bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Rand Flora pattern: Phylogeny and biogeographical history of Volutaria (Compositae)
Authors: Calleja Juan Antonio , Garcia-Jacas Núria , Roquet Cristina , Susanna Alfonso
Published: May 2016

The Rand Flora describes the disjunct phytogeographical pattern of a wide range of taxa distributed at the periphery of Africa and adjacent islands, as well as the Arabian Peninsula. We focused on Volutaria (Compositae: Cardueae: Centaurineae), a genus of ca. 18 species that conforms to the Rand Flora pattern; yet its phylogeny, interspecific relationships, and biogeographical history remain poorly known. We aim to construct a robust phylogeny that will allow us to interpret the biogeography and the diversification of this genus, together with its present distribution pattern, and to ascertain whether the latter arose by single or multiple gradual expansion processes, vicariance, or long‐distance dispersal events. We sampled all extant Volutaria species, covering its entire geographical range, and generated sequences of nuclear‐ribosomal DNA and three plastid regions, which were analyzed by Bayesian inference and maximum parsimony. Samples yielding more than one sequence in direct sequencing were cloned. Historical biogeographical analysis was performed using BioGeoBEARS based on a phylogeny dated using a relaxed molecular clock calibrated with a previous dating undertaken for the tribe Cardueae. Volutaria is a monophyletic taxon, having an Asian ancestor, and its present diversity is represented by four main clades that emerged in the Miocene. The earliest taxa of Volutaria to diverge are preserved in North Africa, whereas clades that diverged more recently have done so on both sides of the Sahara. This process involved both ancient and recent interspecific introgression and hybridization events, as indicated by incongruities between plastid and nuclear results, and by cloning of the ITS region. The distribution of Volutaria around two diversity poles conforms to the Rand Flora pattern, but this did not arise by a single event or process. Instead, the historical biogeography of Volutaria involves at least one migration wave from east to west, followed by the extinction of ancestral taxa and subsequent expansion and retraction events, together with speciation processes on both sides of the Sahara. The intense tectonic and climatic changes that occurred in North Africa and western Asia throughout the Neogene and Pleistocene periods might explain the present diversity and distribution pattern of the genus.
The distance spectral radius of graphs with given number of odd vertices
Authors: Lin Hongying , Zhou Bo
Published: May 2016

The graphs with smallest, respectively largest, distance spectral radius among the connected graphs, respectively trees with a given number of odd vertices, are determined. Also, the graphs with the largest distance spectral radius among the trees with a given number of vertices of degree 3, respectively given number of vertices of degree at least 3, are determined. Finally, the graphs with the second and third largest distance spectral radius among the trees with all odd vertices are determined.
Relationship between soil texture and soil organic matter content on mined-out lands in Berau, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: HARTATI WAHJUNI , SUDARMADJI TRIYONO
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Hartati, Sudarmadji T. 2016. Relationship between soil texture and soil organic matter content on mined-out lands in Berau, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 83-88. Post open pit mining may in most cases leave unarable and degraded lands due to heavy soil disturbances and therefore reclamation efforts of such area should be addressed on the revitalization of the soil functions for plant growth. The capability of tropical humid soils, including post open pit mining soils, to support plant growth is largely determined by their organic matter content-nutrient pool, soil aggregation, microbial activity, etc. However, soil organic matter content is, to large extent, governed by the soil clay content which is most likely permanent. This may imply that the soil texture couple with soil organic matter content could be a sound measurement to assess the recovery stages of the mined-out lands in term of soil functions for plant growth. This research was conducted in three sites of reclamation area in Berau, East Kalimantan. Soil texture varied from moderately fine (35-40% clay) to fine (40-50% clay) and very fine (>50% clay) for the BMO, SMO and LMO sites respectively. Soil clay eluviations were found in both of SMO (8 years old revegetation) and BMO (>12 years old revegetation) sites but not in LMO site. Soil organic matter content ranged from very low (<1%) to low (1-2%) and gradually increases in line with the increase of soil clay contents. For the soils with 35-50% clay contents (SMO and BMO sites), the top 30 cm depth soil organic matter content is to some extent controlled by the soil clay contents. Clay eluviations might be used as indicators of soil pedogenic were found in moderately fine to fine soil texture. Each process occurs at >12 and 8 years old revegetation when the organic matter content reaching its maximum. The very fine soil texture does not show clay eluviations process until > 12 years old revegetation even containing the highest organic C content and reaches its maximum at 8-10 years old revegetation.
Assessing visual skill development in basic design education
Authors: Guler Kutay , Atalayer Faruk
Published: May 2016

Basic design education focuses on developing an understanding of the building blocks, organization principles and modes of thinking for the visual language, which is in essence a collection of conscious activities that form the foundation of any design process. Even though there are varying teaching methodologies, basic design courses share many common points. One of the underlying reasons of the variations in basic design education is the diversity of student profiles. Consequently, understanding student groups and transforming basic design education accordingly bears importance for effective learning. This research aims to understand the effects of basic design education on different student profiles in the context of visual perception and expression. Accordingly, visual abilities of two groups of basic design students from seven interior design departments were compared. One group (n=138) was admitted with a centralized test and the other group (n=115) was admitted with a visual aptitude exam to their respective programmes. A survey instrument was created for the experiment, based on standardized visual perception tests and other measuring tools developed by researchers. Findings indicated that students admitted through a visual aptitude exam demonstrated higher visual capabilities compared with students admitted through a centralized test. According to the results, suggestions were made for adjusting basic design content to achieve a coherent skill level among different student profiles at course completion.
Race cars and the hellbox: Understanding the development of proficiency among digital art students
Authors: Paquette Andrew , Reedy Gabriel , Hatzipanagos Stylianos
Published: May 2016

Educating students in the discipline of digital art to a professional standard has generally proven difficult. In an effort to understand the problem, a first-year undergraduate modelling course cohort was observed. Some students in this course progressed from being novices to acquiring proficiency during the nine-week term of the course. Computer Graphics (CG) modelling professionals evaluated student work to confirm their progress. Traditional models of proficiency development expect that proficiency is dependent on the investment of significant time on discipline-related tasks. The results of this investigation show that the transition from a novice level of understanding to that of proficiency can be rapid. Earlier models emphasize the importance of long-term memory and pattern-matching to developing proficiency. For the field of digital art, data gathered in this study do not support long-term memory or pattern matching as a principal contributing factor to the development of proficiency. Instead, it suggests that knowledge of what a professional standard is, in combination with important threshold concepts, leads to proficiency.
Subjectivity in media source perception: Fox news versus NPR
Authors: Shim KyuJin
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this study is to explore the link between political affinity and source credibility perception through the cases of Fox News and NPR. Based on the third-person perception framework, this study combines the Q methodology and focus group interviews to investigate the interaction of audience and source in shaping the credibility of a media source. Results confirmed the third-person perception in that audiences tend to perceive a politically aligned news channel as being trustworthy, but fails to attain the social impact it deserves. In contrast, audiences perceive a hostile news channel as having social impact although not being trustworthy.
Occupy narratives in Sweden and Latvia: How mainstream media tell the story of a movement
Authors: Kaun Anne , Jurkane-Hobein Iveta
Published: May 2016

The Occupy movement, which started with a group of activists in New York, soon grew into a global movement with protesters gathering and occupying public spaces worldwide. This article provides a critical discourse analysis and examines the representation of the global as well as local expressions of the Occupy movement in Latvian and Swedish major newspapers. It shifts the lens from the financial centres to the European periphery and asks how the movement is recontextualized in Latvia and Sweden. In the analysis four main discursive strategies are identified and discussed comparatively for the two countries; nomination, predication, perspectivation and mitigation. Although the discursive strategies in both contexts are similar, the recontextualization in Latvia and Sweden reflects the distinct historical and cultural circumstance in which the mediation of the Occupy movement emerged.
Cultural class analysis and audience reception in American television’s ‘third golden age’
Authors: Wayne Michael L.
Published: May 2016

This article applies the concept of cultural class to an analysis of contemporary television viewing. The proliferation of original programming on cable networks and the emergence of digital technologies have led many observers to claim that American TV is in the midst of its third ‘golden age’ (the first two are associated with the 1950s and 1980s, respectively). Based on qualitative interviews with 50 middle-class young adults (aged 18–34 years), this article claims that the significance of this ‘golden age’ varies with, but is not determined by, social location. For some middle-class young adults, engagement with post-network television includes the creation of symbolic boundaries in relation to the perceived quality of a given show’s ‘writing’, the use of culturally legitimated content as bonding capital, and the use of low-status content as bridging capital. For other middle-class young adults, engagement with post-network television is characterized by the irrelevance of emerging status hierarchies and the continuing significance of personal identification. In the theoretical context of cultural class analysis, the author argues that attitudes towards legitimated content in the post-network era are meaningful precisely because significant differences in reception practices are identified within the American middle class.
Negotiating war on TV series: A cross-national comparative study of the 2003 invasion of Iraq
Authors: Al-Rawi Ahmed
Published: May 2016

The article investigates three TV series that examined the way the 2003 war on Iraq was represented. The TV series analysed are the American Generation Kill (2008), the British Occupation (2009) and the Arabic Hudu’ Nisbi/Relatively Calm (2009) produced during the Muslim month of Ramadan. The research investigates the way the war on Iraq is shown by the three different TV series by linking their cultural and political contexts. Though the three TV series agree on several issues such as the destructive impact of the US-led occupation, they differ in their focus on presenting the deadly impact of war on civilians and the psychological trauma soldiers go through. Partly based on the subaltern concept, the study argues that the three TV dramas are cultural expressions by which power inequality is negotiated between the subaltern natives and hegemonic powers.
Scandal-suffering politicians, scorned wives and salacious news: Examining public response to the scandal press conference
Authors: Mandell Hinda , Chen Gina Masullo
Published: May 2016

Politicians caught in scandal often hold a press conference where they address sexual impropriety in the United States. The ‘political wife’ typically stands next to her husband, a symbol of spousal support that has received significant attention from the media. This article investigates the reactions of survey respondents to three news clips of sex-scandal press conferences, including those of former New York Governor Eliot Spitzer, former South Carolina Governor Mark Sanford and former New York Congressman Anthony Weiner. The political wife plays a different role at each news event. Silda Spitzer is the present and silent wife; Jenny Sanford is the absent wife; and Huma Abedin is the present and vocal wife. Findings indicate that gender, marital status and age impact respondents’ reactions to scandals.
Neuronal and Astrocytic Monoacylglycerol Lipase Limit the Spread of Endocannabinoid Signaling in the Cerebellum
Authors: Chen Yao , Liu Xiaojie , Vickstrom Casey R. , Liu Michelle J. , Zhao Li , Viader Andreu , Cravatt Benjamin F. , Liu Qing-song
Published: May 2016

Endocannabinoids are diffusible lipophilic molecules that may spread to neighboring synapses. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is the principal enzyme that degrades the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Using knock-out mice in which MAGL is deleted globally or selectively in neurons and astrocytes, we investigated the extent to which neuronal and astrocytic MAGL limit the spread of 2-AG-mediated retrograde synaptic depression in cerebellar slices. A brief tetanic stimulation of parallel fibers in the molecular layer induced synaptically evoked suppression of excitation (SSE) in Purkinje cells, and both neuronal and astrocytic MAGL contribute to the termination of this form of endocannabinoid-mediated synaptic depression. The spread of SSE among Purkinje cells occurred only after global knock-out of MAGL or pharmacological blockade of either MAGL or glutamate uptake, but no spread was detected following neuron- or astrocyte-specific deletion of MAGL. The spread of endocannabinoid signaling was also influenced by the spatial pattern of synaptic stimulation, because it did not occur at spatially dispersed parallel fiber synapses induced by stimulating the granular layer. The tetanic stimulation of parallel fibers did not induce endocannabinoid-mediated synaptic suppression in Golgi cells even after disruption of MAGL and glutamate uptake, suggesting that heightened release of 2-AG by Purkinje cells does not spread the retrograde signal to parallel fibers that innervate Golgi cells. These results suggest that both neuronal and astrocytic MAGL limit the spatial diffusion of 2-AG and confer synapse-specificity of endocannabinoid signaling.
TERRA promotes telomerase‐mediated telomere elongation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Moravec Martin , Wischnewski Harry , Bah Amadou , Hu Yan , Liu Na , Lafranchi Lorenzo , King Megan C , Azzalin Claus M
Published: May 2016

Telomerase‐mediated telomere elongation provides cell populations with the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Telomerase is capable of recognizing and extending the shortest telomeres in cells; nevertheless, how this mechanism is executed remains unclear. Here, we show that, in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, shortened telomeres are highly transcribed into the evolutionarily conserved long noncoding RNA TERRA. A fraction of TERRA produced upon telomere shortening is polyadenylated and largely devoid of telomeric repeats, and furthermore, telomerase physically interacts with this polyadenylated TERRA in vivo. We also show that experimentally enhanced transcription of a manipulated telomere promotes its association with telomerase and concomitant elongation. Our data represent the first direct evidence that TERRA stimulates telomerase recruitment and activity at chromosome ends in an organism with human‐like telomeres.
Hybrid Sterility in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Involves the Tetratricopeptide Repeat Domain Containing Protein
Authors: Yu Yang , Zhao Zhigang , Shi Yanrong , Tian Hua , Liu Linglong , Bian Xiaofeng , Xu Yang , Zheng Xiaoming , Gan Lu , Shen Yumin , Wang Chaolong , Yu Xiaowen , Wang Chunming , Zhang Xin , Guo Xiuping , Wang Jiulin , Ikehashi Hiroshi , Jiang Ling , Wan Jianmin
Published: May 2016

Intersubspecific hybrid sterility is a common form of reproductive isolation in rice (Oryza sativa L.), which significantly hampers the utilization of heterosis between indica and japonica varieties. Here, we elucidated the mechanism of S7, which specially causes Aus-japonica/indica hybrid female sterility, through cytological and genetic analysis, map-based cloning, and transformation experiments. Abnormal positioning of polar nuclei and smaller embryo sac were observed in F1 compared with male and female parents. Female gametes carrying S7cp and S7i were aborted in S7ai/S7cp and S7ai/S7i, respectively, whereas they were normal in both N22 and Dular possessing a neutral allele, S7n. S7 was fine mapped to a 139-kb region in the centromere region on chromosome 7, where the recombination was remarkably suppressed due to aggregation of retrotransposons. Among 16 putative open reading frames (ORFs) localized in the mapping region, ORF3 encoding a tetratricopeptide repeat domain containing protein was highly expressed in the pistil. Transformation experiments demonstrated that ORF3 is the candidate gene: downregulated expression of ORF3 restored spikelet fertility and eliminated absolutely preferential transmission of S7ai in heterozygote S7ai/S7cp; sterility occurred in the transformants Cpslo17-S7ai. Our results may provide implications for overcoming hybrid embryo sac sterility in intersubspecific hybrid rice and utilization of hybrid heterosis for cultivated rice improvement.
Questões Sociais Existenciais, Tendências de Desenvolvimento e Modernidade
Authors: Domingues José Maurício
Published: May 2016

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é retornar a alguns temas clássicos, mas hoje muito mal explorados, centrais no passado da sociologia ou daqueles que por ela foram incorporados como seus pais fundadores e hoje a rigor abandonados. Nele se discutem a multidimensionalidade da vida social e as tendências de desenvolvimento que, em particular na modernidade, a impulsionam. Teoricamente esses temas seguem, ou deveriam seguir, sendo decisivos, sem deixar de sê-lo igualmente do ponto de vista da prática social. Enfim, recolocá-los nos permite até certo ponto sugerir uma visão mais complexa e menos etnocêntrica da humanidade em seus aspectos diretamente sociais e, com isso, situar mais precisamente as características diferenciais da própria modernidade.
Atividade física, tempo de tela e utilização de medicamentos em adolescentes: coorte de nascimentos de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 1993
Authors: Bergmann Gabriel Gustavo , Bertoldi Andréa Dâmaso , Mielke Grégore Iven , Camargo Aline Lins , Matijasevich Alicia , Hallal Pedro Curi
Published: May 2016

Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar associações transversais e longitudinais entre atividade física, tempo de tela e uso de medicamentos em adolescentes da coorte de nascidos em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, em 1993, acompanhados aos 11 anos (N = 4.452), 15 anos (N = 4.325) e 18 anos (N = 4.106). Foram mensurados o uso de medicamentos nos últimos 15 dias, o uso contínuo de algum medicamento, o nível de atividade física (questionário e por acelerometria) e o tempo de tela (TV, computador e videogame). Um terço dos adolescentes usou, pelo menos, um medicamento nos últimos 15 dias, e, aproximadamente, 10% fizeram uso de algum medicamento de uso contínuo. Na análise ajustada, os resultados indicaram que níveis mais altos de atividade física aos 18 anos e menor tempo de tela aos 15 anos, entre os meninos, estiveram associados a frequências inferiores de uso global de medicamentos (p < 0,05). Também, para os meninos, a atividade física aos 11 e 18 anos associou-se inversamente ao uso contínuo de medicamentos (p < 0,05). Meninos mais ativos e com menor tempo de tela na adolescência apresentam menor uso de medicamentos aos 18 anos.
Modelo etiológico dos comportamentos de risco para os transtornos alimentares em adolescentes brasileiros do sexo feminino
Authors: Fortes Leonardo de Sousa , Filgueiras Juliana Fernandes , Oliveira Fernanda da Costa , Almeida Sebastião Sousa , Ferreira Maria Elisa Caputo
Published: May 2016

Resumo: O objetivo foi construir um modelo etiológico dos comportamentos de risco para os transtornos alimentares em adolescentes brasileiros do sexo feminino. Participaram 1.358 adolescentes de quatro cidades. Foram avaliados os comportamentos de risco para os transtornos alimentares, insatisfação corporal, pressões midiáticas, autoestima, estado de humor, sintomas depressivos e perfeccionismo por intermédio de escalas psicométricas. Peso, estatura e dobras cutâneas foram aferidos para calcular o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e o percentual de gordura (%G). O modelo de equação estrutural explanou 76% da variância dos comportamento de risco (F(9, 1.351) = 74,50; p = 0,001). Os achados indicaram que a insatisfação corporal mediou a relação entre as pressões midiáticas, autoestima, estado de humor, IMC, %G e os comportamentos de risco (F(9, 1.351) = 59,89; p = 0,001). Vale destacar que embora os sintomas depressivos não tenham se relacionado com a insatisfação corporal, o modelo indicou relação direta com os comportamentos de risco para os transtornos alimentares (F(2, 1.356) = 23,98; p = 0,001). Concluiu-se que somente o perfeccionismo não aderiu ao modelo etiológico dos comportamentos de risco para os transtornos alimentares em adolescentes brasileiras.
VISÕES DE NAÇÃO NA CONSTITUINTE BOLIVIANA
Authors: Iamamoto Sue A. S.
Published: May 2016

Este artigo analisa os documentos sobre "visão de país" apresentados na Assembleia Constituinte boliviana em 2007. Foi possível constatar que, se a direita porta um ideal de ordem política liberal e estatista, que prescinde de enraizamento na história e na sociedade boliviana, com uma visão de nação passiva e subordinada à legalidade estatal, a esquerda pauta coletividades políticas ativas, através ou apesar do Estado. Apesar da ideologia "descolonizadora" comum, o bloco da esquerda, majoritário e representante da situação, é marcado por profundas tensões internas. As posições com relação à nação e ao Estado indicam expectativas contraditórias: se alguns buscam a consolidação da primeira e a domesticação do segundo, para outros, essas esferas representam entidades paralelas, com as quais se pactuam políticas. Por fim, o estudo sugere que conceitos consensuais na esquerda, como a plurinacionalidade, seriam acordos possíveis, porém prenhes de disputas, e que a Constituinte seria mais bem entendida como um encontro de antagonismos, em que os grupos opostos constroem seus projetos um na contramedida do outro.
OS JURISTAS E A POLÍTICA NO BRASIL: PERMANÊNCIAS E REPOSICIONAMENTOS
Authors: Almeida Frederico de
Published: May 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir, a partir de evidências empíricas sobre as elites jurídicas brasileiras, as relações dos juristas com a política em geral, e com o Estado, em especial, a partir do conceito de campo do poder. Utilizaremos ainda dados específicos sobre a atuação de juristas e de políticos na Reforma do Judiciário de 2004, como referência empírica para se compreender a interação entre atores e saberes especializados em um processo de reforma institucional estatal. À prosopografia de grupos de elites jurídicas brasileiras serão acrescidas análises de trajetórias individuais de juristas, como forma de demonstrar como se dão os trânsitos desses agentes entre o direito e a política. Ao final, se conclui que permanecem as relações estruturais entre direito e política, caracterizada recentemente por deslocamentos e reposicionamentos dos juristas, devido ao surgimento de expertises propriamente políticas e jurídicas, e da progressiva e relativa autonomização do campo jurídico em relação à política.
O MUNDO É UM MOINHO: SACRIFÍCIO E COTIDIANO EM MÁRIO DE ANDRADE
Authors: Botelho André , Hoelz Maurício
Published: May 2016

A atuação prolífica e diversa de Mário de Andrade na imprensa constitui um dos vezos mais recursivos em que transcorre a sua vida-obra. Concentrando-nos na atuação do líder modernista como crítico musical na imprensa, argumentamos que é a ideia de "sacrifício" - indissociável da questão do cumprimento do destino intelectual - que permite articular as diferentes dimensões entre trajetória e obra em Mário de Andrade, tornando relativa a própria dualidade entre permanência e efemeridade de sua obra intelectual. Sustentamos ainda que, sociologicamente, essa ideia faz sentido justamente porque não há, no Brasil dos modernistas, algo estruturado em termos próximos aos de um campo intelectual autônomo, com posições diferenciadas e regidas exclusivamente por um habitus próprio em seu interior e nas relações inclusivas mantidas por seus membros com a sociedade.
Inclusion of Yucca schidigera extract and zeolite in the diet and its relationship to the apparent digestibility of nutrients and urinary pH in adult dogs
Authors: Santos João Paulo Fernandes , Saad Flavia Maria de Oliveira Borges , Ogoshi Rosana Claudio Silva , Reis Jéssica Santana dos , Ferreira Livia Geraldi , Pires Carolina Padovani , França Janine , Ebina Fernanda Sayuri , Aquino Adriana Augusto , Brunetto Márcio Antonio
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of Yucca schidigera extract and zeolite (Clinoptilolite) added to the diets for dogs and its effect on apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of diet components (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, acid hydrolyzed fat, and energy) and urinary pH. Twenty-one adult Beagles, males and females, body weight mean of 12.5±1.5kg and four and a half years old, distributed in a completely randomized design with seven replicates per treatment within three experimental treatments: control (no addition of Yucca schidigera and zeolite), Yucca schidigera (375ppm) and zeolite (1%), administered in the encapsulated form of the supplement. The ADC of diet components and urinary pH were not affected by the inclusion of additives (P>0.05), except the ADC acid hydrolyzed fat showed reduction with Yucca schidigera supplementation compared to the other treatments (P<0.05). The addition of 375ppm of Yucca schidigera extract reduced the digestibility of dietary fat by dogs and both Yucca schidigera extract and zeolite did not affect the urinary pH of dogs.
Tannin extracts on quality of fresh cut crisp leaf lettuce
Authors: Klug Tâmmila Venzke , Segaspini Moises Jardim , Novello Júnia Capua de Lima , Moresco Amanda Bianchini , Paiva Ana Raisa , Rios Alessandro de Oliveira , Tondo Eduardo Cesar , Bender Renar João
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT: In the present study, tannin extracts (rinsed or not) were compared to the use of sodium hypochlorite and tap water on fresh cut crisp leaf lettuce stored under modified atmosphere packaging. Effects of these sanitizers on total color difference and microbial levels of the product after sanitization and storage for 9 days at 3°C were evaluated. Performance of rinsed SM(r) tannin extract was comparable to the results of chlorine solution for all the analyzed parameters and; furthermore, that extract presented a high reduction in the initial bacterial count of minimally processed lettuce. However, storage of tannin extracts, did not impart better outcomes than the use of tap water. Therefore, the tannin extract storage SM(r) could be used in washing water to reduce the initial microbiological load, avoiding cross contamination in vegetables minimally processed.
A gênese de uma cultura ceramista
Authors: Silva K. J. da
Published: May 2016

Resumo A instalação do Ateliê do Antigo Matadouro na cidade de Cunha, SP, no ano de 1975, representa a gênese de uma nova cultura ceramista. O pioneirismo deste grupo estabeleceu bases para a criação de um dos mais importantes polos ceramistas brasileiros da atualidade e que continua a inspirar a criação de novos ateliês que têm nas queimas a lenha de alta temperatura, parte fundamental de sua poética de criação.
Grupos operativos na Atenção Primária à Saúde como prática de discussão e educação: uma revisão
Authors: Menezes Kênia Kiefer Parreiras de , Avelino Patrick Roberto
Published: May 2016

Resumo Introdução: É indispensável que os profissionais da saúde se informem sobre os fenômenos grupais, pois sua organização como modalidade de atenção coletiva é cada vez mais frequente nos serviços de saúde. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar, através de uma revisão da literatura, os resultados de ações educativas na Atenção Primária em Saúde através da utilização de grupos operativos encontrados. Método: Busca eletrônica nas bases de dados Medline, Scielo, LILACS e Web of Science, sem restrição de idioma e ano de publicação, realizada por dois pesquisadores independentes. Resultado: A estratégia de busca retornou 143 estudos, no entanto somente 10 estudos foram incluídos. Aplicados em diferentes populações, percebemos que os grupos voltados para a educação em saúde na Atenção Primária funcionam como estratégia eficiente, na qual se abre espaço para a escuta das necessidades e para a informação. Além disso, medidas objetivas demonstram melhora no autocuidado, estilo de vida, abandono de vícios, comportamentos de risco etc. Conclusão: Os grupos operativos estão inseridos no cuidado à saúde na Atenção Primária como um processo prático e eficiente. Todos os estudos alcançaram resultados positivos na promoção, prevenção e educação em saúde.
Material de educação ambiental como estratégia de prevenção da leptospirose para uma comunidade urbana reassentada
Authors: Mesquita Marilise Oliveira , Trevilato Graziella Chaves , Saraiva Luiza de Holleben , Schons Michelle da Silva , Garcia Maria Isabel Ferreira
Published: May 2016

Resumo A leptospirose é uma doença comum em locais urbanizados sem saneamento básico. A bactéria causadora é transmitida pelos roedores e pode contaminar os cães e estes, as pessoas, sendo a enfermidade considerada zoonótica. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer os riscos ambientais à saúde dos moradores de um novo reassentamento urbano, identificando problemas e construindo possíveis soluções, concretizadas em um material de educação ambiental com as demandas específicas encontradas nessa comunidade. Foram realizadas entrevistas domiciliares com perguntas sobre os hábitos e costumes das pessoas com relação aos cuidados com os animais de estimação, presença de animais sinantrópicos nos domicílios e manejo dos resíduos sólidos domésticos. Também foram efetuadas 142 coletas de amostras de sangue nos cães destes domicílios, para sorologia anti-leptospira, das quais 26 (18,3%) foram soropositivas; as sorovariedades mais frequentes foram Icterohaemoragiae (46%) e Canicola (26,9%). A partir dos dados obtidos nas entrevistas domiciliares e dos resultados das análises sanguíneas dos cães, foi possível perceber os principais problemas ambientais e os riscos à saúde a que essa comunidade estava exposta. Foi então elaborado um material educativo para dar respostas e orientações aos problemas ambientais específicos observados e apontados pela comunidade.
Longitudinal distribution of the ichthyofauna in a tributary of Tietê River with sources on the Basaltic Cuestas of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Cardoso Rodrigo Torres , Oliveira Alexandre Kannebley de , Garavello Julio Cesar
Published: May 2016

This work aimed to study the composition and distribution of fish species at four sites along Cabeça River, an affluent of Corumbataí River, tributary of Tietê River, intending to better understand the influence of local geomorphology on the occurrence of the species along the river. Using gill nets, trawl net, cast net and sieves, five samples were taken from each site every two months. These data were analyzed from constancy of occurrence, similarity index of Jaccard, rarefaction analysis and descriptive statistical analysis of richness. 4,532 fish individuals belonging to six different orders, 17 families and 65 species were captured. Differences in composition, richness (diversity), abundance and frequency were observed at these sites along the river. The sample site near the mouth of Cabeça River, was richer (49 species) and more abundant than the other three upstream sites, which showed fewer species and equivalent amounts each other (between 22 and 29 species). Moreover, this downstream site had the highest percentage of accessory species, whereas the other samples had a greater number of constant species. Cluster analysis from the Jaccard similarity showed that each site had distinct species composition. Cabeça River basin drains a rugged terrain in the state of São Paulo, between the Basaltic Cuestas and Peripheral Depression geomorphologic provinces. In this scenario, waterfalls and rapids influence the distribution, composition and richness of fish species.
Effect of a simulated heat wave in thermal and aerial environment broiler-rearing environment
Authors: Vale Marcos M. do , Moura Daniella J. de , Nääs Irenilza de A. , Curi Thayla M. R. C. , Lima Karla A. O.
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT Global warming increases the occurrence of events such as extreme heat waves. Research on thermal and air conditions affecting broiler-rearing environment are important to evaluate the animal welfare under extreme heat aiming mitigation measures. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of a simulated heat wave, in a climatic chamber, on the thermal and air environment of 42-day-old broilers. One hundred and sixty broilers were housed and reared for 42 days in a climatic chamber; the animals were divided into eight pens. Heat wave simulation was performed on the 42nd day, the period of great impact and data sampling. The analyzed variables were room and litter temperatures, relative humidity, concentrations of oxygen, carbon monoxide and ammonia at each pen. These variables were assessed each two hours, starting at 8 am, simulating a day heating up to 4 pm, when it is reached the maximum temperature. By the results, we concluded that increasing room temperatures promoted a proportional raise in litter temperatures, contributing to ammonia volatilization. In addition, oxygen concentrations decreased with increasing temperatures; and the carbon monoxide was only observed at temperatures above 27.0 °C, relative humidity higher than 88.4% and litter temperatures superior to 30.3 °C.
Performance of small wind turbines: simulation of electricity supply to loads connected to the public or isolated grid
Authors: Rodrigues Rafael V. , Rossi Luiz A.
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT The successful in the implementation of wind turbines depends on several factors, including: the wind resource at the installation site, the equipment used, project acquisition and operational costs. In this paper, the production of electricity from two small wind turbines was compared through simulation using the computer software HOMER - a national model of 6kW and an imported one of 5kW. The wind resources in three different cities were considered: Campinas (SP/BR), Cubatão (São Paulo/BR) and Roscoe (Texas/ USA). A wind power system connected to the grid and a wind isolated system - batteries were evaluated. The results showed that the energy cost ($/kWh) is strongly dependent on the windmill characteristics and local wind resource. Regarding the isolated wind system – batteries, the full supply guarantee to the simulated electrical load is only achieved with a battery bank with many units and high number of wind turbines, due to the intermittency of wind power.
IDENTIFICATION OF SUITABLE AREAS FOR IRRIGATED RICE CROPPING USING MODIS IMAGES AND HAND MODEL
Authors: MENGUE VAGNER P. , FONTANA DENISE C.
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT One of the most relevant activities of Brazilian economy is agriculture. Among the main crops in Brazil, rice is one of high relevance. The state of Rio Grande do Sul, in Southern Brazil, is responsible for 68.7% of domestic production (IBGE, 2013). The goal of this study was to develop a low-cost methodology with a regional scope to identify suitable areas for irrigated rice cropping in this state, using spectro-temporal behavior of vegetation index by means of MODIS images and HAND model. The rice-cropped area of this study was the southern half of the State. Using the HAND model, flood areas were mapped to identify irrigated rice cultivation. We used multi-temporal images of vegetation index from MODIS sensor, covering the period from August 2001 to May 2012. To assess the results, we used data collected in the fields and cropped area information from IBGE. The results showed that the proposed methodology was satisfactory, with Kappa 0.92 and global accuracy of 98.18%. As result, MODIS sensor data and flood areas delineation by means of HAND model generated the estimate irrigated rice area for the area of study.
KNOWLEDGE ON ADJUVANT PROPERTIES, DISPOSAL OF PESTICIDERESIDUES AND SPRAY DRIFT OCCURRENCE IN THE STATE OF MATO GROSSO
Authors: CARVALHO FERNANDO K. , ANTUNIASSI ULISSES R. , MOTA ALISSON A. B. , CHECHETTO RODOLFO G. , CARVALHO LÍDIA R. DE
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT This paper aimed at investigating the knowledge level of people working on pesticide spraying activities concerning spray adjuvant properties, as well as collecting information on disposal locations for residues from internal spray tank cleaning, and finally the understanding of pesticide spray drift occurrence in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The information was gathered through a questionnaire answered by participants of a rural extension program in application technology located in nineteen grain and fiber producing regions of Mato Grosso state. Among the mentioned adjuvants, 49.0% belonged to the mineral oil class and 17.9% of participants did not know the functions performed by such products. In addition, 58.5% of the participants discarded residues into the field. Among the participants who answered the question about spray drift occurrence causes, 54.1% indicated problems relating to inadequate weather conditions. In conclusion, there is a lack of knowledge on adjuvant functions, besides of inappropriate residue disposal in the state of Mato Grosso. Spray drift was referred as a problem; however, most of participants were not able to discuss the causes of these losses.
Access to medication in the Public Health System and equity: populational health surveys in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Monteiro Camila Nascimento , Gianini Reinaldo José , Barros Marilisa Berti de Azevedo , Cesar Chester Luiz Galvão , Goldbaum Moisés
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Since 2003, the access to medication has been increasing in Brazil and particularly in São Paulo. The present study aimed to analyze the access to medication obtained in the public sector and the socioeconomic differences in this access in 2003 and 2008. Also, we explored the difference in access to medication from 2003 to 2008. Method: Data were obtained from two cross-sectional population-based household surveys from São Paulo, Brazil (ISA-Capital 2003 and ISA-Capital 2008). Concentration curve and concentration index were calculated to analyze the associations between socioeconomic factors and access to medication in the public sector. Additionally, the differences between 2003 and 2008 regarding socioeconomic characteristics and access to medication were studied. Results: Access to medication was 89.55% in 2003 and 92.99% in 2008, and the proportion of access to medication did not change in the period. Access in the public sector increased from 26.40% in 2003 to 48.55% in 2008 and there was a decrease in the concentration index between 2003 and 2008 in access to medication in the public sector. Conclusions: The findings indicate an expansion of Brazilian Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde ) users, with the inclusion of people of higher socioeconomic position in the public sector. As the SUS gives more support to people of lower socioeconomic position in terms of medication provision, the SUS tends to equity. Nevertheless, universal coverage for medication and equity in access to medication in the public sector are still challenges for the Brazilian public health system.
Associação entre pré-natal e parto na rede de saúde suplementar e cesárea eletiva
Authors: Ferrari Anna Paula , Carvalhaes Maria Antonieta de Barros Leite , Parada Cristina Maria Garcia de Lima
Published: May 2016

RESUMO: Objetivo: Identificar fatores sociodemográficos, características e intercorrências gestacionais associadas à realização de cesárea eletiva. Métodos: Estudo transversal. De um total de 1.295 nascimentos ocorridos no primeiro semestre de 2012 no município de Botucatu, São Paulo, avaliados em um amplo estudo epidemiológico sobre morbimortalidade materna e infantil, o presente artigo compara mulheres que tiveram partos normais (n = 405) com as 214 submetidas à cesárea eletiva, definida como agendada, sem referência no prontuário hospitalar ou cartão de pré-natal de indicação absoluta ou relativa ou a qualquer motivo de ordem médica. Os dados foram obtidos dos registros hospitalares, cartão de pré-natal e entrevista com as mulheres, logo após o parto. Realizou-se análise univariada, avaliada pelo teste exato de Fisher ou χ2. Variáveis com p < 0,20 foram então agrupadas em três blocos e, mediante modelo de regressão logística múltiplo, hierarquizado, identificaram-se fatores associados à cesárea eletiva, considerando-se p < 0,05. Resultados: Variáveis sociodemográficas (idade ≥ 18 anos, escolaridade ≥ ensino médio, trabalho remunerado e viver com companheiro) associaram-se de modo independente à maior chance de cesárea eletiva. Independente destas, houve associação entre cesárea eletiva e local de pré-natal e parto, sendo maior a chance de nascimento por cesárea eletiva quando a mulher foi assistida na rede de saúde suplementar. Tomando como indicadores de condições socioeconômicas desfavoráveis baixa escolaridade, ter pagamento do pré-natal e parto pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), pode-se afirmar que houve associação entre cesárea eletiva e melhores condições socioeconômicas. Conclusão: São necessárias ações na rede suplementar para aproximar das recomendações internacionais a taxa global de cesáreas no município.
Estimativa de sequelas físicas em vítimas de acidentes de transporte terrestre internadas em hospitais do Sistema Único de Saúde
Authors: Andrade Silvânia Suely Caribé de Araújo , Jorge Maria Helena Prado de Mello
Published: May 2016

Resumo: Objetivos: Descrever o perfil das vítimas que foram internadas por lesões decorrentes de acidentes de transporte terrestre (ATT) e com diagnóstico sugestivo de sequelas físicas, no Brasil, de 2000 a 2013, e analisar sua tendência temporal neste período. Métodos: Estudo ecológico com dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS). Foi utilizada regressão de Prais-Winstein para estudo das tendências. Resultados: No período estudado, ocorreram 1.747.191 internações por ATT. O estudo destas identificou 410.448 pessoas (23,5%) com diagnóstico sugestivo de sequelas físicas. Destas, 77,7% eram do sexo masculino, 26,5% na faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos, 46,4% residentes na Região Sudeste, 32,5% pedestres e 31,1% motociclistas. Para sequela "certeza" foram observadas 51.189 casos (12,5%), 43,8% eram pedestres. Houve 359.259 internações cujo diagnóstico sugeria sequela física "provável", destes 43,3% eram motociclistas. A tendência foi de estabilidade para as internações por ATT relacionadas ao total de pacientes com sequelas físicas e com sequela "provável". Todavia, foi observado aumento nas internações por ATT com diagnóstico sugestivo de sequela "certeza" no sexo masculino e nas regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste. Conclusão: As internações com diagnóstico sugestivo de sequelas físicas representaram cerca de 1/4 das internações por ATT registradas. As maiores proporções foram no sexo masculino, entre os adultos jovens, residentes na região Sudeste e entre os pedestres. Houve estabilidade na tendência das taxas de internação por ATT com diagnóstico sugestivo de sequelas físicas para o Brasil e regiões, mas tendência ascendente para sequela "certeza" para a região Centro-Oeste e Norte e para o sexo masculino.
Hospitalização por acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico no Brasil: estudo ecológico sobre possível impacto do Hiperdia
Authors: Lopes Johnnatas Mikael , Sanchis Gerônimo José Bouzas , Medeiros Jovany Luiz Alves de , Dantas Fábio Galvão
Published: May 2016

RESUMO: Objetivo: O estudo avaliou a tendência de hospitalização por acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico (HAVEI) e a sua mortalidade hospitalar no Brasil nos últimos 15 anos, assim como o impacto do programa Hiperdia nesse cenário. Métodos: Delineou-se um estudo ecológico com abordagem analítica e dados coletados no Sistema de Internação Hospitalar sobre episódios de AVEI, referentes aos anos de 1998 a 2012. Todos os dados foram estratificados por sexo e faixa etária, criando-se um indicador para HAVEI e proporção de mortalidade hospitalar. A fim de estimar a tendência dos dados criou-se uma curva polinomial de melhor aderência e para a averiguar o impacto do Hiperdia aplicou-se o Modelo Linear Generalizado tomados como desfecho a HAVEI e a mortalidade hospitalar. Adotou-se um nível de significância de 5% para minimizar um erro tipo I. Resultados: Foi evidenciada redução das HAVEI de 37,57/105 habitantes em 1998 a 2001 para 10,33/105 habitantes em 2002 a 2005, declinando 73,64%. A redução aconteceu em ambos os sexos, assim como para todas as faixas etárias. A mortalidade hospitalar por AVEI também declinou no Brasil a partir de 2002, tanto em homens como em mulheres, porém em menos de 3% e apenas nas faixas entre 0 e 14 anos e acima de 80 anos não detectamos tendência. Conclusão: Portanto, o declínio das HAVEI coincidiu temporalmente com a implementação do Hiperdia no ano de 2002 e essa tendência se mantém até hoje.
Physical and chemical properties of starch and flour from different common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars
Authors: Marquezi Milene , Gervin Vanessa Maria , Watanabe Lucas Bertoldi , Bassinello Priscila Zaczuk , Amante Edna Regina
Published: May 2016

Summary The physical, chemical and pasting properties of the flour and isolated starches from six different bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were investigated in order to obtain information for application in new products. The protein and total starch contents of the bean flours ranged from 17.72 to 20.27% and from 39.68 to 43.78%, respectively. The bean starches had low amounts of proteins, lipids and ash and showed an amylose content ranging between 45.32 and 51.11% and absolute density values between 1.55 and 1.78 g.cm–3. The bean starch granules were round to oval with a smooth surface. Results viscoamylographic profiles of the starches and flours showed the possibility of selecting cultivars for specific applications according to these characteristics.