bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Initial development and psychometric properties of the Youth Racism-Based Traumatic Stress Symptom Scale
Authors: Galán Chardée A. , Willis Henry A. , Polanco-Roman Lillian , Howard Lorraine Y. , Morales Isaac , Rudrabhatla Asha , Santana Adrelys Mateo , Satinsky Emily N.
Published: October 2024

Objective: Studies demonstrating associations between experiences of racism and traumatic stress symptoms have predominantly been conducted in adults, due in large part to the lack of available tools for assessing racism-based traumatic stress symptoms (RBTSS) in youth. The current study sought to address this gap by developing and validating the first measure of RBTSS for ethnoracially minoritized adolescents.Method: The Youth Racism-Based Traumatic Stress Symptom Scale (YRaBTSSS) was developed by drawing on relevant literature. Following iterative refinement based on feedback obtained via focus groups with adolescents, it was tested in two U.S. samples of 12-17-year-old ethnoracially minoritized adolescents (Study 1: n = 401, 50.6% female; Study 2: n = 651; 48.08% female) recruited through CloudResearch. Participants completed a demographic survey, the YRaBTSSS, and measures of trauma, racial discrimination, and mental health.Results: An exploratory factor analysis in Study 1 indicated that the YRaBTSSS is comprised of a single factor representing RBTSS. The final RBTSS scale had excellent internal consistency (α=0.98) and significant factor loadings (0.72-0.87). The factor structure was replicated in Study 2. The YRaBTSSS demonstrated convergent validity through significant associations with related measures of PTSD symptoms (p < .001) and racial stress (p < .001). Finally, RBTSS were significantly associated with symptoms of anxiety (p < .01), depression (p < .01), and conduct problems (p < .05).Conclusions: Findings show preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of the YRaBTSS. This measure presents new opportunities to investigate the effects of racism on ethnoracially minoritized youth from a traumatic stress perspective.
Using reporting guidelines to improve the reproducibility of cooking Christmas tree meringues: the “People tasting trees” cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors: VINATIER Constant , Fahed Emma , Chollet Yoann , Caquelin Laura , Jaillard Sylvie , Van den Eynden Veerle , Kozula Magdalena , Florian NAUDET
Published: October 2024

Objectives: To test whether improving a Christmas tree meringue recipe using reporting guidelines yields more appealing and sweeter meringues.Design: A prospective, superiority, single-blind, cluster-randomised (1:1) controlled trial Setting: A public participatory event in a large cultural facility in France Participants: Budding chefs with basic culinary skills, possessing the utensils necessary for baking Christmas tree meringues, and not having burned pasta in the past month (for safety reasons).Interventions: Each budding chef was randomised to a standard recipe for making Christmas tree meringues or to the same recipe written in consultation with a professional baker using the TIDieR checklist - a reporting guideline for description of complex interventions - plus a short video tutorial.Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was reproducibility in terms of visual aspect as rated by an independent jury which compared the cooked Christmas tree meringues with the recipe picture on a scale from 1 to 10. Secondary outcomes included colour, size, taste and survival time in the course of a sale organised as part of the public event. Analyses were performed in intention-to-eat (randomization unit: budding chefs / analysis unit: Christmas trees).Results: 60 budding chefs (30 in each group) baked a total of 845 Christmas tree meringues. There was no significant difference between the groups (mean difference=-0.1; [95%CI -0.99; 0.80]; p-value=0.84; intra-cluster correlation, ICC=0.77) on visual aspect. No difference was found for reproducibility in terms of colour (mean difference=-0.31; [95%CI -0.97; 0.35]; p-value=0.35; ICC=0.67) or size (mean difference=-0.17; [95%CI -1.07; 0.73]; p-value=0.71; ICC=0.74). There was no significant difference in terms of taste between the groups (mean difference= -0.55; [95%CI -1.62; 0.52]; p-value=0.31). 400 meringues were sold during the public event with no difference in survival time between groups (hazard ratio= 1.26 [95% CI 0.75–2.09], p-value=0.38) in favor of the control group.Conclusions: Our study failed to demonstrate that an improved recipe using the TIDieR reporting guideline with a video tutorial improved the reproducibility in terms of visual aspect, colour, size, taste and sales for Christmas tree meringues. The best way to succeed in baking Christmas tree meringues - and thereby to improve reproducibility of experiments - remains a mystery still to be solved by further explorations. Trial registration: https://osf.io/dnhbx
Perceived Stereo Depth reflects Retinal Disparities, not 3D Geometry
Authors: Linton Paul , Kriegeskorte Nikolaus
Published: October 2024

We present a new illusion that challenges our traditional understanding of stereo vision. Traditional ‘Triangulation’ accounts of stereo vision back-project from points on the retina to points in the world. This requires that stereo vision incorporates how binocular disparities fall off with the viewing distance squared. By contrast, Linton proposes a ‘Minimal Model’ of stereo vision where perceived stereo depth is simply a function (most likely a linear function) of the amount of disparity on the retina. We present a new illusion (the ‘Linton Stereo Illusion’) to adjudicate between these two approaches. The illusion consists of a smaller circle (at 40cm) in front of a larger circle (at 50cm), with constant angular sizes throughout. We move the larger circle forward by 10cm (to 40cm) and then back again (to 50cm). The question is, what distance should we move the smaller circle forward and back to maintain a constant perceived separation between the circles? Constant physical distance (10cm) (‘Triangulation’) or constant disparity (6.7cm) (‘Minimal Model’)? Observers choose constant disparity. This leads us to four conclusions: First, perceived stereo depth appears to be best captured by the ‘Minimal Model’. There is no scaling of disparity with distance. Second, doubling disparity appears to double perceived depth, suggesting that perceived stereo depth is proportional to disparity. Third, changes in vergence appear to have no effect on perceived depth. Fourth, stereo ‘depth constancy’ appears to be a cognitive (not perceptual) phenomenon, reflecting our experience of a world distorted in perceived stereo depth.
No surprises: Strong evidence against a prime-surprisal effect from a large pre-registered study with 42 different operationalizations of prime-surprisal.
Authors: Fazekas Judit , Anonymous Anonymous , Ambridge Ben
Published: October 2024

Prime-surprisal - an increased likelihood of structural repetition following surprising input - has emerged as a key paradigm for testing the claims of error-based learning theories of language acquisition. However, the prime-surprisal effect predicted by these theories has been observed only inconsistently in previous studies. The present fully-preregistered study addresses the limitations of existing research by including the largest sample size to date by a factor of four (N=315) and a wide range of (42) surprisal measures: all of the various measures used in previous studies, and a novel, LLM-based word-by-word suprisal predictor. Although the expected syntactic priming effect was reliably observed, the present data provided strong Bayesian evidence against the existence of a prime-surprisal effect (which was also not significant in any frequentist analysis). These results suggest that previous failures to find a prime-surprisal effect are not due to small sample sizes or inappropriate surprisal measures. Rather the present findings suggest that the prime-surprisal effect does not reliably exist, and/or that the method may not constitute an appropriate test of error-based-learning.
Age-Related Differences in Comprehending Speech in Competition
Authors: Morris Amy , Bamrungyat Rakteesud , Scurry Alexandra N. , Seitz Aaron , Gallun Frederick J. , Jiang Fang
Published: October 2024

The ability to discriminate speech with background noise decreases with age. This study examined the effect of masker type and spatial location in older and young adults. Using Portable Automated Rapid Testing software on an iPad, participants were asked to understand target speech (always simulated at 0° azimuth) in the presence of speech or ‘garbled speech’ maskers (simulated from 0°, 6°, or 45° azimuth spatial locations). Additionally, suprathreshold sensitivities to temporal (TM), spectral (SM), and spectrotemporal (STM) modulation as well as binaural temporal fine structure (TFS) were estimated. Older adults showed worse speech in competition (SiC) performance with 6° and 45°, but not 0°, masker spatial locations and benefited less from only 45° of spatial separation compared to young controls for speech masking. For garbled-speech masking, older adults showed worse performance overall, but benefited similarly from spatial separation compared to young controls. Older adults also showed worse sensitivity for binaural TFS, but comparable TM, SM, and STM sensitivity. Age as well as TM and SM sensitivities predicted SiC performance, whereas STM and binaural TFS sensitivities did not. These findings expand our knowledge of how aging affects SiC comprehension and provide insight into training programs to improve older adults’ SiC performance.
Pengembangan Sistem Deteksi Objek Botol Real-Time dengan YOLOv8 untuk Aplikasi Vision
Authors: Triyanto Dedi , Zidan Muhammad , Wahyudi Mochamad , Pujiastuti Lise , Sumanto Sumanto
Published: October 2024

Plastik daur ulang berperan penting dalam menanggulangi masalah limbah lingkungan sekaligus mendukung praktik keberlanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan sistem deteksi botol plastik dan kaleng daur ulang secara real-time menggunakan algoritma YOLOv8 yang terkenal akan kecepatan dan akurasinya. Dengan memanfaatkan dataset yang terdiri dari 2.900 gambar dan melatih model melalui Google Colab selama 25 epoch, penelitian ini berhasil menunjukkan performa luar biasa dari YOLOv8, dengan hasil mAP sebesar 99,5%, precision 99,7%, dan recall 99,5%. Model ini terbukti sangat efektif dalam mendeteksi objek daur ulang, memberikan prediksi yang tepat tanpa kesalahan negatif pada confusion matrix. Untuk penelitian lanjutan, disarankan menambah variasi kelas objek seperti botol kaca dan karet serta memperluas dataset guna meningkatkan generalisasi model. Selain itu, pengujian dalam kondisi nyata sangat diperlukan untuk memastikan kinerja optimal dalam lingkungan yang lebih kompleks. Pendekatan serupa dalam penelitian sebelumnya juga telah membuktikan kinerja unggul dalam deteksi real-time, menjadikan metode ini salah satu yang terdepan dalam pengembangan teknologi berbasis YOLO.
A Study on the Role of Microfinance in Women’s Empowerment in India
Authors: Archana B. , Mathivanan B.
Published: October 2024

Microfinance is a manner wherein loans, credit, coverage, get right of entry to savings debts, and money transfers are furnished to small commercial enterprise owners and entrepreneurs inside the underdeveloped components of India. The beneficiaries of microfinance are individuals who do not have access to those conventional economic sources. While availing of such loans the customers are having lots of apprehensions in their minds. They do not rely on borrowings so easily which makes them get the perfect information regarding such borrowings. The customer wants to know how such borrowings would impact them financially and psychologically with their commitments. This paper provides the opinion of the customers on the advantages of microfinance amenities.  It also gives sufficient insights regarding the various difficulties and problems faced by customers in utilizing microfinance amenities. The sample considered for this study is 200 respondents who are availing of different microfinance facilities. Statistical techniques like mean and median are used to analyze and interpret the data. With the help of the data analysis the findings, recommendations, and conclusions are drawn accordingly.
Physical Therapy Comes to British Columbia, Canada: Modernity, Movement, and the Press for the Professional Regulation of Purposive Exercise in the Early 20th Century
Authors: Vertinsky Patricia , Ramachandran Aishwarya
Published: October 2024

This article explores the early roots of physical therapy as a professional field of expertise in British Columbia during the first decades of the twentieth century. It points to the importance of Pehr Henrik Ling's earlier work at the Royal Central Institute of Gymnastics in Sweden and traces the movement of Ling trained female gymnasts and physiotherapists to Canada and their role in the development of rehabilitation services for wounded soldiers returning from WW1, first in Ontario and Quebec and later in British Columbia. We trace the efforts of a small group of female physiotherapists in British Columbia to engage with an emergent female-dominated profession of physiotherapy in Canada while aligning with and remaining firmly linked to the authority of the male dominated medical profession. In this sense, women were both winners and losers in their efforts to gain access to and control over early developments in Canadian physical therapy.
Secundaria Popular “Carrillo Puerto”. Una experiencia de educación popular
Authors: Suárez López Alejandro , Méndez Puga Ana María , Vargas Garduño María de Lourdes
Published: October 2024

Este artículo examina los esfuerzos colectivos para construir una propuesta educativa basada en la educación popular, con el fin de garantizar el derecho a la educación para personas en situación de exclusión. A partir de la experiencia de la Secundaria Popular "Carrillo Puerto", surgida en Morelia, México, en la década de los setenta, se desarrolla una investigación etnográfica que incluye conversaciones, entrevistas y observación participante, documentadas en un diario de campo. Los hallazgos revelan que la solidaridad entre estudiantes ha sido un eje central del proyecto, tanto en sus orígenes como en su desarrollo actual, lo que genera una propuesta educativa distinta a los modelos tradicionales. La dinámica de trabajo diario en la escuela fomenta la formación de una colectividad que impulsa procesos de aprendizaje alternativos, dentro y fuera del aula, y facilita la inclusión de personas expulsadas de otras escuelas, en algunos casos debido a discapacidad. Se concluye que la participación activa del estudiantado, la solidaridad y la postura ético-política que sustenta este proyecto hacen viable el acceso al derecho a la educación, al tiempo que se mantiene la exigencia de responsabilidades al Estado.
Kurmaca Karakterlerle Özdeşim: Çocuk Okurlar Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: Kara Ayşen , Baş Bayram
Published: October 2024

Edebî nitelikli kurmaca çocuk kitapları içerdikleri anlatı unsurları ile çocuk okurların özdeşim kurmalarını sağlar, böylece edebî deneyimi etkin ve yoğun bir şekilde yaşatarak metinle kişisel bağ kurmayı kolaylaştırır. Kurgu karakterlerle kurulan özdeşim alan yazında sıkça ifade edilse de özdeşimin nasıl kurulduğuna ilişkin çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bu boşluğu gidermek amacıyla çalışmanın ana problemi çocuk okurların kurgu karakterlerle nasıl özdeşim kurduklarına okur tepki kuramı referansıyla ulaşmak olarak belirlenmiştir. Nitel bir araştırma deseni olan durum çalışmasıyla yapılandırılmış araştırmanın çalışma grubunu ortaokul altıncı sınıf öğrencilerinden on altı öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Veriler görüşme yöntemiyle toplanmış olup içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Okurlar edebiyata gerçek hayatlarındaki olay, kişi ve ortamlara verdikleri tepkilere benzer tepkiler vermişlerdir. Okuma esnasında otobiyografik anıları harekete geçmiş ve anlatı unsurlarına verdikleri tepkileri belirleyen önemli bir öge olarak belirmiştir. Özdeşimin kurulmasında en önemli anlatı ögesi olarak olay örgüsü ön plana çıkmıştır. Kahramanların etrafındaki karakterlerle kendi çevrelerindeki kişiler arasında özdeşlik kurmaları ana karakterle olan özdeşimlerini kuvvetlendirmiştir.
Alternative and Herbal Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Haider Rehan
Published: October 2024

Alternative and herbal pharmaceuticals have gained significant attention in recent years as completing approaches to conventional medicine. This review explores the increasing interest in these organic remedies, meeting their productiveness, security, and supervisory challenges. Herbal medicines, arisen plants, and floral beginnings have existed secondhand for centuries in differing breedings for their healing features. The revival of interest in this natural device is compelled by one growing demand for whole and deterrent healthcare options. This review explains the pharmacological exercises of key herbaceous compounds, their machines of operation, and the clinical evidence advocating their use. Additionally, the unification of alternative healings into prevailing healthcare is checked, highlighting the significance of control of product quality, uniformity, and severe dispassionate experiments. While alternative and herbal pharmaceuticals offer hopeful benefits, they too pose challenges, containing instability in effectiveness and potential interactions accompanying unoriginal drugs. The review underlines the need for more inclusive research to confirm the efficacy and security of these analyses. In conclusion, alternative and herbaceous pharmaceuticals show a valuable addition to the healthcare arsenal, supported they are secondhand sensibly and as well evidence-located practices. Future research guidance and policy approvals are projected to embellish the unification of these healings into modern healing practice.
Natural Skin Care Regimen Improves Clinical Parameters and Quality of Life in Children with Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: B. Gunt Hemali
Published: October 2024

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent, chronic inflammatory skin disorder, characterized by xerosis, itching and recurrent eczematous lesions. The condition also has major psychosocial implications for patients and their families. A daily skincare regimen of gentle cleansing and moisturization is an important part of atopic dermatitis therapy. Objective: This study evaluated the tolerability and efficacy of a nature-based shampoo/wash and moisturizer in children with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis Methods: This open-label study involved 23 children (6 months – 13 years) with atopic dermatitis. A daily skin care regimen of nature-based shampoo/wash and moisturizer was used for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was tolerability assessed through clinical grading of erythema, dryness and roughness. The study pediatrician graded the eczema condition using the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), and assessments of stratum corneum hydration and transepidermal water loss were performed before and after treatment. Parent/guardian completed two validated quality of life questionnaires. Results: Twenty children completed the study. Clinical evaluations showed significant improvement in subjects’ atopic disease with daily use of nature-based regimen. Significant reduction in dryness and roughness was observed, indicating that both products were well-tolerated. Moisture content and transepidermal water loss measurements showed directional improvements in skin barrier function. Parent/guardian reported significant improvements in quality-of-life assessments. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that nature-based skin care regimen was well tolerated and improved quality of life and skin condition in children with atopic dermatitis and can be used either alone or in adjunction with traditional treatment for disease control.
Herramienta Stata en el análisis de datos cuantitativos en estudiantes de posgrado en Perú
Authors: Caballero Cifuentes Lolo , Quivio Cuno Richard Santiago , Gutiérrez Guadalupe Sandra Yaquelin , Jaime Andia Mario , Alegre Huerta Jesús , Huamán Hurtado Juan Carlos , Sito Justiniano Luz
Published: October 2024

Introducción: Este artículo analiza el impacto del software Stata en el análisis de datos cuantitativos, una experiencia en estudiantes universitarios de posgrado. Metodología: El tipo de investigación fue experimental, aplica un enfoque cuantitativo con diseño cuasi experimental, la muestra fue no probabilístico, conformando 28 estudiantes para grupo experimental y el mismo número para el grupo control, se aplica instrumentos validados y confiables con el método de dos mitades Spearman Brown. Resultados: El análisis demuestra la comparación de promedios por grupos en ambos momentos de Preprueba y Posprueba. Los promedios fueron más altos y significativos para grupo experimental (15,86) en comparación al grupo control (12,50), el contraste de la prueba con U. Mann Whitney fue estimado al 95% de nivel de confianza y un 5% de significancia que permitió inferir su impacto positivo del aplicativo Stata. Discusión: Los hallazgos encontrados en el estudio fueron muy significativo, mejorando el nivel teórico y práctico en el campo de la investigación científica en los estudiantes al analizar la estadística con el software. Conclusiones: Se concluye que el impacto del software estadístico Stata sí influye positivamente en el análisis de datos cuantitativos.
Tendencias de Investigación en las Cadenas de Suministro de Frutales: Un Análisis Basado en Revisión de Mapeo
Authors: Carrillo Barbosa Yazmid Adriana
Published: October 2024

Introducción: En un mundo globalizado con alta demanda de alimentos frescos, las cadenas de suministro son esenciales para la economía agrícola, especialmente en el sector frutícola, que representa el 22% de la producción agrícola mundial. La naturaleza perecedera de las frutas requiere logística eficiente y condiciones óptimas de almacenamiento. Metodología: Se utilizó una revisión bibliográfica de mapeo con una metodología sistemática que incluyó la planificación, búsqueda de evidencia, selección de estudios, codificación de datos y visualización de hallazgos. Se emplearon herramientas como Zotero y técnicas bibliométricas para el análisis. Resultados: Los resultados destacan la importancia de la sostenibilidad, la reducción del desperdicio de alimentos y la resiliencia en las cadenas de suministro frutícolas. La investigación refleja un creciente interés en la gestión eficiente y sostenible, en respuesta a desafíos globales como el cambio climático y la seguridad alimentaria. Discusión: La optimización de las cadenas de suministro frutícolas se centra en mejorar la logística y reducir el desperdicio, en línea con las tendencias globales que exigen prácticas más sostenibles en la agricultura. Conclusiones: La sostenibilidad y la gestión eficiente son clave para enfrentar los desafíos del cambio climático y asegurar la resiliencia y seguridad alimentaria en el sector frutícola.
Dao động cưỡng bức của dầm nano làm bằng vật liệu FGM có vết nứt
Authors: Liên Trần Văn , Định Trần Bình , Thắng Nguyễn Tất
Published: October 2024

Bài báo trình bày lời giải nghiệm chính xác cho bài toán dao động cưỡng bức của dầm nano có cơ tính biến thiên (FGM) có vết nứt với các điều kiện biên bất kỳ dựa trên lý thuyết đàn hồi không cục bộ (NET) và lý thuyết dầm Timoshenko. Trong đó, NET có xét đến hiệu ứng kích thước của các kết cấu nano, các đặc trưng vật liệu FGM thay đổi phi tuyến theo chiều cao dầm. Mô hình vết nứt gồm hai lò xo đàn hồi với độ cứng phụ thuộc vào độ sâu vết nứt. Phương trình dao động được thiết lập dựa trên nguyên lý Hamilton, NET và lý thuyết dầm Timoshenko với các điều kiện biên khác nhau được thiết lập từ dạng yếu của phương trình chuyển động đã khắc phục nghịch lý không cục bộ. Ảnh hưởng của các tham số hình học, kích thước nano, vật liệu, vết nứt đến dao động cưỡng bức của dầm nano FGM được nghiên cứu chi tiết.
Nghiên cứu ứng xử chịu xoắn của dầm bê tông cốt thép trước và sau nứt
Authors: Sáng Nguyễn Vĩnh , Dũng Nguyễn Anh , Huy Nguyễn Xuân , Thanh Ngọc Trần Cao
Published: October 2024

Một quy trình được sử dụng để phân tích ứng xử của dầm bê tông cốt thép (BTCT) chịu xoắn qua các giai đoạn làm việc trước và sau nứt. Các mô hình lý thuyết khác nhau được sử dụng để phản ánh ứng xử thực tế của dầm trong các giai đoạn chịu tải trọng khác nhau. Để chuyển từ giai đoạn làm việc này qua giai đoạn làm việc khác các tiêu chí đánh giá được xem xét. Mô hình màng hóa mềm (SMM) được phát triển để dự đoán ứng xử của các phần tử màng BTCT chịu cắt được mở rộng cho các cấu kiện BTCT chịu lực xoắn. Phương pháp phân tích này xem xét sự làm việc của dầm BTCT sau nứt giống như một hệ giàn không gian có thanh chống là bê tông chịu nén, thanh kéo là cốt thép dọc và cốt thép đai. Mô hình SMM được sử dụng trong nghiên cứu này khi không xét đến ứng suất chịu kéo của bê tông nhằm đơn giản hóa mô hình tính toán chịu xoắn của dầm. Để dự đoán toàn bộ ứng xử mô men xoắn – góc xoắn của dầm BTCT chịu xoắn trước và sau nứt bê tông, ở giai đoạn trước nứt một mô hình dựa trên lý thuyết đàn hồi, lý thuyết ống thành mỏng, lý thuyết uốn vênh và mô hình vết nứt trơn cũng được sử dụng. Các dự đoán ứng xử lý thuyết được so sánh với các tiêu chuẩn hiện hành thông qua 41 mẫu thử nghiệm của các nghiên cứu trước đây.
Sức chịu tải của cọc khoan nhồi trong đá: Một nghiên cứu điển hình
Authors: Anh Phạm Việt , Mạnh Nguyễn Đức , Tuân Nguyễn , Viên Vũ Công , Thảo Nguyễn Thị Thu , Hà Lê Thị Ngọc
Published: October 2024

Cọc khoan nhồi có mũi cọc ngàm trong nền đá được sử dụng ngày càng phổ biến trong các công trình dân dụng và công trình giao thông. Đa số các phương pháp dự báo sức chịu tải của cọc trong đá hiện nay đều có nhiều điểm không chắc chắn, dẫn đến ước tính khả năng chịu tải rất thận trọng, sức chịu tải huy động thường thấp hơn nhiều so với sức chịu tải có thể của cọc. Một số quan điểm cho rằng phần lớn khả năng chịu tải của cọc được hình thành bởi sức kháng bên của cọc trong đá, không xét đến sức kháng mũi của cọc. Nhiều quan điểm khác cho rằng, sức chịu tải của cọc trong nền đá bao gồm cả hai thành phần ma sát bên và thành phần kháng mũi. Bài báo này tập trung phân tích đánh giá sức chịu tải của cọc khoan nhồi có mũi cọc ngàm vào đá, của dự án thực tế ở khu vực Long Thành, tỉnh Đồng Nai. Kết quả phân tích sẽ chỉ ra mối tương quan giữa sức chịu tải của cọc với thành phần ma sát bên và thành phần kháng mũi cọc, cũng như ảnh hưởng của tải trọng tác dụng lên cọc đến mối tương quan này.
Study of surface layer characteristics in the presence of suspended snow particles using observational data and Large-Eddy Simulation
Authors: Suiazova V. I. , Debolskiy A. V. , Mortikov Е. V.
Published: October 2024

The snowdrift is a two-phase flow consisting of air and suspended particles. In the presence of snow particles in the air, additional stability appears in the surface layer due to the density gradient. The density gradient reduces turbulence and affects the properties of the surface layer. Therefore, to describe the properties of the flow with included snow particles, additional clarifications are required. A description of the surface layer parameterization with the presence of suspended snow particles is presented in this paper. The formulation of the effect of snow particles consists in reformulation of the Obukhov turbulent length scale. The novel surface layer parameterization allows to take into account the effect of snow particles on turbulent flow and may improve the estimates of friction velocity and boundary-layer height.The parameterization was successfully tested on the observational data. Description of snow particles influence was included in the Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) model. The numerical experiments confirmed an increase in the stability of the surface layer. Mechanism of suspended particles influence on the surface layer is analogous to a thermal stabilization of the turbulent flow, in which negative buoyancy acts to reduce the turbulent kinetic energy.
On the possibility of studying the effect of magnetic reconnection in a laboratory astrophysical experiment using X-ray emission L-spectra of multiply charged ions
Authors: Alkhimova М. А. , Makarov S. S. , Skobelev I. Yu. , Ryazantsev S. N. , Filippov E. D.
Published: October 2024

The paper considers the application of X-ray spectroscopy with high spatial resolution for investigation of magnetic reconnection in laboratory astrophysical experiments carried out on laser facilities of nano- and pico-second duration at moderate laser intensity on the target 1018 W/cm2. A brief overview of commonly used experimental schemes is given. We present atomic kinetic calculations for the spectra from the L-shells of Ne- and F-like iron ions (Fe, Z = 26), which demonstrate the high sensitivity of the spectra to changes in plasma parameters. An analysis of the range of applicability of various diagnostic approaches to assessing the electron temperature and laser plasma density is carried out. It is shown that transition lines in Ne-like ions are a universal tool for measuring plasma parameters, both in the region of laser interaction with the target and in the reconnection zone.
Study in the Extreme UV Range of the Spectral Transmission of Nickel Plasma Created under the Effect of an X-Ray Pulse of the Z-Pinch
Authors: Gritsuk A. N. , Mitrofanov K. N. , Aleksandrov V. V. , Branitsky A. V. , Grabovski E. V. , Oleinik G. M. , Frolov I. N. , Basko M. M. , Grushin A. S. , Solomyannaya A. D. , Rodionov N. B.
Published: October 2024

Spectral properties of the high-temperature plasma obtained by exposing a nickel layer to a source of high-power X-ray radiation (a power of 6–10 TW with a duration of 7–10 ns) based on a Z-pinch, formed during implosion of tungsten multi-wire arrays at the Angara-5-1 facility, are studied. In this case, the Z-pinch radiation heats the target and turns it into the hot plasma, and the same radiation probes the target plasma to determine the spectral dependence of the transmission of this plasma. An original scheme is proposed for measuring the incident, transmitted and self-emission of a target simultaneously in one experiment in the frame mode using a grazing incidence diffraction spectrograph. Using laser shadow imaging, experimental data are obtained on the velocity of the plasma expansion on the irradiated and back sides of the target, which reached 100 km/s. Targets made of thin Ni layers deposited on a mylar film are studied. An irradiationinduced multiple increase in the transmission of the target plasma in the EUV range is observed compared to the transmittance of the target in the cold state. The dependence of the absorption spectrum of the plasma and the accompanying self-radiation of the target on the power and shape of the heating pulse is studied. The measurement results are compared with numerical calculations performed using the RALEF-2D two-dimensional radiation code, which has been repeatedly used previously to simulate similar experiments. The shape of the spectral dependence of the transmission in the experiment and calculation is similar in the range of ∼30–200 Å, but the model plasma transmission (∼0.8–0.9) is higher than that obtained using a spectrograph and X-ray multi-frame photography (∼0.5–0.6).
On Anomalous Dissipation in Plasma of Dusty Mercury’s Exosphere
Authors: Popel S. I. , Izvekova Yu. N. , Golub’ A. P.
Published: October 2024

The anomalous dissipation related to the effect of charging of dust particles that gives rise to new physical phenomena, effects, and mechanisms represents one of the main specific features of dusty plasma that makes it different from conventional plasma containing no charged dust particles. We analyze the process of anomalous dissipation in the context of description of the dynamics of dust particles in dusty plasma of the Mercury’s exosphere. An analytical description of oscillations of a dust particle above the surface of Mercury is presented. The frequency of charging of dust particles that characterizes the anomalous dissipation determines the damping of such oscillations. It is demonstrated that the anomalous dissipation is important for substantiation of the model of levitating dust particles that is used for description of dusty plasma above Mercury. The results of numerical simulations that justify the use of the discussed model are presented.
Formation of Extended Tubular Plasma in Argon at Low Pressure and in a Weak Longitudinal Magnetic Field
Authors: Akishev Yu. S. , Bakhtin V. P. , Buleyko A. B. , Loza O. T. , Petryakov A. V. , Ravaev A. A. , Fefelova E. A.
Published: October 2024

The results of experimental studies on the formation and subsequent evolution of extended (l = 300 mm) and thin-walled (Δr ≈ 10 mm) tubular (2r ≈ 110 mm) plasma in a weak longitudinal magnetic field (B = 175 G) without the use of a thermionic cathode are presented. The cylindrical chamber in which the tubular plasma was formed was pumped with high purity argon (99.998%) at an average velocity of about 1 m/s at a pressure of P = 10–3– 10–2 Torr. Two methods of creating seed electrons initiating the development of ionization avalanches were used. The difference inherent to these methods has been established in the dynamics of breakdown, completing in the formation of a tubular discharge. In the first of them, a pulsed discharge preceding the high voltage supply of the main discharge created gas preionization in a small area around the sectioned cathodes. In the second method, seed electrons were created in the entire working area of the discharge chamber by an RF discharge with a frequency of 85 kHz and duration of about 1 s. Highspeed shooting with a 4-frame ICCD camera allowed us to establish the dynamics of tubular discharge formation at all its stages. Measurements of the longitudinal and radial discharge current were carried out. The results we obtained showed the possibility of spatial isolation of an extended tubular plasma from the close located metal wall of the discharge chamber by using a weak longitudinal magnetic field.
Improving the sensory and chemical characteristics of functional yogurt fortified with cardamom extract (Elettaria cardamomum L.)
Authors: Ismael Firas , Alameri Zainab , Kadhim Ali , Hussein Ahmed , Mahdi Saleh , Awda Jasim , Hadi Sara
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This study aimed to assess the effects of aqueous cardamom extract on chemical and sensory qualities of yogurt fortified with cardamom extract. Four different concentrations of cardamom extract (100, 150, 200, and 250 μg.L-1) were incorporated into yogurt, along with a control group without adding cardamom. The moisture content, total protein, carbohydrates, pH, peroxide value, and sensory properties (taste, flavor, and smell) were evaluated. The results show that cardamom extract had no significant effect on the moisture, protein, or carbohydrate content of yoghurt when compared to the control. However, a drop in lipid, pH and peroxide value was seen in cardamom-fortified yoghurt, indicating enhanced lipid quality. Treatments supplemented with 200 and 250 μg.L-1 of extract showed the highest sensory scores. Overall, this study suggests that aqueous cardamom extract holds promise as a functional ingredient to improve yogurt quality and sensory qualities, potentially providing health benefits to consumers. 
Background: Yogurt is typically processed from cream, milk, or partially or completely skimmed milk, and may include additional ingredients such as vitamins, skimmed milk powder, lactose, lactalbumin, lactoglobulin, or modified whey. Cardamom encompasses two plant varieties, Elettaria and Amomum, belonging to the ginger family. These types are triangular in cross-section, bear seeds in bundles, and possess a thin outer membrane encasing black seeds. Whole milk yogurt was fortified with four different concentrations of aqueous cardamom extract. A control group of plain whole milk yogurt without additives was also prepared. The chemical and sensory properties of yogurt types were analyzed immediately after manufacturing and storage for 1, 3 and 7 days at 5 ±1 °C. 
Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of aqueous cardamom extract on chemical and sensory qualities, which are critical for functional foods, of functional yogurt made from raw, whole cow's milk. Four concentrations (100, 150, 200, and 250 μg.L-1)  of cardamom extract were incorporated into yogurt, along with a control group without added cardamom. The moisture content, total protein, carbohydrates, pH, peroxide value, and sensory properties (taste, flavor, and smell) were evaluated.  
 Materials and Methods: Raw, whole cow's milk was used to make yogurt production in the laboratory. Five kilograms of raw, full-fat cow's milk was heated for 10 minutes at 90 °C, then cooled to 42 °C and divided into two parts. The first was divided into four fractions, each receiving a different concentration of cardamom extract: 100, 150, 200, and 250 μg/L, representing treatments T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. The second part remained untreated and served as the control treatment (C) for yogurt production.
Mechanical, Fracture, and Thermal Characterization of Post-Cured Hybrid Epoxy Nanocomposites Reinforced with Graphene Nanoplatelets and h-Boron Nitride
Authors: Umarfarooq M.A. , Choukimath Mantesh , Banapurmath N. R.
Published: October 2024

The post-curing process of cured composites is essential in enhancing the strength, stiffness, elevating the glass transition temperature, and reducing residual stress in polymer thermoset composites. The curing temperature and time are the key factors that affect these properties. In-situ polymerization method was used to prepare composites with varying weight percentages of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanofillers (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 wt% GNP-based composites; 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 wt% h-BN-based composites; 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 wt% h-BN+GNP-based composites). The cured composites were post-cured at temperatures of 80°C, 120°C, and 160°C for 120 minutes in a hot air oven. The presence of GNPs and h-BNs in the composites is confirmed using Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Further mechanical and thermal properties were evaluated by conducting tensile, flexural, impact, fracture and differential scanning thermometry (DSC) tests. The simulation analyses were performed using Ansys software, and the results demonstrated a strong correlation with the experimental data, with discrepancies between the two consistently within a standard margin of 20%.
A real-time network traffic classification system using cost-sensitive deep neural networks
Authors: Bechoo Chandrashekhar , Mungur Avinash
Published: October 2024

Due to the continuous growth of Internet and online applications, network traffic classification is not only becoming one of the most crucial disciplines in network management but is also becoming quintessential for providing advanced tasks such as Quality of Service and network security. Moreover, even though many studies have been undertaken in recent years, real-time encrypted traffic classification continues to be an important challenge in the field of network traffic classification. Therefore, in this paper a real-time network traffic classification system is proposed together with five new models. The real-time classification system classified each incoming real-time packets into appropriate classes of interest and the five new models make use of a cost-sensitive learning strategy to deal with the unbalanced data problem during the training phase. The proposed models, which are called Cost-Sensitive Long-Short Term Memory (CSLSTM), Cost-Sensitive Gated Recurrent Unit (CSGRU), Cost-Sensitive Convolution Neural Network (CSCNN), CSNN with LSTM and CSCNN with GRU, can handle both traffic categorization and application identification. These proposed models were compared with prominent methods in this field and the proposed CSCNN was observed to outperform the researched deep learning models by at least 4% to 16% in correctly classifying packets from the ISCX VPN-nonVPN dataset.
Flood Frequency Analysis With Gumbel's Extreme Value Distribution
Authors: Badaluta Minda Codruta
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the results of a study aimed at analysing the flood frequency of the Nera River using the Gumbel distribution. One of the major problems faced by water resources engineering design specialists is the estimation of peak flows. The instantaneous peak flow data over a period of 30 water years (1993-2022) were collected from National Water Authority. For this analysis the return period (T) used is 2 years, 10 years, 50 years, 100 years, 150 years.
Společná obchodní politika Evropské unie jako příklad supranacionálního přístupu k integraci
Authors: Hřích Jan
Published: October 2024

Jednou z tzv. společných politik ES (kromě společné zemědělské a společné dopravní politiky) je společná (vnější) obchodní politika. Jde o oblast aktivit Společenství, která plně spadá do pravomoci orgánů ES (zejména Rady a Komise). Rada zde přitom rozhoduje na základě kvalifikované většiny a poměrně značný prostor je při realizaci této politiky vyhrazen rovněž pro samostatné aktivity Komise. Společná obchodní politika (SOP) představuje jednu z primárních oblastí uplatnění supranacionálního přístupu k integraci, a to jak z hlediska historického (byla kodifikována již v původní Římské smlouvě z roku 1957; uplatňovat se začala - byť nejdříve s jistými výhradami - po uplynutí dvanáctiletého přechodného období, tedy od počátku 70. let), tak i z hlediska logiky celého integračního procesu. To ovšem plně neplatí o určitých mezních oblastech obchodní politiky (např. o podporu exportu), kde si členské státy stále uchovávají velkou část pravomocí, a to bez ohledu na to, že Smlouva o založení ES řadí pod SOP rovněž vývozní politiku. Stať si klade za cíl podrobněji seznámit čtenáře se SOP ES a s jejími nástroji. Přitom ukazuje, že existence možnosti supranacionálního rozhodování v rámci integračního seskupení představuje důležitou podmínku provádění účinné SOP, která je zase mj. podmínkou funkční celní unie. Všímá si rovněž změn, které do smluvní úpravy SOP vnáší (dosud neratifikovaná) Smlouva z Nice. Tyto změny smluvní úpravu poněkud komplikují, což je dáno zejména tím, že členské státy nebyly ochotny přistoupit na automatické rozšíření předmětu na supranacionálním základě prováděné SOP o některé oblasti, které s obchodem se zbožím úzce souvisejí a jejichž význam v poslední době značně vzrůstá (zejména obchod se službami a tzv. obchodní aspekty práv duševního vlastnictví). Přesnější vymezení pravomocí v některých citlivých oblastech by ovšem mělo přispět k efektivnějšímu fungování SOP, nezatíženému kompetenčními spory mezi orgány ES a členskými státy.
Štátna suverenita dnes a v minulosti
Authors: Šmihula Daniel
Published: October 2024

Daniel Šmihula, nar. 1972, po studiu na matematickém gymnáziu absolvoval Lékařskou fakultu Univerzity Komenského v Bratislavě (1996). Od roku 1994 je studentem Právnické fakulty téže univerzity a od roku 1998 Výběrového vzdělávacího spolku. Aktivně se věnuje publicistické činnosti. Zabývá se zejména slovenskou zahraniční politikou, jakož i problematikou postsovětského prostoru a vztahy Sever-Jih.
Odpověď na polemiku
Authors: Königová Lucie
Published: October 2024

Lucie Königová, nar. 1975, absolventka Filozofické fakulty Univerzity Karlovy (obor politologie a překladatelství & tlumočnictví angličtina), členka Asociace pro studium mezinárodních vztahů.
Kniha o "racionalitě" iracionální africké politiky
Authors: Gedlu Mesfin
Published: October 2024

P. Chabal, J. P. Daloz: Africa Works: Disorder as Political Instrument. 1st ed. Oxford: James Currey, 1999, 170 stran, ISBN 0-85255-814-7.
Rethinking the Future
Authors: Houžvička Václav
Published: October 2024

Rethinking the Future.
Original Czech Biography of George C. Marshall
Authors: Krátký Karel
Published: October 2024

Jan Wanner: George C. Marshall, tvůrce armád a aliancí. Paseka, Praha, Litomyšl 1998, 384 stran, ISBN 80-7185-177-9.
АНАЛІЗ ВПЛИВУ КУТА СТРІЛОПОДІБНОСТІ НА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ СТАТИЧНОЇ АЕРОПРУЖНОСТІ КРИЛА НАВЧАЛЬНО-ТРЕНУВАЛЬНОГО ЛІТАКА
Authors: Гребеніков О. Г. , Соболєв О. О.
Published: October 2024

The article is dedicated to the analysis of static aeroelastic phenomena in the wing of a trainer aircraft and the general influence of wing sweep on critical speeds. Aeroelasticity studies the interaction between aerodynamic and elastic forces and the impact of this interaction on the aircraft's structure. There are two types of aeroelasticity: static and dynamic. The article reviews and analyzes publications related to this issue. The analysis of the research shows that when designing an aircraft, it is necessary to determine the aeroelastic characteristics of its aerodynamic surfaces. In addition to structural rigidity, the sweep angle also influences these phenomena. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that, unlike the analyzed research, the designed wing structure of a trainer aircraft is considered.For the designed trainer aircraft, the critical speeds of static aeroelastic phenomena were determined. The calculation of the influence of the wing sweep angle on the divergence speeds of the trainer aircraft confirms previously obtained results regarding this influence. When the sweep is increased or decreased for wings with the same span, the torsional rigidity of the wing decreases due to the increase in the length of the line of centers of rigidity. However, the most significant impact on the aeroelastic characteristics is made by the shift of the bending center when the sweep angle changes.With forward sweep, the arm of the aerodynamic forces relative to the bending center increases, thereby reducing the critical divergence speeds. For straight sweep, as the sweep increases, the bending center moves forward, and at a certain point, the bending center is located in front of the aerodynamic center. This means that the wing twist angle decreases as the aerodynamic force increases, which, in the considered planar case, eliminates the occurrence of divergence.The preliminarily determined maximum flight speed does not exceed the critical speeds of divergence and aileron reversal. This result represents the practical value of the study. To achieve higher flight speeds, wings with straight sweep should be used. More precise computational or experimental methods for determining aeroelastic characteristics should be used in the subsequent design stages to prevent aeroelastic phenomena across the entire operational range of speeds and altitudes of the trainer aircraft.