bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electron Reservoir MoO3–x‐Driven Cu+ Doped Nanozyme with Enhanced Antibacterial Activity via Disrupting Redox Homeostasis
Authors: Wang Xiaoning , Cao Mengyu , Zhu Xuehui , Yu Jinping , Liu Yuting , Li Aihua , Xu Yuanhong
Published: May 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Redox nanozymes offer an appealing reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐based antibacterial strategy via disrupting intracellular homeostasis, however, they still face many obstacles such as low enzymic activity and irreversible loss of catalytic active center. Meanwhile, the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) overexpressed in infected sites would limit the therapy efficiency. Herein, we develop a multifunctional nanozyme based on copper(I) (Cu+) ion doped MoO3–x (Cu+‐MoO3–x) by a simple yet efficient oxygen vacancy‐reduced strategy without any pretreatment or additional agents. The resultant Cu+‐MoO3–x hybrid possesses enhanced peroxidase‐like (POD‐like) activity, rapid GSH‐depleting function and biodegradable ability. It can achieve highly efficient elimination of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) via disrupting cellular redox balance. More intriguingly, GSH‐depleting redox reaction between Cu+‐MoO3–x and GSH could translate Mo6+ into Mo5+, thereby leading to partial recovery of POD‐like activity of Cu+‐MoO3–x hybrid for continuous ∙OH generation. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that Cu+‐MoO3–x hybrid had stronger antibacterial property compared to MoO3–x by rapid GSH consumption and plentiful ∙OH generation without providing extra H2O2, as well as neglective toxicity to healthy organs. In view of its remarkable enzymic activity and good biosafety, the developed Cu+‐MoO3–x redox nanozyme can be used as a promising antimicrobial for P. aeruginosa infection.
Dual‐Stoichiometry Copper Sulphide Nanoparticles by Laser Ablation in DMSO: Synthesis and Biomedical Applications for Enhanced Photothermal Therapy and Photoacoustic Imaging
Authors: Taylan Umut , Akçimen Samet , Eş Ismail , Küçük Beyza Nur , Tekgül Esra Kendir , Çelebi Çağatay , Kumru Yasin , Köymen Hayrettin , Inci Fatih , Ortaç Bülend
Published: May 2024

Copper sulphide nanoparticles are synthesized by laser ablation of a copper target in DMSO by a 527 nm nanosecond pulsed laser. These nanoparticles have double stoichiometry (CuS and Cu1.8S) and crystalline structures, sizes under 30 nm, and they present substantial absorbance in the second near‐infrared window and photoluminescence in the visible region. The nanoparticles are used as photothermal and photoacoustic agents at 1080 nm and 1064 nm, respectively. Utilizing as a photothermal agent, these nanoparticles rapidly exhibit local heating, photothermal stability, and a temperature change of 52.2 °C within 300 s at 1 mg mL−1 concentration and 3.23 W cm−2 laser intensity. On the other hand, while employed as a photoacoustic agent, they enhanced the contrast significantly and increased the brightness proportional to their concentrations when compared to ultrasound imaging. Additionally, the biocompatibility properties of these nanoparticles were tested with cancer cells, and they were subjected to laser ablation to assess their photothermal effects. In this article, we demonstrate that copper sulphide nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation hold great promise for photothermal and photoacoustic applications, especially in biomedical applications.
Dynamic edge clustering and task scheduling for edge assisted metaverse system in the field of remote work and collaboration
Authors: Renugadevi R. , Kalaivani C. T. , Arul Edwin Raj A. , Gracewell Jeffin
Published: May 2024

The metaverse, a future digital world for living, working, learning, and interacting, is rapidly gaining significance, particularly in the domain of remote work and collaboration. This emerging digital landscape demands high‐performance, low‐latency, and scalable services to provide an immersive user experience. The current technology used in metaverse systems has some limitations, which emphasize the importance of adopting emerging technologies like Edge Computing (EC). However, as the number of users and data volume increases, it can impact both system performance and scalability of the edge‐assisted metaverse system. Additionally, the uneven distribution of edge servers can cause inconsistencies and result in high latency. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes a dynamic edge clustering and task scheduling approach for edge‐assisted metaverse systems (DTAM) in the field of remote work and collaboration. The proposed approach addresses the challenges of high user volume and uneven resource distribution by incorporating dynamic clustering and edge server assistance to improve clustering performance. Furthermore, a Prioritized Experience Replay‐based Deep Q‐learning algorithm with state augmentation (PERDQSA) for task scheduling is introduced to improve sample efficiency and performance. The performance of the proposed DTAM is evaluated against existing techniques, and experimental results demonstrate its significant superiority in terms of specific metrics such as bandwidth, task response time, energy efficiency, and latency. The experiments demonstrated that DTAM outperforms Transformation‐based Edge Computing Deep Q‐Learning (TransEC‐DQL) in several key metrics. Specifically, DTAM achieves 28.5% reduction in latency, 13.7% reduction in response time, and 6.4% improvement in bandwidth compared to TransEC‐DQL. These results signify that DTAM can deliver a significantly enhanced user experience in the metaverse, particularly in the context of remote work and collaboration.
Synergistic Effects of MOFs and Noble Metals in Photocatalytic Reactions: Mechanisms and Applications
Authors: Qi Xiao‐Chen , Lang Feifan , Li Cha , Liu Ming‐Wu , Wang Yu‐Fen , Pang Jiandong
Published: May 2024

Photocatalytic technology can efficiently convert solar energy to chemical energy and this process is considered as one of the green and sustainable technology for practical implementation. In recent years, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted widespread attention due to their unique advantages and have been widely applied in the field of photocatalysis. Among them, noble metals have contributed significant advances to the field as effective catalysts in photocatalytic reactions. Importantly, noble metals can also form a synergistic catalytic effect with MOFs to further improve the efficiency of photocatalytic reactions. However, how to precisely control the synergistic effect between MOFs and noble metals to improve the photocatalytic performance of materials still needs to be further studied. In this review, the synergistic effects of MOFs and noble metal catalysts in photocatalytic reactions are firstly summarized in terms of noble metal nanoparticles, noble metal monoatoms, noble metal compounds, and noble metal complexes, and focus on the mechanisms and advantages of these synergistic effects, so as to provide useful guidance for the further research and application of MOFs and contribute to the development of the field of photocatalysis.
Preparation of Highly Crystalline Nano Ca(OH)2and Its Comparative Assessment with Commonly Used Materials for the Protection of Wall Paintings
Authors: Zhao Ting , Ding Nian‐Chen , Guo Rui , Fang Yuan , Zhu Jian‐Feng , Yang Wen‐Zong , Qin Yi
Published: May 2024

Due to the ecocompatibility with carbonate‐based substrates, Ca(OH)2nanoparticles are currently used for cultural heritage conservation such as wall paintings. However, the nano Ca(OH)2still suffers from different forms and poor uniformity, limiting its application potential. Also, there is a lack of systematic comparative studies between nano Ca(OH)2and the commonly used wall painting reinforcement materials. In this study, homogeneous hexagonal nano Ca(OH)2particles with a size of ≈100 nm are successfully prepared through the convenient chemical liquid phase method and by utilizing surfactants to control the growth. The resulting nano Ca(OH)2is less agglomerated and has superior crystalline morphology, prolonged suspension time, and more suitable carbonation time in comparison to commercial Ca(OH)2materials. Additionally, the reinforcement effect of the resulting nano‐Ca(OH)2with that of the commonly used pigment layer reinforcement materials such as AC33, B72, Tetraethyl orthosilicate, WPU (Waterborne polyurethane) and commercial Ca(OH)2is systematically compared. The synthesized nano Ca(OH)2penetrated wall painting blocks to a depth of 683 µm, three times deeper than commercial Ca(OH)2, achieving moderate color deviation, higher flexural strength (0.529 MPa), and bond strength (1.105 mg cm−2), thus highlighting its potential in wall painting reinforcement and expanding its application scope.
Advances in the Removal of Organic Pollutants from Water by Photocatalytic Activation of Persulfate: Photocatalyst Modification Strategy and Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Xin Yue , Wang Yongjie , Jiang Zhongqing , Deng Binglu , Jiang Zhong‐Jie
Published: May 2024

Environmental pollution caused by persistent organic pollutants has imposed big threats to the health of human and ecological systems. The development of efficient methods to effectively degrade and remove these persistent organic pollutants is therefore of paramount importance. Photocatalytic persulfate‐based advanced oxidation technologies (PS‐AOTs), which depend on the highly reactive SO4− radicals generated by the activation of PS to degrade persistent organic pollutants, have shown great promise. This work discusses the application and modification strategies of common photocatalysts in photocatalytic PS‐AOTs, and compares the degradation performance of different catalysts for pollutants. Furthermore, essential elements impacting photocatalytic PS‐AOTs are discussed, including the water matrix, reaction process mechanism, pollutant degradation pathway, singlet oxygen generation, and potential PS hazards. Finally, the existing issues and future challenges of photocatalytic PS‐AOTs are summarized and prospected to encourage their practical application. In particular, by providing new insights into the PS‐AOTs, this review sheds light on the opportunities and challenges for the development of photocatalysts with advanced features for the PS‐AOTs, which will be of great interests to promote better fundamental understanding of the PS‐AOTs and their practical applications.
A grid connection photovoltaic inverter with volt‐VAR control and reactive power support for voltage regulation
Authors: Júnior Lúcio Rogério , de Moura Carvalho Henrique Tannús , Rodrigues Danillo Borges , Alves Guilherme Henrique , Freitas Luiz Carlos Gomes , Coelho Ernane Antônio Alves
Published: May 2024

This paper presents the development of a single‐phase voltage source inverter (VSI) of 3.5KW, applied to grid‐connected photovoltaic systems (GCPS). The proposed system has a boost interface converter connected to a full bridge inverter with an LCL filter. Each block that constitutes the proposed GCPS is described in detail, containing the specifications of the solar modules, the design of the power circuit components, the mathematical modeling, and the control design of the converters. The presentation of the Volt‐VAR Control (VVC) highlights the contribution of this work, where it is implemented with the intention of the inverter to supply/consume reactive power, in order to minimize voltage variations at the point of common coupling (PCC). To validate the inverter operation with VVC, three cases are presented, encompassing grid voltage and irradiance variations, and load steps. Through the PCC voltage profiles, currents, and power supplied/consumed, the means to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control is shown. The results obtained through the PSIM simulations and verified by Typhoon Hardware in the Loop (HIL) model, showed the regulation of grid voltage levels for all established conditions.
Chronic anthropogenic disturbance mediates the bottom‐up influence of plant diversity on arthropods in tropical forests
Authors: Gaoue Orou G. , Bassoki Hermann , Dassou Anicet G.
Published: May 2024

Understanding how primary productivity and diversity affect secondary productivity is an important debate in ecology with implications for biodiversity conservation. Particularly, how plant diversity influences arthropod diversity contributes to our understanding of trophic cascades and species coexistence. Previous studies show a positive correlation between plant and arthropod diversity. The theory of associational resistance suggests that plant herbivory rate will decrease with increasing plant diversity indicating feedbacks between primary diversity, productivity, and secondary productivity rates. However, our understanding of how these relations are mediated by anthropogenic disturbance is still limited. We surveyed 10 forest sites, half of which are disturbed by fire, logging, and tree pruning, distributed in two climatic zones in Benin, West Africa. We established 100 transects to record plant species and sampled arthropods using pitfall traps, ceramic plates with bait, and sweeping nets. We developed a structural equation model to test the mediating effect of chronic anthropogenic disturbance on plant diversity and how it influences arthropod diversity and abundance. Arthropod diversity increased but arthropod abundance decreased with increasing intensity of disturbance. We found no significant bottom‐up influence of the plant diversity on arthropod diversity but a significant plant diversity–arthropod abundance relationship. Some arthropod guilds were significantly affected by plant diversity. Finally, herbivory rates were positively associated with arthropod diversity.Synthesis. Our results highlight how chronic anthropogenic disturbance can mediate the functional links between trophic levels in terms of diversity and productivity. Our study demonstrated a decoupled response of arthropod diversity and abundance to disturbance. The direct positive influence of plant diversity on herbivory rates we found in our study provides counter‐support for the theory of associational resistance.
Estimating distribution and abundance of wide‐ranging species with integrated spatial models: Opportunities revealed by the first wolf assessment in south‐central Italy
Authors: Gervasi Vincenzo , Aragno Paola , Salvatori Valeria , Caniglia Romolo , De Angelis Daniele , Fabbri Elena , La Morgia Valentina , Marucco Francesca , Velli Edoardo , Genovesi Piero
Published: May 2024

Estimating demographic parameters for wide‐ranging and elusive species living at low density is challenging, especially at the scale of an entire country. To produce wolf distribution and abundance estimates for the whole south‐central portion of the Italian wolf population, we developed an integrated spatial model, based on the data collected during a 7‐month sampling campaign in 2020–2021. Data collection comprised an extensive survey of wolf presence signs, and an intensive survey in 13 sampling areas, aimed at collecting non‐invasive genetic samples (NGS). The model comprised (i) a single‐season, multiple data‐source, multi‐event occupancy model and (ii) a spatially explicit capture‐recapture model. The information about species' absence was used to inform local density estimates. We also performed a simulation‐based assessment, to estimate the best conditions for optimizing sub‐sampling and population modelling in the future. The integrated spatial model estimated that 74.2% of the study area in south‐central Italy (95% CIs = 70.5% to 77.9%) was occupied by wolves, for a total extent of the wolf distribution of 108,534 km2 (95% CIs = 103,200 to 114,000). The estimate of total population size for the Apennine wolf population was of 2557 individuals (SD = 171.5; 95% CIs = 2127 to 2844). Simulations suggested that the integrated spatial model was associated with an average tendency to slightly underestimate population size. Also, the main contribution of the integrated approach was to increase precision in the abundance estimates, whereas it did not affect accuracy significantly. In the future, the area subject to NGS should be increased to at least 30%, while at least a similar proportion should be sampled for presence‐absence data, to further improve the accuracy of population size estimates and avoid the risk of underestimation. This approach could be applied to other wide‐ranging species and in other geographical areas, but specific a priori evaluations of model requirements and expected performance should be made.
Role of body size and shape in animal camouflage
Authors: Yu Hongmin , Lin Zhixue , Xiao Fanrong
Published: May 2024

Animal camouflage serves a dual purpose in that it enhances both predation efficiency and anti‐predation strategies, such as background matching, disruptive coloration, countershading, and masquerade, for predators and prey, respectively. Although body size and shape determine the appearance of animals, potentially affecting their camouflage effectiveness, research over the past two centuries has primarily focused on animal coloration. Over the past two decades, attention has gradually shifted to the impact of body size and shape on camouflage. In this review, we discuss the impact of animal body size and shape on camouflage and identify research issues and challenges. A negative correlation between background matching effectiveness and an animal's body size has been reported, whereas flatter body shapes enhance background matching. The effectiveness of disruptive coloration is also negatively correlated with body size, whereas irregular body shapes physically disrupt the body outline, reducing the visibility of true edges and making it challenging for predators to identify prey. Countershading is most likely in larger mammals with smaller individuals, whereas body size is unrelated to countershading in small‐bodied taxa. Body shape influences a body reflectance, affecting the form of countershading coloration exhibited by animals. Animals employing masquerade achieve camouflage by resembling inanimate objects in their habitats in terms of body size and shape. Empirical and theoretical research has found that body size affects camouflage strategies by determining key aspects of an animal's appearance and predation risk and that body shape plays a role in the form and effectiveness of camouflage coloration. However, the mechanisms underlying these adaptations remain elusive, and a relative dearth of research on other camouflage strategies. We underscore the necessity for additional research to investigate the interplay between animal morphology and camouflage strategies and their coevolutionary development, and we recommend directions for future research.
Sacubitril/valsartan and cardiovascular biomarkers among patients with recent COVID‐19 infection: The PARACOR‐19 randomized clinical trial
Authors: Greene Stephen J. , Chambers RaKavius , Lerman Joseph B. , Harrington Josephine , deFilippi Christopher R , Wendell David C. , Kim Han W. , Green Cynthia L. , Butler Javed , Felker G. Michael
Published: May 2024

Aims

The PARACOR‐19 randomized controlled trial (RCT) was designed to examine the effects of sacubitril/valsartan on markers of cardiac injury, inflammation, structure, and function among patients who have recovered from acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection.

Methods and results

PARACOR‐19 was a single‐centre, double‐blind RCT of patients with cardiovascular risk factors and a history of COVID‐19 infection 4–16 weeks prior to enrolment. Patients were randomized to sacubitril/valsartan (titrated to the maximum dose of 97/103 mg twice daily) versus matching placebo. Co‐primary endpoints were change from baseline to 12 weeks in high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT) and soluble ST2 (sST2). Exploratory endpoints included change from baseline to 12 weeks in additional circulating biomarkers. Overall, 42 patients were randomized between August 2021 and March 2023 (n = 20 sacubitril/valsartan, n = 22 placebo). Median (25th–75th) time from COVID‐19 diagnosis to enrolment was 67 (48–80) days. Median age was 67 (62–71) years, 48% were female, and 91% were White. Compared with placebo, sacubitril/valsartan did not have a significant effect on the co‐primary endpoints of change from baseline in hs‐TnT and sST2 (all p ≥ 0.29). In exploratory analyses, sacubitril/valsartan led to a 46% greater reduction in N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and 51% greater reduction in C‐terminal telopeptide of collagen type I (CITP). Permanent drug discontinuation occurred in four patients in the sacubitril/valsartan group and three patients in the placebo group. There were no deaths and one patient was hospitalized in each group.

Conclusion

In this pilot RCT of patients who recovered from acute COVID‐19, sacubitril/valsartan did not lower hs‐cTnT or sST2 compared with placebo. Exploratory analyses suggested potential benefits of sacubitril/valsartan on cardiac wall stress and collagen turnover as measured by NT‐proBNP and CITP. Sacubitril/valsartan was well tolerated.

Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04883528.
Frailty according to the 2019 HFA‐ESC definition in patients at risk for advanced heart failure: Insights from the HELP‐HF registry
Authors: Villaschi Alessandro , Chiarito Mauro , Pagnesi Matteo , Stolfo Davide , Baldetti Luca , Lombardi Carlo Mario , Adamo Marianna , Loiacono Ferdinando , Sammartino Antonio Maria , Colombo Giada , Tomasoni Daniela , Inciardi Riccardo Maria , Maccallini Marta , Gasparini Gaia , Montella Marco , Contessi Stefano , Cocianni Daniele , Perotto Maria , Barone Giuseppe , Merlo Marco , Vitale Cristiana , Rosano Giuseppe Massimo Claudio , Cappelletti Alberto Maria , Sinagra Gianfranco , Metra Marco , Pini Daniela
Published: May 2024

Aims

Frailty is highly prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF), but a concordant definition of this condition is lacking. The Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (HFA‐ESC) proposed in 2019 a new multi‐domain definition of frailty, but it has never been validated.

Methods and results

Patients from the HELP‐HF registry were stratified according to the number of HFA‐ESC frailty domains fulfilled and to the cumulative deficits frailty index (FI) quintiles. Prevalence of frailty and of each domain was reported, as well as the rate of the composite of all‐cause death and HF hospitalization, its single components, and cardiovascular death in each group and quintile. Among 854 included patients, 37 (4.3%), 206 (24.1%), 365 (42.8%), 217 (25.4%), and 29 (3.4%) patients fulfilled zero, one, two, three, or four domains, respectively, while 179 patients had a FI < 0.21 and were considered not frail. The 1‐year risk of adverse events increased proportionally to the number of domains fulfilled (for each criterion increase, all‐cause death or HF hospitalization: hazard ratio [HR] 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27–1.62; all‐cause death: HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.46–2.02, HF hospitalizations: subHR 1.21, 95% CI 1.04–1.31; cardiovascular death: HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.45–2.15). Consistent results were found stratifying the cohort for FI quintiles. The FI as a continuous variable demonstrated higher discriminative ability than the number of domains fulfilled (area under the curve = 0.68 vs. 0.64, p = 0.004).

Conclusion

Frailty in patients at risk for advanced HF, assessed via a multi‐domain approach and the FI, is highly prevalent and identifies those at increased risk of adverse events. The FI was found to be slightly more effective in identifying patients at increased risk of mortality.
The state of play for contact training and coaching in women's rugby
Authors: Stodter Anna , Dane Kathryn
Published: May 2024

This article aims to review and comment upon the current “state of play” for research around contact and tackle training in women's rugby, covering tackle injury risk, match contact demands, players' experiences of contact coaching and contact skill preparation. In women's rugby, the tackle is the most common match technical‐physical contest, accounting for around two‐thirds of all injuries and carrying the greatest injury burden. Players' experience and technical abilities are key determinants of tackle safety and performance. Despite this, there is limited research available that connects insight into women's rugby contact demands with the how and why of effective tackle and contact training and coaching in context. This review suggests that adapting and adopting progressive tackle skill training frameworks and gender‐responsive coaching practices can aid tackle skill learning in women's rugby. Creative transdisciplinary research and more effective translation and implementation activities that take place within the vibrant and growing context of women's rugby can enhance science and safety whilst working as a medium for social change.
A “Leaf‐Vein” Flow Channel Design for the Improvement of Oxygen Transporting in a Large‐Scale Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis Cell
Authors: Li Yuxin , Liu Xiaolong , Chen Longfei , Li Jinpei , Zhu Daiman , Li Yongli
Published: May 2024

In a proton exchange membrane electrolysis cell (PEMEC), the oxygen generated on the anode side diffuses into the flow channel and forms a gas–liquid two‐phase flow with liquid water. In order to increase the production of hydrogen, larger sized PEMEC would be favorable other than series connection of smaller ones, which can save cost, though the corresponding flow channel design is lacked. Herein, a “leaf‐vein” bionic flow channel for large‐scale PEMEC (the activation area is 1350 cm2) is proposed. A 3D mixture and steady model of the PEMEC is developed to characterize the two‐phase flow in the flow field. Detailed analyses of geometric parameters are conducted through orthogonal test to determine the optimal channel geometry. The numerical results show that the optimized design of PEMEC increases medium and low oxygen gas content, and reduces pressure drop compared to traditional flow channels. An interdigitated leaf‐vein flow field is applied, which effectively alleviates gas blockage problems. This article will provide a theoretical basis for large‐scale PEMEC manufacturing.
Effects of Multispectral Absorbing Coating on the Generated Voltage of Solar Radiation–Thermoelectric System
Authors: Liu Bo , Feng Jie , Shi Guo‐Hua , Wang Zi‐Ang
Published: May 2024

The effective utilization of solar energy is an important development direction to realize the exploration of clean energy. Herein, a model of solar radiation–thermoelectric generation (TEG) system is established, which is composed of solar absorbing coating and TEG component. Five different microscopic structures of coating are designed and the spectral absorption properties are numerically analyzed with the finite‐difference time‐domain method. Then, the absorbed solar energy and produced open‐circuit voltage with different coating structures are compared, with the coupling calculation of temperature field and electromagnetic field achieved. Additionally, the effects of structural size parameters on the output voltage performance are discussed. It can be observed that the absorbing coating can effectively improve the performance of TEG component, and the multilayer structure with appropriate gold particle diameter chosen is an optimization research direction for more efficient energy conversion.
Pd/TiO2 decorated carbon fibers as an efficient anode catalyst for methanol electro‐oxidation
Authors: Yin Lei , Wang Chenxing , Liu Yusong , Su Xiaolei , Song Yanyan , Liu Yi
Published: May 2024

In this study, Pd/TiO2 decorated carbon nanofibers (Pd/TiO2@CNFs) and Pd@CNFs were prepared by the impregnation method for application in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Pd and TiO2 particles were supported on the surface of carbon fibers. Noticeably, When the mass fraction of PdCl2 added is 4%, the Pd@CNFs catalyst (Pd‐4@CNFs) showed higher electrocatalytic activity and stability, which were about 28.4 and 13.2 times higher than those of commercial Pd/C catalyst, respectively. On the basis of Pd‐4@CNFs catalyst, TiO2 with a mass fraction of 10% was added to produce Pd/TiO2@CNFs catalyst (Pd‐4/TiO2‐10@CNFs). The electrocatalytic activity of Pd‐4/TiO2‐10@CNFs increased to 3,850.4 A·g−1, which was 31.9 times higher than that of commercial Pd/C catalysts. These results demonstrated that the novel Pd/TiO2@CNFs catalyst is expected to be an efficient and durable catalyst for DMFC.
Real‐world data on diagnostics, treatment and outcomes of patients with hairy cell leukemia: The HCL‐CLLEAR study
Authors: Panovská Anna , Žák Pavel , Jurková Tereza , Arpáš Tomáš , Brychtová Yvona , Vašíková Alžběta , Hrabčáková Viera , Prchlíková Adéla , Filipová Martina , Doubek Michael
Published: May 2024

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and HCL‐like disorders have to be distinguished because of their different biology and treatment response. Thus, we conducted a retrospective study on patients with HCL and hairy cell leukemia variant (HCLv) to assess diagnostic algorithms and treatment outcomes in a real‐world setting. We analyzed 225 HCL and 26 HCLv patients with median follow‐up of 67.9 months (HCL) and 20.1 months (HCLv). Median age at diagnosis was 56.2 (HCL) and 69.5 years (HCLv), male predominance was observed in both groups (76.0% vs. 73.1%). Diagnostics was mostly based on morphological evidence of hairy cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow. At diagnosis, BRAF V600E mutation was detected in 94.7% of examined HCL patients and in no HCLv patient. Front‐line treatment was indicated in 205 (91.1%) HCL and 18 (69.2%) HCLv patients. The majority of HCL patients were administered a cladribine‐based regimen (91.2%). Overall response rate (ORR) was higher in cladribine‐treated patients compared to those given other treatments (97.7% vs. 81.3%), the same applied with achieving Complete remission (CR) (91.2% vs. 62.5%). HCLv treatment was heterogeneous, but cladribine remained the most frequent option (44.4%) with ORR 81.3% and CR rates 43.8%. Second‐line treatment was indicated in 52 HCL and 8 HCLv patients, 25.4% and 44.4% of those treated in first‐line. In the whole HCL group, median time to next treatment (TTNT) was not reached and 10‐year TTNT was estimated at 74.1%. HCLv patients who underwent first‐line treatment had a median TTNT of 56 months. The median overall survival (OS) in HCL patients was not reached compared to HCLv with a median OS of 9.5 years. These data confirm an excellent prognosis for HCL patients treated with cladribine‐based therapy. On the contrary, HCLv with its aggressive behavior represents a group of patients in whom novel treatment approaches are needed.
How hospital autonomy affects provider payment reform effectiveness
Authors: Tsuei Sian Hsiang‐Te , Yip Winnie (Chi‐Man)
Published: May 2024

Background

Provider payment reforms (PPRs) have demonstrated mixed results for improving health system efficiency. Since PPRs require health care organisations to interpret and implement policies, the organizational characteristics of hospitals may affect the effectiveness of PPRs. Hospitals with more autonomy have the flexibility to respond to PPRs more efficiently, but they may not if the autonomy previously facilitated behaviours that counter the PPR's objective. This study examines whether hospitals with higher autonomy responds to PPRs more effectively.

Methods

We used data from a matched‐pair, cluster randomized controlled PPR intervention in a resource‐limited Chinese province between 2014 and 2018. The intervention reformed the reimbursement method from the publicly administered New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) from fee‐for‐service to global budget. We interacted measures of hospital autonomy over surplus, hiring, and procurement (drugs, consumables, equipment, and overall index) with the difference‐in‐difference estimator to examine how autonomy moderated the intervention's effect.

Results

Autonomy over surplus (p < 0.01) and procurement of equipment (p < 0.01) were associated with relatively faster NCMS expenditure growth, demonstrating worse PPR response. They were also associated with higher expenditure shifting to out‐of‐pocket expenditures (p > 0.05). Post hoc analysis suggests that hospitals with surplus autonomy had higher OOP per admission (p < 0.01), suggesting profiteering tendencies. Other dimensions of autonomy demonstrated imprecise association.

Discussion

Hospitals with more autonomy may not necessarily respond more effectively to PPRs that incentivise efficiency when they had previously been encouraged to maximise profit. Policymakers should assess the extent of perverse incentives before granting autonomy and adjust the incentives accordingly.
Prescribing patterns in patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder: Retrospective, single‐center study
Authors: Knebel Joshua , Kennedy M. Lindsey Hedgepeth
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is marked by a high rate of treatment resistance. Patients are often left trialing medications within multiple drug classes with little response, causing heterogeneity to emerge in prescribing patterns. This analysis seeks to investigate the selection and dosing of the pharmacotherapy utilized, to portray an overview of prescribing trends in the United States.

Methods

This retrospective, single center, review of electronic medical records investigated the pharmacotherapy utilization of patients with a primary diagnosis of OCD. Two hundred and ninety‐five patients who received OCD treatment at an urban, academic medical center were included in the study. Patients were included in the review if they were at least eighteen years of age and were assigned a diagnosis of OCD according to DSM‐5 criteria.

Results

Psychotropic pharmacotherapy was integrated into the care of 93% of patients. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were the most utilized medication class at 85% followed by benzodiazepines (47%) and second‐generation antipsychotics (37%). Tricyclic antidepressants and first‐generation antipsychotics were the two medication classes utilized the least at 13% and 2% respectively. Additionally, mood stabilizers and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors were utilized at rates of 8% and 16%, respectively.

Conclusions

Evidence‐based treatment guidelines are being followed with varying augmentation strategies widely prevalent, thus displaying the heterogeneity in treating OCD. A high rate of benzodiazepine utilization highlights a practice trend with potential ties to clinical factors, such as the latency to treatment effect of other first‐line pharmacotherapies. Future prospective studies are required to determine the cultural, pharmacoeconomic and pharmacogenomic factors that contribute to the variation in prescribing practices and whether these variations influence treatment outcomes.
Dissolving the mystery of subsurface controls on snowmelt–discharge dynamics in karst mountain watersheds using hydrologic timeseries
Authors: Thurber Daniel , Lane Belize , Xu Tianfang , Neilson Bethany T.
Published: May 2024

Streamflow generation in mountain watersheds is strongly influenced by snow accumulation and melt as well as groundwater connectivity. In mountainous regions with limestone and dolomite geology, bedrock formations can host karst aquifers, which play a significant role in snowmelt–discharge dynamics. However, mapping complex karst features and the resulting surface‐groundwater exchanges at large scales remains infeasible. In this study, timeseries analysis of continuous discharge and specific conductance measurements were combined with gridded snowmelt predictions to characterize seasonal streamflow response and evaluate dominant watershed controls across 12 monitoring sites in a karstified 554 km2 watershed in northern Utah, USA. Immense surface water hydrologic variability across subcatchments, years and seasons was linked to geologic controls on groundwater dynamics. Unlike many mountain watersheds, the variability between subcatchments could not be well described by typical watershed properties, including elevation or surficial geology. To fill this gap, a conceptual framework was proposed to characterize subsurface controls on snowmelt–discharge dynamics in karst mountain watersheds in terms of conduit flow direction, aquifer storage capacity and connectivity. This framework requires only readily measured surface water and climatic data from nested monitoring sites and was applied to the study watershed to demonstrate its applicability for evaluating dominant controls and climate sensitivity.
Clinical research on neurological and psychiatric diagnosis and monitoring using wearable devices: A literature review
Authors: Huang Jielin , Wang Huidi , Wu Qiheng , Yin Jia , Zhou Hongwei , He Yan
Published: May 2024

Wearable devices have opened up exciting possibilities for monitoring and managing home health, particularly in the realm of neurological and psychiatric diseases. These devices capture signals related to physiological and behavioral changes, including heart rate, sleep patterns, and motor functions. Their emergence has resulted in significant advancements in the management of such conditions. Traditional clinical diagnosis and assessment methods heavily rely on patient reports and evaluations conducted by healthcare professionals, often leading to a detachment of patients from their home environment and creating additional burdens for both patients and healthcare providers. The increasing popularity of wearable devices offers a potential solution to these challenges. This review focuses on the clinical utility of wearable devices in diagnosing and monitoring neurological and psychiatric diseases. Through research findings and practical examples, we highlight the potential role of wearable devices in diagnosing and monitoring conditions such as autism spectrum disorder, depression, epilepsy, stroke prognosis, Parkinson's disease, dementia, and other diseases. Additionally, the review discusses the benefits and limitations of wearable devices in clinical applications, while highlighting the challenges they face. Finally, it provides prospects for enhancing the value of wearable devices in the monitoring and diagnosis of neurological and psychiatric diseases.
Hepatotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles
Authors: Khan Jangrez , Kim Nicholas D. , Bromhead Collette , Truman Penelope , Kruger Marlena C. , Mallard Beth L.
Published: May 2024

The food additive E171 (titanium dioxide, TiO2), is widely used in foods, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. It is a fine white powder, with at least one third of its particles sized in the nanoparticulate (˂100 nm range, TiO2 NPs). The use of E171 is controversial as its relevant risk assessment has never been satisfactorily accomplished. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown dose‐dependent toxicity in various organs including the liver. TiO2 NPs have been shown to induce inflammation, cell death and structural and functional changes within the liver. The toxicity of TiO2 NPs in experimental models varies between organs and according to their physiochemical characteristics and parameters such as dosage and route of administration. Among these factors, ingestion is the most significant exposure route, and the liver is a key target organ. The aim of this review is to highlight the reported adverse effects of orally administered TiO2 NPs on the liver and to discuss the controversial state of its toxicity.
In vitro proliferation and differentiation of mouse spermatogonial stem cells in decellularized human placenta matrix
Authors: Asgari Fatemeh , Asgari Hamidreza , Najafi Mohammad , Hajiaghalou Samira , Pirhajati‐Mahabadi Vahid , Mohammadi Amirhossein , Gholipourmalekabadi Mazaher , Koruji Morteza
Published: May 2024

Utilizing natural scaffold production derived from extracellular matrix components presents a promising strategy for advancing in vitro spermatogenesis. In this study, we employed decellularized human placental tissue as a scaffold, upon which neonatal mouse spermatogonial cells (SCs) were cultured three‐dimensional (3D) configuration. To assess cellular proliferation, we examined the expression of key markers (Id4 and Gfrα1) at both 1 and 14 days into the culture. Our quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) analysis revealed a notable increase in Gfrα1 gene expression, with the 3D culture group exhibiting the highest levels. Furthermore, the relative frequency of Gfrα1‐positive cells significantly rose from 38.1% in isolated SCs to 46.13% and 76.93% in the two‐dimensional (2D) and 3D culture systems, respectively. Moving forward to days 14 and 35 of the culture period, we evaluated the expression of differentiating markers (Sycp3, acrosin, and Protamine 1). Sycp3 and Prm1 gene expression levels were upregulated in both 2D and 3D cultures, with the 3D group displaying the highest expression. Additionally, acrosin gene expression increased notably within the 3D culture. Notably, at the 35‐day mark, the percentage of Prm1‐positive cells in the 3D group (36.4%) significantly surpassed that in the 2D group (10.96%). This study suggests that the utilization of placental scaffolds holds significant promise as a bio‐scaffold for enhancing mouse in vitro spermatogenesis.
Diagnostic value of imaging in patients with clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma: A case series and literature review
Authors: Song Yuxuan , Yang Ran , Zhang Xiujuan , Shi Jiahong , Pan Qizheng
Published: May 2024

Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPRCC) is a newly classified renal cell carcinoma with a low degree of malignancy. Its imaging features have not been studied deeply. Therefore, we reviewed the imaging features of CCPRCC. Solid CCPRCC shows high echo or isoecho mass on conventional ultrasound. Contrast enhanced ultrasound shows “fast forward and slow backward, uneven high enhancement”. Computed tomography shows high enhancement and maximum enhancement in the cortical‐medullary phase. Magnetic resonance imaging shows slightly low T1WI and high T2WI. This article aims to improve the understanding of CCPRCC by clinical radiologists and promote the accurate.
Self‐directed learning in dental hygiene students: Impact of locus of control and personality traits
Authors: Machakos Teresa , Boyd Linda D. , Oh Uhlee , Vineyard Jared
Published: May 2024

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to identify demographic variables, the level of self‐directed learning (SDL), locus of control (LOC), and personality traits in dental hygiene (DH) students and to identify predictive variables for SDL.

Methods

Cross‐sectional survey research was conducted with a convenience sample of DH students (n = 229) in the United States using a web‐based survey. The validated instruments used were the Self‐Directed Learning Instrument (SDLI) to determine level of SDL, the Academic Locus of Control (ALC) scale for college students to evaluate LOC, and the Big Five Inventory‐2‐Extra Short Form (BFI‐2‐XS) to identify personality traits. Descriptive, correlation, and regression analyses were performed.

Results

The completion rate was 68.9% (n = 159). The average SDLI score of the sample was 82.59, indicating a high overall level of SDL. The average ALC score was 10.34, indicating an overall internal LOC. Internal LOC (B = −0.319, SE = 0.082, β = ‐0.330, p < 0.001) and an open‐minded personality trait (B = 1.156, SE = 0.363, β = 0.233, p = 0.002) emerged as significant predictors of learning motivation (B = −0.138, SE = 0.057, β = −0.214, p < 0.017) and self‐monitoring (B = 0.553, SE = 0.253, β = 0.167, p = 0.030) SDLI constructs.

Conclusion

SDL among DH students can be cultivated by enhancing their learning motivation and self‐monitoring skills. This may be achieved by helping learners increase their internal locus of control and open‐mindedness. Future studies should explore exercises to help promote these traits.
The differential effects of palmitic acid and oleic acid on the metabolic response of hypothalamic astrocytes from male and female mice
Authors: Collado‐Perez Roberto , Chamoso‐Sánchez David , García Antonia , Fernández‐Alfonso María S. , Jiménez‐Hernáiz Maria , Canelles Sandra , Argente Jesús , Frago Laura M. , Chowen Julie A.
Published: May 2024

Diets rich in saturated fats are more detrimental to health than those containing mono‐ or unsaturated fats. Fatty acids are an important source of energy, but they also relay information regarding nutritional status to hypothalamic metabolic circuits and when in excess can be detrimental to these circuits. Astrocytes are the main site of central fatty acid β‐oxidation, and hypothalamic astrocytes participate in energy homeostasis, in part by modulating hormonal and nutritional signals reaching metabolic neurons, as well as in the inflammatory response to high‐fat diets. Thus, we hypothesized that how hypothalamic astrocytes process‐specific fatty acids participates in determining the differential metabolic response and that this is sex dependent as males and females respond differently to high‐fat diets. Male and female primary hypothalamic astrocyte cultures were treated with oleic acid (OA) or palmitic acid (PA) for 24 h, and an untargeted metabolomics study was performed. A clear predictive model for PA exposure was obtained, while the metabolome after OA exposure was not different from controls. The observed modifications in metabolites, as well as the expression levels of key metabolic enzymes, indicate a reduction in the activity of the Krebs and glutamate/glutamine cycles in response to PA. In addition, there were specific differences between the response of astrocytes from male and female mice, as well as between hypothalamic and cerebral cortical astrocytes. Thus, the response of hypothalamic astrocytes to specific fatty acids could result in differential impacts on surrounding metabolic neurons and resulting in varied systemic metabolic outcomes.
Thinking outside of the (Western) Box: Cultural Psychology Perspectives on Creativity in Education
Authors: Dantas de Paula Luciana , Branco Angela , Glaveanu Vlad
Published: May 2024

This paper expands upon the invitation to rethink how psychology has constructed knowledge, theories, and research while analyzing the epistemological foundations of educational practices in schools, especially those aimed at promoting creativity. Our goal is to critically explore the shortcomings of the traditional, Westernized individualistic, and mostly positivistic approach usually found in school contexts. To foster creativity, a more dialogical, socio‐cultural, and collaborative framework is suggested, involving multiple perspectives and possibility thinking to address current educational challenges. Through an examination of education and creativity, we analyze educational practices in Westernized societies and explore the possibilities that arise from non‐Western perspectives and dialogical approaches. The discussion is guided by the following questions: what kind of educational practices have been bolstered in Westernized societies? How do these relate to educating (with and for) creativity? A case study is included to provide concrete illustrations that substantiate our arguments. Incorporating decolonial frameworks into cultural and socio‐cultural perspectives, as well as in creativity research, would enrich the understanding of these fields. Decolonial approaches can offer valuable insights by addressing power relations inherent in knowledge construction and practice. Embracing these approaches enables these fields to contribute to a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of human phenomena.