bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Narcotráfico, narcocorridos y narconovelas : la economía política del sicariato y su respresentación sonora - visual
Authors: Schlenker Alex
Published: October 2015

En este ensayo se abordan las distintas facetas de las dimensiones económicas del sicariato y sus autores — materiales e intelectuales. Al mismo tiempo se analiza la representación de este tipo de asesinato en los denominados narcocorridos y en algunas obras televisivas. A través del análisis de los lenguajes empleados se busca mapear las relaciones de poder que, entre crimen organizado y sectores del estado moderno, se han producido en los últimos años. ¿Qué tipo de economía desarrollan los carteles de la droga y qué función cumplen por lo tanto los asesinos a sueldo que trabajan para estas u otras organizaciones?
Construyendo un programa de investigación sobre grupos de exterminio : desconfianza, mercados de protección privada y organizaciones criminales en Brasil
Authors: Ratton José Luiz , Alencar Eduardo
Published: October 2015

Este artículo tiene dos objetivos: el primero, investigar si la hipótesis de Diego Gambetta sobre las relaciones entre desconfianza y mafia en Sicilia puede ser aplicada a la explicación de los grupos de exterminio en Brasil. El segundo objetivo es establecer contornos teóricos generales de una agenda de investigación sobre grupos de exterminio en Brasil.
Violencia e identidad : las hinchadas de fútbol en la Argentina
Authors: Garriga Zucal José
Published: October 2015

El fútbol, y en particular la violencia en el fútbol, son temáticas relegadas de la discusión académica, aunque en cierto sentido esta situación se ha ido revirtiendo en los últimos años. La violencia en el fútbol ha sido hasta aquí explicada como una acción irracional propia del estado de incivilización de los sectores más bajos de la sociedad; y por esta razón, los violentos son comúnmente denominados como seres irracionales e incivilizados: salvajes, bárbaros, inadaptados y demás sustantivos denigrantes. Aquellas interpretaciones que conciben a la violencia como una acción irracional, propia de un estadio de barbarie, eluden la representación social de estas acciones y sus relaciones con otros fenómenos sociales. El trabajo de observación participante con los simpatizantes de un club de las divisiones de ascenso del fútbol argentino tuvo como resultado exponer los vínculos existentes entre los actos de violencia y las formas de identificación.
Gobiernos locales y seguridad ciudadana en Brasil : el papel de las consultorías técnicas en el desarrollo de planes municipales de prevención de la violencia
Authors: Ribeiro Ludmila , Patrício Luciane , Patrício Luciane
Published: October 2015

La descentralización de las políticas públicas en Brasil, ocurrida durante la década de los años ochenta, no contempló directamente la seguridad pública. Aún así, en los últimos años, en razón del aumento de la criminalidad y la inseguridad, los municipios fueron presionados a asumir un papel de mayor protagonismo en este sentido. Ocurre que delante de la inexistencia de cuadros especializados para la administración de esta cuestión en el ámbito local, diversas municipalidades han recurrido a las consultorías ofrecidas por las instituciones de investigación y organizaciones no gubernamentales para la realización de estas actividades. Este artículo es una reflexión sobre cuál es el papel de las instituciones externas al municipio en el ámbito de la planificación, implementación, monitoreo y evaluación de políticas municipales de seguridad pública, cuando éstas pasan a ser consideradas sociedades público-privadas. En especial, se pretende presentar cuáles son los límites que tales configuraciones enfrentan, así como las potencialidades y problemas de este acuerdo para el desarrollo de una cultura de seguridad ciudadana.
Gobiernos locales, democracia y seguridad pública en Brasil
Authors: De Lima Renato Sérgio , Carolina de Mattos Ricardo
Published: October 2015

El siguiente artículo presenta una discusión sobre el papel del gobierno local en la seguridad pública en Brasil y los avances y desafíos en el proceso de consolidación del Municipio como un importante actor en la implementación de políticas de seguridad pública. Desde 2000, tal debate ha cobrado fuerza y en el artículo se presentan importantes ejes de discusión que han marcando ese debate, como el marco institucional/legal y las atribuciones de los municipios en la seguridad pública; la relación con las policías; la creación de mecanismos de participación social y de gestión en las políticas locales de seguridad pública; el desarrollo y la cualificación de políticas urbanas de prevención; y la relación con el gobierno federal.
HERBÁCEAS AQUÁTICAS EM SEIS IGAPÓS NA AMAZÔNIA CENTRAL: COMPOSIÇÃO E DIVERSIDADE DE GÊNEROS
Authors: Lopes Aline , Wittmann Florian , Schöngart Jochen , Piedade Maria Teresa Fernandez
Published: October 2015

As herbáceas aquáticas são componentes estruturais dos corpos de água amazônicos e de suas áreas alagáveis.
Elas propiciam abrigo e alimento para organismos da biota aquática, enriquecem nutricionalmente os
ambientes e sua ocorrência e abundância estão relacionadas às propriedades físicas e químicas dos diferentes
corpos de água da região, que refletem a geologia de suas áreas de captação. Neste estudo foi estabelecida e
analisada a riqueza de gêneros de herbáceas aquáticas e sua distribuição em seis igapós de água preta na
Amazônia Central; esses resultados foram comparados àqueles disponíveis na literatura para áreas de várzea
também da Amazônia Central. Os resultados foram obtidos por meio de inventários realizados entre os anos
de 2007 e 2013 nos rios Negro, Jaú, Jufari, Acará, Água Boa do Univiní e Cuiuni. Foram amostradas 106
parcelas retangulares de 100 x1 m distribuídas nos seis pontos amostrais (10 a 29 parcelas por ponto). O
levantamento florístico revelou 63 gêneros distribuídos em 25 famílias botânicas, predominando as famílias
Cyperaceae, Poaceae e Araceae. A composição de famílias teve apenas 17% de semelhança com o inventário
disponível para a várzea próxima a Manaus. As áreas também apresentaram alta dissimilaridade
compartilhando apenas três gêneros, Scleria, Montrichardia e Paspalum. As áreas de igapó estudadas, da
mesma forma que aquelas de várzea registradas na literatura são reguladas pelo pulso de inundação,
entretanto, as águas ácidas e pobres em nutrientes típicas das áreas de igapó inventariadas podem explicar a
baixa diversidade do igapó, bem como a baixa similaridade de espécies entre os dois ecossistemas. A presença
de uma composição de herbáceas aquáticas diferenciada daquela de outros ecossistemas alagáveis amazônicos
pode resultar de uma alta especialização a ambientes extremos.
PEDOLOGIA BRASILEIRA NA ANTÁRTICA: A PESQUISA DE SOLOS AFETADOS POR PERMAFROST NO CENÁRIO DO AQUECIMENTO GLOBAL
Authors: Pereira Thiago Torres Costa , Schaefer Carlos Ernesto G. R. , Rodrigues Rafael de Ávila , Pinheiro Leandro de Souza
Published: October 2015

A Antártica representa um ambiente peculiar para formação de solos e estudo de muitos de seus processos,
sendo que alguns dos quais possuem características atípicas. Solos afetados por permafrost são encontrados
nas regiões árticas e subárticas, em altas montanhas e nas regiões livres de gelo da Antártica, e abrangem
cerca de 13 % da cobertura terrestre. Atualmente, é inegável a influência do permafrost sobre os recursos
hídricos, propriedades do solo, e desenvolvimento de vegetação. Além destes, uma série de questões estão
relacionadas às mudanças no balanço de carbono, em reflexo à degradação do permafrost pelo aumento de
temperatura. As quatro maiores regiões da Criosferano mundo são: Antártica, Oceano Ártico, as neves extrapolares e os ambientes montanhosos bastante frios. Mudanças na Criosferaem resposta ao aquecimento global
são prováveis de serem observadas inicialmente em zonas de transição, em torno das extremidades de geleiras
e camadas de gelo, e em áreas de permafrost, ambientes que em contrapartida, influenciam, mesmo que
indiretamente, todas as superfícies da Terra. O debate sobre a possibilidade da ocorrência de aumento da
temperatura global causado pelos gases do efeito estufa despertou atenção de pesquisadores sobre o estado de
equilíbrio das grandes massas de gelo e permafrost presentes na Antártica. Outros fatores importantes
envolvem as interações que influenciam diretamente as relações tróficas e rotas de transferência de matéria e
energia entre o oceano e as áreas costeiras na Antártica. Nestes locais, existe grande aporte de materiais
orgânicos depositados por aves, com destaque para os pinguins, sendo a incorporação destes materiais
orgânicos à matriz mineral do solo a principal influência na caracterização dos solos ornitogênicos. Diante
destes fatos, foram iniciados em 2002 os estudos pedológicos pelo então Projeto Criossolos, atual Núcleo
Terrantar. Os trabalhos do Terrantar, que começaram na Baía do Almirantado - Ilha Rei George, foram se
expandindo ao longo das Ilhas Shetlands do Sul e Península Antártica, sendo Hope Bay, no extremo norte da
Península, o primeiro trabalho efetivamente realizado no continente antártico pelo referido Núcleo. Diversos
trabalhos foram produzidos, com destaque para as características morfológicas, físicas, químicas,
minaralógicas e micromorfológicas dos solos, além de mapeamentos, em trabalhos típicos de pedologia e
levantamentos de solos, apresentados nesta revisão.
GESTÃO INTEGRADA E GERENCIAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS DE SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE NA UGRHI -PP
Authors: Ferreira Eduardo Rodrigues
Published: October 2015

Este artigo apresenta os resultados a respeito das atividades de gestão integrada e gerenciamento de Resíduos
de Serviços de Saúde (RSS) na Unidade de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos do Pontal do Paranapanema
(CBH-PP). Foram analisadas as atividades das vigilâncias sanitárias municipais e o gerenciamento interno e
externo dos RSS de 77 estabelecimentos geradores, distribuídos em 19 municípios. Os estabelecimentos
analisados foram unidades básicas de saúde, prontos socorros e laboratório de análises clínicas. O estudo
abrangeu também as atividades da Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB) e do Comitê de
Bacia Hidrográfica do Pontal do Paranapanema (CBH-PP). As técnicas empregadas para a realização desta
pesquisa foram: coleta de dados; pesquisa bibliográfica; pesquisa documental; caracterização gravimétrica e
classificação dos RSS gerados pelos estabelecimentos geradores municipais, durante o período de oito dias,
como preconiza a Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde, aliada à Resolução CONAMA nº. 358/05. A
pesquisa demonstrou quatro principais dificuldades, sendo: das vigilâncias sanitárias municipais em relação às
atividades de fiscalização, monitoramento e controle de RSS; na segregação entre resíduos do Grupo A
(comuns) e Grupo D (Infectantes); e, no cumprimento da RDC ANVISA nº. 306/04; e, infraestrutura
inadequada para abrigar os RSS.
PERCEPÇÃO E RISCO NA AMAZÔNIA SETENTRIONAL: UM ESTUDO NA CIDADE DE RORAINÓPOLIS – RORAIMA-BRASIL
Authors: Raposo Tácio José Natal , Filho Artur Rosa , Teixeira Paulo Roberto , Barbosa Tânia Maria Sena
Published: October 2015

O presente artigo tem como objetivo realizar um estudo sobre a percepção das áreas de risco do município de
Rorainópolis, estado de Roraima, Brasil. O local dapesquisa foi limitado ao perímetro de influência da foz do
rio Chico Reis que corta a cidade onde se localizamtrês bairros: Suelândia, Novo Horizonte e Floresta. A
escolha das casas entrevistadas levou em consideração a sua localização. Foram entrevistadas 24 famílias
residentes nesses locais, considerados de risco. Os resultados das entrevistas demonstraram que a população
que vive nessas áreas não está satisfeita com seu local de moradia, porém afirmam que devido sua condição
econômica, não têm para onde irem.
Segmentación y posicionamiento de los servicios microfinancieros en Colombia: un estudio comparativo en la industria
Authors: Garcia Carvajal Santiago
Published: October 2015

Este artículo propone un análisis del consumidor microfinanciero en Colombia a partir de su adaptación al entorno que presenta la industria con base en definiciones básicas: la visión original denominada alivio a la pobreza, representada generalmente por la Cumbre de microcrédito y Yunus con su banco Grameen; y la segunda visión denominada minimalista, representada por actores como el cgap (Consultative Group to Assist the Poor), usaid (Agencia de Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional), ACCION International y la Universidad del Estado de Ohio, entre otros.
Para el Análisis del Comportamiento se llevó a cabo un Análisis Factorial a fin de determinar segmentos de mercado en función de su tamaño y composición. Finalmente, se analizó el sistema afectivo-cognoscitivo del consumidor
microfinanciero por medio de escalamiento multidimensional con el propósito de obtener el mapa perceptual de los consumidores.
Palabras clave: administración de portafolio, estrategia, mercadeo bancario, microfinanzas.
Redes neuronales artificiales en la producción de tecnología
Authors: Coello Blanco Lenniet , Casas Laura , Pérez González Olga Lidia , Caballero Mota Yailé
Published: October 2015

 La presente investigación surgió para resolver el déficit de promoción en la asignatura de álgebra lineal de los estudiantes de las carreras de ciencias técnicas de la Educación Superior. La solución se basó en incorporar redes neuronales artificiales como tecnología educativa para apoyar al estudiante durante su estudio independiente, acumulando conocimiento y simulando el rol de un profesor. Este artículo ofrece una guía que comprende tres etapas para aquellas personas que deseen desarrollar sistemas inteligentes basados en redes neuronales artificiales para dicha asignatura
El examen del Icfes –Saber 11– y la prueba de entrada como predictores del aprendizaje de los estudiantes de primer semestre de psicología de una universidad privada de Bogotá
Authors: Pardo Adames Carlos Antonio , Cabarcas Acosta Karen
Published: October 2015

 Es una tradición en Colombia que las Instituciones de Educación Superior utilicen diversos procesos para el ingreso de los estudiantes a sus programas y el de mayor uso es el Examen de Estado Saber 11, requisito obligatorio como elemento de admisión. Igualmente, éstas utilizan pruebas diseñadas por las instituciones como un elemento adicional de ingreso. Este estudio plantea la pregunta de si estas pruebas en realidad constituyen buen material para incluirlas como parte determinante del ingreso de estudiantes o si su utilidad es restringida y es mejor utilizar otros mecanismos complementarios. Los resultados indican que ambas pruebas se relacionan en forma significativa con el resultado del aprendizaje de los estudiantes medido a través de las notas obtenidas durante el primer semestre, aunque la prueba Saber 11 tiene una relación negativa. El porcentaje de varianza explicado por las pruebas de entrada es 27%, lo que implica que sería pertinente ampliar el alcance del estudio e incluir otras variables potencialmente relacionadas
Intra-strains diversity of expression of polymorphic PKS4 gene in comparison in zearalenone production by Fusarium graminearum during in vitro cultivation.
Authors: Misiewicz Anna , Goncerzewicz Anna , Jędrzejczak Renata , Zdziennicki Filip
Published: October 2015

Filamentous fungi belonging to the Fusarium genus are responsible for large economic losses due to their high pathogenicity and toxigenicity. Fusarium sp. may produce variety of mycotoxins, one of them is zearalenone (ZEA). The presence of the PKS4 gene shows the possibility of zearalenone biosynthesis by Fusarium sp. In this study, in four Fusarium graminearum and one Fusarium poae strains the presence of PKS4 genes and ZEA concentrations were determined. The presence of the PKS4 gene was confirmed by classical polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in three of four strains of F. graminearum. One strain with no PKS4 gene detected was found while still producing ZEA. In the present study, a real-time PCR assay has been successfully performed for the relative expression of Fusarium strains based on new designed primers targeting the PKS4 gene involved in ZEA biosynthesis. Result shows that P56/4 strain of F. graminearum has the highest mRNA level, in the range of 12, what correlates to the high production of this mycotoxin. In this study, a real-time PCR assay has been successfully developed for the prediction of the production of ZEA by F. graminearum strains by PCR real-time techniques based on primers targeting the gene, PKS4, involved in ZEA biosynthesis. The special significance was pointed to occurring genes polymorphism.
Temperature and leaf nitrogen affect performance of plant species at range overlap
Authors: Fisichelli Nicholas A. , Stefanski Artur , Frelich Lee E. , Reich Peter B.
Published: October 2015

Plant growth and survival near range limits are likely sensitive to small changes in environmental conditions. Warming temperatures are causing range shifts and thus changes in species composition within range‐edge ecotones; however, it is often not clear how temperature alters performance. Through an observational field study, we assessed temperature and nitrogen effects on survival and growth of co‐occurring temperate (Acer saccharum) and boreal (Abies balsamea) saplings across their overlapping range limits in the Great Lakes region, USA. Across sampled ranges of soil texture, soil pH, and precipitation, it appears that temperature affects leaf nitrogen for A. saccharum near its northern range limit (R2 = 0.64), whereas there was no significant leaf N ~ temperature relationship for A. balsamea. Higher A. saccharum leaf N at warm sites was associated with increased survival and growth. Abies balsamea survival and growth were best modeled with summer temperature (negative relationship); performance at warm sites depended upon light availability, suggesting the shade‐tolerance of this species near its southern range limits may be mediated by temperature. The ranges of these two tree species overlap across millions of hectares, and temperature and temperature‐mediated nitrogen likely play important roles in their relative performance.
A bioenergetics model to evaluate demographic consequences of disturbance in marine mammals applied to gray whales
Authors: Villegas-Amtmann S. , Schwarz L. K. , Sumich J. L. , Costa D. P.
Published: October 2015

While sophisticated tools are used to monitor behavioral changes of large marine vertebrates, determining whether these changes are meaningful for management and conservation is challenging. The Population Consequences of Disturbance model proposed a bioenergetics model to detect biologically meaningful population responses, where disturbance costs are linked to lost energy. The model assumes that changes in behavior, caused by disturbance, compromise maternal condition, reducing energy delivery to offspring, leading to reduced reproduction, increased offspring mortality, and eventually increased adult mortality. Given its coastal habits and past whaling history, gray whales' (Eschrichtius robustus) life history and ecology are better known than for many other baleen whales. However, their preference for coastal habitat increases their exposure to human disturbance. We created a female gray whale bioenergetics model to determine energy requirements for a two‐year reproductive cycle and determined the consequences of lost energy under three possible disturbance scenarios. An annual energetic loss of 4% during the year in which she is pregnant, would prevent a female from successfully producing/weaning a calf. For this reason, gray whale reproduction is particularly sensitive to disturbance during pregnancy. During the year in which she is lactating, she would wean her calf at a lower mass with a 37% energetic loss. A female would lack the energy to become pregnant during a year with a 30–35% energetic loss, and female mortality would likely occur at 40–42% annual energetic loss. Our model can be used for assessing disturbance costs or other effects associated with climate change and/or anthropogenic activities and can be applied to other species with similar life histories.
Using life history trade‐offs to understand core‐transient structuring of a small mammal community
Authors: Supp Sarah R. , Koons David N. , Ernest S. K. Morgan
Published: October 2015

An emerging conceptual framework suggests that communities are composed of two main groups of species through time: core species that are temporally persistent, and transient species that are temporally intermittent. Core and transient species have been shown to differ in spatiotemporal turnover, diversity patterns, and importantly, survival strategies targeted at local versus regional habitat use. While the core‐transient framework has typically been a site‐specific designation for species, we suggest that if core and transient species have local versus regional survival strategies across sites, and consistently differ in population‐level spatial structure and gene flow, they may also typically exhibit different life‐history strategies. Specifically, core species should display relatively low movement rates, low reproductive effort, high ecological specialization and high survival rates compared to transient species, which may display a wider range of traits given that transience may result from source‐sink dynamics or from the ability to emigrate readily in a nomadic fashion. We present results from 21 years of capture‐mark‐recapture data in a diverse rodent community, evaluating the linkages between temporal persistence, local abundance, and trade‐offs among life‐history traits. Core species at our site conservatively supported our hypotheses, differing in ecological specialization, survival and movement probabilities, and reproductive effort relative to transient species. Transient species exhibited a wider range of characteristics, which likely stems from the multiple processes generating transience in local communities, such as source‐sink dynamics at larger regional scales or nomadic life history strategies. We suggest that trait associations among core‐transient species may be similar in other systems and warrants further study.
First Fishbone Well Drilling at Vankorskoe Field
Authors: Bazitov M. V. , Golovko I. S. , Konosov D. A. , Mingazov A. N. , Nigmatullin R. R. , Lokot A. V. , Malyasov V. Y.
Published: October 2015

A horizontal well in Vankor oil field, Russia, was drilled with a multilateral fishbone shape to increase production. This type of drilling, in which branches (ribs) are drilled into a single layer from the main horizontal section, increases the reservoir drainage area over that covered by single-bore horizontal wells.

In recent decades, rotary steerable systems (RSS) have been actively used by the Russian oil industry to drill elongated horizontal wells in sweet formation zones. This strategy is possible because of the development and availability of RSS technology in the oil and gas industry and is financially feasible because the production rate of horizontal wells is greater than that vertical wells. The Vankor is one of the largest oil fields in Russia. Since 2009, advanced RSS technologies have been successfully used in this field to develop reservoirs by drilling horizontal holes with length ranges from 300 to 1000m. One of the three major formations in this field is the Cretaceous Nizhnekhet 1 formation, with a thickness of approximately 1 to 2 meters. It is the thinnest reservoir formation in the field, and it exhibits the lowest recovery rate against the two other major reservoirs. The fishbone drilling strategy was adopted by the operator to improve the single-well production rate from the Nizhnekhet 1 formation. Given the geological conditions, the main significant challenge is to place ribs from the horizontal hole in a narrow drilling tunnel 1 m above and 1 m below the trajectory.

In December, 2014 the first fishbone well in the Vankor field was drilled. The well plan called for drilling a multilateral well with nine additional branches from the main horizontal borehole. Technologies applied during drilling included control of the trajectory with geologically oriented drilling and openhole sidetracking. A multifunctional team of drilling engineers and geologists from the operator and the service company successfully placed the branches within the 2-m thick reservoir. In early production results, the fishbone well showed two times higher production compared to a single-bore horizontal well.

Implementation of lessons learned from this first fishbone well in Vankor field will create new approach to multiplying the productivity of horizontal wells coming through involvement in the development of additional volumes of oil in rocks with low productivity and also, by increasing the area of interaction with the productive part of the reservoir within the same horizontal wells.
Development and Field Testing of the Downhole Multi-Purpose Thrusting Device for Drilling of Deep Vertical and Directional Wells
Authors: Buslaev George V. , Belkin Alexander S.
Published: October 2015

The article uses results of a 5- year research of a hydraulic thruster used to create a constant weight-on-bit and impact load to free stuck pipe in deep and directional wells including horizontal wells too. The main distinguished feature of the device is its multifunctionality determined by its structural design and sufficient stroke length of the sliding shaft. The proposed solutions will compensate axial vibrations and resonance in the drill string as well. The article explains the necessity of using hydraulic thruster for extended reach and horizontal wells. Formulas expression and research results of dynamic impact load change is demonstrated for different accelerations during pulling out when using thruster to free stuck pipe. The strength of material and testing requirements are specified. Development and field testing methodology and results are described as well.
The First Experience of Rod-Shaped Proppant Implementation in Western Siberia Oil Fields
Authors: Valiullin Albert , Makienko Vladimir , Overin Alexander , Yudin Alexey , Gromovenko Alexander
Published: October 2015

The most efficient way of production enhancement is the hydraulic fracturing which has proven efficient in majority of the fields in Western Siberia and over the world. Despite wide stimulation experience in the Siberian region there are still some unresolved issues. One is the proppant flowback, a root cause of well equipment damage and also reduction in conductivity of the fracture itself.

One of the ways to prevent the problem is the usage of resin-coated proppant (RCP). However there is a disadvantage of this method - agglomeration of polymeric material reduces fracture conductivity in the near-wellbore area. Since 2013 a pilot campaign with the usage of rod-shaped proppant has started in a region. This unique product has two main advantages over a classical spherical proppant: enhanced conductivity of a proppant pack and inherited proppant flow back prevention. Due to the rod-shaped form of the particles, pack has improved stability. Comparison of conductivity tests for different proppants shows that rod-shaped proppant outperforms conventional ones typically used in the region. This also leads to better fluid and polymer recovery and results in increased effective fracture length, hence in substantial production enhancement.

There are 9 oil fields near Langepas a city in Khanty-Mansiysk district. These oil fields are at the latest stage of development: decreasing production rates and recovery of the most part of resources. Drilling has shifted to edge zones of the reservoirs and wells start-up is challenging due to low production rates (small net pays and low values of permeability and porosity). At the moment rod-shaped proppant has been successfully implemented in 4 wells on Jurassic and Achimov formation and the first positive results have been obtained - no proppant flow-backs detected and wells productivity enhanced by 20%.

Detailed results of the first project with rod-shaped proppant application in Western Siberia (Russia), including a comprehensive analysis of well production performance, are covered in this paper.
Investigation of Downhole Jet Pump Unit for Dual Completion of Two and More Reservoirs
Authors: Tumanyan Kh. A. , Plyev A. M. , Kovalevsky S. A. , Korneev A. A.
Published: October 2015

Nowadays the most part of remaining reserves of the largest oilfields is referred to the category of the tight ones, which is economically unprofitable. To make the removal of oil more complete it is necessary to involve all the existing objects into the elaboration in the context of one well. This fact has caused great interest to the technology of simultaneous-separate operation of two or three objects.

The dual completion is a new step in the increased adaptability and efficiency of oil field development.

At present different schemes and equipment for the parallel scheme technology of the dual completion are being actively invented. In this regard the use of the parallel scheme technology of the dual completion with the help of a jet and pump unit seems to be actual.

The constructions of jet and pump units working according to the scheme of parallel connection of two layers are known. However, the lack of special technique of selection of two jet and pump units makes the application of this scheme very limited. As a result of the work a new mathematical model and technique of calculation jet pumps has been invented.

In the framework of the presented research a new program "Jet and pump unit for the technology of the multi-level oil and gas recovery" has been worked out. This program allows making recalculation mode of pump equipment in conditions of changing formation parameters.
Development of Methodology for Determining the Lateral and Vertical Extension of Technogenic Fractures Based On Production and Common Well Log Data for One of the Fields In Western Siberia
Authors: Semenov A. A. , Makarova E. S. , Ishmuratov I. F. , Komova P. Yu.
Published: October 2015

To continue effective development requiring alteration of waterflood system and reduction of risks associated with infill sidetrack drilling of UV1 formation of Varingskoe oil field in Western Siberia, which is characterized by high water cut and presence of confirmed technogenic fracturing we developed a procedure using analysis of production and well-log data for identification of technogenic fracture zones and their lateral and vertical extent.

The analysis of lateral technogenic fracturing distribution is based on a method of statistical evaluation of injection wells influence on production wells rates using Spearman rank correlation. According to the analysis and the results of additionally performed tracer injection test and special core analysis determining the principal stress axes on core samples we determined zones in which technogenic fracturing substantially adds to water cut of producing wells and principal directions in which fracturing takes place for each producing well.

To assess the confinement of technogenic fractures to any reservoir interval we compared wells which have tight impermeable layers within productive strata and ones that lack them with fractures identified statistically.

Using statistical analysis we identified for each production well the direction of fracture propagation with qualitative assessment of intensity of fracture role in fluid flow in that direction, with the preferred orientation being subparallel to low-amplitude tectonic faults coinciding with the principal directions of the stress tensor determined on core samples.

A joint analysis of technogenic fracture map and distribution of tight non-permeable layers within producing intervals allowed to determine a strong correlation (central northern part of the reservoir) between the lack of these tight layers and low Spearman rank correlation coefficient, which indirectly points to the relation between tight, conductive layers (as a result of plastic deformation and subsequent fracturing) and high fluid flow rates.

Analysis of production data using this algorithm helps in determination of lateral and vertical fracture distribution for subsequent analysis and alteration of waterflooding system as well as correction of injection profile, risk reduction in determination of remaining mobile oil reserves areas and planning of new wells based on realistic fluid flow models.
Integrated Petrophysical Approach to Evaluation of Fracturing in the Eastern Siberia Riphean Deposits
Authors: Shchetinina Natalia , Malshakov Alexey , Khabarov Alexey , Grinchenko Vasiliy
Published: October 2015

In recent years most of the world oil and gas companies focus increasingly greater attention on studying unconventional reservoirs, to which the rocks with secondary porosity can be justly related. The paper presents an integrated interdisciplinary approach, which combines the analysis of overall geological, geophysical, and production information to identify fractured zones and predict their distribution in the formation. The interpretation of formation micro-images, full-wave sonic log, mud log, production log, and core data is combined with well test data for the most effective evaluation of near-wellbore fracturing.

Based on core data it was found that vugs predominantly develop in fractures, and the mineral composition of rocks was defined more accurately. The algorithms for determination of mineral composition and porosity based on well log data were proposed.

As a result, in correlation with seismic data, the complex approach was developed to fractures identification in well sections and their distribution in the interwell space.

Some specific features of hydrocarbons and water distribution in rock were revealed. Main types of fractures (background and feathering) were determined. The method for determination and prediction of general background fractures was presented. It was found that shale volume (Vsh) and bed thickness are the main geological factors, which control the density of background fracturing. It was determined that the intensity of feathering fractures regularly increases towards faults. The qualitative classification of fractures by the level of reliability of their identification was developed, and the comprehensive approach to the estimation of zones with different productivity was proposed. The geological 3D model was generated, which reflects probable zones of fracturing.

The paper, for the first time for the Eastern Siberia Riphean deposits, confirms the suggestion that the matrix pores of Riphean deposits in N field are predominantly occupied with residual water, whereas the reserves are concentrated in vugs and fractures. The criteria of reliability of fractured zones identification were drafted.
Core Flow Models For Analysis Of Laboratory Tests On Parameters For WAG Simulations: A Case Study From R. Trebs Oil Field
Authors: Gimazov A. A. , Russkikh K. G. , Murinov K. Yu. , Savichev V. I. , Makatrov A. K. , Emchenko O. V. , Zainullin A. V.
Published: October 2015

The paper presents the workflow for planning, conducting and analyzing core laboratory experiments with the help of dynamic simulations to estimate the parameters required for adequate and robust modeling of water and gas injection at R. Trebsa oil field. At the stage of planning the physical processes which take place in a reservoir when oil is displaced by a mixture of water and gas are given special consideration with the objective to obtain strict and one-valued definition of the missing parameters required for modeling by calibrating the core flow simulation to the experimental data. The findings were used to determine relative permeabilities under miscible displacement, to adjust relative permeabilities under immiscible displacement and to estimate the parameters of hysteresis and three-phase flow.
Contact Determination, Fluid Typing and Deliverability Estimation in North Caspian Appraisal Wells
Authors: Blinov V. , Weinheber P. , Vasilyev D. , Ivashin M. , Shtun S. , Samoylenko A. , Ganichev D. , Tereschuk A. , Alexeev I.
Published: October 2015

This paper presents a comprehensive example of wireline formation tester and drillstem tester data that offers insight to compare and contrast the information that can be delivered by these two similar but different technologies. The dataset presented here consists of logs, WFT and DST data from two North Caspian wells penetrating Cretaceous and Jurassic layers. The log data is used to initially predict fluid types and contacts. This is later verified with WFT data. This combined answer is then used to design a well test program to extract maximum data for development planning. Data is also used to defend the booking of reserves before state committees.

Difficult reservoir conditions including complex mineralogy and varying and unknown water salinity can make fluid typing and contact determination from wireline logs alone to be problematic. By incorporating WFT downhole fluid analysis data ambiguities in the petrophysical interpretation can be resolved and the results from the continuous log measurements can be calibrated by the sparser WFT dataset. Mobility information from WFT data is also used to calibrate log-derived permeabilities and this is used appropriately plan the DST program. Finally data from the DST program, including rates, fluid types and fluid properties are reconciled with the corresponding WFT data.
Modeling of Effective Pressure Effect on Deformation Mechanisms of Fractured Reservoirs
Authors: Lukin S. , Oshmarin R , Tugarova M. , Dubinya N. , Chebyshev I.
Published: October 2015

The development of dynamic geomechanical model (including the effect of permeability change caused by stress state alteration) is presented in the paper. The aim of the research is the analysis of conductivity decrease acting on the cumulative production. For the purpose of modeling of reservoir pressure decreasing during field development, the special core analysis method based on the key structural features of the rocks, including the void space has been carried out. Laboratory studies have shown the changes in the morphology and spatial distribution of microcracks after the experiment and the increase in the void space as a whole. In the low permeability samples the decrease in filtration properties is more considerable than in the high permeability ones. It can be explained by the genesis of new microcracks in originally solid crystalline rocks. An application module for combined hydrodynamic and geomechanical modeling was developed based on the introduced mathematical model. The interpreted results of laboratory experiments were integrated in the module. As a result, the existing hydrodynamic models were modified taking into account the alteration of permeability caused by stress field dynamic. The analysis of permeability change altering the cumulative production was carries out.
Record Erd Senomanian wells on Yamal
Authors: Zadvornov Dmitriy , Truba Andrey , Petrakov Yuriy , Sobolev Alexey , Pavlov Valeriy , Dymov Sergey , Grachev Oleg , Sosedkin Dmitriy , Ivashin Maxim , Gaynanov Ilnur , Zhernakov Vladimir , Glebov Evgeniy , Shokarev Ivan , Gulov Artur , Zhludov Alexey
Published: October 2015

The article is based on experience of drilling record Senomanian ERD wells on Yurkharovskoe field from the bank of the Tazovskaya Guba towards offshore.

Core problem happening while drilling such extended wells is wellbore instability happening in mudstone intervals when drilling close to the bedding.

This article is devoted to study of the specific breakout mechanism in mudstone at shallow depth and finding the solution for well trajectory optimization to prevent wellbore instability.

The main problem was solved in the work is optimization of shallow Senomanian wells trajectories via geomechanical modeling coupling with drilling experience which allow to find the solution and solve the instability problems while drilling.

Drilling experinse of Senomanian wells was analized and used for geomechanical model verification and chose the best wells trajectories.

Feature of mudstone collapse while drilling close to bedding at shallow depth was investigated, also termal expansion effect and its inpact on wellbore instability was evaluated.

The result of the work was trajectories optimization and succesfull drilling of Senomanian wells on Yurkharovsko? field. Drilled wells have record horizontal displasement from vertical among all wells on YaNAO.

The aggregate results of engineering calculations and obtained experience of Senomanian wells drilling have perspective opportunities of design and construction of such wells in YaNAO.
Management of Initial Data Uncertainties in 3D Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Sadykov Radik , Mikhaylov Alexey
Published: October 2015

This paper demonstrates the multivariate approach as a tool for the management of initial data uncertainties in 3D reservoir simulation processes. The multivariate approach helps to address several problems, including optimizing the development scenario, determining the well type, and calculating the optimal horizontal well completion system.

The method for determining the optimal development scenarios includes performing multiple forecast runs on simulation models with variations of initial data (such as permeability and water/oil contact) for various development scenarios (including well spacing and development plan). Then, the data are systematized, and a statistical analysis is performed with the calculation of economic indicators. The distributions of technical and economic development parameters are built from the results of these processes. The optimal development scenario is selected directly by selecting the realization with the maximum probability of occurrence from the most economically successful realizations. In other words, a development scenario is considered optimal if it has maximum probability of occurrence in the data set and maximum economic indicators (net present value (NPV) and profitability index (PI)).

The paper uses two case studies to illustrate the multivariate approach for determining the optimal development scenarios by considering the initial data uncertainties.

For gas field A (eastern Caspian, lower Jurassic terrigenous deposits), the task of determining the optimal well type and spacing of the new wells was addressed by using multivariate reservoir simulation. The data uncertainty is attributable to a core test result error in the permeability determination and to a lack of data for the gas/water contact depth in accordance with the well testing and production testing results. A total of 10,000 simulations of the multivariate reservoir and economic model were run to determine the optimal well type and well spacing. In addition, probabilistic values of the development technical and economic indicators P10, P50, and P90 were determined. The results of the calculation enabled the optimal development parameters to be selected and the effect of the initial data uncertainties on the final technical and economic indicators of the field development to be evaluated.

The length of horizontal wells, hydraulic fracture spacing, and optimal well spacing were selected based on the multivariate approach for oilfield B (western Siberian oil and gas province, upper Jurassic). For this purpose, 100,000 iterations of the development scenarios forecast were calculated based on the multivariate simulation model. Based on the analysis of the calculations and economic model, the optimal length of the horizontal section and fracture spacing were selected and justified, enabling the optimal design and completion system for horizontal wells, as well as risk mitigation measures, to be selected.
Risks and Uncertainties Evaluation of Reservoir Models as a Way to Optimal Decisions
Authors: Sazonov Evgenii , Nugaeva Alfiya , Muryzhnikov Anton , Eydinov Dmitry
Published: October 2015

When horizontal wells are being planned, reservoir engineers have specific requirements to the quality of prediction. Knowledge about the reservoir structure and properties, number of reservoir beds and the other parameters in the areas far from the well bores is critical for decision-making. However, all geological modeling tools can only estimate the reservoir properties in the interwell space with some uncertainty. The modern modeling workflows with ensembles of simulation models allow uncertainty and risk analysis with validation of the available data. That helps to investigate different development scenarios and maximize the profit.

In this work, we discuss the workflows for assisted history matching, uncertainty and risk assessment as well as the impact it has on the field development. The paper shares practical experience of application of the model ensembles for history matching and prediction. Multiple solution history matching is obtained with assisted history matching tools. Differential evolution optimization algorithm is used for minimizing the mismatch between the simulation results and the observed data. Tornado diagrams representing the impact of the individual parameters on the objective function value was used for sensitivity analysis and ranging the uncertainty parameters. Eventually, based on the multiple history matching solutions, engineers propose field development plan that is less sensitive to the uncertainty and minimizes the risks.

Multiple solutions are found with evolutionary algorithms, which are based on multiple realizations of simulation models with stochastic distribution of the parameter values. Some practical aspects of application of assisted history matching software are discussed in details. The authors share their experience with the workflows and share some recommendations about the basic steps, such as sensitivity analysis, automatic history matching with optimizers, identifying the key parameters, and ranging the multiple solutions obtained.

The standard company workflows in ANK Bashneft assume that multiple solutions found at the history matching stage are then used for optimization of the new wells or workovers on the existing wells. In this work, we carried out prediction with uncertainty assessment for optimizing operational regimes for injection and production wells, infill drilling scheme, well trajectory optimization, EOR's, oil in place localization and optimization of the lab research program to reduce the model uncertainty. It is clearly demonstrated that the uncertainty quantification helps to make decisions that are more efficient and significantly improve the project economics.