bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Venus Flytrap‐Inspired Data‐Center‐Free Fast‐Responsive Soft Robots Enabled by 2D Ni3(HITP)2 MOF and Graphite
Authors: Duan Shengshun , Wei Xiao , Weng Mingcen , Zhao Fangzhi , Chen Pinzhen , Hong Jianlong , Xiang Shengxin , Shi Qiongfeng , Sun Litao , Shen Guozhen , Wu Jun
Published: May 2024

The rapid and responsive capabilities of soft robots in perceiving, assessing, and reacting to environmental stimuli are highly valuable. However, many existing soft robots, designed to mimic humans and other higher animals, often rely on data centers for the modulation of mechanoelectrical transduction and electromechanical actuation. This reliance significantly increases system complexity and time delays. Herein, drawing inspiration from Venus flytraps, a soft robot employing a power modulation strategy is presented for active stimulus reaction, eliminating the need for a data center. This robot achieves mechanoelectrical transduction through Ni3(2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexaiminotriphenylene)2 (Ni3(HITP)2) metal–organic framework (MOF) with an ultralow time delay (256 ns) and electromechanical actuation via graphite. The Joule heating effect in graphite is effectively modulated by Ni3(HITP)2 before and after the presence of pressure, thus enabling the stimulus reaction of soft robots. As demonstrated, three soft robots are created: low‐level edge tongue robots, Venus flytrap robots, and high‐level nerve‐center‐controlled dragonfly robots. This power modulation strategy inspires designs of edge soft robots and high‐level robots with a human‐like effective fusion of conditioned and unconditioned reflexes.
Acoustically Enhanced Triboelectric Stethoscope for Ultrasensitive Cardiac Sounds Sensing and Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Hui Xindan , Tang Lirong , Zhang Dewen , Yan Shanlin , Li Dongxiao , Chen Jie , Wu Fei , Wang Zhong Lin , Guo Hengyu
Published: May 2024

Electronic stethoscope used to detect cardiac sounds that contain essential clinical information is a primary tool for diagnosis of various cardiac disorders. However, the linear electromechanical constitutive relation makes conventional piezoelectric sensors rather ineffective to detect low‐intensity, low‐frequency heart acoustic signal without the assistance of complex filtering and amplification circuits. Herein, it is found that triboelectric sensor features superior advantages over piezoelectric one for microquantity sensing originated from the fast saturated constitutive characteristic. As a result, the triboelectric sensor shows ultrahigh sensitivity (1215 mV Pa−1) than the piezoelectric counterpart (21 mV Pa−1) in the sound pressure range of 50–80 dB under the same testing condition. By designing a trumpet‐shaped auscultatory cavity with a power function cross‐section to achieve acoustic energy converging and impedance matching, triboelectric stethoscope delivers 36 dB signal‐to‐noise ratio for human test (2.3 times of that for piezoelectric one). Further combining with machine learning, five cardiac states can be diagnosed at 97% accuracy. In general, the triboelectric sensor is distinctly unique in basic mechanism, provides a novel design concept for sensing micromechanical quantities, and presents significant potential for application in cardiac sounds sensing and disease diagnosis.
Fully Reprogrammable 2D Array of Multistate Molecular Switching Units
Authors: Bauer Anja , Birk Tobias , Paschke Fabian , Fuhrberg Andreas , Diegel Josefine , Becherer Ann‐Kathrin , Vogelsang Lars , Maier Markus , Schosser Werner M. , Pauly Fabian , Zilberberg Oded , Winter Rainer F. , Fonin Mikhail
Published: May 2024

Integration of molecular switching units into complex electronic circuits is considered to be the next step toward the realization of novel logic and memory devices. This paper reports on an ordered 2D network of neighboring ternary switching units represented by triazatruxene (TAT) molecules organized in a honeycomb lattice on a Ag(111) surface. Using low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy, the bonding configurations of individual TAT molecules can be controlled, realizing up to 12 distinct states per molecule. The switching between those states shows a strong bias dependence ranging from tens of millivolts to volts. The low‐bias switching behavior is explored in active units consisting of two and more interacting TAT molecules that are purposefully defined (programmed) by high‐bias switching within the honeycomb lattice. Within such a unit the low‐bias switching can be triggered and accessed by single‐point measurements on a single TAT molecule, demonstrating up to 9 and 19 distinguishable states in a dyad and a tetrad of coupled molecules, respectively. High experimental control over the desired state, owing to bias‐dependent hierarchical switching and pronounced switching directionality, as well as full reversibility, make this system particularly appealing, paving the way to design complex molecule‐based memory systems.
Fluoro‐Ethylene‐Carbonate Plays a Double‐Edged Role on the Stability of Si Anode‐Based Rechargeable Batteries During Cycling and Calendar Aging
Authors: Quinn Joseph , Kim Ju‐Myung , Yi Ran , Zhang Ji‐Guang , Xiao Jie , Wang Chongmin
Published: May 2024

The energy storage density of Li‐ion batteries can be improved by replacing graphite anodes with high‐capacity Si‐based materials, though instabilities have limited their implementation. Performance degradation mechanisms that occur in Si anodes can be divided into cycling stability (capacity retention after repeated battery cycles) and calendar aging (shelf life). While cycling instabilities and improvement strategies have been researched intensively, there is little known about the underlying mechanisms that cause calendar aging. In this work, multiple electron microscope techniques are used to explore the mechanism that governs calendar aging from the sub‐nanometer‐to‐electrode scale. Plasma focused ion beam tomography is used to create 3D reconstructions of calendar aged electrodes and revealed the growth of a LiF‐rich layer at the interface between the copper current collector and the silicon material, which can lead to delamination and increased interfacial impendence. The LiF layer appeared to derive from the fluoro‐ethylene‐carbonate electrolyte additive, which is commonly used to improve cycling stability in Si‐based systems. The results reveal that additives necessary to improve cycling stability can cause performance degradation over the long‐term during calendar aging. The results show that high performing, stable systems require careful design to simultaneously mitigate both cycling and calendar aging instabilities.
Synthesis of 1,2′‐Spirobi[indene]‐1,3‐diones by Pd(II)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation and Alkynes Annulation Reaction
Authors: Xu Xuefeng , Yu Lintao , Chang Mengfan , Wang Di , Shen Zhi , Zhang Xu
Published: May 2024

An intermolecular annulation reaction of 2‐aryl‐1,3‐indandions with alkynes was reported using Pd(OAc)2 to access spirobi[indene]‐1,3‐diones. Under palladium catalysis, the substrates form a homocoupling dimer intermediate through a catalytic dehydrogenative cross‐coupling process. The palladium(II) species could come from dimer or 2‐aryl‐1,3‐indandion. Notably, this pathway is not typically observed in enol‐directed formal sp3 C−H functionalization/oxidative annulation palladium chemistry. This transformation provides a route to access a class of functionalized spiro carbocyclic indenes.
Mg(OTf)2 as an Excellent Catalyst for the Reductive Depolymerization and Methanolysis of Polyesters and Polycarbonates
Authors: Alfaia Carlota M. , Fernandes Ana C.
Published: May 2024

The use of alkaline earth‐abundant metal catalysts as alternatives to transition metal catalysts in the depolymerization of plastic waste is a very important research area. In this work, the first method is described for the conversion of polyesters into value‐added compounds catalyzed by a magnesium catalyst. It is demonstrated that the commercially available, inexpensive and air‐stable, alkaline earth magnesium catalyst Mg(OTf)2 efficiently promotes the reductive depolymerization of several polyesters using pinacolborane (HBpin) as the reducing agent with good to excellent yields. This catalyst also remains very active in at least 12 consecutive polycaprolactone (PCL) reductive depolymerization reactions with yields between 89% and 81%. This magnesium catalyst is also efficient in the reductive depolymerization of the polycarbonate poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PC.BPA). Furthermore, it is found that Mg(OTf)2 also successfully catalyzes the methanolysis of polyesters and polycarbonates at moderate temperature with excellent yields.
A Nanocrystallite CuS/Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Host Improves Redox Kinetics in All‐Solid‐State Li2S Batteries
Authors: Yu Yue , Singh Baltej , Yu Zhuo , Kwok Chun Yuen , Kochetkov Ivan , Nazar Linda F.
Published: May 2024

All‐solid‐state Li–S batteries are a promising energy storage system that can solve the shuttle effects of polysulfides in liquid Li–S batteries. However, sluggish solid‐state reaction kinetics and the low conductivity of cathode materials have impeded their development. Here, a N‐doped carbon embedded with CuS nanoparticles (CuSNC) is reported as a host for Li2S in all‐solid‐state batteries that addresses some of these issues. Electrochemical studies, supported by a combination of X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), electron microscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that CuSNC provides good affinity to Li2S. This lowers the activation barrier for the conversion of Li2S to sulfur on the charge, suggesting an electrocatalytic effect on the CuS surface. Li+ diffusion in the cathode and the reaction kinetics are enhanced compared to N‐doped graphene. The CuSNC/Li2S cathode reaches an areal capacity of 1.8 mAh cm−2 and a retention rate of 94% after 100 cycles. At a 1.0 mA cm−2 current density, CuSNC/Li2S maintains stable performance over 500 cycles with a low decay rate (0.05% per cycle); at a higher Li2S loading, delivers a capacity of 9.6 mAh cm−2, albeit with more limited cycling. This study provides a promising way to design Li2S cathodes to achieve improved reaction kinetics and better electrochemical performance.
Effects of food waste and green waste composts on yield and nitrogen‐use efficiency in irrigated tomato crops
Authors: Haas Savannah M. , Horwath William R. , Zhu‐Barker Xia
Published: May 2024

Composts are increasingly used to enhance soil health and agricultural sustainability, but their impacts on nitrogen (N) availability are unclear. In a 3‐year field experiment with subsurface drip‐irrigated tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), we investigated the effects of food waste and green waste co‐compost (FW) and green waste compost (GW) on yield, nitrogen‐use efficiency (NUE), nitrate leaching potential, and fertilizer N retention. Various combinations of compost rates (0, 9, or 18 t ha−1) and fertilizer N levels (0%, 70%, 85%, and 100% of the recommended rate) were examined, and 15N‐labeled fertilizer was used. In Years 2 and 3, FW and GW either maintained or increased crop yield compared to no compost when 0% or 70% N was applied; however, lower NUE was observed in the compost treatments compared to no compost when 70% or 85% N was supplied. Postharvest, FW showed greater fertilizer N retention in topsoil than GW and controls, while no difference in nitrate leaching potential was found among treatments, except for Year 2 during which FW exhibited the lowest potential. These results suggest that compost can immobilize fertilizer N, reducing its uptake by crops but enhancing soil retention, potentially acting as an N source or a primer of soil N mineralization. Future research is needed to assess compost's impact on N gaseous emissions and distinguish its dual roles as an N source and a soil N mineralization primer. This is essential for developing nutrient management guidelines to minimize N losses.
Ranking genotype, environment, management effects on the optimum nitrogen rate for maize: A cropping system modeling analysis
Authors: Baum Mitchell E. , Sawyer John E. , Castellano Michael J. , Archontoulis Sotirios V.
Published: May 2024

Ranking the contribution of genotype, environment, and management (G × E × M) on maize's economic optimum nitrogen fertilizer rate (EONR) variability could improve understanding and predictability of EONR. We performed a simulation experiment using the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator model with the objectives to (1) rank the effects of 24 individual G × E × M factors on the magnitude and interannual variability of the EONR across the US Midwest and (2) investigate the impact of G × M factors on the EONR variability under present and future climate scenarios. Results indicate that genetics (27%), management (31%), and environmental conditions (41%) each influence the EONR variability. Within these broad categories, the top three individual factors impacting the EONR were interannual weather variability, crop radiation use efficiency, and the soil inorganic N carryover from the previous year. The G × E × M factors influenced the yield response to N fertilizer in different ways. Soil‐related factors (e.g., organic matter and residual nitrate) influenced grain yields at the low N rates, while management factors (e.g., planting date and density) influenced yield at all N rates. Combining increases in plant density and changes in genetics synergistically increased the EONR by 15% from baseline. Future climate scenarios without adaptation decreased the EONR and yield loss, but crop adaptation was buffered against the negative climate change impacts. We concluded that 59% of the annual EONR variability is manageable (due to genetics and management) and that G × M factors could buffer climate change's negative effects on crop production. Present results can inform experimental research on N fertilizer and N rate decisions.
Application of volume‐translated rescaled perturbed‐chain statistical associating fluid theory equation of state to pure compounds using an expansive experimental database
Authors: Shi Jialin , Wu Changxu , Liu Honglai , Li Huazhou
Published: May 2024

The performance of the perturbed‐chain statistical associating fluid theory‐type equations of state (PC‐SAFT‐type EOSs) is compromised in predicting properties of pure compounds in the critical region. In our previous research, we introduced an improved volume‐translated rescaled PC‐SAFT EOS (VTR‐PC‐SAFT EOS) by incorporating a dimensionless distance‐function. Such VTR‐PC‐SAFT EOS is built based on a critical point‐based PC‐SAFT EOS that can reproduce the critical temperature, critical pressure, and critical molar volume of pure compounds. VTR‐PC‐SAFT EOS is found to significantly improve the accuracy of phase behavior predictions in both critical and noncritical regions for pure compounds. In this study, we assess the performance of VTR‐PC‐SAFT EOS in reproducing the critical and noncritical properties of 251 pure compounds, encompassing 20 distinct chemical species. The testing results indicate that, compared to the other three PC‐SAFT‐type EOSs, the VTR‐PC‐SAFT EOS can consistently provide more accurate representations of critical and noncritical properties of 251 pure compounds.
Process safety 4.0: Artificial intelligence or intelligence augmentation for safer process operation?
Authors: Arunthavanathan Rajeevan , Sajid Zaman , Amin Md. Tanjin , Tian Yuhe , Khan Faisal , Pistikopoulos Efstratios
Published: May 2024

The growth of artificial intelligence (AI) has allowed industries to automate and improve their efficiency in operations. Especially in process industries, AI helps to develop intelligent models and tools to proactively monitor and predict equipment or system failures, minimize downtime, and optimize maintenance schedules. With the advancements in AI and its ability to perform tasks, there is a growing belief that AI may eventually replace humans. However, the absence of human involvement in operations in the process industry raises safety concerns. Therefore, AI should collaborate with humans rather than replace them in processing facility operations. This technology is referred to as intelligence augmentation (IA). This article (i) presents a detailed comparison between AI and IA's potential in process systems, (ii) identifies the feasibility of using AI and IA in process safety, and (iii) identifies the risk associated with the implementation of AI or IA in process industries.
Associations among plasma, MRI, and amyloid PET biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias and the impact of health‐related comorbidities in a community‐dwelling cohort
Authors: Rudolph Marc D. , Sutphen Courtney L. , Register Thomas C. , Whitlow Christopher T. , Solingapuram Sai Kiran K. , Hughes Timothy M. , Bateman James R. , Dage Jeffrey L. , Russ Kristen A. , Mielke Michelle M. , Craft Suzanne , Lockhart Samuel N.
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION

We evaluated associations between plasma and neuroimaging‐derived biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias and the impact of health‐related comorbidities.

METHODS

We examined plasma biomarkers (neurofilament light chain, glial fibrillary acidic protein, amyloid beta [Aβ] 42/40, phosphorylated tau 181) and neuroimaging measures of amyloid deposition (Aβ‐positron emission tomography [PET]), total brain volume, white matter hyperintensity volume, diffusion‐weighted fractional anisotropy, and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging free water. Participants were adjudicated as cognitively unimpaired (CU; N = 299), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; N = 192), or dementia (DEM; N = 65). Biomarkers were compared across groups stratified by diagnosis, sex, race, and APOE ε4 carrier status. General linear models examined plasma‐imaging associations before and after adjusting for demographics (age, sex, race, education), APOE ε4 status, medications, diagnosis, and other factors (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], body mass index [BMI]).

RESULTS

Plasma biomarkers differed across diagnostic groups (DEM > MCI > CU), were altered in Aβ‐PET‐positive individuals, and were associated with poorer brain health and kidney function.

DISCUSSION

eGFR and BMI did not substantially impact associations between plasma and neuroimaging biomarkers.

Highlights

Plasma biomarkers differ across diagnostic groups (DEM > MCI > CU) and are altered in Aβ‐PET‐positive individuals.

Altered plasma biomarker levels are associated with poorer brain health and kidney function.

Plasma and neuroimaging biomarker associations are largely independent of comorbidities.
DNA Methylation in the Anti‐Mullerian Hormone Gene and the Risk of Disease Activity in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Giordano Antonino , Pignolet Béatrice , Mascia Elisabetta , Clarelli Ferdinando , Sorosina Melissa , Misra Kaalindi , Bucciarelli Florence , Ferrè Laura , Moiola Lucia , Liblau Roland , Filippi Massimo , Esposito Federica
Published: May 2024

Objective

Multiple sclerosis (MS) has a complex pathobiology, with genetic and environmental factors being crucial players. Understanding the mechanisms underlying heterogeneity in disease activity is crucial for tailored treatment. We explored the impact of DNA methylation, a key mechanism in the genetics‐environment interplay, on disease activity in MS.

Methods

Peripheral immune methylome profiling using Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChips was conducted on 249 untreated relapsing–remitting MS patients, sampled at the start of disease‐modifying treatment (DMT). A differential methylation analysis compared patients with evidence of disease activity (EDA) to those with no evidence of disease activity (NEDA) over 2 years from DMT start. Utilizing causal inference testing (CIT) and Mendelian randomization (MR), we sought to elucidate the relationships between DNA methylation, gene expression, genetic variation, and disease activity.

Results

Four differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified between EDA and NEDA. Examining the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 923 variants were found to account for the observed differences in the 4 DMRs. Importantly, 3 out of the 923 SNPs, affecting DNA methylation in a DMR linked to the anti‐Mullerian hormone (AMH) gene, were associated with disease activity risk in an independent cohort of 1,408 MS patients. CIT and MR demonstrated that DNA methylation in AMH acts as a mediator for the genetic risk of disease activity.

Interpretation

This study uncovered a novel molecular pathway implicating the interaction between DNA methylation and genetic variation in the risk of disease activity in MS, emphasizing the role of sex hormones, particularly the AMH, in MS pathobiology. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:289–301
Alumina – Stabilized SEI and CEI in Potassium Metal Batteries
Authors: Liu Pengcheng , Hao Hongchang , Singla Aditya , Vishnugopi Bairav S. , Watt John , Mukherjee Partha P. , Mitlin David
Published: May 2024

Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanopowder is spin‐coated onto both sides of commercial polypropene separator to create artificial solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) and artificial cathode electrolyte interface (CEI) in potassium metal batteries (KMBs). This significantly enhances the stability, including of KMBs with Prussian Blue (PB) cathodes. For example, symmetric cells are stable after 1,000 cycles at 0.5 mA/cm2–0.5 mAh/cm2 and 3.0 mA/cm2–0.5 mAh/cm2. Alumina modified separators promote electrolyte wetting and increase ionic conductivity (0.59 vs. 0.2 mS/cm) and transference number (0.81 vs. 0.23). Cryo‐stage focused ion beam (cryo‐FIB) analysis of cycled modified anode demonstrates dense and planar electrodeposits, versus unmodified baseline consisting of metal filaments (dendrites) interspersed with pores and SEI. Alumina‐modified CEI also suppresses elemental Fe crossover and reduces cathode cracking. Mesoscale modeling of metal – SEI interactions captures crucial role of intrinsic heterogeneities, illustrating how artificial SEI affects reaction current distribution, conductivity and morphological stability.
An Enzymatic Prodrug‐like Route to Thio and Selenoamides
Authors: Ishida Keishi , Litomska Agnieszka , Dunbar Kyle L. , Hertweck Christian
Published: May 2024

6‐Thioguanine (6TG) is a clinically used antitumor agent that was rationally designed as a DNA‐targeting antimetabolite, but it also occurs naturally. 6TG is a critical virulence factor produced by Erwinia amylovorans, a notorious plant pathogen that causes fire blight of pome fruit trees. The biosynthesis of the rare thioamide metabolite involves an adenylating enzyme (YcfA) and a sulfur‐mobilizing enzyme (YcfC), but the mechanism of sulfur transfer and putative intermediates have remained elusive. Through dissection and in vitro reconstitution of the thionation process using diverse substrates, we uncover an intermediate, prodrug‐like thio‐conjugate and elucidate the precise enzyme functions. YcfA not only adenylates GMP but also transfers the mercapto group of l‐cysteine to the activated carbonyl. A designated C−S lyase (YcfC) then cleaves the resulting S‐adduct to yield the thioamide. This pathway is distinct from canonical tRNA sulfur modifications and known enzymatic peptide thionations. By exploring a wide range of substrate surrogates, we exploited the tolerance of the enzyme pair to produce even a seleno analog. This study provides valuable insight into a previously unexplored area of bacterial thioamide formation and lays the groundwork for synthetic biology approaches to produce thioamide antimetabolites.
Characterization of holocellulose extracted from agricultural and food processing byproducts via ecofriendly delignification pulping process
Authors: Lin Chieh‐Yi , Jung Jooyeoun , Zhao Yanyun
Published: May 2024

This study investigated an ecofriendly peracetic acid delignification process to extract holocellulose from various fiber rich plant‐based byproducts (coconut palm spathe/leaf, apple pulp, wine grape pomace, hazelnut shell, and hemp fiber/hurd), and evaluated their physicochemical, morphological, and thermophysical properties in comparison with commercial cellulose nanofibers produced from wood. Holocellulose from coconut palm spathe has long fiber (~846.7 μm), whereas that from wine grape pomace and hazelnut shell exhibits a cylinder shape of particles with short fiber length (~123.8 and ~ 71.1 μm, respectively). Biofilms cast from apple pulp and hemp fiber holocellulose have higher degradation temperature (361 and 358°C, respectively) than biofilms from other materials, thus more thermally stable. All biofilms demonstrate high UV absorbance, and the biofilm cast from apple pulp holocellulose is transparent with smooth surface. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirms the presence of cellulose and hemicellulose as the main components in the biofilms, along with traces of residual lignin that remained after the extraction process. This study demonstrates that holocellulose with varied cellulose morphology and polymeric characteristics could be extracted depending on the type of byproducts and be employed to produce sustainable packaging materials.
Processing and performance of 3D‐printed gelatin‐based edible composite hydrogels
Authors: Chen Bicheng , Xu Hongyu , Liu Shiwen , Shi Hanzhe , Tuo Xiaohang , Gong Yumei
Published: May 2024

3D‐printed food exhibits unique advantages in precision nutrition food and personalized customization, achieving disease prevention and treatment through personalized nutrition plans and scientific addition. In this study, 3D‐printing and stable structure of gelatin‐based foods were achieved by heating extrusion. On this basis, we compared the relationship between gelatin viscosity and formability, quantified the water diffusion of composite hydrogels, and verified the edibility of each stage and component by gel strength test and texture profile analysis. The optimal content of the composite hydrogel was 35% gelatin and 5% glycerol, and the concentration of TG enzyme solution was 5%. On this basis, the content of brown sugar increased to 15% did not affect the 3D‐printing formability. Therefore, the 3D‐printed gelatin‐based composite hydrogels in this study provided a processing scheme for high adding nutrients to food 3D‐printed products.
Fundamental Principles and Emerging Opportunities for Selectively‐Solvated Block Copolymer Networks in Nonpolar Media: A Perspective
Authors: McFeaters Fontaine E. , Spontak Richard J.
Published: May 2024

Block polymers remain an extensively studied class of macromolecules due to their ability to self‐organize spontaneously as a result of microphase separation into a variety of ordered nanostructures, depending on the number of contiguous sequences (“blocks”) present and their sequential arrangement. These polymers are classified as multifunctional since they exhibit two or more different property sets during application. In this work, the focus is on bicomponent block copolymers composed of soft and hard segments arranged as linear triblock or higher‐order multiblock copolymers and possessing the properties of a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). Of particular interest are selectively‐solvated TPEs, designated as TPE gels (TPEGs), with precisely‐ and composition‐tunable properties. An important aspect of TPEs and their TPEG analogs is their elasticity, which reflects the ability of the soft block(s) to form a contiguous molecular network connected by dispersed microdomains composed of the hard block. Here, the origins of microphase separation and network formation in styrenic TPEs and TPEGs are explored, and experimental, theoretical, and simulation results are examined to elucidate chemistry‐structure‐property‐processing (CSPP) relationships in these self‐networking materials. Once such relationships are established, several unconventional technologies that can directly benefit from TPEGs, along with TPEGs fabricated from TPEs possessing different chemical moieties, are likewise considered.
Real‐Time Observation of Slowed Charge Density Wave Dynamics in Thinned 1T‐TaS2
Authors: Yin Shenchu , He Keke , Barut Bilal , Randle Michael D. , Dixit Ripudaman , Nathawat Jubin , Adinehloo Davoud , Perebeinos Vasili , Han Jong E. , Bird Jonathan P.
Published: May 2024

Transient electrical pulsing is used to investigate the slowed charge density wave (CDW) kinetics of 1T‐TaS2. These measurements distinguish a fast response of the material, consistent with the onset of self‐heating, from much slower transients that occur on timescales orders of magnitude longer than this. The latter variations appear consistent with slow configurational changes in the CDW, which, due to the thin nature of the 1T‐TaS2, can be distinguished from the much faster dynamics of Joule heating. Experiments in which the cooling of the material is interrupted, demonstrate the possibility of “programming” it in different, strongly nonequilibrium, CDW phases. Collectively, the results point to the existence of a complex free‐energy space for the thinned material, whose multi‐valley structure and hidden metastable states govern the resulting thermal and field‐driven dynamics. Crucially, this work demonstrates that while the CDW dynamics in this material may have a thermal character, the timescales associated with these motions can be very different from those on which self‐heating occurs. This discovery will be important for efforts to implement active devices that utilize the CDW states of thinned 1T‐TaS2.
Oregon's Unprecedented Labor Day 2020 Fires: Impacts and Response
Authors: Toth Nancy , Harper Craig , Del Moro Matthew , Henry Robert M. , Fischer Erica C. , Davis Emily Jane
Published: May 2024

Key Takeaways

The prevalence of hotter, more destructive wildfires will continue to threaten water systems’ ability to maintain source water quality and effective treatment.

Over the Labor Day weekend in 2020, wildfires burned more than one million acres in Oregon; case studies illustrate three communities’ recovery and restoration strategies.

Preparing for and responding to wildfires is done most effectively as a collaborative effort of utilities and local organizations and agencies.

Utilities can protect their drinking water systems from a distribution standpoint and at a landscape level (i.e., protecting the source water).
A systematic literature review of group contingencies with adults
Authors: Fuhrmann‐Knowles Angela , Deshpande Madhura , Leaf Justin B.
Published: May 2024

A group contingency is one in which a common consequence (e.g., a reinforcer or a punisher) is contingent on the behavior of one member of a group, the behavior of part of a group, or the behavior of every member in a group. The most commonly used group contingencies in behavior‐analytic practice and research include interdependent, independent, and dependent group contingencies. Group contingencies are advantageous for multiple reasons, including their versatility, as they have been demonstrated to be effective across individuals, settings, and behaviors. Additionally, they are efficient as they can facilitate behavior change in multiple individuals at once. Previous literature reviews have supported the use of group contingencies with children; however, there has yet to be a systematic literature review conducted on group contingencies with adults. Because group contingencies have multiple benefits, it is important that a literature review be conducted to assess the evidence of these interventions when implemented with adults. A literature review of studies utilizing group contingencies with adults was conducted. Trends across studies, the efficacy of different group contingencies, clinical implications, and recommendations for future research are provided.
Quantitative analysis of CL‐20 explosive by smartphone‐based chemiluminescence method
Authors: Rafee Reihne Sadat , Pouretedal Hamid Reza , Damiri Sajjad
Published: May 2024

A new smartphone‐based chemiluminescence method has been introduced for the quantitative analysis of CL‐20 (Hexanitroazaisowuertzitan) explosive. The solvent mixture, oxidizer agent, and concentration of the reactants were optimized using statistical procedures. CL‐20 explosive showed a quenching effect on the chemiluminescence intensity of the luminol−NaClO reaction in the solvent mixture of DMSO/H2O. A smartphone was used as a detector to record the light intensity of chemiluminescence reaction as a video file. The recorded video file was converted to an analytical signal as intensity luminescence–time curve by a written code in MATLAB software. Dynamic range and limit of detection of the proposed method were obtained 2.0–240.0 and 1.1 mg⋅L−1, respectively, in optimized concentrations 1.5 × 10−3 mol⋅L−1 luminol and 1.0 × 10−2 mol⋅L−1 NaClO. Precursors TADB, HBIW, and TADNIW in CL‐20 explosive synthesis did not show interference in measurement the CL‐20 purity. The analysis of CL‐20 spiked samples of soil and water indicated the satisfactory ability of the method in the analysis of real samples. The interaction of CL‐20 molecules and OCl− ions is due to quench of chemiluminescence reaction of the luminol−NaClO.
Unveiling the impact of corporate humanistic responsibility on sustainable employee well‐being: Exploring perceived support and shared experiences
Authors: Koon Vui‐Yee
Published: May 2024

The significance of employee well‐being within corporate social responsibility (CSR) is widely acknowledged. However, while CSR often emphasizes its societal dimension, its humanistic aspect frequently remains in the background, with limited exploration of its connection to employee well‐being from this perspective. This study seeks to fill this gap by examining the role of corporate humanistic responsibility (CHR) in enhancing employee well‐being, focusing on its influence through perceived organizational support (POS) and homogeneous experiences (HEs), employing an emerging‐enabling process approach. Data were gathered from 236 employees across 70 multinational corporations through a two‐time point survey. The findings indicate that both POS and HE positively mediate the relationship between CHR, life well‐being, and psychological well‐being. However, the sequential mediation did not yield significant impacts on workplace well‐being. The study concludes by discussing the findings, theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and future studies. Through this exploration, a deeper understanding of how CHR can enhance employee well‐being from a humanistic perspective is attained, offering valuable insights for academia and corporate sustainability endeavors.
An MRI study demonstrating consistent anatomic relation of central longitudinal artery and associated periosteal vessels with the medial femoral epicondyle and adductor tubercle—A visual landmark method for femoral tunnel placement in medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction
Authors: Mandalia Vipul , Anaspure Rahul , Aboelmagd Sharief , Powell Roy , Manning William
Published: May 2024

The two most common techniques to determine femoral tunnel placement during medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction are radiographic and by palpation. Their intra/interobserver reliability is widely debated. Both techniques rely on identifying bony landmarks such as the medial epicondyle (ME) and adductor tubercle (AT) during surgery. During MPFL reconstructive surgery, the central longitudinal vessels (CLVs) are seen consistently. The aim of this study was to investigate the anatomic relationship of CLV to ME and AT and to determine if CLV might be used as a landmark during MPFL reconstruction. A retrospective review of MRI scans in skeletally mature patients was undertake. There were two groups, a PFI group that consisted of patients with a diagnosis of patellofemoral instabiliy (PFI) and a non‐PFI group that underwent MRI scan for an alternative diagnosis. MRIs were measured for the CLV‐ME‐AT anatomy and relationship. Following exclusions, 50 patients were identified in each group. The CLV passed anterior to the AT and ME in all patients. ME morphology did not differ greatly between the groups except in the tubercle height, where there was statistically significant but not a clinically important difference (larger in the non‐PFI group, 2.95 vs. 2.52 mm, p = 0.002). The CLV to ME tip distance was consistent between the groups (PFI group 3.8 mm and non‐PFI group 3.9 mm). The CLV‐ME‐AT relationship remained consistent irrespective of patients' presenting pathology. The CLV consistently courses anterior to ME and AT. The CLV could be used as a vascular landmark assisting femoral tunnel placement during MPFL reconstruction.
Purchase spillovers from the metaverse to the real world: The roles of social presence, trialability, and customer experience
Authors: Mansoor Shafayet , Rahman Syed Mahmudur , Bowden Jana Lay‐Hwa
Published: May 2024

The promise of the metaverse as a collective, virtual, and shared social space is revolutionizing digital retail. This study provides groundbreaking insights into customer experience in immersive metaverse environments, as well as into how these experiences on metaverse platforms influence customers' real‐world consumption behaviors. Drawing upon data from metaverse platform users in the US, this study identifies the specific antecedents of a positive customer experience on metaverse platforms, including the role of social presence and trialability. Further, it demonstrates the potential for purchase spillovers from the metaverse to traditional retail channels, extending the omnichannel retail literature. In addition, it examines how early‐stage versus long‐term users of the metaverse shape users' intentions to revisit metaverse platforms. Based on our results, we offer a comprehensive model of customers' metaverse behaviors, which may be used to predict and enhance customers' purchase intentions across channels. Our results also demonstrate that the metaverse is not merely a parallel digital retail channel but instead an influential extension of the customers' real‐world consumption. From a managerial perspective, we offer metaverse operators and retail brand managers insights into how an engaging and immersive customer experience in the metaverse can be developed to support metaverse platform growth, and targeted brand strategies that translate into real‐world gain for both the brand and the customer. The findings suggest that metaverse platforms must deliver customer experiences at a very high level to prevent stagnation in metaverse usage intentions; therefore, managers can confidently continue investing in relevant strategies to fuel metaverse platform growth.
Chemical Composition of Extracts and Fractions from Miconia Ibaguensis (Melastomataceae) Leaves and Evaluation of Biological Activities
Authors: Sehnem Gabriela S. , Silva Julia A. , da C. Silva Tiara , Prado Diego G. , Santiago Mariana B. , O. Santos Anna Lívia , Martins Mário M. , Cunha Luis C. S. , Sousa Raquel M. F. , Romero Rosana , Bittar Vinicius P. , Borges Ana Luiza S. , Martins Carlos H. G. , Espindola Foued S. , de Oliveira Alberto
Published: May 2024

The study aimed to assess the chemical composition of Miconia ibaguensis leaves extracts and fractions obtained from the ethanolic extract (EE), along with evaluating their antifungal, antibacterial, antidiabetic, and antioxidant activities. The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) exhibited potent antifungal activity against Candida spp (1.95–3.90 μg mL−1) and potent antioxidant activity in the DPPH (1.74±0.07 μg mL−1), FRAP (654.01±42.09 μmol ETrolox/gsample), and ORAC (3698.88±37.28 μmol ETrolox/gsample) methods. The EE displayed inhibition against the α‐amylase enzyme (8.42±0.05 μg mL−1). Flavonoids, hydrolysable tannins, triterpenoids, and phenolic acids, identified in the EE and fractions via (−)‐HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis, were found to contribute to the species′ biological activity potentially. These findings suggest promising avenues for further research and potential applications in pharmacology and natural products, offering new possibilities in the fight against global health issues.
A case of IgA pemphigus, with a poor response to dapsone, successfully treated with adalimumab
Authors: Al‐Zahawi Saman , Kamyab Kambiz , Balighi Kamran
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

IgA pemphigus is usually treated by Dapsone. Recalcitrant cases may be treated by Colchicine, Sulfapyridine, or Acitretin. Some patients with recurrent severe disease may not respond to the aforementioned medications. Our study highlights the role of TNFa inhibitor as an alternative modality in the treatment of recalcitrant IgA pemphigus.

IgA pemphigus is a rare autoimmune blistering disease characterized by a pruritic, annular, vesiculopustular eruption. In IgA pemphigus, there are IgA autoantibodies targeting the keratinocyte cell surface adhesion molecules, causing cell‐to‐cell dehiscence and a flaccid vesiculopustular eruption, mainly in the axilla and groin. Dapsone, despite being the drug of choice for treating IgA pemphigus, is not effective in clearing lesions in a minority of patients and such rare cases of recalcitrant IgA pemphigus need alternative modalities of treatment. Here, we report the successful treatment of a 50‐year‐old male patient with an adalimumab injection who had a poor response to dapsone.
Fluorescent Composite Nano‐ and Microparticles Based on Xanthene Dyes and Iron Oxides
Authors: Muradova Aytan G. , Al‐Hilali Hasan A. , Andreeva Polina A. , Sharapaev Alexander I. , Khakimov Karim T. , Bai Xiumei , Finko Alexander V.
Published: May 2024

Modern industry actively uses metal structural materials to create innovative devices and components. In order to prevent emergency situations in production, nondestructive testing methods are used to detect defects on the surface of the material being developed. Among the methods of nondestructive testing, one can highlight the method of luminescent magnetic flaw detection, which allows identifying defects on the surface and under the surface of the test sample with minimal effort. It is known that in some cases, the magnetic‐powder method cannot achieve the required sensitivity due to the shape and location of defects themselves or due to certain conditions of object operation. To increase the visibility and sensitivity, magnetic nano‐ and microparticles can be conjugated with the dyes. Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4, γ‐Fe2O3) can be used as such magnetic particles, since they are quite easy to obtain and have low toxicity, high chemical stability, and a wide variety of magnetic properties. To ensure fluorescence of magnetic particles, a wide variety of fluorescent dyes associated with such particles are used. The dyes can include morin, naphthalimide derivatives, as well as semiconductor quantum dots. This article provides a review of fluorescent composite micro‐ and nanoparticles based on xanthene dyes (rhodamine, fluorescein, and pyronine). Such dyes are economically available luminophores, have good binding to the surface of magnetic particles, and therefore can be suitable for luminescent magnetic flaw detection. This review article discusses methods for producing composite nano‐ and microparticles of iron oxides with xanthene dyes and provides prospects of using composite nano‐ and microparticles in nondestructive testing methods.
A survey of ethofumesate resistant annual bluegrass (Poa annua) on US golf courses
Authors: Vukovic Vera , Mattox Clint M. , Kowalewski Alec R. , McNally Brandon C. , McElroy J. Scott , Patton Aaron J.
Published: May 2024

Annual bluegrass (Poa annuaL.) is the most troublesome weed on golf courses in the US. Many agronomic practices intended to promote high‐quality playing surfaces favor the growth and development of annual bluegrass, resulting in high weed pressure. One commonly used herbicide for annual bluegrass control on golf courses is ethofumesate, which is a very long chain fatty acid inhibitor. Annual bluegrass resistance to this herbicide is documented and confirmed in grass seed production systems, but potential resistance on golf courses was previously unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and magnitude of potential ethofumesate resistance from a sample of US golf courses. A dose‐response experiment was initiated at Purdue University using 30 annual bluegrass populations collected from Alabama, California, Indiana, and Oregon golf courses. Ten ethofumesate doses included 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, and 40.0 lb a.i. acre−1, with 1.0 to 2.0 a.i. acre−1as the standard label application rate for perennial ryegrass turf. A low level of resistance (R/S < 3) was found in several populations collected in each state. The mean effective dose necessary to kill 50% of the populations (ED50) was 5.1, 9.2, 3.5, and 3.4 lb a.i. acre−1for populations from Alabama, California, Indiana, and Oregon, respectively. The most resistant population originated from California, with an ED50of 13.2 lb a.i. acre−1. To reduce selection pressure from ethofumesate populations, golf course superintendents are encouraged to develop site‐specific weed control programs that rotate herbicide sites of action, as well as utilize diverse control tactics.
Mechanical Bond Induced Enhancement and Purification of Pyrene Emission in the Solid State
Authors: Zhang Shu , Zhou Ru , Zhang Ningjin , An Yi , Liu Zhiyang , Chen Xu‐Man , Li Quan
Published: May 2024

To address key concerns on solid‐state pyrene‐based luminescent materials, we propose a novel and efficient mechanical bond strategy. This strategy results in a transformation from ACQ to AIE effect and a remarkable enhancement of pyrene emission in the solid state. Moreover, an unusual purification of emission is also achieved. Through computational calculation and experimental characterisation, finally determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis, we prove that the excellent emissions result from mechanical bond induced refinement of molecular arrangements, including reduced π‐π stacking, well‐ordered packing and enhanced structural stability. This work demonstrates the potential of mechanical bond in the field of organic luminescent molecules, providing a new avenue for developing high‐performance organic luminescent materials.
Current role of cytopathology in the molecular and computational era: The perspective of young pathologists
Authors: Caputo Alessandro , Pisapia Pasquale , L'Imperio Vincenzo
Published: May 2024

Cytopathology represents a well established diagnostic approach because of its limited cost, reliability, and minimal invasiveness with respect to other methodologies. The evolving complexity of the different classifications systems and the implementation of ancillary techniques to refine the diagnosis is progressively helping in the risk of malignancy stratification, and the adoption of next‐generation sequencing techniques contributes to enrich this valuable tool with predictive information, which is always more essential in the tailored medicine era. The recent introduction of digital and computational pathology is further boosting the potentialities of cytopathology, aiding in the interpretation of samples to improve the cost effectiveness of large screening programs and the diagnostic efficiency within intermediate/atypical categories. Moreover, the adoption of artificial intelligence tools is promising to complement molecular investigations, representing a stimulating perspective in the cytopathology field. In this work, the authors tried to summarize the multifaceted nature of this complex and evolving field of pathology, synthesizing the most recent advances and providing the young pathologists’ perspective on this fascinating world.