bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The calcium sensor CBL7 is required for Serendipita indica‐induced growth stimulation in Arabidopsis thaliana, controlling defense against the endophyte and K+ homoeostasis in the symbiosis
Authors: Pérez‐Alonso Marta‐Marina , Guerrero‐Galán Carmen , González Ortega‐Villaizán Adrián , Ortiz‐García Paloma , Scholz Sandra S. , Ramos Patricio , Sakakibara Hitoshi , Kiba Takatoshi , Ludwig‐Müller Jutta , Krapp Anne , Oelmüller Ralf , Vicente‐Carbajosa Jesús , Pollmann Stephan
Published: August 2022

Calcium is an important second messenger in plants. The activation of Ca2+ signalling cascades is critical in the activation of adaptive processes in response to environmental stimuli. Root colonization by the growth promoting endophyte Serendipita indica involves the increase of cytosolic Ca2+ levels in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we investigated transcriptional changes in Arabidopsis roots during symbiosis with S. indica. RNA‐seq profiling disclosed the induction of Calcineurin B‐like 7 (CBL7) during early and later phases of the interaction. Consistently, reverse genetic evidence highlighted the functional relevance of CBL7 and tested the involvement of a CBL7‐CBL‐interacting protein kinase 13 signalling pathway. The loss‐of‐function of CBL7 abolished the growth promoting effect and affected root colonization. The transcriptomics analysis of cbl7 revealed the involvement of this Ca2+ sensor in activating plant defense responses. Furthermore, we report on the contribution of CBL7 to potassium transport in Arabidopsis. We analysed K+ contents in wild‐type and cbl7 plants and observed a significant increase of K+ in roots of cbl7 plants, while shoot tissues demonstrated K+ depletion. Taken together, our work associates CBL7 with an important role in the mutual interaction between Arabidopsis and S. indica and links CBL7 to K+ transport.
Neuroendocrine tumor G3 of bronchopulmonary origin and its classification
Authors: Kasajima Atsuko , Klöppel Günter
Published: August 2022

Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) with high proliferative activity (Ki‐67 index >20% and/or mitotic counts >2 mm2) are defined as NET G3 in the 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of digestive system neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). NETs G3 occur mostly in the pancreas, colon, rectum, and stomach and only rarely in the small intestine and the appendix. In the bronchopulmonary system, similar tumors have also been recognized and were mostly classified as atypical carcinoid (AC) or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Bronchopulmonary NENs that were classified as NETs G3 are characterized by histological and immunohistochemical similarities with carcinoids/NETs, and a clinical course that is more aggressive than with ACs and similar to that of neuroendocrine carcinomas. The morphomolecular and clinical features of bronchopulmonary neoplasms with a high proliferative activity were reviewed and a future classification system that is applicable for both digestive and bronchopulmonary NETs is proposed.
Sediment density flow distribution on wave‐influenced deltas
Authors: Normandeau Alexandre , Eamer Jordan B. R. , Bernatchez Pascal , Didier David , Lajeunesse Patrick , Limoges Audrey , Montero‐Serrano Jean‐Carlos
Published: August 2022

Deltas are at the transition between fluvial and marine sedimentary environments where sediment density flows are often triggered during high river discharge events, forming submarine channels and sediment waves. On wave‐influenced deltas, longshore currents are particularly efficient at transporting sediment alongshore, reducing the likelihood of sediment density flows from occurring at river mouths. This study describes four deltaic sedimentary systems at different stages of their evolution on a formerly glaciated continental inner shelf of eastern Canada in order to better understand the distribution of sediment density flows on wave‐influenced deltas. Three types of settings are recognized as being prone to sediment density flows: (i) in the early stages of wave‐influence and on large deltas, converging longshore currents can lead to offshelf sediment transport; (ii) on wave‐influenced to wave‐dominated deltas, a sandy spit can re‐route the river mouth and sediment density flows form where the spit intersects the delta lip; (iii) in advanced stages of wave‐dominated deltas and during their demise, rocky headlands are exposed and can intersect the slope, where off‐shelf sediment transport occurs. These types of sediment density flows were all characterized by debris flows or surge‐type turbidity currents which have limited offshore run‐out. More rarely, hyperpycnal flows form at the river mouths, especially where the river incises glaciomarine clays prone to landsliding in the river, which increases fine‐grained fluvial suspended sediment concentration. Overall, these results highlight the predominance of fluvial‐dominated deltas during a phase of relative sea‐level fall combined with high sediment supply. However, as soon as sediment supply diminishes, wave action remobilizes sediment alongshore modifying the distribution and types of sediment density flows occurring on wave‐influenced deltas.
Dynamics of axonal β‐actin mRNA in live hippocampal neurons
Authors: Lee Byung Hun , Bang Seokyoung , Lee Seung‐Ryeol , Jeon Noo Li , Park Hye Yoon
Published: August 2022

Localization of mRNA facilitates spatiotemporally controlled protein expression in neurons. In axons, mRNA transport followed by local protein synthesis plays a critical role in axonal growth and guidance. However, it is not yet clearly understood how mRNA is transported to axonal subcellular sites and what regulates axonal mRNA localization. Using a transgenic mouse model in which endogenous β‐actin mRNA is fluorescently labeled, we investigated β‐actin mRNA movement in axons of hippocampal neurons. We cultured neurons in microfluidic devices to separate axons from dendrites and performed single‐particle tracking of axonal β‐actin mRNA. Compared with dendritic β‐actin mRNA, axonal β‐actin mRNA showed less directed motion and exhibited mostly subdiffusive motion, especially near filopodia and boutons in mature dissociated hippocampal neurons. We found that axonal β‐actin mRNA was likely to colocalize with actin patches (APs), regions that have a high density of filamentous actin (F‐actin) and are known to have a role in branch initiation. Moreover, simultaneous imaging of F‐actin and axonal β‐actin mRNA in live neurons revealed that moving β‐actin mRNA tended to be docked in the APs. Our findings reveal that axonal β‐actin mRNA localization is facilitated by actin networks and suggest that localized β‐actin mRNA plays a potential role in axon branch formation.
Anarchy of the Body
Authors: KuroDalaiJee
Published: August 2022

In Anarchy of the Body, art historian KuroDalaiJee (a.k.a. Kuroda Raiji) sheds light on vital pieces of postwar Japanese avant-garde history by contextualizing the social, cultural, and political trajectories of artists across Japan in the 1960s. A culmination of years of research, Anarchy of the Body draws on an extensive breadth of source material to reveal how the practice of performance by individual artists and art groups during this period formed a legacy of resistance against institutionalization, both within the art world and more broadly in Japanese society. This book contains 256 high-quality reproductions, including rare performance photographs not readily accessible elsewhere, as well as a comprehensive chronology. KuroDalaiJee was awarded the 2010 Ministry of Education Award for Fine Arts (criticism category) for his work on this volume.
frontera no es como la pintan
Authors: Medina Carrillo Adriana Marcela
Published: August 2022

Este artículo reflexiona sobre la frontera entre México y Estados Unidos y la necesidad de repensar las migraciones en tránsito que allí suceden. La coyuntura en esta frontera ha ido cambiando desde el año 2018. Ese año se dieron las primeras caravanas migrantes con miles de personas desplazándose masivamente desde Centroamérica hacia los Estados Unidos. Posteriormente, esta coyuntura se vio impactada por la declaratoria de pandemia mundial por COVID-19 y desde inicios del año 2021 por el cambio en la presidencia de los Estados Unidos. Estos hechos se tradujeron en nuevas medidas de contención gubernamental y un activismo social por parte de diferentes organizaciones sociales. Con base en una metodología cualitativa, apoyada en los estudios en migraciones forzadas from below y los estudios críticos de seguridad, el texto advierte sobre la tensión entre dos puntos de vista: la perspectiva de la securitización y, en contraste, la perspectiva de la movilización social, demostrando que para avanzar en una comprensión más incluyente de las migraciones en tránsito en esta frontera, es necesario asumir enfoques que incidan en las posibilidades de participación y de agencia de la población migrante en tránsito, como condiciones necesarias para garantizar sus derechos humanos.
Bacterial communities in sediments of an urban wetland in Bogota, Colombia
Authors: Castro González Maribeb , Pacheco Montealegre Mauricio Edilberto , Restrepo Benavides Mariana
Published: August 2022

Urban wetlands are biodiversity reservoirs sustained by microbe-mediated processes. In tropical zones, wetland microbial dynamics remain poorly understood. Chemical parameters, heavy metal content, and microbiological community structure were investigated in surface sediments of the Santa Maria del Lago (SML) wetland in Bogota, Colombia. High-throughput sequencing was employed to generate RNAr 16S and nosZ gene sequence data with which bacteria, archaea, and nosZ-type denitrifier community composition and their phylogenetic relationships were investigated. A canonical correspondence analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between assessed environmental variables and microbial community composition. Results showed that the most abundant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria (group GP18), and Aminicenantes; Archaea were represented by the taxa Methanomicrobia and Thermoprotei, and the nosZ community was dominated by Candidatus Competibacter denitrificans. A phylogenetic analysis revealed a high diversity of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), according to 16S rRNA gene sequence data; however, the quantity and diversity of OTUs from the nosZ community were low compared to previous studies. High concentrations of ammonium, phosphorus, organic carbon, Pb, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Cd, were detected in sediments, but they were not strongly related to observed microbial community compositions. In conclusion, in the same polluted SML wetland sediments diverse bacteria and archaea communities were detected, although not nosZ-type denitrifiers.
Control strategies in the spatial population dynamics of Aedes aegypti vector using sterile mosquitoes and insecticides
Authors: Ramírez-Bernate Carmen Alicia , Martínez-Romero Héctor Jairo , Erazo-Borja Diana Marcela
Published: August 2022

In this work, we analyze the population dynamics of the Aedes aegypti mosquito, a transmitter of various viruses such as dengue, zika, and chikungunya, in a given area, based on the use of various control techniques. To do this, we use a reaction-diffusion model that considers various environmental characteristics such as temperature and landscape shape. Initially, we do this analysis using larvicides, insecticides, and the SIT (sterile insect release) technique separately. We simulate different control scenarios using appropriate numerical methods, test combinations of these techniques, and determine the efficiency of each strategy according to the overall reduction in the number of fertilized females due to the applied technique. Subsequently, through a cost-effectiveness analysis, we verified that the release of sterile mosquitoes at the beginning of each seasonal period is the best strategy to control the population of Aedes aegypti.
N-acetilcisteína, inmunidad y perspectivas en covid-19: una revisión narrativa de la literatura
Authors: Yucuma Daniela , Rosselli Diego
Published: August 2022

Introducción: La N-acetilcisteína (NAC) es uno de los medicamentos que se ha propuesto en el manejo de pacientes con covid-19. Este fármaco cuenta con más de cincuenta años de uso en profilaxis y terapia de varias condiciones clínicas. Objetivo: Revisar la literatura que recoja la evidencia disponible sobre el uso de NAC como adyuvante en inmunización y tratamiento de covid-19, así como sobre su uso en infecciones causadas por otros virus ARN. Métodos: Se revisó Medline y la base de datos de estudios clínicos Clinical Tril con los términos clave n-acetyl cysteine, covid-19 y vaccination. Se examinaron las referencias de los artículos incluidos para obtener evidencia adicional relevante. Resultados: Se encontraron 151 referencias, de las cuales fueron incluidas 42. Estas incluyeron evidencia sobre los planteamientos teóricos, resultados de estudios clínicos y experimentación básica que describen la utilización de NAC en tratamiento, prevención de covid-19, así como sobre los mecanismos de acción, uso, eficacia y seguridad en esta y otras infecciones causadas por virus ARN. Conclusiones: La administración de NAC podría mejorar ciertos desenlaces clínicos en covid-19. Se requieren ensayos clínicos adicionales que investiguen su efectividad en pacientes con covid-19 o durante la vacunación.
The Effects of Blackcurrant and Caffeine Combinations on Performance and Physiology During Repeated High-Intensity Cycling
Authors: Paton Carl D. , Morton Lillian C. , Bomal Benoit , Braakhuis Andrea J.
Published: August 2022

Blackcurrant juices and extracts containing anthocyanin may provide ergogenic benefits to sports performance. However, there are no studies examining the effects of coingestion of blackcurrant and caffeine. This investigation examined the effects of acute supplementation with a proprietary blackcurrant beverage administered in isolation or in combination with caffeine on repeated high-intensity cycling. Twelve well-trained male cyclists (mean ± SD: age, 39.5 ± 11.4 years; height, 177.9 ± 5.7 cm; weight, 78.2 ± 8.9 kg; and peak oxygen consumption, 4.71 ± 0.61 L/min) completed experimental sessions consisting of repeated (8 × 5 min) maximal intensity efforts. Four experimental treatments were administered in a double-blind, balanced Latin square design: blackcurrant + caffeine, blackcurrant + placebo, caffeine + placebo and placebo + placebo. Differences in power output, heart rate, oxygen consumption, muscle oxygen saturation, rate of perceived exertion, and cognitive function (Stroop) were compared between treatments using two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and effect size analysis. There were no significant differences (p > .05) in either physiological or cognitive variables with any supplement treatment (blackcurrant + caffeine, blackcurrant + placebo, and caffeine + placebo) relative to placebo + placebo. Moreover, any observed differences were deemed trivial (d < 0.2) in magnitude. However, power output was lower (p < .05) in blackcurrant + placebo compared with blackcurrant + caffeine. A blackcurrant extract beverage administered in isolation or combination with caffeine provided no beneficial effect on cycling performance or physiological measures relative to a placebo control.
Partitioning of ribonucleoprotein complexes from the cellular actin cortex
Authors: Angert Isaac , Karuka Siddarth Reddy , Mansky Louis M. , Mueller Joachim D.
Published: August 2022

The cell cortex plays a crucial role in cell mechanics, signaling, and development. However, little is known about the influence of the cortical meshwork on the spatial distribution of cytoplasmic biomolecules. Here, we describe a fluorescence microscopy method with the capacity to infer the intracellular distribution of labeled biomolecules with subresolution accuracy. Unexpectedly, we find that RNA binding proteins are partially excluded from the cytoplasmic volume adjacent to the plasma membrane that corresponds to the actin cortex. Complementary diffusion measurements of RNA-protein complexes suggest that a rudimentary model based on excluded volume interactions can explain this partitioning effect. Our results suggest the actin cortex meshwork may play a role in regulating the biomolecular content of the volume immediately adjacent to the plasma membrane.
RB1 loss triggers dependence on ESRRG in retinoblastoma
Authors: Field Matthew G. , Kuznetsoff Jeffim N. , Zhang Michelle G. , Dollar James J. , Durante Michael A. , Sayegh Yoseph , Decatur Christina L. , Kurtenbach Stefan , Pelaez Daniel , Harbour J. William
Published: August 2022

Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a deadly childhood eye cancer that is classically initiated by inactivation of the RB1 tumor suppressor. Clinical management continues to rely on nonspecific chemotherapeutic agents that are associated with treatment resistance and toxicity. Here, we analyzed 103 whole exomes, 20 whole transcriptomes, 5 single-cell transcriptomes, and 4 whole genomes from primary Rb tumors to identify previously unknown Rb dependencies. Several recurrent genomic aberrations implicate estrogen-related receptor gamma (ESRRG) in Rb pathogenesis. RB1 directly interacts with and inhibits ESRRG, and RB1 loss uncouples ESRRG from negative regulation. ESRRG regulates genes involved in retinogenesis and oxygen metabolism in Rb cells. ESRRG is preferentially expressed in hypoxic Rb cells in vivo. Depletion or inhibition of ESRRG causes marked Rb cell death, which is exacerbated in hypoxia. These findings reveal a previously unidentified dependency of Rb cells on ESRRG, and they implicate ESRRG as a potential therapeutic vulnerability in Rb.
Flexoelectric engineering of van der Waals ferroelectric CuInP
2
S
6
Authors: Ming Wenjie , Huang Boyuan , Zheng Sizheng , Bai Yinxin , Wang Junling , Wang Jie , Li Jiangyu
Published: August 2022

Van der Waals layered CuInP
2
S
6
(CIPS) is an ideal candidate for developing two-dimensional microelectronic heterostructures because of its room temperature ferroelectricity, although field-driven polarization reversal of CIPS is intimately coupled with ionic migration, often causing erratic and damaging switching that is highly undesirable for device applications. In this work, we develop an alternative switching mechanism for CIPS using flexoelectric effect, abandoning external electric fields altogether, and the method is motivated by strong correlation between polarization and topography variation of CIPS. Phase-field simulation identifies a critical radius of curvature around 5 μm for strain gradient to be effective, which is realized by engineered topographic surfaces using silver nanowires and optic grating upon which CIPS is transferred to. We also demonstrate mechanical modulation of CIPS on demand via strain gradient underneath a scanning probe, making it possible to engineer multiple polarization states of CIPS for device applications.
Proteomic Investigation of the Antibacterial Mechanism of Cefiderocol against Escherichia coli
Authors: Du Gao-Fei , Dong Yu , Fan Xiaolu , Yin Ankang , Le Yao-Jin , Yang Xiao-Yan
Published: August 2022

CFDC was the first FDA-approved siderophore cephalosporin antibiotic in 2019 and is known for its Trojan horse tactics and broad antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. However, its antibacterial mechanism is not fully understood, and whether it has an impact on
in vivo
iron ion homeostasis remains unknown.
Immune Response to Conjugates of Fragments of the Type K9 Capsular Polysaccharide of Acinetobacter baumannii with Carrier Proteins
Authors: Rudenko Natalia , Karatovskaya Anna , Zamyatina Anna , Shepelyakovskaya Anna , Semushina Svetlana , Brovko Fedor , Shpirt Anna , Torgov Vladimir , Kolotyrkina Natalia , Zinin Alexandr , Kasimova Anastasiya , Perepelov Andrei , Shneider Mikhail , Knirel Yuriy
Published: August 2022

Immunization by glycoconjugates withA. baumanniitype K9 CPS fragments induced a high level of antibodies (predominantly IgG) in sera, which reacted specifically with the CPS ofA. baumanniitype K9, as well as a long immunological memory. The sera of immunized animals efficiently opsonizedA. baumanniitype K9.
Cow’s milk protein allergy in a neonate presenting with methaemoglobinaemia
Authors: Kurian Simi , Panigrahy Nalinikanta , Jamalpuri Vijayanand , Chirla Dinesh
Published: August 2022

Cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most common food allergy in infants. A previously healthy neonate fed with infant formula presented diarrhoea, vomiting and respiratory distress with cyanosis. Investigations showed thrombocytosis and leucocytosis with lymphocyte predominance. To our surprise blood gas analysis showed metabolic acidosis and a high methaemoglobin level of 33% (normal range <3%). Clinical status, metabolic acidosis and methaemoglobin level returned to normal following fluid resuscitation and methylene blue administration. The neonate was later managed with breast feeding and elemental formula. CMPA was diagnosed based on history and clinical improvement after elemental formula. Although not common in CMPA, methaemoglobinaemia should be recognised as a differential diagnosis in a hypoxic infant with metabolic acidosis and diarrhoea as early recognition and treatment with methylene blue can save a child’s life.
Indwelling pleural catheter for malignant pleural effusion with persistent air leak
Authors: Ng Boon Hau , Ban Andrea Yu-Lin , Low Hsueh Jing , Faisal Mohamed
Published: August 2022

Malignant pleural effusion with persistent air leak (PAL) is a rare manifestation of lung malignancy. We present a woman in her 50s with postpleuroscopy PAL. Pleural biopsy confirmed adenocarcinoma with detection of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation in exon 19. An indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) was inserted and connected to an Atrium Express Mini ambulatory drain. This procedure reduced the length of hospital stay. Autopleurodesis with resolution of PAL occurred at week 3 of IPC insertion.
First report of bilateral synchronous male accessory breast cancer
Authors: Lerttiendamrong Bhoowit , Vongsaisuwon Mawin
Published: August 2022

Accessory breast occurs due to the persistence of milk line in the non-thoracic region. Malignant transformation in male accessory breast is very rare, with 16 reports documented across the world. No bilateral synchronous accessory male breast cancer has been reported. We present the first case reported globally of a man in his 70s with a complaint of left axillary lump and chronic rash for 3 years. About 1 year ago, additional reddish rash was detected in the right axilla. Initial skin biopsy from a private hospital confirmed mammary carcinoma with skin invasion. Subsequent left breast mastectomy with left axillary lymph node dissection and right wide excision was performed. Final pathological result was grade 2 invasive ductal carcinoma in the left accessory breast and Paget’s disease in the contralateral axilla. Postoperative treatment of adjuvant paclitaxel and trastuzumab was prescribed, which was followed by adjuvant radiation therapy.
Regulatory reliance for convergence and harmonisation in the medical device space in Asia-Pacific
Authors: Xu Ming , Zhang Li , Feng Xiangning , Zhang Zhenyu , Huang Yangmu
Published: August 2022

While some sort of regulatory convergence and harmonisation are often needed for achieving regulatory reliance, in reality, regulatory reliance as a strategy towards convergence and harmonisation has never been more significant in Asia-Pacific (APAC). A sustained, rapid and large-scale provision of medical devices, including articles and apparatus used in diagnosis, care, treatment or prevention of disease and softwares, etc, across national boundaries, is the key to winning the fight against future pandemics and improving people’s well-being in such a populous and geographically diverse region. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the value of regulatory reliance to enable easier access to medical devices that have gone through regulatory approvals in countries with mature regulatory systems based on the Quality Management System and product assessment guidelines of the International Medical Device Regulators Forum. This analysis focuses on why regulatory reliance is needed, how much has been achieved, its impact on the development of the medical device industry and challenges to be addressed in the region. By drawing on the experience from the Singapore Health Sciences Authority–Thai Food and Drug Administration regulatory reliance pilot and Vietnam’s inclusion of Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and China National Medical Products Administration as reference markets for fast review/approval, it aims to explore next viable steps and future trend of the APAC regional regulatory harmonisation mechanism through regulatory reliance in the post-COVID-19 era.
Prescribing safe supply: ethical considerations for clinicians
Authors: Duthie Katherine , Mathison Eric , Eyford Helgi , Ghosh S Monty
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the drug poisoning epidemic in a number of ways: individuals use alone more often, there is decreased access to harm reduction services and there has been an increase in the toxicity of the unregulated drug supply. In response to the crisis, clinicians, policy makers and people who use drugs have been seeking ways to prevent the worst harms of unregulated opioid use. One prominent idea is safe supply. One form of safe supply enlists clinicians to prescribe opioids so that people have access to drugs of known composition and strength. In this paper, we assess the ethical case for clinicians providing this service. As we describe, there is much that is unknown about safe supply. However, given the seriousness of the overdose death epidemic and the current limited evidence for safe supply’s efficacy, we argue that it is ethically permissible for clinicians to begin prescribing opioids for some select patients.
Temporal trends and rural–urban disparities in cerebrovascular risk factors, in-hospital management and outcomes in ischaemic strokes in China from 2005 to 2015: a nationwide serial cross-sectional survey
Authors: Wang Chun-Juan , Gu Hong-Qiu , Zhang Xin-Miao , Jiang Yong , Li Hao , Bettger Janet Prvu , Meng Xia , Dong Ke-Hui , Wangqin Run-Qi , Yang Xin , Wang Meng , Liu Chelsea , Liu Li-Ping , Tang Bei-Sha , Li Guo-Zhong , Xu Yu-Ming , He Zhi-Yi , Yang Yi , Yip Winnie , Fonarow Gregg C , Schwamm Lee H , Xian Ying , Zhao Xing-Quan , Wang Yi-Long , Wang Yongjun , Li Zixiao
Published: August 2022

Background

Stroke is the leading cause of mortality in China, with limited evidence of in-hospital burden obtained from nationwide surveys. We aimed to monitor and track the temporal trends and rural–urban disparities in cerebrovascular risk factors, management and outcomes from 2005 to 2015.

Methods

We used a two-stage random sampling survey to create a nationally representative sample of patients admitted for ischaemic stroke in 2005, 2010 and 2015. We sampled participating hospitals with an economic-geographical region-stratified random-sampling approach first and then obtained patients with a systematic sampling approach. We weighed our survey data to estimate the national-level results and assess changes from 2005 to 2015.

Results

We analysed 28 277 ischaemic stroke admissions from 189 participating hospitals. From 2005 to 2015, the estimated national hospital admission rate for ischaemic stroke per 100 000 people increased (from 75.9 to 402.7, Ptrend<0.001), and the prevalence of risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and current smoking, increased. The composite score of diagnostic tests for stroke aetiology assessment (from 0.22 to 0.36, Ptrend<0.001) and secondary prevention treatments (from 0.46 to 0.70, Ptrend<0.001) were improved. A temporal decrease was found in discharge against medical advice (DAMA) (from 15.2% (95% CI 13.7% to 16.7%) to 8.6% (8.1% to 9.0%); adjusted Ptrend=0.046), and decreases in in-hospital mortality (0.7% in 2015 vs 1.8% in 2005; adjusted OR (aOR) 0.52; 95% CI 0.32 to 0.85) and the composite outcome of in-hospital mortality or DAMA (8.4% in 2015 vs 13.9% in 2005; aOR 0.65; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.89) were observed. Disparities between rural and urban hospitals narrowed; however, disparities persisted in in-hospital management (brain MRI: rural–urban difference from −14.4% to −11.2%; cerebrovascular assessment: from −20.3% to −16.7%; clopidogrel: from −2.1% to −10.3%; anticoagulant for atrial fibrillation: from −10.9% to −8.2%) and in-hospital outcomes (DAMA: from 2.7% to 5.0%; composite outcome of in-hospital mortality or DAMA: from 2.4% to 4.6%).

Conclusions

From 2005 to 2015, improvements in hospital admission and in-hospital management for ischaemic stroke in China were found. A temporal improvement in DAMA and improvements in in-hospital mortality and the composite outcome of in-hospital mortality or DAMA were observed. Disparities between rural and urban hospitals generally narrowed but persisted.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide attenuates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury via activation of PARP1, Sirt1, and Nrf2 in mice
Authors: Liao Cuiting , Zhang Li , Jiang Rong , Hu Da , Xu Juanjuan , Hu Kai , Jiang Shifang , Li Longhui , Yang Yongqiang , Huang Jiayi , Tang Li , Li Longjiang
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) against acute liver injury (ALI) induced by acetaminophen (APAP) overdose in mice. First, serum transaminases were used to assess the protective effect of NAD+, and the data revealed that NAD+ mitigated the APAP-induced ALI in a dose-dependent manner. Then, we performed hematoxylin–eosin staining of liver tissues and found that NAD+ alleviated the abnormalities of histopathology. Meanwhile, increase in the malondialdehyde content and decrease in glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase were identified in the APAP group, which were partially prevented by the NAD+ pretreatment. Moreover, compared with the mice treated with APAP only, the expression of poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1), Sirtuin1 (Sirt1), SOD2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and hemoxygenase-1 was upregulated, while Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 and histone H2AX phosphorylated on Ser-139 were downregulated by NAD+ in NAD+ + APAP group. Conversely, NAD+ could not correct the elevated expression of phospho-Jun N-terminal kinase and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase induced by APAP. Taken together, these findings suggest that NAD+ confers an anti-ALI effect to enhance the expression of PARP1 and Sirt1, and to simultaneously stimulate the Nrf2 anti-oxidant signaling pathway.
Compositeness of S-wave weakly-bound states from next-to-leading order Weinberg’s relations
Authors: Albaladejo M. , Nieves J.
Published: August 2022

We discuss a model-independent estimator of the likelihood of the compositeness of a shallow S-wave bound or virtual state. The approach is based on an extension of Weinberg’s relations in Weinberg (Phys Rev 137:B672, 1965) and it relies only on the proximity of the energy of the state to the two-hadron threshold to which it significantly couples. The scheme only makes use of the experimental scattering length and the effective range low energy parameters, and it is shown to be fully consistent for predominantly molecular hadrons. As explicit applications, we analyse the case of the deuteron, the $$^1\mathrm{S}_0$$

1

S
0

nucleon-nucleon virtual state and the exotic $$D^{*}_{s0}(2317)^\pm $$

D

s
0

∗

(
2317
)

±

, and find strong support to the molecular interpretation in all cases. Results are less conclusive for the $$D^{*}_{s0}(2317)^\pm $$

D

s
0

∗

(
2317
)

±

, since the binding energy of this state would be significantly higher than that of the deuteron, and the approach employed here is at the limit of its applicability. We also qualitatively address the case of the recently discovered $$T_{cc}^+$$

T

cc

+

state, within the isospin limit to avoid the complexity of the very close thresholds $$D^0D^{*+}$$

D
0

D

∗
+

and $$D^+D^{*0}$$

D
+

D

∗
0

, which could mask the ingredients of the approach proposed in this work.
Motion of a neutrally buoyant elliptical particle in a double-lid-driven square cavity
Authors: Sun Gang , Zhang Jianghong , Hu Junjie , Zhang Minxun , Pan Hui , Ye Xiangping
Published: August 2022

Understanding, predicting and controlling the motion of the solid particles became active research topics, like debris flows, sand storms, transport of volcanic ash, coal combustion, drug delivery and steel making. Thus, the motion of a neutrally buoyant elliptical particle in a double-lid-driven square cavity is studied with the lattice Boltzmann method, where the effects of the initial position, Reynolds number and aspect ratio are studied. The square cavity is divided into two parts by the two primary vortexes, and the motion of the elliptical particle is determined by the interaction of the two primary vortexes. The limit cycle is sensitive to the initial position of the elliptical particle, namely, placing the elliptical particle at different positions initially, the motion of the elliptical particle exhibits different modes. Especially, the elliptical particle is apt to cross the horizontal centerline of the square cavity at moderate Reynolds numbers. The effect of the Reynolds number on the motion of the elliptical particle is significant, with the increase of the Reynolds number, the effects of the two primary vortexes on the motion of the elliptical particle are different, which affects the trajectory of the elliptical particle fundamentally. With the increase of the aspect ratio, the elliptical particle becomes flatter, the hydrodynamic force and torque acting on the elliptical particle become unbalanced and the elliptical particle no longer moves along the 8-like limit cycle.
Scaling analysis of price by multi-scale Shannon entropy
Authors: Osoolian Mohammad , Fadaeinejad Mohammad Esmaeeil , Bagheri Mobina , Ardalankia Jamshid
Published: August 2022

Multi-scale behaviors emerge in financial markets as complex systems. In this study, we intended to employ multi-scale Shannon entropy to trace the information transition of these phenomena, at different levels of Tehran stock market index (TEDPIX). The obtained results show that, in various magnitude scales and time scales, entropy Granger-causes TEDPIX index in terms of linear and nonlinear aspects. The results revealed that Granger causalities exist between entropy and TEDPIX. The causalities were linear in monthly (noise), quarterly (noise), semi-yearly (noise) and yearly (useful information) time spans; on the other hand, in quarterly (useful information) time span, the causalities were nonlinear. In this regard, one can conclude that entropy would be able to predict the market’s behavior.
Bifurcation analysis for Kühne’s density gradient traffic flow model
Authors: Ai WenHuan , Duan WenShan , Liu DaWei , Shi ZhongKe
Published: August 2022

The essence of traffic congestion is a kind of bifurcation behavior incurred by the loss of stability in the traffic flow from the perspective of system stability. Therefore, researching the bifurcation characteristics of traffic flow can provide some new methods for relieving the traffic congestion. In this paper, we study the bifurcation dynamic behavior and the bifurcation conditions of traffic flow based on Kühne’s continuum traffic flow model. We discussed the types and stabilities of the equilibrium solutions and proved the existence conditions of some bifurcation of the model. Then various bifurcations of the system are found by numerical simulation and the stability catastrophic behaviors initiated by some bifurcation in traffic flow are investigated. Combined with the measured data, we study the actual traffic flow bifurcation phenomena and analyze the internal reasons for the stability catastrophic behavior of traffic flow passed by the bifurcation point. The nonlinear characteristics and formation mechanism of traffic flow phenomena are revealed from a new perspective. It may help to design the corresponding control schemes for preventing and alleviating traffic congestion.
An Implementable Augmented Lagrangian Method for Solving Second-Order Cone Constrained Variational Inequalities
Authors: Sun Yining , Wang Li , Sun Juhe , Wang Bin , Yuan Yanhong
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we construct an implementable augmented Lagrangian method to solve second-order cone constrained variational inequalities (SOCCVI) problem. By considering a special optimization problem that has the same solution as the SOCCVI problem, we obtain different equivalent transformation forms of the SOCCVI problem. Using the equivalent transformation forms and the properties of the projection operators, the augmented Lagrangian method can be established and its global convergence is proved. The inexact Newton method is used to solve the inner problems which arise from the augmented Lagrangian method for solving the numerical examples. Numerical results for three examples are reported to verify the effectiveness of the augmented Lagrangian method for obtaining approximate solutions.
Holographic reconstruction of asymptotically flat spacetimes
Authors: Tjoa Erickson , Gray Finnian
Published: August 2022

Here, we present a “holographic” reconstruction of bulk spacetime geometry using correlation functions of a massless field living at the “future boundary” of the spacetime, namely future null infinity [Formula: see text]. It is holographic in the sense that there exists a one-to-one correspondence between correlation functions of a massless field in four-dimensional spacetime [Formula: see text] and those of another massless field living in three-dimensional null boundary [Formula: see text]. The idea is to first reconstruct the bulk metric [Formula: see text] by “inverting” the bulk correlation functions and re-express the latter in terms of boundary correlators via the correspondence. This effectively allows asymptotic observers close to [Formula: see text] to reconstruct the deep interior of the spacetime using only correlation functions localized near [Formula: see text].
Dimension of tensor network varieties
Authors: Bernardi Alessandra , De Lazzari Claudia , Gesmundo Fulvio
Published: August 2022

The tensor network variety is a variety of tensors associated to a graph and a set of positive integer weights on its edges, called bond dimensions. We determine an upper bound on the dimension of the tensor network variety. A refined upper bound is given in cases relevant for applications such as varieties of matrix product states and projected entangled pairs states. We provide a range (the “supercritical range”) of the parameters where the upper bound is sharp.
A Novel Method for Damage Identification Based on Tuning-Free Strategy and Simple Population Metropolis–Hastings Algorithm
Authors: Luo Jin , Huang Minshui , Xiang Chunyan , Lei Yongzhi
Published: August 2022

The most commonly used method for sampling damage parameters from the posterior distribution is the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. The population MCMC method as one of the MCMC methods has been utilized for damage identification by some researchers recently. Nevertheless, for the conventional population MCMC methods, these sampling methods often require significant computational resources and tuning of a large number of algorithm parameters. Aiming at the problem of difficulty in selecting the proposal distribution and low computational efficiency in the conventional MCMC method, this paper proposed a simple population Metropolis–Hastings (SP-MH) algorithm for the damage identification, which is realized by exchanging information among chains in a relatively small population and using tuning-free strategy. Then, a numerical cantilever beam and an experimental frame are utilized to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm, it can be seen that the convergence rate of the SP-MH algorithm is faster than that of the Differential Evolution Monte Carlo (DE-MC) algorithm, and in a small population state, the SP-MH algorithm can still maintain convergence, saving plenty of computing time for damage identification. The results show that the SP-MH algorithm is feasible and accurate in practice damage identification, and the SP-MH algorithm performs better than the DE-MC algorithm. Compared with the DE-MC algorithm, the SP-MH algorithm is simple and convenient for damage identification due to its tuning-free strategy and relatively small population.
A Modified Concentrated Spring Model of Arbitrary Free-Standing Rigid Blocks on Flexible Foundation with a Slope
Authors: Li Fang-Fang , Zhang Zhuang-Zhuang , Zhou Ya-Dong , Lv Yang
Published: August 2022

Due to different settlements of the base, failure of the foundation, etc., the rigid blocks may experience free-standing rocking on a flexible foundation with a slope under excitation. However, the rigid blocks free-standing on a foundation with a slope were not taken into account. A modified concentrated spring model is proposed to simulate the rocking of the asymmetric rigid blocks free-standing on a flexible foundation with a slope in this study. The rocking response of the free-standing rigid block on a flexible foundation with a slope under free vibration, one-sine pulse excitation, and earthquake motions is investigated. It reveals that the rocking response of a rigid block can be influenced by the slope of the flexible foundation and the slenderness of the block. The energy dissipated from the asymmetric block rocking is larger than the energy dissipated from the symmetric block.
On Aα-spectrum of joined union of graphs and its applications to power graphs of finite groups
Authors: Rather Bilal Ahmad , Ganie Hilal A. , Pirzada S.
Published: August 2022

For a simple graph [Formula: see text], the generalized adjacency matrix [Formula: see text] is defined as [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the adjacency matrix and [Formula: see text] is the diagonal matrix of vertex degrees of [Formula: see text]. This matrix generalizes the spectral theories of the adjacency matrix and the signless Laplacian matrix of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we find the [Formula: see text]-spectrum of the joined union of graphs in terms of the spectrum of the adjacency matrices of its components and the zeros of the characteristic polynomials of an auxiliary matrix determined by the joined union. We determine the [Formula: see text]-spectrum of join of two regular graphs, the join of a regular graph with the union of two regular graphs of distinct degrees. As applications, we investigate the [Formula: see text]-spectrum of certain power graphs of finite groups.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THERMO-SOLUTAL TRANSPORT IN PULSATING FLOW IN THE HYDROCEPHALUS
Authors: BALASUNDARAM HEMALATHA , SATHIAMOORTHY SENTHAMILSELVI , BÉG O. ANWAR
Published: August 2022

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a symmetric flow transport that surrounds brain and central nervous system (CNS). Hydrocephalus is an asymmetric and unusual cerebrospinal fluid flow in the lateral ventricular portions. This dumping impact enhances the elasticity over the ventricle wall. Henceforth, compression change influences the force of brain tissues. Mathematical models of transport in the hydrocephalus, which constitutes an excess of fluid in the cavities deep within the brain, enable a better perspective of how this condition contributes to disturbances of the CSF flow in the hollow places of the brain. Recent approaches to brain phase spaces reinforce the foremost role of symmetries and energy requirements in the assessment of nervous activity. Thermophysical and mass transfer effects are therefore addressed in this paper to quantify the transport phenomena in pulsatile hydrocephalus CSF transport with oscillating pressure variations that characterize general neurological activity and transitions from one functional state to another. A new mathematical model is developed which includes porous media drag for brain tissue and solutal diffusion (concentration) effects. A classical Laplace transform method is deployed to solve the dimensionless model derived with appropriate boundary conditions. The analysis reveals that with increasing permeability of the subarachnoid space, the CSF velocity is increased, and a significant fluid flux enhancement arises through the brain parenchyma as the pressure of the fluid escalates drastically due to hydrocephalus disorder. Stronger thermal buoyancy (Grashof number) also results in deceleration in the flow. CSF temperature is reduced with progression in time. Particle (e.g. ion) concentration is suppressed with increasing Schmidt number. As heat conduction parameter increases, there is a substantial depletion in CSF velocity with respect to time. Increasing Womersley parameter displaces the CSF velocity peaks and troughs. The present effects are beneficial in determining the thermo-fluidic transport mechanism of the pathological disorder hydrocephalus. Also, the present results are compared with those clinical studies for some cases. We have confirmed that our validity provides a decent justification with the neurological studies.
The Influence of Rheology and Design of Modeling Rolls On the Flow and Specific Gravity During Dough Rolling and Injection
Authors: Stadnyk Ihor , Piddubnyi Volodymyr , Mykhailyshyn Roman , Petrychenko Ievgenii , Fedoriv Viktor , Kaspruk Volodymyr
Published: August 2022

The assessment of the viscous medium flow’s transformations under the influence of a component of the technological process and equipment during the redistribution of the formed local injection zones constantly requires the search for areas of improvement in both the process and the machine with rollers. Forecasting of structural and technological parameters, considering possible overloads at the change of rheology and flow of the medium, are based on research, analytical models, and computer simulations. The analysis of the action of working bodies at various loadings on the environment is carried out and the possible flow between rotating rolls with changes of structural and mechanical properties in processes of formation of a product is considered. The interaction of constructive factors with technological ones under the conditions of observance of all operating modes of the machine during its operation is established. The optimization of the parameters of this class of machines with the choice of analytical methods under the conditions of the necessary models and their development, taking into account a number of factors influencing the processes of unloading, injection, transportation of viscous media, is discussed. This is based on the result of the processes of transfer of a large enough volume with a directed flow and the pulsating motions of different scales of variables applied to it, both in time and space mathematical modeling of the influence of rheology and design parameters of forming rolls on the flow in the gap between rotating rolls and determination of useful specific power when rolling and forcing the dough. The proposed techniques allow establishing the quality of rolling the mass of the medium to the appropriate thickness when injecting roller working bodies and determining the speed and pressure formed, which depends on its physicochemical properties, the shape and location of the rolls.