bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Irrationality
Authors: Sullivan-Bissett Ema
Published: January 2025

This Element surveys contemporary philosophical and psychological work on various forms of irrationality: akrasia, strange beliefs, and implicit bias. It takes up several questions in an effort to better illuminate these more maligned aspects of human behaviour and cognition: what is rationality? Why is it irrational to act against one's better judgement? Could it ever be rational to do so? What's going wrong with beliefs in conspiracy theories, those arising from self-deception, or those which are classed as delusional? Might some of them in fact be appropriate responses to evidence? Are implicit biases irrational when they conflict with our avowed beliefs? Or might they be rational insofar as they track social realities?
The Transmutation of Sovereignty: Digital “World of Warcraft” and Innovation in the Chinese Legal Order
Authors: Ji Weidong
Published: January 2025

This article analyses the paradoxical relationship between the relative decline and resurgence of national sovereignty in the context of economic and informational globalisation, the rise of mega-platforms, the sovereign individuals hidden within blockchains, and large model behemoths free from the feature design of programming. It highlights how the decline of sovereignty has given rise to concepts such as “the digital sovereignty” in Europe and “the sovereign blockchain” in China, while the resurgence of sovereignty has led to theories like the “surveillance society” in North America and the “electronic forbidding leave” metaphor in China. In any case, with the AI-driven era, “the Algorithmic Leviathan” is becoming an extremely powerful dominating force that countries and laws must confront. To prevent its runaway abuse, it is necessary to consolidate a basic consensus through global digital compacts and institutionalise it through legal and technical due process—this is the essence of the digital rule of law.
Testing the feasibility of a digital storytelling intervention combined with heart rate variability biofeedback in hematopoietic cell transplant patients
Authors: Kim Sunny W. , James Dara L. , Koffer Rachel E. , Nair Lakshmi , Bahrami Raheleh , Ou Lihong , Fauble Veena , Khera Nandita , Larkey Linda K.
Published: January 2025

This pilot 2-week, randomized controlled trial examined integrating digital storytelling (DST) with heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) to enhance psycho-emotional well-being of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) patients. HCT patients (N = 25; Mage = 51.9 years) were randomly assigned: (1) DST + HRVB intervention, or (2) DST-only control. Both groups viewed four emotionally-rich digital stories. The DST + HRVB group practiced HRVB at home for ten minutes/day. DST + HRVB participants decreased anger, depression, fatigue (d = 0.53) and increased emotional processing (d = 0.20), and HRV-assessed autonomic nervous system balance (3.5 vs. 0.9). This study supports feasibility of integrating DST with HRVB, and effect sizes indicate superiority of combining DST with HRVB.
Sustaining the Movement: Community Care and Collaboration at the Highlander Nursery School, 1938-1953
Authors: Bivens Briana M.
Published: January 2025

The Highlander Nursery School, run by the Highlander Folk School from 1938 to 1953, provided no-cost early care and learning to the white working-class children of Summerfield, Tennessee. While Highlander is best known as a democratic education and movement-building hub that builds adults’ capacity to shape labor and racial justice in their communities, it has also facilitated programs for young people, including a nursery school. The Highlander Nursery School functioned as a cooperative institution that relied on the material and conceptual support of local residents, serving as a depoliticized entry point for families who might otherwise have been antagonistic toward Highlander’s pro-union and pro-civil rights agenda. This article aims to understand how the complexity of Highlander’s political vision for grassroots leadership, cooperation, and radical social change was expressed in and through the nursery school, an institution that teachers, local children, and their families worked together to sustain.
The Interview: Peter Clinch
Authors: Breslin Mike
Published: January 2025

Peter Clinch, the former Law Librarian at Cardiff University, is a multiple award winner and prolific writer on all things to do with legal information research. Here he talks to LIM about how he initially worked as a town planner, his long career in law librarianship, and his views on the challenges now facing the profession.
Researching Irish Legislation
Authors: Curtin Sinéad
Published: January 2025

In this article, Sinéad Curtin, Legal Knowledge Manager in the Chief State Solicitor's Office, provides a guide to the free and subscription sources for researching Irish legislation. She explains how legislation is enacted, how to determine if it's in force and whether it's been amended. She also looks at tracking legislation, the transposition of EU directives and statutory interpretation in general. The article concludes with a list of sources for Irish legislation.
Copyright and ESG: Ethical Imperatives for Compliance and Responsibility
Authors: Hulme Colin
Published: January 2025

Colin Hulme, head of intellectual property (IP) at Burness Paull, considers the impact of environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) programmes on the observance of copyright by corporates. This article was commissioned by the Copyright Licensing Agency (CLA) and first appeared in the New Law Journal in 2023.
How Technology Supports Open Justice and Transparency
Authors: Magrath Paul
Published: January 2025

This article by Paul Magrath, Head of Product Development and Online Content at ICLR (incorporated Council of Law Reporting), provides a survey of 10 key technological developments that, over time, have contributed towards or affected our understanding of the administration of justice. Developments involving digitisation, the internet, and artificial intelligence (AI) are dealt with in greater depth, with a particular focus on recent AI developments at ICLR.
Raiders of the Lost Archive
Authors: Breslin Mike , Breslin Jas
Published: January 2025

In the latest in our series reviewing archived copies of Legal Information Management and The Law Librarian – as the journal was once known – LIM's co-editors leaf through the four editions published in 1994, while they also take a quick look at an issue from 2001 which featured a contributor who has since gone on to greater things …
Identifying Ocean Submesoscale Activity From Vertical Density Profiles Using Machine Learning
Authors: Yao Leyu , Taylor John R. , Jones Dani C. , Bachman Scott D.
Published: January 2025

Submesoscale eddies are important features in the upper ocean where they mediate air‐sea exchanges, convey heat and tracer fluxes into ocean interior, and enhance biological production. However, due to their small size (0.1–10 km) and short lifetime (hours to days), directly observing submesoscales in the field generally requires targeted high resolution surveys. Submesoscales increase the vertical density stratification of the upper ocean and qualitatively modify the vertical density profile. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised machine learning algorithm to identify submesoscale activity using vertical density profiles. The algorithm, based on the profile classification model (PCM) approach, is trained and tested on two model‐based data sets with vastly different resolutions. One data set is extracted from a large‐eddy simulation (LES) in a 4 km by 4 km domain and the other from a regional model for a sector in the Southern Ocean. We show that the adapted PCM can identify regions with high submesoscale activity, as characterized by the vorticity field (i.e., where surface vertical vorticity is similar to Coriolis frequency and Rossby number ), using solely the vertical density profiles, without any additional information on the velocity, the profile location, or horizontal density gradients. The results of this paper show that the adapted PCM can be applied to data sets from different sources and provides a method to study submesoscale eddies using global data sets (e.g., CTD profiles collected from ships, gliders, and Argo floats).
A New Age of SAR: How Can Commercial Smallsat Constellations Contribute to NASA's Surface Deformation and Change Mission?
Authors: Huang Stacey A. , Osmanoğlu Batuhan , Scheuchl Bernd , Oveisgharan Shadi , Sauber Jeanne M. , Jo MinJeong , Khazendar Ala , Tymofyeyeva Ekaterina , Wusk Betsy , Albayrak Arif
Published: January 2025

In response to the 2017 Decadal Survey, NASA conducted a five‐year study on the Surface Deformation and Change (SDC) designated observable to study potential mission concepts. As part of the SDC mission study, the Commercial Synthetic Aperture Radar (ComSAR) subgroup was tasked with evaluating the current landscape of the SAR and interferometric SAR (InSAR) industry to assess whether NASA could leverage commercial smallsat products to meet the needs of the SDC science mission. The assessment found that although the commercial SAR industry is growing rapidly, off‐the‐shelf products can currently only make a small—albeit distinct—contribution to SDC mission goals. This gap is due to different design goals between current commercial systems (which prioritize targeted high‐resolution, non‐interferometric observations at short wavelengths with a daily or faster revisit) and a future SDC architecture (which focuses on broad, moderate‐resolution, and interferometric observations at long wavelengths). Even by 2030, planned commercial constellations are expected to only cover 65% of the area needed to match NISAR coverage. Still, high‐resolution and rapid‐repeat capabilities can augment scientific findings from a future SDC mission, as demonstrated by recent contributions from commercial data to applied sciences, cryosphere, and volcanology. Future innovations on smallsat constellation concepts could further contribute to SDC science and applications. Although current constellation designs are not fully able to satisfy desired SDC science capabilities, initial positive feedback to a request for information indicates a potential future path for a customized SDC commercial architecture; more studies will be needed to determine the feasibility of these approaches.
Response of Extreme North Atlantic Midlatitude Cyclones to a Warmer Climate in the GFDL X‐SHiELD Kilometer‐Scale Global Storm‐Resolving Model
Authors: Gentile Emanuele Silvio , Harris Lucas , Zhao Ming , Hodges Kevin , Tan Zhihong , Cheng Kai‐Yuan , Zhou Linjiong
Published: January 2025

Using the novel kilometer‐scale global storm‐resolving model Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory eXperimental System for High‐resolution prediction on Earth‐to‐Local Domains (X‐SHiELD), we investigate the impact of a 4 K increase in sea surface temperatures on Northern Hemisphere midlatitude cyclones, during the January 2020–January 2022 period. X‐SHiELD simulations reveal a poleward shift in cyclone tracks under warming, consistent with CMIP projections. However, X‐SHiELD's high resolution and explicit deep convection allowed for a detailed analysis of the warm and cold sectors, which are instead typically underrepresented in traditional CMIP models. Instead, compositing the 100 most intense midlatitude cyclones in the North Atlantic, we find that the warm sector exhibits statistically significant increases in wind speed and precipitation of up to 15% locally per degree of warming, while changes in the cold sector are less pronounced. This study demonstrates X‐SHiELD's potential to provide a realistic‐looking perspective into the evolving risks posed by midlatitude cyclones in a warming climate.
Excitation and Dispersion of Whistler Waves Inside the Contracting Magnetic Hole
Authors: Xu Z. Y. , Wang Z. , Fu H. S. , Fu W. D. , Zhang W. Z. , Yu Y. , Guo Z. Z. , Cao J. B.
Published: January 2025

Magnetic holes (MHs) are the magnetic structures characterized by the significant decreases of magnitude field, and they have been widely observed in various space plasmas. The high‐resolution observations by NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission and the Dispersion RelAtion From Timing (DRAFT) method enable us to study the wave‐particle interactions in MHs in great detail. In this paper, we report whistler waves in a contracting MH and reveal their dispersion relation with DRAFT method, which is well‐consistent with the theoretical prediction. During the excitation of the whistler waves, we also find the formation of pancake distribution (corresponding to electron temperature anisotropy T⊥/T// > 1). By calculating the growth rate of the whistler waves with an analytical model, we find such waves are generated by the temperature anisotropy (T⊥/T// > 1) at the center of MH, which is formed during the contraction. These results suggest that wave‐particle interactions may be closely related to the large‐scale evolution of the MH structures.
Impact of Fluids on the Mode I Fracture Toughness of Two Granites and One Sandstone
Authors: Muñoz‐Ibáñez A. , Herbón‐Penabad M. , Li Y. , Delgado‐Martín J.
Published: January 2025

Fluids affect the mechanical behavior of geomaterials, including properties such as unconfined compressive strength and brittleness. However, their impact on mode I fracture toughness (KIc) has been less explored. This study investigates the impact of saturating fluids on the KIc of three rock types: a porous siliceous sandstone (Corvio) and two high‐strength, low‐porosity granites (Blanco Mera and Blanco Alba). Pseudo‐compact tension (pCT) specimens (diameter ∼50–54 mm, thickness ∼25 mm, notch depth ∼16 mm) were saturated with seven different fluids (deionized water, methanol, NaCl‐saturated water, mineral oil, diesel fuel, an acidic HCl solution and a caustic NaOH solution) and tested under identical conditions. Results show that all fluids reduce KIc, but the extent varies with rock type and fluid properties. Aqueous fluids caused the most significant reductions, with deionized water having the greatest impact on granites (∼18%–30%) and the acid solution on sandstone (∼70%). Non‐polar hydrocarbon fluids, despite their lack of reactivity, caused moderate effects attributed to poro‐mechanical effects. Additionally, pH‐shift experiments, involving sequential exposure to alkaline and acidic solutions, mitigated fluid‐induced weakening. This behavior is hypothesized to stem from silica dissolution in the alkaline phase, followed by rapid nucleation and precipitation during the acidic phase, forming silica‐rich coatings on mineral surfaces. Fracture energy was not equally distributed, with higher post‐peak energy absorption due to crack bifurcation, grain rotation or friction. These findings underscore the interplay of lithological factors, fluid properties and chemical processes in fracture behavior, with implications for subsurface engineering and modeling of fluid‐rock interactions.
Optimized Gross Primary Productivity Over the Croplands Within the BEPS Particle Filtering Data Assimilation System (BEPS_PF v1.0)
Authors: Xing Xiuli , Wu Mousong , Zhu Huajie , Duan Wenzhuo , Ju Weimin , Wang Xiaorong , Ran Youhua , Zhang Yongguang , Jiang Fei
Published: January 2025

Agricultural ecosystems play an important role in modulating the global carbon balance by taking up atmospheric carbon dioxide, while large differences and uncertainties exist in the estimated crop gross primary productivity (GPP) by terrestrial ecosystem models (TEMs). With the aim of reducing the parameter uncertainty in TEMs for crop GPP simulation, we developed a particle filtering data assimilation (DA) system based on the ecosystem model BEPS (Biosphere Exchange Process Simulator), that is, the BEPS_PF (v1.0). We investigated the feasibility of BEPS_PF on the multiple parameters optimization across typical crops (wheat, rice, soybean and corn) and on reducing the uncertainty of GPP over 32 cropland eddy covariance sites globally. With BEPS_PF DA, the average R2 between GPP and observed data at the hourly scale has been efficiently improved by 0.36 and root mean square error reduced by 0.18 gC m−2 hr−1. The DA system has successfully corrected the GPP from the irrigated croplands which was severely underestimated by the model's prior parameters. We found that the maximum carboxylation rate at 25°C (Vcmax25) as well as the leaf nitrogen content (Nleaf) were co‐varied with strong seasonal variations. The optimized Vcmax25 showed large differences among different crop types with ranges 27.07–62.95, 42.17–93.32, 31.89–105.81, and 38.34–89.29 μmol m−2 s−1 for corn, soybean, wheat, and rice respectively. We demonstrated that the BEPS_PF is an efficient tool for optimizing different processes in the ecosystems, and with the satellite data it can be extended to regional and global scales for more accurate estimation of carbon fluxes.
Lithosphere Architecture Along the Axis of the Subducting Aseismic Nazca Ridge (Peruvian Active Margin)
Authors: Ciattoni S. , Cella F. , Mazzoli S. , Zambrano M. , Megna A. , Santini S. , Butler R. , Pierantoni P. P. , Di Celma C.
Published: January 2025

The relatively short‐term effects of ridge subduction may be evaluated in the Peruvian region of the recent (4 and 5 Ma) arrival of the Nazca Ridge at the subduction interface. Such effects are superposed onto—and are mostly discernible from—those of a long‐term, Cretaceous to Miocene tectonic evolution. A comprehensive two‐dimensional model was built to analyze the interaction between “young” ridge subduction and the preexisting structural framework of the overriding plate. This involved the construction of an approximately 1,000 km long and 180 km deep section integrating surface geology and available geophysical information. To constrain at depth and validate the section, we conducted forward modeling of the Bouguer anomaly using two distinct data sets and formulated a two‐dimensional density model considering the petrological properties and P‐T conditions of crustal and mantle rocks. While the deep portion of the subduction system is dominated by the Nazca Ridge flat subduction, upper plate rheology, inherited structures and stratigraphy mostly control fold and thrust belt architecture. This latter is characterized by basement‐involved thrusting and inversion tectonics. Crustal budget calculations provide shortening values ranging from 137 km (25%, considering an original crustal thickness like that of the present‐day Andean foreland) to 275 km (40%, for a rifted pre‐orogenic crust thinned by 20%). Despite the relatively large uncertainty, the obtained range of values is relevant and overall consistent with the northward decrease of shortening away from the Central Andes Orocline estimated by the restoration of vertical axis rotations obtained from paleomagnetic data.
Myosin-based nucleation of actin filaments contributes to stereocilia development critical for hearing
Authors: Moreland Zane G. , Jiang Fangfang , Aguilar Carlos , Barzik Melanie , Gong Rui , Behnammanesh Ghazaleh , Park Jinho , Shams Arik , Faaborg-Andersen Christian , Werth Jesse C. , Harley Randall , Sutton Daniel C. , Heidings James B. , Cole Stacey M. , Parker Andrew , Morse Susan , Wilson Elizabeth , Takagi Yasuharu , Sellers James R. , Brown Steve D. M. , Friedman Thomas B. , Alushin Gregory M. , Bowl Michael R. , Bird Jonathan E.
Published: January 2025

Assembly of actin-based stereocilia is critical for cochlear hair cells to detect sound. To tune their mechanosensivity, stereocilia form bundles composed of graded rows of ascending height, necessitating the precise control of actin polymerization. Myosin 15 (MYO15A) drives hair bundle development by delivering critical proteins to growing stereocilia that regulate actin polymerization via an unknown mechanism. Here, we show that MYO15A is itself an actin nucleation-promoting factor. Moreover, a deafness-causing mutation in the MYO15A actin-binding interface inhibits nucleation activity but still preserves some movement on filaments in vitro and partial trafficking on stereocilia in vivo. Stereocilia fail to elongate correctly in this mutant mouse, providing evidence that MYO15A-driven actin nucleation contributes to hair bundle biogenesis. Our work shows that in addition to generating force and motility, the ATPase domain of MYO15A can directly regulate actin polymerization and that disrupting this activity can promote cytoskeletal disease, such as hearing loss.
Regional and institutional trends in assessment for academic promotion
Authors: Lim B. H. , D’Ippoliti C. , Dominik M. , Hernández-Mondragón A. C. , Vermeir K. , Chong K. K. , Hussein H. , Morales-Salgado V. S. , Cloete K. J. , Kimengsi J. N. , Balboa L. , Mondello S. , dela Cruz T. E. , Lopez-Verges S. , Sidi Zakari I. , Simonyan A. , Palomo I. , Režek Jambrak A. , Germo Nzweundji J. , Molnar A. , Saktiawati A. M. I. , Elagroudy S. , Kumar P. , Enany S. , Narita V. , Backes M. , Siciliano V. , Egamberdieva D. , Flores Bueso Y.
Published: January 2025

The assessment of research performance is widely seen as a vital tool in upholding the highest standards of quality, with selection and competition believed to drive progress. Academic institutions need to take critical decisions on hiring and promotion, while facing external pressure by also being subject to research assessment1–4. Here we present an outlook on research assessment for career progression with specific focus on promotion to full professorship, based on 314 policies from 190 academic institutions and 218 policies from 58 government agencies, covering 32 countries in the Global North and 89 countries in the Global South. We investigated how frequently various promotion criteria are mentioned and carried out a statistical analysis to infer commonalities and differences across policies. Although quantitative methods of assessment remain popular, in agreement with what is found in more geographically restricted studies5–9, they are not omnipresent. We find differences between the Global North and the Global South as well as between institutional and national policies, but less so between disciplines. A preference for bibliometric indicators is more marked in upper-middle-income countries. Although we see some variation, many promotion policies are based on the assumption of specific career paths that become normative rather than embracing diversity. In turn, this restricts opportunities for researchers. These results challenge current practice and have strategic implications for researchers, research managers and national governments.
Mapping cells through time and space with moscot
Authors: Klein Dominik , Palla Giovanni , Lange Marius , Klein Michal , Piran Zoe , Gander Manuel , Meng-Papaxanthos Laetitia , Sterr Michael , Saber Lama , Jing Changying , Bastidas-Ponce Aimée , Cota Perla , Tarquis-Medina Marta , Parikh Shrey , Gold Ilan , Lickert Heiko , Bakhti Mostafa , Nitzan Mor , Cuturi Marco , Theis Fabian J.
Published: January 2025

Single-cell genomic technologies enable the multimodal profiling of millions of cells across temporal and spatial dimensions. However, experimental limitations hinder the comprehensive measurement of cells under native temporal dynamics and in their native spatial tissue niche. Optimal transport has emerged as a powerful tool to address these constraints and has facilitated the recovery of the original cellular context1–4. Yet, most optimal transport applications are unable to incorporate multimodal information or scale to single-cell atlases. Here we introduce multi-omics single-cell optimal transport (moscot), a scalable framework for optimal transport in single-cell genomics that supports multimodality across all applications. We demonstrate the capability of moscot to efficiently reconstruct developmental trajectories of 1.7 million cells from mouse embryos across 20 time points. To illustrate the capability of moscot in space, we enrich spatial transcriptomic datasets by mapping multimodal information from single-cell profiles in a mouse liver sample and align multiple coronal sections of the mouse brain. We present moscot.spatiotemporal, an approach that leverages gene-expression data across both spatial and temporal dimensions to uncover the spatiotemporal dynamics of mouse embryogenesis. We also resolve endocrine-lineage relationships of delta and epsilon cells in a previously unpublished mouse, time-resolved pancreas development dataset using paired measurements of gene expression and chromatin accessibility. Our findings are confirmed through experimental validation of NEUROD2 as a regulator of epsilon progenitor cells in a model of human induced pluripotent stem cell islet cell differentiation. Moscot is available as open-source software, accompanied by extensive documentation.
A map of the rubisco biochemical landscape
Authors: Prywes Noam , Phillips Naiya R. , Oltrogge Luke M. , Lindner Sebastian , Taylor-Kearney Leah J. , Tsai Yi-Chin Candace , de Pins Benoit , Cowan Aidan E. , Chang Hana A. , Wang Renée Z. , Hall Laina N. , Bellieny-Rabelo Daniel , Nisonoff Hunter M. , Weissman Rachel F. , Flamholz Avi I. , Ding David , Bhatt Abhishek Y. , Mueller-Cajar Oliver , Shih Patrick M. , Milo Ron , Savage David F.
Published: January 2025

Rubisco is the primary CO2-fixing enzyme of the biosphere1, yet it has slow kinetics2. The roles of evolution and chemical mechanism in constraining its biochemical function remain debated3,4. Engineering efforts aimed at adjusting the biochemical parameters of rubisco have largely failed5, although recent results indicate that the functional potential of rubisco has a wider scope than previously known6. Here we developed a massively parallel assay, using an engineered Escherichia coli
7 in which enzyme activity is coupled to growth, to systematically map the sequence–function landscape of rubisco. Composite assay of more than 99% of single-amino acid mutants versus CO2 concentration enabled inference of enzyme velocity and apparent CO2 affinity parameters for thousands of substitutions. This approach identified many highly conserved positions that tolerate mutation and rare mutations that improve CO2 affinity. These data indicate that non-trivial biochemical changes are readily accessible and that the functional distance between rubiscos from diverse organisms can be traversed, laying the groundwork for further enzyme engineering efforts.
The maternal X chromosome affects cognition and brain ageing in female mice
Authors: Abdulai-Saiku Samira , Gupta Shweta , Wang Dan , Marino Francesca , Moreno Arturo J. , Huang Yu , Srivastava Deepak , Panning Barbara , Dubal Dena B.
Published: January 2025

Female mammalian cells have two X chromosomes, one of maternal origin and one of paternal origin. During development, one X chromosome randomly becomes inactivated1–4. This renders either the maternal X (Xm) chromosome or the paternal X (Xp) chromosome inactive, causing X mosaicism that varies between female individuals, with some showing considerable or complete skew of the X chromosome that remains active5–7. Parent-of-X origin can modify epigenetics through DNA methylation8,9 and possibly gene expression; thus, mosaicism could buffer dysregulated processes in ageing and disease. However, whether X skew or its mosaicism alters functions in female individuals is largely unknown. Here we tested whether skew towards an active Xm chromosome influences the brain and body—and then delineated unique features of Xm neurons and Xp neurons. An active Xm chromosome impaired cognition in female mice throughout the lifespan and led to worsened cognition with age. Cognitive deficits were accompanied by Xm-mediated acceleration of biological or epigenetic ageing of the hippocampus, a key centre for learning and memory, in female mice. Several genes were imprinted on the Xm chromosome of hippocampal neurons, suggesting silenced cognitive loci. CRISPR-mediated activation of Xm-imprinted genes improved cognition in ageing female mice. Thus, the Xm chromosome impaired cognition, accelerated brain ageing and silenced genes that contribute to cognition in ageing. Understanding how Xm impairs brain function could lead to an improved understanding of heterogeneity in cognitive health in female individuals and to X-chromosome-derived pathways that protect against cognitive deficits and brain ageing.
A dataset of Antarctic ecosystems in ice-free lands: classification, descriptions, and maps
Authors: Tóth Anikó B. , Terauds Aleks , Chown Steven L. , Hughes Kevin A. , Convey Peter , Hodgson Dominic A. , Cowan Don A. , Gibson John , Leihy Rachel I. , Murray Nicholas J. , Robinson Sharon A. , Shaw Justine D. , Stark Jonathan S. , Stevens Mark I. , van den Hoff John , Wasley Jane , Keith David A.
Published: January 2025

Antarctica, Earth’s least understood and most remote continent, is threatened by human disturbances and climate-related changes, underscoring the imperative for biodiversity inventories to inform conservation. Antarctic ecosystems support unique species and genetic diversity, deliver essential ecosystem services and contribute to planetary stability. We present Antarctica’s first comprehensive ecosystem classification and map of ice-free lands, which host most of the continent’s biodiversity. We used latent variables in factor analyses to partition continental-scale abiotic variation, then biotic variation represented in spatial models, and finally recognised regional-scale variation among biogeographic units. This produced a spatially explicit hierarchical classification with nine Major Environment Units (Tier 1), 33 Habitat Complexes (Tier 2) and 269 Bioregional Ecosystem Types (Tier 3) mapped at 100 m resolution and aligned with ‘level 4’ of the IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology. This comprehensive ecosystem inventory provides foundational data to inform protected area designation under the Antarctic Treaty’s Environmental Protocol and track risks to Antarctic ecosystems. Its tiered structure and workflow accommodate data scarcity and facilitate updates, promoting robustness as knowledge builds.
Gaming time and impulsivity as independent yet complementary predictors of gaming disorder risk
Authors: Szyszka Paulina Daria , Zajas Aleksandra , Starosta Jolanta , Kiszka Patrycja , Starzec Sylwia , Strojny Paweł
Published: January 2025

Prolonged gaming time, along with increased impulsivity—a key element of poor self-regulation—has been identified as linked to gaming disorder. Despite existing studies in this field, the relationship between impulsivity and gaming time remains poorly understood. The present study explored the connections between impulsivity, measured both by self-report and behavioral assessments, gaming time and gaming disorder within a cohort of 82 participants. While gaming time exhibited a significant correlation with gaming disorder, only self-reported measures of impulsivity and one behavioral metric showed a correlation with gaming disorder. Self-report measures of impulsivity exclusively predicted gaming disorder when included in a regression model with gaming time. The interaction between gaming time and impulsivity, aside from one behavioral metric was deemed insignificant. These findings suggest that impulsivity and gaming time, although associated with gaming disorder risk, are independent variables. Further research should aim to clarify these relationships and explore potential interventions targeting both DGI and impulsivity to mitigate gaming disorder risk.
Unified approaches in transition metal catalyzed C(sp3)–H functionalization: recent advances and mechanistic aspects
Authors: Grover Jagrit , Sebastian Amal Tom , Maiti Siddhartha , Bissember Alex C. , Maiti Debabrata
Published: January 2025

Direct alteration of unactivated C–H bonds of organic building blocks.
Direct analysis and identification of the intestinal microflora of shrimps for their geographical traceability via mass spectrometry and bacterial library searching
Authors: Yu Mingyue , Li Yunxing , Chu Yuean , Bi Hongyan
Published: January 2025

A method was developed to directly analyze and identify the intestinal microflora of shrimps for geographical traceability using MS and bacterial library searching, offering a potential solution to combat food fraud in the aquatic product market.
Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute-mediated dual recognition enables the detection of trace single-nucleotide-mutated fungicide-resistant fungal pathogens
Authors: Lin Jiahao , Zhang Jiannan , Zhu Xianglin , Xia Xuhan , Zhang Yong , Zeng Qingdong , Xu Yuanhong , Deng Ruijie , Li Jinghong
Published: January 2025

We developed an assay, termed PARPA for sensitive detection of trace single-nucleotide mutations in genomes of fungicide-resistant pathogens.
Identification of the Cr(v)O intermediate in electrocatalytic water oxidation by a chromium(iii)–aqua complex
Authors: Shen Zhi-Kai , Li Zi-Jian , Zou Zhigang , Yu Zhen-Tao
Published: January 2025

A chromium(iii)–aqua complex was designed and synthesized for homogeneous electrocatalytic water oxidation reactions. The key high-oxidation-state Cr(v)–oxo intermediate was identified in the experiment.
Investigation of the effect of solvation on 1J(Metal–P) spin–spin coupling
Authors: Malkina Olga L. , Bűhl Michael , Chalmers Brian A. , Komorovsky S.
Published: January 2025

The Cl–Hg–Cl angle is one of the key parameters that define the magnitude of the solvent effect on 1J(Hg,P).
Tungsten-dioxo single-site heterogeneous catalyst on carbon: synthesis, structure, and catalysis
Authors: Agarwal Amol , Liu Yiqi , Hanazawa Miyuki , Li Jiaqi , Nakamuro Takayuki , Nakamura Eiichi , Kratish Yosi , Marks Tobin J.
Published: January 2025

An air- and moisture-stable, carbon-supported tungsten-dioxo single-site heterogeneous catalyst is more active and selective for alcohol dehydration than its Mo analog.
Hydrothermal growth and characterization of large Rb2SnBr6 double perovskite crystals: a promising semiconductor material for photocatalysis and optoelectronics
Authors: Hasan Rahidul , Aslam Hafiz Zohaib , Joshi Rutva , Lalancette Roger A. , Akopov Georgiy
Published: January 2025

Scheme for the synthesis of Rb2SnBr6 by hydrothermal process.
Zn2+ triazamacrocyclic chelators with methylpyridine pendant arms for B-cell apoptosis: a structure–activity study
Authors: Marlin Axia , Le Pape Fiona , Troadec Thibault , Le Goff Jocelyn , Tripier Raphaël , Berthou Christian , Patinec Véronique
Published: January 2025

Apoptosis of B-cells induced by triazamacrocyclic derivatives with methylpyridine arms with or without Zn2+ chelation depending on the triazamacrocycle.
Exploring the luminescent and thermometric potentials of samarium(iii) diketonate complexes with extended fluoroalkyl chains
Authors: Metlina Daria A. , Metlin Mikhail T. , Korshunov Vladislav M. , Gontcharenko Victoria E. , Avetisov Roman I. , Kiskin Mikhail A. , Belousov Yuriy A. , Taydakov Ilya V.
Published: January 2025

This study is a continuation of the research project which is investigating the influence of side chain fluorination in thiophene-based 1,3-diketones on the photophysical and luminescent properties of lanthanide coordination compounds.
Cooperative and non-cooperative additions involving a silicon atom and a redox-active ligand
Authors: Dodonov Vladimir A. , Kryuchenkova Alina A. , Kushnerova Olga A. , Baranov Evgeny V. , Zhao Yanxia , Osmanov Vladimir K. , Fedushkin Igor L.
Published: January 2025

Silicon–ligand cooperative interactions enable silicon(iv) centers to engage in cycloaddition reactions.
Recent advances in antiaromatic metallacycles
Authors: Li Lei , Li Yang , Jiang Wenfeng , Bai Wei
Published: January 2025

Recently, several antiaromatic metallacycles are reported, establishing a new area of (anti)aromaticity. Herein, we briefly review the syntheses and characterizations of these fascinating antiaromatic structures.
Contorting the hetero phosphaquinoid: synthesis and electronic insights into a non-planar, ferrocenyl phosphaquinoid
Authors: Deka Rajesh , Chattopadhyay Samir , Orthaber Andreas
Published: January 2025

We report the synthesis of an ambient-stable, ferrocene-embedded, anthraquinodimethane-based phosphaquinoid. The compound exhibits a pronounced butterfly-like distortion of the anthrylene core adopting a highly contorted geometry in the solid-state.
A comprehensive investigation of Sr segregation effects on the high-temperature oxygen evolution reaction rate
Authors: Feng Weicheng , Zou Geng , Liu Tianfu , Li Rongtan , Yu Jingcheng , Guo Yige , Liu Qingxue , Zhang Xiaomin , Wang Junhu , Ta Na , Li Mingrun , Zhang Peng , Cao Xingzhong , Yu Runsheng , Song Yuefeng , Liu Meilin , Wang Guoxiong , Bao Xinhe
Published: January 2025

This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the Sr segregation from the bulk Sr deficiencies and surface Sr segregates, and their impacts on oxygen vacancy formation, oxygen ion mobility, and the rate of electrode reactions.
Unveiling the impact of photoinduced halide segregation on performance degradation in wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells
Authors: Guo Yuxiao , Zhang Cong , Wang Linqin , Yin Xingtian , Sun Bihui , Wei Changting , Luo Xin , Yang Shiyu , Sun Licheng , Xu Bo
Published: January 2025

By varying the thickness of WBG perovskite films, we identified two distinct migration modes of halide ions under light irradiation, as well as their effects on device JSC output, which provides the feasible research direction for stable WBG PSCs.
Sodiophilic design for sodium-metal batteries: progress and prospects
Authors: Gao Wanjie , Lu Yinxu , Tan Xu , Wang Tao , Yu Yueheng , Lu Yuhan , Zhang Xinghao , Wang Jie , Liu Yang , Liu Xi , Song Bingyan , Ullah Shafi , He Jiarui , Wu Yuping
Published: January 2025

In this review, the formation mechanism of sodium dendrite and the corresponding battery failure causes are introduced in detail, and the latest advances in sodiophilic design strategies are systematically discussed.
Anchoring active sulfur/selenium into enhanced carbon hosts with multiple chemical affinities for efficient K–S/Se batteries
Authors: Du Yongxu , Fan Hongguang , Zhu Yujing , Zhang Xianghua , Wei Denghu , Jin Chuanyu , Cui Yongpeng , Lv Meiying
Published: January 2025

The introduction of an N-reinforced O-site on hollow carbon via the molten salt method for enhancing chemical affinity and suppressing the shuttle effect toward stable K–S/Se batteries.
Plasma evolution investigation and aging grade evaluation of heat resistant steel based on laser induced plasma images
Authors: Cai Junbin , Dong Meirong , Tang Feiqiang , Chen Kaiqing , Li Zhichun , Li Weijie , Yao Shunchun , Lu Jidong
Published: January 2025

Plasma images are applied to plasma evolution investigation, matrix expression analysis, and aging grade evaluation.
Exploring microfluidics-based organoid interactions through analysis of albumin secretion
Authors: Yang Yang , Qu Yueyang , Wang Jing , Wang Yuxiu , Zhao Jiamin , Wang Miaomiao , Hu Wanqing , Zhao Jiaqi , Lin Bingcheng , Zhang Xiuli , Luo Yong
Published: January 2025

Organoids-on-a-chip exhibit significant potential for advancing disease modeling, drug screening, and precision medicine, largely due to their capacity to facilitate interactions among organoids.
Novel conductive PEDOT:DBSA hydrogels with tuneable properties for bioelectronics
Authors: Malečková Romana , Tumová Šárka , Smísitel Petr , Smilek Jiří , Šimůnková Helena , Pešková Michaela , Kubáč Lubomír , Hubálek Jaromír , Víteček Jan , Vala Martin , Weiter Martin
Published: January 2025

PEDOT:DBSA hydrogel shows excellent biocompatibility, tunable mechanical properties, and electrical properties for cell-targeted bioelectronics. This hydrogel could enhance bioelectronic devices' efficiency and applicability in cell stimulation.
Suckerin based biomaterials for wound healing: a comparative review with natural protein-based biomaterials
Authors: Hiruthyaswamy Samson Prince , Deepankumar Kanagavel
Published: January 2025

Suckerin biomaterials offer elasticity, biocompatibility, and β-sheet self-assembly. Superior to other proteins, they excel in adaptability. Nanotechnology and succinylation boost drug delivery, tissue repair, and wound healing.
Preparation of a salt-thickening polymer by the quaternization of welan gum
Authors: Tao Yuheng , Qin Mingxi , Ruan Lingyu , Lin Hongyan , Qing Qing , Zhang Yue , Wang Liqun
Published: January 2025

A cationic welan gum (CWG) was synthesized by introducing quaternary ammonium groups and characterized using FTIR and other techniques. Compared with welan gum (WG) and HPAM, CWG offered a significant salt-thickening effect.
Self-assembly processes of 2D Au(i)–S(CH2)2COOH lamellae
Authors: Zhang Shengrui , Yu Zhongqi , Demessence Aude , Guillou Nathalie , Xu Shujue , Liu Han , Fu Yuru , Zhang Jingpei , Li Minjie
Published: January 2025

Molecular level assembly processes of two-dimensional Au(i)-3-mercaptopropionic acid lamellae are proposed based on their selected area electron diffraction patterns.
Disulfide-mediated ruthenium-catalyzed direct C–H thiolation in benzoxazinone systems: selective synthesis of ortho-thiolated 2-arylbenzoxazinones
Authors: Patra Debabrata , Mondal Mohabul Alam , Saha Amit
Published: January 2025

Ru-catalyzed direct ortho-C–H thiolations of 2-aryl benzoxazinones have been performed using diaryl disulfides. The reaction tolerates several sensitive functional groups. The protocol also works for C–H selenylation with diphenyl diselenide.
Bromide-promoted cascade annulation of isocyanobiaryls with aldehydes through photoredox catalysis
Authors: Gan Mengran , Wu Xiaoting , Ji Xiaochen , Huang Huawen
Published: January 2025

A bromide-promoted cascade annulation of isocyanobiaryls with simple aldehydes via photoredox catalysis is disclosed, providing a straightforward approach towards valuable 6-hydroxyalkylated phenanthridines.
Shedding light on surfactant-free emulsion polymerization
Authors: Fonseca Parra Erika Paola , Six Jean-Luc , Ferji Khalid
Published: January 2025

Photo-surfactant-free emulsion polymerization.
Robust fluorite-structured high-entropy oxides with integrated multi-active site construction for catalytic cathodes of Li–CO2 batteries
Authors: Deng Qinghua , Chen Dan , Zhang Shi , Chen Yuan , Zeng Hanbo , Li Xuguang , Zhang Sike , Wang Tianyu
Published: January 2025

Fluorite-structured high-entropy oxides (HEOs) with encapsulated polymetallic active sites, denoted as CeFeCoNiMnOx, were synthesized by exploiting the exceptional heterogeneity-tolerant properties of CeO2 for cathodes of Li–CO2 batteries.
Three-dimensional porphyrin-based covalent organic frameworks as bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions
Authors: Liao Li , Wang Rui , Zhang Zerong , Zhang Jianfeng , Huang Shibin , Xie Wenhao , Wang Yiji , Xue Ming , Fang Qianrong , Qiu Shilun
Published: January 2025

Design of 3D metal-porphyrin-based COFs with Co–N4 sites as highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for the ORR and OER.
Iron(iii)-catalyzed mono-, di- and tricyanomethylation of primary amines with diazoacetonitrile: construction of α-amino acetonitriles and asymmetric α-amino succinonitriles
Authors: Wang Gang , Zeng Yu-Heng , Jiang Qian-Yu , Chen Jia-Yi , Zhou Rong , Zou Huai-Bo
Published: January 2025

Fe(iii)-catalyzed divergent synthesis between primary amines and diazoacetonitrile was reported. Mono- and dicyanomethylation are controlled by solvent, di- and tricyanomethylation represent a novel transformation in metalloradical catalysis field.
An integrated theoretical study on natural alkaloids as SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors: a step toward discovery of potential drug candidates with anti-COVID-19 activity
Authors: Parveen Shagufta , Shahbaz Laiba , Shafiq Nusrat , Rashid Maryam , Mohany Mohamed , Zhu Mingkun
Published: January 2025

In the twenty-first century, the emergence of COVID-19 as a highly transmissible pandemic disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 posed a significant threat to humanity.
An electrically conductive dinuclear aluminium complex for the fabrication of a Schottky diode
Authors: Alam Md. Akhtarul , Hoque Anamika , Islam Md Sanaul , Khatun Nargis , Sarmah Manash Pratim , Islam A. K. M. Maidul , Sarma Manabendra , Kole Goutam Kumar , Zangrando Ennio
Published: January 2025

The dimeric Al(iii) complex 1 generated 1D polymeric chain via the C–H⋯π bond and π⋯π interactions and significantly influenced in its Schottky barrier diode behaviour.
An electroanalytical sensor for the detection of antibiotic cefoperazone sodium sulbactam sodium residue in wastewater
Authors: Javed Mohsin , Shah Afzal , Farooq Muhammad Umar
Published: January 2025

The misuse and uncontrolled release of pharmaceuticals into water bodies lead to environmental challenges and the development of resistance, thereby reducing their effectiveness.
1,2,3-Triazole-tethered fluoroquinolone analogues with antibacterial potential: synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity investigations
Authors: Patel Upendra Kumar , Alka  , Tiwari Punit , Tilak Ragini , Joshi Gaurav , Kumar Roshan , Agarwal Alka
Published: January 2025

The antibacterial efficacy of some newly developed bis- and C3-carboxylic moieties of fluoroquinolone-linked triazole conjugates was studied.
Lanthanide–tetrazine probes for bio-imaging and click chemistry
Authors: Woolley Benjamin , Wu Yue , Xiong Li , Chau Ho-Fai , Zhang Junhui , Law Ga-Lai , Wong Ka-Leung , Long Nicholas J.
Published: January 2025

Lanthanide–tetrazine complexes were synthesised and evaluated via optical spectroscopy and relaxivity. A bio-orthogonal click reaction with a cyclic-RGD-peptide was successful and the resulting Gd complex demonstrated enhanced relaxivity.
CO2 hydrosilylation catalyzed by an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-stabilized stannyliumylidene
Authors: Niu Dechuang , Kostenko Arseni , Kelly John A. , Sarkar Debotra , Xu Huihui , Inoue Shigeyoshi
Published: January 2025

The di-NHCs-stabilized stannyliumylidene serves as an efficient pre-catalyst for the selective hydrosilylation of CO2 to silyl formate. Experimental mechanistic studies and quantum chemical calculations revealed the mechanism.
A mesityl-functionalized double-boron–nitrogen–oxygen-embedded multi-resonance framework achieves anti-quenching narrowband deep-blue electroluminescence with EQE over 30% and CIEy of 0.046
Authors: Xue Zhuixing , Xiao Zhengqi , Zou Yang , Chen Zhanxiang , Liu Jiahui , Huang Zhongyan , Yang Chuluo
Published: January 2025

By integrating a large π-conjugated double B–N–O embedded framework with steric hindrance groups, anti-quenching narrowband pure-blue MR-TADF emitters have been developed, and the corresponding OLEDs achieved EQEs of up to 32.3% and a CIEy of 0.046.
Tunable structural rearrangement in Cu cluster assemblies through linker and solvent alterations
Authors: Das Saikat , Sakai Jin , Nakatani Riki , Kondo Ayumu , Tomioka Rina , Das Subhabrata , Takahashi Shuntaro , Kawawaki Tokuhisa , Biswas Sourav , Negishi Yuichi
Published: January 2025

This study introduces a one-pot synthesis of crystalline Cu cluster-assembled materials using liquid–liquid interfacial crystallization, featuring Cu6, Cu7 and Cu10 cluster nodes connected by six organic linkers of varying dimensionalities.
A Zn-doped Sb2Te3 flexible thin film with decoupled Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity via band engineering
Authors: Zhang Zi-long , Yang Wen-yu , Wu Bo , Nisar Mohammad , Li Fu , Liang Guang-xing , Luo Jing-ting , Chen Yue-xing , Zheng Zhuang-hao
Published: January 2025

A Zn-doped Sb2Te3 thin film achieves decoupled Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity, achieving a high power factor (∼22.93 μW cm−1 K−2) at room temperature.
Role and regulation of surface oxygen vacancies in vanadium-based oxides for chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation of propane
Authors: Luo Dehui , Luo Ran , Wang Xianhui , Chang Xin , Yang Tingting , Chen Sai , Zhao Zhi-Jian , Gong Jinlong
Published: January 2025

Redox catalysts play a critical role in chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (CL-ODH).
An intelligent battery management system (BMS) with end-edge-cloud connectivity – a perspective
Authors: Mulpuri Sai Krishna , Sah Bikash , Kumar Praveen
Published: January 2025

An Intelligent Battery Management System (IBMS) integrating cloud, IoT, and digital twin technologies, offering scalable, real-time battery management was developed to enhance safety, performance, and lifespan of lithium-ion batteries in EVs.