bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METODOLOGIA ATIVA NO PROCESSO DE ENSINO APRENDIZAGEM DOS PROFISSIONAIS DE SA�DE
Authors: Machado Andreia De Bem , Peixoto Quaresma Fernando Rodrigues
Published: April 2019

A inova��o passou a fazer parte da sociedade contempor�nea com novas metodologias no fazer pedag�gico do docente na �rea da s�ude. A forma��o do profissional dessa �rea amplia-se para uma vis�o integral do homem. Sendo assim, o objetivo desse artigo � identificar as intersec��es das metodologias ativas no processo de ensino aprendizagem na forma��o dos profissionais de sa�de. Para tanto se realizou a an�lise bibliom�trica, a partir de uma busca sistem�tica na base de dados Scopus. Como resultado, identificou-se que a pesquisa emerge no campo da medicina intersectando as discuss�es na �rea de ci�ncias sociais, farmacologia, toxicologia e Farmac�utica.
Wildlife population, structure and reproduction based on hunters’ returns to a bush meat market in Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria
Authors: Yisau Muideen Alade , Osunsina Israel Oluyinka Oloyede , Onadeko Samuel Akinyele
Published: April 2019

Assessment of the population structure and reproductive status based on hunters’ returns to bush meat market were carried out in Ogun state, Nigeria. Information on animal species was collected before they are dissected or processed; names of species, age class, sex, weight and sources. After dissection, its reproductive status viz number of foetus and stages of development were observed. The data collected covered a period of three months. The result from the study showed that nine hundred and eighty-nine animals were returned by hunters to the market within the period. The highest hunters’ returns occurred at week four while the highest returns were also during the first four weeks. Canerat (Thryonomys swinderianus) and Maxwell duiker (Cephalophus maxwelli) were animals with the highest frequency returned. The result shows that 342 fetuses were recorded from all the species. The highest of fetuses was from Cane rat and Maxwell duiker. Seven orders of mammals were discovered in the population and rodentia had the highest percentage followed by artiodactyla. In terms of sex structure of the wild animal returned, female had the highest population (558) than male which has 431 animals. Also, for the age class structure, the adult had the highest frequency and percent than the sub-adult and juvenile. The patterns of returns by hunters from various sources showed that the highest animal return was from Tibo (157) and the least from Oba (8). The highest mean weight of animals returned was 19.0±0.00kg and the least mean weight of animal was 0.46±0.22kg. It is therefore, recommended that wildlife resources should be treated as an asset to be conserved, managed and given emphasis in land management for the benefit of all humanity. Vigorous efforts towards checking indiscriminate hunting of animals of all sexes and reproductive conditions must be pursued.
Some DADNE Embedded Push-Pull Type Structures - A DFT Study
Authors: Türker Lemi
Published: April 2019

In the present study, some diaminodinitroethylene, (geminal (FOX-7) and cis-DADNE) embedded isomeric structures (C4H2N4O6) are considered. They are consisted of a five or a six-membered ring having DADNE moiety (linked across the amino groups of DADNE) and two exocyclic keto groups. The structures have been subjected to density functional treatment at the levels of B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) and ωB97X-D/6-31G(d,p). Some geometrical, quantum chemical, spectral and thermodynamic properties are obtained and discussed. Also bond dissociation energies for the scission of C-NO2 bonds are calculated at the level of UB3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) and found that the DADNE embedded structures have less stable C-NO2 bond as compared to FOX-7.
OY HAKKINDA İMTİYAZLI PAY GRUBUNUN YÖNETİM KURULUNDA TEMSİL EDİLME HAKKI
Authors: AYTUĞAR Bilge
Published: April 2019

Oy hakkında imtiyazlı paylar, şirket sermayesi içerisinde ayrı bir “pay grubu” oluşturmaları nedeniyle şirketin esas sözleşmesi ile tanınması durumunda, yönetim kurulunda temsil

edilme imtiyazından yararlanabilecektir. Buna karşılık söz konusu hakkın, gerçekten imtiyaz

teşkil edip etmediği, oy hakkında imtiyazlı payların genel kurulda oy çoğunluğuna sahip olup

olmamaları açısından farklı değerlendirme yapmamıza neden olabilmektedir. Bu tespitten hareketle yönetim kurulunda temsil edilme hakkında imtiyazın, sermaye içerisindeki farklı pay

gruplarına ya da azınlık pay sahiplerine esas sözleşme ile tanınması durumunda, şirkette bulunan oy hakkında imtiyazlı pay gruplarının ayrıca özel kurul onayının aranıp aranmayacağı

sorunu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Yönetim kuruluna oy hakkında imtiyazlı pay grubunun temsilcisi

olarak seçilen kişinin, bu pay grubu ile olan hukuki ilişkisi ve sorumluluğu konularının da

netleştirilmesi, bu çalışmanın temel amaçları arasındadır
İNFAZ KURUMLARINDAKİ HÜKÜMLÜ SAYISINDAKİ ARTIŞ SORUNU VE ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİSİ
Authors: ÖZGENÇ İzzet , BAYRAKTARLI İhsan Yılmaz
Published: April 2019

Türkiye’de ceza infaz kurumlarında bulunan hükümlü sayısındaki artış, süreklilik arz

eden bir soruna dönüşmüştür. Bu sorunun çözümü için, zaman zaman değişik adlarla çeşitli

kanuni düzenlemeler yapılmış ise de, bu düzenlemelerin mahiyeti itibarıyla geçici olması ve

sorunu bilimsel olarak ele alan bir yaklaşımın ürünü olmaması sebebiyle, sorun aktüalitesini

hiç yitirmemiştir. Çalışmada, infaz kurumlarının kapasitesi ve doluluk durumu ile ilgili istatistiki

bilgileri karşılaştırmalı olarak bir değerlendirmeye tabi tutmak gerekmiştir. Kalıca bir çözüm

için, Türk ceza hukukunda suç karşılığında öngörülen yaptırımların infaz rejimlerinin bir

bütün olarak ele alınıp yeniden düzenlenmesi gerekmektedir. Mevzuatımızda, infaz aşamasında

ve hatta hüküm kesinleştikten sonra hükümlünün etkin pişmanlıktan yararlanılabilmesini ve

özellikle hükümlü ile mağdurun barışmasını sağlayacak yollar tamamen kapalı tutulmuştur.

Oysa infaz aşamasında da bu yolların açık tutulması gerekmektedir
İDARENİN SORUMLULUĞUNUN ORTAYA ÇIKIŞI VE TEMELİ
Authors: EROĞLU DURKAL Müzeyyen
Published: April 2019

İdarenin sorumluluğu, idarenin işlem ve eylemleri ile kişilere verdiği zararın, idarece

tazmin edilmesidir. Söz konusu tazminat sorumluluğu, hizmet kusuru ve kusursuz sorumluluk

esaslarına dayanmaktadır. Tarihsel süreç içerisinde önemli bir yere sahip olan idarenin sorumluluğunun, devlet faaliyetlerinin her geçen gün gerek nitelik gerekse nicelik olarak artmasıyla

birlikte, önemi artarak devam etmektedir. Günümüzde idarenin sorumluluğu, bütün uygar ülkelerce kabul edilmektedir. Ancak idarenin, faaliyetleri nedeniyle ortaya çıkan zararları neden

tazmin etmesi gerektiğinin hukuki gerekçesi bir başka ifadeyle, bu sorumluluğun temeli konusunda hukukumuzda farklı görüşler ileri sürülmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, idarenin sorumluluğunun mukayeseli hukuktaki ve iç hukukumuzdaki ortaya çıkış sürecini inceleyerek, söz konusu

sorumluluğun temeli konusunda sonuca varmaya çalışmaktır. Bu amaçla mukayeseli hukukta,

Kara Avrupası Hukuk Sisteminde yer alan başta Fransa olmak üzere Almanya ve İsviçre ele

alınmış, bu ülkelerde idarenin sorumluluğunun, hangi gerekçelerle ortaya çıktığına kısaca değinilmiş, ardından ülkemizdeki ortaya çıkış seyri incelenerek, bilimsel içtihatlar ve Danıştay

içtihatları irdelenmek suretiyle söz konusu sorumluluğun temeli konusunda bir kanaate ulaşmak hedeflenmiştir.
Fabrication of silver nanoisland films by pulsed laser deposition for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Budner Bogusław , Kuźma Mariusz , Nasiłowska Barbara , Bartosewicz Bartosz , Liszewska Malwina , Jankiewicz Bartłomiej J
Published: April 2019

The results of studies on the fabrication and characterization of silver nanoisland films (SNIFs) using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and the evaluation of these films as potential surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates are reported. The SNIFs with thicknesses in a range of 4.7 ± 0.2 nm to 143.2 ± 0.2 nm were deposited under different conditions on silicon substrates. Size and morphology of the fabricated silver nanoislands mainly depend on the substrate temperature, and number and energy of the laser pulses. SERS properties of the fabricated films were evaluated by measuring SERS spectra of para-mercaptoaniline (pMA) molecules adsorbed on them. SERS enhancement factors are shown to depend on the SNIF morphology, which is modified by changes of the deposition conditions. The highest enhancement factor in the range of 105 was achieved for SNIFs that have oval and circular silver nanoislands with small distances between them.
An anomalous addition of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate to a carbonyl group: the synthesis of ((3aS,7aR,E)-2-ethyl-3-oxo-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-isoindol-1-ylidene)sulfamoyl chloride
Authors: Köse Aytekin , Ünal Aslı , Şahin Ertan , Bozkaya Uğur , Kara Yunus
Published: April 2019

In this study, we developed a new addition reaction of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI), starting from 2-ethyl-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione. The addition reaction of CSI with 2-ethyl-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione resulted in the formation of ylidenesulfamoyl chloride, whose exact configuration was determined by X-ray crystal analysis. We explain the mechanism of product formation supported by theoretical calculations.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of immunostimulating mannosylated desmuramyl peptides
Authors: Ribić Rosana , Stojković Ranko , Milković Lidija , Antica Mariastefania , Cigler Marko , Tomić Srđanka
Published: April 2019

Muramyl dipeptide is the minimal structure of peptidoglycan with adjuvant properties. Replacement of the N-acetylmuramyl moiety and increase of lipophilicity are important approaches in the preparation of muramyl dipeptide analogues with improved pharmacological properties. Mannose receptors present on immunocompetent cells are pattern-recognition receptors and by mannose ligands binding they affect the immune system. Here we present design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel mannosylated desmuramyl peptide derivatives. Mannose was coupled to dipeptide containing lipophilic adamantane on N- or C-terminus through glycolyl or hydroxyisobutyryl linker. Adjuvant activities of synthesized compounds were investigated in the mouse model using ovalbumin as an antigen. Their activities were compared to the previously described mannosylated adamantane-containing desmuramyl peptide and peptidoglycan monomer. Tested compounds exhibited adjuvant activity and the strongest enhancement of IgG production was stimulated by the compound 21 (Man-OCH2-D-(1-Ad)Gly-L-Ala-D-isoGln).
Discovery of a Third Transiting Planet in the Kepler-47 Circumbinary System
Authors: Orosz Jerome A. , Welsh William F. , Haghighipour Nader , Quarles Billy , Short Donald R. , Mills Sean M. , Satyal Suman , Torres Guillermo , Agol Eric , Fabrycky Daniel C. , Jontof-Hutter Daniel , Windmiller Gur , Müller Tobias W. A. , Hinse Tobias C. , Cochran William D. , Endl Michael , Ford Eric B. , Mazeh Tsevi , Lissauer Jack J.
Published: April 2019

Of the nine confirmed transiting circumbinary planet systems, only Kepler-47 is known to contain more than one planet. Kepler-47 b (the “inner planet”) has an orbital period of 49.5 days and a radius of about 3 R
⊕. Kepler-47 c (the “outer planet”) has an orbital period of 303.2 days and a radius of about 4.7 R
⊕. Here we report the discovery of a third planet, Kepler-47 d (the “middle planet”), which has an orbital period of 187.4 days and a radius of about 7 R
⊕. The presence of the middle planet allows us to place much better constraints on the masses of all three planets, where the 1σ ranges are less than 26 M
⊕, between 7–43 M
⊕, and between 2–5 M
⊕ for the inner, middle, and outer planets, respectively. The middle and outer planets have low bulk densities, with

g cm−3 and ρ
outer < 0.26 g cm−3 at the 1σ level. The two outer planets are “tightly packed,” assuming the nominal masses, meaning no other planet could stably orbit between them. All of the orbits have low eccentricities and are nearly coplanar, disfavoring violent scattering scenarios and suggesting gentle migration in the protoplanetary disk.
Searching for Faint X-Ray Emission from Galactic Stellar Wind Bow Shocks
Authors: Binder Breanna A. , Behr Patrick , Povich Matthew S.
Published: April 2019

We present a stacking analysis of 2.61 Ms of archival Chandra observations of stellar wind bow shocks. We place an upper limit on the X-ray luminosity of infrared-detected bow shocks of <2 × 1029 erg s−1, a more stringent constraint than has been found in previous archival studies and dedicated observing campaigns of nearby bow shocks. We compare the X-ray luminosities and L
X/L
bol ratios of bow shock driving stars to those of other OB stars within the Chandra field of view. Driving stars are, on average, of later spectral type than the field-of-view OB stars, and we do not observe any unambiguously high L
X/L
bol ratios indicative of magnetic stars in our sample. We additionally assess the feasibility of detecting X-rays from stellar wind bow shocks with the proposed Lynx X-ray Observatory. If the X-ray flux originating from the bow shocks is just below our Chandra detection limit, the nearest bow shock in our sample (at ∼0.4 kpc with an absorbing column of ∼1021 cm−2) should be observable with Lynx in exposure times on the order of ∼100 ks.
Results from EDGES High-Band. III. New Constraints on Parameters of the Early Universe
Authors: Monsalve Raul A. , Fialkov Anastasia , Bowman Judd D. , Rogers Alan E. E. , Mozdzen Thomas J. , Cohen Aviad , Barkana Rennan , Mahesh Nivedita
Published: April 2019

We present new constraints on parameters of cosmic dawn and the epoch of reionization derived from the EDGES High-Band spectrum (90–190 MHz). The parameters are probed by evaluating global 21 cm signals generated with the recently developed Global21cm tool. This tool uses neural networks trained and tested on ∼30,000 spectra produced with semi-numerical simulations that assume the standard thermal evolution of the cosmic microwave background and the intergalactic medium. From our analysis, we constrain at 68% (1) the minimum virial circular velocity of star-forming halos to V
c < 19.3 km s−1, (2) the X-ray heating efficiency of early sources to f
X > 0.0042, and (3) the low-energy cutoff of the X-ray spectral energy distribution to ν
min < 2.3 keV. We also constrain the star formation efficiency (f
*), the electron scattering optical depth (τ
e), and the mean-free path of ionizing photons (R
mfp). We recompute the constraints after incorporating into the analysis four estimates for the neutral hydrogen fraction from high-z quasars and galaxies, and a prior on τ
e from Planck 2018. The largest impact of the external observations is on the parameters that most directly characterize reionization. Specifically, we derive the combined 68% constraints τ
e < 0.063 and R
mfp > 27.5 Mpc. The external observations also have a significant effect on V
c due to its degeneracy with τ
e, while the constraints on f
*, f
X, and ν
min, remain primarily determined by EDGES.
The Formation of Compact Elliptical Galaxies in the Vicinity of a Massive Galaxy: The Role of Ram-pressure Confinement
Authors: Du Min , Debattista Victor P. , Ho Luis C. , Côté Patrick , Spengler Chelsea , Erwin Peter , Wadsley James W. , Norris Mark A. , Earp Samuel W. F. , Quinn Thomas R. , Fiteni Karl , Caruana Joseph
Published: April 2019

Compact ellipticals (cEs) are outliers from the scaling relations of early-type galaxies, particularly the mass–metallicity relation, which is an important outcome of feedback. The formation of such low-mass, but metal-rich and compact, objects is a long-standing puzzle. Using a pair of high-resolution N-body+gas simulations, we investigate the evolution of a gas-rich low-mass galaxy on a highly radial orbit around a massive host galaxy. As the infalling low-mass galaxy passes through the host’s corona at supersonic speeds, its diffuse gas outskirts are stripped by ram pressure, as expected. However, the compactness increases rapidly because of bursty star formation in the gas tidally driven to the center. The metal-rich gas produced by supernovae and stellar winds is confined by the ram pressure from the surrounding environment, leading to subsequent generations of stars being more metal-rich. After the gas is depleted, tidal interactions enhance the metallicity further via the stripping of weakly bound, old, and metal-poor stars, while the size of the satellite is changed only modestly. The outcome is a metal-rich cE that is consistent with observations. These results argue that classical cEs are neither the stripped remnants of much more massive galaxies nor the merger remnants of normal dwarfs. We present observable predictions that can be used to test our model.
Toward Precision Tests of General Relativity with Black Hole X-Ray Reflection Spectroscopy
Authors: Tripathi Ashutosh , Nampalliwar Sourabh , Abdikamalov Askar B. , Ayzenberg Dimitry , Bambi Cosimo , Dauser Thomas , García Javier A. , Marinucci Andrea
Published: April 2019

Astrophysical black hole systems are the ideal laboratories for testing Einstein’s theory of gravity in the strong field regime. We have recently developed a framework that uses the reflection spectrum of black hole systems to perform precision tests of general relativity by testing the Kerr black hole hypothesis. In this paper, we analyze XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations of the supermassive black hole in the Seyfert 1 galaxy MCG–06–30–15 with our disk reflection model. We consider the Johannsen metric with the deformation parameters α
13 and α
22, which quantify deviations from the Kerr metric. For α
22 = 0, we obtain the black hole spin

and

. For α
13 = 0, we obtain

and

. The Kerr solution is recovered for α
13 = α
22 = 0. Thus, our results include the Kerr solution within statistical uncertainties. Systematic uncertainties are difficult to account for, and we discuss some issues in this regard.
Flow Instabilities in Solar Jets in Their Upstream and Downstream Regimes
Authors: Li Xiaohong , Zhang Jun , Yang Shuhong , Hou Yijun
Published: April 2019

Using the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly 304 Å images obtained from the Solar Dynamics Observatory, we study two jets that occurred during the M5.8 class flare on 2017 April 3 and the M5.5 class flare on 2016 July 23, respectively. During the M5.8 class flare, many vortex-like structures occurred in the upstream and downstream regimes of the associated jet. While the jet was ejected upwards to the corona, some dark material at its base flowed through a bright structure with a velocity of 110 km s−1. The boundary between the material and the structure changed from smooth to uneven. Later, the jet material at the higher atmosphere started to fall down with velocities of over 200 km s−1, and the left boundary of the jet developed into a sawtooth pattern. The vortex-like structures were formed, and the growth rates of two structures were presented. During the M5.5 class flare, we also observed many vortex-like structures in the downstream regime of the jet. At the late stage of the jet, some material at the south boundary of the jet fell back to the solar surface, and vortex-like structures at the boundary grew from ripple-like minim into vortices with diameters of 3.4–5.4 Mm. The growth rates of the vortex-like structures were calculated. We suggest that the vortex-like structures in the upstream regime are the manifestations of Kelvin−Helmholtz instability, and those in the downstream regime are simultaneously driven by Kelvin−Helmholtz instability and Raleigh−Taylor instability.
Calibrating Mg ii–based Black Hole Mass Estimators with Hβ Reverberation Measurements
Authors: Bahk Hyeonguk , Woo Jong-Hak , Park Daeseong
Published: April 2019

We present the new calibration of black hole mass (

) estimators based on the Mg ii
λ2798 broad emission line using the Hβ reverberation-mapped (RM) sample of 31 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) that have high-quality UV spectra. The updated and enlarged sample at redshift z < 0.16 covers a large dynamic range in

(i.e.,

) and bolometric luminosity (i.e.,

erg s−1). We also investigate the mass estimators by adding a sample from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping (SDSS-RM) project, which consists of 24 AGNs at a higher redshift range, z = 0.36–0.89. We determine the line width of the Mg ii line using FWHM or line dispersion (σ
line), which are respectively used for the

recipe. Comparing with the Hβ reverberation masses, we provide several calibrations for the Mg ii–based mass, the best of which is consistent with the virial assumption and photoionization expectation (i.e.,

and

). The derived

based the Mg ii estimator is consistent with the Hβ reverberation mass within a factor of 2.
Simulating Solar Coronal Mass Ejections Constrained by Observations of Their Speed and Poloidal Flux
Authors: Singh T. , Yalim M. S. , Pogorelov N. V. , Gopalswamy N.
Published: April 2019

We demonstrate how the parameters of a Gibson-Low flux-rope-based coronal mass ejection (CME) can be constrained using remote observations. Our Multi-Scale Fluid-Kinetic Simulation Suite has been used to simulate the propagation of a CME in a data-driven solar corona background computed using the photospheric magnetogram data. We constrain the CME model parameters using the observations of such key CME properties as its speed, orientation, and poloidal flux. The speed and orientation are estimated using multi-viewpoint white-light coronagraph images. The reconnected magnetic flux in the area covered by the post-eruption arcade is used to estimate the poloidal flux in the CME flux rope. We simulate the partial halo CME on 2011 March 7 to demonstrate the efficiency of our approach. This CME erupted with the speed of 812 km s−1 and its poloidal flux, as estimated from source active region data, was 4.9 × 1021 Mx. Using our approach, we were able to simulate this CME with the speed 840 km s−1 and the poloidal flux of 5.1 × 1021 Mx, in remarkable agreement with the observations.
Generic and family transfers, and numina dubia for orb-weaving spiders (Araneae, Araneidae) in the Australasian, Oriental and Pacific regions
Authors: Framenau Volker W.
Published: April 2019

As part of a current revision of the Australasian and Pacific orb-weaving spider fauna (family Araneidae Clerck, 1757), a number new combinations are proposed in the generaAcroaspisKarsch, 1878 (3 species),CarepalxisL. Koch, 1872 (1 species),CyclosaMenge, 1866 (5 species), andNeosconaSimon, 1864 (7 species):Acroaspislancearia(Keyserling, 1887),comb. n.,A.mamillana(Keyserling, 1887),comb. n.,A.scutifer(Keyserling, 1886),comb. n.,Carepalxisfurcifera(Keyserling, 1886),comb. n.;Cyclosaanatipes(Keyserling, 1887),comb. n.;Cyclosaapoblepta(Rainbow, 1916),comb. n.;Cyclosaargentaria(Rainbow, 1916),comb. n.;Cyclosalichensis(Rainbow, 1916),comb. n.;Cyclosapoweri(Rainbow, 1916),comb. n.;Neosconadecolor(L. Koch, 1871),comb. n.;Neosconaenucleata(Karsch, 1879),comb. n.;Neosconaflavopunctata(L. Koch, 1871),comb. n.;Neosconafloriata(Hogg, 1914),comb. n.;Neosconagranti(Hogg, 1914),comb. n.;Neosconainusta(L. Koch, 1871),comb. n.; andNeosconanotanda(Rainbow, 1912),comb. n.

The following two Australian species, currently placed inAraneus, are not Araneidae but comb-footed spiders (family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833):Anelosimusdianiphus(Rainbow, 1916),comb. n.andTheridionxanthostichus(Rainbow, 1916),stat. and comb. n.

The following six species are considerednumina dubiaas their type material is immature or otherwise unidentifiable (e.g. partly destroyed):AraneusacachmenusRainbow, 1916;AraneusagastusRainbow, 1916;AraneusexsertusRainbow, 1904;AraneussuavisRainbow, 1899;Carepalxiscoronata(Rainbow, 1896); andHeurodesturritusKeyserling, 1886.Heurodesfratellus(Chamberlin, 1924) is considered anomen dubiumandHeurodesporcula(Simon, 1877) is returned toEriovixiaArcher, 1951,Eriovixiaporcula(Simon, 1877).

Type material of predominantly Australian species described by E. v. Keyserling (1 species), W. J. Rainbow (10 species), A. T. Urquhart (8 species), and C. A. Walckenaer (2 species) is here considered destroyed or otherwise lost. As it is impossible to identify these species from their original descriptions and considering the known spider fauna from their respective type localities, they are all considerednumina dubia:AnepsiacrinitaRainbow, 1893;Epeiradiabrosis(Walckenaer, 1841);EpeiradiversicolorRainbow, 1893;EpeirafictaRainbow, 1896;EpeirahamiltoniRainbow, 1893;Epeiralacrymosa(Walckenaer, 1841);EpeiraleaiRainbow, 1894;EpeiramortoniUrquhart, 1891;EpeiranotacephalaUrquhart, 1891;EpeiraobscurtaUrquhart, 1893;EpeiraphalerataUrquhart, 1893;EpeirapronubaRainbow, 1894;EpeirararaKeyserling, 1887;EpeirasingularaUrquhart, 1891;Epeirasub-flavidaUrquhart, 1893;EpeirasimilarisRainbow, 1896 (=AraneusurquhartiRoewer, 1942 replacement name);EpeiraventriosaUrquhart, 1891; andEpeiraviridulaUrquhart, 1891.
Multilocus genetic and morphological phylogenetic analysis reveals a radiation of shiny South Asian jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae)
Authors: Kanesharatnam Nilani , Benjamin Suresh P.
Published: April 2019

This study presents a systematic revision of South Asian members of the Tribe Chrysillini Simon, 1901. Genetic and morphological variations were analysed of a “similar-looking” group of species that were initially identified as members of the jumping spider generaChrysillaThorell, 1887 andPhintellaStrand, in Bösenberg and Strand 1906 to determine their phylogenetic relationships. Results suggest that the assessed morphospecies complex constitute of three evolutionary lineages, two previously unrecognised, which are described and diagnosed as two new genera:Phintelloidesgen. n.andProszynskiagen. n.The third lineage,Phintella, is sister to these proposed genera. The following new species are described:Phintelloidesalboreasp. n.,P.brunnesp. n.,P.flavovirisp. n.,P.flavumisp. n.,P.orbisasp. n.,Phintellaargenteasp. n., andP.jaleelisp. n.Sri Lanka is rich in biodiversity but currently has one of the highest rates of deforestation. Lack of clarity on diversity and distribution of the islands’ biodiversity can lead to underestimations during threat assessments and thus downgrading of conservation needs of individual species.
Functional characteristics of lactobacilli from traditional Bulgarian fermented milk products
Authors: NEMSKA Veronica , LOGAR Petya , RASHEVA Tanya , SHOLEVA Zdravka , GEORGIEVA Nelly , DANOVA Svetla
Published: April 2019

After oral administration, probiotic lactobacilli meet a number of protection systems in the human body, such as exposure to
gastric, pancreatic, and small intestinal juices. Overcoming these detrimental barriers allows living bacteria to adhere to the intestinal
epithelium and permanently colonize the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), providing health benefits to the host. Based on this, the transit
tolerance of 25 candidate probiotic lactobacilli from katak, yoghurt, and white-brined and yellow cheese to simulated bile and small
intestinal juices of variable pH was investigated. To establish their resistance, in vitro model systems based on modified MRS media
and a longer duration of action (up to 24 h of incubation) were designed. Six of the strains studied were found to show strain-specific
survival capacity with low viability in conditions simulating stomach acidity and high resistance to bile and intestinal juices. In addition,
the adherence capability (autoaggregation and hydrophobicity) of the strains was determined. Obtained results allowed to select
Lactobacillus strains with high survival ratios while passing through the GIT and good adherence properties, which make them suitable
for the development of new probiotics.
Identification of bioactive compounds from Fraxinus angustifolia extracts with anti-NADH oxidase activity of bovine milk xanthine oxidoreductase
Authors: AHMANE Nadjia , ATMANI-KILANI Dina , CHAHER Nassima , AYOUNI Karima , RAHMANI-BERBOUCHA Meriem , DA COSTA Grégory , DEBBACHE-BENAIDA Nadjet , RICHARD Tristan , ATMANI Djebbar
Published: April 2019

Fraxinus angustifolia leaves and bark are used in traditional medicine against various inflammatory-related pathologies
incumbent to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by the NADH oxidase activity of enzymes such as xanthine oxidoreductase
(XOR). This study was designed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activities of this enzyme by Fraxinus angustifolia
extracts. The leaf organic phase of ethyl acetate (LFA) and its bark aqueous counterpart (BFA) showed the strongest anti-NADH oxidase
activity in vitro (IC50 = 38.51 and 42.04 μg mL-1, respectively). They consequently suppressed superoxide generation both enzymatically
(53% and 19%, respectively) and nonenzymatically (34% and 19%, respectively). These results were corroborated in vivo, with high anti-
NADH oxidase potential of the leaves and bark extracts (75.32% and 51.32%, respectively) concomitant with moderate hypouricemic
activities (36.84% and 38.59%, respectively). Bio-guided fractionation led to the identification, by LC-DAD-MS/MS, of esculin and
calcelarioside in bark and kaempferol glucoside in leaves as the main compounds responsible for the anti-NADH oxidase activity of
XOR. These results plead in favor of the use of F. angustifolia as a source of potentially interesting therapeutic substances.
Establishment of human trabecular meshwork cell cultures using
nontransplantable corneoscleral rims
Authors: WADUTHANTHRI Kosala D. , MONTEMAGNO Carlo , ÇETİNEL Sibel
Published: April 2019

Human trabecular meshwork (hTM) cell isolation in academic settings utilizes the motile nature of these cells, allowing them
to migrate away from the explant and proliferate on distal regions of the culture substrate. Corneoscleral rims used for transplantation
are a potential source of explants for the establishment of hTM cell cultures. However, cell isolation and the initiation of primary
cell cultures from ocular tissues stored in Optisol-GS medium for an extended period of time (>6 days) has proven difficult, since
Optisol-GS remarkably reduces cell viability and cellularity. Therefore, explants obtained from ocular tissues stored in Optisol-GS
do not often provide adequate cell yield to initiate primary cell cultures if conventional culture techniques are used. Therefore, the
majority of the research on primary hTM cell isolation has been accomplished using donor tissue obtained within 72 h postmortem.
The goal of this study was to develop an hTM cell isolation procedure from nontransplantable ocular materials, utilizing the anchorage
dependency of TM cells. This procedure yielded functionally viable cells, efficiently dissociated from the trabecular meshwork. Isolated
cells demonstrated typical hTM cell characteristics including monolayer formation, contact inhibition, phagocytosis, and responses
to glucocorticoid exposure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time an expired explant has been utilized in the successful
isolation of hTM cells. Our results clearly demonstrate the advantage of increasing the anchor points of hTM cells for enhanced cell
migration out from the explants, which have limited cell proliferative capacity.
Newly Licensed Nurse Resiliency and Interventions to Promote Resiliency in the First Year of Hire: An Integrative Review
Authors: Concilio Lisa , Lockhart Joan Such , Oermann Marilyn H. , Kronk Rebecca , Schreiber James B.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Lack of resiliency contributes to growing dissatisfaction among newly licensed nurses (NLNs) and often leads to clinical errors and job resignations.

Method:

An integrative review synthesized current research investigating NLNs' resiliency within their first year of hire and interventions that may affect their resiliency.

Results:

Key database searches (2008 to 2018) yielded 16 studies. Insufficient resiliency among NLNs has been correlated with intentions to leave current jobs and decreased job satisfaction. Residency programs, well-prepared preceptors, and peer support promoted NLN resilience and enhanced patient safety. Lack of coworker support has led to NLNs' intentions to leave their current jobs or the profession entirely.

Conclusion:

NLN turnover has been interpreted to be an outcome of poor NLN resilience. The first year of practice is stressful and affects NLNs' mental health and cognitive reasoning, thereby risking patient safety. Resiliency should be measured using a resiliency scale rather than turnover rates.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2019;50(4):153–161.]
L’expérience difficile du travail enseignant et les besoins de soutien chez les enseignants débutants au Québec
Authors: Mukamurera Joséphine , Lakhal Sawsen , Tardif Maurice
Published: April 2019

Notre recherche tente, d’une part, de mettre en lumière le travail enseignant tel que vécu au quotidien par les enseignants débutants et, d’autre part, de cerner la nature des besoins de soutien ressentis durant leurs premières années d’enseignement. Notre appui théorique relève d’une approche globale et multidimensionnelle de l’insertion professionnelle et du travail enseignant. La recherche réalisée comporte un volet qualitatif reposant sur 32 entrevues semi-structurées et un volet quantitatif basé sur une analyse secondaire des données d’un questionnaire (250 répondants). Les résultats qualitatifs mettent en évidence la diversité et la lourdeur des tâches, ainsi que l’écart perçu entre la charge de travail reconnue et l’intensité de la charge réelle tel que vécue au quotidien. En complément, les résultats quantitatifs confirment la nature plurielle des besoins de soutien selon cinq volets : la socialisation organisationnelle, la gestion de classe, la gestion des apprentissages, la différenciation pédagogique et le volet personnel et psychologique. Des analyses comparatives à l’aide des tests ANOVA montrent quelques différences selon l’ordre et le champ d’enseignement ainsi que le domaine de formation. Ce sont là des éléments qui apportent un regard nouveau sur le travail enseignant et offrent des pistes pouvant guider l’offre de soutien aux enseignants débutants et la conception des programmes de formation à l’enseignement.
Comprendre le travail de mise en œuvre de la réforme des études en Masso-Kinésithérapie (2015) : le cas d’un institut de formation
Authors: Maleyrot Éric , Perez-Roux Thérèse , Pourcelot Charlotte , Hébrard Pierre
Published: April 2019

Cet article vise à comprendre, à l’échelle d’un institut de formation en masso-kinésithérapie, le travail de traduction d’une équipe de direction, d’adaptation de ses formateurs et des tuteurs de stage confrontés à la mise en œuvre de la réforme des études de 2015. Le contexte institutionnel présenté à travers une analyse comparative des textes réglementant la formation montre le passage d’une approche centrée sur les contenus à une approche par les compétences dans un mouvement d’universitarisation et de professionnalisation des études. L’assise théorique de l’étude développe les notions de professionnalisation et d’universitarisation. La démarche de recherche s’appuie sur la sociologie de la traduction et une analyse qualitative de données (observations, focus group, entretiens) recueillies les deux premières années de mise en œuvre de la réforme. Les résultats mettent en relief trois niveaux du processus orientant le travail des acteurs. À un niveau macro, la traduction de la réforme montre une asynchronie dans l’espace touchant d’abord la direction, puis les formateurs proches de celle-ci et enfin les tuteurs de stage sur les lieux de travail. À un niveau méso, les tensions chez les formateurs révèlent un mouvement d’universitarisation-professionnalisation ambivalent, entre la satisfaction de la théorisation de leurs savoirs par la recherche et la crainte d’une minoration de la transmission des gestes du métier. Enfin, à un niveau micro, la focalisation sur les formateurs met en lumière leur professionnalisation secondaire, après celle de masseur-kinésithérapeute, rendue nécessaire par les orientations de la réforme.
Improvisation et travail ordinaire des enseignants entrant dans le métier. Quelle activité ? Quels enjeux ?
Authors: Azéma Guillaume
Published: April 2019

Suivant une recherche conduite dans le cadre d’une anthropologie culturelle enactive (Theureau, 2015), cet article aborde le travail des enseignants entrant dans le métier sous l’angle de l’« activité » qui, pour eux, porte le nom d’improvisation. Il propose une autre conception que celle (très répandue) consistant à faire de l’improvisation une sorte de virtuosité interactionnelle d’enseignants experts. Nos résultats, qui permettent notamment de préciser un ensemble de caractéristiques clés, nous conduisent à l’appréhender comme un temps fort de la dynamique du couplage asymétrique entre un néo-enseignant et son environnement (y compris social) et, corrélativement, comme un mouvement majeur d’« individuation » (Simondon, 2013) professionnelle. Cet article propose en outre une discussion concernant le métier d’enseignant, le développement professionnel et la formation à ce métier.
Affect et comparaison dans le dialogue en autoconfrontation
Authors: Bonnemain Antoine
Published: April 2019

Cet article traite de l’appropriation par les professionnels de l’une des modalités du dialogue en autoconfrontation dans une perspective en clinique de l’activité. Cette modalité concerne la manière dont les professionnels peuvent faire de la comparaison entre leurs activités professionnelles un moyen de l’échange entre eux. Cela n’est pas un processus spontané, mais un résultat du développement de leur activité dialogique dans différents contextes que nous décrirons, et dans lesquels l’affectivité joue un rôle décisif. Dans le cadre contraint de l’autoconfrontation, s’opèrent parfois des formes de genèses instrumentales de la comparaison qui devient alors un organisateur de l’activité dialogique. L’appropriation de ce moyen dialogique par les professionnels équipe les échanges et permet de dépasser les discours habituels socialement partagés sur le travail et les problèmes concrets qui s’y posent. La comparaison constitue alors un moyen du développement de l’activité au travers du dialogue, ce qui suppose une activité d’intervention qui tienne compte de ces mouvements affectifs. À partir de l’exemple clinique d’une intervention réalisée auprès des éboueurs de la Ville de Lille, nous montrerons que lorsque ce genre de comparaison s’installe dans l’autoconfrontation, elle peut engager, en lien avec les mouvements affectifs qui s’y réalisent, des développements de l’activité professionnelle qui permettent du coup de regarder la méthode comme une « situation sociale de développement » (Vygotsky, 1998).
Knowledge and home treatment of measles infection by caregivers of children under five in a low-income urban community, Nigeria
Authors: Uchendu Obioma , Ige Olusimbo , Adeyera Oluwapelumi
Published: April 2019

Background: Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine for over 50 years, measles remains a leading cause of death among young children in developing countries.Aim: This study assessed the knowledge and home treatment of measles by caregivers of children under 5 years.Setting: Abebi community, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 509 caregivers of children aged 6 months to 5 years in a semi-urban community in Ibadan was conducted using a multi-stage sampling method. An interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of aetiology, main symptoms and signs, and home treatment of measles. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to explore associations at 5% level of significance.Results: Most of the caregivers were females (96.3%), married (86.1%) and were the biological parents of the children (90.9%). More than half had good knowledge of the cause (59.7%) and main symptoms and signs (52.8%) of measles. However, the composite knowledge was good in 57.6% of caregivers. Over half (54.4%) of the caregivers reported that their children ever had measles. Majority (91.3%) of caregivers whose children had measles gave home treatment, while 24 (8.7%) sought treatment from health facilities alone. There was a significant association between caregivers’ educational status, age, tribe and marital status and their knowledge of measles; however, tribe was the only significant predictor of knowledge after regression analysis. Caregivers from other tribes were 3.3 times more likely to have good knowledge of measles than Yoruba caregivers. Caregivers who were 35 years and older compared to those younger than 35 years (OR: 0.625; 95% CI: 0.425–0.921) and those who were not currently married compared to those married (OR: 0.455; 95% CI: 0.273–0.758) had lower odds of having good knowledge of measles, respectively.Conclusion: Home treatment by caregivers of children with measles is high. Health education on the cause, prevention and treatment of measles should be provided for caregivers.
Methotrexate and mucositis: A merry-go-round for oncologists
Authors: Mishra Kundan , Jandial Aditya , Kumar Anil , Lad Deepesh , Prakash Gaurav , Khadwal Alka , Malhotra Pankaj
Published: April 2019

High-dose methotrexate is the backbone of various regimens for treating lymphoid malignancies. Mucositis is a well-known, dose-related side effect of methotrexate. Prophylactic measures such as folinic acid rescue are useful but do not prevent mucositis in all the cases. Once severe mucositis (WHO Grade IV) sets in, mortality is very high. The index case highlights the natural course of methotrexate-induced mucositis and the need for swift and preemptive intervention.
Effectiveness of filgrastim and polyethylene glycol-filgrastim in the treatment of postchemotherapy neutropenia in children: Phase I clinical trial
Authors: Yousofian Saeed , Miri-Aliabad Ghasem , Kiumarsi Azadeh , Ramim Tayeb
Published: April 2019

Background: One of the most common side effects of chemotherapy in cancer patients is neutropenia that can result in hospitalization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-filgrastim compared with filgrastim in the recovery of neutropenia. Methods: This study was a Phase I clinical trial conducted among patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia aged <16 years who were referred to the Ali Asghar Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from April 2012 until October 2013. Eleven patients were selected, and filgrastim and PEG-filgrastim were injected subcutaneously at a dose of 5–10 μg/kg/day for 7 days and 100 μg/kg as a single dose, respectively. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was checked 7 days after the last injection in the two groups. Results: The mean age of the patients was 8.82 ± 4.36 years (3–15 years). Six boys (54.5%) and five girls (45.5%) participated in the study. ANC increase among patients treated with PEG-filgrastim or filgrastim was analyzed separately, and the results showed statistically significant differences between the study groups (P = 0.038). Conclusions: According to the findings, it can be concluded that the PEG-filgrastim is better than filgrastim alone to improve neutropenia induced by chemotherapy in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Experience with using fosfestrol for treating metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer in resource-limited setting
Authors: Kalaiyarasi Jayachandran Perumal , Radhakrishnan Venkatraman , Ganesan Trivadi S , Raja Anand , Ganesan Prasanth , Dhanushkodi Manikandan , Sagar Tenali Gnana
Published: April 2019

Background: Fosfestrol is a low-cost estrogen analog that is useful in the management of metastatic prostate cancer in resource-challenged settings. It acts by altering the pituitary axis, adrenal secretion, and 5-alpha reductase activity. Patients and Methods: The outcomes of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with fosfestrol in our center between June 2012 and December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. Fosfestrol was given orally at a dose of 120 mg thrice daily. Event was defined as the discontinuation of fosfestrol due to tumor progression or drug toxicity or death due to any cause. The event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method. Results: The analysis included 47 patients with a median age of 65 years. Initial Gleason score was available for 41 of 47 patients, of which 17% (7), 39% (16), and 44% (18) were low risk, intermediate risk, and high risk, respectively. The most common site of metastasis was bone (98%). Of 47 patients, 32 (68%) received fosfestrol as the second line of treatment after progression on complete androgen blockade, 14/47 (30%) received it as the third line, and 1/47 received it as the fourth line of treatment. The median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value at the start of fosfestrol and the nadir PSA value were 43.7 ng/ml and 13.1 ng/ml, respectively. Ninety-one percent (n = 43) of patients had not been previously treated with chemotherapy (docetaxel). Response of PSA of >50% was observed in 55% (n = 26) of patients. The median EFS and median OS after the start of fosfestrol were 6.8 and 14.7 months, respectively, with a median follow-up of 10.9 months. Only two patients developed Grade 3 toxicity, both of whom had diarrhea. Conclusions: In resource-challenged settings, oral fosfestrol is an effective, cheap, and safe option for the management of metastatic prostate cancer progressing after first-line complete androgen blockade.
Drug review: Fosaprepitant
Authors: Radhakrishnan Venkatraman
Published: April 2019

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a significant contributor to the treatment morbidity experienced by patients with cancer. With effective prophylactic anti-emetics given prior to administration of moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC or HEC) it is expected that 70-80% of patients will have no CINV. Fosaprepitant is an intravenous prodrug of aprepitant that acts as an anti-emetic by blocking the neurokinin (NK-1) receptor. Fosaprepitant in combination with dexamethasone and 5-HT3 antagonist like ondansetron has been shown to be effective in preventing CINV in patients receiving MEC or HEC. The current review discusses the pharmacology and clinical indications for the use of fosaprepitant. The evidence for the effectiveness of fosaprepitant in the prevention of CINV and the commonly observed adverse events with its administration is discussed in this review.