bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intracerebral schwannoma of the angular gyrus: case report
Authors: Jayakumar N , Suliman A , Joshi A , Holliman D
Published: August 2021

We report an intracerebral schwannoma originating in the angular gyrus of a 20-year-old female that was incidentally diagnosed after she presented with a post-traumatic seizure. After comprehensive investigations, including functional magnetic resonance imaging, she underwent a computed tomography-guided stereotactic resection of the lesion. Pathological examination confirmed features of a schwannoma. After six years of follow-up, she remains well, without any evidence of recurrence. Intracerebral schwannomas are extremely uncommon: fewer than 90 cases have been reported. We present a comprehensive summary of the literature and a discussion of novel theories on the pathogenesis of intracerebral schwannomas.
In vivo model of Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis using benzalkonium chloride
Authors: Budianto Iskandar Rahardjo , Firmansyah Agus , Moenadjat Yefta , Jusuf Ahmad Aulia , Soetikno Vivian
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC) is a life-threatening complication of Hirschsprung’s disease. Studies using animal models on the pathogenesis of HAEC are limited. Thus, this study aimed to establish a rat model of HAEC using topical application of 0.1% benzalkonium chloride (BAC) in the sigmoid colon.

METHODS 55 male Sprague Dawley rats aged 10−12 weeks old were separated into 11 groups. The control group (n = 5) was euthanized on day-7, and the other 10 groups (n = 5 in each group) treated with 0.1% BAC in the sigmoid colon for 15 min to induce Hirschsprung’s disease were euthanized on day-7, -10, -12, -14, -17, -19, -21, -23, -25, and -28. The sigmoid colon was excised, fixed in formalin, and sectioned for histological examinations with hematoxylin and eosin staining. The degree of HAEC was compared within all groups.

RESULTS Rats that were sacrificed on day-7 to -12 showed the 1st degree or early HAEC, which was most likely caused by BAC application. The 2nd degree of HAEC occurred in rats that were sacrificed on day-14 that showed a macrophage infiltration in the sigmoid colon, thus fulfilled the initial criteria for HAEC (p = 0.0025 versus control). The degree of enterocolitis increased with time, and the highest degree was found in rats that were sacrificed on day-28 (p<0.001 versus control).

CONCLUSIONS Topical application of 0.1% BAC for 15 min was successfully produced HAEC model in rats, which was occurred on day-14 after the application. This model provides a useful resource for further research on the pathogenesis of HAEC.
Experimental study of tune-out wavelengths for spin-dependent optical lattice in 87Rb Bose–Einstein condensation
Authors: Wen Kai , Meng Zengming , Wang Liangwei , Chen Liangchao , Huang Lianghui , Wang Pengjun , Zhang Jing
Published: August 2021

We study the periodic potential of a one-dimensional optical lattice originating from a scalar shift and vector shift by manipulating the lattice polarizations. The ac Stark shift of an optical lattice is measured by Kapitza–Dirac scattering of

87

R
b

Bose–Einstein condensate, and the characteristics of a spin-dependent optical lattice are presented by scanning the lattice wavelength between the D1 and D2 lines. At the same time, tune-out wavelengths that the ac Stark shift cancels can be probed by the optical lattice. We give the tune-out wavelengths in more general cases of balancing the contributions of both scalar and vector shifts. Our results provide a clear interpretation for a spin-dependent optical lattice and tune-out wavelengths, and help to design it by choosing the appropriate lattice wavelength.
Magnetic field vector sensor based on a cascaded structure of core-offset Fabry–Perot interferometer and a magnetic fluid infiltrated glass capillary
Authors: Zhang Junying , Jiang Yuanyuan , Zhang Xiongxing , Chen Haibin , Guo Zilong , Wang Wei
Published: August 2021

A magnetic field vector sensor based on a cascaded structure composed of a core-offset Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) and a magnetic fluid (MF) infiltrated glass capillary (GC) is proposed and demonstrated. An air-gap FPI with a cavity length of 85 µm is formed by core-offset fusing two single-mode fibers separated by a short hollow-core fiber (HCF). The FPI is cascaded with an MF-infiltrated GC. By the directional bending effect of the core-offset FPI caused by magnetic field force on the MF-filtrated GC, the magnetic field can be monitored in strength and direction. Experimental results show that, in a magnetic field strength range of 0–9 mT, the sensor can achieve sensitivities of 4.63 and 4.25 pm/mT in two opposite directions.
Deriving x-ray pulse duration from center-of-energy shifts in THz-streaked ionized electron spectra
Authors: Wieland Marek , Kabachnik Nikolay M. , Drescher Markus , Deng Yunpei , Arbelo Yunieski , Stojanovic Nikola , Steffen Bernd , Roensch-Schulenburg Juliane , Ischebeck Rasmus , Malyzhenkov Alexander , Prat Eduard , Juranić Pavle
Published: August 2021

A fast and robust, yet simple, method has been developed for the immediate characterization of x-ray pulse durations via IR/THz streaking that uses the center of energy (COE) of the photoelectron spectrum for the evaluation. The manuscript presents theory and numerical models demonstrating that the maximum COEs shift as a function of the pulse duration and compares them to existing data for validation. It further establishes that the maximum COE can be derived from two COE measurements set at a phase of π/2 apart. The theory, model, and data agree with each other very well, and they present a way to measure pulse durations ranging from sub-fs to tens of fs on-the-fly with a fairly simple experimental setup.
High-precision laser transverse differential confocal radius measurement method
Authors: Tang Shun , Li Yanhong , Qiu Lirong , Song Yin , Zhao Weiqian , Yang Shuai
Published: August 2021

To meet the current need for high-precision and environment-insensitive measurement of the radius of curvature (ROC), we proposed a transverse differential confocal radius measurement (TDCRM) method based on the optical system of the confocal ROC measurement. Using a D-shaped aperture and the virtual pinhole technology, two signals, analogous to the pre-focus and post-focus signals in the two-detector-based differential confocal radius measurement (DCRM), can be obtained from two segmentations of a single CCD image. The difference of these two signals can be used to precisely determine the cat’s-eye and confocal positions, thereby achieving the high-accuracy ROC measurement as DCRM with a relative repeatability of 3.4 ppm. Furthermore, compared to DCRM, no optical alignment is needed after replacing the objective lens, which significantly reduces the time cost of measurements. We believe this novel and high-precision ROC measurement method will widen its application to optical manufacturing and provide an exciting opportunity for mass production of the ROC measurement instrument.
Frequency response of a continuously tuning narrow-band optical filter based on stimulated Brillouin scattering
Authors: Zhong Yibo , Wang Haoyu , Ke Changjian , Liang Zi , Liu Deming
Published: August 2021

Tunable narrow-band optical filter (TNOF) based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) has been applied in various applications such as microwave photonics and a high-resolution optical spectrum analyzer (OSA). While the frequency response of a SBS-based filter has always been an important characteristic in the reported studies, few have addressed the issue of the filter response under a continuously tuning condition. When the tuning speed is too fast, the filter response will change and cause spectral distortion. In this paper, the frequency response of SBS-TNOF under a wavelength-swept pump (i.e., continuously tuning) condition is investigated and modeled. Experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis and verify that the broadening of the SBS-TNOF response is induced by the pump wavelength difference along different positions of the fiber, which can be explained as convolution with broadband pump as well. Based on the widely used Richardson–Lucy deconvolution algorithm and proposed SBS-TNOF response model, the distorted responses are successfully reconstructed and the sweep speed dependency is almost eliminated. Commonly used on-off keying signal is tested using the proposed reconstruction method to assess its performance in the SBS-OSA. Both the overall profile and the detail of the signal spectra are significantly recovered, and the quantitatively evaluation illustrates that the feasible sweep speed can be improved from ∼45 nm/s to over 95 nm/s.
Electro-optically Q-switched operation of a high-peak-power Tb:LiYF4 green laser
Authors: Yang H. , Chen H. , Li E. , Uehara H. , Yasuhara R.
Published: August 2021

We report on an electro-optically Q-switched Tb:LiYF4 green laser pumped by a frequency-doubled optically pumped semiconductor blue laser. The electro-optically Q-switched characteristics were studied under a wide range of repetition rates from 200 Hz to 50 kHz using a KD2PO4 Q-switch. Up to 198 µJ of pulse energy was obtained with a pulse width of 248 ns at a repetition rate of 200 Hz, corresponding to a peak power of 797 W at 544 nm.
Determination of stress components in a complex stress condition using micro-Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Ma Lulu , Zheng Jiaxing , Fan Xuejun , Qiu Wei
Published: August 2021

In this study, an iterative method using polarized Raman spectroscopy to quantitatively determine all the in-plane components of the stress tensor in semiconductor structures is presented. Raman experiments were conducted on silicon at different stress states. The results obtained by the proposed method were in good agreement with the given stress state. In addition, the effect of random errors of Raman shifts on the stress component calculation is discussed. In contrast to the conventional analytical solution, our iterative method can significantly reduce the random errors.
Polarization-dependent broadband absorber based on composite metamaterials in the long-wavelength infrared range
Authors: Yu Haihong , Meng Dejia , Liang Zhongzhu , Xu Haiyang , Qin Zheng , Su Xuemei , Smith David R. , Liu Yichun
Published: August 2021

Capturing polarization information has long been an important topic in the field of detection. In this study, two polarization-dependent broadband absorbers based on a composite metamaterial structure were designed and numerically investigated. Unlike in conventional metamaterial absorbers, the bottom metallic film is functionalized to achieve a polarization response or broadband absorption. The simulation results show that the type I absorber exhibits TM polarization-dependent broadband absorption (absorptivity>80%) from 8.37 µm to 12.12 µm. In contrast, the type II absorber presents TE polarization-dependent broadband absorption (absorptivity>80%) from 8.23 µm to 11.93 µm. These devices are extremely sensitive to the change of polarization angle. The absorptivity changes monotonically with an increase of the polarization angle, but it is insensitive to oblique incidence. This design paves the way for realizing broadband polarization-dependent absorption via a simple configuration. It has bright prospects in thermal detection applications and imaging fields.
Origin of spontaneous wave mixing processes in multimode GRIN fibers
Authors: Bendahmane A. , Conforti M. , Vanvincq O. , Mas Arabí C. , Mussot A. , Kudlinski A.
Published: August 2021

We show that geometric parametric instability (GPI) in graded-index multimode fibers is strongly influenced by higher-order dispersion. By measuring the output spectrum for different core radii, we distinguish peaks generated by GPI from other coexisting parametric processes using phase-matching arguments and numerical simulations. We highlight for the first time a non-degenerate GPI process involving two pumps at different wavelengths.
Single-pixel tracking of fast-moving object using geometric moment detection
Authors: Zha Linbin , Shi Dongfeng , Huang Jian , Yuan Kee , Meng Wengweng , Yang Wei , Jiang Runbo , Chen Yafeng , Wang Yingjian
Published: August 2021

Real-time tracking of fast-moving object have many important applications in various fields. However, it is a great challenge to track of fast-moving object with high frame rate in real-time by employing single-pixel imaging technique. In this paper, we present the first single-pixel imaging technique that measures zero-order and first-order geometric moments, which are leveraged to reconstruct and track the centroid of a fast-moving object in real time. This method requires only 3 geometric moment patterns to illuminate a moving object in one frame. And the corresponding intensities collected by a single-pixel detector are equivalent to the values of the zero-order and first-order geometric moments. We apply this new approach of measuring geometric moments to object tracking by detecting the centroid of the object in two experiments. The root mean squared errors in the transverse and axial directions are 5.46 pixels and 5.53 pixels respectively, according to the comparison of data captured by a camera system. In the second experiment, we successfully track a moving magnet with a frame rate up to 7400 Hz. The proposed scheme provides a new method for ultrafast target tracking applications.
“Designing high-performance nighttime thermoradiative systems for harvesting energy from outer space” by Zhang et  al.: comment
Authors: Pusch Andreas , Nielsen Michael P. , Sazzad Muhammad H. , Reece Peter J. , Ekins-Daukes Nicholas J.
Published: August 2021

The current–voltage characteristics presented by Zhang et al. in their recent work [Opt. Lett.
45, 5929 (202010.1364/OL.400349)] on
designing thermoradiative systems overestimate the achievable power
using the proposed material by several orders of magnitude.
Micro-cavity perfect blackbody composite with good heat transfer towards a flat-plate reference radiation source for thermal imagers
Authors: Shimizu Yuhei , Koshikawa Hiroshi , Imbe Masatoshi , Yamaki Tetsuya , Godo Kenji , Sasajima Naohiko , Amemiya Kuniaki
Published: August 2021

One of the key measures to secure reliable fever screening is to calibrate a thermal imager with an accurate flat-plate blackbody device in real time. We provide durable perfect blackbody plates with both high emissivity of

>

0.998

and good heat transfer, ideal for a high-precision reference radiation source. Reflectance measurements and heat transfer simulation demonstrate that a micro-cavity composite of a thin resin double layer or resin mixture with thermally conductive filler is an important solution for improving the emissivity and thermal performance of blackbody plates.
Optimization of computer-generated holograms featuring phase randomness control
Authors: Yoo Dongheon , Jo Youngjin , Nam Seung-Woo , Chen Chun , Lee Byoungho
Published: August 2021

In this Letter, we introduce a computer-generated hologram (CGH)
optimization technique that can control the randomness of the
reconstructed phase. The phase randomness significantly affects the
eyebox size and depth of field in holographic near-eye displays. Our
proposal is to synthesize the CGH through the sum of two terms
computed from the target scene with a random phase. We set a weighting
pattern for summation as the optimization variable, which enables the
CGH to reflect the random phase during optimization. We evaluate the
proposed algorithm on single-depth and multi-depth contents, and the
performance is validated via simulations and experiments.
Adaptive visible and short-wave infrared camouflage using a dynamically tunable metasurface
Authors: Buhara Ebru , Ghobadi Amir , Ozbay Ekmel
Published: August 2021

In this Letter, a dynamically tunable metasurface, which is based on antimony trisulfide, is introduced. In this structure, first a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) nanocavity is optimized in a way that, upon phase change, the visible response switches from a transmissive colored window into a reflective mirror. Later, an indium tin oxide nanoantenna is integrated on the MIM cavity to provide antireflection in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) range for SWIR mode thermal camouflage. The MIM host acts as a thermally tunable substrate to tune the SWIR response of the design.
Inactivated influenza vaccine effectiveness among department of defense beneficiaries aged 6 months-17 years, 2016–2017 through 2019–2020 influenza seasons
Authors: Hu Wenping , DeMarcus Laurie S. , Sjoberg Paul A. , Robbins Anthony S.
Published: August 2021

A test-negative case-control study was conducted to assess inactivated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) in children aged 6 months-17 years. The database was developed from the US Department of Defense Global Respiratory Pathogen Surveillance Program over four consecutive influenza seasons from 2016 to 2020. A total of 9,385 children including 4,063 medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza-positive cases were identified for VE analysis. A generalized linear mixed model with logit link and binomial distribution was used to estimate the VE. The adjusted VE for children was 42% [95% confidence interval (CI): 37–47%] overall, including 55% (95% CI: 47–61%) for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, 37% (95% CI: 28–45%) for influenza A(H3N2), and 49% (95% CI: 41–55%) for influenza B. The analysis by age groups indicated that the adjusted VE in children aged 6 months-4 years was higher against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and influenza B, and comparable against influenza A(H3N2), compared to those in children aged 5–17 years. Further age-stratified analysis showed that the VE against any types of influenza was low and non-significant for children aged 6–11 months (33%; 95% CI:-2-56%), but it was high (54%; 95% CI: 34–67%) in children aged 12–23 months, and then declined linearly with increasing age. In conclusion, the inactivated influenza vaccination was moderately effective against influenza infection, based on the analysis from a large number of children aged 6 months-17 years over multiple influenza seasons.
Original antigenic sin responses to Betacoronavirus spike proteins are observed in a mouse model, but are not apparent in children following SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Lapp Stacey A. , Edara Venkata Viswanadh , Lu Austin , Lai Lilin , Hussaini Laila , Chahroudi Ann , Anderson Larry J. , Suthar Mehul S. , Anderson Evan J. , Rostad Christina A.
Published: August 2021

Background

The effects of pre-existing endemic human coronavirus (HCoV) immunity on SARS-CoV-2 serologic and clinical responses are incompletely understood.

Objectives

We sought to determine the effects of prior exposure to HCoV Betacoronavirus HKU1 spike protein on serologic responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein after intramuscular administration in mice. We also sought to understand the baseline seroprevalence of HKU1 spike antibodies in healthy children and to measure their correlation with SARS-CoV-2 binding and neutralizing antibodies in children hospitalized with acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C).

Methods

Groups of 5 mice were injected intramuscularly with two doses of alum-adjuvanted HKU1 spike followed by SARS-CoV-2 spike; or the reciprocal regimen of SARS-Cov-2 spike followed by HKU1 spike. Sera collected 21 days following each injection was analyzed for IgG antibodies to HKU1 spike, SARS-CoV-2 spike, and SARS-CoV-2 neutralization. Sera from children hospitalized with acute COVID-19, MIS-C or healthy controls (n = 14 per group) were analyzed for these same antibodies.

Results

Mice primed with SARS-CoV-2 spike and boosted with HKU1 spike developed high titers of SARS-CoV-2 binding and neutralizing antibodies; however, mice primed with HKU1 spike and boosted with SARS-CoV-2 spike were unable to mount neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. HKU1 spike antibodies were detected in all children with acute COVID-19, MIS-C, and healthy controls. Although children with MIS-C had significantly higher HKU1 spike titers than healthy children (GMT 37239 vs. 7551, P = 0.012), these titers correlated positively with both SARS-CoV-2 binding (r = 0.7577, P<0.001) and neutralizing (r = 0.6201, P = 0.001) antibodies.

Conclusions

Prior murine exposure to HKU1 spike protein completely impeded the development of neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, consistent with original antigenic sin. In contrast, the presence of HKU1 spike IgG antibodies in children with acute COVID-19 or MIS-C was not associated with diminished neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2.
Implementation of evidence-based practice: The experience of nurses and midwives
Authors: Dagne Asrat Hailu , Beshah Mekonnen Haile
Published: August 2021

Background

Implementation of evidence-based practice in clinical practice is crucial. Nurses and midwives play a vital role in using updated evidence. However, limited support and barriers to implementing evidence-based practice hamper the use of up-to-date evidence in clinical decision-making practice. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the implementation of evidence-based practice of nurses and midwives working in public hospitals.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive study was conducted to explore the experience of implementing evidence-based practice among nurses and midwives working in public hospitals. A total of 86 participants, of which, 25 in-depth interviews, 5 FGDs having 47 participants and 14 participants were involved during observations, were considered in Amhara Region public hospitals from November 17, 2019 to April 25, 2020. The observational data, interview and FGD transcripts were imported into NVivo 12 plus to manage and analyze the data using the Computer-Assisted Data Analysis Software Program (CAQDAS). The data were analyzed through thematic content analysis.

Results

Nurses and midwives perceived that implementation of evidence-based practice is the use of research findings, guidelines, hospital protocols, books, and expert experience in clinical decision-making practice. However, there was limited support for the implementation of evidence-based practice by nurses and midwives. The lack of knowledge and skill to use evidence like research findings, time mismanagement, the lack of motivation, the lack of resources and training were the perceived barriers to the implementation of evidence-based practice. Stick to the traditional practice due to lack of incentive and unclear job description between diploma and BSc nurses and midwives were the perceived causes of the lack of motivation.

Conclusions

The experience of evidence-based practice of nurses and midwives indicated that there was limited support for the implementation of evidence-based practice. However, research findings were rarely used in clinical decision-making practice The Knowledge, attitude towards implementing evidence-based practice, lack of resources and training, time mismanagement and lack of motivation were the barriers to the implementation of evidence-based practice. Therefore, the promotion of adopting the implementation of evidence-based practice and training on the identified barriers are mandatory.
Identification and in-silico characterization of taxadien-5α-ol-O-acetyltransferase (TDAT) gene in Corylus avellana L.
Authors: Raeispour Shirazi Mona , Rahpeyma Sara Alsadat , Rashidi Monfared Sajad , Zolala Jafar , Lohrasbi-Nejad Azadeh
Published: August 2021

Paclitaxel® (PC) is one of the most effective and profitable anti-cancer drugs. The most promising sources of this compound are natural materials such as tissue cultures of Taxus species and, more recently, hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). A large part of the PC biosynthetic pathway in the yew tree and a few steps in the hazelnut have been identified. Since understanding the biosynthetic pathway of plant-based medicinal metabolites is an effective step toward their development and engineering, this paper aimed to identify taxadiene-5α-ol-O-acetyltransferase (TDAT) in hazelnut. TDAT is one of the key genes involved in the third step of the PC biosynthetic pathway. In this study, the TDAT gene was isolated using the nested-PCR method and then characterized. The cotyledon-derived cell mass induced with 150 μM of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was utilized to isolate RNA and synthesize the first-strand cDNA. The full-length cDNA of TDAT is 1423 bp long and contains a 1302 bp ORF encoding 433 amino acids. The phylogenetic analysis of this gene revealed high homology with its ortholog genes in Quercus suber and Juglans regia. Bioinformatics analyses were used to predict the secondary and tertiary structures of the protein. Due to the lack of signal peptide, protein structure prediction suggested that this protein may operate at the cytoplasm. The homologous superfamily of the T5AT protein, encoded by TDAT, has two domains. The highest and lowest hydrophobicity of amino acids were found in proline 142 and lysine 56, respectively. T5AT protein fragment had 24 hydrophobic regions. The tertiary structure of this protein was designed using Modeler software (V.9.20), and its structure was verified based on the results of the Verify3D (89.46%) and ERRAT (90.3061) programs. The T5AT enzyme belongs to the superfamily of the transferase, and the amino acids histidine 164, cysteine 165, leucine 166, histidine 167, and Aspartic acid 168 resided at its active site. More characteristics of TDAT, which would aid PC engineering programs and maximize its production in hazelnut, were discussed.
Navigating optimal treaty-shopping routes using a multiplex network model
Authors: Park Sung Jae , Lee Kyu-Min , Yang Jae-Suk
Published: August 2021

The international tax treaty system is a highly integrated and complex network. In this system, many multinational enterprises (MNEs) explore ways of reducing taxes by choosing optimal detour routes. Treaty abuse by these MNEs causes significant loss of tax revenues for many countries, but there is no systematic way of regulating their actions. However, it may be helpful to find a way of detecting the optimal routes by which MNEs avoid taxes and observe the effects of this behavior. In this paper, we investigate the international tax treaty network system of foreign investment channels based on real data and introduce a novel measure of tax-routing centrality and other centralities via network analysis. Our analysis of tax routing in a multiplex network reveals not only various tax-minimizing routes and their rates, but also new paths which cannot be found by navigating a single network layer. In addition, we identify strongly connected components of the multiplex tax treaty system with minimal tax shopping routes; more than 80 countries are included in this system. This means that there are far more pathways to be observed than can be detected on any given individual single layer. We provide a unified framework for analyzing the international tax treaty system and observing the effects of tax avoidance by MNEs.
Ventrolateral prefrontal hemodynamic responses in autism spectrum disorder with and without depression
Authors: Ohtani Toshiyuki , Wakabayashi Akio , Sutoh Chihiro , Oshima Fumiyo , Hirano Yoshiyuki , Shimizu Eiji
Published: August 2021

In clinical settings, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with comorbid depression is often difficult to diagnose, and should be considered in treatment. However, to our knowledge, no functional imaging study has examined the difference between ASD adolescents with and without comorbid depression. We aimed to compare the characteristics and prefrontal brain function of ASD with and without depression in order to identify a biological marker that can be used to detect the difference. Twenty-eight drug-naïve adolescents with ASD (14 ASD with and 14 ASD without depression) and 14 age- and gender-matched adolescents with typical development were evaluated using several variables. These included intelligence quotient, autism quotient, depression severity using the Beck Depression Inventory 2nd edition (BDI-II), and level of social functioning using the Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale (SASS). In addition, frontotemporal hemodynamic responses during a verbal fluency task (VFT) were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The ASD group, including both of the ASD with and ASD without depression groups, showed smaller hemodynamic responses than the typical development group in portions of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and anterior part of the temporal cortex (aTC) during the VFT. Moreover, the smaller hemodynamic responses in the right VLPFC during the VFT in the ASD group were associated with the worse BDI-II and SASS scores. Furthermore, the ASD with depression group showed smaller hemodynamic responses in the right VLPFC during the VFT than the ASD without depression group in a direct comparison. Adolescents with ASD showed reduced activation in broad frontotemporal regions during a cognitive task compared with those with typical development. More specifically, the right VLPFC activation reflected the level of self-estimated depression and social functioning in the ASD subjects, and could be used to discriminate between ASD adolescents with and without depression.
Gender effects on outcomes of psychosomatic rehabilitation are reduced
Authors: Burghardt Juliane , Riffer Friedrich , Sprung Manuel
Published: August 2021

Objective

The study examined whether psychiatric/psychosomatic rehabilitation continues to have a better course of treatment for women than men.

Methods

We compared the course of global symptom severity, health-related quality of life and functioning between admission and discharge in patients (848 men, 1412 women) at an Austrian psychiatric/psychosomatic rehabilitation clinic.

Results

Gender-specific differences in the course of treatment were all too small to be clinically relevant. The differences were smallest in the middle-aged cohort. However, at the time of admission, women reported a slightly higher symptom burden.

Conclusion

Overall, the results show a gender-fair effectiveness of the rehabilitation. The new findings could be explained by changes in living conditions, gender roles, or better treatment methods.
SHAHID theory of Quantum Gravity
Authors: Shaikh Shahid Samad
Published: August 2021

Introduction : theory of quantum gravity explained that how gravity work in a subatomic universe. This theory explained the existence of gravitons or gravitational wave between two photons.
ANALYSIS OF MANAGEMENT RISKS IN THE ORGANIZATION OF CORPORATIVE HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS IN THE UNFAVORABLE EPIDEMIC SITUATION IN RUSSIA AND GERMANY (2020-2021)
Authors: Mironov S. V.
Published: August 2021

Risk management in healthcare is studied insufficiently. Risk management will provide more accurate forecasting and planning, it will improve quality of management decisions and increase the efficiency of medical organizations. The necessity of developing health systems has become relevant both in Russia and abroad in the context of the coronavirus pandemic 2020-2021. There is an increased interest in reviving and improving of corporate health management systems of large enterprises. The author was consistently engaged in the organization of health care in 3 large federal companies in Russia, as well as in Germany during the pandemic. The specific tasks of corporate health care in the context of a pandemic, the criteria of management errors and typical management errors were identified and classified, their primary causes were established. General recommendations were given based on the analysis, directions for the development for the further study were formulated.
APPLICATION OF NEURAL NETWORKS IN MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS
Authors: Sapozhkov V. A. , Budadin O. N. , Churilova A. S. , Falkov B. F. , Sapozhkova Zh. Yu.
Published: August 2021

This article discusses the possibilities of application of artificial neural networks to solve problems of increasing the diagnostic outcomes in clinical laboratory examination. High diagnostic sensitivity (96 %) and diagnostic accuracy (89.5 %) of the results were shown on a large amount of cellular material digitized by artificial intelligence microscopy automation system like the Vision Cyto Pap. The high resolution and sharpness of digital slides, the mode of viewing objects (cells) in the gallery, quick access to the results of preclassification, all of these factors together allow to reduce turnearound time in more than 2.5 times reducing disadvantages of the microscopy.
Application of artificial neural networks does not substitute a doctor’s skills. The role in validation of reports eligible only for cytopathologist. This concept indicates a carefully approach for staff working with a microscope, respectful attitude to them professional skills, and highlights a personalized approach to patients.
RENAL COMPLICATIONS OF COVID-19 CORONAVIRUS INFECTION: MECHANISMS AND BIOMARKER
Authors: Velkov V. V.
Published: August 2021

The brief review dealing with risks of the development of renal complications in patients with COVID-19, peculiarities of acute kidney injury development in patients with coronavirus. The special attention is given to the mechanisms of the direct infection of kidney by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and to the biomarkers for differential diagnostics of glomerular and tubular dysfunction in patients with COVID-19.
LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS OF MALE INFERTILITY. BIOMARKERS. PART I
Authors: Sapozhkova Zh. Yu. , Milovanova G. A. , Patsap O. I.
Published: August 2021

Currently, clinical laboratory diagnostics of male infertility is an integral part of the diagnostic process in the field of reproductive medicine. This review provides information about novel and traditional immunological, cellular, biochemical and other markers of human semen, which are used in the complex laboratory diagnostics of male infertility. Unfortunately, at present, due to the lack of updated clinical guidelines for male and female infertility diagnostics, uninformative algorithms and incompatible assessment criteria are increasingly used. This situation leads to controversial discussions, where the diagnostic functions of laboratory tests and markers are questioned. That is why the constant search is needed for innovative diagnostic approaches aimed at in-depth study of the pathogenesis of male infertility and subfertility.
A new species of Utricularia Sect. Orchidioides (Lentibulariaceae) from the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone of North Peru
Authors: Henning Tilo , Allen Joshua P. , Rodríguez Rodríguez Eric F.
Published: August 2021

A new species of Utricularia Section Orchidioides: Utricularia amotape-huancabambensis sp. nov. (Lentibulariaceae), endemic to Northern Peru is described and illustrated. It is known from two populations so far, both located in the Province Bongará, Dpto. Amazonas at ca. 2200 m altitude. The new species inhabits the páramo of the low white sandstone plateaus, an extension of the southern branches of the Condor mountain range in the southeastern part of the Amotape-Huancabamba phytogeographic zone. A diagnosis, description, etymology and an identification key covering the Andean and selected similar species of the section are presented. The distribution, habitat, ecology, associated flora, preliminary conservation status, an observed hybridization with sympatric U. unifolia and the affinities of the new species with other related taxa are discussed. The new species is known from two close-by populations in the same region and likely affected by anthropic pressure. Threatening changes in land use, resulting in habitat fragmentation or loss or changing water regimes in the course of climate change will have severe consequences for the sensitive páramo ecosystem and thus the populations of U. amotape-huancabambensis. Therefore, this new spectacular species of Utricularia is preliminarily considered Critically Endangered (CR).
Comparison of American Sign Language Use Identification using Multi-Class SVM Classification, Backpropagation Neural Network, K - Nearest Neighbor and Naive Bayes
Authors: Gunawan Vincentius Abdi , Putra Leonardus Sandy Ade
Published: August 2021

Communication is essential in conveying information from one individual to another. However, not all individuals in the world can communicate verbally. According to WHO, deafness is a hearing loss that affects 466 million people globally, and 34 million are children. So it is necessary to have a non-verbal language learning method for someone who has hearing problems. The purpose of this study is to build a system that can identify non-verbal language so that it can be easily understood in real-time. A high success rate in the system needs a proper method to be applied in the system, such as machine learning supported by wavelet feature extraction and different classification methods in image processing. Machine learning was applied in the system because of its ability to recognize and compare the classification results in four different methods. The four classifications used to compare the hand gesture recognition from American Sign Language are the Multi-Class SVM classification, Backpropagation Neural Network Backpropagation, K - Nearest Neighbor (K-NN), and Naïve Bayes. The simulation test of the four classification methods that have been carried out obtained success rates of 99.3%, 98.28%, 97.7%, and 95.98%, respectively. So it can be concluded that the classification method using the Multi-Class SVM has the highest success rate in the introduction of American Sign Language, which reaches 99.3%. The whole system is designed and tested using MATLAB as supporting software and data processing.
The development of a588 modified laterite steel using thermomechanical and low-temperature tempering process for weather resistant steel
Authors: Rohmah Miftakhur , Irawan Dedi , Utama Dedi P. , Romijarso Toni B.
Published: August 2021

Laterite Steel A-588 has the potential to be a high strength low alloy for Corten steel application. Laterite steel A-588 is developed through a thermomechanical process followed by a tempering process to obtain high strength and corrosion resistance. This study aims to determine the correlation between the addition of nickel content, the variation of the cooling rate during heat treatment to the mechanical properties, and the corrosion resistance of A-588 laterite steel. The Cu, Cr, Ni, P, and Si elements significantly impact microstructure transformation. Laterite Steel A-588 with nickel and thermo-mechanical process variation has been focused on in this research. Laterite steel with 0,42%, 1%, 2%, and 3% nickel varied was homogenized, hot rolled, and heat treated with three cooling variations by water, oil, and air. They are processed with 150 C tempering. Low tempering temperature caused fine carbide precipitation and phase transition of martensite to bainite. This resulted in bainite as the final microstructure, lath tempered martensite, carbide, and ferrite. 3% Ni with a fast cooling rate increased the tempered martensite and bainite phase formation. It allowed the strength and hardness to increase relatively, followed by decreased elongation and corrosion resistance caused by the galvanic reaction. Most optimal of mechanical properties determined at a sample with 2% nickel in a water medium (strength 1203 MPa, elongation 10%, hardness 404 BHN, corrosion rate 1,306 mpy).
Moving Lightly over the Earth
Authors: Spissu Giovanni
Published: August 2021

In the novel The Rings of Saturn (1995), the German writer W. G. Sebald recounts his solitary journey to the town of Suffolk (UK) at the end of his years, while he also reflects on some of the dramatic events that shaped World War II and his personal memories. In this work, he takes on a particular narrative tactic defined by the interaction between the text and images that creates a special type of montage in which he seems to draw from cinematic language. I argue that, drawing on Sebald’s work, we can imagine a form of ethnographic observation that involves the creation of a cinematic map through which to explore the memories and imagination of individuals in relation to places where they live. I explore the day-to-day lived experiences of unemployed people of Sulcis Iglesiente, through their everyday engagement with, and situated perceptions of, their territory. I describe the process that led me to build Moving Lightly over the Earth, a cinematic map of Sulcis Iglesiente through which I explored how women and men in the area who lost their jobs as a result of the process of its deindustrialization give specific meaning to the territory, relating it to memories of their past and hopes and desires for the future.
Introduced marine macroalgae: new perspectives on species recognition and distribution in New Zealand
Authors: Nelson Wendy A. , D’Archino Roberta , Neill Kate F. , Robinson Nestor M.
Published: August 2021

The recognition of non-indigenous marine macroalgae in New Zealand and the potential pathways and vectors contributing to their arrival were discussed by Nancy Adams in 1983 along with a list of 14 species she considered to be “possibly naturalised”. In the following 38 years many more species have been identified as non-indigenous, a few of which have become widespread and invasive around New Zealand. We present an updated list of 61 taxa that we consider to have been introduced to the archipelago, and highlight a range of issues associated with the recognition of non-indigenous species, particularly increased taxonomic knowledge, the impact of an expanded collection baseline, as well as targeted investigations in New Zealand, increasing data availability globally, and the role of molecular tools for confirming species identifications and distinguishing cryptic species.
Clean-AR: Using Augmented Reality for Reducing the Risk of Contamination from Airborne Disease Agents on Surfaces
Authors: Yu Kevin , Ostler Daniel , Fuchtmann Jonas , Zapaishchykova Anna , Berlet Maximilian , Navab Nassir , Feussner Hubertus , Wilhelm Dirk
Published: August 2021

A core principle of modern health care is the compliance of hygienic and aseptic techniques in areas that are sensitive to contamination through bacteria, dust, aerosols, and fallout, primarily in operating theatres or around patients with contagious diseases. Keeping track of potentially contaminated surfaces in an environment is a major concern, especially when protecting from COVID-19. This work proposes a novel concept in using 3D sensing technology to track human movement within an indoor area and identifying high-risk contaminated surfaces in real-time. It combines recent Augmented Reality display technology, which allows keeping track of decontaminated surfaces during the cleaning process using an interactive visualization method. The proposed concept of Clean- AR is implemented in a clinical environment used for observation in COVID-19 scenarios. We discuss key challenges and outline further research direction in effectively reducing the risk of contamination using the proposed concept.
Usability of Haptic Volumetric Assistance for Surgical Navigation Tasks
Authors: Drobinsky Sergey , Lindeman Till , Schleer Philipp , Radermacher Klaus
Published: August 2021

Manual control of surgical instruments represents a sensorimotor control task with at least 3-6 degrees of freedom (DoF). The impact of haptic guidance on volumetric navigation tasks, such as milling of planned volumes for prosthesis fits or preserving sensitive tissues, is investigated. Interaction centered studies are performed to evaluate the usability of the assistance modes for navigation within a volume, along the surface of a volume and around forbidden regions. Results show that haptic assistance can reduce the number of constraint violations, if the virtual stiffness is high enough. However, haptic assistance also can increase error rates when counterforces are close to the absolute perception threshold, as a false sense of security can arise. For navigation along complex surfaces bilateral haptic constraints should be preferred, while unilateral constraints are sufficient for simple geometries. This study complements previous publications as a basis for a flexible rule-based selection or adaptation of modular haptic assistance systems.
AR visualization of automated access path planning for percutaneous interventions
Authors: Schwenderling Lovis , Hansen Christian , Heinrich Florian
Published: August 2021

Minimally invasive interventions, e.g., percutaneous needle interventions, have many advantages compared to traditional surgery. However, they may require complex and time-consuming planning with experience-dependent success. Automated access path planning is faster and more consistent but individual preferences and situational circumstances are not considered. To this end, displaying the path planning results directly on the patient’s skin, using projector-based augmented reality (AR), was investigated. A constraint-based path planning was implemented to evaluate the quality of every path, taking into account risk structures and path length. A visualization was developed to display the results on the skin and to allow for path selection. The choice of the path followed by a navigated insertion was evaluated in a pilot study (n=5), considering four levels of the visualization with different amounts of displayed insertion points. Participants stated that they preferred to have multiple potential puncture points displayed. However, the results for the considered variables show only small differences. Overall, it has been shown that projectorbased AR visualization of automated access path planning is possible and enables individual, situation-adapted insertion point selection. More research is required to further explore optimal display of paths.
A novel tool for monitoring and assessing the outcome of thermal ablations of hepatic lesions
Authors: Hille Georg , Brokmann Felicitas , Hensen Bennet , Alpers Julian , Wacker Frank , Saalfeld Sylvia
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a proof-of-concept intervention monitoring and outcome assessment tool for thermal ablative strategies like microwave ablation of hepatic tumours. For this purpose, simulated 3D+t temperature maps of the ablation progress are combined with liver MR imaging, as well as corresponding segmentations of the lesion and other relevant anatomical structures. The proposed tool mainly consists of a monitoring and validation part, each comprising 2D and 3D visualisations and various modifiable settings. With the aid of the monitoring features, the heat propagation during the ablation progress could be visually tracked, while the validation part of the tool provides the radiologist with comprehensible and detailed feedback to assess the treatment result. Hence, it could enable an immediate validation of the ablation progress and support interventional decision-making. For evaluation purposes, we used an exemplary patient case to demonstrate the benefits of the proposed prototype. This tool could represent a crucial step towards a suitable computerassisted and more accurate workflow of thermal ablations, with benefits for both, patients and radiologists.
Segmentation of the Scaphoid Bone in Ultrasound Images
Authors: Hohlmann Benjamin , Brößner Peter , Welle Kristian , Radermacher Klaus
Published: August 2021

For the percutaneous fixation of scaphoid fractures, navigated approaches have been proposed to facilitate screw placement. Based on ultrasound imaging, navigation can be carried out in a cost-effective and fast manner, furthermore avoiding harmful radiation. For this purpose, a fast and efficient architecture for the automated segmentation of scaphoid bone in ultrasound volume images is needed. Methods: For 2D segmentation of the scaphoid, two architectures are taken into account: 2D nnUNet and Deeplabv3+. These architectures are trained and evaluated on a newly created dataset consisting of 67 annotated in-vivo ultrasound volume images (4576 slice images). Results: In terms of Dice coefficient, the 2D nnUNet achieves 0.67 compared to 0.57 for the Deeplabv3+. In terms of distance metrics, the 2D nnUNet shows an average symmetric surface distance error of 0.66mm, while the Deeplabv3+ achieves 0.55mm. Conclusion: Fast and accurate segmentation of the scaphoid in ultrasound volumes is feasible. Both architectures show competitive results.