bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Collocation Approach for the Nonlinear Fifth-Order KdV Equations Using Certain Shifted Horadam Polynomials
Authors: Abd-Elhameed Waleed Mohamed , Alqubori Omar Mazen , Atta Ahmed Gamal
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes a numerical algorithm for the nonlinear fifth-order Korteweg–de Vries equations. This class of equations is known for its significance in modeling various complex wave phenomena in physics and engineering. The approximate solutions are expressed in terms of certain shifted Horadam polynomials. A theoretical background for these polynomials is first introduced. The derivatives of these polynomials and their operational metrics of derivatives are established to tackle the problem using the typical collocation method to transform the nonlinear fifth-order Korteweg–de Vries equation governed by its underlying conditions into a system of nonlinear algebraic equations, thereby obtaining the approximate solutions. This paper also includes a rigorous convergence analysis of the proposed shifted Horadam expansion. To validate the proposed method, we present several numerical examples illustrating its accuracy and effectiveness.
Rich Dynamics of Seasonal Carrying Capacity Prey-Predator Models with Crowley–Martin Functional Response
Authors: Alebraheem Jawdat
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we present novel seasonal carrying capacity prey–predator models with a general functional response, which is that of Crowley–Martin. Seasonality effects are classified into two categories: sudden and periodic perturbations. Models with sudden perturbations are analytically investigated in terms of good and bad circumstances by addressing the existence, positivity, and boundedness of the solution; obtaining the stability conditions for each equilibrium point and the dynamics involving the existence of a limit cycle; determining the Hopf bifurcation with respect to the carrying capacity; and finding the uniform persistence conditions of the models. Moreover, some numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate and validate our theoretical findings. In contrast, models with periodic perturbations are computationally investigated. In analytical findings, the degree of seasonality and the classification of circumstances play a significant role in the uniqueness of the coexistence equilibrium point, the stability of the system, and the existence of a limit cycle. The model with periodic perturbations shows the presence of different dynamics for prey and predator, such as the doubling of the limit cycle and chaos dynamics, so this influence can have a diverse range of possible solutions, which makes the system more enriched with different dynamics. As a result of these findings, many phenomena and changes can be interpreted in ecosystems from an ecological point of view.
Genomic Insights into Blood Pressure Regulation: Exploring Ion Channel and Transporter Gene Variations in Jordanian Hypertensive Individuals
Authors: Alghamdi Mansour Abdullah , AL-Eitan Laith , Ibdah Rasheed , Bani Khalid Islam , Darabseh Salma , Alasmar Maryam , Ataa Asaad
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Hypertension (HTN) constitutes a significant global health burden, yet the specific genetic variant responsible for blood pressure regulation remains elusive. This study investigates the genetic basis of hypertension in the Jordanian population, focusing on gene variants related to ion channels and transporters, including KCNJ1, WNK1, NPPA, STK39, LUC7L2, NEDD4L, NPHS1, BDKRB2, and CACNA1C. Materials and Methods: This research involved 200 hypertensive patients and 224 healthy controls. Whole blood samples were collected from each participant, and genomic DNA was extracted. The genetic distribution of the polymorphisms was analyzed. The haplotype frequencies were investigated using the SNPStats web tool, and the genotype and allele frequencies of the studied variants were assessed using the χ2 test. Results: Sixteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from nine genes were evaluated. A significant association was observed between the rs880054 variant of the WNK1 gene and hypertension susceptibility, with the T allele elevating the risk of hypertension. This association remained important in the codominant model (p = 0.049) and the dominant model (p = 0.029). In addition, rs880054 was associated with clinical characteristics such as triglyceride levels and cerebrovascular accidents (p-value > 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings reveal a significant link between the rs880054 SNP and an increased hypertension risk, suggesting that variations in WNK1 may be crucial in regulating blood pressure. This study provides new insights into the genetic factors contributing to hypertension and highlights the potential of WNK1 as a target for future therapeutic interventions.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Epidemiological Trends in Pediatric Cervical Abscess-Forming Infections
Authors: Takahashi Shuhei , Kishino Ai , Miyai Kentaro , Takishima Shigeru , Omori Tae , Furuno Hidehiro , Iemura Ryosei , Ono Makoto , Ogasawara Keisuke , Sutani Akito , Nagasawa Masayuki
Published: January 2025

Abscess-forming cervical bacterial infections are rare and serious infections. Methods: We retrospectively examined the trends in abscess-forming cervical bacterial infections in children who required inpatient treatment in three periods before (January 2016 to June 2020), during (July 2020 to December 2022) and after the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2023 to June 2024). Results: The study included 96 patients with superficial cervical abscesses and 111 patients with deep cervical abscesses (34 with retropharyngeal abscesses, 51 with peritonsillar abscesses, and 26 with deep neck abscesses). Both decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic and increased significantly after the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic (0.94 ± 0.92 vs. 0.50 ± 0.72 vs. 1.67 ± 1.11/month, 0.93 ± 0.96 vs. 0.60 ± 0.84 vs. 2.39 ± 1.70/month), which was related with the trends of respiratory viral infections. Bacteria were identified in 79 of the 97 cases in which punctures were performed; however, there were no significant differences between the three periods. No significant changes were found in the pharyngeal streptococcal antigen positivity rate, rate of oral antibiotic use before hospitalization, length of hospital stay, or duration of antibiotic administration before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the epidemiology of cervical abscess-forming bacterial infections in children. Although the reemergence of respiratory viral infections after the COVID-19 pandemic may be a factor, the cause of the doubling in the number of neck abscesses after the COVID-19 pandemic remains unclear and requires further investigation.
Editorial for the Special Issue of Minerals, “Advances in Low-Temperature Mineralogy and Geochemistry”
Authors: Bobos Iuliu , Bourdelle Franck
Published: January 2025

Low-temperature geochemical processes are ubiquitous in geological areas related to weathering, diagenesis, very low-grade metamorphism, and post-magmatic processes, and provide an explanation of the P–T–X history of the Earth’s crust [...]
Cell Labeling with 15-YNE Is Useful for Tracking Protein Palmitoylation and Metabolic Lipid Flux in the Same Sample
Authors: Merz Nadine , Schilling Karin , Thomas Dominique , Hahnefeld Lisa , Grösch Sabine
Published: January 2025

Protein S-palmitoylation is the process by which a palmitoyl fatty acid is attached to a cysteine residue of a protein via a thioester bond. A range of methodologies are available for the detection of protein S-palmitoylation. In this study, two methods for the S-palmitoylation of different proteins were compared after metabolic labeling of cells with 15-hexadecynoic acid (15-YNE) to ascertain their relative usefulness. It was hypothesized that labeling cells with a traceable lipid would affect lipid metabolism and the cellular lipidome. In this study, we developed a method to track 15-YNE incorporation into lipids using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) as well as protein palmitoylation in the same sample. We observed a time- and concentration-dependent S-palmitoylation of calnexin and succinate dehydrogenase complex flavoprotein subunit A (SDHA) depending on the cell type. The detection of S-palmitoylation with a clickable fluorophore or biotin azide followed by immunoprecipitation is shown to be equally useful. 15-YNE was observed to be incorporated into a wide array of lipid classes during the process, yet it did not appear to modify the overall lipid composition of the cells. In conclusion, we show that 15-YNE is a useful tracer to detect both protein S-palmitoylation and lipid metabolism in the same sample.
Doxorubicin-Conjugated Nanoparticles for Potential Use as Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Imantay Alua , Mashurov Nariman , Zhaisanbayeva Balnur A. , Mun Ellina A.
Published: January 2025

Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most widely used chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of both solid and liquid tumors in patients of all age groups. However, it is likely to produce several side effects that include doxorubicin cardiomyopathy. Nanoparticles (NPs) can offer targeted delivery and release of the drug, potentially increasing treatment efficiency and alleviating side effects. This makes them a viable vector for novel drug delivery systems. Currently, DOX is commonly conjugated to NPs by non-covalent conjugation–physical entrapping of the drug using electrostatic interactions, van der Waals forces, or hydrogen bonding. The reported downside of these methods is that they provide a low drug loading capacity and a higher drug leakage possibility. In comparison to this, the covalent conjugation of DOX via amide (typically formed by coupling carboxyl groups on DOX with amine groups on the nanoparticle or a linker, often facilitated by carbodiimide reagents), hydrazone (which results from the reaction between hydrazines and carbonyl groups, offering pH-sensitive cleavage for controlled release), or disulfide bonds (formed through the oxidation of thiol groups and cleavable by intracellular reducing agents such as glutathione) is more promising as it offers greater bonding strength. This review covers the covalent conjugation of DOX to three different types of NPs—metallic, silica/organosilica, and polymeric—including their corresponding release rates and mechanisms.
The Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Overweight Older Adults: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ezzati Armin , Tamargo Javier A. , Golberg Leah , Haub Mark D. , Anton Stephen D.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Time-restricted eating (TRE) has been associated with beneficial effects for inflammation and oxidative stress; however, the effects of TRE on inflammation and oxidative stress in the aging population have not been explored. Methods: This secondary analysis tested the effects of TRE on pro-inflammatory (hs-CRP [high-sensitivity C-reactive protein], IL-1β [interleukin 1 beta], IL-6 [interleukin 6], TNF-α [tumor necrosis factor alpha]) and oxidative stress (8-isoprostane) biomarkers in ten overweight older adults (mean age = 77.1 ± 6.1 years; six women and four men), who followed a TRE protocol of 16 h of fasting per day and consumed food ad libitum during an 8 h window for 4 weeks. Results: TNF-α levels decreased from 43.2 (11.2) pg/mL to 39.7 (10.0) pg/mL with a Cohen’s d effect size of 0.33, and IL-1β levels decreased from 1.4 (0.8) pg/mL to 1.3 (0.6) pg/mL with a Cohen’s d effect size of 0.23, suggesting potential anti-inflammatory benefits. IL-6 and hs-CRP levels showed no substantial changes (Cohen’s d ≤ 0.03). The oxidative stress marker 8-isoprostane levels decreased slightly with a Cohen’s d effect size of 0.07. Conclusions: The findings of this pilot study provide initial insights into the potential effects of TRE on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in older adults. Given the small sample size and short-term intervention, well-powered studies of longer duration are needed to better understand the effects of TRE on inflammation and oxidative stress in aging populations.
Quinazolinone Derivative MR2938 Protects DSS-Induced Barrier Dysfunction in Mice Through Regulating Gut Microbiota
Authors: Lv Ling , Maimaitiming Mireguli , Yang Jichen , Xia Shuli , Li Xin , Wang Pingyuan , Liu Zhiqing , Wang Chang-Yun
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is characterized by colorectal immune infiltration and significant microbiota compositional changes. Gut microbiota homeostasis is necessary to maintain the healthy state of humans. MR2938, a quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivative derived from the marine natural product penipanoid C, alleviated DSS-induced colitis in a dose-dependent manner. Herein, we aimed to investigate the impact of MR2938 on the gut microbiota in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and to elucidate the role of the gut microbiota in the therapeutic mechanism of MR2938 for alleviating colitis. Methods: Acute colitis was induced with DSS in mice. Mice were administered with 100 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg of MR2938. Cecal content was also preserved in liquid nitrogen and subsequently analyzed following 16S RNA sequencing. Antibiotic cocktail-induced microbiome depletion was performed to further investigate the relationship between MR2938 and gut microbiota. The inflammatory factor levels were performed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Alcian blue staining and immunofluorescence were used to estimate the intestinal barrier. Results: The 16S rRNA sequencing revealed microbiota modulation by MR2938. Compared with the model group, the 100 mg/kg MR2938 group was associated with higher abundances of Entercoccus and a lower abundance of Staphylococcus, while the 50 mg/kg MR2938 group was associated with higher abundances of Lactobacillus and a lower abundance of Staphylococcus. The antibiotic-mediated microbiota depletion experiments demonstrated that the gut microbiota primarily contributed to barrier function protection, with little impact on inflammatory factor levels during the MR2938 treatment. Conclusions: These findings suggest that intestinal flora play a crucial role in MR2938’s therapeutic mechanism for alleviating colitis.
The Stability-Indicating Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detector and Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method Applied for the Forced Degradation Study of Ritlecitinib: An Appraisal of Green and Blue Metrics
Authors: Kovačić Jelena , Amidžić Klarić Daniela , Turk Nikša , Krznarić Željko , Riordan Emma , Mornar Ana
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Janus kinase inhibitors open new horizons for small-molecule drugs in treating inflammatory bowel disease, with ritlecitinib demonstrating significant efficacy in clinical trials for ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Ritlecitinib, a second-generation JAK3 inhibitor, is a novel therapeutic agent for alopecia areata and other autoimmune conditions. Methods: A new stability-indicating UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS method was developed, validated, and applied for a forced degradation study of ritlecitinib under ICH guidelines. Results: The method demonstrated high specificity, sensitivity (LOD: 0.04 µg/mL; LOQ: 0.14 µg/mL), precision (RSD ≤ 0.15%), and accuracy (99.9–100.3%). Forced degradation studies under acidic, basic, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic conditions revealed four novel degradation products. Basic degradation followed second-order kinetics, while oxidative degradation followed zero-order kinetics. Conclusions: The validated method reliably characterized ritlecitinib’s stability and degradation products, providing essential data for optimizing formulation, determining proper storage conditions, anticipating drug–excipient interactions, and ensuring quality control. The eco-friendliness and applicability of the developed forced degradation procedure were evaluated using various green and blue metric tools. Incorporating green analytical principles underscores its potential for sustainable pharmaceutical analysis.
Synergistic Antifungal Activity of Terbinafine in Combination with Light-Activated Gelatin–Silver Nanoparticles Against Candida albicans Strains
Authors: Ullah Atif , Ali Fawad , Ullah Farman , Sadozai Sajid Khan , Khan Saeed Ahmed , Hussain Sajid , Alrefaei Abdulwahed Fahad , Ali Sajid
Published: January 2025

The development of resistance to traditional antifungal therapies has necessitated the exploration of alternative treatment strategies to effectively manage fungal infections, particularly those induced by Candida albicans (C. albicans). This research investigates the possibility of integrating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with Terbinafine to improve antifungal effectiveness. Terbinafine, while potent, faces challenges with specific fungal strains, highlighting the need for strategies to enhance its treatment efficacy. Silver nanoparticles were produced through a light-activated, gelatin-based method, resulting in particle sizes ranging from 56.8 nm to 66.2 nm, confirmed by dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. Stability studies indicated that AgNPs produced with 30 mg of silver nitrate (AgNO₃) exhibited the greatest stability over 60 days across different temperature conditions. The analysis through UV-visible spectrophotometry revealed a notable shift in the absorption spectra as AgNO₃ concentrations increased, which was associated with a strengthening of plasmon resonance. The effectiveness of the AgNPs and Terbinafine combination was assessed against three strains of C. albicans (ATCC 10231, ATCC 90028, and ATCC 18804). Terbinafine demonstrated strong antifungal properties with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values ranging from 2–4 µg/mL, whereas AgNPs on their own displayed moderate effectiveness. The integrated formulation notably enhanced effectiveness, especially against strain ATCC 90028, revealing a synergistic effect (FIFi = 0.369). These results were complemented by the findings of the time-to-kill assay, where the same strain showed a 3.2 log₁₀ CFU/mL decrease in viable cell count. The process by which AgNPs boost activity entails the disruption of the fungal cell membrane and its internal components, probably as a result of silver ion release and the generation of free radicals. The results indicate that the combination of Terbinafine and AgNPs may act as a powerful alternative for addressing resistant fungal infections, presenting an encouraging direction for future antifungal treatments.
Genotyping Genebank Collections: Strategic Approaches and Considerations for Optimal Collection Management
Authors: Anglin Noelle L. , Wenzl Peter , Azevedo Vania , Lusty Charlotte , Ellis David , Gao Dongying
Published: January 2025

The maintenance of plant germplasm and its genetic diversity is critical to preserving and making it available for food security, so this invaluable diversity is not permanently lost due to population growth and development, climate change, or changing needs from the growers and/or the marketplace. There are numerous genebanks worldwide that serve to preserve valuable plant germplasm for humankind’s future and to serve as a resource for research, breeding, and training. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) and the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) both have a network of plant germplasm collections scattered across varying geographical locations preserving genetic resources for the future. Besides the USDA and CGIAR, there are germplasm collections established in many countries across the world that also aim to preserve crop and plant collections. Due to the advancement of technology, genotyping and sequencing whole genomes of plant germplasm collections is now feasible. Data from genotyping can help define genetic diversity within a collection, identify genetic gaps, reveal genetic redundancies and verify uniqueness, enable the comparison of collections of the same crop across genebanks (rationalization), and determine errors or mix-ups in genetic identity that may have occurred in a germplasm collection. Large-scale projects, such as genotyping germplasm collections, require strategic planning and the development of best practices. This article details strategies and best practices to consider when genotyping whole collections, considerations for the identity verification of germplasm and determining genetic replicates, quality management systems (QMS)/QC genotyping, and some use cases.
Analysis on Salinity Tolerance of Lettuce Cultivars Under Saline Irrigation and Application of Organic Acids
Authors: Jácome Cavalcante Jussiara Sonally , Ferreira Neto Miguel , Peixoto Tayd Dayvison Custódio , Silva Júnior Marcondes Pereira da , Rodrigues Filho Ricardo André , Araújo Kariolania Fortunato de Paiva , Andrade Rayane Amaral de , Souto Lauter Silva , Rocha Josinaldo Lopes Araújo , Silva Luderlândio de Andrade , Fernandes Pedro Dantas , Dias Nildo da Silva , Sá Francisco Vanies da Silva
Published: January 2025

Freshwater depletion becomes a significant challenge as the population grows and food demand rises. We evaluated the responses of lettuce cultivars (Lactuca Sativa) under saline stress in photosynthetic responses, production, and ion homeostasis. We used a randomized block design in a 3 × 5 factorial scheme with five replications—the first factor: three cultivars of curly lettuce: SVR 2005, Simpson, and Grand Rapids. The second factor consisted of five treatments: T1—control (water of 0.53 dS m−1); T2—saline stress (water of 4.0 dS m−1); T3—saline stress + ascorbic acid; T4—saline stress + gibberellic acid; and T5—saline stress + salicylic acid. The Grand Rapids lettuce cultivar tolerated water salinity, obtaining the highest production. The Simpson lettuce cultivar was sensitive to salinity, reducing biomass production under saline stress by 11.47% compared to Grand Rapids. Salicylic acid was more effective at mitigating saline stress in the Simpson lettuce cultivar than ascorbic and gibberellic acids, with a 24.85% increase in production compared to saline stress. The findings suggest that the Grand Rapids lettuce cultivar is more resilient to saline conditions, while salicylic acid can significantly enhance production in the sensitive Simpson cultivar under saline stress.
A Preliminary Stability Assessment of Three State-of-the-Art CAD/CAM Materials Under Human Gingival Cell Culture
Authors: Gatin Eduard , Iordache Stefan , Iordache Ana Maria , Totan (Ripsvki) Alexandra , Moldovan Antoniu , Luculescu Catalin
Published: January 2025

CAM/CAD composites are widely used as dental restoration materials due to their resistivity to wear. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of human gingival fibroblast cells on three different computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) hybrid materials with resin-based composites (RBC) and to assess their stability following cell growth. The CAM/CAD dental materials were investigated in different conditions as follows: (i) cells (human gingival fibroblasts, HFIB-Gs) incubated over the material for each sample, denoted as A; (ii) reference, the raw material, denoted as B; and (iii) materials incubated in DMEM medium, denoted as C. We employed Vicker’s hardness test, EDS, SEM, and AFM measurements as well as Raman spectroscopy to carefully characterize the surface modifications and the structural integrity of the CAM/CAD materials before and after fibroblast cell culture. The analysis of the surface in terms of morphology, roughness, structure, and plastic deformation presented no significant difference after incubation in cells or in media, proving their extraordinary stability and resilience to biofilm formation.
An Innovative Approaches to Fault Sealing Evaluation in the Nanpu No. 1 Structural Belt, Nanpu Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
Authors: Gao Guangliang , Zhang Yang , Yang Zhibin , Duan Bin , Liu Wei , Zhang Xianguo , Qiu Xiaosong , Liu Mancang
Published: January 2025

Fault sealing evaluation is an important part of the preliminary evaluation of gas storage reconstruction. This article takes the 1-29 fault block of the Nanpu No. 1 structural belt in the Bohai Bay Basin of China as an example, with the goal of constructing a reservoir-type gas storage facility in this fault block and conducts research on the evaluation of the fault sealing of this fault block. A method for evaluating the vertical and lateral sealing properties of faults has been established based on a large amount of well-logging data interpretation, well formation comparison, numerical simulation, and downhole tracer methods. Based on the data from the work area, qualitative evaluation indicators such as fault occurrence, fault properties, combination characteristics, and lithological configuration combinations of the upper and lower walls were selected for fault sealing evaluation. The study area developed two types of sealing: docking sealing and fault rock sealing. The mass fraction (SGR) of fault mudstone in the work area is generally high, reaching up to 78%. The normal pressure of the eight fault sections in the research area ranges from 14.98 MPa to 15.45 MPa, and the normal pressure of the fault plane is greater than 8 MPa. Combined with the SGR value of the fault mud ratio, which is generally greater than 50%, the corresponding sand-to-ground ratio is less than 50%, and the vertical sealing of the fault belongs to the moderate to good category. Based on the comprehensive evaluation above, it is believed that the fault sealing in the research area is good and suitable for the reconstruction of gas storage facilities.
Adsorption and Recovery Studies of Cadmium and Lead Ions Using Biowaste Adsorbents from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Feng Liang , Wang Enju
Published: January 2025

The use of low-cost biowaste adsorbents for the removal of toxic metal ions from aqueous solutions offers significant environmental benefits. This research evaluated the adsorption and recovery of Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions in batch and column modes with luffa peels and chamomile flowers. The biosorbents were treated with 0.4 M nitric acid or with 0.4 M NaOH base. An FTIR analysis of the sorbents indicated that surface OH, C=O, CO and COO groups played a role in the adsorption process. L-type isotherms were obtained for Pb2+, fitting both the Langmuir and Freundlich models, with maximum adsorption capacities of 34.0 mg/g for luffa peels and 49.5 mg/g for chamomile flowers. Adsorption isotherms for Cd2+ ion fit better with the Freundlich model with smaller adsorption capacity than Pb2+. Base-treated sorbents have higher adsorption capacity. The adsorption kinetic for both ions are fast and followed a pseudo-second order chemosorption model. Fixed-bed column dynamic adsorption with luffa peels obtained a Thomas dynamic adsorption capacity of 32.9 mg/g for Pb2+ and 25.8 mg/g for Cd2+. The recovery efficiency was 87 to 90% over three adsorption–regeneration cycles.
Mitigation Strategies Based on Life Cycle Assessment for Carbon Dioxide Reduction in Asphalt Pavements: Systematic Review
Authors: Flores-Ruiz Diego , Montoya-Alcaraz Marco , García Leonel , Gutiérrez Manuel , Calderón-Ramírez Julio
Published: January 2025

Expanding the road network is inevitable due to the accelerated economic growth of countries. However, the development of road infrastructure has generated considerable concern among society, governments, and environmental organizations. This concern mainly stems from the significant environmental effects and the omission of the sustainability of materials associated with road construction. Current literature suggests Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as a solution to address greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental impacts of road infrastructure. This research uses the PRISMA-SCR methodology to identify strategies to mitigate environmental impact during the life cycle stages of asphalt pavements and emission-generating activities. This study identifies the critical life cycle stages responsible for the largest amount of emissions, highlighting “material extraction and production” and “transportation” as key areas of intervention. The results demonstrate how the incorporation of recycled materials (RAPs) and warm mix asphalts (WMAs) can reduce between 15% and 45% of total emissions. It is concluded that it is possible to develop asphalt pavement construction projects with a sustainability perspective, allowing not only to identify opportunities to optimize construction processes but also to establish a reference framework for transportation agencies to integrate more sustainable practices, including the reduction of emissions, the responsible use of non-renewable resources and proper waste management.
Additive Effects of Glutathione in Improving Antibiotic Efficacy in HIV–M.tb Co-Infection in the Central Nervous System: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nabipur Leena , Mouawad Michael , Venketaraman Vishwanath
Published: January 2025

Background: HIV and tuberculosis (TB) co-infection poses a significant health challenge, particularly when involving the central nervous system (CNS), where it leads to severe morbidity and mortality. Current treatments face challenges such as drug resistance, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), and persistent inflammation. Glutathione (GSH) has the therapeutic potential to enhance treatment outcomes by improving antibiotic efficacy, reducing inflammation, and mitigating immune dysfunction. Methods: Relevant studies were identified through systematic searches of PubMed, Elsevier, WHO, and related databases. Inclusion criteria focused on preclinical and clinical research examining GSH or its precursors in HIV, TB, or co-infection, with emphasis on microbial control, immune modulation, and CNS-related outcomes. Results: Preclinical studies showed that GSH improves macrophage antimicrobial function, reduces oxidative stress, and limits Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) growth. Animal models demonstrated reduced bacterial burden in the lungs, liver, and spleen with GSH supplementation, along with enhanced granuloma stability. Clinical studies highlighted increased TH1 cytokine production, reduced inflammatory markers, and improved CD4+ T cell counts in HIV–M.tb co-infected patients. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a GSH precursor, was shown to significantly enhance the efficacy of first-line TB antibiotics and mitigate treatment-associated toxicity. Discussion: GSH shows promise as an adjunct therapy for HIV–M.tb co-infection, particularly for cases involving the CNS, where it may improve immune recovery and reduce inflammation. However, evidence is limited by small sample sizes and a lack of randomized trials. Future research should focus on developing CNS-directed GSH formulations and evaluating its integration into current treatment protocols to address the dual burden of HIV and TB, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Stem Cell Therapy for Diseases of Livestock Animals: An In-Depth Review
Authors: Narasimha Raghavendra B. , Shreya Singireddy , Jayabal Vijay Anand , Yadav Vikas , Rath Prasana Kumar , Mishra Bidyut Prava , Kancharla Sudhakar , Kolli Prachetha , Mandadapu Gowtham , Kumar Sudarshan , Mohanty Ashok Kumar , Jena Manoj Kumar
Published: January 2025

Stem cells are unique, undifferentiated cells that have the ability to both replicate themselves and develop into specialized cell types. This dual capability makes them valuable in the development of regenerative medicine. Current development in stem cell research has widened their application in cell therapy, drug discovery, reproductive cloning in animals, and cell models for various diseases. Although there are substantial studies revealing the treatment of human degenerative diseases using stem cells, this is yet to be explored in livestock animals. Many diseases in livestock species such as mastitis, laminitis, neuromuscular disorders, autoimmune diseases, and some debilitating diseases are not covered completely by the existing drugs and treatment can be improved by using different types of stem cells like embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. This review mainly focuses on the use of stem cells for disease treatment in livestock animals. In addition to the diseases mentioned, the potential of stem cells can be helpful in wound healing, skin disease therapy, and treatment of some genetic disorders. This article explores the potential of stem cells from various sources in the therapy of livestock diseases and also their role in the conservation of endangered species as well as disease model preparation. Moreover, the future perspectives and challenges associated with the application of stem cells in livestock are discussed. Overall, the transformative impact of stem cell research on the livestock sector is comprehensively studied which will help researchers to design future research work on stem cells related to livestock diseases.
Enhancing Coastal Aquifer Characterization and Contamination Inversion with Deep Learning
Authors: Chen Xuequn , Chang Yawen , Wu Chao , Tian Chanjuan , Liu Dan , Jiang Simin
Published: January 2025

Coastal aquifers are critical freshwater resources that face increasing threats from contamination and saltwater intrusion. Traditional approaches for characterizing these aquifers are challenged by complex dynamics, high-dimensional parameter spaces, and significant computational demands. This study presents an innovative method that combines an Auto-Regressive Convolutional Neural Network (AR-CNN) surrogate model with the Iterative Local Updating Ensemble Smoother (ILUES) for the joint inversion of contamination source parameters and hydraulic conductivity fields. The AR-CNN surrogate model, trained on synthetic data generated by the SEAWAT model, effectively approximates the complex input–output relationships of coastal aquifer systems, substantially reducing computational burden. The ILUES framework utilizes observational data to iteratively update model parameters. A case study involving a heterogeneous coastal aquifer with multipoint pollution sources demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed method. The results indicate that AR-CNN-ILUES successfully estimates pollution source strengths and characterizes the hydraulic conductivity field, although some limitations are observed in areas with sparse monitoring points and complex geological structures. Compared to the traditional SEAWAT-ILUES framework, the AR-CNN-ILUES approach reduces the total inversion time from approximately 70.4 h to 16.2 h, improving computational efficiency by about 77%. These findings highlight the potential of the AR-CNN-ILUES framework as a promising tool for efficient and accurate characterization of coastal aquifers. By enhancing computational efficiency without significantly compromising accuracy, this method offers a viable solution for the sustainable management and protection of coastal groundwater resources.
The effect of a general practitioner’s perception of a patient request for antibiotics on antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections: secondary analysis of a point prevalence audit survey in 18 European countries
Authors: Domen Julie , Aabenhus Rune , Balan Anca , Bongard Emily , Böhmer Femke , Bralic Lang Valerija , Bruno Pascale , Chlabicz Slawomir , Colliers Annelies , Garcia-Sangenis Ana , Ghazaryan Hrachuhi , Kowalczyk Anna , Jensen Siri , Lionis Christos , van der Linde Tycho M , Malania Lile , Pauer Jozsef , Tomacinschii Angela , Vellinga Akke , Zastavnyy Ihor , Goossens Herman , Butler Christopher C , van der Velden Alike W , Coenen Samuel
Published: January 2025

Background

Illness severity, comorbidity, fever, age and symptom duration influence antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections (RTI). Non-medical determinants, such as patient expectations, also impact prescribing.

Aim

To quantify the effect of general practitioners’ (GPs’) perception of a patient request for antibiotics on antibiotic prescribing for RTI and investigate effect modification by medical determinants and country.

Design & setting

Prospective audit in 18 European countries.

Method

Consultation data were registered of 4982 patients presenting with acute cough and/or sore throat. A mixed-effect logistic regression model analysed the effect of GPs’ perception of a patient request for antibiotics. Two-way interaction terms assessed effect modification. Relevant clinical findings were added to subgroups of lower RTI (LRTI), throat infection, and influenza-like-illness (ILI).

Results

GPs who perceived a patient request for antibiotics were four times more likely to prescribe antibiotics (OR: 4.4, 95%CI: 3.4-5.5). This effect varied by country: lower in Spain (OR: 0.06), Ukraine (OR: 0.15), and Greece (OR: 0.22) compared to the lowest prescribing country. The effect was higher for ILI (OR: 13.86, 95%CI: 5.5-35) and throat infection (OR: 5.1, 95%CI: 3.1-8.4) than for LRTI (OR: 2.9, 95%CI: 1.9-4.3). For ILI and LRTI, GPs were more likely to prescribe antibiotics with abnormal lung auscultation and/or increased/purulent sputum and for throat infection, with tonsillar exudate and/or swollen tonsils.

Conclusion

GPs’ perception of an antibiotic request and specific clinical findings influence antibiotic prescribing. Incorporating exploration of patient expectations, point-of-care testing and discussing watchful waiting into the decision-making process will benefit appropriate prescribing of antibiotics.
Evaluation of the personality disorder positive outcomes programme (PDPOP) in general practice
Authors: Trueman Hayley , Williams Matt , Schafer Robin , Blyth Fiona
Published: January 2025

Background

GPs and primary care services have been identified as crucial to the care of people with personality disorder. Individuals living with personality disorder frequently face stigma and difficulties when accessing healthcare. Primary care staff often describe feeling demoralised, incompetent, hurt or angry after difficult interactions with patients.

Aim

To evaluate the effect of PDPOP training delivered to 10 GP practices in 2022-23.

Design & setting

PDPOP is a co-produced training course aimed at all staff within GP surgeries to help teams, including administrative, reception and clinical staff, to feel confident and skilled when interacting with patients who may have personality disorder.

Method

The New World Kirkpatrick Model was used to evaluate the training, through questionnaires pre- training, post-training, at follow-up, and semi-structured interviews.

Results

Evaluation found that practice teams were highly satisfied with PDPOP training and found it relevant, engaging and useful. Results demonstrated that staff felt more confident and skilled when interacting with patients who may have personality disorder through use of the training’s core concepts. Increased confidence in managing distress, crisis and participant’s own emotions, was associated with reduced impact on staff at interview. Practices also demonstrated action taken post-training to reduce dependency on primary care services.

Conclusion

By including lived-experience trainers and introducing core concepts, PDPOP has demonstrated a sustained positive impact on primary care teams. Further expansion of this type of training may help to increase the confidence of healthcare staff in delivering care to patients with personality disorder and similar complex emotional needs.
Securitization of Cyber Threats to the Indonesian Government:A Study of Cyber Defense Strategy
Authors: Primawanti Henike , Wibowo Sarwo Edi , Hartono Ari , Kiswanto Hendri , Louerens Jafirman Torang Avery
Published: January 2025

The research aims to analyze the cyber threats faced by Indonesia and the issues in them. To achieve this goal, this research explores the Indonesian government's view of cyber security as a non-traditional security threat and the Indonesian government's approach to dealing with cyber threats. It examines the extent to which securitization is carried out by various actors representing the Indonesian government. This research uses a qualitative method with an analytical descriptive form that utilizes direct and indirect sources such as interviews with several informants, literature studies, and documentation studies. This research used a non-traditional security approach, including the securitization theory related to cybersecurity. The finding of this paper suggests that The Ministry of Defense of Indonesia as a state institution did securitization that focuses on the idea of military involvement in securing cyberspace by increasing the current level of cyber technology has been accompanied by an increase in the vulnerability of cybercrime and cyber-attacks both in quality and quantity. The Ministry of Defense formed COC (Cyber Operation Center) as the frontline. It formed the cyber army to strengthen the defense and attack the cyber threat in the Ministry of Defense’s area.
Keywords — Cyber Security, Cyber Threats, Defense Strategy, Ministry of Defense, Securitization
Implementasi Diplomasi Budaya Indonesia melalui Kerja Sama Pendidikan terhadap Korea Selatan (2021-2023)
Authors: Tisnakusumahnita Azizah , Putri Sylvia Octa
Published: January 2025

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi dari diplomasi budaya Indonesia melalui kerja sama pendidikan terhadap Korea Selatan tahun 2021-2023. Penelitian ini menguraikan upaya diplomasi budaya Indonesia melalui kerja sama pendidikan terhadap Korea Selatan, seperti kegiatan budaya di institusi pendidikan di luar negeri, kursus/kelas bahasa Indonesia, beasiswa, dan pertukaran pelajar. Selain itu, diuraikan juga terkait kendala dan peluang, serta hasil diplomasi budaya Indonesia melalui kerja sama pendidikan terhadap Korea Selatan. Peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan data yang dikumpulkan dari bermacam sumber, termasuk studi literatur dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya peningkatan terhadap ketertarikan dari mahasiswa maupun masyarakat Korea Selatan dalam mengenal budaya Indonesia yang dilihat dari pencapaian program-program yang telah terlaksana. Namun, masih terdapat kendala, terutama dalam segi pendanaan dan keterbatasan sumber daya manusia serta promosi. Maka dari itu, untuk memaksimalkan upaya ini diperlukan kolaborasi dari berbagai pihak. Artikel ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan untuk penelitian lebih lanjut serta bahan pembanding bagi mahasiswa yang ingin mengembangkan penelitian di bidang yang sama. Kata kunci — Diplomasi Budaya, Indonesia, Kerja Sama Pendidikan, Korea Selatan
Penerapan Teori Big Five Personality dalam Perancangan Karakter Maskot
Authors: Aryani Tabita Nani , Ardhianto Peter , Utami Maya Putri
Published: January 2025

Maskot sebagai perwakilan dari brand berperan penting berinteraksi dan menjalin relasi dengan audiens. Dalam rangka menciptakan maskot yang believable, diperlukan pemahaman terkait kepribadian maskot. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan teori Big Five Personality sebagai acuan dalam perancangan karakter maskot untuk Prodi DKV SCU. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang diisi oleh 80 responden. Responden dipilih menggunakan metode purposive sampling, yaitu mahasiswa DKV SCU berusia 18-23 tahun, baik pria maupun wanita, yang berdomisili di Semarang, Jawa Tengah. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi serangkaian ciri-ciri yang dapat dikenali secara visual terkait aspek fisiologis, sosial dan psikologis. Selanjutnya pembahasan mengeksplorasi hubungan antara ciri-ciri tersebut dengan ke-lima dimensi Big Five Personality Theory. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi terkait konsep karakter terkait kepribadian secara mendalam dalam kerangka Big Five Personality Theory sebagai landasan bagi perancangan visual maskot.
Teknik Prompt ANVS Progresif untuk Bing Image Creator dan Interpretasi Kesenjangan Gambar AI
Authors: Darmawan Andreas James , Hyuk Yoo Peter Min , Hartawan Rivandy Aprilian
Published: January 2025

Dalam era digital yang semakin berkembang, penguasaan teknologi kecerdasan buatan (AI) image generator telah menjadi alat yang populer bagi desainer, seniman, dan pengguna umum untuk menciptakan gambar yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna. Meskipun demikian, masih banyak pengguna yang menghadapi kesulitan dalam mendapatkan hasil gambar yang sesuai dengan harapan pengguna. Penelitian ini berbasis kualitatif, mencoba secara bertahap pembuatan prompt dengan mengevaluasi hasilnya agar mengerti proses pembuatan gambar dari Bing Image Creator. Penulis mengembangkan dan menguji sebuah formula bernama ANVS; yaitu: Adjective, Noun, Verb, dan Style, yang dirancang untuk membantu pengguna dalam merancang prompt yang efektif. Formula ini secara bertahap dipakai dalam mengembangkan prompt engineering, dimulai dari yang sederhana hingga yang cukup kompleks, untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana setiap komponen dalam ANVS sampai sejauh mana dapat mempengaruhi hasil gambar yang dihasilkan oleh Bing Image Creator. Hasil penelitian berupa pencatatan penggunaan prompt dan hasil gambar dari Bing Image Creator. Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat membantu dalam pembuatan prompt yang tepat untuk menghasilkan gambar yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna, khususnya untuk pengguna platform Bing Image Creator dan/atau AI image generator lain yang sejenis.
Novel Hemodynamic Markers and Kidney Function in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Tuttle Marcelle , Banlengchit Run , Tighiouart Hocine , Testani Jeffrey M. , Moises Amanda I. , Oka Tatsufumi , Ferguson Katie , Sarnak Hannah , Harding Callum , Kiernan Michael S. , Sarnak Mark J. , McCallum Wendy
Published: January 2025

Background:

Patients admitted with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) are vulnerable to declines in kidney function, but the exact mechanisms are unknown. Two novel hemodynamic markers, pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPI) and aortic pulsatility index (API) represent composite right and left-ventricular function respectively.

Methods:

Consecutive unique patient admissions for ADHF to a single quaternary medical center with placement of a pulmonary artery (PA) catheter between 2015-2021 were reviewed. Cubic and linear regression models were used to examine the association between these markers with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and in-hospital eGFR slope. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between PAPI and API with the need for dialysis via linkage of a national database. Covariates included demographics, comorbid conditions, home medications and baseline eGFR.

Results:

The cohort included N=753 patients with mean (SD) age 62.2 (14.4), eGFR 58.0 (27.1) ml/min/1.73m2. For every halving of PAPI, there was a 3.3 (95% CI 1.5, 5.1) ml/min/1.73 m2 lower baseline eGFR, and a 0.78 (95% CI 0.32, 1.25) ml/min/1.73 m2/week lower in-hospital eGFR slope. Over a median follow-up time of 30.3 months, lower PAPI was associated with higher hazard of dialysis during the follow-up period (HR 1.44 (95%CI 1.06, 1.96) per halving). There was no association between API with baseline eGFR, in-hospital eGFR slope, or dialysis.

Conclusions:

Lower PAPI was associated with a lower baseline eGFR, lower in-hospital eGFR slope and higher risk of dialysis. API was not associated with any kidney outcomes.