bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Klinik und Prognose glattmuskulärer Tumoren unsicheren malignen Potenzials
Authors: Lorenz Judith
Published: February 2025

Bei etwa 0,01 % der Hysterektomien und Myomenukleationen zeigt sich bei der histopathologischen Gewebeanalyse ein glattmuskulärer Tumor unsicheren malignen Potenzials (engl. Smooth muscle Tumour of Uncertain Malignant Potential, STUMP) oder ein atypisches Leiomyom (ALM). Ein Forscherteam aus Indien untersuchte die Prognose dieser Tumoren und konzentrierte sich dabei insbesondere auf fertilitätserhaltend operierte Patientinnen.
Pertuzumab-Biosimilar beim HER2-positiven metastasierten Mammakarzinom
Authors: Lorenz Judith
Published: February 2025

Der humanisierte monoklonale Antikörper Pertuzumab stellt in Kombination mit Trastuzumab eine Standardtherapie des HER2-positiven metastasierten Mammakarzinoms dar. Mit ZRC-3277 steht nun ein kostengünstigeres Biosimilar des Originalwirkstoffs (Perjeta) zur Verfügung. Eine randomisierte doppelanonymisierte Phase-III-Studie, an der sich 38 Zentren in Indien beteiligten, verglich beide Präparate im Hinblick auf Wirksamkeit, Sicherheit und Pharmakokinetik.
Neoadjuvante Chemotherapie bei Borderline-Pankreaskarzinomen
Authors: Manekeller Steffen
Published: February 2025

Die vorliegende multizentrische, prospektive Beobachtungsstudie untersuchte die Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit einer neoadjuvanten Chemotherapie bei Patienten mit grenzwertig resektablem Pankreaskarzinom und bei Patienten mit resektablem Pankreaskarzinom, das Kontakt mit großen Gefäßen hat, im Vergleich mit einer historischen Kontrolle.
Risk of Plate Exposure in Vascularized Fibula Flap for Mandibular Reconstruction in Primary Oral Cancers
Authors: Pai Ashwin Alke , Chen Angela Chien-Yu , Loh Charles Yuen Yung , Hung Shao-Yu , Tsao Chung-Kan , Kao Huang-Kai
Published: February 2025

Background: To investigate the risk factors for plate exposure in primary oral cancer patients with mandibular defects undergoing tumor ablation followed by vascularized free fibular flap (FFF) transfer, we conducted a retrospective observational study in a single institution in Taiwan.
Methods: Between 2015 and 2019, a total of 292 primary oral cancer patients who underwent FFF reconstruction was performed. A variety of clinicopathological, surgical together with post-operative parameters were identified and assessed. The data was statistically analyzed with univariate and multivariate logistic regression and the probability of plate exposure-free rate was plotted as Kaplan-Meier survival curve.
Results: The overall plate exposure rate was 28.76 %. The re-exploration group had a higher rate of plate exposure than patients without re-exploration (12.2% vs. 5%, p <0.05). The 3-year probability of plate exposure-free rate in patients with (n =216) and without (n =76) post-operative radiotherapy were 65.9% and 92.5%, and in patients with (n =141) and without (n= 151) post-operative wound infection were 55.3% and 91.2%, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression showed post-operative radiotherapy and wound infection were independent risk factors for developing plate exposure (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI]: 3.73 [1.37-10.68] and 10.71 [5.15-22.26], p = 0.01 and p <0.001, respectively). More patients required surgical intervention to manage the exposure of hardware.
Conclusions: Our study has highlighted that post-operative radiotherapy and post-operative wound infection are independent risk factors for plate exposure.
Influence and longevity of a microsurgery course for medical students on their future careers: A retrospective report of up to 10 years
Authors: Ritschl Lucas Maximilian , Grabenhorst Alex , Wolff Constantin Tibor , Pippich Katharina , Dick Dorothea , Berberat Pascal Oliver , Wolff Klaus-Dietrich , Fichter Andreas Maximilian
Published: February 2025

Background
This study evaluates the influence and longevity of a microsurgery course on the future careers of medical students over a period of up to 10 years. The course, which has been well-established for over 15 years, aimed to impart fundamental microsurgical skills through practical exercises using non-biological and biological models.

Material and methods
This study was conducted as an anonymous online cross-sectional survey. Only students who have completed a microsurgical training course at our department within a ten years period between 2013 and 2023 were eligible for this online survey. This survey aimed to analyze the subjective microsurgical skills at the time of the survey and the influence of the course on further career decisions and development.

Results
300 former participants were eligible and 120 answered the survey. Key findings showed that 99.2% of participants rated the course content and the balance of practice to theory as appropriate, with 100% feeling confident in their microsurgical suturing abilities post-course. A significant 87.5% felt competent to perform vascular anastomoses, though only 63.9% felt confident about nerve coaptation. Statistical analysis indicated no significant gender differences in course evaluations, though some differences were noted between semester-accompanying and block course participants. 54.2% of respondents reported using their microsurgical skills in their subsequent medical careers, and 50.4% indicated that the course influenced their medical specialization choices.

Conclusions
The study concludes that early exposure to microsurgical training can significantly impact students’ skills and career trajectories, supporting the integration of such courses into medical education curricula to enhance surgical training and professional development.
Homolytic Photocleavage of the B–N Bond in N-Heterocyclic Carbene Borane Scaffolds: Towards Efficient Type I Photoinitiators
Authors: Lalevée Jacques , Lacôte Emmanuel , Telitel Sofia , Blanchard Nicolas , Graff Bernadette
Published: February 2025

A new family of Type I photoinitiators based on N-heterocyclic carbene borane is introduced. The compounds are synthesized using a previously unknown homolytic B–N cleavage reaction. Three original NHC-amino borane compounds were designed and synthesized, and their UV absorption properties were assessed. All exhibit high molar extinction coefficients and frontier orbitals on the N-atom-bearing group. Their photolysis is rapid. ESR experiments clearly support the B–N homolytic bond cleavage to both NHC-BH2
• and a delocalized radical centered mostly on sulfur. Outstanding polymerization profiles of a benchmark trifunctional acrylate monomer are noted in laminate, where the final acrylate conversions reached 70% with filtered light (λ > 300 nm).
Histopathological Spectrum of Metaplastic Carcinoma of the Breast: A Rare Case Series and a Review of Literature
Authors: Dasgupta Senjuti , Jain Parul , Bhattacharyya Nirmal Kumar , Basu Avik
Published: February 2025

Introduction Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is one of the rare varieties of breast cancers (BCs) accounting for 0.2 to 2% of diagnosed cases. The tumor is known for its aggressive behavior with a large size at the time of diagnosis and rapid propagation.

Objectives The study aimed to evaluate all cases of MBC diagnosed over 4 years at a tertiary care institute and classify them according to the WHO classification of breast tumor (5th edition).

Materials and Methods All cases of MBC diagnosed in the last 4 years were reviewed retrospectively. Slides were prepared for both histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. Relevant data were recorded.

Results All seven patients included in the study were females with aged between 39 and 61 years. The mean size of the tumor mass was 7.14 ± 1.41 cm. None of the cases showed nodal involvement. The most common histological subtype was squamous cell carcinoma (3, 42.8%), two cases were MBC with heterologous differentiation (28.5%), and one case each of adenosquamous carcinoma and spindle cell carcinoma (14.2%) was diagnosed. All the cases were p63 positive and ER, PR, HER2/neu, CD34, and CD10 negative. Additional immunohistochemical markers were used to rule out the relevant differentials, whenever required.

Conclusion This study aims to provide an account of the cases of MBC encountered in the last 4 years in the institute. This would be helpful in future diagnosis and treatment of this rare and prognostically poor subtype of BC.
Sentiment preservation in Quran translation with artificial intelligence approach: study in reputable English translation of the Quran
Authors: Gaanoun Kamel , Alsuhaibani Mohammed
Published: February 2025

This paper addresses the challenge of preserving sentiment when translating sacred texts, with a specific focus on the Quran. The proposed approach combines advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, particularly deep learning-based Transformer Language Models (TLMs), with a novel human validation approach. We present a comprehensive study involving a newly created parallel dataset encompassing the Arabic Quran and seven English translations, analyzing the preservation of sentiment. Our findings reveal compelling insights, with neutral sentiment ranging from 59% to 74% in English translations compared to 66% in the original Arabic Quran. Negative sentiment in some translations reached 25%, while others ranged from 14% to 17%, closely paralleling the 24% in the Arabic version. Additionally, the agreement analysis among English translations indicates varying degrees of alignment, reaching a Good level (κ = 0.62) or a Moderate level (κ from 0.47 to 0.6). However, compared to the original Arabic Quran, none of the translations achieved high levels of agreement, with only four translations reaching a Fair score (approximately 0.21). These findings underscore the complexities of translating the Quran, particularly its classical Arabic, and emphasize the need for improved sentiment analysis models, potentially incorporating mixed sentiment categories to capture sentiment more effectively.
Continuum shock mixture models for Ni+Al multilayers: Individual layers and bulk equations of state
Authors: Kittell D. E. , Abere M. J. , Specht P. E. , Adams D. P.
Published: February 2025

Continuum shock mixture models are reviewed and applied to determine the equations of state for five different compositions of NixAly, as well as bulk Ni+Al reactive multilayers, by combining the fundamental property data for elemental nickel and aluminum. From the literature, we down-select and evaluate two analytical models for the mixture Hugoniot, i.e., the well-known method of kinetic energy averaging (KEA) and a recent model proposed by Jordan and Baer [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 083516 (2012)]. Fundamentally, the former method assumes pressure equilibrium, whereas the latter assumes a common particle velocity and mixture sound speed from compressible two-phase cavitating flows. Additionally, we construct thermodynamically complete equations of state by fitting Einstein oscillator series models for the specific heat at constant volume. Finally, the solid solution approximation is invoked for intermetallic compositions, which are not strictly physical mixtures. Overall, the KEA model provides a better fit to the available NixAly and Ni+Al multilayer shock compression data; however, there are combinations of material properties where the performance of these two models is thought to be reversed. Moreover, the results of this work include the first analytical solution of Jordan–Baer that does not require numerical root finding, as well as proposed modifications to the Einstein oscillator series to incorporate some effects of local pressure–temperature equilibrium and reaction–diffusion. Future work is planned that will use these equations of state in mesoscale simulations to study shock-induced reaction in Ni+Al multilayers, and the intended application is illustrated with a brief 2D hydrocode example.
Alloying and strain effect on the electron transport, mechanical, and optical properties of Ga2O3 monolayer: A first-principles investigation
Authors: Jia Xubo , Ning Yatian , Yu Jinying , Wu Yelong
Published: February 2025

In this work, we first investigate the effects of alloying on the transport properties of the ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor two-dimensional (2D) Ga2O3 using the special quasi-random structure approach and first-principles calculations. The primary change induced by alloying 2D Ga2O3 with Al2O3 and In2O3 is in electron mobility. Alloying with Al2O3 results in a decrease in electron mobility, while alloying with In2O3 leads to an increase, reaching a maximum of 1.430 × 104 cm2 V−1 s−1 in the (In0.75Ga0.25)2O3 alloy monolayer. Subsequently, we examine the effects of alloying on the mechanical and optical properties. The ductility of 2D Ga2O3 and its alloys is excellent, providing a solid foundation for strain engineering. Finally, we consider the impact of biaxial strain on the transport and optical properties of the Ga2O3 monolayer. The electron mobility of 2D Ga2O3 is significantly greater than that of hole mobility, and compressive strains in the a direction can further enhance it. In contrast, tensile strains can improve hole mobility in the b direction, facilitating bipolar transport. Both alloying and strain engineering can expand the optical absorption range of 2D Ga2O3 into the deep UV region, accompanied by high absorption coefficients.
Multi-center decomposition of molecular densities: A numerical perspective
Authors: Cheng YingXing , Cancès Eric , Ehrlacher Virginie , Misquitta Alston J. , Stamm Benjamin
Published: February 2025

In this study, we analyze various Iterative Stockholder Analysis (ISA) methods for molecular density partitioning, focusing on the numerical performance of the recently proposed Linear approximation of Iterative Stockholder Analysis (LISA) model [Benda et al., J. Chem. Phys. 156, 164107 (2022)]. We first provide a systematic derivation of various iterative solvers to find the unique LISA solution. In a subsequent systematic numerical study, we evaluate their performance on 48 organic and inorganic, neutral and charged molecules and also compare LISA to two other well-known ISA variants: the Gaussian iterative stockholder analysis and Minimum Basis Iterative Stockholder analysis (MBIS). The study reveals that LISA-family methods can offer a numerically more efficient approach with better accuracy compared to the two comparative methods. Moreover, the well-known issue with the MBIS method, where atomic charges obtained for negatively charged molecules are anomalously negative, is not observed in LISA-family methods. Despite the fact that LISA occasionally exhibits elevated entropy as a consequence of the absence of more diffuse basis functions, this issue can be readily mitigated by incorporating additional or integrating supplementary basis functions within the LISA framework. This research provides the foundation for future studies on the efficiency and chemical accuracy of molecular density partitioning schemes.
Transient Raman observation and bond properties of a mixed dihalide radical anion in water
Authors: Janik Ireneusz , Bhattacharya Susmita , Tripathi G. N. R.
Published: February 2025

An elusive short-lived mixed dihalide radical anion (BrCl·−), produced in water by radiation-induced reactions, has been observed and analyzed by time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy (TRRR) and density functional theory. The Raman spectrum of the radical consists of a prominently enhanced stretching vibration, represented by a band at 212 cm−1 and its overtones. Calculations by range-separated hybrid density functionals (ωB97x and LC-ωPBE) reproduce the experimental vibrational frequency well, with a corresponding bond length of 2.713 (±0.028) Å. A first order anharmonicity of ∼1.42 cm−1 determined for the Br–Cl stretching mode in the radical suggests a convergence of vibrational states at an energy of ∼1.01 eV, using the Birge–Sponer extrapolation. This value, estimated for the radical confined in the solvent cage, compares fairly well with the calculated gas-phase energy, 1.06 eV, required for the radical to dissociate into Br· and Cl− fragments. The Raman detection of a closely related radical, ICl·−, in water was unsuccessful. The reaction pathways and equilibria have been analyzed to discuss the observability of mixed dihalide and analogous radical species.
Resolving dispersive diffusion in layered perovskites with photocurrent-detected transient gratings
Authors: Gan Zijian , Mahmoodpour Saba , Gloor Camryn J. , Feng Shuyue , Yan Liang , You Wei , Moran Andrew M.
Published: February 2025

Coexistence of excitons and free charge carriers can complicate conventional spectroscopic studies of transport mechanisms in layered perovskite solar cells. Because of their large concentrations and absorbance cross sections, excitons tend to dominate spectroscopic signals and obscure observations of free charges in this class of systems. To investigate the effects of interstitial organic molecules on charge transport in photovoltaic devices, we apply a newly developed four-pulse transient grating method with photocurrent detection to layered perovskites possessing a range of quantum well thicknesses. In this method, a phase-stabilized “pump” pulse-pair photoexcites a carrier density grating in the active layer of a photovoltaic cell, whereas transport is time-resolved using the carrier density grating generated by a subsequent “probe” pulse-pair. Carrier diffusion mechanisms are revealed by measuring the recombination-induced nonlinear response of the device while varying the delay between pulse-pairs and phase difference between density gratings. Like drift velocity dispersion, our data suggest that encounters with inorganic–organic interfaces broaden the range of diffusivities in addition to skewing the distributions toward slower transit times. Rather than tunneling through the potential energy barriers associated with the organic material, the experimental measurements support a physical picture in which the photoexcited carriers traverse circuitous paths through the active layer while occupying the phases of the thickest quantum wells.
Dynamic characteristics and energy variation of droplet impacting on a quartz surface
Authors: Jiang Bingyou , Pan Gaochao , Zheng Chunshan , Wang Xiao-Han , Zhang Yi , Yin Jianqiang , Zhu Hongzheng
Published: February 2025

Understanding the impact process of droplets on surfaces is a crucial prerequisite for enhancing the efficiency of wetting dust removal. The collision dynamics between water droplets and quartz surfaces were investigated using a high-speed camera, revealing four distinct stages in this process. During the first three stages, there was an increase in droplet width and three-phase contact line over time, while the droplet height and contact angle decreased. These observations can be attributed to the combined effects of impulsive force and surface tension. With increasing droplet velocity, the duration of the first three stages prolonged, accompanied by an increase in both the diameter of the three-phase contact line and droplet width during the final stage, whereas there was a decrease in droplet height and contact angle. This behavior primarily arises from energy transfer involving kinetic energy converted into contact surface energy, droplet surface energy, and dissipated energy during collision events. Contact surface energy and droplet surface energy exhibited an upward trend with rising droplet velocity. Simultaneously, collision-induced dissipated energy increased proportionally with respect to droplet velocity. Notably, both the rate and ratio of dissipated energy demonstrated positive correlations with the Weber number; specifically following a linear relationship characterized by a slope value of 2.81. These findings offer valuable insights for advancing technology development related to equipment used for wetting dust removal.
A flow dynamics and energy coupled evaluation model for power consumption and temperature drop in the radial modulated pre-swirl system
Authors: Guo Jiafan , Liu Chuankai , Wang Chenghao , Qiu Tian , Ding Shuiting , Liu Peng
Published: February 2025

The aero-engine pre-swirl system plays a critical role in cooling turbine rotor blades to maintain their temperature within operational limits. With advancements in propulsion efficiency and the reliable implementation of the secondary air system functions, such as blade cooling, rim sealing, and axial force control, modulated pre-swirl systems present significant potential applications for next-generation aero-engines. Adjustments to the pre-swirl system inevitably influence power consumption and cooling air temperature. This study develops an evaluation model for power consumption and temperature drop in the radial modulated pre-swirl system, incorporating all sources of power consumption and accounting for the coupled interactions between upstream and downstream flow and energy. The accuracy of the proposed model is validated through numerical simulations, and deviation sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify and assess potential sources of error. Furthermore, the proposed evaluation model is employed to analyze the effects of pre-swirl angle, rotational speed, and system pressure ratio on the flow characteristics and temperature drop of the radial modulated pre-swirl system. The results indicate that the model's predictions for system power consumption and swirl ratio distribution align closely with numerical simulations and published literatures, with maximum deviations of 7.2% and 18.9%, respectively, and a maximum temperature drop error of 2.03 K. Deviation sensitivity analysis reveals that the pre-swirl temperature drop and the outlet swirl ratio exhibit low sensitivity to errors in torque calculations, with maximum observed deviations of 1.9% and 5.3%, respectively.
Environment-limited transfer of angular momentum in Bose liquids
Authors: Cappellaro Alberto , Bighin Giacomo , Cherepanov Igor , Lemeshko Mikhail
Published: February 2025

Impurity motion in a many-body environment has been a central issue in the field of low-temperature physics for decades. In bosonic quantum fluids, the onset of a drag force experienced by point-like objects is due to collective environment excitations, driven by the exchange of linear momentum between the impurity and the many-body bath. In this work we consider a rotating impurity, with the aim of exploring how angular momentum is exchanged with the surrounding bosonic environment. In order to elucidate these issues, we employ a quasiparticle approach based on the angulon theory, which allows us to effectively deal with the non-trivial algebra of quantized angular momentum in the presence of a many-body environment. We uncover how impurity dressing by environmental excitations can establish an exchange channel, whose effectiveness crucially depends on the initial state of the impurity. Remarkably, we find that there is a critical value of initial angular momentum, above which this channel effectively freezes.
Constructing N, B co-doped carbon nanosheets with pyridine N–B sites for boosting sodium-ion storage
Authors: Zhang Tiantian , Tian Tian , Kuai Shengxu , Yang Lu , Liu Lei , Yang Juan , Sun Dongfei
Published: February 2025

Carbonaceous materials have demonstrated extensive potential as anodes for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Nevertheless, large-scale commercial use is severely hampered by the slow reaction kinetics and rapid capacity fading. Heteroatom doping can create abundant active sites to improve the ion adsorption properties of carbon materials. Here, we report a novel nitrogen/boron co-doped carbon nanosheet (NB-CN) with abundant N–B bonds for efficient Na+ storage. B-doped MIL-68 as a carbon precursor can not only achieve uniform B doping but also serve as the nitrogen doping site to form N–B bonds. N, B co-doping could promote ion adsorption with improved hydrophilicity, while the 2D porous structure can accelerate the Na+ transfer kinetics. Benefitting from the synergistic effect of dual-doping and hierarchical porosity, NB-CN shows improved Na+ storage performance, NB-CN displays a high capacity of 307.1 mA h g−1 in SIBs at 0.1 A g−1, and still has a reversible capacity of 157 mA h g−1 for SIBs at 4 A g−1 after 8000 cycles. Moreover, the assembled NB-CNs//Na3V2(PO4)3/C full cell also exhibits the potential application prospect. This work provides an insight for designing dual-doped carbon materials for high-performance SIBs.
Control of flow behavior in complex fluids using automatic differentiation
Authors: Alhashim Mohammed G. , Hausknecht Kaylie , Brenner Michael P.
Published: February 2025

Inverse design of complex flows is notoriously challenging because of the high cost of high dimensional optimization. Usually, optimization problems are either restricted to few control parameters, or adjoint-based approaches are used to convert the optimization problem into a boundary value problem. Here, we show that the recent advances in automatic differentiation (AD) provide a generic platform for solving inverse problems in complex fluids. To demonstrate the versatility of the approach, we solve an array of optimization problems related to active matter motion in Newtonian fluids, dispersion in structured porous media, and mixing in journal bearing. Each of these problems highlights the advantages of AD in ease of implementation and computational efficiency to solve high-dimensional optimization problems involving particle-laden flows.
Illuminating an invisible state of the HIV-1 capsid protein CTD dimer using
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F NMR and weighted ensemble simulations
Authors: Yang Darian T. , Chong Lillian T. , Gronenborn Angela M.
Published: February 2025

The HIV-1 capsid protein (CA) assembles into a conical shell during viral maturation, encasing and protecting the viral RNA genome. The C-terminal domain (CTD) of the two-domain capsid protein dimerizes, and this dimer connects individual chains in the mature capsid lattice. Previous NMR studies have shown that different dimer arrangements can be formed by isolated capsid protein chains and in assembled capsid lattices; however, the dynamics and functional relevance of these alternate dimers are unknown. To explore the conformational landscape of the CA-CTD dimer, we carried out atomistic molecular dynamics simulations using the weighted ensemble path sampling strategy, generating an ensemble of conformations. Focusing on the two dimer forms previously observed via solution NMR, we refined the conformational ensemble to highlight two metastable states using a Markov state model. Experimentally, we measured the interconversion rates between the two alternate dimers using

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F NMR, and these rates showed good agreement with the interconversion rates derived from the simulations. After identifying the key interactions that distinguish the dimer states, the alternate dimer was further experimentally verified through disulfide crosslinking. Our results demonstrate the advantages of pairing weighted ensemble path sampling with

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F NMR to gain atomistic insights into the hidden dimer state of the HIV-1 capsid protein.
Corpus-driven study of interpreters’ use of Cantonese utterance particles in sentence-initial position in bilingual courtroom discourse
Authors: Wong Cecilia Lok Yee
Published: February 2025

This corpus-driven study examines how court interpreters utilize Cantonese utterance particles (UPs) in sentence-initial positions within the bilingual discourse of Hong Kong’s courtrooms. By analyzing 57,145 utterances from five sexual assault trials, we find that interpreters systematically employ UPs to manage interactions in court. Notably, the particles 咁 (gam) and 嗱 (na) account for 84% of sentence-initial occurrences, highlighting their significance in this context. Statistical analysis reveals significant differences in UP usage patterns across different cases (p < .001, η
2 = .878), suggesting the presence of intentional pragmatic strategies. The findings indicate that interpreters use UPs not only to regulate turn-taking but also to assert authority and adjust pragmatic force during witness examinations. This research enhances our understanding of the role of language in legal settings and emphasizes the importance of UPs in facilitating effective communication in bilingual courtroom environments.
Designing and validating a virtual reality prototype for photoelectric effect experiments
Authors: Bancong Hartono , Nanda Abd Rakhim
Published: February 2025

The photoelectric effect, which reveals the emission of electrons from material when exposed to light, is a foundational experiment in quantum physics that elucidates the interaction between light and matter. However, the lack of laboratory equipment and the difficulty of the experiment frequently prevent its conduct in educational settings. To address these challenges, this study developed and validated a virtual reality (VR) prototype designed to simulate the photoelectric effect experiment. The VR tool enables students to manipulate key variables such as light frequency and intensity, observe electron emission, and investigate the responses of various metals in real-time. The study adopted a research and development methodology, which involved iterative design, development, and validation by a panel of experts. The prototype was assessed on criteria including accuracy, educational value, and usability. The results indicate that the VR prototype accurately simulates the photoelectric effect. Validation data confirmed the educational effectiveness of the tool, which received high ratings for engagement and visual quality. While VR offers a flexible, scalable, and safe environment for exploring complex quantum phenomena, it is positioned as a complementary tool to enhance, rather than replace, traditional laboratory experiences. This approach is particularly valuable for institutions and high schools where expensive equipment may not be available. Future work will focus on expanding the scope of the VR tool to cover additional quantum experiments and improving user comfort to ensure broader accessibility for diverse educational settings.
Quantum backflow for two identical particles
Authors: Barbier Maximilien , Goussev Arseni
Published: February 2025

Quantum mechanics introduces the possibility for particles to move in a direction opposite to their momentum -- a counter-intuitive and classically impossible phenomenon known as quantum backflow. The magnitude of this effect is relatively small, making its experimental observation, which has yet to be achieved, particularly challenging. Here, we investigate the influence of quantum statistics on the maximal backflow attainable for two identical particles confined to a ring. Notably, we demonstrate that the fermionic statistics significantly impedes quantum backflow compared to the bosonic statistics. Our findings suggest that any future experimental realization of quantum backflow should prioritize systems involving bosons rather than fermions.
Interaction of longitudinal and transverse wave modes with quantum plasma
Authors: Rozina Ch , Afzal Asma , Poedts Stefaan
Published: February 2025

We examine the degenerate gravity waves in the presence of damped longitudinal waves. Specifically, under the assumption of linear longitudinal wave propagation in degenerate self-gravitating electron-ion plasmas, damp-wave is shown to reduce the Jeans instability (JI) as a function of degeneracy corrections, provided Jeans frequency is either equal to or less than the quantum ion-acoustic frequency. The Jeans threshold wavelength is an inverse function of quantum parameters. Whereas, if the Jeans frequency exceeds the ion-acoustic frequency at some specific gravitational scale length, the growth rate of gravitational waves is a function of both ion density concentration and quantum corrections via damp-longitudinal wave. The associated Jeans wavelengths and Jeans critical mass are defined. Next, the nonlinear interaction of short-scale transverse electromagnetic (EM) waves of two different harmonics with isotropic plasma under study are investigated to account for quantum nonlinear Landau damping (QNLD) of EM waves. We calculate the response of Fermi electrons to the nonlinear interaction of beat waves while considering a specific quantum regime where the group velocity of beat waves is comparable to the electron Fermi velocity. The Fermi electron population is then modelled by deriving a new type of nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation involving the nonlocal nonlinear term, which accounts for the QNLD, and the damping rate is calculated. Signatures of degeneracy effects on nonlinear decrement of EM beat waves are found more prominent at smaller values of Fermi electron density concentrations. Thereby, more energy can be available from the pump EM waves to the Fermi electrons, which may be used to accelerate them. Finally, we investigate the analytical results within astrophysical settings using numerical techniques.
Model-free prediction of chaotic dynamics with parameter-aware reservoir computing
Authors: Guo Jianmin , Du Yao , Luo Haibo , Wang Xuan , Yu Yizhen , Wang Xingang
Published: February 2025

Model-free, data-driven prediction of chaotic motions is a long-standing challenge in nonlinear science. Stimulated by the recent progress in machine learning, considerable attention has been given to the inference of chaos by the technique of reservoir computing (RC). In particular, by incorporating a parameter-control channel into the standard RC, it is demonstrated that the machine is able to not only replicate the dynamics of the training states, but also infer new dynamics not included in the training set. The new machine-learning scheme, termed parameter-aware RC, opens up new avenues for data-based analysis of chaotic systems, and holds promise for predicting and controlling many real-world complex systems. Here, using typical chaotic systems as examples, we give a comprehensive introduction to this powerful machine-learning technique, including the algorithm, the implementation, the performance, and the open questions calling for further studies.
The impact of free electron laser coherence on imaging quality
Authors: Wei Shuang , Gong Shuang , Bu Yang , Song Zi-Jian
Published: February 2025

The high temporal and spatial coherence of free electron lasers (FEL) reduces the uniformity of the illumination field, leading to scattering effects that blur the edges of patterns, resulting in diminished accuracy and clarity. Traditional imaging models regard the light source as fully incoherent, making it difficult to assess the impact of partially coherent light fields on imaging. If FELs are used in imaging systems, their coherence must be considered. To address this issue, this study explores the relationship between coherence, imaging quality, and speckle contrast through a simulation method based on random phases. The method divides the light beam into temporal and spatial coherence cells, analyzes their interactions, and simulates imaging results under different coherence conditions. Additionally, speckle patterns for various illumination modes are calculated to evaluate their effects on speckle contrast and illumination uniformity. The results indicate that under different illumination modes, illumination uniformity decreases as coherence increases, while speckle contrast increases with higher coherence. In terms of imaging quality, higher coherence leads to an increase in both line edge roughness and line width roughness, thereby reducing imaging quality. Additionally, the narrower the line width, the greater the impact of coherence on imaging quality, resulting in poorer imaging performance.
Nonreciprocal Microwave-Optical Entanglement in Kerr-Modified Cavity Optomagnomechanics
Authors: Liu Ming-Yue , Gong Yuan , Chen Jiaojiao , Wang Yan-Wei , Xiong Wei
Published: February 2025

Microwave-optical entanglement is essential for efficient quantum communication, secure information transfer, and integrating microwave and optical quantum systems to advance hybrid quantum technologies. In this work, we demonstrate how the magnon Kerr effect can be harnessed to generate and control nonreciprocal entanglement in cavity optomagnomechanics (COMM). This effect induces magnon frequency shifts and introduces pair-magnon interactions, both of which are tunable through the magnetic field direction, enabling nonreciprocal behavior. By adjusting system parameters such as magnon frequency detuning, we show that magnon-phonon, microwave-optical photon-photon, and optical photon-magnon entanglement can be nonreciprocally enhanced and rendered more robust against thermal noise. Additionally, the nonreciprocity of entanglement can be selectively controlled, and ideal nonreciprocal entanglement is achievable. This work paves the way for designing nonreciprocal quantum devices across the microwave and optical regimes, leveraging the unique properties of the magnon Kerr effect in COMM.
Simulation and analysis of a high-k electron-scale turbulence diagnostic for MAST-U
Authors: Speirs David C , Ruiz Ruiz Juan , Giacomin Maurizio , Hall-Chen Valerian Hongjie , Phelps Alan D R , Vann Roddy G L , Huggard Peter , Wang Hui , Field Anthony Robert , Ronald Kevin
Published: February 2025

Plasma turbulence on disparate spatial and temporal scales plays a key role in defining the level of confinement achievable in tokamaks, with the development of reduced numerical models for cross-scale turbulence effects informed by experimental measurements an essential step. MAST-U is a well-equipped facility having instruments to measure ion and electron scale turbulence at the plasma edge. However, measurement of core electron scale turbulence is challenging, especially in H mode. Using a novel synthetic diagnostic approach, we present simulated measurement specifications of a proposed highly optimised mm-wave based collective scattering instrument for measuring both normal and binormal electron scale turbulence in the core and edge of MAST-U. A powerful modelling framework has been developed that combines beam-tracing techniques with gyrokinetic simulations to predict the sensitivity and spectral range of measurement, with a quasi-numerical approach used to analyse the corresponding instrument selectivity functions. For the reconstructed MAST 022769 shot, a maximum measurable normalised bi-normal wavenumber of k_⊥ ρ_e ~ 0.6 was predicted in the core and k_⊥ ρ_e ~ 0.79 near the pedestal, with localisation lengths L_FWHM ranging from ~0.4 m in the core at k_⊥ ρ_e ~ 0.1 to ~0.08m at k_⊥ ρ_e> 0.45. Synthetic diagnostic analysis for the 022769 shot using CGYRO gyrokinetic simulation spectra reveal that ETG turbulence wavenumbers of peak spectral intensity comfortably fall within the measurable / detectable range of the instrument from the core to the pedestal. The proposed diagnostic opens up opportunities to study new regimes of turbulence and confinement, particularly in association with upcoming non-inductive, microwave based current drive experiments on MAST-U and can provide insight into cross-scale turbulence effects, while having suitability to operate during burning plasma scenarios on future reactors such as STEP (Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production).
A Multi-String Photovoltaic Current-Voltage (I-V) Curve Tracer
Authors: Rivai A , Erixno O , Rahim N A , Elias M F M , Jamaludin J , Ramadhani F
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the design and the development of multi-string I-V curve tracer for photovoltaic (PV) strings. It uses a capacitive load and double pole relay to measure the I-V characteristics of a multiple PV strings simultaneously. The prototype is developed using a PIC18F4550 micro-controller and a graphical user interface GUI designed using Microsoft’s Visual Studio software. The I-V characteristics of the PV string are displayed on LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and computer. The performance and functionality of the proposed I-V curve tracer have been tested using four PV strings. The experimental test shows that the proposed I-V tracer can measure and display the I-V characteristic of each PV string smoothly in the normal and shading conditions.
Techno-Economic Study of Palm Kernel Shell Biomass Operated on a Engine Diesel Dual Fuel
Authors: Suli H H , Sudarmanta B
Published: February 2025

The Indonesian government has implemented a carbon emission reduction program for Diesel Power Plants as part of its efforts to achieve Net Zero Emission (NZE) by 2060. The biomass-fueled power plant approach can reduce the use of fossil fuels and minimize carbon emissions. The purpose of this study was to determine the economic value of a dual-fuel diesel power plant with fuel oil and syngas produced through gasification, using dual-fuel diesel engine technology. Gasification process. The gasification used is a multi-stage downdraft gasifier model, with an optimal air ratio variation of 1:7:2 in the pyrolysis, oxidation, and reduction zones. An experiment was conducted on a diesel engine operating at a speed of 3000 rpm and subjected to various loads ranging from 500 Watts to 4500 Watts. The mass flow rate of syngas can be adjusted by opening four valves, and syngas is fed through the intake manifold of the diesel engine. The use of a dual-fuel engine, which combines syngas with biodiesel, can improve thermal efficiency and reduce B35 fuel consumption. This resulted in a reduction in the specific fuel consumption (SFC) value from 0.257 to 0.213 at a load of 3000 watts. Technoeconomic analysis shows that the utilization of this system has the capacity to generate lasting economic benefits, especially when considering environmental factors and accessibility of local resources.
Electric Wheelchair Conversion with Tracker System
Authors: Auliya R N , Ihsan M M , Wijaya I G P O I
Published: February 2025

Various electronic equipment has been created to help people’s daily lives, one of which is a wheelchair which can help with disabilities. This research aims to increase the mobility of older people, people with disabilities or pregnant women. In this research, a conventional wheelchair was designed to become an electric wheelchair. The designed electric wheelchair consists of two 36V BLDC motors, a 37V battery pack, a joystick as a controller, and a monitoring application that has the functions of monitoring voltage, battery current, and GPS tracking. Position monitoring is useful for notifying the user’s position, especially people who experience memory loss. Based on test results, it shows that with a battery capacity of 13.16 Ah it can cover a distance of 16.09 km in 2 hours 26 minutes 5 seconds, with an average speed of 6 km/h and a maximum speed of 18 km/h. The ideal weight for a wheelchair user is under 65 kg, with a maximum weight of 100 kg. The user’s weight has a significant influence on the distance the wheelchair travels; the heavier the user, the shorter the distance.
Critical Role of Crystal Orientation and Temperature in Determining the Mechanical Properties and Failure Mechanisms of Gold Nanowires: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Luthfiansyah D A , Ramadhan F R , Nur I H , Sahputra I H
Published: February 2025

The Molecular Dynamics simulations were performed using a parallel Molecular Dynamics code, LAMMPS. A model of Au nanowire was created with initial atomic positions corresponding to those of the bulk fcc Au lattice. The original length of the nanowire was 100 Å and the diameter was 40 Å. To simulate an infinitely long nanowire, periodic boundary conditions were applied in the Z direction. The system was first equilibrated using energy minimization using the Polak-Ribiere version of the conjugate gradient algorithm. The system was then brought to the thermal equilibrium with temperature variations of 150 K, 300 K, and 600 in the NVT ensemble. As temperature increases from 150 K to 600 K, tensile strength and Young’s modulus decline across all orientations due to increased atomic vibrations that weaken metallic bonds. Among the orientations tested, nanowires aligned with the original lattice (Z-axis <0 0 1>) exhibited the highest strength and stiffness at lower temperatures, suggesting greater robustness in this configuration. Notably, nanowires rotated 45° along the X or Y-axis demonstrated slightly better resilience to temperature-induced weakening, likely due to specific atomic arrangements in these orientations. Under tensile strain, nanowires with a 45° rotation around the Z-axis maintained a stable FCC structure up to 11.95% strain. Beyond this strain level, significant deformation occurred, characterized by the appearance of HCP regions and other structural deviations, which indicate a heightened risk of mechanical failure. In contrast, nanowires rotated around the X or Y-axis experienced structural transformations and complex dislocations at lower strain levels, underscoring a greater susceptibility to deformation and failure. These findings highlight the critical influence of temperature and crystallographic orientation on the mechanical behavior of gold nanowires.
Development of an Off-Grid Solar Power System to Support a Water Filtration System
Authors: Kristian M E , Ajiwiguna T A , Abarodi G A , Fitriyanti N
Published: February 2025

By integrating an Off-Grid Solar Power System, a DC water pump, and a cartridge filter system, the problem of contaminated water sources can be addressed. This study presents a simple method for designing the system and analyzing losses in the Off-Grid Solar Power System. This case study discusses the provision of electricity for a DC water pump in a cartridge filter system using an Off-Grid Solar Power System. First, the capacity of the PV system is estimated based on the electrical consumption of the DC pump for 1 day and the PSH at the project location. Second, the determination of system components is carried out by reviewing the capacity of the PV system and the electrical consumption of the DC pump. Third, an analysis of the losses of the Off-Grid Solar Power System is carried out when the battery is empty, using the method of charging the battery and turning on the DC pump simultaneously or alternately. The system is assembled using a 12V 7Ah battery capacity and a 19W DC pump. The results show that using the method 1 by turning on the pump after charging the battery will result in more energy losses compared with method 2 by turning on the pump simultaneously with charging the battery. Energy losses in the system can affect the amount of water produced by the system. The greater the energy losses in the system, the less water is produced. By using the method 2, an average of 966.87 liters of water can be produced per day. Meanwhile, by using the method 1, an average of 1176.37 liters of water can be produced per day.
A Smart Farming System for Rubber Nursery Management in Monitoring Plant Growth Performance Using IoT Technology
Authors: Sadikan S F N , Aziz M L H A , Umor M A S , Mahzan S , Marjudi S , Salamat M A , Dunne R S
Published: February 2025

Rubber plantations are an integral part of economy in Malaysia. However, inadequate soil moisture poses a significant problem for rubber trees as it can lead to water stress, ultimately hindering their growth, leaf development, and latex production. Water stress occurs when the trees are unable to obtain sufficient water from the soil, which resulting in stunted growth, leaf development, leading to fewer and smaller leaves. There is needed an effective water management strategy to ensure optimal growth of rubber trees for latex production. Thus, this project is aim to design and build an active soil monitoring system based on the Internet of Things (IoT). This system is made up of two major components: soil moisture and light intensity. The first component is a soil moisture sensor, which determines the soil’s moisture content; light intensity sensor, which detects the intensity of the light and ANSELF Brushless DC Pump connected to an Arduino. This system provides sustainable solutions to increase crop output, reduce waste, and develop a greener plant cultivation. This smart monitoring plant growth system prototype is important in agriculture and plant production. It has potential to promote healthy plant growth and increase agricultural production.