bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved Electrochemical Oxidative Degradation of Reactive Red 24 Dye by BDD Anodes Coupled with Nitrate
Authors: Tang Yining , He Deliang , Guo Yanni , Shang Jun , Zhou Lei , Pan Rong , Dong Wei , Liu Mengli
Published: March 2022

It is novelty proposed to use electrochemical oxidation (EO) coupled with BDD anode and nitrate to improve Reactive Red 24 (RR24) removal efficiency in wastewater treatment. The effects of operating parameters in the EO-NO3
−/SO4
2− system on the decolorization efficiency of RR24 were discussed, and the optimal operating parameters were obtained. The energy consumption for 100% decolorization within 15 min is 0.92 kWh m−3, and the total organic carbon (TOC) reaches 51.35% within 90 min. The degradation efficiency is excellent and energy saving. Through the effect of quenchers on RR24 decolorization efficiency, various active species in the EO process were studied. It was found that •OH was closely related to the decolorization degradation of RR24, reaching a contribution rate of 99.47%. This is due to the catalytic effect of NO3
−, which greatly increases the generation rate of •OH. Finally, we propose the degradation pathways of RR24 by UV–vis spectrum and HPLC-MS test, indicating that the azo bond is broken first, then the C–N bond between the benzene or naphthalene ring and the triazine ring is broken until it is mineralized to H2O and CO2. Therefore, it an efficient and environmentally friendly combined oxidation technology to degrade RR24 dye wastewater.
Cerium-Based MOF as a Separator Coating for High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Su Yuchen , Wang Wensheng , Wang Weikun , Wang Anbang , Huang Yaqin , Guan Yuepeng
Published: March 2022

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are among the most promising batteries due to their high theoretical energy density (2600 Wh kg−1), low cost, and non-toxicity. However, many challenges need to be addressed for their practical applications, particularly the “shuttle effect.” Here, we successfully synthesized a composite of Ce-UiO-66-NH2 (Ce-MOF) and designed a multifunctional separator coating for high-performance Li-S batteries. The physical barrier and the strong interaction between polysulfides and the metal sites in Ce-MOF in the Ce-MOF-based separator coating can inhibit the “shuttle effect.” The battery with Ce-MOF-based separator coating delivered a high initial capacity of 1366.3 mAh g−1 with good cycling stability and high Coulombic efficiency (CE) at 0.2 C (1 C = 1675 mA g−1). Furthermore, the Li-S batteries with Ce-MOF-based separator coating demonstrate superior retention capacity (0.09% decay rate per cycle, 300 cycles at 1 C) with a high sulfur loading of 3.5 mg cm−2. Our results showed that Ce-MOF could be a promising material for enhancing the performance of Li-S batteries.
Tracing Low Amounts of Mg in the Doped Cathode Active Material LiNiO2
Authors: Weber Daniel , Lin Jing , Pokle Anuj , Volz Kerstin , Janek Jürgen , Brezesinski Torsten , Bianchini Matteo
Published: March 2022

The resurgence of electromobility drives the need for high energy density cathode materials. LiNiO2 (LNO) meets this demand, based on its high specific capacity in a narrow voltage range and without relying on scare elements. Yet, it has been plagued by various issues, such as poor cycling performance and thermal instability. Adding dopants, such as widely available Mg2+, is a common strategy to balance cycling performance and energy density. Most prior studies focused on large Mg content ranges and were based on laboratory X-ray diffraction. Hence, the influence of Mg2+ addition on the crystal structure remains ambiguous, especially when small amounts are used (≤ 5 mol%; particularly interesting for industrial applications). Here, we present a systematic study of LiNi1−y
Mg
y
O2 (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.05) investigated by high-resolution synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction combined with elemental analysis, electron microscopy and electrochemical testing. The synthetic route relies on the addition of 10 nm Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles prior to the final calcination, as well as on co-precipitation. It is found that Mg2+ mostly occupies the Ni site until saturating at ∼1.7%, then the Li site becomes preferred. This trend in the site occupancies influences the lattice parameters, oxygen coordinate within the unit cell and Ni–O bond distances. Doping also modifies the electrochemical behavior as a cathode material, stabilizing the capacity retention during cycling but sacrificing specific discharge capacity. Laboratory-based operando X-ray diffraction reveals that the increase in capacity retention is due to the suppression of the H2-H3 phase transition and interlayer distance collapse already in 3% Mg-doped LNO. The combination of structural and electrochemical characterization of doped LNO provides useful insights into the structural chemistry of the Mg2+ dopant and can serve as a starting point to understand Mg as a component in multiple dopant strategies for cathode material design and application.
The Occurrence of Aflatoxins in Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Worldwide
Authors: Almaghrabi Merfat Abdulrahman
Published: March 2022

Due to global warming, the risk of aflatoxins exposure through the consumption of contaminated food has increased. Aflatoxins pose serious health hazards to humans’ and animals’ health because of their carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic properties and their immunosuppressive effects. Aflatoxin contamination in various agricultural commodities has attracted much attention worldwide. Date palm fruits are among these important commodities that are vulnerable to fungal contamination and consequent aflatoxins production. Furthermore, dates are often consumed directly without any further processing, which may result in direct exposure to aflatoxins. Moreover, dates are the second dried fruits traded worldwide, which reflects the widespread consumption of dates due to their nutritive values in addition to religious and cultural values. Accordingly, this review summarizes and discusses the frequency and incidence of aflatoxin contamination in dates worldwide and outlines the analytical procedure for aflatoxin determination in dates for the first time. The susceptibility of date palm fruits to aflatoxins contamination has been documented at various levels in several regions. The findings urged the importance of conducting more comprehensive studies on aflatoxin occurrence and contamination levels in dates as a likely contributor to the dietary exposure to aflatoxins.
Study on Sedimentary Facies and Reservoir Characteristics of Paleogene Sandstone in Yingmaili Block, Tarim Basin
Authors: Cheng Hanlie , Wei Jianfei , Cheng Zhaoyuan
Published: March 2022

Block Yingmai 7 is structurally located in the western segment of the southern margin of the Kuqa Depression in the Tarim Basin. In the foreland basin, huge continental Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata have been deposited. In recent years, the Paleogene bottom sandstone section has been the main oil and gas exploration horizon. In order to further improve the oil and gas exploration effect of the Paleogene bottom sandstone in the study area and improve the accuracy of reservoir prediction, based on the related theory of sedimentology and petrology, this paper analyzes and studies the cores obtained by drilling in the Paleogene through laboratory core analysis experiments. The study shows that the Paleogene bottom sandstone is a braided river delta sedimentary system, and the sedimentary microfacies are mainly underwater distributary channels. The sandstone type is mainly light gray lithic feldspar fine sandstone, the sandstone debris particle sorting degree is medium-good, and the roundness is sub-edge-sub-circular. The microscopic characteristics of the reservoir are large pore throat radius, low displacement pressure, mainly intergranular pores, and good pore connectivity. It is a thin-layered mesoporous, medium-permeable, large-throat, and strongly heterogeneous reservoir. Finally, a classification evaluation table of reservoirs in block Yingmai 7 is established, and it is considered that the reservoirs of types I and II are enriched areas of oil and gas resources. The research results provide evidence for the prediction of oil and gas reservoirs.
Breast Tumor Classification Using Intratumoral Quantitative Ultrasound Descriptors
Authors: Muhtadi Sabiq
Published: March 2022

Breast cancer is a global epidemic, responsible for one of the highest mortality rates among women. Ultrasound imaging is becoming a popular tool for breast cancer screening, and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) techniques are being increasingly applied by researchers in an attempt to characterize breast tissue. Several different quantitative descriptors for breast cancer have been explored by researchers. This study proposes a breast tumor classification system using the three major types of intratumoral QUS descriptors which can be extracted from ultrasound radiofrequency (RF) data: spectral features, envelope statistics features, and texture features. A total of 16 features were extracted from ultrasound RF data across two different datasets, of which one is balanced and the other is severely imbalanced. The balanced dataset contains RF data of 100 patients with breast tumors, of which 48 are benign and 52 are malignant. The imbalanced dataset contains RF data of 130 patients with breast tumors, of which 104 are benign and 26 are malignant. Holdout validation was used to split the balanced dataset into 60% training and 40% testing sets. Feature selection was applied on the training set to identify the most relevant subset for the classification of benign and malignant breast tumors, and the performance of the features was evaluated on the test set. A maximum classification accuracy of 95% and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.968 was obtained on the test set. The performance of the identified relevant features was further validated on the imbalanced dataset, where a hybrid resampling strategy was firstly utilized to create an optimal balance between benign and malignant samples. A maximum classification accuracy of 93.01%, sensitivity of 94.62%, specificity of 91.4%, and AUC of 0.966 were obtained. The results indicate that the identified features are able to distinguish between benign and malignant breast lesions very effectively, and the combination of the features identified in this research has the potential to be a significant tool in the noninvasive rapid and accurate diagnosis of breast cancer.
The Role of Wireless Sensors in the Quality Monitoring of Students’ Physical Fitness Tests under the Background of National Fitness
Authors: Xu Ruixia
Published: March 2022

With the continuous development of Chinese economy and the continuous improvement of national living standards, the country’s emphasis on students’ physique has also increased. This has greatly breakthrough the conditions for health testing of students’ physique in our country. With the assistance of wireless sensors, students’ physical health quality monitoring has accurate data statistics and research. Hop positioning algorithm, compressed sensing matching tracking algorithm, and RSSI technology have been analyzed from the perspectives of students’ ideas, life, and learning, and school sports support. It is found that nearly 50% of students in a college are not very health-conscious, while only 26% have a good knowledge of health. In the 50 m running test, the average score for boys is

807
+
124
 
s

, and the average for girls is

914
±
108
 
s

. The data is accurate to 0.01% with the help of wireless sensor technology. At the same time, combined with the testing data of sports events, we found that the physical fitness of students is generally low. This has a lot to do with the living habits of the students and the physical exercises in the school.
Construction of Carbon Audit and Verification System Framework Based on Intelligent Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Guo Jiong
Published: March 2022

With the large amount of carbon emissions from many enterprises over the years, the global greenhouse effect is getting worse. In order to protect the climate and environment on which we depend, the world is taking active measures to reduce carbon emissions as much as possible. At present, the domestic carbon auditing and verification system is relatively late and immature, and the traditional system efficiency is relatively low. Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a particularly flexible distributed wireless communication network, which can coordinate the perception, processing, transmission, and collection of data of objects perceived within the network until the data content is transmitted to the user terminal. This paper aims to study and design an intelligent network model based on WSN so as to calculate and verify the carbon emissions of enterprises and countries. In this paper, an intelligent WSN model based on ZigBee technology is proposed to build an efficient, low-consumption, and high-precision carbon audit and verification system framework. In this paper, the system framework is referred to as ZWCA for short, that is, the carbon audit and verification system framework of WSN based on ZigBee. In addition, this paper compares the ZWCA framework with the traditional carbon audit and verification system in several groups to analyze the practical feasibility and advantages of the ZWCA framework. The test results show that the ZWCA framework proposed in this paper can audit and verify the carbon emissions of major enterprises very well, and the initial startup power of the ZWCA framework is only 1/2 of the traditional one. At the same time, its actual running power consumption is only 3/4 of that of the traditional audit and verification system framework, and the calculation accuracy is as high as 99%. Moreover, the number of node deaths has decreased, and the system stability has been significantly improved.
Preoperative Cryopreservation Promotes Digital Survival after Digit Replantation
Authors: Tian Yu , Li Nan , Wang Wei , Liu Lei
Published: March 2022

Cryopreservation has been applied in the replantation of limbs with a minimal amount of muscle tissue replanted. And small composite tissues have also been reported to be successfully replanted by preoperative cryopreservation. In this study, we aimed to study the effect of preoperative cryopreservation on digital survival after digit replantation. Accordingly, we collected and compared the demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with digit injury of patients, and we observed no significant difference between the NT and CP patients of digital injury. We also investigated the records of successful digit replantation and other parameters which influenced the odds of digital survival of all recruited patients. Accordingly, we found that the number of survived digits was remarkably increased in patients in the CP group compared with that in patients in the NT group. And the number of patients requiring blood transfusion and the mean length of hospital stay were notably decreased in the CP group. And compared with other patient characteristics, the mechanism of injury (blade, crush, or avulsion) showed a remarkable difference between the two groups of digital failure. Moreover, we analyzed the correlations between patient characteristics and the odds of digit survival and found that compared with other basic characteristics of patients and their injury, the preservation temperature, especially cryopreservation, could significantly promote digital survival after replantation.
Analysis Model of Personality and Psychological Characteristics of Network Users under High-Pressure Working Environment
Authors: Yang Bin
Published: March 2022

Based on the prediction of social network psychological indicators, this paper studies the analysis model of network users’ personality and psychological characteristics under a high-pressure working environment. Through the analysis of five common network users’ personalities, the characteristics of personality psychology are extracted. Combined with the high-pressure working environment, this paper analyzes the characteristics of network users’ personalities and psychology, collects the characteristics of network users’ personality themes, and analyzes the characteristics of the dynamic extended dictionary. In order to ensure the accuracy of feature analysis, the author’s LDA algorithm is used to predict the network short text psychological index of network users under a high-pressure working environment. The experimental results show that the model designed in this paper is better than the traditional method in practical application.
Analysis of 3D Cobweb Economic Differential Dynamic System Based on Supply‐Demand and Price Relationships
Authors: Gao Debao
Published: March 2022

When the supply and demand of commodities are out of equilibrium, the dynamic changes in supply and demand are mainly manifested in the dynamic fluctuation of commodity prices and the change of price will drive the change of supply and demand. This paper proposes a method for constructing a three‐dimensional cobweb economic model using the “predator‐prey” theory. Firstly, based on the intrinsic driving relationships among supply, price, and demand, a differential dynamic model of the commodity and a pulse differential model when productivity increases are established. Secondly, the differential dynamics theory is used to analyze the existence of the model’s positive equilibrium and to prove its global asymptotic stability, uniform boundedness, persistence, and existence of the periodic solution. Finally, the correctness of the conclusions of the model is verified by numerical simulation. The relevant conclusions of model (1) reveal the evolution laws of supply, price, and demand that fluctuate around the positive equilibrium and tend to balance. Model (32) reveals that with the continuous improvement of production technology, supply quantity, price, and demand will fluctuate, but all three will change periodically. These conclusions can provide valuable help for people in the production, sale, and purchase of goods.
Sustainable Competitive Advantage through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Green Behavior Strategies
Authors: Abubakar Ahmed , Belwal Shweta , Mohammed Nuhu , Mohammed Umaru Danladi
Published: March 2022

Driven by the pursuit of sustainable competitive advantage and consideration of the impact of corporate social responsibility activities on society and the need for environmentally friendly behaviors to improve companies’ sustainable performance, this study investigates the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on firm performance through the use of green behavior. An empirical survey was carried out, data was collected from 176 respondents, constituting a 61.8% response rate of the sample of 278 employees, and the hypotheses derived from the literature review were tested using structural equation modeling. Firm performance was empirically found to be significantly impacted by both CSR and green behavior. Furthermore, the findings suggest that green behavior mediates the relationships between CSR and firm performance. By establishing the mediating role of green behavior, the study contributes to and expands the literature on firm performance and sustainable competitive advantage. Companies, thereby adopting green behavior, can enhance a firm’s performance and attain a sustainable competitive advantage.
Digital Protection Technology of Cultural Heritage Based on ArcGIS Geographic Information Technology Algorithm
Authors: Guo Xiaoying , Jiang Weigang , Zhang Qian , Wang Kai
Published: March 2022

In order to improve the effect of digital protection of cultural heritage, this paper analyzes the spatial and temporal characteristics of cultural heritage with the support of ArcGIS technology, conducts research on ArcGIS’ geographic information technology algorithm, and improves the algorithm with the support of digital technology. Moreover, this paper combines the watermark algorithm to digitally mark cultural heritage to improve the copyright effect of cultural heritage. In addition, this paper proposes a topological integrity verification method based on weak watermark vector geographic data to improve the reliability of digital processing of cultural heritage, and build an intelligent cultural heritage digital protection system model. The research results show that digital protection technology of cultural heritage based on the ArcGIS geographic information technology algorithm in this paper can play an important role in the digital protection of cultural heritage.
Analysis of Urban Rail Transit Station Planning Combining Simulated Annealing Algorithm
Authors: Dong Kailing
Published: March 2022

As a crucial node in the network system of urban transportation infrastructure, the consistent planning of the urban rail transit stations scientifically and reasonably is of highly significant importance to have a thorough understanding of the functional area division of a city and assess the improvement of facilities correlated with the rail transit infrastructure. In this study, the simulated annealing algorithm (SAA) is applied to the data analysis of the rail transit stations in a city. The method for the analysis of the urban rail transit stations combined with the SAA can achieve the dimensionality reduction in high‐dimensional data information and the assessment of the similarity in traffic rail transits effectively. Finally, through in‐depth analysis of the daily passenger flow features and the spatial location distribution of each type of station, a valuable reference can be obtained for the planning and design of urban rail transit stations.
An Oral English Evaluation Model Using Artificial Intelligence Method
Authors: Yu Yawei , Han Lu , Du Xueqin , Yu Jing
Published: March 2022

Despite the fact that oral English classes have been available since primary school, most students’ oral English skills are poor and they struggle to communicate in simple everyday situations. This new requirement has been proposed in light of the general lack of English listening and speaking skills among Chinese college students. The current manual test for CET-4 and CET-6 will be gradually replaced by a computer test, and the CET-6 computer test will be included in the “quality engineering” project of national university teaching. The natural integration of artificial intelligence and education is assisting in the transformation of the traditional education ecology. Mind mapping has also had a significant impact on the education industry, and it has significant value in current educational applications. In order to truly realize personalized learning, we should pay more attention to the educational noumenon that the status of educators and learners has changed in education, that is, the transformation from educators to learners’ development. Artificial intelligence technology can be used effectively by junior high school English teachers to conduct oral English evaluation activities, which can more accurately judge students’ oral English expression ability and serve as a useful tool for adjusting and improving students’ learning methods.
Knowledge-Based Intelligent Education Recommendation System with IoT Networks
Authors: Xin Xin , Shi Tianlei , Sohail Mishal
Published: March 2022

The intelligent education recommendation system can recommend knowledge suitable for students' personal learning. However, the traditional recommendation algorithm has generality problems, which lead to poor knowledge recommendation effects. In order to improve the performance of the education recommendation system, based on the machine learning algorithm, this paper combines the knowledge graph algorithm to improve the recommendation algorithm and decomposes the matrix with a higher dimension into several matrices with relatively small dimensions through matrix transformation. Moreover, this paper conducts in-depth mining of the potential attributes of users and items and improves the matrix decomposition formula based on knowledge recommendation requirements. In addition, this paper constructs the framework of the intelligent education recommendation system with IoT networks based on the analysis of functional requirements. Finally, this paper designs experiments to verify and analyze the model from the perspective of model performance and user satisfaction. The research results show that the algorithm model constructed in this paper is effective.
Is It Possible to Achieve Favorable Accelerated Dental Changes with No Periodontal Complications When Retracting Upper Anterior Teeth Assisted by Flapless Corticotomy Compared to Traditional Corticotomy? A Two-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Khlef Hanin Nizar , Hajeer Mohammad Younis
Published: March 2022

Objectives. The objective of this trial was to evaluate the dental changes, periodontal health, and tooth vitality in mini-screw-supported en-masse retraction with two corticotomy-based acceleration techniques. Study Design. The sample included 38 adult patients presenting with class II division 1 malocclusion (three males, 35 females; age range between 18 and 30 years), needing the extraction of upper first premolars followed by en-masse retraction. The sample was divided randomly and equally into two groups. Randomization was carried out by random numbers generated by the computer with a 1 : 1 allocation ratio. The allocation concealment was carried out by sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes. The interventions were traditional corticotomy (TC) versus flapless corticotomy (FC). Mini-screws were inserted between the upper second premolar and first molar, bilaterally. The primary outcome was evaluating dental changes. Secondary outcomes were the periodontal health and pulp vitality of the maxillary teeth. Mann–Whitney U test and two-sample t-test with Bonferroni correction were used to analyze the data. Results. The en-masse retraction rate in the first three months was higher in the TC group than the FC group (1.82, 1.66, and 1.39 mm/month vs 1.60, 1.42, and 1.22 mm/month, respectively) with statistically significant differences (

P
<
0.001

,

P
<
0.001

,

P
=
0.001

, respectively). The en-masse retraction amount was greater in the TC group than the FC group (6.84 mm vs 6.18 mm, respectively) with statistically significant differences (

P
=
0.002

). There was an increase in the inter-canine and inter-molar widths with a minor distal movement of the upper first molar in the two groups, with no significant differences between them (

P
>
0.008

). The values of gingival, papillary bleeding and plaque indices in the TC group were significantly greater than those in the FC group after performing the corticotomy (

P
<
0.001

,

P
<
0.003

,

P
=
0.002

, respectively). No gingival recession was found on any of the examined teeth in both groups. All teeth maintained their vitality at all measurement times in both groups. No severe harms were noticed in any group. Conclusions. Both traditional and flapless corticotomy techniques resulted in clinically similar rates of the en-masse retraction of upper anterior teeth, with similar dental changes and no significant periodontal complications or tooth vitality loss. The minimally invasive flapless corticotomy appeared to be a good alternative to the more invasive traditional corticotomy. This trial is registered with https://www.clinicaltrials.gov (Identification code: NCT04847492), retrospectively registered.
Cryptographic Accumulator and Its Application: A Survey
Authors: Ren Yongjun , Liu Xinyu , Wu Qiang , Wang Ling , Zhang Weijian
Published: March 2022

Since the concept of cryptographic accumulators was first proposed in 1993, it has received continuous attention from researchers. The application of the cryptographic accumulator is also more extensive. This paper makes a systematic summary of the cryptographic accumulator. Firstly, descriptions and characteristics of cryptographic accumulators are given, and the one-way accumulator, collision-free accumulator, dynamic accumulator, and universal accumulator are introduced, respectively. Cryptographic accumulator can be divided into two types: symmetric accumulator and asymmetric accumulator. In the asymmetric accumulator, three different cryptographic accumulator schemes were classified based on three security assumptions. Finally, this paper summarized the applications of cryptographic accumulators in ring signature, group signature, encrypted data search, anonymous credentials, and cryptographic promise.
Baccharis dracunculifolia DC Hydroalcoholic Extract Improves Intestinal and Hippocampal Inflammation and Decreases Behavioral Changes of Colitis Mice
Authors: França Tauani Caroline Santos , Ribeiro Ana Julia , Mariano Luísa Natália Bolda , dos Santos Ana Caroline , Venzon Larissa , Somensi Lincon Bordignon , Nunes Ruan Kaio Silva , Cazarin Camila André , Okubo Karen Luz , Poerner Helenita Priscila , Bastos Jairo Kneupp , Souza Márcia Maria de , da Silva Luísa Mota
Published: March 2022

The hydroalcoholic extract of B. dracunculifolia (HEBD) and its major compound p-coumaric acid were evaluated against the severity of intestinal inflammation and behavioral changes like depressive and anxious behavior in colitis mice. Colitis was induced in Swiss mice by oral dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) administration for five days. The mice received vehicle (10 ml/kg), HEBD (3, 30, or 300 mg/kg), or p-coumaric acid (15 mg/kg) orally, once a day for twelve days. Behavioral tests were performed on the 11th and 12th days after the beginning of the treatments. Moreover, the colon, cortex, and hippocampus were collected to analyze oxidative and inflammatory parameters. The treatment with HEBD (300 mg/Kg), but not p-coumaric acid, showed decreased disease activity index (DAI) values compared to the vehicle group and partially preserved the villi architecture and mucin levels. Furthermore, the HEBD increased the antioxidant defenses in the colon and hippocampus and reduced the myeloperoxidase activity and IL-6 levels in the colon from colitis mice. Colitis mice treated with HEBD did not show depressive-like behavior in the tail suspension test. HEBD reduced colon inflammation, while it maintains antioxidant defenses and mucin levels in this tissue. It may reduce neuropsychiatric comorbidities associated with colitis through its antioxidant effects.
Exploration of the Visual Function after the Implantation of Continuous Visual Range Human Cocrystal Micromonocular Vision in Both Eyes of the Patient
Authors: Cai Fangrong , Wang Xiaoli , Deng Zhihui , Bai Lina
Published: March 2022

Eye diseases such as myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and cataract are have affected most people at home and abroad for many years. With the development of science and technology, people who wear glasses are now younger, and they are on the rise over time. This paper is to explore the visual function after the implantation of continuous visual range human cocrystal micromonocular vision in both eyes of the patient. On this basis, the latest visual sensor technology is used to conduct clinical research on the operation, a case-control study is performed on the patient’s eyes, followed by intraocular lens insertion surgery, one eye is hemitrope and the other eye has a certain degree of intraocular lens inserted, and it is recorded within a period of time after the operation. According to the analysis of the experimental results, the patient’s naked eye and corrected distance vision is (t = 2.102, P = 0.049), middle distance vision (t = 1.403, P = 0.200), and near vision (t = 1.463, P = 0.216). After the operation, the ratio of patients taking off glasses 91.8%. After the continuous visual range intraocular lens micromonocular vision design, it can well correct the patient’s near and far vision of the naked eye of both eyes.
Low-Cost High-Sensitive Plastic Optical Fiber-Based Sensor for Detection of CO(NH2)2 Urea
Authors: Arifin A. , Khaerani R. , Lebang A. K. , Idris I. , Dewang S. , Tahir D.
Published: March 2022

In this research, a urea level sensor based on plastic optical fiber was made using the macro bending method and two kinds of configurations. The sensor is made with a gamma and band configuration with a variety of cladding, no cladding, and imperfection and immersed in the urine sample which has different urea. This is aimed at determining the optimal sensor as a urea level sensor. The object measured was a urine sample with different urea concentrations ranging from 336.1 mg/dL to 1384.3 mg/dL, with the same volume for each concentration in the container or sample holder. The light from LED is transmitted through a plastic optical fiber, received by the phototransistor, then amplified by the differential amplifier, and converted by the microcontroller to voltage as the final results on the computer. Changes in urea levels result in changes in the refractive index around the sensor. The results showed that the more imperfection given to the plastic optical fiber sensor with gamma and band configuration, the better the range, sensitivity, and resolution. The best measurements were obtained in the band configuration with PANI-ZnO coating using six imperfections with the range value of 0.514 volts, the sensitivity value of 0.367 mvolt/mg dL-1, and the resolution value of 2.724 mg/dL. The sensor is suitable for urea levels in medical, agricultural, or industrial applications with the advantages of high sensitivity, low cost, and ease of operation.
Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, and Health-Promoting Effects of the Genus Bulbophyllum
Authors: Sharifi-Rad Javad , Quispe Cristina , Bouyahya Abdelhakim , El Menyiy Naoual , El Omari Nasreddine , Shahinozzaman Md , Ara Haque Ovey Mim , Koirala Niranjan , Panthi Mamata , Ertani Andrea , Nicola Silvana , Lapava Natallia , Herrera-Bravo Jesús , Salazar Luis A. , Changan Sushil , Kumar Manoj , Calina Daniela
Published: March 2022

The genus Bulbophyllum is of scientific interest due to the phytochemical components and diverse biological activities found across species of the genus. Most Bulbophyllum species are epiphytic and located in habitats that range from subtropical dry forests to wet montane cloud forests. In many cultures, the genus Bulbophyllum has a religious, protective, ornamenting, cosmetic, and medicinal role. Detailed investigations into the molecular pharmacological mechanisms and numerous biological effects of Bulbophyllum spp. remain ambiguous. The review focuses on an in-depth discussion of studies containing data on phytochemistry and preclinical pharmacology. Thus, the purpose of this review was to summarize the therapeutic potential of Bulbophyllum spp. biocompounds. Data were collected from several scientific databases such as PubMed and ScienceDirect, other professional websites, and traditional medicine books to obtain the necessary information. Evidence from pharmacological studies has shown that various phytoconstituents in some Bulbophyllum species have different biological health-promoting activities such as antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective. No toxicological effects have been reported to date. Future clinical trials are needed for the clinical confirmation of biological activities proven in preclinical studies. Although orchid species are cultivated for ornamental purposes and have a wide traditional use, the novelty of this review is a summary of biological actions from preclinical studies, thus supporting ethnopharmacological data.
Stability and Change in Fatty Acids Composition of Soybean, Corn, and Sunflower Oils during the Heating Process
Authors: Cherif Ammar , Slama Amor
Published: March 2022

This work has been undertaken to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the edible oils (soybean, sunflower, and corn) used in frying and cooking, in particular on the fatty acid composition. The heating process was maintained at 150, 180, 210, and 240°C. At each temperature, the variation of the fatty acid composition was determined after 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 h of treatment by using an improved analytical gas chromatography method. This study showed that the oils, which had undergone a temperature of 150 to 180°C, kept some thermal stability and preserved their fatty acid composition at different treatment periods. At the temperature (180°C), two new fatty acids (C8:0 and C12:0) appeared, which could be explained by the transformation of the other fatty acids during the heating process by different chemical reactions. However, the composition of the three oils was significantly affected at 210°C and 240°C. Two trans-fatty acids (C18:1 9t and C18:2tt) were generated proportionally to heat treatment during the heating process for the three oils, providing information on their oxidative state. The results showed that sunflower oil was most affected by the heating temperature than soybean and corn oil. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the heat treatment used and the heating period to preserve the quality of edible oils.
A Randomized Trial with Two Hypocaloric Diets with Different Lipid Profiles and Effects on Serum Omentin-1 Levels in Obese Subjects
Authors: de Luis Daniel , Izaola Olatz , Primo David , Aller Rocio
Published: March 2022

Background. The effects of weight loss therapies on omentin-1 levels have been unclear, showing both elevations and decreases in circulating levels. The role of dietary fat might have an important role. The aim of our investigation was to evaluate the influence of weight decrease on omentin-1 levels after two different high-fat hypocaloric diets. Methods. 319 Caucasian obese subjects were randomly allocated during 12 weeks (Diet M (high monounsaturated fat diet) vs. Diet P (high polyunsaturated fat diet)). The mean age was

47.2
±
5.0

years (range: 26-64), and the mean body mass index (BMI) was

37.9
±
4.1

 kg/m2 (range: 30.6-39.8). Sex distribution was 237 females (74.7%) and 72 males (25.3%). Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were evaluated at basal and after both diets. SPSS 23.0 has been used to realize univariant and multivariant statistical analysis. Results. After both diets, BMI, weight, fat mass, waist circumference, systolic blood, LDL-cholesterol, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR decreased in a statistical way from basal values. These improvements were similar in both diets. After Diet P, omentin-1 levels increase (

21.2
±
9.1

 ng/ml:

P
=
0.02

), and after Diet M, this adipokine increases (

47.1
±
11.2

 ng/ml:

P
=
0.02

), too. The increase of omentin-1 with Diet M was statistically significantly higher than that after Diet P (

P
=
0.01

). A multiple regression analyses adjusted by age and sex reported a statistical relation between BMI (kg/m2) and insulin (UI/L) with omentin-1 levels. Conclusions. Our study demonstrated a significant improvement on serum omentin-1 levels after weight loss secondary to both diets; in contrast, omentin-1 improvement was higher with Diet M than with Diet P.
Reducing Postharvest Loss of Stored Grains Using Plant-Based Biopesticides: A Review of Past Research Efforts
Authors: Bezabih Getachew , Satheesh Neela , Workneh Fanta Solomon , Wale Melaku , Atlabachew Minaleshewa
Published: March 2022

The world population is projected to be 9.1 billion by the year 2050, and about 70% extra food will be required. One of the main challenges regarding food security is postharvest loss due to insect pests. The overall postharvest grain losses for sub-Saharan Africa could be as high as US$4 billion/year. This is around 15% of the total production of cereal crops. The use of chemical pesticides to reduce grain damage by insects over the past five decades has led to a range of environmental and human health problems. These problems forced researchers to develop alternative methods that have lower adverse effects. Alternative strategies focus on new forms of pesticides that are effective against a specific target species, have fewer residues in food, are unlikely to contaminate the environment, and have lower potential to produce resistance, are biodegradable, and are suitable for use in integrated pest management programs. Some natural plant products effectively meet these criteria and have the potential to manage insect pests of stored grains. However, the understanding of the use of botanical pesticides in storage pest management systems is limited in most parts of sub-Saharan African countries. Effective plant products are not formulated and used widely. To fill the gaps the first step is to synthesize the available information and disseminate it. This review is, therefore, a summary of the current developments and improvements of botanical pesticides in the management of stored grain pests including challenges and future issues in insect pest management.
Research of the Backfill Body Compaction Ratio Based on Upward Backfill Safety Mining of the Close-Distance Coal Seam Group
Authors: Lai Xingping , Zhang Leiming , Zhang Yun , Shan Pengfei , Wan Peifeng , Mu Kaiwen
Published: March 2022

During upward backfill mining of the close-distance coal seam group, the reasonable design of the backfill body compaction ratio (BBCR) of lower coal seam goaf plays a key role in controlling overburden strata movement and deformation. In this paper, the feasibility discrimination method of upward caving mining was adopted; it was found that when the coal seam spacing was small, the recovery was not possible due to the instability of the upper coal strata equilibrium structure caused by the mining. Hence, the upward backfill mining method was proposed; combined with the migration control mechanism of backfill mining overburden strata, the dynamic evolution of crack propagation height of overburden strata during upward backfill mining was analyzed. Based on that, a layer spacing-BBCR-mining height (L-R-H) prediction model based on multiple linear regression analysis was established and the BBCR of close-distance coal seam group safe upward mining was determined combined with the engineering background. The results demonstrate that the main controlling factors of crack propagation in overburden strata during upward backfill mining were BBCR and mining height; the crack propagation height in overburden strata caused by mining decreased exponentially with the increase of BBCR and increased with the increase of mining height linearly. The lower coal seam engineering safety BBCR of upward backfill mining in the Dafosi Coal Mine was 87.2%, and the close-distance coal seam group safe upward mining was realized.
Development and Validation of an Oral Health Literacy Measurement for Primary School Children in Thailand
Authors: Wanichsaithong Pinpinut , Prasertsom Piyada
Published: March 2022

Background. Oral health promotion programs have been implemented in primary schools for many years in Thailand. Oral health literacy has been introduced as a health promotion outcome; however, no assessment tool has been developed for this age group. The objective of this study was to develop and validate the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Dentistry for Primary School Children (P-TOFHLiD). Materials and Methods. The P-TOFHLiD was developed by modifying contents and outlines using a previously validated tool for older adults, then verified by two experts for face validity. A cross-sectional study was conducted with samples collected from 118 grade-six students from two government schools in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. The P-TOFHLiD and a previously validated word recognition test were administered, followed by oral examination to assess reliability, concurrent validity, convergent validity, and predictive validity and establish the cut-off score of the tool. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Results. The internal reliability of P-TOFHLiD was good (α = 0.808). The correlation coefficient between the P-TOFHLiD and grade point average was 0.478 (p value <0.001), which is the represented concurrent validity of the tool. Coefficients between P-TOFHLiD and a word recognition test was 0.422 (

p

-value <0.001) for convergent validity. P-TOFHLiD was significantly correlated with the number of missing teeth from tooth decay (

p

-value <0.05), but the correlation coefficient was poor (r = −0.100). The cut-off scores for adequate oral health literacy were set at ≥21 out of the total scores of 26. Conclusion. P-TOFHLiD presented good validity and reliability and was ready to use for oral health promotion program evaluation. However, the predictive validity of the P-TOFHLiD in predicting oral health status was questionable only.
DNMT1-Mediated DNA Methylation Targets CDKN2B to Promote the Repair of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Streptozotocin-Induced Mongolian Gerbils during Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Wang Xue , Zhang Jinling , Liao Yujie , Jin Yiping , Yu Xiaoyan , Li Hong , Yang Qi , Li Xiaomei , Chen Ranran , Wu Danping , Zhu Haohao
Published: March 2022

Objective. DNA methylation played a vital role in the progression of diabetic retinopathy. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of DNA cytosine-5-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in the development of early diabetic retinopathy and its potential underlying mechanism. Methods. Eight-week-old healthy Mongolian gerbils were used to establish type 1 diabetes using streptozotocin (STZ). Alteration of weight, fasting blood glucose, density of RGCs (Tuj1-labeled), and H&E-stained retinal cross sections were applied to evaluate the diabetic retinopathy mouse model. The global DNA methylation level of the retina at different time points after STZ injection was measured using the global methylation assay. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of DNMT1, DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A), and 3B (DNMT3B). Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR) and western blot were used to determine the expression of CDKN2B. Cell proliferation and cell cycle were evaluated by the MTS assay and flow cytometry. Results. STZ injection caused the increased global DNA methylation level, which reached a maximum at 6 weeks after injection. Moreover, STZ injection caused the damage of RGCs. At 6 weeks after STZ injection, the expression levels of DNMT1 and DNMT3B were significantly increased in the STZ group. DNMT1-induced DNA hypermethylation inhibited the expression of CDKN2B (a negative regulator of cell cycle). DNMT1-mediated DNA methylation facilitated RGC proliferation via regulating the expression of CDKN2B. Conclusion. DNMT1-mediated DNA methylation played an important role in STZ-induced diabetic retinopathy via modulating CDKN2B expression.
Forging Forward in Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Cramer Gwendolyn M. , Cengel Keith A. , Busch Theresa M.
Published: March 2022

In 1978, a Cancer Research article by Dougherty and colleagues reported the first large-scale clinical trial of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for treatment of 113 cutaneous or subcutaneous lesions associated with ten different kinds of malignancies. In classic applications, PDT depends on excitation of a tissue-localized photosensitizer with wavelengths of visible light to damage malignant or otherwise diseased tissues. Thus, in this landmark article, photosensitizer (hematoporphyrin derivative) dose, drug–light interval, and fractionation scheme were evaluated for their therapeutic efficacy and normal tissue damage. From their observations came early evidence of the mechanisms of PDT's antitumor action, and in the decades since this work, our knowledge of these mechanisms has grown to build an understanding of the multifaceted nature of PDT. These facets are comprised of multiple cell death pathways, together with antivascular and immune stimulatory actions that constitute a PDT reaction. Mechanism-informed PDT protocols support the contribution of PDT to multimodality treatment approaches. Moreover, guided by an understanding of its mechanisms, PDT can be applied to clinical needs in fields beyond oncology. Undoubtedly, there still remains more to learn; new modes of cell death continue to be elucidated with relevance to PDT, and factors that drive PDT innate and adaptive immune responses are not yet fully understood. As research continues to forge a path forward for PDT in the clinic, direction is provided by anchoring new applications in mechanistically grounded protocol design, as was first exemplified in the landmark work conducted by Dougherty and colleagues.

See related article by Dougherty and colleagues, Cancer Res 1978;38:2628–35