bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
General Anesthesia Versus Conscious Sedation for Intracranial Mechanical Thrombectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Zhang Yu , Jia Lu , Fang Fang , Ma Lu , Cai Bowen , Faramand Andrew
Published: June 2019

Background

Endovascular therapy is the standard of care for severe acute ischemic stroke caused by large‐vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation, but there is uncertainty regarding the optimal anesthetic approach during this therapy. Meta‐analyses of observational studies suggest that general anesthesia increases morbidity and mortality compared with conscious sedation. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials to examine the effect of anesthetic strategy during endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke.

Methods and Results

Systematic review and meta‐analysis according to
PRISMA
(Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) guidelines has been registered with the PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Ongoing Systematic Reviews) (
CRD
42018103684). Medline, EMBASE, and
CENTRAL
databases were searched through August 1, 2018. Meta‐analyses were conducted using a random‐effects model to pool odds ratio with corresponding 95%
CI
. The primary outcome was 90‐day functional independence (modified Rankin Scale 0–2). In the results, 3 trials with a total of 368 patients were selected. Among patients with ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular therapy, general anesthesia was significantly associated with higher odds of functional independence (odds ratio 1.87, 95%
CI
1.15–3.03, I
2
=17%) and successful recanalization (odds ratio 1.94, 95%
CI
1.13–3.3) compared with conscious sedation. However, general anesthesia was associated with a higher risk of 20% mean arterial pressure decrease (odds ratio 10.76, 95%
CI
5.25–22.07). There were no significant differences in death, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, anesthesiologic complication, intensive care unit length of stay, pneumonia, and interventional complication.

Conclusions

Moderate‐quality evidence suggests that general anesthesia results in significantly higher rates of functional independence than conscious sedation in patients with ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular therapy. Large randomized clinical trials are required to confirm the benefit.
Heterogeneous Impacts of Free Trade Agreements: The Case of Japan
Authors: Yamanouchi Kenta
Published: June 2019

This paper investigates the trade creation effects of Japan's free trade agreements (FTAs) using aggregate trade data for the years 1996–2015. We estimate various specifications of a gravity model. Our main finding is that the effects of Japan's FTAs are not clearly observed when the gravity model is specified with three types of fixed effects (i.e., exporter-year fixed effects, importer-year fixed effects, and country-pair fixed effects). In fact, the effects of FTAs vary substantially among trade partners and around half of the FTAs increase Japan's trade values. Our results also suggest that FTAs with small trade partners tend to have large effects on Japan as well as other countries. Recently enforced FTAs, however, increase Japan's import values more rapidly.
Substituting time-consuming pencil drawings in arthropod taxonomy using stacks of digital photographs
Authors: COLEMAN CHARLES O.
Published: June 2019

The most time-consuming part of a taxonomic description is making the illustrations. This contribution shows how to save time by omitting the pencil drawings of arthropod appendages and replacing them by stacks of microphotographs. These are imported into a drawing software package on a computer in order to make a publication-ready line drawing, a technique described in detail in Coleman (2003). The photographic method requires a special treatment of the appendages which is also shown.
Eight new species of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae) from the United Arab Emirates, Oman, and Yemen
Authors: DISNEY R. HENRY L.
Published: June 2019

The following new species of Megaselia are described from the United Arab Emirates, with four of these also recorded from additional countries (indicated in brackets). M. ebejeri (Oman), M. floccicauda (Yemen), M. gallagheri (Oman), M. multivesiculae, M. necmera, M. nudihalterata (Oman, Yemen), M. papei and M. quintincisa.
Male description of Eutetrapha velutinofasciata Pic, with a new synonym (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Saperdini)
Authors: LIN MEI YING , LI WENZHU , YANG XING KE
Published: June 2019

Eutetrapha velutinofasciata Pic was established for a unique female specimen from Beijing, China. Breuning (1952) transferred it to the genus Paraglenea Bates based on one additional female specimen from Inn-shan (China: Inner Mongolia), a transfer which was not widely accepted. We describe the male and postulate the host plant for the first time. Habitus photographs as well as illustrations of the male genitalia and claws are presented. After careful examination of both the holotype of E. velutinofasciata Pic, and the holotype, one paratype, as well as a series of specimens including males and females of Paraglenea nigromaculata Wang et Jiang, P. nigromaculata Wang et Jiang was found to be a junior synonym of E. velutinofasciata Pic.
New species of Eupsilocephala Krober from Australia (Diptera: Therevidae)
Authors: WINTERTON SHAUN L.
Published: June 2019

The stiletto fly genus Eupsilocephala Kröber is a member of the Taenogera genus-group endemic to Australia. Two new species of this rarely collected genus, Eupsilocephala albodorsalis sp. nov. and Eupsilocephala sulphurea sp. nov., are described.
Typhlichthys eigenmanni Charlton, 1933, an available name for a blind cavefish (Teleostei: Amblyopsidae), differentiated on the basis of characters of the central nervous system
Authors: PARENTI LYNNE R.
Published: June 2019

Typhlichthys eigenmanni Charlton, 1933 was described inadvertently in a richly illustrated publication on the comparative anatomy of the central nervous system of blind cavefishes. Characters described by Charlton (1933) are sufficient to differentiate the species from Amblyopsis rosae (Eigenmann, 1898), with which he compared it in a detailed examination of the optic tectum, the primary visual center of the brain. These characters are: 1) a relatively narrow optic nerve, 2) a relatively large tractus mesencephalo-cerebellaris anterior; 3) the rostral bundle of the fibrae tectales nervi optici ascending in front of the nucleus dorsali thalami as opposed to coursing around its anterior pole; and, 4) relatively small brachia tecti. Efforts to locate Charlton’s type specimens of T. eigenmanni, likely histological slides, have not been successful. The type locality is Ha Ha Tonka State Park, Camden Co., Missouri. Putative topotypes are catalogued in collections of the University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology. Typhlichthys eigenmanni Charlton, 1933 is a subjective synonym of T. subterraneus Girard, 1859, the Southern Cavefish.
Papuacocelus papuanus n. gen., n. sp. - a new Eurycanthinae from Papua New Guinea, with notes on the genus Dryococelus Gurney, 1947 and description of the egg (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae: Eurycanthinae)
Authors: HENNEMANN FRANK H. , CONLE OSKAR V.
Published: June 2019

The new genus Papuacocelus n. gen. (Type-species: Papuacocelus papuanus n. sp.) is described from Papua New Guinea (Morobe Province) and is related to Dryococelus Gurney, 1947, Thaumatobactron Günther, 1929 and Eurycantha Boisduval, 1835. The type-species Papuacocelus papuanus n. sp. is described and illustrated from both sexes. The male holotype is deposited in BMNH, the female paratype in the first author’s collection (FH). The monotypic genus Dryococelus Gurney, 1947 (Type-species: Karabidion australe Montrouzier, 1855) is briefly discussed and the eggs are described and illustrated for the first time. Keys and a table are presented to distinguish Dryococelus Gurney, 1947, Papuacocelus n. gen., Thaumatobactron Günther, 1929 and Eurycantha Boisduval, 1835. The beak-like ovipositor possessed by most females of Eurycanthinae is found to be formed by elongation of the anal segment and subgenital plate, and not as stated by former authors, by the subgenital plate and an elongated supraanal plate. A brief survey is provided of the beak-like ovipositors in Phasmatodea.
A new species of Oscarella (Demospongiae: Plakinidae) from the Western Sea of Japan
Authors: ERESKOVSKY ALEXANDER V.
Published: June 2019

Oscarella malakhovi sp. nov. is described from the waters of Peter the Great Bay (northwestern Sea of Japan, Russia) at depths between 0.4–4 m from a rocky coast. This is the first record of the genus Oscarella from the North-Western Pacific. The new species is characterized by its pinky-beige to yellow color, undulating appearance, lumpy, microlobate surface, soft, slimy consistency, two particular kinds of cells with inclusions (vacuolar and granular cells), and of two kinds of endobiont bacteria. The new species of Oscarella is clearly different in cell, endobiotic bacteria content, and external morphology from all previously described species of Oscarella.
Two new species of Pleistacantha Miers, 1879 from the Indo-West Pacific region (Crustacea, Decapoda, Majidae)
Authors: AHYONG SHANE T. , LEE TIMOTHY
Published: June 2019

Two new species of the deep-water spider crab genus Pleistacantha Miers, 1879, are described: P. griffini sp. nov. and P. maxima sp. nov. Pleistacantha griffini, from northwestern Australia and Indonesia, most closely resembles P. moseleyi (Miers, 1886), with which it has been confused. Pleistacantha griffini is readily distinguished from P. moseleyi based on carapace physiognomy, pereopod morphometrics and gonopod structure. Pleistacantha maxima, ranging from Japan to Australia, has been previously confused with the morphologically similar P. oryx Ortmann, 1893. The new species differs from P. oryx in numerous features, the most striking being a maximum body size exceeding twice that of P. oryx.
A new snake of the genus Atractus Wagler, 1828 (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae) from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana, northeastern South America
Authors: KOK PHILIPPE J.R.
Published: June 2019

A new colubrid snake of the genus Atractus Wagler 1828 is described from Kaieteur National Park, west-central Guyana. The new species differs from all other congeners by the combination of two postoculars, 15 dorsal scale rows, eight supralabials, seven to eight infralabials, loreal much longer than high, six maxillary teeth, and a color pattern consisting of irregular red or pale red markings, sometimes forming an incomplete broken dorsolateral stripe, on a medium brown to brownish black ground color, and heavy brownish black mottling on a yellowish cream venter. A key to the species of the genus Atractus from Guyana is provided.
A review of the asilid (Diptera) fauna from Hispaniola with six genera new to the island, fifteen new species, and checklist
Authors: SCARBROUGH AUBREY G. , PEREZ-GELABERT DANIEL E.
Published: June 2019

The robber fly fauna of the 6 subfamilies Apocleinae, Asilinae, Laphrinae, Ommatiinae, Stenopogoninae, and Trigonomiminae of Hispaniola with special reference to the Dominican Republic is reviewed in light of new collections. This paper reports 6 genera (Cerotainia Schiner,   Eumecosoma Schiner, Holcocephala Jaennicke, Pilica Curran, Proctacanthella Bromley, and Rhopalogaster Macquart) new to the island, increasing the number to 20. Within the West Indies,   Eumecosoma, Holcocephala, Pilica, and Proctacanthella are only known from Hispaniola. Also, 33 species are reported, including 15 new species (Atomosia anacaona, A. ciguaya, A. jagua, A. jimagua, A. yurabia, Cerotainia sola, Eumecosoma caerulum, Holcocephala indigena, Ommatius geminus, O. laticrus, O. maculosus, O. praelongus, Proctacanthella taina, Plesiomma simile, and Rhopalogaster albidus), increasing the number to 62 species plus 2 species in Dominican amber. The male of O. cinnamomeus Scarbrough & females of Plesiomma inflatum and Proctacanthus darlingtoni Curran are reported for the first time. The Ommatius lucidatus species group is established with 8 extant and 2 fossil species. Plesiomma angustum (Macquart) and Atoniomyia mikii (Williston) are rediscovered and redescribed. Plesiomma lineata (Fabricius) is removed from the distribution list for Cuba and Jamaica and Neophoneus is removed from the list of West Indies asilids because of an error in identification. Neophoneus flavotibis Bigot tentatively diagnosed as belonging to the genus Efferia. Plesiomma macra Loew is removed from synonymy. Significant structures of most species are illustrated and keys to selected species are included. At least one species of Atoniomyia and Pilica remain undescribed from this survey. New distribution records for most species and a checklist of the Hispaniolan fauna are also included.
Nomenclatorial changes in Oriental Lygaeinae seed bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeidae)
Authors: KONDOROSY ELŐD , LYAL CHRISTOPHER H.C. , WEBB MICHAEL D.
Published: June 2019

Based on the type material of Oriental Lygaeinae seed bugs in The Natural History Museum, London and elsewhere, the following taxonomic changes are made. New combinations: Aspilocoryphus dixoni (Distant, 1903), comb. nov. (from Graptostethus); Aspilocoryphus orientalis (Distant, 1903), comb. nov. (from Lygaeosoma); Lygaeosoma sordidum (Distant, 1918a) comb. nov. (from Melanotelus); Hormopleurus modestus (Distant, 1909), comb. nov. (from Lygaeosoma). New synonyms: Aspilocoryphus fraternus Distant, 1918a, a junior synonym of Aspilocoryphus orientalis (Distant, 1903) (Lygaeosoma), syn nov., Epibomius pusa Distant, 1909, a junior synonym of Lygaeosoma pusillum (Dallas, 1852) (Arocatus), syn. nov., Pyrrhobaphus (Graptostethus) collaris Breddin, 1907 a junior synonym of Graptostethus quadrisignatus Distant, 1879, syn. nov., Graptostethus diffusus Walker, 1872 a junior synonym of Graptostethus incomptus (Herrich-Schaffer, 1847) (Lygaeus), syn. nov., Graptostethus trisignatus Distant, 1879 a junior synonym of Graptostethus incertus (Walker, 1872) (Lygaeus), syn. nov. , Lygaeus degeni Distant, 1918b, a junior synonym of Cosmopleurus fulvipes (Dallas, 1852) (Lygaeus), syn. nov., Lygaeus simla Distant, 1909, a junior synonym of Tropidothorax leucopterus (Goeze, 1778) (Cimex), syn. nov., Lygaeus tonkinensis Distant, 1918b, a junior synonym of Tropidothorax maculatus (Dallas, 1852) (Lygaeus), syn. nov., Tropidothorax concisus Walker, 1872, a junior synonym of Tropidothorax fimbriatus (Dallas, 1852) (Lygaeus), syn. nov.
New fossil rhopalids (Heteroptera: Coreoidea) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: YAO YUNZHI , CAI WANZHI , REN DONG , SHIH CHUNGKUN
Published: June 2019

Three new genera and three species of fossil rhopalid, Originicorizus pyriformis gen. & sp. nov., Quatlocellus liae gen. & sp. nov., and Grandicaputus bipunctatus gen. & sp. nov., are described and illustrated. They were discovered from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Eastern Inner Mongolia, China. The present discovery demonstrates that the early diversification of rhopalids was well underway by the Middle Jurassic.
Parapentaneura bentogomensis gen. n., sp. n., a new Tanypodinae (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Brazil
Authors: STUR ELISABETH , FITTKAU ERNST JOSEF , SERRANO MIRIAN A. DA SILVA
Published: June 2019

Parapentaneura bentogomensis gen. n., sp. n., from Mato Grosso, Brazil is diagnosed and described as larva, pupa and adult male. The pupa and larva of an additional species in Parapentaneura gen. n. is described, but not formally named. The new genus belongs to the tribe Pentaneurini of the subfamily Tanypodinae and is morphologically most similar to the genera Pentaneura, Larsia and Hudsonimyia.
Revision of the endemic Hawaiian sap beetle genus Apetasimus Sharp 1908 (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)
Authors: EWING CURTIS
Published: June 2019

The endemic Hawaiian nitidulid genus Apetasimus is revised and a key to species provided. Originally described for a single species, Apetasimus involucer, five new species are described and five species are moved from the endemic Hawaiian genus Orthostolus. The following new species are described: Apetasimus conditus sp. nov., A. ganeademus sp. nov., A. abstrusus sp. nov., A. pleomelarrosus sp. nov., and A. debbiae sp. nov. Six species previously assigned to Orthostolus and the monotypic Cyrtostolus are moved to Apetasimus; Apetasimus guttatus comb. nov., Apetasimus sordidus comb. nov., Apetasimus expers comb. nov., Apetasimus atratus comb. nov., Apetasimus kauaiensis comb. nov., and Apetasimus subalatus comb. nov. Apetasimus are arranged in three species groups: pleomelarrosus-group, involucer-group, and guttatus-group. The involucer-group is characterized by brachyptery, and are rarely collected. The pleomelarrosus-group is fully winged and one species, A. pleomelarrosus, is locally abundant on Kauai. One member of the guttatus-group, A. subalatus, is brachypterous. All guttatus-group species are presumed extinct, with the last known collection in 1935.
A new species of Ischnomesidae (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the Southern Ocean,Stylomesus weddellensis sp. nov.
Authors: BRANDT ANGELIKA , ANDRES HANS GEORG
Published: June 2019

Stylomesus weddellensis sp. nov. is described from the abyssal Weddell Sea, Southern Ocean. It can easily be distinguished from the other species of the genus by its typical spine pattern. Besides the long frontolaterally directed projections of pereonite 1, pereonites 1-3 bear two mediolateral to caudolateral blunt spines which are absent in all other Southern Ocean or South Atlantic species of Stylomesus Wolff, 1956. The pereopod 7 is present, and is not fused to pleotelson. A list of all currently known 17 species of Stylomesus is presented including data on depth and distribution.
Two new deep-water species of Caecoserolis Wägele, 1994 (Isopoda, Sphaeromatidea,Serolidae) from off North Island, New Zealand
Authors: BRUCE NIEL L.
Published: June 2019

Two species of Serolidae, Caecoserolis carinata sp. nov. and Caecoserolis bicolor sp. nov. are described from northern New Zealand waters, the first record of the genus from New Zealand. A third species, a juvenile is recorded as Caecoserolis sp. All are deep-water species. C. carinata can be identified by the median row of prominent tubercles, and was collected from the southern New Caledonia Trough, Tasman Sea at depths of 2930–3184 m; C. bicolor has paired nodules on the head linked by a V-shaped ridge, a broad body, widest at pereonites 3 and 4, and occurs off Hawkes Bay, off eastern North Island, at depths of 2119–2337 m.
Eurycope crassiramis sp. nov., a new species of Munnopsidae (Crustacea, Isopoda,Asellota) from the Weddell Sea, Southern Ocean
Authors: GOLOVAN OLGA A.
Published: June 2019

A new species of Eurycopinae (Munnopsidae) Eurycope crassiramis sp. nov. is described from the bathyal of the Weddell Sea, Southern Ocean. The new species is most similar to E. gaussi Wolff, 1956. Both species can be distinguished from all other species of this genus by the short cephalon and ambulosome (each length in the new species is 0.1 body length), a rostrum equal or subequal to medial cephalic length, a uropod with very broad rami and a protopod not broadened medially, and the peculiar form of the male pleopod 1. The new species differs from E. gaussi by the following characters: a lacinia mobilis with 6 denticles, a mandibular spine row with 6–7 setae, and a distolateral margin of male pleopod 1 broadly rounded, without projecting corners.
Melvicalathis, a new brachiopod genus (Terebratulida: Chlidonophoridae) fromdeep sea volcanic substrates, and the biogeographic significance of the mid-oceanridge system
Authors: LEE DAPHNE E. , GREGORY MURRAY R. , LÜTER CARSTEN , ZEZINA OLGA N. , ROBINSON JEFFREY H. , CHRISTIE DAVID M.
Published: June 2019

Brachiopods form a small but significant component of the deep-sea benthos in all oceans. Almost half of the 40 brachiopod species so far described from depths greater than 2000 m are small, short-looped terebratulides assigned to two superfamilies, Terebratuloidea and Cancellothyridoidea. In this study we describe Melvicalathis, a new genus of cancellothyridoid brachiopod (Family Chlidonophoridae; Subfamily Eucalathinae) from ocean ridge localities in the south and southeast Pacific Ocean, and cryptic habitats within lava caves in glassy basalt dredged from the Southeast Indian Ridge, Indian Ocean. These small, punctate, strongly-ribbed, highly spiculate brachiopods occur at depths between 2009 m and 4900 m, and appear to be primary colonisers on the inhospitable volcanic rock substrate. The ecology and life-history of Melvicalathis and related deep-sea brachiopods are discussed. Brachiopods are rarely reported from the much-studied but localised hydrothermal vent faunas of the mid ocean ridge systems. They are, however, widespread members of a poorly known deep-sea benthos of attached, suspension-feeding epibionts that live along the rarely sampled basalt substrates associated with mid-ocean ridge systems. We suggest that these basalt rocks of the mid-ocean ridge system act as deep-sea “superhighways” for certain groups of deep-sea animals, including brachiopods, along which they may migrate and disperse. Although the mid-ocean ridges form the most extensive, continuous, essentially uniform habitat on Earth, their biogeographic significance may not have been fully appreciated.
Three new species of free-living nematodes from the South-East Atlantic Abyss (DIVA I Expedition)
Authors: TCHESUNOV ALEXEI V.
Published: June 2019

Three new nematode species were found in the Angola Basin (south-east Atlantic Ocean) at depths of about 5500 m. Paracyatholaimus diva sp. nov. (Cyatholaimidae) is characterised by outer labial and cephalic setae of about 3–5 μm, multispiral amphidial fovea with six turns in males and four turns in females situated at the level of the dorsal tooth, buccal cavity armoured with only one prominent dorsal tooth, tail consisting of anterior conical and posterior slender cylindrical half portions, and six preanal midventral setose supplementary organs. Paracyatholaimus diva sp. nov. is most similar to Paracyatholaimus rotundus Gerlach, 1964 but differs by slightly longer body (936–1176 μm versus 705 μm), tail shape (with clearly narrowed posterior half versus conical), six versus four supplementary organs of different shape. The genus Paracyatholaimus Micoletzky, 1923 is briefly reviewed. The genus now includes twenty-four valid species. Five species are considered as species inquirendae, mainly because of inadequate type material lacking adult stages and/or incomplete descriptions. A pictorial guide for identification of the valid species of Paracyatholaimus is provided. Pomponema proximamphidum sp. nov. shares subapical position of the amphidial fovea and distinct lateral differentiation of the somatic cuticle with five Pomponema species: P. concinnum Wieser, 1954, P. corniculata Gourbault, 1980, P. mirabile Cobb, 1917, P. multipapillatum Filipjev, 1922 and P. stomachor Wieser, 1954 but differs from them by tail length, longer posterior cylindrical portion of the tail, relative width of the amphidial fovea, position of the ventral pore and lesser number of supplementary organs. Desmodora striatocephala sp. nov. is well characterized by a combination of very large amphidial fovea occupying nearly the entire lateral surface of the cephalic capsule and thickened midventral preanal cuticle with a few supplementary papillae inserted therein in males. D. striatocephala sp. nov. differs from related species D. cuddlesae Inglis, 1963 and to some lesser degree with D. inflexa Wieser, 1954 with shorter body, relative tail length, bigger size of the amphidial fovea and lesser number of supplementary papillae.
A new species of Geothelphusa Stimpson, 1857, from Taiwan (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence, with notes on species from western Taiwan
Authors: SHIH HSI-TE , NARUSE TOHRU , YEO DARREN C. J.
Published: June 2019

A new species of freshwater crab of the genus Geothelphusa, G. siasiat sp. nov., is described from Hsinchu and Miaoli counties, northwestern Taiwan. The new species can be distinguished morphologically from similar and geographically close species from western Taiwan by a suite of characters of the carapace, ambulatory legs, thoracic sternum, male abdomen, and male first pleopods. Comparisons of the DNA sequences encoding parts of the mitochondrial large subunit (16S) rRNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) genes of specimens from western Taiwan further corroborate this finding. The opportunity is taken here to discuss the taxonomy of the poorly known species, Geothelphusa candidiensis Bott, 1967, based on a re-examination of the holotype, and the distribution of Geothelphusa species from western Taiwan. The report of G. siasiat sp. nov. brings the total number of species of Geothelphusa species known to 52.
The cicada genus Selymbria Stå1, 1861 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Tibicininae: Selymbrini): redescription including ten new species and a key to the genus
Authors: SANBORN ALLEN F.
Published: June 2019

The cicada genus Selymbria Stål, 1861 is redescribed along with ten new species. Selymbria boliviaensis n. sp. is described from Bolivia, S. chevauxensis n. sp. and S. guianensis n. sp. are described from French Guiana, S. cinctifera n. sp. is described from Panama and Costa Rica, S. ecuadorensis n. sp. is described from Ecuador, S. guatemalensis n. sp. is described from Guatemala, S. iguazuensis n. sp. is described from Argentina and Brazil, S. loretoensis n. sp. and S. madredediosensis n. sp. are described from Peru, and S. puntarenasensis n. sp. is described from Costa Rica. The current sixteen species of Selymbria are listed along with their synonymies and the known distribution of each species. A key to the species of Selymbria is provided.
A new species of Tropidion (Neoibidionini), synonymies in Rhinotragini, notes on Pirangoclytus (Clytini) and Hemicladus (Calliini), and new records in Cerambycidae (Coleoptera)
Authors: SANTOS-SILVA ANTONIO , NASCIMENTO FRANCISCO E. DE L. , BIFFI GABRIEL
Published: June 2019

A new species, Tropidion flechtmanni, is described, illustrated, and included in a previous key. Rhinotragus marginatus Perty, 1832 (currently considered a subspecies of R. dorsiger), Rhinotragus dorsiger var. collaris Melzer, 1930, Rhinotragus dorsiger var. vittatus Melzer, 1930, Rhinotragus dorsiger var. amparensis Melzer, 1930, and Rhinotragus apicalis Guérin-Méneville, 1844 are formally synonymized with R. dorsiger Germar, 1823. Variation in pubescence pattern in Pirangoclytus purus (Bates, 1870) is reported, and the species is recorded for the first time in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Variation in the color of the integument and pubescence in Hemicladus thomsonii Buquet, 1857 is reported, and the species is recorded for the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. New state records are provided for Amorupi fulvoterminata (Berg, 1889), Eclipta vitticollis (Bates, 1873), Steirastoma stellio Pascoe, 1866, Cicuiara nitidula (Bates, 1866), Hesycha inermicollis (Breuning, 1940), and Polyrhaphis gracilis Bates, 1862.
An annotated checklist of cockroaches (Blattodea) from India
Authors: GUPTA SUNIL KUMAR , CHANDRA KAILASH
Published: June 2019

An updated checklist of Cockroaches (Blattodea) of 181 species belonging to 72 genera under 17 subfamilies and 6 families, including 89 endemic species from India have been provided. The study on the diversity of cockroaches globally shows that many species are yet to be discovered, since only 3.8% of the global species are known to India. The states with high number of records are Tamil Nadu (55 spp.), West Bengal (37 spp.), Arunachal Pradesh (25 spp.), Meghalaya & Sikkim (24 spp.) respectively. The dominant families are Blaberidae (83 spp.), Ectobiidae (53 spp.), Blattidae (24 spp.), Corydiidae (17 spp.), Nocticolidae (3 spp.) and Tryonicidae (1 spp.). The state-wise distribution records along with references, synonyms have also been incorporated.
Three new species of the genus Thrips (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) in Japan
Authors: MASUMOTO MASAMI , OKAJIMA SHÛJI
Published: June 2019

A revised key is provided to 33 species of the genus Thrips recorded from Japan, including the descriptions of three new species, T. rhamni, T. shiranensis, T. unisetifer.
Evaluation of Cumulus and Microphysics Parameterizations in WRF across the Convective Gray Zone
Authors: Jeworrek Julia , West Gregory , Stull Roland
Published: June 2019

This study evaluates the grid-length dependency of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model precipitation performance for two cases in the Southern Great Plains of the United States. The aim is to investigate the ability of different cumulus and microphysics parameterization schemes to represent precipitation processes throughout the transition between parameterized and resolved convective scales (e.g., the gray zone). The cases include the following: 1) a mesoscale convective system causing intense local precipitation, and 2) a frontal passage with light but continuous rainfall. The choice of cumulus parameterization appears to be a crucial differentiator in convective development and resulting precipitation patterns in the WRF simulations. Different microphysics schemes produce very similar outcomes, yet some of the more sophisticated schemes have substantially longer run times. This suggests that this additional computational expense does not necessarily provide meaningful forecast improvements, and those looking to run such schemes should perform their own evaluation to determine if this expense is warranted for their application. The best performing cumulus scheme overall for the two cases studies here was the scale-aware Grell–Freitas cumulus scheme. It was able to reproduce a smooth transition from subgrid- (cumulus) to resolved-scale (microphysics) precipitation with increasing resolution. It also produced the smallest errors for the convective event, outperforming the other cumulus schemes in predicting the timing and intensity of the precipitation.
Leader Succession and Civil War
Authors: Kokkonen Andrej , Sundell Anders
Published: June 2019

Leadership succession is a perennial source of instability in autocratic regimes. Despite this, it has remained a curiously understudied phenomenon in political science. In this article, we compile a novel and comprehensive dataset on civil war in Europe and combine it with data on the fate of monarchs in 28 states over 800 years to investigate how autocratic succession affected the risk of civil war. Exploiting the natural deaths of monarchs to identify exogenous variation in successions, we find that successions substantially increased the risk of civil war. The risk of succession wars could, however, be mitigated by hereditary succession arrangements (i.e., primogeniture—the principle of letting the oldest son inherit the throne). When hereditary monarchies replaced elective monarchies in Europe, succession wars declined drastically. Our results point to the importance of the succession, and the institutions governing it, for political stability in autocratic regimes.
A Novel AMELX Mutation, Its Phenotypic Features, and Skewed X Inactivation
Authors: Duan X. , Yang S. , Zhang H. , Wu J. , Zhang Y. , Ji D. , Tie L. , Boerkoel C.F.
Published: June 2019

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a group of genetic disorders of defective dental enamel. Mutation of AMELX encoding amelogenin on the X chromosome is a major cause of AI. Here we report a Chinese family with hypoplastic and hypomineralized AI. Whole exome analysis revealed a novel mutation c.185delC in exon 5 of AMELX causing the frame shift p.Pro62ArgfsTer47 (or p.Pro62Argfs*47). By sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products and T-vector clones, the mutation was confirmed as homozygous in the proband, hemizygous in her father, and heterozygous in her mother. The proband and her father had small and yellowish teeth with thin and rough enamel that was radiographically indistinguishable from the underlying dentin. Scanning electronic microscopy of 1 maternal tooth showed cracks and exposed loosely packed enamel prisms in affected areas. Consistent with a 25:75 skewing of X inactivation in the peripheral blood DNA as measured by androgen receptor allele methylation, the surface of the mother’s tooth had alternating vertical ridges of transparent normal and white chalky enamel in a 34:66 ratio. In summary, this study provides one of the few phenotypic comparisons of hemizygous and homozygous AMELX mutations and suggests that the skewing of X inactivation in AI contributes to the phenotypic variations in heterozygous carriers of X-linked AI.
Barriers to reporting hate crime: A Welsh perspective
Authors: Cuerden Gareth J , Blakemore Brian
Published: June 2019

This study gathered 197 participants, interviewed within 48 hours of being victims of Hate Crime. This immediate follow-up should ensure accurate responses. The responses of the victims were compared to that of 113 Welsh front-line staff who respond to and support such victims. The barriers to reporting are found to be broadly similar with the findings of other UK studies. A considerable difference in understanding of the barriers to reporting hate crime was found between the victims and support services. The main reason given for non-reporting was common: the poor service, attitude and treatment from the police.
Abolitionist Feminism as Prisons Close: Fighting the Racist and Misogynist Surveillance “Child Welfare” System
Authors: Michalsen Venezia
Published: June 2019

The global prison industrial complex was built on Black and brown women’s bodies. This economy will not voluntarily loosen its hold on the bodies that feed it. White carceral feminists traditionally encourage State punishment, while anti-carceral, intersectional feminism recognizes that it empowers an ineffective and racist system. In fact, it is built on the criminalization of women’s survival strategies, creating a “victimization to prison pipeline.” But prisons are not the root of the problem; rather, they are a manifestation of the over-policing of Black women’s bodies, poverty, and motherhood. Such State surveillance will continue unless we disrupt these powerful systems both inside and outside prisons.
Using or abusing? Scrutinising employer demand for temporary sponsored skilled migrants in the Australian hospitality industry
Authors: Wright Chris F , Knox Angela , Constantin Andreea
Published: June 2019

This article analyses the function of temporary sponsored skilled migrants in Australian hospitality, an industry with acute difficulties attracting and retaining skilled workers. Drawing upon survey data, the findings indicate that rather than utilising temporary sponsored skilled migration to source hard skills, as assumed within the extant literature, employers’ recruitment practices are motivated by a desire to source soft skills and labour perceived as relatively controllable, productive and reliable. In explaining these findings, the article develops new insights regarding the dependence of temporary sponsored skilled migrants on their employer sponsors and the industry effects of hospitality. These factors make these workers a relatively more attractive source of labour and shape the nature of employer demand.
Public sector employment relations after the crisis: A comparative case study analysis of UK local authorities
Authors: Johnson Mathew , Rubery Jill , Grimshaw Damian
Published: June 2019

Through a comparative case study analysis of the restructuring practices of six large UK local authorities, this article finds that although macro-level fiscal pressures are a trigger for cutbacks clear differences can be found between local level restructuring ‘bundles’. These differences are explained by the local power dynamics between politicians, trade unions and management. A radical marketisation approach of outsourcing and hostility towards the trade unions at one Conservative-controlled council is contrasted to a political partnership approach at two Labour councils which delivered a living wage and minimised job losses and outsourcing. Two ‘hybrid’ models of incremental marketisation and pragmatic partnership saw the remaining councils trying to balance cost minimisation and stable employment relations by making more incremental changes. However, the cumulative effect of repeated cutbacks could yet prove to be transformative for the public sector.
Dissection of the Trigeminal Ganglion of Nonrodent Species Used in Toxicology Studies
Authors: Howroyd Paul C.
Published: June 2019

The ganglion of the trigeminal (V cranial) nerve is generally sampled at necropsy in nonrodent toxicology studies only when somatic or autonomic peripheral nervous system toxicity is suspected. The ganglion is far more difficult to locate in nonrodents than in rats and mice, and suitable methods to dissect it have been described only for swine. The trigeminal nerve caudal to the ganglion passes through a canal, roofed by bone in dogs and rabbits and by a tough layer of dura mater in swine and nonhuman primates. The ganglion is partly or wholly obscured by overlying dura mater. Of the 3 intracranial branches of the nerve, the ophthalmic is delicate and the maxillary and mandibular have extremely short courses within the cranial cavity. Methods that are practical in routine toxicologic pathology for the dissection of the ganglion in nonrodent laboratory species are illustrated and relevant species differences in the anatomy of the intracranial part of the trigeminal nerve are highlighted.
Variations in Stapes Surgery Cost within a Multihospital Network
Authors: Casazza Geoffrey C. , Thomas Andrew J. , Dewey Jesse , Gurgel Richard K. , Shelton Clough , Meier Jeremy D.
Published: June 2019

Objective

To identify costs and operative times for stapedotomy and evaluate factors influencing cost variation.

Study Design

Case series with cost analysis.

Setting

Multihospital network.

Subjects and Methods

A multihospital network’s standardized activity‐based accounting system was used to determine costs and operative times of all patients undergoing stapedotomy from 2013 to 2017. Subjects with additional procedures were excluded. Correlations between variable factors and cost were calculated by Spearman correlation coefficients. Audiometric and cost data were compared with a Mann‐Whitney U test.

Results

The study cohort included 176 stapedotomies performed by 23 surgeons at 10 hospitals. Mean ± SD patient age was 44.3 ± 17.4 years. Mean cut‐to‐close time was 61.1 ± 23.55 minutes. Mean total encounter cost was $3542.14 ± $1258.78 (US dollars). Significant factors correlating with increased total encounter cost were surgical supply cost (r = 0.74, P <. 0001) and cut‐to‐close time (r = 0.66, P <. 0001). Laser utilization ($563.37 ± $407.41) was the highest‐cost surgical supply, with the carbon dioxide laser being significantly more costly than the potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP; $852.60 vs $230.55, P <. 001). Additionally, the carbon dioxide laser was associated with a significantly higher mean total encounter cost than the KTP laser ($4645.43 vs $2903.00, P <. 001) and cases where no laser was used ($4645.43 vs $2932.47, P <. 001). There was no difference in mean total encounter cost between the KTP laser and cases of no laser use ($2903.00 vs $2932.47, P =. 75).

Conclusions

Significant cost variation exists in stapes surgery. Surgical supply cost, specifically laser use, may be associated with significantly increased costs. Reducing variation in costs while maintaining outcomes may improve health care value.
The Impact of Post‐thyroidectomy Paresis on Quality of Life in Patients with Nodular Thyroid Disease
Authors: Sorensen Jesper Roed , Printz Trine , Iwarsson Jenny , Grøntved Ågot Møller , Døssing Helle , Hegedüs Laszlo , Bonnema Steen Joop , Godballe Christian , Mehlum Camilla Slot
Published: June 2019

Objective

To investigate the impact of postoperative paresis on disease‐specific quality of life (DSQoL) after thyroidectomy in patients with benign nodular thyroid disease.

Study Design

Observational study.

Setting

University hospital.

Subjects and Methods

Patients were evaluated before and 3 weeks and 6 months after surgery in an individual prospective cohort study using videolaryngostroboscopy (VLS), voice range profile, voice handicap index (VHI), multidimensional voice program, maximum phonation time (MPT), and auditory perceptual evaluation. Changes in DSQoL were assessed by the Thyroid‐specific Patient‐Reported Outcome measure. Cohen’s effect size was used to evaluate changes.

Results

Sixty‐two patients were included, 55 of whom completed all examinations. Three weeks after surgery, a blinded VLS examination showed signs of paresis of either the recurrent laryngeal nerve or the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (RLN/EBSLN) in 13 patients (24%). A paresis corresponded to a 12 ± 28 point increase in VHI (P =. 002) and was associated with a significant 4.3 ± 7.5 semitone decrease in the maximum fundamental frequency (P <. 001) and a 5.3 ± 8.2 dB reduction in maximum intensity. Further, it was associated with a 4.5 ± 11.2 second reduction in MPT (P =. 001) and an increase of 0.40 ± 1.19 in grade, 0.42 ± 1.41 in roughness, and 0.36 ± 1.11 in breathiness. Signs of postoperative RLN/EBSLN paresis correlated with an 11.0‐point (P =. 02) poorer improvement in goiter symptoms at both 3 weeks and 6 months after surgery.

Conclusion

Signs of RLN/EBSLN paresis after thyroidectomy were associated with less pronounced improvement in goiter symptoms in patients with thyroid nodular disease. However, thyroidectomy was associated with an overall improved DSQoL by 6 months after surgery.
Music Therapy for Pain and Anxiety Management in Nasal Bone Fracture Reduction: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Ortega Alvaro , Gauna Felipe , Munoz Daniel , Oberreuter Gerardo , Breinbauer Hayo A. , Carrasco Loreto
Published: June 2019

Objective

To evaluate whether listening to music through binaural headphones contributes to the perception of pain and anxiety in patients undergoing closed nasal bone fracture reductions.

Study Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Subjects and Methods

We recruited patients from San Juan de Dios Hospital with displaced nasal fractures who required a reduction and assigned them to a control group or a music group. For both groups, a protocolized closed reduction of the nasal fracture with local anesthesia was performed. The music group heard music through headphones during the pre‐, intra‐, and postprocedural periods of the intervention. Physiological variables (blood pressure and heart rate) were measured. An anxiety survey (State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory) and the visual analog scale for measuring pain were also applied.

Results

The music group exhibited significantly lower levels of systolic blood pressure (P =. 0001), anxiety (P <. 0001), and pain (P =. 0004) than the control group.

Conclusion

Listening to music through headphones—a safe and low‐cost intervention—appears to aid in pain and anxiety management associated with procedures that are usually uncomfortable, such as the reduction of nasal bone fractures with local anesthesia. We believe that this effect is achieved by the modulation of pain and anxiety on an emotional‐affective dimension at a central level. Given its safety, feasibility, and low cost, music therapy should be considered a complementary treatment for pain and anxiety management for nasal fracture reduction performed with local anesthesia, as well as for other medical procedures of similar pain levels conducted without general anesthesia.
Communication between healthcare professionals and relatives of patients approaching the end-of-life: A systematic review of qualitative evidence
Authors: Anderson Rebecca J , Bloch Steven , Armstrong Megan , Stone Patrick C , Low Joseph TS
Published: June 2019

Background:

Effective communication between healthcare professionals and relatives of patients approaching the end-of-life is vital to ensure patients have a ‘good death’. To improve communication, it is important to first identify how this is currently being accomplished.

Aim:

To review qualitative evidence concerning characteristics of communication about prognosis and end-of-life care between healthcare professionals and relatives of patients approaching the end-of-life.

Design:

Qualitative systematic review (PROSPERO registration CRD42017065560) using thematic synthesis. Peer-reviewed, English language articles exploring the content of conversations and how participants communicated were included. No date restrictions were applied. Quality of included studies was appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research.

Data sources:

An electronic database search of CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and EMBASE was performed.

Results:

Thirty-one papers were included. Seven themes were identified: highlighting deterioration; involvement in decision-making, post-decision interactional work, tailoring, honesty and clarity, specific techniques for information delivery and roles of different healthcare professionals. Varied levels of family involvement in decision-making were reported. Healthcare professionals used strategies to aid understanding and collaborative decision-making, such as highlighting the patient’s deterioration, referring to patient wishes and tailoring information delivery. Doctors were regarded as responsible for discussing prognosis and decision-making, and nurses for providing individualized care.

Conclusion:

Findings suggest training could provide healthcare professionals with these strategies to improve communication. Interventions such as question prompt lists could help relatives overcome barriers to involvement in decision-making. Further research is needed to understand communication with relatives in different settings and with different healthcare professionals.
Productivity, crises and imports in the loss of manufacturing jobs
Authors: Moody Kim
Published: June 2019

The massive loss of manufacturing jobs in the United States even as manufacturing output continued to increase has been a source of debate between those who see this primarily as a result of globalization and trade, on one hand, and those for whom the dynamics of capitalism with its economic turbulence, job-displacing technology and productivity increases is the major cause, on the other. It is a debate with political implications. In the United States, those who see trade imbalances as the major cause of job loss compose a broad spectrum including many liberal economists, trade union leaders, related think tanks and the Trump Administration who place the blame on a foreign ‘other’ rather than multinational capital. Supporting this analysis are a series of recent academic articles that largely ignore economic crises and reject productivity, in particular, as reasons for declining manufacturing employment. This article will critically analyse their arguments and propose a different explanation rooted in the turbulence, competition and class conflict inherent in capitalism as these have unfolded in the United States during the neoliberal era.