bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the genetic diversity and population structures of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) stands in Poland based on simple sequence repeat markers
Authors: Szyp-Borowska Iwona , Zawadzka Anna , Wojda Tomasz , Klisz Marcin
Published: December 2023

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) was introduced in Poland over 200 years ago, and its distribution area now covers the whole country, with the highest concentration of occurrence in the western part. Breeding of this species has been started in Poland for about 20 years, albeit on a limited scale, and two selected seed stands, 34 plus trees and two seed orchards have been registered. So far, selection efforts have not been coupled with the recognition of variation in the genetic structure of local populations. To fill the knowledge gap on genetic diversity, we selected the seven qualitatively best populations of R. pseudoacacia for our study. To clarify the origin of the Polish population of R. pseudoacacia, a sample from a seed stand in eastern Germany and from a seed orchard with Hungarian clones from the Oborniki Śląskie Forest District was added. In this study, three microsatellites were used to evaluate genotypes: Rops15, Rops16 and Rops18, with the Rops15 locus (motif AG) showing hypermutability. Moderate or high variability was observed in all microsatellite loci examined, with a total of 27 alleles identified. In all stands, the average observed number of alleles per locus was higher than the average effective number of alleles per locus. Three main clusters have been identified in the genetic structure of the population, one of which is represented by the population from the Regional Directorate of State Forests in Zielona Góra. The second group comprised the populations from Mieszkowice, the populations Pińczów and Wołów, and the population from Germany. The last one included population from Strzelce and Oborniki Śląskie, where the population from Hungary is represented. This may be of great importance for practice. Perhaps it is worth postulating the separation of two seed regions. Under most scenarios, climate change is projected to change the distribution of forest types and tree species in all biomes. It can be assumed that the importance of black locust in times of climate change is likely to increase.
Elders’ experience with augmented gaze: preliminary observations
Authors: Dalmasso Vittorio , Moretti Michela , Baud-Bovy Gabriel , Høeg Emil Rosenlund , Cozzi Roberto , Ippolito Jacopo , de’Sperati Claudio
Published: December 2023

Research on elders’ acceptance of virtual technologies is much needed. Here we studied the user experience of elders (N = 10, mean age = 88.2 years) during virtual biking, an exergame where participants pedal on a cycle ergometer and wear a Head-Mounted Display that provides them an immersive experience of a bike ride. We tested the effects of augmented gaze on user experience. Augmented gaze is a condition in which horizontal head turns yield amplified visual shifts, which is assumed to facilitate visual exploration. User experience was measured by asking participants to rate satisfaction, motivation, sense of presence and sense of safety. We found a very good acceptance of virtual biking and no signs of negative effects of augmented gaze. These preliminary observations suggest that augmented gaze may be a viable optimization of elders’ experience with certain virtual reality applications.
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN HYBRID TEACHING GAMES FOR UNDERSTANDING DAN SPORT EDUCATION MODEL TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR PJOK
Authors: Anugrah Dhaniel Wahyu Putra
Published: December 2023

Motivation is the impulse that arises from oneself to make a good change in action. There are 5 types of motivation, namely Instrinsic Motivation, Identified Regulation, Introjected Regulation, External Regulation, and Amotivation. Currently, there are still many students who have poor learning motivation. Therefore, hybrid learning is conducted to improve students' learning motivation by combining TGfU and SEM learning models. Abroad, many studies have been conducted on the hybrid learning model of TGfU and SEM. However, in Indonesia it is still rare to conduct research between these learning models. So this research was conducted to find out how the effect of TGfU and SEM hybrid learning models on PJOK learning motivation. The method used is quantitative method. The number of samples was 70 students divided into control groups and experimental groups.The results of the study in the control group showed that the sig-2 tailed value 0.05, namely intrinsic motivation, introjected regulation, external regulation, and amotivation which means there is no difference and one type has a sig-2 tailed value 0.05, namely identified regulation which means it has a difference. While in the experimental group all types of motivation have a sig-2 tailed value 0.05 which means there is a difference. The conclusion of this study is that the TGfU-SEM hybrid model has an influence on the learning motivation of PJOK students.Keywords: hybrid; TGfU-SEM; motivation; physical education
TINGKAT KEMAMPUAN SMASH SISWA PADA EKSTRAKURIKULER BOLA VOLI DI SMPN 17 BANDA ACEH
Authors: Salbani Salbani , Munzir Munzir , Subhananto Aprian
Published: December 2023

Volleyball development is part of the development of quality human resources. It is a responsibility for all of us to pay special attention to education, especially in basic education, because it is the initial milestone in the formation of the character of students. This study aims to determine the level of Samsh's ability of volleyball extracurricular participants at SMP Negeri 17 Banda Aceh. This research is a quantitative descriptive research. The data collection techniques used are tests and measurements. The population in this study was all volleyball extracurricular participants at SMP Negeri 17 Banda Aceh with a total of 9 people. The sample in this study was all volleyball extracurricular participants at SMP Negeri 17 Banda Aceh with a total of 9 people. The instrument used in this study is by means of a test, namely the Smash test according to the Ministry of Education and National Education book. The data analysis technique used is percentage descriptive analysis. The results showed that the level of Smash ability category was either 0 students or 0%, either 4 students or 44%, medium 3 students or 34%, less 2 students or 22% and less once 0 students or 0%.
BEYOND THE SURFACE: A DEEP DIVE INTO CULTURE AND HAPPINESS AT WORK
Authors: ATAN Arzu
Published: December 2023

The present study examines happiness and culture from a cross-cultural and interdisciplinary perspective. Addressing cultural barriers and aligning institutional values with cultural norms is crucial. Developing and precisely measuring a framework for a healthy culture can enhance wellness initiatives at work and foster inclusive workplaces. The cultural viewpoint on employee well-being and the effects of culture on relationships and values must thus be explored through research. Five research questions were designed to answer this purpose: 1) What is the relationship between happiness and culture in various settings? 2) What are the commonalities and differences across the studies? 3) What is the role of culture in promoting employee well-being and happiness? 4) What factors influence this relationship? 5) What are the limitations of the studies and the need for further research? The systematic literature search was conducted using the Web of Science, and the included studies were synthesized using a narrative synthesis approach. The studies demonstrate a complex relationship between happiness and culture in various settings. The research reveals that cultural differences significantly shape employees' perceptions of happiness and the factors impacting their subjective well-being at work. The findings indicate that cultural norms and values influence how employees express and regulate emotions in customer service interactions and the workplace. The research also suggests that the relationship between happiness and culture is complex and can be influenced by factors within and outside the employee. However, the studies have limitations, such as lack of generalizability, and may not fully account for other factors that can impact happiness and culture in the workplace.
Artificial Neural Network Technique for Annual Rainfall Generation Applied to Three Selected Sites in Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: Sarma Gaheen , Hajani Evan
Published: December 2023

Predicting rainfall is one of the more difficult tasks involved in weather forecasting. Due to extreme climate variations, it is now harder than ever to predict rainfall accurately. In the current study, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been used to forecast the annual maximum rainfall (AMR) data from 1990 to 2021 at three chosen stations (i.e., Duhok, Erbil, and Sulaymaniya) in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) approach of ANN models was applied in generating and forecasting the AMR time series of the adopted stations. Model performance indicators such as model efficiency, correlation coefficient, root mean square error, and root mean absolute error were used to evaluate the performance of ANN for the annual rainfall prediction. The ANN models were used to forecast the AMR data for the upcoming five years (2022 to 2026). The study reveals that the MLP approach of the ANN models, which we have used is the most appropriate tool for forecasting the AMR data series in the three selected stations in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq for future time periods.
Paramilitarismo en el Eje Cafetero. Génesis, repertorios e impactos de una violencia silenciada
Authors: Mojica Noreña Michelle , Martínez Herrera Luis Adolfo
Published: December 2023

El Eje Cafetero es frecuentemente considerado un Remanso de paz, sin embargo, la historia de violencia de la región desmitifica esta narrativa. Mediante el análisis estadístico de los repertorios paramilitares junto con un trabajo documental amplio, el artículo interpreta los hitos del paramilitarismo. Además, contribuye a desmontar la anterior narrativa y propone un modelo para interpretar la violencia en la región. Los grupos paramilitares, actores narcotraficantes y sectores económicos y políticos han confluido en un espacio donde lo legal e ilegal se imbrican y generan unas prácticas violentas que persisten en el territorio. En este contexto cobra importancia analizar algunas de las continuidades y mutaciones de prácticas paramilitares que persisten en estructuras del crimen organizado como La Cordillera. Tales prácticas han llegado a modificar los esquemas mentales de una sociedad que usufructúa la imagen de progreso en detrimento del reconocimiento de la violencia y de las relaciones que la sustentan.
Penyuluhan Tatalaksana Awal Trauma Gigi pada Anak-anak Guru dan Wali Murid RA Al-Muttaqin
Authors: Jeddy  , Dwimega Arianne , Tegar Badruzzaman Idham , Erfan Erni , Ihsan Rizal Muhammad , Anggraeni Rezky
Published: December 2023

Anterior tooth trauma often occurs in children because children are more active than adults and their coordination and assessment of conditions are not good enough, so they often fall while learning to walk, run, play and exercise. Trauma that occurs to a child's teeth can interfere speech, chewing, aesthetics and the eruption of permanent teeth, thereby disrupting the growth and development of the teeth and jaw. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the approach regarding the first treatment of trauma to primary teeth for parents and children. The choice of Community Service target at RA Al-Muttaqin was due to a request from the school principal as community leader. Education and training activities were carried out on July 27 2023 for a total of 20 teachers and parents. The aim of this activity is to increase knowledge and motivate changes in attitudes and behavior in maintaining oral health and regarding first care for primary tooth trauma. The initial assessment of knowledge and attitudes regarding primary care for trauma to primary teeth and the mouth of teachers was carried out through a pre-test. Counseling on how to maintain healthy teeth and mouth, including dental and oral health problems, prevention methods, as well as first care for primary tooth trauma by the presenter as well as educational videos. As an evaluation, a post test was carried out. The evaluation of the post test results showed an increase in scores. Recommendations for continuing this training activity in other elementary schools, especially for teachers in the school environment.
How Valuable the Future Kurdistan State Passport Will be?
Authors: Doski Shivan A.M. , Ali Aree M.
Published: December 2023

This study aims to predict the Kurdistan state passport power rank. The study idea began in July 2017, and it became a very important topic especially when the first Kurdistan region independence referendum held on the 25th of September 2017. The main question is “will the power of the Kurdistan state passport in the future exceed the current Iraqi passport power?”. A structured questionnaire distributed to foreign academician who works in Kurdistan academic institutions, universities and who visited the region for academic, research and diplomatic purpose, 115 questionnaires distributed online through the Google forums, only 85 responded accurately. Most of the response ranked the future Kurdistan passport within the best 75 passports among 200 passports for countries and regions according to the Henley and Partners methodology and the Nomad Passport Index measurements for best passports.
إستراتيجيات الخطاب السياسي الكوردي
Authors: هاوژين عمر محمد هاوژين عمر محمد
Published: December 2023

إستراتيجيات الخطاب من الأمور المهمة في بناء الخطابات وفي دراستها وتحليلها، كونها مرتبطة بالأساليب اللغوية وغير اللغوية التي يلجأ إليها المُرسِل في صناعة الخطاب، وتكريس سلطته عبر هذه الأساليب، تحقيقاً لغايات معينة. تتجسد أهمية الإستراتيجية الخطابية في حقل الخطاب السياسي أكثر من غيره في الحقول الخطابية الأخرى، بسبب تعالقاته البينة والمعلنة بمرجعيات سياسية وإيديولوجية، وبالعمليات العقلية- الفكرية التي يؤديها صاحب الغاية لبلوغ أهدافه. فمن خلال دراسة هذه الإستراتيجيات يتمكن الباحث من رصد الاتجاهات السياسية للقوى السياسية، لا سيما السلطة الحاكمة، وتقديم وصف منظم للخطاب السياسي، وجملة أخرى من القضايا . وتناولت دراستنا الموسومة (إستراتيجيات الخطاب السياسي الكوردي -خطاب تأدية اليمين لرئيس حكومة إقليم كوردستان أنموذجاً-) هذا الموضوع عبر تحليل مادة الدراسة تحليلاً علمياً، على وفق منهج تحليل الخطاب، لعينة الدراسة المكونة من خطاب رئيس حكومة إقليم كوردستان العراق مسرور بارزاني الذي ألقاه يوم تأديته اليمين أمام أعضاء برلمان كوردستان في 11  شهر تموز من عام 2019م. تبين من خلال هذه الدراسة انَّ صانع الخطاب مسرور بارزاني اعتمد في إستراتيجياته الخطابية على مجموعة من أساليب لغوية وغير لغوية، وانَّ للعوامل المؤثرة في بناء شخصيته حضورها في رسم هذه الإستراتيجيات، وانَّ أسلوب الخطاب وعُقده كانا متناغمين مع صورته النمطية عند الجمهور، وواقعيته السياسية ورسوخه الإيديولوجي، كما يُعد خطابه إسهاماً في عملية صنع القرار في إقليم كوردستان العراق، والشروع في قضايا سياسية وإدارية مهمة. وظهر أيضاً انَّ الخطاب السياسي الكوردي هو خطاب السلطة بالدرجة الأساس، يغلب عليه الطابع القومي، لكنه منفتح على الخطابات الأخرى ، وانَّ السلطة الحاكمة الكوردية والقضية القومية من أكثر العوامل المؤثرة فيه.  وقدم البحث مجموعة من التوصيات العلمية، في ضوء ما ظهر من نتائج منها؛ ضرورة الاهتمام بإستراتيجيات الخطاب من قبل القائمين على الخطاب السياسي الكوردي، وضرورة اهتمام باحثي اللغة والسياسية والاجتماع بالخطاب السياسي الكوردي، اعتماداً على منهج تحليل الخطاب.
American Culture vs Self Construction in August Wilson’s King Hedley II
Authors: Hussein Dizayi Assist. Prof. Dr. Saman A. , Tahi Assist. Lect. Ary S.
Published: December 2023

Culture in the United States during the 1980s has had a great influence on African American personalities, class, and gender. The play King Hedley II by August Wilson explores culture's influences through characters such as king, Mister, and Tonya. This paper will analyze how culture shapes the personality of people, individuals, class, and gender by closely examining how the environment has structured their traits and personalities. The paper also will cover elements such as violent environments contribution in affecting the African Americans lived during the 1980s. Furthermore, poverty level among the blacks, and racism which is attributed to the circumstances characters go through in their lives. Other aspects that would be examined necessitates the availability of opportunities for the African Americas and the possibility of hope to get out of the condition that African Americans found themselves in during the 1980s, as per the August play. The paper conducts a textual analysis through reading the play and investigating the cultural aspects that affected in shaping personalities of the characters. Finally the paper reaches at the point, among some, that the cultural environment directly influences both society and Individual’s self-construction.
The Fate of Contractual Obligations Amidst COVID-19 An Analytical Legal Study
Authors: Bakir Alhawezy Rebaz A.
Published: December 2023

The Covid-19 crisis, known as Corona, has a negative effect on contractual obligations at the national and international levels. Many problems have occurred in the world after Corona various invaded countries of the world. Which necessitated studying it and coming up with a jurisprudential legal opinion about the problems that occurred in the contracts concluded before Covid-19, whose implementation postponed until his time. This research comes to answer a set of questions that concerns the legal problems of developments in contractual obligations in the time of Covid-19 that make contractual obligations negatively affected by Covid-19. The scientific material for this study divided into two chapter. The first chapter was devoted to the definition of COVID-19 and its legal framework. The second chapter deals with the consequences of COVID-19 along with jurisprudential-legal opinions about the problems that occurred, and the research followed by mentioning the most important outcomes and recommendations.
آلية فرض و تحصيل ضريبة الدخل على الاعمال التجارية الالكترونية في إقليم كوردستان العراق
Authors: صابر هاورى نورالدين , رسول لقمان حسن
Published: December 2023

أثرت ثورة تكنولوجيا الاتصالات في السنوات الأخيرة على أنشطة المؤسسات الاقتصادية، ومن أبرز هذه الآثار ما يسمى بالتجارة الالكترونية والاعمال التجارية الالكترونية التي تتم عبر منصات الانترنت، وقد اثار هذا التطور وظهور التجارة الالكترونية وعلى وجه خاص ممارسة الاعمال التجارية من خلال الانترنت، نقاشاً حول النظام الضريبي وامكانية فرض ضريبة الدخل على تلك الاعمال، اذ ان الانتقال من البيئة التجارية المادية أو التقليدية إلى البيئة الالكترونية المرتكزة على المعرفة العلمية طرح مسائل هامة فيما يتعلق بفرض الضرائب والانظمة الضريبية، وهذا يعني ممارسة الاعمال التجارية من خلال شبكة الانترنت تشكل تحدياً واضحاً للأنظمة الضريبية التقليدية التي تقوم في الأغلب على السلع المادية التي يمكن حصرها وتتبعها. 

ومن خلال دراسة احكام قانون ضريبة الدخل العراقي و قانون التجارة العراقي النافذ في اقليم كوردستان العراق، يبين لنا بان فرض ضريبة الدخل على الاعمال التجارية الالكترونية تواجه صعوبات قانونية وتكنيكية، لعدم وجود الاحكام والنصوص المتعلقة بالتجارة الالكترونية أو الأعمال التجارية التي تتم عبر الانترنت بشكل صريح وهذه تعد من من أهم الصعوبات القانونية، لأن مصطلح الاعمال التجارية جاء  في القانون بشكل مطلق دون اشارة الى وسائل او كيفية ممارسة تلك الاعمال، أما بخصوص الصعوبات التكنيكية، فهذه الدراسة ركزت على بعض منها، من أهمها، صعوبة تحديد هوية العاملين في التجارة عبر الانترنت، وبيع المنتجات الرقمية والصعوبات المتعلقة بنوعية المعاملات التجارية عبر الانترنت، وتولد أنواع مختلفة بشكل سريع اضافة إلى صعوبة اثبات التعاملات التجارية والعقود التجارية التي تتم من خلال منصات الانترنت.
التكييف القانوني لعقد التاجر في إطار البطاقة الإئتمانية
Authors: سليمان طالب برايم , بابير عبدالرحيم عثمان
Published: December 2023

تعد بطاقة الإئتمان( Credit card) نوع من انواع البطاقات البلاستكية الممغنطة الصادرة من المصارف، تشترك مع البطاقات الاخرى كـ (Cash card،  Debit car) على انها تمكن لحاملها وظيفة سحب النقود من حساباته وأرصدته المودعة لدى المصرف او المصارف الاخرى من ناحية، من ثم انها خاضعة كسائر البطااقات لابرام العقود المصرفية كعقد الانضمام والتحويل الالكتروني والحسابات الجارية، الا انها تتميز عن جميع البطاقات بخواص الشراء والإئتمان، ففي هذا الاخير تمنح القروض لحاملها في حالة وجود السحب دون رصيد، اما الشراء فانها البطاقة الوحيدة التي تترتب عليها ابرام عقد التاجر، حيث يخول حامله استخدام البطاقة في المحلات التجارية لغرض شراء ما يلزمه من السلع والخدمات، وينشأ عقد التاجر بين الجهة المصدرة للبطاقة (المصرف) والتاجر، ويعد العقد من العقود المستحدثة داخل اروقة الانظمة المصرفية في العهد الجديد، واصبح يتغلل في الواقع العملي بشكل واسع في العراق واقليم كوردستان ولكن الملفت للنظر ان المشرع العراقي رغم محاولته مواكبة التطورات الحاصلة في نظام التكنولوجيا الرقمية، لم ينظم هذا العقد بالتالي ترك توصيفه القانوني للمتاهات الفقهية، وعليه فان هذا البحث يحاول اعطاء الوصف القانوني السليم لهذا العقد من خلال عرض وتحليل وتقييم اراء الفقهاء ونظريات التي طرحت في هذا الصدد، ووصل في النهاية الى عدة نتائج اهمها ان هذا العقد لايخرج من كونه عقد غير مسمى وله طبيعة خاصة به يختلف عن كل نظم مقاربة له ولو يشترك معهم ببعض الاحكام، من ثم ابدى عدة توصيات اهمها دعوة المشرع العراقي لتنظيم هذا العقد كعملية من عمليات المصرفية لكثرة الاقبال عليه في الواقع العملي وغلق ابواب كل هذە المتاهات الفقهيه التي طرحت .
Determinantes que influenciam na continuidade da prática do aleitamento materno
Authors: Lima Maria Eduarda Veloso , Corrêa Laisy da Cruz , Freitas Uyara Cabral de , Mercês Matheus Maciel das , Pinto Jean Carlo Trindade , Martins Maria Izabelle da Silva , Vilhena Amanda Rodrigues de , Nunes Alan de Sousa , Gadelha Elida Cristina Bezerra , Silva Luisa Margareth Carneiro da
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: Descrever os principais fatores biopsicossociais que influenciam positivamente e negativamente o aleitamento materno. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com levantamento bibliográfico realizado em março de 2023 nas bases de dados: LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF e SCIELO, por meio dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): Aleitamento materno, Desmame precoce, Nutrição do lactente e Saúde da criança, com o uso do operador booleano “AND”. Foram incluídos artigos publicados em bases de dados nacionais e internacionais, com textos completos disponíveis, em português e inglês, e publicados entre os anos de 2013 a 2023. Resultados: No total, 15 estudos estavam em conformidade com os critérios de inclusão estabelecidos, respondendo à questão norteadora sobre quais são os determinantes na prática da amamentação, apresentando como fatores influenciadores, principalmente, dificuldades associadas ao déficit no conhecimento prático da amamentação, intercorrências mamárias, falta de suporte no ambiente familiar e de trabalho, além da assistência na saúde desamparada, dentre outros motivos. Considerações finais: O aleitamento materno é influenciado por questões biológicas, sociodemográficas e socioculturais que determinam essa prática e, por isso, há a necessidade de mais estudos voltados para aspectos subjetivos do processo de amamentação, visando intervenções mais efetivas, ampliação e atualização das estratégias já existentes.
Perfil de utilização de antimicrobianos utilizados e microrganismos isolados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal
Authors: Cavalcante Jeremias Antunes Gomes , Cardoso Flavia Pessoa de Belmont Fonseca , Fernandes Lisandra Francilino , Martins Beatriz Barros , Soares Maxsyara Felismino da Silva , Albuquerque Giovanna Gusmao Zenaide Nóbrega , Lima Gedson Rodrigues de Morais
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: Avaliar o uso de antibacterianos e antifúngicos em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) de um hospital universitário. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo documental, quantitativo, transversal e retrospectivo. Realizado com 61 pacientes que utilizaram antibacterianos e/ou antifúngicos durante a internação na UTIN entre junho e dezembro de 2021. Resultados: 69% (n=42) dos neonatos eram do sexo masculino, 26% (n=16) foram admitidos por síndrome da angústia respiratória do RN, 41% (n=25) usou dois antibacterianos, a gentamicina foi o mais utilizado 28% (n=52) e os penicilinâmicos foram majoritários (44%, n=82). Apenas 15% dos pacientes utilizaram antifúngicos, os polienos foram mais utilizados (77%, n=10). A anfotericina B foi o mais utilizado (42%, n=5), seguido pela nistatina 33% (n=4). A hemocultura foi mais solicitada representando 58% (n=41) e apresentou crescimento em 22% das amostras (n=9). Os microrganismos mais isolados foram dos gêneros Staphylococcus e Klebsiella.   75% (n=46) dos RN sobreviveram a processo de internação. Conclusão: Os antibacterianos foram utilizados em associação de dois ou mais, sendo a maioria dos tratamentos semelhante aos protocolos clínicos para sepse neonatal precoce e tardia. Os antifúngicos foram pouco utilizados. Ademais, os dados servirão de apoio para realização de melhorias no uso de antimicrobianos no setor em questão.
Développer les compétences de rotation mentale chez les élèves. Une revue systématique de littérature
Authors: Lacombe Noémie , Dias Thierry
Published: December 2023

Les recherches montrent que la capacité à effectuer des rotations mentales est un facteur prédictif de la réussite en mathématiques et en sciences à l’école. Au vu de l’importance de ces compétences dans la réussite scolaire des élèves, il est important de considérer les interventions permettant de développer l’habileté de rotation mentale chez les élèves. Cet article présente une revue systématique de la littérature sur les différentes interventions utilisées pour développer l’habileté de rotation mentale chez les élèves d’âge scolaire et sur le rôle des gestes dans ces interventions. Les résultats montrent que la manipulation réelle d’un objet et l’utilisation de gestes pour simuler la rotation mentale améliorent les compétences des élèves.
Tâches de généralisation avec des élèves avec MLD : privilégier le processus au résultat
Authors: Gregorio Francesca
Published: December 2023

Les Mathematical Learning Disabilities (MLD) entrainent des difficultés des apprentissages persistantes et/ou spécifiques aux mathématiques. Cet article présente deux études de cas d’élèves du Secondaire I avec MLD dans le canton da Vaud. Lors de la résolution de tâches de généralisation et argumentation, ces élèves ont montré de s’appuyer sur la structure du problème, en faisant preuve d’un potentiel d'apprentissage dont il faudrait tenir compte pour les pratiques de classe.
Acylphosphates as versatile transient species in reaction networks and optical catalyst screenings
Authors: Englert Andreas , Majer Felix , Schiessl Jannik , Kuehne Alexander , von Delius Max
Published: December 2023

Chemically-driven reaction cycles are prevalent in nature, yet artificial examples are still rare and often lack robustness or versatility. In this study, we introduce acylphosphate steady states that can be accessed from a wide range of organophosphates using either carboxylic anhydride or carbodiimide fuels. The combination of carboxylic anhydride fuel and pyridine catalysis makes this chemistry sufficiently robust to allow for 25 fueling cycles without generation of observable quantities of detrimental side products such as pyrophosphates. We demonstrate that the acylation of organophosphates gives rise to transient aggregates, and we harness the transient fluorescence of acylphosphate-bridged excimers in rapid screenings of more than 50 catalysts in a single well plate experiment. Due to its versatility and robustness, we anticipate that the organophosphate / acylphosphate reaction cycle will prove useful for the creation of chemically-driven molecular machines and transient self-assemblies.
Structure-guided design of a highly potent RXR agonist with superior physicochemical properties
Authors: Lewandowski Max , Carmina Melania , Knümann Loris , Sai Minh , Willems Sabine , Kasch Till , Pollinger Julius , Knapp Stefan , Marschner Julian A. , Chaikuad Apirat , Merk Daniel
Published: December 2023

Retinoid X receptors (RXR, NR2B1-3) hold therapeutic potential in oncology, neurodegeneration and metabolic diseases but traditional RXR agonists mimicking the natural ligand 9-cis retinoic acid exhibit poor physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics and safety profiles. Improved RXR ligands are needed to exploit RXR modulation as a promising therapeutic concept in various indications beyond its current role in second-line cancer treatment. Here we report the co-crystal structure of RXR in complex with a novel pyrimidine-based ligand and the structure-informed optimization of this scaffold to highly potent and highly soluble RXR agonists. Rigidization resulted in significantly improved potency and focused structure-activity relationship elucidation indicated potential avenues to RXRα preference. We obtained an optimized RXR agonist with low nanomolar potency, no cytotoxic activity and very favorable physicochemical properties highlighting this promising scaffold for the development of next-generation RXR agonist drugs.
Contemporary Applications of Thioamides and Methods for their Synthesis
Authors: Hansen Tobias N. , Olsen Christian Adam
Published: December 2023

Thioamides are naturally occurring isosteres of amide bonds in which the chalcogen atom of the carbonyl is changed from oxygen to sulfur. This substitution gives rise to altered nucleophilicity and hydrogen bonding properties with importance for both chemical reactivity and non-covalent interactions. As such, thioamides have been introduced into biologically active compounds to achieve improved target affinity and/or stability towards hydrolytic enzymes but have also been applied as probes of protein and peptide folding and dynamics. Recently, a series of new methods have been developed for the synthesis of thioamides as well as their utilization in peptide chemistry. Further, novel strategies for the incorporation of thioamides into proteins have been developed, enabling both structural and functional studies to be performed. In this Review, we highlight the recent developments in the preparation of thioamides and their applications for peptide modification and study of protein function.
Combining state-of-the-art quantum chemistry and machine learning make gold standard potential energy surfaces accessible for medium-sized molecules
Authors: Nandi Apurba , Nagy Peter R.
Published: December 2023

Developing full-dimensional machine-learned potentials with the current gold-standard coupled-cluster (CC) level is a challenging already for medium-sized molecules due to the high computational cost. Consequently, researchers are often bound to use lower-level electronic structure methods such as density functional theory or second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2). Here, we demonstrate on a representative example that gold-standard potentials can now be effectively constructed for molecules of 15 atoms using off-the-shelf hardware. This is achieved by accelerating the CCSD(T) computations via the accurate and cost-effective frozen natural orbital (FNO) approach. The Delta-machine learning (Delta-ML) approach is employed with the use of permutationally invariant polynomials to fit a full-dimensional PES of the acetylacetone molecule, but any other effective descriptor and ML approach can similarly benefit from the accelerated data generation proposed here. Our benchmarks for the global minima, H-transfer TS, and many high-lying configurations show the excellent agreement of FNO-CCSD(T) results with conventional CCSD(T) while achieving a significant time advantage of about a factor of 30-40. The obtained Delta-ML PES shows high fidelity from multiple perspectives including energetic, structural, and vibrational properties. We obtain the symmetric double well H-transfer barrier of 3.15 kcal/mol in excellent agreement with the direct FNO-CCSD(T) barrier of 3.11 kcal/mol as well as with the benchmark CCSD(F12*)(T+)/CBS value of 3.21 kcal/mol. Furthermore, the tunneling splitting due to H-atom transfer is calculated using a 1D double-well potential, providing improved estimates over previous ones obtained using an MP2-based PES. The methodology introduced here represents a significant advancement in the efficient and precise construction of potentials at the CCSD(T) level for molecules above the current limit of 15 atoms.
Unveiling Encrypted Antimicrobial Peptides from Cephalopods' Salivary Glands: A Proteolysis-Driven Virtual Approach
Authors: Agüero-Chapin Guillermin , Domínguez-Pérez Dany , Marrero-Ponce Yovani , Castillo-Mendieta Kevin , Antunes Agostinho
Published: December 2023

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), with their versatile actions, offer promise against antimicrobial resistance and as templates for novel therapeutic agents. While existing AMP databases primarily feature AMPs from terrestrial eukaryotes, marine sources are gaining attention, with cephalopods emerging as a promising but still underexplored source. This study unveils the potential reservoir of AMPs encrypted within the proteome of cephalopods’ salivary glands using in silico proteolysis. A composite protein database comprising canonical and non-canonical proteins from cephalopods' salivary apparatus was used as the substrate for five proteases involved in three digestion protocols. The resulting millions of peptides were screened using machine learning, deep learning, multi-query similarity-based models, and complex networks. The screening prioritizes antimicrobial activity, the absence of haemolytic and toxic attributes, and structural distinctiveness compared to characterized AMPs. Diverse publicly accessible AMP datasets are produced, catering to various research needs, ranging from those focused solely on antimicrobial activity to refined datasets of non-haemolytic and non-toxic AMPs. Comparative analyses and network science principles were applied to identify singular and representative subsets from non-haemolytic and non-toxic AMPs. All these sets of AMPs and the proposed mining tools serve as valuable assets for peptide drug developers.
A Sample-Centric and Knowledge-Driven Computational Framework for Natural Products Drug Discovery
Authors: Gaudry Arnaud , Pagni Marco , Mehl Florence , Moretti Sébastien , Quiros-Guerrero Luis-Manuel , Cappelletti Luca , Rutz Adriano , Kaiser Marcel , Marcourt Laurence , Ferreira Queiroz Emerson , Ioset Jean-Robert , Grondin Antonio , David Bruno , Wolfender Jean-Luc , Allard Pierre-Marie
Published: December 2023

Modern natural products (NPs) research relies on untargeted liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry metabolomics. Together with cutting-edge processing and computational annotation strategies, such approaches can yield extensive spectral and structural information. However, current processing workflows require feature-alignment steps based on retention time which hinders the comparison of samples originating from different batches or analyzed using different instrumental setups. In addition, there is currently no analytical framework available to efficiently match processed metabolomics data and associated metadata with external resources. To address these limitations, we present a new sample-centric and knowledge-driven framework allowing multi-modal data alignment - e.g. through chemical structures, biological activities, or spectral features - and demonstrate its value in exploring large and chemodiverse natural extract datasets. Here, the experimental data is processed at the sample level, matched with external identifiers when possible, semantically enriched, and integrated into a unified knowledge graph. The use of semantic web technology enables comparison of processed and standardized data, information, and knowledge at the repository scale. We demonstrate the utility of the developed framework, the Experimental Natural Products Knowledge Graph (ENPKG), to leverage the results obtained from screening 1,600 plant extracts against trypanosomatids and streamline the identification of new antiparasitic compounds. Thanks to its versatility, the proposed approach allows for a radically novel exploitation of metabolomics data. Semantic web technologies are a fundamental asset and we anticipate that their adoption will strongly complement the current computational metabolomics pipelines and enable the community to advance in the description of global chemodiversity and drug discovery projects.
Towards sustainable reprocessable structural composites: benzoxazines as biobased matrices for natural fibers
Authors: Seychal Guillem , Van Renterghem Louis , Ocando Connie , Bonnaud Leila , Raquez Jean-Marie
Published: December 2023

In this work, we synthesized and investigated three fully biobased benzoxazine matrices containing exchangeable ester bonds for natural fiber composites. The thermoset properties were investigated and the transesterification behavior was assessed. The obtained polymers show high tunability. Using isosorbide as the starting building block, the thermoset exhibits a glass transition of 130 °C, a bending modulus of 2.5 GPa, and thermal stability leading to degradation occurring after 270 °C with 31% char at 800 °C. All formulations stress relax under catalyst-free conditions within an hour with properties recovery superior to 80%. Finally, flax composites were manufactured. We highlight strong affinities between the matrices and the fibers through high mechanical performances with a modulus over 30 GPa and stress at break of 400 MPa in the longitudinal direction. 5 GPa modulus and 47 MPa stress at break were found in the transverse direction. Excellent fire retardancy properties, with self-extinguishment and UL-94 V1 classification were obtained for the isosorbide-based/flax composite. The obtained composites were able to be welded with comparable results to glued ones, paving the way to processable laminates and stable cured prepreg perfectly suited for transportation-engineered applications.
Data Valuation: A novel approach for analyzing high throughput screen data using machine learning
Authors: Hesse Joshua , Boldini Davide , Sieber Stephan
Published: December 2023

In the rapidly evolving field of drug discovery, High Throughput Screening (HTS) is a pivotal technique for identifying promising compounds. Despite its wide usage, the primary challenge remains in efficiently sifting through vast chemical libraries to discern true bioactive compounds from false positives. This study introduces a novel application of data valuation methods in machine learning to address this challenge, offering a multi-faceted approach to improving drug discovery pipelines. Our comprehensive strategy encompasses enhancing active learning for efficient compound library screening, robust identification of false and true positives in primary HTS data, and optimizing HTS datasets for machine learning applications through targeted undersampling. We demonstrate that influence-based methods enable more effective batch screening of chemical libraries, thereby reducing the need for extensive HTS, and provide significant advancements over current false positive detection techniques. This is achieved by employing machine learning models that accurately distinguish between true biological activity and assay artifacts, thereby streamlining the drug discovery process. Furthermore, our method applies smart undersampling to balance HTS datasets, enhancing the performance of machine learning algorithms without the risk of omitting crucial inactive samples. The implications of these developments are far-reaching, offering a potential paradigm shift in the efficiency and accuracy of drug development processes. We provide a benchmarking platform to facilitate the application of these methods, ensuring easy integration and modification for a broad range of datasets, thus propelling the scientific community towards more effective drug discovery methodologies (Available on GitHub at: https://github.com/JoshuaHesse/DataValuationPlatform).
The Hydrogen Evolution Activity of BaZrS3, BaTiS3, and BaVS3 Chalcogenide Perovskites
Authors: Humphrey Nicholas , Tsung Alicia , Singh Shantanu , Irshad Ahamed , Zhao Boyang , Narayan Sri , Ravichandran Jayakanth , Mallikarjun Sharada Shaama
Published: December 2023

Chalcogenide perovskites are a class of materials with electronic and optoelectronic properties desirable for solar cells, infrared optics, and computing. The oxide counterparts of these chalcogenides have been studied extensively for electrocatalytic and photoelectrochemical characteristics. As chalcogenide perovskites are more covalent, conductive, and stable, we hypothesize that they are more viable as electrocatalysts than oxide perovskites. The goal of this first synthetic, experimental, and computational study is to examine the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of three Barium-based chalcogenides in perovskite and related structures: BaZrS3, BaTiS3, and BaVS3. Potential energy surfaces for hydrogen adsorption on surfaces of these materials are calculated using density functional theory and the computational hydrogen electrode model is used to contrast overpotentials with experiment. Although both experiments and computations agree that BaVS3 is the most active of the three materials, high overpotentials of these materials make them less viable than platinum for HER. Our work establishes a framework for future studies in the chemical and electrochemical properties of chalcogenide perovksites.
Synthesis and reactivity of air stable Ni(II) complexes with isocyanides and dialkyldithiophosphate ligands: alkyl transfer and acyclic diaminocarbene formation
Authors: Álvarez Miguel Lucía , del Carmen Rodríguez Clara , Valle María , Álvarez Celedonio M. , Martin Álvarez José M. , García-Rodríguez Raúl , Miguel Daniel
Published: December 2023

A library of new neutral and cationic Ni(II) complexes containing isocyanide ligands and mono- or dialkyl-dithiophosphate have been prepared and fully characterized. They are subsequently shown to constitute excellent precursors to obtain new families of air stable Ni(II)-based acyclic diaminocarbene (Ni-ADCs) complexes by nucleophilic attack with various alkyl-substituted amines. Remarkably, the ADC is only produced at one of the isocyanide ligands. This was subsequently exploited to obtain an unpredecented dinuclear complex containing a bridging bis-carbene ligand using piperazine.
Determining Healthcare Seeking Behavior, Psychosocial Symptoms, and Distress Levels of Women with Gynecological or Breast Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: ÖZKAN ŞAT Sultan , ÇİÇEK ÖZDEMİR Sevil , YAMAN SÖZBİR Şengül , ŞENTÜRK ERENEL Ayten
Published: December 2023

Objective: The study was conducted to determine the health-seeking behaviors, psychosocial symptoms and distress levels and related factors of women diagnosed with gynecological or breast cancer during the pandemic period.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was completed with a total of 109 women who had ovary, endometrium, cervix, vagina, vulva, or breast cancer. The study was conducted between October and December 2020, and data were collected online using an information form, Distress Thermometer and The Brief Symptom Inventory.
Results: There was a decrease in the frequency of going to the hospital for diagnosis (54.8%), treatment (32.3%), and rehabilitation (58%) services during the COVID-19 pandemic process. Our study results indicated that 89% of women experienced distress, according to Distress Thermometer. The mean Brief Symptom Inventory scores were found to be statistically significantly higher in women who stated that they experienced distress, whose chemotherapy treatment was postponed, and who obtained more information from the Internet during this period.
Conclusions: This study highlighted the pandemic’s impact on healthcare-seeking behaviors and distress experiences of women with gynecological or breast cancer. Our results indicate a restriction on receiving health services during this period in women. Also, our results showed that most women experienced distress.
Diabetes Management and Problems Experienced by Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study
Authors: ÇELİK Selda , KELLECİ Meral , ANATACA Gülden , KUMBASAR Abdulbaki
Published: December 2023

Objective: A study was conducted to obtain information about problems in diabetes management experienced by patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.
Materials and Methods: In this qualitative study, in-depth interviews were carried out with 43 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (25 women, 18 men) aged 18-34 years who volunteered to participate. Each interview lasted 30 to 35 minutes. The conventional content analysis of data was performed using Graneheim & Lundman method.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 26.05±8.01 years, the mean HbA1c level was 9.57±2.57%, and the duration of diabetes was 8.70±5.22 years. The study revealed 7 problem areas related to the patients’ diabetes management during the COVID-19 pandemic: blood glucose control, dietary adherence, insulin dose adjustment, exercising, psychosocial problems, sleep problems, and compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures.
Conclusion: The study's results showed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus experienced difficulties in diabetes management and negatively impacted psychosocially.
Determination of Mercury, Cadmium, Arsenic Levels and Their Relationship with Seizure Duration in Children with Simple Febrile Seizures
Authors: ELMAS Bahri
Published: December 2023

Objective: Heavy metals may cause neuronal damage by inducing oxidative stress. This study aims to investigate the levels of mercury, cadmium, and arsenic in children with febrile seizures and their correlation with seizure duration.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 40 children who experienced simple febrile seizures and 30 children who had a fever but did not experience seizures. The study analyzed complete blood count, serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein, albumin, whole blood mercury, cadmium, and arsenic levels. The analysis was conducted six hours after the seizure for those who experienced seizures and six hours after the onset of fever for those who did not experience seizures.
Results: Our study found that the patient group had significantly higher levels of arsenic in their blood compared to the control group. At the same time, there was no significant difference in the levels of mercury and cadmium. However, we could not establish any relationship between the seizure duration and the heavy metals levels.
Conclusion: While mercury and cadmium levels are normal in children with simple febrile seizures, arsenic levels are high. However, the levels of all three heavy metals have no relationship with the duration of seizures.