bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel computer modeling and simulation technique for bronchi motion tracking in human lungs under respiration
Authors: Kim Byeong-Jun , Ahn Hyo Yeong , Song Chanhee , Ryu Dongman , Goh Tae Sik , Lee Jung Sub , Lee Chiseung
Published: October 2023

In this work, we proposed a novel computer modeling and simulation technique for motion tracking of lung bronchi (or tumors) under respiration using 9 cases of computed tomography (CT)-based patient-specific finite element (FE) models and Ogden’s hyperelastic model. In the fabrication of patient-specific FE models for the respiratory system, various organs such as the mediastinum, diaphragm, and thorax that could affect the lung motions during breathing were considered. To describe the nonlinear material behavior of lung parenchyma, the comparative simulation for biaxial tension-compression of lung parenchyma was carried out using several hyperelastic models in ABAQUS, and then, Ogden’s model was adopted as an optimal model. Based on the aforementioned FE models and Ogden’s material model, the 9 cases of respiration simulation were carried out from exhalation to inhalation, and the motion of lung bronchi (or tumors) was tracked. In addition, the changes in lung volume, lung cross-sectional area on the axial plane during breathing were calculated. Finally, the simulation results were quantitatively compared to the inhalation/exhalation CT images of 9 subjects to validate the proposed technique. Through the simulation, it was confirmed that the average relative errors of simulation to clinical data regarding to the displacement of 258 landmarks in the lung bronchi branches of total subjects were 1.10%~2.67%. In addition, the average relative errors of those with respect to the lung cross-sectional area changes and the volume changes in the superior-inferior direction were 0.20%~5.00% and 1.29 ~ 9.23%, respectively. Hence, it was considered that the simulation results were coincided well with the clinical data. The novelty of the present study is as follows: (1) The framework from fabrication of the human respiratory system to validation of the bronchi motion tracking is provided step by step. (2) The comparative simulation study for nonlinear material behavior of lung parenchyma was carried out to describe the realistic lung motion. (3) Various organs surrounding the lung parenchyma and restricting its motion were considered in respiration simulation. (4) The simulation results such as landmark displacement, lung cross-sectional area/volume changes were quantitatively compared to the clinical data of 9 subjects.
Determining homology of an unknown space from a sample
Authors: Brun Morten , García Pascual Belén , Salbu Lars M.
Published: October 2023

The homology of an unknown subspace of Euclidean space can be determined from the intrinsic Čech complex of a sample of points in the subspace, without reference to the ambient Euclidean space. More precisely, given a subspace X of Euclidean space and a sample A of points in X, we give conditions for the homology of X to be isomorphic to a certain persistent homology group of the intrinsic Čech complex.
Mapping AI avant-gardes in time: posthumanism, transhumanism, genhumanism
Authors: Brusseau James
Published: October 2023

Three directions for the AI avant-garde are sketched against the background of time. Posthumanism changes what we are, and belongs to the radical future. Transhumanism changes how we are, and corresponds with the radical past. Genhumanism changes who we are, and exists in the radical present. While developing the concepts, this essay intersects in two ways with theoretical debates about humanism in the face of technological advance. First, it describes how temporal divisions may cleanly differentiate post- and transhumanism. Second, the essay introduces generative humanism, which contributes to discussions about AI and society by delineating a novel humanistic response to contemporary technology. Finally, grounds are provided for a practical project, one where philosophers work with AI engineers in the area of genhumanism. Contemporary AI research into serendipity in recommendation engines provides natural support for the shared research.
A critical review of status quo and future directions of owner dynamic capabilities: Dimensions and key factors
Authors: Tian Zidan , Wang Ting , He Qinghua
Published: October 2023

Existing studies agree that owner dynamic capabilities are crucial in dynamic environments. Based on a systematic literature review of 44 research with CiteSpace and the content analysis method, this study aims to elucidate the dimensions and key factors of owner dynamic capabilities. Owner dynamic capabilities are studied in the context of a construction project due to their resource-constrained, goal-urgent, and uncertainty characteristics. Cognition capabilities, resilient change management capabilities, integrated organization capabilities, and strategic innovation capabilities are identified as the dimensions. Critical factors have also been analyzed at different levels. This study proposes a discriminatory framework of owner dynamic capabilities that combined organizational ambidexterity and resilience. Moreover, this study contributes to the clarification of the concept of owner dynamic capabilities and the enrichment of their knowledge hierarchy. Practitioners can track the main contradictions that owners are currently facing against the actual situation and seek strategies.
‘Living the last chapter of History’: Anxiety as a force for rewriting history textbooks in Putin's Russia and before
Authors: Kurbak Maria
Published: October 2023

In this article, I examine efforts to rewrite school history in Putin's Russia, efforts whose precedents in Russia can be traced back to the nineteenth century. I explore this process from the perspective of recent scholarship on ‘collective future thinking’ and demonstrate how a particular feeling – anxiety – shaped Russian and Soviet efforts to change history textbooks. I describe those created in Russia, focusing on their future component and the emotional message accompanying them. In contrast to some other countries, where narratives may be revised or replaced by new ones in accordance with the development of societies and political regimes, in Russia, there is evidence that previous narrative templates continue to coexist. The state may privilege one or another narrative primary in response to emotional pressures, and in some cases, this pushes people towards aggression and even death. I argue that anxiety about the future has forced the current Russian regime to initiate a school history rewriting in the midst of the Russia-Ukraine war, allowing the state to use collective memory to convince people to engage in a brutal conflict.
A new record of a white humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Papeete, Tahiti
Authors: De Weerdt Joëlle
Published: October 2023

A new record of a white humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) was made off Papeete, Tahiti in July 2019. The individual was completely white, except for grey patterns on its body and on the ventral part of the fluke. The presence of different colourations indicates that this individual is not an albino but a leucistic individual. According to field observations, the individual was likely a juvenile or a subadult. It was seen breaching several times and travelled further north of Papeete, where the animal was recaptured off Arue. White individuals are rare and offer unique opportunities to understand whale movement patterns and potential population connectivity among humpback whale populations.
Global Warming Increases Interannual and Multidecadal Variability of Subarctic Atlantic Nutrients and Biological Production in the CESM1‐LE
Authors: Whitt Daniel B.
Published: October 2023

Earth system models indicate that the Subarctic Atlantic Ocean ecosystems are uniquely sensitive to global warming. Nutrients, phytoplankton biomass, and phytoplankton production all decline precipitously in global warming scenarios. Superimposed on this forced response is changing internal variability that is not fully understood. Here, a large ensemble of simulations with the Community Earth System Model is used to quantify how global warming affects the interannual and multidecadal variability of phytoplankton production integrated over the Subarctic Atlantic. Surprisingly, it is found that this variability increases non‐monotonically with global warming. The increased variability of production is caused by an elevated volatility of wintertime surface nutrient concentrations, which is a consequence of a rising sensitivity of these nutrients to winter mixing and overturning fluctuations, which overcomes a reduced amplitude of these physical fluctuations with warming. Future work is needed to fully understand how internal climate variability impacts ocean ecosystems in a warming climate.
Light People: Professor Cheng Zhang
Authors: Guo Siqiu
Published: October 2023

Editorial

Nanophotonics has emerged as a cutting-edge interdisciplinary research field today. Its primary objective is to leverage the interaction between light and matter at the wavelength and sub-wavelength scales, with the purpose of designing and manufacturing miniaturized, multifunctional, and high-performance optical devices and systems. Professor Cheng Zhang from Huazhong University of Science and Technology has dedicated his career to nanophotonic device research. His work encompasses a wide range of areas, including plasmonic devices, optical metamaterials, and metasurfaces. Through the design of innovative artificial electromagnetic structures and the exploration of emerging nanofabrication techniques, Professor Cheng Zhang has effectively achieved versatile control over various properties of electromagnetic waves, including amplitude, phase, and polarization states. Furthermore, his research extends to the continuous exploration of novel optical phenomena, aimed at realizing high-performance engineering applications. In this edition of Light People, we will take you deep into the world of Professor Cheng Zhang, a young scientist exemplifying the spirit of innovation, relentless improvement, and unwavering pursuit of excellence. You will discover how he has overcome numerous challenges in the realm of nanophotonic research.
Targeting oncogenic microRNAs from the miR-371~373 and miR-302/367 clusters in malignant germ cell tumours causes growth inhibition through cell cycle disruption
Authors: Bailey Shivani , Ferraresso Marta , Alonso-Crisostomo Luz , Ward Dawn , Smith Stephen , Nicholson James C. , Saini Harpreet , Enright Anton J. , Scarpini Cinzia G. , Coleman Nicholas , Murray Matthew J.
Published: October 2023

Background

MiR-371~373 and miR-302/367 cluster over-expression occurs in all malignant germ cell tumours (GCTs), regardless of age (paediatric/adult), site (gonadal/extragonadal), or subtype [seminoma, yolk sac tumour (YST), embryonal carcinoma (EC)]. Six of eight microRNAs from these clusters contain the seed sequence ‘AAGUGC’, determining mRNA targeting. Here we sought to identify the significance of these observations by targeting these microRNAs functionally.

Methods

We targeted miR-371~373 and/or miR-302/367 clusters in malignant GCT cell lines, using CRISPR-Cas9, gapmer primary miR-302/367 transcript inhibition, and peptide nucleic acid (PNA) or locked nucleic acid (LNA)-DNA inhibition targeting miR-302a-d-3p, and undertook relevant functional assays.

Results

MiR-302/367 cluster microRNAs made the largest contribution to AAGUGC seed abundance in malignant GCT cells, regardless of subtype (seminoma/YST/EC). Following the unsuccessful use of CRISPR-Cas9, gapmer, and PNA systems, LNA-DNA-based targeting resulted in growth inhibition in seminoma and YST cells. This was associated with the de-repression of multiple mRNAs targeted by AAGUGC seed-containing microRNAs, with pathway analysis confirming predominant disruption of Rho-GTPase signalling, vesicle organisation/transport, and cell cycle regulation, findings corroborated in clinical samples. Further LNA-DNA inhibitor studies confirmed direct cell cycle effects, with an increase of cells in G0/G1-phase and a decrease in S-phase.

Conclusion

Targeting of specific miR-371~373 and miR-302/367 microRNAs in malignant GCTs demonstrated their functional significance, with growth inhibition mediated through cell cycle disruption.
Fabrication and characterization of a novel catalyst based on modified zirconium metal-organic-framework for synthesis of polyhydroquinolines
Authors: Moghadaskhou Fatemeh , Eivazzadeh-Keihan Reza , Sadat Zahra , Tadjarodi Azadeh , Maleki Ali
Published: October 2023

A novel catalyst was fabricated in this study based on zirconium MOF modified with pyridine carboxaldehyde in a solvothermal reaction, embedded with cerium. In order to confirm the catalyst structure, various characterization techniques, including FTIR, Far IR, EDX, XRD, TGA, FE-SEM, ICP, and BET analyses, were employed. The results indicated that the UiO-66-Pyca-Ce (III) catalyst had a Langmuir surface area of 501.63 m2/g, a pore volume of 0.28 cm3/g, and a pore size of 2.27 nm. To study catalytic activity, a sequential approach of Knoevenagel condensation and Michael addition was used to synthesize various polyhydroquinoline derivatives. The reaction took place at ambient temperature. The UiO-66-Pyca-Ce (III) catalyst demonstrated high efficacy (90%) and reusability in asymmetric synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives for several reasons, including the possession of three Lewis acid activation functions.
One-dimensional carbon chains encapsulated in hollandite
Authors: Polfus Jonathan M.
Published: October 2023

One-dimensional carbon chains are highly reactive allotropes that are stabilized inside the protective environment of carbon nanotubes. Here we show that carbon chains can be encapsulated in metal oxides containing open structural channels, exemplified by hollandite α-MnO2. The α-MnO2 channels stabilize cumulene chains due to their structural commensurability, whereas the triple bonds in polyyne chains exhibit excessive steric repulsion to the oxide ions bordering the channel. Cumulene exhibits an interaction energy of only 0.065 eV per carbon atom, obtained by first-principles calculations, which is significantly more favorable than for encapsulation in a similarly sized carbon nanotube. Encapsulation of carbon chains is associated with lateral expansion of the α-MnO2 channel and polarization of the manganese and oxygen charge densities adjacent to the chains. Accordingly, the interaction energy is governed by a balance between van der Waals attraction and steric repulsion between the materials.
Enantiomeric filtration separation of supramolecular framework membranes
Authors: Ding Jingbo , Zhu Zexi , Wei Mingfeng , Li Bao , Wu Lixin
Published: October 2023

A supramolecular framework is constructed through a 4+2 host–guest interaction between pillar[5]arene-modified polyoxometalate and guest-grafting porphyrin for enantiomeric membrane separation via a simple filtration.
A multifunctional interlayer activated by lithiophilic electrospun Ag nanowires/polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers for efficient lithium storage
Authors: Wang Zicheng , Song Jianguo , Tian Yuan , Wang Cheng
Published: October 2023

3D lithiophilic AgNWs/PVP nanofibers are synthesized by electrospinning, which is employed as a multifunctional interlayer between lithium metal anode and separator toward efficient lithium storage.
Orchestrating nimble experiments across interconnected labs
Authors: Guevarra Dan , Kan Kevin , Lai Yungchieh , Jones Ryan J. R. , Zhou Lan , Donnelly Phillip , Richter Matthias , Stein Helge S. , Gregoire John M.
Published: October 2023

Human researchers multi-task, collaborate, and share resources. HELAO-async is a multi-workflow automation software that helps realize these attributes in materials acceleration platforms.
Electrochemical recovery of Pt/C electrocatalyst: optimization of the potential range on the leaching process and application to an aged MEA
Authors: Guillet François , Chatenet Marian , Paul Alex , Svecova Lenka , Dubau Laetitia
Published: October 2023

An optimized potential window for efficient platinum electrodissolution, the first step of a Pt recycling process, is proposed.
Mechanochemical preparation of donor/acceptor adducts based on coronene and silver(i) pyrazolate metallacycles
Authors: Luciani Lorenzo , Sargentoni Nicola , Magini Claudio , Galassi Rossana
Published: October 2023

The CT interaction promoted by the liquid assisted solid state grinding of silver or copper pyrazolate CTCs with coronene results in the quenching of coronene emissions and the lowering of the band gaps of the starting materials.
Michael addition reaction of malonates with nitro-olefins catalyzed by 1,1-diaminoazine, a bifunctional hydrogen bonding organocatalyst
Authors: Wani Aabid A. , Mehta Kriti , Reddy Rajeswara , Bharatam Prasad V.
Published: October 2023

Carbon–carbon bond forming processes are central to synthetic organic chemistry, and the Michael addition reaction is a frequently used method for C–C bond formation; 1,1-diaminoazines have been utilised as organocatalysts to facilitate this reaction.
Low-temperature thermal oxidation of biomass jet fuel pinane
Authors: Mi Ji , Chen Xinyang , Wu Panxi , Dai Yitong , Guo Yongsheng , Fang Wenjun
Published: October 2023

Pinane has shown potential as an aviation fuel, but further research into its thermo-oxidative stability is necessary.
Adapting enzymes to improve their functionality in plants: why and how
Authors: Oliveira-Filho Edmar R. , Voiniciuc Cătălin , Hanson Andrew D.
Published: October 2023

Synthetic biology creates new metabolic processes and improves existing ones using engineered or natural enzymes. These enzymes are often sourced from cells that differ from those in the target plant organ with respect to, e.g. redox potential, effector levels, or proteostasis machinery. Non-native enzymes may thus need to be adapted to work well in their new plant context (‘plantized’) even if their specificity and kinetics in vitro are adequate. Hence there are two distinct ways in which an enzyme destined for use in plants can require improvement: In catalytic properties such as substrate and product specificity, kcat, and KM; and in general compatibility with the milieu of cells that express the enzyme. Continuous directed evolution systems can deliver both types of improvement and are so far the most broadly effective way to deliver the second type. Accordingly, in this review we provide a short account of continuous evolution methods, emphasizing the yeast OrthoRep system because of its suitability for plant applications. We then cover the down-to-earth and increasingly urgent issues of which enzymes and enzyme properties can — or cannot — be improved in theory, and which in practice are the best to target for crop improvement, i.e. those that are realistically improvable and important enough to warrant deploying continuous directed evolution. We take horticultural crops as examples because of the opportunities they present and to sharpen the focus.
Simulations of two-temperature jets in galaxy clusters
Authors: Ohmura T. , Machida M. , Akamatsu H.
Published: October 2023

Context. Forward shocks by radio jets, driven into the intracluster medium, are one of the indicators that can be used to evaluate the power of the jet. Meanwhile, high-angular-resolution X-ray observations show the Mach numbers of powerful radio jets are smaller compared to the results of theoretical and numerical studies, namely, ℳobs < 2.

Aims. Our aim is to systematically investigate various factors, such as projection effects and temperature non-equilibration between protons and electrons, that influence the Mach number estimate in a powerful jet.

Methods. Using a two-temperature magnetohydrodynamic simulation data for the Cygnus A radio jets, whose Mach number is approximately 6, we constructed mock X-ray maps of simulated jets from various viewing angles. Furthermore, we evaluated the shock Mach number from the density-temperature jump using the same method of X-ray observations.

Results. Our results demonstrate that measurements from the density jump significantly underestimate the Mach numbers, ℳ < 2, around the jet head at a low viewing angle, ⪅50°. The observed post-shock temperature is strongly reduced by the projection effect, as our jet is in the cluster center where the gas density is high. On the other hand, the temperature jump is almost at unity, even if thermal electrons are in instant equilibration with protons. Upon comparison, we find that the shock property of our model at a viewing angle of < 55° is in good agreement with the results of Cygnus A observations.

Conclusions. These works illustrate the importance of the projection effect in estimating the Mach number from the surface brightness profile. Furthermore, forward shock Mach numbers could serve as a useful probe for determining viewing angles for young, powerful radio jets.
An updated measurement of the Hubble constant from near-infrared observations of Type Ia supernovae
Authors: Galbany L. , de Jaeger T. , Riess A. G. , Müller-Bravo T. E. , Dhawan S. , Phan K. , Stritzinger M. D. , Karamehmetoglu E. , Leibundgut B. , Burns C. , Peterson E. , D’Arcy Kenworthy W. , Johansson J. , Maguire K. , Jha S. W.
Published: October 2023

We present a measurement of the Hubble constant (H0) using type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the near-infrared (NIR) from the recently updated sample of SNe Ia in nearby galaxies with distances measured via Cepheid period-luminosity relations by the SH0ES project. We collected public near-infrared photometry of up to 19 calibrator SNe Ia and 57 SNe Ia in the Hubble flow (z > 0.01), and directly measured their peak magnitudes in the J- and H-band by Gaussian processes and spline interpolation. Calibrator peak magnitudes together with Cepheid-based distances were used to estimate the average absolute magnitude in each band, while Hubble-flow SNe were used to constrain the zero-point intercept of the magnitude–redshift relation. Our baseline result of H0 is 72.3 ± 1.4 (stat) ±1.4 (syst) km s−1 Mpc−1 in the J-band and 72.3 ± 1.3 (stat) ±1.4 (syst) km s−1 Mpc−1 in the H-band, where the systematic uncertainties include the standard deviation of up to 21 variations of the analysis, the 0.7% distance scale systematic from SH0ES Cepheid anchors, a photometric zero-point systematic, and a cosmic variance systematic. Our final measurement represents a measurement with a precision of 2.8% in both bands. Among all the analysis variants, the largest change in H0 comes from limiting the sample to those SNe from the CSP and CfA programs; they are noteworthy because they are the best calibrated, yielding H0 ∼ 75 km s−1 Mpc−1 in both bands. We explore applying stretch and reddening corrections to standardize SN Ia NIR peak magnitudes, and we demonstrate that they are still useful to reduce the absolute magnitude scatter and, which improves its standardization, at least up to the H-band. Based on our results, in order to improve the precision of the H0 measurement with SNe Ia in the NIR in the future, we would need to increase the number of calibrator SNe Ia, to be able to extend the Hubble–Lemaître diagram to higher redshift, and to include standardization procedures to help reduce the NIR intrinsic scatter.
Dynamical properties and detectability of the magneto-thermal instability in the intracluster medium
Authors: Kempf J. M. , Rincon F. , Clerc N.
Published: October 2023

Context.Amongst the many plasma processes potentially relevant to the dynamics of the intracluster medium (ICM), turbulence driven at observable scales by internal magnetised buoyancy instabilities such as the magneto-thermal instability (MTI) stands out in the outskirts of the ICM, where the background temperature decreases with the radius.

Aims.We characterise the statistical properties of MTI turbulence in the ICM and assess whether such large-scale magnetised plasma dynamics would be detectable with the future X-ray calorimeter X-IFU on board Athena.

Methods.We made use of scaling laws previously derived to phenomenologically estimate the observable turbulent saturation levels and injection length of MTI turbulence for different ICM thermodynamic profiles, and performed a numerical magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the dynamics with Braginskii heat and momentum diffusion. As a prospective exercise, we used the simulation to virtually observe MTI turbulence through the X-IFU.

Results.In bright enough regions amenable to X-ray observations, the MTI drives mild turbulence up to ∼5% and ∼100 km s−1(root-mean square temperature fluctuation and velocity). However, the measurable integrated temperature fluctuation and line-of-sight velocity fields, the latter being essentially the azimuthal velocity component in cluster haloes, hardly exceed 1% and 10 km s−1, respectively (root-mean square). We show that such moderate signals would be difficult to detect with upcoming X-ray telescopes. We also find that MTI turbulence is anisotropic in the direction of gravity and develops at scales ≳0.2 Mpc. If the fluctuation intensities were to be stronger than the current theoretical estimates, MTI fluctuations would be detectable and their anisotropy discernible with the X-IFU.

Conclusions.Finding direct signatures of magnetised plasma dynamics in the ICM, even at observable scales typical of the fluid MTI, remains challenging. This study only marks a first step in this direction. Several numerical and observational strategies are discussed to make further progress in the future.
Inverse-problem versus principal component analysis methods for angular differential imaging of circumstellar disks
Authors: Juillard S. , Christiaens V. , Absil O.
Published: October 2023

Context. Circumstellar disk images have highlighted a wide variety of morphological features. Recovering disk images from high-contrast angular differential imaging (ADI) sequences is, however, generally affected by geometrical biases, leading to unreliable inferences of the morphology of extended disk features. Recently, two types of approaches have been proposed to recover more robust disk images from ADI sequences: iterative principal component analysis (I-PCA) and inverse problem (IP) approaches.

Aims. We introduce mustard, a new IP-based algorithm specifically designed to address the problem of the flux invariant to rotation in ADI sequences – a limitation inherent to the ADI observing strategy – and discuss the advantages of IP approaches with respect to PCA-based algorithms.

Methods. The mustard model relies on the addition of morphological priors on the disk and speckle field to a standard IP approach to tackle rotation-invariant signals in circumstellar disk images. We compared the performance of mustard, I-PCA, and standard PCA on a sample of high-contrast imaging data sets acquired in different observing conditions, after injecting a variety of synthetic disk models at different contrast levels.

Results. Mustard significantly improves the recovery of rotation-invariant signals in disk images, especially for data sets obtained in good observing conditions. However, the mustard model inadequately handles unstable ADI data sets and provides shallower detection limits than PCA-based approaches.

Conclusions. Mustard has the potential to deliver more robust disk images by introducing a prior to address the inherent ambiguity of ADI observations. However, the effectiveness of the prior is partly hindered by our limited knowledge of the morphological and temporal properties of the stellar speckle halo. In light of this limitation, we suggest that the algorithm could be improved by enforcing a data-driven prior based on a library of reference stars.
Surfaces of genus g ≥ 1 in 3D contact sub-Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Bellini Eugenio , Boscain Ugo
Published: October 2023

We consider smooth embedded surfaces in a 3D contact sub-Riemannian manifold and the problem of the finiteness of the induced distance (i.e., the infimum of the length of horizontal curves that belong to the surface). Recently it has been proved that for a surface having the topology of a sphere embedded in a tight co-orientable structure, the distance is always finite. In this paper we study closed surfaces of genus larger than 1, proving that such surfaces can be embedded in such a way that the induced distance is finite or infinite. We then study the structural stability of the fmiteness/not-finiteness of the distance.
A decentralized production–distribution scheduling problem: Solution and analysis
Authors: Mirzapour Al-e-hashem Seyed Mohammad Javad , Hammami Ramzi
Published: October 2023

In modern production–distribution supply chains, decentralization has increased significantly, due to increasing production network efficiency. This study investigates a production scheduling and vehicle routing problem in a make-to-order context under a decentralized decision-making structure. Specifically, two different decision makers hierarchically decide the production and distribution schedules to minimize their incurred costs and we formulate the problem as a bi-level mixed-integer optimization model as a static Stackelberg game between manufacturer and distributor. At the upper level, the manufacturer decides its best scheduling under a flexible job-shop manufacturing system, and at the lower level, the distributor decides its distribution scheduling (routing) which influences the upper-level decisions. The model derives the best production–distribution scheduling scheme, with the objective of minimizing the cost of the manufacturer (leader) at the lowest possible cost for the distributor (follower). As the lower level represents a mixed-integer programming problem, it is challenging to solve the resulting bi-level model. Therefore, we extend an efficient decomposition algorithm based on Duplication Method and Column Generation. Finally, to discuss the decentralization value, the results of the presented bi-level model are compared with those of the centralized approach.
Follow-Up Adherence After Community Health Vision Screening Programs: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Zeng Rebecca , LaMattina Kara C.
Published: October 2023

Objective Although the purpose of community eye screening programs is to reduce health care disparities, the effectiveness of these programs is limited by the follow-up adherence of their participants. The aim of this review is to investigate factors that may promote or hinder participants from attending follow-up ophthalmological exams after community eye screenings and identify interventions to increase follow-up rates.

Methods For literature review, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Proquest/Global Health Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify studies of community eye screenings published between January 2000 and May 2023. Data from these articles were analyzed to identify barriers and facilitators of follow-up adherence after community eye screenings in the United States and to examine strategies used to increase follow-up rates. Only published manuscripts were included. We excluded studies of school screenings and clinic-based screenings.

Results A total of 28 articles were included. Follow-up rates ranged from 12.5 to 89%. Nineteen articles reviewed facilitators and barriers to follow-up. Eighteen articles were non interventional and seven (see Table 1 and 2, respectively) articles described interventions that were tested to improve follow-up rates after screening. Interventions included prescheduled appointments, transportation assistance, patient education, and patient navigators.

Conclusion Several interventions are promising to increase follow-up adherence in community eye screenings, but more evidence is needed. Future research should focus on randomized trials of isolated interventions to improve follow-up adherence of disadvantaged populations, although this may be limited given ethical considerations and documented lack of follow-up after screening.
Discovering the long-term effects of COVID-19 on jobs–housing relocation
Authors: Zhao Pengjun , Gao Yukun
Published: October 2023

Jobs–housing relocation plays a crucial role in urban spatial restructuring and development. As the COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically altered the form of human mobility, it is likely to have affected individual relocation patterns. This study uses mobile phone signalling data from 2018 to 2022 in Beijing to examine and compare intra–urban jobs–housing relocation behaviours among commuters before and after the pandemic. This study captures the pandemic’s long–term effects via an event study design. Despite prevalent negative impressions of the pandemic, this study found that it may have unexpected positive influences on our cities. The pandemic decelerated suburbanisation in young middle–income home relocators but encouraged suburbanisation in relatively older high–income home relocators, which may have helped to preserve inner city vitality. The pandemic accelerated the decentralisation of spatial distribution of employment, which may have helped to further break the monocentric city structure. The pandemic also accelerated inverse jobs–housing separation and improved jobs-housing balance, which may have made the city greener. It is suggested that policy makers seize this opportunity to guide cities towards structural improvement and sustainability.
Thermodynamics of the electron–positron plasma at very high temperatures and sources of annihilation γ-quanta in our Galaxy
Authors: Frolov Alexei M.
Published: October 2023

Thermodynamic properties and equations of state of the electron–positron plasma (or gas) at high and very high temperatures (T≥170 keV) are derived and investigated. We have derived a number of simple analytical formulas for the Fermi–Dirac distribution functions, which can be applied to various Fermi gases and plasmas in different cases. Almost all these formulas are represented in the form of series expansions. The coefficients in these expansions are relatively simple functions of the μT ratio, where T is the temperature and μ is the chemical potential of this Fermi system. Our approach works well for high-temperature electron–positron plasmas, which are in thermal equilibrium with the photon gas of annihilation γ-quanta, and for the model gas of fermions, where there is no radiation at all. The first case corresponds to the ultra-relativistic limit for high-temperature electron–positron plasma, while the second case represents a model Fermi gas of particles, which has some non-zero chemical potential. By investigating sources of annihilation γ-quanta in our Galaxy, we have arrived to a remarkable conclusion about the high-temperature limit in our regular (photon) optics.
Electric field control of magnetization in polycrystalline ZnO film
Authors: Guchhait Suman , Aireddy H. , Kander Niladri Sekhar , Das A. K.
Published: October 2023

A polycrystalline ZnO film is grown on a silicon substrate by the pulsed laser deposition method, and the electric field-induced magnetization in ZnO using an optical cantilever beam magnetometer setup is studied. The magnetization vs bipolar dc electric field measurements reveal the occurrence of magnetization switching in the ZnO film. The magnetization switching in the presence of an electric field is ascribed to the converse magnetoelectric (ME) coupling that takes place between the electrical and the magnetic order parameters existing in the ZnO film. We have found the strain-driven magnetization change as evidenced by the butterfly shape of the magnetization vs the electric field curve. A saturation magnetization of 13.31 MA/m is obtained. Moreover, a significant value of the ME coupling coefficient (α) (1.61 × 10−7 s/m) has also been reported in this article. The emergence of electric field-induced magnetization in a single polycrystalline ZnO film is regarded to be a very promising aspect in designing high-density energy-efficient spintronic and different multifunctional devices.
Investigation of boosted proton energies through proton radiography of target normal sheath acceleration fields in the multi-ps regime
Authors: Simpson R. A. , Mariscal D. A. , Kim J. , Lemos N. , Grace E. S. , Swanson K. K. , Scott G. G. , Djordjevic B. Z. , Ma T.
Published: October 2023

Multi-kilojoule, multi-picosecond short-pulse lasers, such as the National Ignition Facility-Advanced Radiographic Capability laser and the OMEGA-Extended Performance laser, which have been constructed over the last two decades, enable exciting opportunities to produce high-brightness, high-energy laser-driven proton sources for applications in high-energy-density science like proton fast ignition for inertial fusion energy, particle radiography, and materials science studies. Results on these platforms have demonstrated enhanced accelerated proton energies and electron temperatures when compared to established scaling laws. Recent work has developed a new scaling for proton TNSA in the multi-ps regime. However, this new physics in the multi-ps regime motivates the need to understand the origin of the enhancement in proton energies. Toward this goal, this work presents the first measurements of the TNSA accelerating sheath field in the multi-ps regime for pulse durations of 0.6, 5, and 10 ps. This measurement was achieved by using a separate TNSA proton source to radiograph the spatiotemporal profile of the accelerating sheath that is responsible for proton acceleration. The use of stacked radiochromic film detectors allows for a discrete time profile of the radiographs, thus enabling the measurement of the temporal and spatial evolution of the accelerating field. In performing this measurement, we extract quantities such as the sheath strength as a function of time and pulse duration, which shows that longer pulse durations sustain a stronger electric field for a longer duration when compared to sub-ps laser pulses, which may enable the observed boosted proton energies and proton conversion efficiencies.
2D kinetic simulations of whistler wave generation by nonlinear scattering of lower-hybrid waves in turbulent plasmas
Authors: Soto-Chavez A. Rualdo , Crabtree Chris , Ganguli Gurudas , Fletcher Alex C.
Published: October 2023

Turbulent plasmas in space, laboratory experiments, and astrophysical domains can often be described by weak turbulence theory, which can be characterized as a broad spectrum of incoherent interacting waves. We investigate a fundamental nonlinear kinetic mechanism of weak turbulence that can explain the generation of whistler waves in homogeneous plasmas by nonlinear scattering of short wavelength electrostatic lower-hybrid (LH) waves. Two particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations with different mass ratios in two dimensions (2D) were performed using a ring ion velocity distribution to excite broadband LH waves. The wave modes evolve in frequency, and wavenumber space such that the LH waves are converted to whistler waves. The simulations show the formation of quasi-modes, which are low-frequency density perturbations driven by the ponderomotive force due to the beating of LH and whistler waves. These low-frequency oscillations are damped due to resonant phase matching with thermal plasma particles. By comparing the phase and thermal speeds, we confirm the nonlinear scattering mechanism and its role in the 2D evolution of the ring ion instability. Although the nonlinear scattering is theoretically slower in 2D than in 3D due to the absence of the vector nonlinearity, these simulations show that quasi-modes are an important diagnostic for nonlinear landau damping in PIC simulations that has not been utilized in the past. The nonlinear scattering mechanism described here plays an important role in the generation of whistler waves in active experiments, which will be experimentally studied in the upcoming Space Measurement of a Rocket Release Turbulence experiment.
Characteristics of cellular structure of detonation waves propagating in annular channels
Authors: Yao Kepeng , Yang Pengfei , Wang Chun , Jiang Zonglin
Published: October 2023

This study investigates the characteristics of stable and unstable cells and wavefronts of detonation waves propagating in annular channels with different inner radii and channel widths using two-dimensional Euler equations along with a two-step induction-exothermic reaction kinetics. The results reveal that the effect of annular channels on the detonation cell structure depends on both the inner radius and channel width. To quantify this effect, a parameter σ is introduced, representing the ratio of the inner and outer radii of the channel. We have discovered that for values of the parameter σ exceeding a critical value σs, the detonation wavefront demonstrates characteristics similar to those observed in a straight channel scenario. On the contrary, when σ is below σs, the wavefront becomes distorted, potentially leading to Mach reflection as σ decreases further to another critical value σm. Additionally, the interaction among expansion waves induced by the inner walls leads to an augmented induced length and the potential occurrence of localized decoupling of the detonation wave, particularly for unstable detonation waves. However, it is worth noting that the re-initiation of the detonation wave may be triggered by the formation of hotspots resulting from the interaction between transverse shock waves and the detonation wave. This study aims to characterize the propagation characteristics of detonation waves within annular channels, with the objective of providing valuable insights for the design and optimization of annular chamber configurations in systems involving detonation.
Improvement of metal–insulator transition and mechanical strength of RENiO3 by co-sintering
Authors: Zhang Hao , Li Ziang , Zhang Ting , Cui Yuchen , Du Shuyu , Zhong Jian , Meng Lei , Chen Nuofu , Chen Jikun
Published: October 2023

Rare-earth nickelates (RENiO3: RE≠La) exhibit metal–insulator transition (MIT) properties that enable potential applications, such as critical temperature resistance thermistors, optoelectronic switches, and correlated logical devices. Nevertheless, their abrupt structural distortion across MIT results in mechanical stresses and forms microcracks within the bulk RENiO3, and this irreversibly reduces their resistive change during MIT that further impedes their practical applications. Herein, we demonstrate a compositing strategy that simultaneously improves the MIT performances and mechanical strength of RENiO3 by introducing a secondary phase of perovskite oxides with similar lattice parameters and high resistivity. Despite its much higher resistivity compared to RENiO3 (e.g., RE = Sm or Pr), introducing the LaMnO3 compositing phase under high oxygen pressure surprisingly reduces the matrix resistivity. Furthermore, such a compositing process (e.g., 20% LaMnO3) also effectively improves the mechanical strength of RENiO3 by eight times. Such counterintuitive variations are attributed to the similar structure and lattice parameter between RENiO3 and the perovskite composites that modify the grain boundary. As a result, the resistive change is more abrupt across MIT owing to the reduction in the resistivity associated with the grain boundary, while the defect generation and propagation are also suppressed that improves the mechanical properties. This further pave the way to the application of bulk RENiO3 as discrete devices in correlated electronics.
Growth and stability of epitaxial zirconium diboride thin films on silicon (111) substrate
Authors: Nayak Sanjay , Shanmugham Sathish Kumar , Petrov Ivan , Rosen Johanna , Eklund Per , Birch Jens , le Febvrier Arnaud
Published: October 2023

The epitaxial growth of boron rich hexagonal zirconium diborides (h-ZrB2+δ) thin films on Si(111) substrates using the magnetron co-sputtering technique with elemental zirconium and boron is reported. The effect of process temperature (700–900 °C) on the compositions and epitaxy quality was investigated. The chemical composition of the films was found to have a higher boron to zirconium ratio than the ideal stoichiometric AlB2-type ZrB2 and was observed to be sensitive to process temperature. Films deposited at 700 °C exhibited intense diffraction peaks along the growth direction corresponding to (000ℓ) of h-ZrB2 using both lab and synchrotron-based x-ray diffractograms. The thermal and compositional stability of the epitaxial h-ZrB2+δ film was further evaluated under a nitrogen-rich environment through isothermal annealing which showed a reduction in in-plane misorientation during thermal annealing. The relative stability of deviating compositions and the energetics of impurity incorporations were analyzed using density functional theory simulations, and the formation of native point defects or impurity incorporation in h-ZrB2 was found to be endothermic processes. Our experimental results showed that an epitaxial thin film of h-ZrB2+δ can be grown on Si(111) substrate using a magnetron co-sputtering technique at a relatively low processing temperature (700 °C) and has the potential to be used as a template for III-nitride growth on Si substrates.
Operation of a submicrometer waveguide cross as a spin-wave logic gate
Authors: Nikolaev K. O. , Raskhodchikov D. , Bensmann J. , Lomonte E. , Jin L. , Schmidt R. , Kern J. , de Vasconcellos S. Michaelis , Bratschitsch R. , Demokritov S. O. , Pernice W. H. P. , Demidov V. E.
Published: October 2023

In this experimental study, we explore the potential implementation of logic operations using the interference of propagating spin waves within a device composed of intersecting yttrium iron garnet waveguides with submicrometer width. Our investigation reveals the significant influence of finite-size effects on the performance of the microscopic devices. In particular, we observe that their efficiency depends on the wavelengths of the involved spin waves in relation to the size of the interference region and is reduced by multimode spin-wave propagation. These findings highlight crucial factors to be considered when designing magnonic nanodevices operating with short-wavelength spin waves, providing valuable insights for optimizing their performance in practical applications.
Neutron-powder-diffraction studies of the nuclear and magnetic structure of the double-perovskite CaxSr2−xWMnO6 (x = 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5)
Authors: Yang Yuqi , Wong-Ng Winnie , Huang QingZhen , Dennis Cindi L. , Zhang Wen , Xiong Wanjie
Published: October 2023

The nuclear and magnetic structures of CaxSr2−xWMnO6 (x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5) have been investigated by neutron diffraction at 295, 30 or 40 K, and 4 or 5 K. The compounds crystallized in the monoclinic symmetry with a space group P21/n. The nuclear structure consists of ordered WO6 and Mn2+O6 octahedral frameworks, with lattice constant a decreasing more rapidly than b with increasing Ca content. No structural change was found around the magnetic transition temperature, although the Mn octahedron below the magnetic order temperature exhibited a slightly compressed Jahn–Teller distortion (0.1–0.3 Å) along the c axis. A standard magnetic model was used to solve the magnetic structure, with the Mn magnetic moments ferromagnetically coupled along the a axis and anti-ferromagnetically coupled along the b and c axes, resulting in a magnetic propagation vector of k = (0,1/2, 1/2) and a magnetic superlattice of 1a × 2b × 2c. In each crystallographic cell, the Mn1–Mn2 atoms are antiferromagnetically configurated, compensating the total moment to zero by symmetry. A layer-type magnetism along the (111) crystallographic plane was confirmed to couple antiferromagnetically between these planes and ferromagnetically within them. The magnetic structure refinement confirmed an average Mn moment of 4.5 μB. Also, it reveals that the collinear magnetic Mn configuration has three possible spin orientations, namely, (with their standard deviation) [μx = (3.3 ± 0.4) μB, μy = (2.5 ± 0.3) μB, μz = (−0.7 ± 0.7) μB], [μx = (3.0 ± 0.4) μB, μy = (0.5 ± 0.2) μB, μz = (−2.8 ± 0.2) μB, and [μx = (−1.8 ± 0.4) μB, μy = (2.9 ± 0.2) μB, μz = (−2.4 ± 0.3) μB. The first configuration is estimated to be the ground state, while the other magnetic configurations are an optimum local value derived from the refinements. Combined with the density functional theory calculations, these experimental results confirm a high-spin state Mn2+ (d5) electron configuration.