bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterizing cycle structure in complex networks
Authors: Fan Tianlong , Lü Linyuan , Shi Dinghua , Zhou Tao
Published: December 2021

A cycle is the simplest structure that brings redundant paths in network connectivity and feedback effects in network dynamics. An in-depth understanding of which cycles are important and what role they play on network structure and dynamics, however, is still lacking. In this paper, we define the cycle number matrix, a matrix enclosing the information about cycles in a network, and the cycle ratio, an index that quantifies node importance. Experiments on real networks suggest that cycle ratio contains rich information in addition to well-known benchmark indices. For example, node rankings by cycle ratio are largely different from rankings by degree, H-index, and coreness, which are very similar indices. Numerical experiments on identifying vital nodes for network connectivity and synchronization and maximizing the early reach of spreading show that the cycle ratio performs overall better than other benchmarks. Finally, we highlight a significant difference between the distribution of shorter cycles in real and model networks. We believe our in-depth analyses on cycle structure may yield insights, metrics, models, and algorithms for network science.
Chromatographic techniques for the analysis of organophosphate pesticides with their extraction approach: a review (2015–2020)
Authors: Bhattu Monika , Kathuria Deepika , Billing Beant Kaur , Verma Meenakshi
Published: December 2021

In agriculture, a wide range of OPPs has been employed to boost crop yield, quality, and storage life.
Ultrasensitive dual enhanced electrochemical immunosensor to detect ancient wool relics
Authors: Chen Boyi , Wang Zhongyuan , Wang Junsen , Zheng Hailing , Zhou Junyi , Chen Xushi , Wang Bing , Zhou Yang , Peng Zhiqin
Published: December 2021

The identification of ancient wool is significant in archaeology; however, conventional methods are ineffective when testing contaminated or degraded ancient samples. In the study, an immunosensor was developed for detecting ancient wool.
Non-conventional hydrogen bonding and dispersion forces that support embedding mesitylgold into a tailored bis(amidine) framework
Authors: Arras Janet , Ugarte Trejo Omar , Bhuvanesh Nattamai , Stollenz Michael
Published: December 2021

A dimesityl–digold bis(amidine) complex forms a flexible double macrocycle with two non-conventional N–H⋯Cipso H-bonds and distinct intramolecular dispersion forces. Instead of bond rupture in solution, a conformational ring inversion is observed.
Coordination effect enabled palladium-catalyzed regioselective O-alkylation of 2-pyridones
Authors: Lu Zhiqiang , Li Yanzhi , Ru Yi , Yang Shujian , Hao Chu , Zuo Mengke , Jiao Rongkai , Wu Weilong , Zhou Yan , Yao Hui , Huang Nianyu , Fu Yuqin
Published: December 2021

A novel tactic for the regioselective O-alkylation of 2-pyridones has been realized through palladium catalysis facilitated by silver carbonate in moderate to high yields, the coordination effect between palladium and nitrogen on the pyridine ring plays a versatile role.
Heavier group 13/15 multiple bond systems: synthesis, structure and chemical bond activation
Authors: Dankert F. , Hering-Junghans C.
Published: December 2021

Multiple bonding between main group elements is in the focus of modern inorganic chemistry. Recent advances include phosphaalumenes with a formal PAl double bond. This article features strategies to access group 13/15 multiple bonds.
Photoredox/nickel dual catalyzed stereospecific synthesis of distal alkenyl ketones
Authors: Zhao Tian-Tian , Yu Wan-Lei , Feng Zhi-Tao , Qin Hao-Ni , Zheng Hai-xue , Xu Peng-Fei
Published: December 2021

A photoredox/nickel dual-catalyzed hydroalkylation of alkyl- and aryl-alkynes with cycloalkanols for the rapid construction of distal and site-specific vinyl-substituted ketones derivatives is described.
A fluorogenic RNA aptamer nanodevice for the low background imaging of mRNA in living cells
Authors: Xu Tingting , Sun Yao , Yu Sha , Wu Shaojun , Su Yu , Tian Ye , Zhou Yuanzhen , Zhu Jun-Jie
Published: December 2021

A fluorogenic RNA aptamer nanodevice was developed that integrated NIR-light control and an entropy-driven RNA amplifier for the NIR-assisted imaging of low-abundance TK1 mRNA in living cells with a low background signal and high sensitivity.
Influence of additives on the polymorphic manipulation of organic fluorescent crystals and its mechanism
Authors: Zhang Xiunan , Wang Jingkang , Yu Fei , Cheng Xiaowei , Hao Yunhui , Liu Yue , Huang Xin , Wang Ting , Hao Hongxun
Published: December 2021

The influence and mechanism behind using additives to isolate metastable fluorescent polymorphs were carefully investigated.
Square tetravalent chalcogen bonds in dimeric aggregates: a joint crystallographic survey and theoretical study
Authors: Liang Jinwei , Shi Yulong , Lu Yunxiang , Xu Zhijian , Liu Honglai
Published: December 2021

Square tetravalent chalcogen bonds were systematically investigated through a combination of crystal structure analysis and DFT calculations.
Thallium-based heavy inorganic scintillators: recent developments and future perspectives
Authors: Kim HongJoo , Khan Arshad , Daniel Joseph , Rooh Gul , Vuong Phan Quoc
Published: December 2021

The current development status and future perspectives of Tl-based inorganic scintillators are highlighted in this study.
DFT calculation in design of near-infrared absorbing nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots
Authors: Chan Shun-Chiao , Cheng Yu-Lin , Chang Bor Kae , Hong Che-Wun
Published: December 2021

The near-infrared (NIR) absorption of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) containing different N-doping sites is systematically investigated with density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations with PBE functionals.
Magnetically induced ring currents in metallocenothiaporphyrins
Authors: Valiev Rashid R. , Kurten Theo , Valiulina Lenara I. , Ketkov Sergey Yu. , Cherepanov Viktor N. , Dimitrova Maria , Sundholm Dage
Published: December 2021

Magnetically induced current–density susceptibility pathways and the strength of the flux in ferrocenothiaporphyrin and dihydroferrocenothiaporphyrin.
Excited-state dynamics of dipyrrolyldiketone difluoroboron complexes
Authors: Sato Ryota , Okajima Hajime , Sugiura Shinya , Haketa Yohei , Kinoshita Yusuke , Tamiaki Hitoshi , Sakamoto Akira , Maeda Hiromitsu , Kobayashi Yoichi
Published: December 2021

Excited-state dynamics of a π-conjugated anion receptor was revealed in detail by time-resolved visible and infrared spectroscopies combined with quantum chemical calculations.
Cucurbituril hosts as promoters of aggregation induced emission of triphenylamine derivatives
Authors: Delgado-Pinar Estefanía , Pont Isabel , García-España Enrique , Seixas de Melo J. Sérgio
Published: December 2021

Supramolecular symbiosis between polyamine triphenylamine derivatives and cucurbit[7]uril results in a strong enhancement of the ligand's photoluminescence properties by aggregation induced emission.
Excited state photochemically driven surface formation of benzene from acetylene ices on Pluto and in the outer solar system
Authors: Kleimeier N. Fabian , Liu Yiwei , Turner Andrew M. , Young Leslie A. , Chin Chih-Hao , Yang Tao , He Xiao , Lo Jen-Iu , Cheng Bing-Ming , Kaiser Ralf I.
Published: December 2021

Excitation of solid acetylene to its low-lying triplet and singlet states leads to a barrierless reaction to form benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons without the need for ionizing radiation.
Discerning phase-matrices for individual nitride inclusions within ultra-high-strength steel: experiment driven DFT investigation
Authors: Kistanov Andrey A. , Rani Ekta , Singh Harishchandra , Fabritius Timo , Huttula Marko , Cao Wei
Published: December 2021

Non-metallic inclusions play a decisive role in the steel's performance. Therefore, their determination and control over their formation are crucial to engineer ultra-high-strength steel.
Ferromagnetic half-metallicity of the cubic NaMgO3 perovskite: from bulk to (001) surfaces
Authors: Van On Vo , Guerrero-Sanchez J. , Ponce-Pérez R. , Rivas-Silva J. F. , Cocoletzi Gregorio H. , Hoat D. M.
Published: December 2021

The crystal structure of the NaMgO3 compound in (a) bulk, (b) NaO-terminated and (c) MgO2 terminated 9L (001) surfaces.
Resonant two-photon photoelectron imaging and adiabatic detachment processes from bound vibrational levels of dipole-bound states
Authors: Yuan Dao-Fu , Zhang Yue-Rou , Qian Chen-Hui , Wang Lai-Sheng
Published: December 2021

Anions cannot have Rydberg states, but anions with polar neutral cores can support highly diffuse dipole-bound states (DBSs) as a class of interesting electronic excited states below the electron detachment threshold.
Site dependent catalytic water dissociation on an anisotropic buckled black phosphorus surface
Authors: Priyadarsini Adyasa , Mallik Bhabani S.
Published: December 2021

Black phosphorus (BP) is unique among 2D materials due to its anisotropic puckered structure, which can catalyze the water-splitting reaction.
Activatable molecular probes for fluorescence-guided surgery, endoscopy and tissue biopsy
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhang Guopeng , Zeng Ziling , Pu Kanyi
Published: December 2021

We highlight the development of activatable molecular probes that trigger the optical signals toward biomarkers, allowing real-time, dynamic visualization of lesions and margins for guided-surgery, endoscopy and tissue biopsy with molecular precision.
Exploringin vitrorelease and digestion of commercial DHA microcapsules from algae oil and tuna oil with whey protein and casein as wall materials
Authors: Hu Zejun , Wu Peng , Wang Luping , Wu Zongyu , Chen Xiao Dong
Published: December 2021

This study has provided quantitative information on thein vitrorelease and digestion of DHA microcapsules as influenced by the wall protein and DHA source.
Protective effects of Bacteroides fragilis against lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation and their potential functional genes
Authors: Qu Dingwu , Sun Fengting , Feng Saisai , Yu Leilei , Tian Fengwei , Zhang Hao , Chen Wei , Zhai Qixiao
Published: December 2021

Bacteroides fragilis, one of the potential next-generation probiotics, has been demonstrated to alleviate inflammation-associated diseases.
Preventive effects of black soybean polyphenols on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in three different mouse models
Authors: Yamamoto Mio , Yoshioka Yasukiyo , Kitakaze Tomoya , Yamashita Yoko , Ashida Hitoshi
Published: December 2021

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced stage, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), are a major health issue throughout the world. Black soybean polyphenols have possibility of preventing NAFLD and NASH.
MXene-supported copper-molybdenum sulfide nanostructures as catalysts for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Jiajin Wu , Zhou Jiamin , Zhu Feng , Wang Hongyong , Xu Gang
Published: December 2021

The synthesis and enhanced HER performance of Cu2MoS4/Ti3C2Tx-30% was demonstrated.
Post-synthetic modification of UiO-66-OH toward porous liquids for CO2 capture
Authors: Xin Yangyang , Wang Dechao , Yao Dongdong , Ning Hailong , Li Xiaoqian , Ju Xiaoqian , Zhang Yichi , Yang Zhiyuan , Xu Yahong , Zheng Yaping
Published: December 2021

A rather simple and feasible strategy to construct MOF porous liquids with low viscosities for CO2 capture.
One order enhancement of charge carrier relaxation rate by tuning structural and optical properties in annealed cobalt doped MoS2 nanosheets
Authors: Rahman Rosy , Karmakar Manobina , Samanta Dipanjan , Pathak Amita , Datta Prasanta Kumar , Nath Tapan Kumar
Published: December 2021

The effective manipulation of excitons is crucial for the realization of exciton-based devices and circuits, and doping is considered a good strategy to achieve this.
Oxidation of o-dioxime by (diacetoxyiodo)benzene: green and mild access to furoxans
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zhao Cheng , Zhang Xun , He Chunlin , Pang Siping
Published: December 2021

Diversified furoxan derivatives are efficiently obtained through a mild oxidation strategy, which greatly reduces the safety risk.
Unravelling the one-pot conversion of biomass-derived furfural and levulinic acid to 1,4-pentanediol catalysed by supported RANEY® Ni–Sn alloy catalysts
Authors: Rodiansono  , Astuti Maria Dewi , Mustikasari Kamilia , Husain Sadang , Ansyah Fathur Razi , Hara Takayoshi , Shimazu Shogo
Published: December 2021

The RANEY® Ni–Sn(x) alloy catalysed the one-pot conversion of biomass-derived furfural and levulinic acid to allow remarkable yield of 1,4-pentanediol (up to 90%) under the mild reaction conditions.
Supported copper on a diamide–diacid-bridged PMO: an efficient hybrid catalyst for the cascade oxidation of benzyl alcohols/Knoevenagel condensation
Authors: Valiey Ehsan , Dekamin Mohammad G.
Published: December 2021

In this study, a novel periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) containing diamide–diacid bridges was conveniently prepared using ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride to support Cu(ii) species and affording Cu@EDTAD-PMO nanoparticles efficiently.
Facile synthesis of O-acylhydroxamates via reaction of oxime chlorides with carboxylic acids
Authors: Wang Kai-Kai , Li Yan-Li , Zhao Ying-Chao , Zhang Shan-Shan , Chen Rongxiang , Sun Aili
Published: December 2021

A simple and practical method for synthesizing a broad range of functionalized O-acylhydroxamates in high yields from oxime chlorides and carboxylic acids has been achieved.
Leveraging the 1,3-azadiene-anhydride reaction for the synthesis of functionalized piperidines bearing up to five contiguous stereocenters
Authors: Garcia Jorge , Eichwald Jane , Zesiger Jayme , Beng Timothy K.
Published: December 2021

A modular and scalable strategy, which converts 3-methylglutaric anhydride to 2-oxopiperidines bearing at least three contiguous stereocenters is described.
Preconcentration and determination of trace Hg(ii) using ultrasound-assisted dispersive solid phase microextraction
Authors: Ahmad Hilal , Koo Bon Heun , Khan Rais Ahmad
Published: December 2021

Hg(ii) ion adsorption onto an MoS2 surface.
High-permeability vacuum membrane distillation utilizing mechanically compressed carbon nanotube membranes
Authors: Jung Woosang , Choe Younjeong , Kim Taewoo , Ok Jong G. , Lee Hong H. , Kim Yong Hyup
Published: December 2021

High-permeable vacuum membrane distillation by applying vertically aligned carbon nanotube for the first time.
Borane-catalyzed cascade Friedel–Crafts alkylation/[1,5]-hydride transfer/Mannich cyclization to afford tetrahydroquinolines
Authors: Zhang Bei-Bei , Peng Shuo , Wang Feiyi , Lu Cuifen , Nie Junqi , Chen Zuxing , Yang Guichun , Ma Chao
Published: December 2021

We report a redox-neutral annulation reaction of tertiary amines with electron-deficient alkynes under metal-free and oxidant-free conditions.
High-capacity polymer electrodes for potassium batteries
Authors: Ramezankhani Vahid , Yakuschenko Igor K. , Vasilyev Sergey , Savinykh Tatiana A. , Mumyatov Alexander V. , Zhidkov Ivan S. , Shchurik Elena V. , Kurmaev Ernst Z. , Shestakov Alexander F. , Troshin Pavel A.
Published: December 2021

We synthesized and investigated a series of six promising polymeric electrode materials, which incorporate multiple redox-active groups enabling high specific discharge capacity and energy density in potassium half-cells.
Self-healing, mechanically robust, 3D printable ionogel for highly sensitive and long-term reliable ionotronics
Authors: Zhang Manwen , Tao Xinglin , Yu Ran , He Yangyang , Li Xinpan , Chen Xiangyu , Huang Wei
Published: December 2021

A series of chemically-crosslinked ionogels with disulfide bonds are synthesized. The ionogels displayed ultrahigh elasticity, excellent printability and simultaneously remarkable self-healing performance. High-performance ionotronics are prepared.
Fabrication of a novel separation-free heterostructured photocatalyst with enhanced visible light activity in photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics
Authors: Guo Xingkui , Yang Fan , Sun Xiaolu , Han Chuang , Bai Yujiao , Liu Guanjun , Liu Wenbo , Wang Rongguo
Published: December 2021

A novel separation-free poly(N,N′-dimethylacrylamide)–titanium dioxide/copper sulfide (PDMAA–TiO2/CuS) hydrogel photocatalyst with the synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis has been successfully developed by a facile two-step method.
Illuminating the biochemical interaction of antimicrobial few-layer black phosphorus with microbial cells using synchrotron macro-ATR-FTIR
Authors: Shaw Z. L. , Cheeseman Samuel , Huang Louisa Z. Y. , Penman Rowan , Ahmed Taimur , Bryant Saffron J. , Bryant Gary , Christofferson Andrew J. , Orrell-Trigg Rebecca , Dekiwadia Chaitali , Truong Vi Khanh , Vongsvivut Jitraporn Pimm , Walia Sumeet , Elbourne Aaron
Published: December 2021

Black phosphorus (BP) nanoflakes have shown high antimicrobial activity. The interaction of microbial cells and black phosphorus nanoflakes was investigated using microscopic techniques and synchrotron source ATR-FTIR spectroscopy.
Enhancement in room temperature ammonia sensing properties of naphthalene diimides through core expansion
Authors: Ali Salman , Jameel Mohammed A. , Oldham Glenn , Gupta Akhil , Shafiei Mahnaz , Langford Steven J.
Published: December 2021

An amperometric sensor whose active layer is derived from a tetra core-substituted organic semiconductor, naphthalene diimide (NDI-CN4), has been evaluated for ammonia sensing at room temperature against the NDI devoid of core-substitution effects.
Artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning for clinical outcome prediction
Authors: Pettit Rowland W. , Fullem Robert , Cheng Chao , Amos Christopher I.
Published: December 2021

AI is a broad concept, grouping initiatives that use a computer to perform tasks that would usually require a human to complete. AI methods are well suited to predict clinical outcomes. In practice, AI methods can be thought of as functions that learn the outcomes accompanying standardized input data to produce accurate outcome predictions when trialed with new data. Current methods for cleaning, creating, accessing, extracting, augmenting, and representing data for training AI clinical prediction models are well defined. The use of AI to predict clinical outcomes is a dynamic and rapidly evolving arena, with new methods and applications emerging. Extraction or accession of electronic health care records and combining these with patient genetic data is an area of present attention, with tremendous potential for future growth. Machine learning approaches, including decision tree methods of Random Forest and XGBoost, and deep learning techniques including deep multi-layer and recurrent neural networks, afford unique capabilities to accurately create predictions from high dimensional, multimodal data. Furthermore, AI methods are increasing our ability to accurately predict clinical outcomes that previously were difficult to model, including time-dependent and multi-class outcomes. Barriers to robust AI-based clinical outcome model deployment include changing AI product development interfaces, the specificity of regulation requirements, and limitations in ensuring model interpretability, generalizability, and adaptability over time.
Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant assay of Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm)
Authors: Virchea Lidia-Ioana , Gligor Felicia Gabriela , Frum Adina , Mironescu Monica , Myachikova Nina I. , Georgescu Cecilia
Published: December 2021

Melissa officinalis L. called in popular language lemon balm is a medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. The plant contains a variety of bioactive compounds among which volatile oils, flavonoids and phenolic acids. These are responsible for a lot of beneficial effects in disease relief. Lemon balm has antioxidant, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, anxiolytic, spasmolytic and other effects. Important for its antioxidant activity are flavonoids and phenolic acids which are well known for their ability to scavenge the free radicals. Due to this effect, lemon balm protects against the development of degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer and dermatological disorders. In this study we extracted and determined the content of the volatile oil and flavonoids from Melissa officinalis L. and we investigated the antioxidant activity of an extract obtained from dried aerial parts of lemon balm. The results showed that the volatile oil content was low (0.17 mL/100 g vegetal material). The total flavonoid content was 0.965 g rutoside/100 g of vegetal product and the antioxidant activity was 90.40 %. From this study, we concluded that Melissa officinalis L. is a potential source of antioxidant compounds with a lot of other benefits for human health.
Improvement of the concentration and type of malt in flour-based food
Authors: Vasyukova Anna , Slavyanskiy Anatolij , Karpov Valerij , Moshkin Aleksandr , Strokova Anna , Boltenko Yuri
Published: December 2021

This article presents studies of optimization of recipes and nutritional value of bakery products using six types of malt from cereals and legumes. Using the method of mathematical modeling, a reference sample, a blend was determined, and the formulation of multicomponent food - products buns and breads was optimized.
Study of antioxidant properties of suppositories with nicotinic acid in toxic liver damage
Authors: Shikova Yulia , Petrova Victoria , Fedotova Anastasia , Salazanova Ksenia
Published: December 2021

New medicinal forms of acid are proposed nicotine original composition: suppositories with nicotine acid and propolis extract and suppositories with nicotine acid and pyridoxine hydrochloride. In conditions of toxic liver lesions are shown to activate free – radical processes oxidation. Against the background of medicinal forms application with acid nicotine observed expressed antioxidant effect.
Comparative characteristics of gel bases for semisolid dosage forms
Authors: Zalivskaya Angelina , Fadeeva Darya , Shestopalova Natalia , Avtina Natalia , Radyukova Valentina , Ivanova Veronica
Published: December 2021

The article provides an overview of modern data on the main gel bases used in the technology of semisolid dosage forms. The main classes of gelling substances are characterized. According to data, the choice of excipient must be justified from the point of view of the physicochemical properties of the active substance, and depends on the place of application of the gel.
Exploration on Application of High Pressure Water Jet Cleaning Technology
Authors: Xu Xinjian , Meng Zhaoxing , Lv Haiqiang
Published: December 2021

at present, the three-dimensional cleaning machine involved in tank car cleaning technology in China has full-automatic function, which includes two main structures: three-dimensional positioning machine and high-pressure cleaning machine. However, the tank car cleaning process used in the railway field still has many shortcomings. For example, serious pollution, serious energy consumption, insecurity, etc. In order to improve such defects, it is necessary to introduce new processes and improve the previous cleaning processes. The introduction of new technology can reduce environmental pollution and save capital cost. It can adapt to the development of the times and meet people's needs. Therefore, this paper expounds and analyzes the high-pressure water jet cleaning technology in railway tank cars from the aspects of application and improvement, and puts forward the corresponding improvement measures for reference.
Preparation of Fiber Reinforced Silica Aerogel Block
Authors: Zhai Shuning , Cao Chi , Liu Yang , Gui Chen , Yuan Kai , Gao Qun , Wilson Benjamin
Published: December 2021

Silica aerogels are lightweight, highly porous nanomaterial with extremely large internal surface area but fragile and brittleness. To enhance the applicability of aerogels, fiber reinforced silica aerogel insulation blocks are prepared by frothing method. Polyurethane emulsion acts as binder whereas polyethylene (PE) fiber and polyurethane (PU) fiber is used as reinforcing phase. The effect of polyethylene fiber and polyurethane fiber on the performance of composites were characterized by material's chemical microscopic morphology, compression performance, recovery performance, surface area, thermal conductivity and hydrophobicity. The research results show that the prepared PU fiber reinforced silica aerogel insulation block has excellent comprehensive performance. The water absorption rate of decreased from 19.35% (0 phr, PU fiber) to 6% (20 phr, PU fiber), and comprehensive rebound rate was increased by 97.83% at 20 phr PU fiber compared with pure insulation block (83.88%). Meanwhile, the dimensional stability of the composite aerogel block is above 96%. PU fiber reinforced silica aerogel insulation block has light weight, good hydrophobicity and good thermal and mechanical properties, so it has a wide range of application prospects in the field of insulation.
Research on the influence of heat treatment temperature on bearing capacity of high steel grade pipeline during in-service welding
Authors: Xu Yan , Liu Yinglai , Nie Xianghui , Feng Zhenjun , Li Liang , Yang Fengping , Jasmine
Published: December 2021

During the welding of in-service pipeline, natural gas is continuously transported in the pipeline, which maintains a high gas pressure. Therefore, the welding process is completed under strong cooling conditions, and welding delay crack is easy to occur. Preheating before welding and heat treatment after welding can effectively control the hardened microstructure, reduce the residual stress and ensure the welding quality. In this study, the influence of heating temperature on the bearing capacity of high steel grade pipe during in-service welding repair was studied. The high temperature tensile test was used to simulate the bearing capacity of the pipe under heating and high temperature environment. It is found that when the heating temperature is below 400°C, the pipe strength remains at the original level. With the increase of heating temperature, when the test temperature is higher than 400°C, the yield strength and tensile strength of the pipe decrease significantly. When the test temperature is 450°C, the yield strength and tensile strength of the material decrease by 15.8% and 11.1%, respectively, compared with the normal temperature, which are lower than the pipe standard requirements. Therefore, it is suggested that when the heat treatment temperature is higher than 400°C during in-service welding repair, it is necessary to consider reducing the pipeline pressure. At the same time, the box furnace heat treatment method was adopted to heat treat the pipe, and the tensile properties of the pipe after heat treatment were tested to analyze the bearing capacity of the pipe after heat treatment. It is found that when the heating temperature is higher than 700°C, the tensile properties of high grade pipeline steel pipe decrease sharply. It is suggested that when the heat treatment temperature is higher than 700°C, the risk assessment of the service safety of the heat treated pipeline should be carried out.
The Preparation of Boron-doped Activated Alumina by impregnating boron in the period of boehmite
Authors: Fu Rong
Published: December 2021

This paper systematically studied the pore structure, crystal phase, surface acidity and the chemical environment of aluminum of boron-doped γ-alumina, by impregnating boron in the period of boehmite. The nitrogen adsorption, XRD, FTIR etc. technique was used to determine the pore texture, crystallography, acid/base properties and aluminum coordination. the XRD spectrum of boria-alumina have no significant change due to the addition of boron. The specific surface area and pore volume diameter of B-Al2O3 increase significantly. The NMR spectra of B-Al2O3 shows that boron changed the chemical environment of aluminum, which caused differences in the physical and chemical properties of the surface.
Vésicules extracellulaires et maladies cardiovasculaires
Authors: Coly Pierre-Michael , Loyer Xavier
Published: December 2021

Les maladies cardiovasculaires constituent la principale cause de décès dans le monde. Il est donc urgent de développer de nouvelles approches pour le traitement et la détection de ces maladies. Les vésicules extracellulaires (VE) ont attiré une attention considérable au vu de leur rôle dans la communication intercellulaire. Elles régulent en effet des processus clés comme l’inflammation ou l’angiogenèse, et sont donc impliquées dans de nombreux aspects de la physiopathologie cardiovasculaire. Les VE semblent avoir une action complexe qui dépend de leur origine et de leur contenu. Bien que leur présence soit parfois délétère, elles sont également considérées comme des outils diagnostiques et thérapeutiques potentiels. Cette revue résume les avancées récentes dans la compréhension du rôle des VE dans les maladies cardiovasculaires.
Reductions in Intestinal Taurine-Conjugated Bile Acids and
Short-Chain Fatty Acid-Producing Bacteria Might be Novel Mechanisms of Type 2
Diabetes Mellitus in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty Rats
Authors: Yang Xiaoyun , Jiang Wenhui , Cheng Jingli , Hao Jintong , Han Fei , Zhang Yi , Xu Jie , Shan Chunyan , Wang Jingyu , Yang Yanhui , Yang Juhong , Chang Baocheng
Published: December 2021

Background The pathogenesis of spontaneously diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans
Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, among the best models for human type 2 diabetes
mellitus (T2DM), remains poorly defined. Therefore, we investigated the dynamic
changes in taurine-conjugated bile acids (T-BAs) and intestinal microbiota
during T2DM development in OLETF rats.

Methods OLETF rats and corresponding diabetes-resistant Long Evans
Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats were fed a normal baseline diet. The progress of
T2DM was divided into four phases, including normal glycemia-normal insulinemia
(baseline), normal glycemia-hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and
DM. Body weight, liver function, blood lipids, fasting plasma glucose, fasting
plasma insulin, fasting plasma glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and GLP-2, serum
and fecal T-BAs, and gut microbiota were analyzed during the entire course of
T2DM development.

Results There were reductions in fecal T-BAs and short-chain fatty acids
(SCFAs)-producing bacteria including Phascolarctobacterium and
Lactobacillus in OLETF rats compared with those in LETO rats at
baseline, and low levels of fecal T-BAs and SCFAs-producing bacteria were
maintained throughout the whole course of the development of T2DM among OLETF
rats compared with those in corresponding age-matched LETO rats. Fecal
taurine-conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid correlated positively with
Phascolarctobacterium. Fecal taurine-conjugated deoxycholic acid
correlated positively with Lactobacillus and fasting plasma GLP-1 and
inversely with fasting plasma glucose.

Conclusion The fecal BAs profiles and microbiota structure among OLETF
rats were different from those of LETO rats during the entire course of T2DM
development, indicating that reductions in intestinal T-BAs and specific
SCFA-producing bacteria may be potential mechanisms of T2DM in OLETF rats.
Metastasiertes kastrationssensitives Prostatakarzinom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: December 2021

In der letzten Dekade war die Behandlung des metastasierten kastrationssensitiven Prostatakarzinoms (mCSPC) einem ständigen Wandel der Therapielandschaft und damit auch der Standardtherapien ausgesetzt. In dieser Zeit rekrutierte die PEACE-1-Studie als Teil des akademischen, europäischen PEACE-Programms (Prostate Cancer Consortium in Europe). Ergebnisse wurden jetzt präsentiert.
Aktuelles zur medikamentösen Therapie des rezidivierten/metastasierten Nierenzellkarzinoms (mNCC)
Authors: Virchow Isabel , Grünwald Viktor
Published: December 2021

Das Nierenzellkarzinom gehört zu den häufigen malignen Tumoren bei weiterhin steigender Inzidenz über die letzten 10 Jahre. Bei zunehmend verbesserter Operationstechniken, Nierenerhalt und minimal invasiven Eingriffen in der Lokaltherapie primär resektabler, nicht metastasierter Stadien, bleiben adjuvante Behandlungskonzepte bislang nicht indiziert und die medikamentöse Therapie den fortgeschritten metastasierten oder rezidivierten Tumoren vorbehalten. Nachdem zu Beginn des Jahrtausends durch den Einsatz von Zytokinen, als erstem Immuntherapeutischen Ansatz, das Gesamtüberleben von Patienten mit Nierenzellkarzinom im median 13 Monate betrug, dominierte über die letzte Dekade die zielgerichtete Therapie mit Angiogeneseinhibitoren in Form von Antikörpern oder Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitoren (TKI), sowie der Therapieoption der mTORInhibition. Demzufolge prägte die Wahl der therapeutischen Sequenztherapie die Diskussionen. Mittlerweile stellt die kombinierte Therapie mit Immun-Checkpoint-Inhibitoren (ICI) in der Erstlinientherapie des metastasierten Nierenzellkarzinoms einen neuen Standard dar und konnte das mediane Gesamtüberleben auf > 40 Monate anheben. Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitoren haben als Kombinationspartner und in einzelnen Fällen auch als Monotherapie weiter ihren Stellenwert behalten. Derzeit sind in der Erstlinientherapie des Nierenzellkarzinoms in Deutschland eine rein immunonkologische Kombination und 3 Kombinationen aus jeweils einem Immun-Checkpoint-Inhibitor und einem TKI zugelassen.
Kandidaten für die Erstlinientherapie?
Authors: Kutschki Ilona
Published: December 2021

Mit den MET-Inhibitoren ist Bewegung in die Therapie des aggressiven, fortgeschrittenen, nicht kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms (NSCLC) mit METex14-Skipping-Mutation gekommen. Im Rahmen des DGHO 2021 stellte Dr. Michael Thomas, Heidelberg, neueste Daten aus der VISION-Studie mit Tepotinib und Dr. Jürgen Wolf, Köln, aus der GEOMETRY-mono1-Studie mit Capmatinib vor.
Thoracic Spinal Angiolipomas: A Systematic Review
Authors: Umana Giuseppe Emmanuele , Visocchi Massimiliano , Roca Elena , Passanisi Maurizio , Fricia Marco , Tranchina Maria Grazia , Tomasi Santino Ottavio , Nicoletti Giovanni Federico , Cicero Salvatore , Scalia Gianluca
Published: December 2021

Background Spinal angiolipomas (SAs) are rare, benign tumors, representing 0.0004 to 1.2% of angiolipomas, usually located at the extradural and posterior thoracic level, with multimetameric extension.

Methods A systematic literature review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The authors searched on PubMed and Scopus databases for published articles with the Mesh term “spinal angiolipoma” and pertinent associations. Language restriction to English papers was applied. The authors also reported three emblematic cases of patients who underwent surgical resection of spindle-shaped (type IA) and dumbbell-shaped (type II) SAs between 2014 and 2020.

Results Of the 256 retrieved articles, 33 were included in the meta-analysis. These 33 studies, together with our 3 reported cases, included a total of 60 patients, 36 females (60%) and 24 males (40%), with a mean age of 53.12 ± 12.82 years (range: 12–77 years).

T5 was the most represented level (22 patients). Usually, the localization of SA was extradural, with 53 patients suffering from spindle-shaped type IA SA (88.3%) and 7 patients from dumbbell-shaped type II SA (11.6%). Almost all patients underwent laminectomy (78.3%) and presented a full recovery of motor deficits (85%). Gross total removal (GTR) was performed in 93.3% of patients. The mean follow-up was of 22.71 ± 21.45 months (range: 2–80 months). There was no documented recurrence at follow-up magnetic resonance imaging in any of the patients.

Conclusions SAs are rare, benign tumors with a great vascular component that presents a favorable outcome. GTR is the gold standard treatment and usually an adjuvant therapy is not required. Even infiltrative lesions, which are more complex, can be treated successfully with a good prognosis. Dumbbell-shaped SAs must be differentiated from schwannomas and meningiomas, and require different surgical techniques, given the profuse bleeding associated with the attempt of debulking. En block resection is the key to treat these common benign tumors with acceptable blood loss.
Trichoscopy for the Hair Transplant Surgeon—Assessing for Mimickers of Androgenetic Alopecia and Preoperative Evaluation of Donor Site Area
Authors: Issa Naiem T. , Tosti Antonella
Published: December 2021

Preoperative diagnostic confidence and donor site assessment are important for all hair transplant surgery patients. While the majority of patients seek hair transplantation for male or female pattern hair loss (androgenetic alopecia [AGA]), there are mimickers that must be differentiated from patterned hair loss, as they alter the candidacy of the patient for transplantation. They are termed mimickers as they also can present with patterned hair loss. The use of trichoscopy has become increasingly popular for such use. Patterned hair loss mimickers, which include the underappreciated alopecia areata incognita (AAI) and fibrosing alopecia in patterned distribution (FAPD), can be identified clinically with key trichoscopic findings such as yellow dots and peripilar casts, respectively, that correlate with their histologic diagnosis. Donor hair density and putative hair pathology of the safe donor area can also by assessed via trichoscopy. This article discusses the use of trichoscopy, particularly for diagnosing mimickers of patterned hair loss as well as preoperative donor site assessment.
Epidemiological Profile of 96 Intracranial Tumors Treated in a Single Reference Center
Authors: Bzuneck João Otávio Penteado , Matsubara Anderson , Carvalho Nick Dorneli de , Michelotto Bernardo Lacerda , Martinez Marina Tayz , Silva Pedro Henrique Araújo da , Boas Laura Silva Vilas
Published: December 2021

Objectives The present study aims to categorize the prevalence of intracranial tumors surgically treated at the neurosurgery service of Hospital Universitário Evangélico Mackenzie (HUEM) between 2016 and 2018.

Material and Methods This survey included patients surgically treated due to primary or metastatic intracranial neoplasia between 2016 and 2018 at a referral center in the city of Curitiba. These patients were analyzed for epidemiological, histopathological, and topographic data, and they underwent an assessment of the outcome at the time of hospital discharge.

Results A total of 96 patients met the inclusion criteria. The most prevalent tumor was the glioma, with 39.6% of the sample, with glioblastoma being the most prevalent histological type. Brain metastases and meningiomas represented, respectively, 21.9% and 18.8% of the total. There was a predominance of supratentorial and intra-axial tumors in our sample.

Conclusion Glioma was the most commonly found tumor, directly associated with high morbidity and mortality. The development of new and more effective drugs with action directed at the molecular level of intracranial tumors may be the path to a longer survival and improvement in the quality of life of these patients.
Emergent behaviors of the discrete thermodynamic Cucker–Smale model on complete Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Ahn Hyunjin , Ha Seung-Yeal , Shim Woojoo
Published: December 2021

We propose an intrinsic discrete-time counterpart of the abstract thermomechanical Cucker–Smale (TCS) model on connected, complete, and smooth Riemannian manifolds and study its emergent dynamics. Our proposed discrete model is expressed in terms of exponential map on the tangent bundle endowed with the Sasaki metric. Compared to projection-based discrete models on the manifold, it is embedding free and enjoys the same structural properties as the corresponding continuous models. For the proposed model, we provide a sufficient framework leading to asymptotic velocity alignment in which all particles’ velocity align when they lie in the same tangent plane via the parallel transport along the length-minimizing geodesic. For the unit-d sphere (Sd), we provide explicit representations of the Sasaki metric and the corresponding geodesics on TSd and show that the TCS model exhibits a dichotomy in asymptotic spatial patterns (either energy tends to zero or all particles move along a common geodesic on Sd, which is a great circle). We also provide several numerical examples and compare them with analytical results.
Ultra-stable dry cryostat for variable temperature break junction
Authors: Gemma Andrea , Zulji Anel , Hurtak Femke , Fatayer Shadi , Kittel Achim , Calame Michel , Gotsmann Bernd
Published: December 2021

We present the design of a variable temperature setup that uses a pulse tube cryocooler to perform break-junction experiments at variable temperatures ranging from 12 K to room temperature. The use of pulse tube coolers is advantageous because they are easy to use, can be highly automatized, and used to avoid wastage of cryogenic fluids. This is the reason why dry cryostats are conquering more and more fields in cryogenic physics. However, the main drawback is the level of vibration that can be up to several micrometers at the cold-head. The vibrations make the operation of scanning probe-based microscopes challenging. We implemented vibration-damping techniques that allow obtaining a vibration level of 12 pm between the tip and sample. With these adaptations, we show the possibility to perform break junction measurements in a cryogenic environment and keep in place atomic chains of a few nanometers between the two electrodes.
3D non-driven magnetic reconnection at multiple separators
Authors: Zahid Zarqa , Parnell C. E. , Qamar Anisa
Published: December 2021

Separators are important topological features of magnetic configuration for magnetic reconnection, commonly found in the solar plasma. They are located at the boundary shared among four distinctive flux domains; therefore, current layers easily build up around them. This paper aims to explore non-driven magnetic reconnection at multiple separators since little information is available about it. We have done two sets of experiments: non-resistive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) relaxation and resistive MHD reconnection of a magnetic configuration consisting of two null points alongside their associated spines and three non-potential separators, which connect the same two null points. We used the LARE3D code for this purpose. The main current layers are formed along these separators where reconnection takes place. The reconnection occurs in two distinct phases: fast–strong and slow–weak. Most of the current dissipates at a fast rate, through Ohmic heating, during the fast–strong phase. The short-lived impulsive bursty reconnection events occur randomly in the slow–weak phase, while viscous heating exceeds Ohmic heating in this phase. The electric field component is parallel to field lines along the separators; likewise, the rate of reconnection along each of them evolved over time. However, work on separator reconnection has a strong potential to understand the underlying physics.
Nonlinear development of absolute Raman backscatter in ignition-scale direct-drive coronal conditions
Authors: Wang Qing , Rozmus Wojciech , Myatt Jason Frank
Published: December 2021

Motivated by a resurgence of interest in stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion, we use Vlasov–Maxwell simulations to investigate the nonlinear saturation and associated hot electron production for absolute SRS backscatter near the quarter-critical density. The simulated plasma conditions are relevant to recent planar target experiments on the National Ignition Facility [Rosenberg et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 055001 (2018)]. It is discovered that wave–wave interactions dominate over kinetic effects in the nonlinear development of instability with clear signatures of the Langmuir decay instability (LDI) cascade and modulational instability of the primary electron plasma wave. Spectral broadening of the scattered light is shown to occur by two mechanisms: via a long wavelength modulation of the electron density—caused by the ponderomotive action of the near-turning point Airy-like structure of the SRS light—and by seeding of SRS by the LDI cascade. Hot electrons are produced at a level that is ≲1% of the incident laser energy by acceleration in the turbulent spectrum associated with the LDI cascade. Despite the high electron plasma temperature, collisions are shown to be important and have the effect of moderating the LDI cascade. The effect of collisions is shown to have a more dramatic effect on hot electron production than on the SRS reflectivity.
Giant modulation of photoluminescence in CsPbBr3 films through polarization switching of PMN-PT
Authors: Liu Nannan , Zhao Zeen , Gao Wenxiu , Qi Yajun , Zhang Xinping , Yuan Guoliang , Liu Jun-Ming
Published: December 2021

CsPbBr3 shows excellent photoelectric properties such as a direct bandgap of 2.25 eV, large optical absorption coefficient, and strong luminescence intensity. Therefore, it is promising to be applied in LED devices. It is important to modulate and enhance photoluminescence (PL) intensity through external stimulus. Here, (001) CsPbBr3 films with nanocrystals were grown on the PMN-PT ferroelectric single crystal substrate, and its PL can be largely modulated by the ferroelectric polarization switching of PMN-PT. The saturated polarization of a 90 nm thick CsPbBr3 film induces a 67% increase in the PL intensity, which is due to piezoelectric strain passivated defects, resulting in decreased nonradiative recombination. However, the upward saturated polarization of the 40 nm thick CsPbBr3 film introduces a 55% decrease in the PL intensity, which can be attributed to the inner electric field separating the light-excited electron–hole pairs, thereby decreasing their radiative combination. This reversible and tunable photoluminescence is important for the development of advanced multifunctional optoelectrical devices.
A perspective on two-dimensional van der Waals opto-spin-caloritronics
Authors: Phan Manh-Huong , Trinh M. Tuan , Eggers Tatiana , Kalappattil Vijaysankar , Uchida Ken-ichi , Woods Lilia M. , Terrones Mauricio
Published: December 2021

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals magnetic semiconductors displaying controllable ferromagnetism at room temperature form atomically sharp interfaces with various substrates. Such heterostructures create platforms for understanding spin-dependent phenomena across interfaces and surfaces for high-performance technological applications. Combining these 2D magnets with light and the spin Seebeck effect (SSE) in-state-of-the-art thermo-opto-spin studies forms a new paradigm in the field of spin-caloritronics that harnesses light as the new heat. In this Perspective, we detail how to exploit recent advances in 2D van der Waals materials to boost the SSE and propose a new strategy for optically controlled SSE in 2D magnetic semiconductor-based heterostructures with the intent to establish the research thrust of “opto-spin-caloritronics.”
Nonequilibrium self-assembly of multiple stored targets in a dimer-based system
Authors: Ben-Ari Adi , Ben-Ari Liron , Bisker Gili
Published: December 2021

Nonequilibrium self-assembly can be found in various biological processes where chemical potential gradients are exploited to steer the system to a desired organized structure with a particular function. Microtubules, for example, are composed of two globular protein subunits, α-tubulin and β-tubulin, which bind together to form polar dimers that self-assemble a hollow cylinder structure in a process driven by GTPase activity. Inspired by this process, we define a generic self-assembly lattice model containing particles of two subunits, which is driven out-of-equilibrium by a dimer-favoring local driving force. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we characterize the ability of this system to restore pre-encoded target structures as a function of the initial seed size, interaction energy, chemical potential, number of target structures, and strength of the nonequilibrium drive. We demonstrate some intriguing consequences of the drive, such as a smaller critical seed and an improved target assembly stability, compared to the equilibrium scenario. Our results can expand the theoretical basis of nonequilibrium self-assembly and provide deeper understanding of how nonequilibrium driving can overcome equilibrium constraints.