bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospects for Coal Generation
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Sidorova Galina P. , Manikovsky Pavel M. ,   Transbaikal State University, Gushchina Tatyana O. ,   Directorate for Supervision in the Coal Industry of the Federal Service for Environmental,  Technological and Nuclear Supervision (Rostechnadzor)
Published: October 2024

The article provides overview information on the state and problems of coal generation in Russia and the world. The main problem of coal energy is the environmental safety of the industry. Tightening environmental requirements for air purity from pollutants emitted by coal-fired thermal power plants has led to many countries beginning to abandon coal-fired generation in favor of alternative energy sources. The volume of investments in coal industry projects began to decline, and in a number of countries they planned to completely abandon it in the medium term. The prospect for the development of coal generation in Russia and the world is one of the most pressing topics for discussion, which has been repeatedly discussed on various information platforms, including in the international context. Experts from many countries in Russia and the world regularly present their researches on the importance of coal generation, coal reserves and energy consumption of coal fuel, and the environmental safety of the industry. The object of the study is the problems of coal generation in Russia and the world. The purpose of the work is to analyze and quantify the distribution of coal power generation capacity, assess the environmental problems associated with coal generation. The objective of the research is to obtain reliable information to assess the quantitative characteristics of energy consumption and environmental safety of the industry. The methods in the study consisted in analyzing information data from analytical agencies and publicly available materials. The results of analytical studies presented in the article indicate that in the near future, thermal energy will remain predominant in the energy balance of individual countries of the world. However, solving problems of environmental safety of fuel energy requires a centralized approach, significant financial investments and the creation of an appropriate regulatory framework.
Optimization of Low-Grade Refractory Gold Ore Processing
Authors:   Irkutsk Research Institute of Precious and Rare Metals and Diamonds, Topychkanova Ekaterina I. , Dementieva Natalia A. ,   Irkutsk Research Institute of Precious and Rare Metals and Diamonds, Mullov Vladimir M. ,   Irkutsk Research Institute of Precious and Rare Metals and Diamonds, Chikin Andrey Yu. ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: October 2024

The processing of refractory gold ores is a challenging task. Refractory ores include ores that cannot be easily processed due to the fine dissemination of gold in sulphide minerals and the presence of preg-robbing carbonaceous matter. Two processes have been studied: flotation of low-grade double refractory gold ore ­using new carbon depression reagents; gravity – cleaner flotation of rougher flotation concentrate followed by pressure oxidation and the CIL treatment of POX cakes. The study is aimed to optimize the processing of low-grade (Au 0.6 g/t) refractory gold ore and achieve high process parameters. The study included the following steps: the reduction of organic carbon mass fraction (< 0.6 %) in concentrates reporting to hydrometallurgical treatment; experiments on the hydrometallurgical treatment of flotation concentrates using two process options: pressure oxidation (POX) of the initial flotation concentrate followed by the CIL treatment of POX cakes and preliminary gravity – cleaner flotation of the initial flotation followed by pressure oxidation and the CIL treatment of POX cakes. The research methodology is based on studying the influence of carbon depressant reagents on the flotation properties of organic carbon during the flotation process. When carrying out flotation experiments, the equipment of JSC Irgiredmet was used, installed at the semi-industrial testing site (laboratory mills, mechanical flotation machines and auxiliary equipment). The study is carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods of ore preparation and flotation concentration. The mass fraction of organic carbon in the flotation concentrate decreased from 2.0 to 0.5 %. It has been achieved by the use of new reagents for carbon depression (carbon depression reagents). The products of refractory gold ore flotation using new reagents for carbon depression were flotation concentrates suitable for further hydrometallurgical treatment. According to the experiments on rougher flotation concentrate pressure oxidation and subsequent POX cake cyanide leaching, the recovery of gold on the carbon adsorbent was 83.5 %. Preliminary gra­vity – cleaner flotation of the concentrate before pressure oxidation improved the loading of gold on the carbon adsorbent to 96.6 %.
THE ROLE OF INTRAUTERINE ANTIGEN EXPOSURE IN THE MORPHOGENESIS OF CEREBRAL BLOOD VESSELS
Authors: Reznychenko Yuriy , Reznychenko Galyna , Smiian Kateryna , Mykhalchuk Oleksandr
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The state of cerebral vessels in children of the first year of life with congenital toxoplasmosis, both active and without signs of activity (as models of antenatal antigenic exposure), was considered. The patients were born to mothers whose pregnancy proceeded with mild preeclampsia and perinatal damage to the nervous system. The features of the morphogenesis of the brain vessels of rats after exposure to antigens in the antenatal period were experimentally investigated.
Materials and Methods. 119 children of the first year of life were examined. 43 patients with toxoplasmosis, 25 children from women whose pregnancy was complicated by mild preeclampsia, and 28 children with perinatal lesions of the nervous system of hypoxic-ischemic genesis due to antenatal hypoxia of the fetus. The comparison group consisted of 23 healthy children with an uncomplicated antenatal history. Experimental study of the morphogenesis of brain vessels of Wistar rats after intrauterine administration of antigens according to the method of M.A. Voloshin.
Results. At 1–2 and 7–8 months of life, in children with antigenic antenatal exposure and perinatal lesions of the nervous system of hypoxic-ischemic genesis, blood flow disorders in the anterior cerebral arteries, vessels of the nail bed, manifestations of endothelial dysfunction and impaired function of the sympathoadrenal system were detected. In the experiment, after the intrauterine introduction of antigens of various nature, an increase in the proportion of the connective tissue component in blood vessels was established, and a significant decrease in the ratio of muscle and connective tissue components from the 1st to the 60th day of postnatal development. Changes in indicators of carbohydrate metabolism and a decrease in glycogen in the anterior cerebral artery of rats 1–60 days of life with antigenic antenatal exposure indicate long-term changes in metabolic disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in the anterior cerebral arteries. By extrapolating the results obtained in the experiment on rats, it is possible to predict metabolic disorders in the vessels of people of the appropriate age, which to a certain extent explains the ultrasound and biomicroscopic changes in vessels, endothelial dysfunction detected in children with antigenic antenatal stimulation at 1–2 and 7–8 months of life.
Conclusions. The identified features indicate a change in the morphogenesis of brain vessels after antenatal antigenic exposure and are the background for the formation of central nervous system pathology in children
Automated wireless system for monitoring the technical condition of chimneys
Authors: Komarov A. K. , Kazharsky V. V. , Pavlov A. M.
Published: October 2024

The present paper considers the technology of monitoring the technical condition of chimneys in order to identify areas of increased heat losses. The technology involves an automated wireless monitoring system that includes an unmanned aircraft with additional equipment. Aim. To study the operation safety of reinforced concrete chimneys used in hazardous industrial facilities. The presented monitoring technology tackles the task of prompt identification of defects and damages to reduce the risks of potentially hazardous conditions. While developing technology for monitoring the technical condition, special attention is paid to its autonomy and intelligence. At the first stage, sensors, coordinators and remote thermometry system are installed with the transmission of data on the temperature of the chimney trunk to the control center. At the next stage, the outer surface of the chimney is examined using an unmanned aicraft equipped with a thermal imaging camera to verify information about heat losses. The final stage involves creating a thermogram of the object and a scheme of the possible locations of the identified defects in order to plan repair works. In addition, the paper introduces main advantages of the suggested technology.
Methods for efficient generation of Turing machines to solve NP-hard problems
Authors: Martyanov V. I. , Volkov A. S.
Published: October 2024

The present study analyzes the software implementation of the concept of generating Turing machines that solve NP-hard problems. The paper describes a mathematical formulation of machine generation, presented as a solution of resource planning problems to be adapted to software for designing class schedules or, more generally, for network scheduling. The proposed software solutions for data representation are partially based on technical solutions for designing a class schedule. Basic strategies (procedural semantics of methods) for reducing searces (deep return, look ahead, etc.) utilize technical solutions for designing class schedules and other strategies (e.g., application of oracle) that have not been used for this purpose. The study is aimed at analyzing the intermediate results of software implementation of the concept of generating Turing machines that solve NP-hard problems. The paper proposes further plans for developing a software package for generating Turing machines into an open platform for teaching students the theory of algorithms and information technology, conducting experiments to determine the non-polynomial complexity of solving certain NP-hard problems generated by Turing machines.
Assessing the impact of the unfinished part of the Cascade architectural and monumental complex as a communicative core between Kentron and Kanaker-Zeytun districts in Yerevan and a proposal for solving the urban planning problem
Authors: Druzhinina I. E. , Selivanov R. A. , Shaginyan G. G.
Published: October 2024

The paper considers the problem of communication between Kentron and Kanaker-Zeytun districts in Yerevan. Particular attention is paid to the Cascade architectural and monumental complex. It obtains an important urban planning significance in the structure of public spaces in Yerevan and is considered by citizens as one of main symbols of the capital of Armenia. The study is aimed at identifying the grounds for poor pedestrian communication between the districts of the city and determining the prospects of development, transformation, and modernization of the territory. The methodology involved a comparative analysis of public spaces in the city center, publicly available GPS tracks and the results of a sociological survey. The results of the urban planning analysis outline the problem of pedestrian accessibility in the city, and demonstrate the relationship between public spaces. The sociological survey depicts the demands of the citizens and guests of Yerevan for the further development of the Cascade architectural and monumental complex. Studying the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of public spaces revealed the problems of communication between the districts of the city on the northsouth compositional axis, which are associated with the incomplete construction of the fifth terrace of the complex. Sociological research necessitates the construction to be completed. The survey shows the opinions of citizens and guests of the city about the potential development of the Cascade environment.
Trends in the hormone and antibiotic use for cattle fattening in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam S. S. , Joti J. J. , Islam Md. S. , Rahman Md. M. , Mondol D.
Published: October 2024

The study was conducted to identify trends in the use of hormones and antibiotics, and traditional practices in cattle fattening in the southwest coastal region of Bangladesh. Data were collected from 150 farmers involved in beef cattle fattening through a survey questionnaire. The average numbers of cattle and beef cattle per household were 4.27 ± 1.94 and 3.54 ± 1.31, respectively. An average of 44.67 percent of the beef farmers selected indigenous (zebu) cattle and the rest of the farmers kept a variety of crossbred cattle for fattening. The average age of cattle at the start of fattening was 21.61 ± 8.07 months, the average duration of fattening was 9.71 ± 4.29 months, and farmers marketed cattle at an average weight of 285.50 ± 50.80 kg. The highest percentage (34.67%) of farmers ate beef once a week and 5.33 percent of farmers never ate beef. Among beef farmers, 53.33% and 62.67% applied hormones and antibiotics, respectively, to their beef cattle. The highest percentage of farmers used hormones (33.87%) and antibiotics (29.79%) once a week and the rest of the farmers used them at various intervals. The majority of farmers did not follow any withdrawal period before slaughtering beef cattle for application of hormones (85.48%) and antibiotics (83.58%), whereas the remaining farmers maintained different withdrawal periods. It can be concluded that more than half of the farmers applied hormones and about two-thirds of the farmers used antibiotics for beef fattening, and most of the farmers did not follow the recommended withdrawal periods before slaughter, which is of public health concern.
Coriander as a natural antimicrobial for meat products: A One Health perspective review
Authors: Morshdy A. E. M. A. , El-tahlawy A. S. , Hafez A. El-S.E. , Darwish W.S.
Published: October 2024

The demand for safe, high-quality meat products drives the need for effective antimicrobial solutions to combat bacterial contamination, a significant health and economic concern. Synthetic preservatives face increasing scrutiny, leading to interest in natural alternatives such as coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). Known for its culinary and medicinal uses, coriander essential oils, particularly linalool and pinene, exhibit strong antimicrobial properties against a wide range of pathogens. This review examines the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial mechanisms of coriander, and its practical applications in meat preservation through a One Health perspective, which addresses the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. Coriander offers unique benefits such as a milder flavor and cost-effectiveness. Despite challenges, including variability in antimicrobial efficacy and sensory impacts, its safety profile and regulatory status support its use. Future research should optimize extraction methods, explore synergies with other preservatives, and evaluate long-term safety and efficacy. Coriander is a viable natural solution for improving food safety and quality in the meat industry, aligning with One Health objectives by promoting sustainable practices and reducing health risks across the food production continuum.
Biotechnological methods for separation of pigs pancreas glands protein substances with membrane technologies
Authors: Spirina M. E. , Polishchuk E. K. , Fedulova L. V. , Vasilevskaya E. R.
Published: October 2024

The pancreas gland (PG) is a secondary product of livestock processing; it contains a wide range of biologically active compounds. The purpose of this article is to analyze the efficiency of technological approaches for pancreas gland extraction with the help of trehalose and a glycine-proline mixture aimed for recovery and separation of the gland’s protein-peptide compounds. The extraction was conducted with 0.9% NaCl, 0.9% NaCl, with addition of 0.5 M trehalose (0.9% NaCl-0.5 M trehalose) and 0.9% NaCl with addition of 1% glycine and 0.1 M L-proline (0.9% NaCl-1% Gly-0.1M Pro), the ratio of pancreas gland to extractant was equal to 1:5. The concentration of the protein in the supernatants after their extraction was measured by the biuret reaction in a semi-automatic biochemical analyzer Biochem SA. The proteomic composition of the extracts and the native pancreas gland was assessed by one-dimensional Laemmli electrophoresis in a 12.5% polyacrylamide gel and by two-dimensional O’Farrell electrophoresis. When determining the intensity of the protein fractions, it was noted that the methodology of separation of protein-peptide mixtures extracted from the pigs pancreas gland with the extractant 0.9% NaCl-1% Gly-0.1M Pro, ensured the higher extraction of the proteins in comparison with the method of 0.9% NaCl-0.5 M trehalose. Notwithstanding the fact that application of amino acids (glycine and proline) mixture provided for a greater yield of proteins from the extract into the diafiltrate, the experiments in vitro showed that the diafiltrate obtained though trehalose featured higher activity. This may be explained by the fact that after dialysis removal of trehalose from the protein fraction with a molecular weight of less than 50 kDa, its residual quantities were still sufficient to prevent proteins aggregation and, as a consequence, the biological activity of the extracted proteins was preserved, while in the diafiltrate obtained through amino acids mixture where numerous protein aggregates were detected by 2-DE. This study allowed testing the biotechnological methodics on pig pancreatic tissues aimed to intensifying the extraction and separation of protein compounds. The results of the study are important for development of methodological approaches to obtaining the targeted substances for their further utilizing for various purposes.
Sensory testing and quality maintenance of hamburgers containing soybean meat
Authors: Fujisawa F. , Seki H.
Published: October 2024

In the past few years, lifestyle-related diseases have been increasing, and meat intake has been linked to this increase. Therefore, in recent years, there have been attempts to use soybeans as a substitute for meat. Soybeans exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. Therefore, processing foods using soybeans may preserve food quality because the main factors causing food deterioration are oxidation and microbial growth. To verify the quality-retention effect of soybeans, we conducted a sensory test on hamburgers, the quality of which readily deteriorates over time. We investigated the percentage of soybean meat that would be acceptable in a hamburger and quality retention with the addition of different amounts of soybean meat. We found that hamburgers with soybean meat were accepted by more than half of the participants when the soybean meat content was ≤50%. In terms of changes over time in quality-related factors, the L- and b-values (lightness/brightness and yellowness/blueness, respectively) were higher, avalue (redness/greenness) was lower, and pH was higher in hamburgers that contained soybean meat than in those without added soybean meat. Furthermore, an increase in the bacteria count and peroxide content was suppressed in hamburgers containing soybean meat. The results indicate that hamburgers containing soybean meat are of higher quality than those made with 100% animal meat. The use of soybeans as a meat substitute in hamburgers can help mitigate the rise of lifestyle-related diseases linked to high meat consumption.
Evaluation of potential anti-aging effects of Achillea phrygia Boiss. & Balansa (Asteraceae)
Authors: Boran Gülen Rukiye , Saraç Nurdan , Uğur Aysel
Published: October 2024

This study aims to determine the anti-aging effects of Achillea phrygia, an endemic plant, by evaluating its sun protection factor (SPF) level, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes (ECM) inhibition, genotoxic/anti-genotoxic, and cytotoxic activities. The SPF level was assessed using an in vitro quantitative method, while antioxidant capacity was determined through DPPH, β-carotene, and hydroxyl-radical (H2O2) scavenging assays. The total phenolic content was quantitatively conducted using the Folin Ciocalteu reagent. The inhibition of ECM-degrading enzymes was determined using matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), hyaluronidase, and elastase enzymes. Genotoxic/anti-genotoxic properties were assessed using the AMES Salmonella/microsome assay, and cytotoxicity effects were assessed through the MTT assay. The results indicated that A. phrygia showed moderate SPF activity (SPF = 4.013) and exhibited IC50 values of 0.183 ± 0.03, 0.079 ± 0.51, and 1.18 ± 0.35 mg/mL for DPPH, β-carotene, and hydroxyl-radicals, respectively. The total phenolic content was measured to be 23.56 ± 1.42 mg GAE/g dry extract. Furthermore, the extract demonstrated inhibition of MMP-1 (47.98%) and elastase (39.2%) activities. Importantly, it did not induce DNA damage and showed antigenotoxic activity ranging from 10% to 65.6%. The cytotoxicity assay revealed an IC50 value of 42.41±4.05 µg/mL. These findings suggest that A. phrygia could be utilized as a cosmetic ingredient in skincare products due to its ability to protect against UV radiation, exhibit antioxidant properties, prevent extracellular matrix degradation, and inhibit DNA damage.
Dyeing of banana-silk union fabrics with cochineal using different concentrations of bio-mordant
Authors: Pars Abdulkadir
Published: October 2024

Banana (Musa × paradisiaca L.) is a lignocellulosic natural fiber that can be processed to produce eco-friendly and biodegradable hybrid fabrics when combined with other fibers. Natural-dyed banana fiber can be utilized in the production of sustainable materials for wearable products, household linens, technical textiles, and apparel. In this study, banana-silk union fabrics, pre-treated with bio-mordant at concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%, were dyed separately using cochineal insect extract (Dactylopius coccus Costa). To assess the dyeability of the banana-silk union fabric, Anatolian black pine cones (Pinus nigra subsp. pallassiana) were utilized as a bio-mordant, with varying quantities. The CIELab values of the dyeings were measured and compared. Additionally, the chemical composition of the cochineal extract, pinecone mordant, raw fabric, and selected dyed fabrics was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The washing, light, and rubbing fastness properties of the dyed banana-silk union fabrics were also evaluated and compared. This study developed a method for weaving union fabric by blending two distinct natural yarns, namely banana and silk, to reduce dependence on a single fiber and promote the utilization of agricultural waste.
Comparison of high antioxidant ZnONPs produced from different fungi as alternative biomaterials
Authors: Gençyılmaz Olcay , Mutar Mohanad Fawzi Mutar
Published: October 2024

In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), a promising alternative biomaterial, were synthesized using a non-toxic, cost-effective green synthesis approach using various fungal species (Penicillium citrinum, Fusarium solani, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger). The effect of different fungal species on the structural, optical, morphological and antimicrobial properties of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs) was compared. ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs) crystallized in a hexagonal wurtzite structure with grain sizes ranging from 45 to 61 nm. Fungal species had a significant effect on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak observed at 302 nm. ZnONPs were obtained in different morphologies such as nanodiscs, nanospheres, nanorchins and nanonuts, and it was determined that fungal species had a significant effect on these structures. The antibacterial activity of ZnONPs against Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Eosinophilic pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus was investigated. The effect of these nanoparticle shapes on antibacterial activity was evaluated. ZnONPs were found to have a significant antimicrobial effect especially on Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. ZnONPs produced only with Aspergillus niger fungus were found to have a strong antimicrobial effect especially on Staphylococcus aureus. Based on these results, the biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using Penicillium citrinum, Fusarium solani, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger fungal species is proposed for the production of ZnONPs as a biomaterial with remarkable antibacterial properties and various morphologies.
Exact finite-size scaling of the maximum likelihood spectra in the quenched and annealed Sherrington-Kirkpatrick spin glass
Authors: Wang Ding , Tang Lei-Han
Published: October 2024

Fine resolution of the discrete eigenvalues at the spectral edge of an N× NN×N random matrix is required in many applications. Starting from a finite-size scaling ansatz for the Stieltjes transform of the maximum likelihood spectrum, we demonstrate that the scaling function satisfies a first-order ODE of the Riccati type. Further transformation yields a linear second-order ODE for the characteristic function, whose nodes determine leading eigenvalues. Using this technique, we examine in detail the spectral crossover of the annealed Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) spin glass model, where a gap develops below a critical temperature. Our analysis provides analytic predictions for the finite-size scaling of the spin condensation phenomenon in the annealed SK model, validated by Monte Carlo simulations. Deviation of scaling amplitudes from their predicted values is observed in the critical region due to eigenvalue fluctuations. More generally, rescaling the spectral axis, adjusted to the distance of neighboring eigenvalues, offers a powerful approach to handling singularities in the infinite size limit.
The VECM implementation for measuring the impact of monetary variables on Indonesia Property Prices Index
Authors: Khoirudin Rifki , Hari Adi Pramono , Suharno
Published: October 2024

The basic human need for housing makes property investment safer than other sectors because demand tends to be stable despite changing economic conditions. The decision to invest is influenced by various aspects, including economic variables, including GDP, property credit growth, non-performing loans (NPLs), interest rates, exchange rates, and money supply, which are then examined for their influence on the Residential Property Price Index (RPPI) in Indonesia through this research using a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) with quarterly data from 2003 to 2022. The findings show that GDP, interest rates, and money supply have a significant long-term impact on the RPPI. In the short-term, GDP and property credit growth have a negative impact on RPPI, while NPL and exchange rate do not. Causality tests indicate a bidirectional relationship between NPL and GDP with RPPI, with probability values exceeding 0.05. This study provides valuable insights into the monetary factors affecting residential property prices and suggestions for future research.
AcknowledgmentThe authors gratefully acknowledge Ahmad Dahlan University for the support and facilities provided in conducting this research. They also greatly appreciate the academic resources that supported the data collection process and careful analysis of our findings. Besides, the authors express their gratitude to Bank Indonesia and Badan Pusat Statistik for their invaluable contribution to the data used in this research.
Examining of Social-Emotional and Moral Characteristics of a Child with Williams Syndrome and a Typically Developing Peer
Authors: Akgül Fadime , Zorbay Varol Songül , Köksal Mustafa Serdar
Published: October 2024

Introduction: This paper compared the social-emotional and moral developmental characteristics of a boy with Williams syndrome and a typically developing girl.
Method: The sample consisted of two eighth graders and their mothers. Participants were recruited using purposive criterion sampling. This qualitative study adopted a holistic multiple-case design because it compared the interrelated social-emotional and moral developmental characteristics of two different profiles of children.
Findings: Data were collected using the Social-Emotional and Character Development Scale (SECDS), semi-structured interview questions, spontaneous conversations, and observations. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, while the qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. The results show that the boy with Williams syndrome is more successful than his typically developing peer in making plans and helping others, but less successful in making eye contact, making friends, and following rules in the absence of authority. The typically developing girl has better internal control in following rules, behaving politely and respectfully, and exhibiting moral behaviors because she wants to. The findings show that both children have relatively developed social-emotional and moral characteristics.
Discussion: The fact that the boy with Williams syndrome was more successful in expressing his wants and needs, planning and organizing, helping, maintaining communication with strangers, and choosing positive behaviors compared to his typically developing peer; behaving according to people's opinions, having approval anxiety, making decisions, self-regulation, following rules in the absence of authority, peer relations, adaptation, understanding people's feelings, and having difficulty in distinguishing good and bad intentions were in line with the literature. The fact that the typically developing girl exhibited more extreme social actions such as initiating communication; making eye contact for a long time; apologizing for misbehaviors; following rules with internal control and exhibiting positive behaviors provided different information from the literature. These results provide a new and different perspective to the results that children with Williams syndrome exhibit more social behaviors than their typically developing peers.
Multivariate analysis of water quality in the Dhaleshwari River, Bangladesh: identifying pollution sources and environmental implications
Authors: Ali Md. Sohrab , Begum Shaheda , Rabbi Fahim Muntasir , Sumaia  , Hasan Md. Kamrul , Rahman Md. Alinur , Rahman Mohammad Mahfuzur , Rahaman Md. Hasibur
Published: October 2024

This study aims to evaluate the current water quality status of the Dhaleshwari River, considering seasonal variations, and identify potential pollution sources using physicochemical parameters, multivariate statistical analysis, and the water quality index (WQI) method. Sampling was conducted at six locations along the Dhaleshwari River from January 2021 to April 2022, encompassing both dry and wet seasons. Eleven physicochemical parameters were tested following standard procedures. The calculated WQI values demonstrated that the overall water quality of the Dhaleshwari River is very poor (264.7 ± 64.5). Seasonal variation in water quality was significant, with the worst quality (305.7 ± 54.3) observed during the dry season; however, water quality during the wet season was also unsatisfactory (223.6 ± 46.3). Geospatial analysis shows the distribution of water quality in the study locations. Principal components analysis was performed for source appointment, which indicated that direct wastewater discharge from surrounding industries, particularly tanneries, as well as municipal wastewater, were the major pollution sources. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the deteriorating water quality of the Dhaleshwari River due to industrialization and human activities. The findings underscore the urgent need for interventions to mitigate pollution sources and improve the overall health of the river ecosystem.
Imagens de uma separação: as histórias em quadrinhos como preservação da memória
Authors: Gonçalves Alves Thiago Henrique
Published: October 2024

Este texto versa sobre a preservação da memória por meio da imagem gráfica, representada aqui pelas histórias em quadrinhos. Nosso objeto de pesquisa é o quadrinho sul-coreano A espera, de Keum Suk Gendry-Kim (2021). A história que é contada remonta ao início da Guerra da Coreia (1950-1953) e, apesar de o quadrinho não ser factual, e sim apenas inspirado nas histórias contadas pela mãe da autora, o drama vivido nele por milhares de coreanos é real. Utilizaremos como base para a pesquisa Rodrigues (2021), além dos conceitos de memória e História de Le Goff (1990) e de Benjamin (1987). Sobre a linguagem dos quadrinhos e memória, contaremos com Celestino e Lucas (2013) e García (2012). Espera-se entrelaçar os conceitos para demonstrar a potencialidade das histórias em quadrinhos em seus desdobramentos como linguagem gráfica para a preservação de uma memória.
MicroRNA Expression in Exosome Extracellular Vesicles as Targets for Personalized Medicine in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Patients with HIV Infection
Authors: Corrales Cruz Yadiel , Suthumphong Corey , Caobi Allen , Andre Mickensone , Vicens Janelle , Raymond Andrea D. , Ruiz Marco
Published: October 2024

Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), more specifically exosomes (xEVs), have been associated
with Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL). These xEVs contain a variety of biomolecules,
such as proteins and nucleic acids (e.g., microRNA, LncRNA, and DNA). The expressions of these
vesicles in the setting of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) have been linked to disease
progression. Studies have explored the use of EVs in more practical clinical settings. Several
studies have found that biomolecules within xEVs can serve to detect disease progression. The
biomolecule content within xEVs is useful in prognostication and has even been associated with
mechanisms of resistance for some DLBCL treatment modalities. This review article explores the
role of xEV biomolecule content in DLBCL progression in the context of HIV infection and its applied
use in practical disease management.
Synthesis of Fused Pyrrolo-napthridinone via Ligand-free Copper Catalysed Ullmann (C-N coupling) Type Reaction
Authors: Ramesh Mekala , Srimannarayana Malempati
Published: October 2024

Fused pyrrole, pyridine with pyridinone components are known to possess many biological
and pharmaceutical properties. Fused pyrrole with naptharidinone also has many potentials. A tandem
approach of intramolecular lactamization and N-arylation using a copper catalyst to obtain a fused pyrrolo-
naptharidinone has been developed. A ligand-free method has been proposed for cyclization and
Ullmann (C-N coupling) type reaction in a single step. This approach will make it possible to synthesise
pyrrolo- naphthyridinone N-aryl substituted natural product compounds without the need for extra additives.
Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Ameliorates Oxidative Biomarkers in Type-2 Diabetic Rats: In vitro and In vivo Report
Authors: Ayeni Gideon , Rotimi Larayetan Abisoye , Abdulrazaq Yahaya , Titus Emmanuel F. , Ajuma Sule Fatima , Jamila Audu Omale , Abayomi Ajayi , Christian Egwumah , Agah Ogohi Dorathy , Emmanuel Ogundipe , Faruk Audu Umar , Moradeke Orogun Mary , Sylvester Monday , Zuleihat Ogejah Ize , Dauda Wulapba Nenpinmwa , Akoji Achimi Matthew
Published: October 2024

Objective:

Nanoparticles (NPs) are reliable biological tools for curative purposes through
their application in nanomedicine. The present study synthesized and characterized silver nanoparticles
(AgNPs) from Tetrapetra tetrapleura fruit. The investigation aims to examine the antidiabetic
effect of the AgNPs using in vitro and in vivo models.

Methods:

Briefly, the synthesized AgNPs were confirmed by the application of ultraviolet-visible
(UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and five other techniques, viz; transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
techniques, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
(EDX), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The in vitro
model assay investigated the scavenging effect of AgNPS on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH), superoxide anion (O2ˉ), hydroxyl anion (-OH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP),
and α-amylase/α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The in vivo model involving rats-induced type-2
diabetes with streptozotocin (STZ) was divided into six (6) groups of seven (7) rats each to assess
antioxidative parameters.

Results:

The AgNPs scavenged free radicals (DPPH) and moderately inhibited (O2ˉ), hydroxyl anion
(-OH), reduced ferric to ferrous ions, and inhibited both α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity
with increasing concentrations. Similarly, AgNPs ameliorated oxidative stress imposed by type 2
diabetes on the rats’ tissues significantly (p < 0.05), depleting total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein
(LDL), and increased total protein composite and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) contents. The
AgNPs enhanced catalase and superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione (GSH), and, concomitantly,
decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the tissue homogenate.

Conclusion:

These findings provide scientific evidence for the first time, finding the application of
a biogenic compound synthesized from T. tetrapleura fruit in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Systematic Analysis of the Zoonosis by SARS-CoV-2 in Domestic Cats Under the Concept of One Health
Authors: Ortega Ariadna Flores , Gómez Linda Guiliana Bautista , Castañeda José Simón Martínez , Ramos Miguel Ángel Sánchez
Published: October 2024

Objective:

This study aimed to identify scientific evidence on the zoonotic transmission of
SARS-CoV-2 in domestic felines in order to observe the relationship between the susceptibility of
cats to SARS-CoV-2, the infection of humans to cats regarding the virus, and the relationship between
cat-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

Methods:

A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic
Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. Four scientific databases (Google Scholar, Pub-
Med, Scielo, and Web of Science) were used for article search, and the review was limited until July
1, 2023.

Results:

A total of 2327 articles were identified from the three databases, of which 16 were finally
included in the review. Eight articles provided information on the high susceptibility of cats to
SARS-CoV-2, 7 articles described the characteristics of clinical signs presented in both humans and
cats, and only 1 article discussed the infection from a cat to a human.

Conclusion:

It is important to consider isolating pets during the latency period of the disease within
medical recommendations, reinforce the use of eye protection, and adopt the concept of "One
Health" to prevent public health problems.
Application of Nanomaterials for Smart Devices
Authors: Kumar Rinku , Singh Milan , Gupta Deepak , Yadav Srasti
Published: October 2024

Nanomaterials have emerged as transformative agents in the realm of smart
devices, enabling revolutionary advancements and applications. At the nanoscale,
materials exhibit unique properties that differentiate them from their bulk counterparts,
offering exceptional opportunities for enhancing the performance, functionality, and
miniaturization of smart devices. The present chapter delves into the significant
contributions of nanomaterials in the development of smart devices. Nanotechnology's
ability to engineer materials at the atomic and molecular level has led to the creation of
nanomaterials with precisely tailored properties. These nanoscale wonders have found
applications in diverse fields, including electronics, healthcare, energy, and
environmental monitoring. The integration of nanomaterials in smart devices has
unlocked unprecedented opportunities for innovation. Nanoscale sensors with
heightened sensitivity and selectivity have transformed devices into intelligent
perceivers of the environment. Additionally, nanomaterials have revolutionized energy
storage, enabling longer-lasting batteries and supercapacitors with higher energy
density. Furthermore, nanomaterials play a pivotal role in advancing smart displays,
wearable technology, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The seamless connectivity
and improved performance offered by nanomaterials have paved the way for a more
connected and efficient world. Additionally, this chapter emphasizes the immense
potential of nanomaterials in shaping the future of smart devices, making them more
adaptive, energy-efficient, and capable of transforming our daily lives. However,
responsible implementation and safety considerations are essential for harnessing the
full potential of nanomaterials and ensuring sustainable and secure technological
advancements.
Advances in Carbon Nanomaterials
Authors: Gupta Shipra Mital , Sharma S.K , Gupta Nikita
Published: October 2024

Carbon, having 6 electrons, shows sp1
, sp2
and sp3
hybridization to produce
novel allotropes. Since the recent discoveries of fullerenes in 1985, carbon nanotubes
in 1991 and graphene in 2004, there is immense regard for the amazing physical and
chemical properties of carbon nanomaterials, promoting the growth of techniques for
large-scale manufacturing. Carbon nanomaterials have been the subject of extensive
scientific study all around the world due to their important structural dimensions and
excellent chemical, mechanical, electrical, optical, magnetic, catalytic and thermal
properties different from bulk counterparts. The carbon nanomaterials with 0, 1, 2 and
3 dimensions (carbon black, nanodiamonds, fullerenes, carbon quantum dots, carbon
nano-horns, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes and graphene) have shown such
built-in properties that are easily exploitable in cutting edge technology for a numerous
application. Applications in technology, medicine, environment and agriculture are all
part of the ever-expanding commercial use of carbon nanomaterials. In this chapter,
brief history and recent advancements in carbon nanomaterials specifically fullerenes,
carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon quantum dots, and nanodiamonds have been
thoroughly reviewed. Along with their methods of synthesis, future prospects and
opportunities in a variety of industries have also been discussed. Significant
applications of different carbon materials in important areas have been highlighted. A
summary of toxic effects of carbon nanomaterials on biological systems has also been
given to support wise usage and careful handling.
Modelling and Simulations of Nanomaterials
Authors: Sharma Mansi , Sharma Vishal
Published: October 2024

In view of the progression in the field of science to investigate the evolution
of nanomaterial and their applications, the research seems to have been limited in
providing a complete understanding of the fabrication conditions and characterizations
primarily on the basis of experimental methods. The computational approaches are
found to be more effective in predicting the growth conditions and the relative
characterizations for the required structure. Moreover, the software counterpart for the
design of structure is considered one of the most convenient approaches to estimate the
process conditions in a well define way before proceeding with the complexities of the
experimental trials. Another aspect of accepting the computation approach is to
understand and explore the expected outcome from a structural analysis. In the present
chapter, the key role of modelling and simulations in the advanced research and
development at the structural level of the nanomaterial and the nanomaterial-based
devices has been discussed in order to provide a guide to choose and explore a variety
of software and theories for simulating or design.
Application of Nanomaterials in Water Purification
Authors: Yadav Priyanka , Warkar Sudhir G. , Kumar Anil
Published: October 2024

The issue of water contamination has emerged as one of the primary
problems of the current century. The discharge of hazardous contaminants, rapid
industrialization, and unrestricted population rise lead to the degradation of water
purity. This chapter explores the nanomaterials in water purification and aims to
address the critical need for efficient and sustainable water treatment solutions. With
the increasing global demand for clean water, traditional treatment methods are often
limited in their ability to remove emerging contaminants and often do not meet
stringent quality standards. Nanomaterials have emerged as potential candidates for
improving water treatment procedures because of their special features, including high
efficacy, better selectivity, good stability, high surface area, eco-friendliness, and high
population growth. Adsorption, photocatalysis, membrane filtration processes, and
other techniques enable the effective removal of harmful contaminants from industrial
waste, groundwater, and surface water by nanomaterials. The chapter’s aim is to gain
comprehension of the application of nanomaterials that contain metals and metal
oxides-based nanoparticles, carbon-based, composites, and dendrimers-based
nanoparticles. Their use as adsorbents, photocatalysts, and membrane filters for
effective and targeted removal of toxic waste has received a lot of focus at the same
time. Adsorption, photocatalysis, and membrane filtration methods are discussed in
detail for their usage in water purification. To illustrate the potential risks involved
with nanomaterials, practical applications such as waste management and
environmental effects are also taken into account. Additionally, it critically evaluates
the difficulties and opportunities associated with using nanomaterials in industrial
wastewater purification.
Role of Nanomaterials in Remediating Environmental Pollutants
Authors: Gupta Komal , Saxena Richa
Published: October 2024

The rapid urbanization and industrialization have resulted in the
environmental pollution, which is the biggest challenge faced by the society.
Remediation is mainly associated with the environment. Environmental remediation is
the process of removing pollutants or contaminants from the environment such as soil,
air, and groundwater for the safeguard of human health and the environment. There are
various technologies involved in remediation such as physical remediation involving
processes like filtration, extraction, etc; chemical remediation involving chemical
reactions, photocatalysis, etc and biological remediation involving microorganisms and
plants. The use of nanomaterials for remediation is called nanoremediation.
Nanomaterials reveal better performance in environmental remediation than other
techniques used because of their high surface area and the associated high reactivity.
Different nanomaterials in various shapes, function as adsorbents, catalysts and sensors
for detection and removal of gases, contaminants and organic pollutants. This chapter
provides an overview of different kinds of remediation techniques and a detailed
discussion on different types of nanomaterials used for environmental remediation.