bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the justification and validity of causality in classical electromagnetism
Authors: Choe Haengjin
Published: June 2024

Determining the causality in electromagnetism is more difficult than determining the causality in classical mechanics. Newton’s second law and the laws of Faraday and of Ampère are very different in character. Whereas Newton’s second law holds for a point in space, the laws of Faraday and of Ampère hold for a region in space. The ultimate aim of this article is to delve into the correct mechanism of propagation of electromagnetic waves. And, in this article, we investigate the wrong reasoning of other authors. It is concluded that an electric field neither generates nor induces a magnetic field and a magnetic field neither generates nor induces an electric field.
IDENTIFICATION OF SIGNIFICANT TEMPORAL FEATURES FROM PHOTO PULSE PLETHYSMOGRAM FOR PREDICTION OF HYPERGLYCEMIA
Authors: Agarwal Shikha , Sinha Rakesh Kumar
Published: June 2024

The increase in diabetic class population is witnessed every year and hence frequent need of checking blood glucose levels is highly required in both diabetic and healthy subjects. This requirement has led many researchers to develop efficient, accurate and easy estimation of blood glucose level without painful blood pricking or extraction. In line with this objective, this study is an effort for waveform analysis of autonomic response of photo pulse plethysmogram (PPG) and to evaluate PPG features that may provide better non-invasive detection of the disease. A total of 300 (150 diabetic and 150 control) subjects aged more than 18 years are considered for this study. Relevant patient details were obtained, and finger PPG recording in digital form was performed for 5 min with the digitization sampling rate of 200 sample points per second. After signal baseline correction, features are calculated from averaged normalized PPG and its first and second derivatives. A total of 41 features were derived from normalized PPG pulse and its derivatives for the assessment of hyperglycemia. But in practice, computation of many features is time-consuming and truly a tedious job for any model design. Further, model performance and accuracy are affected significantly. Applying six different statistical and machine learning methods for the identification of important features, 20 features were identified out of 41 features whose values are highly significantly different for control and study (diabetic) groups. This work was focused on feature extraction stage for a PPG-based diagnostic system. Though our study is aimed to identify significant features that can discriminate between diabetic and control groups non-invasively, these features have the potential for much clinical assessment and other pathological disorders without any doubt.
Concorrência Teatral e Propriedade Literária: o caso da opereta D. Juanita (Rio de Janeiro, 1883-1884)
Authors: Martins de Souza Silvia
Published: June 2024

Na segunda metade do século XIX, o teatro passou por um intenso processo de transformação em termos de criação, produção e reprodução nas principais capitas ocidentais se transformando no principal entretenimento coletivo urbano e um dos primeiros sinais do surgimento de uma cultura de massas. Neste artigo busca-se lançar um pouco de luz sobre este fenômeno a partir da análise do caso paradigmático das encenações da opereta D. Juanita nos palcos do Rio de Janeiro entre 1883 e 1884, com ênfase sobre um dos seus desdobramentos: a questão da propriedade literária.
Performance Evaluation of Ultra High Performance Concrete Manufactured with Recycled Steel Fiber
Authors: Elrefaei Ali E. , Alsaadawi Mostafa , Elshafiey Mohamed M. , Abdolwahab Mohamed , Oan Ahmed Faisal
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the rheological properties and impact resistance of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) enhanced by using waste steel fibre (WSF) extracted from waste tires. The experimental program involved testing five different percentages of WSF to fortified UHPC, which were produced to illustrate how WSF affected the rheological properties of UHPC. The five different percentages of WSF were of 0.3 %, 0.45%, 0.6%, 1.05% and 1.35% by volume of concrete. Both hardened and fresh properties, such as unit weight, compressive strength, slump, flexural strengths, indirect tensile strength (IDT), and impact resistance of UHPC were analyzed, and the results showed that Compressive strength, IDT, and Flexural increased by 49 %, 79 %, and 40 % for mixtures containing 1.35 % waste steel fibre, respectively. The UHPC mixes also showed significant higher impact resistance compared with conventional mix.
Factors Affecting Changes in Broker Credit Directives in the Colombo Stock Exchange of Sri Lanka
Authors: Kaushalya Gayani , Dissabandara D.P.B.H.
Published: June 2024

Regulators use changes in market credit directives to control the potential destabilizing speculative behavior of investors and to inhibit excessive stock market volatility. This paper investigates macroeconomic and market factors associated with regulatory changes in broker credit directives in the Colombo Stock Exchange of Sri Lanka. We use a unique sample of changes in broker credit directives issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission of Sri Lanka during the high volatility period from 2010 to 2012 and employ a probit regression model to examine the factors affecting changes in such directives. We find that inflation, industrial production growth, trading volume, and market volatility significantly impact changes in broker credit directives. Although stock market returns and growth in broker credit volumes show no impact standing alone, they exert an important influence together. The SEC's regulatory actions on broker credit seem to be driven by market volatility, stock returns, and growth in broker credit volume.
Financial Inclusion for Inclusive Growth in South Asian Nations: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Dhungana Bharat Ram
Published: June 2024

Inclusive economic growth has become a priority agenda in many developing countries. This study reviews empirical research papers and secondary data relating to South Asian countries to assess the status and determinants of financial inclusion for inclusive growth in this region. Based on a review of 76 research papers, this study finds that financial inclusion in South Asian nations has continued to improve over time. Digital technology is becoming the most significant driver for financial inclusion building. There is a strong nexus between financial inclusion and inclusive growth. Financial inclusion can be achieved through financial innovation and technology, financial literacy, and other intervention strategies. Government and regulatory authorities should use the best practices to increase the financial inclusion of the unbanked, marginalized, and low-income people in South Asia.
Effect of Psychological Factors and Financial Behavior on Financial Well-being of Equity Investors in Sri Lanka
Authors: Thuraisingam Ravivathani , Buvanendra Shantharuby , Fernando K.G.K.
Published: June 2024

This paper examines the effect of psychological factors and financial behavior on the financial well-being of individual equity investors in Sri Lanka. It draws upon the multi-theoretical linkage of social cognitive, prospect, and self-efficacy theories. The study uses survey data from 389 individual equity investors registered at the Colombo Stock Exchange. The results show that financial risk tolerance negatively impacts financial well-being, suggesting that those who are more willing to take risks have lower financial well-being. Results also show that financial behavior positively affects financial well-being. Our findings provide valuable information to the stock market participants, government, and other policymakers to understand the key determinants of financial well-being and identify the most critical areas of financial management practices to enhance the financial well-being of individual equity investors in Sri Lanka.
Cathartic Egression of Emotions in Shakespearean Plays and Buddhist Jātaka Stories
Authors: Dilani Nipunika
Published: June 2024

Catharsis is a psychological stratagem used by people to purge emotions, especially negative emotions like fear, anger, and aggression. Catharsis is a natural mechanism adopted by people in their real-life situations to expel their emotions. The same mechanism has been adopted and integrated into literature, making literature more realistic and closer to human experiences. Introduced by Aristotle and later developed by different scholars, now catharsis has become a major aspect of character development particularly in tragedy. Different approaches to the purgation of emotions have been shown in the literature depending on cultural, social, religious and individual differences. Thus, this study aims to analyse the production of catharsis in William Shakespeare’s Othello and Buddhist Jātaka tales. The two pieces of literature represent two different cultural, social and religious backgrounds and thus, the production of catharsis in them is also different.
Multiple Motivation as a Key Factor in English Language Teaching: a Case Study in Hambantota, Sri Lanka
Authors: Gamage Upul Priyantha
Published: June 2024

This paper attempts to examine the role of the ‘motivation factor’ in Language teaching in the context of teaching English language to rural students in Sri Lanka. Since English can be used as a Lingua Franca for communication among different ethnolinguistic groups, it is extremely important to look at the English language teaching methodologies adopted in different countries. In teaching English as a second language to students in Sri Lanka, initiatives have been taken by both private sector and government sector institutes. For this research, a case study has been selected from an English language training programme conducted with private and public partnership in a rural area; at Tissamaharama electorate in Hambantota district, Sri Lanka. The method of this research was participatory observation. The research was launched to examine current practices of English language teaching and identify successful methods of language teaching by paying special attention to motivation. The study is mainly concerned with problematizing as to why the rural student population was weaker in English language skills, and how can this be mitigated. Among several other variables that can have a greater impact on English language acquisition, the ‘motivation factor’ was recognized at the beginning and the research was designed in a manner to measure its impact on language learning and successful teaching. The study established that the influences of several significant motivation factors such as environmental changes, humour, changing classroom settings, gender fact, diversifying activities, continuously appraising students and using voice skills can enhance language learning to a greater extent when they are applied as continuous and multiple processes.
Research Excellence – Bridging the Evidence to Policy Gap in Health
Authors: Singh Alaka
Published: June 2024

No abstract available
Association of recalcitrant scabies infestation and bullous pemphigoid in an infant
Authors: Gambichler Thilo , Mansour Rita , Rothoeft Tobias , Schmidt Enno , Doerler Martin , Susok Laura
Published: June 2024

Dear Editor, In adults, bullous pemphigoid (BP) has been described in association with scabies. We here describe an infant with recalcitrant scabies who developed generalized BP as confirmed by serological and immunofluorescence studies. About four weeks after birth, an otherwise healthy non-vaccinated male infant was diagnosed with scabies. His parents and sister were diagnosed with scabies as well. [...]
Is a mathematical model equivalent to its computer implementation?
Authors: Hiesmayr Beatrix C. , Hütt Marc-Thorsten
Published: June 2024

A recent trend in mathematical modelling is to publish the computer code together with the research findings. Here we explore the formal question, whether and in which sense a computer implementation is distinct from the mathematical model. We argue that, despite the convenience of implemented models, a set of implicit assumptions is perpetuated with the implementation to the extent that even in widely used models the causal link between the (formal) mathematical model and the set of results is no longer certain. Moreover, code publication is often seen as an important contributor to reproducible research, we suggest that in some cases the opposite may be true. A new perspective on this topic stems from the accelerating trend that in some branches of research only implemented models are used, e.g., in artificial intelligence (AI). With the advent of quantum computers, we argue that completely novel challenges arise in the distinction between models and implementations.
Interoception in mental disorders: from self-awareness to interventions
Authors: Yang Han-xue , Zhou Han-yu , Lui Simon S.Y. , Chan Raymond C.K.
Published: June 2024

Interoception, the sense of the physiological condition of our body, has been proposed as a common vulnerability factor for psychopathology. Despite evidence confirming the relationship between interoception and a wide variety of clinical conditions, and multiple attempts to improve interoception in the cardiac domain, it remains debatable whether interoception can be altered through behavioural or meditative interventions. The present paper intends to review this issue and propose a theoretical framework encompassing self-awareness, interoceptive awareness, neuroplasticity, and biofeedback. We propose that a four-domain interoceptive intervention approach (cardiac, respiratory, thermal and muscular interoception) may be efficient and effective for training interoceptive abilities, which might in turn alleviate psychopathologies.
Seismic survey results from a buried valley study, Elora and Guelph, Ontario
Authors: Dietiker B. , Pugin A. J. -M. , Crow H. L. , Brewer K. D. , Russell H. A. J.
Published: June 2024

Les vallées enfouies constituent un type d'aquifère important dans le paysage glaciaire du Canada. En raison de l'histoire complexe de l'érosion et du remplissage, il peut être difficile de définir la géométrie de la vallée et les caractéristiques des sédiments. Des transects sismiques de deux vallées enfouies précédemment identifiées ont été acquis en Ontario à l'Arboretum de l'Université de Guelph et dans un environnement périurbain au sud de la ville voisine d'Elora. Une étude de sismique réflexion à haute résolution a permis de recueillir trois kilomètres linéaires de données le long de quatre transects. Cette étude a été complétée par une étude microtremor HVSR (rapport spectral horizontal/vertical) le long des profils de réflexion. L'objectif de l'étude globale était d'améliorer la résolution des géométries des vallées et des caractéristiques des sédiments. Un autre objectif était de tester la capacité de la méthode HVSR à fournir des informations de reconnaissance sur la présence de vallées enfouies dans une zone à la lithostratigraphie complexe. Les deux méthodes sismiques ont permis de délimiter les vallées enfouies. Trois des quatre transects de réflexion sismique ont permis d'imager les vallées enfouies qui mesurent environ 200 m de large et 30 à 65 m de profondeur. Les vallées ont des côtés asymétriques abrupts avec un caractère en escalier à un endroit. Les levés HVSR ont permis d'imager la surface du substratum rocheux ainsi qu'une unité de haute résonance moins profonde qui correspond à une unité de till. La méthode s'est avérée efficace en tant que technique de reconnaissance lorsque des contraintes géologiques sont disponibles. Ce rapport contient trois annexes avec des données, des informations de traitement et des images interprétées.
Salsolinol as an RNA m6A methylation inducer mediates dopaminergic neuronal death by regulating YAP1 and autophagy
Authors: Wang Jianan , Ran Yuanyuan , Li Zihan , Zhao Tianyuan , Zhang Fangfang , Wang Juan , Liu Zongjian , Chen Xuechai
Published: June 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202503000-00032/figure1/v/2024-06-17T092413Z/r/image-tiff

Salsolinol (1-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, Sal) is a catechol isoquinoline that causes neurotoxicity and shares structural similarity with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, an environmental toxin that causes Parkinson’s disease. However, the mechanism by which Sal mediates dopaminergic neuronal death remains unclear. In this study, we found that Sal significantly enhanced the global level of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation in PC12 cells, mainly by inducing the downregulation of the expression of m6A demethylases fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) and alkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5). RNA sequencing analysis showed that Sal downregulated the Hippo signaling pathway. The m6A reader YTH domain-containing family protein 2 (YTHDF2) promoted the degradation of m6A-containing Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) mRNA, which is a downstream key effector in the Hippo signaling pathway. Additionally, downregulation of YAP1 promoted autophagy, indicating that the mutual regulation between YAP1 and autophagy can lead to neurotoxicity. These findings reveal the role of Sal on m6A RNA methylation and suggest that Sal may act as an RNA methylation inducer mediating dopaminergic neuronal death through YAP1 and autophagy. Our results provide greater insights into the neurotoxic effects of catechol isoquinolines compared with other studies and may be a reference for assessing the involvement of RNA methylation in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease.
Motor Vehicle Technology-Progress and Harmony -A Practical Approach-Keynote Address
Authors: Longbottom Graeme J
Published: June 2024

The paper provides an overview of the history of the Australian automotive industry with observations covering the effects of progress on both the industry and the Australian public. Over the years, Government bodies and consumer protection agencies have had a significant influence on shaping the industry. However recent years have seen strong trends developing, relating to methods of manufacturing and the use of R & D, which will impact on the Australian car of tomorrow. The conclusion is drawn that there is a clear direction for Australia to review its approach to both R & D and manufacture with co-operation and harmony being keys to the future of the industry.
TOYOTA Electronic Control System for a Diesel Engine
Authors: Miyagi Hideo , Nagase Masaomi , Nakano Jiro , Kobashi Mamoru
Published: June 2024

In August, 1982, Toyota introduced a new diesel engine with an electronic control system. It allows for optimum control of fuel quantity, injection timing, idle speed, glow plug current and intake air flow. Consequently, great advantages have been obtained such as high engine performance, good fuel economy good driveability, low engine noise and vibration.
High Pressure Fuel Injection-A Rational Approach to Diesel Engine Efficiency, Emissions, and Economics
Authors: Beck N. John , Barkhimer Robert L. , Weseloh William E. , Johnson William P. , Calkins Michael A. , Goohs Christian G.
Published: June 2024

A new type of diesel fuel injection uses a simple, medium-pressure, common-rail system with pressure intensifier and accumulator type unit injectors with direct electronic control to achieve high performance at low cost.

The desirable features of high injection pressures with quantity and timing controlled directly by microprocessor are attained with a simple unique system. Data are presented on performance, efficiency, emissions, and relative cost. It is concluded that electronically controlled high pressure injection offers a practical and economical solution for efficient combustion in diesel engines.
Effect of Zinc Coating on Cosmetic Corrosion in Automotive Body Panel
Authors: Honjo Toru , Kurokawa Sigeo , Kimura Hajime , Irie Toshio
Published: June 2024

The corrosion of three-coated electrogalvanized steel (EG) and cold-rolled steel sheet (CR) has been investigated to evaluate their potential for outer side panels of automobile. It was found that, in the salt test, the average width of blisters on the three-coated EG was larger than that on CR. However, in the cyclic corrosion test, which is considered to simulate the actual dry and wet corrosion environment more accurately, CR showed less corrosion resistance, while EG showed high corrosion resistance, that is, no blisters or rust were found on the three-coated EG.
The High Productivity of the Rolling Process Used in Gear Finishing
Authors: Chang Chen Chao
Published: June 2024

This article mainly deals with, the rolling process specially arranged for rolling truck gears, and how it possesses all the requirements for high productivity. It briefly relates the special construction of the machine and tool, what quality level the process can attain and what effect it influences on heat treatment distortion and crystalline structure of the work piece. Finally it gives some rules of the change of the trace of contact area on the gear flank due to tool wear and predicts that wide spreading acceptance of the process will be expected.
A Case Study on the Development of the Automobile Body Industries in Indonesia
Authors: Setiadjat Wibisarto
Published: June 2024

The automobile body industry in Indonesia is developed by the needs of motorized means of transportation, especially for passengers cheap enough to meet the consumer's buying power.

To fill these needs, modifications on commercial vehicles into passenger vehicles or provisions for passenger space on special chassis had been carried out.

It can be seen that basically body construction or modification in the automobile body industry is but an extension of the automobile industry in general.

At present, commercial vehicles are designed to run with higher speeds and lower fuel consumption. This situation calls for a structure design that has to meet specifications generally applied to automobiles, so as to enable it to perform equally well with the basic vehicles.

In order to get automobile bodies that stay in step with technological progress in the automotive field, i.e. to guarantee automobile body design that will comply with safety and comfort provisions, the first steps to be taken are those of grading up the automobile body industry based on their skills in structure design and in the manufacturing process itself.
Turbocharging for the Fuel Efficient Urban Car
Authors: Watson Harry , Milkins Eric , Roberts Keith , Deslandes Jeffrey , Bryce Warwick
Published: June 2024

The arguments are given for the use of a 1.3 litre turbocharged spark ignition engine as a substitute for a 2 litre normally aspirated engine for late-80's compact cars. Descriptions of the three stages leading to an optimised engine-turbocharger package are described, together with details of the prototype TC engine manufacture and testing including supercharger tests to define operating limits. An outline of the optimising computer program is given, together with examples of computed camshaft designs giving significantly improved performance at low engine speeds. Some experimental results are given, including those of in-car testing which showed fuel consumption reductions of 12-22% over urban driving cycles.
Development of NISSAN Microprocessor Controlled Four Speed Lockup Automatic Transmission
Authors: Suga Masaaki , Morimoto Yoshiro , Suzuki Tadashi , Shinohara Minoru
Published: June 2024

Microprocessor-based control technology has found widespread application in automotive engineering. Nissan has been studying the effective application of a microprocessor to an automatic transmission system. A new microprocessor controlled automatic transmission has been introduced to meet the demands for better fuel economy and driveability.

The microprocessor controls the optimum operation of the lockup clutch in all four speeds which provides improved fuel economy and driving performance. Engagement and disengagement of the clutch are carried out precisely without degrading shift quality. The other controls for down-shifting while coasting and automatic selection of the shift schedule also improve driveability. These controls are the first of their kind to be applied in the world.
Recent Development of Plastic Material for Automotive Interior Application
Authors: Okamoto Keiji
Published: June 2024

In addition to weight reduction and cost reduction, maintenance of the initial quality has become an important subject including color matching after long years of use since automobiles are used for longer years these days.

This paper decsribes an outline of our manufacturing process of instrument panel pads, characteristics of the new surface material which we developed for above requirements, quality comparison of the surface material with those by other methods, possibility of applying this new method to other interior parts, for example, door trim, and so on.
Truck Bus and Coach Drive Axles Application and Operation in Australian Conditions
Authors: Kinnersley Frank R.
Published: June 2024

This paper explains the major factors considered when selecting Truck, Bus and Coach drive axles for vehicles operating in Australia (and New Zealand), while providing some insight into the vehicle loadings permitted and the operating conditions encountered.
Research on Vibration of Motor Vehicle Front Wheels
Authors: Di-Hua Guan
Published: June 2024

The common feature of forced and self-excited vibrations encountered in motor vehicle front wheels lies in the fact that a certain amount of energy is fed back via tire-road interaction from the engine to front axle steering system, which may result in the presence of negative damping as in self-excited vibration.

This paper presents two mathematical models for vibration analysis namly, an eighth order mathematical model of the front-axle steering system and a composite mathematical model comprising both front-axle steering system and the whole suspended structure with it's own modal parameters. The theory and method presented in this paper are in accord with actual tests on certain vehicles.
Engine Thermal Efficiency versus Fuel Availability
Authors: Kusumowardhoyo Amarianto , Arismunandar Wiranto
Published: June 2024

The higher thermal efficiency of diesel engine over gasoline engine has been known. Recent developments show that more and more compact diesel engines come into the market. Therefore, diesel engines will not only be used for trucks and buses, but also for jeeps and passenger cars. However, concerning the increasing demand of diesel engines in the automotive field, the fuel availability must be considered as one of the very important parameters for engine selection. In the paper the basic consideration will be put forward and the methodology will be developed so that alternative soluctions can be shown.
An FM Car Radio Receiving System that Reduces Distortion Caused by Multipath Propagation
Authors: Fukuhara Hiroshige , Kubota Masaki , Hashimoto Atsumi
Published: June 2024

This paper describes a diversity receiving system for car radios which effectively reduces distortion caused by multipath propagation. The system consists of two antennas connected to FM receiving units, distortion sensing logic circuits, a stereo multiplexer, and a stereo amplifier. The input of the stereo multiplexer is switched between the two FM receiving units upon command from the distortion sensing logic circuits. One advantage of this system is that the distortion sensor allows the output level to correspond to auditory perception, thus assuring accurate selection between the two antennas. The effectiveness of diversity selection in reducing multipath distortion has been confirmed in a simulation experiment which was performed using distortion sensor output data that were recorded in a field trial.

An instantaneous high-cut control function for the audio signal is also incorporated into the system to eliminate any distortion that remains after diversity selection is performed.
Considerations for Vehicular Integration of Mobile Radio Telephone Equipment
Authors: Swinson I.
Published: June 2024

Mobile radio telephone equipment must be properly installed in a vehicle if trouble-free and convenient operation is to be achieved. Adequate provisions by vehicle manufacturers must be made to ensure installations are simple, foolproof and free from potential sources of interference. This paper also describes the possibility of interfacing the radio telephone to the vehicle control and display unit where this is appropriate.
Analysis of Road Load Losses in Cars on Standard Driving Cycles and Road Tests
Authors: Visconti Amedeo , Sola Cesare
Published: June 2024

In order to have a better understanding of fuel consumption of vehicles in real operating conditions, the Fiat Research Center is carrying out an extensive research on an instrumented Ritmo car. The first results of this research show that the estimate of road load is quite easy by using simple laws and experimental indoor measures. But the distribution of energy losses experienced during a series of road tests reproducing actual italian use patterns can only partially be reproduced by mixes of standardized road and/or chassis dynamometer standardized tests.
One Approach on the Axle Gear Noise Generated from the Torsional Vibration
Authors: Nakayashiki Akira , Kubo Kazuo , Imanishi Hideki
Published: June 2024

Many papers have discussed that the axle gear noise is largely affected by the torsional vibration of the driveline. In the authors' view, however, the theoretical results do not necessarily coincide with the experimental ones. Namely, while theoretical analysis shows no difference in the peak frequency between the acceleration noise and the overrun noise, experiments do show some difference.

The authors considered that these phenomena are dependent on the stiffness of the bearings of the pinion and ring gear.

Simulating an idealized model which represents the torsional vibration of the driveline, study was made on the analogy of the theoretical results to the experimental ones.
Noise and Vibration Reduction Measures Applied to Diesel Engine Cars
Authors: Nishioka Keiichi , Takada Hiroshi , Kitahara Takashi
Published: June 2024

Some instances of the corrective activities concerning the noise and vibration problems such as idle noise, idle shake, driveline rattle, intake noise and booming noise experienced in the development stage of new diesel engine passenger cars are introduced here.
Microprocessors for Automotive Applications
Authors: Takahashi Yukiharu
Published: June 2024

Most of the major automotive manufacturers have already introduced second or third generation electronic engine control systems. In part I the paper summarizes the recent technology trends of the microprocessors which are the heart of the sophisticated control systems.

It is pointed out that timer-based control scheme is commonly implemented for fuel injection control and spark timing control. In part II the angle-based control scheme is presented. This might be one of the alternative ways for low cost distributed system in the future.
Reconciliation of Engine Oil Performance Characteristics Around the World
Authors: Asseff P. A. , Brown D. C. , Masuda Y. , Smish D.M.
Published: June 2024

Currently there are several different governing bodies which promulgate lubricant performance requirements for their respective engines and geographical areas. While these diverse specifications are effective in the development of satisfactory lubricants, the different test procedures overlap with respect to the measurement of a fundamental property of the lubricant. The net effect is a multitude of engine tests required for the development of lubricants to satisfy the various engine requirements throughout the world. The authors review this lubricant development process and offer suggestions to stimulate current efforts to reconcile these various engine test requirements.
Gasoline Volatility and Hot Weather Driveability of Japanese Cars
Authors: Yoshida Eiichi , Nomura Hirotsugu , Nozaki Nobuyoshi , Nagasawa Takao
Published: June 2024

Hot weather driveability test procedures on a chassis dynamometer correlated with field tests were established, and the effect of gasoline volatility on driveability performance was examined using 11 Japanese cars.

It was found that the 50% evaporated temperature had a larger effect on hot weather driveability than the Reid vapor pressure. Also, hot idle compensators and fuel return systems were very effective for reducing malfunctions.

As to conditions which should be controlled in chassis dynamometer tests, wind velocity were important as the same as ambient temperature; however, sun loading was not.
A New Concept in Engine Deposit Control Additives for Unleaded Gasolines
Authors: Lewis Robert A. , Newhall Henry K. , Peyla Richard J. , Voss Douglas A. , Welstand J. Stephen
Published: June 2024

Polymeric gasoline deposit control (DC) additives have increased in acceptance during the 1970's. Their effectiveness in controlling gasoline engine carburetor and induction system deposits has been clearly demonstrated. However, with increasing use of unleaded gasolines, two side effects--increased combustion chamber deposits which can lead to increased octane requirements and increased oil viscosity due to migration of the additive package into the crankcase--have been noted.

A new generation of DC additive technology based on a unique polyether structure was developed to minimize the noted side effects while maintaining deposit control performance. Extensive field tests of the new additive have demonstrated excellent deposit control with attendant maintenance of fuel metering and exhaust emissions performance. Vehicles using the new additive have octane requirements measurably lower than vehicles using the earlier additives.
Comparison of Urban Driving Patterns
Authors: Milkins Eric , Watson Harry
Published: June 2024

Measured driving pattern data for 4 Australian cities are compared with driving cycles from U.S.A., Europe and Japan, and with cycles developed to represent driving in Sydney, Melbourne and Perth. If cycle emissions rates and fuel consumption are intended to typify those of Australian urban driving a new drive cycle is needed since the legislated cycles do not closely replicate observed driving patterns or vehicle emissions and fuel consumption.
Purdue University Urban Car Experiment
Authors: Sparrow F. T.
Published: June 2024

The research covers four areas: (a) the mobility enterprise concept, where consumer acceptance of a restricted use urban car is being tested, as a second car and in conjunction with access to a time-shared fleet of “touring” cars; (b) determination of performance and capacity specifications of such an urban car, using an on-board data acquisition system; (c) the definition of such an urban car, with special attention to crashworthiness/crash avoidance trade-offs; and (d) the use of an urban mini/micro van for general delivery and transport of the elderly and handicapped.
Problems of Construction Equipment Maintenance in Indonesia
Authors: Hadi Purwoko , Soenarta Nakoela
Published: June 2024

In developing countries equipment are frequently idle or even permanently damaged from lack of adequate maintenance and repair facilities.

Low utilization of capacity may be due to various factors, but reasons frequently given are shortage of skilled personnel, parts, and tools.

The problems of maintenance and repair increase with the number of types of equipment used. In developing countries we find many types of equipment made by different countries. Parts and special tools will be difficult to obtain.

To provide maximum operating time at minimum maintenance cost some practical methods have been applied:

1.

Giving incentive to the group of personnel which successfully operate at a definite time with minimum downtime.

2.

Using reserve units as sources of parts.

It was found that these methods are economically fair.
Drivers' Comprehension of Traffic Sign Information
Authors: Macdonald Wendy , Hoffmann Errol
Published: June 2024

Some alternative methods of coding information on traffic signs, including the major “international” systems, are discussed and evaluated in the light of recent Australian research on drivers' understanding of various forms of regulatory traffic signs. Particular attention is paid to the relative advantages and disadvantages of prohibitory and mandatory forms of information. For some regulatory sign messages it appears that none of the existing purely symbolic signs achieves a satisfactory level of driver comprehension, and in such cases “hybrid” signs, combining symbolic and verbal information, are recommended.
Static Analysis of a Typical Truck Frame
Authors: Suganda Hadi , Sutjiatmo Bambang , Wiranto Arismunandar
Published: June 2024

This paper describes the static analysis of a 2½ ton payload truck chassis frame. Using a displacement method a beam model has been used.

The matrix analysis results are compared to laboratory frame bending and torsion measurements. The results showed that the beam model can be used as a simple and satisfactory technique to analyse a truck frame.
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Bars, Forgings, Rings, and Forging Stock 72Ni - 15.5Cr - 7.0Fe - 2.5Ti - 1.0Cb (Nb) - 0.70Al (X750) 2100 °F (1149 °C) Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated
Authors:   AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Published: June 2024

This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of bars, forgings, flash-welded rings 10.0 inches (254 mm) and under in nominal diameter or distance between parallel sides, and stock of any size for forging, flash-welded rings, or heading.
It is not just a click: protection of in-game behaviour data as biometric data under the GDPR
Authors: Boyraz Fatih Talha
Published: June 2024

This article investigates the potential classification of players’ in-game behaviour data from basic computer peripherals, like keyboards and mouses (behavioural telemetry), as biometric data under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Modern technologies allow these types of data to reveal a wealth of personal information, including age, gender, emotional states, collaboration abilities, problem-solving skills, economic status, consumption habits, and character traits. The analysis is structured into three sections: understanding the nature of in-game behaviour data, assessing its alignment with the GDPR’s definition of biometric data, and examining the repercussions for gaming companies if such data is deemed biometric. The conclusion asserts that behavioural telemetry and gameplay metrics can indeed be considered biometric under the GDPR, as it plays a crucial role in player identification and exhibits similarities with biometric systems in the context of game analytics processes. This classification implies heightened legal responsibilities for gaming companies, triggering risk-based provisions within the GDPR. The article introduces a novel perspective by suggesting that seemingly innocuous in-game behaviour data may fall under the purview of biometric data.
The interview
Authors: VINOGRADOV M. Yu. , KAZARINOVA D. B.
Published: June 2024

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Russia and the United States as Constitutive Others in the National Identity Discourses
Authors: Zhuravleva V. I.
Published: June 2024

This article explores the imagological foundations of the ongoing confrontation between the United States and Russia. Utilizing a historiographical review of US–Russia relations and the author’s extensive research, it employs a constructivist approach to examine the enduring patterns in their mutual representations. The analysis uncovers the cyclical nature of these perceptions, swinging between value-driven and pragmatic narratives. It suggests that throughout history, the US and Russia have consistently served as each other’s “constitutive Other” within their identity discourses. This involves the creation of meaning repertoires that align with their domestic and foreign policy goals. Moreover, the article argues that the current confrontation mirrors a clash between their respective value systems and messianic ambitions. This dynamic contributes to the development  of a new kind of imagined reality, reinforcing the enduring dichotomous worldview that defines the relationship between the two nations.
“Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?” Identity in Contemporary International Relations
Authors: Markedonov S.
Published: June 2024

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Striving for National Identity: Syrian and Iraqi Turkomans in Search of a Homeland
Authors: Kudryashova I. V. , Seyidli S. A.
Published: June 2024

The Turkomans are considered to be the integral part of a political space often reflexively labeled as “Turkic World.” Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the Turkoman communities in Syria and Iraq have undergone a complex evolution leading to their current status as politically organized distinct ethnic groups. This transformation has been predetermined by the policies of the colonial powers and the rise of Arab nationalism that was aimed to establish the united “Arab Homeland.” It was only with the decline of Baathist regimes that Turkomans started to gain political recognition. How have the Turkomans in Syria and Iraq evolved culturally and politically over time? Do they perceive their future as being closely linked to their Arab “host” countries, or do they harbor aspirations of coming back to their historical Turkic legacy? What support do they receive from Turkey, and what is oﬀered by Syrian and Iraqi authorities? We have analyzed the Turkoman issue through a structural and identity-based lens, examining how these communities have navigated their relationships with the Arab states they reside in and their historical ties to Turkey. The framework proposed by R. Brubaker, which examines the interactions between marginalized ethnic minorities, nationalizing states, and external homelands, provides a valuable tool for understanding the complex dynamics involving Turkoman communities in Syria and Iraq. The research findings indicate that Turkoman identity remains robust, albeit with a notable shift towards a more inclusive national-state dimension. Despite constituting a minority group, Turkomans in both countries are actively advocating for recognition within society and asserting their cultural rights. The primary Turkoman political factions in both countries have garnered backing from Turkey, although the nature of this support is complex. In Iraq, Turkomans are inclined towards seeking Turkish patronage while also demonstrating a willingness to engage with the Iraqi government. Conversely, in Syria, Turkomans residing along the border have successfully established a self-governing region with the Turkey’s assistance. Furthermore, a segment of Turkomans place emphasis on their religious aﬃliations, such as identifying as Shiite or Alawite.
A Botânica na produção do currículo de Ciências na Educação de Jovens e Adultos
Authors: Felix Claivert Vieira , Silva Juliana Marsico Correia da
Published: June 2024

Neste texto, investigamos o modo como a botânica participa da produção alquímica do currículo de Ciências na EJA através da análise de um material didático especificamente produzido para a modalidade. No diálogo com Michel Foucault e Thomas Popkewitz, percebemos que, ainda que a botânica não apareça como unidade temática explicitamente nomeada, ela é alquimicamente transformada, participando da constituição de conhecimentos de outros temas, como ecologia e atmosfera, identificando a botânica como elemento estruturante na construção dos saberes em ecologia, significada como fio condutor para o entendimento da vida na Terra. Argumentamos que estudos em história do currículo desnaturalizam a noção de uma botânica descontextualizada e memorística nas escolas, mostrando como a botânica hibridiza-se na produção de conhecimentos em Ciências.
Podcasts como ferramenta de transposição didática para temas transversais em Biologia Celular e Molecular
Authors: Sousa Matheus Oliveira , Figueroa Ana Maria Senac , Santos Théo Araújo
Published: June 2024

Os ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem, especialmente PodCasts, têm sido vastamente utilizados para apresentação de conceitos básicos de biologia celular e molecular, contudo, episódios que abordem temáticas de saúde, transversais a esta área do conhecimento ainda são escassos.  O presente trabalho apresenta um relato de experiência a partir da sistematização da construção de narrativas por meio de analogias e uso de temas transversais vinculados à área da saúde, tais como preconizados pela teoria da transposição didática e da aprendizagem significativa. Os áudios foram produzidos durante o contexto da pandemia em que os ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem passaram a fazer parte do ensino universitário, contudo, os materiais produzidos continuam sendo utilizados pelos estudantes e parecem configurar uma importante ferramenta didática para a difusão adequada do conhecimento científico para acadêmicos e a sociedade como um todo.
Poesia popular nordestina e ensino de Biologia na Educação de Jovens e Adultos
Authors: Santos Anderson Eduardo dos , Motokane Marcelo Tadeu
Published: June 2024

A Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) engloba alunos com diversas experiências, ressaltando a importância de práticas educativas que valorizem tais conhecimentos. No ensino de ciências, a abordagem tradicional muitas vezes negligencia essas vivências em favor da ideia da ciência como única fonte de conhecimento. Este estudo explorou a utilização da poesia popular nordestina como recurso pedagógico no ensino de biomas para estudantes da EJA, através de uma sequência didática baseada na Literatura de Cordel. Os cordéis produzidos foram submetidos à Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD). Nossos resultados sugerem que que a atividade pode fornecer subsídios para trabalhar habilidades de escrita e leitura, mas também promover uma compreensão mais abrangente da ciência, valorizando os conhecimentos prévios ancorados nas experiências pessoais dos alunos
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PAI BERBASIS NILAI ISLAMI DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEPTUAL MAHASISWA DI UNIVERSITAS ISLAM MADURA
Authors: Supandi  , Subhan Mohammad , Khadavi M. Jadid
Published: June 2024

The implementation of the PAI learning model based on Islamic values to increase students conceptual understanding at UIM needs to be researched and explored scientifically, considering that PAI is the foundation of Islamic education to produce graduates who are by the Islamic management of the UIM Institution and have the ahlussunnah waljamaah bent. However, in reality, phenomena are presented that are often not by Islamic rules and teachings, this is the reason why this research is necessary to carry out this research. While the research approach used is qualitative phenomenological, the data sources in this research are UIM residents taken randomly by researchers such as students, lecturers, and employees. The validity of the data is to convince the researcher that the data obtained is valid, the researcher uses the concept of triangulation. The research results show that the Islamic Values-Based PAI Learning Model is carried out holistically in the learning process, which does not only focus on conceptual understanding and material but also on students themselves and the application of Islamic values in real life. Meanwhile, the impact of students' conceptual understanding has a positive impact on religious concepts and the ability to relate these concepts to the context of everyday life. Meanwhile, intensive interaction between lecturers and students as well as space for discussion and reflection in the learning process makes a significant contribution to the effectiveness of the Islamic Values-based PAI education and learning model. The implementation of the PAI learning model based on Islamic values can be used as a reference for lecturers and curriculum managers to improve the quality of Islamic religious education at the Islamic higher education level.
Keywords:  Learning Model; Islamic Values; Conceptual Understanding.