bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
do patients choose to consume Ayurvedic Medicines in Nepal? An exploratory study
Authors: Kafle Gandhiv , Bhattarai (Sharma) Indira , Shrestha Arjun Kumar , Siwakoti Mohan
Published: December 2021

Ayurvedic medicines are believed to bring harmony and balance in mind, body, spiritual well-being and social welfare of human. The reasons for preference for these medicines are of great interest for exploration. This study was carried out in Nepal in 2017 to explore the reasons for choosing to consume Ayurvedic medicines, with support of a separate survey focusing on these medicines containing Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora. An online survey (n=58) and face to face interviews (n=406) were administered using structured questionnaires to explore those reasons for choice. Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora (Pennell) D. Y. Hong (Scrophulariaceae) is a perennial alpine herb found in the subalpine as well as alpine zone of the eastern Himalayas comprising Sikkim, Nepal, Bhutan and China. Its rhizomes are medicinally important and in trade. Fewer or no side effects, preference to natural way of healing, belief regarding healing of disease, ease of access (availability and cost), and advertisement and recommendation from others were the major reasons that the patients chose to consume Ayurvedic medicines for own's healing. In case of Ayurvedic medicines containing Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora, majority of the patients believed that these medicines have fewer or no side effects, can cure illness particularly for long run of chronic diseases, were cheaper than allopathic medicines, were easily available to purchase and were recommended by family members. Healing was not successful in past from allopathic and other types of medicines of majority of the patients who preferred to consume Ayurvedic medicines containing Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora. Further scientific studies and interventions are recommended for concerned health authorities and nursing practitioners of Nepal to test and validate the safety and effectiveness of the consumption of Ayurvedic medicines.
Memories and reflections on the “socialist” urban center
Authors: Bogdanova Zlatina
Published: December 2021

Based on empirical research in Asenovgrad, this paper discusses socially constructed spaces during socialism and how they were used to impose and legitimize power. It proposes alternate perspectives towards socialism and its material culture expressed in the creation of modern architectural ensembles in the town center. Socialist architecture was a power statement which imposed new values and ideas. These buildings were markers of state authority which sent a powerful message for the renewal of society by breaking away from older, pre-socialist traditions. Among the issues examined here is the significance of the urban square and its surrounding buildings for residents of Asenovgrad today; how is the town’s center perceived in the collective memory? The analysis concludes by exploring the relationship between architecture and ideology in the way social reality was constructed, instrumentalised and offering insight into how the socialist regime was legitimized through material culture, artifacts, and buildings.
Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord in functional vitamin B12 Deficiency states
Authors:   Queen Elizabeth Hospital NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK, Englezou Christina , Liang Di ,   Queen Elizabeth Hospital NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
Published: December 2021

Vitamin B12 is an essential enzymatic cofactor in multiple cellular metabolic pathways. Deficiency states can arise as a result of both depletion of absolute systemic levels and pathological processes that block its ability to act as an enzymatic cofactor. The latter is also known as functional vitamin B12 deficiency. This can cause a variety of systemic, haematological, and neurological manifestations, some of which may be irreversible if not promptly treated. Neurological syndromes include subacute combined degeneration of the cord (SCDC), peripheral, optic, and autonomic neuropathies, and neuropsychiatric or cognitive deficits. This review presents a case series of vitamin B12 deficiencies leading to SCDC, and we include the clinical features, significant investigations, treatments, and prognoses.
ETHNICITY AND VALUES
Authors: Lewis David. C.
Published: December 2021

Cultures change in many ways but some basic values within the culture tend to remain over longer periods. Compared with some other potential markers of ethnicity, which may apply to only a certain part of an ethnic group, some traditional values are adhered to by most or perhaps even all members of the ethnic group. Over time, many core values of a culture remain relatively strong even though the manifestations of those values might gradually change. As such, certain cultural values can be regarded as stronger markers of ethnic or cultural identity than some other features of the culture which are more transient.
Case report: three different primary tumours of the bladder
Authors: Adelekan M , Richards D
Published: December 2021

Cancer of the bladder is a common disease, the commonest tumour encountered by urologists. Tumours of different histological type arising from multiple sites in a bladder are not common. This case is presented to illustrate a situation where three different histological types of bladder tumour arose at different times within five years
Filtration efficiency of face masks and veils as protective measures during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   Dept. of Biomedical Physics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Al-Hadyan Khaled S. , Alsbeih Ghazi A. Alsbeih ,   Dept. of Biomedical Physics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Al-Harbi Najla M. ,   Dept. of Biomedical Physics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Judia Sara S. Bin ,   Dept. of Biomedical Physics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Al- Ghamdi Maha M. ,   Dept. of Biomedical Physics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Al-Ghamdi Salem M. ,   Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology Department, KFSH&RC. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Moftah Belal A. ,   Dept. of Biomedical Physics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Alhmaid Rashed S. ,   General Corporate Consultancy Department, KFSH&RC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Published: December 2021

Wearing face masks have been implemented as a public and personal health control measure against the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, the protection level of nonmedical face masks, such as women face veils, is still uncertain. This study aimed to assess the filtration efficiency (FE; percentage of particles retained by a mask) of different types of medical masks (either as sealed or unsealed, single or doubled), non-medical masks (cloth masks) and face veils. FE of face masks was evaluated using an in-house 3D-printed air duct connected to the Aerotrak particle counter with a capability of counting particle sizes of 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1, 2 and 5 μm. A set of 10 earloop surgical masks,10 tie-on surgical masks, 3 triple-layers reusable cloth masks and 3 types (short, medium and long) of traditional face veils were included in the study. The unsealed surgical masks showed intermediate FE (36.54-80.58%), with no observed differences between tie-on and earloop or single and doubled masks. For each mask type, the mean FE values of sealed surgical masks (FE≥99.16%) was significantly higher (P<0.001) than the unsealed ones (FE≤80.58%). No significant difference was observed in the mean FE values between unsealed surgical masks and either cloth masks (FE=23.19-75.35%, P=0.26) or face veils (FE=19.10- 70.68%, P=0.14). However, a mockup experiment showed that wearing a surgical mask under the face veil significantly improve the FE (33.73-79.18%; P<0.001). We conclude that besides sealed surgical masks that ensure optimal filtration under the experimental conditions, the unsealed surgical and cloth masks and face veils showed comparable performance and acceptable protection at 5 μm particle size, which is the most relevant particle size associated with COVID-19 infectious droplets. Wearing a surgical mask under the face veil significantly improves the FE compared to wearing a face veil alone.
Bounds and extremal graphs of second reformulated Zagreb index for graphs with cyclomatic number at most three
Authors:   Dept. of Mathematical Sciences Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi-221005, INDIA, Rajpoot Abhay , Selvaganesh Lavanya ,   Dept. of Mathematical Sciences Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi-221005, INDIA
Published: December 2021

Miliˇcevi´c et al., in 2004, introduced topological indices known as Reformulated Zagreb indices, where they modified Zagreb indices using the edge-degree instead of vertex degree. In this paper, we present a simple approach to find the upper and lower bounds of the second reformulated Zagreb index, EM2(G), by using six graph operations/transformations. We prove that these operations significantly alter the value of reformulated Zagreb index. We apply these transformations and identify those graphs with cyclomatic number at most 3, namely trees, unicyclic, bicyclic and tricyclic graphs, which attain the upper and lower bounds of second reformulated Zagreb index for graphs.
Water and sediment yield estimation: A case study in Bawashaswar Watershed/ Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Authors:   Department of Geography, College of Education, University of Garmian, Salar Sarkawt G. , Mahmoud Abdulhaq N. ,   Natural Resources Research Center, University of Tikrit, Othman Arsalan A. ,   Iraq Geological Survey, Sulaymaniyah Office, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
Published: December 2021

Water flow in the seasonal streams forms a vital supplier of water resources, particularly in arid and semiarid areas due to its high-water supply from the precipitation during the wet season. This research aims to estimate water and sediment yield in the Bawashaswar watershed, which is far ~90 km from Kirkuk City. It has a semiarid climate and covers an area of 277 km2. The Bawashaswar Dam was constructed —for multi-purposes such as drinking, irrigation, livestock, and tourism— at the outlet of the watershed north of Kifri town. This study aims to give valuable data and information about water and sediment yield within the watershed of the Bawashaswar Dam and the possibility of the investment of the water for the above purposes. The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was integrated with several datasets (such as satellite images, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), land use, land cover, curve number (CN), daily climatic data of temperature, precipitation, and digital soil map) to achieve the results. The estimated results include precipitation, evaporation- transpiration, percolation, surface runoff, water yield, loss of transport, and sediment yield. The results showed that almost all the siltation (>0.5 ton/ha) comes from the western and northern parts of the Bawashaswar Watershed due to the high topographic relief and the high channel discharge there. These results will support the future development plans and management of the watershed through mitigating and minimizing the size of the ground surface degradation problems all over the study area with increasing the lifespan of the Bawashaswar Dam.
On determinantal recurrence relations of banded matrices
Authors:   School of Software, South China Normal University, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, China, Du Zhibin , Fonseca Carlos M. da ,   Kuwait College of Science and Technology, Doha District, Safat 13133, Kuwait, Pereira António ,   Dept. of Mathematics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Published: December 2021

We provide an algorithm based on a less-known result about recurrence relations for the determinants of banded matrices. As a consequence, we prove recent conjectures on the determinants of particular classes of pentadiagonal matrices and simple alternative proofs for other results.
First-principles calculations of elastic and optical properties of Aluminum Nitride (AlN) in cubic and hexagonal phase
Authors:   Dept. of Physics, Assam University, Silchar-788011, Ahmed Burhan , Sharma B. Indrajit ,   Dept. of Physics, Assam University, Silchar-788011
Published: December 2021

Investigation of elastic and optical properties of AlN in rock salt, zinc blende, and wurtzite phase is done under the framework of Density Functional Theory (DFT) with modified Becke Johnson Generalised Gradient Approximation (mBJ-GGA) as exchange-correlation functional. Elastic properties conclude the bonding nature of the AlN in the rock salt phase is covalent and stiffest, while the bonding nature in the zinc blende and wurtzite phase is found to be ionic and less stiff. The ratio of bulk modulus to shear modulus indicates AlN is brittle in all three phases. The calculated Debye temperature in all three phases is in good agreement with the available theoretical and experimental works. The optical properties calculation shows the AlN is transparent in the low energy range and it has the metallic behavior in the energy range 7.5eV to 10 eV. At the same time, the compound loses its transparency at the high energy range. Our calculated value of the refractive index of AlN in the rock salt, zinc blende, and wurtzite phases is in good agreement with the available experimental and theoretical works.
Fabrication of nano battery from CdS quantum dots and organic polymer
Authors:   Dept. of Medical Physics Al Karkh University of Science, Iraq, Kadim Akeel M.
Published: December 2021

Efficient energy storage systems are recharged from the nano batteries; however, the available energy of present nanomaterial batteries remains capable for many applications due to the limited basic charging capacity of the electrode materials. A cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanocrystal (NCs) or quantum dots (QDs) that was prepared by chemical reaction and were fabricated nano battery device using the PVV / Li: graphite / CdS / Al. The optical properties of the CdS QDs were described by the spectrometers of ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis.) and photoluminescence (PL), the results are indicating that the CdS QDs prepared where nanocrystalline structures are formed. The energy gap (Eg) of CdS QDs measured from PL was found to be about 2.69 eV. The CdS QDs led to improving the performs of the nano battery in terms of enhancing the mobility of the carrier's charging and consequently the processes of recombination between CdS QDs and Li-ions. The characteristics of the current-voltage (I-V) indicate acceptable conditions for the generation of light at (3 Volt). The structures can be designed to determine the fundamentals of ion and electron transport for energy storage in nanostructures and to test the limits of three-dimensional nano battery technologies. The nano battery device from semiconductor substance (CdS QDs) with (Li) has been successful in operating the nano battery with a few voltages giving a good current. Fabrication of CdS QDs and Li nano battery devices was involved in enhancing the efficiency of the nano battery devices.
Modified superstructure fiber Bragg grating for a filter application
Authors:   Dept. of Physics, College of Education, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, IQ, Hemed Ayser A. , Fdhala Mayyada M. ,   Distinguished girls’ secondary school, second Karkh Directorate of Education, Baghdad, IQ, Khorsheed Suha M. ,   Dept. of Physics, College of Science, University of Al-Nahrain, Baghdad, IQ
Published: December 2021

Performance of a modified superstructure fiber Bragg grating is carried out by; simulation using a Matlab and then by optisystem7. Results for these two simulations are compared with an experimental investigation for three special FBGs in addition to a standard one. These four FBGs have one, two, three, and four regions. For each region, Bragg wavelength is increased around 6nm, with constant spacing between every two regions. Laser reflectance (R) and transmittance (T) spectra and their corresponding number of peaks and their bandwidths are observed and analyzed in a constant temperature and strain. Results for this investigation indicate enhancement for the modified FBG to be an effective filter that can be employed for communication as well as sense. Filtering the transmitted signals could be satisfied in a simple and more efficiency than the traditional device.
Cryptanalysis and improvement of an encryption scheme that uses elliptic curves over finite fields
Authors:   Dept. of Mathematics Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan, Bashir Malik Zia Ullah , Ali Rashid ,   Dept. of Mathematics Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we cryptanalyzed a recently proposed encryption scheme that uses elliptic curves over a finite field. The security of the proposed scheme depends upon the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem. Two secret keys are used to increase the security strength of the scheme as compared to traditionally used schemes that are based on one secret key. In this scheme, if an adversary gets one secret key then he is unable to get the contents of the original message without the second secret key. Our analysis shows that the proposed scheme is not secure and unable to provide the basic security requirements of the encryption scheme. Due to our successful cryptanalysis, an adversary can get the contents of the original message without the knowledge of the secret keys of the receiver. To mount the attack, Mallory first gets the transmitted ciphertext and then uses public keys of the receiver and global parameters of the scheme to recover the associated plaintext message. To overcome the security flaws, we introduced an improved version of the scheme.
Optical fiber mercury biosensor based on immobilized urease and bromothymol blue onto the alginate-chitosan membrane in the flow-system
Authors:   Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram Jl. Majapahit 62, Mataram West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia 83125, Hermanto Dhony , Mudasir Mudasir ,   Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Gadjah Mada Jl. Sekip Utara BLS 21, Bulaksumur–Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, Siswanta Dwi ,   Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Gadjah Mada Jl. Sekip Utara BLS 21, Bulaksumur–Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, Kuswandi Bambang ,   Chemo and Biosensor Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jember Jl. Kalimantan I/2 Tegalboto Sumbersari, Jember East Java 68121, Indonesia, Ismillayli Nurul ,   Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram Jl. Majapahit 62, Mataram West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia 83125
Published: December 2021

An optical fiber biosensor has been developed for the detection of mercury ion based on inhibition of urease immobilized onto alginate–chitosan membrane, coupled with bromothymol blue (BTB) in the flow system. To get a good performance of the biosensor toward Hg(II) ion detection, the experimental parameters of the biosensor were optimized. Here, the maximum wavelength was detected at 580 nm, with the optimum response at pH of 6. The calibration curve had a dynamic working range at 10 to 500 μg/L of Hg(II) ion with a detection limit of 12.1 μg/L biosensor has been performed by the addition of 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution, in which five-time cycles have been achieved with the inhibition decrease to 9.94% from the original biosensor response. Applying the biosensor to the real samples showed conformity of results with the reference method, cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS). Therefore, this biosensor can be used as a method for routine analysis in the determination of Hg(II) concentration in an aqueous sample.
Improving the Civil-Military Relationship: Diversity and the U.S. Army
Authors: Schuette Cody
Published: December 2021

Although the U.S. Army has significantly increased racial diversity in the aggregate, non-white Americans remain underrepresented as commissioned officers, especially in the General Officer ranks. This is a significant defense policy problem because research shows a strong correlation among the diversity of senior leaders and effectively processing complex information to generate innovative, creative, and efficient solutions. These positive traits of diversity will help General Officers prepare for and manage the long-term and strategic threats posed by peer or near-peer competitors and violent non-state actors. Increased diversity also improves the civil-military relationship by ensuring Army Generals mirror the nation they serve and the soldiers they lead. This paper addresses the lack of racial diversity among U.S. Army General Officers by using descriptive statistical analysis to outline racial diversity trends over the past 10-years and then identifying where and how policies can be most effective. The paper’s findings provide policy makers three options to increase U.S. Army General’s racial diversity.
New Under the Sun? Reframing the Gray Zone in International Security
Authors: Hastey Joshua Adam , Knight Adam
Published: December 2021

Interstate war has been on the decline since the end of the Second World War. After the Cold War ended without a grand conflagration, civil conflicts and the war on terrorism have appeared to displace interstate war as the most pressing loci of security studies. Interstate aggression has become untenable, some have argued. Cooperative grievance resolution and the powerful incentives of economic interdependence have produced a decline in the outbreak of war. Revered scholars of international security have even asked whether we should bother studying the phenomenon anymore. Intrastate conflicts, it seems, are the order of the day. We argue that the contraction of interstate war is more a function of the weight we have accorded 20th century warfare in our conceptualization of interstate war than a real decrease in states’ willingness to employ force to achieve foreign policy ends. A broader approach to interstate war is needed to capture a more consistent conceptualization of the phenomenon. We suggest a framework under which gray zone strategies represent not an emergent phenomenon but a longstanding set of tools within the broader phenomenon of interstate conflict.
Correlation of functional claudication distance with canal diameter in patients with lumbar canal stenosis: a preliminary report
Authors: Singh Gurjant , Sharma Sunita , Kumar Parveen , Goyal Manu , John Samuel Asir
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Neurogenic claudication is the classic clinical presentation of patients with lumbar canal stenosis. Several studies have addressed the assessment of such patients, but the impact of such change in canal diameter on the distance of walking is still to be identified. The study aimed to assess the functional claudication distance in relation to the canal diameter change in patients with lumbar canal stenosis.

Methods

Overall, 50 patients presenting with lumbar canal stenosis with the canal diameter of 8–12 mm at the level of L4 and below were recruited for this study. Individuals with trauma or associated fracture, laminectomy, or congenital stenosis were excluded. The demographic characteristics and anthropometrics of each patient were established. Canal diameter was documented with the help of magnetic resonance imaging. For functional claudication distance measurement, the participants were asked to walk on a treadmill up to the distance at which they preferred to stop owing to pain.

Results

The mean ± standard deviation (95% CI) of canal diameter and functional claudication distance were found to be 10.33 ± 1.26 mm (10.00–10.69) and 141.29 ± 44.20 m (130–153.44), respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient determined a moderate to good positive correlation (r = 0.73) between lumbar canal diameter and functional claudication distance.

Conclusions

The study concluded that an increase in the anteroposterior canal diameter might increase functional claudication distance or vice versa. The results may be helpful in estimating the distance of walking in patients with lumbar canal stenosis.
Analisis Strategi Bauran Pemasaran Eceran (Retail Marketing Mix) Yang Menentukan Tingkat Kepuasan Konsumen Swalayan Maju Bersama
Authors: Sopang Fandi Iskandar
Published: December 2021

Swalayan Maju Bersama sebagai perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang Ritel yang menawarkan barang-barang kebutuhan rumah tangga bagi masyarakat mulai berbenah diri dengan meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan yang baik di mata konsumen, hal itu dilakukan dengan harapan kepuasan konsumen terpenuhi sehingga mampu bersaing dengan perusahaan ritel sejenis lainnya. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui sejauhmana faktor keragaman produk, layanan toko, atmosfer toko, harga, promosi dan lokasi dalam menentukan tingkat kepuasan pengangan di Swalayan Maju Bersama. Populasi yang diambil adalah konsumen Swalayan Maju Bersama, dimana setiap orang yang melakukan aktivitas berbelanja pada Swalayan Maju Bersama. Sampel diambil sebanyak 98 konsumen. Metode pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dengan teknik matrix important and performance sehingga menggunakan sampel ganda berpasangan dengan perhitungan Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan secara keseluruhan konsumen Swalayan Maju Bersama merasa tidak puas akan kinerja Swalayan Maju Bersama. Namun demikian ada faktor dimana konsumen merasa puas. Oleh karena itu disarankan kepada pihak Swalayan Maju Bersama untuk memperbaiki dan meningkatkan kinerjanya dalam memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen agar konsumen merasa sangat puas. Sedangkan pada faktor dimana konsumen merasa puas, hendaknya Swalayan Maju Bersama dapat mempertahankan prestasinya dan lebih ditingkatkan lagi.
Pengaruh Zikir Terhadap Penurunan Kecemasan Terhadap Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 Komunitas Tarekat Syattariyah Di Kecamatan Medan Denai
Authors: Sholahuddin Ashani Nurfadillah Rizki Damanik, Safria Andy,
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang pengaruh zikir terhadap penurunan kecemasan di masa pandemi Covid-19. Berbagai bentuk kecemasan yang terjadi pada manusia yang terdampak Covid-19 sehingga memberi efek cemas, gelisah, khawatir pada diri mereka. Tujuan yang hendak dicapai dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan memahami serta merasakan ketenangan dalam hati dari terapi zikir. Zikir merupakan kalimat-kalimat pujian kepada Allah Swt dan berupa jalan untuk lebih dekat dengan Allah Swt. Zikir dapat membebaskan seseorang dari rasa cemas dan trauma di masa pandemi Covid-19 yang terjadi pada tahun 2020. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan lapangan disertai dengan pendekatan literatur (buku-buku, artikel, jurnal, skripsi dan tesis). Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data skunder. Berdasarkan analisis temuan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa zikir dapat membantu menurunkan tingkat kecemasan di masa pandemi Covid-19. Fakta dilapangan menyebutkan bahwasannya masyarakat terdampak Covid-19 yang berzikir merasa hatinya menjadi lebih tenang dan lebih ikhlas dalam menghadapi musibah. Selalu berbaik sangka kepada Allah Swt atas ujian yang diberikan melalui Covid-19 ini. Masyarakat yang berzikir semakin bertawakal dan beriman kepada Allah Swt, sehingga membuat mereka tidak merasa takut dan cemas menghadapi pandemi Covid-19.
Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Dalam Tradisi Tingkeban Budaya Masyarakat Suku Jawa Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Filosofis
Authors: Sarbaini Weni
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeksripsikan nilai nilai Pendidikan dalam tradisi tingkeban budaya masyarakat suku Jawa dari perspektif filosofis. Motode pada penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Peneliti dalam mengumpulkan data primer dari hasil observasi dan wawancara serta data sekunder dari kajian pustaka. Dalam mencapai hasil penelitian tersebut, peneliti menggunakan kajian filsafat seperti epsitemology, aksiology dan kosmology. Kemudian dari beberapa pertanyaan yang dimunculkan akan dianalisis untuk mendeskripsikan atau menggambarkan sebuah objek yang berhubungan dengan penelitian serta bertujuan untuk mencari dan menemukan proses dan nilai – nilai pendidikan yang ada dalam tradisi tingkeban budaya masyarakat suku Jawa. Dalam penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa nilai - nilai Pendidikan dalam tradisi tingkeban budaya masyarakat suku Jawa adalah nilai religi, nilai sosial, nilai ekonomi, dan nilai estetika.
The Manners Of Cognitive Processin Translating English Phrasal Verbs Into Indonesian
Authors: Rahmad Husein Fitri Ervina Tarigan, Anni Holila Pulungan,
Published: December 2021

This study dealt with the cognitive process of students in translating English Phrasal Verbs into Indonesian  by using the think-aloud protocol (TAP) technique and introspective interview. The objectives of the study was1) to elaboratethe manner of cognitive processes occurring in translating English Phrasal Verbs into Indonesian . This research was conducted by descriptive qualitative design. The source of data was the bilingual students, they were sixth semester students of English Education Program  at State University of Medan. The source of data were taken by using Snowballing Technique.  The data consisted of the transcription of audio recorded observation of think-aloud protocols (TAP), and the transcription of interview. The findings showed that there are six  behaviors available during the process of translation done by the students, namely 1) reading the text, 2) alternating between the SL and the TL 3) monitoring the proposed translation, 4) consulting the dictionary 5) paraphrasing, and 6) translation. The cognitive processes occur when  the subjects 1) read the text, either they read the whole SL  or segment by segment, 2) kept repeating the term (the lexical) which indicates hesitation, questioning, and remembering the real meaning 3) were not able to make decision for an equivalent,  4) did not understand the meaning of verbs  and consult the dictionary, 6) tried to clarify a concept and reformulate a proposed translation by paraphrase, and 7) wrote down a translation and express it orally.
ANALISIS KINERJA STABILITAS CAMPURAN ASPAL BETON YANG DITAMBAH PLASTIK HDPE
Authors: Kumita Kumita , Jaslidan Jaslidan
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik marshall laston (ac-wc) dengan tambahan irisan limbah plastik high density polyethylene (HDPE) 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% dan 25% terhadap berat aspal dengan cara kering, mengetahui pengaruh penambahan waktu rendaman 30 menit dan 24 jam, dan mengetahui stabilitas aspal modifikasi. Rancangan penelitian berupa pengumpulan data berguna bagi proses penelitian. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil penyelidikan pengujian Marshall benda uji campuran AC-WC disebut data primer, sedangkan data sekunder merupakan data pendukung yang diperoleh dari brosur produksi material dan literatur lainnya. Metode pengujian mengikuti prosedur Marshall, AASHTO dan Bina Marga atau standar lainnya. Adapun prosedur penelitian ini terbagi atas beberapa tahap, yaitu pengujian sifat-sifat fisis aspal yang ditambah plastik HDPE, perencanaan campuran beton aspal. Metode Marshall, pembuatan benda uji, penentuan berat jenis bulk benda uji, pengujian stabilitas dan flow dengan alat Marshall, pengujian durabilitas dan perhitungan parameter Marshall lainnya dari benda uji. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian dan pembahasan mengenai karakteristik campuran AC-WC dengan penambahan variasi persentase limbah plastik HDPE dengan cara kering disimpulkan bahwa pada campuran dengan tambahan limbah plastik HDPE 10% memiliki nilai stabilitas maksimum selama waktu perendaman 24 jam pada suhu 600c yaitu 1140,62 Kg, dan bertambahnya persentse limbah plastik HDPE, maka nilai stabilitas semakin menurun pada rendaman 24 jam, pada substitusi HDPE 25% nilai stabilitas menurun 974,99 Kg, namun masih memenuhi persyaran yaitu ≥  800 Kg
NEGARA DAN KEMANUSIAAN: SEBUAH ESAI REFLEKSI
Authors: Hadi Shaummil
Published: December 2021

Tulisan ini adalah sebuah esai politik yang mendiskusikan negara dan masalah kemanusiaan dalam perspektif ilmu hubungan internasional. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam esai ini adalah pendekatan reflektif. Adapun, dalam ilmu hubungan internasional, negara adalah suatu konsep tentang entitas politik yang diakui keberadaaannya untuk menjalankan fungsi dan tujuan kepentingannya. Sedangkan, kemanusiaan adalah suatu konsep moral dan filosofis yang menjadi salah satu pijakan masyarakat modern. Tulisan ini hendak menelusuri hubungan reflektif antara negara dan kemanusiaan dalam dua pandangan utama dalam ilmu hubungan internasional yakni realisme dan liberalisme. Berdasarkan pembahasan dari tulisan esai ini disimpulkan bahwa kemanusiaan berada pada ujung tanduk kekuasaan negara atau aliansi negara. Sejauh negara menjadi unit-sentris sistem internasional, sejauh itu juga kita tidak mampu keluar dari jebakan-jebakan regularitas internasional yang anarkhis. Maka, sudah semestinya kita memikirkan jalan keluar bagi pembebasan kemanusiaan di luar batas konsepsi negara-wetphalian. Hal ini dikarenakan dunia jauh lebih kompleks dari esai ini. Sama kompleksnya pandangan tentang negara dan kemanusiaan disisi lain. Namun, yang terus berlanjut dan ditatap dengan optimisme sejauh kita memiliki keyakinan bahwa demokrasi dan institusi liberal-internasional (seperti LBB dan PBB) seperti dinyatakan Woodrow Wilson adalah tahapan sejarah lainnya, bukan percobaan sebagai usaha mencapai perdamaian abadi (The perpetual peace).
ANALISIS KREATIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN MIND MAPPING PADA MATERI STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI JARINGAN TUMBUHAN DI KELAS XI MAN 3 BIREUEN
Authors: Ilhami Cut Mazlina , Tutiliana Tutiliana
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan pembelajaran mind mapping terhadap kreativitas dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi struktur dan fungsi jaringan tumbuhan di kelas XI MA N 3 Bireuen. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan jenis penelitian eksperimen dan desain penelitian pretest posttest control group design. Penelitian dilaksanakan di MA N 3 Bireuen pada semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2020/2021. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI IPA MAN 3 Bireuen tahun pelajaran 2020/2021. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan secara cluster random sampling, karena siswa memiliki karakteristik yang homogen. Peneliti memilih sampel dari anggota populasi yang memiliki nilai rata-rata tidak jauh berbeda. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan alat bantu berupa silabus, RPP, LKPD, data kemampuan awal dan data kemampuan akhir. Adapun instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah uji coba instrumen (uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji tingkat kesukaran dan uji daya beda), tes awal (pretest) dan tes akhir (postest) serta angket kreativitas siswa. Teknik analisis data penelitian adalah uji N-Gain, uji prasyarat berupa uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas serta uji hipotesis yang berupa uji t. Untuk menguji hipotesis pada penelitian ini digunakan uji Independent Sampel t-Test. Hasil uji Independent sampel t-Tes kreativitas belajar siswa diketahui nilai Sig. (2-tailed) adalah 0,000. Berdasarkan kriteria pengambilan keputusan 0,000 < 0,05, maka 𝐻𝑜 ditolak dan 𝐻𝑎 diterima. Sehingga terdapat pengaruh pembelajaran mind mapping terhadap kreativitas siswa pada materi struktur dan fungsi jaringan tumbuhan kelas XI MAN 3 Bireuen. Sedangkan, hasil uji hipotesis hasil belajar menunjukkan nilai Sig. (2-tailed) adalah 0,002. Berdasarkan kriteria pengambilan keputusan 0,002<0,05, maka 𝐻𝑜 ditolak dan 𝐻𝑎 diterima. Sehingga terdapat pengaruh penerapan pembelajaran mind mapping terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi struktur dan fungsi jaringan tumbuhan di kelas XI MAN 3 Bireuen.
CONSTRUÇÃO E DESCONSTRUÇÃO DA MENTE RACISTA: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA PSICANÁLISE
Authors: Colect Carlos
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo se propõe a discutir as seguintes questões acerca do racismo: O que se entende como racismo e qual o mecanismo histórico e psíquico que o origina? A Sociedade contemporânea se percebe racista? O que ela compreende como racismo ou ação racista? O indivíduo racista se compreende como tal ou somente projeta sobre o outro este perfil? Onde se encontra o racismo em nosso contexto social? Ele está na base estrutural e institucional? Existe um racismo que é vivido no campo inconsciente? Como podemos elucidar a afirmação “Somos racistas por natureza”, conforme os estudos de Eagleman e Mlodinov? Para tanto, utilizando-se de testes sociais já realizados por redes de televisão e ONGs, observações psicanalíticas, reflexões filosóficas e elementos da Neurociência compreende-se que o racismo é constituinte de um processo disfuncional do sistema de discriminação natural e cerebral e, de igual modo, uma construção psicossocial e uma mentalidade que transita no inconsciente coletivo.
The effectiveness of quality management systems in project management : the case of Transnet Group Capital
Authors:   , Kumalo Duduzile Emmah
Published: December 2021

Transnet’s infrastructure development projects foster economic growth through the country’s ports, pipelines, and rail networks expansion and modernisation. To this end, Transnet has taken up several capital expansion projects across all its operating divisions to develop and expand its infrastructure. However, the reported figures on compensation events in rail project execution, comprising defects and double handling was found to be notably high. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of project quality management systems within the life cycle of projects implemented by Transnet Group Capital. The study was cross sectional in nature and a quantitative research design was adopted involving both primary and secondary research. A questionnaire was used to collect primary data based on a stratified random sampling technique. The data was collected at Transnet Group Capital (TGC). The statistical programme, SPSS version 26.0 was used to analyse data. The secondary data was obtained from TGC management information systems (Primavera databases), wherein a repository of the required documentation is maintained. The secondary data was analysed using quantitative content analysis. It was found that gender parity has not been achieved throughout all the disciplines. Overall, women’s representation remains lower than men. On a positive note, Transnet Group Capital projects are selected in line with business goals. This further confirms that the projects are subjected to an independent Gate Review as specified in the Project Lifecycle Process methodology and as per the project’s classification outcome. Findings indicate that the end users are not consulted throughout the construction processes and project timelines are prolonged. This is coupled by an unclear scope which is not adequately communicated to all stakeholders, incapacitated project managers, as well as lack of quality assurance and control processes. The document analysis presented the impact of compensation events at an average of 4% of the contract value. These findings give Transnet Group Capital a reason to improve their project execution and the monitoring process. The study recommends that gender equity be prioritised. There should be agreements on the expected outcomes of the project to allow each milestone of the project to stay on target. An emphasis of core values is also necessary to transcend differences in culture. There is a need to institutionalise quality awareness and to implement a risk mitigation plan.
THE IMPLEMENTATION CLT APPROACH TO IMPROVE STUDENTS SPEAKING SKILLS
Authors: Wahyuni Kiki , Octavianita Ayu , Nur Suryadi Amdhan , Handayani Tuti , Ihsan Muhammad Taufik
Published: December 2021

The goal of this study is to find out how instructors employ the Communicative Language Teaching approach in the English classroom, as well as the strategies and resources they use to help students develop their speaking skills.This can be seen from the class activities, speaking materials until the strategies that has been implemented in some research. This article takes the form of a review of documents and literatures, with an evaluation of knowledge as the basis. As a result, as a teacher, you may learn from other countries that have successfully implemented and developed CLT in improving students' speaking skills.
THE UTILIZATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS LEARNING MEDIA
Authors: Fitrani Dinda Fadhilah  , Fitri Handayani Harahap  , Nur Zarit Sofia  , Suhendri Prayoga  , Muhammad Taufik Ihsan
Published: December 2021

The development of information and communication technology build it straightforward to speak in exchanging information in order that place, time and distance are not any longer obstacles. Moreover, through the internet data services are often accessed as learning resources within the world of education should be ready to follow the event of technological science. Therefore the use of technology within the style of learning media may be an alternate to beat the constraints of house and time of the prevailing learning method so lecturers don't got to make a case for thefabricto students in excess. In this article, the data were obtained from literature of study review and from other document analysis. Based on the study, The Utilization of information and communication technology in learning is carried out in order to increase effectiveness in the implementation of the learning process to improve student learning outcomes and the individual quality of students in terms of using technology more precisely and usefully.
PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN DARING DI WILAYAH GUGUSAN PULAU KECIL SEGARA ANAKAN
Authors: Dwi Haryoko Bekti , Nugroho Agung
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring di wilayah gugusan pulau kecil Segara Anakan khususnya di SD N Ujungalang 02, kendala-kendala yang dihadapi oleh guru dan orang tua, serta strategi yang dilakukan oleh guru dan orang tua dalam mengatasi kendala-kendala yang terjadi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kepala sekolah, 3 guru kelas IV sampai VI, 9 peserta didik, dan 9 orang tua. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring di SD N Ujungalang 02 dilakukan dengan menggunakan platform Whatsapp group. Whatsapp group dipilih karena dalam penggunaannya tidak memerlukan sinyal yang kuat. Kendala-kendala yang dihadapi guru diantaranya yaitu kualitas jaringan internet yang rendah, penyampaian materi dan beban kuota internet yang bertambah. Orang tua mengalami kendala seperti handphone, kualitas jaringan internet yang rendah, kemampuan terhadap teknologi, beban kuota internet, dan kurang pengawasan kepada anaknya. Adapun strategi yang dilakukan oleh guru dalam mengatasi kendala yang dihadapi yaitu dengan kegiatan guru keliling (guling) dan kegiatan belajar tatap muka terbatas di sekolah. Orang tua menyikapi kendala yang ditemui dengan cara mencari titik sinyal di lokasi tertentu dan berusaha agar kuota internet selalu tersedia supaya anaknya bisa belajar.
KOMPETENSI PROFESIONALISME GURU DALAM PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK SECARA ONLINE DI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI BADAKARYA
Authors: Husain Muhammad , Muslim Aji Heru
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan kompetensi profesionalisme guru dalam penerapan pembelajaran tematik secara online di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Badakarya. Metode ini menggunakan kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini meliputi kepala sekolah, guru, dan siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, angket, dan dokumentasi. Uji keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan trianggulasih teknik. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model Miles & Huberman yang meliputi pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) Kompetensi profesionalisme guru terhadap penerapan pembelajaran tematik secara online di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Badakarya dapat dikuasai dengan baik oleh guru. Dalam penguasaan materi, struktur maupun konsep dilakukan dengan cara mempelajari panduan yang diberikan oleh dinas kabupaten dan menambah referensi dari buku, media social, dan internet. Menguasai kompetensi inti dan kompetensi dasar. Penggunaan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi sebagai proses pembelajaran, serta menggunakan internet untuk mencari referensi lain. (2) Faktor penghambat dan pendukung dalam pembelajaran tematik secara online. Faktor penghambat dalam pembelajaran tematik secara online meliputi, tidak semua siswa memiliki gawai Andorid sehingga menghambat guru dalam memberikan pembelajaran tematik secara online, sinyal internet yang menggangu pembelajaran yang disampaikan serta evaluasi yang tidak sepunuhnya dikerjakan oleh siswa sehingga guru sulit mengetahui kemampuan siswa sejauh mana dalam memahami materi yang disampaikan. Selain faktor penghambat tentunya ada faktor pendukung dalam penerapan pembelajaran tematik secara online yaitu setiap guru sudah memiliki gawai untuk proses pembelajaran tematik secara online, fasilitas sekolah yang memadai untuk melaksanakan pembelajaran tematika secara online, memudahkan guru dalam mengembangkan materi, dan guru dapat memberikan pembelajaran yang lebih menarik agar siswa tidak mudah bosan salah satunya penggunaan video pembelajaran sebagai media pembelajaran.
PENGARUH MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BERBASIS ONLINE TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA KONSEP VIRUS
Authors: Aminah Sitti , Hambali Hilmi , Nurdiyanti Nurdiyanti
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian Quasi Eksperimen yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model Problem Based Learning (PBL) yang dilakukan secara online melalui hasil belajar peserta didik. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 72 peserta didik, 36 yangpeserta didik sebagai kelas eksperimen dan 36 peserta didik sebagai kelas kontrol  Penelitian ini terdiri dari beberapa tahap yaitu perancangan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan tes hasil belajar (evaluasi). Kelas eksperimen merupakan kelompok yang diajar dengan menggunakan model Problem Based Learning (PBL) secara dan Kelas kontrol diajar dengan menggunakan menggunakan metode konvensional. Beradasrkan hasil analisis data, mengungkapkan adanya peningkaan hasil belajar peserta didik yang lebih besar bagi kelompok yang diajar denganmodel pembelajaran Problem Based Learning. Skor rata-rata yaitu 80,6% dengan satandar deviasi yaitu 80 atau sekitar 40% peserta didik telah memenuhi kriteria ketuntasan minimal 75%. Model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa dapat juga diketahui dari selisih nilai rata-rata melalui Uji T kelas eksperimen yaitu  0,71 dan  kelas kontrol yaitu sebesar 0,42. Dengan demikian dapat dinyatakan bahwa penguasaan peserta didik pada materi virus meningkat dari kategori rendah menjadi tinggi disamping itu peserta didik juga lebih disiplin aktif dan bertanggung jawab dalam mengikuti kegiaan pembelajaran.