bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Perception of Disaster Preparedness and Disaster Repsonse Self-Efficacy of Nurses Following the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake on February 6, 2023: A Pathway Analysis
Authors: Soylu Dilek , Soylu Ayşe , Seven Ahmet
Published: February 2025

Objective

To evaluate the perception of disaster preparedness and response self-efficacy of nurses living and working in the region affected by the earthquakes in Turkey on February 6, 2023.

Methods

This cross-sectional, relationship-seeking research was conducted between March 10 and May 10, 2024 with 344 nurses in a hospital in the province of Kahramanmaraş, which was the epicentre of the February 2023 earthquake. A Personal Information Form, the Perception of Nurses of Disaster Preparedness Scale (PNDPS), and the Disaster Response Self-Efficacy Scale (DRSES) were used in data collection. Pathway analysis and confirmatory factor analyis were used in the evaluation of the data.

Results

Age, gender, educational level, disaster training, and having lost someone close in a disaster were determined to have a significant effect on the perception of disaster preparedness, and response self-efficacy (P < 0.05). The perception of the stage of preparation was determined to be 0.136-fold greater in those with a disaster preparation plan (P < 0.05). Perception of the post-disaster stage was determined to be 0.130-fold greaater in those with a disaster preparation plan (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that nurses working in the earthquake region had high levels of disaster preparedness perception and response self-efficacy.
Quantum bumpless pipe dreams
Authors: Le Tuong , Ouyang Shuge , Tao Leo , Restivo Joseph , Zhang Angelina
Published: February 2025

Schubert polynomials are polynomial representatives of Schubert classes in the cohomology of the complete flag variety and have a combinatorial formulation in terms of bumpless pipe dreams. Quantum double Schubert polynomials are polynomial representatives of Schubert classes in the torus-equivariant quantum cohomology of the complete flag variety, but no analogous combinatorial formulation had been discovered. We introduce a generalization of the bumpless pipe dreams called quantum bumpless pipe dreams, giving a novel combinatorial formula for quantum double Schubert polynomials as a sum of binomial weights of quantum bumpless pipe dreams. We give a bijective proof for this formula by showing that the sum of binomial weights satisfies a defining transition equation.
On the interaction between planar incident shock with finite width and cylindrical boundary layer at Mach 2.0
Authors: Li Fangbo , Huang Hexia , Tan Huijun , Li Xin , Yu Hang , Qin Yuan
Published: February 2025

The interaction between planar incident shocks and cylindrical boundary layers is prevalent in missiles equipped with inverted inlets, which typically leads to substantial three-dimensional flow separation and the formation of vortical flow. This study utilizes wind-tunnel experiments and theoretical analysis to elucidate the shock structure, surface topology and pressure distributions induced by a planar shock with finite width impinging on a cylinder wall at Mach 2.0. In the central region, a refraction phenomenon occurs as the transmitted shock bends within the boundary layer, generating a series of compression waves that coalesce into a shock, forming a ‘shock triangle’ structure. As the incident shock propagates backward along both sides, it gradually evolves into a Mach stem, where the transmitted shock refracts the expansion wave. The incident shock interacts with the boundary layer, resulting in the formation of a highly swept separation region that yields a pair of counter-rotating horseshoe-like vortices above the separation lines. These vortices facilitate the accumulation of low-energy fluid on both sides. Although the interaction of the symmetry plane aligns with free-interaction-theory, the separation shock angle away from the centre significantly deviates from the predicted value owing to the accumulation of low-energy fluids. The primary separation line and pressure distribution jointly exhibit an elliptical similarity on the cylindrical surface. Furthermore, the potential unsteady behaviour is assessed, and the Strouhal number of the low-frequency oscillation is found to be 0.0094, which is insufficient to trigger significant alterations in the flow field structure.
On the L-polynomials of curves over finite fields
Authors: Ballini Francesco , Lombardo Davide , Verzobio Matteo
Published: February 2025

We discuss, in a non-Archimedean setting, the distribution of the coefficients of L-polynomials of curves of genus g over

$\mathbb{F}_q$

. Among other results, this allows us to prove that the

$\mathbb{Q}$

-vector space spanned by such characteristic polynomials has dimension g + 1. We also state a conjecture about the Archimedean distribution of the number of rational points of curves over finite fields.
Children’s adherence to a healthy and environmentally sustainable dietary pattern based on the EAT-Lancet recommendations: the role of the family environment
Authors: Teixeira Beatriz , Afonso Cláudia , Oliveira Andreia
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to investigate the association between family characteristics and adherence to the EAT-Lancet dietary recommendations in 7-year-old children. This is a prospective birth cohort study with 2062 children from Generation XXI (Porto, Portugal), who provided 3-day food diaries at age 7, used to assess habitual food consumption. At the age of 4, maternal diet was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire, and a diet quality score was calculated (higher scores indicating a better maternal diet), and parental-child feeding practices were assessed with the Child-Feeding Questionnaire. Adherence to the EAT-Lancet recommendations was evaluated using the World Index for Sustainability and Health (WISH) at 7, previously adapted to pediatric age. Hierarchical linear regression models (consecutive addition of blocks of variables based on a theoretical framework) were employed to evaluate the associations between family characteristics and adherence to the WISH at age 7 [β regression coefficients and the respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI)]. Higher maternal age and education at child’s birth were associated with increased adherence to the WISH at age 7 (β=0.018, 95%CI: 0.005, 0.031; β=0.038, 95%CI: 0.024, 0.053, respectively). A better maternal diet quality, and using more restrictive practices on child’s diet, at 4 years old, were both associated with higher scoring in the WISH at 7 years old (β=0.033, 95%CI: 0.018, 0.049; β=0.067, 95%CI: 0.009, 0.125, respectively). Early maternal sociodemographic and diet quality play a significant role in influencing the adherence to a healthy and environmentally sustainable dietary pattern at school-age.
The oxidative phosphorylation is regulated by ubiquitination under slow-cooling treatment in hydrated lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds
Authors: Han Yingying , Jiang Wenchao , Wang Xiuli , Wang Jie , Song Danping , Yang Weidong , Liu Baolin
Published: February 2025

The previous study indicated that ubiquitination is involved in the freezing tolerance of hydrated seeds. Parthenolide (PN), inducing the ubiquitination of MDM2, an E3 ring-finger ubiquitin ligase, adversely affects the freezing tolerance of hydrated lettuce seeds. Therefore, a proteomics analysis was conducted to identify PN's targets in hydrated seeds exposed to cooling conditions. Several pathways, including oxidative phosphorylation (KEGG00190), amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism (KEGG00520), and biosynthesis of nucleotide sugars (KEGG01250), were enriched in the PN treatment under slow-cooling conditions (3°C h−1, P < 0.05). Among the proteins in oxidative phosphorylation, the expression of NADH dehydrogenases and ATP synthases (ATPsyn) decreased in PN treatment. In contrast, uncoupling proteins increased after PN treatment, which led to the dissociation of the electron transport chain from ATP synthesis. Treatments with rotenone, dicoumarol, and oligomycin (i.e., oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors) decreased the survival rate of hydrated seeds under freezing conditions, which indicated that energy metabolism was related to the freezing tolerance of hydrated seeds. The predicted interactions between PN and MDM2-like proteins of Lactuca indicated that LsMDM2-5 forms two potential hydrogen bonds with PN. Furthermore, based on AlphaFold predictions and yeast 2-hybrid results, MDM2-5 might interact directly with NADH2. The knockdown of MDM2-5 by RNAi caused a higher level of NADH2 and ATPsyn and a higher freezing tolerance of hydrated seeds. This indicated that MDM2 played negative roles in regulating ATP synthesis and freezing tolerance of hydrated seeds.
Creating the ‘Suspect’: New Works on Policing France
Authors: Beaujon Danielle
Published: February 2025

Critiques of police brutality and dire warnings about public safety are a seemingly inescapable topic of controversy today, saturating headlines and political campaigns all over the world. In 2020, the murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis prompted huge protests across the United States, with activists denouncing yet another episode of excessive police violence against a Black man. As Covid-19 lockdowns kept people tethered to their homes, protests echoed globally, affirming solidarity in the value of Black lives and critiques of police violence. In Europe, marchers filled the streets everywhere from the United Kingdom to Poland, and, notably for this essay, in France. France, of course, did not need an American example to reckon with police misconduct. Since at least the 1970s, French activists have been calling attention to the way that police violence is directed disproportionately at economically marginalised banlieues and socially marginalised immigrant populations. In 2018, French citizens witnessed the brutal policing of the gilets jaunes, a populist movement that criticised economic inequality and President Macron's neoliberal policies. With horror, they read stories of protestors battered by police batons, grenades, and tear gas, losing hands and eyes in the fray. More recently, in June 2023, the police murder of Nahel Merzouk in Nanterre, following a routine traffic stop, reopened old wounds. ‘Who, exactly, do the police serve?’, protestors asked. Certainly not Nahel.
Objective Suffering: What is it? What Could it be?
Authors: Tate Tyler
Published: February 2025

There is an ongoing debate in bioethics regarding the nature of suffering. This conversation revolves around the following question: What kind of thing, exactly, is suffering? Specifically, is suffering a subjective phenomenon—intrinsically linked to personhood, personal values, feelings, and lived experience—or an objective affair, amenable to impersonal criteria and existing as an independent feature of the natural world? Notably, the implications of this determination are politically and ethically significant. This essay attempts to bring clarity to the subjective versus objective debate in suffering scholarship by examining the history of the concept of “objectivity,” and putting that history in conversation with physician Eric Cassell’s famous theory of suffering. It concludes with a novel, albeit tentative, definition of suffering: suffering is the experience of a gap between how things are and how things ought to be.
The Alphabet Mafia: Effectiveness of LGBTQ+ Interest Groups in Congress
Authors: Anstett Robert
Published: February 2025

This article examines the effectiveness of LGBTQ groups in Congress by looking at voting in favor of bills concerning queer rights. I find that the effect of donations is present in the early period of queer bills before Congress but disappears in bills post-2018. Instead, party is the dominant explanation for votes on bills. This has implications for the strategies that should be employed by LGBTQ+ interests at the national level and implications for how political science should examine the interactions between interest groups and new venues of change.
Learning L2 grammar from prediction errors? Verb biases in structural priming in comprehension and production
Authors: Şafak Duygu F. , Hopp Holger
Published: February 2025

This study tests whether prediction error underlies structural priming in a later-learnt L2 across two visual world eye-tracking priming experiments. Experiment 1 investigates priming when learners encounter verbs biased to double-object-datives (DO, “pay”) or prepositional-object-datives (PO, “send”) in the other structure in prime sentences. L1-German–L2-English learners read prime sentences crossing verb bias and structure (DO/PO). Subsequently, they heard target sentences – with unbiased verbs (“show”) – while viewing visual scenes. In line with implicit learning models, gaze data revealed priming and prediction-error effects, namely, more predictive looks consistent with PO following PO primes with DO-bias verbs. Priming in comprehension persisted into (unprimed) production, indicating that priming by prediction error leads to longer-term learning. Experiment 2 investigates the effects of target verb bias on error-based priming. Priming and prediction-error effects were reduced for targets with non-alternating verbs (“donate”) that only allow PO structures, suggesting learners’ knowledge of the L2 grammar modulates prediction-error-based priming.
Characterising “obesogenic” versus “protective” food consumption, and their value chain among Ghanaian households
Authors: Annan Reginald Adjetey , Agyapong Nana Ama Frimpomaa , Aidoo Robert , Apprey Charles , Aduku Linda Nana Esi , Swart Elizabeth C
Published: February 2025

Objectives:

This paper explores the characteristics of Ghanaian households’ consumption of obesogenic versus protective foods, including their retail, distribution, and origin.

Design:

A household food consumption survey was conducted using an adapted Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study Food Frequency Questionnaire. Product pathways for selected obesogenic (processed meat, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, and biscuits) and protective (cooked vegetables, legumes, and fish) foods were traced from retailers through distributors/wholesalers to producers.

Setting:

Rural and urban communities in the Ashanti Region and selected retail/wholesale/producers nationwide.

Participants:

612 households, 209 retailers and 185 wholesalers/distributors.

Results:

About 20% of households consume Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSB) and confectionery weekly, and just 2% consumed processed meat. Of the protective foods, fish had the highest proportion of households consuming weekly (74.5%), followed by cooked vegetables (53.1%) and legumes (22.8%). Frequent SSB consumption is higher in younger (p<0.001), male (p=0.010), urban (p<0.001), and more educated (p<0.001) food purchaser households. Below 10% of households followed the healthiest dietary pattern (high-protective-and-low-obesogenic) but higher in older and more educated food purchaser households. In contrast, most households (about 80%) consumption patterns did not discriminate between obesogenic and protective foods. Generally, characteristics of purchasers from retail/wholesale outlets agree with those of households, where obesogenic foods were retailed to younger, less educated buyers than older, more educated ones. While the protective foods had a strong local producer presence, the obesogenic foods were predominantly imported.

Conclusion:

Household consumption and retail/distribution of obesogenic foods are associated with socio-demographic characteristics, but obesogenic foods are almost entirely produced outside Ghana. Policies that regulate importation on health grounds can promote a healthier food environment.
Off-Balance: How US Courts Privilege Conservative Policy Outcomes
Authors: Highsmith Brian , Sen Maya , Thelen Kathleen
Published: February 2025

A growing literature has challenged some of the more influential accounts regarding the role of courts in the development of social and economic policy in the United States. We highlight some of the more durable features of the American federal judiciary that together tend to privilege ideologically conservative outcomes on matters of politics and public policy. Situating the United States in a comparative perspective, we build our argument in three parts. First, we review interdisciplinary accounts documenting how institutional features of US courts—including the unusually strong powers of judicial review—can tilt outcomes in a conservative-leaning direction. Second, we document how these formidable powers interact with judicial selection processes that currently skew the composition of the judiciary in favor of conservative candidates. Third, we show how the combination of the two factors—institutional and compositional—biases federal courts’ interventions toward privileging conservative policy outcomes.
Optimizing Investments in Alternative Water Infrastructure for Urban Food Production in Water Stressed Cities
Authors: Zhong Qing , Tong Daoqin , Crosson Courtney , Zhang Yinan , Bhushan Rashi
Published: February 2025

Urban agriculture has significant potential to address food security and nutritional challenges in cities. However, water access for urban food production poses a major challenge in the face of climate change and growing global freshwater scarcity, particularly in arid and semi‐arid areas. To support sustainable urban food production, this study focuses on a hybrid urban water system that integrates two important alternative water resources: a decentralized system of rainwater harvesting (RWH) and a centralized reclaimed water system. A new spatial optimization model is developed to identify the best investment strategy for deploying these two alternative water infrastructures to expand urban food production. The model is applied to the case study in Tucson, Arizona, a semi‐arid city in U.S. Southwest, to address food deserts in the region. Results show that 72%–96% of the investment is allocated to rainwater tanks deployment across all investment scenarios, with the proportion of investment in rainwater harvesting increasing as total investment rises. However, rainwater contributes only about 18%–27% of the total food production. The results of our case study indicate that expanding the reclaimed water network is more effective for urban food production and is also more cost‐efficient compared to implementing rainwater tanks. The new model can be applied to other regions, taking into account factors such as crop types, climate, soil conditions, infrastructure configurations, costs, and other site‐specific variables. The study provides valuable insights for planning urban water systems that incorporate alternative water sources under different investment scenarios.
Dimethyl fumarate promotes the degradation of HNF1B and suppresses the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Dai Yue , Li Hongchen , Fan Shiyin , Wang Kai , Cui Ziyi , Zhao Xinyu , Sun Xue , Lin Mingen , Li Jiaxi , Gao Yi , Tian Ziyin , Yang Hui , Zha Bingbing , Lv Lei , Xu Yanping
Published: February 2025

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most lethal subtype of renal cancer, and its treatment options remain limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover therapeutic agents for ccRCC treatment. Here, we demonstrate that dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an approved medication for multiple sclerosis [1] and psoriasis, can inhibit the proliferation of ccRCC cells. Mechanistically, hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β (HNF1B), a transcription factor highly expressed in ccRCC, is succinated by DMF at cysteine residues, leading to its proteasomal degradation. Furthermore, HNF1B interacts with and stabilizes Yes-associated protein (YAP), thus DMF-mediated HNF1B degradation decreases YAP protein level and the expression of its target genes, resulting in the suppression of ccRCC cell proliferation. Importantly, oral administration of DMF sensitizes ccRCC to sunitinib treatment and enhances its efficacy in mice. In summary, we provide evidences supporting DMF as a potential drug for clinical treatment of ccRCC by targeting HNF1B and reveal a previously unrecognized role of HNF1B in regulating YAP in ccRCC.
Moesin integrates cortical and lamellar actin networks during Drosophila macrophage migration
Authors: Sánchez-Sánchez Besaiz J. , Marcotti Stefania , Salvador-Garcia David , Díaz-de-la-Loza María-del-Carmen , Burki Mubarik , Davidson Andrew J. , Wood Will , Stramer Brian M.
Published: February 2025

Cells are thought to adopt mechanistically distinct migration modes depending on cell-type and environmental factors. These modes are assumed to be driven by mutually exclusive actin cytoskeletal organizations, which are either lamellar (flat, branched network) or cortical (crosslinked to the plasma membrane). Here we exploit Drosophila macrophage (hemocyte) developmental dispersal to reveal that these cells maintain both a lamellar actin network at their cell front and a cortical actin network at the rear. Loss of classical actin cortex regulators, such as Moesin, perturb hemocyte morphology and cell migration. Furthermore, cortical and lamellipodial actin networks are interregulated. Upon phosphorylation and binding to the plasma membrane, Moesin is advected to the rear by lamellar actin flow. Simultaneously, the cortical actin network feeds back on the lamella to help regulate actin flow speed and leading-edge dynamics. These data reveal that hemocyte motility requires both lamellipodial and cortical actin architectures in homeostatic equilibrium.
Remote cooling of spin-ensembles through a spin-mechanical hybrid interface
Authors: Wang Yang , Dasari Durga Bhaktavatsala Rao , Wrachtrup Jörg
Published: February 2025

We present a protocol for the ground-state cooling of a tripartite hybrid quantum system, in which a macroscopic oscillator acts as a mediator between a single-probe spin and a remote spin ensemble. In the presence of weak dispersive coupling between the spins and the oscillator, cooling of the oscillator and the ensemble spins can be achieved by exploiting the feedback from frequent measurements of the single-probe spin. We explore the parameter regimes necessary to cool the ensemble, the oscillator, or both to their thermal ground states. This novel cooling protocol shows that, even with only weak dispersive coupling, energy transfer-like effects can be obtained by simply manipulating the probe spin. These results not only contribute to the development of a practical solution for cooling/polarizing large spin ensembles but also provide a relatively simple means of tuning the dynamics of a hybrid system. The proposed protocol thus has broader implications for advancing various quantum technology applications, such as macroscopic quantum state generation and remote sensing.
Enhanced hunger games search algorithm that incorporates the marine predator optimization algorithm for optimal extraction of parameters in PEM fuel cells
Authors: Issa Mohamed , Elaziz Mohamed Abd , Selem Sameh I.
Published: February 2025

This article introduces a novel optimization approach to improve the parameter estimation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), which are critical for diverse applications but are challenging to model due to their nonlinear behavior. The proposed method, HGS-MPA, enhances the Hunger Games Search (HGS) algorithm by integrating Marine Predator Algorithm (MPA) operators, significantly boosting its exploitation capabilities and convergence rate. The effectiveness of HGS-MPA was validated on three commercial PEMFC datasets: 250-W stack, BCS 500-W, and NedStack PS6, using the Sum Squared Error (SSE) as the performance metric. Experimental results highlight that HGS-MPA achieves minimum fitness values of 0.33770, 1.31620, and 0.01174 for the respective datasets, outperforming other state-of-the-art algorithms. These findings underscore the method’s potential for accurate PEMFC parameter estimation, offering enhanced performance and reliability.
Particle settling in a shear-thinning, viscoelastic fluid in the presence of wall effects
Authors: Whorton Jodie , Jones Thomas J. , Russell James K.
Published: February 2025

The settling of particles in fluids is a widespread phenomenon and commonly involves accounting for the effects of walls. Particle settling and wall effects are well understood for Newtonian fluids but the consequences of non-Newtonian fluid properties on particle settling are less well known. Here, we present the results from a set of experiments quantifying wall effects on particle settling within quiescent shear-thinning and viscoelastic (non-Newtonian) fluids for sphere-to-tube diameter ratios

$$\lambda \le 0.3$$

λ
≤
0.3

. We find that wall effects on particle settling are reduced in non-Newtonian fluids and settling velocities are poorly predicted by conventional wall-corrected Stokes’ equations. We show that deviations in settling velocity are due to both the shear-thinning and viscoelastic properties of the fluid. Supported by our experimental dataset, we are able to show that calculating the shear-rate based on the particle diameter length-scale corresponds to an apparent viscosity that appropriately accounts for shear-thinning effects. A further correction factor for viscoelastic behaviour based on

$$\lambda$$

λ

and the Weissenberg number, Wi, is applied, and shows good agreement with all experimentally measured velocities. Together, we provide a quantitative method to accurately predict the terminal settling velocity of particles in shear-thinning, viscoelastic fluids up to sphere-to-tube diameter ratios of 0.3.
Assessment of the performance of Ni carbon nanotube nano composite coatings and activated carbon for diesel exhaust treatment
Authors: Nasr Gamal E. M. , Baiomy Magdy A. , Taieb A. Z. , Abdel Razek Mayada E. , Refai Mohamed
Published: February 2025

Diesel engines are essential in sectors such as transportation, agriculture, and power generation, offering benefits like fuel efficiency, high power output, and durability. However, their emissions (NOX, CO2, CO, HC, SO2, and PM) significantly contribute to air pollution, posing serious environmental and health risks. This study aimed to design and fabricate a unit that simulates diesel engine emissions and tests various purification materials. The unit consists of a combustion chamber, filtration media, and exhaust pipes, with materials such as activated carbon, activated carbon with magnesium oxide, and Ni-Carbon Nanotube (CNTs) nanocomposites tested under controlled combustion conditions to measure their pollutant removal efficiencies. Results showed that 100% activated carbon achieved pollutant removal efficiencies of 85.21% for CO2, 80.77% for CO, and 68.84% for HC. Combining activated carbon with magnesium oxide (AC: MgO) enhanced these efficiencies to 76.92% for CO2, 86.84% for CO, and 73.28% for HC. Ni-CNTs nanocomposites (at 0.2 concentration) demonstrated the highest performance, with removal efficiencies of 93.13% for CO2, 94.87% for CO, and 76.02% for HC. These results emphasize the potential of Ni-CNTs nanocomposites as highly efficient materials for reducing diesel exhaust emissions, contributing significantly to cleaner air, better public health, and more sustainable diesel technologies.
Emergency response for recently isolated Foot and Mouth Disease virus type A Africa in Egypt 2022
Authors: Abousenna Mohamed Samy , Khafagy Heba A. , Mohamed Amal Abd El Moneim , El Sawy Sara E.A. , Shasha Fady Abd El Mohsen , Darwish Darwish Mahmoud , Shafik Nermeen G.
Published: February 2025

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral infection affecting cloven-hoofed ruminants, leading to significant economic losses. In 2022, Egypt faced a severe outbreak of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) caused by the A/Africa/G-IV variant. This study assessed the efficacy of local and imported FMDV vaccines (A Iran-05 lineage) against this new variant using in vitro and in vivo methods. Sera from vaccinated calves showed inadequate cross-protection, with mean r1-values of 0.235 and 0.243 for local and imported vaccines, respectively. Challenge tests indicated low protection levels (20% and 40%) against A/Africa/G-IV compared with A/Iran/05. Current vaccines were deemed ineffective, prompting a formulation update incorporating the variant. The modified vaccine is now deployed in proactive vaccination efforts to address the evolving FMD outbreak.
C–H functionalization through benzylic deprotonation with π-coordination or cation–π-interactions
Authors: Zhu(s) Hui , Wu Yu , Mao Jianyou , Xu Jingkai , Walsh Patrick J. , Shi Hang
Published: February 2025

Transition-metals bind arene π-systems, removing e− density and acidifying benzylic C–H’s. Main group metals achieve this via cation–π interactions. Both interactions enable catalytic base-promoted selective C–H functionalization.
Effect of street trees on local air pollutant concentrations (NO2, BC, UFP, PM2.5) in Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Authors: Fry Juliane L. , Ooms Pascale , Krol Maarten , Kerckhoffs Jules , Vermeulen Roel , Wesseling Joost , van den Elshout Sef
Published: February 2025

Urban street trees can affect air pollutant concentrations by reducing ventilation rates in polluted street canyons (increasing concentrations), or by providing surface area for deposition (decreasing concentrations).
Gold nanoparticles synthesized from soil-derived Streptomyces sp. ASM19: characterization, antimicrobial, anticancer potency targeted G2/M phase cell-cycle arrest, and in silico studies
Authors: Aati Sultan , Aati Hanan Y. , Hamed Ahmed A. , El-Shamy Sherine , Aati Shahad H. , Abdelmohsen Usama Ramadan , Bringmann Gerhard , Taha Mostafa N. , Hassan Hossam M. , Bahr Hebatallah S.
Published: February 2025

Gold nanoparticles (Au) have attracted considerable attention in the field of biomedicine in recent years.
Injectable carboxymethyl chitosan/oxidized dextran hydrogels containing zoledronic acid modified strontium hydroxyapatite nanoparticles
Authors: Ozgen Alkin , Kilic Busra , Ghaffarlou Mohammadreza , Karaaslan Cagatay , Aydin Halil Murat
Published: February 2025

Schematic representation of the methodology for the development of composite hydrogels containing zoledronic acid modified strontium hydroxyapatite nanoparticles.
Multi-pronged molecular insights into flavonoid-mediated inhibition of squalene epoxidase: a pathway to novel therapeutics
Authors: Kamel Emadeldin M. , Othman Sarah I. , Rudayni Hassan A. , Allam Ahmed A. , Lamsabhi Al Mokhtar
Published: February 2025

Apigenin-7-O-glucoside, silibinin, and baicalin are potent squalene epoxidase inhibitors with promising therapeutic potential. Integrative in silico and experimental studies pave the way for hypercholesterolemia and antifungal therapies.
Two-dimensional self-assembled TiSe2 micro–nanoparticles toward high-performance sodium ion storage
Authors: Liu Jiaxin , Yang Shenghong , Jiang Rui , Yu Lu , Zhou Shilin , Shi Xiaoyan , Xu Junling , Shao Lianyi , Sun Zhipeng , Hang Lifeng
Published: February 2025

TiSe2 micro–nanoparticles with high rate and long life have been prepared by a simple one-step selenization method. The sodium storage mechanism was investigated by in situ and ex situ technologies.
Efficient Sr2Ta2O7:Bi3+,Ln3+ (Ln3+ = Eu3+,Sm3+) phosphors for optical thermometry and anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Wang Xin , Wei Shuai , Lyu Zeyu , Sun Dashuai , Tan Taixing , Zhou Luhui , Luo Pengcheng , Lu Zheng , Zhang Xiaowei , You Hongpeng
Published: February 2025

A series of novel optical thermometers with an optimal relative sensitivity of 2.98% K−1 were designed based on the luminescence of the Bi3+ and Ln3+ ions with different temperature sensitivities.
Pressure-induced multi-functional property analysis of lead-free tin based halide perovskites ASnCl3 (A = Ga, In, Tl) for advanced optoelectronic applications
Authors: Hasan Md. Ratul , Apon Imtiaz Ahamed , Islam Md. Mafidul , Azad Asab Uzzaman , Solayman Md. , Haque Md. Salman
Published: February 2025

This work examines the structural, electrical, and optical characteristics of lead-free tin-based halide perovskites, ASnCl3 (A = Ga, In, and Tl), as environmentally friendly substitutes for lead-based perovskites in solar applications.
Non-conjugated alkyl chain engineering to tune condensed state photophysical and supramolecular assembly properties
Authors: Meher Niranjan , Khatun Mst Nasima , Parui Retwik , Iyer Parameswar Krishnan
Published: February 2025

A simple yet promising synthetic tweak in alkyl chain engineering has been unveiled to fine-tune the supramolecular self-assembly and condensed state photophysical properties of planar naphthalimide cores.
Compact generalized joined coupler matrix with orthogonal beams
Authors: Xu Yang , Guo Y. Jay
Published: February 2025

An analogue beamforming network, such as the Butler matrix can produce orthogonal beams, the peak of each beam being aligned with the nulls of all other beams. This is particularly important in scenarios requiring interference resilience in systems like base stations and user equipment. This paper presents a 3 × 5 Nolen‐like generalized joined coupler (GJC) matrix to produce orthogonal beams with both compact size and flexibility. The phase shifters are integrated into couplers while the coupling value range of couplers are extended to achieve the required performance of the GJC matrix. A prototype GJC matrix is designed, simulated, fabricated, and measured. The measured results agree well with the simulation ones.
Use of Capacitive Sensors for Measuring Soil Water Content in Irrigation Systems: A Review
Authors: Margiwiyatno Agus , Sudarmaji Arief , Siswantoro  , Masrukhi  , Irawadi  , Wijaya Krissandi , Hari Kuncoro Purwoko , Budi Sulistyo Susanto , Furqon
Published: February 2025

Effective water management in agriculture is essential to achieving global food security in the face of growing challenges. By enabling consistent agricultural production and well-managed irrigation systems, we can sustainably improve food availability and access. In the realm of modern agriculture, where efficiency and sustainability are paramount, the integration of sensors with automatic irrigation systems represents a transformative leap forward. In the pursuit of sustainable agriculture and efficient water management, capacitive soil moisture sensors have emerged as indispensable tools for modern farmers. This paper reviews the use of capacitive soil moisture sensors in irrigation methods, potential advantages, challenges, and future implications.
F-Cubed Carocell Panels: A Promising Solution for Distilling Irrigation and Brackish
Authors: Furqon Maulana , Rahayuningtyas Ari , Dayat Hidayat Dadang
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to investigate the performance of Fcubed carocell Panel using two different types of feedwaters i.e. irrigation and brackish water. The environmental condition parameters measured consisted of Illumination, radiation, relative humidity, and temperature, while the parameters of feed water samples measured consisted of volume, temperature, and total dissolved solid of wastewater (disinfected heated water) and distilled water. The analysis showed that the distilled water yield of irrigation water was significantly different than that of brackish water. The difference was caused due to the difference content of Total Dissolved Solids and the environment’s relative humidity. The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of brackish water was ten times that of irrigation water, while both distilled water TDS of irrigation and brackish water were less than 10 ppm. The discharge of irrigation distilled water was relatively higher than that of brackish water. The distilled water discharge of irrigation and brackish water was 1.06 ± 0.19 l/hr and 0.86 ± 0.14 l/hr respectively. The ratio between distilled and wastewater of irrigation and brackish water were 20:1 and 25:1 respectively.
Defining social sustainability through social capital in the small-scale coconut plantation ecosystem in Indragiri Hilir, Indonesia: A preliminary study
Authors: Nabillah Ratu , Ihsan Fawzi Nurul
Published: February 2025

The study explores the role of social capital in promoting social sustainability within small-scale coconut plantations in Indragiri Hilir, Indonesia. Employing a qualitative approach, this preliminary research engaged 65 farmers and 15 middlemen through extensive in-depth interviews and group discussions. Spanning diverse rural landscapes across the coastal areas of Indragiri Hilir—including Pulau Burung, Kateman, Tanah Merah, Teluk Belengkong, Pelangiran, Tembilahan, Enok, Sungai Batang, and Reteh Districts, covering 15 villages—the study addresses specific challenges and opportunities for sustainable practices unique to each locality. Through a nuanced examination of bonding, bridging, and linking forms of social capital, the findings underscore the pivotal role of social capital in fostering social sustainability. This encompasses aspects such as agricultural finance, supply chain dynamics, agricultural regeneration, and sustainable land management, facilitated by knowledge exchange, resource sharing, and collective action. The research highlights that the relationships among farmers, characterized as “bonding social capital,” constitute the fundamental basis for coconut ecosystem sustainability. However, addressing more complex challenges and meeting advanced needs requires expanding relationships beyond homogeneous groups of farmers. Therefore, fostering connections among actors at different levels and scales, represented by “bridging and linking social capital,” becomes crucial because vertical connections serve as a conduit to enhance bonding capital through interactions with external stakeholders.
Financial feasibility of NFT system hydroponic urban farming businesses in Semarang city
Authors: Setiyawan Hery , Handoyo Mulyo Jangkung , Irham Irham , Suryantini Any
Published: February 2025

The objective of this research is to analyse the financial feasibility of a hydroponic urban farming business in Semarang City that uses an NFT system. The census method was employed to conduct the research on 52 independent hydroponic farmers who adopted the NFT system. Quantitative descriptive methods were implemented to analyse the data based on financial feasibility criteria. The research findings indicate that the average ROI (Return On Investment) is 17.62%, the PP (Payback Period) is 1 year, 3 months, and 14 days, the NPV (Net Present Value) is IDR 58,753,215,-, the BCR (Benefit Cost Ratio) is 1.71, and the IRR (Internal Rate of Return) is 33.48%. The conclusion of this research indicate that the hydroponic urban farming business in Semarang City, which employs the NFT system, is profitable or viable.
Shallot Production Risk: Case Study in Gunungkidul Region Yogyakarta Province
Authors: Aulia Rahmadani Salsabila , Handoyo Mulyo Jangkung , Amat Nasir Muh
Published: February 2025

Shallot is a horticultural product that has good economic value for being cultivated by smallholder. Does this commodity have lots of production risks? Shallot farmers often face production risksthrough inefficient use of off-the-field production facilities, weather and pest attacks. The present study was conducted to estimate the risk of shallot production and its determinant factors. The study was carried out in Kapanewon Wonosari, which is situated on the karst mountains of Java Island. In moorland ecosystem, shallots are mostly cultivated by farmers although the large scale irrigation system is at a critical stage of water deficit derived from boreholes. The production risk was quantitatively evaluated by the Coefficient of variation (CV) on average level and also analyzed by Ordinary Least Square (OLS) through Just and Pope risk function model. The risk measured for shallot production appear at high level (CV: 68.5%). As a result, the loss rate for shallot farming in Kapanewon Wonosari is 68.5%. Moreover, the OLS regression results indicate that pesticide cost and number of planting show a positive significant effect on production risk while farm experience and major sowing quarter through April to June have a negative impact.
Factors Influencing Environmental Sustainability in the Dairy Agro-Industry in Indonesia
Authors: Hardi Tri , Imam Hidayat Syarif , Tjahaja Amir Indra , Hendrarini Hamidah
Published: February 2025

The phenomenon of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) initiated by the United Nations (UN) has become a global concern today. This is because in recent years, we have faced three crucial environmental crises, namely the climate crisis, the biodiversity and nature crisis, and the pollution and waste crisis. Why are these crises happening? These crises occur because of production and consumption patterns that are managed unsustainably, such as the overexploitation of the earth’s resources. This has adverse impacts on the environment, climate change, damage to ecosystems, and increasing levels of pollution. To achieve environmental sustainability through improved consumption and production patterns, specialized strategies are needed that focus on raising awareness of material and energy use, recycling, waste management, nature conservation, and renewable energy. Sustainability issues in the environmental sector caused by unsustainable production and consumption patterns can also occur in the food and beverage industry. With the background mentioned above, this study aims to determine the factors that influence environmental sustainability in the dairy agro-industry in Indonesia. The analytical method used in this study is the MICMAC (Matrice d’impacts croisés-multiplication appliquée) method developed by the LIPSOR Prospective Strategic and Organizational Research Laboratory (foresight).
Capturing Climate Change Online Discourse to Support agriculture Research
Authors: Wijaya Toni , Bakti Dadang Karya , Agung Pratama Maulana , Ali Suprihatin
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the changing conversation around climate change on social media in Indonesia, specifically analysing the time frame from January to May 2024. Given the ongoing and substantial risks that climate change presents to countries, communities, and people, it is crucial to comprehend how the public perceives and discusses this pressing matter. We collect data from social media platforms and the Scopus research database. Then employing a deliberate scraping method to gather 2,300 tweets that had hashtags and keyword linked to “PerubahanIklim” or “climate change”. After the first dataset was obtained, the preparation step progressed to the preprocessing phase. This comprehensive methodology enables a detailed comprehension of the progression of climate change discourse on social media in Indonesia. The research also emphasises the fluidity of climate change discourse, illustrating the transformation of public opinion and involvement with the subject during the five-month study period. This study adds to the expanding corpus of research on climate change communication in social media settings, specifically focusing on developing countries. Through a comprehensive examination of online conversations in Indonesia, we present significant observations for politicians, environmental organisations, and researchers aiming to comprehend and tackle climate change issues in the area.
The Influence of Strangulation and Dormancy-Breaking Agent Aplication on Fruit set, Flower and Fruit Drop of Chokun Citrus (Citrus reticulata)
Authors: Juliani Hilya , Sakhidin  , Djatmiko Heru Adi
Published: February 2025

Chokun citrus plants (Citrus reticulata) are known for their sweet taste and distinctive aroma. Citrus production in Indonesia fluctuates annually. This research aims to investigate the effects of strangulation and dormancy-breaking agent application on fruiting, flower drop, and fruit drop in Chokun citrus. The study was conducted at the exfarm of Universitas Jenderal Soedirman from July 2023 to January 2024 using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two main treatments: strangulation (without strangulation, single strangulation, double strangulations) and dormancy-breaking agent application (without dormancy breaking agent, KNO3 250 ppm, Etephon 150 ppm), involving a total of 27 citrus trees as research subjects. Strangulation involved wrapping a 1.5 mm diameters wire around the lower stem, which was removed after three months. Dormancy-breaking agents were applied after wire removal. Results indicated that strangulation increased flower and fruit numbers, flower and fruit drop, and leaf carbon content at 32 days after treatment (DAT). Dormancy-breaking agent application did not affect all variables. Interaction between strangulation and dormancy-breaking agents affected flower and fruit numbers, leaf carbon content at 64 DAT, and C/N ratio. This study demonstrates that combining strangulation techniques and dormancy-breaking agent applications can enhance Chokun citrus plant production.
Comparison of brazilian spinach plant (Alternanthera sissoo) cultivation techniques in wiremesh tower garden and conventional land
Authors: Warid  , Koniko Silitonga
Published: February 2025

A city depends on the area of the village around the city, which has food providers. One of the problems in urban areas is converting agricultural land to non-agricultural land, causing a lack of agricultural areas in the city. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Wiremesh Tower Garden (WTG) cultivation method compared to the conventional method and determine Brazilian spinach’s growth response and yield when grown vertically on WTG. This research was conducted at the Experimental Garden and Laboratory of the Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Design, Universitas Trilogi, from August to November 2022. WTG and conventional cultivation were placed in an area with the same size plot to be compared fairly. WTG was set by a distance of 60 cm each other with five replications, and conventional cultivation was carried out on five beds with a size of 1 x 2 m2. Brazilian spinach cultivation using WTG showed lower results compared to conventional cultivation. However, based on production variables, WTG was still recommended because WTG’s land use still needs to be optimal. The best planting position on WTG was the peak, followed by the top, middle and bottom positions based on production variables.
Effectiveness of the application of gibberellic acid (GA3) to stimulate the germination of artificially aged seeds of several sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes
Authors: Kamal Muhammad , Pramono E. , Hadi M.S. , Setiawan K. , Ardian  , Muhtadi S. , Andis T.
Published: February 2025

Gibberellic acid (GA3) plays an important role in seed germination. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effectiveness of gibberellic acid (GA3) application to stimulate the germination of artificially aged seeds of several sorghum genotypes. The experiment using was conducted in Laboratory of Seed and Plant Breeding, Agricultural Faculty, Lampung University, Indonesia in 2023. Treatments were arranged in factorial with three replications. First factor was sorghum genotypes consisting of Kawali, Talaga Bodas, Numbu, Super-1, Samurai-1, Samurai 2, Suri, Cymit, GH-7, GH-8, dan P/F-10-90A, while second factor was GA3 concentrations consisting of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm. The results of the experiment indicated that the application of GA3 at the concentration of 50-75 ppm could increase the germination of artificially aged seeds of sorghum although the magnitude of germination enhancement depends on sorghum genotypes. Sorghum genotypes of Kawali, Samurai-2, PF-10/90-A and Super-1 were more responsive to GA3 application compared to other sorghum genotypes. It seems that there is relation between the increase in seed germination treated by GA3 application with the reduction in electrical conductivity (EC) of sorghum seeds.