bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El modelo económico primario exportador, la matriz productiva, los encadenamientos productivos sostenibles y su particularidades en la República del Ecuador
Authors: Elidea Quiñonez Rugina
Published: May 2022

Para los países latinoamericanos, el cambio del modelo de desarrollo representa un reto para la sociedad, los gobiernos y estructuras administrativas. Lo cual requiere recursos, voluntad y coyunturas nacionales e internacionales propicias para formular, proponer y aplicar políticas públicas inclusivas. En este sentido, la transformación de la matriz productiva de Ecuador, de un modelo primario exportador a otro de economía diversificada, representa uno de los principales desafíos para alcanzar un desarrollo económico en armonía con el medio ambiente y la sociedad, pilares fundamentales del desarrollo sostenible y los objetivos de la agenda 2030. El artículo tiene como objetivo exponer los fundamentos teóricos y evolución del modelo económico primario exportado de desarrollo en Latinoamérica y sus relaciones funcionales con la matriz productiva como reflejo de la transformación del modelo primario exportador, su relación con los encadenamientos productivos como elementos dinamizadores del cambio de la matriz productiva a partir de la aplicación de políticas públicas, vías para propiciar el cambio de la matriz productiva desde la óptica del desarrollo sostenible y su particularidad en la República de Ecuador. Los principales resultados son conclusiones en el orden teórico que evidencian el nexo funcional y causal entre estos elemento fundamentales que caracterizan el desarrollo económico de un país.
Status quo of genetic improvement in local goats: a review
Authors: Torres-Hernández Glafiro , Maldonado-Jáquez Jorge Alonso , Granados-Rivera Lorenzo Danilo , Salinas-González Homero , Castillo-Hernández Gabriela
Published: May 2022

Abstract. This review aims to summarize and synthesize the fragmented information available on the genetic improvement of local goats (criollo, indigenous, native) on the American and other continents, where populations with these goats have an important role in food security and the economy of rural communities, as well as in conservation of biodiversity and productivity improvement. Topics such as the current state of goat production globally, conservation programs, resistance to parasites and diseases, use of phenotypical characteristics and genomic information, and molecular markers for genetic improvement are addressed. The main challenges, opportunities, and limitations described in recent literature concerning local goats in the immediate future are discussed.
Chemical precursors of new particle formation in coastal New Zealand
Authors: Peltola Maija , Rose Clémence , Trueblood Jonathan V. , Gray Sally , Harvey Mike , Sellegri Karine
Published: May 2022

Abstract. To reduce uncertainties in climate predictions, we need to better understand aerosol formation in different environments. An important part of this is studying which chemical species are responsible for particle formation. While many advances have been made in this field, measurements are lacking especially from marine environments. Here, we measured the chemical composition of ambient ions over 7 months at Baring Head station, located in coastal New Zealand. This adds to our previous work which reported the aerosol size distribution measurements and investigated new particle formation and environmental conditions favouring new particle formation at the station. By combining the information on ion chemical composition with our previous work, we were able to study the chemical precursors of new particle formation. Our results showed that while over land new particle formation is likely driven by sulfuric acid and organic species, in clean marine air iodine oxides and sulfur species are likely important drivers of particle formation processes. These data were also used to characterise the diurnal and seasonal cycles of most important ion groups and their geographical source regions. Sulfate ions displayed a clear daytime maximum where as iodine oxides had morning and evening maximums. Highly oxygenated organic molecules on the other hand, were most abundant during the night when the air was land-influenced. This data set is highly valuable and our results provide important information on the chemical species driving new particle formation at a remote Southern Hemisphere coastal site.
Energy and mass exchange at an urban site in mountainous terrain – the Alpine city of Innsbruck
Authors: Ward Helen Claire , Rotach Mathias Walter , Gohm Alexander , Graus Martin , Karl Thomas , Haid Maren , Umek Lukas , Muschinski Thomas
Published: May 2022

Abstract. This study represents the first detailed analysis of multi-year, near-surface turbulence observations for an urban area located in highly complex terrain. Using 4 years of eddy covariance measurements over the Alpine city of Innsbruck, Austria, the effects of the urban surface, orographic setting and mountain weather on energy and mass exchange are investigated. In terms of surface controls, the findings for Innsbruck are in accordance with previous studies at city centre sites. The available energy is partitioned mainly into net storage heat flux and sensible heat flux (each comprising about 40 % of the net radiation, Q*, during the daytime in summer). The latent heat flux is small by comparison (only about 10 % of Q*) due to the small amount of vegetation present but increases for short periods (6–12 h) following rainfall. Additional energy supplied by anthropogenic activities and heat
released from the large thermal mass of the urban surface helps to support positive sensible heat fluxes in the city all year round. Annual observed CO2 fluxes (5.1 kg C m−2 yr−1) correspond well to modelled emissions and expectations based on findings at other sites with a similar proportion of vegetation. The net CO2 exchange is dominated by anthropogenic emissions from traffic in summer and building heating in winter. In contrast to previous urban observational studies, the effect of the orography is examined here. Innsbruck's location in a steep-sided valley results in marked diurnal and seasonal patterns in flow conditions. A typical valley wind circulation is observed (in the absence of strong synoptic forcing) with moderate up-valley winds during daytime, weaker down-valley winds at night (and in winter) and near-zero wind speeds around
the times of the twice-daily wind reversal. Due to Innsbruck's location north of the main Alpine crest, southerly foehn events frequently have a marked effect on temperature, wind speed, turbulence and pollutant concentration. Warm, dry foehn air advected over the surface can lead to negative sensible
heat fluxes both inside and outside the city. Increased wind speeds and intense mixing during foehn (turbulent kinetic energy often exceeds 5 m2 s−2) help to ventilate the city, illustrated here by low CO2 mixing ratios. Radiative exchange is also affected by the orography – incoming shortwave radiation is blocked by the terrain at low solar elevation. The interpretation of the dataset is complicated by distinct temporal patterns in flow conditions and the combined influences of the urban environment, terrain and atmospheric conditions. The analysis presented here reveals how Innsbruck's mountainous setting impacts the near-surface conditions in multiple ways, highlighting the similarities with
previous studies in much flatter terrain and examining the differences in order to begin to understand interactions between urban and orographic processes.
New method to determine black carbon mass size distribution
Authors: Zhao Weilun , Zhao Gang , Li Ying , Guo Song , Ma Nan , Tang Lizi , Zhang Zirui , Zhao Chunsheng
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is an important atmospheric component with strong light absorption. Many attempts have been made to measure BC mass size distribution (BCMSD) for its significant impact on climate and public health. Larger-coverage BCMSD, ranging from upper submicron to larger than 1 μm, contributes to substantial proportion of BC absorption. However, current time resolution of larger-coverage BCMSD measurement was limited to 1 day, which was insufficient to characterize variation of larger-coverage BCMSD. In this study, a new method to determine BCMSD was proposed from size-resolved absorption coefficient measured by an aerodynamic aerosol classifier in tandem with an aethalometer. The proposed method could measure larger-coverage BCMSD with time resolution as high as 1 hour and was validated by comparing the measurement results with that measured by a differential mobility analyzer in tandem with a single particle soot photometer (DMA – SP2) for particle size larger than 300 nm during a field measurement in Yangtze River Delta. Bulk BC mass concentration (mBC,bulk) by DMA – SP2 was underestimated by 33 % compared to that by this method because of the limited size range of measurement for DMA – SP2. Uncertainty analysis of this method was performed with respect to mass absorption cross-section (MAC), transfer function inversion, number fraction of BC-containing particle and instrumental noise. The results indicated that MAC was the main uncertainty source, leading to mBC,bulk varied from – 20 % to 28 %. With the advanatage of wide size coverage up to 1.5 μm, high time resolution, easy operation and low cost, this method is expected to have wide applications in field measurement for better estimating radiative properties and climate effects of BC.
Trawling effects on biogeochemical processes are mediated by fauna in high-energy biogenic-reef-inhabited coastal sediments
Authors: Tiano Justin C. , Depestele Jochen , Van Hoey Gert , Fernandes João , van Rijswijk Pieter , Soetaert Karline
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Dynamic, sandy environments are generally less vulnerable
to mechanical stress compared to silty, low-energy habitats. Biogenic reef
communities, however, may provide an exception to this. This study explores
the physical, biological, and biogeochemical effects of bottom trawl fishing
on a coastal ecosystem dominated by the tube-building polychaete Lanice conchilega. Two
specific gear types, both used to exploit North Sea sole (Solea solea), were compared:
electric pulse trawls and tickler chain-rigged beam trawls. We detected a
∼1 cm bathymetric deepening after trawling associated with
significant losses in benthic chlorophyll a caused by both fishing gears.
Tickler chain trawls significantly reduced sediment oxygen consumption
(57 %), total organic matter mineralization (56 %), denitrification
(61 %), nitrification (60 %), and total benthos densities (52 %), while
pulse trawls had no statistically significant impact on these parameters.
Before trawling, significant relationships could be found between L. conchilega and very
fine sand fractions, oxygen and nitrate fluxes, macrobenthos densities, and
species richness; however, the trawl disturbances from both gears disrupted
these connections. Our results suggest a reduced average effect for pulse
compared to tickler chain beam trawls for several ecological and
biogeochemical characteristics, though their impact was still significant for
L. conchilega and associated species. This study also suggests that faunal-mediated
ecosystem functions in habitats dominated by L. conchilega may be sensitive to relatively
shallow sediment penetration from trawl gears and should be considered when
assessing habitat vulnerability.
Epidote dissolution–precipitation during viscous granular flow: a micro-chemical and isotope study
Authors: Peverelli Veronica , Berger Alfons , Wille Martin , Pettke Thomas , Lanari Pierre , Villa Igor M. , Herwegh Marco
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Deformation of polymineralic aggregates can be accommodated by viscous granular flow, a process mediated by the interplay among intracrystalline plasticity and dissolution–precipitation, each active in specific minerals at given P–T conditions. Common rock-forming minerals like quartz, feldspars and sheet silicates have been intensively studied in terms of deformation processes. Instead, the deformation behavior of epidote and its role during viscous granular flow is not well investigated, although this mineral is ubiquitous in granitic rocks deforming at greenschist-facies conditions. In this contribution, we provide microstructural and geochemical evidence for the occurrence of dissolution–precipitation of epidote during deformation of an epidote-quartz vein. The main part of the vein is deformed producing a fold, which is visible due to relicts of primary-growth layering inside the vein. The deformation mechanisms active during deformation include dynamic recrystallization of quartz by subgrain rotation recrystallization, producing grain-size reduction of the primary vein quartz. This occurs contemporaneously with dissolution and (re)precipitation of epidote, and grain-boundary sliding, leading to a combined process described as viscous granular flow. The combination of intracrystalline plasticity, grain boundary sliding and dissolution locally and repeatedly produce creep cavities. These represent not only loci for nucleation of new epidote grains at the expenses of dissolved one, but they also allow fluid-mediated transport of elements. The same trace element patterns between old epidote relicts and newly formed grains, with much narrower variability, indicate a process of chemical homogenization. The nature of the fluid mediating deformation is investigated using Pb–Sr isotope data of epidote, which suggest that deformation is assisted by internally recycled fluids with the addition of a syn-kinematic external fluid component.
Seasonal study of the Small-Scale Variability of Dissolved Methane in the western Kiel Bight (Baltic Sea) during the European Heat Wave in 2018
Authors: Gindorf Sonja , Bange Hermann W. , Booge Dennis , Kock Annette
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Methane (CH4) is a climate-relevant atmospheric trace gas which is emitted to the atmosphere from coastal areas such as the Baltic Sea. The oceanic CH4 emission estimates are still associated with a high degree of uncertainty partly because the temporal and spatial variability of the CH4 distribution in the ocean surface layer is usually not known. In order to determine the small-scale variability of dissolved CH4 we set up a purge-and-trap system with a significantly improved precision for the CH4 concentration measurements. We measured the distribution of dissolved CH4 in the water column of the western Kiel Bight and Eckernförde Bay in June and September 2018. The top 1 m was sampled in high-resolution to determine potential small-scale CH4 concentration gradients within the mixed layer. CH4 concentrations throughout the water column of the western Kiel Bight and Eckernförde Bay were generally higher in September than in June. The increase of the CH4 concentrations in the bottom water was accompanied by a strong decrease in O2 concentrations which led to anoxic conditions favorable for microbial CH4 production in September. In summer 2018, northwestern Europe experienced a pronounced heatwave. However, we found no relationship between the anomalies of water temperature and excess CH4 in both the surface and the bottom layer at the site of the Boknis Eck Time-Series Station (Eckernförde Bay). Therefore, the 2018 European heatwave most likely did not affect the observed increase of the CH4 concentrations in the western Kiel Bight from June to September 2018. The high-resolution measurements of the CH4 concentrations in the upper 1 m of the water column were highly variable and showed no uniform decreasing or increasing gradients with water depth. Overall, our results show that the CH4 distribution in the water column of the western Kiel Bight and Eckernförde Bay is strongly affected by both large-scale temporal (i.e. seasonal) and small-scale spatial variabilities which need to be considered when quantifying the exchange of CH4 across the ocean/atmosphere interface.
Optimizing Radar Scan Strategies for Observing Deep Convection Using Observing System Simulation Experiments
Authors: Oue Mariko , Saleeby Stephen M. , Marinescu Peter J. , Kollias Pavlos , van den Heever Susan C.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Optimizing radar observation strategies is one of the most important considerations in pre-field campaign periods. This is especially true for isolated convective clouds that typically evolve faster than the observations captured by operational radar networks. This study investigates uncertainties in radar observations of the evolution of the microphysical and dynamical properties of isolated deep convective clouds developing in clean and polluted environments and aims to optimize the radar observation strategy for deep convection through the use of cloud-resolving model simulations coupled with a radar simulator and a cell tracking algorithm. Our analysis results include the following four outcomes. First, a 5–7 m s-1 median difference in maximum updrafts of tracked cells was shown between the clean and polluted simulations in the early stages of the cloud lifetimes. This demonstrates the importance of obtaining accurate estimates of vertical velocity from observations if aerosol impacts are to be properly resolved. Second, tracking of individual cells and using vertical cross section scanning every minute captures the evolution of precipitation particle number concentration and size represented by polarimetric observables better than the operational radar observations that update the volume scan every 5 min. This approach also improves the multi-Doppler radar updraft retrievals above 5 km AGL for regions with updraft velocities greater than 10 m s-1. Third, we propose an optimized strategy which is composed of cell tracking by quick (1–2 min) vertical cross section scans from more than one radar in addition to the operational volume scans. We also propose the use of a single range-height indicator updraft retrieval technique for cells close to the radars, where the multi-Doppler radar retrievals are still challenging. Finally, increasing the number of deep convective cells sampled by such observations better represents the median maximum updraft evolution with sample sizes of more than 10 deep cells, which decreases the error associated with sampling the true population to less than 3 m s-1.
Development of the morphodynamics on LIA lateral moraines in ten glacier forefields of the Eastern Alps since the 1950s
Authors: Betz-Nutz Sarah , Heckmann Tobias , Haas Florian , Becht Michael
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Since the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA) in the middle of the 19th century, Alpine glaciers have been subject to severe recession that is enhanced by the recent global warming. The melting glaciers expose large areas with loose sediments, amongst others in the form of lateral moraines. Due to their instability and high slope angle, the lateral moraines are reworked by geomorphological processes such as debris flows, slides or fluvial erosion. In this study, the development of the morphodynamics and changes of geomorphological processes on lateral moraines were observed over decades, based on a selection of 10 glacier forefields in the eastern Alps. To identify geomorphological changes over time, several datasets of archival aerial images reaching back to the 1950s were utilized in order to generate digital elevation models (DEMs) and DEMs of difference. The aerial images were complemented by recent drone images for selected moraine sections, enabling a high-resolution analysis of the processes currently occurring. The results concerning the development of morphodynamics on lateral moraine sections are diverse: some slopes display a stagnation of the erosion rates, the rates on one section increase significantly and the majority of the slopes show a decline of the morphodynamics over decades, which, however, stay on a high level in many cases. In particular, moraine sections with high morphodynamics in the beginning of the observation period mostly show high erosion rates up until now with values up to 11 cm per year. These moraine sections also feature heavy gullying on their upper slopes. A correlation between the development of morphodynamics and the time since deglaciation could scarcely be established. In fact, the results rather indicate that characteristics of the lateral moraines such as the initial slope angle at the time of deglaciation have a significant influence on the later morphodynamics. These observations raise concerns whether often conducted analyses based on the comparison of lateral moraine sections with different distances to the glacier terminus, assumed to represent varying time spans since deglaciation, can provide sound evidence concerning their process of stabilization.
How useful are gridded water resources reanalysis and evapotranspiration products for assessing water security in ungauged basins?
Authors: Nkiaka Elias , Bryant Robert G. , Ntalja Joshua , Biao Eliézer
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Achieving water security in ungauged basins is critically hindered by a lack of in situ hydrometeorological data to assess past, current and future evolution of water resources in those areas. To overcome this challenge, there has been a shift toward the use of freely available satellite and reanalysis hydrometerological products. However, due to inherent bias and uncertainty, these secondary sources require careful evaluation to ascertain their performance before being applied in ungauged basins. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of nine gridded water resources reanalysis (WRR), and eight evapotranspiration (ET) products and to estimate the relative uncertainties in monthly basin-scale water balance evapotranspiration (ETWB) in eight river basins located in Central-West Africa. Evaluation results highlight strengths and weaknesses of the different WRR and ET products in simulating discharge dynamics and ET estimates respectively across the basins. Analyses further revealed that the relative uncertainties in monthly ETWB range from 4–25 % with a significant increase in magnitude during the rainy season while river discharge is the dominant source of uncertainty. Our results further revealed that the performance of land surface models (LSMs) and global hydrological models (GHM) in simulating river discharge is strongly influenced by the model structure, input data and spatial resolution. Differences in ET estimates from the different ET products may be attributed to model structure and the input data used in driving the models. Results from this study suggest that gridded WRR and ET products are a useful source of data for assessing water security in ungauged basins. However, given the plethora of products available, it is imperative to evaluate their performance in representative gauged basins to identify products that can be applied in each region.
A multi-disciplinary analysis of the exceptional flood event of July 2021 in central Europe. Part 1: Event description and analysis
Authors: Mohr Susanna , Ehret Uwe , Kunz Michael , Ludwig Patrick , Caldas-Alvarez Alberto , Daniell James E. , Ehmele Florian , Feldmann Hendrik , Franca Mário J. , Gattke Christian , Hundhausen Marie , Knippertz Peter , Küpfer Katharina , Mühr Bernhard , Pinto Joaquim G. , Quinting Julian , Schäfer Andreas M. , Scheibel Marc , Seidel Frank , Wisotzky Christina
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The July 2021 flood in central Europe was one of the five costliest natural disasters in Europe in the last half century with estimated total damage of EUR 32 billion. This study investigates the complex interactions between meteorological, hydrological, and hydro-morphological processes and mechanisms that led to the exceptional flood. Furthermore, we present our estimates of the impacts in terms of inundation areas, traffic disruptions, and economic losses. The estimation of inundation areas as well as the derived damage assessments were carried out during or directly after the flood, and show the potential of near-real-time forensic disaster analyses for crisis management, emergency personnel on-site, and the provision of relief supplies. The superposition of several factors resulted in widespread extreme precipitation totals and water levels well beyond a 100-year event: slow propagation of the low pressure system Bernd, convection embedded in a mesoscale precipitation field, unusually moist air masses associated with a significant positive anomaly in sea surface temperature over the Baltic Sea, wet soils, and steep terrain. Various hydro-morphodynamic processes as well as changes in valley morphology observed during the event exacerbated the impact of the flood. Relevant effects included, among many others, the occurrence of extreme landscape erosion, rapidly evolving erosion and scour processes in the channel network and urban space, recruitment of debris from the natural and urban landscape, deposition and clogging of bottlenecks in the channel network with eventual collapse. This study is part one of a two-paper series. The second part puts the July 2021 flood into a historical context and into the context of climate change.
Landsifier v1.0: a Python library to estimate likely triggers of mapped landslides
Authors: Rana Kamal , Malik Nishant , Ozturk Ugur
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Landslide hazard models aim at mitigating landslide impact by providing probabilistic forecasting, and the accuracy of these models hinges on landslide databases for model training and testing. Landslide databases at times lack information on the underlying triggering mechanism, making these inventories almost unusable in hazard models. We developed a Python-based library, landsifier, that contains three different Machine-Learning frameworks for assessing the likely triggering mechanisms of individual landslides or entire inventories based on landslide geometry. Two of these methods only use the 2D landslide planforms, and the third utilizes the 3D shape of landslides relying on an underlying Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The base method extracts geometric properties of landslide polygons as a feature space for the shallow learner—Random Forest (RF). An alternative method extracts topological properties of 3D landslides through Topological Data Analysis (TDA) and then feeds these properties as a feature space to the Random Forest classifier. The last framework relies on landslide-planform images as an input for the deep learning algorithm—Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). We tested all three interchangeable methods on several inventories with known triggers spread over the Japanese archipelago. To demonstrate the effectiveness of developed methods, we used two testing configurations. The first configuration merges all the available data for the k-fold cross-validation, whereas the second configuration excludes one inventory during the training phase to use as the sole testing inventory. Classification accuracies for different testing schemes vary between 70 % and 95 %. Finally, we implemented the three methods on an inventory without any triggering information to showcase a real-world application.
Enhancing disaster risk resilience using greenspace in urbanising Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Watson C. Scott , Elliott John R. , Ebmeier Susanna K. , Vásquez María Antonieta , Zapata Camilo , Bonilla-Bedoya Santiago , Cubillo Paulina , Orbe Diego Francisco , Córdova Marco , Menoscal Jonathan , Sevilla Elisa
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Greenspaces within broader ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction
(Eco-DRR) strategies provide multiple benefits to society, biodiversity, and
addressing climate breakdown. In this study, we investigated urban growth,
its intersection with hazards, and the availability of greenspace for
disaster risk reduction (DRR) in the city of Quito, Ecuador, which
experiences multiple hazards including landslides, floods, volcanoes, and
earthquakes. We used satellite data to quantify urban sprawl and developed a
workflow incorporating high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) to
identify potential greenspaces for emergency refuge accommodation (DRR
greenspace), for example, following an earthquake. Quito's historical urban
growth totalled ∼ 192 km2 for 1986–2020 and was primarily on
flatter land, in some cases crossed by steep ravines. By contrast, future
projections indicate an increasing intersection between easterly
urbanisation and steep areas of high landslide susceptibility. Therefore, a
timely opportunity exists for future risk-informed planning. Our workflow
identified 18.6 km2 of DRR greenspaces, of which 16.3 km2
intersected with potential sources of landslide and flood hazards,
indicating that hazard events could impact potential “safe spaces”. These
spaces could mitigate future risk if designated as greenspaces and left
undeveloped. DRR greenspace overlapped 7 % (2.5 km2) with
municipality-designated greenspace. Similarly, 10 % (1.7 km2) of
municipality-designated “safe space” for use following an earthquake was
classified as potentially DRR suitable in our analysis. For emergency
refuge, currently designated greenspaces could accommodate ∼ 2 %–14 % (depending on space requirements) of Quito's population within 800 m. This increases to 8 %–40 % considering all the potential DRR greenspace
mapped in this study. Therefore, a gap exists between the provision of DRR
and designated greenspace. Within Quito, we found a disparity between access
to greenspaces across socio-economic groups, with lower income groups having
less access and further to travel to designated greenspaces. Notably, the
accessibility of greenspaces was high overall with 98 % (2.3 million) of
Quito's population within 800 m of a designated greenspace, of which 88 %
(2.1 million) had access to potential DRR greenspaces. Our workflow
demonstrates a citywide evaluation of DRR greenspace potential and provides
the foundation upon which to evaluate these spaces with local stakeholders.
Promoting equitable access to greenspaces, communicating their multiple
benefits, and considering their use to restrict propagating development into
hazardous areas are key themes that emerge for further investigation.
Una nueva visión de las sociedades prerromanas de la Cuenca Central del Duero: Los puñales como nexo de unión entre la guerra, las élites y la trashumancia en la Región Vaccea
Authors: De Pablo Martínez Roberto
Published: May 2022

A partir de los recientes estudios sobre el armamento entre los pueblos prerromanos de la cuenca central del Duero pretendemos argumentar que las élites y sus clientelas fueron quienes poseyeron las armas y particularmente los puñales que hallamos recurrentemente en las tumbas de las necrópolis de la zona. Posteriormente, analizamos las bases de su economía, vinculando a estas élites con posesión de rebaños trashumantes. A continuación, relacionamos la trashumancia con otros aspectos como la dispersión de los núcleos de población y las características urbanísticas de estos, la existencia de grupos de pastores-guerreros para la defensa de los rebaños o los rituales de exposición de los guerreros muertos en combate a los buitres. Finalmente, damos nuestra interpretación sobre la idea de la guerra que tenían los pueblos prerromanos en los siglos previos a la llegada de los grandes ejércitos mediterráneos a la Meseta Norte y el papel de las armas y de los puñales en concreto en el trinomio elites-guerra-trashumancia.
La dimensión comunicativa de los gobiernos autonómicos de coalición en España (1987-2019)
Authors: Ferrández-Mas Alejandro , López-López Paulo Carlos , Lagares Díez Nieves
Published: May 2022

El presente estudio describe los elementos comunicativos presentes en 48 gobiernos autonómicos de coalición en España a partir del análisis de los acuerdos coalicionales suscritos entre los distintos partidos. Para ello, se ha elaborado un instrumento de 14 categorías que integra aspectos orgánico-funcionales, así como analiza la presencia o no de patrones estandarizados de reparto de competencias, políticas de comunicación, normas de coordinación o gestión de conflictos. Los resultados revelan gobiernos con estructuras comunicativas concentradas, verticales y no compartidas entre los socios de la coalición, sin protocolos de comunicación, con una presencia desmedida del socio mayoritario y donde solo se observan diferencias sustanciales cuando este actor es un PANE o un PAE.
El origen del diario Las Noticias: fundación y primeros años
Authors: Serra Carolina , Martorell Cristina
Published: May 2022

Si bien en los últimos años se han multiplicado las investigaciones sobre la historia del periodismo en España, los estudios específicos sobre el nacimiento de las principales cabeceras son todavía escasos. Esta investigación pretende aportar datos inéditos sobre el nacimiento del diario Las Noticias, en 1896. Su fundador, Rafael Roldós, pionero publicitario en nuestro país, ve en esta nueva cabecera una forma de ampliar sus negocios existentes en el ámbito del arte y la publicidad. Los inicios de este diario barcelonés están marcados por su rivalidad con El Noticiero Universal, diario vespertino de referencia en la ciudad. El artículo repasa aspectos como la estructura del rotativo, sus colaboradores más destacados y las técnicas que emplea para potenciar sus ventas y fidelizar a sus lectores.
Las colaboraciones periodísticas de Francisco Umbral en Mundo Hispánico durante la década de los sesenta: la forja del escritor
Authors: Fernández Jiménez Antonio , Garbisu Buesa Margarita
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo da a conocer las colaboraciones periodísticas de Francisco Umbral durante la década de los sesenta del siglo XX en la revista Mundo Hispánico (1948-1977), uno de los medios de Madrid donde comienza su trayectoria periodística. Además de recopilar estos trabajos durante este periodo de tiempo, de los cuales un gran porcentaje se clasifican en los géneros del periodismo cultural, se analiza la evolución del estilo literario de Umbral, que comienza con piezas genuinamente periodísticas, como reportajes y entrevistas, para desembocar en el formato, más libre, que en años venideros le definiría como periodista: el artículo literario.
Expatriados corporativos españoles: ¿élite transnacional o élite nacional globalizada?
Authors: Martín-Cabello Antonio , García-Manso Almudena
Published: May 2022

Existe un debate acerca de si existen elites globales o si son elites nacionales globalizadas. Este debate se ha movido sobre todo en un marco de referencia teórico. En este artículo se expone que el único modo de superarlo es mediante estudios de carácter empírico. El artículo presenta una investigación cualitativa realizada mediante entrevistas en profundidad a expatriados corporativos españoles. Los resultados muestran que no existe una respuesta clara. Por un lado, un grupo de expatriados corporativos españoles pueden considerarse claramente como una elite nacional globalizada. Por otro lado, algunos presentan características más cosmopolitas y no se sienten tan vinculados a su país de origen.
A.	Chalmers’ın Radikal Enstrümentalizm veya Plüralistik Realizminin Uluslararası İlişkiler İçin Yorumu
Authors: AKKAN  GÜNGÖR Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Fatma
Published: May 2022

A. Chalmers emphasizes that scientific theories and the external world are real, but they can’t be equated with each other. Scientific theories are produced and modified incessantly as a result of scientific practice. The willingness to call this interpretation of realism as a pluralistic is related to this. Both the external world and world of theories are real, but they are different from each other. They are brought together by third reality, scientific practice. The position he advocates is the instrumentalist in that it rejects a direct link between theories and the real world and it refuses to be seen as attempts to explain how theories really are. The neorealism will be criticized via the mentioned approach, and neorealist would fit into this group that Chalmers defines as naïve instrumentalist. All concepts that trying to explain the international relations after 1980 will be discussed in line with his radical instrumentalism or pluralistic realism. Keywords: Alan Chalmers, Radical Instrumentalism, Pluralistic Realism, Neo-realism, Theory.
Analisis Kejadian Fluor Albus Berdasarkan Pengetahuan, Sikap Dan Tindakan Personal Hygiene
Authors: Adelina Pratiwi
Published: May 2022

Perkembangan masa remaja berpengaruh pada perkembangan fisik dan kematangan reproduksi. Prevalensi masalah kesehatan reproduksi pada wanita mencapai 31% dari semua jenis penyakit yang mengenai sistem lainnya pada wanita di seluruh dunia. Persentase wanita yang pernah mengalami keputihan (flour albus, vaginal discharge) mencapai 75%, paling tidak sekali selama selama hidupnya. Keputihan disebabkan oleh bakteri kandidiasis vulvovagenitis, yang jika tidak segera diatasi dapat menimbulkan infertilitas atau masalah kesuburan dan penyakit radang panggul. Kurangnya pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan personal hygiene diyakini berpengaruh terhadap kejadian keputihan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan personal hygiene dengan kejadian fluor albus. Jenis penelitian ini adalah survei analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional, populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswi tingkat II STIKES ‘Aisyiyah Palembang sebanyak 153 orang dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling, didapatkan sebanyak 66 responden. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan November sampai dengan Januari 2021. Berdasarkan hasil uji chi- square didapatkan pada variabel pengetahuan (pvalue (0,089) > α (0,05)),  sikap (pvalue (0,826)  > α  (0,05)), dan tindakan personal hygiene (pvalue (0,015) ≤ α  (0,05)), sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara tindakan personal hygiene dengan kejadian fluor albus.
Penerapan Senam Bayi Untuk Meningkatkan Perkembangan Motorik Bayi 3-12 Bulan
Authors: Ririn Anggraini  , Tiara Fatrin
Published: May 2022

Perkembangan motorik merupakan perkembangan kematangan dan pengendalian gerak tubuh yang berkembang sejalan dengan kematangan saraf dan otot. Baby gym (Senam bayi) merupakan bentuk permainan gerakan pada bayi untuk merangsang pertumbuhan dan perkembangan serta kemampuan pergerakan bayi secara optimal. Senam bayi sangat penting karena dapat membuat bayi merasa segar. Penelitian ini bertujuan agar diketahuinya cara penerapan senam bayi terhadap motorik bayi dengan menggunakan metode studi literatur maka dilakukan analisis terhadap hasil penelusuran jurnal (e-journal) dan artikel dengan tinjauan teori yang ada (e-book) dimana jurnal yang telah di review yaitu sebanyak 12 jurnal. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa senam bayi dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan motorik bayi dengan usia 3-12 bulan. Adapun gerakan-gerakan dalam melakukan senam bayi yaitu terlentang dan tengkurap. Kemudian lakukan senam ini 2 kali dalam satu minggu dalam kurun waktu 10-15 menit dan perlu dilakukan dalam waktu pagi dan sore. Bagi tenaga kesehatan penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai masukan kepada bidan dan tenaga kesehatan untuk memotivasi ibu atau keluarga untuk melakukan senam bayi,  karena senam bayi berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan perkembangan motorik bayi.
Awareness and Knowledge Regarding Treatment and Management of Children with Special Health Care Needs among Dental Professionals in India
Authors: Fasale Dr. Mangetri , Rao Dr. Dinesh , Panwar Dr. Sunil
Published: May 2022

Aim: To assess the awareness and knowledge regarding treatment and management of child with special health care needs among dental professionals in India
Methods: A multiple choice electronic survey was sent to dentists of India. The data obtained was subjected to descriptive analysis
Results: Majority of the dentists have witnessed a special child in their clinical practice but are not always able to determine the syndrome associated based on the symptoms, hence the child is further referred to a paediatric dentist
Conclusion: Although awareness regarding a special child is considerably high amongst the Indian dentists, there remains a need to improvise the facilities for better treatment of these children.

Keywords: Special health care needs, Awareness, Special child, Barriers.
A Study to Find Correlation between Depression and Quality of Life in Geriatric Population
Authors: Shah Foram , Solanki Pratik , Tandel Nirmal
Published: May 2022

Introduction- Aging, an inevitable process of every living creature, is associated with a reduction in the homeostatic control and reserve capacity of the organ systems, the capability to adapt to environmental factors, and the capacity of a stress response. Depression is defined as a medical illness and a common mental disorder characterized by persistent sadness, discouragement, loss of self-worth and interest in activities and decreased energy. Quality of life can be defined as an individual’s way of perceiving happiness and satisfaction with life and their position in life in relation to the culture and value systems in which they reside in and in context to their expectations, values and concerns incorporating with physical health.
Materials and methodology- For this study, 60 participants were approached. The study was conducted using MMSE, GDS and SF-12 in older adults living in residential areas of Surat and 60 responses were collected. Spearman’s correlation test was performed to find correlation between Depression and Quality of Life. RESULT- Result showed that there is positive correlation between GDS and SF-12 Mental while there is negative correlation between GDS and SF-12 Physical. CONCLUSION- There is moderate to high correlation between depression and quality of life in geriatric population.

Keywords: Aging, Geriatrics, Geriatric Depression Scale, Quality of Life, Depression, MMSE, SF-12.
Enhanced Surveillance of COVID-19 in Scotland - Population-based seroprevalence surveillance 18 May 2022
Authors:   Public Health Scotland
Published: May 2022

The serology work stream aims to estimate the proportion of people who have antibodies to coronavirus ("seroprevalence") in the general population of Scotland and to see if this changes over time.
La performance Socio-économique de L’Entreprise Publique Marocaine face à la confusion des rôles de l’État actionnaire
Authors: Ouchni Amina
Published: May 2022

: Les interventions et les relations mitigées entre l’État et les entreprises publiques sont souvent un sujet d’actualité et de critique. Le but étant de redynamiser l’entreprise publique vu son importance comme levier du développement socio-économique de tout pays.
Ainsi, la confusion dans laquelle se trouve l’État face à l’entreprise publique, (le privilège d’un comportement de tutelle plus que celui d’actionnariat ou de stratège) a eu des répercussions sur cette entité. Créant des dysfonctionnements qui influencent l’ensemble de l’entreprise publique et affectent sa performance.
Pour comprendre la problématique de l’État actionnaire, il est important de mettre en lumière sa fonction et ses prérogatives. Le but étant de trouver les points de divergence entre ce qui doit être fait et ce qui se fait réellement dans le cadre de l’entreprise publique. Ces points de divergence constituent les dysfonctionnements liés à ce problème et qui ont un impact sur la performance socio-économique de cette entité.
Les résultats de notre étude confirment notre hypothèse et met en évidence les différentes relations de cause à effet qui existent entre les disfonctionnements issus de la confusion du rôle de l’État actionnaire et les composantes de la performance socio-économique.
Implementation of 9P Marketing Mix Strategy in Order to Increase Sales Volume in Abdul Ghoffar Rejotangan Tulungagung's Koi Fish Farming Business
Authors: Jumari Irkha Fitriana , Astutiningsih Sri Eka
Published: May 2022

The marketing mix consists of all the things a company can do to find out the demand for its products. This research was aimed to analyze the application of the 9P marketing mix strategy in increasing sales volume as an effort to maximize profits in the Abdul Ghoffar Rejotangan Tulungagung’s Koi Fish Farming Business. This research used descriptive research methods and STP with a qualitative approach. Sources of data in this research were primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The research was carried out with 5 informants, they were business owners, employees, consumers 1, consumers 2, and competitors. The results showed that the 9P marketing mix strategy at the Abdul Ghoffar Rejotangan Tulungagung’s Koi Fish Farming Business was carried out in various ways. First, the various products produced with 11 kinds of fish, good quality products concerning the size of the koi fish, and innovative products. Second, the price offered was affordable according to the target market. Third, marketing and delivery locations were strategic and easy to reach. Fourth, various promotions so prospective consumers could easily find products. Fifth, good quality business locations by classifying fish according to conditions. Sixth, conducted training for employees to produce good service to consumers. Seventh, an effective delivery process by choosing the right distributor. Eighth, did safe packaging. Ninth, used an easy payment method. This research concluded that the implementation of the 9P marketing mix strategy can have an impact on increasing sales volume in Abdul Ghoffar Rejotangan Tulungagung’s Koi Fish Farming Business.
Methodology for structuring a dataset of cervical cell images for the study of malignancy changes associated in conventional Pap Test
Authors: Franco Ramon Adrian Salinas , Coelho Guilherme P. , Martins Paulo S. , Enciso Jeannete L. , Carvalho Marco A. G.
Published: May 2022

The Pap test is a screening procedure used worldwide for the diagnosis of cervical cancer. The MalignancyAssociated Changes (MAC) are slight morphological and textural changes that take place in the chromatin ofthe cell nucleus. Their study allows the early detection of several types of cancers. However, the number ofdata set for MAC studies is limited by the technical aspects that must be followed. In this work, we createda data set for the study of MAC in images of cervical cells from conventional cytology exams. To extract thecharacteristics of the nuclei, the color channels were separated by the contribution of Hematoxylin and Orange G6dye, which identified morphological, illumination and texture characteristics. As a result, 1186 nuclei of patientseither with some type of anomaly or without anomalies were obtained. To separate the regions of the nuclei, thenon-linear regression function and theWatershedalgorithm with an accuracy of 85.6 % were used. This dataset contains adequate data to complement future work in MAC study of cervical cells from conventional pap smears.
Arquiteturas de redes neurais e suas aplicabilidades para classificação de sinais EEG para BCI
Authors: Savenhago Rafael Luis , De Ávila Paulo Muniz , Ortolan Rodrigo Lício
Published: May 2022

Muitas pessoas no mundo sofrem com algum tipo de doença motora que atrapalha sua vida cotidiana. Uma das formas de melhorar a vida dessas pessoas é através da chamada Interface Cérebro Computador. No entanto, esse método até o momento deixa a desejar quanto a taxa de acerto de suas classificações. Este artigo visa explorar e comparar arquiteturas de redes neurais para classificação de sinais de Eletroencefalograma para Interface Cérebro Computador utilizando diversas arquiteturas diferentes, inclusive as pouco exploradas Redes de Valores Complexos, e testar novas possibilidades de funções de ativação. A metodologia de execução deste trabalho envolve o pré-processamento de dados de sinal EEG já rotulados, divisão em bandas de sinal com base nas faixas de frequência características do cérebro definidas por delta (0.5-4HZ), theta (4-8HZ), alpha (8-13HZ), e beta (acima de 13HZ). Os frames de tempo gerados pela separação em bandas são utilizados para alimentar as diversas arquiteturas que serão avaliadas.