bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demonul zeflemelei junimiste
Authors: Tudurachi Ligia
Published: December 2021

From persiflage to pornographic literature, everything in Junimea is an alternative form of discourse deconstructing to the official one. The cultural society from Iași chooses a “lateral” way of representation, moving on a line parallel to the main one. Persiflage is used in order to define a model of salon conversation but also as an instrument of literary criticism, and thus a stimulator of literary production: it becomes a technique of the critical performance, a characteristic evaluative gesture. Originating in the core of the critical act, this lateral thread almost engages a manifest dissent – which will then be emphasized by its emergence in the profane, detabooed forms of pornographic literature. Representing itself on such a lateral thread, Junimea makes possible the construction of its image as a Balkan, Eastern society; and therefore as a particular, local way of life.
Religious Fabula as a Means of Increasing the Mass Readership
Authors: Tsvetkova Milena , Evreeva Olga , Saenko Natalya , Maltseva Svetlana
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the study is to analyze how religious fabula is utilized in contemporary mass literature and find a link between the use of religious fabula and the commercial success of a literary work. The methodological framework of the study consists of conceptual provisions from different fields of science, such as history, the theory of literature, literary stylistics, and aesthetics. The study reveals that today’s fiction writers employ a variety of strategies for exploiting religion in their works, among which creating a quasi-biblical chronotope; decoding religious symbols and scandalous pseudepigraphon, and retelling religious stories with postmodern twists. These solutions, seen in both Russian and non-Russian fiction, are to shift from mass/low literature to middle literature, attract more readers, and achieve commercial success. The results of this study may be useful in teaching literary disciplines in investigating the field of mass literature.
REVIEW: Andrei Corbea, „nu vrea / cicatrice”. Studii despre Paul Celan la împlinirea a 100 de ani de la nașterea poetului
Authors: Sass Maria
Published: December 2021

The present contribution aims to discuss the work of the Jassy-based German philologist Andrei Corbea, ,,nu vrea / cicatrice”. Studii despre Paul CELAN la împlinirea a 100 de ani de la nașterea poetului, comprising 11 studies that address the intimate biography of the Bukovina-born poet Paul Celan. The studies elaborate on the most important stages of Celan’s biography, as well as on his exchanges with poets and thinkers who have influenced his evolution and works. The author lays special emphasis on Paul Celan’s relationship with Romanian culture through works written in Romanian, as well as through affinities with other Romanian poets and translators.
Regimul comunist și dinamica numărului de copii orfani în R(A)SS Moldovenească (1924-1961)
Authors: Dolghi Adrian
Published: December 2021

The article elucidates the evolution of the orphanage network in Moldovan SSAR and Moldovan SSR in relation to the socio-economic realities and the social policy of the Soviet state. By analysing the statistical data, we show that the expansion of the orphanage network in the MSSAR (1924-1940) and in the MSSR in 1944-1961 is due to the social policy of reducing the number of homeless and orphaned children suffering from hunger. We conclude that the number of orphanages increased during the famine, and decreased only after mitigating its consequences in the early 1950s. The Soviet state, on the one hand, provoked the humanitarian crisis in the MSSR, and on the other hand, proved to be “humane” by organizing an extensive network of orphanages intended to save children. The difficult situation of children in the post-war years, the starvation, vagrancy, the increased number of orphaned children, etc. was the consequence of the totalitarian politics and of the irresponsibility of local authorities.
Organizarea românilor ardeleni. De la formarea Consiliului Național Român Central (31 octombrie) până la semnarea armistițiului dintre Ungaria și Antantă (13 noiembrie 1918) (O cronologie a Unirii Transilvaniei cu România după presa vremii. IV)
Authors: Brusanowski Paul
Published: December 2021

The night of the Hungarian Aster Revolution (October 30-31) in Budapest brought about the birth of not only the Hungarian National Council, under the leadership of Mihály Károlyi, but also of the Romanian National Council, consequently moved to Arad two days later. On the one hand, the Romanian Central National Council considered itself to be the Romanian counterpart of the Hungarian National Council which had just taken over the governance of Hungary (although, for the time being, the state was still considered to be the Kingdom of Hungary, under the House of Habsburg). As such, the new Romanian Council’s first concern was to put an end to anarchy and reinstate order in the territories inhabited by Romanians. The organization even affirmed its anti-revolutionary and pro-dynastic position, in contrast with its Hungarian counterpart, which was considered to be too much taken over by revolutionary flames. Very soon after this, the Romanian Central National Council was confronted with new geo-political developments in the Eastern European space. On November 5, 1918, during a press conference, the American State Secretary Robert Lansing mentioned the possibility of uniting Transylvania to the Kingdom of Romania. Two days later, on the occasion of signing the armistice with Hungary, the French General Franchet d’Espèrey held a speech that had a crushing effect on the Government and the public opinion of Hungary that country, in which he utterly proclaimed the dissolution of Great Hungary.
Importanța gestului ca mediator și creator de sens în arta actorului: o perspectivă istorică (II)
Authors: Ivanca Elena
Published: December 2021

For actors and researchers, the gesture remains probably the most important non-verbal tool that an actor has for delivering both emotions and meaning this being, at the same time, the source of the credibility and uniqueness this art must have in order to exist. In the previous article, we began a journey into the main cultural references that would define a so-called history of gestures in order to understand its legacy and importance for the main acting and training techniques that we have nowadays. In our approach, we believe it is of high importance to understand the history of the notion of gesture and movement, as this will help us further understand what brought us to where we currently are as far as acting is concerned. There is an intimate relationship between the cultural evolution of gestures and the development of the art of acting, but also of the way we perceive this relation today
Cronica unui eşec academic anunţat: între Google Scholar şi indicele Hirsch
Authors: Popa Cristian Ioan
Published: December 2021

The Romanian university system includes periodical or conjunctural evaluations. In most cases, the tools are given by the unanimously recognized bibliographic databases (Scopus and Web of Science) or by the debatable ones (Google Scholar). The latter, which is also the most accessed in such cases, represents the subject of an analysis in which not only the information selection criteria are challenged, but also the means of calculating the h-index. As a case study, the author analyses his own scientific works, thus revealing great discrepancies between the numbers obtained through the services provided by Google Scholar and the real numbers that exceed the former by more than half. This fact indicates an obvious disadvantage for a scholar who is evaluated through the aforementioned tools in which the analysis of the citations plays a key role. Moreover, the present paper shall also discuss other minuses of the higher education system in which certain individuals’ or certain institutions’ hunt for academic visibility has generated a series of chicaneries. The most often used are those that seek interdisciplinary collectives, in which one’s professional participation is minimal, but the professional prestige is maximal.
Considerații pe marginea unei tipărituri liturgice românești mai puțin cercetate – Mystirio sau Sacrament (Târgoviște, 1651)
Authors: Qaramah Mihail K.
Published: December 2021

Mystirio sau, Sacrament, sau, Taine 2, de în ceale 7, Botezul și S[fân]t[ul] Mir (= MYS) is a liturgical handbook for priests printed in 1651 in Târgoviște (Wallachia) at the initiative of Metropolitan Stephen I. This book of small dimensions comprises an introductive guide of sacramental theology for two Sacraments of Christian initiation, namely the Holy Baptism and Holy Chrismation, together with the description of their ordo and other prebaptismal and postbaptismal rites, the Canons of the Apostles and Holy Fathers for the Sacrament of Baptism, the ordo when in extreme urgency occasion arises to give communion to a sick person, a prayer for one who has eaten something defiling and instructions for the confessor priest. Although the prayers, liturgical formulas and scripturistic lectures are printed in Slavonic, the teachings and the rubrics are translated into Romanian language. In this paper the author analyses the liturgical rites described in MYS and, comparing it with other contemporary liturgical documents, demonstrates that while some parts in MYS were taken from an Slavonic Euchologion printed at Câmpulung (Wallachia) in 1635, the primary source of this book is the Kievan Trebnik of Peter Mohyla (1646).
Romancierele: traducerile de romane scrise de femei în cultura română (1841-1918)
Authors: Baghiu Ștefan
Published: December 2021

This article uses the data from the Chronological Dictionary of Novels Translated in Romania from its Origins to 1989 in order to chart the presence of foreign women novelists and their works in Romanian translation between 1841 (the year of the first translation of a novel originally written by a woman author, Sophie Cottin) and 1918 (the year marking the end of the long nineteenth century and the unification of Romanian provinces). The study separates two main periods, starting from the domination of the French novel: 1841-1890 and 1890-1918. The former period comprises more French novel translations, from authors such as Sophie Cottin, Stephanie-Felicité Genlis, George Sand, Countess Dash, M-me Charles Reybaud, and Mie D’Aghonne. The latter comprises Italian and American authors, such as Carolina Invernizio, Matilde Serao, Anna Katherine Green, Frances Elisa Hodgen Burnett, and even northern authors such as Clara Tschudi.
Vasile Aaron – Reporta din vis, o noutate literară din vreme
Authors: Oprișor Carmen
Published: December 2021

Vasile Aaron (1780-1821) had an important contribution to the modernization of the Romanian literature. He was also the representative of the Transylvanian Enlightenment School. One of his works which is worth mentioning is Reporta din vis (Reporta in his dream), a meditation upon the ephemeral human life. Here, the author brought in elements of novelty such as the “dream-in-a-dream” images, the pre-Romantic motif of the ruins or the first fantastic descriptions in the Romanian poetical works. All Aaron´s literary and social activity reflected the specific features of his age. The complete studies written by Liliana Popa and Nicolae Popa shed light upon Aaron’s life and work and they showed the real dimensions of his personality.
The Public and the Private on the Construction of a Celebrity: The Case of Émile Zola
Authors: Vieira Célia , Guerra Santos Inês
Published: December 2021

In this article, it is intended to reflect about the concept of celebrity, mainly in the end of the XIX century, departing from Émile Zola. In this context, the main goals are both the understanding of the construction of the concept “celebrity”, and how and if it may fit to a literary figure as Zola as a public person, based on the analysis of a specific medium, the letter, as a means of communication situated between the public and private spheres. We propose to analyse a corpus of letters, available on the Eman platform, sent from the Ibero-American area to Zola at the end of the 19th century. This corpus does not constitute a uniform object of analysis, given the diversity of letter writers who take the liberty of writing to Zola during this period when the novelist and his work are already well known and had been the target of numerous polemics on art and literature in the decade preceding the writing of these texts. From a theoretical point of view, we place ourselves in the perspective of studies concerning the history and culture of celebrity, as well as studies concerning comparative literature. In the light of these achievements, we will seek to study this corpus as an expression of an audience that reflects the image of Zola as a public figure and, at the same time, achieves a literary and cultural self-reflection. The methodologies used will be a qualitative analysis applied to the content of the letters, in order to show that, although correspondence have traditionally been allocated a secondary status, in fact the correspondence method, as a primary data-gathering technique, may present unique advantages circumventing the embarrassment that participants may face otherwise.
Maja Lunde: între apocalips și speranță
Authors: Grigore Rodica
Published: December 2021

Born in 1975, the Norwegian Maja Lunde, widely known as a gifted children’s writer, surprised the literary world by her first novel, The History of Bees (2015), an ambitious dystopian book meant to put into question some of the greatest challenges our contemporary world has to face: the climatic changes and the threatening idea of a future and hypothetic disappearance of bees. Even if some critics considered her writing dangerously close to non-fiction or an expression of the so called “cli-fi” (“climate fiction”), Lunde proves to be a convincing author, perfectly capable of expressing deep fears of our contemporary Western society, but also able to offer her readers a symbolic solution to many of the major problems of the present. These preoccupations are also to be found in her second novel, The End of the Ocean (2017), where Maja Lunde perfectly succeeds in dealing with some another stringent nowadays issues, namely desertification and water shortages.
„Moartea autorului”. Analiza multispectrală a unui topos cultural
Authors: Bambulea Luigi
Published: December 2021

The present reflection proposes a novel investigation method in humanities, consisting in the analysis of local phenomena as originating in the dynamic of cultural `deep structures`. My focus falls on the death of the author which I consider to be a topos and a myth of last century’s humanities. The death of the author is associated with the Hegelian eschatological philosophy of history, but may also be deciphered as a consequence of the acute manifestation, within an entire culture, of the Kantian antinomy regarding the necessary existence of a transcendent being. As transcendent to the work, the author is refuted – because, as Hugo Friedrich shows, the modern artistic conscience intuited the empty ideality of traditional metaphysical notions –. Thus, the death of the author must be inquired upon not only as a particular phenomenon within the evolution of art, but also as a symptom of certain transformations that precede the aesthetical domain, transformations that are characteristic to the late Modernity and integrant of a `multispectral` analysis (with scopes in metaphysics, archetype and myth analysis). Such a methodological exigence is based on the assumption that a cultural phenomenon ought to be integrated within the scientific paradigm it expresses and also within the ontological and cosmological models around which it is articulated. An approach such as this shall reveal that the death of the author represents and intellectual version of the death of God, further assimilated to a cultural archetype, that of the death of Meaning. Consequently, the postmodern deicide represents the imposal of negation as a form of thought, a Western thought headed, with the end of Modernity, against the metaphysical tradition (of Presence) that it stems from. I assume that the self-destruction of Western tradition is symptom of a profound crisis of identity and I interpret it as a symbolic violence meant to redeem the fault of 20th Century’s atrocities, by cleansing the guilt the Western man experiences. My approach to the analysis of myth engages the actual debate regarding the canonical fights of the last few decades while trying to shed light on the way in which the symbolic deicide of the (`secularized`) author and auctor aims at imposing a new author and a new auctor to the symbolic products of culture. Ideology is the new auctorial authority.
Valenţe creatoare ale femininului ancorate în sfera sacrului. Contextualizări religios-culturale europene şi orientale
Authors: Pătru Alina
Published: December 2021

The paper elaborates on feminine images of the sacred. It aims to show the manner in which feminine specificities are connected to the realm of the sacred within the Eastern Christianity, the ancient Greek religion and in some forms of Hinduism. The emphasis will be placed on the commonalities, as well as the contextual dissimilarities between the different cultural and religious spaces under consideration. The aim of the present paper is to elicit a better understanding of the feminine, along with its creative manifestations, and of the unparalleled complexity of the sacred, as well.
Geografia romanului românesc (1933-1947): străinătatea
Authors: Baghiu Ștefan , Terian Andrei , Pojoga Vlad , Ung Snejana , Crăciun Bianca , Olaru Ovio
Published: December 2021

This article analyzes the ways in which the Romanian novel published between 1933-1947 represents foreign cities, towns, peripheries, and villages in the fictional worlds. It asserts the democratization of the narrative universe through the planetary perspective of the novels and discusses the birth of the Global South imagery. The search was conducted on a corpus of 700 novels in the MDRR archive. The data is disposed through quantifying recurrences (the number of novels in which a city appears) and occurrences (the number of times a city appears) of foreign cities. This article deals with representations of Europe and the Americas, Asia, Africa, and Australia in the 1933-1947 Romanian novel. It separates three main categories (main cities, consolidation cities, and secondary cities) and shows the planetary distribution of space within the Romanian novel.
Geografia romanului românesc (1933-1947): arealul național
Authors: Modoc Emanuel , Strugari Nicoleta , Bâlici Mihnea , Vancu Radu , Baghiu Ștefan , Pojoga Vlad
Published: December 2021

This article analyzes the ways in which the Romanian novel published between 1933-1947 represents cities, towns, peripheries and villages in the fictional worlds. It asserts the democratization of the narrative universe through the novel of the periphery and discusses the birth of the touristic novel, in which characters often spend time in new areas for relaxation. It also challenges the idea of spatial atomization, since the geographical preferences of the authors are usually centralized and gentrified. Almost only subgenre novels and ethnical minority authors are responsible for the democratization of the national geography of the Romanian novel in 1933-1947.
Temporalitatea internă a romanului românesc (1933-1947)
Authors: Vancu Radu , Ciorogar Alex , Stoica Ana-Maria , Pojoga Vlad , Baghiu Ștefan
Published: December 2021

From the point of view of its internal temporality, the Romanian novel between 1933 and 1947 demonstrates an overwhelming preference for negotiating the present. After 1933 the world had already gone through a World War and a world economic crisis – so that the metabolism of the present in post-1933 Romanian novels can also be explained as a post-traumatic shock, an attempt to process the traumatic information of recent history. But the Romanian novel, in its earlier ages, had been synchronous with historical events of relatively comparable magnitude: the European Revolution of 1848, the Crimean War, the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78, translated in Romania as the War of Independence, the Romanian economic crisis from 1899-1901, the peasant uprising of 1907, with its bloody repression, the Balkan wars, the Great Union of 1918, etc. And yet, this succession of historical events did not have the effect of establishing the historical present as a preferential time of the Romanian novel. Only the Romanian novelist between 1933 and 1947 clearly prefers “recognition” in the present history, in the immediate actuality; the narrative no longer means for him the construction of a patrimonial memory, but almost exclusively a construction of the historical present. Between 1933 and 1947, the Romanian novel is synchronized with its own present.
Diversitate identitară în romanul românesc (1933-1947)
Authors: Stanislav Cătălina , Pojoga Vlad , Gârdan Daiana , Baghiu Ștefan , Savin Alexandrina , Stoica Ana-Maria
Published: December 2021

Following the 2020 article on identity diversity in the Romanian novel, this study provides both a statistical account and individual examples of fictional representations of characters in the Romanian novel between 1933-1947. With a three-fold structure, our essay focuses at first on gender diversity, analyzing the ratios between female and male authors and female and male protagonists. It then concentrates on religious, ethnic, and national minorities, using both quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis, exploring how they are represented and approached. Without drawing any definitive conclusions, our undertaking provides a blueprint for further research on identity representations in the Romanian novel.
Poli de producție ai romanului românesc (1933-1947): rețele editoriale și forme de canonizare
Authors: Morariu David , Stoica Ana-Maria , Farmatu Teona , Vancu Radu , Varga Dragoș
Published: December 2021

This article studies the production of the Romanian novel published between 1933 and 1947 by deploying instruments of quantitative analysis. More precisely, based on the corpus resulted from the project The Digital Museum of the Romanian Novel: 1933-1947 (more than 700 digitized novels), our analysis focuses on the canonical writers and their “rivals”, the authors and their novels bypassed by the literary canon, the geographical networks of production and the origin of the authors. The relevance of such a study lies not only in recording the evolution of the Romanian production centers, but also in mapping the formula, the mechanisms and, taking into account the article that analyzes the period 1901-1932, the process of canonization of the Romanian novel published in the first half of the 20th century.
Educație și școală în romanul românesc (1845-1947)
Authors: Borza Cosmin , Olaru Ovio , Rădescu Cătălina , Morariu David , Ung Snejana , Savin Alexandrina , Martin Anca-Simina
Published: December 2021

The article sets out to establish the ways in which the Romanian novelistic production between 1845 and 1947 reflects the challenges and accomplishments of successive efforts at modernising the educational system. Therefore, the case-studies we discuss are focused on some of the major implications of Romanian education: the shifts in the literal spaces in which the educational process is being conducted, the access to books and the social prestige accrued through reading, the link between education and the abroad – including the ambivalent status of foreign language education as platform on which the conflict between nationalism and cosmopolitanism is played out –, the opportunities opened by scientific progress, but also the anxieties it generates.
„tὴν ἀρχαίαν ἐπιζητοῦμεν πατρίδα”: Creștinii în căutarea patriei celei dintâi – încercări de definire a unei teologii a migrației
Authors: Streza Ciprian
Published: December 2021

Migration, as the displacement of peoples, triggered throughout the centuries by wars, natural disasters, political oppression, poverty and famine, religious persecution is a profound human experience and an intimate part of the biblical saga from the beginning, along with the social, anthropological and spiritual issues it raises. The history of Israel is rooted in migration and the Jewish Diaspora is the most extensive and well documented migrations in antiquity. The wandering of the patriarchs, the Exodus, the exile, the dispersion and the return to Jerusalem are embedded in the consciousness of the people of Israel and helped define their character as a people and the nature of their relationship to God. For the Christian Church, migration was a phenomenon that configured its history and forced it to define itself and to specify the eschatological goal of its missionary. The patristic writings of the first centuries indicate that Christians have always considered themselves pilgrims to the heavenly homeland, not having a particular homeland here on earth, although they have always managed to adapt to the social and political conditions of the times. Starting from these historical, social and spiritual premises, the present study proposes a reflection both from a biblical and patristic perspective on the migration phenomenon, trying to offer the premises of a debate in the space of orthodox theology on this current topic.
Sfântul Ioan Gură de Aur şi migraţia goţilor
Authors: Boicu Dragoș
Published: December 2021

This article aims to present a significant episode in the history of migrations in Europe: the passage of the Visigoths into the Roman Empire south of the Danube (376 A.D.) and their transformation from afflicted refugees into fearsome insurgents. Beyond this spectacular evolution, the author evaluates the position of the Church and the attitude of Bishop John Chrysostom towards these migrants in a context in which xenophobic feelings have reached a climax.
A Special Category of Migrants: The Romanian Exile During the Communist Period
Authors: Morariu Iuliu-Marius
Published: December 2021

The Romanian exile, an important category of political opponents to the Romanian Communist regime, constituted a social and intellectual category which has been investigated by researchers who edited their diaries, memoirs, or letters and published studies regarding their works and lives. Nonetheless, there are some aspects still to be revealed regarding this sociopolitical category of individuals and their work. Thus, we will try to fit the exile within the category of migrants – and examine how the Romanian Securitate regarded them from this perspective. We will therefore resort to their works, studies, and articles, and also to documents found in the Securitate Archives, in an attempt to present their perception by the repressive political body which forced them into migration/exile.
Driven to Move into the Wilderness to Pray: The Fourth-Century Desert Tradition
Authors: McCarty V. K.
Published: December 2021

This study examines fourth-century spiritual elders who responded to the command of Christ by migrating into the desert hills outside their home-towns in order to seek the presence of God in solitary prayer; and finds that their deep spiritual askesis, handed on from elder to disciple from generation to generation, produced a rich treasury of wisdom Sayings (Apophthegmata) treasured in the heritage of the Orthodox Church.
The World and the Kingdom of Heaven: An Orthodox Perspective on Migration
Authors: Trostyanskiy Sergey
Published: December 2021

This article aims to explore the subject of migration within the horizons of imperial unicity by reviewing the historical roots and modern modifications of cosmopolitan ideology. It intends to detect its theoretical foundations and test them against the Orthodox missionary goal to become a citizen of the kingdom of heaven.
Towards a Theology of Migration: A Survival Perspective from Isaiah 1-12
Authors: Esterhuizen Elizabeth , Groenewald Alphonso
Published: December 2021

The aim of this paper is to turn the lens towards the pre-migration and resilience processes within the context of the imminent forced migration as found in Isaiah 1-12. The article addresses not only the matter of pre-migration and collective trauma but also the ensuing resilience and hope that is embedded in the text. Understanding the concepts that underpin premigration to trauma and hope, the authors have engaged Isaiah 1-12, which present substantial pre-migration trauma markers of collective trauma, resilience and hope in the text. This article offers original research in the field of pre-migration trauma studies in Isaiah 1-12, as very little research has been done on this topic. An attempt was made to start a new conversation and understanding about forced migration and trauma within the field of Isaiah 1-12 and biblical studies.
I’m Not a Fruit which Fell from a Tree: Migrants’ Discourses of Resistance in the Context of Dehumanization and Economic Exploitation in Southern Africa
Authors: Mpofu Buhle
Published: December 2021

This discussion highlights how some African foreign migrants living in South Africa articulate resistance to exploitative and corrupt tendencies in what emerges as life affirming and death denying developmental discourses. This article triangulated data collected from a Module PRT112 – an Introduction to Missiology – with data which emerged from a study designed to interrogate the lived experiences of foreign migrants in Johannesburg South Africa. Framed within the postcolonial paradigm, the contribution is premised on the idea that the discourses of African migrants are a viable hermeneutical optic for a theological and developmental agenda which legitimises marginal voices of the poor. At the heart of this critical discussion is a statement; ‘I am not a fruit which fell from a tree,’ which emerged as a response to ward off and rebuke corrupt public officials who often demand bribes from foreign migrants as a way to keep them intimidated and confined to liminal working conditions in the informal South African economic sector. By interrogating the radical response ‘I am not a fruit’ alongside data which reflect hostility towards migrants, the study highlights religious resistance to economic exploitation and life denying practices. These articulations are located within the postcolonial resistance discourses which counter neoliberal and dehumanizing tendencies and the study concludes by drawing on Bosnian and Rwandan examples to caution against dehumanization of migrants as it sets parameters for catastrophic genocide and other forms of violence perpetrated in the past.
Religion, Migration, Syncretism and Secularization
Authors: Beyers Jaco
Published: December 2021

Migration is viewed as a natural social phenomenon. Reasons for migration and responses to migration may vary. Much research in recent times has been done on migration. This contribution approaches migration from a theological perspective and tries to emphasize the way Christian communities should view the entry of migrants into a community. The way the church should respond to migrants entering a community is discussed by way of three possible perceptions of migrants, either perceived as a threat, an asset or an opportunity. Migration may result in the continuation or discontinuation of beliefs by the migrant. The discontinuation of religion may be expressed as syncretism or secularization. Christian communities ought not to perceive the presence of the migrant as an entity needing assistance or object of conversion. Christian communities should also see migration as an opportunity for indigenous Christian communities to reflect on their own identity and attitude towards expressing inclusivity.
La feredeiele Borsecului: șprițuri/ macmahoane/ mișmașuri în literatura începuturilor
Authors: Ciotloș Cosmin
Published: December 2021

The present study unfolds on several layers.In the first place, it propounds a history of the relationship between the alcoholic drink that is popularly known as „spritz” and Romanian literature, illustrated with examples from the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th. Secondly, it restores a terminology area, determining the first usage of the word (with all its synonyms) and what prominent or less-known authors have frequently utilized it. Thirdly, it inspects documentation data which thus reinstates two potential forerunners of this interstitial phenomenon: Anton Pann and Daniil Scavinschi. In the fourth place, it exposes a series of thresholds in the evolution of the Romanian mentality, based on the level of tolerance or disapproval that writers have expressed, when confronted with this liquor.
Prozatorul Radu Stanca
Authors: Nagâț Mirela
Published: December 2021

The present study discusses the only attempt Radu Stanca made to become a prose writer: „The Black Deck”, posthumous short story published in 1975 in Manuscriptum. The origins of this text, revealed by his correspondence with I. Negoițescu, consist in a double crisis: a personal one (a failed love story with german young woman) and a social one, deriving from the communist regime installed in the late 40’s, which brought him an existential seizure.
The Role of Cultural Translation for Literary Historiography
Authors: Burdușel Eva-Nicoleta
Published: December 2021

The main objective of the present paper is to highlight the relevance of translation in the scholarly endeavour of placing and firmly setting national literature in a wider context, i.e. planetary literature. Moreover, due to its complexity, long tradition, noble endeavour, worldwide mission and overarching goal, translation – as a fourfold process encompassing the linguistic, cultural, interpretive, comparative dimensions, according to Christian Moraru – serves as a most effective connector between words and worlds, in addition to overcoming successive waves regarding the state of “translatability” as Emily Apter scholarly theorized it, from her first thesis “nothing is translatable” to the twentieth thesis “everything is translatable”, where all the intermediary stages, hypotheses, and other theoretical assumptions further investigated.
Miron Costin și epoca în care a trăit
Authors: Oprișor Carmen
Published: December 2021

In the present article we pointed out the historical context in which our culture came into being. We also showed what social and cultural conditions of the Middle Ages influenced the evolution of our civilization. Miron Costin`s work, a Romanian historian from the 17th century, was imbued with literary features. He was educated in Poland and he became an important scholar. Costin was very concerned with writing a chronicle with a complex structure and with elaborate sentences. He created memorable human portraits in vivid colours, and his remarks upon history and human nature are still relevant to us today. He was also the first writer whose chronicle proved to be the work of a gifted memorialist.
Estetica vieții cotidiene în filozofia RSR
Authors: Ferencz-Flatz Christian
Published: December 2021

The present paper analyses the emergence of a novel field of interest in the philosophical aesthetics of the 1960s in Romania: the aesthetics of everyday life. As such, it first starts by drawing out an overview of the aesthetic discussions in 1950s Romania by closely reading several articles from the main philosophical journal of the period: Cercetări filozofice. In this regard, I focus on two main aspects, namely the theory of reflection, which was the guiding principle of Marxist-Leninist aesthetics, and the theory of the social function of art. Further on I will sketch out how these two aspects defined the main traits of the local aesthetics of everyday life, a topic which took the center fold of aesthetic interest for almost a decade, and which has ever since the early 2000s found renewed interest.
Materialism dialectic și istoric în comunismul românesc (I)
Authors: Cistelecan Alex
Published: December 2021

The article (to be published in 2 parts) analyzes the expression and evolution of Marxist philosophy in communist Romania, as seen in the evolution of the official handbooks and courses of dialectical materialism and historical materialism. Its first part looks at the original Marxian foundations (Marx and Engels’ views on metaphilosophy and their actual philosophical practice), the Soviet mediations (the institutional and conceptual reconfigurations of Soviet Marxist philosophy until the death of Stalin) and the initial local configuration, as seen in the first two editions of the handbooks, published in the early 50’s and early 60’s respectively. The second part of the article will follow this evolution further, up to 1989, and will conclude by developing a series of observations on the uses and abuses of Marxist philosophy in communist Romania.
Narațiune și interacțiune: preliminarii teoretice comparate
Authors: Pojoga Vlad
Published: December 2021

The present study aims to put forward a state of the art regarding interaction in narratives, providing a blueprint for further analysis of the phenomenon in Romania. It starts by taking into account in a comparative manner the “popular” definitions of narrative and how these might affect the general reception of narratives in various cultural spaces, comparing the Anglo-American tradition to the Romanian one. It then proceeds to identify and correlate different theories of interaction in narrative, focusing on models by Janet Murray, Jan van Dijk and Eric Zimmerman.
Why Is the History of Ukrainian Literature Silent About the Women Writers of the Second and Third Decades of the 20th Century?
Authors: Zhygun Snizhana
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the problem of avoiding women’s literature of the 1920s and 1930s in the narrative of the history of Ukrainian literature. This period is called the Executed Renaissance and is the key to the nation-making narrative. It is seen as the time of the modern nation formation and the time of the greatest sacrifice in the name of the nation. Women’s literature of that time is selectively discussed in this context, but the bulk of female literature of that period remains out of the attention of researchers, despite the fact that both the previous stage of development of women’s literature and subsequent ones are present in the narrative of the history of Ukrainian literature. The article hypothesizes that the period of the 1920s and 1930s “fell out” because the women’s literature of that time did not meet the needs of the nation-making narrative that dominates the Ukrainian humanities. The aim of the study is to show this discrepancy by analyzing the representation of gender practices in women’s texts of that period. The theoretical basis of the work was the ideas by Anne McClintock, Yuval-Davis, Joane Nagel, Robert Connell, Martha Bohachevsky-Chomiak. As a result of the study, it has been revealed that women’s literature of the time has different topics and problems, which is due to different experiences. Describing the Bolshevik reforms, women attach equal importance to changes in management and forms of ownership, as well as to the new norms of family and maternal law. The women writers remind of the importance of women’s work in enterprises and in agriculture, especially in the absence of men involved in the war. The literature reflects the rapid expansion of the range of characters’ professions, but at the same time shows the complexity of self-realization, especially when it is necessary to combine profession and motherhood. At this time, women speak more openly about cathexis, challenging patriarchal norms. The image of a woman, in particular of a mother, created by the woman writers did not correspond to the symbolic image of the nation’s reproducer, so the return of women’s literature of the 1920s and 1930s did not meet the needs of the nation-making narrative in the post-Soviet conditions.
Poezia modernă și tradiția
Authors: Chioaru Dumitru
Published: December 2021

The article is a brief revisitation of the relationship between modern poetry and tradition, such as it was understood by poets starting with Charles Baudelaire. The theoretical proposition advanced here postulates the existence of two complementary attitudes in this respect: the first one progressive, characterized by the denial of tradition, represented by the European avant-garde (most of all futurism, dadaism, and surrealism); the second one conservative, illustrated first of all by German expressionism, but also by modernism and Anglo-American postmodernism’s attempts to recover or recycle the contents of tradition.
Romantic Dissolution vs. Artistic Disillusion in Robert Browning’s Andrea del Sarto
Authors: Pârvu Daria
Published: December 2021

The present paper sets out to explore Robert Browning’s dramatic monologue introducing Andrea del Sarto (1486- 1531), a late fifteenth-century Florentine painter who was praised for his technical skills in painting but who lacked a spiritual dimension in his art, compared to the works of his contemporaries, Michelangelo Bunarroti (1475-1564) and Raphael (1483-1520).
Memory and Fiction: Trauma in Contemporary Romanian Literature
Authors: Prodan Larisa
Published: December 2021

The studies of memory (memory studies) have developed a connection to the concept of trauma (trauma studies) and its manifestations. The literary field became a proper medium of evocation and testimony of past traumatic events. Therefore, social manifestations, traumatic measures of political regimes have all been integrated into literary works as a manner of attesting both their physical and psychological implications. Talking about the traumatic events of the Holocaust, James E. Young views such literary works as “documentary narrative” or, more specific, literature of testimony. Literary (and artistic) works related to the Holocaust are also object of Marianne Hirsch’s studies. In her view, evoking and narrating traumatic events implies the usage of postmemory. Past could also be evoked, as Michel Foucault considers, through literature on the basis of counter-memory. Taking into consideration different manifestations of memory in literature, the present study aims to analyse some of the Romanian contemporary works tackling on the remembrance of the traumatic ideological intervention on the female body that the prohibition of abortions represented during the communist regime. Corporal and psychological traumas that the 770 Decree caused are related in Corina Sabău’s novel And the Crickets Were Heard and also in the testimonial collective volumes Comrades of journey. The Feminine Experience in Communism (edited by Radu Pavel Gheo and Dan Lungu) and Mihaela Miroiu’s (ed.) The Birth. Lived Stories. Thus, literary materialisations of memory would be observed, in order for the contemporary reader to understand the severe traumatic implications of an abusive ideological prohibition of abortion.
Poeticile memoriei la Paul Celan și George Steiner: literatura și culpa supraviețuitorului
Authors: Vancu Radu
Published: December 2021

Both Paul Celan’s and George Steiner’s writings deal with the relationship between culture and barbarism; both originate in a terrible guilt of the survivor. In Paul Celan’s case, it is the guilt of surviving his own parents, exterminated in an internment camp in the Transnistria Governorate in 1942. In Steiner’s case, when he was 11 years old and on a vacation with his family in New York, his father decided that they would not return to Paris, but remain in the United States; in a few weeks, the Nazi army would occupy Paris; of Steiner’s Jewish colleagues at his elite high school in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, only one would survive (besides Steiner himself). In an autobiographical essay published in 1965 in Commentary, “A Kind of Survivor,” Steiner states directly: “I am a survivor, and not intact.” The Holocaust’s traumatic memory imbues every line in Celan’s poetry and every sentence in Steiner’s scholarly books – long before Holocaust studies became an academic discipline (he has done enormously himself in this respect). The present article documents traces of this fundamental trauma both in Celan’s poetry and in Steiner’s academic and autobiographic writing.
Reprezentarea sfintelor femei în bisericile pictate în timpul lui Ștefan cel Mare în Moldova. Două exemple
Authors: Ilie Ancuța-Maria
Published: December 2021

The aim of this paper is to present some results of my research regarding the representation of holy women in the Moldavian churches during the reign of Stephen the Great. Most frequently, these images are found in the narthex of the church, a space of lesser spiritual intensity. A general explanation for the depiction of holy women in the narthex is related to the actual presence of women in this space during the mass and to their role in the funerary ritual and the commemoration of the dead which take place here. My study focuses on the cases of Saints Mary of Egypt and Marina the Great Martyr, the two most depicted saints in the Moldavian churches. Firstly, they have a specific way of representation, in a narrative scene. Saint Mary of Egypt is depicted as an ascetic figure together with Saint Zosimas from whom she receives the Holy Eucharist, while Saint Marina wears a red maphorion and is depicted hammering a demon. Secondly, they both have a well-defined place on the church walls, as a result of the hagiography, playing a symbolic role in the economy of space and in the iconographic program. Saint Mary of Egypt has a place in the passageway areas, in interaction with the architecture. Her representation offers an example of repentance for the believers, reassuring them of the mercifulness of God. Saint Marina is placed close to the entrances of the church, may they be doors or windows, for her role in protecting the sacred places.
Rolul modelelor teoretice ale relațiilor publice în construirea identității etice profesionale
Authors: Mureșan Raluca
Published: December 2021

This study explores a series of scientific research on public relations ethics to identify the role of the models of public relations in building ethical identity. Models of public relations are able to explain the negative image of this profession, synonymous with lies, manipulation, deception, and are responsible for dividing the ethical identity of public relations practitioners into two competing paradigms: the advocate, which puts the organization’s interests of above those of the public and, respectively, the guardian of the management of the organization, who finds a wise balance between loyalties to the organization and to the public in accordance with the highest ethical standards of dialogue.
The Austrian-Hungarian Press Regarding the Tsar’s Visit to Constanţa in June 1914
Authors: Crețu Victor Daniel , Racovițan Radu
Published: December 2021

The historical events in the first part of 1914 catalyzed an intense political discussion either for maintaining in or retreating Romania from the Triple Alliance. The appointment of I.I.C. Brătianu, known for his political orientation in favor of the Entente, as Prime Minister in the early 1914 created a favorable ground for Franco-Russian diplomatic actions. However, the event which produced the most hectic agitation in the German and Austro-Hungarian diplomatic circles regarding the progress the Entente powers were achieving in Romania was the visit of the Russian tsar to Constanța on June 14, 1914, continued by the talks between Brătianu and Sazonov in the coming days. Although the official circles justifiably maintained a reserved attitude, the press of the Great Powers in the Triple Alliance commented extensively and openly on the special significance of the visit made in Romania by Tsar Nicholas II and the Russian Foreign Minister Sazonov.