bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identités télévisuelles
Authors: Lafon Benoît
Published: January 2022

Confrontés à la multiplication des chaînes de télévision, les acteurs dits historiques (TF1, France Télévisions, Canal + et M6) ont développé des stratégies de marque à l’échelle non plus des chaînes mais des groupes. Cet article analyse ces stratégies en étudiant d’une part le design d’antenne et l’autopromotion de ces groupes (autopromotion croisée des chaînes sur leurs antennes et sur leurs médias délinéarisés MyTF1, France.tv, MyCanal, 6Play) et, d’autre part, en appréhendant les positionnements des directions de la marque des groupes télévisuels (entretiens avec des directeurs de la marque et artistiques desdits groupes, prises de position dans les médias lors d’événements promotionnels). Ce faisant, il apparaît que la programmation reste au cœur du média télévisuel, mais une programmation labellisée par la marque télévisuelle et étendue doublement : à l’échelle des groupes télévisuels, ainsi qu’en direction des médias délinéarisés en ligne édités ceux-ci. La communication de marque est désormais une tâche essentielle pour les groupes de télévision, visant à rendre identifiable le média télévisuel, tout comme à labelliser ses programmes en vue de leur valorisation, en linéaire et en ligne.
Les cérémonies Miss France, de la télévision à Twitter
Authors: Leveneur-Martel Laurence
Published: January 2022

Les commentaires numériques générés par les émissions de télévision sur Twitter font l’objet de plusieurs études depuis 2006 (Segado et al. , 2015). Miss France est l’un des programmes les plus commentés de la télévision française sur ce réseau social numérique. TF1 et la société de production Banijay développent autour de ce programme une communication très rodée. Grâce aux archives web mises à la disposition des chercheurs par l’Institut National de l’Audiovisuel, nous proposons dans cet article une analyse diachronique et sémio-pragmatique de ce phénomène, en nous appuyant sur un corpus d’émissions diffusées entre 2015 et 2019, ainsi que les tweets qui y sont relatifs. Notre analyse de ces contenus confirme que les pratiques qui se nouent autour de la télévision sociale s’institutionnalisent (Jeanne-Perrier, 2010) et que les différents « cercles » de commentateurs et leurs discours se cristallisent autour de postures récurrentes et rituelles.
L’hésitation vaccinale en France dans le contexte de la Covid-19. Une perspective comparatiste
Authors: Zielinska Anna C.
Published: January 2022

Tout au long de l’année 2020, le dialogue entre science, politique et médias a servi de toile de fond à la préparation du public au futur vaccin. Dans la suite de ce texte, il s’agira de montrer comment le discours des autorités publiques et des médias sur le futur vaccin a construit le phénomène d’hésitation vaccinale qui a été, ensuite, interprétée comme un obstacle quasiment insurmontable et une faute d’un public irrationnel. Après une brève présentation du contexte qui a permis l’élaboration exceptionnellement rapide des vaccins contre le virus sars-c o v- 2, le texte parlera du traitement médiatique (par les experts et par les journalistes) du développement de la recherche sur les nouveaux vaccins notamment en France. Il s’interrogera ensuite sur la variété de facteurs susceptibles de provoquer l’hésitation vaccinale, pour montrer son caractère contextuel, politique et donc à ce titre non définitif. Il se terminera par un appel à la prise au sérieux de la dimension politique et sociale de la recherche et de la production des vaccins dans un contexte de méfiance croissante à l’égard des institutions qui y sont associées.
Adjustable mode ratio and focus boost search strategy for cat swarm optimization
Authors: Tsai Pei-Wei ,   Swinburne University of Technology, Australia, Xue Xingsi , Zhang Jing , Istanda Vaci ,   Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Applications, FJUT, China,   Center for Information Development and Management, FJUT, China,   Fujian University of Technology (FJUT), China,   Indigenous Peoples Commission, Taipei City Government, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
Published: January 2022

Evolutionary algorithm is one of the optimization techniques. Cat swarm optimization (CSO)-based algorithm is frequently used in many applications for solving challenging optimization problems. In this paper, the tracing mode in CSO is modified to reduce the number of user-defined parameters and weaken the sensitivity to the parameter values. In addition, a mode ratio control scheme for switching individuals between different movement modes and a search boosting strategy are proposed. The obtained results from our method are compared with the modified CSO without the proposed strategy, the original CSO, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and differential evolution (DE) with three commonly-used DE search schemes. Six test functions from IEEE congress on evolutionary competition (CEC) are used to evaluate the proposed methods. The overall performance is evaluated by the average ranking over all test results. The ranking result indicates that our proposed method outperforms the other methods compared.
Stability of hyperbolic Oseledets splittings for quasi-compact operator cocycles
Authors: Crimmins Harry
Published: January 2022

We develop a random version of the perturbation theory of Gouëzel, Keller, and Liverani, and consequently obtain results on the stability of Oseledets splittings and Lyapunov exponents for operator cocycles. By applying the theory to the Perron-Frobenius operator cocycles associated to random \begin{document}$ \mathcal{C}^k $\end{document} expanding maps on \begin{document}$ S^1 $\end{document} (\begin{document}$ k \ge 2 $\end{document}) we provide conditions for the stability of Lyapunov exponents and Oseledets splitting of the cocycle under (ⅰ) uniformly small fiber-wise \begin{document}$ \mathcal{C}^{k-1} $\end{document}-perturbations to the random dynamics, and (ⅱ) numerical approximation via a Fejér kernel method. A notable addition to our approach is the use of Saks spaces, which allow us to weaken the hypotheses of Gouëzel-Keller-Liverani perturbation theory, provides a unifying framework for key concepts in the so-called 'functional analytic' approach to studying dynamical systems, and has applications to the construction of anisotropic norms adapted to dynamical systems.
Dynamical analysis of an iterative method with memory on a family of third-degree polynomials
Authors: Campos Beatriz ,   Instituto de Matemáticas y Aplicaciones de Castellón, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain, Cordero Alicia , Torregrosa Juan R. , Vindel Pura ,   Instituto de Matemática Multidisciplinar, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
Published: January 2022

Qualitative analysis of iterative methods with memory has been carried out a few years ago. Most of the papers published in this context analyze the behaviour of schemes on quadratic polynomials. In this paper, we accomplish a complete dynamical study of an iterative method with memory, the Kurchatov scheme, applied on a family of cubic polynomials. To reach this goal we transform the iterative scheme with memory into a discrete dynamical system defined on $ \mathbf{R}^2 $. We obtain a complete description of the dynamical planes for every value of parameter of the family considered. We also analyze the bifurcations that occur related with the number of fixed points. Finally, the dynamical results are summarized in a parameter line. As a conclusion, we obtain that this scheme is completely stable for cubic polynomials since the only attractors that appear for any value of the parameter, are the roots of the polynomial.
The risk assessment on the security of industrial internet infrastructure under intelligent convergence with the case of G.E.'s intellectual transformation
Authors: Zhao Jiang ,   Business School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China, Wu Dan ,   Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, Hangzhou 310018, China,   Keyi College of Sci-Tech University, Shaoxing 211131, China
Published: January 2022

The industrial internet depends on the development of cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and big data analysis. Intelligent fusion is dependent on the architecture and security features of the industrial internet. Firstly, the paper studies the infrastructure mode that needs to be solved urgently in the industrial internet and provides a possible infrastructure mode and related security evaluation system. Secondly, it analyses the digital transformation process with the case of G.E.os industrial nternet development practice. It clarifies that G.E. is forming a new value closed-loop through digital and strategy mixed channels. Thirdly, industrial internet security research is described within multiple viewpoints based on industrial internet applications, the security service and security assurance defense systemos architecture, and the non-user entrance probability model. Finally, the paper illustrates the changes in knowledge workflow and social collaboration caused by the industrial internet under intelligent manufacture.
Impact of coronary bifurcated vessels flow-diameter scaling laws on fractional flow reserve based on computed tomography images (FFRCT)
Authors: Li Na ,   College of Life Science and Chemistry, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China, Li Bao , Feng Yili , Ma Junling , Zhang Liyuan , Liu Jian , Liu Youjun ,   Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
Published: January 2022

Objective

To explore the influence of the blood flow-diameter scaling laws of $ \mathrm{Q}\mathrm{\alpha }{\mathrm{D}}^{3} $, $ \mathrm{Q}\mathrm{\alpha }{\mathrm{D}}^{2.7} $ and $ \text{Q}\alpha \text{D}{}^{7}\!\!\diagup\!\!{}_{3}\; $ on the numerical simulation of fraction flow reserve based on CTA images and to find the optimal exponents.

Methods

1) 26 patients with coronary artery disease were screened according to the inclusion criteria; 2) Microcirculation resistance (Rm) was calculated under the 3, 2.7 and 7/3 power of the flow-diameter scaling law, which were recorded as 3Rm, 2.7Rm and 7/3Rm, respectively; 3) 3Rm, 2.7Rm and 7/3Rm were used as exit boundary conditions to simulate FFRCT, quoted as 3FFRCT, 2.7FFRCT and 7/3FFRCT, respectively; 4) The correlation and diagnostic performance between three kinds of FFRCT and FFR were analyzed.

Results

The p-values of comparing 3Rm, 2.7Rm and 7/3Rm with FFR were 0.004, 0.005 and 0.010, respectively; the r value between 7/3FFRCT and FFR (0.96) was better than that of 3FFRCT (0.95) and 2.7FFRCT (0.95); the 95% LoA between 7/3FFRCT and FFR (-0.08~0.11) was smaller than that of 3FFRCT (-0.10~0.12) and 2.7FFRCT (-0.09~0.11); the AUC and accuracy of 7/3FFRCT [0.962 (0.805-0.999), 96.15%] were the same as those of 2.7FFRCT [0.962 (0.805-0.999), 96.15%] and better than those of 3FFRCT [0.944 (0.777-0.996), 92.3%]. The prediction threshold of 7/3FFRCT (0.791) was closer to 0.8 than that of 3FFRCT (0.816) and 2.7FFRCT (0.787).

Conclusion

The blood flow-diameter scaling law affects the FFRCT simulation by influencing the exit boundary condition Rm of the calculation. With $ Q\alpha D{}^{7}\!\!\diagup\!\!{}_{3}\; $, FFRCT had the highest diagnostic performance. The blood flow-diameter scaling law provides theoretical support for the blood flow distribution in the bifurcated vessel and improves the FFRCT model.
Transparency and collateral: Central versus bilateral clearing
Authors: Antinolfi Gaetano , Carapella Francesca , Carli Francesco
Published: January 2022

This paper studies the optimal clearing arrangement for bilateral financial contracts in which an assessment of counterparty credit risk is crucial for efficiency. The economy is populated by borrowers and lenders. Borrowers are subject to limited commitment and hold private information about the severity of such lack of commitment. Lenders can acquire information, at a cost, about the commitment of their borrowers, which affects the assessment of counterparty risk. Clearing through a central counterparty allows lenders to mutualize counterparty credit risk, but this insurance may weaken incentives to acquire and reveal information. If information acquisition is incentive‐compatible, then lenders choose central clearing. If it is not, they may prefer bilateral clearing either to prevent strategic default or to optimize the allocation of costly collateral.
Informed intermediaries
Authors: Onuchic Paula
Published: January 2022

I develop a theory of intermediation in a market where agents meet bilaterally to trade and buyers cannot commit to payments. Some agents observe the past trading history of traders in the market. These informed agents can secure trades by punishing traders who previously defaulted. The punishing strategy affects equilibrium prices and determines which trades are hindered by the risk of default. Intermediation is a robust equilibrium feature, generated by asymmetric punishing strategies that yield informed agents either more effective opportunities to trade or the ability to extract more surplus in trades.
Equilibrium contracts and boundedly rational expectations
Authors: Schumacher Heiner , Thysen Heidi Christina
Published: January 2022

We study a principal‐agent framework in which the agent forms beliefs about the principal's project based on a misspecified subjective model. She fits this model to the objective probability distribution to predict output under alternative actions. Misspecifications in the subjective model may lead to biased beliefs. However, under mild restrictions, the agent has correct beliefs on the equilibrium path so that the optimal contract is nonexploitative. This allows for a behavioral version of the informativeness principle: The optimal contract conditions on an additional variable only if it is informative about the action according to the agent's subjective model. We further characterize when misspecifications affect the optimal contract. One implication of this characterization is that the scope for belief biases depends on the agent's job, for example, her position in the hierarchy.
Notules sur le lexique arabe vernaculaire/semi-vernaculaire dans les Manāqib Abī l-Qāsim al-Misrātī de l’écrivain Ǧamāl al-dīn Muḥammad b. Ḫalaf al-Misrātī al-Qayrawānī (après 1035/1626)
Authors: Meouak Mohamed
Published: January 2022

[fr] Ces notules traitent de la question des données lexicales en arabe vernaculaire/semi-vernaculaire collectées dans les Manāqib Abī l-Qāsim al-Misrātī de l’écrivain Ǧamāl al-dīn Muḥammad b. Ḫalaf al-Misrātī al-Qayrawānī (après 1035/1626). On rappelle aux historiens et linguistes l’intérêt qu’il y aurait à étudier le matériel textuel en arabe vernaculaire/semi-vernaculaire de Tunisie-Libye au XIe/XVIIe siècle afin de contribuer à une meilleure connaissance de l’histoire sociale des habitudes linguistiques. Les informations sont exposées en écriture arabe et réparties en deux sections : lexique commun et formules composées/segments de phrases.
A POA Theory-based Network Teaching Mode for English Course in Higher Vocational College
Authors: Shu Jinrong
Published: January 2022

As the world economy develops quickly, more and more overseas-funded enterprises have swarmed into the markets of different countries. Therefore, English teaching is very essential because English is the main communication language. However, students in higher vocational colleges with poor English foundation, weak learning ability, and low enthusiasm and interest in English learning, seriously affecting students 'English practical ability and their employment. Despite the adoption of Internet information technology in some schools to carry out English teaching, the teaching content is limited to textbooks and instructed by single teaching methods, which is ineffective to improve students' English practical ability. In view of this, in order to enhance the English classroom teaching effect in higher vocational colleges, improve students’ English learning and practical ability, stimulate their interest in English learning and initiative, a POA (production-oriented approach) theory-based network teaching mode was introduced in this paper. Firstly, based on POA teaching theory, the application in English teaching in higher vocational college was analyzed, and then student independent learning evaluation system was designed using AHP. In order to promote students' autonomous learning, SPOC mode was also introduced to provide students with a wealth of learning resources. Practical teaching results have shown that the POA theory-based network teaching mode can yield significant effects on improving students’ English practical ability, stimulating students' interest and enthusiasm in English learning.
Research on the Relationship between Learning Engagement and Learning Completion of Online Learning Students
Authors: You Wenjing
Published: January 2022

With the deep integration of the Internet and education, new educational models, such as micro classrooms, large-scale open online courses, and flipped classrooms have gradually appeared. In the information age, online learning has become popular in most countries all over the world, especially in the face of public crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Online learning can effectively connect teachers and students through the Internet. However, the low participation and low cognitive level of e-learning also affect the quality of e-learning, which depends largely on the learning investment of students. Based on self-efficacy theory and exploratory community theory, this paper puts forward the hypothesis that students’ e-learning investment affects learning completion and tests the mediating effect of incorporating self-efficacy into students’ e-learning investment on learning completion. The results show that the Cronbach’s α coefficient is 0.968, which has high reliability. KMO value is 0.880, indicating that data information can be extracted effectively. The three aspects of students’ e-learning input (behavioral investment, cognitive input, and emotional input) constructed in this paper can significantly improve the learning completion level of students. The results of this study have positive value for understanding the advantages and disadvantages of e-learning, promoting the reform of e-learning methods in universities, and implementing e-learning strategies for students familiar with different e-learning years.
Squandermania or Nigerian urban renaissance? Houses, hotels and Nollywood in an African creative economy
Authors: Bud Alexander
Published: January 2022

Au cours des dernières décennies, le paysage igbo a été transformé par l’essor spectaculaire de gigantesques maisons et d’hôtels. Les spécialistes du développement et les commentateurs locaux ont réagi de manière cinglante, rejetant ce phénomène comme étant du gaspillage et un investissement peu productif. Cet article propose de réévaluer ceci en considérant ces formes de consommation à travers les nouveaux concepts d’« entrepreneuriat culturel » et de « scènes de consommation ». Il retrace la manière dont les entrepreneurs culturels ont relié les espaces des maisons et des hôtels à la production de Nollywood. Cette articulation – tantôt facile et complémentaire, tantôt conflictuelle et instable – a généré de nombreuses nouvelles pratiques. Celles-ci vont d’un nouveau style architectural populaire de la maison Nollywood à la transformation des maisons et des hôtels en infrastructure de localisation des films, en passant par une culture de stars facilitant les activités commerciales dans les bars d’hôtel, jusqu’à l’émergence de types d’espaces entièrement nouveaux mêlant de manière inédite les plateaux de tournage et les résidences. La conclusion introduit le concept de la « Renaissance urbaine nigériane » pour réfléchir aux implications économiques plus larges de cette dynamique créatrice.
Les entrepreneurs camerounais face aux pouvoirs publics. Querelles autour de « l’émergence »
Authors: Amougou Gérard
Published: January 2022

Le réengagement du gouvernement camerounais envers des politiques de planification du développement n’a pas débouché sur le rapprochement escompté avec les entrepreneurs nationaux. Alors que le développement du secteur privé et le subventionnement de l’entrepreneuriat national sont au centre du programme en vue de l’« émergence » à l’horizon 2035, la mise en œuvre de cette dernière montre surtout la prépondérance d’une élite politique soucieuse de sa propre préservation au détriment de la transformation structurelle de l’économie. Néanmoins, la résilience de certains entrepreneurs nationaux et leur aspiration à jouer un rôle central dans le secteur privé camerounais alimentent une querelle autour de la notion officielle de l’émergence, et qui informe le processus de formation de l’État.
CTA, state, donors and entrepreneur-brokers in Mozambique. A business environment reform?
Authors: Manhiça Anésio
Published: January 2022

Au cours des deux dernières décennies, les partenaires de l’aide multilatérale et bilatérale préconisent des réformes pour améliorer l’environnement des affaires dans les pays africains. Au Mozambique, depuis 1995, les bailleurs apportent leur soutien à des actions visant la promotion d’un groupe d’hommes et de femmes d’affaires nationaux supposé∙es capables de créer des synergies pour le développement national. L’article s’appuie sur six mois de recherches ethnographiques auprès de la Confederação das Associações Económicas de Moçambique (Confédération des associations économiques du Mozambique, CTA), menées dans la ville de Maputo et la province de Sofala entre 2018 et 2019. Alors que le processus de réforme de l’environnement des affaires au Mozambique s’est largement concentré sur les dimensions juridiques et administratives, cet article suggère que la réforme a négligé la question de l’accès au crédit, principale préoccupation de la majorité des entrepreneurs mozambicain∙es. De plus, dans le modèle actuel de Réformes de l’environnement des affaires promu par les bailleurs de l’aide internationale, la CTA apparaît comme une institution où les intérêts de l’élite dirigeante, des entrepreneurs et des bailleurs s’entremêlent, créant ainsi des opportunités pour les seules élites mozambicaines et le capital international et dont les retombées sur le reste de l’économie nationale sont faibles.
Les cheffes d’entreprise du Togo et la reproduction des hiérarchies politiques et sociales
Authors: Vampo Charlotte
Published: January 2022

L’article problématise le lien entre les entrepreneur·es, leurs associations et le changement social à partir de cheffes d’entreprise à Lomé réunies dans l’Association des femmes chefs d’entreprises du Togo (AFCET). Contrairement à la vision optimiste du changement par et dans le capitalisme, en vogue dans les discours néolibéraux des organisations internationales du développement ainsi que dans une partie de la recherche, il montre que ces entrepreneures favorisent la perpétuation des hiérarchies de classe, d’âge et parfois de genre, ainsi que le maintien du régime politique. L’AFCET apparaît comme un tremplin pour l’accumulation d’argent et de prestige, ainsi qu’un espace d’entre-soi social et familial qui permet la reproduction des ordres politiques et sociaux en place en même temps que la promotion de l’empowerment des femmes.
Les dispositifs éducatifs humanitaires. Faire l’école dans les interstices des États-nations
Authors: Fresia Marion , Känel Andreas von , Perret-Clermont Anne-Nelly
Published: January 2022

Le financement et la gestion de structures éducatives dans des contextes qualifiés d’urgence, de conflit ou de post-conflit font désormais partie intégrante des programmes humanitaires. Au-delà d’une vision idéalisée de l’éducation appréhendée comme « droit » ou instrument de « protection », cet article étudie la manière dont les dispositifs éducatifs humanitaires établis dans des camps de réfugié∙es contribuent à asseoir la norme scolaire dans les interstices des États-nations, tout en étant étroitement liés à des politiques de contrôle de la mobilité humaine. En prenant pour cas d’étude les écoles des camps de réfugié∙es congolais∙es (Rwanda, Tanzanie) coordonnées par le Haut Commissariat des Nations unies pour les réfugiés (HCR), nous analysons les registres de légitimation au travers desquels elles sont mises en place, et la manière dont les modalités de leur gouvernance sont à la fois négociées au quotidien et appréhendées par les élèves. De cette analyse ressortent diverses tensions qui caractérisent les usages de ces écoles. Celles-ci excluent et incluent simultanément les élèves de l’ordre social dominant, les construisent comme des victimes tout en les projetant comme de futur∙es citoyen·nes, et participent à (re)produire les conditions de leur encampement tout en favorisant certaines mobilités socio-spatiales.
An Intelligent System for Parkinson's Diagnosis Using Hybrid Feature Selection Approach
Authors: Lamba Rohit , Gulati Tarun , Jain Anurag
Published: January 2022

Parkinson’s is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease which adversely affects the nervous system of the patients. During the nascent stage, the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are mild and sometimes go unnoticeable but as the disease progresses the symptoms go severe, so its diagnosis at an early stage is not easy. Recent research has shown that changes in speech or distortion in voice can be taken effectively used for early Parkinson’s detection. In this work, the authors propose a system of Parkinson's disease detection using speech signals. As the feature selection plays an important role during classification, authors have proposed a hybrid MIRFE feature selection approach. The result of the proposed feature selection approach is compared with the 5 standard feature selection methods by XGBoost classifier. The proposed MIRFE approach selects 40 features out of 754 features with a feature reduction ratio of 94.69%. An accuracy of 93.88% and area under curve (AUC) of 0.978 is obtained by the proposed system.
An Improved Random Forest Based on Feature Selection and Feature Weighting for Case Retrieval in CBR Systems
Authors: Tarchoune Ilhem , Djebbar Akila , Merouani Hayet Farida , Hadji Doha
Published: January 2022

: The medical diagnostic process works very similarly to the Case Based Reasoning (CBR) cycle scheme. CBR is a problem solving approach based on the reuse of past experiences called cases. To improve the performance of the retrieval phase, a Random Forest (RF) model is proposed, in this respect we used this algorithm in three different ways (three different algorithms): Classic Random Forest (CRF) algorithm, Random Forest with Feature Selection (RF_FS) algorithm where we selected the most important attributes and deleted the less important ones and Weighted Random Forest (WRF) algorithm where we weighted the most important attributes by giving them more weight. We did this by multiplying the entropy with the weight corresponding to each attribute.We tested our three algorithms CRF, RF_FS and WRF with CBR on data from 11 medical databases and compared the results they produced. We found that WRF and RF_FS give better results than CRF. The experiemental results show the performance and robustess of the proposed approach.
Information Extraction From the Agricultural and Weather Domains Using Deep Learning Approaches
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Hanumat Sastry G.  , Marriboyina Venkatadri
Published: January 2022

India is an agricultural region and the economy of the country depends upon agriculture. Change in climatic parameters (like rainfall, soil, etc) directly affect the growth of crops. This parameter has an unswerving effect on the quantity of food production. Information extraction from the agricultural domain through rainfall prediction has been one of the most challenging issues around the world in recent years because of climatic changes. To evaluate the feasibility of rain by employing some data analytics and machine learning techniques are developed. This paper proposes an enhanced deep learning-based approach known as Deep Regression Network (DRN). The proposed DRN is a 6-layer deep neural network. The proposed algorithm trains and tests on the agricultural corpus, collected from Dehradun (India) region. The experimental outcomes state that the proposed DRN method attained a prediction accuracy approx 86.56%. The comparative analysis shows that the proposed method outperformed existing methods like Ensemble Neural Network, Naïve Bayes, KNN, and Weighted Self-Organizing Map.
Concise Clinical Review of Hematologic Toxicity of Linezolid in Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Role of Mitochondria
Authors: Oehadian Amaylia , Santoso Prayudi , Menzies Dick , Ruslami Rovina
Published: January 2022

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is caused by an organism that is resistant to both rifampicin and isoniazid. Extensively drug-resistant TB, a rare type of MDR-TB, is caused by an organism that is resistant to quinolone and one of group A TB drugs (i.e., linezolid and bedaquiline). In 2018, the World Health Organization revised the groupings of TB medicines and reclassified linezolid as a group A drug for the treatment of MDR-TB. Linezolid is a synthetic antimicrobial agent in the oxazolidinone class. Although linezolid has a good efficacy, it can cause substantial adverse events, especially hematologic toxicity. In both TB infection and linezolid mechanism of action, mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role. In this concise review, characteristics of linezolid as an anti-TB drug are summarized, including its efficacy, pathogenesis of hematologic toxicity highlighting mitochondrial dysfunction, and the monitoring and management of hematologic toxicity.
Choriocarcinoma in Post-Menopausal Women- 3 Case Reports with Review of Literature
Authors: Baruah Upasana , Jethani Roma , Barmon Debabrata , Begum Dimpy , Liegise Haelom , Nandwani Megha
Published: January 2022

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia is of uncommon occurrence in postmenopausal women, unlike in the reproductive age group. The diagnosis is based on levels of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in serum. The management is similar to that in premenopausal women. First case, fifty-two-year-old, P8 L4A3 postmenopausal female, presented with postmenopausal bleeding. Diagnosis of choriocarcinoma was made in view of raised serum betah-CG levels with uterine lesion with lung metastasis. The patient started on Multi-agent chemotherapy. The patient succumbed to death due to Grade III hematological toxicity while on the first cycle of the EMA/CO regimen. Second case, forty-two-year-old, P2 L2, postmenopausal, with a history of Choriocarcinoma 20 years, back presented with postmenopausal bleeding. After metastatic workup, the patient started on EMACO regimen. She is asymptomatic and on regular follow-up after 8 cycles of chemotherapy. Third case, forty-seven-year-old, P4 L4, postmenopausal, presented with histopathology report suggestive of choriocarcinoma after hysterectomy. After evaluation, lung metastasis was detected. The patient responded to eight cycles to Multi-agent chemotherapy and is on regular follow-up. Choriocarcinoma is a rare gynecological malignancy in postmenopausal women. High index of suspicion is required for its diagnosis. The prognosis of the disease is not encouraging as compared to the premenopausal woman
Postmenopausal Bleeding as a Late Sequela of Pelvic Fracture
Authors: Agrawal Neha , Ghuman Navdeep Kaur , Singh Pratibha , Kathuria Priyanka , Banerjee Sumit , Garg Pawan Kumar , Rai Ankit
Published: January 2022

Postmenopausal bleeding is one of the common presenting complaints in the gynecological outpatient department. The common causes of which are atrophic endometritis, vaginitis, estrogen therapy, cancer endometrium, and cancer cervix. Hereby, we present a rare case of a 65-year-old female presented with postmenopausal bleeding who had history of trauma 1 year back with pelvic bone fracture. The cause of postmenopausal bleeding, in this case, is abnormal bony protrusion secondary to malunited pelvic fracture causing laceration of the right lateral vaginal wall. The case was managed by local osteotomy and vaginal wall repair.
An optimal transport formulation of the Einstein equations of general relativity
Authors: Mondino Andrea , Suhr Stefan
Published: January 2022

The goal of the paper is to give an optimal transport formulation of the full Einstein equations of general relativity, linking the (Ricci) curvature of a space-time with the cosmological constant and the energy-momentum tensor. Such an optimal transport formulation is in terms of convexity/concavity properties of the Boltzmann–Shannon entropy along curves of probability measures extremizing suitable optimal transport costs. The result gives a new connection between general relativity and optimal transport; moreover, it gives a mathematical reinforcement of the strong link between general relativity and thermodynamics/information theory that emerged in the physics literature of the last years.
Phenotypic characteristics and Gene Frequency of the Banyo Gudali zebu (Bos indicus) variety in the high Guinean Savannah zone of Cameroon
Authors: Nsangou A.S. , Meutchieye F. , Manchang T.K. , Bah G.S.
Published: January 2022

This study is aimed at evaluating the phenptypic and genetic diversity of local cattle breeds in Cameroon. To this end, biometric data were collected randomly in six (6) localities of the Mayo-Banyo Division, on a sample of 321 adult Banyo Gudali zebu cattle (234 cows and 87 bulls) aged between 6 and 16 years and having a body condition score varying from 2 to 4. Results reveal a variability of the coat color i.e., 19,00% white coat and its derivatives (speckled, stoat, grey, truiture); 9.99% black coat and its derivatives (black list and black piebald); 18.06% piebald (4.67% black piebald and 13.39 red piebald); 52.94% red and its derivatives (red piebald and red list). The single-colored coats are less represented (38.94%)compared to double-colored coats (61.06%). The frequency of alleles S+, D, ED, Aa, E+, s, A+, e and P are respectively 0.315; 0.201; 0.140; 0.267; 0.859; 0.685; 0.733; 0.386 and 1.000. There is a predominance of white-black horns (50.2%) over grey horns (42.4%). This population is characterized by long hairs, straight-edged ears oriented laterally and with humps occupying a cervico-thoracic position. The facial and back profiles are straight. The neck has a horizontal curved profile, the rump with a low set tail. Crescent shaped horns predominate (73,5%) followed by the horns in low lyre (15,9%) with the other shapes (stump, lateral pointed tip, crown and asymmetrical deformed right or left) being the least represented. The raised horns (92.5%) are predominant. Erect and moderate humps (86.6%) are dominant over drooping ones (13.4%).
Psychospiritual impact of COVID-19: Africentric Perspectives
Authors: Tchombe Therese Mungah Shalo
Published: January 2022

This study sought to find out the psychospiritual impact of COVID-D as a result of the imposition of preventive measures. The study was carried out in the Mezam Division of the North West Region of Cameroon. A mixed research approach was used for the study with the aid of a questionnaire and an interview guide. A convenient sampling technique was chosen for the study based on the availability of the 50 respondents chosen for the study, using the snowball technique. The results of the study reveal that the most acceptable preventive measures that people complied to were personal hygiene (100%), taking of African traditional concoction treatments (100%) and prayers to God (100%). Psychologically, 60% of the respondents expressed symptoms of anxiety, while 30% expressed symptoms for stress and 20% expressed symptoms of depression. Spiritually, all 50 respondents (100%) indicated that their spiritual activities have been disrupted by the pandemic, which poses a real problem for an African oriented society where religion and spiritual activities are common. In conclusions, it was evident that psychospiritual dissonance including mixed and faulty beliefs on those claiming to provide solutions complicated peoples’ understanding of the realities of the situations.
COVID-19 Response: The case for Phytomedicines in Africa with particular focus on Cameroon
Authors: Titanji Vincent PK
Published: January 2022

Despite enormous efforts deployed and considerable positive results obtained in the global fight against the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) the scourge remains a major international public health hazard. The main control measures at the onset consisted in the application of barrier and hygiene measures to stop the spread of the virus and case identification and clinical management of symptoms in the absence of widely available anti-COVOD-19 drugs. Vaccination as a major control measure became widely available in the advanced countries of the global north, but not in Africa where less than 5-10% 0f the population are vaccinated against COVID-19. However, African countries, possibly excluding South Africa, have been less impacted by COVID-19 pandemic as they registered fewer cases, hospitalizations and deaths. Herein it is postulated that the wide use of African traditional Phytomedicines (herbal medicines) has contributed, at least in part, to the better control of the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa. Abundant evidence in the literature suggests the availability of anti-viral, anti-oxidant and immune-stimulatory agents in the proposed COVID-19 herbal remedies., these activities being similar to those the standard drugs used in the standard treatment/ management of COVID-19. The review also examines a number of COVID-19 herbal medicines including COVID Organics CVO (Madagascar) ADSAR, ELISIR COVID, COROCUR (Cameroon) IHP Detox Tea (Nigeria) and COVIDEX (Uganda) and notes that though approved by the competent authorities in the respective African countries, these phytomedicines have not been approved by the WHO. It is proposed that additional studies be carried out to validate the Africa herbal remedies for possible use as stand-alone or complementary treatment of COVID-19 in addition to vaccination and barrier and hygiene control measures.
Prevalence of Dental Caries, its Associated Risk Factors and Treatment Needs among School Aged Children at Kimironko II Primary School, Kigali, Rwanda
Authors: Uwayezu Donat , Uwambaye Peace , Uwitonze Anne Marie , Murererehe Julienne , Nzabonimana Emmanuel , Ineza Marie Claire , Ingabire Harelimana Eliane , Usiel Nsabimana Usiel Nsabimana , Singh Deeva , Nizeyimana Emma , Nshimiyimana Eugene , Muhawenimana Joselyne , Tuyibuke Rene , Ntigura Eustache , Gatarayiha Agnes
Published: January 2022

BackgroundDental caries is still a health problem worldwide, its prevalence and incidence are associated with various factors like age, sex, social status, dietary patterns and oral hygiene habits.MethodologyA Secondary data collected from outreaches done by UR CMHS, School of Dentistry at Kimironko II Primary School was analyzed. This secondary data had been obtained using structured questionnaires with close ended questions. Clinical examination had also been done to gather information. SPSS statistical software package version 22 was used to analyse data from Community outreach done at Kimironko Primary School in August 2019.ResultsThe prevalence of dental caries of 42.4% was found among children aged 6-12 years old of Kimironko II Primary School. The researchers found the following to be statistically significantly associated with prevalence of dental caries: gender (p=0.042), dental visits (p=0.001), and use of chew sticks or miswaks (p=0.041). Females were 1.4 times more likely to develop dental caries (OR: 1.462; 95% CI: 1.16-2.017; p=0.021) and children who did not use toothpick were 2 times more likely to develop dental caries (OR: 2.149; 95%CI: 1.251-4.395; p=0.036), whereas visiting a dental practitioner was protective against dental caries (OR: 0.362, 95% CI: 0.251-0.516; p=0.001).ConclusionDental caries is prevalent among children of Kimironko II Primary School. Appropriate preventive measures should be taken to protect those found to be exposed.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2021;4(3):341-346
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of ligustilide on sepsis-induced acute kidney injury via TLR4/NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling
Authors: Yang Xiumin , Qiao Chencai , Zheng Chao , Deng Qingjun
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of ligustilide on sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and the signaling pathways involved.Methods: Sepsis-induced AKI was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in mice. Histopathological renal damage was examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining while creatinine and cytokines were measured using commercial kits. Protein levels were determined by Western blotting.Results: Vacuoles, dilations, degeneration, and necrosis were observed in CLP mouse kidneys, but these alterations were countered by 20 mg/kg of ligustilide. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were significantly increased in CLP mice compared with control. Furthermore, the serum levels of these indicators in serum were lowered by ligustilide (p < 0.01). The expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) TLR4 and phosphorylated nuclear factor (NF)-κB in CLP mice were also downregulated by ligustilide. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels increased in CLP mice, but were attenuated by ligustilide (p < 0.01). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels decreased in CLP mice but were increased by ligustilide (p < 0.01). Increased expression of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were observed in CLP mice, and were further enhancced by ligustilide.Conclusion: Ligustilide exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on sepsis-induced AKI via TLR4/NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways.

Keywords: Ligustilide, Sepsis, Acute kidney injury, TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway
Downregulation of FOXO4 promotes neuronal survival by mediating oxidative-stress–induced apoptosis after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Deng Chunying , Zhang Peilan , Zhang Yun
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To investigate the effect of FOXO4 on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CIR) injury and the underlying mechanism.Methods: An in vitro ischemia/reperfusion (IR) model was achieved using oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Expression of RNA and protein was determined using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting, respectively. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined using MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Commercial kits were used to measure lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD).Results: Following OGD/R, FOXO4 mRNA and protein expressions were upregulated in SH-SY5H human neuroblastoma cells. ODG/R reduced cell proliferation and increased the proportion of apoptotic cells, and these effects were inhibited by knockdown of FOXO4 (p < 0.05). Levels of cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) were increased after ODG/R and these increaseswere inhibited by FOXO4 knockdown. ROS content and levels of LDH and MDA were increased after ODG/R and decreased by knockdown of FOXO4 (p < 0.05). Levels of CAT and SOD were reduced after ODG/R, and this reduction was reversed by knockdown of FOXO4 (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The results demonstrate that knockdown of FOXO4 promotes cell proliferation and inhibits cellular apoptosis via reduction of oxidative stress after CIR injury, indicating a new therapeutic target for the treatment of CIR injury.

Keywords: FOXO4, Neuronal survival, Oxidative stress, Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury
Neuroprotective effects of crude extract of Crataegus songarica on a rat model of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Gao Xueliang , Wang Zhao , Jia Peilei , Zhao Yapeng , Wang Kai , Li Puyang , Cheng Jianye , Qin Lipeng , Fu Zengbin
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of Crataegus songarica extract (CSCE) against traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats, and the underlying mechanism of action.

Methods: A rat model of TBI was established via tracheal intubation procedure, and the rats were treated with graded doses of CSCE. Neuronal survival was determined by Nissl staining, while neuronal apoptosis was measured using TUNEL-staining. Neurological impairments were determined based on neurological severity score (NSS).

Results: Treatment of TBI rats with CSCE enhanced neuronal survival and decreased TUNEL-positive cell fraction in the brain cortex. The treatment prevented elevation of NSS and suppressed mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in brain cortex. Moreover, CSCE treatment prevented TBI-mediated suppression of activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and attenuated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in TBI rat brain cortex. Treatment of TBI rats with CSCE down-regulated NF-κB expression, increased Nrf2 expression and up-regulated mRNA expressions of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1).

Conclusion: These results suggest that CSCE prevents TBI-mediated reduction in neuronal survival and inhibits brain cortical neuronal death in rats. It improves NSS and inhibits inflammatory response via activation of Nrf2 pathway and targeting of NF-κB expression. Therefore, CSCE is a potential therapeutic agent for TBI.
Effect of diosmetin on young rats with high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Zhang Guoying , Yan Yuewu , Feng Xujiao
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To determine the effect of diosmetin on young, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) rats.

Methods: Five groups of SD rats were used: control group, high-fat diet group, low-dose diosmetin group, medium-dose diosmetin group, and high-dose diosmetin group, each with 10 rats. After 3 months, interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β) and TNF-α) were assayed. Protein expressions of p-AMPKα, CPT-1 and PPAR-α, AMPKα, SREBP-1c and FAS were assayed.

Results: In the high-fat diet group, the levels of p-AMPKα, CPT-1 and PPAR-α were lower than the corresponding control values, while p-AMPKα, CPT-1 and PPAR-α levels were dose-dependently higher in all diosmetin groups than in NAFLD group (p < 0.05). There were higher levels of SREBP-1c and FAS in the high-fat diet group than in control group, while SREBP-1c and FAS levels in all diosmetin groups were dose-dependently lower than the corresponding levels in NAFLD group. Serum IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels in NAFLD group were raised, relative to control values (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Diosmetin alleviates NAFLD lesions induced by high-fat diet, slows down liver cell apoptosis, and inhibits inflammation via activation of AMPK pathway. Thus, diosmetin has potentials for use in the repair of hepatic damage induced by high-fat diet.