bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and practices toward prevention of COVID-19 among students of Baptist High School Lafia, Nigeria
Authors: Umar Sulaiman , Abdulkadir Ahmad Dahuwa , Devi Kanchan
Published: May 2022

Objectives:

The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge regarding COVID-19 among Students of Baptist High School; to assess the practices towards prevention of COVID-19 among Students of Baptist High School; and to find out the statistical significance between their level of knowledge regarding COVID-19 with their selected socio-demographic variables.

Material and Methods:

The research design used for the study was descriptive survey design; convenient sampling technique was used to select 50 Students of Baptist High School Lafia, Nigeria. Data were collected using self-structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge and practices toward prevention of COVID-19 among Students of Baptist High School Lafia, Nigeria. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of IBM SPSS Statistics for version 23.0.

Results:

The results showed that the age range of the majority of the respondents is between 12–14 years and 15– 17 years accounted for 18 (36%), out of 50 (100%) respondent majority 45 (90.0%) had adequate knowledge, 4 (8.0%) had moderate knowledge, but only 1 (2.0%) had inadequate knowledge, therefore, H1:1 Hypothesis was accepted while H0:1 Hypothesis was rejected; 23 (46.0%) of the respondent had high level of practices towards prevention of COVID-19, but majority 27 (54.0%) had low level of practices towards prevention of COVID-19. Hence, the H0:2 Hypothesis was accepted while H1:2 Hypothesis was rejected. There was statistically significant between their level of knowledge with their selected socio-demographic variables such as family history of COVID-19, yes (P = 0.089), no (0.000). Therefore, the H1:3 Hypothesis was accepted while H0:3 Hypothesis was rejected.

Conclusion:

Recommendation was given to conduct a similar study in different setting using large sample so that to generalize the findings.
Exhibition Activities of the Pavlovsk Palace and Park Ensemble in the 1950s
Authors: Vasinskaya Maria V.
Published: May 2022

During the period of active post-war restoration of the palace and park ensembles of Leningrad, in the absence of permanent expositions, exhibitions were one of the few ways of museum communication. The article focuses on the exhibitions of the Pavlovsk Palace Museum and Park in the 1950s. As a research base, the author uses articles from the newspaper “Vperyod” issued in the city of Pushkin, and unpublished materials of the Central State Archive of Literature and Art of St. Petersburg: reports and plans of the directorate, programs of festive events, minutes of the scientific department employees’ meetings, financial reports of the 1950s, etc.

On the example of Pavlovsk, the article reveals the essence of exhibitions as a typical phenomenon for a museum complex, as well as for a culture and recreation park, which allowed forming civic consciousness and implementing state cultural policy. The exhibitions helped to solve a set of political, educational, personality-developing, leisure, and cultural tasks of Soviet cultural institutions.

The author conducts a comparative quantitative analysis of the total number of exhibitions by year. Based on the content of the exhibitions, there is provided a universal thematic classification. The article shows the connection of the disclosed topics and the number of exhibitions with the cultural and political situation in the country during that period. There is determined the organizational specifics of the process, within which the main sites, time and forms of exhibitions are identified.

The article concludes that most of the exhibitions did not correspond to the museum’s essence, but those that related directly to the history of the museum and its collections were in tourist demand. Some of the exhibitions of the museum profile, over time, determined the content of the future permanent expositions of the State Museum-Reserve “Pavlovsk”. The emergence and growth of such exhibitions, covered in the media, contributed to the activation of visitor interest in Pavlovsk as a museum and the development of cultural tourism, primarily at the local and regional level.
The Saratov Scientific Archival Commission as a Creator of the City’s Images (Second Half of the 19th — Early 20th Century)
Authors: Ivinskaya Irina D.
Published: May 2022

Russia of the second half of the 19th — early 20th century was characterized by a transformation of culture in general, as well as at the local level. There was an increase in urban territorial self-awareness, which determined the formation of urban communities that considered it their duty to show the significance of their city among others, to draw attention to it. In the post-reform period, Saratov became one of the few provincial cities in which an archival commission appeared, whose representatives were engaged in collecting and studying the past of the city.

Based on the materials of regional sources (historical and local essays, guidebooks, and the works of the Saratov Scientific Archival Commission), the article for the first time examines the Commission’s activities in two ways: as a representation of already existing, established images of the city, and as a creator of new ones.

This study strives to answer the question of what the local urban community of Saratov was in the period under review, and to analyze how its activities influenced the formation of the city’s images. The article finds that the texts created were aimed at dispelling the existing myths about the city as a “back country”, “village”. The analysis of the class affiliation and professional composition of the members of the Saratov Scientific Archival Commission testifies to the democratization of the process of forming the city’s images, which were created not only in the space of noble culture, but in the wide urban space. In the second half of the 19th — early 20th century, the social stratification of provincial society underwent changes, which led to the isolation of social groups with differences in class, education, profession, lifestyle, and value system.
Polymer Reaction Engineering at EPFL
Authors: Porchet Stéphane , Meyer Thierry
Published: May 2022

The polymer reaction engineering group at EPFL takes an active part in the following research fields: Reaction engineering:• Kinetic modeling of polymerization reactions (lab and pilot scale reactors), free radical, polyepoxydation, polycondensation.• Development, scale-up and optimization of continuous polymerization processes.• Development of inline analytical sensors for polymerization process control.Polymerization reactions:• Polymerization initiated by multifunctional initiators.• Polymerization under supercritical conditions.• Development of selective adsorbents from modified polymers.Several topics such as inline sensors, multifunctional initiators, polyepoxydation and modification of polymer matrices are presented.
Dynamics of Flexible Polymer Chains in Elongational Flow
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Q.
Published: May 2022

This paper focuses on the recent developments achieved in our group in the field of flexible polymer chain dynamics in elongational flow. Stress-induced orientation and deformation in flowing polymer solution is being surveyed in a wide variety of manifestations. Two types of flow fields have been investigated: the opposite-jet flow with a stagnation point, and the abrupt contraction flow with open flowlines. Emphasis has been placed on the latter geometry due to its widespread occurrence. Degradation experiments performed with dilute PS solutions in abrupt contraction flow demonstrate a distinct propensity for midchain scission, a feature apparently consistent with highly extended chains. On the other hand, the critical strain-rate for chain fracture (ἐf) determined under the same experimental conditions scales with M-1. The inverse relationship with polymer MW is characteristic of partly uncoiled chains but not of highly extended chains, for which a stronger MW dependence (ἐf) ∝ M-2 is expected. The 'yo-yo' model, which could rationalize these findings, is refuted by fluorescence depolarisation measurements which indicated that central orientation is more progressive than the average segmental orientation. For the first time, polarization-modulated birefringence was used to determine the state of local chain orientation in abrupt contraction flow. Axisymmetric contraction flow is complicated by the large variations in local molecular orientation along different streamlines. To account for this effect, a numerical inverse Abel transform has been devised to compute local birefringence (Δn) from experimental retardation (δ). Results show a steep decrease in birefringence with axial distance. Birefringence profiles determined in a direction perpendicular to the flow show a maximum, not at the centre, but in the vicinity of the orifice walls. This observation is in accord with flow simulation results which indicated the presence of extreme strain rates near re-entrant corners. Molecular extension ratios calculated with the Kuhn-Grün theory gives a qualitative description of polymer uncoiling up to about one third of the chain contour length at the approach of capillary entrance. A notable departure from the affine deformation model is, however, observed with multiple birefringence saturation levels changing with flow rate conditions. This behaviour could be explained by the presence of transient molecular conformations. Efforts are underway to visualize these metastable states by single chain fluorescence video microscopy using UHMW polystyrene randomly grafted with anthracene chromophores.
Polymers and Cold Plasmas
Authors: Gröning Pierangelo , Collaud Coen Martine , Schlapbach Louis
Published: May 2022

In the last 15 years the use of plasma for materials processing has received a great amount of interest. The scope of possible applications is expanding rapidly and covers a large range of different fields. Applications may be found in microelectronics, food packaging, decorative and functional coatings; many different materials as metals, semiconductors, ceramics or polymers are involved by the plasma technology as bulk material, surface or interface. Plasma treatment is probably the most versatile surface treatment technique. Different types of gases such as argon, oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, water etc. can produce the unique surface properties required by various applications. For example, O2 plasma treatment can increase the surface energy of polymers, whereas fluorine-containing plasma treatment can decrease the surface energy and improve the chemical inertness. Cross-linking at a polymer surface can be introduced by noble gas plasmas. Thin polymer films with unique chemical and physical properties are produced by plasma polymerisation. This technology is still in its infancy, and the plasma chemical process is not fully understood. The present article gives a short and non-exhaustive introduction on plasma polymer interaction and our activities in this field.
Polymer Composite Research at LTC-EPFL
Authors: Månson Jan-Anders
Published: May 2022

The activities of the Composite and Polymer Technology Laboratory of the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (LTC-EPFL) are presented. Based around eight core competencies, the laboratory's research focuses on innovative materials and processes for the rapidly developing
polymer and composite field. The principle results of the research are highlighted and work on implementing these results into industrial production is described.
Perspectives of Starch in Food Science
Authors: Conde-Petit Béatrice , Nuessli Jeannette , Arrigoni Eva , Escher Felix , Amadò Renato
Published: May 2022

Starch is amongst the most abundant plant products and is a mixture of two polymers, amylose and amylopectin. During food processing starch is transformed by hydrothermal treatments. The structural features of starch in food cover a size range of more than six orders of magnitude and
encompass the macromolecules, crystalline domains, phase separated amylose and amylopectin structures, starch granules and extensive starch networks. The structure of starch is also influenced by specific and non-specific interactions with other food constituents and ingredients. Starch, particularly
amylose, is able to specifically interact with small ligands and form helical inclusion complexes that influence the colloidal properties of aqueous food systems. Furthermore, the nutritional properties of starch, for instance the amount of resistant starch, which is not digested in the upper
human gastrointestinal tract, but fermented by the colonic microflora, are determined by food composition and processing conditions. An in-depth understanding of the relationships between processing and structure of starch taking into account the different structural levels will allow the
prediction and control of bulk properties of food including textural, sensory and nutritional properties.
Poly(Ortho Esters): Recent Developments for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Einmahl Suzanne , Schwach-Abdellaoui Khadija , Heller Jorge , Gurny Robert
Published: May 2022

Poly(ortho esters) (POE) are hydrophobic and bioerodible polymers that have been under development since the early 1970s. Up to now, four generations of such polymers have been described. Of most interest are poly(ortho esters) III and poly(ortho esters) IV. POE III is a semi-solid
material that has been shown to be highly biocompatible and is currently being investigated as a carrier for sustained drug delivery to treat diseases of the posterior segment of the eye. However, the polymerization is difficult to control and is not readily scaled up. POE IV can be easily
prepared in a highly reproducible manner, is very stable provided moisture is rigorously excluded and has also been shown to be biocompatible. It is currently under development for a variety of applications, such as ocular delivery, protein release, and periodontal disease treatment.
Determination of a Kinetic Model for the Polyaddition of Bisphenol A with an Epoxide Liquid Resin
Authors: Falcotet Frédéric , Besançon Frédéric , Meyer Thierry
Published: May 2022

Solid epoxy resins are produced at Vantico SA by catalyzed reactions of a low-molecular weight liquid resin (RBL) with bisphenol A (BPA). These reactions lead to solid epoxy resins, which are used in surface coatings or adhesives. The chain lengthening step (advancement reaction) is
based on the reaction of the epoxy functional group with the phenolic hydroxyl group leading to the formation of a secondary hydroxyl group. These secondary hydroxyl groups can also react with epoxy groups to form branched molecules. This paper presents a kinetic model describing the transformation
of BPA with a RBL up to complete conversion of BPA. The polymerization kinetics is investigated by isothermal measurements for temperatures between 180 and 210°C and for different initial concentrations of BPA. A reaction scheme describing both the advancement and the branching reactions
has been developed. For modeling the branching rate, a detailed diffusional and semiempirical model has been adapted and modified in order to fit the experimental results.
Production of Copolymer Latexes in Continuously Operated Reactors
Authors: Meuldijk Jan , Scholtens Chris A. , Van den Boomen Frank H.A.M. , Drinkenburg Bart A.H.
Published: May 2022

The outcome of an emulsion copolymerization in terms of the intermolecular chemical composition distribution (CCD) for example strongly depends on the reactor type and the method of operation. It is demonstrated that homogeneous copolymers as well as copolymers with a bimodal CCD can
be produced by seeded emulsion copolymerization of styrene and methyl acrylate in a series of CSTRs.
A New Approach for Modelling Residence Time Distribution in a Co-rotating Twin Screw Extruder
Authors: Poulesquen Arnaud , Vergnes Bruno , Cassagnau Philippe , Michel Alain
Published: May 2022

A model to determine the residence time distribution (RTD) in a co-rotating twin screw extruder is proposed. The method couples a thermomechanical approach with a chemical engineering approach and allows us to obtain the RTD without a fitting parameter. The global residence time is obtained using Ludovic© twin screw modelling software and simple chemical reactors are chosen to depict the screw profile. Experiments were carried out to validate the model. The effects of feed rate and screw speed on the residence time distribution were studied. Results are in good agreement with the predictions of the model.
Inline Conversion Monitoring in MMA High Solid Content Polymerization Process
Authors: Zeilmann Thomas , Lavanchy Frédéric , Meyer Thierry
Published: May 2022

Inline conversion measurements in chemical reactions are in general and especially in polymerization reactions necessary for process monitoring and control. For polymerization monitoring, the sound propagation (UPV) can be related to the texture of the bulk with a high accuracy. As
the monomer is transformed to polymer, both the density and adiabatic compressibility change, making the UPV closely related to the monomer conversion. This technique is based on the increase of UPV with rising elasticity of the medium due to the polymerization. The application of the UPV
technique to follow the composition evolution of the solution during the polymerization reaction in a recycle tubular reactor is presented. The sensor can be directly inserted in the tubular reactor and does not require a sampling circuit. This makes its use particularly simple and suitable
for laboratory and industrial purposes.
Inline Dielectric Monitoring of MMA/BuA Copolymerization Reactions
Authors: Santos Alexandre F. , Cherfi Abdelhamid , McKenna Timothy , Seytre G. , Lima Enrique L. , Pinto Jose C. , Fevotte Gilles
Published: May 2022

Dielectric analysis has become an effective instrumental means for monitoring a variety of polymer resin processing properties. This is because the dielectric properties are sensitive to the changes of resins properties linked to the mobility of the polymer molecules. In the present
work, dielectric analysis is used for in-line evaluation of monomer conversion and overall conversion during MMA/BuA solution copolymerization carried out in batch. An empirical model was derived to correlate the dielectric loss factor and monomer conversion. The effects of inhibitor and MMA
concentration on the dielectric properties are also investigated. It is shown here that this technique allows the successful real-time evaluation of monomer conversion in lab-scale MMA/BuA solution polymerization reactors, but that limitations do exist, and in particular the need for experiment-specific
calibrations.
Oligonucleotide Technology – A Research Platform for Chemical Biology
Authors: Häner Robert
Published: May 2022

During the past three decades, considerable progress has been made in the field of oligonucleotide synthesis. Today, oligonucleotides and their derivatives can be prepared by highly optimised, automated procedures. They are used as sophisticated tools in fundamental research, as diagnostic
reagents and as pharmaceutical compounds. In this paper, some applications of oligonucleotides are highlighted.
Evolutionary Approaches to Study Cytochrome c Peroxidase
Authors: Iffland André , Tafelmeyer Petra , Gendreizig Susanne , Johnsson Kai
Published: May 2022

Directed molecular evolution of enzymes and proteins has emerged as an extremely powerful method to create proteins with novel properties, both for practical applications as well as for mechanistic studies. To demonstrate the underlying principles of this approach, we describe here our work on the heme-containing cytochrome c peroxidase (CCP) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using directed evolution, we changed the substrate specificity of CCP from the protein cytochrome c to a small organic molecule with the best mutants possessing up to 300-fold higher activity against a phenolic substrate. In addition to novel insights into the mechanism of peroxidases, the results illustrate the ability of directed molecular evolution technologies to deliver solutions to biochemical problems that would not be readily predicted by rational design.
Design and Evaluation of Oligonucleotide Analogues
Authors: Leumann Christian J.
Published: May 2022

This article contains a short account of the chemical and biophysical properties of the oligonucleotide analogues bicyclo-DNA, tricyclo-DNA, [3.2.1]-DNA, [3.2.1]amide-DNA and the PNA analogue OPA, recently developed in our laboratory. Emphasis is given to various aspects of conformational
restriction as a designer tool for enhancing the performance of oligonucleotide analogues and for exploring the supramolecular chemistry of DNA. A short summary of current problems in the field of DNA triple-helix chemistry as well as contributions from our laboratory in this area concludes
this communication.
Peptidomimetics for Bridging Structure and Function: Pseudo-Prolines (ΨPro) in Peptide Synthesis, Molecular Recognition, and Drug Design
Authors: Tuchscherer Gabriele , Mutter Manfred
Published: May 2022

The central issue of bioorganic chemistry is to unravel the structural and functional complexity of living systems by designing synthetic models that mimic essential features of biomolecules. In view of the expected exponential growth of knowledge within the next decade about structure–activity relationships in bioactive compounds as well as about mechanisms of molecular recognition in cellular communication, conversion of the design of therapeutically relevant molecules currently provides one of the most fascinating challenges for synthetic organic chemistry. Independent of evolutionary restrictions in creating the molecules of life, the chemist may even go a step further in extending Nature's pool of biomolecules for studying biochemical processes. One way of doing this is illustrated in the present article. Taking proline (Pro) as a unique building block in peptides and proteins, we have explored its particular role in a variety of biological processes by tuning its intrinsic structural and functional properties using readily accessible proline mimetics ('pseudoprolines', ΨPro). In enhancing and extending well-known Pro effects, i.e. cis-trans amide bond isomerization, conformational restriction or specific receptor interaction, ΨPro derivatives are useful as synthetic tools in molecular recognition studies and for modulating the physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and biological properties of peptide and protein ligands. Selected examples from our ongoing research program in peptidomimetic chemistry demonstrate that synthetic tools can substantially contribute to our understanding of fundamental principles underlying biological processes and serve as a first step in accessing molecules of therapeutic relevance.
Protecting Groups for the Synthesis of Ribonucleic Acids
Authors: Pitsch Stefan
Published: May 2022

Methods for the regioselective introduction of alkoxymethyl-groups into the 2'-O-position of 5'-O-dimethoxytritylated, nucleobase-protected ribonucleosides and for the N-alkyloxycarbonylation of adenine and guanine nucleosides were developed. These methods were used for the preparation of RNA-phosphoramidites carrying novel fluoride- and photolabile sugar and nucleobase protecting groups.
Monosaccharide and Disaccharide Mimics: New Molecular Tools for Biology and Medicine
Authors: Vogel Pierre
Published: May 2022

Intercellular communication is governed by interactions between surface oligosaccharides and glycoproteins. The biosynthesis of these molecules involves glycosidations catalyzed by glycosyltransferases and hydrolysis of O-glycosyl linkages catalyzed by glycosidases. Monosaccharide and
disaccharide mimics such as carbasugars, iminosugars and C-linked disaccharides can be glycosidase or glycosyltransferase inhibitors. They are leads as new drugs to treat infective diseases and cancer. The preparation of a conduramine, a pentahydroxyindolizidine, and two C-linked disaccharides
are outlined.
Reactivity and Redox Potential of Heme-Thiolate Proteins – Results from Enzymes and Enzyme Models
Authors: Woggon Wolf-D.
Published: May 2022

The redox potential is a characteristic parameter of various intermediates of the catalytic cycle of heme-thiolate proteins (cytochromes P450, NO-synthase, chloroperoxidase) which significantly influences catalytic turnover. E0 values of these proteins are surprisingly positive compared to synthetic active site analogues that have an arylthiolate or an alkylthiolate coordinating to the iron. This report examines factors underlying this phenomenon and describes the design of enzyme mimics having redox potentials close to those of heme-thiolate proteins.
Efficient crystal structure prediction for structurally related molecules with accurate and transferable tailor-made force fields
Authors: Mattei Alessandra , Hong Richard S. , Dietrich Hanno , Firaha Dzmitry , Helfferich Julian , Liu Yifei Michelle , Sasikumar Kiran , Abraham Nathan S. , Miglani Bhardwaj Rajni , Neumann Marcus A. , Sheikh Ahmad Y.
Published: May 2022

Crystal structure prediction (CSP) has been historically used to complement experimental solid form screening and applied to individual molecules in drug development. The fast development of algorithms and computing resources offers the opportunity to use CSP earlier and for a broader range of applications in the drug design cycle. This study presents a novel paradigm of CSP specifically designed for structurally related molecules, referred to as Quick-CSP. The approach prioritizes more accurate physics through robust and transferable tailor-made force fields (TMFFs), such that significant efficiency gains are achieved through the reduction of expensive ab initio calculations. The accuracy of the TMFF is increased by the introduction of electrostatic multipoles and the fragment-based force field parameterization scheme is demonstrated to be transferable for a family of chemically related molecules. The protocol is benchmarked with structurally related compounds from the Bromodomain and Extraterminal (BET) domain inhibitors series. A new convergence criterion is introduced that aims at performing only as many ab initio optimizations of crystal structures as required to locate the bottom of the crystal energy landscape within a user-defined accuracy. The overall approach provides significant cost savings ranging from three to eight-fold less than the Full-CSP workflow. The reported advancements expand the scope and utility of the underlying CSP building blocks as well as their novel reassembly to other applications earlier in the drug design cycle to guide molecule design and selection.
Flora of Singapore: Checklist and bibliography
Authors: Lindsay S.
Published: May 2022

A checklist of all species of bryophytes, lycophytes, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms that are found in the wild (native, naturalised and casual) in Singapore is presented. We have attempted to account for all names of species and infraspecific taxa that have ever been recorded for Singapore, along with the pertinent publications that reported each of these names. For each currently accepted name, the synonyms of relevance for Singapore are included. The native or non-native status for all taxa is given, along with the most recent national conservation assessment applied to each native taxon. If we were aware that the most recent assessment required an update, the taxon is newly assessed here. The checklist includes 2654 native taxa, 479 naturalised/casual taxa and 101 cryptogenic taxa.
Test deposit; please ignore
Authors:   , Atkins Ori
Published: May 2022

Upgraded to v2.1.2
Mission Management Technique for Multi-sensor-based AUV Docking
Authors: Kang Hyungjoo , Cho Gun Rae , Kim Min-Gyu , Lee Mun-Jik , Li Ji-Hong , Kim Ho Sung , Lee Hansol , Lee Gwonsoo
Published: May 2022

This study presents a mission management technique that is a key component of underwater docking system used to expand the operating range of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). We analyzed the docking scenario and AUV operating environment, defining the feasible initial area (FIA) level, event level, and global path (GP) command to improve the rate of docking success and AUV safety. Non-holonomic constraints, mounted sensor characteristic, AUV and mission state, and AUV behavior were considered. Using AUV and docking station, we conducted experiments on land and at sea. The first test was conducted on land to prevent loss and damage of the AUV and verify stability and interconnection with other algorithms; it performed well in normal and abnormal situations. Subsequently, we attempted to dock under the sea and verified its performance; it also worked well in a sea environment. In this study, we presented the mission management technique and showed its performance. We demonstrated AUV docking with this algorithm and verified that the rate of docking success was higher compared to those obtained in other studies.
Caste, then Class: Redistribution and Representation in the Dravidian Model
Authors: KR Vignesh Karthik , Vasanthakumar Vishal
Published: May 2022

Dravidian parties believe that changes to the economic structure will not lead to social justice if the upper/dominant castes continue to exclusively possess social capital. To them, and later, to the successive Dravidian party governments, economic justice was not possible without first ensuring social justice. This view was held by the stalwarts of the Dravidian movement such as Periyar E.V. Ramasamy (Periyar henceforth), the subject of this engagement, and actualised by leaders such as C.N. Annadurai and M. Karunanidhi, whose electoral politics was a means to empower subaltern groups in Tamil society. We contend that Periyar was the chief aggregator of the ideas put forth by earlier social justice ideologues, and an effective disseminator of the Dravidian political ethos among the masses, making his contribution comprehensive and unique. Through an analysis of the approach of Dravidian party governments towards affirmative action, administrative reform and legislation, and through comparisons of the performance of Tamil Nadu in terms of development indicators with other states, we reveal the profound influence of Periyarist thinking on the Dravidian movement and State praxis. The quest of the Dravidian movement for social justice did not just focus on class inequalities but on caste inequalities, which it saw as a propagator of class inequalities.
Pariyerum Perumal and a Periyarite Note on Political Engagement
Authors: Valan Antony Arul
Published: May 2022

What was in the rhetoric of Periyar that moved an entire people in a direction that has continuing political relevance? How does his style respond to concerns about how we may engage within contemporary political formations, especially given that his work continues to resist being co-opted by his detractors? Analysing the formal elements of a 1931 speech by Periyar, delivered at Nagapattinam, I investigate the movements in his rhetoric which repeatedly mobilises the self as a site of political action. I argue that Periyar’s presentation of the self provides a distinct avenue of political engagement that substantiates the notion of inner conflict as crucial to the development of the titular hero in the 2018 Tamil film Pariyerum Perumal. Methodologically, I draw on the work of the relational psychoanalytic thinker D.W. Winnicott; in particular, his concept of ‘playing’, which refers to the creative moment of passionate immediate engagement with the other that opens up a potent space of understanding and is vital for survival. I show how charting out the various dimensions of this moment of creative play in these two works is crucial to further our understanding of the politics of Periyar and the journey of Pariyerum Perumal.
Periyar’s Spatial Thought: Region as Non-Brahmin Discursive Space
Authors: . Ganeshwar
Published: May 2022

Even as historical studies of the conceptualisation of the region in Tamil Nadu invariably trace it back to the early Dravidian movement, ‘region’ is seen as peripheral to Periyar’s radical anti-caste thought in existing scholarship. This flows from both a limited focus on the spatial aspects of Periyar’s thought and a narrow conceptualisation of space itself. Diverging from the dominant physicalist view of space, this article views Periyar’s politics of space as a radical attempt to subvert the cultural logic of hegemonic nationalism that sustained caste and its privileges through modernity. Outlining Periyar’s criticism of the nation as a ‘dominated space’, it explores Periyar’s conception of Dravida Nadu as an ‘appropriated space’ that attempted to further the pursuit of self-respect as a rationally conceived regional utopia. By doing so, the article tries to contextualise Periyar’s spatial thought not as secondary to his anti-caste politics but as its fullest expression.
The Dominant Post-constitutional Indian Feminist Discourse: A Critique of its Intersectional Reading of Caste and Gender
Authors: Kumar Santvana , Bakshi Ekata
Published: May 2022

The dominant post-constitutional Indian feminist discourse is a product of diverse movements born from different histories. These diverse feminist movements continue to inadequately provide a comprehensive and inclusive theorisation of the relationship between caste and gender. Dalit feminist movements have successfully made ‘Dalit women’ a critical part of the dominant feminist discourse and have confronted it for including a caste framework as imperative to understanding the women’s question. But the question of caste within the dominant feminist discourse has largely remained confined to reading and understanding the Dalit woman through the intersectional framework. Intersectionality is useful in providing a framework for categorising the Dalit woman and for highlighting the lacunae in understanding the intersections of caste and gender in existing discourses. Yet, when framed through the overarching lens of difference, it occludes the contingent co-construction of the Savarna woman and Dalit woman as categories, as well as the complicated relationality between these two categories. Treating intersectionality as difference, also ironically posits the Dalit women as a homogenous and essentialised category. This category is over-determined by vulnerability, exploitation, and, violence. Thus, the entire spectrum of experiences inhabited collectively by women placed under this category is erased. This article attempts to elucidate these arguments by focusing on West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh. As two researchers from different locations, both disciplinary and socio-political, one a Savarna-feminist-ethnographer, the other a Dalit-feminist-legal-researcher, we then seek to understand what adopting a holistic anti-caste methodology rather than simply ‘doing intersectionality’, means while inhabiting both these locations.
Dalit Resistance during the Bengal Renaissance: Five Anti-Caste Thinkers from Colonial Bengal, India
Authors: Mandal Mahitosh
Published: May 2022

This article debunks the myth that Bengal is a casteless land or that Bengalis have no understanding of caste, by excavating, from within a Dalit historiographical framework, the rich and heterogeneous anti-caste politico-intellectual tradition launched and carried forward by the Dalits in colonial Bengal. Due to the paucity of space, it focuses only on three among sixty Dalit communities residing in Bengal and demonstrates the radical edge of five diverse anti-caste thinkers, namely, Harichand Thakur, Guruchand Thakur, Mahendranath Karan, Rajendranath Sarkar, and Mahendranath Mallabarman. Through a critical rejection of nationalist, Marxist and subaltern historiographies and interrogation of the Brahmanical appropriation of Bengal’s anti-caste tradition, it foregrounds the independent and self-critical intellectual history of the Dalits of colonial Bengal. It exposes the epistemic violence suffered by Dalit thinkers and reformers in the textbook historical narratives that glorify a Brahmanical Bengal Renaissance and highlights the neglected discourse of Dalit resistance and renaissance that had taken place at the same time in the same province. It shows how these anti-caste organic intellectuals fought the Brahmanical supremacists during the anti-British movement led by the Brahmins and upper castes, and how their agendas of self-respect and redistribution of wealth conflicted with the Swadeshi movement. Finally, the article demonstrates that while in the history of the anti-caste movement, Phule, Ambedkar, and Periyar justifiably occupy much of the discursive space, a significant and unacknowledged intellectual and political contribution was also made by their contemporary Bengali counterparts.
ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICS PROBLEM SOLVING DIFFICULTY ON MAIN MATTER OF OPPORTUNITY
Authors: Minerva Shania Laras , Rokhman Mohammad Shaefur , Ahmadi Ahmadi
Published: May 2022

This study aims to describe and analyze the difficulty of solving mathematical problems on the material of opportunity when viewed from the learning style of students. This research is a type of qualitative research. The method used in this study is a learning style questionnaire, mathematical problem-solving ability tests, interviews and, documentation. Based on the results of research and discussion, it was concluded that Students with visual learning styles had difficulties at the stage of understanding the problem, the stage of determining the completion plan, and the stage of re-examining the solution; Learners with auditory learning styles have difficulties at the stage of understanding the problem, the stage of determining the completion plan, and the stage of re-examining the settlement;Students with a kinesthetic learning style have difficulties at the stage of understanding the problem, determining a settlement plan, implementing a settlement plan, and re-examining the solution.
DEVELOPMENT OF INTERACTIVE LEARNING MODEL BASED ON THINK PAIR SHARE TO IMPROVE STUDENT'S MATHEMATIC COMMUNICATION ABILITY
Authors: Dalimunthe SITI Asfiranna Sari , - MULYONO , SYAHPUTRA EDI
Published: May 2022

This study aims to: 1) determine the development of an interactive learning model based on think pair share on material (square and rectangle) that is valid, practical, and effective so that it can improve students' mathematical communication skills; and 2) describe the improvement of mathematical communication skills using an interactive learning model based on think pair share. This research is a development research. The development model used in this research is the ADDIE model. The results showed that: 1) the development of an interactive learning model based on think-paur share that was developed met the criteria of validity, practicality and effectiveness; and 2) the increase in mathematical communication skills using an interactive learning model based on think pair share increased in terms of the Ngain trial I of 0,30 with low criteria and in the second trial with moderate criteria.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite And Review (PQ4R) Terhadap Keterampilan Membaca Pemahaman Siswa Kelas IV
Authors: Tuken Ritha , Ilmi Nur , Rahmat Andi Randi
Published: May 2022

The problem in this research is the low learning outcomes of fourth grade students. The problem in this study is how the Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite And Review (PQ4R) learning model improves the learning process for reading comprehension skills in fourth grade students of UPT SD Negeri 22 Pinrang and whether the application of the Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite And Review (PQ4R) can improve the learning outcomes of fourth grade students of UPT SD Negeri 22 Pinrang. This study aims to examine the process and learning outcomes using the Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite And Review (PQ4R) learning model. The approach used is an approach approach and the type of research is Classroom Action Research (CAR). The implementation of this research action was carried out in 2 cycles, starting with pre-action activities then in each cycle consisting of 4 stages which included planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. This research instrument uses observation sheets and final evaluation tests in each cycle. The subjects in this study were teachers and fourth grade students of UPT SD Negeri 22 Pinrang in the 2021/2022 academic year which collected 15 students consisting of 9 boys and 6 students. woman. Data analysis techniques are data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. In the first cycle the research results on the learning process were in sufficient qualification (C) and the learning test results in sufficient qualification (C) while in the second cycle the research results on the learning process were in good qualification (B) and the test learning results were in good qualification (B). The conclusion of this study is that the application of the Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite And Review (PQ4R) learning model can improve the process and student learning outcomes in reading comprehension skills in grade IV UPT SD Negeri 22 Pinrang.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR PENGUKURAN SUDUT MELALUI PENERAPAN METODE DEMONSTRASI PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS IV SD
Authors: Herlina Herlina
Published: May 2022

This study aims to see whether the application of the demonstration method improves the mathematics learning outcomes of angle material in fourth grade students of SD Negeri 01 Pasangkayu in the 2018/2019 academic year. The subjects of this study were educators and fourth grade students of SD Negeri 01 Pasangkayu, Pasangkayu District, Pasangkayu Regency which consisted of 23 students. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) which consists of 2 cycles, each cycle is a series of activities, each of which consists of 4 stages, namely planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. This Classroom Action Research (CAR) uses data observation methods, namely written tests, sheets, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out by comparing the scores of each cycle with the KKM (Minimum Completeness Criteria) which was set at 75. Based on the results of this study, it was shown that the application of the demonstration method could improve the mathematics learning outcomes of angle measurement in fourth grade students of SD Negeri 01 Pasangkayu. This can be proven from the results of the pre-cycle before applying the demonstration method 17% of students who have completed, while there are still 83% of students who have not met the KKM. In the first cycle rose to 91% of students who completed. Then in the second cycle it rose to 100% of students who had completed their studies.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Tipe Cooperative Script Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Arab Kelas XII MA
Authors: Amir Amir
Published: May 2022

The problem in this study is the low student learning outcomes in Arabic subjects for Class XI students at MA AT-Taufiq Lisu, Barru Regency. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative with this type of research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) which has a cycle which includes planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The focus of the research is the application of the Cooperative Script cooperative learning model to improve student learning outcomes in Arabic class XII MA AT-Taufiq Lisu, Barru Regency. The research setting was carried out in Class XII with the research subjects consisting of teachers and 15 students of class XII. The results showed that there was an increase in activity in teacher learning and student learning activities as well as Arabic learning outcomes, the increase could be seen from each cycle, namely in cycles 1 and 2. student learning in Arabic subjects Class XI MA Cooperative Script Barru
Diversity and succession of microbial communities on typical microplastics in Xincun Bay, a long-term mariculture tropical lagoon
Authors: Shi Yunfeng , Wang Shuai , Wang Hui , Li Zhaoyang , Cai Jiali , Han Qiuying , Zhao Muqiu
Published: May 2022

In this study, three polymer types of microplastics (MPs), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS) and polypropylene (PP), were exposed for 60 days in Xincun Bay (Hainan, China), a long-term mariculture tropical lagoon. High-throughput sequencing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the succession of microbial community structure and function on MPs after 10, 30, and 60 days of exposure, respectively. The results showed that diversity indices for bacteria from MPs were higher than those for bacteria from seawater. Significant differences were observed in community structure and metabolic function between MPs and seawater. The microbial network structure on MPs was more complex and dispersed than that in seawater. No significant differences in bacterial community structure and metabolic function were observed among different types of MPs. The biofilm on PS was the thickest, and the network structure on PP was the most complex one. With increasing exposure time, the biofilm attached to the surface of MPs became thicker and microbial composition showed some differences. The analysis of potential degradation bacteria and pathogens with abundance above 0.01% showed that the abundance of several potential plastic biodegraders on MPs was higher than that in seawater, while no potential pathogen was found enriched on MPs.
Effects of fishing and environmental parameters on the commercial bony fish assemblage in the southern Caspian Sea
Authors: Fazli Hasan , Kaymaram Farhad , Daryanabard Gholam Reza
Published: May 2022

Since the 1990s, anthropogenic activities have been the major direct or indirect threats to the structural and functional organization of the unique ecosystem of the Caspian Sea (CS). This study attempts to investigate the relationships between fish community structure and environmental parameters and to analyze the Abundance Biomass Comparison (ABC) in the CS. The input data, including catch data by species and environmental parameters, were collected from 1996 to 2017. Of the 13 bony fish species identified, only two species Rutilus kutum and Chelon aurata accounted for 47.14% and 62.65%, and 40.80% and 29.34% of CPUE and NPUE, respectively. DisTLM revealed that five environmental variables showed a significant linear relationship with the NPUE resemblance matrix. Based on the AIC criteria, the combination of year, precipitation, SST_Apr, SSL, SST, GTA, Iranian rivers, and Volga discharges explain 80.3% of the total variability. Based on the ABC curves and W statistics, it was concluded that the fish assemblage was environmentally stressed from 1996 to 2003. The Shannon diversity index (H´) showed a decreasing trend, suggesting that fish species have been exposed to increasing stress over the past 22 years. Considering the current environmental conditions (downward trend in SSL river discharge and increase in SST) and anthropogenic activities, it appears that the downward trend will continue in the future.