bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breast Cancers Are Immunogenic: Immunologic Analyses and a Phase II Pilot Clinical Trial Using Mutation-Reactive Autologous Lymphocytes
Authors: Zacharakis Nikolaos , Huq Lutfi M. , Seitter Samantha J. , Kim Sanghyun P. , Gartner Jared J. , Sindiri Sivasish , Hill Victoria K. , Li Yong F. , Paria Biman C. , Ray Satyajit , Gasmi Billel , Lee Chyi-chia , Prickett Todd D. , Parkhurst Maria R. , Robbins Paul F. , Langhan Michelle M. , Shelton Thomas E. , Parikh Anup Y. , Levi Shoshana T. , Hernandez Jonathan M. , Hoang Chuong D. , Sherry Richard M. , Yang James C. , Feldman Steven A. , Goff Stephanie L. , Rosenberg Steven A.
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE

Metastatic breast cancer (mBrCa) is most often an incurable disease with only modest responses to available immunotherapies. This study investigates the immunogenicity of somatic mutations in breast cancer and explores the therapeutic efficacy in a pilot trial of mutation-reactive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in patients with metastatic disease.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Forty-two patients with mBrCa refractory to previous lines of treatment underwent surgical resection of a metastatic lesion(s), isolation of TIL cultures, identification of exomic nonsynonymous tumor mutations, and immunologic screening for neoantigen reactivity. Clinically eligible patients with appropriate reactivity were enrolled into one cohort of an ongoing phase II pilot trial of adoptive cell transfer of selected neoantigen-reactive TIL, with a short course of pembrolizumab (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01174121 ).

RESULTS

TILs were isolated and grown in culture from the resected lesions of all 42 patients with mBrCa, and a median number of 112 (range: 6-563) nonsynonymous mutations per patient were identified. Twenty-eight of 42 (67%) patients contained TIL that recognized at least one immunogenic somatic mutation (median: 3 neoantigens per patient, range: 1-11), and 13 patients demonstrated robust reactivity appropriate for adoptive transfer. Eight patients remained clinically eligible for treatment, and six patients were enrolled on a protocol of adoptive cell transfer of enriched neoantigen-specific TIL, in combination with pembrolizumab (≤ 4 doses). Objective tumor regression was noted in three patients, including one complete response (now ongoing over 5.5 years) and two partial responses (6 and 10 months).

CONCLUSION

Most patients with breast cancer generated a natural immune response targeting the expressed products of their cancer mutations. Adoptive transfer of TIL is a highly personalized experimental option for patients with mBrCa shown to be capable of mediating objective responses in this pilot trial and deserves further study.
Direct Compaction Drug Product Process Modeling
Authors: Russell Alexander , Strong John , Garner Sean , Ketterhagen William , Long Michelle , Capece Maxx
Published: February 2022

Most challenges during the development of solid dosage forms are related to the impact of any variations in raw material properties, batch size, or equipment scales on the product quality and the control of the manufacturing process. With the ever pertinent restrictions on time and resource availability versus heightened expectations to develop, optimize, and troubleshoot manufacturing processes, targeted and robust science-based process modeling platforms are essential. This review focuses on the modeling of unit operations and practices involved in batch manufacturing of solid dosage forms by direct compaction. An effort is made to highlight the key advances in the past five years, and to propose potentially beneficial future study directions.
Climatic Media
Authors: Furuhata Yuriko
Published: February 2022

In Climatic Media, Yuriko Furuhata traces climate engineering from the early twentieth century to the present, emphasizing the legacies of Japan’s empire building and its Cold War alliance with the United States. Furuhata boldly expands the scope of media studies to consider technologies that chemically “condition” Earth’s atmosphere and socially “condition” the conduct of people, focusing on the attempts to monitor and modify indoor and outdoor atmospheres by Japanese scientists, technicians, architects, and artists in conjunction with their American counterparts. She charts the geopolitical contexts of what she calls climatic media by examining a range of technologies such as cloud seeding and artificial snowflakes, digital computing used for weather forecasting and weather control, cybernetics for urban planning and policing, Nakaya Fujiko’s fog sculpture, and the architectural experiments of Tange Lab and the Metabolists, who sought to design climate-controlled capsule housing and domed cities. Furuhata’s transpacific analysis offers a novel take on the elemental conditions of media and climate change.
Studies on interactions and transport coefficients of ions in gases
Authors: Κούτσελος Ανδρέας
Published: February 2022

Η διατριβή περιλαμβάνει την παραγωγή σχέσεων για τον υπολογισμό συντελεστών διασποράς που εμφανίζονται στην ανάπτυξη των διαμοριακών δυναμικών σε ασυμπτωτικές σειρές, την κατασκευή προτύπου διαμοριακού δυναμικού για την περιγραφή συστημάτων ιόντων- ευγενών αερίων, καθώς και την ανάπτυξη σχέσεων για την παραγωγή συντελεστών διάχυσης ιόντων σε αέρια από την ευκινησία και τις διαμοριακές αλληλεπιδράσεις. Οι σχέσεις αυτές ονομάζονται "Γενικευμένες σχέσεις Αϊνστάιν", (Generalized Einstein Relations), και βασίζονται στην αναλυτική επίλυση της Wang Chang- Uhlenbeck- de Boer κινητικής εξίσωσης γιά την κίνηση μοριακών ιόντων σε αέρια υπό την επίδραση ηλεκτροστατικού πεδίου.
Policy Brief 4: Social norms, mental models and other behavioural drivers of petty corruption
Authors: Baez Camargo Claudia , Kassa Saba
Published: February 2022

This policy brief summarises the main findings and lessons learned from research on corruption, social norms and behaviours in Tanzania. While the findings show that petty corruption is prevalent and results in inequitable public service delivery, they also inform that citizen and public officials’ attitudes and behaviours towards corruption are shifting as a result of changes in the political environment.

The evidence furthermore suggests that the effectiveness of conventional anti-corruption approaches may be enhanced by incorporating behavioural insights about entrenched social norms and collective understandings that are associated with practices of bribery and favouritism.
Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Shelley’s The Cenci: Versification
Authors: Tarlinskaja Marina
Published: February 2022

The article describes the development of English iambic pentameter during 260 years, 1561–1821. The evolution of the versification went in waves: strict (Renaissance) – loose (Baroque) – strict (Classicism) – loose (Romanticism); the periods developed “over the head” of adjacent periods. The similarity of the Renaissance and Classicism vs. Baroque and Romanticism was probably rhythmical homonymy rather than imitation. The article reveals the versification similarity of Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Shelley’s The Cenci. The similarity of versification added to the noticed earlier similarity of motifs, phraseology and vocabulary.
Russian Binary Meters. Part Two. Chapters 5–6
Authors: Taranovsky Kiril , Feinberg Lawrence E.
Published: February 2022

Part I of Russian Binary Meters, the English translation of Kiril Taranovsky’s classic study Ruski dvodelni ritmovi (Taranovsky 1953), appeared in volume 7.2 (2020) of Studia Metrica et Poetica (pp. 110–176). Part I bears the title (inadvertently omitted from our translation) “Theoretical Bases for the Study of Russian Binary Meters”, and consists of the first four of the book’s nineteen sections. Following are the first two sections of Part II (“Historical Development of the Rhythmic Drive of Russian Binary Meters”), devoted, respectively, to the trochaic and iambic tetrameter. The reader should bear in mind that the numbering of sections and footnotes is continuous with the earlier installment, beginning here with Section 5 and footnote 71.
SOME ASPECTS OF SOCIAL CHANGE IN THE TRADITIONAL ECONOMY OF THE NORTH OF YAKUTIA IN THE LATE 1980S - 1990S
Authors: Sannikova Yana M.
Published: February 2022

Background. This problem requires a study and a comprehensive analysis of the social changes in the northern villages and how they affected the traditional economy of the indigenous peoples of Yakutia.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study some aspects of social changes in the traditional economy of the North of Yakutia on the eve and during the post-Soviet transformations.

Materials and methods. Archival sources and the results of research by Northern scientists of the 1990s on the study of general and local social problems of northern villages and indigenous workers were used. When studying the topic, a chronologically problematic approach was used. The analysis of the issues was carried out using comparative, retrospective, statistical methods.

Results. From archival documents, specific examples of social changes in the farms of Northerners at the turn of the last decades of the twentieth century are highlighted, especially in terms of wages and housing. Some results of research by Northern scientists conducted in the 1990s are shown. They outlined the general social problems of the northern villages, the specific consequences of the activities of the new tribal communities of indigenous peoples. The necessity of further research of this problem is actualized.

Practical implications. The results obtained are the basis for further interdisciplinary research. Also, conclusions and local examples can be used as local history material on humanitarian specialties in educational institutions of various levels. This problem requires a study and a comprehensive analysis of the social changes in the northern villages and how they affected the traditional economy of the indigenous peoples of Yakutia.
PROFESSORS OF LIFE SCIENCES DEPARTMENTS OF THE UNIVERSITIES OF RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE 1850S – 1860S AND THE “SECOND IMPORTATION” OF SCIENCE
Authors: Zharova Ekaterina Iu.
Published: February 2022

Purpose. The purpose of this article is systematizing data on the internships ofprofessors of natural sciences and the introduction of the laboratory method in teaching related to the “second import” of science to Russia.
Methodology. The main methods are the methods of analyze and synthesis, the comparative and historical genetic methods.
Results. The importance of voluminous internships for professorial fellows at the turn of the 1850s-60s for preparing professors after the critical situation in universities after the “gloomy seven years” and the simultaneous aging of the professors’ corporation, which was caused by the reforms of S.S. Uvarov, is well known. However, it should be noted that in the field of natural sciences, the role of internships is even more significant since they should be associated with the the “second importation” of science to Russia. The fact that such an import took place was written by K.A. Timiryazev at the end of the 19th century. Althoughhe called it "the awakening of natural science". Even him, who was an adherent of leftist views criticizing the government, he could not help but admit that in the case of the turn of the 1850-60s science developed with the assistance of the state. And it was precisely this assistance that provided such a significant number of professors who completed internships in the most famous scientific centers in Europe. That was significant for the widespread dissemination of the laboratory teaching method and the adaptation of the German idea of Wissenschaft in Russia.
Conclusions. Changes in the teaching of natural sciences at universities in the 1860s were a direct consequence of the voluminous internships of professorial fellows, most of whom were practicing in Paris and Heidelberg. And as we can associate with Paris the very principle of working in a laboratory for specialists with a certain experience and level of knowledge, then it is Heidelberg and other university cities in Germany that were in charge for transferring of the laboratory method of teaching students included those ones who just started their education.
Przysposobienie i absorpcja
Authors: Maniak Katarzyna , Kurpiel Anna
Published: February 2022

Artykuł omawia formy prezentacji przedwojennego dziedzictwa niemieckiego w wybranych muzeach Wrocławia i Szczecina: Centrum Historii Zajezdni we Wrocławiu, Muzeum Miejskim Wrocławia, Muzeum Narodowe w Szczecinie — Centrum Dialogu Przełomy oraz Muzeum Historii Szczecina. Autorzy analizują wyłaniające się z wystaw wizje wspólnoty i relacji polsko-niemieckich. Zwrócono również uwagę na reakcje afektywne, jakie wywołują tworzone narracje oraz wybrane środki wyrazu – przedmioty/rekwizyty – które są wykorzystywane do konstruowania wystaw. Wreszcie autorzy proponują koncepcje adopcji i absorpcji i stosują je do definiowania formuł reprezentacji dziedzictwa.
Collecting Corona (Corona Sammeln)
Authors: Heck Brigette , Thiel Sonja
Published: February 2022

The coronavirus pandemic has  posed major challenges to the museum landscape. Not only because their presence was not perceivable for a long period of time, but also because their social significance was re-located. "System relevance" was the characteristic that decided whether a museum was to be opened or closed in Germany. Many of my colleagues working in cultural history museums and in charge of collections got involved in this discussion constructively and used the opportunities to participate in social discourse, collection initiatives, and collegial cooperation. The article gives an overview of the ongoing process, different theoretical and practical approaches and focuses on the example of the Baden State Museum in Karlsruhe - a cultural history museum with expertise in participatory contemporary projects.
Ekowerwa w kulturze
Authors: Pałasz Michał , Tabaka Joanna
Published: February 2022

Artykuł to efekt współpracy między, zajmującymi się rozwojem kadr kultury i zarządzaniem kulturą, akademikiem i praktyczką. Podjęto ją dla kreowania w sektorze kultury i badań nad nim ekowerwy, rozumianej jako praktyczne działania w obliczu kryzysu klimatyczno-ekologicznego. Tekst zarysowuje historię zrównoważonego rozwoju, diagnozuje powagę kryzysu i syntetyzuje próby stawiania mu czoła przez społeczność międzynarodową, także w kraju. Część teoretyczną zamyka rozważenie sensu terminu „zrównoważony rozwój” i jego powiązań z kulturą. Część empiryczna ilustruje ekowerwę w kulturze przykładami, w oparciu o autoetnograficzne studium tworzenia dwóch aktualnych publikacji poświęconych „zazielenianiu” sektora kultury, pogłębione przez swobodny wywiad z ich autorką, a także sygnalizuje ekowerwę w muzeach. Podsumowanie zastępuje manifest podkreślający kardynalną w obliczu kryzysu klimatyczno-ekologicznego rolę równoważenia zarządzania kulturą i poprzez nie, we wszystkich jego sensach.
Analytical Solution to a Discrete-Time Model for Dynamic Learning and Decision Making
Authors: Zhang Hao
Published: February 2022

Problems concerning dynamic learning and decision making are difficult to solve analytically. We study an infinite-horizon discrete-time model with a constant unknown state that may take two possible values. As a special partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP), this model unifies several types of learning-and-doing problems such as sequential hypothesis testing, dynamic pricing with demand learning, and multiarmed bandits. We adopt a relatively new solution framework from the POMDP literature based on the backward construction of the efficient frontier(s) of continuation-value vectors. This framework accommodates different optimality criteria simultaneously. In the infinite-horizon setting, with the aid of a set of signal quality indices, the extreme points on the efficient frontier can be linked through a set of difference equations and solved analytically. The solution carries structural properties analogous to those obtained under continuous-time models, and it provides a useful tool for making new discoveries through discrete-time models.

This paper was accepted by Baris Ata, stochastic models and simulation.
Simulation-Based Prediction
Authors: Lim Eunji , Glynn Peter W.
Published: February 2022

Predicting Shortages in a Supply Chain Using Simulation

A supply chain shortage is a serious problem that can lead to assembly plant shutdowns. However, predicting such shortages using simulation poses a challenge, because the information necessary to initialize such a supply chain simulation is often only partially observable in many real-world applications. In “Simulation-Based Prediction,” Lim and Glynn investigate this problem. They formulate such a prediction problem as the problem of computing the conditional expectation of the quantity of interest, given the observed state of the system. Simulation can be easily applied to computing such a conditional expectation when the simulation state is fully observed in the real system. Lim and Glynn propose a new simulation methodology appropriate to the many settings in which the observed current state does not fully determine the simulation’s initial state. With the use of such methods, simulation has the potential to more accurately predict upcoming supply chain bottlenecks and to enhance predictions in the many other problem settings where simulation is commonly used.
Schoolchildren's reading literacy formation in the literature lessons under the conditions of distant learning
Authors:   Institute of Pedagogy of the NAPS of Ukraine, Diachok Svitlana
Published: February 2022

The importance of timely qualitative formation of one of the universal reading competience, which is most successfully formed in the literature lessons is pointed out in the article. The urgency of the teaching literature lessons in the context of distant learning is emphasised, as most all levels educational institutions from time to timedue to the pandamy are forced to organisze the educational process online. Therefore, there is a need to determine the effective organization of appropriate, rational and productive distant learning in the process of which students' reading literacy would be succesfully formed and its high level would ensure success in other areas and would be the basis of the competitive personality formation. Pecularities of the student's reading literacy in the literature lessons formation under the condition of distant learning are revealed in the materials of the article. Methods of work at the Ukrainian literature lessons which shoul be used in the course of students' reading literacy formation under the conditions of distant learning are presented. An important role is assigned to the motivational stage. At the same time the appropriate samples of competency-oriented tasks and electronic resources which will contribute to the better formation of reader literacy under the conditions of distant learning are proposed. Particular attention is paid to the assessment of students' educational outcomes. Therefore, the article offers the most effective electronic resources for this stage of the literature lesson in terms of distant learning. The question of evaluating the student's educational results are specified in the article. So, the most effective electronic resources for this stage of the lesson in terms of distant learning are suggested in the article. The specifics of some are noted, as not all of them provide an opportunity to improve students' reading literacyeven in the assessment process. The article emphasizes the factors, the teacher must take into account when choosing ways while presenting materials and work on literature lessons online and the conditions for the successful formation of students' reading competience.
Features of mastering by the child of preschool age of the basic laws of grammatical structure of native language
Authors:   Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University, Kruty Kateryna , Desnova Iryna ,   Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University, Blashkova Olena ,   Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University
Published: February 2022

The article actualizes the problems of grammatically correct speech formation in preschool children. The conditional standard of norm of mastering by the child of preschool age of a native language is revealed.With the help of longitudinal and scientific research of well-known Ukrainian and foreign authors on the formation of grammatically correct speech in preschool children, which cover all ages and the whole grammatical structure of speech (morphology, word formation, syntax) the current results and valuable experience of the process of speech formation of children of early and preschool age are highlighted. The appropriate use of the term «genesis» of the grammatical structure of the language of a preschool child is proposed, which refers to the appearance, development and formation of this process in children. The so-called «free» or unstimulated speech of preschoolers, depleted in their vocabulary and grammatical forms, is mentioned. The importance of controlling a child's speech by an adult and the use of effective means of stimulating is emphasized. Attention is paid to the problem of formation of grammatical structure of language in preschoolers, which is relevant for adults to understand for the development of children's speech. An attempt is made to generalize the genesis of children's speech and identify stages of speech and speech development of preschool children. The results of the author's researches of children on the material of stimulated and unstimulated speech on the example of adjective adverbs are demonstrated. The importance of further study of the functional aspect of the formation of grammatically correct speech and the disclosure of language and speech potentials of children is emphasized.
Testing as one of the methods of pedagogical measurement
Authors:   Institute of Pedagogy of the NAPS of Ukraine, Khoroshkovska-Nosach Tetiana
Published: February 2022

The article updates information about testing as one of the objective methods of pedagogical measurement. The author analyzes different views of foreign and domestic researchers on the concept of "testing". It was found that it is considered as a method, tool, measuring instrument, task, set of questions, set of test tasks, concluded under certain rules, and which differs from the examination work in terms of involving measurement. The article reveals basic requirements for structuring the test, as well as for tasks in test form. The author concludes that all tasks in test form may be divided in two types: open and closed, which in turn have certain modifications; the features of each type of test tasks are described in detail, their advantages and disadvantages are indicated. The article analyzes the quality criteria of the test, namely: its validity, reliability, representativeness, efficiency, or processability, cost-effectiveness, and complexity of tasks. In addition, the article highlights the advantages and disadvantages of testing comparing with other methods of monitoring the results of educational and cognitive activities of students. It is concluded that the use of testing as an objective method of measuring knowledge, skills and abilities is expedient. It is noted that in order to prevent subjectivism in evaluation of the results of educational and cognitive activities of students, special measurement scales should be used, namely: normative, ordinal and rating; features of application of each of these scales are being considered.
The specifics of the organization of group work in preschool educational institutions
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Shkarupa Yelyzaveta
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the specifics of the organization of group work in preschool educational institutions. The author revealed the essence of the concepts «group» «group work», «head of the group». It is emphasized the importance of group activities in preschool educational institutions, its significant pedagogical potential. It is determined that the content and effectiveness of the work of the group depend on the correct organization, preparation and conduct of classes. The effectiveness of the formation and development of creative abilities in group work mostly depends on the ability of the head to organize the creative activities of children, if the tasks for children are available, then they will work easily and interestingly. The types and methods of organization and conduct of group work in preschool educational institutions are analyzed. It is proved that the management of group work in preschool educational institutions has certain features, requirements and rules of compliance.
Bringing up children in the family: modern ways and traditional values
Authors:   Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University, Voloshina Oksana
Published: February 2022

The article reveals the main changing tendencies of the organization of family education in the conditions of a sociocultural situation of market economy. The socio-economic problems of modern families are identified and characterized: the crisis of the demographic situation; adaptation of the modern family to the deterioration of their financial and economic situation; orphanhood, semi-orphanhood; the refugee problem associated with the war in the east; changes in family structure; weakening the natural institution of motherhood; decreased reproductive function of the family; changes in the performance of social functions of the family. Ways to increase the effectiveness of parental influence on the formation of the culture of the younger generation are identified. The possibilities of family upbringing in the formation of the spiritual world of the individual through the prism of the formation of value orientations and attitudes, on which depends and which determines the integrity and nature of interaction with society. The article identifies and analyzes the features of personality-oriented approach to education in the modern family, emphasizes the need to pay attention to the world of the child, preserving its subjectivity, taking into account individual development. The personality-oriented approach is considered in comparison with the one-sided approach, which has become widespread in the family environment. Emphasis is placed on the complexity of implementing a personality-oriented approach in the organization, determining the content and choosing methods of family education. The effectiveness of the organization of personality-oriented education and the role of parents in its implementation are revealed.
Preparation for the development and use of gender pedagogical games in the educational process of primary school on the basis of subject-object-subject approach
Authors:   Municipal Institution ", Ilina Olena ,   Kharkiv Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy",   of the Kharkiv Regional Council, Otroshko Tetiana ,   Municipal Institution "Kharkiv Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy" of the Kharkiv Regional Council
Published: February 2022

The article reveals the issue of preparation for the development and use of gender pedagogical games in the educational process of primary school on the basis of subject-object-subject approach. It was found that one of the main tasks of higher education is a professionally competent future specialist who is able to think freely and actively, independently generate and implement new ideas and technologies of teaching and education. An analysis of recent research and publications. Based on the generalization of theoretical positions and concepts «gender», «culture», «gender culture», the essence of the concept «culture of gender relations of junior schoolchildren» is revealed. Selected components of the gender of primary school age: the ability to identify with members of the same sex; the ability to relate their gender behavior to the behavior of others; knowledge of «female» and «male» activities, professions; external and internal aspects of masculinity and femininity; ideas about the partnership nature of family life; humane treatment of adults, peers of the same and opposite sex; types of gender representations; elements of knowledge about gender; sources; game activity. The structure of gender pedagogical games on the basis of subject-object-subject interaction is determined. It is substantiated that certain conditions should be taken into account for the organization of gender pedagogical games. Game techniques are offered for creation of gender pedagogical games. It is concluded that the use of gender pedagogical games based on subject-object-subject relations will lead to the successful development of the child as a whole.
Communicative-speech development of primary schoolchildren by means of educational-situational tasks
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Pravova Ninel
Published: February 2022

In the article the problem of communication and speech developement of junior schoolchildren by means of educational-situational exercices are considered. Sciantists approaches for concept definition of communication and speech developement of primary school’s pupils were analyzed. Was determined that current definition was appeared because of question updating of language studying in communication aspect and consideration of the theory of communicational knowladge in case of speech developement. Attention is focused on the understanding by researchers of communicative-speech development as a process of formation of a linguistic / speech personality, which have intelligent methods of communication in various communicative-speech situations, using knowledge of the language and skills of speech activity. On the basis of the analysis of scientific literature, the communicative-speech skills, which should be the result of the communicative-speech development of junior schoolchildren, are highlighted. Various points of view on understanding the content of the concept of "situational task" are presented. The conclusion is formulated that the substantive basis of this concept is the speech situation as a system of relations between the participants in communication, which is based on certain conditions and circumstances of communication. The situation stimulates and generates a statement, programs its content, form and implementation. The factors that prove the expediency of using the technique of forming a speech situation at the lessons of the Ukrainian language and literary reading for the communicative-speech development of younger students are considered.
Features of pedagogical communication in the context of speech genres
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Mordovtseva Nataliia
Published: February 2022

The article focuses on the theoretical disclosure of basic concepts on the problem of pedagogical communication of future primary school teachers, the peculiarities of language genres. The teacher's ability to organize work in the classroom largely determines the performance of pedagogical interaction. First, the teacher uses typical speech organization models - speech genres. It is noted that the pedagogical speech genre is a historically established unit of professionally oriented communication, which is characterized by a special communicative task, a certain content, methods of speech and the expected reaction of the interlocutor, as well as an environment that allows the language concept to be fully realized. Some approaches of scientists on the definition of the concepts of «pedagogical communication», «genre of speech», «speech genre», classification of genres are presented. It is emphasized that a competent choice of language means, mastery of all genres of pedagogical speech testifies to the language competence of the teacher. Any genre is a complex model that includes several components. The choice of each of the genres is based on the implementation of the task of language pedagogical communication, which was set by the teacher. The participation of future teachers in the construction of pedagogical discourse will help them in the future to independently build a model of any pedagogical or social phenomenon in accordance with the norms of cultural activities.
Educational component "Family reading" as a factor in the formation of literary and communicative competence of applicants for higher education
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Tsalapova Oksana
Published: February 2022

The article reveals the problem of acquainting applicants for higher education with the educational component of free choice «Family Reading», the purpose of which is to form an understanding of the process of family reading as part of humanities education; to give an idea of the main trends in the development of literature for children and youth at the present stage, its genre-style, thematic diversity; regularities of the theory and methods of literary education of the child as a component of the general development of the personality. The text of the article reflects the principles of organization, methods and model of family reading, stated in the educational component and indicates the thematic scope of the course. In particular, it is noted that it has a number of features related to the atmosphere and the supply of material in the process of reading in the family: 1. Family reading is based on the practice of «reading aloud», as opposed to «reading to yourself». In addition, there are other forms of acquaintance with the literary treasury: watching movies or animations based on works of art, staging, dramatization, etc. 2. Family reading involves joint (but not collective) action, where the mandatory component is the «voice of the child», felt at the stage of selection of the text, its reading and discussion, as well as at the stage of using the acquired information after reading. 3. Family reading, in contrast to other types of educational reading, simultaneously implements almost all the important functions (cognitive, educational, developmental, entertaining, communicative). Thus, the educational component «Family Reading» considers the possible prospects of stabilization of applicants for higher education interest in reading as a guarantee of the formation of further reading development. The competency approach, stated as the main formant of the component, is designed to become a solid foundation for professional development and further growth of the applicant for higher education, as the ability to interpret, analyze the text and methodically present it is the basis of professional success.
Communicative competence as a component of design thinking
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Varianytsia Liudmyla
Published: February 2022

The article focuses on the notion of communicative competence. It also defines and characterizes the structural components of design thinking, including empathasing, focusing, ideation, prototyping and testing. The skills and abilities associated with the communicative competence and applied at every phase of design thinking are determined. The main abilities of the communicative competence which are important for design thinking include the abilities to establish rapport with people, provide for relaxed communication, control one’s own emotions, analyse the situation, listen and understand what is being said.
Application of feedback in autonomous learning of foreign language communication
Authors:   Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University, Dmitrenko Natalia , Budas Yuliia ,   Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University
Published: February 2022

The article deals with the use of feedback in the autonomous learning of foreign language communication of students in higher education institutions. The authors analyzed the scientific and methodological literature on the research topic, identified the main methodological fundamentals for the feedback application and provided recommendations for the use of feedback in the autonomous learning of foreign language communication of students in higher education institutions. The article identifies the levels of student autonomy, reveals the essence of the outcome and cognitive feedback, as well as the features of internal and external feedback. According to the developed abilities, the levels of student’s autonomy can be the following: a high / advanced level, a moderate / intermediate level, a low / beginning level. It is cleared out that the most frequent outcome feedback gives learners little advice on their own self-study. Scientists often compare cognitive feedback with outcome feedback. The latter also recommends some ways of dealing with difficulties. It is stated that the internal feedback is invoked by students’ monitoring of themselves and links their past outcomes with the expected. Simultaneously, students get external feedback from numerous sources. It can be spontaneous or conscious and intended. Feedback has been found to be a prerequisite for effective foreign language learning for students with different levels of autonomy.
Modern aspects of practical training in higher education
Authors:   MI ", Kapustina Olena ,   Kharkiv Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy",   of the Kharkiv Regional Council, Bakumenko Tetiana ,   MI "Kharkiv Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy" of the Kharkiv Regional Council
Published: February 2022

The article considers the issue of practical training of students as an important condition for the formation of professional qualities of a specialist. It is emphasized that the process of training in a pedagogical institution of higher education should focus on the acquisition of theoretical knowledge, development of the teacher, his professional and personal qualities, and practice – on a combination of theory and practical skills. It is established that the practical training of students orients them to the knowledge of pedagogical phenomena, facts, patterns and principles of teaching and education, allows students to assess the degree of their own readiness to carry out independent pedagogical activities. It is investigated that the issues of practical training in higher education are covered by modern scientists in various aspects. It is generalized that the practice – method of research of the educational process by trainees, which aims to develop skills and abilities that are necessary in future professional activities, as well as to consolidate theoretical knowledge and learn to apply them in working with children. The responsibilities of teachers-supervisors and students during the internship are formulated. It is concluded that practical training is really an important condition for the formation of professional qualities of the specialist, so during the internship, students, performing the functional duties of a teacher, gain their own pedagogical experience. The main professional qualities are defined: professional thinking, professional orientation, communicative qualities, organizational qualities, critical view of one's knowledge, interest in children's destiny, ability to anticipate and predict, etc.
Models of blended learning and approaches to their selection in the educational process of higher education
Authors:   H. S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, Tkachov Artem , Makhnovsky Serhii ,   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University
Published: February 2022

The article states that one of the strategic directions of modernization of higher education today is to provide a scientifically sound combination of online and offline learning formats. In light of this, the purpose of the article is to identify the main models of blended learning and disclose approaches to their selection in the educational process of higher education. It has been established that blended learning means all-in-one educational system that comprehensively combines different methods and forms of educational activities of its subjects online and offline. Based on the study of the scientific literature, it was established that one of the most well-known classifications of blended learning models is the classification of H. Stacker and M. Horn that includes the following models: Rotation (provides a sequential alternation of online and offline learning); Flex (online learning mode prevails); Self-blend (students study full-time and additionally study online courses); Enriched-Virtual Model (students’ study time is divided between educational activities in classrooms and remotely). As it was identified in the study, some scientists offer various recommendations for the teacher to choose a specific model of learning from possible options or create your own model. It was concretized that L. D. Fink recommends to choose a model by taking specific steps, including the following: to identify and evaluate various situational factors; to determine the learning objectives of the course; to consider the ways of ensuring the implementation of feedback and evaluation; to consider the course and a content of teaching and learning activities; to ensure the system integrity of all components of the designed educational process; to develop a learning strategy; to make the general scheme of educational activity of students; to specify how the system of assessment of student learning outcomes will be implemented; to predict what difficulties may arise in the educational process; to bring to the notice of applicants the necessary information about the learning process; to identify the necessary current feedback and the ways to obtain it.
To the problem of forming the culture of communication of future teachers: history and modernity
Authors:   MI ", Kuznetsova Oksana ,   Kharkiv Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy",   of the Kharkiv Regional Council, Odarchenko Veronika ,   MI "Kharkiv Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy" of the Kharkiv Regional Council, Pishokha Mariia ,   MI "Kharkiv Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy" of the Kharkiv Regional Council
Published: February 2022

The article reveals the problems of forming a culture of communication of future teachers in the historical context and at the present stage of development. As a result of the analysis of the scientific literature in the course of work the concepts of communication and culture of communication are defined. The functions of communication between teacher and student are singled out. The specifics of management of professional training of future teachers, which is determined by the understanding of the essence of their professional culture, and is determined by value orientations in society, psychological, pedagogical and professional knowledge and skills, moral and ethical, motivational and volitional and reflexive-communicative qualities, communication culture. Approaches to managing the formation of communication culture of future teachers are analyzed.
Caring for patients with congenital heart disease: a nationwide survey of nurses' educational needs
Authors: Griffiths Linda , Seaton Sarah , Lotto Robyn
Published: February 2022

Background/Aims

Around one in 130 babies are born with some form of congenital heart defect. Advances in treatment have resulted in increasing numbers of these individuals surviving with complex disease; around 90% survive into adult life. In order for these patients to receive high-quality care throughout their lives, it is imperative that nurses are educated appropriately. This study explored the educational needs of nurses who encounter this group of patients.

Methods

A survey designed by the British Adult Congenital Cardiac Association was distributed to all congenital heart disease networks in the UK, as well as on social media and via networks and forums for nurses and allied health professionals. The survey took place between 4 June 2020 and 6 July 2020. Responses were analysed using summary statistics.

Results

A total of 513 survey responses were received from nurses and allied health professionals. Band 5 nurses reported a higher level of anxiety about caring for patients with congenital heart defect (17.9%) than average for the study population (12.5%). In the previous 2 years, nearly one-third of the band 5 staff had received no training. Respondents who worked in non-congenital heart defect centres reported that learning to manage care for patients with congenital heart defects, manage emergencies and have a simple understanding of the condition should be an educational priority. Local taught study days were identified as the most desirable means of learning.

Conclusions

While education within specialist centres appears to be developed and well-embedded, junior nurses (band 5), and particularly those working in non-cardiac units, are being left behind. Easy access information about emergency care and simple descriptions of care requirements would benefit nurses who rarely encounter congenital heart defect patients. Including the fundamentals of care within the nursing curriculum could provide a base from which nurses can develop. Preferences for accredited study sessions support the need for further development of postgraduate education.
Phytochemical analysis and in-vitro antimicrobial screening of the leaf extract of Senna occidentalis (Fabaceae)
Authors: TAMASI A.A. , Shoge Mansurat Oluwatoyin , ADEGBOYEGA T.T. , CHUKWUMA E.C.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Tamasi AA, Shoge MO, Adegboyega TT, Chukwuma EC. 2021. Phytochemical analysis and in-vitro antimicrobial screening of the leaf extract of Senna occidentalis (Fabaceae). Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 19: 57-64. Due to the use of Senna occidentalis as an antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and antibacterial agent traditionally, this study examined the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the isolated methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane fractions of the leaves of Senna occidentalis. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses were carried out using standard procedures. Antimicrobial activity was performed by using standard procedures against known common clinical isolates. Qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the abundant presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and terpenoids in the ethyl acetate fraction. Cardiac glycosides were not detected in all the tested isolated fractions while steroids were found to be present and abundant in ethyl acetate and hexane fractions respectively. Quantitative phytochemical analysis showed that the methanol fraction contained 4%w/w alkaloids, 0.51%w/w flavonoids, 9.5%w/w saponins, 1.3%w/w tannins 5.5%w/w terpenoids, and 0.6%w/w total phenol content. The antimicrobial susceptibility test shows a range of inhibitory zone of 10-16 mm. Hexane fraction has the highest zone of inhibition against Candida albicans. The lowest MIC values of 0.6mg/mL and 0.2mg/mL were observed in ethyl acetate fraction against Candida albicans and Escherichia coli respectively. The highest MIC was 20mg/mL was observed in the ethyl acetate fraction against Staphylococcus aureus. The MMC values were varied widely. The MMC value against Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, and Trichophyton rubrum was 5mg/mL while the MMC value against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli was 20mg/mL. The results from this study show that the leaves of Senna occidentalis can serve as a potential source of some phytochemicals and also have the potential to be developed as a source of antibiotics.