bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological features of white adipose tissue in rats with different levels of energy metabolism in visceral obesity
Authors: Yanko R. V. , Safonov S. L. , Levashov M. I.
Published: December 2024

Histomorphological changes of visceral white adipose tissue in obesity as a function of the level of energy metabolism in the body have not been sufficiently studied. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the structural changes of visceral white adipose tissue in rats with different metabolic levels and severe visceral obesity. The study was carried out on male Wistar rats aged 3 months at the start of the experiment. Control animals received standard diet. Experimental rats were fed a high calorie diet for 12 weeks. At the end of the experiment, rats from both the control and experimental groups were divided into low and high level of energy metabolism depending on the intensity of total oxygen consumption. Histological preparations of visceral white adipose tissue were prepared according to the standard method. Histomorphometry was performed on digital images using the “Image J 1.34p” computer program. Biochemical methods were used to determine the concentration of triglycerides, lipids and cholesterol in blood serum. The method of multifrequency bioimpedance was used to assess the biophysical properties of visceral white adipose tissue. The data obtained were processed by methods of variational statistics using one-way analysis of variance. It was shown that long-term use of a high-calorie diet led to the development of visceral obesity, which was manifested by a significant increase in the weight of visceral fat and an increase in the concentration of indicators of lipid metabolism in blood serum. It was found that a high-calorie diet altered the morphological structure of the rat’s visceral white adipose tissue, leading to adipocyte hypertrophy, reduced blood volume and increased the amount of connective tissue in it. The bioelectrical properties of the visceral white adipose tissue changed, as evidenced by an increase in its electrical impedance and a decrease in its frequency dispersion coefficient. The intensity of structural, biochemical and biophysical changes in the visceral white adipose tissue was more pronounced in rats with low level of energy metabolism and depended on the degree of obesity. The results obtained are important for practical medicine in the development of new effective methods for the prevention and treatment of obesity in patients according to level of energy metabolism.
Impact of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors modulators on renal and liver functional, molecular and histological characteristics in white male mice
Authors: Al-Azzawie A. F. , Ajeel M. A. , Al-Bayti A. A. H.
Published: December 2024

The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors are considered the main receptors that inhibit neurotransmitters in the mammalian brain, and they have been proven to exist in non-neuronal cells. The study's purpose is to determine the impact of GABA modulation on renal and liver functions and molecular and histological characteristics using different doses of lorazepam. Lorazepam, one of the benzodiazepine drugs known for its modulatory effect on GABA receptors, has been used as a modulator to determine the impact of GABA modulation on renal and liver functions and molecular and histological characteristics in 30 albino male mice, out of which 21 were divided into 3 groups. Each group were treated with different dose of lorazepam (1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg body weight respectively). The rest 9 of animals were considered as a control group. Histological and functional parameters were studied in kidney and liver functional states to evaluate the impact of GAPA modulation using lorazepam. Total genomic DNA was extracted from liver, brain, kidney and blood and random amplification polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique were used to detect the molecular impact of GABA modulation on the genomic DNA. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 20.0 (SPSS Inc.), with means and standard deviations (SD) calculated for quantitative variables, and ANOVA applied for comparing group means. Functional parameters (blood urea, creatinine, GOT, GPT, GGT) and histopathological examination showed a significant change in treated groups compared to the control group. In both the liver and kidneys of mice, with increasing doses of lorazepam, there was an increase in the severity of congestive phenomena in blood vessels with the appearance of hemorrhages, signs of inflammation, and cell degeneration and necrosis. The molecular investigation indicated substantial changes in RAPD profiles of treated groups, with normal bands disappearing and novel bands appearing in contrast to the control group. The RAPD profiles of the treated and control samples revealed 432 bands, with 109 as control bands, 167 (loss of normal bands and emergence of novel bands) as polymorphic bands, and 156 as homomorphic bands. It is concluded that GABA modulation by lorazepam increases the functional and histopathological alterations, producing variations in the genomic DNA.
A REVIEW OF CITIES HIERARCHY IN ALGERIA USING THE RANK-SIZE RULE
Authors: Ahmed Bousmaha  , Aibeche Roufeida  , Bouleksa Leila  , Bakiri Hadia
Published: December 2024

Algeria's economic and social changes in recent decades have resulted in major shifts in the geographic distribution of its people. The phenomenon of urbanization in Algeria is relatively recent and is characterized by its very rapid growth and deep disparities in its spatial arrangement. Algeria, has an ancient urban tradition and is experiencing an accelerated urbanization process, with a scale unsurpassed for several decades. The purpose of this article is to investigate urban expansion and the phenomenon of urbanization in Algeria. Between 1954 and 2008, two processes occurred: the extension of existing urban districts and the urbanization process. This was an era of tremendous economic, social, and political changes in Algerian society. Our study was primarily based on the Algerian General Census of Population and Housing (ONS, 2008) and the use of the city-size criterion (city range-size distribution) in accordance with Zipf's hierarchical model. In this study, we examine urban growth and the phenomena of urbanization, which is caused by the development of the strata of existing urban centers or by the transition from rural to urban between 1962 and 2008, a period of major economic, social, and political change.
The Poetics of Place and Identity: An Interview with Anjum Hasan
Authors: Md Jakir Hossain  , Md Rakibul Islam
Published: December 2024

This interview delves into the intricate and vibrant literary landscape of contemporary India and focuses among others on themes of migration, nostalgia, and urban life in Anjum Hasan’s work. It offers deep insights into the complexities of urban existence, including the fast-paced lifestyle, diversity, and myriad opportunities and challenges that characterize urban spaces, and their impact on human identity, relationships, and culture. The extensive conversation explores the struggles of individuals and societies to adapt to change while preserving cultural heritage and reflecting personal history. A detailed analysis of Hasan’s work reveals how she intricately weaves the poetics of place into her literary creations. Her writings reflect and engage with the multifaceted realities of modern India. Through an exploration of the poetics of place, Hasan invites readers on a journey of self-discovery and introspection. The interview highlights her foundational literary works such as The Cosmopolitans, Neti, Neti, Lunatic in My Head, and the short story collection Difficult Pleasures.
Gorky Chakraborty & Supurna Banerjee (eds), Negotiating Borders and Borderlands: The Indian Experience
Authors: Himadri Lahiri
Published: December 2024

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EFFECT OF FIXED FILAMENTOUS MEDIA ON BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Authors: Al Mamun Abdullah , Abd Rahman Mohd Amiruddin , Alam Md Zahangir , Sayem S.M. Abu , Nedjai Radhia
Published: December 2024

Adequate treatment of wastewater is important for the protection of the environment. In many countries, the existing conventional biological wastewater treatment systems are unable to meet the required standards. Therefore, the present research focused on the improvement of aerobic wastewater treatment plants by adding readily available cheap media. Plastic filamentous media was used due to its non-biodegradable property. The media length was 5 meters, but it was rolled into a spiral shape. The average removal of TDS and COD, without the media, was about 35% and 70%. After the media has been added, the removal efficiency improved to 55% and 95%. The experimental results demonstrated that the use of media is capable of improving the quality of effluents in wastewater treatment towards a better quality of effluent to be discharged to nature.
HETEROPOLYSACCHARIDE OF KGM-XANTHAN HYDROGELS FOR THE REMOVAL OF BACTERIA IN A WOUND MODEL
Authors: Shahbuddin Munira , Abdul Raus Raha , Yusof Aqilah , Mahamad Siti Syazwani
Published: December 2024

This project focused on the development of polysaccharides hydrogels from Konjac Glucomannan (KGM) and Xanthan gum in removing the bacterial load on wound. This new therapy design is due to the traditional wound care methods using antibiotic and normal hydrogel cannot adequately treat biofilm infected wounds to healing process. For the treatment of bacterial infected wound, bacterial removal need to be done physically and manually by debridement, which is very painful and require the use of general anesthesia. Therefore, to reduce the formation of slough and necrotic tissue by the formation of bacterial biofilm, there is a need of specific hydrogels that will able to remove bacterial from the wounded site so it will prevent further infection and enhance the healing process. This study focused on the design and optimization of polysaccharide based hydrogels for the wound treatment. Polysaccharide based hydrogels from Konjac Glucomannan (KGM) and Xanthan gum were developed at  different ratio to optimize the physical and chemical properties of the hydrogel that relate to the effectiveness of bacterial removal. Film casting technique was used in the development of the hydrogel film. Konjac Glucomannan (KGM) and Xanthan gum were selected because of their natural polymers properties which are non – toxic, biocompatible and safe to be used. The hydrogels were tested in vitro for bacterial removal efficacy, using E.coli species colonies cultured on a gel inside a petri dish to represent the condition of bacteria infested wound bed. Hydrogel with 50 : 50 % composition blend of KGM-XG was found to be the most effective in the removal of E.coli colonies with 13x103 CFU/mL at 95% water content. Morphological studies of hydrogels showed flat interfacial morphologies, except the sample with 100% of Xanthan without KGM. The results present in this study suggested that the biological activities and adhesion of the hydrogels were not controlled only by the chemical structure but also the composition of compound and the amount of water present in the hydrogels.
Geospatial Analysis in Monitoring Land Use Encroachment into Heritage Site in Bujang Valley
Authors: Mohd Noor Norzailawati
Published: December 2024

This paper attempted at studying the applications of GIS and satellite remote sensing as a land use planning tool in monitoring a development expansion surrounding heritage area in Bujang Valley, Kedah. This research identified the development expansion around the heritage sites in determining a specific boundaries for heritage site in the context of land use planning. The analysis of catchment area for heritage sites has been identified by using GIS and satellite image of SPOT 5.The analysis of development pattern was obtained from temporal images of SPOT 5 using images and layering techniques which have been tested in Bujang Valley, Kedah.
The results showed that there were prominent changes in the study area throughout the 11 year period (2004-2012). Supervised land classification analysis showed significant changes of land covers of forest, agriculture and built-up area. Overall, forest land was converted to agriculture and built-up areas while in some localities agriculture land was converted into built-up areas especially in the surrounding areas of the heritage sites.
This study showed there was greater value in terms of archaeology and anthropology in handling the issues of urbanization. Simultaneously it presented the analysis of remote sensing and GIS technology which have provided a new direction in handling this issues globally.
Communicative competence in the context of digitalization of education: concept, components, goal setting
Authors: Brazhnik Mikhail Viktorovich
Published: December 2024

The article presents the author's view on the relevance and feasibility of developing communicative competence of participants in the educational process in the era of digitalization of the education system. At the same time, based on the study and analysis of existing interpretations of the concepts of "communication" and "competence", an interpretation of the category of "communicative competence" is proposed within the framework of communications, communities and connections existing in digital education. Based on the content of the formulated definition of the category of "communicative competence", an attempt is made to form a set of the main components or elements of this category. Without denying that achieving communicative competence by all participants in the educational process is currently an objective necessity, both the tools and mechanisms used to develop communicative competence and the technologies implemented in the Moodle LMS and the Yurait OP are presented.
Исследование специфики и коррекция психологической готовности студентов с умственной отсталостью к самостоятельной жизни
Authors: Riazantseva Diana Valerevna , Shelispanskaia Ellada Vladimirovna
Published: December 2024

The issues of psychological readiness for independent living turn out to be extremely relevant for students with mental retardation, who face many difficulties due to their developmental characteristics, as well as the conditions they find themselves in when starting an independent life in a dormitory. In this regard, the article presents the results of the analysis and generalization of the authors' works on the problem of psychological readiness for independent living among students with mental retardation.
Organisation of labour remuneration during grain harvesting in agricultural enterprises
Authors: Ivchenko Volodymyr , Lanchenko Yevhenii , Nosikov Oleksandr , Filonenko Olena
Published: December 2024

Modernisation of scientific recommendations on remuneration of labour for harvesting grain crops in enterprises is relevant, as it can potentially contribute to higher yields, higher gross harvest, and labour income of employees, reduction of losses and improvement of grain quality, and more efficient use of technical and human resources. The purpose of this study was to substantiate the scientific principles of organising labour remuneration for grain harvesting in agricultural enterprises, considering the current changing conditions. The following methods were employed in the study: abstract-logical, monographic, statistical-economic, and systematic approaches. The study covered the organisational foundations for harvesting grain crops in enterprises, which begin with the formation of labour collectives and their technical support, work and rest regimes, and keeping a summary record of the working time of the personnel involved. The study established the regulatory aspects of labour remuneration regulation and application of the tariff scale, additional payments and allowances, and increase of tariff rates of remuneration for certain three categories of employees of enterprises engaged in grain harvesting: machine operators, drivers, and employees in receiving units. It was proved that remuneration for most employees in agricultural enterprises is formed based on the tariff system of remuneration, which fully ensures the differentiation and validity of wages depending on the quantity and quality of work performed. The study proposed the key methodological approaches to labour organisation and formation of the tariff scale and corresponding hourly wage rates for grain harvesting, which should be included as content in collective agreements, regulations on remuneration, and regulations on bonuses in agricultural enterprises. The current tariff scale offers the possibility of raising inter-grade coefficients to strengthen the incentive function of wages in grain harvesting. The study considered possible extra payments and allowances, bonus payments, which are recommended to be applied selectively to further stimulate the production staff of the enterprise to better quantitative and qualitative indicators of their work. The practical significance of the findings of this study lies in the possibility of their direct use in agricultural enterprises to provide financial incentives to production personnel for productive work in harvesting grain crops, on which the economic condition of farms largely depends
International experience in the functioning of the soft drinks market
Authors: Nikolenko Volodymyr
Published: December 2024

The soft drinks market is one of the largest segments of the food market in any country, and its functioning is based on a series of factors, including supply and demand, competition, government regulation, etc. In developed countries, juices, smoothies, and low-sugar drinks are popular, while in developing countries, the market is actively expanding. Accordingly, the study of foreign practices in the soft drinks market helped to identify current trends, assess the effectiveness of government regulation, the implementation of innovative technologies and marketing strategies by companies, and identify opportunities for the development of this market in Ukraine, which was the purpose of this study. The following methods were employed in the study: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, content analysis, comparison, generalisation, and other methods of scientific cognition. The study of statistical data revealed that the consumption of soft drinks has been growing steadily in recent years. One of the key drivers of this growth is continuous innovation, as soft drinks market players try to constantly update their products, including ingredients, formulation, packaging, and other aspects to increase sales. It was found that the general factors that determine the functioning of the market are the same – the influence of large players in the supply market, consumer tastes, and their changes, as well as the impact of government regulation methods used by the market; the most commonly used are labelling requirements, food safety regulations, price controls, advertising and marketing restrictions, taxes and subsidies. The study of the practices of foreign countries opens opportunities for further scientific developments in the soft drinks market, which is of practical value and benefit to producers, distributors, consumers, and researchers involved in the research of food industry markets and marketing
Features of implementation of ESG management criteria in Ukrainian agriculture in the context of global challenges and EU integration
Authors: Hopka Maksym , Kovtun Olena
Published: December 2024

This study addressed the significance of implementing ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) management criteria in Ukrainian agriculture in the context of integration with the European Union during wartime and post-war reconstruction, which is becoming increasingly relevant due to the requirements of sustainable development and environmental protection, which are becoming an integral part of accession agreements. The purpose of this study was to substantiate the necessity of implementing ESG management criteria in the activities of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises to ensure sustainable development and integration of Ukraine into the EU during the period of martial law and post-war reconstruction. The key methods used included comparative analysis, evaluation method, SWOT analysis, and data synthesis. The aspects of environmental sustainability, social responsibility, and corporate governance and their interrelationships with the development of agriculture and rural areas in Ukraine were considered in detail. The study identified the value of environmental sustainability in the context of current challenges, such as climate change, soil degradation, and the need to preserve biodiversity, accommodate social aspects, ensure decent working conditions, develop rural communities, and improve the quality of life of the population through the implementation of responsible finance principles. The study identified strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that may arise on the path towards implementing ESG criteria in the management of agricultural enterprises through a SWOT analysis. Strengths include Ukraine’s natural potential, fertile land, and agricultural traditions. Weaknesses include insufficient infrastructure, financial resources, and technical support. Opportunities include integration into European markets, attracting foreign investment, and developing innovative technologies. Threats include the impact of climate change, geopolitical risks, and economic instability. The above analysis of the benefits of ESG criteria for the agricultural sector has its practical value, as it can help agricultural enterprises improve their production potential, increase their competitiveness in the market, and become potentially attractive to investors
ZJAWISKO DEPOPULACJI JAKO PROBLEM ROZWOJOWY W KRAJACH EUROPY ŚRODKOWO-WSCHODNIEJ
Authors: Lizińska Wiesława , Kisiel Roman , Danileviča Alina
Published: December 2024

The aim of the analyzes was to diagnose the demographic situation in selected countries of Central and Eastern Europe (EU-10) in the context of its importance in socio-economic development against the background of global population changes. An analysis of statistical data regarding the demographic situation was carried out according to Webb’s typology. An unfavorable trend of population loss was indicated due to the limited possibilities of effectively stimulating the increase in population growth. The selected group of Central and Eastern European countries (EU-10) was characterized by a diverse demographic situation in the years 2000-2021. These countries are dominated by the phenomenon of negative natural growth. Dually inactive countries are in a difficult situation. However, there were no dually active countries in terms of demographic situation. Against the background of the dominant phenomenon of negative natural growth, the progressing migration processes towards the predominance of immigration over emigration can be assessed positively.
MEDIALIZACJA WOJENNEJ TRAUMY. DYSKURSYWNA ANALIZA NARRACJI WOŁODYMYRA ZEŁEŃSKIEGO
Authors: Rodziewicz Barbara
Published: December 2024

The medialisation of the war in Ukraine is a consequence of the alignment of its parties and commentators with the logic of the mass media and concerns all phases of political communication, i.e. the articulation of interests and coalition building, the making of decisions and the interpretation of their results, as well as their social resonance. The medialisation of images of war from each of its parties requires them to take care of their image and actively participate in the construction of war reality and takes place, among other things, at the content level, where a dichotomous way of thinking is emphasised, which is a direct result of the division into aggressors and defenders, allies and enemies. Therefore, the aim of the proposed presentation will be to analyse the media coverage of the war traumatic experience described in President Volodymyr Zelensky’s media appearances in the international arena, in national parliaments.
Обряд «толоки» і «новосілля» у традиційній обрядовості українців Наддніпрянщини (друга половина 20 ст.)
Authors: Симоненко Ірина
Published: December 2024

The Ukrainian people have always been characterized by a high spiritual culture, respect for customs and traditions, which are associated with a worldview that has developed over many centuries and has preserved signs of pre-Christian beliefs. The topic is researched on the basis of archival, field and ethnographic materials that allow us to comprehensively present the features of the building rituals of this region. The article examines the traditions and rituals of the toloka, as an ancient Ukrainian custom organized in the village for group work. The ways of avoiding demonological danger during housewarming and moving to a new home are traced. The purpose of the article is to study and analyze new and little-known information in the works of Ukrainian and foreign researchers about the components of folk construction rituals - "toloka" and "novosillya", which took place in the territories of Dnieper Ukraine in the second half of the twentieth century. The methodological basis of the article is the main methods of ethnological science: comparative-historical, comparative-chronological, retrospective, analysis of historical reconstruction, direct field observation, interviewing, polling, recording and systematization of materials. The scientific novelty lies in the analysis of the features of the definition of the concepts of "toloka" and "novosillya", such an analysis will help to avoid the limitations of the definition of the concept and allow us to develop a more effective approach to the definition of this concept. Conclusions. In the context of the analysis of rituals, the significance of the relevant folk traditions of our ancestors, their use and distribution in the second half of the 20th century, their significance for the establishment of cultural identity and the preservation of historical memory were clarified. This study is based on ethnographic materials collected by the author in the territory of Dnieper Ukraine. The prospects for further research into the concepts of "toloka" and "novosil'ya" lie in developing more effective approaches to the preservation and use of Ukraine's cultural heritage.
«Чорна королева» та кінець правління династії Валуа у Франції
Authors: Діденко Катерина
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the article is to analyze the activities of Catherine de' Medici during the reign of her minor sons in France, to determine the queen's influence on domestic and foreign policy. The research methodology is conditioned by the use of methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, as well as the historical-typological method and the principles of objectivity and historicism. The scientific novelty consists in reflecting the influence of Catherine de Medici's childhood and environment on the formation of her personality and further life path. Conclusions. Catherine de Medici is an ambiguous and sinister figure in French history, she was credited with many cruel deeds, in particular, accusations of organizing Bartholomew's Night. Considering the relatively small amount of information about this historical person, many myths have formed around her. But it is worth noting that the loss of parents, wandering, and threats had a great influence on the formation of Kateryna's personality. The humiliations she experienced made her broken and merciless in the struggle for her own success in life and the success of her children. The pursuit of crowns became the meaning and horror of her existence. Fate has determined the queen's character and behavior since childhood, and the desire to survive at any cost and reign became the meaning of her life. But because of her limited, middle-class mind, Catherine could not fulfill the tasks that France faced during her reign in time and accordingly.
«Положення про устрій євреїв» 1804 р. як інструмент впливу на ідентичність єврейських громад у Російській імперії
Authors: Чінена Ольга
Published: December 2024

The legal act “Regulations on the Organization of Jews” illustrates the socio-cultural practices of the Jewish community, which were used by them to form and preserve their own identity in the conditions of the discriminatory domestic policy of the Russian Empire. The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal status of the Jewish population in the Russian Empire for further determination: the features of resettlement, the influence of the imperial government on the spiritual and cultural life of Jews. The methodology research is based on general historical and general scientific methods such as: historical-systemic, typological, functional analysis and descriptive. The research also uses the methods of cultural anthropology to analyze social mechanisms of resistance aimed at preserving identity, with a focus on the development of educational, religious and cultural institutions. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the clarification of legal practices of influence on the formation of identities of Jewish communities. Conclusions. Developed by the imperial government, the regulation on the organization of Jews in the Russian Empire was discriminatory in nature, namely: forced integration through language policy, restrictions on wearing traditional clothing, as well as regulation of professional activities. These measures, according to the authorities, were supposed to promote assimilation by weakening the role of socio-cultural practices aimed at preserving Jewish identity. However, they provoked resistance, stimulating the Jewish community to search for new forms of preserving religious and ethnic identity.
Аналіз грошового обігу Cіверщини 17 ст. за новими скарбовими джерелами
Authors: Клюєв Андрій
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the research was to attempt to analyze the monetary circulation of the Sivershchyna region in the 17th century according to the treasure sources through the prism of new treasure finds over the past 10 years. Special attention was paid to the analysis of the treasure complexes of the issuing countries, the denominations of the coins that were in the monetary circulation of the Sivershchyna region in the 17th century. The research methodology was based on the principles of scientificity, historicism, continuity of the written and treasure sources, comprehensive analysis of the treasure complexes. General scientific, general theoretical and special historical and numismatic research methods were also used, among them it is necessary to distinguish the following ones: analytical, comparative, logical, historical, complex, descriptive, synthetic, systematization. The scientific novelty consists in in the comprehensive study of the monetary circulation of the Sivershchyna region in the 17th century based on the treasure and written sources and the introduction of the new finds into the scientific circulation. Conclusion. Having analyzed and compared the coins of two recently discovered treasures, we can conclude that they make up the important material sources for studying the monetary circulation of the Sivershchyna region in the 17th century. The found complexes indicate that during the period coins of various denominations of European minting prevailed on the studied territory, from copper solidus, billon grosh, pivtorak, troyak, shostak, horta, florin to silver thaler. This indicates the intensity of the trade between the Hetmanate and the European countries. The analyzed treasures indicate the dominance of the European coins over Moscow ones in the monetary circulation of the Sivershchyna region in the second half of the 17th century.
Social security for special categories of disabled people in the Ukrainian SSRin the 1920s.
Authors: Murashova Olha , Zinko Yurii
Published: December 2024

The article is aimed at studying and analyzing the practical experience of the activities of state authorities in implementing the policy of social security for the disabled in the 1920s. The methodological basis of the study is the fundamental principles of historical research: historicism, consistency, objectivity in the course of working with documents. Among the special methods used in the study should be called problem-chronological, historical-systemic, historical-typological. The scientific novelty of the article is to highlight the features of state policy on the organization of social security of special categories of disabled. Conclusions. Having seized power on the territory of Ukraine, the Bolshevik government publicly announced its intentions to create an effective system of social security for the disabled strata of society. Material support for a special category of disabled people was assigned exclusively to the state. However, under the conditions of the new economic policy with its market principles, a small number of people could count on security. At the same time, despite the low size of social payments, the very fact of her appointment, the Soviet authorities tried to testify their value to the proletarian state. Social protection of special categories of the disabled, which included the Red Army, the disabled of the World War І and the Civil War, family members of the dead military, persons who had special merits before the Soviet state, was carried out by the People's Commissariat of Social Security through its departments on the ground at the expense of the state budget. Due to its limited volume, the amount of social payments was significantly inferior to payments made at the expense of insurance premiums.
До історії заселення і формування етнічного складу населення придністровської зони Балтського повіту
Authors: Кушнір В’ячеслав
Published: December 2024

The Ukrainian-Moldovan borderland is a zone of active ethnic processes, the formation of variable ethno-cultural complexes at the regional and local levels. Ethnographic data accumulated in South-East Podillia at the beginning of the 21st century. became the basis for studying ethnic processes, the consequences of intercultural interaction in certain zones of the UkrainianMoldovan borderland, in particular in the Transdniester part. The area research should start with the history of formation of the population ethnic composition in the 19th century, as well as its dynamics, and identification of bearers of various historical and cultural traditions. This primary task has been partially solved in this article. Research methodology is based on the principles of scientificity, systematicity, a combination of general scientific and special historical, statistical, problemchronological, comparative and analytical methods. The aim of the article is to study the ethnic composition of the population of the Transdniester part of the Balta district of the Podillya province on the grounds of analysis of the Podillia diocesan historical and statistical committee data. The scientific novelty resides in a detailed study of the number and ratio of representatives of different nationalities. In our research we have revealed consequences of intercultural communications in ethnocultural processes at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. Conclusions. The ethnic composition of the population of the Balta district in the Transdniester border zone with Moldova has been clarified. The ratio of Ukrainians, Moldovans, Poles and Jews has been established. The elements of acculturation and assimilation have been identified and the dynamics of their identities has been traced.
Удосконалення обчислювальної компетентності старшокласників під час навчанняматематики
Authors: Швець Василь
Published: December 2024

Implementation of the applied orientation of the school mathematics course takes place in various ways, one of which is solving of applied problems of economic, natural, financial and other content. Numerical data in such problems are usually considered as approximate values of quantities. In order to operate such data, it is necessary to have the skills and abilities to perform approximate calculations, that is, to be competent in performing such calculations. In the recent past, such competence of students was carefully formed in senior school. They were taught to perform calculations using four-digit mathematical tables, the author of which was Volodymyr Bradis. School textbooks had many exercises, applied problems for performing calculations. A sufficient amount of methodological recommendations and advice on how to successfully form the appropriate skills and abilities was given in appropriate literature. The appearance of new, powerful computing tools, calculators, modern computers, etc., opened up new opportunities for forming the computing competence of schoolchildren in modern conditions.
In the article, on examples of solving problems, in particular applied ones, appropriate methodical advice, sample solutions, the culture of mathematical records regarding the formation of computational competence of students are presented in the background. The author emphasizes the need to fill: in new generation mathematics programs with clear requirements for the formation of students’ abilities and skills in performing approximate calculations during the study of educational topics; in alternative textbooks of the new generation with exercises and problems for calculating the values of functions and expressions, in particular, applied problems of economic, financial, natural, etc. content. After all, today, the computing competence of a schoolchild is essentially interdisciplinary.
Змістова лінія «Функції» шкільного курсу математики та особливості її вивчення в середній школі
Authors: Швець Василь
Published: December 2024

The article reveals the important circumstances and peculiarities of the study of the content line "Functions" in the school mathematics course. Among the circumstances is a different interpretation of the concept of function: in the basic school, the function is considered (classical approach) as a dependence between variables, and in the senior profile as a correspondence (modern, modern definition) between the elements of two sets. This leads to different schemes for studying the properties of a function and constructing its graph.
It is noted that the content line "Functions" is the leading line of the school course of algebra, algebra and the beginnings of analysis. It is the basis for studying equations, inequalities, identical transformations of algebraic expressions, the beginnings of probability theory, geometric quantities (area of a figure, volume of a body, surface area of a body, etc.). It starts in grade 7 and is taught in three stages: Stage 1 - grades 7-9. The main purpose of studying functions is to justify the study of linear, quadratic, fractional rational equations and inequalities, identical transformations of single terms, polynomials and fractional expressions, to teach how to use them as mathematical models in the study of physics, solving practical and applied problems; Stage 2 - grades 10-11, when basic elementary functions and their important properties (increasing, decreasing, periodicity, continuity) are studied. The main goal of the course is to teach students to solve irrational, trigonometric, and exponential equations and inequalities, transform corresponding algebraic expressions, and create graphs of the glass
Nuevos registros de ocurrencia extienden la distribución sur del monito del monte, Dromiciops gliroides (Thomas, 1894) en Argentina
Authors: Amico Guillermo C.
Published: December 2024

El género Dromiciops (Thomas, 1894) es el único representante viviente del orden Microbiotheria y se encuentra en la porción norte de la ecorregión bosque valdiviano, aproximadamente, entre los 35 y 43 grados de latitud sur. En este estudio reporto nuevos registros de Dromiciops gliroides en el Parque Nacional Los Alerces, Chubut, Argentina. Estos registros se ubican por fuera del límite sur conocido y representan los hallazgos más australes para la especie en Argentina.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ НАПРУЖЕНО-ДЕФОРМОВАНОГО СТАНУ ЦИЛІНДРИЧНИХ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ ІНЖЕНЕРНИХ СПОРУД ЗА ДІЇ ТЕМПЕРАТУРНОГО ВПЛИВУ
Authors: Глова б , Глова Т.
Published: December 2024

Активний розвиток монолітно-каркасного будівництва останнім часом вимагає нового підходу до розрахунків елементів будівельних конструкцій. Бетонні колони є одними з найвідповідальніших елементів таких будівель, порушення міцності украй небезпечне.
Основним руйнівним фактором, що діє на конструкцію за умов пожежі, є температура і її градієнт. Інтенсивність прогріву конструкцій і величина градієнта температури за її товщиною залежать від багатьох факторів: температури продуктів горіння, умов теплообміну між поверхнею конструкції та зовнішнім середовищем, теплофізичних характеристик матеріалу, з яких виготовлена конструкція, часу прогріву тощо. Оцінюючи несучу здатність та втрати цілісності, необхідно враховувати термонапружений стан конструкції, зумовлений зміною температури і величиною температурного градієнта. Температурні напруження, які виникають у конструкціях, можна вивчати незалежно від механічних напружень, оскільки внаслідок лінійності рівнянь термопружності повні величини напружень одержують сумуванням температурних і механічних напружень. Досліджено нестаціонарне температурне поле в циліндричних бетонних колонах, яке змінюється з часом у разі раптового їх охолодження. При моделюванні процесу охолодження колони враховані крайові умови другого роду. Використовуючи перетворення Лапласа, отримано аналітичні вирази для дослідження температурного поля. Визначено напружено-деформований стан колони, зумовлений нестаціонарним температурним полем. Результати досліджень зображені графічно. Проаналізовано залежність температурних напружень за товщиною колони від теплофізичних та механічних характеристик бетону. Отримані графічні залежності радіальних, тангенціальних та осьових напружень від радіуса в результаті дії температурного поля у бетонних колонах.
Виявлено, що радіальні напруження в бетонних колонах діють на стиск у всіх точках і перетворюються на нуль на зовнішній поверхні колони. Максимальних значень радіальних напружень досягають у центрі колони і вони збільшуються з часом.
Зауважено, що осьові й тангенціальні температурні напруження у нашому випадку досягають свого максимального абсолютного значення на зовнішній поверхні колони, і ці напруження діють на розтяг, тому тріщини чи інші пошкодження виникають на зовнішній поверхні колони.
3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY FOR MONOLITHIC BEAMS WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF REINFORCING BARS
Authors: Demchyna B. , Vozniuk L. , Surmai M. , Burak D. , Shcherbakov S.
Published: December 2024

The integration of 3D printing technology in construction has the potential to reduce costs and accelerate the construction and installation processes. While this technology is gaining global attention, Ukraine currently lacks regulations governing the design and construction of structures using 3D printing. Additionally, there is a limited experimental base regarding the bearing capacity and deformability of printed structures.
This publication proposes a methodology for the production of monolithic beams reinforced with single bars using a construction 3D printer. It outlines the entire process of manufacturing, from the design phase to product fabrication and readiness for experimental research.
To carry out the research, the design of the beams was first created using graphic software systems, which facilitated the formulation of tasks for a construction-grade 3D printer, considering the capabilities of this technology. Design and production drawings of the samples are included in this publication.
The reinforced monolithic beams were printed using a construction 3D printer by the Ukrainian company 3D TECHNOLOGY UTU LLC, following the developed work algorithm.
This methodology enabled the reinforcement of structures with single bars, in compliance with regulatory requirements, while allowing for future experiments.
As a result of this work, reinforced monolithic beams were successfully printed using the developed technology. To assess the physical and mechanical characteristics of the materials, samples of cubes and prisms were printed and cast into formwork. Additionally, reinforcement samples were created from the same batch used to reinforce the beams.
The proposed technology for producing beams with a 3D construction printer resulted in structures that adhered to previously established design solutions. The detailed sequence for printing beams allowed for effective reinforcement of monolithic beams with single bars.
O BUDOWNICTWIE WIELKOPŁYTOWYM W POLSCE
Authors: Sobczak-Piąstka Yu. , Famulyak Yu.
Published: December 2024

Po II wojnie światowej Polska doświadczyła masowej migracji ludności z obszarów wiejskich do miast, co wymagało budowy nowych budynków mieszkalnych, w których ludzie ci mogliby mieszkać. Budownictwo mieszkaniowe w Polsce do około 1950 roku charakteryzowało się tradycyjnymi metodami budowy. Były to głównie budynki murowane, z których część przetrwała do dziś i nadal jest użytkowana. Ponieważ wszystkie prace wykonywano na miejscu, były one pracochłonne, a tempo prac zależało również od warunków pogodowych, na przykład prace musiały zostać wstrzymane na zimę. Rosnący popyt na mieszkania w tamtym czasie można było zaspokoić jedynie za pomocą przemysłowych systemów budowlanych. Szacuje się, że ponad 10 milionów ludzi w Polsce mieszka dziś w prefabrykowanych budynkach, które były masowo produkowane w latach 1950–1990. Wraz z rozwojem konstrukcji prefabrykowanych coraz bardziej widoczne stają się ich wady. Zarówno w Polsce, jak i na Ukrainie brakuje kompleksowych i rzetelnych badań, analiz i statystycznego opracowania danych dotyczących stanu technicznego budynków wielkopłytowych. Żaden z tych krajów nie przeprowadził kompleksowej oceny stanu technicznego budynków wielkopłytowych, a tym samym nie określił stopnia ich degradacji. Jest to szczególnie istotne, gdyż tylko na tej podstawie można opracować koncepcję i określić zakres prac związanych z przebudową lub remontem tych obiektów. W obecnej sytuacji ma to fundamentalne znaczenie dla Polski, a w szczególności dla powojennej Ukrainy, gdyż ze względów ekonomicznych nie jest możliwe zastąpienie w najbliższych dziesięcioleciach takich budynków innymi, nowszymi obiektami, jak ma to obecnie miejsce np. w Niemczech i Francji. Dlatego wszelkie działania związane z dalszym użytkowaniem budynków wielkopłytowych w Polsce muszą bezwzględnie uwzględniać określenie ich stanu techniczno-eksploatacyjnego, stopnia zużycia, trwałości, niezawodności i bezpieczeństwa. W artykule przedstawiono informacje na temat aktualnego stanu użytkowania budynków wielkopłytowych w Polsce oraz perspektyw ich dalszej eksploatacji.