bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Training Family Medicine Residents to Perform Home Visits: A CERA Survey
Authors: Sairenji Tomoko , Wilson Stephen A. , D'Amico Frank , Peterson Lars E.
Published: December 2016

Background 

Home visits have been shown to improve quality of care, save money, and improve outcomes. Primary care physicians are in an ideal position to provide these visits; of note, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education no longer requires home visits as a component of family medicine residency training.

Objective 

To investigate changes in home visit numbers and expectations, attitudes, and approaches to training among family medicine residency program directors.

Methods 

This research used the Council of Academic Family Medicine Educational Research Alliance (CERA) national survey of family medicine program directors in 2015. Questions addressed home visit practices, teaching and evaluation methods, common types of patient and visit categories, and barriers.

Results 

There were 252 responses from 455 possible respondents, representing a response rate of 55%. At most programs, residents performed 2 to 5 home visits by graduation in both 2014 (69% of programs, 174 of 252) and 2015 (68%, 172 of 252). The vast majority (68%, 172 of 252) of program directors expect less than one-third of their graduates to provide home visits after graduation. Scheduling difficulties, lack of faculty time, and lack of resident time were the top 3 barriers to residents performing home visits.

Conclusions 

There appeared to be no decline in resident-performed home visits in family medicine residencies 1 year after they were no longer required. Family medicine program directors may recognize the value of home visits despite a lack of few formal curricula.
Marking the 70th Anniversary of ICTM and 20th Anniversary of CES Folk Slovenia: Music, Sound and Ecology
Authors: Pettan Svanibor
Published: December 2016

With this issue of the Musicological Annual, we celebrate the 70th anniversary of the International Council for Traditional Music (ICTM, founded in 1947 in London) as well as the 20th anniversary of the Cultural and Ethnomusicological Society Folk Slovenia (founded in 1996 in Piran). At the time of publishing of the current issue, the headquarters of both societies are located at the Department of Musicology, Faculty of Arts of the University of Ljubljana. ICTM is the leading international association of ethnomusicologists and has its office in Ljubljana from 2011 until 2017, while CES Folk Slovenia is a professional Slovenian association as well as the national branch of the ICTM. During the aforementioned period, I – the guest editor of this Musicological Annual – am serving as Secretary General of ICTM and President of CES Folk Slovenia.
Long-term Particulate Matter Modeling for Health Effects Studies in California – Part II: Concentrations and Sources of Ultrafine Organic Aerosols
Authors: Hu Jianlin , Jathar Shantanu , Zhang Hongliang , Ying Qi , Chen Shu-Hua , Cappa Christopher D. , Kleeman Michael J.
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Organic aerosol (OA) is a major constituent of ultrafine particulate matter (PM0.1). Recent epidemiological studies have identified associations between PM0.1 OA and premature mortality and low birth weight. In this study, the source-oriented UCD/CIT model was used to simulate the concentrations and sources of primary organic aerosols (POA) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in PM0.1 in California for a 9-year (2000–2008) modeling period with 4 km horizontal resolution to provide more insights about PM0.1 OA for health effects studies. As a related quality control, predicted monthly average concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) total organic carbon at six major urban sites had mean fractional bias of −0.31 to 0.19 and mean fractional errors of 0.4 to 0.59. The predicted ratio of PM2.5 SOA/OA was lower than estimates derived from chemical mass balance (CMB) calculations by a factor of 2 ~ 3, which suggests the potential effects of processes such as POA volatility, additional SOA formation mechanism, and missing sources. OA in PM0.1, the focus size fraction of this study, is dominated by POA. Wood smoke is found to be the single biggest source of PM0.1 OA in winter in California, while meat cooking, mobile emissions (gasoline and diesel engines), and other anthropogenic sources (mainly solvent usage and waste disposal) are the most important sources in summer. Biogenic emissions are predicted to be the largest PM0.1 SOA source, followed by mobile sources and other anthropogenic sources, but these rankings are sensitive to the SOA model used in the calculation. Air pollution control programs aiming to reduce the PM0.1 OA concentrations should consider controlling solvent usage, waste disposal, and mobile emissions in California, but these findings should be revisited after the latest science is incorporated into the SOA exposure calculations. The spatial distributions of SOA associated with different sources are not sensitive to the choice of SOA model, although the absolute amount of SOA can change significantly. Therefore, the spatial distributions of PM0.1 POA and SOA over the 9-year study period provide useful information for epidemiological studies to further investigate the associations with health outcomes.
Spatial Extent of New Particle Events over the Mediterranean basin from multiple ground-based and airborne measurements
Authors: Berland Kevin , Rose Clémence , Pey Jorge , Culot Anais , Freney Evelyn , Kalivitis Nikos , Kouvaratis Giorgos , Cerro José Carlos , Mallet Marc , Sartelet Karine , Beckmann Matthias , Bourriane Thierry , Roberts Greg , Marchand Nicolas , Mihalopoulos Nikolaos , Sellegri Karine
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Over the last two decades, new particle formation (NPF), i.e. the formation of new particle clusters from gas-phase compounds followed by their growth to the 10–50 nm size range, has been extensively observed in the atmosphere at a given location, but their spatial extent rarely assessed. In this work, we use aerosol size distribution measurements performed simultaneously at Ersa (Corsica) and Finokalia (Crete) over a one-year period for analyzing the occurrence of NPF events in the Mediterranean area. The geographical location of these two sites, as well as the extended sampling period allow us to assess the spatial and temporal variability of atmospheric nucleation at a regional scale. Globally, Finokalia and Ersa show similar seasonalities in the monthly average nucleation frequencies, growth rates, and nucleation rates although the two stations are located more than 1000 km away from each other. Within this extended period, aerosol size distribution measurements were performed during an intensive campaign (July 3rd to August 12th 2013) from a ground based station on the island of Mallorca, as well as onboard the ATR-42 research aircraft. This unique combination of stationary and mobile measurements provides us with detailed insights into the horizontal and vertical development of the NPF process on the daily scale. During the intensive campaign, nucleation events occurred simultaneously both at Ersa and Mallorca over delimited time slots of several days, but different features were observed at Finokalia. The results highlight that the spatial extent of the NPF events over the Mediterranean Sea might be as large as several hundreds of kilometers, mainly determined by synoptic conditions. Airborne measurements gave additional information regarding the origin of the clusters detected above the sea. The selected cases depicted contrasting situations, with clusters formed in the marine boundary layer or initially nucleated above the continent or in the Free Troposphere (FT) and further transported above the sea.
Exploring the potential of utilizing high resolution X-band radar for urban rainfall estimation
Authors: Yang Wen-Yu , Ni Guang-Heng , Qi You-Cun , Hong Yang , Sun Ting
Published: December 2016

Abstract. X-band-radar-based quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) system is increasingly gaining interest thanks to its strength in providing high spatial resolution rainfall information for urban hydrological applications. However, prior to such applications, a variety of errors associated with X-band radars are mandatory to be corrected. In general, X-band radar QPE systems are affected by two types of errors: 1) common errors (e.g. mis-calibration, beam blockage, attenuation, non-precipitation clutter, variations in the raindrop size distribution) and 2) “wind drift” errors resulting from non-vertical falling of raindrops. In this study, we first assess the impacts of different corrections of common error using a dataset consisting of one-year reflectivity observations collected at an X-band radar site and a distrometer along with rainfall observations in Beijing urban area. The common error corrections demonstrate promising improvements in the rainfall estimates, even though an underestimate of 24.6% by the radar QPE system in the total accumulated rainfall still exists as compared with gauge observations. The most significant improvement is realized by beam integration correction. The DSD-related corrections (i.e., convective–stratiform classification and local Z-R relationship) also lead to remarkable improvement and highlight the necessity of deriving the localized Z-R relationships for specific rainfall systems. The effectiveness of wind drift correction is then evaluated for a fast-moving case, whose results indicate both the total accumulation and the temporal characteristics of the rainfall estimates can be improved. In conclusion, considerable potential of X-band radar in high-resolution rainfall estimation can be realized by necessary error corrections.
The growth of shrubs on high Arctic tundra at Bylot Island: impact on snow physical properties and permafrost thermal regime
Authors: Domine Florent , Barrere Mathieu , Morin Samuel
Published: December 2016

Abstract. With climate warming, shrubs have been observed to grow on Arctic tundra. Their presence is known to increase snow height and is expected to increase the thermal insulating effect of the snowpack. An important consequence would be the warming of the ground, which will accelerate permafrost thaw, providing an important positive feedback to warming. At Bylot Island (73° N, 80° W) in the Canadian high Arctic where bushes of willows (Salix richardsonii Hook) are growing, we have observed the snow stratigraphy and measured the vertical profiles of snow density, thermal conductivity and specific surface area (SSA) in over 20 sites of high Arctic tundra and in willow bushes 20 to 40 cm high. We find that shrubs increase snow height, but only up to their own height. In shrubs, snow density, thermal conductivity and SSA are all significantly lower than on herb tundra. In shrubs, depth hoar which has a low thermal conductivity was observed to grow up to shrub height, while on herb tundra, depth hoar only developed to 5 to 10 cm high. The thermal resistance of the snowpack was in general higher in shrubs than on herb tundra. More signs of melting were observed in shrubs, presumably because stems absorb radiation and provide hotspots that initiate melting. When melting was extensive, thermal conductivity was increased and thermal resistance was reduced, counteracting the observed effect of shrubs in the absence of melting. Simulations of the effect of shrubs on snow properties and on the ground thermal regime were made with the Crocus snow physics model and the ISBA (Interactions between Soil–Biosphere–Atmosphere) land surface scheme, driven by in situ and reanalysis meteorological data. These simulations did not take into account the summer impact of shrubs. They predict that the ground at 5 cm depth at Bylot Island during the 2014–2015 winter would be up to 13 °C warmer in the presence of shrubs. Such warming may however be mitigated by summer effects.
Phytoplankton communities determine the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of alkaline phosphatase activity: evidence from a tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Yuan Yijun , Bi Yonghong , Hu Zhengyu
Published: December 2016

Abstract. In order to know the role of phytoplankton communities in the distribution pattern of alkaline phosphatase activity (APA), monthly investigation was conducted in the Xiaojiang River, a tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). Different APA fractions (APAT, APA 3.0 μm), environmental parameters, and phytoplankton communities were screened synchronously. Significant spatio-temporal differences of APA with the highest value in summer and the lowest in winter (P  3.0 μm were significantly higher than APA0.45–3 μm indicated phytoplankton was the main contributor to alkaline phosphatase. Correlation analysis indicated the dominant species and cell density could determine the distribution pattern of APA. Turbidity (Turb), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), water temperature (WT), pH and chlorophyll a (Chl a) were proved to be positively correlated with APA; soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), conductivity (Cond), transparency (SD) and water level (WL) were negatively correlated with APA. It was concluded that spatio-temporal heterogeneity of APA determined by phytoplankton communities was related to water temperature and hydrodynamics.
Dynamics of riverine CO2 in the Yangtze River fluvial network and their
implications for carbon evasion
Authors: Ran Lishan , Lu Xixi , Liu Shaoda
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Understanding riverine carbon dynamics is critical for not only better estimates of various carbon fluxes but also evaluating their significance in the global carbon budget. As an important pathway of global land-ocean carbon exchange, the Yangtze River has received less attention regarding its vertical carbon evasion than lateral transport. Using long-term water chemistry data, we calculated CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) from pH and alkalinity and examined its spatial and temporal dynamics and the impacts of environmental settings. With alkalinity ranging from 415 to >3 400 μmol L−1, the river waters were supersaturated with dissolved CO2, generally 2–20 folds the atmospheric equilibrium (i.e., 390 μatm). Changes of pCO2 were collectively controlled by terrestrial ecosystems, hydrological regime, and rock weathering. High pCO2 values were observed spatially in catchments with abundant carbonate presence and seasonally in the wet season when recent-fixed organic matter was exported into the river network. In-stream processing of organic matter facilitated CO2 production and sustained the high pCO2, although the alkalinity presented an apparent dilution effect with lower alkalinity concentrations in higher flow periods. The decreasing pCO2 from the smallest headwater streams through tributaries to the mainstream illustrates the significance of direct terrestrial carbon input in controlling riverine carbon. With a basin-wide mean pCO2 of 2662 ± 1240 μatm, substantial CO2 evasion from the Yangtze River fluvial network is expected. Future research efforts are thus needed to quantify the amount of CO2 evasion and assess its biogeochemical implications for watershed-scale carbon cycle. In view of the Yangtze River's relative importance in global carbon export, its CO2 evasion would be significant for global carbon budget.
The European forest sector: past and future carbon budget and fluxes under different management scenarios
Authors: Pilli Roberto , Grassi Giacomo , Kurz Werner , Fiorese Giulia , Cescatti Alessandro
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The comprehensive analysis of carbon stocks and fluxes of managed European forests is a prerequisite to quantify their role in biomass production and climate change mitigation. We applied the Carbon Budget Model (CBM) to 26 European (EU) countries, parameterized with country information on the historical forest age structure, management practices, harvest regimes and the main natural disturbances. We quantified C stocks for the five forest pools plus Harvested Wood Products (HWP), and the fluxes among these pools, from 2000 to 2030. The aim is to quantify the main C fluxes as affected by land-use changes, natural disturbances and forest management and to asses the impact of specific harvest and afforestation scenarios after 2012 on the mitigation potential of the EU forest sector. Substitution effects and the possible impacts of climate are not included in this analysis. Results show that for the historical period (2000–2012) the net primary productivity (NPP) of the forest pools at the EU level is on average equal to 639 Tg C yr−1, the losses are dominated by heterotrophic respiration (409 Tg C yr−1) and fellings (110 Tg C yr−1 due to removals), with direct fire emissions being only 1 Tg C yr−1, leading to a net carbon stock change (i.e. sink) of 110 Tg C yr−1. Fellings also transferred 28 Tg C yr−1 of harvest residues from biomass dead organic matter pools. The average annual forest Net Sector Exchange (NSE), i.e. the carbon stock changes in the forest pools plus HWP, equals 122 Tg C yr−1 (i.e., about 19 % of the NPP) for the historical period and in 2030 reaches 126 Tg C yr−1, 101 Tg C yr−1 and 151 Tg C yr−1, assuming respectively a constant, increasing (+20 %) and decreasing (−20 %) scenario of both harvest and afforestation rates compared to the historical period. Under the constant harvest rate scenario, our findings show an incipient aging process for the forests existing in 1990: despite the NPP is still increasing (+7 %) the greater increase of heterotrophic respiration (+13 %) leads to a decrease of the sink in the forest pools (−6  %) in 2030 compared to the historical period. The detailed picture of the C fluxes within the EU forest sector condensed in this study, and their evolution under different harvest scenarios, provide a useful framework for more detailed future analyses (spatially or temporally) on the mitigation potential of the forest sector. Overall, our study confirms that, in the majority of European countries, the build-up of biomass stocks results from woody NPP exceeding losses by timber harvest and natural disturbances. However, at the country level, we highlighted some statistical differences, suggesting that this relationship cannot be assumed as constant for all European countries. Specific forest conditions, such as the harvest rate, the current age structure and forest composition, may have a different impact on the country-specific evolution of biomass stocks.
Correcting for Static Shift of Magnetotelluric Data with Airborne Electromagnetic Measurements: A Case Study from Rathlin Basin, Northern Ireland
Authors: Delhaye Robert , Rath Volker , Jones Alan G. , Muller Mark R. , Reay Derek
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Galvanic distortions of magnetotelluric (MT) data, such as the static shift effect, are a known problem that can lead to incorrect estimation of resistivities and erroneous modelling of geometries with resulting misinterpretation of subsurface electrical resistivity structure. A wide variety of approaches have been proposed to account for these galvanic distortions, some depending on the target area, with varying degrees of success. The natural laboratory for our study is a hydraulically permeable volume of conductive sediment at depth, the internal resistivity structure of which can be used to estimate reservoir viability for geothermal purposes, however static shift correction is required in order to ensure robust and precise modelling accuracy. We propose a method employing frequency–domain electromagnetic data for static shift correction, which in our case are regionally available with high spatial density. The spatial distributions of the derived static shift corrections are analysed and applied to the uncorrected MT data prior to inversion. Two comparative inversion models are derived, one with and one without static shift corrections, with instructive results. As expected from the one–dimensional analogy of static shift correction, at shallow model depths, where the structure is controlled by a single local MT site, the correction of static shift effects leads to vertical scaling of resistivity-thickness products in the model, with the corrected model showing improved correlation to existing borehole wireline resistivity data. In turn, as these vertical scalings are effectively independent of adjacent sites, lateral resistivity distributions are also affected, with up to half a decade of resistivity variation between the models estimated at depths down to 2000 m. Simple estimation of differences in bulk porosity, derived using Archie’s Law, between the two models reinforces our conclusion that the sub–order of magnitude resistivity contrasts induced by correction of static shifts correspond to similar contrasts in estimated porosities, and hence, for purposes of reservoir investigation or similar cases requiring accurate absolute resistivity estimates, galvanic distortion correction, especially static shift correction, is essential.
Ultramafic Varėna Suite in the Precambrian crystalline basement of the Southern Lithuania – implications for the origin
Authors: Motuza Gediminas , Kirkliauskaitė Vaida
Published: December 2016

The Varėna Suite comprises a set of ultramafic rocks: olivinic, pyroxenic, magnetitic, dolomitic, and apatite bearing rocks, which form complex bodies of few sq. km in the Precambrian crystalline basement near the Varėna town in Southern Lithuania. Occurrences of few mineral commodities are related to the Varėna Suite. Magnetitic rocks contain essential resources of high grade iron ores. Phlogopite, apatite, REE and Th mineralization is related to the Varėna Suite. The assessment of the potential for these commodities is primarily dependent on the origin of Varėna Suite, which is still disputed. The models of metasomatic (skarn), and igneous (layered intrusion) origin are proposed earlier. The article presents an overview and reinterpretation of the recent data on the Varėna Suite, its petrographic and geochemical characteristic, as well as the arguments for igneous origin of the Varėna Suite, as the polyphase intrusion with subsequent metasomatic alteration, with alkaline trend.
Heavy metal contamination of the Curonian Lagoon bottom sediments (Lithuanian waters area)
Authors: Jokšas Kęstutis , Galkus Arūnas , Stakėnienė Rimutė
Published: December 2016

Samples of surface (0–3 cm) bottom sediments of the Lithuanian aquatic area of the Curonian Lagoon and Nemunas River delta were taken from 41 sites in 2013 and 2014. Sediment parameters, such as the percentage of particles, concentration of organic carbon and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cr, Cd, and Hg), were determined. The heavy metal contamination of the surface layer of bottom sediments was determined using the Nemerov’s pollution index applied to soil. The spatial distribution of contamination indices and the dependence of contamination dynamics on sedimentation factors were analysed. It was determined that heavy metal concentrations had a tendency to increase as sediment particles became finer and as Corg concentration increased. A greater amount of pollutants got into the aquatic area of the Curonian Lagoon that was closer to the Klaipėda harbour than into other lagoon zones. The heavy metals for the integral pollution index for the Curonian Lagoon and Nemunas River delta surface bottom sediments could be arranged in the following order: Cd>Pb>Cu>Ni>Hg>Cr>Zn.
Grain size variability as an indicator of sediment transport alongshore the Curonian Spit (south-eastern Baltic Sea)
Authors: Kovaleva Olga , Chubarenko Boris , Pupienis Donatas
Published: December 2016

Sediment samples have been collected along the sea coast of the Curonian Spit in summer season of 2011, 2014 and 2015-years. According to grain size analysis the shoreline and the berm consist of well and very well-sorted sand, medium-sized on the southern (Russian) part of the spit, medium and fine on the northern (Lithuanian) part. ‘McLaren’ method was applied to determine the long-shore sediment transport directions. Mismatch of results with those obtained by methods based on simulation of resulted wave action did not prove the hypothesis that ‘McLaren’ method was able to reveal long-term resulted sediment transport. The hypothesis that ‘McLaren’ method indicates the directions of alongshore sediment transport during the stormy conditions preceding the sampling period was not proved also. It was concluded that application of ‘McLaren’ method in respect of the Curonian Spit shore, which is a transit one without permanent sources or sinks of sediments, is not efficient. ‘McLaren’ method was applied to describe the cross-shore sediment movement. It was found that deposits from the trough (located between the bar and shoreline) are transported to the shoreline that is in a line with the known fact about cross-shore transport of bottom material during the calm weather.
IN MEMORIAM. Farewell to Professor Tom Flodén
Authors: Winterhalter Boris
Published: December 2016

Tom Flodén (1937–2016), a marine geophysicist and geologist, was an excellent researcher, teacher, writer of scientific reports. Much of his work was both innovative and pioneering providing a new vision of the submarine geology of the various parts of the Baltic Sea. T. Flodén was a member of the BALTICA Scientific Committee.
Effects of Employee Career Management on Organisational Performance: A Study of Selected Banks in Umuahia, Abia State
Authors: Ikechukwu Dialoke, , Nnaemeka Chiavoghi , Ojeka Ukonu, Ifeanyichukwu
Published: December 2016

This study examines the effects of employee career management on organisational performance of selected banks in Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. Quasi-experimental research design was employed. Target population for the study consists of licensed commercial banks in Umuahia but accessible population consists of 10 banks. Simple random sampling was used. Sample frames of 213 bank workers were surveyed through questionnaire administration. Sample size is 134 using Taro Yamane formular. After data cleaning, a total of 91 copies were found useful for data analysis. Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Coefficient was used for data analysis with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings of the study show that employee career management is significantly associated with organisational performance. The study concluded that employee career management promotes organisational performance of banks. Drawing from the conclusion, the study recommended that financial institutions should encourage their employees by developing their career through training, seminars, conferences and educational advancement to update their knowledge in other to be competitive in the banking industry.
Editorial of the 1st International Cross-Industry Safety Conference proceedings
Authors: Boer Robert J. de , Karanikas Nektarios
Published: December 2016

Editorial of the 1st International Cross-Industry Safety Conference proceedings
Exploring the Diversity in Safety Measurement Practices: Empirical Results from Aviation
Authors: Kaspers Steffen , Karanikas Nektarios , Roelen Alfred , Piric Selma , Aalst Robbert van , Boer Robert J. De
Published: December 2016

A literature review, which was conducted during the research project “Measuring Safety in Aviation – Developing Metrics for Safety Management Systems”, identified several problems and challenges regarding safety performance metrics in aviation. The findings from this review were used to create a framework for interviewing 13 companies in order to explore how safety performance is measured in the industry. The results from the surveys showed a wide variety of approaches for assessing the level of safety. The companies encounter and/or recognise problematic areas in practice when implementing their safety management. The findings from the literature review are partially confirmed and it seems that the current ways of measuring safety performance are not as straight forward as it might be assumed. Further research is recommended to explore alternative methods for measuring aviation safety performance.
Lean Six-Sigma in Aviation Safety: An implementation guide for measuring aviation system’s safety performance
Authors: Panagopoulos Ilias , Atkin Chris , Sikora Ivan
Published: December 2016

The paper introduces a conceptual framework that could improve the safety performance measurement process and ultimately the aviation system safety performance. The framework provides an implementation guide on how organisations could design and develop a proactive, measurement tool for assessing and measuring the Acceptable Level of Safety Performance (ALoSP) at sigma (σ) level, a statistical measurement unit. In fact, the methodology adapts and combines quality management tools, a leading indicators programme and Lean-Six Sigma methodology to formally measure and continuously improve a stable and in-control safety management process by reducing safety defects and variability from core organisational processes and objectives. The implementation guide was empirically tested and validated with data collected and analysed within a period of nine months by the safety department of a complex aviation organisation operating a large transport aircraft fleet.
Naive Fault Trees for Safety Evaluations in Early Project Phase
Authors: Rajabalinejad Mohammad
Published: December 2016

Naive Fault Trees (NFT) aim to extend the application of Fault Trees (FT) and make them appealing for system designers in the early project life cycle. NFT use input intervals and values to estimate the frequency of a top event. This extension facilitates the assignment of failure probability to basic events when exact data is difficult to find, unavailable or even not existent. The formulation of the problem and results are presented in this paper through an application to a real-world example.
ed from different candidates contain ample information, which might not appear evident at first sight. The complexity of the situation requires an intelligent extraction of the information from the data. An analysis tool IndEvawas developed to handle this complexity and provide an accurate, detailed and reliable evaluation of inspection systems and personnel. Besides the plain evaluation regarding the fulfilment of the qualification requirements, critical test flaws as well as test block sections, which are likely to cause false positive indications can be identified. Statistic results display the dependency of the system performance on various parameters and parameter combinations to provide a clear picture of the performance. Country-specific evaluation standards can be applied and compared, especially with regard to the continuous improvement of the qualification methodology.
 
Aviation Safety Concerns for the Future
Authors: Smith Brian E. , Roelen Alfred L.C. , Hertog Rudi den
Published: December 2016

The Future Aviation Safety Team (FAST) is a multidisciplinary international group of aviation professionals that was established to identify possible future aviation safety hazards as undesirable consequences of changes. Since 2004, the FAST and its former members have been maintaining a catalogue of ‘Areas of Change’ (AoC) that could potentially influence aviation safety. The horizon for such changes is between 5 to 20 years. In this context, changes must be understood as broadly as possible. An AoC is a description of the change, not an identification of the hazards that result from the change. An analysis of the AoCs identified in 2004 demonstrates that changes catalogued many years ago, were directly evident in the majority of fatal aviation accidents over the past ten years. This ex-post-facto analysis of the AoCs identified in 2004 demonstrates that changes catalogued previously can provide an opportunity for predicting casual factors of future safety incidents. This paper presents an overview of the current AoC catalogue and a subsequent discussion of related aviation safety concerns. Interactions among these future changes may weaken critical functions that must be maintained to ensure safe operations. Safety assessments that do not appreciate or reflect the consequences of complexity due to such interactions will not be fully informative and can lead to inappropriate trade-offs and increases of other risks. The use of an “Areas of Change” concept permits a systematic analysis of ongoing and future phenomena that may interact with a technology or operational concept under study and generate unanticipated hazards.
O MITO DA SECULARIZAÇÃO E A REPRODUÇÃO DA MORAL RELIGIOSA NO BRASIL: UM DESAFIO PARA AS ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS?
Authors: Fiorelli Silva Ileizi Luciana , Rodrigues Franciele
Published: December 2016

Este trabalho tem como propósitos conhecer quais os pertencimentos religiosos de estudantes do ensino médio vinculados a duas escolas públicas situadas em Londrina-PR e refletir sobre quais são as percepções destes sujeitos acerca das uniões homoafetivas e a presença dos símbolos religiosos no ambiente escolar. Para tanto, nosso caminho metodológico foi o desenvolvimento, aplicação e análise de questionários. Constatamos a predominância de alunos cristãos, contrários a formação de casais do mesmo sexo e, majoritariamente favoráveis ou indiferentes a existência dos objetos religiosos nas instituições escolares. Com isto, vislumbramos a reprodução das formas religiosas de interpretar o mundo e dos valores religiosos para a organização da vida privada e social.
RELIGIÃO E “IDEOLOGIA DE GÊNERO” NO PLANO NACIONAL DE EDUCAÇÃO (PNE)
Authors: Ribeiro Amanda , Pátaro Cristina Satiê de Oliveira , Mezzomo Frank Antonio
Published: December 2016

O artigo evidencia a influência de entidades e líderes religiosos na elaboração do Plano Municipal de Educação de Campo Mourão, município localizado no centro oeste do estado do Paraná. Busca-se evidenciar as disputas e formas de mobilização da população contra a "ameaça" exercida pelo que determinadas instituições religiosas passaram a denominar “Ideologia de gênero”. A análise coloca em questão a presença da religião no espaço público, problematizando os movimentos e disputas políticas que têm sido protagonizados por agentes religiosos, inclusive na esfera da política institucional, em relação aos direitos reprodutivos e sexuais, assim como nas questões de gênero, trazendo repercussões também para o campo da educação.
BIOÉTICA DE INTERVENÇÃO APLICADA À PESSOA COM DEFICIÊNCIA, PERSPECTIVAS TEOLÓGICAS E INCLUSÃO NA COMUNIDADE
Authors: Pereira Elizabete Aparecida , Junqueira Sérgio
Published: December 2016

Sob o intuito de aferir de que modo a pessoa com deficiência guarda relação com as categorias da Escola de Pensamento Bioético Intervencionista trabalhadas pelos bioeticistas Dora Porto e Volnei Garrafa, o artigo analisa o desenvolvimento da Bioética, que expandiu seus limites para além da seara médica, atingindo o campo social a partir das noções de corporeidade, empoderamento, libertação e emancipação, perpassando tratados internacionais de direitos humanos. Resultando a revisão literária numa conformação das categorias analisadas à realidade das pessoas com deficiência, buscando a contribuição da Teologia para o debate bioético, sobretudo, no campo da Teologia Moral, o artigo deságua no modelo que confere ‘opção preferencial pelos pobres’, emergindo a categoria vulnerabilidade como referencial da Bioética em sua dimensão social, a partir das perspectivas de pobreza e exclusão. Contrariando a visão errônea das pessoas com deficiência como objeto de caridade e de assistencialismo, a teologia latino-americana posiciona-as como sujeitos de um mundo desafiado à construção de uma nova sociedade, fraterna e solidária, atenta às suas especificidades e necessidades, em todas as dimensões da vida, inclusive espiritual.
Editorial
Authors: Junqueira Sergio
Published: December 2016

EDITORIAL SEÇÃO TEMÁTICA: PESQUISA SOBRE RELIGIÃO POR PESQUISADORES NO PARANÁ
Economic Integration and the Appalachian Experience in the Rust Belt-Sun Belt Transition
Authors: James Autumn C. , James Ryan D.
Published: December 2016

For a number of decades, Appalachia has been a region that has lacked the growth and development that neighboring regions have experienced. Interestingly, in the past thirty years, as investment relocated during the Rust Belt-Sun Belt Transition, evidence of Appalachian integration into the national economy has begun to emerge. This inclusion, however, is generally confined to Northern and Southern Appalachia, and is not fully understood. To explore the nature of this integration, this paper uses geographic visualization and a two-way ANOVA on capital, labor, and technology measures. Results indicate that Appalachian counties continued to lag in these neoclassical factors of growth when compared to non-Appalachian, Rust Belt, or Sun Belt counties, though the Appalachian lag effect lessened over time.
Imprisoning Appalachia: The Socio-Economic Impacts of Prison Development
Authors: Perdue Robert Todd , Sanchagrin Kenneth
Published: December 2016

In the last twenty-five years, the number of prisons in Central Appalachia has grown dramatically. Seeking to bring jobs and development to their communities, policymakers tend to view the industry as an economic lifeline. The passage of time allows us to critically evaluate the impacts of prison development in Central Appalachia, and here we analyze per capita income, poverty, and unemployment rate changes in counties that have opened a prison since 1989. We find little evidence to support the claim that prisons are engines of growth. Unemployment rates are lower in counties containing a prison, however, per capita income is also lower, while poverty rates are higher. Coupling these findings with the opportunity costs of adopting this strategy rather than others leads to the conclusion that policymakers would be well served using great caution before pursuing this development pathway.
Using Relationships as Resources in Social Impact Investing: Examining a Local Food Movement in Appalachia
Authors: Farley Kathryn Webb , Bush Carrie Blanchard
Published: December 2016

To better understand the implementation of investments aimed at producing sustainable food systems across rural counties in Appalachia, particularly during the early phase of the movement, this study explores the perceptions of fifteen organizations that received grant funding. Studying local food systems is of interest because they have the unique characteristic of encompassing multiple aspects of social impact investing, including goals that may be seen as important to Appalachian communities: farming practices that benefit the environment, economic sustainability for local residents, and building the capacity of local organizations. Although grants may provide opportunities to make significant headway toward community economic and social goals, establishing the appropriate relationships may be a challenge for local organizations. Thus the goal of this research is to gain insight into how the grantees used various relationships among community-based organizations (i.e., businesses and farmers, educational institutions, government agencies, intermediary organizations and non-profits) and leveraged different types of capital (i.e., financial, informational, material, and giving capital) in the effort to establish a local food system within Appalachia.
An unrecognized endocrinology emergency masquerading as a hypertensive emergency: A can’t miss diagnosis
Authors: Agosto Vargas Yanerys , Velez Maymi Sharon , Letelier Paola Mansilla , Hernandez-Vazquez Luis Raul , Rodriguez Samayra Miranda , Garcia Michelle Mangual , Rodriguez Leon Jose , Martínez José H. , Gutierrez Madeleine , Miranda Maria De Lourdes
Published: December 2016

Pituitary apoplexy secondary to sellar tumors is a rare entity that carries a high mortality rate. It could be secondary to infarction or hemorrhage of the pituitary gland. The incidence remains unclear, most are reported in men between the ages of 50 to 60. In the majority of times, apoplexy is idiopathic in nature, without a clear discernible cause. However, there are multiple risk factors associated with this entity, such as systemic hypertension, among others. There are few cases of pituitary apoplexy caused by infarction of a pituitary macroadenoma. We present this case of pituitary apoplexy secondary to infarction of a nonfunctional pituitary adenoma in a young woman, with a fortunate resolution.
Using Digital Devices in a First Year Classroom: A Focus on the Design and Use of Phonics Software Applications
Authors: Nicholas Maria , McKenzie Sophie , Wells Muriel A.
Published: December 2016

When integrated within a holistic literacy program, phonics applications can be used in classrooms to facilitate students’ self-directed learning of letter-sound knowledge; but are they designed to allow for such a purpose? With most phonics software applications making heavy use of image cues, this project has more specifically investigated whether the design of the images used in such applications may impact on the effectiveness of their self-directed use in classrooms. Using a quasi-experimental study, we compared two types of pictorial mnemonics used in tablet applications, along with teacher-led activity in three first-year classrooms from the one school. The difference between teacher-led activity and integrated picture cues was significant, with teacher-led activity proving more effective. The difference between teacher-led activity and form-taking picture cues, however, was not statistically significant. Given that the outcomes of this small-scale study suggest that image design may be a significant design feature contributing to the educational value of using phonics applications in the classroom, we recommend that the design features of phonics software applications attract further research.
Relating extension education to the adoption of sustainable forest management practices
Authors: Rasamoelina Maminiaina S. , Johnson James E. , Hull R. Bruce
Published: December 2016

Family forest lands represent a vitally important economic, environmental, and social resource in the U.S. A study of family forest owners was conducted in Virginia in 2007 to determine the relationship between attendance at Extension Service educational programs and the adoption of sustainable forest management practices. A mail survey was conducted to 3435 randomly selected forest owners, with a usable response rate of 32%. Participation in educational programs was shown to be significantly related to higher levels of adoption for all seven categories of sustainable forest management practices studied. For example, in the woodland management category, participants in workshops offered through the Virginia Forest Landowner Education Program (VFLEP) adopted one or more specific practices at a rate of 94%, significantly greater than 83% for forest owners who attended other general educational programs, which in turn was significantly higher than the 75% adoption rate for forest owners who did not attend any educational programs. Two key indicators of sustainable forest management are the preparation and use of a forest management plan, and the use of professional technical assistance providers. For both of these categories participants in the VFLEP adopted at significantly higher rates, 41% and 73%, respectively.
Structural and relational support for innovation – formal versus informal knowledge exchange mechanisms in forest-sector learning
Authors: Bayne Karen , Moore John , Fielke Simon
Published: December 2016

In order to drive forest sector productivity, an emphasis has been placed on effectively transferring science knowledge to technical foresters. Having a communications plan and engaging the right stakeholders early can induce a rich learning environment that strengthens context, knowhow and ensures mechanisms are in place for knowledge to be transferred. Formalized structures such as reports and seminars have evolved to improve the science transfer process, but it appears that the key success factor in enhancing uptake and learning may require an environment that encourages relationship building, particularly trust building between parties in developing informal and formal relationships. Informal interactions, though not often acknowledged in business, foster the conditions conducive to good knowledge exchange – co-ordination, co-operation and communication. Enhancing conditions in which these three aspects grow can lead to increased social capital, changed paradigms and reduced business costs due to sharing of knowledge and resources. We posit a conceptual framework describing the role of formal and informal knowledge exchange mechanisms and introduce research innovation clusters as a means to promote forest sector engagement and informal relational support for learning.
Unravelling the past to manage Newfoundland’s forests for the future
Authors: Arsenault André , LeBlanc Robert , Earle Eric , Brooks Darin , Clarke Bill , Lavigne Dan , Royer Lucie
Published: December 2016

The forests of Newfoundland represent a unique type of boreal ecosystem with diverse environmental gradients that exercise strong control over disturbances and vegetation. We have assembled and analyzed a comprehensive database on disturbance history in Newfoundland. Defoliating insects, led by the eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens) and the hemlock looper (Lambdina fiscellaria Guenée), have the largest disturbance footprint on the island. Infrequent wildfires (fire cycle = 769 years) had a decisive role in driving forest succession, particularly in the Central Newfoundland Forest and Maritime Barrens ecoregions. We hypothesize that the historical disturbance regime in Newfoundland would not have enabled steady-state conditions, although the amount of old-growth forests and deadwood would likely have been greater than it is today. We argue that the implementation of the natural range of variation (NRV) concept in forest management for such non-equilibrium systems will be challenging in Newfoundland and in other regions of Canada. We propose guiding principles to adapt the NRV concept using ecological knowledge. If a sciencebased approach is desired, assumptions about NRV should be tested using a rigorous experimental design. We encourage the establishment of large-scale experiments in at least a portion of forestry operations to enable an ecosystem sciencebased approach.
Far from the madding civilization: Anarcho-primitivism and revolt against disintegration in Eugene O’Neill’s The Hairy Ape
Authors: Jeihouni Mojtaba , Maleki Nasser
Published: December 2016

Anarcho-primitivism contends that modern civilization deprives people of their happiness, which is why it seeks to reconstruct civilization on a primitive basis, one that holds concrete promises of happiness. It argues that a harmonious relation with human nature and external nature needs to be established by translating technological societies into societies that are free of hierarchy, domination, class relationships, and, simply put, of modern structures. Anarcho-primitivists intend to reinstate a primitive outlook in the modern era and recover the authenticity and wholeness lost to the tyranny of civilization. The radical nature of Yank’s anti authoritarianism in Eugene O’Neill’s The Hairy Ape (1921) demonstrates that he is totally at a loss about the positive functions of industrialism. We argue that Yank expresses a deep resentment toward civilization that is barely hidden in the play. This leads us to suggest that Yank’s objective is not dissimilar from that of anarcho primitivists: he values his individuality and tries to subvert the social forces that are arrayed against it. Like anarcho-primitivists, he is determined to bring down the pillars of the material culture in favor of a primitive life, where free subjectivity or individuation becomes the integral gift of society.