bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical Education Teacher’s Professional Learning of Implementing a Health Promotion Intervention in the Practice of a Research Circle
Authors: Håman Linn , Haraldsson Katarina , Lindgren Eva-Carin
Published: February 2022

Scholars recommend that health promotion researchers engage practitioners in the analysis and reporting phase and expand their ability to share their research beyond academia. The purpose of this study was to draw benefit from physical education (PE) teachers’ discussions and reflections of the implementation of a health promotion intervention in school during research circle meetings. The health promotion intervention ‘Pulse for Health and Learning’ (PuLH) focused on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, incorporating a child-centred coaching approach. This study has an action research approach. The research circle consisted of PE teachers (N = 22, approximately 18 per meeting) from eight primary and middle schools (from grades 4 to 9) in eight municipalities in Sweden and three researchers. The theory of ‘practice architectures’ was employed to interpret, discuss, and clarify what enables and constrain PE teachers’ implementation of the health promotion intervention. During the analysis, three discourses were identified: technical-rational discourse, participating discourse, and steering and supporting discourse. The practice architectures both enabled and constrained the implementation of PuLH. The research circle meetings stimulated critically conscious acting and decision-making through collaboration between PE teachers and together with researchers which improved the implementation of PuLH and contributed to PE teachers’ professional development.
Indirect Effects of Parenting Style on the Relationship between Maternal Personality and Children’s Creativity
Authors: Lu Shuyang , Ieng Peggy Vong Keang , On Leung Shing
Published: February 2022

Mothers are important persons in the development of creativity in young children. The aim of this study was to examine whether and how mothers influence the creativity of their children. We investigated maternal personality and parenting style through parents’ reports, while children’s creativity of 88 Chinese kindergarten children (age M = 5.50, SD = 0.567) was rated by Torrance TCAM. There was an indirect effect of authoritarian parenting in the relation between maternal neuroticism and children’s creativity in terms of originality. Neurotic mothers may tend to be more authoritarian and in turn, reduce their children’s creativity. Further, parenting style related to not setting any guidelines at all (or NGA) may have indirect effects on the relation between maternal conscientiousness and openness toward children’s creativity. The opposite direction between Chinese parents’ preferential parenting and creativity encouragement parenting was found.
The Evolution of the Moon’s Orbit Over 100 Million Years and Prospects for the Research in the Moon
Authors: J. Smulsky Joseph
Published: February 2022

As a result of solving the problem of interaction of Solar-system bodies, data on the evolution of the Moon’s orbit were obtained. These data were used as the basis for the development of a mathematical model for the Moon representing its motion over an interval of 100 million years. A program of exploration of the Moon with the aim of creating a permanent base on it is outlined. Such a base is intended for exploring the Earth, the Sun, and outer space.
Development and Evaluation of an Extruded Balanced Food for Sheep Based on Cottonseed Meal (Gossypium hirsutum)
Authors: Ortiz-Romero Nallely , Delgado Efren , Antonio Pámanes-Carrasco Gerardo , Medrano-Roldán Hiram , Hernández-Vargas Vicente , Reyes-Jáquez Damián
Published: February 2022

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the content of cottonseed meal (Gossypium hirsutum) and the processing variables on the functional properties and the content of gossypol of an extruded feed for sheep (Ovis aries). The diet was balanced according to the requirements of fattening Dorper sheep breed under 1 year. The extrusion process was optimized using a surface response methodology, with four independent variables: temperature in the last heating zone (120–160°C), moisture content (14–18%), screw speed (120 rpm–180 rpm), and cottonseed meal content (9 g–27 g 100 g−1), in a single screw extruder. The optimal food had 27.25% crude protein, 4.24% crude fat, 12.21% crude fiber, 46.95% nitrogen-free extract, and 9.35% ash. The composition of essential amino acids in the optimal diet was 1.00 g kg−1 of lysine, 1.25 g kg−1 of phenylalanine, 2.04 g kg−1 of leucine, 0.87 g kg−1 of isoleucine, 0.98 g kg−1 of threonine, 1.15 g kg−1 of valine, and 0.65 g kg−1 of histidine. The fatty acids present in the highest concentration in the optimal diet were 2.14% linoleic acid, 1.11% oleic acid, and 0.81% palmitic acid. The gossypol content of the optimal diet was less than 0.1%, which ensures the safety of cottonseed meal as a protein source. The optimum conditions of the extrusion process were 120°C temperature, 120 rpm screw speed, 14.00% humidity, and 27 g 100 g−1 cottonseed meal.
Bioremediation of Hazardous Wastes
Authors: Tyoker Kukwa Donald , Omolara Afolabi Felicia , Kweinor Tetteh Emmanuel , Michael Smarte Anekwe Ifeanyi , Chetty Maggie
Published: February 2022

The remediation of the contaminated environment using the physical, thermal, or chemical methods has been criticized due to their high-cost implication, non-eco-friendly and inability to meet remediation objectives. Bioremediation offers the application of environmentally benign and cost-effective biological techniques for the remediation of contaminated sites. This chapter provides an overview of bioremediation technologies for the remediation of hazardous substances in the environment while highlighting the application of bioturbation as a promising bioremediation tool for the effective treatment of organic and inorganic contaminants. Given the success of bioremediation, most of these technologies are yet to be applied on a large scale which presents a drawback to this technique. Challenges and prospects for the effective application of bioremediation technologies were discussed.
Design and Development of Self-Made Cost-Effective Microsoft Excel Visual Basic Application for Livestock Ration Formulation
Authors: Patil Vishal , Singh Kuntal Ravinder , Rajendran Duraisamy , Gupta Radha
Published: February 2022

One of the most important aspects of the livestock sector is ration cost optimization, which results in profit and ideal animal health. Manually preparing rations is time consuming and unsafe. Whereas computers can quickly formulate a ration that meets all of the nutritional requirements, after giving standard data on feeds. However, the existence of the ideal computer programme is questionable; if it exists, it is more expensive, less user-friendly, exclude local feeds, be limited to a particular region/country, feed composition may differ. As a result, in this chapter, the user will learn how to create and develop a self-made least-cost ration formulation using the locally available feeds, so that user may easily build their computer Programme using Visual Basic application of Microsoft Excel. There are three phases to ration formulation for any animal (ruminant or non-ruminant). The first phase requires the user to know the available feeds and their nutrient composition. The second part involves determining which nutrients are important for animals and creating nutrient equations. The third phase involves the creation of a linear programming model. Finally, the interface is being designed. Each phase is thoroughly explained in excel, with suitable data and reference coding.
The Role of Sand in Mortar’s Properties
Authors: Stefanidou Maria , Koltsou Parthena
Published: February 2022

Mortars are diachronic composite materials used in masonry construction to serve multiple roles. Their durability and esthetic harmonization in constructions of the different eras were the reasons why numerous research works have been realized over recent decades. Each time, the role of the mortars’ components revealed significant pieces of information on the technology used. Despite the indisputable role of the binders on the mortar’s quality, aggregates of different characteristics had a significant role in the behavior of mortars. The addition of aggregates to a binding system in mortars technology has proved to confer technical advantages as they contribute to volume stability, durability, and structural performance. Apart from the different types of aggregates, as their mineralogy and origin are concerned, the volume content in the mixture, the maximum size, and their gradation influences the structure of a binder—aggregate mixture and the performance of mortars overall. In the present article, the diachronic presence of mortars is presented. The role of aggregates is emphasized to understand their impact on the longevity and durability of the mortars.
Cerebral Arterial Circulation: 3D Augmented Reality Models and 3D Printed Puzzle Models
Authors: Venkatesh Ramesh Prasanna , Ray Prajnya , Vaishali Ramesh Shruthy , Kunnath Devadas Aji , Joshua Tensingh , Balamurugan Anugraha , Kumari Ramesh Meena , Rajasekaran Ramesh
Published: February 2022

The field of augmented reality (AR) and three-dimensional (3D) printing are rapidly growing with many new potential applications in medical education and pedagogy. In this chapter, we have used 3D AR and 3D printed models of the cerebral arterial circulatory system, created by us to simplify concept learning. Various cerebral circulation diseases pertaining to ophthalmology can be explained in detail for immersive learning, with the help of various 3D models, for structures such as the circle of Willis, cavernous sinus, various cranial nerves, cerebrum, cerebellum and the eye. These models not only help in cognitive understanding of cerebral circulation diseases but also aid in diagnosing them with better conviction. Ophthalmologists, sometimes being the first responder, have a vigilant role to play with a heightened awareness of these cerebral arterial circulation diseases, which are not only vision-threatening but life-threatening too. This chapter summarizes the construction and holistic application of these 3D ophthalmology-related arterial cerebral circulation models in AR and 3D printing.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Bladder
Authors: Cetin Ferhat , Birge Özer
Published: February 2022

Urinary bladder tumors are the second most common malignancy of the urinary system. In 2012, the global age-standardized incidence rate (per 100,000 person/years) was reported as 9.0 for men and 2.2 for women. Usually, bladder cancers are seen in middle and old-aged people. In the United States, the average age for getting a diagnosis was 72 years. It was reported that 90% of newly diagnosed patients were above 60 years and rarely below 35 years. Bladder tumors relapse approximately 50–75% within 5 years after diagnosis, and progressions occur in 10–20% of them. While the five-year survival rate of organ-confined disease is 94%, the survival rates of locally invasive and metastatic tumors varied between 6 and 49%. Most of the bladder urothelial carcinomas diagnosed in patients under 40 years of age are low-grade and stage I, and the 5-year survival rate is around 97%.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vagina
Authors: Cetin Ferhat , Birge Özer
Published: February 2022

Vaginal cancer accounts for approximately 4000 cases and over 900 deaths annually. About 1 in 100,000 women will be diagnosed with in situ or invasive vaginal cancer (typically of squamous cell histology). The mean age at diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma, the most common histologic type of vaginal cancer, is approximately 60 years. However, the disease is seen occasionally in women in their 20s and 30s. Squamous carcinoma is more common as the age of the patient increases. Vaginal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the vagina. Vaginal cancer is staged in three ways, based on how far the tumor has progressed in the vagina, whether it has spread to the lymph nodes, and whether it has spread to other parts of the body. These three categories are called T (tumor), N (nodes), and M (whether it has metastasized or spread). Surgery is the most common treatment of vaginal cancer. The surgical procedures used are laser surgery (uses a laser beam as a knife to make bloodless cuts in tissue or to remove a surface lesion such as a tumor); Wide local excision (takes out cancer and some of the healthy tissue around it); Vaginectomy (Surgery to remove all or part of the vagina).
Physiological Adaptions to Acute Hypoxia
Authors: Hohenauer Erich
Published: February 2022

When tissues are insufficiently supplied with oxygen, the environment is said to be hypoxic. Acute (exposures to) hypoxia can occur occupationally, within the scope of training and competitions or under pathological conditions. The increasing interest in acute exposure to altitude for training and research purposes makes it more important than ever to understand the physiological processes that occur under hypoxic conditions. Therefore, the scope of this chapter is to describe the main types of hypoxia on the oxygen cascade, to summarize the physiological consequences of acute hypoxia on the three main areas and to highlight the clinical consequences of acute hypoxia exposures for healthcare practitioners.
Epidemiology of Chikungunya in Indonesia
Authors: Baskoro Tunggul Satoto Tri , Alvira Pascawati Nur
Published: February 2022

Chikungunya is a zoonotic disease which is caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and transmitted by infected Aedes spp mosquito. In Indonesia, CHIKV is a re-emerging disease, which means that it is a disease that has gone for a long time, but then it spreads again and causes outbreaks frequently. CHIKV presence in Indonesia was first reported in 1979 in Bengkulu City causing substantial acute and chronic morbidity. After disappearing for 16 years, the CHIKV outbreak spreaded again in 24 regions throughout Indonesia from 2001 to 2003. In 2009 and 2010, CHIKV outbreaks hit western and central regions of Indonesia and increased from 3,000 cases per year to 83,000 and 52,000 cases per year. The burden of this disease is unclear due to insufficient monitoring and diagnosis. The spread and transmission of CHIKV in Indonesia is very high, due to travel, competent vectors, and the vulnerability of the population. In addition, the evolution of viruses, globalization and climate change has accelerated the spread of this virus. Effective antiviral treatment and vaccines do not yet exist, so early detection and appropriate management can help reducing the burden of this disease. Monitoring and risk assessment to reduce human-vector contact are also needed to reduce the impact of chikungunya.
Coverage: Measure of Achieving Universal Health Coverage in Nigeria
Authors: Salisu Badamasi Habibu
Published: February 2022

This chapter aims to show that extending social health insurance is a possible road to universal health coverage in Nigeria. We suggest that allowing states to set up and operate their own insurance schemes, which presents a unique opportunity to swiftly scale up prepaid coverage for Nigerians. This paper review various healthcare insurance towards achieving universal health coverage in Nigeria. The paper concluded by suggesting other insurance scheme to be covered towards achieving universal coverage.
Variation in condylar morphology in different malocclusion among Indians
Authors:   Saveetha Dental College and Hospital Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai-600077, Tamil Nadu, India, Sreenivasagan Swapna
Published: February 2022

Temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) joint and the condyle of mandible are observed in the radiographs of the skull and the jaw. Therefore, it is of interest to assess the predictability of four different shapes of condyle in skeletal class I, II and III malocclusion. The four commonly visualized shapes are oval, bird beak, diamond and crooked were assessed using an ortho pantomogram (OPG). Each of the malocclusion was visualized for different shapes of the condyle. 987 OPGs were radiographically evaluated and the morphology of 1974 condylar heads was visualized. The shapes of the condyles were grouped under four different types. Data shows that oval shaped condyle was most common followed by bird beak. There was variability in the diamond and crooked shape and was lesser than the other types. Thus, the shapes of the condyle are useful predictable guide in deciding the nature of the occlusion.
Flame 3D temperature field reconstruction based on Damped LSQR-LMBC
Authors: Shan Liang , Zhao Teng-Fei , Huang Hui-Yun , Hong Bo , Kong Ming ,   Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China,   College of Metrology & Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
Published: February 2022

Light field camera can solve the problems of complex optical path and difficult synchronous trigger of radiation temperature measurement multi camera system, which has some unique advantages in three-dimensional temperature reconstruction of radiation imaging. The LSQR is a classical algorithm for solving the least square problem based on large sparse matrix. When the algorithm is used to reconstruct three-dimensional temperature field, it depends on the initial value of temperature, and the reconstruction accuracy is not ideal when the signal-to-noise ratio is low. In this paper, a damped LSQR-LMBC reconstruction algorithm is proposed. By adding a damped regularization term into the LSQR method, the anti noise performance of flame three-dimensional temperature field reconstruction is improved. By combining the LMBC algorithm, the absorption coefficient and three-dimensional temperature field are solved at the same time. In the numerical simulation part, with the gradual reduction of signal-to-noise ratio, the reconstruction effect of Damped LSQR turns more stable than LSQR. When the signal-to-noise ratio reaches 13.86 dB, the reconstruction accuracy is improved by about 30%. The average reconstruction error of damped LSQR-LMBC is 6.63%. The three-dimensional temperature field distribution of butane flame is consistent with the characteristic of radiation flame combustion. Compared with the temperature measurement data of thermocouple, the relative error is about 6.8%.
Prediction of unknown nuclear stability by Bayesian deep neural network
Authors: Lou Yue-Shen , Guo Wen-Jun ,   Department of Physics, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
Published: February 2022

Liquid drop model accuracy is optimized 80% by Bayesian deep neural network (BDNN) to calculate the known nuclei binding energies and also used to predicate extra unknown nucleus. In this paper, KL(Kullback-Leibler) divergence from BDNN is adopted and further optimized by the variational reasoning method. The latest atomic data (AME 2020) is taken as input to train the BDNN, the root means square(RMS) of 2457 types known nuclei (\begin{document}$Z\geqslant 8$\end{document} and \begin{document}$N\geqslant 8$\end{document}) calculation is improved 80% (from 2.9894 MeV to 0.5695 MeV). Additionally, we improved the input of BDNN in this work, so that the unknown nucleus (Z = 118–126) can be limited in a region(Regional restriction strategy), which improves the stability of prediction. Experimental data (nuclei Z = 100–117) also match well with our prediction and showed this calculation method is promising. The further binding energy for proton numbers from 118–126 is predicate using our method.
Two-color resonance enhanced two-photon ionization and mass analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of p-chlorobenzonitrile
Authors: Zhao Yan , Li Na , Dang Si-Yuan , Yang Guo-Quan , Li Chang-Yong ,   Department of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China,   State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China,   Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
Published: February 2022

The vibrational features of p-chlorobenzonitrile in its first electronically excited state S1 and cationic ground state D0 have been investigated by two-color resonance enhanced two-photon ionization and mass analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy. The excitation energy of S1 ← S0 and the ionization energy of 35Cl and 37Cl isotopomers of p-chlorobenzonitrile are determined to be 35818 ± 2, and 76846 ± 5 cm–1, respectively. These two isotopomers have similar vibrational features. Most of the active vibrations in the S1 and D0 states are related to the motions of the in-plane ring deformation. The stable structures and vibrational frequencies of p-chlorobenzonitrile are also calculated by the B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ method for the S0 and D0 states, and TD-B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ method for the S1 state. The changes in the molecular geometry are discussed in the S1 ← S0 photoexcitation process and the D0 ← S1 photoionization process. The comparisons between the transition energy of p-chlorophenol, p-chloroaniline, p-chloroanisole, and p-chlorobenzonitrile with those of phenol, anisole, aniline, and benzonitrile provide an insight into the substitution effect of Cl atom.
Gene age shapes the transcriptional landscape of sexual morphogenesis in mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes)
Authors: Merényi Zsolt , Virágh Máté , Gluck-Thaler Emile , Slot Jason C , Kiss Brigitta , Varga Torda , Geösel András , Hegedüs Botond , Bálint Balázs , Nagy László G
Published: February 2022

Multicellularity has been one of the most important innovations in the history of life. The role of gene regulatory changes in driving transitions to multicellularity is being increasingly recognized; however, factors influencing gene expression patterns are poorly known in many clades. Here, we compared the developmental transcriptomes of complex multicellular fruiting bodies of eight Agaricomycetes and Cryptococcus neoformans, a closely related human pathogen with a simple morphology. In-depth analysis in Pleurotus ostreatus revealed that allele-specific expression, natural antisense transcripts, and developmental gene expression, but not RNA editing or a ‘developmental hourglass,’ act in concert to shape its transcriptome during fruiting body development. We found that transcriptional patterns of genes strongly depend on their evolutionary ages. Young genes showed more developmental and allele-specific expression variation, possibly because of weaker evolutionary constraint, suggestive of nonadaptive expression variance in fruiting bodies. These results prompted us to define a set of conserved genes specifically regulated only during complex morphogenesis by excluding young genes and accounting for deeply conserved ones shared with species showing simple sexual development. Analysis of the resulting gene set revealed evolutionary and functional associations with complex multicellularity, which allowed us to speculate they are involved in complex multicellular morphogenesis of mushroom fruiting bodies.
Congenital Central Nervous System and Associated Systemic Anomalies in Foetal and Perinatal Autopsy- A Retrospective Study
Authors: Chandan Rajesh H , Kanchana UT , Choukimath SM , Reddy Purushottam , Sherikar Shwetha
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Congenital malformations in India accounts for 10-15% of perinatal deaths. Congenital Heart Defects (CHD) is most common congenital anomaly followed by Central Nervous System (CNS) anomalies, among which Neural Tube Defects (NTD) are most common. Folic acid deficiency can lead to NTDs and can be corrected by its supplementation in subsequent pregnancies, the authors analysed neurological anomalies in foetal and perinatal autopsies to ascertain distribution of various congenital neurological malformations and to classify those according to WHO classification system and their association with other systemic malformation. Aim: To study CNS anomalies in foetal autopsies. Materials and Methods: The present retrospective study conducted in Department of Pathology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, Karnataka, India from July 2015 to June 2020 analysed 500 foetal autopsies retrospectively. Data regarding maternal age, parity, history of previous abortion, foetal birth weight, gestational age, gender and CNS and other systemic anomalies detected at autopsy were included from departmental autopsy database. Data was presented as frequencies and percentages using Microsoft Excel 2017. Results: In the study, 500 foetal autopsies were analysed, out of which 70 (14%) foetuses had CNS anomalies were included in study. Among 70 foetuses with CNS anomalies, anencephaly was most common 25 (35%) followed by meningomyelocele 19 (27%), Arnold chiari type 2 malformation 8 (11.4%), congenital hydrocephalus and encephalocele 5 (7%). Multiple neurological anomalies were observed in various combinations. Neurological with musculoskeletal anomalies were also observed in the present study. Conclusion: Foetal autopsy plays an important role in arriving at final diagnosis and detecting cause of death. Findings of autopsy are of practical significance to clinicians in the form of estimating risk of recurrence and genetic counselling.
Pelvic Lipomatosis in a Young Male: A Case Report
Authors: Choudhury Sunirmal , Gaur Shantanu , Pal Dilip Kumar
Published: February 2022

Pelvic Lipomatosis (PL) is a rare benign disease of unknown aetiology characterised by intrapelvic overgrowth of mature fatty tissue. Although non malignant, the adipose tissue is infiltrative and causes compression of the pelvic structures-the genito urinary tract, lower gastrointestinal tract or the vascular system leading to a broad range of symptoms. With limited cases of PL reported in the literature there are no clear-cut guidelines for its management and both conservative and surgical modalities have been described with varying results. This report describes a case of PL in a young 34-year-old male which was associated with bilateral hydroureteronephrosis and was well managed conservatively. PL is also known to be associated with complications like hypertension, severe upper tract obstruction, renal failure and rarely pulmonary thromboembolism, portal vein thrombosis and adenocarcinoma bladder, thus commanding early diagnosis of the disease and long-term follow-up in all the patients.
A Rare Case of Bilateral Paratesticular Malignant Mesothelioma of Tunica Vaginalis with Bilateral Hydrocele
Authors: Verma Prakhar , Ahamad Mohammad Nafees , Sultana Guljabin
Published: February 2022

Paratesticular region is an indeterminate anatomical region including the spermatic cord with its contents- tunica vaginalis of the testes, epididymis and its appendices and testis. Paratesticular tumours may mimic testicular tumours and is clinically indistinguishable. Paratesticular malignant mesothelioma is an extremely rare tumour, representing only 0.3-5% of all mesotheliomas. There is not a specific clinical presentation however, it may present as a mass which is painless or as a hydrocele, having a wide age distribution. Lack of specific tumour markers presents a challenge in its diagnosis and management. Extreme diagnostic difficulty arises preoperatively in distinguishing malignant and benign tumour. Most of the cases are diagnosed intraoperatively or postoperatively when found on biopsy. Pleural and peritoneal mesotheliomas are known to occur in individuals exposed to asbestos. The case reported here is of a 32-year-old male who reported in the Out Patient Department (OPD) with the complaint of painless bilateral enlarged scrotum without history of exposure to asbestos. Bilateral orchidectomy followed by biopsy reported paratesticular malignant mesothelioma. Bilateral malignant mesothelioma of tunica vaginalis with bilateral hydrocele occurrence is rare, and it has an aggressive clinical progression, so clinical presentation and histopathology features are being presented to emphasise on the fact that it is critical for the urologists to be aware of such potentially rare entity. A mandatory high index of clinical suspicion is required, as lack of knowledge would result in an unnecessary radical orchidectomy as happened in present case.
Angiographic Localisation of Culprit Vessel in Non ST Elevated Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Mishra Chandrakanta , Mishra Archana , Das Biswajit , Acharya Ritesh , Routray Satyanarayan
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Among Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), Non-ST Elevated Acute Coronary Syndrome (NSTE-ACS) continues to increase. Unlike ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), association of ischemic changes in Electrocardiogram (ECG) with culprit lesion localisation in NSTE-ACS has not been well reported. Aim: To investigate the association between ECG abnormalities and angiographic localisation of culprit vessel in patients of NSTE-ACS. Materials and Methods: This observational, prospective study was conducted in SCB Medical college and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India, from December 2019 to November 2020. A total of 200 eligible patients of newly diagnosed NSTE- ACS were included. Demographic and risk factor assessment, clinical examination and routine blood investigations were done. All patients had an admission Electrocardiogram (ECG), Echocardiography (Echo) and Coronary Angiography (CAG) done within 72 hours of admission. Admission ECG was associated with CAG to assess predictive value in localisation of culprit vessel. Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV), Likelihood Ratio (LR), pre and post-test odds of individual ECG findings were assessed. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 was used for statistical analysis. results: Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, LR+, pretest odds and post-test odds of anterior wall, inferior wall, lateral wall and augmented Vector Right (aVR) group ECG changes in predicting Left Anterior Descending (LAD), Right Coronary Artery (RCA), Left Circumflex (LCx) and Left main or Triple Vessel Disease (LM/TVD) as culprit artery were 75.9%, 90.5%, 91.7%, 73.1%, 7.96, 1.38 and 10.98; 69.1%, 91.5%, 87.8%, 76.9%, 8.14, 0.89 and 7.21; 64%, 93%, 87.3%, 77.4%, 9.10, 0.75 and 6.86 and 69.2%, 96.3%, 90%, 86.7%, 18.66, 0.48 and 8.98, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of anterior and lateral, inferior and lateral and anterior and inferior wall ECG changes in predicting LAD and LCx, RCA and LCx and LAD and RCA as culprit vessels were 75.0%, 82.6%, 27.27% and 97.43%; 47.0%, 88.5%, 27.5% and 94.73% and 53.3%, 83.2%, 20.51% and 95.65%, respectively. ECG was normal in 31% of which Myocardial Infarction with Non Obstructive Coronary Artery (MINOCA) (34%) and Single Vessel Disease (SVD) (30.6%) were prevalent. MINOCA were mostly seen in normal ECG pattern. conclusion: ECG is a moderately sensitive but highly specific parameter in predicting LAD, LCx, RCA and LM/TVD as culprit vessels in Non ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction- Acute Coronary Syndromes (NSTE-ACS). Double territory ECG changes have a poor association in predicting culprit vessel. However, a good association was noted for (anterior and lateral) wall ECG changes in predicting LAD and LCx as culprit arteries.
Incidence of Non Amplification of N Gene of SARS-CoV-2 using Commercially Available Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Kit and its Comparison with Two Other Different Kits
Authors: Jain Rajeev Kumar , Perumal Nagaraj , Chaurasia Deepti , Ahirwar Kamlesh Kumar , Sharma Archa , Shrivastava Rakesh , Lalwani Jaya
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in an unprecedented global pandemic. Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) tests are being used in the diagnosis of COVID-19 worldwide however mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome have generated many SARS-CoV-2 genome variants and which may affect the correct Reverse transcriptase-Real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) diagnosis. Aim: To confirm and study the incidence of the non amplification of the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid gene (N gene) target among known SARS-CoV-2 positive samples. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was carried out at the State Virology Laboratory, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India during January 2021 to May 2021. During the study period, a total of 159 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples were failed to amplify the N gene target. To investigate the non amplification of N gene target of SARSCoV-2, a total of 20 samples were selected and retested using the initially used RT-PCR kit (VIRALDTECT RT-PCR kit) and also with the two different RT-PCR kits (TaqPath RT-PCR kit and Hi-PCR RT-PCR kit) which also contain primers/probes for the SARS-CoV-2 N gene target. Results: Amplification and detection of the SARS-CoV-2 N target gene was not observed in VIRALDTECT RT-PCR test results. In contrast, amplification was detected in the N gene target of SARS-CoV-2 while using the TaqPath and Hi-PCR kits. Obtained results confirm the failure of the annealing of VIRALDTECT kit N gene primer/probe and suggest the possible mutation event in the SARS-CoV-2 N gene among the N gene non amplified samples. Conclusion: Present study reports, the incidence of non amplification of SARS-CoV-2 N gene, where the RT-PCR kit failed to detect N gene target and seriously affect RT-PCR diagnosis. Hence, the study emphasises the revalidation of commercially available SARS-CoV-2, RT-PCR kits to identify these kinds of failure incidence.
Tax Revenue and Socio-economic Performance in Nigeria
Authors: Raphael Apinoko , Kalu I. E. , Alwell Nteegah,
Published: February 2022

The study examined the effect of tax revenue on socio-economic performance in Nigeria between 1981 and 2020, the primary purpose of this study was to examine the effect of tax revenues on the socio-economic performance of Nigeria. The expo-factor research design was adopted for this study and the analysis was carried out using descriptive and broad econometric techniques. The analysis started with exploring the trends in each variable using line graphs after which descriptive statistics were used. Both the Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) and Dynamic Error-Correction Model (ECM) econometric models were estimated. Other relevant pre-estimation diagnostic tests (normality, serial correction, heteroscedasticity and unit roots) were satisfactory. Succinctly, the study found that tax revenue from Customs and Excise Duties (CED) showed a positive and significant influence on basic school enrolment and life sustenance. Also, current period company income tax revealed a negative influence on basic school enrolment but positive on life sustenance. Whereas, petroleum profit tax exhibited a positive influence on life sustenance and basic school enrolment. The study also confirms the existence of long-run relationship among the variables. Therefore, we conclude that the selected tax revenue components examined have the potential to spur a considerable improvement in socio-economic indicators of Nigeria. Consequently, the study put forward that the government should improve on channeling tax revenue receipts towards improvement in livelihood and the overall socio-economic condition of the Nigeria economy.
An Empirical Test for Semi-strong form Efficient Market Hypothesis of the Nigeria Stock Market
Authors: Gbanador Monday A.
Published: February 2022

A capital market is said to be efficient if new information are quickly reflected in stock prices.  This study empirically examines how the prices of stocks listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange quickly respond to monetary policy announcement. The daily All Shares Index and 41 monetary policy announcement from 2014 -2020 were used as proxy for stock prices and new information respectively. The Researcher adopted the event study methodology and a 21 day event window was constructed. That is 10 days before monetary policy announcement (-10) and 10 days after the announcement (+10) in addition to the event day. The average abnormal returns (AAR) and the cumulative average abnormal returns (CAARs) were computed and analyzed using the t-statistic to ascertain whether it is possible to earn abnormal return due to monetary policy announcement. The findings revealed that it was not possible to earn abnormal return due to monetary policy announcement. The implication of this result is that stock prices quickly adjust to new information (monetary policy rate announcement) therefore making it difficult for market participants to outperform the market.Thus, the Researcher concluded that the Nigeria stock market is semi-strong form efficient.
Effects of Replacing Soybean Meal with Fermented Bambara Groundnut Meal (Vigna subterranea) Meal in the Diet of Clarias gariepinus Fingerlings
Authors: Udo I. U. , Ozor O. C.
Published: February 2022

Background: Efforts to reduce fish feed cost have been geared towards fishmeal replacement with cheap ingredients. However, the price of soybean which is a supplementary protein source in fish diet is also soaring due to impact of covid-19 pandemic couple with competition by man and livestock; this therefore calls for a search for its alternatives. Bambara groundnut (BG), although highly nutritious and climate resistant crop, is described as a neglected and under-utilized crop in most countries of Africa.

Aims: To ascertain the effect of replacing soybean meal with Fermented Bambara Groundnut Meal (FBGM) on the growth performance and feed utilization of C. gariepinus.

Study Design: Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used with five treatments and three replicates. Diet FBGM00 with no FBGM was used as control. Various replacement levels were designation as FBGM25, FBGM50, FBGM75 and FBMG100 for 25, 50, 75 and 100% respectively.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike; Central Labouratory, University of Uyo, Nigeria, between May 2021 and August 2021.

Methodology: We fermented Vigna subterranea for 72 hours, air-dried, weighed and oven dried at 60˚C for 24 hours, followed by cooling. Dried flour of FBGM and other ingredients were analyzed for proximate composition used in the formulation of experimental diets. These were milled at 2 mm pellets, sundried and stored at 10 per cent moisture content, in black polythene bags. Diets were fed to one hundred and fifty (150) fingerlings of catfish (C. gariepinus) with mean weight 50±2.35 for 84 days. Growth performance, feed utilization and survival rate parameters were calculated and statistically compared.

Results: Physico-chemical parameters fluctuated slightly but were within the optimum range. The highest daily weight gain (85.29±14.46 g) was recorded in FBGM75 while the lowest (68.29±8.49 and 69.86±8.73 g) were recorded in the control diet (FBGM00) and FBGM25 respectively. The specific growth rate, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and percentage survival rate also followed the same pattern. However, no significant differences (P>.05) were detected in all these parameters.

Conclusion: Fermented Bambara Groundnut Meal can totally replace soybean meal in the diet of C. gariepinus, without adversely affecting growth performance, feed utilization and survival rate. However, the optimum replacement level lies in FBGN75. More researches are needed on the adults or grow out stages to unveil its effects on the grow out stage and brooder and different processing methods employed and compared to the best processing method that will be mild enough to increase the nutrient content while removing the phytochemicals.
Sociodemographic and Clinical Status of Neurocritical Patients: A Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Ashrafuzzaman Mohammad , Mustaq Adnan Khondekar , Hossain Md. Emran
Published: February 2022

Background: Usually, neuro-critical patients demand more attention from physicians and need intensive care. Generally, those patients are admitted to the hospitals or to the emergency unit of the hospitals with severe neurological and neurosurgical conditions. So, in order to chieve prompt but proper steps for such patients, the assessment of patient’s demographic and clinical status is a very important issue for respective healthcare professionals.

Aim of the Study: The aim of the present study was to assess the sociodemographic and clinical status of neuro-critical patients.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study which was conducted in the ICU, Department of Anaesthesia, Analgesia, Palliative & Intensive Care Medicine, Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh from March 2018 to April 2020. In total 100 neuro-critical patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were taken as a sample population of the study. Written informed consent had been taken from all participants. Data were collected by a predesigned questioner. All data were processed, analyzed by using MS office and SPSS version 22.0.

Results: The mean (±SD) age of the participants was found 54.51±17.77 years. The male participants were 57% and females were 43%. So, male participants were dominating in number.  In total 67% of participants were from urban areas whereas 33% were from rural areas. Most of the patients were from middle-classed families which were 59%. In this study, in analyzing the causes of hospital admission of the participants we observed that 27%, 28%, 21%, and 15% were admitted to the hospitals with a head injury, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and tumor as the major causes respectively. Besides these, 9% of participants were admitted with other causes.

Conclusion: The proper assessment of the sociodemographic and clinical status of neuro-critical patients is a very important task for the physicians for determining the exact treatment steps for such critical patients.
Paediatric Nurses Approach in Carrying Out Patient and Family Centered Care at a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Ghana
Authors: Yombei Nicholas L. , Yakong Vida Nyagre , Boateng Keren-Happuch Twumasiwaa , Boateng Williams K.
Published: February 2022

Background: Patient and Family Centred Care (PFCC) is one of the fundamentals in paediatrics nursing which is struggling to gain recognition in nursing practice worldwide due to inadequate exploratory studies in the area. Others also call PFCC in paediatric world as Child and Family Centred Care (CFCC). Admittedly, its benefits to paediatric health care delivery cannot be measured but practicing is problematic. Nurses, policy makers and nursing research are yet to give the necessary attention PFCC deserves.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was therefore to explore the practice of PFCC in the Paediatric Ward of Tamale Teaching Hospital.

Methodology: This study made use of a purposive convenient design. Qualitative data was collected using validated interview guide which were administered to ten participants in the Paediatric Ward of Tamale Teaching Hospital in the Tamale Metropolis.

Key Findings: The results showed majority of the participants do not have enough knowledge on PFCC, PFCC is partially being practiced and inadequate infrastructural in the ward.

Recommendations: Policy on PFCC should be established by the government, models of Patient and Family Centred Care should be developed, refresher courses on PFCC should be given to nurses, the general public should be sensitized on PFCC and more nursing research should be carried on it.
Nuclear Structure of Ce Nuclei within Interacting Boson Model-2
Authors: Sabbar Ali N. , Abood Saad N.
Published: February 2022

Using the Interacting Boson Model-2 (IBM-2), we determined the most appropriate Hamiltonian for the current calculations of energy levels and electromagnetic transition probability values of 124-138Ce nuclei with a mass around A=140  in this study. We estimated energy levels and electromagnetic values and mixing ratios (E2/M1)  for a number of transitions in 124-138Ce isotopes using the best fitted values of parameters in the IBM-2 Hamiltonian. When the results were compared to the experimental data, they were found to be in good agreement.
Economic Evaluation of Passive Solar Distillation System
Authors: Kumar Raj , Samar Kapil Kumar , Jain Sudhir Kumar
Published: February 2022

A economic analysis of passive solar distillation unit is presented in the paper. Initial cost and maintenance costs, life of the system and estimates the cost of unit mass of distilled water were used to evaluate net present worth (NPW), benefit-cost ratio, payback period (PP) and internal rate of return (IRR) of solar distillation unit. Net Present Worth (NPW), Benefit-cost ratio, Payback Period (PP) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) was calculated and found to be Rs. 26945.72, 1.5632, 1.538 year and 50 per cent respectively. This study found solar energy is one of the most attractive resources of energy to generate distilled water.
Comparison of Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs in Autistic and Non-Autistic Children
Authors: Kumar A. C. Vinod , Krithika Chandrasekaran , Sridhar Chitathoor , Praveena N. M.
Published: February 2022

Background: Dental treatment need is identified as the greatest neglected health need of children with developmental disabilities. The most commonly known developmental disorder is autism, and there is a recent increase in the diagnosis of autism cases. The aim of this study is to bring to light that providing quality dental care and inculcating dental education programmes can significantly improve the oral conditions of institutionalized autistic children, thereby improving their lifestyle.

Materials and Methods: The study conducted an institutionally based case-control study on 50 children with autism, selected from two special schools in Chennai, India. The total number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth was assessed for the institutionalized autistic group undergoing dental education programme and the non-autistic group selected from our general hospital. Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S) and the DMF score were also calculated for both groups.

Results: There was a statistically significant difference in OHI scores between institution trained autistic children and non-autistic controls, but we found no significant difference in decayed, missing, and filled teeth.

Conclusion: Autistic children exhibit good cooperation and good response to Dental education programmes, significantly improving their oral health conditions.