bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crime Story
Authors: LoBrutto Vincent
Published: September 2019

This crime film is based on the true-life story of kingpin drug dealer Frank Lucas, portrayed by Denzel Washington, who was hunted down and eventually captured by Ritchie Roberts, played by Russell Crowe. The movie takes place in the late 1960s in Harlem, and details the explosion of heroin on the streets through the criminal efforts of Lucas. There are also sequences set in Southeast Asia, where Lucas finds his tremendous supply. The film features a large supporting cast of mainly African American actors and a highly realistic re-creation of Harlem at the end of the 1960s. The period effect is greatly aided by a musical score of iconic records that sets the scenes and provides narrative layers of atmosphere and detail.
The Recognition and Cabinet Crises, 1862
Authors: Fry Joseph A.
Published: September 2019

This chapter focuses on Lincoln’s decision to reject calls for Seward’s replacement as secretary of state and on the two partners’ successful efforts to block European diplomatic recognition of the Confederacy and intervention in the American war. Seward skillfully managed maritime issues associated with the blockade, and Lincoln shifted the primary stated emphasis of US diplomacy from preserving the Union to freeing the slaves. This shift was embodied in the Emancipation Proclamation and linked northern victory to abolishing slavery. When combined with the Confederate retreat following the battle of Antietam and Seward’s ongoing threats, the North’s stand on the side of liberty ultimately convinced British leaders not to intervene or to recognize the South—making 1862 the war’s pivotal foreign policy year.
Victory and the Death of the Partnership, 1863–1865
Authors: Fry Joseph A.
Published: September 2019

This chapter examines US foreign policy challenges over the final two years of the war. Those challenges included the repercussions arising from US efforts to restrict neutral trade with the South, Confederate shipbuilding efforts in Great Britain and France, Confederate attempts to provoke an Anglo-American crisis by attacking the United States from Canada, and Napoleon III’s military and political intervention in Mexico and attempt to install a European monarch in the Western Hemisphere. By continuing their policy of belligerent warnings and timely conciliation, Lincoln and Seward successfully resolved all of these issues. Finally, this chapter includes coverage of the military and imperial dimensions of Lincoln’s policies toward Native Americans.
Conclusion
Authors: Fry Joseph A.
Published: September 2019

President Abraham Lincoln and Secretary of State William Henry Seward confronted the greatest foreign policy challenge of their young, and still impermanent, nation’s existence. With the South’s secession and potential European intervention in the Civil War, national survival was literally at stake. Neither President Lincoln nor Secretary of State Seward could boast of the relevant foreign policy background and experience of several of their better-prepared predecessors, such as John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, or John Quincy Adams. Still, both were highly intelligent, well-read, shrewd political operatives, who had developed great skill in managing difficult contemporaries and complex public issues and problems. They were also quick studies who learned from both successes and failures....
Introduction
Authors: Fields David P.
Published: September 2019

“So you see, time and time again, America has failed to do its duty which it owes to itself and to the world and consequently the gangster nations are threatening the very existence of this great republic,” longtime Korean exile Syngman Rhee told his audience gathered at the American University in Washington, DC, on 8 October 1942. In the months and years after Pearl Harbor, Americans wondered how their country had become embroiled in a war so suddenly and so unexpectedly. The “sneak attack” on Pearl Harbor galvanized American opinion in favor of involvement in the war, but it also raised questions about how their political and military leaders could have been so unprepared. Into this breach stepped conspiracy theorists and cynics, who wondered if President Franklin Roosevelt had not left the defenses at Pearl Harbor lax, hoping for just such an attack....
Building an American Constituency
Authors: Fields David P.
Published: September 2019

Chapter 2 examines the lobbying activities of Rhee and the Korean independence movement in the immediate aftermath of the March First Movement and in the context of Woodrow Wilson’s embrace of self-determination as an American war aim. The Koreans used this new American interest in international affairs to expand their lobbying activities beyond those who had been involved in the American missionary effort in Korea. Through grassroots organizing, print media, and Chautauqua lectures, the Koreans established a small but influential constituency of American supporters who were willing to publicly advocate for the Korean cause.
Mr. Rhee Goes to Washington
Authors: Fields David P.
Published: September 2019

Chapter 3 examines how Rhee and the Korean independence movement utilized this constituency to place pressure on American policymakers during the fight over the ratification of the Versailles Treaty and during the Washington Naval Conference of 1921–1922. The chapter pays special attention to the common cause the Korean activists and their American supporters made with the so-called Irreconcilables in the US Senate. The Korean independence movement provided these senators with an “internationalist” justification for opposing the treaty and thus an answer to the charge that they were advocating isolationism. The Koreans in return received an airing of their views in the US Senate and even a vote on a Korean reservation to the Versailles Treaty. While scholars have examined the importance of the issue of the Shantung Peninsula to the case against the Versailles Treaty in the Senate, few have realized that it was the brutal Japanese suppression of the March First Movement that injected such passion into the debate over the Shantung. While Korean activists’ passionate invocations of the American mission during both the fight over the Versailles Treaty and the Washington Naval Conference did not result in any official policy changes toward Korea, they significantly shifted American perceptions of the Japanese colonization of Korea and brought much of informed American public opinion on the situation into sympathy with the Koreans.
The About-Face
Authors: Fields David P.
Published: September 2019

Chapter 5 explores Korean lobbying during World War II. Rhee managed to build on the notoriety he received in the 1920s, but also to adapt his message to take advantage of the anxieties and ambitions of that moment. In the anti-Japanese environment after Pearl Harbor, Rhee was able to portray Korea as the first victim of Japan and to link Theodore Roosevelt’s betrayal of Korea in 1905 to the causes of World War II. Rhee’s assertion that Korean manpower could substitute for American manpower in the Pacific War was far-fetched to the point of deceitful, but it grabbed the attention of Americans with family members in uniform. Rhee’s lecturing, writing, and media appearances during the war turned him into a minor American celebrity and provided the Koreans with new allies across the United States. The complexity of alliance politics with China, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union, coupled with Korean factionalism, prevented the recognition of the Korean Provisional Government during the war. However, Rhee’s lobbying and the sympathy it aroused for Korea was a key factor behind the American decision to suggest the temporary division of Korea.
Introduction
Authors: Cantor Paul A.
Published: September 2019

While acknowledging that the American dream does have a bright side, the introduction explains why we can learn more by examining the portrayal of its dark side in popular culture. Works like the Godfather films and Breaking Bad reveal the inner contradictions and tragic tensions in the American dream. The introduction offers an overview of the book and sketches the ways the chapters build on each other, developing a set of common themes, such as self-invention and imposture. All the works point to the western frontier as the mythical space for American self-fulfillment. The chapter discusses the Western as the archetypal American genre and traces the ways it migrates to other genres, such as science fiction and the gangster story. All these genres offer alternatives to the everyday middle-class world that popular culture normally mirrors, and thereby they raise questions about a narrowly middle-class conception of the American dream.
Aristocracy in America
Authors: Cantor Paul A.
Published: September 2019

The fluidity of identity in democratic America is a central theme in Huckleberry Finn and reveals how the bright side of the American dream is connected to the dark. Released from the shackles of aristocracy in Europe, Americans are free to become the best that they can be and to rise in social and economic position. But a fresh start may easily become a false start, and the freedom to reinvent oneself is also a license to imposture. Thus a novel that celebrates democratic freedom also chronicles the ways that freedom can be abused. In the misadventures of the charlatan king and duke, Twain identifies a problem in the new democracy—its need to find new forms of nobility and thus its nostalgia for the old European aristocratic poses.
“I Believe in America”
Authors: Cantor Paul A. , Cantor Paul A.
Published: September 2019

In his Godfather films, Francis Ford Coppola created American classics by dwelling on a classic American experience—immigration. In the story of the Corleone family, Coppola portrays Sicilian immigrants struggling to create a new and better life in the United States. They must navigate the difficult transition from the Old World to the New, and also from the past to the present, from a quasi-feudal way of life in Sicily to a modern America characterized by impersonal economic relations and corporate organization. Vito Corleone achieves the American dream by succeeding in business and providing for his family, but his hopes for his sons are dashed. Carrying on Vito’s struggle, Michael Corleone defeats all his enemies, and yet in the process he destroys his family. Coppola sees the American dream as a source of tragedy, and this chapter analyzes both Vito and Michael as tragic heroes.
Brothers in Arms
Authors: Benbow Tim
Published: September 2019

During the Second World War, there were intense disputes between the Admiralty and the Air Ministry over the provision of air support for the Battle of the Atlantic. This was not mere inter-service squabbling but the product of deep and long-standing differences about the nature and conduct of war. The Admiralty, fully appreciating the central role of air power in attacking and defending sea communications, repeatedly asked for reinforcement of the under-resourced Coastal Command. The Air Staff, however, consistently and strenuously resisted these requests due to the overwhelming priority it placed on the strategic air offensive against Germany. This chapter by Tim Benbow examines these disputes between 1940 and 1943, assessing the arguments presented by the Air Staff and by the Admiralty. It maintains that the Air Staff was dogmatically fixated on demonstrating that bombing could win the war on its own, despite ample evidence to the contrary, and failed to allocate aircraft appropriately. As a result, the war at sea did not receive the support that its strategic importance justified. It further asserts that Churchill and his government failed to adjudicate effectively on this vital issue as a result of their sloppy and inconsistent approach to setting priorities.
The Cruise of U-188
Authors: Kohnen David
Published: September 2019

This chapter by David Kohnen examines the Allied response to the initial German submarine operations in the Indian Ocean during the Second World War. Roughly forty German submarines sailed for East Asian waters after 1942; U-188 was among the few to navigate the Allied gauntlet in the Atlantic to reach the Indian Ocean. Only three German submarines, including U-188, returned to Europe from operations in the Indian Ocean before the Allied victory in May of 1945. The discussions between key British and American commanders regarding the presence of German submarines in the Indian Ocean provide unique insight into the operations and intelligence organizations of the Admiralty and Navy Department and are examined in detail. The chapter also looks at the Allied submarine tracking rooms, which assisted the Special Operations Executive and Office of Strategic Services in the capture of the skipper of U-188 – thereby securing information on the Imperial Japanese during a critical period in the closing months of the Second World War.
The Archive
Authors: Prag Kay
Published: September 2019

This chapter describes the scale of the project in Jerusalem and the size of the archive created during the seven seasons of excavation which occupied two years in total, with a large staff. The considerations which formed the basis of the archive’s composition, the degree of contemporary subjectivity involved in the process, and the current state of the archive are outlined. It consists of both paper and photographic records, as well as a major study collection of fragmentary pottery, animal bones, coins and diverse materials. Much of the work of publication was based in Toronto and Leiden, and relevant sections of the archive were copied or located there. The major registered finds were retained in Jordan and Israel, the rest distributed widely to supporting institutions. Original card indexes have been replaced by digitisation of the archive. There are some supporting files, metadata relating to the financing and staff. Issues relating to the preservation of archaeological archives and their importance are considered.
The Bronze and Iron Ages in Jerusalem
Authors: Prag Kay
Published: September 2019

Most evidence for the Bronze Age, Iron Age and Post-Exilic settlement of Jerusalem came from Site A on the south-east ridge, and Kenyon unearthed and dated material of almost all these periods, but very little of the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age I. This settlement pattern is reflected to a lesser extent on other sites, but elsewhere occupation of the region appears to continue, in a more dispersed fashion, perhaps partly related to diversification of the inhabitants to a more pastoral economy. Whether the centrality of Jerusalem is linked to its being an ancient place of burial is considered. Other evidence from the archive relates to the reigns of David, Solomon and Nehemiah. Specific issues are addressed, such as the location of the principal administrative buildings and fortifications, the use of volute capitals, the importance of water supply and drainage, and the problem of residuality affecting archaeological dating in Iron Age Jerusalem, which places the emphasis on C14 dating.
The Islamic City, AD 1187–1516: Archaeology and the Human Story
Authors: Prag Kay
Published: September 2019

Personal knowledge of three archaeological sites in different contexts in Jerusalem offered a rare opportunity for an overview of life in the city during the Ayyubid and Mamluk periods. This has permitted a study of intra-site variation, hinting at different communities and their lifestyles. In particular, aspects of craft and trading activities illustrate the economy of the city. The importation of luxury ceramics from Italy and from Syria, and a suggestion of a role in the important silk trade between East and West, illustrate part of a trading network in which pilgrimage to Jerusalem played a significant role. Local commodities, health and the processing and consumption of food also illustrate living standards in a city where there was considerable poverty.
Titles and translation in the field of film restoration
Authors: Dixon Bryony
Published: September 2019

Between the last years of the 1890s and roughly 1929 when full talkies arrived, films were generally a combination of picture and title cards, or intertitles, which began to be used in the early 1900s. As the film trade was international in nature from its earliest days, intertitles needed to be translated. This chapter offers a brief chronology of the intertitle in film, highlighting the difficulties of translating and adapting title cards with decorative backgrounds and sophisticated animated sequences, either at the time the films were made or today for restoration. It also provides three case studies based on restoration projects conducted at the British Film Institute, showing how language and translation issues play their part in the complex reconstruction process.
Universal language, local accent: Music and song in the early talking film
Authors: Brown Geoff
Published: September 2019

With dialogue in early talkies complicating international product exchange, the film industry cherished the notion of music as a ‘universal language’. But this music required degrees of translation, both in the literal textual sense and in the matter of adapting ‘foreign’ customs, cultural and social, and musical styles. This chapter explores the issues principally through case studies of five key singing stars of early American and European sound films: Al Jolson, Maurice Chevalier, Carlos Gardel, Marlene Dietrich, and Richard Tauber. German producer Erich Pommer’s goal of combining universal appeal and nationalistic attractions, most evident in the multilingual Congress Dances, is also explored. After the mid-1930s, film music’s universal language significantly changed in response to technical developments, Hollywood’s solidified world power, and its development of a pervasive orchestral soundtrack style partly shaped by exiled European composers. European elements and local accents remained, but were now subsumed in a global American product.
Film translation in Sweden in the early 1930s
Authors: Natzén Christopher
Published: September 2019

The main focus of this chapter is how the Swedish film industry settled on subtitling as its method of film translation in the late 1920s and early 1930s. The early 1930s saw a gradual shift towards favouring subtitling over dubbing and intertitles. Subtitling was further promoted as new methods for providing the subtitles on the film were developed. A second focus in the chapter is the heightened media sensitivity brought on by dubbing and how this may be related to distributors’ experiments in film translation during the early years of conversion to sound. As the years progressed, a consensus developed in Sweden in favour of subtitling, which was perceived as unobtrusive, since it masked the technical construction of the film medium for those spectators who knew the spoken language in the film.
Conclusion The public face of film translation history
Authors: Cornu Jean-François
Published: September 2019

This concluding chapter goes beyond summing up the main issues addressed in the volume. It emphasises how its methodology was designed to foster an awareness of the significant stakes of film translation history for film history in general. It provides further leads to expand and deepen our knowledge of translated films as essential elements of film history and the film-going experience. A core element of the volume, key archival issues include the accurate identification and cataloguing of prints of translated films: silent films with localised intertitles, dubbed and subtitled versions of talking films. The editors remind the readers how they intend the volume to be a first step in identifying the material aspect of film translation history, and sharing the findings and related excitement with the general public.
Sensory Substitution and the Transparency of Visual Experience
Authors: Smith Barry C.
Published: September 2019

Sensory substitution devices make use of information in one sensory modality to deliver information usually provided by another. But when information usually presented visually is presented to a subject in an auditory or haptic way, is the resulting experience in any sense visual? Or does sensory substitution show that dimensions of experience—about the spatial layout of objects and properties in the environment—that were previously taken to be essentially visual can be experienced in other modalities too? I will consider this question by looking at whether a property such as the transparency of visual experience can be transferred to, and enhance, experience in other modalities.
Sensory Substitution Devices and Behavioural Transference: A Commentary on Recent Work from the Lab of Amir Amedi
Authors: Brown Derek
Published: September 2019

Sensory substitution devices (SSDs) are most familiar from their use with subjects who are deficient in a target modality (e.g. congenitally blind subjects), but there is no doubt that the use and potential value of SSDs extend to persons without such deficits. Recent work by Amedi and his team (in particular Levy-Tzedek et al. 2012) has begun to explore this. Their idea is that SSDs may facilitate behavioural transference (BT) across sense modalities. In this case, a motor skill learned through visual perception might be subsequently employed in response to auditory perception, using an SSD as a mediator. They infer from the existence of such BT that the learned skill is amodally represented. After a brief overview I identify ways to more fully test for BT within this experimental paradigm and argue that their conclusion about amodal representation is premature. Additionally, I argue that their preferred SSD (Eyemusic) is of limited value for the project. While my remarks are critical, my intention is to be constructive, particularly in light of the fact that Levy-Tzedek et al. (2012) is, I believe, the first output from Amedi’s lab concerning this line of research.
Rewired Animals and Sensory Substitution: The Cause Is Not Cortical Plasticity
Authors: O’regan J. Kevin
Published: September 2019

Cortical plasticity is often invoked to explain changes in the quality or location of experience observed in rewired animals, in sensory substitution, in extension of the body through tool use, and in the rubber hand illusion. However this appeal to cortical plasticity may be misleading, because it suggests that the cortical areas that are plastic are themselves the loci of generation of experience. This would be an error, I claim, since cortical areas do not generate experience. Cortical areas participate in enabling the interaction of an agent with its environment, and the quality of this interaction constitutes the quality of experience. Thus it is not plasticity in itself, but the change in modes of interaction which plasticity allows, which gives rise to the change of experience observed in these studies.
What is Forced Labour? A Practical Guide for Humanities and Social Science Research
Authors: Allain Jean
Published: September 2019

This practical guide provides a baseline understanding of the concept of forced labour to assist researchers in the humanities and social sciences ensure their representations of the phenomenon are rigorous and credible. While recognising the limitations of the 1930 ILO Convention definition of forced labour, this Chapter provides helpful guidance in understanding what does – and what does not – constitute forced labour. Summarised in 10 Practical Points for Understanding Forced Labour, this Chapter helps researchers build a baseline understanding of forced labour by providing a dozen helpful markers to ensure that those within the humanities and social sciences are speaking the same language when they represent the phenomenon of forced labour.
Transparent Companies? Legal Research Strategies to Understand Forced Labour in Global Supply Chains
Authors: Rühmkorf Andreas
Published: September 2019

Private commercial relationships constitute significant practical challenges for researchers analysing issues of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), such as forced labour in global supply chains. The private nature of commercial relations means that freedom of information requests are not available. One way for researchers to study forced labour in global supply chains, therefore, is to use information made available by the corporations themselves. This Chapter draws on empirical legal research methods to explore the value of publicly available documents on how companies address CSR issues. It argues that, despite some limitations, it is possible to use data that is available on company websites such as codes of conduct, terms and conditions of purchase and nonfinancial reporting to assess business practices. These documents can complement both traditional doctrinal legal research of cases and statutes and research from other disciplines, thus providing new opportunities for research on forced labour in global supply chains.
The Role of Discourse Analysis in Researching Severe Labour Exploitation
Authors: Caruana Robert
Published: September 2019

Investigating severe forms of labour exploitation presents a series of particular methodological challenges to researchers in the field, including access to respondents, credibility of data, reliability of measures, researcher ethics and the practical and political dimensions of study design. For researchers embarking on qualitative approaches – whether it involves interviews, ethnography and/or documentary forms of analysis – this Chapter seeks to illuminate the potential of a discursive approach to understanding severe forms of labour exploitation. It aims specifically to help understand how severe forms of labour exploitation are variously constructed as an object of knowledge/s, and how this construction is always contingent upon socio-political con/texts. To this end it recommends the investigation of texts as data, proceeding to discuss some interpretive work generated from an early-stage analysis of media, government and civil society discourses surrounding the UK Modern Slavery Act 2015.
Archival Trouble: Researching Sex Trafficking in Early Twentieth-Century America
Authors: Pliley Jessica R.
Published: September 2019

This Chapter examines the challenges that historians face when researching illicit labour and the shadow economy – in this case, prostitution and sex trafficking. It argues that generating reliable data about the extent of prostitution and sex trafficking continues to be an insurmountable challenge for historians, just as it was for the historical subjects historians study. It notes that like today’s debates about what practices actually constitute forced labour, the parameters of the term ‘white slavery’ were similarly contested. And it suggests that political forces produced the quantifiable data about white slavery, but the very archives that house the sources historians use are themselves political spaces and function to legitimize state power, reformers’ values, and narratives where the ‘victim’ was rendered silent.
Milton and Ariosto
Authors: Gregory Tobias
Published: September 2019

How did Milton read Ariosto? The standard account holds that he admired Orlando Furioso in his youth and dismissed it in his maturity, rejecting chivalric romance in Paradise Lost as ‘the skill of artifice or office mean’. This essay revisits the question. It finds a stronger and more positive connection between the Furioso and Paradise Lost in the two poems’ expansive sense of space, and in several prominent Ariostan allusions in Milton’s epic.
The Man Who Came to Read the Metre
Authors: Hall Lee
Published: September 2019

A personal memoir of how Tony Harrison influenced both my work personally and my generation of playwrights in general. From a meeting in Newcastle Upon Tyne when I was a teenager to his guidance as a beacon for an engaged theatre that dealt with power and class I trace his journey which like mine was from a strong Northern working class community to the main stages of the National Theatre. His example of integrating the traditions of Popular Theatre with the Classical, the tribulations of being a working-class scholar and the ambitions of his formal and thematic concerns have been exemplary not only to me but to my generation of theatre makers.
‘v.’ Revisited: Harrison, Rimbaud and the French Radical Tradition
Authors: Regan Christine
Published: September 2019

In v. ‘Tony Harrison’ explains his essential identity as an unlikely union of high cultural poet and dispossessed vandal, an idiosyncratic loner who finds his ghostly twin in a nineteenth-century French poet, Rimbaud. To understand the significance of Harrison’s claim that he is as one in spirit with Rimbaud, it is important to remember that the literary and political rebel was a poet of the Paris Commune, and v. is responsive to the literary and republican history Rimbaud lived in. In v. Harrison’s signature poetics of occupation engages with Parisian’s aesthetic and political occupation of their city in 1871 and 'artisanal' political poetry. As poet-mythologers, Harrison and Rimbaud champion traditions of resistance to the state and capital, illuminating the shared hopes uniting different struggles. The significance of the 1984 miners’ strike, Thatcher, Marx and Morris for Harrison’s state of the nation poem, and for the political sonnets, is discussed too. v. suggests alternative social models to Thatcher’s neoliberal revolution and late capitalism in England, and suggests the wish for fundamental change. The past is full of paths not taken, and v. suggests visiting Paris 1871, with Rimbaud as ‘the first poet of a civilization that has not yet appeared’, to illuminate utopian possibilities about transforming the world and ‘changer la vie’.
A Poet behind the Camera
Authors: Symes Peter
Published: September 2019

In this chapter Peter Symes explores Tony Harrison’s film-poems, describing how over the last four decades the poet has constantly experimented and learned from discovery, hard graft, trial and error. Taking three detailed examples, he outlines how Harrison has developed the form, and how the use of verse can intensify and illuminate the visual in ways not possible with prose. Harrison prefaced his major feature film, Prometheus, with Pasolini’s words: ‘to make films is to be a poet’. He has managed to invert that. He is a poet who makes film
Modernism and the ‘Double Consciousness’ of Myth in Tony Harrison’s Poetry and Metamorpheus
Authors: Rowland Antony
Published: September 2019

This chapter looks at the relationship between Tony Harrison’s work and the legacies of modernism. In the dominant version of Harrison’s relationship with modernism, the poet undergoes a ‘Eureka’ moment akin to Philip Larkin’s repudiation of Yeats when the Leeds poet begins to write The School of Eloquence sequence: switching to the example of Thomas Hardy, Larkin no longer wished, he contested, to ‘jack himself up’ into poetry, just as Harrison desires to be the poet that ‘blokes in the boozer’ might read. However, as with Larkin’s deployment of symbolist verse and references to T. S. Eliot in his later poetry, Harrison’s work does not simply repudiate modernism either. Harrison’s apparently antipathetic response to modernist literature seems to be encapsulated in Desmond Graham’s chapter on Harrison’s early poetry, in which he depicts the Leeds poet at Poetry and Audience editorial meetings, mimicking Eliot’s voice and demeanour. Yet the poetry tells a different story. In his first full collection, The Loiners, Harrison engages with a number of modernist antecedents, including Arthur Rimbaud, Joseph Conrad and Charles Baudelaire. This chapter then focuses on the modernist ‘double consciousness’ of myth that Harrison then draws on, and refines, throughout his oeuvre. Writers such as James Joyce and T.S. Eliot were the first authors to herald an intensification of writing about myth that fictionalises mythic characters rather than retaining them as symbols and narrative ballast. I explore how Harrison utilises this ‘double consciousness’ in his film-poem Metamorpheus and in the poem ‘The Grilling’ from Under the Clock.
Afterword
Authors: Eyre Richard
Published: September 2019

Forgive me, Tony, if I celebrate

Your birthday in a form you’ve made your own

And in the same metre try to imitate

What is your literary flesh and bone.

I know that imitation’s flattery’s mate —

Priestly genuflections and flunkeys’ bows

Are society’s icing, which of course you hate:...
The Four Seasons of Boeotian, and Particularly Thespian, Onomastics
Authors: Knoepfler Denis
Published: September 2019

More than Euboea, Boeotia lends itself to a diachronic study of personal names since the epigraphic evidence is evenly distributed across the centuries, from the 5th BC to the third century. AD. Using a seasonal metaphor; the spring season of Boeotian onomastics extends from the archaic period to the 4th century BC. For Thespiae it is represented by the great funerary monument for the battle of Delion (424) with more than a hundred names, of which many are hapax legomena. Summer is incontestably the high Hellenistic period, down to the middle of the 2nd century BC. This is also the best documented period, thanks to military catalogues. It is only around 150 BC that the autumn of Boeotian onomastics takes over from the phase here treated as the summer. Thespiae offers abundant material and is marked by the conspicuous growth in names of PanHellenic character without, however, the complete disappearance of epichoric, in particular, theophoric, names. The decrease in inscriptions after the middle of the 3rd century justifies regarding this period as a kind of late autumn of Boeotian anthroponymy, even if the most radical rupture did not occur until the beginning of the Byzantine period in the strict sense.
Δημοκράτης‎ the Democrat?
Authors: Lambert Stephen
Published: September 2019

This paper discusses the name Δημοκράτης‎ as an interesting case of a name whose connotation was fluid according to context and to changes over time in language and political culture. The earliest occurrence of the name at Athens, for the father of Lysis of the eponymous Platonic dialogue, is conventionally taken as very early evidence for the emergence of the language of ‘democracy’. Pointing out that, in ancient Greek, there is no word δημοκρατής‎, cognate with ‘democrat’ and its equivalents in English and other modern European languages, the paper argues that that the primary connotation of Δημοκράτης‎, a name which existed before the word ‘δημοκρατία‎’, was someone who ‘possessed power over or among the People’. It also argues, however, that, once the abstract term δημοκρατία‎ and its cognate verb δημοκρατέομαι‎ existed, ‘Δημοκράτης‎’ could not, to be sure, mean ‘democrat’, but, according to context, could connote democracy in a much looser way.
Cultura organizacional: análise e impactos no processo de gestão local
Authors: Rossini Clauber de Oliveira , Bendassolli Bianca Rocha
Published: September 2019

A cultura organizacional, desde a década de 1980, tem sido alvo de estudos e pesquisas acerca de sua importância dentro das empresas, principalmente no sentido de que possui a possibilidade de impactar, de forma positiva ou negativa, diversos aspectos motivacionais e de clima organizacional, o que afeta diretamente a produtividade e, consequentemente, a lucratividade ou prejuízo final. Este trabalho teve como objetivo revisar as expressões da cultura organizacional nas empresas, e seus impactos gerais no processo de gestão, buscando, assim, contribuir para a criação de estratégias em que gestores empreguem a cultura organizacional a favor da organização. Os gestores devem conhecer o modelo de cultura de sua organização, para conseguirem traçar planos de administração estratégica, utilizando-se dos pontos fortes e positivos de sua cultura, e devem socializar tais conhecimentos, via exemplos ou por treinamentos formais aos seus subordinados. O uso estratégico de um modelo cultural forte deve considerar a cultura local ou regional, além de se destinar total atenção no processo de compartilhamento dos atributos, avaliando não somente as habilidades dos candidatos, como também seus valores e costumes, o que pode ser de grande valia para a chave do sucesso empreendedor. Valores similares aos valores da organização contribuem preventivamente para um melhor clima organizacional e para mitigar divergências culturais.
Interventions fondées sur les déterminants sociaux de la santé : quelles implications pour le travail social structurel?
Authors: Buetti David , Taylor Susannah , Lapierre Simon
Published: September 2019

À partir de la perspective structurelle en travail social, cet article fait une analyse critique des écrits portant sur des déterminants sociaux de la santé. En particulier, il examine leur portée sur le plan de l’intervention – notamment celle qui vise le changement social et la justice sociale. À la suite d’une recherche documentaire portant sur l’approche axée sur les déterminants sociaux de la santé, les auteurs soulèvent trois préoccupations quant à son utilisation dans les interventions sociales : a) une quête d’objectivité pouvant évacuer les subjectivités individuelles ; b) des positionnements apolitiques favorisant le statu quo en société ; c) la tendance à miser sur des stratégies d’intervention qui renforcent l’idée de responsabilité individuelle. L’approche fondée sur les déterminants sociaux, comme les approches structurelles, met l’accent sur les conditions externes aux individus qui limitent l’actualisation de leur potentiel, mais force est de constater que la portée de l’analyse et des actions privilégiées la distingue clairement des approches plus structurelles.
The literary Bond
Authors: Hines Claire
Published: September 2019

This chapter deals with the first phase in the formal relationship between Playboy, Ian Fleming and the Bond novels, which began in 1960 and lasted up to the middle of the decade. During this time, Fleming and his writing made regular appearances in Playboy, and there began a direct relationship between the author, the literary James Bond and Hefner’s men’s magazine that blurred the lines between real life and fiction. The chapter also considers how Fleming and the Bond novels endorsed Playboy, and how Playboy endorsed Fleming and the Bond novels, against the backdrop of James Bond’s introduction into American popular culture. Examples considered include Fleming’s Thrilling Cities trip to Chicago, his ‘Playboy Interview’, and the presentation of the Bond stories and serialisations as part of Playboy’s ‘Entertainment for Men’ formula. The chapter concludes by identifying that Fleming’s death in 1964 and the growing popularity of the Bond films in the mid-1960s, in association with the strength of Sean Connery’s public identification with the character of Bond, meant that as the decade continued Playboy’s relationship with James Bond entered its next phase.
The consumer bond
Authors: Hines Claire
Published: September 2019

This chapter maintains the focus on the 1960s, framing a discussion about similarities between the lifestyle habits and style of Playboy magazine and James Bond within the essential context of male consumerism and the rise of consumer culture, in that they both function effectively as consumer guides. The chapter sets out to identify and discuss some illustrative examples of this connection between Bond and Playboy in the decade and a half after they were created, especially in terms of consumer preferences, style and taste. There are obvious but important similarities in the ways that Playboy and the Bond novels and Sean Connery-era films operate as consumerist fantasies, identified with exclusive or expensive brand-named products, gadgetry, travel, fashion, food and drink, and defined by an attention to detail, as this chapter illustrates.
Introduction
Authors: Machelidon Véronique , Saveau Patrick
Published: September 2019

Retracing and resisting the long and controversial use of the terms “beur” and “post-beur” first coined by literary critics of immigration literature and cinema, this preface affirms the central place of a new generation of authors with roots in North Africa, who use French as their language of choice in film, television, or literature in order to break the chains of ideological, literary, memorial, spatial, gender, sexual and ethnic constraints. These new writers and filmmakers stage identity in flux, undermine the ideological division of cultural space, engage in postmemorial work, and collapse clichés and stereotypes. The preface continues to define the orientation of the whole volume, which does not seek to examine literature in contrast with film or television, but instead emphasizes the common strategies and themes that bridge the generic divide and define the joint cultural corpus dedicated to the issues of immigration to France and of post-colonial heritage. The preface further outlines the theoretical perspectives used in the essays and pays tribute to the works of Fiona Barclay, Stuart Hall, Alec Hargreaves, Will Higbee, Marianne Hirsch, Benjamin Stora, Carrie Tarr, and others.
They had a dream: out-marching exclusion and hatred
Authors: Boutouba Jimia
Published: September 2019

This chapter demonstrates how Moroccan-Belgian filmmaker Nabil Ben Yadir’s La Marche presents the 1983 March for Equality and against Racism as a political praxis and a metaphor for homecoming. As a group, the march connotes desired community and emotional togetherness. It promotes anchoring visions of solidarity and connectedness across gender, class, racial and sexual divides. As a metaphor, the marching group becomes a political mode of existence. In La Marche, Ben Yadir thus offers an oppositional gaze to dominant politics and a substantial project, in the shape of a narrative of mobility that moves away from allocated places and the suppressed speech of the ‘unaccounted for’ to formulated politics and discourse.
Religion, regulation, consumption
Authors: Lever John , Fischer Johan
Published: September 2019

This book explores the emergence and expansion of global kosher and halal markets with a particular focus on the UK and Denmark. Kosher is a Hebrew term meaning “fit” or “proper” while halal is an Arabic word that literally means “permissible” or “lawful”. This is the first book of its kind to explore kosher and halal comparatively at different levels of the social scale such as individual consumption, the marketplace, religious organisations and the state. Within the last two decades or so, kosher and halal markets have become global in scope and states, manufacturers, restaurants, shops, certifiers and consumers around the world are faced with ever stricter and more complex kosher and halal requirements. The book is based on extended periods of research carried out in the UK and Denmark where kosher and halal are of particular significance. The research question in this book is: What are the consequences of globalising kosher and halal markets? This book argues that the similarities and differences between kosher and halal consumption, production and regulation in different national contexts are not well understood. We further argue that to better understand global kosher and halal markets these should be explored at different levels of the social scale. The book will be appropriate for students in a variety of upper-level undergraduate courses and graduate seminars as well as academics of food (science), sociology/anthropology, religion, globalisation, politics, economics, business/management as well as companies that are or want to be kosher/halal certified. It will also be of interest to religious organisations and policy makers.
‘My dearest Tussy’: coping with separation during the Napoleonic Wars (the Fremantle papers, 1800–14)
Authors: Chalus Elaine
Published: September 2019

This chapter draws the unpublished diaries of Elizabeth (Betsey) Wynne Fremantle, 1801-14, and her correspondence with her naval husband, Captain Thomas Francis Fremantle, during the Napoleonic Wars. It examines a working naval marriage that developed into a trusted, complementary partnership and explores the way that the couple dealt with separation through their correspondence. The intertwining of family, navy and nation in the Fremantles’ correspondence – striving to establish themselves and better their families’ future prospects – is representative of many ambitious naval couples of the time. By the time that the war was finally over, their family had grown to eight living children, their estate had been expanded significantly, and the family’s naval, social and political position was well on the way to being secured. Betsey Fremantle played no small part in these achievements and this chapter’s examination of her contributions throws light on the role of the Georgian naval officer’s wife in time of war. It highlights the nature of female agency and examines the women’s part in the development and deployment of vitally important personal, social and political networks in forwarding naval family interests.
The Admiralty’s gaze: disciplining indecency and sodomy in the Edwardian fleet
Authors: Conley Mary
Published: September 2019

This article examines the ways that the British Admiralty treated both acts and allegations of indecency during the early twentieth century. Despite the trope of the gay sailor, remarkably little attention has been devoted to the history of homosexuality in the Victorian and Edwardian British navy. The article historicizes the role that the state has played in disciplining sexuality and the potential effect that such efforts had upon the maintenance of discipline and efficiency of the fleet. While few personal accounts have been left, courts-martial cases offer a lens to understand how sex was expressed afloat. The source base for this article includes select courts-martial cases of indecency that are contextualized with a broader statistical survey of Admiralty disciplinary records pertaining to indecency. Research from these courts-martial records suggests the limited effects of punitive disciplinary reforms in deterring acts of indecency and the difficulties that the Admiralty faced in policing men’s sexual activities aboard ship. In particular the article finds that a significant proportion of these cases involved boy ratings as both perpetrators and victims.
Britain and the sea: new histories
Authors: Rüger Jan
Published: September 2019

This conclusion builds on the varied contribution to the volume by outlining how naval histories can impact on the wider discipline of history. It also considers some of the scholarly questions prompted by the volume, and offers thoughts on the future of naval history.
The extent of bastardy among the elite
Authors: Thornton Tim , Carlton Katharine
Published: September 2019

This chapter explores the extent of bastardy among the nobility and gentry, using a variety of sources, especially wills, property transactions and court records. It compares numbers of births and rates of bastardy among the elite with overall and non-elite bastardy rates, suggesting that although there are some correlations with levels of bastard-bearing among the poor, the peaks of activity in the mid-sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries do not correlate clearly. There are also clear regional and sub-regional variations to be observed, in particular of north versus south, and within the north in the north west and far north east, although any attempt to see the developments of the period as producing a clear distinction between a bastard-prone north and west, and a non-bastard-prone south and east is not supported by the evidence.