bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problématique des investisseurs. Finance et droit des sûretés
Authors: Gentil Étienne
Published: June 2018

Le droit français appréhende mal la réalité des situations dans lesquelles les financements d’une certaine taille bénéficient de sûretés. On déplore le manque de flexibilité qui s’applique à des intervenants de marché qui devraient être plus libres d’organiser leurs relations comme ils l’entendent. L’efficience économique du droit des sûretés français est entachée par son caractère éclaté qui notamment organise imparfaitement l’information des tiers. On devrait envisager une uniformisation des règles de publicité, voire la création d’une sûreté mobilière unique. Les procédures d’insolvabilité méconnaissent les droits théoriquement donnés aux détenteurs des sûretés. Le système américain apporte sur certains aspects une réponse radicalement différente au même objectif de préservation de l’entreprise. Les prêteurs seront plus enclins à apporter leurs concours financiers dans un système juridique qui donnera effet à leurs accords. Les facteurs d’incertitude liés aux mécanismes de protection de crédit augmentent les coûts prudentiels des établissements de crédits et donc le coût du crédit. Les réformes du droit français des sûretés et des procédures françaises d’insolvabilité à venir devront en tenir compte. Classification JEL : G23, G28, K22.
L'efficacité de la dissuasion des opérations d'initiés
Authors: Obidzinski Marie
Published: June 2018

Cet article analyse la répression des opérations d'initiés dans le cadre de la théorie de la mise en œuvre publique du droit (Polinsky and Shavell, 2007). Il revient sur la justification de la répression des opérations d'initiés, puis s'interroge sur les modalités de la dissuasion. Il contribue ainsi au débat sur l'efficacité respective de la dissuasion des opérations d'initiés par une autorité administrative ou une juridiction pénale. Par ailleurs, il s'interroge sur l'intérêt de la communication autour des sanctions de l'autorité administrative. Cette communication peut renforcer le rôle dissuasif de la sanction via la stigmatisation, informer les acteurs du marché et modifier les croyances quant à la nocivité des opérations d'initiés. Cependant la stigmatisation est un outil à manier avec mesure et précaution de par les coûts sous-jacents en termes de désutilité du stigma, la nature aléatoire de ces coûts, l'augmentation du risque de récidive et son effet négatif sur la fiabilité des informations transmises par les condamnations si le standard de preuve utilisé est modéré (comme cela est généralement le cas pour les autorités administratives). Classification JEL : G14, G18, K14, K22, K42.
Les investisseurs de détail dans la législation européenne sur les valeurs mobilières : du principe de responsabilité de l'acheteur à la protection accrue des investisseurs
Authors: Gnoni Salvatore , Maijoor Steven , Vuarlot-Dignac Sophie
Published: June 2018

Cet article passe en revue les dispositions de la législation européenne en matière de protection des investisseurs de détail dans le cadre de la prestation de services d'investissement. Au fil du temps, l'UE a considérablement renforcé la protection des investisseurs de détail. Le principe de responsabilité de l'acheteur ( caveat emptor ) a été délaissé au profit d'un important renforcement de la protection des investisseurs. Entrée en vigueur il y a peu, la directive MiFID II comporte des mesures intrusives telles que des exigences en matière de gouvernance des produits et des pouvoirs d'intervention sur les produits. La nature transfrontalière des marchés financiers de l'UE ajoute encore à la complexité de la protection des investisseurs et il a donc été nécessaire de doter l'AEMF de divers outils assurant la convergence de la surveillance au sein de l'UE. Dans ce contexte, les évaluations menées par l'AEMF ont révélé la persistance de divergences des pratiques nationales de surveillance au sein de l'UE et d'une manière générale un nombre assez limité de décisions de sanctions. Pour terminer, cet article traite brièvement du droit des contrats. Dans ce domaine, les progrès en matière de convergence réglementaire sont nettement moins significatifs et d'importantes divergences persistent au sein de l'UE, notamment en ce qui concerne les possibilités de réparation pour les investisseurs de détail en cas de préjudice. Classification JEL : K22, G28, G18.
La soutenabilité de la dette publique française 2017-2027 et la hausse des taux d'intérêt
Authors: Gruson Pierre
Published: June 2018

Quels sont les efforts à engager pour s'assurer de la soutenabilité de la dette publique française à l'horizon 2027 ? La première partie analyse la dette publique française portée par des titres négociables sur les marchés, en termes d'encours, de maturité et de coupon moyen. L'examen de ces critères met en lumière les facteurs de sa sensibilité face à une hausse des taux d'intérêt. La seconde partie examine les tableaux de financement prévisionnels de l'État sur la période 2017-2027 et les conditions de son équilibre au travers de son endettement. Le recensement des titres de dettes permet d'identifier les besoins de financement à venir en fonction d'hypothèses sur le solde budgétaire primaire, la croissance et l'inflation. Les déficits annuels mis à jour génèrent de nouvelles émissions qui sont analysées en tenant compte des intérêts qui les accompagnent et alourdissent les conditions de l'équilibre financier. La simulation évalue les excédents budgétaires à réaliser pour assurer la soutenabilité de la dette dans les dix ans, selon que les taux sont stables ou en augmentation. Classification JEL : E43, E63, F34, G01, G18, H63, H68.
Université et pouvoir politique en Turquie
Authors: Seni Nora
Published: June 2018

Cet article questionne les effets de l’au-toritarisme du régime présidentiel de Recep Tayyip Erdogan sur les universités turques, la répression des enseignants, la disparition des libertés de penser et de transmettre indispensables au fonctionnement de l’ensei-gnement supérieur. Il interroge également l’influence cruciale des savants juifs allemands qui, contraints de quitter leur établissement lors de la montée du nazisme, sont venus enseigner à Istanbul et Ankara, et ont contribué de manière décisive à la fondation de l’université en Turquie.
Vincennes et le département de géographie
Authors: Lacoste Yves
Published: June 2018

L’université de Vincennes fut celle dont la création et le lieu d’implantation furent géopolitiques. Après les événements de 1968, il fallait réformer le système universitaire et rapidement construire un nouveau centre universitaire pour accueillir les étudiants du baby-boom. Dès ses débuts, « Vincennes » suscita, en France, de profondes et durables discordes entre universitaires. Ce que j’écris sur « Vincennes » ne porte que sur le département de géographie, et c’est là, de façon indépendante, qu’a pris forme huit ans plus tard, avec Béatrice Giblin, le projet d’ Hérodote , dans ce contexte de liberté d’enseignement et d’interdisciplinarité qui régnait à Vincennes. Le fait que je le dirige et que le secrétariat soit formé par un groupe d’anciens étudiants de Vincennes, dont Béatrice Giblin, suscita l’ironie de mes collègues professeurs à Vincennes. Hérodote a fait scandale dans la corporation des géographes, avant de devenir une revue de référence.
Agroécologie politique et nouvelle ruralité communautaire : quelles complémentarités ? L’expérience du Nicaragua
Authors: Metereau Renaud , Figuière Catherine
Published: June 2018

L’agroécologie politique se présente à la fois comme un mouvement radical, une discipline et un ensemble de pratiques. Parallèlement, la ruralité fait l’objet d’un renouvellement théorique. Les deux perspectives révèlent un intérêt partagé pour les questions d’autonomie, de diversification et d’autosuffisance. À partir d’une étude de terrain au Nicaragua, nous soutenons que les apports de la « nouvelle ruralité communautaire » peuvent constituer un cadre compréhensif pertinent pour les formes observées de pratiques agroécologiques.
Les motivations des agriculteurs pluriactifs du Nord-Pas-de-Calais
Authors: Ceriani-Baillif Clarisse , Djouak Amar
Published: June 2018

La pluriactivité est une stratégie agricole ancienne et longtemps dénigrée, qui concerne aujourd’hui de plus en plus d’agriculteurs. Cette étude s’intéresse aux motivations et aux attentes des pluriactifs de la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais et en propose une typologie. Nos résultats montrent que la pluriactivité est souvent une stratégie durable permettant d’accroître les revenus du ménage et de combiner des ambitions différentes. La préservation du patrimoine joue un rôle important et aboutit parfois à une pluriactivité « managériale » avec des exploitants qui interviennent peu dans la ferme. Lors de l’installation, beaucoup d’agriculteurs semblent envisager la pluriactivité de façon temporaire mais les motivations évoluent, pour beaucoup, vers une pluriactivité durable et satisfaisante.
L’Observatoire de la compétitivité durable (OCD), un instrument au service de l’émergence et de la diversification en Afrique
Authors: Plane Patrick
Published: June 2018

La compétitivité est une obsession quel que soit le niveau de développement. Les pays africains sont particulièrement sensibles au phénomène du fait des exigences de diversification et des besoins qui naissent de la croissance démographie. La Fondation pour les études et recherches sur le développement international ( ferdi ) a mis en place un Observatoire de la compétitivité durable ( ocd ) qui couvre l’ensemble de l’Afrique sur trois dimensions : vulnérabilités, attractivité et compétitivité-prix. L’article présente cet observatoire et situe son intérêt en traitant du renouveau de la Côte d’Ivoire.
Structure de classes et transformations rurales et agricoles : analyse des trajectoires des ménages de la Petite prospérité d’Itasy (Madagascar)
Authors: Andrianampiarivo Tsiry
Published: June 2018

Nous analysons les relations entre structuration sociale des milieux ruraux et transformation structurelle à Madagascar, en Itasy. La structure de classes de moyens d’existence et la classe de la Petite Prospérité constituent le cadre d’analyse pour étudier les trajectoires socio-économiques des ménages. Les résultats révèlent la structure profondément hétérogène de l’espace social en Itasy et la diversité des processus de transformation rurale et agricole qui y sont à l’œuvre. Ils montrent la réalité d’une société rurale à plusieurs vitesses qui nécessite l’adoption de politiques inclusives, adaptées à chaque profil de ménage.
The impact of organizational factors on-business adoption: An empirical analysis
Authors: García-Moreno Marta , García Moreno Susana María , Nájera-Sanchez Juan Jose , De Pablos-Heredero Carmen
Published: June 2018

Purpose: Provide empirical validation of the model developed by García Moreno et al. (2016) on the factors influencing the adoption of e-business in firms.Design/methodology/approach: Consideration is given to the method for measuring each one of the variables included in the model. Use has been made of the e-Business Watch database, which contains measures for the theoretical model’s three categories: firm, technology, and environment. Multinomial logistic regression models have been provided.Findings: The variables included have revealed significant statistical relationships for the model in question, although the intensity of the relationships differs. the variables related to the environment also reveal statistically significant relationships, whereby the attitude of trading partners appears to have a relevant and growing impact on e-business adoption.Research limitations/implications: Data come from just one database: the e-Business Watch database/enriched data from alternative databases could be included. Practical implications: The infrastructure of information and communications technologies (ICTs) is confirmed to be a determining factor in e-business development. Nevertheless, the effect of competitor rivalry has a more erratic influence that is encapsulated in a significant relationship in intermediate models, with a sharper increase in the likelihood of being in the category of customer-focused firms, and less internally focused.Social implications: The human capital linked to ICTs is a driving force behind the adoption of these practices. Albeit with a more moderate effect, note should also be taken of the capacity for entering into relationships with third parties within the scope of ICTs, with significant effects that become more robust as they are tested in models that seek to explain the probability of recording higher levels of e-business adoption. Originality/value: The article presents a first empirical analysis to apply the previous developed model published in this journal in 2016.
SEC-CMAC A New Message Authentication Code Based on the Symmetrical Evolutionist Ciphering Algorithm
Authors: Echandouri Bouchra , Omary Fouzia , Ziani Fatima Ezzahra , Sadak Anas
Published: June 2018

This article describes how the simplicity of data transmission made eavesdropping by malicious people easier. This became one the flaws of computer security that needs to be handled. In order to establish a secure data communication, many data security techniques were developed to ensure privacy, integrity and authenticity. One of the techniques developed was to fulfill authentication with a message authentication code (MAC) that was defined by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. It is still a powerful data integrity and authentication tool that provides better protection than error detection codes or checksums. In this article, the authors propose a new cipher-based message authentication code (CMAC) algorithm. Their proposed algorithm, termed SEC-CMAC, is based on a previously developed symmetric evolutionist ciphering algorithm named symmetrical evolutionist ciphering (SEC). Compared to the well-known previously developed MAC, their suggested algorithm proved to be robust and fulfill some security requirement by resisting an exhaustive key search and mac forgery attacks.
Macrophages Switch Their Phenotype by Regulating Maf Expression during Different Phases of Inflammation
Authors: Kikuchi Kenta , Iida Mayumi , Ikeda Naoki , Moriyama Shigetaka , Hamada Michito , Takahashi Satoru , Kitamura Hiroshi , Watanabe Takashi , Hasegawa Yoshinori , Hase Koji , Fukuhara Takeshi , Sato Hideyo , Kobayashi Eri H. , Suzuki Takafumi , Yamamoto Masayuki , Tanaka Masato , Asano Kenichi
Published: June 2018

Macrophages manifest distinct phenotype according to the organs in which they reside. In addition, they flexibly switch their character in adaptation to the changing environment. However, the molecular basis that explains the conversion of the macrophage phenotype has so far been unexplored. We find that CD169+ macrophages change their phenotype by regulating the level of a transcription factor Maf both in vitro and in vivo in C57BL/6J mice. When CD169+ macrophages were exposed to bacterial components, they expressed an array of acute inflammatory response genes in Maf-dependent manner and simultaneously start to downregulate Maf. This Maf suppression is dependent on accelerated degradation through proteasome pathway and microRNA-mediated silencing. The downregulation of Maf unlocks the NF-E2–related factor 2–dominant, cytoprotective/antioxidative program in the same macrophages. The present study provides new insights into the previously unanswered question of how macrophages initiate proinflammatory responses while retaining their capacity to repair injured tissues during inflammation.
Maximizing ozone signals among chemical, meteorological, and climatological variability
Authors: Brown-Steiner Benjamin , Selin Noelle E. , Prinn Ronald G. , Monier Erwan , Tilmes Simone , Emmons Louisa , Garcia-Menendez Fernando
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The detection of meteorological, chemical, or other signals in modeled or
observed air quality data – such as an estimate of a temporal trend in
surface ozone data, or an estimate of the mean ozone of a particular region
during a particular season – is a critical component of modern atmospheric
chemistry. However, the magnitude of a surface air quality signal is
generally small compared to the magnitude of the underlying chemical,
meteorological, and climatological variabilities (and their interactions)
that exist both in space and in time, and which include variability in
emissions and surface processes. This can present difficulties for both
policymakers and researchers as they attempt to identify the influence or
signal of climate trends (e.g., any pauses in warming trends), the impact
of enacted emission reductions policies (e.g., United States
NOx State Implementation Plans), or an estimate of the mean
state of highly variable data (e.g., summertime ozone over the northeastern
United States). Here we examine the scale dependence of the variability of
simulated and observed surface ozone data within the United States and the
likelihood that a particular choice of temporal or spatial averaging scales
produce a misleading estimate of a particular ozone signal. Our main
objective is to develop strategies that reduce the likelihood of
overconfidence in simulated ozone estimates. We find that while increasing
the extent of both temporal and spatial averaging can enhance signal
detection capabilities by reducing the noise from variability, a
strategic combination of particular temporal and spatial averaging scales can
maximize signal detection capabilities over much of the continental US. For
signals that are large compared to the meteorological variability (e.g.,
strong emissions reductions), shorter averaging periods and smaller spatial
averaging regions may be sufficient, but for many signals that are smaller
than or comparable in magnitude to the underlying meteorological variability,
we recommend temporal averaging of 10–15 years combined with some level of
spatial averaging (up to several hundred kilometers). If this level of
averaging is not practical (e.g., the signal being examined is at a local
scale), we recommend some exploration of the spatial and temporal variability
to provide context and confidence in the robustness of the result. These
results are consistent between simulated and observed data, as well as within a
single model with different sets of parameters. The strategies selected in
this study are not limited to surface ozone data and could potentially
maximize signal detection capabilities within a broad array of climate and
chemical observations or model output.
High-molecular-weight esters in α-pinene ozonolysis secondary organic aerosol: structural characterization and mechanistic proposal for their formation from highly oxygenated molecules
Authors: Kahnt Ariane , Vermeylen Reinhilde , Iinuma Yoshiteru , Safi Shalamzari Mohammad , Maenhaut Willy , Claeys Magda
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Stable high-molecular-weight esters are present in α-pinene ozonolysis
secondary organic aerosol (SOA) with the two most abundant ones corresponding
to a hydroxypinonyl ester of cis-pinic acid with a molecular
weight (MW) of 368 (C19H28O7) and a diaterpenylic ester of
cis-pinic acid with a MW of 358 (C17H26O8). However,
their molecular structures are not completely elucidated and their
relationship with highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs) in the gas phase is
still unclear. In this study, liquid chromatography in combination with
positive ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry has been performed on
high-molecular-weight esters present in α-pinene ozonolysis SOA with
and without derivatization into methyl esters. Unambiguous evidence could be
obtained for the molecular structure of the MW 368 ester in that it
corresponds to an ester of cis-pinic acid where the carboxyl
substituent of the dimethylcyclobutane ring and not the methylcarboxyl
substituent is esterified with 7-hydroxypinonic acid. The same linkage was
already proposed in previous work for the MW 358 ester (Yasmeen et al.,
2010), but could be supported in the present study. Guided by the molecular
structures of these stable esters, we propose a formation mechanism from
gas-phase HOMs that takes into account the formation of an unstable
C19H28O11 product, which is detected as a major species in
α-pinene ozonolysis experiments as well as in the pristine forest
atmosphere by chemical ionization–atmospheric pressure ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry with nitrate clustering (Ehn et al., 2012,
2014). It is suggested that an acyl peroxy radical related to
cis-pinic acid (RO2⚫) and an alkoxy radical related to
7- or 5-hydroxypinonic acid (R′O⚫) serve as key gas-phase radicals
and combine according to a
RO2 + R′O⚫ → RO3R′ radical
termination reaction. Subsequently, the unstable C19H28O11
HOM species decompose through the loss of oxygen or ketene from the inner
part containing a labile trioxide function and the conversion of the unstable
acyl hydroperoxide groups to carboxyl groups, resulting in stable esters with
a molecular composition of C19H28O7 (MW 368) and
C17H26O8 (MW 358), respectively. The proposed mechanism is
supported by several observations reported in the literature. On the basis of
the indirect evidence presented in this study, we hypothesize that
RO2 + R′O⚫ → RO3R′ chemistry is at
the underlying molecular basis of high-molecular-weight ester formation upon
α-pinene ozonolysis and may thus be of importance for new particle
formation and growth in pristine forested environments.
Seasonal patterns in phytoplankton biomass across the northern and deep Gulf of Mexico: a numerical model study
Authors: Gomez Fabian A. , Lee Sang-Ki , Liu Yanyun , Hernandez Jr. Frank J. , Muller-Karger Frank E. , Lamkin John T.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Biogeochemical models that simulate realistic lower-trophic-level
dynamics, including the representation of main phytoplankton and
zooplankton functional groups, are valuable tools for improving our
understanding of natural and anthropogenic disturbances in marine ecosystems.
Previous three-dimensional biogeochemical modeling studies in the northern
and deep Gulf of Mexico (GoM) have used only one phytoplankton and one
zooplankton type. To advance our modeling capability of the GoM ecosystem and
to investigate the dominant spatial and seasonal patterns of phytoplankton
biomass, we configured a 13-component biogeochemical model that explicitly
represents nanophytoplankton, diatoms, micro-, and mesozooplankton. Our model
outputs compare reasonably well with observed patterns in chlorophyll,
primary production, and nutrients over the Louisiana–Texas shelf and deep GoM
region. Our model suggests silica limitation of diatom growth in the deep GoM
during winter and near the Mississippi delta during spring. Model
nanophytoplankton growth is weakly nutrient limited in the Mississippi delta
year-round and strongly nutrient limited in the deep GoM during summer. Our
examination of primary production and net phytoplankton growth from the model
indicates that the biomass losses, mainly due to zooplankton grazing, play an
important role in modulating the simulated seasonal biomass patterns of
nanophytoplankton and diatoms. Our analysis further shows that the dominant
physical process influencing the local rate of change of model phytoplankton
is horizontal advection in the northern shelf and vertical mixing in the
deep GoM. This study highlights the need for an integrated analysis of
biologically and physically driven biomass fluxes to better understand
phytoplankton biomass phenologies in the GoM.
The glacial isostatic adjustment signal at present day in northern Europe and the British Isles estimated from geodetic observations and geophysical models
Authors: Simon Karen M. , Riva Riccardo E. M. , Kleinherenbrink Marcel , Frederikse Thomas
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) signal at present day is constrained via the joint inversion of geodetic observations and GIA models for a region encompassing northern Europe, the British Isles, and the Barents Sea. The constraining data are Global Positioning System (GPS) vertical crustal velocities and GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) gravity data. When the data are inverted with a set of GIA models, the best-fit model for the vertical motion signal has a χ2 value of approximately 1 and a maximum a posteriori uncertainty of 0.3–0.4 mm yr−1. An elastic correction is applied to the vertical land motion rates that accounts for present-day changes to terrestrial hydrology as well as recent mass changes of ice sheets and glaciered regions. Throughout the study area, mass losses from Greenland dominate the elastic vertical signal and combine to give an elastic correction of up to +0.5 mm yr−1 in central Scandinavia. Neglecting to use an elastic correction may thus introduce a small but persistent bias in model predictions of GIA vertical motion even in central Scandinavia where vertical motion is dominated by GIA due to past glaciations. The predicted gravity signal is generally less well-constrained than the vertical signal, in part due to uncertainties associated with the correction for contemporary ice mass loss in Svalbard and the Russian Arctic. The GRACE-derived gravity trend is corrected for present-day ice mass loss using estimates derived from the ICESat and CryoSat missions, although a difference in magnitude between GRACE-inferred and altimetry-inferred regional mass loss rates suggests the possibility of a non-negligible GIA response here either from millennial-scale or Little Ice Age GIA.
Bathymetric controls on calving processes at Pine Island Glacier
Authors: Arndt Jan Erik , Larter Robert D. , Friedl Peter , Gohl Karsten , Höppner Kathrin ,   the Science Team of Expedition PS104
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Pine Island Glacier is the largest current Antarctic contributor to sea-level
rise. Its ice loss has substantially increased over the last 25 years through
thinning, acceleration and grounding line retreat. However, the calving line
positions of the stabilising ice shelf did not show any trend within the
observational record (last 70 years) until calving in 2015 led to
unprecedented retreat and changed the alignment of the calving front.
Bathymetric surveying revealed a ridge below the former ice shelf and two
shallower highs to the north. Satellite imagery shows that ice contact on the
ridge was likely lost in 2006 but was followed by intermittent contact
resulting in back stress fluctuations on the ice shelf. Continuing ice-shelf
flow also led to occasional ice-shelf contact with the northern bathymetric
highs, which initiated rift formation that led to calving. The observations
show that bathymetry is an important factor in initiating calving events.
Evaluation of Uncommon Natural Fertilizers Resources for Grapevine Production Grown in Desert Soil
Authors: MAHMOUD ABDEL WAHAB M. , ALY ELEZABY AHMED , A. Z. A HASSAN,
Published: June 2018

To economically evaluate production in terms of quality and quantity in newly reclaimed area of desert under drip irrigation system an investigation was conducted for two consecutive seasons in a vineyard to scrutinize the effects of natural zeolite loaded nitrogen, biochar, biofertilizers, nano rice husk with and without nitrogen and organic fertilizer as well as combination of them in comparison to vines fertilized with chemical recommended dose of NPK as control on growth, and chemical components of Superior seedless grapevine cultivar (Vitis vinifera L). The outcome data revealed that, mixed between natural zeolite loaded nitrogen, biochar, biofertilizers (Bacillus megaterium and Azotobacter chroococcum), rice husk loaded nitrogen and compost in one mixed treatment led to significant increase in vegetative growth as well as chemical ingredients. Moreover, mixed treatment markedly improved soil chemical and physical properties. Present results confirmed that, mixture of zeolite loaded nitrogen, biochar, biofertilizers, nano rice husk loaded nitrogen and organic fertilizers could supply grape with all essential and beneficial nutrients to achieve high yield with desired market criteria alongside reducing economic costs which reflected from evaluation of investment factor and decline pollution of our ecosystem.
GENETIC EVALUATION OF SEED GERMINATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SEEDLINGS IN Ormosia excelsa Benth
Authors: Tomaz Jennifer Souza , Lopes Maria Teresa Gomes , Valente Mágno Sávio Ferreira , Lima Júnior Manuel De Jesus Vieira , Muniz Graciela Inês Bolzón de , Rosado Sulianne Idalior Paião
Published: June 2018

The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters of Ormosia excelsa seeds based on germination traits, at different temperatures, in order to facilitate the selection of superior varieties of seeds for producing seedlings. Twenty six progenies collected in the municipality of Autazes (state of Amazonas, Brazil) were evaluated. The experiment was completely randomized, with four replications and 25 seeds per plot, totaling 100 seeds per progeny. The germination rate, mean germination time and the synchronization and speed germination indexes were determined at the temperatures of 30 and 35 °C. Seedling development was also evaluated under nursery conditions. The progenies of O. excelsa showed significant genetic variability for all traits. Both temperatures proved to be effective in producing germination close to 87%. Germination began between 1 and 4 days after sowing. However, for greater efficiency in the selection of superior progenies, each environment should be considered individually. The high heritability values obtained (> 65%) and the high genetic correlation favorable for selection, among all traits, resulted in significant gains according to the selection process used. Our results indicated that determining superior progenies for height and number of leaves was possible based on a single evaluation. The fact that 100% of seedlings planted in the field survived promotes a promising outlook to set up commercial nurseries for the species.
SEED DEPOSITION BY BIRDS ON ARTIFICIAL PERCHES AT DIFFERENT DISTANCES FROM A GALLERY FOREST IN THE CERRADO AREA
Authors: Oliveira Ademir Kleber Morbeck , Bocchese Ricardo Anghinoni , Pereira Kátia Raulickis Fortes , Carvalho Thiago Dutra
Published: June 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the deposition of seeds under artificial perches located at different distances from a gallery forest in the Cerrado area in the city of Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The experiment was carried out at the Fazenda Escola Três Barras where 20 crude eucalyptus artificial perches were deployed at distances of 10, 20, 40 and 80 meters from the edge of a 400 meter long forest. Data collection was performed every two weeks for a period of one year. A bird survey was carried out at the same time and a total of 190 hours of direct observation were made. Overall, 21,283 seeds were collected beneath the perches; these came from 27 plant species, with the most abundant representation from the pioneer tree species Cecropia pachystachya, Miconia elegans and Myrsine coriacea (93.31% of total seeds). The survey of birds identified 77 species, with a predominance of insectivorous and omnivorous types. The results indicated that perches installed at the greatest distance from the forest area yielded a lower seed deposition rate, demonstrating that distance determines the effectiveness of the artificial perches, although they are still able to attract some bird species. The results of the experiment demonstrated that use of artificial perches is an effective method to promote the deposition of seeds in areas without tree vegetation, favoring the creation of a seed bank.
DIAMETRIC GROWTH AND PROPERTIES OF Copaifera langsdorffii DESF. BY SECOND CUTTING CYCLE
Authors: Do Carmo Jair Figueiredo , Latorraca João Vicente De Figueiredo , Santos Glaycianne Christine Vieira dos , Carmo Fábio Henrique Della Justina do , Miranda Dirceu Lúcio Carneiro de , Lousada José Luis Penetra Cerveira
Published: June 2018

The aim of this study was to analyze forest management effects in the diametric growth and wood anatomical, chemical and physical properties of Copaifera langsdorffii trees, in an Ombrophilous Open Forest (state of Mato Grosso, Brazil). The forest management effects were determined through a comparative study between the wood properties of 10 years before and 10 years after the first logging, in 1987. Multivariate associations among the anatomical characteristics, macro and micronutrient, wood density, and current annual increment (ICA) were evaluated to every growth period through the two steps cluster analysis. The results indicated that the following characteristics were relevant to distinct the periods studied: ICA, vessel frequency, and wood density. C. langsdorffii respond to stimuli caused by forest management, adapting to the increase of resources availability, due to the opening gaps, and showing growth increase with reduction of wood density, which may indicate variations on the wood properties.
Ethical Leadership Measures for Public Service in Sri Lanka
Authors: Wijesekera A.T. , Fernando R. Lalitha S.
Published: June 2018

A lack of concern on ethics in public administration may be considered the biggest barrier to quality service delivery. Many efforts have been made to promote ethical standards between public servants. Among those efforts, improving leadership skills can prove to be effective in promoting ethics in public service (Hart 2001).Therefore, ethical leadership behavior is very vital as that ensures ethical guidance. In order to identify the ethical leadership behavior of the public sector, customized measures are essential. This study describes the process of development of a 30-item instrument for measuring ethical leadership behavior in the public service with reference to Divisional Secretariats in Sri Lanka. According to Hinkin's (1998) recommendations in items generating both qualitative and quantitative methods were utilized. First observed the articles which were published related to ethical leadership and examined to find items and dimensions. A focus group discussion was conducted with 20 in-depth interviews to generate additional items to determine whether additional dimensions of ethical leadership would emerge. Based on these two steps, the researcher found 30-items with five dimensions. They were fairness, employee orientation, role clariﬁcation, integrity and ethical guidance. These 30-items were included in a questionnaire and a quantitative study was undertaken with 100 respondents employed in the Divisional Secretariats within Gampatha District. Reliability test and factor analysis were used to ensure reliability and validity of this measures. Finally, these 30-items were loaded to four dimensions. Such as people orientation, integrity, ethical guidance and role clarification.
De participatiemythe; een drieluik over dubieuze beleidsassumpties
Authors: Trommel Willem
Published: June 2018

The myth of participation; a triptych on dubious policy assumptions

This article argues that the politics of participation, as it is currently implemented in Dutch society, departs from dubious policy assumptions. The main problems relate to a controversial idea of what societal resilience is about, which in turn is a side-effect of the neoliberal conception of man and society. In particular three policy assumptions seem contested, regarding respectively the self-governance norm, the required levels of trust, and the presence of a ‘loving culture’. While discussing these three topics, the article also introduces three contributions to this special issue, which will focus in more detail on the poverty of the assumptions underlying the participation paradigm.
Los trabajos de fin de grado (TFG) como innovación en el EEES. Una propuesta de tarea colaborativa basada en la tutoría piramidal
Authors: Gómez Parra M. Elena , Serrano Rodríguez Rocío , Amor Almedina M.ª Isabel , Huertas Abril Cristina A.
Published: June 2018

El Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior y la implantación de las nuevas titulaciones han generado una serie de cambios en el sistema universitario español, entre los cuales encontramos la elaboración del trabajo de fin de grado como culminación del proceso formativo.Esta investigación se enmarca en un proyecto de innovación con el objetivo de fomentar el aprendizaje colaborativo y la tutoría piramidal en la elaboración del TFG, en el que en el curso 2014-2015 participaron 31 alumnos de los grados de Educación Infantil y Primaria y 5 profesoras de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Córdoba.Para conocer sus beneficios y evaluar su desarrollo, hemos realizado un estudio mediante una metodología descriptiva que combina la utilización de instrumentos observacionales y rúbricas para la recogida de datos. El análisis y la interpretación de las informaciones tiene lugar mediante un sistema de triangulación de fuentes (observación participante, entrevistas y grupos de discusión) y del programa de análisis cualitativo Nudist Nvivo.Los resultados revelan que la experiencia fue muy positiva y enriquecedora. Se deduce la necesidad de continuar con propuestas en esta línea, con el propósito de aumentar los beneficios en el aprendizaje del alumnado y en la evaluación de los TFG elaborados.
ATR-FTIR-based fingerprinting of some Cucurbitaceae extracts: a preliminary study
Authors: Kukula-Koch Wirginia , Grzybek Maciej , Strachecka Aneta , Jaworska Aleksandra , Ludwiczuk Agnieszka
Published: June 2018

The attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) fingerprinting of some selected cucurbits was performed on three types of seed extracts (alcoholic, cold-water, and hot-water) in order to elaborate a characteristic FTIR profile of their family representatives and to determine their biochemical content. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed on Cucumis melo subsp. melo var. inodorus, Cucurbita pepo, C. maxima, C. pepo var. cylindrica, C. maxima subsp. maxima convar. maxima ‘Hokkaido’ to determine the similarities between their seed extracts. The ethanol extract of the C. pepo seeds was different from the other seed extracts because in addition to esters, it contained free fatty acids, which could influence its pharmacological activity. The main variable differentiating the extracts was the absorption band at 2,920–2,925 cm−1, which represented saturated fatty acids. The obtained results were analyzed by various statistical tools to evaluate the fingerprints of the selected species of cucurbits.
Book Review: America’s Changing Neighborhoods: An Exploration of Diversity through Places
Authors: Veitch Madeline
Published: June 2018

Reference sources across the humanities have a bad habit of presenting monolithic entries on ethnic, racial, and cultural groups. While often acknowledging the omissions and sweeping generalizations made in topical articles framed around the experiences of “Asian Americans” or “Latinos,” often authors fail to capture the varied and intersectional experiences of lives lived not in identity groups, but cities and towns with unique social, geographic, and political landscapes. America’s Changing Neighborhoods presents an important departure, providing useful information about the histories of geographically based communities formed and shaped by current and past migrations.
Book Review: Finding the Fountain of Youth: The Science and Controversy behind Extending Life and Cheating Death
Authors: Mittenberg Valerie
Published: June 2018

The untimely death of his wife inspired Aharon W. Zorea to write about the universal desire to extend life. Dr. Zorea had touched briefly on the topic of antiaging in Steroids (Greenwood, 2014), a reference book in which he outlined the medical and social debates surrounding the use of steroids to enhance human performance. In Finding the Fountain of Youth: The Science and Controversy behind Extending Life and Cheating Death, he traces the history of humankind’s obsession with youth and longevity, and he provides fascinating perspectives from myth, religion, philosophy, science, and sociology.
Book Review: Russian Revolution of 1917: The Essential Reference Guide
Authors: Hudson Chris G.
Published: June 2018

Kalic and Brown’s Russian Revolution of 1917 was one of a handful of works published last year undoubtedly to coincide with the centennial anniversary of the historic event which it considers. Anyone familiar with “Essential Reference Guides” from ABC-CLIO will find this relatively nimble tome (only 257 pages) to be another reliable entry in the series. Sandwiched between three introductory overview essays and an assorted collection of over twenty English translated letters, correspondences, and other assorted primary source materials are the main ingredients of nearly one hundred traditional A–Z subject entries.
Book Review: The Great Depression and the New Deal: Key Themes and Documents
Authors: Lincove David
Published: June 2018

Olsen and Gumpert designed this new book to serve the ready reference needs of “advanced high school and early undergraduate readers” (vii), but they emphasize support for high school advanced placement US history classes and the Common Core curriculum. The content of the book covers the period from the Stock Market crash in October 1929 until the beginning of World War II in September 1939, but the focus on “key themes” means that the authors do not seek the broad topical scope of an encyclopedia.
Testing intergroup threat theory: Realistic and symbolic threats, religiosity and gender as predictors of prejudice
Authors: Makashvili Ana , Vardanashvili Irina , Javakhishvili Nino
Published: June 2018

The complex phenomenon of prejudice has been the focus of interest among social psychologists since the mid-20th century. The Intergroup Threat Theory (ITT) is one of the most efficient theoretical frameworks to identify the triggers of prejudice. In this study, using experimental design, we examined the effects of symbolic and realistic threats on prejudice that was measured by means of a modified social distance scale. The study participants were 611 undergraduate students from the country of Georgia. In addition to providing further support for ITT, the study showed that the level of religiosity moderated the effects between both types of threats and prejudice, although it had different indications for realistic and symbolic threats, while gender interacted only with symbolic threat. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Pegada hídrica como medida sustentável na produção de Metarhizium Anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok para a canavicultura
Authors: Lorenzon Thiziane Helen , Machado Filho Luiz Carlos , Neves Sandra Mara Alves da Silva , Xavier Rogério Pontes
Published: June 2018

Em tempos de busca pela sustentabilidade hídrica faz-se essencial o desenvolvimento de técnicas e aplicações de métodos de reuso de água em sistemas produtivos. O consumo de água em áreas de suporte da cadeia produtiva da cana-de-açúcar é fator fundamental no desperdício hídrico, cujos estudos de potencialização da pegada hídrica são incipientes. Objetivou-se aplicar um sistema de reuso de água no processo de produção do fungo Metarhizium anisopliae, visando à otimização da pegada hídrica no controle biológico da cigarrinha no cultivo da cana-de-açúcar. O estudo deu-se em laboratório de produção de fungos de uma usina sucroenergética situada no município de Nova Olímpia, estado de Mato Grosso. Quantificou-se o consumo de água e seu desperdício relacionado a cada atividade, através de testes expeditos. A implantação do reuso de água no sistema de destilação, principal agente do desperdício, reduziu o consumo em 51,21%. O processo produtivo colaborou com cerca de 97% da oferta de água de reuso mensal. Esse valor poderia suprir de maneira individual toda a necessidade mensal de água do laboratório (37.980 litros). Embora não opere em circuito fechado, se testes de potabilidade fossem adotados, o sistema poderia ser modificado para este fim, tornando-o sustentável. A adoção de medidas de reuso de água, portanto, apresentou-se como uma técnica eficiente à conservação da água e a consequente melhoria da pegada hídrica azul como forma de medida de sustentabilidade ambiental.
Taking spoofs seriously: Spoofs as counter-narratives in volunteer discourse
Authors: Maagaard Cindie , Lundholt Marianne Wolff
Published: June 2018

This article explores how the theoretical framework of “counter-narrative” can be a resource for the analysis of spoofing videos. Using spoofs deployed by activist organizations to critique Western aid appeals and “voluntourism,” we 1) investigate the intertextual mechanisms of spoof videos as counter-narrative and how spoofers borrow generic conventions and use them to create alternative narratives, and 2) discuss the consequences of their cultural depictions, for example, for the discourse of volunteering, which we examine here, particularly in light of tendencies toward self-reflecting campaigns identified by Chouliaraki (2013). Through these understandings, we draw lessons about the counter-narrative potential of spoofs used as critique and edification and their ambivalent status as counter-narratives. As critiques, they may hold a mirror to viewers’ self-perceptions and motivations. Yet, this self-reflexive strategy carries the risk of self-congratulatory complicity with the genres they seek to critique and the discourses and power relations upon which they depend
Defending against the advanced persistent threat: Detection of disguised executable files
Authors: Ghafir Ibrahim , Hammoudeh Mohammad , Prenosil Vaclav
Published: June 2018

Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) is one of the most serious types of cyber attacks, which is a new and more complex version of multi-step attack. Within the APT life cycle, the most common technique used to get the point of entry is spear-phishing emails which may contain disguised executable files. This paper presents the disguised executable file detection (DeFD) module, which aims at detecting disguised exe files transferred over the connections. The detection is based on a comparison between the MIME type of the transferred file and the file name extension. This module was experimentally evaluated and the results show successful detection of disguised executable files.
Group II intron inhibits conjugative relaxase expression in bacteria by mRNA targeting
Authors: Qu Guosheng , Piazza Carol Lyn , Smith Dorie , Belfort Marlene
Published: June 2018

Group II introns are mobile ribozymes that are rare in bacterial genomes, often cohabiting with various mobile elements, and seldom interrupting housekeeping genes. What accounts for this distribution has not been well understood. Here, we demonstrate that Ll.LtrB, the group II intron residing in a relaxase gene on a conjugative plasmid from Lactococcus lactis, inhibits its host gene expression and restrains the naturally cohabiting mobile element from conjugative horizontal transfer. We show that reduction in gene expression is mainly at the mRNA level, and results from the interaction between exon-binding sequences (EBSs) in the intron and intron-binding sequences (IBSs) in the mRNA. The spliced intron targets the relaxase mRNA and reopens ligated exons, causing major mRNA loss. Taken together, this study provides an explanation for the distribution and paucity of group II introns in bacteria, and suggests a potential force for those introns to evolve into spliceosomal introns.