bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining Factors Influencing Female Labor Force Participation in the South Caucasus
Authors: Bakhtavoryan Rafael , Zohrabyan Tatevik
Published: February 2024

The effects of various socio-economic variables on female labor force participation were examined by estimating a logit model for Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. The data obtained from the Caucasus Barometer household survey for 2010 conducted by the Caucasus Research Resource Center (CRRC) regional offices were used. The sample consisted of female respondents aged 18 or older. According to the estimation results, residing in the capital city was inversely related to female labor force participation in Armenia. Having at least higher education and secondary technical education positively affected female labor force participation in Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. In Armenia, being divorced or separated or widowed was positively associated with female labor force participation. Having monthly household income of $401 or more positively impacted female labor force participation in Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. An attitude of rather agreeing with the statement that men should have more right to a job when jobs are scarce was negatively associated with female labor force participation in Armenia and Georgia. An attitude of completely agreeing with the statement that men should have more right to a job in case of job scarcity was negatively associated with female labor force participation in Azerbaijan. A negative relationship was found between age and female labor force participation in Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. Finally, household size and female labor force participation were negatively related in Azerbaijan.
Georgian Historical Realities in Julier Chevalier’s Noah’s Grandchildren
Authors: Nikoleishvili Otari
Published: February 2024

The novel Noah’s Grandchildren by Julier Chevalier, an American writer of the first part of 20th century, has made an outstanding contribution not only in the field of literature, but in history as well. The novel, however, by far, surpasses many well-known facts taken from the history of Georgia and brings attention to the legends of important historical value. On account of the novel not being translated, it has hardly ever been accessible to people who have deep interest in it. Noah’s Grandchildren has remained inaccessible not only to the masses of Georgian readers but it has missed the attention of specialists too.In the novel, the action takes place at the beginning of 20th century. The novel depicts the major economic-political events and the reality of the Democratic Republic of Georgia. To a certain extent Georgia fights its way against Soviet Russia, which ends in annexation of the country by Russian invaders. Furthermore, it leads to the emigration of the government of Democratic Republic of Georgia.The American writer narrates impressive episodes from the history of our country (the Christianization of Georgians by St. Nino, the origination of the Georgian alphabet, etc). The descriptions of the living conditions of Georgians and their ethnographic traditions are given specific significance here.
Accession of the European Union to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms: The Second Unsuccessful Attempt
Authors: Mirianashvili George
Published: February 2024

The article provides an overview of the impediments of the European Union accession process to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and assesses the prospects of completion of this process. Accession of the EU to the European Convention is the substantive issue of the European political agenda. It is going on for about 45 years. The first attempt of accession of the EU to the European Convention failed. Significant political and legal steps were taken within the frameworks of the COE and the EU for provision of accession. Notwithstanding the fact that the political decision on accession is already made, the legal systems of the European Convention and the EU are harmonized, accession cannot be completed in legal manner yet. Failure of the second attempt of accession of the EU to the European Convention is due to the European Court of Justice.
Lingual Worldview and Cognition
Authors: Chkheidze Maia
Published: February 2024

The systematic character of the universe and the nature of synchronic level give rise to the possibility of identifying similarities and differences between invariant and variant relations, while the diachronic level provides the possibility of defining the relationship between the system elements and the potential of historical development of the mentioned elements. Any language possesses its own style of conceptualization. Accordingly, each language creates its own worldview. The language represents the essential means of developing the knowledge about the universe. In reflecting the reality, the speaker manifests the results of the word cognition. The sum of the knowledge represented in the lingual form is considered to be “the lingual representation of the world”, in other words, “lingual world model” or “lingual worldview”.
Corpus-based Approaches in Teaching ESP Terminologies (Medical terminology)
Authors: Kutalia Ekaterine , Kutalia Maka
Published: February 2024

The paper is devoted to corpus-based approaches to teaching ESP terminologies. The most essential advantage of applying corpora in foreign language teaching is its empirical basis, constant updating, and availability of proof of using a lexical unit in different meanings. All of these factors positively affect the process of learning, stimulate students to enhance their knowledge of language, show them and teach them vital self-education skills. The given work deals with teaching ESP terminologies via monolingual and multilingual corpora, work with parallel corpora containing frequency and collocation related data.This paper is also devoted to some theoretical considerations and practical suggestions that can be applied in any other field of teaching specialized vocabulary, since teaching specialized vocabulary/ terminology is an integral, and probably the most important, part of ESP lessons where students study English through a field that is already known and relevant to them to a certain degree – depending on their educational level.

Problems of selecting, presenting and practicing terms will be approached from both theoretical and practical pointsof view. Examples and conclusions will be based on teaching ESP terminologies.Most of the linguists and methodologists point to the following important considerations when discussing ESP teaching in general: differences between General English and Specialized English; importance of corpus-based approaches in teaching ESP terminologies approaches to effective learning and roles of the teacher;
Efectividad de las intervenciones comunitarias para la reducción de violencia en juventudes vulnerables
Authors: Chávez Valdez Sarah Margarita , Velasco Moreno Leticia Guadalupe Ríos
Published: February 2024

Con el propósito de determinar la efectividad de diversos programas de prevención de violencia en juventudes, que brindaran respaldo empírico y estrategias para zonas de alto riesgo, se realizó una revisión sistemática en diversas bases de datos que aseguraran validez y calidad para el desarrollo de programas en juventudes vulnerables. Se revisaron estudios publicados desde 1999 hasta 2019, encontrando un total de 90 títulos y resúmenes tras una revisión por pares, de los cuales, se seleccionaron 42 artículos que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión y de exclusión. Finalmente se seleccionaron 10 estudios donde se evaluaron las variables de: dinámicas de grupo, juventudes, cambio social, violencia. Algunas de las bases de datos consultadas fueron: REDALYC, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, Web of Science y Science Direct, así como, en revistas de alto impacto, tales como: Acta Colombiana de Psicología, Evaluación Psicológica, Prevention Science. Se reportan y clasifican los estudios según criterios de validez y calidad de la American Psychological Association (APA) como intervenciones con fundamentos empíricos prevalentes. Los  artículos seleccionados asocian la variable conductas violentas como efectiva en su reducción en: programas con mentores, policía comunitaria (apoyo integral entre vecinos, comunidad y asociaciones civiles), programas con padres de familia.
Los resultados indican algunos elementos trascendentes que se deben toman en consideración para la construcción de un programa de intervención exitoso, entre otros es funcional y altamente efectivo implementar programas con mentores en las escuelas e instituciones, la inclusión de todas las personas relevantes de una comunidad para que el programa funciones, tales como; la policía comunitaria, vecinos, agentes sociales como, por ejemplo, sacerdotes, maestros y sobre todo la familia en general. Las dinámicas grupales e intervenciones comunitarias con Jóvenes, resaltan las que presentan tener índices más altos de efectividad en la disminución de conductas violentas y resultan ser aquellas dirigidas a mentores o tutores, las intervenciones integrales comunitarias que abordan a la comunidad de jóvenes enlazando a la policía comunitaria, vecinos y asociaciones civiles y aquellas extracurriculares con duración mayor a seis meses dirigidas a tutores o padres de familia.
Condiciones de trabajo por género y sobreeducación de egresado(a)s de educación superior en México
Authors: Castro Zazueta Nancy Pamela , Estrada Ledesma Nancy Rubí , Gómez González Oscar , Santoyo Telles Felipe
Published: February 2024

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar diferencias de condiciones laborales por género y sobreeducación, en de una muestra de egresados de educación superior. El diseño fue cuantitativo, no experimental y trasversal, con alcance comparativo. Se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico consecutivo accidental. Participaron 1,112 trabajadores egresados de educación superior de distintos estados de la República Mexicana, que respondieron un formulario en línea. A partir de los datos recabados se hicieron pruebas de comparación de frecuencias y medianas. Los hallazgos sugieren condiciones laborales diferenciales por género en torno al ingreso económico y satisfacción laboral, que están a favor de los varones y egresados con ajuste educativo (sin sobreeducación). Así mismo, se encontró una mayor proporción de formalidad laboral entre las mujeres egresadas con ajuste educativo, que entre las egresadas con sobreeducación.
Dilemas sobre la participación colombiana en el mercado internacional de Cannabis
Authors: Bejarano Daza José Ignacio , Correa Martínez César Alberto
Published: February 2024

La presente investigación busca reflexionar acerca del actual estado de participación de Colombia en el mercado internacional de cannabis. Esto a la luz de la más reciente norma emitida por el gobierno colombiano en esta materia. Para tal fin, se piensa realizar una mirada histórica a varios de los mandamientos jurídicos emitidos en Colombia en relación con el cannabis y hacer un ejercicio comparativo con los ordenamientos jurídicos desarrollados en Canadá y Uruguay. La investigación va a permitir analizar la temática más allá del texto jurídico plasmado en la ley, incluyendo la postura política y órganos de poder y, de esta forma, acercarnos a los procesos que precedieron la emisión de dichas normas y a la connotación que han tenido estas transformaciones jurídicas en la participación de estos países en el mercado internacional de cannabis.
Machine Learning and Cryptanalysis: An In-Depth Exploration of Current Practices and Future Potential
Authors: Singh Ajeet , Sivangi Kaushik Bhargav , Tentu Appala Naidu
Published: February 2024

The rapidly evolving landscape of cryptanalysis necessitates an urgent and detailed exploration of the high-degree non-linear functions that govern the relationships between plaintext, key, and encrypted text. Historically, the complexity of these functions has posed formidable challenges to cryptanalysis. However, the advent of deep learning, supported by advanced computational resources, has revolutionized the potential for analyzing encrypted data in its raw form. This is a crucial development, given that the core principle of cryptosystem design is to eliminate discernible patterns, thereby necessitating the analysis of unprocessed encrypted data. Despite its critical importance, the integration of machine learning, and specifically deep learning, into cryptanalysis has been relatively unexplored. Deep learning algorithms stand out from traditional machine learning approaches by directly processing raw data, thus eliminating the need for predefined feature selection or extraction. This research underscores the transformative role of neural networks in aiding cryptanalysts in pinpointing vulnerabilities in ciphers by training these networks with data that accentuates inherent weaknesses alongside corresponding encryption keys. Our study represents an investigation into the feasibility and effectiveness of employing machine learning, deep learning, and innovative random optimization techniques in cryptanalysis. Furthermore, it provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art advancements in this field over the past few years. The findings of this research are not only pivotal for the field of cryptanalysis but also hold significant implications for the broader realm of data security.
Implementasi Behaviour Tree Untuk Mengatur Perilaku NPC Musuh Pada Game 2D Platformer `Cyberun`
Authors: Senoaji Aribowo Hasti , Haryanto Hanny , Novianto Sendi
Published: February 2024

Game Platformer memiliki tujuan inti untuk menggerakan karakter sehingga dapat berpindah tempat dari satu titik ke titik lain dalam sebuah arena baik itu dengan gerakan berlari ataupun melompat. Salah satu faktor yang membuat permainan dalam game lebih menarik adalah adanya karakter NPC yang bertugas sebagai musuh. Tentu perancangan NPC musuh yang baik adalah dengan adanya implementasi agen cerdas sehingga mampu membuat karakter NPC musuh berperilaku lebih dinamis. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan dalam perancangan agen cerdas ini adalah Behavior Tree. Behavior Tree merupakan cara penerapan dari suatu pengelompokan yang merupakan proses untuk menentukan fungsi dari pemetaan setiap himpuan behavior ke dalam suatu kelompok yang berbentuk seperti pohon (tree). Dari perancangan Behavior Tree inilah yang kemudian dilakukan pengujian kepada NPC musuh guna mengetahui output yang dihasilkan dari berbagai nodestate yang terdapat pada NPC musuh seperti Idle, Patrol, Attack, dan Death. Nodestate ini diimplementasikan pada masing-masing karakter NPC musuh namun dengan perilaku yang berbeda. Dari pemodelan dengan metode Behavior Tree ini menghasilkan output perilaku yang dinamis dari NPC musuh yang berbeda-beda sesuai dengan apa yang sudah dipetakan sebelumnya.
Penerapan Algoritma Fuzzy Logic Tsukamoto Terhadap Perilaku NPC Pada Game 2D Shooter
Authors: Kalalo Jonathan Marcello , Haryanto Hanny , Astuti Erna Zuni
Published: February 2024

Perkembangan industri video game dimulai dari game arcade sederhana bernama pinball hingga berkembang menjadi video game pertama bernama Space War. Game di jaman modern menggunakan kecerdasan buatan dalam design game pada objek-objek yang ada dalam game seperti musuh pada game, skill atau keahlian yang dihasilkan karakter game. Untuk menjadikan game tidak monoton dan memberi daya tarik untuk dimainkan, diperlukan kecerdasan buatan yang dinamis agar memberi respon karakter yang lebih natural, dan game menjadi lebih menarik untuk dimainkan. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk membuat kecerdasan buatan adalah dengan metode algoritma Fuzzy Logic Tsukamoto yang diterapkan pada game 2D Shooter untuk memodifikasi perilaku musuh. Hasil penelitian ini menghasilkan   perilaku musuh pada game 2D Shooter menjadi lebih dinamis.
Advanced Therapy of Anxiety Problems: A Mini Review
Authors: Rafi Iftear Kazim
Published: February 2024

One of the most common mental conditions and a major contributor to disability is anxiety disorders. While a great deal of research is still being done on depression, schizophrenia, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there aren't many new drugs being studied for anxiety disorders. Anxiety is an extreme fear-based biological warning system that gets us ready to take action. It has to be distinguished from the typical terror reaction. Among the most prevalent mental illnesses among children and teenagers, anxiety disorders frequently go undiagnosed or untreated. A variety of characteristics, such as race, sex, the kind of anxiety, and the quality of epidemiological research influences a community's anxiety prevalence. Treatments such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, medication augmentation, and novel pharmaceutical agents like vortioxetine showed mixed results when used to individuals with anxiety disorders who did not respond well to conventional therapies or only partially responded to it. The public should only be offered new anxiety disorder treatment alternatives following a careful assessment of their effectiveness. Integrative teamwork and the management of anxiety disorders in need include cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based psychotherapies, psychodynamic psychotherapies, and psychopharmacologic treatments.
Les guides de voyage, des portraits de pays ?
Authors: Devanthéry Ariane
Published: February 2024

L’essentiel de l’Écossepar le Lonely Planet,Italie du Sudpar le National Geographic,États‑Unis, Côte Est et Sudpar les Guides bleus ouHautes-Alpesaux Encyclopédies du voyage de Gallimard… De par leur côté à la fois généralisant et essentialisant, ces titres semblent bien proposer un portrait des pays qu’ils décrivent. Comme les guides revendiquent très souvent si ce n’est une claire impartialité du moins une prudente neutralité, on pourrait s’attendre à ce que le portrait du pays qu’ils brossent soit fidèle et complet, voire porte un regard assez subtil sur les phénomènes historiques, politiques et sociaux des espaces décrits. Mais dans le détail, est‑ce vraiment le cas ? Les guides de voyage proposent-ils réellement des portraits des pays dont ils traitent ? Et, si c’est le cas, à quels moyens recourent-ils ? Pour trouver des réponses à ces questions, cet article s’attachera à l’histoire du genre que constituent les guides de voyage et aux moyens qu’ils mettent en oeuvre pour décrire un pays, sa terre et ses habitants, en prenant en exemple le guide que les éditions Baedeker ont consacré à la Suisse et aux Alpes en 1859.
Une « prédisposition » pour le portrait phototextuel de pays au xixe siècle
Authors: Caraion Marta
Published: February 2024

Il y a un lien intrinsèque, motivé théoriquement et historiquement, entre la photographie et le voyage au xixe siècle, qui constitue non seulement une alliance objective et immédiate, mais un argument fondateur des catégories topiques de la réception de la photographie à ses débuts, au moment des controverses esthétiques et idéologiques que son invention a suscitées. Ce lien n’est plus à documenter. Il ne s’agit donc pas de montrer comment se mettent en place les pratiques conjointes (du voyage et de la photographie) ou comment se tisse leur collaboration éditoriale, mais d’examiner le problème en se demandant si cette évidente relation est d’emblée destinée à fixer un genre à part — le portrait de pays ou de territoire —, distinct du récit de voyage, du livre pittoresque agrémenté d’illustrations, de l’ouvrage documentaire, encyclopédique, archéologique, tout en croisant toutes ces formes dans leur diversité et leurs contradictions. À travers quelques exemples prélevés dans le corpus de voyages photographiques du xixe siècle, dont nous interrogerons la possible typologie et la fondamentale hybridité, nous proposons d’examiner les conditions et les indices d’une « prédisposition » générique et d’en cerner quelques paramètres récurrents en réfléchissant de manière large aux raisons culturelles et littéraires de cette émergence.
Hors du nid, de Charles ab der Halden et Laure Albin Guillot, portraits de pays pour enfants, en 1934
Authors: Le Guen Laurence
Published: February 2024

Entre les deux guerres, la photographie fait une entrée remarquée dans les livres de lecture pour la jeunesse, de l’imagier au livre de catéchisme. Quelques récits de voyage illustrés de photographies voient timidement le jour parmi lesquels, en 1934,Hors du nid, de Charles ab der Halden. Il est illustré par la photographe Laure Albin Guillot, figure majeure de la photographie de l’entre-deux-guerres. Cet article se propose de cerner le genre de cet ouvrage, entre roman scolaire, récit de voyage et portrait de pays. Il examine comment les photographies participent de ce genre et analyse la collaboration des mots et des illustrations photographiques.
Humaine, de Marc Pataut : du portrait au portrait de pays
Authors: Leenaerts Danielle
Published: February 2024

Sa participation au projet de résidence Photographie et Territoire du Centre régional de la photographie Hauts-de-France (Douchy-les-Mines) a conduit le photographe Marc Pataut à réaliser principalement des portraits : ceux de trois habitantes de cette municipalité devenues ses modèles trois années durant, entre 2008 et 2011.

Sur base de l’analyse du livre Humaine, issu de cette résidence artistique, nous nous proposons de vérifier l’hypothèse selon laquelle le genre du portrait offre ici une représentation métaphorique du territoire. Elle est développée en prenant en compte, successivement, le processus créatif de Marc Pataut dans le contexte de ce projet, la structure complexe du livre renvoyant au travail mené par l’artiste dans le temps long en relation avec ses modèles, le rapport entre expérience du territoire et expérience du corps et enfin l’intégration de ce genre spécifique au sein du genre du portrait de pays.
De la participación en resultados al accionariado asalariado en Francia
Authors: Altzelai Uliondo Igone
Published: February 2024

Francia es uno de los países líderes en Europa en materia de participación financiera de los trabajadores en la empresa. Cuenta con un sistema consolidado y arraigado en la sociedad que tradicionalmente ha estado focalizado en la distribución de los resultados empresariales.Es el único país de la Unión Europea que obliga por ley a las empresas de más de cincuenta empleados) a distribuir beneficios entre los trabajadores. Para ello su ordenamiento contempla diversas fórmulas institucionalizadas (Interessement, Participation y Épargne salariale) acompañadas de incentivos de carácter fiscal y de Seguridad Social, tanto para los empresarios como para los trabajadores. No obstante, en la actualidad, se están realizando notables esfuerzos por ampliar ese enfoque y dar un mayor impulso al accionariado asalariado (actionnariat salarié) que ha tenido escasa implantación. Si bien sus orígenes se remontan a principios del siglo XX, los dispositivos de distribución de los beneficios empresariales, que en principio fueron concebidos para apoyar esa práctica, han tenido un desarrollo mucho mayor e incluso han incidido en su configuración actual. El objeto de estudio de este trabajo consiste, precisamente, en analizar y compartir algunas reflexiones sobre la experiencia francesa en materia de participación, poniendo de relieve sus potencialidades y los retos a los que se enfrenta en estos tiempos.
Tunable ultraviolet laser based on intracavity third harmonic generation of external cavity surface emitting laser
Authors: Cheng Jia , Wu Ya-Dong , Yan Ri , Peng Xue-Fang , Zhu Ren-Jiang , Wang Tao , Jiang Li-Dan , Tong Cun-Zhu , Song Yan-Rong , Zhang Peng ,   College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China,   Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China,   Faculty of Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China,   National Center for Applied Mathematics in Chongqing, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
Published: February 2024

Ultraviolet laser has high frequency, short wavelength, large single-photon energy, and high spatial resolution, and has wide applications in many fields such as fine processing, life sciences, and spectroscopy. In this work, a wavelength tunable ultraviolet laser based on intracavity third harmonic generation from an external-cavity surface-emitting laser is reported. The W-type resonant cavity of the laser is composed of a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) at the bottom of the gain chip, three plane-concave mirrors, and a rear plane mirror. On the arm containing the gain chip, a birefringent filter is inserted at the Brewster angle as the polarization and wavelength tuning element, which can also narrow the linewidth of the fundamental laser to a certain extent. A type-I phase-matched LBO crystal is placed on the beam waist between the folding mirrors M2 and M3 to convert the 980 nm fundamental laser into 490 nm blue light, and a type-I phase-matched BBO crystal is inserted in the beam waist near the rear mirror to produce a 327 nm ultraviolet output from the remained 980 nm fundamental laser and the frequency-doubled 490 nm second harmonic. Before the BBO crystal, a half-wave plate at 980 nm is employed to change the polarization of the fundamental laser, so as to meet the type-I phase-matching condition of the used BBO crystal. Owing to the larger nonlinear coefficient of the type-I phase-matched BBO crystal, and its obviously higher transmittance at 327 nm wavelength than the usually used LBO crystal, the output power is obtained to be 538 mW at 327 nm ultraviolet wavelength, corresponding to a conversion efficiency of 1.1% from pump light to ultraviolet laser. The experiment is performed under conditions of 15 ℃ temperature, 47 W absorbed pump power, 5 mm-length LBO and 5 mm-length BBO crystals. By using a 2 mm-thick birefringent filter as the tuning element, 34.1 nm tuning range of the 980 nm fundamental laser, 14.3 nm tuning range of the 490 nm second harmonic, and 8.6 nm tuning range of the 327 nm third harmonic are obtained. The ultraviolet laser exhibits good beam quality as well as acceptable power stability with the maximum power fluctuation less than 2% within 4.5 h.
Discharge characteristics and parameter diagnosis of brush-shaped air plasma plumes under auxiliary discharge
Authors: Zhang Xue-Xue , Jia Peng-Ying , Ran Jun-Xia , Li Jin-Mao , Sun Huan-Xia , Li Xue-Chen ,   College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China,   School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Technology, Jixi 158100, China
Published: February 2024

Atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) can produce plasma plumes rich in active species, which has a wide scope of applications. From the perspective of applications, it is one of the hot issues in APPJ research to generate a diffuse plasma plume on a large scale. At present, large-scale plasma plume has been produced by noble working gases, which is more economic and valuable if it is reproduced by air used as the working gas. In this work, an APPJ with an auxiliary discharge is proposed, with which a large-scale air plasma plume with a brush shape is produced. Results indicate that the brush-shaped air plume can exist by changing voltage amplitude (Vp) in a certain range. The length and brightness of the plasma plume increase with Vp increasing. The waveforms of voltage and light emission signalindicate that the discharge can start at most once within half a cycle of applied voltage. The probability of discharge and the intensity of light emission pulse for each half a voltage cycle increase with Vp increasing, but the voltage value at the discharge moment decreases with Vp increasing. High-speed imaging study shows that the generation mechanisms of diffuse brush-shaped air plasma plumes and small-scale air plasma are similar, both originating from the temporal superposition of bifurcated normal flow light. In addition, optical emission spectra from the brush-shaped air plasma plume are utilized to study electron temperature, electron density, molecular vibrational temperature, and gas temperature. With Vp increasing, gas temperature is low and almost unchanged, while electron density, electron temperature, and molecular vibrational temperature increase. In addition, OH concentration of the plasma plume is investigated by laser-induced fluorescence, indicating that OH is uniformly distributed, and its concentration increases with the Vp increasing. All these results mentioned above are qualitatively analyzed.
Stability analysis of ring-like cavitation bubble cluster structure in standing wave field
Authors: Lei Zhao-Kang , Wu Yao-Rong , Huang Chen-Yang , Mo Run-Yang , Shen Zhuang-Zhi , Wang Cheng-Hui , Guo Jian-Zhong , Lin Shu-Yu ,   Institute of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
Published: February 2024

Multi-cavitation bubble system can easily produce cavitation clouds with various structure types, including ring-like cavitation structures. Nonetheless, the evolutionary behavior of the structure and the physical mechanism of its formation are less investigated. In this work, high-speed photography and image analysis techniques are used to study the evolution of ring-like cavitation bubble aggregation structure in an ultrasonic cleaning tank with a frequency of 40 kHz. The ring-like structure usually appears near the pressure nodule, and its radius is less than a one-eighth wavelength. The structure involves establishment, stability and disappearance during an envelope wave period, and its morphology is stable. The ring-like cavitation structure exists as a bubble transport phenomenon, and the formed small bubble clusters flow to the outside of the ring and become discrete cavitation bubbles, or the bubble nuclei rejoin the cycle of bubble transport in the main accumulation area of the bubble. The size of the ring structure and the bubble accumulation area oscillate slightly, and there exists the whole structure rotation phenomenon, which depends on the interaction of the main sound field and the secondary radiation field with the bubbles. Furthermore, in this work, a mathematical model of two bubbles is used to investigate the physical mechanism behind the formation of a ring. It is found that the sound field is a key factor in ring formation. The ring chain model is used to analyze the structural stability by taking into account the time delay caused by the secondary acoustic radiation of the bubble. The numerical results show that the equivalent potential energy distribution of a ring bubble chain with a one-eighth wavelength in radius can stabilize each bubble in the potential well, and the radial distribution presents a ring-like barrier structure. The higher the sound pressure, the greater the equivalent potential, and the more the bubbles are clustered. The higher the driving sound field, the more complete the ring chain structure is. However, high sound pressure may cause the agglomeration of bubbles with high number density to disintegrate the stability of the ring aggregation of bubbles and evolve into other types of bubble aggregation structures. The theoretical results are in good consistence with the experimental phenomena.
The Green Power of Socialism
Authors: Kochetkova Elena
Published: February 2024

How the Soviet forestry industry developed a unique form of industrial ecology—a commonsense approach toward natural resources for the economy and society.

In The Green Power of Socialism, Elena Kochetkovaexamines the relationship between nature and humans under state socialism by looking at the industrial role of Soviet forests. The book explores evolving Soviet policies of wood consumption, discussing how professionals working in the forestry industry of the Soviet state viewed the present and future of forests by considering them both a natural resource and a trove of industrial material. When faced with the prospect of wood shortages, these specialists came to develop new industry-ecology paradigms. Kochetkova looks at the materiality of Soviet industry through forests and wood to show how, paradoxically, industrial ecology emerged and developed as a by-product of the Soviet industrialization project.

The Green Power of Socialism also discusses how post-Soviet industry has abandoned these socialist practices and the idea of nature as a complicated ecosystem that provides a crucial service to society. Emphasizing the technological and environmental impacts of the Cold War, Kochetkova critically reconsiders two explanatory models that have become dominant in the historiography of Soviet approaches to nature over the last decades—ecocide and environmentalism. Within the context of the current environmental crisis, the book invites readers to reevaluate state socialism as a complex phenomenon with sophisticated interactions between nature and industry. In so doing, it contributes a fresh perspective on the activities of socialist experts and their view of nature, shedding light on Soviet state industrial and environmental policy and its continuing legacy in the present day.
Energy conservation by collective movement in schooling fish
Authors: Zhang Yangfan , Lauder George V
Published: February 2024

Many animals moving through fluids exhibit highly coordinated group movement that is thought to reduce the cost of locomotion. However, direct energetic measurements demonstrating the energy-saving benefits of fluid-mediated collective movements remain elusive. By characterizing both aerobic and anaerobic metabolic energy contributions in schools of giant danio (Devario aequipinnatus), we discovered that fish schools have a concave upward shaped metabolism–speed curve, with a minimum metabolic cost at ~1 body length s-1. We demonstrate that fish schools reduce total energy expenditure (TEE) per tail beat by up to 56% compared to solitary fish. When reaching their maximum sustained swimming speed, fish swimming in schools had a 44% higher maximum aerobic performance and used 65% less non-aerobic energy compared to solitary individuals, which lowered the TEE and total cost of transport by up to 53%, near the lowest recorded for any aquatic organism. Fish in schools also recovered from exercise 43% faster than solitary fish. The non-aerobic energetic savings that occur when fish in schools actively swim at high speed can considerably improve both peak and repeated performance which is likely to be beneficial for evading predators. These energetic savings may underlie the prevalence of coordinated group locomotion in fishes.
Activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles in planktonic and biofilm-associated Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Authors: Santos Laerte Marlon , Rodrigues Daniela Méria , Alves Bianca Vilas Boas , Kalil Mauricio Alcântara , Azevedo Vasco , Barh Debmalya , Meyer Roberto , Duran Nelson , Tasic Ljubica , Portela Ricardo Wagner
Published: February 2024

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is a gram-positive bacterium and is the etiologic agent of caseous lymphadenitis (CL) in small ruminants. This disease is characterized by the development of encapsulated granulomas in visceral and superficial lymph nodes, and its clinical treatment is refractory to antibiotic therapy. An important virulence factor of the Corynebacterium genus is the ability to produce biofilm; however, little is known about the characteristics of the biofilm produced by C. pseudotuberculosis and its resistance to antimicrobials. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are considered as promising antimicrobial agents, and are known to have several advantages, such as a broad-spectrum activity, low resistance induction potential, and antibiofilm activity. Therefore, we evaluate herein the activity of AgNPs in C. pseudotuberculosis, through the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), antibiofilm activity, and visualization of AgNP-treated and AgNP-untreated biofilm through scanning electron microscopy. The AgNPs were able to completely inhibit bacterial growth and inactivate C. pseudotuberculosis at concentrations ranging from 0.08 to 0.312 mg/mL. The AgNPs reduced the formation of biofilm in reference strains and clinical isolates of C. pseudotuberculosis, with interference values greater than 80% at a concentration of 4 mg/mL, controlling the change between the planktonic and biofilm-associated forms, and preventing fixation and colonization. Scanning electron microscopy images showed a significant disruptive activity of AgNP on the consolidated biofilms. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of AgNPs as an effective therapeutic agent against CL.
The P2 nucleic acid binding protein of Sugarcane bacilliform virus is a viral pathogenic factor
Authors: Xu Xiongbiao , Lou Yinian , Liang Kaili , Liu Jingying , Wang Zhiyuan , Chen Baoshan , Li Wenlan
Published: February 2024

Background

Saccharum spp. is the primary source of sugar and plays a significant role in global renewable bioenergy. Sugarcane bacilliform virus (SCBV) is one of the most important viruses infecting sugarcane, causing severe yield losses and quality degradation. It is of great significance to reveal the pathogenesis of SCBV and resistance breeding. However, little is known about the viral virulence factors or RNA silencing suppressors and the molecular mechanism of pathogenesis.

Methods

To systematically investigate the functions of the unknown protein P2 encoded by SCBV ORF2. Phylogenetic analysis was implemented to infer the evolutionary relationship between the P2 of SCBV and other badnaviruses. The precise subcellular localization of P2 was verified in the transient infiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana epidermal mesophyll cells and protoplasts using the Laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). The post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) and transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) RNA silencing suppressor activity of P2 was analyzed, respectively. Furthermore, restriction digestion and RT-qPCR assays were conducted to verify the probable mechanism of P2 on repressing DNA methylation. To explore the pathogenicity of P2, a potato virus X-based viral vector was used to heterologously express SCBV P2 and the consequent H2O2 accumulation was detected by the 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining method.

Results

Phylogenetic analysis shows that SCBV has no obvious sequence similarity and low genetic relatedness to Badnavirus and Tungrovirus representatives. LSCM studies show that P2 is localized in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Moreover, P2 is shown to be a suppressor of PTGS and TGS, which can not only repress ssRNA-induced gene silencing but also disrupt the host RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway. In addition, P2 can trigger an oxidative burst and cause typical hypersensitive-like response (HLR) necrosis in systemic leaves of N. benthamiana when expressed by PVX. Overall, our results laid a foundation for deciphering the molecular mechanism of SCBV pathogenesis and made progress for resistance breeding.
Consumo energético e emissão de CO2 do agronegócio de Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Dias Daniela Teixeira , Fagundes Mayra Batista Bitencourt , Figueiredo Neto Leonardo Francisco
Published: February 2024

O agronegócio é uma atividade essencial em Mato Grosso do Sul, fornecendo bens e serviços diante dos desafios do crescimento populacional e ambientais. Destaca-se a emissão de CO2 devido ao consumo energético. Este artigo objetiva mensurar o consumo energético e as emissões de CO2 do agronegócio no estado. Utilizou-se o método quantitativo de pesquisa, com base na matriz híbrida convencional, usando dados do Balanço Energético e da Matriz Insumo-Produto. Os resultados indicaram consumo energético significativo, principalmente no transporte de produtos agropecuários pelas rodovias, resultando no uso de diesel. As maiores emissões de CO2 vêm da queima de lenha e bagaço de cana, fontes primárias de energia. Agricultura e indústria de alimentos e bebidas também se destacaram nas emissões. Essas informações são relevantes para decisões, como investimento em tecnologias limpas e metas de redução nos setores mais poluentes.
Práticas sustentáveis de logística reversa aplicadas na área de construção civil: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Lima Joana Dark Silva , Ramos Maria Eduarda Silva , Cruz Caio Silvio Toledo , Bezerra Rodrigo Rangel Ribeiro , Borges Fabrini Quadros , Lisboa Educélio Gaspar , Pena Heriberto Wagner Amanajás , Souza Marcelo José Raiol , Mourão Francianne Vieira
Published: February 2024

A sociedade está inserida num contexto consumista, tal ação reflete na geração de resíduos. A produção de resíduos é um problema que está diretamente relacionado ao atual modelo social e na questão de sua reciclagem ou destinação ideal, com isso, uma das áreas que mais poluem o meio ambiente é a construção civil. Neste sentido, o objetivo do respectivo estudo é analisar como está o nível de publicações acerca das práticas sustentáveis de Logística Reversa aplicadas na construção civil, sob uma perspectiva econômica para um melhor desenvolvimento e produção. O estudo é de abordagem qualitativa, com natureza básica e objetivo de pesquisa exploratório, sendo um de revisão sistemática, para fazer análise e seleção dos artigos, utilizou-se o método PRISMA com o auxílio dos softwares Word e Excel. Os resultados apontaram 22 artigos selecionados que se destacaram ao abordar a Logística Reversa aplicada na construção civil, de maneira que foram apresentadas as sugestões de práticas sustentáveis, assim, as que aparecem com mais frequência nas pesquisas são: Programa de Logística Reversa (Com indicadores de desempenho), Reaproveitamento de Resíduos Sólidos, Reutilização de Materiais Provenientes da construção civil e Roteirização de veículos para o carregamento de materiais reaproveitáveis da construção civil. Além disso, também é abordado o viés econômico que demonstra o quão é lucrativo para as empresas, a adoção de um modelo sustentável. Contudo, os objetivos da pesquisa foram alcançados de modo que foi percebido a carência de publicações que abordam a logística reversa associada à construção civil.
Factors Affecting Utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Agricultural Sector: A Case Study in Upper Brahmaputra Valley Zone of Assam, India
Authors: Kalita Romen , Deka Nivedita
Published: February 2024

In a country like India agriculture is the major economic players in economic aspects, which is the great source of revenue is more than 50% of the population of India. The country’s economic sector is based on the agricultural activities that play a significant role in the national development. Of late, ICT plays a significant role in the development of agriculture. It is widely acknowledged that improved information flow benefits both individual businesses and the agriculture industry. Nonetheless, gathering and sharing information is frequently expensive and challenging. By using information technology (IT), it is possible to lower the cost of information dissemination while simultaneously providing more information to all stakeholders involved in the agriculture industry. But the part of agriculture to the economy as well as the economic condition of the farmers is not what they should have been in this era of technology in a state like Assam. The aim of this study is to find the utilization in agricultural sector in the upper Brahmaputra valley Zone of Assam. This paper tries to discuss the factors affecting utilization of ICT tools in agriculture by using Binary Logistics Regression Model. Apart from higher level of education (.252) and size of land holding (.003), other factors like age (-.076), extension contact (-.282) and participation in media (-3.554) are found to be negatively influenced in the knowledge of ICT in agriculture among the farmers in the study area. Organzing awareness and training programme may help the farmers to utilize ICT in agricultural sector.
Prevalence of Malaria and Helminth Infections and Their Link to Knowledge on Preventive Strategies among Asymptomatic Pupils in Rural-urban Cameroon
Authors: Ebogo-Belobo Jean Thierry , Dongang-Nana Rodrigue Roman , Ojong Lucie Josiane , Ndzi Edward , Amvongo-Adjia Nathalie , Ngum Lesley Ngum , Kame-Ngasse Ginette Irma , Diengou Ngwene Hycentha , Atembeh-Noura Efietngab , Djabidatou Ousmanou , Mbuh Salioh , Makoge Valérie
Published: February 2024

Aim: The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of malaria and helminth infection among asymptomatic primary school children in rural and urban Yaoundé-Cameroon, to assess pupils’ knowledge about malaria and STH infection, and to evaluate the association between this knowledge and actual disease prevalence.

Study Design: This study was a cross-sectional and was carried out between October 2019 and December 2019 in six primary schools in the Centre region of Cameroon.

Methodology:Pupils in classes 3 to six were recruited for the study. Blood and stool samples were collected and analysed to determine pupils’ disease prevalence. Questionnaires following the KAP and health belief model frameworks were administered to evaluate pupils’ health literacy in malaria and helminths.

Results: 457 pupils from rural and urban zones participated in this study. 245 (53.6 %) were female and 212 (46.4 %) were male. The prevalence of anaemia was higher in urban than rural zones. Total malaria prevalence was 17.7%. Malaria parasitaemia prevalence classified according to settings revealed rural zones at 28.6% and urban zones at 13.9%. STH infection showed a total prevalence of 4.8% and 7.9% and 3.7% in rural and urban zones respectively. The prevalence of co-infection was 1.2%. Health-literacy gaps in malaria and helminths were identified. Schooling in rural settings and being older were predictors for having a good knowledge of the diseases. However, having good knowledge was not significantly associated to actual malaria parasitaemia or STH prevalence.

Conclusion: Insights from this study are essential for the implementation of successful, sustainable and targeted health-promotion strategies to improve the health and well-being of pupils.
Pulmonary Effects of Inhaled Mineral Dusts
Authors: Eschenbacher William L. , Kullman Gregory J. , Gomberg Cristina C.
Published: August 2005

Despite advances in knowledge of the relationships between exposure to mineral dusts (asbestos, coal dust, silica) and the respiratory diseases that can occur (pneumoconioses, obstructive lung diseases, cancer, etc.), these diseases are still present and workers are still dying with these conditions. Important insight has been gained into the understanding of the mechanisms of the injury that occurs when the cells and the tissue of the lungs are exposed to these mineral dusts. However, the primary mode of protecting workers from the development of these mineral dust‐induced lung diseases is by reducing or eliminating exposure to increased concentrations of the dusts in the first place. No amount of treatment can substitute for prevention in the development of these diseases.

This chapter provides the reader with background knowledge regarding the respiratory system (anatomy, defense mechanisms, physiology, assessment, and the response of the lungs to injury) and specifics of the lung diseases caused by exposure to some of the mineral dusts.

Treatment of these disorders will not be covered in great detail in this chapter. However, it remains paramount that engineering controls and personal respiratory protection be required so that these dust‐induced lung diseases can be prevented.