bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance enhancing of MIMO‐OFDM system utilizing different interleaving techniques with rate‐less fountain raptor code
Authors: Kasban H. , Hashima Sherief , Nassar Sabry , Mohamed Ehab Mahmoud , El‐Bendary Mohsen A. M.
Published: October 2022

Due to the importance of both rate‐less digital fountain codes and Multi‐Input Multi‐Output (MIMO) schemes in Fifth and Sixth Generation (5G/6G) wireless networks, this paper investigates enhancing the performance of MIMO‐Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO‐OFDM) based system by employing the rate‐less fountain codes. The rate‐less codes, such as the Tornado codes and Raptor codes, have a flexible code rate that differs from the classical channel coding schemes. This paper uses Raptor code to study the MIMO system's performance with the rate‐less codes over different wireless communications channels. The proposed MIMO‐fountain code‐based system has been tested over the various wireless communication channel conditions concerning the varied Frequency Doppler (FD). In the proposed rate‐less wireless communication system, multiple interleaving techniques and equalizers are used to improve its performance. Computer‐based simulation experiments are assigned to evaluate the MIMO‐fountain code system using the different data transmission scenarios. Simulation results confirm the superiority of the presented wireless rate‐less system compared to fixed‐rate wireless systems in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) and throughput.
Large signal stability criterion of AC–DC hybrid microgrids with constant power loads considering reference current limitation
Authors: Liu Xinbo , Li Zongyang , Song Xiaotong , Zhou Jinghua , Qu Yaxin
Published: October 2022

Islanded AC–DC hybrid microgrids composed of new energy sources, constant power loads and energy storage system are typical non‐linear systems, and guaranteeing large signal stability is a key issue. In this paper, the non‐linear model of islanded AC–DC hybrid microgrids is established, and large signal stability criteria are obtained. Considering reference current limitation of the energy DC–AC converter, the derived large signal stability criterion gives important constraints on the constant power loads power, the power of energy storage unit, DC bus voltage, the inductor and equivalent resistance of the AC filter, DC capacitor, the proportional parameter of the inner current controller and the maximum instantaneous power of the DC–AC converter. The paper is summarized as follows. Firstly, the equivalent model of the AC–DC hybrid microgrids in DQ rotating frame is established. Then based on mixed potential theory, the mixed potential model is constructed, and large signal stability criterion is derived and optimized considering the reference current limitation of the DC–AC converter. Finally, the presented criterion is verified by simulation and experimental results.
Mathematical modeling of a bi-objective hub location-routing problem for rapid transit networks
Authors: Fallah-Tafti Malihe , Honarvar Mahboobeh , Tavakkoli-Moghaddam Reza , Sadegheih Ahmad
Published: October 2022

This paper aims to develop a mathematical model for rapid transit networks based on a hub and spoke model, comprising stopovers (stations) in the hub and non-hub (spoke) alignments. Due to the use of rapid transit systems in both the hub-level sub-network (i.e., the network among the hub nodes) and the spoke-level sub-network (i.e., the network which connect the spoke nodes to each other and to the hub nodes), the proposed model relaxes some of the usual assumptions in classical hub location models. In the proposed model, the transshipment of flows among the spoke nodes is possible, the setup costs of all the hub and spoke nodes and edges are considerable, and both hub and spoke edges have capacity constraints. In addition to the network infrastructure designed through decisions about the locations of the hub and spoke nodes and edges, the hub and spoke rapid transit lines are determined along with the routes of demands in those lines. The model incorporates profit and service time criteria. An adaptive large neighborhood search solution algorithm is developed whose efficiency is proved by the computational results. Some managerial insight is also provided through the analysis of the resulting networks under various parameter settings.
A wave of support? A natural experiment on how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the popularity of a basic income
Authors: Van Hootegem Arno , Laenen Tijs
Published: October 2022

Although a basic income (BI) has already been widely debated, the COVID-19 crisis further intensified the discussion about this periodic cash payment that is unconditionally delivered to all. However, it remains unclear whether the crisis spurred a wave of public support for its introduction. To investigate this, we aim to answer two research questions: (1) How did support for a BI evolve in reaction to the COVID-19 crisis? and (2) To what extent did the evolution in support differ across regional contexts and social groups with varying levels of deprivation? We rely on a natural experiment by analysing data from the Belgian National Elections Study that was collected both before and during the pandemic. The results indicate an increase in support for a BI due to the pandemic, although it seems short lived and not necessarily specific to a BI. Importantly, however, the increase in popularity is only observable in the high-unemployment French-speaking region of Belgium and among relatively deprived groups.
Nonlinearity parameter in the pathlength dimension to improve the scattering in the transmission spectra
Authors: Luo Yongshun , Li Gang , Shan Guosong , Xiao Suhua , Lin Ling
Published: October 2022

In spectrochemical quantitative analysis of solutions containing scattering components, the spectral nonlinearity caused by scattering seriously affects the prediction accuracy, robustness, and even feasibility of the models. Unlike the traditional methods (modeling with the spectra data of single pathlength) of approximating the nonlinear spectral line to linear to reduce the nonlinear features of scattering, a new method is proposed to reduce the effect of scattering by taking advantage of the nonlinear characteristics of spectral lines. First, the logarithmic function is used to fit the attenuation of multiple pathlengths, then the regression coefficient of the function is taken as the characteristic parameter of scattering, and the wavelengths with smaller characteristic parameter are selected as the modeling wavelengths. The model is robust and insensitive to the effect of scattering. The experiment involving a variety of scattering cases containing intralipids and ink was taken to verify the method. An F-test of the experimental results was significant at the 0.05 level. The root mean square error of prediction of the new method was 1.94%, and the prediction accuracy was 75.5% higher than that of the traditional model. The new method provides a novel approach toward describing the spectral nonlinearity with a function.
Can lidars assess wind plant blockage in simple terrain? A WRF-LES study
Authors: Sanchez Gomez Miguel , Lundquist Julie K. , Mirocha Jeffrey D. , Arthur Robert S. , Muñoz-Esparza Domingo , Robey Rachel
Published: October 2022

Wind plant blockage reduces wind velocity upstream of wind plants, reducing the power generated by turbines adjacent to the inflow, and potentially throughout the plant as well. The nature of the mechanism that amplifies blockage as well as the velocity reductions in both the induction zone and potentially deeper into the array are not well understood. Field observations can provide valuable insight into the characteristics of the induction zone and the mechanisms that amplify it. However, the relatively small velocity reductions that have been measured experimentally pose a challenge in quantifying blockage, especially in onshore environments with flow heterogeneities that may be of the same scale as the blockage effect itself. We simulate the flow around the King Plains wind plant in the relatively simple terrain of Oklahoma, the location of the American WAKE experimeNt, to evaluate wind plant blockage in this environment. Using numerical simulations, we find the largest velocity deceleration (0.64 m s−1; 8%) immediately upstream of the wind plant, and 1% velocity deficits 24 rotor diameters upstream of the first turbine row. We also use virtual measurements upstream of the wind plant to analyze the uncertainties and difficulties in measuring blockage using a scanning lidar on shore. Based on our virtual lidar study, the induction zone of land-based wind plants can be incorrectly estimated using observations if the effects of nonuniform terrain on the flow are not carefully considered. Changes in terrain elevation produce local variations in wind speed (as measured by a scanning lidar) that exceed in magnitude the deceleration within the induction zone. We refer to these local changes in wind speed as terrain effects. A methodology to differentiate between terrain effects and blockage in experimental settings is proposed and evaluated herein, highlighting the difficulties and uncertainties associated with measurement and simulation of blockage in even relatively simple onshore environments.
Phononic twisted moiré lattice with quasicrystalline patterns
Authors: Jiang Zihan , Liu Jianting , Zheng Shengjie , Duan Guiju , Xia Baizhan
Published: October 2022

Twisted moiré lattices (TMLs) are superlattices that usually comprise two identical two-dimensional lattices with a relative twist angle. Depending on the twist angle, periodic and aperiodic patterns are afforded. Recently, flat bands and localized states have been achieved in photonic and phononic TMLs with periodic patterns. However, the physics of phononic TMLs with quasicrystalline patterns still need to be determined. In this Letter, we theoretically and experimentally realize point- and loop-shaped localized states induced by the flat bands in phononic TMLs with quasicrystalline patterns. The flat bands in our phononic TML do not occur due to the hybridization of the bands near the Dirac point. They evolve from the trivial bands; trivial bands flatten in wide bandgaps due to strong interlayer couplings, yielding flat bands. As the average group velocity of flat bands can be extremely close to zero, the localized states can be bounded in the moiré points and the moiré loops of phononic TMLs with quasicrystalline patterns. Our findings provide a method for manipulating classical waves in various moiré structures with quasicrystalline patterns.
Predicting aerodynamic pressure on a square cylinder from wake velocity field by masked gated recurrent unit model
Authors: Yan Mengtao , Zhang Zhiming , Gao Shangce , Cao Shuyang
Published: October 2022

A masked gated recurrent unit (GRU) model is proposed to establish the mapping relationship between surface pressures on a square cylinder and wake velocities, which can be used to predict statistical and instantaneous aerodynamic pressure fields on a square cylinder from its wakefield. A novel mask net is proposed to figure out one or two wake points where the velocities contribute dominantly to the surface pressure field. A three-dimensional unsteady large-eddy simulation of flow around a square cylinder is performed at Re = 22 000 to generate data for training and validating the proposed models. Results show that local mean pressure coefficients can be well predicted from velocities at even one wake point, but the accuracies of predicting fluctuating pressure coefficients and time-series of local pressure coefficients depend on both the model and the surface pressure location, with more satisfactory predictions achieved in the cross-flow direction. High correlation coefficients of pressure coefficient distributions around a square cylinder between predicted and real distributions are achieved except for the masked GRU model with one wake point. Meanwhile, in terms of the temporal correlation coefficient, all models exhibit good prediction of time-series of pressure coefficients on the side and back surfaces where they are strongly affected by vortex shedding and lower accuracy on the front surface where the pressure coefficients deviate somewhat randomly around the mean value. Large prediction error occurs at the corners of the square cylinder. This study has potential application to risk analysis of structures subject to flow-induced loads.
Comparison of GaN and InGaAs high electron mobility transistors as zero-bias microwave detectors
Authors: Paz-Martínez G. , Íñiguez-de-la-Torre I. , Sánchez-Martín H. , García-Vasallo B. , Wichmann N. , González T. , Mateos J.
Published: October 2022

We report on the measurements of the two main figures of merit for microwave detection, namely, responsivity and noise equivalent power (NEP), in HEMTs based on two of the most broadly used material systems AlGaN/GaN and AlInAs/InGaAs. A comparison between their performances as RF detectors in a wide temperature range is provided by means of experiments made under probes with direct connection to the drain contact. InGaAs HEMTs exhibit much better responsivity and NEP, which are further improved when lowering the working temperature. Moreover, we analyze the possibility of optimizing the current-mode detection of the transistors by improving the impedance matching conditions through an adequate choice of the device width W.
Electrically controlled molecular fingerprint retrieval with van der Waals metasurface
Authors: Hu Yunsheng , Bai Yihua , Zhang Qing , Yang Yuanjie
Published: October 2022

Polaritons in two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) materials possess extreme light confinement, which have emerged as a potential platform for next-generation biosensing and infrared spectroscopy. Here, we propose an ultra-thin and electric tunable graphene/hexagonal boron nitride/graphene metasurface for detecting molecular fingerprints over a broad spectrum. The vdW metasurface supports hybrid plasmon–phonon polariton resonance with high-quality factor (Q > 120) and electrically controlled broadband spectra tunability from 6.5 to 7 μm. After coating a thin layer of bio-molecular (e.g., CBP) on top of the metasurface, the molecular absorption signatures can be readout at multiple spectral points and, thus, achieve broadband fingerprint retrieval of bio-molecules. Additionally, our electric tunable metasurface works as an integrated graphene-based field-effect transistor device, without the need of multiple resonance generators such as angle-resolved or pixelated dielectric metasurfaces for broadband spectra scanning, thereby paving the way for highly sensitive, miniaturized, and electrically addressed biosensing and infrared spectroscopy.
Air-entrained vortex in open intake: Time–frequency analysis and the interaction with subsurface vortices
Authors: Huang Xianbei , Fang Tao , Pang Kaiwen , Guo Qiang , Qiu Baoyun , Lu Jiaxing
Published: October 2022

In this paper, the simple coupled level-set and volume of fluid and bifurcation models are used for the accurate prediction of the flow in an open pump intake with a vertical pipe. The continuous wavelet transform, which is suitable for the vortex detection, is applied to the pressure signals near both air-entrained and subsurface vortices. Low-frequency with long duration for air-entrained vortex due to the vortex wandering and broadband with short duration for floor vortices (dominant in subsurface vortices) due to the generation of extreme strong vortex are observed. The vortex motion mechanism is revealed by the analysis of the transport equation of the vertical vorticity's enstrophy. Different from the previous results in which the tilting effect controls the vortex motion, the stretching effect is found to be dominating when it is large enough. When going through the bell mouth, the air-entrained vortex's vorticity changes the sign and strengthens the vortex with the same sign. On the plane near the bell mouth, three vortex patterns, including co-rotating pair, merging, and counter-rotating pair, are observed. The onset criterion of the vortex merging at a/b = 0.29–0.32 is found to be applicable to the present case. The counter-rotating pair is found to be more stable. Air-entrained vortex serves as an amplification of the strong vortices generated from the subsurface.
The electrohydrodynamic plumes evolution in viscoelastic fluids with energy transfer process
Authors: Zhang Zi-Yao , Chen Di-Lin , Jiang Hao-Kui , Su Zheng-Gang , Luo Kang , Yi Hong-Liang
Published: October 2022

Two-dimensional direct numerical simulation was carried out to investigate the various dynamic characteristics of electrohydrodynamic plumes in viscoelastic fluids in a complex blade-plate configuration. Here, the effects of different elasticities (Weissenberg number, Wi) and the maximum possible extension lengths (L) of polymer are studied. The results show that a new stem expansion process is found for viscoelastic plumes, which is explained by the transport mechanism of free charges. The rise and spread of plumes are promoted with an increase in elasticity and L, which we interpret from both an energy perspective and through the concept of the first principal normal stress difference (Np) for the first time. Our results suggest that when elasticity is weak, the total currents in the system are slightly enhanced due to the denser charge density, and above a certain value of Wi they are considerably inhibited maximum by 11.8% with the increasing of Wi or L mainly because of the variation in Uy.
Shock train/glancing shock/boundary layer interaction in a curved isolator with sidewall contraction
Authors: Liang Gang , Huang He-Xia , Tan Hui-Jun , Luo Zhong-Qi , Tang Xue-Bin , Li Can-Min , Cai Jia
Published: October 2022

Herein, a curved isolator with sidewall contraction of a hypersonic scramjet is extracted and simplified. The flow characteristics in the isolator with an entrance Mach number of 3.46 are studied. The results show that the lateral contraction of the sidewall generates a strong shock and its subsequent reflected shock, which induce glancing shock wave/boundary layer interaction (GSWBLI), rolling up large-scale vortices adjacent to the symmetry plane. As the downstream backpressure increases, the shock train propagates upstream and interacts with the glancing shock and vortices inevitably, forming a typical shock train/glancing shock/boundary layer interaction (STGSBLI) phenomenon. Different from the shock train in a straight isolator, it can be divided into two distinct parts, i.e., the center part and the side part. For the center part, it behaves in a quasi-two-dimensional manner, which is primarily associated with STGSBLI, forcing the low-momentum subsonic flow to principally accumulate near the symmetry plane and weakening the spanwise pressure gradient in the center part. For the side part, it locates behind the glancing and reflected shocks and is much shorter than the center part, resulting in a streamwise extension of the supersonic flow region near the sidewall. As the shock train moves upstream, the quasi-two-dimensional region enlarges and extends to the sidewall. It is demonstrated that the aforementioned two parts of the shock train can also be discovered in curved sidewall-contraction isolators with different centerlines. Therefore, the STGSBLI is the dominant and universal physical phenomenon in isolators with sidewall contraction.
Magnetic circular dichroism within the algebraic diagrammatic construction scheme of the polarization propagator up to third order
Authors: Fedotov Daniil A. , Scott Mikael , Scheurer Maximilian , Rehn Dirk R. , Dreuw Andreas , Coriani Sonia
Published: October 2022

We present an implementation of the B term of Magnetic Circular Dichroism (MCD) within the Algebraic Diagrammatic Construction (ADC) scheme of the polarization propagator and its Intermediate State Representation. As illustrative results, the MCD spectra of the ADC variants ADC(2), ADC(2)-x, and ADC(3) of the molecular systems uracil, 2-thiouracil, 4-thiouracil, purine, hypoxanthine 1,4-naphthoquinone, 9,10-anthraquinone, and 1-naphthylamine are computed and compared with results obtained by using the Resolution-of-Identity Coupled-Cluster Singles and Approximate Doubles method, with literature Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory results, and with available experimental data.
Optimizing control of stationary cross-flow vortices excited by surface roughness
Authors: Thomas Christian , Mughal Shahid
Published: October 2022

Stationary cross-flow vortices are excited within the swept Hiemenz boundary layer via surface roughness and actively controlled using an optimally configured control device. Control is modeled using localized wall motion, but in practice the optimization strategy could be applied to other laminar flow control technologies. A sensor-control iterative procedure, based on solutions of the forward and adjoint linearized Navier–Stokes equations, is applied to both feedforward and feedback loop systems. The former strategy only allows the control settings to be configured once, while the latter approach permits the repeated reoptimization of the control device. Surface roughness establishes a stationary cross-flow disturbance with a predefined set of flow conditions, but an unknown amplitude and phase. A sensor measures the local amplitude of the perturbation and relays the information to the control mechanism. Solutions of the adjoint linearized Navier–Stokes equations are coupled with the sensor measurements to configure and optimize the control mechanism, and establish an anti-phase wave that brings about destructive wave interference. The amplitude of the stationary cross-flow instability is reduced by an order 103 for the feedforward system, while amplitude reductions of the order 103 per iteration and 108 overall are realizable for the feedback modeling approach. Similar levels of flow control are realizable for a multiple controller configuration. However, stationary cross-flow disturbances could not be eliminated indefinitely. Inevitably, the cross-flow instability started to grow again, albeit at a considerably lower magnitude. The analysis is extended to include the effects of systematic error in the sensors measuring capability.
Ovarian cancer cell fate regulation by the dynamics between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Zhao Guangyuan , Tan Yuying , Cardenas Horacio , Vayngart David , Wang Yinu , Huang Hao , Keathley Russell , Wei Jian-Jun , Ferreira Christina R. , Orsulic Sandra , Cheng Ji-Xin , Matei Daniela
Published: October 2022

Fatty acids are an important source of energy and a key component of phospholipids in membranes and organelles. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are converted into unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) by stearoyl Co-A desaturase (SCD), an enzyme active in cancer. Here, we studied how the dynamics between SFAs and UFAs regulated by SCD impacts ovarian cancer cell survival and tumor progression. SCD depletion or inhibition caused lower levels of UFAs vs. SFAs and altered fatty acyl chain plasticity, as demonstrated by lipidomics and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy. Further, increased levels of SFAs resulting from SCD knockdown triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response with brisk activation of IRE1α/XBP1 and PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 axes. Disorganized ER membrane was visualized by electron microscopy and SRS imaging in ovarian cancer cells in which SCD was knocked down. The induction of long-term mild ER stress or short-time severe ER stress by the increased levels of SFAs and loss of UFAs led to cell death. However, ER stress and apoptosis could be readily rescued by supplementation with UFAs and reequilibration of SFA/UFA levels. The effects of SCD knockdown or inhibition observed in vitro translated into suppression of intraperitoneal tumor growth in ovarian cancer xenograft models. Furthermore, a combined intervention using an SCD inhibitor and an SFA-enriched diet initiated ER stress in tumors growing in vivo and potently blocked their dissemination. In all, our data support SCD as a key regulator of the cancer cell fate under metabolic stress and point to treatment strategies targeting the lipid balance.
The hurtfulness of slurs, nouns and adjectives as group labels
Authors: Hogeweg Lotte , Neuleman Monique
Published: October 2022

Slurs are pejorative terms for groups of people, relating to for example their nationality, their sexual
orientation, etc. While there is a lot of discussion about slurs, they are typically characterized in relation to a neutral noun.
In this article we will explore this distinction between neutral and offensive group labels. By means of a small experiment, we
show that slurs are indeed considered to be more hurtful than their corresponding ‘neutral’ nouns, but that at least some of these
nouns themselves are experienced as more hurtful than adjective noun combinations. We suggest that the results are in line with
analyses in which the degree to which a term is considered to be hurtful is based on its inherent (i.e. conventionalized)
properties, as well as the context in which it is used. We suggest that such analyses could be extended to nouns, such that terms
can be neutral or non-neutral to various degrees.
Claiming common ground with utterance-final particle hoor in Dutch
Authors: de Hoop Helen , Mulder Gijs
Published: October 2022

In this article we conduct a pragmatic analysis of the Dutch utterance-final particle hoor (lit.
‘hear’). Apparently, hoor has contradictory uses. It ex-presses politeness (involvement, togetherness), but it can
also contribute to the face-threatening force of an utterance. We argue that there is a core meaning that all uses share, which is
that by adding hoor, speakers claim a proposition at issue to be part of the common ground. This core meaning
will be shown to account for hoor’s key characteristics. Hoor expresses involvement and is often
attached to speech acts that are intrinsically polite, such as apologizing and giving compliments. Also, while
hoor never occurs in interrogative sentences, it can be used with a certain type of directive speech acts,
namely those that are in the interest of the hearer or are presented as having shared interests.
A nanosyntactic approach to Dutch deadjectival verbs
Authors: Wyngaerd Guido Vanden , Clercq Karen De , Caha Pavel
Published: October 2022

There are three ways of deriving verbs in Dutch: through zero marking, through suffixation, and through prefixation. We focus on prefixed deadjectival verbs, contrasting two views. According to the first view, prefixed verbs are left-headed: the prefix is responsible for the change in category, i.e. [Vver [Abreed]]. The second view holds that prefixed verbs are right-headed, and involve a zero verbalizing suffix, i.e. [Vver [V[Abreed] ∅]]. We argue in this paper for a mixed, nanosyntactic, approach. We adoptRamchand’s (2008)decomposition of the verb and argue that the prefix spells out part of the verbal structure and the verbal root spells out another part.
Social class, economic and political grievances and radical left voting: The role of macroeconomic performance
Authors: Ramaekers Marlou , Karremans Twan , Lubbers Marcel , Visser Mark
Published: October 2022

The classic gap between lower and higher social classes in their likelihood to vote for radical left parties (RLPs) persists to this day. Prior studies showed that economic and political grievances predict support for the radical left, but they largely neglected to address whether the working class is more likely to vote for RLPs because they are economically and politically dissatisfied. This study, therefore, examines the explanatory role of economic and political grievances. It also examines whether the class cleavage in RLP support depends on a country's economic performance in terms of wealth, unemployment and income inequality. European Social Survey data on 19 countries between 2002 and 2018 are analysed using three-level logistic regression models. The results replicate that people in lower social classes are more likely to vote for RLPs than those in higher ones. They do so because they are more dissatisfied with the economy, democracy and, particularly, income inequality. Against expectations, class voting for the radical left is not conditional on macroeconomic performance. Yet, RLPs turn out to be more electorally successful as a result of economic and political grievances in times of economic prosperity, suggesting that feelings of relative deprivation spur radical left voting.
TBC1D18 is a Rab5-GAP that coordinates endosome maturation together with Mon1
Authors: Hiragi Shu , Matsui Takahide , Sakamaki Yuriko , Fukuda Mitsunori
Published: October 2022

Rab5 and Rab7 are known to regulate endosome maturation, and a Rab5-to-Rab7 conversion mediated by a Rab7 activator, Mon1–Ccz1, is essential for progression of the maturation process. However, the importance and mechanism of Rab5 inactivation during endosome maturation are poorly understood. Here, we report a novel Rab5-GAP, TBC1D18, which is associated with Mon1 and mediates endosome maturation. We found that increased active Rab5 (Rab5 hyperactivation) in addition to reduced active Rab7 (Rab7 inactivation) occurs in the absence of Mon1. We present evidence showing that the severe defects in endosome maturation in Mon1-KO cells are attributable to Rab5 hyperactivation rather than to Rab7 inactivation. We then identified TBC1D18 as a Rab5-GAP by comprehensive screening of TBC-domain-containing Rab-GAPs. Expression of TBC1D18 in Mon1-KO cells rescued the defects in endosome maturation, whereas its depletion attenuated endosome formation and degradation of endocytosed cargos. Moreover, TBC1D18 was found to be associated with Mon1, and it localized in close proximity to lysosomes in a Mon1-dependent manner.
Membrane compartmentalization of Ect2/Cyk4/Mklp1 and NuMA/dynein regulates cleavage furrow formation
Authors: Sana Shrividya , Rajeevan Ashwathi , Kotak Sachin
Published: October 2022

In animal cells, spindle elongation during anaphase is temporally coupled with cleavage furrow formation. Spindle elongation during anaphase is regulated by NuMA/dynein/dynactin complexes that occupy the polar region of the cell membrane and are excluded from the equatorial membrane. How NuMA/dynein/dynactin are excluded from the equatorial membrane and the biological significance of this exclusion remains unknown. Here, we show that the centralspindlin (Cyk4/Mklp1) and its interacting partner RhoGEF Ect2 are required for NuMA/dynein/dynactin exclusion from the equatorial cell membrane. The Ect2-based (Ect2/Cyk4/Mklp1) and NuMA-based (NuMA/dynein/dynactin) complexes occupy mutually exclusive membrane surfaces during anaphase. The equatorial membrane enrichment of Ect2-based complexes is essential for NuMA/dynein/dynactin exclusion and proper spindle elongation. Conversely, NuMA-based complexes at the polar region of the cell membrane ensure spatially confined localization of Ect2-based complexes and thus RhoA. Overall, our work establishes that membrane compartmentalization of NuMA-based and Ect2-based complexes at the two distinct cell surfaces restricts dynein/dynactin and RhoA for coordinating spindle elongation with cleavage furrow formation.
DyStSLAM: an efficient stereo vision SLAM system in dynamic environment
Authors: Li Xing , Shen Yehu , Lu Jinbin , Jiang Quansheng , Xie Ou , Yang Yong , Zhu Qixin
Published: October 2022

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is the basis for many robotic applications. Most SLAM algorithms are based on the assumption that the scene is static. In real-world applications, moving objects are inevitable, which will greatly impact the ego-pose estimation accuracy. This paper presents DyStSLAM, a visual SLAM system with a stereo configuration that can efficiently identify moving objects and accomplish dynamic data association. First of all, DyStSLAM extracts feature points, estimates the disparity map, and performs instance segmentation simultaneously. Then, the obtained results are combined to estimate the motion confidence and discriminate between moving objects and static ones. A confidence based matching algorithm is proposed to associate dynamic objects and estimate the pose of each moving object. At the same time, static objects are used to estimate the pose of the camera. Finally, after nonlinear optimization, a sparse point cloud map of both static background and dynamic objects is constructed. Compared with ORB-SLAM2, the proposed method outperforms by 31% for absolute trajectory error on the KITTI dataset.
Spin and polarization: a new direction in relativistic heavy ion physics
Authors: Becattini Francesco
Published: October 2022

Since the first evidence of a global polarization of Λ hyperons in relativistic nuclear collisions in 2017, spin has opened a new window in the field, both at experimental and theoretical level, and an exciting perspective. The current state of the field is reviewed with regard to the theoretical understanding of the data, reporting on the most recent achievements and envisioning possible developments. The intriguing connections of spin physics in relativistic matter with fundamental questions in quantum field theory and applications in the non-relativistic domain are discussed.
Electromagnetic actuator design for distributed stiffness
Authors: Zuliani Fabio , Paik Jamie
Published: October 2022

Origami robots characterized by rigid plates linked together with flexible joints have inherent compliance and large deformations. Their low-profile design and folding mechanical transmissions provide substantial force and torque, especially for wearables and human-interactive devices. The current major limitation in the field is the need for embeddable dynamic actuation systems that produce actuation frequencies similar to human motion. In this study, we propose a novel low-profile printable electromagnetic actuator that can be integrated into thin large robotic surfaces made of rigid panels and into the streamlined pushbutton manufacturing process. We use already existing variable stiffness joints to demonstrate the scalability and distributable properties of the proposed actuation system on a locally controllable variable-stiffness distributed surface.
Field quality and surface resistance studies of a superconducting REBa2Cu3O7−x
—Cu hybrid coating for the FCC beam screen
Authors: Telles G T , Romanov A , Calatroni S , Granados X , Puig T , Gutierrez J
Published: October 2022

To ensure beam stability in the future circular collider study of the European Organization for Nuclear Research, RE(=Y, Gd, Eu)Ba2Cu3O

7
−
x

high-temperature superconductor was proposed as a low-surface impedance coating for its beam screen. Unfortunately, persistent currents in the superconductor will degrade the magnetic field homogeneity inside the beam chamber, endangering the stability of the beam trajectory. To counteract this effect, we have explored the possibility of using a highly conductive hybrid coating made of Cu and REBa2Cu3O

7
−
x

. This decreases the surface impedance when compared to that of pure copper, while maintaining high magnetic field quality inside the beam screen chamber. This work formulates guidelines for hybrid coating geometries to comply with the field quality criterion of a circular accelerator during operation with dipole magnets by means of finite elements numerical analysis. We produced hybrid coating samples with compliant geometries via photolithography. Scanning Hall microscopy and radio-frequency characterization have given the first experimental confirmation that these hybrid coatings offer high field quality and present a surface resistance lower than that of copper for the beam screen of the future circular hadron collider. The excellent agreement shown between experimental results and simulations validates that the numerical analysis performed throughout this work can be used as a prediction tool for future proposed geometries.
Dynamic response of torsional waves in an anisotropic infinite cylinder with finite thickness
Authors: Kumawat Sunita , Kumar Vishwakarma Sumit
Published: October 2022

The transference of torsional surface waves in an infinite triclinic cylinder has been investigated. The equation of motion has been expressed in the cylindrical coordinate system, and by the means of the separation of variables, the displacement has been derived in terms of the Bessel function of the first kind and second kind. With the use of suitable boundary conditions, the dispersion equation has been deduced in a closed-form. Particular cases have been derived for monoclinic, orthotropic, transversely isotropic(precisely transtropic), and isotropic medium. The continuum comparision of each one of the cases have been discussed in details. In order to exhibit the present findings, 2D and 3D graphs have been plotted for phase velocity against wave number to study the impact of elastic coefficients and the ratio of radii of the cylinder. In the end, phase velocity for different media has been compared numerically. The study may be useful to construct torsional wave sensors in predicting the extent of damage during an earthquake by means of artificial explosions.
Validation of a non-invasive, real-time, human-in-the-loop model of intracortical brain-computer interfaces
Authors: Awasthi Peeyush , Lin Tzu-Hsiang , Bae Jihye , Miller Lee E , Danziger Zachary C
Published: October 2022

Objective. Despite the tremendous promise of invasive brain-computer interfaces (iBCIs), the associated study costs, risks, and ethical considerations limit the opportunity to develop and test the algorithms that decode neural activity into a user’s intentions. Our goal was to address this challenge by designing an iBCI model capable of testing many human subjects in closed-loop. Approach. We developed an iBCI model that uses artificial neural networks (ANNs) to translate human finger movements into realistic motor cortex firing patterns, which can then be decoded in real time. We call the model the joint angle BCI, or jaBCI. jaBCI allows readily recruited, healthy subjects to perform closed-loop iBCI tasks using any neural decoder, preserving subjects’ control-relevant short-latency error correction and learning dynamics. Main results. We validated jaBCI offline through emulated neuron firing statistics, confirming that emulated neural signals have firing rates, low-dimensional PCA geometry, and rotational jPCA dynamics that are quite similar to the actual neurons (recorded in monkey M1) on which we trained the ANN. We also tested jaBCI in closed-loop experiments, our single study examining roughly as many subjects as have been tested world-wide with iBCIs (n = 25). Performance was consistent with that of the paralyzed, human iBCI users with implanted intracortical electrodes. jaBCI allowed us to imitate the experimental protocols (e.g. the same velocity Kalman filter decoder and center-out task) and compute the same seven behavioral measures used in three critical studies. Significance. These encouraging results suggest the jaBCI’s real-time firing rate emulation is a useful means to provide statistically robust sample sizes for rapid prototyping and optimization of decoding algorithms, the study of bi-directional learning in iBCIs, and improving iBCI control.
Zeno crossovers in the entanglement speed of spin chains with noisy impurities
Authors: Chaudhari Abhijit P , Kelly Shane P , Valencia-Tortora Riccardo J , Marino Jamir
Published: October 2022

We use a noisy signal with finite correlation time to drive a spin (dissipative impurity) in the quantum XY spin chain and calculate the dynamics of entanglement entropy (EE) of a bipartition of spins, for a stochastic quantum trajectory. We compute the noise averaged EE of a bipartition of spins and observe that its speed of spreading decreases at strong dissipation, as a result of the Zeno effect. We recover the Zeno crossover and show that noise averaged EE can be used as a proxy for the heating and Zeno regimes. Upon increasing the correlation time of the noise, the location of the Zeno crossover shifts at stronger dissipation, extending the heating regime.
Concentration of fecal coliforms in marine waters using satellite images in the vicinity of Pucusana. Bay, Peru.
Authors: Palma-Gongora Y-A , Zuta-Medina F-V , Gomez-Cunya L-A
Published: October 2022

Water quality monitoring in coastal areas is challenging due to cost and time constraints. Identifying and selecting sampling sites accurately and effectively is crucial for efficient monitoring. The need for efficient monitoring of marine waters has led to exploring the use of remote sensing as one helpful alternative. Remote sensing is practical in several applications based on pattern recognition and information processing of large terrestrial and aquatic surface areas. Collected information is processed with various image processing techniques to identify objects such as microorganisms. Fecal coliforms are microorganisms that are indicators of sanitary quality and are present in human and animal wastes discharged into water bodies reaching coastal regions. The present study estimated the presence of fecal coliforms as an indicator of contamination in coastal marine waters. Satellite data from two sensors, Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI, were used to evaluate the reflectance of fecal coliforms in marine waters. Then, statistical analysis and four regression models were tested to establish a functional correlation between the spectral bands and historical in situ fecal coliform measurement. In this research, satellite imagery in the vicinity of Pucusana Bay helped estimate the concentration of fecal coliforms in marine waters. As a result, a significant relationship was found between the shortwave infrared band splitting (SWIR 2) with the blue band and fecal coliforms presence. The relationship was used to estimate coliform concentration from the reflectance of the aquatic surface in Pucusana Bay. Finally, spatial distribution maps of fecal coliform concentrations were generated to compare the increase of these microorganisms over different years in the area. The methodology and results can be calibrated to other water body locations where fecal coliform is a concern.
Sustainable Fast Setting Early Strength Self Compacting Concrete(FSESSCC) Using Metakaolin
Authors: Diddi Pavan Kumar , Sharma Pushpendra K , Srivastava Amit , Madduru Sri Rama Chand , Sreenivas Reddy E.
Published: October 2022

Sustainability in construction, using concrete as construction material, is initiated to obtain through cement, i.e. binder, optimisation and by application of secondary cementitious materials(SCMs) as component substitute of cement. The cement production industry has previously attained notable improvements in sustainability by use of byproducts of various industries as SCMs through blending suitable materials, like ferro silicon industrial by product mirco silica, steel industry by product finely ground granulated blast furnace slag, thermal power industry byproduct fly ash etc., to diminish the CO2 emission from the manufacturing plants of cement. Pozzolanicity and pore- filling qualities are the two pre requisite characteristics of the SCMs so they can play effective role in reducing the cement quantity in concrete and there by achieve sustainability. But as these quality features are inadequate in most of the industrial waste byproducts as they are not purposefully/specifically/ precisely manufactured but they are only the byproducts of industries produced as a process of manufacturing some products like steel, ferro silica alloys etc., or using some other materials like coal for producing energy. Also these SCMs are globally not obtainable everywhere. Construction industry is thus struggling with considerable cement consumption in its various activities and there by releasing enormous amounts of CO2 emissions, consumption of natural resources thereby depleting the same and increase in cost of cement production due to imposed green tax and shortage of suitable raw materials. Therefore, there is an emergent preference towards finding out various substitutive inorganic binders from native sources for partly substituting cement in concrete construction. One of the solutions to achieve sustainability in concrete construction is to use moderate reactive SCMs like flyash(FA), GGBFS(ground granulated blast furnace slag) in higher quantity and reactive SCMs like SF etc., so that demerits of slow setting and late strength gain in concrete prepared with moderate SCMs like GGBFS,fly ash etc., can be compensated by reactive SCMs,in lower quantities. Recently clays are observed to be an ample possibility as a promising reactive SCMs as they are richer in alumina and silica, and have good pozzolanic properties in definite raw, calcination situations or surface alterations forms for producing sustainable concretes with lower expenses and more eco-friendliness. In this study experimental investigation presented on the utilisation of metakaolin (MK), a high reactive SCM, in combination with GGBFS, a moderately reactive SCM, in the development of fast setting early strength sustainable self consolidating concrete(SCC) intended to use in fast track repairs/construction. Influence of MK on properties in fresh state and solidified state of SCC were studied and its effect on durability characteristics of SCC established.
Major surgical postoperative complications and survival in breast cancer: Swedish population-based register study in 57 152 women
Authors: de Boniface Jana , Szulkin Robert , Johansson Anna L V
Published: October 2022

Background

Postoperative complications may activate prometastatic systemic pathways through tissue damage, wound healing, infection, and inflammation. Postoperative complications are associated with inferior survival in several types of cancer. The aim was to determine the association between postoperative complications and survival in breast cancer.

Methods

This population-based cohort included women operated for T1–3 N0–3 M0 invasive breast cancer in Sweden from 2008 to 2017. Only major surgical postoperative complications leading to readmission and/or reoperation within 30 days were considered. Main outcomes were overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS). Prospectively collected nationwide register data were used. Multivariable Cox models were adjusted for clinical and socioeconomic confounders and co-morbidity.

Results

Among 57 152 women, major surgical postoperative complications were registered for 1854 patients. Median follow-up was 6.22 (0.09–11.70) years. Overall, 9163 patients died, and 3472 died from breast cancer. Major surgical postoperative complications were more common after mastectomy with or without immediate reconstruction (7.3 and 4.3 per cent respectively) than after breast-conserving surgery (2.3 per cent). Unadjusted 5-year OS and BCSS rates were 82.6 (95 per cent c.i. 80.8 to 84.5) and 92.1 (90.8 to 93.5) per cent respectively for women with a major surgical postoperative complication, and 88.8 (88.6 to 89.1) and 95.0 (94.8 to 95.2) per cent for those without a complication (P < 0.001). After adjustment, all-cause and breast cancer mortality rates remained higher after a major surgical postoperative complication (OS: HR 1.32, 95 per cent c.i. 1.15 to 1.51; BCSS: HR 1.31, 1.04 to 1.65). After stratification for type of breast surgery, this association remained significant only for women who had mastectomy without reconstruction (OS: HR 1.41, 1.20 to 1.66; BCSS: HR 1.36, 1.03 to 1.79).

Conclusion

Major surgical postoperative complications are associated with inferior survival, especially after mastectomy. These results underline the importance of surgical de-escalation.