bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct Enantioseparation of Nitrogen‐heterocyclic Pesticides on Amylose‐tris‐(5‐chloro‐2‐methylphenylcarbamate) by Reversed‐Phase High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Yang Wenwen , Qiu Jing , Chen Tianjin , Yang Shuming , Hou Shicong
Published: June 2012

In this study, 11 nitrogen‐heterocyclic pesticides were stereoselectively separated on amylose‐tris‐(5‐chloro‐2‐methylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase, using reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector and optical rotation detector at 426 nm. The effects of mobile phase composition and column temperature (5–40 °C) on separation were investigated. When acetonitrile and water were used as mobile phase, satisfactory separations were obtained on amylose‐tris‐(5‐chloro‐2‐methylphenylcarbamate) for four pesticides with elution orders of (+)/(−)‐simeconazole (1), (−)/(+)‐nuarimol (3), (−)/(+)‐carfentrazone‐ethyl (4), and (−)/(+)/(−)/(+)‐bromuconazole (9) and part separations for three with elution orders of (−)/(+)‐famoxadone (6), (+)/(−)‐fenbuconazole (10), and (−)/(+)‐triapenthenol (11). Only two chromatographic peaks on diode array detector were obtained for diclobutrazol (2), cyproconazole (5), etaconazole (7), and metconazole (8), although they should have four stereoisomers in theory because of presences of two chiral centers in molecules. The stereoisomeric optical signals of all pesticides did not reverse with temperature changes but would reverse with different solvent types for some pesticides. These results will be useful to prepare and analyze individual enantiomers of chiral pesticides. Chirality 24:1031–1036, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatial variations in surface sediment structure in riffle–pool sequences: a preliminary test of the Differential Sediment Entrainment Hypothesis (DSEH)
Authors: Hodge Rebecca A. , Sear David A. , Leyland Julian
Published: June 2012

Riffle–pool sequences are maintained through the preferential entrainment of sediment grains from pools rather than riffles. This preferential entrainment has been attributed to a reversal in the magnitude of velocity and shear stress under high flows; however the Differential Sediment Entrainment Hypothesis (DSEH) postulates that differential entrainment can instead result from spatial sedimentological contrasts. Here we use a novel suite of in situ grain‐scale field measurements from a riffle–pool sequence to parameterize a physically‐based model of grain entrainment. Field measurements include pivoting angles, lift forces and high resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) acquired using terrestrial laser scanning, from which particle exposure, protrusion and surface roughness were derived. The entrainment model results show that grains in pools have a lower critical entrainment shear stress than grains in either pool exits or riffles. This is because pool grains have looser packing, hence greater exposure and lower pivoting angles. Conversely, riffle and pool exit grains have denser packing, lower exposure and higher pivoting angles. A cohesive matrix further stabilizes pool exit grains. The resulting predictions of critical entrainment shear stress for grains in different subunits are compared with spatial patterns of bed shear stress derived from a two‐dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the reach. The CFD model predicts that, under bankfull conditions, pools experience lower shear stresses than riffles and pool exits. However, the difference in sediment entrainment shear stress is sufficiently large that sediment in pools is still more likely to be entrained than sediment in pool exits or riffles, resulting in differential entrainment under bankfull flows. Significantly, this differential entrainment does not require a reversal in flow velocities or shear stress, suggesting that sedimentological contrasts alone may be sufficient for the maintenance of riffle–pool sequences. This finding has implications for the prediction of sediment transport and the morphological evolution of gravel‐bed rivers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sublethal propoxur toxicity to juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758): biochemical, hematological, histopathological, and genotoxicity effects
Authors: Gül Ali , Benli A. Çağlan Karasu , Ayhan Ayşen , Memmi Burcu Koçak , Selvi Mahmut , Sepici-Dinçel Aylin , Çakiroğullari Gül Çelik , Erkoç Figen
Published: June 2012

The sublethal toxicological and genotoxic potential of propoxur, a widely used carbamate insecticide against household pests, in veterinary medicine, and in public health, was evaluated on carp as a model species (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) using the erythrocyte micronucleus test. Based on the 96-h lethal concentration, 50% (LC50) data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ECOTOX Database (10 mg/L), a sublethal exposure concentration of 5 mg/L was used under static bioassay laboratory conditions. Histopathological evaluation showed no significant changes in spleen, intestine, muscle, or skin tissues. However, the following conditions were recorded: hyperemia, branchitis in primary lamella, and telangiectasis, hyperplasia, fusion, epithelial lifting, and epithelial desquamation in secondary lamella of gill tissues; hemorrhage, destruction, prenephritis, and inflammation and desquamation in the tubules; edema in the kidney; passive hyperemia, albumin, and hydropic degeneration in the liver; and hyperemia, chromatolysis, and glial proliferation in brain tissues. No statistically significant increases in micronuclei frequencies were found. Hematological parameters showed decreased hematocrit values and mean corpuscular volume values, as well as increased erythrocyte and leukocyte counts compared with the control group (p < 0.01). Plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, phosphorus, sodium, total plasma protein, chloride, and aspartate aminotransferase levels were increased (p < 0.01). Only plasma calcium and potassium levels decreased in the experimental group. Propoxur has an ecotoxicological potential on fish, a nontarget organism. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2085–2092. © 2012 SETAC
Multidisciplinary therapy consisting of minimally invasive resection, irradiation, and intra‐arterial infusion of 5‐fluorouracil for maxillary sinus carcinomas
Authors: Nishino Hiroshi , Takanosawa Minako , Kawada Kazumi , Kanazawa Takeharu , Ichimura Keiichi , Takahashi Satoru , Nakazawa Masanori
Published: June 2012

Background

Current goals for the treatment of maxillary sinus carcinoma include the preservation of vision, eating, communication, and appearance, as well as the achievement of a cure.

Methods

Japanese patients (n = 121) with maxillary sinus carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent multidisciplinary therapy including minimally invasive resection, 20 Gy irradiation, and intra‐arterial infusion of 5‐fluorouracil.

Results

The 5‐ and 10‐year overall survival rates were 73% and 68%, respectively. In 97 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the 5‐ and 10‐year overall survival rates were 76% and 70%, respectively. All 29 patients with orbital invasion retained the orbital contents, and 21 of these patients demonstrated adequate visual acuity. There were 16 complications, including trismus (5 patients), double vision (5 patients), fistula formation (3 patients), and cataract (3 patients).

Conclusion

A multidisciplinary therapy, consisting of minimally invasive resection, irradiation, and regional chemotherapy, can yield good patient prognosis and quality of life after treatment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Emerging understanding of dosimetric factors impacting on dysphagia and nutrition following radiotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Cartmill Bena , Cornwell Petrea , Ward Elizabeth , Davidson Wendy , Nund Rebecca , Bettington Catherine , Rahbari Reza Masoud , Poulsen Michael , Porceddu Sandro
Published: June 2012

Background

Research has reported relationships between 3‐dimensional (3D) radiation dose to head and neck structures and consequential swallowing/nutritional outcomes. However, this evidence is preliminary. The current study aimed to identify which reported dose constraints identified functional impairment at 6 months posttreatment.

Methods

Dose constraints with reported relationships to swallowing and nutrition were identified through a systematic literature review. Dose–volume histograms for 12 patients with T1–T3 oropharyngeal cancer treated with 3D conformal radiotherapy determined dosages delivered to specific structures. Doses were examined in relation to published dose constraints and the swallowing and nutritional outcomes at 6 months posttreatment.

Results

In all, 66% of the reported mean, maximum, and partial doses to 8 structures correctly identified swallowing and nutrition outcomes at 6 months.

Conclusion

The relationships observed between known dosimetric constraints and functional outcomes highlight the potential for dosimetric data to assist in prognosis and treatment. Systematic research is required to refine dosimetric parameters and the impact on functional outcomes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Predictive value of metastatic cervical lymph node ratio in papillary thyroid carcinoma recurrence
Authors: Yip Jonathan , Orlov Steven , Orlov David , Vaisman Alon , Hernández Karen Gómez , Etarsky Daniel , Kak Ipshita , Parvinnejad Nikoo , Freeman Jeremy L. , Walfish Paul G.
Published: June 2012

Background

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the proportion of metastatic cervical lymph nodes resected (metastatic lymph node ratio [MLNR]) predicted papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) recurrence, and whether MLNR could alter the predictive ability of TNM nodal classification for recurrence in PTC.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of patients with PTC who underwent a total or near‐total thyroidectomy with at least 1 lymph node removed at our institution.

Results

Of 253 patients, 35 (13.8%) developed recurrent disease. The total MLNR (ratio between total metastatic lymph nodes and total number of lymph nodes resected) independently predicted PTC recurrence (odds ratio [OR], 1.024; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.010–1.039; p = .001). In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, TNM nodal classification with total MLNR had greater accuracy in predicting PTC recurrence than did TNM nodal classification alone (0.726 and 0.675, respectively).

Conclusion

MLNR is an independent predictor of PTC recurrence and enhances the predictive value of TNM nodal classification. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Investigation of Residual Hepatitis C Virus in Presumed Recovered Subjects
Authors: Fujiwara Kei , Allison Robert D. , Wang Richard Y. , Bare Patricia , Matsuura Kentaro , Schechterly Cathy , Murthy Krishna , Marincola Francesco M. , Alter Harvey J.
Published: June 2012

Recent studies have found hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the majority of presumed recovered subjects. We investigated this unexpected finding using samples from patients whose HCV RNA and anti-HCV status had been serially confirmed. HCV RNA was detected in PBMCs from 66 of 67 chronic HCV carriers. Subpopulation analysis revealed that the viral load (log copies/106 cells) in B cells (4.14 ± 0.71) was higher than in total PBMCs (3.62 ± 0.71;

P

< 0.05), T cells (1.67 ± 0.88;

P

< 0.05), and non-B/T cells (2.48 ± 1.15;

P

< 0.05). HCV negative-strand RNA was not detected in PBMCs from any of 25 chronically infected patients. No residual viral RNA was detected in total PBMCs or plasma of 59 presumed recovered subjects (11 spontaneous and 48 treatment induced) using nested real-time polymerase chain reaction with a detection limit of 2 copies/μg RNA (from ˜1 × 106 cells). PBMCs from 2 healthy HCV-negative blood donors became HCV RNA positive, with B-cell predominance, when mixed

in vitro

with HCV RNA–positive plasma, thus passively mimicking cells from chronic HCV carriers. No residual HCV was detected in liver or other tissues from 2 spontaneously recovered chimpanzees.

Conclusion:

(1) HCV RNA was detected in PBMCs of most chronic HCV carriers and was predominant in the B-cell subpopulation; (2) HCV detected in PBMCs was in a nonreplicative form; (3) HCV passively adsorbed to PBMCs of healthy controls

in vitro

, becoming indistinguishable from PBMCs of chronic HCV carriers; and (4) residual HCV was not detected in plasma or PBMCs of any spontaneous or treatment-recovered subjects or in chimpanzee liver, suggesting that the classic pattern of recovery from HCV infection is generally equivalent to viral eradication.
Golgi complex fragmentation in G2/M transition: An organelle‐based cell‐cycle checkpoint
Authors: Corda Daniela , Barretta Maria Luisa , Cervigni Romina Ines , Colanzi Antonino
Published: June 2012

In mammalian cells, the Golgi complex is organized into a continuous membranous system known as the Golgi ribbon, which is formed by individual Golgi stacks that are laterally connected by tubular bridges. During mitosis, the Golgi ribbon undergoes extensive fragmentation through a multistage process that is required for its correct partitioning into the daughter cells. Importantly, inhibition of this Golgi disassembly results in cell‐cycle arrest at the G2 stage, suggesting that accurate inheritance of the Golgi complex is monitored by a “Golgi mitotic checkpoint.” Here, we discuss the mechanisms and regulation of the Golgi ribbon breakdown and briefly comment on how Golgi partitioning may inhibit G2/M transition. © 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 64(8): 661–670, 2012
Metformin reverses hexokinase and phosphofructokinase downregulation and intracellular distribution in the heart of diabetic mice
Authors: Da Silva Daniel , Ausina Priscila , Alencar Edgard M. , Coelho Wagner S. , Zancan Patricia , Sola‐Penna Mauro
Published: June 2012

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia and its associated complications, including cardiomyopathy. Metformin, in addition to lowering blood glucose levels, provides cardioprotection for diabetic subjects. Glycolysis is essential to cardiac metabolism and its reduction may contribute to diabetic cardiomyopathy. Hexokinase (HK) and phosphofructokinase (PFK), rate‐limiting enzymes of glycolysis, are downregulated in cardiac muscle from diabetic subjects, playing a central role on the decreased glucose utilization in the heart of diabetic subjects. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether metformin modulates heart HK and PFK from diabetic mice. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection on male Swiss mice, which were treated for three consecutive days with 250 mg/kg metformin before evaluating HK and PFK activity, expression, and intracellular distribution on the heart of these subjects. We show that metformin abrogates the downregulation of HK and PFK in the heart of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice. This effect is not correlated to alteration on the enzymes' transcription and expression. However, the intracellular distribution of both enzymes is altered in diabetic hearts that show increased activity of the soluble fraction when compared to the particulate fraction. Moreover, this pattern is reversed upon the treatment with metformin, which is correlated with the effects of the drug on the enzymes activity. Altogether, our results support evidences that metformin alter the intracellular localization of HK and PFK augmenting glucose utilization by diabetic hearts and, thus, conferring cardiac protection to diabetic subjects. © 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 64(9): 766–774, 2012
Doppler velocimetry of the orbital vessels in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia
Authors: Matias Denise Silva , Costa Rigman Ferraz , Matias Bruno Silva , Cláudio Lemos Correia Luis
Published: June 2012

Hypertension is one of the most common clinical complications during pregnancy. Preeclampsia, in particular, still accounts for high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Hemodynamic studies have shown that general arteriolar vasoconstriction, which leads to hypoperfusion of target organs, including the eye area, remains the most significant pathological change in preeclampsia. Color Doppler imaging is the most appropriate and the commonly used method for the study of ocular circulation, especially during pregnancy. It enables the visualization and flow measurement of retrobulbar blood vessels. The aim of this review is to evaluate studies that investigated the role of Doppler velocimetry of the maternal orbital vessels, especially the ophthalmic artery, as a tool for the differential diagnosis of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, for the assessment of the degree and severity of preeclampsia, and for the prediction of these disturbances. The analysis of these studies indicates that the Doppler variables are accurate in the differential diagnosis of hypertensive disorders and in assessing the severity and progression of the preeclampsia and may also be useful markers in the treatment and management of pregnancy‐induced hypertension. We found no study evaluating the role of orbital vessels Doppler variables in predicting preeclampsia or in the prognosis of maternal‐fetal adverse events. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2012
Quantitative and multicomponent analysis of prevalent urinary calculi using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Chiu Yichun , Huang Yi‐Yu , Chen Po‐An , Lu Shing‐Hwa , Chiu Allen W. , Chiang Huihua Kenny
Published: June 2012

This study established a quantitative micro‐Raman spectroscopic (MRS) method for measuring multicomponents (binary and ternary compositions) of prevalent urine calculi extracted from the ureter after the ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) procedure. The analysis used calibration curves of known mixtures of synthetically prepared calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), hydroxyapatite (HAP), calcium oxalate dehydrate (COD), dicalcium phosphate dehydrate (DCPD), and uric acid. A variety of samples of binary and ternary mixtures including COM/HAP, COM/COD, COD/HAP, COM/uric acid, COD/uric acid, HAP/uric acid, HAP/DCPD, and COM/COD/HAP were prepared in various concentration ratios for use as the basis of the quantitative analysis. Intensities of the characteristic bands at 961 cm−1 (IHAP), 986 cm−1 (IDCPD), 1402 cm−1 (IUricAcid), 1462 cm−1 (ICOM), and 1477 cm−1 (ICOD) were used for the calculation. We derived a set of quantitative analysis equations for the ternary composition COD/COM/HAP group by combining two binary equations from the groups COM/COD and the HAP/COM. This study quantitatively measured 18 urine samples extracted from the 18 patients' ureters after the URSL procedure. Fifteen samples were binary mixtures, whereas three samples were ternary mixtures. This research successfully applied the quantitative MRS‐based analysis technique from bench to bedside. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of oxygen in dental enamel following tooth bleaching using confocal micro Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Silveira João Miguel , Longelin Stephane , Mata António Duarte , Carvalho Maria Luísa
Published: June 2012

Oxygen is a polymerization inhibitor of 2,2‐bis[4‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methacryloxypropoxy) phenyl]propane (Bis‐GMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, a basic constituent of most dental adhesive materials. Some hypothesis that oxygen remains in tooth mineralized tissues following some dental treatments and thus reducing adhesive forces and compromising the restorative treatments, have been advanced, but no experimental demonstration has been conducted. We used for the first time a confocal micro Raman technique to successfully identify the presence of oxygen generated by tooth bleaching products in tooth enamel surface, hence, helping to provide confirmation for this theory. This new data result from a multidisciplinary research approach between physics and dentistry is pioneering and could in the future support dental treatment protocol changes, increasing productivity and patient's benefits. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conformational and structural studies of n‐propylamine from temperature dependent Raman and far infrared spectra of xenon solutions and ab initio calculations
Authors: Durig James R. , Darkhalil Ikhlas D. , Klaassen Joshua J. , Herrebout Wouter A. , Dom Johan J. J. , van der Veken Benjamin J.
Published: June 2012

The Raman and infrared spectra (4000 to 50 cm–1) of the gas, liquid or solution, and solid have been recorded of n‐propylamine, CH3CH2CH2NH2. Variable temperature (−60 to −100 °C) studies of the Raman (1175 to 625 cm–1) and far infrared (600 to 10 cm–1) spectra dissolved in liquid xenon were carried out. From these data, the five possible conformers were identified and their relative stabilities obtained with enthalpy difference relative to trans–trans (Tt) for trans–gauche (Tg) of 79 ± 9 cm–1 (0.9 ± 0.1 kJ/mol); for Gg of 91 ± 26 cm–1 (1.08 ± 0.3 kJ/mol); for Gg′ of 135 ± 21 cm–1 (1.61 ± 0.2 kJ/mol); for Gt of 143 ± 11 cm–1 (1.71 ± 0.1 kJ/mol). The percentage of the five conformers is estimated to be 18% for the Tt, 24 ± 1% for Tg, 23 ± 3% for Gg, 18 ± 1% for Gg′ and 18 ± 1% for Gt at ambient temperature. The conformational stabilities have been predicted from ab initio calculations utilizing several different basis sets up to aug‐cc‐pVTZ from both second‐order Møller–Plesset (MP2, full) and density functional theory calculations by the Becke, three‐parameter, Lee–Yang–Parr method. Vibrational assignments were provided for the observed bands for all five conformers, which are supported by MP2(full)/6‐31G(d) ab initio calculations to predict harmonic force constants, wavenumbers, infrared intensities, Raman activities and depolarization ratios for both conformers. Estimated r0 structural parameters were obtained from adjusted MP2(full)/6‐311+G(d,p) calculations. The results are discussed and compared with the corresponding properties of some related molecules. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automated identification of components in a chemical mixture utilizing multi‐wavelength resonant‐Raman spectroscopy and a Pearson correlation algorithm
Authors: Lunsford Robert , Gillis David , Grun Jacob , Bowles Jeff , Kunapareddy Pratima , Manka Charles , Nikitin Sergei
Published: June 2012

In complex environments, the ability to identify the constituent chemicals within a mixture is extremely important. By utilizing a Pearson correlation algorithm to compare sets of multi‐wavelength resonance‐Raman signatures, we demonstrate the automated identification of chemicals within a mixture. Applying a linear mixture model, we are also able to estimate the fractional volumetric abundances contained therein. The multi‐wavelength resonance‐Raman signature used for identification is obtained by illuminating the unknown mixture with a series of 21 sequential laser wavelengths. This signature is then compared with the signatures of a set of known chemicals. By maximizing the Pearson correlation coefficient between the signature of the mixture and a weighted superposition of the signatures of the pure chemicals, we are able to determine the mixture components with 100% accuracy. The linear superposition of the selected chemicals, which minimizes the least squares distance between the signatures of the mixture, and its mathematical recreation determines the corresponding fraction, by volume, of each chemical within the mixture. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibronic coupling and excited‐state reaction dynamics of pyrazine in 1 1B2u (1ππ*) state by resonance Raman spectroscopy and CASSCF calculation
Authors: Guo Jian‐Li , Liu Chong , Xie Bin‐Bin , Zhao Yan‐Ying , Pei Ke‐Mei , Wang Hui‐Gang , Zheng Xuming , Ai Yue‐Jie , Chen Xue‐Bo , Fang Wei‐Hai , Yeung Chi Shun
Published: June 2012

The photophysics and photochemistry of pyrazine (C4H4N2, D2h) after excitation to the S2 (1 1B2u, 1ππ*) electronic state were studied by using the resonance Raman spectroscopy and complete active space self‐consistent field method calculations. The B‐band resonance Raman spectra in cyclohexane solvent were obtained at 266.0, 252.7, and 245.9 nm excitation wavelengths to probe the structural dynamics of pyrazine in the S2 (1 1B2u, 1ππ*) state. Three electronic states 1 1B3u, 1 1B1g, and 1 1B2g were found to couple with the S2 (1 1B2u, 1ππ*) state. Two conical intersection (CI) points CI[S2(B2u)/S1(B3u)] and CI[S1/S0] and one transition state of the isomerization between pyrazine and pyrimidine were predicted to play important roles in the photochemistry of pyrazine. On the basis of the calculations, the mechanism of the photoisomerization reaction between pyrazine and pyrimidine has been proposed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding tip‐enhanced Raman spectra of biological molecules: a combined Raman, SERS and TERS study
Authors: Blum Carolin , Schmid Thomas , Opilik Lothar , Weidmann Simon , Fagerer Stephan R. , Zenobi Renato
Published: June 2012

Although conventional Raman, surface‐enhanced Raman (SERS) and tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) have been known for a long time, a direct, thorough comparison of these three methods has never been carried out. In this paper, spectra that were obtained by conventional Raman, SERS (on gold and silver substrates) and TERS (in ‘gap mode’ with silver tips and gold substrates) are compared to learn from their differences and similarities. Because the investigation of biological samples by TERS has recently become a hot topic, this work focuses on biologically relevant substances. Starting from the TER spectra of bovine serum albumin as an example for a protein, the dipeptides Phe–Phe and Tyr–Tyr and the tripeptide Tyr–Tyr–Tyr were investigated. The major findings were as follows. (1) We show that the widely used assumption that spectral bands do not shift when comparing SER, TER and conventional Raman spectra (except due to binding to the metal surface in SERS or TERS) is valid. However, band intensity ratios can differ significantly between these three methods. (2) Marker bands can be assigned, which should allow one to identify and localize proteins in complex biological environments in future investigations. From our results, general guidelines for the interpretation of TER spectra are proposed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased nerve vascularization detected by color doppler sonography in patients with ulnar neuropathy at the elbow indicates axonal damage
Authors: Frijlink Daphne W. , Brekelmans Geert J.F. , Visser Leo H.
Published: June 2012

Introduction: The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of increased intraneural vascularization detected by ultrasonography (IVUS) in patients with ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) and to determine its relationship to clinical, ultrasonographic, and electrodiagnostic findings. Methods: High‐resolution ultrasonography and color Doppler imaging were performed in 137 patients with confirmed UNE, 24 patient controls, and 70 healthy controls (HCs). Results: IVUS was found in 21 (15%) of 137 patients with UNE, in 1 (4%) of 24 patient controls, and in 0 of 70 HCs (P = 0.001). Patients with IVUS were more likely to have severe weakness (P = 0.01), severe atrophy of ulnar‐innervated muscles (P = 0.008), axonal damage (P = 0.001), and more pronounced nerve enlargement (P = 0.03) than those without IVUS. Conclusions: IVUS in the ulnar nerve can be detected in patients with UNE and is associated with nerve enlargement and clinical and electrodiagnostic severity. In addition, IVUS is associated with axonal damage. Muscle Nerve, 2013
Transfer of normal S1 nerve root to reinnervate atonic bladder due to conus medullaris injury
Authors: Lin Haodong , Hou Chunlin
Published: June 2012

Introduction: Neurogenic bladder dysfunction after spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major medical and social problem. In this study we assessed the effectiveness of neurogenic bladder reinnervation in patients with SCI using a normal S1 nerve root. Methods: Nine patients with bladder dysfunction caused by injury to the low conus medullaris (S2–S5) underwent a novel surgical procedure in which the unilateral proximal end of the S1 ventral root (VR) was anastomosed to the distal end of the S2 and S3 VRs. Results: Seven patients regained satisfactory bladder control within 8–12 months after VR microanastomosis. The average residual urine volume decreased from 186.0 ± 35.0 ml to 43.0 ± 10.0 ml, and no urinary infections occurred. Conclusions: These results suggest the effectiveness of bladder innervation by S1 nerve transfer, which could provide a new approach for the reconstruction of atonic bladder function caused by low conus medullaris injuries. Muscle Nerve, 2013
Desiccation shrinkage of non‐clayey soils: multiphysics mechanisms and a microstructural model
Authors: Hu Liang Bo , Péron Hervé , Hueckel Tomasz , Laloui Lyesse
Published: June 2012

Analysis of macroscopic desiccation shrinkage experiments indicates that most, but not all of the shrinkage during drying occurs while soil is still saturated. Shrinkage practically ceases and air starts to penetrate the soil, when the water content is still quite high, for example, above 20% for the tested soils. The remaining, unsaturated drying process occurs with a much‐reduced shrinkage rate. In this context, we examine data of the pore system evolution as represented by the mercury porosimetry experimental results. The process is then modeled as a two‐stage process of deformation and evacuation of a two‐tube vessel system driven by the external evaporation flux. In the first stage, Poiseuille flow occurs through the vessels. The amount of water evaporated in this stage equals to the reduction of volume of the vessel through the deformation of its walls. This stage ends when a negative water pressure (suction) required to further deform the vessel reaches a critical value at which air enters the pore space. Two physical interpretation of such threshold are discussed. In the subsequent stage, evaporation proceeds with a receding liquid/vapor interface starting from the open end, incrementally emptying the vessel but with a marginal water flow and vessel deformation. The leading variables of the process are identified, and a quantifiable multiphysics meso‐scale scenario of models is established. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of endogenous iron deposits in the injured mouse spinal cord through high‐resolution ex vivo and in vivo MRI
Authors: Blomster Linda V. , Cowin Gary J. , Kurniawan Nyoman D. , Ruitenberg Marc J.
Published: June 2012

The main aim of this study was to employ high‐resolution MRI to investigate the spatiotemporal development of pathological features associated with contusive spinal cord injury (SCI) in mice. Experimental mice were subjected to either sham surgery or moderate contusive SCI. A 16.4‐T small‐animal MR system was employed for nondestructive imaging of post‐mortem, fixed spinal cord specimens at the subacute (7 days) and more chronic (28–35 days) stages post‐injury. Routine histological techniques were used for subsequent investigation of the observed neuropathology at the microscopic level. The central core of the lesion appeared as a dark hypo‐intense area on MR images at all time points investigated. Small focal hypo‐intense spots were also observed spreading through the dorsal funiculi proximal and distal to the site of impact, an area that is known to undergo gliosis and Wallerian degeneration in response to injury. Histological examination revealed these hypo‐intense spots to be high in iron content as determined by Prussian blue staining. Quantitative image analysis confirmed the increased presence of iron deposits at all post‐injury time points investigated (p < 0.05). Distant iron deposits were also detectable through live imaging without the use of contrast‐enhancing agents, enabling the longitudinal investigation of this pathology in individual animals. Further immunohistochemical evaluation showed that intracellular iron deposits localised to macrophages/microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the subacute phase of SCI, but predominantly to glial fibrillary acidic protein‐positive, CC‐1‐positive astrocytes at later stages of recovery. Progressive, widespread intracellular iron accumulation is thus a normal feature of SCI in mice, and high‐resolution MRI can be effectively used to detect and monitor these neuropathological changes with time. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic mechanical properties and swelling of UV‐photopolymerized anionic hydrogels
Authors: Saunders Joseph Ryan , Moussa Walied
Published: June 2012

The tensile dynamic mechanical properties and weight degree of swelling for anionic 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐co‐acrylic acid hydrogels were observed. Fabrication parameters examined were UV‐photopolymerization exposure time, UV‐photopolymerization intensity, and weight percentage crosslinker. The environmental conditions tested were electrolyte compositions of 0.5 and 0.05 M potassium hydroxide under applied frequencies of 0.1, 1, or 10 Hz. The overall maximum and minimum storage modulus was 1.83 ± 0.18 MPa and 68.5 ± 7.2 kPa, respectively, loss modulus was 432 ± 63 and 7.67 ± 3.22 kPa, respectively, and weight degree of swelling was 14.27 ± 1.27 and 1.95 ± 0.33, respectively. The morphology of fabricated hydrogels was examined using scanning electron microscopy showing a range of porous structures over the fabrication and environmental conditions examined, accounting for the variation in mechanical properties. The properties examined are of interest to researchers fabricating, designing, or modeling active hydrogel‐based microfluidic components. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Recent developments in polymeric superoleophobic surfaces
Authors: Xue Zhongxin , Liu Mingjie , Jiang Lei
Published: June 2012

The construction and application of superoleophobic surfaces have aroused worldwide interest during the past few years. These surfaces are of great significance not only for fundamental research but also for various practical applications in self‐cleaning, oil‐repellent coatings, and antibioadhesion. The unique properties of polymers have made them one of the most important materials for constructing superoleophobic materials. This article reviews recent developments in the design, fabrication, and application of polymeric superoleophobic surfaces. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
An advanced gas/vapor permeation system for barrier materials: Design and applications to poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Lee Jong Suk , Chandra Preeti , Burgess Steven K. , Kriegel Robert , Koros William J.
Published: June 2012

A new gas/vapor mixture permeation system is described to investigate the effect of organic molecules on oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in barrier materials. Methanol vapor was considered as a flavor simulant mainly because of its conveniently high diffusion coefficient, which makes the experimental time accessible. A highly accurate syringe pump was used to introduce a desired activity level of vapor into gas feed stream. Adsorption of methanol on high energy surfaces is carefully characterized to prevent underestimation of methanol permeability. A special permeation cell was also developed to study the effect of interacting vapors on O2 and CO2 transport in barrier materials. Systematic permeation measurements were conducted for binary and ternary gas/vapor permeation measurements (e.g., MeOH/O2 and O2/CO2/MeOH) to verify the feasibility of our new vapor/gas permeation system. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
No change in [11C]CUMI‐101 binding to 5‐HT1A receptors after intravenous citalopram in human
Authors: Pinborg Lars H. , Feng Ling , Haahr Mette E. , Gillings Nic , Dyssegaard Agnete , Madsen Jacob , Svarer Claus , Yndgaard Stig , Kjaer Troels W. , Parsey Ramin V. , Hansen Hanne D. , Ettrup Anders , Paulson Olaf B. , Knudsen Gitte M.
Published: June 2012

The main objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity of [11C]CUMI‐101 to citalopram challenge aiming at increasing extracellular 5‐HT. CUMI‐101 has agonistic properties in human embryonic kidney 293 cells transfected with human recombinant 5‐HT1A receptors (Hendry et al. [2011] Nucl Med Biol 38:273–277; Kumar et al. [2006] J Med Chem 49:125–134) and has previously been demonstrated to be sensitive to bolus citalopram in monkeys (Milak et al. [2011] J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 31:243–249). We studied six healthy individuals. Two PET‐scans were performed on the same day in each individual before and after constant infusion of citalopram (0.15 mg/kg). The imaging data were analyzed using two tissue compartment kinetic modeling with metabolite corrected arterial input and Simplified Reference Tissue Modeling using cerebellum as a reference region. There was no significant difference in regional distribution volume or non‐displaceable binding potential values before and after citalopram infusion. The mean receptor occupancy was 0.03 (range −0.14 to 0.17). Our data imply that [11C]CUMI‐101 binding is not sensitive to citalopram infusion in humans. Synapse, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photosynthetic and wood anatomical responses of Tamarixafricana Poiret to water level reduction after short‐term fresh‐ and saline‐water flooding
Authors: Abou Jaoudé Renée , de Dato Giovanbattista , De Angelis Paolo
Published: June 2012

In the Mediterranean basin, Tamarix spp. constitute important populations along rivers and sea coasts, and might be primarily subjected to water level fluctuations and salinization, as a consequence of global climate change. Here, we analyze leaf gas exchange and xylem anatomy during a water level decrease below the soil surface after short‐term flooding with fresh‐ and saline‐water (200 mM) in order to predict Tamarixafricana Poiret responses under future environmental conditions. Fresh‐water level reduction negatively affected stomatal conductance (−56.3 %), but only when water decreased to the lowest level (15 cm below the soil surface). No effects on assimilation rates and xylem vessel dimensions occurred. Under saline conditions, the rate of the water level decrease was lower compared to the non‐saline treatment, as stomatal conductance was negatively affected by salinity (−59.5 %) and significantly declined over time. Moreover, decreases in mean xylem vessel area (−51.3 %), assimilation rates (−52.2 %) and stomatal conductance (−76.0 %) were also observed compared to the control, indicating both an osmotic stress and a toxic effect of NaCl on leaf gas exchange. These leaf responses were probably induced by greater belowground‐root salt absorption and transport compared to previous flooding conditions, as confirmed by the increase in salt excretion (+473.2 %). The results emphasize the survival risk of Tamarix spp. to water level variation under both saline and non‐saline conditions, and the need of management practices focused on the conservation of these populations.
Synergism and Performance Optimization in Liquid Detergents Containing Binary Mixtures of Anionic–Nonionic, and Anionic–Cationic Surfactants
Authors: Jadidi Nazanin , Adib Behrooz , Malihi Farrokh B.
Published: June 2012

In this paper evaluation of surface active and application properties in liquid detergent formulations containing binary mixtures of anionic–nonionic, and anionic–cationic surfactants is discussed. Surfactants used include: linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), alcohol ether sulfate (AES‐2EO), alcohol ethoxylate (AE‐7EO), lauryl dimethyl amine oxide, and alkyl hydroxyethyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (AHDAC). Surface active parameters relating to the effectiveness and efficiency of surface tension reduction were determined from the surface tension data. Non‐ideal solution theory was used to determine the degree of interactions between the two surfactants, and the conditions under which a mixture of two surfactants show synergism in surface active properties. Our data indicated that synergism in mixed surfactants increases with the degree of charge difference between the surfactants. In both mixed micelle and mixed monolayer formation, the degree of interactions between the two surfactants in the mixture increased in the following order: LAS/AE < AES‐2EO/amine oxide < AES‐2EO/AHDAC. This synergistic behavior as presented in this paper leads to unique application properties and improved performance in terms of foam volume, and soil removal which has applications in formulation of dishwashing liquids, and laundry detergents.
Effects of Dodecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide Surfactant on Decolorization of Remazol Blue by a Living Aspergillus versicolor Strain
Authors: Gül Ülküye Dudu , Dönmez Gönül
Published: June 2012

The effect of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB) cationic surfactant on Remazol Blue reactive dye bioremoval properties of a growing Aspergillus versicolor strain in a molasses medium was investigated in a batch system as a function of pH, dye and surfactant concentrations. To determine the optimal pH value in the presence of 0.5 mM DTAB pH 3 to 7 was examined and pH 6 was selected. The dye concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/L were examined with 0.5 mM DTAB and maximum decolorization occurred in 100 mg/L dye (98.8 %). The surfactant concentration of 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 mM DTAB was performed in 100 and 800 mg/L dye. The effect of surfactant concentration (0.1 to 2 mM DTAB) in a fungal growth experiment has shown that DTAB inhibited fungal growth. The decolorization was increased from 53.6 % (dry weight: 1.31 g/L) to 100 % (dry weight:0.93 g/L) while the surfactant concentrations were increased from 0.1 to 1 mM. A. versicolor (dry weight: 0.93 g/L) showed its maximum dye removal activity, namely 100 % in 100 mg/L dye with 1 mM DTAB at pH 6 in 3 days. The use of surfactants in biological wastewater treatment process will save energy and lower energy costs (such as the required energy for treat techniques) by shortening the incubation period. The results showed that the A. versicolor strain, which produces laccase enzyme, can effectively decolorize reactive dyes by the enhancement of DTAB. Surfactant enhanced decolorization technology is one of the feasible approaches to remove textile dye from wastewater.
A model for inference of emotional state based on facial expressions
Authors: Gonçalves Rafael A. M. , Cueva Diego R. , Pereira-Barretto Marcos R. , Cozman Fabio G.
Published: June 2012

Non-verbal communication is of paramount importance in person-to-person interaction, as emotions are an integral part of human beings. A sociable robot should therefore display similar abilities as a way to interact seamlessly with the user. This work proposes a model for inference of conveyed emotion in real situations where a human is talking. It is based on the analysis of instantaneous emotion by Kalman filtering and the continuous movement of the emotional state over an Emotional Surface, resulting in evaluations similar to humans in conducted tests. A simulation-optimization heuristic for system tuning is described and allows easy adaptation to various facial expression analysis applications.
Energy and local energy bounds for the 1-d cubic NLS equation in \( H^{- \frac{1}{4}} \)
Authors: Koch Herbert , Tataru Daniel
Published: June 2012

We consider the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) in one space dimension, either focusing or defocusing. We prove that the solutions satisfy a priori local in time

H^{s}

bounds in terms of the

H^{s}

size of the initial data for

s⩾−\frac{1}{4}

. This improves earlier results of Christ, Colliander and Tao [3] and of the authors (Koch and Tataru, 2007 [13]). The new ingredients are a localization in space and local energy decay, which we hope to be of independent interest.
Dermokine‐β impairs ERK signaling through direct binding to GRP78
Authors: Higashi Kiyoshi , Hasegawa Minoru , Yokoyama Chikako , Tachibana Taro , Mitsui Shinichi , Saito Koichi
Published: June 2012

dermokine‐Beta binds to GRP78 by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)
Workgroup on NAPA's scientific agenda for a national initiative on Alzheimer's disease
Authors:   Alzheimer's Association Expert Advisory Workgroup on NAPA, Khachaturian Zaven S.
Published: June 2012

This report outlines a goal‐directed scientific agenda for a national initiative to overcome the Alzheimer's disease (AD) crisis. The statement, which reflects the collective views and recommendations of leaders in AD research, is intended to aid the implementation of the National Alzheimer's Project Act (NAPA)'s National Plan to defeat AD. The primary public policy aims of this 10‐year scientific agenda are to discover, validate, and develop: (1) a broad range of technologies, tools and algorithms for early detection of people with symptomatic AD, and asymptomatic individuals at elevated risk for AD and other dementias; and (2) a wide range of interventions to preserve and/or restore health and normal neural function, aiming to maintain independent functioning for as long as possible. The long‐term scientific public health objectives of this comprehensive plan are to: (1) reduce the number of people with chronic disabling symptoms who will require prolonged care and, eventually, reduce the number of asymptomatic people at elevated risk for AD/dementia; (2) delay the onset of chronic disability for people with AD and other degenerative brain disorders; and (3) lower the cost and burden of care. The plan calls for significant expansion of research programs to identify and validate the cause(s) and pathogenesis of AD, genetic and epigenetic factors that contribute to AD risk, therapeutic targets that affect disease progression, surrogate biomarkers of AD pathobiology, and technologies for early detection of AD.
Reproducibility of Ultrasound Measurement of Transversus Abdominis During Loaded, Functional Tasks in Asymptomatic Young Adults
Authors: McPherson Sue L. , Watson Todd
Published: June 2012

Objective

To examine the reproducibility of repeat tests of ultrasound imaging (USI) measurement of transversus abdominis (TrA) activation in a single group of asymptomatic adults performing reaching and lifting tasks before and after abdominal drawing‐in technique (ADIM) training in the supine position with TrA USI biofeedback.

Design

Clinical measurement, longitudinal reliability study.

Setting

University laboratory.

Participants

Five male (age, 20.6 ± 4.8 years; body mass index, 25.8 ± 4.5) and 8 female (age, 18.3 ± 0.5 years; body mass index, 24.4 ± 3.3) healthy college students.

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures

Reliability and precision of minimum, maximum, and percentage of change in TrA thickness measures were examined on recorded cine loop images obtained via USI (B‐mode, 7.5 MHz) for 13 asymptomatic adults. Thickness changes of the TrA muscle were measured at rest and during contraction while performing 5 functional, loaded tasks on 3 repeat tests during 3 testing sessions (ie, before ADIM training and 5 minutes and 5 months after ADIM training). The percent thickness change of TrA was calculated as [(thicknessmax – thicknessmin)/thicknessmin] × 100. Reproducibility was examined by using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,k), standard error of measurement (error variance formula), and repeated‐measures analysis of variance.

Results

Ranges of ICC and standard error of measurement values for 3 repeat tests per testing session were high and precise for single measures of minimum thickness per task (session 1: 0.68‐0.93, 0.24‐0.37 mm; session 2: 0.62‐0.87, 0.28‐0.44 mm; session 3: 0.79‐0.84, 0.43‐0.56 mm) and for composite measures of maximum thickness (session 1: 0.93, 0.25 mm; session 2: 0.94, 0.37 mm; session 3: 0.95, 0.64 mm) and percent change in thickness (session 1: 0.81, 12%; session 2: 0.94, 14%; session 3: 0.94, 15%). Repeated‐measures analysis of variance indicated significant effects for subjects, but not repeat tests.

Conclusions

This study produced acceptable reproducibility of USI measures of TrA during loaded functional activities.