bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rational or emotional? Prohibitive voice of outsourced employees in a time trajectory perspective
Authors: Qin Chuanyan , Wang Pengcheng , Liu Shanshi , Xu Guangyi
Published: June 2022

Does outsourced employees' risk behavior depend more on rationality or emotion in temporary interorganizational project‐based teams? Combining trust‐related research and a time trajectory perspective, this study re‐examines the relationship between trust and outsourced employees' prohibitive voice in interorganizational project‐based teams. Two‐wave survey data were collected from 286 outsourced employees and their supervisors across 52 interorganizational teams in China. Empirical results show that outsourced employees' prohibitive voice depends more on cognition‐based trust than on affect‐based trust. With project execution time increases, the promoting effect of affect‐based trust on prohibitive voice shows an increase, while the impact of cognition‐based trust demonstrated little variation. Moreover, outsourced employees' perceptions of leader‐member exchange (LMX) differentiation mediates the moderating effect of project execution time on the relationship between affect‐based trust and prohibitive voice. However, the mediated moderation effect is not significant for cognition‐based trust. Theoretical and practical implications for project‐based team management are discussed.
Research Progress on the Electrical Properties of Gas Hydrate‐bearing Sediments
Authors: TAN Kui , ZHANG Qi , HE Tao
Published: June 2022

Electrical properties are important physical parameters of natural gas hydrate, and, specifically, resistivity has been widely used in the quantitative estimation of hydrate saturation. There are three main methods to study the electrical properties of gas hydrate‐bearing sediments: experimental laboratory measurements, numerical simulation, and resistivity logging. Experimental measurements can be divided into three categories: normal electrical measurement, complex resistivity measurement, and electrical resistivity tomography. Experimental measurements show that the resistivity of hydrate‐bearing sediment is affected by many factors, and its distribution as well as the hydrate saturation is not uniform; there is a distinct non‐Archie phenomenon. The numerical method can simulate the resistivity of sediments by changing the hydrate occurrence state, saturation, distribution, etc. However, it needs to be combined with X‐ray CT, nuclear magnetic resonance, and other imaging techniques to characterize the porous characteristics of the hydrate‐bearing sediments. Resistivity well logging can easily identify hydrate layers based on their significantly higher resistivity than the background, but the field data of the hydrate layer also has a serious non‐Archie phenomenon. Therefore, more experimental measurements and numerical simulation studies are needed to correct the parameters of Archie's formula.
Age‐dependent aneuploidy in mammalian oocytes instigated at the second meiotic division
Authors: Kouznetsova Anna , Liu Jian Guo , Valentiniene Sonata , Brismar Hjalmar , Höög Christer
Published: June 2022

Ageing severely affects the chromosome segregation process in human oocytes resulting in aneuploidy, infertility and developmental disorders. A considerable amount of segregation errors in humans are introduced at the second meiotic division. We have here compared the chromosome segregation process in young adult and aged female mice during the second meiotic division. More than half of the oocytes in aged mice displayed chromosome segregation irregularities at anaphase II, resulting in dramatically increased level of aneuploidy in haploid gametes, from 4% in young adult mice to 30% in aged mice. We find that the post‐metaphase II process that efficiently corrects aberrant kinetochore‐microtubule attachments in oocytes in young adult mice is approximately 10‐fold less efficient in aged mice, in particular affecting chromosomes that show small inter‐centromere distances at the metaphase II stage in aged mice. Our results reveal that post‐metaphase II processes have critical impact on age‐dependent aneuploidy in mammalian eggs.
The nosological status of unipolar mania and hypomania within UK Biobank according to objective and subjective measures of diurnal rest and activity
Authors: Sangha Natasha , Lyall Laura , Wyse Cathy , Cullen Breda , Whalley Heather C. , Smith Daniel J.
Published: June 2022

Background

There is uncertainty whether unipolar mania is a discrete sub‐type of bipolar disorder. Disrupted rest/activity rhythms are a key feature of bipolar disorder (BD) but have not been well characterised in unipolar mania/hypomania (UM). We compared subjective and objective rest/activity patterns, demographic and mental health outcomes across BD, UM and control groups.

Methods

UK residents aged 37–73 years were recruited into UK Biobank from 2006 to 2010. BD, UM and control groups were identified via a mental health questionnaire. Demographic, mental health and subjective sleep outcomes were self‐reported. Accelerometery data were available for a subset of participants, and objective measures of sleep and activity were derived.

Results

A greater proportion of males met UM criteria, and more females were in the BD group. Both BD and UM groups had poor mental health outcomes vs. controls. Objectively measured activity differed between all three groups: UM had highest levels of activity and BD lowest. The UM group had shorter sleep duration compared to controls. Subjective rest/activity measures showed that both mood disorder groups (compared to controls) had later chronotype preference, more disturbed sleep and increased difficulty getting up in the morning. However, the UM group were more likely to report an early chronotype compared to BD and control groups.

Conclusions

BD and UM share features in common, but key differences support the proposition that UM may be a distinct and more clinically homogenous disorder. UM was characterised by a higher proportion of males, early chronotype, increased activity and shorter sleep duration.
Facing difficult but unavoidable choices: Donor blood safety and the deferral of men who have sex with men
Authors: Pierik Roland , Verweij Marcel , van de Laar Thijs , Zaaijer Hans
Published: June 2022

Blood service organizations employ various ways to ensure transfusion blood safety, including the testing of all donations for transfusion‐transmissible infections (TTI) and the exclusion of donors who are at increased risk of a recent infection. As some TTIs are more common among men who have sex with men (MSM), many jurisdictions (temporarily) defer the donation of blood by sexually active MSM. This boils down to a categorical exclusion of a large group solely on the basis of their sexual orientation, which is seen as unduly discriminatory and stigmatizing. Blood service organizations in the U.K. and the Netherlands have recently changed their deferral policies for MSM. The problem of the MSM deferral involves a conflict between fundamental rights: the right of MSM to equal treatment and the right to health of the recipients of blood and blood products. We distinguish and discuss three broad alternative options to the current categorical deferral of MSM donations: (1) completely abandoning donor selection on the basis of sexual behavior, (2) individual risk assessment of the sexual activities of each potential donor, and (3) individual risk assessment of the sexual activities of MSM only. The new U.K. policy falls within the second category, and the new Dutch policy is in the third category. We argue that each approach comes with moral costs but that the most reasonable option is different from the policies of both the U.K. and the Netherlands.
Haematological variables and risk of future venous thromboembolism in the British Regional Heart Study on men. Combined D‐dimer and APTT as a predictive test for thromboembolism?
Authors: Wannamethee S. Goya , Papacosta Olia , Lennon Lucy , Whincup Peter H. , Rumley Ann , Lowe Gordon D. O.
Published: June 2022

We examined the associations between haematological and inflammatory variables with future venous thromboembolism (VTE), in 3494 men aged 60–79 years, with no previous history of VTE or myocardial infarction, who were not receiving oral anticoagulants. After a mean follow‐up period of 18 years, there were 149 confirmed cases of fatal or non‐fatal VTE (deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism). Among classical cardiovascular risk factors, only obesity and cigarette smoking were associated with VTE risk. After adjustment for age, obesity and smoking, VTE risk was associated with coagulation factor VIII, factor IX, von Willebrand factor (VWF), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and fibrin D‐dimer. Hazard ratios (95% CI) for top to bottom quarters (bottom to top for APTT), were respectively 2.17 (1.37, 3.44), 2.15 (1.30, 3.53), 2.02 (1.27, 3.22), 2.43 (1.47, 4.02) and 3.62 (2.18, 6.08). The 11% of men with both the shortest APTT and highest D‐dimer combined had a 5.02 (2.37, 10.62) higher risk of VTE. VTE risk was not associated with fibrinogen, factor VII or activated protein C resistance; full blood count variables or with inflammatory markers, plasma viscosity, C‐reactive protein or interleukin‐6. The combination of D‐dimer and APTT merits evaluation as an adjunct to VTE risk prediction scores.
Impaired humoral and cellular response to primary COVID‐19 vaccination in patients less than 2 years after allogeneic bone marrow transplant
Authors: Murray Sam M. , Barbanti Maria , Campbell Cori , Brown Anthony , Chen Lucia , Dhanapal Jay , Tseu Bing , Pervaiz Omer , Peters Louis , Springett Sally , Danby Robert , Adele Sandra , Phillips Eloise , Malone Tom , Amini Ali , Stafford Lizzie , Deeks Alexandra S. , Dunachie Susanna , Klenerman Paul , Peniket Andrew , Barnes Eleanor , Kesavan Murali
Published: June 2022

Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients remain at high risk of adverse outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and emerging variants. The optimal prophylactic vaccine strategy for this cohort is not defined. T cell‐mediated immunity is a critical component of graft‐versus‐tumour effect and in determining vaccine immunogenicity. Using validated anti‐spike (S) immunoglobulin G (IgG) and S‐specific interferon‐gamma enzyme‐linked immunospot (IFNγ‐ELIspot) assays we analysed response to a two‐dose vaccination schedule (either BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1) in 33 HSCT recipients at ≤2 years from transplant, alongside vaccine‐matched healthy controls (HCs). After two vaccines, infection‐naïve HSCT recipients had a significantly lower rate of seroconversion compared to infection‐naïve HCs (25/32 HSCT vs. 39/39 HCs no responders) and had lower S‐specific T‐cell responses. The HSCT recipients who received BNT162b2 had a higher rate of seroconversion compared to ChAdOx1 (89% vs. 74%) and significantly higher anti‐S IgG titres (p = 0.022). S‐specific T‐cell responses were seen after one vaccine in HCs and HSCT recipients. However, two vaccines enhanced S‐specific T‐cell responses in HCs but not in the majority of HSCT recipients. These data demonstrate limited immunogenicity of two‐dose vaccination strategies in HSCT recipients, bolstering evidence of the need for additional boosters and/or alternative prophylactic measures in this group.
CD73 facilitates invadopodia formation and boosts malignancy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via the MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Xue Feifei , Wang Tianxiao , Shi Hao , Feng Hongjie , Feng Guanying , Wang Ruixia , Yao Yao , Yuan Hua
Published: June 2022

Elevated adenosine generated by CD73 (ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase; NT5E) could boost immunosuppressive responses and promote immune evasion in the tumor microenvironment. However, despite the immune response, CD73 could also promote tumor progression in a variety of cancers, and the nonimmunologic role and corresponding molecular mechanism of CD73 involved in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) progression are not well characterized. Here, we demonstrated that CD73/NT5E is overexpressed in HNSCC tissues and predicts poor prognosis. Suppression of CD73 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HNSCC cell lines (CAL27 and HN4) in vitro and in vivo. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) predicted that CD73 may be involved in invadopodia formation and MAPK signaling activation. As expected, knockdown of CD73 inhibited the MAPK signaling pathway, and the suppressive effect of CD73 knockdown on proliferation, migration, invasion, and invadopodia formation was reversed by a MAPK signaling activator. Our results suggest that CD73 could promote the proliferation, migration, invasion, and invadopodia formation of HNSCC via the MAPK signaling pathway and provide new mechanistic insights into the nonimmunological role of CD73 in HNSCC.
Long noncoding RNA OVAAL enhances nucleotide synthesis through pyruvate carboxylase to promote 5‐fluorouracil resistance in gastric cancer
Authors: Tan Jia‐nan , Zhou Sheng‐ning , Zhang Wei , Yang Bin , Zhong Guang‐yu , Huang Jing , Hu Hai , Han Fang‐hai , Luo Man‐Li
Published: June 2022

5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) is widely used in gastric cancer treatment, yet 5‐FU resistance remains an important clinical challenge. We established a model based on five long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) to effectively assess the prognosis of gastric cancer patients; among them, lncRNA OVAAL was markedly upregulated in gastric cancer and associated with poor prognosis and 5‐FU resistance. In vitro and in vivo assays confirmed that OVAAL promoted proliferation and 5‐FU resistance of gastric cancer cells. Mechanistically, OVAAL bound with pyruvate carboxylase (PC) and stabilized PC from HSC70/CHIP‐mediated ubiquitination and degradation. OVAAL knockdown reduced intracellular levels of oxaloacetate and aspartate, and the subsequent pyrimidine synthesis, which could be rescued by PC overexpression. Moreover, OVAAL knockdown increased sensitivity to 5‐FU treatment, which could be reversed by PC overexpression or repletion of oxaloacetate, aspartate, or uridine. OVAAL overexpression enhanced pyrimidine synthesis to promote proliferation and 5‐FU resistance of gastric cancer cells, which could be abolished by PC knockdown. Thus, OVAAL promoted gastric cancer cell proliferation and induced 5‐FU resistance by enhancing pyrimidine biosynthesis to antagonize 5‐FU induced thymidylate synthase dysfunction. Targeting OVAAL‐mediated nucleotide metabolic reprograming would be a promising strategy to overcome chemoresistance in gastric cancer.
Safety and effectiveness of eculizumab in Japanese patients with generalized myasthenia gravis: Analysis of 1‐year postmarketing surveillance
Authors: Murai Hiroyuki , Suzuki Shigeaki , Fukamizu Yuji , Osawa Takehiko , Kikui Hidekazu , Utsugisawa Kimiaki
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Eculizumab, a terminal complement protein C5 inhibitor, is approved in Japan for the treatment of patients with anti‐acetylcholine receptor antibody‐positive (AChR Ab+) generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) that is difficult to control with plasmapheresis or high‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy.

Methods

This analysis of mandatory postmarketing surveillance in Japan assessed the safety and effectiveness of eculizumab in patients with AChR Ab+ gMG who had completed case‐report forms at 26 wk after eculizumab initiation up to the cutoff date of April 2021. Changes from baseline were assessed for Myasthenia Gravis‐Activities of Daily Living (MG‐ADL) and Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis (QMG) total scores overall, and MG‐ADL scores in patient subgroups according to sex, age at diagnosis and baseline, and baseline disease severity. The change in concomitant corticosteroid use was also evaluated.

Results

Data were available for 134 adults (67.2% female; mean age 51.9 y); the effectiveness‐analysis set comprised 126 patients. After 26 wk, 78% of patients were continuing eculizumab treatment. Adverse drug reactions were reported by 49 patients (37%) (most frequently headache [n = 10]). Improvements in MG‐ADL scores were seen regardless of sex; age at diagnosis (<50/≥50 y); baseline age (18 to <40/≥40 to <65/≥65 y); Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America disease classification (IIa/IIb/IIIa/IIIb/IVa/IVb/V); or baseline MG‐ADL score (<6/≥6). Of patients receiving corticosteroids, the proportion receiving low doses (average ≤5 mg/d) increased from 7.0% before eculizumab initiation to 26.4% by Week 52.

Conclusion

Eculizumab was well tolerated and effective in treating AChR Ab+ gMG across a broad spectrum of adult Japanese patients with difficult‐to‐control gMG.
A single centre 20‐year retrospective cohort study: Percutaneous endoscopic colostomy
Authors: Farkas Nicholas , Kenny Ross , Conroy Michael , Harris Holly , Anele Chukwuemeka , Simson Jay , Levy Bruce
Published: June 2022

Aim

Percutaneous endoscopic colostomy (PEC) represents an important intervention in specific patients. Limited data currently exist. We present the largest recorded study of patients undergoing PEC.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of consultant logbooks highlighted all patients from 1997 to 2020. Two independent reviewers assessed records. Parameters measured were age, sex, indication, number of sites, complications, mortality and survival. Three subgroups were identified: recurrent sigmoid volvulus (RSV), pseudo‐obstruction and neurogenic. ANOVA, chi‐squared and Fischer's exact tests were utilized; Kaplan–Meier curves estimated survival and the log‐rank test was applied. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Ninety‐six PEC insertions were done on 91 patients (five reinsertions). There were 66 men (69%) and the mean age was 73.1 years (interquartile range 23). The indications were RSV n = 72, pseudo‐obstruction n = 13, neurogenic n = 11. The 30‐day complication rate was overall n = 27 (28%), RSV n = 23, pseudo‐obstruction n = 4. Nine patients leaked (9.9%) (eight RSV, one pseudo‐obstruction), of whom five died. 90‐day mortality was 14.6% (14 patients), 18.5% (13/72) for RSV, 7.7% (1/13) for pseudo‐obstruction. Overall recurrence following PEC was 10.4%. The median follow‐up was 25 months (interquartile range 4.6–62.2 months). At 3, 5 and 10 years survival was 46%, 34% and 26% for RSV, 70%, 55% and 15% for pseudo‐obstruction and 91%, 91% and 81% for neurogenic respectively.

Conclusion

Recurrent sigmoid volvulus and pseudo‐obstruction patients undergoing PEC compared to neurogenic patients have poorer outcomes with higher complication rates and shorter life expectancy. We advocate that high volume specialist units undertake PEC. The significant associated risks of PEC require careful consideration when determining patient suitability. Utilizing risk stratification scores may help guide shared decision making between patients, relatives and clinicians.
Ano‐rectovaginal fistula after obstetrical anal sphincter injury: Diverting stoma does not improve the surgical results
Authors: Venara Aurélien , Trilling Bertrand , Ngoma Marie , Brochard Charlène , Duchalais Emilie , Siproudhis Laurent , Faucheron Jean‐Luc , de Parades Vincent , Alves Arnaud , Cotte Eddy , Ouaissi Mehdi , Bridoux Valérie , Corbière Lisa , Heraud Jeanne , Ortega‐Deballon Pablo , Abo‐Alhassan Fawaz , Hamel Jean‐Francois
Published: June 2022

Aim

Ano‐rectovaginal fistulas (ARVF) are challenging for the surgeon. Most of the series mix aetiologies, leading to confusion with respect to the conclusion. The aim of this study was to assess the factors associated with the success of ARVF management following obstetrical anal sphincter injury (OASIS).

Methods

This retrospective multicentric study included all the patients undergoing surgery for ARVF identified by the hospital codes. Patients for whom the aetiology of ARVF was not OASIS were excluded. The major outcome measure was the success of the procedure.

Results

Sixty patients with treated ARVF due to OASIS were identified. The success of overall management was 91.7%. Female patients underwent a mean of 2.5 (±1.7) procedures. A diverting stoma was formed in 29 patients (48.3%) of which 26 were closed at the end of the management period (89.7%). Of the 148 surgical procedures, only 55 were successful (37.2%). The order of the procedures (OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 0.75–2.51) or the diverting stoma (OR = 1.46; 95% CI: 0.31–6.91) were not significantly associated with the success of the surgery. However, Martius flap (OR = 4.13; 95% CI: 1.1–15.54) and Musset procedures (OR = 5.79; 95% CI: 1.77–18.87) produced better results than the endorectal advancement flap (ERAF). The other procedures did not show a significant correlation with management success.

Conclusion

A diverting stoma is not mandatory in the management of ARVF due to OASIS to improve the success of the surgical procedure. While the Martius flap procedure offers better results, the ERAF procedure may be preferred as a primary intervention in the absence of sphincter injury as it is less invasive. In cases of residual sphincter injury, the Musset procedure is most likely to be the best option.
Comorbid diseases among bullous pemphigoid patients in Germany: new insights from a case‐control study
Authors: Martin Eva , Mauer Isabell , Malzahn Uwe , Heuschmann Peter Ulrich , Goebeler Matthias , Benoit Sandrine
Published: June 2022

Background and objectives

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Other comorbid diseases are discussed controversially. We evaluated the prevalence of comorbidity in BP patients in a representative area of Germany.

Patients and methods

Medical files of all BP patients treated at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany, between June 2002 and May 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Bullous pemphigoid was diagnosed based on established criteria. For each patient, two controls were individually matched. Records were evaluated for age, sex, laboratory values, concomitant medication and comorbidity. Conditional logistic regression, multivariable regression analysis and complex regression models were performed to compare results.

Results

300 BP patients were identified and compared to 583 controls. Bullous pemphigoid was associated with neuropsychiatric disorders as well as laboratory abnormalities including leukocytosis and eosinophilia. Importantly, a highly significant association of BP with anemia (OR 2.127; 95 % CI 1.532–2.953) and renal impairment (OR 2.218; 95 % CI 1.643–2.993) was identified. No association was found with malignancy and arterial hypertension.

Conclusions

Our data revealed an increased frequency of anemia and renal impairment in BP patients. In accordance with previous studies the strong association for neuropsychiatric disorders was confirmed (p < 0.0005).
Gel immersion endoscopic mucosal resection with acetic acid spray for sessile serrated lesion extending close to the appendiceal orifice
Authors: Takada Kazunori , Hotta Kinichi , Imai Kenichiro
Published: June 2022

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Ivermectin impacts on dung beetle diversity and their ecological functions in two distinct Brazilian ecosystems
Authors: Correa César M. A. , Ferreira Kleyton R. , Abot Alfredo R. , Louzada Julio , Vaz‐de‐Mello Fernando Z.
Published: June 2022

The indiscriminate use of Ivermectin is becoming a frequent scenario in Brazil, one of the largest beef cattle herds in the world, and the second‐highest commercial production, despite this product having harmful effects on non‐target organisms. Among these organisms, dung beetles are essential for the maintenance of ecosystem functioning in introduced pastures.

This study evaluated the effects of Ivermectin on dung beetle assemblage attributes (species richness, abundance, species composition, functional groups and indicator species) as well as their ecological functions (dung removal and soil bioturbation) in introduced pastures with different priorities for livestock intensification in Brazil; Amazon (high) and Pantanal (low).

We found a negative response of dung beetle assemblages to Ivermectin in both Brazilian ecosystems, where these negative effects were more pronounced in the Pantanal. Tunneler beetles are the functional group most negatively affected in both ecosystems. Finally, the Ivermectin reduces the ecological functions performed by dung beetles, with a dung removal reduction of ca. 50% and 70% in the Amazon and Pantanal, respectively.

The most negative impacts in the Brazilian Pantanal reflect the long‐term consequences due to a long history of Ivermectin use than in the Amazon. However, these results also indicate a drastic future for dung beetles in Amazonian pastures.

Thus, a sustainable cattle production system reducing Ivermectin use will be important for conserving dung beetles on introduced Brazilian pastures and the ecological functions that these insects provide in livestock‐dominated landscapes.
Place cells in the claustrum remap under NMDA receptor control
Authors: Rizzello Emanuela , Martin Seán K. , Rouine Jennifer , Callaghan Charlotte , Mathiasen Mathias L. , O'Mara Shane M.
Published: June 2022

Place cells are cells that exhibit location‐dependent responses; they have mostly been studied in the hippocampus. Place cells have also been reported in the rat claustrum, an underexplored paracortical region with extensive corto‐cortical connectivity. It has been hypothesised that claustral neuronal responses are anchored to cortical visual inputs. We show rat claustral place cells remap when visual inputs are eliminated from the environment, and that this remapping is NMDA‐receptor‐dependent. Eliminating visual input decreases claustral delta‐band oscillatory activity, increases theta‐band oscillatory activity, and increases simultaneously recorded visual cortical activity. We conclude that, like the hippocampus, claustral place field remapping might be mediated by NMDA receptor activity, and is modulated by visual cortical inputs.
TheDay‐in‐the‐Lifemethod for assessing infant caregiving in rural Pakistan
Authors: O'Donnell Karen J. , Gallis John A. , Turner Elizabeth L. , Hagaman Ashley K. , Scherer Elissa , Sikander Siham , Maselko Joanna
Published: June 2022

Objective

This manuscript describes the Day‐in‐the‐Life (DIL) method for assessing child caregiving activities, its implementation, and findings regarding family members' roles and associations with maternal depression symptoms.

Background

Infant caregiving activities are most commonly performed by the mother, although there is increasing acknowledgement of others' contribution. Few methods exist to measure the diverse caregiving activities that mothers and others perform.

Method

Method development occurred within the Bachpan Cohort Study in rural Pakistan (N = 1154 maternal–child dyads) when the child was 3 months old. The DIL was designed as a semi‐structured interview in which the mother describes her child's day from their perspective. Regression analyses were then used to explore the correlation between the DIL and depression symptoms, using the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) measure.

Results

The DIL method was easy to administer and displayed excellent interrater agreement. The findings indicated that instrumental caregiving was mostly provided by the mother alone, others in the household tended to contribute more to infant social interactions, and there was more support from others when the mother was less able to provide care (e.g., when ill). Depression symptoms were higher among women who experienced less contribution from family members when the mother was less able to provide care.

Conclusions

The DIL can be deployed to measure infant caregiving activities and associations with maternal mental health.

Implications

This method is promising for researchers interested in disentangling the contribution of multiple family members toward child caregiving and its impacts on maternal and child health.
Citizen science reveals waterfowl responses to extreme winter weather
Authors: Masto Nicholas M. , Robinson Orin J. , Brasher Michael G. , Keever Allison C. , Blake‐Bradshaw Abigail G. , Highway Cory J. , Feddersen Jamie C. , Hagy Heath M. , Osborne Douglas C. , Combs Daniel L. , Cohen Bradley S.
Published: June 2022

Global climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of extreme climatic events (ECEs) which may be especially detrimental during late‐winter when many species are surviving on scarce resources. However, monitoring animal populations relative to ECEs is logistically challenging. Crowd‐sourced datasets may provide opportunity to monitor species' responses to short‐term chance phenomena such as ECEs. We used 14 years of eBird—a global citizen science initiative—to examine distribution changes for seven wintering waterfowl species across North America in response to recent extreme winter polar vortex disruptions. To validate inferences from eBird, we compared eBird distribution changes against locational data from 362 GPS‐tagged Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) in the Mississippi Flyway. Distributional shifts between eBird and GPS‐tagged Mallards were similar following an ECE in February 2021. In general, the ECE affected continental waterfowl population distributions; however, responses were variable across species and flyways. Waterfowl distributions tended to stay near wintering latitudes or moved north at lesser distances compared with non‐ECE years, suggesting preparedness for spring migration was a stronger “pull” than extreme weather was a “push” pressure. Surprisingly, larger‐bodied waterfowl with grubbing foraging strategies (i.e., geese) delayed their northward range shift during ECE years, whereas smaller‐bodied ducks were less affected. Lastly, wetland obligate species shifted southward during ECE years. Collectively, these results suggest specialized foraging strategies likely related to resource limitations, but not body size, necessitate movement from extreme late‐winter weather in waterfowl. Our results demonstrate eBird's potential to monitor population‐level effects of weather events, especially severe ECEs. eBird and other crowd‐sourced datasets can be valuable to identify species which are adaptable or vulnerable to ECEs and thus, begin to inform conservation policy and management to combat negative effects of global climate change.
When blame avoidance backfires: Responses to performance framing and outgroup scapegoating during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Porumbescu Gregory , Moynihan Donald , Anastasopoulos Jason , Olsen Asmus Leth
Published: June 2022

Public officials use blame avoidance strategies when communicating performance information. While such strategies typically involve shifting blame to political opponents or other governments, we examine how they might direct blame to ethnic groups. We focus on the COVID‐19 pandemic, where the Trump administration sought to shift blame by scapegoating (using the term “Chinese virus”) and mitigate blame by positively framing performance information on COVID‐19 testing. Using a novel experimental design that leverages machine learning techniques, we find scapegoating outgroups backfired, leading to greater blame of political leadership for the poor administrative response, especially among conservatives. Backlash was strongest for negatively framed performance data, demonstrating that performance framing shapes blame avoidance outcomes. We discuss how divisive blame avoidance strategies may alienate even supporters.
Impact of precipitation on the two‐stage grassland eco‐subsidy policy effect on stocking reduction in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Dong Jiayu , Zhang Xinling , Liu Xiaoling , Ren Zimeng
Published: June 2022

China launched the Grassland Ecological Subsidy Policy in 2011 for restoring grassland ecology by paying pastoralists to downsize stocking on the degraded grasslands and compensate their income loss from livestock reduction. The policy, the largest payment for ecosystem services program targeting pastoralism in the world, has been so far through two 5‐year stages: 2011 to 2015 with a subsidy at 1.5 CNY per standard mu per year and 2016 to 2020 at 2.5 CNY increased to boost the stocking reduction. How was the boost effect? We investigated that stocking responses in 2010, 2015 and 2018 using the panel data of 410 herder households in the subpolicy forage‐livestock balance areas in Inner Mongolia, China, tested various attributes on stocking rate and stocking reduction rate at the two stages of the policy using econometric models of random effects and ordinary least squares. This study is the first empirical case containing the two 5‐year policy data and with both subsidy and precipitation effects. We confirmed the regulating impact of precipitation on the subsidy policy effect, and more precipitation in the second stage appeared to offset the effect of the increased subsidy. We suggested changing the subsidy targeting mechanism from rewarding stocking reduction to direct grassland restoration.
Diagnostic accuracy of an artificial intelligence online engine in migraine: A multi‐center study
Authors: Cowan Robert P. , Rapoport Alan M. , Blythe Jim , Rothrock John , Knievel Kerry , Peretz Addie M. , Ekpo Elizabeth , Sanjanwala Bharati M. , Woldeamanuel Yohannes W.
Published: June 2022

Objective

This study assesses the concordance in migraine diagnosis between an online, self‐administered, Computer‐based, Diagnostic Engine (CDE) and semi‐structured interview (SSI) by a headache specialist, both using International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD‐3) criteria.

Background

Delay in accurate diagnosis is a major barrier to headache care. Accurate computer‐based algorithms may help reduce the need for SSI‐based encounters to arrive at correct ICHD‐3 diagnosis.

Methods

Between March 2018 and August 2019, adult participants were recruited from three academic headache centers and the community via advertising to our cross‐sectional study. Participants completed two evaluations: phone interview conducted by headache specialists using the SSI and a web‐based expert questionnaire and analytics, CDE. Participants were randomly assigned to either the SSI followed by the web‐based questionnaire or the web‐based questionnaire followed by the SSI. Participants completed protocols a few minutes apart. The concordance in migraine/probable migraine (M/PM) diagnosis between SSI and CDE was measured using Cohen’s kappa statistics. The diagnostic accuracy of CDE was assessed using the SSI as reference standard.

Results

Of the 276 participants consented, 212 completed both SSI and CDE (study completion rate = 77%; median age = 32 years [interquartile range: 28–40], female:male ratio = 3:1). Concordance in M/PM diagnosis between SSI and CDE was: κ = 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75–0.91). CDE diagnostic accuracy: sensitivity = 90.1% (118/131), 95% CI: 83.6%–94.6%; specificity = 95.8% (68/71), 95% CI: 88.1%–99.1%. Positive and negative predictive values = 97.0% (95% CI: 91.3%–99.0%) and 86.6% (95% CI: 79.3%–91.5%), respectively, using identified migraine prevalence of 60%. Assuming a general migraine population prevalence of 10%, positive and negative predictive values were 70.3% (95% CI: 43.9%–87.8%) and 98.9% (95% CI: 98.1%–99.3%), respectively.

Conclusion

The SSI and CDE have excellent concordance in diagnosing M/PM. Positive CDE helps rule in M/PM, through high specificity and positive likelihood ratio. A negative CDE helps rule out M/PM through high sensitivity and low negative likelihood ratio. CDE that mimics SSI logic is a valid tool for migraine diagnosis.
A new sustainable change theoretical framework for the professional disciplines
Authors: O'Connell Brendan T. , Stupans Ieva , Jollands Margaret
Published: June 2022

This paper contends that one key reason for the lack of adoption of comprehensive change models based in higher education (HE) teaching and learning is that they lack a strong theoretical underpinning, thus potentially impeding their effectiveness in dealing with the complexities of human and organisational behaviour. Change theories that articulate the specific roles and influences of context, time and key actors in the change process are interrogated to highlight barriers to sustainable change in HE. A new theoretical framework for sustainable change is proposed that integrates these change theories in the context of HE professional disciplines. The findings provide several recommendations for university management in implementing change models including the provision of reciprocal feedback loops, enhanced learning for staff and students through scaffolding, developing workplace and professional networks, and implementing study and work unit flexibility.
Towards a trans‐regional approach to early medieval Iberia
Authors: Carvajal Castro Álvaro , Marques André Evangelista , Barrett Graham , Agúndez San Miguel Leticia , Castro Correa Ainoa , Fernández Ferreiro Marcos , Jarrett Jonathan , Peterson David , Quetglas Munar Rosa , Sánchez Pardo José Carlos , Santos Salazar Igor , Tomás Faci Guillermo
Published: June 2022

The past few decades have witnessed great change in the study of the early Middle Ages in the Northern Iberian Peninsula. Spanish and Portuguese historiographies have moved away from older grand narratives such as ‘Reconquest and Repopulation’, which traced a centuries‐long process encompassing the ultimate victory of Christianity over Islam and the construction of distinct nations or national societies. The basic tenets of these and other essentialist approaches to a period traditionally seen as the cradle of Spain and Portugal have been questioned and now superseded by a clearer awareness of the territorial diversity characterising the 8th to 11th centuries. Yet the ballast of both nationalism and regionalism has obstructed meaningful comparison amongst the Iberian regions to date. Drawing on the work of the research groupEarlyMedIberia, this article argues for a new trans‐regional approach to Northern Iberia, looking beyond political and geographical boundaries to consider the whole in a comparative light, and stressing the commonalities between regional and local societies. It does so by providing an overview of the extant charter material from before 1100 (indicating the principal editions) and by reviewing the major historiography. The conclusion proposes a closer assessment of the differences and similarities amongst regional historiographies, based on a more nuanced understanding of how they have been moulded by the specificities of the charter corpus in each region, as the first step towards a more integrated, contextualised, and rigorously comparative approach to the early Middle Ages in Northern Iberia.
The financial US uncertainty spillover multiplier: Evidence from a GVAR model
Authors: Salisu Afees A. , Gupta Rangan , Demirer Riza
Published: June 2022

This study examines the role of the global financial cycle (GFCy) in the propagation of uncertainty shocks from the United States to other national economies using a large‐scale global vector autoregressive model of 33 countries. Although the dominant role of US uncertainty over global economic dynamics is established, the findings highlight the moderating role of the GFCy in the spillover effects of uncertainty shocks. The US uncertainty shocks, compared with own‐domestic uncertainty shocks, are found to have a more prominent negative impact on output during stressed market conditions, implied by low values of the GFCy, while the impact turns largely insignificant during high GFCy states. The findings provide evidence in favour of a US uncertainty spillover multiplier, suggesting that the design of monetary policy as a response to US uncertainty needs to be contingent on the state of the integrated global financial markets, captured by the GFCy.
Understanding climate change impacts on biome and plant distributions in the Andes: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Tovar Carolina , Carril Andrea F. , Gutiérrez Alvaro G. , Ahrends Antje , Fita Lluis , Zaninelli Pablo , Flombaum Pedro , Abarzúa Ana M. , Alarcón Diego , Aschero Valeria , Báez Selene , Barros Agustina , Carilla Julieta , Ferrero M. Eugenia , Flantua Suzette G. A. , Gonzáles Paúl , Menéndez Claudio G. , Pérez‐Escobar Oscar A. , Pauchard Aníbal , Ruscica Romina C. , Särkinen Tiina , Sörensson Anna A. , Srur Ana , Villalba Ricardo , Hollingsworth Peter M.
Published: June 2022

Aim

Climate change is expected to impact mountain biodiversity by shifting species ranges and the biomes they shape. The extent and regional variation in these impacts are still poorly understood, particularly in the highly biodiverse Andes. Regional syntheses of climate change impacts on vegetation are pivotal to identify and guide research priorities. Here we review current data, knowledge and uncertainties in past, present and future climate change impacts on vegetation in the Andes.

Location: Andes.

Taxon: Plants.

Methods

We (i) conducted a literature review on Andean vegetation responses to past and contemporary climatic change, (ii) analysed future climate projections for different elevations and slope orientations at 19 Andean locations using an ensemble of model outputs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5, and (iii) calculated changes in the suitable climate envelope area of Andean biomes and compared these results to studies that used species distribution models.

Results

Future climatic changes (2040–2070) are projected to be stronger at high‐elevation areas in the tropical Andes (up to 4°C under RCP 8.5), while in the temperate Andes temperature increases are projected to be up to 2°C. Under this worst‐case scenario, temperate deciduous forests and the grasslands/steppes from the Central and Southern Andes are predicted to show the greatest losses of suitable climatic space (30% and 17%–23%, respectively). The high vulnerability of these biomes contrasts with the low attention from researchers modelling Andean species distributions. Critical knowledge gaps include a lack of an Andean wide plant checklist, insufficient density of weather stations at high‐elevation areas, a lack of high‐resolution climatologies that accommodates the Andes' complex topography and climatic processes, insufficient data to model demographic and ecological processes, and low use of palaeo data for distribution modelling.

Main conclusions

Climate change is likely to profoundly affect the extent and composition of Andean biomes. Temperate Andean biomes in particular are susceptible to substantial area contractions. There are, however, considerable challenges and uncertainties in modelling species and biome responses and a pressing need for a region‐wide approach to address knowledge gaps and improve understanding and monitoring of climate change impacts in these globally important biomes.
Childhood exposure to family violence and adult sibling relationships
Authors: Kong Jooyoung , Goldberg Jaime
Published: June 2022

Objective

This study investigated how experiencing childhood family violence can affect aspects of adult sibling relationships.

Background

Established evidence shows the long‐term effects of childhood adversity on several domains of adult lives. Few studies, however, have examined the impact that childhood family violence exposure has on sibling relationships later in adulthood. To address this gap, this study examined the latent class structure of childhood exposure to family violence. We also investigated whether and how latent class membership predicted aspects of adult sibling relationships, including geographical proximity, contact frequency, perceived closeness, similarity in outlook, and support exchange.

Method

Data for the study were obtained from 3921 adult participants in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. Using the Bolck, Croon, and Hagenaars (BCH) approach of latent class analysis (LCA), we identified five latent classes (prevalence rate noted): No Exposure to Family Violence (75%), Exposed to Intersibling Violence (7%), Exposed to Overall Family Violence (4%), Exposed to Paternal and Interparental Violence (10%), and Exposed to Maternal and Interparental Violence (5%).

Results

Childhood family violence was a significant predictor of adult sibling relationships. Specifically, we found that the Intersibling Violence, Overall Family Violence, and Paternal and Interparental Violence classes showed lower levels of perceived emotional closeness and similarity in values/outlook with their siblings than the No Exposure to Violence class.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that childhood exposure to family violence may have long‐term negative effects on the emotional aspect of sibling relationships in adulthood.
Will your Study Make the World A Better Place?
Authors: Markman Gideon D.
Published: June 2022

This Point‐Counterpoint (PCP) on the Responsible Research in Business and Management (RRBM) movement features three essays on the roles of science and scholars in addressing problems that are significant to both business and society. This introduction discusses three areas that seem to hinder the RRBM movement. The first is that the movement seeks to ‘own the responsible research domain’. A second is that using societal impact to adjudicate whether a single study is ‘responsible’ or ‘irresponsible’ can be irresponsible. A final hindrance are some unintended consequences of overstressing societal impact. Despite these concerns, the three essays bring tremendous clarity and hope to scholars who want their studies to make the world a better place.
Race discrimination in the adjudication of claims: Evidence from earthquake insurance
Authors: Lin Xiao , Browne Mark J. , Hofmann Annette
Published: June 2022

Catastrophic events affect many people simultaneously. We exploit earthquake claim characteristics to test for racial discrimination in the adjudication of insurance claims. Using data from the Oklahoma Department of Insurance, the US Geological Survey, and the US census, we study eight earthquakes between 2010 and 2016 that were linked to oil and gas drilling activities. We test whether claim resolutions differ among zip‐code areas with different racial compositions, all else equal. We find evidence that claims from areas with higher percentages of Black population were less likely to result in payment, and when those claims did get paid, payments were lower in those areas. We further investigate the mechanisms through which such discrimination may exist. We do not find evidence that the percentages of Black, Native, or Asian population in an area are associated with the filing of marginal claims. We do find that areas with higher percentages of Hispanic population file fewer marginal claims.