bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the Idea Workshop Model (IWM) on Attitudes Towards Turkish as a Foreign Language
Authors: Hilmi SAĞLAM Mehmet , GÖKTENTÜRK Talha , YAZICI Emre
Published: October 2022

Yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenme alanındaki araştırmalar için modellerin yeni dil öğrenmeye yönelik tutuma etkisi şu ana kadar az ilgi görmüş başlıklardan biridir. Yeni modellerin geliştirilmesi öğrenme ve öğretme süreçlerinin verimliliğine
de katkı sağlama ihtimali sunmaktadır. Yabancılara Türkçe öğretiminde ise model geliştirme çalışmalarına az yer verildiği görülmektedir. Modellerin uygulanması ise çok yönlü olarak öğrenme hedeflerinin gerçekleşmesine katkı sunmaktadır.
Bu sebeple çalışmada araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilmiş olan Düşünce Atölyesi Modelinin (DAM) yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenmeye yönelik tutuma etkisi incelenmiştir. 2017-2018 eğitim-öğretim yılında C1 seviyesindeki akademik
Türkçe kurundaki öğrencilere yapılan araştırmanın katılımcılarını deney grubunda Yıldız TÖMER (n= 12), kontrol grubunu ise AİBÜ TÖMER (n= 14) öğrencileri oluşturmuştur. Katılımcıların yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenmeye yönelik
tutumu ise ön-test son-test yarı-deneyli desende incelenmiştir. Ayrıca deney sürecini daha iyi anlayabilmek için yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yoluyla veri toplanmış ve rapora eklenmiş, böylece deneyin farklı değişkenlerdeki muhtemel
etkilerinin de kaydedilmesi istenmiştir. Sonuçlar deney grubu puanlarının kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı seviyede iyileşme olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Ayrıca nitel verilerden elde edilen sonuçlar da modelin iletişim becerileri ve
eleştirel düşünme becerilerinde katkı sağladığına işaret etmektedir. Böylece Düşünce Atölyesi modelinin yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenmeye yönelik tutum başta olmak üzere akademik Türkçe seviyesindeki öğrencilerin iletişim becerileri
ve eleştirel düşünme değişkenleri için çok yönlü katkı sunma potansiyeline sahip olduğu söylenebilir. Sonuçlar ışığında Düşünce Atölyesi modelinin yabancı dil olarak Türkçenin öğretiminde kullanılması faydalı olabileceği görülmüştür.
Bu doğrultuda farklı gruplarda yapılacak uygulamalar modelin etkilerinin daha derinlikli anlaşılmasına katkı sunacaktır.
Comparison of Plaque Removal Efficacy of Toothbrush with Bristle Containing Neem and Charcoal for Maintaining Oral Hygiene: A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Somnathe Shwetal , Madhu Priyanka Paul , Chhabra Kumar Gaurav , Chapade Abhilasha , Gothane Darshana
Published: October 2022

Introduction: To facilitate good oral health, plaque control by toothbrushing is of utmost importance. The poor oral hygiene leads to accumulation of plaque and calculus. It is the primary etiological factor for gingival diseases. Aim: To compare the plaque removal efficacy of toothbrush bristles containing neem and charcoal to assess the effect on oral hygiene. Materials And Methods: This was a double-blind, randomised clinical trial conducted among 30 participants of age 33 to 44 years, who reported to the Outpatient Department of Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Maharashtra, India, for 21 days, in April 2021. Neem and charcoal toothbrushes were given to allotted participants and plaque index was measured at baseline, 7th day, and 15th day. For intergroup and intragroup comparison Independent t test and repeated measures ANOVA tests were used. Results: The mean plaque score of neem toothbrush and charcoal toothbrush at baseline was 2.13 and 2.18 and, on day 7th was 1.79 and 1.48, respectively. No significant difference was found between the plaque scores of both the groups at baseline and seven days. However, a statistically significant difference was observed in the plaque index at 15th day between neem (1.21) and charcoal (0.61) groups with p=0.004. Conclusion: According to the present study results, when compared to neem toothbrushes, charcoal toothbrushes had greater plaque control efficacy for maintaining good oral hygiene.
Effect of Mobile Phone Radiation on Parotid and Submandibular Salivary GlandsAn Ultrasonographic Study
Authors: Yendluru Mercy Sravanthi , Rana Priyanka , Sekhar M Chandra , Varthi G David Chakra , Suresh D , Nagajyothi P , Meghana Gandham , Solanke Soni
Published: October 2022

Introduction: In this era of digitalism, mobile phones have become a cultural accessory. Frequent smartphone usage results in possible adverse effects from low radiofrequency radiation and thermal effect emitted by these devices. One of the major concerns is salivary glands as the mobile phones are held against the side of face in close proximity to these glands. Aim: To assess the effect of cell phone radiation on the volume, systolic velocity, salivary flow rate of parotid and submandibular gland between the dominant and non dominant side of mobile phone users. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology with the sample size of 100 (50 males and 50 females). Inclusion criteria were based on the frequency of mobile phone usage of more than two hours per day. Mobile phone usage was determined based on patient’s answer to the questionnaire. Ultrasonography (USG) of both parotid and submandibular gland was done bilaterally to measure the volume of the glands and Colour Doppler of external carotid artery to measure systolic velocity. Modified Schirmer tear strips were used bilaterally to measure unstimulated salivary flow rate. The data was entered into MS excel and significance was calculated using independent sample t-test. Results: In parotid gland, mean volume, mean systolic velocity and mean salivary flow rate were of higher value in the dominant side (14.22±2.17 mL; 15.14±3.74 cm/s; 0.37±0.26 mm/5 mins) compared to the non dominant side (13.76±2.14 mL; 14.53±3.39 cm/s; 0.24±0.2 mm/5 mins). In submandibular gland, mean volume, mean systolic velocity and mean salivary flow rate were of higher value in the dominant side (9.60±1.96 mL; 15.70±6.44 cm/s; 0.30±0.22 mm/5 mins) compared to the non dominant side (8.88±2.17 mL; 13.87±4.83 cm/s; 0.26±0.21 mm/5 mins). Conclusion: The volume, systolic velocity of blood flow, the salivary flow rate, of the parotid gland and submandibular gland were significantly more on the dominant side than the non dominant side of mobile phone usage. The study emphasised that prolonged mobile phone usage causes biological changes in salivary glands and its flow rate.
Effect of Various Concentrations of Sodium Hypochlorite on the Microhardness of Bulkfill Restorative Composite Resin used as a Pre-endodontic Restoration
Authors: Patil Anuradha , Sangle Priyanka , Sumanthini MV , Satpute Tanvi , Naik Divya , Ghosh Antara
Published: October 2022

Introduction: A four-walled access cavity plays a vital role in successful endodontic treatment. The materials used for preendodontic restoration are flowable composites, restorative composite resins, packable composite resins, silver amalgam, or glass ionomer cement. Researchers have claimed that exposure of composite resins to low pH liquids and root canal irrigants can have a deleterious effect on their physical and mechanical properties. Aim: To evaluate the microhardness of a bulk-fill restorative composite resin material before and after being exposed to distilled water, 1% sodium hypochlorite, 3% sodium hypochlorite, and 5% sodium hypochlorite. Materials and Methods: This was an in-vitro experimental study that was conducted at the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, M.G.M Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, over a period of eight months from January 2021 till August 2021. Total 32 disc-shaped samples were made from a bulk-fill restorative composite resin, 3MTM Filtek Bulk fill posterior restorative composite resin (3MTM, St. Paul, MN, USA). Each disc was prepared using polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) molds of 10 mm inner diameter and 4 mm depth. The bulkfill composite resin discs were randomly divided into four main groups, group 1 (distilled water), group 2 (1% NaOCl), group 3 (3% NaOCl), and group 4 (5% NaOCl), with eight samples in each group. Baseline Vickers hardness testing was performed for each group using a 100 gram load and a dwell time of 10 seconds before being immersed in the irrigation solution. Pre and post immersion microhardness measurements were done on the same surface of each sample (top surface). Data obtained were subjected to normality tests. Further statistical analysis was done using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by the Games-Howell test for pair-wise comparisons. Results: Irrespective of the different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite irrigant, all samples showed a reduction in microhardness of bulk-fill composite restorative resin. The post immersion microhardness mean values were highest in group 1 (63.06) and lowest in group 4 (58.42), and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). No statistical difference was seen between group 3 and group 4. On intragroup comparison, all the groups show statistically highly significant difference between pre and post immersion microhardness values {Paired-t test (p<0.05)}. Conclusion: Microhardness of bulk-fill composite restorative resin was lowered by different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite irrigant.
Role of Serum Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) Concentration in Patients with Primary Hypertension: A Case-control Study
Authors: Tripathy Suman , Devi Nirupama , Pradhan Devi Prasad , Padhy Rasmita Kumari , Panda Sucheta , Onkar Sudipta
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Serum Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RBP4), an adipokine that transports vitamin A from the liver to other tissues, is reported to be elevated in hypertensive subjects. Positive correlation between RBP4 and cardiovascular risk factors has been noted in a few studies. Aim: To evaluate serum RBP4 levels in newly diagnosed primary hypertensive cases and non hypertensive controls and to correlate serum RBP4 levels with lipid profile. Materials and Methods:This case-control study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry in collaboration with the Department of Medicine, from August 2019 to June 2020 in MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India. A total of 51 newly diagnosed primary hypertensive patients and 51 healthy age and sex-matched individuals between the ages of 18 to 50 years were enrolled in the study. Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure (SBP and DBP) were measured in both cases and controls.Serum RBP4 was measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and other biochemical parameters were measured by TBA120FR autoanalyser. Result: The mean age for controls was 36.98±8.7 years and that in cases was 39.00±8.4 years. Proportion of males was higher (56.8%) than females (43.2%). The mean systolic blood pressure in the case group was significantly higher as compared to the control group. The cases had a higher level of serum RBP4 (31.82 mg/L) compared to the control groups (15.5 mg/L) RBP4 (p<0.001). The cases had a higher level of mean serum triglyceride (196.20±67.81 mg/dL) and lower level of mean serum High-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) (37.53±11.90 mg/dL) as compared to the control groups which had a mean triglyceride of 104.25±39.89 mg/dL and HDLc of 57.18±10.73 mg/dL (p<0.001). The serum RBP4 level positively correlated with SBP (r=0.644, p<0.001), DBP (r=0.444, p<0.001), serum triglycerides (r=0.649, p<0.001), and negatively correlated with HDLc (r=-0.313, p=0.025). Conclusion: A high serum RBP4 level was found in the newly diagnosed hypertensive cases as compared to normotensive controls. A significant positive correlation was observed between RBP4 with systolic and diastolic blood pressure along with triglyceride levels. A significant negative correlation was observed between RBP4 with HDLc.
Experience of Nursing Interns during COVID-19 in Taif University, Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Alkarani Ahmed S
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) has affected nursing staff and students mentally and physically due to their role in the frontline fighting the virus. However, data on the effect of COVID-19 on nursing students are limited and there have been no studies about Saudi nursing intern experience during this crisis. Aim: To explore the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on nursing students during their interns at hospitals and how they dealt with the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was done where 12 interviews were conducted among nursing student at the Nursing Department in the College of Applied Medical Science at Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted from January 01 to April 10, 2021. The descriptive method was used to collect, understand, organise and represent in depth data. All the nursing student participants were interns and started their intern programmes during the COVID-19 pandemic. All interviews were auto-recorded, transcribed and analysed using a thematic method. Results: The four themes which emerged from findings were: student plans during COVID-19; students’ perspectives of the nursing profession; intern students’ mental states; and hospital roles. Conclusion: While the virus may negatively affect the experience of nursing intern students, the support of the media and society towards nursing staff during the pandemic has encouraged them significantly. So this study recommended that nursing stakeholders collaborate with the media to create greater interaction and embrace the nursing profession for younger generations.
A Rapid Review on Nordic Walking as a Novel Approach to RehabilitationExercise or Sport?
Authors: Bhakaney Pallavi Rajeshwar , Vardhan Vishnurajeshwar
Published: October 2022

Nordic Walking (NW) is an advanced walking technique that combines walking with the use of poles, responsible core as well as upper body conditioning. This review was documented to focus on the literature regarding the use of NW in rehabilitation. A thorough search of articles from databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Pedro, Cinhal, EBSCO) was conducted to identify randomised control trials done on NW. Ten randomised control trials were found and discussed in this review. The trials discussed the efficacy of NW on functional capacity, quality of life, gait patterns, balance strength, weight, ejection fraction, psychological parameters, and blood composition in various populations such as patients with Parkinson’s disease, elderly women, post menopausal women, lung transplants. The results of the study prove that NW can be used as a safe and efficient method of rehabilitating patients.
Comparison of Optical Properties of Clear Aligners Before and After In-vivo Aging
Authors: Gold Binu Punnoose , Sangeetha Duraisamy , Kannan Ravi
Published: October 2022

Introduction: There is a rising demand for clear aligners among orthodontic patients and after the expiry of Invisalign patent many indigenous aligners have been introduced in several part of the globe including India. The major advantage of the aligners is its invisibility which is attributed to its unique optical properties. The optical properties vary between different aligners and any changes in the optical properties during the clinical use is an important factor to be considered. Aim: To evaluate and compare the optical properties of three different types of indigenous clear orthodontic aligners before and after in-vivo aging. Materials and Methods: A prospective clinical study was conducted in the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, August 2021 to December 2021. Total 36 volunteers participated in the study and were divided into three study groups. In group A subjects had Clearbite aligners (JJ Orthodontics Pvt. Ltd, Thrissur, Kerala), group B had Dentcare clear aligners (Dent Care Dental Lab Pvt. Ltd. Ernakulum, Kerala) and group C had Smile aligners (smile aligners Inc. Mumbai, Maharashtra). Polyvinyl siloxane impression of the maxillary arch was obtained and sent for the fabrication of two sets of clear aligners. One set of aligners were used to measure absorbance and transmittance before invivo aging and another set after an intraoral use of 14 days. The measurement of absorbance and transmittance were made at the wavelength range of 400-700 nm using a Shimadzu UV-3600i Plus UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer. Intergroup and intragroup comparisons were done using Independent sample t-test and One way ANOVA. Results: In all the three groups of aligners evaluated, an increase in the absorbance values was noted at all the wavelengths after in-vivo aging but the increase was not statistically significant (p-value >0.05). Transmittance values of group A samples reduced after in-vivo aging but not significantly, whereas group B values reduced significantly between 400-440 nm (p-value <0.05) and group C values reduced significantly between 400-460 nm and 680-700 nm (p-value <0.05). Intergroup comparison of the mean absorbance and transmittance values of the group A, B and C samples before and after in-vivo aging showed no significant difference at all wavelengths (p-value >0.05). Conclusion: The absorbance and transmittance values of all the three indigenous aligners did not change significantly after invivo aging at most of the evaluated wavelengths.
From Structuring Cotton Fields to Restructuring Farming Families: Social and Environmental Transformation in Northern Benin
Authors: N’goye Gnon Clotilde Bio , Egah Janvier , Baco Mohamed Nasser
Published: October 2022

Farms in cotton production areas in West Africa have been undergoing environmental, economic, and social transformation, which is contributing to a restructuring of families. Drawing on sociological theories on family models and the functioning of agricultural families, this study collected data through formal and informal interviews with 349 randomly selected cotton producers in Northern Benin. Focus group interviews were also conducted. Data analysis was done through speech analysis and quantitative methods. Results revealed the crucial role of cotton production in the transformation of agrarian systems and land use. Cotton production has become the mainstay of farm development in cotton-growing regions. The economic and technical transformation of farms in the region resulted in significant changes in the allocation of production factors within households as well as in the structure of families. Furthermore, new economic and social challenges led to a decentralization of farm manager responsibilities, and the redistribution of roles and resources. Overall, new forms of farm management emerged within families, which are gradually becoming restructured. Families agricultural models are increasingly fragmenting towards nuclear models. The multiplication of decision-making units coupled with the fragmentation of farm assets calls into question farm sustainability. This study sheds light on the ongoing process in Benin’s cotton zones and the issue of their sustainability.
Adoption Level of Rural Women about Storage Structure and Practices for Storing Grains
Authors: Antim . , Doharey R. K. , Kumar Manoj
Published: October 2022

The study was carried out during the year 2013-2014 in the Faizabad district because of its location nearer to the university campus. Out of 11 Community Development(CD) Blocks in Faizabad, the Sohaval block was selected purposively 4 villages were selected randomly for this study. A complete list of all the farmers in the selected village was prepared based on 4 categories i.e. marginal, small, medium, and large. A sample of 100 respondents was selected from said categories through proportionate random sampling techniques and the author herself collected data with help of the presented interview schedule. The results of the study depicted majority of respondents (95%) were found to be adopting gunny bags. None of the respondents was found to be adopting modern storage structures. The majority of the respondent (59%) were found to have a medium level of adoption of food grain storage structure. The maximum number of respondents (50%) were having a medium level of adoption of food grain treatment. The maximum number of respondents (72%) was found in the medium level of the overall average adoption score category.
Assessment of Credit Risk Identification on Loan Repayment Performance of Saccos in Imenti South Sub-county, Meru, Kenya
Authors: Gitonga Mercy Ngugi , Mutembei Christopher
Published: October 2022

With the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic the economic status in the country has drastically changed due to the loss of livelihood of many citizens. Repayment of loans has been affected and thus there is need to assess the effect of credit risk identification on the loan repayment performance of SACCOs in Imenti South Sub-county, Meru. The study adopted a correlation research design to establish the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The target population for this study was 36 employees employed by SACCOs in Imenti South Sub County. The sample size was 36 respondents since census study was carried out to get information on the study variables. Data were collected by use of questionnaire from the respondents. The regression analysis model was applied by the researcher to determine the association between the study variables. Results have been presented using frequency tables, graphs and pie charts. To ensure that ethical consideration was taken into account, the researcher obtained informed consent from the participants so that only the participants who agreed participated voluntarily. The researcher was also honest so that the information obtained from the study was used for this research study only. The research found that identifying credit risk has an impact on how well loans are repaid. This is shown by the significance threshold for credit risk identification, which was 0.0174–0.05, showing a substantial link between credit risk identification and loan payback performance. Identification of risk is important in order to improve risk management and control the hazards SACCOs may face. SACCOs should establish proper credit risk identification practices such as having a clearly defined process of risk reporting and training all staff on risk identification to avoid loss and defaults.
Effect of Bio-regulators on Seed Germination of Santalum album L. under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Verma Sachin , Chauhan Vimal , Sharma Aditi , Behera Jayashree
Published: October 2022

The present investigation was carried out during the year 2020-2022 in the laboratory of the Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P). The interaction effect of seed collection time (S), locations (L) and pre-sowing seed treatments (T). The seeds collected during September-October from Dholra (Bilaspur) site; treated with GA3 400 ppm (S1L2T5) showed maximum germination percentage (75.00%), germination capacity (80.56%), germination energy (44.44%), mean daily germination (2.50) and peak value (7.27).
Bird Migration with Visual Avian Navigation & Nest Nidification: The Spatial Linear Geometries Georeferencing Functionality
Authors: Basdekidou Chrysanthi
Published: October 2022

Problem: Bird migration (eye): Georeferencing procedure with clues, rules, functionalities, and restrictions, for avian navigation and nest nidification.

Literature Knowledge: Computer vision (sensor): Robot self-referencing with the Perspective-n- Point pose estimation technique.

Aim: Hypothesis introduction and proving (“The birds also follow the same georeferencing procedure like robots in avian navigation and nest nidification”).

Methodology: (a) Reference data, images, and photography acquisition and 4-means layering (eBird dataset, Flickr imagery, CORINE land covering, and Volunteered Geographic Information);

(b) Image processing; and (c) GIS spatial overlay analysis.

Results: Statistical spatial analysis using data of the GIS overlays (the 4 layers). Correlation matrix (Avian navigation and nest nidification in low-density urban areas as these are affected by spatial linear geometries and land cover types).

Conclusion: A statistically satisfactory approach to the introduced hypothesis.

Potential Applications: Human spatial cognition and movement behavior; Children’s motor control and coordination.
Remote monitoring may increase access to methadone take‐homes
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2022

There is a burst of new products looking for investors for various monitoring devices to make sure patients are taking their take‐home methadone as prescribed and not diverting it or taking too much. A substitute for direct observed dosing, some of these new methods were originally created because of COVID‐19. Methadone take‐homes themselves were increased as a way of reducing COVID‐19 transmission, but there were limited ways to make sure large quantities of methadone could be given to patients safely.
Field still grapples with standard by which to evaluate harm reduction
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: October 2022

It would be difficult today to look at the body of evidence and not acknowledge that the most widely used harm reduction strategies do exactly that: reduce harms associated with problematic substance use. The question that generates a much less confident response in the research and treatment communities involves whether embracing harm reduction will offer a clearer path to more lives free of dangerous drugs, representing a wiser investment of resources than alternatives, such as expanding treatment.
Home sensors may help detect withdrawal during sleeping hours
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2022

Methadone patients typically take one dose a day in the morning. By the time they take their next dose, 24 hours later, they are not in withdrawal, but will be soon. Some patients may actually be near withdrawal before then if they are not getting enough methadone. A recent study has found that smart home sensors could help these patients, who might relapse if their nighttime withdrawal symptoms aren't addressed. One major complaint of people in early treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) is disrupted sleep — indeed, a problem for people who are dependent on opioids in general, including opioids for pain. A pilot study published in Pain Management Nursing by researchers from Washington State University showed that these sensors could provide information about overnight sleep problems for people recovering from OUD. The researchers found that the home sensors matched other monitoring methods (using videos and wires) for sleep disturbance 89% of the time. “One day, when people go home from addiction treatment, we could send them to a smart home sensor environment, so we can know remotely if they're struggling to sleep and getting up and down a lot,” said lead author Marian Wilson, a WSU nursing professor. “We know that poor sleep is a trigger for substance use and could lead to unintended overdose,” Wilson said. Wilson's study found that detecting issues such as breathing problems and physical movements could help alert health care professionals of the need for medication changes or other interventions. In addition, the findings validated what patients had been saying. “Our study confirms what people with opioid use disorder have been saying — their sleep can be restless and disturbed,” said Wilson in a press release from the university. “We need to appreciate that people may be suffering. There's a misconception that substance use is all about that euphoric ‘high.’ By the time people get into a methadone treatment program, they're usually just trying to feel normal.” In the future, patients don't need to come into the sleep lab to be observed, and instead could just use the home sensors in an unobtrusive way, with no videos or cameras, Wilson added. The research was conducted in a lab. The next step will be to test the home sensor in homes. The research was supported by the National Institutes of Health and the Rayce Rudeen Foundation.
Potential‐Driven Semiconductor‐to‐Metal Transition in Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Zhang Quan , Zhang Yang , Gao Guoping , Zhang Shengli
Published: October 2022

The potential‐driven semiconductor‐to‐metal transition is investigated in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides by employing a new proposed method, i.e., the fixed‐potential method (FPM). Under the same voltage, the semiconducting and metallic phases will be charged differently due to their different electronic properties. The potential‐driven phase transition process is simulated by the injection of unequal electrons in the semiconducting and metallic phases. The unequal electron injection is more consistent with the actual experimental process, although equal electron injection also can theoretically induce a phase transition. MoTe2 is chosen as a prototypical example to examine the physical mechanism. When the fixed electrode potential is above the potential of zero‐charge, excess electrons are injected into the metallic 1T’ phase instead of the semiconducting 2H phase, stabilizing the 1T’ phase. In addition, the potential‐dependent kinetics, in which the charge transfer is fluctuating, suggests that increasing the electrode potential will decrease the kinetic barrier of the 2H→1T’ transition process. The calculated relative transition voltage of 2.5 V agrees well with the experimental results, demonstrating the validity of the FPM. This study provides new insight into potential‐driven semiconductor‐to‐metal phase transitions and suggests a new theoretical approach for studies under constant voltage conditions.
A Monolithic Stochastic Computing Architecture for Energy Efficient Arithmetic
Authors: Ravichandran Harikrishnan , Zheng Yikai , Schranghamer Thomas F , Trainor Nicholas , Redwing Joan M. , Das Saptarshi
Published: October 2022

As the energy and hardware investments necessary for conventional high‐precision digital computing continue to explode in the era of artificial intelligence (AI), a change in paradigm that can trade precision for energy and resource efficiency is being sought for many computing applications. Stochastic computing (SC) is an attractive alternative since, unlike digital computers, which require many logic gates and a high transistor volume to perform basic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, sorting, etc., SC can implement the same using simple logic gates. While it is possible to accelerate SC using traditional silicon complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology, the need for extensive hardware investment to generate stochastic bits (s‐bits), the fundamental computing primitive for SC, makes it less attractive. Memristor and spin‐based devices offer natural randomness but depend on hybrid designs involving CMOS peripherals for accelerating SC, which increases area and energy burden. Here, the limitations of existing and emerging technologies are overcome, and a standalone SC architecture embedded in memory and based on 2D memtransistors is experimentally demonstrated. The monolithic and non‐von‐Neumann SC architecture occupies a small hardware footprint and consumes a miniscule amount of energy (<1 nJ) for both s‐bit generation and arithmetic operations, highlighting the benefits of SC.
Solar‐Driven Reversible Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyue , Sun Yahui , Ju Shunlong , Ye Jikai , Hu Xuechun , Chen Wei , Yao Long , Xia Guanglin , Fang Fang , Sun Dalin , Yu Xuebin
Published: October 2022

The lack of safe and efficient hydrogen storage is a major bottleneck for large‐scale application of hydrogen energy. Reversible hydrogen storage of light‐weight metal hydrides with high theoretical gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen density is one ideal solution but requires extremely high operating temperature with large energy input. Herein, taking MgH2 as an example, a concept is demonstrated to achieve solar‐driven reversible hydrogen storage of metal hydrides via coupling the photothermal effect and catalytic role of Cu nanoparticles uniformly distributed on the surface of MXene nanosheets (Cu@MXene). The photothermal effect of Cu@MXene, coupled with the “heat isolator” role of MgH2 indued by its poor thermal conductivity, effectively elevates the temperature of MgH2 upon solar irradiation. The “hydrogen pump” effect of Ti and TiHx species that are in situ formed on the surface of MXene from the reduction of MgH2, on the other hand, plays a catalytic role in effectively alleviating the kinetic barrier and hence decreasing the operating temperature required for reversible hydrogen adsorption and desorption of MgH2. Based on the combination of photothermal and catalytic effect of Cu@MXene, a reversible hydrogen storage capacity of 5.9 wt% is achieved for MgH2 after 30 cycles using solar irradiation as the only energy source.
Direct Emission of Focused Terahertz Vortex Beams Using Indium‐Tin‐Oxide‐Based Fresnel Zone Plates
Authors: Feng Xi , Chen Xieyu , Lu Yongchang , Wang Qingwei , Niu Li , Xu Quan , Zhang Xueqian , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Weili
Published: October 2022

Terahertz (THz) vortex beams with helical wavefronts promise many important applications ranging from high‐speed wireless communications to super‐resolution imaging. Conventional methods to generate THz beams mostly rely on manipulating and converting the incident THz beams. Herein is proposed and experimentally demonstrated how the patterned indium tin oxide (ITO) film, i.e., ITO Fresnel zone plate (ITO‐FZP), enables direct emission of focused THz vortex beams with desired orbital angular momentums. Such THz vortex‐beam emitters are based on the straightforward nonlinear THz emission through the patterned ITO film under femtosecond laser excitation. The proposed approach greatly integrates THz emission and vortex‐beam generation processes, which is low cost, robust, and easy to fabricate.
Amorphous and Porous Tungsten Oxide Films for Fast‐Switching Dual‐Band Electrochromic Smart Windows
Authors: Zhang Shengliang , Peng Yutao , Zhao Jing , Fan Zengjie , Ding Bing , Lee Jim Yang , Zhang Xiaogang , Xuan Yimin
Published: October 2022

Dual‐band electrochromic smart windows with dynamic and independent control of near‐infrared (NIR) and visible (VIS) light transmittance can notably reduce the carbon footprint of buildings and improve the occupants’ visual and thermal comfort. The dual‐band response is often generated by the phase transition of crystalline electrochromic materials. However, the phase‐transition of crystalline materials is kinetically sluggish, resulting in a long response time. Herein, a fast‐switching dual‐band electrochromic smart window based on a single‐component amorphous and porous tungsten oxide (AP‐WO3) cathode without the slow phase‐transition process is demonstrated. The amorphous and porous structure of WO3 not only significantly improves the ion transport, but also provides a large surface area for Li+ adsorption that gives rise to a tunable surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in the NIR range. Consequently, the single‐component AP‐WO3 film can modulate the NIR and VIS light transmittance independently and effectively through three distinct modes with high optical modulation, fast switching speed, high bistability, and good cycling stability. The prototype dual‐band electrochromic device assembled by AP‐WO3 cathode also delivers an impressive dual‐band electrochromic performance with fast‐switching speed (6.4 s for coloration and 7.2 s for bleaching).
Highly efficient and fast adsorption of Au(III) and Pd(II) by crosslinked polyethyleneimine‐glutaraldehyde
Authors: Zhang Zhiyan , Xu Weifeng , Zhang Kang , Tang Kewen
Published: October 2022

An adsorbent (PEI‐GA) is prepared by crosslinking polyethyleneimine with glutaraldehyde. PEI‐GA shows outstanding adsorption performance towards Au(III) and Pd(II). PEI‐GA presents large adsorption capacity towards Au(III) in a wide application pH range from 1 to 9. The adsorption capacities of PEI‐GA for Au(III) and Pd(II) at 25°C reach 2575 and 497 mg/g, respectively. Au(III) and Pd(II) can be adsorbed completely within 10 min for 8.3 mg/L Au(III) and 20 min for 9.7 mg/L Pd(II). The adsorption equilibrium time required for 523.9 mg/L Au(III) and for 565.6 mg/L Pd(II) is 2 and 9 h, respectively. The Sips model is the most suitable to describe the adsorption isotherms which leads to more realistic adsorption capacities for both metals. PEI‐GA also exhibits high selectivity and repeatability towards Au(III) and Pd(II). The adsorption mechanism involves redox, chelation coordination, and electrostatic interactions for Au(III), and coordination and electrostatic interactions for Pd(II).
Obstetrical and neonatal outcomes of cardio‐facio‐cutaneous syndrome: Prenatal consequences of Ras/MAPK dysregulation
Authors: Jelin Angie C. , Mahle Amanda , Tran Susan H. , Sparks Teresa N. , Rauen Katherine A.
Published: October 2022

We systematically delineated the prenatal phenotype, and obstetrical and neonatal outcomes of the RASopathy cardio‐facio‐cutaneous (CFC) syndrome. A comprehensive, retrospective medical history survey was distributed to parents of children with confirmed CFC in collaboration with CFC International, Inc. Data were collected on CFC gene variant, maternal characteristics, pregnancy course, delivery, and neonatal outcomes with the support of medical records. We identified 43 individuals with pathogenic variants in BRAF (81%), MEK1 (14%), or MEK2 (5%) genes. The median age was 8.5 years. Hyperemesis gravidarum, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia occurred in 5/43 (12%), 4/43 (9%), 3/43 (7%), and 3/43 (7%) of pregnancies, respectively. Second and third trimester ultrasound abnormalities included polyhydramnios, macrocephaly, macrosomia, and renal and cardiac abnormalities. Delivery occurred via spontaneous vaginal, operative vaginal, or cesarean delivery in 15/42 (36%), 7/42 (16%), and 20/42 (48%), respectively. Median gestational age at delivery was 37 weeks and median birth weight was 3501 grams. Germline pathogenic vaiants had mutiple congenital consequences including polyhydramnios, renal and cardiac abnormalities, macrosomia, and macrocephaly on second and third trimester ultrasound. Elevated rates of operative delivery and neonatal complications were also noted. Understanding and defining a prenatal phenotype may improve prenatal prognostic counseling and outcomes.
Enzymatische C4‐Epimerisierung von UDP‐Glucuronsäure: präzise gesteuerte Rotation eines transienten 4‐Ketointermediats für eine invertierende Reaktion ohne Decarboxylierung
Authors: Borg Annika J. E. , Esquivias Oriol , Coines Joan , Rovira Carme , Nidetzky Bernd
Published: October 2022

UDP‐Glucuronsäure(UDP‐GlcA)‐4‐Epimerase repräsentiert eine wichtige Fragestellung in der Enzymkatalyse: die Balance zwischen konformativer Flexibilität und genauer Positionierung. Das Enzym koordiniert die C4‐Oxidation des Substrats durch NAD+ mit der Rotation eines leicht decarboxylierbaren β‐Ketosäure‐Intermediats im aktiven Zentrum zur Ermöglichung der stereoinvertierenden Reduktion der Ketogruppe durch NADH. Wir zeigen hier die nur schwer erfassbare Rotationskoordinate des 4‐Ketointermediats. Distorsion des Zuckerrings in eine Boot‐Konformation erzeugt torsionale Mobilität in der Bindungstasche des Enzyms. Die Endpunkte der Rotation zeigen den 4‐Ketozucker in einer unverformten 4C1‐Sesselkonformation. Die äquatorial positionierte Carboxylatgruppe ist ungünstig für die 4‐Ketozucker‐Decarboxylierung. Varianten der Epimerase zeigen Decarboxylierung, wenn sie die Bindung mit der Carboxylatgruppe im entgegengesetzten Rotationsisomer des Substrats entfernen. R185A/D‐Substitutionen wandeln die Epimerase in UDP‐Xylose‐Synthasen um, welche UDP‐GlcA in stereospezifischen, konfigurationserhaltenden Reaktionen decarboxylieren.
Evolution of electrical conductivity in semi‐interpenetrating polymer network of shape memory polyvinyl chloride and polyaniline
Authors: Wu Xuelian , Zou Jiaxing , Yang Jian , Jiang Jiang , Feng Qin , Ye Zihao , Huang Weimin
Published: October 2022

Electrically conductive semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) from shape memory polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyaniline (PANI) is realized. The mechanical properties and shape memory performance of semi‐IPN are slightly different from the original PVC. The distribution of PANI within PVC is found to be non‐uniform in the thickness direction. The electrical conductivity of the as‐fabricated sample at room temperature is around 4.5 × 10−2 S/cm. However, after heating, thermal strain results in significant drop in electrical conductivity. Programming remarkably reduces the electrical conductivity as well. A higher programming temperature and higher programming strain result in more reduction. Subsequent heating for shape recovery causes further reduction in electrical conductivity, despite nearly full shape recovery is achieved. Doping (dedoping and redoping) is confirmed not the major player, but microgaps/fracture in PANI chains during stretching in programming and heating for shape recovery.
Antimicrobial dual‐cured photopolymers of vanillin alcohol diglycidyl ether and glycerol dimethacrylate
Authors: Motiekaityte Greta , Navaruckiene Aukse , Raudoniene Vita , Bridziuviene Danguole , Jaras Justinas , Kantminiene Kristina , Ostrauskaite Jolita
Published: October 2022

Considering the current efforts for to develop new antimicrobial polymers from renewable resources suitable for application in environmentally friendly light‐based technologies, novel dual‐cured photopolymers of vanillin alcohol diglycidyl ether and glycerol dimethacrylate are developed. The kinetics of the sequential and simultaneous dual‐curing processes, combining free radical and cationic photopolymerizations, is investigated by real‐time photorheometry. Comparison of dual‐curing systems with different ratios of biobased epoxy and acrylate monomers revealed that the increase in the acrylate content increases the photocuring rate and improves the mechanical performance (Young's modulus increases from 76.64 to 190.71 MPa) and thermal stability (the 10% weight loss increases from 227 to 274°C) of the polymers, while the increase in the vanillin epoxy content results in better antimicrobial activity. Developed photopolymers create unfavorable conditions for the growth of microorganisms and reduce their population by up to 0% in 24 h. The excellent antibacterial and antifungal activity of new photopolymers allows them to be considered as biobased alternatives to petroleum‐based antimicrobial coatings, films, or optical 3D printed objects.
Das neue Wildparkstadion Karlsruhe
Authors: Nixdorf Stefan , Kämereit Christopher
Published: October 2022

Für den Karlsruher SC ist eine neue, hochmoderne Sportstätte mit Platz für rd. 34.000 Zuschauer:innen entstanden. Die Architekten von agn und das Bauunternehmen ZECH Sports geben Einblicke in den Entstehungsprozess des neuen Wildparkstadions. Seine unverwechselbare Gestalt entsteht durch grundlegende Bauelemente wie die Y‐Dachstützen und erzeugt ein architektonisches Markenzeichen in der Bundesliga für den neuen KSC‐Fußballtempel. Die Realisierung bei laufendem Spielbetrieb stellte die Projektbeteiligten vor spannende Herausforderungen mit zahlreichen Zwischenbauzuständen während dem etappenweisen Umbau des Stadions. Durch den Vollumbau während der 2. Fußball‐Bundesliga wurden von Beginn an spezifische Anforderungen an den Bauablauf und damit einhergehend die Wahl der Bauverfahren gestellt. Eine zentrale Voraussetzung war die Einhaltung einer Mindestkapazität von 15.000 Plätzen für Fußballbegeisterte zu jedem Zeitpunkt der Baumaßnahme.
Rapid metal speciation of cell culture media using reversed‐phase separations and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
Authors: Wysor Sarah K. , Hall Katja A. , Marcus R. Kenneth
Published: October 2022

Cell culture media metal content is critical in mammalian cell growth and monoclonal antibody productivity. The variability in metal concentrations has multiple sources of origin. As such, there is a need to analyze media before, during, and after production. Furthermore, it is not the simple presence of a given metal that can impact processes, but also their chemical form that is, speciation. To a first approximation, it is instructive to simply and quickly ascertain if the metals exist as inorganic (free metal) ions or are part of an organometallic complex (ligated). Here we present a simple workflow involving the capture of ligated metals on a fiber stationary phase with passage of the free ions to an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry for quantification; the captured species are subsequently eluted for quantification. This first level of speciation (free vs. ligated) can be informative towards sources of contaminant metal species and means to assess bioreactor processes.
Polyoxometalate‐based Inorganic‐Organic Hybrids as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Asymmetric and Tandem Reactions
Authors: Najafi Mahnaz
Published: October 2022

Chiral and bi/multifunctional catalysts have contributed to the sustainability of organic transformations. Polyoxometalates (POMs) with diverse structures, good redox properties and oxidation abilities offer excellent opportunities in the area of asymmetric and one‐pot tandem reactions. However, the potential applications of POM catalysts are limited due to their solubility in many solvents. One approach to cope with this problem is to combine them with organic units and generate POM‐based inorganic‐organic hybrid materials with unique structural characteristics. This review presents the targeted design of POM‐based hybrids as heterogeneous catalysts for asymmetric and one‐pot tandem reactions. Chirality induction from chiral POMs and/or organic linkers to the whole hybrid material as well as the possibility of self‐assembly of building units via non‐covalent interactions are described. It also discusses the catalytic sites ranging from POM salts to 3D POM‐based frameworks with the focus on organic transformations such as oxidation, esterification and C−C bond formation.
Nonsymmetric [Pt(C^N*N′^C′)] Complexes: Aggregation‐Induced Emission in the Solid State and in Nanoparticles Tuned by Ligand Structure
Authors: Solomatina Anastasia I. , Galenko Ekaterina E. , Kozina Daria O. , Kalinichev Alexey A. , Baigildin Vadim A. , Prudovskaya Natalia A. , Shakirova Julia R. , Khlebnikov Alexander F. , Porsev Vitaly V. , Evarestov Robert A. , Tunik Sergey P.
Published: October 2022

Five square‐planar [Pt(C^N*N′^C′)] complexes (Pt1–Pt5) with novel nonsymmetric tetradentate ligands (L1–L5) were synthesized and characterized. Varying the structure of the metalating aromatic systems result in substantial changes in photophysical properties and intermolecular interaction mode of the complexes in solution and in solid state. The complexes are strongly emissive in tetrahydrofuran solution, with the band maxima ranging from 560 to 690 nm. Three of these complexes (Pt1, Pt2, Pt4) afford nanospecies upon injection of their solution into water, which show aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) with a strong red shift of emission bands. In the solid state, crystalline samples of these complexes demonstrate mechanochromism upon grinding with a bathochromic shift of the emission. DFT and TD‐DFT computational analysis of monomeric Pt1–Pt5 in solution and model dimeric emitters formed through intermolecular interaction of Pt1, Pt2, Pt4 molecules allowed assignment of observed AIE to the 3MMLCT excited states of Pt‐Pt bonded aggregates of these complexes.