bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brilacidin as a Broad-Spectrum Inhibitor of Enveloped, Acutely Infectious Viruses
Authors: Anderson Carol A. , Barrera Michael D. , Boghdeh Niloufar A. , Smith Miata , Alem Farhang , Narayanan Aarthi
Published: December 2023

Alphaviruses, belonging to the Togaviridae family, and bunyaviruses, belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family, are globally distributed and lack FDA-approved vaccines and therapeutics. The alphaviruses Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) and eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) are known to cause severe encephalitis, whereas Sindbis virus (SINV) causes arthralgia potentially persisting for years after initial infection. The bunyavirus Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) can lead to blindness, liver failure, and hemorrhagic fever. Brilacidin, a small molecule that was designed de novo based on naturally occurring host defensins, was investigated for its antiviral activity against these viruses in human small airway epithelial cells (HSAECs) and African green monkey kidney cells (Veros). This testing was further expanded into a non-enveloped Echovirus, a Picornavirus, to further demonstrate brilacidin’s effect on early steps of the viral infectious cycle that leads to inhibition of viral load. Brilacidin demonstrated antiviral activity against alphaviruses VEEV TC-83, VEEV TrD, SINV, EEEV, and bunyavirus RVFV. The inhibitory potential of brilacidin against the viruses tested in this study was dependent on the dosing strategy which necessitated compound addition pre- and post-infection, with addition only at the post-infection stage not eliciting a robust inhibitory response. The inhibitory activity of brilacidin was only modest in the context of the non-enveloped Picornavirus Echovirus, suggesting brilacidin may be less potent against non-enveloped viruses.
Surveillance of Avian Metapneumovirus in Non-Vaccinated Chickens and Co-Infection with Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Salles Gleidson Biasi Carvalho , Pilati Giulia Von Tönnemann , Savi Beatriz Pereira , Muniz Eduardo Correa , Dahmer Mariane , Vogt Josias Rodrigo , de Lima Neto Antonio José , Fongaro Gislaine
Published: December 2023

Brazil is the second largest producer of broiler chicken in the world, and the surveillance of avian pathogens is of great importance for the global economy and nutrition. Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) infection results in high rates of animal carcass losses due to aerosacculitis and these impacts can be worsened through co-infection with pathogenic bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli (APEC). The present study evaluated the seroprevalence of the main aMPV subtypes in unvaccinated broiler chickens from poultry farms in Brazil, as well as the clinical effects of co-infection with APEC. Blood samples, respiratory swabs, femurs, liver, and spleen of post-mortem broiler chickens were collected from 100 poultry production batches, totaling 1000 samples. The selection of the production batch was based on the history of systemic and respiratory clinical signs. The results indicated that 20% of the lots showed serological evidence of the presence of aMPV, with two lots being positive for aMPV-B. A total of 45% of batches demonstrated co-infection between aMPV and APEC. The results point to the need for viral surveillance, targeted vaccination, and vaccination programs, which could reduce clinical problems and consequently reduce the use of antibiotics to treat bacterial co-infections.
Transcriptome Profiling of Oncorhynchus mykiss Infected with Low or Highly Pathogenic Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV)
Authors: Biasini Lorena , Zamperin Gianpiero , Pascoli Francesco , Abbadi Miriam , Buratin Alessandra , Marsella Andrea , Panzarin Valentina , Toffan Anna
Published: December 2023

The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is the most important produced species in freshwater within the European Union, usually reared in intensive farming systems. This species is highly susceptible to viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS), a severe systemic disease widespread globally throughout the world. Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is the etiological agent and, recently, three classes of VHSV virulence (high, moderate, and low) have been proposed based on the mortality rates, which are strictly dependent on the viral strain. The molecular mechanisms that regulate VHSV virulence and the stimulated gene responses in the host during infection are not completely unveiled. While some preliminary transcriptomic studies have been reported in other fish species, to date there are no publications on rainbow trout. Herein, we report the first time-course RNA sequencing analysis on rainbow trout juveniles experimentally infected with high and low VHSV pathogenic Italian strains. Transcriptome analysis was performed on head kidney samples collected at different time points (1, 2, and 5 days post infection). A large set of notable genes were found to be differentially expressed (DEGs) in all the challenged groups (e.s. trim63a, acod1, cox-2, skia, hipk1, cx35.4, ins, mtnr1a, tlr3, tlr7, mda5, lgp2). Moreover, the number of DEGs progressively increased especially during time with a greater amount found in the group infected with the high VHSV virulent strain. The gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis highlighted that functions related to inflammation were modulated in rainbow trout during the first days of VHSV infection, regardless of the pathogenicity of the strain. While some functions showed slight differences in enrichments between the two infected groups, others appeared more exclusively modulated in the group challenged with the highly pathogenic strain.
The In Vitro Assessment of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Efficacy in Rosa damascena and Hypericum perforatum Extracts against Pathogenic Strains in the Interplay of Dental Caries, Oral Health, and Food Microbiota
Authors: Antoniadou Maria , Rozos Georgios , Vaiou Natalia , Zaralis Konstantinos , Ersanli Caglar , Alexopoulos Athanasios , Tzora Athina , Varzakas Theodoros , Voidarou Chrysoula (Chrysa)
Published: December 2023

The rising demand for novel antibiotic agents prompts an investigation into natural resources, notably plant-derived compounds. In this study, various extracts (aqueous, ethanolic, aqueous-ethanolic, and enzymatic) of Rosa damascena and Hypericum perforatum were systematically evaluated against bacterial strains isolated from dental lesions (n = 6) and food sources (raw milk and broiler carcass, n = 2). Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), antibiofilm activity, and time-kill kinetics were assessed across a range of extract concentrations, revealing a dose-responsive effect. Notably, some extracts exhibited superior antibacterial efficacy compared to standard clinical antibiotics, and the time-kill kinetics demonstrated a rapid elimination of bacterial loads within 24 h. The susceptibility pattern proved strain-specific, contingent upon the extract type, yet all tested pathogens exhibited sensitivity. The identified extracts, rich in phenolic and polyphenolic compounds, as well as other antioxidant properties, contributed to their remarkable antibiotic effects. This comprehensive investigation not only highlights the potential of Rosa damascena and Hypericum perforatum extracts as potent antibacterial agents against diverse bacterial strains including caries pathogens, but also underscores their rapid action and dose-dependent efficacy. The findings suggest a promising avenue for harnessing plant-derived compounds in the development of novel antimicrobial strategies against dental caries and other oral inflammations, bridging the gap between natural resources and antibiotic discovery.
Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in Heart Failure: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Jha Shambhavi , Thasma Loganathbabu Vasanth Kanth , Kumaran Kasinathan , Krishnasamy Gopinath , Aruljothi Kandasamy Nagarajan
Published: December 2023

Heart failure (HF) is a widespread cardiovascular condition that poses significant risks to a wide spectrum of age groups and leads to terminal illness. Although our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of HF has improved, the available treatments still remain inadequate. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as crucial players in cardiac function, showing possibilities as potential targets for HF therapy. These versatile molecules interact with chromatin, proteins, RNA, and DNA, influencing gene regulation. Notable lncRNAs like Fendrr, Trpm3, and Scarb2 have demonstrated therapeutic potential in HF cases. Additionally, utilizing lncRNAs to forecast survival rates in HF patients and distinguish various cardiac remodeling conditions holds great promise, offering significant benefits in managing cardiovascular disease and addressing its far-reaching societal and economic impacts. This underscores the pivotal role of lncRNAs in the context of HF research and treatment.
On the Cranial Nerves
Authors: Libreros-Jiménez Hugo M. , Manzo Jorge , Rojas-Durán Fausto , Aranda-Abreu Gonzalo E. , García-Hernández Luis I. , Coria-Ávila Genaro A. , Herrera-Covarrubias Deissy , Pérez-Estudillo César A. , Toledo-Cárdenas María Rebeca , Hernández-Aguilar María Elena
Published: December 2023

The twelve cranial nerves play a crucial role in the nervous system, orchestrating a myriad of functions vital for our everyday life. These nerves are each specialized for particular tasks. Cranial nerve I, known as the olfactory nerve, is responsible for our sense of smell, allowing us to perceive and distinguish various scents. Cranial nerve II, or the optic nerve, is dedicated to vision, transmitting visual information from the eyes to the brain. Eye movements are governed by cranial nerves III, IV, and VI, ensuring our ability to track objects and focus. Cranial nerve V controls facial sensations and jaw movements, while cranial nerve VII, the facial nerve, facilitates facial expressions and taste perception. Cranial nerve VIII, or the vestibulocochlear nerve, plays a critical role in hearing and balance. Cranial nerve IX, the glossopharyngeal nerve, affects throat sensations and taste perception. Cranial nerve X, the vagus nerve, is a far-reaching nerve, influencing numerous internal organs, such as the heart, lungs, and digestive system. Cranial nerve XI, the accessory nerve, is responsible for neck muscle control, contributing to head movements. Finally, cranial nerve XII, the hypoglossal nerve, manages tongue movements, essential for speaking, swallowing, and breathing. Understanding these cranial nerves is fundamental in comprehending the intricate workings of our nervous system and the functions that sustain our daily lives.
First Experiences with Over-the-Counter Hearing Aids for Mild-to-Moderate Hearing Loss: A Case Report
Authors: Berenbrok Lucas A. , Duchen Annie , Cyr Tony , Mormer Elaine
Published: December 2023

This patient case report describes a first experience in late 2022 and early 2023 with over-the-counter (OTC) hearing aids for a 71-year-old male with self-perceived, age-related hearing loss. The patient reported no “red flag” medical conditions that would preclude him from safely using an OTC hearing aid device. After also meeting inclusionary criteria required to be printed on the device label, the patient was offered FDA registered OTC hearing aids. The first device pair was returned due to malfunction. The second device pair was an in-the-canal style, black in color, and powered by disposable batteries. He required help setting up the device from his spouse, an audiologist, and a pharmacist. Improved scores on the Self-Assessment of Communication and Significant Other Assessment of Communication were noted from the patient and his spouse. The patient continued to use the second device pair for 6 months after first use with no additional help. Our experience supports the pharmacist’s role in identifying appropriate candidates for OTC hearing aids, helping patients select a device, and supporting device setup and self-fitting processes at community pharmacies. Further experiences are needed to demonstrate how pharmacists can support OTC hearing aid purchases at community pharmacies.
Simulation and Experimental Study of Nanosecond Pulse Laser Removal of Epoxy Paint on 6061 Aluminum Alloy Surface
Authors: Li Yahui , Li Jingyi , Dong Hang , Zhang Wei , Jin Guangyong
Published: December 2023

Laser paint removal is a new cleaning technology that mainly removes paint through thermal ablation and mechanical stripping mechanisms. This paper established a thermal-mechanical coupling laser removal model of paint based on the heat conduction equation, Newton’s second law, and Fabbro’s theory. The removal process of epoxy resin paint film on an aluminum alloy surface via a nanosecond pulsed laser was studied using finite element simulations and experimental measurements. The simulation and experimental results show that the nanosecond pulse laser’s primary paint removal mechanism is the mechanical stripping caused by thermal stress and plasma shock. The laser paint removal threshold is 1.4 J/cm2. In addition, due to the different generation times of plasma shock and thermal stress, the mutual superposition of stress waves occurs in the material. This results in a discrepancy between the actual and thermal stress differences. Moreover, the thermal stress difference causes the maximum actual stress difference to fluctuate. The simulation model established in this paper can provide a reference for studying the thermal-mechanical coupling process of laser paint removal.
Design of a Scanning Module in a Confocal Microscopic Imaging System for Live-Cell Imaging
Authors: Tao Ran , Zhang Tao
Published: December 2023

This study proposes a Nipkow-based pinhole disk laser scanning confocal microscopic imaging system for ordinary optical microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and confocal microscopy imaging of biological samples in order to realize the dynamic experimental monitoring of space-based life science experiments and the fine observation of biological samples. Confocal microscopic imaging is mainly completed by a scanning module that is composed of a spinning disk and other components. The parameters of the spinning disk directly determine the quality of the image. During the design process, the resolution and signal-to-noise ratios caused by different pinhole diameters in the spinning disk are the main considerations. Changes and image blurring caused by crosstalk due to the pinhole arrangement and different pinhole spacings are addressed. The high photon efficiency of the new EMCCD (electron-multiplying charge-coupled device) and CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) camera reduces the exposure time as much as possible, reduces damage to living cells, and achieves high-speed confocal imaging. It is shown in a confocal imaging experiment with a variable magnification of 1–40× that the imaging resolution of the system can reach a maximum of 2592 × 1944, the spatial resolution can reach 1 μm, and the highest sampling frequency is 10 fps, thus meeting the design requirements for high-speed live-cell imaging.
Dynamic Micro-Vibration Measurement Based on Orbital Angular Momentum
Authors: Zhu Jialong , Zou Fucheng , Wang Le , Zhao Shengmei
Published: December 2023

In this study, we introduce a novel approach for dynamic micro-vibration measurement, employing an Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) interferometer, where the reference beam is Gaussian (GS) and the measurement beam is OAM. The OAM light reflected back from the target carries information about the target’s vibrations. The interference of the OAM light with Gaussian light generates petal-shaped patterns, and the target’s vibration information can be measured by detecting the rotation angle of these petals. Our proposed method demonstrates enhanced tolerance to misalignment and superior precision. The effects of vibration frequency, CCD frame rates, and Topological Charges (TCs) on measurement accuracy are analyzed thoroughly. Experimental results reveal that the proposed method offers a higher accuracy (up to 22.34 nm) and an extended measurement range of (0–800 cm). These capabilities render our technique highly suitable for applications demanding nanometer-scale resolution in various fields, including precision engineering and advanced optical systems.
Methods of Radiation Wavelength Tuning in Short-Pulsed Fibre Lasers
Authors: Kobtsev Sergey
Published: December 2023

Methods of output wavelength tuning in short-pulsed fibre lasers are analysed. Many of them rely on spectral selection principles long used in other types of lasers. For compatibility with the fibre-optical format, the corresponding elements are sealed in compact, airtight volumes with fibre-optical radiation input and output. A conclusion is presented about the relatively small number of inherently “fibre-optical” ways of tuning the wavelength of radiation. It is demonstrated that the range of output wavelength tuning in short-pulsed fibre lasers may span hundreds of nanometres (even without extension beyond the active medium gain contour through nonlinear effects). From the presented review results, it may be concluded that the search for the optimal tuning method complying with the user-preferred all-PM-fibre short-pulsed laser design is not yet complete.
An Efficient Method for Wavefront Aberration Correction Based on the RUN Optimizer
Authors: Yang Huizhen , Zang Xiangdong , Chen Peng , Hu Xingliu , Miao Yongqiang , Yan Zhaojun , Zhang Zhiguang
Published: December 2023

The correction of wavefront aberrations in wavefront sensorless (WFS-less) adaptive optical (AO) systems requires control algorithms that can ensure rapid convergence while maintaining effective correction capabilities. This paper proposes a novel control algorithm based on the RUNge Kutta optimizer (RUN) for WFS-less AO systems that enables the quick and efficient correction of small aberrations, as well as larger aberrations. To evaluate the convergence speed and correction capabilities of a WFS-less AO system based on the RUN control algorithm, we constructed a simulated AO system and an experimental setup with a 97-element deformable mirror (DM), respectively. Additionally, the results obtained with the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, Differential Evolution Algorithm (DEA), and Genetic Algorithm (GA) are also provided for comparison and analysis. Both the simulated and experimental results consistently demonstrated that our proposed method outperformed several competing algorithms in terms of correction performance and convergence speed. Furthermore, the experimental results further validate the effectiveness of our control algorithm in scenarios involving significant aberrations.
Long-Term Optical Monitoring of Broad-Line AGNs (LoTerm AGN): Case Study of NGC 3516
Authors: Ilić Dragana , Popović Luka Č. , Burenkov Alexander , Shablovinskaya Elena , Malygin Eugene , Uklein Roman , Moiseev Alexei V. , Oparin Dmitry , Patiño Álvarez Víctor M. , Chavushyan Vahram , Marziani Paola , D’Onofrio Mauro , Floris Alberto , Kovačević Andjelka B. , Jovičić Jovana , Miković Djordje , Rakić Nemanja , Simić Saša , Marčeta Mandić Sladjana , Ciroi Stefano , Vietri Amelia , Crepaldi Luca , del Olmo Ascensión
Published: December 2023

Properties of the broad line region (BLR) in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are commonly used to estimate the mass of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) that powers an AGN. However, the understanding of the physics behind the BLR remains incomplete. The AGNs exhibit strong optical variability, observed in the change of the profiles and fluxes of broad emission lines. Utilizing this variability provides an opportunity to constrain the physics of the BLR, and understand the interplay of the BLR with SMBH and surrounding regions. Here, we present the long-term monitoring campaign of a sample of the known broad-line AGNs (identified as LoTerm AGN). The aim of this study is to show the importance of sustained and dedicated campaigns that continually collect spectroscopic data of the known AGNs over extended timescales, providing unique insight into the origin and structure of the BLR. LoTerm AGN is a collaborative network of seven moderate-size telescopes equipped for spectroscopy. We focus on the recent spectral data of the known changing-look AGN, NGC 3516. Specifically, we examine the broad hydrogen Balmer Hα line observed in the period 2020–2023, demonstrating that this AGN remains active with the BLR signatures observed in the spectra. No significant change in the broad line profile of Hα line is observed during this recent period.
Analysis of Cavitation-Induced Unsteady Flow Conditions in Francis Turbines under High-Load Conditions
Authors: Wang Haobo , Zhou Daqing , Yu An , Guo Junxun
Published: December 2023

Hydraulic vibrations in Francis turbines caused by cavitation profoundly impact the overall hydraulic performance and operational stability. Therefore, to investigate the influence of cavitation phenomena under high-load conditions, a three-dimensional unsteady numerical simulation is carried out for a Francis turbine with different head operating conditions, which is combined with the SST k-w turbulence model and two-phase flow cavitation model to capture the evolution of cavitation under high-load conditions. Additionally, utilizing entropy production theory, the hydraulic losses of the Francis turbine during cavitation development are assessed. Contrary to the pressure-drop method, the entropy production theory can quantitatively reflect the characteristics of the local hydraulic loss distribution, with a calculated error coefficient τ not exceeding 2%. The specific findings include: the primary sources of energy loss inside the turbine are the airfoil cavitation and cavitation vortex rope, constituting 26% and 71% of the total hydraulic losses, respectively. According to the comparison with model tests, the vapor volume fraction (VVF) inside the draft tube fluctuates periodically under high-load conditions, causing low-frequency pressure pulsation in the turbine’s power, flow rate, and other external characteristic parameters at 0.37 Hz, and the runner radial force fluctuates at a frequency of 1.85 Hz.
Experimental Characterization of Bimodal Granular Flow
Authors: Svoboda Lukáš , Picek Tomáš , Matoušek Václav
Published: December 2023

Solid–liquid flows are encountered in various industrial and natural environments. The internal structure of such flows is highly sensitive to the grading of the solid particles present. In this experimental study, an extended stereometric method is employed to assess the distributions of velocity of particles of different fractions, distinguished by different colors, in vertical and nearly horizontal granular flows. In the vertical flow experiments, mixtures comprising three fractions of lightweight particles, characterized by a very similar density, size, and shape, were tested. The results affirmed the method’s ability to discern particle velocity differences on the order of millimeters per second, establishing its suitability for characterizing nearly horizontal open-channel flows with bimodal mixtures that are stratified and exhibit more complex velocity distributions. Tilting flume experiments, incorporating additional measurements of water velocity distribution, allowed for the evaluation of local slip between water and particles, as well as between particles of the two fractions in the flow. The results indicated that, although the local slip velocity was relatively small, the average slip velocity between the carrying water and transported particles was significantly larger. This factor must be taken into consideration when evaluating bed friction or bed erosion for granular flow in a channel with an erodible bed.
Effect of Storage Conditions on Physical Properties, Lipid Oxidation, Isoflavones and Antioxidant Capacity of Flour Prepared from Soy Milk By-Product
Authors: Davy Philip , Akanbi Taiwo O. , Scarlett Christopher J. , Kirkman Timothy , Vuong Quan
Published: December 2023

During the production of soy milk, a by-product is produced, which is typically treated as a waste material. This by-product has significant levels of dietary fibre, proteins, isoflavones and antioxidant capacity. As such, it has been recommended as an effective functional ingredient when milled to a flour after drying at 100 °C. The shelf-life stability of this dried by-product is relatively unknown when stored under different storage conditions (2 °C, 20 °C and 40 °C) and initial moisture content (9%, 12% and 14%), both packaged and exposed to immediate environments. This study investigated the impact of storage over ten weeks on the physical properties, lipid oxidation, antioxidant capacity and stability of isoflavones of this functional ingredient. The results showed that exposure significantly affected the stability of flour, especially on moisture content, water activity, isoflavone concentration and lipid oxidation. Different initial moisture contents significantly affected the initial and final colour, alongside final moisture and water activity when stored covered at 2 °C and 20 °C. Different storage temperatures were found to affect the moisture content, water activity, lipid oxidation, conversion of isoflavones and antioxidant capacity, with all tested initial moisture contents. Of note, higher conversion rates of malonyl isoflavones to β-glucosides were observed at high temperatures and longer times, while a minimum change in aglycone content occurred. In conclusion, the stability of this flour is least influenced by the initial moisture content but is more affected by high storage temperature and unpackaged conditions.
A Robust Noise Estimation Algorithm Based on Redundant Prediction and Local Statistics
Authors: Xie Huangxin , Yi Shengxian , Yang Zhongjiong
Published: December 2023

Blind noise level estimation is a key issue in image processing applications that helps improve the visualization and perceptual quality of images. In this paper, we propose an improved block-based noise level estimation algorithm. The proposed algorithm first extracts homogenous patches from a single noisy image using local features, obtaining the covariance matrix eigenvalues of the patches, and constructs dynamic thresholds for outlier discrimination. By analyzing the correlations between scene complexity, noise strength, and other parameters, a nonlinear discriminant coefficient regression model is fitted to accurately predict the number of redundant dimensions and calculate the actual noise level according to the statistical properties of the elements in the redundancy dimension. The experimental results show that the accuracy and robustness of the proposed algorithm are better than those of the existing noise estimation algorithms in various scenes under different noise levels. It performs well overall in terms of performance and execution speed.
Ultrasonic Features for Evaluation of Adhesive Joints: A Comparative Study of Interface Defects
Authors: Smagulova Damira , Yilmaz Bengisu , Jasiuniene Elena
Published: December 2023

Ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation in pulse-echo mode is used for the inspection of single-lap aluminum adhesive joints, which contain interface defects in bonding area. The aim of the research is to increase the probability of defect detection in addition to ensuring that the defect sizes are accurately estimated. To achieve this, this study explores additional ultrasonic features (not only amplitude) that could provide more accurate information about the quality of the structure and the presence of interface defects. In this work, two types of interface defects, namely inclusions and delaminations, were studied based on the extracted ultrasonic features in order to evaluate the expected feasibility of defect detection and the evaluation of its performance. In addition, an analysis of multiple interface reflections, which have been proved to improve detection in our previous works, was applied along with the extraction of various ultrasonic features, since it can increase the probability of defect detection. The ultrasonic features with the best performance for each defect type were identified and a comparative analysis was carried out, showing that it is more challenging to size inclusion-type defects compared to delaminations. The best performance is observed for the features such as peak-to-peak amplitude, ratio coefficients, absolute energy, absolute time of flight, mean value of the amplitude, standard deviation value, and variation coefficient for both types of defects. The maximum relative error of the defect size compared to the real one for these features is 16.9% for inclusions and 3.6% for delaminations, with minimum errors of 11.4% and 2.2%, respectively. In addition, it was determined that analysis of the data from repetitive reflections from the sample interface, namely, the aluminum-adhesive second and third reflections, that these contribute to an increase in the probability of defect detection.
The Strength of Rail Vehicles Transported by a Ferry Considering the Influence of Sea Waves on Its Hull
Authors: Lovska Alyona , Gerlici Juraj , Dižo Ján , Ishchuk Vadym
Published: December 2023

The article presents the results of a determination of the load attributed to rail vehicles transported by a ferry, considering the influence of sea waves on its hull. A mathematic model describing the displacements of a train ferry, which transported rail vehicles on its decks during rolling oscillations, was created. Calculated accelerations were used to identify the load of components from a dynamics point of view and they were subsequently applied as an input to the analysis of the strength of the open wagon main-bearing structure in a standard scheme of interaction with a train ferry deck. The calculated maximal equivalent stresses in the structure of the fastening units exceeded the valid permissible values. To confirm the theoretical results, experimental studies focused on the strength analysis of the open wagon placed on the railway ferry deck, which was performed in real operational conditions. Electrical voltage sensors were used to determine stress distribution in the areas where the body was attached to the deck. In this case, sensors of the strain gauges, i.e., tensiometers, were used. The base of 25 mm is a dimensional parameter and the resistance, 124 Ohms, is the tensiometer parameter. Verification has been performed and, based on the obtained experimental results, it has been established that the hypothesis’ adequacy is not rejected. The authors developed some measures for adaption of the lashing devices for rail cars on train ferries, which can ensure their safe transportation by sea. The strength calculation demonstrated that, in the new scheme of securing the transported railway vehicles on the railway train ferry, the stresses in its structure do not exceed the permissible values. The article also includes information about the results of the strength calculation of a container placed on a roll trailer transported by a train ferry. This research will contribute to the development of measures regarding the safety of railway vehicle transportation by sea ferry and better efficiency of train ferry transportation.
Weighted Domain Adaptation Using the Graph-Structured Dataset Representation for Machinery Fault Diagnosis under Varying Operating Conditions
Authors: Choi Junhyuk , Kong Dohyeon , Cho Hyunbo
Published: December 2023

Data-driven fault diagnosis has received significant attention in the era of big data. Most data-driven methods have been developed under the assumption that both training and test data come from identical data distributions. However, in real-world industrial scenarios, data distribution often changes due to varying operating conditions, leading to a degradation of diagnostic performance. Although several domain adaptation methods have shown their feasibility, existing methods have overlooked metadata from the manufacturing process and treated all domains uniformly. To address these limitations, this article proposes a weighted domain adaptation method using a graph-structured dataset representation. Our framework involves encoding a collection of datasets into the proposed graph structure, which captures relations between datasets based on metadata and raw data simultaneously. Then, transferability scores of candidate source datasets for a target are estimated using the constructed graph and a graph embedding model. Finally, the fault diagnosis model is established with a voting ensemble of the base classifiers trained on candidate source datasets and their estimated transferability scores. For validation, two case studies on rotor machinery, specifically tool wear and bearing fault detection, were conducted. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method over other existing domain adaptation methods.
Design of a High Q-Factor Label-Free Optical Biosensor Based on a Photonic Crystal Coupled Cavity Waveguide
Authors: Jannesari Reyhaneh , Pühringer Gerald , Stocker Gerald , Grille Thomas , Jakoby Bernhard
Published: December 2023

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in research into silicon-based on-chip sensing. In this paper, a coupled cavity waveguide (CCW) based on a slab photonic crystal structure was designed for use as a label-free biosensor. The photonic crystal consisted of holes arranged in a triangular lattice. The incorporation of defects can be used to design sensor devices, which are highly sensitive to even slight alterations in the refractive index with a small quantity of analyte. The plane wave expansion method (PWE) was used to study the dispersion and profile of the CCW modes, and the finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique was used to study the transmission spectrum, quality factor, and sensitivity. We present an analysis of adiabatically coupling light into a coupled cavity waveguide. The results of the simulation indicated that a sensitivity of 203 nm/RIU and a quality factor of 13,360 could be achieved when the refractive indices were in the range of 1.33 to 1.55.
Object Recognition and Grasping for Collaborative Robots Based on Vision
Authors: Sun Ruohuai , Wu Chengdong , Zhao Xue , Zhao Bin , Jiang Yang
Published: December 2023

This study introduces a parallel YOLO–GG deep learning network for collaborative robot target recognition and grasping to enhance the efficiency and precision of visual classification and grasping for collaborative robots. First, the paper outlines the target classification and detection task, the grasping system of the robotic arm, and the dataset preprocessing method. The real-time recognition and grasping network can identify a diverse spectrum of unidentified objects and determine the target type and appropriate capture box. Secondly, we propose a parallel YOLO–GG deep vision network based on YOLO and GG-CNN. Thirdly, the YOLOv3 network, pre-trained with the COCO dataset, identifies the object category and position, while the GG-CNN network, trained using the Cornell Grasping dataset, predicts the grasping pose and scale. This study presents the processes for generating a target’s grasping frame and recognition type using GG-CNN and YOLO networks, respectively. This completes the investigation of parallel networks for target recognition and grasping in collaborative robots. Finally, the experimental results are evaluated on the self-constructed NEU-COCO dataset for target recognition and positional grasping. The speed of detection has improved by 14.1%, with an accuracy of 94%. This accuracy is 4.0% greater than that of YOLOv3. Experimental proof was obtained through a robot grasping actual objects.
Optimization of the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Pomace from Querétaro, Mexico, Using MSPD
Authors: Daniela Tellez-Robles , del Socorro López-Cortez Ma. , Fortunata Santoyo-Tepole , Patricia Rosales-Martínez , Felipe García-Ochoa , Teresa Hernández-Botello Mayuric , de la Paz Salgdo-Cruz María
Published: December 2023

Red wine contains polyphenols which are extracted during the winemaking process. However, winemaking is not an extraction; therefore, the resulting byproducts still have a substantial polyphenol content. The aim of this study was to compare two methods for the extraction of phenolic compounds: maceration and matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD). Grape pomace (Vitis vinifera var. Cabernet Sauvignon) from a winery in Querétaro, Mexico was used. The optimal conditions for both methods were identified. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were the response variables. A central composite design was used (Minitab 17) for the extraction by maceration. The maceration time (1, 4, 12, 20, and 24 h) and the ratio of ethanol (50 to 80%) acidified with 1% HCl were the two factors studied. For the MSPD extraction, sea sand was used as a dispersant, and a 22 factorial design was employed for the evaluation, with the elution volume and the ratio of sample/dispersant being the two factors analyzed. The optimal extraction method was MSPD with 96 mL (acidified ethanol) as the elution volume and a 1:2 ratio of sample/dispersant. Using these conditions, 14.01 ± 0.19 mMol TEAC/100 g db (Trolox equivalent of antioxidant capacity) of grape pomace was obtained, whereas the total phenolic content was 2836.73 ± 41.90 mg GAE/100 g db. These values are greater than those obtained by maceration. These conditions are close to those predicted by the model (analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a level of significance of 5% (p < 0.05) and a Tukey comparison test for determining significant differences in the comparison of results).
A Sustainable Risk Management Model and Instruments for Young Farmers in EU Agriculture
Authors: Figurek Aleksandra , Morphi Katerina , Thrassou Alkis
Published: December 2023

Young farmers are ready to embrace innovation, smart agriculture, and science-based research to ensure that their work has long-term viability, profitability, and productivity. To prevent the farming population from aging and to ensure farming success, financial support must be provided through instruments that are specifically aimed at young farmers. It is necessary that youth have access to agricultural land policy throughout the EU for the agricultural sector to remain sustainable. In the European Union, young farmers manage farms that are in the lowest-size group. The limited financial possibilities available to young people in the EU exacerbate this. The relationships between risk management instruments and other interventions (such as direct payment and ex-post instruments) and the integration of these tools into national and EU policy frameworks must be thoroughly examined in future policy. Evaluating the possible repercussions of risk management being widely implemented as well as measuring the anticipated variations in farm revenue and the volatility of agricultural commodity prices are equally crucial. Therefore, the present article utilized extant data to conduct a comparative analysis and ultimately present a set of multidisciplinary and quantitative indicators of supportive measures for young farmers in the EU, while also identifying the requisite areas for improvement.
Broadband Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (BBCEAS) Coupled with an Interferometer for On-Band and Off-Band Detection of Glyoxal
Authors: Flowerday Callum E. , Thalman Ryan , Asplund Matthew C. , Hansen Jaron C.
Published: December 2023

Glyoxal (CHOCHO) is a trace gas in the atmosphere, often used as an indicator of biogenic emissions. It is frequently compared to formaldehyde concentrations, which serve as indicators of anthropogenic emissions, to gain insights into the characteristics of the environmental source. This study employed broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy to detect gaseous CHOCHO, methylglyoxal, and NO2. Two different detection methods are compared. Spectrograph and CCD Detection: This approach involves coupling the system to a spectrograph with a charge-coupled device (CCD) detector. It achieved a 1 min 1-σ detection limit of 2.5 × 108 molecules/cm3, or 10 parts per trillion (ppt). Methylglyoxal and NO2 achieved 1 min 1-σ detection limits of 34 ppt and 22 ppt, respectively. Interferometer and PMT Detection: In this method, an interferometer is used in conjunction with a photomultiplier tube (PMT) detector. It resulted in a 2 min 1-σ detection limit of 1.5 × 1010 molecules/cm3, or 600 ppt. The NO2 2 min 1-σ detection limit was determined to be 900 ppt. Concentrations of methylglyoxal were difficult to determine using this method, as they appeared to be below the detection limit of the instrument. This study discusses the advantages and limitations of each of these detection methods.
Detection of Solar Neutrons and Solar Neutron Decay Protons
Authors: Muraki Yasushi , Koi Tatsumi , Masuda Satoshi , Matsubara Yutaka , Miranda Pedro , Miyake Shoko , Naito Tsuguya , Ortiz Ernesto , Oshima Akitoshi , Sako Takashi , Shibata Shoichi , Takamaru Hisanori , Tokumaru Munetoshi , Valdés-Galicia Jóse F. , Watanabe Kyoko
Published: December 2023

Solar flares are broadly classified as impulsive or gradual. Ions accelerated in a gradual flare are thought to be accelerated through a shock acceleration mechanism, but the particle acceleration process in an impulsive flare is still largely unexplored. To understand the acceleration process, it is necessary to measure the high-energy gamma rays and neutrons produced by the impulsive flare. Under such circumstances, on 7 November 2004, a huge X2.0 flare occurred on the solar surface, where ions were accelerated to energies greater than 10 GeV. The accelerated primary protons collided with the solar atmosphere and produced line gamma rays and neutrons. These particles were received as neutrons and line gamma rays, respectively. Neutrons of a few GeV, on the other hand, decay to produce secondary protons while traveling 0.06 au in the solar–terrestrial space. These secondary protons arrive at the magnetopause. Although the flux of secondary protons is very low, the effect of collecting secondary protons arriving in a wide region of the magnetosphere (the Funnel or Horn effect) has resulted in significant signals being received by the solar neutron telescope at Mt. Sierra Negra (4600 m). This information suggests that ions on the solar surface are accelerated to over 10 GeV with an impulsive flare.
Uso de Equipamentos locais e Remotos para Determinação de Conforto Térmico na Integração Fruticultura Pecuária em Ovinos na Amazônia
Authors: Rafagnin Polyana , Marcelo Caravina Sandro
Published: December 2023

O conforto térmico é fator relevante refletindo no desempenho animal na ovinocultura, destacando pontos negativos causados na produção. Utiliza-se do Índice de Temperatura e Umidade (ITU), produto da combinação de temperatura ambiente e umidade relativa do ar relacionado à sensação térmica. Os equipamentos coletores dos dados para o cálculo de ITU possuem alto valor aquisitivo, o que acaba limitando sua aquisição. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi comparar o ITU obtido com dados recolhidos pelo equipamento de baixo custo ao índice fornecido pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia – INMET. Em relação aos procedimentos, os índices foram coletados da estação do INMET e fornecidos pelo Sistema de Suporte à Decisão na Agropecuária (SISDAGRO), localizados nos municípios do de Guarantã do Norte/MT, região sul amazônica. O ITU disponibilizado pelo SISDAGRO foi comparado como dados recolhidos a 3,1 km da estação do INMET no local do experimento, com uso de um equipamento de baixo custo, avaliando-se a viabilidade e a precisão. A pesquisa conduzida de julho/2022 à janeiro/2023 em Guarantã do Norte-MT. Para comparativo, os dados foram levantados com uso do equipamento de menor custo, o AK23®, que tem por limitação fornecer somente as temperaturas de máxima e mínima. Para complemento dos dados, o equipamento de referência utilizado foi o Datallogger (KR430®), que fornece os dados de temperatura e umidade. Conclui-se que o uso de equipamento de baixo custo não comprometeu a precisão do ITU, mesmo quando os dados de umidade foram obtidos de forma remota.
Features of cultivation of hydrid forms of sturgeon fish in quarriers of the Rostov region
Authors:   Kerchensk State Marine Technological University, Russia, Kerch, Milovanov I.S. , Ponomareva E.N. ,   Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Rostov-on-Don, Grigoriev V.A. ,   Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Rostov-on-Don, Sorokina M.N. ,   Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Rostov-on-Don, Rihavi Adnan ,   Dagestan State Agrarian University named after M.M. Dzhambulatov, Russia, Makhachkala
Published: December 2023

The paper presents the results of growing juvenile sturgeon species and their hybrid forms in a mine pit lake in the Rostov region. In the Rostov region, there are many mine pit lake that can be successfully used to organize economic activities for the cultivation of valuable aquaculture objects, such as sturgeon fish. It has been established that the hydrochemical regime of the lake from May to September is favorable for the cultivation of juvenile sturgeon fish species and their hybrid forms. Studies have shown that the highest growth rate for 30 days of growing in pools was shown by beluga juveniles, its absolute increase was 1200 mg with a survival rate of 75%. Lenk and Bester had an increase of 565 mg and 710 mg, respectively. The most highly sensitive was the transition of juveniles to active nutrition, when the yolk sac in the larvae resolved by 2/3. The fastest transition and the least waste was observed in the larvae of bester and lenka. Upon reaching the age of 30 days, the juveniles were transplanted into cages, where good growth of beluga juveniles and hybrids was noted. On June 15 (40 days), the juveniles switched completely to dry food. At the same time, the average weight of the beluga was 3.5 g. It should be noted that with the complete transfer of beluga juveniles to dry food, the waste was from 3 to 5%. The young of Lenka and bester adapted better to dry food, the waste did not exceed 2%. The largest growth was in juveniles of all sturgeon species in August and early September.
System for evaluating applications for participation in the procurement of goods, works, and services to meet municipal and state needs
Authors:   Higher School of Business, Management and Law, Russian State University of Tourism and Service (Moscow), Shikov A. N.
Published: December 2023

Most tenders for the procurement of goods, works, and services to meet municipal and state needs are held on a competitive basis. The most important component of any competition is the ranking of applications. For these purposes, there are criteria and an evaluation system. At the moment, Federal Law No. 44-FZ and related documents do not fully describe and establish the application evaluation system. This article contains a description of one of the possible evaluation systems, as well as a method for securing it.
Intellectual property using patent registers as an indicator of business systems development efficiency
Authors:   National Research University ", Tretyakova L. A. ,   Belgorod State University"
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the article is to clarify the impact of intellectual property using patent registers as an indicator of the efficiency of business systems development. The model additionally correlates patent activity with economic growth and development. There is a positive dynamic of activity between an increase in investment resources in research and development (R&D), on the one hand, and economic growth and development, on the other hand, which is observed through an increase in the volume of national patent applications. The development and implementation of state policies aimed at increasing intellectual capital and innovation can benefit the developing economy in many ways, including by ensuring the effectiveness of business systems development.