bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Consumer Perception and Purchase Behavior of Computer in Salem District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Chitra A. , Gopinath R.
Published: August 2021

Computer is the integral part of every individual’s life in present era. That too in present scenario everybody needs their computer to carries over their daily operations. This increased need of computers need the customer’s opinion and factors influencing the decision on computer purchase. This paper elucidates the consumer’s behavior and perception during computer purchase in Salem district. The study has conducted with the objective of analyzing the perception of consumer during computer purchase and the factors influencing the computer purchase, and to suggest the factors to be considered while marketing the computers. The list of computer users is obtained from various sources and 300 samples were selected for this study based on stratified random sampling technique with equal weight age to each statra. The data was collected by send structured questionnaire to the customer’s email address which is collected from various selling outlets. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and chi squire analysis. Analysis explains certain demographic factors have influence on the perception on computers and family and other close circle, monthly income, occupation are also has role in determining the purchase. Even though we have tailor made computers, branded one is the choice of the customer that too the customers prefer buying in stores rather than online purchase.
Trade Liberalization and its Environmental Impact in India: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Aneja Ranjan , Singh Ummed
Published: August 2021

The debate on the impact of trade on environment is pertinent considering the increasing volume of trade among world nations and the changes in environmental quality. In India, this increase was higher because of the gradual lifting of the quantitative restrictions and reduction in tariffs after trade liberalization in 1991. The pollution haven effect occurs when trade liberalization, coupled with lax environmental regulations results in increasing economic activities in pollution intensive industries. Using industry level data for the period 1998-2008, for fifty eight manufacturing industries in India, this paper looks at output and export trends and attempts to examine, whether trade liberalization is associated with a shift in production and exportation towards pollution intensive goods industries (pollution haven effect). Manufacturing output has been significantly higher from the water pollution intensive sectors compared to the air and toxic pollution intensive sectors. This evidence provides some support for concerns that there is significant contribution in production of manufacturing industries from dirty industries. The results of the study suggest that while trade liberalization measures have been pursued to promote economic growth in India but they have led to some potentially adverse environmental consequences.
Service Quality and Customer Loyalty: A Study in Telecom Sector
Authors: Baba Mubashir Majid
Published: August 2021

The objective of this paper is to study the impact of service quality gaps with customer loyalty in the Indian telecom sector. Service quality gaps has been considered as independent variable whereas customer loyalty was considered as dependent variable. Five antecedents of service quality gaps have been considered in this study viz. reliabilty, assurance, tangibility, empathy and responsiveness based on SERVQUAL model as given by Parsuraman, Zeithaml and Berry(1988). A survey-based exploratory and causal research design was used. A 27 items instrument was generated comprising of 22 items for the five antecedents of independent variables on the basis of the work of Parsuraman, Zeithaml and Berry(1988), and 5 items for customer loyalty on the basis of the work of Kaur and Soch (2012). The data was collected from 163 customers using mobile service of two telecom operators of J&K (BSNL and Airtel) through structured questionnaires. Cronbach’s coefficient alpha was used to determine the reliability of the instrument. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the causal relationship between both the independent & dependent variable. Results depicted that the service quality gaps has significant and positive impact on customer loyalty. The study suggests that the service providers should put their endeavor to upgrade the technology and serve the customers with modern equipments.
Explore the Key Organizational Barriers and Provide Facilitates to Implement EHR Systems: A Systematic Approach
Authors: Anisuzzaman Mohammad , Fernando Senaka
Published: August 2021

The main objective is to determine the principal organisational barriers and appropriate facilitates activities for the adoption of the Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems. The Primary and secondary data are collected from the peer-reviewed journals from the period of January, 2000 to May, several databases such as ‘EBSCO’, ‘PubMed’, ‘BioMed’, ‘CINHAL’, ‘Cochrane library’ and ‘Web of Science’, were used to search for the systematic literature. We extracted papers from the above databases through PRISMA guideline and synthesised findings through thematic analysis. The data are collected by using the systematic process and we have extracted roughly (n=2,097) journals which were mainly focused of EHR implementation process and techniques. Finally, we have included 13 articles through rigorous screening process. The study includes thirteen articles that have been considered different organisational barriers perceived by the physicians such as organisational structure, technical, social, attitudinal, psychological, legal and financial. Along barriers, some prospective change management activities are considered to overcome some barrier related interventions. Finally, our findings has revealed some fundamental organisational barriers and some change management activities which helped to overcome the typical problems and provided the effective EHR implementation strategies for hospitals.
Economical Suppression of Agricultural Business and Governmental Policies
Authors: Mane Nikhil S. , Ankalkhope Suhas N. , Awati Sandesh S. , Nishandar Siddhanath
Published: August 2021

The agricultural sector has always been an important part of Indian economy. Even though in Indian society farmer and farming has a sacred place but the economic conditions and social status of farmer has been continuous declining in last few years. Many people speculate the reason behind this is the low production from farms but it is observed that the agricultural production is highest in the history and even though the position of the farmers in the economy and society is declining. This phenomenon is result of purely economic factors, the government policies are leading to suppression of agricultural business by reducing its ability to provide reliable income source. The import and export trade policies are the huge barriers in front of agricultural business and even though government has been compensating this by providing subsidies and interest free loans but its overall effect is resulting in as a major blow on the morale of farmers. In order to strengthen the agricultural business the government has to treat agricultural sector as a business and not as sacred duty to feed the population and government has to change its policies likewise.
Changing Rural Graphics and Feminist Readings in a Third World Locale: The Case of “Aathi”
Authors: Kumaramkandath Rajeev , Antherjanam Sindu
Published: August 2021

Development and environmental discourses are two sites that determine the Third world experience today. The paper maps the nuances associated with the emerging feminist narratives that are concerned with the degenerating ecologies and the feminine side of the same. While development feeds on the memories of underdevelopment it also creates nostalgias, protests, marginalizes subjectivities and a new time of degeneracy where environment is all over the discussions. The well-known Malayalam writer Sara Joseph’s novel “Aathi” is discussed here in order to understand how the feminist articulation of concerns around environmental degradation leads to new geographies to resistance.
Proposed Theoretical Measurement Model for Financial Inclusion with Perspective of Refuge Inhabitants
Authors: Sheik Abdullah S. , Krishna Kumar A.
Published: August 2021

Financial inclusion takes into account the participation of vulnerable groups such as weaker sections of the society and low income groups, based on the extent of their access to financial services such as savings and payment account, credit insurance, pensions etc. Also the objective of financial inclusion exercise is easy availability of financial services which allows maximum investment in business opportunities, education, save for retirement, insurance against risks by the rural individuals and firms. The penetration of financial services in the rural areas of India is still very low. The factors responsible for this condition can be looked at from both supply side and demand side and the major reason for low penetration of financial services is, probably, lack of supply. The reasons for low demand for financial services could be low income level, lack of financial literacy, other bank accounts in the family, etc. On the other hand, the supply side factors include no bank branch in the vicinity, lack of suitable products meeting the needs of the poor people, complex processes and language barriers. There is no studies conducted earlier especially financial inclusion initiatives with refugee inhabitants. Therefore this study was undertaken to propose the model of refugee inhabitants towards financial inclusion initiatives by the banks. The exhibited model consisting four essential factors, which are very useful for measuring financial inclusion practices.
Role of Education in Empowering Women: A Case Study
Authors: Barman Bhajan Chandra
Published: August 2021

According to Census Report 2011, nearly 50% of the population of our country are women. They have a great contribution in society. Therefore, we cannot deny the importance of them. In spite of great contribution in society, the women are less empowered in every field of society. The conception of empowerment is based on the notion of power; empowerment by definition means “enabling”, “giving, receiving or obtaining power” or “giving the official or legal authority or the freedom to do something”. In addition, empowerment is defined as the equalization of power and the more efficient use of resources Women’s education leads to empowerment. There are two reasons behind selecting the topic “Role of Education in Empowering Women” for the present study. Firstly, there has been no found any comparative study in the review of literature regarding the measurement of empowerment between educated and uneducated women. Secondly, no literature has been found on education and women empowerment in the study area. The present paper fulfills this research gap. Dinhata block-II of Cooch Behar district, West Bengal has been selected for the purpose of the study. The study is based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data have been collected from a field survey in Dinhata block-II of Cooch Behar district, West Bengal. Secondary data have also been collected from various journals, articles, working papers and education related website. For study purpose it has been selected 200 women from the study area. Among them 100 are educated and the rest 100 women are uneducated. A structured interview schedule was prepared and used for collecting data from the respondents in the study area. To analyse the results a simple statistical technique like percentage has been used. To compare the results, Chi-square test has been used. In the present study, it has been considered nine indicators to measure empowerment between educated and uneducated women. From the results and discussion it has been observed that educated women are more empowered as compare to uneducated one. Chi-square Test shows the significance difference between educated and uneducated women regarding empowerment. Thus, it can be conclude that education is very important factor in empowering women.
Constraints in Macroeconomic Policies in Raising Employment
Authors: Ahad Bhat Mudaser
Published: August 2021

Macroeconomic factors such as low inflation, export orientation and low labor taxes help to determine how much employment is created by growth. The relationship between growth and employment is strong and positive which gets enlightened when all macroeconomic policies work in harmony. Indian economy at the time of independence was mainly rural in nature and in a bad state. This was due to the anti-Indian policies of the British Government. The country was engulfed by the vicious circle of poverty and to break this vicious circle Government of India planned in a focused way. The emphasis shifted from agriculture to industry. Also emphasis was laid on increasing role of the state to generate employment and reduce poverty by appropriate macroeconomic policies. However, little was achieved till 1990’s. So the path to long-run economic growth was ensured by introducing New Economic Policy in 1991, which aimed at reducing fiscal deficits, lowering inflation, maintaining exchange rate stability etc. One thing that was obvious was that under New Economic Policy, the public sector will have a diminished role and will be largely limited to social sectors and non-profit making activities unattractive to the private sector. These policy changes affected macroeconomic policies of the government. Despite these policy changes brought under the New Economic Policy, one feature that still remains an important feature of macroeconomic policies in India is that macroeconomic policies still continue to act more as the control devices rather than as development tools. As a result macroeconomic policies fail to generate additional employment. Macroeconomic policies need to be converted into tools for macroeconomic stabilization (Shah, 2008). There are various constraints in macroeconomic policies which refrain them to act as development tools and thereby increase unemployment levels in underdeveloped economies of the world. The present paper attempts to highlight such constraints and suggest remedial measures.
Working Performance of Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs) in Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu: A Study
Authors: Selvaraju P.
Published: August 2021

Co-operation in its ordinary sense would mean working together. Whereas in its technical sense the term would denote a special mode of doing business, which gives rise to the formal organization and the methods and techniques associated with it. The formal co-operation is the framework for people working together according to certain conditions or principles which the participants agree to observe. Banking is a service industry. The main objective of the banking is to provide the financial support to its customers / members in co-operatives. The urban co-operative banks occupy a significant place in the urban credit movement. The urban co-operative credit movement started in India with the chief object of catering to the banking and credit requirements of the urban middle class, e.g., the small trader of businessman, the artisan or factory worker, the salaried people with a limited fixed income in urban or semi-urban areas. This study is an Empirical Research; study reveals the working performance of the Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs) in Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu, India. The core finding of the study will explore the knowledge path and give a financial outlook of UCBs for researchers and policy makers in all respect to take effective decisions.
Access to Common Property Resources and Livelihood Dependence among the Dalits of Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Murugesan P. , Babybowna R. , Pathak Manu P.
Published: August 2021

Common Property Resources (CPRs) accessible to collectively owned/held/managed by an identifiable community and on which no individual has exclusive property rights are called common property resources. This results that co-users of the resources are a well-defined group of persons. The proponents of this approach hold that “a resource becomes common property only when the group of people who have the right to its collective use is well defined, and the rules that govern their use of it are set out clearly and followed universally”. In general those people who are depending on Farming or doing Labour are more likely to dependent on Common Property Resources as CPR constitute major income source and generated livelihoods in the forms of fuel wood, medicinal plant, use of common grazing land for cattle and pets, getting access to fallow or barren land. Self-employed, business and Govt. employee class of people in general do not depend on CPR for their day to day livelihoods as their economy is largely not depends on it. Occupation of respondents is directly related with CPR use and access. CPR owned or held by an individual or a family or an organization like a company or corporation or co-operative institution is not being considered as CPRs. This study was carried out in 5 blocks namely Oddanchatram, Reddiyarchatrm, Dindigul, Sanarpatti and Vadamadurai. These blocks were identified based on the high level of CPR present over there. From each of the above mentioned identified block 5 village Panchayats have been selected. The required data was collected from 1000 rural Dalits households with the help of a pre-tested interview schedule prepared exclusively for this purpose. To understand the nature of the data, firstly, frequency tables were prepared, and subsequently the analysis and tabulation have been carried out using research techniques based on the requirement.
Levels of Workforce Structure in Ahirwal Region of Haryana: A Spatio-Temporal Analysis
Authors: Yadav Ankita
Published: August 2021

The present study discusses the levels of workforce structure in Ahirwal region, which is a socio-cultural region laying in southern Haryana. For the study of workforce structure of this region, a composite index has been constructed with the help of seven indicators. The data related to workforce indicators have been collected from Census of India, Office of the Registrar General of India, for the period 1991, 2001 and 2011. The analysis brings out that the level of workforce development in Ahirwal region was not different from that of rest of state in 1991. But this region surged ahead of the rest of state average in 2001. By 2011 Ahirwal region was far ahead of the rest of state in terms of workforce development. However, there has been a significant interdistrict difference in this regard in Ahirwal region. Gurugram district has been quite ahead of Rewari and Mahendragarh districts in terms of workforce development.
Effect of Asanas on Selected Physical and Physiological Variables among Young Adult Women
Authors: Johnbosco K.
Published: August 2021

Today the awareness of maintaining good health has been on the high and people attend to physical exercise sessions even without knowing the actual physiological and spiritual values of yogic practices. To achieve this purpose, twenty four female students who are studying in Bharathidasan University affiliated college, Tiruchirappalli were selected as subjects at random and their age ranged between from 20-25 years Physical and physiological variable will be selected by reviewing and studying related literature in detail following criterion variables are selected for this. Physical variable flexibility and strength endurance physiological variable resting pulse rate breath holding time the pre and posttest control group design will be used for this study. To find out the significant difference on adjusted posttest among the groups, analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA) would use. There was significant improvement on flexibility, strength endurance physiological variable resting pulse rate breath holding time due to the effect of asanas training among young adult women.
Nature and Extent of Backwardness among Primitive Scheduled Tribes in Access to Basic Amenities: A Micro Level Study from Kodagu District of Karnataka
Authors: Harsha B. D.
Published: August 2021

Tribal people have three main routes to map their skill and labor endowments intowages/entitlements available– rights on forest products, working in the coffee plantation andworking for the forest department. However, most of the tribal people live in utter poverty even though, there are so many programmes launched to benefit them under government policies and programs on the tribal welfare that have been in placesince independence. These policies and programs are designed to help to improve the social,political and economic status of the tribal people. Providing education to tribal children, publicdistribution system, decentralization of political administration, occupational training are someof the programs of the state that are designed to help the tribal people to improve theircapabilities. These programs and policies are supposed to act as entitlement stimulants and reduce their social exclusion. It is necessary to analyze the role of state’s welfare programs, political decentralization of local administration and also their accesses to education, resources and markets which have direct and indirect impact on empowering and creating better livelihood outcomes for the tribal people.
Mechanisms in Harold Pinter’s The Caretaker
Authors: Vairavan C.
Published: August 2021

Harold Pinter has explored human subjectivity and the process of its development especially in the domain of language in his play The Caretaker. He has used the dramatic language in the traditional sense. He chose to capture everyday speech and has rendered an authentic reality of life through his overturned use of language. As in real life, he has focused on the vocal elements such as silence, pause, and repetition and has used them in the statements. The paper focuses on these statements and discusses the concepts of psychosis or neurosis of the characters in their conversation with others wittily.
Generating Self-Employment Opportunities in North-East India: Challenges Faced by the Self-Help Groups
Authors: Chakravarty Pradeep Kumar
Published: August 2021

The Government has put in place policies and programmes to alleviate urban poverty. Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) are the facilitators to reduce poverty in their respective areas. Urban Self-Help Groups (SHGs) aim at sustainable employment for their members. But they face many challenges during their day-to-day activities. The present study aims at identifying the issues, challenges or problems faced by SHGs in the urban areas of the State of Tripura. It relates to urban areas of Tripura, a small hilly state in the North-East India, for which 14 ULBs out of 20 have been selected from all the eight districts. Based on a sample size of 353 SHGs, the study shows that women SHG members have to face internal or organizational challenges and external ones in running SHGs having a cascading effect to their income level, which is not sufficient enough to cross the poverty line sustainably. The paper has also recommended certain solutions to the problems.
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar’s Contribution in the Development of Bengali Language and Literature and Its Relevance in Present Context
Authors: Ghosh Roni
Published: August 2021

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was a great person and great human being. He is known not only for his contribution in the field of educational and social reformation, but also for his literary works and contribution in the development of modern Bengali language. He is the pioneer who understood the problem of the then readers in understanding the complicated Bengali language, whose origin was purely Sanskrit. Thus, he took initiatives for simplifying and modernizing this language. Before him there was no such simple, easy and systematic text books for the learners. So, the researcher aims to find out the literary works of Ishwar Chandra, his contributions in the development of modern Bengali language and its present day relevancy in education. To fulfill these aims and objectives the researcher has framed some research questions. This is a Historical and Bibliographical research. Necessary data are collected from the primary and secondary data sources. For the analysis and interpretation of collected data, researcher used documentary analysis method. According to the researcher this research has significance from many aspects. One of them is, it will reveal the contribution of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar as the first writer of Bengal in creating the simple and modern Bengali language. But the study is delimited by the researcher from the time period, i.e. only the time between 1820-1891 is considered as the period under study. After collecting necessary data, the researcher has found that, large number of books has been written by Ishwar Chandra and he has memorable contribution in the development of modern Bengali language. One of his popular creations is “Barna Porichay”. It is also found that he had done many activities like, writing of text books, grammar books, bio-graphical books and was actively involved in the writings of some magazines. Following the third research question, the research has found that Ishwar Chandra’s all activities are not somehow done by him, but those were much planned works. His report regarding the reformation of the educational system of Sanskrit college is considered as the first Educational Plan by the Indians. His works and activities regarding language development and literature support the principles of educational philosophy and psychology even after a long period of three centuries.
Work-Life Balance Factors Influencing the Limited Presence of Women Chefs in Hotel Industry of Bengaluru
Authors: Dinakaran Usha
Published: August 2021

For women, the difficulty of penetrating historically male-dominated occupations in every sector has always been difficult, and the fact that men are unwilling to accommodate them in those occupations that they dominate has made women to be relegated to the background. When women take up cooking in the professional arena, often they are met with countless challenges and limitations, one of them being the work-life balance. Besides balancing their family life, they face the issue of not being recognized of their calibre at work. Consequently, women chefs are still a rarity in the hotel industry, thereby mirroring the deeply ingraining social and cultural prejudice against women as being the ‘weaker sex’. For the purpose of understanding the contributing work-life balance factors towards the limited presence of women chefs within the hotel industry in Bengaluru, each of the individual factors were needed to be analyzed, specifically the extent of their relationship and influence. In the present study, a survey (N= 123) among women chefs working in the Hotel industry of Bengaluru is considered. The study finds that the women chefs are faced with problems in maintaining work-life balance due to several reasons including lack of organizational support leading to disturbed family life, diluted commitment and performance at work place, delayed marriage leading to frustration and family demands leading to expectations of support from peer group at work. Maintaining work-life balance was found to be of utmost importance for women chefs in order to enhance their performance at their workplace.
Trade Competitiveness of Indian Wheat during Post-Reform Period
Authors: Madan Sonu , Sharma Rajni
Published: August 2021

The present study analyses trade competitiveness of wheat export of India for the time period 1991 to 2016 using Nominal Protection Coefficient (NPC), temporal behaviour of NPC and Constant Market Share Analysis. The results revealed that Indian wheat has not been competitive in a regular manner under both exportable and importable hypothesis. Indian wheat has been found to be competitive under importable and exportable hypothesis during the period 1991-92 to 2000-01 & during 2011-12 to 2015-2016, but not competitive during 2001-02 to 2010-11. Constant Market Share Analysis suggests that export growth of wheat is attributed only to world trade effect or growth in the size of world trade and market distribution effect or concentration of Indian wheat exports in the market, which are relatively growing. So far as, export competitiveness of Indian wheat is concerned, the analysis reveals that there is competitive disadvantage in the wheat exports as compared to rest of world.
Incidents of Sexual Harassment at Educational Institutions in India: Preventive Measures and Grievance Handling
Authors: Srikanth Aligi
Published: August 2021

Building up of a value based work culture is expected to be inherent in every educational setting. The emphasis of this research paper is to set up a preventive measure and fair procedure to develop a better and reliable organisational culture in educational institutions, free from issues of sexual harassment and exploitation. In doing so this paper will look at the recent developments in the arena of sexual harassment, the mandatory legal requirements for implementing policy that act as deterrent to and safeguard victim of sexual harassment at schools, colleges and universities. The paper highlights the imperatives that are vital for rendering executable and implementable policies, procedures and remedies. The research methodology adopted for this paper is doctrinal and sources of information are both primary and secondary which includes opinion and experience of women in educational institutions, reports and articles from books, newspapers, websites, case laws, etc. Various statute books and Bare Acts like the Indian Penal Code, 1860, Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 and The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act 2013 has also been referred for the study. Research attempted to understand the perception of women in educational institutions towards sexual harassment issues and identify the consequences and aftermath of incidents of sexual harassment at workplace. This paper suggests measures for effective implementation of Sexual Harassment Redressal forums in Educational Institutions as prescribed by law of land.
Health Accessibility and Vulnerability among Marginalized Communities: A Study in Urban Slums in Kerala
Authors: Rajeev M. M.
Published: August 2021

The living environments and its direct impact on health and related areas are much significant in the socio- economic and environment studies. The vulnerability of the any marginalized sections of the societies needs to be studied and refereed for a change. As far as concerned, the slums are considerably disadvantaged to inadequate health, contaminated water sources, poor sanitation, unhygienic environment and poor quality of living. The census 2011 defines a slum as “residential areas where dwellings are unfit for human habitation” because they are dilapidated, cramped, poorly ventilated, unclean, or “any combination of these factors which are detrimental to the safety and health” (Census, Govt of India, 2011). Roughly 1.37 crore households, or 17.4% of urban Indian households lived in a slum in 2011, data released by the registrar general and census commissioner’s office showed. The new data is difficult to compare with previous years, because the 2011 Census covers all 4,041 statutory towns in India, as compared to 2001 when only statutory towns with population over 20,000 were covered. The 2001 data had set India’s slum population at 15% of the total population. The objectives of the study are (1) to understand the major health issues existing in the urban slum (2) to understand the involvement of government and other stakeholders in addressing the multiple issues in the slums (3) to find out the major preventive strategies for addressing the various health issues in the urban slums (4) to highlight possible suggestions to improve the health conditions of the people living in the slums. The methodology employed in the study is analytical, based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative data generated through purposive sampling techniques as well as through focus groups discussions and interactions with stakeholders. A descriptive design was adopted for the study. The universe of the study consists of the two slums in Kollam Corporation. The researcher used random sampling method for selecting the samples and the researcher elicited primary data through questionnaire and for secondary data books, magazines and internet facilities were used. The total sample size is 120 respondents from 2 slums in Kollam district. The collected data from the respondents were tabulated and interpreted and later analyzed. The findings highlighted the slum dwellers need to make aware of the need for improvement in living conditions, and they must readily involve themselves with every phase of the rehabilitation. Practical and innovative approaches need to be put into practice to integrate slums within the cities. Governments need to pay more attention to slums and make concerted attempts to address this problem proactively.
Community Based Health Insurance Schemes (CBHIs) in Health Care Financing: Review of Experiences of the Asian and African Economies
Authors: Roy Paramita , Sarkar Asok Kumar
Published: August 2021

The WHO World Health Assembly and the World Health Report (2010) have called for all health systems to move towards universal health coverage. This is a challenge for the resource-scarce low and middle income countries. Health related expenses remain the most important reason for households being pushed below poverty line (Xu et al; 2003, 2007). One alternative to covering poor people in the informal sector is to involve them into Community Based Health Insurance Schemes (CBHIs). Scholars and practitioners have expended substantial effort on investigating the effectiveness and sustainability of CBHIs, the challenges faced by them, the solutions for improvement and the potential role of the CBHI in a national financing strategy to achieve universal coverage in low income countries. The present paper first describes the development of CBHIs through an evolutionary perspective and then highlights the significant factors essential to integrate the CBHI into the national financing strategy (Bennett, 2004;Wang and Pielemeier, 2012). Using this framework, the second section undertakes a review of CBHIs in selected countries in Asia and Africa to identify key contributing and/or challenging factors faced by CBHIs in each stage. The study provides recommendations on how to adopt characteristics to transform fragmented CBHI initiatives towards achieving universal coverage.
Impact on Enhancing Livelihoods Opportunities in (MGNREGS) in Annagramam Block, Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Jayasaravanan G. , Murugesan P.
Published: August 2021

The MGNREGS 2005 offered some basic employment for marginalized groups; it did not provide substantial help to the most vulnerable. However, there was some evidence of small but significant shifts in labour relations. Higher wages, more opportunities for work, better implementation and a greater recognition of the care giving responsibilities of women will be required for this policy to fully meet its goals. , irregularities are usually reported when money is involved and the transaction is between officials who have the power to control over the Scheme, and the poor unemployed labourer who would be willing to accept whatever is due to them. However, if the Scheme is implemented efficiently and effectively, it ensures the following outcomes namely: (i), that the employment guarantee would not merely provide relief at the times of distress, it would also be a move towards long-term drought and flood-proofing of Indian agriculture; (ii), this would be a more effective instrument for reducing poverty because the impact of growth on poverty is higher in areas where social infrastructure is more developed; (iv) the number of people depending on the Scheme would steadily decline over time. As the conditions of their farms improves, people will no longer to look for work under MGNREGS; (v) the expenditure incurred on the employment guarantee would be non-inflationary because it will spur agricultural growth upon whose foundation a whole range of sustainable livelihoods could be built; and (Vi) by fuelling successive rounds of private investment, it will also set up a multiplier of secondary employment Opportunities. Hence, the present study is geared towards an in-depth impact of Enhancing Livelihoods Opportunities in MGNREGS.
Conspicuous Compassion and Taxation: A Reality
Authors: Bhat Mudaser Ahad , Qadri Binish
Published: August 2021

In modern public-finance literature, many canons or principles have been followed for tax policies, ‘ability principle’ (Pigou, 1933), ‘benefit principle’ (Lindahl as cited by Roberts, J, 1989). Under the benefit theory, tax levels are automatically determined and therefore self-loaded, because taxpayers pay proportionately for the government benefits they receive. In other words, the individuals who benefit the most from public services pay most of the taxes (Lindahl model,). The present paper highlights that conspicuous compassion and taxation go hand in hand especially in case of rich people but not in case of poor people and as result in modern societies tax levels are not self-loaded, a claim made by benefit principle. Along with proportionate benefit principle ‘conspicuous compassion in favour of rich people’ is also in operation in most countries of the world. This paper argues that under proportionate benefit principle with conspicuous compassion in favour of rich, the rich people are gainers as compared to the poor people. Under this principle with compassion in favour of rich, benefits of rich outweigh their costs because rich sections of the society are usually provided with large invisible services by the government such as large tax incentives and rebates. On the other hand, the costs of poor people usually outweigh their benefits because poor sections of the society are usually provided with low or no invisible services, although, they are provided with large visible benefits. But these visible benefits provided to the poor people by the government get distributed among vast section of the population.In this process, the societies end with a highly inequitable distribution of income and a paradox emerges which may rightly called as paradox of evasion-to-evasion. To improve income distribution and to control evasion-to-evasion paradox, the present study advices governments to implement progressive taxation with conspicuous compassion in favour of poor and downtrodden sections of the society. By doing this, those who will benefit more (i.e. poor) will have to pay less taxes as it ensures that large invisible services are to be provided to the poor as compared to the rich and hence the principle can be called as proportionate principle with compassion or simply conspicuous compassion taxation principle.
Health Status and Access to Health Care Services in Jammu and Kashmir State
Authors: Hamid Mir Ab. , Ahmad Bhat Showkat
Published: August 2021

Human capital, as characterized by good education and good health is an important determinant of economic growth. Health finds a predominant place in three of the eight goals, eight of the sixteen targets and eighteen of the forty-eight indicators of the “Millennium Development Goals of the United Nation”. Health is the most important social service sector having direct correlation with the welfare of the human being. This sector assumes focus for reaping the demographic dividend having healthy productive workforce and general welfare of a State. The State of Jammu and Kashmir has performed relatively well in providing health and medical facilities to the people, but the level is still beneath the satisfaction. The progress of health infrastructure in the State can be judged by the health infrastructure i.e., the availability of hospitals, dispensaries and doctors. There are 4433 Govt. Health institutions at primary, secondary and tertiary levels with 6674 doctors in-position. The doctor patient ratio in our State is 1:1880 as against the recommendations of World Health Organization (WHO) of 1:1000. The doctor patient ratio at the National level is 1:2000. Besides, 826 sub-centers, 371 New Type Primary Health Centers (NTPHCs) and 87 ISM dispensaries have been sanctioned recently. Further, 1443 Specialists, MBBS/AYUSH doctors and 5494 paramedics have been hired on contract basis under National Health Mission (NHM) respectively. The Bed Capacity of different hospital under GMC Srinagar /Jammu and its associate hospitals in the State is 12965 comprising of 6967 in Kashmir and 5998 in Jammu regions. Most of the health indices of the Jammu and Kashmir are far better as compared to all India level. This is especially a case with life expectancy, Crude Birth Rate, Crude Death Rate, Infant Mortality Rate and Institutional Births.
Degradation of Commons Property Resources and its Impact on Livelihoods of Dependent Rural Community: A Case Study of Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Pathak Manu P. , Murugesan P.
Published: August 2021

Throughout the world today, various common property resources systems are coming under increased pressure, particularly in the tropics and subtropics. Rapid rates of population growth, technological change, increases in the size of markets, and cultural changes, as well as uneven growth and persistent poverty, have often resulted in increased levels of utilization of various natural-resource-based systems. Forests are being cleared rapidly; groundwater is being pumped to the surface at an often alarmingly high rate; fish and wildlife populations are declining in the face of loss of habitat and high levels of harvesting; range and pasture lands are being overgrazed; and other example abound. Because the exploitation of these resource systems represents an important component in the livelihoods of people throughout Africa, Asia, and Latin America, their degradation cannot be ignored (David H. Feeny). The present study is conducted in Dindigul District in Tamilnadu consisted of 14 blocks. This study was carried out in 5 blocks namely Oddanchatram, Reddiyarchatrm, Dindigul, Sanarpatti and Vadamadurai. These blocks were identified based on the high level of CPR present over there. From each of the above mentioned identified block 5 village panchayats have been selected. The main objectives of the present study were to examine the dependency level of Common Property Resources(CPR) among the respondents and also to study the determinants of degradation of Common Property Resources (CPR) in the study area.
Trade Led Growth in China since 1978: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Chandrasekaran M. , Prasath S.
Published: August 2021

This study can be analyse the customers’ satisfaction towards the banking services rendered by the SBI in Tiruchirappalli District. The researcher conducted a literature search on banking services of SBI interviewing of its 50 customers and thoroughly scrutinized how it caters to the banking needs of the inhabitants of Tiruchirappalli district. The study also focused on various factors that determine the customers’ satisfaction like employees’ behaviour, banking services, banking performance, infra- structure facility, loan oriented services and other value added services. Analysis was made by using various tools like percentage Analysis, Chi- Square Test and charts. The result showed that there is a significant relationship between the variable of customer satisfaction and banking services of the SBI and the customers have a medium level of satisfaction. The SBI could consider the researcher’s suggestions in order to alleviate its reputation and customer satisfaction.
A Study on Student’s Opinion on Bicycle Sharing in Campuses with Respect to Bangalore City
Authors: Arvind Mallik D. M. , Jain Payal
Published: August 2021

Sustainability has become the need of an hour today. This is evident not only in businesses but also in cities. Even the universities are focusing on sustainability in the past few years like adopting energy saving initiative, using of renewable energy, environmental procurement, waste management etc. Bicycle Sharing is one among these initiatives. Bicycle sharing is a service where bicycle are made available to the individuals for a short period of time. Bicycles are not owned by any individuals but anyone in the community can have access to it. The main objective of the study is to know the opinion of students regarding the proposed Bicycle Sharing Program in their Campuses. It will be used by the students to travel within the campus and it also saves the time of the students.
Productivity of Indian Textile Industry in the Post Multi Fibre Agreement (MFA) Regime
Authors: Manoj Greeshma , Muraleedharan S.
Published: August 2021

The system of bilateral quotas which had governed the international trade in textiles and clothing under the Multi Fibre Agreement came to an end and has been replaced by the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) from January 1, 2005. The ATC provided for a progressive elimination of quota in four stages during the transitional period which ended on 2005. This study is an attempt to understand the impact of trade liberalization on the productivity of Indian textile industry. Estimation of labour productivity shows an improvement in the labour productivity during the post MFA period. Analysis of capital productivity reveals that average capital productivity was higher during the pre MFA period compared to post MFA period. Capital intensity estimate reveals that there has been an increase in the capital intensity for all product groups in the post MFA period compared to pre MFA.
Women’s Access to Higher Education in India
Authors: Shetty M. Sowjanya S.
Published: August 2021

Human capital is the most precious of all recourses which is core for the development of a nation. Higher education is regarded as the basis for the foundation for human development. It has constant positive impact on development as they help in reducing unemployment and poverty which are hurdle in the path of Economic development. Higher education enhances people’s capacity to work and their opportunities to work; promoting innovation ensures work satisfaction and also increases productivity there by contributing to national development. Women frame an indispensable human capital for enhancing economic power of a nation. It is rather unfortunate that women, powerful human resource constituting half of India’s total population and yet the country has one of the biggest gender gap in the world (101 in 136 Countries). This mirrors the status of women in India and gender discrimination in all aspects of life – education, economic activity and empowerment. The representation of women in higher education management validate the the fact that half of the human resource is not optimally utilized. Progress of a society is possible only when its citizens are educated, dynamic, resourceful, enterprising, responsible and so forth. Without such citizens, development of a country can hardly be achieved in any field. This paper attempts to study specifically the major factors affecting enrollment of women in higher education in India.
Decentralized Natural Resource Management: A Review of Devolution of Property Rights and People’s Participation
Authors: Patnaik Pratyusna
Published: August 2021

Recent decades have witnessed an increased attention towards emergence of decentralized strategies in natural resource management, as a solution to problems of over exploitation and degradation of natural resources. However, it is important to note that central to the processes of decentralisation in natural resource management is that of the concept of property rights. Successful decentralisation in natural resource management requires effective institutions be in place at local level with clearly defined property rights. In this context, the present paper analyses the process of changing property rights in decentralized natural resources management. It explores different forms of property rights and answers the question as to which type of property rights must be devolved to the user groups, if decentralized natural resource management is to be effective and sustainable.