bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new subspecies of Crepidium commelinifolium (Malaxideae; Epidendroideae; Orchidaceae)
Authors: Margonska Hanna B
Published: April 2015

Crepidium commelinifolium (Zollinger & Moritzi in Zollinger 1844: 402) Szlachetko (1995: 125) belongs to sect. Commelinodes (Schlechter 1911: 124) Szlachetko (1995: 123), subsect. Commelinodes (Margońska & Szlachetko, 2010: 4) and occurs mainly in Java but also in Borneo (Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia), at elevations ranging from 200–2,000 m above sea level. This terrestrial orchid species forms colonies that are sometimes dense and cover relatively large areas, but it always occurs in shaded to deeply shaded locations that are moist or wet. Owing to its occurrence at a wide range of altitudes and on various substrates etc., it came as no surprise that this species shows variation. For years, I have observed plants of this species produce leaves of two kinds. In most plants, including the type-specimens, the leaves are almost cordate to ovate, shortly attenuate, acute, with a cordate base and simple, entire margins. A second group of plants, however, possesses oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate leaves with undulate margins. I have never observed populations of both groups occurring at the same location. Nevertheless, both groups are well represented in herbarium collections, both as dried, pressed specimens and as liquid–preserved material.
A new species of Chamaecrista (Leguminosae) from the Brazilian Central Plateau
Authors: Souza Alessandro Oliveira , SILVA MARCOS JOSÉ DA
Published: April 2015

During a taxonomic study of Chamaecrista sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser. Rigidulae a new species was discovered growing in the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park and neighboring areas. Chamaecrista tenuicaulis is herein described and illustrated and has its morphological affinities and systematic position discussed. The geographical distribution, conservation status, and information about flowering and fruiting are also provided.
Taxonomic notes on the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini) 1.
Authors: BAIOCCHI DANIELE
Published: April 2015

In the present paper I propose the following taxonomic changes: Anthaxia (Haplanthaxia) bosdaghensis Obenberger, 1938 (= cavazzutii Bílý, 1980 syn. nov.); A. (Anthaxia) ephippiata Redtenbacher, 1850 (= kreuzbergi Richter, 1944 syn. nov.); A. (H.) pleuralis Faimaire, 1883 (= parapleuralis Obenberger, 1929 syn. nov.); A. (H.) scylla Levey, 1985, removal from synonymy (= aprutiana Gerini, 1955 unavailable name); A. (A.) truncata Abeille, 1900 (= lgockii Obenberger, 1917 syn. nov.; = talyshensis Bílý, 1991 syn. nov.; = adiyamana Svoboda, 1994 syn. nov.).        Lectotypes for A. (A.) kreuzbergi, A. (H.) parapleuralis and A. (A.) truncata are designated. All the studied types are illustrated, together with their original data labels. Each of the valid species is placed in its respective species-group, and notes are given on the distribution.
Synopsis of subfamily Haplogleniinae Newman, 1853 in China (Neuroptera: Ascalaphidae)
Authors: ZHANG JIE , SUN MINGXIA , WANG XINLI
Published: April 2015

A synopsis of the subfamily Haplogleniinae Newman, 1853 (Neuroptera: Ascalaphidae) is presented. One new synonyms is proposed. Protidricerus palliventralis Yang, 1999 syn.n. is a junior synonym of Protidricerus elwesii (McLachlan, 1891). Two genera and eight species are redescribed and illustrated, and keys to the genera and species are presented.
The digger wasps of the genus Didineis Wesmael (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae: Bembicinae) of Russia and adjacent territories, with a key to species and new synonymies
Authors: NEMKOV PAVEL G.
Published: April 2015

Ten species of Didineis Wesmael 1852 are recorded from Russia and adjacent territories. The new synonymy (valid name listed first) is established for Didineis bactriana Gussakovskij 1937 = D. ogloblini Gussakovskij 1937, D. clavimana Gussakovskij 1937 = D. turanica Gussakovskij 1937, and D. lunicornis (Fabricius 1798) = Didineis ruthenica Gussakovskij 1937. The number of valid species-group taxa in the genus Didineis is reduced to 25. The lectotypes are designated for four species: Didineis bactriana Gussakovskij 1937, D. botsharnikovi Gussakovskij 1937, D. clavimana Gussakovskij 1937, D. ruthenica Gussakovskij 1937. An original key to the species is provided.
A cultivable acoel species from the Mediterranean, Aphanostoma pisae sp. nov. (Acoela, Acoelomorpha)
Authors: ZAUCHNER THOMAS , SALVENMOSER WILLI , EGGER BERNHARD
Published: April 2015

Aphanostoma pisae sp. nov. is an interstitial acoel found at the coast of the Liguric Sea in Pisa (Tuscany, Italy). It belongs to the large family Isodiametridae, characterised by a male copulatory organ with a cylindrical shape and non-anastomising longitudinal muscle fibers. It is the first recognised species of Aphanostoma in the Mediterranean and it can occur in great abundance at its type locality (several hundred specimens in a spoonful of sand). A. pisae has been cultured in the laboratory for several years with diatoms for food. The embryonic development lasts for just under two days at 20 °C.        We provide a description of the new species using live observations, light and electron microscopy of sagittal sections and stainings of the filamentous actin and the serotonergic nervous system, and we discuss and update the genus diagnoses of the genera Aphanostoma and Praeconvoluta.
Description of two new species of the genus Devadatta from northern Vietnam and central Laos (Odonata: Devadattidae)
Authors: PHAN QUOC TOAN , SASAMOTO AKIHIKO , HAYASHI FUMIO
Published: April 2015

Two new species of the genus Devadatta Kirby, 1890, D. kompieri sp. nov. from northern Vietnam (holotype: male, Mu Cang Chai district, Yen Bai Province) and D. yokoii sp. nov. from central Laos (holotype: male, Vang Vieng, Vientiane Province) are described. These new species are allied to D. ducatrix Lieftinck, 1969, but are distinguished by specific characteristics of their wings and anal appendages. The other Indochinese species are also briefly discussed.
A new species of the ant-hunter genus Tracheliodes Morawitz (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae: Crabronini) from Brazil
Authors: MELO GABRIEL A. R. , ROSA BRUNNO B.
Published: April 2015

Tracheliodes leclercqi sp. n., a new species of the ant-hunter genus Tracheliodes Morawitz, is described from southeastern Brazil. It closely resembles T. cutucu Cooper, 1988 and the main differences between the two species are presented. Photographs of type specimens of T. leclercqi sp. n., as well as of a female and a male paratypes of T. cutucu, are provided.
Badis britzi, a new percomorph fish (Teleostei: Badidae) from the Western Ghats of India
Authors: DAHANUKAR NEELESH , KUMKAR PRADEEP , KATWATE UNMESH , RAGHAVAN RAJEEV
Published: April 2015

Badis britzi, the first species of the genus endemic to southern India, is described from the Nagodi tributary of the west-flowing Sharavati River in Karnataka. It is distinguished from congeners by a combination of characters including a slender body, 21–24 pored lateral-line scales and a striking colour pattern consisting of 11 bars and a mosaic of black and red pigmentation on the side of the body including the end of caudal peduncle, and the absence of cleithral, opercular, or caudal-peduncle blotches, or an ocellus on the caudal-fin base. Badis triocellus Khynriam & Sen is considered a junior synonym of B. singenensis Geetakumari & Kadu.
Genesis of Tropical Storm Debby (2006) within an African Easterly Wave: Roles of the Bottom-Up and Midlevel Pouch Processes
Authors: Zhu Lin , Zhang Da-Lin , Cecelski Stefan F. , Shen Xinyong
Published: April 2015

The “bottom up” generation of low-level vortices (LVs) and midlevel vortices (MVs) during the genesis of Tropical Storm Debby (2006) and the roles of a midlevel “marsupial pouch” associated with an African easterly wave (AEW) are examined using an 84-h simulation with the finest grid size of 1.33 km. Results show that several MVs are generated in leading convective bands and then advected rearward into stratiform regions by front-to-rear ascending flows. Because of different Lagrangian storm-scale circulations, MVs and LVs are displaced along different paths during the early genesis stages. MVs propagate cyclonically inward within the AEW pouch while experiencing slow intensification and merging under the influence of converging flows. The MVs’ merging into a mesovortex is accelerated as they come closer to each other in the core region. In contrast, the low-level Lagrangian circulation is opened as a wave trough prior to tropical depression (TD) stage, so the LVs tend to “escape” from the pouch region. Only after the low-level flows become closed do some LVs congregate and contribute directly to Debby’s genesis. The TD stage is reached when the midlevel mesovortex and an LV are collocated with a convective zone having intense low-level convergence. Results also show the roles of upper-level warming in hydrostatically maintaining the midlevel pouch and producing mesoscale surface pressure falls. It is found that the vertically tilted AEW with a cold dome below is transformed to a deep warm-core TD vortex by subsiding motion. A conceptual model describing the key elements in the genesis of Debby is also provided.
The Influence of Orbital Forcing of Tropical Insolation on the Climate and Isotopic Composition of Precipitation in South America
Authors: Liu Xiaojuan , Battisti David S.
Published: April 2015

The δ18O of calcite (δ18Oc) in speleothems from South America is fairly well correlated with austral summer [December–February (DJF)] insolation, indicating the role of orbitally paced changes in insolation in changing the climate of South America. Using an isotope-enabled atmospheric general circulation model (ECHAM4.6) coupled to a slab ocean model, the authors study how orbitally paced variations in insolation change climate and the isotopic composition of precipitation (δ18Op) of South America. Compared with times of high summertime insolation, times of low insolation feature (i) a decrease in precipitation inland of tropical South America as a result of an anomalous cooling of the South American continent and hence a weakening of the South American summer monsoon and (ii) an increase in precipitation in eastern Brazil that is associated with the intensification and southward movement of the Atlantic intertropical convergence zone, which is caused by the strengthening of African winter monsoon that is induced by the anomalous cooling of northern Africa. Finally, reduced DJF insolation over southern Africa causes cooling and the generation of a tropically trapped Rossby wave that intensifies and shifts the South Atlantic convergence zone northward. In times of low insolation, δ18Op increases in the northern Andes and decreases in northeastern Brazil, consistent with the pattern of δ18Oc changes seen in speleothems. Further analysis shows that the decrease in δ18Op in northeastern Brazil is due to change in the intensity of precipitation, while the increase in the northern Andes reflects a change in the seasonality of precipitation and in the isotopic composition of vapor that forms the condensates.
Airmass Origin in the Arctic. Part I: Seasonality
Authors: Orbe Clara , Newman Paul A. , Waugh Darryn W. , Holzer Mark , Oman Luke D. , Li Feng , Polvani Lorenzo M.
Published: April 2015

The first climatology of airmass origin in the Arctic is presented in terms of rigorously defined airmass fractions that partition air according to where it last contacted the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Results from a present-day climate integration of the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry–Climate Model (GEOSCCM) reveal that the majority of air in the Arctic below 700 mb last contacted the PBL poleward of 60°N. By comparison, 62% (±0.8%) of the air above 700 mb originates over Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes (i.e., “midlatitude air”). Seasonal variations in the airmass fractions above 700 mb reveal that during boreal winter air from midlatitudes originates primarily over the oceans, with 26% (±1.9%) last contacting the PBL over the eastern Pacific, 21% (±0.87%) over the Atlantic, and 16% (±1.2%) over the western Pacific. During summer, by comparison, midlatitude air originates primarily over land, overwhelmingly so over Asia [41% (±1.0%)] and, to a lesser extent, over North America [24% (±1.5%)]. Seasonal variations in the airmass fractions are interpreted in terms of changes in the large-scale ventilation of the midlatitude boundary layer and the midlatitude tropospheric jet.
Freshwater Flux and Spatiotemporal Simulated Runoff Variability into Ilulissat Icefjord, West Greenland, Linked to Salinity and Temperature Observations near Tidewater Glacier Margins Obtained Using Instrumented Ringed Seals
Authors: Mernild Sebastian H. , Holland David M. , Holland Denise , Rosing-Asvid Aqqalu , Yde Jacob C. , Liston Glen E. , Steffen Konrad
Published: April 2015

The distribution of terrestrial surface runoff to Ilulissat Icefjord, west Greenland, is simulated for the period 2009–13 to better emphasize the spatiotemporal variability in freshwater flux and the link between runoff spikes and observed hydrographic conditions at the Greenland Ice Sheet tidewater glacier margins. Runoff model simulations were forced with automatic weather station data and verified against snow water equivalent depth, equilibrium line altitude, and quasi-continuous salinity and temperature observations obtained by ringed seals. Instrumented seals provide a novel platform to examine the otherwise inaccessible waters beneath the dense ice mélange within the first 0–10 km of the calving front. The estimated mean freshwater flux from land was 70.6 ± 4.2 km3 yr−1, with an 85% contribution of ice discharge from Jakobshavn Isbrae (also known as Sermeq Kujalleq), 14% from runoff, and the remaining 1% from precipitation on the fjord surface area, subglacial geothermal melting, and frictional melting due to basal ice motion. Runoff was simulated to be present from May to November and to vary spatially according to glacier cover and individual catchment size. Salinity and temperature observations correlate (significantly) with simulated runoff for the upper part of both the main fjord and southern fjord arm. Also, at the tidewater glacier margins in the northern and southern arm of Ilulissat Icefjord, salinity changes in the upper water column (upper 50 m) are significant after temporal spikes in runoff during late summer, while small-amplitude runoff variability during the recession of runoff did not create a clear signal in observed salinity variability. Also, in the southern arm near the glacier margin (between 100- and 150-m depth), the heterogeneous distribution in salinity could be because of the mixing of meltwater going upward from passing the grounding line. The effect of runoff spikes on observed salinity is less pronounced near the ice margin of Jakobshavn Isbrae than in the north and south arms.
Gizmo Is a Mean Word!
Authors: Koltai Peter J.
Published: April 2015

The editorial titled “Gizmos” in the April issue of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery was unfortunate. Intracapsular tonsillectomy is a rational surgical option for managing tonsillar hypertrophy causing obstructive sleep apnea in selected children. It is performed routinely by surgeons across the globe and has become the standard of care across northern Europe due to the high safety profile of the operation. The semirigid, dartlike design of the sinuplasty devices suggested the idea for an airway‐specific set of high‐pressure balloons. We began working on these in 2007 and had FDA approval in 2009. They are in wide use by many airway surgeons. Lingual tonsils are a frequent cause of obstructive sleep apnea, and there is no tool that manages this as effectively as endoscopic plasma ablation. We are all engaged in an honorable effort to improve care; surgical and creative skills are as important as analytical skills. Both are necessary for the continuous improvement of our work. Both are worthy of respect.
Ambulatory Thyroidectomy
Authors: Orosco Ryan K. , Lin Harrison W. , Bhattacharyya Neil
Published: April 2015

Objective

Determine rates and reasons for revisits after ambulatory adult thyroidectomy.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional analysis of multistate ambulatory surgery and hospital databases.

Setting

Ambulatory surgery data from the State Ambulatory Surgery Databases of California, Florida, Iowa, and New York for calendar years 2010 and 2011.

Subjects and Methods

Ambulatory thyroidectomy cases were linked to state ambulatory, emergency, and inpatient databases for revisit encounters occurring within 30 days. The numbers of revisits, mortality, and associated diagnoses were analyzed.

Results

A total of 25,634 cases of ambulatory thyroid surgery were identified: 44.2% total thyroidectomy (TT) and 55.8% partial thyroidectomy (PT). Common indications for surgery included goiter/cyst (39.5%), benign/uncertain neoplasm (24.2%), and malignant neoplasm (24.0%). The 30‐day revisit rate was 7.2% (n = 1858; 61.8% emergency department, 22.4% inpatient admission, and 15.8% ambulatory surgery center). The most common diagnosis at revisit was hypocalcemia (20.8% of revisits), followed by wound hematoma/seroma/bleeding (7.1%). Higher rates of revisit, hypocalcemia, and hematoma/seroma/bleeding were seen in patients undergoing TT (P <. 016 for all). Sixteen patients had bleeding less than 24 hours after the index procedure (0.1% overall, 0.9% of revisits). Most hypocalcemia and hematoma/bleeding occurred over the first postoperative week. Three deaths occurred within 30 days of the index procedure.

Conclusion

In carefully selected patients, ambulatory thyroidectomy demonstrates a good postoperative morbidity and mortality profile. Common reasons for revisits included hypocalcemia and bleeding/seroma/hematoma, which occurred with relatively high frequencies as late as a week after surgery. Quality improvement measures should be targeted at lowering revisit rates and safely managing complications.
Screening for hepatitis C in average and high‐risk populations of Qatar using rapid point‐of‐care testing
Authors: Sharma Manik , Al Kaabi Saad , John Anil K , Al Dweik Nazeeh , Ullah Wani Hameed , Babu Thandassary Ragesh , Derbala Moutaz F , Al Ejji Khalid , Sultan Khaleel , Pasic Fuad , Al Mohannadi Munnera , Yacoub Rafae , Butt Mohd Tariq , Singh Rajvir
Published: April 2015

Background

Screening for hepatitis C has been found to be beneficial in high‐risk individuals and ‘baby boomers’.

Objective

Our aim was to screen for hepatitis C in average and high‐risk individuals and compare the disease characteristics and response to treatment among the screened group (SG) and non‐screened group (NSG).

Method

Community‐based screening for hepatitis C was done in the average and high‐risk populations of Qatar. Screening was done using rapid point‐of‐care testing. All patients with stage 1 fibrosis on liver biopsy were treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin.

Results

In total, 13,704 people were screened and 272 (2%, 95% CI (1.8–2.2%) had positive antibodies to hepatitis C. During the same period, 237 non‐screened patients (NSG) with hepatitis C were referred for treatment. Alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALT, AST) and overall fibrosis were significantly lower in the SG as compared with the NSG (p  = 0.04, 0.04 and 0.01, respectively). The response to treatment was similar in the SG as compared with the NSG (sustained viral response 61.7 % versus 69.1%, p  = 0.55). Average‐risk patients had significantly lower ALT levels (p  = 0.04) but had similar response to treatment as the high‐risk individuals (sustained viral response 63.2 % versus 61%, p  = 0.87).

Conclusion

Screening detects hepatitis C with lesser fibrosis but does not result in better response to pegylated interferon and ribavirin as compared with non‐screened patients.
Alternative donor hematopoietic cell transplantation for Fanconi anemia
Authors: MacMillan Margaret L. , DeFor Todd E. , Young Jo-Anne H. , Dusenbery Kathryn E. , Blazar Bruce R. , Slungaard Arne , Zierhut Heather , Weisdorf Daniel J. , Wagner John E.
Published: April 2015

Key Points

With no prior opportunistic infections/transfusions, 5-year survival after alternative donor HCT with TBI 300 cGy, CY, FLU, and ATG was 94%. Today, most FA patients with standard risk disease are cured of their bone marrow failure by HCT even without an HLA-matched sibling donor.
Optogenetic induced epileptiform activity in a model human cortex
Authors: Selvaraj Prashanth , Sleigh Jamie W , Kirsch Heidi E , Szeri Andrew J
Published: April 2015

Background

Cortical stimulation plays an important role in the study of epileptic seizures. We present a numerical simulation of stimulation using optogenetic channels expressed by excitatory cells in a mean field model of the human cortex.

Findings

Depolarising excitatory cells in a patch of model cortex using Channelrhodpsin-2 (ChR2) ion channels, we are able to hyper-excite a normally functioning cortex and mimic seizure activity. The temporal characteristics of optogenetic channels, and the ability to control the frequency of synchronous activity using these properties are also demonstrated.

Conclusions

Optogenetics is a powerful stimulation technique with high spatial, temporal and cell-type specificity, and would be invaluable in studying seizures and other brain disorders and functions.
XEOM 1 - A novel microscopy system for the chemical imaging of heritage metal surfaces
Authors: Dowsett Mark , Hand Matt , Sabbe Pieter-Jan , Thompson Paul , Adriaens Annemie
Published: April 2015

Background

We describe a novel microscopy system which can obtain chemical maps from the surfaces of heritage metals in air or a controlled environment. The microscope, x-ray excited optical microscope Mk 1 (XEOM 1), forms images from x-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) induced by illuminating a few square millimetres of the sample with monochromated x-rays (broad beam or macroprobe illumination). XEOL is a spectroscopy tool in its own right and can, under the right circumstances, also be a vehicle for x-ray absorption spectroscopy. This (usually) synchrotron based technique provides information on the chemical state and short-range atomic order of the top few microns of a surface. It is thus well suited to heritage metal corrosion studies and is complementary to synchrotron x-ray diffraction.

Results

Imaging can be performed by scanning the sample under an x-ray microprobe. We show elsewhere that the power density needed for image acquisition on a reasonable time-scale is high enough to damage a patina and modify its chemistry. Although the damaged region may be invisible to the human eye, the data are characteristic of the damage and not the native chemistry of the surface. A macrobeam power density can be 4 orders of magnitude smaller than that for a microbeam and no surface modification was observed on test samples. Features of the instrument are demonstrated using copper test surfaces with a spatially varying patination to establish the ground work for the imaging of copper, cuprite, nantokite and atacamite/paratacamite and a first application from a bronze chain mail link. In parallel we have developed a suite of imaging software which can process XEOM image stacks to produce reduced data sets characteristic of various aspects of the surface chemical map. These include edge-shift (oxidation state) images and edge height (high contrast) images and spectra from user defined regions of interest.

Conclusions

The technique can map the oxidation state of a surface from shifts in the absorption edge energy across columns of pixels in an image set, and map particular compounds from their characteristic XANES spectra. Optically filtered images give improved chemical selectivity and the data sets contain as yet untapped information sources.
Editorial: Crossing the divide: a novel Cd8 enhancer with activity in CTLs and CD8αα+ dendritic cells
Authors: Jeschke Jonathan C , Williams Calvin B
Published: April 2015

Discussion on enhancers from the Cd8 locus and their ability to drive transgenic reporter expression in different types of CD8+ cells.
Age inclusive services or separate old age and working age services? A historical analysis from the formative years of old age psychiatryc.1940–1989
Authors: Hilton Claire
Published: April 2015

The Equality Act 2010 made it unlawful to discriminate in the provision of services on the grounds of age. This legislation is open to interpretation, but it is affecting the way older people's services are defined and provided. Historical evidence indicates that, since the 1940s, apart from psychiatrists working in dedicated old age services, most were unenthusiastic about working with mentally unwell older people and unsupportive of those who chose to do so. A historical analysis might shed light on current dilemmas about ‘all age’ or ‘old age’ services and inform decision-making on future mental health services.
Neglect of the complex: why psychotherapy for post-traumatic clinical presentations is often ineffective
Authors: Corrigan Frank M. , Hull Alastair M.
Published: April 2015

Evidence of efficacy in studies of post-traumatic conditions is largely derived from studies in which variables are kept to a minimum. Extrapolation of treatments from uncomplicated disorders to complex conditions may therefore be called evidence-based without being evidenced. Complex conditions with poly-symptomatic presentations and extensive comorbidity are being denied proper evaluation, and patients most severely traumatised from the early stages of their development are not provided with rigorously evaluated psychotherapies because they are more difficult to study in the manner approved by research protocols. Such evidence as there is suggests that the simple extension of treatments for uncomplicated disorders is seriously inadequate. This has significant implications for health services responsible for the provision of the most efficacious treatments to those whose disorders arise from severe trauma, often very early in their life.
Complete Regression of Metastatic Cervical Cancer After Treatment With Human Papillomavirus–Targeted Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells
Authors: Stevanović Sanja , Draper Lindsey M. , Langhan Michelle M. , Campbell Tracy E. , Kwong Mei Li , Wunderlich John R. , Dudley Mark E. , Yang James C. , Sherry Richard M. , Kammula Udai S. , Restifo Nicholas P. , Rosenberg Steven A. , Hinrichs Christian S.
Published: April 2015

Purpose

Metastatic cervical cancer is a prototypical chemotherapy-refractory epithelial malignancy for which better treatments are needed. Adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT) is emerging as a promising cancer treatment, but its study in epithelial malignancies has been limited. This study was conducted to determine if ACT could mediate regression of metastatic cervical cancer.

Patients and Methods

Patients enrolled onto this protocol were diagnosed with metastatic cervical cancer and had previously received platinum-based chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Patients were treated with a single infusion of tumor-infiltrating T cells selected when possible for human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 reactivity (HPV-TILs). Cell infusion was preceded by lymphocyte-depleting chemotherapy and was followed by administration of aldesleukin.

Results

Three of nine patients experienced objective tumor responses (two complete responses and one partial response). The two complete responses were ongoing 22 and 15 months after treatment, respectively. One partial response was 3 months in duration. The HPV reactivity of T cells in the infusion product (as measured by interferon gamma production, enzyme-linked immunospot, and CD137 upregulation assays) correlated positively with clinical response (P = .0238 for all three assays). In addition, the frequency of HPV-reactive T cells in peripheral blood 1 month after treatment was positively associated with clinical response (P = .0238).

Conclusion

Durable, complete regression of metastatic cervical cancer can occur after a single infusion of HPV-TILs. Exploratory studies suggest a correlation between HPV reactivity of the infusion product and clinical response. Continued investigation of this therapy is warranted.
β-Cell Sensitivity to GLP-1 in Healthy Humans Is Variable and Proportional to Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Aulinger Benedikt A. , Vahl Torsten P. , Wilson-Pérez Hilary E. , Prigeon Ron L. , D'Alessio David A.
Published: April 2015

Context:

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an insulinotropic factor made in the gastrointestinal tract that is essential for normal glucose tolerance. Infusion of GLP-1 increases insulin secretion in both diabetic and nondiabetic humans. However, the degree to which people vary in their β-cell sensitivity to GLP-1 and the factors contributing to this variability have not been reported.

Objective:

The objective was to measure the sensitivity of insulin secretion to GLP-1 in cohorts of lean and obese subjects across a broad range of insulin sensitivity.

Methods:

Insulin secretion was measured during clamped hyperglycemia (7.2 mmol/L) and graded GLP-1 infusion in young, healthy subjects, and GLP-1 sensitivity was computed from the insulin secretion rate (ISR) during progressive increases in plasma GLP-1.

Results:

All subjects had fasting glucose values <5.2 mm. The obese subjects were insulin resistant compared to the lean group (homeostasis model of assessment 2 for insulin resistance: obese, 2.6 ± 0.5; lean, 0.8 ± 0.1; P < .001). ISR increased linearly in both cohorts with escalating doses of GLP-1, but the slope of ISR in response to GLP-1 was greater in the obese than in the lean subjects (obese, 0.17 ± 0.03 nmol/min/pm; lean, 0.05 ± 0.01 nmol/min/pm; P < .001). There was a significant association of β-cell GLP-1 sensitivity and insulin resistance (r = 0.83; P < .001), and after correction for homeostasis model of assessment 2 for insulin resistance, the slopes of ISR vs GLP-1 concentration did not differ in the two cohorts (obese, 0.08 ± 0.01; lean, 0.08 ± 0.01; P = .98). However, within the entire study group, β-cell GLP-1 sensitivity corrected for insulin resistance varied nearly 10-fold.

Conclusions:

Insulin secretion in response to GLP-1 is proportional to insulin resistance in healthy subjects. However, there is considerable variability in the sensitivity of the β-cell to GLP-1 that is independent of insulin sensitivity.
Cavin family proteins and the assembly of caveolae
Authors: Kovtun Oleksiy , Tillu Vikas A. , Ariotti Nicholas , Parton Robert G. , Collins Brett M.
Published: April 2015

Caveolae are an abundant feature of the plasma membrane in many cells. Until recently, they were generally considered to be membrane invaginations whose formation primarily driven by integral membrane proteins called caveolins. However, the past decade has seen the emergence of the cavin family of peripheral membrane proteins as essential coat components and regulators of caveola biogenesis. In this Commentary, we summarise recent data on the role of cavins in caveola formation, highlighting structural studies that provide new insights into cavin coat assembly. In mammals, there are four cavin family members that associate through homo- and hetero-oligomerisation to form distinct subcomplexes on caveolae, which can be released into the cell in response to stimuli. Studies from several labs have provided a better understanding of cavin stoichiometry and the molecular basis for their oligomerisation, as well as identifying interactions with membrane phospholipids that may be important for caveola function. We propose a model in which coincident, low-affinity electrostatically controlled protein–protein and protein–lipid interactions allow the formation of caveolae, generating a meta-stable structure that can respond to plasma membrane stress by release of cavins.
Spectral sensitivity of cone photoreceptors and opsin expression in two colour-divergent lineages of the lizardCtenophorus decresii
Authors: Yewers Madeleine S. , McLean Claire , Moussalli Adnan , Stuart-Fox Devi , Bennett Andrew T.D. , Knott Ben
Published: April 2015

Intraspecific differences in sensory perception are rarely reported but may occur when a species range extends across varying sensory environments, or there is coevolution between the sensory system and a varying signal. Examples in colour vision and colour signals are rare in terrestrial systems. The tawny dragon lizard Ctenophorus decresii is a promising candidate for such intraspecific variation, because the species comprises two geographically and genetically distinct lineages in which throat colour (a social signal used in intra- and inter-specific interactions) is locally adapted to the habitat and differs between lineages. Male lizards from the southern lineage have UV-blue throats, whereas males from the northern lineage are polymorphic with four discrete throat colours that all show minimal UV reflectance. Here we determine the cone photoreceptor spectral sensitivities and opsin expression of the two lineages, to test whether they differ, particularly in the UV wavelengths. Using microspectrophotometry on retinal cone photoreceptors, we identified a long wavelength sensitive visual pigment, a ‘short’ and ‘long’ medium wavelength sensitive pigment and a short wavelength sensitive pigment, all of which did not differ in λmax between lineages. Through transcriptome analysis of opsin genes we found that both lineages express four cone opsin genes, including that SWS1 opsin with peak sensitivity in the UV range, and that amino acid sequences did not differ between lineages with the exception of a single leucine/valine substitution in the RH2 opsin. Counts of yellow and transparent oil droplets associated with LWS+MWS and SWS+UVS cones respectively showed no difference in relative cone proportions between lineages. Therefore, contrary to predictions, we find no evidence of differences between lineages in single cone photoreceptor spectral sensitivity or opsin expression; however, we confirm the presence of four single cones classes and thus likely tetrachromacy in C. decresii, and provide the first evidence of UV sensitivity in agamid lizards.
The lateral line is necessary for blind cavefish rheotaxis in non-uniform flow
Authors: Kulpa Matthew , Bak-Coleman Joseph , Coombs Sheryl
Published: April 2015

When encountering a unidirectional flow, many fish exhibit an unconditioned orienting response known as rheotaxis. This multisensory behavior can reportedly involve visual, vestibular, tactile and lateral line cues. However, the precise circumstances under which different senses contribute are still unclear and there is considerable debate, in particular, about the contributions of the lateral line. In this study, we investigate the rheotactic behavior of blind cavefish under conditions of spatially non-uniform flow (a jet stream), which in theory, should promote reliance on lateral line cues. The behavior of individual lateral line enabled and disabled fish was videorecorded under IR light in a square arena that prevented streamwise biases and that contained a narrow jet stream in the center of the tank. Whereas the stream's peak velocity (8 cm/s) declined very little in the streamwise direction, it declined steeply in the cross-stream direction (∼3 - 4.5 cm/s/cm). Lateral line enabled fish showed higher levels of orientation to the stream and its source (a 1 cm-wide nozzle) when in the central (jet stream) region of the tank compared to surrounding regions, whereas lateral line disabled fish showed random orientations in all regions of the tank. The results of this study indicate that the spatial characteristics of flow play a role in determining the sensory basis of rheotaxis.
Reestruturação financeira e emissão de debêntures: o caso Ecovias dos Imigrantes
Authors: Martits Luiz Augusto , Fraletti Paulo Beltrão
Published: April 2015

A partir do processo de emissão de debêntures da Ecovias dos Imigrantes, ocorrido em 2013, o caso e permite o aprendizado das diversas etapas que compõem a emissão destes títulos.DOI: 10.12660/gvcasosv4n2c14http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/gvcasosv4n2c14
Conta pra ela!
Authors: Bello Caio Henrique Costa , De Rojas Isadora Matsuda Sanchez , Zanni Pedro
Published: April 2015

Gisele abriu uma loja de calçados femininos especializada em tamanhos grandes. O que ela não sabia era que a loja acabaria atraindo clientes como drags queens, crossdressers, transexuais e travestis. Como conciliar consumidores com perfis diferentes? 
Acesse a nota de ensino desse caso aqui
Cortaram o orçamento! Implementando novas estratégias na visão de dirigentes do campus de um Instituto Federal (Notas de ensino)
Authors: Da Luz Cláudio Luiz Melo
Published: April 2015

DOI: 10.12660/gvcasosv4n2n15 http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/gvcasosv4n2n15
Contra pra Ela! (Notas de ensino)
Authors: Bello Caio Henrique Costa , De Rojas Isadora Matsuda Sanchez , Zanni Pedro
Published: April 2015

DOI: 10.12660/gvcasosv4n2n9http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/gvcasosv4n2n9
A critical analysis of the impact of Inclusion Health policy on homeless people
Authors: Clossick Emma , Ohlsen Ruth
Published: April 2015

In public health, there have been recent efforts to reduce health inequalities through public health strategy. This article focuses on the Department of Health's 2010 policy for socially excluded groups, Inclusion Health: Improving Primary Care For Socially Excluded People, and looks at the policy's impact on the health of homeless people specifically.
Open letter opposes baseline assessment
Authors: Merrick Beatrice , Payler Jane , Ellyatt Wendy , Nutbrown Cathy , Coe John , Bousted Mary , Blower Christine , Leitch Neil , Jarvis Pam
Published: April 2015

MA Education Ltd, St Jude's Church, Dulwich Road, London, SE24 0PB. neil.henty@markallengroup.com
Transitions without tears
Authors: Burmeister Janina
Published: April 2015

Evidence suggests that the move from a less formal early years environment into a more traditional key stage 1 classroom can prove difficult for young children, but this does not have to be the case.
Spending your premium
Authors: Fielden Deborah
Published: April 2015

With the introduction of the Early Years Pupil Premium, settings are now able to claim extra funding for eligible children, but what is the best way to invest this money? Deborah Fielden explores the options.
Making baseline choices
Authors: Allingham Sue
Published: April 2015

Now that the six potential providers of the controversial assessments, on entry to reception, have been announced you will be on the verge of making your choice, but what does each have to offer?
Workplace wellbeing
Authors: Jefferies Tina
Published: April 2015

The one thing we can all be certain of is that there will always be pressures associated with working in education, especially in the early years, so how do we ensure our staff members cope and thrive?
Guidance needs to stay updated
Authors: Leitch Neil
Published: April 2015

Inspections are always a time of tension, but how do you prepare for an Ofsted visit, especially in a time of rapid policy change, when the inspectorates own guidance documents can no longer keep pace.
Dear Prime Minister, welcome
Authors: Tanuku Purnima
Published: April 2015

Picture this, the election has come and gone, we know who has control of the country, and you now have the chance to offer them your advice. What would you say? Purnima Tanuku writes an open letter.
It's just a load of old rot
Authors: Brown Paula
Published: April 2015

While growth and change are popular aspects of provision, there seems to be less interest in decay in the early years. Here, we explore why it is so important and how we can observe it in our settings.
The mystery of hypoglycaemia
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: April 2015

The prevalence of hypoglycaemia is often underestimated, writes Mark Greener
Press and play for every day ICT
Authors: Brodie Kathy , Collins Kevan
Published: April 2015

There are many opportunities in the environment around us to explore the value of ICT in children's lives. Rather than invest in expensive resources, think supermarket self-service checkouts, automatic doors and pedestrian crossings, says Kathy Brodie.
Great minds think alike
Authors: White Hilary
Published: April 2015

When children collaborate and share activities they are communicating, problem solving and discovering that others are different. With this in mind, practitioners need to think of themselves as ‘facilitators’.
Ankle replacement:
Authors: Lever C. J. , Robinson A. H. N.
Published: April 2015

Ankle replacements have improved significantly since the first reported attempt at resurfacing of the talar dome in 1962. We are now at a stage where ankle replacement offers a viable option in the treatment of end-stage ankle arthritis. As the procedure becomes more successful, it is important to reflect and review the current surgical outcomes. This allows us to guide our patients in the treatment of end-stage ankle arthritis. What is the better surgical treatment – arthrodesis or replacement?
Creating Value: Unifying Silos into Public Health Business Intelligence
Authors: Davidson Arthur J.
Published: April 2015

Introduction: Through September 2014, federal investments in health information
technology have been unprecedented, with more than 25 billion dollars in incentive funds
distributed to eligible hospitals and providers. Over 85 percent of eligible United
States hospitals and 60 percent of eligible providers have used certified electronic
health record (EHR) technology and received Meaningful Use incentive funds (HITECH
Act).Technology: Certified EHR technology could create new public health (PH) value
through novel and rapidly evolving data-use opportunities, never before experienced by
PH. The long-standing “silo” approach to funding has fragmented PH programs and
departments, but the components for integrated business intelligence (i.e., tools and
applications to help users make informed decisions) and maximally reuse data are
available now.Systems: Challenges faced by PH agencies on the road to integration are
plentiful, but an emphasis on PH systems and services research (PHSSR) may identify gaps
and solutions for the PH community to address.Conclusion: Technology and system
approaches to leverage this information explosion to support a transformed health care
system and population health are proposed. By optimizing this information opportunity,
PH can play a greater role in the learning health system.
Indigenous pottery at Sirigu: Dialogue on materials, methods and sociocultural significance
Authors: Asante Eric Appau , Opoku-Asare Nana Afia , Wemegah Roland
Published: April 2015

Sirigu is a major artistic community in the upper east region of Ghana; its decorative murals have attracted admiration globally. Besides wall paintings, Sirigu women also produce a variety of pottery for domestic, religious and commercial purposes. Although much valued, not much is known about their pottery. This research has studied the raw materials, production techniques, ornamentations and uses of the women’s pottery products at Sirigu. Further, the educational implications of the pottery industry of the Sirigu women have been discussed. Primary data were gathered through field research, including observations and interviews with relevant informants, which were recorded using note-taking, voice recordings and photography. These were complemented and framed through information from secondary sources. Raw materials used are obtained from the immediate environment, are organic in nature and are processed in indigenous ways. The study indicates that the art of pottery making has potential for improving the standard of living of the people, as well as for promoting quality Visual Arts education in Ghana.
Aportaciones hídricas en la cabecera fluvial del río Duero: relación con la variabilidad climática y cambios en la cubierta vegetal
Authors: Ceballos Antonio , Morán Tejeda Enrique , Llorente Pinto José Manuel
Published: April 2015

En este trabajo se analizan los cambios ocurridos en la evolución temporal de los caudales y del régimen hídrico en la cabecera fluvial del río Duero y su relación con la tendencia de las temperaturas, las precipitaciones y la superficie ocupada por el bosque. Los resultados muestran un decrecimiento significativo en las aportaciones hídricas anuales debido a la marcada reducción de las aportaciones entre los meses de febrero y septiembre, con un aumento sustancial del número de días al año con un caudal inferior a la tercera parte del caudal diário medio anual (“régimen de aguas bajas”). La buena correlación entre precipitaciones y aportaciones anuales (R = 0,72, valor-p < 0,001) y la ausencia de tendencia alguna en el análisis de los residuales prueban que el moderado avance de la superficie forestal durante las últimas décadas de momento no es suficiente para influir de manera determinante en la reducción de las aportaciones registrada. No obstante, la falta de correspondência entre las tendencias mensuales de precipitaciones y aportaciones y la destacable subida de las temperaturas sugieren un aumento del consumo de agua por parte del bosque que muy probablemente afecte de forma claramente perceptible a las aportaciones anuales de la cuenca a corto-medio plazo. Finalmente, la disminución de las precipitaciones y los cambios ocurridos en su reparto intraanual han afectado al régimen del río, que há pasado de tener un máximo invernal de carácter pluvial a un régimen bimodal con un pico principal en invierno y otro secundario en primavera. Esta circunstancia sin duda debe considerarse en la gestión de los embalses situados aguas abajo.
O sobreaquecimento das cidades. Causas e medidas para a mitigação da ilha de calor de Lisboa
Authors: Lopes António
Published: April 2015

As ilhas de calor urbano (ICU) são o exemplo mais evidente de modificações climáticas inadvertidamente provocadas pelo homem, tendo sido observadas em praticamente todas as cidades do mundo. Este padrão térmico sugere a existência de uma cidade quente rodeada pelo campo mais fresco. A ICU pode ser vista como um recurso energético (em climas frios evitando o consumo excessivo de energia no Inverno), mas também como uma limitação (nos climas quentes), porque pode levar ao consumo de energia suplementar na refrigeração dos ambientes urbanos. Do ponto de vista económico, os raros estudos sobre o assunto em cidades mediterrânicas mostram que a poupança de energia para aquecimento no Inverno é menor do que os custos do arrefecimento durante o Verão. Neste trabalho são descritos os vários tipos de ilhas de calor urbano, a sua relação com parâmetros de morfologia dos espaços edificados e tamanho das cidades. São apresentadas as modificações do balanço energético em meio urbano, bem como outros factores para explicar a existência, ritmo e intensidade deste padrão térmico nas cidades. Vários estudos desde há 20 anos elaborados por investigadores da área deGeo-ecologia do Centro de Estudos Geográficos da Universidade de Lisboa são apresentados. São ainda descritas algumas medidas gerais para a mitigação da ilha de calor de Lisboa, como contributo para o aumento da eficiência energética na cidade, visando o desenvolvimento urbano sustentado.
Mechanistic models of carcinogenesis: An application to lung-cancer risk in the Mayak nuclear workers
Authors: Zöllner Sascha , Sokolnikov Mikhail , Eidemüller Markus
Published: April 2015

Mechanistic multi-stage models are used to analyze lung-cancer mortality after Plutonium exposure in the Mayak-workers cohort. Besides the established two-stage model with clonal expansion, models with three mutation stages as well as a model with two distinct pathways to cancer are studied. The results suggest that three-stage models offer an improved description of the data. The best-fitting models point to a mechanism where radiation increases the rate of clonal expansion. This is interpreted in terms of changes in cell-cycle control mediated by bystander signaling or repopulation following cell killing. To elucidate the implications of the different models for radiation risk, several exposure scenarios are studied. Models with a radiation effect at an early stage show a delayed response and a pronounced drop-off with older ages at exposure. Moreover, the dose-response relationship is strongly nonlinear, revealing a marked increase above a critical dose.