bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability of vegetation resilience estimates depends on biomass density
Authors: Smith Taylor , Boers Niklas
Published: September 2023

Concerns have been raised that the resilience of vegetated ecosystems may be negatively impacted by ongoing anthropogenic climate and land-use change at the global scale. Several recent studies present global vegetation resilience trends based on satellite data using diverse methodological set-ups. Here, upon a systematic comparison of data sets, spatial and temporal pre-processing, and resilience estimation methods, we propose a methodology that avoids different biases present in previous results. Nevertheless, we find that resilience estimation using optical satellite vegetation data is broadly problematic in dense tropical and high-latitude boreal forests, regardless of the vegetation index chosen. However, for wide parts of the mid-latitudes—especially with low biomass density—resilience can be reliably estimated using several optical vegetation indices. We infer a spatially consistent global pattern of resilience gain and loss across vegetation indices, with more regions facing declining resilience, especially in Africa, Australia and central Asia.
Amivantamab plus lazertinib in osimertinib-relapsed EGFR-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a phase 1 trial
Authors: Cho Byoung Chul , Kim Dong-Wan , Spira Alexander I. , Gomez Jorge E. , Haura Eric B. , Kim Sang-We , Sanborn Rachel E. , Cho Eun Kyung , Lee Ki Hyeong , Minchom Anna , Lee Jong-Seok , Han Ji-Youn , Nagasaka Misako , Sabari Joshua K. , Ou Sai-Hong Ignatius , Lorenzini Patricia , Bauml Joshua M. , Curtin Joshua C. , Roshak Amy , Gao Grace , Xie John , Thayu Meena , Knoblauch Roland E. , Park Keunchil
Published: September 2023

Patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) often develop resistance to current standard third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs); no targeted treatments are approved in the osimertinib-relapsed setting. In this open-label, dose-escalation and dose-expansion phase 1 trial, the potential for improved anti-tumor activity by combining amivantamab, an EGFR-MET bispecific antibody, with lazertinib, a third-generation EGFR TKI, was evaluated in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC whose disease progressed on third-generation TKI monotherapy but were chemotherapy naive (CHRYSALIS cohort E). In the dose-escalation phase, the recommended phase 2 combination dose was established; in the dose-expansion phase, the primary endpoints were safety and overall response rate, and key secondary endpoints included progression-free survival and overall survival. The safety profile of amivantamab and lazertinib was generally consistent with previous experience of each agent alone, with 4% experiencing grade ≥3 events; no new safety signals were identified. In an exploratory cohort of 45 patients who were enrolled without biomarker selection, the primary endpoint of investigator-assessed overall response rate was 36% (95% confidence interval, 22–51). The median duration of response was 9.6 months, and the median progression-free survival was 4.9 months. Next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry analyses identified high EGFR and/or MET expression as potential predictive biomarkers of response, which will need to be validated with prospective assessment. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02609776.
Safety and environmental impact control of cross passage construction in soft soil strata using tunnel boring machine method
Authors: Yunkang Ma , Wei Yan , Yanjie Song , Meiqin Zhang , Sheng Zhou , Tianfang Xiong , Jia Geng , Xiaofan Li , Xuesong Cheng
Published: September 2023

The construction of cross passages using the tunnel boring machine (TBM) method represents an emerging construction technique with numerous advantages. However, owing to the scarcity of application instances, the safety control methodologies and the regulatory patterns concerning environmental impacts remain inconclusive. In this study, a cross passage excavated using the TBM method—the first of its kind in the Tianjin area—was investigated. We identified the key risk control measures for the construction and analysed the TBM operating parameters, monitored ground and building settlements, and monitored mainline tunnel deformations and mechanical responses, revealing the ground and tunnel structure deformation patterns. The following conclusions are drawn. (1) The ground surrounding the cross-passage break-out opening was stabilised by performing secondary grouting and small-range freezing, and the break-in opening was excavated using a completely enclosed steel sleeve. These measures prevented water and sand inflows during the excavation of the break-out and break-in openings in the silt and silty sand strata. (2) The torsional moment of the cutter disc was large during the break-out phase. Break-out mainline tunnel displacement monitoring data indicated that the thrust had a significant effect on the mainline tunnel during the break-out phase. (3) The TBM tunnelling caused ground loss. The ground settlement exhibited a U-shaped distribution along the cross-passage axis, with the maximum settlement being 10 mm. (4) During the break-out phase, the deformation of the break-out mainline tunnel exhibited a duck-egg-shaped distribution. The clearance convergence of the break-out mainline tunnel was within ± 4, and the clearance convergence of the break-in mainline tunnel was controlled within ± 1 mm.
Three-input logic gate based on DNA strand displacement reaction
Authors: Jingjing M. A.
Published: September 2023

In this paper, three kinds of three-input logic gates are designed based on DNA strand displacement reaction, which are three-input OR logic gate, three-input AND logic gate, and three-input MAJORITY logic gate. The logic gates designed in this paper takes different DNA strands as input and fluorescence signals as output. The biochemical experimental results verify my designs. The results show that DNA strand displacement technology has important application value in DNA computing, especially in the construction of DNA molecular logic gates.
Neutrophil extracellular trap formation during surgical procedures: a pilot study
Authors: Huang Melody Ying-Yu , Lippuner Christoph , Schiff Marcel , Book Malte , Stueber Frank
Published: September 2023

Neutrophils can release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) containing DNA fibres and antimicrobial peptides to immobilize invading pathogens. NET formation (NETosis) plays a vital role in inflammation and immune responses. In this study we investigated the impact of surgical trauma on NETosis of neutrophils. Nine patients undergoing “Transcatheter/percutaneous aortic valve implantation” (TAVI/PAVI, mild surgical trauma), and ten undergoing “Aortocoronary bypass” (ACB, severe surgical trauma) were included in our pilot study. Peripheral blood was collected before, end of, and after surgery (24 h and 48 h). Neutrophilic granulocytes were isolated and stimulated in vitro with Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). NETosis rate was examined by microscopy. In addition, HLA-DR surface expression on circulating monocytes was analysed by flow-cytometry as a prognostic marker of the immune status. Both surgical procedures led to significant down regulation of monocytic HLA-DR surface expression, albeit more pronounced in ACB patients, and there was a similar trend in NETosis regulation over the surgical 24H course. Upon PMA stimulation, no significant difference in NETosis was observed over time in TAVI/PAVI group; however, a decreasing NETosis trend with a significant drop upon ACB surgery was evident. The reduced PMA-induced NETosis in ACB group suggests that the inducibility of neutrophils to form NETs following severe surgical trauma may be compromised. Moreover, the decreased monocytic HLA-DR expression suggests a post-operative immunosuppressed status in all patients, with a bigger impact by ACB, which might be attributed to the extracorporeal circulation or tissue damage occurring during surgery.
Ocean-forcing of cool season precipitation drives ongoing and future decadal drought in southwestern North America
Authors: Seager Richard , Ting Mingfang , Alexander Patrick , Liu Haibo , Nakamura Jennifer , Li Cuihua , Newman Matthew
Published: September 2023

The US Southwest is in a drought crisis that has been developing over the past two decades, contributing to marked increases in burned forest areas and unprecedented efforts to reduce water consumption. Climate change has contributed to this ongoing decadal drought via warming that has increased evaporative demand and reduced snowpack and streamflows. However, on the supply side, precipitation has been low during the 21st century. Here, using simulations with an atmosphere model forced by imposed sea surface temperatures, we show that the 21st century shift to cooler tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures forced a decline in cool season precipitation that in turn drove a decline in spring to summer soil moisture in the southwest. We then project the near-term future out to 2040, accounting for plausible and realistic natural decadal variability of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and radiatively-forced change. The future evolution of decadal variability in the Pacific and Atlantic will strongly influence how wet or dry the southwest is in coming decades as a result of the influence on cool season precipitation. The worst-case scenario involves a continued cold state of the tropical Pacific and the development of a warm state of the Atlantic while the best case scenario would be a transition to a warm state of the tropical Pacific and the development of a cold state of the Atlantic. Radiatively-forced cool season precipitation reduction is strongest if future forced SST change continues the observed pattern of no warming in the equatorial Pacific cold tongue. Although this is a weaker influence on summer soil moisture than natural decadal variability, no combination of natural decadal variability and forced change ensures a return to winter precipitation or summer soil moisture levels as high as those in the final two decades of the 20th century.
Coinfection with chytrid genotypes drives divergent infection dynamics reflecting regional distribution patterns
Authors: Carvalho Tamilie , Medina Daniel , P. Ribeiro Luisa , Rodriguez David , Jenkinson Thomas S. , Becker C. Guilherme , Toledo Luís Felipe , Hite Jessica L.
Published: September 2023

By altering the abundance, diversity, and distribution of species—and their pathogens—globalization may inadvertently select for more virulent pathogens. In Brazil’s Atlantic Forest, a hotspot of amphibian biodiversity, the global amphibian trade has facilitated the co-occurrence of previously isolated enzootic and panzootic lineages of the pathogenic amphibian-chytrid (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, ‘Bd’) and generated new virulent recombinant genotypes (‘hybrids’). Epidemiological data indicate that amphibian declines are most severe in hybrid zones, suggesting that coinfections are causing more severe infections or selecting for higher virulence. We investigated how coinfections involving these genotypes shapes virulence and transmission. Overall, coinfection favored the more virulent and competitively superior panzootic genotype, despite dampening its transmission potential andoverallvirulence. However, for the least virulent and least competitive genotype, coinfection increased bothoverallvirulence and transmission. Thus, by integrating experimental and epidemiological data, our results provide mechanistic insight into how globalization can select for, and propel, the emergence of introduced hypervirulent lineages, such as the globally distributed panzootic lineage of Bd.
In vitro anti-prostate adenocarcinoma and lung cancer studies of phenoxyaniline-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) based nanocomposites via controlled radical polymerization
Authors: Priya Sahariya , Murali Adhigan , Mohan Sakar , Lakshminarayanan A. , Sekar S. , Ramesh R. , Devendiran M. , Han Sung Soo
Published: September 2023

A phenoxyaniline-based macroinitiator is utilized for the first time in order to produce phenoxyaniline-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) composites through single electron transfer-living radical polymerization (SET-LRP) under mild conditions.
BODIPY-based photosensitizers with simultaneous photodynamic antitumor and antibacterial effects
Authors: Liu Bin-Kai , Zheng Ji , Wang Hui , Niu Li-Ya , Yang Qing-Zheng
Published: September 2023

We present here five BODIPY-based nano-photosensitizers through a supramolecular self-assembly strategy that can achieve photodynamic antitumor and antibacterial therapy simultaneously to improve the prognosis of surgical tumor resection.
Multicompartment calcium alginate microreactors to reduce substrate inhibition in enzyme cascade reactions
Authors: Xi Yongkang , Frank Bradley D. , Tatas Apostolos , Pavlovic Marko , Zeininger Lukas
Published: September 2023

A design strategy for the continuous generation of structurally uniform multi-compartment hydrogel microreactors from complex aqueous emulsion templates that allows selective sequestration of enzymes in different compartments is reported.
Interleukin-17D produced by alveolar epithelial type II cells alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury via the Nrf2 pathway
Authors: Dong Shuan , Liu Shasha , Gao Qiaoying , Shi Jia , Song Kai , Wu Ya , Liu Huayang , Guo Chenxu , Huang Yan , Du Shihan , Li Xiangyun , Ge Lixiu , Yu Jianbo
Published: September 2023

Background: Sepsis engenders an imbalance in the body’s inflammatory response, with cytokines assuming a pivotal role in its progression. A relatively recent addition to the interleukin-17 family, denominated interleukin-17D (IL-17D), is notably abundant within pulmonary confines. Nevertheless, its implication in sepsis remains somewhat enigmatic. The present study endeavors to scrutinize the participation of IL-17D in sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI).

Methods: The levels of IL-17D in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of both healthy cohorts and septic patients were ascertained through an ELISA protocol. For the creation of a sepsis-induced ALI model, intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections were administered to male C57/BL6 mice. Subsequently, we examined the fluctuations and repercussions associated with IL-17D in sepsis-induced ALI, probing its interrelation with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), alveolar epithelial permeability, and heme oxygenase-1.

Results: IL-17D levels exhibited significant reduction both in the serum and BALF of septic patients (P<0.001). Similar observations manifested in mice subjected to LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) (P=0.002). Intraperitoneal administration of recombinant interleukin 17D protein (rIL-17D) prompted increased expression of claudin 18 and concomitant enhancement of alveolar epithelial permeability, thus, culminating in improved lung injury (P<0.001). Alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells were identified as the source of IL-17D, regulated by Nrf2. Furthermore, a deficiency in HO-1 yielded elevated IL-17D levels (P=0.004), albeit administration of rIL-17D ameliorated the exacerbated pulmonary damage resulting from HO-1 deficiency.

Conclusion: Nrf2 fosters IL-17D production within AT II cells, thereby conferring a protective role in sepsis-induced ALI.
Experiences of Patient Bigotry Among Doctor of Audiology Graduate Clinicians: A Review and Recommendations
Authors: Kirjava Shade Avery , Vallejo Ricardo
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

Students in audiology clinical doctorate programs in the United States are required to participate in direct patient care under the supervision of a licensed precepting audiologist during their schooling. Audiology student clinicians commonly rotate through a variety of clinical settings with their own organizational structure, policies, and precepting clinicians. Systemic prejudice and stigma cause many of these student clinicians to experience bigotry from the patients they work with.

Method:

This review discusses the populations of audiology students at highest risk of patient bigotry and discusses the intersectionality of students with several historically marginalized identities.

Results:

Little scholarship exists in the field of audiology on the bigotry that graduate student clinicians experience. The effects of bigotry are reviewed, and practical guidance on preparing for and responding to bigotry from patients is provided.

Conclusions:

As health care workers, these students are essential workers contributing to the health and health care of the population, making their well-being a critical public health concern. Bigotry from others has been shown to contribute to mental illness, burnout, and poorer physical health among the people experiencing it.
Effect of Device-Assisted Therapy in Children With Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: A Rapid Review
Authors: Gosa Memorie M. , Marshall Jeanne
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to determine the state of the evidence regarding device-assisted therapy for swallowing physiology and functional feeding outcomes in children with oropharyngeal dysphagia.

Method:

This rapid review methodology identified relevant literature through a narrow search strategy applied to three relevant databases using search strategies specific to the electronic database and searching the following keywords and their variations: “pediatric,” “dysphagia,” “device-assisted,” and “therapy.” Searches took place between February and March 2023. Device-assisted therapy was defined as therapy that utilized instruments capable of providing objective data about patient performance and/or providing mechanically controlled external stimulation to the client during therapy.

Results:

This rapid review identified seven peer-reviewed journal articles relating to device-assisted dysphagia therapy in pediatric patients, 1–18 years of age. Most of the included articles were observational in nature and reported on the impact of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on swallowing physiology in children. Critical appraisal of the experimental articles revealed generally small sample size and low methodological quality.

Conclusions:

This rapid review indicates that there is limited empirical evidence to support the use of device-assisted therapeutic modalities in children with oropharyngeal dysphagia 1–18 years of age. Further research into the effect of device-assisted therapeutic modalities on swallowing physiology and functional feeding outcomes in pediatric populations is immediately required.
Understanding the radio emission from ϵ Eridani
Authors: Rodríguez Luis F. , Lizano Susana , Cantó Jorge , González Ricardo F.
Published: September 2023

Some solar-type stars are known to present faint, time-variable radio continuum emission whose nature is not clearly established. We report on Jansky Very Large Array observations of the nearby star ϵ Eridani at 10.0 and 33.0 GHz. We find that this star has flux density variations on scales down to days, hours, and minutes. On 2020 April 15 it exhibited a radio pulse at 10.0 GHz with a total duration of about 20 min and a peak four times larger than the plateau of 40 μJy present in that epoch. We were able to model the time behavior of this radio pulse in terms of the radiation from shocks ramming into the stellar wind. Such shocks can be produced by the wind interaction of violently expanding gas heated suddenly by energetic electrons from a stellar flare, similar to the observed solar flares. Because of the large temperature needed in the working surface to produce the observed emission, this has to be nonthermal. It could be gyrosynchrotron or synchrotron emission. Unfortunately, the spectral index or polarization measurements from the radio pulse do not have a high enough signal-to-noise ratio to allow us to determine its nature.
The Evaluation of Pectin Concentration and Heat Treatment on Physical Properties of Banana Peel Pectin Edible Coating
Authors: Marcellino Vincensius , Kusuma Gracella , Aditya Wardana Ata , Bimo Setiarto R. Haryo
Published: September 2023

Edible coating from banana peel pectin is one of the alternative packagings that utilizes organic compounds to preserve food quality. The research was conducted to study the characteristics of banana peel pectin coating with different concentrations of pectin (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%) and heat treatment added during the processing. The research showed a significant difference from the different concentrations of pectin on the parameters which correlate with the amount of total solid dissolved in the coating. The difference concentration showed an increase in thickness value from 0.033 ± 0.0005 to 0.106 ± 0.001 mm and a decrease in transmittance value from 73.75% to 53.6%. Meanwhile, heat treatment showed insignificant differences (except the light transmittance) in several physical properties where the heat treatment only contributes to the dispersion interval of the pectin. The research concluded that banana peel pectin was one of the potential alternatives for fabricating edible film.
Effect of addition of sugar and non-dairy creamer on sensory acceptance, physical properties, and antioxidant activity of sorghum-adlay milk
Authors: Sanjaya Steven , Romulo Andreas
Published: September 2023

The popularity and demand of alternative beverages made from plants have gained attention over the last year due to health reasons. Cereal plants such as sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) can be utilized as raw materials for the production of plant-based milk. However, information on the development of sorghum-adlay milk is still limited, especially regarding the ingredients used and their influence on the characteristics of the final product. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of sugar and non-dairy creamer (NDC) addition on the sensory acceptance, color, physical stability, total soluble solids, pH, and antioxidant activity of sorghum-adlay milk. There were 15 samples formulated with different concentrations of sugar (4-20%) and NDC (0-2%). The results showed that samples with 20% sugar and 2% NDC had the highest sensory acceptance by the panelists. The addition of NDC significantly influenced the color of samples, which increased the L* value and decreased the a* and b* values (p<0.05). It also increased the total soluble solids and physical stability of the product (p<0.05). A higher concentration of NDC in the product could decrease the antioxidant activity of the alternative milk (p<0.05).
Games and Audiovisuals of Non-Communicable Diseases as Health Promotion, Green Technology for Women Workers
Authors: Hidayati Titiek , Bagus Wiranatakusuma Dimas , Abdul Haq Fahmy , Zaidi bin MD Zabri Mohd
Published: September 2023

Some of the millions of Indonesian migrant workers who live and work in Malaysia are there illegally and do not have health insurance. If they get sick, their access to health services is limited because the Indonesian JKN system is unable to protect their health. Limited facilities and infrastructure make them vulnerable, so they are more susceptible to disease, especially if the pattern of clean-living behavior is lacking, nutritional intake is low, and the body’s biological condition is not good. in addition to poor sanitary conditions and working environments, a heavy workload, malnutrition, and a lack of guaranteed protection. The implementation of health development includes efforts that must be carried out in an integrated and sustainable manner. This service aims to make TKI independent in maintaining their health while working in Malaysia. Residents’ knowledge from the results of the post-test after the presentation of the material shows an increase in knowledge, so that the percentage of “good” knowledge becomes 91%. The resulting attitude variable also increased from 52% to 70%. The behavior variable increased from 65% to 91% good behavior, so bad behavior decreased.
Modeling The Pabelan Sabodam Tourism Access Road Using Civil 3D
Authors: Zaki Ahmad , Yadi Seplika , Wahyono Tri , Nindhita Kharisma Wira , Wijaya Arfa Maulana Kusuma , Yasin Ahmad
Published: September 2023

The international community views Indonesia as rich in natural tourism, like a tourist village. One of the tourism potentials that can be developed as part of a tourist village is Pabelan Sabodam, located in Magelang Regency, Central Java Province. The Pabelan River in Sabodam has the potential to serve the community as a tourist destination in addition to being a water system infrastructure for agricultural land. However, the current problem is that there is no supporting road access to this weir. Therefore, this research will model the design of the access road to the Pabelan Sabodam to support the acceleration of the tourism development of the Pabelan Sabodam. The modeling process begins with collecting data from Google Earth and processing it through the Global Mapper application. Road modeling is carried out using the Civil 3D application, and then the visualization process approaches the actual conditions using the SketchUp application. The modeling results show horizontal and vertical alignment, road, and cross sections. In addition, the estimated volume of excavation and embankment required from the Civil 3D application is also obtained.
Preparedness of Disaster Management of Landslides in the livelihoods of Kulon Progo district
Authors: Dewanti Diah Setyawati , Saptutyningsih Endah , Darsono Susilo Nur Aji Cokro , Nugraha Pazri
Published: September 2023

A landslide is one of the natural disasters that frequently appear during the rainy season. Society has confronted this natural disaster, and it is important to decrease the vulnerable impact at the household level. Preparedness refers to the effort made to expand awareness and readiness for handling the dangers and preventative actions related to them. The aim of the paper is to analyze the correlations between livelihoods and preparedness stages in a landslide disaster area in Kulon Progo. The independent variables are defined as human-, social-, physical-, natural-, and financial capital and transformation in structure and process. Preparedness is the dependent variable. The Chi-squared analysis was applied to answer the objective. The unit analysis of this study is households, and we collected 300 households based on stratified random sampling at the research site. Kulon Progo has been chosen since the geographical pattern is hilly. Households appear to have the average level of disaster management preparedness (37.3%). Based on the strengthening of relations, the belief in keeping away from bad behavior based on ancestors’ advice has the highest CC to preparedness phase (0.396) with χ² 55.554**. It found that belief and religiosity levels have a strong contingency correlation among household capitals.
Levan Production in Shake Flask and Fermenter Influence of Feeding Strategy on Levan Yield and Molecular Weight Distribution
Authors: Veerapandian Bhuvaneshwari , Ramiah Shanmugam Saravanan , Krishnan Srividhya , Sivaraman Subramaniyasharma , Sriariyanun Malinee , Venkatachalam Ponnusami
Published: September 2023

Effect of feeding strategy on levan production was studied in a shake flask and a 5 L lab scale fermenter. In a shake flask, levan specific substrate yield (YP/S) increased from 0.35 g levan/g sucrose to 0.48 g levan/g sucrose with repeated batch feeding. In a 3 L reactor, levan productivity of 7.18 g/L h was obtained with the fed-batch mode of fermentation. The gel permeation chromatography results indicate that higher initial sucrose concentration under the fed-batch mode operation resulted in the formation of low molecular weight fractions (4 and 10 kDa). Thus, fed-batch fermentation favors levan production resulting in higher yield and productivity and also affects the molecular weight distribution of the biopolymer.
From Kimchi to Kefir: An Exploration of Probiotics, Benefits, and Future
Authors: AbuZaid Malak , Chan Sook Sin , Chew Kit Wayne , Tawai Atthasit , Show Pau Loke
Published: September 2023

Live microorganisms known as probiotics, which have various beneficial claims, have undergone substantial research and commercial exploration in a wide range of goods across the world. Many scientific studies have demonstrated their advantages for both human and animal health. The two primary probiotic bacterial species are Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. The multi-billion health food industry has employed probiotics with a variety of dietary matrices, which are briefly reported. The history of probiotics, their use in food and medicine, and the latest developments in probiotic processes such as microencapsulation and genetically engineered probiotics are all covered in this review.
Understanding the Environmental Distribution and Potential Health Risks of Pollutants from Deodorant Products: A Review
Authors: Kakara Meenakshi , Dasari Srideep , Gundupalli Marttin Paulraj , Kangsadan Tawiwan , Katam Keerthi
Published: September 2023

Deodorants are frequently used personal care products; however, questions have been raised concerning their possible toxicity to cause air and water pollution, and their potential impact on human health. The degree to which deodorant ingredients, such as fragrance chemicals, antibacterial compounds, aluminium compounds, and preservatives, are toxic depends on their chemical composition. Many of these chemicals have been connected to adverse health effects, such as skin rashes, allergic reactions, endocrine disruption, and respiratory problems. Understanding these chemicals’ toxicity is crucial for determining any potential risks to human health. Spray formulations have the potential to release volatile organic compounds into the air, such as propellants and fragrance chemicals, which can be harmful to human respiratory health and lead to indoor and outdoor air pollution. Improper disposal and wastewater treatment can lead to the contamination of water bodies, potentially impacting aquatic ecosystems and human water supplies. This review provides an overview of the toxicity of deodorant ingredients in various formulations, including sprays, roll-ons, and sticks. The partition coefficients Log Kaw (air-water partition coefficient), Log Koa (airorganic carbon partition coefficient), and Log Kow (octanol-water partition coefficient), values of deodorant ingredients were summarized for assessing their potential for long-range transport, persistence in the environment, and bioaccumulation in organisms.
Pharmaceuticals and Agro-Chemicals in Groundwater of Hyderabad, India
Authors: Golakoti Kalyani Subbalakshmi , Maloth Sneha , Kumara Madhu Kumar , Sabavath Murali Krishna , Areeya Sukanya , Bhattacharyya Debraj , Katam Keerthi
Published: September 2023

Organic micropollutants continue to worsen groundwater pollution, especially in many areas of the world where water resources are becoming scarce. India uses groundwater more than any other nation. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the groundwater quality of Hyderabad, India by comprehensively analyzing organic micropollutants. Samples were collected from groundwater borewells in eight different sites (Begumpet, Bharatnagar, Dundigal, Jubilee Hills, Kukatpally, Sanath nagar, Tarnaka, and Tirumalagiri). The non-targeted screening analysis was performed using liquid chromatographyquadrupole time-of-flight (LC-QTOF). About 250 different compounds were detected in total from all the samples. This includes pharmaceuticals, herbicides, fungicides, pesticides, hormones, steroids, cosmetics, plasticizers, cyanotoxins, and metabolites. In all samples, pharmaceuticals accounted for approximately 50% of the detected compounds. The Sanath nagar groundwater sample had been detected with more than 130 compounds and the least number of compounds were detected in Taranaka, Jubilee Hills, and Kukatpally areas. Apramycin (veterinary drug) and Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (plasticizer) had been found in all eight samples. The high abundance values were observed for 17αβ - Dihydroequilin, Avobenzone, Butachlor, Clarithromycin-N-oxide, Dibutyl phthalate, Doxepin, Estriol, Napropamide, and Nefazodone. Estriol and 17αβ - Dihydroequilin are the largest endocrine disruptors. The presence of various pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals in groundwater reveals pollution either directly or indirectly, by the discharge of domestic and industrial wastewater.
Hetastarch as a Clear Prime for Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Palanzo David A. , O’Neill Martin J. , Williams Dennis R. , Parr Grant V. S.
Published: September 2023

Hydroxyethyl starch, an artificial plasma expander, was investigated for use as a colloidal pump prime for cardiopulmonary bypass. A 3% hetastarch solution was compared with a 4% albumin solution in eighty-four patients undergoing myocardial revascularization. There was no statistical difference in patient population when compared by age, weight, body surface area, bypass time and aortic cross-clamp time. The postbypass platelet counts were lower in those patients receiving the hetastarch prime, but they were sufficient to maintain normal hemostasis. There were no differences in chest tube drainage, blood products used, plasma hemoglobin, or fibrinogen levels. The albumin prime costs nearly three times as much per patient as the hetastarch prime.
Optimising Cardiopulmonary Bypass Utilizing Continuous Oxygen Saturation Monitoring
Authors: Page Paul A. , Birenbaum lrv B. , Thomas Larry , Baldwin Robert C. , Benak Arnold
Published: September 2023

Proper management of cardiopulmonary bypass requires the analysis of both arterial and venous blood gases at regular intervals, and is most critical during the rewarming phase. 3,4 In some hospitals blood gas results are received as long as 15 to 30 minutes after the sample is drawn. More frequent blood gas analysis or ideally continuous measurement of oxygen saturation allows the perfusionist to make continuous adjustments as the patient’s oxygen requirements change. Two hundred patients were selected for study. One hundred were perfused using regular periodic blood analyses. A second group of one hundred patients were perfused utilizing an in-line saturation meter.

The blood flow rate was 6% lower during hypothermia and 5% lower while warm in the group utilizing the saturation meter. The total gas flow rate was reduced by 20% while cold and 16% while warm in the metered group. The CPB arterial and venous pO2 RANGES were reduced with the use of the oxygen saturation meter. The same make of hybrid oxygenator was utilized on all patients in both study groups.

Based on the close correlation of the oxygen saturations afforded by the saturation meter and those measured by the blood gas laboratory, we found the Bentley Oxygen Saturation Meter reliable and accurate. It may help protect the patient from extremes in oxygenation and allows the perfusionist to regulate the oxygenator in the most precise and efficient operation.
The Contribution of Individual Style to Stress in the Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery Team
Authors: Friday Paul J. , Larkin Kevin T.
Published: September 2023

Interpersonal orientations of thoracic surgeons, operating room nurses, and perfusionists were assessed and found to differ substantially. It is proposed that these differences may contribute to increased stress-related symptoms within as well as outside of the operating room

Recent surveys1,2,3 have reported increased prevalance for stress-related symptoms such as alcohol abuse, drug addiction, marital discord, and even suicide among individuals functioning as part of thoracic surgery teams. Several factors, including the close proximity to death during and immediately following surgery, overcoming increased public prominence, and prolonged work hours with decreasing rewards have been projected as potential explanatory mechanisms for this phenomenen4. While these factors certainly account for a portion of the stress experienced in the operating room, investigations on personality differences and interpersonal orientations have been largely neglected in uncovering answers to this increasingly serious problem.

Each individual on the thoracic surgery team, from surgeon to nurse to perfusionist, possesses a unique interpersonal style that may help or hinder functioning as a member of a team. In addition, one's perception of interpersonal styles of the other members of the surgery team also has an effect on the level of stress in the operating room. These perceptions may affect whether individuals will function congruently or in conflict with one another. It can be proposed then, that the differing perceptions of inter-personal functioning in the operating room may be a major foundation for the rising levels of distress in the O.R.

In one of the most prominent theories of interpersonal behavior, Dr. Karen Horney5 described three general interpersonal styles: The individual's tendency to move toward other people (pleasantness); the tendency to move against other people (bluster); and the tendency to withdraw or move away from other people (selfisolate). According to Horney, the well-balanced individual should possess equivalent elements of all three styles. The tendency to neglect one mode and/or over use another may indicate the presence of considerable interpersonal strain and possible neurotic tendencies that could lead to stress-related symptoms. The purpose of this investigation is to assess interpersonal styles or traits, as defined by Horney, of individuals composing the thoracic surgery team.

It was hypothesized that significant variances in the three orientations ("toward," "against," or "away from'') or significant differences in perceptions of these orientations could be a foundation for the high stress levels in the lives of cardiovascular surgery team members.
A Computer Monitored, Recirculating, Equilibrium Test Circuit for Artificial Blood Oxygenator Gas and Heat Transfer Characterization
Authors: Riley J.B. , Fitch R.W. , Winn B.A. , Hurdle M.B.
Published: September 2023

An In Vitro test circuit that features continuous direct monitoring of blood gases, pH, temperature, hemoglobin O2 saturation, blood flow, gas flow and pressure is presented. Previous test circuit designs and features are presented.

A microcomputer monitors the directly measured parameters, presents the investigator with test control variables and allows the user to collect gas and heat transfer data with a single key stroke. Control parameters and test results are presented immediately and stored in a data file for statistical analysis and graphic presentation.

The microcomputer is employed to present the technologist with AAMI Standard test condition parameters and variables that quantitate oxygenator "stress" to allow rapid control of the deoxygenator loop. The computer assisted ability to control test conditions facilitates testing, improves the statistical consistency of the data and minimizes time to collect, analyze and compare device data.

Employing the computer test circuit decreased study time for a single device characterization from 8 hours to 2-3 hours. Additionally, hemoglobin P50, mixed venous blood conditions, the forcing function for O2 and CO2 transfer, the test oxygenator respiratory quotient and failure conditions are easily monitored, eliminating the recording of invalid data.
Evaluation of Two Microporous Polypropylene Membrane Lungs for Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal during Apneic Oxygenation
Authors: Beckley Philip D. , Tallman Richard D.
Published: September 2023

Five Capiox II 33 (Terumo Corporation) and nine M-2000 (Shiley Incorporated) microporous polypropylene membrane lungs were evaluated for dynamic operating characteristics during apneic oxygenation. Particular emphasis was placed on carbon dioxide and oxygen transfer (VCO2 and VO2 respectively). The lungs were incorporated into extracorporeal venovenous bypass circuits used with the pigs of 36.5 kg average weight. VCO2 was determined by analyzing outlet gas composition and VO2 was determined with the Fick technique. Blood flow rate was held constant at 1 L/min in all trials. Peak VCO2 occurred at gas flow rates of 4 L/min and 6 L/min for the Capiox II 33 and M-2000 respectively. Both lungs eliminated CO2 in quantities sufficient for complete ventilatory support during apneic oxygenation over the 5-8 hour experiments. VO2 for the Capiox II 33 was 18.2 and 45.6 ml/min with an inlet oxygen saturation of 70% and FiO2 of 0.209 and 1.0 respectively. Under the same conditions, the VO2 for the M-2000 was 27.2 and 43.1 ml/min. Both lungs operated with low gas inlet pressures over the gas flow rates used and the blood path pressure drop averaged 42.2 and 20.7 mmHg for the Capiox II 33 and M-2000 respectively.
Gravity Drainage Capabilities of Venous Tubing and Catheters
Authors: Frazier Thomas M.
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this paper is for the examination and discussion of the gravity return capabilities of three tubing sizes using three different elevational drops of twenty (20), twenty-five (25), and thirty (30) inches. In addition, the gravity flow limitations of twelve different sized venous catheters combined with these venous lines are evaluated under the same conditions.

It is our conclusion the gravity drainage capability of the one quarter inch venous line ranges from 1.5 to 2.1 liters per minute. The three-eighths line ranges from 2.7 to 3.5 liters per minute, and the one-half inch line ranges from 7.5 to 9.6 liters per minute.
Heparin Reversal in Children Following Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Friesen Robert H. , Hydrick Dan R.
Published: September 2023

Inadequate or excessive doses of heparin and protamine during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are associated with both theoretical and well-documented real complications. A simple and safe method of determining optimal doses of heparin and protamine has its place in pediatric cardiac surgery.

Use of a heparin dose-activated clotting time (ACT) response curve method was compared to an older arbitrarily fixed dose method of anticoagulation management for CPB in 85 infants and children. All patients were initially heparinized with 3 mg/kg heparin. In group 1, a two point dose-response curve, generated prior to CPB, was used to determine doses of incremental heparin during CPB and protamine following CPB. In group 2, fixed doses of incremental heparin (1.5 mg/kg each hr of CPB) and protamine (2:1 ratio of protamine to initial heparin dose) were administered.

Age, weight, and duration of CPB were similar in each group. Adequate maintenance of anticoagulation with heparin and its reversal with protamine were demonstrated by ACTs in each group. However, group 1 patients required 28% less heparin (P < 0.01) and 39% less protamine (P < 0.01) than did group 2 patients. The authors conclude that the dose-response curve provides a simple and reliable method to optimize anticoagulation management during CPB in pediatric patients.
Hepatic Resection Using Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Total Circulatory Arrest
Authors: Hydrick Dan R. , Clarke David R. , Campbell David N. , Pappas George , Chang Jack H.T.
Published: September 2023

Hepatoblastomas are the third most common malignant intra-abdominal tumor and are universally fatal without resection. Resections of these tumors are often difficult due to their size. Chemotherapy is frequently used to reduce the size of the tumor and allow resection. Hepatic resection is often complicated with excessive bleeding and with an attendant mortality of 10 to 30%.

Cardiopulmonary bypass with total circulatory arrest was used on three patients for hepatic resection. The extracorporeal circuit consisted of a membrane oxygenator and a pulsatile flow pump. Pulsatile flow was utilized for its advantageous effects on cooling and rewarming times. An average time of 13 minutes was needed to cool the patient to a rectal temperature of 17°C. Upon reaching this temperature, systemic circulation was stopped and the patient was exsanguinated into the extracorporeal circuit. During circulatory arrest, tumor resection was performed. Circulatory arrest time averaged 37 minutes. After resection was completed, the patients were rewarmed to 37°C with an average time of 27 minutes and were gradually weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass.

This technique allows tumor resection in a bloodless environment and free retraction without fear of diminished circulation. Also, blood usage is minimal and blood conservation can be optimized.
A Modified Blood Cardioplegia Delivery System Designed to Provide Improved Right Heart Protection
Authors: Evers Allen L. , Champion Thomas , Charlesworth David C.
Published: September 2023

Inadequate right heart protection during cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation is a complex problem. Rewarming of the right heart via collateral coronary blood flow, ambient room air, surgical lights and the proximity of the heart to other mediastinal structures, as well as inadequate initial cooling are some of the factors sited as causes of reduced myocardial protection. Recently there has been increased attention to the problem especially in the setting of adequate left heart protection. The goals of this paper are 1) To review and discuss the literature addressing right heart dysfunction and associated abnormalities of cardiac rhythm, 2) To explore the etiology of these complications and 3) To describe a newly designed system of right heart protection utilizing a modified blood cardioplegia delivery system which we feel will be helpful in reducing the incidence of these complications.
The usage of ultra dilutions in agriculture
Authors: Haspolat Gulden
Published: September 2023

Die Landwirtschaft hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten zu deutlichen Umweltproblemen
geführt, die sich nachteilig auf die Natur und die Gesundheit auswirken.
Aus diesem Grund haben sich ökologisch und ökonomisch
verantwortungsvolle landwirtschaftliche Methoden stark ausgebreitet, zu denen
auch die fortgeschrittene Forschung und Entwicklung im Bereich der nachhaltigen
Landwirtschaft gehören. Werden Verdünnungen
homöopathischer Arzneimittel in diesem Bereich eingesetzt, spricht man
von Agrohomöopathie. Die Behandlung von Pflanzen mit Homöopathie
trägt zum Schutz der Umwelt bei: ein Gewinn für beide Seiten.
Sie hat wichtige Auswirkungen auf die Herstellung von Lösungen auf
natürlicher Basis sowohl für den Pflanzenschutz als auch
für die Widerstandsfähigkeit der Pflanzen gegenüber
Stressfaktoren.

In diesem Beitrag wurden Studien zur Agrohomöopathie aus aller Welt
zusammengestellt. Agrohomöopathiestudien werden sowohl akademisch als
auch nichtakademisch in Form der direkten Praxis in Ländern wie Italien,
Brasilien, Mexiko, Indien, Deutschland usw. durchgeführt. Viele Faktoren
sind wichtig für den Erfolg der Anwendung, ob die Studien unter Labor-
oder Feldbedingungen durchgeführt werden, die Auswahl der Mittel
für diesen Verwendungszweck, die Bestimmung ihrer Potenz sowie die Art
und Häufigkeit der Anwendung. Um den breiten Einsatz der
Agrohomöopathie zu gewährleisten, ist es sinnvoll, Methoden auf
der Grundlage akademischer Studien festzulegen. Mit der Fähigkeit,
Pflanzen mit geringen Dosen nichttoxischer Chemikalien zu behandeln, sowie den
erheblichen wirtschaftlichen Vorteilen aufgrund niedriger Kosten,
höherer Erträge und besserer Erntequalität kann die
Agrohomöopathie vorteilhafte Lösungen bieten.
Introducing Academic Freedom in Constitutions: a new global dataset, 1789–2022
Authors: Spannagel Janika
Published: September 2023

The Academic Freedom in Constitutions dataset is a new resource that empirically maps constitutional guarantees of the freedom of science, of academic freedom, and of university autonomy in 203 countries, spanning the period from 1789 to 2022. While the topic of academic freedom has been gaining increasing prominence in political and legal research over the past decade, it is so far largely absent from the comparative constitutional literature. However, its global codification process holds interesting insights for the study of international norm diffusion, both with respect to its functional connection to higher education development and its distinct constitutional genealogies. The paper first introduces the dataset and explains how it is different from previous coding efforts, before discussing its significance and potential contributions to the comparative legal literature, political science, and other research.