bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of the basin dynamics on sea level rise in the Black Sea
Authors: Kubryakov A. A. , Stanichny S. V. , Volkov D. L.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Satellite altimetry measurements show that magnitude of the Black Sea level trends is spatially uneven. While the basin-averaged sea level was increasing at a rate of 3.15 mm/year from 1993 to 2014, the sea level rise varied from 0.15–2.5 mm/year in the central part to 3.5–3.8 mm/year in coastal areas and 5 mm/year in the southwestern part of the sea. These differences are caused by changes in the large- and mesoscale circulation of the Black Sea. A long-term increase of the cyclonic wind curl over the basin from 1979 to 2014 strengthened divergence in the center of the Black Sea that led to an increase of sea level near the coast and a decrease in the center of the basin. Changes in the distribution and intensity of mesoscale eddies caused the formation of the local extremes of sea level trend. The variability of the dynamic sea level (DSL) – the difference between the local and the basin-averaged sea levels – contributes significantly (up to ~ 50 % of the total variance) to the seasonal and interannual variability of sea level in the basin. The DSL variability in the Black Sea depends strongly on the basin-averaged wind curl and is well reconstructed using the ERA-Interim winds from 1979 to present, including the time when altimetry data was unavailable. The reconstruction can be used to correct historical tide gauges data for dynamic effects, which are usually neglected in the analysis of the Black Sea tide gauge records.
Error Correction Strategies for the Classroom Oral Proficiency Used By Jordanian Teachers at Secondary Level
Authors: Al-Ghazo Abeer
Published: September 2016

The aim of the present study was to explore the Jordanian EFL teachers' error correction strategies for the classroom oral proficiency at secondary level. For the purpose of obtaining information needed to achieve the    objectives of the study, the researchers used the Teacher's Preference Elicitation Questionnaire.  This Questionnaire was adapted from Michael (2007) to elicit the types of oral corrective feedback that teachers prefer to use to correct their students' oral errors, grammatical and pronunciation errors.  The questionnaire was administered to40 teachers. The findings revealed that the teachers used all types of oral corrective feedback with a grand mean of (3.29) .Meta linguistic feedback , recast, elicitation, instructions and questioning (Peer-correction) were reported to be the most  used strategies of oral corrective feedback.
Agronomic performance of upland rice cultivars in the southern region of the state of Tocantins
Authors: Tonello Leila Paula , Tavares Taynar Coelho de Oliveira , Rocha Ricardo De Oliveira , Santos Gil Rodrigues dos , Sousa Sérgio Alves de , Fidelis Rodrigo Ribeiro
Published: September 2016

Behavioural assessment of cultivars adapted to climate and soil variations is essential for recommending genetic materials to producers, achieving higher profitability, and, mainly, targeting regional growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of upland rice cultivars in different cropping periods and Cerrado vegetation soil in the southern region of the state of Tocantins. The experiments were conducted in a field at the Chaparral Farm and at the Experimental Station of the Federal University of Tocantins in the agricultural years of 2008/2009, 2009/2010, 2010/2011, 2011/2012, and 2012/2013 with cultivars BRS-Bonança, BRS-Primavera, and BRSMG-Conai. A randomized block experimental design was used with four replications in a factorial scheme of 3 × 5, comprising three genotypes and five years. The evaluated characteristics were as follows: number of days to flowering, plant height, weight of hundred grains, and grain yield. The highest upland rice yield was observed in the cropping period of 2012/13, which also had the highest volume and better distribution of rainfall; flowering time was lesser and greater for BRSMG-Conai and BRS-Bonança cultivars, respectively. The BRS-Primavera cultivar showed the highest grain yield in different years in Cerrado soil in the southern region of the state of Tocantins.
Effects of growth regulator and nitrogen on yield and lodging of irrigated wheat
Authors: Nunes Pedro Henrique Marques Paula , Aquino Leonardo Angelo de , Xavier Felipe Oliveira , Santos Luiz Paulo Dornelas dos , Machado Lucas Gonçalves , Aquino Priscila Maria de
Published: September 2016

High rates of nitrogen (N) increase plant growth, which can result in lodging. To avoid excessive growth of plants, plant growth regulators (PGRs), which cause internode length reduction, can be used. In this study, our objective was to evaluate the N nutritional status, growth, and yield of irrigated wheat as parameters using variable rates of nitrogen and growth regulator. Two experiments were conducted in Rio Paranaíba – MG in 2011 and 2012 using the BRS 264 cultivar. The treatments consisted of two concentrations of N (50 and 110 kg ha-1 as urea) and five concentrations of the growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 L ha-1 of Moddus® containing 25% w/v of trinexapac-ethyl). Each plot consisted of 20 rows of wheat spaced 0.17 m, six meters in length. We evaluated plant height, shoot dry matter accumulation, thousand-grain weight, number of grains per spike, yield, leaf N content in the index leaf and grain, amount of N uptake and export, and lodging index. The PGR resulted in a linear decrease in plant height and shoot dry matter production. However, the rates of the growth regulator did not affect productivity. The rates of N influenced the yield only in 2011.
Technological quality of grains of common beans selected genotypes from the carioca group
Authors: Silva Marina Borges de Oliveira , Carvalho Abner José de , Carneiro José Eustáquio De Souza , Aspiazú Ignacio , Alves Érika Endo , David Andréia Márcia Santos de Souza , Brito Orlando Gonçalves , Alves Pablo Fernando Santos
Published: September 2016

Common bean variety improvement programs focus on productivity increase as their main goal. However, some characteristics related to technological quality must also be analyzed in order to assure that new recommended cultivars satisfy key commercial standards, related to consumer acceptance. This study evaluated the technological quality of seeds from different ‘carioca’ bean genotypes. We tested seeds from 25 bean genotypes, selected by the State Consortium for Research on Common Bean Improvement (including EMBRAPA, UFLA, UFV and EPAMIG) for the VCU assay of the carioca variety, including 21 new lines and 4 commercial cultivars, used as controls. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. We assessed the following traits: seed shape, seed constriction, 1000-seed weight, percentage of hard seeds, soluble solids content, cooking time, seed coat percentage, and hydration capacity. According to our results, the cultivars that met the commercial standards for seed shape and constriction were EMB14, CNFC 10432, CNFC 10408, EMB4, P-18163, Pérola and BRSMG Madrepérola. Genotypes MAIV-18259, VC-20, VC-23, RCII-219, CVIII-2, EMB4, MAIV-15204, CVIII-5, and BRSMG Majestoso had 1000-seed weight within carioca bean commercial standards (a minimum of 23g per 100 seeds). Most genotypes had no hard seeds. Lines CNFC 10408, MAIV-18259 and P-18163 had the highest soluble solids content. Twenty genotypes had cooking times below the maximum required by commercial standard, with lines EMB9, EMB4, MAIV-18524, CNFC 11965, VC-17, and CNFC 10432 having the shortest cooking time. Lines CNFC 11965, EMB4, EMB14, and CNFC 10432 also had the shortest time to soaking.
Quantification of storage proteins during seed imbibition of native species from the brazilian caatinga vegetation
Authors: Silva Fabrício Francisco Santos da , Dantas Bárbara França
Published: September 2016

Poincianella pyramidalis (Fabaceae), Schinopsis brasiliensis (Anacardiaceae) and Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Sapotaceae) are native species of the Caatinga vegetation from northeastern Brazil and have both biological importance and potential economic uses. Little is known about the water uptake and degradation of storage proteins during seed germination of these species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the imbibition and quantify the amount of storage proteins during seed germination of P. pyramidalis, S. brasiliensis and S. obtusifolium. Two lots of S. obtusifolium seeds with different vigour were used. Four replicates of 20 seeds of P. pyramidalis, S. brasiliensis and S. obtusifolium, were sown onto gerboxes with blotting paper soaked in distilled water and incubated during 72, 200 and 624 hours. Before and after imbibition seeds were weighed and frozen at until the sequential extraction and analysis of the seed storage proteins. Based on our results, we conclude that seed germination of P. pyramidalis, S. brasiliensis and S. obtusifolium has a well-defined triphasic imbibition. All storage proteins content of P. pyramidalis and S. brasiliensis seeds degraded along with the seed imbibition. Likewise, the content of albumins, globulins and glutelins decreased as S. obtusifolium seeds absorbed water.
Spatial distribution of organic carbon and humic substances in irrigated soils under different management systems in a semi-arid zone in Ceará, Brazil
Authors: Melo Antônia Arleudina Barros de , Valladares Gustavo Souza , Ceddia Marcos Bacis , Pereira Marcos Gervasio , Soares Ismail
Published: September 2016

Spatial distribution of organic carbon and humic substances in irrigated soils under different management systems in a semi-arid zone in Ceará, Brazil Knowledge of the spatial variability in soil properties can contribute to effective use and management. This study was conducted to evaluate the spatial distribution of the levels of total organic carbon (TOC) and humic substances (humic acid (C-FAH), fulvic acid fraction (C-FAF), and humin fraction (C-HUM)) in an Ultisol under different land uses, located in the irrigated perimeter of Baixo Acaraú-CE, transition to semiarid Ceará. The distribution and spatial dependence of the humic fractions were evaluated using descriptive statistics, including semivariogram analysis and data interpolation (kriging). The TOC showed a pure nugget effect, whereas the other fractions showed moderate spatial dependence. Forested and banana cultivation areas showed similar distributions of C-FAH and C-FAF, due to the high input of organic matter (leaves and pseudostems) in the area of banana cultivation and the absence of soil disturbance in the forested area. Data interpolation (kriging) and mapping were useful tools to assess the distribution and spatial dependence of soil attributes.
Effect of colistin and tylosin used as feed additives on the performance, diarrhea incidence, and immune response of nursery pigs
Authors: Mazutti Kelly , Costa Leandro Batista , Nascimento Lígia Valéria , Fernandes Filho Tobias , Beirão Breno Castello Branco , Machado Júnior Pedro Celso , Maiorka Alex
Published: September 2016

For the last several decades, antimicrobial compounds have been used as feed additives to promote piglet growth at weaning, through the prevention of subclinical and clinical disease. However, few studies have assessed the influence of these antibiotics on the immune response of nursery pigs, as well as the relation between performance, health, and immunity of animals that receive feed additives. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of colistin and tylosin when used as feed additives on the performance, incidence of diarrhea, and immune response of nursery pigs. In this study, 72 weaned pigs (average age, 28 days) were allotted into one of three treatment groups: a control group (feed with no antibiotics), tylosin group (feed containing 22 ppm tylosin), and colistin group (feed containing 20 ppm colistin). Weekly, during a five week period, the average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio of the pigs were evaluated. Stools were scored daily, in accordance with a fecal texture scale. Blood samples were collected on the day of housing (d0) and on d7, d21, d28, and d35 for immune cell phenotyping. The results of this study showed that piglets in both the colistin and tylosin groups exhibited a significantly higher average daily feed intake, resulting in a higher body weight at the end of the experimental period (d35) when compared with piglets from the control group. Colistin and tylosin also significantly reduced the incidence of diarrhea. Colistin and tylosin modulated the piglets’ immune responses, particularly on d28, by changing the percentage of circulating B lymphocytes, CD4+CD8+ T cells, and the CD4:CD8 ratio.
Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of milk from cows in different lactation stages and calving orders
Authors: Barreto Mayara Leilane de Jesus , Rangel Adriano Henrique do Nascimento , Spyrides Maria Helena Constantino , Difante Gelson Santos , Lima Júnior Dorgival Morais de
Published: September 2016

Knowledge of the variation in milk composition is essential for determining milk quality, which is defined by several organoleptic properties. This study evaluated the effect of lactation stage and calving order on the physicochemical composition and sensory characteristics of milk from primiparous and multiparous lactating dairy cows. Milk samples were collected monthly from December 2011 to May 2012. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Milk production (PROD), somatic cell count (SCC), and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) were significantly higher in multiparous cows, whereas the casein to total protein ratio (C/TP) was significantly higher in primiparous cows. All milk components except for non-fat dry solids (NDE) were significantly affected by lactation stage. Body condition score (BCS) was not affected by calving order or lactation stage. Color was the only sensory attribute affected by calving order. In conclusion, the physicochemical properties and sensory attributes of milk were affected by calving order and lactation stage.
Nitrogen balance, microbial protein synthesis and ingestive behavior of lambs fed diets containing cottonseed cake in substitution of soybean meal
Authors: Silva Rosani Valéria Marcelina Matoso , Carvalho Gleidson Giordano Pinto de , Pires Aureliano José Vieira , Pereira Mara Lúcia Alburquerque , Pereira Luana , Campos Fleming Sena , Perazzo Alexandre Fernandes , Bezerra Laís Santana , Moreira Jeruzia Vitória , Rufino Luana Marta De Almeida
Published: September 2016

The cottonseed cake is a co-product obtained after extraction of oil cottonseed, and because of their bromatological characteristics has potential use in ruminant feed, can increase the economy efficiency of animal production systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate diets with cottonseed cake in substitution of soybean meal through nitrogen balance, microbial protein synthesis and the ingestive behavior of lambs. Forty crossbred Santa Inês × Dorper non-castrated rams with average initial weight of 20.9 ± 2.5 kg were distributed into a completely randomized design with four treatments and ten replicates, and fed diets containing cottonseed cake in substitution of 0, 33, 66 and 100% of soybean meal. The diets were composed of corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal and hay, with forage:concentrate reason of 50:50, isonitrogenous, with 14% crude protein. The animals were confined individually in pens with slatted floor, the evaluations of ingestive behavior, which included observations of the feeding, rumination and idle times were performed in a period of 24 hours, in 5-minute intervals. At 97 days of experiment, a spot urine sample was collected from all animals to quantify the concentrations of nitrogen, creatinine, allantoin, uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine in the urine. The data were subjected to variance analysis and regression, adopting ?= 0.05. There was no significant difference between treatments for nitrogen balance, the synthesis of nitrogen compounds, and microbial efficiency. In addition, there was no effect of replacing soybean meal by cottonseed meal on feeding behavior of animals. Cottonseed cake can replace soybean meal up to 100% in diets for lambs.
Cryopreservation of tambaqui semen using a dry shipper and a programmed freezing machine
Authors: Oliveira Mayara Setúbal , Almeida-Monteiro Priscila Silva de , Nunes Larissa Teixeira , Linhares Francisco Renan Aragão , Pinheiro João Paulo Silva , Pinheiro Romulo Roberto Ribeiro , Ferreira Filipe Oliveira , Campello Claudio Cabral , Salmito-Vanderley Carminda Sandra Brito
Published: September 2016

Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) is a native freshwater fish that is of great importance for Brazilian aquaculture. Because of this importance, several techniques have been developed to improve the reproduction of this species in captivity. One of these techniques is the cryopreservation of sperm. In an effort to increase the efficiency of cryopreservation protocols, researchers have tried to determine suitable diluting solutions and freezing methods, which will provide a better post-thaw sperm quality. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of different diluents and freezing methods for the cryopreservation of tambaqui (C. macropomum) sperm. Samples of fresh semen were diluted in different treatments (Glucose 5% + 10% Dimethyl sulfoxide – DMSO, Glucose 5% + 10% Methyl glycol – MG, BTS + 10% DMSO and BTS + 10% MG) at a 1:9 dilution rate and frozen in a programmed freezing machine and a dry shipper. The semen samples were thawed and evaluated for vitality, sperm morphology and kinetics. Cryopreserved semen with DMSO and using the programmed freezing machine provided a greater percentage of motile sperm (15.44 ± 1.04%) after thawing compared to the dry shipper (3.99 ± 0.55%), regardless of the diluent. Additionally, DMSO showed better sperm velocities than MG regardless of the freezing method and the extender employed. A higher percentage of living spermatozoa was observed when glucose (37.28 ± 1.32%) (regardless of the freezing method and cryoprotectant) and DMSO (37.98 ± 1.25%) was used in the programmed freezing machine. For morphology, a greater amount of normal spermatozoa (46.10 ± 1.82%) was observed when the semen was cryopreserved using a freezing machine programmed with DMSO as the cryoprotectant and Glucose or BTS (38.16 ± 1.9% and 39.26 ± 1.87%, respectively) as extenders. Therefore, we suggest the use of the DMSO (10%) cryoprotectant in association with the Glucose (5%) extended in the programmed freezing machine for cryopreservation of C. macropomum semen.
Study on the Model of Preschool Education in Finland
Authors: Zeng Bin
Published: September 2016

Finland is the most competitive country in the world. It cannot be separated from its high quality education. The Finnish preschool education quality is also the first in the world. It is connect that the Finnish government takes preschool education seriously. Therefore, Understanding the preschool education model in Finland is good to help other countries develop preschool education effectively, by discussing the following tactics that Finland obtains high-quality preschool educators, that Finland draws up the suitable education concepts for children's future study and life, that Finland draws up the education goal according to the national conditions, that Finland carries out many preschool education systems, that Finland evaluates the preschool education in many ways.
Children’s Protection in the Issue of Hadhanah Based on Islamic Family Law and the Law of Thailand
Authors: Mohamad Abdul Basir , Machae Rohanee , Khareng Mutsalim
Published: September 2016

This paper analyses Children Protection in the Islamic Family Law of the Southern of Thailand and the Civil Law of Thailand. The common issue faced by the Court or the District Islamic Department is the rising number of hadhanah claim cases. This research is meant to investigate the rights of children regarding hadhanah based on the Islamic Family Law of the Southern of Thailand and to which extent the laws stated follow the syarak rules. This research utilized few approaches which are the content, deductive, inductive, and comparative analysis. Basically, the findings suggest that the differences between the two laws can be accepted as both laws are originated from distinguished backgrounds. Therefore, both laws play crucial role in completely protecting the children in hadhanah cases, as well as promising safety and peaceful life for the children even though their parents’ relationship is in crisis.
or its success. However, research on PDR with special emphasis on stakeholders and their significance in success and sustainability of the projects is limited. This paper provides a systematic literature review (SLR) to amalgamate and synthesise research in this area. It focuses on the identification of the stakeholders and significance of their engagement in PDR activities for a more sustainable and resilient built environment. Research papers published in peer reviewed academic journals from 2000 to 2014 were identified through three major research databases, using T/A/K search options. The selected research papers were reviewed and critically analysed to identify the stakeholders and mechanism of their identification. This research revealed that contemporary research is unable to identify a commonly agreeable scientific method for identification of stakeholders and their interests. This research has outlined an exhaustive list of stakeholders that have been identified by the researchers. Based upon systematic review, this research has also provided background information, recent trends and a future direction for research in the specific field of stakeholder engagement in PDR projects. 
 
On Chinese Tai Chi Culture: Contemporary Values and International Communication
Authors: Lin Zhiyuan
Published: September 2016

As one indispensable part of traditional Chinese culture, Tai Chi has a long history with more than five thousand years. Today as society is developing in such a fast pace, Tai Chi is also displaying its unique contemporary values, mainly including the aesthetic value, the medical value, the economic value, the psychological value and the interpersonal value. Tai Chi is not only a type of martial arts, but it also represents a philosophical viewpoint, a rewarding way to keep health, a medical treatment of various diseases, an unconventional life attitude. However, Tai Chi not only belongs to Chinese people, but to all people in the world. To promote the international communication of Tai Chi culture, five effective approaches are to be followed, mainly in terms of academic communication, governmental cooperation, non-governmental cooperation, combination of theory and practice, and development of Tai Chi cultural industry.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 12, No. 10
Authors: Zhang Jenny
Published: September 2016

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 12, No. 10, 2016.
The Royal Institution in Ancient Iran
Authors: Aghazadeh Jafar , Mohammadi Hasan
Published: September 2016

In the thoughts and beliefs of Iranians, kingdom has had a history of the creation of human beings on the earth. Accordingly, Iranians believe that the first creature and human being on the earth was the first king of Iran. Iranians connects the history of their mythical royal dynasties to the creation of humanity. For Iranians, the mythical kings of Iran are the creators of the royal institution and the functions and duties of the royal institution have been established, developed and transferred to next generations by the measures of these kings. The objective of the present study is to investigate the establishment of the royal institution and the development of royal institution in ancient Iran by a descriptive-analytical method. The findings indicate that Iranians had specific sacredness for their kings and called the first creature of Ahura Mazda as the King. In addition, they believed that kings should perform particular tasks whose formation was attributed to the mythical kings of Iran. Further, they believed that only those persons had the right of being a king who were from the race of kings and were approved by Ahura Mazda. to examine Lessing’s elucidation of authentic knowledge in Shikasta. The methodology appropriated in the paper entails depiction of visible world as an illusion of the Real pointed in Plato’s allegory of Cave and Nagarjuna’s Mundane Truth. We clarify emotion as the main motivator of such illusionary status stressed in both Plato and Nagarjuna’s thoughts. We argue that while the importance of reason and eradicating emotion cannot be ignored, what adjoins people to Truth is mindfulness and intuitive knowledge which is close to Nagarjuna’s non-dual patterns. By examining ordinary life as the illusion of Real, and emotion as the main obstacle to achieve the Truth emphasized in both Nagarjuna and Plato’s trends, we depart from other critics who undermine the eminence of essentialist trace in Lessing’s works and examine her approach towards Truth merely under postmodern lens. This departure is significant since we clarify while essentialism has been abandoned to a large extent and supporters of Plato have become scarce, amalgamation of his thoughts with spiritual trends opens a fresh way to earn authenticity in Lessing’s novel. 

 
Issues in Marketing Strategy Implementation
Authors: Kanagal Nagasimha Balakrishna
Published: September 2016

Marketing Strategy Implementation (MSI) is responsible for delivering the value proposition to the customers. MSI can be seen as (1) dichotomous with marketing strategy formulation; or as (2) a mutually interdependent process along with marketing strategy formulation; or as (3) a program. Aspects postulated to be important during the implementation process include (a) presence of good leadership; (b) careful attention to the formative years of MSI program; (c) presence of trust in all important relationships; (d) system of early warning / feedback; (e) achieving functionalities in the marketing process; (f) a fetish for execution; (g) hype about rewards and incentives; and (h) choice of market vs. hierarchy. The study first addresses the placement of MSI in the strategic marketing process and the strategic organizational process, secondly examines the nature of marketing execution, and thirdly puts forth some postulates for marketing strategy implementation. These postulates are subsequently empirically checked in the market and implications for managers are subsequently laid out.
Who Hires Investor Relations Firms? The Role of Managerial Entrenchment
Authors: Ullah Saif
Published: September 2016

This paper investigates the role of managerial entrenchment in the decision to hire an investor relations specialist. Managers of small and mid-cap firms spend considerable resources on hiring investor relations (IR) firms. This paper proposes a hypothesis to explain this spending. We argue that more entrenched managers are less likely to hire IR firms, because such managers are less likely to have their compensation tied to stock returns and be more wary of outside attention from the market. Using a common definition of managerial entrenchment, we show that entrenched managers are indeed less likely to hire an IR firm. We also examine the relationship between the method of payment of the IR firm (cash or stock) and future performance of the client. If an IR firm is paid in stock, it has an incentive to expend more effort on its client’s behalf, thus leading to increased client performance. Our evidence shows that there is indeed a positive relationship between payment in stock and future client performance.
Mechanism of Benchmarking and Its Impact on Organizational Performance
Authors: Alosani Mohammed Saleh , Al-Dhaafri Hassan Saleh , Yusoff Rushami Zien Bin
Published: September 2016

This paper investigates the importance of benchmarking as a tool that can enhance organizational performance. The purpose of this study is to discuss the most important studies of benchmarking and its effect on organizational performance. Benchmarking has spread fast and become one of most used competitive technique that improve the performance of an organization by identifying, understanding, and adapting good practices from other organizations. The main use of benchmarking is to find best practices and then trying to apply them for the sake of achieving the organization’s goals. Many researchers examined the relationship between benchmarking and organizational performance. Therefore, this article is an attempt to review published studies in the literature and to pave the road for future empirical studies in different contexts.
Editorial: Is There Still Something to Learn about the Association of Corporate Governance with Firm Performance?
Authors: Bronzetti Giovanni , Veltri Stefania , Mazzotta Romilda
Published: September 2016

The association of Corporate Governance (CG) with Firm Performance (FP) has always been an issue relevant to management literature, despite the notable heterogeneity of studies and their mixed results highlighting the opportuneness of continuing to investigate the association of CG with FP.  The article aims to contribute to this lively debate by pointing out the main causes of the mixed findings and the contributions of three papers which, in the authors’ opinion, add knowledge to the CG-FP research stream, which deserves more empirical research, as there is still something to learn about this association. us possibilities of majorly used social media websites and the products which are being advertised on them. In the rigorous literature review the paper identifies various products and services which are being frequently advertised on social media and also identifies the social media websites which are used for the advertisement of these products and services accordingly.
The Association of Board Composition, Intellectual Capital and Firm Performance in a High Ownership Concentration Context: Evidence from Italy
Authors: Veltri Stefania , Mazzotta Romilda
Published: September 2016

The association of Corporate Governance (CG) with Firm Performance (FP) has always been an issue relevant to management literature. Nevertheless, the notable heterogeneity of studies and their mixed results highlight the opportuneness of continuing to investigate the association of CG with FP. The article aims to contribute to this research by building and employing a sophisticated model to take into account beyond the  board composition ownership structure and firm efficiency in using its intellectual capital (as measured by VAICTM). The findings provide evidence that the board composition, the ownership concentration and the efficiency of intellectual capital increases firm efficiency in producing profits (as measured by ROA). Furthermore, our findings add knowledge to the relationship between CG and FP, by confirming a positive relationship in Italy, a continental European capital market under-investigated on this issue.
Family Firms and Productivity: The Role of Institutional Quality
Authors: Mannarino Lidia , Pupo Valeria , Ricotta Fernanda
Published: September 2016

The main aim of this research is to investigate the influence the institutional environment has on the difference in performance between Italian family firms run by a family member and firms run by a professional manager. By using total factor productivity (TFP) as a measure of performance, we find that family-run firms are less productive than firms run by outside managers when institutional quality is high, but that the results are less obvious when institutional quality is low. The difference in performance is not significant, but by using the level of corruption as a measure of institutional quality, older family firms are found to be more productive than firms run by outside managers. rd of directors and their characteristics. We performed a set of regression analysis to evaluate whether the participation of women in the firm’s board of directors and the presence of connections among boardrooms enhance the financial performance measured through Tobin’s Q and Return On Asset (ROA). Empirical results contribute to extend scientific literature about this topic and to provide interesting practical contributions on the role of gender minority and the connections among companies on firms’ performance. Parallel, this research develops topics related to text mining (that is the automatic extraction of quantitative information from text-documents) referring to all the firms’ disclosures, produced in the Italian language.
Fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Pers. – a new source of water-insoluble (1→3)-α-d-glucan
Authors: Wiater Adrian , Choma Adam , Komaniecka Iwona , Pleszczyńska Małgorzata , Siwulski Marek , Polak Paulina , Janusz Grzegorz , Szczodrak Janusz
Published: September 2016

A water-insoluble polysaccharide (WIP) was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus HE01 by an alkaline solution with the yield of 5%. Structural and compositional analyses by total acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, FT-IR, FT-Raman, and 1H NMR spectroscopy as well as other instrumental techniques showed predominantly glucose linked by α-glycosidic bonds and small amounts of mannose, xylose, rhamnose, galactose, and ribose. The methylation analysis showed that (1→3)-linked Glcp is the major constituent (70.8%) of the polymer, while the 3,4 substituted d-Glcp represents the main branching residue of the glucan. The presence of (1→3)-α-d-glucan in the hyphae of H. erinaceus was additionally confirmed by the use of specific fluorophore-labeled antibodies.
Quantitative Multiclass Pesticide Residue Analysis in Apple, Pear, and Grape by Modified QuEChERS and Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Munaretto Juliana S , Viera Mariela de S , Martins Manoel L , Adaime Martha B , Zanella Renato
Published: September 2016

Most of the analytical methods currently applied in food control laboratories are focused on the determination of target compounds using LC coupled to tandem MS, which is an effective technique, but low-resolution MS is limited. Thus, a method for determination of pesticide multiresidues in fruits (pear, apple, and grape) using a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method and LC coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) MS was developed and validated. The proposed method showed good linearity (r2 > 0.99) from 1 to 100 μg/L. Recoveries for blank samples spiked at 0.01, 0.04, and 0.10 mg/kg were between 66 and 122%, with RSDs <28%. Respective LOQs for apple, pear, and grape matrixes were 0.01 mg/kg for 112, 120, and 118 compounds, and 0.04 mg/kg for 22, 12, and 17 compounds, and average mass accuracy error was 3.2 ppm. LC with Q-TOF MS detection using protonated molecular ion and/or adducts and mass accuracy provided reliability for the method. The proposed method is effective for pesticide residue determination in apple, pear, and grape samples, proving that high-resolution MS using full scan mode can be a powerful and reliable technique for quantification purposes, being adequate for application in the surveillance of maximum residue limits set by different legislations.
Deep learning for constructing microblog behavior representation to identify social media user’s personality
Authors: Liu Xiaoqian , Zhu Tingshao
Published: September 2016

Due to the rapid development of information technology, the Internet has gradually become a part of everyday life. People would like to communicate with friends to share their opinions on social networks. The diverse behavior on socials networks is an ideal reflection of users’ personality traits. Existing behavior analysis methods for personality prediction mostly extract behavior attributes with heuristic analysis. Although they work fairly well, they are hard to extend and maintain. In this paper, we utilize a deep learning algorithm to build a feature learning model for personality prediction, which could perform an unsupervised extraction of the Linguistic Representation Feature Vector (LRFV) activity without supervision from text actively published on the Sina microblog. Compared with other feature extractsion methods, LRFV, as an abstract representation of microblog content, could describe a user’s semantic information more objectively and comprehensively. In the experiments, the personality prediction model is built using a linear regression algorithm, and different attributes obtained through different feature extraction methods are taken as input of the prediction model, respectively. The results show that LRFV performs better in microblog behavior descriptions, and improves the performance of the personality prediction model.
Electronic laboratory notebooks in a public–private partnership
Authors: Vaas Lea A.I. , Witt Gesa , Windshügel Björn , Bosin Andrea , Serra Giovanni , Bruengger Adrian , Winterhalter Mathias , Gribbon Philip , Levy-Petelinkar Cindy J. , Kohler Manfred
Published: September 2016

This report shares the experience during selection, implementation and maintenance phases of an electronic laboratory notebook (ELN) in a public–private partnership project and comments on user’s feedback. In particular, we address which time constraints for roll-out of an ELN exist in granted projects and which benefits and/or restrictions come with out-of-the-box solutions. We discuss several options for the implementation of support functions and potential advantages of open access solutions. Connected to that, we identified willingness and a vivid culture of data sharing as the major item leading to success or failure of collaborative research activities. The feedback from users turned out to be the only angle for driving technical improvements, but also exhibited high efficiency. Based on these experiences, we describe best practices for future projects on implementation and support of an ELN supporting a diverse, multidisciplinary user group based in academia, NGOs, and/or for-profit corporations located in multiple time zones.
Software citation principles
Authors: Smith Arfon M. , Katz Daniel S. , Niemeyer Kyle E. ,   FORCE11 Software Citation Working Group
Published: September 2016

Software is a critical part of modern research and yet there is little support across the scholarly ecosystem for its acknowledgement and citation. Inspired by the activities of the FORCE11 working group focused on data citation, this document summarizes the recommendations of the FORCE11 Software Citation Working Group and its activities between June 2015 and April 2016. Based on a review of existing community practices, the goal of the working group was to produce a consolidated set of citation principles that may encourage broad adoption of a consistent policy for software citation across disciplines and venues. Our work is presented here as a set of software citation principles, a discussion of the motivations for developing the principles, reviews of existing community practice, and a discussion of the requirements these principles would place upon different stakeholders. Working examples and possible technical solutions for how these principles can be implemented will be discussed in a separate paper.
Therapeutic Importance of Endoscopic Pathology Versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings for T1 Rectal Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Hidaka Eiji , Maeda Chiyo , Nakahara Kenta , Shimada Shoji , Ishida Fumio , Kudo Shin-ei
Published: September 2016

Preoperative image-based diagnosis is important for the treatment of rare cases of T1 lower rectal cancers with lateral pelvic lymph node (LLN) metastasis. We report a case of LLN metastasis in T1 lower rectal cancer diagnosed preoperatively via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A 65-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of abdominal pain. An endoscopic examination revealed a large laterally spreading tumor in the lower rectum, which was en bloc resected using endoscopic submucosal dissection. Pathologic examination of the resected specimen showed deep invasion of the cancer cells into the submucosal layer and lymphovascular invasion. MRI revealed swollen perirectal lymph nodes (≥5 mm) and a left LLN approximately 8 mm long. Laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection (Lap-APR) with left lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LLND) was performed. Cancer cells were not seen in the resected material; however, 7 perirectal lymph nodes and 1 LLN of 47 lymph nodes contained metastatic cancer cells. We show that LLN metastasis in T1 lower rectal cancer can be preoperatively detected via MRI and successfully and safely treated via Lap-APR with left LLND.
Electrostatic and electromagnetic fluctuations detected inside magnetic flux ropes during magnetic reconnection
Authors: Wang Rongsheng , Lu Quanming , Nakamura Rumi , Huang Can , Li Xing , Wu Mingyu , Du Aimin , Gao Xinliang , Wang Shui
Published: September 2016

A series of magnetic flux ropes embedded in the ion diffusion region of a magnetotail magnetic reconnection event were investigated in this paper. Waves near the lower hybrid frequency were measured within each of the flux ropes and can be associated with the enhancements of energetic electrons in some of the flux ropes. The waves in the largest flux ropes were further explored in more detail. The electrostatic lower hybrid frequency range waves are detected at the edge, while electromagnetic lower hybrid frequency range waves are observed at the center of the flux rope. The electromagnetic waves are right‐hand polarized and propagated nearly perpendicular to magnetic field lines, with a wavelength of ion‐electron hybrid scale. The observations are analogous to simulations in which the electrostatic lower hybrid waves are confined to the edge of current sheet but can directly penetrate into the current sheet center in the form of the electromagnetic mode. The observations indicate that the electromagnetic lower hybrid frequency range waves can be excited inside magnetic flux ropes.
First observations of elevated ducts associated with intermittent turbulence in the stable boundary layer over Bosten Lake, China
Authors: Sun Zheng , Ning Hui , Song Shihui , Yan Dongmei
Published: September 2016

Nocturnal radiative cooling is a main driver for atmospheric duct formation. Within this atmospheric process, the impacts of intermittent turbulence on ducting have seldom been studied. In this paper, we reported two confusing ducting events observed in the early morning in August 2014 over Bosten Lake, China, when a stable boundary layer (SBL) still survived, by using tethered high‐resolution GPS radiosondes. Elevated ducts with strong humidity inversions were observed during the balloon ascents but were absent during observations made upon the balloon descents several minutes later. This phenomenon was initially hypothesized to be attributable to turbulence motions in the SBL, and the connection between the turbulence event and the radar duct was examined by the statistical Thorpe method. Turbulence patches were detected from the ascent profiles but not from the descent profiles. The possible reasons for the duct formation and elimination were discussed in detail. The turbulent transport of moisture in the SBL and the advection due to airflows coming from the lake are the most probable reasons for duct formation. In one case, the downward transport of moisture by turbulence mixing within a Kelvin‐Helmholtz billow at the top of the low‐level jet resulted in duct elimination. In another case, the passage of density currents originating from the lake may have caused the elimination of the duct. Few studies have attempted to associate intermittent turbulence with radar ducts; thus, this work represents a pioneering study into the connection between turbulent events and atmospheric ducts in a SBL.
Mechanisms for Stable Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation and Improved Cycling Stability of Tin‐Based Battery Anode in Fluoroethylene Carbonate‐Containing Electrolyte
Authors: Hong Sukhyun , Choo Myeong‐Ho , Kwon Yo Han , Kim Je Young , Song Seung‐Wan
Published: September 2016

Tin‐based anode materials are promising candidates for high‐energy density Li‐ion batteries. Unstable anode–electrolyte interface is a critical problem that needs to be resolved for these materials. The improvement of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) stability and cycling stability of fluorine‐doped Sn–Ni film electrode is observed by the use of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)‐based electrolyte with respect to ethylene carbonate (EC)‐based conventional electrolyte. Mechanisms of FEC‐derived SEI formation and stabilization are investigated using state of charge‐dependent ex situ attenuated total reflection FTIR combined with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The data reveal that enriched fluorinated compounds of SnF4, SnF2, and LiF form in FEC‐based electrolyte as the earliest SEI compounds, and those inorganic species together with Li2CO3 and organic/polymeric compounds effectively passivate the electrode surface at a limited SEI thickness and inhibit further electrolyte decomposition, in contrast to continuous electrolyte decomposition with cycling in EC‐based electrolyte. The stable FEC‐derived SEI layer limits cracks but improves particles connectivity, leading to improved cycling stability of the battery. The SEI formation mechanism by FEC reduction at the surface of the electrode is proposed. The approach of SEI control for the performance improvement gives an insight into the importance of SEI composition and stability in achieving improved battery performance.
Scaling the Artificial Polariton Bandgap at Infrared Frequencies Using Indium Tin Oxide Nanorod Arrays
Authors: Chen Xiangfan , Guo Peijun , He Cheng , Dong Biqin , Ocola Leonidas E. , Schaller Richard D. , Chang Robert P. H. , Sun Cheng
Published: September 2016

Artificial polariton bandgaps at infrared frequencies are investigated by exploiting the strong coupling of electromagnetic waves with induced electric dipoles in two‐dimensional (2D) indium tin oxide nanorod arrays (ITO‐NRAs). The electric dipoles originate from the collective oscillations of free electrons within the individual ITO nanorods undergoing plasmonic resonance. Controlling the near‐field interactions among the neighboring electric dipoles allows for manipulation of the collective polariton modes that are manifested as a polariton bandgap. A theoretical model is developed to understand the coupled phenomena underlying the unique characteristics of plasmon–polariton bandgaps. With high‐degree geometric control of the ITO‐NRAs, it is experimentally demonstrated that reducing the spacing between ITO nanorods in a square array strengthens the near‐field interactions and thus results in a redshift as well as broadening of the polariton bandgap. Furthermore, arranging ITO‐NRAs in a rectangular lattice breaks the symmetry with respect to the principle axis, which leads to a splitting of the collective polariton modes owing to the competition between the quasi‐longitudinally and quasi‐transversely coupled plasmon–polariton modes. The work highlights the use of a classical dipole coupling method for scaling polariton bandgaps to the infrared in artificial plasmonic lattices, thereby offering a new design dimension for infrared sensing, absorbers, and optical communications.
Emerging Progress of Inkjet Technology in Printing Optical Materials
Authors: Wu Lei , Dong Zhichao , Li Fengyu , Zhou Haihua , Song Yanlin
Published: September 2016

Inkjet printing is a noncontact and additive patterning method, which is able to distribute a broad variety of functional materials directly onto a desired substrate with high efficiency. Bypassing many sophisticated processing approaches, inkjet printing affords a facile and low‐cost processing platform, and thereby enhances the device cost‐effectiveness. This review highlights recent advances in optical devices fabricated by inkjet printing, ranging from imaging to solar cells, photodetectors, anticounterfeiting, sensors, and optical waveguide systems, with detailed descriptions of the appropriate regulation of implementation process including inkjet printing apparatus, ink formulation, and the undertaking substrate, which results in device optimization. Finally, a conclusion and an outlook on future perspectives are proposed.