bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sociolinguistic development in a diverse, multilinguistic environment: Evidence from multilingual children in Gujarat, India
Authors: Foushee Ruthe , Regan Sophie , Baharloo Roya , Srinivasan Mahesh
Published: November 2023

In today's pluralistic societies, children regularly acquire multiple languages and are exposed to an even larger set of languages spoken by others in their environment. Yet despite the prevalence of multilingualism globally, most research on sociolinguistic development has focused on monolingual children in environments with relatively little linguistic diversity, and as such has left questions of what children take different languages to socially signify largely unaddressed. The present study aimed to fill this gap by tracing the development of social inferences about different languages among 129 multilingual 7- to 13-year-olds in Gujarat, India. Contrary to the prediction that children in multilingual contexts should be unlikely to make stereotyping inferences about a person speaking a language (e.g., because they might expect the person to know additional languages), children in our sample selectively linked the different languages and language varieties that we probed (Gujarati, Marathi, Hindi, Urdu, Tamil, American English, Indian English, and Mandarin Chinese) with different social dimensions---including facial appearance, geographic origin, religion, and wealth. Children's responses generally reflected associations grounded in real-world regularities, but also reflected some associations that do not have a real-world basis (e.g., judging that Indian English speakers tend to be white, Christian, and originate from outside of India). Older children were also more likely to predict different languages to be differentially learnable by individuals of specific ethnicities, exhibiting a kind of essentialist belief. We discuss our findings in light of the sociolinguistic study of personae.
What do we mean when we talk about socioeconomic status (SES)? Implications for measurement, mechanisms, and interventions from a critical review of the literature on child and adolescent mental health.
Authors: Zaneva Mirela , Dumbalska Tsvetomira , Reeves Aaron , Bowes Lucy
Published: November 2023

Low socioeconomic status (SES) is a well-established risk factor for general and mental health problems. However, there is no widely accepted definition or operationalization for SES, leading to varied interpretations in research. In a critical review of the child and adolescent mental health literature, we map how SES is defined and measured. We examined 334 relevant papers from 2013 -2024 and found a significant variability in the operationalization of SES. Our analysis revealed fundamental problems such as the lack of clear definitions, insufficient detail on variables used, and limited measures directly reported by adolescents. We discuss issues related to measurement techniques and their impact on reproducibility, policy development, and intervention design. Based on our findings, we recommend using SES measures that directly assess the socioeconomic position of children and adolescents. Additionally, we recommend researchers improve transparency and specificity in reporting the measures used and the rationale behind their selection. The wide range of distinct measures used to represent SES, coupled with insufficient reporting, likely hampers our understanding of which underlying factors truly drive observed effects and impedes the establishment of causal relationships. This, in turn, makes the path to effective health interventions more challenging.
Modifiable dementia risk factors associated with objective and subjective cognition
Authors: Rosická Anna Marie , Teckentrup Vanessa , Fittipaldi Sol , Ibanez Agustin , Pringle Andrew , Gallagher Eoghan , Hanlon Anna , Claus Nathalie , McCrory Cathal , lawlor brian , Naci Lorina , Gillan Claire
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION: Early detection of both objective and subjective cognitive impairment is important. Subjective complaints in healthy individuals can precede objective deficits. However, the differential associations of objective and subjective cognition with modifiable dementia risk factors are unclear.METHODS: We gathered a large cross-sectional sample (N=3,342, age 18–84) via smartphone app and quantified the associations of 13 risk factors with subjective memory problems and three objective measures of executive function (visual working memory, cognitive flexibility, model-based planning).RESULTS: Depression, socioeconomic status, hearing handicap, loneliness, education, smoking, tinnitus, less exercise, smaller social network, stroke, diabetes, and hypertension were all associated with impairments in at least one cognitive measure. Subjective memory had the strongest link to most factors; these associations persisted after controlling for depression. Age mostly did not moderate these associations.DISCUSSION: Subjective cognition was more sensitive to self-report risk factors than objective cognition. Smartphones could facilitate detecting earliest cognitive impairments.
DEFEN-CE: Social Dialogue in Defence of Vulnerable Groups in Post-COVID-19 Labour Markets. Report on Finland and Sweden
Authors: Strigén Jakob , elmi zamzam , Salmi Aino , Nieuwenhuis Rense , van Gerven Minna
Published: November 2023

This is a comparative country report on Finland and Sweden for the DEFEN-CE project: Social Dialogue in Defence of Vulnerable Groups in Post-COVID-19 Labour Markets. DEFEN-CE is a research project funded by the Directorate-General for Employment, the European Commission (Grant number: VS/2021/0196). The project investigates the experiences of various stakeholders in the design and implementation of Covid-19-related policies relevant to work and employment in EU member states (Finland, Sweden, the Netherlands, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Czechia, Slovakia, Italy and Spain) and two candidate countries, Serbia and Turkey. The aim of the project is to identify the role of social dialogue in facilitating policy implementation that addresses the labour market situation of vulnerable groups in the post-Covid-19 labour markets. Based on this aim, the report seeks to answer three main research questions from a comparative perspective, emphasising similarities and differences in Finland’s and Sweden’s pandemic response, industrial relations (with a focus on social dialogue structures and interactions), policy design, and protection of vulnerable groups. 1.What public policy and social dialogue measures targeting the selected vulnerable groups were implemented for employment and social protection during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020–2022? 2.To what extent and how did social dialogue play a role in the implementation of the social and employment rights of selected vulnerable groups in the Covid-19 pandemic between 2020 and 2022? 3.What lessons and opportunities does the Covid-19 pandemic yield for strengthening social dialogue in the studied countries?The report combines analysis and findings based on the construction of country-specific Defence Databases (one for Finland and one for Sweden) and qualitative interviews with national stakeholders. The respective database gathers information on more than 30 country- specific Covid-19 policies that have been gathered from international databases (e.g., Eurofound, Eurostat, and OECD/AIAS ICTWSS), national and international policy documents and legislation, reports from trade unions and employers’ organisations, and academic literature. The policies are systematised with information on who adopted the policy (e.g., executive branch, parliament, central bank), policy form (e.g., legislation and statutory regulations, recommendations, social partner agreements), policy area (e.g., labour market, health and safety, and social security), time period, targeted vulnerable groups (based on employment status, social risks, and health safety), and social partners’ involvement.
Isomorphism among Public Universities in Germany, 1995-2015
Authors: Heinze Thomas
Published: November 2023

Structural similarity, or isomorphism, has not been quantitatively examined for the organiza¬tional field of public universities in Germany. Based on the Relative Specia¬lization Index, this paper introduces three ideal-type distributions as a heuristic tool to identify whether a higher education landscape is isomorphic or not, and whether its institutional structure has become more isomorphic over time. Using several variables, including pro¬fessorial staff, students and funding, we present measurements for iso¬morphism. We present evidence that non-technical universities (NTUs) have more isomorphic structures than technical universities (TUs), and that NTUs have become more isomorphic over time. Our findings and future research options are discussed in the light of the two dominant theories in higher education studies: population ecology theory and neo-institutional organization theory.
Global variation in the preferred temperature for recreational outdoor activity
Authors: Linsenmeier Manuel
Published: November 2023

The impacts of climate change will depend on how human societies adapt to higher temperatures. In this study we report empirical evidence suggesting that people living in warmer places prefer higher temperatures for their recreational outdoor activities. To arrive at this conclusion we examine a novel global dataset of mobile phone usage in parks in more than 2500 locations across 77 countries. We examine this dataset with econometric methods to identify the relationship between outdoor recreation and temperature from daily variation in weather. Overall we find that for every 1 degree Celsius increase in annual mean temperature, the preferred daily mean temperature for outdoor activity increases by about 0.5 degrees Celsius. We explain how these results can be interpreted as evidence for partial adaptation. We also illustrate how ignoring adaptation can bias projections of future responses to climate change.
How Prejudice Shapes Public Perceptions of Minority-Organized Spaces: The Case of Community Education
Authors: Steenwegen Julia , Meijers Maurits
Published: November 2023

As European societies become continuously more diverse, understanding the dynamics of minority rights endorsement becomes increasingly crucial. This paper investigates the variations in citizen support for minority rights and how these endorsements differ across various minority groups and purposes. This study focuses on minority organized supplementary schooling for minoritized youth in Flanders, Belgium, as a case study for examining the endorsement of rights. Using new observational evidence, we first show that there is significant variation in citizens’ opposition to community education. Subsequently, we conduct a survey experiment to unravel what explains public opposition to certain minority-organized initiatives, but not others. Specifically, we examine the causal effect the organizing ethnic community (i.e., Italian, Chinese, or Moroccan) and the stated purpose (i.e., heritage language training or math tutoring) of the school on public support. The study reveals that public approval of such minority-organized spaces is not uniform across initiatives. It is influenced by the perceived cultural threat posed by specific minority groups and the nature of the initiative. This research is the first to comprehensively examine public perceptions of minority-organized spaced. The findings indicate that deeper research into the support for minority rights and freedoms is imperative.
Covid-19, human rights, and judicial review in Transatlantic perspective
Authors: Fabbrini Federico
Published: November 2023

The paper examines the protection of human rights during the pandemic in the European Union (EU) and the United States (US) by analysing judicial review of Covid-19 measures. In particular, the paper put together an original dataset of over 300 cases to provide the first ever systematic analysis of how courts in the EU and the US reviewed key Covid-19-related measures, including non facere measures, such as church closures and stay-at-home orders, and facere measures, namely masks and vaccines mandates. The paper advances 3 hypotheses, based on judicial review of emergency measures in counter-terrorism contexts, and tests their applicability during the pandemic by considering a number of cases dealing with freedom of religion, freedom of movement and personal liberty and autonomy. The paper argues that a significant transatlantic convergence exists on how top courts have reviewed non facere measures: in cases reviewing church closures, both in the EU and the US courts have initially deferred to governmental decisions, but tightened their scrutiny over time; and, similarly, in cases reviewing stay-at-home orders, courts have often upheld governmental restrictions but also occasionally invalidated them, particularly when they appeared overblown, or disproportionate. Instead, the paper points out to a transatlantic divergence in the field of judicial review of facere measures: while EU courts have systematically upheld the legality of mask mandates, and mandatory vaccinations, when these became available, the US Supreme Court has invalidated a general vaccine mandates, and mask mandates have been struck down by state courts. As the paper points out, this divergence can be explained due to the greater politicization of public health in the US than in the EU, and the growing lack of deference towards, and trust in, scientific expertise in the US. In conclusion, the paper suggests that the alternative balancing of human rights and health protection in the US and the EU during Covid-19 reveal contrasting lessons from the pandemic on the relation between risk and resilience in constitutional democracies.
La Bioética en la educación médica
Authors: Trujillo Chávez María Belén
Published: November 2023

La Bioética en la formación médica es uno de los pilares fundamentales para la relación médico-paciente y el ejercicio de la medicina de manera integral, considerando al ser humano como un todo y que el cuidado de su salud debe ir examinada con la luz de los valores y principios morales. La bioética es una rama de la ética que se encarga de proporcionar y examinar los principios de conducta más adecuados para el ser humano en relación con la vida sea esta humana, animal y vegetal.
Muerte materna y complicaciones de la preeclampsia. Una revisión sistemática
Authors: León San Miguel Gabriel Alberto , Robles Granda Eliana Piedad , Yugcha Andino Germania Elizabeth Yugcha Andino Germania Elizabeth , Calderón León María Fernanda , Loor Cusme Lorena Katiusca , Cordones Sevillano Manuel Alejandro , Torres Romero Gloria del Carmen
Published: November 2023

Introducción: La preeclampsia es un trastorno multisistémico de alta mortalidad materna y perinatal. A nivel mundial, afecta 3-10% de todas las gestaciones, en los países occidentales, la incidencia ronda el 8%; de estos casos, solo un 10-15% desarrollan, síndrome HELLP, que aumenta considerablemente la mortalidad materna y perinatal. Objetivo: realizar una revisión sistemática con un enfoque epidemiológico, diagnóstico, terapéutico y predictivo para el reconocimiento temprano de las complicaciones y su manejo por el desafío que representa reducir la mortalidad materna. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática con 35 artículos de los últimos 5 años, casos clínicos, estudios de revisión, metaanálisis, revisión de la literatura, guías, estudios observacionales, descriptivos y retrospectivos sobre el tema: complicaciones de la preeclampsia y su manejo. Resultados: Los estudios seleccionados, que fueron obtenidos mediante, proceso de búsqueda cumpliendo con criterios de inclusión y exclusión, han mostrado: La predicción de la preeclampsia es útil, mediante uso de biomarcadores. Existen diferencias raciales en ocurrencia, presentación y resultados con el uso del ácido acetilsalicílico. El 16% de la mortalidad materna, puede atribuirse a trastornos hipertensivos, la hipertensión gestacional complica el 2% de los embarazos y la preeclampsia el 8%. Se debe sospechar la presencia de un hematoma hepático en pacientes que presentan preeclampsia severa o síndrome HELLP y que manifiestan epigastralgia, dolor en hipocondrio derecho con o sin inestabilidad hemodinámica. Las complicaciones relacionadas con el hígado, tienen alta morbimortalidad, su reconocimiento temprano y tratamiento oportuno es crucial El Síndrome HELLP ocurre en el 0,2-0,8% de los embarazos, el 70-80% coexiste con la preeclampsia, pero también puede ocurrir de forma aislada, sin preeclampsia. Factores derivados de la placenta podrían tener una influencia significativa, por lo que son utilizados como predictores para evitar el desarrollo de la preeclampsia y sus complicaciones La historia de preeclampsia es un marcador de riesgo cardiovascular y cerebrovascular futuro. Conclusión: La identificación de embarazos de alto riesgo para desarrollo de preeclampsia, mediante tamizaje con marcadores bioquímicos en el primer y segundo trimestre es crucial para la implementación con suplementos con aspirina y calcio con el objeto de prevenir la preeclampsia, que es una patología de alta morbimortalidad, porque genera múltiples complicaciones si no es tratada adecuadamente con un estricto control prenatal y postnatal en un centro especializado
Síndrome post COVID, revisión de la literatura
Authors: Salinas Velastegui Verónica Gabriela , Ortiz Martínez Jonathan Alexis , Sisalema Bonito Katherine Estefanía , Zambrano Moncayo Kimberly Marina
Published: November 2023

El presente artículo contiene un breve análisis sobre las circunstancias que plantean las secuelas de COVID-19 en la población que ha sufrido una infección previa, el denominado Síndrome POST COVID-19, es una afección actual que recae en pacientes de diferentes grupos etáreos, de allí la importancia de vislumbrar un panorama amplio sobre su significado, complicaciones, indicadores clínicos, consecuencias, y otros factores comparando la bibliografía existente conforme a este tema. El objetivo radica en Analizar las afecciones asociadas y secuelas que el covid-19 puede producir, para de esta manera acercarnos al tratamiento individualizado y modificar el tratamiento en pacientes con secuelas. Materiales y métodos: se efectuó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, revisión de artículos científicos provenientes de los últimos 5 años. Resultados: el término Long COVID o COVID prolongado en español, también llamado COVID persistente, refiere a la persistencia de los síntomas semanas o meses después de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 independientemente del estado viral. Fenómeno que es bastante molesto e incluso puede traer secuelas en el aparato respiratorio. Conclusiones: las complicaciones posteriores se enfocan en el interior de cuadros cardiovasculares y respiratorios, además complicaciones en el ámbito social, familiar y en los sistemas sanitarios actuales
Complicaciones Psicológicas de la Hospitalización Infantil
Authors: Mejía Ortiz Ruth Aurelia , López Martinez Katheryn Mishelle , Panimboza Bonilla Christian Javier
Published: November 2023

Introducción: El niño está en formación constante tanto física, fisiológica y psicológica por las vivencias que van surgiendo durante su crecimiento y es por ello que cuando debe ser sometido a procedimientos médico, diagnóstico, distintos tratamientos y quizás intervenciones quirúrgicas alcanza niveles de estrés conllevando a desarrollar alteraciones psicológicas a corto y largo plazo.  Objetivo: Definir los trastornos psicológicos durante la estancia hospitalaria en niños. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura publicada en inglés y español de los últimos 5 años en MEDLINE y PubMed por medio de palabras clave como: pediatric hospitalization, hospitalized children, psychological distress in children, alteraciones psicológicas en niños, alteraciones psicológicas en hospitalización, se recolectó la información incluyendo todos los artículos relacionados con población pediátrica, realizando resúmenes para su análisis y posterior elaboración del presente trabajo de investigación.  Discusión: La enfermedad en la infancia puede tener repercusiones importantes en el desarrollo psicosocial y sus efectos son aún más notables cuando el niño precisa de hospitalización, debido a la separación de su entorno, de su familia, acciones que desencadena estados de ansiedad, depresión, tristeza, cambios de personalidad, falta de cooperación, miedo, alteración del sueño durante su estancia hospitalaria, e incluso posterior al alta.  Conclusiones: Cuando un paciente pediátrico requiere hospitalización su tratamiento debe ser multidisciplinario con intervención de: Pediatra, Psicólogo, personal de Enfermería y los padres, quienes en conjunto deben actuar en forma sincronizada, para que el niño acepte y se adapte psicológicamente durante su hospitalización. Además, es necesario implementar otro tipo de tratamientos alternativos como la lectura, terapias lúdicas, risoterapia y terapia coadyuvante con animales como canes y peces dorados utilizados en varios países del mundo con notables resultados, ya que disminuyen el grado de ansiedad, el tiempo de hospitalización, con excelente recuperación biológica, psicológica y social
Manejo de la obesidad y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 con cirugía bariátrica. Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Hidalgo Acosta Javier Aquiles , Zamora Gagñay Liliana Elizabeth , Montufar Benítez Olga Italia , Coloma Hernández Priscila Andrea , Briones Franco Andreina Dayanara , Camacho Sig Tu Eduardo Estefano
Published: November 2023

Introducción: La cirugía bariátrica es la modificación quirúrgica del estómago, el intestino o ambos para perder peso, la cual conduce a remisión de la DM2, en los pacientes con obesidad severa.  Objetivo General: Describir las técnicas utilizadas en cirugía bariátrica para el manejo de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y obesidad. Objetivos específicos : 1) Comparar los resultados entre cirugía bariátrica versus cambio del estilo de vida sin cirugía en pacientes con diabetes y obesidad. 2 )  Conocer los  beneficios a largo plazo de la cirugía bariátrica. Materiales y métodos: Para la presente revisión sistemática se utilizaron artículos médicos científicos publicados en los últimos 5 años, siguiendo los criterios de inclusión y exclusión establecidos, para la elaboración del presente manuscrito se utilizó como referencia las bases de datos Pubmed, IntechOpen, ScienceDirect, Mendeley, Wiley Online Library, Google Académico, con el título de búsqueda: cirugía bariátrica en la remisión de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Resultados:  La cirugía bariátrica es efectiva en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 con índice de masa corporal (IMC) de 30 a 35 kg/m 2, en la remisión de la diabetes mellitus mostro mejores resultados que los cambios de los hábitos de la vida y la dieta. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos en la aleatorización de los pacientes para cirugía bariátrica, comparada con los pacientes que tuvieron solo intervención en el estilo de vida, la cirugía bariátrica demostró un 70% de resolución de la esteatohepatitis no alcohólica.Conclusiones: La cirugía bariátrica y metabólica en el manejo de la diabetes tipo 2 con obesidad severa, tiene gran utilidad y beneficio en el grupo de pacientes que padecen esta patología, obteniéndose buenos resultados de acuerdo a la técnica quirúrgica empleada, cuya remisión es superior, comparado con  el cambio en el  estilo de vida, además reduce la mortalidad a largo plazo, demostrando  gran utilidad en los pacientes con obesidad clase III o mórbida, y en los pacientes con obesidad clase II y clase I que padezcan de diabetes descompensada
Reporte de caso clínico: Tratamiento de Incidentaloma Suprarrenal Gigante con Cirugía Robótica Asistida en Paciente con Laparotomía Previa
Authors: Almagro Mercedes , Guadalupe Ramiro , Aulestia David Aulestia David , Remache Verónica , Vasconez Nicole , Estrada Giovanni Estrada Giovanni
Published: November 2023

Introducción: Un incidentaloma suprarrenal es una masa en la unión bilateral de las glándulas suprarrenales descubierta de manera casual durante la investigación de otro tumor o de problemas no relacionados, (1.3). La prevalencia de estos tumores varía entre el 1 y el 8%; y es mayor en sujetos obesos, diabéticos e hipertensos [2,8]. Los mielo lipomas representan el 10-15% de los incidentalomas y según su tamaño y evolución varia el tratamiento y abordaje quirúrgico, Nuestro reporte de caso describe a un paciente que presenta un mielo lipoma suprarrenal “gigante” que fue tratado mediante adrenalectomía asistida por robot.

Objetivo: Describir un caso clínico de adrenalectomía robótica por un incidentaloma gigante de la glándula suprarrenal en un paciente con laparotomía previa

Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo presentación de caso clínico.

Resultados: Se presenta el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino de 38 años con IMC 36 con antecedentes de laparotomía previa por trauma abdominal hace 10 años con hallazgo de incidentaloma gigante de la glándula suprarrenal derecha en donde se realiza adrenalectomía mediante cirugía robótica asistida sin complicaciones durante el transoperatorio y con resultado exitoso.

Conclusiones: El tratamiento estándar mencionado en varios artículos para el mielolipoma gigante es la adrenalectomía por laparotomía. Sin embargo,  las mejoras tanto en la instrumentación como en la experiencia y capacitación de los cirujanos en la cirugía laparoscópica y robótica han logrado que el abordaje mínimamente invasivo se logre utilizar en casos más complejos.

No existe un consenso sobre cual técnica quirúrgica es la mejor sin embargo el abordaje mediante cirugía robótica es una estrategia segura para las masas suprarrenales gigantes y el galeno deberá estar en la capacidad para decir sobre cuál es la mejor vía de abordaje  para cada paciente
CoARA: algunas reflexiones personales
Authors: Aguillo Isidro F.
Published: November 2023

La iniciativa CoARA ha generado un gran interés en la comunidad investigadora por su previsible impacto en los procesos de evaluación de su actividad. Aunque todavía está en una fase preliminar ya se pueden realizar algunos comentarios sobre los aspectos básicos de la propuesta. Los cambios incluyen un menor peso de indicadores tradicionales como las métricas y dar mayor relevancia a indicadores cualitativos. Ello conlleva riesgos evidentes no solo de subjetividad sino también de viabilidad. No existe definición de los criterios, ni registros en los que basarse, ni hay estudios sobre su validez. Analizamos algunos aspectos concretos y abogamos por la creación de infraestructuras abiertas ricas y diversas. Por último, se hace una llamada a no excluir los indicadores compuestos.
Динаміка показників імунітету хворих на Т-клітинну лімфому шкіри та псоріаз при лікуванні методами активізації механізмів саногенезу
Authors: Kurgan D. M. , Kokoruz M. V. , Kurgan M. G. , Novak V. L.
Published: November 2023

Доведено залежність показників клітинної та гуморальної ланок імунітету від проявів клінічної симптоматики у хворих на Т-клітинну лімфому шкіри і псоріаз при лікуванні методами активації механізмів саногенезу. З настанням ремісії показники їх досліджень наближалися до норми, а в разі відсутності терапевтичного ефекту погіршувалися.
Течение хронического панкреатита при других заболеваниях органов пищеварения
Authors: Khrystych T. M. , Gontsaryuk D. O.
Published: November 2023

У статті систематизовані клінічні особливості поєднаного перебігу хронічного панкреатиту та захворювань гастродуоденальної і гепатобіліарної систем, а також особливості функціональних і морфологічних змін. Обґрунтувано необхідність включення комбінованого препарату Доктовіт® (комплекс декспантенолу і метилметіоніну) до комплексної терапії при даній патології, описано механізм його гастропротекторної та репаративної дії.
Алельний стан генів ангіотензинперетворюючого ферменту (I/D) та ендотеліальної азоту оксиду синтази (894 G > T) у хворих з гострим коронарним синдромом
Authors: Sydorchuk L. P. , Ursuliak Yu. V.
Published: November 2023

Досліджено асоціацію поліморфізму генів ангіотензинперетворюючого ферменту АСЕ (I/D) і ендотеліальної оксиду азоту синтази eNOS (894 G > T) з інфарктом міокарда (ІМ) в гострому періоді у жителів Північно-Буковинського регіону. II/GG та ID/GG гаплотипи асоціюють з частішим виявленням Q-ІМ, локалізацією процесу по передній стінці та первинним виникненням. ID/TT чи ІІ/ТG гаплотипу асоціює з тяжким повторним Q-ІМ, локалізацією по задній стінці. ID/TG варіант також асоціює в 93,7 % випадків з Q-ІМ незалежно від його локалізації та поступовості виникнення. ID/TG збільшує відносний ризик появи Q-ІМ у 2,93 раза (OR = 4,79; Р = 0,002), що підтверджується і тяжкістю клінічного перебігу цього захворювання, а також підвищує ризик формування ІМ по передній і дещо більше – по задній стінці міокарда лівого шлуночка (OR = 4,31; Р = 0,007 та OR = 4,6; Р = 0,005 відповідно), збільшує імовірність розвитку ІМ вперше у 2,88 раза (OR = 4,62; Р = 0,003) та його повторне виникнення чи рецидив – у 2,67 раза (OR = 4; Р = 0,022). Відсутність мутації у гаплотипі (II/GG) є протективним чинником виникнення Q-ІМ (OR = 0,19; Р = 0,004) і зумовлює шанси на розвиток ІМ вперше найнижчими в обстеженій популяції (OR = 0,36; Р = 0,045).
Фактори прогресування метаболічних порушень у підшлунковій залозі у хворих з поєднаним перебігом хронічного панкреатиту і цукрового діабету типу 2
Authors: Zhuravlyova L. V. , Shekhovtsova Yu. O.
Published: November 2023

Вивчали причинні фактори прогресування метаболічних порушень в тканині підшлункової залози (ПЗ) і їх взаємозв'язок у хворих з поєднаним перебігом хронічного панкреатиту (ХП) і цукрового діабету типу 2 (ЦД 2). Обстежено 76 хворих на ХП та ЦД 2. Проаналізовано причини прогресування метаболічних порушень у ПЗ у хворих з поєднаним перебігом ХП та ЦД 2. Найбільш значущими були інсулінорезистентність та абдомінальне ожиріння, які спричинили раннє формування метаболічного синдрому (МС) й активізацію процесів фіброгенезу і стеатозу в ПЗ, зумовлених дисліпідемією, порушенням вуглеводного обміну, розвитком системного запалення та адипоцитокіновим дисбалансом. Виявлені взаємозв’язки між адипоцитокінами, масою тіла та деякими компонентами МС у хворих на ХП і ЦД 2 дозволяють припустити участь цих гормонів жирової тканини у формуванні МС та його компонентів.
Рівень ендотеліального моноцитактивуючого пептиду-ІІ у сироватці крові хворих на цукровий діабет типу 1, що виник в дитинстві, та в осіб молодого віку з ожирінням
Authors: Mogylnytska L. A.
Published: November 2023

Атеросклеротичний процес починається у підлітковому віці, а його прогресування визначається тими самими факторами ризику, що й у дорослих. Ендотеліальний моноцитактивуючий пептид-ІІ (ЕМАР-ІІ) – мультифункціональний цитокін з прозапальною та антиангіогенезною активністю, що може відігравати патогенетичну роль у розвитку ендотеліальної дисфункції та атеросклерозу. Метою дослідження було визначення вмісту ЕМАР-ІІ в сироватці крові хворих на цукровий діабет типу 1 (ЦД 1), що виник в дитинстві, та в осіб молодого віку з ожирінням. Виявлено підвищення рівня ЕМАР-ІІ в сироватці крові хворих на ЦД 1, а також в осіб з ожирінням без ЦД. При цьому рівень ЕМАР-ІІ корелював з вмістом глікозильованого гемоглобіну та глюкози крові, а також з основними показниками ліпідного обміну й індексом маси тіла. Підвищення вмісту ЕМАР-ІІ може бути одним з проявів ендотеліальної дисфункції при ЦД 1.
Stereotactic radiosurgery in the management of non–small cell lung cancer brain metastases: a prospective study using the NeuroPoint Alliance Stereotactic Radiosurgery Registry
Authors: Michalopoulos Giorgos D. , Katsos Konstantinos , Grills Inga S. , Warnick Ronald E. , McInerney James , Attia Albert , Timmerman Robert , Chang Eric , Andrews David W. , D’Ambrosio Anthony L. , Cobb William S. , Pouratian Nader , Spalding Aaron C. , Walter Kevin , Jensen Randy L. , Bydon Mohamad , Asher Anthony L. , Sheehan Jason P.
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE

The literature on non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) brain metastases (BMs) managed using stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) relies mainly on single-institution studies or randomized controlled trials (RCTs). There is a literature gap on clinical and radiological outcomes of SRS for NSCLC metastases in real-world practice. The objective of this study was to benchmark mortality and progression outcomes in patients undergoing SRS for NSCLC BMs and identify risk factors for these outcomes using a national quality registry.

METHODS

The SRS Registry of the NeuroPoint Alliance was used for this study. This registry included patients from 16 enrolling sites who underwent SRS from 2017 to 2022. Data are prospectively collected without a prespecified research purpose. The main outcomes of this analysis were overall survival (OS), out-of-field recurrence, local progression, and intracranial progression. All time-to-event investigations included Kaplan-Meier analyses and multivariable Cox regressions.

RESULTS

Two hundred sixty-four patients were identified, with a mean age of 66.7 years and a female proportion of 48.5%. Most patients (84.5%) had a Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score of 80–100, and the mean baseline EQ-5D score was 0.539 quality-adjusted life years. A single lesion was present in 53.4% of the patients, and 29.1% of patients had 3 or more lesions. The median OS was 28.1 months, and independent predictors of mortality included no control of primary tumor (hazard ratio [HR] 2.1), KPS of 80 (HR 2.4) or lower (HR 2.4), coronary artery disease (HR 2.8), and 5 or more lesions present at the time of SRS treatment (HR 2.3). The median out-of-field progression-free survival (PFS) was 24.8 months, and the median local PFS was unreached. Intralesional hemorrhage was an independent risk factor of local progression, with an HR of 6.0. The median intracranial PFS was 14.0 months and was predicted by the number of lesions at the time of SRS (3–4 lesions, HR 2.2; 5–14 lesions, HR 2.5).

CONCLUSIONS

In this real-world prospective study, the authors used a national quality registry and found favorable OS in patients with NSCLC BMs undergoing SRS compared with results from previously published RCTs. The intracranial PFS was mainly driven by the emergence of new lesions rather than local progression. A greater number of lesions at baseline was associated with out-of-field progression, while intralesional hemorrhage at baseline was associated with local progression.
Postsurgical utility of copeptin for the prediction of postoperative arginine vasopressin deficiency
Authors: Donegan Diane , Bornhorst Joshua , Van Gompel Jamie , Atkinson John , Theobald J P. , Meyer Fredric F. , Link Michael J. , Peris-Celda Maria , Spears Grant , Erickson Dana
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE

Arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVD) following neurosurgical procedures for pituitary disorders is common and can delay discharge. Copeptin, a stable surrogate marker of arginine vasopressin, may predict postoperative AVD. The authors’ aim was to assess the optimal postoperative sampling time and cut-point concentration of copeptin to predict the development of postsurgical AVD.

METHODS

Adults without preexisting AVD who were undergoing surgery for a pituitary lesion between February 2020 and April 2022 were eligible for study inclusion. Two samples were drawn from each patient postoperatively to assess the copeptin concentration using an immunofluorescent assay. Samples were denoted as "early" (within 6 hours of extubation) or "postoperative day 1" (POD1; within 10–30 hours of extubation). Patients were evaluated for the development of AVD.

RESULTS

One hundred ninety-two patients (54.2% female) with a median age of 54.5 years (IQR 39.8–67.0 years) were included in the study. The median copeptin concentration at both time points was significantly lower in those with AVD (transient or permanent; n = 22, 11.5%) than in those without (early: 4.9 vs 18.7 pmol/L, p < 0.001; POD1: 3.4 vs 4.9 pmol/L, p < 0.001) but did not differ in those who developed transient versus permanent AVD. The optimal copeptin cut point for the prediction of AVD was < 8.5 pmol/L for early samples (sensitivity 0.70, specificity 0.80, positive predictive value [PPV] 0.29, negative predictive value [NPV] 0.96) and < 4.3 pmol/L for POD1 samples (sensitivity 0.82, specificity 0.63, PPV 0.22, NPV 0.96). In early samples, a copeptin cutoff of 22.9 pmol/L increased the sensitivity for the detection of AVD to 95% with an NPV of 99%. The proportion of patients who had AVD was higher (60.0% vs 8.8%, p < 0.001) and the copeptin concentration lower (early: 4.3 vs 17.0 pmol/L, p < 0.001; POD1: 2.7 vs 4.9 pmol/L, p < 0.001) among those who had undergone surgery for a craniopharyngeal duct pathology versus a pituitary adenoma. Although copeptin was lower in patients with persistent Cushing’s disease than in those in remission, the difference did not reach statistical significance (early p = 0.11, POD1 p = 0.52). Furthermore, the copeptin concentration could not predict the development of syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Patients without AVD who had received stress dose steroids intraoperatively had lower median early copeptin (11.7 vs 19.1 pmol/L, p = 0.027).

CONCLUSIONS

In early postoperative copeptin samples, the optimal copeptin cut point for AVD diagnosis was < 8.5 pmol/L, and a level > 22.9 pmol/L had predicative utility in excluding AVD. Caution should be used when interpreting copeptin results, as patients administered glucocorticoids intraoperatively without AVD had lower median copeptin concentrations.
Attenuation of ventriculomegaly and iron overload after intraventricular hemorrhage by membrane attack complex inhibition
Authors: Holste Katherine G. , Ye Fenghui , Koduri Sravanthi , Garton Hugh J. L. , Maher Cormac O. , Keep Richard F. , Hua Ya , Xi Guohua
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE

The pathophysiology of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) is not well understood, but recent data suggest blood components play a significant role. This study aimed to understand the timing of membrane attack complex (MAC) activation after intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and the effect of MAC inhibition on PHH development.

METHODS

This study was composed of four parts. First, 24 young adult male rats underwent stereotactic intraventricular injection of autologous blood or saline and MRI on day 1, 3, or 7 after hemorrhage. Second, 18 rats underwent intraventricular injection of saline, autologous blood with aurin tricarboxylic acid (ATA) in vehicle, or autologous blood with vehicle and underwent serial MRI studies on days 1 and 3 after hemorrhage. Third, 12 rats underwent intraventricular injections as above and MRI 2 hours after hemorrhage. Finally, 24 rats underwent the intraventricular injections as above, as well as serial MRI studies on days 1, 7, 14, and 28 after hemorrhage. The MR images were used to calculate ventricular volume and iron deposition. Open field testing was performed to assess functional outcomes. Outcomes on day 28 were reported as a ratio to the animal’s baseline values and normalized via log-transformation. Statistical analysis included the Shapiro-Wilk tests for normality and t-tests and 1-way analysis of variance for 2 and 3 groups of continuous variables, respectively.

RESULTS

MAC was found within the hematoma 1 day after hemorrhage and persisted until day 7. Administration of ATA resulted in similar intraventricular hematoma volumes compared to vehicle 2 hours after hemorrhage. At 1 and 3 days after hemorrhage, ATA administration resulted in significantly smaller ventricular volumes and less hemolysis within the hematoma than in the vehicle animals. Administration of ATA also resulted in significantly smaller ventriculomegaly and less iron deposition in the periventricular area than in the vehicle rats 28 days after hemorrhage. Functionally, ATA rats were significantly faster, traveled longer distances, and spent less time resting than vehicle rats at 28 days.

CONCLUSIONS

MAC was activated early and persisted within the hematoma until day 7 after IVH. MAC inhibition attenuated hemolysis in the clot and ventriculomegaly acutely after IVH. One month after hemorrhage, MAC inhibition attenuated ventriculomegaly and iron accumulation and improved functional outcomes.
Natural history and growth rate of intracranial aneurysms in Loeys-Dietz syndrome: implications for treatment
Authors: Huguenard Anna L. , Johnson Gabrielle W. , Osbun Joshua W. , Dacey Ralph G. , Braverman Alan C.
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE

Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a heritable aortopathy associated with craniofacial abnormalities and dilatation and dissection of the aorta and its branches, as well as increased risk for intracranial aneurysms (ICAs). Given the rarity of the disease, the authors aimed to better define the natural history and role for the treatment for ICAs in these patients.

METHODS

The medical records of 83 patients with LDS were retrospectively reviewed to obtain clinical and genetic history and vascular imaging of the aorta, aortic branches, and intracranial vessels. Serial radiology reports and cervical and intracranial vascular images were reviewed to determine presence, location, and size of ICAs.

RESULTS

In total, 55 patients (66.3%) had at least two screening intracranial vascular examinations, and 19 (22.9%) had at least 1 ICA detected. Aneurysms were typically small (mean ± SD 3.2 ± 1.8 mm). ICAs were most often located in the cavernous carotid, followed by the ophthalmic and anterior cerebral artery vessels. The rate of ICA growth was 0.43 ± 0.53 mm/year, similar to that of the general population. Three patients underwent intervention for an ICA, with 1 procedure complicated by stroke and resulting in transient hemiparesis. Several illustrative cases detail the authors’ experience with ICA growth, de novo aneurysm formation, and ICA intervention in this rare patient population.

CONCLUSIONS

ICAs in patients with LDS are common, are frequently small, and have a growth rate similar to that of unruptured ICAs in the general population. More aggressive or earlier intervention for asymptomatic ICAs identified in LDS patients compared with the general population is likely unwarranted based on the authors’ experience at their institution.
Notary Responsibility for Legal Smuggling in the Issuance of Absolute Deed of Power of Attorney for Sale and Purchase of Land
Authors: Hadiwidjayanti Rizky , Prihandhini Liza
Published: November 2023

This paper analyses the Notary's Responsibility for Legal Smuggling Acts in the Issuance of Absolute Power of Attorney for The Sale and Purchase of Land. In analysis used juridical-normative legal research methods. The data were collected through literature studies and analyzed qualitatively. This study concluded that in the case of the Batulicin District Court Decision Number 06/Pdt.G/2018/PN Bln, a notary named Pang Andreas Pangestu committed an unlawful act because he issued a Deed of Power of Attorney, which was categorized as an Absolute Power of Attorney containing the clauses referred to in the Instruction of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 14 of 1982, which was a form of legal smuggling to avoid obligations and prohibitions that had been regulated in legislation. Therefore, the Power of Attorney Deed was annulled. The Notary, in his position as a PPAT in doing the deed, is burdened with his responsibility. Such duties include criminal, civil and administrative liability. In this case, the Notary can be subject to civil commitment, which is punished with compensation of Rp 1,500,000,000 (one billion five hundred million rupiah) due to unlawful acts committed by him and can be subject to administrative responsibility also because the Notary committed violations in the UUJN, especially Article 16 paragraph 1 letter a.
Implementation of Criminal Sanctions Against Foreign Narcotics Courier Performers
Authors: Jainah Zainab Ompu
Published: November 2023

Criminal sanctions that regulate narcotics crimes have emphasized the sanctions that will be given to anyone who violates them, ranging from rehabilitation to the death penalty. However, there are still many who commit these violations, until now, there are various forms of modus operandi for committing a criminal act in distributing narcotics. Perpetrators do not run out of wits to do all kinds of ways to achieve their goals. This mode is developed because law enforcement officers are intensively carrying out prevention efforts to eradicate narcotics crimes. One form of the mode that is carried out is through drug intermediaries or couriers, by neatly wrapping and inserting into plastic capsules, stored in boxes or cans, tucked in candy or food, to places that have been specially designed so as not to be penetrated by detection equipment. The perpetrators of these drug couriers are not only carried out by Indonesian nationals, but have also been carried out between foreign countries through foreign nationals. Narcotics distribution is carried out in various ways through land, sea and air transportation. From the various modes carried out by the perpetrators of drug couriers, it is not uncommon for them to be unsuspected so that they can escape various forms of examination by the authorized law enforcement officers.
Degradation of Executorial Rights and Execution Parate Institutions on Fiduciary Security After the Decision of the Konstitution Court Number 18/Puu-Xvii/2019
Authors: Triana Yeni , Winstar Yelia Nathassa
Published: November 2023

Constitutional Court decision Number 18/PUU-XVII/2019 degrades the existence of executorial rights and execution parate institutions in the UUJF. Melements of the substance of the law in rangka this execution resulted in the purpose of the law can not be met. PeneThis research is a normative juridical research that will answer several questions. First, what is the essence of the position of eksekutorial rights, execution parate, promise injury clause in fiduciary security rules. Second, how the juridical analysis of the Constitutional konstitusi tersebutCourt decision. This study produced several results, first the decision of the Constitutional Court contradicts the essence of the existence of executorial rights and the institution of Parate execution. executorial rights and execution parate institutions arise from the existence of special guarantees granted privileges through executorial rights institutions and execution parate institutions. The article of promise injury in the main agreement essentially serves as clause naturalia. The naturalia clause means that althoughthis clause is not expressly stated, theinjury clause promises to remain. The nature pelaksanaanof execution is because there is no voluntary act of implementing a decision that has permanent legal force. Thus, establishing the validity of the executorial right when there is a voluntary surrender is contrary to the nature of the execution itself. Second, in making a decision, the judge should put forward the principle of legal mind, namely legal certainty, justice and usefulness. In the Constitutional Court ruling amar judge's decision does not reflect the certainty, justice and kemanfaatn