bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Features of Ischemic Enteritis Diagnosed by Double-Balloon Endoscopy
Authors: Nakamura Masanao , Yamamura Takeshi , Maeda Keiko , Sawada Tsunaki , Mizutani Yasuyuki , Ishikawa Eri , Kakushima Naomi , Furukawa Kazuhiro , Ishikawa Takuya , Ohno Eizaburo , Honda Takashi , Kawashima Hiroki , Ishigami Masatoshi , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Ischemic enteritis (IE) is a relatively rare small bowel disease that is diagnosed via double-balloon endoscopy (DBE), although the lack of established diagnostic criteria can make it difficult to confirm the diagnosis. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, endoscopic imaging features, and treatments for IE at our center. Patients and Methods. We retrospectively searched the DBE database (1,521 patients) at Nagoya University Hospital for patients with IE and collected data regarding endoscopic findings, clinical background, and histological findings. The cases were categorized according to whether they involved transient or stenotic IE. Results. The DBE database included 24 patients (14 men) with IE. Transient IE was identified in 9 patients, and stenotic IE was identified in 15. Half of the patients had a history of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease. A granular structure at the ulcer base was the most frequently observed DBE finding at the stenotic site. Enterography using the contrast medium revealed that transient IE had a similar stenotic lesion length, relative to stenotic IE, although stenotic IE had a significantly higher stenosis ratio (81% vs. 63%,

P
=
0.033

). Small bowel enteroclysis revealed the “lead pipe” sign (11 patients), thumbprinting (3 patients), and the serrated lumen sign (1 patient). Only 1 patient with stenotic IE experienced recurrence after conservative treatment. Conclusion. During DBE, IE was characterized by cannular stenosis with extended and variable ulceration types, which spread over the edge of the stenosis, and a granular appearance at the ulcer base. These findings may help guide the diagnosis of IE.
Topological Structures of Lower and Upper Rough Subsets in a Hyperring
Authors: Abughazalah Nabilah , Yaqoob Naveed , Shahzadi Kiran
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we study the connection between topological spaces, hyperrings (semi-hypergroups), and rough sets. We concentrate here on the topological parts of the lower and upper approximations of hyperideals in hyperrings and semi-hypergroups. We provide the conditions for the boundary of hyp-ideals of a hyp-ring to become the hyp-ideals of hyp-ring.
Moving Toward the Ideal Autologous Adoptive T-cell Therapy for Cancer
Authors: Ladle Brian H.
Published: April 2021

Despite being one of the earliest immunotherapies to prove that the immune system can effectively recognize and eradicate cancer, autologous adoptive T-cell therapies remain largely limited to academic centers and research trials. The highly individualized protocols and the heterogeneous nature of the expanded T-cell products hinder effectiveness, commercial development, and regulatory approvals. The report by Li and colleagues details a novel method of generating cancer-specific autologous T cells from patients receiving anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Their method achieved promising results in four initial patients treated in a pilot study. While further studies are required to characterize the autologous T-cell products generated and their effectiveness in larger cohorts of patients, the protocol they describe addresses several of the roadblocks that have prevented more wide-spread use of autologous adoptive T-cell therapy.

See related article by Li et al., p. 2184
Sweet Syndrome and Secondary Syphilis in a Person with Acute Necrotizing Tonsillitis
Authors: Mishal Joseph , Viner Igor , Livoff Alexandro , Maayan Shlomo , Magen Eli
Published: April 2021

Syphilis has received its classical designation as one of “the great imitators,” reflecting a wide variety of symptoms and presentations, which can cause difficulties in diagnosis. Here we report an unusual case of secondary syphilis in a person with acute necrotizing tonsillitis and Sweet syndrome. A 33-year-old female presented with fever, bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy, tonsillar enlargements with ulcerated pus-filled lesions on the right tonsil, and multiple pseudovesicular, mammillated, edematous plaques on her neck, face, and extremities. Syphilis serology was positive and a skin biopsy demonstrated a neutrophil-rich dermatitis characteristic of Sweet syndrome. The association of Treponema pallidum infection with Sweet syndrome may be a coincidence; nevertheless, our case serves as a reminder that secondary syphilis should remain in the differential diagnosis of the acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis.
A Case Report of BCR-ABL-JAK2-Positive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia with Complete Hematological and Major Molecular Response to Dasatinib
Authors: Ali Elrazi Awadelkarim Hamid , Al-Akiki Susanna , Yassin Mohamed A.
Published: April 2021

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) that harbors the Philadelphia chromosomal translocation resulting in the uncontrolled production of mature granulocytes. Commonly, patients are diagnosed with CML during blood work for other reasons or enlarged spleen. The diagnosis is based on WHO criteria that require the demonstration of Philadelphia chromosome. Typically, JAK2 mutation is not found in BCR-ABL1-positive MPN (CML). Most patients with CML are JAK2 negative. It is rare for CML Philadelphia-positive patients to have a coexisting JAK2 mutation. Little is known regarding the effect of JAK2 mutation on the disease course of CML, the complications, and the response to treatment. We report the case of a 57-year-old man with no previous medical illness who presented with elevated white blood cell count on perioperative assessment for hernial repair; on further workup, he was diagnosed with Philadelphia-positive CML. He was found to have JAK2 mutation and was started on treatment with dasatinib and achieved hematological and cytogenetic remission with loss of the JAK2 mutation. Patients with JAK2-positive BCR-ABL-positive CML had a good hematological and cytogenetic response to dasatinib. In such rare coexistence of JAK and BCR-ABL, dasatinib is a good option due to multi-kinase activity.
Efficacy of Individualized Homeopathic Medicines in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in Adults: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Preliminary Trial
Authors: Dey Samit , Shaikh Abdur Rahaman , Saha Sangita , Agrawal Ekta , Gautam Ashish Kumar , Karuppusamy Avaranjika , Sadhukhan Satarupa , Dutta Souvik , Ali Sk. Swaif , Basu Anamika , Koley Munmun , Saha Subhranil
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Individualized homeopathy (IH) in atopic dermatitis (AD) remained under-researched. Objective: We aimed at evaluating efficacy of IH in AD. Methods: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, short-term, preliminary trial was conducted in an Indian homeopathy hospital. Patients were randomized to either IH (n = 30) or identical-looking placebo (n = 30) using computerized randomization and allocation. Outcomes were patient-oriented scoring of AD (PO-SCORAD; primary end point), Dermatological Life Quality Index (DLQI) score, and AD burden score for adults (ADBSA; secondary end points), measured monthly for 3 months. An intention-to-treat sample was analyzed after adjusting baseline differences. Results: On PO-SCORAD, improvement was higher in IH against placebo, but nonsignificant statistically (pmonth 1 = 0.433, pmonth 2 = 0.442, pmonth 3 = 0.229). Secondary outcomes were also nonsignificant – both DLQI and ADBSA (p > 0.05). Four adverse events (diarrhea, injury, common cold) were recorded. Conclusions: There was a small, but nonsignificant direction of effect towards homeopathy, which renders the trial inconclusive. A properly powered robust trial is indicated.
The population of donkeys and mules in Brazil according to agricultural censuses from 1960 to 2017
Authors: Queiroz Mariana Ramos , Gameiro Mariana Bombo Perozzi , Zanella Adroaldo José
Published: April 2021

To better understand and manage the population of donkeys and mules, it is essential to know information about its size. In developing countries, these animals are often used as working animals, mainly by poor populations in agricultural and livestock labor, but their use is decreasing in Brazil. Brazilian official data regarding donkeys and mules started to be measured at the agricultural census of 1960 and, from that time, eight agricultural censuses were published. But until the writing of this paper, no scientific paper was dedicated to the analysis of the results of the official agricultural censuses on the population of donkeys and mules in Brazil. Thus, we aim to compile and analyze the official Brazilian data from 1960 until 2017 to enhance the actions of stakeholders, researchers, and decision-makers concerned with Brazilian donkeys and mules.
Ensino-Aprendizagem Por Meio de Vivências com Povos Indígenas
Authors: Machado Jorge , Ataíde Maíra Teixeira de , Ferreira Carlos Henrique
Published: April 2021

Este texto aporta uma experiência de docência e extensão que se desenvolve há 6 anos e que tem se mostrado exitosa, envolvendo aprendizado teórico e prático, culminando com vivência imersiva em território indígena Guarani Aldeia Rio Silveiras. Fazemos aqui uma análise da abordagem didática da disciplina que combina aprendizagem em sala de aula, com convidados indígenas e docentes afeitos à temática, componentes da etapa preparatória ao campo; e metodologia de aprendizagem ativa, destinada a atividade prática de execução de projetos na aldeia durante a vivência. O objetivo final é o aprendizado e a sensibilização do participante e o despertar da consciência crítica a respeito da diversidade cultural e dos saberes ancestrais, explorando aspectos emocionais e de profundos aprendizados através do convívio dentro do modo de vida guarani (Nhanderekó).
A Efetividade do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos como Política de Combate à Pobreza
Authors: Henig Edir Vilmar
Published: April 2021

O presente trabalho busca discutir brevemente as relações que o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos da Agricultura Familiar tem enquanto política pública no combater a fome, bem como à desigualdade e a pobreza. Para tanto analisamos a perspectiva da construção histórica da desigualdade e da pobreza no Brasil, as políticas públicas que são resultado das ações do Estado como objetivo de atender a população e posteriormente, colocamos em discussão o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos enquanto política social que visa promover a agricultura familiar. Para tanto, usamos como referência autores e pesquisadores que possuem ampla experiência nesta discussão, além de utilizarmos legislação e dados oficiais para o embasamento do debate. Temos como consideração a se levar em conta, que a iniciativa do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos é importante, mas que necessita sua desburocratização e maior iniciativa dos promotores da política.
O Território Invisível: Quilombo São Roque "Os Filhos da Pedra Branca", Praia Grande, SC, Brasil
Authors: Carmo Gabriela Mariane dos Santos , Silva Naiara Machado da , Hernandez Aline Reis Calvo
Published: April 2021

Este artigo discute as concepções de território e territorialidade da comunidade quilombola São Roque. O recorte geográfico da pesquisa são as terras da comunidade rural, formada por descendentes de escravos, remanescentes de São Roque, localizada no extremo sul do estado de Santa Catarina, limítrofe ao estado do Rio Grande do Sul. São Roque é cenário do impasse socioambiental oriundo da sobreposição das terras pertencentes historicamente à comunidade afrodescendente a partir da implementação dos Parques Nacionais de Aparados da Serra e Serra Geral. A discussão embasa-se em estudos desenvolvidos sobre a comunidade, sua identidade, seus saberes situados e emergentes, dados secundários ou metadados, a partir de diferentes abordagens sobre território e territorialidade. O artigo propõe-se a dar visibilidade às comunidades quilombolas, em especial à comunidade São Roque, a fim de ampliar o debate em torno da luta e da memória política dessas populações pelo direito à terra, além de contribuir nas discussões acerca dos processos agrários brasileiros que são responsáveis pelos territórios invisíveis em relação ao fomento das políticas públicas nacionais
Pensando os Arranjos Intermunicipais no Combate à Desigualdade: um estudo de quatro consórcios
Authors: Laczynski Patricia
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho objetiva responder a duas perguntas: será que os consórcios são arranjos regionais possíveis de efetivarem políticas de combate à desigualdade? Serão os consórcios capazes de pensar a governança intermunicipal, a partir da redistribuição? Como o Brasil é um dos campeões de desigualdade, procurou-se aprofundar a discussão prática da desigualdade e procurar caminhos a partir das sub regiões de se implementar políticas redistributivas. O objeto de análise da pesquisa são os consórcios intermunicipais.  Metodologicamente, foram realizados estudos de quatro consórcios nas áreas de desenvolvimento e saúde. Conclui-se que os consórcios são capazes de implementar políticas quase-redistributivas, uma vez que suas ações beneficiam um grupo muito grande da sociedade, mas o custo não se origina de outro grupo social específico, mas de toda uma região.
Notas Sobre Interdisciplinaridade, Implementação e Construção de Problemas em Políticas Públicas
Authors: Gonçalves Ingrid Rodrigues
Published: April 2021

Nesse texto, dialogamos com uma questão disparadora, a qual faz parte do cotidiano administrativo de organizações públicas e privadas: deferir ou indeferir? Partimos dessa questão e deslocamos a discussão, para pensar com elementos do Campo de Públicas, área de pesquisas e atuação na qual há modos diversos de pensar o planejamento, a formulação e a implementação. Buscamos indagar como peculiaridades, vulnerabilidades, convergências, divergências, dentre outras características não elencadas previamente nos planejamentos, poderiam ser consideradas da formulação à implementação de políticas públicas. Destacamos a importância da interdisciplinaridade, da implementação, dos efeitos dos processos decisórios e das singularidades locais para delinear planos e problemas em políticas públicas. Nesse texto, trazemos notas acerca do que pensamos tratar-se de um modo de pensar as políticas públicas que faz as fronteiras “dançarem”, que constrói territórios entre, no qual “bailam” estruturas e movimentos, objetivos prévios e contingências, visando proposições “transfronteiriças”, afeitas ao bem-estar coletivo e ao respeito às diferentes dinâmicas e culturas locais.
O Processo de Elaboração dos Planos de Ação em Governo Aberto do Município de São Paulo
Authors: Lima Fernanda Nascimento , Bitelli Fábio Molinari
Published: April 2021

O artigo apresenta brevemente o conceito de governo aberto e a sua implementação na Prefeitura de São Paulo, o que culminou com o ingresso do município na Parceria para Governo Aberto (OGP - tradução de Open Government Partnership), resultando no processo de construção dos primeiro e segundo planos de ação em Governo Aberto, em 2016 e 2018, respectivamente. Em seguida, estabeleceu-se um comparativo entre os Planos, com destaque aos pontos de amadurecimento do processo, bem como de incongruências entre os atores envolvidos, a fim de conjecturar o quanto alguns elementos das metodologias utilizadas influenciaram no teor dos compromissos construídos e assumidos pela Prefeitura. Baseado, essencialmente, em documentos que tratam do processo de construção (planos de ação e relatório de avaliação) disponibilizados pela Prefeitura de São Paulo e pela OGP, o artigo também faz considerações acerca de questões metodológicas passíveis de discussão e reformulação.
Educação Capitalista: um produto rentável na sociedade contemporânea
Authors: Caetano Allan Felippe Rodrigues , Moraes Erick Herzog de , Freire Thamires Batello
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo pensar a educação superior do estado de São Paulo diante do influente sistema capitalista. O modo como ele vem modelando práticas educativas no ensino superior é uma questão crítica devido a ‘’coisificação’’ do ser em prol da manutenção dos ideais do capitalismo. O ponto de partida para tal reflexão inicia-se sob os pilares da educação grega, perpassando pela modernização da educação ocidental durante a revolução industrial que por fim, culmina em questões atuais sobre a comercialização do ensino superior. Para fundamentar algumas indagações contemporâneas, serão utilizadas como referencial teórico dados disponibilizados pelo Instituto Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa – INEP, referente ao número de cursos de graduação presencial no estado de São Paulo, assim como, a quantidade de matrículas efetuadas por alunos do sexo masculino e feminino, além da quantidade de concluintes dentre os mesmos durante o período de 1991 a 2015. A conclusão substancial desse exercício reflexivo evidencia que desde os primórdios da educação grega, o sistema educacional, apesar de apresentar uma proposta humanística e integral, era acessível somente aos nobres. Durante a revolução industrial a educação passou a ser oferecida as grandes massas com o propósito de formar mão de obra mercadológica, da qual ainda observamos uma forte tendência segundo os modelos atuais de educação comercial. Propomos assim, a importância de retomar valores éticos exclusivamente humanos, como o respeito ao todo e a identidade dos indivíduos, além da possibilidade de oferecer uma formação justa que não segregue ou subtraia as potencialidades dos alunos.
Influência da Qualificação Permanente no Atendimento do Serviço Público: as adversidades e implicações
Authors: Freitas Alana Sardinha
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a influencia da qualificação permanente no atendimento do serviço público, as adversidades e implicações no âmbito da Gestão Municipal, é uma revisão bibliográfica fundamentada em autores como Sylvia Zanella Di Pietro (2015), Hely Lopes Meirelles (2009), Celso Antônio Bandeira de Mello (2010) que apresentam conceitos distintos sobre serviço publico. Também aborda alguns princípios com bases constitucionais, e apresentam determinados aspectos pertinentes à qualidade no atendimento do serviço público. Sendo indispensável utilizar da Gestão estratégica como ferramenta de proficiência e Gestão de competências que possibilitem melhorias no atendimento, através de aperfeiçoamento, desenvolvimento novas habilidades que resultem num serviço de qualidade. É importante salientar que vivemos em constante processo de mudança, de acordo com (CHIAVANATO, 2005), o mercado de trabalho segue esta dinâmica, o que também é um desafio para os profissionais que atuam no atendimento do serviço público. Assim, concluímos que a influencia da qualificação permanente é um processo que precisa ser considerado pelas organizações públicas, através de treinamentos, assegurando os princípios constitucionais, a motivação, as relações interpessoais, a busca de diferentes estratégias, e a valorização de competências. O que evidencia o desenvolvimento organizacional, a melhoria no âmbito da Gestão Municipal, e admite um atendimento no serviço publico mais eficiente, eficaz com ênfase na qualidade dos serviços prestados a sociedade.
COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Chung Mina K. , Zidar David A. , Bristow Michael R. , Cameron Scott J. , Chan Timothy , Harding Clifford V. , Kwon Deborah H. , Singh Tamanna , Tilton John C. , Tsai Emily J. , Tucker Nathan R. , Barnard John , Loscalzo Joseph
Published: April 2021

A pandemic of historic impact, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has potential consequences on the cardiovascular health of millions of people who survive infection worldwide. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of COVID-19, can infect the heart, vascular tissues, and circulating cells through ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), the host cell receptor for the viral spike protein. Acute cardiac injury is a common extrapulmonary manifestation of COVID-19 with potential chronic consequences. This update provides a review of the clinical manifestations of cardiovascular involvement, potential direct SARS-CoV-2 and indirect immune response mechanisms impacting the cardiovascular system, and implications for the management of patients after recovery from acute COVID-19 infection.
On the Achievability of Blind Source Separation for High-Dimensional Nonlinear Source Mixtures
Authors: Isomura Takuya , Toyoizumi Taro
Published: April 2021

For many years, a combination of principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) has been used for blind source separation (BSS). However, it remains unclear why these linear methods work well with real-world data that involve nonlinear source mixtures. This work theoretically validates that a cascade of linear PCA and ICA can solve a nonlinear BSS problem accurately—when the sensory inputs are generated from hidden sources via nonlinear mappings with sufficient dimensionality. Our proposed theorem, termed the asymptotic linearization theorem, theoretically guarantees that applying linear PCA to the inputs can reliably extract a subspace spanned by the linear projections from every hidden source as the major components—and thus projecting the inputs onto their major eigenspace can effectively recover a linear transformation of the hidden sources. Then subsequent application of linear ICA can separate all the true independent hidden sources accurately. Zero-element-wise-error nonlinear BSS is asymptotically attained when the source dimensionality is large and the input dimensionality is sufficiently larger than the source dimensionality. Our proposed theorem is validated analytically and numerically. Moreover, the same computation can be performed by using Hebbian-like plasticity rules, implying the biological plausibility of this nonlinear BSS strategy. Our results highlight the utility of linear PCA and ICA for accurately and reliably recovering nonlinearly mixed sources and suggest the importance of employing sensors with sufficient dimensionality to identify true hidden sources of real-world data.
Online Mental Fatigue Monitoring via Indirect Brain Dynamics Evaluation
Authors: Pan Yuangang , Tsang Ivor W. , Lyu Yueming , Singh Avinash K. , Lin Chin-Teng
Published: April 2021

Driver mental fatigue leads to thousands of traffic accidents. The increasing quality and availability of low-cost electroencephalogram (EEG) systems offer possibilities for practical fatigue monitoring. However, non-data-driven methods, designed for practical, complex situations, usually rely on handcrafted data statistics of EEG signals. To reduce human involvement, we introduce a data-driven methodology for online mental fatigue detection: self-weight ordinal regression (SWORE). Reaction time (RT), referring to the length of time people take to react to an emergency, is widely considered an objective behavioral measure for mental fatigue state. Since regression methods are sensitive to extreme RTs, we propose an indirect RT estimation based on preferences to explore the relationship between EEG and RT, which generalizes to any scenario when an objective fatigue indicator is available. In particular, SWORE evaluates the noisy EEG signals from multiple channels in terms of two states: shaking state and steady state. Modeling the shaking state can discriminate the reliable channels from the uninformative ones, while modeling the steady state can suppress the task-nonrelevant fluctuation within each channel. In addition, an online generalized Bayesian moment matching (online GBMM) algorithm is proposed to online-calibrate SWORE efficiently per participant. Experimental results with 40 participants show that SWORE can maximally achieve consistent with RT, demonstrating the feasibility and adaptability of our proposed framework in practical mental fatigue estimation.
Noise Robust Projection Rule for Klein Hopfield Neural Networks
Authors: Kobayashi Masaki
Published: April 2021

Multistate Hopfield models, such as complex-valued Hopfield neural networks (CHNNs), have been used as multistate neural associative memories. Quaternion-valued Hopfield neural networks (QHNNs) reduce the number of weight parameters of CHNNs. The CHNNs and QHNNs have weak noise tolerance by the inherent property of rotational invariance. Klein Hopfield neural networks (KHNNs) improve the noise tolerance by resolving rotational invariance. However, the KHNNs have another disadvantage of self-feedback, a major factor of deterioration in noise tolerance. In this work, the stability conditions of KHNNs are extended. Moreover, the projection rule for KHNNs is modified using the extended conditions. The proposed projection rule improves the noise tolerance by a reduction in self-feedback. Computer simulations support that the proposed projection rule improves the noise tolerance of KHNNs.
Gender issues in fundamental physics: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Strumia Alessandro
Published: April 2021

I analyze bibliometric data about fundamental physics worldwide from 1970 to now, extracting quantitative data about gender issues. I do not find significant gender differences in hiring rates, hiring timing, career gaps and slowdowns, abandonment rates, citation, and self-citation patterns. Furthermore, various bibliometric indicators (number of fractionally counted papers, citations, etc.) exhibit a productivity gap at hiring moments, at career level, and without integrating over careers. The gap persists after accounting for confounding factors and manifests as an increasing fraction of male authors going from average to top authors in terms of bibliometric indices, with a quantitative shape that can be fitted by higher male variability.
A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia
Authors: LARSON HELEN K. , HAMMER MICHAEL P.
Published: April 2021

The tridentigerine genus Pseudogobius is widespread, from temperate to tropical areas of the Indo-west Pacific. A morphological review of the genus was carried out, with the initial focus on South-east Asian and Australian species. There are about 21 nominal species in the genus; however, the type specimens for some nominal species are missing. Our work recognises 15 valid species so far, including seven new species, which are described herein: P. aquilonius n. sp., P. cinctus n. sp., P. eos n. sp., P. hoesei n. sp., P. jeffi n. sp., P. rhizophora n. sp. and P. verticalis n. sp. We also conclude that P. poicilosoma (Bleeker, 1849) is the senior synonym of P. javanicus (Bleeker, 1856). Pseudogobius poicilosoma, P. gastrospilos (Bleeker, 1853) and P. javanicus are accepted here as conspecific, although the types are in poor condition (note that all three names were given to specimens collected within close proximity to each other in coastal Java, Indonesia). A key to valid species is presented. The revision benefited from an adaptive feedback loop with companion genetic analyses, with the most comprehensive data available for the Australian region. Broader preliminary genetic data suggest the potential for recognition of additional cryptic species, with the current study providing a platform for future systematic work. Pseudogobius are a prominent part of estuarine biodiversity in the Indo-west Pacific, and this study helps to highlight the need to better understand the taxonomy and conservation requirements of cryptobenthic fishes.
A Case Report of Breast Implant–Associated Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma in a PALB2 Mutation–Positive Woman
Authors: Bonev Valentina
Published: April 2021

Breast implant–associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare peripheral T-cell lymphoma composed of anaplastic pleomorphic T cells. The first case was reported in 1997 but was not recognized until 2016 by the World Health Organization. The exact incidence is unknown but is estimated to be 0.1 to 0.3 per 100,000 women with implants. Almost every case has been found in women with textured breast implants. The median time of onset after implantation is 10.7 years. Patients presenting with localized disease, most commonly manifesting as breast enlargement, can be managed solely with surgical resection and have a 100% survival rate. This report describes a PALB2 mutation–positive woman with a strong family history of breast cancer who underwent prophylactic bilateral nipple-sparing mastectomy with textured silicone implant placement. She was diagnosed with BIA-ALCL less than 4 years later after seroma aspiration. She was treated with implant removal and capsulectomy; but, surprisingly, final surgical pathology did not show any malignancy.
The Assessment of Regional Liver Function Before Major Hepatectomy Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Kudo Masashi , Gotohda Naoto , Sugimoto Motokazu , Konishi Masaru , Takahashi Shinichiro , Kobayashi Shin , Kobayashi Tatsushi
Published: April 2021

Background

The liver-to-spleen signal intensity ratio (LSR) on magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid has been used as a parameter to assess liver function. LSR of the future remnant liver region (FR-LSR) is included in preoperative assessment of regional liver function. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictability of post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) by FR-LSR.

Methods

Between May 2013 and May 2019, 127 patients underwent standardized EOB-MRI for diagnosis of liver tumor before major hepatectomy. The FR-LSR on EOB-MRI was calculated by a semiautomated three-dimensional volumetric analysis system. The cutoff value of FR-LSR in association with clinically relevant PHLF was determined according to the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves. Then, FR-LSR and clinical variables were analyzed to assess the risk of clinically relevant PHLF.

Results

In patients with preoperative biliary drainage, metastatic liver tumor, estimated future remnant liver volume <50%, biliary reconstruction, operation time ≥ 480 min, estimated blood loss ≥ 1000 g, blood transfusion and a FR-LSR < 2.00 were associated with clinically relevant PHLF ( P < .05 for all) in univariable analysis. The liver-to-spleen signal intensity ratio of the future remnant liver region < 2.00 was the only independent risk factor for clinically relevant PHLF in multivariable risk analysis (OR, 27.90; 95% CI: 7.99-136.40; P < .05).

Discussion

The present study revealed that FR-LSR calculated using a 3-dimensional volumetric analysis system was an independent risk factor for clinically relevant PHLF. The liver-to-spleen signal intensity ratio of the future remnant liver region might be a reliable preoperative parameter in liver functional assessment, enabling safe performance of major hepatectomy.
Developing Leadership Talent in Adolescents and Emerging Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Meyer Melanie S. , Rinn Anne N.
Published: April 2021

Leadership talent development has been identified as a priority in national and state standards for gifted education. However, leadership programs in schools are not always supported by mandates or funding in individual states and implementation is not always feasible within the constraints of local gifted service models. Although some research has been devoted to leadership for gifted and high-ability adolescents and emerging adults, a limited number of studies on the identification, measurement, and development of leadership talent have been conducted. This systematic review of literature examined existing research on leadership talent development for adolescents and emerging adults. A database search identified 38 quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies that were screened, summarized, and synthesized for discussion. The review highlighted research contexts, definitions of leadership, and themes that captured the recommendations researchers made across studies. Implications for developing leadership talent and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Experimental study and numerical simulation of temperature gradient effect for steel-concrete composite bridge deck
Authors: Wang Da , Tan Benkun , Wang Xie , Zhang Zhenhao
Published: April 2021

The temperature distribution of the bridge and its thermal effect has always been an important issue for researchers. To investigate the temperature distribution and thermal stress in the steel-concrete composite bridge deck, a 1:4 ratio temperature gradient effect experimental study was carried out in this paper. First, a set of experimental equipment for laboratory temperature gradient loading was designed based on the principle of temperature gradient caused by solar radiation, the temperature gradient obtained from the measurements were compared with the specifications and verified by the FE method. Next, the loading of the steel-concrete composite deck at different temperatures was performed. The thermal stress response and change trend of the simply supported and continuously constrained boundary conditions under different temperature loads were analyzed. The experimental results show that the vertical temperature of steel-concrete composite bridge deck is nonlinear, which is consistent with the temperature gradient trend of specifications. The vertical temperature gradient has a great influence on the steel-concrete composite bridge deck under different constraints, and the extreme stress of concrete slab and steel beam is almost linear with the temperature gradient. Finally, some suggestions for steel-concrete composite deck design were provided based on the research results.
Behind the screen of voluntary psychiatric hospital admissions: A qualitative exploration of treatment pressures and informal coercion in experiences of patients in Italy, Poland and the United Kingdom
Authors: Klingemann Justyna , Świtaj Piotr , Lasalvia Antonio , Priebe Stefan
Published: April 2021

Background:

Despite the extensive research and intense debate on coercion in psychiatry we have seen in recent years, little is still known about formally voluntarily admitted patients, who experience high levels of perceived coercion during their admission to a psychiatric hospital.

Aims:

The purpose of the present research was to explore forms of treatment pressure put on patients, not only by clinicians, but also by patients’ relatives, during admission to psychiatric hospitals in Italy, Poland and the United Kingdom.

Methods:

Data were obtained via in-depth, semi-structured interviews with patients ( N = 108) diagnosed with various mental disorders (ICD-10: F20–F49) hospitalised in psychiatric inpatient wards. Maximum variation sampling was applied to ensure the inclusion of patients with different socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. The study applied a common methodology to secure comparability and consistency across participating countries. The qualitative data from each country were transcribed verbatim, coded and subjected to theoretical thematic analysis.

Results:

The results of the analysis confirm that the legal classifications of involuntary and voluntary hospitalisation do not capture the fundamental distinctions between patients who are and are not coerced into treatment. Our findings show that the level of perceived coercion in voluntary patients ranges from ‘persuasion’ and ‘interpersonal leverage’ (categorised as treatment pressures) to ‘threat’, ‘someone else’s decisions’ and ‘violence’ (categorised as informal coercion).

Conclusion:

We suggest that the term ‘treatment pressures’ be applied to techniques for convincing patients to follow a suggested course of treatment by offering advice and support in getting professional help, as well as using emotional arguments based on the personal relationship with the patient. In turn, we propose to reserve the term ‘informal coercion’ to describe practices for pressuring patients into treatment by threatening them, by making them believe that they have no choice, and by taking away their power to make autonomous decisions.
Blueprint for interracial solidarity: C. L. R. James’s Mariners, Renegades, and Castaways as prison writing
Authors: Yoshida Yutaka
Published: April 2021

Trinidadian thinker and activist C. L. R. James penned a criticism of Herman Melville’s work, Mariners, Renegades, and Castaways, while incarcerated in Ellis Island, New York, in the early 1950s. I investigate how the contradictory claims on labour and race, literary analysis, and communism in the last chapter come from what I call the prison–detention continuum: a historical continuity allocated to prison and detention facilities despite an overt difference between the two. The distinction survived so as to maintain racial classification and labour force from the times of slavery and plantation to the Cold War era. The physical statuses of those incarcerated were insecure when the McCarran–Walter Act legalized ideological surveillance and accelerated racism inside and outside the carceral spaces. In his book on Melville, James clarifies the difference between prison and detention by emphasizing labour’s role in Ellis Island. He situates his personal experience of maltreatment of his ulcer as a structural issue, produced by the way the officers obey their authorities without any principle. To foreground the docile individuals in the totalitarian society, he compares the inmates and officers on Ellis Island with the shipmates of the Pequod in Moby Dick. Furthermore, he regards that if labour is racialized, it will necessarily culminate in revolt. I argue that James’s reference to the Korean War POWs on Koje Island prefigures an interracial solidarity that becomes visible after the Bandung Conference of 1955.
Mulch films based on poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/carnauba wax/sugar cane residue: Effects on soil temperature and moisture
Authors: Oliveira Thainá Araújo de , Mousinho Francisco Edinaldo Pinto , Barbosa Renata , Carvalho Laura Hecker de , Alves Tatianny Soares
Published: April 2021

Polymers were introduced in agriculture in the 1950s and, nowadays, mulching is one of major applications of plastics in this sector. In the last decades, difficulties in recovery of non-degradable plastic films have prompted the intense use of biodegradable mulch films. Therefore, the aim of this work was to develop mulch films based on a biodegradable polymer (poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)), sugarcane and carnauba wax. Mulch films containing 2.5 and 5.0% of sugarcane residue, with and without 2% w/w carnauba wax were prepared by flat extrusion. To evaluate the performance of mulch films during application to the soil, they were maintained for 60 days under real conditions of use. During this period, the temperature and humidity of the soil protected by mulch were measured. In addition, the chemical, physical and morphological properties of the films, after weathering, were determined. Results show that the mulch films developed have promising properties. When larger moisture retention is needed, PBAT mulch films containing 2.5% and 5.0% sugarcane residue are the most indicated and, when higher temperatures are demanded, PBAT mulch films containing carnauba wax and 2.5% and 5.0% residue are the best option. After being exposed to high temperatures and moisture, the mulch films photo degraded and their transmittance was reduced. Besides, the sugarcane residue added to the polymer swelled, which led to breakage of the polymeric matrix.
Understanding the Characteristics and Predictors of Student Involvement in IEP Meetings
Authors: Sanderson Kelli A. , Goldman Samantha E.
Published: April 2021

Individualized Education Program (IEP) meetings are an important component of special education; however, few students actually attend and meaningfully participate in their meetings. Using a large-scale national survey, this study examined student attendance and participation at IEP meetings and the predictors of these outcomes. Respondents were 1,183 parents of students with disabilities across all grade levels. Results indicated that only a third of students attended their most recent IEP meeting. Most students who did attend their meeting were not actively participating. Results from a factor analysis of participatory behaviors challenge previous conceptualizations of student participation. Predictors of student involvement included strength of the parent–teacher partnership, as well as certain student characteristics related to grade and disability type. Implications are discussed.
Residents’ Cognitive Appraisals, Emotions, and Coping Strategies at Local Dark Tourism Sites
Authors: Jordan Evan J. , Prayag Girish
Published: April 2021

While tourist emotions elicited at dark tourism sites are well understood, little is known about residents’ experiences at local dark tourism sites. This study explores residents’ emotional experiences at dark tourism sites, the cognitive appraisals of their experiences and emotions, and the coping strategies they deploy to address them. In-depth interviews with 37 residents of Christchurch, New Zealand (site of the Canterbury earthquakes), reveal that residents cognitively appraised their experience at local dark tourism sites on important facets such as centrality and controllability. Visits to local dark tourism sites embodied memories of the disaster that elicit more negative (e.g., sadness) than positive emotions (e.g., gratefulness). Residents coped through seeking comfort from others or positive reappraisal of the experience. Furthermore, visits to dark tourism sites are in and of themselves a coping strategy for residents postdisaster. Implications for the development of dark tourism attractions and support for resident well-being are offered.
“Jumping the Shark”: An Interdisciplinary Activity for Engaging Students With the Principles of Bivariate Regression
Authors: Watson Todd D.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Student anxiety about statistics may lead to poorer learning outcomes.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate an exercise designed to teach students in an introductory statistics class the principles of bivariate regression and to emphasize how statistical tools used by psychologists are also implemented in other fields.

Method:

Students used a published model on the relationship between tooth size and the length of great white sharks to estimate the length of extinct sharks and to explore factors that could affect the accuracy or validity of regression analyses. Data from an anonymous self-report scale were used to assess the activity.

Results:

More than 95% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the activity was engaging, approximately 95% of students agreed or strongly agreed that the activity helped them learn about factors that can lead to problems with bivariate correlation/regression, and approximately 91% of respondents correctly answered a question designed to assess basic content acquisition.

Conclusion:

Feedback data suggest that the exercise was successful in achieving its content and process learning goals.

Teaching Implications:

Implementation of similar exercises may improve student engagement and outcomes in psychology statistics courses.
Reservoir characteristics and effective development technology in typical low-permeability to ultralow-permeability reservoirs of China National Petroleum Corporation
Authors: Li Xizhe , Yang Zhengming , Li Shujun , Huang Wei , Zhan Jianfei , Lin Wei
Published: April 2021

Low-permeability to ultralow-permeability reservoirs of the China National Petroleum Corporation are crucial to increase the reserve volumes and the production of crude oil in the present and future times. This study aimed to address the two major technical bottlenecks faced by the low-permeability to ultralow-permeability reservoirs by a comprehensive use of technologies and methods such as rate-controlled mercury injection, nuclear magnetic resonance, conventional logging, physical simulation, numerical simulation, and field practices. The reservoir characteristics of low-permeability to ultralow-permeability reservoirs were first analyzed. The water flooding development adjustment mode in the middle and high water-cut stages for the low-permeability to ultralow-permeability reservoirs, where water is injected along the fracture zone and lateral displacement were established. The formation mechanism and distribution principles of dynamic fractures, residual oil description, and expanding sweep volume were studied. The development mode for Type II ultralow-permeability reservoirs with a combination of horizontal well and volume fracturing was determined; this led to a significant improvement in the initial stages of single-well production. The volume fracturing core theory and optimization design, horizontal well trajectory optimization adjustment, horizontal well injection-production well pattern optimization, and horizontal well staged fracturing suitable for reservoirs with different characteristics were developed. This understanding of the reservoir characteristics and the breakthrough of key technologies for effective development will substantially support the oil-gas valent weight of the Changqing Oilfield to exceed 50 million tons per year, the stable production of the Daqing Oilfield with 40 million tons per year (oil-gas valent weight), and the realization of 20 million tons per year (oil-gas valent weight) in the Xinjiang Oilfield.
Dynamic Principal Market Determination: Fair Value Measurement of Cryptocurrency
Authors: Beigman Eyal , Brennan Gerard , Hsieh Sheng-Feng , Sannella Alexander J.
Published: April 2021

Cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology are disruptive innovations at the vanguard of a new wave of the digital revolution. The far-reaching appeal, global reach, unprecedented mobility of capital, and multitude of trading venues have created a marketplace like no other. The economic fundamentals underlying this market are yet to be fully comprehended, as evidenced by the often-contradicting guidelines recommended by accounting firms, government agencies, and standard setters. Many of the definitions and models used for classical markets cannot be applied directly to cryptocurrency. Basic concepts must be reinterpreted, and models must be modified to fit the mechanics of these markets. In this article, we focus on one such concept: that of fair value. We argue that in light of the fragmentation of cryptocurrency markets and the global dispersion of trading venues, a principal market may be difficult to identify. The primary objective of this article is to present a methodology to dynamically designate principal markets and derive fair value prices for financial reporting using this designation.