bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Near‐infrared imaging for the assessment of anastomotic patency, thrombosis, and reperfusion in microsurgery: A pilot study in a porcine model
Authors: Vargas Christina R. , Nguyen John T. , Ashitate Yoshitomo , Silvestre Jason , Venugopal Vivek , Neacsu Florin , Kettenring Frank , Frangioni John V. , Gioux Sylvain , Lee Bernard T.
Published: January 2015

Background

Advances in microsurgical techniques have increased the use of free tissue transfer. Methods of intraoperative flap perfusion assessment, however, still rely primarily on subjective evaluation of traditional clinical parameters. Anastomotic thrombosis, if not expeditiously identified and revised, can result in flap loss with significant associated morbidity. This study aims to evaluate the use of near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging in the assessment of microsurgical anastomotic patency, thrombosis, and vascular revision.

Materials and Methods

A model of pedicle thrombosis was created using bilateral abdominal flaps isolated on deep superior epigastric vascular pedicles in four Yorkshire pigs. Following flap elevation, microvascular arterial and venous anastomoses were performed unilaterally, preserving an intact contralateral control flap. Thrombosis was induced at the arterial anastomosis site using ferric chloride, and both flaps imaged using NIR fluorescence angiography. The thrombosed vascular segments were subsequently excised and new anastomoses performed to restore flow. Follow‐up imaging of both flaps was then obtained to confirm patency using fluorescence imaging technology.

Results

Pedicled abdominal flaps were created and successful anastomotic thrombosis was induced unilaterally in each pig. Fluorescence imaging technology identified large decreases in tissue perfusion of the thrombosed flap within 2 minutes. After successful revision anastomosis, NIR imaging demonstrated dramatic increase in flow to the reconstructed flap, but intensity did not return to pre‐thrombosis levels.

Conclusions

Early identification of anastomotic thrombosis is important in successful free tissue transfer. Real‐time, intraoperative evaluation of flap perfusion, anastomotic thrombosis, and successful revision can be performed using NIR fluorescence imaging. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:309–314, 2015.
Dairy nutrients and their effect on inflammatory profile in molecular studies
Authors: Da Silva Marine S. , Rudkowska Iwona
Published: January 2015

Dairy products contain milk fat, proteins, minerals, vitamin D, and other bioactive nutrients that have the potential to contribute to the association observed between increased dairy intake and a decreased risk of inflammation. The objective of this paper is to review the role of dairy bioactive molecules including dairy fat, proteins, micronutrients, and vitamins on inflammation markers in adipose, macrophage, and vascular tissues, which play a key role in the regulation of inflammation. A review was conducted to identify current scientific literature on dairy nutrients and inflammation in cell studies published until November 2014. The majority of saturated fatty acids (FAs) activate proinflammatory markers. Therefore, other dairy FAs or components may offset these harmful effects. Protein and amino acid composition of dairy products may have anti‐inflammatory action. Magnesium may have beneficial effects on inflammatory profile; on the contrary, studies on vitamin D demonstrate conflicting results. In conclusion, numerous studies assessed the effects of individual or mixtures of FAs on inflammatory markers; yet, there is far less research on the effects of other dairy bioactive nutrients. The exact bioactive molecule or combination of these molecules in dairy products, which underlies the inverse association between dairy intake and inflammation remains to be elucidated.
Hourglass stabilization and the virtual element method
Authors: Cangiani A. , Manzini G. , Russo A. , Sukumar N.
Published: January 2015

In this paper, we establish the connections between the virtual element method (VEM) and the hourglass control techniques that have been developed since the early 1980s to stabilize underintegrated C0 Lagrange finite element methods. In the VEM, the bilinear form is decomposed into two parts: a consistent term that reproduces a given polynomial space and a correction term that provides stability. The essential ingredients of ‐continuous VEMs on polygonal and polyhedral meshes are described, which reveals that the variational approach adopted in the VEM affords a generalized and robust means to stabilize underintegrated finite elements. We focus on the heat conduction (Poisson) equation and present a virtual element approach for the isoparametric four‐node quadrilateral and eight‐node hexahedral elements. In addition, we show quantitative comparisons of the consistency and stabilization matrices in the VEM with those in the hourglass control method of Belytschko and coworkers. Numerical examples in two and three dimensions are presented for different stabilization parameters, which reveals that the method satisfies the patch test and delivers optimal rates of convergence in the L2 norm and the H1 seminorm for Poisson problems on quadrilateral, hexahedral, and arbitrary polygonal meshes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of diagnostic interval and associations with outcome in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Gupta Sumit , Gibson Paul , Pole Jason D , Sutradhar Rinku , Sung Lillian , Guttmann Astrid
Published: January 2015

Background

Little is known about diagnostic interval lengths in childhood cancer, their predictors or impact upon survival. To date, studies have relied on questionnaires or chart abstraction. We aimed to construct and validate a diagnostic interval measure using health services data among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in order to determine predictors of prolonged intervals and associations with event‐free survival (EFS).

Procedure

All children with ALL diagnosed 1995–2011 (N = 1,541) in Ontario, Canada were linked to population‐based health administrative databases. Healthcare claims prior to diagnosis were used to define healthcare episodes. Diagnostic intervals (time between first episode with diagnostic code a priori classified as consistent with underlying ALL, and diagnosis) were validated by correlation with a chart abstraction‐based measure.

Results

Intervals were generally short (median 2 days, IQR 1–3). Predictors of longer intervals included having general primary care physicians versus pediatricians (odds ratio 1.60, 95%CI 1.04–2.47; P = 0.03). While prolonged diagnostic intervals were associated with superior EFS (hazard ratio 0.71, 95%CI 0.52–0.98; P = 0.04), this was explained by confounding by disease biology.

Conclusions

Health administrative data can be used to measure diagnostic intervals in ALL and potentially other pediatric malignant and non‐malignant diseases. Diagnostic intervals were short and a marker of disease severity rather than independent predictors of outcome. These findings may be used to address caregiver guilt and caution against “early diagnosis” benchmarks not based in evidence. Future studies should examine the impact of diagnostic interval length in other conditions, but should account for potential confounding by disease severity. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:957–963. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hydrophobic, transparent and hard silicon oxynitride coating from perhydropolysilazane
Authors: Zhang Zongbo , Shao Zhonghua , Luo Yongming , An Pengyu , Zhang Mingyan , Xu Caihong
Published: January 2015

Silicon oxynitride coatings on glass and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film have been fabricated by thermal annealing of inorganic polymer perhydropolysilazane (PHPS) between 60 °C and 200 °C. The chemical structure, thermal behavior and structural evolution of PHPS were investigated. The coatings obtained on glass possess pencil hardness as high as 9H, high transparency above 90% in the visible wavelength range, good adhesion to the substrate and a hydrophobic property with water contact angle above 98°. The PHPS coated PET film has pencil hardness above 4H, water contact angle 102° and a high scratch resistance property with no obvious scratches after a 50 cycles scratch test under a load of 2 kg. All these data imply the great potential of PHPS as a hard coating for optical devices. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Fault identification in crystalline silicon PV modules by complementary analysis of the light and dark current–voltage characteristics
Authors: Spataru Sergiu Viorel , Sera Dezso , Hacke Peter , Kerekes Tamas , Teodorescu Remus
Published: January 2015

This article proposes a fault identification method, based on the complementary analysis of the light and dark current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the photovoltaic (PV) module, to distinguish between four important degradation modes that lead to power loss in PV modules: (i) degradation of the electrical circuit of the PV module (cell interconnect breaks; corrosion of the junction box, module cables, and connectors); (ii) mechanical damage to the solar cells (cell microcracks and fractures); (iii) potential‐induced degradation (PID) sustained by the module; and (iv) optical losses affecting the module (soiling, shading, and discoloration). The premise of the proposed method is that different degradation modes affect the light and dark I–V characteristics of the PV module in different ways, leaving distinct signatures. This work focuses on identifying and correlating these specific signatures present in the light and dark I–V measurements to specific degradation modes; a number of new dark I–V diagnostic parameters are proposed to quantify these signatures. The experimental results show that these dark I–V diagnostic parameters, complemented by light I–V performance and series‐resistance measurements, can accurately detect and identify the four degradation modes discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Significance of apoptotic and non‐apoptotic disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer
Authors: Todenhöfer Tilman , Hennenlotter Jörg , Faber Frank , Wallwiener Diethelm , Schilling David , Kühs Ursula , Aufderklamm Stefan , Bier Simone , Mischinger Johannes , Gakis Georgios , Fehm Tanja , Stenzl Arnulf , Schwentner Christian
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND

Disseminated tumor cells (DTC) can be detected in a high proportion of patients with localized solid malignancies. In prostate cancer (PC), determination of DTCs is critically discussed as there are conflicting results on their prognostic value. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence and prognostic role of DTCs in PC patients with a high risk of disease recurrence.

METHODS

248 patients with clinically localized PC undergoing radical prostatectomy with features of increased risk of recurrence (PSA ≥10 ng/ml or Gleason score ≥ 4 + 3 = 7 or pT ≥3) were included. All patients underwent intraoperative bone marrow (BM) aspiration biopsy. BM cells were evaluated by immunocytochemistry for cytokeratines and the apoptosis marker caspase‐cleaved cytokeratin 18 (M30). Results of immunocytochemistry were correlated with clinical and pathological parameters and clinical outcome of the patients.

RESULTS

Of 248 patients, 47 (19.0%) had evidence of DTCs at time of radical prostatectomy. In 17 of these 47 patients (36.2%), DTCs expressed the apoptosis marker M30. We observed no correlation between the presence of DTCs and tumor stage, nodal stage, prostate‐specific antigen, or Gleason score. After a median‐follow‐up of 58 months (23–76), no differences in rates of biochemical recurrence, development of metastases and cancer‐specific death were observed between patients with and without DTCs while apoptosis markers had no role.

CONCLUSIONS

In a single‐centre cohort of patients with increased risk for disease recurrence, the presence of DTCs at the time of prostatectomy does not influence clinical outcome. For the first time in patients with PC, DTCs were evaluated for immunocytological features indicating apoptosis. Due to conflicting results of studies on DTCs, BM biopsies at time of radical prostatectomy cannot be recommended as a standard procedure in patients with clinically localized PC. Prostate 75: 637–645, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Advantages of III‐nitride laser diodes in solid‐state lighting
Authors: Wierer Jonathan J. , Tsao Jeffrey Y.
Published: January 2015

III‐nitride laser diodes (LDs) are an interesting light source for solid‐state lighting (SSL). Modelling of LDs is performed to reveal the potential advantages over traditionally used light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). The first, and most notable, advantage is LDs have higher efficiency at higher currents when compared to LEDs. This is because Auger recombination that causes efficiency droop can no longer grow after laser threshold. Second, the same phosphor‐converted methods used with LEDs can also be used with LDs to produce white light with similar color rendering and color temperature. Third, producing white light from color mixed emitters is equally challenging for both LEDs and LDs, with neither source having a direct advantage. Fourth, the LD emission is directional and can be more readily captured and focused, leading to the possibility of novel and more compact luminaires. Finally, the smaller area and higher current density operation of LDs provides them with a potential cost advantage over LEDs. These advantages make LDs a compelling source for future SSL.
Did Ebola Survivors Use Plant Medicines, and if so, Which Ones?
Authors: Habtemariam Solomon , Lentini Giovanni
Published: January 2015

In the absence of any known therapeutically useful drug or vaccine available to combat Ebola, the disease has emerged as one of the most globally important crisis of the year. In the affected West African regions, no one seems to know what drug to use or even try on Ebola patients, while in the West, the debate on discovering new drugs versus repurposing old ones is heating up. Because Ebola affected countries are highly reliant on traditional medicines, we herewith suggest recording plants used by Ebola survivors as they may serve as sources of novel therapeutic agents in the future. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of the influence of network‐induced time delays on the activated sludge process behavior in the networked wastewater distributed systems
Authors: Ogidan Olugbenga Kayode , Kriger Carl , Tzoneva Raynitchka
Published: January 2015

This paper examines the effects of networked induced time delays on the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the activated sludge process (ASP) of a networked wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). This is a situation in which the controller and the wastewater plant are separated by wide geographical distance. This is a new type of WWTP control that allows two or more WWTPs to be controlled by a single controller placed in a remote location. The objective is to achieve flexibility of control and to reduce its cost. The communication medium between the controller and the WWTPs introduces communication drawbacks into the control system. The influences of network‐induced time delays [controller to actuator delay (τca) and the sensor to controller delay (τsc)] over the behavior of the DO process controlled by both nonlinear linearizing and proportional‐integral controllers are investigated for constant and random delays. Investigation of the DO process under random delays was also performed with varying linear controller parameters [proportional gain (Kp) and integral time (TI)]. Simulation results reveal that large network‐induced time delays in the closed‐loop DO process leads to depletion of the amount of oxygen available for microorganism metabolism, leading to inefficiency of the ASP. The critical delay during which the DO process becomes unstable due to communication drawbacks was also determined for constant and random delays. These values are found to vary depending on the delay type (constant/random), delay magnitude, and the linear controller parameters Kp and TI. The results of this study would provide useful information for process performance and form the basis for the design of a robust networked control for the DO process capable of mitigating communication drawbacks in a networked wastewater distributed systems. © 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Executive function processes mediate the impact of working memory impairment on intelligence in schizophrenia
Authors: Wongupparaj P. , Kumari V. , Morris R.G.
Published: January 2015

Objective:

The study investigated working memory, executive functions (conceptualized as response inhibition, updating, and shifting), and intelligence in schizophrenia, using structural equation modelling to determine the relationship between working memory and intelligence, testing whether specific executive functions act as a mediator for the association.

Method:

One hundred and twenty-five individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and 64 healthy participants were included in the study, tested using measures of working memory, intelligence and executive functioning. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to estimate direct and indirect associations between main measures.

Results:

The schizophrenia group had significantly lower working memory, executive function and intelligence than the healthy group. The relationship between working memory and intelligence was significantly mediated by inhibition, updating and shifting functions.

Conclusion:

The study indicates a mediating role of executive functions in determining the association between working memory and intellectual function in schizophrenia. It is further proposed that in people with schizophrenia, cognitive remediation approaches targeting working memory through executive functioning may in turn improve intellectual function generally.
A preliminary investigation of schematic beliefs and unusual experiences in children
Authors: Noone D. , Ames C. , Hassanali N. , Browning S. , Bracegirdle K. , Corrigall R. , Laurens K.R. , Hirsch C.R. , Kuipers E. , Maddox L. , Fowler D. , Jolley S.
Published: January 2015

Background

In cognitive models of adult psychosis, schematic beliefs about the self and others are important vulnerability and maintaining factors, and are therefore targets for psychological interventions. Schematic beliefs have not previously been investigated in children with distressing unusual, or psychotic-like, experiences (UEDs). The aim of this study was firstly to investigate whether a measure of schematic beliefs, originally designed for adults with psychosis, was suitable for children; and secondly, to examine the association of childhood schematic beliefs with internalising and externalising problems and with UEDs.

Method

Sixty-seven children aged 8–14 years, with emotional and behavioural difficulties, completed measures of UEDs, internalising (depression and anxiety), and externalising (conduct and hyperactivity-inattention) problems, together with the Brief Core Schema Scales (BCSS).

Results

The BCSS was readily completed by participants, and scale psychometric properties were good. Children tended to view themselves and others positively. Internalising and externalising problems and UEDs were all associated with negative schematic beliefs; effect sizes were small to medium.

Conclusions

Schematic beliefs in young people can be measured using the BCSS, and negative schematic beliefs are associated with childhood psychopathology and with UEDs. Schematic beliefs may therefore form a useful target in psychological interventions for young people with UEDs.
The coronary artery disease‐associated gene C6ORF105 is expressed in human macrophages under the transcriptional control of PPARγ
Authors: Chinetti-Gbaguidi G. , Copin C. , Derudas B. , Vanhoutte J. , Zawadzki C. , Jude B. , Haulon S. , Pattou F. , Marx N. , Staels B.
Published: January 2015

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Mutations in C6ORF105, associated with decreased gene expression, positively correlate with the risk of CAD in Chinese populations. Moreover, the C6ORF105‐encoded protein may play a role in coagulation. Here, we report that C6ORF105 gene expression is lower in circulating mononuclear cells from obese diabetic than lean subjects. Moreover, C6ORF105 is expressed in human macrophages and atherosclerotic lesions, where its expression positively correlates with expression of the transcription factor Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor (PPAR)γ. Activation of PPARγ increases, in a PPARγ‐dependent manner, the expression of C6ORF105 in human macrophages and atherosclerotic lesions.
Distinct conformational and functional effects of two adjacent pathogenic mutations in cardiac troponin I at the interface with troponin T
Authors: Akhter Shirin , Jin J.-P.
Published: January 2015

The α‐helix in troponin I (TnI) at the interface with troponin T (TnT) is a highly conserved structure. A point mutation in this region, A116G, was found in human cardiac TnI in a case of cardiomyopathy. An adjacent dominantly negative mutation found in turkey cardiac TnI (R111C, equivalent to K117C in human and K118C in mouse) decreased diastolic function and blunted beta‐adrenergic response in transgenic mice. To investigate the functional importance of the TnI–TnT interface and pathological impact of the cardiac TnI mutations, we engineered K118C and A117G mutations in mouse cardiac TnI for functional studies. Despite their adjacent locations, A117G substitution results in faster mobility of cardiac TnI in SDS–PAGE whereas K118C decreases gel mobility, indicating significant and distinct changes in overall protein conformation. Consistently, monoclonal antibody epitope analysis demonstrated distinct local and remote conformational alterations in the two mutant proteins. Protein binding assays showed that K118C, but not A117G, decreased the relative binding affinity of cardiac TnI for TnT. K118C mutation decreased binding affinity for troponin C in a Ca2+‐dependent manner, whereas A117G had a similar but less profound effect. Protein kinase A phosphorylation or truncation to remove the cardiac specific N‐terminal extension of cardiac TnI resulted in similar conformational changes in the region interfacing with TnT and minimized the functional impacts of the mutations. The data demonstrate potent conformational and functional impacts of the TnT‐interfacing helix in TnI and suggest a role of the N‐terminal extension of cardiac TnI in modulating TnI–TnT interface functions.
Looking ahead or looking back: Current evaluations and the effect of psychological connectedness to a temporal self
Authors: Zhang Meng , Aggarwal Pankaj
Published: January 2015

This research examines how consumers evaluate a target in the present that is positively associated with them in the past or future. We suggest that such evaluations are affected by the perceived connectedness between their current self and temporal self, that is, the self at that particular point in time of association with the target in the past or future. A strong (vs. weak) connectedness will result in a more (vs. less) favorable evaluation of the target—be it a product, brand, or pro‐social cause. Converging evidence supporting our premise is found in three studies.
Feasibility and accuracy of a new mobile electrocardiography device, ER‐2000®, in the diagnosis of arrhythmia
Authors: Park Yae Min , Lee Dae In , Park Hwan Cheol , Shim Jaemin , Choi Jong‐Il , Lim Hong Euy , Park Sang Weon , Kim Young‐Hoon
Published: January 2015

Background

We performed this study to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of a new mobile electrocardiography (ECG) device, ER‐2000®, in detecting cardiac arrhythmia, by comparing it to a 12‐lead ECG used as the gold standard.

Methods

Mode 1 of ER‐2000® was recorded using three electrodes with cables attached to the anterior chest wall, and mode 2 was recorded using the side chest channel and finger channel. Standard 12‐lead ECG was used to record with a speed of 25 mm/s, simultaneously.

Results

Seventeen patients with complaints of palpitation were enrolled. Twelve‐lead ECG revealed normal sinus rhythm in three patients, sinus tachycardia in one, atrial fibrillation (AF) in two, atrial tachycardia (AT) in one, first degree atrioventricular block in one, pacing rhythm in two patients who underwent permanent pacemaker implantation, AF with intermittent ventricular pacing in one, complete right bundle branch block in one, J‐wave elevation in one, narrow QRS tachycardia in one, atrial premature beat (APB) in one, ventricular premature beat (VPB) in one, and narrow QRS tachycardia with intermittent aberrant conduction in one. Rhythm diagnosis obtained by the two different modes of ER‐2000® was correlated with that obtained by the 12‐lead ECG in all patients except in one in whom ER‐2000® showed one APB while 12‐lead ECG showed sinus rhythm. R‐R interval was accurately recorded despite the detailed morphology of QRS, and T‐wave was somewhat modified with the use of ER‐2000®. A pacing blip detected by 12‐lead ECG was not detected by ER‐2000® despite a similar wide QRS duration in the paced QRS.

Conclusions

A rhythm strip obtained using ER‐2000® is accurate in diagnosing arrhythmia, despite some differences in the detailed morphology of the QRS and T‐wave, and the pacing spike compared to those obtained by the 12‐lead ECG.
Understanding information exchange in healthcare operations: Evidence from hospitals and patients
Authors: Dobrzykowski David D. , Tarafdar Monideepa
Published: January 2015

Coordination – or the information exchange among physicians and hospital staff – is necessary for desirable patient outcomes in healthcare delivery. However, coordination is difficult because healthcare delivery processes are information intensive, complex and require interactions of hospitals with autonomous physicians working in multiple operational systems (i.e. multiple hospitals). We examine how three important variables distinctive of the healthcare operations context – use of IT for dissemination of test results (ITDR) (i.e. electronic health records systems) by physicians and hospital staff, social interaction ties among them, and physician employment – influence information exchange and patient perceptions of their care. Drawing from the literature on process inter‐dependencies and coordination, vertical integration and social exchange, we develop and test research hypotheses linking ITDR, social interaction ties and physician employment to information exchange relationship, and information exchange relationship to provider–patient communication. Using a paired sample of primary survey data and secondary archival data from CMS HCAHPS for 173 hospitals in the USA, we find that increased information exchange relationship drives provider–patient communication, and increased social interaction ties drives information exchange relationship. Social interaction ties fully mediates the relationship between ITDR and information exchange relationship. Physician employment amplifies the link between ITDR and social interaction ties, but does not have an effect on the link between ITDR and information exchange. We do not find a direct relationship between ITDR, and information exchange relationship or provider–patient communication.
The effect of controversial global sourcing practices on the ethical judgments and intentions of U.S. consumers
Authors: Bregman Robert , Peng David Xiaosong , Chin Wynne
Published: January 2015

Global sourcing has led to lower cost and more effective supply chains for many companies. However, when the cost‐driven practices of many suppliers in these chains come to light there is often considerable debate over the ethics of these practices. This research uses the well‐known Hunt–Vitell framework as the theoretical foundation for a structural equation model of the deontological and teleological evaluations used by consumers when making ethical judgments of a firm's controversial cost‐driven global sourcing practices. Data from a large‐scale U.S. consumer survey show the importance of deontological and teleological evaluations in forming consumers’ ethical judgments of global sourcing practices, and establish a strong relationship between ethical judgment and the intention of consumers to alter consumption of a firm's products. Extensions to the framework and demographic analyses for age, gender, and income provide insights as to how perceptions of these practices affect consumer evaluations of a company involved in global sourcing and how consumers actualize their resultant intentions.
Investigation of possible prophylactic, renoprotective, and cardioprotective effects of thromboprophylactic drugs against ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Demirtas Sinan , Karahan Oguz , Yazıcı Suleyman , Guclu Orkut , Calıskan Ahmet , Tezcan Orhan , Kaplan Ibrahim , Yavuz Celal
Published: January 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate whether anticoagulant and antiaggregant agents have protective effects against oxidative damage induced by peripheral ischemia–reperfusion (I/R). Groups were created as follows: control group, I/R group (sham group), I/R plus acetylsalicylic acid (Group I), I/R+clopidogrel (Group II), I/R+rivaroxaban (Group III), I/R+bemiparin sodium (Group IV), and I/R+enoxaparin sodium (Group V). In Groups I, II, III, IV, and V, drugs were administered daily for 1 week before I/R creation. Peripheral I/R was induced in the I/R groups by clamping the right femoral artery. The rats were sacrificed 1 hour after reperfusion. Nitrogen oxide levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, paraoxonase‐1 (PON1) activity, and prolidase activity were evaluated in both cardiac and renal tissues. There was no significant difference in nitrogen oxide levels between the groups. However, cardiac and renal MDA were significantly higher and PON1 activity was markedly lower in the I/R groups compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Although elevated prolidase activity was detected in both the cardiac and renal tissue of the I/R groups, only the sham group and Group V had significantly higher renal prolidase activity (p < 0.05). Group V had significantly higher cardiac MDA, PON1, prolidase levels, and renal prolidase activity compared with the sham group (p < 0.05). Significant improvement in renal MDA levels was only observed in Group III, and marked improvement was observed in the cardiac MDA levels of Group II when compared with the sham group (p < 0.05). Thromboprophylactic agents appear to provide partial or prominent protection against I/R injury.
Stepping Stones Triple P and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Parents of Children with Cerebral Palsy: Trial Protocol – CORRIGENDUM
Authors: Whittingham Koa , Sanders Matthew , McKinlay Lynne , Boyd Roslyn N.
Published: January 2015

There was an error made in the Declaration of Interest statement included in the above published article. To ensure transparency in the research process the authors wish to change the present Declaration of Interest statement to the following. The Triple P-Positive Parenting Program is owned by the University of Queensland (UQ). The University through its main technology transfer company UniQuest Pty Limited, has licensed Triple P International Pty Ltd to disseminate the program worldwide. Royalties stemming from this dissemination activity are distributed in accordance with the University's intellectual property policy and flow to the Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, UQ; Faculty of Health and Behavioral Sciences; and contributory authors. No author has any share or ownership in Triple P International Pty Ltd. Matthew Sanders is the founder and an author on various Triple P programs and a consultant to Triple P International.
Teaching for the Transition: the Canadian PGY-1 Neurosurgery ‘Rookie Camp’
Authors: Haji Faizal A. , Clarke David B. , Matte Marie C. , Brandman David M. , Brien Susan , de Ribaupierre Sandrine , O’Kelly Cian , Christie Sean , McDonald Patrick J. , Kulkarni Abhaya V. , Walling Simon , MacLeod Anna
Published: January 2015

Background: Transitioning from medical school to residency is difficult and stressful, necessitating innovation in easing this transition. In response, a Canadian neurosurgical Rookie Camp was designed and implemented to foster acquisition of technical, cognitive and behavioral skills among incoming Canadian post graduate year one (PGY-1) neurosurgery residents. Methods: The inaugural Rookie Camp was held in July 2012 in Halifax. The curriculum was developed based on a national needs-assessment and consisted of a pre-course manual, 7 case-based stations, 4 procedural skills stations and 2 group discussions. The content was clinically focused, used a variety of teaching methods, and addressed multiple CanMEDS competencies. Evaluation included participant and faculty surveys and a pre-course, post-course, and 3-month retention knowledge test. Results: 17 of 23 PGY-1 Canadian neurosurgical residents participated in the Camp. All agreed the course content was relevant for PGY-1 training and the experience prepared them for residency. All participants would recommend the course to future neurosurgical residents. A statistically significant improvement was observed in knowledge related to course content (F(2,32) = 7.572, p<0.002). There were no significant differences between post-test and retention-test scores at three months. Conclusion: The inaugural Canadian Neurosurgery Rookie Camp for PGY-1 residents was successfully delivered, with engagement from participants, training programs, the Canadian Neurosurgical Society, and the Royal College. In addition to providing fundamental knowledge, which was shown to be retained, the course eased junior residents’ transition to residency by fostering camaraderie and socialization within the specialty.
The Potential Impact of Excluding Funguria from the Surveillance Definition of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Dicks Kristen V. , Baker Arthur W. , Durkin Michael J. , Lewis Sarah S. , Moehring Rebekah W. , Anderson Deverick J. , Sexton Daniel J. , Chen Luke F.
Published: January 2015

Funguria rarely represents true infection in the urinary tract. Excluding yeast from the catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) surveillance definition reduced CAUTI rates by nearly 25% in community hospitals and at an academic, tertiary-care medical center.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1–3
Leadership theories and the concept of work engagement: Creating a conceptual framework for management implications and research
Authors: Blomme Robert J. , Kodden Bas , Beasley-Suffolk Annamaria
Published: January 2015

During the past decade, a great deal of research has been carried out on the importance of employee engagement. In various studies, engagement is viewed as a positive state of mind of overwhelming satisfaction, which is characterized by feelings of vigour, dedication and absorption. In this article, ‘vigour’ refers to a state of mind in which individuals feel energetic, fit, strong and indefatigable. ‘Dedication’ refers to a state of mind in which individuals feel highly engaged by their work, which inspires them, and makes them feel proud and enthusiastic. ‘Absorption’ refers to a pleasant state of mind in which individuals are fully immersed in their work. This article provides an overview of a number of perspectives on leadership and discusses which leadership factors are likely to be the most effective in ensuring that employees remain engaged and productive. It also provides a conceptual model for further research on the relationship between leadership styles and work engagement.
Strategy implementation: What is the failure rate?
Authors: Cândido Carlos J F , Santos Sérgio P
Published: January 2015

It is often claimed that 50–90% of strategic initiatives fail. Although these claims have had a significant impact on management theory and practice, they are controversial. We aim to clarify why this is the case. Towards this end, an extensive review of the literature is presented, assessed, compared and discussed. We conclude that while it is widely acknowledged that the implementation of a new strategy can be a difficult task, the true rate of implementation failure remains to be determined. Most of the estimates presented in the literature are based on evidence that is outdated, fragmentary, fragile or just absent. Careful consideration is advised before using current estimates to justify changes in the theory and practice. A set of guiding principles is presented for assisting researchers to produce better estimates of the rates of failure.
Distributing mind, cognition and language: exploring the (un)common ground with integrational linguistics
Authors: ORMAN JON
Published: January 2015

abstract

While acknowledging that they have many points of theoretical agreement, the discussion deliberately focuses on areas of incompatibility between integrational and ‘distributed’ approaches to mind, cognition, and language in the light of Roy Harris’ claim that the notion of a ‘distributed mind’ comprises a category mistake. Harris’ position is based on his affirmation of a ‘vulgar concept of mind’ which contrasts sharply with certain accounts of mind originating from within cognitive science. The tension between lay and scientific understandings of mind and language forms a key point of discord between the two approaches. I discuss Harris’ argument that the category mistake inherent in the notion of ‘distributed mind’ can be dissolved by replacing it with the notion of an ‘integrated’ or ‘integrating’ mind. I then consider the derived notion of ‘distributed language’ and its theoretical and explanatory value from an integrational perspective. Finally, I conclude by arguing that although they share many important insights, the differences of perspective which exist between the integrational and distributed approaches are such as likely to prevent the emergence of anything resembling a unified movement.
Origins of Anglo-Catholic Missions: Fr Richard Benson and the Initial Missions of the Society of St John the Evangelist, 1869–1882
Authors: STRONG ROWAN
Published: January 2015

This paper investigates the origins of Anglican Anglo-Catholic missions, through the missionary theology and practice of the founder of the Society of St John the Evangelist, Fr Richard Benson, and an exploration of its initial missionary endeavours: the Twelve-Day Mission to London in 1869, and two missions in India from 1874. The Indian missions comprised an institutional mission at Bombay and Pune, and a unique ascetic enculturated mission at Indore by Fr Samuel Wilberforce O'Neillssje. It is argued that Benson was a major figure in the inauguration of Anglo-Catholic missions; that his ritualist moderation was instrumental in the initial public success of Anglo-Catholic domestic mission; and that in overseas missions he had a clear theological preference for disconnecting evangelism from Europeanising. Benson's approach, more radical than was normal in the second half of the nineteenth century, was a consequence of envisaging mission's being undertaken by a religious order, an entirely new phenomenon for Anglican missions.
Diversity of marine ascomycetes from the disturbed sandy beaches of Tabasco, Mexico
Authors: Velez Patricia , González María C. , Capello-García Silvia , Rosique-Gil Edmundo , Hanlin Richard T.
Published: January 2015

The coastline of Tabasco State in the Gulf of Mexico represents a highly deteriorated ecosystem, where densely populated human settlements and large offshore petroleum developments are negatively affecting the marine biodiversity. Previous work on marine ascomycetes reported that in the Gulf of Mexico the diversity of these fungi might be threatened by anthropogenic activities. Therefore we evaluated the diversity of marine ascomycetes in this area, and registered 19 taxa.Ceriosporopsis capillaceawas recorded for the first time for Mexico. The highest diversity was obtained in the beach of Sánchez Magallanes, which receives a great quantity and diversity of organic remains originating from El Carmen/Machona mangrove forests via the Santa Ana mouth, benefiting the proliferation of marine fungi. The lowest diversity was documented in the beach of Paraíso, which is close to the delta of one of the most polluted rivers in Mexico and to off-shore oil extraction platforms. We found a significant correlation between the community composition and abundance, implying that the overall abundance is defined by the community structure, perhaps as a result of competition. Additionally, our results indicated that there is no relationship between the grain size and the biodiversity observed.
Multitrait indices to predict worm length and number in sheep with natural, mixed predominantly Teladorsagia circumcincta infection
Authors: MAIR COLETTE , MATTHEWS LOUISE , DE CISNEROS JOAQUIN PRADA J. , STEFAN THORSTEN , STEAR MICHAEL J.
Published: January 2015

Accurately identifying resistance to gastrointestinal nematode infections requires the ability to identify animals with low and high intensities of infection. The pathogenic effects of nematodes depend upon both the length and number of worms, neither of which can be measured in live animals. Indices that predict these quantities are urgently needed. Monthly fecal egg counts, bodyweights, IgA concentrations and pepsinogen concentrations were measured on Scottish Blackface sheep naturally infected with a mixture of nematodes, predominantly Teladorsagia circumcincta. Worm number and average worm length were available on over 500 necropsied lambs. We derived predictive indices for worm length and number using linear combinations of traits measured in live animals. The correlations between the prediction values and the observed values were 0·55 for worm length and 0·51 for worm number. These indices can be used to identify the most resistance and susceptible lambs.
Children's production of head-final relative clauses: The case of Mandarin
Authors: HU SHENAI , GAVARRÓ ANNA , GUASTI MARIA TERESA
Published: January 2015

We explored the acquisition of relative clauses in Mandarin Chinese, a subject–verb–object language with head-final relatives. One hundred and twenty-five children (aged 3 years to 8 years, 11 months) and 20 adults participated in an elicitation task. The results revealed a subject advantage at all ages and a large production of relative clauses with resumptive noun phrases (NPs) across age groups. To further explore the latter finding, we carried out a grammaticality judgment study with 80 adults. We found that relative clauses with resumptive NPs are acceptable in the spoken language for many adult native speakers of Mandarin. This result is at odds with Chinese prescriptive grammar. We propose an analysis of the subject advantage based on the structure intervention expressed as relativized minimality and argue that resumptive NPs are an option in Mandarin relative clauses.
Frenemy Aliens. The National and Transnational Considerations of Independent Contingents in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, 1914-1918
Authors: Marti Steve
Published: January 2015

The Allied expedition to Salonika was a controversial campaign of the First World War that diverted French and British resources away from the Western Front. To sustain this expedition without depleting existing forces, the Colonial Office approached the High Commissioners of Australia, Canada, and New Zealand and requested that each dominion consider raising a Serbian military contingent for service in Salonika. In the decades preceding the outbreak of war, South Slavs had settled in each of the dominions and the War Office hoped to exploit nationalist aspirations for a pan-Slavic state and mobilise South Slavs in the dominions. In raising these contingents, dominion governments weighed between fulfilling a demand of the Imperial war effort and jeopardising domestic stability by empowering a culturally-distinct minority that was the object of public paranoia. This article will examine how the legal status of South Slavs changed in the three dominions as a result of these recruiting efforts along with the conditions under which South Slavs were able to volunteer for service in Salonika. A comparative approach reveals how Southern Slavs were defined and how they defined themselves as they navigated the categories of enemy aliens, friendly allies, and subjects of the British Empire.
Sexy money: the hetero-normative politics of global finance
Authors: BRASSETT JAMES , RETHEL LENA
Published: January 2015

The article develops a critical analysis of gendered narratives of global finance. The post-subprime crisis equation of unfettered global finance with the excessive masculinity of individual bankers is read in line with a wider gender narrative. We discuss how hetero-normative relations between men and women underpin financial representations through three historical examples: war bond advertising, Hollywood films about bankers, and contemporary aesthetic representations of female politicians who advocate for austerity. A politics emerges whereby gender is used to encompass a/the spectrum between embedded and disembedded finance, approximate to the divide betweenoikonomiaandchrematistics. The apparently desirable ‘marriage’ between the state and finance that ensues carries several ambiguities – precisely along gender lines – that point to a pervasive limit: the myth of embedded liberalism in the imagination of global finance.
The Wilkes Land Anomaly revisited
Authors: Weihaupt John G. , Van Der Hoeven Frans G. , Chambers Frederick B. , Lorius Claude , Wyckoff John W. , Castendyk Devin
Published: January 2015

The Wilkes Land Gravity Anomaly, first reported in 1959–60, is located in northern Victoria Land in the Pacific Ocean sector of East Antarctica, 1400 km west of the Ross Sea and centred at 70°00'S-140°00'E. Initially described on the basis of ground-based seismic and gravity survey, and estimated at the time to have a diameter of 243 km, the original data are now supplemented by data from airborne radiosound survey, airborne gravity survey, airborne magnetic survey and satellite remote sensing. These new data enable us to expand upon the original data, and reveal that the structure has a diameter of some 510 km, is accompanied by ice streams and a chaotically disturbed region of the continental ice sheet, has a subglacial topographical relief of ≥1500 m, and exhibits a negative free air gravity anomaly associated with a larger central positive free air gravity anomaly. The feature has been described as a volcanic structure, an igneous intrusion, an ancient igneous diapir, a subglacial sedimentary basin, a glacially eroded subglacial valley, a tectonic feature and a meteorite impact crater. We re-examine the feature on the basis of these collective data, with emphasis on the free air gravity anomaly signs, magnitudes and patterns, magnetic signature magnitudes and patterns, and the size, shape, dimensions and morphology of the structure. This enhanced view adds substantially to the original description provided at the time of discovery, and suggests several explanations for the origin of the Wilkes Land Anomaly. However, the importance of this feature lies not only in determining its origin but by the fact that this part of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin is one of the most prominent regional negative geoid and associated gravity anomalies of the Antarctic continent.