bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on the Evolution of Porcine Parvovirus
Authors: Oh Woo-Taek , Kim Ri-Yeon , Nguyen Van-Giap , Chung Hee-Chun , Park Bong-Kyun
Published: July 2017

Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is one of the main causes of porcine reproductive failure. It is important for swine industries to understand the recent trends in PPV evolution. Previous data show that PPV has two genetic lineages originating in Germany. In this study, two more genetic lineages were defined, one of which was distinctly Asian. Additionally, amino acid substitutions in European strains and Asian strains showed distinct differences in several regions of the VP2 gene. The VP1 gene of the recent PPV isolate (T142_South Korea) was identical to that of Kresse strain isolated in the USA in 1985, indicating that modern PPV strains now resemble the original strains (Kresse and NADL-2). In this study, we compared strains isolated in the 20th century to recent isolates and confirmed the trend that modern strains are becoming more similar to previous strains.
The Mechanisms for Within-Host Influenza Virus Control Affect Model-Based Assessment and Prediction of Antiviral Treatment
Authors: Cao Pengxing , McCaw James
Published: July 2017

Models of within-host influenza viral dynamics have contributed to an improved understanding of viral dynamics and antiviral effects over the past decade. Existing models can be classified into two broad types based on the mechanism of viral control: models utilising target cell depletion to limit the progress of infection and models which rely on timely activation of innate and adaptive immune responses to control the infection. In this paper, we compare how two exemplar models based on these different mechanisms behave and investigate how the mechanistic difference affects the assessment and prediction of antiviral treatment. We find that the assumed mechanism for viral control strongly influences the predicted outcomes of treatment. Furthermore, we observe that for the target cell-limited model the assumed drug efficacy strongly influences the predicted treatment outcomes. The area under the viral load curve is identified as the most reliable predictor of drug efficacy, and is robust to model selection. Moreover, with support from previous clinical studies, we suggest that the target cell-limited model is more suitable for modelling in vitro assays or infection in some immunocompromised/immunosuppressed patients while the immune response model is preferred for predicting the infection/antiviral effect in immunocompetent animals/patients.
Accounting for the Assimilative Capacity of Water Systems in Scotland
Authors: Novo Paula
Published: July 2017

A key methodological challenge in understanding the relationship between the economy and the underlying ecosystem base resides in how to account for the ecosystem’s degradation and the decline of associated ecosystem services. In this study, we use information on nutrients and metals concentrations from the Environmental Change Network (ECN) database and the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) for the period 2000–2010 in order to assess the assimilation capacity of water systems. The research covers five upstream sites and 17 downstream sites in northeast Scotland. Our results highlight the relevance of considering a number of pollutants, and suggest that elements such as arsenic, lead and mercury can pose a threat to ecosystems’ sustainability and health. However, little research has been done in terms of their assimilation capacity and their impact on grey water footprint assessments. In addition, the results indicate that background conditions might be relevant when performing sustainability analysis at different spatial scales. The study also poses relevant questions in relation to land management approaches versus traditional ‘end-of-pipe’ water treatment approaches, and the definition of maximum and background concentrations. In this regard, further studies will be required to understand the trade-offs between different ecosystem services depending on how these concentrations are defined.
Airbnb: The Emergence of a New Accommodation Type in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Visser Gustav , Erasmus Inge , Miller Matthew
Published: July 2017

The appearance and expansion of Airbnb as part of the sharing economy have generated a growing debate in tourism scholarship. Within sub-Saharan Africa, South Africa is currently the major focus of Airbnb operations. This article investigates the recent proliferation of Airbnb's accommodation
in Cape Town, South Africa's premier international tourist destination. Responding to changing tourist preferences and dynamic change in readily accessible technologies, Airbnb has found a niche in the tourist accommodation market left vacant by more traditional and formal tourist accommodation
types. Despite its explosive expansion, little is known about this phenomenon in South Africa. This investigation seeks to address the limited scholarship on this tourist accommodation segment in South Africa in the empirical setting of Cape Town. Issues under scrutiny are the spatial and
temporal development of Airbnb in Cape Town and the characteristics of Airbnb providers and guests.
Festival Processes, Innovation, and Locality Response: Evidence From South Africa's Rage Youth Festival
Authors: Harmer Devin , Rogerson Jayne M.
Published: July 2017

One underrepresented theme in the burgeoning literature on festivals relates to the hosting of dedicated youth tourism festivals. Applying a qualitative research methodology, this article investigates festival development processes using the example of the annual Rage youth festival
in South Africa. It is argued that despite their large economic impacts for destinations, youth tourism festivals often are controversial events that are associated with problematic social behavior by revelers. In this case study, several innovations were enacted by festival organizers for
the purposes of control and containment, which potentially allows the local economic benefits to be realized at a minimal social cost. The example of the Rage Festival is instructive in the international context for demonstrating the need to understand innovative festival development processes
at the microscale through a qualitative research approach, which offers fresh insight to complement traditional quantitative analysis of festival expenditure impacts.
Business Tourism in Africa: The Case of Cameroon
Authors: Tichaawa Tembi Maloney
Published: July 2017

Existing debates on tourism development in Africa largely focus on the impacts and dynamics of leisure tourism. This study turns attention to neglected issues around business tourism with specific reference to Cameroon. It critically examines the nature of business tourism in the country
focusing on Cameroon's two major cities, Douala and Yaounde. The analysis is based upon data drawn from a survey of business tourists staying in local hotels as well as semistructure interviews conducted with hotel managers/representatives. The results reveal a differentiated pattern of business
tourism with representation by both domestic and international travelers and formal as well as informal sector business tourists. One distinctive element in the formal economy of business tourists is the group of "bushfallers," which are Cameroonian citizens living abroad but retaining business
interests in the country.
Fixation mechanisms of nanoparticles on substrates by electron beam irradiation
Authors: Morioka Daichi , Nose Tomohiro , Chikuta Taiki , Mitsuishi Kazutaka , Shimojo Masayuki
Published: July 2017

For applications such as the fabrication of plasmonic waveguides we developed a patterning technique to fabricate an array of nanoparticles on a substrate using focused electron beams (Noriki, T.; Abe, S.;.Kajikawa, K.; Shimojo, M. Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1010–1015). This technique consists of three steps: Firstly, nanoparticles are placed over the entire surface of a substrate. Secondly, the nanoparticles are fixed on the substrate by focused electron beam irradiation. The electron beam decomposes the organic molecules located around the particle into amorphous carbon. The amorphous carbon immobilizes the particle on the substrate. Finally, the unfixed nanoparticles are removed. However, in this original technique, the area in which the nanoparticles were fixed was wider than the electron-probe size of a few nanometers. To understand this widening mechanisms, the effects of accelerating voltage, particle size and substrate material are investigated by means of both experiments and simulation. It is demonstrated that the fixing area is greatly affected by the electrons back-scattered by the substrate. The back-scattering leads to an increase in line width and thus reduces the resolution of this patterning technique.
Nursing Practices In Intravenous Therapy In Newborns: An Integrative Review
Authors: Borges Cíntia Lira , Leite Saul Filipe Pedrosa , Alcântara Renata Kelly Lopes de , Cavalcante Maria Lígia Silva Nunes , Rocha Vanelly De Almeida , Vasconcelos Mardênia Gomes Ferreira , Chaves Edna Maria Camelo
Published: July 2017

Objective: to identify the evidence on nursing practices in intravenous therapy in newborns.
Method: integrative review in the PubMed, Scopus and SciELO databases. A total of 150 articles were selected, and after thorough reading, eight studies remained.
Results: Most of the studies were descriptive and cross-sectional (50%), using peripheral venous catheter (62.5%). The years varied between 2006 and 2014. Brazilian studies corresponded to 37.5%.
Conclusion: The main nursing practices were: use of saline solution for catheter clearing; use of larger caliber catheters; use of splints to support the limbs; adequate positioning of the upper limb during radiography for correct confirmation of the positioning of the tip of the peripherally inserted central catheter; management of pain with pharmacological and non-pharmacological actions. Descriptors: Nursing care; Newborn; Peripheral catheterization; Vascular access devices; Evidence-Based Clinical Practice.
Carbon Chain Anions and the Growth of Complex Organic Molecules in Titan’s Ionosphere
Authors: Desai R. T. , Coates A. J. , Wellbrock A. , Vuitton V. , Crary F. J. , González-Caniulef D. , Shebanits O. , Jones G. H. , Lewis G. R. , Waite J. H. , Cordiner M. , Taylor S. A. , Kataria D. O. , Wahlund J.-E. , Edberg N. J. T. , Sittler E. C.
Published: July 2017

Cassini discovered a plethora of neutral and ionized molecules in Titan’s ionosphere including, surprisingly, anions and negatively charged molecules extending up to 13,800 u q−1. In this Letter, we forward model the Cassini electron spectrometer response function to this unexpected ionospheric component to achieve an increased mass resolving capability for negatively charged species observed at Titan altitudes of 950–1300 km. We report on detections consistently centered between 25.8 and 26.0 u q−1 and between 49.0–50.1 u q−1 which are identified as belonging to the carbon chain anions, CN−/C3N− and/or C2H−/C4H−, in agreement with chemical model predictions. At higher ionospheric altitudes, detections at 73–74 u q−1 could be attributed to the further carbon chain anions C5N−/C6H− but at lower altitudes and during further encounters extend over a higher mass/charge range. This, as well as further intermediary anions detected at >100 u, provide the first evidence for efficient anion chemistry in space involving structures other than linear chains. Furthermore, at altitudes below <1100 km, the low-mass anions (<150 u q−1) were found to deplete at a rate proportional to the growth of the larger molecules, a correlation that indicates the anions are tightly coupled to the growth process. This study adds Titan to an increasing list of astrophysical environments where chain anions have been observed and shows that anion chemistry plays a role in the formation of complex organics within a planetary atmosphere as well as in the interstellar medium.
A Case of Alopecia Areata in a Patient with Turner Syndrome
Authors: Gianfaldoni Serena , Tchernev Georgi , Wollina Uwe , Lotti Torello
Published: July 2017

The Authors report a case of alopecia areata totalis in a woman with Turner syndrome.
The Importance of First Aid to Burned Patients: 30 Years of Experience at the Burns Centre in Pisa
Authors: Gianfaldoni Roberto , Gianfaldoni Serena , Lotti Jacopo , Tchernev Georgi , Wollina Uwe , Lotti Torello
Published: July 2017

The first aids to burned patients are fundamental for the evolution of the disease and the success of the next medical care in a Burns Center. In our 30-years experience, we can reassume that they must be provided to limit the cause of thermal damage, to evaluate and correct eventual respiratory or cardiovascular disorders, to find out the possible damage to different organs and the primary care on cutaneous lesions.
Fauna Europaea: Hymenoptera – Symphyta & Ichneumonoidea
Authors: van Achterberg Kees , Taeger Andreas , Blank Stephan , Zwakhals Kees , Viitasaari Matti , Yu Dicky , de Jong Yde
Published: July 2017

Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names (including important synonyms) of all extant European terrestrial and freshwater animals, their geographical distribution at the level of countries and major islands (west of the Urals and excluding the Caucasus region), and some additional information. The Fauna Europaea project comprises about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies, which is much more than the originally projected number of 100,000 species. Fauna Europaea represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many users in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education.

For the Hymenoptera, taxonomic data from one grade (Symphyta) and one Superfamily (Ichneumonoidea), including 15 families and 10,717 species, are included.

Ichneumonoidea is the largest superfamily of Hymenoptera and consisting of two extant families, Ichneumonidae and Braconidae. The costal cell of the fore wing is absent, the fore wing has at least two closed cells, the constriction between the mesosoma (thorax + first abdominal segment or propodeum) and the metasoma (remainder of abdomen) is distinct and the parasitoid larvae usually spin a silken cocoon. Also, the metasoma is ventrally partly desclerotized in the vast majority of ichneumonoids.
Mapping the dependency of crops on pollinators in Belgium
Authors: Jacquemin Floriane , Violle Cyrille , Rasmont Pierre , Dufrêne Marc
Published: July 2017

Because of their pollinating activity, insect pollinators provide an ecosystem service that is essential to ecosystems and our economy. A large majority of the flowering plants we consume depends on it. In turn, the decline in pollinators observed for the last decades in Belgium as in many other European countries threatens agriculture and human well-being.

Here we evaluate the pollination service at a country-wide scale through the estimated value of the contribution of insect pollination to the production used for human consumption in Belgium using crop dependency ratios. We then mapped the vulnerability of crops in the face of pollinator decline at the provincial level.

We show that the part of plant production for human food that we can attribute to the action of insect pollinators represents a value of about 251.6 million euros in 2010 in Belgium. As a result, 11.1 % of total value of Belgian plant production (in terms of fruit quantity and quality) depend on pollinators.

Although the applied method to assess the pollination service estimates only a minimum value of a single aspect of the pollination service, it allows to target the areas of the country where this service is particularly at risk and where it is necessary to define pollinator conservation measures to maintain, and possibly restore current yields.
La médiation numérique : renouvellement et diversification des pratiques
Authors: Prime-Claverie Camille , Mahé Annaïg
Published: July 2017

Cette communication a pour ambition d’étudier les différentes formes de médiations mises en place sur des archives ouvertes en se centrant plus particulièrement sur le processus de dépôt des articles. Elle présente les résultats d’une étude quantitative réalisée à partir du corpus HAL pour la thématique des sciences de la vie sur une période de dix ans. Elle est fondée sur un modèle théorique exposant trois formes de médiation différenciées selon les acteurs concernés par le dépôt. L’objectif de cette recherche est de déterminer dans quelles proportions les logiques mises en œuvre dans ce corpus se rapprochent ou s’éloignent du modèle théorique proposé.
Big Data - Open Data : Quelles valeurs ? Quels enjeux ?
Authors: Jeannin Hélène
Published: July 2017

Les acteurs venus des technologies de l’information, et dont certains sont à l’origine de ces technologies qui façonnent aujourd’hui notre monde (ordinateur personnel, internet, web…) ont depuis les années 1970 défendu vigoureusement à la fois la liberté d’information que ces technologies sont censées faciliter par des logiques de distribution et le refus de toute forme de surveillance, notamment étatique. Le hacker est la figure type de cette revendication. Depuis le milieu des années 2000, un mouvement de plus en plus structuré a émergé pour revendiquer que les données de source publique soient mises à disposition de tous (open data), au nom de la transparence, considérée comme une garantie de qualité démocratique. Ces deux tendances ne sont pas exemptes de contradictions. De fait, au nom de la transparence, elles participent à produire plus d’informations qui sont autant de sources supplémentaires potentielles pour une surveillance, et à ériger des dispositifs sécuritaires de plus en plus performants. Ainsi, l’idéologie de la transparence a-t-elle effectué un glissement subreptice, de l’information vers des corps informatisés, rendant ceux-ci plus visibles et disponibles aux structures de pouvoir.
Big Data - Open Data : Quelles valeurs ? Quels enjeux ?
Authors: Turki Slim , Foulonneau Muriel , Turki Slim
Published: July 2017

Malgré la masse des données disponibles, le nombre de services créés à partir des données ouvertes reste relativement marginal ; le nombre de services qui parviennent à la viabilité et la pérennité l’est encore plus. Les modèles économiques sous-jacents aux services basés sur les données ouvertes restent balbutiants. Cet article propose d’explorer l’écosystème sous-jacent à la publication et à la valorisation des données ouvertes et de dresser son réseau de valeurs. Il identifie les acteurs susceptibles de valoriser les données ouvertes, ainsi que les critères auxquels ils doivent être vigilants pour assurer la viabilité et la pérennité des services basés sur ces données.
Big Data - Open Data : Quelles valeurs ? Quels enjeux ?
Authors: Lrhoul Hanae , Chartron Ghislaine , Bachr Ahmed , Benammar Othman
Published: July 2017

Cette étude vise à présenter une cartographie des publications de la Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie-Casablanca et de son évolution à travers le temps 1980-2013. Nous avons utilisé le logiciel Gephi, un outil de « datavisualisation » pour une meilleure représentation et analyse des indicateurs bibliométriques : évolution de la production médicale, les sources de publications des chercheurs et leurs réseaux de collaboration nationale et internationale. Dans la dernière partie, l’analyse des cartes des sciences offrira une vue globale sur la structure sociale de la recherche médicale (les communautés de chercheurs et leurs réseaux de collaboration)
Big Data - Open Data : Quelles valeurs ? Quels enjeux ?
Authors: Gruttemeier Herbert
Published: July 2017

Les données de la recherche, sous forme d’objets numériques très divers, sont en train de trouver leur place dans les services d’information scientifique et technique (IST), principalement – mais pas uniquement – comme compléments des publications qui s’appuient sur ces données. L’intégration de différents types de ressources numériques avance, et doit être accompagnée par des standards d’interopérabilité, des formats communs de métadonnées et des possibilités de lier ces contenus entre eux et de les citer de manière normalisée. Le consortium international DataCite, dans lequel l’Inist-CNRS représente la France, s’est mis comme objectif de de soutenir et accélérer cette évolution. Il opère en particulier comme une agence d’enregistrement de DOI ( Digital Object Identifier ), considérant ces DOI, déjà bien établis dans le monde de l’édition, comme un outil efficace pour identifier les données de manière pérenne, pour ainsi faciliter leur découverte et pour y accéder, et puis pour les citer. DataCite a développé son propre schéma de métadonnées et mis en place des fonctionnalités spécifiques qui favorisent le partage et la réutilisation des données. Une telle valorisation s’inscrit en particulier dans une approche de pleinement bénéficier du potentiel des open data. Elle est aussi une contribution essentielle à une meilleure reconnaissance du travail scientifique de production, gestion et mise à disposition de données, et notamment sa prise en compte dans les critères d’évaluation. Il est d’ailleurs encourageant de voir que ces critères se s’ouvrent à des métriques alternatives, y compris celles concernant les données. Le sujet particulier de la citation des données a récemment été l’objet de plusieurs initiatives internationales visant à harmoniser les pratiques et émettre des recommandations. Elles ont convergé, à travers le Data Citation Synthesis Group , vers quelques principes en train d’être largement reconnus et acceptés. Dans ce contexte, les éditeurs doivent s’adapter et clairement définir leurs politiques en termes de liens entre données et publications. On observe d’ailleurs une tendance forte vers des accords entre éditeurs et réservoirs de données. Les actions et services de DataCite s’intègrent dans d’autres structures et initiatives internationales mises en place autour des données de la recherche et des identifiants pérennes : Research Data Alliance, WDSICSU, CODATA, EPIC, Data Citation Index, etc. Un exemple particulier présente le projet européen ODIN, où DataCite et l’initiative ORCID pour la création d’identifiants d’auteurs tentent de connecter les différents types d’identifiants.
Big Data - Open Data : Quelles valeurs ? Quels enjeux ?
Authors: Sbihi Boubker , Belghit Imad , Elhail Badr , Gouarti Rachid
Published: July 2017

Quels seraient les éléments constitutifs pertinents d’une stratégie pédagogique à même d’améliorer l’apprentissage en ligne et de renouveler la relation apprenant-enseignant ? L’objectif de notre article est de proposer une stratégie pédagogique basée dans ses deux premières phases sur le mixage des deux approches traditionnelles d’apprentissage, transmissible dans la première et constructive dans la suivante, puis redressée dans la troisième et dernière phase par les différentes décisions issues des données du Big Data produites par les activités en ligne et les comportements des apprenants durant plusieurs sessions de formation. On sera ainsi en mesure de dégager une liste de bonnes pratiques dans le but d’améliorer le E-learning collaboratif. Dans ce contexte, on procédera à l’élaboration d’un certain nombre d’indicateurs de performance qui constitueront notre outil de contrôle basé sur l’analyse des fonds pour surveiller la formation et agir au moment opportun. L’analyse que l’on compte redresser par l’approche Big Data est basée sur une fouille détaillée des données et des indicateurs produits pendant une séance de formation en ligne, à savoir : le nombre de participants, le délai de connexion, le nombre de participations (questions/réponse), la pertinence des participations (notation par les acteurs), la vitesse et la cadence des participations, la note de l’évaluation par l’enseignant, l’évaluation des apprenants du déroulement de la formation en plus de l’historique et des statistiques sur les séances de formation décortiquées afin d’adapter les contenus au niveau du fond et de la forme pour parfaire la relation apprenant-enseignant. Le but est d’améliorer le processus d’apprentissage tout en ayant la possibilité d’intervenir au bon moment selon une pédagogie différenciée qui permet de maximiser le rendement et de minimiser les taux d’abandons.
Between Civil and Religious Law
Authors: Lustenberger Sibylle
Published: July 2017

Entre loi civile et loi religieuse. Comment les couples homosexuels deviennent parents en Israël Cet article analyse la façon dont les couples gays et lesbiens deviennent parents grâce à un don de sperme ou en pratiquant une gpa hors des frontières. Ces couples et les autorités publiques explorent l’espace que la législation familiale israélienne leur ouvre. Ce faisant, ils dévoilent non seulement les contradictions et les tensions des politiques de reproduction, mais modèlent aussi activement les relations entre la loi civile et la loi juive.
Accidents and Emergency Response in the Arctic Sea
Authors: Basharat Salma , Oien Knut
Published: July 2017

Exploration and production of oil and gas in the Arctic Sea is challenging due to the harsh weather conditions, remote location and lack of infrastructure. This can lead to insufficient handling of accidents with respect to emergency response. One way to face this challenge is to systematically analyse and learn from past accidents in the Arctic Sea in order to improve emergency preparedness and response. The analysis of past accidents is based on structuring of emergency preparedness and categorization of accidents as described in the NORSOK Z-013 standard, and also in regulations. Emergency preparedness is structured in five phases and accidents are categorized in a list of Defined Situations of Hazard and Accident (DSHA). One important finding from the analysis of past accidents is the impediment of the emergency operations due to harsh weather conditions of the Arctic Sea. This calls for due consideration of the adequacy of the emergency operations and their effectiveness in the harsh and challenging environment of the Arctic Sea in future operations. For efficient and successful emergency operations, information about meteorological data, increases situational awareness, improved emergency preparedness tools, improved electronic navigation charts and status to/from fairway objects will be required. A systematic analysis of past accidents in the Arctic Sea in order to provide a knowledge base with respect to emergency preparedness and response, focusing on the various phases and types of accidents, has not been conducted previously. This knowledge base should be continuously updated and shared by all actors taking part in oil and gas exploration and development in the Arctic Sea.
‘When he’s up there he’s just happy and content’: Parents’ perceptions of therapeutic horseback riding
Authors: Boyd Lauren , Le Roux Marieanna
Published: July 2017

Background: There is limited global and South African research on parents’ perceptions of therapeutic horseback riding (THR), as well as their perceptions of the effect of the activity on their children with disabilities.Objective: To explore and describe parents’ perceptions and experiences of THR as an activity for their children with disabilities.Method: Twelve parents whose children attend THR lessons at the South African Riding for the Disabled Association in Cape Town were asked to participate in a semi-structured interview. The qualitative data obtained from the interviews were first transcribed and then analysed using thematic analysis to establish parents’ perceptions of the THR activity.Results: The main themes that emerged included parental perceived effects of THR on children, parents’ personal experiences of the services, and parents’ perceived reasons for improvements in the children. The participating parents indicated that THR had had a positive psychological, social and physical effect both on the children participating in the riding, as well as on the parents themselves.Conclusion: According to parents, THR plays an important role in the lives of children with various disabilities and in the lives of their parents. The results of the study address the gap in the literature regarding parents’ perceptions of THR.
Die riglyn vir Christen etiek: Galasiërs 6:2 onder die loep
Authors: De Koning Jacobus
Published: July 2017

The guideline for Christian ethics: Galatians 6:2 under scrutiny. In this article, the following question is addressed: What is the guideline for Christian ethics under the New Testament dispensation? The article reasons that the Torah can no longer be the guideline for Christian ethics. Galatians 6:2 is scrutinised as the focal point for this reflection. This is done with reference to the Jesus tradition in Paul, the rabbinic tradition and Matthew 5, as well as the use of Galatians 6:11–18 as hermeneutical key to the understanding of Galatians. It is clearly shown that Galatians 6:2 teaches that Christ the crucified now replaces the entire Torah. Therefore it is not surprising that Paul applies the term ‘Israel of God’ (τὸν Ἰσραὴλ τοῦ θεοῦ; Gal 6:16) to the community of those who are in Christ and wherein the Torah finds its fulfilment. This insight from Galatians 6 is then used as the point of departure for remarks about ethics and ethical preaching which should characterise ‘being church’ for reformed Christians in general and specifically in South Africa. In this article ethics under the Old Testament dispensation is explored as well as the difference that came into force under the New Testament dispensation. For the church in South Africa who finds herself in a society plagued by racial hatred, xenophobia and suspicion, living the law of Christ is non-negotiable if one wants to see healing in this country. Accordingly, an adjustment in the liturgy of some mainstream churches in South Africa is a given when the law of Christ becomes the guideline for the Christian’s ethical behaviour.
Stigma and discrimination within the Ethiopian health care settings: Views of inpatients living with human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Authors: Wodajo Befekadu S. , Thupayagale-Tshweneagae Gloria , Akpor Oluwaseyi A.
Published: July 2017

Background: Stigma and discrimination attached to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been recognised as a major obstacle to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support throughout the world. Stigma and discrimination are more devastating when they occur in health care settings where it is least expected.Aim: To explore the factors attributable to stigma and discrimination of people living with HIV in two Ethiopian rural hospitals on what they thought of health care professionals (HCPs) attending to them.Methods: A qualitative exploratory approach was used. Data collection was by means of audio-taped interview and Tesch’s content analysis approach was used. The sample size for this study was determined by saturation of data and consisted of 16 participants who were people living with HIV admitted as inpatients to the two selected hospitals in Amhara region of Ethiopia.Results: Participants’ views were grouped into: fear of contact, delay of services, substandard services, denial of care, impoliteness of health care providers, breach of confidentiality and poor patient follow-up for persons infected with HIV.Conclusion: The health care settings have been recognised as one of the contexts where HIV and AIDS-related stigmatisation and discrimination can occur. Hospital policies and institutional support should be tailored to embrace people living with HIV as the provision of institutional support is imperative in creating a good working environment and improving the commitment of HCPs so as to enable them to provide holistic care for people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) without discrimination.
Quality of life and physical activity among older adults living in institutions compared to the community
Authors: Ramocha Lesego M. , Louw Quinette A. , Tshabalala Muziwakhe D.
Published: July 2017

Background: The environment of older adults plays an important role in their well-being. It influences their quality of life and physical activity level. In South Africa, there is a dearth of literature concerning this issue.Methods: An analytic cross-sectional sample of 80 older adults living in old age homes and the community was compared in terms of level of physical activity and quality of life. The study was conducted in Soweto, Johannesburg. A computer-generated random sample of older adults aged 60 years and above participated. The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) and RAND 36 questionnaires were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample. Unpaired t-tests, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and chi-squared test explored the differences and associations between institutionalised and community living older adults.Results: Quality of life in old age home dwellers (M = 68.53 ± 19.55) was significantly lower (p = 0.025) than in community dwellers (M = 77.74 ± 16.25). The mean physical activity score was also significantly (p = 0.000) lower in old age home dwellers (M = 20.18 ± 24.52) compared with community dwellers (M = 190.31 ± 82.81).Conclusion: Older adults who live in the community have a higher quality of life and physical activity levels compared with those who live in institutions (old age homes).
Conversion of Provider EMR Training from Instructor-Led Training to eLearning at an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Sharp Karen , Williams Michele , Bogacz Adrienne , Denier Sighle , McAlearney Ann S. , Aldrich Alison
Published: July 2017

This case study overviews the conversion of provider training of the electronic medical record (EMR) from an instructor-led training (ILT) program to eLearning at an Academic Medical Center (AMC). This conversion provided us with both a useful training tool and the opportunity to maximize efficiency within both our training and optimization team and organization. eLearning Development Principles were created and served as a guide to assist us with designing an eLearning curriculum using a five step process. The result was a new training approach that allowed learners to complete training at their own pace, and even test out of sections based on demonstrated competency. The information we have leads us to believe that a substantial return on our investment can be obtained from the conversion with positive impacts that have served as the foundation for the future of end user EMR training at our AMC.

Citation: Sharp K, Williams M, Aldrich A, Bogacz A, Denier S, McAlearney AS. Conversion of Provider EMR Training from Instructor Led Training to eLearning at an Academic Medical Center. Appl Clin Inform 2017; 8: 754–762 https://doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2017-03-CR-0040
Digital heritage training for historians in Europe: a local proposal
Authors: Ruiz Gil José-Antonio
Published: July 2017

This paper presents a proposal for the use of digital resources to improve the university curriculum for historians in particular and heritage managers in general. It is possible to develop the sector, providing more employment and promoting theoretical and methodological changes conducive to mutual progress. To achieve this, the proposal takes into account the recent legal reforms in education and within the European Digital Single Market. However, although such changes are possible given that there is already extensive experience in heritage digitisation, they are hindered by the current curricula content and slow implementation of competency-based education. The desk research reported here focused on a Spanish context that could benefit from curriculum development implemented elsewhere, and the resulting proposal for positive action was explored in the context of history and heritage education at the University of Cadiz.
Modelado 3D del Cementerio de la misión salesiana Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria (Río Grande, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina)
Authors: Salerno Melisa A. , Hereñú Daniel , Rigone Romina C. , Guichón Ricardo A.
Published: July 2017

The Salesian mission Nuestra Señora de La Candelaria operated between the late 19th and the mid-20th centuries in Río Grande (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina). Its cemetery still holds the remains of indigenous and religious people who lived in the institution, and settlers who lived nearby. For some years, the place has received the attention of a research project interested in discussing the dynamics of colonial relationships in Tierra del Fuego. The cemetery has a long history of changes, and even though it was declared part of the national and provincial heritage, its preservation conditions are relatively poor. In this article we present the work carried out to produce a 3D model of the cemetery, combining information obtained by planialtimetric and photographic survey. The result represents a detailed and photorealistic record of the materiality of the cemetery at present. Therefore, it does not only provide a relevant tool to colaborate in the promotion and protection of the archaeological heritage. It also provides a platform for future 3D modelling of historical images of the cemetery, with different research goals.
Uso combinado de la fotografía digital nocturna y de la fotogrametría en los procesos de documentación de petroglifos: el caso de Alcázar de San Juan (Ciudad Real, España)
Authors: López-Menchero Bendicho Víctor Manuel , Marchante Ortega Ángel , Vincent Matthew , Cárdenas Martín-Buitrago Ángel Javier , Onrubia Pintado Jorge
Published: July 2017

For decades, the documentation of rock art has been the backbone of the research on this cultural practice. However, traditional techniques used for this purpose have proved to be imprecise and subjective. With the advent of the digital age there has been a revolution in the field of rock art documentation in general and in particular for petroglyphs. Techniques such as digital nightlight photography or three-dimensional (3D) photogrammetry have opened a world of possibilities. In the case of nightlight photography, its use goes back to the second half of the 20th century. However, in recent years the emergence of high-power digital cameras along with new lighting systems unthinkable decades ago, such as tactical flashlights, have rejuvenated a technique that seems incombustible. After the numerous tests carried out by the DIPAR (Integral Rock Art Documentation System) project team, it has become evident that, correctly employed, this technique still has immense potential in the field of rock art documentation, especially if we take into consideration its low cost and ease of use. Photogrammetry, on the other hand, is shown as the perfect complement to the records obtained through digital nightlight photography. The possibility of applying filters or shaders that increase the visibility of the digitized petroglyphs, within a metric scheme, is a great advance in their documentation. This paper explores the advantages associated with these techniques with a case study: unpublished petroglyphs of Alcázar de San Juan (Spain).
Entorno 3D para el análisis y la recreación virtual de las actuaciones arqueológicas en Cueva de la Cocina (Dos Aguas, Valencia, España)
Authors: Diez  Castillo Agustín , Cortell Nicolau Alfredo , García Puchol Oreto , Escribá Ruiz Pilar
Published: July 2017

In this paper we present our procedure for digitising fieldwork information on the fly (data management), and its combination with the virtual reconstruction of the stratigraphy (virtualisation), of the Cueva de la Cocina site in Dos Aguas (Valencia, Spain). The main tool for the Geographic Information System (GIS) implementation has been OpenJUMP, whilst for the three-dimensional (3D) recreation of the cave virtual environment MeshLab, ParaView, CloudCompare and R open software have been used. According to the data recovered during the two last field seasons at the cave -2015 and 2016-, we present the current state of the stratigraphy virtualisation in the excavated sectors. We also provide not only a general view of the cave, but also different points of view to incorporate distinct geomatics tools into archaeological research. The computer treatment of the data collected in the field provides a better understanding of their spatial relations; which in turn facilitates its analysis and interpretation as well as the realisation of virtual profiles. In the same way, the differences in the frequency of materials belonging to adjacent and/or superimposed stratigraphical units, as well as the total quantities, volumetry and density of the artefacts, with respect to their own stratigraphical unit, or even the whole excavated area, can also be analysed. The combination of both approaches -data management and virtualisation- allows us to integrate geographic information technologies in the daily life of the Mesolithic and Neolithic communities, of which the virtual reconstruction of the different test pits carried out in Cueva de la Cocina constitutes a perfect example.
Power plant fuel switching and air quality in a tropical, forested environment
Authors: Medeiros Adan S. S. , Calderaro Gisele , Guimarães Patricia C. , Magalhaes Mateus R. , Morais Marcos V. B. , Rafee Sameh A. A. , Ribeiro Igor O. , Andreoli Rita V. , Martins Jorge A. , Martins Leila D. , Martin Scot T. , Souza Rodrigo A. F.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. How a changing energy matrix for electricity production affects air quality is considered for an urban region in a tropical, forested environment. Manaus, the largest city in the central Amazon Basin of Brazil, is in the process of changing its energy matrix for electricity production from fuel oil and diesel to natural gas over an approximately 10-year period, with a minor contribution by hydropower. Three scenarios of urban air quality, specifically afternoon ozone concentrations, were simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-Chem) model. The first scenario used fuel oil and diesel for electricity production, which was the reality in 2008. The second scenario was based on the fuel mix from 2014, the most current year for which data were available. The third scenario considered nearly complete use of natural gas for electricity production, which is the anticipated future, possibly for 2018. For each case, inventories of anthropogenic emissions were based on electricity generation, refinery operations, and transportation. Transportation and refinery operations were held constant across the three scenarios to focus on effects of power plant fuel switching in a tropical context. The simulated NOx and CO emissions for the urban region decrease by 89 and 55 %, respectively, after the complete change in the energy matrix. The results of the simulations indicate that a change to natural gas significantly decreases maximum afternoon ozone concentrations over the population center, reducing ozone by > 70 % for the most polluted days. The sensitivity of ozone concentrations to the fuel switchover is consistent with a NOx-limited regime, as expected for a tropical forest having high emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds, high water vapor concentrations, and abundant solar radiation. There are key differences in a shifting energy matrix in a tropical, forested environment compared to other world environments. Policies favoring the burning of natural gas in place of fuel oil and diesel have great potential for ozone reduction and improved air quality for growing urban regions located in tropical, forested environments around the world.
Global sensitivity analysis of GEOS-Chem modeled ozone and
hydrogen oxides during the INTEX campaigns
Authors: Christian Kenneth E. , Brune William H. , Mao Jingqiu , Ren Xinrong
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Making sense of modeled atmospheric composition requires not just comparison to in situ measurements, but also knowing and quantifying the sensitivity of the model to its input factors. Using a global sensitivity method involving the simultaneous perturbation of many chemical transport model input factors, we find the model uncertainty for ozone (O3), hydroxyl radical (OH), and hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) mixing ratios and apportion this uncertainty to specific model inputs for the DC-8 flight tracks corresponding to the NASA INTEX campaigns of 2004 and 2006. In general, when uncertainties in modeled and measured quantities are accounted for, we find agreement between modeled and measured oxidant mixing ratios with the exception of ozone during the Houston flights of the INTEX-B campaign and HO2 for the flights over the northernmost Pacific Ocean during INTEX-B. For ozone and OH, modeled mixing ratios were most sensitive to a bevy of emissions, notably lightning NOx, various surface NOx sources, and isoprene. HO2 mixing ratios were most sensitive to CO and isoprene emissions as well as the aerosol uptake of HO2. With ozone and OH being generally over predicted by the model, we find better agreement between modeled and measured vertical profiles when reducing NOx emissions from surface as well as lightning sources.
Soil trace gas fluxes along orthogonal precipitation and soil fertility gradients in tropical lowland forests of Panama
Authors: Matson Amanda L. , Corre Marife D. , Langs Kerstin , Veldkamp Edzo
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Tropical lowland forest soils are significant sources and sinks of trace gases. In order to model soil trace gas flux for future climate scenarios, it is necessary to be able to predict changes in soil trace gas fluxes along natural gradients of soil fertility and climatic characteristics. We quantified trace gas fluxes in lowland forest soils at five locations in Panama, which encompassed orthogonal precipitation and soil fertility gradients. Soil trace gas fluxes were measured monthly for 1 (NO) or 2 (CO2, CH4, N2O) years (2010–2012) using vented dynamic (for NO only) or static chambers with permanent bases. Across the five sites, annual fluxes ranged from 8.0 to 10.2 Mg CO2-C, −2.0 to −0.3 kg CH4-C, 0.4 to 1.3 kg N2O-N and −0.82 to −0.03 kg NO-N ha−1 yr−1. Soil CO2 emissions did not differ across sites, but they did exhibit clear seasonal differences and a parabolic pattern with soil moisture across sites. All sites were CH4 sinks; within-site fluxes were largely controlled by soil moisture, whereas fluxes across sites were positively correlated with an integrated index of soil fertility. Soil N2O fluxes were low throughout the measurement years, but the highest emissions occurred at a mid-precipitation site with high soil N availability. Net negative NO fluxes at the soil surface occurred at all sites, with the most negative fluxes at the low-precipitation site closest to Panama City; this was likely due to high ambient NO concentrations from anthropogenic sources. Our study highlights the importance of both short-term (climatic) and long-term (soil and site characteristics) factors in predicting soil trace gas fluxes.