bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconsidering Nutritional Support in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Korwin Amy , Honiden Shyoko
Published: December 2019

Provision of nutrition is universally considered a key element of supportive care in the intensive care unit (ICU). Despite this, there is a relative dearth of high-quality data, and where available, results are often conflicting. As we understand more about the process of recovery for critically ill patients, ICU nutrition might be better thought of as active therapy that can and should be tailored to the needs of patients in more dynamic ways. With the advent of the programmable feeding pump, continuous feeding modes have become the default manner in which patients are fed in many ICUs. In the modern ICU era, where the goal of critical care has shifted from mere survival to surviving and living well, non-continuous modes of feeding may have advantages related to fewer feeding interruptions, ICU mobilization, optimizing protein synthesis and autophagy, as well as restoring gastrointestinal physiology and the circadian rhythm. More research is desperately required to provide a framework in order to guide best nutrition practices for clinicians at the bedside.
Sleep in the Intensive Care Unit: Strategies for Improvement
Authors: Dorsch Jennifer J. , Martin Jennifer L. , Malhotra Atul , Owens Robert L. , Kamdar Biren B.
Published: December 2019

Sleep in the intensive care unit (ICU) is considered to be subjectively poor, highly fragmented, and sometimes referred to as “atypical.” Although sleep is felt to be crucial for patient recovery, little is known about the association of sleep with physiologic function among critically ill patients, or those with clinically important outcomes in the ICU. Research involving ICU-based sleep disturbance is challenging due to the lack of objective, practical, reliable, and scalable methods to measure sleep and the multifactorial etiologies of its disruption. Despite these challenges, research into sleep-promoting techniques is growing and has demonstrated a variety of causes leading to ICU-related sleep loss, thereby motivating multifaceted intervention efforts. Through a focused review of (1) sleep measurement in the ICU; (2) outcomes related to poor sleep in the ICU; and (3) ICU-based sleep promotion efforts including environmental, nonpharmacological, and pharmacological interventions, this paper examines research regarding sleep in the ICU and highlights the need for future investigation into this complex and dynamic field.
A Case of Transposition of Great Arteries with Ventricular Septal Defect and Mesocardia Presenting for Neurosurgery
Authors: Biswas Soniya , Thakkar Keta , Ajayan Neeraja , Hrishi Ajay Prasad , Sethuraman Manikandan
Published: December 2019

Congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries (CC-TGAs) associated with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) presents with cyanotic spells and systemic complications such as brain abscess. In mesocardia, the heart lies in the midline with no apex seen on the left side. We report the anesthetic management of a child with CC-TGA, VSD, and mesocardia presenting with parietal brain abscess for neurosurgery. The significant anesthetic challenges include maintenance of peripheral vascular resistance lower than systemic vascular resistance, prevention of air embolism and paradoxical embolism, avoidance of hyperviscosity in addition to avoiding any rise in intracranial pressure, and maintenance of cerebral perfusion pressure.
Label-free microfluidic sorting of microparticles
Authors: Zhou Jian , Mukherjee Prithviraj , Gao Hua , Luan Qiyue , Papautsky Ian
Published: December 2019

Massive growth of the microfluidics field has triggered numerous advances in focusing, separating, ordering, concentrating, and mixing of microparticles. Microfluidic systems capable of performing these functions are rapidly finding applications in industrial, environmental, and biomedical fields. Passive and label-free methods are one of the major categories of such systems that have received enormous attention owing to device operational simplicity and low costs. With new platforms continuously being proposed, our aim here is to provide an updated overview of the state of the art for passive label-free microparticle separation, with emphasis on performance and operational conditions. In addition to the now common separation approaches using Newtonian flows, such as deterministic lateral displacement, pinched flow fractionation, cross-flow filtration, hydrodynamic filtration, and inertial microfluidics, we also discuss separation approaches using non-Newtonian, viscoelastic flow. We then highlight the newly emerging approach based on shear-induced diffusion, which enables direct processing of complex samples such as untreated whole blood. Finally, we hope that an improved understanding of label-free passive sorting approaches can lead to sophisticated and useful platforms toward automation in industrial, environmental, and biomedical fields.
Effective production of gammas, positrons, and photonuclear particles from optimized electron acceleration by short laser pulses in low-density targets
Authors: Lobok M. G. , Brantov A. V. , Bychenkov V. Yu.
Published: December 2019

Electron acceleration has been optimized based on 3D particle-in-cell simulations of a short laser pulse interacting with low-density plasma targets to find the pulse propagation regime that maximizes the charge of high-energy electron bunches. This regime corresponds to laser pulse propagation in a self-trapping mode where the diffraction divergence is balanced by the relativistic nonlinearity such that relativistic self-focusing on the axis does not happen and the laser beam radius stays unchanged during pulse propagation in a plasma over many Rayleigh lengths. Such a regime occurs for a near-critical density if the pulse length considerably exceeds both the plasma wavelength and the pulse width. Electron acceleration occurs in a traveling cavity filled with a high-frequency laser field and a longitudinal electrostatic single-cycle field (“self-trapping regime”). Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated that a high electron yield allows an efficient production of gamma radiation, electron–positron pairs, neutrons, and even pions from a catcher-target.
Study of Robot Localization and Control Based on Motion Capture in Indoor Environment
Authors: Qin Yong , Frye Michael T. , Wu Haibin , Nair Sreerenjini , Sun Kun
Published: December 2019

This paper researches a robotic localization system based on motion capture indoor environment. We apply motion capture technology to realize multi-robot positioning which achieves the multi-robots’ localization in indoor environment. It includes motion capture system, some robots,
and main computer for data calibration and communication. Motions capture system based on the theory of photogrammetry which was analyzed. And the virtual experiment environment was established according to the actual experimental environment. The performance is demonstrated by numerical simulation
and experiment.
Room Temperature Magnetoelectric Coupling, Electrical, and Optical Properties of BaFe2O4 – ZnO Nanocomposites
Authors: Dutta Papia , Mandal S. K. , Nath A.
Published: December 2019

Polycrystalline multiferroic nanocomposites with general formula xBaFe2O4 – (1 – x) ZnO (x = 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5) are prepared by chemical pyrophoric reaction method and solid-state route. The samples are characterized
by X-ray diffraction which indicates the formation of both the phases in the composites. The morphological analysis and elemental compositions have been identified by using field emission scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis techniques. These micrographs reveal
the particle sizes are in the nanometer dimension. The band gap of the nanocomposites is estimated employing UV-Vis spectroscopy. The DC electrical resistivity exhibits a metal-semiconductor transition for all the nanocompositions. Temperature-dependent AC conductivity of the nanocomposites
is found to obey the Jonscher’s power law. The room temperature multiferroic behavior of the nanocomposites is confirmed from the detailed magnetoelectric response studies. The coupling coefficient is obtained maximum for x = 0.5 compositions for both in transverse
and longitudinal mode due to the more ferrite content i.e., more magnetostrictive behaviour in the nanocompositions.
CENP-meta, an Essential Kinetochore Kinesin Required for the Maintenance of Metaphase Chromosome Alignment in Drosophila
Authors: Yucel Jennifer K. , Marszalek Janet D. , McIntosh J. Richard , Goldstein Lawrence S.B. , Cleveland Don W. , Philp Alastair Valentine
Published: December 2019

CENP-meta has been identified as an essential, kinesin-like motor protein in Drosophila. The 257-kD CENP-meta protein is most similar to the vertebrate kinetochore-associated kinesin-like protein CENP-E, and like CENP-E, is shown to be a component of centromeric/kinetochore regions of Drosophila chromosomes. However, unlike CENP-E, which leaves the centromere/kinetochore region at the end of anaphase A, the CENP-meta protein remains associated with the centromeric/kinetochore region of the chromosome during all stages of the Drosophila cell cycle. P-element–mediated disruption of the CENP-meta gene leads to late larval/pupal stage lethality with incomplete chromosome alignment at metaphase. Complete removal of CENP-meta from the female germline leads to lethality in early embryos resulting from defects in metaphase chromosome alignment. Real-time imaging of these mutants with GFP-labeled chromosomes demonstrates that CENP-meta is required for the maintenance of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, demonstrating that the functions required to establish and maintain chromosome congression have distinguishable requirements.
Third and fifth harmonic responses in viscous liquids
Authors: Albert S , Michl M , Lunkenheimer P , Loidl A , Déjardin P M , Ladieu F
Published: December 2019

We review the works devoted to third and fifth harmonic susceptibilities in glasses, namely

and

. We explain why these nonlinear responses are especially well adapted to test whether or not some amorphous correlations develop upon cooling. We show that the experimental frequency and temperature dependences of

and of

have anomalous features, since their behavior is qualitatively different to that of an ideal dipolar gas, which is the high temperature limit of a fluid. Most of the works have interpreted this anomalous behavior as reflecting the growth, upon cooling, of amorphously ordered domains, as predicted by the general framework of Bouchaud and Biroli (BB). We explain why most—if not all—of the challenging interpretations can be recast in a way which is consistent with that of BB. Finally, the comparison of the anomalous features of

and of

shows that the amorphously ordered domains are compact, i.e. the fractal dimension d

f 
is close to the dimension d of space. This suggests that the glass transition of molecular liquids corresponds to a new universality class of critical phenomena.
A study of TOF-MIEZE reflectometry for nanomagnetic dynamics
Authors: Hino Masahiro , Oda Taturo , Endo Hitoshi , Yamada Norifumi L. , Seto Hideki , Ohshita Hidetoshi , Kawabata Yuji
Published: December 2019

Through the combination of neutron reflectometry and modulated intensity by zero effort instrument (MIEZE) technique, it is possible to detect the inelastic and quasi-elastic scattering on the surface and at the interface of thin films. In particular, the combination of the time-of-flight (TOF)-MIEZE technique and polarized neutron reflectometry enables us to study the nanomagnetic spin dynamics in a thin film. We show experimental results of TOF-MIEZE signals of neutrons reflected by the Fe thin layer and Fe/Si multilayer as the feasibility of new technique for investigation of nanomagnetic dynamics.
Cosmology of f-essence with inhomogeneous viscous fluid
Authors: Myrzakul S , Arzimbetova M , Imankul M , Myrzakulov R
Published: December 2019

F-essence is a generalized form of fermion fields. In this paper, we study the dynamics of f-essence with a viscous fluid in the flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe. Various types of viscous fluids are analyzed and the possibility of reproducing the current accelerating expansion of the Universe is investigated. The cosmological parameters of this model are determined. It is shown that accelerated expansion can also be obtained with a viscous fluid of the fermion field, as in the case of non-interacting perfect fluid considered in most modern models of accelerated expansion of the Universe.
Making decisions in national energy markets with bifurcation analysis
Authors: Redondo J M , Ibarra-Vega D , Becerra-Fernandez M , Olivar-Tost G
Published: December 2019

A mathematical model for international integration of national energy markets was proposed by references. Lowering the dimension conveniently to 3 dimensions using system dynamics methodology, the dynamical system obtained could present a commutation region proposing that the system is a piecewise smooth system PWS with local bifurcations: Saddle-node and transcritical bifurcations. The bifurcation diagram is interpreted as a map of all possible system prospective scenarios, in this sense, the making decisions over systems have leverage points in its bifurcation parameters. In the national energy markets case, the bifurcations parameters depend on the generation lifetime and the investments rate, then two trend scenarios were defined: the absolute disappearance of the national supply of electricity or convergency at an equilibrium value of the national supply with which it is possible to serve the market. It is concluded that any investment and small useful life of the generation plants is not enough for attending the national electricity demand in the medium and long term.
Comparison between electric vehicle technology and gasoline in regular operation. Pilot experience in public service
Authors: Durán E A Velandia , Suárez J P Rojas , Abril M S Orjuela , Botia G C Prada
Published: December 2019

Urban transport is an indispensable component for the development of cities, however, the massive use of motorized modes of transport with polluting technologies has generated the non-sustainability of the sector. Colombian cities are no strangers to this problem and as an improvement strategy, the testing and implementation of electric transport technologies is considered as an opportunity for modernization, efficient use of energy, reduction of emissions and energy diversification taking advantage of the energy resources available in Colombia. In Bogotá, the taxi fleet, due to its high energy demand and responsibility in polluting emissions, is a segment where electric vehicles can offer benefits to the operator, the citizen and the city. A description of Bogota‘s taxi fleet, the presentation of electric vehicle technology and a comparison between a gasoline vehicle and an equivalent electric vehicle in regular operation are presented, as well as some results from the pilot‘s early years. The technology has demonstrated reliability and efficiency, benefits to drivers and significant savings in greenhouse gases, but requires new incentives for massification.
Design and content validity verification of an instrument to evaluate access to hospital infrastructure in Colombia
Authors: Martinez R P , Bueno L A , Gómez F R , Tiria L C
Published: December 2019

The present study determined the content validity of an instrument to assess Colombian health institutions physical access. The questionnaire was designed by the authors of the study, based on the Colombian Technical Standard of Accessibility to the Physical Environment 6047 framework. The content validity was carried out by six experts. To the score the content validity, the researchers designed a qualification template, and calculated a content validity index dividing the relevance and pertinence score of each item/question by the number of experts who evaluated the question. Based on methodological recommendations from the literature, items with content validity index ≤ 0.78 were eliminated from the questionnaire or modified in their wording in accordance with the recommendations of the expert reviewers. The content validity index of the scale was found to be excellent (0.95). In total, 2 questions were eliminated due to their low relevance index (≤ 0.78). The final questionnaire has 69 questions. The importance of determining the validity of the scale in the present study, lies in the fact that a firm scientific basis must be constructed to verify whether such an instrument accurately measures reality.
Security strategy for vulnerabilities prevention in the development of web applications
Authors: Vargas S , Vera M , Rodriguez J
Published: December 2019

In recent years, Higher Education Institutions through their Systems departments have strengthened security for the development of applications on web environment, because of their vulnerability to possible computer attacks. This research proposes a security strategy to reduce the risk presented by the web applications developed in the systems department of the Simón Bolívar University, in San José de Cúcuta, Colombia, based on a diagnosis of the current state of its security policy compared to other institutions of the department of Norte de Santander, the analysis of current regulations and the state of the art of security in web applications, as an object of study. This strategy of safe web software development arises in order to establish the security parameters that should be applied by the web software developers of the Institution, shielding the developed applications and thus guaranteeing the integrity of the information that is manipulated through them. The strategy was validated through expert judgment in the field of web application development, emphasizing the importance of applying it to prevent vulnerabilities in institutional web software and thus provide greater reliability in the management of information.
Discussion on Microbial Remediation Technology of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil
Authors: Feng Hao
Published: December 2019

The key issue in the world is to treat heavy metal contaminated soil. This is because environmental pollution, especially the intrusion of heavy metals in the soil, has polluted the ecological environment chain and threatened human survival. It has happened in all countries of the world. At present, through research on the source characteristics of heavy metals and the destruction behavior in soil, all countries have new research topics. This paper analyzes the soil heavy metal pollution and microbial remediation technology, and proposes how to use microbial technology to take action against heavy metal pollution in soil. The corresponding intentions of the measures with strong sexuality and effectiveness, as well as suggestions which are expected to have reference value for solving soil pollution problems.
Research on the Distribution Law of Influencing Factors of Landslides in Wumeng Mountainous Area of Guizhou
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Zhang Hui , Zhang Guangcheng , Hu Xinli , Zhang Hanbin
Published: December 2019

Taking Wumeng mountainous area in Guizhou province as the study area, by collecting landslide data and on-the-spot investigation records, a spatial database of 939 landslides and related influencing factors on GIS platform are established. The influence of altitude, relative height difference, slope angle, slope aspect, the shortest distance from landslide to rivers is studied. The results show that the number of landslides decreases exponentially with the shortest distance to the rivers. The most important factor affecting landslides distribution is topography and morphological, especially slope. The research can help human beings get along better with the surrounding nature environment and provide a basis and reference for environmental governance, landslide prevention and mitigation work.
Research on the dynamic relationship between environmental growth and economic quality based on VAR model
Authors: Guici Chen , Zuo Zhang , Yongmei Ding
Published: December 2019

In the last few years, there has been a rapidly growth in the china of economic, especially from 2010 to 2017. However, environmental quality paid a heavy price. This article established the VAR model of economy environment in China and we used the methods of generalized impulse response and Variance decomposition to carry out an empirical analysis of the dynamic correlations among economic evolution and environmental quality based on the annual data which is during the years of 2000-2016 in China. The results point out GDP shows a positive response to Solid waste emission in generally, and it picks up a significant part (71.1%) of the variations in GDP. However, there is negative impulse response of Exhaust gas emission to GDP in the whole process. Finally, it is worth noting that one standard deviation shock to Wastewater emission, the positive and negative impulse response of Wastewater emission on the GDP appear alternately.
Effect of Spraying Brassinolide on Fruit Quality of Citrus grandis cv. ‘Huangjinmiyou’ and ‘Hongroumiyou’
Authors: Wang Yan , Fu Xiaoke , He Wen , Chen Qing , Wang Xiaorong
Published: December 2019

Brassinolide (BR) is one of the new green and environmental-friendly plant growth regulators. ‘Huangjinmiyou’ and ‘Hongroumiyou’ are mutated from Citrus grandis cv. ‘Guanximiyou’ including rich nutritional ingredients. When they are introduced into Sichuan Province, the fruits showed lower sugar accumulation and higher acid content than that in Fujian Province. We compared the fruit quality by spraying 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 mg·L-1 of brassinolide to improve the fruit quanlity of pummelo production in Sichuan Province. The results showed that spraying approximate concentration of brassinolide could increase the flesh weight and edible rate, and ease granulation index of ‘Huangjinmiyou’ and ‘Hongroumiyou’. Also, brassinolide could significantly promote the accumulation of total soluble solid, vitamin C and total sugar. The TSS-acid ratio continuously increased with the increase of brassinolide, obviously improving the taste quality. The best effect on the improvement of fruit quality was selected by 0.06 mg·L-1 of brassinolide. This study will provide related basis for high-quality and high-efficient production of pummelo cultivars in Sichuan Province.
Spatial distribution of heavy metals in soil around municipal solid waste incinerators at coastal plain and inland mountainous region in China
Authors: Zhong Shan , Wei Zengxian , Zhang Lishan , Lei Chengqi , Gao Hui , Feng Jingkun , Suna Liwen
Published: December 2019

Heavy metals released from incinerator stacks are considered as the potential sources in soils surrounding the MSWI plants. In this work, heavy metals in soils sampled at different sites around the two MSWI plants with different landforms and weather conditions, namely, windy coastal plain region in Eastern China and calm inland mountainous area in Western China, were investigated. The average concentrations of Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb in soils at the coastal plain region were 274.21, 1053.47, 58755.9, 37.38, 90.60 and 40.53 mg/kg, in comparison with those of 224.0, 658.99, 39960.3, 31.72, 33.91 and 70.98 mg/kg in soils at the inland mountain region, respectively. Principal component analysis showed that Mn and Fe were presentd as background origin in soils surrounding both the incinerators. Cu, Zn and Pb distributions in the two studied regions were influenced by human activities. The application of pesticides contributed to Cu and Zn contaminations in soils surrounding the coast plain incinerator. Furthermore, the application of pesticides and local traffic had impacts on Cu distributions in soils surrounding the inland mountain incineration plant. The study highlighted that Pb was an important environmental indicator of MSWI air contamination. The source identification and spatial distributions of Pb indicated that the extent of soil contamination by heavy metals in the vicinity of a MSWI was highly ascribed to the stack emission. Furthermore, the terrain and meteorological conditions had a significant effect on heavy metal pollution distributions.
Hg Content Sedimented at Bottom Layer of Eastern Nearshore Waters
Authors: Yang Dongfang , Su Chunhua , Zhu Sixi , Wang Xiaodan , Wu Yunjie
Published: December 2019

According to the investigation data of Jiaozhou Bay in 1991, the Hg content and horizontal distribution at bottom layer were studied. The results showed that the variation range of Hg content was 0.011-0.054μg/L, which satisfies the Case I and II Sea Water Quality Standard. Therefore, in May, August and October, the bottom layer from bay center to southern bay mouth was mildly polluted or not polluted by Hg content. In May and August, the bottom layer of eastern nearshore waters was mildly polluted by Hg content, and in May, August and October, other areas were not polluted by Hg content. There was high sediment of Hg content in eastern nearshore waters. In other words, Hg content first reached the surface waters, and then sedimented to bottom layer of eastern nearshore waters.
The Controlled Mechanism of Hg Content Varying at Surface and Bottom
Authors: Yang Dongfang , Ren Haoyuan , Yang Dong , Zhang Longlei , Li Haixia
Published: December 2019

By the investigation dataset of Jiaozhou Bay in 1991, the vertical distribution and seasonal variation of Hg content at surface and bottom from bay center to northern bay mouth was studied, and seasonal distribution, variation externt and horizontal distribution trend of Hg content at surface and bottom were determined. The results showed that in May and August, the variation of Hg content at surface and bottom from bay center to eastern nearshore waters was 0.016-0.081μg/L, showing that the water quality was mildly or not polluted by Hg. From May to August, in bay center, Hg content at surface and bottom was low in spring and high in summer; in eastern nearshore waters, Hg content at surface was high in spring and low in summer, whereas, Hg content at bottom was low in spring and high in summer. The seasonal variation-controlled mechanism of Hg content indicated that Hg content at surface was not controlled by season, but source transport, and Hg content at bottom was not controlled by season, but cumulative and disputed effect of Hg content reaching seafloor. Therefore, from bay center to eastern nearshore waters, the horizontal distribution trend of Hg content at surface and bottom was consistent in May and contrary in August, which unveiled that at bottom, if without the cumulative matter content, the gravity feature of Hg content determined the consistent horizontal distribution trend of matter content at surface and bottom. In other words, in any waters, at any time, by different sources, the horizontal distribution trend of Hg content at surface and bottom was consistent.
Research on the diversity of Mentha dahurica Fisch. ex Benth. of the Xiaoxing’an Mountains area in Heilongjiang province
Authors: Zhang Yuehua , Wang Xue , Miao Tianlin , Wang Changbao
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status and distribution of Mentha dahurica Fisch. ex Benth. resources in Xiaoxing’an Mountains area, and to provide reference for the rational development and protection of Mentha dahurica. The collection and identification of Mentha dahurica in Xiaoxing’an Mountains area were carried out based on field investigation and literature review. 30 species of Mentha dahurica in Xiaoxing’an Mountains area were obtained, and 65 trees were initially identified. Mentha dahurica in Xiaoxing’an Mountains area mostly distribute in grassland and shrub, followed by broad-leaved forest, while Mentha dahurica are relatively rare in mixed forest and coniferous forest. Mentha dahurica in Xiaoxing’an Mountains area are rich in resources and have good prospects for development and application.
The Driving Effects of Forest Industry in China: An Input-Output Analysis
Authors: Qin Guangyuan , Liu Xuying , Cheng Baodong
Published: December 2019

This paper analyses Chinese forest industry’s significance and its driving effects with the 2007’ input-output statement and the 2008’ national economic census data; and concludes that forest industry itself created GDP 330 billion RMB, while driving the GDP increase by 270 million RMB, showing an obvious driving effect. Especially the paper making industry contributed most; The industry created 4.6 million jobs, while driving the job increase by 25 million, demonstrating forest industry’s job-creating capacity and its labour-intensive characteristics. The timber processing sector particularly created 2.4 million jobs, while driving the job increase by 10 million; Forest industry drove profit increase by 520 billion RMB, of which timber processing and paper making sectors contributed significantly; The whole industry drove the wage and welfare distribution up by 460 billion RMB, of which furniture manufacturing sector accounted for the largest share with 190 billion RMB, demonstrating forest industry’s important status among all sectors and significant driving effect on economy.
Starch wastewater treatment technology
Authors: Cai Tongbo , Lin Hua , Liu Zhaojun , Chen Kaiwei , Lin Yi , Xi Yuan , Chhuond Kong
Published: December 2019

Several methods of starch wastewater treatment in recent years, including physical method, physical-chemical process, biological method and combined process method, were reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are analyzed, and the development and research direction of these methods are prospected.
Study on the viscosity reduction experiment of stimulation wastewater in oilfield
Authors: Tong Xiao , Li Yan , Liu Ning , Ren Xiaorong
Published: December 2019

The stimulation wastewater is a kind of re-discharge wastewater produced by various operational measures according to the production needs, it has high viscosity and is difficult to treat. Based on the analysis of the viscosity characteristics of stimulation wastewater, the viscosity reduction experiments were carried out to evaluate the viscosity reduction effects of two measures. The experimental results show that the natural static viscosity reduction is easy and does not need to consume treatment agent. In the rapid viscosity reduction method, the organic structure can be destroyed by adjusting the pH value or adding oxidizing substances to meet the requirements of viscosity reduction. Among them, ozone has the advantages of fast viscosity reduction, good effect, appropriate amount of hydrogen peroxide, which can strengthen the viscosity reduction in wastewater and shorten the time of natural viscosity reduction. In summary, if enough time is available, static viscosity reduction is the appropriate method; if conditions are not available, natural static viscosity reduction and oxidative viscosity reduction are combined. Hydrogen peroxide is the preferred fast viscosity reducer, which can ensure the effect of viscosity reduction.
Research on Animal Corridor Setting in Desert and Gobi Area
Authors: Zhou Gang , Shao Shegang , Wu Xiaomin , Zhu Yufeng , Zhang Hongfeng , Wang Zhaoming
Published: December 2019

This paper, the authors take the design of wildlife corridor from Mingshui to Hami section of national expressway from Beijing to Urumqi as an example. The types, living habits and activity rules of local wildlife are analysed. The distribution of vegetation and water source along the highway was investigated, and the distribution of water source was taken as an important basis for the location selection of animal corridor. Considering the dry climate and strong wind along the route, the type of animal corridor is determined to be the underpass. Comparing with the utilization effect of Equus hemionus corridor on Qinghai-Tibet railway, the requirement that the clearance height of Mongolian wild donkey passage at Mingha high speed is more than 3.5 meters is put forward.
A Preliminary Study on Tidal Level and Water Increase during Typical Recurrence Period in Zhoushan City
Authors: Liang Yingyu , Chen Bingrui , Zhang Bei , Xu Lili
Published: December 2019

By using numerical simulation and taking Zhoushan City as the research area, this paper conducts station analysis and field analysis of tidal level and water increase based on long-term tidal data of Dinghai and Shengshan tide stations, with the purpose to prevent and reduce storm surge disasters that influence the marine and terrestrial environment. The results show that Dinghai Station is more greatly influenced by Typhoon 1509, and its water increase based on the 26-years series is significantly larger than that based on the 20-years series. Longer time series, taking more comprehensive situations into consideration, makes the results more credible. It also suggests that more reasonable situations shall be taken into consideration, so that we can get more reliable storm surge recurrence period analysis.
Biosorptive removal of divalent lead ions in wastewater by Elodea canadensis
Authors: Yi Zhengji , Liu Jian , Liu Xing , Zeng Rongying , Cui Ying
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this investigation was to explore the feasibility of utilizing heat inactivated (killed) Elodea canadensis to eliminate divalent lead ions from water solution via batch tests. The Pb(II) biosorption features of E. canadensis biomass were examined with regard to adsorption time, solution pH value and Pb(II) concentration. Our experimental result suggested that the lead biosorption depended highly on medium pH. A pH of 5.0 is most beneficial to lead removal. The biosorption data agreed with pseudo-second-order kinetic model with an adsorption equilibrium time of 60 minutes. Isotherm data agreed with Langmuir isotherm equation with 21.36 mg/g of maximum biosorption capacity. The results suggested that E. canadensis is an inexpensive and efficient sorbent for the elimination of Pb(II) from wastewater.
Effects of melatonin on the sugar metabolism and antioxidative response to excess nitrate stress in lettuce seedlings
Authors: Zhou Xiaoting , Zhang Yao , Deng Jimei , Jiang Zhongli , He Zhongqun , Zou Zhirong
Published: December 2019

Water and soil pollution by nitrate has caused severe impact to environment, especially the inhibition of plant growth due to the excess nitrate stress. Although previous studies reported the melatonin could mitigate injury of plants in response to excess nitrate stress, the alleviation mechanism of melatonin is still unclear. In this study, lettuce seedlings were used as materials, and the main sugar content, sucrose synthesis and metabolism related enzymes as well as ROS metabolism were investigated. There were dramatic changes in sucrose, glucose and fructose content under excess nitrate stress. Exogenous melatonin further increased the sugar content mentioned above, and melatonin increased some sucrose synthesis and metabolism related enzymes under excess nitrate stress, including sucrose phosphate synthase and acid invertase, enhancing sucrose synthesis and metabolism ability. In addition, the content of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide was increased by excess nitrate stress, while inhibited at presence of melatonin. The activities of SOD and POD were also increased by exogenous melatonin in response to excess nitrate stress. In a conclusion, it is suggested that there is a cross-talk between sugar and ROS scavenging pathway under excess nitrate stress, which is enhanced by melatonin, thus promoting the lettuce plants resistance to stress.
Study on Interference Factors of Light Scattering PM2.5 Dust Test Instrument
Authors: Fang Yiming , Li Qi , Chen Zhemin , Tu Yanbo
Published: December 2019

Light scattering PM2.5 dust test instrument is widely used, but it is susceptible to many kinds of interference, and will produce large deviation in some industrial sites. The influence of particle size, relative humidity and other parameters on the measurement results of light scattering dust meter is studied and corrected. The experimental results show that the relative error of detecting single particle size dust is smaller than that of detecting multi-particle size dust. Relative humidity has no effect on non-hygroscopic dust detection, but has obvious influence on hygroscopic dust detection, and the relative error after correction is significantly reduced.
Comparative Analysis of Chromosome Karyotype of Three Varieties of the Characteristic Tea plants
Authors: Jin Zhen , Sun Bo , Huang Jiacheng , Tan Liqiang , Tang Qian
Published: December 2019

ZY, HYZ and CH-1 are three characteristic tea varieties with different shoot colors. However, there is a lack of karyotype analysis of these characteristic tea varieties. In this experiment, the differences of cytological parameters of three characteristic tea varieties, and the control variety FDDB, were analyzed. The results showed that significant differences of the average arm ratio, relative length, karyotype asymmetry index and the karyotype formula were found among the three characteristic tea varieties as well as the control variety FDDB. Moreover, only ZY’s karyotype type was 2B, while the three other varieties all were 2C. Among them, HYZ was the most evolved and closed to FDDB, while CH-1 and ZY were very different from FDDB and evolved more primitive than HYZ. HYZ was the most evolved, and ZY was relatively primitive. PCA analysis indicated that the notable differences were found between FDDB and two characteristic tea varieties (ZY and CH-1), while HYZ is relatively close to FDDB. This findings revealed the variation of chromosomes among different color varieties at the cytological level, and provided a certain theoretical basis for the study of genetic variation and diversity of tea resources.
Analysis of glucosinolates in ‘Nainaiqingcai’ mustard under the alpine cold climate
Authors: Lin Peixing , Zhang Fen , Ma Jie , Qu Wen , Wu Rui , Chen Chunyan , Ma Wei , He Yuankuan , Zhou Ping , Sun Bo
Published: December 2019

The composition and content of glucosinolates were investigated in ‘Nainaiqingcai’ mustard to reveal the diversity of the glucosinolates among the individual edible parts (leaves, petioles, and bolting stems). The results showed the significant differences of the composition and content of glucosinolates were found in the different edible parts of ‘Nainaiqingcai’ mustard. Eleven glucosinolates were detected in leaves of ‘Nainaiqingcai’ mustard, including six aliphatic glucosinolates, four indole glucosinolates and one aromatic glucosinolate. Only ten of the eleven glucosinolates were detected in petioles and bolting stems of ‘Nainaiqingcai’ mustard. The highest contents of glucosinolates in ‘Nainaiqingcai’ mustard was found in leaves. Aliphatic glucosinolates were predominant in the ‘Nainaiqingcai’ mustard, followed by indole and aromatic glucosinolates. Sinigrin was the predominant glucosinolate in the ‘Nainaiqingcai’ mustard. In summary, these findings provide a theoretical reference for the scientific consumption and a foundation for the further study of ‘Nainaiqingcai’ mustard in the future.
Research on rapid semi-quantitative determination of copper in pyrotechnics
Authors: Wu Jun-yi
Published: December 2019

This study discloses a method for rapid semi-quantitative determination of copper in pyrotechnic powder for fireworks and firecrackers based on energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDXRF), including the following steps: preparation of samples, establishment of testing methods, determination of the characteristic line fluorescence intensity values of Cu element in samples, and according to the measured fluorescence intensity values, the copper content in the pyrotechnic powder samples can be semi-quantitatively determined. The method of the study has the advantages that: (1) the method is simple to operate, and the method can be repeatedly called for testing. Only one new test method needs to be built before the sample test. After the method is established, the test can be repeated at different times without re-establishing the test method for each test. After the first establishment of the new test method, the entire test process only includes three steps: sample preparation, sample loading into the sample cup and on-board testing. (2) The detection period is extremely short. After the sample is prepared, the entire measurement process takes only about 2 minutes. (3) Labor intensity is very low and the requirements for operators are not high. (4) The method has good stability, good repeatability and high credibility.
Study on Phase Transformation Behavior in Continuous Cooling Process
Authors: Wu Jian , Bao Li , Gu Yu , li Qi
Published: December 2019

The continuous cooling transition curve (CCT curve) system expresses the influence of cooling rate on the starting point of transition, transformation rate and microstructure are studied. In order to obtain desired microstructures and properties, the appropriate process parameters can be selected according to the continuous cooling transition curve. The CCT curve is very similar to the actual production conditions, so it is of great significance for studying the process of hot stamping of experimental steel.
Cause Analysis of Superheater Tube Cracking in Medium Temperature Separated Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler
Authors: Zhao Ming , Yao Xingjun
Published: December 2019

After running 41808 hours, the superheater tube of a medium temperature separated circulating fluidized bed boiler in a plant cracked. The tube is swollen and thick-lip-shape fracture is covered with oxides. By utilizing energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), optical microscopy(OM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), ANSYS, and other methods to detect the tube, it is found that the element content of the tube conforms to the standard. In terms of the shape of the fracture morphology, it is transcrystalline rupture, along with dimple and pores in the grain boundary. The carbides gather and grow at the grain boundaries, and the morphology of tempered sorbite is not obvious. By thermal field and stress analysis, the tube stressed runs in super-temperature environment. The tensile strength of the failed tube is not up to the standard. In all, the failure reason of superheater tube is high temperature creep cracking which is caused by the tube is not up to the T91 steel standard and long-term overheating resulted from the oxide layer.
Study the sealing pore technique of the nearly horizontal gas drainage hole in-seam
Authors: Wang Song
Published: December 2019

Through analyzing the influencing factors of hole sealing effect, the “eccentric drilling-pressure grouting” sealing pore technique was put forward, and was practiced in Yonghong coal mine. By contrasting its effect and, and verifying its reasonableness, the gas concentration in the drainaging pipelines was improved.
Statistics investigation of mechanical parameter of rock based on Bayesian reliability theory
Authors: Wu Xiangnan , feng Lizhi , Zhu JiWei
Published: December 2019

In order to improve forecast accuracy of bearing capacity of rock, the forecast method of bearing capacity of rock was constructed on Jeffreys prior using MCMC method of Bayesian theory. The proposed approach was used to estimate the parameters of Normal distribution. Numerical simulation study was used to produce the pseudo samples. The maximum likelihood parameter estimation method and Bayesian statistical theory were used to estimate the forecast value of the Normal distribution, which has been done by comparing with the theoretical value of the pseudo sample of Normal distribution. The result indicates that the forecast model of Normal distribution is optimal than the maximum likelihood estimation, and a significant improvement were noticed with the number increasing of pseudo sample. At last, the proposed method was applied to estimate the Normal distribution of bearing capacity of rock, which shows that the proposed method in this paper has higher precision and good applicability.
Design Strategy of Water Circulation System Above and Below Ground in Western Mining Area
Authors: Xiaodan Li , Zhiting Chen , Yakuo Li , Xiaokun Sun , Xinqi Li
Published: December 2019

Coal mines in ecologically fragile areas in western China are seriously deficient in water. The contradiction between coal mining and water shortage is extremely sharp. Therefore, how to effectively protect and utilize water resources has always been an important problem that plagues western mining areas. Based on the analysis of the water environment characteristics of the western mining area, a coal mine waters circulation system is designed. It consists of ground sponge facilities and groundwater reservoirs in the coal mine goafs.
Research on rapid qualitative detection of strontium in pyrotechnic powder used for fireworks and firecrackers
Authors: Jun-yi Wu
Published: December 2019

This study discloses a method for quickly qualitatively detecting the strontium element for fireworks and firecrackers based on energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDXRF), including the following steps: preparation of samples, establishment of detection methods, determination of the characteristic line fluorescence intensity values of Sr element in samples. The method of the study has the advantages that: (1) the method is simple to operate, and the method can be repeatedly called for testing. Only one new test method needs to be built before the sample test. After the method is established, the test can be repeated at different times without re-establishing the test method for each test. After the first establishment of the new test method, the entire test process only includes three steps: sample preparation, sample loading into the sample cup and on-board testing. (2) The detection period is extremely short. After the sample is prepared, the entire measurement process takes only about 2 minutes. (3) Labor intensity is very low and the requirements for operators are not high. (4) The method has good stability, good repeatability and high credibility.
Study of Dynamic Sealing Characteristics in an Elevated Flare
Authors: Zhang Shicheng , Xue Maomei , Tan Ling , Zhang Jing
Published: December 2019

Elevated flare is currently the most widely used flare systems in refineries and petrochemical, natural gas and coal gasification industries. Waste gases from upstream process must be burnt before releasing to the atmosphere. The emissions of combustible exhaust gases usually have large turndown ratios. The size of the flare is designed according to the maximum discharge condition. However, in the case of small flow rates, combustion can be highly unstable which affects the safety of the system. In practice, a dynamic seal is often installed on the flare header to prevent oxygen penetration. Inert gas is purged into the system to maintain a micro-positive pressure inside the flare header. Typically, the appropriate purge gas rate is decided on engineering experience which may not be able to ensure the operation safety. In this study, we carried out numerical simulations and experiments to investigate the fluid dynamics and oxygen concentration within a flare model. Typical working conditions are tested in experiment for validation purpose. The safe and economical purging speed is explored as well as the influencing factors to provide calculation methods and basis for the dynamic seal design.