bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liquid phase fluidity study of iron ore fines based on improved CondInst
Authors: Wang Meng , Li Zhe , Liu Weixing , Yang Aimin , Wu Mingyu
Published: December 2024

The liquid phase flowability of iron ore powder affects the quality of sintered ore. To better explore the liquid phase flow law of iron ore powder, this paper first adopted the improved CondInst (Conditional Convolutions for Instance Segmentation) to segment the image and achieved a segmentation accuracy of 96.61%. The segmentation accuracies on ResNet50 as well as ResNet101 were improved by 0.11% and 0.32%, respectively, relative to the original model. The image's height, area and wetting angle were used as the characteristic indexes of iron ore powder melting. The fitting curve was established by combining temperature and time to characterise the whole process of iron ore powder melting. Second, Factsage was used to simulate the liquid phase generation of iron ore powder, and a CatBoost regression model based on the liquid phase generation was constructed, and the maximum error between the predicted value and the real value was 3.74%. Finally, based on the equivalent mobility characteristic number, the liquid phase mobility performance of iron ore powder and the mechanism of alkalinity's influence on it were comprehensively analysed.
Characterization and optimization for mechanical and wear performance of reinforced Nylon-12/carbon fiber matrix
Authors: Rath Debabrata , Kumar Sudhir , Duvedi Ravinder Kumar , Mohanty Shyama Prasad , Chandra Padhi Pratap , Sharma Sandeep Kumar , Batish Ajay
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the mechanical properties of 3D-printed Nylon-12 carbon fiber (CF) composite specimens, focusing on the influence of key processing parameters. Tensile, flexural, and impact strengths were thoroughly examined, along with wear analysis and morphological assessment. The specimens were printed with varying print speeds (10 to 50 mm/s), layer heights (0.03 to 0.15 mm), and infill patterns (hexagon, linear, and diamond). The results revealed a strong relationship between mechanical performance and both layer height and infill pattern. Higher layer heights negatively impacted tensile and flexural strengths due to weaker interlayer adhesion. Among the infill patterns, the linear configuration consistently provided the best tensile, flexural, and impact performance. A maximum tensile stress of 53.74 MPa was recorded with a 0.03 mm layer height, 10 mm/s print speed, and hexagonal infill pattern, while the highest flexural strength (98.97 MPa) and impact strength (21.35 kJ/m2) were achieved with a 30 mm/s print speed, 0.03 mm layer height, and linear infill. ANOVA analysis highlighted infill pattern as the most critical factor influencing mechanical properties, followed by layer height and print speed. Optimized parameters (50 mm/s print speed, 0.06 mm layer height, and linear infill) produced superior results. Wear analysis and SEM observations further supported the mechanical trends, emphasizing material durability and process optimization.
Immediate Effect of Uddiyana Bandha on Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Hypertension: A Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: Govindasamy Karuppasamy , Kaur Dilpreet , Elayaraja Masilamani , Sethi Deepika , Kalidas Shantichitra , Karmakar Debajit , Orhan Bekir Erhan , Astuti Yuni , Parpa Koulla
Published: December 2024

Background

Hypertension, a prevalent cardiovascular condition, is linked to autonomic nervous system dysregulation, often evidenced by reduced heart rate variability (HRV). Yoga, particularly Uddiyana Bandha, may influence autonomic control and improve HRV, thus offering potential benefits for hypertension management.

Purpose

This study intended to assess the impact of the regular use of Uddiyana Bandha practice on HRV among hypertensive patients.

Methods

This randomised controlled study included 60 hypertensive patients aged between 40 and 60. Participants were randomised into an intervention group practicing Uddiyana Bandha ( n = 30) and a control group with no intervention ( n = 30). The outcome measures included time and frequency domain HRV variables, specifically the standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), the square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals (RMSSD), high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) components in normalised units (n.u), and the LF/HF ratio. These were assessed both before and immediately after the intervention. The intervention group performed three rounds of Uddiyana Bandha under supervision, while the control group rested quietly for an equivalent duration.

Results

The Uddiyana Bandha group demonstrated significant ( p < .05) improvements in HRV parameters post-intervention compared to the control group. Mean RR interval, SDNN and RMSSD increased immediately after Uddiyana Bandha practice. The HF component (n.u) increased, while the LF component (n.u) and LF/HF ratio decreased ( p < .05), indicating enhanced parasympathetic activity. No significant changes were observed in the control group.

Conclusion

Uddiyana Bandha’s practice immediately has notable effects on HRV in hypertensive patients, showing better autonomic balance and cardiovascular performance. These results suggest Uddiyana Bandha as a possible non-pharmacological strategy for hypertension management. Future studies with larger sample sizes and longer durations are needed to support these results and explore long-term effects.
Motivations to Adopt Solar Energy Systems: A Literature Review Using TCCM Framework
Authors: Nag Archana , Chowdhary Rupal , Gurtu Amulya
Published: December 2024

Increased awareness about environmental conservation and global well-being has given way to many initiatives in renewable energy. Hydro, wind, tidal, geothermal, biomass, and solar are the main forms of renewable energy. Solar energy has the largest share of renewable energy and is rapidly increasing because it is feasible and competitive. Many studies have been undertaken to understand the adoption and diffusion of solar energy. This article is a systematic literature review using the TCCM (Theory, Context, Characteristics, Methods) model. It reviewed 95 studies (from 2000 to mid-2023) indexed in top journals on small solar energy installations, primarily in the residential sector. This study discussed well-established product adoption theories, which helped identify various drivers and facilitators affecting solar energy adoption, such as sociocultural, technological, economic, market, and policy. The authors tried to map the facilitators with countries based on income groups, and it was found that the characteristics of solar adoption are similar among countries in an income group.
Postoperative delirium following total joint arthroplasty: epidemiology, risk factors, and associated complications
Authors: Knebel Ashley , Singh Manjot , Rasquinha Rhea , Daher Mohammad , Nassar Joseph E , Hanna John , Cohen Eric M , Diebo Bassel G , Daniels Alan H
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Postoperative delirium (POD) is a feared complication following major surgery in elderly patients. Further investigation of the risk factors and consequences of POD following total joint arthroplasty is warranted.

Methods:

Patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) were identified using PearlDiver. Patients were filtered into 2 cohorts based on the presence or absence of POD within 7 days of surgery. Epidemiological analyses were performed to examine trends in POD following TKA and THA by age group and year. Comparative analyses were performed on patient demographics and baseline cognitive status. After matching by age, sex, and comorbidities, electrolyte disturbances and 90-day postoperative complications were analysed.

Results:

Among 2,518,918 (99.7%) no POD and 7240 (0.3%) POD patients who underwent total knee or hip arthroplasty, mean age was 65.58 years, 60.2% were female, and mean CCI was 1.50 for the whole cohort. POD patients frequently had baseline cognitive impairment ( P  < 0.001). Incidence of POD decreased from 0.54% in 2010 to 0.10% in 2022 ( P  < 0.001) and increased with age ( P  < 0.001). POD patients had higher 90-day costs (TKA = $19,572 vs. $10,397, P  < 0.001; THA = $18,496 vs. $9,877 P  < 0.001). After matching, POD TKA patients had higher rates of hypernatraemia (6.1% vs 4.5%, P  = 0.001) and POD THA patients had higher rates of hyponatraemia (26.5% vs 23.1%, P  = 0.008). POD patients had higher rates of 90-day postoperative medical and surgical complications ( P  < 0.05) than no POD patients.

Conclusions:

Nearly 0.3% of patients who underwent either TKA or THA between 2010 and 2022 developed transient delirium. POD was most common in elderly patients with baseline cognitive impairment undergoing revision surgery. POD patients had higher rates of 90-day postoperative surgical and joint-related complications. While POD rates have decreased, continued initiative to prevent POD in total joint arthroplasty patients is imperative.
“A tyranny of technology”: The logic of Instagram in forming the photojournalistic professional persona through performed authenticity
Authors: Kaipainen Sini
Published: December 2024

Authenticity in photojournalism as documentary evidence differs from Instagram-created authenticity as “sincere” self-presentation that equates self-branding with self-expression. Self-branding tactics can consolidate or compromise authenticity standards in photojournalism rooted in factuality, reality, and truth value. Yet, the rise of self-branding through performed authenticity by and of photojournalists on Instagram has not attracted scholarly interest. In this study, I undertake an automedial close reading of the persona performances of two established photojournalists. I probe (1) how Ed Kashi and Sebastian Rich engage with Instagram logic’s capitalist and commercial imperatives to construct an Instagram-mediated work persona through performed authenticity and (2) how they articulate the impression of authenticity in their Instagram portfolios. Kashi and Rich’s persona work does not necessarily conflict with the traditional identity roles, norms, and practices of photojournalism when they claim, pose, and promote authenticity as professional photojournalists on Instagram. The reading indicates that Kashi and Rich capitalise on their existing reputations to create an authentic, notable, and sometimes intimate image of their digital work-life-selves. They perform authenticity in ways that seem authentic yet are managed “safe enough” for the authenticity myth of photojournalism and the photojournalists themselves.
Establishing chloride concentration range for protective rust formation on weathering steel in simulated tropical marine atmospheres
Authors: Sun Yipu , Liu Wei , Chen Longjun , Li Hai , Zhang Bo , Wang Fulong , Hou Bowen
Published: December 2024

This study determined the range of Cl− concentrations that enable the formation of protective rust layers in simulated tropical marine atmosphere by examining the corrosion of weathering steel. The steel exhibited good weatherability in atmospheres with 0.5 to 2.0 wt.% NaCl. Chloride ion influenced rust layer protection by altering phase distribution and defect structure. In the Cl-free environment, the rust layer was loose and lacked protection due to the low degree of corrosion during the limited experimental period. Excessive Cl− increased β-FeOOH content and compressed α-FeOOH distribution, raising internal stresses and compromising the protective properties of rust layer.
PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Plus Antiangiogenic Drugs Versus Sorafenib as the First Line Treatment for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Phase 3 RCTs Based Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Jun , Liao Chun , Liu Zhaohui , Xiong Hu , Cai Jing , Liu Tiande
Published: December 2024

Background

For advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), sorafenib remains the established therapy. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus antiangiogenic drugs (PIAD) as a new therapeutic approach for advanced HCC is still a subject of clinical debate regarding whether they offer improved treatment outcomes. This study was conducted to compare the two treatments in terms of antitumor efficacy and safety.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing PIAD and sorafenib for advanced HCC were retrieved from six databases. Survival (overall survival [OS] and progression-free survival [PFS]) were the main outcomes measured. Secondary endpoints included responses, adverse events (AEs), and effects on quality of life.

Results

Seven studies based on four RCTs (CARES-310, COSMIC-312, IMbrave150, and ORIENT-32) were included. The PIAD group exhibited better OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.53, 0.89], P = 0.005), and PFS (HR: 0.60, 95% CI: [0.53, 0.67], P < 0.00001). The survival advantages of OS and PFS were confirmed in almost all subgroups. The PIAD group exhibited higher OS rates at 6–18 months and PFS rates at 6–12 months. Additionally, the objective response rate, disease control rate, complete response, and partial response were higher in PIAD group. The PIAD group had a delayed decline in quality of life, physical functioning, and role functioning. However, the PIAD group experienced more grades 3–5 and serious AEs, along with treatment discontinuation, dose reduction, and dose interruption.

Conclusions

PIAD appears to be better than sorafenib for advanced HCC with better survival and responses. However, its higher rate of AEs requires cautious attention.
Hippocampal Inhibitory Neuron Loss Is Epileptogenic But Not Likely a Sole Cause of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (MTLE)
Authors: Goodman Jeffrey H.
Published: December 2024

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Identification of Secondary Metabolites of Cyperus rotundus L. and Dose-dependent Effects on Antioxidant Activity and Carbohydrate Digestion Enzymes
Authors: Akash Muhammad Sajid Hamid , Afzaal Ammara , Rehman Kanwal , Hussain Amjad , Ibrahim Muhammad , Shoaib Syed Muhammad , Shahid Mudassar , Sadaf Bushra
Published: December 2024

Background

Cyperus rotundus L., commonly known as nutsedge or purple nutgrass, is a resilient herb in the Cyperaceae family with notable pharmacological potential due to its diverse secondary metabolites. This study aimed to identify these metabolites and evaluate the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the crude methanol extract of C. rotundus.

Methods

The crude methanol extract of C. rotundus was prepared, and its antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH scavenging assay. Additionally, in vitro inhibitory effects against the enzymes: α-amylase and α-glucosidase were evaluated. The secondary metabolites present in the extract were identified using ESI-MS/MS analysis.

Results

ESI-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites, including rutin, quercetin, β-sitosterol, limonene, and beta-pinene. The crude methanol extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity and significant inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, which play crucial roles in carbohydrate digestion.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that the crude methanol extract of C. rotundus possesses notable antioxidant properties and the potential to inhibit key enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. This study enhances our understanding of the bioactive compounds in C. rotundus and suggests its therapeutic applications for managing conditions related to carbohydrate metabolism.
Jiedu Huayu Extract Alleviate Acute Liver Failure via Promotion of GPX4 Expression and Inhibition of D-GalN/LPS-Induced Ferroptosis
Authors: Lin Yong , Du Yuanqi , Wang Minggang , Wang De , Pang Di , Luo Sha , Huang Jun , Mao Dewen , Long Fuli
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study aims to explore the potential mechanisms of Jiedu Huayu granules (JDHY) mitigate D-galactosamine (D-GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver failure (ALF) in a cell damage model.

Methods

ALF was modeled using various concentrations of D-GalN + LPS. JDHY-medicated serum at different concentrations was then co-cultured with the cell model in proportion. The best concentration and time of JDHY-medicated serum intervention were determined by Cell Counting Kit-8, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST). Western blot was used to assess the expression of Ferritin Heavy Chain 1 (FTH1), Transferrin Receptor 1(TfR1), Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4), Lysyl Oxidase (LOX), Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2(PTGS2). Malondialdehyde was analyzed for cell lipid peroxidation, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect glutathione, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-10, Interleukin-6 expression, and liver function indicators (ALT, AST). Additionally, GPX4 was knocked down using cell transfection, and the molecular mechanisms of JDHY in treating ALF were explored through Western blot, PCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

The appropriate dose and time of D-GalN/LPS-induced ALF (10 mg/mL D-GalN + 1 μg/mL LPS for 48 h) and the optimal intervention concentration of JDHY-medicated serum (15%) were determined through ALT, AST, and Cell Counting Kit-8 assays. JDHY treatment reduced ALT and AST levels, alleviated cell lipid peroxidation, and inhibited ferroptosis. The mechanism involves JDHY enhancing the antioxidant capacity in liver cells by increasing the expression of GPX4 and glutathione, regulating ferroptosis proteins (downregulating TfR1, upregulating FTH1), inhibiting LOX and PTGS2, and suppressing inflammation (downregulating Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha and Interleukin-6, upregulating Interleukin-10). In addition, GPX4 knockdown experiments revealed that knocking down GPX4 worsened ALF, while JDHY can alleviate ALF by promoting GPX4 expression and enhancing the antioxidant capacity of liver cells.

Conclusion

JDHY enhance GPX4 expression and reduce lipid peroxidation in liver cells affected by ALF, protecting liver cell, alleviating inflammatory, and inhibiting ferroptosis.
Fatal Exertional Heat Stroke Trends in Secondary School Sports From 1982 Through 2022
Authors: Stearns Rebecca L. , Kucera Kristen L. , Hosokawa Yuri , Filep Erica M. , Grace Aleksis , DeLong Randi , Cantu Robert , Casa Douglas J.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is a leading cause of secondary school sport-related death; however, a longitudinal analysis on observed trends is lacking. Our purpose was to describe EHS deaths in United States secondary school athletes since the 1982/1983 academic year.

Hypothesis:

EHS deaths will be primarily represented by football athletes and have a stable or increasing trend across a decade-by-decade analysis.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Methods:

EHS deaths in secondary school sports from July 1, 1982 through June 30, 2022 captured in the National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research database were included (n = 67). Chi-square test of goodness of fit (alpha = 0.05), incidence rate ratios, and 95% CIs of differences in number of deaths between the 4 decades are reported.

Results:

Of 67 deaths, 66 (98.5%) were male. Ages ranged from 13 to 18 years. Football accounted for 63 (94%) of deaths, with basketball (n = 2), soccer (n = 1), and track and field (n = 1) accounting for the remainder. The southern region had the largest number of deaths, n = 50 (74.6%). Most deaths occurred in August (n = 38), followed by July (n = 15) and September (n = 9). Stratified into 4 sepa﻿rate 10-year periods, the proportion of EHS deaths differed significantly across time ( χ2(3, n = 67) = 8.72; P = 0.03). The period 2002-2011 had the highest number of EHS deaths (n = 26), 1982-1991 had 9, while both 1992-2011 and 2012-2021 had 16 deaths.

Conclusion:

The most recent decade shows a 38% reduction from the peak decade (2002-2011, n = 26), but remains similar to 1982-1991.

Clinical Relevance:

Continued efforts are required to prevent catastrophic sport-related death due to EHS. Secondary school EHS deaths are overwhelmingly represented by football, most commonly in August, and in the south. This emphasizes the need for secondary schools to be equipped with basic tools and policies to saves lives.
Long-Term Results after Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: A 10-Year Cohort Study
Authors: Deiss Lukas , Walther Markus , Pfahl Kathrin , Hörterer Hubert , Mehlhorn Alexander , Röser Anke , Gottschalk Oliver
Published: December 2024

Objective

A gold standard surgical treatment for osteochondral lesions (OCLs) of the talus still needs to be established. Still, autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) is a commonly applied 1-stage procedure that has achieved good short- and mid-term results. The present cohort study aimed to assess whether the long-term, 10-year results can confirm the previous findings.

Design

All patients underwent an open AMIC procedure using a collagen type I/III bilayer matrix for a talar OCL. General demographic data, preoperative magnetic resonance imaging findings, intraoperative details, and German version of the Foot Function Index (FFI-D) scores preoperatively and at 1, 5, and 10 years as well as European Foot and Ankle Society (EFAS) and American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores at 10 years after surgery were analyzed. The primary outcome variable was the procedure’s longitudinal effect, and several variables’ influence on the outcome was tested.

Results

Of 47 consecutive patients, 18 (38%) were included. Of the 18 patients, 6 (33%) were female, and 12 (67%) were male, with a mean age of 39 ± 15 (range = 15-62) and an average body mass index (BMI) of 26 ± 5 (range = 20-38) kg/m². The mean defect size was 1.4 ± 0.9 (range = 0.2-4) cm². The FFI-D total score showed a significant decrease from preoperatively to 1 year postoperatively (56 ± 19 to 34 ± 27; P = 0.001) with a further nonsignificant decrease to the 5-year (34 ± 27 to 21 ± 20; P = 0.16) and 10-year follow-up (21 ± 20 to 15 ± 13; P = 1.00). All the single items decreased significantly from preoperatively to the 5- and 10-year mark. Although not significant, most items improved from 5 to 10 years postoperatively. Age positively correlated with the preoperative, 5-year, and 10-year follow-up FFI-D total score.

Conclusions

AMIC, as a single-step surgical intervention, is a viable long-term treatment option. Patient selection regarding symptoms and findings is vital to achieve satisfying results.
Ask the curator: Into the museum of urology
Authors: Sinha Mriganka Mani , Somani Bhaskar K , Goddard Jonathan
Published: December 2024

Have you ever wondered how modern urology evolved? Who had the idea of looking inside the bladder, how TURP started or who did the first kidney surgery? In this article Mriganka Mani Sinha (MS) interviews the BAUS Museum of Urology curator Jonathan Goddard (JCG) to get to the bottom of some of these historical questions.
Anaesthetic modalities and post-operative outcomes in spinal cord injury urolithiasis: A systematic review
Authors: Qiu Matthew , Kuo Lu Yu , Rahman Adib , Ponen Kreyen , Zaka Ammar
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

Spinal cord injury (SCI) patients are at an increased risk of urolithiasis and are associated with increased perioperative morbidity and mortality. The optimal anaesthetic agent in these patients remains contentious, reflecting a paucity of large-scale clinical trials. This systematic review aims to summarise the existing evidence comparing general anaesthesia (GA) with non-GA induction for surgical treatment of stones for these patients.

Materials and methods:

Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane, and PubMed databases were searched up to 30 March 2024. Eligible studies assessed SCI patients receiving surgical procedures for stones with a specified anaesthetic induction method detailed. Our primary outcomes were stone-free rate (SFR) and all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative and post-operative complications, intensive care admissions, and mean hospital stay.

Results:

Fifteen cohort, observational, and case–control studies were included. The available data demonstrated no meaningful trend between cohorts receiving GA and non-GA induction, across all outcomes. Studies exhibited significant heterogeneity in the direct comparison of GA with non-GA methods. Type of non-GA method, incidence of complications and outcome reporting were inconsistently reported, precluding reliable meta-analysis. Methodological quality was scored on the modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale which found eligible studies to be of poor to good quality.

Conclusion:

Evidence around outcomes in non-GA and GA-induced treatment is inconclusive and poor. We suggest larger scale, prospective studies to further stratify risk of poor outcomes between these two groups.
Bibliometric analysis of global research on psychological well-being, subjective burden, and psychosocial support of family caregivers of cancer patients
Authors: Sweileh Waleed M
Published: December 2024

This study delves into the realm of informal cancer caregivers. Through a meticulous bibliometric analysis, the study sheds light on the burgeoning interest in this field, with a significant focus on the psychological well-being, subjective burden, and psychosocial support for caregivers. A significant portion of the retrieved articles ( n = 1366) was published after 2017 and primarily disseminated through a select number of journals. Notably, the study reveals a substantial gap in randomized controlled trials addressing interventions tailored to family caregivers, indicating a critical need for more high-quality trials to guide effective support strategies. Despite the increasing recognition of caregivers’ significance, limited research collaboration was observed, emphasizing the importance of fostering collaborative efforts to address cultural differences and expand the scope of research on cancer caregivers globally. The findings underscore the urgent call for comprehensive interventions and collaborative endeavors to optimize the well-being of family caregivers.
Hospitalizations in patients with systemic sclerosis: Differences between limited and diffuse cutaneous subtypes
Authors: van Dantzig Philippa , Lao Chunhuan , Padala Sree Deepika , White Douglas , Solanki Kamal
Published: December 2024

Aim:

Systemic sclerosis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It remains unclear from the literature if there are differences between the subtypes of systemic sclerosis and the rate of hospitalization. Our study investigates the rates of all types of hospitalizations between limited and diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis.

Methods:

Patients have been collected prospectively using the European Scleroderma Trials and Research Group database at the Waikato Hospital, and were screened for inclusion criteria. Data were collected retrospectively on hospitalizations (total, acute, elective and infusion-related) for all patients.

Results:

Overall, 140 patients were included in the analysis with 84 (60.0%) with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis, 40 (28.6%) with diffuse systemic sclerosis, 3 (2.1%) with systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma and 13 (9.3%) with overlap syndrome. The mean number of total hospitalizations in 12 months was 0.9 (SD 3.0) for patients with limited disease versus 1.7 (SD 3.0) for diffuse disease (p = 0.062). The mean number of acute hospitalizations in 12 months was 0.6 (SD 1.3) for limited and 1.2 (SD 2.4) for diffuse (p = 0.061). Patients with diffuse systemic sclerosis were more likely to be admitted for reasons relating to systemic sclerosis than patients with limited disease (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Diffuse and limited systemic sclerosis subtypes appear to have similar rates of hospitalizations though there is a trend in favour of diffuse disease towards more total and acute hospitalizations. There are clear differences in causes of hospitalization between the two main subgroups.
An intelligent rule-based decision-making system for preliminary truck dispatching within open-pit mines
Authors: Hazrathosseini Arman , Moradi Afrapoli Ali
Published: December 2024

Preliminary truck dispatching involves directing trucks to appropriate destinations before addressing specific optimization objectives such as maximizing ore production or minimizing waiting times. While rule-based systems are commonly used for preliminary dispatching, they lack adaptability to unforeseen scenarios. This study presents an intelligent rule-based system that integrates reinforcement learning to generate labeled data and supervised learning to train a deep neural network on the collected data. A modified Q-learning algorithm, RapidQ, was introduced to expedite the data collection process. The system was implemented in a simulated open-pit mine case study, which incorporated a broader range of dispatching features that are underexplored but essential compared to previous studies. The simulation was designed to handle uncertainties such as weather conditions, blasting needs, truck and shovel failures, and maintenance schedules. When evaluated against a conventional rule-based system, the proposed intelligent dispatching system achieved 10 times fewer incorrect dispatches, 4% fuel savings, a 10% reduction in queuing time, and a 14% increase in ore production. The developed system can be positioned as a potential upper-stage solution in future multi-stage intelligent dispatching systems, complemented by specific dispatching algorithms at the lower stage.
A Narrative Review of Invasive Candidiasis in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Noppè Elnè , Eloff Julian Robert Paul , Keane Sean , Martin-Loeches Ignacio
Published: December 2024

Candida species is the most common cause of invasive fungal infection in the critically ill population admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Numerous risk factors for developing invasive candidiasis (IC) have been identified, and some, like the breach of protective barriers, abound within the ICU. Given that IC carries a significant mortality, morbidity, and healthcare cost burden, early diagnosis and treatment have become an essential topic of discussion. Several expert panels and task forces have been established to provide clear guidance on the management of IC. Unfortunately, IC remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge attributable to the changing fungal ecology of Candida species and the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. This narrative review will focus on the following: (1) the incidence, outcomes, and changing epidemiology of IC globally; (2) the risk factors for developing IC; (3) IC risk stratification tools and their appropriate use; (4) diagnosis of IC; and (5) therapeutic agents and regimens.
Investigation Study of Structure Real Load Spectra Acquisition and Fatigue Life Prediction Based on the Optimized Efficient Hinging Hyperplane Neural Network Model
Authors: Zhu Lin , Xing Benao , Li Xingbao , Chen Min , Jia Minping
Published: December 2024

In the realm of engineering practice, various factors such as limited availability of measurement data and complex working conditions pose significant challenges to obtaining accurate load spectra. Thus, accurately predicting the fatigue life of structures becomes notably arduous. This paper proposed an approach to predict the fatigue life of structure based on the optimized load spectra, which is accurately estimated by an efficient hinging hyperplane neural network (EHH-NN) model. The construction of the EHH-NN model includes initial network generation and parameter optimization. Through the combination of working conditions design, multi-body dynamics analysis and structural static mechanics analysis, the simulated load spectra of the structure are obtained. The simulated load spectra are taken as the input variables for the optimized EHH-NN model, while the measurement load spectra are used as the output variables. The prediction results of case structure indicate that the optimized EHH-NN model can achieve the high-accuracy load spectra, in comparison with support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF) model and back propagation (BP) neural network. The error rate between the prediction values and the measurement values of the optimized EHH-NN model is 4.61%. In the Cauchy-Lorentz distribution, the absolute error data of 92% with EHH-NN model appear in the intermediate range of ±1.65%. Also, the fatigue life analysis is performed for the case structure, based on the accurately predicted load spectra. The fatigue life of the case structure is calculated based on the comparison between the measured and predicted load spectra, with an accuracy of 93.56%. This research proposes the optimized EHH-NN model can more accurately reflect the measurement load spectra, enabling precise calculation of fatigue life. Additionally, the optimized EHH-NN model provides reliability assessment for industrial engineering equipment.
The gender gap in the wage sensitivity of job transitions: a decomposition analysis
Authors: Detilleux Céline , Deschacht Nick
Published: December 2024

Previous research shows that female workers are less sensitive to wages in their decision to switch jobs than male workers, and that this could explain a substantial part of the gender wage gap. This paper studies to what extent gender differences in preferences and personality traits explain the gender gap in the wage-elasticity of job-to-job transitions in the labor market. Using a novel decomposition approach in the context of mediated moderation and using German Socio-Economic Panel Survey (G-SOEP) data for the period 2005–2019, we find that gender differences in risk preferences, patience, trust, reciprocity, altruism, conscientiousness, ambition and self-esteem explain about 25% of the gender gap in wage-elasticities of job separations. A detailed decomposition suggests that risk preferences, trust and ambition contribute most to this gender gap in wage-elasticity.
Provision of hospice and palliative care and implementation of advance care planning for residents in German nursing homes – a cross-sectional study
Authors: Berloge Christopher , Völkel Anna , Jacobs Hannes , Burger Birte , Stahmeyer Jona T. , Brütt Anna Levke , Hoffmann Falk , Schleef Tanja , Stiel Stephanie
Published: December 2024

Background

Demographic changes are leading to a rise in the demand for care services, with nursing homes (NHs) playing an increasingly important role in end-of-life care. Evidence suggests that NH residents at the end of life significantly benefit from hospice and palliative care and the implementation of advance care planning (ACP). In 2018, Germany passed a law to promote the implementation of ACP in NHs and to enable the refinancing of ACP services by the statutory health insurance funds. The present study aimed at assessing current hospice and palliative care structures, examining the implementation of ACP and identifying barriers to obtain approval for billing for ACP services under this specific legislative (§ 132 g SGB V).

Methods

As a part of the "Gut-Leben" project, the present study administered a cross-sectional quantitative survey in 2023 to evaluate hospice and palliative care structures, the implementation of ACP, and barriers to ACP approval in German NHs. A questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of N = 1,369 NH managers. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.

Results

N = 330 NH managers responded to the questionnaire (24.1% response). The majority described the end-of-life care structures in their region as rather good (77.7; n = 256), and very strong collaboration was reported with general practitioners (54.7%), physiotherapists (42.9%), and palliative care physicians (38.6%). Awareness of the legislative for ACP was reported by n = 201 NHs (64.4%), and 100 (50.3%) of these NHs had already obtained approval. The primary barriers to approval identified by 68 NHs included a lack of available staff (48.5%; n = 33) and a small facility size (27.9%; n = 19).

Conclusions

Although half of the NHs have implemented ACP, there is still a need to enhance awareness of the ACP legislative. These efforts should aim to reduce the existing barriers to approval, which could be achieved, for instance, by fostering collaboration between NHs or by cooperating with external ACP service providers.
An improved HPAEC-PAD method for the determination of D-glucuronic acid and 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid from polymeric and oligomeric xylan
Authors: Leontakianakou Savvina , Grey Carl , Karlsson Eva Nordberg , Sardari Roya R. R.
Published: December 2024

Glucuronic acid (GlcA) is an abundant substituent in hardwood xylan, and it is often found in its methylated form as methyl glucuronic acid (MeGlcA). GlcA and MeGlcA are sugar acids, bound to the xylose backbone at position O-2, and their presence can affect the digestibility of the polymer. Currently, detection of released GlcA or MeGlcA from synthetic substrates such as pNP-glucuronic acid can be achieved with colorimetric assays, whereas analysis from natural substrates such as xylan is more complicated. High performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) with an isocratic elution profile has been proposed for quantification of uronic acids in acid-hydrolysed wood samples. However, achieving sufficient separation for comprehensive analysis of hardwood-related xylan components, particularly MeGlcA remains challenging with this methodology. This study offers modified protocols for improved separation by introducing gradient elution profiles to effectively separate hydrolysed hardwood-related compounds, including MeGlcA, and GlcA within a single analytical run. The method showed excellent reproducibility and a standard curve of MeGlcA assured first order linearity in a wide range of concentrations, making the method excellent for quantification.
The family talk intervention prevent the feeling of loneliness - a long term follow up after a parents life-threatening illness
Authors: Bergersen Emily , Olsson Cecilia , Larsson Maria , Kreicbergs Ulrika , Lövgren Malin
Published: December 2024

Background

The psychosocial needs of families in which a parent is affected by life-threatening illness and has dependent children are extensive. However, few family-based interventions have been scientifically evaluated and even fewer have been evaluated long term. Therefore, the specific objectives of this study were to describe the parents’ perceptions of the timing and length of FTI in relation to the illness trajectory, to explore what activities learnt by the FTI still were practiced in the long-term and what content of FTI was perceived as most valuable to cope in the long-term.

Methods

This qualitative study involved a follow-up with nine parents (ill parents, n = 3, coparents, n = 6) 4 to 5 years after participating in FTI, where one parent was cared for in specialised palliative homecare. FTI is a psychosocial family-based intervention that consists of 6–11 manual-based meetings with the families led by an educated interventionist. FTI focuses on facilitating family communication about illness-related subjects, supporting parenting, and making the children’s needs visible. The data collection consisted of interviews and was analysed according to the phenomenographic method, focused on variations in perceptions.

Results

The parents perceived FTI as a way to alleviate feelings of loneliness, and some families were still using the obtained communication tools at the time of the interview. They also perceived that FTI contributed to the children being more open about their own feelings and thoughts. However, the parents wanted extended support after FTI ended based on their individual needs, for example, during and after bereavement, deteriorated health or occasional challenges faced by children in crisis. The parents perceived the peer support gained in conjunction with FTI as important social and emotional support both during and after the intervention. The interventionists were perceived as professional persons who promoted open and honest communication during FTI.

Conclusion

FTI is found to promote family communication both in a short- and long-term perspectives according to parents. They also found FTI useful in reducing their feelings of loneliness. Support over a longer period of time is desired and extra FTI meetings may strengthen the family as a whole in parallel with additional support for parents and children during the illness trajectory and in bereavement. They received support in dealing with strong and difficult emotions and learned conversational techniques that they still used at the time of the interview, indicating that the lessons learnt was integrated and valuable many years after the last FTI meeting.
Neuroathletic training in stroke rehabilitation? A single-blind randomized controlled pilot study on the potential of neuroathletic training for balance ability in stroke outpatient rehabilitation
Authors: Judith Evers , Isabel Stolz , Marilena Klein
Published: December 2024

Recently, neuroathletic training has been increasingly applied in competitive sports, in therapy, and in prevention. Scientific evidence on the effectiveness of this approach, however, has been poorly developed. Potentials of neuropathologic perceptual exercises to potentially improve balance control in the context of movement therapy in stroke rehabilitation appear promising. To investigate the possible effects of neuroathletic exercises on the balance ability of poststroke patients with ischemic infarcts and intracerebral hemorrhages, a controlled trial of a standardized protocol of daily neuroathletic exercises compared to traditional movement therapy during a four-week period of medical rehabilitation was conducted (n = 19). Patients were assessed with the Berg-Balance Scale (BBS), which represents the Gold standard for clinical measurement of balance. The results of the prepost BBS measurement showed significant balance improvements in the intervention and control groups, whereas the intervention group reached a higher total score by half the size of the standard deviation. A comparison of the results of both groups supported the general effectiveness of movement therapy for improving balance in stroke rehabilitation. However, neuroathletic training exercises did not lead to a stronger effect. Moreover, the intervention group did not score significantly lower than the control group. A negative influence can therefore not be assumed. For further investigations of neuroathletic training compared to treatment-as-usual training to improve balance in stroke rehabilitation, additional studies with larger sample sizes and longer treatment periods should be conducted.

Trial registration United States National Library of Medicine, NCT06391801, date: 04.29.2024.
Recent progress of principal techniques used in the study of Müller glia reprogramming in mice
Authors: Yin Zhiyuan , Kang Jiahui , Xu Haoan , Huo Shujia , Xu Haiwei
Published: December 2024

In zebrafish, Müller glia (MG) cells retain the ability to proliferate and de-differentiate into retinal progenitor-like cells, subsequently differentiating into retinal neurons that can replace those damaged or lost due to retinal injury. In contrast, the reprogramming potential of MG in mammals has been lost, with these cells typically responding to retinal damage through gliosis. Considerable efforts have been dedicated to achieving the reprogramming of MG cells in mammals. Notably, significant advancements have been achieved in reprogramming MG cells in mice employing various methodologies. At the same time, some inevitable challenges have hindered identifying accurate MG cell reprogramming rather than the illusion, let alone improving the reprogramming efficiency and maturity of daughter cells. Recently, several strategies, including lineage tracking, multi-omics techniques, and functional analysis, have been developed to investigate the MG reprogramming process in mice. This review summarizes both the advantages and limitations of these novel strategies for analyzing MG reprogramming in mice, offering insights into enhancing the reliability and efficiency of MG reprogramming.

Graphical Abstract
“Just” energy? An ecofeminist analysis and critique of a predominant conception of energy
Authors: Calidori Noemi , Frigo Giovanni , Hillerbrand Rafaela
Published: December 2024

Background

This theoretical paper offers an ecofeminist analysis and critique of a specific conception of energy. The hypothesis is that, at least in the Western context, there is a characteristic socio-economic understanding of energy as a resource and commodity for human needs and the development of human societies. This conception corresponds to a cultural understanding that is both different from and broader than the scientific notion of energy. Such a conception has become part of several narratives, including energy policy. Our research question is: does this conception of energy as a commodity and resource affect the relation between humans and nature? And if so, how?

Results

Drawing on the work of Val Plumwood, and Greta Gaard, we argue that conceiving of energy as a resource and commodity for human needs and the socio-economic development of human societies reinforces and mediates the hierarchical and oppressive dualism “human-nature”, thus contributing to backgrounding, excluding, incorporating, and instrumentalizing some parts of nonhuman nature as well as some human groups.

Conclusions

The idea of energy as a commodity shapes public debates and policies, worsening existing environmental issues. This dominant perspective affects how people respond to environmental challenges and crises, both individually and collectively. This article aims to encourage more critical and open discussions about energy. It suggests that researchers and policymakers adopt more radical and less oppressive approaches in their academic work, benefiting both the human and non-human world.
Cellular senescence as a key contributor to secondary neurodegeneration in traumatic brain injury and stroke
Authors: Huang Zhihai , Xu Peisheng , Hess David C. , Zhang Quanguang
Published: December 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke pose major health challenges, impacting millions of individuals globally. Once considered solely acute events, these neurological conditions are now recognized as enduring pathological processes with long-term consequences, including an increased susceptibility to neurodegeneration. However, effective strategies to counteract their devastating consequences are still lacking. Cellular senescence, marked by irreversible cell-cycle arrest, is emerging as a crucial factor in various neurodegenerative diseases. Recent research further reveals that cellular senescence may be a potential driver for secondary neurodegeneration following brain injury. Herein, we synthesize emerging evidence that TBI and stroke drive the accumulation of senescent cells in the brain. The rationale for targeting senescent cells as a therapeutic approach to combat neurodegeneration following TBI/stroke is outlined. From a translational perspective, we emphasize current knowledge and future directions of senolytic therapy for these neurological conditions.
Promoting equity and justice: harnessing the right to food for Africa's food security
Authors: Onyeaka Helen , Siyanbola Kehinde Favour , Akinsemolu Adenike A. , Tamasiga Phemelo , Mbaeyi-Nwaoha Ifeoma Elizabeth , Okonkwo Clinton Emeka , Odeyemi Olumide A. , Oladipo Elijah Kolawole
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the state of food security in African nations within the context of promoting equity and justice through the right to food. It discusses the various challenges faced by the African nations, including poverty, climate change, and urbanization, which impact the availability, accessibility, and utilization of food resources. It further emphasises the importance of secure land tenure rights, gender equality and women empowerment, good nutrition and safe food, sustainable agricultural practices as well as sustainable food system transformation to ensure food and nutrition security, environmental quality and human well-being. This paper further advocates for stringent efforts involving governance, accountability, and international cooperation to achieve sustainable development goals and ensure food security for all in Africa, thereby fostering equity and justice in the food system.