bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leisure Activity Patterns of an Academic Environmental Group of Szczecin University Students—An Interdepartmental Analysis
Authors: Osóch Barbara , Maciejewska Katarzyna , Dmytrów Krzysztof
Published: February 2025

The objective of this study was to verify the leisure time activity (LTA) patterns among students of three university courses (including students in their first, second, and third year of their bachelor’s degree)—Physical Education (PE) vs. Sports Diagnostics (SD) vs. Tourism and Recreation (TaR)—at the University of Szczecin and their possible correlations with the faculty of the studying youth. The study involved a total of 219 respondents: 96 were studying TaR, 93 were studying PE, and 31 were studying SD. The research was based on the following questionnaires: the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and a questionnaire created by the authors which covered the type of leisure time activity (LTA) with emphasis on leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and its type, frequency, and whether students sought companionship while engaging in such activities. The data obtained were developed using statistical methods such as analysis of structure and correspondence analysis. Several research questions were put forward in the study. Surprisingly, TaR students were characterized by a greater variety of sports activities than the PE or SD students. The TaR students had also undertaken long trips more often than the PE students. No difference in the frequency of long trips was found between students from either course. Regardless of the type of university course studied, no significant differences were found between the genders in terms of spending free time alone vs. in the company of family/friends.
Design for Sustainable Behaviour: An Exploratory Study in Schools’ Washrooms
Authors: Franceschini Paula Brumer , Rocha Cecilia Gravina da
Published: February 2025

Recent research suggests that built environments can influence user behavior. Concurrently, Design for Sustainable Behaviour (DfSB) has emerged in design and manufacturing disciplines. This paper explores the application of DfSB in built environment design by devising and implementing a toolkit to prompt children to behave more sustainably in schools’ washrooms. The resource consumption before and after the toolkit installation in two primary schools was measured and compared. Afterward, interviews and a workshop were carried out to gather the perceptions of children and staff. Results show a preference for stickers that are playful and portray natural motifs. Also, the toolkit design concepts were not perceived by most users, suggesting it can be simplified and serve mainly as a reminder to perform a particular behavior. Yet, the interview participants suggested that the toolkit could indirectly contribute to more sustainable behaviors by creating a pleasant environment and prompting children to not play/waste resources. Additionally, the research reviews and classifies existing DfSB strategies into three categories, providing valuable insights for designers on tailoring interventions based on user control, attitudes, and targeted behaviors.
Effect of Hydrodynamic Conditions on the Corrosion Mechanism of HSLA X100 Steel by EIS and EN Analysis
Authors: Galván-Martínez Ricardo , Campechano-Lira Clarisa , Orozco-Cruz Ricardo , Hernández-Pérez Miguel Ángel , López-Huerta Francisco , Mejía-Sánchez Edgar , Ramírez-Cano Jorge Alberto , Carmona-Hernández Andres
Published: February 2025

In this research work, the influence of the electrolyte hydrodynamic conditions on the corrosion mechanism of the high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) X100 steel used in the petroleum transportation pipelines was analyzed. A Rotary Cylinder Electrode (RCE) was used to simulate the hydrodynamic conditions (1000 and 5000 rpm). Mechanical, microstructural and elemental characterization tests were performed on X100 steel, and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique was used to analyze the corrosion mechanism, while the morphology of the corrosion process on the corroded surfaces was obtained by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). It was found that the increasing rotation rate (υ rot) generates a fully developed flow regime where the system was dominated by a mass transfer process and increases the kinetics of chemical and electrochemical reactions so there is an increase in the corrosion rate (CR). On the other hand, the adsorption of corrosion product films that limits the charge transfer process depended on the magnitude of the shear stress that can generate wear and roughness, as well as a greater number of anodic sites, leaving the metal exposure to the corrosive medium.
Research on the Method of Calculating Anchorage Flaw Length Based on the Propagation Characteristics of Bolt Excitation Stress Waves
Authors: Li Chuan , Li Chuanming , Han Qinghua , Liu Wanrong , Cao Jianguo , Li Hu , Wang Yikai
Published: February 2025

This research aimed to detect the defects of anchoring agents’ empty slurries in anchor support. The influence of anchoring defects on the propagation law of stress waves was comprehensively investigated using laboratory tests, theoretical calculations, and other methods. The characteristic modal components with symmetry and periodicity laws were extracted by adopting a variable modal decomposition (VMD) signal decomposition method. It was found that the bottom reflection time of stress waves had an inverse function relationship with the length of the anchorage flaw. The average propagation speed of the stress wave in the free rod was obtained as 5150 m/s, and the average consolidation wave speed was 4198 m/s. The calculation method of the bolt flaw length was finally proposed. After experimental verification, the average error rate was 2.65%, which meets the requirement of testing accuracy in the engineering field, which provides a guarantee for safe production.
Barriers to the Adoption of Augmented Reality Technologies for Education and Training in the Built Environment: A Developing Country Context
Authors: Akinradewo Opeoluwa , Hafez Mohamed , Aliu John , Oke Ayodeji , Aigbavboa Clinton , Adekunle Samuel
Published: February 2025

The construction industry has been tasked to adapt to technological advancements that other industries have implemented to grow and remain relevant. One of these technological advancements is augmented reality technologies. ART combines real and virtual worlds without completely immersing the individual in a virtual simulation. The use of ART can significantly improve education and training, especially in the construction industry, by analysing real-world environments while training in a controlled setting. This study, therefore, sets out to identify the factors that hinder the use of ART in the built environment. To achieve this, a quantitative research approach was adopted, and questionnaires were distributed to professionals in the built environment using South Africa as the research location. Retrieved data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that investment cost is the major hindrance stakeholders face in implementing ART for education and training in the built environment. The exploratory factor analysis result clustered the identified barriers as internal organisation-related, culture-related, knowledge-related, and educator-related barriers. The study concluded that stakeholders in the built environment still have major responsibilities to ensure there is proper awareness of the benefits of adopting ART for education and training.
The Impact of Eco-Degradation on Residential Tourism: The Case of the Mar Menor, Spain
Authors: Sarabia-Sánchez Francisco J. , Bruno Juan M. , Sarabia-Andreu Francisco , Moreno-Micol Maria A.
Published: February 2025

The relationship between tourism and the environment is often studied through tourism’s impact on destinations, with limited focus on how eco-degradation affects tourism, including residential tourism, which remains the most loyal to specific destinations. This study examines whether a destination’s eco-degradation impacts the residential tourists’ satisfaction and their intention to revisit. Two studies were conducted on the Mar Menor destination (Spain) using two online questionnaires administered through social media. Study 1 (from October 2020 to December 2021, n = 822) explored tourists’ perceptions of the destination’s ecological situation. Study 2 (November 2022 and March 2023, n = 453) examined how the destination’s eco-degradation influences residential tourists’ intention to revisit, considering the mediating role of destination attachment and perceived value. We found that residential tourists’ perceptions and revisit intentions vary with accommodation type. Eco-degradation impacts holiday satisfaction but not revisit intentions. Second-home ownership compels visits despite dissatisfaction or a preference for alternative destinations. This research contributes to the scarce literature on residential tourism by showing that place attachment and the perceived value, satisfaction, and behavioural intentions can explain revisit intention even in contexts of eco-degradation of the destination.
Comprehensive Cross-Sectional Study of the Triglyceride Glucose Index, Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure, and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Machine Learning Integrated Approach
Authors: Wang Xuehai , Tian Mengxin , Shen Zengxu , Tian Kai , Fei Yue , Cheng Yulan , Ruan Jialing , Mo Siyi , Dai Jingjing , Xia Weiyi , Jiang Mengna , Zhao Xinyuan , Zhu Jinfeng , Xiao Jing
Published: February 2025

Using NHANES data from 2003 to 2008, 2011 to 2012, and 2015 to 2020, we examined the relationship between urinary organophosphate pesticide (OPP) metabolites and the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index. The TyG index evaluates insulin resistance, a crucial factor in metabolic diseases. Linear regression analyzed urinary metabolites in relation to the TyG index and OPPs. An RCS (restricted cubic spline) model explored the nonlinear relationship of a single OPP metabolite to TyG. A weighted quantile regression and quantile-based g-computation assessed the impact of combined OPP exposure on the TyG index. XGBoost, Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, logistic regression, and SHapley Additive exPlanations models investigated the impact of OPPs on the TyG index and cardiovascular disease. Network toxicology identified CVD targets associated with OPPs. This study included 4429 participants based on specific criteria. Linear regression analysis indicated that diethyl thiophosphate was positively correlated with the TyG index. The positive correlation between OPP metabolites and the TyG index at low to moderate concentrations was confirmed by WQS and QGC analyses. The machine learning results aligned with traditional statistical findings. Network toxicology identified PTGS3, PPARG, HSP40AA1, and CXCL8 as targets influenced by OPPs. OPP exposure influences IR and cardiometabolic health, highlighting the importance of public health prevention.
Smart, Sustainable, Resilient, and Inclusive Cities: Integrating Performance Assessment Indicators into an Ontology-Oriented Scheme in Support of the Urban Planning Practice
Authors: Panagiotopoulou Maria , Stratigea Anastasia , Kokla Margarita
Published: February 2025

The unprecedented pace of urbanization has been exerting significant strain on cities, raising critical concerns across environmental, economic, social, and technological aspects. In response, the ‘Smart City’ concept has emerged as a novel urban development paradigm, aiming at addressing contemporary urban issues, enhancing cities’ competitiveness and prosperity, and fostering active participation through the strategic utilization of state-of-the-art technologies. However, the smart city term suffers from considerable conceptual ambiguity, thereby provoking intense confusion and misunderstanding among interested parties and leading to the implementation of ineffective initiatives. Moreover, the priorities of sustainability, resilience, and inclusiveness have gained prominence in the urban planning discourse, necessitating a more integrated view that aligns urban targets with performance assessment across various domains. In light of these issues, this study endeavors to clarify the above-mentioned conceptual vagueness by developing a holistic, indicator-oriented smart city ontology. The proposed knowledge representation scheme is intended to serve as a Decision Support Tool that will facilitate policymakers to tackle urban challenges and formulate sound policies. Additionally, it is expected to contribute to the fields of spatial and developmental planning by establishing a standardized framework for assessing and monitoring cities’ performance, while elucidating the complex interrelationships and trade-offs among diverse urban dimensions.
Complete Genome Classification System of Rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis: An Updated Analysis
Authors: Díaz Alarcón Ricardo Gabriel , Salvatierra Karina , Gómez Quintero Emiliano , Liotta Domingo Javier , Parreño Viviana , Miño Samuel Orlando
Published: February 2025

Rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis is the major causative agent of acute gastroenteritis in both children under the age of 5 and young mammals and birds globally. RVAs are non-enveloped viruses with a genome comprising 11 double-stranded RNA segments. In 2008, the Rotavirus Classification Working Group pioneered a comprehensive and complete RVA genome classification system, establishing a specific threshold, which measures the genetic distances between homologous genes. The aim of this study was to perform an updated systematic analysis of the genetic variability across all RVA genes. Our investigation involved assessing the established cutoff values for each RVA genome segment and determining the need for any updates. To achieve this objective, multiple sequence alignments were constructed for all 11 genes and one for each genotype with discrepancies. Also, pairwise distances along with their cutoff values were evaluated. The analyses provided insights into the current relevance of cutoff values, which remain applicable for the majority of genotypes. In conclusion, this study fortifies the current classification system by highlighting its robustness and accurate genotyping of Rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis.
The Emergence of Coxsackievirus A16 Subgenotype B1c: A Key Driver of the Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Epidemic in Guangdong, China
Authors: Zeng Huiling , Zeng Biao , Yi Lina , Qu Lin , Cao Jiadian , Yang Fen , Yang Haiyi , Xie Chunyan , Yan Yuxi , Deng Wenwen , Li Shuling , Zhang Yingtao , Li Baisheng , Lu Jing , Zeng Hanri
Published: February 2025

Background: In 2024, mainland China witnessed a significant upsurge in Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) cases. Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) is one of the primary causative agents of HFMD. Long-term monitoring of theCVA16 infection rate and genotype changes is crucial for the prevention and control of HFMD. Methods: A total of 40,673 clinical specimens were collected from suspected HFMD cases in Guangdong province from 2018 to 2024, including rectal swabs (n = 27,954), throat swabs (n = 6791), stool (n = 5923), cerebrospinal fluid (n = 3), and herpes fluid (n = 2). A total of 24,410 samples were detected as EV-positive and further typed by RT-PCR. A total of 872 CVA16-positive samples were isolated and further sequenced to obtain the full-length VP1 sequence. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on viral protein 1 gene (VP1). Results: In the first 25 weeks of 2024, reported cases of HFMD were 1.36 times higher than the mean rates of 2023. In 2024, CVA16 predominated at 75.42%, contrasting with the past etiological pattern in which the CVA6 was predominant with the detection rate ranging from 32.85 to 77.61% from 2019 to 2023. Phylogenetic analysis based on the VP1 gene revealed that the B1a and B1b subtypes co-circulated in Guangdong from 2018 to 2022. The B1c outbreak clade, detected in Guangdong in 2023, constituted 68.24% of the 148 strains of CVA16 collected in 2024, suggesting a subtype shift in the CVA16 virus. There were three specific amino acid variations (P3S, I235V, and T240A) in the VP1 sequence of B1c. Conclusions: The new emergence of the CVA16 B1c outbreak clade in Guangdong during 2023–2024 highlights the necessity for the enhanced surveillance of the virus evolution epidemiological dynamic in this region. Furthermore, it is imperative to closely monitor the etiological pattern changes in Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) in other regions as well. Such vigilance will be instrumental in guiding future vaccination strategies for HFMD.
Assessing Torquetenovirus (TTV) as a Biomarker for Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines in People Living with HIV and Healthy Individuals
Authors: Minosse Claudia , Spezia Pietro Giorgio , Mazzotta Valentina , Matusali Giulia , Meschi Silvia , Colavita Francesca , Mariotti Davide , Notari Stefania , Vergori Alessandra , Focosi Daniele , Girardi Enrico , Antinori Andrea , Maggi Fabrizio
Published: February 2025

Background: Torquetenovirus (TTV) viremia is increasingly recognized as a marker of immune competence. In the context of COVID-19, TTV viral load (VL) has been shown to predict anti-Spike antibody levels in severely immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to evaluate whether pre-vaccine TTV VL could predict humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in people living with HIV (PLWH) and healthy individuals (HP). Methods: TTV VL was measured via real-time PCR in serum samples collected before the second and third doses of mRNA vaccines in 93 PLWH and 48 HP (second dose) and 255 PLWH and 48 HP (third dose). Immune responses were assessed through anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG, neutralizing antibodies, and IFN-γ release. Statistical analyses included correlation studies between TTV VL and vaccine-induced immune responses. Results: TTV VL did not significantly correlate with anti-RBD IgG or neutralizing antibody levels in either cohort; highlighting its limited predictive value for humoral responses in relatively immunocompetent populations. However, a strong inverse correlation was observed between TTV VL and IFN-γ release after the third, but not the second, vaccine dose. These findings suggest that higher TTV VL, indicative of reduced immune competence, may impair T-cell-mediated immunity to vaccines. Conclusions: In virologically suppressed PLWH and HP, TTV VL is not a reliable predictor of humoral immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines. However, its inverse relationship with cellular responses warrants further investigation in more immunosuppressed populations. These results reinforce the continuum model of TTV VL as a biomarker, with predictive utility increasing alongside the degree of immunosuppression
The Role of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Viral Infections and Their Function in Vaccine Development
Authors: Sugimoto Chie , Wakao Hiroshi
Published: February 2025

Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells, which bridge innate and adaptive immunity, have emerged as an important player in viral infections despite their inability to directly recognize viral antigens. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of MAIT cell responses across different viral infections, revealing consistent patterns in their behavior and function. We discuss the dynamics of MAIT cells during various viral infections, including changes in their frequency, activation status, and functional characteristics. Particular attention is given to emerging strategies for MAIT-cell-targeted vaccine development, including the use of MR1 ligands as mucosal adjuvants and the activation of MAIT cells through viral vectors and mRNA vaccines. Current knowledge of MAIT cell biology in viral infections provides promising approaches for harnessing their functions in vaccine development.
Differential Analysis of Fecal SCFAs and Their Contribution to Adipogenesis in UCP1 Knock-In Pigs
Authors: Zhao Chengyu , Pan Jianfei , Wang Yanfang , Zhao Jianguo , Huang Jiaojiao
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to investigate the changes in fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content in UCP1 knock-in pigs (KI pigs) and their effect on adipogenesis. Fecal samples from five 6-month-old wild-type (WT) and KI pigs were collected for targeted metabolomics and 16s rRNA sequencing analyses to identify differences in SCFAs and gut microbiota that may contribute to regulating fat deposition in pigs. The metabolome of pig fecal samples targeted for an analysis of SCFAs identified seven SCFAs, with caproic acid (except isovaleric acid) being the significantly different one. The results of the fecal 16s rRNA analysis demonstrated a notable reduction in the abundance of Streptococcus spp. in the KI pigs in comparison to the WT pigs, with a statistically significant difference. Correlation analyses demonstrated a statistically significant positive correlation between the abundance of Streptococcus spp. and SCFAs, as well as pig body weight and fatness. It was postulated that the reduction in SCFAs in the intestinal tracts of KI pigs may be associated with a reduction in Streptococcus spp. abundance. Compared to WT pigs, the concentration of fecal SCFAs in KI pigs was significantly reduced, which may be related to the decreased abundance of Streptococcus. The in vitro experiments showed that caproic acid could significantly enhance the differentiation efficiency of porcine SVF cells into mature adipocytes by activating the FFAR4 gene.
Zinc Oxide Administration Relieves the Diarrhea of ETEC K88-Infected Piglets by Reducing Ileal Apoptosis and Maintaining Gut Microbial Balance
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Liu Jiale , Li Muzi , Dong Yi , Li Zongyun , Yi Dan , Wu Tao , Wang Lei , Zhao Di , Hou Yongqing
Published: February 2025

The impact of ZnO as a feed additive on growth-performance and intestinal function of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88-infected piglets remains unclear. Fecal scores of piglets in ETEC group were significantly increased compared to control group. ETEC K88 significantly damages the small intestine, including a reduction in villus height in the jejunum, duodenum, and ileum, and a decrease in total superoxide dismutase activity in the jejunum and catalase activity in the ileum and jejunum. Compared to control group, ETEC K88 infection significantly elevated the mRNA level of gene IL-1β and the level of ileal epithelial cell apoptosis. ZnO administration significantly alleviated these negative effects and improved the antioxidative capability of the ileum. Moreover, ZnO supplementation alleviated the imbalance of gut microbiota by restoring the reduced amount of Enterococcus and Lactobacillus in the jejunum, Clostridium in the ileum, and Lactobacillus in the cecum, as well as the increased amount of total eubacteria in the ileum and Enterococcus in the cecum induced by the ETEC K88 infection. In conclusion, ZnO administration can reduce the diarrhea of piglets infected with ETEC K88 by reducing the structural damage of the intestine, attenuating intestinal oxidative stress and epithelial cell apoptosis, and modulating the gut microbiota.
Paeoniflorin Inhibits Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Replication by Inhibiting Autophagy and Targeting AKT/mTOR Signaling
Authors: Wu Zhengchang , Yu Luchen , Hu Yueqing , Bao Wenbin , Wu Shenglong
Published: February 2025

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an important pathogen that leads to great economic losses to the swine industry. Paeoniflorin (PF), a novel plant extract, has been reported to have antiviral properties. However, the role of paeoniflorin in regulating PCV2 replication remains unclear. Here, we used the CCK8 assay to demonstrate that PF within safe concentrations (0–275 mM) significantly inhibits PCV2 replication in a dose-dependent manner in porcine kidney cells. Subsequently, comparative transcriptome and functional verification revealed that PF probably inherits PCV2 replication via targeting AKT/mTOR signaling. Further experimental data show that the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is highly relevant to autophagy. Thus, experimental data from Western blot, qPCR, and the indirect immunofluorescence test indicate that PF inhibits PCV2 replication by inhibiting autophagy by targeting the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Together, our results provide insight into the mechanism of paeoniflorin in regulating PCV2 replication and offer new ideas for the treatment of PCV2 infection in pigs.
Pharmacokinetics of Tylvalosin Following Intravenous or Oral Administration at Different Doses in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Wen Zeyu , Chen Sumeng , Meng Jinyan , Wu Qinyao , Yu Runlin , Xu Nuoyu , Kong Jingyuan , Zhang Lu , Cao Xingyuan
Published: February 2025

Tylvalosin is a macrolide antimicrobial with antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, some Gram-negative organisms, and mycoplasma. It is used to treat respiratory and enteric bacterial infections in swine and poultry. In this study, we aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic changes in tylvalosin following its intravenous or oral administration at doses of 5, 10, and 25 mg/kg in broiler chickens. Forty-eight broiler chickens were included in the study. The plasma concentrations of tylvalosin were measured by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), and its pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated by using both non-compartmental and compartmental analyses. The linear mixed-effects model revealed no dose proportionality within the 5–25 mg/kg range for either administration route. Based on pharmacokinetic data from a single oral dose, this study simulated a multiple-dose regimen of tylvalosin (25 mg/kg), demonstrating that a 6-hour dosing interval reaches a steady state after the fourth dose. Furthermore, the results show that the absolute bioavailability of tylvalosin after oral administration in chickens was relatively low, with values of 5.92%, 3.56%, and 3.04% for the doses of 5, 10, and 25 mg/kg, respectively. Further studies are required to significantly improve the oral bioavailability of tylvalosin and similar compounds through formulation optimization.
Individual Genomic Loci, Transcript Level and Serum Profile of Immune, Antioxidant and Hormonal Markers Associated with Sheep Arthritis
Authors: Darwish Asmaa , Ateya Ahmed , Alghamdi Mansour A. , El-Sayed Ahmed
Published: February 2025

Arthritis is a leading cause of economic loss in livestock farming including sheep. This study examined the changes in gene expression, antioxidants, pro-inflammatory cytokines, acute-phase proteins (APPs), hormonal assays and iron profiles linked to sheep arthritis, as well as the diagnostic utility of these markers. Blood samples were obtained from 30 apparently healthy rams and 30 rams with arthritis for gene expression and biochemical analyses. Gene expression intensities were much higher in the arthritis-affected rams than in the healthy ones for the genes IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNFα, NCF4, NFKB, TMED, FCAMR, iNOS and COX18. The SOD3, CAT, GPX and ATOX1 genes were expressed at substantially lower levels in arthritis-affected rams. Disparities in the nucleotide sequence variants for the amplified DNA bases linked to arthritis for the studied genes were found in the PCR-DNA sequence verdicts of the affected and healthy rams. Immunological, acute-phase protein (APP), antioxidant, hormonal and iron profiles were estimated in both groups and statistically analyzed. The arthritic group in relation to the healthy one showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, APPs, free radicals, immunoglobulins, cortisol, GH, TSH, ferritin, TIBC and UIBC and a significant (p ˂ 0.05) decrease in anti-inflammatory cytokines, antioxidants, complements, insulin, T3, T4, SI, and Tf and Tf sat.% serum levels. The estimated pro-inflammatory cytokines and APPs achieved high values of sensitivity and specificity, positive predictive values (PPVs), negative predictive values (NPVs), a high accuracy rate and a moderate likelihood ratio (LR). The study concluded that ovine arthritis stimulates innate and humeral immunity, resulting in prominent alterations in gene expression, pro-inflammatory cytokines, APP assays and antioxidant profiles, which could be valuable indicators of sheep arthritis.
VR-Based Teacher Training Environments: A Systematic Approach for Defining the Optimum Appearance of Virtual Classroom Environments
Authors: Stavroulia Kalliopi Evangelia , Baka Evangelia , Lanitis Andreas
Published: February 2025

Virtual Reality (VR) technology has the potential to provide end-user teachers with highly engaging and immersive experiences that reflect real-life classroom challenges and, at the same time, offer a safe space for hands-on practice and experimentation, allowing mistakes without potential consequences to the class or the fear of affecting actual students. The appearance of the virtual environment is a significant component of user experience, and a carefully designed virtual environment customized to meet the needs of end-users can considerably enhance their experience. This paper aims to reflect on the co-design journey of a VR-based teacher training solution designed by teachers, for teachers. Teachers were actively engaged as co-designers throughout all phases of design—conceptualization, development, testing, and iteration—to ensure that the final VR training tool is aligned with their actual needs and preferences, maximizing the added value and acceptance of the virtual solution. The paper presents findings from a series of user engagement activities, highlighting the diverse perspectives of teachers and the design insights gained from their involvement. Teachers who spend a significant amount of time in classrooms may benefit more from an imaginative space rather than a standard classroom environment. The findings indicate that imaginary virtual classroom settings generate high levels of presence, indicating that users may look for experiences that break from the ordinary.
Large Bias in Matching Small Horizontal and Vertical Extents Separated in Depth in the Real World Is Similar for Upright and Supine Observers
Authors: Durgin Frank H. , Kwok Chung Sze , Becker Katelyn M. , Phyu Ya Min
Published: February 2025

The apparent sizes of horizontal and vertical lines show an anisotropy known as the horizontal vertical illusion (HVI) wherein vertical lines appear to be longer than their horizontal counterparts. Whereas a typical HVI comparing vertical and horizontal lines in a plane produces a 5–10% illusion, a much larger-scale illusion (15–25%) is often found for large objects in the real world, and this has been related to differential angular exaggerations in perceived elevation (vertical) and azimuthal (horizontal) direction. Recently supine observers in virtual environments were found to show larger exaggerations in perceived azimuth than upright observers. Here, 48 participants were tested in both supine and upright postures in an outdoor environment while matching fairly small physical extents in the real world. They adjusted the magnitude of the horizontal extent to perceptually match fairly small vertical poles (0.7–1.3 m tall) that were either presented at the same viewing distance as the matching extent or in a different depth plane, so that size at a distance had to be compared. Supine observers viewed the scene, as though upright, through a large mirror mounted overhead at 45° that was adjusted to approximate their normal eye height. When the matcher extent was at a different distance than the pole, horizontal extent matches typically exceeded the actual pole height by about 15% or more, whether the viewer was upright or supine. The average overestimation was only about 10% when the matching extent was at the same distance. Despite the similarity in performance across different postures for spatial matching, supine observers gave much higher explicit estimates of azimuthal direction than upright observers. However, although the observation of exaggeration in perceived azimuth for supine observers was replicated in a second study with 24 additional participants using a mirror with a smaller (more normal) aspect ratio, the magnitude of the exaggeration seemed to be greatly reduced when the field of view of the apparatus had a more typical aspect ratio. This suggests that the unusually large exaggeration of azimuth found in a previous report with supine observers may have been caused by the unusually large aspect ratio of the viewing apparatus used.
Comprehensive Assessment of the Jebel Zaghouan Karst Aquifer (Northeastern Tunisia): Availability, Quality, and Vulnerability, in the Context of Overexploitation and Global Change
Authors: Gargouri-Ellouze Emna , Slama Fairouz , Kriaa Samiha , Benhmid Ali , Taupin Jean-Denis , Bouhlila Rachida
Published: February 2025

Karst aquifers in the Mediterranean region are crucial for water supply and agriculture but are increasingly threatened by climate change and overexploitation. The Jebel Zaghouan aquifer, historically significant for supplying Carthage and Tunis, serves as the focus of this study, which aims to evaluate its availability, quality, and vulnerability to ensure its long-term sustainability. To achieve this, various methods were employed, including APLIS and COP for recharge assessment and vulnerability mapping, SPEI and SGI drought indices, and stable and radioactive isotope analysis. The findings revealed severe groundwater depletion, primarily caused by overexploitation linked to urban expansion. Minimal recharge was observed, even during wet periods. APLIS analysis indicated moderate infiltration rates, consistent with prior reservoir models and the MEDKAM map. Isotopic analysis highlighted recharge from the Atlantic and mixed rainfall, while Tritium and Carbon-14 dating showed a mix of ancient and recent water, emphasizing the aquifer’s complex hydrodynamics. COP mapping classified 80% of the area as moderately vulnerable. Monitoring of nitrate levels indicated fluctuations, with peaks during wet years at Sidi Medien Spring, necessitating control measures to safeguard water quality amid agricultural activities. This study provides valuable insights into the aquifer’s dynamics, guiding sustainable management and preservation efforts.
A Brief Overview of Modeling Estimation of State of Health for an Electric Vehicle’s Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Bayoumi Ehab H. E. , De Santis Michele , Awad Hilmy
Published: February 2025

The current literature highlights several state-of-health (SOH) prediction models for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries used in electric vehicles (EVs). However, a thorough comparative analysis remains absent. This study addresses this gap by conducting a comprehensive evaluation of SOH prediction methods for Li-ion batteries in EV applications, encompassing direct measurement techniques, physics-based approaches, and data-driven methodologies. The analysis identifies the strengths, limitations, and applicability of each modeling method. Additionally, this study explores key indicators of SOH, influential variables affecting battery health, and publicly available datasets that support SOH modeling. By synthesizing these insights, the research provides recommendations for improving existing models and outlines prospective directions for enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of SOH estimation in EV applications. This work aims to contribute to the development of robust, accurate, and practical SOH models, thereby advancing the reliability and sustainability of Li-ion battery systems in the growing EV industry.
The Role and Contribution of Sustainable Development Goals as a Transformative Framework in Higher Education: A Case Study of the University of Split
Authors: Škokić Vlatka , Jelić Petra , Jerković Igor
Published: February 2025

This study examines the role and contribution of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a transformative framework in higher education (HE), focusing on the University of Split (UOS), Croatia. By applying a qualitative longitudinal methodology, it examines how UOS has engaged with the SDG agenda while overcoming the challenges of institutional disintegration, resource scarcity, and cultural change. Data from strategy documents, action plans, and interviews with university leaders reveal a significant evolution in UOS’s strategic alignment with the SDGs, from initial compliance to a more integrated and systemic approach. This study applies Steele and Rickards’ framework of institutional engagement and innovation culture and positions the UOS journey as a pathway to a transformative scenario. The findings highlight key drivers such as strategic planning and policymaking, as well as barriers such as fragmented governance and cultural resistance that shape the UOS journey. This research contributes to the understanding of SDG implementation at universities in former transition countries and provides insights into the use of the SDG framework to drive systemic change in higher education.
Tools for managing customer orientation in hotel services
Authors:   Graduate School of Management, Russian University of Peoples Friendship named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Vorontsova A. S.
Published: February 2025

The competitiveness benchmarking approach is currently one of the most relevant methods
used to assess the level of a company’s competitiveness. The advantage of this approach is that
benchmarking can be used to determine goals that correspond to the areas of improvement of the most
effective competing companies. The article analyzes the experience of using benchmarking and shows its
effectiveness.
Work-related lesions of the cardiovascular system: issues of causation and examination of occupational aptitude
Authors:   FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Samara, Babanov S. A. , Lavrentieva N. E. ,   FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Samara, Vostroknutova M. Yu. ,   SBHI SR Samara City Hospital No. 5, Samara, Vasina I. N. ,   SBHI SR Samara City Hospital No. 5, Samara, Vasyukov P. A. ,   SBHI SR Samara City Hospital No. 5, Samara, Konovalyuk А. S. ,   FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Samara, Artemieva M. S. ,   FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Samara, Babanov A. S. ,   Private Institution Educational Organization of Higher Education "Medical University Reaviz", Samara
Published: February 2025

Currently, in the EU countries, the USA, and Canada, as well as in Russia, the most
significant demographic losses are associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The authors
examined the causes of occupational CVDs and made proposals for the development
and implementation of measures in order to prevent them.
Efficiency of using the enzyme drug Feedbest P5000 GT in rearing of young pigs
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Chuvash State Agrarian University, Russia, Chuvash Republic, Cheboksary, Lavrentiev A. Yu. , Mikhaylova L. R. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Chuvash State Agrarian University, Russia, Chuvash Republic, Cheboksary, Kostomakhin N. M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Russia, Moscow
Published: February 2025

In Russia, there is a need and opportunity to further increase pig meat production not only
through the use of selection and genetic factors, but also through improving animal rearing by increasing
the composition and quality of diets, using various feed additives and biologically active substances, including enzyme drugs. The purpose of the research was to study the effi ciency of using the enzyme
drug Feedbest P5000 GT in rearing of young pigs. Experimental studies were carried out at Volit LLC in the
Krasnoarmeysky Municipal District of the Chuvashia Republic, on young pigs of Large White breed during
rearing and fattening aged 60 to 210 days. It was found that the use of the enzyme drug Feedbest P5000
GT in feeding of pigs contributed to improved feed conversion and a decreased in the age at which they
reached a live weight of 100 kg. During the experimental period, the animals of the experimental groups
signifi cantly exceeded the control group in muscle tissue yield (p ≤ 0.05–0.01). The highest muscle tissue
index was found in the 2nd experimental group, where it was higher than in the control group by
5.16 abs.%, in the 1st group by 1.91 abs.% and in the 3rd group by 0.95 abs.%. The use of the new generation
enzyme drug Feedbest P5000 GT increases the economic effi ciency of pork production. The best
results were obtained by introducing this additive into the compound feed of young pigs in the amount of
90 g per 1 ton of compound feed.
Protein concentrate Agro-Matik in feeding of sheep
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Volgograd State Agrarian University, Russia, Volgograd, Soshkin Yu. V. , Nikolaev S. I. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Volgograd State Agrarian University, Russia, Volgograd
Published: February 2025

Sheep breeding is one of the universal and most promising industries in animal husbandry.
Under the conditions of the modern feed market, the protein concentrate Agro-Matik based on lupine
grain of domestic production is a unique product, both in its properties and in price, and also has a high
level of absorption in the body of farm animals. The purpose of the work was to study the protein concentrate Agro-Matik in feeding of sheep when rearing them for meat. It was found that the introduction of the protein concentrate Agro-Matik into the ration of young rams contributed to an increase in the digestibility of nutrients and improved the use of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus. Signifi cantly increased humoral immunity in young rams of the 1st experimental group, which did intake protein concentrate and milk of ewes, whose ration also included the concentrate Agro-Matik. Feeding the protein concentrate
Agro-Matik in the rations of young rams up to 4 months of age contributed to the formation of meat-type
animals. It is most effective to use the concentrate not only in the rations of young rams, but also in their lactating ewes. The introduction of the concentrate Agro-Matik into the ration of young rams increased their bioconversion of protein and feed energy into products. It was recommended according to the research
results that in sheep farms in order to increase the meat productivity of young rams and improve
the quality of lamb, it is necessary to introduce the protein concentrate Agro-Matik into their rations at a rate of 20 % of the mass of the compound feed, which will increase the average daily live weight gain by 8.91–21.70 % and the level of profi tability by 9.47–17.74 abs.%.
Formation of integrated reporting by construction companies based on management accounting data: main trends and problems
Authors: Shulekin A. N. , Fadeikina N. V.
Published: February 2025

In modern conditions, the basis for the sustainable development of socio-economic systems is determined jointly by the state, business and society. The vectors of social development are determined by understanding the need for social responsibility of companies and taking into account their environmental impact on the environment. These aspects are reflected in the integrated reporting of companies, formed on the basis of fundamental concepts, on the basis of which fundamental principles and methodological tools have been developed that allow integrating various business processes and developing strategic approaches, which ultimately contributes to the growth of the value of companies. To prepare integrated reporting, it is necessary to develop an accounting and analytical system in general and management accounting in particular. In this article, the author substantiates the relevance of integrated reporting by construction companies, describes the Russian practice of integrated reporting by organizations of various industries, analyzes the content of integrated reporting by construction companies, defines the role of management accounting as an information base for integrated reporting by organizations in this industry, and also formulates the main problems of integrated reporting at the current stage of society development.
Resource base for industrial development groups of companies
Authors: Penziev A. S. , Fridrikh M. M.
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the structural presentation of the resource base for the industrial development of a group of companies, the purpose of which is to combine profits as a result of the implementation of a closed cycle in agribusiness (crop farming, feed milling, livestock farming, fertilizer production). Sustainable development of vertically integrated production, in which various businesses are involved, can be ensured through resources, the integrated use of which preserves their potential and allows scaling the final product.
The use of internet marketing tools and other marketing technologies in order to form the company's image and improve its management efficiency
Authors: Pilova F. I. , Fadeikin G. A.
Published: February 2025

The article reveals the essence of the methods of forming the company's image, which can be effectively used by it to form its image in the minds of consumers. The necessity of using a set of Internet marketing tools in the formation of the company's image, which is something other than a profit-making structure, is substantiated. The main areas of marketing such as content marketing, traffic management, working with public opinion, strategic planning in marketing, analytical work, marketing for customers, and website usability are considered.
Social networks as a tool of modern marketing technologies
Authors: Thamokova S. M.
Published: February 2025

Modern business society is increasingly focused on using social media to promote its brand and attract new customers.

Any social network is a social structure consisting of a multitude of agents (individual and collective) and relationships between them, which in any country are regulated by relevant regulatory legal acts. The article provides a brief description of the legal support for the functioning of social networks in Russia.

The author pays special attention to such popular social networks as VKontakte, Telegram and Odnoklassniki: the factors contributing to their development are analyzed, and the structure of their target audience is assessed.

The issues of possible protection of users of social networks (from malicious and unwanted information) carried out using artificial neural networks (ANN) are considered, the main ways of using ANN in marketing are given, a brief description of possible options for using ANN in product marketing and in assessing the state of social networks is given.

The essence of the strategy for promoting goods or services on social networks is defined and the types of strategies are highlighted, as well as the characteristics of the multi-stage process of creating a content marketing strategy.