bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adolescent Obesity and Early-onset Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Twig Gilad , Zucker Inbar , Afek Arnon , Cukierman-Yaffe Tali , Bendor Cole D. , Derazne Estela , Lutski Miri , Shohat Tammy , Mosenzon Ofri , Tzur Dorit , Pinhas-Hamiel Orit , Tiosano Shmuel , Raz Itamar , Gerstein Hertzel C , Tirosh Amir
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE:
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasingly diagnosed at younger ages. We investigated
the association of adolescent obesity with incident T2D at early adulthood.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A nationwide, population-based study
of 1,462,362 adolescents (59% men; mean age 17.4 years) evaluated during 1996-2016.
Data were linked to the Israeli National Diabetes Registry. Weight and height
were measured at study entry. Cox proportional models were applied.

RESULTS: During 15,810,751 person-years, 2,177
people (69% men) developed T2D (mean age at diagnosis, 27 year). There was an interaction between BMI, sex and
incident T2D (Pinteraction=0.023). In a model adjusted for
socio-demographic variables, the hazard ratios for diabetes diagnosis were 1.7
(1.4-2.0), 2.8 (2.3-3.5), 5.8 (4.9-6.9), 13.4 (11.5-15.7), and 25.8 (21.0-31.6)
among men in the 50th-74th, 75th-84th,
overweight, mild obesity, and severe obesity groups, respectively; and 2.2
(1.6-2.9), 3.4 (2.5-4.6), 10.6 (8.3-13.6), 21.1 (16.0-27.8), and 44.7
(32.4-61.5), respectively, in women. An
inverse graded relationship was observed between baseline BMI and mean age of
T2D diagnosis: 27.8 and 25.9 years among men and women with severe obesity,
respectively; and 29.5 and 28.5 years among the low-normal BMI (5th-49th
percentile; reference), respectively. The projected fractions of adult-onset T2D that were attributed to high BMI (≥85th
percentile) at adolescence were 56.9% (53.8%-59.9%) and 61.1% (56.8%–65.2%), in
men and women, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Severe
obesity significantly increases the risk for incidence of T2D in early
adulthood in both sexes. The rise in adolescent severe obesity is likely to increase
diabetes incidence in young adults in coming decades.
Truffles and Radishes, Food and Wine at the Opera
Authors: Plotkin Fred
Published: April 2020

“It’s raining truffles, radishes and fennels,” says Sir John Falstaff, the richly humane and deeply funny title character of Giuseppe Verdi’s final masterpiece. While there are many ways that food, wine and other libations have been used in opera, somehow this line best captures both the grandeur and common touch that opera and gastronomy possess. For every rare and fragrant truffle, there are plenty of common but no less essential radishes and fennels, all of which have their metaphorical place in opera and real place in cookery. Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901) was probably the most important Italian creative artist since the Renaissance. Not only was he the foremost composer of Italian opera and, for many, the greatest opera composer of all, but he was a knowledgeable gastronome and farmer as well. His most famous operas include tragedies and dramas such as Rigoletto, Il Trovatore, La Traviata, Aïda and Otello, but it was in his last work, the human comedy Falstaff, that he achieved his fullest expression of a philosophy that believes ‘All the world is a joke and man is born a clown.’
Jane Grigson
Authors: Holt Geraldene
Published: April 2020

Cookery writing is “almost a form of autobiography,” Jane Grigson remarked on a BBC radio programme in 1987. “It’s been my way of finding out why I’m on this earth, and adding something to the sum of human happiness.” However, when Jane left university in 1949, her food writing career lay almost twenty years ahead of her. She first worked in art galleries and publishers’ offices. In 1953 she joined George Rainbird as a picture researcher and met the author and poet Geoffrey Grigson. A decade working as a translator led to the award of the John Florio Prize with Father Kenelm Foster for the translation of Beccaria’s Of Crimes and Punishment. Jane’s interest in food developed when she and Geoffrey with their daughter, Sophie, began to divide their time between a farmhouse in Broad Town in Wiltshire and a cave house in Trôo in the Loir-et-Cher region of France. Here, in the early sixties, Jane began to research a book on French charcuterie for an English friend, Adey Horton, who later suggested that she also take over the writing. By trawling through French textbooks on the subject in a scholarly exploration of the field and also compiling a comprehensive collection of recipes, Jane demonstrated her skill for research and her talent as a food writer. Charcuterie and French Pork Cookery was published in 1967, to wide- spread acclaim. The book is a well organised survey of a specialised field: highly informative yet with accessible recipes, an educational volume which retains its distinction more than four decades later, and described by Elizabeth David as a kitchen classic.
Marketing the Fertile Crescent, The reinvention of the public market tradition in New Orleans
Authors: McCarthy Richard
Published: April 2020

Under Spanish rule in the late 18 th Century, New Orleans began to enjoy the beginnings of what came to be among the more highly developed public market systems in the North America. The system served many purposes: to link regional farmers, fishers and hunters to urban consumers, to serve as gateway for global goods from the Port of New Orleans, like Central American bananas, to enable those on the economic margins to gain a foothold in the economy as business owners and to build social cohesion among a culturally complex colony. By the time post-World War II America promised air-conditioning, new housing, supermarkets and automobiles with the escape from the smelly, messy inner core of the city, the 32-strong public markets were already in decline. Despite this decline, the collective memory of markets remained important footnotes for a city that, even to this day, maintains an uncomfortable relationship with the forces of American homogenization. Many wholesalers, bakers, grocery stores, and restaurants cut their retail teeth at one of the city’s public markets. Throughout New Orleans, discussions at family gatherings often reflect upon the days when the French Market sold live crabs instead of sunglasses and T-shirts that read ‘I got crabs in the French Quarter.’
China, a personal perspective
Authors: Hom Ken , Sloan Donald
Published: April 2020

While I genuinely welcome the public’s apparently insatiable appetite for food-related television shows, I am not sure that the continuous diet of light entertainment and culinary competitions does much to extend our collective knowledge. I’ve had a long-standing ambition to write and present a series that achieves something different – that reveals the complex cultures of China through the universal language of food. With Exploring China: a Culinary Adventure, broadcast by the BBC in 2012, I hope that’s what Ching He-Huang and I managed to achieve. Having not been on a substantial trip to China since 1989, this was the perfect time to return. The real China still exists, thank goodness, even although westernisation and relentless progress are nibbling away at traditional ways of life – of cooking food, of eating together, of family life and community ties. We travelled from the wild frontiers of the north to the industrial megacities of the south, and saw the inevitable conflicts between tradition and modernity, between communism and capitalism. We also talked to ‘real’ people from many different regions, and their evident cultural pride gave me hope for the survival of the ‘real’ China.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ И ИСХОДЫ ПОСЛЕ ОПЕРАЦИИ АОРТОКОРОНАРНОГО ШУНТИРОВАНИЯ НА РАБОТАЮЩЕМ СЕРДЦЕ И В УСЛОВИЯХ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО КРОВООБРАЩЕНИЯ. ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВА И НЕДОСТАТКИ МЕТОДИК, ПО ДАННЫМ РАНДОМИЗИРОВАННЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ
Authors: SHumkov K.V.
Published: April 2020

Обзор посвящен актуальной проблеме сравнительному анализу рандомизированных исследований по сопоставлению результатов аортокоронарного шунтирования у больных ишемической болезнью сердца в условиях искусственного кровообращения и на работающем сердце. Помимо анализа первичных точек общей и кардиальной летальности, автор рассматривает сравнительные результаты в различных возрастных группах, при разных значениях индекса хрупкости, а также анализирует особенности нейрокогнитивного статуса и качества жизни.
ОЦЕНКА РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ ОДНОМОМЕНТНОЙ ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОЙ КОРРЕКЦИИ ПРИОБРЕТЕННЫХ ПОРОКОВ И НАРУШЕНИЙ РИТМА СЕРДЦА В ОТДАЛЕННЫЕ СРОКИ ПОСЛЕ ОПЕРАЦИИ
Authors: Bokeriia L.A. , Meladze M.G. , Dzhandzhgava D.A. , Marganiia G.T.
Published: April 2020

Цель. Изучение отдаленных результатов одномоментных хирургических вмешательств по коррекции приобретенных пороков и нарушений ритма сердца. Материал и методы. Обследовано 117 больных, возраст на момент обследования составил 3878 лет (медиана 49 лет), срок после операции 5,31,9 года. У 75 (64,1) имелось ревматическое происхождение порока сердца у 47 (40,2) отмечалась недостаточность митрального клапана, 45 (38,5) комбинированный порок митрального клапана, 13 (11,1) сочетанный порок митрального и аортального клапанов. Нарушения ритма представлены фибрилляцией предсердий (ФП) у 111 больных и наджелудочковой тахикардией в 6 случаях. Пациенты были разделены на 2 группы: в 1-й (n40, оперированы до 2002 г.) наряду с коррекцией клапанной патологии проведены операции крио-, лазерной и электрической деструкции атриовентрикулярного (АВ) узла с имплантацией электрокардиостимулятора (ЭКС), операция Сили. Во 2-й группе (n77) проведены РЧА- и криомодификации операции Лабиринт . Результаты. В 1-й группе синусовый ритм после операции отмечался у 6 (15), ритм ЭКС 33 (82,5), ФП у 1 (2,5). Во 2-й группе синусовый ритм отмечен у 47 (61) пациентов, ритм ЭКС 21 (27,3), ФП 9 (11,7). Собственный ритм реже отмечался у пациентов старшей возрастной группы на момент операции (60 лет по сравнению с 52 годами у пациентов с синусовым ритмом p0,005), сопутствующей артериальной гипертензией, большими диаметром и объемом левого предсердия (54,7 и 50,1 мм соответственно, p0,01) и более высоким расчетным давлением в правом желудочке (49 и 36 мм рт. ст. соответственно, p0,004). Заключение. Большая частота восстановления синусового ритма и лучшие показатели функционального состояния пациентов отмечаются при проведении операции Лабиринт у больных с меньшим возрастом на момент операции и меньшими размерами левого предсердия.
Bir Simülasyon Olarak Eğitim ve Eğitim Programları
Authors: DURAN Volkan , KAYMAKCI Güliz , ÜNAL Ahmet
Published: April 2020

Günümüzdeki en etkili medya kuramcılarından birisi olan Fransız post modern yazar Jean Baudrillard modern kitle iletişim araçlarının etkisinin diğer teknolojilerin etkisinden daha farklı ve derin olduğunu vurgulamıştır. Baudrillard’a göre, kitle iletişiminin özellikle de televizyon gibi elektronik medyanın gelişi tam da yaşamlarımızın niteliğini değiştirmiştir. Televizyon bize yalnızca dünyayı göstermez, giderek içinde yaşadığımız dünyanın aslında ne olduğunu belirler. Benzer şekilde, Fransız düşünür Jean Baudrillard’ın geliştirdiği “Simülasyon Kuramı” bu olguları kültürel simgesel sistemi anlamada simülakr kavramıyla açıklamıştır. Buna göre, gerçekliğin “gibiliği” ya da gözükmesi, sosyal yaşamı düzenlemektedir. Simülakr, toplumun kendisini, çevresini nasıl anladığını belirleyen kategorilerle birlikte bir gerçeklik ilkesi sunmaktadır. Simülakrlar statükoyu sürdürmek ve yeniden üretmek anlamında kurumsal uygulamalar düzenlemektedir. Simülakr tarihsel olarak yavaş yavaş gelişir. Baudrillard, “Simulacra and Simulation” adlı eserinde eğitimin olmadığını sadece ileri kapitalizmde doğabilecek eşitsizlikleri maskeleyen bir eğitim simülasyonu olduğunu vurgulamıştır. Bu bağlamda “eğitim programları bir simülakr olarak ele alınabilir mi?” sorusu bu çalışmanın temel amacını oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada önce Baudrillard felsefesi incelenecektir. İkinci aşamada ise eğitimde program geliştirmede ihtiyaç analizi açısından Baudrillard’ın görüşleri ele alınacaktır. Üçüncü aşamada ise program geliştirmenin ekonomik, sosyal ve felsefi temelleri açısından Baudrillard’ın görüşleri ele alınacaktır. Son olarak ise program geliştirme modelleri açısından Baudrillard’ın görüşleri incelenecektir. Çalışma sonuçları literatürle tartışıldıktan sonra konuyla ilgili öneriler belirtilmiştir.
Didáctica de la estética como elemento clave en la alfabetización actual
Authors: Fernández Tijero Maria Carmen
Published: April 2020

El término ‘alfabetización’ se ha visto ampliado en las últimas décadas, sobre todo debido al auge de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, que han hecho necesaria una educación que tuviera en cuenta estas nuevas formas de comunicación. No se presenta aquí una revisión del término, del que ya hay múltiples variantes, sino que se analiza el planteamiento didáctico de las disciplinas instrumentales principales: lengua-literatura e imagen, en base a la demanda educativa, social y cultural de nuestro entorno. El uso y el aprendizaje de estas disciplinas se realiza en los contextos reales de desarrollo individual y social, por lo que el planteamiento didáctico no puede hacerse de otra forma que no sea partiendo de dichos contextos y con los propios materiales reales de interacción del ser humano. Solo así se potenciará la capacidad de análisis crítico de la información recibida y se podrá intervenir en el curso de la sociedad de forma coherente, adecuada y correcta.
Nouvelle station de Pteris vittata L. (Pteridaceae) en Numidie (Algérie orientale)
Authors: Hamel Tarek , De Bélair Gérard , Slimani Abderachid , Boutabia Lamia , Telailia Salah
Published: April 2020

Les auteurs signalent une observation de Pteris vittata L. dans la Numidie algérienne. Cette découverte permet de faire le point sur sa répartition en Algérie.
Methodology of Situational Management of Critical Infrastructure Security
Authors: Wiśniewski Michał
Published: April 2020

The article discusses the issues of the critical infrastructure security management from the perspective of entities responsible for its security and development of an integral model of critical infrastructure security, and shows the methodology of situational management of critical infrastructure safety. Proposed solutions are used for CI mapping, enabling the generation of adverse event scenarios, estimation of the risks dependent on the considered CI, and determination of decision problem, indicating a set of protection activities for elimination or reduction of the risk in the security threshold.
DETEKSI DINI KOMPLIKASI KEHAMILAN, PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT SERTA DETEKSI DINI GANGGUAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN BAYI DAN BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PEGAMBIRAN KOTA PADANG
Authors: Insani Aldina Ayunda , Mutiara Erda , Amelin Fitrisia , Yulizawati Yulizawati , Bustami Lusiana El Sinta , Andriani Feni
Published: April 2020

Puskesmas Pegambiran is located in Lubuk Begalung Sub-district, Padang City has five villages with a pregnancy complication rate of 19.9% and neonatal complications of 11.74% (2016). The general objective that will be achieved is to increase the number of better health degrees for pregnant women, infants, toddlers, and pre-school age children through promotive and preventive activities. The method used is by conducting surveys and interviews, conduct counseling, demonstrate clean and healthy living habits, anthropometric measurements of infants, toddlers, and pre-school children, observation, pregnancy checks, hemoglobin checks, and counseling. The results obtained were counseling and demonstrations on clean and healthy living behaviors in pre-school age children at Alya Zahira Kindergarten, which all students could participate in and run smoothly. 98% of kindergarten students demonstrated healthy hygiene habits, including washing hands, brushing teeth, and mentioning healthy snacks. Anthropometric measurements of infants and toddlers and pre-school age children showed that weight for age was within normal limits, height/length according to age, and expected limits. 3.7% thin and short toddlers and 1.2% of toddlers have speech delays, 1.2% children under five with a history of epilepsy, and need further treatment, so referrals are made. 1.2% of children under five were referred to because they did not recognize colors. All pregnant women (100%) have normal hemoglobin levels (10 g / dl), and pregnancy conditions are appropriate for their gestational age. It is hoped that further community service activities will be carried out by applying the partnership midwifery practice model (mentoring) to the above targets for several months. There are changes in behavior patterns for promotive and preventive actions that have been given.
Selenomethionine as an Expressible Handle for Bioconjugations
Authors: Flood Dillon T. , Hintzen Jordi C.J. , Lu Chenxi , Cistrone Philip A. , Chen Jason , Otomo Takanori , Dawson Philip
Published: April 2020

Site-selective chemical protein ligation reactions are enabling tools for chemical biology. Herein, we employ a physical organic study to refine the selenomethionine (SeM) benzylation as a practical protein bioconjugation strategy. SeM is readily introduced through auxotrophic expression and exhibits unique nucleophilic properties that allow it to be selectively modified even in the presence of cysteine. The resulting benzylselenonium adduct is stable at physiological pH, selectively labile to glutathione and embodies a broadly tuneable reactivity profile. Guided by a mechanistic analysis of the reaction, a 4-bromomethylphenylacetyl linker is identified for efficient conjugations of complex organic molecules to SeM containing proteins. This optimized benzyl linker exhibits a rate constant of 3x10-1 M-1s-1, facilitating efficient conjugation at micromolar concentrations. The selenonium conjugate is further advanced through a linker that can be selectively photo-locked or reductively cleaved on demand. This tool-kit of selenonium forming reagents have broad potential in the development of chemically enhanced proteins.
Harnessing powers of genomics to build molecular maps of coronavirus targets in human cells: a guide for existing drug repurposing and experimental studies identifying candidate therapeutics to mitigate the pandemic COVID-19.
Authors: Glinsky Gennadi
Published: April 2020

Genes required for SARS-CoV-2 entry into human cells, ACE2 and FURIN, were employed as baits to build genomics-guided maps of up-stream regulatory elements, their expression and functions in human body, including pathophysiologically-relevant cell types. Repressors and activators of the ACE2 and FURIN genes were identified based on the analyses of gene silencing and overexpression experiments as well as relevant transgenic mouse models. Panels of repressors (VDR; GATA5; SFTPC; HIF1a) and activators (HMGA2; INSIG1) were then employed to identify existing drugs manifesting gene expression signatures of the potential coronavirus infection mitigation agents. Using this strategy, Vitamin D and Quercetin have been identified as putative COVID-19 mitigation agents. Gene expression profiles of Vitamin D and Quercetin activities and their established safety records as over-the-counter medicinal substances suggest that they may represent viable candidates for further considerations of their potential utility as COVID-19 pandemic mitigation agents. Quercetin has been identified as one of top-scoring candidate therapeutics in the supercomputer SUMMIT drug-docking screen and Gene Set Enrichment Analyses (GSEA) of expression profiling experiments (EPEs), indicating that highly similar structurally Quercetin, Luteolin, and Eriodictyol could serve as efficient inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. GSEA and EPEs identify multiple drugs, smoking, and many disease conditions, including seasonal and pandemic H1N1, that appear to act as putative coronavirus infection-promoting agents. Discordant patterns of Testosterone versus Estradiol impacts on SARS-CoV-2 targets suggest a plausible molecular explanation of the apparently higher male mortality during coronavirus pandemic. Age-associated Vitamin D deficiency may contribute to high mortality of older adults and elderly. Observations reported in this contribution are intended to facilitate follow-up targeted experimental studies and, if warranted, randomized clinical trials to identify and validate therapeutically-viable interventions to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.
Molecular Insights into the Contagious Nature of Pandemic Novel Coronavirus 2019-nCoV
Authors: Mishra Dr. Seema
Published: April 2020

This article stems from the author's observations that ORF10, a protein with no sequence and structural conservation, provides with a high number of potentially immunogenic, promiscuous epitopes. With high degree of epitope conservation across CTL and HTL epitopes of ORF10, its existence in the 2019-nCoV genome is largely seen as particularly contributing to the highly contagious nature of this virus.
Evaluation of Reaction Between 2,4-Thiazolidinedione and P-Methoxybenzaldehyde in Microreactors for Production of Drugs for Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Authors: Vieira Rodrigo , Santana Harrson , Silva Jr. João , Meira Paula , Bressan Gabriel , Taranto Osvaldir Pereira , Calvo Paulo , Palma Mauri
Published: April 2020

The use of microreactors in chemical and pharmaceutical industries allow a series of advantages due to their reduced sizes regarding conventional batch reactors. In the present paper the transposition of the reaction between 2,4-Thiazolidinedione with p-Methoxybenzaldehyde, generating the compound with potential biological action against diabetes mellitus type II, from batch to a continuous capillary microreactor was carried out. The microdevice performance was evaluated experimentally and numerically by Computational Fluid Dynamics. The efficiency and viability of microreactors usage for the intermediate pharmaceutical active production was assessed. The optimized operating conditions were obtained for the batch reactor (processing time) and microreactor (residence time), the promoter base selection and optimal concentration was also performed, in order to maximize reactants conversion and reaction yield. Considering the acquired data, computational fluid dynamic simulations were carried out, allowing obtaining a computational methodology to be used for a fast increment of production from microreactor to industrial demand.
Van Der Waals Potential: An Important Complement to Molecular Electrostatic Potential in Studying Intermolecular Interactions
Authors: Lu Tian , Chen Qinxue
Published: April 2020

Electrostatic and van der Waals (vdW) interactions are two major components of intermolecular weak interactions. Electrostatic potential has been a very popular function in revealing electrostatic interaction between the system under study and other species, while the role of vdW potential is less recognized and has long been ignored. In this paper, we explicitly present definition of vdW potential, describe its practical implementation, and demonstrate its important value by visual analysis and comparing it with spatial distribution function obtained via molecular dynamics simulation. We hope this work can arouse researchers' attention to van der Waals potential and promote its application in practical studies of weak interaction. Calculation, visualization and quantitative analysis of the vdW potential have been supported by our freely available code Multiwfn (http://sobereva.com/multiwfn).
Repurposing FDA-Approved Drugs for COVID-19 Using a Data-Driven Approach
Authors: Duarte Rodrigo R. R. , Copertino Jr. Dennis C. , Iñiguez Luis P. , Marston Jez L. , Nixon Douglas F. , Powell Timothy R.
Published: April 2020

There have been more than 116,000 recorded deaths worldwide to-date caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), and over 1.8 million individuals are currently infected. Although there are now hundreds of clinical trials for COVID-19, there are currently no effective licensed treatments, while the numbers of infected individuals continue to rise at an exponential rate in many parts of the world. Here, we used a data-driven approach utilizing connectivity mapping and the transcriptional signature of lung carcinoma cells infected with SARS-CoV-2, to search for drugs across the spectrum of medicine that have repurposing potential for treating COVID-19. We also performed chemoinformatic analyses to test whether the identified compounds were predicted to physically interact with the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase or main protease enzymes. Our study identified commonly prescribed FDA-approved molecules as important candidates for drug repositioning against COVID-19, including flupentixol, reserpine, fluoxetine, trifluoperazine, sunitinib, atorvastatin, raloxifene, butoconazole, and metformin. These drugs should not be taken for treating or preventing COVID-19 without a doctor’s advice, as further research and clinical trials are now needed to elucidate their efficacy for this purpose.
Chemical Space Exploration: How Genetic Algorithms Find the Needle in the Haystack
Authors: Henault Emilie S. , Rasmussen Maria Harris , Jensen Jan H.
Published: April 2020

We attempt to explain why search algorithms can find molecules with particular properties in an enormous chemical space (ca 1060 molecules) by considering only a tiny subset (typically 103−6 molecules). Using a very simple example, we show that the number of potential paths that the search algorithms can follow to the target is equally vast. Thus, the probability of randomly finding a molecule that is on one of these paths is quite high and from here a search algorithm can follow the path to the target molecule. A path is defined as a series of molecules that have some non-zero quantifiable similarity (score) with the target molecule and that are increasingly similar to the target molecule. The minimum path length from any point in chemical space to the target corresponds is on the order of 100 steps, where a step is the change of and atom- or bond-type. Thus, a perfect search algorithm should be able to locate a particular molecule in chemical space by screening on the order of 100s of molecules, provided the score changes incrementally. We show that the actual number for a genetic search algorithm is between 100 and several millions, and depending on the target property and its dependence on molecular changes, the molecular representation, and the number of solutions to the search problem.
A Predictive Model of the Temperature-Dependent Inactivation of Coronaviruses
Authors: Yap Te Faye , Liu Zhen , Shveda Rachel A. , Preston Daniel
Published: April 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has stressed healthcare systems and supply lines, forcing medical doctors to risk infection by decontaminating and reusing medical personal protective equipment intended only for a single use. The uncertain future of the pandemic is compounded by a lack of data on the ability of the responsible virus, SARS-CoV-2, to survive across various climates, preventing epidemiologists from accurately modeling its spread. However, existing data on the thermal inactivation of related coronaviruses can provide insights enabling progress towards understanding and mitigating COVID-19. This paper describes a thermodynamic model that synthesizes data from the literature to accurately predict the temperature-dependent inactivation of coronaviruses. The model provides much-needed thermal sterilization guidelines for personal protective equipment, including masks, and will also allow epidemiologists to incorporate temperature into models forecasting the spread of coronaviruses across different climates and seasons.
Mechanochemical Reactions of Cocrystals: Comparing Theory with Experiment in Making and Breaking Halogen Bonds in Solid State
Authors: Topic Filip , Arhangelskis Mihails , Hindle Poppy , Tran Ricky , Morris Andrew , Cincic Dominik , Friscic Tomislav
Published: April 2020

Mechanochemical re-investigation of the halogen-bonded cocrystallization of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane and 1,2-diiodotetraflurobenzene revealed an unexpectedly complex system, with three distinct cocrystal compositions, one of which also exhibits temperature-dependent polymorphism. This provided an opportunity to experimentally test the ability of dispersion-corrected periodic density functional theory (DFT) not only to explain the formation, but also predict the interconversion between halogen-bonded cocrystals of different stoichiometries,
Synthesis of Tertiary Amines by Direct Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Reductive Amination
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Vinh , Hussein Mohanad A. , Dinh An Huy , Huynh Vien
Published: April 2020

Tertiary amines are ubiquitous and valuable compounds in synthetic chemistry, with a wide range of applications in organocatalysis, organometallic complexes, biological processes and pharmaceutical chemistry. One of the most frequently used pathways to synthesize tertiary amines is the reductive amination reaction of carbonyl compounds. Despite developments of numerous new reductive amination methods in the past decades, this reaction generally requires non-atom-economic processes with harsh conditions and toxic transition-metal catalysts. Herein we report simple yet practical protocols using triflic acid as catalyst to efficiently promote direct reductive amination reactions of carbonyl compounds on a broad ranges of substrates. Applications of this new method to generate valuable heterocyclic frameworks and polyamines are also included.
In-vivo Assessment of Neurotoxicological Effect of Mugwort Leaves on Induced Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Neelamma G  , Shaik Harun Rasheed  , Kausar Sulthana  , Nagarani B  , Srilekha P
Published: April 2020

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating ailment in which the loss of myelin destructs conduction along the affected axons typically resulting in the conduction block. The motive of this protocol is to carry out the neuroprotective activity of Artemisia vulgaris (Mugwort) by induced demyelination of ethidium Bromide in wistar rats. The leaf methanolic extract was treated at 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg weight administered through oral route and continued for 28 days in demyelinated rats. Demyelination was affected by administering intracranial injection of toxin (ethidium Bromide) at the dose of 1µg/0.03ml of PBS per kg body weight. The potency of the extract was analysed in the terms of their behavioural study on the first, second and fourth week. The animals were immolate after 28 days and subjected to histopathological assessment. The unearthing from behavioural histopathological and biochemical studies evince that the methanol extract of Artemisia vulgaris have potential protective effect on the ethidium bromide induced demyelinated rats.
Formulation and quality evaluation of instant mango drink powder
Authors: Akther S. , Alim M.A. , Badsha M.R. , Matin A. , Ahmad M. , Hoque S.M.Z.
Published: April 2020

The study was conducted to develop a healthy instant mango drink powder and to
compare its nutritional facts with commercially available mango drink powder. For this
purpose, ripe Amropali mangoes were collected from a local source. After drying the
mango pulp in a cabinet dryer, three formulations were prepared to compare with a locally
available commercial brand mango drink powder. In this study, moisture, ash, protein, fat,
carbohydrate, and energy contents were ranged from 0.2 to 4.6%, 0.4 to 2.6%, 0.7 to
2.2%, 0.6 to 0.9%, 89.5 to 97.8% and 375.4 to 400.5 kcal/100 g, respectively. The crude
fiber was not found in any of the instant mango drink powder. Among the bioactive
compounds, the flavonoid content in the commercial brand was higher than other
formulated mango drink powder. In contrast, total anthocyanin content and total phenolic
content values of all formulated instant mango drinks were higher than the commercial
brand. Potassium, Magnesium, Chloride, Phosphorus, and Vitamin C were higher in
formulated powder than the commercial preparation, but sodium, calcium, and iron
contents were higher in the commercial mango drink powder. Antioxidant capacity was
also found to be significantly higher in our formulated powder than that of commercial
preparation. From the sensory and microbiological point of view, our formulated instant
mango drink powder exhibited significant acceptability and stability. So, the formulated
instant mango drink powder appears to be nutritionally and tastefully as acceptable as
commercially available instant mango drink powders and able to meet day-to-day
nutritional requirements as a supplement.
Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Mahasiswa PGSD Dalam Mendesain Soal Tes Bentuk Uraian Untuk Meningkatkan Soft Skills Mahasiswa
Authors: Selegi Susanti Faipri
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this research was to know creative thinking skills of PGSD’s students to design the essay test to increase student’s soft skills. Subject of research are students in 4 semester that consist of 45 students. Method of this research is qualitative research with date collecting technique by test and documentation. The result of research show that 53,3% of 45 students achieved the good score. The students could be able elaborated the essay test through the creativity using by picture in order to student in elementary school understand it. The essay test which had been made more creative and adjusted cognitive level. Furthermore, 8,88% of 45 students achieved the enough categories and 2,22% achieved the less category. This is due to the essay test not being able to develop the material properly, both from grids and scoring guidelines. Overall the average value obtained is 77,42% in the good category. Thus, students’ creative thinking skills such as fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration can improve students’ soft skills in designing the essay test in 5th grade elementary school.
The scientific and research centers of Ukraine of library science
Authors: Voskoboinikova-Huzieva Olena
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the activity of leading research institutions in the field of library science in Ukraine at the present stage. Using the methodological basis of the systematic approach and the content analysis method of scientific publications and open access resources, the author investigates the achievements of Ukrainian librarianship. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main directions of activity of the scientific institutions of the librarian branch in 2010s; the problems of the dissertation researches aimed at improving the activity of the library social institute; the development of professional communication through scientific events and periodicals. Among the main objects of research are the Institute of Library Science, Institute of Information Technologies and the Center for Social Communication Research of the Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine; Lviv National Scientific Library of Ukraine named after V. Stefanyk; State Scientific and Pedagogical Library of Ukraine named after V.O. Sukhomlinsky; National Scientific Agricultural Library of NAAS of Ukraine. The article also analyzes the achievements of scientific schools of Kharkiv State Academy of Culture, Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts, National University «Lviv Polytechnic». The conclusion is that the main tendencies of library investigations carried out in research centers - leading libraries and institutions of higher education of Ukraine include: the development of interdisciplinary research, in which the library as a social institute becomes an active component of public communications, global information influences; development of researches devoted to scientific and informational support of branch science (educational, agrarian) in the context of European integration and globalization processes; the librarianship investigation from the media space point of view, in particular in the system of public use of social media, or as an equal partner in its creation; increasing attention to interaction and coordinated formation of consolidated information resources of libraries, archives and museums. The study may be followed up as the study of the experience and prospects of international cooperation in the field of scientific activities, especially library science, as well as librarianship issues, which are covered in scientific communication - in professional journals, scientific forums, etc.
The superhuman being manipulated: the digital and the real personality on social networks
Authors: Ivanov Denys
Published: April 2020

The main objective of the article is to describe the basics of using data on the activity/passivity of social network users and gadget owners, as well as related challenges. Using the method of content analysis, we consider the profile in the social network as the profile of the identity of the owner. Through the prism of presence/absence of information, we can assume who is this or that user. Based on various criteria, we can determine to which category a particular user can be attributed. We consider the profile in the network as a place of confession for the user, and the gadget considered as “prosthesis” that everyone needs to achieve their goals. Therefore, the person and the gadget are considered holistic. We provide information on the development of the OCEAN method, which allows us to «measure» the human psyche based on auto-expression on a social network. We present examples of using users data by Cambridge Analytics for political purposes, such as the 2016 presidential election in the USA, Brexit, and examples showing global data collection, high data representativeness, automating data collection processes, processing information from social network users and their profiling. To demonstrate the level of representativeness of the data, we compared the number of Facebook users in the USA with a population of this country. For comparison purpose, we also analyzed the statistics of users of the Android system. Based on the methods of induction and deduction, as a result, we presented the problems associated with the use of information of gadgets owners (identity theft, using data for manipulation (political and consumer) purpose, threats to democratic elections and the loss of subjectivity in the decision-making process). We also noted the trend (disappointment of people who understand the situation in the political system as a whole), which will develop as a reaction to these processes. As a conclusion, we propose solutions that can reduce negative processes (improving legislation at the international and national level, promoting awareness). The significance of this study for science and society is to clarify the problems associated with big data, which often remain outside the scope of discussion.
Practical Issues of Translated Texts Editing
Authors: Aleksandrovych Maryna
Published: April 2020

This article contains a summary of some practical issues of translated texts editing with clear examples. Copy editing of translated texts is different from copy editing of texts written in the native language, because the focus of the work shifts from how to deliver an author’s message in the most appropriate way to how to deliver author’s text, written in the native language, in another language (Ukrainian) in the most appropriate way. The first question is the versatility: does the copy editor need to know the language of the original text in order to do effective copy editing. And she/he should at least understand the basic features of the language of the original text such as phonetics, grammar and syntax. Also a copy editor should pay particular attention to such aspects as: at the lexical level – false friends, transliteration of proper nouns, excess of possessive pronouns, translation or adaptation of lexical gaps; at the syntactic level – copulative verb, word order in a sentence, contrastive stress in a phrase, address words, syntax simplification. A necessary aspect is the unification of certain elements in the translated text: address words, units of measurement (length, weight, area, time, volume, etc.), transliterated proper and common nouns. Described in this article principles of transliteration, unification, adaptation, lexical and syntactic aspects of copy editing of translated texts will help to improve the quality of translated books into Ukrainian.
La inmigración de italianos a Valencia: más allá de las migraciones económicas
Authors: Ingellis Anna Giulia , Esteban Fernando Osvaldo
Published: April 2020

Este artículo presenta un estudio sobre la inmigración de italianos a la ciudad de Valencia en la última década. Los objetivos principales son analizar la composición demográfica del colectivo y las motivaciones del desplazamiento. El estudio se ha realizado con una triangulación de métodos, incluyendo análisis de datos estadísticos secundario, etnografía digital y entrevistas en profundidad. Los resultados apuntan a que se trata de un flujo migratorio compuesto por adultos jóvenes, solos y con familias de procreación. Las causas del desplazamiento no son estrictamente económicas, sino que están relacionadas con la búsqueda de una mejor calidad de vida, donde destacan elementos como la posibilidad de disponer de más y mejores servicios públicos (salud, educación, transporte, etc.) y un mayor respeto por las normas que regulan la convivencia. La principal conclusión es que las teorías migratorias clásicas no pueden explicar este flujo migratorio emergente.
Estado y migración: El reflejo de las políticas en la movilidad externa de cubanos
Authors: Pérez García Yulianela
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo es resultado de un análisis documental, cuyo objetivo consistió en explicar la influencia de la política del Estado para la cuestión migratoria en el desarrollo de la migración internacional de los cubanos. Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo desde una concepción estructuralista con la utilización de métodos teóricos como el lógico histórico, analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo. Se encontró que desde la década del noventa y en correspondencia con el comportamiento mundial de los flujos, la migración externa cubana se enfrenta a los retos de un gradual dinamismo, la diversificación de sus corrientes, la complejización de sus motivaciones y la profundización de los vínculos entre los migrantes y su país de origen. En estas transformaciones la actividad normativa del Estado cubano ha sido fundamental. Se concluye que los esfuerzos realizados por el Estado y sus instituciones para controlar el potencial migratorio y neutralizar su impacto socioeconómico han incidido, entre otros elementos, en la diversificación de las expresiones de la migración y modificado los flujos, una vez que se adecuan a las oportunidades que les ofrece el marco político normativo nacional.
Políticas públicas de integración de inmigrantes. Éxitos y fracasos en Venezuela
Authors: Moreno Jenny Luliet
Published: April 2020

El presente trabajo titulado: Las políticas públicas de integración de inmigrantes, éxitos y fracasos en Iberoamérica, capitulo Venezuela. Intenta hacer un esbozo de las políticas de atención al inmigrante en Venezuela desde 1989 hasta la actualidad. Tiene como objetivo general analizar las políticas de atención a los inmigrantes en Venezuela desde 1989 hasta el 2019. Se presenta en seis apartados, en la introducción se realiza un análisis sincrónico del fenómeno desde el siglo XX, con sus principales rasgos durante esa época. El esquema del contenido esta dividido en un primer punto dedicado a la política de los inmigrantes desde 1989 hasta el 2003, luego un segundo punto que hace referencia al periodo del presidente Hugo Chávez que marca una diferenciación con el resto de los periodos presidenciales, un tercer apartado donde se analizan las políticas sociales denominadas misiones que nacen en el 2003 y que se mantienen hasta el día de hoy, donde se destaca la misión identidad, destinada a dotar de documentación legal a los migrantes que llegan a Venezuela, luego se hace una revisión detallada del marco legal, un quinto punto dedicado a la actualidad y por último las conclusiones. La metodología utilizada es el análisis documental de textos científicos y de artículos de prensa relacionados con el tema.
Políticas de inserción laboral de los migrantes colombianos retornados entre 2012 y 2018
Authors: Serrano Donna Catalina Cabrera , López-Villamil Stéphanie
Published: April 2020

En este artículo se propone analizar la coordinación entre las políticas migratorias y las medidas en materia laboral para la población retornada en Colombia desde la aprobación de la Ley de Retorno de 2012. Para esto, se emplea como metodología un análisis de contenido derivado de una revisión documental de información del mercado laboral y políticas en materia migratoria y de empleo, teniendo en cuenta aspectos relacionados con el diseño de programas diferenciados para la población retornada y el desarrollo de mecanismos de seguimiento sobre las intervenciones realizadas. El artículo considera el contexto de la emigración y del retorno en Colombia, incluyendo la participación de la población retornada en los puestos de trabajo de los países de acogida, así como las dinámicas recientes del mercado de trabajo en el país entendiendo algunos factores estructurales como el desempleo y la informalidad y la necesidad de considerar estos aspectos en el diseño de propuesta de integración socioeconómica para los retornados. Posteriormente se enumeran las principales intervenciones propuestas en temas de empleabilidad y emprendimiento y se realiza un análisis detallado de los informes de gestión presentados por los Ministerios de Relaciones Exteriores y del Trabajo para el período de estudio para evidenciar la existencia de mecanismos de coordinación interinstitucional. A partir de ello, se evidencia la necesidad de recolectar y difundir información sobre la inserción laboral de los retornados de manera con el fin de recoger más insumos técnicos y de diferentes actores que permita adecuar los programas o las políticas destinadas para ello.
Tres décadas después… Evolución de las políticas de incorporación de inmigrantes en Portugal: Una nueva lectura
Authors: Padilla Beatriz , França Thais
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo discute la evolución de las políticas portuguesas de incorporación de inmigrantes, desde la década de 1980, hasta la legislación actual de 2018. Pese a que las políticas incorporación de inmigrantes se integraron a la agenda pública portuguesa recientemente, a lo largo de estos 30 años, se han registrado cambios significativos.  Argumentamos que, si bien se han registrado avances, no existe por parte del Estado portugués una estrategia sólida, continua y coherente que se mueva de forma conjunta, sino que los avances han sucedido en un mismo sentido, pero a dos velocidades, pudiendo ellas estar relacionadas con las diferentes presiones ejercidas por la sociedad civil, la Unión Europea y las propias convicciones del Estado en lo que deben ser las políticas. Específicamente, nos centramos en dos tipos de políticas de incorporación para argumentar que mientras se registraron grandes avances en las políticas de acceso a la nacionalidad, el progreso en la legislación antidiscriminación ha sido menos acentuado. Para demostrarlo, analizamos la evolución legislativa (leyes, decretos) y los programas oficiales del gobierno portugués, en dichos ámbitos, con una mirada crítica.