bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENURUNAN NILAI COD PADA PESTISIDA SIPERMETRIN DENGAN FOTOKATALIS TITANIUM(IV) OKSIDA-PLATINA
Authors: Rakhmawaty Eddy Diana , Pratama Adhitya , Rostika Noviyanti Atiek
Published: February 2017

Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan fotodegradasi pestisida jenis sipermetrin dengan adanya fotokatalis titanium (IV) oksida-platina. Fotokatalis tersebut  dibuat dengan merefluks larutan titanium(IV) oksida tetraminplatina(II) klorida selama 2 jam kemudian diuapkan pelarutnya dan dipanaskan selama 12 jam. Padatan fotokatalis kemudian dikalsinasi selama 3 jam pada 500 °C. Hasil sintesis titanium(IV) oksida-platina 0,5% dan 1% dikarakterisasi dengan XRD, SEM, dan SEM-EDX. Kemampuan dalam mengkatalisis fotodegradasi diuji untuk pestisida sipermetrin yang dilakukan  selama 4 jam. Hasil fotodegradasi dinyatakan sebagai COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) yang diukur setiap 1 jam. Penurunan COD terbesar untuk titanium(IV) oksida platina 0,5% dan titanium(IV) oksida-platina 1% masing-masing yaitu 77% dan 79%.Sementara TiO2 standar sebesar 68,42 %.  Fotokatalis titanium(IV) oksida-platina lebih baik dibanding titanium(IV) oksida untuk degradasi sipermetrin.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN MONTMORILLONIT TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIKKOMPOSIT FILM KARAGENAN-MONTMORILONIT
Authors: Ulfah Fajariyah , Nugraha Irwan
Published: February 2017

Telah disintesis dan dikarakterisasi edible film komposit karagenan-montmorilonit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh komposisi dari komponen penyusunedible film (karagenan sebagai bahan dasar, gliserol sebagai plasticizer, dan montmorilonit sebagai filler), mengetahui pengaruh penambahan montmorilonit terhadap sifat fisik dan mekanik edible film, serta mengetahui interaksi yang terbentuk pada edible film. Penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga tahapan, yaitu preparasi awal montmorilonit, uji pendahuluan, dan sintesis edible film komposit karagenan-montmorilonit. Pecetakan edible film menggunakan metode solvent casting. Hasil yang diperoleh dari uji pendahuluan menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi karagenan dengan sifat mekanik terbaik adalah 3,0% (b/v) dan gliserol 1,5% (v/v). Komposisi tersebut digunakan untuk mensintesis edible film komposit dengan variasi konsentrasi montmorilonit, yaitu 1,0% ; 2,0% ; 3,0% ; 4,0% ; dan 5,0%. Penambahan montmorilonit 1,0 – 3,0% dapat meningkatkan sifat mekanik edible film. Sifat mekanik terbaik dicapai pada konsentrasi montmorilonit 3,0% dengan ketebalan 0,107 mm, kuat tarik 4,139 Mpa, persentase pemanjangan 48,178%, modulus elastisitas 8,590 Mpa, dan WVTR 11,980 g/jam m2. Interaksi edible film komposit yang terbentuk adalah eksfoliasi dan interkalasi
Network Analysis: A Novel Approach to Understand Suicidal Behavior
Authors: de Beurs Derek
Published: February 2017

Although suicide is a major public health issue worldwide, we understand little of the onset and development of suicidal behavior. Suicidal behavior is argued to be the end result of the complex interaction between psychological, social and biological factors. Epidemiological studies resulted in a range of risk factors for suicidal behavior, but we do not yet understand how their interaction increases the risk for suicidal behavior.  A new approach called network analysis can help us better understand this process as it allows to visualize and quantify complex association between many different symptoms or risk factors. A network analysis of data contain information on suicidal patients can help us understand how risk factors interact and how their interaction is related to suicidal thoughts and behaviour. A network perspective has been successfully applied to the field of depression and psychosis, but not yet to the field of suicidology. In this theoretical article, I will introduce the concept of network analysis to the field of suicide prevention, and offer directions for future applications and studies.
Handgun Legislation and Changes in Statewide Overall Suicide Rates
Authors: Anestis Michael D. , Anestis Joye C. , Butterworth Sarah E.
Published: February 2017

Objectives. To examine the extent to which 4 laws regulating handgun ownership were associated with statewide suicide rate changes.

Methods. To test between-group differences in statewide suicide rate changes between 2013 and 2014 in all 50 states and the District of Columbia with and without specific laws, we ran analyses of covariance.

Results. We found significant differences in suicide rate changes from 2013 to 2014 in states with mandatory waiting periods and universal background checks relative to states without such laws. States with both laws differed significantly from those with neither. No significant differences in rate changes were noted for open carry restrictions or gun lock requirements.

Conclusions. Some state laws regulating aspects of handgun acquisition may be associated with lower statewide suicide rates. Laws regulating handgun storage and carrying practices may have a smaller effect, highlighting that legislation is likely most useful when its focus is on preventing gun ownership rather than regulating use and storage of guns already acquired.

Public Health Implications. The findings add to the increasing evidence in support of a public health approach to the prevention of suicide via firearms, focusing on waiting periods and background checks.
Measuring Socioeconomic Inequalities With Predicted Absolute Incomes Rather Than Wealth Quintiles: A Comparative Assessment Using Child Stunting Data From National Surveys
Authors: Fink Günther , Victora Cesar G. , Harttgen Kenneth , Vollmer Sebastian , Vidaletti Luís Paulo , Barros Aluisio J. D.
Published: February 2017

Objectives. To compare the predictive power of synthetic absolute income measures with that of asset-based wealth quintiles in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) using child stunting as an outcome.

Methods. We pooled data from 239 nationally representative household surveys from LMICs and computed absolute incomes in US dollars based on households’ asset rank as well as data on national consumption and inequality levels. We used multivariable regression models to compare the predictive power of the created income measure with the predictive power of existing asset indicator measures.

Results. In cross-country analysis, log absolute income predicted 54.5% of stunting variation observed, compared with 20% of variation explained by wealth quintiles. For within-survey analysis, we also found absolute income gaps to be predictive of the gaps between stunting in the wealthiest and poorest households (P < .001).

Conclusions. Our results suggest that absolute income levels can greatly improve the prediction of stunting levels across and within countries over time, compared with models that rely solely on relative wealth quintiles.
Promoting Universal Knowledge for All: Open Acess Week 2012 at Virginia Tech
Authors: Miller Rebecca K. , Debose Kyrille Goldbeck , Hall Nathan , Lindblad Purdom , Scripa Allison , Speer Julie , Young Philip
Published: February 2017

In 2012, University Libraries at Virginia Tech participated in this event for the first time to raise awareness of open access in general, and to promote services offered by the library for preserving and providing access to digital scholarship and research. By sharing our experiences and lessons learned coordinating a week-long series of lectures, panel sessions, workshops, and promotional activities, our intention is to encourage others to look for opportunities at their own institutions to share information about OA and the value and impact of open publishing
President’s Column
Authors: Broughman Lisa Lee
Published: February 2017

There is a tree on my campus, located just outside of the library, which isn’t particularly well shaped or attractive. However, it is still my favorite tree because it is so unique: this is the first tree in the area to herald the upcoming autumn season. Beginning at the very top, a few of the leaves start to turn orange in August, and the color methodically works its way down to the bottom by the end of September. Those first few leaves to change color signal an upcoming transition, simultaneously winding down the relaxed and balmy summer months while ushering in a new school year, crisp weather, and the upcoming holiday season.
The Library of Virginia Cookbook Collection
Authors: Ray Tom
Published: February 2017

My obsession with collecting cookbooks for the Library of Virginia began after a very savvy book dealer offered me a collection of Virginia cookbooks of “genealogical significance and import.” The fellow is a very good salesman and made a convincing argument, but his prices were more than I wanted to pay. He did, however, inspire me to begin looking for cookbooks in the aforementioned thrift stores and estate sales, where I usually pay from fifty cents to a couple of dollars for a book. Once in a while I am tempted to pay retail for a particularly good regional cookbook or a very unusual collective work. But usually I spend no more than $5. I seldom spend Library funds for cookbooks, but there are exceptions. For example, a few months ago a rare book dealer “offered” the Library a copy of the 1921 Hampton Institute cookbook, A Book of Recipes for the Cooking School, by Carrie Alberta Lyford, for about $275. However, after a bit of research I discovered that very edition still available at the Hampton Museum for $40. I’m sure the dealer’s copy has character, but the Library was able to acquire a pristine example for a very reasonable price. Considering fewer than 25 OCLC libraries hold the book, it can be considered scarce (though perhaps not rare).
The Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington
Authors: Sun Beth DeFrancis
Published: February 2017

While more than 85 million visitors have descended upon George Washington’s Mount Vernon home since it first opened to the public in 1860, few tourists have seen the new National Library for the Study of George Washington, which remains nearly hidden from public view but within a short sheep’s bleat of the Mount Vernon estate. Chief Librarian and Archivist Mark Santangelo explains that the Library ‘s founders wanted to build a serious research facility, off the main tour, that would inspire scholarship and advance education. Although the facility is open to “the people” (and not restricted to academic-pedigreed patrons), visits are by appointment only.
Multiplikasi Tunas dan Induksi Perakaran pada Ubi Kelapa (Dioscorea alata L.) dan Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta L.) Secara In Vitro
Authors: Hutami Sri , Purnamaningsih Ragapadmi , Mariska Ika , Diantina Surya
Published: February 2017

Dioscorea sp. (yam) is one of the minor tuber crops which
grows wildly in the forest and only a few of its species are
cultivated and used as main or secondary food.
Conservation is needed to preserve plant genetic material.
The objective of this research was to obtain methods of
plantlets propagation of D. alata L. and D. esculenta L.
through in vitro culture. The research was conducted at
Tissue Culture Laboratory of ICABIOGRAD in 2012. The
research consisted of three stages. First, shoot emergence.
In this experiment, young shoots were planted in MS basic
medium combined with benzyl adenine (BA) (0, 1, 3, and 5
mg/l) and gibberelic acid (GA) (0 and 5 mg/l). Second, shoot
multiplication. Shoots of Dioscorea which were planted in
the best medium of the first experiment were subcultured in
MS medium combined with thidiazuron (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and
3 mg/l). Third, root initiation. Shoots of Dioscorea which
were planted in the best medium of the second experiment
were subcultured in MS medium (½ MS and 1 MS)
combined with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (0, 1, 3, and 5
mg/l). Result of these experiments showed that shoot
emergence of D. alata L. and D. esculenta L. began at 2
weeks after planting in MS medium. More plantlets of D.
alata L. and D. esculenta L. were obtained by shoot
multiplication in MS media. Root initiation of the Dioscorea
began at 4 weeks after planting in MS media. The addition of
IBA (3–5 mg/l) on D. esculenta L. could not stimulate rooting
but led to the formation of callus at the base of the stem
buds.
Konstitusi Genetik dan Karakter Fenotipik Galur-galur Padi Pup1 Turunan Varietas Situ Bagendit
Authors: Wardoyo Suwaji Handaru , Miftahudin Miftahudin , Moeljopawiro Sugiono , Prasetiyono Joko
Published: February 2017

Acidity, phosphorus deficiency, and drought
stress are major problems in Indonesia’s Ultisol rice farming.
Development of rice lines tolerant to those stresses is
expected to be able to reduce the consumption of P
fertilizer. The objectives of the research were to evaluate
genetic constitutive of rice lines (BC2F6 population) derived
from Situ Bagendit x Kasalath and Situ Bagendit x NIL-C433
crossings, and to evaluate responses of those lines to
Yoshida nutrient solution under P deficiency and Al stress
condition. The research was conducted at Molecular Biology
Laboratory and Greenhouse of ICABIOGRAD, from
November 2011 to May 2013. The result of foreground
analysis showed that Pup1 locus has been integrated into
the genome of BC2F6 rice lines, eventhough some lines (SK5,
SK6, SK7, SK8, SK9, SK10, SK19, and SK20) showed
incomplete integration. Background analysis indicated that
majority (95.7%) of the Situ Bagendit background has been
recovered in BC2F6 rice lines. Al stress evaluation showed SN
lines were more tolerant to P deficiency and Al stress than
that of SK lines. Pup1 locus showed good expression under
low P and no Al stress. Based on genome proportion and
Yoshida nutrient solution experiments, a total of three lines,
namely SK13, SN2, and SN9, have potential good
characteristics. Molecular analysis within a marker-assisted
backcrossing (MAB) experiment should be carried out at
each generation of lines for gaining fully gene segment in
advanced generations.
Pengaruh Iradiasi Sinar Gama terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Regenerasi Kalus Padi Varietas Ciherang dan Inpari 13
Authors: Yunita Rossa , Khumaida Nurul , Sopandie Didy , Mariska Ika
Published: February 2017

Effect of gamma irradiation on rice callus depends
on the irradiation dose used. Irradiation dose is one of the
factors that affect the genetic changes in the cells of plants.
High doses can result in tissue death, meanwhile low doses
will result in abnormal changes in plant phenotype. The level
of sensitivity of a plant tissue against gamma irradiation is
different. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and
regeneration of callus in various irradiation doses of gamma
ray. The plant materials used were mature embryos of rice
var. Ciherang and Inpari 13. This study used a completely
randomized design with gamma irradiation treatment at
doses of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 Gy. Each
treatment consisted of 10 replicates with 5 embryogenic calli
per bottle. The results showed that the increasing doses of
gamma irradiation increased the percentage of dead callus,
inhibited callus growth, and its ability to regenerate. The
high percentages of callus of Ciherang and Inpari 13 that
formed green spots and adventitious shoots were mostly
obtained from controls. The percentages decreased at
irradiation doses of 10, 20, 30, and 40 Gy. Moreover, the calli
of Ciherang and Inpari 13 were not able to form adventitious
shoots at irradiation doses higher than 40 Gy and 30 Gy,
respectively.
Resistensi Wereng Batang Cokelat Padi, Nilaparvata lugens Stål terhadap Insektisida di Indonesia
Authors: Sutrisno Sutrisno
Published: February 2017

The rice
brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) is a
major insect pest of rice and their infestations occur every
year in several locations in Indonesia. The use of
insecticides often fails to control the BPH so their
populations are still high that cause rice crops show
hopperburn and the farmer loses the yields. The
development of insecticide resistant in BPH population is
one of the factors to contribute to the failure of insecticides
control. We have detected the development of field
population BPH resistance to BPMC, carbofuran, MIPC, and
imidacloprid, but we do not know yet the development of
resistance to other insecticides to control BPH in Indonesia.
This paper will review several cases on BPH resistance to
insecticides in Indonesia and other countries that include
aspects of the development of resistance in the field and in
the laboratory, the mechanism of resistance, inheritance of
resistance, genomics of resistance, and resistance
management. A policy and further study is also suggested for
insecticide resistance management in Indonesia.
Teknik PCR Kualitatif untuk Deteksi Produk Rekayasa Genetika Jagung Event BT11 dan GA21
Authors: Bahagiawati Bahagiawati , Reflinur Reflinur , Santoso Tri J.
Published: February 2017

In some countries, including Indonesia, labelling of GMO products is mandatory for giving consumers the right to choose
between GMOs and conventional products. Therefore, development of methodology that can detect a specific genetically
modified (GM) crops and to verify the absence or presence of GM material in a product including raw materials (e.g. grains)
and/or their derivatives is needed. The objectives of this study were to find the most efficient screening methods to detect
whether or not a product is GM material and to develop a specific detection method to identify GM product BT11 and GA21. In
addition, present study was also aimed to obtain a duplex detection method for both GM products. Two GM-maize, including the
BT11 and GA21 lines of maize (Zea mays L.), and one plant, namely NK11 as the nontransgenic control, were used as plant
genetic materials in the event-specific detection of maize. The target gene from each sample was amplified in different reaction
(simplex) using both the event specific primer and the endogenous maize reference, Zein, as internal control. Furthermore, in
duplex PCR, two targets were simultaneously amplified in the same reaction. The results showed that detection method of the
GM product obtained from present study enabled us to screen the GM products and specifically the event of BT11 and GA21
using simplex and duplex methods. The duplex method is more efficient because it can detect two GM crops in one time
compared to simplex method that only can detect GM crop one by one.
Perkecambahan dan Perbanyakan Gaharu secara In Vitro
Authors: Kosmiatin Mia , Husni Ali , Mariska Ika
Published: February 2017

Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis Lank) is one of the forest wood that are continously exploited. Currently, the Indonesian export of agarwood is decreasing because its population is endangered by excessive logging. Agarwood propagations need technology for reproduction of agarwood seedlings and their fungal inoculum. In vitro technique for germination of recalsitrant seeds and micropropagation are technologies that can be used for propagation of agarwood seedlings. An experiment was done to develop techniques for in vitro germination and micropropagation of agarwood. The in vitro germination was done using two different techniques. Firstly, sterile seeds were germinated on an MS medium + 50 mg/l PVP, 50 mg/l GA, and 1 mg/l BA or kinetin. Secondly, sterile seeds were germinated on basal medium of MS, 1/2 MS medium, MS medium without vitamins, as well as on MS medium without pyridoxine, nicotinic acid and WPM. Shoot initiations and multiplications were done on MS and 1/2 MS media containing 1, 3, or 5 mg/l BA. The explants used were cotyledone nodes, terminal shoots, single node with leaf, and sinle node without leaf. The results showed that the seed germination rate on the different media ranged from 7,14 to 50%. The seed germination rate on the MS medium without vitamis was the highest. The best explants for shoot induction and multiplication was single node with leaf which was cultured on MS + 1 mg/l BA.
Uji Pendahuluan Genotipe-genotipe Kedelai Hasil Seleksi In Vitro terhadap Cekaman Aluminium dan pH Rendah
Authors: Noviati Arief Vivi , Hutami Sri , Mariska Ika , Sjamsudin Endang
Published: February 2017

Aluminum toxicity is a major constraint to soybean production in acid soils. Since variabilities on Al tolerance in plants are very limited, mutation breeding, and in vitro selection were used to increase the variability. Three soyben genotypes were produced from cultivars Wilis and Sindoro that have been gamma irradiated and selected in vitro for their tolerance to Al on Al and low pH media. These genotypes and their original cultivars were then planted in a greenhouse in an acid soil on May 2001. The results showed that the plant performances were varied, some were shorter and more compact than the original. Based on the yield components, a number of plants from the genotypes showed higher than those of the control cultivars. These plants were considered more tolerant to Al than the original cultivars.
Produksi dan Evaluasi Antibodi Poliklonal untuk Deteksi Toksin Photorhabdus spp.
Authors: Suryadi Yadi S , Manzila Ifa S , Akhdiya Alina Thenawidjaya , Pratiwi Etty
Published: February 2017

Production and Evaluation of Polyclonal Antibody for
Detection of Photorhabdus spp. Toxin. Yadi Suryadi, Ifa
Manzila, Alina Akhdiya, and Etty Pratiwi. The research
was aimed to produce and evaluate polyclonal antibody
(PAb) for specific Photorhabdus spp. bacterial toxin detection.
Photorhabdus spp. toxin of HJ isolates which was purified
using Hi Prep. 16/60 Sephacryl S-200 HR column chromatography
revealed three different peaks of polypeptides.
The results showed that the protein concentration of crude
antigen protein (supernatant) was 3,711 μg/μl, whilst fraction
of protein was 1,95 x 10-2 μg/μl, respectively. The bioassay
using Tenebrio molitor larvae-3 indicated that after 48 h
application, the percentage of larvae mortality by crude antigen
was lower (73%) than by fraction antigen (93%). Based
upon NCM-ELISA test, PAb of fraction protein derived from
HJ isolate reacted with Photorhabdus spp. antigen yielded
stronger or darker violet color on membrane than that of
crude protein. In addition, it was observed that PAb could
differentiate specifically Photorhabdus spp. toxin with other
bacterial filtrate such as Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae, X.
campestris pv glycinea, Ralstonia solanacearum, Pseudomonas
syringae pv glycinea and P. fluorescens, however it
showed cross reaction with Escherichia coli. Further tests
are needed in optimizing PAb-Photorhabdus spp. sensitivity
to achieve effective concentration for detection of Photorhabdus
spp. toxin as well as specificity test against other
bacterial antigens.
Struktur Populasi Trichogrammatoidea armigera, Parasitoid Telur Helicoverpa armigera, Berdasarkan Analisis RAPD-PCR
Authors: Husin Bahagiawati Amir , Buchari Damayanti , Nurindah Nurindah , Rizjaani Habib , Utami Dwinita Wikan , Sahari B. , Sari A.
Published: February 2017

Population Structure of Trichogrammatoidea armigera,
Egg Parasitoid of Helicoverpa armigera Based on RAPDPCR
Analysis. Bahagiawati, Damayanti Buchari, Nurindah,
H. Rizjaani, Dwinita W. Utami, B. Sahari, and A.
Sari. Genetic structures of Trichogrammatoidea armigera
(Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), the egg parasitoid of
Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were studied.
Egg masses of H. armigera were collected from fields of
several locations in West Java and East Java with different
distances among them and two distinct cultural practices,
i.e., monoculture and polyculture. Genetic relationships
among T. armigera populations that emerged from the collected
H. armigera eggs were analysed by the RAPD-PCR
technique using four oligonucleotide primers. The four
primers revealed 55 presumptive polymorphic loci that were
used to estimate the population structures. The estimated
values of Fixation Index (Fst) was 0.16, indicating that there
was a division of the populations into subpopulations. This
Fst value implied the present of reproductive isolation
among the populations that might be due to their low
migration rate (1.3 insect per generation). This low migration
rate indicated the present of low level of gene flow among
the populations. A dendrogram resulted from the NTSYS
analysis indicated that the West Java and East Java populations
of the egg parasitoid had quite wide genetic distances,
while within each of the populations there was a subdivision
of minor populations. This finding has an important implication
on the program to release Trichogramma spp. as a biological
control agent. The release of the parasitoid cannot be
done randomly, because if we pick up a minor population,
the starter or the released population will mate with the
local population and multiply, thus the inundation will fail to
control the target pest.
Regeneration of Pruatjan (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk): Axillary Bud Proliferation and Encapsulation
Authors: Roostika Ika , Darwati Ireng , Mariska Ika
Published: February 2017

Purwoceng (Pimpinella alpina KDS atau Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) merupakan tanaman obat asli Indonesia yang terancam punah. Akarnya dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat afrodisiak, diuretik, dan tonik. Teknik kultur in vitro merupakan teknologi alternatif yang dapat diterapkan untuk konservasi dan perbanyakan tanaman tersebut. Mikropropagasi telah dilakukan melalui jalur organogenesis dengan proliferasi tunas aksilar dan enkapsulasi. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan BB-Biogen, Bogor mulai tahun 2004 hingga 2005. Penelitian ini terbagi atas empat percobaan, yaitu (1) optimasi lingkungan tumbuh kultur, (2) optimasi formulasi media untuk proliferasi tunas aksilar dan enkapsulasi tunas aksilar, (3) induksi perakaran, dan (4) aklimatisasi. Kondisi lingkungan kultur yang optimum adalah di growth chamber dengan suhu 9oC dan intensitas cahaya 1000 lux. Formulasi media terbaik untuk proliferasi tunas aksilar adalah media DKW dengan penambahan BA 4 ppm dengan eksplan berupa tunas tanpa daun. Penggunaan arginin 100 ppm lebih baik daripada glutamin 100 ppm dan modifikasi vitamin (mioinositol 100 ppm dan thiamine-HCl 1 ppm). Pada media yang sama, pertumbuhan tunas aksilar terenkapsulasi juga paling baik dan tunas tersebut dapat menembus kapsul alginat setelah 4 minggu dalam periode in vitro (85%). Penggunaan NAA 1,0 ppm menginduksi perakaran paling cepat (40 hari) dengan persentase perakaran paling tinggi (100%). Vermikulit bertekstur kasar paling baik untuk aklimatisasi tunas aksilar terenkapsulasi sedangkan arang sekam paling baik untuk aklimatisasi planlet.
Spektrum Ketahanan Galur Haploid Ganda Turunan IR64 dan Oryza rufipogon yang mengandung QTL Ketahanan terhadap Penyakit Blas (Pir)
Authors: Utami Dwinita Wikan , Ambarwati Alberta Dinar , Apriana Aniversari , Sisharmini Atmitri , Hanarida Ida , Tharreau Didier , Santosa Santosa
Published: February 2017

Resistance Spectrum of Double Haploid Lines Derived
from IR64 and Wild Rice Species, Oryza rufipogon
Contained the Blast Resistance QTL (Pir). Dwinita W.
Utami, A. Dinar Ambarwati, Aniversari Apriana, Atmitri
Sisharmini, Ida Hanarida, Didier Tharreau, and Santosa.
This study was initiated to determine the spectrum resistance
of the candidate durable blast resistance variety contained
the QTL (quantitative trait locus), Pir1 and 2. This QTL
was mapped on chromosome 2 detected using the advanced
backcross population (BC5) from the wild rice species
Oryza rufipogon to IR64. Pir (1 and 2) also established
on double haploid (DH) population derived from the selected
lines of BC2F3 population, progenies from the same
parents. The DH lines were developed to speed up the fixation
process of the recessive alleles in the selected lines.
Near isogenic lines with different blast resistance genes and
combination were used in this study comparing to the DH
population on their resistance spectrum using the known
avr gene isolates both on green house and field screening.
The determination of the resistance spectrum will useful on
the prediction of durability of blast resistance gene in DH
population. The results of spectrum resistance test in green
house and field showed that Pir1and Pir2 segregated on 1 : 1
proportion related with specific respond to blast avr gene
PH14 and CM28 resistance. Pir1 was identic to Pi33 or Pi25
and Pir2 to Pitq5 on spectrum resistance.
Karakterisasi secara Morfologi Abnormalitas Embrio Somatik Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) dari Eksplan Daun
Authors: Sianipar Nesti F , Wattimena Gustav A , Aswidinnoor Hajrial , S Maggy Thenawidjaya , Toruan-Mathius, Nurita , Ginting Gale
Published: February 2017

Morphological Characterization on Abnormalities of Oilpalm
(Elaeis guineensis Jacq) Embryo Somatic Generated
from Leaf Explant. Nesti F. Sianipar, Gustav A.
Wattimena, Hajrial Aswidinnoor, Maggy Thenawidjaya
S., Nurita Toruan-Mathius, and Gale Ginting. Somatic
embryogenesis is the development of somatic cells to form a
structure alike zygotic embryo direct or indirectly. Somatic
embryos from young leaf explants could be induced from
primary callus formed surrounding the palm-leaf rib. Embryogenic
callus will develop to be somatic embryos which
grew nonuniformly. Embryo somatic growth pattern of
globular, asymmetric heart shape, and cotyledon ary stage
produced different morphological variation. Morphological
variability of in vitro somatic embryos could be due to high
application of growth regulator 2,4-D at the beginning of
initiation, subculture frequency, loaded cells, and polysomic
cells from certain tissues. From the three clones used,
which were clone 638, 636, and 558, there were different
variation at each step of development stages, grouping
morphologically into normal and abnormal based on the
development of somatic embryos. The percentage of abnormality
from the three clone used was clone 27% (638), 30%
(636), and 46% (558). The normal somatic embryos at globular
stage were round and bipolar shaped; while the abnormal
embryos were oval and no bipolar. At heart-shape stage,
the normal somatic embryos had symmetrical polarized surface;
while the abnormal embryos had asymmetrical polarized
surface. At the cotyledon stage, the normal embryos
had monocot-tyledon; the abnormal ones were more than
one cotyledon.
Parameter Genetik Jagung Populasi Bisma pada Pemupukan yang Berbeda. II. Ragam dan Korelasi Genetik Karakter Sekunder
Authors: Sutoro Sutoro , Bari Abdul , Subandi Subandi , Yahya Sudirman
Published: February 2017

Genetic Parameter of Secondary Traits of Corn in Bisma
Population under Different Fertilizer Application. II. Genetic
Variance and Correlation of Secondary Traits.
Sutoro, Abdul Bari, Subandi, and Sudirman Yahya. The
magnitute of secondary traits of corn could affect the corn
yield. Genetic parameter value of secondary traits are
important in plant breeding, especially in selection program.
Genetic parameter could be used for estimation of correlated
response by involving value of genetic correlation and
genetic variance. Value of genetic parameter is different
among population and environment. Genetic parameter of
secondary traits on Bisma population under 3 different level
of fertilizer application were studied in Bogor. Result of the
study showed that addtive genetic variance of ASI, chlorofil,
seed number, amount of green leaves and LAI at flowering
stage greater than dominant variance. Conversely, additive
genetic variance of green leaf number and LAI at maturing
stage, and leaf senescene are lower than dominant variance.
ASI has greatest heritability among secondary traits
under three level of fertilizer application. Positive genetic
correlation was found between grain yield under low fertileizer
application and ASI under high level fertilizer application
or between grain yield under high level of fertilizer application
and ASI under low level fertilizer application.
Regenerasi Pepaya melalui Kultur In Vitro
Authors: Damayanti Diani , Sudarsono Sudarsono , Mariska Ika , Herman M.
Published: February 2017

A study was conducted in the Indonesian Center for
Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research
and Development to optimize papaya regeneration systems
through in vitro culture. Four steps were done, i.e., callus
induction, callus regeneration, root formation, and acclimatization.
Explant materials used were immature embryos of
papaya cv. Burung. Immature papaya embryos were cultured
on different media. The best medium for embryogenic
callus development was ½ MS + 10 mg/l 2.4-D + 60% sucrose
+ 143 mg/l adenine sulphate + 50 mg/l myo inositol +
400 mg/l glutamine, while that for callus embryo regeneration
was MS + 0.5 mg/l GA3 + 0.1 mg/l kinetin + Morel and
Wetmore Vitamin. Using this medium, the average of shoot
formation was three shoots per explant of embriogenic
callus, and the percentage of regenerated callus was 80%.
The color of shoot derived from this treatment was green.
Eighty percent of plants formed a complete root development
using ½ MS + 0.5 mg/l paclobutrazol media. Media hull
of rice and compost was the best medium for papaya plant
acclimatization. The percentage of survival on that acclimatization
step was 65%.
KOMUNIKASI PENDEK Perbanyakan Tanaman Artemisia annua secara In Vitro
Authors: Yunita Rossa , Lestari Endang G.
Published: February 2017

Artemisinin, an anti-malarial medicine
isolated from the annual wormwood Artemisia annua,
has a marked activity against chloroquine-resistant and
chloroquine-sensitive strains of Plasmodium falciparum.
This compound is useful for treatment of cerebral malaria.
An in vitro propagation system for A. annua has been developed.
Shoots were induced by culturing seeds of A.
annua on a MS medium containing BAP (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5
mg/l). Shoots were also formed on each seedling cultured
on the same medium. Root formations were obtained from
shoots that were subcultured on a MS medium containing
IBA (0, 1.0, 1.5, 2 mg/l). The results showed that MS medium
supplemented with BAP 0.3 mg/l was the best medium for
induction and multiplication of the shoots, while the MS
medium supplemented with IBA (1 mg/l) was good for root
formations.
Analisis Sekuen Gen Tubulin-β Isotipe 1 Cacing Haemonchus contortus Isolat Resisten terhadap Benzimidazole pada Domba di Indonesia
Authors: Haryuningtyas Dyah , Artama Wayan T.
Published: February 2017

Benzimidazole (BZ)
resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants
(sheep and goat) has become a significant problem worldwide.
Evidences of anthelmintic resistance to albendazole in
Indonesia has been reported from some government owned
farms in West Java, Central Java, and Yogyakarta. Previous
study on the sheep parasite H. contortus had shown that the
BZ resistance was related to selection for individuals in a
population possesing a spesific β-tubulin isotype 1 gene. The
study is aimed to determine mutation on coding region of
central part of β-tubulin isotype 1 gene of H. contortus resistant
strain from Indonesia. Seven H. contortus worms were
isolated from four BZ resistant sheep from two government
farms (SPTD Trijaya, Kuningan, West Java, and UPTD
Pelayanan Kesehatan Hewan, Bantul, Yogyakarta), and from
a BZ susceptible sheep from Cicurug, Sukabumi, West Java.
DNA was extracted individually from female H. contortus
worms. A fragment of 520 bp β-tubulin isotype 1 gene exon
3, 4, 5 was amplified using the PCR technique and then
sequenced. The results showed that a single mutation
occurred in codon 200 (from phenilalanine to tyrosine) had
caused benzimidazole resistance in H. contortus from SPTD
Trijaya, Kuningan, West Java. Mutation in β-tubulin isotype 1
gene of H. contortus from UPTD Pelayanan Kesehatan
Hewan, Yogyakarta, occurred in codon 198 (from glutamate
to glycine), codon 201 (from cystein to stop codon), and
codon 202 (from isoleucyne to stop codon).
Identifikasi Marka Polimorfik untuk Pemuliaan Padi Toleran Defisiensi Fosfor
Authors: Prasetiyono Joko , Aswidinoor Hajrial , Moeljopawiro Sugiono , Sopandie Didy , Bustamam Masdiar
Published: February 2017

Information on polymorphisms
among rice parents are very important in rice
breeding for tolerance to phosphorus defficiency. A study
was conducted at the Molecular Biology Laboratory,
Indonesian Center Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic
Resources (ICABIOGRAD) from October 2006 to July 2007 to
identify polymorphism markers from 6 rice genotypes. The
rice genotypes, i.e., Dodokan, Situ Bagendit, Batur, Kasalath,
NIL-C443, dan K36-5-1-1 were analyzed for polymorphisms
using 496 SSR markers, which cover the rice genomes.
Seven of the 496 markers were used as foreground and
recombinant selection markers, and the rests (489 markers)
were used as background selection markers. PCR amplifications
were separated on a 5% polyacrylamide gel and
colored by the silver staining method. Three different markers
among the seven foreground and recombinant selection
markers were selected from each crossing, which are
tightly linked with Pup1 gene and have a distance less than 5
cM. These markers are Dodokan vs Kasalath (RM277, SSR3,
RM519), Dodokan vs NIL-C443 (RM277, SSR3, RM519),
Dodokan vs K36-5-1-1 (RM277, SSR3, RM519), Situ Bagendit
vs Kasalath (RM28102, SSR3, RM519), Situ Bagendit vs NILC443
(RM28102, SSR3, RM519), Situ Bagendit vs K36-5-1-1
(RM511, SSR3, RM519), Batur vs Kasalath (RM277, RM1261,
RM519), Batur vs NIL-C443 (RM277, RM1261, RM519), and
Batur vs K36-5-1-1 (RM28102, SSR3). Variations in background
selection primers were found in each chromosome
and in each parent combinations. Primers on chromosome
4, 5, and 12 showed the lowest polymorphisms; more
primers are needed for these chromosomes.
Interaksi AtMEK1-EXGT pada Arabidopsis thaliana pada Saat Terjadi Pelukaan
Authors: Hadiarto Toto , Nanba Fumio
Published: February 2017

Protein
interactions occur within cellular level of stimulated plant
cells to relay signals from receptors to production of response.
AtMEK1-EXGT interaction had been detected in nontreated
Arabidopsis. In this research, interaction between
AtMEK1, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase of
Arabidopsis thaliana, and EXGT, endoxyloglucan transferase,
after the plant was wounded was examined using
co-immunoprecipitation and in vitro phosphorylation assay.
The results demonstrated that EXGT interact with AtMEK1
soon after and 10 minutes after wounding. In addition,
AtMEK1 phosphorylation activity increased when increased
level of EXGT was incorporated into the reaction mixture.
These indicate that EXGT amplifies wound-caused phosphorylation
activity of AtMEK1. The results elucidate part of
the AtMEKK1-AtMEK1-AtMPK4 cascade which is stimulated
by wounding. How the complex interaction between EXGT,
AtMEK1 and AtMPK4 fits within the cascade is remained to
be uncovered.
Keragaman Genetik Isolat Cendawan Pyricularia oryzae Menggunakan Primer Pot-2 (Rep-PCR)
Authors: Tasliah Tasliah , Reflinur Reflinur , Bustamam Masdiar
Published: February 2017

Rice blast (Pyricularia
oryzae) is one of the most important diseases of rice. It can
be very destructive in the field, when the environmental
conditions are favourable. Information on genetic diversity of
this pathogen could assist plant breeders in determining
strategy for a successful control of the disease. This study
was conducted to analyze genetic diversity in P. oryzae
isolates by a pair of Pot-2 primers using the rep-PCR
technique. These primers were designed from a transposon
element of the entire blast fungus genomic DNA. DNA
samples were extracted from 212 isolates of P. oryzae
collected from two endemic areas of the disease in
Indonesia, i.e., Tamanbogo, Lampung, and Sukabumi, West
Java, as well as from some non-endemic areas in North
Sumatra and West Sumatra). Results of the study indicated
that the 212 isolates could clustered into 21 haplotypes. The
most dominant haplotypes as indicated by their highest
frequency of haplotypes were haplotype Pot 2-019 (54.46%)
followed by haplotype Pot 2-021 (14.73%) and haplotipe Pot
2-016 (6.25%). Regardless of origins of the P. oryzae isolates,
we found 6 haplotypes from Tamanbogo (out of 117
samples), 13 haplotypes from Sukabumi (out of 77 samples),
and 11 haplotypes from North Sumatra and West Sumatra
(out of 18 isolates). It seems that genetic diversity of the P.
oryzae isolates was not affected by the total number of
samples/isolates, but rather by place of the origin and rice
genotypes from which the isolates were collected.
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Aluminum-toxicity Tolerant and Sensitive Soybean Genotypes Assessed with Microsattelite Markers
Authors: Tasma I Made , Warsun Ahmad
Published: February 2017

Analisis Diversitas Genetik Genotipe Kedelai Toleran dan
Peka Keracunan Aluminium Menggunakan Marka Mikrosatelit.
I Made Tasma dan Ahmad Warsun. Persilangan
dua genotipe kedelai dengan jarak genetik jauh menghasilkan
progeni dengan polimorfisme tinggi pada banyak lokus
yang memfasilitasi keberhasilan program pemuliaan dan pemetaan
karakter agronomi penting kedelai. Tujuan penelitian
ini untuk mengetahui diversitas genetik genotipe kedelai
toleran dan peka keracunan aluminium (Al), informasi diversitas
alel dan tingkat polimorfisme marka SSR dari genotipe
kedelai yang diuji, menentukan genotipe dengan jarak genetik
jauh sebagai tetua dalam pembentukan populasi pemetaan
karakter toleran Al, dan informasi diversitas genetik dalam
pemilihan tetua untuk program pemuliaan kedelai toleran
keracunan Al. Dua puluh empat genotipe kedelai toleran
dan peka keracunan Al dianalisis menggunakan 15 marka
SSR. Marka SSR lokasinya menyebar pada 14 kromosom kedelai.
Dendrogram dikonstruksi menggunakan Unweighted
Pair-Group Method Arithmatic (UPGMA) melalui program
Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate System (NTSYS) versi
2.1-pc. Diversitas genetik antara dua genotipe kedelai berkisar
antara 2-33,2%. Pada diversitas 33,2% uji klaster UPGMA
membagi genotipe menjadi 2 kelompok masing-masing terdiri
dari 19 dan 5 genotipe untuk kelompok 1 dan 2. Jumlah
alel SSR total 81dengan rata-rata jumlah alel per lokus SSR
4,4 dan rata-rata tingkat polimorfisme 0,55. Menggunakan diversitas
tertinggi 33,2% dua genotipe paling peka Al (B3293
dan B3442) dari kelompok 1 dan dua genotipe paling toleran
Al (B3462 dan B3851) dari kelompok 2 dipilih untuk membentuk
populasi pemetaan karakter toleran Al. Berdasarkan
nilai diversitas genetik tertinggi 33,2% banyak kemungkinan
kombinasi persilangan dapat dilakukan antara genotipe
toleran Al untuk pemuliaan kedelai toleran Al.
Hubungan Kekerabatan Jamur Pelapuk Putih Pleurotus spp. dengan Analisis Isoenzim
Authors: Achmad Achmad , Herliyana Elis N. , Agustian Ficky R.
Published: February 2017

Pleurotus spp. is an
edible mushroom commonly found on stem of wide leaf
trees or other wooden plants in the forest. A number of
Pleurotus species are found in Indonesia, and some of them
have been cultivated. An accurate technique is needed to
identify the species of Pleurotus correctly; one of the method
is the isoenzyme technique. Apart from its simplicity, cheapness
and quickness, this method also gives accurate information
on phylogenetic relationship among the Pleurotus
spp. The technique was used to determine phylogenetic
relationship in 6 isolates of Pleurotus spp., i.e., Pleurotus
sp.8, Pleurotus sp.6, Pleurotus sp.1, Pleurotus sp.7, and
Pleurotus sp.9, using the GOT System. Results of the analysis
indicated that all the Pleurotus isolates tested produced two
bands with similar thickness, except for Pleurotus sp.1 that
produced one band that move to the cathode (-). Another
isolate of Pleurotus spp. produced bands tend to move to the
anode (+). The genetic distances between Pleurotus sp.8
was similar to that of Pleurotus sp.9, while that of Pleurotus
sp.6 was similar to Pleurotus sp.7. Genetic distances of
Pleurotus sp.8 or Pleurotus sp.9 was similar to Pleurotus sp.6
or Pleurotus sp.7, with the longest distance on Pleurotus
sp.1. Pleurotus sp.1 showed a different migration distance,
where one of the isoenzym band tend to move to the
cathode (-). This indicated that Pleurotus sp.1 has different
phylogenetic relationship with the other Pleurotus spp.
Introduksi Gen DefH9-iaaM dan DefH9-RI-iaaM ke dalam Genom Tanaman Tomat Menggunakan Vektor Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: Purnamaningsih Ragapadmi S
Published: February 2017

Introduction of DefH9-iaaM and DefH9-RI-iaaM Gene
Into Tomato Genome Using Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
Ragapadmi Purnamaningsih. Plant genetic improvement
can be conducted through genetic engineering.
Parthenocarpic fruit production could increase fruit
production and its qulities. IAA genes were introduced into
three tomato cultivars Ratna, Opal and LV 6117 using two
constract genes DefH9-iaaM and DefH9-RI-iaaM. The iaaM
gene is able to increase auxin biosynthesis in transgenic
plant cells and organs because indol-eacetamide,
synthesized by the product of the iaaM gene, is converted
either chemically or enzimatically to indole-3-acetic acid
(IAA), while the promotor DefH9 enable IAA gene expressed
specifically in the ovules. The objectives of this experiment
was to identify gene introduction into plant genom of three
tomato cultivars. The factors tested were two constract of
IAA genes (DefH9-iaaM or DefH9-RI-iaaM), tomato cultivars
(Ratna, Opal, and LV 6117) and time of explant inoculation
(5, 15, 30 minute). The result showed that the best time
inoculation was 5 minute. Otherwise three tomato cultivars
response better to DefH9-RI-iaaM than DefH9-iaaM. The total
efficiency of regeneration and total efficiency of
transformation of both genes were 25.38% and 20.32%. PCR
analysis showed that 10 plant have positive PCR, were 1
plant carried (Opal) DefH9-iaaM gene and 9 plant (Ratna,
Opal, LV 6117) carried DefH9-RI-iaaM gene.
Empat Belas Tahun Perkembangan Peraturan Keamanan Hayati dan Keamanan Pangan Produk Rekayasa Genetik dan Implementasinya di Indonesia
Authors: Herman Muhammad
Published: February 2017

Fourteen Years of Development of Biosafety and Food
Safety Regulations of Genetically Engineered Products
and their Implementation in Indonesia. M. Herman. In
Indonesia, the need for biosafety and food safety regulation
of genetically engineered products (GEP) is well recognized.
The Food Law and the Decree on Provisions of Biosafety of
Genetically Engineered Agricultural Biotechnology Products
has been signed respectively by the President of Republic of
Indonesia in 1996 and by the Minister of Agriculture in 1997.
The biosafety and food safety regulation of GEP comprise of
guidelines, ministerial decree, joint ministerial degree,
government regulation, presidential regulation, presidensial
decree, and law. In the implementation of biosafety regulation
during the year of 1999-2001, there were five GE crops
and two enzymes products derived from GE microorganisms
for feed additive have been decraled as safe to the environment.
One of the five GE crop declared for environment
safety, the insect resistant (IR) cotton (Bt cotton) was commercialized
for limited released in seven districts of South
Sulawesi during 2001-2003. Whereas, from 2001-2010 there
are 13 GE crops have been studied in the greenhouse of
biosafety containment and confined field trials, among of
those there are two GE crops, herbicide tolerant (HT) GE
maize and drought tolerant (DT) GE sugarcane have been
assessed and recommended for environment safety. Five
application of animal vaccine derived from GE microorganisms
for studied in the biosafety containment and
confined field have been submitted to the regulator. In
addition to biosafety regulation, food safety regulation has
also been implemented after the Food Safety Assessment
Guideline for GEP has been signed by the Head of Food and
Drug Inspection Agency in July 2008. Food safety assessment
has been conducted on 10 GE crops such as HT maize, HT
soybean, IR maize, amylase modification maize and DT
sugarcane. There are some constraints encountered during
the implementation of biosafety and food safety regulation.
The constraints are the lack of commitment of related
institution involved in the regulation, lack of understading on
the regulation, and difficulties of implementing the regulation
on the import products such as maize and soybean for
food and feed process.