bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The comparative study of conventional and ultra-high frequency induction sintering behavior of pure aluminum
Authors: GÜL Burak , GEZİCİ Levent Ulvi , AYVAZ Mehmet , ÇAVDAR Uğur
Published: December 2020

In this study, compressibility, and conventional and ultra-high frequency induction sintering behaviors of 99.8% purity and 50-70 µm size range aluminum powders were investigated. In the compressibility studies, uniaxial-cold pressing method was used. Green samples were produced in the range of 50-275 MPa using different pressures. By measuring the apparent densities of the produced samples, the optimum compressibility pressure was determined as 200 MPa. Pure aluminum powder metal samples produced with this ideal pressing pressure were sintered in both classical and ultra-high frequency induction methods in the range of 500-600 oC. Sintering was performed as 40 min in the traditional method and 5 min in the ultra-high frequency induction sintering method. As a result of the tests carried out in this study, it was determined that pure aluminum samples were successfully sintered with a high frequency induction system in a shorter time than traditional sintering method.
Impetus of urban horticulture on open spaces: case of Mutare City
Authors:   Department of Tourism and Hospitality management, Manicaland State University of Applied Sciences, Zimbabwe, Basera Vitalis , Chakaipa Absai ,   Department of Applied Statistics, Manicaland State University of Applied Sciences, Dube Phamella ,   Department of Agricultural Economics and Development Studies, Manicaland State University of Applied Sciences, Zimbabwe
Published: December 2020

Purpose: To understand the impetus of urban horticulture in the Mutare city with explicit motivation on low density areas. Research methodology: The investigation was quantitative in nature, and used a random sample of urban farmers in Mutare city low density areas. The Statistical Package for Social Scientist (SPSS Version 23) was used to analyse data from the questionnaires. Results: The results reveal that Mutare urban agricultural activities are driven by the need for food self-sufficient, income generation and utilisation of urban open spaces. Limitations: The research had limitations on the sample size and also needed to factor in other multiple response questions. Contributions: The findings are useful to urbanites, urban planners, developmental agents and authorities in the development of urban agriculture. Keywords: Urban horticulture, Urban agriculture, Mutare, Impetus, Food security
一起关于弹簧式储能开关运行异常的故障分析
Authors: 孙 浩
Published: December 2020

论文主要介绍了弹簧式储能开关在实际生产运行中的概况，同时列举了一些关于储能式开关在运行中发生的较为典型的相关故障，通过对故障原因和类型的分析，提出了关于储能式开关运维策略的建议，进一步满足了开关安全稳定运行的要求。
PLATELET COUNT IN CULTURE POSITIVE NEONATAL SEPSIS AND ITS CORRELATION WITH SPECIFIC CAUSATIVE ORGANISM- A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY.
Authors: Charki Siddu , Kulkarni Trimal , Biradar Vijayakumar S , Kalyanshettar S S
Published: December 2020

Introduction: In neonates admitted with sepsis, thrombocytopenia is one of the common hematological problems encountered. It is commonly seen in both gram negative and gram positive septicemia. Thrombocytopenia may be considered as an important early indicator in prediction of septicemia in neonates admitted in NICU. Methods: This study was conducted in Level IIB NICU of Shri B M Patil Medical College Hospital Vijayapur, Karnataka. Study Design: Prospective Observational study was conducted. Study Duration: 1 year (Jan 2019 – Jan 2020). Inclusion Criteria: Neonates admitted in NICU with Culture Positive Sepsis were included in the study. Exclusion Criteria: Neonates with maternal history suggestive of placental insufficiency and low platelet counts and family history of bleeding disorders. Results: Out of 1250 admissions in NICU, 180 neonates had culture positive sepsis. Among 54% gram negative organisms, Klebsiella pneumonia was the commonest seen in 56% neonates. Among 40% gram positive organism MRSA was the commonest 53% neonates. Among 6% Fungal Sepsis, Candida sp. (100%) isolated. Severe thrombocytopenia was seen in 16% neonates followed by moderate thrombocytopenia (37%), mild thrombocytopenia (28%) and normal platelet count (19%). The total mortality was high (22%) in neonates having sepsis. Mortality was higher in the neonates having severe thrombocytopenia (69%) compared to neonates having moderate thrombocytopenia (30%) (P value <0.001). Klebsiella pneumoniae (60%) was the leading cause of death in the neonates with sepsis. Conclusions: Major cause of mortality in neonates with sepsis was by Gram Negative sepsis followed by Fungal and Gram Positive sepsis. Proportion of thrombocytopenia in neonates admitted with sepsis was high. Thus thrombocytopenia can be considered as one of the earliest nonspecific predictor of sepsis in neonates admitted in NICU and also it associates significantly with the outcome of the septic neonates.
YAPI ÜRETİM SÜRECİNDEKİ İŞ KAZALARI ŞİDDETİNİN ÖN BİLGİLENDİRİLMİŞ YAPAY ÖĞRENME METODU İLE TAHMİNİ
Authors: TÜRKER Mustafa , KANIT Recep
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, yapı üretim sürecinde meydana gelen iş kazalarında, kaza şiddeti ile kaza önlemleri arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır. Bunun için geçmiş kaza verileri kullanılarak, ilerideki iş kazalarında hangi önlemlerin alınması gerektiği ve bu önlemlerin alınmaması halinde kaza sonucunun ne olabileceğini tahmin edebilen bütünleşmiş bir model geliştirilmiştir. Bu tahmin modeli, günümüzde araştırmacıların sıklıkla kullandığı AHP (Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi) ve YSA (Yapay Sinir Ağları) metotlarının zayıf kaldıkları noktada birbirlerini tamamlaması amacıyla, birbirine entegre edilerek oluşturulmuştur.
Modelin anlamlılığı bir saha çalışması yapılarak gerçek veriler ile test edilmiştir. Örneklem için en çok ölümle sonuçlanan 4 (dört) tür iş kazası seçilmiş ve bu iş kazaları için, aynı kurumda, 35 (otuz beş) geçmiş kaza verileri toplanmıştır. YSA metodu giriş katmanını önceden anlamlandıran AHP metodu için ikili kıyaslama verileri, profesyonel bir anket firması tarafından sektörde görev yapan İSG (İş sağlığı ve güvenliği) uzmanlarından, anket yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu verilerden 120 adedi ağların eğitilmesinde, 20 adedi de test edilmesinde kullanılmıştır. Sonuçta risk azaltıcı önlemler ile kaza şiddeti arasında ilişkinin, toplanan kaza verileriyle sınırlı olmak kaydıyla, %90 oranında anlamlı olduğu görülmüştür.
KRITIK PEMERINTAH PADA MASA ORDE BARU DALAM NASKAH MENGAPA KAU CULIK ANAK KAMI? KARYA SENO GUMIRA AJIDARMA
Authors: Prasasti Bawon Wiji Dia , Anggraini Purwati
Published: December 2020

ABSTRAKÂ Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kritik tokoh terhadap pemerintah Orde Baru dalam naskah drama Mengapa Kau Culik Anak Kami? Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada kritik tokoh terhadap pemerintahOrde Baru. Penelitian ini penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui pandangan pengarang terhadap masa Orde Baru. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif. Data penelitian berupa cuplikan dialog dan monolog dalam naskah Mengapa Kau Culik Anak Kami? yang memiliki relevansi dengan tujuan penelitian serta informasi-informasi penting yang diperoleh dari penelitian. Sumber data penelitian yaitu naskah drama Mengapa Kau Culik Anak Kami? diterbitkan oleh Galang Press tahun 2001. Hasil penelitian ini, yaitu Pertama, kritik terhadap pemerintah dalam bidang ekonomi berupa kemiskinan. Kedua, konflik sosial yang dialami dan diamati pengamatan tokoh utama terhadap pemerintah yaitu dari pengalaman masa lalu hingga sekarang berupa yaitu, kekerasan, pembunuhan, dan penculikan. Ketiga, kritik terhadap pemerintah berupa masalah politik penyalahgunaan kekuasaan.
DARAH NELAYAN KARYA ARSWENDO ATMOWILOTO: ANALISIS SOSIOLOGI SASTRA
Authors: Ratino Ratino
Published: December 2020

ABSTRAKÂ Penelitian ini mengenai kondisi sosial masyarakat nelayan tradisional pada 1970-an, yaitu saat karya tersebut ditulis. Novel Darah Nelayan merupakan novel anak yang ditulis oleh Arswendo Atmowiloto sebagai cerminan kondisi kehidupan nelayan saat itu. Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis novel Darah Nelayan adalah sosiologi sastra yang dikemukakan Ian Watt. Adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah deskripstif kualitatif. Teknik ini digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan novel dari aspek sosiologi sastra. Berdasarkan hasil analisis novel Darah Nelayan terdapat beberapa aspek sosial mengenai permasalahan kehidupan sosial masyarakat nelayan tradisional, antara lain kendala kemajuan nelayan tradisional, kehidupan sosial masyarakat nelayan tradisional, perlawanan terhadap pandangan lama, dan kependudukan.Â Keywords: fishermen, social, community, reflection, sociology of literature
Presentación: Allpanchis en transición
Authors: Cabala Banda Pamela , Zegarra Moretti Carlos Benjamín
Published: December 2020

Esperanza, optimismo y compromiso fueron parte de los valores depositados en la fundación de nuestra revista Allpanchis. Quizá la mejor evidencia de ello es el propio nombre que, en su versión española, entona el salmo: «nuestra tierra dará su fruto», profunda interpelación que, además de la clara agenda teológica y pastoral de su momento, se puede leer como la apuesta por el potencial académico de nuestra herencia. No tuvieron que pasar muchos años para que se puedan empezar a cosechar los logros intelectuales del órgano de investigación del que fuera el Instituto de Pastoral Andina (IPA), empresas ambas a cargo de una cohorte de obispos, sacerdotes, religiosas y agentes pastorales. Dentro de los proyectos de investigación del IPA, destinados a comprender los procesos y prácticas sociales de su época desde una mirada religiosa y científica, Allpanchis desempeñó un rol clave en cuanto ofrecía un espacio de reflexión destinado a los actores de las diócesis locales. Allpanchis debía reflejar la nueva mirada del IPA y, por ende, de la llamada «Iglesia surandina», al fenómeno religioso andino. Con Manuel Marzal a cargo del área de investigación del reciente fundado IPA y editor de Allpanchis se promovieron los estudios de antropología de la religión, mientras que los editores posteriores siguieron produciendo números ahora clásicos para las ciencias sociales peruanas.
2. Finding Moments of Studying: Being a Studier in the University
Authors: Jiménez Jairo
Published: December 2020

Abstract Though different ideas about study have been proposed recently, there is still some ambiguity in denoting what it means “to be a studier” and its importance for the university. This article proposes to address the relation among
times, spaces, matters of concern and studying in the university. Initially, it aims to reconsider the temporality and spatiality of study, focusing on concrete experiences of studying with others. After articulating specific forms and expectations of activities and spaces in the university,
it proposes to disturb—at least momentarily—the rhythm and direction of educational designs to find moments for studying. This introduces three important and interrelated themes that will be helpful in thinking about studying: the nature of studying as a relation with others; the
necessity of an attitude of studying; and the issue of love in studying. These issues offer a way to understand the qualities of the activities of studying and reveal the importance of thinking about the university as a space and time that might offer possibilities for moments of studying.
3. Toward a Theory of Social Innovation in Higher Education
Authors: Selznick Benjamin , McCarthy Seán
Published: December 2020

Abstract A necessary response to addressing complex global problems rests in the theoretic and practice of social innovation: approaches to solving intractable social issues on a local and global scale. The logic, language, and practices of social innovation
can, in turn, motivate energies toward conceptualizing college students as social innovators: individuals capable of meaningfully and cooperatively responding to persistent and transdisciplinary problems including social inequities, environmental change, and public health crises. To provide
a philosophical anchor needed to ultimately sustain these propositions, we unite social innovation with Honneth’s concept of social freedom. We then introduce an expanded definition of the prototype as a mechanism that can be utilized to embed social innovation and social freedom throughout
the contemporary collegiate academic curriculum. The subsequent section considers students in two interdependent forms of relation—student-student and student-faculty—within the dynamic context of postsecondary learning. We conclude by incorporating our ideas around an imagined
possibility for securing social freedom amidst present ecological fragility and provide long-range considerations of our theory for the higher education enterprise.
Pengaruh Model Aplikasi Control Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (CDMT2) Terhadap Kualitas Hidup Pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2
Authors: Faridah Ida , Purnama Ade , Afiyanti Yati
Published: December 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus type 2 cannot be cured but can be controlled by controlling blood sugar levels and improving the quality of life of diabetics. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus based on doctor's diagnosis and age ≥15 years in Banten province has increased in 2013 by 1.3% while in 2018 it was 2.2% (Riskesdas, 2018). Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the cdmt2 application model on the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Research methods: the method used in this study was one group pre test post test. The sampling technique in this study used a total sampling with a total of 384 respondents with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Banten. The instruments used were the DQOL questionnaire and the cdmt2 application model. Results: The Paired Simple T-Test showed the effect of the cdmt2 application model on the quality of life of diabetic patients (P value = 0.000) P <0.05. The cdmt2 application significantly affects the quality of life of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Conclusion: The cdmt2 application model significantly influences the quality of life of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. health promotion regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Keywords: Cdmt2 Application Model, quality of life, type 2 diabetes mellitus

Bibliography: 2010-2020
SOSYAL BİLGİLER ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARINA GÖRE KÜRESEL SALGINLAR KARŞISINDA GÜÇ ALDIĞIMIZ DEĞERLER: COVİD-19 ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: GÜREL Davut , ER Harun
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada Covid-19 gibi küresel salgınlar karşında sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adayları tarafından önemli görülen ve onlara bu salgınlara karşı direnme gücü veren değerlerin neler olduğunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemine bağlı olarak durum çalışması deseninde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu her sınıf düzeyinden toplam 185 sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda oluşturulmuş üç sorudan oluşan bir görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Hazırlanan görüşme formu pandemi koşulları gereği Microsoft Forms aracılığıyla katılımcılara uygulanmış ve elde edilen veriler tematik analiz kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre, öğretmen adaylarının salgınlar karşısında en çok güç bulduğu değerlerin milli birlik ve beraberliğe olan inanç, temizlik, geleceğe umutla bakma, sabretme, aile bağlarının güçlü tutulması, sosyal yardımlaşma ve dayanışma, dini gerekleri yerine getirme, dua ve şükretme gibi değerlerdir. Öğretmen adayları, bireylerin salgın ortamında sorumluluk, empati, yardımlaşma, saygı, duyarlılık gibi değerlere daha çok önem vermesi, toplumun dayanışma içinde hareket etmesi ve devletin halkın güvenliğini ve ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için daha fazla sorumluluk alması gerektiğini ifade etmişlerdir. Ayrıca, pandemi ortamında bireylerin sosyal medyayı, nitelikli vakit geçirme, iletişim kurma, doğru bilgiye ulaşma ve bu bilgiyi yayma, toplum faydasını gözeten paylaşımlar yapma gibi amaçlarla kullanılması gerektiği vurgulanmıştır. Genel olarak küresel salgınlar gibi olağan üstü koşullarda birey, toplum ve devletin geleneksel değerlerden hareketle daha fazla sorumluluk alması ve sosyal medyanın bu değerler odağında daha bilinçli kullanılması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
II. Meşrutiyet Döneminde İstanbul’da Sosyal Bir Problem Olarak Kumar İlleti
Authors: Kurnaz Şahin Feyza
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, II. Meşrutiyet döneminde İstanbul’da toplumsal hayatı derinden etkileyen kumar illetinin yaygınlaşmasının sebeplerini ve Osmanlı Devleti’nin buna yönelik aldığı tedbirleri irdelemek olarak tanımlanır.

II. Meşrutiyet dönemi, kronolojik olarak kısa bir zaman aralığını oluştursa da ekonomik ve toplumsal açıdan birçok sarsıntının yaşandığı, tarihsel açıdan çarpıcı bir süreci ifade eder. Bu dönemde görülen sıra dışılıkta; XIX. yüzyılda başlayan ve XX. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğine kadar süren savaşların etkileri, toprak kayıpları, meşruti yönetimle ilgili yaşanan siyasal gerilimler, özgürlükçü ortam, sosyo-ekonomik krizler, ödenemeyen maaşlar, göçler, Avrupa’nın kültürel ve fiziksel etkisine açık olma durumu etkili olmuştur. Yaşanan sosyal, ekonomik ve siyasal gerilimler toplumu derinden etkilemiş sosyal yapıda çözülmeler baş göstermiştir. Bu dönemde içki, kumar, sefâhat ve fuhuş gibi eylemlerin artışı sosyal çözülmenin varlığına işaret etmektedir.

II. Meşrutiyet döneminde kumar illeti toplumun sosyal ve ahlakî yapısını sarsıcı boyutlara ulaşmış, aile yapısı zarar görmüş, özellikle memurlar arasında kumarın yayılması devletin itibarını sarsmıştır. Kumarın toplumsal bir hastalığa dönüşmesi Osmanlı hükümetlerinin tedbir almasını gerekli kılmış, ancak yapılan yasal düzenlemeler ve alınan polisiye tedbirler kumarı önleyememiştir.

İstanbul, devletin başkenti olarak mevcut sorunları ve gerilimleri en derinden hisseden şehir olmuştur. XIX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren Batı tarzı bir başkente dönüşme sancıları çeken şehirde, aynı anda Batılı yaşam tarzı da etkili olmaya başlamıştır. Bu meyanda eğlence hayatı renklenmiş, kulüpler, barlar, lokantalar, gazinolar ve oteller yeni eğlence mekânlarını oluşturmuştur. Osmanlı başkentinin geleneksel dokusu bozulmuş, kahvehanelerde ve diğer mekânlarda içki, kumar ve sefâhat belirgin hale gelmiştir.

Araştırmanın temel kaynağını Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivindeki belgeler oluşturmuştur. İlaveten dönemin süreli yayınlarından yararlanılmıştır.
Acemhöyük Fayans ve Frit Eserleri Üzerine Arkeolojik ve Arkeometrik Değerlendirmeler
Authors: Dardeniz Gonca , Öztan Aliye
Published: December 2020

Bu makalede Acemhöyük’te bulunmuş Eski Tunç Çağı ve Asur Ticaret Kolonileri Çağı’na tarihlenen fayans ve frit buluntular ele alınmıştır. Anadolu ve yakın komşularındaki benzerleri ile arkeolojik olarak karşılaştırılan eserlerin, kimyasal içerikleri ve renklendirici kullanımları taşınabilir X-ışını floresansı (p-XRF) yöntemiyle tespit edilmiştir. Bu analizler, Acemhöyük’te bulunmuş vitrifiye mallarının renklendirilmesinde mavi renk için bakır, siyah renk için ise manganez kullanıldığını ortaya koymuştur. Buluntuların elementel analiz sonuçları, Acemhöyük’te vitrifiye objelerin en az iki farklı üretim merkezinden geldiğine işaret etmektedir. Arkeolojik ve arkeometrik verilerin beraber değerlendirilmesi ile ortaya konan veriler, MÖ İkinci Binyıl’ın erken dönemlerinde vitrifiye malzemeler için Anadolu’da bir üretim atölyesinin varlığı ihtimalini güçlendirmektedir.
Geleneksel Kazak Kültüründeki Koç Kültüyle İlgili Etnoarkeolojik İncelemeler
Authors: Kartaeva Tattigül , Oralbay Yerdan
Published: December 2020

Kazak ve diğer Türk soylu halkların dünya görüşünde koç oldukça önemli bir kült hayvanı olarak kabul edilmiştir. Eski Kazak mezar taşlarına (koytas, koşkartas) çeşitli koyun/koç tasvirlerinin işlenmiş olması bu uygulamanın arkeolojik kazılarda ortaya çıkan kilden yapılmış koç figürleri ve kaya resimlerindeki (petroglif) çeşitli koyun/koç resimlerinde görülen geleneğe bağlandığını ve bu kültün köklerinin çok eski devirlere dayandığını ortaya koymaktadır. Antik çağlara ait kap kulplarının hayvan biçimli veya özellikle koyun/koçbaşı şeklinde biçimlendirildiği görülmektedir. Koyun/koç ile ilgili kültler, Eskiçağ’da Saka ve Kangli, Ortaçağ’da ise Oğuz ve Kıpçak boylarının yaşamlarında önemli yer tutmuştur. Koçun insanın ruhani düşüncesiyle ve yaşamının dönüşüm anlarıyla ilgili kutsal bir bağa sahip olduğu düşünülmektedir. Halk arasındaki efsane ve inançlara göre koç, gök ve ateşten yaratılmıştır. Bu inanç, birçok eski doğu halkları arasında İslamiyet öncesinde yaygın olan doğa tapınışı ile ilgilidir. Türk soylu halkların inancına göre koyun/koç, koruyucu özelliğinin yanı sıra kutsallara kurban edilebilecek kutsal bir hayvan niteliğindedir. Kazaklar ve Türk soylu halklar arasında evcil hayvanlara ait bazı kemiklerin mucizevî özelliklere sahip olduğu şeklinde, ilginç gelenekler, batıl inançlar ve efsaneler yaygındır. Koyun/koç boynuzu (koşkarmüyüz) şeklindeki süslemenin bu halklar için bereketi ve zenginliği sembolize ettiği anlaşılmaktadır.
The Effect of Back Massage on The Sleep Quality of Trimester III Primigravida Pregnant Women in Puskesmas Talaga Jaya
Authors: Katili Dwi Nur Octaviani , Ali Rizky Nikmathul Husna , Abidju Riskawaty
Published: December 2020

The quality of sleep on pregnant women affected their condition during pregnancy. A decrease in sleep duration in pregnant women can cause a decrease in concentration, fatigue, body aches, losing the mood to work, and having a tendency to be emotional. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of back massage on the sleep quality of trimester III primigravida pregnant women in Puskesmas Talaga Jaya. The research design was a quasi experimental design with a nonequivalent control group design. The research sample was 20 pregnant women with the sampling technique using purposive sampling. From the results of the independent t test, it shows that there is a difference between the experimental group and the control group on the decrease in sleep quality with a p value of = 0.000 α <(0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that back massage is more effective in increasing sleep quality  of those given treatment than those without given treatment.
Peranan Manajerial Kepala Sekolah dalam Mengatasi Konflik Guru
Authors: Ernaliza Ernaliza , Fitria Happy , Fitiani Yessi
Published: December 2020

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini antara lain untuk: 1) mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan bentuk konflik guru; dan 2) mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan peranan manajerial kepala sekolah dalam mengatasi konflik guru. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Hasil penelitian: 1) konflik yang terjadi ialah terjadinya kecemburuan sosial akibat kesenjangan antara guru aparatur sipil negara dengan guru honorer, adanya grup antar satu guru dengan guru lainnya, adanya ketidaksukaan dari beberapa guru apabila ada guru yang mendapat penghargaan atas keberhasilan yang dia peroleh dari kepala sekolah maupun dari dinas Dikbud; dan 2) peranan manajerial kepala sekolah dalam mengatasi konflik guru adalah dengan melakukan beberapa tindakan seperti: (a) berusaha netral dan objektif agar tidak terkesan memihak bila terjadi konflik antar guru; (b) selalu memberikan kesempatan berbicara dan berpendapat kepada semua guru; dan (c) selalu memotivasi guru agar fokus pada peningkatan kompetensinya dan pada tugas serta tanggung jawabnya di sekolah.
The Depression Level of Women Suffering Domestic Violence in Medan, Indonesia
Authors: Gurning Friska , Camellia Vita , Parinduri Harun Taher , Effendy Elmeida
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Domestic violence is defined as a social problem associated with an increased risk of mental illness in women. The violence experienced by women can be a traumatic event that leads to a psychological disorder. Domestic violence has a strong relationship with depression, including depressive symptoms, depression disorders, and suicide. Risk factors associated with depression in women victims of domestic violence are including age, education level, socioeconomic status, and long experience of violence.
AIM: The aim of this study was to find the risk factors associated with the level of depression in women who experience domestic violence.
METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study and conducted at the Psychiatric Clinic of Dr. Pirngadi General Hospital, Medan. Subjects were 82 people of victims of domestic violence and recruited using non-probability sampling which was consecutive sampling. Subjects that meet the inclusion criteria were interviewed with the ICD-10 (A1) version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Furthermore, subjects were asked to fill out the Beck Depression Inventory-II questionnaire. Finally, statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression through SPSS software.
RESULTS: The most dominant risk factors for the level of depression were categorized with long experience of violence (odds ratio [OR] = 4.939, p = 0.018), economic level (OR = 4.436, p = 0.01), and education level (OR = 3.754, p = 0.022).
CONCLUSION: A significant relationship is found between violence duration, economic level, and education level with the level of depression for women victims in domestic violence.
In Vitro Alpha Glucosidase Activity of Uncaria gambir Roxb. and Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. from West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Arundita Silvy , Kurniawan Febry , Ismed Friardi , Rita Rauza Sukma , Putra Deddi Prima
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia that occurs due to abnormal insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibitors are drugs that work by slowing the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine so that it has an impact on decreasing post-prandial glucose levels.
AIM: The aim of the study was to assess the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities of methanolic extracts from different parts of Uncaria gambir Roxb. and Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. grown in Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia often used as herbal medicine.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Methanolic extracts from different parts, fractions, and different drying methods of U. gambir Roxb. and S. polyanthum (Wight) Walp. grown in Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia, were prepared for alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities.
RESULT: The proanthocyanidin fraction of U. gambir Roxb. (purity of ≥ 75%) showed a potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities as evidenced by low IC50 at 28,993 ± 1,377 μg/ml, while (+)-catechin at 30,855 ± 0,791 μg/ml (IC50 acarbose: 111,286 ± 2,386 μg/ml). The Butanol fraction of S. polyanthum (Wight) Walp. showed potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities as evidenced by low IC50 at 28,469 ± 1,929 μg/ml.
CONCLUSION: Butanol fraction from U. gambir Roxb.’s oven-dried leaves and S. polyanthum (Wight) Walp. leaves contained proanthocyanidin class compounds. The proanthocyanidin fraction with a purity of > 75% had a stronger alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity than the acarbose as a positive control.
Secretory Carcinoma: A Silent Mass Increasing in the Parotid Gland
Authors: Lu Cheng-Chieh , Cheng Chien-Jui , Kao Yu-Chien , Chen Mei-Chien
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Secretory carcinoma (SC) of the salivary gland, also known as mammary analog secretory carcinoma, is a rare tumor in the parotid gland. This kind of tumor is characterized by generally indolent clinical behavior and expression of a break in the ETV6 gene.
CASE REPORT: We present a unique case of secretory carcinoma and show its favorable prognoses.
CONCLUSION: Secretory carcinoma of the salivary gland is a low-grade carcinoma with a favorable prognosis. It has low regional lymph node and distant metastasis potential. Due to the possibility of misdiagnosis, immunohistochemical studies and FISH are suggested. The most effective treatment is complete surgical excision with negative surgical margins.
A Review on the Novel Coronavirus and Its Effects on Children
Authors: Bahoush Gholamreza , Zarei Elham
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: The outbreak of the new coronavirus was first reported in China and then spread to other parts of the world. The number of people infected with the virus is significantly increasing, making the disease an international concern.
AIM: The present study aimed to investigate the coronavirus and its effects on children.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, search engines, and scientific databases of Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane were searched to examine the effect of coronavirus on children. To collect information, keywords were also searched in the databases.
RESULTS: In spite of contradictory results, among the children, those under 5 years old are the high-risk group.
CONCLUSION: Some researchers believe that the virus shows fewer symptoms in children. However, the immune system of infants under six months develops pneumonia in rare cases.
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopic Evaluation of Sealer Penetration in Root Canals of Teeth with the butterfly and Non-butterfly Effect: An In vitro Study
Authors: Sathish Abraham , Ramesh Karad Rohini , Ruchika N. Jain , Sneha D. Vaswani , Harshal B. Najan , Rashi R. Lalwani
Published: December 2020

AIM: The study aimed to investigate the penetration depth of calcium hydroxide-based root canal sealer into buccolingual and mesiodistal aspects of roots with and without the butterfly effect at coronal and middle root sections.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty single-rooted maxillary premolars were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction and viewed under a light microscope and grouped as Group 1 – butterfly (B) and Group 2 – non-butterfly according to the presence or absence of the effect. Canals were prepared till working length followed with copious irrigation. Canals were finally rinsed with 5 ml of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution and activated using EndoActivator followed by obturation using gutta-percha (warm vertical compaction technique) with Sealapex sealer. To provide fluorescence for confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), the Sealapex was mixed with rhodamine B dye. Root sectioning yielded coronal and middle sections. CLSM was used to assess the penetration of the sealer.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Shapiro–Wilk test, unpaired “t-test.”
RESULTS: Teeth with the butterfly effect had greater mean penetration buccolingually (905.2 μm) than mesiodistally (182.1 μm; p < 0.001). Coronal sections had greater penetration (517.4 μm) compared with the middle (354.6 μm).
CONCLUSION: Sealapex sealer exhibited maximum tubular penetration in teeth with butterfly effect in buccolingual direction at the coronal third level.
The Pattern of Facial Injury among Foreign Travelers in Bali: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Riasa Nyoman P. , Parama Ardhy , Budiapsari Putu Indah , Lestari Desak Putu Oki
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Injury, especially road traffic accident caused injury, was the most cause of death in international traveler worldwide. Estimated more than 1 million people deaths and become disability after injury. Facial fracture was the most common injury in plastic surgery division among international traveler.
AIM: This study is aimed to describe the pattern of facial fracture among foreign travelers in Bali to provide prompt prevention and treatment.
METHODS: The retrospective study was did using the medical record, imaging analysis including computed tomographies and conventional radiographs of 126 cases of facial fracture from the period of January 2009 to September 2012. The patterns of facial fractures were divided into four main categories of craniofacial, maxillofacial, nasal, and mandibulofacial.
RESULTS: The result showed that fractures involving nasal region were the most common (n = 65, 51.6%) followed by midface region (n = 58, 46.0%), craniofacial (n = 50, 39.7%), and mandibulofacial (n = 20, 15.9%), respectively.
CONCLUSION: It can be concluded, nasal fracture and midfacial fracture were the most common type of facial fracture with the major cause of motor vehicle accidents.
A Review on Novel Coronavirus Outbreak: Current Scenario of Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Niuz Morshed , Barman Nirmal Chandra
Published: December 2020

Coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 outbreak was the first time experienced in Wuhan City, China, at the end of December 2019 which spreads rapidly in China and then worldwide approximately all countries of America, Europe, Australia, and Asia including Bangladesh. There are more than 1,039,135 mortalities and 35,207,771 people have been affected globally until October 4, 2020, and the figure is still increasing. The global information on the COVID-19 case was collected from a reliable database (worldometers.info) and domestic information was taken from the government circulating websites and analyzed. Different steps have been taken to control the COVID-19 worldwide. Even with few resources, Bangladesh also has taken rigorous measures such as designed special hospitals, laboratories, quarantine facilities, social distance awareness campaigns, and lockdown to control the spreading of the virus. As Bangladesh is an overpopulated country and vast population lives under the poverty line, it was difficult to maintain a strict lockdown to curb the COVID-19. In this study, we have focused the government efforts to combat this deadly pneumonia and presented recent situations and challenges of Bangladesh. We compiled general treatments, COVID-19 specific treatments, and antiviral treatments should be prescribed in fighting COVID-19. We suggest certain nutritional elements and natural products which can boost up the immunity of individuals and protect from the infection of this virus. The review was undertaken to synopsis the recent conditions, challenges of Bangladesh arise after the COVID-19 pandemic and summarize certain possible intervention options for management of COVID-19.
Pre-operative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio is Associated with Post-operative Opioid Requirements and Length of Stay after Thoracotomy
Authors: Suranadi I Wayan , Senapathi Tjokorda Gde Agung , Wisnawa Ayu Dilia Febriani , Ryalino Christopher
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Surgical pain and prolonged hospital length of stay (LOS) affect a large proportion of patients after thoracotomy. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the mechanism and progression of pain and the outcomes.
AIM: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the pre-operative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and post-operative pain and LOS in patients undergoing thoracotomy.
METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational study on 157 patients who underwent thoracotomy under general anesthesia. We classified the subjects into two study groups: Group with for patients with NLR <2 and Group 2 for NLR ≥2. We measured the post-operative pain by gathering the data of post-operative opioid needs. We used Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation tests to assess the association of the parameters.
RESULTS: The mean of total oral morphine equivalent in the first 48 h following thoracotomy in Group 1 was 140.8 ± 60.4 mg compared to Group 2’s 109.7 ± 55.8 (p < 0.05). The median hospital’s LOS was longer in Group 2 compared to Group 1 (7 vs. 10, p < 0.001). We found a weak positive correlation between pre-operative NLR (R = 0.267, p = 0.002) and post-operative opioid requirements, and a weak positive correlation between pre-operative NLR and the hospital’s LOS (R = 0.345, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Pre-operative NLR correlates with post-operative opioid requirements and the time hospital’s LOS in patients who underwent elective thoracotomy.
Effect of Sleep Quality on Blood Glucose Level of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Medan, Indonesia
Authors: Amelia Rina , Harahap Juliandi , Harahap Novita Sari , Wijaya Hendri , Ariga Reni Asmara , Fujiati Isti Ilmiati , Rusdiana Rusdiana
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbance is one of the problems complained by diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. The decrease in sleep quality has an impact on not controlling blood glucose levels (BGL).
AIM: The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of sleep quality on control BGLs of type 2 DM patients in Medan.
METHODS: This study is analytic with a cross-sectional design. The study population was type 2 DM patients who came to the Medan Labuhan Primary Health Care with a total sample of 83 people, sample collection by consecutive sampling method (inclusion and exclusion criteria). Management data using the SPSS computer program and data analysis using the Chi-square test.
RESULTS: The majority of patients were female (57.8%), the most age group was above 50 years (98.8%), with the highest duration of illnesses being above 5 years (77.1%), family history of suffering from DM was mothers with DM (36.1%), and mean of BGL was 215 mg/dl. The Chi-square test results showed a significant relationship between sleep quality and BGL of type 2 DM patients in Medan (p < 0.05), with an odds ratio of 4.3.
CONCLUSION: Sleep quality affects blood sugar control in type 2 DM patients. The risk of increasing blood sugar due to sleep disorders is 4.3 times compared to DM patients who do not experience sleep disorders.
The Combination of Butyl Para-Aminobenzoate and Iodoform as a Secondary Prevention of Dry Socket: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kusumastiwi Pipiet Okti , Hendrartini Julita , Dwiprahasto Iwan
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Dry socket is the most common post-operative complication following a dental extraction and one of the most studied complications in dentistry. Many researchers have attempted to find a successful method for its primary prevention. However, this area remains controversial as no single method has gained universal acceptance. Therefore, secondary prevention of this case is still needed to prevent the continuing effects of dry sockets and other complications resulting from inadequate dry socket treatment. One of the most common treatments of dry socket is a combination of butyl aminobenzoate, eugenol, and iodoform. The presence of this medicament in a healing socket also has been shown to cause a foreign body reaction, delayed healing, and prolonged pain.
AIM: The objective of the study was to compare the treatment results of dressing with a combination of butyl aminobenzoate, eugenol, and iodoform and other treatments for dry socket regarding the result of pain’s relief and healing of sockets.
METHODS: Searches were conducted in the following electronic databases: PubMed, ProQuest, and EBSCO. The inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trial with a minimum of 10 patients, published from 2009 to 2019, and written in English. The exclusion criteria were case reports and non-human studies.
RESULTS: Ten articles were found in an initial search, of which six were selected for a systematic review. Alternative treatment identified included zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE), a combination of polymyxin B sulfate, tyrothricin, neomycin sulfate, tetracaine hydrochloride, freeze-dried pledget containing acemannan hydrogel, plasma rich in growth factors, and low-level laser therapy, Er:Cr:YSGG, and laser diodes.
CONCLUSION: All treatments included in the review have the aim to relief the patient’s pain. Given the heterogeneity of interventions and the type of measurement scale, the results are difficult to compare. The combination of butyl aminobenzoate, eugenol, and iodoform is superior compared to ZOE for pain relief and socket healing. For socket healing and pain relief from the 2nd day after the extraction, it appears that several alternative treatments are superior to the combination of butyl aminobenzoate, eugenol, and iodoform.
Liver Transaminase Levels and Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio as Prognostic and Predictor in Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Arifputra Jonathan , Waleleng Bradley Jimmy , Gosal Fandy , Wenas Nelly Tendean , Rotty Luciana , Winarta Jeanne , Waleleng Andrew
Published: December 2020

Introduction: COVID 19 was a disease caused by the SARS-CoV 2 virus with severe respiratory distress syndrome. SARS-CoV 2 can attack the gastrointestinal and liver system. In several studies, elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were reported, ranging from 14% to 53%. The increase of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) also increases the risk of mortality in COVID 19. This research wants to study ALT, AST, and NLR as prognostic and predictor in COVID 19.
Methods: A cross sectional retrospective study conducted on COVID 19 patients. The diagnostic criteria are based on the recommendations of the Indonesian Ministry of Health. The patient's blood was examined in a central laboratory at hospital. Data analysis were done using SPSS version 22. 
Results: A total of 126 patients with COVID 19 were included in this study. There are 57 (45.2%) patients having abnormal liver test. There was a significant difference in the mean AST and NLR between COVID 19 patients with nonsurvival and survive outcome (82.91 ± 103.82 vs. 40.54 ± 33.59 U/L; p = 0.0001 and 7.42 ± 3.65 vs. 3.47 ± 2.41; p = 0.0001). High AST (≥34.5 U/L) and NLR (≥4.7) independently associated with nonsurvival outcome in COVID 19 patient with odds ratio (OR) 5.31 and 9.49 [1.89 – 14.95, 95% CI; p = 0.002 and 3.57 – 25.22, 95% CI; p = 0.0001].
Conclusion: This study revealed that high AST and NLR at hospital admission was associated with high mortality risk in COVID 19 patients. Therefore, the AST and NLR can be a significant prognostic of outcome in COVID 19 patients.
Interleukin-4 −33 C/T Gene Polymorphisms are not Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Daulay Milahayati , Sari Mutiara Indah
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Various studies have shown variations in the interleukin-4 (IL) gene associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in different populations and ethnicities.
AIM: The objective of this study was to determine the genetic variation of the IL-4 −33 C/T gene in some T2DM patients compared with healthy control in Medan, Sumatera Utara province, Indonesia.
METHODS: DNA from T2DM patients and healthy control was isolated, then the determination of the IL-4 −33 C/T gene polymorphism was carried out using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique.
RESULTS: In all samples of this study, IL-4 −33 C/T gene polymorphisms were found in patients with T2DM and healthy control but were not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: The IL-4 −33 C/T gene polymorphism has no relationship with the incidence of T2DM in a portion of our population in Medan, Sumatera Utara province, Indonesia.
An Iodine Treatments Effect on Cell Proliferation Rates of Breast Cancer Cell Lines; In Vitro Study
Authors: Elliyanti Aisyah , Susilo Veronika Y , Setiyowati Sri , Rao Pasupuleti Visweswara
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Iodine can reduce breast tumor progression by mediates an antiproliferative effect.
AIM: This study aimed to investigate the effect of iodine (I2), Lugol (I3K), and the combination of both on cell proliferation of three different types of breast cancer cell lines.
METHODS: The samples were MCF7, SKBR3, and MDA-MB 213 cell lines. Cell proliferation rate was measured using colorimetric and clonogenic assays.
RESULTS: The cell proliferation rate of MDA-MB 231 cells was reduced significantly by treatment I2, I3K, and combination of both with p = 0.046, p = 0.00, and p = 0.00, respectively. In MCF7 cells, I2 reduced the cell proliferation of 54–94% and I3K reduced the proliferation of 74–94%. The effectiveness of I3K treatments in slowing cell proliferation rate was dose-dependent. In SKBR3 cells, I2reduced proliferation cell up to 85% and I3K 4%-94% depending on the dose. Clonogenic assay results showed a discontinue of the cell proliferation by all doses of I2 and I3K (10 μM and 20 μM).
CONCLUSION: Breast cancer cell lines, representing subtypes of luminal A, HER2+, and triple-negative, show an excellent response to iodine treatments and I3K response shows in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies are needed to investigate the effective in vivo doses.
Effect of Revaccination with Recombinant Hepatitis B Virus Vaccine Containing Higher Antigen Concentration in Non-responder Children
Authors: Ruslie Riska Habriel , Sirega Gontar Alamsyah
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B is a global health problem carrying significant morbidity and mortality. Vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been implemented with good effectiveness, but a small proportion of children do not respond well after complete routine vaccination. They are called non-responders and are at higher risk for HBV infection.
AIM: The objective of the study was to determine the effect of revaccination with recombinant HBV vaccine containing higher antigen concentration in non-responder children.
METHODS: A prospective study was conducted from January 2018 until December 2019. Inclusion criteria were children aged 9–15 months and had three doses of recombinant HBV at 0, 1, and 6 months old. Exclusion criteria were the presence of acute or chronic hepatitis B and conditions which alter immune function and immunosuppressant medications consumption. Demographic and clinical characteristics were gathered from each subject along with serum HBsAb titer examination. Subjects with serum anti-hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAb) titer of <10 IU/L were classified into non-responders and underwent revaccination with 3 doses of vaccine containing 20 μg HBsAg. The revaccination series was repeated until all subjects showed seroconversion. After each series, repeated serum HBsAb titer measurements were conducted.
RESULTS: A total of 400 children were enrolled in this study with a mean age of 12.1 (SD 2.64) months. Subjects were dominated with females (54.0) and normal nutritional status (79.0). The rate of non-responsiveness was 9.0%. Of all non-responders, 88.9% experienced seroconversion after the first revaccination series. After the third revaccination series, all subjects had serum HBsAb titer at the protective level.
CONCLUSION: Revaccination with recombinant HBV vaccine containing higher antigen concentration in non-responder children is effective.
Orchioepididymitis Tuberculosis in Limited Setting: A Case Report and Brief Literature Review
Authors: Koerniawan Heru Sutanto , Yudiana Wayan , Indratama I Made Bayu , Novitasari Novitasari , Ramandey Yofatifa
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health concern and highly prevalent in Indonesia. Extrapulmonary TB presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Clinically, orchioepididymitis TB of the scrotum often cannot be distinguished from lesions such as tumor and infarction, especially in apparently healthy patients.
CASE REPORT: We present a rare case of unilateral orchioepididymitis TB which present as a testicular tumor resulted in the removal of the testis.
CONCLUSION: The pathological finding revealed orchioepididymitis TB.