bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
All in the party family? Comparing far right voters in Western and Post-Communist Europe
Authors: Allen Trevor J
Published: July 2015

Scholarship on far right parties in Post-Communist Europe has borrowed findings and analytical frameworks from studies on the Western European far right. Similarly, studies on Western European far right parties have increasingly referenced instances of far right success in post-communist states. These parties are similar in their Euroskepticism and exclusionary populism. However, little work has compared voters for the far right between regions. Different political opportunity structures have consequences for far right voter profiles in four important respects. First, the linkage between anti-immigrant attitudes and far right support is stronger in Western Europe. Second, far right voters in Western Europe are less religious than their post-communist counter-parts. Third, post-communist far right voters are economic leftists, whereas rightist attitudes toward income redistribution slightly predict a far right vote in Western Europe. Finally, far right voters in Western Europe are more satisfied with democracy as a regime type.
Evaluation of telemedicine centres in Madhya Pradesh, Central India
Authors: Bali Surya , Gupta Arti , Khan Asif , Pakhare Abhijit
Published: July 2015

In a developing country such as India, there is substantial inequality in health care distribution. Telemedicine facilities were established in Madhya Pradesh in 2007–2008. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the infrastructure, equipment, manpower, and functional status of Indian Space and Research Organisation (ISRO) telemedicine nodes in Madhya Pradesh. All district hospitals and medical colleges with nodes were visited by a team of three members. The study was conducted from December 2013–January 2014. The team recorded the structural facility situation and physical conditions on a predesigned pro forma. The team also conducted interviews with the nodal officers, data entry operator and other relevant people at these centres. Of the six specialist nodes, four were functional and two were non-functional. Of 10 patient nodes, two nodes were functional, four were semi-functional and four were non-functional. Most of the centres were not working due to a problem with their satellite modem. The overall condition of ISRO run telemedicine centres in Madhya Pradesh was found to be poor. Most of these centres failed to provide telemedicine consultations. We recommend replacing this system with another cost effective system available in the state wide area network (SWAN). We suggest the concept of the virtual out-patient department.
Introduction: Guiding the pilgrim
Authors: Mesaritou Evgenia , Coleman Simon , Eade John
Published: July 2015

Drawing on existing research in the fields of pilgrimage and tourism studies, the introduction to this special issue reviews the ways in which guiding has been theorized and explored within the two fields, therefore putting them in dialogue with one another. Presenting guiding as a form of mediation, the authors construct a theoretical framework for the analysis of pilgrimage and guiding through adapting Eade and Sallnow’s (2000 [1991]) analytical triad of person, place and text. Arguing that person, place and text may fruitfully be seen as embedded in notions and practices of mediation, they explore (a) how such mediation involves forms of ideologically charged framing, editing, concealment and revelation, through which different and often competing accounts of pilgrimage journeys, destinations, and experiences are produced, and (b) the sources of legitimation of the various forms of guiding present in the fields of pilgrimage and travel, as well as their effects on journeys, participants, and destinations.
An evaluation of a Singing for the Brain pilot with people with a learning disability and memory problems or a dementia
Authors: Ward Alison R , Parkes Jacqueline
Published: July 2015

This paper presents the findings from a pilot project introducing Singing for the Brain into care centres with people with a learning disability and a form of dementia or memory problem. Through participant observations, patient and staff feedback, there was strong support for the use of Singing for the Brain with this client group, with participants reporting high levels of enjoyment and engagement in the sessions. The potential for these sessions to support communication, memory, social engagement and choice was reported by staff and participants. Whilst anecdotal reports also suggested the sessions had a positive impact on elevating mood over a sustained period of time. The pilot sessions are discussed in reference to the regular sessions run for people with dementia and comparisons drawn across the two approaches. Further evidence is required to understand the potential impact on participant’s well-being from attending these sessions.
The Louis–Schmelling Paradox and the League Standing Effect Reconsidered
Authors: Humphreys Brad R. , Zhou Li
Published: July 2015

Fifty years on we examine two key propositions in Neale’s “Peculiar Economics”: The need for competitors in sport to have opponents of similar ability in order to earn large revenues and the effect of frequent changes sports leagues’ standings on consumer demand. We develop a consumer choice model under uncertainty, and a structural econometric model, to motivate and test these ideas. Unfortunately, neither receives much empirical or theoretical support relative to alternative factors affecting consumer choice like loss aversion and home win preference.
Development of the Nurse Practitioner Standards for Practice Australia
Authors: Cashin Andrew , Buckley Thomas , Donoghue Judith , Heartfield Marie , Bryce Julianne , Cox Darlene , Waters Donna , Gosby Helen , Kelly John , Dunn Sandra V.
Published: July 2015

This article describes the context and development of the new Nurse Practitioner Standards for Practice in Australia, which went into effect in January 2014. The researchers used a mixed-methods design to engage a broad range of stakeholders who brought both political and practice knowledge to the development of the new standards. Methods included interviews, focus groups, surveys, and work-based observation of nurse practitioner practice. Stakeholders varied in terms of their need for detail in the standards. Nonetheless, they invariably agreed that the standards should be clinically focussed attributes. The pillars common in many advanced practice nursing standards, such as practice, research, education, and leadership, were combined and expressed in a new and unique clinical attribute.
A Legislature or a Legislator Like Me? Citizen Demand for Collective and Dyadic Political Representation
Authors: Harden Jeffrey J. , Clark Christopher J.
Published: July 2015

American politics scholars have long distinguished between legislature-level “collective” and legislator-level “dyadic” representation. However, most research on these concepts focuses on elite-level outcomes (e.g., policy output or roll-call behavior), and whether one or both forms leads to the representation of citizen interests. Less is known about the demand side of the relationship—whether constituents prefer collective or dyadic representation. Yet the citizen perspective is critical to both scholarly and normative discussions of representation. Through a novel survey experiment administered to national samples of Americans, we examine citizen preferences for collective and dyadic representation with respect to two important social identities: race and political partisanship. We posit that citizens prefer collective over dyadic representation because collective representation provides better representation of constituents’ interests via substantive and symbolic benefits. We show results that support this expectation, and then conclude by discussing the implications for scholarly and normative understandings of representation in American politics.
A method for regulating strong nonlinear vibration energy of the flexible arm
Authors: Bian Yushu , Wang Ming , Gao Zhihui , Yuan Baofeng , Fan Ming
Published: July 2015

For an oscillating system, large amplitude indicates strong vibration energy. In this article, modal interaction is used as a useful means to regulate strong nonlinear vibration energy of the flexible arm undergoing rigid motion. A method is put forward to migrate and dissipate vibration energy based on modal interaction. By means of multiple-scale perturbation analysis, it is proven that internal resonance can be successfully established between modes of the flexible arm and the vibration absorber. Through examples and analyses, it is verified that this control method is effective in regulating strong vibration energy and can be used to suppress strong nonlinear vibration of the flexible arm undergoing rigid motion.
Modulation of acute phase parameters of inflammation by probiotics in albino rats
Authors: Gheith Ibtsam M , Ozbak Hani A , Hemeg Hassan A , El-Mahmoudy AbuBakr M
Published: July 2015

We investigated the effect of the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus on acute phase parameters in infected animals and to evaluate its possible use as alternative to replace the classical anti-inflammatory drugs as a trial to avoid the side effect of these drugs and its disadvantages. Forty albino rats were divided into four groups, group A was given saline orally and kept as normal-control rats, group B was orally given Lactobacillus acidophilus at a dose regimen of 108 CFU/day and kept as normal-treated rats for 6 weeks, group C was experimentally infected with Salmonella typhimurium (0.2 mL of 1.5 × 108 CFU/mL) and received saline orally to be kept as diseased-control rats, while group D was orally given Lactobacillus acidophilus (108 CFU/day) for 6 weeks and experimentally infected with Salmonella typhimurium and kept as diseased-treated rats. Results of group D revealed significant decrease in ESR, fibrinogen, TIBC, UIBC, and ceruloplasmin, especially on the 34th day post infection. On the other hand, significant increase in total proteins, albumin, total iron, and transferrin saturation percentage was revealed, when compared with group C. These data indicate that the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus may alter acute phase proteins after infection and significantly reduce the degree of inflammation.
Lost and Gained in Translation: The Role of the ‘American Model’ in the Institution-Building of a Japanese University Press
Authors: Sato Ikuya , Haga Manabu , Yamada Mamoru
Published: July 2015

This paper presents a case study of the early history of the University of Tokyo Press (UTP), which was founded in 1951 as the first university press affiliated with a national university in Japan. We concentrate on how the American model of university publishing was used in inventive and creative ways, not only to build up and manage the UTP but also to create and solidify the emerging institution of university press publishing in Japan. Drawing upon the ideas of Scandinavian institutionalist school of organizational analysis, we contend that a certain ‘translation’ of an existing organizational model often constitutes an integral part of institutional entrepreneurship. We also argue that the process of institutional translation is inseparably related to the UTP members’ search for workable missions and organizational identity within financial and institutional constraints. The UTP case suggests that to be a successful institutional entrepreneur, one has to be an effective rhetor as well.
Fairy Liquid® consumption: squeaky clean or deadly serious?
Authors: Bickley James
Published: July 2015

Fairy Liquid® is a detergent used daily throughout the United Kingdom. Currently, Toxbase suggests ingestion only causes nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea; however, we report a patient who developed multi-organ failure following a large ingestion and subsequent aspiration of Fairy Liquid.
Temporal Dynamics of Emotional Processing in the Brain
Authors: Waugh Christian E. , Shing Elaine Z. , Avery Brad M.
Published: July 2015

Emotion theorists have long held that a fundamental characteristic of an emotion is how its constituent processes change and interact over time. Assessing these temporal dynamics of emotion in the brain is critical for understanding the neural representation of emotions as well as advancing theories of emotional processing. We review the neuroimaging research on three temporal dynamic features of emotion: time of onset, duration, and resurgence and show how assessing these temporal dynamics in the brain have led to improved understanding of the structure and function of emotional processes such as revealing which appraisals come first, how emotional processing endures both explicitly and implicitly, and that the resurgence of emotional processing may consist of either single or multiple processes.
Emotional Dynamics in Intimate Relationships
Authors: Schoebi Dominik , Randall Ashley K.
Published: July 2015

Forming intimate relationships is a fundamental human motive. Emotions play a critical role in intimate relationships—they are central to the development and maintenance of these bonds, and these very bonds can influence both individual and interpersonal emotional dynamics across time. Investigating emotional dynamics in an interpersonal context provides unique insight into the functioning of intimate relationships and, at the same time, provides a window into the interdependence of partners’ daily experiences. Reviewing a selection of the literature involving emotional dynamics in intimate relationships, we explore how intimate relationships shape partner’s emotional experiences and the implications this may have for their relationship across time.
Atherosclerosis in psoriatic disease: latest evidence and clinical implications
Authors: Eder Lihi , Gladman Dafna D.
Published: July 2015

It is widely accepted that atherosclerosis is caused by chronic low-grade inflammation that results from an interaction between immune mechanisms and metabolic abnormalities within the vessel wall. Population-based studies have found an increased cardiovascular risk in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). This risk is higher in patients with severe disease phenotypes, such as those with severe psoriasis and with musculoskeletal inflammation. Higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers also predict the development of clinical cardiovascular events in these patients. The effect of medications used for PsA on cardiovascular risk is limited to observational studies. Antitumor necrosis factor agents and methotrexate have been associated with reduced cardiovascular risk. These data highlight the importance of screening for cardiovascular risk factors in these patients.
Guattari
Authors: Gerlach Joe , Jellis Thomas
Published: July 2015

In the midst of a certain zeal for ‘French Theory’ in human geography and the social sciences of late, there has been something of a rush to operationalize Guattari (among others) in a pseudo-methodological manner; something we’re unashamedly guilty of ourselves. It’s easy to see why: journeying between cartography, metamodelisation, tracing, transversality, enunciation and diagramming, Guattari offers a seductive array of concepts and philosophical tools for human geographers. There seems, however, to be a disjuncture between the conceptual import of such terms and their empirical rendering. In this explicitly experimental article, we want to open up a series of lines of flight as to how Guattari can inform empiricism without reversion to straightforward application or metaphorical appropriation. In doing so, we offer a number of speculations on how Guattari’s work can be evoked in the crafting of a different tenor of well-established geographical methods. Put differently, we want to accentuate the impracticality of Guattari’s philosophy as its most generative vector for human geographic thought and technique.
A lovesick note to the impractical
Authors: Gerlach Joe , Jellis Thomas
Published: July 2015

In this brief response we thank the commentators for their provocations, give-in to a certain lovesickness, sing-a-long with Alanis Morisette and conclude with a little tender contempt.
Guattari, ideology and the ironies of theoretical (im)practice
Authors: Saldanha Arun
Published: July 2015

At a time of general crisis and continuing Anglophone depoliticization of ‘French Theory’, it is crucial to affirm the affinities of Guattari with Marxism, including with Althusser. The particular uptake of Guattari in geography is submitted here to a critique by focusing on a series of ironies, which index the deliberately anti-Marxist habits of certain corners of our discipline.
Impracticality and critique in a problematic field
Authors: Woodward Keith
Published: July 2015

Here I discuss how Guattari’s ‘impracticality,’ as Gerlach and Jellis put it, harbours rich models for political and theoretical practice. I describe these in terms of Guattari’s participation in militant activism and anti-psychiatric organizations, as well as his cross-disciplinary theoretical engagements, all of which exemplify nuanced navigations of ‘problematic fields’. After surveying what these are and how they work in Guattarian philosophy, I briefly engage Gerlach and Jellis’s dismissal of certain tendencies within geographic theory.
Data reporting constraints for the lymphatic filariasis mass drug administration activities in two districts in Ghana: A qualitative study
Authors: da-Costa Vroom Frances Baaba , Aryeetey Richmond , Boateng Richard , Anto Francis , Aikins Moses , Gyapong Margaret , Gyapong John
Published: July 2015

Objectives:

Timely and accurate health data are important for objective decision making and policy formulation. However, little evidence exists to explain why poor quality routine health data persist. This study examined the constraints to data reporting for the lymphatic filariasis mass drug administration programme in two districts in Ghana. This qualitative study focused on timeliness and accuracy of mass drug administration reports submitted by community health volunteers.

Methods:

The study is nested within a larger study focusing on the feasibility of mobile phone technology for the lymphatic filariasis programme. Using an exploratory study design, data were obtained through in-depth interviews (n = 7) with programme supervisors and focus group discussions (n = 4) with community health volunteers. Results were analysed using thematic content analysis.

Results:

Reasons for delays in reporting were attributed to poor numeracy skills among community health volunteers, difficult physical access to communities, high supervisor workload, poor adherence reporting deadlines, difficulty in reaching communities within allocated time and untimely release of programme funds. Poor accuracy of data was mainly attributed to inadequate motivation for community health volunteers and difficulty calculating summaries.

Conclusion:

This study has shown that there are relevant issues that need to be addressed in order to improve the quality of lymphatic filariasis treatment coverage reports. Some of the factors identified are problems within the health system; others are specific to the community health volunteers and the lymphatic filariasis programme. Steps such as training on data reporting should be intensified for community health volunteers, allowances for community health volunteers should be re-evaluated and other non-monetary incentives should be provided for community health volunteers.
Assessing clinical correlates of self-rated disability in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Magistrale Giuseppe , Medori Rossella , Cadavid Diego , Argento Ornella , Incerti Chiara , Pisani Valerio , Caltagirone Carlo , Bozzali Marco , DeLuca John , Nocentini Ugo
Published: July 2015

Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with significant impairment.

Objective

The objective of this article is to identify and compare clinical measures that can predict self-rated disability in patients with MS using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS-II).

Methods

Patients with MS and healthy controls were consecutively recruited at one center. Patients were evaluated for cognitive function assessment, neurological status, perceived disability, mood, fatigue and disease duration. Controls underwent neuropsychological evaluation only. Data were analyzed using multivariate regression.

Results

WHODAS-II total score was predicted by fatigue ( p < 0.001) and neurological status ( p < 0.05). Student’s t test comparisons between published WHODAS-II normative data and the enrolled cohort of patients with MS showed significantly worse ( p < 0.05) scores for patients on mobility, self-care, life activities, participation and total score domains, but not in cognition. Group differences between patients with MS ( n = 61) and controls ( n = 61) were significant in all cognitive measures except one verbal memory test subscale. Memory function correlated best with the social participation domain of the WHODAS-II.

Conclusions

Self-reported disability in patients with MS was most strongly influenced by fatigue and to a lesser extent by physical disability. Although cognitive function does affect self-assessment of disability, this is not captured by patients on the WHODAS-II cognitive domain.
Katophorite from the Jade Mine Tract, Myanmar: mineral
description of a rare (grandfathered) endmember of the amphibole
supergroup
Authors: Oberti Roberta , Boiocchi Massimo , Hawthorne Frank C. , Ball Neil A. , Harlow George E.
Published: July 2015

Katophorite has the ideal formula
ANaB(NaCa)C(Mg4Al)T(Si7Al)O22W(OH)2 (Hawthorne et al., 2012). No published analyses
of amphiboles fall in the katophorite compositional field, except that of
Harlow and Olds (1987) for an amphibole from near Hpakan in the Jade Mine
Tract, Myanmar. This amphibole was approved by the International
Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and
Classification (vote 2013-140) as katophorite, and is reported here.
Holotype katophorite is monoclinic, space group
C2/m, a = 9.8573(8),
b = 17.9617(15), c = 5.2833(4) Å, β =
104.707(2)°, V = 904.78(13) Å3,
Z = 2. The calculated density is 3.091 g
cm–3. In plane-polarized light, katophorite is pleochroic,
X = pale blue (medium), Y = light
blue-green (strongest), Z = colourless; X
∧ a = 30.6° (β obtuse), Y ||
b, Z ∧ c = 15.8 (β
acute). It is biaxial negative, α = 1.638, β = 1.642, γ = 1.644, all ±
0.002; 2Vobs = 73(1)°, 2Vcalc = 70°. The eight
strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are
[d in Å (I)(hkl)]:
2.700 (100)(151), 3.129 (69)(310), 2.536 (65)(202), 3.378 (61)(131), 8.421
(55)(110), 2.583 (46)(061), 2.942 (43)(221) and 2.334 (41)(351).
Electron-microprobe analysis of the refined crystal gave
SiO251.74, Al2O37.38, TiO2 0.14,
FeO 1.55, Fe2O3 2.82, MgO 18.09, CaO 8.17,
Na2O 6.02, K2O 0.24, F 0.06,
H2Ocalc. 1.80, Li2Ocalc.
0.09, sum 100.55 wt.% (Li2O and H2O based on the
results of single-crystal structure refinement). The formula unit,
calculated on the basis of 24 (O,OH,F) with (OH + F + O) = 2 is:
A(Na0.85K0.04)Σ=0.89B(Ca1.22Na0.78)Σ=2.00C(Mg3.76Al0.43Fe0.303+Cr0.273+Fe0.182+Li0.05Ti0.014+)Σ=5.00T(Si7.21Al0.79)Σ=8.00O22W[(OH)1.67O0.30F0.03)]Σ=2.00.
Natural occurrence of monoclinic Fe3S4
nano-precipitates in pyrrhotite from the Sudbury ore deposit: a Z-contrast
imaging and density functional theory study
Authors: Xu Huifang , Shen Zhizhang , Konishi Hiromi
Published: July 2015

A monoclinic form of Fe3S4, a polymorph of cubic
greigite, occurs as precipitates in a sample of pyrrhotite collected from
the Sudbury ore deposit. The nano-crystal precipitates are in a topotaxial
relationship with the host pyrrhotite-4C (Fe7S8). The
precipitate and the host pyrrhotite have a coherent (001) interface. Half of
the octahedral layers in the crystal structure are fully occupied by Fe,
while the other half of the octahedral layers are occupied by Fe atoms and
vacancies in an ordered manner along the a axis. The crystal structure of
the Fe3S4 nano-precipitates has monoclinic symmetry
with a space group of I2/m. Its c
dimension is 6% smaller than that of the host pyrrhotite due to the large
number of vacancies in the structure. Fractional coordinates for S and Fe
atoms within the unit cell are determined from Z-contrast images and density
functional theory (DFT). The calculated results match the measured values
very well. It is proposed that the monoclinic Fe3S4
nano-precipitates formed through ordering of vacancies in pyrrhotite with a
low Fe/S ratio (i.e. <0.875) at low temperature.
Smart Nanoparticles Based on Hyaluronic Acid for Redox-Responsive and CD44 Receptor-Mediated Targeting of Tumor
Authors: Park Hyung-Kyu , Lee Sang Joon , Oh Jong-Suk , Lee Sam-Gyu , Jeong Young-IL , Lee Hyun Chul
Published: July 2015

Background

Since aggressive cancer cells highly express the CD44 receptor compared to normal cells, hyaluronic acid (HA) can be used for CD44 targeting molecule. Since glutathione (GSH) level is normally elevated in the intracellular compartment and in the tumor cell, the fact that disulfide bond can be cleaved by GSH is widely used for intracellular drug delivery.

Methods

HA was connected with poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) using disulfide linkage, and then a diblock copolymer (HAssLG) was prepared. Doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded HAssLG nanoparticles were prepared by dialysis procedures.

Results and Discussion

DOX-loaded HAssLG nanoparticles have spherical shapes with small particle size of less than 300 nm. In fluorescence measurement, DOX was dose-dependently liberated from nanoparticles by the addition of GSH. DOX release rate from HAssLG nanoparticles was increased by the addition of GSH. To confirm CD44 receptor-mediated endocytosis of nanoparticles, CD44-positive MDA-MB231 cells were employed and fluorescence intensity was strong when nanoparticles were treated to tumor cells. However, fluorescence intensity was significantly decreased through blocking of the CD44 receptor by pretreatment of cells with free HA. Fluorescence intensity of cells was increased again when GSH was added, indicating that HAssLG nanoparticles have CD44 receptor targetability and potential of redox-responsive drug delivery. For animal imaging study, CD44-positive MDA-MB231 cells and CD44-negative NIH3T3 cells were simultaneously implanted into the right flank and left flank of mice, respectively. Fluorescence intensity was significantly stronger at tumor mass of MDA-MB231 cells than solid mass of NIH3T3 cells, indicating that HAssLG nanoparticles were specifically delivered to tumor cells.

Conclusions

The results indicated that HAssLG nanoparticles have specificity against the CD44 receptor and can be used for anticancer drug targeting. We recommend HAssLG nanoparticles as a promising vehicle for cancer drug targeting.
Abnormal brain activation in excoriation (skin-picking)
disorder: Evidence from an executive planning fMRI study
Authors: Odlaug Brian L. , Hampshire Adam , Chamberlain Samuel R. , Grant Jon E.
Published: July 2015

Background

Excoriation (skin-picking) disorder (SPD) is a relatively common
psychiatric condition whose neurobiological basis is unknown.

Aims

To probe the function of fronto-striatal circuitry in SPD.

Method

Eighteen participants with SPD and 15 matched healthy controls undertook
an executive planning task (Tower of London) during functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI). Activation during planning was compared between
groups using region of interest and whole-brain permutation cluster
approaches.

Results

The SPD group exhibited significant functional underactivation in a
cluster encompassing bilateral dorsal striatum (maximal in right
caudate), bilateral anterior cingulate and right medial frontal regions.
These abnormalities were, for the most part, outside the dorsal planning
network typically activated by executive planning tasks.

Conclusions

Abnormalities of neural regions involved in habit formation, action
monitoring and inhibition appear involved in the pathophysiology of SPD.
Implications exist for understanding the basis of excessive grooming and
the relationship of SPD with putative obsessive–compulsive spectrum
disorders.
Defending the Rhine in Asia: France's 1951 Reinforcement Debate and French International Ambitions
Authors: Thompson Mark
Published: July 2015

This article examines the French decision to send reinforcements to Indochina in April 1951 despite evidence of the futility of the Indochina War and pressing security needs in Europe. I analyze the motivation for this decision with the assistance of the minutes of the National Defense Committee, as well as the private papers of leading French politicians and military figures. I argue that the key to understanding the French decision to continue the war rather than seek peace was the belief that the war in Indochina was critical to the achievement of French goals in Europe and NATO. As a consequence of this analysis, I suggest that any celebration of France's European achievements must be tempered by the recognition that European policy was often closely linked with a regressive imperial policy.

Le but de cette contribution est d'examiner la décision française d'envoyer des renforts en Indochine en avril 1951 en dépit des preuves de la futilité de la guerre d'Indochine et des besoins urgents de la défense nationale en Europe. J'analyse cette décision à la lumière des procès-verbaux du comité de la Défense nationale aussi bien qu'à la lumière des documents personnels d'éminents politiciens français et d'importantes personnalités militaires. La clé pour comprendre la décision française de continuer la guerre au lieu de poursuivre la paix était la conviction des décideurs que le conflit était d'une importance primordiale pour la réalisation de leurs buts en Europe et dans l'OTAN. A la suite de cette analyse, je suggère que la célébration des réussites européennes de la France doit être modérée par l'acceptation que sa politique européenne était souvent liée à une politique impériale régressive.
Reflections from Fukushima: History, Memory, and the Crisis of Contemporaneity
Authors: Harootunian Harry
Published: July 2015

In this essay, I propose that the forced convergence of history and memory in Fukushima resulted in singularizing expressions of experience and memory, thus inducing survivors to focus on the immediate context of the everyday itself rather than the nation and national history, which increasingly were seen as distant and abstract manifestations. The response to the historical event was to individualize experience. Survivors were driven to recall the lives they had once known and lived through at the level of the everyday. They were now forced to endure the unanticipated demands in the new ruined environment, which would require the writing of an entirely different kind of history.
The Art of the Everyday as Crisis: Objets, Installations, Weapons, and the Origin of Politics
Authors: Marotti William
Published: July 2015

Late 1967 witnessed a conjunctural moment in Japan, in which a shift in activist tactics inaugurated a public debate ultimately addressing the legitimacy of force and state violence in support of strategic US objectives, and triggering mass politicization, inaugurating Japan's “1968” experience. At the very moment of this conjuncture, Matsuda Tetsuo, a participating student activist with connections to an activist publishing community, requested an essay from the avant-garde artist Akasegawa Genpei concerning the artist's recent notorious prosecution and conviction for the crime of “money imitation.” Akasegawa's response, “The Objet after Stalin,” not only proved prescient over the precise terms of the then unfolding set of “violent” confrontations but also provided an analysis of the power of aesthetic intervention. This analysis's fascinating parallels with Jacques Rancière's later theorizations point to a common origin in the politics of “1968” and indicate its global dimensions.
Unraveling Visions: Women's Photography in Recessionary Japan
Authors: Lukacs Gabriella
Published: July 2015

This essay investigates women's photography and its critical reception in recessionary Japan. Drawing on the observation that women's photography centered on portraying relationships, critics—who were predominantly men—interpreted the genre as a project that aimed to reconnect communities that have unraveled in the wake of the long recession. Female photographers, however, rejected this interpretation. Building on this tension, I make two arguments in the essay. First, I claim that critics projected onto women's photography their own nostalgia for the economic high-growth era, during which the developmental state assigned women to sustaining social reproduction as wives and mothers. Second, my interviews with photographers reveal that it was precisely the desire to disengage from these normative gender role models that drove women to photography. I argue that women practiced photography to expand the zones of subjectivity from which they were able to draw new forms of labor and pleasure. However, the more women tried to distance themselves from the normative gendered role models of the postwar period, the more male critics tried to anchor them back to these role models. As such, the critical reception of women's photography sheds light on the predicament of feminist art in a context in which it is primarily women who are called on to reconnect the social relationships that came undone as growing economic volatility pushed social reproduction into a relentless crisis.
Dachsous1b cadherin regulates actin and microtubule cytoskeleton during early zebrafish embryogenesis
Authors: Li-Villarreal Nanbing , Forbes Meredyth M. , Loza Andrew J. , Chen Jiakun , Ma Taylur , Helde Kathryn , Moens Cecilia B. , Shin Jimann , Sawada Atsushi , Hindes Anna E. , Dubrulle Julien , Schier Alexander F. , Longmore Gregory D. , Marlow Florence L. , Solnica-Krezel Lilianna
Published: July 2015

Dachsous (Dchs), an atypical cadherin, is an evolutionarily conserved regulator of planar cell polarity, tissue size, and cell adhesion. In humans, DCHS1 mutations cause pleiotropic Van Maldergem syndrome. Here, we report that mutations in zebrafish dchs1b and dchs2 disrupt several aspects of embryogenesis, including gastrulation. Unexpectedly, maternal zygotic (MZ) dchs1b mutants show defects in the earliest developmental stage, egg activation, including abnormal cortical granule exocytosis (CGE), cytoplasmic segregation, cleavages, and maternal mRNA translocation, in transcriptionally quiescent embryos. Later, MZdchs1b mutants exhibit altered dorsal organizer and mesendodermal gene expression, due to impaired dorsal determinant transport and Nodal signaling. Mechanistically, MZdchs1b phenotypes can be explained in part by defective actin or microtubule networks, which appear bundled in mutants. Accordingly, disruption of actin cytoskeleton in wild-type embryos phenocopied MZdchs1b mutant defects in cytoplasmic segregation and CGE. Whereas, interfering with microtubules in wild-type embryos impaired dorsal organizer and mesodermal gene expression without perceptible earlier phenotypes. Moreover, the bundled microtubule phenotype was partially rescued by expressing either full-length Dchs1b or its intracellular domain, suggesting Dchs1b affects microtubules and some developmental processes independent of its known ligand Fat. Our results indicate novel roles for vertebrate Dchs in actin and microtubule cytoskeleton regulation in the unanticipated context of the single-celled embryo.
Robust hematopoietic progenitor cell commitment in a noisy environment via suppression of a conflicting signal
Authors: Shah Najaf A. , Levesque Marshall J. , Raj Arjun , Sarkar Casim A.
Published: July 2015

Hematopoietic lineage commitment is regulated by cytokines and master transcription factors, but it remains unclear how a progenitor cell chooses a lineage in the face of conflicting cues. Through transcript counting in megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors undergoing erythropoiesis, we show that expression levels of pro-erythropoiesis transcription factor EKLF and receptor EpoR are negatively correlated with pro-megakaryocyte counterparts, FLI-1 and TpoR. Based on these findings, we propose a new model for exclusive decision-making and we experimentally confirm a model prediction of transcript noise levels in committing progenitors. Our study suggests that lineage-specific receptor levels can modulate cue potencies to achieve robust commitment decisions.
Reassembly of Exfoliated α-ZrP Nanosheets and Cobalt Porphyrin Used as an Oxygen Sensor
Authors: Pan Binbin , Ma Juanjuan , Zhang Xiaobo , Li Jinpeng , Liu Lin , Zhang Dongen , Tong Zhiwei
Published: July 2015

A sandwich-structured nanocomposite of α-ZrP/CoTMPyP [5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrinatocobalt(III)] was fabricated via electrostatic interaction between cobalt porphyrin and α-ZrP nanosheets. The obtained material was used as a modifier on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to test the electrocatalytic performance toward oxygen reduction, the results indicated that dioxygen was reduced to H2O2 via two-electron transfer.
Study on Mg/Al Layered Double Hydroxides Prepared by Fouled Anion-exchange Resins
Authors: Wang Ying , Li Yan-sheng , Li Gang
Published: July 2015

A simple and efficient preparation of Mg/Al layered double hydroxide is reported in this letter. Fouled and waste 201 × 7 type anion-exchange resins as precursors and templates provided abundant CO32− for the Mg/Al layered double hydroxide. The products were characterized through scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.
The Structural and Preservation Conditions for Shale Gas Enrichment and High Productivity in the Wufeng—Longmaxi Formation, Southeastern Sichuan Basin
Authors: Guo Tonglou , Zeng Ping
Published: July 2015

We have analysed the Wufeng–Longmaxi shale gas field (gas pool) in the Southeastern Sichuan Basin in the light of previous studies on the main constraints of shale gas field enrichment in North America. We have demonstrated that, unlike the relatively simple tectonic evolutionary history of its North American counterparts, South China, represented by the Sichuan Basin and its peripheral areas, has undergone multiple uplifting events and intense folding and thrusting processes. After the distribution of high-quality shale formations has been identified, the structural and preservation conditions are important determinants of the level of shale gas enrichment and productivity. For a complex structural area that has experienced high thermal evolution to become enriched in shale gas and highly productive, the following prerequisites are indispensable: (1) normal structures, i.e. uplifts and anticlines, the latter being the most favourable structural type for shale gas enrichment; (2) hyperpressure, which is not only an important identifier of the presence of a regionally closed environment, but also, an important signature of natural gas pool enrichment; (3) late regional strike-slipping processes and good roof and floor conditions—the existence of structural conditions for forming and maintaining a compressional-shearing environment and a roof and floor that provide good closure are critical indicators of shale gas enrichment in complex structural areas; (4) distance to any regional aqueous layers and avoidance of faults channelling these aqueous layers.
A Newly Developed Rate Analysis Method for a Single Shale Gas Well
Authors: Zhang Xiaotao , Jiang Xin , Yang Jiyuan , Chen Man
Published: July 2015

With a rapid growth in the shale gas industry, the development of a corresponding reservoir engineering theory was promptly needed. The decline laws for shale gas reservoirs differed dramatically from the traditional methods designed for conventional gas reservoirs. This paper summarized and compared the characteristics, assumptions and limitations of world's widely-used rate decline analysis methods for shale gas. Also, based on the field situations of gas wells, a rate decline analysis method, which is compatible with shale gas production, was presented. The method was validated by comparing its results with production data of shale gas wells in the Sichuan Basin. The advantage of the method, which is proposed in this study, is that it is not biased toward any gas production regime or WHP. By taking into account the different production regimes, it could provide a better analysis of the rate behavior characteristics in shale gas wells.
Speciation and Pre-Concentration of Selenium with Nano-ZnO as Absorbent in Environmental Samples
Authors: Huang Ting
Published: July 2015

In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) were used as adsorbent for the separation and pre-concentration of selenium(IV) from aqueous solution. The selenium(IV) was determined by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry with KBH4–HCl. The adsorption percentage of selenium(IV) was 93% at pH 4.0–8.0, and the elution percentage of Se(IV) exceeds 96% with 0.5 ml of 0.5 mol l−1 NaOH. The adsorption equilibrium data best fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum adsorption capacity was 31.45, 31.75 and 31.95 mg g−1 at 273, 333 and 353 K, respectively. The detection limit of selenium(IV) (3σ, n = 11) was 1.60 µg l−1 and the relative standard deviation was 4.24%. This process has been successfully applied for the determination of trace selenium(IV) in some environmental samples and satisfactory results were obtained.
Engineering and Ecological Assessment of Nuclear Powered Ships Dismantling
Authors: Хвостова  , Khvostova Marina
Published: July 2015

The article considers basic approaches to dismantling of nuclear-powered guided missile heavy cruisers on the example

of the nuclear-powered guided missile heavy cruiser "Admiral Ushakov", as well as conceptual questions of safety during

planned dismantling. The major factors that have impact on choosing the strategy of dismantling and on ensuring nuclear,

radiation and ecological safety of the personnel, population and environment during dismantling are considered. The

conclusion is that maintaining and servicing decommissioned nuclear powered ships and their reactor installations, along

with operations in the course of subsequent dismantling of nuclear powered ships have no fundamental differences from

the corresponding conditions and operations for nuclear submarines. “Shiprepairing Center “Zvezdochka” JSC has longterm

experience of maintaining and dismantling nuclear submarines, including fuel discharge of dozens of marine reactor

plants. This experience convincingly confirms high reliability of procedures (including on nuclear and radiation safety and

on inadmissible impacts on environment) embedded into domestic projects of marine reactor plants, and acceptability of

regulations and technologies applied by “Shiprepairing Center “Zvezdochka” JSC during corresponding operations including

such potentially dangerous ones as discharging nuclear reactors and further treatment of the spent nuclear fuel.
On Planning Measures on Localization and Liquidation of Accidents Consequences to Provide Industrial Safety
Authors: Белов  , Belov N. , Квашнин  , Kvashnin D. , Семенов  , Semenov A. , Чуркин  , Churkin A.
Published: July 2015

The article studies the procedure of development of Activity Plan on localization and liquidation of accidents consequences

on hazardous industrial facilities. It notes ambiguousness of requirements to Plans introduced by Decrees of the Government

of the Russian Federation and Recommendations of the Federal Environmental, Engineering & Nuclear Supervision Agency

(Rostehnadzor). To provide industrial safety it is recommended to create a single regulatory document in accordance with

which all other documentation on localization and liquidation of accidents consequences on hazardous industrial facilities

must be developed.
Comparison of the Organic Pigment Photodegradation Efficiency in Once-Through and Circulation Treatment Modes
Authors: Мишаков  , Mishakov M. , Малков  , Malkov K. , Камруков  , Kamrukov A. , Яловик  , Yalovik M.
Published: July 2015

The paper researches and optimizes new physical methods of industrial wastewater treatment of organic contaminants for

advanced environmental technologies. It presents the results of studies of photodegradation of the organic methylene blue by

high-intensity optical continuous spectrum radiation generated by xenon pulsed lamp in aqueous solution. Processing of aqueous

solution was carried out in once-through and circulation modes without using any additional chemicals. The possibility of deep

degradation of an organic pigment as the result of direct photolysis is displayed. Specific energy consumption was determined

for photochemical water purification in once-through and circulation modes. Energy consumption required to achieve a given

level of reduction of the initial concentration of the water pollutant in circulation mode can exceed that in once-through mode of

photochemical processing by several times. Experimental results are consistent with theoretical estimations.
Improving the Efficiency and Safety of Operation of the Hydrogen Fuel Cell
Authors: Якушин  , Yakushin R. , Кутербеков  , Kuterbekov K. , Графов  , Grafov D. , Кручинина  , Kruchinina Nataliya , Десятов  , Dyesyatov Andryey , Нурахметов  , Nurakhmetov T.
Published: July 2015

The relevance of research to simplify the design and optimization of operating modes of the hydrogen fuel cell (FC) is very useful. It requires consideration of issues such as the method of hydrogen storage, especially hermetization of setting and the mode of occurrence of mass transfer processes to safe work fuel cell. The current-voltage characteristics of the membrane-electrode unit in different modes of hydrogen supply and the degree of moisture of the air have been obtained. The article shows the indicators of change in power depending on the pre-hydration ion exchange membrane.
On "Life Safety" Programs Continuity for Secondary Vacational and Higher Education
Authors: Симакова  , Simakova YElyena
Published: July 2015

The article considers issues of continuity of "Life Safety" disciplines through secondary vocational education and higher education. Several Federal state educational standards of secondary professional education in different fields, structure and content of the draft program of "Life Safety" discipline have been analyzed. Main priorities of “Life Safety” content for secondary professional education related to the issues of civil defense and basic military service have been revealed. Inconsistency between the "Life Safety" title and program contents in secondary professional education has been defined. Introduction of alternative disciplines into educational programs to study issues of human labour and environmental security has been examined.
Training Technologies in Teaching «Technosphere Safety»
Authors: Тимофеева  , Timofeeva Svetlana
Published: July 2015

The article studies a training method used by the Department of Industrial Ecology and Life Safety of Irkutsk State Technical

University to teach “security processes and facilities” students “Technosphere safety”. Methodology is based on active

learning methods: “life-wrestling” competitions and educational complex.