bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional reconstruction of defects in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a fetal MRI study
Authors: Prayer F. , Metzelder M. , Krois W. , Brugger P. C. , Gruber G. M. , Weber M. , Scharrer A. , Rokitansky A. , Langs G. , Prayer D. , Unger E. , Kasprian G.
Published: April 2019

Objective

To assess the clinical feasibility and validity of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction to locate, classify and quantify diaphragmatic defects in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Methods

This retrospective study included 46 cases of CDH which underwent a total of 69 fetal MRI scans (65 in‐vivo and four postmortem) at the Medical University of Vienna during the period 1 January 2002 to 1 January 2017. Scans were performed between 16 and 38 gestational weeks using steady‐state free precession, T2‐weighted and T1‐weighted sequences. MRI data were retrieved from the hospital database and manual segmentation of the diaphragm was performed with the open‐source software, ITK‐SNAP. The resulting 3D models of the fetal diaphragm and its defect(s) were validated by postmortem MRI segmentation and/or comparison of 3D model‐based classification of the defect with a reference classification based on autopsy and/or surgery reports. Surface areas of the intact diaphragm and of the defect were measured and used to calculate defect–diaphragmatic ratios (DDR). The need for prosthetic patch repair and, in cases with repeated in‐vivo fetal MRI scans, diaphragm growth dynamics, were analyzed based on DDR.

Results

Fetal MRI‐based manual segmentation of the diaphragm in CDH was feasible for all 65 (100%) of the in‐vivo fetal MRI scans. Based on the 3D diaphragmatic models, one bilateral and 45 unilateral defects (n = 47) were further classified as posterolateral (23/47, 48.9%), lateral (7/47, 14.9%) or hemidiaphragmatic (17/47, 36.2%) defects, and none (0%) was classified as anterolateral. This classification of defect location was correct in all 37 (100%) of the cases in which this information could be verified. Nineteen cases had a follow‐up fetal MRI scan; in five (26.3%) of these, the initial CDH classification was altered by the results of the second scan. Thirty‐three fetuses underwent postnatal diaphragmatic surgical repair; 20 fetuses (all of those with DDR ≥ 54 and 88% of those with DDR > 30) received a diaphragmatic patch, while the other 13 underwent primary surgical repair. Individual DDRs at initial and at follow‐up in‐vivo fetal MRI correlated significantly (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

MRI‐based 3D reconstruction of the fetal diaphragm in CDH has been validated to visualize, locate, classify and quantify the defect. Planning of postnatal surgery may be optimized by MRI‐based prediction of the necessity for patch placement and the ability to personalize patch design based on 3D‐printable templates. © 2019 Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
A reflexive lens: Critical librarianship at UAL
Authors: Crilly Jess
Published: April 2019

This article presents an insider view of engagement with critical librarianship in a higher education and arts library context. The gains from this engagement include a stronger voice in institutional dialogue and collaboration, and the development of exploratory practices in collection development and information literacy that are increasingly informed by critical perspectives.

Our experiences and examples of emerging practise highlight some of the complexities and ambiguities of critical librarianship, around novelty, compliance, institutionalisation, and the challenge of how we convert these theoretical insights into the power structures at play in libraries and archives into meaningful changes for the benefit of all of our students.

Ultimately the conclusion is that if we recognise these power structures, and the particular role of the library in knowledge production, consumption and validation, we must take critically informed action.
FOUNDATIONS OF ONLINE STRUCTURE THEORY
Authors: BAZHENOV NIKOLAY , DOWNEY ROD , KALIMULLIN ISKANDER , MELNIKOV ALEXANDER
Published: April 2019

The survey contains a detailed discussion of methods and results in the new emerging area of online “punctual” structure theory. We also state several open problems.
Weak containment of measure-preserving group actions
Authors: BURTON PETER J. , KECHRIS ALEXANDER S.
Published: April 2019

This paper concerns the study of the global structure of measure-preserving actions of countable groups on standard probability spaces. Weak containment is a hierarchical notion of complexity of such actions, motivated by an analogous concept in the theory of unitary representations. This concept gives rise to an associated notion of equivalence of actions, called weak equivalence, which is much coarser than the notion of isomorphism (conjugacy). It is well understood now that, in general, isomorphism is a very complex notion, a fact which manifests itself, for example, in the lack of any reasonable structure in the space of actions modulo isomorphism. On the other hand, the space of weak equivalence classes is quite well behaved. Another interesting fact that relates to the study of weak containment is that many important parameters associated with actions, such as the type, cost, and combinatorial parameters, turn out to be invariants of weak equivalence and in fact exhibit desirable monotonicity properties with respect to the pre-order of weak containment, a fact that can be useful in certain applications. There has been quite a lot of activity in this area in the last few years, and our goal in this paper is to provide a survey of this work.
-SIGNATURE UNDER BIRATIONAL MORPHISMS
Authors: MA LINQUAN , POLSTRA THOMAS , SCHWEDE KARL , TUCKER KEVIN
Published: April 2019

We study$F$-signature under proper birational morphisms$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}:Y\rightarrow X$, showing that$F$-signature strictly increases for small morphisms or if$K_{Y}\leqslant \unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}^{\ast }K_{X}$. In certain cases, we can even show that the$F$-signature of$Y$is at least twice as that of $X$. We also provide examples of$F$-signature dropping and Hilbert–Kunz multiplicity increasing under birational maps without these hypotheses.
The instability of gyrotactically trapped cell layers
Authors: Maretvadakethope Smitha , Keaveny Eric E. , Hwang Yongyun
Published: April 2019

Several metres below the coastal ocean surface there are areas of high ecological activity that contain thin layers of concentrated motile phytoplankton. Gyrotactic trapping has been proposed as a potential mechanism for layer formation of bottom-heavy swimming algae cells, especially in flows where the vorticity varies linearly with depth (Durhamet al.,Science, vol. 323(5917), 2009, pp. 1067–1070). Using a continuum model for dilute microswimmer suspensions, we report that an instability of a gyrotactically trapped cell layer can arise in a pressure-driven plane channel flow. The linear stability analysis reveals that the equilibrium cell-layer solution is hydrodynamically unstable due to negative microswimmer buoyancy (i.e. a gravitational instability) over a range of biologically relevant parameter values. The critical cell concentration for this instability is found to be$N_{c}\simeq 10^{4}~\text{cells}~\text{cm}^{-3}$, a value comparable to the typical maximum cell concentration observed in thin layers. This result indicates that the instability may be a potential mechanism for limiting the layer’s maximum cell concentration, especially in regions where turbulence is weak, and motivates the study of its nonlinear evolution, perhaps, in the presence of turbulence.
Toward a General Theory of Anomie The Social Psychology of Disintegration
Authors: Abrutyn Seth
Published: April 2019

Though anomie is one of sociology’s most unique conceptual contributions, its progenitor, Emile Durkheim, was notably ambiguous about its meaning. Consequently, its use in contemporary sociology has varied wildly. In part, the confusion surrounding anomie stems from Durkheim’s insistence that it iscausedbyderegulation, which has resisted operationalization. Nevertheless, careful consideration of the “four faces” of anomie most prominent in the sociological canon—that is, (1) the anomic division of labor, (2) anomic suicide, (3) Mertonian strain, and (4) the micro-level symbolic-cultural versions—reveals that disruption and disintegration, rather than deregulation, are the common threads woven through each. Drawing from this insight, a new theoretical conceptualization for anomie is offered that defines it as (a) a social psychological force operating at both the (b) individual- or “meso”/corporate unit-level of social reality that results from (c) chronic or acutedisruptionsthat, in turn, generate (d) real or imagined disintegrative pressures. Furthermore, disruptions are not only predicated on the real or imagined loss of social ties (dissolution), but also on the real or imagined loss of attachment to a coherent social reality (disjunction) and/or physical space (dislocation). This recalibration allows anomie to enter into deeper dialogue with a wide range of other phenomena that may in fact share some overlapping elements with anomie related to the pain of potentially losing cherished social relationships and the motivation toward self-harm, anti-socialandeven pro-social behaviors to escape this social pain.
Transglycosylated starch accelerated intestinal transit and enhanced bacterial fermentation in the large intestine using a pig model
Authors: Metzler-Zebeli Barbara U. , Newman Monica A. , Ladinig Andrea , Kandler Wolfgang , Grüll Dietmar , Zebeli Qendrim
Published: April 2019

Resistant starch can alter the intestinal nutrient availability and bulk of digesta, thereby modulating the substrate available for microbial metabolic activity along the gastrointestinal tract. This study elucidated the effect of transglycosylated starch (TGS) on the retention of digesta in the upper digestive tract, ileal flow and hindgut disappearance of nutrients, and subsequent bacterial profiles in pigs. Fourteen ileal-cannulated growing pigs were fed either the TGS or control (CON) diet in a complete crossover design. Each period consisted of a 10-d adaptation to the diets, followed by 3-d collection of faeces and ileal digesta. Consumption of TGS decreased the retention of digesta in the stomach and small intestine, and increased ileal DM, starch, Ca and P flow, leading to enhanced starch fermentation in the hindgut compared with CON-fed pigs. TGS increased ileal and faecal total SCFA, especially ileal and faecal acetate and faecal butyrate. Gastric retention time positively correlated toKlebsiella, which benefitted together withSelenomonas,Lactobacillus,Mitsuokellaand Coriobacteriaceae from TGS feeding and ileal starch flow. Similar relationships existed in faeces with Coriobacteriaceae, Veillonellaceae andMegasphaerabenefitting most, either directly or indirectly via cross-feeding, from TGS residuals in faeces. TGS, in turn, depressed genera within Ruminococcaceae,Clostridialesand Christensenellaceae compared with the CON diet. The present results demonstrated distinct ileal and faecal bacterial community and metabolite profiles in CON- and TGS-fed pigs, which were modulated by the type of starch, intestinal substrate flow and retention of digesta in the upper digestive tract.
A Sharp Break: Childs, Wellhausen, and Theo-referentiality
Authors: Cornell Collin
Published: April 2019

Julius Wellhausen proposed a “sharp break” between ancient Israelite religion and early Judaism: for him, the eighth-century prophets were the “spiritual destroyers of old Israel” and the forerunners of early Judaism. The biblical theologian Brevard Childs rejected Wellhausen’s reconstruction and insisted instead that “very strong theological continuity” characterized the development of Israelite religion from its outset. Numerous contemporary theological interpreters share Childs’s perspective. However, a “Wellhausen renaissance” is currently underway in the study of Israelite religion and early Judaism. This situation poses an unresolved challenge for theological interpretation, at least of the kind that Childs advocated. The present article addresses this dilemma. It first inventories Childs’s reasons for opposing Wellhausen’s sharp break, which emerge from Childs’s vision for scriptural “theo- referentiality.” Secondly, it tests whether Childs’s theological insights, the very same that led to his repudiation of Wellhausen, might accommodate Wellhausen’s historical claim. The final result is to set Wellhausen and Childs, historical reconstruction and theological interpretation, in a noncompetitive relationship.
Behavioral preference for viewing drug v. pleasant images predicts current and future opioid misuse among chronic pain patients
Authors: Moeller Scott J. , Hanley Adam W. , Garland Eric L.
Published: April 2019

Background

The USA is currently enduring an opioid crisis. Identifying cost-effective, easy-to-implement behavioral measures that predict treatment outcomes in opioid misusers is a crucial scientific, therapeutic, and epidemiological goal.

Methods

The current study used a mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal design to test whether a behavioral choice task, previously validated in stimulant users, was associated with increased opioid misuse severity at baseline, and whether it predicted change in opioid misuse severity at follow-up. At baseline, data from 100 prescription opioid-treated chronic pain patients were analyzed; at follow-up, data were analyzed in 34 of these participants who were non-misusers at baseline. During the choice task, participants chose under probabilistic contingencies whether to view opioid-related images in comparison with affectively pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral images. Following previous procedures, we also assessed insight into choice behavior, operationalized as whether (yes/no) participants correctly self-reported the image category they chose most often.

Results

At baseline, the higher choice for viewing opioid images in direct comparison with pleasant images was associated with opioid misuse and impaired insight into choice behavior; the combination of these produced especially elevated opioid-related choice behavior. In longitudinal analyses of individuals who were initially non-misusers, higher baseline opioid v. pleasant choice behavior predicted more opioid misuse behaviors at follow-up.

Conclusions

These results indicate that greater relative allocation of behavior toward opioid stimuli and away from stimuli depicting natural reinforcement is associated with concurrent opioid misuse and portends vulnerability toward future misuse. The choice task may provide important medical information to guide opioid-prescribing practices.
Collaborative Control of Multiple Robots Using Genetic Fuzzy Systems
Authors: Sathyan Anoop , Ma Ou
Published: April 2019

This paper introduces an approach of collaborative control for individual robots to collaboratively perform a common task, without the need for a centralized controller to coordinate the group. The approach is illustrated by an application example involving multiple robots performing a collaborative task to achieve a common goal. The objective of this example problem is to control multiple robots that are connected to an object through elastic cables in order to bring the object to a target position. There is no communication between the robots, and hence each robot is unaware of how the other robots are going to react at any instant. Only the information pertaining to the object and the target is available to all the robots at any instant. Genetic fuzzy system (GFS) is used to develop controller for each of the robots. The nonlinearity of fuzzy logic systems coupled with the search capability of genetic algorithms provides a tool to design controllers for such collaborative tasks. A set of training scenarios are developed to train the individual robot controllers for this task. The trained controllers are then tested on an extensive set of scenarios. This paper describes the development process of GFS controllers for dynamic case involving systems consisting of three robots. It is also shown that the GFS controllers are scalable for the more complex systems involving more than three robots.
Debating Natalism: Israeli One-Woman Shows on Experiencing Childlessness
Authors: Harari Dror , Kroul Gillit
Published: April 2019

Natalism constitutes one of the main values of Israeli society, to the extent that the state’s explicit policy is to encourage and heavily finance childbearing. Whatever the reasons for this pronatalist ideology may be – religious, cultural, or politico-demographic – the fact is that, in twenty-first century Israel, motherhood is still considered a biological imperative; and a Jewish-Israeli woman’s reproductive body is implicitly mobilized for national needs. Against the backdrop of this persistent pro-birth agenda, in this study Dror Harari and Gillit Kroul discuss a noteworthy number of recently staged one-woman shows that critically debate the Israeli ‘fertility religion’ and the physical and emotional distress that it causes for the infertile and childfree woman. These autobiographical performances of infertility are seen as a sub-genre of Israeli critical disability performance, in that they manifest the idea that what defines the infertile as disabled is not (only) the woman’s biological deficiency but, rather, her inability to fulfil her national gendered role. Dror Harari is a Senior Lecturer at the Department of Theatre Arts, Tel Aviv University. His Self-Performance: Performance Art and the Representation of Self was published in Hebrew by Resling Publications (2014), and his current research, funded by the Israel Science Foundation, focuses on the historiography of performance art in Israel from its origins in the 1960s and through the 1970s. Gillit Kroul has an MA in Theatre Studies from Tel Aviv University. Her book of poetry When the Sea Seeds its Hopes is published by Sa’ar Publications, and her short semi-autobiographical play in Hebrew Shnayim (Two), based on her experience of fertility treatment, is available at .
Using the evidence base for social anxiety to understand and treat paranoia: a single case experimental design
Authors: Hicks Stephanie
Published: April 2019

Research suggests that paranoia and social anxiety can be understood as part of the same continuum, having shared processes such as the anticipation of threat, cognitive biases, poor self-concept, worry and safety-seeking behaviours. There is limited research on whether evidence-based interventions for social anxiety could be used with individuals who experience paranoia; however, an existing brief intervention study using techniques taken from cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for social anxiety has had promising results.

This paper uses a single-case experimental design to explore whether using a clinical model of the maintenance of paranoia followed by CBT for social anxiety can be an effective formulation and intervention method in cases where social anxiety processes appear to be maintaining paranoid thoughts. This may be an effective formulation and intervention method, resulting in a reduction in anxiety and a reduction in the distress associated with paranoid thoughts. The clinical implications are discussed along with limitations and recommendations for further research.

Key learning aims

(1)

To describe shared processes in social anxiety and paranoia.

(2)

To identify the benefits and limitations of using a clinical model of paranoia and CBT for social anxiety for formulation and intervention with individuals experiencing paranoia.

(3)

To identify areas where further research is warranted in treatment for individuals experiencing paranoia.
Cadillo (Urena lobata) control with POST herbicides
Authors: Dias José Luiz C. S. , Duarte Guilherme Esteves , Colombo Wendy Linares , Sellers Brent A.
Published: April 2019

Cadillo is an invasive species in Florida pastures and natural areas. Despite its invasiveness, relatively few studies have evaluated cadillo management. Thus, the objective of this research was to determine effective POST herbicides for cadillo control in Florida. Greenhouse and field studies were conducted at the Range Cattle Research and Education Center near Ona, FL, in 2015 and 2016. In the greenhouse study, triclopyr-ester, aminopyralid, metsulfuron, 2,4-D amine, aminopyralid+metsulfuron, aminocyclopyrachlor+metsulfuron, and imazapyr+aminocyclopyrachlor+metsulfuron provided ≥80% control of cadillo 28 d after treatment (DAT). Aminocyclopyrachlor at 17 and 35 g ha–1were the only treatments with <80% control, with 70% and 75% control, respectively. Similar results were reflected in cadillo dry biomass reduction. The herbicide treatments used in the field study were triclopyr-ester, aminopyralid, 2,4-D amine, aminocyclopyrachlor, and triclopyr+fluroxypyr. Most treatments provided excellent control in the field (≥90% control) 30 DAT, and by 60 DAT all treatments provided 100% control. Results from these studies suggest that cadillo is susceptible to many of the common POST herbicides utilized in pastures and natural areas in Florida.
Anthropometric Profile, Serum Leptin, Antioxidant Vitamins, LEPR Q223R Polymorphism and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescents
Authors: Gama Oliveira Maria Nubia , Rosa Glorimar , João Mansure José , Wagner Ramos Viviane , Godoy Paulo Henrique
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as bad eating habits, are typical in adolescence and lead to the consumption of meals that are not always sufficient in vitamins A, E, β-carotene, excess calories and elevated serum leptin levels. The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between vitamin A deficiency (VAD), β-carotene deficiency (βcD), vitamin E deficiency (VED) and to explore the association of leptin receptor Q223R polymorphisms with obesity and other risk factors for CVD. Method: This observational study included 237 adolescents recruited from Adolescents Reference Center, Brazil. It was collected: socioeconomic and clinical data, laboratory and molecular samples. Results: The average age was 14.93 ± 2.18 years, 66.2 % were girls, 38.0 % had high levels of total cholesterol (TC) between 10–14 years Triceps (TSF) and subscapular skinfolds (SSF) measurements were inversely correlated with VAD. There was also an association between VAD, βcD and high triglyceride (TG) levels. Adolescents with the RR genotype presented a trend toward higher levels of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), TC, TG, low density lipoprotein (LDLC), leptin and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c). Conclusion: The girls had higher levels of leptin than boys. Abdominal fat, βcD and VED were observed in adolescents with VAD. Individuals with RR genotype have drawn attention to cardiovascular risk factors such as high rate of LDLC and reduced rate of HDLc. Thus, it is possible that individuals with this genotype may be more susceptible to the presence of cardiovascular risk factors.
Prevalent Low Thiamine Status Among Adults Living in Seoul Metropolitan Area (South Korea)
Authors: Kim Young-Nam , Cho Youn-Ok
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The thiamine status of South Korean people has not been recently reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine thiamine intake and status of Korean adults based on a biochemical index. Three consecutive 24-h food recalls and morning first-urine samples were obtained from 143 healthy adults (65 men and 78 women), aged 20–64 years, living in Seoul metropolitan area, Korea. Daily dietary thiamine intake of men and women was 1.42 ± 0.37 mg and 1.18 ± 0.24 mg, respectively. Only 9.1% of the subjects consumed less total thiamine (dietary plus supplemental thiamine) than the estimated average requirement for Koreans. The top 10 major dietary thiamine sources were pork, polished rice, ramyeon (Korean instant noodles), baechukimchi (Chinese cabbage), mandarin oranges, chicken, cow’s milk, bread, beef, and potatoes. Those top 10 foods provided 57.85% of the subjects’ dietary thiamine intake and the top 30 food sources provided 77.23% of their dietary thiamine intake. Urinary thiamine excretions for men and women were 37.20 ± 26.54 and 39.09 ± 28.80 μg/g creatinine, respectively. Urinary thiamine excretion was positively correlated with total thiamine intake (r = 0.3349, p < 0.0001). Approximately 40% of the subjects had urinary thiamine excretion < 27 μg/g creatinine, indicating thiamine deficiency. In conclusion, thiamine intake among Korean adults in this study was generally adequate, but there was a high prevalence of a low thiamine status. Further study is required to explain the incongruity of adequate intake and low thiamine status thiamine in the South Korean population.
Carriers of the Field‐Aligned Currents in the Plasma Sheet Boundary Layer: An MMS Multicase Study
Authors: Chen YuanQiang , Wu Mingyu , Wang Guoqiang , Schmid Daniel , Zhang Tielong , Nakamura Rumi , Baumjohann Wolfgang , Burch James L. , Giles Barbara J. , Russell Christopher T.
Published: April 2019

With the advantage of fast plasma measurements of the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission in the magnetotail, we first investigate the particle carriers of field‐aligned currents (FACs) in the plasma sheet boundary layer for three cases. In all cases, electrons are the main carriers of FACs, while the contribution of ions can be neglected. The analysis of these cases indicate that thermal electrons (energy range from 0.5Te to 5Te, where Te is the electron parallel temperature) are the main carrier of the FACs. However, cold electrons (energy less than 0.5Te) can also significantly contribute to the FACs. In one of three cases, suprathermal electrons (energy greater than 5Te) contribute but a small portion to the total current. The difference between the cases may depend on the local dynamics in the magnetotail. Then a statistical analysis was performed, which also shows that the thermal electrons are dominant in most of the FACs, while the cold electrons can be dominant in some cases. However, the suprathermal electrons cannot support the FACs solely, and they and the cold electrons are more often supporting the FACs together with the thermal electrons.
Coral Reef Calcification and Production After the 2016 Bleaching Event at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef
Authors: McMahon Ashly , Santos Isaac R. , Schulz Kai G. , Scott Anna , Silverman Jack , Davis Kay L. , Maher Damien T.
Published: April 2019

Severe coral bleaching events have affected the GBR causing massive losses of hard coral cover. Here we use flow respirometry approaches to assess coral reef net ecosystem calcification (NEC) and net ecosystem production following the 2015/2016 bleaching event at Lizard Island in the northern Great Barrier Reef, a heavily impacted area. Previous studies conducted in 2008 and 2009 (Silverman et al., 2014, http://10.1016/j.gca.2014.09.011) were used as preimpact data. Lagrangian and Eulerian approaches provided varied results. Estimated NEC (29.1 to 137.7 mmol m−2 day−1) and NEP (−876.7 to 50.5 mmol m−2 day−1) rates in 2016 were highly sensitive to assumptions about reef water residence times and oceanic end‐member concentrations. Replicating the methodology used for the 2008 and 2009 study resulted in postbleaching NEC in 2016 of 32 ± 10.8 mmol m−2 day−1, 40%–46% lower than prebleaching estimates in 2008 (61 ± 12 mmol m−2 day−1) and 2009 (54 ± 13 mmol m−2 day−1). The slopes of the total alkalinity versus dissolved inorganic carbon plot decreased from ~ 0.3 in 2008 and 2009 to 0.1 in 2016, indicating elevated organic production and a shift in community function. Changes in NEC relative to the previous study were not driven by changing Ωarag. Coral cover shifted from 8.3% and 7.1% in 2008 and 2009 to 3.0% in 2016. We demonstrate a clear decrease in coral reef NEC following bleaching and highlight that subtle assumptions/methodological differences may create bias in the interpretation of results. Therefore, comparing coral reef metabolism data sets and predicting long‐term coral reef calcification based on existing short‐term data sets needs to be done with care.
How the Moon Got Its Concentric Rings
Authors: Underwood Emily
Published: April 2019

A new study explores the origins of massive, multiringed lunar craters.
Finding the Gaps in America’s Magnetic Maps
Authors: Drenth Benjamin , Grauch V.
Published: April 2019

A 2017 executive order mandated a plan to evaluate U.S. access to critical mineral resources, but the airborne magnetic survey maps that support this effort are sadly out of date.
Magnetospheric Signatures of STEVE: Implications for the Magnetospheric Energy Source and Interhemispheric Conjugacy
Authors: Nishimura Y. , Gallardo‐Lacourt B. , Zou Y. , Mishin E. , Knudsen D. J. , Donovan E. F. , Angelopoulos V. , Raybell R.
Published: April 2019

We present three STEVE (strong thermal emission velocity enhancement) events in conjunction with Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions (THEMIS) in the magnetosphere and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) and Swarm in the ionosphere, for determining equatorial and interhemispheric signatures of the STEVE purple/mauve arc and picket fence. Both types of STEVE emissions are associated with subauroral ion drifts (SAID), electron heating, and plasma waves. The magnetosphere observations show structured electrons and flows and waves (likely kinetic Alfven, magnetosonic, or lower‐hybrid waves) just outside the plasmasphere. Interestingly, the event with the picket fence had a >~1 keV electron structure detached from the electron plasma sheet, upward field‐aligned currents (FACs), and ultraviolet emissions in the conjugate hemisphere, while the event with only the mauve arc did not have precipitation or ultraviolet emission. We suggest that the electron precipitation drives the picket fence, and heating drives the mauve as thermal emission.
Analytic Solutions for Tidal Propagation in Multilayer Coastal Aquifers
Authors: Bakker Mark
Published: April 2019

A new analytic solution is presented for tidal propagation in multilayer coastal aquifers consisting of an arbitrary number of layers. The solution is derived using matrix calculus and may be applied to simulate tidal propagation in systems where aquifer layers are separated by leaky layers of low permeability or in stratified aquifers. The head, amplitude, and phase shift may be simulated for arbitrary tidal components. The transmissivity, storage coefficient, and loading efficiency may be different for every aquifer layer. Similarly, the resistance to vertical flow, storage coefficient, and loading efficiency may be different for every leaky layer. The aquifer system extends an infinite distance below the sea or may end abruptly at the shore line. In the former case, different aquifer and leaky layer properties may be specified below the sea and below the land. A homogeneous unconfined aquifer is simulated with 80 layers to demonstrate that the tidal signal propagates much farther inland in the deeper part than in the shallower part of an unconfined aquifer. This effect is enhanced significantly when layers of low permeability are present in the aquifer, even when these layers are fairly thin, such as clay lenses. The solution is implemented in Python and may be used, for example, to estimate aquifer parameters from head measurements in coastal aquifers.
Development and Application of a Functional Human Esophageal Mucosa Explant Platform to Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Kurten Richard C. , Rawson Renee , Shoda Tetsuo , Duong Loan D. , Adejumobi Dolapo , Levy Rebecca , Newbury Robert O. , Rothenberg Marc E. , Akuthota Praveen , Wright Benjamin L. , Dohil Ranjan , Jones Stacie M. , Aceves Seema S.
Published: April 2019

There is an increasing prevalence of esophageal diseases but intact human tissue platforms to study esophageal function, disease mechanisms, and the interactions between cell types in situ are lacking. To address this, we utilized full thickness human donor esophagi to create and validate the ex vivo function of mucosa and smooth muscle (n = 25). Explanted tissue was tested for contractile responses to carbachol and histamine. We then treated ex vivo human esophageal mucosa with a cytokine cocktail to closely mimic the Th2 and inflammatory milieu of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and assessed alterations in smooth muscle and extracellular matrix function and stiffening. We found that full thickness human esophagus as well as the individual layers of circular and longitudinal muscularis propria developed tension in response to carbachol ex vivo and that mucosa demonstrated squamous cell differentiation. Treatment of mucosa with Th2 and fibrotic cytokines recapitulated the majority of the clinical Eosinophilic Esophagitis Diagnostic Profile (EDP) on fluidic transcriptional microarray. Transforming growth factor-beta-1 (TGFβ1) increased gene expression of fibronectin, smooth muscle actin, and phospholamban (p < 0.001). The EoE cocktail also increased stiffness and decreased mucosal compliance, akin to the functional alterations in EoE (p = 0.001). This work establishes a new, transcriptionally intact and physiologically functional human platform to model esophageal tissue responses in EoE.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Bioluminescence Imaging for Evaluating Tumor Burden in Orthotopic Colon Cancer
Authors: Ravoori M. K. , Margalit O. , Singh S. , Kim Sun-Hee , Wei W. , Menter D. G. , DuBois R. N. , Kundra V.
Published: April 2019

Quantifying tumor burden is important for following the natural history of orthotopic colon cancer and therapeutic efficacy. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is commonly used for such assessment and has both advantages and limitations. We compared BLI and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for quantifying orthotopic tumors in a mouse model of colon cancer. Among sequences tested, T2-based MRI imaging ranked best overall for colon cancer border delineation, contrast, and conspicuity. Longitudinal MRI detected tumor outside the colon, indistinguished by BLI. Colon tumor weights calculated from MRI in vivo correlated highly with tumor weights measured ex vivo whereas the BLI signal intensities correlated relatively poorly and this difference in correlations was highly significant. This suggests that MRI may more accurately assess tumor burden in longitudinal monitoring of orthotopic colon cancer in this model as well as in other models.
Direct detection of bacteremia by exploiting host-pathogen interactions of lipoteichoic acid and lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Kubicek-Sutherland Jessica Z. , Vu Dung M. , Noormohamed Aneesa , Mendez Heather M. , Stromberg Loreen R. , Pedersen Christine A. , Hengartner Astrid C. , Klosterman Katja E. , Bridgewater Haley A. , Otieno Vincent , Cheng Qiuying , Anyona Samuel B. , Ouma Collins , Raballah Evans , Perkins Douglas J. , McMahon Benjamin H. , Mukundan Harshini
Published: April 2019

Bacteremia is a leading cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa where childhood mortality rates are the highest in the world. The early diagnosis of bacteremia and initiation of treatment saves lives, especially in high-disease burden areas. However, diagnosing bacteremia is challenging for clinicians, especially in children presenting with co-infections such as malaria and HIV. There is an urgent need for a rapid method for detecting bacteremia in pediatric patients with co-morbidities to inform treatment. In this manuscript, we have developed and clinically validated a novel method for the direct detection of amphiphilic pathogen biomarkers indicative of bacteremia, directly in aqueous blood, by mimicking innate immune recognition. Specifically, we have exploited the interaction of amphiphilic pathogen biomarkers such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria and lipoteichoic acids (LTA) from Gram-positive bacteria with host lipoprotein carriers in blood, in order to develop two tailored assays – lipoprotein capture and membrane insertion – for their direct detection. Our assays demonstrate a sensitivity of detection of 4 ng/mL for LPS and 2 ng/mL for LTA using a waveguide-based optical biosensor platform that was developed at LANL. In this manuscript, we also demonstrate the application of these methods for the detection of LPS in serum from pediatric patients with invasive Salmonella Typhimurium bacteremia (n = 7) and those with Staphylococcal bacteremia (n = 7) with 100% correlation with confirmatory culture. Taken together, these results demonstrate the significance of biochemistry in both our understanding of host-pathogen biology, and development of assay methodology, as well as demonstrate a potential new approach for the rapid, sensitive and accurate diagnosis of bacteremia at the point of need.
Host population density and presence of predators as key factors influencing the number of gregarious parasitoid Anaphes flavipes offspring
Authors: Samková Alena , Hadrava Jiří , Skuhrovec Jiří , Janšta Petr
Published: April 2019

The number of parasitoids developed per host is one of the major factors that influences future adult body size and reproductive success. Here, we examined four external factors (host species, heritability, host population density, and presence of predators) that can affect the number of the gregarious parasitoid Anaphes flavipes (Förster, 1841) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) wasps developing in one host. The effect of host population density on the number of parasitoid offspring developed per host was confirmed, and for the first time, we also showed that the number of offspring per host is influenced by the presence of predators. Low host density and presence of predators increases the number of wasps developed in one host egg. However, a higher number of A. flavipes in one host reduces A. flavipes body size and hence its future individual fertility and fitness. Our results highlighted the importance of some external factors that distinctly affect the number of wasp offspring. Therefore, in this context, we suggest that in comparison to solitary parasitoids, the gregarious parasitoid A. flavipes can better respond to various external factors and can more flexibly change its population density.
Placental secretion of apolipoprotein A1 and E: the anti-atherogenic impact of the placenta
Authors: Melhem Hassan , Kallol Sampada , Huang Xiao , Lüthi Michael , Ontsouka Corneille Edgar , Keogh Adrian , Stroka Deborah , Thormann Wolfgang , Schneider Henning , Albrecht Christiane
Published: April 2019

High levels of atherogenic lipids in pregnancy are associated with health complications for the mother, the fetus and the newborn. As endocrine secretory tissue, the human placenta releases apolipoproteins (apos), particularly apoA1 and apoE. However, the magnitude and the directionality of the apo secretions remain unknown. We aimed to 1) determine the amount and orientation (apical-maternal versus basal-fetal) of placentally secreted apoA1 and apoE using human perfused placenta and primary trophoblast cell (PTC) culture, 2) compare apoA1 and apoE secretions of PTC with that of hepatocytes and 3) associate the obtained results with human blood levels by determining apoA1 and apoE concentrations in maternal and fetal serum samples. In perfused placenta and serum samples, apoA1 and apoE concentrations were significantly higher at the maternal compared to the fetal side. For apoE a similar trend was found in PTC. For apoA1, the secretion to the apical side declined over time while release to the basal side was stable resulting in significantly different apoA1 concentrations between both sides. Unexpectedly, PTC secreted significantly higher amounts of apoA1 and apoE compared to hepatocytes. Our data indicate that the placenta may play an important role in maternal and fetal cholesterol homeostasis via secretion of anti-atherogenic apos.
Limb linkage rehabilitation training-related changes in cortical activation and effective connectivity after stroke: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Huo Congcong , Xu Gongcheng , Li Zengyong , Lv Zeping , Liu Qianying , Li Wenhao , Ma Hongzhuo , Wang Daifa , Fan Yubo
Published: April 2019

Stroke remains the leading cause of long-term disability worldwide. Rehabilitation training is essential for motor function recovery following stroke. Specifically, limb linkage rehabilitation training can stimulate motor function in the upper and lower limbs simultaneously. This study aimed to investigate limb linkage rehabilitation task-related changes in cortical activation and effective connectivity (EC) within a functional brain network after stroke by using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) imaging. Thirteen stroke patients with either left hemiparesis (L-H group, n = 6) and or right hemiparesis (R-H group, n = 7) and 16 healthy individuals (control group) participated in this study. A multichannel fNIRS system was used to measure changes in cerebral oxygenated hemoglobin (delta HbO2) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (delta HHb) in the bilateral prefrontal cortices (PFCs), motor cortices (MCs), and occipital lobes (OLs) during (1) the resting state and (2) a motor rehabilitation task with upper and lower limb linkage (first 10 min [task_S1], last 10 min [task_S2]). The frequency-specific EC among the brain regions was calculated based on coupling functions and dynamic Bayesian inference in frequency intervals: high-frequency I (0.6–2 Hz) and II (0.145–0.6 Hz), low-frequency III (0.052–0.145 Hz), and very-low-frequency IV (0.021–0.052 Hz). The results showed that the stroke patients exhibited an asymmetric (greater activation in the contralesional versus ipsilesional motor region) cortical activation pattern versus healthy controls. Compared with the healthy controls, the stroke patients showed significantly lower EC (p < 0.025) in intervals I and II in the resting and task states. The EC from the MC and OL to the right PFC in interval IV was significantly higher in the R-H group than in the control group during the resting and task states (p < 0.025). Furthermore, the L-H group showed significantly higher EC from the MC and OL to the left PFC in intervals III and IV during the task states compared with the control group (p < 0.025). The significantly increased influence of the MC and OL on the contralesional PFC in low- and very-low-frequency bands suggested that plastic reorganization of cognitive resources severed to compensate for impairment in stroke patients during the motor rehabilitation task. This study can serve as a basis for understanding task-related reorganization of functional brain networks and developing novel assessment techniques for stroke rehabilitation.
Cu@ZIF-8 derived inverse ZnO/Cu catalyst with sub-5 nm ZnO for efficient CO2 hydrogenation to methanol
Authors: Hu Bing , Yin Yazhi , Zhong Zixin , Wu Dengdeng , Liu Guoliang , Hong Xinlin
Published: April 2019

Cu@ZIF-8 derived inverse ZnO/Cu with sub-5 nm ZnO acts as an efficient catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol.
A fluorinated aza-BODIPY derivative for NIR fluorescence/PA/19F MR tri-modality in vivo imaging
Authors: Liu Lianhua , Yuan Yaping , Yang Yuqi , McMahon Michael T. , Chen Shizhen , Zhou Xin
Published: April 2019

A fluorinated aza-BODIPY derivative BDPF was developed as a small molecule contrast agent, which displayed highly efficient near infrared fluorescence/photoacoustic/19F MR tri-modality tumor imaging.
Stabilization of cationic aluminum hydroxide clusters in high pH environments with a CaCl2/l-arginine matrix
Authors: Smart Scott E. , Dubovoy Viktor , Pan Long
Published: April 2019

We present a way of stabilizing cationic partially hydrolyzed aluminum clusters in a non-acidic environment, through Ca2+ and l-arginine doping.
Topological Dirac states in transition-metal monolayers on graphyne
Authors: Wang Kai , Zhang Yun , Zhao Wei , Li Ping , Ding Jian-Wen , Xie Guo-Feng , Guo Zhi-Xin
Published: April 2019

The electronic properties of Hf–graphyne show that there are three Dirac cones appearing around the K point near the EF.
A highly sensitive printed humidity sensor based on a functionalized MWCNT/HEC composite for flexible electronics application
Authors: Turkani Vikram S. , Maddipatla Dinesh , Narakathu Binu B. , Saeed Tahseen S. , Obare Sherine O. , Bazuin Bradley J. , Atashbar Massood Z.
Published: April 2019

Fully printed, functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (FMWCNT)/hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) composite-based humidity sensor.
On the importance of antiparallel π–π interactions in the solid state of isatin-based hydrazides
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Naeem , Arif Maryam , Jabeen Farah , Khan Haroon Ahmed , Yasin Khawaja Ansar , Tahir Muhammad Nawaz , Franconetti Antonio , Frontera Antonio
Published: April 2019

Cooperative H-bonding and antiparallel π–π interactions in crystal structures of isatin derivatives are investigated using X-ray crystallography and DFT calculations.
A facile aqueous synthesis strategy for hexagonal phase NaGdF4 nanorods
Authors: Gao Rongyao , Sun Liyuan , Li Luoyuan , Pan Tingting , Fu Limin , Ai Xi-Cheng , Zhang Jian-Ping
Published: April 2019

A facile aqueous synthesis method is explored to synthesize hydrophilic β-NaGdF4 nanorods at 60 °C.
Effect of ion form of the ion-exchange resin on ε-poly-l-lysine purification from microbial fermentation broth
Authors: Chen Xusheng , Li Qin , He Honggang , Zhang Jianhua , Mao Zhonggui
Published: April 2019

This is the first report on improving the ε-PL purification efficiency through optimizing the ion form of the ion-exchange resin.
Adamantyl and homoadamantyl derivatives from Garcinia multiflora fruits
Authors: Chen Yu , Ma Ziyu , Teng Haida , Gan Fei , Xiong Hui , Mei Zhinan , Yang Guangzhong
Published: April 2019

Nine undescribed caged polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs), including adamantane type PPAPs (1–2) and homoadamantane type PPAPs (3–9), were isolated from the fruits of Garcinia multiflora.
The effect of cisplatin on the nanoscale structure of aqueous PEO–PPO–PEO micelles of varying hydrophilicity observed using SAXS
Authors: Thompson Andre L. , Mensah Lydia M. , Love Brian J.
Published: April 2019

Aqueous solutions of polyethylene oxide–polypropylene oxide–polyethylene oxide (PEO–PPO–PEO) copolymers form micelles and cubic lattices as their temperature is raised.
Sea urchin-like Ni–Fe sulfide architectures as efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Xuan Cuijuan , Lei Wen , Wang Jie , Zhao Tonghui , Lai Chenglong , Zhu Ye , Sun Yubao , Wang Deli
Published: April 2019

Nickel–iron sulfides with a sea urchin-like architecture are controllably synthesized and exhibit enhanced OER activities.
Genetic diversity and drug susceptibility patterns of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in Yunnan, China
Authors: Bai Ruolan , Chi Shuijing , Li Xiaofei , Dai Xiting , Ji Zhenhua , Jian Miaomiao , Bi Yunfeng , Wang Feng , Ding Zhe , Luo Lisha , chen Taigui , Liu Aihua , Bao Fukai
Published: April 2019

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) which has been threatening global public health for many years. High genetic diversity is dominant feature of Mtb. Increasing cases of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a serious public health problem to TB control in China. Spontaneous mutations in the Mtb genome can alter proteins which are the target of drugs, making the bacteria drug resistant. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the genotype of Mtb isolates from some areas in Yunnan, China and explore the association between genotypes and MDR-TB. Using spoligotyping, we identified Beijing genotypes, six non-Beijing genotypes and a number of orphan genotypes from 270 Mtb isolates from patients in Yunnan Province during 2014–2016. Of 270 Mtb isolates, 102 clinical Mtb strains were identified as drug-resistant (DR) by drug susceptibility testing (DST), among them, 52 MDR strains. Beijing genotypes occupied the highest MDR proportion (78.85%) followed by the orphan genotypes (15.38%). The characteristics of MDR strains showed high genetic diversity. The results will help to efficiently improve diagnosis and treatment and provide valuable information for Mtb molecular epidemiology.