bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Design of Electric Hydraulic Lifting Device Supported by Mechanical Structure
Authors: Ren Xiao Li , Shang Xue Mei , Fan Chen , Du Yan Ting
Published: August 2014

In hydraulic transmission, Hydraulic pressure can not support heavy objects long time. For the shortcoming, an electro-hydraulic lifting device is designed with mechanical structural supporting; Electric motor is the motive power. The weight is lifted by hydraulic transmission technology; the base of the device is set up a lifting rigid leg and pushing forward Casters .After hydraulic system lifting heavy objects, the lifting devices rely on the support tube, mechanical positioning tube and rigid supporting legs to lock the lifting position. In order to ensure the same high of support on different positions, a vertical fine adjustment mechanism is set. The design solves the problem that hydraulic transmission cannot lift long time. The lifting device is safe operation, easy moved, accuracy positioning, and stable support, energy-saving and environmental protection.
Research of Non-Contact Stiffness Measurement Technology
Authors: Liu Wen Xuan , Wang Hui Feng , Wang Guang Lin , Shao Dong Xiang
Published: August 2014

This article describes the elastic element of the servo valve, elaborates the definition of the stiffness of elastic element, analyzes the characteristics of existing rigidity measurement system, points out the limitations of the existing rigidity measurement system when it measures the large-stiffiness elastic element, utilizes a new measuring principle based on the existing stiffness test systems, uses the more accurate laser displacement measurement method to overcome the weaknesses of the existing stiffness test system, improves the measurement accuracy, makes stiffness measurements more accurate and promotes the stiffness measurement technology of the servo valve elastic element.
Structure Design of Biaxial Rotary Milling Head with High-Torque, High-Precision and Mechanical Spindle
Authors: Chen En Ping , Li Shao Hui , Wu Feng He , Jiang Chong Min
Published: August 2014

As a key component of heavy five-axis linkage CNC machine tools, the existing mechanical biaxial rotary milling heads are usually driven by worm gear, timing belt, or multi-stage gears. Worm gear is inefficiency to transmit motion, hard to maintain the accuracy and difficult to eliminate all clearance; Timing belt can be seriously worn and cannot maintain good accuracy; and multi-stage gears transmission has defects such as long chain, low transmission stiffness. This paper aims at designing a biaxial rotary milling head with large output torque of 3000Nm, high precision and high rigidity. So a new design for biaxial rotary milling head with mechanical spindle, gear transmission and swinging fork structure is proposed. An integral supporting axis is applied to increase the rigidity of A-axis; through the closed numerical loop control based on precise encoder and the decoupling technology of feed motion of A/C axis, the contradiction between large reduction ratio and high precision transmission is solved, and then the requirement of high positioning accuracy (10") is met. Theoretical calculation and simulated analysis shown, the new design not only can guarantee transmission accuracy and dynamic characteristics of biaxial rotary milling head, but also can improve its structural stiffness and meet the high demands of large torque, high precision and high rigidity.
Oil Temperature Control System PID Controller Algorithm Analysis Research on Sliding Gear Reducer
Authors: Wang Yong Mei , Wang Xi Gui
Published: August 2014

With the development of computer technology, communication technology, electronic technology and automatic control technology, computer control technology widespread application, has been widely used in iron and steel, petroleum, chemical, electric power, building materials, machinery manufacturing, automotive, textile, transportation and other industries. Controlled by computer, we can realize the control of high reliability, process visualization, remote monitoring, data storage and processing. The simulation of PID control algorithm, and focuses on the study and analysis of the digital PID control algorithm, the marine gear lube oil temperature control system model, the three parameters of digital PID: proportional coefficient, integral constant, differential constant on the control system performance was also analyzed.
Marine Gear Reducer Design Device of Lubricating Oil Temperature Control System
Authors: Wang Yong Mei , Wang Xi Gui
Published: August 2014

Signal of PLC controller by PID operation after the output of numerical simulation between 0~1, and solid state relay can receive only signal, digital or switched on or off. Only connected the two, temperature control system can be realized. The experimental approach is to learn from PWM pulse width modulation technology, the numerical analog PID controller output into the heating time in a cycle, namely, solid state relay on time. By this method, the indirect control heating rod of equivalent power, the power output of the heating rod according to the control signal of controller output, so as to realize marine gear oil temperature PID regulation. This paper designs the control system used in the experiment. The temperature control experiment system; design of the electrical schematic diagram of the temperature control system, including two parts electrical schematic diagram of control circuit and main circuit of temperature control system design process. At the same time, the experimental scheme is designed. Analysis of the mechanism of temperature balance control object, and focus on the temperature within the experimental results are analyzed.
A Strategy for On-Line Monitoring the Crosslinking Degree of 3D Printing Hydrogel Fiber Based on Dual-Threshold Enhancement Method
Authors: Li Yu , Bian Ping Yan
Published: August 2014

The optical detection of the crosslinking degree is very important to the forming quality’s on-line control of the hydrogel fibers and tissue engineering scaffolds in 3D printing process at room temperature. For the feature of small scale object, low contrast ratio and unclear outline of the crosslinked area, we processed the crosslinking image with the dual-threshold enhancement method. Firstly, the color image is decomposed into three two–dimensional RGB signals. Secondly, the RGB signals are processed through wavelet transform respectively, and those wavelet coefficients are amplified or reduced with dual-threshold method for the purpose of enhancement and denoising. Then, the new RGB signals are reconstructed by those wavelet coefficients. At last, the new RGB signals are regrouped to get enhanced crosslinking image. Experimental results show that, after processed with this method, the image has a strong sense of color gradation, the details of image are outstanding, and the distinction of the crosslinked zone of the hydrogel fiber is obvious. Moreover, measurement precision of crosslinking degree is improved by 4.58%. This is helpful to improve the performance of the real-time control of crosslinking process.
Clonal Selection Algorithm Based Optimization of Heating Channels for Variotherm Injection Mold
Authors: Gong Ning Ning , Li Xi Ping , Yang Can
Published: August 2014

Integration of approximate model and clonal selection algorithm (CSA) is considered as an effective way to solve complicated optimization design problems in engineering field. The principles of approximate model and of clonal selection algorithm were presented in this paper. A variotherm temperature injection mold used to produce a large-size liquid crystal display (LCD) TV panel was demonstrated and an approximate model for optimizing the layout of heating channels of the mold was established. The clonal selection algorithm program was coded according to its principle in order to solve the established approximate model. The layout of the heating channels was optimized and the optimal solutions were obtained. Finite element simulation and industrial injection production indicated that the integration of the approximate model and clone selection algorithm used in this paper to optimize the layout of the heating channels for the injection mold was very effective.
Modeling and Error Analysis of Hydrodynamic Experimental Apparatus
Authors: Wang Yang Wei , Yu Kai , Tan Jin Bo
Published: August 2014

A hydrodynamic experiment apparatus is constructed to accomplish the measurement of hydrodynamic force on three-dimensional. This paper firstly introduces the mechanical structure of the novel hydrodynamic experiment apparatus. Then, it introduces the mathematical modeling of the hydrodynamic experiment apparatus which is based on the relationship between measurement data and the force on experiment subject. Finally, the error source of the mechanical structure and load cells were analyzed and the error compensation model is established to improve the measurement accuracy.
Development and Experimental Study of Dynamic Characteristics for Servo Valve Torque Motor
Authors: Li Cheng Cheng , Shao Dong Xiang , Wang Guang Lin
Published: August 2014

Torque motor is the electrical - mechanical converter of servo valve, is the bridge connecting electrical devices and hydraulic devices, is one of the key elements of electro-hydraulic servo valve. The main object of study of this paper is moving iron permanent magnet torque motor. The dynamic characteristics of torque motor are the key parameter to measure the overall performance. At present, the research of most of manufacturers emphasize on the test of integral valve servo valve. Torque motor is also designed to mimic the structure and size of foreign-based valve, lacking of system understanding for characteristics of servo valve. Early in the design, people cannot effectively control the overall performance of the torque motor products. There is large performance difference with a larger group of torque motor, producing serious waste. This paper describes the principle of dynamic characteristics test, establishes a test system of dynamic characteristics for torque motor, accurately obtain nature frequency and bandwidth of torque motor on the test bench which we have established before.
Velocity Estimation for Quadrupeds Based on Extended Kalman Filter
Authors: Li Man Tian , Wang Cong Wei , Wang Peng Fei
Published: August 2014

Measuring robots’ real-time velocity correctly is important for locomotion control. Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) is widely used for velocity measurement. Limited by the bias and random error, IMU alone often can’t meet the requirement. This paper makes use of Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to fuse kinematics and IMU, and inhibits the drift successfully. We calibrate the bias and recognize the random errors of IMU. Then the forward kinematics of legs is established and the EKF algorithm for velocity estimation is designed based on IMU and kinematics. Finally, the presented algorithm is validated in simulation and on a quadruped robot based on hydraulic driver in trotting gait.
Research on Spiral Bevel Gear NC Machining Control Method
Authors: Liu Kai , Xu Bo Liang , Li Fang , Wang Yang Wei
Published: August 2014

Based on spiral bevel gear NC manufacture principle and generating motion of the generating gear and the work gear, the NC generation of spiral bevel gear cutting is realized by means of the vector transformation. As sophisticated calculation of the transformation is hard to implement in each interpolation cycle of NC machining, the coordinated motion of NC coordinate axes is expressed as quintic parametric spline functions, which use the rotation angle of the work gear as the parameter. The constrained optimization method of three design variables is established to obtain contacting points of gear tooth surfaces, which are acquired by solving nonlinear equations sets traditionally. The condition of normal coincidence is simplified and the object function of the equal position vectors of mating gears is established. The contacting points of gear tooth surfaces can be used for tooth contact analysis. The parametric curve interpolator is combined with spiral bevel gear NC machining, and is applied to the self-developed spiral bevel gear NC milling machine to control the gear cutting. Experimental results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective in the control of NC machining for the spiral bevel gear.
Research and Development of Integrated Production Management System of Manufacturing Enterprises
Authors: Wang Huai Ming , Cai Zhi Wei , Yu Jie
Published: August 2014

With digital development of modern manufacturing enterprises, requirements for production process control, resource scheduling and cost analysis are increasing. Enterprises are therefore required to manage the information and process in order to reduce cost and production time and improve quality of products and services. Information for a enterprise concerns orders, raw materials, technology, manufacturing process and products, with huge amount of data and complex correlations among data. Accordingly, data model of integrated production management system is complicated and difficult to develop. This paper analyzes technological document, production plan, production task, production cost and process and control of business activities. Method of building a complete set of information model and process model for manufacturing enterprises is presented, which makes modeling more effective and standardized. As one common method, the model driven approach is introduced to set up the database structure and development strategy of integrated production management system, which may reduce the workload and difficulty of development. Development of a system is realized and verified in practice.
Research on Real Time Monitoring of Carbon Deposition Engine Mixed Gas Removal Process
Authors: Liu Yi Xiang , Wang Yong Mei
Published: August 2014

Mixed gas carbon removal vehicle running at idle state, sometimes the oil supply and power supply system of abnormal automatic flameout, the mixed gas carbon removal machine is still in the work of gas production, gas constant input of hydrogen to the engine, when the cylinder is filled with hydrogen after losing internal pressure gas pipeline and oxyhydrogen machine increased, easy for oxyhydrogen machine damage or accidents. In addition, when the vehicle engine is started again, because the cylinder is filled with hydrogen and oxyhydrogen gas mixture, ignition is easy to trigger detonation, causing serious damage to the engine of the car. Therefore, it is necessary to mixed gas carbon removal process real-time monitoring. This paper completes the real-time monitoring of oxyhydrogen carbon removal machine working process through the software and hardware design. The engine sound, vibration signals are extracted using the sensor, signal processing to extract the amplification, modulation for the switching signal for PLC identification. PLC switch signal from received signal extraction, the judge to eliminate interference, complete the oxyhydrogen carbon removal machine in addition to real-time control carbon process.
Structural Design of Assisted Washing-Hand Device for a One-Armed Man Using TRIZ Theory
Authors: Jiang Jin Gang , Tang Ze Xu , Li Peng Jie , Xu Wen Hua , Wang Xue Fei , Li Jian Tao , Liu Yun Feng
Published: August 2014

Aiming to the difficulty of washing-hand for a one-armed man, functional requirements of washing-hand for a one-armed man is analyzed, and TRIZ theory is described in detail. A novel conceptual assisted washing-hand device for a one-armed man is put forward in this paper. Innovative problems of the assisted washing-hand device design were solved based on contradiction conflict matrix theory and material field theory of TRIZ. The whole three-dimensional model of assisted washing-hand device is built. TRIZ theory can provide the reference basis for structural design of assisted washing-hand device for a one-armed man.
Research on Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Open Source System
Authors: Yang Guang You , Zhu Si Jian , Quan Rui , Ma Zhi Yan
Published: August 2014

As the key technologies such as wireless communication, sensor continues to mature, wireless sensor networks has become a domestic and foreign focus of research in the field of wireless networks. The main work of the thesis is to implement ZigBee wireless sensor networking, using open source protocol FreakZ On the base of existing hardware. WSN hardware node consists of 32-bit microprocessor STM32F102CB based on ARM Cortex-M3 kernel and AT86RF212 radio transceiver; the software platform uses a lightweight multi-tasking operating system Contiki and open source protocol stack called FreakZ following ZigBee protocol specification, for networking wireless networks nodes. The paper presents the system architecture of WSN networking and its hardware components, software architecture and data transmission and reception processes of the networks. Using FreakZ protocol stack under the Contiki operating system on the base of the existing hardware platform, the network nodes information and topology displayed on the HyperTerminal indicates the success of WSN networking by using FreakZ protocol.
Modeling for Global Management of Complex Product Subject Data Oriented at Big-Data
Authors: Wu Dai , Yin Guo Fu
Published: August 2014

Complex-product manufacturers are encountered with heterogeneous data structure in business information systems (BIS) and disconnection between product data management (PDM) and overall corporate demands. In this paper, we aim to overcome these defects. Targeting at the PDM-related business domains, we proposed the concept of subject-based integration and global management of complex product data. We analyzed the advantages of product data resource models built at corporate level and studied the major methods for planning of complex product subject database. We defined a C-U matrix described by business process class and product data class, and thereby built a framework of complex product data resources corresponding to business process models and data models. Using materials as the basic management object, we also proposed the structure of a complex product subject data system and provided the method for generalized organization of global product data. Based on this, we built a model for complex product subject database and used data adapters to build the mapping between BIS source data and product subject database. We achieved cross-BIS integration and global management of complex product data oriented at big data.
Study on the Strain Hardening Exponent N under the Ultrasonic Action and Establishment of Constitutive Equation
Authors: An Lin Chao , Cheng Xue Li
Published: August 2014

The relationship between N and strain hardening exponent curve are obtained by the tensile test of the stainless steel, low carbon steel, medium manganese steel under the ultrasonic action, it is concluded that hardening exponent n of low carbon steel is constant; Hardening exponent N stainless steel has a certain relation with the strain, show the parabolic variation; Strain index N and strain of high manganese steel is linear change. Establish the constitutive equation of low carbon steel under normal and ultrasonic frequency, This equation provides a theoretical basis for the tensile test of low carbon steel, provided with guiding significance and reference value for the application of low carbon steel in engineering practice.
A Novel Method for Profile Error Analysis of Freeform Surfaces in FTS/STS Diamond Turning
Authors: Neo Wee Keong , Nadhan Mark Derek , Kumar A. Senthil , Rahman Mustafizur
Published: August 2014

Fast/slow tool servo (FTS/STS) technology plays an important role in machining freeform surfaces for the modern optics industry. The accuracies of these surfaces not only depend on the performance of the FTS/STS but also on the methods of tool path generation (TPG). Current methods of pre-compensating tool nose radius and control dynamics still do not address the inherent profile errors arise from the methods of TPG. Furthermore, it is also not efficient to characterize a freeform surface in the post-machining stage, giving a high risk of failing to meet the accuracy requirements. In this paper, a profile error analysis (PEA) is introduced into the pre-machining stage to address this inherent profile error. PEA is carried out to compare two methods of TPG, namely the constant angle and constant arc methods and optimizes the number of cutting points in the TPG. Thus, the profile accuracy can be pre-determined to meet accuracy requirements by determining the appropriate TPG method with a least number of the cutting points. In the experiments, sinusoidal wave grid and micro-lens array surfaces are fabricated and their profiles successfully achieve the accuracy tolerance of 1 μm. These further credit the capability of PEA as an effective and accurate tool in improving profile accuracies and meeting accuracy requirements.
A Supervisory System in Machining Process Leading to Electric Power Saving
Authors: Kondo Yasuo , Yamaguchi Mitsugu , Sakamoto Satoshi , Yamaguchi Kenji
Published: August 2014

We propose a supervisory technique to monitor the material removal state and tool wear condition as well as the estimation method for overall power consumed in the machining from the effective spindle power change. The effective power (VAcosφ) was the optimal motor related parameter to represent the motor load. The cutting condition can be related with the effective power change by using the averaged effective power for 0.2 seconds. The mean effective power is in proportion to the material removal rate. In addition, the averaged effective power can monitor continuously the tool wear condition and tool breakage. There was a series of cutting conditions where the specific effective power becomes minimum in the grooving operation. Under the cutting conditions with the minimum specific effective power, the cutting would have been conducting at the least cutting resistance and less overall power consumed. These facts indicates that we can determine the cutting conditions, where the cutting resistance and overall power consumed are getting minimum at the same time, by measuring the effective spindle power change during the operation.
Calibration for Laser Scanners Based on the NIM 80m Indoor Ranging Facility
Authors: Deng Xiang Rui , Qian Zheng Yu , Li Jian Shuang
Published: August 2014

Laser scanners have become very popular means of point clouds acquisition and 3D reconstruction. However, the accuracy specifications given by laser scanner producers in their publications and pamphlets are not consistent. Experience shows that sometimes these should not be trusted. Therefore, how to reasonably evaluate and quantify main technical parameters of the instruments is particularly important. It is very necessary to investigate in calibration devices and methods that are suitable for laser scanners. The 80m indoor ranging facility of the National Institute of Metrology (NIM) at Beijing, China, is equipped with an interferometer comparator, precise air flotation rail systems and environmental parameter automatical compensation system. The facility is a closed loop feedback control system and can provide a high-precision reference distance value with different intervals. A expanded standard uncertainty (k=2) ofU(Ls) is superior to 0.5μm+0.5×10-6L. This paper describes the calibration principle and procedure, including mounting white standard spheres with surfaces of diffuse reflection at the mobile platform as non-contact targets, scanning and measuring the white spheres , fitting the coordinates of the sphere centers and calculating the relative distance among sphere centers. As an example, this paper also presents analysis and evaluation on the measurement uncertainty of ranging accuracy.
Development of a Small Rotary Multi-Jet Abrasive Fluid Jet Polishing Tool
Authors: Tsegaw Assefa Asmare , Shiou Fang Jung
Published: August 2014

Most optical glasses are in recent years being manufactured by diamond turning processes which has certainly modernized the field of production of optics. Confines of diamond turning for both form and surface finish accuracy have not been reached, yet. In advent of contemporary technology, high precision finishing techniques are of great concern and the need of present industrialized-scenario. This paper presents the development of a small rotary multi-jet abrasive fluid jet polishing tool for use in polishing of optical glasses. The newly designed and manufactured tool has relative angular speed with respect to the spindle of machining centre and is capable of polishing at micro levels. The paper also investigates the optimal polishing parameters for selected, crown optical glass based on experiments conducted using Taguchi’s experimental method. According to the possible number of control factorsL18orthogonal array was used. ANOVA analysis was carried out to determine the main factors which would affect the surface roughness significantly. Consequently, a 2.5 μm size of Al2O3abrasive, 10wt% abrasive concentration, 40 rpm of polishing head rotation, 6 numbers of nozzles, 6 kg/cm2of fluid pressure, 45minuet of polishing time and 40% of step over have been found to be the optimal parameters. It was observed that about 97.22% improvements on surface roughness; Ra, from 0.360 μm to 0.010 μm has been achieved using the optimal parameters. In addition to this; rotation of polishing head, applied fluid pressure and polishing time were found to have significant effect on surface roughness improvement.
Development of Fixing System for 2-Axis Micro Deep Drilling Assisted by Low Frequency Vibration
Authors: Burdukovskyi Ivan , Kaneko Jun'ichi , Horio Kenichiro
Published: August 2014

Micro deep drilling of hard materials is required to involve step feed in process that grows up machining time. To increase the step feed, a method with low frequency vibration (frequency ~190 Hz, amplitude ~10 μm) by oscillating of workpiece has been proposed. Previous study is focused on method of 1-axis drilling process assisted by low frequency vibration. Introducing the method with low frequency vibration to 2-axis drilling process on a curved surface is required to oscillate the workpiece in two dimensions. Purpose of our study is to design fixing system with the 2-dimansional low frequency vibration. Vibration source is needed to change for providing the 2-dimansional vibration. Fixing system for 2-dimensional vibration (FS2DV) consists of two vibration sources in horizontal and vertical directions with spring systems along it action. The 2-dimensional vibration is controlled by amplitude ratio of the vibrations from each source. As a result, we have succeeded low frequency vibration of the workpiece with assigned direction. The resulting vibration is verified (measuring of instantaneous horizontal and vertical displacements).
Dynamics Model of Micro-Displacement Stage Based on High-Frequency
Authors: Zhou Huan Wei , Chen Xin , Chen Xin Du , Li Ke Tian
Published: August 2014

The optical structure has a large number of micro-structures, which has multiple arrays, complex free-form surface features. But those can not be achieved the requirements with traditional turning and grinding processing, it require to use high-frequency and micro-feed to get ultra-precision machining precision. After creating the 3D digital model of micro-displacement platform using Pro/Engineer, and analyzing the motion and the force, the paper studies the influencing factors about the rigidity and acceleration and explores the motion characteristics of the micro-displacement platform in the high-frequency control, and it the establishes the corresponding dynamics equation. The stiffness and linearity data is accessed after the micro-stage is simulated used by Admas and Ansys software. According to the above data, the structure of micro-stage is optimized in order to meet the ultra-precision machining accuracy and the quality of the workpiece. The research takes advantage of the favorable conditions of the Nanofabrication Laboratory, and it has completed the physical production of the micro-displacement platform supported by the introduction of innovative R&D team program of Guangdong Province, those provide a reliable experimental conditions for future in-depth study.
Fabrication of Microstructured Surfaces by Five-Axis Ultra Precision Machine Tool
Authors: Wu Dong Xu , Li Guo , Wang Bo , Qiao Zheng , Lv Lei
Published: August 2014

In this paper, a five-axis ultra precision machine tool for fabrication of microstructured surfaces is presented. This machine consists of two rotary axes (C&B) and three linear axes (X&Y&Z). High precision aerostatic bearing and torque motor are adopted in C axis (main spindle) and B axis. X axis and Z axis use the hydrostatic guideway and are driven by linear motors. Y axis is driven by torque motor and precision ball screw. This machine is able to realize multiple processing methods, including ultra precision diamond turning, ultra precision milling, fly-cutting, fast tool servo and slow tool servo diamond turning.Furthermore, a large number of experiment researches are carried out. Some typical microstructure surfaces are manufactured, for sinusoidal grid surface, the surface roughness Ra is 11.9nm, which is machined by slow tool servo diamond turning. Micro pyramid array surface is fabricated by using fly-cutting, which performs well both in the profile accuracy and the repeatability. These experiment researches prove that this ultra precision machine is superior in accuracy and system reliability.
Researches on the Measurement Rebuilding and Multi-Axis Flank Milling NC Machining of the Compressor Impeller
Authors: Chen Wei Fang , Chang Jui Te , Su Jia Hong
Published: August 2014

The ruled surface of impeller is widely used in the industry of automobile, shipbuilding, aerospace and aeronautics. Researches on the manufacture of blade possess general meaning. The importance of their performance in the certain field and the non-replace ability of their functions in the specified mechanical systems have resulted in that the technology of manufacturing and measurement for ruled surfaces has been a critical research project in the field of dimensional manufacturing and measurements. With the rapid development of the modern science and technology, complex ruled surfaces are employed more and more widely, but their tolerances become narrower and narrower. The common impeller surfaces represented by NURBS are given and then curve and surface interpolation algorithm represented by NURBS are presented. These provide theoretical foundation for NC machining programming of impeller surface. Principals of normal offset curve and inclined offset surface are used to simplify the model. The NC milling method of divide area is presented to raise machining efficiency and to improve quality of machined surface. The machining efficiency is important in line property of rule surface, flank milling rule surface with end-milling, improve surface quality and cutter efficiency. This paper presents a calculate method to generate five-axis flank milling NC code of divide area in the blade of compressor with Vericut simulating the five-axis flank milling NC code and measurement the result of processing that verification the precision of five-axis flank milling. This paper also simulates four-axis machining for comparing cutting efficiency between five-axis machining and four-axis machining and the status of both the great differences in processing efficiency.
Satiny and Continuous-Curvature Corrugated Surface Generation by Integrating End-Milling Processes and Magnetic Polishing with a Machining Center
Authors: Furuki Tatsuya , Ma Lei , Hirogaki Toshiki , Aoyama Eiichi
Published: August 2014

It is difficult to hand down magic-mirror fabrication technology, which has an extremely small satiny and continuous-curvature corrugated surface, due to downsizing of veteran engineers or even their successors. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to digitalize the magic-mirror fabrication technology using a CNC technology. A mirror finishing method is thus proposed that integrates ball end-milling and magnetic polishing it on the machining center. In addition, the workpiece is end-milled from the rear. Generation of the magic-mirror surface is also carried out.
The Error Analysis of Ultra-Precision Diamond Turning Machine Based on Tool Swing Feeding
Authors: Yao Hong Hui , Sun Tao , Li Zeng Qiang
Published: August 2014

In the respect of ultra-precision manufacturing of axisymmetric surface, the machine tool with tool swing feeding has less interpolation error sources compared to the conventional ultra-precision diamond turning machine tool. The installation errors of machine tool greatly affect the manufacturing accuracy of parts. Therefore, based on the multi-body dynamics theory , the structure characteristics of this machine tool, and the parts' relative positions of machine tool, in this paper we established the space geometric model and the integrated error model of machine tool integrated with the actual installation error of machine. The analysis results of the error model show that the relationship between the depth of axis (tool shaft and main shaft of machine) parallelism and the profile error is linear function; when the installation error of swing arm was lower than 150′′,the profile error of parts was less than λ/10.
Time-Varying Load Analysis on the Rotor-Bearing System for Twin-Screw Compressors
Authors: Wu Yu Ren , Chi Jen Wei
Published: August 2014

Shaft and rotor deformation caused by the high pressure load, temperature and other external forces in the twin-screw compressor may produce flow leakage, tooth wear and bearing failure. A time-varying load analysis procedure is proposed in this paper to obtain the gas torques on rotors, bearing forces and the shaft deflections for the twin-screw compressor. Further, the calculated forces are compared with the existed well-known software to verify the correctness of the proposed method. Also, the forces on each bearings and the shaft deflection are predicted through KISSsoft modeling technique in this paper.
Tool Wear Characteristics for Near-Dry Cutting of Inconel 718
Authors: Wakabayashi Tatsuya , Maeda Yukio , Iwatsuka Kenichi , Yazawa Takanori
Published: August 2014

In recent years, high-combustion-efficiency jet engines are required in the aircraft industry. Inconel 718, which has excellent mechanical and chemical characteristics. However, Inconel 718 is difficult to cut material because of its low-thermal conductivity. Consequently, Wet cutting is ordinarily adopted to reduce the heat on cutting heat edge in Inconel 718 cutting. Wet cutting which uses large amount of cutting fluid requires much cost and energy on maintenance or disposal of cutting fluid, and this method is environmentally-unfriendly. From the view point of reducing cost and environmental load, we examined the method of Near-Dry cutting which uses very small amount of cutting fluid for the cylindrical cutting of Inconel 718. However, this method has some problems, such as tool wear and cutting stock removal rate. In this report, we experimentally examined the relationship between cutting speed, tool materials, and tool fracture of near-dry cutting of Inconel 718. We compared these results with those of wet cutting, a method which is more expensive, requires significantly greater amounts of energy, and is less environment-friendly. The results indicate that when cutting speed is 100 m/min, tool fracture occurs at a cutting distance of 200 m. When cutting speed is 50 m/min, tool fracture does not occur and near-dry cutting distances can continue beyond 600 m. Moreover, tool wear could be reduced when S05 tool material, which has high bending strength, was used.
A Differential Evolution Stereo Matching Method in Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Chen Lin , Lu Rong Sheng , Shi Yan Qiong , Tian Jian Sheng
Published: August 2014

Stereo matching is widely used in three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, stereo machine vision and digital image correlation. The aim of stereo matching process is to solve the well-known correspondence problem, which tries to match points or features from one image with the same points or features in another image from the same 3D scene. There are two basic ways, correlation-based and feature-based, are used to find the correspondences between two images. The correlation-based way is to determine if one location in one image looks/seems like another in another image, and the feature-based way to find if a subset of features in one image is similar in the another image. In stereo matching, a simple algorithm is to compare small patches between two rectified images by correlation search. For the pair images acquired from two cameras inevitably exists some rotation transformation, the algorithm first runs a preprocessing step to rectify the images with the epipolar rectification to simplify the problem of finding matching points between images. The epipolar rectification is to determine a transformation of each image plane such that pairs of conjugate epipolar lines become collinear and parallel to one of the image axes. It will lead the loss of gray information of images. The effect is dependent on the amount of angle. When the angle is big enough, the correlation search may yield error results because of retrograded correlation effect. In order to solve the problem, the paper presents an improved stereo matching algorithm with differential evolution to solve the correspondence problem. Our method doesn’t need to runs the preprocessing step to rectify the images with the epipolar rectification. It uses a differential evolution algorithm to minimize the correlation function which contains the angle information after acquiring the epipoar geometry constraint of two image pairs. Then it utilizes a flood-fill algorithm to search correspondence sub-region in the area around the epipolar line. The flood-fill algorithm can overcome the problem of the traditional row-column scanning search method, which will encounter boundary barrier where exists concave polygons or cavities. The Experimental results show that the proposed method can be easily implemented in stereo matching without loss of information of image features with large rotation angle transformation. In the paper, we will introduce the stereo matching principle and its algorithms, including the differential evolution algorithm for finding the correspondences with large rotation transformation between stereo image pairs and the flood-fill traversal strategy for matching large area with complex concave polygons or cavities. In the end of the paper, some experimental results will be given to illustrate the method effectiveness. Keywords: digital image correlation, stereo matching algorithm, epipolar geometry, flood fill algorithm, differential evolution, rotation angle
Identification of Fluids by the Color of Surface Plasmon Polaritons
Authors: Ozaki Miyu , Sakai Tomohisa , Murata Hiromichi , Furutani Ryoshu
Published: August 2014

When optical waves make the free electrons on a metal surface resonate, optical energy propagates along the surface as density waves of the free electrons. The longitudinal waves and electrical fields of the electrons are called surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), which are widely applied in high sensitivity sensors because the excitation of SPPs sensitively depends on the refractive index of the surrounding dielectric sample. Here, we report the identification of fluids by using the color dispersion of SPPs. Silver film on a prism surface is illuminated with white light to excite SPPs. A color component in the white light is thereby selectively coupled with SPPs due to the color dispersion that depends on the refractive index of the fluid on the film. Thus, theoretically, when the refractive index is changed, the color of SPPs changes as well. Our application uses a medium consisting of fluid samples to be identified. The proposed identification method can be applied to fluid analysis for label-free visualization of or as a simple analysis method, since the refractive indices or concentrations of the sample fluids directly affect the color of the SPPs, and this color can be visually identified. We theoretically confirmed that the color of SPPs excited with white light illumination can help to differentiate between water and ethanol. Experimentally, SPPs belonging to the frequency region of the color green were detected when the sample was water, and the color changed to red when ethanol was used instead. In the future, we plan to develop simple, small, sensitive, and low-cost sensors that can determine the concentration and refractive index of fluids on the basis of the color of the SPPs.
Development of a CAM System with Linear Servo Motor for Automation of Metal Hammering
Authors: Tanaka Hidetake , Hoshino Kaoru , Asakawa Naoki
Published: August 2014

The study deals with an automation of the metal hammering process by use of a linear motor on the basis of CAD data. Metal hammering is one of a traditional handcrafts and only skilled technician can form objective shape from a blank sheet metal without die/mold. It shall be regarded as a type of rapid manufacturing process that is it can be applied to make small amount of sheet metal part. However, to master metal hammering is difficult because of its intricate forming procedure. In this study, a linear servo hammering system, which developed in-house, is adopted as a good mimic of human hammering operation. We have already proposed a calculation method of form difference between workpiece and its CAD data quantitatively in order to assess how workpiece formed accurately and to identify primary factors for the formability. Previous version of our own developed hammering system could form workpiece without considering temporary shape of workpiece with feed-forward control. The operator had to try several times to obtain optimal hammering condition for different shapes of CAD data. It is one of the major differences in comparison with the skilled human operators do. In the study, the authors improved the hammering system to measure shape of workpiece in hammering process. This modification made hammering process to be able to feedback temporary condition to form more accurately. From the experimental result, robustness of the system performance for input shape, compared with that previous system requires several experiments to determine hammering parameter has been demonstrated.
High Efficiency AGV Transportation System Based on Knowledge of Taxis: Strategy for AGV Behavior at Intersections
Authors: Ito Taichi , Aoyama Eiichi , Hirogaki Toshiki , Ogawa Keiji , Mitsuoka Daisuke
Published: August 2014

Manufacturing systems have been evolving to accommodate the production of various types and volumes of products, as with the flexible manufacturing system (FMS). However, with FMS, it is difficult to change the layout of a factory and to cope with any problems that may arise. Therefore, the importance of automated guided vehicles (AGVs) is increasing because AGVs can flexibly adapt to changes of equipment in a factory. However, there has not yet been much research on systems that can respond to a large number of indefinite elements. One response to this issue might be a mimetic solution, which is the application of knowledge from one field to another. We feel that knowledge of traffic engineering, dealing as it does with the transport of passengers, could be applied to the conveyance mechanisms of AGVs. This paper describes an autonomous conveyance system for AGVs based on taxi transportation strategy. The system focuses on knowledge of a flexible taxi system in traffic engineering. We chose taxis because they operate with higher flexibility in terms of traveling routes and arrival/departure points compared with railways and buses. In this study, the waiting mode of taxis was applied as AGV rules and then tested to determine the effect of the proposed system. We came up with an equation to identify the best way of determining the waiting position. Moreover, AGV collisions are of extreme importance when AGVs run for real: if a collision occurs, we have to change the factory schedule and fix the AGV. However, in the past we have never taken account of an AGV collision, and so here we do. Two assessment functions are treated: matching time, which is the period of time elapsing between when a load is received and when a load is generated, and conveyance efficiency, which is the total distance the AGV travels divided by the total distance the AGV carries the load. Results showed that the proposed system (applying the waiting strategy of taxis as AGV rules) is effective at reducing the matching time and intersection of AGVs without any decrease in conveyance efficiency.
Positioning Calibration of a Parallel Mechanism Worktable with 6-DOF
Authors: Zhang Yuan Rui , Nagase Shigenobu , Zhu Jiang , Tanaka Tomohisa , Saito Yoshio
Published: August 2014

In this study, a small 6-DOF (degree of freedom) parallel mechanism worktable for machine tool was developed. There are many factors that affect the positioning precision and the accuracy of the machine tool. The uncertainty in position is mainly due to the structural rigidity, the geometric error of the parts and the assembly errors. It is very difficult to estimate the assembly errors and the link parameter of each part. Moreover, it is necessary to make clear the relation of cross talk between each axis for parallel mechanism. In this research, a method to compensate the movement error of worktable based on the measurement result was proposed and discussed. First, in order to measure the positioning accuracy of the worktable a measuring method by using 3-dimensional coordinate measuring machine (CMM) was proposed. After the evaluation, the positioning accuracy of the parallel mechanism worktable, the error of each configuration parameter can be obtained. By the correction of the inverse kinematic program, the improvement of the positioning accuracy of the worktable was confirmed. After calibrating several times, the positioning error became stable within a constant range. It is confirmed that this method to obtain the parameter error is effective, and it is possible to improve the positioning accuracy.
Study on the Fast Tool Servo (FTS) with the Replaceable Flexible Hinge
Authors: Li Ke Tian , Chen Xin , Chen Xin Du , Liu Qiang , Zhou Huan Wei
Published: August 2014

It is a FTS with flexible hinge that can be replaceable. It includes flexible hinges, a movable block, piezoelectric ceramic driver and framework. The flexible hinge is installed on inner side of the frame, and the other side is connected with the movable block. The piezoelectric ceramic driver is installed in movable block, and its other end is installed on the end beam of the frame. There is a tool base in the front end of the movable block on which the diamond tools can be fixed. Under the support of the flexible hinges, the tool can move back and front driven be piezoelectric ceramic driver. Through the simulation analyses with finite element technology and experiment, it is certify that the design of FTS is successful and practical to further study.