bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aminoaciduria Resulting from Cycloleucine Administration in Man
Authors: Brown R. R.
Published: October 2006

Cycloleucine (1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid) administration in cancer patients resulted in a reversible marked aminoaciduria consisting predominantly of cystine, ornithine, lysine, and arginine, with only minor elevations of other amino acids. Plasma levels of amino acids were essentially unchanged except for slight decreases in ornithine and lysine. This aminoaciduria is most likely due to a blockage by the drug of the renal tubular reabsorption of cystine, ornithine, lysine, and arginine, resulting in an aminoaciduria of the type seen in cystinuria.
Morphological Changes in Human Scalp Hair Roots during Deprivation of Protein
Authors: Bradfield Robert B. , Bailey Marcelle A. , Margen Sheldon
Published: October 2006

Human subjects were deprived of protein for 15 days, after which time hair from the scalp of each subject was plucked and examined. Both the bulb and the external root sheath showed morphological changes. This technique may therefore be useful in diagnosing protein-calorie malnutrition.
Function of the Dorsal Motor Nucleus of the Vagus
Authors: Kerr Frederick W. L.
Published: October 2006

The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus was destroyed in cats. After periods of survival ranging from 9 to 44 days the response of heart, bronchi, esophagus, and duodenum to stimulation of the distal end of the cut cervical vagus was within the normal range or slightly depressed. It is concluded that the dorsal motor nucleus is not a major source of visceromotor fibers.
Deficient Complement Fixation by Aggregated Gamma Globulin from Hypogammaglobulinemic Patients
Authors: Pickering Richard J. , Hong Richard , Good Robert A.
Published: October 2006

We found that several normal samples of aggregated gamma globulin consistently fixed essentially equal amounts of guinea pig complement, while samples of gamma globulin from three of four hypogammaglobulinemic patients were markedly deficient in this biologic function. Thus, the previously observed limited heterogeneity of gamma globulin in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia is also associated with inefficiency in at least one biological function.
Virus of the California Encephalitis Complex: Isolation from
Culiseta inornata
Authors: Morgante Odosca , Shemanchuk Joseph A.
Published: October 2006

A virus of the California encephalitis complex was isolated from two pools of the mosquito
Culiseta inornata
, collected in mammalian burrows of Alberta during the summer of 1965. This is the first recorded isolation of California encephalitis virus from mosquitoes in Canada.
Specific Binding Activity of Isolated Light Chains of Antibodies
Authors: Yoo T. J. , Roholt O. A. , Pressman D.
Published: October 2006

Free light chains isolated from specifically purified antibody have been shown to bind specific hapten. This proves that part of the binding site does exist on the light chain. The light chains were obtained from antibody directed against the 4-azonaphthalene-1-sulfonate group, and the binding of the simple hapten 4-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate was determined by the fluorescence-enhancement technique. Since this hapten undergoes a striking increase in fluorescence on binding to light chains (and also on binding to specific antibody), the presence of small amounts of bound hapten could be determined, even in the presence of the high concentrations of unbound hapten required because of the low binding constant.
Deoxycytidylate and Deoxyguanylate Kinase Activity in Pneumococci after Exposure to Known Polyribonucleotides
Authors: Firshein William , Benson Ruth C. , Sease Margaret
Published: October 2006

Polycytidylic acid and to a lesser extent polyadenylic acid enhance the activity of deoxycytidylate and deoxyguanylate kinases in resting cell suspensions of encapsulated pneumococci. The active intracellular materials appear to be oligomers of A and C, respectively. The stimulation of the kinase activities is amino-acid dependent and can be abolished by the addition of chloramphenicol. The addition of all eight naturally occurring deoxyribonucleosides and deoxyribonucleotides to cell suspensions containing the homopolymers leads to a selective enhancement of DNA synthesis.
Magnetic Anomalies over the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 27°N
Authors: Phillips J. D.
Published: October 2006

Ten magnetic profiles across the mid-Atlantic ridge near 27°N show trends that are parallel to the ridge axis and symmetrical about the ridge axis. The configuration of magnetic bodies that could account for the pattern supports the Vine and Matthews hypothesis for the origin of magnetic anomalies over oceanic ridges. A polarity-reversal time scale inferred from models for sea-floor spreading in the Pacific-Antarctic ridge and radiometrically dated reversals of the geomagnetic field indicates a spreading rate of 1.25 centimeters per year during the last 6 million years and a rate of 1.65 centimeters per year between 6 and 10 million years ago. A similar analysis of more limited data over the mid-Atlantic ridge near 22°N also indicates a change in the spreading rate. Here a rate of 1.4 centimeters per year appears to have been in effect during the last 5 million years; between 5 and 9 million years ago, an increased rate of 1.7 centimeters per year is indicated. The time of occurrence and relative magnitude of these changes in the spreading rate, about 5 to 6 million years ago and 18 to 27 percent, respectively, accords with the spreading rate change implied for the Juan de Fuca ridge in the northeast Pacific.
Immunoglobulin A: Localization in Rectal Mucosal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Gelzayd Eugene A. , Kraft Sumner C. , Fitch Frank W.
Published: October 2006

Immunofluorescence studies with monospecific antiserums to human serum immunoglobulins consistently revealed immunoglobulin A within the apical portion of the cytoplasm of rectal mucosal epithelial cells in normal subjects, as well as in patients with various bowel diseases. Immunoglobulins M, G, and D were not demonstrated within mucosal epithelial cells. The predominance of lymphoid cells containing immunoglobulin A in the lamina propria of intestinal tissues was confirmed.
Ultrastructure of Thrombosthenin, the Contractile Protein of Human Blood Platelets
Authors: Zucker-Franklin Dorothea , Nachman Ralph L. , Marcus Aaron J.
Published: October 2006

Partially purified thrombosthenin with adenosine triphosphatase activity similar to that of actomyosin was subjected to electron microscopy. More than 50 percent of the material consisted of fibrils 80 to 100 angstroms in width. Occasional fibrils suggested a periodic structure. The morphology of isolated thrombosthenin resembled that of microfibrils in the cytoplasm and pseudopods of intact platelets.
Dietary Intake of Pesticide Chemicals
Authors: Duggan R. E. , Weatherwax J. R.
Published: October 2006

Residues of chlorinated organic pesticide chemicals were commonly found in all diet samples and all food classes within samples except beverages at a daily intake of 0.0014 mg per kilogram of body weight. Meat, fish, and poultry were the major source of pesticide residues and, when combined with dairy products, account for more than half of the intake of chlorinated organic pesticide chemicals. Fruits, garden fruits, and grain foods each accounted for about 10 percent of the intake of chlorinated pesticides. The DDT, its two analogs, dieldrin, lindane, and heptachlor epoxide account for 85 percent of the total intake of chlorinated pesticides. A single pesticide, DDT, accounts for one-third of the total. There was no statistically significant change in frequency or quantities of these compounds during this study. Frequency and quantities of the 14 additional chlorinated pesticides were too low to be meaningful.
Zeatin and Zeatin Riboside from a Mycorrhizal Fungus
Authors: Miller Carlos O.
Published: October 2006

The puffball fungus
Rhizopogon roseolus
produces and releases three cytokinins when it is cultured in liquid media. Two of these compounds have been isolated in crystalline form from such media and were found to have properties identical to those of synthetic zeatin and zeatin riboside.
Inhibition of Lipolytic Action of Growth Hormone and Glucocorticoid by Ultraviolet and X-Radiation
Authors: Fain John N.
Published: October 2006

Addition of catecholamines or growth hormone plus glucocorticoid activates lipolysis in isolated white-fat cells of the rat. If the fat cells were irradiated just before the addition of growth hormone and glucocorticoid, their lipolytic action was abolished. However, irradiation did not affect the activation of lipolysis by catecholamines.
Abundance of Type II Diamonds
Authors: Tolansky S. , Komatsu H.
Published: October 2006

More than 1300 natural microdiamonds, mostly averaging 0.0015 carat, were studied for transparency to ultraviolet radiation, λ2537. Of most of them, of this size, 16 percent were completely transparent (presumably type II); 27 percent, completely absorbent (presumably type I). The remainder transmitted partially. The number of type-II diamonds is unexpectedly very high; a considerable proportion of microdiamonds may begin life as type II, later incorporating absorbent type-I material.
Galactosyl Diglycerides: Their Possible Function in
Euglena
Chloroplasts
Authors: Rosenberg Abraham
Published: October 2006

Illumination of euglenas grown in the dark induces the formation of chloroplasts characterized by the simultaneous appearance of chlorophyll and galactosyl diglycerides in a relatively fixed ratio. The fatty acyl chains of the galactosyl diglycerides are constructed so that they can provide a stable lock-and-key fit with the phytol chains of chlorophyll in such a way as to localize the porphyrin structures of chlorophyll and space them for efficient photoreception. Light-starved photobiotic euglenas show chloroplast shrinkage with a concurrent partial loss of galactosyl diglycerides.
Human Food from Ocean and Land
Authors: Emery K. O. , Iselin C. O'D.
Published: October 2006

The figures in Table 1 yield some interesting results. The total annual value of food and mineral resources taken from the ocean is $8.3 billion, in contrast to $309 billion from the land. Using the land value as the yardstick, if the annual value of produce from the ocean were in ratio to the area relationship of ocean and land, the ocean potential would be $750 billion; the actual recovery for 1964 was only 1.1 percent of that potential. This very low percentage is the basis for either great optimism for the future development of the ocean (on the basis of unrealized potential), or great pessimism (on the basis of high costs compared with further development of land resources, or present exploitation to near the limit of productivity).
Oxygenation Properties of Snake Hemoglobin
Authors: Sullivan Bolling
Published: October 2006

Natrix taxispilota
hemoglobin has a very high oxygen affinity which depends upon
p
H in an unusual manner. The oxygen affinity increases slightly upon protein dilution, but the
pK's
of the Bohr groups are unchanged. Oxidation promotes hemoglobin polymerization, which can be inhibited by prior treatment with iodoacetamide. Reaction with iodoacetamide also causes a slight increase in the oxygen affinity, no change in the
pK's
of the Bohr groups, and a drastic reduction in heme-heme interaction.
Antibiotics in the Laboratory-Rearing of Cecropia Silkworms
Authors: Riddiford Lynn M.
Published: October 2006

A mixture of aureomycin and kanamycin prevents a fatal intestinal infection that usually occurs in all cecropia silkworms reared in the laboratory. Thus, for the first time, laboratory experimentation with these larvae and with those of other wild silkworms is practical.
Otolithic Membranes of the Saccule and Utricle in Man
Authors: Johnsson Lars-Göran , Hawkins Joseph E.
Published: October 2006

The otolithic membranes of the human saccule and utricle can be prepared as whole mounts or surface specimens for microscopic examination. They are not simple, homogeneous, gelatinous structures as heretofore described. Instead, each shows a definite and characteristic fibrillar design, which appears to be correlated with the known cytoarchitectural pattern of the underlying neuroepithelium.
Serum Alpha Globulin Fraction: Survival-and-Recovery Effect in Irradiated Mice
Authors: Hanna M. G. , Nettesheim P. , Fisher W. D. , Peters Leona C. , Francis Mary W.
Published: October 2006

An alpha macroglobulin fraction (19
S
) was isolated from the serum of rats and BC
3
F
1
mice by zonal ultracentrifugation. Both the isologous and heterologous macroglobulin fractions increased survival among BC
3
F
1
mice x-irradiated with 750 roentgens. The mouse macroglobulin fraction also enhanced radiation recovery of hematopoietic tissue as measured by colony-forming assay and iron-59 incorporation into erythropoietic cells. The overall difference in hematopoietic activity in the irradiated (400 roentgens) mice treated with the macroglobulin fraction, in comparison with this activity in the controls, was three- to fivefold in the bone marrow and nine- to tenfold in the spleen between days 4 and 7 after irradiation. This effect was not obtained with the isologous serum protein fraction containing proteins of smaller molecular weight.
Evolution of the Earth's Atmosphere
Authors: Rasool S. I.
Published: October 2006

We living things are a late outgrowth of the metabolism of our Galaxy. The carbon that enters so importantly into our composition was cooked in the remote past in a dying star. From it at lower temperatures nitrogen and oxygen were formed. These, our indispensable elements, were spewed out into space in the exhalations of red giants and such stellar catastrophes as supernovae, there to be mixed with hydrogen, to form eventually the substance of the sun and planets, and ourselves. The waters of ancient seas set the pattern of ions in our blood. The ancient atmospheres molded our metabolism.
Chemical Bonding Information from Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Fadley C. S. , Hagström S. B. M. , Hollander J. M. , Klein M. P. , Shirley D. A.
Published: October 2006

High-resolution measurements of photoelectrons produced by x-rays in compounds of iodine and europium have revealed chemical shifts in the core-level energies, from which chemical bonding information can be obtained. The observed shifts, 0.8 electron volt per unit change in oxidation number in iodine and 9.6 electron volts in europium, are discussed in terms of two theoretical models.
Actinomycin D Effect on Amino Acid Absorption from Rat Jejunal Loops
Authors: Yamada Chisae , Clark A. J. , Swendseid Marian E.
Published: October 2006

The absorption of amino acids from jejunal loops was suppressed in anesthetized rats treated previously with 1.0 or 1.5 micrograms of actinomycin D per gram of body weight. The absorption of the acidic, neutral, and basic amino acids showed selective differences in response that were relative to the degree of inhibition and to the time interval required to demonstrate actinomycin sensitivity.
Capillary-Tube Scanner for Mechanized Microbiology
Authors: Bowman Robert L. , Blume Philip , Vurek Gerald G.
Published: October 2006

Growing microcolonies of bacteria can be detected by their light-scattering property. We have described a system in which growing bacteria in glass capillaries filled with nutrient agar are counted as the capillaries move through a narrow beam of light. Increased counts after incubation indicate the presence of viable organisms in the original sample; the equipment can detect colonies when they grow to a diameter of 8 μm. Aerobic, anaerobic, and facultative organisms can grow in the capillary environment. The sensitivities of several organisms to antibiotics were determined by adding antibiotics to the agar before the capillaries were filled.
Superconducting Magnets in High-Energy Physics
Authors: Derrick M.
Published: October 2006

The promise of superconductivity making possible large magnets that dissipate no power is now being realized. Most of the early difficulties have been overcome; hence it is now a straight-forward engineering problem to design and build a large stable supermagnet. The application of such magnets to research in high-energy physics can be expected to grow rapidly in the next few years.
Geological Exploration in an East Coast Submarine Canyon from a Research Submersible
Authors: Trumbull James V. A. , McCamis Marvin J.
Published: October 2006

Large talus blocks litter the flat floor of Oceanographer Canyon at a depth of 1460 meters; they indicate down-axis mass transport of floor sediment at an unknown time and rate. From 1460 to 1310 meters the sidewall is covered by unconsolidated sediment lying at 35° to 40° from the horizontal. An outcrop of Pleistocene or younger sediment at 1460 meters is probably a remnant of a former fill.
Iodine Determined in Purified Thyrocalcitonin
Authors: Blanquet Paul , Croizet Madeleine , Moura Anne-marie , Dumora Francine , Baghdiantz Alexandre
Published: October 2006

Thyrocalcitonin has been suspected of containing iodine, because its analytical behavior and method of extraction are similar to that of iodinated peptides. The iodine content of increasingly pure thyrocalcitonin extracts was determined by two methods, Kolthoff's procedure and activation analysis, with good agreement. A possible link between calcium and iodine metabolism is suggested by these findings.
Anesthetization of Porpoises for Major Surgery
Authors: Ridgway Sam H. , McCormick James G.
Published: October 2006

Comparison of three porpoises (
Tursiops truncatus
and
Lagenorhynchus obliquidens
) given nitrous oxide with 18 given halothane, with complete documentation of reflexes and comprehensive physiological monitoring, showed halothane to be a suitable anesthetic for major surgery while nitrous oxide was found to be inadequate. In addition, sodium thiopental administered intravenously was successfully used to facilitate intubation procedures. This development eliminated the need to intubate awake porpoises.
Motivated Forgetting Mediated by Implicit Verbal Chaining: A Laboratory Analog of Repression
Authors: Glucksberg Sam , King Lloyd J.
Published: October 2006

After learning an
A-B
paired-associates list, college students read a list of
D
words, several of which were consistently accompanied by unavoidable electric shock. The
D
words were members of implicit
B-C, C-D
chains, inferred from published word-association norms. In a subsequent recall test of the original
A-B
list, the
B
words that were implicitly associated with the shocked
D
words were forgotten significantly more often than control words.
Ecological Ectocrines in Experimental Epidemiology
Authors: Schneider Howard A.
Published: October 2006

I have attempted to sketch the ideas forged in a long-term investigation of the possible relationship between host nutrition and resistance to infection. Our endeavor had its origins in the now partially forgotten field of experimental epidemiology, once epitomized in somewhat contrasting schools of thought, English and American. The work of Webster, which showed the importance of host genetic constitution, was an early and decisive influence in the work discussed here, and led to formulation of a new laboratory model of infectious disease, which has been fruitful.
Surveyor V
Authors: Jaffe Leonard D. , Steinbacher Robert H.
Published: October 2006

Surveyor V has provided the first direct chemical analysis of the lunar surface. In addition, the amount of ferromagnetic material was measured. More than 18,000 television pictures were taken, and a variety of scientific data were obtained.
Repair of Damaged DNA in a Eucaryotic Cell:
Tetrahymena pyriformis
Authors: Brunk C. F. , Hanawalt P. C.
Published: October 2006

Damage induced by ultraviolet light or x-rays to the DNA of a eucaryotic organism,
Tetrahymena pyriformis
, is repaired by a process similar to the repair system present in bacteria. This repair process, which involves defect excision and subsequent resynthesis of the damaged section of DNA, occurs in the dark. Photoreactivation of damage induced by ultraviolet light is also indicated by a reduction in observed repair synthesis. An improved method for detecting repair synthesis is described. Repair synthesis is measured in parental DNA strands isolated from cultures that have undergone normal DNA replication after the repair process.
Isoprenoid and Dicarboxylic Acids Isolated from Colorado Green River Shale (Eocene)
Authors: Haug Pat , Schnoes H. K. , Burlingame A. L.
Published: October 2006

Isolation of the C
9
and C
10
isoprenoid carboxylic acids, the C
12
to C
18
α,ω-dicarboxylic acids, and the 2-methyl 1,
n
-dicarboxylic acids (
n
is 13, 15, and 16) from organic extract of the Colorado Green River shale (Eocene) is reported. Separation was achieved by column and gas-liquid chromatographic techniques and structural identification of individual components, by mass spectrometry.
Tree Ring Indices: A Circumpolar Comparison
Authors: Haugen Richard K.
Published: October 2006

A graphic and statistical comparison of major trends in tree ring indices representative of interior Alaska, northern Urals, northern Scandinavia, and Labrador indicates a highly significant correlation for most 50-year intervals between 1650 and the present. This is suggestive of similarities in trends of summer temperature on a circumpolar scale.
Colostral Immunoglobulin-A: Synthesis in vitro of T-Chain by Rabbit Mammary Gland
Authors: Asofsky Richard , Small Parker A.
Published: October 2006

When minced mammary tissue from lactating rabbits was incubated in vitro with C
14
-labeled lysine and isoleucine, it incorporated radioactivity into colostral immunoglobulin A. The only portion of this colostral molecule with significant labeling was T-chain, with little or no labeling of light or heavy chains. It was thus demonstrated that T-chains are synthesized by mammary gland. Because the remainder of the molecule was derived from unlabeled material, in vivo it was probably derived from serum.
Academic Research: Foster Defends DoD Support in Universities
Authors: Foster John S.
Published: October 2006

The United States has evolved a pattern of association between our universities and the Department of Defense. This association has led to major achievements in science and engineering, and has strengthened both national security and the national academic research base. Those who would make sweeping changes in this successfully evolving pattern should consider the whole case, all of the consequences for the country, from the many points of view. The issues must be tested in the larger context of all support to academic research, and the entire range of national groups and goals.
Radio Sources in the Vicinity of Source M 31
Authors: Varsavsky Carlos M.
Published: October 2006

The region α (right ascension) equal to 23
h
50
m
to 01
h
30
m
, δ (declination) 39°20′ to 40°40′ has been observed at 195 and 430 megahertz with the 1000-foot (300 m) telescope of the Arecibo Ionospheric Observatory. Eighteen sources from the Ohio Catalogue and source 3C 13 are contained in this region. We conclude that the sources have straight-line spectra with indices between -0.4 and -0.9 and that they are probably not associated with M 31, except those within the optical limit of the nebula.
Staurolite: Sectoral Compositional Variations
Authors: Hollister Lincoln S. , Bence A. E.
Published: October 2006

Electron-microprobe analyses across six successive sections of a single staurolite crystal show that the staurolite has three crystallographically controlled sectors, each with a distinctive content of Al, Si, Ti, Fe, Mg, and Mn. The sector distribution of elements raises the question of whether the staurolite acts as one or several phases during growth. Total analyses of the separate sectors suggest that: (i) the staurolite has tetrahedral Al substitution for Si, and (ii) the hydroxyl content varies between sectors.
Chromosome Abnormality in Rat Leukemia Induced by 7,12-Dimethylbenz[
a
]anthracene
Authors: Sugiyama Taketoshi , Kurita Yoshinori , Nishizuka Yasuaki
Published: October 2006

A high percentage of consistent chromosome abnormality, trisomy of the longest telocentric chromosome, was found in leukemias induced in rats of the Long-Evans strain by pulse doses of 7,12-dimethylbenz[
a
]anthracene. Cells with this abnormality were large, immature, and mononuclear and tended toward erythroblastic maturation.
Chondritic Meteorites and the Lunar Surface
Authors: O'Keefe John A. , Scott Ronald F.
Published: October 2006

The landing dynamics of and soil penetration by Surveyor I indicated that the lunar soil has a porosity in the range 0.35 to 0.45. Experiments with Surveyor III's surface sampler for soil mechanics show that the lunar soil is approximately incompressible (as the word is used in soil mechanics) and that it has an angle of internal friction of 35 to 37 degrees; these results likewise point to a porosity of 0.35 to 0.45 for the lunar soil. Combination of these porosity measurements with the already-determined radar reflectivity fixes limits to the dielectric constant of the grains of the lunar soil. The highest possible value is about 5.9, relative to vacuum; a more plausible value is near 4.3. Either figure is inconsistent with the idea that the lunar surface is covered by chondritic meteorites or other ultrabasic rocks. The data point to acid rocks, or possibly vesicular basalts; carbonaceous chondrites are not excluded.
Sodium and Potassium Effects on Skeletal Muscle Microsomal Adenosine Triphosphatase and Calcium Uptake
Authors: Rubin Bonnie B. , Katz Arnold M.
Published: October 2006

The relationship between the (Na
+
and K
+
)-activated adenosine triphosphatase enzyme system implicated in sodium-transport by cell membranes and the calcium-activated adenosine triphosphatase, which is generally associated with calcium uptake, was examined in microsomes from skeletal muscle. Whereas sodium and potassium did not modify the relatively low adenosine triphosphatase activity seen in the absence of calcium, a pattern similar to that of the sodium-transport enzyme system was seen after the addition of CaCl
2
. The calcium-activated adenosine triphosphatase was stimulated equally by sodium or potassium alone, but both the rate and extent of calcium uptake were enhanced more by potassium than by sodium at concentrations below 0.12 mole per liter. In the absence of either of these ions addition of calcium failed to activate adenosine triphosphatase although significant amounts of calcium were taken up by the microsomes.
A Direct Synaptic Connection Mediating Both Excitation and Inhibition
Authors: Wachtel Howard , Kandel Eric R.
Published: October 2006

Neurons have generally been thought to produce only one synaptic action on any particular cell which they innervate. An identified interneuron in the abdominal ganglion of
Aplysia
mediates both direct excitation and inhibition to an identified follower cell. At low firing rates the interneuron produces excitatory postsynaptic potentials; however at higher firing rates these gradually diminish in size and eventually invert to inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. Electrophysiological and pharmacological evidence indicates that the connection between these cells is monosynaptic, and that a single transmitter, acetylcholine, mediates both actions. These opposite synaptic responses appear to result from the transmitter's acting on two types of postsynaptic receptors having different thresholds for activation and different susceptibilities for desensitization.
Ultraviolet Spectra of Stars
Authors: Underhill Anne B. , Morton Donald C.
Published: October 2006

According to theories of model stellar atmospheres only stars of spectral types from O to about B3 may be expected to be bright in the ultraviolet-wavelength region. Observations of the strong resonance lines between 911.6 and 1900 Å will yield new information permitting construction of better models for the outermost layers of OB stars. However, an adequate theory of line-formation, including non-l.t.e. effects, should be used if an accurate physical representation is to result. Already it has been demonstrated beyond doubt that O and B0 supergiants are surrounded by expanding atmospheres.
Concanavalin A Reaction with Human Normal Immunoglobulin G and Myeloma Immunoglobulin G
Authors: Leon Myron A.
Published: October 2006

Concanavalin A precipitated less than 5 percent of immunoglobulin G from human serum. It reacted with all of 42 myeloma serums of the immunoglobulin G type tested, but no more than approximately 50 percent of the total myeloma protein was ever precipitated. The fact that not all of the protein was precipitated and that the amounts precipitated varied from serum to serum may be interpreted as demonstrating heterogeneity of the carbohydrate in these myeloma proteins. Other glycoproteins precipitated by concanavalin A were identified, and subsequently separated from concanavalin A by chromatography.
Carbohydrate Supply as a Regulator of Rat Liver Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Activity
Authors: Shrago Earl , Young Jerry W. , Lardy Henry A.
Published: October 2006

Administration of glucose, fructose, and glycerol to fasted rats produced a significant depression of liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity within 4 to 8 hours; galactose and ribose were much less effective. All the compounds yielded appreciable quantities of liver glycogen. The depression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity by glucose and glycerol was diminished by the concomitant administration of 2-deoxyglucose. The latter depressed glycogen formation from administered carbohydrate in muscle but not in liver. In rats made diabetic by alloxan, depression of elevated phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity by insulin was dependent upon a dietary source of carbohydrate. These results were interpreted to indicate that depression of certain gluconeogenic enzymes after carbohydrate ingestion is initiated by the metabolism of carbohydrate in some extrahepatic site.
Phage Lambda Mutants Deficient in
r
II
Exclusion
Authors: Howard Bruce D.
Published: October 2006

The lambda gene responsible for
r
II
exclusion is distinct from other lambda genes and lies between the
N
and
C
I
genes on the genetic map.
Venus: An Upper Limit on Intrinsic Magnetic Dipole Moment Based on Absence of a Radiation Belt
Authors: Van Allen J. A. , Krimgis S. M. , Frank L. A. , Armstrong T. P.
Published: October 2006

On the basis of the absence of energetic electrons (
E
e
> 45 kiloelectron volts) and protons (
E
p
> 320 kiloelectron volts) associated with Venus to within a radial distance of 10,150 kilometers from the center of the planet and using a physical similitude argument and the observational and theoretical knowledge of the magnetosphere of Earth, we conclude that the intrinsic magnetic dipole moment of Venus is almost certainly less than 0.01 and probably less than 0.001 of that of Earth. Corresponding upper limits on the magnetic field at the equatorial surface of Venus are about 350 and 35 × x 10
-5
gauss, respectively.
Fallout from the Chinese Nuclear Explosion of 17 June 1967
Authors: Reynolds M. A. , Swindle D. L. , Wright R. J. , Kuroda P. K.
Published: October 2006

Low-level activities of iodine-131, barium-140, and strontium-89 were found in a series of rain samples collected at Fayetteville, Arkansas, during the period from late June through August 1967. The ratios of these short-lived isotopes to strontium-90 were determined as accurately as possible. The data indicate that the debris from the Chinese nuclear explosion was injected primarily into the stratosphere.
Collagen Synthesis by Cells Synchronously Replicating DNA
Authors: Davies Lois M. , Priest Jean H. , Priest Robert E.
Published: October 2006

Replication and the performance of a differentiated function have been considered antagonistic processes. When cells in culture are partially synchronized with 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (FUdR), the synthesis of the specialized protein (collagen) is not reduced during chromosomal replication (S period). Collagen synthesis varies with general protein synthesis through the S period.
Durum-Type Wheat with High Bread-Making Quality
Authors: Kaltsikes P. J. , Evans L. E. , Bushuk W.
Published: October 2006

A durum-type wheat (2
n
= 4
x
= 28) with high bread-making quality was produced by crossing a durum-wheat variety with a common bread-wheat variety (2
n
= 6
x
= 42), backcrossing to the bread-wheat variety for three generations, and then selecting for 28-chromosome plants. The high quality is tentatively attributed to a translocation involving one of the D-genome chromosomes.
Hexokinase Isoenzymes in Human Erythrocytes
Authors: Kaplan Jean-Claude , Beutler Ernest
Published: October 2006

The electrophoretic mobility of hexokinase from human erythrocytes and other tissues was studied with a new method that depends on the fluorescence of reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate for detecting enzyme activity on starch gel. The hexokinase of cord-blood erythrocytes has slightly different electrophoretic properties from that of adult red cells. Type I enzyme is split into type I
A
and type I
F
; the latter is more intense in cord blood; in hemolyzates of adult blood, the activity of the two bands is usually about equal. No type II enzyme was found in cord blood. The double type I band was present in red cells from adult rabbits.
Pallasitic Meteorites: Implications Regarding the Deep Structure of Asteroids
Authors: Buseck Peter R. , Goldstein Joseph I.
Published: October 2006

Olivine compositions in pallasites exhibit a bimodal distribution and indicate a high degree of internal equilibrium. Cooling rates measured in the metal phases are uniform and consistently lower than those of most iron meteorites. These factors suggest that the pallasites were derived from few parent bodies, and that they crystallized in a highly insulated site-presumably the core of their parent body. Most iron meteorites were derived either from isolated areas closer to the surface or from other parent bodies.
Pregnancy Following Coital-Induced Ovulation in a Spontaneous Ovulator
Authors: Zarrow M. X. , Campbell P. S. , Clark J. H.
Published: October 2006

Ovulation induced in the immature rat by pregnant mare's serum can be prevented by chlorpromazine. Coitus induces ovulation in such animals, and ovulation so induced may result in pregnancy. Both implantation and pregnancy appear to be normal although the duration of gestation may be prolonged. Decidual response also is produced in the immature rat after coitus-induced ovulation. We suggest that the reflex release of luteinizing hormone may occur in Primates after coitus.
Intracerebral Saline: Effect on Memory of Trained Mice Treated with Puromycin
Authors: Flexner Louis B. , Flexner Josefa B.
Published: October 2006

It was shown that puromycin administered to mice 1 or more days after maze-learning blocks expression of memory; the blockage can be removed by intracerebral injections of saline. We present evidence that intracerebral injections of saline are relatively ineffective in restoring memory when puromycin is administered either before or immediately after training; in these two situations puromycin appears to interfere with consolidation of memory.
Leukemia Virus Suppression of Antibody-Forming Cells: Ultrastructure of Infected Spleens
Authors: Chan Gloria , Rancourt Martha W. , Ceglowski Walter S. , Friedman Herman
Published: October 2006

Infection of adult BALB/c mice with Friend disease virus results in a leukemia-like disease characterized by erythropoietic changes and splenomegaly. A marked depression of formation of cellular and serum antibody occurs in infected animals. Electron-microscopic examination of the ultrastructure of spleen sections from infected mice with depressed immunity revealed that virus particles can be detected only in immature blastlike lymphoid cells and not in plasmocytes characteristic of the immune response in spleens of noninfected mice immunized with sheep erythrocytes.
Phenol Oxidases of a Lozenge Mutant of
Drosophila
Authors: Peeples E. Edward , Barnett Don R. , Oliver Clarence P.
Published: October 2006

Monophenol oxidase (or tyrosinase-A
1
) activity appears to be absent from extracts from pupae of homozygous lozenge-glossy (

lz
g

/

lz
g

) females and (

lz
g

/♂) males of
Drosophila melanogaster
. Diphenol oxidase (tyrosinase-A
2
) activity is less in the mutant extracts than in extracts of wild-type Oregon-R pupae of the same age and sex.
Composite Membranes: The Permeation of Gases through Deposited Monolayers
Authors: Rose G. D. , Quinn J. A.
Published: October 2006

We have measured permeabilities of deposited monolayers of stearic acid varying in thickness from 8 to 48 deposited layers. These results are compared with permeabilities of polymeric films and insoluble monolayers. The technique may have applicability in the fabrication of synthetic membranes.
Immunologic Defenses against Metastases: Impairment by Excision of an Allotransplanted Lymphoma
Authors: Gershon Richard K. , Carter Richard L. , Kondo Kazunari
Published: October 2006

Hamsters grafted with an allotransplantable lymphoma that does not metastasize develop a state of concomitant immunity which renders them refractory to reinoculation with cells of the same tumor. Removal of the tumor 7 days after transplantation rapidly leads to a decrease in immunity, the production of enhancing antibodies, and the appearance of metastatic deposits which are probably derived from preexisting tumor cells in the blood and lymphoid tissues.
Alpha Tocopherol Control of Sexuality and Polymorphism in the Rotifer
Asplanchna
Authors: Gilbert John J. , Thompson Guy A.
Published: October 2006

A dietary component that initiates both the transition from parthenogenetic to sexual reproduction and the production of lateral, posterodorsal, and posterior outgrowths of the body wall of females was isolated from the neutral lipids of dried grass and identified as α-tocopherol. The smallest concentrations eliciting both responses were below 100 nanograms per milliliter. Relative activities of α-, β -, and γ-tocopherol and α-tocopherylquinone were roughly 100 : 100 : 20 : 0.4. The synthetic antioxidants tested were without activity.
Hemoglobin Rainier (β
145
Tyrosine → Histidine): Alkali-Resistant Hemoglobin with Increased Oxygen Affinity
Authors: Stamatoyannopoulos George , Yoshida Akira , Adamson John , Heinenberg Sigrid
Published: October 2006

Hemoglobin Rainier, a new hemoglobin variant associated with erythrocytosis, was found in six members of a Caucasian family. Structurally, it represents substitution of histidine for the invariant residue H23 tyrosine in the β-hemoglobin polypeptide chain (β
145
tyrosine → histidine). Hemoglobin Rainier is the first example of a single amino acid substitution in adult human hemoglobin, causing increased resistance to alkali denaturation.
Palinspastic Restoration Suggesting Late Paleozoic North Atlantic Rifting
Authors: Webb Gregory W.
Published: October 2006

Palinspastic restoration of sinistral wrench faults in Britain and of dextral wrenches in Canada, starting with the palinspastic pre-continental-drift map, implies the possibility of as much as 424 kilometers of rifting between Newfoundland and Ireland. The wrench-faulting and postulated resultant rifting are of Devonian and Carboniferous age.
Transamination of Aminoalkylphosphonic Acids with Alpha Ketoglutarate
Authors: Roberts Eugene , Simonsen Daisy G. , Horiguchi Masaaki , Kittredge James S.
Published: October 2006

Dialyzed homogenates prepared from
Escherichia coli
,
Tetrahymena pyriformis
, sea anemone (
Anthopleura elegantissima
), and mouse liver were tested for ability to transaminate 17 aminoalkylphosphonic acids with α-ketoglutarate. 2-Aminoethylphosphonic acid (2-AEP), which occurs naturally in
Tetrahymena
and anemone, was transaminated by these latter organisms more than any of the substances tested, but not by preparations from liver or
E. coli
. 3-Aminopropylphosphonic acid was transaminated by all preparations, but much less by
Tetrahymena
or anemone than was 2-AEP. 2-Amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid was transaminated by all preparations. 2-Amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid was transaminated by three of the preparations, but not by liver. Of the other 13 substances tested, the following gave positive results: DL-1,2-diaminoethylphosphonic acid with
E. coli
, DL-1,2-diaminoethylphosphonic and aminomethylphosphonic acids with
Tetrahymena
, DL-1-aminopropylphosphonic acid with anemone, and DL-1-aminoethylphosphonic and DL-1-aminobutylphosphonic acids with liver. The significance of these transaminations is discussed.
Larval-Pupal Transformation: Control by Juvenile Hormone
Authors: Sehnal František , Meyer Andre S.
Published: October 2006

Purified extract of juvenile hormone from the cecropia silkmoth prevents the transformation of larva to pupa in
Galleria
. The injected extract acts independently of the insect's own corpora allata. A morphological response occurs only when juvenile hormone remains in the body from the time of injection until the end of the period in which any cells are still sensitive to the hormone. The extent of the effect depends upon the age at which the larva receives the injection. The maximum effect (perfect superlarva) is produced when the extract is provided not later than in the first third of the instar.
Adoptive Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Inbred Guinea Pigs: Immunological and Histological Aspects
Authors: Stone Sanford H. , Lerner Edwin M. , Goode Julius H.
Published: October 2006

Major variables which determine the induction and severity of adoptive autoimmune encephalomyelitis are the age and strain of the animal, and the amount of killed mycobacteria in the adjuvant. Control of these factors results in consistent production of this disease in high incidence and in severe form. The pathologic changes in the central nervous system can be correlated with the clinical disease. Maturity of the target tissues in the central nervous system of the newborn appears to be an important factor which distinguishes the response of the guinea pig from that of other species.
Tetraethylammonium Chloride as an Antidote for Certain Insecticides in Mice
Authors: Andrews Theresa L. , Miskus Raymond P.
Published: October 2006

In tests on mice, tetraethylammonium chloride (TEAC) was superior to atropine sulfate as an antidote for some carbamate insecticides and nicotine; it did not produce the traumatic and sometimes fatal reactions caused by atropine sulfate, although injections of the two antidotes provided equal protection against lethal oral doses of the carbamates Zectran, NIA-10242, and Lannate. The effects of TEAC were not evaluated against the carbamates Sevin and Baygon because acute oral toxicity values could not be determined. Results with Matacil were inconclusive. Tetraethylammonium chloride was not an effective antidote against the organophosphate Parathion, but its use fully eliminates the effects of nicotine intoxication.
Cerebral G
M1
-Gangliosidosis: Chemical Pathology of Visceral Organs
Authors: Suzuki Kunihiko
Published: October 2006

The livers and spleens from three patients with cerebral G
M1
-gangliosidosis contained greatly increased concentrations of a mucopolysaccharide tentatively identified as keratan sulfate. The concentration of a very soluble sialomucopolysaccharide was also increased. Concentrations of these compounds were not increased in the viscera of patients with Tay-Sachs disease (G
M2
-gangliosidosis). G
M1
-gangliosidosis appears to be a combined cerebral gangliosidosis and visceral mucopolysaccharidosis.
Deamino-oxytocin: Inactivation by Plasma of Women in Labor
Authors: Branda L. A. , Ferrier B. M. , Archimaut G. , Marchelli E. A. , Rucanski B.
Published: October 2006

Incubation of deamino-oxytocin with plasma obtained from women in labor reduced the potency of this analog of oxytocin when assayed on an isolated strip of mammary gland taken from a lactating rat. Plasmas of nonpregnant women had no detectable effect on this activity of deamino-oxytocin, and the effect of plasmas from women just previous to the beginning of labor was not significant. The original activities of the incubated deamino-oxytocin solutions could be restored by treatment with hydrogen peroxide. The inactivation may be caused by reductive cleavage of the disulfide bridge of deamino-oxytocin, this bridge being reformed by oxidation.
Dikaryosis: Genetic Determination in
Schizophyllum
Authors: Koltin Yigal , Raper John R.
Published: October 2006

A dominant gene,
dik
+
, has been identified as responsible for the establishment of the dikaryon in the basidiomycetous fungus
Schizophyllum commune
. Interaction between compatible homokaryons, both of which carry the recessive allele
dik
, leads to the formation of a diploid mycelium that closely resembles the homokaryon in morphology.
Selection for Higher Fitness in Populations of
Drosophila pseudoobscura
Authors: Marinkovic Dragoslav
Published: October 2006

Four laboratory populations, each consisting of flies homozygous for a wild second chromosome, were maintained in population cages. Three of them were initially characterized by low fecundity of the females; the fourth was a control. After 15 months, in all three populations with low fecundity this character was much improved; two of them, have reached the control level. The changes observed were presumably due to mutation and selection under highly competitive conditions.
Electrically Supported Column of Liquid
Authors: Raco Roland J.
Published: October 2006

Application of an electric field normal to the interface of certain liquids causes a liquid column of uniform diameter to be formed parallel to the electric field. A column of amyl alcohol supported in air by a high voltage was investigated experimentally; the diameter of the column varied as the voltage raised to the 3.5 power.
Germ Cell Chimerism: Absence in Parabiotic Frogs
Authors: Volpe E. Peter , Curtis Sherill
Published: October 2006

Embryos of the leopard frog deprived of primordial germ cells by treatment with ultraviolet light were joined in parabiosis with normal, unirradiated embryos. The irradiated member of the pair was not colonized by germ cells from its normal partner. Unlike the primordial germ cells of birds and mammals, the germ cells of frog embryos are not carried by the circulating blood.
Optical Pulse of a Periodic Radio Star
Authors: Duthie J. G. , Sturch C. , Hafner E. M.
Published: October 2006

The pulsating radio star reported by Hewish
et al.
has been studied in the blue region of the optical spectrum and found to have a pulse amplitude less than 10 percent of the photon count expected for 18th magnitude. No upper limit to a sinusoidal oscillation less than or equal to a complete modulation can be set.
Plasma 3
S
γ1
-Globulin: Identity with Erythrocyte Carbonic Anhydrase B
Authors: Gitlin David , Boesman Mary , Schmid Karl , Vuopio Pekka
Published: October 2006

The 3
S
γ1
, 2
S
γ2
, and 0.5
S
γ2
fractions of human plasma are heterogeneous in protein composition. Although each fraction contained a relatively small amount of protein antigenically related to the immunoglobulin light chains, most of the proteins were unrelated to immunogloublin G or its light chains. Of the 3
S
γ1
-globulins the greater part was immunochemically identical to carbonic anhydrase B and had carbonic anhydrase activity. These findings explain earlier reports of an immunochemical similarity between 3
S
γ1
-globulins and immunoglobulin light chains in spite of marked differences in amino acid and peptide composition between the two. Apparently not all plasma γ-globulins are necessarily immunoglobulins.