bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Three-Dimensional Piezo-Electric Beams via a Unified Formulation
Authors: Giunta Gaetano , Koutsawa Yao , Belouettar Salim
Published: August 2013

A Unified Formulation for deriving several higher-order theories and related finite elements for beams is presented within this paper.Three-dimensional structures with piezo-electric layers are considered.Static and free vibration analyses are carried out.Models' main unknowns are the displacements and the electric potential.They are approximated above the beam cross-section via Lagrange's polynomials in a layer-wise sense.Finite elements stiffness and mass matrices are derived in a nucleal form using d'Alembert's Principle.This nucleal form is representative of the generic term in the approximating expansion of the displacements and electric potential over the cross-section.It is, therefore, invariant versus the theory expansion order and the element nodes' number.In such a manner, higher-order displacements-based theories that account for non-classical effectssuch as transverse shear deformations and cross-section in- and out-of-plane warping are straightforwardly formulated.Results are given in terms of displacements, electrical potential and stresses.Comparison with three-dimensional finite elements models are provided, showing thataccurate results can be obtained with reduced computational costs.
Wireless Structural Sensing
Authors: Gaudenzi Paolo , Facchini Gianluca
Published: August 2013

The evolution of the smart structure technology on one side and the recent innovations in ICT have generated a new functionality in structural engineering: wireless structural sensing (WSS). This concept refers to the idea of measuring the structural response of a mechanical component and transmitting in remote the data to a control centre. WSS can be viewed as an extension of the features of a smart structure that includes now not only a sensing capability but also the possibility of transmitting signals, in the presence of a transceiver. In the paper, the characteristics of this technology and the potential outcomes in terms of products and services are illustrated. The constituent elements of the system are also described and the evolution of structural design for such structural systems is highlighted in terms of the driving design parameters. Some basic demonstrators produced by the research group of the authors are also illustrated as practical implementation of the WSS technology.
Microcapsule Particle Size and Size Distribution and its Influencing Factors
Authors: Zhen Zhao Hui , Wang Zheng Shun
Published: August 2013

The paper studied the microcapsule particle size, size distribution and its influencing factors with melamine formaldehyde resin (MF-resin) as wall and CVL as core. The results indicated that the microcapsules mean particle size decreased, size distribution became narrow with the increase of emulsifying time and shear rate. Low pH value would make the microcapsules have rough surface morphology and large particle size.
Manufacturing of Hydride-Forming Alloys from Mixed Titanium-Iron Oxide
Authors: Davids M.W. , Lototskyy M. , Pollet B.G.
Published: August 2013

Synthesis of TiFebased metal hydride-forming alloy from mixed titanium iron oxide (ilmenite, FeTiO3) was carried out by a two-stage reduction of the latter using H2 and CaH2 as reducing agents. The reversible hydrogen absorption capacity of the TiFe based material was about 0.5 wt. % H, that is significantly lower than the corresponding values (~1.8 wt. % H) reported in the literature. The main reason for that was in too high amount of oxygen present in the as-prepared TiFe alloy. Thus in order to improve the hydrogen absorption of the raw TiFe, the material was further alloyed together with Zr, Cr, Mn, Ni and Cu to yield an AB2 alloy. For the as-prepared AB2 alloy, the reversible hydrogen sorption capacity was about 1.3 wt. % H at P = 40 bar and >1.8 wt. % at P = 150 bar, which is acceptable for stationary applications. Finally, the material was found to be superior when compared to known AB2-type alloys, with regard to their activation and poisoning tolerance.
Preparation, Characterization of P(AA-AM)/Organic Montmorillonite Super Absorbent Resin under Focused Signal-Mode Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Lai Shui Li , Gao Ying Hua
Published: August 2013

A super absorbent resin (SAR) of acrylic acid (AA)/acrylamide (AM) /organic montmorillonite (OMMT) composite was synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization. This process was carried out under precision microwave organic synthesis system and its single-mode focusing microwave irradiation technology was studied. The montmorillonite (MMT) was modified by treating with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.The characteristics of the obtained SAR, natural and modified montmorillonite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the intercalation is successful, the CTAB as a organic modifier introuduced into lattice layers of montmorillonite by cation-exchange reaction.The SAR have higher liquid absorbency rate.
Thermal Modeling Solid-Liquid Phase Change Materials (PCMs)
Authors: Hu Tao , Li Yan , Su Duo , Lv Hai Xia
Published: August 2013

Three thermal modeling methods for phase change materials (PCMs): enthalpy-based method, effective heat capacity method and apparent heat capacity method, are presented in details. Their characteristics and application limitations are compared and discussed. We found that enthalpy-based method and effective heat capacity method are both approximation treatments, and can be well used in steady state problems, while apparent heat capacity method tracks the moving phase change boundary in PCMs, and it is the most accurate and applicable method of the three for dealing with transient processes. This work might provide useful information for the study of using PCMs in temperature control field, especially in aircraft environmental temperature control and thermal management.
Evaluation of Properties of Selected Coatings on Aisi Grade 18Ni (250) Maraging Steel in Terms of their Use in Gears
Authors: Bošanský Miroslav , Vanya Attila , Čaplovič Lubomír , Hudáková Mária , Sondor Jozef
Published: August 2013

The paper deals with the evaluation of selected properties of thin hard coatings on the AISI Grade 18Ni (250) Maraging Steel substrate. The paper describes their tribological properties and, based on critical evaluation, a thin hard coating is designed applicable to the maraging steel for the case of its use for the production of gears, in order to increase the surface resistance of tooth flanks of gears made of this material.
Effect of Sonofication of Carbon Black and 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) on the Properties of Rubber-Carbon Black Composite
Authors: Budianto Emil , Anggaravidya M. , Sudirman Sudirman , Liza C. , Soegijono B. , Djamin M.
Published: August 2013

In order to improve the mechanical properties of natural rubber so it can be used as raw material for industrial component, it is required to add filler and coupling agent to the natural rubber. In previous study, carbon black obtained from sonofication process for 3 and 5 hours was added (filled) to improve thermal and mechanical properties of rubber-carbon black, where the improvement was influenced by the period of sonofication of carbon black, which subsequently added to the rubber-carbon black composite.In this study, various rubber-carbon composites have been synthesized using thin pale crepe (TPC) natural rubber as matrix, strengthened by carbon black N 660, sonoficated N 660, and addition of 2 phr of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) to each composite. The obtained rubber-carbon black composite was characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Universal Testing Machine was used to characterize its mechanical properties.Bound rubber value and mechanical properties of rubber-carbon black composite improved as a result of the addition of carbon black obtained from sonofication and APTS. However, contrast result was observed when sonoficated carbon black and APTS were added simultaneously.
Semi-Industrial Scale Preliminary Test of Silicon Thermal Reduction Lithium with Internal Thermal Resistance Furnace
Authors: Di Yue Zhong , Tao Shao Hu , Feng Nai Xiang , Wang Zhi Guo
Published: August 2013

With the development of vacuum technology and the demand of lithium increasing rapidly all over the world, vacuum thermal extraction lithium will be applied widely in future. A new internal thermal resistance furnace for lithium smelting was designed, which can be used for the thermal decomposition of Li2CO3 and reduction of Li2O. The production capacity is 7.5kg lithium per test. Semi-industrial scale preliminary test was researched in the internal thermal resistance furnace. The results show that the decomposition efficiency of lithium carbonate can be above 98%, the calcined product meets the requirement of reduction lithium. But the lithium reduction rate is 63.86%, which is below the reduction rate of basis experiment, so the design of crystallizer and technological process should be improved.
Simulation of the Mechanical Behavior of Nanodispersed Elastomer Particle-Modified Polyamide 6
Authors: Wiedmaier Jing , Weber Ulrich , Schmauder Siegfried
Published: August 2013

In this work the nanodispersed elastomer copolymer particle-modified polyamide 6 (PA 6) is investigated. Micromechanical modelling is proposed to predict the mechanical behaviour of this material up to failure. A three-dimensional self-consistent embedded unit cell model is chosen which has been well applied for simulating the elastoplasticdeformation of this PA 6-composite [1,. This model will be here modified with the consideration of debonding between the elastomer particles and the PA 6-matrix. The predictions are in very good agreement with the experimental results. In terms of crash behavior, e.g. in the automotive industry the material behaviour under dynamic loading is also of particular interest. Impact strength is one of the most important parameters for describing this material behaviour. A full three-dimensional dynamic simulation of V-notched Charpy impact test is performed in ABAQUS/Explicit. The calculated impact strength coincides plausibly well with the experimental determination.
Comparison of Loading and Unloading Behavior of Commercial and Locally Made Copper-Nickle-Titanium (NiTiCu) Orthodontic Archwire
Authors: Puranitee V. , Dechkunakorn Surachai , Anuwongnukroh Niwat , Khantachawana Anak , Phukaoluan A.
Published: August 2013

Background: Copper-nickel-titanium (NiTiCu) archwire has been favoured in clinical orthodontic practice because of its superior superelasticity (SE) and shape memory effect (SME) properties. Objective: To compare the loading and unloading behavior of commercial NiTiCu orthodontic archwire and locally made NiTiCu orthodontic archwire based on composition and mechanical properties especially in relation to percentage recovery, stress plateau, stress hysteresis, and loading and unloading slope. Materials and Methods: The materials used were divided into two categories: the NiTiCu (40°C) commercial Ormco brand (USA) archwires and the locally made NiTiCu archwires produced at King Mongkut University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT). The samples were examined using an Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) to test their chemical composition. For loading and unloading behavior the Universal Testing Machine (Instron) was used for the three-point bending test. The Mann-Whitney U test was employed to analyze and compare the data. Results: Chemical composition, there were significant differences in at.% of Ni, Ti, and Cr composition between commercial and locally made archwire. There was no significant difference in at.% in Cu. In terms of percentage recovery, there was a significant decrease in locally made archwire. For stress plateau and stress hysteresis, there were also significant increases in Thai-made archwire when compared with commercial archwires. In addition NiTiCu (Ormco) showed significantly less inclination than locally made NiTiCu archwire in both loading and unloading slopes. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the mechanical properties of the locally made archwires were not as suitable as the commercial archwires. This preliminary study provides useful information for the further development of locally made NiTiCu archwires. Therefore, the use of the NiTiCu should be considered on a case by case basis. This experiment was useful in comparing locally made NiTiCu wire and commercial orthodontic wire.
Controlled Release of Resveratrol and Lignan by Matrix Tableting
Authors: Kumpugdee-Vollrath Mont , Helmis Mario
Published: August 2013

The aim of this research work was to develop the controlled release of two model drugs i.e. water insoluble drug - resveratrol and water soluble drug - lignan by matrix tableting with an eccentric tablet machine. For this purpose different kinds of polymers i.e. Metolose 90 SH-4000® (HMPC), Fetocel RT-N-100® (EC) and Eudragit RLPO® (polymethacrylate) were used. The matrix tablets containing 2 %wt of a model drug which were mixed with 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 %wt of the polymers mentioned above. In addition, a glidant composed of 1 %wt talc and 1 %wt magnesium stearate as well as a filler Ludipress® were processed. Different physical properties of the powder mixtures (e.g. flowability) and of the tablets (e.g. hardness, uniformity of mass or drug content, drug release, etc.) were determined. Most of the tablets met the physical requirements. If the polymer content got higher the release was slower, which can be confirmed by the lower values of k. The release kinetics were described by three typical mathematic models i.e. biphasic, Noyes-Whitney and KorsmeyerPeppas. The best fitting results were ordered as follows: biphasic > Noyes-Witney > KorsmeyerPeppas.
First-Principle Study of Electronic Structure and Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity of Anatase TiO2 through C and F Codoping
Authors: Li Zong Bao , Wang Xia
Published: August 2013

The large intrinsic band gap in TiO2 has hindered severely its potential application for visible-light irradiation, while anion doping has led to decreases in visible-light photocatalytic activity in spite of narrowing the host band gap. In this study, we have used cation-passivated codoping of (C, F), (C, 2F) and (2C, F) to modify the band edges of anatase TiO2 to extend absorption to longer visible-light wavelegenths using the density functional theory based on GGA + U method. The results indicate that the codoping of C/F=1/1 cases have much more efficient and stable photocatalyst than pristine one and the others, which narrow the band gaps and realize the visible-light response activities.
Validation of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Mechanical Behavior Models for Conditions of Impact Damage of Turbine Engine Fan Blade
Authors: Nikhamkin M.Sh. , Voronov Leonid , Semenova Irina , Lubchik Olga
Published: August 2013

The article describes a series of experiments and calculations for verification high-speed deformation behavior and fracture models for the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. Samples made of the micro-and nanocrystalline structure alloy Ti-6Al-4V were ballistically damaged in conditions that meet a ballistic damage of real turbine engine fan blades. It is found that the behavior of the microcrystalline alloy is more accurately described by the Johnson-Cook model. In the case of nanocrystalline material the best fit is achieved by using the Cooper-Symonds model. The achieved models parameters are presented.
Developing a Strength Analytical Method of a Thin-Walled Steel SHS Beam by Combine Theory of Plastic Mechanisms and Non-Linear Elastic
Authors: Kadir Andi M. , Priadi Dedi , Siradj Eddy S. , Setiyono Harkali
Published: August 2013

The research objective is focused in developing a strength analytical method of a thin-walled steel square pipe (Square Hollow Section/SHS) affected by the interaction of concentrated-compressive load and bending moment. This strength analytical method is based on two different approaches, namely plastic mechanisms and elastic theories. This is called the method of cut-off strength. In this research, it has also been carried out to test the strength of the investigated beam under the interaction of concentrated-compressive load and bending moment. In order to essess the accuracy of the analytical method developed, estimate data of this method is also verified by comparing it to the actual one measured from experiments. The verification indicated that the estimated data, on average, deviates from the experimental one by 5 %.
Glyphosate Wastewater Treatment by Combined Precipitation and Advanced Oxidation Processes
Authors: Liu Yuan , Hua Jun Feng , Zhang Min Dong , Huang Mei
Published: August 2013

Phosphorus is one of the main pollutants in glyphosate wastewater. In order to remove the phosphorus in the effluent, two units including CaO precipitation and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were used to degrade inorganic phosphate and organic phosphorus in the wastewater. It is found that in the precipitation process the removal rate of TP is 79% when 1g CaO is added to 100ml glyphosate wastewater, while the removal rate of TP is almost 99% when advanced oxidation processes are implemented after the second disposal unit.
Genes Expression of Key Enzymes in Phenylpropanes Metabolism Pathway in Cucumber with RT-PCR
Authors: Qiao Yu , Meng Xue Jiao , Jin Xiao Xia , Ding Guo Hua
Published: August 2013

Phenylpropanoid metabolism is an important secondary metabolism pathway in plants. Lignin, as a secondary metabolite was produced by secondary metabolism pathway, plays important roles on disease resistance in plants. PAL, C4H, and CHS are key enzymes involved in the secondary metabolism pathway and critical on disease resistance. We hypothesize that the expression of key enzymes of secondary metabolism pathway will be affected by abnormal environmental conditions; therefore provide the resistance to severe environment for plant. In this study, we analysed the gene expressions of PAL, C4H, and CHS under higher temperature and infection of germ (Pseudoperonosporacubensis) in Cucumber JingChun No.4, which is highly resistant to downy mildew. The gene expressions were quantified by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Our results showed that the expression of C4H was consistently higher and not affected by germ inoculation. However, the expressions of PAL and CHS were increased at 2 h and 25 h, respectively, after inoculating with germs. Interestingly, we found that the expressions of all these three genes were decreased with treatment of higher temperature. Our results demonstrated that PAL, C4H and CSH are important in secondary metabolism and affect the potential resistant ability of plant to various severe growing environments.
Development Prospect of Rotary Hearth Furnace Process in China
Authors: Zhang Ying Yi , Qi Yuan Hong , Zou Zong Shu , Li Yun Gang
Published: August 2013

Summarized the development situation of rotary hearth furnace (RHF) direct reduction technology, ore resource allocation situation and direct reduction iron demand. The survey results show that: China's iron ore resource allocation heavily rely on imported iron ore, gas-based direct reduction process (MIDREX, HYL-III, FINMET) is not likely to be the mainly direct reduced iron (DRI) process in China. However, non coking coal resources is very rich in China, research and development of coal-based direct reduction process (such as FASTMET and ITMK3 process) has important practical significance, it can strengthen the comprehensive utilization on low grade iron ore, associated mineral resources and iron & steel plant dust and sludge. It has great significance to alleviate steel scrap demand and stable development of the iron and steel industry and protect the national economic security in China.
Effect of Tube Size on Flow Pattern of Air-Water Two-Phase Flow in Horizontal Tubes
Authors: Liu Xue Min , Li Zhou Hang , Wu Yu Xin , Lu Jun Fu
Published: August 2013

Aiming at the diameter range of boiler water wall tubes in practical engineering application, the air-water two phase flow pattern in horizontal tube was experimentally investigated in tubes with different inner diameters of 20mm and 8 mm under atmosphere condition. The stratified flow, wave flow, plug flow, slug flow, annular flow, bubbly flow and mist flow were observed in the tubes. Most of the experimental points agree well with the Baker flow pattern map when they appear in the map. With the experimental results, the range lines between the flow patterns were suggested for the tube of 20mm in inner diameter as well as 8mm. As the water superficial velocity increases, the annular flow transforms into mist flow at a decreasing air superficial velocity. The two phase flow patterns transition line is similar in tendency for different tubes. The slug flow transforms into annular flow at an increasing air superficial velocity as tube diameter decreases. The stratified flow transforms into slug flow at an increasing water superficial velocity as tube diameter decreases. The transition line between plug flow and slug flow is independent of tube diameter.
Nano Composite Membranes of Poly(ether sulfone)s Containing Multi-Sulfonated Hexaphenylbenzene and SiO2 for PEMFC
Authors: Lim Young Don , Jang Hoh Youn , Jeon Young Tae , Jo Young Gil , Lee Sang Young , Joo Hyun Ho , Jeong In Seok , Ahn Min Yeong , Kim Whan Gi
Published: August 2013

Poly (ether sulfone) membranes (PHP) were prepared with 25 mol% of 1,2-bis (4-hydroxybenzene)-3,4,5,6-tetraphenylbenzene (BHPTPB). BHPTPB has a conjugated propeller-like nonplanar conformation structure containing the peripheral seven aromatic rings which facilitate the formation of π-π interactions. A series of sulfonated poly (ethersulfone) s (SHP 25) was synthesized with concentrated sulfuric acid. The sulfonation took place selectively on the multiphenyl unit, and simultaneously on the side-chain phenyl groups. Composite membranes were prepared with copolymers and SiO2 nanoparticles (20 nm, 4~10%wt). The composite membranes were cast from DMSO. A series of composite membranes structures and characteristic were evaluated by the 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and thermal stabilities. The membranes were performed by ion exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake and proton conductivity.
Fabrication and Characterization of Porous Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds by Doping TiO2
Authors: Monmaturapoj Naruporn , Thepsuwan Witoon
Published: August 2013

This study aims to improve the strength of porous BCP samples by the addition of titanium dioxide (TiO2), the well known biocompatible and strong ceramic. BCP powder with HA/TCP ratio of 70/30 (BCP7030) obtained by mixing a pure HA and β-TCP powder. TiO2 powder with 2 (BCP_2Ti), 5 (BCP_5Ti) and 10 (BCP_10Ti) %wt were added into the BCP7030 powder, then ball milled in ethanol for 6 hrs. The porous samples were fabricated by the combination of the gel-casting and freeze drying techniques. All samples were sintered at 1100°C for 2 hrs. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to determine crystal structures and morphology of the sintered samples, respectively. Mechanical properties and porosity of samples were measured by using the universal testing machine and Archimedess principle, respectively. XRD results showed that the phases of the undoped sample can be indexed HA and β-TCP with the ratio of 70/30 as the major phases. In BCP_2Ti, CaTiO3 was observed as a minor phase among the crystallization of HA and β-TCP with the proportion of 30:70. Meanwhile, in BCP_5Ti and BCP_10Ti, XRD patterns revealed a completely transformation of HA to β-TCP with minor phases of CaTiO3 and TiO2.
The microstructure of sintered samples present highly porous structure which consisted of two-dimensional pore channels along the long axis and the short axis, which replicates the ice and pore orientation in the direction of freezing. Relatively, the porosity of the samples was increased with the amount of TiO2. Surprisingly, an additions of the TiO2 was not rather improved the mechanical strength of porous BCP7030 in this study. This might be a result of a high percentage of porosity (84%).
Reversible Self-Assembling of Comb-Like Functionalized Dextran Surfactant Polymers as an SPR-Sensing Surfaces
Authors: Sansatsadeekul Jitlada , Mai-Ngam Katanchalee
Published: August 2013

Novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing surfaces were developed from the perspective of reversible self-assembling of the mixed dextran surfactant polymers onto SPR gold chips. Two comb-like dextran surfactant polymers, which are different in their dextran molecular weight (MW) distribution and the presence of amine functional groups, and their characterization were synthesized. These structurally well-defined surfactant polymers include a bimodal amine dextran surfactant polymer and a monomodal dextran surfactant polymer. The bimodal one consists of poly (vinyl amine) (PVAm) backbone with amine functionalized high MW dextran, non-functionalized low MW dextran and hydrophobic hexyl pendant groups. Allyl high MW dextran aldonic acid and low MW dextran aldonic acid chains with various ratios were sequentially attached to PVAm. The unreacted amine groups on the backbone were further grafted with hexanoic acid and the allyl groups on the high MW dextran were finally converted to amine. The monomodal surfactant polymer, PVAm with non-functionalized low MW dextran and hexyl branches, was synthesized and characterized using similar procedures, except with the absence of allyl high MW dextran aldonic acid and the amine functionalization. The molecular compositions of the surfactant polymers were determined by FTIR and 1H-NMR. Surface active properties at the air-water interface were determined using tensiometer. Reduction in water contact angles was observed on the surfactant treated surfaces. Reversible self-assembling of the synthesized surfactant polymers on SPR gold chip surface was monitored using SPR analysis. Reproducibility of the mixed surfactant assembling process was preliminarily confirmed by a consistent increase in reflectivity change, while no detectable changes in the reflectivity under a 1-h buffer flow indicated stability of the absorbed surfactant layer. Moreover, a simple, quick flow of a basis regeneration solution completely removed the adsorbed surfactant from the surface. Our preliminary investigation also exhibited that the regenerated SPR gold chip was effectively reusable.
Electrochemically Preparation of Functionalized Graphene Using Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate (SDBS)
Authors: Joo Eun Hye , Kuila Tapas , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee , Kim Seon A. , Park Eu Gene , Lee Un Hyeung
Published: August 2013

Preparation of functionalized graphene by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite rod using sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) is reported. SDBS solution has been used as the electrolyte as well as functional groups. SDBD is an anionic surfactant which helps to provide uniform dispersion in water and prevents the π-π π-π stacking as well. XRD result indicates the formation of graphene whereas; the functionalization of graphene was confirmed through the FT-IR spectrum, which shows presence of peaks corresponding to SO3-. UV-vis spectroscopy demonstrates the dispersibility of SDBS-functionalized graphene, and peaks of SDBS and graphene appeared at 225 nm and 260nm, respectively. Raman spectroscopy show ID/IGIDIG ratio is < 1. It means that defects of SDBS-functionalized graphene are reduced.
Scratch Resistance and Adhesion Properties of PEEK Coating Filled with h-BN Nanoparticles
Authors: Tharajak Jirasak , Palathai Tippaban , Sombatsompop Narongrit
Published: August 2013

Effects of h-BN particles on mechanical properties and adhesion of semi-crystalline poly (ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) coatings were studied. PEEK powder was mixed with various contents of h-BN nanoparticle in ethanol under ultrasonic mixing. As-mixed powders were sprayed onto low carbon steel substrate with thermal spray technique. The hardness, scratch hardness, specific scratch wear rate, prevailing deformation mechanisms and adhesion were obtained from scratch tests by varying the applied load. The damage geometry on scratched polymer surfaces and scratch wear volume loss were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and surface profilometer, respectively. The results indicated that the addition of h-BN content improved the hardness of the composite. In addition, the specific scratch wear rate and the adhesion between PEEK coatings and substrate decreased with increasing h-BN content. The poor adhesion resulted from the reductions of flow-ability and viscosity between PEEK and substrate caused by heat dissipation from the h-BN particles.
Structural and Thermoelectric Properties of Zn-Doped Cuprous Aluminate Delafossite
Authors: Wongcharoen Ngamnit , Gaewdang Thitinai , Wongcharoen Tiparatana
Published: August 2013

The polycrystalline Zn-doped CuAlO2 ceramics were obtained by solid state reaction method. The mixture of high purity grade of CuO, Al2O3 and Zn (CH3COO)22H2O powders was ground and then pressed by using uniaxial pressure. The obtained pellet was sintered in air at 1,150 °C for 24 h. XRD patterns showed the crystal structure of the as-sintered CuAl1-xZnxO2 (0x0.05) belonging to rhombohedral, space groupalong with the CuO and CuAl2O4 phases. From SEM micrographs, the grain size slightly decreases when the amount of Zn in CuAl1-xZnxO2 samples increases. Hall mobility and hole concentration of the as-sintered samples were obtained from Hall effect measurements in van der Pauw configuration at room temperature. The electrical resistivity measurements as a function of temperature were performed. The variation of Seebeck coefficient and power factor as a function of temperature was also investigated. In the present study, the Zn-doped CuAlO2 ceramics probably have advantages for use in high temperature thermoelectric devices.
Cellulose Nanofiber Reinforced Ecofriendly Green PMMA Nanocomposites
Authors: Sain Sunanda , Sengupta Shubhalakshmi , Ray Dipa , Kar Abhirupa , Mukhopadhyay Aniruddha
Published: August 2013

Recently, the polymeric composites from renewable resources have attracted great interest. The trend to develop novel eco-friendly green materials from various renewable resources leads to the full or partial replacement of synthetic materials towards a sustainable world also. With a high modulus of elasticity, low density, low production cost and energy consumption, easy processability, renewable nature and recyclability, cellulose nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention as reinforcing filler in polymer matrix composites for exploring new applications. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/cellulose nanocomposite films were prepared by in-situ polymerization with 10 weight% loading of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and chemically modified cellulose nanofibers with maleic anhydride (M1CNF) and MMA (M2CNF) respectively to increase their interfacial compatibility with PMMA. The presence of the nanofiller increased the thermal stability of the nanocomposites, as measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and their glass transition temperature, measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), as well as their average molecular weight measured by viscometric method. Mechanical test results showed that surface treatment of cellulose nanofibers significantly improved the tensile properties of PMMA nanocomposites. Biodegradation study was performed with soil burial method to analyze the effect of cellulose nanofibers on biodegradation.
Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Silicon Carbide Filled Polypropylene Composites with PP-g-MA as Compatibilizer
Authors: Rattanapan Apaipan , Tuampoemsab Surakit , Dangtungee Rapeephun
Published: August 2013

In the present study, the series of PP/SiC composites, containing 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 wt% of waste SiC particles from abrasive industry, were prepared in order to obtain composites with superior mechanical properties. PP/SiC composites with appropriate amount of SiC were used in order to study the effect of polypropylene-grafted-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) as a compatibilizer. PP-g-MA loadings of 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 wt% were filled composites material by using a two roll mill, extruder and shaped in a hydraulic compression molding machine. Mechanical
The Influence of Aluminium Dross on Cement Paste's Porosity
Authors: Inseemeesak Benjaporn , Rodchanarowan Aphichart
Published: August 2013

In this study aluminium dross, an industrial waste product from the aluminum casting industry which contains mostly aluminum, aluminium oxide, and volatile gases such as ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4) and hydrogen (H2). In this study it is used as an admixture in cement paste to observe its effects on the porosity and bulk density of the material. The parameters used in the study include; the effects when different quantities of aluminium dross are added to portland cement (portland cement:aluminium dross by weight; 1: 0.05, 1: 0.10, and 1: 0.20) and the effect of different sized particles of aluminium dross (average diameter of aluminium dross particles; <45, 60, and 90 μm) on porosity and bulk density of cement paste. According to the study, as the amount of aluminium dross content in cement paste increases, the area fraction of porosity in the cement paste increases; yet the bulk density of cement paste decreases. In addition, when the particle size of aluminium dross decreases both of the pores size in the cement paste and bulk density of cement paste decrease.
Mechanical and Fractographic Studies of Surface-Treated Fly Ash Reinforced Polyester Composites
Authors: Zahi S.
Published: August 2013

In this study, the surface-treated fly ash particles, ranging from 0 to 50 percent of weight were used as fillers added to the unsaturated polyester (UP). The fly ash (FA) particles were characterized using Mastersizer 2000 particle size analyzer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that the effective reinforcing particles had a mean diameter of 60 μm and were both the glass and crystalline phases of the solid FA. The mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated by conducting the hardness and tensile tests. The Charpy impact test was used to determine the amount of energy absorbed during break, and the fractography was observed by SEM. The micro-hardness was found to increase with the increasing amounts of FA particles. The 20-40 wt.% of the particles showed the best results of both impact strength and Modulus of elasticity . Also, high strength was obtained indicating that the FA can be a good filler to improve the mechanical properties of the UP matrix. The fractographic studies of the chosen compositions confirmed that the particles had strongly bonded with the UP matrix.
Influence of Aromatic Content in Rubber Processing Oils on Viscoelastic Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Styrene-Butadiene-Rubber (SBR) for Tyre Tread Applications
Authors: Chokanandsombat Yotwadee , Sea-Oui Pongdhorn , Sirisinha Chakrit
Published: August 2013

In recent years, the increasing concern on the toxicity of highly aromatic oils has been incentive to the development of rubber process oils (RPOs) which are more environmentally-friendly. Many alternative eco-friendly RPOs have been tested with the aims of selecting the most suitable replacement for these highly aromatic oils. As a consequence, in order to achieve both environmental friendliness and effective rubber compounding, the aromatic content in RPOs must be optimised. In the present study, the experiments have been carried out to investigate the effects of aromatic and polycyclic aromatic compounds (PCAs) contents in RPOs on processability and mechanical properties of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds and vulcanisates. Results obtained suggest that the presence of RPOs leads to a decreased compound viscosity, and thus an enhanced processability. By incorporating the RPOs into SBR compounds, some mechanical properties including elongation at break and tear strength of cured SBR can be improved, particularly for the RPOs with high aromatic content. It is believed to be attributed to the increased compatibility between RPOs and SBR matrix. Nevertheless, the aromatic and PCA contents play little or insignificant role on the crosslink density and bulk viscosity of rubber compounds as well as hardness and compression set of vulcanisates.
Corn Cob Filled Chitosan Biocomposite Films
Authors: Yeng Chan Ming , Salmah Husseinsyah , Sam Sung Ting
Published: August 2013

Recently, there has been renews interest in chitosan as materials in producing of biocomposite films. The chitosan (CS)/corn cob (CC) biocomposite films were prepared by solvent casting method. The effect of CC content on tensile properties of CS/CC biocomposite films was studied. The tensile strength and elongation at break of CS/CC biocomposite films decreased as increasing of CC content. However, the increasing of CC content was increased the tensile modulus of CS/CC biocomposite films. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was indicated that the deceasing of tensile properties was due to the poor interfacial adhesion between CC filler and CS matrix.
Multi-Functional Properties of Wool Fibre Composites
Authors: Kim Nam Kyeun , Bhattacharyya Debes , Lin Richard
Published: August 2013

Composites sheets based on short wool fibres and polypropylene were fabricated by extrusion process. A three-factor two-level experimental design using Taguchi method was applied in manufacturing the composites to explore the contribution of each parameter on mechanical properties. Fire retardant behaviour of the composites with different fibre weight ratios was investigated by horizontal burning test and cone calorimetric analysis without the addition of any fire retardant agent. Reduction of burning rate with increase in the wool fibre content was observed and suitable formulation of the composites was selected for evaluation of mechanical properties.
Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induce into Chondrocytes in 3D Cultured System
Authors: Yu Li , Liu Jing , Xu Chao , Luo Er Mei , Tang Ming Qiao
Published: August 2013

Objective: To investigate a better method of inducing hUC-MSCs into chondrocytes in different culture system in vitro. Method: hUC-MSCs were isolated and cultured by tissue block culture, and the cells surface antigens were identified by flow cytometry, hUC-MSCs were cultured with chondrogenic media and stained with Alcian Blue. The production of matrix was estimated from the determination of hydroxyproline content and Alcian Blue method. Expressions of glycosaminoglycan (GAG), type II collagen and Sox-9 were assayed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results: The cultured hUC-MSCs phenotype was CD105+/CD29+/CD44+/ CD31-/CD34-/ CD40-/CD45-/HLA-DR-. hUC-MSCs weakly expressed chondrocyte marker, which strongly expressed GAG and type II collagen after chondrogenic induction, and the cells were incubated in pellet culture with higher expression. Real-time PCR results demonstrated that chondrogenic induction cells were expressed GAG, type II collagen and Sox-9, and the cells were incubated in pellet culture with higher expression. Conclusion: hUC-MSCs incubated in pellet culture is more conducive to differentiate into chondrocytes than those cultured in monolayer culture system.
Effects of Shaking Frequency on Growth and Adhesion Behaviour of Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Zhang Da Feng , Lou Wei Wei , Dong Yi Wen , Liu Jin Song
Published: August 2013

Objective: To study the adhesion of streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) to two dental restorative materials and the growth of S. mutans in shaking culture with different frequencies. Methods: The specimen made of acrylic resin and Co-Cr alloy were put into culture medium with S. mutans and incubated respectively in shaking condition with different frequencies for 24h. The amount of S. mutans on the surface of specimen and in the culture media was determined by the clone forming unit (CFU) counting method. Results: When the frequency exceeded 60 rpm in acrylic resin groups and 30 rpm in Co-Cr alloy groups , the adhesive microbial amount declined with the increasing of shaking frequency . When the frequency was between 0¡«90rpm, the amount of in the culture media ascended with the increasing of shaking frequency , but decreased when the frequency increased beyond 90 rpm . Conclusion: When the frequency exceeded a certain level, the adhesion of S. mutans on the surface of two dental materials and the number of bacteria in the culture negatively correlated with the frequency, which implies that oral functional movements may lead to reduced microbes on the surface of dental restorative materials.
Design on Monitoring Watch for Arrhythmia
Authors: Sun Wan Ping , Zhang Yu Ying , Wang Ming Di
Published: August 2013

The widely crowd occurred arrhythmia. Studies have shown that more than 90% patients who suffer from sudden cardiac death has arrhythmia. Therefore, the real-time monitoring of arrhythmia is of great value for cardiovascular disease prevention, treatment and prognosis. Arrhythmia is now usually detected by electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, Holter monitor, etc. Such equipments are relatively expensive, and equipment operation and result analysis need to do by professional medical personnel of medical institutions. These equipments are not suitable for household use and long-term real-time monitoring. Therefore, a portable monitoring watch for arrhythmia with real-time dynamic monitoring is designed in this paper. Not only can the watch detect the occurrence of asymptomatic arrhythmia and the time point of arrhythmia, but also can analysis and diagnosed the kind of arrhythmia. So it has important application value for arrhythmia prevention and treatment.
Investigation of Microwave Irradiation in Synthesis of Pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitriles via a Multi-Component Reaction
Authors: Fang Zheng , Zhang Feng , Zou Bao Hua , He Wei , Zhong Hui , Ji Dong , Guo Kai
Published: August 2013

Microwave irradiation was employed to synthesise pyridine-3,5-dicarbontriles via a multicomponent reaction. It was discovered that MWI could accelerate the MCR dramatically, either with active aldehydes in ethanol or sterically hindered aldehydes in acetonitrile. MWI showed more dramatically effect upon the MCR using active aldehydes in ethanol, since ethanol was a good MWI solvent. Acetonitrile, which was a poor MWI solvent, was found to be more efficient than ethanol in either MWI system or conventional heating system with sterically hindered aldehydes as building blocks.
Analysis of Structural Parameter and Design of Elbow Joint Rehabilitation Parallel Robot
Authors: Cui Bing Yan , Jin Zhen Lin
Published: August 2013

Elbow joint is one of the body's important joints, most of the activities of the human body are inseparable from the elbow joint, and including taking and holding movements.In order to increase the workspace of elbow joint, a novel elbow joint rehabilitation parallel robot based on 2-DOF orthogonal spherical parallel mechanism is proposed. First, the position inverse solution equation of elbow joint is established. Further, the workspace of elbow joint is analyzed. The optimal structural parameters are obtained by use of the objective function of optimization method. Finally, the virtual prototype of elbow joint rehabilitation parallel robot is designed using optimal structural dimensions parameters.
Identification of DMSA-Coated Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Induced-Apoptosis Response Genes in Human Monocytes by cDNA Microarrays
Authors: Liu Ying Xun , Huang Jian Yuan , Wang Dong Liang , Wang Jin Ke
Published: August 2013

This study investigated the cell apoptosis and gene expression profiles of human THP-1 monocytes in order to identify the molecular mechanism of cell apoptosis induced by meso-2,-3-dimercaptosuccinnic acid-coated Fe3O4magnetic nanoparticles. Cell apoptosis was visualized with flow cytometry after treated by 50 and 100 μg/ml Fe3O4nanoparticles, and the gene expression profiles were detected with Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 GeneChips® microarrays. The transmission electron microscopy obserbation revealed that THP-1 cells were effectively labeled by the Fe3O4nanoparticles. The internalized Fe3O4nanoparticles increased cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, but not decreased cell viability significantly. The cDNA microarray results showed that hundreds of genes were significantly regulated at the concentration of 50 and 100 μg/ml, and the level of these genes exhibited a dose response, includingCD14,CD86,CFLAR,IL-1,NFKBIA,NLRC4,NAIPandAIP3. The Fe3O4nanoparticles treatments resulted in significantly altered in Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and Cell apoptosis signaling pathway. Gene ontology analysis of these differentially expressed genes demonstrated that mainly up-regulated genes were related to cytokine production and cell apoptosis. These results showed that the Fe3O4nanoparticles induced THP-1 cells apoptosis and the level of lots of genes involved in extrinsic apoptosis pathway differentially expressed, which further revealed demonstrated the relation between Fe3O4MNPs treatment and cell apoptosis.
Effect of Sintering Process Parameters on the Properties of 3Y-PSZ Ceramics
Authors: Chu Husieh Liang , Wang Cheng Li , Lee Huey Er , Sie Yu You , Chen Rong Sheng , Hwang Weng Sing , Wang Moo Chin , Huang Hong Hsin
Published: August 2013

The effect of sintering process parameters on the properties of 3 mol% yttria partially stability zirconia (3Y-PSZ) ceramics has been investigated. The relative density of the sintered pellet rapidly increases from 70.5 to 93.6 % with rose temperature from 1473 to 1573 K. In addition, the relative density only slightly increases from 94.9 to 96.6 %, when rose sintered temperature from 1573 to 1773 K. This result shows that no significant influence on the densification behavior when sintering at 1573 to 1773 K for 2 h. The Vickers hardness and toughness also increase with the sintered temperature.
Using Polysulfone Hollow-Fiber Member to Separate H2 from Petrochemical Process Tail Gas
Authors: Hsu Ching Kuei , Lee Chien Li , Jou Chih Ju G.
Published: August 2013

The rate of gas diffusion is inversely proportional to the gas molecule diameter; hydrogen gas molecular has smaller diameter and thus it has a greater diffusion coefficient than methane. Results of laboratory studies shown that when a gas mixture consisting of H2/CH4 = 30:70 is treated in a Hollow-fiber member under 5 kg/cm2, the hydrogen concentration is raised from 30 mol% to 71 mol%. If the Hollow-fiber member is re-arranged in series connection without controlling the operating pressure (free permeation), the recovered hydrogen concentration can be as high as 88 mol%. Additionally, using H2/CH4 = 50:50 as the influent gas mixture and controlling the influent pressure at 5 kg/cm2, the resulting hydrogen concentration can be raised from 50 mol% to 92 mol%, if the Hollow-fiber member is re-arranged in series connection without controlling the permeating pressure (free permeation), the recovered hydrogen concentration can reach 94 mol%. Therefore, Hollow-fiber member can be implemented to recover hydrogen gas from the hydrogen-rich petrochemical process tail gas at low pressure; the recovered hydrogen can be further utilized with higher add-on value. This hydrogen-recovery method has the advantage of low capital cost, simple to operate and small energy consumption.