bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trend of Suicide Rates According to Urbanity among Adolescents by Gender and Suicide Method in Korea, 1997–2012
Authors: Choi Kyung-Hwa , Kim Dong-Hyun
Published: May 2015

This study aims to quantifiably evaluate the trend of the suicide rate among Korean adolescents from 1997 to 2012 according to urbanity. We used national death certificates and registration population data by administrative district for 15–19 years-old adolescents. The annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) were estimated by the Joinpoint Regression Program. The suicide rate in the rural areas was higher than that in the urban areas in both genders (males (/100,000), 12.2 vs. 8.5; females (/100,000), 10.2 vs. 7.4 in 2012). However, the trend significantly increased only in the urban area (AAPC [95% CI]: males 2.6 [0.7, 4.6], females 3.3 [1.4, 5.2]). In urban areas, the suicide rate by jumping significantly increased in both genders (AAPC [95% CI]: males, 6.7 [4.3, 9.1]; females, 4.5 [3.0, 6.1]). In rural areas, the rate by self-poisoning significantly decreased by 7.9% per year for males (95% CI: −12.5, −3.0) and the rate by hanging significantly increased by 10.1% per year for females (95% CI: 2.6, 18.2). The trend and methods of suicide differ according to urbanity; therefore, a suicide prevention policy based on urbanity needs to be established for adolescents in Korea.
Integrated Assessment of Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Ghana—Part 1: Human Health Review
Authors: Basu Niladri , Clarke Edith , Green Allyson , Calys-Tagoe Benedict , Chan Laurie , Dzodzomenyo Mawuli , Fobil Julius , Long Rachel , Neitzel Richard , Obiri Samuel , Odei Eric , Ovadje Lauretta , Quansah Reginald , Rajaee Mozhgon , Wilson Mark
Published: May 2015

This report is one of three synthesis documents produced via an integrated assessment (IA) that aims to increase understanding of artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in Ghana. Given the complexities surrounding ASGM, an IA framework was utilized to analyze economic, social, health, and environmental data, and co-develop evidence-based responses with pertinent stakeholders. The current analysis focuses on the health of ASGM miners and community members, and synthesizes extant data from the literature as well as co-authors’ recent findings regarding the causes, status, trends, and consequences of ASGM in Ghana. The results provide evidence from across multiple Ghanaian ASGM sites that document relatively high exposures to mercury and other heavy metals, occupational injuries and noise exposure. The work also reviews limited data on psychosocial health, nutrition, cardiovascular and respiratory health, sexual health, and water and sanitation. Taken together, the findings provide a thorough overview of human health issues in Ghanaian ASGM communities. Though more research is needed to further elucidate the relationships between ASGM and health outcomes, the existing research on plausible health consequences of ASGM should guide policies and actions to better address the unique challenges of ASGM in Ghana and potentially elsewhere.
Resistance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to Fluoroquinolones: Prevalence in a University Hospital and Possible Mechanisms
Authors: Jia Wei , Wang Jiayuan , Xu Haotong , Li Gang
Published: May 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical distribution and genotyping of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, its resistance to antimicrobial agents, and the possible mechanisms of this drug resistance. Methods: S. maltophilia isolates were collected from clinical specimens in a university hospital in Northwestern China during the period between 2010 and 2012, and were identified to the species level with a fully automated microbiological system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for S. maltophilia with the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of norfloxacin, ofloxacin, chloramphenicol, minocycline, ceftazidime, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against S. maltophilia were assessed using the agar dilution method, and changes in the MIC of norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were observed after the addition of reserpine, an efflux pump inhibitor. Fluoroquinolone resistance genes were detected in S. maltophilia using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, and the expression of efflux pump smeD and smeF genes was determined using a quantitative fluorescent (QF)-PCR assay. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was employed to genotype identified S. maltophilia isolates. Results: A total of 426 S. maltophilia strains were isolated from the university hospital from 2010 to 2012, consisting of 10.1% of total non-fermentative bacteria. The prevalence of norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin resistance was 32.4%, 21.9% and 13.2% in the 114 S. maltophilia isolates collected from 2012, respectively. Following reserpine treatment, 19 S. maltophilia isolates positive for efflux pump were identified, and high expression of smeD and smeF genes was detected in two resistant isolates. gyrA, parC, smeD, smeE and smeF genes were detected in all 114 S. maltophilia isolates, while smqnr gene was found in 25.4% of total isolates. Glu-Lys mutation (GAA-AAA) was detected at the 151th amino acid of the gyrA gene, while Gly-Arg mutation (GGC-CGC) was found at the 37th amino acid of the parC gene. However, no significant difference was observed in the prevalence of gyrA or parC mutation between fluoroquinolone-resistant and -susceptible isolates (p> 0.05). The smqnr gene showed 92% to 99% heterogenicity among the 14 S. maltophilia clinical isolates. PFGE of 29 smqnr gene-positive S. maltophilia clinical isolates revealed 25 PFGE genotypes and 28 subgenotypes. Conclusions: Monitoring the clinical distribution and antimicrobial resistance of S. maltophilia is of great significance for the clinical therapy of bacterial infections. Reserpine is effective to inhibit the active efflux of norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin on S. maltophilia and reduce MIC of fluoroquinolones against the bacteria. The expression of efflux pump smeD and smeF genes correlates with the resistance of S. maltophilia to fluoroquinolones.
Special Issue: Recent Developments in Finance and Banking after the 2008 Crisis
Authors: Apergis Nicholas , Payne James
Published: May 2015

The sub-prime financial crisis was not simply the result of excessive leverage and inadequate capital, but it was brewing for some time as a result of a gradual deterioration of business leadership, lapses in governance and in the regulatory framework (particularly in derivatives markets), and an ineffective risk-management framework.[...]
Chemical Reactions Directed Peptide Self-Assembly
Authors: Rasale Dnyaneshwar , Das Apurba
Published: May 2015

Fabrication of self-assembled nanostructures is one of the important aspects in nanoscience and nanotechnology. The study of self-assembled soft materials remains an area of interest due to their potential applications in biomedicine. The versatile properties of soft materials can be tuned using a bottom up approach of small molecules. Peptide based self-assembly has significant impact in biology because of its unique features such as biocompatibility, straight peptide chain and the presence of different side chain functionality. These unique features explore peptides in various self-assembly process. In this review, we briefly introduce chemical reaction-mediated peptide self-assembly. Herein, we have emphasised enzymes, native chemical ligation and photochemical reactions in the exploration of peptide self-assembly.
Applications of Ni3Al Based Intermetallic Alloys—Current Stage and Potential Perceptivities
Authors: Jozwik Pawel , Polkowski Wojciech , Bojar Zbigniew
Published: May 2015

The paper presents an overview of current and prospective applications of Ni3Al based intermetallic alloys—modern engineering materials with special properties that are potentially useful for both structural and functional purposes. The bulk components manufactured from these materials are intended mainly for forging dies, furnace assembly, turbocharger components, valves, and piston head of internal combustion engines. The Ni3Al based alloys produced by a directional solidification are also considered as a material for the fabrication of jet engine turbine blades. Moreover, development of composite materials with Ni3Al based alloys as a matrix hardened by, e.g., TiC, ZrO2, WC, SiC and graphene, is also reported. Due to special physical and chemical properties; it is expected that these materials in the form of thin foils and strips should make a significant contribution to the production of high tech devices, e.g., Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) or Microtechnology-based Energy and Chemical Systems (MECS); as well as heat exchangers; microreactors; micro-actuators; components of combustion chambers and gasket of rocket and jet engines as well components of high specific strength systems. Additionally, their catalytic properties may find an application in catalytic converters, air purification systems from chemical and biological toxic agents or in a hydrogen “production” by a decomposition of hydrocarbons.
Emerging Concepts Promising New Horizons for Marine Biodiscovery and Synthetic Biology
Authors: Reen F. , Gutiérrez-Barranquero José , Dobson Alan , Adams Claire , O'Gara Fergal
Published: May 2015

The vast oceans of the world, which comprise a huge variety of unique ecosystems, are emerging as a rich and relatively untapped source of novel bioactive compounds with invaluable biotechnological and pharmaceutical potential. Evidence accumulated over the last decade has revealed that the diversity of marine microorganisms is enormous with many thousands of bacterial species detected that were previously unknown. Associated with this diversity is the production of diverse repertoires of bioactive compounds ranging from peptides and enzymes to more complex secondary metabolites that have significant bioactivity and thus the potential to be exploited for innovative biotechnology. Here we review the discovery and functional potential of marine bioactive peptides such as lantibiotics, nanoantibiotics and peptidomimetics, which have received particular attention in recent years in light of their broad spectrum of bioactivity. The significance of marine peptides in cell-to-cell communication and how this may be exploited in the discovery of novel bioactivity is also explored. Finally, with the recent advances in bioinformatics and synthetic biology, it is becoming clear that the integration of these disciplines with genetic and biochemical characterization of the novel marine peptides, offers the most potential in the development of the next generation of societal solutions.
Biological Activity and Photostability of Biflorin Micellar Nanostructures
Authors: Santana Edson , Ferreira-Neto João , Yara Ricardo , Sena Kêsia , Fontes Adriana , Lima Cláudia
Published: May 2015

Capraria biflora L. is a shrub from the Scrophulariaceae family which produces in its roots a compound named biflorin, an o-naphthoquinone that shows activity against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi and also presents antitumor and antimetastatic activities. However, biflorin is hydrophobic and photosensitive. These properties make its application difficult. In this work we prepared biflorin micellar nanostructures looking for a more effective vehiculation and better preservation of the biological activity. Biflorin was obtained, purified and characterized by UV-Vis, infrared (IR) and 1H- and 13C-NMR. Micellar nanostructures of biflorin were then assembled with Tween 80®, Tween 20® and saline (0.9%) and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results showed that the micellar nanostructures were stable and presented an average size of 8.3 nm. Biflorin micellar nanostructures’ photodegradation was evaluated in comparison with biflorin in ethanol. Results showed that the biflorin in micellar nanostructures was better protected from light than biflorin dissolved in ethanol, and also indicated that biflorin in micelles were efficient against Gram-positive bacteria and yeast species. In conclusion, the results showed that the micellar nanostructures could ensure the maintenance of the biological activity of biflorin, conferring photoprotection. Moreover, biflorin vehiculation in aqueous media was improved, favoring its applicability in biological systems.
Synthesis, Biological Activities, and Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) Study of Novel Camptothecin Analogues
Authors: Wu Dan , Zhang Shao-Yong , Liu Ying-Qian , Wu Xiao-Bing , Zhu Gao-Xiang , Zhang Yan , Wei Wei , Liu Huan-Xiang , Chen An-Liang
Published: May 2015

In continuation of our program aimed at the development of natural product-based pesticidal agents, three series of novel camptothecin derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their biological activities against T. Cinnabarinus, B. brassicae, and B. xylophilus. All of the derivatives showed good-to-excellent activity against three insect species tested, with LC50 values ranging from 0.00761 to 0.35496 mmol/L. Remarkably, all of the compounds were more potent than CPT against T. Cinnabarinus, and compounds 4d and 4c displayed superior activity (LC50 0.00761 mmol/L and 0.00942 mmol/L, respectively) compared with CPT (LC50 0.19719 mmol/L) against T. Cinnabarinus. Based on the observed bioactivities, preliminary structure–activity relationship (SAR) correlations were also discussed. Furthermore, a three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was built. The model gave statistically significant results with the cross-validated q2 values of 0.580 and correlation coefficient r2 of 0.991 and of 0.993. The QSAR analysis indicated that the size of the substituents play an important in the activity of 7-modified camptothecin derivatives. These findings will pave the way for further design, structural optimization, and development of camptothecin-derived compounds as pesticidal agents.
Suboptimal Micronutrient Intake among Children in Europe
Authors: Kaganov Boris , Caroli Margherita , Mazur Artur , Singhal Atul , Vania Andrea
Published: May 2015

Adequate dietary intake of micronutrients is not necessarily achieved even in resource-rich areas of the world wherein overeating is a public health concern. In Europe, population-based data suggests substantial variability in micronutrient intake among children. Two independent surveys of micronutrient consumption among European children were evaluated. Stratified by age, the data regarding micronutrient intake were evaluated in the context of daily requirements, which are typically estimated in the absence of reliable absolute values derived from prospective studies. The proportion of children living in Europe whose intake of at least some vitamins and trace elements are at or below the estimated average requirements is substantial. The most common deficiencies across age groups included vitamin D, vitamin E, and iodine. Specific deficiencies were not uniform across countries or by age or gender. Micronutrient intake appears to be more strongly influenced by factors other than access to food. Substantial portions of European children may be at risk of reversible health risks from inadequate intake of micronutrients. Despite the growing health threat posed by excess intake of calories, adequate exposure to vitamins, trace elements, and other micronutrients may deserve attention in public health initiatives to optimize growth and development in the European pediatric population.
Does an Adolescent’s Accuracy of Recall Improve with a Second 24-h Dietary Recall?
Authors: Kerr Deborah , Wright Janine , Dhaliwal Satvinder , Boushey Carol
Published: May 2015

The multiple-pass 24-h dietary recall is used in most national dietary surveys. Our purpose was to assess if adolescents’ accuracy of recall improved when a 5-step multiple-pass 24-h recall was repeated. Participants (n = 24), were Chinese-American youths aged between 11 and 15 years and lived in a supervised environment as part of a metabolic feeding study. The 24-h recalls were conducted on two occasions during the first five days of the study. The four steps (quick list; forgotten foods; time and eating occasion; detailed description of the food/beverage) of the 24-h recall were assessed for matches by category. Differences were observed in the matching for the time and occasion step (p < 0.01), detailed description (p < 0.05) and portion size matching (p < 0.05). Omission rates were higher for the second recall (p < 0.05 quick list; p < 0.01 forgotten foods). The adolescents over-estimated energy intake on the first (11.3% ± 22.5%; p < 0.05) and second recall (10.1% ± 20.8%) compared with the known food and beverage items. These results suggest that the adolescents’ accuracy to recall food items declined with a second 24-h recall when repeated over two non-consecutive days.
Modeling of On-Chip Optical Nonreciprocity with an Active Microcavity
Authors: Wen Jianming , Jiang Xiaoshun , Zhang Mengzhen , Jiang Liang , Hua Shiyue , Wu Hongya , Yang Chao , Xiao Min
Published: May 2015

On-chip nonreciprocal light transport holds a great impact on optical information processing and communications based upon integrated photonic devices. By harvesting gain-saturation nonlinearity, we recently demonstrated on-chip optical asymmetric transmission at telecommunication bands with superior nonreciprocal performances using only one active whispering-gallery-mode microtoroid resonator, beyond the commonly adopted magneto-optical (Faraday) effect. Here, detailed theoretical analysis is presented with respect to the reported scheme. Despite the fact that our model is simply the standard coupled-mode theory, it agrees well with the experiment and describes the essential one-way light transport in this nonreciprocal device. Further discussions, including the connection with the second law of thermodynamics and Fano resonance, are also briefly made in the end.
Biopolymer Blends Based on Poly (lactic acid): Shear and Elongation Rheology/Structure/Blowing Process Relationships
Authors: Al-Itry Racha , Lamnawar Khalid , Maazouz Abderrahim
Published: May 2015

This study was dedicated to the blown film extrusion of poly(lactic acid), which mainly presents poor shear and elongation viscosities, and its blends. In order to enhance its melt strength, two main routes were selected (i) a structural modification through chain extension and branching mechanisms by adding a reactive multifunctional epoxide (named Joncryl) and (ii) blending with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephtalate), named PBAT in presence (or not) of Joncryl. The effects of the reactive agent on the shear and elongation rheology, morphological, and interfacial properties of the blends were systematically investigated. A decrease of the interfacial tension has been also demonstrated according to the deformed drop retraction method (DDRM). Hence, the role of Joncryl as a compatibilizer was highlighted. Consequently, finer morphology of the dispersed phase was obtained. Furthermore, the impact of the two modification routes on the blown film extrusion ability of PLA has been studied. Based on the improved shear and elongational rheological properties, a great enlargement of the blowing processing window of PLA modified with Joncryl was demonstrated. Indeed, with the addition of Joncryl into PLA–PBAT blends, a reduction of the instability defects has been detected. Finally, the induced crystalline structure and the thermo-mechanical properties of blown films were shown to be improved.
Urban Growth Simulation of Atakum (Samsun, Turkey) Using Cellular Automata-Markov Chain and Multi-Layer Perceptron-Markov Chain Models
Authors: Ozturk Derya
Published: May 2015

In this study, urban growth of the Atakum District in Samsun, Turkey, was simulated by Cellular Automata-Markov Chain (CA-MC) and Multi-layer Perceptron-Markov Chain (MLP-MC) hybrid models in a geographical information system (GIS) environment. Historical land use/land cover (LU/LC) data were extracted from 1989, 2000 and 2013 Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI images. Using the LU/LC data for the years 1989 and 2000, the urban growth for 2013 was simulated using the CA-MC and MLP-MC models. The simulation results were compared with the 2013 LU/LC data to assess the validity of the simulation. The MLP-MC method provided the best results according to the validation based on the kappa index of agreement. Based on this result, the urban growth for the year 2025 was simulated using MLP-MC. The simulation estimated an urban growth rate of 35.2% between 2013 and 2025, an increase in the area of artificial surfaces from 1681.9 ha to 2274.3 ha and the destruction of 511.7 ha of agricultural land and 4.4 ha of forest. The results of this study demonstrate that the urban growth models provide a better understanding of the current patterns and temporal dynamics and can predict future changes according to past and current dynamics. The results also show that simulations are most accurate when using a model that best conforms to the changes in the given study area.
MODIS EVI and LST Temporal Response for Discrimination of Tropical Land Covers
Authors: Phompila Chittana , Lewis Megan , Ostendorf Bertram , Clarke Kenneth
Published: May 2015

MODIS enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and land surface temperature (LST) are key indicators for monitoring vegetation cover changes in broad ecosystems. However, there has been little evaluation of these indices for detecting changes in a range of land covers in tropical regions. In this study, we investigated the characteristics and seasonal responses of LST and EVI for four different land covers in Lao tropical forests: native forest, rubber plantation, mixed wooded/cleared areas and agriculture. We calculated long-term averages of MODIS LST and EVI 16-day time series and compared their monthly transitions over the seven-year period from 2006 to 2012. We also tested whether these indices can be used to classify these four land covers. The findings demonstrate the complex interrelationship of LST and EVI and their monthly transitions for different land covers: they each showed distinctly different intra-annual LST and EVI variations. Native forests have the highest EVI, and the lowest LST throughout the year. In contrast, agricultural areas with little or no vegetation cover have the highest LST. The transition of LST/EVI for the land covers other than native forests showed marked seasonality. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) showed that there was high overall accuracy of separation of land covers by these indices (86%). The encouraging results indicate that the combined use of MODIS LST and EVI holds promise for improving monitoring of changes in a Lao tropical forest.
Gait Measurement System for the Multi-Target Stepping Task Using a Laser Range Sensor
Authors: Yorozu Ayanori , Nishiguchi Shu , Yamada Minoru , Aoyama Tomoki , Moriguchi Toshiki , Takahashi Masaki
Published: May 2015

For the prevention of falling in the elderly, gait training has been proposed using tasks such as the multi-target stepping task (MTST), in which participants step on assigned colored targets. This study presents a gait measurement system using a laser range sensor for the MTST to evaluate the risk of falling. The system tracks both legs and measures general walking parameters such as stride length and walking speed. Additionally, it judges whether the participant steps on the assigned colored targets and detects cross steps to evaluate cognitive function. However, situations in which one leg is hidden from the sensor or the legs are close occur and are likely to lead to losing track of the legs or false tracking. To solve these problems, we propose a novel leg detection method with five observed leg patterns and global nearest neighbor-based data association with a variable validation region based on the state of each leg. In addition, methods to judge target steps and detect cross steps based on leg trajectory are proposed. From the experimental results with the elderly, it is confirmed that the proposed system can improve leg-tracking performance, judge target steps and detect cross steps with high accuracy.
Afocal Optical Flow Sensor for Reducing Vertical Height Sensitivity in Indoor Robot Localization and Navigation
Authors: Yi Dong-Hoon , Lee Tae-Jae , Cho Dong-Il
Published: May 2015

This paper introduces a novel afocal optical flow sensor (OFS) system for odometry estimation in indoor robotic navigation. The OFS used in computer optical mouse has been adopted for mobile robots because it is not affected by wheel slippage. Vertical height variance is thought to be a dominant factor in systematic error when estimating moving distances in mobile robots driving on uneven surfaces. We propose an approach to mitigate this error by using an afocal (infinite effective focal length) system. We conducted experiments in a linear guide on carpet and three other materials with varying sensor heights from 30 to 50 mm and a moving distance of 80 cm. The same experiments were repeated 10 times. For the proposed afocal OFS module, a 1 mm change in sensor height induces a 0.1% systematic error; for comparison, the error for a conventional fixed-focal-length OFS module is 14.7%. Finally, the proposed afocal OFS module was installed on a mobile robot and tested 10 times on a carpet for distances of 1 m. The average distance estimation error and standard deviation are 0.02% and 17.6%, respectively, whereas those for a conventional OFS module are 4.09% and 25.7%, respectively.
An Adaptive Compensation Algorithm for Temperature Drift of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems Gyroscopes Using a Strong Tracking Kalman Filter
Authors: Feng Yibo , Li Xisheng , Zhang Xiaojuan
Published: May 2015

We present an adaptive algorithm for a system integrated with micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) gyroscopes and a compass to eliminate the influence from the environment, compensate the temperature drift precisely, and improve the accuracy of the MEMS gyroscope. We use a simplified drift model and changing but appropriate model parameters to implement this algorithm. The model of MEMS gyroscope temperature drift is constructed mostly on the basis of the temperature sensitivity of the gyroscope. As the state variables of a strong tracking Kalman filter (STKF), the parameters of the temperature drift model can be calculated to adapt to the environment under the support of the compass. These parameters change intelligently with the environment to maintain the precision of the MEMS gyroscope in the changing temperature. The heading error is less than 0.6° in the static temperature experiment, and also is kept in the range from 5° to −2° in the dynamic outdoor experiment. This demonstrates that the proposed algorithm exhibits strong adaptability to a changing temperature, and performs significantly better than KF and MLR to compensate the temperature drift of a gyroscope and eliminate the influence of temperature variation.
Conflicts in Everyday Life: The Influence of Competing Goals on Domestic Energy Conservation
Authors: Selvefors Anneli , Karlsson I. , Rahe Ulrike
Published: May 2015

A common approach for understanding people’s domestic energy behavior is to study the influence of deterministic factors, such as attitudes, norms and knowledge, on behavior. However, few studies have succeeded in fully explaining people’s behavior based on these factors alone. To further the understanding of people’s everyday energy use, a goal-oriented approach based on activity theory has been applied to discuss energy conservation from a multiple goal perspective based on the findings from an interview study with 42 informants. The findings show that the informants used energy to fulfill goals linked to basic needs or desires related to their well-being. Even though the majority of informants had an explicit goal to reduce their energy consumption, many experienced conflicts with other competing goals, which often made energy conservation undesirable or challenging. The findings suggest that actions to reduce energy use will most often not be prioritized if they cannot be integrated into people’s daily life without jeopardizing their possibilities to achieve their primary goals and satisfy their everyday needs. It is thus vital to consider people’s everyday life and the many conflicts they experience when aiming to understand why people do, or do not, prioritize energy conservation during everyday activities.
A Novel Iminosugar UV-12 with Activity against the Diverse Viruses Influenza and Dengue (Novel Iminosugar Antiviral for Influenza and Dengue)
Authors: Warfield Kelly , Plummer Emily , Alonzi Dominic , Wolfe Gary , Sampath Aruna , Nguyen Tam , Butters Terry , Enterlein Sven , Stavale Eric , Shresta Sujan , Ramstedt Urban
Published: May 2015

Iminosugars are capable of targeting the life cycles of multiple viruses by blocking host endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidase enzymes that are required for competent replication of a variety of enveloped, glycosylated viruses. Iminosugars as a class are approved for use in humans with diseases such as diabetes and Gaucher’s disease, providing evidence for safety of this class of compounds. The in vitro antiviral activity of iminosugars has been described in several publications with a subset of these demonstrating in vivo activity against flaviviruses, herpesviruses, retroviruses and filoviruses. Although there is compelling non-clinical in vivo evidence of antiviral efficacy, the efficacy of iminosugars as antivirals has yet to be demonstrated in humans. In the current study, we report a novel iminosugar, UV-12, which has efficacy against dengue and influenza in mouse models. UV-12 exhibits drug-like properties including oral bioavailability and good safety profile in mice and guinea pigs. UV-12 is an example of an iminosugar with activity against multiple virus families that should be investigated in further safety and efficacy studies and demonstrates potential value of this drug class as antiviral therapeutics.
Impact of Adenovirus E4-ORF3 Oligomerization and Protein Localization on Cellular Gene Expression
Authors: Vink Elizabeth , Zheng Yueting , Yeasmin Rukhsana , Stamminger Thomas , Krug Laurie , Hearing Patrick
Published: May 2015

The Adenovirus E4-ORF3 protein facilitates virus replication through the relocalization of cellular proteins into nuclear inclusions termed tracks. This sequestration event disrupts antiviral properties associated with target proteins. Relocalization of Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 proteins prevents the DNA damage response from inhibiting Ad replication. Relocalization of PML and Daxx impedes the interferon-mediated antiviral response. Several E4-ORF3 targets regulate gene expression, linking E4-ORF3 to transcriptional control. Furthermore, E4-ORF3 was shown to promote the formation of heterochromatin, down-regulating p53-dependent gene expression. Here, we characterize how E4-ORF3 alters cellular gene expression. Using an inducible, E4-ORF3-expressing cell line, we performed microarray experiments to highlight cellular gene expression changes influenced by E4-ORF3 expression, identifying over four hundred target genes. Enrichment analysis of these genes suggests that E4-ORF3 influences factors involved in signal transduction and cellular defense, among others. The expression of mutant E4-ORF3 proteins revealed that nuclear track formation is necessary to induce these expression changes. Through the generation of knockdown cells, we demonstrate that the observed expression changes may be independent of Daxx and TRIM33 suggesting that an additional factor(s) may be responsible. The ability of E4-ORF3 to manipulate cellular gene expression through the sequestration of cellular proteins implicates a novel role for E4-ORF3 in transcriptional regulation.
A Heuristic Dynamically Dimensioned Search with Sensitivity Information (HDDS-S) and Application to River Basin Management
Authors: Chu Jinggang , Peng Yong , Ding Wei , Li Yu
Published: May 2015

River basin simulation and multi-reservoir optimal operation have been critical for river basin management. Due to the intense interaction between human activities and river basin systems, the river basin model and multi-reservoir operation model are complicated with a large number of parameters. Therefore, fast and stable optimization algorithms are required for river basin management under the changing conditions of climate and current human activities. This study presents a new global optimization algorithm, named as heuristic dynamically dimensioned search with sensitivity information (HDDS-S), to effectively perform river basin simulation and multi-reservoir optimal operation during river basin management. The HDDS-S algorithm is built on the dynamically dimensioned search (DDS) algorithm; and has an improved computational efficiency while maintaining its search capacity compared to the original DDS algorithm. This is mainly due to the non-uniform probability assigned to each decision variable on the basis of its changing sensitivity to the optimization objectives during the adaptive change from global to local search with dimensionality reduced. This study evaluates the new algorithm by comparing its performance with the DDS algorithm on a river basin model calibration problem and a multi-reservoir optimal operation problem. The results obtained indicate that the HDDS-S algorithm outperforms the DDS algorithm in terms of search ability and computational efficiency in the two specific problems. In addition; similar to the DDS algorithm; the HDDS-S algorithm is easy to use as it does not require any parameter tuning and automatically adjusts its search to find good solutions given an available computational budget.
Regulation of integrin and growth factor signaling in biomaterials for osteodifferentiation
Authors: Wei Qiang , Pohl Theresa L M , Seckinger Anja , Spatz Joachim P , Cavalcanti-Adam Elisabetta A
Published: May 2015

Stem cells respond to the microenvironment (niche) they are located in. Under natural conditions, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is the essential component the in stem cell niche, in which both integrin ligands and growth factors are important regulators to directly or indirectly modulate the cell behavior. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the potential of integrin ligands and growth factors to induce osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, and discuss the signaling pathways that are initiated by both individual and cooperative parameters. The joint effect of integrin ligands and growth factors is highlighted as the multivalent interactions for bone therapy.
Orthogonal dual-modification of proteins for the engineering of multivalent protein scaffolds
Authors: Mühlberg Michaela , Hoesl Michael G , Kuehne Christian , Dernedde Jens , Budisa Nediljko , Hackenberger Christian P R
Published: May 2015

To add new tools to the repertoire of protein-based multivalent scaffold design, we have developed a novel dual-labeling strategy for proteins that combines residue-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids with chemical oxidative aldehyde formation at the N-terminus of a protein. Our approach relies on the selective introduction of two different functional moieties in a protein by mutually orthogonal copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) and oxime ligation. This method was applied to the conjugation of biotin and β-linked galactose residues to yield an enzymatically active thermophilic lipase, which revealed specific binding to Erythrina cristagalli lectin by SPR binding studies.
Influence of supplementary cementitious materials on water transport kinetics and mechanical properties of hydrated lime and cement mortars
Authors: Ince C. , Derogar S. , Michelitsch T. M.
Published: May 2015

The purpose of this paper is an investigation of the possible role of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) on water transport kinetics and mechanical properties of hydrated lime (CL90) and Portland cement (PC) mortars. The properties of hydrated lime are significantly different from those of cement and therefore modifying fresh and hardened properties of these mortars are vital for mortar/substrate optimisation in masonry construction. The parameters investigated in this paper often are the main barriers to the use of hydrated lime in construction practice. The results show that transfer sorptivity and time to dewater freshly-mixed hydrated lime mortars can be modified when binder is partially replaced with SCMs. Compressive strength of CL90 mortars is increased systematically with the increased replacement levels of SCMs and the results are supported with the microstructural images. The ability to modify the water transport kinetics and mechanical properties allows compatibility between the mortar and the substrate unit in masonry construction.
Towards Intelligent Requirements
Authors: Brown Robert B.K. , Piper Angela M.E. , Piper Ian C.
Published: May 2015

IT Projects remain challenging to design and build despite improvements and efficiencies in the detailed-design and construction phases. Extended effort in early requirements gathering and analysis phases are unpopular at present, though poor requirements still impacts on IT project success. Intelligent tools may enhance these early phases but abstraction of the qualitative and wicked nature of Information Systems design problems (difficult enough for inexperienced humans) resists automation. An approach that moves from the concrete ‘known' towards the abstract unknown in a prescriptive manner may be of use. This paper presents and offers the ATSA:OO methodology as a candidate for consideration as such an approach.
Multi-Level Search Space Reduction Framework for Face Image Database
Authors: Hemalatha C. Sweetlin , Vaidehi V. , Nithya K. , Fathima A. Annis , Visalakshi M. , Saranya M.
Published: May 2015

In face recognition, searching and retrieval of relevant images from a large database form a major task. Recognition time is greatly related to the dimensionality of the original data and the number of training samples. This demands the selection of discriminant features that produce similar results as the entire set and a reduced search space. To address this issue, a Multi-Level Search Space Reduction framework for large scale face image database is proposed. The proposed approach identifies discriminating features and groups face images sharing similar properties using feature-weighted Fuzzy C-Means approach. A hierarchical tree model is then constructed inside every cluster based on the discriminating features which enables a branch based selection, thereby reducing the search space. The proposed framework is tested on three benchmark and two self-created databases. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieved an average accuracy of 93% and an average search time reduction of 66% compared to existing approaches for search space reduction of face recognition.
IT Governance Framework Applied to SMEs
Authors: Bergeron François , Croteau Anne-Marie , Uwizeyemungu Sylvestre , Raymond Louis
Published: May 2015

The need to effectively manage IT resources such that they enhance the business value of firms makes IT governance (ITG) an important issue for both IS researchers and practitioners. The purpose of this paper is to build a conceptual framework for ITG in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The authors first analyze the main theories applied in ITG research, and confront them with the specificities of SMEs. The authors then highlight the limits of those theories in SMEs context and discuss adaptations needed or alternative theories in such context. The resulting framework is then applied to generate a set of six research propositions on ITG in SMEs.
Organizational Structure vs. Capabilities
Authors: Wiedemann Anna , Weeger Andy , Gewald Heiko
Published: May 2015

IT managers are under constant pressure to deliver high quality IT services at low cost to their internal customers. Although this task seems to be virtually impossible it is the daily life of many IT professionals and as such of high practical importance. However, research on IT service delivery (ITSD) is rare and little analysis is devoted to the question how organizational settings and specific capabilities impact the performance of ITSD. Addressing this gap, this paper identifies critical success factors for ITSD management. A research framework was developed and tested using a multiple case study approach. The analysis was conducted using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). Findings show that a central organizational unit responsible for service delivery (a so called “retained organization”) is not necessarily a condition for high performing ITSD. Outstanding performance was only found in firms where adequate organizational structures are in place and ITSD-specific competencies like knowledge integration and measurement capabilities were cultivated.
Method to Reduce Complexity and Response Time in a Web Search
Authors: Romagnano María R. , Aciar Silvana V. , Marchetta Martín G.
Published: May 2015

Living in times of technological changes that alter our daily activities, involving tasks such as reading the newspaper, following the weather, scheduling a trip, are usually executed after perusal of the gigantic repository of information, commonly known as the World Wide Web. However some problems are still associated with the information found in such a vast amount of information: heterogeneity, availability, distribution, quality and quantity of irrelevant information. Recent work has suggested different ways of grouping similar information sources, trying to give solutions to these problems. However, some domains are more complex than others. For example, a person looking for tourist information, is generally overwhelmed by visiting various websites. This paper proposes the implementation of a method to retrieve and group web information sources, depending on the services they offer; thereby allowing the user to get accurate answers; thus reducing the time and complexity in the search.
Charting Highly Productive Organization
Authors: Mupepi Mambo Governor , Mupepi Sylvia C.
Published: May 2015

The discourse presented in this paper is about an alternative change management technique hinged on pragmatic social construction ontology purposefully designed to champion productivity. All companies are designed and upshot specific goals. In those entities, talented individuals can be hired to play exact roles in the production of goods and services valued by customers. In addition they can collaborate to enhance explicit understanding critical in triumphant businesses. Data available show that corporations that prioritize activities by re-engineering the division of labor yield increased outputs. Winning in competition imply re-aligning capability abilities where technology and the operational rules are constantly evolving. Productivity can be enhanced by juxtaposing experts with technology to create goods and services appreciated by customers the most.
Taguchi Based Optimization for Micro Hardness of Cold Spray Coating Process
Authors: Goyal Tarun , Sidhu T.S. , Walia R.S.
Published: May 2015

In this paper, low pressure cold spray process has been employed to produce coatings on three different substrates. The experiments have been designed using Taguchi L 18 array where the input parameters have been selected as the type of feed arrangement, substrate material, stagnation temperature, stagnation pressure of the compressed gas and stand-off distance. The effect of these key parameters on raw data and Signal to Noise (S/N) ratio for micro hardness of low pressure cold spray process has been studied. The coatings were successfully developed on the substrates and the micro hardness of the so produced coatings has been measured. The results show that a high value of micro hardness can be obtained by selecting the input parameters which increases the impact velocity of the striking particles. These high velocity impacting particles produces a peening effect to already attached powder particles thereby increasing the micro hardness of obtained coatings. It is seen that the significant process parameters are type of powder feeding arrangement, substrate material, stand-off distance stagnation pressure of carrier gas and stagnation temperature of the carrier gas.
Linking Web Design Strategy with Business Strategy
Authors: Kung Kao-Hui , Hung Wei-Hsi , Wu Chuan-Chun , Liao Chun-Chia
Published: May 2015

Given the modern trend toward the Internet, firms can now use web sites to achieve marketing and advertising effectiveness for their businesses. This usage creates a new model of marketing strategy. Experts in the field have indicated that links between marketing and competitive strategies are critical to organisational performance and business success. However, empirical studies conducted in various countries have shown that the web designs are misaligned with organizational strategic objectives. In this study, the authors view web sites as marketing applications, and investigate how corporate sites effectively support three types of business strategy: the prospector, analyser, and defender strategies. The authors conducted a series of in-depth interviews with web site designers and established design techniques through grounded theory approach to indicate how particular web sites support a specific type of business strategy. They also established the relationship between web design strategies and business strategies, which should help practitioners improve the strategic positioning of their web sites.
E-Commerce
Authors: Meira Daniela , Magalhães Luís , Pereira Francisco , Peres Emanuel
Published: May 2015

Despite being a recent phenomenon and being in constant evolution, e-commerce (EC) is already embedded in current society. However, difficulties in establishing a universally accepted definition have resulted in a multiplicity of meanings that sometimes merge with the e-business (EB) concept. This article presents a brief historical and conceptual evolution of EC and some of its most significant aspects.
Association of Common Variations on Chromosome 4q25 and Left Atrial Volume in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Mints Yuliya , Yarmohammadi Hirad , Khurram Irfan M. , Hoyt Hana , Hansford Rozann , Zimmerman Stefan L. , Steinberg Steven J. , Judge Daniel P. , Tomaselli Gordon F. , Calkins Hugh , Zipunnikov Vadim , Nazarian Saman
Published: May 2015

Aims

Recent studies have shown that several genetic variants near the PITX2 locus on chromosome 4q25 are associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the mechanism that mediates this association remains unclear. Basic murine studies suggest that reduced PITX2 expression is associated with left atrial dilatation. We sought to examine the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near PITX2 and left atrial size in patients with AF.

Methods

We prospectively enrolled 96 consecutive patients (mean age 60 ± 10 years, 72% male) with drug-resistant AF (57% paroxysmal, 38% persistent, and 5% long-standing persistent) who underwent catheter ablation. Following DNA extraction from blood obtained pre-operatively, SNPs rs10033464 and rs2200733 were genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY. Left atrial volume (LAV) was determined using three-dimensional imaging (CT or MRI prior to first ablation) and by investigators blinded to genotype results.

Results

The minor allele frequencies at SNPs rs10033464 and rs2200733 were 0.14 and 0.25, respectively. Using multivariable linear regression, homozygosity for the minor allele at rs10033464 (recessive model) was independently associated with larger LAV ( P = 0.002) after adjustment for age, gender, BMI, height, type, and duration of AF, left ventricular ejection fraction, history of hypertension, valve disease, and antiarrhythmic drug use. The strength of the association was reconfirmed in a bootstrap study with 1000 resamplings. In contrast, no association was found between rs2200733 variant alleles and LAV.

Conclusion

SNP rs10033464 near the PITX2 locus on 4q25 is associated with LAV. Left atrial dilatation may mediate the association of common variants at 4q25 with AF.