bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neología de préstamo: la adaptación morfológica de género de los neologismos léxicos procedentes del inglés
Authors: Díaz Hormigo María Tadea
Published: July 2022

En este estudio, pretendemos aportar nuevas pautas a la delimitación de los criterios que se emplean para la asignación de género a las voces tomadas de otras lenguas que carecen de esta categoría gramatical. Para ello, analizamos 631 contextos de prensa escrita con sustantivos ingleses incorporados recientemente al español y no adaptados ortográficamente a esta lengua. Para el análisis del género de los sustantivos empleamos el criterio sintáctico colocacional o combinatorio, basado en la concordancia del sustantivo con otras palabras del contexto, y el criterio semántico, basado en la recurrencia a la naturaleza del referente a partir de su equivalente español o de una paráfrasis definitoria del mismo. Confirmamos nuestra hipótesis de que los sustantivos ingleses con referentes animados y sexuados presentan en español el género de este y los inanimados, el de su equivalente en español o el que se infiere de su paráfrasis.
Pharmacologic treatment of obesity
Authors: Jung Han Na , Jung Chang Hee
Published: July 2022

Background: Obesity and obesity-related comorbidities are increasingly being recognized as significant threats to global health. Pharmacological treatments are required in patients in whom lifestyle modifications fail to achieve an individual’s target body weight.Current Concepts: Currently available short-term anti-obesity drugs, including phentermine, diethylpropion, and mazindol (all sympathetic nerve agents) serve as appetite suppressants. Prescription anti-obesity drugs currently approved for long-term use in Korea include orlistat, phentermine/topiramate, naltrexone/bupropion, and liraglutide. Semaglutide (2.4 mg) has recently been authorized by the United States Food and Drug Administration for treatment of obesity. Research is underway to introduce novel drugs that are likely to revolutionize the global anti-obesity drug market. Representative examples include tirzepatide, a dual agonist of glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and cagrilintide, an amylin analogue. These drugs have shown excellent weight-loss effects with tolerable adverse effects in phase II or III clinical trials, with significantly greater effectiveness than that of currently available medications.Discussion and Conclusion: Despite the introduction of a variety of anti-obesity drugs, these agents are not currently widely used in all patients with obesity owing to high costs, adverse effects, and unsatisfactory effectiveness. Further research is warranted to determine the effects and adverse effects of combinations of available drugs, including tirzepatide and cagrilintide, along with the development of newer agents that may show a different mechanism of action.
Surgical treatment for obesity
Authors: Lee Da Young , Lee Chang Min
Published: July 2022

Background: Bariatric or metabolic surgery is a safe and effective intervention for patients with obesity at higherrisk. In 2019, after the reimbursement in Korea, the number of metabolic surgery cases has rapidly increased. We aimed to introduce the current metabolic surgery concepts.Current Concepts: Patients with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥35 kg/m2 without coexisting medical problems and those with a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2 and ≥1 severe obesity-related complication remediable by weight loss could be considered as the candidates for metabolic surgery. The standardized and effective procedures are adjustable gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch. The decision on bariatric procedures should be based on the characteristics of patients considering the effectiveness and anticipated complications.Discussion and Conclusion: Metabolic surgery was shown to induce greater weight loss, better control of comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, and more significant decrease in death compared to that of the nonsurgical approach. Postoperatively, a comprehensive approach consisting of psychosocial, behavioral, nutritional, and pharmacological aspects should be performed to amplify and maintain the effectiveness of metabolic surgery.
Pharmacotherapy for pulmonary embolism: new anticoagulants
Authors: Hwang Hun-Gyu , Kim Yang-Ki
Published: July 2022

Background: Pulmonary embolism is associated with reduced survival and considerable economic burden worldwide. In Korea, the incidence of pulmonary embolism has been gradually increasing. Older individuals are at an increased risk for pulmonary embolism and anticoagulation-related bleeding events. Typically, heparin and vitamin K antagonists are employed to treat pulmonary embolism; however, these agents present numerous limitations. Hence, novel anticoagulants with improved safety and efficacy profiles are urgently needed.Current Concepts: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), including direct thrombin (coagulation factor II) inhibitors and selective inhibitors of coagulation factor Xa, have emerged as alternative agents. Phase III, large-scale clinical trials have revealed that DOACs are non-inferior to standard therapy during initial and long-term treatment of pulmonary embolism, considering the safety profile. Evidence-based clinical guidelines recommend that primary care clinicians employ DOACs over warfarin to achieve anticoagulation.Discussion and Conclusion: For over 70 years, the standard therapy for most patients with pulmonary embolism has involved heparin administration, overlapped and followed by a vitamin K antagonist. Recently developed DOACs against coagulation factor Xa or thrombin might overcome limitations of standard therapy, including the need for injection and regular dose adjustment with laboratory monitoring. These limitations hinder the management of patients with pulmonary embolism and negatively impact the patient’s quality of life. Four DOACs, including apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban, are currently available for treating pulmonary embolism in Korea, which could simplify the therapeutic strategy.
2016 Yılından Günümüze Türkiye-ABD İlişkilerinin Güvenlik Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YILMAZ Eren Alper
Published: July 2022

Türkiye’nin 2016 yılından bu yana hem iç politikada hem de dış politikada yaşamış olduğu sorunlar, NATO müttefiklerinden olan ABD ile yürüttüğü dış ilişkilere de yansımış, kendi çıkarlarını ilgilendiren birçok konuda Ankara direkt olarak Washington ile muhatap olmuştur. Bu bağlamda ABD, Türkiye’nin bilhassa iç güvenlik meselesi olarak gördüğü hususlara müdahale etmekten imtina etmemiş, bazı hususlara ise sessiz kalarak Türkiye karşıtlarına örtülü destek vermiştir. Son beş yıldır ABD-Türkiye ilişkileri, Donald Trump ve Joe Biden’ın başkanlıklarının bazı dönemlerinde yumuşama dönemine girse de çoğunlukla gergin bir atmosferde ilerlemiştir. Bu sebeple taraflar arasındaki ilişkilerin istikrarsız biçimde yürüdüğü söylenebilir. Çalışmada, ABD eski başkanı Trump döneminin başından mevcut başkan Biden dönemine kadar olan süreçte Türk dış politikasını meşgul eden hususlara vurgu yapılmış, bu bağlamda S-400 füze savunma sistemi, CAATSA yaptırımları, PKK/PYD meselesi, Gülen davası ve Rahip Brunson meselesi gibi mühim hususlarda Türkiye’nin rasyonel çıkarlarını ve ulusal güvenlik önceliklerini ön planda tutarak hareket etmesi, tehdit olarak gördüğü unsurlara karşı askeri gücünü kullanması ve dış politikasını neo-realist bir zeminde şekillendirmesi ele alınmıştır. Yöntem olarak literatür taramasından yararlanılmış olup, konu ile ilgili demeçlere, raporlara, haberlere ve makalelere yer verilmiştir.
Orhan Pamuk’un Romanlarında Göç, Kültür ve Kimlik İlişkisi
Authors: DEMİR Erdi
Published: July 2022

Araştırmanın konusu, Orhan Pamuk’un romanlarında göç temasının nasıl işlendiğiyle ilgilidir. İnsanların, sosyal, siyasi, ekonomik ve ekolojik sebeplerle bir yaşam ünitesinden başka bir mekâna taşınmasını ifade eden göç, bireylerin ya da kitlelerin yeni kimliklere, yeni kültürlere açılmasını sağlayan toplumsal bir değişme sürecini yansıtmaktadır. Toplumsal değişme sürecinin göç-kültür-kimlik boyutunu inceleyen bu araştırma makalesinde, Nobel Ödüllü Yazar Orhan Pamuk’un yapıtlarında birçok defa ele aldığı göç ve göçlerin doğurduğu toplumsal ve kültürel sorunlar incelenmiştir. Öncelikle nitel bir araştırmaya dayalı çalışmada, doküman incelemesi veri toplama tekniği kullanılarak Pamuk’un yapıtlarında incelenen konuyla ilgili göç-kültür-kimlik ile ilgili anahtar kelimeler ve kavramlar tespit edilmiştir. Akabinde toplanan veriler anlamlı bir bütün oluşturacak şekilde temalara ayrılarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Diğer aşamada betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılarak toplanan veriler sosyolojik olarak yorumlanarak çözümlenmiştir. Bulgu olarak, Pamuk’un yapıtlarında göçlerin, yoksulluk, işsizlik, mekânsal gettolaşma, kimlik çatışması ve yabancılaşma gibi toplumsal olgularla ilişkilendirildiği görülmüş, göç eden kimselerin çoğunlukla erkek karakterler olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Genellikle ekonomik motivasyonlarla yapılan göçlere menfi bir toplumsal anlam yükleyen Pamuk’un, siyasi ve ideolojik sebeplerle göç etmek zorunda kalan karakterlere sıklıkla yer verdiği anlaşılmıştır.
Store layout and its impact on consumer purchasing behaviour at convenience stores in Kwa Mashu
Authors:   , Tlapana Tshepo Peter
Published: July 2022

Store layout is an important factor affecting consumer behaviour and a critical determinant towards the creation of store image. Well designed layouts are extremely important because they strongly influence in-store traffic patterns, shopping atmosphere, shopping behaviour, and operational efficiency (Vrechopoulos et al., 2004: 13). When an inconsistency occurs, some consumers will abandon that establishment in search of another one which offers fast, convenient and better services (Andersen, 1997: 118). Taking a more strategic approach to store layout can reap big rewards by boosting sales, increasing customer loyalty and ultimately increasing turnover (Clark, 2003: 42). The overall aim of the study was to ascertain if independent convenience stores in Kwa Mashu are aware of the impact of store layout on purchasing patterns of consumers. In order to accomplish the objectives of the study, a quantitative study was conducted at the convenience stores at Kwa Mashu by means of self-administered questionnaires. A sample of 400 respondents was asked questions pertaining to the study. The respondents were selected through non-probability sampling within which convenience sampling was applied. Conclusions and recommendations were thereafter drawn from the literature and the findings of the study. The results of this study show that consumers experience problems with store layout. It was found that appearance of the store, merchandise display, store atmosphere, instore service and accessibility are the major causes of this discomfort. Therefore, it is recommended that convenience retail owners in Kwa Mashu attend to those areas and see to it that necessary strategies are implemented to help customers where there is a need.
Ecological assessment of two types of southern-taiga land-use by soil CO2 emissions in the conditions of the Central region of Russia
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Vasenev Ivan , Komarova Tatiana , Elvira Ade , Vasenev Peter , Adnane Idrisu
Published: July 2022

The article presents the results of monitoring studies of soil CO2 emissions of Podzoluvisols in the conditions of two types of southern-taiga land-use of representative zonal ecosystems of the Central Region of Russia. The research was carried in case of a perennial meadow plot and spruce forest older than 100 years, compactly located (within 300 m) on geomorphologically comparable lanscapes of the Krasnoe tract of the southern forestry of the Central Forest Reserve, with a similar position in relief (the middle part of the long slope of the western exposure) with zonal Podzoluvisols. The intensity of the soil CO2 flux, temperature and soil moisture were determined weekly in the warm period of the year and once a month in the cold period. A mobile infrared gas analyzer was used to analyze the CO2 flux (IRGA) Li-820. For statistical data analysis – programs Excel и SPSS. Year-round studies conducted in the conditions of the biosphere reserve recognized as a regional southern-taiga background object revealed statistically significant regional typological differences in soil CO2 emissions of Podzoluvisols in the main environmental types of southern-taiga land-use against the background of pronounced seasonal dynamics of CO2 fluxes, which should be taken into account in strategic land-use planning to achieve the stated goal in Glasgow of a phased transition to the C-neutral development of the regions of Russia. Keywords: ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, LAND USE, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGES, СО2 EMISSION, C-NEUTRAL DEVELOPMENT, SOIL CO2 FLUXES, PODZOLUVISOLS, CENTRAL REGION OF RUSSIA
Investigation of the Mineral and Heavy Metal Contents of Propolis Additive Ice Cream
Authors: Mehmetoğlu Serdar , Tarakçı Zekai , Çakıcı Neslihan
Published: July 2022

In this study, it was aimed to add a functional food property to the ice cream, which is
a popular food, by adding propolis. At the same time, study aims to provide a
widespread consumption potential to propolis which is impossible to be consumed in
raw form and whose benefits and functional properties not known by consumers. 6
groups of ice cream containing control group and 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5%
propolis powder were obtained from prepared ice cream mix. Mineral substance
analysis to propolis sample and ice cream mix groups applied. According to the results,
the addition of propolis had no effect on mineral and heavy metal amounts of ice
cream mix groups. Propolis-added ice cream is thought to have the potential to offer
new functional food to consumers of all ages
Variación en un solo nucleótido en genes de citocinas como marcadores de enfermedades
Authors: Betancourth-Arteaga Isabella , Rodriguez-Patiño Erika , Gómez-Naranjo Romel Fabian , Chavez Vivas Monica
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: describir la asociación de las variantes en los genes que codifican por citocinas participantes en el proceso inflamatorio con la susceptibilidad y la gravedad clínica de las enfermedades.Métodos: se realizó un estudio documental con revisión de literatura científica encontrada en las siguientes bases de datos: Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus, Scielo, PLOS, Hinari, Redalyc, Dialnet, Taylor, ProQuest. Se revisaron 84 referencias relacionadas con artículos de investigación, revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis con los términos “variante”, “variante en un solo nucléotido”, “polimorfismo de nucleótido único”, “citocinas proinflamatorias”, “citocinas antiinflamatorias”, “interleucinas”, “factor de necrosis tumoral”, “susceptibilidad genética”, “enfermedades” y “patologías”.Resultados: La evidencia señala que las variantes en un solo nucleótido se detectan principalmente en regiones promotoras de genes que codifican para citocinas reguladoras de procesos inflamatorios, como son: IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-18, IL-22 y el factor de necrosis tumoral.Conclusiones: La expresión y la producción diferencial de estas citocinas desempeñan un papel relevante en la patogenia y la predisposición a sufrir enfermedades, especialmente metabólicas, malignas, autoinmunes e infecciosas. Se mostró también un efecto diferencial de las variantes según las características étnicas, lo que resulta ser una herramienta eficaz en la medicina preventiva.
Kewajiban Penyidik Dalam Memanggil Dan Memeriksa Saksi A De Charge
Authors: Yasin Ramadhan Mochammad Zulfi
Published: July 2022

Investigators also have an obligation to serve the interests of the the suspect, when they ask to be presented with a witness who according to their version can help to break the elements or discharge them from the suspicion, this kind of witness is known as A De Charge (Exoneration Witness). The problem arises how to assess and screen and summon an a de charge witnesses. Investigators must have a clear and complete ground for implementing this provision. Based on that issue, the problem formulations in this study are as follows: (1) What are the criteria for a de charge witnesses who can be examined by investigators? (2) What are the sanctions for investigators when refusing to call and examine a de charge witnesses? The research method used in this paper is a normative research method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results show that the neglect of the a de charge witness examination has made the norms governing the examination of a de charge witnesses becomes less crucial, which should receive serious attention in investigations for the realization of a criminal justice that upholds the principle of fair trial.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Kreditur Pemegang Hak Tanggungan Atas Upaya Pihak Ketiga Untuk Meletakan Sita
Authors: Afhami Sahal
Published: July 2022

Banking institutions as a financial institution operate and collect fundsfrom the public in the form of deposits and distribute them to the public in the form of credit or other forms, of course, are closely related to the risks that occur. The main risk in providing credit is bad credit. Given this risk, banks in providing credit are not only based on binding credit agreements, but often also require accessor agreements in the form of material guarantees. The material agreement that is often required in the granting of credit in large amounts is the binding of mortgage rights on land and or buildings. However, in fact, even though the mortgage has been installed at the time of bad credit, there is often resistance from the debtor or the owner of the guarantee and even a third party that the debtor has planned so that a confiscation can be placed on an object that has been encumbered with a mortgage in order to hinder or stop the execution. The problems that we raise are how legal protection is and how efforts can be made if there is resistance or attempts to place confiscations on mortgage objects to interfere with the auction. The type of legal research used is doctrinal research, with a statutory, conceptual, and comparative approach. From the research, it was found that the provisions of Law Number 4 of 1996 concerning Mortgage Rights and other provisions have provided legal protection to mortgage holders for efforts to place confiscations, in addition creditors holding mortgages can also intervene or file resistance claims in case between the owner of the collateral and a third party requesting the placement of the confiscation.
Implementasi Diversi Oleh Jaksa Penuntut Umum Ditinjau Dari Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 Tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak
Authors: Ashari Awan , Sulistyowati Herwin
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to find the procedures for implementing diversion against child crime by the public prosecutor and to find the factors that hindered the public prosecutor during the implementation of diversion. This study uses the empirical legal method. The results of this study are 9 out of 17 cases were successfully diverted during January-December 2020 by the Public Prosecutor at the Karanganyar District Attorney. In diverting the case, the Public Prosecutor at the Karanganyar District Attorney's Office experienced 3 (three) obstacles, among others, (1) there is no consent or agreement between the victim and the perpetrator for diversion; (2) the short and limited period for seeking diversion; and (3) the crime is grossly high to divert.
Mediasi Penal Tindak Pidana Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Yang Menyebabkan Korban Jiwa Berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif
Authors: Mahendra Syauqi , Nahdhah Nahdhah , Tista Adwin
Published: July 2022

Penal mediation is a means of seeking justice capable of providing a thorough and satisfactory settlement by both parties outside the court. In the case of a traffic accident that causes a fatality, penal mediation is conducted based on restorative justice. The purpose of this study is to find out the position of mediation of traffic accidents that cause fatalities in the Indonesian criminal justice system and to know the concept in the mediation of traffic accidents that cause fatalities based on restorative justice. The method uses in this study is pure legal research. Pure legal research is applied by using literature studies. The results are: First, the position of penal mediation in fatality traffic accidents has no umbrella act. Second, the concept of penal mediation in the traffic accidents that cause fatalities in Article 15 (2) k, Article 16 (1) L and (2), Article 18 (1) and (2) of Act 2/2002 (Police Act) and The National Chief of Police Letter Number Pol: B/322/XII/2009/SDEOPS dated 14/12/2009 is the legal basis for the police in taking discretionary action. But the letter Pol: B/322/XII/2009/SDEOPS also mentioned that penal mediation is only applicable for small losses. It means that in the case of traffic accidents that cause fatalities, the law is not accommodating out-of-court settlements.
Pengaturan Hukum Eksekusi Benda Jaminan Yang Dibebani Hak Tanggungan Dalam Debitur Cidera Janji Dan Dinyatakan Pailit
Authors: Mardiana Eli Diana
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis research is focusing on several issues such as the position of a collateral object in breach of contract; the position of the collateral object with mortgage rights when the debtor is bankrupt; the regulation for executing a collateral object in the case of bankruptcy. The method used in this study is normative legal research which is a scientific research procedure to find the truth based on the reasoning of legal scholarship from the normative side that focuses on positive legal norms in the form of laws and regulations. The results of this study, if the debtor is declared bankrupt, then the position of the collateral object burdened with mortgage rights, whether existing at the time of bankruptcy was determined or the debtor's assets that will exist, become the property of the bankrupt (Article 21 of Act 37/2004) except for debtor assets which are limitedly not included as bankrupt assets (defined in Article 22 of Act 37/2004). The legal binding of the agreement between the debtor and the creditor with the mortgage is intended to facilitate the execution of the collateral object in the process of returning the creditor's receivables by the debtor. Execution of a mortgage is a means to accelerate the process of repaying debtors' debts.
Keywords: Execution of Collateral, Mortgage, Defaulting Debtor, Bankruptcy.
AbstrakRumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: bagaimankah kedudukan benda jaminan dalam hal debitur cidera jani (Wanprestasi), bagaimanakah kedudukan benda jaminan yang telah dibebani dengan hak tanggungan apabila debitur pailit, bagaimanakah pengaturan hukum tentang eksekusi terhadap benda jaminan dalam hal debitur pailit. Metode penelitian yang dipergunakan adalah pendekatan penelitian hukum normatif yang merupakan prosedur penelitian ilmiah untuk menemukan kebenaran berdasarkan logika keilmuan hukum dari sisi normatifnya. penelitian hukum normatif, penelitian yang berfokus pada norma hukum positif berupa peraturan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah: Apabila debitur dinyatakan pailit, maka kedudukan benda jaminan yang dibebani hak tanggungan baik yang telah ada pada saat pailit ditetapkan maupun kekayaan debitur yang akan ada, menjadi harta (boedel) pailit (Pasal 21 Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang KPKPU) kecuali harta debitur yang secara limitative tidak termasuk sebagai harta pailit (ditentukan dalam Pasal 22 Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang KPKPU). Diikatnya perjanjian antara pihak debitur dan kreditur dengan hak tanggungan tidak lain dimaksudkan untuk dapat mempermudah eksekusi benda jaminan dalam proses pengembalian piutang kreditur oleh debitur. Eksekusi hak tanggungan merupakan sarana untuk percepatan proses pengembalian hutang debitur.
Kata Kunci: Eksekusi Benda Jaminan, Hak Tanggungan, Debitur Cidera Janji, Pailit.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak-Hak Keperdataan Anak Dari Perkawinan Campuran Yang Tinggal Di Indonesia Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2006 Tentang Kewarganegaraan
Authors: Nahdhah Nahdhah , Norisnaniah Norisnaniah , Ulfah Maria
Published: July 2022

There were many cases derived from transnational marriages. For an instance, many Indonesian international students have married their spouses from the country where they are studying. Transnational marriage is prone to future conflicts, especially regarding the status of the children. The civil rights of children from a transnational married couple living in Indonesia are regulated on Act No. 12/2006 on Citizenship (Citizenship Act). This research is pure legal research that is carried out by examining previous literature. From this study, it was found that the status of children born from transnational families according to the Citizenship Act is based on bloodlines following the father. If the father is a foreign citizen, the child will also be a foreign citizen. On contrary,  if the father is an Indonesian citizen, the legal status of the child is also as an Indonesian citizen, from here the role of the mother becomes neglected. Furthermore, Citizenship Act guarantees that the children have the right to determine or choose citizenship after the age of 18 years, the child is required to choose one nationality. Legal protection for children born from transnational marriages is the right to choose their nationality.
Tindak Pidana Pencemaran Laut Akibat Tumpahan Di Balikpapan Dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana Lingkungan
Authors: Abdi Yulianor
Published: July 2022

The Panamanian-flagged ship MV Ever Judger, whose captain and the crew were all Chinese nationals, crashed into a pipeline belonging to PT Pertamina Refinery Unit 5 Balikpapan, breaking the pipe and dragging the ship, causing contamination of the sea by the oil. Because of this incident, we are interested in discussing: (1) How is the criminal responsibility for the perpetrators of the marine pollution due to oil spills? (2) Who is responsible for the oil spill case in Balikpapan? This research uses normative research methods. The results and discussion concluded: First, criminal liability is not only applied for individuals in that Ship but also to the corporations. Second, the application of the law regarding criminal acts of environmental pollution contains in-laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and management.  The criminal provisions regarding environmental pollution exist in chapter XV regarding the criminal provisions of Act 32/2009. Regarding criminal sanctions for criminal acts of environmental pollution contained in Article 97 to Article 120 of Act 32/2009.
A renewed rise in global HCFC-141b emissions between 2017–2021
Authors: Western Luke M. , Redington Alison L. , Manning Alistair J. , Trudinger Cathy M. , Hu Lei , Henne Stephan , Fang Xuekun , Kuijpers Lambert J. M. , Theodoridi Christina , Godwin David S. , Arduini Jgor , Dunse Bronwyn , Engel Andreas , Fraser Paul J. , Harth Christina M. , Krummel Paul B. , Maione Michela , Mühle Jens , O'Doherty Simon , Park Hyeri , Park Sunyoung , Reimann Stefan , Salameh Peter K. , Say Daniel , Schmidt Roland , Schuck Tanja , Siso Carolina , Stanley Kieran M. , Vimont Isaac , Vollmer Martin K. , Young Dickon , Prinn Ronald G. , Weiss Ray F. , Montzka Stephen A. , Rigby Matthew
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Global emissions of the ozone-depleting gas HCFC-141b (1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, CH3CCl2F) derived from measurements of atmospheric mole fractions increased between 2017 and 2021 despite a fall in reported production and consumption of HCFC-141b for dispersive uses.
HCFC-141b is a controlled substance under the Montreal Protocol, and its phase-out is currently underway, after a peak in reported consumption and production in developing (Article 5) countries in 2013.
If reported production and consumption are correct, our study suggests that the 2017–2021 rise is due to an increase in emissions from the bank when appliances containing HCFC-141b reach the end of their life, or from production of HCFC-141b not reported for dispersive uses.
Regional emissions have been estimated between 2017–2020 for all regions where measurements have sufficient sensitivity to emissions.
This includes the regions of northwestern Europe, east Asia, the United States and Australia, where emissions decreased by a total of 2.3 ± 4.6 Gg yr−1, compared to a mean global increase of 3.0 ± 1.2 Gg yr−1 over the same period.
Collectively these regions only account for around 30 % of global emissions in 2020.
We are not able to pinpoint the source regions or specific activities responsible for the recent global emission rise.
Temperature-dependent sensitivity of iodide chemical ionization mass spectrometers
Authors: Robinson Michael A. , Neuman J. Andrew , Huey L. Gregory , Roberts James M. , Brown Steven S. , Veres Patrick R.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Iodide chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) is a common analytical
tool used in both laboratory and field experiments to measure a large suite
of atmospherically relevant compounds. Here, we describe a systematic ion
molecule reactor (IMR) temperature dependence of iodide CIMS analyte
sensitivity for a wide range of analytes in laboratory experiments. Weakly
bound iodide clusters, such as HCl, HONO, HCOOH, HCN, phenol, 2-nitrophenol,
and acyl peroxynitrate (PAN) detected via the peroxy radical cluster, all
exhibit strong IMR temperature dependence of sensitivity ranging from −3.4 % ∘C−1
to 5.9 % ∘C−1 (from 37 to 47 ∘C). Strongly
bound iodide clusters, such as Br2, N2O5, ClNO2, and PAN
detected via the carboxylate anion, all exhibit little to no IMR temperature
dependence ranging from 0.2 % ∘C−1 to −0.9 % ∘C−1 (from 37 to 47 ∘C). The IMR temperature relationships of weakly bound clusters
provide an estimate of net reaction enthalpy, and comparison with database
values indicates that these clusters are in thermal equilibrium. Ground site
HCOOH data collected in the summer of 2021 in Pasadena (CA) are corrected
and show a reversal in the diel cycle, emphasizing the importance of this
correction (35±6 % during the day, -26±2 % at night).
Finally, we recommend two approaches to minimize this effect in the field,
namely heating or cooling the IMR; the latter technique has the added benefit of
improving absolute sensitivity.
Unprecedented summer hypoxia in southern Cape Cod Bay: an ecological response to regional climate change?
Authors: Scully Malcolm E. , Geyer W. Rockwell , Borkman David , Pugh Tracy L. , Costa Amy , Nichols Owen C.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. In late summer 2019 and 2020 bottom waters in southern Cape Cod Bay (CCB) became depleted of dissolved oxygen (DO), with documented benthic
mortality in both years. Hypoxic conditions formed in relatively shallow water where the strong seasonal thermocline intersected the sea floor, both
limiting vertical mixing and concentrating biological oxygen demand (BOD) over a very thin bottom boundary layer. In both 2019 and 2020, anomalously
high sub-surface phytoplankton blooms were observed, and the biomass from these blooms provided the fuel to deplete sub-pycnocline waters of DO. The
increased chlorophyll fluorescence was accompanied by a corresponding decrease in sub-pycnocline nutrients, suggesting that prior to 2019 physical
conditions were unfavorable for the utilization of these deep nutrients by the late-summer phytoplankton community. It is hypothesized that
significant alteration of physical conditions in CCB during late summer, which is the result of regional climate change, has favored the recent
increase in sub-surface phytoplankton production. These changes include rapidly warming waters and significant shifts in summer wind direction, both
of which impact the intensity and vertical distribution of thermal stratification and vertical mixing within the water column. These changes in
water column structure are not only more susceptible to hypoxia but also have significant implications for phytoplankton dynamics, potentially
allowing for intense late-summer blooms of Karenia mikimotoi, a species new to the area. K. mikimotoi had not been detected in CCB
or adjacent waters prior to 2017; however, increasing cell densities have been reported in subsequent years, consistent with a rapidly changing
ecosystem.
Predicting peak daily maximum 8-hour ozone, and linkages to emissions and meteorology, in Southern California using machine learning methods
Authors: Gao Ziqi , Wang Yifeng , Vasilakos Petros , Ivey Cesunica E. , Do Khanh , Russell Armistead Goode
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The growing abundance of data is conducive to using numerical methods to relate air quality, meteorology, and emissions to address which factors impact pollutant concentrations. Often, it is the extreme values that are of interest for health and regulatory purposes (e.g., the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone uses the annual, maximum, daily 4th highest, 8-hour average (MDA8) ozone), though such values are the most challenging to predict using empirical models. We developed four different computational models, including the Generalized Additive Model (GAM), the Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines, the Random Forest, and the Support Vector Regression, to develop observation-based relationships between the 4th highest MDA8 ozone in the South Coast Air Basin and precursor emissions, meteorological factors, and large-scale climate patterns. All models had similar predictive performance, though the GAM showed a relatively higher R2 value (0.96) with a lower root mean square error and mean bias.
Assimilation of Meteosat Third Generation (MTG) Lightning Imager (LI) observations in AROME-France – Proof of Concept
Authors: Erdmann Felix , Caumont Olivier , Defer Eric
Published: July 2022

Abstract. This study develops a Lightning Data Assimilation (LDA) scheme for the regional, convection-permitting NWP model AROME-France. The LDA scheme intends to assimilate total lightning, i.e., cloud-to-ground (CG) and inter- and intra-cloud (IC), of the future Meteosat Third Generation (MTG) Lightning Imager (LI). MTG-LI proxy data are created and Flash Extent Density (FED) fields are derived. An FED forward observation operator (FFO) is trained based on modeled, column integrated graupel mass from 24 storm days in 2018. The FFO is successfully verified for 2 independent storm days. With the FFO, the LDA adapts a 1-dimensional Bayesian (1DBay) retrieval followed by a 3-dimensional variational (3DVar) assimilation approach that is currently run operationally in AROME-France for radar reflectivity data. The 1DBay retrieval derives relative humidity profiles from the background by comparing the FED observations to the FED inferred from the background. Retrieved relative humidity profiles are assimilated as sounding data. The evaluation of the LDA comprises different LDA experiments and four case studies. It is found that all LDA experiments can increase the background integrated water vapor (IWV) in regions where the observed FED exceeds the FED inferred from AROME-France outputs. In addition, IWV can be reduced where spurious FED is modeled. A qualitative analysis of 6-hour accumulated rainfall fields reveals that the LDA is capable of locating and initiating some local precipitation fields better than a radar data assimilation (RDA) experiment. However, the LDA also leads to too high rainfall accumulations at some locations. Fractions Skill Scores (FSSs) of 6-hour accumulated rainfall are overall similar for the developed LDA and RDA experiments. An approach aiming at mitigating effects due to differences in the optical extents of lightning flashes and the area of the corresponding cloud was developed and included in the LDA, however, it does not always improve the FSS.
Contrasting projections of the ENSO-driven CO2 flux variability in the equatorial Pacific under high-warming scenario
Authors: Vaittinada Ayar Pradeebane , Bopp Laurent , Christian Jim R. , Ilyina Tatiana , Krasting John P. , Séférian Roland , Tsujino Hiroyuki , Watanabe Michio , Yool Andrew , Tjiputra Jerry
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) widely modulates the global carbon cycle. More specifically, it alters the net uptake of carbon in the tropical ocean. Indeed, over the tropical Pacific less carbon is released by oceans during El Niño, while the opposite is the case for La Niña. Here, the skill of Earth system models (ESMs) from the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) to simulate the observed tropical Pacific CO2 flux variability in response to ENSO is assessed. The temporal amplitude and spatial extent of CO2 flux anomalies vary considerably among models, while the surface temperature signals of El Niño and La Niña phases are generally well represented. Under historical conditions followed by the high-warming Shared Socio-economic Pathway (SSP5-8.5) scenarios, about half the ESMs simulate a reversal in ENSO–CO2 flux relationship. This gradual shift, which occurs as early as the first half of the 21st century, is associated with a high CO2-induced increase in the Revelle factor that leads to stronger sensitivity of partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) to changes in surface temperature between ENSO phases. At the same time, uptake of anthropogenic CO2 substantially increases upper-ocean dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations (reducing its vertical gradient in the thermocline) and weakens the ENSO-modulated surface DIC variability. The response of the ENSO–CO2 flux relationship to future climate change is sensitive to the contemporary mean state of the carbonate ion concentration in the tropics. We present an emergent constraint between the simulated contemporary carbonate concentration with the projected cumulated CO2 fluxes. Models that simulate shifts in the ENSO–CO2 flux relationship simulate positive bias in surface carbonate concentrations.
Evaluation of basal melting parameterisations using in situ ocean and melting observations from the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica
Authors: Rosevear Madelaine , Galton-Fenzi Benjamin , Stevens Craig
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Ocean-driven melting of Antarctic ice shelves is causing accelerating loss of grounded ice from the Antarctic continent. However, the ocean
processes governing ice shelf melting are not well understood, contributing to uncertainty in projections of Antarctica's contribution to sea
level. Here, we analyse oceanographic data and in situ measurements of ice shelf melt collected from an instrumented mooring beneath the centre of
the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica. This is the first direct measurement of basal melting from the Amery Ice Shelf and was made through the novel
application of an upward-facing acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). ADCP data were also used to map a region of the ice base, revealing a
steep topographic feature or “scarp” in the ice with vertical and horizontal scales of ∼ 20 and ∼ 40 m, respectively. The
annually averaged ADCP-derived melt rate of 0.51 ± 0.18 m yr−1 is consistent with previous modelling results and glaciological
estimates. There is significant seasonal variation around the mean melt rate, with a 40 % increase in melting in May and a 60 % decrease in
September. Melting is driven by temperatures ∼ 0.2 ∘C above the local freezing point and background and tidal currents, which
have typical speeds of 3.0 and 10.0 cm s−1, respectively. We use the coincident measurements of ice shelf melt and oceanographic forcing
to evaluate parameterisations of ice–ocean interactions and find that parameterisations in which there is an explicit dependence of the melt rate
on current speed beneath the ice tend to overestimate the local melt rate at AM06 by between 200 % and 400 %, depending on the choice of
drag coefficient. A convective parameterisation in which melting is a function of the slope of the ice base is also evaluated and is shown to
underpredict melting by 20 % at this site. By combining these new estimates with available observations from other ice shelves, we show that
the commonly used current speed-dependent parameterisation overestimates melting at all but the coldest and most energetic cavity conditions.
Soil nutrient contents and stoichiometry within aggregate size classes varied with tea plantation age and soil depth in southern Guangxi in China
Authors: Mao Ling , Ye Shaoming , Wang Shengqiang
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Soil ecological stoichiometry offers a tool to explore the distribution,
cycling, limitation, and balance of chemical elements in tea plantation
ecosystems. This study aimed to explore how soil organic C (OC) and nutrient
contents (total N (TN), total P (TP), Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, and
Mn2+) as well as their stoichiometric ratios (C/N, C/P, N/P, Ca/Mg, and
Fe/Mn) varied with tea plantation age (8, 17, 25, and 43 years) and soil
depth (0–10, 10–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm) within aggregates in southern Guangxi in China. Our results showed that tea plantation age and soil depth
significantly affected soil nutrient stoichiometry in different sizes of
aggregates. Among different ages of tea plantations, soil OC, TN, and TP
contents as well as C/N, C/P, and N/P ratios significantly decreased as the
soil depth increased. In addition, soil Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents
were significantly lower in the surface soil layer than the deeper soil
layer, whereas soil Fe2+ and Mn2+ contents showed opposite trends,
and no significant differences were detected in Ca/Mg and Fe/Mn ratios among
different soil depths. At the 0–40 cm soil depth, continuous planting of tea
corresponded to increases in soil OC, TN, Fe2+, and Mn2+ contents, whereas soil Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents significantly
decreased over time. During the process of tea growth, the losses of soil
Ca2+ and Mg2+, especially Ca2+ (as indicated by the decrease
in the soil Ca/Mg ratio), led to soil acidification, which reduced Fe2+ absorption and enhanced Mn2+ uptake by tea plants (as indicated by the
increase in the soil Fe/Mn ratio). In general, tea plantation age affected the variations of soil nutrient contents and stoichiometry, and such effects
were more obvious at the 0–40 cm soil depth, in contrast to the 40–60 cm soil depth.
Pamięć o św. Jadwidze w Uniwersytecie Jagiellońskim
Authors: Szymborski Wiktor
Published: July 2022

Celem niniejszego tekstu było prześledzenie różnych form upamiętnienia dzieła św. Jadwigi Andegaweńskiej w Uniwersytecie Jagiellońskim. W tym celu przykłady zostały podzielone na grupy tematyczne obejmujące: pamięć materialną – zabytki materialne, epigrafika, płyty pamiątkowe; pamięć niematerialną – przypominanie dzieła św. Jadwigi w czasie jubileuszy uczelni oraz fakt patronowania różnym działaniom współcześnie realizowanym w Uniwersytecie Jagiellońskim. Jako pierwsze omówiono przykłady związane z pamięcią materialną w tym szczególnie artefakty znajdujące się w Collegium Maius oraz Collegium Novum. Zasygnalizowano dzieje programów heraldycznych pojawiających się w powyższych budynkach, przedstawiając dyskusję dotyczącą herbów umieszczonych na fasadzie Collegium Novum, jak również dzieła malarskie ukazujące dokonania św. Jadwigi. Omówione zostały także dzieje tablic pamiątkowych wmurowanych w gmach Collegium Novum, w których pojawia się postać św. Jadwigi.
O nieistniejących kościołach Zamojskich
Authors: Bartko-Malinowska Anna
Published: July 2022

Zamość jest miastem atrakcyjnym turystycznie ze względu na wyjątkowy, „idealny” układ przestrzenny, niespotykany w innych miastach Polski i Europy oraz ze względy na ciekawą manierystyczną architekturę. Warto pamiętać jednak, że nie wszystkie dzieła zachowały swój pierwotny wygląd, a niektóre obiekty, zwłaszcza sakralne, między innymi na skutek przebudowy miasta na twierdzę i utworzenia w Zamościu koszarów wojskowych, przestały istnieć. Artykuł poświęcony jest tym kościołom, które zostały zniszczone, rozebrane, zsekularyzowane i zapomniane, a które stanowiły o bogatej kulturowo i historycznie przeszłości miasta. Do kościołów tych należą: kościół św. Krzyża na Przedmieściu Lwowskim, kaplica Matki Bożej Loretańskiej, kościół św. Katarzyny na Przedmieściu Lubelskim, kościół ormiański pw. Chwalebnego Wniebowzięcia Bogarodzicy Maryi Panny, cerkiew Wniebowstąpienia Pańskiego na Przedmieściu Lwowskim, zespół szpitalno-klasztorny ojców bonifratrów, z kościołem, w którym znajdowała się cudami słynący obraz Matki Bożej i klasztor z kościołem św. Anny należący do sióstr klarysek na Rynku Wodnym. Niektóre z tych obiektów istnieją pełniąc funkcje niesakralne, zatraciwszy zupełnie swój charakter, lecz prowadzone były prace, m.in. przy kościele klarysek, przywracające ich pierwotny wygląd.
Wybitne postacie krośnieńskich kapucynów
Authors: Prejs Roland
Published: July 2022

Artykuł przedstawia sylwetki kapucynów klasztoru w Krośnie, uznanych umownie za wybitniejszych. Zostali pokrótce scharakteryzowani przełożeni: Innocenty Barth, Kryspin Wróblewski, Leopold Szczepanowski, Józef Krzysik, Alfons Ziębowicz, Abel Mordziński, Augustyn Watras, Kazimierz Niczyński i Ambroży Mayer, kapłani: Firminian Kuzel, Feliks Mayerhofen, Leon Doliński, Benedykt Krawczyk, Florian Janocha, Konstanty Jaroń, Honorat Jedliński, Marceli Surman, Felicjan Piskor i Władysław Zając, oraz bracia: Klaudiusz Sikorski, Dominik Waydowicz, Szczepan Folcik, Albin Szulik, Rajmund Półchłopek i Kryspin Totoń. Można stwierdzić, że w klasztorze kapucynów w Krośnie przełożeni zapisali się głównie jako dbający o stronę materialną wspólnoty zakonnej, kapłani dali się poznać jako duszpasterze, zwłaszcza kaznodzieje i spowiednicy, bracia zakonni natomiast zasłużyli się spełniając obowiązki domowe na rzecz wspólnoty zakonnej. Od tej też strony zakonnicy dawali się poznać mieszkańcom miasta.
Próba identyfikacji nazw "Bronyk" i " Brysk", w związku z interwencją margrabiego brandenburskiego Zygmunta Luksemburskiego przeciwko Bartoszowi z Odolanowa w latach 1381-1382
Authors: Brzustowicz Grzegorz Jacek
Published: July 2022

W 1381 roku król węgierski i polski Ludwik Andegaweński wydał Zygmuntowi Luksemburskiemu, margrabiemu brandenburskiemu, kandydatowi do polskiej sukcesji, polecenie zorganizowania wyprawy zbrojnej przeciwko przeciwnikowi przyszłych rządów margrabiego w Polsce – staroście kujawskiemu Bartoszowi Wazenborgowi z Odolanowa. Pretekstem do zorganizowania wyprawy militarnej było spustoszenie przez Bartosza okolicy zamku Odolanowa oraz uwięzienie rycerzy francuskich, którzy podążali na krucjatę do Prus. Do akcji przeciwko Bartoszowi Wazenborgowi doszło jesienią 1381 roku i została przerwana na prawie rok, do lata 1382 roku. Podczas dwóch pobytów margrabiego brandenburskiego ze swym wojskiem na terytorium Królestwa Polskiego, zatrzymywano się między innymi w miejscowościach, których nazwy zniekształcono w kancelarii Luksemburczyka, a co stało się dla historyków przyczyną trudności w ich identyfikacji. Chodzi o miejscowość „Bronik”, w której margrabia zatrzymał się 27 października 1381 roku i o „Brysk”, wspomniany w źródłach 31 sierpnia 1382 roku. Po przywołaniu dotychczasowych ustaleń historiografii w tej kwestii, stosując metodę analizy zapisów źródłowych tych nazw, w powiązaniu z analizą trasy przemarszu margrabiego, autor identyfikuje obydwie nazwy z miejscowościami na terenie Wielkopolski. Nowa identyfikacja tych nazw pozwala na pełniejsze zrozumienie działań margrabiego Zygmunta na terenie Polski w latach 1381-1382.