bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meaning and Mind from the Perspective of Dualist versus Relational Worldviews: Implications for the Development of Pointing Gestures
Authors: Carpendale Jeremy I.M. , Atwood Sherrie , Kettner Viktoria
Published: February 2014

Worldviews consist of preconceptions about the nature of mind, knowledge, and meaning, and these assumptions influence theorizing about human development and the interpretation of research. We outline two contrasting worldviews - dualist versus relational - and explicate the implications of such preconceptions for studying the development of pointing gestures. Pointing is a pivotal social skill that is an aspect of social understanding, as well as a foundational form of interaction for language. In studying the development of pointing it is possible to observe how infants develop the social skills required to convey meaning in human ways. Thus, this is an area in which to examine the nature and development of meaning, and an adequate conception of meaning is necessary for theories of language and cognition. We argue that dualist approaches have problems that can be avoided by adopting a relational worldview and the relational developmental systems framework that follows from it, which we suggest is a fruitful approach to theorizing about human development.
In vivo Confocal Microscopy Features of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Alarcon Ivette , Carrera Cristina , Puig Susana , Malvehy Josep
Published: February 2014

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is widely distributed, Spain being a hypoendemic region. Noninvasive bedside detection of the histopathologic response to the intracellular organism that allows rapid diagnosis and prompt therapy could be the ideal tool to manage a commonly self-healing lesion. Confocal microscopy is a technique which allows in vivo examination of the skin at cellular resolution. Methods: We describe the in vivo confocal microscopic features of cutaneous leishmaniasis, finding a correlation with dermoscopy and histopathology. Conclusions and Relevance: This case illustrates the capability of confocal microscopy to characterize the cutaneous infection by Leishmania organisms and to perform a noninvasive diagnosis.
Urgent Consultations at the Dermatology Department of Basel University Hospital, Switzerland: Characterisation of Patients and Setting - A 12-Month Study with 2,222 Patients Data and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ruzza N. , Itin P.H. , Beltraminelli H.
Published: February 2014

Background: Urgent consultations for skin disorders are commonly done in different settings. Scarce data exist about the characteristics of these patients. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse specific characteristics of patients receiving an urgent consultation at a dermatology department in a university hospital. Methods: We prospectively recorded the data of all patients having had an urgent consultation during a period of 12 months. Results: We registered 2,222 urgent consultations. The most frequent diagnoses were eczemas (24.8%), dermatomycoses (5.1%) and dermatitis not otherwise specified (4.8%). The most frequent treatments were topical steroids, emollients, topical antibiotics, systemic antihistamines, antibiotics and virostatics. 2.2% of patients were hospitalized, 78.8% asked for a consultation for a disease lasting less than 4 weeks, and 6.9% presented the same day as the skin disease appeared. Conclusions: This study shows the characteristics of patients receiving an urgent dermatologic consultation. It underlines the need for collaboration between dermatologists, other physicians, general practitioners and nurses.
Vascular Pathology in the Extracranial Vertebral Arteries in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Bentsen L. , Nygård A. , Ovesen C. , Christensen A. , Rosenbaum S. , Havsteen I. , Christensen H.
Published: February 2014

Introduction: Vascular pathology in the extracranial vertebral arteries remains among the possible causes in cryptogenic stroke. However, the diagnosis is challenged by the great variety in the anatomy of the vertebral arteries, clinical symptoms and difficulties in the radiological assessments. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of CT angiography (CTA)-detected pathological findings in the extracranial vertebral arteries in an acute stroke population and secondly to determine the frequency of posterior pathology as probable cause in patients with otherwise cryptogenic stroke. Method: The analysis was based on 657 consecutive patients with symptoms of acute stroke and a final diagnosis of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. On admission, a noncontrast CT cerebrum and CTA were performed. A senior consultant neuroradiologist, blinded to clinical data, reviewed all CTA scans systematically, assessing the four segments of the extracranial vertebral arteries. First, the frequency of pathological findings including stenosis, plaques, dissection, kinked artery and coiling was assessed. Subsequently, we explored the extent of the pathological findings that were the most plausible causes of stroke, namely either a possible dissection or a kinked artery. Results: Findings in the extracranial vertebral arteries included significant stenosis (0.8%), atherosclerotic plaque types (3.8%), possible dissections (2.6%), kinked arteries (2.6%) and coiling (32.0%). Eighteen patients (2.8%) with pathological findings had an unknown cause of stroke, likely posterior symptoms and no clinical stroke symptoms from the anterior circuit. Of these, 3 cases were kinked arteries (0.5%) and 15 cases (2.3%) were possible dissections. Conclusion: We found that in approximately 3% of the study population, the most plausible cause of the cryptogenic strokes was due to a pathological finding in the posterior extracranial vertebral arteries, being either a possible dissection or a kinked artery. In general, posterior vascular pathology is not uncommon, and CTA is a useful modality in the detection of changes based on characteristics and locations of findings in the extracranial vertebral arteries. Ultrasound examination can be a useful supplementary tool in deciding the consequence of vascular findings on CTA.
Different Ratios of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Chondrocytes Used in Tissue-Engineered Cartilage and Its Application for Human Ear-Shaped Substitutes in vitro
Authors: Kang Ning , Liu Xia , Yan Li , Wang Qian , Cao Yilin , Xiao Ran
Published: February 2014

The application of chondrocyte-based cartilage tissue engineering is limited because of the lack of autologous cartilage sources and chondrocyte dedifferentiation after in vitro expansion. Coculture of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and chondrocytes has been a promising strategy for cartilage engineering as chondrocytes can provide a chondrogenic environment for BMSCs. However, there are no systematic comparison studies for engineered cartilage constructed using different mixing ratios of BMSCs and chondrocytes, and the most effective mixing ratio with the lowest number of chondrocytes is unknown. Here, we set a gradient of mixing ratios of BMSCs to chondrocytes for an in vitro coculture system and compared the shape retention and quality of the engineered cartilage using macroscopic and histological assays, glycosaminoglycan content assessment and immunohistochemical staining of type II collagen, biomechanical evaluation and hypertrophy-related gene expression analysis. The results showed that at least 30% chondrocytes were required to generate cartilage tissue with satisfactory shape and quality. Therefore, we preliminarily assessed the feasibility of engineering a human ear-shaped substitute using a coculture system with a 7:3 ratio of BMSCs to chondrocytes. After 8 weeks of in vitro culture, the precise architecture of the human ear-shaped construct was well maintained with the typical cartilaginous composition confirmed by histological assays.
Epidemiology of Colorectal Adenomas and Histopathological Assessment of Endoscopic Specimens in the Colorectum
Authors: Munding Johanna , Tannapfel Andrea
Published: February 2014

Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequently observed neoplasms in the world. It develops from intraepithelial neoplasia of the colorectal mucosa, and these precursor lesions are also known as adenoma. As the precursor lesion is known and can be detected easily, efficient screening strategies are available for a reliable prevention of colorectal adenocarcinoma, e.g. by colonoscopy. Methods: Literature databases (PubMed) were searched selectively for the keywords ‘colorectal adenoma', ‘epidemiology', and ‘resection techniques'. The results are presented in the following text, also taking into account our own experience and the current S3 guidelines. Results: Endoscopic resection samples are one of the specimens most frequently assessed by pathologists. Therefore, gastroenterologists expect standardized and well-structured pathology reports, stating relevant information concerning the removed lesions and recommendations for clinical management. These aspects are summarized in the evidence-based S3 guideline. Conclusion: As a consequence of colorectal adenoma resection during screening procedures, the carcinoma incidence is decreasing. For further advancements in successful prevention, knowledge of different precursor lesions (conventional adenoma, serrated adenoma) is important, but also structured communication between the different disciplines engaged in colorectal cancer screening.
Who Needs Follow-Up after Endoscopic Resection of Colorectal Adenomas?
Authors: Belle Sebastian
Published: February 2014

Background: Surveillance colonoscopy after endoscopic resection of colorectal adenomas is a crucial step in the concept of colorectal cancer screening. After identifying the patients at risk with screening and resection of adenomas, there has to be a tailored surveillance. Surveillance colonoscopy should detect recurrent and metachronal adenomas at a stage where they can be removed endoscopically. In the following, the criteria for a risk-adapted surveillance interval are presented. Methods: A literature review based on American, European, and German guidelines for surveillance after polypectomy and the German guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of ulcerative colitis, as well as a selective literature search into hereditary colorectal cancer were performed. Results: State of the art surveillance after endoscopic resection of colorectal adenomas is based on a focused anamnesis and the index colonoscopy. On the basis of existing guidelines, a risk-adapted surveillance strategy can be implemented. Conclusions: Adherence to surveillance guidelines is a basic part of colorectal cancer screening and should be the starting point for further research.
Factors to Make the VIPS Practice Model More Effective in the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Nursing Home Residents with Dementia
Authors: Rosvik Janne , Engedal Knut , Kirkevold Øyvind
Published: February 2014

Background/Aims: A recent cluster-randomized controlled study showed that the VIPS practice model (VPM) for person-centred care had a significant effect on neuropsychiatric symptoms in nursing home residents with dementia. The randomized controlled trial (RCT) indicated that a substantial proportion of the total variance of the effects was related to conditions in the particular unit (ward). We have explored which factors explain the variance of the effect of the VPM. Methods: The VPM subset of data from the RCT was explored using multilevel linear regression. The dependent variables were the change in scores on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) and the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD). Results: The unit in which the resident was living explained 22% of the VPM's total variance of the effect on the NPI-Q and 13% of that on the CSDD. The intraclass correlation coefficient at the unit level was explained mainly by unit size on both scales and was considerably higher than at the institutional level. Conclusion: The unit is the most influential level when implementing person-centred dementia care by use of the VPM. The unit size explains most of the variance of the effect of the VPM, and the effects were best in the small units.
Prevalence and Related Risk Factors of Albuminuria in Korean Adults: The 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Nam Ga Eun , Han Kyungdo , Park Yong Gyu , Kim Yang Hyun , Han Byoungduck , Kim Seon Mee , Choi Youn Seon , Cho Kyung Hwan , Lee Kyung Shik , Kim Do Hoon
Published: February 2014

Background/Aims: Albuminuria is known to be associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality even in the general population. We aimed at investigating the prevalence and related risk factors of albuminuria among Korean adults. Methods: This study was based on data collected during the 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 5,365 Korean adults were included in the general population group, and 3,282 of these participants were included in the nondiabetic, nonhypertensive population group. Albuminuria was defined by a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio value within the range of 3.4-34 mg/mmol (30-300 µg/mg). Results: The overall prevalence of albuminuria was 5.2% of the general population and 2.1% of the nondiabetic, nonhypertensive population. Factors associated with the risk of albuminuria in the general population were age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level in men, and SBP and HbA1c level in women. In the nondiabetic, nonhypertensive population, age and fasting plasma glucose levels were significantly associated with an increased risk for albuminuria in men, and with central obesity, triglyceride level and smoking status in women. Conclusion: Albuminuria is prevalent in the nondiabetic, nonhypertensive population as well as general population of Korea. The increased risk of albuminuria was independently associated with several cardiovascular risk factors in the general population, and also in the nondiabetic, nonhypertensive population.
Cinacalcet Induces Apoptosis in Parathyroid Cells in Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: Histological and Cytological Analyses
Authors: Tatsumi Ryoko , Komaba Hirotaka , Kanai Genta , Miyakogawa Takayo , Sawada Kaichiro , Kakuta Takatoshi , Fukagawa Masafumi
Published: February 2014

Background/Aims: Previous studies reported a reduction in parathyroid gland volume during treatment with cinacalcet in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). However, it remains to be determined whether cinacalcet accelerates apoptosis of hyperplastic parathyroid cells in these patients. Methods: The study subjects were 16 hemodialysis patients who had undergone parathyroidectomy for severe SHPT. We compared the expression of the apoptotic marker TUNEL and the proliferative marker Ki67 by immunohistochemistry and the expression of CYP27B1 by quantitative real-time PCR in hyperplastic parathyroid glands from patients treated with cinacalcet (cinacalcet group; n = 8) and those not treated with cinacalcet (non-cinacalcet group; n = 8). We also examined the effect of cinacalcet on parathyroid cell death in in vitro cell culture with TUNEL staining, using parathyroid cells from SHPT patients. Results: Compared with the non-cinacalcet group, the expression of TUNEL was significantly increased but was accompanied with significantly increased Ki67 expression in the parathyroid glands from the cinacalcet group. In vitro examination showed dose- and time-dependent increases of apoptotic cells by adding cinacalcet into culture medium. We also found that the expression of CYP27B1 showed a three-fold increase in glands from the cinacalcet group compared to that of the non-cinacalcet group. Conclusion: Our data suggest that cinacalcet induces apoptosis of human parathyroid cells, but this effect may be overcome by more aggressive proliferation of parathyroid cells in patients with severe, cinacalcet-resistant SHPT.
Association of Fatty Liver Disease with Nonfatal Cardiovascular Events in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Lai Yu-Cheng , Cheng Ben-Chung , Hwang Jyh-Chang , Lee Yueh-Ting , Chiu Chien-Hua , Kuo Li-Chueh , Chen Jin-Bor
Published: February 2014

Background/Aims: The prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) disease in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD) is reportedly higher than that in healthy individuals. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether ultrasonographically documented fatty liver disease (FLD) is an independent risk factor for nonfatal CV events in patients undergoing HD. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a medical center in southern Taiwan. The medical records of 490 patients undergoing HD who were enrolled between July 1998 and October 2012 were screened. Finally, 278 patients who had undergone hepatic ultrasonography and had available data were recruited in the present study. The patients included 130 men and 148 women; their mean age was 59.9 years. The primary endpoint was nonfatal CV events in the observation period. The comparable data included epidemiological, hematological, and biochemical profiles. A time-dependent statistical method was used to analyze the associated factors. Results: The prevalence of nonfatal CV events was significantly increased in the patients with FLD compared with those without FLD (CV events: 32 vs. 18%, respectively; p = 0.008). After adjusting for associated risk factors (sex, age, body mass index, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and Kt/V), multivariate analyses identified FLD (CV events: hazard ratio 2.84, 95% confidence interval 1.52-5.28, p = 0.001), advanced age, and diabetes to be independently associated with nonfatal CV events. Conclusion: The study suggests that FLD was an independent risk factor for nonfatal CV events in patients undergoing maintenance HD.
The Genetics of Disorders of Sex Development in Humans
Authors: Ohnesorg Thomas , Vilain Eric , Sinclair Andrew H.
Published: February 2014

One of the defining events during human embryonic development with the most far-reaching effects for the individual is whether the embryo develops as male or female. The crucial step in this process is the differentiation of the bipotential embryonic gonads into either testes or ovaries. If the embryo inherits X and Y sex chromosomes, the Y-linked SRY (sex determining region in Y) gene initiates a network of genes that results in a functional testis and ultimately a male phenotype. By contrast, in an embryo with 2 X chromosomes, the undifferentiated gonad develops as an ovary resulting in a female phenotype. Perturbation of any of the genes in either the testicular or ovarian developmental pathway can result in individuals with disorders of sex development. In this review, we provide a summary of known components of testicular or ovarian pathways and their antagonistic actions and give a brief overview of new technologies currently used to identify the missing pieces of the sex development network.
The M1 Protein of Streptococcus pyogenes Triggers an Innate Uptake Mechanism into Polarized Human Endothelial Cells
Authors: Ochel Anja , Rohde Manfred , Chhatwal Gursharan S. , Talay Susanne R.
Published: February 2014

Serotype M1 Streptococcus pyogenes is a major human pathogen associated with severe invasive diseases causing high morbidity and mortality. In a substantial number of cases, invasive disease develops in previously healthy individuals with no obvious port of entry. This has led to the hypothesis that the source of streptococci in these cases is a transient bacteraemia. This study focuses on the analysis of interaction of tissue-invasive serotype M1 S. pyogenes with human endothelial cells (EC) of the vascular system. We identify the M1 surface protein of S. pyogenes as the EC invasin which is recognised by polarized human blood EC, thereby triggering rapid, phagocytosis-like uptake of streptococci into polarized EC layers. Upon internalization, the M1 S. pyogenes serotype is incorporated into phagosomes which traffic via the endosomal/lysosomal pathway. However, some of the streptococci successfully evade this innate killing process and hereby mediate their escape into the cytoplasm of the host cell. The results of this study demonstrate that blood EC possess an efficient uptake mechanism for serotype M1 S. pyogenes. Despite efficient phagocytosis, streptococcal survival within EC constitutes one potential mechanism which favours intracellular persistence and thus facilitates continuous infection and dissemination from the primary side of infection into deep tissue.
Physical Performance and Psychosocial Status in Lung Cancer Patients: Results from a Pilot Study
Authors: Hummler Simone , Thomas Michael , Hoffmann Belinda , Gärtner Philipp , Zoz Martin , Huber Gerhard , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Wiskemann Joachim
Published: February 2014

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the physical performance and psychosocial status of lung cancer patients. Patients and Methods: Patients with predominantly advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) were recruited. Muscle strength was assessed via hand-held dynamometry (HHD) and endurance capacity via the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and results were compared to healthy reference values. Psychosocial status, lung cancer-specific symptoms, and quality of life (QoL) outcomes were evaluated. Results: 39 patients (NSCLC n = 22, SCLC n = 17) with predominantly advanced-stage disease and a median age of 62 years (range 44-83 years) were enrolled. Compared to a healthy reference population, mean muscle strength values of upper (elbow flexion -28.2% (±17.5), elbow extension -12.4% (±11.1)) and lower (knee extension -47.6% (±19.3), hip abduction -44.9% (±14.9), hip flexion -13% (±24.2)) extremities, and 6MWT were lower (male/female: 434/411 m vs. 597/514 m). Lung cancer-specific symptoms and QoL were comparable to published data. Conclusion: Our results indicate that lung cancer patients experience muscular weakness, lower endurance performance, and decreased QoL compared to a healthy reference population. The feasibility and benefit of a structured exercise intervention in this specific population need to be evaluated, in particular its effect on psychosocial well-being.
Survey of German Non-Medical Practitioners Regarding Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Oncology
Authors: Koehl Benjamin , Muenstedt Karsten , Micke Oliver , Muecke Ralph , Buentzel Jens , Stoll Christoph , Prott Franz Josef , Dennert Gabriele , Senf Bianca , Huebner Jutta
Published: February 2014

Background: In total, 40-70% of cancer patients use complementary or alternative medicine (CAM). Many of them ask for advice from non-medical practitioners (NMPs). Our aim was to investigate the attitude of NMPs regarding their treatments for cancer patients. Methods: A survey was performed on members of NMP associations, using an online questionnaire on diagnosis and treatment, goals for using CAM, communication with the oncologist, and sources of information. Results: Of the 1,500 members of the NMP associations, 299 took part. The treatments were found to be heterogeneous. Homeopathy is used by 45% of the NMPs; 10% believe it to be a treatment directly against cancer. Herbal therapy, vitamins, orthomolecular medicine, ordinal therapy, mistletoe preparations, acupuncture, and cancer diets are used by more than 10% of the NMPs. None of the treatments is discussed with the respective physician on a regular basis. Conclusions: Many therapies provided by NMPs are biologically based and therefore may interfere with conventional cancer therapy. Thus, patients are at risk of interactions, especially as most NMPs do not adjust their therapies to those of the oncologist. Moreover, risks may arise from these CAM methods as NMPs partly believe them to be useful anticancer treatments. This may lead to the delay or even omission of effective therapies.
Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Rare Tumor at the Esophagogastric Junction and an Unexpected Durable Complete Response to FOLFOX-4
Authors: Cella Chiara A. , Carlomagno Chiara , Lordick Florian , Moretto Roberto , De Stefano Alfonso , Raimondo Lucia , D'Armiento Maria , Camera Luigi , Guadagno Elia , Attademo Laura , Feliciano Salvatore , Matano Elide
Published: February 2014

Background: Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a high-grade variant of squamous cell carcinoma usually localized in the aerodigestive tract, with a poor prognosis. Surgical resection is generally recommended, even if no standard treatment has been established yet. Case Report: Here, we report the case history of a patient diagnosed with BSCC at the esophagogastric junction who was successfully treated with chemotherapy alone, leading to a durable complete response. Conclusions: The presented case illustrates the diagnostic challenges associated with BSCC of the esophagus and reports an unexpected chemosensitivity of this histotype to the combination of a platinum salt plus 5-fluorouracil, which could represent an optimal treatment strategy in unfit patients.
Brain Dopamine Transporter Binding and Glucose Metabolism in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy-Like Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Authors: Rissanen Eero , Kaasinen Valtteri , Sonninen Pirkko , Röyttä Matias , Päivärinta Markku
Published: February 2014

Here, we present a patient with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) who developed initial symptoms mimicking progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Before the development of typical CJD symptoms, functional imaging supported a diagnosis of PSP when [123I]-FP-CIT-SPECT showed a defect in striatal dopamine transporter binding, while [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose PET showed cortical hypometabolism suggestive of Lewy body dementia. However, the postmortem neuropathological examination was indicative of CJD only, without tau protein or Lewy body findings. This case demonstrates that CJD should be taken into account in rapidly progressing atypical cases of parkinsonism, even when functional imaging supports a diagnosis of a movement disorder.
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) in Colorectal Tumors
Authors: Dumoulin Franz Ludwig , Sido Bernd , Bollmann Reinhard , Sauer Malte
Published: February 2014

Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) - initially developed for the treatment of early gastric cancer in Japan - is an attractive option for en bloc resection of larger sessile or flat colorectal neoplasia. Methods: A review of the current literature on colorectal ESD was carried out. Results: In contrast to conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), ESD for larger colorectal neoplasia yields high en bloc resection rates and very low recurrence rates. The frequency of delayed bleeding is similar for EMR and ESD. Higher perforation rates during ESD are mostly due to microperforations identified and treated during the intervention, and are therefore of minor clinical relevance. A major disadvantage of ESD is the necessity for high-level endoscopic skills and long procedure times. ESD also has the potential to replace laparoscopic surgery or transanal endoscopic microsurgery mainly due to its lower complication rates. Conclusion: ESD for the resection of larger flat or sessile colorectal lesions has potential advantages over conventional EMR or minimally invasive surgery. Due to the low incidence of early gastric cancer, experience with ESD will remain limited in Western countries. The spread of colorectal ESD will depend on adequate training opportunities and also on modifications yielding a reduction in procedure time.
Intraoperative Schnellschnittuntersuchungen parapylorischer Lymphknoten bei der pyloruserhaltenden Pankreaskopfresektion: Gibt es eine klinische Relevanz?
Authors: Riediger Hartwig , Schulz Antje , Adam Ulrich , Krüger Colin M.
Published: February 2014

Hintergrund: Die pyloruserhaltende Pankreaskopfresektion (PPPD) ist als onkologisches Standardverfahren etabliert. Lokal fortgeschrittene Tumoren können eine erweiterte Resektion erforderlich machen. Ebenso soll früheren Arbeiten zufolge bei Tumornachweis in den parapylorischen Lymphknoten (PLK) eine distale Magenresektion im Sinne einer klassischen Whipple-Operation indiziert sein. Entsprechend diesen Empfehlungen haben wir intraoperative Schnellschnittuntersuchungen der PLK in unseren Routineablauf integriert. Im Rahmen dieser Studie haben wir die klinische Relevanz dieses Vorgehens hinterfragt. Methoden: Bei 105 onkologischen Patienten im Zeitraum von 2006-2012 bestand die Indikation zur PPPD. In allen Fällen erfolgte eine intraoperative Schnellschnittuntersuchung der PLK. Die Patienten wurden bezüglich Primärtumor, Anzahl der untersuchten Lymphknoten (LK) (gesamt und parapylorisch) sowie Auswirkungen auf das operative Konzept untersucht. Es handelt sich um eine retrospektive Studie, die auf prospektiv erhobenen Daten unserer Pankreasdatenbank basiert. Ergebnisse: Die Primärtumoren waren 72 Pankreaskopfkarzinome und 33 extrapankreatische Karzinome (Gallengangskarzinom, Ampullenkarzinom, Duodenalkarzinom). 73 Patienten waren nodalpositiv. Insgesamt wurden 2391 LK untersucht, von denen 325 parapylorisch lokalisiert waren. Die intraoperative Schnellschnittuntersuchung erbrachte lediglich bei 4 Patienten mit Pankreaskopfkarzinom jeweils einen positiven PLK; daraufhin erfolgte eine distale Magenresektion. In keinem der distalen Magenresektate waren Tumorresiduen nachweisbar. Lokale chirurgisch-technische Probleme im Sinne von Durchblutungsstörungen des Magens ergaben sich durch die regionale Lymphadenektomie nicht. PLK waren nur beim Pankreaskarzinom positiv. In der Subgruppe der nodalpositiven Patienten mit Pankreaskopfkarzinom hatten 8% der Patienten einen positiven PLK. Schlussfolgerung: Die regionale parapylorische Lymphadenektomie ist beim Pankreaskarzinom in einigen (5%) Fällen onkologisch sinnvoll. Der Nutzen einer intraoperativen Schnellschnittuntersuchung mit nachfolgender Konsequenz für eine etwaige distale Magenresektion ist anhand unserer Daten nicht belegbar.
Vitreous Hemorrhage Caused by Ruptured Retinal Macroaneurysm
Authors: Asao Kazunobu , Nakada Atsuko , Kawasaki Yoshimi
Published: February 2014

Purpose: To report the clinical findings of 7 patients with a vitreous hemorrhage (VH) caused by a ruptured retinal macroaneurysm. Methods: Interventional case series. The medical records of 7 patients with a VH caused by a ruptured macroaneurysm and treated by either medication or vitrectomy were reviewed. The main outcome measures were the visual acuity, appearance of the fundus and optical coherence tomographic findings. Results: Two patients, aged 49 and 58 years, had retinal macroaneurysms at the optic disc. The retinal macroaneurysm in the other 5 eyes (mean age 79.0 years) was not at the optic disc. The VH was completely resolved in all 7 patients. The visual acuity improved in all eyes and remained stable for at least 6 months after the treatments (p = 0.0478). Conclusions: The improvement of the visual acuity in all eyes indicates that the prognosis of eyes with a VH caused by a ruptured retinal macroaneurysm is good.
Adipogenic Effects of a Combination of the Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds Bisphenol A, Diethylhexylphthalate, and Tributyltin
Authors: Biemann Ronald , Fischer Bernd , Navarrete Santos Anne
Published: February 2014

Objective: The food contaminants bisphenol A (BPA), diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP), and tributyltin (TBT) are potent endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDC) known to interfere with adipogenesis. EDC usually act in mixtures and not as single compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a simultaneous exposure of BPA, DEHP, and TBT on mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into adipocytes. Methods: Multipotent murine mesenchymal stem cells (C3H10T1/2) were exposed to EDC mixtures in high concentrations, i.e. MIX-high (10 µmol/l BPA, 100 µmol/l DEHP, 100 nmol/l TBT), and in environmentally relevant concentrations, i.e. MIX-low (10 nmol/l BPA, 100 nmol/l DEHP, 1 nmol/l TBT). The exposure was performed either for the entire culture time (0-12 days) or at distinct stages of adipogenic differentiation. At day 12 of cell culture, the amount of adipocytes, triglyceride content (TG), and adipogenic marker gene expression were analyzed. Results: MIX-high increased the development of adipocytes and the expression of adipogenic marker genes independently of the exposure window. The total TG amount was not increased. The low-concentrated EDC mixture had no obvious impact on adipogenesis. Conclusion: In EDC mixtures, the adipogenic effect of TBT and DEHP predominates single effects of BPA. Mixture effects of EDC are not deducible from single compound experiments.
Pseudo Force Display that Applies Pressure to the Forearms
Authors: Mitsuda Takashi
Published: February 2014

Conventional force display systems provide a force sensation by applying force to the operator's body via actuators such as electric motors. These systems can potentially harm the operator, especially when providing a large force sensation. This study shows that constrictive pressure on the distal part of the forearms provides a force sensation such as holding a heavy object or pushing a wall when the pressure changes in accordance with the hand motion. This force display provides a large force sensation of ∼10 N without applying real force to the operator's hand, which makes the system intrinsically safe and suitable as a wearable force display system. Experimental results show that the discrimination thresholds are consistent with Weber's Law. It was demonstrated that an operator could sort virtual objects by weight using this system.
Cognitive Demands of Semi-Natural Virtual Locomotion
Authors: Marsh William E. , Kelly Jonathan W. , Dark Veronica J. , Oliver James H.
Published: February 2014

There is currently no fully natural, general-purpose locomotion interface. Instead, interfaces such as gamepads or treadmills are required to explore large virtual environments (VEs). Furthermore, sensory feedback that would normally be used in real-world movement is often restricted in VR due to constraints such as reduced field of view (FOV). Accommodating these limitations with locomotion interfaces afforded by most virtual reality (VR) systems may induce cognitive demands on the user that are unrelated to the primary task to be performed in the VE. Users of VR systems often have many competing task demands, and additional cognitive demands during locomotion must compete for finite resources. Two studies were previously reported investigating the working memory demands imposed by semi-natural locomotion interfaces (Study 1) and reduced sensory feedback (Study 2). This paper expands on the previously reported results and adds discussion linking the two studies. The results indicated that locomotion with a less natural interface increases spatial working memory demands, and that locomotion with a lower FOV increases general attentional demands. These findings are discussed in terms of their practical implications for selection of locomotion interfaces when designing VEs.
Virtual Environment System in Support of a Traditional Orientation and Mobility Rehabilitation Program for People Who Are Blind
Authors: Lahav Orly , Schloerb David W. , Srinivasan Mandayam A.
Published: February 2014

BlindAid, a virtual environment system developed in part for orientation and mobility training of newly, adventitiously, and congenitally blind persons, allows interaction with different virtual structures and objects via auditory and haptic feedback. This research examined whether and how the system might help people who are blind develop orientation and mobility skills within a traditional rehabilitation program. Nine clients at The Carroll Center for the Blind (Newton, MA) explored VEs and performed virtual orientation tasks in addition to their traditional orientation and mobility training. The virtual training gave the participants additional time to learn systematic exploration and orientation strategies and their performance was evaluated using qualitative and quantitative methods. The findings supply strong evidence that practicing with the BlindAid system does enhance traditional orientation and mobility training in these areas.
Modifying Perceived Size of a Handled Object through Hand Image Deformation
Authors: Ban Yuki , Narumi Takuji , Tanikawa Tomohiro , Hirose Michitaka
Published: February 2014

In this study, we aim to construct a perception-based shape display system to provide users with the sensation of touching virtual objects of varying shapes using only a simple mechanism. Thus far, we have proved that identified curved surface shapes or edge angles can be modified by displacing the visual representation of the user's hand. However, using this method, we cannot emulate multifinger touch, because of spatial unconformity. To solve this problem, we focus on modifying the identification of shapes using two fingers by deforming the visual representation of the user's hand. We devised a video see-through system that enables us to change the perceived shape of an object that a user is touching visually. The visual representation of the user's hand is deformed as if the user were handling a visual object; however, the user is actually handling an object of a different shape. Using this system, we conducted two experiments to investigate the effects of visuo-haptic interaction and evaluate its effectiveness. One is an investigation on the modification of size perception to confirm that the fingers did not stroke the shape but only touched it statically. The other is an investigation on the modification of shape perception for confirming that the fingers dynamically stroked the surface of the shape. The results of these experiments show that the perceived sizes of objects handled using a thumb and other finger(s) could be modified if the difference between the size of physical and visual stimuli was in the −40% to 35% range. In addition, we found that the algorithm can create an effect of shape perception modification when users stroke the shape with multiple fingers.
A phylogenetic analysis of the Cryptocarya group (Lauraceae), and relationships of Dahlgrenodendron, Sinopora, Triadodaphne, and Yasunia
Authors: Rohwer Jens Gunter , DE MORAES PEDRO LUIS RODRIGUES , RUDOLPH BARBARA , WERFF HENK VAN DER
Published: February 2014

A phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ITS and plastid trnK intron sequences confirms that Dahlgrenodendron, Sinopora, Triadodaphne, and Yasunia are members of the Cryptocarya group, as expected from morphology.  Dahlgrenodendron from South Africa is sister to Aspidostemon from Madagascar.  Triadodaphne inaequitepala is nested within Endiandra (both from Australasia), and Yasunia from South America is nested among South American Beilschmiedia species.  Sinopora is a member of the Beilschmiedia clade, but its precise position is still uncertain.  Among large genera of the group, Cryptocarya is clearly monophyletic, and Endiandra appears to be as well, if T. inaequitepala is included.  Beilschmiedia is paraphyletic with respect to (at least) Potameia and Yasunia.  Most well-supported clades within genera are geographically homogeneous, except a clade including the Chilean Cryptocarya alba and two New Caledonian species.  Both Beilschmiedia and Cryptocarya have reached the Americas more than once.  Four-locular anthers are plesiomorphic in the Cryptocarya group; two-locular anthers have arisen by fusion of the two pollen sacs of a theca.  In the plesiomorphic fruit type, the ovary is completely enclosed in receptacular tissue; a superior fruit, seated free on its pedicel, is a synapomorphy of the Beilschmiedia clade.
Four new Pinnularia Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta, Pinnulariaceae) species from Amazonian black water (Tupé Lake, Amazonas State, Brazil)
Authors: Pereira Andreia Cavalcante , Torgan Lezilda Carvalho , Melo Sergio
Published: February 2014

Tupé Lake belongs to one of the Sustainable Development Reserves in the Negro River Basin, Amazonas State, Brazil. It connects to the Negro river by a channel, so its level varies according to the floods of the river. The water has low pH (< 5), low conductivity (< 7.60 µS.cm-1) and high temperature (> 28.5ºC). During a taxonomic study of the genus Pinnularia, four new species are described: P. manausensis Pereira & Torgan, P. nelsonii Pereira & Torgan, P. tupensis Pereira, Melo & Torgan and P. walkerae Pereira & Torgan. The study was based on samples taken during October and December 2003 (low waters) and September 2008 (falling), including samples of plankton and sediment. The morphology of the species is compared to closely related (similar) taxa. Detailed valve structures of some species are documented with scanning electron microscopy.
Molecular and morphological circumscription of Brachythecium coruscum as a separate taxon from Brachythecium albicans (Brachytheciaceae, Bryophyta)
Authors: DRAPER ISABEL , MAZIMPAKA VICENTE , HEDENÄS LARS
Published: February 2014

Nuclear ITS, and chloroplast rpl16 and trnG sequences, together with morphological data, were used to circumscribe some problematic taxa within the complex around the pleurocarpous moss Brachythecium albicans. Brachythecium coruscum is consistently different from B. albicans, and its description is here amended. On the contrary, segregation of Brachythecium dumetorum from B. albicans is unsupported both according to molecular and morphological data, and the two taxa are therefore considered to be synonyms.
A new species and a new combination of Iris subgenus Scorpiris (Iridaceae) from Central Asia (Hissar Range, Pamir-Alai)
Authors: Tojibaev Komil , ORZIMAT TURGINOV
Published: February 2014

During floristic surveys in the southwestern borders of the Hissar Mountains (Pamir-Alai system, Central Asia), 2011–2013, we collected one unidentified species from genus Iris Linnaeus (1753: 38) subgenus Scorpiris, section Juno (Trattinnick 1817: 135) Bentham ex Bentham & Hooker (1883: 687). These plants were introduced into the Tashkent Botanical Garden, where we carefully studied them in the Iris living collection. We conclude that the new species is related to an alliance that contains Iris parvula (Vvedensky 1963: 425) Hall & Seisums (2011: 300). This group consists primarily of high-mountain species, the distribution of which is limited to the ridges of the Pamir-Alai and western Tien-Shan (Central Asia)—Iris parvula, I. linifolia (Regel 1935: 152) Fedtschenko (1905: 159), I. tadshikorum (Vvedensky 1935: 152) Vvedensky (1935: 563) and I. narynensis Fedtschenko (1905: 159; Ikinci et al., 2011). According to our studies, this group could be extended by the inclusion of Iris vvedenskyi Nevski (1932: 323) and Juno linifoliiformis Khalkuziev (1985: 1663), here transferred to Iris. Iris vvedenskyi is primarily documented for the Kugi-Tang Range (western Pamir-Alai), and its main distribution is in Turkmenistan. The lesser-known I. linifoliiformis grows on northern slopes of the Turkestan and Alai Ridges (Khalkuziev, 1985). The world checklist of selected plant families (2013) placed J. linifoliiformis in synonymy with I. linifolia. Vvedensky (1971), in the note to Iris linifolia, wrote that plants from the Alai Ridge differ from I. linifolia and should be recognized as a new species, between typical I. linifolia and northern forms of I. tadshikorum Vved. Later, a researcher of the flora of Alai Ridge, Khalkuziev (1985), described these plants as Juno linifoliiformis Khalkusiev (1985: 1663) and distinguished them from I. linifolia by their deeply dissected (1.5–2.0 mm long) crests and narrower leaves not exceeding flowers.
Morphometric characterization of Eryngium viviparum (Umbelliferae): description of a new subspecies from the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Romero Bujan Maria Inmaculada , REAL CARLOS
Published: February 2014

Eryngium viviparum is an endemic plant of the Atlantic regions of Europe. Surveys carried out in recent years in the wetlands of northwest Spain have led to the identification of several previously undetected subpopulations of this species in inland areas with markedly Mediterranean bioclimatic characteristics that constitute the southern limit of this species. However, these populations overlap with the distribution of the Iberian endemic E. galioides, similar in size and morphology. We developed a biometric study on herbarium vouchers that has enabled us to identify a new subspecies, subspecies bariegoi, distributed in a limited geographical zone in Mediterranean areas of the northwest Iberian Peninsula.
Nomenclatural notes on some checkered beetle (Coleoptera: Cleridae) types of the Natural History Museum, London (BMNH)
Authors: LEAVENGOOD, JR. JOHN M. , GARNER BEULAH H.
Published: February 2014

Lectotypes were designated (and holotypes and paralectotypes recognized) for 44 species of Hydnocerinae, including the type species for Isolemidia, Parmius, Paupris, Allelidea, Blaesiopthalmus and Lemidia, four species of Enoclerus (Clerinae), and 14 species of Cymatodera (Tillinae). Annotations include comments on additional type material, new type locality, previous (type series) locality, and questionable or mysterious types. Phyllobaenus pallipes (Gorham) and P. rufithorax (Gorham) are synonymized with P. flavifemoratus (Gorham), P. chapini (Wolcott) is synonymized under P. lateralis (Gorham), and P. villosus (Schenkling) is synonymized under P. longus (LeConte), new synonymies. Phyllobaenus longus (LeConte) is discovered in New Mexico, new state record.
Record of Natula matsuurai Sugimoto (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Trigonidiinae) and other sword-tailed crickets from India
Authors: MAL JHABAR , NAGAR RAJENDRA , SWAMINATHAN R.
Published: February 2014

The genus Natula is a new record from the state of Rajasthan, India. Description of the species has been supported with photographs and line drawings leading to its identification. The other common sword-tailed crickets of the sub-family Trigonidiinae have also been described.
Description of Conchyliurus dispar n. sp. (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Clausidiidae) associated with the bivalve Barnea manilensis (Philippi) from the Yellow Sea with a discussion of the male morphotypes in the genus
Authors: MOON SEONG YONG , KIM IL-HOI
Published: February 2014

Conchyliurus dispar, a new species associated with the bivalve Barnea manilensis (Philippi), is described from the intertidal zone of the Yellow Sea. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: the absence of posterolateral processes on the male genital somite, the absence of a dorsal lobe on the female genital double-somite, and the presence of proximal spinules on the ventral surface of the anal somite. Based on a review of the literature on Conchyliurus, we also argue that the male of the new species and possibly all other known species of Conchyliurus consist of two distinct morphotypes, a large male and a small male.
New short-horned flies (Diptera: Eremochaetidae) from the Early Cretaceous of China
Authors: ZHANG KUIYAN , YANG DING , REN DONG
Published: February 2014

Eremochaetidae is a rare family found from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. So far, only 8 genera with 12 species have been recorded. Herein, we describe a new species, Dissup clausus sp. nov., and the first male of Eremomukha (E.) tsokotukha Mostovski, 1996, from the Yixian Formation, the Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China. Additionally, E. (E.) insidiosa Mostovski, 1996 is considered as a new synonym of E. (E.) tsokotukha. An updated list of all known Eremochaetidae is presented.
Review of the genus Andrioplecta Obraztsov (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae) from China
Authors: LV JINMEI , SUN YINGHUI , LI HOUHUN
Published: February 2014

The Chinese species of Andrioplecta Obraztsov, 1968 are reviewed. Six species are treated, including one new species (A. angusticuculla, sp. nov.) and three species newly recorded from China (A. phuluangensis, A. shoreae and A. suboxystaura). Images and descriptions of adults and genitalia are provided, along with a key to the species in China.