bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract TMP53: Post Stroke Blood Pressure, It Ain't Over and Reload
Authors: Kang Jihoon , Bae Hee-Joon , Kim Beom Joon ,   CRCS-K
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Even high blood pressure (BP) is regarded as an important target for the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke, there is limited information how it is controlled and what effect is on the prognosis.

Methods:
This study was a nation-wide, multicenter, prospective study to observe 3-month BP and long-term outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. For all enrolled subjects, 3-month BP after index stroke event were collected and classified into good and poor controlled hypertension (SBP < 130 mmHg versus ≤ 130 mmHg) and normotensive state. The association of 3-month BP with a composite outcome of stroke recurrence, myocardial infarction and vascular death was investigated using Cox proportional hazard model with predetermined adjusting variables.

Results:
Of enrolled 17976 subjects (age; 67.8 ± 13.1 years-old, male proportion: 57.9%), hypertension was estimated in 64.1% (n = 10459) at index event. After 3-month, SBP was mean 130.1 ± 1.3 mmHg in patients with hypertension, of which 67.8% showed poor controlled hypertension. In the Kaplan-Meier survival curve, a hypertension-controlled state showed significant association with the composite outcome (Figure). As referenced with normotensive state, poor controlled hypertension independently increased the hazards for composite event (adjusted odds ratio, 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 - 1.66), but not good controlled hypertension (1.20; 0.91 - 1.59) with adjustments for age, sex, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, stroke severity and stroke subtypes.

Conclusion:
This study clarified the clinical impact to monitor and control the BP after ischemic stroke.
Abstract TP19: Thrombectomy in Medium Arteries Works for Distal Vessel Occlusions in Acute Ischemic Stroke - STRATIS
Authors: Liebeskind David S , Froehler Michael T , Zaidat Osama O , Aziz-Sultan M A , Klucznik Richard P , Saver Jeffrey L , Sanossian Nerses , Hellinger Frank R , Yavagal Dileep R , Yao Tom L , Jahan Reza , Haussen Diogo C , Nogueira Raul G , Mueller-Kronast Nils H ,   for the STRATIS Investigators
Published: June 2021

Background:
Mechanical thrombectomy is established for large vessel occlusions in acute ischemic stroke, but the potential role in distal vessel occlusions of medium arteries is largely unknown. Such distal arterial segments have not been measured with respect to thrombectomy devices used during endovascular therapy. We conducted a systematic analysis of arterial size, segmental anatomy and stent retriever device performance during thrombectomy.

Methods:
The STRATIS angiography core lab adjudicated the exact location of the occlusion, proximal and distal device deployment, relationship to arterial bifurcations and anatomical nomenclature. Arterial diameters were measured at all of these sites. Statistical analyses examined the relationship between these variables, arterial recanalization and eTICI reperfusion.

Results:
Thrombectomy was performed with various device sizes, including Solitaire 4x40 in 36.3% (306/844), Solitaire 6x30 in 31.4% (265/844), Solitaire 4x20 in 26.4% (223/844), unspecified in 3.8% (32/844), Solitaire 6x20 in 1.3% (11/844) and Solitaire 4x15 in 0.8% (7/844). Arterial diameter at the occlusion site was median 2.17mm (1.40-3.59) in the distal M1, 1.67mm (0.81-2.98) in the proximal M2, 1.50mm (0.92-1.99) in the distal M2, 1.24mm (0.67-2.00) in the M3 and 1.88mm (1.49-1.94) in the P1. Considerable overlap was noted between arterial sizes at occlusion sites carrying different segmental arterial nomenclature or vessel names. During device deployment in STRATIS, median arterial diameter at the occlusion site was 2.4mm (IQR 1.9, 3.4), 2.9mm (IQR 2.2, 3.6) at the proximal stent marker and 1.4mm (IQR 1.2, 1.7) at the distal stent marker. Substantial eTICI reperfusion (2b-3) was achieved in all distal vessel occlusions (Table 1).

Conclusions:
Substantial reperfusion may be achieved with currently available mechanical thrombectomy devices for distal vessel occlusions in medium arteries.
Abstract TP423: Predictors of Elevated P Wave Terminal Force and NT-proBNP Differ in the ARCADIA Trial
Authors: Tirschwell David , Longstreth W.T. , Kronmal Richard , Elkind Mitchell , Chaturvedi Seemant , Broderick Joseph , Meinzer Caitlyn , Moy Claudia , Kamel Hooman ,   The ARCADIA Investigators
Published: June 2021

Background:
Elevated P-wave terminal force velocity in ECG lead V1 (PTFV1) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are both associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation and are thought to be markers of an underlying atrial cardiopathy (AC). These AC markers are being used as entry criteria in the ARCADIA trial, testing standard of care aspirin vs. apixaban for secondary stroke prevention.

Methods:
We used baseline data from patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) who consented for AC screening in the ARCADIA trial to develope multivariable relative risk regression models separately predicting the dichotomous outcomes of PTFV1 > 5000 μV*ms and NT-proBNP > 250 pg/mL. Age, race and gender were forced into both final models.

Results:
Overall 924 patients were consented with a mean age of 66 years (SD +/- ) and demographics including 45% women, 78% white and 8% Hispanic. 113 patients met the elevated PTFV1 criteria and 162 patients met the elevated NT-proBNP criteria. Significant predictors in each model are shown in the Table. Black race was a significant predictor of elevated PTFV1 but not NT-proBNP. Increasing hemoglobin showed a differentially significant association with both AC markers, increasing PTFV1 probability but decreasing probability of NT-proBNP. Increasing age was significantly associated with greater risk of elevated NT-proBNP but not for PTFV1. A history of other vascular disease was not associated with either AC marker.

Conclusions:
Amongst the ESUS patients being screened for AC in the ARCADIA trial, varying demographic and baseline biomarkers are differentially associated with the separate markers of AC. These preliminary findings suggest potential pathophysiologic heterogeneity converging on AC, and underscore the importance of careful subgroup analyses as prespecified in the ARCADIA statistical plan.
Abstract WMP19: Pattern of Internal Carotid Artery Calcification Modifies the Effect of Intravenous Thrombolysis
Authors: Kauw Frans , de Jong Pim A , Takx Richard A , de Jong Hugo W , Kappelle L. Jaap , Velthuis Birgitta K , Dankbaar Jan W ,   Dutch Acute Stroke Study (DUST) Investigators
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
The pattern of intracranial internal carotid artery calcification (ICAC) has been identified as an effect modifier of endovascular treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke, but it is unclear whether it modifies the effect of intravenous thrombolysis. We evaluated the association between intravenous thrombolysis and 90-day clinical outcome, follow-up infarct volume and recanalization across different patterns of ICAC.

Methods:
Three groups from the Dutch acute stroke study, a prospective multicentre observational cohort study, were analyzed: patients with ischemic stroke, a subgroup (1) of patients with intracranial anterior circulation occlusions and a subgroup (2) of patients with M1 occlusions. ICAC pattern was determined on admission thin-slice non-contrast CT and categorized as absent, intimal, medial or indistinguishable. The primary outcome was 90-day modified Rankin scale. Other outcomes included follow-up infarct volume, recanalization and collateral status. Associations were quantified with regression analyses and stratified by ICAC pattern. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were adjusted for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, stroke severity, occlusion site and collateral status.

Results:
Of the 982 patients 609 (62%) received intravenous thrombolysis and 381 (39%) had unfavorable clinical outcome. Intravenous thrombolysis was associated with a lower modified Rankin scale in the groups without ICAC (adjusted OR 0.3; 95% CI 0.1-0.9) and with a medial ICAC pattern (adjusted OR 0.5; 95% CI 0.3-0.8), but not in the groups with an intimal (adjusted OR 0.9;95%-CI:0.5-1.5) or indistinguishable pattern (adjusted OR 0.6; 95% CI 0.2-1.8). In subgroup 1 (n=220), intravenous thrombolysis was associated with recanalization only in the group with a medial ICAC pattern (adjusted OR 3.5; 95% CI 1.2-11.0). In subgroup 2 (n=148), compared to an intimal ICAC pattern a medial ICAC pattern was associated with good collateral status (adjusted OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.1-6.0).

Conclusions:
Intravenous thrombolysis was significantly related to favorable clinical outcome and recanalization in the group with a medial ICAC pattern, but not in the groups with other ICAC patterns.
Abstract WP219: Lipoprotein Subfractions Are Associated With Stroke Among 9,795 Patients in the Field Trial
Authors: Toth Peter P , Keech Anthony C , Januszewski Andrzej S , O'Connell Rachel L , Lee Li Ping , Sullivan David , Taskinen Marja R , Drury Paul L , Watts Gerald F , Best James D , Ansquer Jean-Claude , Hankey Graeme J , Anderson Neil , Romo Matti , Jones Steven R , Jenkins Alicia J ,   FIELD Study Investigators
Published: June 2021

Background:
In the FIELD trial, a 5-year randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of fenofibrate vs. placebo in 9,795 adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D), the only standard lipid parameter correlating with microvascular (renal) events was triglycerides. Given the high prevalence of stroke among diabetic patients, we explored associations between lipoprotein subfractions and risk for stroke in the FIELD trial.

Methods:
We performed ultracentrifugation using the vertical auto profile (VAP, Atherotech) on plasma (baseline and after 6 weeks of fenofibrate). Analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression for new on-study events. Results were adjusted for gender and fenofibrate or placebo allocation.

Results:
HDL related analytes (HDL-C, HDL3-C, apo A1, apoA2) correlated with reduced risk for all stroke. LDL and its subfractions and Lp(a)-C did not. VLDL and its subfractions, non-HDL-C, triglycerides, apo B, apo En, various ratios incorporating apo C3, and the ratios of apoB/A1 and apoB/apoA2 all correlated with increased risk for stroke.

Conclusions:
VAP identifies multiple lipoprotein subclasses, apoproteins, and VAP subclass/apoprotein ratios associated with stroke. Many of these measures improved with fenofibrate therapy.
Abstract WP415: Cigarette Smoking as Risk Factor for Hematoma Expansion in Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Analysis From a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Majidi Shahram , Foster Lydia , Kellner Christopher P , Suarez Jose I , Qureshi Adnan I ,   On behalf of ATACH-2 Investigators
Published: June 2021

Background:
Cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. We evaluated the impact of smoking status on hematoma expansion and clinical outcome in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods:
This is a post hoc exploratory analysis of Antihypertensive Treatment at Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage(ATACH)-2 trial. Patients with ICH were randomized into intensive blood pressure lowering(SBP: <139 mmHg) versus Baseline characteristics were compared based on smoking status. Analysis of outcome measures was adjusted for covariates included in the ATACH-2 primary analysis or those associated with smoking status.

Results:
Of total of 914 patients in the trial with known smoking status, 439 (48%) patients were ever-smokers (264 current smokers and 175 former smokers). Current and former smokers were younger and more likely to be male. There was no difference in the baseline Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) score and initial hematoma size based on smoking status. Ever-smokers had higher rate of thalamic hemorrhage (42% vs 34%) and intraventricular hemorrhage (29% vs 23%); this rate was highest among former smokers (49% and 35%, respectively). Ever-smokers had higher rate of hematoma expansion in 24 hour [adjusted RR (95% CI): 1.46; (1.05 -2.03)] compared to non-smokers after adjusting for confounding factors. There was no significant difference in the rate of death and disability at 90 days between the two groups [adjusted RR; (95% CI): 1.18; (0.93 -1.50)].

Conclusions:
Our analysis demonstrates cigarette smoking as an independent predictor for hematoma expansion. There was no significant difference in death and disability based on smoking status.
Abstract WP418: Characteristic of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Related to Direct Oral Anticoagulant versus Warfarin: Results From the PASTA Registry
Authors: Suda Satoshi , Iguchi Yasuyuki , Fujimoto Shigeru , Yagita Yoshiki , Mizunari Takayuki , Yamazaki Mineo , Kono Yu , Kimura Kazumi ,   PASTA Investigators
Published: June 2021

Background and Purpose:
The characteristics of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC)-related intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have not been fully clarified. We planned to recruit patients prospectively and to investigate the characteristics and outcomes in patients with ICH receiving direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) and warfarin treatment.

Methods:
The prospective analysis of stroke patients taking anticoagulants (PASTA) registry study is an observational, multicenter, prospective registry of stroke patients receiving OAC. Patient enrollment started in April 2016 at 25 tertiary centers across Japan. We compared imaging, clinical characteristics, and discharge modified Rankin Scale (mRS) between DOAC- and warfarin-related ICH patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Results:
A total of 154 patients (51 women; median age 77 [quartiles 69-87] years) were analyzed. Of these, 111 patients (72%) received prior DOAC treatment and the remaining 43 (28%) received prior warfarin treatment (Fig. A, B and C). There were no relevant differences in clinical and hematoma characteristics between DOAC- and warfarin-related ICH regarding baseline hematoma volume (median [quartiles]: DOAC, 11 [5-23] mL vs. warfarin, 12 [5-30] mL;
P
=0.95), rate of hematoma expansion (DOAC, 12/111 [11%] vs. warfarin, 4/43 [9%];
P
=0.80), rate of subcortical hemorrhage (DOAC, 15/111 [11%] vs. warfarin, 10/43 [9%];
P
=0.80) and the proportion of patients with unfavorable outcome (mRS, 4-6: DOAC 76/108 [70%] vs. warfarin 23/38 [61%];
P
=0.26). Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) were detected more frequently in DOAC group than in warfarin (47/76 [62%] vs. 11/32 [34%];
P
<0.01). Subgroup analyses showed that type of DOAC agent did not result in relevant differences in imaging characteristics or outcome (Fig. D and E).

Conclusions:
Our results showed that there were no significant differences in hematoma characteristics and functional outcome among AF patients with DOAC- or warfarin-related ICH.
Abstract WP486: Microstructural Disruption of the Right Inferior Fronto-Occipital and Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus Contributes to WMH Related Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Huang Lili , Chen Haifeng , Li Huiya , Qian Yi , Yang Dan , Luo Caimei , Li Mengchun , Xu Yun
Published: June 2021

Background:
White matter hyperintensity(WMH)is the most common neuroimaging manifestation of cerebral small vessel disease and is related to cognitive dysfunction or dementia. However, little is known about the mechanism, and no effective indicators exist to predict WMH-related cognitive impairment.

Methods:
We recruited 22 healthy controls (HC), 25 cases of WMH with normal cognition(WMH-NC), and 23 cases of WMH with mild cognitive impairment (WMH-MCI). All individuals underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and a standardized neuropsychological assessment. Automated Fiber Quantification was used to extract altered DTI metrics between groups, and partial correlation was performed to assess the associations between WM integrity and cognitive performance. Furthermore, machine learning analyses were performed to determine underlying imaging markers of WMH-related cognitive impairment.

Results:
Our study found that mean diffusivity (MD) values of several fiber bundles including the bilateral anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), the left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), the right inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), and the right superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), were negatively correlated with memory function, while that of the anterior component of the right IFOF and the posterior and intermediate component of the right ILF showed significant negative correlation with MMSE and episodic memory, respectively. Furthermore, machine learning analyses showed that the accuracy of recognizing WMH-MCI patients from the WMH populations was up to 80.49% and the intermediate and posterior components of the right ILF and the anterior component of the right IFOF contribute the most.

Conclusions:
Changes in the properties of DTI may be the potential mechanism of WMH-related MCI, especially the right IFOF and the right ILF, which may become imaging markers for predicting WMH-related cognitive dysfunction.
Abstract WP488: Imaging Correlates of Vascular Cognitive Impairment After Recent Ischemia in Intracranial Atherosclerosis: Evidence From SAMMPRIS
Authors: Liebeskind David S , Romano Jose G , Cotsonis George A , Yaghi Shadi , Honda Tristan , Scalzo Fabien , Fiorella David J , Derdeyn Colin P , Prabhakaran Shyam , Feldmann Edward ,   for the SAMMPRIS Investigators
Published: June 2021

Background:
More than 50% of individuals with recently symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) manifest cognitive dysfunction. The imaging correlates of such cognitive impairment due to large vessel disease remain largely unknown. We examined the degree of cognitive dysfunction associated with detailed quantification of MRI DWI and FLAIR lesions at baseline in the SAMMPRIS trial.

Methods:
Central, blinded, adjudication of baseline MRI included measurement of DWI and FLAIR lesions and corresponding volumes. Cognitive function was assayed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score (0-30). Statistical analyses were used to describe MRI lesion characteristics and the correlation with baseline MoCA score.

Results:
At enrollment in SAMMPRIS, baseline DWI was available in 309/451 (69%) subjects, with FLAIR in 293/451 (65%). Baseline MoCA was median 25.0 (10-30). Chronic ischemic lesion burden on FLAIR was median 2.7 cc (0-87.0), with greater extent in those older than 60 years (p=0.03) and those on anti-thrombotics (p=0.01). DWI lesion volume (median 1.45 cc, range 0-71.84) was associated with NIHSS score (p<0.01), antithrombotic use (p=0.01) and time from qualifying event to enrollment (p=0.05). The number of DWI lesions (median 9, range 1-69) correlated (r=0.63, p<0.01) with total volume of acute infarction and was associated with more than 7 days from qualifying event (15.3 vs. 10.7, p<0.01). Chronic FLAIR lesion burden was associated with worse cognitive function or lower MoCA (r=-0.18, p=0.01) at baseline. Importantly, the volume or number of acute DWI lesions was unrelated to MoCA.

Conclusions:
Cognitive impairment associated with recently symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis reflects the underlying burden of chronic, not acute, ischemia. Routine MRI, including FLAIR may inform future studies of vascular cognitive impairment in large vessel disease.
Abstract WP94: Higher Mortality in Slow Blood Pressure Droppers: Blood Pressure Trajectory Groups of 1-Year After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Lee Keon-Joo , Kim Beom Joon , Han Moon-Ku , Kim Joon-Tae , Choi Kang Ho , Shin Dong-Ick , Cha Jae-Kwan , Kim Dae-Hyun , Kim Dong-Eog , Ryu Wi-Sun , Park Jong-Moo , Kang Kyusik , Lee Soo Joo , Oh Mi-Sun , Yu Kyung-Ho , Lee Byung-Chul , Hong Keun-Sik , Cho Yong-Jin , Choi Jay Chol , Park Tai Hwan , Park Sang-Soon , Kwon Jee-Hyun , Kim Wook-Joo , Lee Jun , Sohn Sung Il , Hong Jeong-Ho , Lee Ji Sung , Lee Juneyoung , Bae Hee-Joon ,   Clinical Rsch Collaboration for Stroke in Korea (CRCS-K) Investigators
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Although the effect of blood pressure in post-stroke outcome is well recognized, the long-term time course of BP following acute ischemic stroke and it’s influence to outcomes have not been well elucidated.

Method:
From a multicenter prospective registry of acute ischemic stroke patients, a total of 5,514 patients with measurement of systolic blood pressure (SBP) in more than 2 of 7 prespecified time points up to 1 year after symptom onset were analyzed. The patients were grouped according to longitudinal SBPs of each patient using a group-based trajectory model, and number of groups were determined by the optimal delta-Bayesian Information Criterion. Outcome measures, which were stroke recurrence, mortality and composite of each events along with myocardial infarction were prospectively collected up to 1 year after symptom onset.

Results:
Patients were categorized into four groups according to their SBP trajectories: low (27.0%), moderate (59.5%), persistently high (1.2%), and slowly dropping (12.4%). After adjustment for pre-determined covariates, there were higher risk of stroke recurrence in persistently high SBP group (hazard ratio (HR), 2.28 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-5.12]). Mortality was higher only in the slowly dropping SBP group (HR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.09-2.05]). Composite events were higher in both persistently high (HR, 1.96 [95% CI, 1.02-3.75]) and slowing dropping (HR, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.18-2.00]) SBP groups.

Conclusion:
There were a group of patterns in long-term longitudinal SBP changes after acute ischemic stroke. Especially, slow BP droppers might have a distinct nature with higher mortality and would be a target for future investigations.
Mechanism of Circular RNA RAD23B for Regulating Glycolysis and Proliferation of Ovarian Cancer Cells by Targeting MicroRNA-519b-3p
Authors: Yu Jinmei , An Yunting , Zou Meiyan , Li Xia , Dong Xiaoyuan
Published: June 2021

We investigated whether circRAD23B regulates glycolysis and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells by targeting miRNA-519b-3p. circRAD23B expression in ovarian cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissues, and miRNA-519b-3p expression in ovarian cance tissues
was significantly lower than that in paracancerous tissues (P < 0.05). Transfection sicircRAD23B or miRNA-519b-3p mimics can greatly attenuate cell viability, glucose consumption, lactic acid level, and CyclinD1 protein level (P < 0.05), and increase p21 protein level (P
< 0.05). Double luciferase reporter experiment confirmed that circRAD23B could function as a miRNA-519b-3p sponge molecule. Co-transfection of si-circRAD23B and anti-miRNA-519b-3p could greatly decrease cell viability, glucose consumption, lactic acid level, and CyclinD1 protein level (P
< 0.05), and increase p21 protein level by comparison with si-circRAD23B+anti-miRNA-NC group (P < 0.05). Inhibiting circRAD23B expression can, in turn, inhibit glycolysis and the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells by up-regulating miRNA-519b-3p expression.
A Comparative Study of Carotid Magnetic Resonance Plaque Imaging in Predicting the Early Progression of Acute Anterior Circulation Mild Stroke
Authors: Wei Bo , Xu Yiqin , Gui Xiaohong , Wu Chenglong , Wang Liping
Published: June 2021

To analyze the biological properties of carotid lumen stenosis and plaque before and after bifurcation of the bilateral carotid arteries in patients with acute anterior circulation mild stroke (AACMS) by 3.0 T high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) with the aim to clarify
the predictive effect of 3.0 T HR-MRI on early progression and poor prognosis in patients with AACMS. Random division of 96 patients with AACMS into a stroke progression group and a non-progression group. The bilateral cervical vessels of the patients were detected by HR-MRI. The degree of
carotid artery stenosis before and after bilateral carotid bifurcation was evaluated using a vascular plaque imaging diagnostic system. There were significant differences in the maximum and average wall standardization index, maximum wall thickness, maximum wall area, plaque composition, proportion
of plaque fibrous cap rupture, and proportion of VI complex plaques in the progressive group. There was no significant difference in the related indexes of bilateral vessels in the non-progressive group (P >0.05). There are significant differences in MRI morphological characteristics
of bilateral carotid plaques in patients with AACMS progression. Through a comparative analysis of the plaque load and plaque composition of bilateral carotid arteries using 3.0 T HR-MRI in patients with early-stage AACMS, the type and stability of complex plaques can be identified, which
serve as prognostic factors in predicting the early progression of stroke and guiding clinical treatment.
MicroRNA-200c Prevents Progress of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting Tyrosine-Protein Kinase Fyn (FYN)
Authors: Yang Jie , Wan Jianji , Dong Xiuqin , Deng Liehua
Published: June 2021

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), a malignant skin tumor, begins in the epidermis and the keratinocytes of the skin appendages. However, the cause remains unclear. MicroRNA-200c (miR-200c), a key modulator of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), has been reported to act as an anticancer gene in a variety of cancers. However, its role and partial mechanism in cSCC remain undetermined. The results of this study showed depleted levels of miR-200c in cSCC tissues. Its suppressive effects on cell proliferation, and motility, as well as its apoptosis-promoting effect, were observed in the A-431 cells. Additionally, immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR assays revealed thatFYNacted as a direct target of miR-200c, andFYNknockdown exerted had similar impact as that of miR-200c overexpression, including increased cellular apoptosis and decreased cellular growth. These results emphasized the onco-suppressive nature of miR-200c, which was evident based on its interaction withFYNin cSCC. This finding could have potential benefits in developing cSCC therapy.
The International Cognitive Ability Resource: A Free Cognitive Measure With Utility for Postsecondary Giftedness Research
Authors: Young Stephanie R. , Maddocks Danika L. S. , Carrigan Jamison E.
Published: June 2021

Research on high-ability postsecondary students has increased in recent years; yet identifying such students can be challenging. The International Cognitive Ability Resource (ICAR) is an online, open-access tool designed to facilitate measurement of cognitive abilities in research. We evaluated whether the ICAR is appropriate to identify high-ability postsecondary students for research; high ability was classified by a General Ability Index score of 120 or higher on the WAIS-IV. In a sample of 97 students from a U.S. university (Mean age 22.47 years, Mean General Ability Index score 115.13) the 60-item ICAR demonstrated adequate diagnostic accuracy to identify high ability with three appropriate cut scores (33, 34, or 35 items correct out of 60). The 16-item ICAR had no appropriate cut scores but demonstrated validity as a brief cognitive ability measure that could be used to examine relations between intelligence and other variables. Findings suggest that the ICAR could be a useful open-source tool for research with high-ability college students
CEOs Driving Decision Making Toward Higher Performance: Strategic Micro-foundations of Small-Sized Family Firms
Authors: Friedman Yair , Carmeli Abraham
Published: June 2021

Chief executive officers (CEOs) have a substantial influence on the decision-making processes of the top management team (TMT) and the performance of the firm in general, and this influence is particularly important in small-sized family firms. By integrating research on CEO qualities and the CEO–TMT interface to explain how they interact in ways that drive firm performance, we provide a first attempt to highlight the importance of CEO capacity to implement decisions that were made following a comprehensive process (i.e., strategic decision comprehensiveness, SDC) for the performance of small-sized family firms. In so doing, we provide a micro-foundation lens and also direct research attention to decision implementation, a key issue in the field of strategic management, which unfortunately has relatively been overlooked in the extant literature. Results of multisource survey data collected from CEOs and TMT members of 131 small-sized family firms indicate a positive interaction effect between CEO implementation capacity, the TMT SDC, and the performance of small-sized family firms.
GSK3 Inhibitor-Induced Dentinogenesis Using a Hydrogel
Authors: Alaohali A. , Salzlechner C. , Zaugg L.K. , Suzano F. , Martinez A. , Gentleman E. , Sharpe P.T.
Published: June 2021

Small-molecule drugs targeting glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) as inhibitors of the protein kinase activity are able to stimulate reparative dentine formation. To develop this approach into a viable clinical treatment for exposed pulp lesions, we synthesized a novel, small-molecule noncompetitive adenosine triphosphate (ATP) drug that can be incorporated into a biodegradable hydrogel for placement by syringe into the tooth. This new drug, named NP928, belongs to the thiadiazolidinone (TDZD) family and has equivalent activity to similar drugs of this family such as tideglusib. However, NP928 is more water soluble than other TDZD drugs, making it more suitable for direct delivery into pulp lesions. We have previously reported that biodegradable marine collagen sponges can successfully deliver TDZD drugs to pulp lesions, but this involves in-theater preparation of the material, which is not ideal in a clinical context. To improve surgical handling and delivery, here we incorporated NP928 into a specifically tailored hydrogel that can be placed by syringe into a damaged tooth. This hydrogel is based on biodegradable hyaluronic acid and can be gelled in situ upon dental blue light exposure, similarly to other common dental materials. NP928 released from hyaluronic acid–based hydrogels upregulated Wnt/β-catenin activity in pulp stem cells and fostered reparative dentine formation compared to marine collagen sponges delivering equivalent concentrations of NP928. This drug-hydrogel combination has the potential to be rapidly developed into a therapeutic procedure that is amenable to general dental practice.
Inclusive Practices in Special Education: Language and Literacies
Authors: McGraw Melissa L.
Published: June 2021

With a growing population of emergent bilingual learners in the United States, we are seeing more emergent bilinguals qualifying for special education services. Special education teachers must be prepared to meet the linguistic needs of their students in addition to disability related needs. One way of doing so involves adopting Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy to sustain students’ varied linguistic practices in the classroom. The present article outlines five considerations that may help special educators, including monolingual educators, invite students to draw upon their full linguistic repertoires. Considerations include: providing opportunities for students to use their multiple languages in the classroom, making explicit connections across languages, thinking expansively about literacy, modeling the use of multiple languages and literacies, and being critical of texts used in practice.
Effect of inner layer structures of weft-knitted spacer fabrics on thermal insulation and air permeability
Authors: Buzaite Vaida , Mikucioniene Daiva
Published: June 2021

The main goal of this research was to determine the influence of the inner layer thickness and tightness, which depends on the length of the float determined by the float step and number of floats in the pattern repeat, on the thermal insulation and air permeability of the multilayered weft-knitted fabric. For this reason, weft-knitted spacer fabrics were produced by using woolen yarns for the outer layers and polyester filament yarn for the inner layer, with the number of floats in the inner layer varying between two and 20. Results from this research showed that the consequent increase in thickness and tightness of the spacer fabric’s inner layer has unequal effect on the thermal insulation and air permeability. Therefore, similar thermal insulation can be achieved by having significantly higher air permeability. This is especially evident over a long period of time.
Centered error entropy Kalman filter with application to satellite attitude determination
Authors: Yang Baojian , Cao Lu , Ran Dechao , Xiao Bing
Published: June 2021

Due to unavoidable factors, heavy-tailed noise appears in satellite attitude estimation. Traditional Kalman filter is prone to performance degradation and even filtering divergence when facing non-Gaussian noise. The existing robust algorithms have limited accuracy. To improve the attitude determination accuracy under non-Gaussian noise, we use the centered error entropy (CEE) criterion to derive a new filter named centered error entropy Kalman filter (CEEKF). CEEKF is formed by maximizing the CEE cost function. In the CEEKF algorithm, the prior state values are transmitted the same as the classical Kalman filter, and the posterior states are calculated by the fixed-point iteration method. The CEE EKF (CEE-EKF) algorithm is also derived to improve filtering accuracy in the case of the nonlinear system. We also give the convergence conditions of the iteration algorithm and the computational complexity analysis of CEEKF. The results of the two simulation examples validate the robustness of the algorithm we presented.
How Does Nostalgia Conduce to Global Self-Continuity? The Roles of Identity Narrative, Associative Links, and Stability
Authors: Hong Emily K. , Sedikides Constantine , Wildschut Tim
Published: June 2021

In five studies ( N = 1,074), we examined the relation—both correlational and causal—between nostalgia, a sentimental longing for one’s past, and global self-continuity (GSC), a sense of connection among past, present, and future selves. Furthermore, we addressed mechanisms underlying this relation. We asked, in particular, whether nostalgic individuals might achieve GSC by constructing a narrative to give meaning to life transitions (narrative), connecting to the past (associative links), or believing in a self that is resistant to change (stability). Nostalgia predicted (Studies 1–3) and caused (Studies 4 and 5) GSC. The relation between nostalgia and GSC was consistently mediated by narrative, sporadically mediated by associative links, and unmediated by stability. The robust indirect effect via narrative remained significant when controlling for rumination (Study 3). We discuss theoretical and practical implications.
How Experts React: The World Health Organization’s Appraisal of COVID-19 via Communication Patterns
Authors: Markowitz David M.
Published: June 2021

How do COVID-19 experts psychologically manage the pandemic and its effects? Using a full year of press briefings (January 2020–January 2021) from the World Health Organization ( N = 126), this paper evaluated the relationship between communication patterns and COVID-19 cases and deaths. The data suggest as COVID-19 cases and deaths increased, health experts tended to think about the virus in a more formal and analytic manner. Experts also communicated with fewer cognitive processing terms, which typically indicate people “working through” a crisis. This report offers a lens into the internal states of COVID-19 experts and their organization as they gradually learned about the virus and its daily impact.
Henry A. Wallace as Presidential Candidate: “Am I in America?”
Authors: Magnus Wijkman Per
Published: June 2021

Henry A. Wallace challenged the bipartisan foreign policy of President Truman in 1948. The Progressive Citizens of America opposed Truman’s “get-tough policy” (the Truman Doctrine, loyalty investigations, Universal Military Training, and the Marshall Plan) and founded the Progressive Party. Other “liberals” formed Americans for Democratic Action and supported Truman, who claimed that the Progressive Party was a Soviet construction. Wallace refused to participate in segregated meetings during his campaign in the South and was violently attacked. He advocated the need for federal measures to prohibit segregation, discrimination, the poll tax, and lynching. Wallace was resoundingly defeated but proved right in the long run: military means could not solve social problems. Instead, it spread hatred of the United States in many countries. The 1948 election determined U.S. foreign policy for over 50 years, resulting in missed opportunities to improve housing, education, and social security at home, which still has repercussions today.

JEL Classifications: N42, F50
The Victoria: An example of Basque maritime technology that enabled the first circumnavigation of the globe, 1518-1522
Authors: Alberdi Lonbide Xabier , Etxezarraga Ortuondo Iosu
Published: June 2021

Using unpublished documentation collected from Spanish archives located in Seville, this article establishes the Basque origin of the Victoria, protagonist of the first circumnavigation of the globe. The article also assesses the suitability for transoceanic voyages of a Basque vessel of the early sixteenth century through a comparative analysis of the five ships that participated in the expedition.
Compulsory civil liability insurance, financial security: An integral component of compensation for ship-source oil pollution damage
Authors: Van Tan Pham
Published: June 2021

Oil pollution damage caused by oil spills at sea generally occurs on a large scale across numerous regions and countries, causing significant harm to marine ecosystems as well as worldwide economic loss. The costs are so severe in many instances that the owner of the ship responsible for the pollution cannot afford to pay compensation to those who have suffered loss. As a consequence, the need to cover oil pollution damages has given rise to compulsory liability insurance, which provides a financial guarantee against the costs of oil spills. Compulsory civil liability insurance has therefore become an indispensable part of the liability regime for owners of oil tankers and bunkers.
Theory-driven methods for practical entrepreneurship: Hypothesis testing in entrepreneurship education
Authors: Gifford Ethan
Published: June 2021

This account of practice focuses on an augmented Customer Development methodology which the author adopted for a module in a Master’s program in Entrepreneurship at a Swedish business school. The article details the techniques underlying this augmented methodology, and the journey toward its implementation. By conceptualizing “hypotheses” as testable statements linking together blocks of the Business Model Canvas, and “assumptions” as students’ assessments of the contents of each block at the outset of the process, the author provides a more pedagogical as well as a more scientifically and theoretically consistent model. Its effectiveness was assessed through discussing these changes with students who had recently taken the course prior to the author’s appointment as teacher. Adaptations such as this could provide an effective method for teachers who want to update an existing course, or who have recently been appointed to a new course focusing on practical aspects of entrepreneurship. Alternatively, it could help to inspire teachers who wish to augment course content to draw more on coherent theory building and good scientific practice, as are most often suited to Master’s level studies, but without radically altering the lesson plan, syllabus or reading material.
Aerodynamic surrogate model based on deep long short-term memory network: An application on high-lift device control
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wang Shuyue , Sun Gang , Mao Jun
Published: June 2021

An unsteady aerodynamic surrogate model based on the deep LSTM (long short-term memory) network is proposed for predicting unsteady aerodynamic coefficients. Deflection angles and deflection velocities of control surfaces are introduced to input values of the surrogate model to enhance the capability of identifying different motion states so that accumulative error can be controlled. Longitudinal stability is extremely important for flight safety while few studies have worked on unsteady aerodynamics of airfoils/wings with moving high-lift device (HLD) motion. Longitudinal static margin sequence of the HLD extending process is studied, and nonlinearity and hysteresis of coefficients in HLD motion are validated. The surrogate model is then applied in HLD motion control with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method. Additionally, the results are then performed in three-dimensional aircraft HLD control. Validation computations show that longitudinal stability of optimized configuration is promoted with lift coefficient unchanged.
Investigation of the characteristics of turbulent flow and heat transfer induced by a vibrating piezoelectric fan on asymmetrical concave surfaces
Authors: Li Xinjun , Chen Weiwei , Lu Shihua
Published: June 2021

This paper aims at performing an investigation numerically on the turbulent flow and thermal performances for an asymmetrical concave surface integrated with a slim vibrating piezoelectric fan. The dynamic mesh technique using a user defined function to describe the displacement function of vibrating cantilever beam is employed to model the deformation of the slim piezoelectric fan in time. Meanwhile, the SST k-ω turbulence model is chosen to capture the turbulence behavior of the flow and heat transfer. Two important factors, the relative curvature of the both sides of semicircular surfaces ( RK) and the dimensionless distance of fan offset along y-axis (Δ y/ APP) are taken into considerations during the simulation process. A considerable increase of local time-average heat transfer coefficients is observed in the vicinity of vibration envelope. The results show that the relative curvature ( RK) has a strong influence on the flow and heat transfer at both ends of the asymmetrical concave surface when its value is larger than 2. And by adjusting the dimensionless offset distance of the piezoelectric fan (Δ y/ APP), the area-averaged convective heat transfer coefficient can be increased by 20% on a small zone surrounding the fan with WPF ×  App (S1). The conclusions of this paper implement a theoretical attempt for expanding the application scenarios of piezoelectric fan.
Resurgent Ethnicity and Residential Choice Among Second-generation Asian Americans in a Los Angeles Panethnic Suburb
Authors: Patraporn R. Varisa , Kim Barbara W.
Published: June 2021

We draw on forty-six in-depth interviews with residents of Cerritos, California, a middle-class majority Asian suburb in Los Angeles County to explore the meaning of resurgent ethnicity and the ways in which a racialized identity informs residential preferences and choice among second-generation Asian Americans. Findings suggest that second-generation Asian Americans are choosing to reside in a place that offers cultural and class-based amenities that reflects a multiethnic sensibility. They also make residential choices based on family ties to strengthen and maintain intergenerational relations and share mutual social and economic resources. For second-generation Asian Americans, this racially dominant but ethnically diverse spatial settlement also provides a sense of belonging, signifying the continuing significance of race among middle-class, acculturated racial minority groups. As U.S. ethnic populations continue to grow and continue the trend of suburbanization and segregation, understanding such places and their implications will become increasingly important.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and Adolescents (MIS-C) under the Setting of COVID-19: A Review of Clinical Presentation, Workup and Management
Authors: Farooq Ayesha , Alam Fatima , Saeed Asma , Butt Farooq , Khaliq Muhammad Azeem , Malik Ayesha , Chaudhry Manahil , Abdullah Mohammad
Published: June 2021

Earlier in its course, SARS-CoV-2 was primarily identified to cause an acute respiratory illness in adults, the elderly and immunocompromised, while children were known to be afflicted with milder symptoms. However, since mid-April of 2020, latent effects of the virus have begun emerging in children and adolescents, which is characterised by a multisystem hyperinflammatory state; thus, the term Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) was introduced by the WHO and CDC. The syndrome manifests itself approximately 4 weeks after COVID-19 infection, with symptoms mimicking Kawasaki Disease and Kawasaki Disease Shock Syndrome. Demographically, MIS-C peaks in children aged 5 to 14 years, with clusters in Europe, North and Latin America seen, later followed by Asia. Although the exact pathophysiology behind the syndrome is unknown, recent studies have proposed a post-infectious immune aetiology, which explains the increased levels of immunoglobulins seen in affected patients. Patient presentation includes, but is not limited to, persistent fever, rash, gastrointestinal symptoms and cardiac complications including myocarditis. These patients also have raised inflammatory markers including C reactive protein, ferritin and interleukin-6. In poorly controlled patients, the syndrome can lead to multiorgan failure and death. The mainstay of treatment includes the use of intravenous immunoglobulins, steroids, immune modulators and aspirin. Adjunct therapy includes the use of low molecular weight heparin or warfarin for long term anticoagulation. Currently very little is known about the syndrome, highlighting the need for awareness amongst healthcare workers and parents. Moreover, with increased cases of COVID-19 as a result of the second wave, it is essential to keep MIS-C in mind when attending patients with a past history of COVID-19 exposure or infection. Additionally, once these patients have been identified and treated, strict follow-up must be done in order carry out long term studies, and to identify possible sequelae and complications.
Effects of structured home-based exercise training on circulating endothelial progenitor cells and endothelial function in patients with intermittent claudication
Authors: Pasqualini Leonella , Bagaglia Francesco , Ministrini Stefano , Frangione Maria Rosaria , Leli Christian , Siepi Donatella , Lombardini Rita , Marini Ettore , Naeimi Kararoudi Meisam , Piratinskiy Alexander , Pirro Matteo
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Exercise training improves walking capacity in patients with intermittent claudication (IC). Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), endothelial microparticles (EMPs), and endothelial dysfunction could play a role in this process.

Methods:

We measured EPCs and EMPs in a group of 60 patients with IC, and in a control group of 20 individuals without IC, before a treadmill test and 2, 24, and 48 hours after the test. Thirty patients with IC were randomly assigned to perform a 12-week home-based exercise training program. The EPC count, flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, pain-free walking time (PFWT), and maximum walking time (MWT) were measured at the baseline and after the exercise training program.

Results:

In patients with IC, EMPs significantly increased 2 hours after the treadmill test, whereas EPCs significantly increased after 24 hours. Among the subjects assigned to complete the training program, we observed a significant increase in the number of EPCs after 12 weeks, as well as an improvement in FMD, PFWT, and MWT. A significant correlation between the variation of EPCs, FMD, and MWT was found. The increase of EPCs and FMD were independent determinants of the walking capacity improvement, without significant interaction.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that EPCs mobilization contributes to the improvement of walking capacity in patients with IC undergoing structured physical training. A number of different, partly independent, mechanisms are involved in this process, and our results highlight the potential role of EMPs release and endothelial function improvement. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04302571