bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polyamine Analoga of Spider Toxins.
Authors: BENZ H. , HESSE M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptide Enolates. C‐Alkylaton of Glycine Residues in Linear Tri‐, Tetra‐, and Pentapeptides via Dilithium Azadienediolates.
Authors: BOSSLER H. G. , SEEBACH D.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of 4‐Oxo α‐Amino Acids as a Route to 4‐Hydroxylated . alpha.‐Amino Acids. Concise Approaches to the Synthesis of Clavalanine, erythro‐4‐Hydroxyornithine and (+)‐Bulgecinine.
Authors: JACKSON R. F. W. , RETTIE A. B. , WOOD A. , WYTHES M. J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Enantioselective Synthesis of N‐Boc‐(S)‐2‐Aminosuberic Acid.
Authors: CASTEJON P. , MOYANO A. , PERICAS M. A. , RIERA A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐N‐ and 9‐N‐Thioacylated Sialic Acids.
Authors: ISECKE R. , BROSSMER R.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Aromatic Claisen Rearrangements in Carbohydrates: Stereocontrol of Rearrangement Rates in Unsaturated Sugar Substrates.
Authors: BALASUBRAMANIAN K. K. , RAMESH N. G. , PRAMANIK A. , CHANDRASEKHAR J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cylindricines C‐G, Perhydropyrrolo(2,1‐j)quinolin‐7‐one Alkaloids from the Ascidian Clavelina cylindrica.
Authors: LI C. , BLACKMAN A. J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Chiral Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) Monomers.
Authors: KOSYNKINA L. , WANG W. , LIANG T. C.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Liposomes Containing Purine and Pyrimidine Bases: Stable Unilamellar Liposomes from Phosphatidyl Nucleosides.
Authors: BONACCIO S. , WALDE P. , LUISI P. L.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Dibenzofurans and Depsides from the Lichen Bunodophoron patagonicum.
Authors: ELIX J. A. , VENABLES D. A. , WEDIN M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of the First Selenium‐Containing Bicyclic β‐Lactams as Potent Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: HWU J. R. , LAI L.‐L. , HAKIMELAHI G. H. , DAVARI H.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Syntheses of Tetrahydroesterastin‐β‐lactam Analogues.
Authors: HUBER I. , SCHNEIDER F.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Semiempirical Molecular Orbital Study of the Methanolysis of Complex Azetidinones. A Combined MM and QM Analysis of the Interaction of . delta.2‐ and δ3‐Cephems with the Penicillin Receptor.
Authors: WOLFE S. , HOZ T.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Didemnilactones A and B and Neodidemnilactone, Three New Fatty Acid Metabolites Isolated from the Tunicate Didemnum moseleyi (Herdman).
Authors: NIWA H. , WATANABE M. , INAGAKI H. , YAMADA K.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Low Voltage Cathodoluminescence of Mn2+‐Activated ZnGa2O4.
Authors: SHEA L. E. , DATTA R. K. , BROWN J. J. JUN.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Chemical Etching Solution for the Determination of the Crystallographic Orientation of GaSb by Optical Reflectograms.
Authors: GODINES J. A. , DE ANDA F. , CANALES A. , BANOS L. , RIOS‐JARA D.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Antimony on the Superconducting Properties of Yttrium, Bismuth, and Thallium Cuprates.
Authors: NEDILKO S. A. , LISHKO T. P. , GOLUBEVA I. V. , ANSHUKOVA N. V.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: AlN Matrix Composites Fabricated via an Infiltration and Reaction Approach.
Authors: AGHAJANIAN M. K. , BIEL J. P. , SMITH R. G.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Plasma‐Sprayed Lead Zirconate Titanate‐Glass Composites.
Authors: SHERRIT S. , SAVIN C. R. , WIEDERICK H. D. , MUKHERJEE B. K. , PRASAD S. E.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Shock‐Induced and Shock‐Assisted Solid‐State Chemical Reactions in Powder Mixtures
Authors: THADHANI N. N.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Substitution Reactions of Inert‐Metal Complexes ‐ Coordination Numbers 6 and Above: Chromium
Authors: HOUSE D. A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Substitution Reactions of Labile Metal Complexes
Authors: TREGLOAN P. A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Substitution and Insertion Reactions
Authors: POE A. J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry at Diplatinum Centers.
Authors: ANDERSON G. K.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Trifluoromethyl‐Containing Transition Metal Complexes.
Authors: MORRISON J. A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Coordination in Organotin Chemistry.
Authors: JASTRZEBSKI J. T. B. H. , VAN KOTEN G.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 13C‐Labeled D‐Ribose: Chemo‐Enzymic Synthesis of Various Isotopomers
Authors: SERIANNI A. S. , BONDO P. B.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of Coordinated Ligands
Authors: HAY R. W. , CONSTABLE E. C. , KANE‐MAGUIRE L. A. P.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: DME in Organic Synthesis. 2,2‐Dimethoxyethanal, “A New Bond Between Your Molecules”
Authors: SCHOUTEETEN A. , VUILLEMIN F.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Polymerase Chain Reaction (Nobel Lecture).
Authors: MULLIS K. B.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1992 Lemieux Award Lecture. Studies Related to the Penicillin Receptor
Authors: WOLFE S.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Gated Ion Transporters.
Authors: CROSS G. G. , FYLES T. M. , MONTOYA‐PELAEZ P. J. , VAN STAATEN‐NIJENHUIS W. F. , ZHOU X.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Two‐Dimensional Molecular Recognition Interfaces.
Authors: CROOKS R. M. , CHAILAPAKUL O. , ROSS C. B. , SUN L. , SCHOER J. K.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Channel Mimetic Sensing Membranes Based on Host‐Guest Molecular Recognition by Synthetic Receptors.
Authors: ODASHIMA K. , SUGAWARA M. , UMEZAWA Y.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Volumes of Activation for Inorganic and Organometallic Reactions: A Tabulated Compilation
Authors: NEUBRAND A. , VAN ELDIK R.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Modeling and Chemical Sensor Response.
Authors: THOMPSON M. , FRANK M. D. , STONE D. C.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Time‐Resolved FTIR Emission Studies of Photochemical Reactions.
Authors: HANCOCK G. , HEARD D. E.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Use of Ultrasound in Detection and Treatment of Nerve Compromise in a Case of Humeral Lengthening
Authors: Rozbruch S. Robert , Fryman Craig , Bigman Daniel , Adler Ronald
Published: August 2010

The development of iatrogenic nerve lesions during and following limb lengthening procedures present a challenge to orthopedic surgeons. Early treatment of nerve damage is critical in salvaging full function of the nerve. Precise location of damage, however, must be determined in order to appropriately administer treatment. We report a patient with a short humerus caused by a growth arrest undergoing a 7-cm lengthening who developed a neurapraxic injury of the radial nerve. Nerve compromise was noted 1 month into the lengthening program. Nerve conduction studies and electromyography could not be used to determine the precise site of injury. Likewise, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography were contraindicated and inconclusive, respectively, due to the presence of a metallic external fixation device. High-resolution ultrasonography (US) findings, however, correlated with our clinical examination of the patient's radial nerve function and permitted identification of the precise site of nerve involvement. Treatment was administered by removing a causative half-pin. Several days following treatment, nerve function returned to normal. There are a limited number of articles in the literature regarding nerve injuries associated with limb lengthening and their corrective treatments. The outcome of this case underscores the usefulness of US over various other diagnostic techniques under certain circumstances.
Arc Discharge Synthesis and Photoluminescence of 3D Feather-like AlN Nanostructures
Authors: Yang SL , Gao RS , Niu PL , Zou ZY , Yu RH
Published: August 2010

A complex three-dimensional (3D) feather-like AlN nanostructure was synthesized by a direct reaction of high-purity Al granules with nitrogen using an arc discharge method. By adjusting the discharge time, a coral-like nanostructure, which evolved from the feather-like nanostructure, has also been observed. The novel 3D feather-like AlN nanostructure has a hierarchical dendritic structure, which means that the angle between the trunk stem and its branch is always about 30° in any part of the structure. The fine branches on the surface of the feather-like nanostructure have shown a uniform fish scale shape, which are about 100 nm long, 10 nm thick and several tens of nanometers in width. An alternate growth model has been proposed to explain the novel nanostructure. The spectrum of the feather-like products shows a strong blue emission band centered at 438 nm (2.84 eV), which indicates their potential application as blue light-emitting diodes.
Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in FePt Patterned Media Employing a CrV Seed Layer
Authors: Kim Hyunsu , Noh Jin-Seo , Roh Jong Wook , Chun Dong Won , Kim Sungman , Jung Sang Hyun , Kang Ho Kwan , Jeong Won Yong , Lee Wooyoung
Published: August 2010

A thin FePt film was deposited onto a CrV seed layer at 400°C and showed a high coercivity (~3,400 Oe) and high magnetization (900–1,000 emu/cm3) characteristic of L 10 phase. However, the magnetic properties of patterned media fabricated from the film stack were degraded due to the Ar-ion bombardment. We employed a deposition-last process, in which FePt film deposited at room temperature underwent lift-off and post-annealing processes, to avoid the exposure of FePt to Ar plasma. A patterned medium with 100-nm nano-columns showed an out-of-plane coercivity fivefold larger than its in-plane counterpart and a remanent magnetization comparable to saturation magnetization in the out-of-plane direction, indicating a high perpendicular anisotropy. These results demonstrate the high perpendicular anisotropy in FePt patterned media using a Cr-based compound seed layer for the first time and suggest that ultra-high-density magnetic recording media can be achieved using this optimized top-down approach.
Insights into the neurodevelopmental origin of schizophrenia from postmortem studies of prefrontal cortical circuitry
Authors: Beneyto Monica , Lewis David A.
Published: August 2010

The hypothesis that schizophrenia results from a developmental, as opposed to a degenerative, process affecting the connectivity and network plasticity of the cerebral cortex is supported by findings from morphological and molecular postmortem studies. Specifically, abnormalities in the expression of protein markers of GABA neurotransmission and the lamina‐ and circuit‐specificity of these changes in the cortex in schizophrenia, in concert with knowledge of their developmental trajectories, offer crucial insight into the vulnerability of specific cortical networks to environmental insults during different periods of development. These findings reveal potential targets for therapeutic interventions to improve cognitive function in individuals with schizophrenia, and provide guidance for future preventive strategies to preserve cortical neurotransmission in at‐risk individuals.
A GALOIS THEORY FOR THE FIELD EXTENSION K((X))/K
Authors: POPESCU ANGEL , NASEEM ASIM , POPESCU NICOLAE
Published: August 2010

Let K be a field of characteristic 0, which is algebraically closed to radicals. Let F = K((X)) be the valued field of Laurent power series and let G = Aut(F/K). We prove that if L is a subfield of F, K ≠ L, such that L/K is a sub-extension of F/K and F/L is a Galois algebraic extension (L/K is Galois coalgebraic in F/K), then L is closed in F, F/L is a finite extension and Gal(F/L) is a finite cyclic group of G. We also prove that there is a one-to-one and onto correspondence between the set of all finite subgroups of G and the set of all Galois coalgebraic sub-extensions of F/K. Some other auxiliary results which are useful by their own are given.
THE NON-ABELIAN TENSOR PRODUCT OF FINITE GROUPS IS FINITE: A HOMOLOGY-FREE PROOF
Authors: THOMAS VIJI Z.
Published: August 2010

In this note, we give a homology-free proof that the non-abelian tensor product of two finite groups is finite. In addition, we provide an explicit proof that the non-abelian tensor product of two finite p-groups is a finite p-group.
THIRD-REGULAR BI-EMBEDDINGS OF LATIN SQUARES
Authors: DONOVAN D. M. , GRANNELL M. J. , GRIGGS T. S.
Published: August 2010

For each positive integer n ≥ 2, there is a well-known regular orientable Hamiltonian embedding of Kn, n, and this generates a regular face 2-colourable triangular embedding of Kn, n, n. In the case n ≡ 0 (mod 8), and only in this case, there is a second regular orientable Hamiltonian embedding of Kn, n. This paper presents an analysis of the face 2-colourable triangular embedding of Kn, n, n that results from this. The corresponding Latin squares of side n are determined, together with the full automorphism group of the embedding.
POSITIVE SOLUTIONS TOp(x)-LAPLACIAN–DIRICHLET PROBLEMS WITH SIGN-CHANGING NON-LINEARITIES
Authors: FAN XIANLING
Published: August 2010

Consider thep(x)-Laplacian–Dirichlet problem with sign-changing non-linearity of the formwhere Ω ⊂ ℝNis a bounded domain,p∈C0(Ω) and infx∈Ωp(x) > 1,m∈L∞(Ω) is non-negative,f: ℝ → ℝ is continuous andf(0) > 0, the coefficienta∈L∞(Ω) is sign-changing in (Ω). We give some sufficient conditions to assure the existence of a positive solution to the problem for sufficiently small λ > 0. Our results extend the corresponding results established in thep-Laplacian case to thep(x)-Laplacian case.
PULLBACK ATTRACTORS FOR A NON-AUTONOMOUS SEMI-LINEAR DEGENERATE PARABOLIC EQUATION
Authors: ANH CUNG THE , BAO TANG QUOC
Published: August 2010

In this paper, using the asymptotic a priori estimate method, we prove the existence of pullback attractors for a non-autonomous semi-linear degenerate parabolic equation in an arbitrary domain, without restriction on the growth order of the polynomial type non-linearity and with a suitable exponential growth of the external force. The obtained results improve some recent ones for the non-autonomous reaction–diffusion equations.
CLASSIFYING CLOSED 2-ORBIFOLDS WITH EULER CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: DUVAL WHITNEY , SCHULTE JOHN , SEATON CHRISTOPHER , TAYLOR BRADFORD
Published: August 2010

We determine the extent to which the collection of Γ-Euler–Satake characteristics classify closed 2-orbifolds. In particular, we show that the closed, connected, effective, orientable 2-orbifolds are classified by the Γ-Euler–Satake characteristics corresponding to free or free abelian Γ and are not classified by those corresponding to any finite set of finitely generated discrete groups. These results demonstrate that the Γ-Euler–Satake characteristics corresponding to free abelian Γ constitute new invariants of orbifolds. Similarly, we show that such a classification is neither possible for non-orientable 2-orbifolds nor for non-effective 2-orbifolds using any collection of groups Γ.
THE BOUNDARY CONDITIONS DESCRIPTION OF TYPE I DOMAINS
Authors: EL-GEBEILY MOHAMED , O'REGAN DONAL
Published: August 2010

Type I domains are the domains of the self-adjoint operators determined by the weak formulation of formally self-adjoint differential expressions ℓ. This class of operators is defined by the requirement that the sesquilinear form q(u, v) obtained from ℓ by integration by parts agrees with the inner product 〈ℓu, v〉. A complete characterisation of the boundary conditions assumed by functions in these domains for second-order differential expressions is given in this paper. In the singular case, the boundary conditions are stated in terms of certain ‘boundary condition’ functions and in the regular case they are given in terms of classical function values.
DERIVED H-MODULE ENDOMORPHISM RINGS
Authors: HE JI-WEI , VAN OYSTAEYEN FRED , ZHANG YINHUO
Published: August 2010

Let H be a Hopf algebra, A/B be an H-Galois extension. Let D(A) and D(B) be the derived categories of right A-modules and of right B-modules, respectively. An object M⋅ ∈ D(A) may be regarded as an object in D(B) via the restriction functor. We discuss the relations of the derived endomorphism rings EA(M⋅) = ⊕i∈ℤHomD(A)(M⋅, M⋅[i]) and EB(M⋅) = ⊕i∈ℤHomD(B)(M⋅, M⋅[i]). If H is a finite-dimensional semi-simple Hopf algebra, then EA(M⋅) is a graded sub-algebra of EB(M⋅). In particular, if M is a usual A-module, a necessary and sufficient condition for EB(M) to be an H*-Galois graded extension of EA(M) is obtained. As an application of the results, we show that the Koszul property is preserved under Hopf Galois graded extensions.
HOPF IMAGES AND INNER FAITHFUL REPRESENTATIONS
Authors: BANICA TEODOR , BICHON JULIEN
Published: August 2010

We develop a general theory of Hopf image of a Hopf algebra representation, with the associated concept of inner faithful representation, modelled on the notion of faithful representation of a discrete group. We study several examples, including group algebras, enveloping algebras of Lie algebras, pointed Hopf algebras, function algebras, twistings and cotwistings, and we present a Tannaka duality formulation of the notion of Hopf image.
WEYL'S THEOREM, TENSOR PRODUCTS AND MULTIPLICATION OPERATORS II
Authors: DUGGAL BHAGGY , HARTE ROBIN , KIM AN-HYUN
Published: August 2010

The ‘polaroid’ property transfers from Banach algebra elements to their tensor product, and hence also to their induced multiplications on ‘ultraprime’ Banach bimodules.
Walter Wilson Stothers (1946–2009)
Authors: Cohen Stephen D.
Published: August 2010

Walter Wilson Stothers was born in Glasgow on 8 November 1946. A third (youngest) son, he had the identical name to his father. From childhood, however, he had always been known by his middle name ‘Wilson’, so that his father, a Glasgow GP, would never be referred to as ‘Old Walter’. His mother, as Jean Young Kyle, had herself graduated in Mathematics in 1927, a rare achievement for a woman at that time. After attending the local primary school 1952–1956, Wilson completed his primary education in the preparatory classes in Allan Glen's School, then a distinguished Glasgow boys school with a scientific emphasis, progressing to the secondary school in 1958 and ending by becoming Dux in 1964. He also played in the school rugby first XV. From 1964–1968 he was a student in the Science Faculty of Glasgow University. His original intention was to take Honours in Chemistry and, indeed, he won the Chemistry prize in his first year. But he excelled in all subjects, winning the Faraday medal in the Intermediate Honours (second year) class in Natural Philosophy (Physics). After that he concentrated on Mathematics and became the top student, gaining a First Class Honours degree, as well as the Cunninghame Medal and a Jack Scholarship to Peterhouse College, Cambridge (1968). Before commencing postgraduate studies he married Andrea Watson in September 1968. At Cambridge from 1968–1971 he studied for a Ph.D. in number theory under the supervision of Peter Swinnerton-Dyer and graduated in 1972 with the thesis Some Discrete Triangle Groups. By then he was becoming aware of the strange realm inhabited by mathematicians that he seemed to be entering. So when his Cambridge room-mate Bob Odoni, at a research meeting they were attending as postgrads, asked, ‘Wilson, do you realise that we are the only normal people here’, Wilson felt compelled to respond, ‘What makes you think that we are normal?’
THE G-HILBERT SCHEME FOR
Authors: KĘDZIERSKI OSKAR
Published: August 2010

Following Craw, Maclagan, Thomas and Nakamura's works[2, 7] on Hilbert schemes for abelian groups, we give an explicit description of theHilbGℂ3 scheme for G = 〈diag(ϵ, ϵa, ϵr−a)〉 by a classification of all G-sets. We describe how the combinatorial properties of the fan of HilbGℂ3 relates to the Euclidean algorithm.
Discrete particle simulation of particle–fluid flow: model formulations and their applicability
Authors: ZHOU Z. Y. , KUANG S. B. , CHU K. W. , YU A. B.
Published: August 2010

The approach of combining computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for continuum fluid and the discrete element method (DEM) for discrete particles has been increasingly used to study the fundamentals of coupled particle–fluid flows. Different CFD–DEM models have been used. However, the origin and the applicability of these models are not clearly understood. In this paper, the origin of different model formulations is discussed first. It shows that, in connection with the continuum approach, three sets of formulations exist in the CFD–DEM approach: an original format set I, and subsequent derivations of set II and set III, respectively, corresponding to the so-called model A and model B in the literature. A comparison and the applicability of the three models are assessed theoretically and then verified from the study of three representative particle–fluid flow systems: fluidization, pneumatic conveying and hydrocyclones. It is demonstrated that sets I and II are essentially the same, with small differences resulting from different mathematical or numerical treatments of a few terms in the original equation. Set III is however a simplified version of set I. The testing cases show that all the three models are applicable to gas fluidization and, to a large extent, pneumatic conveying. However, the application of set III is conditional, as demonstrated in the case of hydrocyclones. Strictly speaking, set III is only valid when fluid flow is steady and uniform. Set II and, in particular, set I, which is somehow forgotten in the literature, are recommended for the future CFD–DEM modelling of complex particle–fluid flow.
Circular cylinder vortex-synchronization control with a synthetic jet positioned at the rear stagnation point
Authors: FENG LI HAO , WANG JIN JUN
Published: August 2010

The flow over a circular cylinder controlled by a two-dimensional synthetic jet positioned at the mean rear stagnation point has been experimentally investigated in a water channel at the cylinder Reynolds numberRe= 950. This is an innovative arrangement and the particle-image-velocimetry measurement indicates that it can lead to a novel and interesting phenomenon. The synthetic-jet vortex pairs induced near the exit convect downstream and interact with the vorticity shear layers behind both sides of the cylinder, resulting in the formation of new induced wake vortices. The present vortex synchronization occurs when the excitation frequency of the synthetic jet is between 1.67 and 5.00 times the natural shedding frequency at the dimensionless stroke length 99.5. However, it is suggested that the strength of the synthetic-jet vortex pair plays a more essential role in the occurrence of vortex synchronization than the excitation frequency. In addition, the wake-vortex shedding is converted into a symmetric mode from its original antisymmetric mode. The symmetric shedding mode weakens the interaction between the upper and lower wake vortices, resulting in a decrease in the turbulent kinetic energy produced by them. It also has a significant influence on the global flow field, including the velocity fluctuations, Reynolds stresses and flow topology. However, their distributions are still dominated by the large-scale coherent structures.
Conservation of the orange-bellied Himalayan squirrel Dremomys lokriah using a traditional knowledge system: a case study from Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Dollo Mihin , Gopi G.V. , Teegalapalli Karthik , Mazumdar Kripaljyoti
Published: August 2010

The orange-bellied Himalayan squirrel Dremomys lokriah is used for medicinal purposes by the Apatani community in north-east India. The monetary value of the species has increased 40-fold since 1986. Hunting is perceived to be the primary cause of the decline of D. lokriah but this is now being curtailed through a unique social restriction system (Dapo) under the administration of the traditional village council (Builyang). Here we report on the socio-ecological values of D. lokriah and the traditional hunting system, and conservation initiatives implemented by the Apatani community to conserve the species. This initiative is an opportunity for government agencies and conservationists to merge a traditional knowledge system with modern conservation methods and strengthen participatory conservation management.
Explaining British-Irish cooperation
Authors: TANNAM ETAIN
Published: August 2010

This article applies rational institutionalism, to the case of the British-Irish relationship. Hypotheses are drawn about the role of institutions in advancing cooperation. In section two an overview and analysis of British-Irish agreements and policymaking processes are provided. In section three, the role of institution-building in causing British-Irish cooperation is highlighted. In conclusion, the enduring relevance of rational institutionalism to the British-Irish case is highlighted and its potential to understand conflict in the 21st century is stressed.
Entry into international society reconceptualised: the case of Russia
Authors: NEUMANN IVER B.
Published: August 2010

This article addresses how entry into international society has been conceptualised, suggests a reconceptualisation that will make the concept more relational, and illustrates with a case study. Part one attempts a summary of relevant debates without the English School, and directs attention to the importance of how entrants draw on memories of its subject position in the suzerain system that it left as it entered international society. Part two discuses the experiences of Russia's predecessor polities, with the focus being on the place of Russian principalities within the suzerain system of the Golden Horde (ca. 1240–1500). I argue that Russia's basic stance towards European polities in the 16th and early 17th centuries is readily understandable in terms of a key memory, namely the one of being dominated by this polity, which was itself an outgrowth of the Mongol empire. Part three demonstrates how the resulting understanding of politics was confirmed by Russian experiences in the 16th and 17th centuries. I suggest that Russia never really let go of its memories of being part of a suzerain system, and that it is therefore still suspended somewhere in the outer tier of international society.
Number of blastomeres and distribution of microvilli in cloned mouse embryos during compaction
Authors: Li Chao-Bo , Wang Zhen-Dong , Zheng Zhong , Hu Li-Li , Zhong Shu-Qi , Lei Lei
Published: August 2010

The events resulting in compaction have an important influence on the processes related to blastocyst formation. To analyse the quality of the embryos obtained by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in aspects different from previous studies, not only the number of blastomeres of cloned embryos during the initiation of compaction, but also the distribution of microvilli in cloned, normal, parthenogenetic, and tetraploid embryos before and after compaction was preliminarily investigated in mouse. Our results showed that during compaction the number of blastomeres in SCNT embryos was fewer than that in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) embryos and, before compaction, there was a uniform distribution of microvilli over the blastomere surface, but microvilli became restricted to an apical region after compaction in the four types of embryos. We also reported here that the time course of compaction in SCNT embryos was about 3 h delayed compared with that in ICSI embryos, while there was no significant difference between SCNT and ICSI embryos when developed to the 4-cell stage. We concluded that: (i) the cleavage of blastomeres in cloned embryos was slow at least before compaction; (ii) the distribution of microvilli in cloned, normal, parthenogenetic, and tetraploid embryos was coherent before and after compaction; and (iii) the initiation of compaction in SCNT embryos was delayed compared with that of ICSI embryos.
Ooplasm transfer and interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer: heteroplasmy, pattern of mitochondrial migration and effect on embryo development
Authors: Sansinena Marina J. , Lynn John , Bondioli Kenneth R. , Denniston Richard S. , Godke Robert A.
Published: August 2010

Although interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) has potential applications in the conservation of exotic species, anin vitrodevelopmental block has been observed in embryos produced by this approach. It has been suggested that mitochondrial mismatch between donor cell and recipient oocyte could cause embryonic developmental arrest. A series of experiments was conducted to investigate the effect of mixed mitochondrial populations (heteroplasmy) on early development of iSCNT-derived cloned embryos. The effect of combining the techniques of ooplasm transfer (OT) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) was examined by monitoringin vitroembryonic development; the presence and pattern of migration of foreign mitochondria after OT was analysed by MitoTracker staining. In addition, the effect of transferring caprine ooplasm (iOT) into the bovine enucleated oocytes used in iSCNT was analysed. There was no significant effect of the sequence of events (OT-SCNT or SCNT-OT) on the number of fused, cleaved, blastocyst or hatched blastocyst stage embryos. MitoTracker Green staining of donor oocytes used for OT confirmed the introduction of foreign mitochondria. The distribution pattern of transferred mitochondria most commonly remained in a distinct cluster after 12, 74 and 144 h ofin vitroculture. When goat ooplasm was injected into bovine enucleated oocytes (iSCNT), there was a reduction (p< 0.05) in fusion (52 vs. 82%) and subsequent cleavage rates (55 vs. 78%). The procedure of iOT prior to iSCNT had no effect in overcoming the 8- to 16-cellin vitrodevelopmental block, and only parthenogenetic cow and goat controls reached the blastocyst (36 and 32%) and hatched blastocyst (25 and 12%) stages, respectively. This study indicates that when foreign mitochondria are introduced at the time of OT, these organelles tend to remain as distinct clusters without relocation after a few mitotic divisions. Although the bovine cytoplast appears capable of supporting mitotic divisions after iOT-iSCNT, heteroplasmy or mitochondrial incompatibilities may affect nuclear-ooplasmic events occurring at the time of genomic activation.
Preliminary evidence of motor impairment among polysubstance 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine users with intact neuropsychological functioning
Authors: BOUSMAN CHAD A. , CHERNER MARIANA , EMORY KRISTEN T. , BARRON DANIEL , GREBENSTEIN PATRICIA , ATKINSON J. HAMPTON , HEATON ROBERT K. , GRANT IGOR ,   THE HNRC GROUP
Published: August 2010

Neuropsychological disturbances have been reported in association with use of the recreational drug “ecstasy,” or 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), but findings have been inconsistent. We performed comprehensive neuropsychological testing examining seven ability domains in 21 MDMA users (MDMA+) and 21 matched control participants (MDMA−). Among MDMA+ participants, median [interquartile range] lifetime MDMA use was 186 [111, 516] doses, with 120 [35–365] days of abstinence. There were no significant group differences in neuropsychological performance, with the exception of the motor speed/dexterity domain in which 43% of MDMA+ were impaired compared with 5% of MDMA− participants (p= .004). Motor impairment differences were not explained by use of other substances and were unrelated to length of abstinence or lifetime number of MDMA doses. Findings provide limited evidence for neuropsychological differences between MDMA+ and MDMA− participants with the exception of motor impairments observed in the MDMA+ group. However, replication of this finding in a larger sample is warranted. (JINS, 2010,16, 1047–1055.)
Executive function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea treated with continuous positive airway pressure
Authors: LAU ESTHER YUET YING , ESKES GAIL A. , MORRISON DEBRA L. , RAJDA MALGORZATA , SPURR KATHLEEN F.
Published: August 2010

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by disrupted breathing and hypoxemia during sleep, daytime sleepiness, and changes in cognition and mood. One important question is regarding the reversibility of cognitive deficits after treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Here, we report the outcomes of CPAP treatment as measured by tests of attention and executive function. Thirty-seven individuals with moderate to severe OSA and compliant on CPAP treatment were studied with working memory tasks, neuropsychological testing, and overnight polysomnographic sleep study and compared to 27 healthy controls. CPAP improved the respiratory disturbance index, minimum and mean oxygen saturation (SpO2), subjective sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness ratings compared to pre-treatment values. In terms of current neurocognitive function, treated individuals with OSA performed at a comparable level to controls on basic working memory storage functions but still showed a significant reduction on tests of working memory requiring the central executive. The OSA group also performed worse on neuropsychological measures of complex attention, executive function, and psychomotor speed. While CPAP is an effective treatment for OSA in terms of ameliorating breathing disruption and oxygen desaturation during sleep, as well as daytime sleepiness, some cognitive deficits may be more resistant to treatment. (JINS, 2010,16, 1077–1088.)
Confabulations are emotionally charged, but not always for the best
Authors: BAJO ANA , FLEMINGER SIMON , KOPELMAN MICHAEL
Published: August 2010

There is disagreement regarding the underlying basis of confabulation and, in particular, whether emotional mechanisms influence the presence or the content of confabulations. In this study, we have examined the emotional content of confabulations and “true” memories given by 24 memory-disordered patients on two autobiographical memory tasks. Two judges made pleasant/neutral/unpleasant ratings. Although many of the “memories” were evaluated as “neutral”, there was an enhanced level of statements rated as having affective content (either pleasant or unpleasant) amongst these patients’ confabulations, compared with their “true” memories. This affective bias was present irrespective of whether patients had suffered focal pathology extending to the ventro-medial frontal cortex (VMFC) or other pathology. There was also a correlation between participants’ self-evaluated mood-states and both true and false memories’ affective content, suggestive of a mood congruency effect in both types of memory. In summary, there was an enhanced tendency to produce memories with affective content (pleasant and unpleasant) amongst confabulations (whether or not there was VMFC pathology). The affective content of both confabulations and true memories produced may relate, in part, to an individual’s current mood-state. (JINS, 2010, 16, 975–983.)
Climate-change feedback on economic growth: explorations with a dynamic general equilibrium model
Authors: EBOLI FABIO , PARRADO RAMIRO , ROSON ROBERTO
Published: August 2010

Human-generated greenhouse gases depend on the level and emissions intensity of economic activities. Therefore, most climate-change studies are based on the models and scenarios of economic growth. Economic growth itself, however, is likely to be affected by climate-change impacts. These impacts affect the economy in multiple and complex ways: changes in productivity, resource endowments, production and consumption patterns. We use a new dynamic, multi-regional computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the world economy to answer the following questions: Will climate-change impacts significantly affect growth and wealth distribution in the world? Should forecasts of human-induced greenhouse gas emissions be revised, once the climate-change impacts are taken into account? We found that, even though economic growth and emission paths do not change significantly at the global level, relevant differences exist at the regional and sectoral level. In particular, developing countries appear to suffer the most from the climate-change impacts.