bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recommendations for Control and Mitigation of Laurel Wilt and Ambrosia Beetle Vectors in Commercial Avocado Groves in Florida
Authors: Crane Jonathan Henry , Carrillo Daniel , Evans Edward A. , Gazis Romina , Schaffer Bruce A , Ballen Orozco Fredy H , Wasielewski Jeff
Published: May 2020

The lethal laurel wilt epidemic affecting avocado trees in Florida is caused by a fungal pathogen-ambrosia beetle complex (LW-AB). The death of over 120,000 commercial avocado trees in Florida may be attributed to LW-AB. Recommendations for control and mitigation of this epidemic are needed to guide commercial producers in their decision-making process. This new 8-page publication of the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department outlines the LW-AB epidemic, provides information on the pathogen and ambrosia beetle vectors, provides a brief outline of current research findings, and offers recommendations for the control and mitigation of LW-AB. Written by Jonathan H. Crane, Daniel Carrillo, Edward A. Evans, Romina Gazis, Bruce Schaffer, Fredy Ballen, and Jeff Wasielewski.

Correction as of 3/30/2020: Under "Prophylactic Fungicide Injections," this document previously said that when using Tilt, growers needed to have in their possession a Section 18 special local needs label (SLN). This has been corrected to read that they need a Section 18 Emergency Exemption label.
Yellow-Legged Hornet (suggested common name), Vespa velutina (Lepeletier 1836) (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
Authors: Ashman Krystal , Keller Oliver , Jack Cameron
Published: May 2020

The yellow-legged hornet, Vespa velutina (Lepeletier), is a pest of concern outside of its native range. Vespa velutina is native to Southeast Asia and has invaded several regions in Europe, first appearing in France in 2004. As a generalist predator, they are a pest of honey bees and a major concern to many beekeepers. Vespa velutina has not been intercepted in North America, but it is believed to have high invasion potential.
Soil Sampling Procedures
Authors: Kadyampakeni Davie , Morgan Kelly , Schumann Arnold , Ferrarezi Rhuanito , Burrow Jamie D
Published: May 2020

To achieve optimal grove nutrition, citrus growers must test grove soil before beginning any fertilization program. Standard procedures for sampling, preparing, and analyzing soil should be followed for meaningful interpretations of the test results and accurate recommendations. This new two-page fact sheet, published by the UF/IFAS Department of Soil and Water Sciences, provides illustrated soil sampling procedures and tables to aid in basic interpretation of lab results. Written by Davie Kadyampakeni, Kelly Morgan, Arnold Schumann, and Rhuanito S. Ferrarezi.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss667
Density and thermal expansion of the nickel-based superalloy INCONEL 625 in the solid and liquid states
Authors: HEUGENHAUSER S. , KASCHNITZ E.
Published: May 2020

Density and thermal expansion of the nickel-based superalloy INCONEL 625 were measured in the temperature range 150 °C to 1400 °C using pushrod and piston dilatometry. Commercial pushrod-dilatometers were used for the measurements. The specimens are cooled and heated slowly at controlled rates in a furnace; the expansion is transferred by a long thin rod to displacement sensors. In the high temperature range an alumina tubular body with two alumina pistons of just sufficient clearance was used to contain the specimen in the mushy region and in the liquid state
The investigated material was primary heat treated at 930 °C for 1 hour. As INCONEL 625 is an age-hardening alloy, the thermophysical properties including density at elevated temperature depend slightly on heat treatment conditions. Therefore, different measurement runs with a variation of the maximum temperature in the solid state (from room temperature to 1000 °C, 1100 °C and 1250 °C) were performed to cover different heat treatments (product grades) of INCONEL 625.
Due to the lack of density and thermal expansion data of INCONEL 625 in the solid and liquid states in the literature, the measured density is compared to published density data of INCONEL 718 and INCONEL 738. A detailed uncertainty analysis of the measured data in the solid and liquid state of the alloy is provided.
The Necklace View of the Self
Authors: Xu Yifeng
Published: May 2020

In this paper, I provide a framework for accounting for the self, based on a reconstruction of Galen Strawson’s “theory of SESMETs,” or the Pearl view, with Barry Dainton’s continuous consciousness thesis. I argue that the framework I provide adequately accounts for the self and is preferable to solely adopting either Strawson’s or Dainton’s theory. I call my reconstruction the “Necklace” view of the self.
If Nietzsche Only Knew
Authors: Lincourt Jared
Published: May 2020

This paper compares Buddhism with the philosophies of Friedrich Nietzsche and speculates how he would have reacted to Buddhism if he had understood it more accurately. I will focus the discussion on two central philosophies of Buddhism, which Nietzsche misinterpreted: Nirvana and suffering. It will be shown through an examination of selected writings and key philosophies of Nietzsche that if he had a better understanding of Nirvana and suffering then he would have been significantly more favorable towards Buddhism and would have found it to have close similarities to his own beliefs.
Nietzsche’s Society
Authors: Wells Kristen
Published: May 2020

This essay asserts that Nietzsche proposes an important role for society within his ethics, and that this societal aspect has been greatly overlooked by Nietzsche scholars. By identifying a soul-state analogy and resemblance to virtue ethics, this essay contends that Nietzsche intends for societies and individuals to be seen as complementary parts of the will to power. Like Aristotle, Nietzsche prescribes an ideal society essential to greatness. By recognizing the importance of the role of society in Nietzsche’s philosophy, Nietzsche scholarship is better positioned to consider new applications of his philosophical principles with his goals in mind.
Feminism, Speaking for Others, and the Role of the Philosopher
Authors: Martin Alcoff Linda
Published: May 2020

Article published in Stance by Linda Martin Alcoff
SKRINING FITOKIMIA EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT DAUN SIMPOR (Dillenia suffruticosa)
Authors: Umar Santoso Andre Yusuf Trisna Putra, Supriyadi &
Published: May 2020

Daun simpor (Dillenia suffruticosa) diketahui mengandung banyak senyawa yang memiliki aktivitasfarmakologi seperti antioksidan. Etil asetat merupakan pelarut yang bersifat semi polar sehingga dapatmenarik senyawa yang bersifat polar maupun nonpolar. Skrining fitokimia dilakukan untuk mengetahuigolongan senyawa yang terdapat dalam ekstrak etil asetat daun simpor segar dan kukus. Penelitian diawalidengan ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut metanol 80% selama 48jam. Ekstrakmetanol daun simpor simpor dipartisi cair-cair dengan etil asetat. Ekstrak yang didapat kemudian dilakukanskrining fitokimia. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etil asetat daun simpor segar dankukus mengandung senyawa golongan tanin, polifenol, dan triterpenoid. Senyawa golongan saponin dantriterpenoid tidak terdeteksi pada daun simpor segar dan kukus. Perlakuan pengukusan tidak berpengaruhterhadap kandungan senyawa daun simpor.Kata Kunci : daun simpor; Dillenia suffruticosa, skrining fitokimia
ES KRIM KEDELAI HITAM (Glycine soja l) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe vera)
Authors: Yustina Wuri Wulandari Roni Sanjaya, Nanik Suhartatik &
Published: May 2020

Es krim adalah salah satu produk olahan yang menggunakan susu sebagai bahan dasar dan berbentukbeku. Penelitian ini menggunakan kedelai hitam sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan es krim. Kedelai hitamkaya akan protein yang dapat menggantikan bahan baku pembuatan es krim berupa susu sapi. Penelitianini juga menggunakan lidah buaya sebagai bahan tambahan yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas es krim.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan es krim kedelai hitam dengan penambahan lidahbuaya terbaik ditinjau dari sifat sensorisnya. Selain itu juga untuk mengetahui karakteristik es krim kedelaihitam dengan penambahan lidah buaya meliputi: sifat fisik (overrun), sifat kimia (protein, lemak, dan totalpadatan), dan sifat fungsional (aktivitas antioksidan). Penelitian dilakukan dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap(RAL) faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi kedelai hitam (5, 15, 25 %)sedangkan faktor yang kedua variasi konsentrasi lidah buaya (1,5; 3; 4,5 %). Hasil penelitian menunjukanbahwa kombinasi perlakuan konsentrasi kedelai hitam dengan lidah buaya, dengan konsentrasi kedelaihitam 25% dan lidah buaya 4,5% merupakan perlakuan terbaik didasarkan pada kesukaan keseluruhanyang terdapat pada es krim. Pada perlakuan ini dihasilkan aktivitas antioksidan es krim kedelai hitamdengan penambahan lidah buaya sebesar DPPH 36,60%, kadar protein 9,42%, kadar lemak 4,62%,total padatan terlarut 29,33%, kecepatan meleleh 15,08 menit/10 gram, overrun 23,39% serta uji organoleptikterhadap warna 3,73 (kuning kehijaun), aroma langu 1,73 (tidak terlalu tinggi), tekstur 3,13 (lembut), dankesukaan keseluruhan 3,53 (paling disukai).Kata kunci: Es krim, kedelai hitam, lidah buaya.
PENGARUH VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK DAN UMUR SIMPAN ROTI MANIS
Authors: Alfi Aulia
Published: May 2020

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) adalah bahan alami yang memiliki sifat antimikroba (antivirus, antibakteri, dan antijamur). Sehingga VCO dapat memberikan efek pengawet pada bahan makanan, salah satunya adalah roti manis. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh VCO terhadap karakteristik (fisik dan kimia) dan umur simpan roti manis. Roti manis dianalisis secara fisik (tekstur dan porositas) dan kimia (kadar air, kadar abu, kadar lemak, kadar protein, dan kandungan karbohidrat), dan analisis umur simpan dengan FFA, uji organoleptik dan jamur setiap dua hari selama delapan hari penyimpanan di suhu ruang. Variasi perlakuan roti manis adalah dari rasio konsentrasi VCO: margarin: mentega, K (0%: 8%: 8%); A (4%: 6%: 6%); B (8%: 4%: 4%), C (12%: 2%: 2%); D (16%: 0%: 0%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa VCO tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap karakteristik fisik dan karakteristik kimia roti manis. Namun, VCO berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar air roti manis yang dihasilkan, roti manis K memiliki kadar air tertinggi (22,36%) dan berbeda dengan sampel roti manis lainnya. VCO secara efektif menghambat pertumbuhan jamur di roti manis pada konsentrasi 8%, 12%, dan 16%. Roti manis K dan A memiliki masa simpan 4 hari, sedangkan roti manis B, C, dan D memiliki masa simpan 6 hari.Kata kunci: VCO, roti manis, karakteristik, umur simpanABSTRACTVirgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is a natural ingredient that has antimicrobial (antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal) properties. So that VCO can provide a preservative effect on food ingredients, one of which is sweet bread. This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of VCO on characteristics (physical and chemical) and shelf life of sweet bread. Sweet bread was analyzed physically (texture and porosity) and chemistry (moisture content, ash content, fat content, protein content, and carbohydrate content), and shelf life analysis with FFA, organoleptic and mold tests every two days for eight days of storage at ambient temperature. Treatment variations of sweet breads is from the ratio of the concentration of VCO: margarine: butter, K (0%: 8%: 8%); A (4%: 6%: 6%); B (8%: 4%: 4%), C (12%: 2%: 2%); D (16%: 0%: 0%). The results showed that VCO did not have a significant effect on the physical characteristics and chemical characteristics of sweet bread. However, the VCO has a significant effect on the water content of the sweet bread produced, sweet bread K has the highest moisture content (22,36%) and it is different from other sweet bread samples. VCO effectively inhibits the growth of sweet bread mold at concentrations of 8%, 12%, and 16%. K and A sweet bread has a shelf life of 4 days, while sweet breads B, C, and D have a shelf life of 6 days.Keywords: VCO, sweet bread, characteristics, shelf life
Discussion on Applicability and Requirements for the Installation of Fastenings Using Robot Systems in the Construction Industry
Authors: Spengler Arnim Johannes , Spyridis Panagiotis , Bruckmann Tobias , Malkwitz Alexander , Schlüter Dirk
Published: May 2020

Since robotics is becoming increasingly widespread in the construction industry, more phases and working steps should be investigated for their applicability to automation. Ideally, only few robot systems would be needed and thus be multifunctional.Current robot systems are used almost exclusively in precast construction. At the construction site, only prototypes are in use, and only individual parts of the building shell construction and assembly can be handled.This paper examines to what extent robots can be applied for the installation of fastenings and which boundary conditions exist or need to be addressed. Automated construction, and more precise installation of fastenings, has been partially implemented, which has been shown to increase productivity as well as installation quality, and therefore the components’ structural safety. This knowledge must now be extended to robots. The present work is based on an overview of current research and development and includes a discussion on the current research at the University Duisburg-Essen on a cable robot for brickwork construction. It further demonstrates that fastenings pose an important additional application, especially to ensure the changeover to other building materials. These can be built-in parts, but also brickwork connections or prefabricated parts.It can be assumed that robots will become increasingly important in the construction industry for reasons that include high quality, safety, speed and economic aspects.This is an extended paper of the Creative Construction Conference in Budapest on “Examination of Advanced Fastening Systems for the use of Robots in the Construction Industry” (Spyridis et al., 2019).
关于市政工程管理中成本管理的探讨
Authors: 徐 志刚
Published: May 2020

近年来，我国加大了改革开放的力度，从而为各个领域的发展带来了良好的机遇，推动了城市化建设的全面开展。市政工程是整个建筑工程行业中的一个重要部分，市政工程都是由地方政府主导实施的，工程项目涉及到的层面较多，工程整体施工质量不但与城市的形象存在直接的关系，并且与民众的生活水平存在密切的联系，所以我们务必要给予重点关注，综合各方面实际情况和需求来制定切实的有效的施工方案保证工程施工质量。一个完整的市政工程需要使用到大量的不同类型的资源，并且需要大量的人力物力，这样就对成本管理工作造成了诸多的困难，不利于各项工作的有序开展。鉴于此，这篇文章主要针对市政工程成本管理工作实施全面深入的研究分析，希望能够对促进市政工程成本管理工作整体水平的提升有所帮助。
大跨径现浇箱梁施工工艺探讨
Authors: 张 萍
Published: May 2020

常熟市三环路快速化改造工程中，S2标有座主跨为55ｍ的悬浇桥梁，由于业主进度要求，在工期内无法完成该悬浇桥施工，根据现场施工情况变更成满堂支架现浇变截面连续箱梁，但由于大跨径现浇施工时存在砼开裂、大型模板安装、支架设置等问题，需对该工艺探讨，以期解决施工中存在的问题，提高施工进度、质量及安全。
规划环境影响评价方法及实例分析
Authors: 左 芳萍 , 肖 珊 , 王 慧
Published: May 2020

规划阶段环境影响评价介入时间早，但时间跨度长，影响范围广，应该予以重视。文章首先对规划阶段环境影响评价过程中存在的问题以及规划环评影响方法的特点进行了归纳总结，然后以马鞍山雨山经济开发区总体规划项目为研究对象，实例分析了其在规划环评中应该遵守的原则以及评价分析的因素。
浅谈木制家具厂粉尘作业场所的工程治理办法
Authors: 唐 朱丹 , 王 颖
Published: May 2020

噪声、化学毒物、粉尘均属于木质家具制造行业的主要职业病危害，木制家具厂粉尘作业场所的治理也向来受到业界重视。基于此，此文围绕木制家具厂粉尘作业场所职业病危害识别开展相关研究，并深入探讨木制家具厂粉尘作业场所的工程治理办法选择，希望研究内容能够给相关从业人员以启发。
铁路隧道工程防排水设计的探讨
Authors: 薛 小卫
Published: May 2020

我国铁路工程发展迅速，发达的铁路网为经济建设提供了强有力的物流与客运支撑，在铁路工程建设过程中不可避免的要进行各种隧道工程的施工，此文结合个人工作经验，对铁路隧道工程的防排水设计工作进行了探讨。首先分析了铁路隧道防排水的重要性，然后对铁路隧道工程防排水设计的理念进行了探讨，最后给出了铁路隧道工程防排水的有效施工措施，为今后更好的提升铁路隧道工程防排水系统的质量提供参考。
Effect of aquaculture-agriculture sewage on the relation between iron and other trace elements content in Venus clam
Authors: Vargas-González Héctor Hugo , Arreola Lizárraga Jose Alfredo , Mendez-Rodriguez Lia , Gaxiola Robles Ramon , Garcia Hernández Jaqueline , Alvarez Castañeda Sergio Ticul
Published: May 2020

In coastal systems, concentrations of trace metals in filter feeders such as shellfish may be affected by anthropogenic activities, including agriculture and aquaculture. Shellfish are a good source of iron, but can also be a potential source of toxic elements, such as cadmium and lead, when consumed by humans. The objective of this study was to determine the differences in iron, zinc, copper, manganese, nickel, lead, and cadmium levels in tissue of the clam Chione gnidia collected from a coastal lagoon influenced by agriculture (Lobos) or aquaculture (Tobari), using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The relationship of iron with all other trace elements in these organisms was explored using a generalized linear model (GLM).  Iron, copper, manganese, and cadmium concentrations were significantly higher in shellfish collected from the coastal lagoon influenced by agriculture, while nickel was significantly higher in shellfish from the lagoon influenced by aquaculture. In these shellfish, cadmium and lead levels were the factors limiting the weekly intake of clam flesh. The GLM model explained 59% of the iron concentration in the Venus clam, suggesting that this element is directly related to zinc and manganese levels, but inversely related to cadmium content in shellfish.
Gábor Rekettye (2019). Value Creation 4.0- Marketing Products in the 21st Century
Authors: Bideci Mujde
Published: May 2020

Gábor REKETTYE (2019). Value Creation 4.0- Marketing Products in the 21st Century. Transnational Press London, 251 pp, ISBN: 978-1- 912997-21-3. Reviewed by Mujde Bideci
Gábor Rekettye (2019). Value Creation 4.0- Marketing Products in the 21st Century
Authors: Da Silva Isabel
Published: May 2020

Gábor REKETTYE (2019). Value Creation 4.0- Marketing Products in the 21st Century. Transnational Press London, 251 pp, ISBN: 978-1- 912997-21-3. Reviewed by Isabel Da Silva.
Sediment biogeochemistry along an oyster aquaculture chronosequence
Authors: Ray NE , Al-Haj AN , Fulweiler RW
Published: May 2020

Oyster aquaculture is expanding globally, and there has been a recent research surge examining how oyster farms alter coastal ecosystems. Yet, until now, the role of time in these studies has largely been missing. Here we used anin situchronosequence approach to determine how the presence of oyster aquaculture (Crassostrea virginica) altered sediment nitrogen (N), oxygen (O2), and phosphorus (P) cycling. Overall we found that the sum of nitrogen fluxes increased significantly following addition of aquaculture, and switched from net N consumption (i.e. net nitrogen fixation: -14.41 µmol N m-2h-1) to production (i.e. net denitrification: 553.57 µmol N m-2h-1). Ammonium (NH4+) fluxes did not differ between bare sediment and oyster aquaculture. Additionally, both the magnitude of N2and NH4+fluxes oscillated on an annual scale of aquaculture age, but not predictably so. We observed significantly more variance (σ2) in dinitrogen and NH4+fluxes in sediments beneath aquaculture, indicating increased non-linearity. O2fluxes increased from Years 4 to 6, before returning to baseline conditions. There were no differences in sediment P cycling. This study demonstrates that sediment biogeochemical processes can become non-linear under the pressure of oyster aquaculture, and this non-linearity likely has important implications for ecosystem function.
Arşiv Belgeleri Işığında Türkiye’de Tarımsal Durum
Authors: ATLI Cengiz
Published: May 2020

Milli Mücadelenin başarıya ulaşmasından sonra yeni kurulan Cumhuriyetin hangi iktisadi kaynaklarla ülkenin ekonomik durumunun gelişeceği yeni iktisat politikalarının neler olacağı en önemli konulardan biriydi. Türkiyenin kuruluş yıllarında gerek insan bakımından gerekse yetiştirilen ürünler bakımından yeterli bir sayı bulunmamaktaydı. Mustafa Kemal Paşa kazanılan askeri ve siyasi zaferlerin ekonomik zaferlerle taçlandırılması gerektiğini ortaya koymuştu. Milli Mücadelenin başlangıcında Erzurum Kongresi ve Sivas Kongresinde de bu konuyu özellikle dile getirdi. Lozan Barış görüşmelerinin sürdüğü dönemde İzmir’de toplanan İzmir İktisat Kongresinde milli iktisadın temel ilkeleri belirlendi. İzmir İktisat Kongresinde alınan kararlar 1931 yılına kadar ülkenin ekonomik politikasını önemli ölçüde oluşturdu.
Bu dönem içerisinde hükümetler ekonomi alanında üç farklı iktisat politikası izledi. 1923-1929 yıllarında dışa açık, devlet eliyle özel sermayenin teşviki dönemi, 1930-1932 özel sermayeye dayanan himayecilik- ithal ikamei dönemi 1933 -1939 yıllarında ise devletçilik-himayecilik sentezi programları uygulandı Cumhuriyetin ilk yılları ülkenin açık ekonomi koşullarında hızlı bir toparlanma dönemiydi. Ortalama gelirlerle birlikte hem tarımsal gelirlerdeki hem de ücretlerdeki artışlar ekonomik anlamda gelişmenin önemli işaretler idi. Aşar vergisinin 1925 yılında kaldırılması da nüfusun büyük çoğunluğunu oluşturan tarımsal üreticileri olumlu etkiledi. Aşarın ve iltizamın kaldırılması ülke nüfusunun çoğunluğunu oluşturan tarımsal üreticiler üzerindeki vergi yükünün hafifletilmesi, devlet adına vergi toplayan mültezimlerin tasfiyesi ve Reji İdaresi’nin imtiyaz sözleşmesinin fesh edilmesi gibi olaylar kırsal alandaki güç ilişkilerinde yeni bir dönem başlattı. Bu dönemde kurumsal değişiklikler içinde kapitülasyonların kaldırılması, Osmanlı döneminde Avrupalılara tanınan ayrıcalıkların sona erdiğini gösteren en önemli konulardan birisiydi. 1923 Yılında Cumhuriyetin ilan edilmesinden sonra yaşanılan kıtlığın ve tarımsal alanlarda bulunan bataklıkların ülkeye önemli ölçüde zarar verdiği görülmüştü.
The Influence of Market Orientation on Product Innovation in The Palm Sugar Industry in The Watchunu Sub-District and North Poleang Bombana District
Authors: Sultan Sultan , Rianda La , Herdhiansyah Dhian
Published: May 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of market orientation on product innovation in the Palm Sugar industry in Tontonunu District and Poleang uatara Regency, Bombana Regency. The sample in this study were 38 respondents in the coconut sugar industry. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis as an analysis tool.The results of this study found that Market Orientation simultaneously had a significant effect on product innovation in the Palm Sugar industry in Tontonunu District and Poleang uatara District in Bombana Regency. Partially, market orientation and customer orientation variables have a positive and significant effect on product innovation.
Análise dialógica do conteúdo temático em gêneros do discurso
Authors: Pereira Rodrigo Acosta , De Oliveira Amanda Maria
Published: May 2020

Diversos estudos contemporâneos em Linguística Aplicada têm tomado como base as discussões de Bakhtin e o Círculo. Nesse contexto, o presente ensaio tem como objetivo propor ampliações dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos referentes à análise do conteúdo temático sob uma perspectiva dialógica. Para isso, em termos de percurso metodológico, recuperamos as discussões trazidas por Bakhtin e o Círculo e as pesquisas de seus interlocutores contemporâneos do campo que tem se denominado, no Brasil, de Análise Dialógica de/do(s) Discurso(s), de modo que possamos estabelecer diálogos com essas discussões em torno do conceito de conteúdo temático, ao mesmo tempo em que revisitamos conceitos fundantes da obra bakhtiniana, como cronotopo, esfera, ideologia, valoração e relações dialógicas, a fim de consubstanciarmos as discussões aqui trazidas. Com isso, foi possível percorremos um dos caminhos possíveis no diálogo entre o conteúdo temático e encaminhamentos analíticos que podem ser adotados pelo pesquisador ao adentrar nas questões em torno do estudo da língua sob a perspectiva sociológico-dialógica. Ratificamos que a presente proposta não esgota os caminhos possíveis de análise do conteúdo temático. Por fim, justificamos a relevância da presente discussão na medida em que propõe caminhos possíveis de aproximações entre os conceitos fundantes de Bakhtin e o Círculo, assim como de possibilidades de análise linguística de acordo com os pressupostos que ancoram esse trabalho.
Predictores de la ansiedad ante la estadística: Ansiedad ante los exámenes y baja depuración cognitiva
Authors: Ávila-Toscano José Hernando , Vargas-Delgado Leonardo José , Oquendo-González Kelly Patricia , Mercado Salcedo Dayana del Carmen
Published: May 2020

Las competencias en estadística responden al desarrollo de habilidades esenciales para la comprensión de la realidad y la toma de decisiones personales y profesionales. Un gran número de profesiones emplea la estadística como elemento esencial en investigación y análisis de información, pero también es común la respuesta de ansiedad ante estos contenidos. Este estudio analiza las estrategias metacognitivas implicadas en procesos de ansiedad ante la estadística, así como el papel de la ansiedad ante los exámenes en este fenómeno. Se analizó una muestra de universitarios habituados al tratamiento de información cuantitativa, en ellos se observaron bajos niveles de estrategias metacognitivas para el aprendizaje y niveles moderados de ansiedad. En un modelo de regresión se identificó que la ansiedad estadística se predice débilmente por la falta de depuración y fuertemente por la ansiedad ante los exámenes.
Selection Response in a Divergent Selection Experiment for Birth Weight Variability in Mice Compared with a Control Line
Authors: Formoso-Rafferty Nora , Chavez Katherine Natalia , Ojeda Candela , Cervantes Isabel , Gutiérrez Juan Pablo
Published: May 2020

Birth weight (BW) in animal production is an economically important trait in prolific species. The laboratory mouse (Mus musculus) is used as an experimental animal because it is considered a suitable model for prolific species such as rabbits and pigs. Two mouse lines were divergently selected for birth weight variability with a third line of non-selected control population of the same origin as the animals starting the experiment. The objective of this study was, therefore, to compare and evaluate the differential response of each line. The animals were from the 17th generation of both low and high BW variability lines of the divergent selection experiment, including in addition animals from the control line. The dataset contained 389 records from 48 litters of the high line, 734 records from 73 litters of the low line, and 574 records from 71 litters of the control line. The studied traits were as follows: the BW, the BW variance, the BW standard deviation, the BW coefficient of variation within-litter, the weaning weight (WW), the litter size at birth and at weaning, the weight gain, and the preweaning survival. The model included the line effect jointly with the parturition number and its interaction, the linear and quadratic LS as covariates except for the LS trait itself when analyzing litter traits, as well as the pup sex when analyzing individual traits. The low line had a lower BW and WW, but a higher litter size, and greater robustness owing to a higher survival at weaning. As a model of livestock animals, the findings from this experiment led to a proposal of selection for pig production that would combine an increase in litter size with higher survival and welfare. Compared with the control line, a much higher response was observed in the low variability line than in the high line, making it extremely satisfactory given that homogeneity provides advantages in terms of animal welfare and robustness.
Analysis of the Bovine DLK1 Gene Polymorphism and Its Relation to Lipid Metabolism in Chinese Simmental
Authors: Wang Mengyan , Jiang Ping , Yu Xiang , Mi Jiaqi , Bai Zitong , Zhang Xiuqi , Liu Yinuo , Fang Xibi , Yang Runjun , Zhao Zhihui
Published: May 2020

In this study, we precisely constructed and transfected the overexpression and interference vectors in BFFs to evaluate the role of DLK1 gene on lipid metabolism in vitro. The expression of of DLK1 in the mRNA and protein level tended to reduce, and TGs were significantly increased in the pGPU6-shDLK1 group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The expression of DLK1 in the mRNA and protein level were increased in the pBI-CMV3-DLK1 group compared to the control group, and the TGs content showed a significant decrease in the pBI-CMV3-DLK1 group (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, we used the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR) detection method to screen SNPs further to explore and analyze the relationship between the gene and the economic traits of 28-month-old Chinese Simmental and the fatty acids composition of cattle longissimus muscle. The result showed that two SNPs, IVS3 + 478 C > T and IVS3 + 609 T > G, were identified as being significantly associated with carcass and meat quality traits in Chinese Simmental, such as the carcass fat coverage rate, loin eye muscle area, and fat color score. In summary, our results indicated that DLK1 can affect lipid metabolism in bovine and these two SNPs might be applied as genetic markers of meat quality traits for beef cattle breeding.
Numerical Analysis Based on a Multi-Body Simulation for a Plunging Type Constant Velocity Joint
Authors: Marter Paul , Daniel Christian , Duvigneau Fabian , Woschke Elmar
Published: May 2020

In early design phases of ball typed constant velocity joints (CVJ), which are widely used for the uniform transmission of rotational movement in driveshafts, the knowledge of the interactions between the components is essential. Therefore, a simulation model for a multi-body analysis is developed to consider general, transient operating conditions of the joint in the development process. The model is derived using the example of a plunging joint of the rear prop shaft, which has a straight track geometry and two track angles. On this basis, a two-dimensional, analytical contact determination between balls and tracks can be carried out, which reduces the required computation times compared to a general contact determination. Although rigid bodies are used for numerical analysis, local elastic deformations between the contact bodies are possible on the basis of Hertzian contact theory. For a higher level of detail, frictional forces are also taken into account via the Coulomb friction law, which is adapted for numerical use. To validate the simulation model, the influences of the numerical parameters are discussed and the numerical results are compared with the analytical results of the statically undeflected joint condition. Finally, the created simulation model is utilised to present the numerical joint analysis using two examples of joint kinematics analysis.
Nanocone Structures Enhancing Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Emissions in Diamonds
Authors: Zhu Tianfei , Liang Yan , Liu Zongchen , Fu Jiao , Wang Yanfeng , Shao Guoqing , Zhao Dan , Wang Juan , Wang Ruozheng , Wei Qiang , Wang Wei , Wen Feng , Min Tai , Wang Hongxing
Published: May 2020

In this study, nitrogen-vacancy center emissions from nanocone structures fabricated on diamond surfaces by gold film annealing and inductively coupled plasma etching techniques were characterized. First, the diamond substate deposited with gold film was annealed to form a nano-sized dot mask. Second, through inductively coupled plasma etching, nanocone-shaped structures were fabricated using optimized gold dots as masks. Finally, the as-fabricated nanocone and planar structures were investigated with photoluminescence experiments at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 80 K, with the results showing approximately two-fold higher emission values for nitrogen-vacancy centers from nanocones.
Microstructure and Properties of Cr-Fe2B Composite Coatings Prepared by Pack-Preboronizing Combined with Electro Brush-Plating
Authors: Hu Jianjun , Pei Yaoxin , Liu Yu , Yang Xian , Li Hui , Xu Hongbin , Guo Ning
Published: May 2020

Cr-Fe2B composite coatings were prepared on carbon steels by pack-boronizing followed by electro brush-plating. The microstructure and properties of the coatings annealed at different temperatures were studied. The coatings show a gradient structure composed of a Cr-layer and a Fe2B-layer and have excellent thermal stability, and no new layers and/or transition layers are formed in the coating during annealing up to 1000 °C. The Cr-layer has an amorphous structure and is transformed into nanosized grains when the annealing temperature increases to 700 °C. As the annealing temperature is further increased, the nanograins grow rapidly. The microcracks in the Cr-layer increase sharply after annealing at 550 °C and then decrease significantly with any further increase of the annealing temperature. The pre-deposited Fe2B-layer prevents the formation of carbon-poor zones in the steel substrate during annealing. It is considered that high-temperature (>700 °C) annealing helps to eliminate coating defects, increase the coating density and obtain better wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Surprisingly, the as-plated and low temperature annealed samples also show good wear resistance and corrosion resistance, which may be related to their amorphous structure and nanocrystalline structure.
From Postmodernism to Posthumanism: Theorizing Ethos in an Age of Pandemic
Authors: Baumlin James S.
Published: May 2020

This essay expands on the previous discussion, “Positioning Ethos” (Baumlin and Meyer 2018), which outlined a theory of ethos for the 21st century. There, my coauthor and I observed the dialectic between ethics and ethotics, grounding subjectivity within a sociology of rhetoric: Contemporary ethos, thus, explores the physical embodiment (with its “markers of identity”), positionality, and “cultural dress” of speakers. There as here, we looked to Heidegger for an expanded definition, one reaching beyond a speaker’s self-image to bring all aspects of our lifeworld—cultural, technological, biological, planetary—into a dynamic unity. And, there as here, we observed the dialectic between speaker and audience: Within this transactional model, ethos marks the “space between” speaker and audience—a socially- and linguistically-constructed meeting ground (or, perhaps better, playground) where meanings can be negotiated. Crucial to this transactional model is the skeptron, as described by Bourdieu: To possess the skeptron is to claim the cultural authority, expertise, trust, and means to speak and to be heard—indeed, to be seen—in one’s speaking. To our previous essay’s ethics and ethotics, this present essay adds the dialectic arising between bios and technê. We “dwell” in memory, in language, in history, in culture: All speakers in all cultural moments can claim as much. But, writing in an age of postmodernism, we acknowledge the heightened roles of technology, “expert systems,” and urbanization in our lifeworld today. What we had described as the cultural “habitus” of ethos is here supplemented by an ethos of scientific technoculture; similarly, what we had described as the existentialist “embodied self” is here supplemented by the postmodern—indeed, posthuman—ethos of the cyborg, a biotechnic “assemblage” part cybernetic machine and part living organism, simultaneously personal and collective in identity. This posthuman con/fusion of bios and technê is not a transcendence of (human) nature; rather, it acknowledges our immersion within an interspecies biology while expanding our habitus from the polis to the planet. It’s these aspects of our lifeworld—insterspecies biology, bodily health as self-identity, postmodern technology, and urban lifestyle—that COVID-19 pressures and threatens today. In the current struggle between science-based medicine and conservative politics, the skeptron assumes life-and-death importance: Who speaks on behalf of medical science, the coronavirus victim, and community health?
Urinary MicroRNAs as Potential Markers for Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Erdmann Kati , Salomo Karsten , Klimova Anna , Heberling Ulrike , Lohse-Fischer Andrea , Fuehrer Romy , Thomas Christian , Roeder Ingo , Froehner Michael , Wirth Manfred P. , Fuessel Susanne
Published: May 2020

Currently, voided urine cytology (VUC) serves as the gold standard for the detection of bladder cancer (BCa) in urine. Despite its high specificity, VUC has shortcomings in terms of sensitivity. Therefore, alternative biomarkers are being searched, which might overcome these disadvantages as a useful adjunct to VUC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of the urinary levels of selected microRNAs (miRs), which might represent such alternative biomarkers due to their BCa-specific expression. Expression levels of nine BCa-associated microRNAs (miR-21, -96, -125b, -126, -145, -183, -205, -210, -221) were assessed by quantitative PCR in urine sediments from 104 patients with primary BCa and 46 control subjects. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses revealed a diagnostic potential for miR-96, -125b, -126, -145, -183, and -221 with area under the curve (AUC) values between 0.605 and 0.772. The combination of the four best candidates resulted in sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (NPV), and accuracy of 73.1%, 95.7%, 97.4%, 61.1%, and 80.0%, respectively. Combined with VUC, sensitivity and NPV could be increased by nearly 8%, each surpassing the performance of VUC alone. The present findings suggested a diagnostic potential of miR-125b, -145, -183, and -221 in combination with VUC for non-invasive detection of BCa in urine.
Cdc42-Dependent Transfer of mir301 from Breast Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Regulates the Matrix Modulating Ability of Astrocytes at the Blood–Brain Barrier
Authors: Morad Golnaz , Daisy Cassandra C. , Otu Hasan H. , Libermann Towia A. , Dillon Simon T. , Moses Marsha A.
Published: May 2020

Breast cancer brain metastasis is a major clinical challenge and is associated with a dismal prognosis. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the early stages of brain metastasis can provide opportunities to develop efficient diagnostics and therapeutics for this significant clinical challenge. We have previously reported that breast cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) breach the blood–brain barrier (BBB) via transcytosis and can promote brain metastasis. Here, we elucidate the functional consequences of EV transport across the BBB. We demonstrate that brain metastasis-promoting EVs can be internalized by astrocytes and modulate the behavior of these cells to promote extracellular matrix remodeling in vivo. We have identified protein and miRNA signatures in these EVs that can lead to the interaction of EVs with astrocytes and, as such, have the potential to serve as targets for development of diagnostics and therapeutics for early detection and therapeutic intervention in breast cancer brain metastasis.
Main Influencing Factors of Quality Determination of Collaborative Open Data Pages
Authors: Härting Ralf-Christian , Lewoniewski Włodzimierz
Published: May 2020

Collaborative knowledge bases allow anyone to create and edit information online. One example of a resource with collaborative content is Wikipedia. Despite the fact that this free encyclopedia is one of the most popular sources of information in the world, it is often criticized for the poor quality of its content. Articles in Wikipedia in different languages on the same topic, can be created and edited independently of each other. Some of these language versions can provide very different but valuable information on each topic. Measuring the quality of articles using metrics is intended to make open data pages such as Wikipedia more reliable and trustworthy. A major challenge is that the ‘gold standard’ in determining the quality of an open data page is unknown. Therefore, we investigated which factors influence the potentials of quality determination of collaborative open data pages and their sources. Our model is based on empirical data derived from the experience of international experts on knowledge management and data quality. It has been developed by using semi-structured interviews and a qualitative content analysis based on Grounded Theory (GT). Important influencing factors are: Better outcomes, Better decision making, Limitations, More efficient workflows for article creation and review, Process efficiency, Quality improvement, Reliable and trustworthy utilization of data.
RNA Interference Is Enhanced by Knockdown of Double-Stranded RNases in the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti
Authors: Giesbrecht David , Heschuk Daniel , Wiens Ian , Boguski David , LaChance Parker , Whyard Steve
Published: May 2020

RNA interference (RNAi) techniques are being developed for a range of pest insect control technologies, including the sterile insect technique (SIT) and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-based insecticides. In SIT applications, where >99% of the released males should be sterile to meet industry standards, the efficiency of RNAi will need to be improved for many insect species if this technology is to be adopted. Endogenous dsRNases can impede dsRNA delivery in some insects, and, here, we investigated whether dsRNases in the midgut could limit RNAi efficacy in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Ten putative dsRNases were identified in the Ae. aegypti genome, with two highly expressed in the midguts of larvae. Using an ex vivo assay, we observed that dsRNA was rapidly degraded within the mosquito larva’s gut. Double-stranded RNA targeting these two dsRNases, when fed to the larvae, effectively reduced gut dsRNase activity. When these dsRNase-specific dsRNAs were co-delivered with dsRNA targeting a cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) reporter gene, greater knockdown of CFP fluorescence was observed. These results suggest that inhibiting dsRNase activity could enable the implementation of RNAi-based mosquito control methods.
A Simulation Analysis of Nanofluidic Ion Current Rectification Using a Metal-Dielectric Janus Nanopore Driven by Induced-Charge Electrokinetic Phenomena
Authors: Liu Weiyu , Sun Yongjun , Yan Hui , Ren Yukun , Song Chunlei , Wu Qisheng
Published: May 2020

We propose herein a unique mechanism of generating tunable surface charges in a metal-dielectric Janus nanopore for the development of nanofluidic ion diode, wherein an uncharged metallic nanochannel is in serial connection with a dielectric nanopore of fixed surface charge. In response to an external electric field supplied by two probes located on both sides of the asymmetric Janus nanopore, the metallic portion of the nanochannel is electrochemically polarized, so that a critical junction is formed between regions with an enriched concentration of positive and negative ions in the bulk electrolyte adjacent to the conducting wall. The combined action of the field-induced bipolar induced double layer and the native unipolar double layer full of cations within the negatively-charged dielectric nanopore leads to a voltage-controllable heterogenous volumetric charge distribution. The electrochemical transport of field-induced counterions along the nanopore length direction creates an internal zone of ion enrichment/depletion, and thereby enhancement/suppression of the resulting electric current inside the Janus nanopore for reverse working status of the nanofluidic ion diode. A mathematical model based upon continuum mechanics is established to study the feasibility of the Janus nanochannel in causing sufficient ion current rectification, and we find that only a good matching between pore diameter and Debye length is able to result in a reliable rectifying functionality for practical applications. This rectification effect is reminiscent of the typical bipolar membrane, but much more flexible on account of the nature of a voltage-based control due to induced-charge electrokinetic polarization of the conducting end, which may hold promise for osmotic energy conversion wherein an electric current appears due to a difference in salt concentration. Our theoretical demonstration of a composite metal-dielectric ion-selective medium provides useful guidelines for construction of flexible on-chip platforms utilizing induced-charge electrokinetic phenomena for a high degree of freedom ion current control.
Strain Rate Effect on the Ductile Brittle Transition in Grinding Hot Pressed SiC Ceramics
Authors: Huang Pai , Zhang Jiaqi
Published: May 2020

Surface and subsurface damage are still persistent technical challenges for the abrasive machining hot pressed-silicon carbide (HP-SiC) ceramics. Therefore, an investigation of the material behavior and critical depth of ductile to brittle transition (DBT) is essential for improving high precision and quality grinding HP-SiC ceramics. In this paper, single-grit grinding experiments with different scratch speed were conducted to study strain rate effect on the critical depth of DBT. The nanoindentations were performed to test the hardness and Young’s modulus changes of DBT position under different scratch speeds. The material removal mechanism and phase changes underneath the scratch groove were investigated using Raman tests. Based on the specific energies consumed in ductile and brittle modes of machining, a theoretical model of the critical depth of DBT was developed. The experimental results suggest that high scratch speeds generate high nanohardness, high Young‘s modulus and high critical depth of DBT of HP-SiC ceramics. The measured critical depth of DBT shows a good agreement with the predicted value calculated by the developed model. The subsurface damage depth reduced with high strain rate. Furthermore, the Raman results revealed that dislocations and amorphous transformation dominated the ductile removal mechanism of HP-SiC grinding. The fracture chips and subsurface damage depth was determined by the lateral crack and median crack, respectively. This paper’s results provide a fundamental understanding of the effect of grinding speed on the material removal mode of HP-SiC ceramics.
Leaching Kinetics of Rare Earth Elements from Fire Clay Seam Coal
Authors: Yang Xinbo , Honaker Rick Q.
Published: May 2020

Recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from coal samples collected from the Fire Clay coal seam using diluted mineral acid solutions was investigated. The initial processing step was coal recovery using conventional froth flotation which concentrated the REEs in tailing material resulting in an upgrade to values around 700 ppm on a dry whole mass basis. Leaching experiments were performed on the flotation tailings material using a 1.2 M sulfuric acid solution adjusted to a temperature of 75 °C to study the extractability of REEs from coal material. The effect of particle size, leaching time, leaching temperature, and solid concentration on REE leaching recovery were evaluated. The kinetic data obtained from leaching over a range of temperatures suggested that the leaching process follows the shrinking core model with possibly a mixed control mechanism that may be a result of several heterogenous materials leaching simultaneously. Leaching recovery increased rapidly at the beginning of the reaction then slowed as the system reached equilibrium. The apparent activation energy determined from test data obtained over a range of temperatures using 1 M sulfuric acid was 36 kJ/mol for the first 20 min of reaction time and 27 kJ/mol for the leaching period between 20 and 120 min. The leaching of light REEs during the initial stage was determined to be driven by a chemical reaction, followed by the formation of a product layer, which required lower activation energy in the later stage of leaching. In regards to the heavy REEs, the major mechanism for leaching is desorption and the product layer formation does not affect the heavy REEs significantly.