bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Care cascade of tuberculosis infection treatment for people living with HIV in the era of antiretroviral therapy scale-up
Authors: Lin Kuan-Yin , Yang Chia-Jui , Sun Hsin-Yun , Lee Yuan-Ti , Liou Bo-Huang , Hii Ing-Moi , Chen Tun-Chieh , Huang Sung-Hsi , Lee Chun-Yuan , Tsai Chin-Shiang , Lin Chi-Ying , Liu Chun-Eng , Chang Hsi-Yen , Cheng Chien-Yu , Lu Po-Liang , Hung Chien-Ching ,   Taiwan HIV Study Group, Huang Yu-Shan , Liu Wang-Da , Chen Guan-Jhou , Liu Wen-Chun , Su Yi-Ching , Wu Pei-Ying , Chen Ling-Ya , Zhang Jun-Yu , Tsai Mao-Song , Lin Chia-Chun , Lee Yu-Lin , Chen Yen-Hsu , Huang Yi-Chia , Ko Wen-Chien , Cheng Shu-Hsing , Chang Sui-Yuan , Wang Ning-Chi , Lin Te-Yu , Lee Yi-Chieh , Lin Shih-Ping , Hsieh Chia-Yin , Wang Hsiu-Wen , Ho Mao-Wang , Hung Tung-Che , Tsai Hung-Chin , Lin Hsi-Hsun , Lee Chen-Hsiang
Published: September 2022

Testing and treatment of tuberculosis infection (TBI) are recommended for people living with HIV (PLWH). We aimed to evaluate the care cascade of TBI treatment among PLWH in the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale-up. This retrospective study included adult PLWH undergoing interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA)-based TBI screening during 2019–2021. PLWH testing IGRA-positive were advised to receive directly-observed therapy for TBI after active TB disease was excluded. The care cascade was evaluated to identify barriers to TBI management. Among 7951 PLWH with a median age of 38 years and CD4 count of 616 cells/mm3, 420 (5.3%) tested positive and 38 (0.5%) indeterminate for IGRA. The TBI treatment initiation rate was 73.6% (309/420) and the completion rate was 91.9% (284/309). More than 80% of PLWH concurrently received short-course rifapentine-based regimens and integrase strand transfer inhibitor (InSTI)-containing ART. The main barrier to treatment initiation was physicians’ concerns and patients’ refusal (85.6%). The factors associated with treatment non-completion were older age, female, anti-HCV positivity, and higher plasma HIV RNA. Our observation of a high TBI completion rate among PLWH is mainly related to the introduction of short-course rifapentine-based regimens in the InSTI era, which can be the strategy to improve TBI treatment uptake.
Study on mechanical properties and fracture surface characteristics of argillaceous sandstone under different stress paths
Authors: Huang Tianzhu , Wang Lehua , Li Jianlin , Zhang Bingyi , Wang Xiaoping , Xu Xiaoliang
Published: September 2022

To study the differences in mechanical properties and failure characteristics of underground chambers surrounding rock under different stress conditions, triaxial loading and unloading tests were carried out on argillaceous sandstone. The three-dimensional topography parameters of the fracture surface were obtained by using high-precision three-dimensional topography scanning technology, including six height characteristic parameters and two texture parameters. Compared with the triaxial loading test, the strength, peak strain and residual strength of argillaceous sandstone with the same confining pressure under unloading conditions all decrease, and the stress–strain curve changes from ductility to brittleness. The Mogi–Coulomb strength criterion can better describe the strength properties of argillaceous sandstones than the Mohr–Coulomb and Drucker–Prager strength criteria. Under the unloading condition, the cohesion c decreased by 30.87% and the internal friction angle φ increased by 30.87% compared with the loading condition. The tensile cracks perpendicular to the unloading direction is formed during unloading, resulting in large roughness, dispersion and fluctuation of fracture surface.
Developing CIRdb as a catalog of natural genetic variation in the Canary Islanders
Authors: Díaz-de Usera Ana , Rubio-Rodríguez Luis A. , Muñoz-Barrera Adrián , Lorenzo-Salazar Jose M. , Guillen-Guio Beatriz , Jáspez David , Corrales Almudena , Íñigo-Campos Antonio , García-Olivares Víctor , Rodríguez Pérez María Del Cristo , Marcelino-Rodríguez Itahisa , Cabrera de León Antonio , González-Montelongo Rafaela , Flores Carlos
Published: September 2022

The current inhabitants of the Canary Islands have a unique genetic makeup in the European diversity landscape due to the existence of African footprints from recent admixture events, especially of North African components (> 20%). The underrepresentation of non-Europeans in genetic studies and the sizable North African ancestry, which is nearly absent from all existing catalogs of worldwide genetic diversity, justify the need to develop CIRdb, a population-specific reference catalog of natural genetic variation in the Canary Islanders. Based on array genotyping of the selected unrelated donors and comparisons against available datasets from European, sub-Saharan, and North African populations, we illustrate the intermediate genetic differentiation of Canary Islanders between Europeans and North Africans and the existence of within-population differences that are likely driven by genetic isolation. Here we describe the overall design and the methods that are being implemented to further develop CIRdb. This resource will help to strengthen the implementation of Precision Medicine in this population by contributing to increase the diversity in genetic studies. Among others, this will translate into improved ability to fine map disease genes and simplify the identification of causal variants and estimate the prevalence of unattended Mendelian diseases.
A study of green roof and impact on the temperature of buildings using integrated IoT system
Authors: Tseng Kuo-Hsiung , Chung Meng-Yun , Chen Li-Hsien , Chou Lu-An
Published: September 2022

With the rise of environmental consciousness and the evolution of circular cities, the Internet of things (IoT) has been combined with the concept of circular economies to promote the effective control of renewable energy and resources. In this study, a comprehensive IoT system containing front-end device applications, network layer innovations, and cloud platform integrations was used in civil engineering applications. This IoT architecture is presented as a development basis for constructing modular automatic monitoring devices and integrating circular city concepts with the IoT. According to the concept of circular city, green circulation and energy use are systematically integrated and called “green energy”. In addition, the green energy system can be divided into above-ground and underground. The above-ground part uses green roofs and solar panels for research and discussion. The composite solar green roofs of the two are called green roofs, and the comparison of their benefits is discussed on the spot. Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) technologies were used in this study. The advantages of the developed system were analyzed using measured pH values, air temperatures, soil temperatures, and humidity. The results of this study indicate that constructing a green energy roof can decrease indoor temperatures by 1.5 °C and solar module temperatures by 1.6 °C while increasing power generation; thus, green energy roofs are suitable for tropical regions.
Micro-fragmented adipose tissue cellular composition varies by processing device and analytical method
Authors: Greenwood Valerie , Clausen Peter , Matuska Andrea M.
Published: September 2022

Autologous adipose-derived biologics are of clinical interest based on accessibility of adipose tissue, a rich source of progenitor and immunomodulatory cells. Micro-fragmented adipose tissue (MFAT) preserves the cellular niche within intact extracellular matrix, potentially offering benefit over enzymatically-liberated stromal vascular fraction (SVF), however lack of standardized analyses complicate direct comparison of these products. In this study, MFAT from LipoGems® and AutoPose™ Restore systems, which utilize different washing and resizing methods, was analyzed for cellular content using different techniques. Flow cytometry was performed on SVF, with or without culture, and on the adherent cell population that naturally migrated from undigested MFAT. Cytokine release during culture was also assessed. SVF contained more diverse progenitor populations, while MFAT outgrowth contained lower cell concentrations of predominantly mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). MSCs were significantly higher in MFAT from the AutoPose System for all analyses, with increased cytokine secretion characterized by high levels of anti-inflammatory and low to non-detectable inflammatory cytokines. These results demonstrate that cellularity depends on MFAT processing methods, and different techniques can be employed to evaluate graft cellularity. Comparisons of cell concentrations determined via these methods could be used to better interpret inter-study variability.
Identification and verification of CCNB1 as a potential prognostic biomarker by comprehensive analysis
Authors: Zeng Yinzhen , Fan Rong
Published: September 2022

As one of the most common types of pancreatic cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly invasive and lethal. This study aims to develop biomarkers and targets for the diagnosis and treatment of PDAC. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened via GEO2R, protein network was constructed through STRING and Cytoscape. Functional enrichment analysis was performed, followed by survival analysis and expression validation. A total of 115 DEGs were identified, including 108 upregulated and 7 downregulated genes. After enrichment, survival analysis, one potential gene, Cyclin B1 (CCNB1), was selected for further expression verification at the mRNA and protein level. Taker together, CCNB1 may act as a potential biomarker which provided new idea for elucidation of the pathogenesis of PDAC.
Silicon modifies C:N:P stoichiometry and improves the physiological efficiency and dry matter mass production of sorghum grown under nutritional sufficiency
Authors: de Carvalho Jonilson Santos , Frazão Joaquim José , de Mello Prado Renato , de Souza Júnior Jonas Pereira , Costa Milton Garcia
Published: September 2022

Silicon (Si) may be involved in the modification of C:N:P stoichiometry and in physiological processes, increasing sorghum growth and grain production. The objective was to evaluate the effect of Si supply on C:N:P:Si stoichiometry, physiological response, growth, and grain production of sorghum. The experiment was carried out in pots with four concentrations of Si: 0; 1.2; 2.4; and 3.6 mmol L−1in a completely randomized design, with six replicates. Physiological attributes and dark green color index were measured and grain and biomass production were determined. Posteriorly, the plant material was ground to determine silicon (Si), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents in order to analyze C:N:P:Si stoichiometry. C:Si and C:N ratios decreased at all Si concentrations applied (1.2, 2.4, and 3.6 mmol L−1) and in all plant parts studied, being lower at 3.6 mmol L−1. The lowest C:P ratios of leaves and roots were observed at 3.6 mmol L−1Si and the lowest C:P ratio of stems was observed at 1.2 mmol L−1Si. Si concentrations were not significant for the N:P ratio of leaves. The highest N:P ratio of stems was observed at 3.6 mmol L−1, while the lowest N:P ratio of roots was observed at 2.4 and 3.6 mmol L−1. Regardless of photosynthetic parameters, the application of 1.2 mmol L−1Si enhanced photosynthetic rate. The application of 2.4 and 3.6 mmol L−1enhanced stomatal conductance and dark green color index. The mass of 1000 grains was not influenced by Si applications, while Si applications at all concentrations studied (1.2, 2.4, and 3.6 mmol L−1) enhanced shoot and total dry matter, not affecting root dry matter and grain production. In conclusion, Si supply modifies C:N:P:Si stoichiometry and increases physiologic parameters, growth, development, and grain production in sorghum.
Sex differences in frailty of geriatric outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multicentre cross-sectional study
Authors: Nguyen Huan Thanh , Nguyen An Huu , Le Phuong Thi My
Published: September 2022

Frailty and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can occur concurrently and are increasingly prevalent in older populations. There is a marked variability in frailty progression between men and women. This study aimed to investigate sex differences in the prevalence and factors associated with frailty in older outpatients with T2DM. This multicentre cross-sectional study included 638 outpatients (aged ≥ 60 years; median age 71 years [interquartile range, 66–77]; male, 55.5%) and was conducted from January 2019 to July 2020. Frailty was assessed using the Fried frailty phenotype. Factors associated with frailty were assessed using a logistic regression analysis. The overall frailty prevalence was 28.2% (men, 26.8%; women, 29.9%; P = 0.388). In the adjusted model, the factors associated with greater odds of being frail were older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–1.11; P < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) less than 20 kg/m2 (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.16–3.32; P = 0.012). Higher education (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42–0.98; P = 0.041) and productive work (OR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.03–0.36; P < 0.001) were protective factors against frailty. Frailty was associated with all four factors in women, but only with older age and productive work in men. Our study found that the prevalence of frailty in older outpatients with T2DM was 28.2%, though not significantly different between men and women. While older age and BMI less than 20 kg/m2 can increase the odds of frailty, and higher education and productive work can decrease the odds of frailty in women, only age and productive work were associated with frailty in men with T2DM.
Bioarchaeological investigations of the princely grave at Helmsdorf attesting to the violent death of an Early Bronze Age leader
Authors: Nicklisch Nicole , Ramsthaler Frank , Bunnefeld Jan-Heinrich , Schulz Georg , Friedrich Ronny , Alt Kurt W. , Meller Harald
Published: September 2022

The Helmsdorf “princely” tomb, excavated at the beginning of the twentieth century, is one of the most important archaeological discoveries dating from the Early Bronze Age in central Germany. In addition to the burial inventory, which points to an elevated social position of the deceased, a number of highly fragmented skeletal remains were preserved. Forensic anthropological investigation identified three distinctive bone defects, the surfaces of which were macromorphologically and microscopically examined in greater detail. Micro-CT analyses were also carried out. The results of all examinations suggested that the defects represented three perimortem injuries. The wound morphology was indicative of the use of a bladed weapon. The combination of injuries and their locations supported the assumption of a targeted use of force to kill. A comparison of Early Bronze Age weapons and tools with the bone lesions led to the identification of a type of weapon possibly used in the attack.
The ecology and epidemiology of malaria parasitism in wild chimpanzee reservoirs
Authors: Scully Erik J. , Liu Weimin , Li Yingying , Ndjango Jean-Bosco N. , Peeters Martine , Kamenya Shadrack , Pusey Anne E. , Lonsdorf Elizabeth V. , Sanz Crickette M. , Morgan David B. , Piel Alex K. , Stewart Fiona A. , Gonder Mary K. , Simmons Nicole , Asiimwe Caroline , Zuberbühler Klaus , Koops Kathelijne , Chapman Colin A. , Chancellor Rebecca , Rundus Aaron , Huffman Michael A. , Wolfe Nathan D. , Duraisingh Manoj T. , Hahn Beatrice H. , Wrangham Richard W.
Published: September 2022

Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) harbor rich assemblages of malaria parasites, including three species closely related to P. falciparum (sub-genus Laverania), the most malignant human malaria parasite. Here, we characterize the ecology and epidemiology of malaria infection in wild chimpanzee reservoirs. We used molecular assays to screen chimpanzee fecal samples, collected longitudinally and cross-sectionally from wild populations, for malaria parasite mitochondrial DNA. We found that chimpanzee malaria parasitism has an early age of onset and varies seasonally in prevalence. A subset of samples revealed Hepatocystis mitochondrial DNA, with phylogenetic analyses suggesting that Hepatocystis appears to cross species barriers more easily than Laverania. Longitudinal and cross-sectional sampling independently support the hypothesis that mean ambient temperature drives spatiotemporal variation in chimpanzee Laverania infection. Infection probability peaked at ~24.5 °C, consistent with the empirical transmission optimum of P. falciparum in humans. Forest cover was also positively correlated with spatial variation in Laverania prevalence, consistent with the observation that forest-dwelling Anophelines are the primary vectors. Extrapolating these relationships across equatorial Africa, we map spatiotemporal variation in the suitability of chimpanzee habitat for Laverania transmission, offering a hypothetical baseline indicator of human exposure risk.
The role of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex in muscle cell mechanotransduction
Authors: Wilson Darren Graham Samuel , Tinker Andrew , Iskratsch Thomas
Published: September 2022

Dystrophin is the central protein of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) in skeletal and heart muscle cells. Dystrophin connects the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Severing the link between the ECM and the intracellular cytoskeleton has a devastating impact on the homeostasis of skeletal muscle cells, leading to a range of muscular dystrophies. In addition, the loss of a functional DGC leads to progressive dilated cardiomyopathy and premature death. Dystrophin functions as a molecular spring and the DGC plays a critical role in maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Additionally, evidence is accumulating, linking the DGC to mechanosignalling, albeit this role is still less understood. This review article aims at providing an up-to-date perspective on the DGC and its role in mechanotransduction. We first discuss the intricate relationship between muscle cell mechanics and function, before examining the recent research for a role of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex in mechanotransduction and maintaining the biomechanical integrity of muscle cells. Finally, we review the current literature to map out how DGC signalling intersects with mechanical signalling pathways to highlight potential future points of intervention, especially with a focus on cardiomyopathies.
Akt/mTOR integrate energy metabolism with Wnt signal to influence wound epithelium growth in Gekko Japonicus
Authors: Wang Qinghua , Mao Zuming , Liu Zhuang , Xu Man , Huang Shuai , Wang Yin , Xu Yanran , Qi Longju , Liu Mei , Liu Yan
Published: September 2022

The formation of wound epithelium initiates regeneration of amputated tail in Gekko japonicus. Energy metabolism is indispensable for the growth of living creatures and typically influenced by temperature. In this study, we reveal that low temperature lowers energy metabolism level and inhibits the regeneration of amputated tails of Gekko japonicus. We further find that low temperature attenuates the activation of protein kinase B (Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in regenerated tissues upon injury signals, and the inhibition of Akt hinders proliferation of the wound epithelium. Additionally, wingless/integrated (Wnt) inhibition suppresses epithelium proliferation and formation by inhibiting Akt activation. Finally, low temperature elevates the activity of adenylate-activated kinase (AMPK) pathway and in turn attenuates wound epithelium formation. Meanwhile, either mTOR downregulation or AMPK upregulation is associated with worse wound epithelium formation. Summarily, low temperature restricts wound epithelium formation by influencing energy sensory pathways including Akt/mTOR and AMPK signaling, which is also modulated by injury induced Wnt signal. Our results provide a mechanism that incorporates the injury signals with metabolic pathway to facilitate regeneration.
Solvent-free dehydration, cyclization, and hydrogenation of linalool with a dual heterogeneous catalyst system to generate a high-performance sustainable aviation fuel
Authors: Keller C. Luke , Doppalapudi Karan R. , Woodroffe Josanne-Dee , Harvey Benjamin G.
Published: September 2022

The development of efficient catalytic methods for the synthesis of bio-based, full-performance jet fuels is critical for limiting the impacts of climate change while enabling a thriving modern society. To help address this need, here, linalool, a terpene alcohol that can be produced via fermentation of biomass sugars, was dehydrated, cyclized, and hydrogenated in a one-pot reaction under moderate reaction conditions. This sequence produced a biosynthetic fuel mixture primarily composed of 1-methyl-4-isopropylcyclohexane (p-menthane) and 2,6-dimethyloctane (DMO). The reaction was promoted by a catalyst composed of commercial Amberlyst-15, H+ form, and 10% Pd/C. Two other terpenoid substrates (1,8-cineole and 1,4-cineole) were subjected to the same conditions and excellent conversion to high purity p-menthane was observed. The fuel mixture derived from linalool exhibits a 1.7% higher gravimetric heat of combustion and 66% lower kinematic viscosity at −20 °C compared to the limits for conventional jet fuel. These properties suggest that isomerized hydrogenated linalool (IHL) can be blended with conventional jet fuel or synthetic paraffinic kerosenes to deliver high-performance sustainable aviation fuels for commercial and military applications.
Dearomatization of benzopyrylium triflates with sulfoxonium ylides
Authors: Leveille Alexandria N. , Allegrezza Marissa M. , Laybourn Kalen , Mattson Anita E.
Published: September 2022

The synthesis of benzo[b]oxepines is achieved through an innovative cyclopropanation and ring expansion sequence with benzopyrylium triflates and sulfoxonium ylides.
Controlled growth of organic 2D layered material thin filmsviainterfacial methods
Authors: Wang Huaping , Wu Qianru , Fu Hongbing , Wu Li-Zhu , Feng Xinliang
Published: September 2022

In this review, we focus on the growth of organic 2D layered material thin films at interfaces. The relationship between the structure of interfaces and the quality of films has been systematically discussed.
GSH-Triggered NO releasing nanoplatform based on a covalent organic framework for “1 + 1 > 2” synergistic cancer therapy
Authors: Wan Xiuyan , Zheng Teng , Wang Dawei , Pan Wei , Gao Yanan , Li Na , Tang Bo
Published: September 2022

A covalent organic framework was developed as GSH-triggered nitric oxide (NO) releasing nanoplatform for “1 + 1 > 2” synergistic cancer therapy of NO mediated therapy and photodynamic therapy.
Organocatalytic multicomponent coupling to access a highly functionalised tetracyclic furoindoline: interrupted Passerini/Joullié–Ugi cascade reaction
Authors: Yamada Takeshi , Okamoto Sentaro
Published: September 2022

3,5,6-Trifluoro-2-pyridone effectively catalyses interrupted Passerini reaction of 3-(2-isocyanoethyl)-indole as a bifunctional catalyst. The described one-pot four-component coupling reaction afforded highly functionalised tetracyclic furoindolines.
Failure analysis of hydrothermal synthesis for spinel manganese–cobalt oxide
Authors: Li Zhao , Ren Zhiguo , Zhao Yuanxin , Wu Shuaijin , Yao Yingying , Ren Xiaochuan , Zhu Daming , Li Xiaolong , Zou Jianxin
Published: September 2022

We synthesize spinel manganese–cobalt oxide through hydrothermal method, while the final synthetic sample is neither MnCo2O4 nor MnCo2O4.5, but a two-phase coexistence of Co3O4 and Mn3+/4+-doped Co3O4.
Short-process synthetic strategies of sustainable isohexide-based polyesters towards higher molecular weight and commercial applicability
Authors: Wang Yaning , Wu Jing , Koning Cor E. , Wang Huaping
Published: September 2022

Different short-process synthetic strategies, the influential factors for polymerization efficiency and the key catalytic systems of isohexide-based polyesters are discussed.
Recent advances in uranium-containing polyoxometalates
Authors: Yang Guo-Ping , Li Ke , Hu Chang-Wen
Published: September 2022

This review exhibits a comprehensive summary of uranium-containing polyoxometalates, including synthesis and structures, characterizations, properties, and applications. The development prospects and future directions are also elucidated.
Plant- and fungi-inspired hierarchical structures as electrode materials: a review
Authors: Hussain Iftikhar , Lamiel Charmaine , Javed Muhammad Sufyan , Sahoo Sumanta , Ahmed Muhammad , Chen Xi , Zhang Kaili
Published: September 2022

Advances in plant- and fungi-inspired nanoarchitectures of electrode materials are comprehensively assessed and compiled with respect to their application in supercapacitors.
Zirconium-based cubic-perovskite materials for photocatalytic solar cell applications: a DFT study
Authors: Shahzad Muhammad Khuram , Mujtaba Syed Taqveem , Hussain Shoukat , Rehman Jalil Ur , Farooq Muhammad Umair , Khan Muhammad Aslam , Tahir Muhammad Bilal , Mahmood Muhammad Ali
Published: September 2022

The structural, electronic, optical, and mechanical characteristics of cubic inorganic perovskites XZrO3 (X = Rb and K) were studied using the Cambridge serial total energy package-based DFT.
Modelling the strength of mineral–organic binding: organic molecules on the α-Al2O3(0001) surface
Authors: Ahmad Aneesa , Martsinovich Natalia
Published: September 2022

We evaluated the stability of organic molecules in soil by calculating these molecules' strength of adsorption on the α-Al2O3mineral.
Enhancement in the energy storage performance of P(VDF-HFP)-based composites by adding PLZST inorganic nanoparticles
Authors: Guo Yan , Zhou Di , Xu Ran , Zhu Qingshan , Li Da , Zhao WeiChen , Pang LiXia , Wang Yifei , Liu Wenfeng , Su Jinzhan , Zhou Tao , Sun Shikuan
Published: September 2022

The addition of PLZST nanoparticles improves the dielectric constant and breakdown strength, reduces loss, thus improves the energy storage performance of PLZST/P(VDF-HFP) nanocomposites.
Axial coordination modification of M–N4single-atom catalysts to regulate the electrocatalytic CO2reduction reaction
Authors: Ma Mengbo , Tang Qing
Published: September 2022

The effect of axial covalent functionalization on the CO2electroreduction over M–N4single atom catalysts was revealed using density functional theory computations.
Preparation of band-gap-grading Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 thin-film solar cells by post-sulfo-selenization treatment
Authors: Li Xiang , Hu Xinghuan , Liao Hua , Yang Shuai , Li Xinyu , Li Qiulian , Liu Xin , Zhao Yonggang , Wang Shurong
Published: September 2022

In this study, a simple and reproducible two-step annealing process was demonstrated to prepare Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) thin film with band-gap grading by selenization followed by post-sulfo-selenization (PSS) treatment.
Difunctional Zn-based metal–organic frameworks: chemical conversion of CO2 and luminescence recognition for secnidazole
Authors: Kang Xiaomin , Jiao Zhuohao , Shi Xinlei , Tian Yadong , Liu Zhiliang
Published: September 2022

A difunctional Zn-based metal–organic framework serving as an efficient catalyst for CO2 cycloaddition with aziridines and a luminescent sensor for secnidazole.
Machine learning-accelerated chemistry modeling of protoplanetary disks
Authors: Smirnov-Pinchukov Grigorii V. , Molyarova Tamara , Semenov Dmitry A. , Akimkin Vitaly V. , van Terwisga Sierk , Francheschi Riccardo , Henning Thomas
Published: September 2022

Aims. With the large amount of molecular emission data from (sub)millimeter observatories and incoming James Webb Space Telescope infrared spectroscopy, access to fast forward models of the chemical composition of protoplanetary disks is of paramount importance.

Methods. We used a thermo-chemical modeling code to generate a diverse population of protoplanetary disk models. We trained a K-nearest neighbors (KNN) regressor to instantly predict the chemistry of other disk models.

Results. We show that it is possible to accurately reproduce chemistry using just a small subset of physical conditions, thanks to correlations between the local physical conditions in adopted protoplanetary disk models. We discuss the uncertainties and limitations of this method.

Conclusions. The proposed method can be used for Bayesian fitting of the line emission data to retrieve disk properties from observations. We present a pipeline for reproducing the same approach on other disk chemical model sets.
Applications of reinforcement particles in the fabrication of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites by Friction Stir Processing - A Review
Authors: Adiga Karthik , Herbert Mervin A. , Rao Shrikantha S. , Shettigar Arunkumar
Published: September 2022

Composite materials possess advantages like high strength and stiffness with low density and prove their essentiality in the aviation sector. Aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMC) find applications in automotive, aircraft, and marine industries due to their high specific strength, superior wear resistance, and lower thermal expansion. The fabrication of composites using the liquid phase at high temperature leads to the formation of intermetallics and unwanted phases. Friction Stir Processing (FSP) is a novel technique of composite fabrication, with temperature below the melting point of the matrix, achieving good grain refinement. Many researchers reported enhancement of mechanical, microstructure, and tribological properties of AMMC produced by the FSP route. The FSP parameters such as tool rotational speed, tool traverse speeds are found to be having greater impact on uniform dispersion of particles. It is observed that the properties such as tensile strength, hardness, wear and corrosion resistance, are altered by the FSP processes, and the scale of the alterations is influenced significantly by the processing and tool parameters. The strengthening mechanisms responsible for such alterations are discussed in this paper. Advanced engineering materials like shape memory alloys, high entropy alloys, MAX phase materials and intermetallics as reinforcement material are also discussed. Challenges and opportunities in FSP to manufacture AMMC are summarized, providing great benefit to researchers working on FSP technique.
Neue CT-Generation: photonenzählende
Detektortechnik
Authors: Szigeti Florian , Steinbach Phillip
Published: September 2022

Photonenzählende Detektoren (PZD) sind die aktuellste Entwicklung in der
CT. Die Vorteile im Vergleich zu den klassischen energieintegrierenden
Detektoren (EID) liegen im reduzierten elektronischen Rauschen, der
höheren Ortsauflösung, dem erhöhten
Kontrast-Rausch-Verhältnis und einer besseren Dosiseffizienz.
Zusätzlich kann der Einsatz von Kontrastmitteln reduziert werden. In
diesem Artikel werden die technischen Grundlagen erläutert.
Prüfungsthema: Nerven
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: September 2022

In diesem HPA-Prüfungstrainer beschäftigen sich alle Fragen mit Nerven.
Albumin als Schlüsselmarker
Authors: Grafen Keren
Published: September 2022

Studien zufolge können bereits schwache nichtthermische elektromagnetische Felder die Durchlässigkeit der Blut-Hirn-Schranke verändern. Nach diesen Untersuchungen zeigt sich ein erhöhter Albumineinstrom in das Gehirn bei einem SAR-Wert von nur 10 mW/kg. Ein erhöhter Albumineinstrom in das Gehirn kann zahlreiche Prozesse auslösen, die mitunter zu pathologischen Veränderungen führen können.
Dem Gewitter Ruhe gebieten
Authors: Zimmermann Eliane
Published: September 2022

Die Naturheilkunde kann bei verschiedenen Nervenstörungen hilfreich sein. Dabei kann die Aromatherapie eine Ergänzung durch die topische Behandlung bieten. Ätherische Öle können durch verschiedene Inhaltsstoffe und entsprechende Wirkmechanismen bei Nervenstörungen Beschwerden lindern, zum Beispiel durch das schmerzlindernde Methylsalicylat, aus welchem Wintergrünöl hauptsächlich besteht. Beispielsweise bei neuropathischen Schmerzen, dem Hand-Fuß- Syndrom, Restless-Legs-Syndrom und bei Migräne gibt es hilfreiche unterstützende Konzepte der Aromatherapie, die teilweise auch durch Studien untermauert werden.
Nährstoffe gegen Ataxie und Fatigue
Authors: Noschinski Dirk-Rüdiger
Published: September 2022

Im Anschluss an die Akutbehandlung des Guillain-Barré-Syndroms bietet sich eine gezielte naturheilkundliche, insbesondere orthomolekulare Therapie zur Unterstützung und Sicherung der Remission an. Im vorliegenden Fall ergab die Untersuchung unter anderem chronische Fatigue sowie leichte Gangataxie und laboranalytisch ein Leaky-Gut-Syndrom, eine Weizenallergie sowie einen Vitamin-D- und Mineralstoffmangel. Die Behandlung mit Mineralstoffen, Spurenelementen, Vitamin D, Pregnenolon 1 % Salbe, Probiotika, Osteopathie sowie Glutenverzicht führte zu einer deutlichen Besserung und stellte die Arbeitsfähigkeit des Patienten wieder her.
The Use of the Ilizarov Fixator for the Treatment of Open and Closed Tibial Shaft and Distal Tibial Fractures in Patients with Complex Cases
Authors: Cibura Charlotte , Ull Christopher , Rosteius Thomas , Lotzien Sebastian , Godolias Periklis , Rausch Valentin , Schildhauer Thomas , Kruppa Christiane
Published: September 2022

Introduction Open and closed fractures of the tibial shaft or distal tibia can be challenging for surgeons to treat if the fractures are accompanied by aggravating conditions, such as various accompanying diseases, pronounced soft tissue injuries, osteomyelitis, and/or noncompliance. The aim of this retrospective study was to present our approach and results with the Ilizarov fixator as a treatment option for such individually complex cases. Materials and Methods Between 2005 and 2018, 20 patients were treated with the Ilizarov fixator for fractures of the tibial shaft/distal tibia. The indication for this was a 2nd- to 3rd-degree open fracture in 10 patients, a 1st-degree open fracture in one patient, and closed fractures in 9 patients. Aggravating conditions included soft tissue injuries, osteomyelitis, leg deformities, multiple traumas, smoking, alcohol/drug abuse, and obesity (BMI > 60). In addition to demographic data,
the time of fixator treatment, complications, and the endpoint of consolidation were evaluated retrospectively. Results The mean time of fixator treatment was 29 (range 15–65) weeks. Complete fracture consolidation was achieved in 13 patients (65%) with the Ilizarov fixator. The mean follow-up period after fixator removal was 36 (range 2–186) months in 14 patients. Five patients with complete consolidation were lost to further follow-up. One patient was amputated. In six patients without union, internal osteosynthesis was carried out. Conclusion The use of the Ilizarov fixator is a treatment option for individual high-risk patients with complicating courses but should be seen as a salvage procedure due to the high complication rate and long treatment process.
Effect of Lockdown on Neurosurgery Trauma Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India
Authors: Roy Ashutosh , Jaiswal S. , Bajaj A. , Yadav Awdhesh , Jaiswal M. , Ojha B. K. , Chandra A. , Srivastava C.
Published: September 2022

Background With an increasing number of cases of COVID-19 disease, the Indian government announced a complete lockdown on March 24, 2020, and the country remained under complete lockdown in April 2020. After ramping up health infrastructure and although cases were on the rise, the lockdown was ordered to gradually lift in May 2020.

Methodology It was a retrospective cross-sectional study of all patients admitted to our medical college trauma center in April 2020 and who were compared with April 2019. We studied the prevalence and outcome of road traffic accidents (RTA), assault, and fall from height (FFH) victims admitted to our trauma center. Data were collected using an Excel sheet, and statistical analysis was done using the latest available SSPS software.

Results Our study groups included 124 trauma patients from April 2020 as compared with 322 trauma patients from April 2019. The intense lockdown resulted in a decrease in the number of RTA (−72%), FFH (–29%), and assault patients (–7%). There was no statistically significant change in patients' care and management at our center in terms of mortality and morbidity. No Covid-19-positive neurosurgery trauma patients were admitted in April 2020 to our center.

Conclusion During the stringent lockdown period of April 2020, there was a significant decrease in the number of trauma victims, especially RTAs. The intense lockdown resulted in a significant decrease in the proportion of trauma victims under the influence of alcohol, head injuries, fractures, and dislocations along with a decrease in the number of cases of assaults and FFH as compared with the unlock period.
Contribution of Liénard–Wiechert potential to the broadening of spectral lines by electron collisions in plasmas
Authors: Arif K. , Meftah M. T. , Chenini K. , Douis S. , Ben Nana Y. , Gossa H.
Published: September 2022

In this work, we have calculated the relativistic collision operator representing the line broadening, by collision with free electrons, of isolated lines emitted by hydrogen-like ions (Ly-α line 2p 2P3/2o→1s 2S1/2) of hydrogenic ions FeXXVI, CrXXIV, and CoXXVII in the temperature range of 108 to 5×109 K and electron densities of 1021 to 1026cm−3. To accomplish this task, we have considered the fine structure of these ions and taking into account the relativistic effects related to the free electrons. Specifically, two relativistic effects are considered: the electric field of Liénard–Wiechert, created by the free electron at the emitter ion, and the modification of the hyperbolic trajectory due to the dependent mass on the free electron velocity. The average over the velocities of the free electrons is accomplished by using the Maxwell–Juttner distribution, which is more adequate for the fast (relativistic) electrons. The results are compared to the classical case (when the electric field is the Coulomb's field) to Doppler broadening and to some experimental results (K. Koyama and M. G. Haines) available in the literature. It turns out that, at high temperatures and high densities, the Stark broadening by the relativistic electrons overcomes the Doppler broadening.
Aerodynamic phenomena and drag of a maglev train running dynamically in a vacuum tube
Authors: Bi Haiquan , Wang Zhihua , Wang Honglin , Zhou Yuanlong
Published: September 2022

A maglev train can run at supersonic speed in a vacuum tube, and its transient state makes the airflow around it more complex. Therefore, to assist vacuum tube train studies, a flying model test platform is under construction. Using a model flying at the same speed as a real train, this test platform ensures that the airflow around the model is more consistent with the real state. Based on the test platform, a vacuum tube train model is established. Then, aerodynamic characteristics of the vacuum tube train during the acceleration, uniform motion, and deceleration processes are studied, and the variation of shock waves, choked flow, and aerodynamic drag during each process is analyzed. The results indicate that the aerodynamic drag obtained under the instantaneous startup condition is acceptable, but the aerodynamic phenomena afforded are different from those under the normal startup condition. During the acceleration process, the generation of shock waves causes the aerodynamic drag of each part to take a sudden leap and chokes the flow in front of the train. During a uniform motion process, a normal shock wave generated in front of the choked flow enhances the choked flow, aggravating the aerodynamic drag of the head train. Moreover, the high-pressure region expands to the rear, reducing the pressure drag of the tail train. During the deceleration process, the disappearance of shock waves and expansion waves in the rear causes the aerodynamic drag to suddenly decrease.
Far-field thermal radiation from short-pitch silicon-carbide nanopillar arrays
Authors: Pouria Ramin , Chow Philippe K. , Tiwald Tom , Zare Saman , Edalatpour Sheila
Published: September 2022

Silicon carbide (SiC) supports surface phonons in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum where these modes can be thermally emitted. Additionally, the magnitude, spectrum, and direction of thermal radiation from SiC can be controlled by engineering this material at the sub-wavelength scale. For these reasons, SiC nanopillars are of high interest for thermal-radiation tuning. So far, theoretical and experimental studies of thermal emission from SiC nanopillars have been limited to long-pitch arrays with a microscale interpillar spacing. It is not clear how far-field thermal emission from SiC nanopillars is affected when the interparticle spacing reduces to the nanometer scale, where the near-field interaction between adjacent nanopillars arises and the array becomes zero order. In this Letter, we study physical mechanisms of far-field thermal radiation from zero-order arrays of silicon-carbide nanopillars with a nanoscale interpillar spacing. We show that the increased volume of thermal emitters and thermal radiation of the hybrid waveguide-surface-phonon-polariton mode from zero-order arrays increase the spectral emissivity of silicon carbide to values as large as 1 for a wide range of angles. The enhanced, dispersion-less thermal emission from a zero-order SiC array of nano-frustums with an optimized interspacing of 300 nm is experimentally demonstrated. Our study provides insight into thermal radiation from dense nanostructures and has significant implications for thermal management of electronic devices and energy harvesting applications.
Corrigendum to: Cryptic diversity down under: defining species in the subterranean amphipod genus Nedsia Barnard & Williams, 1995 (Hadzioidea: Eriopisidae) from the Pilbara, Western Australia
Authors: King Rachael A. , Fagan-Jeffries Erinn P. , Bradford Tessa M. , Stringer Danielle N. , Finston Terrie L. , Halse Stuart A. , Eberhard Stefan M. , Humphreys Garth , Humphreys Bill F. , Austin Andrew D. , Cooper Steven J. B.
Published: September 2022

Amphipod crustaceans comprise a significant and enigmatic component of Australian groundwater ecosystems, particularly in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Many amphipod species in the Pilbara, including species in the genus Nedsia Barnard & Williams, 1995, are considered short range endemics, poorly or contentiously defined by taxonomic treatments based on morphology alone and have uncertain distributions as a consequence of this taxonomy. A modern systematic revision of Nedsia is presented here, utilising both molecular and morphological analyses alongside distributional data to delineate species. We describe 13 new species of Nedsia, confirm three existing species and synonymise eight previously described species. Nedsia species are confirmed to be functionally morphologically cryptic, with COI divergences at the 5–20% level. We present comparatively reduced taxonomic descriptions for these cryptic amphipod species in an effort to provide an accelerated pathway for future taxonomic work. The research provides the basis for future environmental impact assessments involving Nedsia species and ongoing monitoring of the groundwater communities these form part of in the resource-rich Pilbara region.
Quantitative prediction and measurement of Piezo's membrane footprint
Authors: Haselwandter Christoph A. , Guo Yusong R. , Fu Ziao , MacKinnon Roderick
Published: September 2022

Piezo proteins are mechanosensitive ion channels that can locally curve the membrane into a dome shape [Y. R. Guo, R. MacKinnon,eLife6, e33660 (2017)]. The curved shape of the Piezo dome is expected to deform the surrounding lipid bilayer membrane into a membrane footprint, which may serve to amplify Piezo’s sensitivity to applied forces [C. A. Haselwandter, R. MacKinnon,eLife7, e41968 (2018)]. If Piezo proteins are embedded in lipid bilayer vesicles, the membrane shape deformations induced by the Piezo dome depend on the vesicle size. We employ here membrane elasticity theory to predict, with no free parameters, the shape of such Piezo vesicles outside the Piezo dome, and show that the predicted vesicle shapes agree quantitatively with the corresponding measured vesicle shapes obtained through cryoelectron tomography, for a range of vesicle sizes [W. Helfrich,Z. Naturforsch. C28, 693–703 (1973)]. On this basis, we explore the coupling between Piezo and membrane shape and demonstrate that the features of the Piezo dome affecting Piezo’s membrane footprint approximately follow a spherical cap geometry. Our work puts into place the foundation for deducing key elastic properties of the Piezo dome from membrane shape measurements and provides a general framework for quantifying how proteins deform bilayer membranes.
Multilingualism, translanguaging and transknowledging
Authors: Heugh Kathleen , French Mei , Arya Vandana , Pham Min , Tudini Vincenza , Billinghurst Necia , Tippett Neil , Chang Li-Ching , Nichols Julie , Viljoen Jeanne-Marie
Published: September 2022

Key findings, analysis and recommendations that have emerged from a research project, ‘Using Human Language Technology to enhance academic integrity, inclusivity, knowledge exchange, student diversity and retention’ at the University of South Australia conducted in 2019 are discussed in this article. The primary purpose of the project was to address some of the challenges and opportunities afforded by increasing student and teacher diversity at a predominantly English-medium Australian university through newly enhanced human language translation technology (HLT) also known as machine translation (MT). This technology is frequently used for the translation of human language, and it falls under the umbrella of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies. From the institution’s perspective, key aims of the project were to contribute to the university’s Digital Learning Strategy priorities and core values embedded in a structural transformation of the university. These include integrity, accountability, diversity, social justice, engagement and collaboration. The researchers’ objectives focussed on multilingual pedagogies using HLT to support knowledge exchange (transknowledging), and translanguaging for all students. These disrupt inequitable hierarchies, and position bi-/multilingual students as valuable resources for monolingual staff and students.
A war triggered by translation
Authors: Wang Yuechen
Published: September 2022

This article studies the impact of Chinese biblical translation on the Taiping Rebellion in China in the nineteenth century. The rebellion built its ideology based on a unique interpretation of the Bible, aiming at overthrowing the Qing government and building a kingdom of heaven in China. The Bible that had inspired the rebellion was later altered, annotated, and became the Taiping Bible, which integrated the political agenda of the rebellion. This research traces such an event of the Chinese translation of the Bible in the nineteenth century, investigates its connection with the rise of the rebellion and analyzes the Taiping Bible. By examining the discrepancies between the Chinese translation of the Bible and the Taiping Bible, this paper explores the role that translation plays in triggering the rebellion and demonstrates the interplay between translation and the socio-cultural environment in China during that period.