bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidermis structure in Mesembryanthemaceae
Authors: Ihlenfeldt H. -D.
Published: July 2015

The Mesembryanthemaceae, which inhabit the deserts and semi-deserts of Southern Africa, exhibit two very different types of epidermis. The first is characterized by thick outer cell walls encrusted by oxalate crystals, a thick cuticle and thick wax layers. In the second type, the epidermal cells exhibit only very thin outer cell walls, not encrusted by oxalate crystals, a very thin cuticle, and wax layers are poorly developed; the most prominent feature of this type is the occurrence of huge idioblasts often protruding as ‘bladder cells’. With regard to the climatic conditions in the native habitats this type of epidermis must be called ‘abnormal’. Both types of epidermis may form sculptures of three distinct size classes, which are not necessarily homologous. The function of these sculptures is still poorly understood. There is evidence that the sculptures influence the optical properties of the surfaces and thereby the radiation balance (and heat stress) of the leaves.From recent research, it has become evident that the two different types of epidermis are the anatomical expression of two different strategies for survival under extreme conditions. Species with the idioblast type of epidermis exhibit a strategy that might be called ‘opportunistic’. These species have developed a mechanism of gaining water from the atmosphere during the night under favourable conditions. There are indications that the idioblasts are involved in this mechanism.
Weed flora of South Africa 3: more power shifts in the veld
Authors: Wells M. J. , Engelbrecht V. M. , Balsinhas A. A. , Stirton C. H.
Published: July 2015

This paper deals with shifts towards plants with particular life cycles, growth forms, or from particular geographic areas. Exotics probably have their greatest impact in the aquatic habitat where they almost equal in number of species (the ratio is 3:5) and out-perform the indigenous aquatic flora. In the streambank habitat exotic weed species, mostly trees, outnumber indigenous weed species by more than 3 to 1. They are completely replacing indigenous streambank communities in many places. An investigation of their effect on stream flow and water loss is urgently required. The problems of the winter rainfall area are highlighted by the fact that it has 300% more indigenous species and 109% more weed species per unit area than the summer and all year rainfall areas. In the veld as a whole there is a significant and so far unremarked invasion by exotic annuals. The major invasive weed groupings are herbs from Europe and Asia and trees from Australia but South America probably has the greatest potential to provide us with new and dangerous weeds. A comparison of the weed floras of the southern continents could contribute much to an understanding of our own weed flora.
Threatened plants at the south-western corner of Africa
Authors: Hall A. V.
Published: July 2015

An account is given of the extent of floristic and habitat destruction in the area currently and formerly covered by the Cape Floristic Kingdom. An evaluation is given of the proportions of habitat threats and other factors affecting a sample of critically rare species. It is shown that invasive plants introduced from other countries pose a major threat to critically rare species in the areas where natural vegetation has not been fully replaced by suppressive land-uses. The value of the Cape Flora as a genetic resource for purposes such as an expanding cut-flower export-industry is demonstrated and research needs in this field are outlined.
Isolating mechanisms among five sympatric species of Aneilema,/i> R. Br. (Commelinaceae) in Kenya
Authors: Faden R. B.
Published: July 2015

The reproductive biology and ecology of five non-hybridizing, sympatric species of Aneilema in Kenya is investigated. The high number of species at the study site is believed to be due to the ecological diversity at this locality. Differences in ecology and seasonal flowering periods appear to be inadequate to reproductively isolate these species. However, differences in daily flowering times, pollinators, floral morphology and opening behaviour, and in chromosome number, alone or in combination (perhaps also coacting with other factors not fully evaluated), are effective isolating mechanisms.
Orchids and conservation in tropical Africa and Madagascar
Authors: Cribb P. J.
Published: July 2015

The importance of orchids to the cause of conservation is stressed. Progress in the cataloguing of the orchids of tropical Africa is reviewed and it is concluded that the orchid flora is incompletely known. It is suggested that, to aid the conservationists, authoritative checklists for each country be produced as a prior step to the writing of floristic accounts.
Flora reports
Authors: Katende A. B.
Published: July 2015

PLANT EXPLORATION IN UGANDA
Flora reports
Authors: Le Thomas A.
Published: July 2015

PROGRES ACCOMPLIS DANS LA CONNAISSANCE DES FLORES DU CAMEROUN ET DU GABON
FLORA REPORTS: REPORT ON THE PROGRESS OF CONSPECTUS FLORAE ANGOLENSIS
Authors: Mendes E. J.
Published: July 2015

REPORT ON THE PROGRESS OF CONSPECTUS FLORAE ANGOLENSIS
FLORA REPORTS: REPORT ON THE PROGRESS OF FLORA DE MOZAMBIQUE
Authors: Mendes E. J.
Published: July 2015

REPORT ON THE PROGRESS OF FLORA DE MOZAMBIQUE
New taxa of Aneilema R. Br. (Commelinaceae) from southern and tropical East Africa
Authors: Faden R. B.
Published: July 2015

Four new species of Aneilema are described: A. indehiscens Faden, with subsp. indehiscens (Kenya, Tanzania) and subsp. lilacinum Faden (Zimbabwe, Mozambique, South Africa); A. arenicola Faden (Mozambique, South Africa); A. brunneospermum Faden (Mozambique, Swaziland, South Africa); and A. tanaense Faden (Kenya). A new subspecies, Aneilema dregeanum Kunth subsp, mossambicense Faden (Mozambique), is also described, and A. johmtonii K. Schum. is lectotypified.
The genus Thunbergia in southern Africa*
Authors: Retief E. , Reyneke W. F.
Published: July 2015

Acanthaceae, revision, southern Africa, taxonomy Thunbergia
POACEAE: A NEW SPECIES OF EHRHARTA
Authors: Gibbs Russell G. E.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF EHRHARTA
POACEAE
Authors: Smook L. , Gibbs Russell G. E.
Published: July 2015

NAME CHANGES AND ADDITIONAL SPECIES OF SOUTHERN AFRICAN POACEAE
POACEAE: NOTES ON SPECIES OF EHRHARTA WITH A SHORT FIRST STERILE LEMMA
Authors: Gibbs Russell G. E.
Published: July 2015

NOTES ON SPECIES OF  EHRHARTA WITH A SHORT FIRST STERILE LEMMA
Classification of embryo sacs in the Eragrostis curvula Complex
Authors: Vorster T. B. , Liebenberg H.
Published: July 2015

At each of 17 collecting points between Johannesburg and Brits in the Transvaal, three plants which belong to the  Eragrostis curvula Complex were collected and studied. A total o f 3 902 embryo sacs was examined in this sample. Of the embryo sacs examined, 3 306 were apomictic by means of diplospory, whereas 99 were sexual monosporic Polygonum-type embryo sacs. One hundred and nineteen embryo sacs were abnormal or divergent, and 378 were degenerated. There are indications that seasonal climatic fluctuations may be responsible for embryo sacs developing abnormally or degenerating. Simple and multiple correlations confirmed that sexual embryo sacs usually do not develop abnormally or degenerate during the later developmental stages. This finding lends credence to both the system of classification of individual embryo sacs and to the validity of the estimate of the proportion of sexuality of the plants sampled at each sampling point.
A cover meter for canopy and basal cover estimations
Authors: Westfall R. H. , Panagos M. D.
Published: July 2015

A simple, inexpensive, pocket-sized cover meter for estimating both canopy and basal cover is described. The cover meter is based on the visual superimposition of canopy-to-gap ratio scales, on to vegetation. Tests indicate that, in certain vegetation types, accuracy is comparable to the wheel-point apparatus in estimating basal cover. Canopy cover is estimated in classes according to the Domin-Krajina cover-abundance scale.
Analysis of the size and composition of the southern African flora
Authors: Gibbs Russell G. E.
Published: July 2015

The southern African flora has been surveyed for the first time at species level in the List of Species of Southern African Plants (Gibbs Russell e tal., 1984). The numbers of taxa recorded for southern Africa are compared to the numbers reported from other parts of Africa, and the largest families in each area are listed and compared The species richness of southern Africa is compared to that of other parts of the world. The numbers of genera, species and infraspecific taxa are given for each familv in the souihern African flora, and compared to previous counts bv Dyer (1975. 1976) and Goldblatt (I97H).
The development from kinetic coefficients of a predictive model for the growth of Eichhornia crassipes in the field. IV. Application of the model to the Vernon Hooper Dam — a eutrophied South African impoundment
Authors: Musil C. F. , Breen C. M.
Published: July 2015

A model developed for  Eichhornia crassipes (Mart .) Solms was used to identify the limiting nutrient in the Vernon Hooper Dam and to predict population sizes, yields, growth rates and frequencies and amounts of harvest under varying conditions of nutrient loading and climate. Predicted data were used to evaluate the effectiveness of harvesting measures currently being employed for controlling both nutrient inputs and the population size in this impoundment. Predictions o f the population size, before harvesting was initiated, generally compared favourably with th a t estimated visually. Predictions of the quantities of P that could be removed daily by a 20 ha population indicate that such a population in the impoundment could reduce P concentrations in the epilimnion during summer stratification to levels limiting for algae. This may explain the observed reduction in algal concentrations since the introduction of harvesting. Estimates of the amounts and frequencies of harvest required to contain the predicted potential yields of a 20 ha population indicate that 100 metric tonnes of fresh water hyacinths harvested daily from the impoundment, under present conditions of reduced nutrient loading, are adequate during winter, but not during summer.
ASPARAGACEAE
Authors: Obermeyer A. A.
Published: July 2015

THE GENUS PROTASPARAGUS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA*
HEPPIACEAE (LICHENES)
Authors: Brusse F.
Published: July 2015

CORYNECYSTIS, A NEW LICHEN GENUS FROM TH E KA ROO, SOUTH AFRICA
Studies in the genus Riccia (Marchantiales) from southern Africa. 2. A new species of the section Pilifer: R. sarcosa
Authors: Volk O. H. , Perold S. M.
Published: July 2015

Riccia sarcosa Volk Perold, a new species endemic to southern Africa is described. This species belongs to the section  Pilifer Volk (1983), which now comprises 8 species characterized by the dorsal epithelium consisting of loose cell pillars.  R. sarcosa is recognized by the distinct white margins of the thallus, by inconspicuous hyaline scales that do not extend above the thallus margins and by the spore ornamentation consisting of round, deep-set areolae or foveae.
LILIACEAE
Authors: Glen H. F. , Hardy D. S.
Published: July 2015

A METHOD FOR THE NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION OF LEAVES OF ALOE SPECIES BY SEM
POACEAE
Authors: Linder H. P.
Published: July 2015

DIVERSE NOTES ON SOUTHERN AFRICAN POOIDS
RICCIACEAE
Authors: Perold S. M.
Published: July 2015

PTERORICCIA SCHUST., SHOULD IT BE UPHELD?
Miscellaneous note
Authors: Linder H. P.
Published: July 2015

A BRIEF NOTE ON TCD AND DBN AND THE HERBARIA OF SONDER,  HOOKER AND HARVEY
FABACEAE
Authors: Jarvie J. K. , Theron C. H.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF INDIGOFERA FROM THE SOUTHERN CAPE
LILIACEAE
Authors: Germishuizen G.
Published: July 2015

BILDERDYKIA AND  REYNOUTRIA NEW TO THE FLORA OF THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN REGION
The biomes of the eastern Cape with emphasis on their conservation
Authors: Lubke R. A. , Everard D. A. , Jackson Shirley
Published: July 2015

The four major phytochoria of southern Africa, the Cape. Tongoland-Pondoland. Karoo-Namib and Afromontane regions, converge in the complex transition zone of the eastern Cape. The area is rich in species and communities with a complex vegetation in which are represented all the major vegetation formations of southern Africa — Cape Fynbos. Cape Transitional Shrublands, Subtropical Thicket. Karoo, Savanna, Afromontane Forest, Grasslands and Littoral Strand Vegetation. Our results support previous findings that, although species-rich and of great diversity, the flora has fewer endemics (205 or 5,6%) than the Cape (73%) or Karoo-Namib (35%).  The communities with the largest proportion of endemics (30%), and threatened plants (18%) are those of the Subtropical Thicket. On the basis of these data and an index of conserv ation status, the Subtropical Thicket was determined to be highest on the priority list for conservation in the eastern Cape. Subtropical Thicket is being cleared at an increasing rate and is most vulnerable due to changing farming practice.
A synopsis of Tephrosia subgenus Barbistyla (Fabaceae) in southern Africa
Authors: Schrire B. D.
Published: July 2015

A synopsis of the southern African species of Tephrosia Pers. subgenus Barbistyla Brummitt is given. Twenty-one species are recognized. A new species, T. brummittii B. D. Schrire, is described and six new combinations are presented. The key is partly descriptive to provide diagnoses of the taxa and includes information on distributions. Vouchers are noted from at least three different herbaria to aid identification. Detailed notes are provided on atypical collections and taxa that require further investigation. Typification has been done as far as necessary to ensure that the names used are correct.
LICHINACEAE: A NEW SPECIES OF THYREA FROM OTAVI DOLOMITE (DAMARA SYSTEM)
Authors: Brusse F.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF THYREA FROM OTAVI DOLOMITE (DAMARA SYSTEM)
Bibliography of Fusarium (Fungi: Hyphomycetes) in South Africa, 1945-1985
Authors: Marasas W. F. O. , Lamprecht Sandra C. , Van Wyk P. S. , Anelich R. Y
Published: July 2015

A taxonomic study of the genus Fusarium in South Africa was published by Doidge in 1938. A record of all the fungi, including  Fusarium, known to occur in South Africa, and of the literature concerning them until the end of 1945, was compiled by Doidge in 1950. The present bibliography attempts to provide an index to all the literature on Fusarium in South Africa published after 1945 until the end of 1985. An alphabetical list of Fusarium species is provided and the hosts and/or substrates from which each species has been recorded are listed alphabetically together with references to the literature cited. A separate alphabetical list of hosts and substrates together with the Fusarium species recorded on each is also included.
Miscellaneous note: CHROMOSOME STUDIES ON AFRICAN PLANTS. 4.
Authors: Spies J. J.
Published: July 2015

CHROMOSOME STUDIES ON AFRICAN PLANTS. 4.
Synopsis of the genus Salix (Salicaceae) in southern Africa
Authors: Immelman K. L.
Published: July 2015

One species of  Salix, S. mucronata Thunb. (=S .  subserrata Willd.), with five subspecies, is recognized as indigenous to the southern African region. Problems of delimitation in the genus in southern Africa are discussed, and a key to the indigenous and exotic taxa is presented. The synonymy of the subspecies is presented, with leaf silhouettes and a distribution map of each. The following new combinations are made: S. mucronata subsp. hirsuta (Thunb.) Immelman, S.  mucronata subsp. capensis (Thunb.) Immelman, 5.  mucronata subsp. woodii (Seemen) Immelman and  S. mucronata subsp. wilmsii (Seemen) Immelman.
ACAROSPORACEAE
Authors: Brusse F.
Published: July 2015

A NEW YELLOW ACAROSPORA (LICHENES) FROM THE WATERBERG, SOUTH WEST AFRICA/NAMIBIA
LILIACEAE
Authors: Codd L. E.
Published: July 2015

NOTES ON  KNIPHOFIA
Preliminary floristic analysis of the major biomes in southern Africa
Authors: Gibbs Russell G. E.
Published: July 2015

Over 24 000 plant taxa are known to occur in the southern African flora, which is extraordinarily rich on a species/area basis. Lists of species and infraspecific taxa recorded for the six major biomes, Fynbos, Savanna,Grassland, Nama-Karoo, Succulent Karoo and Desert, were obtained from the PRECIS specimen database.These lists were analysed by numbers of unique and shared species and infraspecific taxa. by differential occurrence and life forms of large genera, and by differential occurrence of families. Each biome is floristically distinct except Nama-Karoo. The biomes form two main groupings, those with winter rainfall and those with summer rainfall. Succulent Karoo is most similar to Fynbos and Nama-Karoo is most similar to Savanna.
A checklist of vascular plants of the Amatole Mountains, eastern Cape Province/Ciskei
Authors: Phillipson P. B.
Published: July 2015

A checklist of vascular plants of the Amatole Mountains is presented. The physical environment, climate and vegetation of the study area and the history of its botanical exploration are described. The mountains form part of the Winterberg Range in the eastern Cape/Ciskei region of south-eastern Africa, and cover an area of approximately 900 km2. The altitude ranges from about 700 m to 2 000 m above sea level, and the topography is very varied. The climate is warm temperate and supports various vegetation types including forest, sclerophyllous shrubland, grassland and marshland. The checklist records the occurrence of 1 215 taxa. The largest families and genera in the area contain predominantly grassland herbs. Many of the characteristic families of the Cape Floristic Region and of the arid areas of southern Africa are poorly represented in the Amatole Mountains.
OBITUARY
Authors: Van Wyk A. E.
Published: July 2015

ROLF DAHLGREN (1932-1987)
OBITUARY
Authors: Du Plessis Emsie
Published: July 2015

JOHN FREDERICK VICARS PHILLIPS (1899-1987)
Miscellaneous note: THE PLANT NUMBER SCALE — AN IMPROVED METHOD OF COVER ESTIMATION USING VARIABLE-SIZED BELT TRANSECTS
Authors: Westfall R. H. , Panagos M. D.
Published: July 2015

THE PLANT NUMBER SCALE — AN IMPROVED METHOD OF COVER ESTIMATION USING VARIABLE-SIZED BELT TRANSECTS
The naturalized species of Lupinus (Fabaceae) in southern Africa
Authors: Stirton C. H.
Published: July 2015

Four species of  Lupinus have become naturalized in southern Africa:  L. consentinii Guss.,  L. angustifolius L.,  L. pilosus Murray and  L. luteus L. Their morphological variation and geographical distribution is discussed and a key is provided.
The Cheilanthes hirta complex and allied species (Adiantaceae/Pteri­daceae) in southern Africa
Authors: Jacobsen W. B. G. , Jacobson N. H. G
Published: July 2015

The very variable complex of plants until now ascribed to Cheilanthes hirta Swartz, together with some derived or allied species, is investigated. The type of the species as established by N. C. Anthony (1984), is accepted. Three new varieties are distinguished: Cheilanthes hirta Swartz var. brevipilosa W. N. Jacobsen, var. inferacampestris W. N.Jacobsen and var. nemorosa W. N. Jacobsen. One new form of Cheilanthes hirta var. brevipilosa W. N. Jacobsen is recognized: forma waterbergensis W. N. Jacobsen. Var.  laxa Kunze (1836) is given the new status of forma:  Chei­lanthes hirta var. brevipilosa W. N. Jacobsen forma laxa (Kunze) W. N. Jacobsen. Three allied species are discussed and included in the key to all taxa mentioned. Taxa are described and information given includes notes on distribution and ecology. Special attention is paid to spore morphology. Most taxa are illustrated by a habit photo, and all by line drawings and scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of the spores. Possible evolutionary conclusions, particularly on the nature of the spores and on frond dimensions in relation to geographical distribution and climate are discussed.
ACAROSPORACEAE
Authors: Brusse F.
Published: July 2015

LITHOGLYPHA, A NEW LICHEN GENUS FROM CLARENS SANDSTONE
LAMIACEAE
Authors: Codd L. E.
Published: July 2015

RESUSCITATION OF SYNCOLOSTEMON RAMULOSUS E. MEY. EX BENTH.
Miscellaneous note
Authors: Spies J. J. , Du Plessis H.
Published: July 2015

CHROMOSOME STUDIES ON AFRICAN PLANTS. 6.
Miscellaneous note
Authors: Voges S. P.
Published: July 2015

CHROMOSOME STUDIES ON AFRICAN PLANTS. 7.
Miscellaneous note: NEW PROGRAMS FOR PRELIMINARY SEQUENCING OF RELEVES AND SPECIES IN PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DATA SETS
Authors: Westfall R. H. , De Wet C.
Published: July 2015

NEW PROGRAMS FOR PRELIMINARY SEQUENCING OF RELEVES AND SPECIES IN PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DATA SETS
ERICACEAE
Authors: Oliver E. G. H.
Published: July 2015

COILOSTIGMA ZEYHERIANUM — A CORRECTION
GERANIACEAE
Authors: Voster P.
Published: July 2015

THE CORRECT AUTHOR CITATION FOR  PELARGONIUM SECTION  OTIDIA
ORCHIDACEAE
Authors: Hall A. V.
Published: July 2015

ADDITIONS TO THE SYNONYMY OF  EULOPHIA SCHWEINFURTHII
POLYGONACEAE
Authors: Germishuizen G.
Published: July 2015

REINSTATEMENT OF  OXYGONUM ACETOSELLA WELW.
New taxa, new records and name changes for southern African plants
Authors: Gibbs Russell G. E. , Welman W. G. , Germishuizen G. , Retief E. , Pienaar B. J. , Reid C. , Fisch L , Van Rooy J , Van Wyk C. M. , Kalake E.
Published: July 2015

Alterations to the inventory of about 24 000 species and infraspecific taxa of bryophytes and vascular plants in southern Africa are reported for the year 1987. The inventory, as presently maintained in the Taxon component of the PRECIS system, contains the accepted name for each taxon, synonyms previously in use as accepted names during the past half-century, and literature references necessary to identify species in each genus and to establish the synonymy. The inventory is updated as new research affecting plant classification in southern Africa is published. During 1987 there were 678 alterations, representing about 2,8% of the total number of taxa.a
Taxonomy and leaf anatomy of the genus Ehrharta (Poaceae) in southern Africa: the Dura group
Authors: Gibbs Russel G. E. , Ellis R. P.
Published: July 2015

The Dura species group in the genus Ehrharta Thunb. is differentiated morphologically by the perennial habit and the very large, awned, subglabrous spikelets and anatomically by the occurrence of tanniniferous cells and wax platelets obscuring the stomatal pores. The Dura group consists of two species, E. dura Nees ex Trin. and E. microlaena Nees ex Trin., which occur only in Mountain Fynbos. The group shows no clear morphological or anatomical relationship with other species groups in the genus in southern Africa.
ASTERACEAE
Authors: Brusse F.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF INEZIA (ANTHEMIDEAE) FROM THE NORTH-EASTERN TRANSVAAL
Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). XVIII. Centropodia mossamedensis
Authors: Ellis R. P.
Published: July 2015

The leaf blade anatomy of Centropodia mossamedensis (Rendle) T. A. Cope [=  Asthenatherum mossamedense (Rendle) Conert] is described and illustrated. This description is based on freshly fixed material and confirms that this species has Kranz anatomy with the C4 photosynthetic pathway. The anatomy differs little from that of C.  glauca and both undoubtedly belong to the same genus which is justifiably separated from the other danthonoid genera.
The vegetation ecology of the Eastern Transvaal Escarpment in the Sabie area. 2. Floristic classification
Authors: Deall G. B. , Theron G. K. , Westfall R. H.
Published: July 2015

The indigenous vegetation of the Eastern Transvaal Escarpment in the Sabie area is classified with the aid of the PHYTOTAB program package. Four ecological-formation classes (efc) based on floristics. physiognomy and climate correspond to four data subsets. Plant communities in each efc are defined by means of 46 differential species-groups distributed amongst forest, thicket, woodland, shrubland and grassland structural types. Environmental correlation is facilitated by means of 21 habitat types.
The vegetation ecology of the Eastern Transvaal Escarpment in the Sabie area. 3. Annotated checklist
Authors: Deall G. B. , Backer A. P.
Published: July 2015

Over 1 000 plant taxa occumng in a 1 300 km; belt transect extending from Hazyview (530 m elevation) to Mount Anderson (2 280 m elevation) in the Sabie area of the Eastern Transvaal Escarpment are listed by genus, with species arranged alphabetically within genera. Annotations include genus author, species author, growth form, habitat, collector and specimen number Floristic analysis shows the Asteraceae as representing the largest family, followed by the Fabaceae. Poaceae. Rubiaceae and Liliaceae Flonstic affinities are briefly discussed.
A survey and analysis of traditional medicinal plants as used by the Zulu; Xhosa and Sotho
Authors: Hutchings Anne
Published: July 2015

A coded list of 794 traditional Zulu medicinal plants is presented with a key to the ailments concerned. Xhosa and Sotho usage of these plants is incorporated. Medicinal usage in the ptendophytes, gymnosperms. monocotyledons and dicotyledons is tabulated. Ailments are categorized and discussed with an analysis of the plant families involved in their treatment. Patterns of usage between related plants are observed and some potentially effective or dangerous characteristic family constituents are briefly outlined.
OBITUARY
Authors: Schrire B. D.
Published: July 2015

RUDOLF GEORG STREY (1907-1988)
Taxonomy and leaf anatomy of the genus Ehrharta (Poaceae) in southern Africa: the Ramosa group
Authors: Gibbs Russel G. E. , Ellis R. P.
Published: July 2015

The Ramosa species group in the genus Ehrharta is distinguished morphologically by small spikelets with sterile lemmas similar to each other, with tips rounded, truncate or mucronate, with sides glabrous, scabrous or shortly hairy, and with bases appendaged and usually bearded. The rectangular intercostal long cells with sinuous walls, the dome-shaped stomata with a raised rim surrounding the pore aperture, the absence of epicuticular wax and the microhairs without a tapering distal cell are diagnostic anatomically. The Ramosa group is composed of two species: E. ramosa (Thunb.) Swartz subsp.  ramosa, subsp.  aphylla (Schrad.) Gibbs Russell and  E. rehmannii Stapf subsp.  rehmannii; subsp. filiformis (Nees) Gibbs Russell; subsp.  subspicata (Stapf) Gibbs Russell. All taxa are linked by intermediates to one or two others in the group. The closest relationship of the Ramosa group is to the Calyeina species group, on the basis of both morphological and anatomical characters.
ACANTHACEAE
Authors: Immelman K. L.
Published: July 2015

SIPHONOGLOSSA AND  AULOJUSTICIA IN SOUTHERN AFRICA
ARECACEAE
Authors: Peckham G. D. , Van Jaarsveld F. A.
Published: July 2015

NEW BOTANICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE ORIGIN OF THE  RAPHIA PALMS AT MTUNZINI
Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae): XIX. The genus Prionanthium
Authors: Ellis R. P.
Published: July 2015

The leaf blade anatomy of Prionanthium dentatum (L. f.) Henr.,  P. ecldonii (Nees) Stapf and  P. pholiuroides Stapf is described and illustrated. The transectional anatomy is non-Kranz with diffuse chlorenchyma. The adaxial epidermis has dome-shaped stomata, dumbbell-shaped to nodular silica bodies and elongated microhairs. The three species differ in the presence or absence of macrohairs, abaxial stomata and marginal linear, sessile glands. The latter character is shared with Pentaschistis triseta (Thunb.) Stapf and its allies, and relationships with  Pentaschistis are indicated rather than with any other extant arundinoid genus.
Miscellaneous note
Authors: Deall G. B. , Westfall R. H.
Published: July 2015

IMPROVING THE RESOLUTION OF FLORISTIC/HABITAT PATTERN CORRELATIONS ON PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL TABLES
The Genus Cyclopia , Vent
Authors: Hofmeyer Joan , Phillips E. P.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
A Fungus of Economic Importance on the Avacado (Persea Americana)
Authors: Doidge E. M.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
Studies in the genus Lotononis (Crotalarieae, Fabaceae). 9. Four new species of the L. pentaphylla group, section Lipozygis
Authors: Van Wyk B-E.
Published: July 2015

L. pentaphylla (E. Mey.) Benth. and related species were previously shown to be very different from the rest of the section Lipozygis (E. Mey.) Benth. of Lotononis (DC.) Eckl. Zeyh. These species are all annuals and can easily be distinguished by their capitate inflorescences, sessile flowers and indehiscent, wind-dispersed pods. Four new species of this group are described, namely L oligocephala B-E. van Wyk, L globulosa B-E. van Wyk, L. laticeps B-E. van Wyk and L. longicephala B-E. van Wyk.
Studies in the genus Riccia (Marchantiales) from southern Africa. 16. R. albomarginata and R. simii, sp. nov.
Authors: Perold S. M.
Published: July 2015

A description of Riccia albomarginata Bisch. ex Krauss, augmented with the aid of new collections which most closely match the relevant fragments of the type material, is presented. The type collection comprises two species. The fragments that I consider to be in closest agreement with Krauss’s protologue are selected as lectotype. As far as could be established the rest of the type material is probably referable to R. concava Bisch. As previously mentioned by Perold (1989b), Sim (1926) and subsequent authors had applied the name * R. albomarginata' to a different taxon. This taxon, R. albomarginata auct. non Bisch., is now described and illustrated as  R. simii, sp. nov. Its distribution and ecology are also noted.
OBITUARY
Authors: Fourie D. M. C.
Published: July 2015

MARY DAVIDSON GUNN (1899-1989)
Kranz distinctive cells in the culm of ArundineUa (Arundinelleae; Panicoideae; Poaceae)
Authors: Sanchez Evangelina , Arriaga Mirta O. , Ellis Roger P.
Published: July 2015

The transectional anatomy of photosynthetic flowering culms of Arundinella berteroniana (Schult.) Hitchc. Chase and A. hispida (Willd.) Kuntze from South America and A.  nepalensis Trin. from Africa is described and illustrated. The vascular bundles are arranged in three distinct rings, the outermost being external to a continuous sclerenchymatous band. Each of these peripheral bundles is surrounded by two bundle sheaths, a complete mestome sheath and an incomplete, outer, parenchymatous Kranz sheath, the cells of which contain large, specialized chloroplasts. Kranz bundle sheath extensions are also present. The chlorenchyma tissue is also located in this narrow peripheral zone and is interrupted by the vascular bundles and their associated sclerenchyma. Dispersed throughout the chlorenchyma are small groups of Kranz distinctive cells, identical in structure to the outer bundle sheath cells. No chlorenchyma cell is. therefore, more than two cells distant from a Kranz cell. The structure of the chlorenchyma and bundle sheaths indicates that the C4 photosynthetic pathway is operative in these culms. This study clearly demonstrates the presence of the peculiar distinctive cells in the culms as well as in the leaves of Arundinella. Also of interest is the presence of an inner bundle sheath in the vascular bundles of the culm whereas the bundles of the leaves possess only a single sheath. It has already been shown that Arundinella is a NADP-me C4 type and the anatomical predictor of a single Kranz sheath for NADP-me species, therefore, either does not hold in the culms of this genus or the culms are not NADP-me. This is only the second reported breakdown of this association between MS anatomy and the NADP-me biochemical C4 type.
Nomenclature in Mesembryanthema (Aizoaceae): the generic names by Rappa and Camarrone
Authors: Hartmann H. E. K. , Bittrich V.
Published: July 2015

A re-examination of the seven generic names used by Rappa and Camarrone reveals that three of them were validly published (Pentacoilanthus, Tetracoilanthus, Pteropentacoilanthus)\ the first one is lectotypified here. The other four names are invalidly published. Their synonymy is given nevertheless where possible.
A checklist of the plants of the Karkloof Forest, Natal midlands
Authors: Wirminghaus J. O.
Published: July 2015

A checklist of the plants of the Karkloof Forest is presented. Of the 400 taxa recorded, seven are bryophytes, 69 are pteridophytes. four are gyninosperms and 320 are angiosperms At least 17 of the plants recorded are localized or uncommon in Natal. Two of these are endemic to the area.
Studies in the genus Riccia (Marchantiales) from southern Africa. 18. New species in section Pilifer from the NW Cape: R. furfuracea, R. vitrea and R. namaquensis
Authors: Perold S. M.
Published: July 2015

Another three new species of Riccia in section  Pilifer Volk are described from Namaqualand, namely  R. furfuracea, R vitrea and R. namaquensis. There are certainly more undescribed species present in that region, but species from there are often very difficult to distinguish: almost all have hyaline scales, the free-standing dorsal cell pillars need to be examined in living plants and the spore ornamentation is quite variable.
CONVOLVULACEAE
Authors: Wijnands D. , Meeuse A. D. J.
Published: July 2015

THE CORRECT ORTHOGRAPHY AND AUTHOR CITATION OF  FALCKIA
ORCHIDACEAE
Authors: Linder H. P.
Published: July 2015

NOTES ON A RARE CAPE DISA
Ordination as a tool for substantiating and interpreting floristic classifications: a case study
Authors: Deall G. B. , Theron G. K.
Published: July 2015

Detrended Correspondence Analysis ordination is used as a tool for substantiating the authenticity of hierarchical syntaxa derived from a phytosociological classification of the vegetation of the Eastern Transvaal Escarpment in the Sabie area. Ecological interpretation of syntaxa is facilitated by superimposing environmental variables on axes of ordination.
Miscellaneous notes
Authors: Weisser P. J. , Germishuizen G.
Published: July 2015

DESCRIPTIVE ECOLOGICAL ACCOUNT OF INTENSIVE SPRING FLOWERING OF EPHEMERAL VEGETATION IN THE BOSHOF AREA, ORANGE FREE STATE, SOUTH AFRICA
The vegetation of the north-western Orange Free State, South Africa. 2. The D land type
Authors: Kooij M. S. , Bredenkamp G. J.
Published: July 2015

As part of a research programme on the synthesis of the vegetation of the western Grassland Biome, the plant communities of the D land type of the north-western Orange Free State were investigated. The results of a numerical classification (TWINSPAN) of 59 reievés were refined by Braun-Blanquet procedures. The analyses revealed eight plant communities which may be grouped into two major communities. A hierarchical classification, description and ecological interpretation of the plant communities, and an ordination (DECORANA) with associated environmental gradients, are presented.
New taxa, new records and name changes for southern African plants
Authors: De Wet B. C. , Germishuizen G. , Schrire B. D. , Jordaan M. , Pienaar B. J. , Welman W. G. , Reid C. , Van Wyk C. M. , Fish L. , Immelman K. L. , Van Rooy J. , Perold S. M. , Taussig J. , Barker N. P.
Published: July 2015

Additions and alterations to the inventory of approximately 25 000 southern African plant taxa are reported for the period from February 1989 to February 1990. In this period, a total of 890 alterations have been recorded. These changes result  from the continual surveying of taxonomic literature received by the library of the National Botanical Institute.
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
Authors: Retief E.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF ZYGOPHYLLUM FROM THE CAPE PROVINCE
FABACEAE
Authors: Schutte A. L.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF  AMPHITHALEA (LIPARIEAE)
AMARYLLIDACEAE
Authors: Vorster P.
Published: July 2015

THE CORRECT AUTHOR CITATION FOR  CLIVIA MINIATA
Mixoploidy and cytotypes: a study of possible vegetative species differentiation in stapeliads (Asclepiadaceae)
Authors: Albers F. , Meve U.
Published: July 2015

Mixoploidy is common in proembryos and embryos as well as in meristems of radicles, primary, secondary and adventitious roots and in innovation shoots of stapeliad species (Asclepiadaceae). The proportion of polyploid cells in the meristem of single adventitious roots is significantly higher than in meristems of primary and secondary roots. This may lead to a complete polyploidisation of adventitious roots. Innovation shoots display a low percentage of polyploid cells, comparable to the condition found in primary and secondary roots. Nevertheless cells of different euploid levels are frequently found. During field studies, however, individuals of a given population were always found to have the same chromosome number: infraspecific polyploidy was found in only three out of 305 investigated stapeliad species. Genera with an orthotropic growth form were found to be diploid throughout, whereas the genera of which the members spread vegetatively by means of innovation shoots, comprise di-, tetra- and polyploid species. This phenomenon can be ascribed to ecological rather than morphological factors. The often proposed hypothesis that new cytotypes can have a vegetative origin is not found to be acceptable.
Kamiesbergia, a new monotypic genus of the Amaryllideae-Strumariinae (Amaryllidaceae) from the north-western Cape
Authors: Snijman D. A.
Published: July 2015

Kamiesbergia Snijman is a new monotypic genus from raised granite outcrops in the north-western Cape. A member of the subtribe Strumariinae of the Amaryllideae, it is most closely related to  Hessea Herb, and  Namaquanula D. U. Miiller-Doblies. The dissimilar inner and outer stamens, the uniquely club-shaped inner filaments and the novel insertion of the filament in the proximal quarter of the anther connective are the main apomorphies of the genus. The number of rare and monotypic genera of Amaryllidaceae in this region is comparable to that of Andean South America.
Cyanophyceae associated with mangrove trees at Inhaca Island, Mozambique
Authors: Siva S. M. F.
Published: July 2015

A survey of the Cyanophyceae associated with two of the five mangrove trees and their associated Bostrychieta at Inhaca Island, Mozambique, was undertaken. Sixteen taxa belonging to 12 genera were identified. Of these, six taxa were new records for Mozambique, three at generic and three at specific level. Thirteen taxa of Cyanophyceae were found growing on Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. and four on Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Robinson.  Chamaecalyx leibleiniae (H. Reinsch)Komarek Anagnostidis was the only Cyanophyceae to occur on both species of tree.
Invasive alien woody plants of the northern Cape
Authors: Henderson L.
Published: July 2015

The frequency and abundance of invasive alien woody plants were recorded along roadsides and at watercourse crossings in 31% (90/286) of the quarter degree squares in the study area. The survey yielded 23 species of which the most prominent invaders were Prosopis spp. The most prominent remaining species were: Opuntia ficus-indica, Nicotiana glauca and Melia azedarach. The greatest abundance and diversity of alien invader plants were recorded near human settlements. More than half of the total recorded species have invaded perennial riverbanks. The episodic Molopo and Kuruman Rivers have been invaded almost exclusively by  Prosopis spp., which in places have formed extensive stands.
Studies in the genus Riccia (Marchantiales) from southern Africa. 24. R. moenkemeyeri, subgenus Ricciella: new records
Authors: Perold S. M.
Published: July 2015

Riccia moenkemeyeri was twice described by Stephani (1887, 1891), the second time as R abnormis. Amell (1952) described it as R. undulata. It is clearly a plastic species (Jones 1957) and is widely distributed in tropical Africa, from Sierra Leone (as R. undulata), Nigeria, Cameroon and into the Congo Basin. Until recendy, Sim’s specimens from the Matopos in Zimbabwe, were the most southerly records known, but the species has now also been collected in southern Africa, just east of Pretoria and at Kransberg, in the western Transvaal.
FABACEAE
Authors: Van Wyk B-E.
Published: July 2015

THE IDENTITY OF ARGYROLOBIUM OBSOLETUM AND THE CORRECT NAMES FOR SOME SPECIES OF POLHILUA (CROTALARIEAE)
PROTEACEAE
Authors: Rourke J. P.
Published: July 2015

THE CORRECT AUTHOR CITATION FOR  PARANOMUS REFLEXUS
The occurrence in southern Africa of the hepatic, Symphyogyna brasiliensis (Pallaviciniaceae)
Authors: Perold S. M.
Published: July 2015

In Magill Schelpe (1979) Symphyogyna lehmanniana is confirmed as occurring in southern Africa. Subsequently, however. Grolle (1980) reported that this name, which has been applied to a liverwort widespread in Africa, is a synonym of S.  brasiliensis. To draw attention to this synonymy, a description of S. brasiliensis, illustrated with photographs, is given here, as well as an account of its distinguishing features and its distribution.
Morphology, evolution and taxonomy of Wachendorfia (Haemodoraceae)
Authors: Helme N. E. , Linder H. P.
Published: July 2015

Wachendorfia Burm. is a small genus endemic to the Cape Floral Region. Pour species are recognised in this study. Two species were originally described by Burman in 1757 and these were followed by numerous other descriptions of what is essentially one very variable species  (W. paniculaia Burm.). This variation is discussed and reasons are given as to why the recognition of formal infraspecific taxa is inappropriate. Formal taxonomic descriptions, distribution maps and a key to the species are provided. Rhizome morphology, leaf anatomy and pollen and seed coat structures were investigated and illustrations are provided. A cladogram was inferred and this is consistent with an ecological speciation model for the genus. The two species with the most restricted distribution (W. brachyandra W.F. Barker and W. pamfiora W.F. Barker) are considered to be the most recently evolved. Features of systematic and ecological interest (e.g. floral enantiomorphy) are discussed.
RICCIACEAE
Authors: Perold S. M.
Published: July 2015

LECTOTYPIFICATION OF  RICCIA CRYSTALLINA
LILIACEAE/ASPHODELACEAE
Authors: Smith G. F.
Published: July 2015

LECTOTYPIFICATION OF APICRA JACOBSENIANA (ALOOIDEAE)
An analysis of the orchid flora of Mt Mulanje, Malawi
Authors: Kurzweil H.
Published: July 2015

The composition of the orchid flora of Mt Mulanje, Malawi, is analysed. The altitudinal distribution of the orchids, the distribution of the terrestrial and epiphytic species and the extralimital distribution of the species is assessed for both genera and subfamilies (after the systematic concept of Dressier 1981). The altitudinal distribution of species endemic to Malawi is also assessed. The terrestrial species show a significant increase with altitude whereas the epiphytic species are more dominant al the lower levels. A similar increase is also found in the species endemic to Malawi. An analysis of the distributions shared with other African countries reveals that most species also occur in Zambia, Zimbabwe and East Africa, whereas significantly fewer species are shared with Angola, southern Africa, Mocambique, Zaire and West Africa. Most species shared with tropical African countries are found on the lower slopes of Mt Mulanje.
Die fitososiologie van die Bankenveld in die Grootvlei-omgewing, Suid-Transvaal
Authors: Myburgh W. J. , Breytenbach P. J. J. , Theron G. K. , Bredenkamp G. J.
Published: July 2015

Die plantegroei van die Bankenveld in die Grootvlei-omgewing is fitososiologies ondersoek. ’n Totaal van 50 relevés is numeries (TWINSPAN) geklassifiseer deur van Braun-Blanquet-prosedures gebruik te maak. Daar is ses plantegroei-eenhede, insluitend twee variante, onderskei. Die resultate van ’n DECORANA-ordening stem grootliks ooreen met die plantegroei- eenhede, met geassosieerde omgewingsgradiënte van die Braun-Blanquet-opname.
Studies in the Ericoideae (Ericaceae). XII. The placing of the genus Blaeria into synonymy under Erica’, nomenclatural and taxonomic changes for the southern African region
Authors: Oliver E. G. H.
Published: July 2015

The reduction of the genus Blaeria to synonymy under Erica requires the publication of six new combinations and three new names for the nine taxa occurring in southern Africa. Four species are reduced to synonymy. Diagnostic features and distribution maps are provided.
Panicum simulans (Paniceae, Poaceae), a new species from southern Africa and its leaf anatomy
Authors: Smook L. , Ellis R. P.
Published: July 2015

Panicum simulans Smook from northern Namibia is formally described. The morphology and leaf blade anatomy in transection and surface view, as observed under the light microscope, are described. The species is compared to others with which it has been confused in the past.  P. simulans can be readily distinguished from  P. novemnerve Stapf and P schinzii Hack, on the basis of both anatomical and morphological characters such as the venation of the lower glume and the photosynthetic anatomy, which is of the NAD-me subtype of the C4 photosynthetic pathway. On this basis it appears that P simulans is closely allied to the P. coloratum L. group of species and should be placed in section Panicum of subgenus Panicum.
ROSACEAE: CUFFVRTIA FASCICULATA, A SUPERFLUOUS NAME FOR C. AMPLEXISTIPULA
Authors: Fellingham A. C.
Published: July 2015

CUFFVRTIA FASCICULATA, A SUPERFLUOUS NAME FOR C.  AMPLEXISTIPULA
OXALIDACEAE
Authors: Oliver E. G. H.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF  OXALIS FROM THE WESTERN CAPE
Pollen morphology of Curroria, Mondia, Socotranthus and Stomatostemma (Periplocaceae)
Authors: Verhoeven R. L. , Venter H. J. T.
Published: July 2015

The pollen morphology of I Planch., O Skeels, Socotranthus Kuntze and Stomatostemma N.E. Br. was studied.All the genera are characterized by pollen grains arranged in tetrads. The arrangement of the grains may be rhomboidal, tetrahedral or decussate. The 4 - 6 pores present are restricted to the junction area of adjacent grains. The exine is smooth.Exine structure consists of an outer, homogeneous stratum (tectum) subtended by a granular stratum. The intine is well developed. The pollen grains of tetrads are connected by wall bridges (cross-wall cohesion). Except for small differences which may occur between species and genera in pollen size and arrangement of tetrads, the pollen is uniform in morphology.
Dynamics of the forest vegetation of the Umtiza Nature Reserve, East London
Authors: Midgley J. J. , Gobetz P. N.
Published: July 2015

The forest community at the Umtiza Nature Reserve near East London was surveyed using 24 plots (0.04 ha) in which all woody stems 0.5 m tall were enumerated. Based on a classification using numbers of stems of canopy species, it was assumed that basically only one forest community was sampled. Further multivariate analyses suggest that this forest is fine-grained. Sample plots were similarly placed in ordination space irrespective of whether woody species occurrence was used as importance value or if species occurrence per size class was used separately [seedlings (0.5-1.0 m), saplings (1-5 m) or canopy individuals ( 5 m)). An analysis of size-class distributions of the most common canopy species indicated that the majority of species exhibited inverse J-shaped size-class distributions. This is the expected pattern for a fine-grained forest. In these measures of dynamics, this forest is not fundamentally different to the more temperate Afromontane forests.
Synopsis of the genus Brachylaena (Asteraceae) in southern Africa
Authors: Cilliers S. S.
Published: July 2015

A synopsis of the southern African representatives of the genus Brachylaena R. Br. (Asteraceae) is presented, in which seven species and two subspecies are recognized. B. uniflora Harv. is placed in synonymy with B. discolor subsp.  transvaalensis (Phill. Schweick.) J. Paiva and the division of subsp.  discolor in two varieties is not accepted. Descriptions, synonymy, voucher specimens, distribution maps, line drawings and keys to the species and subspecies are given.