bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The representation of stimulus features during stable fixation and active vision
Authors: Moran Caoimhe , Johnson Philippa A. , Hogendoorn Hinze , Landau Ayelet N.
Published: January 2025

Predictive updating of an object’s spatial coordinates from pre-saccade to post-saccade contributes to stable visual perception. Whether object features are predictively remapped remains contested. We set out to characterise the spatiotemporal dynamics of feature processing during stable fixation and active vision. To do so, we applied multivariate decoding methods to electroencephalography (EEG) data collected while human participants (male and female) viewed brief visual stimuli. Stimuli appeared at different locations across the visual field at either high or low spatial frequency (SF). During fixation, classifiers were trained to decode SF presented at one parafoveal location and cross-tested on SF from either the same, adjacent or more peripheral locations. When training and testing on the same location, SF was classified shortly after stimulus onset (∼79 ms). Decoding of SF at locations farther from the trained location emerged later (∼144 - 295 ms), with decoding latency modulated by eccentricity. This analysis provides a detailed time course for the spread of feature information across the visual field. Next, we investigated how active vision impacts the emergence of SF information. In the presence of a saccade, the decoding time of peripheral SF at parafoveal locations was earlier, indicating predictive anticipation of SF due to the saccade. Crucially however, this predictive effect was not limited to the specific remapped location. Rather, peripheral SF was correctly classified, at an accelerated time course, at all parafoveal positions. This indicates spatially coarse, predictive anticipation of stimulus features during active vision, likely enabling a smooth transition on saccade landing.

Significance StatementMaintaining a continuous representation of object features across saccades is vital for stable vision. In order to characterise the spatiotemporal dynamics of stimulus feature representation in the brain, we presented stimuli at a high and low spatial frequency at multiple locations across the visual field. Applying EEG-decoding methods we tracked the neural representation of spatial frequency during both stable fixation and active vision. Using this approach, we provide a detailed time course for the spread of feature information across the visual field during fixation. In addition, when a saccade is imminent, we show that peripheral spatial frequency is predictively represented in anticipation of the post-saccadic input.
“There Is No Escape”
Authors: Mantilla-Wright Silvia
Published: January 2025

Hades (Supergiant Games, 2020) is well known not only for its successful roguelite design and modernized Greek mythological elements but is also highly regarded for its soundtrack. With thumping bass lines, distorted guitar chords, electronic rhythmic backing tracks, and Greek and Mediterranean traditional instruments, the music of Hades sets a distinct aesthetic atmosphere for each level, boss encounter, and character interaction in the game. The soundtrack masters an effective balance between supporting game mechanics in play while acting as a functional device of the game’s narrative. This article discusses how Hades’s music resolves fears of death as an inevitable consequence of living, paradoxically one that not even immortal gods can escape, and presents the alternative possibility that there might not be permanence in death after all. Using death literature and musical study to explore themes of death and ritual, this article demonstrates how this is reflected in the soundtrack’s compositional design. Subsequently, Zagreus’s identity in the music acts as a catalyst for change on other parts of the soundtrack to ultimately support the emotional narrative of the game.
The Politics of Property: Place-Making in Una, Saxon, and Arcadia
Authors: Buckmaster Sarah
Published: January 2025

Una, Saxon, and Arcadia are three neighborhoods in Spartanburg County, South Carolina undergoing an era of neighborhood re-organization, change, and development. As historic textile mill villages from the county’s age of industrialization, the Una, Saxon, and Arcadia neighborhoods today are characterized by privately-owned, mid-century mill homes and a high population of renters. Neighbors are concerned about the dilapidated housing stock falling into disrepair and the resulting impacts of abandoned and condemned properties. To advocate alongside Una, Saxon, and Arcadia residents for equitable neighborhood investment, our research team conducted two years of mixed-method ethnographic research across the three neighborhoods to determine the impacts of abandoned and condemned properties on neighborhood wellness. Through our research collaborations, our team identified deeply personal and political associations between residents, their homes, and their stake in the Una, Saxon, and Arcadia community. Advocating for equity in Una, Saxon, and Arcadia cannot be simplified to one policy recommendation or development plan. Rather, collective organization and engagement amongst residents bolstered by key stakeholders, such as the county, may provide an equitable and inclusive path to reimagining neighborhood futures.
Solanes Corella, Ángeles: ¿Castigar o premiar? Las sanciones positivas, Tirant lo Blanch, Valencia, 2023, 320 páginas
Authors: Colomer Bea David
Published: January 2025

Recensión al libro Solanes Corella, Ángeles: ¿Castigar o premiar? Las sanciones positivas, Tirant lo Blanch, Valencia, 2023, 320 páginas
ОЦЕНКА ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ СПЕЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ РЕГИОНА НА ОСНОВЕ МЕТОДА TOPSIS
Authors: ИВАНОВ П.А.
Published: January 2025

В статье на примере обрабатывающей промышленности Республики Башкортостан представлены результаты оценки экономической специализации региона, анализируемые в привязке к результативности общественных финансов субъекта РФ. В качестве инструментального обеспечения был использован метод TOPSIS, позволивший выявить виды экономической деятельности рассматриваемого региона, являющиеся наиболее перспективными для финансовой поддержки в целях повышения результативности использования общественных финансов территории. По результатам исследования установлено, что, во-первых, в 2021-2022 гг. на фоне воздействий на экономику региона ковидных и санкционных ограничений произошло повышение значимости показателя общественных финансов (объем поступлений в бюджетную систему с территории субъекта РФ в расчете на одного занятого) в системе оценки экономической специализации региона, во-вторых, несмотря на изменение наиболее предпочтительного направления поддержки с деревообрабатывающей отрасли (2019-2020 гг.) на деятельность по производству лекарственных средств (2021-2022 гг.), ядро экономической специализации республики практически не изменилось. В качестве приоритетных направлений дальнейшей поддержки выявлены химическое производство, производство прочих транспортных средств, производство бумаги, производство электрического оборудования и производство прочей неметаллической минеральной продукции. Поддержка данных отраслей позволит обеспечить наиболее высокий уровень результативности использования общественных финансов в обрабатывающей промышленности Республики Башкортостан.

This article presents an assessment of the regional economic specialization, using the Republic of Bashkortostan and its manufacturing industry as a case study, analyzed in relation to public finance performance in this constituent entity of the Russian Federation. The TOPSIS method was employed as a tool to identify the most promising economic activities for financial support, aiming to enhance the performance of public finance utilization in the region. The study has found that in 2021-2022, amid the impacts of COVID-19 and sanctions on the regional economy, the significance of the public finance indicator (revenue collected per employee in the region) increased in the evaluation of economic specialization. What is more, despite a shift in the preferred area of support from the woodworking industry (2019-2020) to pharmaceutical production (2021-2022), the core of the region’s economic specialization remained virtually unchanged. Priority industries for continued financial support include chemical production, vehicle manufacturing, paper production, electrical equipment manufacturing, and non-metallic mineral products. Supporting these sectors is expected to maximize the performance of public finance use in the Republic of Bashkortostan’s manufacturing industry.
ПОКУПАТЕЛЬНАЯ СПОСОБНОСТЬ РАБОТНИКОВ В СУБЪЕКТАХ РФ ПО ВИДАМ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ
Authors: ОСМОЛОВСКАЯ-СУСЛИНА А.Л. , БОРИСОВА С.Р.
Published: January 2025

Целью данной работы является анализ коэффициента покупательной способности работающего населения в России по регионам, по видам экономической деятельности и по децильным группам с акцентом на работников с относительно приемлемым уровнем заработка (т.е. людей, которые не находятся у черты бедности, но при этом не могут считаться богатыми). Подобный ракурс в научной литературе встречается достаточно редко, однако он может дополнить картину благосостояния российских работников и быть полезным как для исследователей, так и для региональных органов власти. В работе вводятся понятия минимально необходимого и приемлемого уровней заработной платы и выполняется анализ распределения работников по децильным группам соответственно уровню покупательной способности в 85 субъектах РФ для 18 видов экономической деятельности по разделам ОКВЭД 2 для периода 2017-2022 гг. Анализ показал, что достижение работником минимально необходимого и приемлемого уровней заработной платы различается по секторам занятости. Однако в первом случае эта дифференциация в большинстве регионов со временем уменьшается, а во втором - увеличивается. Выявлены виды деятельности, наиболее и наименее благополучные с точки зрения достижения работниками приемлемого уровня заработка, а также сделаны выводы относительно регионов, имеющих выраженную отраслевую специализацию.

This paper aims to analyze the purchasing power coefficient of Russia’s working population, focusing on regional differences, sectors of economic activity, and decile groups. The study specifically examines workers with a relatively acceptable level of earnings-those not living in poverty but also not considered wealthy. This approach is uncommon and underexplored, but it offers valuable insights into the welfare of Russian workers, potentially benefiting both researchers and regional authorities. The article introduces the concepts of minimum necessary and acceptable wage levels and examines the distribution of workers across decile groups based on purchasing power. It covers 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation and 18 sectors of economic activity, classified according to OKVED 2, over the period from 2017 to 2022. The analysis reveals that workers’ ability to achieve minimum necessary and acceptable wage levels varies by employment sector. Over time, the disparity in meeting minimum wage levels decreases across most regions, while the gap in achieving acceptable wage levels widens. The study identifies the most and least favorable sectors for achieving acceptable earnings and draws conclusions on regions with pronounced sectoral specializations.
АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ ЭКОНОМИКИ РОССИЙСКО-БЕЛОРУССКОГО ПРИГРАНИЧЬЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ МЕЖГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ
Authors: КУЗАВКО А.С.
Published: January 2025

В статье представлены результаты исследования некоторых элементов экономики регионов российско-белорусского приграничья: внешней торговли, конкуренции, рынка труда. В процессе исследования была проверена рабочая гипотеза о возникновении положительных и отрицательных последствий для экономики регионов российско-белорусского приграничья по итогам строительства Союзного государства Республики Беларусь и Российской Федерации. Посредством статистического и социологического методов исследованы как уже возникшие, так и потенциально возможные изменения во внешней торговле хозяйствующих субъектов из российско-белорусского приграничья. Опросы руководителей организаций позволили выявить преобладание межотраслевой торговли резидентов приграничья над внутриотраслевой. Также выделены основные группы торгуемых товаров. В результате межгосударственной интеграции изменился уровень конкуренции в приграничье, что приводит к трансформации бизнеса и определяет необходимость поиска новых ниш в ряде отраслей экономики. В статье представлены статистические и социологические данные о рынках труда в приграничных белорусских и российских регионах. Выводы, полученные по результатам исследования, могут быть использованы органами власти приграничных регионов для корректировки внутренних стратегий развития, а также дорожных карт строительства Союзного государства. Автором исследования предлагается разработать межгосударственную стратегию социально-экономического развития регионов российско-белорусского приграничья, направленную на поддержание положительных и нивелирование отрицательных последствий приграничных интеграционных процессов.

The article presents the results of a study examining key economic aspects of the Russian-Belarusian border regions: foreign trade, competition, and the labor market. The research explores the hypothesis that both positive and negative effects have emerged in the region’s economy due to the formation of the Union State of Belarus and Russia. Using statistical and sociological methods, the study underscores changes in foreign trade among economic entities in these border regions. Surveys of entrepreneurs reveal that inter-industry trade in the borderlands prevails over intra-industry trade, with key groups of traded goods highlighted. Interstate integration has also affected the level of competition, driving business transformation and prompting the search for new niches in various economic sectors. Additionally, the article presents statistical and sociological data confirming a labor shortage in the border regions. The findings can assist regional authorities in adjusting internal development strategies and roadmaps related to the Union State’s construction. We propose to draft a supranational strategy for the socio-economic development of the Russian-Belarusian border regions, aimed at capitalizing on the positive effects and mitigating the negative consequences of interstate integration.
Influencia de datos discordantes en el modelo Tucker3
Authors: Vásquez Pérez José Luis , Cambillo Moyano Emma
Published: January 2025

El presente artículo aborda la evaluación del Modelo Tucker3 mediante el análisis de conjuntos de datos macroeconómicos de los departamentos del Perú durante el periodo 2007-2021. El enfoque se centra en la cuantificación del impacto de observaciones discordantes, particularmente en relación con Lima y Callao, sobre la estructura de la solución, la determinación de las dimensiones y la representación de las vías en sus respectivos componentes. Los resultados destacan el relevante papel de Lima y Callao en la variabilidad total, aunque este impacto no conlleva modificaciones estructurales en el modelo. No obstante, se observa una influencia en la importancia relativa de los componentes en las diferentes vías del Modelo Tucker3.
Leksiniai veiksmažodžiai lietuvių sakytiniame akademiniame diskurse: dėstytojų pozicijos švelninimas humanitarinių ir socialinių mokslų seminaruose
Authors: Maslauskienė Greta
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the use of lexical verbs as hedging devices in Lithuanian academic discourse, based on data from the VuSemCorp corpus, which comprises seminar texts from the humanities (philosophy, literature, linguistics) and social sciences (sociology, political science, communication studies). The analysis focuses on the frequency, semantic categories, and pragmatic functions of lexical verbs in lecturers’ speech. Findings reveal that lecturers strategically employ lexical verbs to acknowledge alternative interpretations, soften criticism and directives, and demonstrate politeness. Hedging their utterances enables lecturers to adopt the role of guides or facilitators rather than authoritarian figures, thereby cultivating an open, interactive, and collaborative learning environment.
An interdisciplinary perspective highlights that the use of lexical verbs for hedging varies by discipline. Sociology, linguistics, and philosophy demonstrated the highest frequency and diversity of hedging verbs. Lecturers in these fields showed a pronounced tendency to soften statements using first-person singular and plural forms, marking their subjective opinions and sharing interpretative responsibility with students. This linguistic strategy reflects a stronger emphasis on engaging students in co-constructing knowledge specific to these disciplines.
Additionally, this article emphasizes the roles of (inter)subjectivity, politeness, and speaker commitment in the relatively understudied domain of Lithuanian spoken academic discourse. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how hedging shapes communication dynamics in academic settings.
„Kinderverschickung“
Authors: Hertz Helge-Fabien
Published: January 2025

Zwischen 1945 und 1990 wurden Millionen von Kindern in der BRD und DDR auf ärztliche Anordnung für mehrere Wochen in Kurheime „verschickt“. Während viele ehemalige Verschickungskinder heute von Gewalterfahrungen berichten, erinnern sich andere positiv an diese Zeit, und das Kurheimpersonal weist jede Schuld von sich. Die wissenschaftliche Erforschung dieses sozialmedizinischen Massenphänomens steht noch am Anfang. Der Beitrag skizziert die bisherige Aufarbeitung am Beispiel des Kurortes St. Peter-Ording. Nach grundsätzlichen Überlegungen zur historischen Gerechtigkeit wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie eine solche Gerechtigkeit im Kontext der Kinderverschickung aussehen kann. Dabei wird auch die Rolle der Forschung in diesem Zusammenhang beleuchtet.
Exponential utility maximization in small/large financial markets
Authors: Rásonyi Miklós , Sayit Hasanjan
Published: January 2025

Obtaining a utility-maximizing optimal portfolio in a closed form is a challenging issue when the return vector follows a more general distribution than the normal one. In this paper, for markets based on finitely many assets, a closed-form expression is given for optimal portfolios that maximize an exponential utility function when the return vector follows normal mean-variance mixture models. Especially, the used approach expresses the closed-form solution in terms of the Laplace transformation of the mixing distribution of the normal mean-variance mixture model and no distributional assumptions on the mixing distribution are made.
Also considered are large financial markets based on normal mean-variance mixture models, and it is shown that the optimal exponential utilities in small markets converge to the optimal exponential utility in the large financial market. This shows, in particular, that to reach the best utility level investors need to diversify their investments to include infinitely many assets into their portfolio, and with portfolios based on only finitely many assets they will never be able to reach the optimum level of utility.
Sustainable utilization of solid waste byproducts in agricultural amendments as soil conditioner: A state-of-the-art review
Authors: Johnson Jeyaraj Nittin , Sankararajan Vanitha
Published: January 2025

Recent advances have enabled solid waste byproducts to effective soil amendment in order to minimize the use of inorganic fertilizers and increase crop yields to provide food for a high-population world. This review aims to summarize the essential nutrients required for crop production, the ability of nutrient supply of solid waste byproducts as soil conditioners, and its impacts on plant growth and soil properties. This paper analyzes the sources of plant nutrients, functions, symptoms of deficiency, and corrective measures. This review analyzed the byproducts of municipal solid waste compost, waste biomass, biochar, farmyard manure, press-mud molasses, vinasses, olive mill waste, spent mushroom compost and fly ash (FA), cow dung vermicomposting with FA, FA mixed with biochar, sewage sludge-FA mixture, fiber sludge, sewage sludge, bauxite residue, poultry waste to determine their ability to supply nutrients, affecting plant growth and soil properties significantly. This review also discusses the challenges associated with solid waste byproducts used in agricultural soil amendment on the environment and human health and possible future strategies to be adopted. Overall, this review provides insights to farmers about the use of solid waste byproducts as soil conditioners for the enrichment of essential nutrients and soil properties in farming soil.
Perception of the ethical climate among healthcare professionals in an emergency room from southern Brazil
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, Carpes Lanes Taís , de Lima Dalmolin Graziele , Maciel da Silva Augusto , Antunez Villagran Camila , da Silva Caram Carolina , Bosi  de Souza Magnago Tânia Solange
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The ethical climate is defined as the shared perception among healthcare professionals of what is ethically correct behavior and how to deal with ethical issues. Objective: To evaluate the perception of the ethical climate among health professionals working in an emergency room. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with healthcare professionals working in the emergency room of a university hospital in southern Brazil. Collection took place in January 2024 through the Positive Ethical Climate Promotion Platform, through the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey-Brazilian Version instrument. The data was organized and analyzed on the Positive Ethical Climate Promotion Platform, applying descriptive statistics. Results: 71 health professionals participated in the research, in which the general ethical climate was classified as positive (M=3.73; SD=0.60). The factors were evaluated as positive, except for the medical factor (M=3.23; SD=1.16), classified as negative. Descriptively, female professionals (p=0.063), with a partner (p=0.508), aged over 42 years (p=0.047) and with training time over 17 years (p=0.072) presented high averages for positive ethical climate, however, only age showed a significant association. Discussion: Despite the positive assessment of the general ethical climate, the importance of self-reflection and self-awareness when making ethical decisions in care is understood. Conclusion: The general ethical climate and its factors were evaluated as positive, however, the medical factor was perceived as negative.
Linguopragmatics of Interaction in the Genre of Business Presentation
Authors: Sorokoletova Natalya
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the description of the discursive and pragmatic parameters of interaction in the genre of business presentation. As a rhetorical genre of business discourse, the presentation is characterized by its own scenario of communicative behavior and aims at informing the audience about innovations (ideas, projects, brands, goods, services) and providing their commercial promotion by influencing people (potential customers) and encouraging them to take actions beneficial to the company. According to the study the model of business presentation genre includes its obligatory participants (addressees and addressers); the specific interaction between them is determined by informativity and persuasiveness of the communication. The implementation of the interaction between the addresser and addressee is carried out through specific tactics of communicative dialogization, actualized by a number of discursive and pragmatic means (general/special questions, cohesion and coherence techniques, imperatives), as well as etiquette speech acts that organize and maintain contact throughout the communication. The linguistic-and-pragmatic analysis revealed that in the business presentations under study etiquette speech acts of greeting, appeal, gratitude, farewell create polyfunctional speech units (sometimes a sequence of them) producing the illusion of interaction (pseudo-dialogue): the addresser, as an agent of communication, attracts and captures the attention of the addressees and their interest to the topic of the presentation, monitors the process of communication and provides its positive tonality. The choice of linguistic and pragmatic means is determined by the purpose of the presentation and is modelled by the intentions of the addresser.
Old Russian Subordinate Clause with a Participle as the Only Predicative: A Diachronic Aspect
Authors: Kunavin Boris
Published: January 2025

The article investigates complex sentences, in the subordinate part of which the nominal active participle is the only predicative. Its relevance is expressed in the great importance of these constructions, in understanding the originality of Old Russian syntax in general and the features of the evolution of the syntactic functions of nominal active participles on the way of their transformation into gerunds in particular, and in the inconsistency of linguistic interpretation of their structure, functions, and genesis by various researchers. The study aims at providing comprehensive description of syntactic constructions with a nominal active participle as the only predicative and determination of the dynamics of their use throughout the history of the Russian language, starting with the written tradition up to the 18th century. To achieve the goal, descriptive, comparative-historical, and comparative-typological methods were applied to the analysis of literary texts of the 11th – 17th centuries, which enabled the identification of various conjunctions and connective words, used to provide joining a subordinate clause to the main part of the sentences under study. The types of participial clauses were identified; the reasons for their distribution in the Old Russian language were established, their originality was proved; the genesis, genre and stylistic marking, the reasons for the loss were determined, amid the elimination of simple preterit forms, the development of hypotaxis and the structure of a simple sentence.
Historical matters in medical publications of the turn of the XIX-XX centuries
Authors: Tutorskaya M. S.
Published: January 2025

This paper analyses different approaches to historical and medical matters at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries: the methods of lecturers at the Medical Faculty of the Imperial Moscow University and the humanities course that was developed for medical students at the Imperial Military Medical Academy in St. Petersburg. Examples of the so-called "corporate" history of medicine - historical essays and anniversary publications prepared by medical societies and medical institutions - are given; the aims and objectives of such publications and the formation of the genre as a whole are considered. Along with the history of medicine for future and already practicing doctors at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, historical subjects also appeared in the literature on health for the people. Popularizing medical knowledge, the authors of pamphlets familiarized the public reader not only with the rules of hygiene and the basics of patient care, but also with doctors and their discoveries.
On the 30th anniversary of higher nursing education at Kazan State Medical University — on bachelor's degree program in nursing
Authors: Morozova O. N. , Radchenko O. R. , Tafeeva E. A. , Shulaev A. V. , Gubaeva L. T.
Published: January 2025

The article presents an overview of publications on higher nursing education in Russia and an analysis of the experience of Kazan State Medical University. In addition, we assessed demand for the faculty and satisfaction with the training and learning process according to student survey data.

The analysis of publications showed that higher nursing education was dictated by the healthcare system reform, the integration of Russia into the European educational and scientific space. There is a high competition at Kazan State Medical University over the past 10 years (7,51±3,3 people per place). The increase in the number of full-time students rationaled the opening of a part-time department. Survey results showed that part-time students with experience in health facilities approach study more consciously than students after school.

A summary of experience on training medical personnel in the higher nursing education program and an analysis of students' opinions on the educational process at Kazan State Medical University made it possible to propose the main ways to improve the education.
Cognitive biases in cardiology practice from the perspective of evolutionary explanation
Authors: Chasovskikh G. A. , Taratukhin E. O.
Published: January 2025

The article examines the impact of cognitive biases on decision-making in cardiology practice and their evolutionary explanations. Cognitive biases are systematic thinking errors that, despite their evolutionary adaptiveness in the phylogeny of humans as a species, can lead to serious mistakes in medical diagnosis, treatment, and patient communication. Research indicates that the influence of cognitive biases can be observed across all medical fields. However, the specific types and manifestations of these biases can vary significantly. In cardiology, physicians are particularly prone to biases such as the availability heuristic, anchoring effect, framing effects, and overconfidence bias. Patients exhibit a heightened vulnerability to the affect heuristic and optimism bias. This study, employing an evolutionary descriptive framework, offers some recommendations for overcoming clinical bias in patient interactions and highlights the potential for practice-oriented research on this topic, especially regarding the cultural and institutional specificities of healthcare in Russia.
Grade retention and academic outcomes: Evidence from Brazil
Authors: Costa Roberta , Cruz Tassia , Sant'Anna André
Published: January 2025

Despite the widespread use of grade retention in Latin American countries, the literature on the effects of this practice on academic outcomes remains inconclusive. This paper, using a comprehensive longitudinal (2012-2017) student-level dataset from Rio de Janeiro, the second-largest municipal basic education system in Brazil, aims to fill this gap. By employing a difference-in-differences approach with student’s fixed effects, we find that grade retention has a positive impact on students’ short-term learning results. These results remain consistent across various robustness checks. Our findings suggest that part of this effect may be attributable to students’ fear of repeating a grade or the support given to those who are close to the threshold of repeating. Moreover, our results indicate that the classroom placement of retained students is not responsible for explaining our effects. This study contributes to the existing literature on grade retention by providing insights into how repeating a grade can lead to improved performance for the students who are held back.
A Sociophilological Account of the Formation and Evolution of the term Língua Geral, with Emphasis on Amazonia
Authors: Finbow Thomas
Published: January 2025

This chapter critically reevaluates the role of structural change in the development of the concept of Língua Geral, as proposed in Rodrigues (1986,1996, 2010; see also EDELWEISS, 1947, 1969; DIETRICH, 2014). In Rodrigues’s model, two languages, Língua Geral Paulista and Língua Geral Amazônica, emerged from the Tupi and Tupinambá languages spoken by bi- or multilingual ‘Mamluks’ (Luso-Amerindian mestizos) over the 16th and 17th centuries.
However, a socio-philological analysis (WRIGHT, 1982, 1991, 1994, 2002) applied to a broad sample of Luso-Brazilian colonial sources, reveals that contemporaries neither attributed a characteristic variety of Língua Geral to the mamluks nor classified Língua Geral diatopically . Moreover, in 18th c. Amazonia, the linguistically non-Tupi-Guarani Tapuia peoples, rather than the Mamluks, were explicitly identified as agents of linguistic change (Daniel, 2004 [1757-1776]); however, no new name emerged. Thus, although language contact and shift undeniably occurred and undoubtedly contributed to structural change, Rodrigues’ hypothesis regarding the Mamluks’ central role in the formation of the Língua Geral cannot be sustained.
We therefore develop a revised trajectory for Língua Geral in which we propose that perceived changes in function rather than observed structural divergence were responsible the shift from using ‘Língua Brasílica’ in 17th c. Jesuit publications to ‘Língua Geral ‘in the 18th c.  Our research highlights the need for a re-assessment of the term Língua Geral, and, in particular, the anachronistic Ausbau of periodizations and varieties on the basis of later perceived structural Abstand (KLOSS, 1967, 1976, 1978)  that do not correspond to contemporary usage.
PRÁTICAS DE SALA DE AULA DE UMA PROFESSORA DOS ANOS INICIAIS EM UMA ESCOLA MONTESSORIANA DURANTE A PANDEMIA: O CASO DA DIVISÃO
Authors: De Paula Ribeiro Caroline , Fernando Carneiro Reginaldo
Published: January 2025

O artigo é resultado de uma dissertação de mestrado elaborada durante a pandemia por uma docente dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental em uma escola montessoriana. Empregando uma abordagem qualitativa, a pesquisa investigou as práticas docente voltadas para o ensino da divisão no contexto das aulas remotas, recurso emergencial para o período vivenciado, utilizando como objeto de estudo a prática da professora com alunos matriculados no 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental em uma escola da rede privada de Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil. Os dados foram produzidos por meio de gravações das aulas e notas de campo da pesquisadora. Os resultados evidenciaram que foram exploradas alternativas para promover o ensino da divisão, embora não tenham sido empregados os mesmos recursos manipuláveis utilizados em escolas montessorianas. Apesar das limitações, foi possível ensinar divisão usando materiais inspirados em Montessori e jogos online, o que permitiu à professora alinhar o conteúdo trabalhado com a pedagogia da escola.
CONSTRUINDO PONTES GERACIONAIS: BENEFÍCIOS E DESAFIOS DA INCLUSÃO DE PESSOAS IDOSAS NA UNIVERSIDADE
Authors: Andrade e Barros Roberta , De Cássia Horta Natália , Di Bella Lídia , De Oliveira Fernandes Maria Teresinha , Martins Ribeiro de Souza Marina Celly , Rodrigues dos Anjos Silva Isabela
Published: January 2025

O envelhecimento da população aponta para a necessidade de as universidades se tornarem espaços de ampla inclusão para as pessoas idosas, seja como estudante, profissional ou participante de projetos, como os de extensão. Diante desse contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo geral sistematizar a produção acadêmica acerca da intergeracionalidade no ambiente universitário. Os objetivos específicos foram: explorar os benefícios e desafios das relações intergeracionais nesse contexto, além de investigar se as práticas adotadas vão ao encontro dos 10 princípios da Rede Global de Universidades Amigas da Pessoa Idosa (Age-Friendly University Global Network). Este estudo caracteriza-se como uma revisão integrativa da literatura, que utilizou o PubMed, o Scopus e a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) como bases de dados, em uma busca conduzida entre setembro e outubro de 2024. Forma utilizados os seguintes critérios de inclusão: artigos científicos com participantes da comunidade acadêmica, que apresentassem relações e práticas intergeracionais e seus efeitos, publicados nos últimos 10 anos. Ao final da busca, foram selecionados 15 artigos. Todas as publicações analisadas elencaram diversos benefícios da intergeracionalidade, sendo que a maioria identificou o idadismo como o principal desafio dessa relação. Dos 10 princípios propostos pela Rede Global de Universidades Amigas da Pessoa Idosa, cinco não foram identificados nas práticas intergeracionais analisadas. A escassez de práticas intergeracionais no contexto universitário, especialmente para além da modalidade de projetos de extensão, apontam para a urgência de iniciativas que incentivem essas ações.
How Wars Impact Public Administration and Street-Level Bureaucracy: Teachers and Education Professionals on the Frontlines of the Russian Occupation in Ukraine
Authors: Ferraro Vicente , Lotta Gabriela , Honchar Mykhailo
Published: January 2025

The role of street-level bureaucrats (SLBs), such as teachers, healthcare workers and police officers, has garnered increasing attention in Public Administration literature. Nonetheless, a subfield of significant theoretical and empirical relevance remains underexplored—their role in wars and conflicts over territorial control. This paper aims to analyze how wars impact the work of SLBs and the strategies they adopt to cope with the adversities of these contexts. For that, we focus on the war in Ukraine, the most intense conflict on European soil since World War II. We address education professionals as an SLB subgroup since schools and universities have become pivotal targets of Russian occupation forces— a cultural frontline instrumental in the efforts to legitimize territorial annexation and assimilate local inhabitants. The analysis is based on a remote ethnography encompassing in-depth interviews with educators who experienced the Russian occupation in southern Ukraine (Kherson region), coupled with content analysis of reports from the media, human rights organizations, and state sources. The paper provides theoretical and empirical contributions by examining a context in which SLBs cope with extreme adversities: risks to life, complex ethical dilemmas and political pressures (disputes for their loyalty), as well as numerous uncertainties related to ruptures in institutional hierarchies, information flows, and sources of material resource. We develop a typology of four strategies (exit, collaborationism, remote adaptation and local defiance) underlying SLBs’ motivations and risks. Our findings may contribute to an emerging research agenda on the role of SLBs in wars and political violence—situations that, unfortunately, have become increasingly frequent across the globe.
Integration of Environmental Potentials for Promoting a Positive Model of Education Open to Diversity. The Context of Academic Tutoring
Authors: Wróblewska Halina Monika
Published: January 2025

The issue addressed in this paper concerns integrating the school’s and academic environments’ potential in favour of a positive education model open to diversity and its promotion through the animation of joint activities. The context is tutoring as a qualitative change and a personalised form of education. The tutoring programme "Student as Researcher, Scientist, and Discoverer" aims to strengthen cooperation between higher education institutions and secondary schools by enabling students to conduct scientific research under the supervision of a tutor – a research and teaching staff member. The synergy of the mutual potential of the secondary school and university educational environments fits into education management, supporting students’ individual development, creating conditions for developing interests, talents, and passions, and promoting their achievements. The implemented project fits into the perspective of Education of Tomorrow – seen as a multifaceted, innovative, and prospective proces.
Diversity in Educational Approaches: Mentoring as a Tool to Support Students Diagnosed with Dyslexia and at Risk of Social Maladjustment
Authors: Kucharczyk Izabella
Published: January 2025

The modern education system faces the challenge of meeting the needs of students with dyslexia and the risk of social maladjustment. Such students often encounter learning difficulties, which can lead to reduced self-esteem, withdrawal from school life, and problems with social adaptation. Mentoring, based on individual relationships, represents a promising support tool, helping to overcome educational barriers, develop social skills, and better understand emotions. This article highlights the importance of mentoring as a form of support for students with dyslexia and the risk of social maladjustment. Mentoring helps build positive self-esteem, develop interpersonal skills, and cope with emotional challenges, which is crucial for young people at risk of social exclusion. Examples of programs demonstrate the positive impact of mentoring on educational outcomes, social integration, and the reduction of emotional problems. Research confirms that long-term mentoring relationships bring lasting benefits, such as increased motivation, higher self-esteem, and better social functioning.
Emotional Dysregulation of Children and Adolescents as a Cause of Exclusion from the School Environment – Possibilities for Counteracting the Phenomenon
Authors: Łukasik Beata
Published: January 2025

Emotional dysregulation, which refers to difficulties in managing, controlling and adequately expressing emotions, is a phenomenon more and more frequently diagnosed among young people disrupting their functioning in many areas, including: interpersonal relationships, everyday activities, but above all education, threatening the phenomenon of exclusion from the school community. However, to prevent this from happening and to ensure that pupils with difficulties in controlling their emotions have equal opportunities for development, appropriate school measures are needed to safeguard their special needs. Some of the possible intervention strategies of the school aimed at creating an optimal environment for the development of a pupil with emotional dysregulation and enabling them to participate fully in the life of the school, but also outside its space have been presented in this article. Among the forms of psychological and pedagogical support dedicated to pupils with emotional dysregulation, the following were mentioned: social skills training, mindfulness, the use of elements of cognitive behavioural therapy and dialectical behavioural therapy, peer mediation and peer tutoring, work on the pupil’s positive self-esteem, as well as establishing cooperation with the child’s family and involving it in the intervention process. As part of the postulates and indications for practice, attention was drawn to the need for appropriate education of teachers and psychologists, with particular emphasison preparing staff in the area of early diagnosis of emotional disorders, which in turn is a key issue for effective intervention and minimising the threat of educational exclusion of the pupil.
My Very Special Book – Bibliotherapy Project that Involves Working with Children with Special Needs. Application Proposal
Authors: Walotek Amelia
Published: January 2025

The article’s primary goal is to present the educational project My Very Special Book, based on the bibliotherapy method, and illustrate the development of social competencies in students with special needs during revalidation classes based on this idea. The article discusses the process of creating a therapeutic story with sixth-grade students in an integrated school based on My Very Special Book project carried out as part of a grant from the "Nowa Era" Publishing House in the Projektanci Edukacji contest. The theoretical foundations, course, assumptions, and method of conducting revalidation classes are analysed, the aim of which is to improve emotional and social competencies. The project involved creating a therapeutic story with students about their difficulties and problems. The project recipients are the students with special needs, difficulties in social functioning, chronic diseases and low self-esteem.
The Dynamism of Character as a Tool for Supporting Teachers in Diverse Educational Environments. The Application of Mazur’s Theory in Inclusive Education
Authors: Ziębacz Izabela
Published: January 2025

This publication discusses Marian Mazur’s Cybernetic Theory of Characterin the context of its application in inclusive education and managing diversity in school classrooms. Modern education faces challenges arising from the increasing diversity of students, which requires adapting teaching methods to meet the individual needs of students with varying predispositions and learning styles. Mazur’s theory, based on the analysis of character dynamism, offers teachers a tool for better understanding the internal decision-making mechanisms of students, which can support more effective management of diverse groups. The paper also presents the results of empirical research conducted in a Youth Educational Center. These studies demonstrated that profiling the dynamism of character is more relevant than assigning a fixed character category in terms of adapting educational processes to the individual predispositions of students.
Perceptions of Educational Managers and Teachers on the Implementation of Inclusive Education in Romanian Schools
Authors: Jurca Andra-Maria , Lustrea Anca , Borca Claudia-Vasilica
Published: January 2025

Inclusive Education (IE), thirty years after the Salamanca Declaration (1994), is still a challenge that requires evidence-based solutions. In Romania, Inclusive Education focuses mainly on integrating students with special educational needs (SEN) into mainstream schools. However, full inclusion has not yet been achieved. Teachers and educational managers are essential in successfully implementing IE in schools. The present study aims to investigate the factors that significantly predict differences between the perceptions of teachers and academic managers regarding IE implementation in Romanian schools. A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, comparative, and correlational design was used for research. One thousand thirty-five participants, including 123 educational managers (inspectors and principals), responded to the Romanian culturally adapted 4th edition of the Index for Inclusion. The results showed that principals perceive schools as more inclusive than teachers. The factors that predict these differences are those related to policies, cultures and practices rather than age, seniority, gender, and environment. A distinct age-related factor concerning inclusive school policies was identified only in the case of younger principals.
Students’ Perception of Learning Environment: As-Is and Should-Be
Authors: Jakimiuk Beata
Published: January 2025

The school environment is most often analyzed from an adult viewpoint. This study shows various aspects of school life from students’ perspectives in actual and preferred terms (teachers’ perceptions have been excluded) and those who experience and face various situations in the school environment. The research was conducted among 1195 elementary school students from 4th to 8th grade. The research tool was the TROFLEI questionnaire (Technology-Rich Outcomes-Focused Learning Environment Inventory). The study has enabled the identification of aspects of everyday school reality that are of utmost importance to the students. The study results suggest a change of teaching methods and styles in Polish schools, dropping the schematic approach and paying attention to student’s personal development and interpersonal relationships among students and teachers. All that constitutes a necessary condition to create a friendly atmosphere at school and determines the successful realization of its function.