bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A reconfiguração da Sociologia no Brasil: expansão institucional e mobilidade docente
Authors: Lima Jacob
Published: May 2019

Este artigo analisa a reconfiguração do campo da Sociologia no Brasil, tendo como recorte a expansão da graduação e da pós-graduação a partir dos anos 1980, que resultou num crescimento sem precedentes da pesquisa social no país. Esse processo se consolidou com a normatização da avaliação da pós-graduação, bem como com a implantação de políticas de fomento à formação e pesquisa e, a partir de 2003, de programas de expansão das universidades públicas, com novas universidades, novos campi, institutos federais e maior democratização do acesso a estudantes de baixa renda, cotistas e outros. Nesse período, houve uma forte renovação geracional propiciada, de um lado, pela abertura de novas vagas nas universidades públicas decorrentes de programas de expansão, como o PROUNI, e, de outro, pela aposentadoria de um número expressivo de professores que participaram da montagem e organização da pós-graduação de Sociologia em diferentes regiões do país. Esse conjunto de situações levou a um processo que estamos chamando de “nacionalização” do campo da Sociologia no Brasil. Nacionalização no sentido da construção de uma cultura acadêmica não mais restrita a pequenos grupos e regiões, mas à sua generalização pelo país de uma forma cada vez mais conectada com o desenvolvimento da disciplina internacionalmente. Para demonstrar essa afirmação utilizamos alguns indicadores: os dados do CCGE, que, por sua vez, utiliza dados da Plataforma Sucupira da Capes e da RAIS sobre número de cursos e titulados no mestrado e doutorado, assim como a situação diante do mercado de trabalho no período 1996-2014. Foram levantados também os cursos de graduação ativos no país a partir de 1933 e seu crescimento até 2018 através do site e-mec do Ministério da Educação. Utilizamos ainda a Plataforma Sucupira da Capes, para obter dados dos docentes disponíveis em todos os programas credenciados da área.
Participação e democratização da segurança pública no Brasil em perspectiva comparada: os casos de Rio de Janeiro e Pará
Authors: Trajano Sento-Sé João , Marinho Leandro
Published: May 2019

A partir de um estudo de caso em perspectiva comparada dos conselhos estaduais de segurança pública do Rio de Janeiro e do Pará, este trabalho pretende compreender como dentro de um mesmo setor de políticas públicas contextos diferentes tendem a gerar instituições com desenhos e estruturas distintas. Para tanto, foram observados os respectivos modelos de organização, os padrões de interação Estado/sociedade civil em seu funcionamento, o grau de institucionalização e de desenvolvimento, a capacidade de incidência sobre a política de segurança pública e os principais problemas enfrentados em seu histórico.
Memorial Claudia Barcellos Rezende
Authors: Barcellos Rezende Claudia
Published: May 2019

Este memorial foi defendido em 19 de abril de 2018. A banca examinadora foi composta pelos Profs. Helena Bomeny (presidente), Luiz Fernando Dias Duarte, Myriam Moraes Lins de Barros, Yvonne Maggie e Peter Fry.
Passado e presente em perspectiva: memória e anterioridade nas literaturas americanas
Authors: Moraes Luciano Passos
Published: May 2019

Resenha do livro A persistência da memória: romances da anterioridade e seus modos de transmissão intergeracional, de Zilá Bernd (2018). A obra traz um estudo acerca dos temas da memória, da anterioridade e da transmissão intergeracional, a partir da revisão de teorias relacionadas à memória e da análise de um corpus literário composto de obras brasileiras e canadenses selecionadas sob o viés das transferências culturais interamericanas.
EM BUSCA DE NOVOS DESIGNS PEDAGÓGICOS: ETNOGRAFIA E A CO-CONSTRUÇÃO DE REDES DE CONHECIMENTO EM UM CURSO DE FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DE LÍNGUA INGLESA / In search of new pedagogical designs: ethnography and the co-construction of knowledge networks in a language teaching education program
Authors: Saito Ricardo Toshihito
Published: May 2019

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar alguns movimentos rizomáticos produzidos por um professor outsider em ecologias sociais, culturais e educacionais outras. A desterritorialização desse professor ocorre no ano de 2018 quando ele é reterritorializado em um curso de formação de professores de línguas. A partir de algumas de suas leituras, realizadas por meio de olhares etnográficos em interação com sujeitos outros, inicia-se a co-construção de redes de conhecimento e novos designs pedagógicos com a finalidade de contemplar processos de Educação, Ensino e Aprendizagem de línguas e linguagens. Em um primeiro momento será discutida a abordagem ecológica da agência e a importância e o poder da etnografia em estudos culturais e sociais, por seu potencial em desestabilizar hierarquias de controle e poder diante de redes de conhecimento local co-construídas por sujeitos outros. Em seguida, serão descritos como alguns designs pedagógicos tem sido co-construídos, dentro e fora dos muros do campus universitário, na tentativa de realizar alguns movimentos de integração entre a universidade e a comunidade escolar, alguns professores e seus alunos, e docentes e discentes do curso de licenciatura em letras. Por fim, apontaremos alguns resultados, ainda que parciais, resultantes desses movimentos etnográficos e pedagógicos.  Espera-se, assim, que possamos compartilhar e refletir sobre as nossas práticas pedagógicas de maneira a atuarmos mais criticamente nas comunidades em que vivemos e com as quais compartilhamos as várias redes e espirais de conhecimento em co-construção com o outro.
Café nas Eleições: o amargo e o doce na gestão estratégica de uma cafeteria
Authors: Cruz Breno de Paula Andrade , Monteiro Renato Augusto da Silva
Published: May 2019

Esse caso verossímil à realidade política do Brasil na segunda década do século XXI aborda o impasse de um dos três sócios de uma cafeteria no Rio de Janeiro em relação a conflitos de outros dois sócios e seus posicionamentos políticos divergentes na cafeteria, influenciando o clima organizacional entre eles e o funcionário. A sociedade composta por Steven, João e Guilherme, iniciou-se com o aporte de capital de Steven, casado com Rosa - que é irmã e prima dos outros dois sócios. O conflito ideológico entre João e Guilherme se inflama e clientes também entram na discussão política na Café com Sonhos e se estende para as redes sociais virtuais por meio da hashtag #cafecomsonhosleme. Nas plataformas digitais foram identificados alguns problemas relacionados à imagem e reputação da cafeteria, bem como reclamações sobre a diminuição da qualidade dos produtos.  O fim da sociedade não é cogitado em função do alto investimento financeiro de Steven, e pelo fato de João e Guilherme terem na cafeteria suas rendas fixas mensais.
Internacionalização das Universidades Brasileiras - Contribuições do Programa Ciência sem Fronteiras
Authors: Prolo Ivor , Vieira Rosilene Carla , Lima Manolita Correia , Leal Fernanda Geremias
Published: May 2019

A crítica ao Ciência sem Fronteiras (CsF) - a maior estratégia governamental de internacionalização na história do ensino superior brasileiro - resultou no interesse em pesquisar as realizações desse programa. Este artigo aborda as contribuições que o CsF tem feito para solidificar a internacionalização nas universidades brasileiras. Para isso, analisa a lógica subjacente à concepção e implementação do programa, seus resultados e, particularmente, sua expansão no nível institucional. A investigação assumiu caráter qualitativo, de natureza exploratória, combinando recursos bibliográficos e documentais por meio da análise temática de conteúdo. Os resultados revelam que o CsF potencializou a exposição das universidades brasileiras no ambiente internacional; favoreceu a criação de parcerias e redes acadêmicas internacionais; influenciou na definição do modelo de internacionalização do Ensino Superior desejado pelo Governo brasileiro. Na medida em que contribuiu para uma curva de aprendizagem e influiu sobre a decisão de se avançar em um processo de internacionalização mais amplo e orgânico, ampliou as condições que criam um ambiente internacional no interior das universidades brasileiras.
SmartPLS 3: especificação, estimação, avaliação e relato
Authors: Bido Diógenes de Souza , Da Silva Dirceu
Published: May 2019

A modelagem de equações estruturais com estimação por mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS-SEM) tem sido empregada nas mais variadas áreas de pesquisa, aumentando a quantidade de artigos publicados com o uso desse método de modo exponencial. Há vários motivos para que isso esteja ocorrendo, mas um deles é o fato do software SmartPLS ter facilitado o uso do PLS-SEM. Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar sete exemplos didáticos com conjuntos de dados reais e disponíveis àqueles que queiram aprender ou ensinar PLS-SEM, tratando de temas como: avaliação do modelo de mensuração, avaliação do modelo estrutural, multicolinearidade, variável latente de segunda ordem, mediação, moderação com variável numérica e categórica (MGA – multi-group analysis).
Mortality for emergency laparotomy is not affected by the weekend effect: a multicentre study
Authors: Nageswaran H , Rajalingam V , Sharma A , Joseph AO , Davies M , Jones H , Evans M
Published: May 2019

Introduction

The ‘weekend effect’ describes variation in outcomes of patients treated over the weekend compared with those treated during weekdays. This study examines whether a weekend effect exists for patients who undergo emergency laparotomy.

Materials and methods

Data entered into the National Emergency Laparotomy Audit between 2014 and 2017 at four NHS trusts in England and Wales were analysed. Patients were grouped into those admitted on weekdays and those on weekends (Friday 5pm to Monday 8am). Patient factors, markers of quality of care and patient outcomes were compared. Secondary analysis was performed according to the day of surgery.

Results

After exclusion of patients who underwent laparotomy more than one week after admission to hospital, a total of 1717 patients (1138 patients admitted on weekdays and 579 admitted on weekends) were analysed. Age, preoperative lactate and P-POSSUM scores were not significantly different between the two groups. Time from admission to consultant review, decision to operate, commencement of antibiotics and theatre were not significantly different. Grades of operating surgeon were also similar in both groups. Inpatient 60-day mortality was 12.5% on weekdays and 12.8% on weekends (P = 0.878). Median length of postoperative stay was 12 days in both groups. When analysed according to day of surgery, only number of hours from admission to antibiotics (12.8 weekday vs 9.4 weekend, P = 0.046) and number of hours to theatre (26.5 weekday vs 24.1 hours weekend, P = 0.020) were significantly different.

Discussion

Quality of care and clinical outcomes for patients undergoing emergency laparotomy during the weekend are not significantly different to those carried out during weekdays.
Levantamento epidemiológico de CPO-D em escolares de 12 anos do município de Pedra Branca, Ceará
Authors: Silva Cosmo Helder Ferreira da , Lima Heron Teixeira , Benedito Francisco Cezanildo Silva , Rodrigues Juliana Costa , Joaquim Davide Carlos , Leite Ana Caroline Rocha de Melo
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo relatar a experiência vivenciada por mestrandos na prática do tirocínio docência, na graduação de Odontologia, no componente curricular Bioestatística e Epidemiologia. O tirocínio foi realizado por três mestrandos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, para uma turma do segundo semestre do curso de Odontologia, da referida instituição, sob a supervisão de um professor orientador. Foi desenvolvido mediante leitura do plano de ensino do componente curricular; organização da proposta de cronograma do mesmo; elaboração de planos de aula; observação, participação e apresentação das aulas teóricas e práticas; além de elaboração e correção das atividades avaliativas. A experiência da prática pedagógica possibilitou o compartilhamento e a troca de conhecimentos entre os alunos, mestrandos e o professor da disciplina, que contribuíram para o aprendizado, aperfeiçoamento e superação de desafios do processo de ensino-aprendizagem. O tirocínio docência assume, portanto, um papel de grande relevância na formação do pós-graduando, sendo considerado indispensável nesse processo, visto que, é através desta atividade que o conhecimento teórico se consolida na prática, auxiliando na superação de possíveis dificuldades relacionadas à prática docente, colaborando significativamente para a formação de um docente do ensino superior de qualidade.
Bionomic Aspects of the Solitary Bee Tetrapedia diversipes Klug, 1810 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Tetrapediini)
Authors: Cavalcante Arianne Moreira , Silva Cláudia Inês da , Gomes Angela Maria da Silva , Pinto Gercy Soares , Bomfim Isac Gabriel Abrahão , Freitas Breno Magalhães
Published: May 2019

The study aimed to describe bionomic aspects of Tetrapedia diversipes Klug, 1810 in order to allow the conservation or breeding of these bees. The nesting biology was studied using trap nests made with cardboard-paper tubes and plastic straws during the period between December 2014 and September 2015, in the Bee Unit of the Federal University of Ceará, Brazil. A total of 135 nests were obtained with 593 brood cells, from which emerged 448 adults and individuals of two parasitic species. The proportion of females (n = 297) was higher than that of males (n = 151) resulting in a sex ratio of 1.97:1. The total mortality in the nests was 24.45% and the majority of deaths recorded occurred at the pupal stage (33.1%). During their reproductive life, females of this bee species were able to construct up to 16 brood cells. The trap-nests removal and transfer to the laboratory shortly after finished by the bees reduced the attack of natural enemies.
Floral Origin and Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Honey from Africanized Bees in Apiaries of Ubiratã and Nova Aurora, State of Paraná
Authors: Sekine Elizabete Satsuki , Takashiba Eliza H. , Bueno Raquel Oliveira , Bueno Paulo Agenor Alves , Caxambu Marcelo G. , Sereia Maria Josiane , Marchini Luís C. , Moreti Augusta Carolina C.C. , Toledo Vagner A.A.
Published: May 2019

Physical and chemical characteristics of honey may vary due to the diversity of flora and soil characteristics, or seasonal factors. This study was carried out in two counties, Nova Aurora and Ubiratã, located in the West and Center-West regions of the State of Paraná. The objective of the study was to verify if the physical and chemical parameters of Apis mellifera (L.) honey are in accordance with the national standard, as well as to verify how the 21 samples collected in the two localities are grouped, based on the physical, chemical and pollen characteristics. Honey was analyzed for sugar, ash, protein, moisture, color, electrical conductivity, formaldehyde index, diastase and viscosity. Samples of honey containing the dominant pollen types Glycine max (L.) Merr. and Eucalyptus sp. formed groupings similar to those based on physical and chemical characteristics, however, the multivariate classification of honey samples in groups based on pollen types was not an efficient method to group samples of polyfloral honey.
A Scientific Note on a Stingless Bee Hive Model for Ecological and Behavioral Studies and for Environmental Education
Authors: Barbieri Celso , Pinheiro Gerson Luiz , Drago Paula Marques , Francoy Tiago Maurício
Published: May 2019

Stingless bees (Apidae; Meliponini) occupy a great diversity of habitats in tropical and subtropical regions. They are eusocial and live in sessile colonies. Most meliponini species build nests in pre-existing cavities, such as tree hollows and stingless bee hive models imitate the conditions of natural nests. However, they are unwieldy for scientific studies, especially those focused on ecological and behavioral characteristics. We developed and tested a hive model that ensures clear visibility of the interior of the hive and facilitates ecological and behavioral studies and for environmental education. It successfully housed ten stingless bee species and one semi-social orchid bee species.
Foraging Activity of Xylocopa cearensis (Ducke) in Sand Dune Landscape
Authors: Silva Fabiana Oliveira da , Viana Blandina Felipe , Bôscolo Danilo , Santos R. L.
Published: May 2019

Bees foraging strategy is affected by the distribution and abundance of flower resources, mainly nectar and pollen. Homing-time of female Xylocopa cearensis (Ducke) bees to their nests was assessed through a simple translocation method. The hypothesis addressed was that resource distribution in the landscape level influences bee homing time. The study area comprises about 300ha in a sand dune field with patchy shrubs in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The mean homing time after translocation was 60 min (sd = 4.36 min; n= 03), except for one bee that did not returned. The translocation technique was successfully applied to large solitary bees, since they do return to their own nest and can be easily recognized when arriving. Also, bees returned carrying pollen, what suggests foraging activity after translocations. Results evidence landscape functional connectivity since bees were able to move through local habitats. Further studies should address movement cost tradeoffs and its consequences on bee diversity conservation.
Is the social wasp fauna in the tree canopy different from the understory? Study of a particular area in the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest
Authors: Somavilla Alexandre , Moraes Junior Raimundo Nonato Martins de , Rafael José Albertino
Published: May 2019

Most studies about the insect community in rainforests only focus on the forest understory, and even though the rainforest canopy is one of the most fascinating and diverse environments, it remains poorly explored. Therefore, we analyzed the difference between the social wasp composition in these two strata at the ZF-2 Station in the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest, using flight interception traps (Malaise model Gressi and Gressi), in the rainforest understory and canopy. We collected ninety-two species belonging to 18 genera; Polybia was the richest genera (22 species), followed by Mischocyttarus (14) and Agelaia (13). Forty-four species were exclusively collected in the understory, twenty exclusively collected in the canopy, and twenty-eight in both strata. The understory was distinctly more diverse and more abundant than the canopy, while some rare or poorly collected species were only found in the canopy. We found a strong relationship between the species composition at the ZF-2 Station and the Ducke Reserve. Therefore, we suggest using traps in canopy in the Amazon biome as an effective method for collecting a higher diversity of social wasps.
The Queen of the Paper Wasp Polistes jokahamae (Vespidae: Polistinae) Is Not Aggressive but Maintains Her Reproductive Priority
Authors: Yoshimura Hideto , Yamada Junichi , Yamada Yoshihiro Y
Published: May 2019

The behaviors performed on the nest by the foundress queen and workers of the paper wasp Polistes jokahamae were observed in three colonies in the field and one colony in a cage set in the field. Each queen was rarely ranked top in the dominance hierarchy determined by the pairwise dominance–subordinate interactions and did not display more frequent direct aggression toward the top-ranked worker than toward other workers. Furthermore, the queen exhibited aggression less frequently than did the most aggressive workers in all four colonies. The dominance order among the workers was positively correlated with the emergence order, with older workers being more dominant. The queen laid eggs in a dominant or monopolized way; some dominant workers laid eggs in three colonies. These observations suggest that the queen maintained her queen status, including her reproductive priority, using signals rather than aggression. Lateral vibrations (rapidly laterally vibrating the abdomen) and abdominal rubbing (rubbing the abdomen onto the comb) appeared to be candidate signals of the fertility or reproductive potential of the performer. Lateral vibrations were performed only by the queen, and their frequency was positively correlated with the frequency of ovipositing. The queen and some dominant workers performed abdominal rubbing; the frequency was higher for the queen than for any of the dominant workers early in the colony’s development, but not later. Although performers of abdominal rubbing were more likely to lay eggs than non-performers, the frequency of abdominal rubbing was not a predictor of the frequency of ovipositing.
Richness of Lichens Consumed by Constrictotermes cyphergaster in the Semi-arid Region of Brazil
Authors: Barbosa-Silva Ana Márcia , Silva Amanda Cosme da , Pereira Eugênia Cristina Gonçalves , Buril Maria de Lourdes Lacerda , Silva Nicácio Henrique Da , Cáceres Marcela Eugenia Da Silva , Aptroot André , Bezerra-Gusmão Maria Avany
Published: May 2019

The consumption of lichens by Constrictotermes cyphergaster termites is suggested in the literature, but not yet with concrete evidence. We examined the use and richness of lichens consumed by C. cyphergaster during both the dry and rainy seasons in a semiarid environment in northeastern Brazil by monitoring the foraging of five termite colonies for ten consecutive days during each period. Twenty-nine species of corticolous lichens were consumed by C. cyphergaster, with seasonal variations in the richness of their ingestion. Chrysothrix xanthine, Pertusaria flavens, and Dirinaria confluens were the lichen species most consumed. TLC analyzes of termite gut contents revealed twelve secondary lichen compounds ingested in both seasons, while staining showed fragments of fungal hyphae, green algae, and typical lichen spores. This study represents the first systematic survey of the abundances of lichens that compose the diet of C. cyphergaster and indicates the seasonal selectivity of that resource related to the chemical compositions of the lichen stalks.
Health Beliefs, Stages of Change and Smoking Behaviour in Portuguese College Students
Authors: Pimenta Filipa , Leal Isabel , Maroco João
Published: May 2019

The aim of this cross-sectional study is to explore, in a sample of 380 college students, if there are any differences between regular, occasional and ex-smokers regarding health value, perceived health competence and self-efficacy to refrain from smoking. Stages of change are also assessed according to the transtheoretical model. There were no significant differences between groups regarding the health value. However, perceived health competence and self-efficacy (to refrain from smoking) were significantly different for the different smoking status and several stages of change. These findings provide new insights into how college student's health-related perceptions relate to smoking behaviour, which may help in the elaboration of smoking cessation interventions for this population.
Re-creating community spaces and practices: Perspectives from artists and funders of creative placemaking
Authors: Madsen Wendy
Published: May 2019

Creative placemaking occurs in various forms. In this article, four creative placemaking events are evaluated in a single case study from the perspectives of artists and funders to ascertain their understanding of creative placemaking and the contributions that these events make to the community. Situated within critical realism and realist evaluation frameworks, this case study included interviews with five artists and five funders. Three themes were identified from the findings: mechanisms for achieving more inclusive communities; mechanisms for re-creating spaces; and creative contributions now and beyond. Together these were developed into a middle-range theory that suggests that collaboration, connectivity, creating space and altruism can be potential mechanisms leading to a stronger sense of belonging, social cohesion and inclusion. However, the context in which these mechanisms take place plays a substantive role in inhibiting or facilitating these processes.
The 4P participatory arts recovery model: Peers, product, personhood and positive interaction
Authors: Fletcher Andrew , Simon Simon , Carr Susan M.
Published: May 2019

Using empirical evidence from a realist evaluation of music-based well-being interventions, we developed a recovery-focussed model for people with mental health issues. Arts-based approaches for mental health are used internationally and the concepts described here can be understood globally, allowing for cultural variations. Our model draws on ideas of product, personhood, positive interaction and peers (4P) to increase well-being and promote recovery through participatory creative activity. This article describes the original study and the model itself. Drawing from McCaffrey’s work on music therapy and recovery (2011), and Leamy’s CHIME recovery model (2011), our framework can be used to potentiate recovery for people experiencing a range of challenging circumstances. We expect this empirically-based music-centred model to contribute to an ecosystem of recovery approaches.
Using theatre for development to engage boys in examining masculinity and HIV in two Malawi schools
Authors: Chisiza Zindaba
Published: May 2019

This article is based on an arts-based doctoral research project entitled: ‘Deadly Masculinities: Towards a Theatrical Toolbox for Exploring Identity and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) with Young Malawian Men’. Through workshop and performance vignettes it explores how participatory theatre methods were used to engage two groups of male students in critical discussion about masculinity, HIV and abusive behaviours. It seeks to highlight the challenges that arise when using participatory theatre methods within HIV interventions that aim to help men in challenging deeply accepted masculine behaviours, which perpetuate infection and unequal relations in sexual matters. It argues that participatory theatre alongside dialogic discussion, as opposed to information-based theatre, has real potential to engage boys in critical dialogue about gender identity, HIV risk and to help them consider equitable behaviours and attitudes.
O pertencimento. Para uma ontologia geográfica
Authors: Barbara Renaud
Published: May 2019

Por mais que seja um tema central da fenomenologia, a questão do corpo não foi tratada, até agora, de uma maneira satisfatória. A dificuldade vem do fato de que o corpo é uma resposta muito mais do que uma pergunta, resposta a um problema que nunca foi colocado e cujo tratamento é a única maneira de acceder ao sentido de ser desse corpo. Este problema é o do pertencimento. O que pode significar, de uma maneira mínima e com todo o rigor, ter (ou ser) um corpo senão pertencer ao mundo? O pertencimento define o modo de ser originário do corpo. Portanto, é preciso inverter os termos do problema e parar de julgar como sendo óbvio o fato de que pertenço ao mundo porque tenho um corpo. Na realidade, não é por termos um corpo que pertencemos ao mundo mas, pelo contrário, é na medida em que pertencemos ao mundo que temos um corpo. Trata‑se aqui de tentar aprofundar o sentido desse pertencimento e desenvolver algumas consequências desse novo ponto de partida.
In Silico Inhibition of Essential Candida albicans Proteins by Arenicin, a Marine Antifungal Peptide
Authors: Silva Lívia do Carmo , Barbosa Andreia Marcelino , Tannous Isabele Pereira , Santos Thaynara Gonzaga , Curcio Juliana Santana de , Oliveira Lucas Nojosa , Silva Marielle Garcia , Oliveira Amanda Alves de , Lima Raisa Melo , Silva Kleber Santiago Freitas e
Published: May 2019

Fungal infections increased substantially in the last years, becoming a relevant public health problem. Many of these infections account for high rates of morbidity and mortality. The emergence of resistant fungal clinical isolates have also motivate studies to find new antifungal therapies. Candida albicans is an oportunistic pathogen and affects a great number of immunocompromised patients worldwide. The marine ecosystem has been considered a rich source of bioactive metabolites due to the complexity and originality of its structures. Proteins and peptides from marine organisms have been shown to have antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, anticancer, antimicrobial and antifungal properties. Arenicins are antimicrobial peptides isolated from the marine lugworm Arenicola marina with 21 amino acid residues in a β-hairpin structure. Dihydrofolate reductase, exo-b-(1,3)-glucanase and sterol 14α-demethylase are essential C. albincas enzymes that take part in DNA, cell wall and membrane metabolism, respectively. The present study evaluates the interaction of arenicin with important enzymes of C. albicans related to cell wall, ergosterol and DNA metabolism in order to elucidate possible molecular targets. We showed through an in silico approach, that a single compound from a marine worm (A. marina), can bind to three C. albicans essential proteins. The interaction occurs in regions inside the active site or at least near, with amino acid residues evaluated as hot spots. Arenicin is a new promising antifugal drug. The next step is to investigate protein-protein interactions performed by DHFR, EBG and CYP51 and assess whether arenicin is able to disrupt essential interaction or not.
Numéro 30 - juin 2005
Authors: De Vroey Michel , Malgrange Pierre
Published: May 2019

Dans ce numéro de Regards économiques, nous retraçons l’histoire de la macroéconomie, de son émergence dans la foulée de la Théorie Générale de Keynes à son état présent et mettons en avant la “révolution scientifique” qui s’y est manifestée dans les années 1980.
Numéro 39 - mars 2006
Authors: Aktas Nihat , De Bodt Eric , De Callataÿ Etienne , A. Tesolin Giorgio
Published: May 2019

L’objectif de ce numéro spécial de Regards économiques est de mettre en perspective les mouvements de fusions et acquisitions (F&A) qui alimentent l’actualité économique récente. Deux articles y sont consacrés. Le premier article, préparé par Nihat Aktas, Eric de Bodt et Giorgio A. Tesolin, s’intitule "Belle saison pour le marché des fusions et acquisitions…" et est résumé dans la suite de ce communiqué. Afin de mieux comprendre l’engouement actuel pour les F&A, cet article propose des outils conceptuels et une réflexion à partir des dernières recherches scientifiques en la matière. Les auteurs terminent leur réflexion en présentant les forces qui semblent être en jeu dans les F&A en cours de réalisation. Le seconde article, préparé par Etienne de Callataÿ, s’intitule quant à lui "La fièvre contagieuse des fusions et acquisitions". L’objet de cette brève contribution d’un "praticien" de la finance est de compléter celle de N. Aktas, E. de Bodt et G. Tesolin en cherchant à expliquer pourquoi nous assistons aujourd’hui à un net regain des F&A en Europe. Les facteurs explicatifs relèvent de quatre ordres : la situation financière des entreprises, l’environnement économique, les dispositifs légaux et les valorisations de marché.
Numéro 54 - septembre 2007
Authors: Gérard Marcel , Vandenberghe Vincent
Published: May 2019

L'intégration européenne engendre une mobilité asymétrique des étudiants, à l’image du cas emblématique de ces nombreux étudiants français inscrits dans l’enseignement supérieur paramédical en Communauté française. Cette mobilité ébranle le modèle actuel de financement public de l’enseignement supérieur en Communauté française et ailleurs en Europe.

Si la présence de quelques étudiants en provenance de l’étranger est sans conséquences et comporte peu d’enjeux, leur afflux génère des stratégies protectionnistes, tels que des quotas. Compréhensibles du point de vue des responsables locaux, c’est-à-dire nationaux, régionaux ou communautaires, ces stratégies ne sont pas pour autant optimales. Elles peuvent conduire à une réduction de la mobilité intra-européenne et des bénéfices que l’on en attend. Ces réponses protectionnistes entravent aussi la constitution de pôles européens de l’enseignement supérieur, recrutant au-delà des frontières régionales et nationales. L'afflux d'étudiants étrangers chez nous suggère que l'ensemble Wallonie-Bruxelles dispose peut-être d’un avantage comparatif au niveau des industries de la connaissance, pouvant conduire à la création de nombreux emplois de qualité. Toute séduisante qu’elle soit, cette perspective reste totalement illusoire dans un système de quotas !

Des alternatives aux quotas, plus efficaces et plus équitables, existent cependant. Elles n’impliquent ni le recours à un financement par l’impôt européen ni à une augmentation de la contribution privée au coût des études. Plus simplement, il s’agit de réorienter les budgets publics actuellement consacrés à l’enseignement supérieur : plutôt que de financer les institutions d’enseignement supérieur situées sur leur territoire, les pouvoirs publics devraient financer les frais d’études de leurs ressortissants via des chèques-études. Ces chèques pourraient être utilisés dans toute institution d’enseignement reconnue par la Communauté française située ou non sur son territoire. En dehors de son territoire, il pourrait s’agir d’institutions reconnues par les juridictions partenaires ou bénéficiant de labels internationaux bien établis. L’apparition de droits d’inscription proportionnels au coût réel des études serait automatiquement compensée par la réception d’un chèque d’un montant équivalent, émis par les pouvoirs publics. De façon symétrique les étudiants français, grecs, luxembourgeois… viendraient se former chez nous, mais aux frais de leurs ressources. Ils paieraient un prix en lien avec le coût réel des études et bénéficieraient éventuellement d’un chèque de leur gouvernement qui, en même temps qu’il les financerait, en tout ou en partie, signalerait la qualité de ces études en Belgique francophone.
Numéro 70 - mai 2009
Authors: Maniquet François
Published: May 2019

La question traitée dans ce numéro de Regards économiques est celle-ci : comment, concrètement, assigner tel élève à telle école, étant donné que 1) les parents souhaitent pouvoir inscrire leurs enfants dans les écoles qui leur semblent les meilleures pour leurs enfants, 2) le pouvoir public a un objectif de mixité sociale dans les classes, et 3) les écoles ont des spécificités, des objectifs propres, qu'il convient d'essayer de respecter.

Même s'il est évident que les objectifs des parents, du pouvoir public et des écoles peuvent entrer en conflit, nous proposons dans cet article deux solutions concrètes au problème du choix d'école. Ces solutions concrètes, bien connues de la littérature et appliquées dans quelques pays, sont justifiées par des valeurs éthiques. Les deux solutions sont basées sur des procédures centralisées. Chaque procédure exige que chaque famille remette un classement ordonné des différentes écoles dans lesquelles elle souhaite voir son enfant admis. La liberté de choix des parents est donc au cœur de ces solutions, de sorte que le vote d’un nouveau décret rend possible (et même souhaitable) l'application d'une de ces deux procédures. Chaque procédure, en outre, exige que des ordres de priorités d'élèves soient établis au niveau de chaque école. C'est à ce niveau que doit se matérialiser le compromis entre la volonté politique de mixité sociale et les objectifs pédagogiques des écoles.

Si les ordres de priorité d’élèves ne visent pas la mixité sociale, alors les priorités classiques liées notamment à la présence de frères ou sœurs dans l'école doivent être complétées par un système de loterie. Si, au contraire, ceux-ci visent une certaine mixité sociale dans les classes, alors il convient d'énoncer des principes clairs, et de les faire connaître. Il faut se rendre compte qu'en fonction des préférences des familles, de tels ordres de priorités destinés à bouleverser l'équilibre actuel des populations scolaires peuvent avoir des conséquences considérables sur ces populations, et donc sur l'effort pédagogique des enseignants, qui devront s'adapter à un public nouveau. Cela justifie d'une part que les écoles soient associées à l'élaboration de ces ordres de priorités, et d'autre part que le changement se fasse lentement et dans la douceur. Trop de réformes dans notre système scolaire se sont heurtées à des difficultés liées d'une façon ou d'une autre au manque de concertation du corps enseignant et des directeurs d'école. Pourquoi même ne pas penser à une période d'expérimentation, où l'une ou l'autre sous-région servirait de région test, ce qui permettrait d'évaluer les réformes avant de, peut-être, les généraliser à l'ensemble de la Communauté ?
Numéro 76 - janvier 2010
Authors: Bodart Vincent , Carpantier Jean-François , Latzer Hélène , Legros Guy , Scourneau Vincent , Thiry Géraldine
Published: May 2019

Les indicateurs économiques indiquant une reprise économique plus vive que prévu il y a quelques mois, notre prévision de croissance de l’économie belge en 2010 a été révisée en hausse, à 1,5 %, contre 0,7 % dans notre projection d’octobre. Le raffermissement attendu de l’activité économique ne sera cependant pas suffisamment fort à court terme pour empêcher que la situation du marché du travail continue à se détériorer en 2010.
Numéro 78 - mars 2010
Authors: Wibaut Serge
Published: May 2019

La récente crise financière et économique a mis en exergue les lacunes des modèles utilisés par les banques centrales et les institutions financières commerciales. Cet article met en lumière les défaillances de ces modèles et propose quelques pistes, basées sur la littérature récente, pouvant déboucher sur une meilleure représentation du monde macro-monétaire et financier.
Numéro 97 - juillet 2012
Authors: Bodart Vincent , Carpantier Jean-François , Lutgen Vanessa , Machado Joël , Smith Catherine
Published: May 2019

Il y a trois mois, en présentant nos prévisions économiques trimestrielles pour 2012, nous soulignions avec un certain optimisme l’amélioration des conditions conjoncturelles constatée au 1er trimestre tant en Belgique qu’au niveau international. Aujourd’hui, ces améliorations semblent sérieusement remises en question et le processus de reprise économique au niveau mondial semble à nouveau s’enrayer. La croissance américaine apparaît à nouveau fragile, l’activité ralentit dans les pays émergents tandis que les problèmes de la dette souveraine et du secteur bancaire dans la zone euro suscitent à nouveau de vives inquiétudes qui font craindre que l’économie mondiale soit confrontée prochainement à une nouvelle crise de confiance comme celle qui avait éclaté l’an passé plus ou moins à la même époque. Dans ce contexte, même en supposant que les pouvoirs publics parviendront à endiguer la crise financière qui secoue la zone euro, les évolutions économiques attendues sur la période de projection restent modestes. Ainsi, en Belgique, la croissance du PIB serait limitée à 0,4 % en 2012 et 1,2 % en 2013.
Numéro 121 - janvier 2016
Authors: Attanasi Gautier , Bagdziunas Rytis , Bodart Vincent , Fontenay Sébastien , Lutgen Vanessa , Ounnas Alexandre
Published: May 2019

Bien que la croissance de l’économie belge se soit quelque peu tassée durant la seconde partie de 2015, les perspectives de croissance pour 2016 restent favorables. Après plusieurs mois de faiblesse, la con­fiance des ménages et des entreprises s’est en effet nettement redressée sur la fin de 2015. La déprécia­tion de la monnaie européenne, la baisse des prix du pétrole et la persistance de conditions monétaires très accommodantes devraient également soutenir l’expansion de l’économie belge en 2016. Par ail­leurs, l’économie américaine reste solide et le redressement économique de la zone euro tend à se con­solider. En raison du ralentissement de la croissance économique des pays émergents, la croissance de l’économie belge devrait cependant rester modérée (1,5 %) en 2016. L’évolution future de l’activité économique reste également entourée d’une forte incertitude.
Numéro 129 - janvier 2017
Authors: Attanasi Gautier , Bodart Vincent , Courtoy François , De Montpellier Charlotte , Fontenay Sébastien , Ounnas Alexandre
Published: May 2019

La croissance économique de la Belgique devrait être un peu plus soutenue en 2017 qu’elle ne l’a été en 2016. Les exportations devraient en effet profiter d’un environnement économique international qui redevient progressivement mieux orienté tandis que la demande intérieure devrait être soutenue par la bonne tenue de la situation du marché du travail et par un regain de confiance des entreprises et des ménages. La situation économique de la Belgique reste néanmoins fragile et soumise à de nombreux aléas. Pour cette raison, la croissance resterait modeste en 2017, à 1,5 %.
Numéro 136 - janvier 2018
Authors: Attanasi Gautier , Bodart Vincent , Courtoy François , De Montpellier Charlotte , Fontenay Sébastien , Ounnas Alexandre
Published: May 2019

La croissance de l’économie belge devrait être un peu plus soutenue en 2018 qu’elle ne l’a été en 2017. Alors que les exportations devraient être dynamiques grâce au renforcement de l’économie mondiale, la demande intérieure serait quant à elle soutenue par la bonne tenue du marché du travail et l’orientation favorable de la confiance des ménages et des entreprises. En hausse de 1,7 % en 2017, l’activité économique belge progresserait de 1,9 % en 2018.
Pestisida Organoklorin dalam Sedimen di Muara Sungai Upang, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Ariana Ria , Diansyah Gusti , Putri Wike Ayu Eka
Published: May 2019

Pestisida adalah substansi kimia yang bersifat akumulatif dalam sedimen. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui jenis dan konsentrasi pestisida organoklorin yang terakumulasi di sedimen Muara Sungai Upang. Pengambilan sampel dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2017 di Sungai Upang hingga ke muara. Analisis sampel menggunakan metode Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Hasil penelitian menemukan pestisida organoklorin terakumulasi di dua stasiun yaitu stasiun 2 dan stasiun 5. Jenis pestisida organoklorin yang ditemukan adalah Endrin dengan konsentrasi 0,35 ppb pada stasiun 2 dan 0,41 ppb pada stasiun 5. Konsentrasi endrin yang ditemukan pada kedua stasiun tersebut telah melewati batas mutu yang diperkenankan (0,0624 ppb). Pesticides are chemical substancepotentially accumulated in sediment. The purpose of this study was to determine the type and concentration of organochlorine pesticides which are accumulated in the sediments Upang Estuary. Sampling was conducted in September 2017 along Upang River to estuary. Analysis of pesticides using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. The result of the research was obtained that organochlorine pesticides accumulated in station 2 and station 5. Type of organochlorine pesticides found was Endrin of  0.35 ppb in station 2 and 0.41 ppb in station 5. Endrin concentration found at both stations has passed the quality threshold (0.0624 ppb).
DASH
Authors: Won Youjip , Kim Sundoo , Yun Juseong , Tuan Dam Quang , Seo Jiwon
Published: May 2019

In this work, we propose
Database Shadowing,
or
DASH,
which is a new crash recovery technique for SQLite DBMS. DASH is a hybrid mixture of classical shadow paging and logging. DASH addresses four major issues in the current SQLite journal modes: the performance and write amplification issues of the rollback mode and the storage space requirement and tail latency issues of the WAL mode. DASH exploits two unique characteristics of SQLite: the database files are small and the transactions are entirely serialized. DASH consists of three key ingredients
Aggregate Update, Atomic Exchange
and
Version Reset.
Aggregate Update eliminates the redundant write overhead and the requirement to maintain multiple snapshots both of which are inherent in the out-of-place update. Atomic Exchange resolves the overhead of updating the locations of individual database pages exploiting order-preserving nature of the metadata update operation in modern filesystem. Version Reset makes the result of the Atomic Exchange durable without relying on expensive filesystem journaling. The salient aspect of DASH lies in its simplicity and compatibility with the legacy. DASH does not require any modifications in the underlying filesystem or the database organization. It requires only 451 LOC to implement. In Cyclomatic Complexity score, which represents software complexity, DASH renders 33% lower (simpler) mark than PERSIST and WAL modes of SQLite. We implement DASH for SQLite on Android and extensively evaluate it on widely used smartphone devices. DASH yields 4x performance gain over PERSIST mode (default journaling mode). Compared to WAL mode (the fastest journaling mode), DASH uses only 2.5% of the storage space on average. The transaction latency of DASH at 99.9% is one fourth of that of WAL mode.
Biofilm formation in bovine mastitis pathogens and the effect on them of antimicrobial drugs
Authors: Horiuk Yulia , Kukhtyn Mykola , Kovalenko Vyacheslav , Kornienko Leonid , Horiuk Victor , Liniichuk Nataliia
Published: May 2019

The ability of bacteria to produce a biofilm is considered an important virulent property in pathogenesis of mastitis. The purpose of studies is to investigate the ability to form biofilms, their density, to determine and compare the sensitivity to antibacterial drugs of planktonic and biofilm forms of the main bovine mastitis pathogens on dairy farms of the Western region of Ukraine.Diagnosis of bovine mastitis, selection of milk samples and secretions of the mammary gland, microbiological studies were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. The performed studies have established that among pathogens, both acute and chronic forms of mastitis, the most productive film-forming ability had S. aureus strains, which on average 1.5 times more often formed the biofilm than Str. agalactiae and Str. dysgalactiae strains. It was revealed that S. aureus strains, isolated from cows under the subclinical form of mastitis and at carriage, 2.0 times (p <0.05) more often formed biofilms than in the clinical form of mastitis. The highest sensitivity of planktonic bacteria to pathogens of mastitis of streptococci and staphylococci was to ceftriaxone and doxycycline (100-80.9%). The least susceptible streptococci and staphylococci were to benzylpenicillin 32.3-45.4%, and the susceptibility of S. aureus strains was 19.0%.When determining the influence of antibiotics on biofilm forms of bacteria found that cells in the biofilm are more resistant to antibacterial drugs. It was found that antibiotic enrofloxacin completely inactivated streptococci and staphylococci in biofilms. Also, antibiotics ceftriaxone and doxycycline were also effective on bacteria in biofilms. At the same time, under the action of antibiotics penicillins, aminoglycosides and macrolides, the amount of microbial cells that survived in a biofilm was about lg 5.3 CFU/cm2 of area. Consequently, studies have shown that it is necessary to seek effective methods and develop new drugs that would influence the bacteria in biofilms to effectively treat bovine mastitis.