bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathology review identifies frequent misdiagnoses in recurrent classic Hodgkin lymphoma in a nationwide cohort: implications for clinical and epidemiological studies
Authors: Boot Max V. , Schaapveld Michael , Van den Broek Esther C. , Hijmering Nathalie J. , Group PALGA , Van der Oord Kimberly , Van Leeuwen Flora E. , Dinmohamed Avinash G. , Koens Lianne , De Jong Daphne
Published: October 2022

Patients treated for classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) have a reported 13-fold increased risk of developing subsequent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). In light of the growing awareness of CHL mimickers, this study re-assesses this risk based on an in-depth pathology review of a nationwide cohort of patients diagnosed with CHL in the Netherlands (2006-2013) and explores the spectrum of CHL mimickers. Among 2,669 patients with biopsy-proven CHL, 54 were registered with secondary NHL. On review, CHL was confirmed in 25/54 patients. In six of these, the subsequent lymphoma was a primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma/mediastinal gray zone lymphoma, biologically related to CHL and 19/25 were apparently unrelated B-cell NHL. In 29/54 patients, CHL was reclassified as NHL, including T-cell lymphomas with secondary Hodgkin-like B-blasts (n=15), Epstein Barr virus-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n=8), CD30+ T-cell lymphoma (n=3) and indolent B-cell proliferations (n=3). Higher age, disseminated disease at presentation, extensive B-cell marker expression and association with Epstein-Barr virus were identified as markers to alert for CHL mimickers. Based on these data, the risk of developing NHL after CHL treatment was re-calculated to 3.6-fold (standardized incidence ratio 3.61; confidence interval: 2.29-5.42). In addition, this study highlights the clinicopathological pitfalls leading to misinterpretation of CHL and consequences for the care of individual patients, interpretation of trials and epidemiological assessments.
Measurement of Parathyroid Hormone Level after Total Thyroidectomy in Prediction of Hypocalcaemia
Authors: Saha Gobinda Chandra , Rahman Mohammad Ziaur , Rashid Md Shoeb Ur , Chhanda Chhamita Sultana , Dey Debashis
Published: October 2022

Background: Parathyroid dysfunction leading to symptomatic hypocalcemia is not uncommon following a total or completion thyroidectomy and is often associated with significant patient morbidity and a prolonged hospital stay.
Objectives: To investigate whether postoperative parathyroid hormone level is a parameter to identify hypocalcaemia after total thyroidectomy.
Methods: This prospective longitudinal study was carried out with variety of thyroid disorders with indication of total thyroidectomy at BSMMU. Total 103 patient were selected following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The routine clinical assessment and the preoperative laboratory investigations of the study population were performed before operation. Preoperative and postoperative levels of serum PTH and serum calcium level were measured.
Results: Immediate post-operative period 17(16.50%) patients PTH level were low (<14 pg/ ml). The mean PTH in immediate post-operative was 36.79±21.71 pg/ml. Regarding the distribution of the study patients by serum calcium, it was observed that 20.39% patients belonged to low (<8 mg/dl) serum calcium. The mean serum calcium level was 8.47±1.19 (mg/dl) with ranged from 2.1 to 10.6 (mg/dl). Among the study population 11 patient developed symptomatic hypocalcemia. Most 72.7% the patient, symptomatic hypocalcemia developed after 48 hours of operation.
Conclusion: Hypocalcaemia after total or completion thyroidectomy is not uncommon in our population. If we measure a single parathyroid hormone level in postoperative period that can reflect early result and help to take necessary measure to avoid hypocalcaemic effect. Low intraoperative PTH levels during thyroid surgery are therefore a feasible predictor of postoperative hypocalcemia.
Sir Salimullah Med Coll J 2022; 30: 103-107
Detection of Bacterial Causes of Conjunctivitis Among Neonates and Under five Children and Their Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern
Authors: Shams Farhana , Shamsuzzaman SM , Paul Shikha , Khan Tarek Mahbub , Rabin Nadia , Sarkar Dipika
Published: October 2022

Objectives: The present study was designed to find out the bacterial causes of conjunctivitis among neonates and under five children and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern.
Methodology: A cross sectional study was done in the department of Microbiology, Dhaka Medical College from July 2012 to June 2013. Conjunctival swab samples were collected from neonates and children of clinically suspected conjunctivitis attending OPD of Dhaka Medical College Hospital and National Institute of Ophthalmology and Hospital.
Results: Out of 206 cases, 145 (70.73%) were culture positives. Most common gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcas aureus and gram negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In neonates, Chlamydia trachomatis were detected by PCR. Organisms show highest sensitivity to vancomycin, amikacin, and chloramphenicol.
Conclusion: So, early diagnosis of bacterial causes and its antibiotic sensitivity pattern will help in proper management of childhood conjunctivitis.
Sir Salimullah Med Coll J 2022; 30: 123-128
Obituary Vol. 30 (2)
Authors: Gupta Sudip Das
Published: October 2022

Abstract not available

Sir Salimullah Med Coll J 2022; 30: 193
Interaksi Motivasi Belajar Tinggi Serta Rendah Versus Hasil Belajar Materi Perkakas Tangan
Authors: Yudianto Heri , Rufi’i Rufi’i , Leksono Ibut Priono
Published: October 2022

This research aims to research high and low learning motivation versus learning outcomes hand tool material. This research apply the Quasy Experiment method. While the research design is a 2 x 2 factorial. Furthermore, for the data collection method using the cluster random sampling method. The sample of research was 144 students. Furthermore, several series of tests were held, including: validity test, reliability test, prerequisite test (test of homogeneity, normality, and one way ANOVA) and hypothesis testing (two way ANOVA test). This questionnaire consists of 36 questionnaires so that the highest is 144 and the lowest is 36. From scores obtained, it can be grouped into 2 categories, namely students with low motivation and high motivation categories. Students with low motivation category if they get a score between 36-89 and students with high motivation category if they get a score between 90-144. All samples in this study were given a learning motivation questionnaire and then grouped according to the categories of students with high learning motivation categories and students with low learning motivation categories. The results of this research show that there is a comparison between students who have high learning motivation and students who have low learning motivation on the learning outcomes of hand tools in class X SMKN 1 Driyorejo and SMKS YPM 8 Sidoarjo in the 2021-2022 academic year.
Pengaruh Metode Demonstrasi Melalui Film Animasi Pada Kecakapan Menulis Narasi Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Deminda Dinda Vica , Ahmad Mubarak
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to determine the impact of the demonstration method that was conducted through animation movie on the narration writing skills of elementary school students. This study was conducted using a quantitative research approach, with Quasi-Experimental Design (Posttest Only Control Design) as a research method. Participants were divided into two groups, namely the experimental class and the control class, with each group consisted of 33 students. The results of a study showed that the posttest mean value of the experimental class was higher, which was 76.30, compared to the score in the control class, which was 63.51. This study establishes that the use of an animation movie as a teaching tool for students at Elementary School 12 in Depok had an impact on students' narration writing skills. Through the use of animation movie, students become more enthusiastic and active when participating in learning activity.
Efficient Strategy to Remove Potable Water Scarcity in Lahore
Authors: Ahmad Ijaz , Iqbal Muhammad Sajid , Naveed Noor ul Huda , Iqbal Mohammad Junaid
Published: October 2022

Water is life” is not only a phrase but also a reality which ensure human survival. This study provides an important tool to analyze different water management strategies that can be helpful in saving available water resources in an efficient way. Consultation with the public and officials of Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA), Lahore Development Authority (LDA), and Water & Power Development Authority (WAPDA) made this easier to understand the acceptability of the explored strategies in Lahore. A sample size of 400population was observed a supportive method to draw favorable results from the collected primary data. It is estimated that Lahore and its outskirts receive highest rainfall which contributes 40% to the annual groundwater recharge but the water table is still depleting gradually. This research provides necessary information regarding the conservation of ground water. The correlations method was applied to check the significance of the variables. The findings proposed that authorities must communicate awareness among general public regarding importance of water or should start programs for water management. The other way of correlating strategies implemented in other similar countries led us towards billing and taxing as the topmost strategy to be implemented in our case study. A total of 66% targeted population was willing to make this strategy implemented through government support. Although other strategies like flash flooding, water recycling, rainwater harvesting, and equitable access to water all the time were following the acceptance as 60%, 61%, and 62% respectively. Finally, imposition of strict laws on water usage leads toward water saving for a sustainable future.
Assessment and Mapping of Vulnerable Roads to Accidents Through Geospatial Techniques
Authors: Bano Iqra , Abbas Nasir , Abbas Sadaf Ali , Abubakar Muhammad , Elahi Raheema , Akhtar Fatima
Published: October 2022

In Pakistan, about 36000 people were killed in road accidents in the year 2019. This study focuses on hazard assessment through geo-spatial techniques using both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. An attempt was made to demarcate the most vulnerable roads to accidents for the years 2015 to 2019 through geospatial techniques. The data used in this research was collected through real time field observation using questionnaire-based survey. The results show that the ratio of reported accidents was higher in 2019 which was 53,979, in comparison to the number of accidents occurred in 2015 which were 19,073. It caused 478 casualities in 2019 in comparison to 308 in 2015. We found various reasons behind these accidents at both administration and individual levels e.g., about 67% increase was observed in number of vehicles from 2015 to 2019 whereas only 14% driving licenses were issues against this number. The most vulnerable roads where most of accidents occurred were Ferozepur Road, Ring Road, Mall Road and Jail Road whereas, in Iqbal Town, the roads were Canal Road, Multan Road, College Road and Raiwind Road. Geospatial techniques proved efficient for mapping the vulnerable roads to accidents.
A Study of Active Chaman Fault System (CFS) using SRTM DEM
Authors: Abuzar Khubaib , Batool Saira , Amer Areeba , Mahmood Syed Amer , Arif Hania , Waseem Asad , Talib Bushra , Shahazad Muhammad , Aslam Rana Muhammad Sohail
Published: October 2022

Chaman fault is a seismically active fault running over 850km in western region of Pakistan and Afghanistan. It is a major geological structure between Indian and Eurasian plates. Chaman fault is a strike slip fault which is slipping nearly at the rate of 10mm per year. This research includes the evaluation of lithological processes and neotectonics activity using Hypsometric Integral (HI). We calculated values of hypsometric integral using SRTM DEM with 90m spatial resolution in active region of Chaman Fault (CF) and in its locality. We analyzed different mean, minimum and maximum elevations using regular square grids and measured the degree of spatial distribution of HI using Local Indices (LI) of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA). LISA provides auto correlation for the cluster analysis of hotspots and cold spots of HI values to discriminate uplifted and eroded regions.
SRTM DEM based Neotectonics from Non-Linear Analysis: A Paradigm through Fractal Analysis
Authors: Amer Areeba , Mahmood Syed Amer , Masood Amer , Batool Saira , Arif Hania , Talib Bushra , Shahazad Muhammad , Aslam Rana Muhammad Sohail
Published: October 2022

Neotectonics amend the river base and causes landscape erosion. This study explores the DEM based differentiation of neotectonics in the northern regions of Pakistan. This method involves vertical and non-linear dissection base on digital evaluation method. This study uses Gliding Box Technique (GBM and GBT) and Box Counting method to evaluate Lacunarity (LA), Succolarity (SA) or 3-Fractals, and Fractal Dimensions (FD). 3-fractals are an attribute used for the recognition of spatial patterns, specifically to compute and differentiate natural textures including natural patterns. This study also investigates vertical dissection using DEM SRTM having spatial resolution of 90m. DEM SRTM measures surface area, plane area as well as the surface ratio. The vertical areas are investigated to make dissection maps and to identify the affects of neotectonics on the roughness of surface. Low value of surface roughness indicates flattened drainage basins and inclination of slope. The Raikot Fault shows higher values of surface roughness towards NE- SW. The surface roughness is mapped to recognize relative uplifts, uneven regions, depressions and pits. Analysis through non-linear method identifies the regions affected by neotectonics activity. Tectonics activity causes deformation and instability in drainage networks.
Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Chain and Poverty in Pakistan
Authors: Rauf Umber , Abbas Ali
Published: October 2022

COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected the food supply throughout the world. Pandemics affect the economy of nations badly but a number of countries were facing food insecurity even before COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper yearly data of food security is collected from the year 2015 to 2020 to inspect the consequences of poverty and COVID-19 pandemic through spatial regression analysis. The analysis shows that the food insecurity index has increased up to 33.5% by the year 2020 due to prevailing COVID- 19 pandemic. The Asian residents which are already living in developing countries have faced higher food insecurity between the years 2015 and 2018. The spatial regression analysis babbled that the discriminations like race, religion and creed doesn’t play any significant role in poverty and food insecurity. The primary factor of food insecurity is poverty. The poverty affected strongly during the years 2015 and 2018, the condition was worsened by the arrival of COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.
Heart Attack Risk Prediction with Duke Treadmill Score with Symptoms using Data Mining
Authors: Anjum Muhammad Shoaib , Mumtaz Dr. Shahzad , Riaz Dr. Omer , Sharif Waqas
Published: October 2022

The healthcare industry has a huge volume of patients’ health records but the discovery of hidden information using data mining techniques is missing. Data mining and its algorithm can help in this situation. This study aims to discover the hidden pattern from symptoms to detect early Stress Echocardiography before using Exercise Tolerance Test (ETT). During this study, raw ETT data of 776 patients are obtained from private heart clinic “The Heart Center Bahawalpur”, Bahawalpur, South Punjab, Pakistan. Duke treadmill score (DTS) is an output of ETT which classifies a patient’s heart is working normally or abnormally. In this work multiple machine learning algorithms like Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), J.48, and Random Forest (RF) are used to classify patients’ hearts working normally or not using general information about a patient like a gender, age, body surface area (BSA), body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP) Systolic, BP Diastolic, etc. along with risk factors information like Diabetes Mellitus, Family History, Hypertension, Obesity, Old Age, Post-Menopausal, Smoker, Chest Pain and Shortness Of Breath (SOB). During this study, it is observed that the best accuracy of 85.16% is achieved using the Logistic Regression algorithm using the split percentage of 60-40.
Estimation of relation between moisture content of soil and reflectivity index using GPS signals
Authors: Saleem Muhammad Farhan , Arif Hania , Ahmad Hafiz Haroon
Published: October 2022

The irrigation system throughout the world is affected by the variations in water content due to different soil structure, textures and climate change. The irrigation system supplies sufficient water to the agricultural fields in order to fulfill the prerequisites. The measurement of soil moisture content (62%) is crucial for precision irrigation and sustainable agricultural system. Site specific agricultural system was utilized to overcome all issues related to soil water moisture contents in the paddock. Smart technology was utilized to record GPS signals utilizing the signals reflected on the Earth’s surface. The GPS was utilized to analyze dielectric soil properties and moisture content in proposed areas. The main objective of this study was to determine water content with stimulus soil type, ground cover and compaction on the irrigation system by utilizing the GPS-based techniques. The result indicated positive relation between soil moisture content and the signals reflected on the earth surface. All factors affecting the irrigation system were not related to the reflected signals and did not affect the soil moisture content. The reflectivity was not reduced by ground cover. Whereas, comparative relationship was found between soil moisture content and reflectivity index i.e. soil moisture contents were increased with reflectivity index up to 0.02 %. The results showed that GPS signals system have significant impact on estimation of soil moisture content in precise irrigation system.
Multirate Adaptive Equalization
Authors: Anjum Muhammad Yasir Siddique , Anjum Muhammad Ali Raza , Riaz Usman
Published: October 2022

Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter model emulates the Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) in a wireless communication channel. An equalizer, typically an Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter, behaves as an inverse filter to the FIR filter to remove the effects of the ISI. IIR filters are generally avoided due to tractability issues, and an FIR filter, with an adaptive signal processing algorithm to minimize the error due to the ISI, is deployed at the receiver. However, the filter is observed to quickly reach a steady state where further iterations do not yield a reduction in the error. This can be attributed to relatively slow variations in the steady state error which prevent further reduction of the errors. This work focuses on converting the low frequency error variations to high frequency variations by the use of multirate signal processing. As such, the steady state error can be damped as well, providing further reduction in the error and an enhanced adaptive filter performance.
Flow Analysis of Various Inlet Velocity Profiles on Indoor Temperature for Energy Conservation of HVAC System Using CFD
Authors: Hashmi Atta ul Mannan , Ahmed Arshan , Butt Fahad Rafi , Ghani Shahbaz , Akhtar Imran
Published: October 2022

Energy conservation has been the most popular topic of the modern world. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems consume approximately 10 % of the total energy of world. In order to improve the efficiency of HVAC systems, two dimensional (2D) room with inlet, outlet and heat source has been modeled. ANSYS Fluent has been used for numerical analysis of air flow in a 2D room. User Defined Functions (UDFs), which are coded in C language and hooked in ANSYS fluent, have been used for recording temperature variations and for heat generation within 2D room. Besides studying velocity fields and temperature distributions within indoor environment under specified boundary conditions, reference region for comparative analysis is also selected during Steady State (SS) numerical simulations. During transient analysis, temperature variations of a selected location are recorded for four different scenarios under varying inlet velocity profiles i.e. three for 0°, 30°, 60° angle with 1.3661 m/s velocity and fourth 0° with 2.7322 m/s velocity. Temperature profile of reference region after 1500 sec of transient simulations are compared with the steady state. Temperature profile of the scenario once the air is injected at 30° closely matched with the steady state temperature profile of the selected region. Time for attainment of SS temperature is also measured and compared after transient simulations. SS temperature value was attained twice, first at 240 seconds when the air was injected at 0° with 2.7322 m/s and secondly at 522 seconds when inlet air entered at velocity of 1.3361 m/s at 30°. The power consumption by increasing the fan speed is much higher as compared to the power consumed for changing direction only.
An Automated Framework for Corona Virus Severity Detection using Combination of AlexNet and Faster RCNN
Authors: Haris Muhammad Haris Munir , Mahum Rabbia , Nafees Muhammad , Aitaza Muhammad , Irtaza Aun
Published: October 2022

Coronavirus has affected daily lives of people all around the globe. Lungs being the respiratory organ are the most affected by such a virus. Alternative techniques for diagnosing the coronavirus involving X-rays and CT scans of the chest have been proposed. The severity of the disease, on the other hand, is a crucial component in the patient's treatment. As a consequence, an automated approach to ascertain the severity of the coronavirus on the lungs is designed to decrease the impacts of the coronavirus on the lungs and practice the right treatment. In this manuscript, we proposed a deep learning-based model for identifying the severity level of coronavirus on the lungs which is further categorized in high, moderate, and low. We employed AlexNet for the disease detection and Faster RCNN for the severity level prediction based on the affected area of the lungs. The evaluation is assessed using X-rays and CT scans of the lungs. Total 1400 images have been employed for the training and performance evaluation of the proposed system. The metrics that we considered for the performance evaluation are accuracy, precision, recall, error rate, and time. The results showed that our proposed model attained about 98.4% accuracy and 98.15% precision.
Visualizing Impact of Weather on Traffic Congestion Prediction: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Hussain Shahrukh , Munir Usama , Chaudhry Muhammad Salman
Published: October 2022

A substantial amount of research has been done to develop improved Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) to alleviate traffic congestion problems. These include methods that incorporate the indirect impact on traffic flow such as weather. In this paper, we studied the impact of weather conditions on traffic congestion along with more spatial and temporal factors, such as weekdays/time and location, which is a different approach to this problem. The proposed solution uses all these indicators to estimate the flow of traffic. We evaluate the level of congestion (LOC) based on the traffic volume grouped in certain regions of the city. The index for the defined LOC indicates the traffic flow from “free -flowing” to “traffic jam”. The data for the traffic volume count is collected from the Department of Transportation (DOT) for NYMTC. Weather conditions along with special and temporal information have an essential role in predicting the congestion level. We used supervised machine learning for this purpose. The prediction models are based on certain factors such as the volume count of the traffic at the entry and exit point of each street pair, particular days of the week, timestamp, geographical location, and weather parameters. The study is done on the major roadways of each of the four prominent boroughs in New York. The results of the traffic prediction model were established by using the Gradient Boosting Regression Tree (GBRT) which showed an accuracy of 97.12%. Moreover, the calculation speed was relatively fast, and it has stronger applicability to the prediction of congestion conditions.
Dual-Band 10-Element MIMO Array for 5G Smartphones in Sub-6 GHz
Authors: Sufyan Ali , Khan Khan Bahadur , Aslam Waqar , Salam Yasir
Published: October 2022

The dramatic growth of mobile users, IoT-based applications, and astounding channel capacity requirements to connect trillions of devices are some huge challenges of the previous mobile generations, 5G turned up the key solution. Although the 5G MIMO can boost channel capacity and spectrum efficiency, it is very challenging to integrate multiple antennas into a mobile phone with limited space. Therefore, we presented a multi-band 10-elements array antenna operating at the LTE (long term evolution) 42, 43, and 46 frequency spectrum (sub-6 GHz band) for MIMO applications in fourth/fifth generation (4G/5G) modern mobile phones in this paper. A simple T-shaped slot antenna is designed to acquire 10-element MIMO antenna implementation in LTE 42/43 and 46 bands. The presented antenna array is integrated using a low-priced FR-4 substrate which is typically used for 5.7- 6-inch smartphones and possesses dimensions of 150mm × 80mm × 0.8mm. The simulated results show superb impedance matching and isolation between ports (> -12 dB), radiation efficiency (>70 %), and Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC< 0.05) over the operational frequency. Consequently, the designed MIMO antenna array is effectively favorable for the 5G MIMO smartphone to enhance data output and the spectrum efficiency.
FIRST REPORT OF GENUS PARMELIELLA MÜLL. (PELTIGERALES; LECANOROMYCETES; ASCOMYCOTA) FROM PAKISTAN
Authors: Firdous Qudsia , Ali Arslan , Khalid Abdul Nasir
Published: October 2022

When studying lichens in Pakistan, we came across a crustose species with small to moderate squamulose on a thin blackish hypothallus with a dry, rough, gray-brown to the black upper surface. The standard chemical tests integrated with conventional to modern taxonomic tools were used to name the specimen. Consequently, with minor differences in the morphology, and no difference in nucleotides, the lichen species was baptized Parmeliella thriptophylla (Ach.) Müll. Arg. The descriptive taxonomy and n-ITS-based phylogeny of this species with its habitus are presented in this study. No previous record of this species, genus, or family was found in Pakistan.
Machine Learning with Data Balancing Technique for IoT Attack and Anomalies Detection
Authors: Arshed Muhammad Asad , Jabbar Muhammad Abdul , Liaquat Farrukh , Chaudhary Usman Mohy-ud-Din , Karim Danial , Alam Hina , Mumtaz Shahzad
Published: October 2022

Nowadays the significant concern in IoT infrastructure is anomaly and attack detection from IoT devices. Due to the advanced technology, the attack issues are increasing gradually. There are many attacks like Data Type Probing, Denial of Service, Malicious Operation, Malicious Control, Spying, Scan, and Wrong Setup that cause the failure of the IoT-based system. In this paper, several machine learning model performances have been compared to effectively predict the attack and anomaly. The performance of the models is compared with evaluation matrices (Accuracy) and confusion matrix for the final version of the effective model. Most of the recent studies performed experiments on an unbalanced dataset; that is clear that the model will be biased for such a dataset, so we completed the experiments in two forms, unbalanced and balanced data samples. For the unbalanced dataset, we have achieved the highest accuracy of 98.0% with Generalized Linear Model as well as with Random Forest; Unbalanced dataset means most of the chances are that model is biased, so we have also performed the experiments with Random Under Sampling Technique (Balancing Data) and achieved the highest accuracy of 94.3% with Generalized Linear Model. The confusion matrix in this study also supports the performance of the Generalized Linear Model.
Analysis of Code Vulnerabilities in Repositories of GitHub and Rosettacode: A comparative Study
Authors: Malik Abdul , Naveed Muhammad Shumail
Published: October 2022

Open-source code hosted online at programming portals is present in 99% of commercial software and is common practice among developers for rapid prototyping and cost-effective development. However, research reports the presence of vulnerabilities, which result in catastrophic security compromise, and the individual, organization, and even national secrecy are all victims of this circumstance. One of the frustrating aspects of vulnerabilities is that vulnerabilities manifest themselves in hidden ways that software developers are unaware of. One of the most critical tasks in ensuring software security is vulnerability detection, which jeopardizes core security concepts like integrity, authenticity, and availability. This study aims to explore security-related vulnerabilities in programming languages such as C, C++, and Java and present the disparities between them hosted at popular code repositories. To attain this purpose, 708 programs were examined by severity-based guidelines. A total of 1371 vulnerable codes were identified, of which 327 in C, 51 in C++, and 993 in Java. Statistical analysis also indicated a substantial difference between them, as there is ample evidence that the Kruskal-Wallis H-test p-value (.000) is below the 0.05 significance level. The Mann-Whitney Test mean rank for GitHub (Mean-rank=676.05) and Rosettacode (Mean-rank=608.64) are also different. The novelty of this article is to identify security vulnerabilities and grasp the nature severity of vulnerability in popular code repositories. This study eventually manifests a guideline for choosing a secure programming language as a successful testing technique that targets vulnerabilities more liable to breaching security.
A Study of Reasons behind Unproductivity and In-decisiveness in public Institutions of Urban Planning in Pakistan.
Authors: Zaheer Hassan , Mayo Dr Shakir Mahmood
Published: October 2022

Urban Planning plays a crucial role in managing the systematic growth of the cities. Over time, it has been observed that institutions dealing with the planning, development & regulations are suffering from unproductivity because of numerous reasons. The objective of the study is to find the social, psychological, administrative, structural & academic factors affecting the most in the non-performance and unproductivity of the institutions dealing with the Urban Planning & Development and their respective severity so that the causes of those factors could be evaluated & so as remedial measures & reforms could be suggested. The performance evaluation is needed for the organizations working in the Urban Planning field. Otherwise, the Master plan/strategic plan/ development plan will remain merely an academic concept. It’s about giving a chance to look deep inside your organization to enhance its efficiency and effectiveness.
Monitoring of Cortisol Levels in Hog Deer with Varying Environment Exposure
Authors: Shah Muhammad Hassan Ali , Rafi Uzma , Yasmeen Roheela , Ahmad Mubashar
Published: October 2022

Hog deer (Axis porcinus) is one of the least studied animal species in Pakistan. It belongs to Order Artiodactyla and the family Cervidae. IUCN classified Axis porcinus as an endangered species in 2008. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of varying environmental exposure, genders, and seasonal changes on captive hog deer (A. porcinus) at Lahore Zoo, Safari Zoo, and Jallo Park in Lahore, Pakistan. Non-invasive techniques were used to monitor stress levels in hog deer. For sample collection, four definite months belonging to two seasons’ winter and summer were considered. A total of 48 urine and faecal samples were collected from both male and female hog deer. Seasonal fluctuations have been found to have a significant impact on faecal and urinary cortisol levels. Higher cortisol levels were found in both male and female hog deer in the summer season at all three visited sites. Fluctuations in environmental exposure at three research sites had a significant impact on faecal and urinary cortisol levels. Higher levels of cortisol were found in both male and female hog deer at Jallo park and Lahore Zoo, as compared to Safari Zoo. It was concluded that lower cortisol levels at Safari Zoo might be due to better environmental conditions and more flexible enclosure size and interaction of various species of deer. Temperature affected hog deer cortisol levels in summer, as higher levels were measured in summer compared to winter. In addition, sex did not predict any stress levels in hog deer. It has been suggested that a large enclosure size can control levels of cortisol in hog deer.
Sales Prediction of Cardiac Products by Time Series and Deep Learning
Authors: Arshad Muhammad Waqas , Tahir Syed Fahad
Published: October 2022

Maintaining inventory level to avoid high inventory costs is an issue for Cardiac Product Distribution Companies (CPDCs) because of the shortage of their products which affect their sale and causes loss of the customer. This research aims to provide a method for predicting the upcoming demand of the Balloon and Stents by using time series analysis (Auto Regression Integrated Moving Average) and Deep learning (Long-Short Term Memory). To conduct this research, data was collected from Pakistan’s leading cardiac product distributors to determine the method's performance. The findings were compared using Mean absolute error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Result conclude that the ARIMA algorithm successfully forecasts cardiac products sale.
Estudo sobre a obrigatoriedade de cobertura de cirurgia robótica pelos planos de saúde
Authors: Furlaneto Neto Mario , Leão Júnior Teófilo Marcelo de Arêa , Furlaneto Laura Badiz , Leão Maria Eduarda Arêa
Published: October 2022

A cirurgia robótica revolucionou a prática operacional (cirurgia laparoscópica) na área da saúde. Por ser um procedimento minimamente invasivo e altamente preciso oportuniza maior chance de cura sem complicações, além de redução do período de internação e despesas com medicamentos. Nessa acepção, objetivou-se discutir sobre a obrigatoriedade de cobertura da cirurgia robótica pelos planos de saúde. Trata-se de revisão narrativa de caráter descritivo qualitativo elaborada por meio de coleta de dados de fontes primárias realizada a partir de busca em periódicos indexados, além de revisão jurisprudencial. Os resultados foram apresentados levando em consideração a realidade brasileira. Verificou-se que a jurisprudência estabelece o entendimento de que o contrato do plano de saúde pode conter cláusulas limitativas dos direitos do consumidor. No entanto, revela-se abusiva a que exclui o custeio dos procedimentos e materiais necessários ao melhor desempenho do tratamento da doença coberta pelo plano, como é caso das vantagens técnicas da cirurgia robótica. No caso de negativa de cobertura de cirurgia robótica pela operadora do plano de assistência à saúde recomenda-se tomar as providências necessárias visando garantir o acesso ao tratamento por meio de liminar judicial, bem como pedido de indenização por dano moral em caso de coexistência dos pressupostos legais. Salienta-se que responsabilidade contratual não decorre somente do cumprimento do contrato, mas de seus deveres acessórios baseados no princípio da boa-fé objetiva, que está ligado não só à interpretação dos contratos, mas, também, ao interesse social de segurança das relações jurídicas.
Pengaruh Rasio Keuangan Dan Good Corporate Governance Terhadap Risiko Pembiayaan Pada Bank Syariah
Authors: , Nursaidah , Laela Sugiyarti Fatma
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh rasio keuangan dan good corporate governance terhadap risiko pembiayaan pada bank syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan data bank umum syariah yang terdaftar di Otoritas Jasa Keuangan tahun 2012-2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Independensi dewan komisaris berpengaruh negatif terhadap risiko pembiayaan. Disamping itu financing to deposit ratio dan rasio beban operasional terhadap pendapatan operasional berpengaruh positif terhadap risiko pembiayaan. Sedangkan Capital Adequacy Ratio dan Efektifitas Komite Audit tidak berpengaruh terhadap risiko pembiayaan.
THE CALCULATING OF THE TRANSIENT TEMPERATURE FIELD OF THE FIRST STAGE SEGMENT RING OF A GAS TURBINE
Authors:   Hangzhou Steam Turbine & Power Group Co., Ltd., Bo Wang , Yongfeng* Sui ,   Hangzhou Steam Turbine & Power Group Co., Ltd., Jiaming Wei ,   Hangzhou Steam Turbine & Power Group Co., Ltd., Peng Chu ,   Hangzhou Steam Turbine & Power Group Co., Ltd., Yao Tu ,   Hangzhou Steam Turbine & Power Group Co., Ltd., Hongwei Chi ,   Zhejiang Rancon Turbine Innovation Co., Ltd.
Published: October 2022

In this paper, a rapid method for calculating the transient temperature of the hot components of gas turbines is presented, which contains the following steps: 1. The key factors affecting the heat transfer boundary conditions of the hot component are analyzed, and then link these key factors to gas turbine operation parameters, such as: compressor inlet mass flow, compressor exhaust pressure, turbine inlet gas temperature, etc.. 2. Obtain the gas turbine operation parameters mentioned above at each transient time step. 3. Based on dimensionless criterion number analysis, the external and internal heat transfer boundary conditions of the component at each transient time step are obtained by scaling those at the design point. 4. Load the external and internal heat transfer boundary conditions to the component , and solve the conduction heat transfer at each time step with a commercial CFD code. Using the method above, the transient temperature fields of the first stage segment ring of a gas turbine during a cold state start-load-stop process is calculated. The whole process shows that the transient temperature calculation method is easy to use with the computational cost bearable.
Effect of Free-Stream Turbulence on Endwall Flow of Highly Loaded Turbine Cascades in a Wide Range of Incidence
Authors:   Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing + University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Jiahui Wang , Zhao Yin ,   Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing + University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing + Nanjing Institute of Future Energy System, Hualiang Zhang ,   Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing + University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing + Nanjing Institute of Future Energy System, Yujie Xu ,   Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing + University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Haisheng Chen ,   Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing + University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing + Nanjing Institute of Future Energy System, Huan Guo ,   National Energy Large Scale Physical Energy Storage Technologies R&D Center of Bijie High-tech Industrial Development Zone
Published: October 2022

Comprehensive understanding of the loss mechanism is crucial for maintaining high turbine efficiency over a wide operation range. This paper explores the coupling effect of the inlet free-stream turbulence intensity (FSTI) and incidence on endwall flow of highly loaded turbine cascades. Numerical study is conducted on PackB cascade with different FSTI (0.4% to 10%) over a wide range of incidence (-40° to +20°). Design condition (i = 0°, FSTI = 2.2%) is chosen as the reference for thorough comprehension. The transformation of secondary vortex structure is analyzed in detail. FSTI and incidence have a more significant impact on endwall flow than on midspan flow; these results have not been previously reported. An interesting phenomenon is observed and analyzed that the number of horseshoe vortexes (HV) increases with a decrease in FSTI. Then endwall loss generation in turbine passage is extracted considering the location of secondary flow separation lines. This research provides a theoretical basis for the design of high-efficiency turbines in a wide operating conditions.
THERMODYNAMIC AND THERMO ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF AN ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE IN A SULFURIC ACID WORKSHOP
Authors:   Dalian University of Technology, Wang Hanqiong , Xie Rong ,   Dalian University of Technology, Yang Jinguang ,   Dalian University of Technology, Liu Yan ,   Dalian University of Technology, Zhang Donghua ,   China ENFI Engineering Corporation
Published: October 2022

Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) has huge potential for its ability to effectively using the low-grade waste heat. In this work, standard-ORC and regenerative-ORC are both considered in the thermodynamic and thermo economic analysis of utilizing the low-temperature waste heat from circulating water in the sulfuric acid workshop (SAW) of a smelter. Adopting the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic algorithm (NSGA-II), the best working fluid is selected and five decision variables are optimized automatically. Accordingly, the data and corresponding figures such as Pareto frontiers are output thereafter. Results show that there are 47 working fluids that meet the requirements of critical temperature, among which R21 shows the highest exergy efficiency (EXE). Of all three types of fluids, isentropic fluids’ critical temperature shows the most obvious linear relationship with the EXE, and the dry fluids, especially perfluoropentane, is best suited to increasing the EXE through regenerative-ORC. By using ORC, the mass flow of circulating water (heat source of the cycle) can be significantly reduced, and considerable power generation can be provided.
NUMERIAL SIMULATION OF TURBINE BLADE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL HEAT TRANSFER WITH THE MULTI-LAYER COUPLING METHOD
Authors:   Xi’an Jiaotong University, Sun Ning , Yu Qiu-Nan ,   Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ji Wen-Tao ,   Xi’an Jiaotong University, He Ya-Ling ,   Xi’an Jiaotong University, Tao Wen-Quan ,   Xi’an Jiaotong University
Published: October 2022

For the film cooling of turbine blade, an accurate estimate of the temperature distribution along the turbine blade surface is very important. Many of the existing studies did not consider the solid region or the internal cooling passages, and the boundary conditions for these areas are provided directly. However, the heat transfer of external mainstream flow and internal cooling, solid and fluid are highly coupled. The presence of internal flow will significantly affect the film cooling heat-transfer characteristics downstream. In this study, a multi-layer coupled numerical simulation method for the simulation of internal and external cooling heat transfer is developed. The numerical simulation is divided into two stages. The first stage is the whole domain simulation. Coarse grid is used to determine the flow and heat transfer at the interfaces. In the second stage simulation, the inlet, outlet and cooling passenge are removed. Only the mainstream and solid area are considered. Comparing with the experimental data of C3X blade, it is found that the multi-layer method can reduce the simulation and experimental errors from 6% to 2.5%. The general trend of calculated blade surface temperature and heat transfer coefficient distribution are consistent for the two simulation methods. It proves that the application of the multilayer method can improve the prediction accuracy of numerical simulation with limited computing resources.
Influences of Squealer Tip Geometrical Characteristics on Tip-leakage Flow in Turbine Rotor
Authors:   School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Wang Yufan , Zhang* Weihao ,   School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Zou Zhengping ,   School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Jiang Shoumin ,   AECC Shenyang Engine Research Institute, Na Zhenzhe ,   AECC Shenyang Engine Research Institute, Chen Yun ,   AECC Shenyang Engine Research Institute
Published: October 2022

Tip-leakage loss caused by tip-leakage flow is an important source of aerodynamic loss in turbine rotor. Squealer tips are often used to control the tip-leakge flow and loss. In this paper, a transonic single-stage high-pressure turbine is simulated numerically to investigate the effects of cavity width and height on tip-leakage flow and loss. Based on plenty of cases with various cavity widths and heights, it is found that the optimal value of cavity height is 2.5-3.0 times clearance height and the optimal value of cavity width is affected by cavity height. The decrease of cavity width and the increase of cavity height of cavity have similar effects on the evolution of the scraping vortex. The cavity width controls the tip-leakage loss by suppressing the breakdown of the tip leakage vortex and reducing the corresponding mixing loss. However, the cavity height mainly affects the loss inside the clearance.
Anestésicos tópicos más utilizados en odontopediatría. Revisión de literatura
Authors: Valdiviezo Dioses Geraldine Alexia , Dolores Albites Achata Úrsula María
Published: October 2022

Introducción: El abordaje del dolor durante una cita odontológica es un desafío al que se enfrentan constantemente los odontopediatras, especialmente durante procedimientos que requieren de colocación de anestesia dental local. La aplicación de anestesia tópica sobre mucosa oral puede disminuir la percepción del dolor, mejorando la relación entre el niño y el profesional. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue realizar una revisión de literatura sobre los anestésicos tópicos más utilizados en odontopediatría. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda de información desde junio del 2019 hasta enero del 2020 sobre los anestésicos tópicos utilizados en odontopediatría empleando las plataformas: EBSCO, Scielo, Pubmed, Cochrane y Google Académico, utilizando los términos: dental topical anesthetic, pediatric dentistry, benzocaine topical, lidocaine topical, EMLA, PLO4%. Resultados: La búsqueda bibliográfica inicial arrojó 1733 estudios, se revisó la información obtenida considerando elegibles 19 estudios. Conclusiones: Los anestésicos tópicos más utilizados en odontopediatría fueron la lidocaína y la benzocaína. Las presentaciones más empleadas fueron en crema, gel, spray y parche. Sus principales usos fueron en traumas orales, antes de la colocación de clamp, en extracciones de piezas deciduas móviles y previamente a la infiltración de anestesia local. No se reportó ningún caso de efectos adversos en esta revisión de literatura.