bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contrasting pathogen prevalence between tick and dog populations at Chornobyl
Authors: Dillon Megan N. , Qurollo Barbara A. , Thomas Rachael , Warren Madeline E. , Mousseau Timothy A. , Betz Jennifer A. , Kleiman Norman J. , Breen Matthew
Published: November 2024

Background

The 1986 disaster at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant released massive amounts of radioactive material into the local environment. In addition to radiation, remediation efforts and abandonment of military-industrial complexes contributed to contamination with heavy metals, organics, pesticides and other toxic chemicals. Numerous studies have evaluated the effects of this contamination on the local ecology. However, few studies have reported the effect of this contamination on vector-borne pathogens and their hosts. In this manuscript, we characterize tick-borne pathogen presence at two sample locations within the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone, one at the Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) and another 16 km away in Chornobyl City (CC).

Methods

Ticks and whole-blood samples were collected from free-breeding dogs captured at the NPP and CC. Endpoint PCR and quantitative PCR were used to identify tick species and to assess the presence of specific tick-borne pathogens, including Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Babesia spp., Bartonella spp., Francisella tularensis and general Anaplasmataceae. A droplet digital PCR assay was developed for Babesia canis and A. phagocytophilum to evaluate their presence in dogs from the two populations. Pathogen prevalences between the two sample populations were compared by calculating Z-scores.

Results

Ticks were identified as Ixodes ricinus (n = 102) and Dermacentor reticulatus (n = 4). Overall, 56.9% of I. ricinus ticks were positive for at least one pathogen. A significantly higher prevalence of A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi was found in ticks at the NPP (44.0% and 42.0%, respectively) compared to CC (23.1% and 19.2%, respectively). Babesia spp. (including B. canis and B. caballi) were detected in 8.8% ticks at similar proportions for both populations. Interestingly, we found a significantly lower level of A. phagocytophilum in dogs at the NPP (1.8%) than in dogs at CC (11.7%). In total, 24.3% of dogs were positive for B. canis, evenly distributed across the two populations.

Conclusions

The results of this study show contrasting pathogen prevalence in both ticks and dogs at the NPP and CC, which may reflect the differential exposures at the two locations. This work adds an important new component to our understanding of the consequences of prolonged exposure to environmental contamination on the wildlife and ecology within the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone.

Graphical Abstract
Preclinical evidence and possible mechanisms of cardioprotective effects of resveratrol in diabetic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yan Xiaodan , Hu Youjia , Zhao Shuyuan , Zhou Qian , Chen Qiu
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a significant complication of diabetes, characterized primarily by the development of heart failure in individuals with diabetes. Numerous animal studies have indicated that resveratrol enhances cardiac function in diabetic cardiomyopathy; however, its reliability and underlying mechanism remain unclear. This study aims to assess the cardioprotective effects of resveratrol on DCM and explore its potential mechanism.

Methods

We searched PubMed, EMBASE, WOS, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM, Chinese VIP, and Wan Fang Database until March 31st, 2024, without language restrictions. Continuous outcome measures were analyzed using weighted mean difference or standardized mean difference, and heterogeneity was assessed with I2. The risk of bias in animal experiments was evaluated using the SYRCLE tool, and evidence reliability was determined with the GRADE tool. All data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4.1 and Stata 17. This study has been registered on the PROSPERO (CRD42024523944).

Results

A total of 18 studies meeting the criteria were identified. The analysis revealed that the resveratrol intervention group exhibited significant improvements in LVEF (WMD = 17.88), LVFS (WMD = 8.77), HW/BW (SMD=-2.92), SOD (SMD = 4.53), and MDA (SMD=-5.07) compared to the control group. The GRADE grading assessment indicated moderate certainty for LVEF, HW/BW, and MDA, while certainty for other factors was considered low.

Conclusion

Our research suggests that resveratrol may protect cardiac function in DCM through anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects. However, these findings are based on preclinical data, and further extensive trials are needed to confirm their effectiveness and safety before clinical application.
Architectural spatial distribution and network connectivity characteristics of ancient military towns in Southwest China: a case study of Qingyan Ancient Town in Guiyang
Authors: Zhao Yaxing , Xiang Huiwen , Huang Zongsheng
Published: November 2024

Due multiple influences, such as Tusi, Tunpu, and minority culture, Tunpu military towns in Southwest China have unique historical and cultural heritage. At present, the ancient Tunpu military towns are not widely known internationally. In order to understand the layout characteristics of Tunpu military buildings in southwest China since the Ming Dynasty, the spatial distribution and military attributes of Qingyan Ancient Town, a typical military town of Tunpu culture, are studied by using Thiessen polygons, fractal theories, and complex network methods. The findings indicate that architectural spaces in the six districts have high spatial self-similarity and low spatial complexity and are distributed in clusters primarily impacted by natural factors and supplemented by humanistic factors. The architectural space networks of the six districts have high stability, low vulnerability, poor balance, and high connectivity. They reflect its interior architectural layout, which is based on close cooperation between villagers and military, taking into account trade and cultural life. Differences in the functionality of buildings lead to differences in the connectivity of the spatial network of buildings; the hierarchical, graded, and differentiated characteristics of architectural spatial network connectivity are influenced by both nature and society. Non-military functions all serve or are subordinate to military functions. The spatial network connectivity of traditional settlement architecture reflects the interaction between nature and society. By studying a Tunpu military ancient town in the southwest, we can better understand the historical military activities, cultural connotations, social changes, and historical background of traditional settlements. The historical planning of the defence of traditional settlements both contributes to its cultural heritage and as an important reference and inspiration for modern planning and management.
Toward a data-informed framework for the assessment of digital readiness of higher education institutions
Authors: Chounta Irene-Angelica , Ortega-Arranz Alejandro , Daskalaki Sophia , Dimitriadis Yannis , Avouris Nikolaos
Published: November 2024

This paper aims to address Digital Readiness in Higher Education Institutions from the perspective of data-informed and evidence-based assessment of Digital Readiness. Related research suggests that existing instruments for assessing digitalization aspects are limited to self-assessment, and there is a need for data-informed frameworks that will allow automated assessments based on data that Higher Education Institutions already collect. To bridge this gap, we propose a conceptual, data-informed framework for assessing Digital Readiness in Higher Education Institutions. We followed a participatory approach informed by related theory and practice to design, together with stakeholders from three academic institutions in three European countries, a Digital Readiness assessment framework on seven dimensions accompanied by 72 data-informed indicators. Digitalization of Higher Education is a priority in political agendas, and educational institutions have acknowledged it as an opportunity to promote digitalization of teaching and learning, organizational structures, and technical services, enabling innovation and internationalization. We envision that this work contributes towards supporting educational institutions in self-reflecting upon their digitalization policies and practices.
Simultaneously resettable zero knowledge protocol in Public Key model
Authors: Zhu Wei , Deng Yi
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we construct a 6-round simultaneously resettable sound resettable $$(T, \epsilon )$$

(
T
,
ϵ
)

-zero knowledge protocol for $$\mathsf {NP \cap coNP}$$

NP
∩
coNP

in the Public Key model under standard assumptions, comparing with the 27-round simultaneously resettable zero knowledge protocol in the BPK model by Deng et al. in 2011, we have achieved a significant reduction in the round complexity. Our model assumes that both prover and verifier hold public keys, we call it the Public Key model. It is a variation of the traditional BPK model where only the verifier is assumed to hold public keys. In the original BPK model, under the sub-exponential hardness assumption of factoring, we construct a 2-round simultaneously resettable sound resettable $$(T,\epsilon )$$

(
T
,
ϵ
)

-zero knowledge protocol for $$\textsf{NP}$$
NP
.
MS brain health quality standards: a survey on the reality in clinical practice in Germany
Authors: Voigt Isabel , Akgün Katja , Inojosa Hernan , Haas Judith , Temmes Herbert , Meuth Sven G. , Giovannoni Gavin , Ziemssen Tjalf
Published: November 2024

Background

The quality of treatment is especially critical in the context of complex and chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The Brain Health Initiative, an independent international consortium of neurologists, reached a consensus on time-based quality standards prioritizing brain health-focused care for people with MS.

Objectives

To gain deeper insights into the transferability of these quality standards to a specific area, we conducted a survey among MS experts across various MS centers in Germany.

Methods

Participants were asked about time frames considered high standards and those currently being implemented in daily routine based on their experience.

Results

The results reveal a large gap between ideal conceptions and their adaptation in the real world, mostly due to a lack of resources.

Conclusions

Nevertheless, these guidelines and recommendations can be aspired to as ideals. Consensual and inclusive clinical pathways complemented by measurable quality indicators are needed to improve care and approach these ideals. Neither exists in the current management of MS.
Development and validation of an Arabic tool for assessment of post-vaccination confidence in COVID-19 vaccines (ARAB-VAX-CONF)
Authors: Abuyadek Rowan , ElHafeez Samar Abd , Tahoun Mohamed Mostafa , Othman Sally Samir , Omran Abdelrahman , Fathy Naglaa , Ghazy Ramy Mohamed
Published: November 2024

Background

Vaccine confidence is described as a belief that vaccines are effective, safe, and part of a trustworthy health system. The objective of this study was to develop and validate an Arabic tool to evaluate confidence in the received coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines (ARAB-VAX-CONF).

Methods

The research team developed the ARAB-VAX-CONF based on three areas specified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): confidence in vaccine effectiveness, confidence in vaccine safety, and confidence in the healthcare system. The analysis includes data from 406 eligible vaccinated persons (≥ 18 years). Cronbach’s alpha was used to measure internal consistency, while convergent, discriminant, exploratory, and confirmatory factor analyses were used to verify construct validity.

Results

A total of 406 adults were recruited, with a mean age of 33.0 ± 12.2 years. A total of 63.1% were males, 56.7% were married, 21.9% had chronic conditions, 93.3% were nonsmokers, and 39.6% were obligated to obtain vaccines. The three domains of the scale met the criterion of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.7). Convergent validity was identified by the significant inter-item and item-mean score of the domain correlation (P < 0.001). Discriminant validity was reported as the inter-factor correlation matrix (< 0.7). The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin sampling adequacy measure was 0.80, and Bartlett’s sphericity test was significant (P < 0.001). Exploratory factor analysis indicated that the scale could be summarized into three factors. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the adequate psychometric properties and fit with observed data (root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.08, comparative fit index = 0.945, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.924, standardized root-mean-square residual = 0.086, normed fit index = 0.918, and goodness-of-fit index = 0.909).

Conclusions

The ARAB-VAX-CONF developed in this study is valid and reliable for assessing confidence in vaccine effectiveness, safety, and confidence in the healthcare system. The ARAB-VAX-CONF can support decision-makers in addressing the gap in vaccine confidence among various populations.
Adrenal Disorders in Pregnancy. A Comprehensive Review and Prospects for Future Research
Authors: Filipek Kinga , Zalewska Natalia , Skiekowski Bartosz , Mugała Waldemar , Mrugała Sebastian , Muciek Michał , Kawka Jakub , Czyżewski Filip , Baranowska Katarzyna , Baranowska Alicja
Published: November 2024

Introduction and purpose: Adrenal disorders cover a spectrum of conditions, including adrenal insufficiency, Cushing's syndrome and others. Each disorder has its own implications for pregnancy and requires an individualised approach. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of adrenal disorders during pregnancy, such as endogenous Cushing's syndrome, adrenal insufficiency, primary aldosteronism, and pheochromocytoma.
Brief description of the state of knowledge: During pregnancy, a number of adaptive processes take place in a woman's body including changes in the endocrine system. Given all these changes, adrenal diseases pose both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The symptoms of adrenal diseases often overlap with those observed during physiological pregnancy. Adrenal disorders during pregnancy if unrecognised or treated inadequately, can lead to negative consequences for the mother and foetus, indicating the importance of awareness of these conditions among physicians. 
Conclusions: Treating and diagnosing adrenal diseases during pregnancy is a major challenge for doctors. It is crucial to diagnose adrenal diseases in pregnant women as early as possible, and to meticulously plan pregnancies for women diagnosed before conception to prevent the negative consequences of untreated adrenal disorders. Optimal control of treatment before conception should be sought. Access to specialised centres with multidisciplinary teams experienced in treating these conditions is crucial for optimal maternal and foetal care.
The impact of diet on the inflammatory bowel disease course – a literature review
Authors: Nowotarska Agnieszka , Błaszczyński Gustaw , Nojek Paweł , Pawlik Wiktoria , Zimonczyk Mariusz , Zawół Monika , Jaglarz Karolina , Kuca Maciej
Published: November 2024

Introduction and Objective. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder marked by relapsing symptoms. Current treatments mainly involve immunosuppressive therapies, which are effective but may have significant side effects. Diet as an adjunctive treatment is appealing due to its accessibility, low cost, and minimal adverse effects. This review explores the role of diet in managing IBD, focusing on dietary strategies during both active disease and remission.
Methods. A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar with search terms like "inflammatory bowel disease", "Crohn’s disease", "ulcerative colitis", "diet", "IBD treatment", "anti-inflammatory food" and related variations. Articles published within the last five years were prioritized.
Brief description of the state of Knowledge. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease cause gastrointestinal inflammation. Crohn’s disease symptoms include abdominal pain, fistulas and rectal lesions, while UC is characterized by diarrhea, severe discomfort, and blood in the stool. Certain foods often exacerbate IBD symptoms. Proper nutrition during disease stages can improve patients’ quality of life. Diets high in processed foods, sugar, and red meat may increase IBD risk, while fiber and vitamin D3 are associated with fewer flare-ups. Regular malnutrition screening is essential for all IBD patients.
Conclusions. Understanding the dietary components that influence inflammation in IBD could lead to better treatment outcomes and longer-lasting symptom relief. Integrating nutrition into personalized treatment strategies should become standard practice for managing IBD.
The Association between Allergies and Hematologic Tumors — A Review
Authors: Hrapkowicz Aleksandra , Szydziak Joanna , Janowska Kinga , Szeidl Olga , Rehan Dominika , Wołoszczak Julia , Mioskowska  Agnieszka , Dąbkowska Daria
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Dysfunctions of the immune system in allergic diseases and hematological malignancies are the subject of many studies due to the mechanisms that link them. Chronic inflammation created in the immune response in an allergic reaction has been associated with developing neoplastic diseases. 
Aim of the study: This review examines the potential correlation between Allergies and Hematologic Tumors: acute lymphoblastic leukemia, childhood leukemias, non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphomas.  
Material and methods: An English-language literature review was conducted, analyzing studies from the PubMed database up to October 2024 regarding the correlation between Allergies and Hematologic Tumors. The review was performed using the PubMed database, with 50 works used. 
Conclusions: The relationship between allergies and hematological tumors is unclear. According to some studies, this relationship does not exist; some state, however, that allergic diseases show correlations with hematological malignancies. The results of these studies do not provide a clear answer to whether this is a positive or negative relationship. Some studies suggest that allergies reduce the risk of hematological malignancies, while others contradict this, suggesting that allergies may increase the risk of hematological tumors. The results of studies showing an increased risk of hematological malignancies in people suffering from allergies can be due to the hypothesis of antigenic stimulation, which may explain the mechanism of correlation between those diseases. This hypothesis suggests that chronic immune stimulation predisposes to hematologic malignancies such as multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and leukemia by promoting the development of randomly occurring pro-oncogenic mutations in actively dividing immune cells. Different results on this potential correlation showed that further studies are necessary.
Exploring friends with benefits: a review of research and insights from the Polish context
Authors: Maciocha Agnieszka , Wdowiak Krystian , Wąż Julia , Witas Aleksandra , Drogoń Justyna , Chachaj Weronika , Gardocka Ewa
Published: November 2024

Introduction and Objective :"Friends with benefits" relationships (FWBR) are becoming increasingly common. Defined as friendships involving sexual activity without romantic commitment, FWBRs blur the boundaries between friendship and romance. The aim of this article is to gather the most up-to-date information on "friends with benefits" relationships.Review Methods: A review of studies available on the PubMed platform (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) was conducted, including articles with free full-text access that used the keywords: “friends with benefits relationship”, “friends with benefits,” "FWB," and "FWBR."Brief Description of the State of Knowledge: Many individuals involved in friends with benefits relationships establish their own rules, and one surprising trend is the frequent observance of sexual exclusivity. Research on the prevalence of FWBRs has focused largely on students in the USA, but there is limited data on FWBRs in Poland, where they appear to be rising in popularity, influenced by dating sites and population migrations. Studies indicate that men, residents of larger cities, and less religious individuals are more likely to participate in FWBRs.Summary: FWBRs offer a unique dynamic where individuals can avoid the emotional commitments and negative traits of traditional romantic relationships. However, these relationships also present challenges, such as differing expectations between the partners and the societal stigma that may be associated with them.
role of lipoprotein a in cardiac risk stratification and evaluation of hypolipemizing treatment
Authors: Maciąg Maria , Garbacz Karolina , Pasztelan Małgorzata , Marczak Aleksandra , Krawczuk vel Walczuk Julia , Pulikowski Jarosław , Słaboń Małgorzata , Sobczyk Maciej , Muca Aleksandra , Baran Joanna
Published: November 2024

Introduction and purpose
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most common causes of death. Due to their popularity and the costs they generate, they are a significant problem. One of the cardiovascular risk factors is the level of lipoprotein(a). Lipoprotein (a) levels are not commonly used to stratify cardiovascular risk, but recommendations suggest that every adult should have them checked. The aim of this study is to discuss current knowledge about the role of lipoprotein (a) in cardiac risk stratification and evaluation of hypolipemizing treatment.
Material and methods
The PubMed database was used to review the literature. An electronic literature search was conducted, publication years were limited to 2018-2024. Three articles that did not meet this criterion due to their earlier publication dates were included because they served as important sources of information for this article. Keywords were used as search terms.
Conclusion
Based on the available data, the benefits of lowering lipoprotein(a) levels in the context of cardiovascular diseases cannot be confirmed. There is a need for further research into the role of lipoprotein (a) in stratifying cardiovascular risk, the benefits of lowering its levels, and specific therapeutic approaches for this disorder.
The advantage of matcha green tea over other drinks: A comprehensive review
Authors: Starzomska Dominika , Gajdzińska Natalia , Basiura Karolina , Salwa Adam , Rymaszewska Katarzyna , Puchała Justyna
Published: November 2024

Matcha green tea is a finely ground powder made from specially cultivated and processed leaves of Camellia sinensis. Key components of matcha include catechins, caffeine, theanine, fat-soluble vitamins, insoluble dietary fibers, chlorophylls, and proteins. Studies indicate that matcha green tea may offer various health benefits, such as reducing the effects of aging, alleviating stress, and mitigating cognitive impairment. Furthermore, regular consumption of matcha tea supports gut microbiome health, enhances immune function, and reduces the risk of inflammation as well as certain types of cancer. This review strengthens the connection between regular intake of matcha green tea and overall well-being.
Therapeutic Potential of Cannabinoids in Glaucoma – Hit or Myth? - A Review
Authors: Górny Julia , Kapciak Alicja , Forenc Tomasz , Jurek Jonasz , Pelczarska Aleksandra , Hunia Jaromir , Komorowski Marcin , Kaczorowski Rafał , Janiszewski Michał
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness, characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) that damages the optic nerve. Current treatments mainly focus on reducing IOP, but some patients do not respond adequately to conventional therapies. Cannabinoids, particularly Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), have been investigated as potential adjunctive treatments for glaucoma. Studies have shown varying effects of cannabinoids on IOP regulation, though their precise mechanisms remain unclear.
Aim of Study: This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids in the treatment of glaucoma by examining their effects on IOP, their mechanisms of action, and the risks and benefits associated with their use.
Material and methods: A comprehensive literature review of studies on the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids in glaucoma was conducted using the PubMed database.
Results and Conclusions: Cannabinoids, especially Δ9-THC, have demonstrated the ability to reduce IOP in both healthy individuals and glaucoma patients. However, the effect is typically short-lived, lasting only 3-4 hours. The efficacy of cannabinoids in reducing IOP is influenced by the method of administration (oral, intravenous, inhalation) and the delivery system used for topical application. Despite some promising results, the use of cannabinoids as a mainstream glaucoma treatment is limited by factors such as the short duration of action, the potential for addiction, and the occurrence of adverse effects like tachycardia, hypotension, and cognitive impairment. Although cannabinoids offer a unique approach to glaucoma management, further research is necessary to address these limitations and determine their long-term therapeutic viability.
RhD alloimmunization – diagnostics, therapy and prophylaxis
Authors: Ciesielski Radoslaw , Mich Anna , Perkowska Klaudia , Kaźmierczak Anna , Izdebska Wiktoria , Sornek Patrycja , Borkowska Agata , Kiełb Anna , Pawlak Igor , Stanek Jakub
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
The success in preventing and treating Rh D alloimmunization is a major accomplishment in modern obstetrics. The widespread use of Rh D immune globulin has led to a decline in red cell alloimmunization. Despite evidence of its effectiveness, many cases of Rh D alloimmunization persist due to non-compliance with established protocols. Implementing routine anti-D prophylaxis (RAADP) during the third trimester is well-established but requires more careful.
Aim of study:
The aim of the study is to summarize the available knowledge about alloimmunization in pregnancy and methods of prophylaxis. The definition, patomechanism, methods of treatment and prophylaxis were summarized and described.
Materials and methods:
The literature available in PubMed database was reviewed using following keywords: “alloimmunization in pregnancy”, “serological conflict”, “fetal anemia”, “HDFN”, “prophylaxis of alloimmunization”.

Conclusion:

Advancements in diagnosing, treating, and preventing hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn are notable. Quick, non-invasive diagnostics have facilitated more efficient treatment implementation. Prevention methods include specific and nonspecific prophylaxis, which can start during or after pregnancy. Numerous guidelines and studies exist regarding immunoglobulin use in pregnancy. However, medical staff education on managing hemolytic disease during pregnancy is crucial.
Interrelationships between affective disorders in the form of depression and obesity and overweight - A systematic review
Authors: Marczak Aleksandra , Krawczuk vel Walczuk Julia , Maciąg Maria , Sobczyk Maciej , Garbacz Karolina , Pasztelan Małgorzata , Pulikowski Jarosław , Muca Aleksandra , Słaboń Małgorzata , Baran Joanna
Published: November 2024

Both depression and obesity are significant health, social and economic problems. 
Depressive disorders were the second most common psychiatric disorder in 2017 after anxiety disorders. According to data published by the World Health Organization (WHO), depression affects about 280 million people worldwide, which is about 3.8 percent of the population. The etiology of depressive disorders is very complex and still not fully understood. The theories described so far complement each other. The factors underlying the development of depressive disorders can be divided into biological, psychological and other factors. Eating disorders in the form of overweight and obesity result from a loss of balance between anabolic and catabolic processes. This is most often led by insufficient physical activity and excess caloric intake. Hormonal disorders, genetic factors and environmental factors may also play an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity. The steadily increasing number of people suffering from depression and obesity prompts the search for links between these two seemingly unrelated disease entities. According to current knowledge, these diseases are bi-directionally linked by genetic, psychological, metabolic and social factors. Depression is associated with an increase in the risk of obesity by about 37% relative to those without depression. Obesity is associated with an increase in the risk of depressive disorders by about 18%. Understanding the links that exist between depressive disorders and obesity enables the search for new therapeutic options. The most important conclusion from the scientific research conducted so far is the advantage of simultaneous treatment of obesity and depression over treating these disease entities individually.
Aromatic Serenity: How Lavender Eases Stress and Anxiety - A Literature Review
Authors: Karoń Karolina , Karoń Łukasz , Zygmunt Anna , Grabowski Wojciech , Pedrycz Emilia , Drapała Grzegorz , Pedrycz Daria
Published: November 2024

In today's fast-paced society, rising stress levels necessitate effective management strategies. While pharmacological treatments are common, their side effects have spurred interest in alternative therapies, particularly those rooted in natural remedies. Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), long esteemed for its calming properties, has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological option. Historical use in herbal medicine for anxiety and stress-related disorders has inspired modern scientific research to explore its potential. This review synthesizes recent studies on lavender essential oil, examining its mechanisms—such as neurotransmitter modulation—and its effectiveness in diverse settings, from reducing stress among healthcare professionals to improving sleep quality. Despite promising results, limitations like small sample sizes and variability in application methods highlight the need for more rigorous research to establish lavender's efficacy and optimize its therapeutic use in stress management and mental health care.
Oral Health Complications of SCUBA Diving
Authors: Sionek-Wręga Irena , Wręga Jakub
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVE
This review aims to assess the specific oral health complications associated with SCUBA diving, including barodontalgia, barosinusitis, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, and to examine the dental implications of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) used in decompression sickness treatment. Additionally, this review identifies gaps in the literature and suggests areas for further research to improve dental care guidelines for divers.
 
MATERIALS AND METHODS 
A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and Scopus databases from 2004 to 2024, focusing on terms such as "barodontalgia," "dental barotrauma," and "diving dentistry." From 77 initial articles, 25 studies were selected based on relevance to pressure-induced oral complications, diving-related barotrauma, and dental management for SCUBA divers.
 
RESULTS 
The review identifies barodontalgia as a prevalent issue, commonly triggered by untreated caries or defective restorations, with symptoms intensified by pressure changes. TMJ disorders, linked to prolonged clenching on diving mouthpieces, and sinus-related barotrauma also emerged as significant concerns. Preventive measures, including regular dental checkups, use of resin-based cements, and customized mouthpieces, are recommended to reduce risks. Furthermore, the review highlights a need for larger, controlled studies across diverse diver populations to validate current recommendations and develop accessible guidelines, especially for recreational divers who may lack access to specialized dental care.
Artificial Intelligence in Emergency Medicine: A Literature Review
Authors: Sitarek Gracjan , Żerek Marta
Published: November 2024

IntroductionArtificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming medical fields, particularly emergency medicine (EM), where timely decision-making is crucial. AI offers potential benefits in diagnostic accuracy, patient care optimization, and workflow efficiency within emergency departments (EDs).
Purpose of WorkThis review aims to synthesize recent advancements in AI applications within emergency medicine, focusing on diagnostic support, patient triage, clinical decision support systems (CDSS), and workflow optimization. Additionally, we highlight the potential benefits, challenges, and future directions for AI in EM.
Material and MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. We reviewed peer-reviewed articles from 2008 to 2024, focusing on AI-driven solutions in EDs. Keywords included "artificial intelligence," "emergency medicine," "machine learning," and "clinical decision support." Studies were selected based on their relevance to AI applications in EM, diagnostic improvements, and operational efficiency.
The results highlight the promising role of AI in improving diagnostic accuracy, reducing overcrowding, optimizing triage processes, and addressing clinician workload. However, challenges like ethical concerns, data bias, and the need for clinical validation remain. Further research is necessary to integrate AI more effectively in clinical practice.
L-arginine Supplementation in Endurance Athletes: A Systematic Review of Recovery Mechanisms and Performance Enhancement
Authors: Karoń Łukasz , Zygmunt Anna Ewa , Karoń Karolina , Grabowski Wojciech , Drapała Grzegorz , Pedrycz Emilia , Pedrycz Daria
Published: November 2024

L-arginine, a semi-essential amino acid, has garnered significant attention for its potential to enhance athletic performance, particularly within endurance sports. Recognized for its multifaceted roles in cardiovascular, immune, and metabolic functions, L-arginine serves as a precursor to biologically active molecules, including nitric oxide (NO), creatine, and polyamines, which are integral to muscle function and recovery. Through its ability to stimulate NO production, L-arginine promotes vasodilation, enhancing blood flow and oxygen delivery to active muscles, thereby improving exercise efficiency and endurance. Additionally, L-arginine influences muscle protein synthesis (MPS) via activation of the mTOR signaling pathway, aids in ammonia detoxification within the urea cycle, and supports cellular energetics by facilitating ATP production. These mechanisms collectively underscore its potential to support prolonged physical exertion, reduce muscle fatigue, and expedite post-exercise recovery. This systematic review examines current evidence on L-arginine supplementation in endurance athletes, focusing on its physiological impacts, mechanisms of action, and potential to enhance recovery and performance. Despite promising findings, variability in individual responses and mixed results across studies highlight the need for refined dosing strategies and further research into long-term safety and efficacy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of L-arginine's potential as a supplement in sports nutrition, aiming to inform evidence-based recommendations for its application in endurance training and recovery strategies.
Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (PitNETs) – a literature review
Authors: Skiba Jakub , Skiba Zuzanna , Tylczyńska Kinga , Tylczyńska Natalia , Kowalik Kinga , Michalska Maria , Zielińska Aleksandra , Szypulski Szymon , Iwaniuk Sebastian , Maciejewski Ignacy
Published: November 2024

Introduction and Purpose: Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), commonly known as pituitary adenomas, are tumors originating from the adenohypophysis. The purpose of this review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest classification, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment options for different types of PitNETs.
Description of state of knowledge: The World Health Organization (WHO) 2022 guidelines introduced a new classification system for PitNETs, emphasizing the importance of immunohistochemistry in diagnosing these tumors and identifying key transcription factors like PIT1, TPIT, and SF1. Clinical presentation of PitNETs vary widely, with symptoms ranging from mass effect related issues like headaches and visual disturbances to hormone excess syndromes such as hyperprolactinemia, acromegaly, and Cushing’s disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for diagnosing adenomas. Treatment approaches depend on tumor type, with dopamine agonists being the first-line treatment for prolactinomas, while endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) is the preferred treatment for other PitNETs. EETS achieves high rates of gross total resection and low recurrence. For patients with persistent or recurrent disease, reoperation, medical therapy, or radiotherapy may be required.
Conclusions: Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors represent a diverse group of tumors that require an individualized, multidisciplinary approach for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment, aimed at optimizing patient outcomes.
The effect of ischemic preconditioning on the cardiac autonomic nervous system after exercise: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Chuan qiu shui , Wang Kun , Liu Hengxu , Liu Shi qi , Yang Yi , Luo Jiong
Published: November 2024

Aims: The objective of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the influence of ischemic preconditioning intervention on the autonomic control nerves of athletes during the post-exercise period.
Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were sourced from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wipo, CNKI, and Cochrane databases, covering the period from inception to December 2023. The quality of the included RCTs was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk Assessment Tool, and a systematic assessment was conducted using RevMan 5.3.
Results: Seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 88 subjects were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis indicated that ischemic preconditioning significantly improved heart rate during both short-term recoveries (mean difference [MD] = -3.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -5.93 to -2.05, p < 0.00001) and long-term recovery post-exercise (MD = -9.73, 95% CI: -12.74 to -6.73, p < 0.00001). However, there was no significant effect observed on resting state heart rate variability (HRV) or peak heart rate (HR peak) at the end of exercise (MD = -0.16, 95% CI: -2.46 to 2.14, p = 0.89).
Conclusion: Ischemic preconditioning facilitates the prompt reactivation of cardiac parasympathetic nerves following exercise and enhances both short-term and long-term heart rate recovery. The extent of this recovery effect may be influenced by factors such as the dosage of the intervention, the individual’s training level, and the intensity of the exercise performed.
Limitation: Given the limited number of included studies, the small sample size, and the unclear definition of some experimental procedures, it is essential to design more rigorous and comprehensive high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the future to investigate the effects of ischemic preconditioning on cardiac autonomic control nerves following exercise.
Registration: INPLASY202440069
The role of the Mediterranean Diet in preventing the development and complications of lifestyle diseases – a Review
Authors: Kapciak Alicja , Górny Julia , Kaczorowski Rafał , Pelczarska Aleksandra , Janiszewski Michał , Komorowski Marcin , Forenc Tomasz , Hunia Jaromir , Jurek Jonasz
Published: November 2024

IntroductionThe Mediterranean diet, inspired by traditional dietary habits of the Mediterranean region, exhibits anti-inflammatory and protective effects, reducing the risk of civilization diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. This diet is characterized by a high intake of plant-based foods, olive oil, and moderate consumption of fish and dairy products. These components provide unsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, and antioxidants, which positively impact metabolic health and lower the risk of chronic diseases. In the face of the global obesity epidemic and an increasing number of individuals affected by lifestyle-related diseases, the Mediterranean diet offers a promising tool to support a healthy lifestyle.
Aim of study
This article aims to review current scientific studies evaluating the potential of the Mediterranean diet in preventing and managing civilization diseases. Particular attention is given to its effects on weight loss, improvements in glycemic markers, reductions in low density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol levels, and blood pressure control. The article also explores its benefits for athletes' health, as well as its potential to reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory states.
Material and methods 
A literature review of the PubMed database was conducted, assessing relevant studies on the Mediterranean diet and its impact on lifestyle diseases.
High-dynamic-range radiation thermometer of flame based on multi-flux in parallel
Authors: Yue Bokun , Guan Jinge , Shi Jinhao , Zheng Yongqiu , Li Nan , Xue Chenyang
Published: November 2024

For combustion flame with significant variations in radiation intensity, traditional radiation thermometers often have a limited dynamic range due to the response characteristic of photoelectric sensitive sensor. This limitation can lead to extreme exposure including overexposure and underexposure, and make it difficult to conduct effective temperature measurement. To address this problem, a high-dynamic-range (HDR) radiation thermometer is proposed based on the multi-flux structure in parallel. The flame radiation is distributed to different imaging channels with number of eight, which are equipped with gradient F-number to control the light flux entering the imaging sensors. Radiation intensity of flame is matched because there exists an optimal one among different flux levels. What is important is that imaging sensors in different channels can work synchronously to apply in the transient combustion scenarios. The HDR radiation thermometer is processed by the integration of optics, mechanism, and electricity. Through the thermometer calibration of field of view, focusing, and photoelectric mapping relationship, radiation thermometry experiments are conducted on the disturbed candle flame and methane combustion flame with uneven distribution of radiation intensity. The results show that the combination of optimal flux levels at different times can effectively avoid extreme exposure of imaging sensors and reveal the evolution characteristics of flame temperature, which demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed method. Our work has potential applications in temperature diagnosis of complex combustion environments with uneven radiation intensity in time and spatial domain.
Scattering imaging of moving targets based on recurrent neural networks: a fusion of temporal and phase information
Authors: Yan Zhenting , Huang Huiling , Chen Yili , Lin Hanfei , Farea Ebraheem , Hua Xingzhao , Han Jun
Published: November 2024

The speckle degradation caused by scattering media posed barriers to capturing the displacement information of moving objects. Moreover, the optical memory effect (OME) further restricts the imaging range, and current methodologies neglect the long-term temporal dynamics of the entire motion process. To overcome these limitations, we propose the temporal and phase recurrent neural network (TP-RNN), which leverages the temporal properties of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and incorporates the phase extraction block (PEB) for handling phase spectrum information. The RNN unit captures and transmits temporal information between speckle image frames, while the PEB focuses on extracting key phase spectrum details from the features. This fusion strategy enables the network to recover moving objects and perform accurate quantitative predictions effectively. Experimental results validate that TP-RNN achieves high-precision imaging for moving targets across diverse trajectories and complexities, limiting prediction errors to within 1 pixel.
Designing structures that maximize spatially averaged surface-enhanced Raman spectra: erratum
Authors: Hammond Ian M. , Chao Pengning , Yao Wenjie , Verdugo Francesc , Everitt Henry O. , Christiansen Rasmus E. , Johnson Steven G.
Published: November 2024

This erratum corrects a misstatement regarding the absence of non-integrable singularities in 2d distributed Raman sensing applications and a formula [Eq. (9)] for one case of Raman enhancement. These changes do not impact the other results presented in the original manuscript [Opt. Express 31, 4964 (2023)10.1364/OE.472646].
Tissue culture and cryopreservation in the utilization and conservation of genetic resources of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and elms (Ulmus glabra, U. laevis)
Authors:   University of Helsinki, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Forest Sciences, Välimäki Sakari
Published: November 2024

In this work, tissue culture techniques were developed for two purposes: the production of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) forest regeneration material with somatic embryogenesis (I–III) and the conservation of genetic resources of European white elm (Ulmus laevis Pall.) and wych elm (Ulmus glabra Huds.) with cryopreservation and organogenesis (IV, V). In P. abies somatic embryogenesis, zygotic embryos are used as explants to produce embryogenic tissue, which can be matured into copies of the initial embryo for clonal propagation. In Paper I Plantform temporary immersion system bioreactors were tested for P. abies somatic embryogenesis. The production of cotyledonary embryos in bioreactors required adding steps to the protocol and the bioreactors were laborious to use. In Paper II growing embryogenic tissue in suspension culture was evaluated. Suspension culture is more scalable than propagation on a semi-solid media. However, it required rinsing the tissue before maturation and it could benefit from optimizing the media composition. Higher hydrogen peroxide content was observed in embryogenic tissue grown in suspension than on semi-solid media, but no conclusive evidence of higher oxidative stress in suspension culture was found. In Paper III, filter disc cultures grew faster than clumps on semi-solid media and produced slightly more embryos. The storage compound profile of somatic embryos was most similar to the zygotic embryos at 4–8 weeks of cold storage. In organogenesis, plant organs and new plants are clonally propagated from meristematic tissues or through a callus phase. In Paper IV, a micropropagation protocol was developed to regenerate U. laevis and U. glabra dormant buds from cryostorage. Both elm species are endangered in Finland and globally threatened by Dutch elm disease. The main challenges were surface sterilization and poor regeneration of U. glabra from cryostorage. In Paper V, dehydration was successfully implemented to improve the regeneration rate.