bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tomotherapi Cihazında Meme Tedavisinde Kullanılan İki Farklı İmmobilizasyon Aracının Tedavi Planlarına Etkisinin Araştırılması
Authors: ACARSOY Bahar
Published: July 2021

Amaç: Gelişen teknoloji ile beraber meme kanseri tedavilerinde, kritik organ ve sağlam dokuları daha iyi koruyabilmek için en büyük yardımcı immobilizasyon (sabitleyici) sistemler ve pozisyon destek araçlarıdır. Çalışmamızın amacı, Meme Bordu (MB) ve Akciğer Bordu (AKB) kullanılarak Tomoterapi-Helical (TH) ve Tomoterapi-Direct (TD) IMRT yöntemi ile yapılmış olan planlamalardan elde edilen hedef hacim ve kritik organ dozlarının karşılaştırılarak, bu iki immobilizasyon sisteminin uygulanabilirliğinin araştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Yapılan bu çalışma retrospektif olup, meme kanserli 15 hasta verisi tedavi planlama arşivinden seçilmiştir. TH-TD yöntemleri ile hedef hacim dozu 50 Gy/ 25 fraksiyon olacak şekilde hastaların Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (BT)’de sanal tedavi planları oluşturulmuştur. Bulgular: Yapılan çalışma sonucunda, aynı veri kaynağından elde edilmiş olan iki ölçüm sonuçları arasında fark olup olmadığı, hedef hacim ve kritik yapılara ait parametrelerdeki farklar, SPSS programında wilcoxon signed rank testi uygulanarak sonuçlar istatistiksel analiz sonucunda anlamlı ve anlamsız olarak değerlendirilmiştir. MB’nun TH-TD teknikleri ile AKB’nun TH-TD teknikleri arasında, hedef hacim (CTV) üzerinde anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmamıştır (p değerleri her biri için>0.05). Kritik organlar için elde edilen verilerde; genel olarak TH tekniğinin MB ve AKB üzerinde yüksek doz alan bölgelerde anlamlı derecede daha etkili olduğu gözlenmiştir. Tedavi süreleri açısından değerlendirildiğinde ise, MB ve AKB TH tekniğinde bloklama kullanılmış olmasına rağmen MB ve AKB’nun TD tekniği arasında anlamlı farklılık saptanmamıştır (p>0.05). Sonuç: Her iki immobilizasyon sisteminde kullanılan her iki tekniğinde meme kanseri radyoterapisinde hastanın anatomisi göz önünde bulundurularak tercih edileceği görülmüştür.
APPLICATION OF MULTIPLE CRITERIA DECISION MAKING METHODS IN CONSTRUCTION: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Zhu Xingyu , Meng Xianhai , Zhang Min
Published: July 2021

Decision making is a key to business or project success in any sectors, especially in construction that requires handling numerous information and knowledge. Multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) is an important tool for decision problem solving due to simultaneous consideration of multiple criteria and objectives. Various MCDM methods are continually emerging and tend to be increasingly adopted to address the real-world construction problems. Therefore, it is urged to systematically review the existing body of literature to demonstrate the evolution of the mainstream MCDM methods in general and their application status in construction. A total of 530 construction articles published from 2000 to 2019 are selected in this study and then categorized into seven major application areas using a novel systematic literature review (SLR) methodology. The bibliometric analysis is then used to describe the research trend. Subsequently, the qualitative discussion by themes is conducted to analyze the application of MCDM methods in construction. A further discussion makes it possible to identify the potential challenges (e.g. applicability, robustness, postpone effect, dynamic and prospective challenges and scale problem) to existing research. It also contributes to the recommendation of future directions for the development of MCDM methods that would benefit construction research and practice.
Evidence that a Novel Type of Satellite Wake Might Exist in Saturn’s E Ring
Authors: Hedman M. M. , Young M.
Published: July 2021

Saturn’s E ring consists of micron-sized particles launched from Enceladus by that moon’s geological activity. A variety of small-scale structures in the E ring’s brightness have been attributed to tendrils of material recently launched from Enceladus. However, one of these features occurs at a location where Enceladus’s gravitational perturbations should concentrate background E-ring particles into structures known as satellite wakes. While satellite wakes have been observed previously in ring material drifting past other moons, these E-ring structures would be the first examples of wakes involving particles following horseshoe orbits near Enceladus’s orbit. The predicted intensity of these wake signatures is particularly sensitive to the fraction E-ring particles on orbits with low eccentricities and semimajor axes just outside of Enceladus’s orbit, and so detailed analyses of these and other small-scale E-ring features should place strong constraints on the orbital properties and evolution of E-ring particles.
A Comparison between Intrathecal Nalbuphine and Fentanyl for Intraoperative Pain Management during Uterine Exteriorization in Cesarean Section: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mohamed Sherif Abdullah , Elsonbaty Ahmed , Elsonbaty Mohamed
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Uterine exteriorization during cesarean section is linked to an increased incidence of visceral pain.

AIM: This study explored the ability of intrathecal nalbuphine to alleviate this accompanied pain to be used as an effective safer alternative to fentanyl, as there is almost no study compared between these agents to alleviate visceral pain induced by uterine exteriorization.

METHODS: This double-blinded randomized controlled research was done on 135 cases subjected to cesarean section with exteriorization of the uterus. Patients were randomized equally into F, N, and C groups which received 25 μg fentanyl, 800 μg nalbuphine, and 0.5 ml saline, respectively, added to intrathecal 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine. The occurrence of visceral and shoulder pain and their VAS, the need for rescue IV fentanyl, adverse events, hemodynamics, and Apgar scores were evaluated.

RESULTS: The incidence of visceral pain was 22.2%, 24.4%, and 66.7% for Groups F, N, and C, respectively. Patients who needed rescue IV fentanyl were 6.7%, 11.1%, and 60% for Groups F, N, and C, respectively. The statistical difference regarding these parameters was highly significant (p < 0.0001) between C group and both F and N groups but insignificant between F and N groups. Nausea, shivering, itching, and bradycardia were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in N group in comparison to F and C. HR had a significant difference between F group and both N and C groups.

CONCLUSION: Intrathecal nalbuphine is an effective safer alternative to fentanyl to control visceral pain induced by uterine exteriorization during cesarean delivery.
Structure of the midgut epithelium in four diplopod species: histology, histochemistry and ultrastructure
Authors: Rost-Roszkowska Magdalena Maria , Vilimová Jitka , Tajovský Karel , Šustr Vladimír , Ostróżka Anna , Kaszuba Florentyna
Published: July 2021

Abstract

The middle region of the digestive system of millipedes, the midgut, is responsible for all processes connected with digestion, but also takes part in homeostasis maintenance thanks to the ability to activate many mechanisms which neutralize changes occurring at different levels of the animal’s body. Numerous millipede species are treated as bioindicators of the natural environment and they are exposed to different stressors which originate from external environment. To obtain all data on the functioning of midgut of millipedes as the barrier against stressors, it is necessary to have a precise and general description of the midgut epithelium. Members from four millipede orders were selected for the studies:Polydesmus angustus(Polydesmida),Epibolus pulchripes(Spirobolida),Unciger transsilvanicus(Julida) andGlomeris tetrasticha(Glomerida). The structure and ultrastructure of their midgut epithelial cells (the digestive, secretory and regenerative cells) were documented using transmission electron microscopy and histochemical methods. The obtained results have been compared and discussed to previous ones, to present the general and structural organization of the midgut in Diplopoda. Our studies revealed that the ultrastructure of all cells which form the midgut epithelium in millipedes is general for all the species studied up to now and it resembles the cell ultrastructure observed in Chilopoda and Hexapoda, including the digestive, secretory and stem cells.
Impaired Myocardial Flow Reserve on 82Rubidium Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Feher Attila , Boutagy Nabil E. , Oikonomou Evangelos K. , Thorn Stephanie , Liu Yi-Hwa , Miller Edward J. , Sinusas Albert J. , Hinchcliff Monique
Published: July 2021

Objective.

To investigate the association between Raynaud phenomenon (RP) and coronary microvascular dysfunction, we measured myocardial flow reserve (MFR) using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with primary and secondary RP and controls.

Methods.

Patients with RP, patient controls, and healthy participants who underwent dynamic rest-stress 82-rubidium PET/CT were studied. Differences in heart rate–blood pressure product-corrected MFR and clinical predictors of reduced MFR (< 2.0) were determined.

Results.

Forty-nine patients with RP (80% female; aged 65 ± 11 yrs; 11 with primary RP, 18 with systemic sclerosis [SSc], and 20 with other autoimmune rheumatic diseases [AIRDs] including 6 with systemic lupus erythematosus, 6 with rheumatoid arthritis, 4 with overlap syndrome, 2 with Sjögren syndrome, and 2 with inflammatory arthritis), 49 matched patients without RP or AIRD (78% female; 64 ± 13 yrs), and 14 healthy participants (50% female; 35 ± 5 yrs) were studied. Patients with primary RP, matched patient controls, and healthy participants had comparable MFR. Patients with SSc-RP had significantly reduced MFR (1.62 ± 0.32) compared to matched patient controls (P = 0.03, 2.06 ± 0.61) and to healthy participants (P = 0.01, 2.22 ± 0.44). In multivariable logistic regression, SSc was an independent predictor of reduced MFR. We identified a correlation between time since AIRD diagnosis and MFR (r = –0.30, 95% CI –0.63 to –0.02, P = 0.04).

Conclusion.

Our findings suggest that only secondary, not primary, RP is associated with reduced MFR, and that patients with SSc-RP have reduced MFR compared to those with primary RP and patients with other AIRDs. Larger prospective studies are warranted to fully elucidate the prognostic value of MFR in patients with secondary RP.
Thyroid Nodule/Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Crockett David J. , Faucett Erynne A. , Gnagi Sharon H.
Published: July 2021

Symptoms of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer include those of hypo- or hyperthyroidism, voice changes, difficulty breathing when supine, globus sensation, dysphagia, and cervical adenopathy. Surgery has been the first-line mainstay treatment option for large thyroid nodules and thyroid carcinomas. This article highlights thyroid carcinoma in the pediatric population and reviews the current testing and management options.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2020;50(7):e282–e285.]
Tipificación de tres nombres en el género Galium (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Ferrer-Gallego Pedro Pablo
Published: July 2021

Se discute la tipificación de tres nombres en el género Galium descritos para el este de la Península Ibérica: G. valentinum, G. valentinum var. idubedae y G. capillare. La designación de los tipos de nomenclaturales se basa en la consulta del material original y la literatura citada en los respectivos protólogos. Los nombres se lectotipifican utilizando especímenes conservados en C (herbario John Lange), JE y una ilustración original de Cavanilles publicada en 1793.
Primera cita en África del caracol del cieno de Nueva Zelanda Potamopyrgus antipodarum (J.E. Gray, 1843) (Tateidae, Mollusca)
Authors: Fouzi Taybi Abdelkhaleq , Mabrouki Youness , Glöer Peter
Published: July 2021

Incluido recientemente entre las “cien peores” especies invasoras y siendo el tercero de los “peores moluscos invasores” en Europa, el caracol del cieno de Nueva Zelanda ha llegado a ser cosmopolita. Se comunica el primer hallazgo en el continente africano, en Marruecos. Se encontraron poblaciones establecidas de Potamopyrgus antipodarum en el humedal Low Moulouya, un Sitio Ramsar y un Sitio de Interés Biológico y Ecológico (SIBE), donde ocupa hábitats naturales y antropogénicos (manantial, río y canal artificial). El proceso de invasión parece estar en sus primeras etapas, lo que exige medidas drásticas para poder controlar su progreso.
Nuevas citas de los galápagos chinos Mauremys reevesii (Gray, 1831) y Mauremys sinensis (Gray, 1834) (Testudines, Geoemydidae) en España
Authors: González de la Vega Juan Pablo , García-de-Lomas Juan , Rodríguez-Andrés José Luis
Published: July 2021

El comercio de quelonios acuáticos como animales de compañía y su eventual liberación o escape ha conllevado la detección de especies exóticas naturalizadas o formando poblaciones invasoras en ecosistemas acuáticos. La importación de Mauremys spp. exóticos implica una nueva amenaza para la conservación de los ecosistemas acuáticos, debido a su capacidad de hibridarse con la especie nativa Mauremys leprosa. En este trabajo se documentan 16 nuevos registros de ejemplares asilvestrados de los galápagos asiáticos Mauremys reevesii y Mauremys sinensis en Andalucía (sur de España). La mayor parte de ellos (13) corresponden a ambientes acuáticos artificiales asociados a áreas urbanas y el resto se encontraron en espacios naturales protegidos con poblaciones naturales de M. leprosa. Estas nuevas citas ponen de manifiesto que los nuevos taxones comercializados reproducen el patrón de venta-abandono-naturalización-invasión ya acaecido con otras especies exóticas de galápagos. El número de ejemplares de Mauremys exóticos importados en España (más de 100.000 desde 2006) sugiere que el número real de ejemplares asilvestrados podría ser bastante mayor al documentado en los trabajos publicados.
L’autocéphalie et la notion d’apostolicité
Authors: Morini Enrico
Published: July 2021

La notion d’apostolicité, propre à l’Église universelle, s’étend également aux Églises locales avec une double acception. Un premier sens a une valeur large et générique, renvoyant à toutes les Églises, comme affirmation de leur rattachement au collège apostolique par l’intermédiaire de la succession épiscopale. Un second sens, plus restreint et spécifique, se rapporte seulement à certaines Églises en signe de leur fondation directement par un apôtre en particulier. Cette conception est présente avant tout dans le milieu romain, où l’Église est la sedes apostolica par excellence. En Orient, au contraire, l’apostolicité spécifique d’une Église locale renvoie tout d’abord à sa fondation à l’époque apostolique, comme dans le cas évident de Jérusalem. Cependant, même en Orient et très rapidement, les Églises d’Alexandrie et d’Antioche attribuèrent une valeur juridictionnelle aux anciennes traditions de leur fondation par un apôtre. Cette prérogative, affirmée à partir du milieu du Ve siècle, devint une condition essentielle pour obtenir l’autocéphalie ecclésiastique (comme le montrent les cas de Chypre et de Ravenne) ou pour se voir attribuer une juridiction « patriarcale » (comme dans la tentative avortée d’Éphèse). Par la suite, cette idée se développa également au sein de la chrétienté slave.
La notion d’Églises « mère » et « fille » dans l’ecclésiologie byzantine
Authors: Blanchet Marie-Hélène , Vetochnikov Konstantinos
Published: July 2021

L’ecclésiologie byzantine est fondée sur l’idée que l’Église universelle est une, composée d’une multitude d’Églises locales en communion les unes avec les autres, tandis que l’élément de base de l’organisation ecclésiastique demeure l’évêché. La notion de tête de l’Église n’est donc pas primordiale dans cette conception ecclésiologique, de comme sorte que la représentation de l’Église comme « mère » n’est pas très répandue. Les références à l’Église de Jérusalem comme « mère de toutes les Églises » revêtent un sens spirituel et ne trouvent aucune application ni en droit, ni dans l’organisation administrative de l’institution ecclésiastique. À partir du XIe siècle, une polémique se développe sur ce sujet entre l’Église byzantine et l’Église romaine, puisque cette dernière revendique une juridiction supérieure universelle – ou catholique – en tant que mère des autres Églises. L’Église byzantine commence par contester à l’Église romaine une telle prérogative, mais aux XIVe-XVe siècles, elle s’approprie cette thématique maternelle. Les relations du patriarcat de Constantinople avec les Églises autocéphales slaves ont commencé à être pensées selon ce modèle à la fin du XIVe siècle, et surtout à la période post-byzantine.
Autocephaly and the diptychs
Authors: Galadza Daniel
Published: July 2021

The ways of commemorating the hierarchy within the liturgy are a means to understanding the ecclesiological expression and relationship of one Church with another. This paper presents an historical overview of the liturgical context of hierarchal commemorations within the Divine Liturgy, examining liturgical manuscripts and texts from the eighth century to the present day. The earliest sources are Greek, generally from Southern Italy and Palestine/Sinai, and show the «authentic» or traditional pattern of commemoration to have been as follows: the clergy commemorated their bishop, the bishop commemorated his metropolitan, the metropolitan commemorated his patriarch, and the patriarchs commemorated the other patriarchs and heads of autocephalous Churches. After the original liturgical practice documented in Greek and early Slavonic manuscripts has been presented, the focus of the paper shifts to the East Slavs in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Muscovy, where a new, «pyramidal» pattern developed, namely: all clergy commemorated all of the hierarchy, from the patriarch (or pope) all the way down to the bishop. The paper concludes with an examination of contemporary canonical legislation on this question as well as a presentation of recent practice in Ukraine.
The Bulgarian Church in the 9th-10th century
Authors: Nikolov Angel
Published: July 2021

The Christianisation of the Bulgarians in 864 made possible the restoration of church structures in the eastern and central parts of the Balkan Peninsula. However, the policy of the Bulgarian ruler Boris-Michael (852-889, d. 907) was such that the Patriarchate of Constantinople could not simply re-establish its direct control over the church dioceses in the newly converted country. Founded in 870, the Bulgarian archbishopric, which was granted autocephaly in accordance with the acts of the Fourth Council in Constantinople in 879-880, gradually became instrumental in promoting the religious and cultural policies of Boris-Michael and his son, Prince (Emperor from 913 onwards) Symeon (893-927), aimed at introducing the Slavonic liturgy and literature. In 927 Byzantium recognised the patriarchal dignity of the archbishop of Bulgaria. After the Byzantines’ capture of the capital, Preslav, and of the eastern Bulgarian lands in 971, it was the vagaries of the Byzantine-Bulgarian military conflict that determined the fortunes of the Bulgarian Church. It all came to an end with the destruction of the Bulgarian empire in 1018 and the establishment of the Bulgarian archbishopric of Ohrid, nominally independent from the patriarch of Constantinople.
L’autocéphalie et l’autokrator
Authors: Hedjan Jonel
Published: July 2021

Le but de cette étude est de mettre en lumière et de présenter, à travers quelques exemples, les processus par lesquels les royaumes slaves des Balkans obtinrent de Constantinople l’autonomie de leur Église respective durant les XIIIe et XIVe siècles, de même que les multiples intérêts politiques qui les amenèrent à considérer cette concession comme l’obtention d’une autocéphalie parfaite.
La négociation politique du statut canonique de l’Église orthodoxe en Bosnie-Herzégovine, 1878-1918
Authors: Gelez Philippe
Published: July 2021

L’Église orthodoxe en Bosnie-Herzégovine a relevé jusqu’en 1920 de l’autorité de Constantinople. Quand l’Autriche-Hongrie a reçu le mandat d’occuper cette province ottomane, en 1878, elle a voulu donner à la Bosnie une autonomie par rapport au Phanar. Cependant, résultat d’une vieille tradition concordataire, cette volonté n’exprimait en l’occurrence qu’une stratégie politique.
L’exarchat bulgare en compétition avec le patriarcat de Constantinople (1870-1945)
Authors: Lory Bernard
Published: July 2021

Le firman impérial de 1870 détermine le cadre de l’exarchat bulgare, Église autonome plutôt qu’autocéphale, dont le fonctionnement pendant soixante-quinze ans a été riche de paradoxes. Ce texte fondateur n’a jamais été véritablement appliqué ; la proclamation du schisme avec le patriarcat œcuménique, en 1872, a créé une situation complexe. L’exarchat avait la charge des fidèles qui vivaient dans des cadres politiques très différents : dans la Principauté de Bulgarie ou dans des provinces sous administration ottomane directe. Dans ces dernières, la compétition avec Constantinople a été très vive. Deux hiérarchies parallèles se sont mises en place. La « question macédonienne » a dérivé vers des formes violentes qui n’ont pas épargné le clergé. La vie ecclésiale a été profondément perturbée par une division qui était de nature politique beaucoup plus que religieuse (notion de phylétisme).
Essais de rétablissement de l’ancien archevêché d’Ohrid (XIXe-XXe siècle)
Authors: Sekulovski Goran
Published: July 2021

Suite à la suppression de l’archevêché d’Ohrid en 1767, les diocèses du territoire que couvrait cette Église sont restés pendant une longue période d’un siècle et demi (1767-1922) dans le giron ecclésiastique du patriarcat de Constantinople. À partir de 1920, ils passent sous la juridiction du patriarcat serbe uni, sans oublier le rattachement d’une bonne partie des fidèles à l’exarchat bulgare (en situation de schisme à l’égard du patriarcat de Constantinople dès sa création en 1870 jusqu’en 1912, et ensuite entre 1915 et 1918, puis de nouveau entre 1941 et 1944, périodes de contrôle spirituel bulgare) et aux Églises de Grèce et d’Albanie. Pendant tout ce temps, la quête identitaire ecclésiale a conduit certaines populations slaves de l’espace que couvrait l’archevêché à chercher des solutions en vue de l’indépendance ecclésiastique et de l’émancipation hors des autocéphalies existantes, au point de vouloir refonder l’ancien archevêché, voire d’envisager sa reconstitution sous la forme uniate. Ces différents essais de « restauration » de l’archevêché d’Ohrid depuis la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle jusqu’à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale sont au cœur des problématiques de cette contribution, qui vise à faire ressortir plus particulièrement ses dimensions ecclésiologiques : quel est le fondement ecclésial pour la refondation d’une ancienne Église autocéphale disparue et quelle est la part de l’instrumentalisation du passé qui accompagne cette démarche ? S’agit-il des critères d’autocéphalie, ou bien d’une ecclésiologie nationalisée et d’une historiographie mythifiée ? C’est une raison de plus pour jeter un regard en arrière et scruter l’histoire de la refondation de l’archevêché d’Ohrid, afin d’illustrer la pratique courante de l’intervention des facteurs extérieurs dans la vie ecclésiastique, devenus souvent déterminants lorsqu’il s’agit de questions purement ecclésiologiques, au point de devenir une « tradition ».
L’autocéphalie en guerre froide : tensions interconfessionnelles et réflexion sur l’unité à la conférence inter-orthodoxe de Moscou de 1948
Authors: Pettinaroli Laura
Published: July 2021

L’autocéphalie a souvent été, à l’âge des nationalismes, la traduction ecclésiastique de l’acquisition d’une autonomie politique nationale. Dans ce chapitre, consacré à la conférence inter-orthodoxe organisée à Moscou en 1948, nous interrogerons l’actualité du concept d’autocéphalie au lendemain de la seconde guerre mondiale. Alors que les États-nations s’engagent de façon croissante dans des constructions internationales à géométries variables (ONU, blocs idéologiques, organisations économiques comme l’OECE), on peut se demander si le concept ecclésiologique d’autocéphalie est réinvesti pour penser ces reconfigurations politiques. Dans un contexte marqué en Europe orientale par le marxisme, l’autocéphalie est ici mise en valeur pour se différencier des modèles ecclésiastiques occidentaux mais aussi pour tenter de penser l’unité entre des nations variées.
Territorialité des juridictions et expérience liturgique : quelques présupposés liturgiques et ecclésiologiques de l’autocéphalie
Authors: Getcha Job
Published: July 2021

La délimitation territoriale de chaque Église, que ce soit au niveau local ou régional, est un présupposé ecclésiologique. Depuis les premiers siècles, l’assemblée eucharistique était le rassemblement par excellence de l’Église locale. Durant les trois premiers siècles, le droit d’élire son propre chef était un privilège de l’Église locale (diocèse). Le premier concile œcuménique introduit le système métropolitain où au niveau régional la tête de l’Église devint le métropolite dans le but d’assurer la communion des Églises locales entre elles. L’élection de l’évêque devint alors le privilège du synode régional. Par la suite, l’autocéphalie fut comprise comme le droit pour une Église territoriale non seulement d’élire sa tête, mais aussi d’administrer les communautés ecclésiales dans des limites territoriales bien définies. La communion ecclésiale se manifeste dès lors par la confession de la même foi et l’observation du même ordre canonique à travers la célébration eucharistique par la commémoration de l’évêque, du primat et des diptyques, l’élection et l’ordination des évêques et la sanctification du myron.
The Reconstruction of the Author’s Movement Through the Text, or How to Encode Keystroke Logged Writing Processes in TEI-XML
Authors: Bekius Lamyk
Published: July 2021

This essay demonstrates how the use of the keystroke logging tool Inputlog allows for a fine-grained analysis of literary writing processes. But before the writing process can be studied, the keystroke logging data needs to be transformed into an output that is suitable for a textual genetic analysis. For this purpose, this essay investigates the potential of combining text with keystroke logging data in TEI-conformant XML. Besides discussing how revisions can be specified in the encoding, the author asks herself how traces of digital writing processes differ from analogue traces (and, taking it one step further, how keystroke logging can be used to record more details about the genesis of a text), what kind of decisions need to be made when encoding keystroke logging data, and how the peculiarities of digital authorship leave their mark on its encoding — as well as on the interpretation and argumentation that underlies the transcription. This will demonstrate that the level of detail that is recorded in keystroke logging data requires us to consider the way in which the text was typed when we design our encoding schemas. The goal of the TEI-XML encoding of the keystroke logging data is to provide transcriptions of writing processes that could be used to analyse (the sequence of) revisions and text production in each logged writing session in relation to their specific location in the text.
Restricted Translation of Historical Dutch Text
Authors: Maat Hugo
Published: July 2021

This article proposes an experimental approach to the diachronic translation of document sources written in historical variants of the Dutch language. It argues that, in order to make textual sources more accessible to read for modern audiences, it is possible to alter grammatical aspects of the text while preserving the lexical aspects of the historical language variant. Because of this restricted translation, this approach is less time consuming compared to a total translation. The article also describes a method for producing such texts, illustrated with examples taken from the sixteenth-century correspondence of William of Orange.
Dynamic Facsimiles: Note on the Transcription of Born-Digital Works for Genetic Criticism
Authors: Hulle Dirk Van
Published: July 2021

Born-digital works of literature sometimes present genetic critics with so much data that it becomes possible to analyse not just the microgenesis but even the nanogenesis of small textual units such as sentence versions (textual versions of one single sentence). This ‘work in progress’ essay is a suggestion to visualize these nanogenetic analyses as dynamic facsimiles, a filmic replay of logged keystrokes in parallel with a transcription, by analogy with the popular and effective format of juxtaposing digital facsimiles with their transcription in digital scholarly editions of analogue works.
Is There Recess on Mars?
Authors: Gillow-Wiles Henry , Niess Margaret L.
Published: July 2021

The pandemic of 2019 created a multitude of challenges for teachers and students alike. The urgency with which education was forced to transition to a fully online delivery paradigm necessitated a triage and curate process to decide where efforts were to be placed. Teachers, forced to move quickly, leveraged existing research in designing their courses and activities. However, little research exists concerning how to meaningfully create online learning environments for K-12 students. This chapter explores the importance of recess, where children have free-play, self-constructed interactions essential for developing a sense of belonging. Through exploring the sense of belonging construct in the context of how it is formed, its importance for developing social skills, and the connection between a sense of belonging and successful online learning, the authors present critical gaps in research and suggest directions for research.
Using Generation Z's Learning Approaches to Create Meaningful Online Learning
Authors: Mellman Letha , Williams Mia Kim , Slykhuis David A.
Published: July 2021

This chapter presents findings from an eDelphi research study through which participant experts of Generation Z established learning approaches for online environments. Experts were members of this generation all being born in 2001 or 2002 who have participated in informal or formal pre-pandemic online learning. Background on Generation Z, description of the eDelphi research method, and implications of the learning approaches provide insight to different pedagogical practices that support successful online teaching and learning aligned with the learning approaches established by Generation Z. This generation bridges the bulk of K12 and undergraduate learners. As educators re-vision classrooms necessitated by the current educational climate, understanding the learning approaches of students provides a critical foundation on which educators can make pedagogical decisions that engage learners in online contexts.
TACTivities
Authors: Hodge-Zickerman Angie , Stade Eric , York Cindy S.
Published: July 2021

The need to keep students engaged is particularly acute in virtual environments. In this chapter, the authors describe TACTivities (learning activities with tactile components), designed to help encourage student participation, collaboration, and communication. Originally developed for in-person instruction, TACTivities are readily adaptable to online learning environments. TACTivities are intended to foster a sense of play, creative problem-solving, and exploration among the students who undertake to complete these tasks, and also among the teachers who design them. Unlike other tactile learning ventures, which may involve various kinds of physical props, TACTivities entail only moveable pieces of paper, or electronic equivalents. This feature means that TACTivities are quite portable, and they are easily implemented, shared, and modified (particularly in remote settings). Further, TACTivities allow for inclusion of discipline-specific content, language, and formalism, while still cultivating physical engagement in problem-solving and critical thinking in any subject area.
Virtual STEM Stories
Authors: Driskell Shannon O. , Pinnell Margaret F. , Sableski Mary-Kate
Published: July 2021

Literacy is critical for success in other areas, including science and engineering. As teachers responded to the demands of remote learning because of the COVID-19 pandemic, they developed innovative methods to teach both reading and STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) subjects in virtual environments. This chapter describes how one team of teachers adapted face-to-face STEM and literacy modules for a virtual environment. The authors describe the face-to-face modules and the process the teachers followed to transition them to a virtual environment. The Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate (ADDIE) framework—an approach to designing online learning—was used as a lens to analyze the process and the product of the virtual modules. Implications and recommendations for teachers seeking to adapt face-to-face lessons to a virtual environment are presented.
Promoting Higher Student Mathematics Achievement in Online Settings
Authors: Bullock Emma , Ray Amy , Cory Beth , Herron Julie
Published: July 2021

This chapter describes how the authors structured effective online mathematics content courses for pre-service teachers (PSTs) using the promoting higher student mathematics achievement in online settings (PHiSMAOS) conceptual framework. This framework focuses on the mathematics teacher educator (MTE) view from which they are using their technological content knowledge (TCK) to develop their PSTs' own technological knowledge (TK), content knowledge (CK), and TCK when in an online mathematics classroom setting. The PHiSMAOS conceptual framework then wraps this reality in the concepts of growth mindset and productive struggle, providing a pragmatic way for MTEs to productively promote growth mindset in PSTs' mathematics content classrooms in online settings. This framework was developed using grounded theory research techniques from data consisting of exit cards, video-recorded discussions, assignments, and test scores across seven semesters of the authors' courses. Implications for MTEs, use in K-12 settings, and further research are also discussed.
A Pre/Post Analysis of the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Psychosocial Work Environment and Recovery among Healthcare Workers in a Large University Hospital in Sweden
Authors: Jonsdottir Ingibjörg H. , Degl'Innocenti Alessio , Ahlstrom Linda , Finizia Caterina , Wijk Helle , Akerstrom Magnus
Published: July 2021

Background

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on workload, mental health, and well-being of healthcare workers, and particularly those on the front-line, has received considerable attention.

Design and methods

We surveyed hospital employees about their working environment during the pandemic and identified departments which were negatively affected in comparison to the pre-pandemic situation, as well as factors contributing to this. Setting and participants We surveyed all hospital employees at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden in September 2020 and compared results across departments and to the results of a large employee survey from October 2019.

Results

The overall impact of the pandemic on perceived working conditions and possibility for recovery differed among departments. During the pandemic, healthcare workers working with COVID-19 patients reported poorer working environments than other employees. Factors significantly related to perception of work environment and recovery during the pandemic included worries of being infected, departmental transfer, and having insufficient access to personal protective equipment. Men reported better working conditions than women in all, but one item and higher age was related to better perceived working environment.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that the pandemic differentially affects hospital departments and underscores the multifactorial nature of this topic. Contributing factors to poor perceived working environment could be addressed at times of high workload, such as during the pandemic, including providing appropriate support to managers, ensuring possibility for recovery during working hours, and acknowledging worries about infection. Young healthcare workers and staff who are relocated due to the pandemic warrant special attention.
Economic Inequality in Visual Impairment
Authors: Zarei Ehsan , Pakzad Reza , Yekta Abbasali , Amini Masoomeh , Sardari Sara , Khabazkhoob Mehdi
Published: July 2021

Purpose:

To determine economic inequality in visual impairment (VI) and its determinants in the rural population of Iran.

Methods:

In this population-based, cross-sectional study, 3850 individuals, aged 3–93 years were selected from the north and southwest regions of Iran using multi-staged stratified cluster random sampling. The outcome was VI, measured in 20 feet. Economic status was constructed using principal component analysis on home assets. The concentration index (C) was used to determine inequality, and the gap between low and high economic groups was decomposed to explained and unexplained portions using the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition method.

Results:

Of the 3850 individuals that were invited, 3314 participated in the study. The data of 3095 participants were finally analyzed. The C was −0.248 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.347 - −0.148), indicating a pro-poor inequality (concentration of VI in low economic group). The prevalence (95% CI) of VI was 1.72% (0.92–2.52) in the high economic group and 10.66% (8.84–12.48) in the low economic group with a gap of 8.94% (6.95–10.93) between the two groups. The explained and unexplained portions comprised 67.22% and 32.77% of the gap, respectively. Among the study variables, age (13.98%) and economic status (80.70%) were significant determinants of inequality in the explained portion. The variables of education (coefficient: −4.41; P < 0.001), age (coefficient: 14.09; P < 0.001), living place (coefficient: 6.96; P: 0.006), and economic status (coefficient: −7.37; P < 0.001) had significant effects on inequality in the unexplained portion.

Conclusions:

The result showed that VI had a higher concentration in the low economic group, and the major contributor of this inequality was economic status. Therefore, policymakers should formulate appropriate interventions to improve the economic status and alleviate economic inequality.
Neuroprotective Effect of Tephrosia purpurea Against Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Regulation of the Caspase3/9 and Pink1/Parkin Complexes
Authors: Kesh Swathi , Kannan Rajaretinam Rajesh
Published: July 2021

Background:

Tephrosia pupurea is a perennial shrub that has been widely incorporated in Indian traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. Recent studies have identified T. purpurea as a source of acetylcholine esterase inhibitors.

Aim:

In this study, we have established the potential of T. purpurea as a potential source of drugs against Parkinsonism using an oxidopamine (6-OHDA) model.

Methods:

Metabolomics profiling of T. purpurea extract (TPE) was obtained using the HR-LCMS method. Enzymatic activities of Catalase, Glutathione, Superoxide Dismutase and Malondialdehyde were measured in vitro. Reactive Oxygen Species generation capacity and the mitochondrial membrane potential were also determined. The zebrafish embryos were treated with oxidopamine along with varying concentrations of T. purpurea extract and the swimming pattern and total distance travelled was evaluated. The mRNA expression of mitophagy related genes were measured using RT-PCR studies.

Results:

The metabolite profile of T. purpurea identified the presence of various polyphenols such as Genistein, Esculetin, and Chrysin that have neuroprotective effects. 6-OHDA-induced PD causes an increase in oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species generation, and affects mitochondrial stability. There was a significant increase in the catalase, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase levels and a decrease in Malondialdehyde and Reactive Oxygen Species levels in cells treated with TPE when compared to 6-OHDA treated cells. We then treated zebrafish embryos with 6-OHDA along with varying concentrations of T. purpurea extract, and the mRNA expression and swimming pattern were evaluated. The embryos cotreated with TPE showed improved swim pattern similar to untreated embryos, whereas those treated with the positive control failed to do so. T. purpurea extract also significantly decreased the expressions of casp3, casp9, lrrk2, and increased pink1 and parkin expression.

Conclusion:

Our study identifies Tephrosia purpurea extract as a viable candidate against 6-OHDA induced-neurotoxicity, and further studies of its effect in models of neurodegenerative diseases are required.
Symptomatic Epidural Cement Leakage after Percutaneous Vertebroplasty
Authors: Modi Hitesh N. , Shrestha Utsab , Bhandari Nagesh , Patel Udit D.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this case report was to present successfully treated case of symptomatic cement leakage after percutaneous vertebroplasty procedure (PVP) with technical tips to avoid such injury and to present literature review. PVP is a simple solution to treat osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) if it is performed with right indications. Cement leak into spinal canal during PVP can lead to catastrophic accident and cause severe neurological deficit that requires an urgent exploration and removal of cement. To avoid medial pedicle breach, there should be a definitive guideline during PVP. An 81-year-old lady had PVP after injury for OVCF at D12. She developed severe neurological deficit immediately after the procedure; however, she was managed conservatively. On presentation to us, urgent investigations with CT scan revealed cement leak into spinal canal from medial pedicle breach extending from D10-12 level with severe cord compression. Her surgery was performed with wide laminectomy at D10-D12 levels with transpedicular stabilization D9-L2 along with neuromonitoring. Cement mass was isolated from the dura and removed achieving decompression of the cord. Postoperatively, patient showed significant neurological improvement and walked independently with the help of stick in three months. In conclusion, although PVP is a convenient solution for painful OVCF, care must be taken while considering this option such as timing, insertion of needle, viscosity of cement, and C-arm monitoring. If neurological deficit occurs, urgent CT scan for the diagnosis and exploration with removal of cement with or without stabilization is mandatory.
Cervical and Thoracolumbar Radiological Sagittal Parameters in Asymptomatic Indian Population
Authors: Pithwa Yogesh Kishorkant , Chandran Sanjeev Sankar , Rudravaram Vishnu Vardhan
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

There is a dearth of normative data for radiological sagittal parameters of asymptomatic Indians. The present study aimed to address this lacuna.

Materials and Methods:

Sagittal radiological parameters were studied in asymptomatic volunteers: seven lumbopelvic, i.e., pelvic index (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis (LL), cranial LL (crLL), caudal LL (caLL), PI-LL; three thoracic and thoracolumbar, i.e., thoracolumbar alignment (TL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), T1 slope (TS0); five cervical, i.e., cervical sagittal vertical axis (cSVA), cervical lordosis (CL), TS-CL, C2 slope (CS), C2 T1 pelvic angle (CTPA); and lastly, five global parameters: SVA, T9 spinopelvic inclination (T9SPI), T1 spinopelvic inclination (T1SPI), T1 pelvic angle (TPA), C2 pelvic angle (CPA) were studied.

Results:

Volunteers (n = 125) aged 41.49±12.93 years were included. Mean PI, PT, SS, LL, crLL, caLL, PI-LL, TL, TK, TS, cSVA, CL, TS-CL, CS, CTPA, SVA, T9SPI, T1SPI, TPA, and CPA were 47.23±8.04°, 13.4±6.61°, 33.68±4.59°, −56.19±7.83°, −22.71±9.82°, −45.02±10.07°, −7.83±9.4°, 9.99±11.17°, 22±7.33°, 4.88±7.64°, 34.77±12.2 mm, −6.36±10.99°, −0.5±10.02°, 2.56±9.53°, 3.54±1.04°, −36.49±23.4 mm, −10.89±2.75°, −7.88±2.17°, 5.52±6.82°, and 10.72±6.69°, respectively. As per Roussouly’s classification, the distribution for types I, II, III, and IV was 32 (25.6%), 41 (32.8%), 45 (36%), and 7 (5.6%), respectively. LL correlated significantly with PI, SS, and TK. TS had significant correlation with CL and TS-CL. cSVA significantly correlated with CL. PI-LL significantly correlated with TS-CL. CS significantly correlated with cSVA and TS-CL. TS-CL significantly correlated with cSVA. TPA correlated significantly with PT, SVA, PI, and PI-LL. CTPA correlated significantly with CL, cSVA, TK, and TS-CL. Males had significantly different SVA (−35.3 mm), TK (22.4°), TS (6.2°), TPA (6.35°), cSVA (37.1 mm), and CTPA (3.95°) when compared with females (−58.4 mm, 17.2°, −0.15°, 0.3°, 24.95 mm, and 2.85°, respectively) (P = 0.008, 0.003, 0.002, 0.003, 0.002, and 0.0005, respectively).

Conclusion:

Normative data for sagittal profile in Indian volunteers, enunciated in this study, can be used to guide decisions in surgery.
Studies on natural and fallout radioactivity mapping of the proposed Mithivirdi Atomic Power Project Site in Bhavnagar District, Gujarat, India
Authors: Patra Akhaya Kumar , Jaison T. J. , Wagh S. S. , Jha M. K. , Saradhi I. V. , Kumar A. Vinod
Published: July 2021

The activity and gamma-absorbed dose rate due to the naturally occurring (226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) and anthropogenic (137Cs) radionuclides in the terrestrial environment were determined in soil samples collected around Mithivirdi Atomic Power Project Site, Bhavnagar District, Gujarat, by using gamma-ray spectrometry. The mean concentration levels measured in soil from the naturally occurring radioisotopes 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K are lower than the corresponding global average values reported worldwide. 137Cs activity in the soil sample is comparable with the preoperational baseline level activity of other nuclear power plant sites in India. The total outdoor effective dose rates due to soil ranged 16.7–79.5 μSv/y with the median value of 34.3 μSv/y. The absorbed dose rate due to cosmic components around Mithivirdi site was found to be in the range of 44.4–90.6 nGy/h.