bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
J-PLUS: Unveiling the brightest end of the Lyαluminosity function at 2.0 <z< 3.3 over 1000 deg2
Authors: Spinoso D. , Orsi A. , López-Sanjuan C. , Bonoli S. , Viironen K. , Izquierdo-Villalba D. , Sobral D. , Gurung-López S. , Hernán-Caballero A. , Ederoclite A. , Varela J. , Overzier R. , Miralda-Escudé J. , Muniesa D. J. , Vílchez J. M. , Alcaniz J. , Angulo R. E. , Cenarro A. J. , Cristóbal-Hornillos D. , Dupke R. A. , Hernández-Monteagudo C. , Marín-Franch A. , Moles M. , Sodré Jr L. , Vázquez-Ramió H.
Published: September 2020

We present the photometric determination of the bright end of the Lyαluminosity function (LF; atLLyα  ≳  1043.3 erg s−1) within four redshift windows (Δ z <  0.16) in the interval 2.2​ ≲ ​z​ ≲ ​3.3. Our work is based on the Javalambre Photometric Local Universe Survey (J-PLUS) first data release, which provides multiple narrow-band measurements over ∼1000 deg2, with limiting magnituder​ ∼ ​22. The analysis of high-zLyα-emitting sources over such a wide area is unprecedented and allows us to select approximately 14 500 hyper-bright (LLyα >  1043.3 erg s−1) Lyα-emitting candidates. We test our selection with two spectroscopic programs at the GTC telescope, which confirm ∼89% of the targets as line-emitting sources, with ∼64% being genuinez​ ∼ ​2.2 quasars (QSOs). We extend the 2.2​ ≲ ​z​ ≲ ​3.3 LyαLF for the first time aboveLLyα  ∼  1044 erg s−1and down to densities of ∼10−8 Mpc−3. Our results unveil the Schechter exponential decay of the brightest-end of the LyαLF in great detail, complementing the power-law component of previous determinations at 43.3 ≲ Log10(LLyα/erg s−1) ≲ 44. We measure Φ* = (3.33 ± 0.19)×10−6, Log(L*) = 44.65 ± 0.65, andα = −1.35 ± 0.84 as an average over the probed redshifts. These values are significantly different from the typical Schechter parameters measured for the LyαLF of high-zstar-forming Lyman-αemitters (LAEs). This implies thatz​ >  ​2 AGNs/QSOs (likely dominant in our samples) are described by a structurally different LF from that used to describez​ >  ​2 star-forming LAEs, namelyLQSOs*~ 100LLAEs*and ΦQSOs*~ 10−3ΦLAEs*, with the transition between the two LFs happening atLLyα  ∼  1043.5 erg s−1. This supports the scenario in which Lyα-emitting AGNs/QSOs are the most abundant class ofz​ ≳ ​2 Lyαemitters atLLyα  ≳  1043.3 erg s−1. Finally, we suggest that a significant number of thesez​ ≳ ​2 AGNs/QSOs (∼60% of our samples) are currently misclassified as stars based on their broad-band colours, but are identified for the first time as high-zline-emitters by our narrow-band-based selection.
The Djorgovski–Gurzadyan dark energy integral equation and the Hubble diagram
Authors: Khachatryan H.G. , Stepanian A.
Published: September 2020

We consider the observational aspects of the value of dark energy density from quantum vacuum fluctuations based initially on the Gurzadyan–Xue model. We reduce the Djorgovski–Gurzadyan integral equation to a differential equation for the co-moving horizon and then, by means of the obtained explicit form for the luminosity distance, we construct the Hubble diagram for two classes of observational samples. For supernova and gamma-ray burst data we show that this approach provides viable predictions for distances up to z ≃ 9, quantitatively at least as good as those provided by the Λ cold dark matter model. The Hubble parameter dependence H(z) of the two models also reveals mutual crossing at z = 0.4018, the interpretation of which is less evident.
Limnological characteristics, community metabolism and management strategies of a coastal sinkhole in Cuba (Cenote Jennifer)
Authors: González-De Zayas Roberto , de León Liosban Lantigua Ponce , Rodríguez Liezel Guerra , Pupo Felipe Matos , Hernández-Fernández Leslie
Published: September 2020

The Cenote Jennifer is an important and unique aquatic sinkhole in Cayo Coco (Jardines del Rey Tourist Destination) that has brackish to saline water. Two samplings were made in 1998 and 2009, and 4 metabolism community experiments in 2009. Some limnological parameters were measured in both samplings (temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen major ions, hydrogen sulfide, nutrients and others). Community metabolism was measured through incubated oxygen concentration in clear and dark oxygen bottles. Results showed that the sinkhole limnology depends on rainfall and light incidence year, with some stratification episodes, due to halocline or oxycline presence, rather than thermocline. The sinkhole water was oligotrophic (total nitrogen of 41.5 ± 22.2 μmol l−1 and total phosphorus of 0.3 ± 0.2 μmol l−1) and with low productivity (gross primary productivity of 63.0 mg C m−2 d−1). Anoxia and hypoxia were present at the bottom with higher levels of hydrogen sulfide, lower pH and restricted influence of the adjacent sea (2 km away). To protect the Cenote Jennifer, tourist exploitation should be avoided and more resources to ecological and morphological studies should be allocated, and eventually use this aquatic system only for specialized diving. For conservation purposes, illegal garbage disposal in the surrounding forest should end.
The determinants of South Korean outward FDI in Russia: a partial least square (PLS) analysis
Authors: Lee Han-Sol , Liu Pengfei
Published: September 2020

The significance of economic cooperation between South Korea and Russia is growing due to the new foreign policies of the two countries: the New Northern policy of South Korea, and the Pivot to East of Russia. Thereby, in this study, we investigated the determinants of South Korean outward FDI in Russia based on the time-series data for the period 1993-2017 to draw policy implications. To overcome the issues of multicollinearity and the small number of observations in an ordinary least square (OLS) function, we employed a partial least square (PLS). The result of PLS analysis indicated that GDP (+) and inflation (-) are statistically significant out of the 7 explanatory variables in our model. But, as the coefficient of inflation was too small, it is also hard to be defined as a significant factor. While, the difference of GDP per capita, freedom index, the nominal exchange rate, natural resource, and trade openness are determined as statistically insignificant. From the result, we found that South Korean outward FDI in Russia is predominantly purposed with market-seeking.
Methodological Approaches to Assessing the Investment Attractiveness of Telemedicine
Authors: Blagoveshchenskaya Olga , Ilina Tatiana , Zemtsov Anatoly
Published: September 2020

The paper considers modern methodological approaches of Russian and foreign authors to assess the investment attractiveness of the industry. The object of analysis is a new industry telemedicine. As a result of the study, industry specifics and factors affecting its investment attractiveness were identified. The work also explores methodological approaches to assessing investment attractiveness and investment efficiency. The uniqueness of the study consist in the fact that previously there were no works, approaches and methods analyzing investment attractiveness in terms of their applicability to the selected industry. Based on the results of a critical analysis of the proposed approaches and methods for assessing investment attractiveness, requirements were formed that need to be considered when developing and applying methodological approaches to assessing the investment attractiveness of telemedicine.
Regional Entrepreneurial Capacity
Authors: Rozhdestvenskaia Elena
Published: September 2020

The article aims to study the category of “entrepreneurial capacity” and to develop a system for assessing entrepreneurial capacity at the regional level. The system of economic indicators was developed to assess the entrepreneurial capacity of the region based on the dialectics of the general and special leading concepts. To test proposed method author has carried out a trial assessment using the case of the Tomsk region.
Simulation Models for Management Solutions when Implementing Innovative Technologies
Authors: Klavsuts Irina
Published: September 2020

The object of empirical research is a company that develops, produces and implements innovative patented technology for managing electricity consumption, naturally fitting into the concept of Smart Grid. The author has developed simulation models for predicting the behavior of an innovative technology market. A paradigm of simulation modeling system dynamics is investigated and implemented. In this work, hypotheses about the origin and significant development of communications between market segments are put forward and investigated. The introduction of such links in the developed simulation models is completely natural and technically simple, but their use requires additional research. Mass simulation runs of the developed models with the introduction of new market relations and parameters make it possible to more accurately understand the market behavior mechanisms of the innovative patented technology, use these mechanisms to develop models, build sound long-term forecasts, develop realistic production plans, improve management efficiency through the introduction of the innovative technology.
Intensiv vorbehandeltes rezidiviertes/refraktäres Multiples Myelom
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: September 2020

Die auf dem ASCO 2020 vorgestellten Daten für 3 gegen das B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) spezifische CAR-T-Zellen zeigen jetzt bei intensiv vorbehandelten Patienten mit Multiplem Myelom bisher nicht erreichte hohe objektive Responseraten (ORR).
Fortgeschrittenes Nierenzellkarzinom
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: September 2020

Beim fortgeschrittenen Nierenzellkarzinom (RCC), vormals ein Tumor mit wenig Behandlungsoptionen und schlechter Prognose, wurden auf dem virtuellen ASCO 2020 weitere Fortschritte verzeichnet. So hat sich die Kombination aus Checkpoint-Inhibitor und Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitor (TKI) dem langjährigen Erstlinien-Standard Sunitinib als überlegen erwiesen.
Technical Nuances of Ventriculoatrial Shunt Using Seldinger Technique for Percutaneous Insertion of Distal Shunt Catheter
Authors: Thirumal Yerragunta , Yerramneni Vamsi Krishna , Kanala Ram Nadha Reddy , Karanth Vishwa Kumar , Kolpakwar Swapnil , Namdev Vikram Manure , VV Rajesh Babu
Published: September 2020

Introduction One of the most seen neurosurgical complications is the ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt failure. The cause can be often due to peritoneal malabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid. The next safer alternative is to place a ventriculoatrial (VA) shunt. Various methods of access to the right atrium had been described. The percutaneous method of insertion of distal catheter using Seldinger technique is a safer alternative to open method. We describe the percutaneous insertion of distal catheter using Seldinger technique, modifications in the method, and specific tools required for the insertion.

Clinical History The patient is a 22-year-old male who is a known case of tubercular meningitis with recurrent failure of VP shunt due to malabsorption at peritoneal end of catheter. During the last hospital visit, he presented with altered sensorium and computed tomography scan brain showed ventriculomegaly. He was planned for VA shunt placement.

Surgical Technique The insertion of ventricular end of the catheter is similar to any other shunt placement. The internal jugular vein (IJV) was punctured using introducer needle and guide wire was placed in the IJV at the level of T6-T7 and the serial dilators passed on the guide wire for creating a track for passage of shunt catheter. The shunt catheter was passed over the guide wire to the desired vertebral level and distal shunt catheter is connected proximally to the shunt catheter in the neck.

Conclusion The percutaneous insertion of distal catheter with serial dilators using Seldinger technique is a safe and effective method for VA shunt placement.
Adult Primary Intraventricular Hemorrhage: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes
Authors: Pai Aswin , Hegde Ajay , Nair Rajesh , Menon Girish
Published: September 2020

Background Adult primary intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) is a rare type of hemorrhagic stroke that is poorly understood. The study attempts to define the clinical profile, yield of diagnostic cerebral angiography, and prognosis of patients with PIVH.

Patients and Methods Retrospective data analysis of all patients with PIVH admitted between February 2015 and February 2019 at a tertiary care center. Outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 6 months.

Results and Discussion Our study group of 30 patients constituted 3.3% (30/905) of our spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) patients in the study period. The mean Glasgow Coma Score on admission was 11 ± 3.33 and the mean IVH Graeb score was 5.2±2.4. All patients underwent angiography. Angiography detected moyamoya disease in four patients (13.3%) and aneurysms in two patients (6.6%) and these patients were managed surgically. Extraventricular drainage with intraventricular instillation of Streptokinase was performed in five patients. The rest of the patients was managed conservatively. At 6-month follow-up, 25 patients (83.33%) achieved favorable outcome (mRS score of 0.1 or 2), whereas five (16.66%) patients had a poor outcome (mRS score of 3 or more. Three patients succumbed to the illness. IVH Graeb score and presence of hydrocephalus have significant correlation with poor outcome.

Conclusion PIVH is an uncommon entity but carries a better long-term prognosis than SICH angiography helps in diagnosing surgically remediable underlying vascular anomalies and is indicated in all cases of PIVH.
The Matthew effect in political science: head start and key reforms important for democratization
Authors: Lindenfors Patrik , Wilson Matthew , Lindberg Staffan I.
Published: September 2020

Are some countries better equipped from the onset of a democratization process to become democracies? We compared successful and failed episodes of liberalization over the period 1900 to 2018 to examine if starting state influences the probability of successful democratization. We show that liberalization in autocracies was more likely to succeed in countries that had the advantage of a better starting point concerning political institutions, GDP, and education. These more privileged countries could also carry out key reforms more rapidly, and were able to do so even in areas in which they had no initial advantage. This reveals a “Matthew effect” in political science: to countries that already have, more is given. This is a novel observation in political science that has important implications for current methodologies and policies.
Does point-of-care testing in general practice for leucocyte and differential count change use of antimicrobial medicines? A pilot study
Authors: Frank Oliver , Stocks Nigel , Del Mar Chris
Published: September 2020

Diagnostic uncertainty when considering prescription of antimicrobials (‘antibiotics’) in primary care contributes to the major problem of microbial resistance. We conducted a feasibility evaluation of rapid testing for leucocyte and differential count in two urban general practices, surveying the GPs online and interviewing them. GPs reported that the machines were easy to use, the test results influenced their care and they would adopt the system if costs were off-set. Feasibility, acceptability and perceived benefit justify a randomised trial to test the effect on antibiotic prescribing rates and quality of care, with an economic evaluation to inform the cost-benefit.
The origin and diversification of pteropods precede past perturbations in the Earth’s carbon cycle
Authors: Peijnenburg Katja T. C. A. , Janssen Arie W. , Wall-Palmer Deborah , Goetze Erica , Maas Amy E. , Todd Jonathan A. , Marlétaz Ferdinand
Published: September 2020

Significance

Pteropods are abundant aragonitic calcifiers, contributing up to 89% of total pelagic calcification. Because of their delicate shells, they are considered “canaries in the coalmine” to indicate impacts of ocean acidification. Their sensitivity to high CO
2
levels and limited fossil record has led to the widely held view that pteropods only became abundant after the PETM. Based on phylogenomic analyses, we show that all major pteropod groups have Cretaceous origins and, hence, they must have survived past perturbations in the Earth’s carbon cycle. Although this suggests that pelagic aragonitic calcifiers have been more resilient to past ocean acidification than currently thought, it is unlikely that pteropods have experienced global change of the current magnitude and speed during their evolutionary history.
Hydrogen peroxide in lactate solutions irradiated by non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma
Authors: Liu Yang , Ishikawa Kenji , Miron Camelia , Hashizume Hiroshi , Tanaka Hiromasa , Hori Masaru
Published: September 2020

A mechanism of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation in plasma-activated lactated Ringer’s solution (PAL) has been analyzed. PAL was produced by irradiating a sodium lactate solution, a class of hydroxy acid, with non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma (NEAPP). The concentration of H2O2 generation was dependent on the initial lactate concentrations, which ranged from 0–28 mM. However, the generation of H2O2 was inhibited by higher lactate concentration. The formation of H2O2 is proposed by catalyzed lactate and radicals in aqueous solution, such as ⋅OH, ⋅H and ⋅OO, during the plasma treatments.
On the nature of radio filaments near the Galactic Center
Authors: Barkov Maxim , Lyutikov Maxim
Published: September 2020

We suggest that narrow, long radio filaments near the Galactic Center arise as kinetic jets - streams of high energy particles escaping from ram-pressure confined pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe). The reconnection between the PWN and interstellar magnetic field allows pulsar wind particles to escape, creating long narrow features. They are the low frequency analogues of kinetic jets seen around some fast-moving pulsars, such as The Guitar and The Lighthouse PWNe. The radio filaments trace a population of pulsars also responsible for the Fermi GeV excess produced by the Inverse Compton scattering by the pulsar wind particles. The magnetic flux tubes are stretched radially by the large scale Galactic winds. In addition to PWNe accelerated particles can be injected at supernovae remnants. The model predicts variations of the structure of the largest filaments on scales of ∼ dozens of years - smaller variations can occur on shorter time scales. We also encourage targeted observations of the brightest sections of the filaments and of the related unresolved point sources in search of the powering PWNe and pulsars.
Electron Groups in Solar Wind and Gas Discharge Plasmas
Authors: Kolobov Vladimir , Arslanbekov Robert , Levko Dmitry
Published: September 2020

The formation of electron groups is a common phenomenon in gas discharges and space plasmas. We describe similarities between electron kinetics in solar wind, cathode region of glow discharges, and magnetic nozzles. Remarkable resemblances between adiabatic focusing of magnetized electrons and spherical geometry effects for neutral particles escaping planet’s atmosphere are pointed out. The previously developed kinetic solvers for electrons coupled to Poisson equation for self-consistent simulations of the electric field are used to analyse the formation of electron groups in the cathode region of glow discharges and solar wind plasma.
Particle-Gas Hybrid Schemes in the PLUTO Code
Authors: Mignone A. , Vaidya B. , Puzzoni E. , Mukherjee D. , Bodo G. , Flock M.
Published: September 2020

Hybrid codes treating composite systems made up of fluid and particle components are becoming increasing more popular in order to address multiple scale in complex astrophysical environments. Here we review some recent additions to the PLUTO code consisting of three flexible particle physics implementations targeting i) cosmic ray particles, ii) sub-grid electron acceleration and emission from high-energy astrophysical environments and iii) dust grains in protoplanetary disks. While the fluid equations are generally solved using standard finite-volume techniques, integration of particles as well as their feedback onto the gas is treated using standard techniques borrowed from Particle-In-Cell (PIC) frameworks. Some novel numerical benchmarks, not discussed in the original method papers, are also presented.
Modelling low Mach number stellar hydrodynamics with MAESTROeX
Authors: Harpole A. , Fan D. , Katz M. P. , Nonaka A. J. , Willcox D. E. , Zingale M.
Published: September 2020

Modelling long-time convective flows in the interiors of stars is extremely challenging using conventional compressible hydrodynamics codes due to the acoustic timestep limitation. Many of these flows are in the low Mach number regime, which allows us to exploit the relationship between acoustic and advective time scales to develop a more computationally efficient approach. MAESTROeX is an open source low Mach number stellar hydrodynamics code that allows much larger timesteps to be taken, therefore enabling systems to be modelled for much longer periods of time. This is particularly important for the problem of convection in the cores of rotating massive stars prior to core collapse. To fully capture the dynamics, it is necessary to model these systems in three dimensions at high resolution over many rotational periods. We present an overview of MAESTROeX’s current capabilities, describe ongoing work to incorporate the effects of rotation and discuss how we are optimising the code to run on GPUs.
The ANTARES code: recent developments and applications
Authors: Kupka Friedrich , Zaussinger Florian , Fabbian Damian , Krüger Daniel
Published: September 2020

ANTARES (A Numerical Tool for Astrophysical RESearch) is a multi-purpose numerical tool to solve different variants of the equations of hydrodynamics as they appear in problems of astrophysics, geophysics, and engineering sciences and which require the construction of detailed numerical simulation models. A presentation of the current feature set of the code with a focus on recent add-ons is given here in addition to a summary on several results from recent applications of ANTARES to solar physics, the physics of planets, and basic convection studies including the damping of pressure modes (solar oscillations) in numerical simulations of convection at the solar surface and the coupling of layers in numerical simulations of sheared and non-sheared double-diffusive convection.
Development of quasi real-time comprehensive evaluation system for earthquake disaster
Authors: Liu Zhi , Jiang Hui , Zhang Lanfang
Published: September 2020

Fast acquisition of the seismic information and accurate assessment of the earthquake disaster is the key problem for emergency rescue after a destructive earthquake. In order to satisfy the requirements of the earthquake emergency response and rescue for the cities and counties, a quasi real-time comprehensive evaluation system for earthquake disaster is developed. This software system has the functions of gathering disaster information, analyzing seismic damage and estimating disaster extent. To prop up such a powerful software platform, data and algorithms are prerequisites. As a result, Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) is developed to monitor strong motion underground, application programs for data collection by the mobile terminal are also developed to acquire the basic structural data and disaster information. Besides, based on short-distance emergency communication technology, a set of short-distance multi-modes are designed to transmit those critical data to the evaluation system. After a certain earthquake, using fragility analysis method and dynamic correction algorithm, together with the basic data, seismic disaster evaluation in the county region is finally realized in real-time to provide a scientific basis for seismic emergency command, rescue and assistant decision.
Study on the impact of the soil and shallow groundwater quality by a hazardous waste incinerator in Shanghai
Authors: Huang Jing , Huang Botao
Published: September 2020

Hazardous wastes are often corrosive, toxic, reactive or infective, the feasible treatments for which include landfill, incineration, solidification, and chemical methods. In this research, an environmental investigation of a hazardous waste incinerator (operated by A Co. Ltd.) in Shanghai has been made into the soil and shallow groundwater quality inside and outside the factory, which uses incineration technology. The results are analysed and the conclusions reached are that the incineration technology in A Co. Ltd. has had no effect yet on the soil in and near the factory, and on the surrounding agricultural soil. However, the shallow groundwater below the production warehouse No.2 has been contaminated by Cd, Cu, and Ni which originate from the disposal process.
Spatio-temporal change analysis of land cover in Xichang City based on RS and GIS
Authors: Li Lina , Wei Jingru , Ke Dan
Published: September 2020

The temporal and spatial change of land cover in Xichang City from 2002 to 2018 was analyzed in this paper. The current land cover maps of three different years were extracted based on the 2002, 2010 and 2018 Landsat remote sensing images, and the transfer Matrix model wasutilized to analyze the transformation among types of land. The results showed that from 2002 to 2018, the area of cultivated land and construction land in Xichang increased by 20.26% and 191.71% respectively, while the areas of forest land, unused land, grassland and water decreased by 9.36%, 83.27%, 4.48% and 10.45%, respectively. In terms of spatial pattern, the regions with obvious changes are mainly located around the Anning River Valley and Qionghai Lake. The construction land increased significantly, mainly along the Beijing-Kunming expressway to the north of the new urban area and the cultivated land distribution increased slightly on the slope of some low mountain fallow land. Land cover conversion is quite frequent between cultivated land, forestland and grassland. This study can provide a scientific basis for the sustainable utilization of land resources and ecological construction in Xichang city.
Towards understanding the impact of convective weather on aircraft arrival traffic at the Hong Kong International Airport
Authors: Lui Gonam , Liem Rheapatricia , Hon Kaikwong
Published: September 2020

Convective weather (thunderstorm clusters with horizontal extents from tens to hundreds of kilometers, and vertically up to 10 - 15 kilometers in the troposphere) along aircraft flight trajectory is a key factor influencing air traffic management decisions and aviation safety. For an airport, aircraft arrival performance is typically more sensitive to weather conditions than departures. The occurrence of thunderstorms along or around flight routes may force the arriving aircraft to hold/vector in the terminal maneuvering area (TMA) following air traffic control (ATC) instructions, leading to additional fuel burn and delays. Such effects could cascade and bring further negative impacts to air traffic inside TMA. In this work, we perform a joint analysis of high-resolution radar rainfall distribution with 2-D aircraft flight trajectory data surrounding the Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) to uncover the potential spatio-temporal impact of thunderstorms on air traffic. Results indicate that aircraft arrival traffic is sensitive to the location of convective weather in TMA, which also introduces a time lag effect on subsequent air traffic on the order of hours.
Effect of shrub land on soil carbon storage in the Loess Plateau
Authors: Zhong Yao , Gong Yifan , Cao Jianjun
Published: September 2020

With the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations in the current years, afforestation implemented on lands with poor fertility is considered to be an effective measure for mitigating CO2 emissions. However, little studies have focused on the comparation of effects of different shrub lands on soil carbon storage. In this case, 16-year-old Caragana Korshinskii K. (CK) land and 16-year-old Hippophae rhamnoides L. (HR) land were investigated in Huining County, Gansu Province, to explore the differences in soil carbon storage between them. The results showed that the total soil carbon storage at the 1.0 m soil depth for the CK land and HR land was 46.55 Mg⋅ha−1 and 56.73 Mg⋅ha−1, respectively, with a significant difference in total soil carbon storage between them. The soil organic carbon (SOC) decreased with the soil depth, and was significantly negatively correlated to soil bulk density, but positively correlated to STN. However, SOC showed no significant correlations with soil pH, STP and soil moisture content. The SOC arising was not significant affected by the interactions between land use type and soil depth, demonstrating that the SOC is generally affected by soil either depth or stand type, rather than both in this area. This study expects to advance new understanding of the relationships between soil carbon storage and shrub land in the Loess Plateau, and it could also have wider implications for other regions where land use and land cover change is being addressed by afforestation options.
Application of Transfer Matrix Method in Calculating Flexible Deployment Mechanisms Modes
Authors: Wang Min , Liu Qinda , Zhao Tingting , Liu Jiaxing
Published: September 2020

Flexible deployment mechanisms are widely used in the aerospace field. During the satellite antenna’s attitude adjustment and deployment process, vibration will greatly affect the accuracy of the satellite antenna profile after deployment. The finite element method (FEM) has the disadvantages of high calculation order, slow calculation speed and difficult optimization in the process of establishing the dynamic model of the flexible deployment mechanism. This paper uses the principle of the transfer matrix method to propose a calculation method for the natural frequency and vibration mode of a flexible deployment mechanism, which is used to calculate the vibration characteristics of a radial rib deployment antenna. Finally, its accuracy is verified by the finite element method (FEM).
Design and Optimization of a High-altitude Long Endurance UAV Propeller
Authors: You K , Zhao X , Zhao S-Z , Faisal M
Published: September 2020

This paper presents a propeller designed for a solar unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) at 22km altitude. The design objective for the 3-blade propeller is to achieve 72% efficiency and 7 N thrust, with 0.5588m diameter propeller rotating at 5500rpm under freestream velocity 50m/s. For such High-Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) flight vehicle, firstly, three low Reynolds number airfoils were assessed by airfoil aerodynamic performance analysis software Profili. As a result, FX 63-137 was selected for the best lift to drag ratio at given altitude. Secondly, a MATLAB program based on Joukowski propeller vortex theory was employed to determine three dimensional configuration of the blades. Then, CFD simulation was carried out on the preliminary design. Furthermore, optimal design method was employed to improve propeller efficiency of the preliminary design using software ISIGHT. Ten variables including chord lengths and blade pitch angles distribution at five spanwise sections were employed. Finally, the optimized propeller with power 467W was obtained, performance satisfying the requirement.
Design and Optimization of Multi-petal Damping Structure for Vibration Control of Satellite Antenna Component
Authors: Wang Min , Zhao Tingting , Liu Qinda , Liu Jiaxing
Published: September 2020

A preloaded multi-petal friction damping structure is proposed for deployment mechanism of large-scale flexible deployable satellite antenna. The damping structure is designed to suppress transverse vibration for promising stability and accuracy in the deployment process. In order to study the damping property of multi-petal damping structure and facilitate theoretical modelling, the model of deployment component with damping structure is simplified as double-layer cantilever beam model to study mechanical properties of friction and damping energy dissipation mechanism. The optimum parameters of damping structure are determined by numerical analysis of the simplified modal and the hysteresis curve can be obtained by finite element simulation to calculate loss factor. In the dynamic simulation, the loss factor can reach 0.2685 and the vibration amplitude can be reduced by more than 65%, which indicates the excellent effect for vibration suppression and the feasibility of the proposed structure.
Elite Niche Particle Swarm Optimization for Energy Clustering in Aeronautical Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Xu Mengying , Zhou Jie , Yang Rui
Published: September 2020

Recently, a wide variety of applications of aeronautical wireless sensor networks (AWSNs) make the clustering algorithm a paramount issue and bring profound changes to Internet of Things in AWSN-based applications. In AWSN, an energy-clustering algorithm is very significant to reduce the total energy cost of sensing data and solve the energy balance problem in AWSN. However, it is a challenging issue in AWSNs to have a low lifetime and energy utilization rate. In order to achieve a low energy consumption and further improve the lifetime of AWSNs, in this paper, we propose an elite niche particle swarm optimization (ENPSO), which combine the elite selection and niche sharing mechanism to develop the algorithm’s convergence rate and robustness. In the simulation, we compare the energy cost optimized by ENPSO with that optimized by grey wolf optimization (GWO) and simulated annealing (SA). Simulation results demonstrate that the energy cost optimized by ENPSO is 9.63% and 19.54% smaller than GWO and SA when the number of nodes is 100 with 10% cluster heads. It obviously shows that the performance of proposed ENPSO is better than other two algorithms and have a faster convergent rate and better robustness.
Optimal Design of a Typical Fuselage Cross Section for a Certain Type of Civil Aircraft
Authors: Zhang Zhenwei
Published: September 2020

Optimal design of a typical fuselage cross section for civil aircraft is one of the most important aspects of overall aircraft design. In this paper, a typical cross section of a certain type of civil aircraft (referred to as model A) is taken as an example and compared with a similar model B of strength calculation and analysis of deformation, bending moment, stress and other structural bearing efficiency. The principle of the difference is explored and the principle of engineering design of a typical fuselage cross section is summarized. Then the design of the original cross section is optimized by integrating structural load-bearing efficiency, space arrangement and other factors. Strength evaluation is also carried out. Finally, the optimization plan of a typical fuselage cross section of model A is given.
Exploring the Attractive Attributes and Consumer Preferences for Dream Cake
Authors: Hung Chia-Pao , Chen Chun-Chih , Wu Shu-Ming , Hung Ping-Lan
Published: September 2020

The study is mainly to understand consumer preference toward the charm of cake decoration via in-depth interview. Through the interview of 37 participants, we could understand the awareness of consumers to dream cake decoration and provide a physical and theoretical charm factor analysis via evaluation grid method. From the experimental results, it is known that the major factors constituting the charm of dream cake are style, technique, theme, colour, while the abstract image and physical features and properties constituting these four factors are known as well. From abstract aspect, the dream cakes are considered lovely sweet and fun. As to physical aspect, the dream cakes are featured at brilliant skill, matured technique and exquisite. After subsequent verification, the results may be used as references and guidelines for dream cake decoration in the future.
Fluorescent macromolecular chemosensors for highly and selectively detecting of 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenol
Authors: Xiao Yuanji , Yang Xinqian , Cheng Xinjian , Xiong Shuangyu , Chen Rong
Published: September 2020

Among nitroaromatic compounds with similar structures, 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) exhibits strong biological toxicity and explosion hazard. Therefore, detection of TNP is of great importance. In this work, two novel fluorescent macromolecular chemosensors P1 and P2 were prepared using boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) as the fluorophore. After the preparation of small BODIPY molecule M1, another small molecule M2 with two aldehyde groups was synthesized by two consecutive Vilsmeier-Haack reactions. Then, M2 reacts with trans-cyclohexane-1,4-diamine and 1,4-phenylenediamine respectively to obtain two macromolecules P1 and P2 via Schiff Base forming reaction. The results suggested that P1 and P2 could recognize TNP only while other aromatic/nitroaromatic compounds cannot cause significant fluorescence intensity response. When TNP exist, these fluorescent macromolecular chemosensors produce significant fluorescence quenching. At the same time, because the electron-rich Schiff base and the electron-deficient TNP have the structural basis of chemical interaction, these two macromolecular sensors also have excellent sensitivity to TNP, and the excellent recognition limit of detection reach as low as 0.017 μM. High sensitivity and selectivity have been applied to test TNP in lake water samples as well.
Compatibility of medications with intravenous lipid emulsions: Effects of simulated Y-site mixing
Authors: Ross Emma L , Salinas Allison , Petty Kirsten , Her Cheng , Carpenter John F
Published: September 2020

Purpose

To determine the physical intravenous Y-site compatibility of 19 commonly used medications at pediatric concentrations with 3 different types of lipid emulsion.

Methods

Medications at commonly used pediatric concentrations were mixed in a 1:1 ratio with lipid emulsions (Intralipid, Nutrilipid, and Smoflipid) and incubated at room temperature for 4 hours to simulate Y-site administration. Each sample was then diluted with particle-free water and analyzed using the analytical technique of light obscuration recommended in United States Pharmacopeia (USP) general information chapter 729 (USP <729>). Physical compatibility was determined by measuring the percentage of fat residing in globules larger than 5 µm (PFAT5) per USP <729> recommendations.

Results

Most combinations tested were physically compatible based on USP <729> regulations. Incompatibilities differed for the different brands of lipid emulsion. The two combinations that met USP <729> criteria for physical incompatibility were cisatracurium 2 mg/mL with Intralipid and gentamicin 2 mg/mL with Smoflipid.

Conclusion

Three different lipid emulsions were physically compatible at the Y site with the majority of medications tested. Data regarding Y-site compatibility for one lipid emulsion product cannot be safely extrapolated to another without additional testing.
On Tradition and the Conservation of Equity
Authors: Samet Irit
Published: September 2020

This paper explores the question whether the normativity of tradition gives us reasons to preserve the norms of equity (more or less) in their historical form, i.e., as separate from neighboring common law doctrines. The main target of the paper are arguments that call for the replacement of equity with other, arguably more successful, means for attaining the goals equity sets to achieve. It begins by showing that even liberal, progressive and rationalist people should see traditions as making a normative claim on us, as they can potentially possess both instrumental and non-instrumental value that goes over and above the content of the beliefs, rituals or forms of action which they uphold. The second part asks whether equity qua legal tradition exemplifies such value. I find that the unique combination of legal and moral tradition that we find in equity endows it with a great value as an agent for social cohesion, an instrument of coordination and a source of invaluable know-how knowledge. With reference to two concrete examples of alternatives to equity—the continental doctrine of abuse of rights and a good faith principle—I argue that the fact that equity has been the way we do things around here for so long makes it a better platform for reform than an implant from foreign system or a newly devised set of norms. If reform is needed, we should take equity as its starting point rather than wiping the slate clean and starting from scratch.
Genetic variation in the Giant African SnailLissachatina fulica(Bowdich, 1822) in its invasive ranges of Asia and West Africa
Authors: Vijayan Keerthy , Suganthasakthivel R , Sajeev T V , Soorae Pritpal Singh , Naggs Fred , Wade Christopher M
Published: September 2020

The rapidly spreading Giant African Snail Lissachatina [=Achatina] fulica (Bowdich, 1822) has been introduced to many parts of the world since the 1800s and is one of the world’s most invasive species. We compared cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences from four invasive ranges: India, United Arab Emirates (UAE), China and West Africa. Sixteen distinct haplotypes were identified, with nine found in India, four in the UAE, one in China and four in West Africa. Haplotype 5 was the most common haplotype in Asia and haplotype 1 the most common in West Africa. Network analysis suggests that all haplotypes in India, the UAE, China and West Africa were derived from the most common haplotype 5 which is present in all three invasive ranges in Asia. Higher levels of genetic variation were observed in the invasive ranges of Asia than in West Africa. The high genetic variation observed in Asia, together with high levels of trade as exemplified by wood import data, supports the hypothesis that there could have been multiple invasion events in India and the UAE. Additional sampling from the native and invasive ranges in Africa and from other regions of invasion is essential for understanding the movement and spread of L. fulica.
Communicating Through or Communicating with: Approaching Artificial Intelligence from a Communication and Media Studies Perspective
Authors: Natale Simone
Published: September 2020

This review article examines two recent publications that explore the relationship between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and communication. Discussing Human–Machine Communication (HMC) as an emerging area of inquiry within communication and media studies, two important implications of this body of work are highlighted. First, the "human" component still plays a key role in HMC, since what we call “AI” derives from the technical and material functioning of computing technologies as much as from the contribution of the humans who enter in communication with AI technologies. Second, HMC challenges the very concept of medium, because the machine is at the same time the channel as well as the producer of communication messages. A potential way to solve this challenge is to mobilize existing approaches in media history and theory that expand the concept of medium beyond its conceptualization as mere channel.
L’Organe des Anciens? Retour sur les rééditions des
Caractères
de La Bruyère
Authors: Schuwey Christophe
Published: September 2020

This article challenges fundamental assumptions about Jean de La Bruyère’s
Les Caractères
and the eight reissues of the work that were published in just six years — a unique case in canonical French literature. Contrary to critical refrains since the mid-nineteenth century, these editions should not be considered as drafts that preceded a definitive version. Following early modern editorial practices, the reissues are better understood within a concept of periodicity:
Les Caractères
functioned as a media platform that allowed La Bruyère to compete with the
Mercure galant
(the fashionable official media outlet of Louis XIV’s reign) to intervene in topical debates and secure election to the Académie française. Throughout the editions, he subtly re-oriented his positioning and moulded his work into a literary monument. Behind its venerable philosophical tone,
Les Caractères
reveals itself to be a dynamic book, tightly linked to contemporary issues and elaborated from sophisticated media strategies, as well as a textbook case in the historiography of French studies.
Investigation of Cytotoxic Constituents from Seed Pulp of Entada Phaseoloides and Metabolite Profiling Using UPLC-QTOF-MSE
Authors: Pavan Kumar P , Siva Bandi , Katragunta Kumar , Beedkar Supriya D , Ramakrishna Sistla , Barua Chandana C , Suresh Babu K
Published: September 2020

Background

Entada phaseoloides (Linn.) Merr. (Family: Fabaceae) is a well-known, traditional, medicinal plant that has been extensively used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine for centuries to combat a wide range of ailments.

Objective

The goal of this work was to investigate the bioactive constituents from n-butanol extracts of Entada. phaseoloides and develop a method for the comprehensive characterization of saponins using liquid chromatography with an electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS).

Methods

A hyphenated technique, ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS), has been proposed to integrate LC and MS together with NMR for structural elucidation. This method allowed comprehensive characterization of saponin glycosides from E. phaseoloides based on their MS/MS fragmentation study.

Results

The phytochemical study of E. phaseoloides resulted in the isolation and identification of three bio-active constituents. Further, the UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS method led the structure elucidation of saponin constituents directly from crude extracts via comparison of the exact molecular masses from their MS/MS spectra. Identified common fragments m/z 648, 630, 498, 366, and 204 were used for the screening of saponin components.

Conclusions

The present study summarizes the isolation and identification of bio-compounds from n-butanol extract and the demonstration of UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis for the characterization of compounds in complex crude extracts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic study in structural characterization on complex saponins and other metabolites from crude extract of E. phaseoloides using UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MSE.

Highlights

Rapid analysis and characterizations of three new saponins from E. phaseoloides using UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MSE were tentatively identified based on the mass fragmentation study.
Recognition of the pre-salt regional structure of Kwanza basin, offshore in West Africa, derived from the satellite gravity data and seismic profiles
Authors: Qiu Longjun , Chen Zhaoxi , Liu Yalei
Published: September 2020

Kwanza basin, located on the west coast of Africa and the east side of the South Atlantic Ocean, has the potential for deep-water oil and gas exploration. Previous studies have shown that the pre-salt system within the area has high potential for oil and gas storage. However, due to the shielding effect of the evaporating salt rock during the Aptian period, the quality of seismic reflection profiles of the pre-salt layers is poor. This means that the pre-salt sequences, the main fault, the scale and distribution pattern of the rift are not clear. To clarify the pre-salt regional structure pattern and further guide pre-salt exploration, we carried out a series of analyses and target processing of seismic and gravity data. Further, combining other available geological and lithology data as well as a tectonic model, we put forward a new understanding of the pre-salt structure of Kwanza basin. The research shows that the Kwanza basin can be divided into three uplift belts below the salt layer, which are distributed in the NW–SE trending direction. The three key profiles illustrate the distribution of uplift and depression in detail. The explained structural highs distributed in the outer Kwanza basin may be related to oil and gas reservoir. This study could provide the geophysical basis for the re-interpretation of the pre-salt seismic sequence, the strategic selection of pre-salt oil and gas and the next exploration deployment.