bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attribute-assisted characterization of basement faulting and the associated sedimentary sequence deformation in north-central Oklahoma
Authors: Firkins Max , Kolawole Folarin , Marfurt Kurt J. , Carpenter Brett M.
Published: August 2020

Patterns of recent seismogenic fault reactivation in the granitic basement of north-central Oklahoma necessitate an understanding of the structural characteristics of the inherited basement-rooted faults. Here, we focus on the Nemaha Uplift & Fault Zone (NFZ) and the surrounding areas, within which we analyze the top-basement and intrabasement structures in eight poststack time-migrated 3D seismic reflection data sets. Overall, our results reveal 115 fault traces at the top of the Precambrian basement with sub-vertical dips, and dominant trends of west-northwest–east-southeast, northeast–southwest, and north–south. We observe that proximal to the NFZ, faults dominantly strike north–south, are fewer (<10), and have the lowest areal density and intensity, while displaying the largest maximum vertical separation. However, farther away (>30 km) from the NFZ, faults exhibit predominantly northeast–southwest trends, fault areal density and intensity increases, and maximum vertical separation decreases steadily. Of the analyzed faults, approximately 49% are confined to the basement (intrabasement), ~28% terminate within the Arbuckle Group, and approximately 23% transect units above the Arbuckle Group. These observations suggest that (1) proximal to the NFZ, deformation is dominantly accommodated along a few but longer fault segments, most of the mapped faults cut into the sedimentary rocks, and most of the through-going faults propagate farther up-section above the Arbuckle Group; and (2) with distance away from the NFZ, deformation is diffuse and distributed across relatively shorter fault segments, and most basement faults do not extend into the sedimentary cover. The existence of through-going faults suggests the potential for spatially pervasive fluid movement along faults. Further, observations reveal pervasive, subhorizontal intrabasement reflectors (igneous sills) that terminate at the basement-sediment interface. Results have direct implications for wastewater injection and seismicity in north-central Oklahoma and southern Kansas. Additionally, they provide insight into the characteristics of basement-rooted structures around the NFZ region and suggest a means by which to characterize basement structures where seismic data are available.
Between Consequential Memory and Destruction: Karl Jaspers, Jean Améry, and the Intellectual History of Postwar West Germany
Authors: Engel Amir
Published: August 2020

This article reconstructs two “modes of memory” in postwar West Germany and explores an underappreciated historical trajectory. These two modes offer radically different ideas about why Germany should remember its past. In the immediate aftermath of the war, Karl Jaspers called on Germany’s citizens to remember the atrocities of the Nazi past so they could open a new chapter in the nation’s history. Twenty years later, at the zenith of the economic miracle, Jean Améry made a similar demand. His, however, was not a constructive call for responsibility and improvement, like Jaspers’s call, but one of anger and resentment. Juxtaposing these two calls for memory shows that, against every intuition, the immediate postwar period, defined by unprecedented human loss and physical devastation, was also a moment of energy and hope, while the height of the Wirtschaftswunder (economic miracle) was also one of melancholy and discontent.
Otto Kirchheimer and the Frankfurt School: Failed Collaborations in the Search for a Critical Theory of Politics
Authors: Buchstein Hubertus
Published: August 2020

This article describes debates among members of the Frankfurt School during their years in exile in the United States about the status of political institutions within their analytic frameworks. The cited unpublished material in this article sheds new light on the complicated relationship between Otto Kirchheimer and the core of the Frankfurt School group on this issue. Kirchheimer’s biographical episode with the group exemplifies both the failure of interdisciplinary collaboration at the Institute of Social Research and the inability of its members to develop a joint theoretical perspective on political phenomena. In the context of the Frankfurt School, Kirchheimer’s works present a countermodel to the interpretation of modern mass democracy as an integrative regime of instrumental reason. He refused to accept such a global interpretation. In his work at the Institute of Social Research he accentuated the unequal power recourses of conflicting social groups and different institutional mechanisms to deal with these conflicts politically. This approach made his work interesting for authors of a later generation of Critical Theory like Jürgen Habermas and Claus Offe.
Journeys to the West: Travelogues and Discursive Power in the Making of the Mongol Empire
Authors: Hui Ming Tak Ted
Published: August 2020

Before the Mongol conquest in 1279, numerous envoys were sent from the Southern Song court to its neighboring states. Their purpose was to evaluate and tame foreign territories and alien peoples and thereby reduce their threat to Song culture, and the travelogues resulting from these journeys were often “utilitarian” in style. The Record of the Perfected Master Changchun's Journey to the West (Changchun zhenren xiyou ji 長春真人西遊記), however, deserves special attention for its nuanced handling of a complex cultural-political power dynamics. Its compiler, Li Zhichang, was a leader in the Quanzhen sect, and his travelogue documents the journey of his master, Qiu Chuji, at the invitation of Chinggis (Genghis) Khan. Li's text illustrates the tension of competing political and cultural authorities: while the Mongols were becoming the source of political authority, the Taoists still owned the discursive power. The author argues that Li deliberately adopted a narrative strategy that conceded the Mongol claim to political legitimacy while simultaneously asserting Taoism's cultural dominance over the Mongols. The article also juxtaposes Li's work with the travel record by Yelü Chucai, a Khitan adviser to the Mongols who traveled with Chinggis Khan during his western military expeditions. Although Yelü's travelogue is often read as a rebuttal to Li Zhichang's work, a closer look reveals how Yelü appropriated Li's strategy for his own agenda: to justify Mongols' invasion of Central Asia while highlighting the cultural values shared between the Mongols and the Han Chinese. Both works employ rhetorical strategies that laid the foundation for political discourse affirming the Mongol-Yuan dynastic legitimacy.
Rethinking “Subjectivity” in Literature
Authors: Qiao Min
Published: August 2020

This article delves into Liu Zaifu's theoretical construction of subjectivity and his reflections on the dominant paradigm of revolution and enlightenment in twentieth-century China. Realizing the incompleteness and insufficiency of his contemplation on individual subjectivity, Liu shifted his scholarly interests to the composition of and dialogues between multiple subjectivities and examined the complex relationship between subjects and objects, self and others, as well as the individual's psychological relationship with the self. By reframing Liu's theories on subjectivity, this article argues that he seeks to further detach literature from politics by calling for various transcendental dimensions of Chinese literary works beyond the realistic one and by paying intense attention to the literary descriptions of people's sin of complicity and their inner struggle. Liu's evocation of heart and mind formulates a new concept of interiority via connecting the Chinese traditional concept of xin with the Western concept of inner subjectivity. In this way, Liu weaves a unique discourse of interiority into Chinese literary criticism, as a complement to and critique of the enclosed narrative vision of revolution and enlightenment in modern China.
Delta-like ligand-4 mediated Notch signaling controls proliferation of second heart field progenitor cells by regulating Fgf8 expression
Authors: De Zoysa Prashan , Liu Jiang , Toubat Omar , Choi Jongkyu , Moon Anne , Gill Parkash S. , Duarte Antonio , Sucov Henry M. , Kumar S. Ram
Published: August 2020

The role played by Notch pathway in cardiac progenitor cell biology remains to be elucidated. Delta-like ligand-4 (Dll4), the arterial-specific Notch ligand, is expressed by second heart field (SHF) progenitors at time-points crucial in SHF biology. Dll4-mediated Notch signaling is critically required for maintaining an adequate pool of SHF progenitors, such that Dll4 knockout results in reduction in proliferation and increase in apoptosis. Reduced SHF progenitor pool leads to an underdeveloped right ventricle (RV) and outflow tract (OFT). In its most severe form, there is severe RV hypoplasia and poorly developed OFT resulting in early embryonic lethality. In milder form, the OFT is foreshortened and misaligned resulting in double outlet right ventricle. Dll4-mediated Notch signaling maintains Fgf8 expression by transcriptional regulation at the promoter level. Combined heterozygous knockout of Dll4 and Fgf8 demonstrates genetic synergy in OFT alignment. Exogenous supplemental Fgf8 rescues proliferation in Dll4 mutants in ex-vivo culture. Our results establish a novel role for Dll4-mediated Notch signaling in SHF biology. More broadly, our model provides a platform for understanding oligogenic inheritance that results in clinically relevant OFT malformations.
Ecologically relevant thermal fluctuations enhance offspring fitness: biological and methodological implications for studies of thermal developmental plasticity
Authors: Hall Joshua M. , Warner Daniel A.
Published: August 2020

Natural thermal environments are notably complex and challenging to mimic in controlled studies. Consequently, our understanding of the ecological relevance and underlying mechanisms of organismal responses to thermal environments is often limited. For example, studies of thermal developmental plasticity have provided key insights into the ecological consequences of temperature variation, but most laboratory studies use treatments that do not reflect natural thermal regimes. While controlling other important factors, we compared the effects of naturally fluctuating temperatures to commonly used laboratory regimes on development of lizard embryos and offspring phenotypes and survival. We incubated eggs in 4 treatments – 3 that followed procedures commonly used in the literature, and one that precisely mimicked naturally fluctuating nest temperatures. To explore context-dependent effects, we replicated these treatments across two seasonal regimes: relatively cool temperatures from nests constructed early in the season and warm temperatures from late-season nests. We show that natural thermal fluctuations have a relatively small effect on developmental variables but enhance hatchling performance and survival at cooler temperatures. Thus, natural thermal fluctuations are important for successful development and simpler approximations (e.g. repeated sine waves, constant temperatures) may poorly reflect natural systems under some conditions. Thus, the benefits of precisely replicating real-world temperatures in controlled studies may outweigh logistical costs. Although patterns might vary according to study system and research goals, our methodological approach demonstrates the importance of incorporating natural variation into controlled studies and provides biologists interested in thermal ecology with a framework for validating the effectiveness of commonly used methods.
Efficacy of mitomycin-C on anterior urethral stricture after internal urethrotomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Irdam Gampo Alam , Wahyudi Irfan , Andy Andy
Published: August 2020

Background and Aim

Mitomycin-C is a potent agent that plays an important role in tissue healing and scar formation. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of Mitomycin-C in treating anterior urethral stricture after internal urethrotomy.

Methods

Studies evaluating efficacy of mitomycin-c for anterior urethral stricture post urethrotomy were searched using Pubmed, Scopus, Sciencedirect, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Reviews as directory databases. The search was done in March 15th 2020. Terms being used in the searching process were “mitomycin-c” or “mitomycin”, “urethral stricture”, “urethral stenosis”, “internal urethrotomy”, “optical urethrotomy” and its synonyms. Every study with the design of retrospective or prospective clinical study being done in human subject was included. Study appraisal conducted in accordance to Oxford University Center for Evidence-Based Medicine. The conclusion of each study was summarized and the calculation of random effects from every study was conducted in meta-analysis. Random effects model is chosen because small number of studies and quite different.

Results

Three studies involving 311patients were included in this review, all of them reported less recurrence of in patients treated with mitomycin-c post urethrotomy (p<0.001). Risk ratio of all studies was 0.41 with 95% confidence interval (0.25-0.68).  

Conclusion

Mitomycin-C has the potential of efficacy in treating anterior urethral stricture post internal urethrotomy. Relatively few numbers of studies may impact in the strength of this review and further studies need to be done.
Fast, easy and early (larval) identification of transparent mutant zebrafish using standard fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Wenz Ralf , Conibear Emily , Bugeon Laurence , Dallman Maggie
Published: August 2020

The availability of transparent zebrafish mutants (eitherTraNac:trab6/b6; nacw2/w2orcasper: roya9/a9; nacw2/w2) for live imaging studies together with the ease of generating transgenic lines are two of the strengths of the zebrafish model organism. The fact that transparentcasper(roya9/a9;nacw2/w2)and silvernacre(nacw2/w2)mutants are indistinguishable by eye at early stages (1-5 days post-fertilization; dpf) means many fish must be raised and later culled if they are not transparent. To identify translucent mutants early and easily at the early larval stage (≤5 dpf) before they are classified as protected animals, we developed a simple screening method using standard fluorescence microscopy. We estimate that this procedure could annually save 60,000 animals worldwide.
Formation of Cognitive Search Universal Educational Actions by Younger Schoolchildren
Authors: L'vova A.
Published: August 2020

The article reveals methodological approaches to the formation of cognitive search universal educational actions by younger schoolchildren, which are actively used when working with information in the course of studying various subjects of primary school. Examples of assignments for fourth-grade students in mathematics are given, the purpose of which is to analyze the information presented in graphical form. The results of the activity of fourth-graders are characterized, the difficulties that arise in them in the process of completing tasks are assessed.
Investigation of the Performance of Different Cleaning Devices in Maize Grain Harvesters Based on Field Tests
Authors: Wang Lijun , Yu Yongtao , Ma Yang , Feng Xin , Liu Tianhua
Published: August 2020

Highlights

The effects of different factors on the performance of cleaning devices are investigated.

The loss percentage is negatively correlated to the moisture content of maize grain.

The cleaning performance is affected by the plant spacing and the ear mass of maize.

The long-toothed scale screen has the best performance in throwing impurities.

Abstract. The direct harvest of maize grain achieves high working efficiencies and low harvest costs; thus, direct harvest will become increasingly common for harvesting maize in the future. To investigate the loss percentage of maize grain (LPOMG) and the impurity percentage of maize grain (IPOMG) for harvesting in the northeast reclamation area in China, field tests were completed with various moisture contents of maize grain (MCOMGs), maize varieties, types of cleaning screens, and travel speeds of the harvesters. The results showed that the LPOMG of Xianda 205 maize with an MCOMG of 30.49% was the lowest at 0.37% and the IPOMG of Xianda 205 maize with an MCOMG of 22.62% was the lowest at 0.14% when the maize mixture was cleaned with the common scale screen in the S660 harvester. The LPOMG of Hayu 189 maize was the lowest at 0.19% when using the S660 harvester at a travel speed of 1.0 m s-1, and the IPOMG of Xianda 205 maize was the lowest at 0.28% when using the S660 harvester at a travel speed of 2.0 m s-1; the different varieties of maize mixtures were cleaned with the common scale screen. The LPOMG of Xianda 205 maize cleaned with the stepped woven screen was the lowest at 0.25% when using the GK100 harvester at a travel speed of 1.0 m s-1, and the IPOMG of Xianda 205 maize cleaned with the long-toothed scale screen was the lowest at 0.10% when using the 7088 harvester at a travel speed of 2.0 m s-1. This study provides a reference for selecting a suitable maize variety, type of screen, and the earliest harvest time for direct harvesting of maize grain. Keywords: Cleaning, Field test, Harvesting maize, Impurity, Loss.
Shedding Frequency and Motion of Jujube Fruits in Various Excitation Modes
Authors: Zhou Jie , Xu Linyun , Xuan Yan , Xu Yahui , Liu Guanhua
Published: August 2020

Highlights

The motion responses of fruits varied greatly in different excitation modes.

The excitation modes included horizontal, vertical, and rotational.

The shedding frequency of fruits was closely related to their motion response.

The optimal excitation mode for Jun jujube is vertical excitation.

Abstract. To study the shedding frequency and motion response of Chinese Jun jujube fruits with different excitation modes, a vibration device with three excitation modes (horizontal, vertical, and rotational) was designed. The mature fruits were categorized according to their degree of dryness (fresh, half-dried, and dried). The basic physical parameters (volume, density, pedical-fruit retention force, etc.), shedding frequency, and motion response of the fruits were measured. With horizontal excitation, the response of the fruits was mainly pendulum motion, which increased as the excitation amplitude increased, while the shedding frequency of the fruits correspondingly decreased. However, with vertical excitation, the response of the fruits was mainly a compound motion comprising pendulum and beam-column motions. As the excitation amplitude increased from 5 to 10 mm, the shedding frequency of the fruits decreased dramatically, but further decrease in the shedding frequency was negligible as the excitation amplitude increased to 15 mm. With rotational excitation, the fruits exhibited centrifugal rotation in an approximately horizontal plane, and the amplitude and frequency necessary to achieve dynamic separation were small. It was concluded that the optimal excitation mode for Jun jujube is vertical excitation with an amplitude of 10 mm and frequency between 6 and 10 Hz. Keywords: Excitation modes, Jujube, Motion gesture, Shedding frequency.
Increasing Single-Pass Corn Stover Yield by Combine Header Modifications
Authors: Walters Chase P. , Dietsche Scott C. , Keene Joseph R. , Friede Joshua C. , Shinners Kevin J.
Published: August 2020

Highlights

Rotary knives were added to an ear-snapper header to increase corn stover yield in a single-pass biomass system.

Stover yield increased with the number of knives but at the expense of combine productivity and fuel consumption.

Bale moisture was often greater than would be considered appropriate for good aerobic conservation.

Abstract.Modifications were made to a conventional ear-snapper corn header to increase corn stover yield when a single-pass round baling system was integrated with a combine harvester. To collect more leaves and top portions of stalks, knives oriented parallel to the deck plates were added to shear crop material above the ear-snapper rolls. Stover yield was primarily altered by the number of knives on the header; and to a lesser extent by the fore-and-aft position of the knives and the header height. The number of knives on a 12-row header was varied from two to six in increments of two. Stover yield increased linearly with the number of knives, and dry basis stover yield ranged from 1.1 Mg ha-1 (no knives) to 3.6 Mg ha-1 (six knives) over the five years of data collected (2012 to 2016). Combine productivity decreased linearly and specific fuel consumption increased linearly with greater stover yield. Combine productivity declined by as much as 50% when six knives were used. Dry basis bale density decreased linearly with the number of knives because the dense cobs became a smaller fraction of the total bale mass. In three of the five years, bale moisture increased linearly with the number of knives; in those three years, bale moisture was typically greater than 30% (wet basis). Adding knives to the header increased single-pass stover yield but at considerable cost to combine harvester productivity, and aerobic bale conservation would be challenged by high bale moisture. Keywords: Baling, Combine, Corn, Density, Moisture, Productivity, Stover, Yield.
Optical characterization of the on-target OMEGA focal spot at high energy using the full-beam in-tank diagnostic
Authors: Bauer K. A. , Heimbueger M. , Kwiatkowski J. , Sampat S. , Waxer L. J. , Cost E. C. , Kelly J. H. , Kobilansky V. , Morse S. F. B. , Nelson D. , Weiner D. , Weselak G. , Zou J.
Published: August 2020

The full-beam in-tank (FBIT) diagnostic has been deployed to directly measure the target-plane beam fluence profile, when operated at high energy, of the OMEGA Laser System at the University of Rochester’s Laboratory for Laser Energetics. This paper presents the results of early measurements taken with this diagnostic and discusses an improvement that has overcome performance limitations discovered during the initial testing. The diagnostic gives new insight into the ability of the OMEGA Laser System to provide uniform fluence profiles that are consistent across all 60 beams in the laser. The ultimate goal of the FBIT diagnostic is to allow accurate assessment of the fluence uniformity on a spherical target in 60-beam implosion experiments.
Experimental study on compression of 216-W laser pulses below 2  ps at
1030  nm with chirped volume Bragg grating
Authors: Štěpánková Denisa , Mužík Jiří , Novák Ondřej , Roškot Lukáš , Smirnov Vadim , Glebov Leonid , Jelínek Michal , Smrž Martin , Lucianetti Antonio , Mocek Tomáš
Published: August 2020

We report on the characterization of a high-power, chirped volume Bragg
grating (CVBG) pulse compressor. It includes measurements of the
CVBG’s diffraction efficiency, beam profile, beam quality (

M

2

parameter), pulse spectrum, the
CVBG’s temperature, and the thermal lens. These parameters were
monitored for a wide range of input laser powers and with different
clamping forces applied on the CVBG. This analysis was performed with
a CPA-based Yb:YAG thin-disk laser system operating at a wavelength of
1030 nm, a 92 kHz repetition rate, 2 ps pulse duration, and an average
output power after compression of 216 W (270 W uncompressed), which
is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest value reported to date
using this pulse compression technique.
Performance study of a high-power single-frequency fiber amplifier
architecture for gravitational wave detectors
Authors: Wellmann Felix , Steinke Michael , Wessels Peter , Bode Nina , Meylahn Fabian , Willke Benno , Overmeyer Ludger , Neumann Jörg , Kracht Dietmar
Published: August 2020

The next generation of interferometric gravitational wave detectors
will use low-noise single-frequency laser sources at 1064 nm. Fiber
amplifiers are a promising design option because of high efficiency,
compact design, and superior optical beam properties compared to the
current generation of laser sources for gravitational wave detectors.
We developed a reliable 200 W single-frequency fiber amplifier
architecture to meet the application requirements regarding relative
power noise, relative pointing noise, frequency noise, linear
polarization, and beam quality. We characterized several of these
amplifiers and discuss performance variations resulting from
manufacturing tolerances and variations in amplifier architecture.
This study serves as a baseline for further power scaling via
e.g., coherent beam combining experiments.
Quantum speed limit time, non-Markovianity, and quantum phase transition of the Dicke model
Authors: Musadiq Muhammad , Khan Salman
Published: August 2020

We study the behaviors of quantum speed limit time (QSLT) of a two-level atom and non-Markovianity of an atomic ensemble described by the Dicke model. Our results show that both quantities can accurately locate the critical point of quantum phase transition between normal and super-radiant phases of the model. The numerical simulations demonstrate a rapid increase in the non-Markovianity in the super-radiant phase with increasing size of the ensemble. The growing non-Markovianity, in turn, results in speeding up quantum evolution of the two-level atom.
Mixing Ince–Gaussian modes through sum-frequency generation
Authors: Pires D. G. , Rocha J. C. A. , da Silva M. V. E. C. , Jesus-Silva A. J. , Fonseca E. J. S.
Published: August 2020

We present a nonlinear mixing study of Ince–Gaussian (IG) beams in non-collinear sum-frequency generation, completing the fundamental analysis of all three families of paraxial wave equation solutions under this nonlinear process. Through theoretical and experimental results, we consider the nonlinear mixing of even and odd IG modes, and transition between the paraxial modes by controlling the eccentricity parameter

ϵ

and helical IG modes possessing arbitrary orbital angular momentum. Additionally, the selection rule of IG modes in the nonlinear mixing processes is determined. This work is important for optical communications and quantum protocols.
On-chip high-sensitivity photonic temperature sensor based on a GaAs microresonator
Authors: Chen Yongchao , Li Jianping , Guo Xiaojie , Wan Lei , Liu Jin , Chen Zhenshi , Pan Jingshun , Zhang Bin , Li Zhaohui , Qin Yuwen
Published: August 2020

We demonstrate an on-chip high-sensitivity photonic temperature sensor based on a GaAs microdisk resonator. Based on the large thermo-optic coefficient of GaAs, a temperature sensitivity of 0.142 nm/K with a measurement resolution of 10 mK and low input optical power of only 0.5 µW was achieved. It exhibits great potential for chip-scale biological research and integrated photonic signal processing.
Low-coherence, high-power, high-directional electrically driven dumbbell-shaped cavity semiconductor laser at 635  nm
Authors: Xu Linhai , Wang Yufei , Jia Yufei , Zheng Wanhua
Published: August 2020

An electrically driven dumbbell-shaped cavity semiconductor laser laterally confined by isolation and metal layers at 635 nm has been proposed. In the simulation, we systematically analyzed the

Q

-factors, mode intensity distributions, and directionality of the dumbbell-shaped cavity. A measured speckle contrast as low as 3.7%, emission divergence of 7.7°, and maximum output power of about 2.36 W were obtained in the experiment. Such a semiconductor laser with low coherence, high power, and high directivity may provide great potential application value in laser display and imaging.
Highly efficient 110-W closed-cycle cryogenically cooled Nd:YAG laser operating at 946  nm
Authors: Shayeganrad G. , Cante S. , Mosquera J. P. , Bailey W. O. S. , Mackenzie J. I.
Published: August 2020

We report a new, to the best of our knowledge, record power and efficiency for a 946 nm Nd:YAG laser, producing

>

110

W

(

5

T
W
m

−
2

s
r

−
1

) with a slope efficiency of 80%, with respect to absorbed pump power, and an optical-to-optical efficiency of 74%, with respect to incident power. To achieve this performance, we utilized a closed-cycle acoustic Stirling cryostat to maintain the gain medium temperature at

∼

80

K

and direct in-band pumping with a volume-Bragg-grating stabilized diode laser bar operating at 868 nm. Daily operation, including cycling of the laser crystal temperature, akin to a comparable water-cooled solid-state laser system, is demonstrated.
Screening of the quantum dot Förster coupling at small distances: erratum
Authors: Carlson Chelsea , Knorr Andreas , Hughes Stephen
Published: August 2020

This erratum corrects the acronym ‘ISW’ as ’infinite square well’.
Room temperature synthesis of stable silica-coated CsPbBr3 quantum dots for amplified spontaneous emission
Authors: Mo Qionghua , Shi Tongchao , Cai Wensi , Zhao Shuangyi , Yan Dongdong , Du Juan , Zang Zhigang
Published: August 2020

All-inorganic cesium lead bromide (

CsPbBr
3

) perovskite quantum dots (QDs) with excellent optical properties have been regarded as good gain materials for amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). However, the poor stability as the results of the high sensitivity to heat and moisture limits their further applications. Here, we report a facile one-pot approach to synthesize

CsPbBr
3

@

SiO
2

QDs at room temperature. Due to the effective defects passivation using

SiO
2

, as-prepared

CsPbBr
3

@

SiO
2

QDs present an enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and chemical stability. The PLQY of

CsPbBr
3

@

SiO
2

QDs reaches 71.6% which is higher than 46% in pure

CsPbBr
3

QDs. The PL intensity of

CsPbBr
3

@

SiO
2

QDs maintains 84% while remaining 24% in pure

CsPbBr
3

after 80 min heating at 60°C. The ASE performance of the films is also studied under a two-photon-pumped laser. Compared with the films using pure

CsPbBr
3

QDs, those with as-prepared

CsPbBr
3

@

SiO
2

QDs exhibit a reduced threshold of ASE. The work suggests that room-temperature-synthesized

SiO
2

-coated perovskites QDs are promising candidates for laser devices.
Disorder-protected quantum state transmission through helical coupled-resonator waveguides
Authors: Han JungYun , Sukhorukov Andrey A. , Leykam Daniel
Published: August 2020

We predict the preservation of temporal indistinguishability of photons propagating through helical coupled-resonator optical waveguides (H-CROWs). H-CROWs exhibit a pseudospin-momentum locked dispersion, which we show suppresses on-site disorder-induced backscattering and group velocity fluctuations. We simulate numerically the propagation of two-photon wave packets, demonstrating that they exhibit almost perfect Hong–Ou–Mandel dip visibility and then can preserve their quantum coherence even in the presence of moderate disorder, in contrast with regular CROWs, which are highly sensitive to disorder. As indistinguishability is the most fundamental resource of quantum information processing, H-CROWs may find applications for the implementation of robust optical links and delay lines in the emerging quantum photonic communication and computational platforms.
Breathing dissipative soliton explosions in a bidirectional ultrafast fiber laser
Authors: Zhou Yi , Ren Yu-Xuan , Shi Jiawei , Wong Kenneth K. Y.
Published: August 2020

Soliton explosions, among the most exotic dynamics, have been extensively studied on parameter invariant stationary solitons. However, the explosion dynamics are still largely unexplored in breathing dissipative solitons as a dynamic solution to many nonlinear systems. Here, we report on the first observation of a breathing dissipative soliton explosion in a net-normal-dispersion bidirectional ultrafast fiber laser. The breathing soliton explosions could be stimulated by the soliton buildup process or alteration of polarization settings. Transient breathing soliton pairs with intensive repulsion that is sensitive to initial conditions can also be triggered by multiple soliton explosions in the soliton buildup process instead of being triggered by varying polarization settings. The high behavior similarity also exists in the breathing soliton buildup and explosion process owing to the common gain and loss modulation. In addition, dissipative rogue waves were detected in the breathing soliton explosion, and the collision of breathing soliton significantly enhanced the amplitude of rogue waves, which is characteristic of the breathing solitons in a bidirectional fiber laser. These results shed new insights into complex dissipative soliton dynamics.
DISTRIBUTION OF CORAL COMMUNITIES ON REEF SLOPES IN THE MASCARENE ARCHIPELAGO, INDIAN OCEAN
Authors: Faure Gerald
Published: August 2020

Three zones and sic "horizons" are defined and described on the basis of topographic elements, growth forms of corals, generic and specific diversity of scleractinians and associated fauna and flora - : Spurs and grooves zone of coral-built morphogenesis ("horizon superieur" 0-5m, "horizon intermediaire" 5-15m, "horizon inferieur" 15-20m); Spurs and grooves of volcanic morphogenesis 20-25m; Volcanic flagstone ("horizon superieur" 25-30m, "horizon moyen" with sponges and corals, 30-35m, "horizon inferieur" with gorgonians and antipatharia 35-50m). A total of 98 species belonging to 58 genera were collected on reef slopes. It was found that there is a successive increase in generic and specific diversity from the upper part (36 species), to 20 meters (63 species), related to the decrease of exposure to wave action. The decrease in the number of species from 25 (54 species) to 50 meters (?18 species), proves that light becomes a limiting factor below 25-30m. Nevertheless, sedimentation effects, biological competition (algae, sponges, alcyonarians….) and other factors are very significant in determining community structure of corals. A comparative study (quantitative and qualitative distribution, zonation) with other localities is suggested as conclusion.
PRELIMINARY OBSERVATION ON LIVING HABITS OF ACANTHASTER PLANCI (LINNAEUS) AT PULAU TIKUS, SERIBU ISLANDS
Authors: Azis Aznam , Sukarno -
Published: August 2020

During the period of June 1975 to August 1975, observations on living habit and some ecological aspects of Acanthaster planci were made at Pulau Tikus, Seribu Islands. The observations, limited to 8 metres deep, were made at the outer reef located south of Pulau Tikus, covering an area of about 4000 square metres. The density of living stony corals and the damaged caused by the feeding activities of A. planci were also studied. The results show that the average numbers of A. planci per month is 20 individuals per 4000 m2. The sizes of the starfish vary between 26-41 cm in diameter and the number of arms between 10 - 18. The moving distance of the starfish is 0.3 - 8 metres in 24 hours. The stony corals affected are Acropora squamosa (BROOK), A. spathulata (BROOK), A. Latistella (BROOK), A. quelchi (BROOK), Fungia sp.. Montipora ramosa BERNARD, Porites sp., DipIoria sp., and Goniatrea sp.
ON THE CULTIVATION OF CAULERPA RACEMOSA VAR. OCCIDENTALIS IN THE PHILIPPINES AND SOME ASPECTS OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY
Authors: Colina A. , Horstman U. , Schramm W.
Published: August 2020

Caulerpa racemosa, a benthic siphonaceous algae has its natural habitat in the sublittoral zone of tropical areas. In the Philippines, since a few years, it is cultivated on commercial scale in flooded ponds in the intertidal mangrove zone. Unlike in their natural habitats, Caulerpa in these ponds is subjected to sometimes considerable changes in salinity (rain, evaporation, tem-perature and light (Insolation), and in pH). The response of Caulerpa to these factors and the comparison of the ecological conditions, both in the natural habitats and the cultured ponds have been investigated.

The experiments showed that the observed changes of the studied parameters normally range within the physiological limits of Caulerpa. Under extreme conditions, however, detri-mental effects can occur. Ways of controlling such factors are discussed.
ADAPTATIONS OF DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS TO LIFE IN MANGROVE SWAMPS
Authors: Malley D. F.
Published: August 2020

Decapod crustaceans such as sesarmid and ocypodid crabs and thalassinid lobsters are conspicuous in numbers and bio mass on the mangrove swamp floor. An understanding of their biology and physiology is concomitant with a full understanding of their role in swamp ecology and management and for controlling them when they are pests or for augmenting their usefulness. The swamp environment of decapods is essentially a moist, low oxygen (in standing water), very broad intertidal habitat with an abundant food source available in angiosperm tissue. Present knowledge of the biology of mangrove decapods will be briefly summarized, such as feeding, respiratory, reproductive and behavioural adaptations, and including reports on feeding by Chiromanthes spp. in Malaysian swamps. In addition, the paper will attempt to identify fruitful areas for physiological and ecological research such as metabolic adaptations to angiosperm diet.
NOTES ON THE TEREBRALIA PALUSTRIS (GRASTROPODA) FROM THE CORAL ISLANDS IN THE JAKARTA BAY AREA
Authors: Soemodihardjo Subagjo , Kastoro Widiarsih
Published: August 2020

A dense population of Terebralia palustris occurs in many coral islands in the Jakarta Bay area, living usually in association with mangrove communities. A preliminary study on this gastropod has been carried out in two islands, Pulau Rambut and Pulau Burung, which concerned with population density and structure, length-weight relationship, rate of growth, and the effect of prolonged desiccation and starvation. Analyses were made on the properties of the substrate including soil component, organic matter content, pH, salinity, and daily temperature fluctuation at the soil's surface.No less than 130 specimens per square meter were counted in the most densely populated place in Pulau Rambut. The length frequency distribution showed a bimodal histogram, and the length-weight relationship was represented by the following equation: W = 0.00024 L2'5534 where : W = dry weight in gram; L = length in milimeter.A number of young individuals were confined in a fenced area for growth study. During the first four-month they gained an average additional length of 10 mm. Out of water and starved this gastropod may survive for three months.
CURRENTS AND MIXING ON THE SILL OF AMBON BAY MEASURED WITH DROGUES
Authors: Walman - , Anderson James Jay
Published: August 2020

Currents and mixing properties on the sill of Ambon Bay were measured with drogues. Current speed of 0.62 m/sec was observed. A mixing model suggests material released on the sill would decrease by a factor of 2 x 104 in one hour. Drogue construction and data reduction methods are described.
THE SEMIDIURNAL M2 TIDE IN THE SOUTHEAST ASIAN WATERS
Authors: Kastoro -
Published: August 2020

The semidiurnal tides of the Pacific and Indian Oceans penetrate deeply into the Southeast Asian waters. The tides of the Pacific Ocean govern the whole of the China Sea, the Philippines waters and the Sulawesi Sea while the tides of the Indian Ocean govern the Timor Sea, the Banda Sea, the Andaman Sea and the Malacca Strait. The Maluku Sea, the Makassar Strait and the Java Sea are the boundary region between tides from the Indian and Pacific Oceans. In the Java Sea the semidiurnal tide is produced mainly by the tide from the Indian Ocean. At the boundary region, the amplitudes are generally very small. As an example of a boundary region, the tides of the Sunda Strait are considered in some detail. An analytical solution of two overlapping standing waves, one wave resulting from open mouth reflection of a wave incident from the Indian Ocean and the other standing wave from open mouth reflection of a wave incident from the Java Sea, adequately describe the M2 tide in the Sunda Strait.
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF TRACE METALS (Pb, Cr, Cu AND Zn) IN SEDIMENTS OF THE BERAU DELTA, EAST KALIMANTAN AND THEIR ACCUMULATION IN BENTHIC BIOTA
Authors: Arifin Z. , Koesmawati T. A.
Published: August 2020

Berau delta is a coastal ecosystem where man-made activities are relatively low. The present study has investigated spatial distribution of Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn in sediments and their implication to benthic biota. The result of our study showed that metal concentrations varied from undetected to 55.53 mg kg-1 for Pb and from 3.28 to 22.9 mg kg-1 for Cu, while for Cr and Zn vary from 9.65 to 64.67 mg kg-1 and 10.00 to 1,200 mg kg-1, respectively. The concentrations of Pb, Cu, Cr and Zn in Anadara sp were 7.53 ± 2.06, 4.92 ± 0.55, 1.44 ± 0.12 and 97.87 ± 9.12 mg kg-1 dry weight (dw), respectively. On the other hand, the Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn in Telescopium mauritsi were 4.49 ± 0.03, 0.87 ± 0.05, 259.0 ± 0.01 and 64.78 ± 0.01 mg kg-1 dw, respectively. In conclusion, spatial distribution of trace metals (Pb, Cu, Cr and Zn) in sediments showed that higher concentrations were found in the southern part of the delta, and the accumulation of the metals by mollusk might reflect natural concentrations in biota.
BIOREMEDIATION STUDY: HYDROCARBON DEGRADING BACTERIA
Authors: Sutiknowati Lies Indah
Published: August 2020

Many microorganisms capable of degrading petroleum components have been isolated and few of them seem to be important for petroleum biodegradation in natural environments. To identify the bacteria that play a major role in degradation of petroleum polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), bacteria were enriched from seawater by using Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Trichlorodibenzofuran and Benzo[a]pyrene as a carbon and energy source. The result of study that members of the genus Alcanivorax and Thalassospira became predominant in the enrichment cultures. The strains isolated in this study could grow on crude oil and degraded PAH components of crude oil. The number of cells increased to 8.1x106 cells g-1 after 14 days in subculture. PAH degradation proceeded parallel with the growth of bacteria cells. This observation which has been conducted in Marine Biotechnology Institute, Kamaishi, Iwate-ken, Japan suggests that Alcanivorax and Thalassospira play an important role in the degradation of petroleum PAHs in marine environment.
DIVERSITY AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF MACROALGAE AT KOH TAEN, HAAD KHANOM-MU KOH TALE TAI, MARINE NATIONAL PARK, NAKHON SI THAMMARAT PROVINCE, THAILAND
Authors: Prathep Anchana , Darakrai Anuchit , Tantiprapas Piyalap , Mayakun Jaruwan , Thongroy Pimonrat , Wichachucherd Bongkot , Sinutok Sutinee
Published: August 2020

The diversity and community structure of macroalgae at Koh Taen, Haad Khanom-Mu Koh Tale Tai, marine National Park, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand were investigated from 1st- 5th October 2005 (preliminary survey). Out of a total of 41 species: 15 species each of green and red algae, 9 species of brown algae and 2 species of blue green algae were found. In the area, subsequently four sites were established for monitoring. Quadrat sampling was employed to assess the abundance of macroalgae. In total sixty quadrats were monitored each month from October 2005 to April 2007. We report the variations of diversity and abundance of macroalgae among sites and seasons and speculate about what might cause such variations.
THREE SPECIES OF SARGASSUM (PHAEOPHYCEAE) WITH COMPRESSED PRIMARY BRANCHES IN THE GULF OF THAILAND
Authors: Noiraksar Thidarat , Ajisaka Tetsuro , Ogawa Hisao
Published: August 2020

Three species of Sargassum with compressed primary branches, S. binderi Sonder, S. oligocystum Montagne and S. swartzii (Turner) C.A. Agardh, have been described from the Gulf of Thailand. S. swartzii is the first record of this species from the coast of Thailand. A key for these three species and for each species descriptions have been completed. The clear distinction among these three species is clearly shown and discussed. S. binderi has slender lanceolate leaves, a dentate margin along the compressed stem of its vesicles, and clear spines along the whole margin of the flattened receptacles. S. oligocystum has broader lanceolate leaves with an acute to rounded apex, almost entire, spherical vesicles, and only few spines on the margin of the slightly compressed receptacles. S. swartzii has linear lanceolate leaves, pointed or crowned vesicles, and few spines neat the tip of its almost terete receptacles.
MANGROVE IN THE COASTAL ZONE OF LAMPUNG BAY PROVINCE OF LAMPUNG: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: Pramudji -
Published: August 2020

Study on mangrove forest in the coastal zone of Lampung Bay, Province of Lampung was carried out on March 12 — 30, 2007. The data was collected from 8 stations, (Pidada Bay, Limbungan, Puhawang Kecil Island, Kalangan, Klagian Island, Kapuran, Ringgung, and Hurun Bay) based on the transect method. The result showed that the mangrove in the coastal zone of Lampung Bay was dominated by Rhizophora apiculata. The floristic composition of mangrove in this area consisted of 31 species. Recently, the extent of mangrove in the coastal zone of Lampung Bay was decreasing due to conversion of mangrove into human settlement, fishpond, road, and uncontrolled mangrove exploitation. This situation leads to the depletion of the living organisms which inhabit this area.
POSSIBLE OCCURRENCE OF TOXIC AND HARMFUL PHYTOPLANKTON IN LOMBOK BAY, LOMBOK, INDONESIA
Authors: Sidharta Boy Rahardjo , Ahyadi Hilman
Published: August 2020

Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) incidences in Indonesian waters were increasingly occurred from time to time. Extensive and continous studies in this field are needed to be done in more areas in the country. This objective of this present survey were to determine the occurrence of potential toxic and harmful marine microalgae in Lombok, to reveal the diversity of marine microalgae found in the area, and to give some information on the occurrence of HAB phytoplankton in Lombok island. Plankton samples were taken from six stations in Lembar bay, Lombok on February, 2007. This survey found 23 marine microalgae species and two of those were potentially harmful and toxic, namely Dinophysis caudata and Gymnodinium catenatum. Four species, such as Ceratium spp, Dinophysis miles, Prorocentrum gracile, and P micans, were noted to be harmful though so far no report on adverse effect caused by these microalgae in the area. Diatom Chaetoceros spp were the most abundant phytoplankton in almost all of the sampling areas and followed by Ceratium furca and Protoperidinium sp.
THE PHYLOGENETIC TREE OF Alexandrium Prorocentrum AND PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA OF HARMFUL AND TOXIC ALGAE IN VIETNAM COASTAL WATERS BASED ON SEQUENCES OF 18sRdna, Its1-5.8s-Its2 GENE FRAGMENTS AND SINGLE CELL -PER METHOD
Authors: Hong Dang Diem , Thu Ngo Thi Hoai , Nam Hoang Sy , Hien Hoang Minh , Hai Luyen Quoc , Ha Dao Viet , Fukuyo Yasuo , Iwataki Mitsunori
Published: August 2020

Molecular biological techniques support the identification of microalgae of Vietnam. Prorocentrum, Alexandrium and Pseudo-nitzschia are main harmful and toxic microalgal genera found in Vietnam coastal waters. The results of morphology and nucleotide sequence analysis of 18S rDNA and ITS 1-5.8S-ITS2 gene obtained from genomic DNA have shown that the Prorocentrum sp. 3 (isolated from Cat Ba, Hai Phong on October, 2004), Alexandrium sp. 5 (collected on October, 2004) and Pseudo-nitzschia sp. G3 (colleted in Do Son, Hai Phong on December, 2005) belonging to Prorocentrum mexicanum (the homological percent of 99.9% with sequencing of P mexicanum in Genbank ofY16232, AY886763), A. minutum (99.8% - AJ535388, DQ168664) and Pseudo-nitzschia pungens (98.8% - AY544769, DQ166533), respectively. The obtained results indicated that the exceptional fresh samples, for Prorocentrum genus which may be preserved at 25% ethanol, 4% formaldehyde, 1% glutaraldehyde, while Alexandrium genus ó at 25% ethanol, and Pseudo-nitzschia genus - 4% formaldehyde and 1% glutaraldehyde for two weeks have not effected on their analysis of sequences generated by Single Cell PCR method. In these studied samples, the nucleotide sequences obtained from genomic DNA and Single-cell PCR methods were the same with the homological percent more than 99%. Application of this method to samples collected from Phu Quoc Island, southern part of Vietnam, in 27-29, June, 2006 showed that Prorocentrum mican and P sigmoisdes were found.