Germany and France; (e) there are causalities from Environmental Policy Stringency Index to sectoral CO2 emissions across quantiles except for some ones; (f) the outcomes are verified as robust. The outcomes prove the differentiating effects of Environmental Policy Stringency Index across sectors under the empirical examinations, quantiles, and countries. Thus, the study discusses various policy endeavors, such as consideration of the varying structure of environmental measures, application of nonlinear approaches, and focusing on some sectors to go fast in curbing sectoral CO2 emissions.
Collaborative governance: The role of common institutional ownership in corporate environmental information disclosure
Authors: Liu Yishan , Liu Hu , He Wei , Deng Hanwen , Maqsood Umer Sahil
Published: April 2024

Transparency regarding environmental practices is crucial not only for ethical corporate governance but also for empowering consumers and investors to make informed decisions. This study examines the impact of common institutional ownership (CInOwn) on the extent of environmental information disclosure (EnvInfoDis) by publicly traded Chinese companies from 2010 to 2020. Using robust empirical analysis, we demonstrate a positive relationship between CInOwn and EnvInfoDis, suggesting that firms with shared institutional investors are more likely to disclose environmental information, fostering public trust and aligning with government expectations. We further investigate the underlying mechanisms, revealing that CInOwn strengthens internal controls, promoting improved EnvInfoDis practices. Notably, the findings remain robust across various tests, including using different CInOwn thresholds. This study offers significant contributions to the ongoing debate on CInOwn implications, paving the way for policy and economic interventions to support Chinese firms in integrating EnvInfoDis practices, ultimately contributing to societal sustainability.