bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avanços e desafios do acolhimento na operacionalização e qualificação do Sistema Único de Saúde na Atenção Primária: um resgate da produção bibliográfica do Brasil
Authors: Mitre Sandra Minardi , Andrade Eli Iola Gurgel , Cotta Rosângela Minardi Mitre
Published: August 2012

As políticas públicas adotadas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) têm passado por sucessivas transformações, buscando reafirmar a saúde como direito universal. O acolhimento, diretriz operacional da Política Nacional de Humanização da Atenção e Gestão do SUS (Humaniza SUS), vem ganhando contornos próprios e relevância na atenção primária à saúde (APS) para garantir acesso humanizado e resolubilidade às demandas de saúde dos usuários e das comunidades no Brasil. Realizou-se uma análise crítica da produção bibliográfica, no Brasil, no período de 1989 a 2009, sobre o acolhimento na operacionalização e qualificação do SUS na APS. As bases de dados consultadas foram SciELO, Lilacs e Medline. Os resultados apontaram avanços na ampliação do acesso aos serviços da APS e profissionais de saúde mais sensíveis às necessidades dos usuários e comunidades. A ausência de articulação em redes integradas, o excesso de demanda, o modelo biomédico hegemônico, a ausência de capacitação e de espaços democráticos e reflexivos para reorganizar o processo de trabalho em saúde têm colocado em questão, de modo cada vez mais incisivo, a potencialidade desta diretriz na operacionalização e qualificação do SUS.
Condições de saúde e nível de atividade física em idosos participantes e não participantes de grupos de convivência de Florianópolis
Authors: Benedetti Tânia Rosane Bertoldo , Mazo Giovana Zarpellon , Borges Lucélia Justino
Published: August 2012

Objetivou-se verificar a associação entre condições de saúde e nível de atividade física em idosos participantes e não participantes de grupos de convivência de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. A amostra foi constituída de 1.062 idosos (625 mulheres), com média de idade de 71,9 anos (±7,6). Foram analisadas as variáveis sociodemográficas (sexo, idade, escolaridade e estado civil), nível de atividade física (International Physical Activity Questionaire) e saúde física (Questionário Brazil Older Aging Schedule). Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva e teste Qui-quadrado. Os resultados demonstraram que 60,6% dos idosos foram classificados como ativos fisicamente. A presença de doenças foi relatada por 74% dos idosos, sendo que os participantes de grupos de convivência (GP) apresentaram maior prevalência que o grupo não participante (GNP). Porém, mesmo com maior prevalência de doença, os idosos do GP apresentaram percepção positiva do estado de saúde. Para as mulheres, a participação em grupos de convivência associou-se positivamente com percepção do estado de saúde (p < 0,001) e com presença de doença (p = 0,005). Conclui-se que a participação nos grupos de convivência contribui para a melhor percepção do estado de saúde e para a manutenção de níveis adequados de atividade física.
Exercício físico para prevenção de quedas: ensaio clínico com idosos institucionalizados em Goiânia, Brasil
Authors: Sá Ana Claudia Antonio Maranhão , Bachion Maria Márcia , Menezes Ruth Losada de
Published: August 2012

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar um programa de intervenção com exercícios físicos em grupo na prevenção de quedas em idosos residentes em instituições de longa permanência. Trata-se de um ensaio clínico não randomizado realizado com 20 idosos institucionalizados na cidade de Goiânia, Brasil. As intervenções ocorreram durante cinco meses, sendo que o programa de exercícios proposto foi baseado em estudos anteriores. Medidas padronizadas foram utilizadas para avaliar quedas, equilíbrio e marcha, força muscular, flexibilidade e medo de quedas. A partir do período de 12 meses do início da intervenção houve redução significativa no número de quedas (p = 0,046). A partir do programa foram observadas diferenças significantes para pontuação das manobras de equilíbrio (p = 0,001), pontuação total das manobras de equilíbrio e marcha (p = 0,007), força muscular de preensão palmar (p = 0,001) e de membros inferiores (p < 0,001), flexibilidade do movimento de flexão dos ombros (p = 0,001). A intervenção realizada mediante um programa de exercícios mostrou-se adequada, porém, não suficiente para melhorar a marcha, flexibilidade multiarticular da coluna e quadril e medo de quedas, bem como para reduzir o número de idosos que sofreram quedas a partir do início do estudo.
Avaliação dos fatores de risco laborais e físicos para doenças cardiovasculares em motoristas de transporte urbano de ônibus em Montes Claros (MG)
Authors: Alquimim Andréia Farias , Barral Ana Beatris Cezar Rodrigues , Gomes Kênnya Caroline , Rezende Mayra Costa de
Published: August 2012

Este estudo buscou avaliar os fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares em motoristas de ônibus em Montes Claros (MG). Foi empregado um questionário semiestruturado abordando dados pessoais, antropométricos, profissionais e laborais; e outro referente ao grau de estresse. Foram pesquisados 53 motoristas de ônibus e a média de idade foi de 30 a 39 anos, e dessa população, 81,1% diziam não ser fumantes, 58% não consumiam bebida alcoólica e 50% praticavam algum tipo de exercício. Na avaliação do IMC 40 motoristas (75,4%) estavam com excesso de peso. A prevalência dos hábitos alimentares foi de excesso consumo de açúcar (66,0%), de gordura (64,2%), de café (69,8%), de sal (60,4%), de Coca Cola (64,2%) e de refrigerante (54,7%). Dentre os relatos de doenças crônicas não foram observados motoristas diabéticos (98,1%) e nem hipertensos (94,3%). A maioria da amostragem, 69,7% teve nível de estresse normal. Em relação aos dados laboratoriais, a grande maioria dos motoristas apresentou hipertrigliceridemia e hipercolesterolemia. Os níveis de HDL estavam satisfatórios, e o de LDL apresentou nível normal e desejável em mais da metade da amostra. A prevalência para doença cardiovascular mostrou-se baixa.
Programa Bolsa Família: a interface entre a atuação profissional e o direito humano a alimentação adequada
Authors: Ramos Camila Irigonhé , Cuervo Maria Rita Macedo
Published: August 2012

O Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada deve ser garantido através de políticas públicas de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN). Nesse contexto está inserido o Programa Bolsa Família (PBF), que, além da transferência de renda, visa a garantia de acesso aos direitos sociais básicos. Este estudo objetiva analisar a operacionalização do PBF e, consequentemente, o entendimento dos profissionais de saúde a respeito do programa, enquanto eixo estruturante da política pública de SAN. Para isso, realizou-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com trabalhadores da atenção primária, envolvidos diretamente, tanto com o PBF, quanto com as famílias que recebem este beneficio. Ao final do estudo, foi possível evidenciar a importância da formação dos profissionais que atuam nessa área, pois, ao desconectar a realidade social em que os beneficiários estão inseridos, dos objetivos do programa, colabora-se para a simples mecanização dessas práticas. Nesse sentido, aponta-se que os profissionais de saúde precisam entender as proposições do programa como estratégias político-sociais, as quais, para além do alívio imediato, visam a superação dos problemas relacionados à pobreza e à fome.
Violência contra idosos no ambiente doméstico: prevalência e fatores associados (Recife/PE)
Authors: Duque Andrezza Marques , Leal Márcia Carrera Campos , Marques Ana Paula de Oliveira , Eskinazi Fernanda Maria Vieira , Duque Amanda Marques
Published: August 2012

Este artigo teve como objetivo de determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados à violência doméstica contra pessoas idosas. Estudo de corte transversal com 274 sujeitos, com 60 anos ou mais, de ambos os sexos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas nos domicílios ou nas USF a partir de roteiro estruturado em três blocos: questionário com informações biodemográficas e sociodemográficas; duas escalas de avaliação e; instrumento para identificação de violência. Entre os entrevistados, 20,8% relataram ter sofrido pelo menos um dos tipos de violência em seu ambiente doméstico. Observou-se associação entre os que moravam com um número maior de indivíduos, entre as mulheres e idosos dependentes para as atividades instrumentais da vida diária. Após o modelo de regressão logística, apenas as variáveis sexo e arranjo familiar mostraram-se associadas significativamente, havendo evidência de maior ocorrência entre os que coabitavam com seis ou mais moradores e as mulheres. Estes achados evidenciam a magnitude e gravidade do problema e alerta para a necessidade de ações no combate à violência contra a pessoa idosa.
Posição do verbo no português clássico: evidências de um sistema V2
Authors: Antonelli André Luis
Published: August 2012

Dentro do quadro teórico da Gramática Gerativa, um dos aspectos mais discutidos a respeito da evolução gramatical das línguas românicas é a sintaxe de posição do verbo. Em particular, muito se tem debatido se essas línguas, em estágios passados, manifestavam movimento do verbo para a periferia da sentença à semelhança de línguas V2 como o Alemão (ADAMS, 1987; BENINCÀ, 1984; ROBERTS, 1993; FONTANA, 1993; RIBEIRO, 1995; SALVI, 2004). Neste artigo, discutiremos a questão da sintaxe de posição do verbo em textos do Português Clássico, um período intermediário entre o Português Antigo e o Português Europeu Moderno. A partir de uma investigação em dois textos do século XVII, tomados aqui como representativos da gramática do Português Clássico, o objetivo central é mostrar que o Português dessa fase pode ser caracterizado como um sistema gramatical que instanciava de maneira sistemática movimento do verbo para C0, evidenciando, portanto, a natureza V2 dessa gramática ao menos no que concerne à sintaxe de posição do verbo.
Padrões estatísticos do encaixamento da mudança de se-passivo a se-indefinido na história do português
Authors: Cavalcante Silvia Regina de Oliveira
Published: August 2012

Este trabalho traz uma análise das construções tradicionalmente classificadas como passivas sintéticas, em comparação com construções passivas analíticas e outras construções com SE (inerente, reflexivo, recíproco, etc.) em textos de autores portugueses nascidos entre os séculos XVI e XIX. O objetivo principal é mostrar, através da comparação do padrão de ordem dos "sujeitos" dessas construções, a evolução da mudança linguística que afetou a posição do sujeito e pode ter afetado as construções passivas sintéticas. Segundo Galves e Paixão de Sousa (2005, 2010), o Português Clássico (séculos XVI e XVII) caracteriza-se por ser uma gramática em que a posição à esquerda do verbo é uma posição para onde se movem os constituintes topicalizados, incluindo aí os sujeitos; assim, a posição de base do sujeito é a pós-verbal. A partir do século XVIII, ocorre uma mudança em que a posição do sujeito passa a ser a pré-verbal e os elementos topicalizados ocupam a periferia à esquerda. Com base nesse quadro, este trabalho demonstra através da análise quantitativa da evolução dessas três construções ao longo do tempo que a mudança que ocorre nas construções com SE - de passivo a indefinido - pode ter sido desencadeada pela mudança na posição do sujeito.
A multifuncionalidade do advérbio "realmente" na língua portuguesa sob a perspectiva da gramaticalização de construções
Authors: Lacerda Patrícia Fabiane Amaral da Cunha
Published: August 2012

Adotando a perspectiva da gramaticalização de construções (TRAUGOTT, 2003, 2009), realizamos, neste trabalho, a análise da multifuncionalidade do advérbio "realmente" na língua portuguesa, buscando instanciar seus diferentes usos e definir de que maneira seria estabelecida sua rede construcional. A partir de uma pesquisa pancrônica, que considerou corpora compreendidos entre o século XIII e o português contemporâneo, demonstramos como a multifuncionalidade de "realmente" revela um cline de gramaticalização, em que se observa uma ampliação de sua frequência de uso em contextos reconhecidamente mais subjetivos. Consideramos, portanto, que a gramaticalização pode ser concebida como um processo através do qual as construções - que primeiro expressam significados concretos/lexicais/objetivos - passariam, a partir da reiteração de seu padrão de uso, a indicar funções abstratas/pragmáticas/interpessoais baseadas na crença dos falantes (TRAUGOTT, 1995, 2010; TRAUGOTT; DASHER, 2005). Os resultados obtidos apontam, nesse sentido, que o advérbio "realmente" atuaria como um marcador epistêmico de evidência factual e subjetiva, gramaticalizando-se do factual para o subjetivo.
Refletindo sobre a Provinha Brasil a partir das dimensões sociocultural, linguística e cognitiva da leitura
Authors: Cristofolini Carla
Published: August 2012

Este artigo propõe-se a interpretar como a leitura, em suas dimensões sociocultural, linguística e cognitiva (CERUTTI-RIZZATTI, 2009), está contemplada na avaliação nacional padronizada da alfabetização, a Provinha Brasil, em sua primeira edição do ano de 2009. Para tanto, são traçadas algumas reflexões a partir de documentos norteadores da ação pedagógica tanto federais (BRASIL, 2007) quanto municipais (SECRETARIA MUNICIPAL DE EDUCAÇÃO, 2000, 2007), dos Guias que acompanham o kit da Provinha e dos resultados obtidos nessa avaliação por cinco turmas de 2º ano de uma escola pública, municipal, da grande Florianópolis. As questões da Provinha foram classificadas em dois grandes grupos (questões focadas nas habilidades de decodificação e aquelas envolvendo textualização) e são discutidas individualmente, aliando discussão teórica (conceitos pertinentes à alfabetização e letramento) com os resultados apresentados pelos alunos. Como principal conclusão, observa-se que essa edição da Provinha Brasil foca principalmente as dimensões linguística e cognitiva da leitura, em detrimento da dimensão sociocultural.
A gramática de Damourette e Pichon com Lacan: uma problemática da enunciação
Authors: Machado Bruno Focas Vieira
Published: August 2012

Esse artigo pretende evidenciar a importância específica conferida à gramática Des mots à la pensée: essai de grammaire de la langue française, de Damourette e Pichon (1943) para se pensar as bases lógicas do conceito de enunciação. Para cumprir esse objetivo, coloca-se a obra dos gramáticos em diálogo com elaborações da psicanálise, mais especificamente com conceitos de Jacques Lacan (2007). Busca-se, assim, uma interface entre os campos da linguística e da psicanálise, debruçando-se sobre a dicotomia existente entre os conceitos de sujeito da enunciação e sujeito do inconsciente. A abordagem tecida é eminentemente teórica, confrontando conceitos de cada pensador e buscando compreender os seus respectivos pontos de interseção. Para atingir esse objetivo, buscou-se o estudo sobre a negação em língua francesa elaborada pelos gramáticos Damourette e Pichon (1930) e colocou-a em relação com a dicotomia enunciado-enunciação construída por Lacan (2005) principalmente no Seminário 6: o desejo e sua interpretação. Como conclusão, torna-se claro como a gramática é inevitavelmente atravessada pela subjetividade e pelos fenômenos enunciativos.
Educando para a diversidade: desafiando a moral sexual e construindo estratégias de combate à discriminação no cotidiano escolar
Authors: Nardi Henrique Caetano , Quartiero Eliana
Published: August 2012

Este artigo traz uma reflexão crítica sobre o projeto de formação "Educando para a Diversidade" realizado pela ONG Nuances, na cidade de Porto Alegre, financiado pelo governo federal no quadro de ações do programa "Brasil sem Homofobia". Os procedimentos de pesquisa que sustentam este texto foram: observação participante, entrevistas individuais, grupos de reflexão e análise documental. O objetivo foi compreender como se instalam os debates sobre a diversidade sexual no cotidiano escolar. Este trabalho indica que a ruptura com a visibilidade abjeta que é reservada às/aos jovens e professores/as não heterossexuais ou que se desviam da conformidade de gênero e a construção de uma visibilidade ética-cidadã demandam esforço e trabalho contínuo. É a legitimidade da discussão acerca da sexualidade que está em questão. A possibilidade de ampliar o efeito das ações passaria pela criação de um centro de suporte e acompanhamento para as iniciativas das/os educadoras/es que realizaram a formação.
Prostituição feminina e direitos sexuais... diálogos possíveis?
Authors: Olivar José Miguel Nieto
Published: August 2012

A partir de uma experiência de pesquisa e de militância, este artigo reflete sobre as mútuas implicações da relação possível entre prostituição feminina e direitos sexuais como campos políticos. A reflexão está baseada no contexto brasileiro da primeira década do século XXI. O texto está estruturado a partir de cenas que oferecem a sustentação empírica para três intrigas. A primeira trata das linhas de força que orientam a relação dos movimentos brasileiros de prostitutas com os direitos sexuais. A segunda nos levará ao campo do advocacy de direitos, e a terceira atenta para a experiência de mulheres prostitutas em contraste com os discursos hegemônicos sobre direitos sexuais. Sugiro uma análise de usos, de criações. Uma análise que não conclui com uma verdade estatal sobre a pergunta, mas com outras perguntas, desdobramentos e sugestões de continuidade para o trabalho.
Calibration of water quality index (WQI) based on Resolution nº 357/2005 of the Environment National Council (CONAMA)
Authors: Moretto Daiane Lautert , Panta Ruben Edgardo , Costa Adilson Ben da , Lobo Eduardo Alexis
Published: August 2012

Environmental monitoring studies in the Hydrographical Basin of Pardo River, RS, Brazil, in the time series from 2007 to 2009, showed no agreement between the water quality evaluation obtained through the Water Quality Index (WQI - NSF), which ranged from "regular" to "good", and the Environment National Council (CONAMA) Resolution 357/2005, which was bad ("class 4"), highlighting as critical variables for this classification the thermotolerant coliforms and the phosphate concentration, indicating process of water eutrophication, related to the large amount of nutrients and organic load from domestic sewage and excess fertilizers used in agriculture. AIM: This research aimed to calibrate the WQI - NSF for the Pardo River Basin, based on the CONAMA Resolution 357/2005. METHODS: Using the database (2007 a 2009) from the Laboratory of Limnology of the University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), RS, corresponding to the environmental monitoring studies realized in the Hydrographical Basin of Pardo River new weights of the relative importance of the variables used to calculate the WQI were attributed, by means of principal component analysis. RESULTS: There was a significant agreement between the results of the assessment of water quality using the CONAMA Resolution 357/2005 and the new WQI calibrated. CONCLUSION: The results certify the use of the calibrated WQI in environmental monitoring programs in lotic systems belonging to Guaíba Hydrographical Basin, RS.
Benchmark Study: III. Survey on Changing Herbicide Use Patterns in Glyphosate-Resistant Cropping Systems
Authors: Prince Joby M. , Shaw David R. , Givens Wade A. , Newman Michael E. , Owen Micheal D. K. , Weller Stephen C. , Young Bryan G. , Wilson Robert G. , Jordan David L.
Published: August 2012

Approximately 1,300 growers from 22 states were surveyed during 2010 to determine herbicide use. Cropping systems included continuous glyphosate-resistant corn, cotton, and soybean, and various combinations of these crops and rotations with non–glyphosate-resistant crops. The most commonly used herbicide for both fall and spring applications was glyphosate followed by synthetic auxin herbicides. Herbicide application in spring was favored over application in the fall. The percentage of growers in a glyphosate-only system was as high as 69% for some cropping systems. Excluding glyphosate, the most frequently used herbicides included photosystem II, mitotic, and protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors. A higher percentage of growers integrated herbicides other than glyphosate during 2010 compared with 2005. Extensive educational efforts have promoted resistance management by increasing the diversity of herbicides in glyphosate-resistant cropping systems. However, a considerable percentage of growers continued use of only glyphosate from the period of 2005 to 2010, and this practice most likely will continue to exert a high level of selection for evolved glyphosate-resistant weed species.
Benchmark Study: IV. Survey of Grower Practices for Managing Glyphosate-Resistant Weed Populations
Authors: Prince Joby M. , Shaw David R. , Givens Wade A. , Owen Micheal D. K. , Weller Stephen C. , Young Bryan G. , Wilson Robert G. , Jordan David L.
Published: August 2012

In 2010, a grower survey was administered to 1,299 growers in 22 states to determine changes in weed management in the United States from 2006 to 2009. The majority of growers had not changed weed management practices in the previous 3 yr; however, 75% reported using weed management practices targeted at glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds. Growers were asked to rate their efforts at controlling GR weeds and rate the effectiveness of various practices for controlling/preventing GR weeds regardless of whether they were personally using them. Using the herbicide labeled rate, scouting fields, and rotating crops were among the practices considered by growers as most effective in managing GR weeds. Sixty-seven percent of growers reported effective management of GR weeds. Between the 2005 and 2010 Benchmark surveys, the frequency of growers using specific actions to manage GR weeds increased markedly. Although the relative effectiveness of practices, as perceived by growers, remained the same, the effectiveness rating of tillage and the use of residual and POST herbicides increased.
Estimation of Dose–Response Models for Discrete and Continuous Data in Weed Science
Authors: Price William J. , Shafii Bahman , Seefeldt Steven S.
Published: August 2012

Dose–response analysis is widely used in biological sciences and has application to a variety of risk assessment, bioassay, and calibration problems. In weed science, dose–response methodologies have typically relied on least squares estimation under the assumptions of normal, homoscedastic, and independent errors. Advances in computational abilities and available software, however, have given researchers more flexibility and choices for data analysis when these assumptions are not appropriate. This article will explore these techniques and demonstrate their use to provide researchers with an up-to-date set of tools necessary for analysis of dose–response problems. Demonstrations of the techniques are provided using a variety of data examples from weed science.
Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Corn (Zea mays) with Glufosinate or Imazethapyr plus Imazapyr in a Replant Situation
Authors: Shauck Tye C. , Smeda Reid J.
Published: August 2012

Undesirable stands of hybrid corn often result in a decision to replant; removal of the initial corn is recommended to reduce competition for available resources. Because much of the hybrid corn is glyphosate-resistant (GR), the particular herbicide and timing for control is challenging. No-till field trials were established in central and northeast Missouri in 2009 and 2010 to determine the efficacy of glufosinate POST in glufosinate-resistant corn or imazethapyr plus imazapyr POST in imidazolinone-resistant corn for the control of GR corn. Separate blocks of glufosinate-resistant and imidazolinone-resistant corn were planted in 76 cm rows, with GR corn established between rows at densities of 1 (low) and 4 (high) plants m−2. Herbicides were broadcast at corn heights of 10, 20, and 40 cm. Visual estimates of control rated 5 wk after treatment were highest for the 20 cm application height, ranging from 81 to 84% and 72 to 79% with glufosinate or imazethapyr plus imazapyr, respectively. Control was unacceptable at 10 and 40 cm, ranging from 26 to 62% and 24 to 83%. Dry weights per plant indicated that applications at all heights reduced GR corn biomass a minimum of 94 and 82% with glufosinate or imazethapyr plus imazapyr, respectively. Although control of GR corn with single applications of glufosinate and imazethapyr plus imazapyr was unacceptable for two of three application heights, reductions in corn biomass indicate applications were effective.
Weed Suppression Potential of ‘Rondo’ and Other Indica Rice Germplasm Lines
Authors: Gealy David R. , Yan WenGui
Published: August 2012

Research was conducted to evaluate the weed suppression potential of ‘Rondo’ (4484-1693; PI 657830), a sister line (4484-1665), and other indica rice lines against barnyardgrass in field plots in Stuttgart, AR, using minimal herbicide inputs in two separate 3-yr experiments. Under weed pressure, Rondo and the sister line (4484-1665) generally produced yields that were comparable to those of weed-suppressive indica standards and approximately 50% greater than those of the least-suppressive commercial cultivars, such as ‘Kaybonnet’, ‘Katy’, and ‘Lemont’. Rice yield under weed pressure was correlated with weed-free yield and harvest height. Indica lines tended to produce more tillers than did the commercial cultivars. Tillering potential under weed-free conditions was not correlated with weed suppression or yield loss; however, tillering under weed pressure was strongly correlated with weed suppression and biomass, and yield and yield loss under the weed densities in these experiments. Rondo is presently being used for commercial organic rice production in Texas, in part due to its high yield potential and ability to suppress or tolerate rice pests, including weeds. Our results suggest that the weed-suppressive ability of Rondo and the other indica lines evaluated in these experiments is superior to that of many commercial cultivars.
Incidence of Herbicide Resistance in Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) across Southeastern Australia
Authors: Boutsalis Peter , Gill Gurjeet S. , Preston Christopher
Published: August 2012

Herbicide resistance in rigid ryegrass is an escalating problem in grain-cropping fields of southeastern Australia due to increased reliance on herbicides as the main method for weed control. Weed surveys were conducted between 1998 and 2009 to identify the extent of herbicide-resistant rigid ryegrass across this region to dinitroaniline, and acetolactate synthase- and acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase-inhibiting herbicides. Rigid ryegrass was collected from cropped fields chosen at random. Outdoor pot studies were conducted during the normal winter growing season for rigid ryegrass with PRE-applied trifluralin and POST-applied diclofop-methyl, chlorsulfuron, tralkoxydim, pinoxaden, and clethodim. Herbicide resistance to trifluralin in rigid ryegrass was identified in one-third of the fields surveyed from South Australia, whereas less than 5% of fields in Victoria exhibited resistance. In contrast, resistance to chlorsulfuron was detected in at least half of the cropped fields across southeastern Australia. Resistance to the cereal-selective aryloxyphenoxypropionate-inhibiting herbicides diclofop-methyl, tralkoxydim, and pinoxaden ranged between 30 and 60% in most regions, whereas in marginal cropping areas less than 12% of fields exhibited resistance. Resistance to clethodim varied between 0 and 61%. Higher levels of resistance to clethodim were identified in the more intensively cropped, higher-rainfall districts where pulse and canola crops are common. These weed surveys demonstrated that a high incidence of resistance to most tested herbicides was present in rigid ryegrass from cropped fields in southeastern Australia, which presents a major challenge for crop producers.
Benchmark Study: I. Introduction, Weed Population, and Management Trends from the Benchmark Survey 2010
Authors: Prince Joby M. , Shaw David R. , Givens Wade A. , Owen Micheal D. K. , Weller Stephen C. , Young Bryan G. , Wilson Robert G. , Jordan David L.
Published: August 2012

Almost 1,650 corn, cotton, and soybean growers in 22 states participated in a 2010 telephone survey to determine their attitudes with regard to which weed species were most problematic in glyphosate-resistant (GR) crop production systems for corn, cotton, and soybean. The survey is a follow-up to a previous 2005 to 2006 survey that utilized a smaller set of growers from fewer states. In general, growers continued to estimate weed populations as low and few challenges have been created following adoption of GR cropping systems. Pigweed and foxtail species were dominant overall, whereas other species were more commodity and state specific. Corn, cotton, and soybean growers cited velvetleaf, annual morningglory, and waterhemp, respectively, as predominant weeds. Growers in the South region were more likely to report pigweed and waterhemp (Amaranthus spp.), whereas growers in the East and West reported horseweed. When growers were asked with which GR weeds they had experienced personally, horseweed was reported in all regions, but growers in the South more frequently reported pigweed, whereas growers in the East and West regions more frequently reported waterhemp. Comparisons with the previous 2005 survey indicated that more growers believed they were experiencing GR weeds and were more aware of specific examples in their state. In particular, the Amaranthus complex was of greatest concern in continuously cropped soybean and cotton.
Leaching of Indaziflam Compared with Residual Herbicides Commonly Used in Florida Citrus
Authors: Jhala Amit J. , Singh Megh
Published: August 2012

Soil-applied herbicides are commonly used for broad-spectrum residual weed control in Florida citrus. Groundwater contamination from some soil-applied herbicides has been reported in citrus growing areas in Florida. Indaziflam is a new soil-applied herbicide recently registered for broad-spectrum weed control in Florida citrus. There is no information available on leaching behavior of indaziflam in sandy soil. Experiments were conducted to compare leaching of indaziflam with five commercially used residual herbicides in a Florida Candler soil under simulated rainfall of 5 or 15 cm ha−1. Herbicide movement down soil columns was measured by visually evaluating injury and harvesting aboveground biomass of the bioassay species annual ryegrass. Ryegrass was not injured and plant biomass was not affected beyond 30 cm when indaziflam at a recommended rate of 73 g ai ha−1was leached through the soil column. Leaching of indaziflam increased with increasing amounts of rainfall. For example, indaziflam leached up to 12.2 ± 0.8 cm (values are expressed ± SD) and 27.2 ± 2.6 cm at 5 and 15 cm ha−1rainfall, respectively. The herbicide ranking from high to low mobility at 15 cm ha−1of rainfall was bromacil = norflurazon > indaziflam > simazine = pendimethalin > diuron. Overall results suggested that indaziflam leaching was limited in Florida Candler soil in this study; however, field experiments are required to confirm the leaching of indaziflam under natural rainfall situation.
Broadleaf Weed Control with Sulfonylurea Herbicides in Cool-Season Turfgrass
Authors: Derr Jeffrey F.
Published: August 2012

Broadleaf weeds are common and troublesome pests in cool-season turfgrass species such as tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, and creeping bentgrass. Broadleaf weeds are primarily managed in these grasses through POST applications of growth regulator herbicides in the phenoxy, benzoic acid, and pyridine chemical classes. There are disadvantages to use of these chemicals, including nontarget plant damage and limited residual control. Certain annual broadleaf weeds can be controlled through application of isoxaben or a PRE crabgrass herbicide, but these herbicides do not control emerged broadleaf weeds. There are advantages to use of sulfonylurea herbicides, including PRE and POST control of annual and perennial weeds, a different mode of action, and these herbicides have low vapor pressure, reducing the potential for offsite movement. There are disadvantages to the use of sulfonylurea herbicides, including limited spectrum of broadleaf weed species controlled and limited tolerance in cool-season turfgrass species. The primary sulfonylurea herbicides used in cool-season turfgrass are chlorsulfuron, halosulfuron, metsulfuron, and sulfosulfuron. There have been specialized uses for primisulfuron and tribenuron-methyl.
Possible Causes of Dry Pea Synergy to Corn
Authors: Anderson Randy L.
Published: August 2012

Dry pea improves corn yield and tolerance to weed interference compared with soybean, spring wheat, or canola as preceding crops. To understand this synergy between dry pea and corn, growth and nutrient concentration of corn were examined following dry pea or soybean in sequence. Each corn plot was split into weed-free and weed-infested subplots, with foxtail millet established at one density to provide uniform weed interference. Compared with soybean, dry pea improved corn grain yield 10% in weed-free conditions and corn tolerance to weed interference more than twofold. Dry pea synergy to corn in weed-free conditions was not related to differences in corn development, height, or nutrient status of corn seedlings. When foxtail millet was present, dry pea increased corn height and rate of development late in the growing season compared with soybean. Improved corn tolerance to weed interference was not related to seedling emergence or growth of foxtail millet, as these parameters did not vary with preceding crop. Other biological factors must be involved in dry pea synergy to corn.
Growth of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) in Response to Interference with Direct-Seeded Rice
Authors: Chauhan Bhagirath S. , Opeña Jhoana
Published: August 2012

The biology of purple nutsedge was studied by growing it alone and in competition with 12 and 24 rice plants in a pot experiment. Compared with the weedy plants grown alone, competition from rice reduced purple nutsedge leaf number, shoot number, tuber production rate, and leaf biomass. At 10 wk after planting, interference from 12 and 24 rice plants reduced purple nutsedge leaf area by 79 and 86%, respectively, compared with weedy plants grown without rice interference. On the same date, purple nutsedge aboveground shoot biomass was 26.8 g plant−1without interference, whereas in interference with 12 and 24 rice plants, purple nutsedge produced aboveground biomass of 4.8 and 2.2 g plant−1, respectively. A total of 95 tubers plant−1were produced by purple nutsedge when grown alone. Growth with 12 and 24 rice plants reduced tuber production to 33 and 17 tubers plant−1, respectively. Without interference, purple nutsedge produced 40 g plant−1of total biomass of tuber plus root plus rhizome, whereas in interference with 12 and 24 rice plants, purple nutsedge produced 14 and 5 g plant−1of total belowground biomass, respectively.
Estimation of vegetation porosity in vegetated waterways
Authors: Montakhab Amir , bt.Yusuf Badronnisa , Ghazali Abdul Halim , Mohamed Thamer Ahmed
Published: August 2012

Vegetation porosity in a vegetated channel has been identified as the main parameter that contributes to the flow behaviour and resistance in the channel. Estimation of vegetation porosity is quite a challenging task due to the diverse characteristics of vegetation. In this study, several porosity measurement methods based on vegetation frontal area and vegetation volume were used to estimate the porosity of vegetation (Lepironia articulata) in a laboratory flume for various flow and vegetation characteristics. Digital image analysis was one of the methods used to estimate porosity. The study also involved measurements of velocity using a three-dimensional acoustic Doppler velocimeter and flow depths at different spatial locations along the flume. The volumetric method for porosity measurement, which considers the fraction of the actual volume of the vegetation to the volume of water, is considered more practical and accurate than the other methods that were studied. The results of this study indicate that, by assuming vegetation to be cylindrical in shape and considering only the frontal area of the most upstream vegetation, porosity could be underestimated by 14%. Digital image analysis gave a difference of only 5%. From the laboratory data, correlations between the mean velocity, water depth and vegetation porosity were established. It was observed that by reducing the vegetation porosity by 8%, the velocity could reduce by between 35–60% depending on flow rate.
Evidence-Based Mentoring Across the Educational Spectrum: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Block-Lerner Jennifer
Published: August 2012

Mentoring across educational and training programs that prepare behavioral health care providers and related professionals is a critical topic and one that has been relatively neglected empirically. Articles in this special issue summarize extant literature on mentoring across several levels and contexts: undergraduate education, master’s level training, doctoral training (both PhD and PsyD), and internship and postdoctoral training. This introductory paper provides an overview of each contribution to the special issue, discusses the intended audience, and presents the issue as part of what should be an ongoing dialogue about best practices in mentoring. Overall, the special issue aims to raise and begin to address a number of significant questions related to where we are going as a field, who is equipped to move us in that direction, and how to mentor the next generations of those who will serve a variety of “clients.”
Unique Roles for Students in Practitioner-Focused Doctoral Programs: Mentoring Practices for an Evolving Landscape
Authors: Block-Lerner Jennifer , McClure Kelly S. , Gardner Frank L. , Wolanin Andrew T.
Published: August 2012

Studies suggest that training that culminates in the doctor of psychology (PsyD) degree is characterized by heterogeneity. However, elements of most of these practitioner-focused doctoral programs (e.g., larger class sizes, shorter periods of training, less funding for students), as well as the widely varying professional outcomes that they lead to, offer unique challenges and opportunities regarding mentoring. This article aims to (a) trace the development and current status of controversies surrounding the PsyD model; (b) determine the unique roles in which graduates of well-designed and scientifically grounded PsyD programs may be equipped to serve; and (c) drawing on the (limited) extant literature, offer recommendations for mentoring and other elements of training for these practitioner-focused programs. Finally, we offer suggestions for future empirical studies to shed light on the relative value of various training practices.
Supervision and Mentoring of Clinical Psychology Predoctoral Interns and Postdoctoral Residents
Authors: Sanders Kathryn A. , Steinberg Howard R.
Published: August 2012

In this special issue, we are discussing issues related to evidence-based mentoring across types of training program. We have been asked to focus on topics related to such training at the predoctoral internship and postdoctoral residency levels. At these levels, mentoring primarily takes place in the context of clinical supervision, although it involves many other roles and responsibilities. We begin by placing our discussion in historical context and outlining previous research in supervision at the internship and postdoctoral levels as well as the barriers to the empirical study of supervision and its outcomes. We then describe the training settings in which we work and our approach to the practice and measurement of supervision at our site. In the absence of a body of empirical literature, we have attempted to implement a trainee-focused model of supervision that seems to fit with the overall structure and flow of our training site. We conclude with a call to the training community to advance efforts in the area of empirical investigation of our work to provide high quality supervision to our psychology trainees.
Do Cognitive Reappraisal and Diaphragmatic Breathing Augment Interoceptive Exposure for Anxiety Sensitivity?
Authors: Deacon Brett J. , Lickel James J. , Possis Elizabeth A. , Abramowitz Jonathan S. , Mahaffey Brittain , Wolitzky-Taylor Kate
Published: August 2012

Interoceptive exposure (IE) is an effective procedure for reducing anxiety sensitivity (AS) and the symptoms of panic disorder. However, considerable variance exists in how IE is delivered among clinicians, and the extent to which IE is enhanced by the concurrent use of cognitive reappraisal (CR) and diaphragmatic breathing (DB) is unclear. Participants (N = 58) with high AS were randomly assigned to one of four single-session interventions: (a) IE only, (b) IE 1 CR, (c) IE 1 CR 1 DB, or (d) expressive writing control. IE was superior to expressive writing in reducing AS and associated anxiety symptoms. The addition of CR and DB did not enhance the benefits of IE at either posttreatment or 1-week follow-up. These findings highlight the specific efficacy of IE in reducing AS and call into question the common practice of combining IE with cognitive and breathing strategies. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
Mechanisms of Change in Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction: Self-Compassion and Mindfulness as Mediators of Intervention Outcomes
Authors: Keng Shian-Ling , Smoski Moria J. , Robins Clive J. , Ekblad Andrew G. , Brantley Jeffrey G.
Published: August 2012

Research has demonstrated support for the efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) in alleviating psychological distress and symptoms. Less is known, however, about the mechanisms through which MBSR achieves its outcomes. This study examined mindfulness and self-compassion as potential mediators of MBSR’s effects on several processes and behaviors related to emotion regulation, using data from a randomized trial of MBSR versus waitlist (WL), in which MBSR participants demonstrated significantly greater improvements in worry, fear of emotion, difficulties in emotion regulation, suppression of anger, and aggressive anger expression. Mediation analysis using bootstrap resampling indicated that increases in self-compassion mediated MBSR’s effects on worry, controlling for change in mindfulness. Increases in mindfulness mediated the intervention’s effects on difficulties in emotion regulation, controlling for change in self-compassion. Both variables mediated MBSR’s effects on fear of emotion. These findings highlight the importance of mindfulness and self-compassion as key processes of change that underlie MBSR’s outcomes.
Cultures of Control: A Historical Analysis of the Development of Infection Control Nursing in Ireland
Authors: McNamara Martin S. , Fealy Gerard M. , Geraghty Ruth
Published: August 2012

Responses to the rise of antimicrobial resistance in Europe and North America included establishment of special hospital infection control teams of a microbiologist and a nurse. Based on the testimonies of seven infection control nurses in Irish hospitals appointed during 1979–1990, this article examines the early development and expressions of their disciplinary practice.1 Fairman’s model of collaborative practice was used to examine the context in which the role emerged, the places practice was negotiated and mutually constructed, and exemplars of collaborative practice. Aspects of the relationship between theory and method in Wengraf’s biographical narrative interpretive method (BNIM) used to generate the nurses’ accounts of their early experiences in the role are highlighted. Practice was contingent on effective negotiation of places of practice, and disciplinary practice bore hallmarks of collaborative practice. The infection control nurse transitioned from conspicuous outsider and object of suspicion to valued resource for patients and staff. Infection control nursing came to be a prototype for new specialist nursing roles in hospitals.
Mineral water: a microbiological approach
Authors: Falcone-Dias Maria Fernanda , Emerick Guilherme L. , Farache-Filho Adalberto
Published: August 2012

The microbiological quality of bottled mineral water of various domestic brands sold in Brazil was investigated, with particular focus on the heterotrophic plate count (HPC). Neither total coliforms nor Escherichia coli were found in any 1.5 L bottle samples. Total coliforms were found in 2.9% of the small bottles, while in 20 L bottles the presence of total coliforms and E. coli was demonstrated in 15.5 and 2.4% of samples, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in 4.3, 4.5 and 9.5% of small, 1.5 and 20 L bottles, respectively. In 36.4% of the samples of 1.5 L bottles, the HPC was above 500 cfu/mL. This percentage of samples with an HPC above 500 cfu/mL increased to 52.0 and 61.9% in small and 20 L bottles, respectively. Higher contamination by total coliforms, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and HPCs occurred in 20 L bottles. In conclusion, several samples in this study were outside the international quality standard for mineral water and the large number of samples with high HPCs shows that more work must be done on the use of HPC in mineral water and the damaging effects that these microorganisms may cause to humans. The bottled mineral water was confirmed as a particularly important public health problem, due to the poor microbiological quality of the products that are marketed.
Cyanobacteria cell damage and cyanotoxin release in response to alum treatment
Authors: Han Jisun , Jeon Bong-seok , Park Ho-Dong
Published: August 2012

Alum (aluminium sulfate) has been evaluated as a less-hazardous chemical for cyanobacteria that does not cause physiological toxicity and causes little or no release of cyanotoxins. In this study, the effect of alum treatment on toxic Microcystis cells was evaluated on weekly and monthly scales using a microcosm experiment designed to simulate common lakes or reservoirs. Alum treatment caused cell damage and subsequent release of large amounts of microcystin-LR (MC-LR). Moreover, MC-LR and Microcystis cells were degraded by microbes that existed in the lake sediment. This is the first study to report a serious release of microcystin by alum treatment. For this reason, care about release of a large amount of hepatotoxic microcystin should be taken when adding alum for cyanobacterial removal in lakes and reservoirs.
Characterization of a Giardia-like microorganism causing false positive reactions in the detection of Cryptosporidium/Giardia from water samples
Authors: Shimizu Taketoshi , Oda Takuya , Ito Hiroyuki , Uga Shoji
Published: August 2012

Giardia-like microorganisms were found as a result of a Cryptosporidium/Giardia detection assay on winter reservoir samples. The morphological aspects, DNA sequence of the microorganism, and specificity of immunoassay reagents were investigated. The microorganism was very similar to a Giardia cyst. The cell was oval shaped (11.0 μm in length, 7.7 μm in width), contained organelles and was stained bright apple-green by a fluorescent monoclonal antibody, although no axonemes or curved bristles were observed. Cross-reaction occurred with the anti-Cryptosporidium, but not the anti-Giardia, immunomagnetic antibody. The specificity of the fluorescent monoclonal antibodies differed depending on the product. As a result of the analysis of the partial sequence of 18S rDNA, the microorganism was identified as Lunulospora curvula, mitosporic Ascomycota. These findings will be very helpful for avoiding false positives in future assays.