bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Tobacco use Among the Students in Professional and Non-Professional Colleges of Mathura City
Authors: Chaudhary A , Dhanker K , Ingle NA , Kaur N
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Tobacco in general is used as smoking and smokeless tobacco forms. These tobacco products are the global public health hazard for the health in general and oral health in particular.

Aim

To find the prevalence of tobacco use among the professional and non-professional college students of Mathura city.

Material and Methods

A cross sectional study carried out in Mathura city to assess the prevalence of tobacco use among the college students in the age group of 15 to 30 years (N= 1478). Students were grouped as professional (N=500) and non professional (N= 978). Structured pretested proforma was used to assess the prevalence of tobacco use. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using Chi-Square test, ANOVA and PostHoc Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05).

Results

The subjects found to consume tobacco were 40%,whereas 60% were non-users.

Conclusion

It was concluded that tobacco use was higher among males as compared to females. The college years are a crucial period in the development or abandonment of adverse habits like tobacco use. Tobacco use in this group should be monitored closely, and young adults should be included in all tobacco control efforts.
Small Cell Neuroendocrine Tumor of Base of Tongue - Treatment Strategies of A Rare Entity
Authors: Singh S , Khurana A , Kaur P , Chauhan AK , Sen R
Published: July 2019

Neuroendocrine tumors are rare in head and neck region, while larynx is the most common site of presentation where they represent 0.5-1.0% of epithelial tumor, whereas only few cases of small cell neuroendocrine tumor of base of tongue has been reported so far. A 56-year old male presented with growth base of tongue. After through investigations the growth confirmed as a case of poorly differentiated high grade small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and was clinically labeled as stage III (T3N0M0). The patient was treated with radiotherapy and combination chemotherapy. Presently the patient is having stable disease without any symptoms.
Views of Indian Dental Students on Tobacco Cessation Counseling and Their Skills as Counselors
Authors: Jain V , Sharma A , Arora K , Jain M , Akhilandan S , Sohlot US
Published: July 2019

Objectives

This study aimed to determine Indian dental students’ views on tobacco cessation counselling, their skills as counsellors and the barriers faced by them.

Methods

A questionnaire study was conducted among 182 dental students in dental colleges of Faridabad, India. Significant differences among responses and demographic variables were calculated using chi square test.

Results

Majority (62.1 percent) of the participants indicated willingness to counsel their patients about the effects of tobacco and planned to advise patients about tobacco cessation (90 percent) while 74.2 percent felt that tobacco cessation counselling by dentist would help patients to quit. A majority disagreed that giving tobacco cessation counselling is not a part of their role (78.1 percent) or that they did not consider tobacco cessation counselling a part of their role (74.8 percent). However, 53.3 percent agreed that they do not have sufficient training to provide tobacco cessation counseling.

Conclusion

Dental students did not show much confidence in providing tobacco cessation counselling despite their perception that tobacco users look forward to them for such counselling.
Prevalence And Distribution Of Dental Caries Experience According To GV Black Classification For Patient Attending To Dental School
Authors: Talabani RM , Al-Zahawi A , Ibrahim RO
Published: July 2019

Objective

The aim of our study was to evaluate the incidence of dental caries in relation to gender. GV Black classification was used.

Method

A sample of 1000 adult patient, 498 male and 502 female, were selected at random from patient attending to dental clinics of Conservative department at School of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani.

Result

According to GV Black classification of dental caries (7885) carious lesions were detected on various surfaces, class I buccal surface 387 (4.9 %), class I palatal surface 465 (5.8 %), class I occlusal surface 4836 (61.3%), class II mesio-occlusal (MO) 499 (6.3 %), class II disto-occlusal (DO) 594 (7.5 %), class II mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) 215 (2.7 %), class III mesial 331 (4.1 %), class III distal 289 (3.6%), class IV 95 (1.2 %), class V 174 were (2.2 %).

Conclusion

The result of this study showed that Class I occlusal surface caries was more prevalent among other types of carious lesion according to GV Black classification.
Odontogenic Keratocyst Associated With Supernumerary Tooth: A Case Report
Authors: Kumar PD , Devadiga S , Agrawal R , Mahabaleshwar CH
Published: July 2019

The odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a cystic lesion of odontogenic origin that demonstrates the behavioral characteristics of a benign neoplasm and has a propensity to recur after surgical treatment. This is a case report a 45-year-old male presented with a solitary swelling in the submandibular region, which was clinically diagnosed as dentigerous cyst. The microscopic examination revealed the presence of odontogenic keratocyst.
Perioperative Transesophageal Echocardiography: Advances and Challenges
Authors: Subramaniam Balachundhar
Published: July 2019

How to cite this article

Subramaniam K, Subramaniam B, Puri GD. Perioperative Transesophageal Echocardiography: Advances and Challenges. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2013; 1(1):1-3.
A Fatal Cause for a Common Presentation
Authors: Emanuel Henry , Willis Robert
Published: July 2019

Upper airway obstruction in the pediatric population has a myriad of etiologies, some of which are easily overseen. We emphasize the importance of thorough airway examination and careful attention to unusual signs, which, in this case, uncovered a fatal tumor.

How to cite this article

Emanuel H, Willis R. A Fatal Cause for a Common Presentation. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(4):178-180.
A Report on Synchronous Polymorphous Low-grade Adenocarcinoma and Unknown Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Fisher Adam D , McClure Shawn A , Franco Johnny
Published: July 2019

Background

This is a case report of synchronous, noncollision head and neck malignancies, consisting of a large polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) and an unknown primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that was diagnosed on final pathology.

Materials and methods

Positron emission tomography– computed tomography (CT) scan with and without contrast was obtained, which showed a large destructive soft tissue mass emanating from the right maxilla into the right maxillary sinus with invasion into the surrounding tissue and bone, compatible with an underlying primary maxillary malignancy. Increased D-18 fluorodeoxyglucose activity was also seen in the neck corresponding to numerous bilateral cervical lymph nodes. Magnetic resonance imaging showed the extent of the soft tissue mass, which expanded to the inferior aspect of the right orbital floor, with no evidence of gross invasion into the orbit.

Results

The patient underwent a subtotal maxillectomy, bilateral modified radial neck dissection, and reconstruction. Pathology revealed metastatic PLGA present in the right cervical lymph nodes. Left cervical lymph nodes, however, revealed metastatic SSC. The patient was taken back to the operating room and a panendoscopy was performed. Physical examination was benign and multiple biopsies were negative for SSC. The patient underwent radiation therapy for PLGA and unknown primary SSC antigen.

Conclusion

Synchronous tumors of the head and neck are seldom reported and they present unique treatment challenges. This case report discusses the diagnosis, management, and unique nature of two malignant synchronous noncollision tumors in the head and neck.

How to cite this article

Fisher AD, McClure SA, Franco J. A Report on Synchronous Polymorphous Low-grade Adenocarcinoma and Unknown Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(4):181-186.
Vagal Schwannoma and Carotid Body Tumor: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Appearance and Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Kulkarni Makarand
Published: July 2019

The vagal schwannoma and carotid body tumor are the most important differential of the masses at the level of carotid bifurcation. We reported classical cases of the two conditions with characteristic displacement pattern and morphology.

How to cite this article

Kulkarni M. Vagal Schwannoma and Carotid Body Tumor: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Appearance and Differential Diagnosis. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(4):195-196.
Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy: Current Techniques and Outcomes
Authors: Andreoli Steven , Josephson Gary D
Published: July 2019

Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy continues to be one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in the pediatric population with over 500,000 procedures performed annually. Decreasing pain, maintaining hydration, and minimizing the risk of post operative hemorrhage has brought attention to novel surgical technique and instrumentation. Electro-cautery remains the most common technique used across the United States, however newer technologies have evolved claiming improved recovery with expedited return to normal activity and diet. The current literature remains of significant debate as to the modality that offers the best outcomes. In this review, we describe some of the newer technologies and more common modalities used in practice and discuss the current literature findings.

How to cite this article

Sharma S, Andreoli S, Josephson GD. Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy: Current Techniques and Outcomes. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(2):104-108.
Robotic Surgery in Pediatric Otolaryngology
Authors: Roy Soham , Smith Blaine
Published: July 2019

Robotic surgery is becoming increasingly utilized in head and neck surgery. Robotic surgery for Pediatric Otolaryngology, while still in its relative infancy, represents a new advancement that may improve outcomes and decrease morbidity associated with traditional endoscopic procedures. In this chapter, we review the utilization of robotic platforms in Otolaryngology, discuss current literature describing the use of robotic technology for Pediatric Otolaryngology, and explore potential new applications in Pediatric Otolaryngology for robotic platforms.

How to cite this article

Roy S, Smith B. Robotic Surgery in Pediatric Otolaryngology. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(2):120-123.
Pediatric Sinus Surgery: Indications, Techniques, and Outcomes
Authors: Chen Si , Hebert Andrea , Younis Ramzi
Published: July 2019

Pediatric sinus surgery is indicated in patients with rhinosinusitis that does not respond medical therapy after controlling of predisposing factors such as allergic rhinitis, adenoiditis, environmental irritants, and gastroesophageal reflux. Orbital and intracranial extensions from rhinosinusitis requires aggressive medical management and expedient surgical intervention. There is an armamentarium of techniques to address the pediatric sinuses, including maxillary antral lavage, septoplasty, turbinate reduction, balloon sinuplasty, and functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Surgeries for pediatric rhinosinusitis have favorable outcomes in general, with low complication rates.

How to cite this article

Chen S, Hebert A, Younis R. Pediatric Sinus Surgery: Indications, Techniques, and Outcomes. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(2):124-129.
Neonatal Tracheostomy
Authors: Stephenson Kate A , Wyatt Michelle E
Published: July 2019

Tracheostomy is an established and widely practiced surgical technique. Neonates and young children represent a special population with unique tracheostomy-related concerns. A tracheostomy may be of substantial benefit to the child but is associated with significant morbidity and potential mortality risk. We describe surgical techniques, review pediatric tracheostomy tubes, and discuss relevant care issues.

How to cite this article

Stephenson KA, Wyatt ME. Neonatal Tracheostomy. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(2):136-142.
The Pediatric Anterior Skull Base: An Otolaryngologist's Perspective
Authors: Mitchell Ron B , Chang Andrew J , Shah Gopi B
Published: July 2019

Anterior skull base tumors have traditionally posed a therapeutic challenge. However, the advancement of skull base and endoscopic surgery has allowed for more of these lesions to be amenable to surgical resection. Though common in the adult population, surgical approaches in the pediatric population is not widely described. This chapter discusses the presentation and treatment for various pediatric anterior skull base lesions. Surgical approaches, complications, and the role of the otolaryngologist is also discussed.

How to cite this article

Chang AJ, Mitchell RB, Shah GB. The Pediatric Anterior Skull Base: An Otolaryngologist's Perspective. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(2):143-148.
Transoral Laser Microsurgery vs Radiotherapy for Early Glottic Cancer: Study at Tertiary Care Center in India
Authors: Halkud Rajshekar , Chavan Purushottam , Shenoy Ashok M , Sharma Vikas , Ranganath Namrata , Pasha Tanvir , Shenoy Poornima , Ravikumar B , Narayana Suma M , Sharif Muhammed I , Vijay CR
Published: July 2019

Aim

To compare laryngeal preservation rates, survival rates, and voice outcomes after treatment of early glottic cancer between transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) and radiotherapy (RT).

Materials and methods

A review of oncologic results was performed on a consecutive series of individuals with early-stage glottic carcinoma (T1 and T2) who were treated between 2011 and 2014 at Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology and had received either RT or TLM. Data were collected with a view to assess overall survival, disease-specific survival, laryngectomyfree survival, and laryngeal preservation rates. The Voice Handicap Index-30 (VHI-30) was used as the measure of voice quality after treatment.

Results

Two-year overall survival for TLM group was 93.8% and for RT group was 90.5%, p = 0.643. Disease-free survival (TLM = 90.6% vs RT = 76.2%) was not found to be significant (p-value = 0.104). Laryngeal preservation rate was 79.5% in TLM and 71.4% in RT group (p-value = 0.003). Laryngectomy- free survival was better in TLM (TLM = 96.9% vs RT = 76.2%, p = 0.003). Substage analysis showed equivalent voice for TLM (VHI = 6–12) and RT (VHI = 6–14) in T1a patients (p = 0.94), whereas voice outcome was better for RT in T1b (VHI = 10–16 for TLM vs VHI = 11–18 for RT, p = 0.044) and T2 (VHI = 21–29 for TLM vs VHI = 16–23 for RT, p = 0.002) stages.

Conclusion

Transoral laser microsurgery can be considered the treatment of choice for early glottic cancer in view of better laryngeal preservation rate and laryngectomy-free survival with added advantage of low treatment cost and shorter hospital stay compared with RT.

Clinical significance

Laryngeal cancers represent the most common malignancy of head and neck, with estimated worldwide incidence of 120,000 cases annually. Optimal treatment modality has generated significant controversy in literature. External beam RT, open partial laryngectomy, and TLM are various treatment options available. This study depicts TLM as a preferred modality for early glottic cancer.

How to cite this article

Shenoy AM, Sharma V, Chavan P, Halkud R, Ranganath N, Pasha T, Shenoy P, Ravikumar B, Narayana SM, Sharif MI, Vijay CR. Transoral Laser Microsurgery vs Radiotherapy for Early Glottic Cancer: Study at Tertiary Care Center in India. Int J Head Neck Surg 2017;8(1):15-20.
Congenital Midline Cervical Cleft: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Jaiswal Ashwin A , Behera Bikram K , Membally Ravindranath , Mohanty Manoj K
Published: July 2019

Aim

To highlight a rare case of a congenital midline cervical cleft (CMCC) in context with embryological theories/hypothesis, presentation, and management along with review of literature.

Introduction

Congenital midline cervical cleft is a rare but interesting anterior neck anomaly with controversial theories/ hypothesis regarding its embryogenesis.

Case report

We describe here a classical case of midline cervical cleft that presented at birth with a cephalocaudal orientation, extending from the level below the hyoid bone to the suprasternal notch with a length of 3 cm and width of 0.5 cm. At 6 months of age, the lesion was excised and closure was done by multiple Z-plasty, with satisfactory results.

Discussion

Although the diagnosis is clinical, it is frequently misdiagnosed. The associated clinical features could include thyroglossal duct cysts, cleft lip/mandible/sternum, cervical contractures, mandibular spurs, microgenia, and/or bronchogenic cysts. If it is not treated at an early age, it can result in complications like webbing of the neck, dental malocclusion, and restricted neck movements.

Conclusion

Earliest recognition of CMCC and proper intervention can provide better esthetic and functional prognosis.

Clinical significance

A correct earlier recognition of the lesion and appropriate surgical management are key to avoid longterm complications.

How to cite this article

Jaiswal AA, Behera BK, Membally R, Mohanty MK. Congenital Midline Cervical Cleft: A Case Report with Review of Literature. Int J Head Neck Surg 2017;8(1):25-30.
Megalo-Goitrous Form of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: A Rare Indication for Surgery
Authors: PRK Bhargav , Amar V , Uday SK
Published: July 2019

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the commonest cause of hypothyroidism, especially in iodine replete areas. The clinical presentation of HT is usually insidious with mild goiter and progressive hypothyroidism. But, HT presents with large goiter and compressive symptoms in some cases. The treatment of HT is mostly conservative with thyroxine treatment sooner or later. Occasionally, surgery is indicated for large goiters with persistent pressure symptoms or associated nodules. We report a rare case of unusually large goiter with compressive symptoms, hitherto unreported in literature.

How to cite this article

Bhargav PRK, Amar V, Uday SK. Megalo-Goitrous Form of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: A Rare Indication for Surgery. World J Endocr Surg 2012;4(1):15-16.
Calciphylaxis in Renal Hyperparathyroidism: A Case-based Review
Authors: Parameswaran Rajeev , Tan Sandra , Yuan Ngiam K , Lim Diana GZ
Published: July 2019

Calciphylaxis is a rare fatal condition associated with chronic renal failure, with a prevalence of about 4%. The condition is associated with microcalcification of small- and medium-sized arteries, leading to skin ischemia, necrosis, and gangrene. Any part of the body may be involved, but it is predominant in the lower extremities. Severe pain is usually associated with ulcers and may be difficult to manage. Although parathyroidectomy may improve the symptoms, the prognosis remains dismal with a high mortality. We present a case of severe calciphylaxis associated with renal hyperparathyroidism and briefly review the literature on the condition.

How to cite this article

Tan S, Yuan NK, Lim DGZ, Parameswaran R. Calciphylaxis in Renal Hyperparathyroidism: A Case-based Review. World J Endoc Surg 2016;8(2):156-159.
Sarcoid-like Foreign Body Granuloma of Tongue
Authors: Smitha SG , Bisanna Jagannath , Santhosh Nirmala
Published: July 2019

We report a case of delayed granulomatous reaction of the tongue due to religious practice of piercing with a metal rod. There are very few cases reported in literature with complications of ritual oral and body piercing presenting as sarcoid-like foreign body granuloma.

How to cite this article

Bisanna J, Gangaraj SS, Santhosh N. Sarcoid-like Foreign Body Granuloma of Tongue. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(2):102-103.
Complete Second Branchial Fistula: Diagnostic Imaging and Surgical Aspects
Authors: Monga Uday , Bist SS , Bharti Bhartendu , Agarwal Vinish , Purohit Kartikya
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Complete branchial fistulae are rare anomalies of the branchial cleft apparatus. Incomplete fistulae occur more commonly and may be completely asymptomatic. They are often neglected as they do not lead to recurrent infection, while complete branchial fistula have persistent symptom of discharge. The branchial fistula very rarely has two openings. Usually, a thin membrane covering the internal opening is present even if both ends are patent. Demonstration of a complete branchial fistula on imaging studies is also very uncommon. This is a study of five cases of complete second branchial fistulae, which were diagnosed and treated surgically in a tertiary care teaching hospital over a period of 3 years. The case study also make special emphasis on preoperative imaging for the confirmation of diagnosis and for appropriate surgical approach for complete excision of fistulous tract in order to minimize the recurrence as the revision second-look surgery in neck region is usually difficult.

How to cite this article

Bist SS, Purohit K, Agarwal V, Bharti B, Monga U. Complete Second Branchial Fistula: Diagnostic Imaging and Surgical Aspects. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):6-10.
Neurofibroma of the Cheek and Nasal Dorsum: A Case Report and a Mini Review
Authors: Wadhwa Neelam , Gupta Neelima , Singh PP , Rai Ashish , Kaur Ramandeep
Published: July 2019

Neurofibroma is a benign neoplasm derived from peripheral nerves. Most of these are associated with neurofibromatosis but may also occur as solitary lesions. When found in the neck, they are often located in the soft tissues. They are slow-growing masses, often asymptomatic and have been found most commonly in the oral cavity. We report a case of neurofibroma involving two separate and unusual sites of face, which are subcutaneous tissues of the cheek and dorsum of nose, and present a brief review of literature.

How to cite this article

Gupta N, Kaur R, Rai A, Wadhwa N, Singh PP. Neurofibroma of the Cheek and Nasal Dorsum: A Case Report and a Mini Review. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(2):62-64.
Empty Follicular Syndrome: Understanding Controversial Entity
Authors: Choudhary Sumesh D
Published: July 2019

Empty follicular syndrome (EFS) is defined as the failure to retrieve oocytes from mature ovarian follicles after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) for in vitro fertilization (IVF). There are two types of EFS—genuine and false EFS. In genuine EFS, there is failure to retrieve oocytes from mature ovarian follicles after COH for IVF after apparently normal follicular development and steroidogenesis in the presence of optimum β-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels, whereas in false EFS, there is failure to retrieve oocytes in the presence of low β-hCG levels. Whatever may be the cause of EFS, these patients should be counseled regarding its possibility of recurrence and future poor prognosis. However, different IVF treatment methods in subsequent cycles could modulate the response with successful oocyte recovery in such cases.

How to cite this article

Choudhary SD, Mishra V. Empty Follicular Syndrome: Understanding Controversial Entity. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(2):113-117.
An Unusual Case of Twin Pregnancy associated with Rudimentary Horn Rupture
Authors: Ahmed Armeen , Nanda Anuja , Gupta Vineeta , Tandon Archna
Published: July 2019

Twin pregnancy in association with rudimentary horn pregnancy is extremely rare and more so in spontaneous conceptions. Rudimentary horn pregnancy coexistent with an intrauterine pregnancy usually results in rupture of the rudimentary horn and death of the correspondent twin. We report an unusual case of twin pregnancy following spontaneous conception in association with rudimentary horn rupture.

How to cite this article

Gupta V, Nanda A, Tandon A, Ahmed A. An Unusual Case of Twin Pregnancy associated with Rudimentary Horn Rupture. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(2):123-124.
Cesarean-section Delivery of Full-term Ectopic Pregnancy in Broad Ligament
Authors: Sharma Vandna , Tyagi Archana , Sharma Abhimanyu
Published: July 2019

Broad ligament pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy. Such pregnancy reaching term with favorable fetal outcome is even rarer. We describe a case of secondary extraperitoneal ectopic pregnancy diagnosed on laparotomy with favorable fetomaternal outcome.

How to cite this article

Sharma V, Tyagi A, Sharma A. Cesarean- section Delivery of Full-term Ectopic Pregnancy in Broad Ligament. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(2):133-134.
Placenta Accreta: A Review of the Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: Zalud Ivica , Goh William
Published: July 2019

The incidence of placenta accreta is rising, primarily due to the increase in cesarean section rates. The prenatal diagnosis of placenta accretas has been shown to decrease the amount of blood loss and complications. Real-time ultrasound is helpful for diagnosing placenta accreta, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can increase the sensitivity of prenatal diagnosis. Postpartum hysterectomy for placenta accreta has been the standard of therapy for placenta accreta, but conservative management including uterine artery embolization, and leaving the placenta in situ may be considered in patients who want to preserve their fertility. The etiology of placenta accreta is due to a deficiency of maternal decidua, resulting in placenta invasion into the uterine myometrium. The molecular basis is yet to be elucidated, but it probably involves abnormal paracrine or autocrine signaling between the deficient maternal decidua and the invading placenta trophoblastic tissue.

How to cite this article

Goh W, Zalud I. Placenta Accreta: A Review of the Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(3):352-363.
Assessment and Comparison of Salivary Survivin Biomarker in Oral Leukoplakia, Oral Lichen Planus, and Oral Cancer: A Comparative Study
Authors: Garg Ruchika , Shetti Arvind V , Bagewadi Anjana S
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the oral cavity. It is preceded by various potentially malignant conditions like oral leukoplakia and oral lichen planus. Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis whose levels have been found increased in oral cancer as well as various potentially malignant conditions. Thus survivin can act as a biomarker and help in early detection of potentially malignant conditions which can prevent its transformation into malignancy.

Aim

To assess and compare the level of total human salivary survivin in oral leukoplakia, oral lichen planus, oral cancer, and control group.

Materials and methods

A total of 96 subjects were included in the study, which were further grouped into 24 in each group. The saliva was analyzed for survivin level among all the four groups. Survivin concentration (pg/mL) was studied in relation to clinical data.

The results were analyzed using Mann—Whitney U test to derive the statistical difference.

Results

The average of levels of survivin in control group was 0.199 pg/mL, in oral leukoplakia group 0.312 pg/mL, in oral lichen planus group 0.380 pg/mL, and in oral cancer group 0.430 pg/mL. A comparison of all these groups revealed statistically significant difference among the groups.

Conclusion

Survivin may not be considered as an independent predictor of the malignant transformation for premalignant lesions but it can be an indicator for an increased risk of malignant transformation.

How to cite this article

Garg R, Shetti AV, Bagewadi AS. Assessment and Comparison of Salivary Survivin Biomarker in Oral Leukoplakia, Oral Lichen Planus, and Oral Cancer: A Comparative Study. World J Dent 2017;8(2):73-76.
An in vitro Comparative Study to evaluate the Marginal Fit of Castings using Ring and Ringless Casting Techniques with varying Sprue Diameter
Authors: Balakrishnan Dhanasekar , George Vinu T , Dutta Tanuka , Narayan Aparna Ichalangod
Published: July 2019

Introduction

The ultimate success of fixed prosthesis is to pay meticulous attention to the detailed production of the missing tooth structure. Such an accurate replication is technically demanding. Hence, the aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of marginal fit of castings with varying sprue diameter and using ring and ringless techniques.

Materials and methods

Forty standardized wax copings were fabricated on a stainless steel die and divided into two groups. The first group was cast using the metal ring investment technique; the second group was cast using the ringless investment technique. Both the groups were further divided into two groups, each based on the diameter of the sprue (groups I and III: 4.5 mm and groups II and IV: 2.5 mm). The vertical marginal gap was measured at three sites per specimen, using a digital optical microscope at ×100 magnification. The results were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and independent t-test to determine statistical significance.

Results

The vertical marginal gaps of castings fabricated using the ringless technique (0.145 ± 0.072 mm) were significantly less (p < 0.001) than those castings fabricated using the conventional metal ring technique (0.264 ± 0.100 mm); however, the vertical marginal gaps of the 2.5 mm sprue diameter (0.199 ± 0.092 mm) and 4.5 mm sprue diameter (0.211 ± 0.118 mm) castings were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). There was also statistically significant interaction (p < 0.001) between group IIA (0.120 ± 0.038 mm) and group IA (0.302 ± 0.098 mm), which was analyzed using the independent t-test.

Conclusion

It can be concluded that the ringless casting technique in comparison to metal ring technique produces metal castings of better marginal adaptation. Furthermore, the sprue diameter had significant difference wherein the 4.5 mm diameter produced the least vertical discrepancies in the ringless casting technique and 2.5 mm produced lesser vertical discrepancies in the metal ring.

Clinical significance

One of the key factors that decides the success of a metal-ceramic restoration is the marginal fit. The accurate fit of the restoration greatly minimizes the plaque accumulation, offers good mechanical properties, and reduces micro-leakage and development of secondary caries. The techniques of casting procedure and sprue diameter can have an influence on the outcome. Hence, the current research was undertaken to study the influence of these factors on marginal fit.

How to cite this article

Dutta T, George VT, Balakrishnan D, Narayan AI. An in vitro Comparative Study to evaluate the Marginal Fit of Castings using Ring and Ringless Casting Techniques with Varying Sprue Diameter. World J Dent 2017;8(2):109-113.
Mandibular Canine Calcification as Skeletal Maturity Indicator
Authors: Vijayalakshmi K , Sathiasekar G Suresh
Published: July 2019

Objective

The purpose of the study was to verify the relationship between mandibular canine calcification and skeletal maturity, and mandibular canine calcification could be used as a first-level diagnostic tool to estimate the timing of the pubertal growth spurt.

Materials and methods

Data were obtained from hand—wrist radiographs and intraoral periapical radiographs of left mandibular canine. Totally, 221 boys and 191 girls, the age ranging from 7 to 15 years, were selected to depict varying stages of growth. Kappa and t test statistics were applied. Skeletal age was determined as described by Greulich and Pyle, and the maturational patterns of the indicators were evaluated using the 11-grade system of Fishman. The stages from E to H as described by Demirjian's stages of dental calcification were taken in this study instead of A to H.

Results

The epiphyseal widening for boys at 8.1 years and girls at 7.7 years, the ossification of the adductor sesamoid for boys at 12.2 years and for girls at 11.6 years, capping of epiphysis for boys at 11 years and for girls at 10 years, fusion of epiphysis in distal and middle phalanx in the third finger for boys at 13.8 years and for girls at 12.7 years, and fusion of epiphysis in the radius for boys at 14.4 years and for girls at 13 years were seen.

The relationship between the various stages of calcification of mandibular canine with skeletal age are as follows:

Boys: Stage E at 6.4, stage F at 8.9 years, stage G at 10.9, and stage H at 14 years

Girls: Stage E at 6.1, stage F at 8.2 years, stage G at 10.46, and stage H at 12.94 years.

The results showed stages E and F were coincident with the epiphyseal widening in the third finger proximal and middle phalanx and middle phalanx of the fifth finger. Stage G was coincident with the ossification of adductor sesamoid, capping of third finger middle phalanx, distal phalanx, and fifth finger middle phalanx, indicating its association with the accelerative phase of growth. Stage H was coincident with a fusion of proximal, middle, distal phalanx of the third finger, and fusion of radius, indicating its association with the decelerative phase of growth. Stage G was an ideal time for any orthodontic treatment, particularly functional appliances.

Conclusion

Based on the findings of this study, a close association existed between mandibular canine calcification stages and skeletal maturity indicators.

How to cite this article

Vijayalakshmi K, Sathiasekar GS. Mandibular Canine Calcification as Skeletal Maturity Indicator. World J Dent 2017;8(2):119-128.
Evaluation of Effectiveness of Home Remedies for Toothbrush Decontamination using Vinegar and Vinegar with Common Salt
Authors: Rao Arathi , Mavani Vinay , Y Mahabala Karuna , Suman Ethel , Anupama Nayak P
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of the study was to evaluate if vinegar and vinegar with 3.5% sodium chloride could be used as an alternative to chlorhexidine gluconate for disinfection of toothbrushes.

Materials and methods

The study consisted of three groups: group I: 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate, group II: 38% white vinegar, and group III: 38% white vinegar with 3.5% sodium chloride. Two new toothbrushes were cultured to check their sterility before use. Eight children in the age group of 6 to 12 years were given oral hygiene instructions and four sets of oral hygiene kits. At the end of the 1st week, one set of used toothbrushes was cultured to check for total viable count. Again at the end of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th weeks, the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th sets of brushes were collected, subjected to respective decontamination treatment for 12 hours, and then cultured for microbial analyses. The obtained data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test.

Results

In group I, three out of eight brushes showed 1 to 10,000 colonies, in group II, one out of eight cases showed >10,000 colonies and two out of eight showed 1 to 10,000 colonies, and in group III, all the eight cases showed no colonies upon culturing.

Conclusion

Out of all the tested decontaminating agents, combination of 38% white vinegar and 3.5% sodium chloride was found to be the most efficient.

Clinical significance

Toothbrushes become contaminated upon use and act as a reservoir for microorganisms. Thus, toothbrush decontamination should become a routine practice. Testing the disinfecting efficacy of vinegar and common salt is, thus, beneficial as they are available in every kitchen.

How to cite this article

Mavani V, Mahabala KY, Suman E, Natarajan S, Nayak PA, Srikrishna SB, Rao A. Evaluation of Effectiveness of Home Remedies for Toothbrush Decontamination using Vinegar and Vinegar with Common Salt. World J Dent 2018;9(1):19-23.
Emotional Impact Survey of Dental Patients with Tooth Loss in Unsyiah Dental Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmayani Liana , Novita Cut Fera , Ahya Wirdatul
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Loss of teeth is a condition where one or several teeth are lost from the socket. Loss of one or several anterior teeth can cause esthetic disruption, loss of confidence, concerns about appearance, and lost function of the teeth, thereby greatly affecting an individual's mind and activity. The loss of some or all of the teeth has many impacts, one of which is the emotional impact. Emotional impact is a feeling or assessment reaction that is derived from the nervous system in response to stimuli from the outside or inside due to loss of teeth, which is known through the categories affected, avoidance, depression, irritability, embarrassment, and feeling old.

Aim

This study aimed to describe the emotional impact of tooth loss in patients at Unsyiah Dental Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.

Materials and methods

This research was a descriptive, cross-sectional design. Sampling was done by random sampling method, which included 100 respondents.

Results

The results showed that the emotional impact that can be caused by tooth loss in patients at Unsyiah Dental Hospital in the period from January to March is as follows: 50% classified as mild, 39% moderate, and 11% severe. Emotional effects of losing a tooth are as follows: 49% disturbed category, 7% avoidance, 7% depression, 4% offended, 30% embarrassed, and 54% feeling old.

Conclusion

The emotional impact of tooth loss in patients at our dental hospital is classified as mild to severe, of which a mild emotional impact was found often.

Clinical significance

Tooth loss is one of the common problems that often occurred at the dental clinic, and loss of teeth function can greatly affect an individual's mind and activity.

How to cite this article

Rahmayani L, Novita CF, Ahya W. Emotional Impact Survey of Dental Patients with Tooth Loss in Unsyiah Dental Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. World J Dent 2018;9(1):24-28.
Successful Conception and Delivery in an Unusual Case of 46,XY Pure Gonadal Dysgenesis with Spontaneous Breast Development, Menses, and Bilateral Hydrosalpinx
Authors: Nadkarni Kishore
Published: July 2019

Aim

To study unusual presentations of 46XY pure gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome), implications of delayed diagnosis, importance of karyotype and early gonadectomy and pregnancy outcome with ART.

Background

To report a case of Swyer syndrome with spontaneous breast development, menses and bilateral hydrosalpinx with Successful pregnancy outcome.

Case description

30 years old lady presented with primary infertility, secondary amenorrhea and normal secondary sexual characters. Sonography revealed small uterus with atrophic ovaries and B/L hydrosalpinx. Hormonal profile showed hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism and Karyotype was 46XY. Laparoscopic salpingectomy and gonadectomy was done. Histopathology revealed streak gonads with no evidence of malignancy and diagnosis of 46XY disorder of sexual development (DSD)/ Swyer syndrome was made. After endometrial preparation with ethinyl estradiol, patient conceived with allogenic oocytes and delivered preterm twins vaginally at 31 weeks.

Conclusion

Patients with Swyer Syndrome usually present at adolescence with delayed puberty and/or primary amenorrhea. However they can present late with secondary amenorrhea or just irregular, infrequent menses or primary infertility. Karyotype is mandatory in such cases and early gonadectomy improves long term survival as incidence of malignancy in the dysgenetic gonad is high. Incipient malignancy is usually the source of estrogen in patients with normal secondary sexual characters. Hypoplastic uterus is responsive to estrogen therapy in terms of enlargement and endometrial preparation and also this uterus may have the ability to respond to the process of labor and these patients can deliver vaginally.

Clinical significance

Early diagnosis and timely management of patients with dysgenetic gonads is important. Pregnancy is possible with allogenic oocytes. Genetic counseling and long term follow-up is required.

How to cite this article

Singh P, Kalra A, Nadkarni PK, Nadkarni K. Successful Conception and Delivery in an Unusual Case of 46,XY Pure Gonadal Dysgenesis with Spontaneous Breast Development, Menses, and Bilateral Hydrosalpinx. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2016;7(2):58-60.
An Unusual Presentation of Syringomyelia
Authors: Agrahari Alok Kumar
Published: July 2019

Sudden onset stridor due to bilateral vocal cord paralysis in an adult patient with undiagnosed syringomyelia as a sole presenting symptom is rare. Here we are presenting a case of a 40-year-old female with undiagnosed syringomyelia due to Chiari type I malformation presenting with sudden onset stridor. Even 1 year after decompression surgery, her vocal cord functions did not improve.

How to cite this article

Varma A, Agrahari AK. An Unusual Presentation of Syringomyelia. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2016;6(1):40-41.
Interarch Tooth Size Relationship of Indian Population: Does Bolton's Analysis Apply?
Authors: Regalla Ravindra Reddy , Subbarao Vummidisetti V , Santi V , Anita G
Published: July 2019

Background

Orthodontists have several methods to detect inter arch-tooth size discrepancies in patients presenting for orthodontic treatment. Many methods such as Pont's analysis, Nance and Carey's analysis, Peck and Peck ratio, Bolton's analysis are commonly used methods. A thorough search of literature reveals a paucity of reliable data on the mesiodistal dimensions of the crowns of the permanent dentition of Indian population. Without information about the size of individual tooth and groups of teeth for Indian population, it is difficult for the clinician to make an adequate diagnosis and treatment plan and to carry out a plan of therapy.

Aim

To determine the size of individual permanent tooth and the sex differences, with tooth size ratios according to Bolton's formula and to evaluate the reliability of Bolton's norms (Anterior/Posterior) in Indian population.

Materials and methods

One hundred and twenty cases in which an excellent occlusion was naturally existent with the mean age of 22 years (18-27 years) were selected in the study. The casts were prepared after taking alginate impression of maxillary and mandibular arches and pouring them immediately with dental stone. A sliding Digital Vernier calliper used to measure the teeth. The ratios of the mean of mesiodistal dimensions of types of teeth were computed.

Results

The mean overall ratio for the Indian population is found to be 92.11 with a standard deviation of 2.12. The values ranged from 86.50-97.13 and the median is 92.16. The mean anterior ratio for the Indian population is found to be 78.14 with a standard deviation of 2.59.

Conclusion

Bolton's original data does not represent Indian population. In our study Greater size variability was found in maxillary teeth as compared with mandibular teeth except mandibular first molar. Our study indicated that populationspecific standards are necessary for clinical assessments. Significant differences were shown for the overall ratio and anterior ratio for both sexes as compared to Bolton's ratio.

How to cite this article

Subbarao VV, Regalla RR, Santi V, Anita G, Kattimani VS. Interarch Tooth Size Relationship of Indian Populations: Does Bolton's Analysis Apply? J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(1):103-107.
Role of Dental Profession in Oral Cancer Prevention and Diagnosis
Authors: Hussain QA , Awan KH
Published: July 2019

How to cite this article

Hussain QA, Awan KH. Role of Dental Profession in Oral Cancer Prevention and Diagnosis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(12):963-964.
Marginal Fit Metal–Ceramic and In-Ceram Single Crown Cement retained in Implant-supported Abutments
Authors: de Jesus Tavarez Rudys Rodolfo , Tonetto Mateus R , Filho EM Maia , Valente Valdimar S , Francischone Carlos E , de Moura CD Vilarinho Soares , Júnior CE Francischone , Silva Antonio M , Ribeiro Izabella S
Published: July 2019

Introduction

This study evaluated the cervical fit of cemented metal–ceramic and In-Ceram implant-supported crowns, before and after the cementing procedure.

Materials and methods

Twenty crowns cemented on implant abutments are divided into two groups (n = 10): Group 1 – cemented metal–ceramic crowns and group 2 – cemented In-Ceram crowns. The marginal adaptations before and after cementation were evaluated in a comparison microscope with an error of 1 μm. All crowns were cemented with zinc phosphate cement.

Results

The cervical misalignment of cemented crowns before cementation (52.65 ± 11.83 and 85.73 ± 14.06 μm) was lower than that after cementation (66.80 ± 15.86 and 89.36 ± 22.66 μm).

Conclusion

The cementing procedure interferes with the marginal fit of cemented crowns on implant abutments, with the prosthesis having better adaptation before cementation. Cemented metal–ceramic crowns exhibited better cervical adaptation than In-Ceram crowns cemented before and after the cementing procedure.

Clinical significance

The maintenance of gum health and the longevity of prosthetic restorations are closely related to the restoration's marginal integrity.

How to cite this article

Valente VS, Francischone CE, Vilarinho Soares de Moura CD, Francischone Júnior CE, Silva AM, Ribeiro IS, Maia Filho EM, Bandéca MC, Tonetto MR, de Jesus Tavarez RR. Marginal Fit Metal–Ceramic and In-Ceram Single Crown Cement retained in Implant-supported Abutments. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(12):969-972.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Mixtures of Nanosilver and Zinc Oxide Eugenol against Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Haghgoo Roza , Ahmadvand Motahareh , Nyakan Mohammad , Jafari Mojtaba
Published: July 2019

Aim

This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of 0, 0.5, 2, and 5 wt% nanosilver in conjunction with zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) against Enterococcus faecalis.

Materials and methods

Nanosilver in 0.5, 2, and 5 wt% concentrations was added to ZOE and the antibacterial activity of the mixtures on E. faecalis was assessed using disk diffusion method, and the results were reported as the diameter of the growth inhibition zone.

Results

The diameters of the growth inhibition zones around 0, 0.5, 2, and 5 wt% concentrations of nanosilver particles were not significantly different at 24 and 48 hours and 1 week; however, the difference with the azithromycin disk was significant.

Conclusion

Considering the lack of a significant increase in the diameter of the growth inhibition zones around 0, 0.5, 2, and 5 wt% ZOE containing nanosilver, it appears that addition of nanosilver up to 5 wt% cannot improve the antibacterial properties of ZOE sealer against E. faecalis.

Clinical significance

Microorganisms present in the root canal system of primary teeth are mainly responsible for endodontic infections. Enterococcus faecalis is the most important cause of endodontic failure. Application of sealers that decrease the adhesion and colonization of bacteria, as well as susceptibility to bacterial infections can greatly help in this regard. Using these sealers in conjunction with antibacterial agents, such as nanosilver particles may yield higher antibacterial efficacy.

How to cite this article

Haghgoo R, Ahmadvand M, Nyakan M, Jafari M. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Mixtures of Nanosilver and Zinc Oxide Eugenol against Enterococcus faecalis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(3):177-181.