bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of chemical fertilizer application for blueberry vegetative growth, fruit quality and soil condition
Authors: Wang Xun , Jiao Bolei , Yin Zongyan , Liu Jundou
Published: March 2023

Commercial cultivation of blueberry has rapidly expanded in China in recent years. However, suboptimal fertilization results in poor growth and management practices in blueberry orchards. The present study studied fertilization of southern highbush blueberry in southwest of China. We evaluated the effects of inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers at different doses. Plant vegetative growth, leaf photosynthesis parameters, fruit quality and soil nutrient contents were analyzed. Application of ammonium sulfate enhanced fruit weight, sweetness, and nutrient content, including vitamin C and anthocyanin contents. Comparison of P and K fertilizer treatments revealed that 30 g P/plant in combination with 30 g K/plant conferred superior plant growth and improved fruit sweetness and nutrient content. Using ammonium sulfate as the N source and monopotassium phosphate as the P and K source contributed to maintenance of soil acidity
Effect of rams’ social hierarchy upon scrotal circumference, semen quality, and copulation performance under arid land conditions
Authors: Gerardo Véliz-Deras Francisco , González-Tavizón Andrea , Meza-Herrera César Alberto , Mellado Miguel
Published: March 2023

Social hierarchies among animal species are based on the animal ́s dominance-aggressiveness level aligned with the subordination oftheir mates. Social order is mostly defined by animal size, live weight, or age. This study aimed to evaluate the association betweenodor score (OS), horn presence (HP), horn size (HS), and body temperature on social rank hierarchy, scrotal circumference (SC), semenquality (SQ), and sexual drive (SD). Adult Dorper rams (n=24) with similar live weight (LW), body condition score (BCS), and age (AG)were subjected to a behavioral test to define a success index (SI) based on male-to-male interactions. OS was highest (P<0.05) for ramswith high social rank (HSR; 2.5±0.4) and lowest for rams with low social status (LSR; 0.75±0.01). Scrotal circumference was highest(P<0.05) for HSR rams (40.0±3.5) and lowest for rams with medium social rank (MSR; 29.3±1.20). Sperm cell concentration/mL washighest (P<0.05) for HSR rams (3848±187) and lowest for LSR (2660±463). 80% of the HSR rams had horns, while 33.3 of the LSRrams were hornless. The percentage of rejection to mount an estrous ewe was 77.7 for LSR and 20% for HSR and MSR rams (P <0.05).To conclude, the HSR rams presented the highest successful copulation, scrotal circumference, and sperm cell concentration comparedto rams with lesser social rank scores
Determination of the factors affecting red meat consumption in türkiye with the two-stage Heckman model
Authors: Ayyıldız Merve , Çiçek Adnan
Published: March 2023

Red meat consumption in the world is in a rapid upward trend and has reached a level that involves many sectors. Studies on red meatconsumption have become a guide not only for policies for the red meat sector, but also for health and environmental practices. Withits population size, structure and economy among emerging economies, Türkiye has an important place in red meat consumption. In thepresent study, red meat consumption in Türkiye and the factors affecting the amount of consumption were examined with the two-stageHeckman Model. According to the findings obtained, red meat consumption in Türkiye is mainly beef and lamb. It was found that factorssuch as income, religious belief, regionality, education and household size affect the amount of consumption. An important finding ofthe study was that only 29.1% of consumers had enough red meat consumption that meets the criteria for a balanced diet. This rate isa proof that people living in the country should reconsider their policies in terms of access to adequate and balanced food. On the otherhand, the per capita consumption of red meat determined for Turkey in the study was found to be considerably higher than the officialfigures. This difference between the values can be reduced by improving the control system for keeping records in enterprises and bymaking adjustments in the calculation criteria
Differences between low-income and high-income buyers of organic milk and willingness to pay organic price premiums
Authors: Turan Ozlem , Kadagan Ozgecan
Published: March 2023

The demand for organic products has increased with the increase in individuals’ education and income levels, their sensitivity to the qualityof the products, and their willingness to pay higher prices for natural and quality products. Confidence in organic products, caring aboutthe health effects of organic products, and the ease of accessing them are among the factors that increase their consumption. Organicproducts are also perceived as natural products in Turkey. The awareness of questioning the certificates and logos of purchased organicproducts has not yet been formed. Those who do not know the legislation, such as the organic logo requirement, perceive all kinds ofnatural products obtained from rural areas as organic. In this study, 477 questionnaires from households were obtained in Bursa, the4th largest city in Turkey. The study aimed to reveal organic milk and dairy products (OMDP) consumption perceptions, consumption status,and reasons for preference by participants’ income level. Consumers’ awareness and perceptions of OMDP, their OMDP consumptionstatus, and the relationship between OMDP consumption and income level. The study also inquired whether consumers would be willingto pay more for OMDP and whether this willingness to pay was affected by income levels. Middle-income consumers consumed the mostorganic milk—consumers with high income purchased OMDP the least. However, in case of increased product awareness, half of thehigh-income consumers were willing to pay 30% more for OMDP. This research is a reliable, empirical field study to reveal Turkish OMDPconsumers’ characteristics and contribute to the literature.
Effect of N- carbamylglutamate on amino acids and blood biochemistry in young male goats
Authors: Tawfeeq Al-Ani Jamal Abdul Rahman , Kadhim Hussein Anwar , Shaker Rasha Mohamed
Published: March 2023

To study the effect of feed additive N- carbamylglutamate (NCG) with different levels of feeding on amino acids profile and some analytes in serum of goats, thirty male goats aged 7-8 months were distributed into three levels of concentrate 2%, 3%, 4% with or without NCG in a 2×3 factorial experiment/ Completely Randomized Design (CRD). After 72 days of individual feeding, the blood from jugular vein was obtained before feeding in the morning. Results showed that additive NCG with 3% concentrate led to an increase (P<0.01) in total protein and albumin (P<0.05), globulins increased (P<0.01) with increasing concentrate without NCG. Creatinine decreased with increasing concentrate without NCG. Additive NCG led to a linear decrease in uric acid with increasing feed intake (P<0.05) and a linear increase without NCG. Blood magnesium, zinc, and copper increased with NCG. No difference in calcium between treatments. The level of feeding without NCG didn't affect fat parameters, while LDL, HDL, and cholesterol increased with NCG and 4% concentrate. Additive N- carbamylglutamate affected negatively blood amino acids, especially with 4% concentrate. In conclusion, 3% concentrate was the best for blood homeostasis with or without NCG, and preferred to use NCG with urea.
Technological quality of wheat grains and flour as affected by nitrogen fertilization and weather condition
Authors: Lucena Marinho Jéssica , Ricardo Silva Sérgio , Batista Fonseca Inês Cristina de
Published: March 2023

The quality of grains and flour can be influenced by genetics, crop management, and environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the technological quality of wheat grains and flour influenced by the interaction among genotype, nitrogen (N) fertilization and weather conditions in different regions of wheat crop adaptation in southern Brazil, aiming to support farmers and the bakery industry sector in their decision-making processes. The experiment was carried out in three environments (Londrina in rainfed and irrigated conditions; and Ponta Grossa in rainfed) in a randomized block design with a 10 × 2 factorial scheme. Ten wheat genotypes (BRS Sanhaço, BRS Graúna, BRS Gaivota, BRS Gralha-Azul, TBIO Sinuelo, TBIO Mestre, TBIO Sossego, TBIO Sintonia, TBIO Toruk, and Quartzo) and two N rates (40 and 120 kg ha-1) were assessed. The following technological quality analyses were performed in grains or flour: hectoliter weight, thousand-kernel weight, falling number, grain protein concentration, experimental flour extraction (i.e. flour yield), wet gluten concentration, and alveography. Increasing N rates from 40 to 120 kg ha-1 enhanced the concentrations of grain protein and wet gluten. However, it did not influence dough gluten strength and the commercial classification of the flour. Nitrogen fertilization also influenced the flour yield, dough tenacity and elasticity index, depending on the genotype × environment interaction. Environments with higher temperatures favored the flour yield and wet gluten concentration, while lower temperatures increased thousand-kernel weight and falling number. Water deficit increased the dough extensibility and grain protein concentration, whereas higher water availability favored the falling number, dough tenacity, and tenacity/extensibility ratio. Therefore, these outcomes are important drivers for farmers when choosing specific wheat genotypes for the environmental conditions of their farms, when they intend to meet the industrial requirements of mills and food companies that use wheat flour.
Chemical analysis and protein enzymatic hydrolysis of poly-floral bee pollen
Authors: PASARIN Diana , ROVINARU Camelia
Published: March 2023

This study assessed chemical components and enzymatic hydrolysis of bee pollen (BP) as an approach to modify its structure and generate bioactive peptides which can be used as functional ingredients. The food grade proteases Alcalase 2.4L and Protamex were used at optimized parameters. The degree of hydrolysis (DH), protein content and molecular mass (MM) distribution of the soluble peptides in hydrolysates were determined as indicators for enzymatic hydrolysis. The highest DH was reached by Alcalase 2.4L (10.39 %), whereas Protamex showed the lowest (9.31 %). The total protein content recovered from the hydrolysates was 16.01 % w/w for Alcalase 2.4 L and 15.51 % w/w for Protamex. Electrophoretic profile for Alcalase 2.4L and Protamex showed a range of low molecular (4.5 kDa) and low – medium mass peptides (5.8-51 kDa), respectively. Protein recovery and analysis of peptides MM distribution provides data for further research, taking into account the trend of using BP peptides in food products.
Evaluation of physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of Crataegus species in Malatya, Turkey
Authors: Sezer Öztürk Fatma , Gökbulu İncilay
Published: March 2023

This study aims to evaluate the pomological and physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of the three cultivars of hawthorn. A total of nine phenolic compounds were identified in C. orientalis subsp. orientalis fruits by using RP-HPLC-DAD system. These comprised of phenolic acids (i.e., gallic, chlorogenic, caffeic, syringic and p-coumaric acids) and flavonoids (i.e., catechin, epicatechin, rutin and procyanidin-B2). The major phenolic compounds in the hawthorn samples were procyanidin-B2, rutin and chlorogenic acid. The total phenolic contents of samples ranged from 2.86 to 13.81 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight (DW). β-Carotene contents and antioxidant activities (DPPH and ABTS assays) of fruits were found to be high levels. In conclusion, the hawthorn cultivars used in the study differ in composition as they are subspecies of each other. It was concluded that the phenolic compounds of hawthorn are the primary substances responsible for antioxidant activity, and the fruit has shown that it has an important place with these properties. It is thought that this study will lead to the use of hawthorn in the food industry in the future, thus adding value to this fruit and enabling it to be used in new products.
Influence of pre-sowing red laser irradiation of tomato seeds on the initial plant development, salinity stress tolerance, and harvest yield
Authors: Rivera-Talamantes Carlos Francisco deJesús , Michtchenko Alexandre , González-López Gabriela , Budagovsky Andrei V. , Coyac David Correa- , Acosta Juan
Published: March 2023

This work discusses the laser irradiation effects on tomato seeds (Solanum lycopersicum L), regarding the initial plant development, salinity stress tolerance and harvest yield. The aim of this study was to find an optimal pre-sowing laser irradiation treatment to enhance tomato crop.A diode laser with wavelength of 660 nm and power 100 mW was used, 16 treatments were tested by 4 power densities (0.2, 0.4, 2 and 4 mW cm-2) applied during 4 exposure times (15, 30, 60, 120 s) and a control group without treatment. The study was divided into three stages,firstly it was selected an optimal laser treatment (04 mW cm-2, 30 s), in the second stage the optimal laser treatment was evaluated under salinity stress, and finally in the third stage the optimal laser treatment was evaluated on harvest yield. The optimal laser treatment, on the initial plant development enhanced germination by 10%, radicle growth by 19%, and hypocotyl growth by 13%, in comparison to the control. On seedlings under salinity stress, optimal laser treatment promote germination up to 20%, radicle growth up to 23%, and hypocotyl growth up to 12%.According to this study, saline stress inhibits PSII activity in tomato seedlings,whereas optimal laser treatment increased PSII activity around 71%. About greenhouse crop, optimal laser treatment improved mass produced by 26%. The present study shows a path for application ofpre-sowing red laser radiation treatments in tomato seeds to improve development, saline stress tolerance and final production of tomato crop.
The health values of Phoenix dactylifera (dates): A review
Authors: Alsarayrah Nosiba A. , Oma Eshaifol A. , Alsanad Saud M. , Arsad Hasni , Abudahash Mubark M. , ALEnazi Fouza K. , Alenzi Naif D
Published: March 2023

Dates are one of the most prominent types of fruits spread in the Middle East and North Africa and have been an essential part of thediet of the Arab world since ancient times. It has been called “nature’s candy” due to its sweet taste, which is attributed to its high sugarcontent. Date fruits have great nutritional and therapeutic value, due to the variety of elements they contain, as they contain a goodpercentage of fiber, vitamins, and minerals, especially magnesium, potassium, selenium, calcium salts, and fatty acids (lauric, linoleic,palmitic, and citric acid) as well as an excellent source of antioxidants (flavonoids, polyphenols, and carotenoids) which offer significanthealth-promoting and disease-fighting benefits. In this review, the origin of the date palm fruits was studied, and the nutritional valuewas compared between three types of dates (Ruthana, Sukari, Ajwa) in terms of the nutritional components and the therapeutic values,which is proven by several studies. The nutritional content of date fruits; sugars, beneficial fats, nutritious proteins, and phytochemicalswas reviewed. The health benefits of date fruits include their ability to inhibit free radicals, anti-inflammatory activity, cytotoxicity oncancer cell lines, and the applications for its use as a functional food were indicated. The exact mechanisms still need further researchand exploration, specifically, Ruthana fruits as this type of available literature showed a research gap that could be investigated
The halopriming of seeds improves the germination, growth, physiological and phytochemical attributes of tomato under saline conditions
Authors: Ul Sahar Najam , Khatoon Naseem , Majeed Mangrio Abdul , Ali Rindc Nadir , Rafiq Muhammad
Published: March 2023

The low seed germination response and seedling growth of crops to salinity is common problem in Pakistan. To overcome this problem,seed priming is used as an economic and effective approach. Present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of halopriming ofseeds on germination, growth and yield of tomato under saline conditions. The seeds of tomato variety ‘Raja’ were primed with 0, 50mM and 100mM of NH4NO3, KNO3, and (NH4)2SO4 solutions for 12 and 24 hours. The primed seeds were irrigated separately with tapwater, saline water, and Hoagland solution with saline water. The results indicated that halopriming of tomato seeds with KNO3, NH4NO3and (NH4)2SO4 significantly increased the germination percentage (GP) from 58% (unprimed) to 95% (primed) while decreased the meangermination time (MGT) from 7.44 days (unprimed) to 4.6 days (primed). A significant increase was observed in the height of plant, leafarea, number of leaves, shoot and root biomass, number of fruits per plant, etc. in primed plants irrigated with Hoagland solution undersaline conditions. Similarly, the halopriming with NH4NO3 and KNO3 also enhanced the chlorophyll pigments, lycopene contents, totalsoluble sugars, total proteins, total phenolic contents and total flavonoids in primed plants irrigated with Hoagland solutions under saltstress. Furthermore, proline contents were increased in primed plants irrigated with NaCl solution as compared to other treatments andcontrol. In conclusion, KNO3 and NH4NO3 are more effective priming agents than (NH4)2SO4 were positively affected the germination, plantheight, physiological and biochemical attributes in tomato plants under saline and non-saline conditions. The supplement of Hoaglandsolution under salt stress further improves the morphological, physiological and biochemical attributes of tomato.
Effect of shadenet color and its intensity on tomato crop performance
Authors: Ramana Rao KV , Gangwar, Suchi , Aherwar Pushplata
Published: March 2023

At the research farm of Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, India experimental trials were conducted during three rainy seasons (June-October) starting with 2016-2017. In this study red, white, black and green colors shade nets with varying shade intensities (35, 50 and 75 %) were studied by constructing each shadenet of 100 m2 size. All the tomato crop growth parameters significantly varied with shade net colours and intensities. Crop under red coloured shadenet house was found to have highest plant height and more branches over crop cultivation in other coloured net houses. Among the shade intensifies crop under 50% had highest plant height and more branches per plant as compared to crop under other intensities. Tomato crop under 50% shade intensity with red color shade net gave highest yield and the lowest yield was observed in 75% green colured shadenet house. Reduction in average ambient temperatures over control (outside the shadenet house, which was 30oC) in different shadenets are 3.2-5.9 0C under black shade net, 1.4-3.5 0C under green, 3.0 -5.3 0C under white, 2.0 – 4.4 0C under red coloured shade net house Average light intensity under ambient conditions was highest with 1,10,000 lux whereas in shade net houses the light intensities are much lower than the ambient conditions. The light intensities were found to be highest in green coloured net house for all intensities followed by red, white and black coloured net houses
The leavening Ability of many lactic acid bacteria Isolated from Spontaneous Sourdough
Authors: El Fechtali Toufik , Mimoune REFFAI Youssef , Idbella Mohammed
Published: March 2023

Sourdough technology has been used to make bread for thousands of years. While simple, it involves complex interactions that determine microbial communities. However, evidence for lactic acid bacteria-yeast interactions in sourdough is not yet sufficiently available. The interaction between lactic acid bacteria and yeast has been examined. This study aimed to isolate lactic acid bacteria in wheat sourdough and determine their functional properties, such as acidification kinetics, microbiological counts, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, and leavening ability. The characterization of the isolates revealed the presence of 32 different strains. In addition, six strains with the best performance were chosen to be used as starters for monoculture and co-culture with baker’s yeast. The lowest PH values and the highest total titratable acidity (TTA) values were observed with co-cultures. The growth rate analysis showed a negative interaction, whereas the lactic acid bacteria population was affected by yeast, while the yeast population size was rarely impacted, regardless of the strain. We found promising results for lactic acid bacteria strains regarding fermentation ability, which showed a higher ability to raise dough in monoculture. Two strains (2-1C2 and 13-1S2) showed interesting technological potential due to exopolysaccharide production and could be used to raise the dough without adding baker’s yeast.
Effect of melatonin on ripening of ‘Pearl’ guava fruit at ambient temperature
Authors: Yang Yang , Cui Xiaoyun , Zhong Linrui
Published: March 2023

In this study, fruit quality and activities of antioxidant and cell wall degrading enzymes, were investigated to explore the effect of exogenousmelatonin on preservation of postharvest guava during storage at room temperature (25℃). The results showed 500 μM melatonin treatmentcould effectively delay the softening and yellowing of guava fruit, and maintain high soluble sugar and vitamin С content, to keep theappearance and nutrient quality. Moreover, the treatment could inhibit PPO (polyphenol oxidase) enzyme activity to prevent browning,but promote POD (peroxidase) and CAT (catalase) enzyme activities to improve the resistance of fruit during storage. Furthermore, PG(polygalacturonase) and PL (pectate lyase) enzyme activities were effectively suppressed to protect the structural integrity of the cellwall in fruit, and delay the softening process. These findings indicate, 500 μM exogenous melatonin treatment could delay the ripeningof postharvest guava fruit, and present application value of preservation.
Aerobic-anaerobic composting in oil palm factory with bunker system
Authors: I Hamdani , Mardiana Siti , Hasibuan Syahbudin
Published: March 2023

Oil palm biomass, which includes fronds of oil palm leaves, oil palm fiber and palm kernel shells, empty fruit bunches, liquid waste from oil palm, and other mill wastes, can pose significant environmental hazards. Solid waste and liquid waste have the highest potential for composting. As a result, the goal of this study is to determine the composting features of aerobic-anaerobic systems in palm oil mill bunkers. The research was conducted at PT Eastern Sumatra Indonesia, Bukit Maraja POM, Simalungun Regency, with samples evaluated at Medan's Socfindo Laboratory and Bogor's Center for Research and Development of Biotechnology and Agricultural Genetic Resources. The data acquired in Farm Manager's PLC (Process Logic Control) system was evaluated visually, as were the results of compost qualities from the aerobic-anaerobic system in bunker. Compost made from empty fruit bunches (EFB) via aerobic and anaerobic processes has varied characteristics. The major nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and pH of anaerobic compost are greater than those produced by aerobic compost in bunker. Composting in an aerobic system may suppress the generation of Methane (CH4) gas until it is undetected, however composting in an anaerobic system can detect a high level of Methane (CH4) gas formation.

Keywords: aerobic, anaerobic, bunker system, composting, oil palm
Prediction of chaperonin GroE substrates using small structural patterns of proteins
Authors: Minami Shintaro , Niwa Tatsuya , Uemura Eri , Koike Ryotaro , Taguchi Hideki , Ota Motonori
Published: March 2023

Molecular chaperones are indispensable proteins that assist the folding of aggregation‐prone proteins into their functional native states, thereby maintaining organized cellular systems. Two of the best‐characterized chaperones are the Escherichia coli chaperonins GroEL and GroES (GroE), for which in vivo obligate substrates have been identified by proteome‐wide experiments. These substrates comprise various proteins but exhibit remarkable structural features. They include a number of α/β proteins, particularly those adopting the TIM β/α barrel fold. This observation led us to speculate that GroE obligate substrates share a structural motif. Based on this hypothesis, we exhaustively compared substrate structures with the MICAN alignment tool, which detects common structural patterns while ignoring the connectivity or orientation of secondary structural elements. We selected four (or five) substructures with hydrophobic indices that were mostly included in substrates and excluded in others, and developed a GroE obligate substrate discriminator. The substructures are structurally similar and superimposable on the 2‐layer 2α4β sandwich, the most popular protein substructure, implying that targeting this structural pattern is a useful strategy for GroE to assist numerous proteins. Seventeen false positives predicted by our methods were experimentally examined using GroE‐depleted cells, and 9 proteins were confirmed to be novel GroE obligate substrates. Together, these results demonstrate the utility of our common substructure hypothesis and prediction method.
Adaptive terminal sliding mode controller design for cyber‐physical systems under external disturbance and actuator cyber‐attack
Authors: Nemati Abbas , Peimani Mansour , Mobayen Saleh , Sayyedfattahi Sayyedjavad
Published: March 2023

This article studies a novel technique of the adaptive terminal sliding mode (TSM) control for the finite time stabilization of cyber‐physical systems (CPSs). By using the proposed nonlinear sliding surface, the reaching mode is eliminated and the entire system robust procedure is ameliorated. The used adaptive laws are dealt with the cyber‐attacks and external disturbances which their upper bounds are not needed to be recognized, where suggested approach is more pliable in the real performance. The presented new adaptive TSM control technique guarantees the system robustness versus cyber‐attacks and external disturbances. Furthermore, the proposed control method obliterated the chattering behavior utilizing the hyperbolic tangent function and the continuous adaptive parameters in the control law. Numerical simulation results indicate the proposed adaptive TSM control technique's effectiveness and success compared to the results of state feedback control, conventional sliding mode control (SMC), traditional integral‐type SMC, and adaptive integral‐type SMC methods.
AATOD comments on Part 8 NPRM
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2023

The Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) issued in December (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.33643) that liberalized many of the federal rules governing opioid treatment programs (OTPs) — the only treatment provider allowed to treat opioid use disorder (OUD) with methadone — has drawn key comments from the field. This NPRM concerned Part 8 of 42 CFR Part 2. Don't confuse it with the NPRM also in process concerning Part 2 (confidentiality of substance use disorder treatment records), which ADAW has covered as well (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.33661). We have been publishing selected comments to both NPRMs out of concern that they be included in the public record, as previously the federal government in summaries has cherry‐picked comments supportive of its proposals (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.32640).
Familiar opposition to alcohol taxes mutes push for change in New Mexico
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: March 2023

At a time when the clout of powerful lobbyists appears outsized and the influence of investigative journalism seems greatly diminished, could a hard‐hitting news series about the ills related to legal alcohol possibly spur reluctant policymakers into action?
Zero tolerance for DWI arrestees reduces driver mortality: RAND
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2023

It is known that 24/7 sobriety — the abstinence requirement for people convicted of DWI, commonly known as zero tolerance — reduces re‐arrest, but until the release of a RAND report last week, the associations with improved health outcomes were not known. The study provides the first evidence that such programs, which include frequent alcohol testing and immediate punishment for violations, reduce mortality. However, there are variables in the magnitude of the improvements, probably based on whether participants received treatment or how they were selected for review — data to which the researchers did not have access. In addition, the approach by the researchers focused on individual‐level observables and selection, but not on variation in county‐level implementation or some other variables. In addition, the researchers could not assess the extent to which deterrence — the main tool of 24/7 sobriety programs — vs. other mechanisms drove the results. It's possible that the deterrence protocol in combination with other methods would be effective.
Systematic Transmission Electron Microscopy‐Based Identification and 3D Reconstruction of Cellular Degradation Machinery
Authors: Neikirk Kit , Vue Zer , Katti Prasanna , Rodriguez Ben I. , Omer Salem , Shao Jianqiang , Christensen Trace , Garza Lopez Edgar , Marshall Andrea , Palavicino‐Maggio Caroline B. , Ponce Jessica , Alghanem Ahmad F. , Vang Larry , Barongan Taylor , Beasley Heather K. , Rodman Taylor , Stephens Dominique , Mungai Margaret , Correia Marcelo , Exil Vernat , Damo Steven , Murray Sandra A. , Crabtree Amber , Glancy Brian , Pereira Renata O. , Abel E. Dale , Hinton Antentor O.
Published: March 2023

Various intracellular degradation organelles, including autophagosomes, lysosomes, and endosomes, work in tandem to perform autophagy, which is crucial for cellular homeostasis. Altered autophagy contributes to the pathophysiology of various diseases, including cancers and metabolic diseases. This paper aims to describe an approach to reproducibly identify and distinguish subcellular structures involved in macroautophagy. Methods are provided that help avoid common pitfalls. How to distinguish between lysosomes, lipid droplets, autolysosomes, autophagosomes, and inclusion bodies are also discussed. These methods use transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which is able to generate nanometer‐scale micrographs of cellular degradation components in a fixed sample. Serial block face‐scanning electron microscopy is also used to visualize the 3D morphology of degradation machinery using the Amira software. In addition to TEM and 3D reconstruction, other imaging techniques are discussed, such as immunofluorescence and immunogold labeling, which can be used to classify cellular organelles, reliably and accurately. Results show how these methods may be used to accurately quantify cellular degradation machinery under various conditions, such as treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum stressor thapsigargin or ablation of the dynamin‐related protein 1.
A study on path optimization of construction machinery by fusing ant colony optimization and artificial potential field
Authors: Luo Gaomei , Shen Yang
Published: March 2023

With the progress of manufacturing capability and the requirements of modern project construction clustering and safety, unmanned technology has become a major development direction for construction machinery. The study analyzes the defects of the ACO applied to path planning, uses the basic ant colony method combined with the APF algorithm to construct comprehensive heuristic information to improve the efficiency of the initial iteration, and adds a pseudo‐random proportional transfer rule to improve its transfer rule, in addition to proposing an optimal ant pheromone release rule to ensure that the pheromone update can effectively improve the effect of the later iteration. In the 20 × 20 raster map, the optimal path of both the basic and potential field ant colony algorithms is 31.52, while the basic ant colony algorithm does not converge to the optimal path after 200 iterations in the 30 × 30 raster map, and the comparison algorithm converges to the optimal path after 156 iterations, while the potential field ant colony algorithm converges to the optimal path after 25 iterations at 47.52. And the potential field ant colony The potential field ant colony algorithm converges to the optimal path of 47.52 after 25 iterations, and the number of turns in both raster maps of different sizes is only about 50% of the basic ant colony algorithm, which is also better than that of the comparison algorithm. The proposed algorithm improves the ability of the ant colony algorithm to explore and exploit raster maps, enhances its path planning capability, and improves the construction efficiency well in practical applications.
A Comparative Study on the Production of a Hat Profile by Roll Forming and Stamping
Authors: Suckow Timon , Bütev Öcal Ezgi , Groche Peter
Published: March 2023

Lightweight design using high‐strength aluminum alloys has gained importance due to the continuing need for weight reduction and increasing crash safety requirements in the automotive industry. There are various manufacturing processes available for processing high‐strength aluminum alloys. Herein, the production of high‐strength aluminum parts by roll forming and stamping based on the example of an AA7075‐T6 hat profile is compared. Roll forming represents a continuous manufacturing process, while stamping is a discontinuous process. Different process routes (T6, W‐Temper and O) for roll forming as well as for stamping (T6, W‐Temper, O and hot forming) are in focus of the investigation. Fundamental differences of the forming processes and the tempering condition are observed and criteria for the choice of the manufacturing process and process route are presented. The temperature‐supported process routes improve the poor cold formability of AA7075 alloy and thus enhance the process window. Potential is offered for both manufacturing processes by applying tailored properties achieved through targeted quenching.
Injectable Biomimetic Hydrogel Guided Functional Bone Regeneration by Adapting Material Degradation to Tissue Healing
Authors: Li Yamin , Xiao Lan , Wei Daixu , Liu Shengyang , Zhang Zeren , Lian Ruixian , Wang Liren , Chen Yunsu , Jiang Jia , Xiao Yin , Liu Changsheng , Li Yulin , Zhao Jinzhong
Published: March 2023

The treatment of irregular bone defects remains a clinical challenge since the current biomaterials (e.g., calcium phosphate bone cement (CPC)) mainly act as inert substitutes, which are incapable of transforming into a regenerated host bone (termed functional bone regeneration). Ideally, the implant degradation rate should adapt to that of bone regeneration, therefore providing sufficient physicochemical support and giving space for bone growth. This study aims to develop an injectable biomaterial with bone regeneration‐adapted degradability, to reconstruct a biomimetic bone‐like structure that can timely transform into new bone, facilitating functional bone regeneration. To achieve this goal, a hybrid (LP‐CPC@gelatin, LC) hydrogel is synthesized via one‐step incorporation of laponite (LP) and CPC into gelatin hydrogel, and the LC gel degradation rate is controlled by adjusting the LP/CPC ratio to match the bone regeneration rate. Such an LC hydrogel shows good osteoinduction, osteoconduction, and angiogenesis effects, with complete implant‐to‐new bone transformation capacity. This 2D nanoclay‐based bionic hydrogel can induce ectopic bone regeneration and promote ligament graft osseointegration in vivo by inducing functional bone regeneration. Therefore, this study provides an advanced strategy for functional bone regeneration and an injectable biomimetic biomaterial for functional skeletal muscle repair in a minimally invasive therapy.
Synergistic Toughening and Self‐Healing Strategy for Highly Efficient and Stable Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Jia , Sheng Wangping , Li Xiang , Zhong Yang , Su Yang , Tan Licheng , Chen Yiwang
Published: March 2023

Halide perovskites are qualified to meet the flexibility demands of optoelectronic field because of their merits of flexibility, lightness, and low cost. However, the intrinsic defects and deformation‐induced ductile fracture in both perovskite and buried interface significantly restrict the photoelectric performance and longevity of flexible perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Here, a dual‐dynamic cross‐linking network is schemed to boost the photovoltaic efficiency and mechanical stability of flexible PVSCs by incorporating natural polymerizable small molecule α‐lipoic acid (LA). The LA therein can be autonomously ring‐opening polymerized through dynamic disulfide bonds and hydrogen bonds, concurrently forming coordination bonds to interact with perovskite component. Importantly, the polymerization product can serve as efficacious passivating and toughening agents to simultaneously optimize interfacial contact, enhance perovskite crystallinity and sustain robust mechanical bendability. Subsequently, the rigid (or flexible) p‐i‐n device realizes a champion efficiency of 22.43% (or 19.03%) with prominent operational stability. Moreover, the dual‐dynamic cross‐linking network endows PVSCs with bendability and self‐healing capacity, allowing the optimized devices to retain >80% efficiency after 3000 bending cycles, and subsequently restore to ≈95% of its initial efficiency under mild heat‐treatment. This toughening and self‐healing strategy provides a facile and efficient path to prolong operational lifetime of flexible device.
High‐Performance Ternary Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Integrating a 3D‐Shaped Guest Acceptor Derived from Perylene Diimide
Authors: Liu Ming , Ge Xianxian , Jiang Xingjian , Guo Fengyun , Gao Shiyong , Peng Qiang , Zhao Liancheng , Zhang Yong
Published: March 2023

Integrating a third component into the binary system is considered to be one of the most effective strategies to further enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) in organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, a novel perylene diimide (PDI) derivative featuring 3D structure, TPA‐4PDI, with tetraphenyladamantane central core is developed as a guest electron acceptor to be incorporated into the PM6:Y6 binary system. The champion PCE of ternary OSC is recorded to be 18.29% by adding 7.5 wt.% of TPA‐4PDI in the ternary blend, which photovoltaic performance is enhanced with synergistically increased open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.849 V, short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 27.55 mA cm−2, and fill factor (FF) of 78.21%. TPA‐4PDI exhibits a complementary absorption band with PM6 and Y6 while its lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level falls between the two host materials. The addition of TPA‐4PDI can effectively suppress the recombination behavior, inhibit the excessive aggregation of Y6 and improve the morphology of PM6:Y6 blend. All these effects function synergistically and then lead to the enhancement of Voc, Jsc, and FF in ternary OSCs. This study suggests that developing PDI derivatives as the third component is an effective method to further improve the performance of ternary OSCs.
Multileveled Hierarchical Hydrogel with Continuous Biophysical and Biochemical Gradients for Enhanced Repair of Full‐Thickness Osteochondral Defect
Authors: Zhang Liwen , Dai Wenli , Gao Chenyuan , Wei Wei , Huang Ruiran , Zhang Xin , Yu Yingjie , Yang Xiaoping , Cai Qing
Published: March 2023

The repair of hierarchical osteochondral defect requires sophisticated gradient reestablishment; however, few strategies for continuous gradient casting consider the relevance to clinical practice regarding cell adaptability, multiple gradient elements, and precise gradient mirroring native tissue. Here, a hydrogel with continuous gradients in nano‐hydroxyapatite (HA) content, mechanical, and magnetism is developed using synthesized superparamagnetic HA nanorods (MagHA) that easily respond to a brief magnetic field. To precisely reconstruct osteochondral tissue, the optimized gradient mode is calculated according to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of healthy rabbit knees. Then, MagHA are patterned to form continuous biophysical and biochemical gradients, consequently generating incremental HA, mechanical, and electromagnetic cues under an external magnetic stimulus. To make such depth‐dependent biocues work, an adaptable hydrogel is developed to facilitate cell infiltration. Furthermore, this approach is applied in rabbit full‐thickness osteochondral defects equipped with a local magnetic field. Surprisingly, this multileveled gradient composite hydrogel repairs osteochondral unit in a perfect heterogeneous feature, which mimics the gradual cartilage‐to‐subchondral transition. Collectively, this is the first study that combines an adaptable hydrogel with magneto‐driven MagHA gradients to achieve promising outcomes in osteochondral regeneration.
Programmably Controllable Delivery of Metastable Ferrous Ions for Multiscale Dynamic Imaging Guided Photothermal Primed Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhang Xinming , Lin Song , Zhao Feng , Zhang Jing , Lei Shan , Bai Fang , Liu Qiang , Wu Jiayingzi , He Ting , Huang Peng , Lin Jing
Published: March 2023

Metallomodulation cell death strategies are extensively investigated for antitumor therapy, such as cuproptosis, ferroptosis, and chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Undoubtedly, the accurate and specific elevation of metal ions levels in cancer cells is key to boosting their therapeutic index. Herein, a programmably controllable delivery system based on croconium dye (Croc)–ferrous ion (Fe2+) nanoprobes (CFNPs) is developed for multiscale dynamic imaging guided photothermal primed CDT. The Croc, with kinds of electron‐rich iron‐chelating groups, can form the Croc–Fe2+ complex with a precise stoichiometry of 1:1 to steadily maintain the valence state of Fe2+. The CFNPs can achieve pH‐responsive visualization and accurate Fe2+ release in cancerous tissues under the coactivation of “dual‐key” stimulation of “acidity and near‐infrared (NIR) light”. The acidic tumor microenvironment actuates NIR fluorescence/photoacoustic imaging and photothermal properties of CFNPs. Sequentially, under exogenous NIR light, the CFNPs enable in vivo accurate visualization of Croc–Fe2+ complex delivery for photothermal primed Fe2+ release, thus achieving CDT of tumors. By leveraging multiscale dynamic imaging technologies, the complicated spatiotemporal release of Fe2+ is sketched in a programmably controllable manner, and the domino effect of tumor pH level, photothermal effect, and CDT is also revealed, endowing customized feedback of the therapeutic panorama within the disease microenvironment.
Sorption‐Based Atmospheric Water Harvesting: Materials, Components, Systems, and Applications
Authors: Entezari Akram , Esan Oladapo Christopher , Yan Xiaohui , Wang Ruzhu , An Liang
Published: March 2023

Freshwater scarcity is a global challenge posing threats to the lives and daily activities of humankind such that two‐thirds of the global population currently experience water shortages. Atmospheric water, irrespective of geographical location, is considered as an alternative water source. Sorption‐based atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH) has recently emerged as an efficient strategy for decentralized water production. SAWH thus opens up a self‐sustaining source of freshwater that can potentially support the global population for various applications. In this review, the state‐of‐the‐art of SAWH, considering its operation principle, thermodynamic analysis, energy assessment, materials, components, different designs, productivity improvement, scale‐up, and application for drinking water, is first extensively explored. Thereafter, the practical integration and potential application of SAWH, beyond drinking water, for wide range of utilities in agriculture, fuel/electricity production, thermal management in building services, electronic devices, and textile are comprehensively discussed. The various strategies to reduce human reliance on natural water resources by integrating SAWH into existing technologies, particularly in underdeveloped countries, in order to satisfy the interconnected needs for food, energy, and water are also examined. This study further highlights the urgent need and future research directions to intensify the design and development of hybrid‐SAWH systems for sustainability and diverse applications.
Open‐Shell Diradical‐Sensitized Electron Transport Layer for High‐Performance Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells
Authors: Fang Shiwen , Huang Jiaxing , Tao Ran , Wei Qi , Ding Xiaobo , Yajima Shota , Chen Zhongxin , Zhu Weiya , Liu Cheng , Li Yusheng , Yin Ni , Song Leliang , Liu Yang , Shi Guozheng , Wu Hao , Gao Yiyuan , Wen Xin , Chen Qi , Shen Qing , Li Youyong , Liu Zeke , Li Yuan , Ma Wanli
Published: March 2023

The zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) are well‐documented as an excellent electron transport layer (ETL) in optoelectronic devices. However, the intrinsic surface flaw of the ZnO NPs can easily result in serious surface recombination of carriers. Exploring effective passivation methods of ZnO NPs is essential to maximize the device's performance. Herein, a hybrid strategy is explored for the first time to improve the quality of ZnO ETL by incorporating stable organic open‐shell donor‐acceptor type diradicaloids. The high electron‐donating feature of the diradical molecules can efficiently passivate the deep‐level trap states and improve the conductivity of ZnO NP film. The unique advantage of the radical strategy is that its passivation effectiveness is highly correlated with the electron‐donating ability of radical molecules, which can be precisely controlled by the rational design of molecular chemical structures. The well‐passivated ZnO ETL is applied in lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal quantum dot solar cells, delivering a power conversion efficiency of 13.54%. More importantly, as a proof‐of‐concept study, this work will inspire the exploration of general strategies using radical molecules to construct high‐efficiency solution‐processed optoelectronic devices.
Topology Hierarchy of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Built from Quantum Spin Hall Layers
Authors: Xu Lixuan , Li Yiwei , Fang Yuqiang , Zheng Huijun , Shi Wujun , Chen Cheng , Pei Ding , Lu Donghui , Hashimoto Makoto , Wang Meixiao , Yang Lexian , Feng Xiao , Zhang Haijun , Huang Fuqiang , Xue Qikun , He Ke , Liu Zhongkai , Chen Yulin
Published: March 2023

The evolution of the physical properties of 2D material from monolayer limit to the bulk reveals unique consequences from dimension confinement and provides a distinct tuning knob for applications. Monolayer 1T'‐phase transition metal dichalcogenides (1T'‐TMDs) with ubiquitous quantum spin Hall (QSH) states are ideal 2D building blocks of various 3D topological phases. However, the stacking geometry has been previously limited to the bulk 1T'‐WTe2 type. Here, the novel 2M‐TMDs consisting of translationally stacked 1T'‐monolayers are introduced as promising material platforms with tunable inverted bandgaps and interlayer coupling. By performing advanced polarization‐dependent angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy as well as first‐principles calculations on the electronic structure of 2M‐TMDs, a topology hierarchy is revealed: 2M‐WSe2, MoS2, and MoSe2 are weak topological insulators (WTIs), whereas 2M‐WS2 is a strong topological insulator (STI). Further demonstration of topological phase transitions by tunning interlayer distance indicates that band inversion amplitude and interlayer coupling jointly determine different topological states in 2M‐TMDs. It is proposed that 2M‐TMDs are parent compounds of various exotic phases including topological superconductors and promise great application potentials in quantum electronics due to their flexibility in patterning with 2D materials.