bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alcohol Consumption Before and After Breast Cancer Diagnosis: Associations With Survival From Breast Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Other Causes
Authors: Newcomb Polly A. , Kampman Ellen , Trentham-Dietz Amy , Egan Kathleen M. , Titus Linda J. , Baron John A. , Hampton John M. , Passarelli Michael N. , Willett Walter C.
Published: April 2013

Purpose

Alcohol intake is associated with increased risk of breast cancer. In contrast, the relation between alcohol consumption and breast cancer survival is less clear.

Patients and Methods

We assessed pre- and postdiagnostic alcohol intake in a cohort of 22,890 women with incident invasive breast cancer who were residents of Wisconsin, Massachusetts, or New Hampshire and diagnosed from 198 to 200 at ages 20 to 79 years. All women reported on prediagnostic intake; a subsample of 4,881 reported on postdiagnostic intake.

Results

During a median follow-up of 11.3 years from diagnosis, 7,780 deaths occurred, including 3,484 resulting from breast cancer. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CIs were estimated. Based on a quadratic analysis, moderate alcohol consumption before diagnosis was modestly associated with disease-specific survival (compared with nondrinkers, HR = 0.93 [95% CI, 0.85 to 1.02], 0.85 [95% CI, 0.75 to 0.95], 0.88 [95% CI, 0.75 to 1.02], and 0.89 [95% CI, 0.77 to 1.04] for two or more, three to six, seven to nine, and ≥ 10 drinks/wk, respectively). Alcohol consumption after diagnosis was not associated with disease-specific survival (compared with nondrinkers, HR = 0.88 [95% CI, 0.61 to 1.27], 0.80 [95% CI, 0.49 to 1.32], 1.01 [95% CI, 0.55 to 1.87], and 0.83 [95% CI, 0.45 to 1.54] for two or more, three to six, seven to nine, and ≥ 10 drinks/wk, respectively). Results did not vary by beverage type. Women consuming moderate levels of alcohol, either before or after diagnosis, experienced better cardiovascular and overall survival than nondrinkers.

Conclusion

Overall alcohol consumption before diagnosis was not associated with disease-specific survival, but we found a suggestion favoring moderate consumption. There was no evidence for an association with postdiagnosis alcohol intake and breast cancer survival. This study, however, does provide support for a benefit of limited alcohol intake for cardiovascular and overall survival in women with breast cancer.
Risk of Colorectal Cancer After Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Singh Harminder , Nugent Zoann , Demers Alain , Czaykowski Piotr M. , Mahmud Salaheddin M.
Published: April 2013

Purpose

Site-specific risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) among survivors of endometrial cancer (EC) is not known. The objective of the present study was to assess the risk of CRC (overall and subsite specific) among EC survivors.

Methods

A historical cohort study was performed by linking the Manitoba Cancer Registry and the Manitoba Health administrative databases. Each subject diagnosed with EC as her first cancer between 1987 and 2008 was age matched with up to five women with no history of invasive cancer on the index date (date of EC diagnosis). All subjects were followed up to the date of diagnosis of CRC or another cancer, death, migration, or study end point (December 31, 2009). Competing-risk proportional hazards models were used to compare the CRC incidence rates with adjustment for age, history of lower gastrointestinal endoscopy, and socioeconomic status. There were three mutually exclusive (and competing) outcomes: CRC, another primary cancer, and death.

Results

A total of 3,115 women with EC and 15,084 without EC were followed up for a total of 145,502 person-years. Women diagnosed with EC at age ≤ 50 years had an increased risk of being diagnosed with CRC (all CRC: hazard ratio [HR] = 4.41; 95% CI, 1.47 to 13.26; right-sided CRC: HR = 7.48; 95% CI, 1.29 to 43.28). There was no increased risk of all CRC among women 51 to 65 years of age or those older than 65 years at the time of EC diagnosis. However, women 51 to 65 years of age at EC diagnosis had an increased risk of right-sided CRC (HR = 2.30; 95% CI, 1.05 to 5.01).

Conclusion

This study suggests young women (age ≤ 50 years) with EC are at increased risk of CRC; risk of right-sided CRC is also increased in women 51 to 65 years old at EC diagnosis.
BEND6 is a nuclear antagonist of Notch signaling during self-renewal of neural stem cells
Authors: Dai Qi , Andreu-Agullo Celia , Insolera Ryan , Wong Li Chin , Shi Song-Hai , Lai Eric C.
Published: April 2013

The activity of the Notch pathway revolves around a CSL-class transcription factor, which recruits distinct complexes that activate or repress target gene expression. The co-activator complex is deeply conserved and includes the cleaved Notch intracellular domain (NICD) and Mastermind. By contrast, numerous CSL co-repressor proteins have been identified, and these are mostly different between invertebrate and vertebrate systems. In this study, we demonstrate that mammalian BEND6 is a neural BEN-solo factor that shares many functional attributes with Drosophila Insensitive, a co-repressor for the Drosophila CSL factor. BEND6 binds the mammalian CSL protein CBF1 and antagonizes Notch-dependent target activation. In addition, its association with Notch- and CBF1-regulated enhancers is promoted by CBF1 and antagonized by activated Notch. In utero electroporation experiments showed that ectopic BEND6 inhibited Notch-mediated self-renewal of neocortical neural stem cells and promoted neurogenesis. Conversely, knockdown of BEND6 increased NSC self-renewal in wild-type neocortex, and exhibited genetic interactions with gain and loss of Notch pathway activity. We recapitulated all of these findings in cultured neurospheres, in which overexpression and depletion of BEND6 caused reciprocal effects on neural stem cell renewal and neurogenesis. These data reveal a novel mammalian CSL co-repressor in the nervous system, and show that the Notch-inhibitory activity of certain BEN-solo proteins is conserved between flies and mammals.
Fkbp1a controls ventricular myocardium trabeculation and compaction by regulating endocardial Notch1 activity
Authors: Chen Hanying , Zhang Wenjun , Sun Xiaoxin , Yoshimoto Momoko , Chen Zhuang , Zhu Wuqiang , Liu Jijia , Shen Yadan , Yong Weidong , Li Deqiang , Zhang Jin , Lin Yang , Li Baiyan , VanDusen Nathan J. , Snider Paige , Schwartz Robert J. , Conway Simon J. , Field Loren J. , Yoder Mervin C. , Firulli Anthony B. , Carlesso Nadia , Towbin Jeffrey A. , Shou Weinian
Published: April 2013

Trabeculation and compaction of the embryonic myocardium are morphogenetic events crucial for the formation and function of the ventricular walls. Fkbp1a (FKBP12) is a ubiquitously expressed cis-trans peptidyl-prolyl isomerase. Fkbp1a-deficient mice develop ventricular hypertrabeculation and noncompaction. To determine the physiological function of Fkbp1a in regulating the intercellular and intracellular signaling pathways involved in ventricular trabeculation and compaction, we generated a series of Fkbp1a conditional knockouts. Surprisingly, cardiomyocyte-restricted ablation of Fkbp1a did not give rise to the ventricular developmental defect, whereas endothelial cell-restricted ablation of Fkbp1a recapitulated the ventricular hypertrabeculation and noncompaction observed in Fkbp1a systemically deficient mice, suggesting an important contribution of Fkbp1a within the developing endocardia in regulating the morphogenesis of ventricular trabeculation and compaction. Further analysis demonstrated that Fkbp1a is a novel negative modulator of activated Notch1. Activated Notch1 (N1ICD) was significantly upregulated in Fkbp1a-ablated endothelial cells in vivo and in vitro. Overexpression of Fkbp1a significantly reduced the stability of N1ICD and direct inhibition of Notch signaling significantly reduced hypertrabeculation in Fkbp1a-deficient mice. Our findings suggest that Fkbp1a-mediated regulation of Notch1 plays an important role in intercellular communication between endocardium and myocardium, which is crucial in controlling the formation of the ventricular walls.
An estimation of the prevalence of nonmelanoma skin cancer in the U.S.
Authors: Perera Eshini , Sinclair Rodney
Published: April 2013

Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia and has a significant impact on the cost of and use of healthcare resources. Current estimates of NMSC in the USA are 3.5 million cases in 2010 compared to 1.63 million cases of all other cancers combined.  However, we believe that this figure significantly underestimates the prevalence of NMSC in the USA.  We calculated that melanoma is diagnosed 5.7 times more in the USA than in Australia.  In Australia, in 2010, there were 767,000 NMSC diagnoses.  If the ratio of melanoma: NMSC is constant in both Australia and the USA, then there should be 5.7 times the number of NMSC in the USA or 4.3 million cases.  The assumptions that underlie this calculation are discussed.
Parental Perceptions of Forgoing Artificial Nutrition and Hydration During End-of-Life Care
Authors: Rapoport Adam , Shaheed Jenny , Newman Christine , Rugg Maria , Steele Rose
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Forgoing artificial nutrition and hydration (FANH) in children at the end of life (EOL) is a medically, legally, and ethically acceptable practice under specific circumstances. However, most of the evidence on FANH involves dying adults. There is a paucity of pediatric evidence to guide health care providers’ and parents’ decision-making around this practice. Objectives were (1) to explore the experiences of bereaved parents when a decision had been made to FANH during EOL care for their child and (2) to describe the perceived quality of death in these children, as reported by their parents.

METHODS:

This was a qualitative study using in-depth interviews with parents whose children died after a decision to FANH. Parental perceptions about the experience and their child’s quality of death were explored. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed, then data were analyzed by using interpretive description methodology.

RESULTS:

All parents were satisfied with their decision to FANH and believed that their child’s death was generally peaceful and comfortable. The child’s perceived poor quality of life was central to the decision to FANH, with feeding intolerance often contributing to this perception. Despite overall satisfaction, all parents had doubts and questions about the decision and benefited from ongoing assurances from the clinical team.

CONCLUSIONS:

FANH in children at the EOL is an acceptable form of palliation for some parents and may contribute to a death that is perceived to be peaceful and comfortable. In situations in which FANH may be a reasonable possibility, physicians should be prepared to introduce the option.
Galactose-α-1,3-galactose and Delayed Anaphylaxis, Angioedema, and Urticaria in Children
Authors: Kennedy Joshua L. , Stallings Amy P. , Platts-Mills Thomas A.E. , Oliveira Walter M. , Workman Lisa , James Haley R. , Tripathi Anubha , Lane Charles J. , Matos Luis , Heymann Peter W. , Commins Scott P.
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Despite a thorough history and comprehensive testing, many children who present with recurrent symptoms consistent with allergic reactions elude diagnosis. Recent research has identified a novel cause for “idiopathic” allergic reactions; immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody specific for the carbohydrate galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) has been associated with delayed urticaria and anaphylaxis that occurs 3 to 6 hours after eating beef, pork, or lamb. We sought to determine whether IgE antibody to α-Gal was present in sera of pediatric patients who reported idiopathic anaphylaxis or urticaria.

METHODS:

Patients aged 4 to 17 were enrolled in an institutional review board–approved protocol at the University of Virginia and private practice allergy offices in Lynchburg, VA. Sera was obtained and analyzed by ImmunoCAP for total IgE and specific IgE to α-Gal, beef, pork, cat epithelium and dander, Fel d 1, dog dander, and milk.

RESULTS:

Forty-five pediatric patients were identified who had both clinical histories supporting delayed anaphylaxis or urticaria to mammalian meat and IgE antibody specific for α-Gal. In addition, most of these cases had a history of tick bites within the past year, which itched and persisted.

CONCLUSIONS:

A novel form of anaphylaxis and urticaria that occurs 3 to 6 hours after eating mammalian meat is not uncommon among children in our area. Identification of these cases may not be straightforward and diagnosis is best confirmed by specific testing, which should certainly be considered for children living in the area where the Lone Star tick is common.
Development of lupus erythematosus during infliximab treatment
Authors: Gyöngyösi Nóra , Lőrincz Kende , Kárpáti Sarolta , Wikonkál Norbert
Published: April 2013

Infliximab is a TNFα inhibiting recombinant monoclonal antibody, which provides an efficient therapeutic opportunity in the treatment of psoriasis and other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. It is well tolerated and improves quality of life significantly. The authors present a case of drug-induced lupus erythematosus as a possible side effect of this medication. The patient developed psoriasis 9 years ago when she was on beta-receptor blocker therapy. The symptoms deteriorated despite topical and systemic treatments and, therefore, biological therapy was introduced. In the third year of treatment drug-induced lupus erythematosus was diagnosed on the background of general symptoms. After cessation of the biologic treatment a low dose corticosteroid therapy was introduced which proved to be effective. Symptoms as well as pathological laboratory parameters showed an improvement. The authors conclude that biologicals are effective and safe in the treatment of psoriasis, nevertheless, they have risks too. To reduce side effects a meticulous follow-up of patients is essential. Any general symptom requires careful examination since they might be linked to serious side effects of the biological therapy. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 590–598.
The design and construction of the new Mizen Head Footbridge, Ireland
Authors: Ruane Kieran , Coleman Murt , Collery Enda , Lehane Eoghan , Minihane Brendan , O'Donovan Ross , O'Keeffe Noel , Power Kevin
Published: April 2013

Mizen Head Footbridge in County Cork, Ireland, is a reinforced concrete through-arch structure spanning 50 m. The original structure was completed in 1909. After 100 years of service the bridge was demolished and reconstructed in 2009/10. This paper describes the design and construction challenges of safely demolishing and reconstructing the bridge in a difficult site location. The bridge provided access to a lighthouse on a tiny island, Cloghán, at the tip of Mizen Head in southwest Cork. The original structure was commissioned by the Commissioners of Irish Lights (CIL). The structural form was chosen from a design competition held in the early 1900s. The entries to this competition are held in the CIL archives and are on display in the Visitors' Centre at Mizen Head.
The base resistance of non-displacement piles in sand. Part I: field tests
Authors: Gavin Kenneth , Cadogan David , Tolooiyan Ali , Casey Patrick
Published: April 2013

This paper presents the results of full-scale load tests performed to investigate the end bearing pressure mobilised by continuous flight auger piles installed in sand. In particular, the tests considered the effects of the footing width and, by varying the load test procedure (from maintained load test to constant rate of penetration), allowed quantification of creep effects. By comparing the load test results with in situ test results from cone penetration tests, correlations between the end bearing pressure mobilised at normalised settlement levels of 10% of the footing width and the cone penetration test qc value were studied. For the maintained load tests, these correlations were found to be similar to those used in routine design practice. When creep effects were reduced using constant rate of penetration load testing, the end bearing pressure mobilised was significantly higher than that assumed in normal practice, and it was in keeping with the results of finite-element analyses performed using a soil model that ignored creep. In the final section, the field test results are compared to database pile load tests performed on non-displacement piles in sand.
Modelling and optimized water management of artificial inland waterway systems
Authors: Wagenpfeil J. , Arnold E. , Linke H. , Sawodny O.
Published: April 2013

A decision support system (DSS) for optimized operational water management of artificial inland waterways is presented. It will be deployed as part of a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system of the Mittellandkanal (MLK), a large canal structure in northern Germany, and relies on experience gained from a similar system. The DSS uses a model predictive controller with a 48 h prediction horizon to calculate optimal pump and discharge strategies that will ensure navigable water levels and at the same time minimize operational costs. The internal process model for the model predictive controller is obtained from a numerical integration of the Saint Venant equations using Godunov's method. The initial state needed for an accurate prediction is estimated using moving horizon state estimation (MHE) or unscented Kalman filtering. Additionally, the state estimation methods are used to estimate non-measurable disturbance inflows, which may have a strong impact on the control performance if not compensated for by the model predictive controller. The optimal control strategy is transformed into discrete-valued pump and discharge jobs that account for technical and operational input constraints. Closed-loop simulations with a high-resolution hydrodynamic numerical model of the MLK illustrate the ability of the control algorithm to adapt to model uncertainties and non-controllable inputs.
Flooding management using hybrid model predictive control: application to the Spanish Ebro River
Authors: Romera J. , Ocampo-Martinez C. , Puig V. , Quevedo J.
Published: April 2013

In this paper, the problem of flooding management using hybrid model predictive control is presented and applied to the Ebro River in Spain. The Ebro River presents flooding episodes in the city of Zaragoza during spring when snow melts in the Pyrenees. To avoid flooding in populated areas, some land outside the city is prepared for flooding. This paper presents a control approach to determine and fix the level of flooding in pre-established zones by controlling side gates that determine the water input to the land to be flooded. Finally, several scenarios are used to validate the performance of the proposed approach.
Continuous nonlinear model predictive control of a hybrid water system
Authors: Nederkoorn Eelco , Schuurmans Jan , Grispen Joep , Schuurmans Wytze
Published: April 2013

Incorporating weather forecasts in the control of land surface water levels requires predictions of the net inflow to the water system. This net inflow is the combined flow of an incoming load (rain, evaporation, etc.) and outgoing pump rates. Because the pump costs are considerable, optimal pump schedules have minimal energy consumption. Model predictive control (MPC) is able to compute, revise and apply such optimized schedules by incorporating a model of the water system. The pumps typically cause discontinuities in the model, which leads to mathematical complications. Avoiding advanced solving techniques for these hybrid systems, this paper introduces an alternative that enables pure continuous MPC by smoothing the jumps. Although the resulting underlying model is continuous, it is also highly nonlinear. This requires use of the specialized class of nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC), which is able to cope with the arising nonlinearities. Control inputs computed by these methods can be translated to the original hybrid system by a final post-processing step. This paper presents the outlined scheme, and verifies it by applying an optimized NMPC implementation (the DotX nonlinear predictive controller, DNPC), equipped with the approximated continuous nonlinear model, to a real-life hybrid water system.
Optimization of pollution control performance of wet detention ponds in tropical urban catchments using particle swarm optimization
Authors: Dan'azumi Salisu , Shamsudin Supiah , Aris Azmi
Published: April 2013

Wet detention ponds are the best management systems for the control of urban stormwater. The objective of this study is to develop optimum pollution control performance of wet detention ponds using an analytical probabilistic model (APM) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). An urban catchment, in a tropical region, was selected as a case study and APM parameters were developed using long-term rainfall data. Firstly, the active storage was kept constant while the permanent pool was varied and PSO simulations conducted. Secondly, PSO simulations were conducted, keeping the permanent pool constant and varying the active storage. The pollution control increased with increasing detention time, reached a peak value and thereafter declined. However, the pollution control was more sensitive to permanent pool than active storage as higher pollution control is attained at a shorter time using the former. The PSO captures the optimum detention time and the corresponding peak pollution control performance by five iterations and the computational time required for the PSO is much shorter than the APM which has to be exhaustively enumerated. The optimum detention time in tropical climates is found to be shorter than temperate regions and recommendations given in existing literature cannot be applied to tropical regions.
Adaptive control of algae detachment in regulated canal networks
Authors: Fovet Ophélie , Litrico Xavier , Belaud Gilles , Genthon Olivier
Published: April 2013

Open-channel distribution networks are subject to algal developments that can induce major disturbances such as clogging of hydraulic devices (pipes, weirs, filters, flow meters). Flushes can be used as a strategy to manage these algae developments. A flush is carried out by increasing the hydraulic shear conditions using hydraulic control structures of the canal network. In response to the shear stress increase, a part of the fixed algae is detached, then re-suspended into the water column, and finally transported downstream. This leads to a peak of turbidity that has to be controlled. In this paper, we develop a distributed linear model of the turbidity dynamics that is used for real-time adaptive control of the flushes. Simulations show the effectiveness of the adaptive controller, which can, at the same time, estimate the gain of the system, linked to the amount of initial fixed biomass, and perform a flush without exceeding the turbidity limit.
Ceramic Fragments and Metal-free Full Crowns: A Conservative Esthetic Option for Closing Diastemas and Rehabilitating Smiles
Authors: Miranda ME , Olivieri KA , Rigolin FJ , Basting RT
Published: April 2013

Dental ceramics make it possible to restore anterior teeth that have been esthetically compromised, presenting a high resistance to wear, biocompatibility, color stability, and low thermal conductivity. The development of different types of ceramic and techniques for adhesive cementation have made it possible to produce more conservative restorations without involving the healthy dental structure and with minimally invasive preparation, such as the bonding of ceramic fragments. The purpose of this article is to describe a clinical case in which diastemas were closed by using nanofluorapatite ceramic (e.max Ceram, Ivoclar-Vivadent) fragments on teeth 7 and 10 with minimal tooth preparation and metal-free ceramic crowns (e-max Ceram) reinforced with zirconia copings through a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing system (Lava, 3M-ESPE) on teeth 8 and 9.
Sealing Properties of Three Luting Agents Used for Complete Cast Crowns: A Bacterial Leakage Study
Authors: Zmener O , Pameijer CH , Rincon SMH , Serrano SA , Chaves C
Published: April 2013

Objective

To assess the sealing properties of three different luting materials used for cementation of full cast crowns on extracted human premolars.

Methods

Thirty noncarious human premolars were prepared in a standardized fashion for full cast crown restorations. All margins were placed in dentin. After impressions of the preparations, stone dies were fabricated on which copings were waxed, which were cast in type III alloy using standardized laboratory methods. Teeth were randomly assigned to three groups of 10 samples each (n=10), for which the following cements were used: 1) a resin-modified glass ionomer cement, Rely X Luting Plus (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA); 2) a self-adhesive resin cement, Maxcem Elite (Kerr Corporation, Orange, CA, USA); and 3) a glass ionomer cement, Ketac Cem (3M ESPE), the latter used as control. After cementation the samples were allowed to bench-set for 10 minutes, stored in water at 37°C, subjected to thermal cycling (2000×, between 5°C and 55°C, dwell time 35 seconds), and then stored in sterile phosphate buffer for seven days at 37°C. Subsequently, the occlusal surface was carefully reduced until the dentin was exposed. Finishing on wet sand paper removed the gold flash caused by grinding. After sterilization, the specimens were subjected to bacterial microleakage in a dual chamber apparatus for 60 days. Bacterial leakage was checked daily. Data were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier survival test. Significant pairwise differences were analyzed using the log-rank test followed by Fisher exact test at a p<0.05 level of significance.

Results

Rely X Luting Plus showed the lowest microleakage scores, which statistically differed significantly from Maxcem Elite and Ketac Cem (p<0.05).

Conclusions

Rely X Luting Plus cement displayed significantly lower microleakage scores than a self-adhesive resin-based and conventional glass ionomer cement.
Was There Really a Social Efficiency Doctrine? The Uses and Abuses of an Idea in Educational History
Authors: Fallace Thomas , Fantozzi Victoria
Published: April 2013

In the historiography on curriculum reform during the progressive era, one interpretive lens has dominated the study of 20th-century reform for more than 40 years: the idea of the social efficiency doctrine. In this historiographical essay, the authors briefly trace the rise of social efficiency as an idea in curriculum history, identify the four common assertions on which it is based, review the recent studies that challenge these assertions, and finally, suggest some ways to rescue the term from overuse and abuse. The authors argue that, historically speaking, social efficiency was a widely used, poorly defined, highly problematic term that had multiple uses for multiple scholars between the 1890s and the 1930s. Historiographically speaking, the authors argue the idea of the social efficiency doctrine has been an inconsistent, heterogeneous, and imprecise lens through which to explain long-term curriculum change.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with MicroRNA Regulation
Authors: Jin Yu , Lee Caroline
Published: April 2013

Since the discovery of microRNA (miRNA), the polymorphisms that affect miRNA regulation had been extensively investigated by many independent studies. Recently, researchers utilized bioinformatics and statistical approaches for genome-wide analysis on the human polymorphisms that reside in the miRNA genes, targets, and/or genes involved in miRNA processing. In this review, we will give an overview about the important findings of these studies from three perspectives: architecture of the polymorphisms within miRNAs or their targets, potential functional consequences of the polymorphisms on miRNA processing or targeting, and the associations of the polymorphisms with miRNA or target gene expression. The results of the previous studies demonstrated the signatures of natural selections on the miRNA genes and their targets, and proposed a collection of potentially functional, expression-associated, and/or positively selected polymorphisms that are promising for further investigations. In the meantime, a few useful resources about the polymorphic miRNA regulation have been developed and the different features of these databases were discussed in this review. Though recent research had benefited from these comprehensive studies and resources, there were still gaps in our knowledge about the polymorphisms involved in miRNA regulation, and future investigations were expected to address these questions.
Spatial Evolution of the Chromium Contamination in Soils from the Assopos to Thiva Basin and C. Evia (Greece) and Potential Source(s): Anthropogenic versus Natural Processes
Authors: Economou-Eliopoulos Maria , Megremi Ifigeneia , Atsarou Cathy , Theodoratou Christina , Vasilatos Charalambos
Published: April 2013

The investigation of the contamination in soil, plants and groundwater revealed a spatial evolution, with an increasing trend in the Cr, Fe, Ni, Mn and Co contents in soils from the Assopos to Thiva basin, followed by C. Evia and Ni-laterite deposits, suggesting that the latter and their parent ophiolites are a potential source for these metals. In contrast, the contamination in groundwater by Cr(VI), ranging from 2 to 360 μg/L Cr, and a varying degree of salinization is probably due to both human activities and natural processes. A diverse source for the contamination of soil and groundwater in the Assopos-Thiva basins is consistent with the increasing trend of the Mg/Si ratio and Cr(VI) concentration in water. The use of deep karst-type aquifer instead of the shallow-Neogene one may provide a solution to the crucial environmental problem. The selective extraction by EDTA and alkaline solution showed that Cr and Fe are less available than Mn. The Cr contents in plants range from <1 to tens of mg/kg, due probably to the high resistance of chromite. However, the average Crtotal contents in plants/crops are higher than normal or sufficient values, whilst Crtotal accumulation [(% metals in plants × 100)/metal in soil] and Cr(VI) accumulation are relatively low. There is a very good positive correlation between accumulation factors for Cr and Fe (R2 = 0.92), suggesting a similarity concerning their uptake.
A Molecular Dynamics Study of the Structural and Dynamical Properties of Putative Arsenic Substituted Lipid Bilayers
Authors: Tsai Hui-Hsu , Lee Jian-Bin , Huang Jian-Ming , Juwita Ratna
Published: April 2013

Cell membranes are composed mainly of phospholipids which are in turn, composed of five major chemical elements: carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus. Recent studies have suggested the possibility of sustaining life if the phosphorus is substituted by arsenic. Although this issue is still controversial, it is of interest to investigate the properties of arsenated-lipid bilayers to evaluate this possibility. In this study, we simulated arsenated-lipid, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-arsenocholine (POAC), lipid bilayers using all-atom molecular dynamics to understand basic structural and dynamical properties, in particular, the differences from analogous 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, (POPC) lipid bilayers. Our simulations showed that POAC lipid bilayers have distinct structural and dynamical properties from those of native POPC lipid bilayers. Relative to POPC lipid bilayers, POAC lipid bilayers have a more compact structure with smaller lateral areas and greater order. The compact structure of POAC lipid bilayers is due to the fact that more inter-lipid salt bridges are formed with arsenate-choline compared to the phosphate-choline of POPC lipid bilayers. These inter-lipid salt bridges bind POAC lipids together and also slow down the head group rotation and lateral diffusion of POAC lipids. Thus, it would be anticipated that POAC and POPC lipid bilayers would have different biological implications.
Development of Fe-B Based Bulk Metallic Glasses: Morphology of Residual Phases in Fe50Ni16Mo6B18Zr10 Glass
Authors: Aboki Tiburce
Published: April 2013

Iron-boron based bulk metallic glasses (BMG) development has been initiated using Fe40Ni38Mo4B18 as precursor. Addition of zirconium up to 10 atomic % along with the reduction of Ni proportion improves the glass forming ability (GFA), which is optimum when Ni is suppressed in the alloy. However melting instability occurred during the materials fabrication resulting in the formation of residual crystalline phases closely related to the amorphous phase. Microstructure study shows an evolution from amorphous structure to peculiar acicular structure, particularly for Fe50Ni16Mo6B18Zr10, suggesting the amorphous structure as interconnected atomic sheets like “atomic mille feuilles” whose growth affects the alloys’ GFA.
Le plan du palais d'Ulysse d'après l'Odyssée
Authors: Bérard Jean
Published: April 2013

En s'aidant de l'archéologie mycénienne et à partir des indications fournies par l'Odyssée même, on peut, semble-t-il, reconstituer de manière assez précise le schéma de ce palais tel que l'imaginait le Poète (mégaron avec une seule grande porte et un seul vestibule, disposition des prétendants pour le festin, orsothyrè, laurè, rôges, appartements privés, trésor).
Dionysius of Halicarnassus and some Demosthenic dates
Authors: Sealey Raphael
Published: April 2013

Denys d'Halicarnasse est notre principale source de renseignements sur la chronologie des discours politiques de Démosthène. L'auteur du présent article soumet à un examen critique les dates proposées par Denys ; il établit qu'elles sont pour la plupart exactes. Il traite aussi des problèmes relatifs à des discours particuliers : la date qu'assigne Denys à la première Philippique (Dém. IV) est selon lui vraisemblable ; là composition des différentes parties du plaidoyer Contre Meidias (Dém. XXI) s'est étendue par contre sur plusieurs années. L'auteur propose enfin une hypothèse nouvelle sur les rapports existant entre le discours sur les Affaires de Chersonèse (Dém. VIII) et la quatrième Philippique (Dém. X). Un appendice est consacré à la chronologie de la Guerre sociale.
Le Platon de Théodoret. Les citations des Lois et de l'Epinomis
Authors: Des Places Édouard
Published: April 2013

Les citations de Platon chez Théodoret, dans la Curatio (« Traitement des maladies païennes »), ne présentent pas le même intérêt que celles d'Eusèbe pour l'établissement du texte de Platon ; mais elles témoignent d'un goût sûr et d'un réel talent dans la façon d'amener et d'utiliser les emprunts, ainsi que d'une attitude où la sympathie l'emporte sur la défiance à l'égard de la sagesse grecque.
Observations sur la légende de Persée
Authors: Dugas Charles
Published: April 2013

M. Dugas présente quelques observations sur la légende de Persée, en particulier sur certains épisodes peu connus de son retour dans les Cyclades, après son expédition au pays des Gorgones. Il insiste notamment sur son passage chez les Cyclopes ; l'idée de ce passage a certainement été inspirée par la vue des monuments d'Argolide qui leur sont unanimement attribués. Ces Cyclopes sont des Cyclopes constructeurs, bons ouvriers du bâtiment, qui venaient vraisemblablement d'Asie Mineure. Persée, futur roi d'Argos et fondateur de Mycènes s'est préoccupé, dès son retour victorieux du pays des Gorgones, de les ramener et a fait un arrêt dans leur pays. M. Dugas signale en terminant la noblesse du caractère de Persée : si l'ensemble de sa légende n'est pas plus populaire dans l'antiquité grecque, cela tient vraisemblablement au fait, qu'il n'est pas athénien ; c'est un héros argien, dont la réputation a du rester surtout provinciale.
Sur deux vers controversés de Synésios ; Υμνος Εβδομος ( VIII, 29-30)
Authors: Lacombrade Christian
Published: April 2013

Une analyse plus méthodique de l'Hymne VIII (numérotation traditionnelle), aidée de la correction adoptée par Wilamowitz au v. 29, à laquelle un élément nouveau fournit une confirmation difficilement contestable, permet d'assigner à la composition du poème la date de 403-404.
Sur deux fragments de Parménide (4 et 16)
Authors: Bollack Jean
Published: April 2013

Par l'étude grammaticale du fragment 4, l'auteur cherche à montrer que les vers appartiennent à la deuxième partie du poème, réservée aux Opinions, et que l'exhortation qu'on y trouve formulée concerne l'expérience de notre univers, et non la contemplation de l'Être vrai. Ces vers doivent donc être rapprochés du fragment 16, où il convient de donner à πλέον le sens de « plein » (et non de « prédominant »). Les deux textes réunis font valoir les prédicats de continuité, de cohérence et de plénitude, qui reviendraient à une forme d'être saisissable dans l'univers des choses devenues. L'étude des deux fragments forme ainsi une contribution au problème, essentiel pour la compréhension du poème de Parménide, des liens qui unissent les deux parties de l'œuvre, l'Être et les apparences.
La tradition manuscrite des « Cent Chapitres » de Diadoque de Photicé
Authors: Des Places Édouard
Published: April 2013

La collation, enfin possible sur microfilm, du plus ancien témoin, M = Moscou St-Synode gr. 184 (Vladimir), de l'an 899, révèle sur certains points un accord encore plus étroit avec c (Coislin 153), qui cependant sur d'autres se sépare du ms. de Moscou ; il est peut-être plus prudent de leur supposer un modèle commun que de faire de c la copie de M. Un autre ms. est redevenu accessible, Κ (Montecassino, Casinensis LL 231), du XIe s. ; ce n'est qu'une copie de a (Paris, gr. 913) ; il n'a donc pas ordinairement à intervenir dans l'apparat. Suit une liste de recentiores (XIIe-XVIIIe s.), probablement incomplète.
AIcméon et les cycles physiologiques de Platon
Authors: Mugler Charles
Published: April 2013

Le fragment 2 d'AIcméon, dont le souvenir peut se poursuivre jusque dans la poésie de Goethe, ne s'explique pas par la note 24 AI de Diogène, mais par la théorie des cycles physiologiques prêtée au Crotoniate par Aétius, théorie dont Platon semble s'être inspiré pour sa physiologie de la respiration et de la nutrition dans le Timée.
Locus difficilior Luciani (De Morte Peregrini, § 11)
Authors: Lacombrade Christian
Published: April 2013

Au § 11 du De morte Peregrini, le rétablissement d'une syllabe, tombée par haplographie, restitue un sens satisfaisant au passage entre tous contesté, où Lucien évoque la personne du Christ.
Sur un florilège philonien. Notes complémentaires
Authors: Cadiou René
Published: April 2013

Une section secondaire du Florilège philonien témoigne de vues un peu générales. Il rejoint des commentaires de livres sacrés, légalistes ou sapientiels. Mais le jugement drastique tend à s'identifier à celui des sectes « nazir », et ne diffère pas en substance de certains logia paraévangéliques.
Notules mycéniennes
Authors: Taillardat Jean
Published: April 2013

I. On peut interpréter par καλεῖν « convoquer en assemblée » les substantifs mycéniens korele ( = κολετήρ, cf. nom. καλήτωρ) et damokoro (= δᾱμοκόλος) : ils désignent des notables chargés de convoquer l'assemblée du peuple. — II. pasaro kuruso api ionijo (PV Ta 716) est peut-être ψαλὼ χρυσὼ ἀμφιστορνίω « boucles en or fixées sur leurs ceinturons » ; wao (ibid.) serait un nom du bouclier et l'idéogramme 232 représenterait Bouclier + ceinturon. — III. terejae est le dénominatif d'un substantif *τελείᾱ (fém.) ; il paraît entrer dans la série des infinitifs grecs formés sur base athématique à voyelle longue et représente vraisemblablement* τελειᾱ-[σ]εν > τελειᾱεν.
La notion mythique d'Ἀλήθεια
Authors: Détienne Marcel
Published: April 2013

Certains textes permettent d'établir qu'Ἀλήθεια est composé d'ἀ- privatif et de λήθη et que la notion de « vérité » dans la pensée mythique est un doublet de la notion de mémoire.
Note sur προούσιος et πρόνοια chez Proclus
Authors: Trouillard Jean
Published: April 2013

Le προούσιος de In Rempublicam I, 266, fait comprendre l'ὑπερούσιος qu'il rappelle. Il faut rapprocher προούσιος de πρόνοια, que Proclus définit comme Plotin (Enn., V. 3. 10) : « une activité antérieure à la pensée ». La substitution de πρό à ὑπέρ suggère non plus le dépassement vers un transcendant, mais la régression vers un état qui fonde l'essence et l'esprit. Se retournant vers lui-même et sa puissance de négation, le moi libère une infinie communication génératrice de sa vie multiforme. Mais ne pouvant se représenter cet en-deçà, il le projette en au-delà.
Aspects pastoraux de la poésie homérique : les comparaisons dans l'Iliade.
Authors: Duchemin Jacqueline
Published: April 2013

L'épopée homérique, en l'état connu de nous, présente encore des traces visibles d'antiques stratifications pastorales. Une étude (entre autres) des comparaisons dans l'Iliade le fait clairement apparaître. Leur classement est d'abord instructif et met en évidence la prépondérance des thèmes empruntés à la vie des chasseurs et des pasteurs, les préoccupations de ceux-ci expliquant pour une très large part l'activité de ceux-là, ordonnée autour de la protection du bétail contre les fauves. Les notations et descriptions s'appliquant au paysage viennent à l'appui de ce point de vue, ainsi que l'intervention remarquable, en qualité d'observateur attentif, du pâtre inspectant l'horizon. Des rapprochements qui se présentent entre certains motifs familiers à l'épopée et ceux que mettent en œuvre les Fables d'Ésope nous donnent quelque idée de la matière primitive où pouvaient puiser les premiers auteurs de poèmes épiques.
The composition of the Works and Days
Authors: Walcot Peter
Published: April 2013

En comparant la « Théogonie » et les « Travaux et les Jours », ou bien Hésiode et Homère, nous pouvons voir comment l'adoption de l'écriture entraîna certaines modifications dans la tradition orale des aèdes. Elle permit à Hésiode de faire l'essai de nouvelles formes, à partir surtout de la technique de la composition « annulaire ». Grâce à celle-ci, il réussit à introduire un élément de continuité dans les « Travaux et les Jours ». Elle est, pour ainsi dire, le ciment du poème et lui confère cette essentielle unité de structure qui se révèle à l'analyse. Au reste, Hésiode ne se limite pas à la répétition des mêmes mots et des mêmes formules, il fait également usage de sentiments et d'idées analogues.
Perspectives nouvelles sur les Hymnes de Synésios.
Authors: Lacombrade Christian
Published: April 2013

La coexistence et les caractéristiques des deux familles de mss qui nous ont transmis le texte des Hymnes se trouvent expliquées si l'on suppose un archétype rédigé, non sur codex, mais sur valumen (ce dernier fait partie du matériel d'écriture couramment utilisé par Synésios). Une telle hypothèse justifie le crédit accordé aux mss de la famille β. Ceux-ci, en particulier, reproduisent — comme N. Terzaghi l'a pressenti — la série des pièces dans l'ordre même où elles figuraient dans l'archétype. Il apparaît néanmoins sans objet de rechercher, à travers cette succession, les traces d'une évolution religieuse nette : la durée relativement courte de l'élaboration du recueil (402- 404), et la révision — incomplète — que l'auteur lui a fait subir interdisent, en droit comme en fait, la moindre interprétation dans ce sens.
Le guetteur et la cible : les deux sens de skopos dans la langue religieuse des Chrétiens
Authors: Harl Marguerite
Published: April 2013

Σκοπός revêt des significations nombreuses dans divers contextes spirituels. Habituellement, c'est la « fin » visée par la religion, l'idéal religieux, et, notamment, à partir du IVe siècle, l'idéal ascétique et mystique des moines. C'est aussi le « dessein » providentiel de Dieu et « l'intention » libre de l'homme. Mais on peut suivre plusieurs autres développements parallèles du terme : le σκοπός-guetteur survit dans la citation d'Ézéchiel 33, 7 ; la fonction du prophète devient naturellement celle du prêtre et du maître spirituel : il doit « surveiller » le peuple chrétien, avertir et corriger par la parole ; son silence sera jugé par Dieu. Σκοπός désigne parfois la « règle » ecclésiastique, il est alors synonyme de κανών et d'ôpoς. Enfin — et ceci semble dit ici pour la première fois — σκοπός désigne la cible en tant qu'elle sert de modèle proposé à Vimitation de Vhomme pour son action ; σκοπός est alors un équivalent de τύπος, υπόδειγμα, ύπογραμμός, παράδειγμα, etc. Ce sens permet d'interpréter d'une manière plus satisfaisante un certain nombre de textes, de la lre Êpître de Clément à Grégoire de Nysse par exemple, où se trouve évoquée la doctrine chrétienne de l'éducation religieuse par l'imitation des vertus. Dieu a proposé des modèles divers, σκοποί.
Hom. ἐύκτιτoν Αἰπύ et les tablettes de Pylos
Authors: Lejeune Michel
Published: April 2013

L'identification traditionnelle de Αἰπύ (ville du royaume de Nestor, Β 592) et de apu₂ (chef-lieu d'un canton pylien dans les tablettes d'âge mycénien) est à mettre en doute, pour des raisons philologiques. Discussions sur les emplois des signes a et a₃, pu et pu₂ en linéaire B, et sur la flexion des thèmes en -u- en grec mycénien.
Pindare, le prétendu Trésor des Crétois et l'ancienne statue d'Apollon à Delphes
Authors: Roux Georges
Published: April 2013

La Ve Pythique (44-56) prouve que le char d'Arcésilas fut suspendu à la charpente dans le temple d'Apollon à Delphes. Autres exemples de cet usage. Il se trouvait auprès d'un vieux xoanon offert par les Cretois, la vieille statue de culte. Exemples d'άνδριάς appliqué à une statue divine. Explication de Platon, Euthydème, 299 b ; F/> 5. 22.
Noms propres de bœufs à Cnossos
Authors: Lejeune Michel
Published: April 2013

Discussion sur les éléments constitutifs de la série de tablettes Ch, dans la comptabilité en linéaire Β de Cnossos. On y trouve notamment une série de mentions de bœufs d'attelage (toujours groupés par paires), avec les noms, non seulement des propriétaires ou attributaires de ces attelages, mais aussi des bêtes elles-mêmes. Discussion sur ces boonymes (issus le plus souvent, mais non toujours, de désignations par la couleur du poil).
Les Stoïciens et l'amour
Authors: Babut Daniel
Published: April 2013

II n'y a pas d'évolution dans la doctrine stoïcienne de l'amour. Anciens ou récents, les Stoïciens ne sont ni des adversaires ni des partisans de la pédérastie ou de l'amour conjugal. Leur conception est tantôt purement pédagogique, l'amour étant considéré comme la relation idéale du maître au disciple, tantôt sociologique, le mariage et la procréation des enfants étant les fondements de la vie sociale.
Sur deux passages de l'Hymne homérique à Apollon
Authors: Roux Georges
Published: April 2013

1. Paysage à vol d'oiseau : les mots σκοπιαί et πρώονες (vers 22) s'appliquent ici au relief des montagnes continentales. Les vers 19 à 24 annoncent ainsi le plan de l'hymne en diptyque : gloire d'Apollon sur terre (Suite Pythique) et parmi les îles (naissance à Délos). — 2. Le rite d'Onchestos dans la Suite Pythique. Commentaire littéral des vers 229 à 238, d'où il ressort que le rite ne consiste pas, comme on l'a cru jusqu'ici, en un partage entre le conducteur et Poséidon, le premier gardant son cheval, le dieu gardant le char. Le rite — rite d'éleveurs de chevaux du Copaïs — a pour objet d'attirer la protection du dieu sur le char, à l'issue du dressage du poulain.
Καλὸς γὰρ ὁ κίνδυνος, Risque et mythe dans le Phédon
Authors: Salviat Jacqueline
Published: April 2013

Dans ce commentaire des lignes 114 c 7-d 8 du Phédon, l'expression καλός κίνδυνος est expliquée par référence à des textes d'Isocrate et de Lysias ; elle désigne non un risque qu'il est « beau », mais qu'il est « avantageux » de courir. Ce risque porte dans le Phédon sur l'eschatologie exposée dans le mythe qui, présentant des vérités indémontrables par le raisonnement, est encore « incantation » aidant à convertir. Platon s'apparente ainsi aux penseurs pour qui la foi est au-delà du savoir, et ces lignes du Phédon sont rapprochées de certains fragments de Pascal, dont celui du « pari ». Socrate mourant est le témoin d'une philosophie qui est engagement de l'existence entière.