bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REPRESENTASI SOSIO-KULTURAL MASYARAKAT BUDAYA AREK DALAM BONEKA WAYANG GATHOTKACA KRODHA PADA WAYANG JEKDONG
Authors: Ayuswantana Alfian Candra , Atmaji Lutfi Tri , Setiawan Bayu
Published: April 2024

AbstrakSeni wayang kulit Jekdong adalah warisan budaya komunitas budaya Arek yang telah berkembang sesuai dengan dinamika dan karakter budaya Arek. Boneka wayang kulit Jekdong memiliki fitur khas yang membedakan jenis wayang kulit lainnya di Pulau Jawa. Keunikan bentuk ini tidak lain adalah cerminan dari nilai-nilai lokal budaya Arek. Boneka tokoh Gathutkaca Krodha dianggap salah satu tokoh yang paling sesuai untuk mewakili seni wayang Jekdong. Gathutkaca Krodha adalah sosok yang populer karena intensitasnya yang sering ditampilkan dalam berbagai pertunjukan boneka Jekdong. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menelisik lebih dalam cara-cara masyarakat budaya Arek mencerminkan karakter budaya yang dimilikinya pada wujud visual boneka wayang Jekdong. Penelitian ini berfokus pada rupa visual boneka wayang Gathutkaca Krodha yang dianalisis berdasarkan komponen sindrom atau ciri-ciri rupa boneka wayang Jekdong dan didukung oleh teori semiotika Pierce dan Barthes dalam penelusuran pemaknaannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penampilan wayang Gathutkaca Krodha mencerminkan karakteristik budaya agraris-pesisir rakyat jelata dengan menampilkan instrumen alat pertanian dan kecenderungan untuk mendekati bentuk kelugasan visual realis-naturalistik untuk mengkomunikasikan karakater sosok Gathutkaca. Kata Kunci: Arek, Gathutkaca Krodha, semiotika, wayang Jekdong AbstractJekdong Leather Puppet Art is a cultural heritage of the Arek cultural community that has developed in accordance with the dynamics and character of the Arek culture. Jekdong wayang kulit puppets have distinctive features that make distinctions from other types of wayang kulit on the island of Java. The peculiarities of this form of form are nothing but a reflection of local values of Arek culture. Gathutkaca Krodha's puppet figure is considered one of the most suitable figures to represent the Jekdong puppet art. Gathutkaca Krodha is a popular figure because of its intensity which is often shown in various Jekdong puppet shows. The purpose of this study is to explore more deeply the ways in which the Arek cultural community reflects the cultural character it has in the visual form of the Jekdong puppet. This study was analyzed by identifying the visual form based on the components of the syndrome or the visual characteristics of Jekdong puppet puppets, and supported by the theory of semiotics in the search for meaning. The results of the study show that the appearance of the Gathutkaca Krodha puppet puppet reflects the characteristics of the agrarian culture of the common people by displaying agricultural tool instruments and the tendencies to approach realis-naturalistic visual form to communicate the Gathutkaca figure.  Keywords: Arek, Gathutkaca Krodha, Jekdong puppet doll, semiotic
PERANCANGAN INFOGRAFIS SEJARAH MUSEUM RADYA PUSTAKA SEBAGAI MEDIA EDUKASI ANAK KELAS 5-6 SD
Authors: Susanto Agus , Riyanto Bedjo , Ardianto Deny Tri
Published: April 2024

AbstrakKota Surakarta memiliki banyak peninggalan bersejarah, salah satunya adalah Museum Radya Pustaka. Museum Radya Pustaka merupakan museum pertama yang didirikan oleh bangsa Indonesia. Namun, masyarakat khususnya anak-anak belum banyak yang mengetahui nilai sejarah tersebut. Mengingat pengetahuan sejarah terutama sejarah lokal sejak dini sangat penting dalam memupuk dan membentuk karakter dan jati diri anak. Maka diperlukan media edukasi yang tepat untuk memperkenalkan sejarah Museum Radya Pustaka kepada anak. Penggunaan infografis banyak dilakukan dalam menyajikan informasi dalam bentuk visual, sehingga anak dapat lebih cepat memahami informasi yang disajikan. Infografis umumnya digunakan pada media poster untuk mempermudah penggambaran informasi. Perancangan ini menggunakan metode Design thinking yang mencakup serangkaian langkah yang berfokus pada pemahaman mendalam tentang pengguna, menciptakan pemikiran yang berpusat pada manusia, dan kemudian menguji solusi yang dihasilkan secara berulang. Terdapat lima tahapan yaitu emphatize, define, ideate, prototype, testing. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah terciptanya poster infografis yang berisi sejarah Museum Radya Pustaka. Dimana informasi mengenai sejarah museum yang komplekss, disajikan dalam bentuk infografis sehingga mempermudah anak 5-6 SD dalam memahami dan mengingat informasi yang disajikan. Kata Kunci: edukasi, infografis, Museum Radya Pustaka, sejarah AbstractThe city of Surakarta possesses numerous historical relics, one of which is the Radya Pustaka Museum. Radya Pustaka Museum stands as the first museum established by the Indonesian people. However, the community, especially children, are not fully aware of the historical significance. Considering that early exposure to history, particularly local history, is crucial in fostering and shaping the character and identity of children, a suitable educational medium is necessary to introduce the history of the Radya Pustaka Museum to them. The use of infographics is commonly employed in presenting information in visual form, enabling children to comprehend the presented information more rapidly. Infographics are generally utilized in poster media to facilitate the depiction of information. This design employs the Design thinking method, encompassing a series of steps that concentrate on a profound understanding of users, creating human-centered thinking, and subsequently testing the generated solutions iteratively. There are five stages: empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and testing. The outcome is the creation of an infographic poster detailing the history of the Radya Pustaka Museum. Complex information regarding the museum's history is presented in infographic form, thereby facilitating children at 5-6 elementary school in comprehending and retaining the information provided. Keyword: Education, History, Infographics, Radya Pustaka Museum
The justificatory power of memory experience
Authors: Teng Lu
Published: April 2024

Psychological research has discovered that episodic memories are constructive in nature. This paper examines how, despite being constructive, episodic memories can provide us with justification for beliefs about the past. In current literature, two major approaches to memorial justification are internalist foundationalism and reliabilism. I first demonstrate that an influential version of internalist foundationalism, dogmatism, encounters problems when we compare certain types of memory construction with cognitive penetration in perception. On the other hand, various versions of reliabilism all face skeptical challenges. I propose an alternative, two-factor theory that recognizes an epistemic distinction typically overlooked by dogmatism and reliabilism. Although our account leaves certain aspects unspecified, it is an important step forward.
Examining the Mediating Role of STEM Attitudes between STEM Pedagogical Content Knowledge and STEM Intra Class Practice Self-Efficacy
Authors:   Department of Elementary Education, Faculty of Education, Ege University, Turkiye, Çavaş Pınar , Kara Ahmet ,   Department ofDevelopmental Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kastamonu University, Turkiye, Anagün Şengül S. ,   Department of Elementary Education, Faculty of Education, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkiye, Ayar Aslıhan ,   Department of Elementary Education, Faculty of Education, Ege University, Turkiye
Published: April 2024

The general purpose of this research is to examine the mediating effect of STEM attitudes between STEM pedagogical content knowledge and STEM intra class practice self-efficacy. This research was conducted in a causal design. A total of 345 teacher candidates, 261 female (75.7%) and 84 male (24.3%), were included in the research. The data was collected with the STEM Pedagogical Content Knowledge Scale (STEMPCKS), Attitude Scale for STEM Education (STEMAS) and STEM Intra Class Practice Self-Efficacy Perceptions Scale (STEMICPSEPS). Path analysis technique was used in data analysis. In addition, bootstrapping analysis was used to evaluate the significance of the mediating effect of STEM attitudes. At this point, 1000 resamples were made and lower-upper bound confidence intervals were determined. In research results, the mediating effect of STEM Attitudes was found to be significant in the relationship between STEM Pedagogical Content Knowledge and STEM Intra Class Practice Self- Efficacy. Keywords: Path analysis, STEM attitudes, STEM intra class practice self-efficacy, STEM pedagogical content knowledge.
Challenges and Coping Strategies of Intermediate Teachers in Handling Generation Z Learners
Authors: Dejacto Ladylou , Valmorida Francis May , Naparan Genesis
Published: April 2024

The learners as of the present are called Generation Z learners. This study aimed to come up with the common challenges and coping strategies of teachers in handling Generation Z learners in the intermediate level. The study was conducted during the school year 2019-2020. The participants were the intermediate teachers in District 10 of Ozamiz City Division. This study employed a phenomenological qualitative research design. The focus of this study was to gather the common challenges and coping strategies of teachers based on their experiences. The responses were analyzed through the use of thematic analysis. It was found out that the challenges commonly met by the intermediate teachers were learnersÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ difficult behaviors, negative impact of technology/inappropriate use of technology and poor academic performance. The study also revealed that the coping strategies of the teachers were ICT integration in teaching, imposing friendly classroom discipline, parent-teacher partnership, and enhancing teachersÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ ICT literacy. This study suggested that in planning teachersÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ training programs, administrators of the Department of Education should also include topics that focuses on how to cope up teachersÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ challenges met in their classrooms. Topics may involve handling Generation Z learners and developing necessary skills in innovative teaching.
Why English Isn't that Hard: Impact of Adopt-A-Friend Program on Students with Failing Grades
Authors: Oestar Jennifer
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to narrate the conditions of selective grade 10 students at-risk of failing English 10. This also deals with assessing the impact of Adopt-a-Friend Program on their academic performance and socialization in class. The study used qualitative method triangulated through observation, structured written and oral interview, and used of existing documents (F138) and journal entry. Students with failing grades were purposively chosen and paired with high performing students in a peer-tutoring approach. Although the target of the program are selected students at-risk of failing English subject, it was launched to all grade 10 students to eliminate stereotyping since academic grades became the basis for choosing the respondents. The study revealed that those students at-risk of failing English 10 benefited much from the program. Most of the responses revealed that they have improved their academic performance and socialization in class. Moreover, they suggested that the program must continue until the last quarter of the school year. Those high performing students who adopted them revealed that they enjoyed the program, however they suggested some improvements for Adopt-a-Friend ProgramÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s next implementation. As a result, there is a significant increase in the performance of the student adoptee and adopted.
Clinical outcomes and immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living with HIV
Authors: Amegashie Esimebia Adjovi , Asamoah Prince , Ativi Lawrencia Emefa Ami , Adusei-Poku Mildred , Bonney Evelyn Yayra , Tagoe Emmanuel Ayitey , Paintsil Elijah , Torpey Kwasi , Quaye Osbourne
Published: April 2024

People living with HIV (PLWH) usually suffer from co-infections and co-morbidities including respiratory tract infections. SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to cause respiratory infections. There are uncertainties in the disease severity and immunological response among PLWH who are co-infected with COVID-19. This review outlines the current knowledge on the clinical outcomes and immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 among PLWH. Literature was searched in Google scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct conforming with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines from studies published from January 2020 to June 2023. A total of 81 studies from 25 countries were identified, and RT-PCR was used in confirming COVID-19 in 80 of the studies. Fifty-seven studies assessed risk factors and clinical outcomes in HIV patients co-infected with COVID-19. Thirty-nine of the studies indicated the following factors being associated with severe outcomes in HIV/SARS-CoV-2: older age, the male sex, African American race, smoking, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, low CD4+ count, high viral load, tuberculosis, high levels of inflammatory markers, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes, interruption, and delayed initiation of ART. The severe outcomes are patients’ hospitalization, admission at intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, and death. Twenty (20) studies, however, reported no difference in clinical presentation among co-infected compared to mono-infected individuals. Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection was investigated in 25 studies, with some of the studies reporting high levels of inflammatory markers, T cell exhaustion and lower positive conversion rate of IgG in PLWH. There is scanty information on the cytokines that predisposes to severity among HIV/SARS-CoV-2 co-infected individuals on combined ART. More research work should be carried out to validate co-infection-related cytokines and/or immune markers to SARS-CoV-2 among PLWH.
No idle flow shop scheduling models for optimization of machine rental costs with processing and separated setup times
Authors: Singla Shakuntla , Kaur Harshleen , Gupta Deepak , Modibbo Umar Muhammad , Kaur Jatinder
Published: April 2024

Scheduling is one of the many skills required for advancement in today’s modern industry. The flow-shop scheduling problem is a well-known combinatorial optimization challenge. Scheduling issues for flow shops are NP-hard and challenging. The present research investigates a two-stage flow shop scheduling problem with decoupled processing and setup times, where a correlation exists between probabilities, job processing times, and setup times. This study proposes a novel heuristic algorithm that optimally sequences jobs to minimize the makespan and eliminates machine idle time, thereby reducing machine rental costs. The proposed algorithm’s efficacy is demonstrated through several computational examples implemented in MATLAB 2021a. The results are compared with the existing approaches such as those by Johnson, Palmer, NEH, and Nailwal to highlight the proposed algorithm’s superior performance.
Inhibiting the “isolated island” effect in simulated bone defect repair using a hollow structural scaffold design
Authors: Liu Xiao , Gao Jianpeng , Liu Jianheng , Zhang Licheng , Li Ming
Published: April 2024

The treatment of bone tissue defects remains a complicated clinical challenge. Recently, the bone tissue engineering (BTE) technology has become an important therapeutic approach for bone defect repair. Researchers have improved the scaffolds, cells, and bioactive factors used in BTE through various existing bone repair material preparation strategies. However, due to insufficient vascularization, inadequate degradation, and fibrous wrapping, most BTE scaffolds impede new bone ingrowth and the reconstruction of grid-like connections in the middle and late stages of bone repair. These non-degradable scaffolds become isolated and disordered like independent “isolated islands”, which leads to the failure of osteogenesis. Consequently, we hypothesized that the “island effect” prevents successful bone repair. Accordingly, we proposed a new concept of scaffold modification—osteogenesis requires a bone temporary shelter (also referred to as the empty shell osteogenesis concept). Based on this concept, we consider that designing hollow structural scaffolds is the key to mitigating the “isolated island” effect and enabling optimal bone regeneration and reconstruction.
Using citizen science to better understand Risso’s dolphin (Grampus griseus) presence in northeast Scotland and the Northern Isles
Authors: Hodgins Nicola K. , Steel Emma M. , Dyke Katie , Walters Alice E. M. , Dolman Sarah J. , Hall Karen , Neave-Webb Emma , Evans Peter G. H. , Bird Colin , Robinson Kevin P. , Marwood Eleanor M. , Foubister Robert , Harrop Hugh , Knight Andy , Munro Karen
Published: April 2024

There is no current population estimate for Risso’s dolphin (Grampus griseus) in Scottish waters and their distribution in the northeast of Scotland and the Northern Isles is poorly documented. Using a combination of citizen science and historical sightings data, photographs of Risso’s dolphins from northeast Scotland and the Northern Isles were gathered to gain an indication of the presence of the species in this region. A review of all available sighting records from as early as 1933 (n = 1,904 records), showed a historical presence of Risso’s dolphins in the study locations, with a notable increase in sightings reports over time and with higher numbers of sightings reported from July-September. Collation of photographs (n = 1,884) taken by members of the public and researchers facilitated the establishment of two photo-identification catalogues for Northeast Scotland and Orkney (n = 112 individuals) and for Shetland (n = 47 individuals) respectively. Mother/calf pairs were recorded between April and November. Repeated recaptures of identifiable animals throughout the study area provided the first evidence of inter/intra-annual site fidelity. The combined datasets demonstrate the potential importance of inshore coastal waters in northeast Scotland, Orkney, and Shetland as critical habitat for Risso’s dolphins. Recommendations are made for ongoing monitoring studies to inform the protection of Risso’s dolphins in Scottish waters.
Clinical phenotype of a Kallmann syndrome patient with IL17RD and CPEB4 variants
Authors: Zhang Jianmei , Yang Suhong , Zhang Yan , Liu Fei , Hao Lili , Han Lianshu
Published: April 2024

Background

This study aimed to characterize the clinical phenotype and genetic variations in patients with Kallmann syndrome (KS).

Methods

This study involved the collection and analysis of clinical data from an individual with sporadic KS. Following this, peripheral blood samples were obtained from the patient and his parents. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted and subjected to whole-exome sequencing and genomic copy number variation (CNV) detection. Finally, Sanger sequencing was performed to validate the suspected pathogenic variants.

Results

Whole-exome sequencing confirmed that the child carried both the IL17RD variant (c.2101G>A, p.Gly701Ser) inherited from the mother and the new CPEB4 variant (c.1414C>T, p.Arg472*). No pathogenic CNVs were identified in CNV testing.

Conclusion

Bioinformatics analysis shows that the IL17RD protein undergoing Gly701Ser mutation and is speculated to be phosphorylated and modified, thereby disrupting fibroblast growth factor signaling. This study also suggested that the CPEB4 might play a crucial role in the key signaling process affecting olfactory bulb morphogenesis. Overall, the findings of this study broaden the gene expression profile of KS-related pathogenic genes. This offers a new avenue for exploring the pathogenic mechanism of KS and provides valuable insights for precise clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies for this condition.
An ensemble deep learning diagnostic system for determining Clinical Activity Scores in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: integrating multi-view multimodal images from anterior segment slit-lamp photographs and facial images
Authors: Yan Chunfang , Zhang Zhaoxia , Zhang Guanghua , Liu Han , Zhang Ruiqi , Liu Guiqin , Rao Jing , Yang Weihua , Sun Bin
Published: April 2024

Background

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is the most prevalent autoimmune orbital condition, significantly impacting patients’ appearance and quality of life. Early and accurate identification of active TAO along with timely treatment can enhance prognosis and reduce the occurrence of severe cases. Although the Clinical Activity Score (CAS) serves as an effective assessment system for TAO, it is susceptible to assessor experience bias. This study aimed to develop an ensemble deep learning system that combines anterior segment slit-lamp photographs of patients with facial images to simulate expert assessment of TAO.

Method

The study included 156 patients with TAO who underwent detailed diagnosis and treatment at Shanxi Eye Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University from May 2020 to September 2023. Anterior segment slit-lamp photographs and facial images were used as different modalities and analyzed from multiple perspectives. Two ophthalmologists with more than 10 years of clinical experience independently determined the reference CAS for each image. An ensemble deep learning model based on the residual network was constructed under supervised learning to predict five key inflammatory signs (redness of the eyelids and conjunctiva, and swelling of the eyelids, conjunctiva, and caruncle or plica) associated with TAO, and to integrate these objective signs with two subjective symptoms (spontaneous retrobulbar pain and pain on attempted upward or downward gaze) in order to assess TAO activity.

Results

The proposed model achieved 0.906 accuracy, 0.833 specificity, 0.906 precision, 0.906 recall, and 0.906 F1-score in active TAO diagnosis, demonstrating advanced performance in predicting CAS and TAO activity signs compared to conventional single-view unimodal approaches. The integration of multiple views and modalities, encompassing both anterior segment slit-lamp photographs and facial images, significantly improved the prediction accuracy of the model for TAO activity and CAS.

Conclusion

The ensemble multi-view multimodal deep learning system developed in this study can more accurately assess the clinical activity of TAO than traditional methods that solely rely on facial images. This innovative approach is intended to enhance the efficiency of TAO activity assessment, providing a novel means for its comprehensive, early, and precise evaluation.
Testosterone does not mediate the correlation between dietary inflammation and serum klotho levels among males: insights from NHANES database
Authors: Du Siyu , Zhao Jieyi , Chou Xinyue , Peng Jingyu , Cao Qi , Zeng Yimiao , Ao Lu , Wang Xiaoyu
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Serum Klotho (S-Klotho) is a transmembrane protein holds pivotal roles in anti-aging. The Dietary Inflammation Index (DII), a meticulously dietary tool, quantifies the inflammatory potential of an individual's diet. The existing research strongly suggests that a low DII diet plays a significant role in delaying aging and reducing aging-related symptoms in males. Testosterone could potentially act as a mediating intermediary between DII and S-Klotho. However, this aspect remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the potential causal link of testosterone between DII and S-Klotho in males.

Methods

We utilized data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) which focused on male participants from 2013-2016. Mediation analyses were used to investigate the effects of testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), and free androgen index (FAI) on the DII-S-Klotho relationship, using three modes adjusting for covariates.

Results

Mediation analysis unveiled a significant inverse correlation between DII and S-Klotho levels (model 1: c = -14.78, p = 0.046). The interaction between DII and S-Klotho was modulated by TT in model 1 (ab = -1.36; 95% CI: -5.59, -0.55; p = 0.008), but lost significance after adjustments (model 2: ab = -0.39; 95% CI: -4.15, 1.66; p = 0.378; model 3: ab = -0.59; 95% CI: -4.08, 2.15; p = 0.442). For FT, the mediating impact was not statistically significant (model 1: ab = 0.43; 95% CI: -0.51, 5.44; p = 0.188; model 2: ab = 0.72; 95% CI: -0.26, 5.91; p = 0.136; model 3: ab = 0.84; 95% CI: -0.02, 8.06; p = 0.056). Conversely, FAI consistently influenced the DII-S-Klotho relationship (model 1: ab = 2.39; 95% CI: 0.69, 9.42; p = 0.002), maintaining significance after adjustments (model 2: ab = 3.2; 95% CI: 0.98, 11.72; p = 0.004; model 3: ab = 3.15; 95% CI: 0.89, 14.51; p = 0.026).

Discussion

This study observed no mediating influence of TT or FT on the correlation between DII and S-Klotho after covariate control. Remarkably, FAI continued to significantly mediate the DII-S-Klotho connection even following covariate adjustment, although its significance in males warrants careful consideration.
Double pituitary adenomas: report of two cases and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Zhang Yi , Gong Xinyue , Pu Jun , Liu Jifang , Ye Zhang , Zhu Huijuan , Lu Lin , Pan Hui , Deng Kan , Yao Yong
Published: April 2024

Objective

Double pituitary adenomas (DPA) are a rare clinical condition, and our knowledge of them is limited. Missing the second lesion leading to incomplete biochemical remission after surgery is an important challenge in DPA management. This study aims to analyze independent prognostic factors in DPA patients and summarize clinical experiences to prevent surgical failure.

Methods

Two cases of DPA patients with Cushing’s disease diagnosed and surgically treated at Peking Union Medical College Hospital are reported. A literature review was performed on the online database Pubmed, and 57 DPA patients from 22 retrieved articles were included. Demographic characteristics, endocrine manifestations, diagnostic methods, tumor size, and immunohistochemical features of 59 patients were analyzed. Binary logistic regression models were used to identify independent prognostic factors affecting postoperative biochemical remission.

Results

Among 59 DPA patients, the mean ± SD age was 43.64 ± 14.42 years, with 61.02% being female (n = 36). The most common endocrine manifestations were Cushing’s syndrome (23/59, 38.98%) and acromegaly (20/59, 33.90%). The most prevalent immunohistochemical types were ACTH-immunopositive (31/118, 26.27%) and GH-immunopositive (31/118, 26.27%) tumors. Microadenomas (<1cm) were the most frequent in terms of tumor size (62/92, 67.39%). The detection rate for double lesions on 3.0T MRI was 50.00% (14/28), which significantly higher than 1.5T MRI (P = 0.034). Univariate analysis revealed that female, Cushing’s syndrome and only single lesion detected by surgical exploration were associated with significantly worse prognosis (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis identified double lesion detected by surgical exploration (OR = 0.08, P = 0.003) and contiguous type tumor (OR = 0.06, P = 0.017) as independent protective factors for DPA patients.

Conclusions

The double lesion detected by surgical exploration is independently associated with a better prognosis for DPA patients. Comprehensive intraoperative exploration are crucial measures to avoid missing causative lesions.
Channel prediction method based on the data-driving for distribution automation main station
Authors: Li Peng , Zhao Ruifeng , Feng Huihui , Wang Hailong , Yu Zhiwen
Published: April 2024

A data-driven channel prediction method for distribution automation master is proposed to address the poor quality of communication network and communication system transmission problems in distribution network communication. In this paper, an adaptive broad learning network (ABLN) consisting of a standard broad learning network and a hybrid learning network is introduced to predict the channel state information of the communication system. Among them, the hybrid learning network is used to solve the ill-conditioned solution problem when estimating the output weight matrix of the standard broad learning network. Therefore, the ABLN produces sparse output weight matrices and provides excellent prediction performance. In the simulation analysis, the outdoor and indoor scenes are considered based on OFDM system. The prediction performance of ABLN is subsequently evaluated in one step prediction and multistep prediction. The results show that for the prediction performance is concerned, the maximum improvement of ABLN is about 96.49% as compared to other evaluation models, indicating that the CSI is effectively predicted by the ABLN to support the adaptive transmission of the main station of the distribution automation and to satisfy the quality of the communication network of the distribution network.
Physics of pressurized hydrogen spontaneous ignition in pipes containing bends of different angles
Authors: Zhou Xuejin , Jing Jiaojiao , Chen Chen , He Le
Published: April 2024

In the context of hydrogen-based energy storage systems, the safeguarding against spontaneous ignition during high-pressure hydrogen release is of paramount importance. This study delves into the thermal safety and management technologies pertinent to such systems by numerically investigating the effects of pipeline geometry on the risk of spontaneous ignition. Employing Large Eddy Simulation (LES) coupled with detailed chemical kinetics and a linear eddy model, the research assesses the impact of different pipe angles and burst pressures on ignition behavior. The simulations are validated against experimental data, ensuring the veracity of the findings. The results demonstrate a significant interplay between the ignition propensity and both the geometrical configuration of the pipeline and the pressure of hydrogen release. Notably, the emergence and interaction of transverse waves in pipe bends are revealed to amplify mixing processes, generating vortices that elevate the temperature and promote a conducive environment for chemical reactions leading to stable flame propagation. The ignition is shown to occur predominantly near the stoichiometric mixture ratio, suggesting a narrow ignition region. These insights are vital for enhancing the safety protocols and thermal management strategies of hydrogen-based energy storage systems, paving the way for safer and more efficient energy solutions.
Spatial and temporal characteristics of drought in the Mu Us Sandy Land based on the Standardized Precipitation Index
Authors: Zhu Yonghua , Li Jiamin , Xi Xiaokang , Zhang Jie , Ma Pengfei , Liang Li’e , Luo Pingping
Published: April 2024

The environment of the Mu Us Sandy Land, northern Shaanxi, is fragile, so the temporal and spatial evolution of drought can provide a reference for ecological construction and agricultural production. Based on the daily precipitation data of five meteorological stations from 1967 to 2020, the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of drought in the Mu Us Sandy Land of northern Shaanxi were analyzed using the methods Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and run-length theory. The results show that 1) the smaller the time scale, the higher the sensitivity of the SPI to primary precipitation. 2) The annual, summer, autumn, and winter SPI showed an upward and a wetting trend, and the fastest wetting speed is observed in summer, while spring showed an increasing trend of drought. 3) In the past 54 years, the duration, degree, and intensity of drought events at SPI-3 and SPI-12 scales in the Mu Us Sandy Land of northern Shaanxi showed an insignificant decreasing trend, but the decreasing rate at the SPI-12 scale was faster than that at the SPI-3 scale. The serious periods of drought are November 2018 to May 2019 and April 1999 to July 2021. 4) The duration of drought events at two timescales in each region showed a decreasing trend. The longest durations of drought were in Yulin and Jingbian; Shenmu and Dingbian are the regions with the fastest reduction rate of drought degree at the two scales. Hengshan shows rapid reduction of drought intensity at the two scales and also the region with large average drought intensity. These results are helpful in understanding and describing drought events for drought risk management under the condition of global warming.
Autoimmunity in thymic epithelial tumors: a not yet clarified pathologic paradigm associated with several unmet clinical needs
Authors: Perrino Matteo , Voulaz Emanuele , Balin Simone , Cazzato Gerardo , Fontana Elena , Franzese Sara , Defendi Martina , De Vincenzo Fabio , Cordua Nadia , Tamma Roberto , Borea Federica , Aliprandi Marta , Airoldi Marco , Cecchi Luigi Giovanni , Fazio Roberta , Alloisio Marco , Marulli Giuseppe , Santoro Armando , Di Tommaso Luca , Ingravallo Giuseppe , Russo Laura , Da Rin Giorgio , Villa Anna , Della Bella Silvia , Zucali Paolo Andrea , Mavilio Domenico
Published: April 2024

Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare mediastinal cancers originating from the thymus, classified in two main histotypes: thymoma and thymic carcinoma (TC). TETs affect a primary lymphoid organ playing a critical role in keeping T-cell homeostasis and ensuring an adequate immunological tolerance against “self”. In particular, thymomas and not TC are frequently associated with autoimmune diseases (ADs), with Myasthenia Gravis being the most common AD present in 30% of patients with thymoma. This comorbidity, in addition to negatively affecting the quality and duration of patients’ life, reduces the spectrum of the available therapeutic options. Indeed, the presence of autoimmunity represents an exclusion criteria for the administration of the newest immunotherapeutic treatments with checkpoint inhibitors. The pathophysiological correlation between TETs and autoimmunity remains a mystery. Several studies have demonstrated the presence of a residual and active thymopoiesis in adult patients affected by thymomas, especially in mixed and lymphocytic-rich thymomas, currently known as type AB and B thymomas. The aim of this review is to provide the state of art in regard to the histological features of the different TET histotype, to the role of the different immune cells infiltrating tumor microenvironments and their impact in the break of central immunologic thymic tolerance in thymomas. We discuss here both cellular and molecular immunologic mechanisms inducing the onset of autoimmunity in TETs, limiting the portfolio of therapeutic strategies against TETs and greatly impacting the prognosis of associated autoimmune diseases.
Experimental trials of predicted CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes of respiratory syncytial virus
Authors: Qousain Naqvi Syeda Tahira , Muhammad Syed Aun , Guo Jinlei , Zafar Sidra , Ali Amjad , Anderson Larry J. , Rostad Christina A. , Bai Baogang
Published: April 2024

Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in young children around the world and an important cause of LRTI in the elderly. The available treatments and FDA-approved vaccines for RSV only lessen the severity of the infection and are recommended for infants and elderly people.

Methods

We focused on developing a broad-spectrum vaccine that activates the immune system to directly combat RSV. The objective of this study is to identify CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes using an immunoinformatics approach to develop RSV vaccines. The efficacy of these peptides was validated through in-vitro and in-vivo studies involving healthy and diseased animal models.

Results

For each major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I and II, we found three epitopes of RSV proteins including F, G, and SH with an antigenic score of >0.5 and a projected SVM score of <5. Experimental validation of these peptides on female BALB/c mice was conducted before and after infection with the RSV A2 line 19f. We found that the 3RVMHCI (CD8+) epitope of the F protein showed significant results of white blood cells (19.72 × 103 cells/μl), neutrophils (6.01 × 103 cells/μl), lymphocytes (12.98 × 103 cells/μl), IgG antibodies (36.9 µg/ml), IFN-γ (86.96 ng/L), and granzyme B (691.35 pg/ml) compared to control at the second booster dose of 10 µg. Similarly, 4RVMHCII (CD4+) of the F protein substantially induced white blood cells (27.08 × 103 cells/μl), neutrophils (6.58 × 103 cells/μl), lymphocytes (16.64 × 103 cells/μl), IgG antibodies (46.13 µg/ml), IFN-γ (96.45 ng/L), and granzyme B (675.09 pg/ml). In-vitro studies showed that 4RVMHCII produced a significant level of antibodies in sera on day 45 comparable to mice infected with the virus. 4RVMHCII also induced high IFN-γ and IL-2 secretions on the fourth day of the challenge compared to the preinfectional stage.

Conclusion

In conclusion, epitopes of the F protein showed considerable immune response and are suitable for further validation.
Single-cell RNA-seq reveals T cell exhaustion and immune response landscape in osteosarcoma
Authors: Fan Qizhi , Wang Yiyan , Cheng Jun , Pan Boyu , Zang Xiaofang , Liu Renfeng , Deng Youwen
Published: April 2024

Background

T cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment has been demonstrated as a substantial contributor to tumor immunosuppression and progression. However, the correlation between T cell exhaustion and osteosarcoma (OS) remains unclear.

Methods

In our present study, single-cell RNA-seq data for OS from the GEO database was analysed to identify CD8+ T cells and discern CD8+ T cell subsets objectively. Subgroup differentiation trajectory was then used to pinpoint genes altered in response to T cell exhaustion. Subsequently, six machine learning algorithms were applied to develop a prognostic model linked with T cell exhaustion. This model was subsequently validated in the TARGETs and Meta cohorts. Finally, we examined disparities in immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoints, immune-related pathways, and the efficacy of immunotherapy between high and low TEX score groups.

Results

The findings unveiled differential exhaustion in CD8+ T cells within the OS microenvironment. Three genes related to T cell exhaustion (RAD23A, SAC3D1, PSIP1) were identified and employed to formulate a T cell exhaustion model. This model exhibited robust predictive capabilities for OS prognosis, with patients in the low TEX score group demonstrating a more favorable prognosis, increased immune cell infiltration, and heightened responsiveness to treatment compared to those in the high TEX score group.

Conclusion

In summary, our research elucidates the role of T cell exhaustion in the immunotherapy and progression of OS, the prognostic model constructed based on T cell exhaustion-related genes holds promise as a potential method for prognostication in the management and treatment of OS patients.
TGF-β, IL-1β, IL-6 levels and TGF-β/Smad pathway reactivity regulate the link between allergic diseases, cancer risk, and metabolic dysregulations
Authors: Elkoshi Zeev
Published: April 2024

The risk of cancer is higher in patients with asthma compared to those with allergic rhinitis for many types of cancer, except for certain cancers where a contrasting pattern is observed. This study offers a potential explanation for these observations, proposing that the premalignant levels of circulating transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), IL-1β, and IL-6 as well as the reactivity of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway at the specific cancer site, are crucial factors contributing to the observed disparities. Circulating TGF-β, IL- β and IL-6 levels also help clarify why asthma is positively associated with obesity, Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and insulin resistance, whereas allergic rhinitis is negatively linked to these conditions. Furthermore, TGF-β/Smad pathway reactivity explains the dual impact of obesity, increasing the risk of certain types of cancer while offering protection against other types of cancer. It is suggested that the association of asthma with cancer and metabolic dysregulations is primarily linked to the subtype of neutrophilic asthma. A binary classification of TGF-β activity as either high (in the presence of IL-1β and IL-6) or low (in the presence or absence of IL-1β and IL-6) is proposed to differentiate between allergy patients prone to cancer and metabolic dysregulations and those less prone. Glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, the two major metabolic pathways utilized by cells for energy exploitation, potentially underlie this dichotomous classification by reprogramming metabolic pathways in immune cells.
Unraveling fine-scale genetic structure in endangered hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) in Indonesia: implications for management strategies
Authors: Sani Lalu M. Iqbal , Jamaludin  , Hadiko Gunawan , Herma Ema , Inoguchi Emi , Jensen Michael P. , Madden Christine A. , Nishizawa Hideaki , Maryani Leni , Farajallah Achmad , Subhan Beginer , Bengen Dietriech G. , Madduppa Hawis
Published: April 2024

Indonesia is an archipelagic country that provides important nesting and foraging habitats for the critically endangered hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata). Although many studies have investigated this migratory species globally, there is a lack of information on the population structure and geographic boundary of this species in Indonesia. This study aims to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of six nesting sites in the Java Sea region of Indonesia. The control region (d-loop) sequence (818 bp) was obtained from 152 individuals, resulting in 20 haplotypes. This study revealed 13 new haplotypes, 12 of which were rare and observed only in a single sampling location. Results showed that the Indonesian population shares haplotypes with rookeries from Peninsular Malaysia and Australia, as indicated by EiIP08 and EiIP49. The haplotype diversity (h) was highest at the more northern rookery sites (Segama Besar Island, Kimar Island, East Belitung, Penambun Island) (h: 0.6033 - 0.9167; 4 - 9 haplotypes) compared to the other two rookeries located in the Seribu Archipelago (Tidung Island and Harapan Island) (h: 0.3354 - 0.5965; 3 - 6 haplotypes). Furthermore, population structure analysis showed a pan-mixed population between Tidung Island and Harapan Island (FST: 0.003, P > 0.05) but significant population structure across all other rookery sites (FST: 0.083 - 0.486, P < 0.05), resulting in five newly identified Management Units (MUs) in this area. This study showed the presence of a complex population structure with local haplotypes and narrow population boundaries for rookeries in relatively close proximity within the Java Sea, prompting local management and highlighting the need for more research on hawksbill turtle populations in Indonesia.
Fast and flexible spatial sampling methods based on the Quadtree algorithm for ocean monitoring
Authors: Zhou Yanzhi , Lin Pengfei , Liu Hailong , Zheng Weipeng , Li Xiaoxia , Zhang Wenzhou
Published: April 2024

Although existing in situ oceanographic data are sparse, such data still play an important role in submarine monitoring and forecasting. Considering budget limitations, an efficient spatial sampling scheme is critical to obtain data with much information from as few sampling stations as possible. This study improved existing sampling methods based on the Quadtree (QT) algorithm. In the first-phase sampling, the gradient-based QT (GQT) algorithm is recommended since it avoids the repeated calculation of variance in the Variance QT (VQT) algorithm. In addition, based on the GQT algorithm, we also propose the algorithm considering the change in variation (the GGQT algorithm) to alleviate excessive attention to the area with large changes. In second-phase sampling, QT decomposition and the greedy algorithm are combined (the BG algorithm). QT decomposition is used to divide the region into small blocks first, and then within the small blocks, the greedy algorithm is applied to sampling simultaneously. In terms of sampling efficiency, both the GQT (GGQT) algorithm and the BG algorithm are close to the constant time complexity, which is much lower than the time consumption of the VQT algorithm and the dynamic greedy (DG) algorithm and conducive to large-scale sampling tasks. At the same time, the algorithms recommend above share similar qualities with the VQT algorithm and the dynamic greedy algorithm.
Synergy effect of polyaspartic acid and D-phenylalanine on corrosion inhibition caused by Desulfovibrio vulgaris
Authors: Pang Bo , Li Hongyi , Ding Chengcheng , Song Chao , Wang Shuguang
Published: April 2024

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) poses a threat to various fields, particularly in piping and cooling water systems. As a green corrosion inhibitor, polyaspartic acid (PASP) faces challenges in achieving the intended corrosion inhibition against MIC due to biofilm. Therefore, mitigating biofilm might be the key to improving the corrosion inhibition of PASP. D-Phenylalanine (D-Phe) was selected as an enhancer to promote the inhibition of PASP on MIC caused by Desulfovibrio vulgaris due to its potential role in biofilm formation in this work. The joint application of PASP and D-Phe reduced the corrosion rate by 76.54% and obviously decreased the depth of corrosion pits with the maximum depth at 0.95 µm. Also, fewer cells adhered to the coupon surface due to the combined action of PASP and D-Phe, leading to thin and loose biofilm. Besides, both cathodic and anodic reactions were retarded with PASP and D-Phe, resulting in a low corrosion current at 0.530 × 10−7 A/cm2. The primary synergy mechanism is that D-Phe promoted the formation of PASP protective film via decreasing bacterial adhesion and thus inhibited electrochemical reaction and electron utilization of cells from metal surface. This study introduces a novel strategy to augment the effectiveness of PASP in inhibiting MIC.
Welding robot automation technology based on digital twin
Authors: Kang Yuhui , Chen Rongshang
Published: April 2024

In the era of intelligence and automation, robots play a significant role in the field of automated welding, enhancing efficiency and precision. However, challenges persist in scenarios demanding complexity and higher precision, such as low welding planning efficiency and inaccurate weld seam defect detection. Therefore, based on digital twin technology and kernel correlation filtering algorithm, a welding tracking model is proposed. Firstly, the kernel correlation filtering algorithm is used to train the filter on the first frame of the collected image, determine the position of image features in the region, extract histogram features of image blocks, and then train the filter using ridge regression to achieve welding trajectory tracking. Additionally, an intelligent weld seam detection model is introduced, employing a backbone feature network for feature extraction, feature fusion through a feature pyramid, and quality detection of weld seams through head classification. During testing of the tracking model, the maximum tracking error is −0.232 mm, with an average absolute tracking error of 0.08 mm, outperforming other models. Comparatively, in tracking accuracy, the proposed model exhibits the fastest convergence with a precision rate of 0.845, surpassing other models. In weld seam detection, the proposed model excels with a detection accuracy of 97.35% and minimal performance loss at 0.023. In weld seam quality and melt depth error detection, the proposed model achieves errors within the range of −0.06 mm, outperforming the other two models. These results highlight the outstanding detection capabilities of the proposed model. The research findings will serve as technical references for the development of automated welding robots and welding quality inspection.