bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Responsabilidad jurídica de las instituciones educativas frente al bullying
Authors: Morales Ortega Helena , Nubia Marrugo Nuñez Nubia
Published: August 2020

Este artículo de investigación plantea que la violencia escolar o bullying es una problemática social que involucra distintos mecanismos desde la prevención, tratamiento y sanciones a imponer, en caso de ser necesario. Así mismo, realiza un recorrido sobre las diversas responsabilidades como la moral,  la jurídica y la civil. La primera, como  aquella que se presenta al momento de violar o infringir las normas morales o religiosas y cuyo resultado no se exterioriza, mientras que la responsabilidad jurídica sucede cuando, a causa de una acción u omisión, se genera un perjuicio a otra persona o cuando el resultado de esos hechos es contrario al orden social. La responsabilidad civil concierne a las instituciones educativas, y específicamente en los rectores como representantes legales de esas personas jurídicas. Se concluye que corresponde en la escuela al docente o profesor y a los otros profesionales que día a día están en contacto con los niños, niñas y adolescente, un rol activo en la detección temprana, la prevención y la puesta en marcha de mecanismos de intervención ante la violencia escolar, sin olvidar la responsabilidad  de las instituciones gubernamentales, que marcan las directrices encaminadas a formar seres humanos integrales, con valores y principios éticos y morales.
Modern prerequisites for the formation of a system of indicators of sustainable development of socio-economic systems
Authors: Sausheva Oksana , Maykova Svetlana , Kirdyashkina Svetlana
Published: August 2020

The growth of the world economy that does not meet the requirements of environmental sustainability is accompanied by an increase in anthropogenic pressure on the environment, which leads to an aggravation of environmental problems and increases the likelihood of man-made accidents and catastrophes. In this situation, the direction of scientific research in the field of forming a unified methodology for comprehensive analysis and evaluation of sustainable development, as a simultaneous balanced economic development and environmental conservation, becomes important. The currently used methodological approaches do not always provide a comprehensive assessment of the results achieved in economic development from the perspective of financial and economic indicators, and address social and environmental issues. The solution to this problem is possible by modifying the modern system of indicators of sustainable development of socio-economic systems based on the wider use of the DSR model («Driving forces (previously-pressure) – state-reaction») / DSR («Driving Force – State – Response»). The article presents a conceptual analysis of the system of indicators of sustainable development based on the «driving forces – state – response» model used by the Organization for economic cooperation and development. Economic activity affects (exerts «pressure», uses «driving forces») the environment, the quality and quantity of natural resources («state»); in turn, society and the state changes public consciousness and behavior, conducts environmental measures («reaction»). Possible directions of modernization of this system of indicators are defined. It is concluded that the use of an interconnected system of indicators can improve the effectiveness of public policy due to objective, reliable and comparable information about the environment and sustainable development.
Modeling of compositions and predicting properties of modified mixtures for rough thin-layer coatings
Authors: Chernykh Dmitriy , Pakin Mihail
Published: August 2020

In recent years, the approach to experimental and statistical research and optimization of complex multicomponent systems has changed radically. In various fields of scientific and technical research, methods of mathematical planning of experiments are successfully used. Their wide application significantly increases the effectiveness of research, as well as proves their universality and suitability in most studies of building materials.
As a result, the authors present a method of mathematical planning of the experiment, which is used to optimize the composition and properties of modified mixtures for rough thin-layer coatings. This method allows a fairly complete and comprehensive assessment of the effect of components on the properties of modified mixtures and to obtain a mathematical model of the process in graphical form, as well as to obtain a theoretical model for evaluating and predicting the physical, mechanical and operational properties of the materials under study.
In this article, the first stage of research was used to select the percentage of binder, hydrate lime and additives, and also studied the influence of the variation factor of these components on the physical and mechanical properties of the mixture. At the second stage, changes in response functions were investigated.
The results of a complete three-factor experiment allowed us to establish rational ranges of values of the studied components in order to obtain mixtures for rough concolay coatings with optimal values of physical, mechanical and operational parameters.
Surface preparation as one of the main factors for ensuring the durability of anti-corrosion coatings
Authors: Bezgodov Aleksei , Ovchinnikov Ilya
Published: August 2020

This article is devoted to the protection of bridge metal structures from corrosion. The article was written with the aim of studying one of the stages of anti-corrosion treatment, namely the preparation of the surface before applying a protective coating.
In the article, the authors address the problem of the durability of paint coatings, and point to the main reasons, to a greater extent, affecting the service life.
Studying the problem of the durability of protective coatings, the authors distinguish such a stage as preparing the metal surface of the bridge structure before applying the paintwork. The authors tell how important the preparation of the surface is and what negative consequences are possible if it is disturbed or not.
For a more detailed study of the problem, the authors consider several methods of preparing the surface of the structure, such as: abrasive blast cleaning, phosphating the surface and heat treatment. When studying the above mentioned methods, the authors describe the technology of the work, the main factors affecting the final result of processing, as well as the positive and negative sides of each of the methods. For each of the surface treatment methods, the authors present illustrations that clearly show the basic concept of the selected treatment option.
Summing up the comparative analysis of surface treatment methods before applying anti-corrosion coatings, the authors chose the most optimal processing method, as well as concluded that the importance of this stage and the possibility of its further improvement.
Transplante hepático em sarcoma embrionário indiferenciado de fígado em adultos: relato de caso
Authors: Cruz Stefany de Lima , Takenaka Vanessa Suemi , Borges Felipe Sbrolini , Souza Tiago Emanuel de , Bernal Filho Arnaldo , Peron Junior Gilberto , Pereira André Gustavo Santos , Mancero Jorge Marcelo Padilla , David Andre Ibrahim
Published: August 2020

O sarcoma embrionário indiferenciado de fígado (SEIF) consiste em uma neoplasia maligna rara com etiopatogenia ainda pouco conhecida, acometendo em sua maioria crianças na faixa etária entre 6 e 10 anos. Corresponde a 7% dos tumores primários de fígado, e é a quarta neoplasia hepática mais frequente na pediatria. O diagnóstico do SEIF se dá em um conjunto de achados de imagem, idade e nível de alfa-fetoproteína (AF), que geralmente está normal, assim como as provas de função hepática. O diagnóstico precoce é prejudicado pelos sintomas inespecíficos, como dor abdominal, massa abdominal palpável de rápido crescimento, febre, perda de peso e sintomas gastrintestinais. O achado de imagem mais característico é o de massa grande, única e bem-delimitada. A ultrassonografia mostra massa predominantemente sólida e ecogênica. Já a tomografia computadorizada evidencia uma massa que assume característica principalmente cística. Histologicamente é evidenciado tecido mixoide com células neoplásicas fusiformes. Alguns estudos imuno-histoquímicos indicam origem mesenquimal do SEIF. O aspecto macroscópico do tumor se apresenta como grande massa hepática, de componente sólido predominantemente, com algumas áreas císticas, hemorragia e necrose em até 80% de sua superfície. Ainda não é bem-definida a melhor abordagem para o tratamento do sarcoma primário de fígado. As opções terapêuticas incluem ressecção cirúrgica, quimioterapia, radioterapia e transplante hepático (TH). Porém, nos casos de tumores irressecáveis, o TH é uma opção que deve ser considerada, uma vez que nesse tipo histológico tanto quimioterapia como radioterapia têm benefício questionável. Este artigo tem por objetivo relatar um caso de SEIF gigante, com invasão vascular, submetido a TH com boa evolução pós-operatória e sem sinais de recidiva após nove meses de TH.
Antrophyum nambanense, A New Vittarioid Fern (Pteridaceae; Polypodiales) From Vietnam
Authors: Chen Cheng-Wei , Dang Minh Tri , Luu Hong Truong , Kao Tzu-Tong , Huang Yao-Moan , Li Chia-Wei
Published: August 2020

Abstract—A new species, Antrophyum nambanense, is described here based on the evidence from morphology and molecular phylogeny. Morphologically, short taeniform soral paraphyses and large fronds are the diagnostic characteristics of A. nambanense.
Phylogenetically, it is most closely related to A. annamense, but can be readily distinguished from A. annamense by taeniform soral paraphyses (vs. filiform). We suggest A. nambanense is an allopolyploid of hybrid origin involving A. annamense and A. henryi,
based on the evidence of morphology, phylogenetic position, chromosome number, and partially malformed spores. A description, photographs of key characters, distribution, conservation status, and ecology of the new species are presented. In addition, A. nambanense is also the first
confirmed species with chlorophyllous spores in Antrophyum. Lastly, an updated key to all known Antrophyum species in Vietnam, including A. henryi as a new record for the country, is provided.
Ipomoea bonsai (Convolvulaceae), a Magnificent New Species from the Caatinga Domain, Brazil
Authors: Santos Diego , Alencar Juliana , Bezerra Loiola Maria Iracema , Buril Maria Teresa
Published: August 2020

Abstract—A new species of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae), endemic to the Caatinga domain of northeastern Brazil, is described and illustrated. Ipomoea bonsai has often been misidentified as I. brasiliana or I. subincana in herbarium collections,
probably due to the densely pubescent and brochidodromous leaves of all three species. The new species is a shrub, with unexpectedly robust stems and scandent branches. A diagnosis, with a complete morphological description, illustrations, taxonomic comments, conservation status, distribution
map, and photographs are presented.
622.2 URMC HTC Rapid Clearing of Thick Human Lung Tissue Sections v1
Authors: Poole Cory , S Pryhuber Gloria
Published: August 2020

Purpose and Scope of the Procedure: Provide a relatively rapid clearing of lung tissue sections up to 1 millimeter thick for immunofluorescence staining and imaging with confocal or multiphoton microscopy. Current protocol is limited to tissue sections that are free from severe hemorrhage/thrombosis, containing mostly parenchyma, vessels, and smaller bronchioles. Times and solution volumes may need to be altered slightly if one wishes to clear sections containing a lot of cartilage and/or blood. Scientific Principles: One of the major challenges in conventional brightfield, epifluorescence, and even confocal microscopy is the limitation in imaging depth. This is primarily due to the scattering and absorption of light within the sample of both the excitation light and the emission light leading to a drastic reduction in the image brightness and contrast when deeper than a 100µm. Clearing offers a way around this by both reducing the components that negatively impact the light and by matching the refractive index of the mounting medium to that of the components which make up the tissue, leading to an almost transparent appearance. This protocol is a slight modification of a Clear Unobstructed Brain/Body Imaging Cocktail (CUBIC) protocol described by Kubota et al. developed originally to allow the analysis of cancer metastasis within the bodies of entire mice. By taking advantage of the fact lung tissue has plenty of open spaces and a very large surface area we can reduce the time in each of the solutions to allow complete clearing of the tissue sections to within just a few days. References: ·Light Microscopy Methods and Protocols (2017). p. 74 ·Kubota et al., (2017). Whole-Body Profiling of Cancer Metastasis with Single-Cell Resolution.Cell Reports 20, 236–250
sci-RNA-seq3 v1
Authors: Cao, Jay Shendure Junyue
Published: August 2020

Single-cell combinatorial indexing (‘sci-’) is a methodological framework that employs split-pool barcoding to uniquely label the nucleic acid contents of large numbers of single cells or nuclei. Although the throughput of ‘sci-’ methods increases exponentially with the number of rounds of indexing, this potential has yet to be fully realized because of other factors such as the rate of cell loss and the limited reaction efficiency of some steps. To address this, we developed and extensively optimized 3-level sci-RNA-seq (sci-RNA-seq3), resulting in a workflow that can profile millions of cells per experiment. As previously multiple samples (e.g. replicates, timepoints, etc.) can be barcoded during the first round of indexing and concurrently processed.
Detection of anti- Keyhole limpet hemocynin (anti-KLH) in rats bydouble immunodiffusion (Ouchterlony) technique. v1
Authors: A Justiz-Vaillant Angel , McFarlane-Anderson Norma
Published: August 2020

Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) is a cooper-containing protein comprising of subunits with MW of 400 kDa. This protein is found in the hemolymph of the sea mollusk Megathura crenulata. It has the ability to enhance the host’s immune response by interacting with monocytes, T cells and macrophages. KLH has been used primarily as a carrier for vaccines and antigens [1]. It was found that chicken immunized with KLH bound peptide raised an anti-KLH immunoresponse [2]. This can be tested by a single method such as the Ouchterlony technique. Reference 1. Aarntzen EH, de Vries IJ, Göertz JH, et al. Humoral anti-KLH responses in cancer patients treated with dendritic cell-based immunotherapy are dictated by different vaccination parameters.Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2012;61(11):2003-2011. doi:10.1007/s00262-012-1263-z 2. Justiz Vaillant AA, Anderson MF, Smikle M, Wisdom B, Mohammed W, et al. (2013) Development of Anti HIV Gp120 and HIV Gp41 Peptide Vaccines. J Vaccines Vaccin 4: 206. doi: 10.4172/2157-7560.1000206
Baxter estimates of the Hurst parameter of fractional Brownian motion
Authors: Pashko A. O. , Synyavska O. O.
Published: August 2020

In the paper consistent estimates of the Hurst parameter of fractional Brownian motion are obtained and confidence intervals of the obtained estimates are constructed. In many applications related to data processing, it is necessary to estimate the Hurst parameter. Among such tasks is the task of signal processing and analysis, when the signal can be considered as the imposition of a useful signal and background noise. Background noise is usually a combination of stochastic and fractal components. Numerical indicators of these properties are, respectively, the Hurst index, the stability index, the coefficients of the relationship of increments, which generalize the autocorrelation function. Obviously, the estimation of the Hurst index is a priority in the analysis of self-similar processes. Currently, there are many methods for estimating the Hurst parameter, but they are all focused on individual cases of processes where the property of self-similarity is combined with either long-term dependence (fractional Brownian motion), or with heavy tails. RS-analysis, disperse-time analysis and deviation analysis are most often used in estimating the Hurst parameter. A common feature of these methods is that they are all based on the use of statistical properties of second-order samples (variance, standard deviation, correlation coefficients).
Conservation laws in dynamic fracture tasks
Authors: Husak V. O.
Published: August 2020

Two fracture model under elastic wave action are considered: with energy dissipation while fracturing and without energy dissipation. The conservation of integrals of the complete mechanical energy and the quantities of motion of the fragments of the rod is investigated. For the model of fracture without energy dissipation, the complete mechanical energy is stored. For a fracture model involving energy dissipation, the complete mechanical energy decreases, although the motion of the inertia center remains. Therefore, dynamic fracture occurs due to the dissipation of the energy of the wave process in the rod. The application of the models is illustrated by an example of a study of quasistatic fracture by the propagation of a brittle crack. The dependence of the fracture energy on the crack size as well as the complete fracture energy were obtained.
Interferometry feedback in the laser resonator. Parametric model
Authors: Otto G. K.
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to an alternative view on the explanation of the mechanism of action of devices based on laser feedback interferometry (LFI-model), which is caused by contradictions between the theory of existing models and practical results. A view other than the Lang-Kobayashi model (LK model) and the parametric LFI model (P model) are proposed. Due to the theory, which is based on the parametric properties of the LFI-model, the level of advantage of LFI technology over traditional technologies is quantitatively substantiated. The article gives an example of calculating the useful signal power. It is calculated that at a distance of 500 meters, the signal according to the P-model is 34 dB higher than the signal calculated by traditional models. Thus, from the traditional models follows the inverse square dependence of the signal-to-noise ratio (S / N ratio, hereinafter - SNR) on the distance to the target l_t, viz.: SNR ~ l_t^{-2}. In practice, the SNR is much higher. Within the P-model, another dependence of SNR on l_t, is theoretically proved and experimentally confirmed, viz.: SNR ~ (l_t * ln l_t^2)^{-1/2}. Traditional models do not consider the presence of a useful signal in the pump current, while, in fact, its power is more than 10 times greater than the radiation power in the resonator. The P-model eliminates contradictions between theoretical models and practical results.
Improving the Degree of Pubic Arch Post–Yoga Exercise During Pregnancy
Authors: Kaneko Hiromi Ito , Uehara Masayuki
Published: August 2020

Yoga exercises undertaken during the maternity period may reduce unpleasant symptoms during pregnancy and reduce delivery pain. Flexibility of the hip joint improves the degree of pubic arch created in an open-leg posture and widens the pelvic outlet region, shortening the time required for delivery and facilitating easy delivery. The degree of pubic arch is related to the flexibility of the hip joint. Although many studies have shown the effect of yoga exercise during pregnancy, the effect on the degree of the pubic arch has not been elucidated. To elucidate whether the degree of the pubic arch is improved by yoga exercise during pregnancy, this study enrolled 177 pregnant subjects. The degree of pubic arch pre– and post–yoga exercise was measured using instruments in an open-leg posture (seated with femurs abducted). The mean pubic arch pre- and post-yoga was 122.61 and 127.93 degrees, respectively. The degree of pubic arch post–yoga sessions was significantly increased compared with pre–yoga sessions (p < 0.01). This study showed that yoga exercises during the pregnancy period appear to improve the degree of pubic arch.
Hydrastis Canadensis in obstetrics
Authors: Kuhn F.
Published: August 2020

The desire to find a remedy that would have a hemostatic effect and would not have an ecbolic effect, prompted the author to try Hydrastis Canadensis on 64 women pregnant and mothers in labor.
Observations and facts from rural medical practice. 1. To the question of the treatment of childbirth with a narrow pelvis (3 cases)
Authors: Rutkovskiy A.
Published: August 2020

Protracted the 1st birth with the head end. The bladder is very distended with urine, which could not be released, since the squeezed urethra did not pass the catheter. True conjugate 81/2 s. (the author does not mention how the true conjugate was determined neither in this nor in the following cases, ref.). The child is dead. A dead macerated boy with pronounced traces of forceps on his head was removed by very energetic traction. "Postpartum course with mild fever and pain in the lower abdomen, but the postpartum woman recovered after 3 weeks."
On the question of the treatment of ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Kuhn F.
Published: August 2020

Is there surgery or palliative care in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy? This is the question that the author asks himself and to which he answers in favor of surgical intervention.
Bacilli that form gas in colpohyperplasia cystica
Authors: Soloviev A.
Published: August 2020

In 1888, Eisenlohr isolated short rods in pure form in Colpohyperplasia cystica and in one similar disease of the bladder and intestine, and these bacilli formed gas in agar, gelatin and broth. Although subcutaneous inoculations of rabbits and guinea pigs were unsuccessful, Eisenlohr considers the bacilli he isolated as highly probable pathogens of emphysematous colpitis.
A case of a uterine tumor
Authors: Kuhn F.
Published: August 2020

The author reports a case of uterine fibroid that he operated on in May 1891, recognized as such already 6 years before the operation (in 1885 he was not operated on due to the refusal of the patient). The operation itself, carried out in compliance with all the rules of asepsis, went completely smoothly: there were no adhesions, the blood loss was equal to one ounce. Postoperative course without complications: recovery on the 21st day. The tumor occupied the fundus of the uterus and closely covered the right ovary; on the right side of it there were several small, softer cyst-like protrusions ("bunches or protrusions").
Treatment of uterine fibroids by injection of ergotine into the tumor tissue
Authors: Kuhn F.
Published: August 2020

Proceeding from the opinion that any method of treatment leading to a decrease in severe suffering or to a cure of uterine fibroids should be published, the author reports from his practice 3 cases of uterine fibroids treated by him with ergotine injections into the tumor tissue
Three cases of supravaginal excision of the uterus and similar cases used by electrolysis
Authors: Kuhn F.
Published: August 2020

In a 48-year-old woman, the author removed the uterine fibroma, which had existed for 6 years, with a supravaginal hysterectomy. Tumor weight was 20 lbs; its dimensions: anteroposterior circumference = 231/2 inches, transverse = 223/4 in., diameter from leg to apex = 13 in., transverse diameter = 12, and vertical diameter 91/2 in. The microscope showed the predominance of fibrous tissue; numerous lymphatic spaces were filled with fibrin.
Dermatol is not a substitute for idoform
Authors: Fisher A.
Published: August 2020

The question of the significance of dermatol as a dressing agent is not yet fully clarified (see articles by Heinz and Liebrecht, O. Rosenthal, Sackur in "Berl. Klin. Wochencshr.", 1891, No. 24, 29 , 30 and 32, and the author's report at the last congress of the German Gynecological Society in Bonn). In this article, on the basis of further observations, the author seeks to distinguish between indications for the use of dermatol and iodoform in dry dressings.
On the use of ichthyol and lysol in gynecology and obstetrics
Authors: Brandt A.
Published: August 2020

The author, at the suggestion of Martin, tried the action of ichthyol in 4G cases of the most diverse forms of diseases of the female genital area.
A case of uterine artery aneurysm
Authors: Krasnopolskiy F.
Published: August 2020

The patient complains of a feeling of pulsation in the lower abdomen. When investigated in the left arch is determined by an elastic tumor, spherical, very clearly pulsating; the tumor is placed in the left broad ligament immediately above the fornix, which it protrudes from top to bottom, tightly adjoins the uterus from the place of attachment of the fornix almost to the bottom of the uterus; its size is about a hen's egg, the surface above and below is smooth, a transverse groove runs along the front surface; with prolonged pressure, the tumor decreases by half, with the cessation of pressure, it quickly returns to normal.
Otoacoustic emissions: major trends in pediatric practice
Authors: Garbaruk Ekaterina S. , Pavlov Pavel V. , Gorkina Oksana K. , Subora Nina V. , Belogurova Margarita B.
Published: August 2020

The high prevalence of hearing loss in children determines the need for reliable methods for the timely detection and diagnosis of hearing impairment at any age, starting from a birth. Otoacoustic emissions are widely used in hearing screening and audiological assessment as an objective tool for cochlear status evaluation. Over the past 30 years, their use in routine audiological assessments has increased significantly. Understanding the subtle processes that occur in the cochlea during the transmission of acoustic stimuli which generate otoacoustic emissions as well as knowledge about the registration parameters, otoacoustic emissions characteristics, otoacoustic emissions advantages and constraints are important for results analysis. Contemporary understanding of the occurrence of auditory sensations as well as the description of various types of otoacoustic emissions used in routine clinical practice (transient otoacoustic emissions and distorting product otoacoustic emissions) are presented in the review. The features of otoacoustic emissions using in pediatric practice are described: in newborns hearing screening, including the peculiarities of applying of this test for infants having had got their treatment in the intensive care units. Otoacoustic emissions significance for hearing diagnosis and as well as for ototoxicity monitoring is shown. Reliability, non-invasiveness, objectivity, simplicity of the otoacoustic emissions testing has done it one of the main methods both in hearing screening and diagnostics for children on any age.
Doctor, scientist, leader. In memory of Ekaterina Tikhonovna Bokova
Authors: Kalinina Elena Yu. , Davydova Zlata V. , Nasyrov Ruslan A. , Anichkov Nikolay M. , Nazarov Yuri V. , Samoilova Nadezhda E.
Published: August 2020

The article is dedicated to Ekaterina Tikhonovna Bokova, who left a bright trace in the memory and hearts of people who connected their lives with forensic medicine. After graduating from the 1st Leningrad Medical Institute and graduate studies at the Department of Forensic Medicine. Ekaterina Tikhonovna was appointed head of the Forensic Medical Examination of the LHE. When appointing, Bokovas business qualities were taken into account: her high efficiency, directness, determination, modesty, as well as successful work in the Komsomol and the recommendations of Professor M.I. Raysky. Since 1940, she began to combine as an assistant of the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Leningrad Pediatric Medical Institute (LPMI). The whole period of the Great Patriotic E.T. The lateral war remained in Leningrad, led the forensic medical expert service of the city, and from March 1942 until June 1944 she also temporarily acted as head of the department of forensic medicine at the LPMI. Thanks to the courage and selfless work of the Leningrad forensic doctors, led by Ekaterina Tikhonovna, it was possible not only to maintain expert research in the besieged city at the required level, but also to return to the pre-war organization of work as soon as possible. Ekaterina Tikhonovna was awarded the medals For the Defense of Leningrad and For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War. In the postwar years, E.T. Bokova continued to lead, actively engaged in research and teaching work. In 1952, E.T. Bokova defended her thesis Morphological features of damage to the soft integument of the head and bones of the skull with chopping weapons. In addition to scientific and teaching work, Ekaterina Tikhonovna was an active social activist, was elected as a deputy of the Vyborg District Council of Leningrad, a member of the Vyborg District CPSU Committee. February 24, 1965 Ekaterina Tikhonovna suddenly died.
Features of the quality of life of achievers with different levels of cognitive development
Authors: Lebedenko Alexander A. , Levchin Artyom M. , Ershova Irina B. , Glusko Yulia V.
Published: August 2020

One of the urgent problems of medicine is the relationship between the main aspects of the quality of life and the cognitive abilities of primary school children. This problem also covers issues of pedagogy, psychology and social aspects of the life of the child population. The results of the study led to the conclusion about the main aspects of the quality of life (PedsQL 4.0 questionnaire), interrelated with the level of intellectual development (D. Wexlers method modified by A.Yu. Panasyuk (1973)) and academic performance (questionnaire) of first-graders at the beginning and at the end school year. The material was processed using the Mann Whitney U-test and the Wilcoxon W-test, for dependent and independent variables. A significant tendency towards a decrease in social and school functioning, psychosocial health, as well as emotional functioning at the end of the school year is shown, which indicates a decrease in adaptive mechanisms in younger students. The discrepancy between the level of IQ indicators and school performance of children was revealed. It was determined that children doing well at school had higher quality of life indicators. The most vulnerable for all the children studied was the psychosocial aspect of health. It was shown that in children with a high level of cognitive development, the emotional aspect of health decreased during the year, in primary school children with a low level of cognitive development, school functioning, and with an average, an increase in indicators of physical functioning. Given the identified features of the quality of life, which depend on the level of cognitive development, it is important to observe an individual approach to training, with the involvement of specialists from the psychological level.
Meningococcal infection in modern conditions: clinical, microbiological and preventive aspects
Authors: Markova Кsenija V. , Skripchenko Natalia V. , Lobzin Yuriy V. , Karev Vadim E. , Vilnits Alla A. , Gorelik Eugeniy Yu. , Martens Elvira A. , Sidorenko Sergey V.
Published: August 2020

The problem of meningococcal infection remains relevant due to the high epidemiological and social significance throughout the world, the unpredictability of the course, a wide range of clinical manifestations (from asymptomatic carriage to extremely severe generalized forms) with a high risk of life-threatening conditions and deaths, and a significant incidence of disability after past illness (loss of limbs, deafness, mental inferiority, and more). The changing serogroup landscape of meningococcal infection with an increase in the incidence of diseases caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W, Y and others is noteworthy. The article presents an analytical review of literature and reflects current clinical, epidemiological, diagnostic and preventive trends in the Russian Federation and abroad. The review focuses on the epidemiological features of meningococcal infection, depending on the serogroup affiliation of meningococcus, the variety of clinical manifestations of the generalized form of meningococcal infection, including atypical manifestations, age-related features, depending on the serogroup of the pathogen. New diagnostic approaches and the possibilities of specific prophylaxis are highlighted. Attention is focused on the importance of monitoring the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of meningococcal infection depending on the genetic characteristics of the pathogen, and the need for further in-depth studies of this problem.
Features of the involvement of the dopamine and serotonin brain systems in positive and negative emotional states in rats
Authors: Bychkov Eugenii R. , Lebedev Andrei A. , Efimov Nikolai S. , Kryukov Artyem S. , Karpova Inessa V. , Pyurveev Sarng S. , Droblenkov Andrei V. , Shabanov Petr D.
Published: August 2020

The aim was to study the effect of rewarding and aversive stimulation of lateral hypothalamus on the turnover of monoamines in the terminal structures of the mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal systems: the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and striatum (St). The Wistar male rats were implanted electrodes in the lateral hypothalamus and further trained in self-stimulation test. Animals were also selected on aversive emotional reactions were observed after pressing the pedal for self-stimulation. Subsequently, forced stimulation was performed for 5 minutes and the animals were decapitated. The content of norepinephrine, dopamine (DA) and its metabolites 3,4-dioxiphenylacetic acid (DOPАС) and homovanilinic acid, serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the nucleus accumbens and striatum were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Positive and aversive stimulation of lateral hypothalamus decreased the level of DA in the NAc, however, only stimulation of the positive emotiogenic zone increased the DA and 5-HT turnover in the NAc, as evidenced by an increase in the DOPАС/DA and 5-HIAA/SER ratios, respectively. Rewarding and aversive stimulation decreased the level of 5-HT in St, however, only rewarding stimulation decreased the St level of 5-HIAA compared to control and animals with aversive stimulation. Rewarding stimulation increased the turnover of serotonin in St, as evidenced by the increase of 5-HIAA/5-HT ratios. The activity of the noradrenergic system did not change after rewarding and aversive stimulation. Thus, both rewarding and aversive electrical stimulation increases the turnover of DA and 5-HT in NAc and St. However, these changes are more significant after rewarding stimulation. DA turnover increases more in NAc, and 5-HT turnover in St. The data obtained indicate the specificity of the dopaminergic and serotonergic involvement for the formation of a modality of emotional reactions. Data may provide guidance for developing treatment strategies for neuropsychiatric diseases related to the malfunction of the reward system.
Ontogenetic peculiarities of the effect of dantrolene and caffeine on the cardiac, respiratory and motor performance of intact and poisoned by physostigmine of rats
Authors: Kuznetsov Sergey V. , Kuznetsova Nataliya N.
Published: August 2020

Activities of the somatomotor (MA), cardiovascular and respiratory systems were investigated in conditions of activation and blockade of ryanodine receptors (RyR) impaired cholinergic regulation in rat pups aged 3, 16 and 30 days. It was found that blockage of RyR by dantrolene has a negative chronotropic effect, the severity of which decreases with age, reduces the respiratory rate in rats on P3 and practically does not change in older animals. The amplitude of EMG and the power of motor bursts decreases in rats on P3-P16 and increases on P30. The duration of MA in the activity- rest cycle remains unchanged at P3 and decreases at P16-P30, which indicates a different change in the pattern of MA in rats of different ages after the blockade of RyR. Caffeine-induced activation of RyR is accompanied by an increase in heart rate and respiratory rate in rats on P30 and does not cause significant changes in these parameters on P3-P16. There has been an increase in all MA indices, especially in P3. Certain age-related regularities were revealed in the conditions of acetylcholinesterase inhibition by physostigmine, carried out against the background of RyR inhibition or activation. Maximum sensitivity to such effects was found in rats on P3. It was shown that in early postnatal ontogenesis of rats the sensitivity of RyR, including RyR2, to dantrolene is higher than in adult animals. Changes in RyR activity level do not prevent the development of pathological forms of heart rhythm that developing in rats after the physostigmine injection.
Medications and bruises: past, present, and future
Authors: Urakov Alexander L.
Published: August 2020

The literature review shows that modern standards of treatment of diseases, as well as forms of statistical reporting of medical institutions do not include bruising as an independent disease and/or complication of drug therapy. Ancient and modern textbooks and reference books on drugs do not contain indications of the presence of drugs that cause bruising and/or vice versa, discoloring the skin in the area of bruises. Official medicine does not offer medications for urgent skin discoloration in the area of bruises. However, bruises have been known for a long time, and people have been fighting them for a long time, but without much success. It is shown that bruises are blood-stained areas of the skin that often occur when hitting hard objects in everyday life, injuries and wounds, as well as when injecting drugs and using drugs that thin the blood. Usually bruises disappear on their own after 5 to 8 days. The true bruising is most likely to occur when bites of snakes such as Gyurza and Viper, when injecting drugs such as heparin and its substitutes, as well as when injecting donor blood and when through-piercing veins with injection needles. Throughout the history of mankind, these facts have not been used sufficiently to analyze the causes of bruising, the possibilities of their diagnosis, prevention and elimination. This was done at the beginning of the 21st century in Russia. At the same time, the biological and clinical essence of the bruises was revealed. This scientific discovery made it possible to explain the absence of bruises in the list of diseases, offer a clinical classification of bruises, and discover drugs that can immediately discolor the skin in the area of bruises. This group of drugs has received names such as bruising bleachers, oxygen-alkaline bleachers, oxygen-alkaline bleach cleaners, blood bleachers and bleaching agents over the years. Their main ingredients are water, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium hydrocarbonate.
The problem of the elderly protection in the elderly care institutions during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hanwen Zhang , Chunyan Yang , Mei Yin
Published: August 2020

In early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic is spreading rapidly around the world. Globally, as of 4:44 pm (Central European Summer Time (CEST), 24 June 2020, there have been 9,129,146 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 473,797 deaths, reported to WHO, with a mortality rate of 5.19%. Among them, the morbidity and mortality of the elderly account for a large proportion. Elderly care institutions have become the most severely hit under the background of pandemic outbreaks. Elderly care institutions around the world face great challenges in protecting the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the characteristics of the elderly, this article explores the protection of elderly care institutions in the response to the pandemic and puts forward suggestions on the health management of the elderly, the closed management of elderly care institutions and the improvement of pension service mode in public health emergencies.
Prospects for interaction between the Russian Federation and the people's Republic of China in order to ensure environmental safety in military activities
Authors: Buday Sergey N.
Published: August 2020

The article discusses attempts to ensure environmental safety during military activities between Russia and the People's Republic of China. Using the example of joint RussianChinese military exercises, the author analyzes issues raised by environmental legislation and their solutions by the troops. Special attention is paid to the roles of military prosecutors during military exercises.
Confluence: Water as an Analytic of Indigenous Feminisms
Authors: Barker Joanne
Published: August 2020

This article intends an orientation of readers to critical Indigenous feminist politics through a theorizing of and engagement with water as an analytic. To do so, it focuses on two solidifications of Indigenous feminist politics in the United States and Canada. The first concerns theory and method: What informs and distinguishes the articulation of a critical Indigenous feminist politics, with/from other feminisms? What difference does water make within that articulation? The second involves the junctures of the Flint water crisis and the #NODAPL action at Standing Rock: How did water bring people together, not just there but around the world? How does the coming together matter? The article presumes that gender is a core, constitutive aspect of Indigenous sovereignty, self-determination, and solidarity. It argues that water rests with women and women-identified individuals, and their social and cultural responsibilities to, and in, multiple kinds of relationships, which include other-than-human beings and involve other-than-seen realities.
BASKETBAL AS AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD TO LEARN SOCIAL COMPETENCE
Authors: Putro Baskoro Nugroho
Published: August 2020

Basketball is a sport that is quite popular in Indonesia. Many schools accommodate the interests and talents of student at basketball in extracurricular activities. Like other sports, basketball has positive values that can be learned. In line with the social competencies established by the Ministry of Education and Culture, Basketball can be used to help achieve these competencies. This study involved 339 individuals from various backgrounds. Individuals that involved in research have experience in basketball as students, athletes, teachers, coaches, parent athletes, and supporters. The purpose of this study is to find out whether basketball has the potential to help students achieve social competence. The approach used in this research is qualitative and quantitative. The results of the research show that statistically, basketball has a strong correlation with social competence, whereas from theoretical studies the characteristics of basketball can support the achievement of social competence. Bolabasket adalah olahraga yang cukup populer di Indonesia. Beberapa sekolah mengakomodir minat dan bakat peserta didik dalam bolabasket dengan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler. Seperti olahraga lainnya, bolabasket memiliki nilai positif yang dapat dipelajari. Sejalan dengan kompetensi sosial yang ditetapkan oleh menteri pendidikan dan kebudayaan, bolabasket dapat digunakan untuk mencapai kompetensi tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini melibatkan 339 subjek penelitian dari berbagai latar belakang. Individu yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini memiliki pengalaman dalam bolabasket sebagai siswa, atlet, guru, pelatih, orang tua dan suporter. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah bolabasket memilik potensi untuk membantu siswa dalam mencapai kompetensi sosial. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil dari penelitian secara statistik menunjukan, bolabasker memiliki korelasi yang kuat dengan kompetensi sosial, dimana berdasarkan studi literature menunjukkan juga bahwa karakteristik bolabasket dapat mendukung pencapaian kompetensi sosial.
VALIDASI EUROFIT TEST PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR INDONESIA
Authors: Yudasmara Dona Sandy , Taufik Taufik , Fadhli Nurrul Riyad
Published: August 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan model asesmen aktivitas jasmani anak sekolah dasar dan mengetahui tingkat aktivitas jasmani anak sekolah dasar. penelitian ini menggunakan langkah-langkah penelitian dan pengembangan yang disarankan Borg dan Gall (1983), dan dipadukan dengan langkah-langkah penyusunan tes keterampilan olahraga yang disarankan Scott dan French (1959) dengan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil nilai korelasi dan regresi linier diperoleh nilai validitas untuk siswa yang diantaranya; Bass Test dengan Plate taping untuk putri; 0,154, putra; 0,212; validitas Bass Test dan Shuttle Run untuk putri; 0,236, putra; 0,196 dan Validitas Plate Taping dan Shuttle Run untuk putri; 0,342, putra; 0,003. Koefisien Reliabilitas Bass Test untuk siswa putri; 0,591, putra 0,157. Koefisien Reliabilitas Plate Taping untuk siswa putri; 0,722, putra; 0,592. Koefisien Reliabilitas Plate Taping untuk siswa putri; 0,159, putra; 0,175. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa instrument Eurofit Test memiliki tingkat validitas dan reliabilitas yang sedang apabila digunakan pada konteks siswa sekolah dasar Indonesia.
KEMAMPUAN KECEPATAN GERAK DAN DAYA LEDAK OTOT SISWA PPLP JATIM DI KEDIRI CABANG OLAHRAGA ATLETIK
Authors: Meirawati Nuke , Nurrochmah Siti
Published: August 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini mengkaji kemampuan kecepatan gerak dan daya ledak otot siswa PPLP Jatim di Kediri pada olahraga atletik. Penelitian menggunakan metode observasi dan subjek penelitian berjumlah 30 orang siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan unsur kecepatan gerak modus pada kriteria baik, unsur daya ledak otot tungkai modus kriteria baik sekali, unsur daya ledak otot lengan modus pada kriteria kurang sekali. Simpulan bahwa kondisi fisik kemampuan kecepatan gerak katagori baik dan daya ledak otot tungkai kategori baik sekali, dan unsur daya ledak otot lengan modus pada kriteria kurang sekali.
PERMAINAN KIDS ATHLETICS SEBAGAI STIMULASI KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK KASAR ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR KELAS V dan VI
Authors: Anisah Dakwatul , Kamidi Amrozi , Tuasikal Abdul Rachman Syam , Suroto Suroto
Published: August 2020

Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana permainan Kids Athletics sebagai stimulasi motorik kasar anak sekolah dasar kelas V dan VI. Pengembangan kemampuan motorik pada anak harus menyesuaikan karakteristik anak sesuai dengan usianya. Pada masa anak-anak adalah masa dimana anak sangat aktif dalam melakukan aktivitas, salah satunya yaitu aktivitas olahraga. Aktivitas olahraga pada anak dipengaruhi kemampuan motorik. Kemampuan motorik yang dianggap penting pada anak sekolah dasar adalah kemampuan motorik kasar. Peningkatan kemampuan motorik kasar tidak dapat berkembang dengan sendirinya seiring dengan bertambahnya usia anak. Namun, kemampuan motorik kasar berkembang melalui berbagai pembelajaran dan pengalaman gerak anak. Kids Athletics adalah bentuk metode permainan yang sesuai untuk anak sekolah dasar kelas V dan VI yaitu usia 11-12 tahun sebagai stimulasi kemampuan motorik kasar.
PENERAPAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR GERAK DASAR POLA LANGKAH PENCAK SILAT SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Widyalaksono Pongky , Mashuri Hendra , Lusianti Septyaning
Published: August 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penerapan media audiovisual dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar gerak dasar pola langkah pencak silat. Penelitian ini merupakan action research. Subjek penelitian ini adalah kelas V di SD Negeri Banjaran 2 Kediri Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020 yang berjumlah 39 siswa. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah lembar observasi siswa dan guru, tes uraian dan tes praktik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar gerak dasar pola langkah pencak silat setelah penerapan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media audiovisual. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan media audiovisual dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar gerak dasar pola langkah pencak silat pada siswa sekolah dasar.