bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
4-p-Tolylazo-5-trifluoromethyl-2,4-dihydropyrazol-3-one
Authors: Zohdi Hussein , Rateb Nora
Published: April 2009

To a cold solution of 5-trifluoromethyl-2,4-dihydropyrazol-3-one [1,2] (0.76 g, 5 mmol) in ethanol (25 ml) containing sodium acetate (0.82 g, 10 mol), p-tolyldiazonium chloride [ca. 5 mmol; prepared by adding a solution of sodium nitrite (5 mmol / 2 ml H2O) to an ice cold solution of p-toluidine in 2 ml conc. HCl] was added dropwise with stirring at 0-5°C.[...]
8,12-Diethyl-4,16-dimethyl-1,3,8,12,17,18-hexaazatricyclo[12.2.1.13,6]octadeca-4,6(18), 14(17), 15-tetraene
Authors: Berhili Farid , Touzani Rachid , Ramdani Abdelkrim , El Kadiri Sghir
Published: April 2009

A suspension of sodium carbonate (12 g, 120 mmol) in acetonitrile (250 mL) was refluxed under magnetic stirring, then a solution of bis-(3-chloromethyl-5-methylpyrazolyl)methane (1) (2 g, 7 mmol) [1, 2] and diamine 2 (0.95 g , 7 mmol) in acetonitrile (50 mL) was added dropwise.[...]
10,14-Dibenzyl-6,18-dimethyl-1,5,10,14,19,20-hexaazatricyclo[14.2.1.15,8]icosa-6,8(20), 16(19), 17-tetraene
Authors: Berhili Farid , Touzani Rachid , Ramdani Abdelkrim , El Kadiri Sghir
Published: April 2009

A suspension of sodium carbonate (12 g, 120 mmol) in acetonitrile (250 mL) was refluxed under magnetic stirring, then a solution of bis-(3-chloromethyl-5-methylpyrazolyl)propane (1) (2.03 g, 7 mmol) [1-3] and diamine 2 (1.86 g , 7 mmol) in acetonitrile (50 mL) was added dropwise.[...]
10,14-(Cyanomethyl)-6,18-dimethyl-1,5,9,14,19,20-hexaazatricyclo[14.2.1.15,8]icosa-6,8(20), 16(19), 17-tetraene
Authors: Berhili Farid , Touzani Rachid , Ramdani Abdelkrim , El Kadiri Sghir
Published: April 2009

A suspension of sodium carbonate (12 g, 120 mmol) in acetonitrile (250 mL) was refluxed under magnetic stirring, then a solution of bis-(3-chloromethyl-5-methylpyrazolyl)propane (1) (2.03 g, 7 mmol) [1-3] and diamine 2 (1.9 g , 7 mmol) in acetonitrile (50 mL) was added dropwise.[...]
(±)-7-methoxy-2-methyl-1-oxaspiro[4,5]deca-6,9-diene-8-one
Authors: Plourde Guy
Published: April 2009

The discussion and purpose for the synthesis of this compound has been reported elsewhere [1].[...]
(±)-1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-3-pentanol
Authors: Plourde Guy
Published: April 2009

The discussion and purpose for the synthesis of this compound has been reported elsewhere [1].[...]
(±)-7-Methoxy-2-ipropyl-1-oxaspiro[4,5]deca-6,9-diene-8-one
Authors: Plourde Guy
Published: April 2009

The discussion and purpose for the synthesis of this compound has been reported elsewhere [1].[...]
1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-pentanone
Authors: Plourde Guy
Published: April 2009

The discussion and purpose for the synthesis of this compound has been reported elsewhere [1].[...]
(±)-2-tButyl-7-methoxy-1-oxaspiro[4,5]deca-6,9-diene-8-one
Authors: Plourde Guy
Published: April 2009

The discussion and purpose for the synthesis of this compound has been reported elsewhere [1].[...]
Trimethyl 2-Hydroxy-2-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)-6-oxo-1,3,5-cyclohexanetricarboxylate
Authors: Stoyanov Edmont
Published: April 2009

Aromatic aldehydes react with dimethyl acetonedicarboxylate in molar ratio 1:2 with spontaneous intermolecular Michael addition to give polysubstituted cyclohexanones [1].[...]
5-(1-Acetamido)benzyl-5-methyl Imidazolidin-2,4-dione
Authors: Thennarasu S. , Perumal P. T.
Published: April 2009

A general two-step method for the synthesis of 5,5-disubstituted imidazolidin-2,4-diones has been reported elsewhere [1].[...]
3a,23-O-Isopropylidenyl-2a,19a-dihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid, A New Pentacyclic Triterpene Isolated from Rubus aleaefolius as a New Cell Cycle Inhibitor
Authors: Zhao Qing-Chun , Cui Cheng-Bin , Cai Bing , Yao Xin-Sheng , Osada Hiroyouki
Published: April 2009

Recently we have reported [1] six new cell cycle inhibitors belonging to plant polyphenolics from Rubus aleaefolius Poir. (family Rosacae), the source plant of a traditional Chinese medicine Cuye Xuangouzi, which is used also as a folk medicine to cure certain cancers in partial area of China.[...]
1,2-Bis(p-phenyl-carbamic Acid Phenyl Ester)ethane
Authors: Scortanu Elena , Caraculacu Adrian
Published: April 2009

The experimental procedure follows the general synthesis by the addition reaction of isocyanates with phenols [1, 2].[...]
Phenylacetic Acid (3S,6S)-6-Acetoxy-8-methyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl Ester
Authors: Niu Yin-Yao , Lu Yang
Published: April 2009

The fact that the configuration of derivatives of acetic acid 8-methyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl ester was considered having significant influence on the muscarinic activity [1] prompted us to synthesize the chiral compounds with the skeleton in order to study the structure-activity relationship.[...]
Acetic Acid 3-(2-Chloro-benzoylamino)-8-methyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl Ester
Authors: Niu Yin-Yao , Lu Yang
Published: April 2009

Acetic acid 3-(2-chloro-benzoylamino)-8-methyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl ester is a candidate for the study of muscarinic cholinergic agonist and the structure-activity relationship [1].[...]
(2-Amino-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)methanone
Authors: Mel'chin Vladimir
Published: April 2009

A mixture of ketone 1 (1.00 g, 5 mmol) [1], iron powder (1.39 g, 24 mmol), glacial acetic acid (1.02 mL, 18 mmol), water (5 mL) and ethyl acetate (5 mL) was refluxed with stirring for 4-5 h (TLC monitoring).[...]
2-[3-(2-Oxo-2-phenylethylidene)-1,4-dihydro-6-methyl Quinoxalin-2-ylidene]-1-phenyl Ethanone
Authors: Bouabdallah Ibrahim , Zidane Ismail , Malek Fouad , Touzani Rachid , El Kodadi Mohamed , Ramdani Abdelkrim
Published: April 2009

To a solution of dienone 2 [1] (1 g, 3.4 mmol) in absolute ethanol (20 mL) was added 4-methyl o-phenylenediamine 1 (0.41 g, 3.4 mmol) and the mixture was refluxed for 1 hour [2, 3].[...]
6-(N-Benzylmethoxycarbonyl-asparagyl-O-benzylester)-amido-6-deoxy-b-cyclodextrine
Authors: Graf Thorsten , Koenig Burkhard
Published: April 2009

6-Amino-6-deoxy-b-cyclodextrine (1) was prepared according to the literature [1,2] in a three step synthesis.[...]
1-(o-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropenone N-Benzoylhydrazone
Authors: Kotali Antigoni
Published: April 2009

As part of a research programme targeting novel molecules derived from o-hydroxyaryl ketone hydrazones[1,2], we synthesised 2,2´-dihydroxybenzophenone N-carbonylethoxyhydrazone.[...]
Carbazol-9-yl-methanol
Authors: Viktor Milata , Rudolf Kada , Ján Lokaj
Published: April 2009

9H-Carbazole derivatives are known to have fluorescent properties and therefore they have exploitation in analytical chemistry, especially in bioanalytical chemistry.[...]
Methyl 6-formyl-8-methoxy-2-oxo-2H-chromene-4-carboxylate
Authors: Asiri Abdullah
Published: April 2009

A mixture of Vanillin 1 (0.5 g, 3.3 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (0.86 g, 3.3 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2.[...]
Ethyl 6-formyl-8-methoxy-2-oxo-2H-chromene-4-carboxylate
Authors: Asiri Abdullah
Published: April 2009

A mixture of vanillin 1 ( 0.5g, 3.3mmol) and triphenylphosphine ( 0.86g, 3.3mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2.[...]
(3S)-Tosyl-24-methyl-elemo-lanosta-8,24(31)-diene-7,11-dione
Authors: Mazoir N. , Auhmani A. , Dakir M. , Itto My. , Benharref A.
Published: April 2009

To a solution of 11 (1g, 1.68mmol) in 20ml of acetone, was added (0.50g, 0.85mmol) of chromic anhydride2.[...]
2-{bis[(1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl]amino}ethanol
Authors: El Kodadi Mohamed , Malek Fouad , Touzani Rachid , Ramdani Abdelkrim
Published: April 2009

To a mixture of 3-chloromethyl-1,5-dimethylpyrazole 1 [1] (6g, 41mmol) and sodium carbonate (17g, 160mmol) in 150 mL of acetonitrile was added slowly 2-aminoethanol 2 (1.25g, 20.5 mmol).[...]
Synthesis of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(4-methoxyphenylazo) benzaldehyde. A new aldehyde for the preparation of biologically active molecules.
Authors: Jarrahpour A. , Esmaeilbeig A. , Zarei M.
Published: April 2009

Diazo compounds have interesting biological activities [1,2,3,4].[...]
Synthesis of (3,4-bis{[2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(4-methylphenyl azo)benzylidene]-amino}phenyl) phenyl methanone as a novel azo Schiff base
Authors: Jarrahpour A. , Zarei M.
Published: April 2009

Schiff bases are used as substrates in the preparation of a large of bioactive and industrial compounds via ring closure, cycloaddition, replacement reactions, etc [1].[...]
2,2,2-Trichloro-1,1-dimethylethyl bromoacetate
Authors: Kovács Lajos , Forgó Péter , Kele Zoltán , Klement Éva
Published: April 2009

In our previous work we have demonstrated the utility of the 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethyl (b, b, b-trichloro-tert-butyl, Tcb) group for the protection of carboxylic acids [1].[...]
3-methyl-1-[3-(3-methyl-2-oxobutylidene)-1,4-dihydro-quinoxalin-2-ylidene]butan-2-one.
Authors: Bouabdallah Ibrahim , Zidane Ismail , Touzani Rachid , Malek Fouad , El Kodadi Mohamed , Ramdani Abdelkrim
Published: April 2009

To a solution of 3,8-dihydroxy-2,9-dimethyl deca-3,7-diene-5,6-dione 2 [1] (270 mg, 1.2 mmol) in absolute ethanol (20 mL) was added the orthophenylenediamine 1 (129 mg, 1.2 mmol) and the mixture was refluxed for one hour [2].[...]
(Z)-3-(2-Nitrophenyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)acrylonitrile
Authors: Asiri Abdullah
Published: April 2009

(2Z)-3-(2-Nitrophenyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)acrylonitrile (3) was prepared by Knoevenagel condensation of 2-nitrobenzaldehyde 1 and 4-methylphenylacetonitrile 2 in ethanol using KOH as a base [1,2].[...]
3-Methyl-3-(6,6,6a-trimethyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-yl)-butan-2-one
Authors: Castro Juan , Porras Ramón , Linares-Palomino Pablo , Salido Sofía , Altarejos Joaquín , Nogueras Manuel , Sánchez Adolfo
Published: April 2009

A 40% aqueous solution of sulfuric acid (0.5 mL) was added to a stirred solution of 3,3-dimethyl- 4-hydroxy-5-(2,2,3-trimethyl-3-cyclopentenyl)-pentan-2-one (1) (630 mg, 2.65 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) and the mixture refluxed for 1.5 h.[...]
exo-N-(5,5-Dimethyl-6-methylene-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide
Authors: Badía Concepción , Castro Juan , Linares-Palomino Pablo , Salido Sofía , Altarejos Joaquín , Nogueras Manuel , Sánchez Adolfo
Published: April 2009

p-Toluenesulfonic acid (35 mg, 0.20 mmol) was added to a stirred mixture of campholenic aldehyde (1) (725 mg, 3.81 mmol) and p-toluenesulfonamide (1.22 g, 6.96 mmol) in toluene (20 mL).[...]
Synthesis of 4,6-bis(thiomorpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,2,3-benzenetriol
Authors: Velázquez A. Ma. , Torres L. , González R. , Valencia A. , Martínez I. , Pecina A. , Menconi I. , Martínez L. , Ramírez A. , Hernández R. , López-Castañares R. , Olvera-Neria O. , Angeles E.
Published: April 2009

4,6-bis(thiomorpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,2,3-benzenetriol (2) was prepared from pyrogalol (1) and thiomorpholine and formaldehyde (37%) in methanol as solvent.[...]
Synthesis of 4-chloro-2-(thiomorpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenol
Authors: Velázquez A. Ma. , Torres L. , González R. , Valencia A. , Pecina A. , Menconi I. , Martínez I. , Martínez L. , Ramírez A. , Hernández R. , López-Castañares R. , Olvera-Neria O. , Angeles E.
Published: April 2009

4-chloro-2-(thiomorpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenol (2) was prepared from 4-chlorophenol (1) and thiomorpholine and formaldehyde (37%) in methanol as solvent.[...]
5-Ferrocnylidene(1,3-diethylthiobarbituric acid)
Authors: Asiri Abdullah Mohamed
Published: April 2009

There is considerable interest in the synthesis of new materials with large second-order optical non-linearity because of their potential applications in optical data storage, telecommunications and optical signals processing 1-4.[...]
4-Methyl-N-(2,2,4,4-tetrachloro-5-methyl-3-oxo-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1.]oct-6-en-1-ylmethyl)-benzenesulfonamide
Authors: Meining Holger , Föhlisch Baldur
Published: April 2009

A mixture of 1 [1] (2.65 g, 10 mmol) and pentachloroacetone [2] (3.23 g, 14 mmol) was cooled in an ice bath.[...]
4-Methyl-N-(5-methyl-3-oxo-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1.]oct-6-en-1-ylmethyl)-benzenesulfonamide
Authors: Meining Holger , Föhlisch Baldur
Published: April 2009

Zinc powder (10.6 g, 160 mmol) was given to an ice-cold solution of methanol (40 mL) saturated with ammonium chloride.[...]
A Rapid Synthesis of the 3-Methyl-5-(Methylsulfanyl)-1-Phenyl-1H-Pyrazolo[4,3-e]-[1,2,4]Triazine from Phenylhydrazone of 5-Acetyl-3-(Methylsulfanyl)-1,2,4-Triazine under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Mojzych Mariusz
Published: April 2009

The combination of microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions leads to enhanced reaction rates, higher yields of pure products, easier work-up and several advantages of the eco-friendly approach in the framework of green-chemistry [1,2].[...]
Synthesis of N-Isopropylidene-N’-(3-Methyl-1-Phenyl-1H-Pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]Triazin-5-yl)-Hydrazine and N-Benzylidene-N’-(3-Methyl-1-Phenyl-1H-Pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]Triazin-5-yl)-Hydrazine
Authors: Mojzych Mariusz
Published: April 2009

As part of our ongoing research program on bicyclic heteroaromatics chemistry [1,2,3,4] we synthesised the title compounds with the goal of performing structure-activity relationship studies.[...]
Synthesis of 5-(2-aminoethoxy)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-E][1,2,4]triazine
Authors: Mojzych Mariusz
Published: April 2009

A variety of naturally occurring O- and N-derivatives of 1H-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazine exhibit an interesting combination of biological activity [1,2].[...]
3-(2,5-Bis-dodecyl-4-iodo-phenylethynyl)-[1,10]-phenanthroline
Authors: Habibi Davood
Published: April 2009

The experimental procedure follows a protocol developed by Sonogashira [1].[...]
3-(2,5-Bis-dodecyloxy-4-iodo-phenylethynyl)-[1,10]-phenanthroline
Authors: Habibi Davood
Published: April 2009

The experimental procedure follows a protocol developed by Sonogashira [1].[...]
3-(2,5-Diethoxy-4-iodo-phenylethynyl)-[1,10]-phenanthroline
Authors: Habibi Davood
Published: April 2009

The experimental procedure follows a protocol developed by Sonogashira [1].[...]
3-(2,5-Diethyl-4-iodo-phenylethynyl)-[1,10]-phenanthroline
Authors: Habibi Davood
Published: April 2009

The experimental procedure follows a protocol developed by Sonogashira [1].[...]
3,8-Bis-trimethylsilanylethynyl-[1,10]-phenanthroline
Authors: Habibi Davood
Published: April 2009

The experimental procedure follows a protocol developed by Sonogashira [1] and recently used for the preparation of macrocyclic phenanthrolines [2].[...]
3,8-Diethynyl-[1,10]-phenanthroline
Authors: Habibi Davood
Published: April 2009

The experimental procedure follows a protocol developed by Eaborn [1].[...]
1-Hydroxymethyl-3-phenyl-5-methylpyrazole
Authors: Bouabdallah Ibrahim , Ramdani Abdelkrim , Zidane Ismail , Touzani Rachid
Published: April 2009

To a solution of 3-phenyl-5-methylpyrazole 1 [1] (7.11 g, 45 mmol) in ethanol (60 mL) was added formaldehyde 2 (3.85 g, 45 mmol, 35 %) and the mixture was refluxed for 90 minutes [2,3].[...]
Synthesis of 3-[(4-{3-[(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-yliden)amino]phenoxy}phenyl)imino]-1H-indol-2-one as a novel Schiff base
Authors: Jarrahpour A. A. , Khalili D.
Published: April 2009

Isatin is an endogenous compound isolated in 1988 [1] and reported to possess a wide range of central nervous system activities [2,3].[...]
N-{(2Z)-4-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]but-2-enyl}-1,8-naphthalimide
Authors: Kowalska Teresa , Kowalski Piotr
Published: April 2009

In continuation of our interest on synthesis and properties of arylpiperazine derivatives investigated as a serotonin receptors ligands [1,2,3], herein we presented one-pot synthesis of N-{(2Z)-4-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]but-2-enyl}-1,8-naphthalimide (4).[...]
3-Bromomethyl-1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazine and 3-Dibromomethyl-1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazine
Authors: Mojzych Mariusz
Published: April 2009

As part of our research programme we have synthesized the title compounds as valuable intermediates for the preparation of acyclonucleosides-biologically active molecules.[...]
3-Nitropyridin-2-yl hydrazone of 5-Acetyl-3-phenyl-1,2,4-triazine
Authors: Mojzych Mariusz
Published: April 2009

In continuation of previous work on the polyfunctionally substituted 1H-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazine [1,2] we have reported here preparation of 3-nitropyridin-2-yl hydrazone of 5-acetyl-3-phenyl-1,2,4-triazine 3 being valuable intermediate for the synthesis of nitro derivative of this ring system.[...]
Synthesis of β-D galactopyranosyl amino-(N-salicylidene) - 2, 3, 4, 6-tetra-O-acetate as a new chiral Schiff base for asymmetric transformations
Authors: Jarrahpour A. A. , Alvand P. , Arab R. , Beheshti A.
Published: April 2009

Carbohydrates constitute a class of inexpensive natural products of high chiral content [1].[...]
Synthesis of 3,3´-[methylenebis(3,1-phenylenenitrilo)]bis[1,3-dihydro]-2H-indol-2-one as a novel bis-Schiff base
Authors: Jarrahpour A. A. , Khalili D.
Published: April 2009

Isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) was first obtained by Erdman and Laurent in 1841 as a product from the oxidation of indigo by nitric and chromic acids [1].[...]
6,19-Dimethyl-10,15-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1,5,10,15,20,21-hexaaza-tricyclo[15.2.1.15,8]heneicosa-6,8(21),17(20),18-tetraene
Authors: Touzani Rachid , Ramdani Abdelkrim , El Kadiri Sghir
Published: April 2009

Despite the numerous polydentate macrocyclic structures already described as neutral receptors for various substrates [1,2,3], the search for new receptor families is still important with a view to obtaining molecules capable of molecular recognition, transport, selective catalysis or biological models.[...]
10,14-Dibenzyl-6,18-dimethyl-1,5,10,14,19,20-hexaaza-tricyclo[14.2.1.15,8]eicosa-6,8(20),16(19),17-tetraen-12-ol
Authors: Touzani Rachid , Ramdani Abdelkrim , El Kadiri Sghir
Published: April 2009

Macrocyclic chemistry is one of the fastest growing fields in chemistry.[...]
Synthesis of Benzyl 2-(4-(8-chloro-5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepin-11-yl)piperazin-1-yl)acetate
Authors: Camerino Michelle , Capuano Ben , Crosby Ian , Lloyd Edward
Published: April 2009

As part of our research programme, we have synthesized the title compound as an intermediate for the preparation of a zwitterionic analogue of the atypical antipsychotic, clozapine.[...]
2-(cyclohex-2-enyloxy)-isoindole-1,3-dione
Authors: Coseri Sergiu
Published: April 2009

A degassed mixture containing 0.245 mmol cyclohexene and 0.05 mmol N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI),1,2 in 5 mL acetonitrile was added to a degassed solution of lead tetraacetate3 (0.025 mmol in 5 mL acetonitrile) under nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature.[...]
Synthesis and acidic properties of novel 3-methyl-4-[(2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-5-il)-thioacetylamino]-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one
Authors: Yüksek Haydar , Alkan Muzaffer , Bahçeci Şule
Published: April 2009

A number of studies involving the determination of pKa values of some 4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one derivatives in non-aqueous solvents has been revealed [1,2,3].[...]
Synthesis of tridentate Nitrogen Ligand : N,N-bis-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-ylmethyl)benzylamine (NNNN)
Authors: Daoudi Maria , Bennani Brahim , Zahid Assou , Mchich Mohamed , Ben Hadda Taibi
Published: April 2009

The product 2 was prepared by the addition of benzylamine (C6H5CH2NH2) to 1 [1] according to the reported procedure [2].[...]
Synthesis of 4-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-5-acetyl-6-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-thione
Authors: Aydin Fatma
Published: April 2009

4-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-5-acetyl-6-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-thione was prepared from benzoxyacetone (1) (1.62 g, 10 mmol), N,N-dimethylaniline (2) (1.21 g, 10 mmol) and thiourea (3) (1.140 g, 15 mmol) in dichloromethane (15 mL) as solvent using KF/Al2O3 (5 g) as a catalysis.[...]
5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-3-(1-methoxyiminoethyl)-1-methylsulfonylisoquinoline
Authors: Lipińska Teodozja , Iwańska Beata
Published: April 2009

As part of research programme directed to the synthesis of novel heterocyclic compounds pharmacologically interesting [1] via ring transformation of 1,2,4-triazine derivatives, we synthesized the title compounds 3 via two step process.[...]
5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-3-(1-methoxyiminobutyl)-1-methylsulfonylisoquinoline
Authors: Lipińska Teodozja , Olender Ewa
Published: April 2009

As part of research programme directed to the synthesis of novel heterocyclic compounds pharmacologically interesting [1] via ring transformation of 1,2,4-triazine derivatives, we synthesized the title compounds 3 via two step process.[...]
Diethyl 2,6-Dimethyl,4-(1,1,1-trichloromethyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate
Authors: Aydin Fatma , Ozen Recep
Published: April 2009

In 1882, Hantzsch reported the first synthesis of dialkyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethylpyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates from a refluxing mixture of an aldehyde, a β-ketoester, and aqueous ammonium hydroxide in ethanol.[...]
1-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-3-(1’-tolyl-3’-(ethoxycarbonyl)5’-hydroxypyrazolyl)-2-oxo quinoxaline
Authors: Ferfra Souad , Ahabchane Noureddine , Essassi El Mokhtar
Published: April 2009

To a solution of hydrazonoyl bromide (5.70 g, 0.02 mol) 2 and 1 [1] (3.18 g, 0.01 mol) in tetrahydrofuran (60 ml) was added triethylamine (2.02 g, 0.02 mol in 10 ml of THF).[...]
1-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-3-(ethoxycarbonylmethylene)-2-oxo quinoxaline
Authors: Ferfra Souad , Ahabchane Noureddine , Essassi El Mokhtar
Published: April 2009

The compound 3, which exists in tautomeric equilibria between enamine (form A) and methylene imine (form B), was prepared by addition of ethoxycarbonylmethyl chloride 2 (1.23g, 0.01 mol) to a solution of 3-(ethoxycarbonylmethylene)-2-oxo quinoxaline, 1 [1] (2.32 g, 0.01 mol) in 60 ml DMF, K2CO3 (1.38g, 0.01mol) and triethylbenzylammonium chloride (0.001 mol).[...]
Synthesis of 8-Chloro-11-(4-(3-(p-tolyloxy)propyl)piperazin-1-yl)-5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine
Authors: Capuano Ben , Crosby Ian , Lim Sean , Lloyd Edward , Yuriev Elizabeth
Published: April 2009

n/a
Esterification and hydrolysis under microwave irradiation
Authors: Desai Krunal , Desai Kishor
Published: April 2009

p-methoxy benzoicacid 1 (1.67 g, 0.01 mole) and catalytic amount of conc. H2SO4 (2-3 drops) in absolute methanol (30 mL) was taken in RBF placed in a microwave oven and irradiated (400w, 61-62oC) for 2.5 min [1].[...]
Synthesis of 5,5-diphenyl-3-(methylthiomethyl)hydantoin and 5,5-diphenyl-3-(methysulfonylomethyl)hydantoin
Authors: Grzegożek Maria , Nowak Krystyna , Szpakiewicz Barbara
Published: April 2009

In view of potential biological activity of 5,5-diphenylhydantoin derivatives (psychotropic agents)[1,2,3] we obtained 5,5-diphenyl-3-(methylthiomethyl)hydantoin (2) in reaction of 5,5-diphenylhydantoin (1) with DMSO and subsequently undergo its oxidation reaction to 5,5-diphenyl-3-(methysulfonylomethyl)hydantoin (3) [4].[...]
Synthesis, Physical Characterization, Antibacterial and Antifungal activities of a novel bis(3-((E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino)phenyl)methanone
Authors: Jalbout A. F. , Jarrahpour A. A. , Brunel J. M. , Salmi C. , Rezaei S. , Trzaskowski B.
Published: April 2009

Bis (3-((E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl) ethylideneamino) phenyl) methanone has been synthesized in this paper and its structure was confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR and Mass spectra. Its AM1 and B3LYP/6-31G* calculations to characterize the physical properties of this molecule has been also presented. Finally, the antifungal and antibacterial activities of this derivative have been evaluated.
Synthesis of 6-chloro-2-(propargyloxy)quinoline-4-carboxylic acid and propargyl 6-chloro-2-(propargyloxy)quinoline-4-carboxylate
Authors: Bouhfid R. , Essassi E.M.
Published: April 2009

The quinoline ring systems are important structural units in naturally occurring alkaloids and synthetic analogues with interesting biological activities.[...]
2-[(2-Hydroxy-naphthalen-1-ylmethylene)-amino]- 5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta [b] thiophene-3-carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester
Authors: Asiri Abdullah Mohamed
Published: April 2009

Schiff bases from 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde have often been used as chelating ligands in the field coordination chemistry [1].[...]
Synthesis of N-[N’-(2-hydroxy-2,2-diphenylacethyl)hydrazinomethyl]benzamide
Authors: Popovski Emil
Published: April 2009

Our previous research has shown that (benzamidomethyl)triethylammonium chloride (1) is a good benzamidomethylating agent for different types of compounds in non-aqueous media [1,2].[...]
1-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-methyl carboxylate
Authors: Attayibat Ahmed , Radi Smaail , Lekchiri Yahya , Ramdani Abdelkrim , Bacquet Maryse
Published: April 2009

A mixture of 1 (2g; 14.3mmol) and potassium tert-butoxide (1.68g; 15mmol) in 80ml of anhydrous diethyl ether was refluxed for 75min.[...]
Synthesis of Ethyl (4-benzyl-3-methyl-6-oxopyridazin-1(6H)-yl)acetate
Authors: Benchat Nour-Eddine , Anaflous Abderrahmane , Abouricha Said , Ramdani Mohammed , Benalla Abderazak
Published: April 2009

Wermuth and coll [1] synthesized a series of products by alkylation of pyridazines, Laborit [2] showed that these products are good analgesics and have a low toxicity.[...]
Synthesis of 4-Amino-1,7,8,9-tetramethyl-4-aza-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-ene-3,5-dione
Authors: Struga Marta , Kossakowski Jerzy
Published: April 2009

Various imide derivatives of 1,7,8,9-tetramethyl-4-aza-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-ene-3,5-dione (2) have been reported and shown to exhibit an anxiolytic activities [1].[...]
1-benzyl-3-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)hydrazono)indolin-2-one
Authors: Rachid Bouhfid , Joly Nicolas , Lequart Vincent , Martin Patrick , Massoui Mohamed , Essassi El Mokhtar
Published: April 2009

Indole derivatives fall into an important class of organic compounds.[...]
2-(3-thienyl)-2,3-dihydrofuro[2,3-b]quinoxaline
Authors: Anothane Caleb Ahoya , Essassi El Mokhtar
Published: April 2009

Heterocyclic compounds particularly five and six membered ring compounds have occupied a prominent place among various classes of organic compounds for their diverse biological activities.[...]
Synthesis of 1,2,5,7-dithiadiazonan-6-ylidenecyanamide. A New Potential Cysteamine Derivate Radioprotector Compound
Authors: Angeles Enrique , Menconi Italo , Ramírez Alberto , Velázquez Ana María , Camacho Brígida , Ordónez Gerardo , Martínez Ignacio , Díaz-Barriga Sandra , López-Castañares Rafael
Published: April 2009

Radioprotectors have been described as a chemical compounds that protect certain normal tissues as opposed to tumors.[...]
3-(2-Oxopropyl)-2(3H)-benzoxazolone
Authors: Petrov Ognyan , Ivanova Yordanka , Gerova Mariana , Petrova Katya
Published: April 2009

The title compound is an important intermediate for the preparation of 3,4- and 3,4,5-substituted 1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)imidazolin-2-ones [1,2] and 6-methyl-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazin-3-ones [3].[...]
Copper Dipyridine Dichloride: An Efficient and Convenient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Bis (Indolyl) Methanes
Authors: Rajitha Bavanthula , Someshwar Pola , Kumar Vanam Naveen , Madhav Janganati Venu
Published: April 2009

Copper dipyridine dichloride is used as an efficient catalyst for the electrophilic substitution reaction of indoles with aromatic aldehydes in acetonitrile to afford the corresponding bis (indolyl)methanes in excellent yields at room temperature.
Synthesis of 3-(4-Amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)propanoic acid – A Functionalized Base Derivative of the Nucleoside Antibiotic Tubercidin
Authors: Rosemeyer Helmut
Published: April 2009

Regioselective N-alkylation of 4-chloro-2-(methylthio)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (1) with ethyl 3-bromopropionate under liquid-liquid phase transfer reaction conditions and further saponification of the ester function under formation of compound 3b is described. Subsequent SNAr substitution of the 4-chloro substituent by an amino function and reductive removal of the 2-methylthio group of 3b gives, via 4a, the title compound 4b.
Synthesis of ({8-[4,6-Bis-(bis-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-amino)-[1,3,5]triazine-2-ylamino]-octyl}—ethoxycarbonylmethyl-amino)-acetic acid ethyl ester
Authors: Vomasta Daniel , König Burkhard
Published: April 2009

n/a
Structure of Methyl 1-oxo-3,5-diphenylcyclohexene-6-carboxylate
Authors: Jalbout Abraham , Contreras-Torres Flavio F. , Lobo Gabriela , Charris Jaimi
Published: April 2009

The exploration of a simple molecule with different functionalities for the synthesis of heterocycles is a worthwhile contribution in the chemistry of heterocycles.[...]
Structure of Methyl (1S, 6S) 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl) cyclohex-3-en-2-one-1-carboxylate
Authors: Jalbout Abraham , Contreras-Torres Flavio , Lobo Gabriela , Charris Jaimi
Published: April 2009

The exploration of a simple molecule with different functionalities for the synthesis of heterocycles is a worthwhile contribution in the chemistry of heterocycles.[...]
Synthesis of 3,5-di-(4-pyridyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole
Authors: Liu Li-Li , Yang Guang
Published: April 2009

4-Amino-3,5-di-(4-pyridyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole (1) and 3,5-di-(4-pyridyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (2) are potential multi-topic bridging ligands in preparation of coordination compounds of 1 – 3D structures.[...]
3-(1-Phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,2-benzisoxazole 2-oxide
Authors: Kotali Antigoni
Published: April 2009

It is well known that both isoxazole ring as well as pyrazole ring possess various biological activities and they both show interesting antimicrobial activity [1,2,3].[...]
Synthesis of 5,17,29- tri[(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)methyl]- 11,23,35-tri-tert-butyl-37,39,41-trimethoxy-calix[6]arene
Authors: Souane Rachid , Vicens Jacques
Published: April 2009

A calixarene is a macrocycle or cyclic oligomer based on a condensation product of a phenol and an aldehyde [1].[...]
Determination of the Absolute Configurations of (+)-N-((3S)-3- {[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9- dien-2,8-dion-7-yl) Acetamide and Benzamide
Authors: Plourde Guy L. , Susag Lyndia M. , Dick David G.
Published: April 2009

We recently reported the asymmetric synthesis of the two title compounds without the configurational assignments of the newly formed chiral spirocarbons. We now wish to report that both compounds have a (R)-configuration at the spirocarbon based on 1D and 2D nuclear Overhauser enhancement (nOe) experiments.
Synthesis of 5-benzyl-2,6-dimethylpyridazin-3(2H)-one
Authors: Benchat Nour-Eddine , Benalla Abderazak , El Kalai Fouad , Ramdani Mohammed , Daoui Said
Published: April 2009

Recentely, Rubat et al. [1] synthesized a series of products by alkylation of pyridazines, the authors showed that these products are good analgesics and have a low toxicity.[...]
Further Aporphine Alkaloids from Phoebe lanceolata
Authors: Semwal Deepak  K. , Rawat Usha , Singh G. J. P.
Published: April 2009

Stem bark of Phoebe lanceolata was extracted with ethanol and fractionated with ethyl acetate yielded soluble and insoluble fractions. Ethyl acetate insoluble fraction was subjected to column chromatography afforded two oxalyl-fused didehydroaporphine alkaloids, N-6/C-7 oxalyl-fused 2,9-dihydroxy-1,10-dimethoxy 6a,7-didehydroaporphine and N-6/C-7 oxalyl-fused 1,2,9,10-tetramethoxy 6a,7-didehydroaporphine along with well known β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol glucoside. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by chemical and spectral analysis.
Synthesis of New Schiff Base: 4-[(Pyridin-3-ylmethylene)- amino]phenyldodecanoate
Authors: Ha Sie-Tiong , Ong Lay-Khoon , Win Yip-Foo , Koh Teck-Ming , Yeap Guan-Yeow
Published: April 2009

A new Schiff base 4-[(pyridin-3-ylmethylene)amino]phenyldodecanoate was synthesized via Steglich esterification. IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS spectroscopic data are presented.
Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Epiphytic and Endophytic Fungi from Marine Organisms: Isolation, Bioassay and Taxonomy
Authors: Zhang Yi , Mu Jun , Feng Yan , Kang Yue , Zhang Jia , Gu Peng-Juan , Wang Yu , Ma Li-Fang , Zhu Yan-Hua
Published: April 2009

In the search for new marine derived antibiotics, 43 epi- and endophytic fungal strains were isolated from the surface or the inner tissue of different marine plants and invertebrates. Through preliminary and secondary screening, 10 of them were found to be able to produce broad-spectrum antimicrobial metabolites. By morphological and molecular biological methods, three active strains were characterized to be Penicillium glabrum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Alternaria alternata.
Retrieving Leaf Area Index (LAI) Using Remote Sensing: Theories, Methods and Sensors
Authors: Zheng Guang , Moskal L. Monika
Published: April 2009

The ability to accurately and rapidly acquire leaf area index (LAI) is an indispensable component of process-based ecological research facilitating the understanding of gas-vegetation exchange phenomenon at an array of spatial scales from the leaf to the landscape. However, LAI is difficult to directly acquire for large spatial extents due to its time consuming and work intensive nature. Such efforts have been significantly improved by the emergence of optical and active remote sensing techniques. This paper reviews the definitions and theories of LAI measurement with respect to direct and indirect methods. Then, the methodologies for LAI retrieval with regard to the characteristics of a range of remotely sensed datasets are discussed. Remote sensing indirect methods are subdivided into two categories of passive and active remote sensing, which are further categorized as terrestrial, aerial and satellite-born platforms. Due to a wide variety in spatial resolution of remotely sensed data and the requirements of ecological modeling, the scaling issue of LAI is discussed and special consideration is given to extrapolation of measurement to landscape and regional levels.
Spatial genetic structuring of baobab (Adansonia digitata, Malvaceae) in the traditional agroforestry systems of West Africa
Authors: Kyndt Tina , Assogbadjo Achille E. , Hardy Olivier J. , Glele Kakaï Romain , Sinsin Brice , Van Damme Patrick , Gheysen Godelieve
Published: April 2009

This study evaluates the spatial genetic structure of baobab (Adansonia digitata) populations from West African agroforestry systems at different geographical scales using AFLP fingerprints. Eleven populations from four countries (Benin, Ghana, Burkina Faso, and Senegal) had comparable levels of genetic diversity, although the two populations in the extreme west (Senegal) had less diversity. Pairwise FST ranged from 0.02 to 0.28 and increased with geographic distance, even at a regional scale. Gene pools detected by Bayesian clustering seem to be a byproduct of the isolation‐by‐distance pattern rather than representing actual discrete entities. The organization of genetic diversity appears to result essentially from spatially restricted gene flow, with some influences of human seed exchange. Despite the potential for relatively long‐distance pollen and seed dispersal by bats within populations, statistically significant spatial genetic structuring within populations (SGS) was detected and gave a mean indirect estimate of neighborhood size of ca. 45. This study demonstrated that relatively high levels of genetic structuring are present in baobab at both large and within‐population level, which was unexpected in regard to its dispersal by bats and the influence of human exchange of seeds. Implications of these results for the conservation of baobab populations are discussed.
Cone and seed trait variation in whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis; Pinaceae) and the potential for phenotypic selection
Authors: Garcia Roberto , Siepielski Adam M. , Benkman Craig W.
Published: April 2009

Phenotypic variation among individuals is necessary for natural selection to operate and is therefore essential for adaptive evolution. However, extensive variation within individuals can mask variation among individuals and weaken the potential for selection. Here we quantify variation among and within individuals in female cone and seed traits of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis). In many plants, the production of numerous reproductive structures creates the potential for considerable variation within a plant, but these same traits should also undergo strong selection because of their direct link to plant fitness. We found about twice as much variation among individuals (overall mean = 65.3 ± 4.5% SE) than within individuals (overall mean = 34.7 ± 4.5%). One only needs to sample three to five cones per tree to accurately assess variation among trees in most cone and seed traits. The ease at which trees can be assessed helps account for the strong and consistent patterns of phenotypic selection exerted by seed predators and dispersers of whitebark pine and many other conifers. In contrast, the few traits where variation within trees equaled or exceeded that among trees underwent weak if any phenotypic selection.
Why worship? Revisiting a fundamental liturgical question
Authors: Cilliers Johan
Published: April 2009

In this article the fundamental liturgical question as to the motive and intention of worship is addressed within the framework of four related liturgical tensions, namely between being and becoming, between time and space, between awe and expression, and between laughter and lament. In order to do this, some classical voices from the past are listened to, for instance, Schleiermacher, Kierkegaard, Moltmann, Tillich, Otto, Bakhtin and Buber, but more contemporary views are also considered. These four tensions are described in the light of the key terms: ‘already’ and ‘not yet’, and some implications for present-day liturgical practices are drawn.
Preserving correctness during business process model configuration
Authors: van der Aalst Wil M. P. , Dumas Marlon , Gottschalk Florian , ter Hofstede Arthur H. M. , Rosa Marcello La , Mendling Jan
Published: April 2009

A configurable process model captures a family of related process models in a single artifact. Such models are intended to be configured to fit the requirements of specific organizations or projects, leading to individualized process models that are subsequently used for domain analysis or solution design. This article proposes a formal foundation for individualizing configurable process models incrementally, while preserving correctness, both with respect to syntax and behavioral semantics. Specifically, assuming the configurable process model is behaviorally sound, the individualized process models are guaranteed to be sound. The theory is first developed in the context of Petri nets and then extended to a process modeling notation widely used in practice, namely Event-driven Process Chains.
The evidence for Allee effects
Authors: Kramer Andrew M. , Dennis Brian , Liebhold Andrew M. , Drake John M.
Published: April 2009

Allee effects are an important dynamic phenomenon believed to be manifested in several population processes, notably extinction and invasion. Though widely cited in these contexts, the evidence for their strength and prevalence has not been critically evaluated. We review results from 91 studies on Allee effects in natural animal populations. We focus on empirical signatures that are used or might be used to detect Allee effects, the types of data in which Allee effects are evident, the empirical support for the occurrence of critical densities in natural populations, and differences among taxa both in the presence of Allee effects and primary causal mechanisms. We find that conclusive examples are known from Mollusca, Arthropoda, and Chordata, including three classes of vertebrates, and are most commonly documented to result from mate limitation in invertebrates and from predator–prey interactions in vertebrates. More than half of studies failed to distinguish component and demographic Allee effects in data, although the distinction is crucial to most of the population‐level dynamic implications associated with Allee effects (e.g., the existence of an unstable critical density associated with strong Allee effects). Thus, although we find conclusive evidence for Allee effects due to a variety of mechanisms in natural populations of 59 animal species, we also find that existing data addressing the strength and commonness of Allee effects across species and populations is limited; evidence for a critical density for most populations is lacking. We suggest that current studies, mainly observational in nature, should be supplemented by population‐scale experiments and approaches connecting component and demographic effects.
L'impossible constitution d'une théorie générale des machines ?
Authors: Le Roux Ronan
Published: April 2009

On présente trois projets de théories des machines: la « mécanologie » de l’architecte Jacques Lafitte (1932), inspirée de l’évolution biologique; l’ «Analyse mécanique» de Louis Couffignal, spécialiste des machines à calculer (1938), qui préfigure l’analyse fonctionnelle; et la théorie algébrique des machines du mathématicien Jacques Riguet (début des années 1950). À cette période, les trois hommes sont membres du Cercle d’études cybernétiques. On s’intéresse au dialogue des projets, aux axes d’unification et de divergence, aux styles, aux stratégies et postulats de ces trois candidats à la généralisation convergeant vers la référence constituée par la cybernétique.
DIXDC1 co‐localizes and interacts with γ‐tubulin in HEK293 cells
Authors: Wu Yanrui , Jing Xiaotang , Ma Xin , Wu Yan , Ding Xuefeng , Fan Wenhong , Fan Ming
Published: April 2009

DIXDC1 is a Dishevelled‐Axin (DIX) domain‐containing protein involved in neural development and Wnt signaling pathway. Besides the DIX domain, DIXDC1 also contains a coiled‐coil domain (MTH domain), which is a common feature of centrosomal proteins. We have demonstrated that exogenously expressed GFP‐tag fused DIXDC1 co‐localize with γ‐tubulin both at interphase and mitotic phase in HEK293 cells. By immunostaining with anti‐DIXDC1 and anti‐γ‐tubulin antibody, endogenous DIXDC1 was also co‐localized with γ‐tubulin at the centrosomes in HEK293 cells. We confirmed this interaction of DIXDC1 with γ‐tubulin by co‐immunoprecipitation. The findings suggest that DIXDC1 might play an important role in chromosome segregation and cell cycle regulation.
Efficiency of a university timetable. An application of entropy of choice.
Authors: Smith William E.
Published: April 2009

In a large university with a wide range of student options it is often impossible to cater for all allowable student courses of study within the constraints of a practical timetable, and a decision must be made to exclude some options. The entropy of choice available to students is used to develop a measure of timetable efficiency which balances the desirability of having both popular and rarer options available against the need to deny some students of their chosen courses. This efficiency gives a way for ranking the merit of different timetable exclusions. A simple numerical example is used for illustrations.
Some results on quotients of triangle groups
Authors: Conder Marston D.E.
Published: April 2009

Given positive integers k, l, m, the (k, l, m) triangle group has presentation δ(k, l, m) = < X, Y, Z | Xk = Yl = Zm = XYZ = 1 >. This paper considers finite permutation representations of such groups. In particular it contains descriptions of graphical and computational techniques for handling them, leading to new results on minimal two-element generation of the finite alternating and symmetric groups and the group of Rubik's cube. Applications to the theory of regular maps and automorphisms of surfaces are also discussed.
Some Delays do not matter
Authors: Gopalsamy K.
Published: April 2009

Sufficient conditions are derived for the solutions of a system of linear delay-differential equations to behave asymptotically as those of the same system without the argument delays. A generalisation of the result to integrodifferential systems is indicated.
A characterization of weak peak sets for function algebras
Authors: Jarosz Krzysztof
Published: April 2009

Let A ⊂ C(S) be a function algebra. In this paper we prove that is a weak peak set for A if and only if for any open neighbourhood U of S0 there is an f in A such that ∥f∥ ≤ 2, |f(x) − l| ≤ 1/3 on S0 and |f(x)| ≤ 1/3 on S\U.
A note on subdirectly irreducible rings
Authors: Feigelstock Shalom
Published: April 2009

Let R be a commutative subdirectly irreducible ring, with minimal ideal M. It is shown that either R is a field, or M2 = 0. A construction is given which yields commutative sub-directly irreducible rings possessing nonzero-divisors, and nonzero nilpotent elements either with a unity element, or without. Such a ring without unity has been constructed by Divinsky. The same technique enables the construction of subdirectly irreducible rings with mixed additive groups.
A remark on products of locally soluble groups
Authors: Brookes C. J. B. , Smith Howard
Published: April 2009

It is shown that if a group G is a product of two normal subgroups, each of which is locally soluble-of-finite-rank, then G is locally soluble if and only if it is locally of finite rank.
Two-sided localization in semiprime FBN rings
Authors: Upham M. H.
Published: April 2009

The main result of this paper is that the left- and right-quotient rings at a hereditary link closed set of prime ideals of a semiprime fully bounded Noetherian (FBN) ring coincide. This was a result already known for nonsemiprime FBN rigns, but a question left open in the semiprime case. A cornerstone of our approach is that the torsion theory determined by a link-closed hereditary set of prime ideals in an FBN ring is “nice”, but not necessarily perfect. Some conditions which do produce perfect torsion theories are investigated.
Linear systems of nonoscillatory differential equations with delayed arguments
Authors: Gopalsamy K.
Published: April 2009

Sufficient conditions are obtained for a not necessarily scalar system of the form

to be nonoscillatory.
Conditional expectation for operator-valued measures and functions
Authors: Jefferies Brian
Published: April 2009

A Radon–Nikodým theorem for operator-valued measures is applied to deduce the existence and uniqueness of conditional expectations in certain cases.
Irreducible designs from supplementary difference sets
Authors: Breach D.R. , Street Anne Penfold
Published: April 2009

A family of n k-subsets of the integers modulo ν are said to be supplementary difference sets if developing them by addition modulo ν leads to a balanced incomplete block design, and to be minimal if no proper subfamily leads to a balanced incomplete block design when developed modulo ν. In other words, the family of supplementary difference sets is minimal precisely when it leads to a balanced incomplete block design which cannot be partitioned into a union of proper subdesigns, each consisting of complete cyclic sets of ν blocks. We discuss the conditions under which such a balanced incomplete block design can be partitioned in some non-cyclic fashion into a union of proper subdesigns.
Some results concerning the Cauchy functional equation in certain Banach algebras
Authors: Vukman J.
Published: April 2009

In this paper some results concerning the Cauchy functional equation, that is the functional equationf(x+y) =f(x) +f(y)in complex hermitian Banach *-algebras with an identity element are presented. As an application a generalization of Kurepa's extension of the Jordan-Neumann characterization of pre-Hilbert space is obtained.
On the laws of certain varieties of groups
Authors: Howlett Robert B. , Levingston Richard
Published: April 2009

Let m and n be coprime positive integers. The variety (consisting of all groups G such that for some normal subgroup H of G, H is abelian of exponent dividing m and G/H is abelian of exponent dividing n) and the variety both satisfy the following three laws:

all elements have order dividing mn;

the commutator of two mth powers has order dividing m;

the commutator of two nth powers has order dividing n.

It is proved that any law which holds in both these varieties (notably that commutators commute) is a consequence of the above three laws.
The near-ring of generalized affine transformations
Authors: Feigelstock Shalom
Published: April 2009

Blackett and Wolfson studied the near-ring Aff (V) consisting of all affine transformations of a vector space V. This notion is generalized here, and the rear-ring Aff (G) consisting of affine-like maps of a nilpotent group G is introduced. The ideal structure, and the multiplication rule for Aff (G) are determined. Finally a near-ring S is introduced which generalized both Aff (G), and Gonshor's abstract affine near-rings. The ideals of S are determined.