bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pd‐Catalyzed [3+2]‐Dehydrogenative Annulation Reactions
Authors: Liu Yang , Roch Mikaël Le , Mori Alessia , Pradal Alexandre , Poli Giovanni , Oble Julie
Published: August 2023

The significance of cross dehydrogenative couplings has increased considerably in recent years. This article revisits the [3+2] C−C/N−C, C−C/O−C and C−C/C−C annulation strategy, recently reported by our group, according to a Pd(II) catalyzed dehydrogenative variant. Our original report relied on Pd(0) catalysis, using α,β‐unsaturated‐γ‐oxy carbonyls as bis‐electrophiles and resonance‐stabilized acetamides or 3‐oxoglutarates as C/N and O/C or C/C bis‐nucleophiles, respectively. In this more modern and straightforward Pd(II)‐catalyzed dehydrogenative approach, β,γ‐unsaturated carbonyl derivatives replace α,β‐unsaturated‐γ‐oxy carbonyls as bis‐electrophiles. Our study includes experimental optimization and showcases the synthetic versatility in the formation of diverse heterocyclic structures, such as bicyclic lactams, furo‐cycloalkanones and bicycloalkane‐diones. Furthermore, a mechanism is proposed to elucidate the underlying processes involved in these reactions.
The role of retention in enrollment management
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J.
Published: August 2023

Several years ago, I wrote A Practical Guide to Enrollment and Retention Management in Higher Education. I believed then, as I do now, that retention management is as important as enrollment management and is essential for any enrollment management program to succeed.
Five questions with Lehigh's Carina Sitkus
Authors: Talarico Donna
Published: August 2023

On occasion, we will profile a communications professional to give you an inside look at what's happening in departments like yours.
Magnetohydrodynamic forced convection in bidisperse porous medium: Analysis of flow and temperature distributions in a parallel‐plate channel
Authors: Vanengmawia P. C. , Ontela Surender
Published: August 2023

This study aims to explore magnetohydrodynamic forced convection in a parallel‐plate channel filled with a bidisperse porous medium, while emphasizing the significance of viscous dissipation. The study utilizes the two‐velocity two‐temperature model to analyze the flow and temperature distributions in both the fluid phase and solid phase. Convective boundary conditions at the channel walls are considered, and momentum slip is incorporated into the analysis. By nondimensionalizing the governing equations and employing the Homotopy Analysis Method, the velocity and temperature profiles for both phases are determined. Notably, the findings of the study highlight a notable discrepancy in the temperature increase between the solid phase and the fluid phase. Furthermore, the study investigates the impact of various parameters, such as the Darcy number, Biot number, slip parameter, Hartmann number, and Brinkman number, on velocity, temperature, Nusselt number, and skin friction.
Mechanobiological cell adaptations to changing microenvironments determine cancer invasiveness: Experimentally validated finite element modeling
Authors: Tulchinsky Marina , Weihs Daphne
Published: August 2023

Metastases are the leading cause of cancer‐associated deaths. A key process in metastasis is cell invasiveness, which is driven and controlled by cancer cell interactions with their microenvironment. We have previously shown that invasive cancer cells forcefully push into and indent physiological stiffness gels to cell‐scale depths, where the percentage of indenting cells and their attained depths provide clinically relevant predictions of tumor invasiveness and the potential metastatic risk. The cell‐attained, invasive indentation depths are directly affected by gel‐microenvironment mechanics, which can concurrently modulate the cells' mechanics and force application capacity, in a complex, coordinated mechanobiological response. As it is impossible to experimentally isolate the different contributions of cell and gel mechanics to cancer cell invasiveness, we perform finite element modeling with literature‐based parameters. Under average‐scale, cell cytoplasm and nucleus mechanics and cell‐applied force levels, increasing gel stiffness 1–50 kPa significantly reduced the attained indentation depth by >200%, while the gel's Poisson ratio reduced depths only by up to 20% and only when the ratio was >0.4; this reveals microenvironment mechanics that can promote invasiveness. Experiments with varying‐invasiveness cancer cells exhibited qualitative variations in their responses to gel stiffness increase, for example large/small reduction in indentation depth or increase and then reduction. We quantitatively and qualitatively reproduced the different experimental responses via coordinated changes in cell mechanics and applied force levels. Thus, the different cancer cell capacities to adapt their mechanobiology in response to mechanically changing microenvironments likely determine the varying cancer invasiveness and metastatic risk levels in patients.
Coarse‐graining kinetic networks in photosynthetic energy transport
Authors: Yang Yun‐Chung , Hong Jia‐Cheng , Wang Jun
Published: August 2023

Photosynthetic systems utilize hundreds of chlorophylls to collect sunlight and transport the energy to the reaction center with remarkably high quantum efficiency, however, the large size of the system together with the complex interactions among the components make it extremely challenging to understand the dynamics of light harvesting in large photosynthetic systems. To shed light on this problem, we present a structure‐based theoretical framework that can be used to calculate transition rate matrix describing energy transport in photosynthetic systems and network clustering methods that provide simplified coarse‐grained model revealing key structures guiding the light harvesting process. We constructed an effective model for energy transport in a Photosystem II supercomplex and applied several network clustering methods to generate coarse‐grained kinetic cluster models for the system. Furthermore, we evaluated the performances of the network clustering methods, and show that a spectral clustering method and a minimum cut approach produce accurate coarse‐grained models for the PSII‐sc system. The results indicate that finding bottlenecks of energy transport is a crucial factor for reduced representations of photosynthetic light harvesting, and the overall work presented in this paper should provide a comprehensive theoretical framework to elucidate the dynamics of light harvesting in photosynthetic systems.
Combined effects of dietary carbohydrate levels and ammonia stress on growth, antioxidant capacity and glucose metabolism in juvenile oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense)
Authors: Wei Shanshan , Liu Ting , Zhao Yani , Xiao Yang , Zhou Dongsheng , Zheng Jinxian , Zhou Dong , Ding Zhili , Xu Qiyou , Limbu Samwel Mchele , Kong Youqin
Published: August 2023

Ammonia is a common environmental stress factor that constrains aquaculture industry development. This study evaluated the effect of carbohydrate levels and ammonia stress in oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense). The experiment had six treatments containing two water ammonia levels (0 and 5 mg/L) and three dietary carbohydrate levels (low carbohydrate diet (LCD, 10%), medium carbohydrate diet [MCD, 20%], and high carbohydrate diet [HCD, 30%]), and lasted six weeks. The results showed that the prawns fed on MCD had higher weight gain than those fed on LCD and HCD during ammonia stress. Moreover, the prawns fed on MCD had significantly lower acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities during ammonia stress. Feeding the prawns on the MCD increased B cells in the hepatopancreas during ammonia stress. Interestingly, the prawns fed on MCD had significantly lower superoxide dismutase activity compared to LCD and HCD during ammonia stress. Moreover, the prawns fed on MCD had significantly lower pyruvate kinase activity and pyruvate and lactic acid contents, while those fed on LCD had significantly higher succinic dehydrogenase, 6‐phosphogluconic dehydrogenase, and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase activities during ammonia stress. The prawns fed on the MCD increased significantly glutaminase activity and decreased the ammonia content in the serum during ammonia exposure. In addition, feeding the prawns on MCD decreased significantly the expression of apoptosis and inflammation‐related genes. Taken together, the MCD supplied energy required to counteract ammonia stress, which increased growth, improved antioxidant capacity, facilitated ammonia excretion, and alleviated inflammation and apoptosis of the oriental river prawn.
Development of an ubiquitin‐proteasome system signature for predicting prognosis and providing therapeutic guidance for patients with triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Chen Xiaoqing , Ren Chongyang , Zhou Zhisheng , Chen Jiewen , Fan Xulong , Li Xiangzhi , Chen Jintao , Zhu Jing
Published: August 2023

Background

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a pathological subtype with a high mortality, and the development of inhibitors in the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) component could be a novel therapeutic tool.

Methods

Triple‐negative breast cancer data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and subtype analysis was performed by consistent clustering analysis to identify molecular subtypes of TNBC according to UPS characteristics. Differential analysis, COX and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) COX regression analyses were performed to select genes associated with overall survival in TNBC. The final prognostic model (UPS score) was determined using the LASSO COX model. The model performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and survival curves. In addition, the results of the UPS score on analyzing the abundance of immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy were explored. Finally, we developed a nomogram for TNBC survival prediction.

Results

Two UPS subtypes (UPSMS1 and UPSMS2) showing significant survival differences were classified. COX regression analysis on differentially expressed genes in UPSMS1 and UPSMS2 filtered five genes that affected overall survival. Based on the regression coefficients and expression data of the five genes, we built a prognostic assessment system (UPS score). The UPS score showed consistent prognostic and therapeutic guidance values. Finally, the ROC curve of the nomogram and UPS score showed the highest predictive efficacy compared with traditional clinical prognostic indicators.

Conclusion

The UPS score represented a promising prognostic tool to predict overall survival and immune status and guide personalized treatment selection in TNBC patients, and this study may provide a more practical alternative for clinical monitoring and management of TNBC.
LC–MS methods combination for identification and quantification of trans‐sinapoylquinic acid regioisomers in green coffee
Authors: Colomban Silvia , De Rosso Mirko , Flamini Riccardo , Navarini Luciano
Published: August 2023

The present study aims to both identify and quantify trans‐sinapoylquinic acid (SiQA) regioisomers in green coffee by combined UHPLC‐ESI‐QqTOF‐MS/MS and UHPLC‐ESI‐QqQ‐MS/MS methods. Among the various mono‐acyl chlorogenic acids found in green coffee, SiQA regioisomers are the least studied despite having been indicated as unique phytochemical markers of Coffea canephora (known as Robusta). The lack of commercially available authentic standards has been bypassed by resorting to the advantages offered by high‐resolution LC–MS as far as the identification is concerned. SiQA regioisomers have been identified in several samples of Robusta and Coffea arabica (known as Arabica) commercial lots from different geographical origin and, for the first time, in different samples of coffee wild species (Coffea liberica and Coffea pseudozanguebariae). Quantification (total SiQA ranging from 3 to 5 mg/100 g) let to reconsider these chlorogenic acids as unique phytochemical markers of Robusta being present in the same quantity and distribution in C. liberica as well. Gardeniae Fructus samples (fruits of Gardenia jasminoides) have additionally been characterized as this matrix is recognized as one of the few naturally occurring SiQA sources. The SiQA regioisomer content (total SiQA about 80 mg/100 mg) fully supports the proposal to use this matrix as a surrogate standard for further studies.
Changes of the streamflow of northern river basins of Siberia and their teleconnections to climate patterns
Authors: Zhang Shuyu , Gan Thian Yew , Bush Andrew B. G. , Liu Junguo , Zolina Olga , Gelfan Alexander
Published: August 2023

The Arctic rivers contribute more than one‐third of the total freshwater streamflow into the Arctic Ocean and play an essential role in the heat and mass circulation of the Arctic atmosphere/ocean system. As the Arctic is warming faster than the global average, the streamflow from Arctic basins increases. This study analyzed the streamflow of the three largest Siberian rivers: the Lena, Yenisei, and Ob', at multiple temporal scales. Results show that the annual streamflow of each river basin exhibits statistically significant increasing trends, while the seasonal streamflow of sub‐basins generally decreases in the summer but increases in the winter. Both autocorrelation and long‐term persistency are often found in the streamflow time series, which indicates significant changes in the large‐scale climatological environment. Therefore, wavelet coherence between the streamflow and large‐scale climate patterns, including the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), North Pacific pattern (NP), Arctic Oscillation (AO), and the Pacific/North America Pattern (PNA), have been conducted. NP and ENSO are found to have positive relationships with the precipitation and the ratio of potential evapotranspiration over the precipitation. AO and the PNA are found to have positive relationships with the streamflow of the Ob' and Yenisei rivers at decadal and multidecadal scales. This study demonstrates that the existence of nonstationarities within the Siberian streamflow as the combined impact of climate change alters the hydroclimatological and terrestrial environment of Siberia. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the hydrologic changes to warming trends and oscillations of climate patterns, which contribute to our understanding and the prediction of streamflow of these northern rivers.
Voice outcomes in high‐grade Reinke's edema: Comparing microflap excision and microdebrider surgery
Authors: Bentsianov Boris , Liang Jennifer J. , Bentsianov Elizabeth
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Patients presenting with hoarseness and diagnosed with high‐grade Reinke's edema (RE) will often require surgical intervention for polypoid changes of the true vocal folds. We compared patient outcomes in patients who had microflap or microdebrider excision surgeries.

Methods

Patients with the diagnosis of grade II or grade III RE based on laryngoscopy or videostroboscopy who failed conservative management underwent surgery using the standard excision practice of the primary surgeon. Voice outcomes were compared using VHI‐30 (Voice Handicap Index), V‐RQOL (Voice‐Related Quality of Life), and MPT (maximum phonation time) preoperatively and at 1‐month and 6‐months postoperatively.

Results

Of the 115 patients included, there were 46 RE grade II patients and 69 RE grade III patients with 52 patient undergoing microflap surgery and 63 patients undergoing microdebrider surgery. Both procedures resulted in significant improvement in VHI‐30, V‐RQOL, and MPT at 1‐month and 6‐months postoperatively. The microdebrider group had better 6‐month VHI scores (40.84) than the microflap group (44.54) (CI −7.27 to −0.12). The microdebrider group also had better 6‐month V‐RQOL measures (62.56) than the microflap group (57.79) (CI 0.38–9.16).

Conclusion

Both microflap excision and microdebrider excision for high‐grade RE lesions resulted in significant improvement in VHI‐30, V‐RQOL, and MPT at 1‐month and 6‐months postoperatively with the microdebrider excision group scoring statistically significantly better at 6 months in comparison to the microflap group. Overall, the results support the use of both surgical modalities for treating high‐grade RE patients.

Level of evidence

3.
Quantification of modified nucleotides and nucleosides by isotope dilution mass spectrometry
Authors: Marchante‐Gayón Juan M. , Nicolás Carcelén Jesús , Potes Rodríguez Helí , Pineda‐Cevallos Daniela , Rodas Sánchez Laura , González‐Gago Adriana , Rodríguez‐González Pablo , García Alonso Jose I.
Published: August 2023

Epigenetic modifications are closely related to certain disorders of the organism, including the development of tumors. One of the main epigenetic modifications is the methylation of DNA cytosines, 5‐methyl‐2′‐deoxycycytidine. Furthermore, 5‐mdC can be oxidized to form three new modifications, 5‐(hydroxymethyl)‐2′‐deoxycytidine, 5‐formyl‐2′‐deoxycytidine, and 5‐carboxy‐2′‐deoxycytidine. The coupling of liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry has been widely used for the total determination of methylated DNA cytosines in samples of biological and clinical interest. These methods are based on the measurement of the free compounds (e.g., urine) or after complete hydrolysis of the DNA (e.g., tissues) followed by a preconcentration, derivatization, and/or clean‐up step. This review highlights the main advances in the quantification of modified nucleotides and nucleosides by isotope dilution using isotopically labeled analogs combined with liquid or gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry reported in the last 20 years. The different possible sources of labeled compounds are indicated. Special emphasis has been placed on the different types of chromatography commonly used (reverse phase and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography) and the derivatization methods developed to enhance chromatographic resolution and ionization efficiency. We have also revised the application of bidimensional chromatography and indicated significant biological and clinical applications of these determinations.
Inventory cooperation strategies between one supplier and two recycling centers
Authors: Gao Niu , Qu Lin‐Chi , Jiang Yuan‐Tao
Published: August 2023

Due to environmental and economic incentives, reverse supply chains have developed. In a reverse supply chain, due to the uncertainty of recycling, the probability of out‐of‐stock is high for recycled parts. In inventory management, transshipment and substitution are often used to avoid various consequences caused by stock shortages. This paper deals with a single‐echelon inventory system with two recycling centers and one supplier. Given demand characteristics, replenishment methods, and sharing rules, four inventory models: general strategy, lateral transshipment between the two recycling centers, substitution between recycling centers, and the supplier and the multi‐strategy are constructed. In the numerical example, Mathematica 11.3 is used to solve the models. Results show that lateral transshipment does not necessarily reduce the cost of recycling centers, while the substitution strategy and the multistrategy are better than the other two, among which the multistrategy is usually better than the substitution, unless the recycling center faces low replenishment rates with high demand rates. These conclusions can provide some management implications for recycling companies.
Coordination through HIE allows MH agency to maintain client contact
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: August 2023

Real‐time data from the state of Connecticut's Health Information Exchange (HIE) is allowing a local mental health provider organization to maintain critical contact with clients whose health status in the community can rapidly change.
Kohl's donates $6M to NAMI to increase MH services, resources
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: August 2023

Kohl's Corporation announced last week a $6 million donation to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) to help expand mental health support groups, programming and resources for individuals across the country, with a focus on reaching BIPOC communities, the press release news agency, Business Wire, reported on Aug. 15.
Perioperative anticoagulation in head and neck free flap reconstructions: Experience of an anticoagulative scheme and its modification
Authors: Grill Florian D. , Pilstl Lisa , Ritschl Lucas M. , Bomhard Achim von , Stimmer Herbert , Kolk Andreas , Loeffelbein Denys J. , Wolff Klaus‐Dietrich , Mücke Thomas , Fichter Andreas M.
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Microvascular anastomoses in microvascular reconstructions induce rheological changes in the anastomosed vessels and are usually counteracted by anticoagulative medication. There is no regimen commonly agreed on. This study provides an easy to use anticoagulative regimen.

Patients and Methods

Consecutive cases of either anticoagulative regimen between 2013 and 2018 that underwent microvascular reconstruction in the head and neck area were included in this retrospective study, resulting in 400 cases in total. Two different anticoagulative regimens were applied to 200 patients in each group: (a) intraoperatively administered unfractionated 5000 I.U. high molecular weight heparin (HMWH) and postoperatively low molecular weight heparin (LMWH, Enoxaparin) 1 mg/kg/body weight postoperatively and (b) intraoperatively LMWH 0.5 mg/kg/body weight as well as 12 h later and 1 mg/kg/body weight postoperatively.

Results

The LMWH cohort showed fewer overall thromboembolic (8.5% vs. 11%; p = .40) and peripheral thrombotic events (1% vs. 3.5%; p = .18) and lung embolisms (3% vs. 4%; p = .59). The number of thromboses at the site of the anastomosis was equally distributed. In regard to flap‐specific complications, LMWH was associated with a positive effect, in particular with respect to total flap losses (5% vs. 7%; p = .40) and wound‐healing disorders (14.5% vs. 20%; p = .145).

Conclusion

Findings indicate that intra‐ and postoperatively administered LMWH as the only anticoagulative medication seems reliable in our clinical routine of head and neck free flap reconstructions.
Osteocutaneous superficial circumflex iliac perforator flap for the lower extremity bone and soft tissue reconstruction with perforator‐to‐perforator anastomosis after radical debridement of tibia osteomyelitis: A case report
Authors: Imai Hirofumi , Yoshida Shuhei , Mese Toshiro , Roh Solji , Sasaki Ayano , Nagamatsu Shogo , Koshima Isao
Published: August 2023

Reconstruction of soft tissue and bone defects in tibia chronic osteomyelitis is challenging and often managed by free flap with bone graft. However, the use of osteocutaneous free flap combined with perforator‐to‐perforator anastomosis has not been reported. We report the case of a 62‐year‐old man presenting with soft tissue and bone defects with right tibial chronic osteomyelitis, which was successfully treated with an osteocutaneous superficial circumflex iliac perforator (SCIP) flap with perforator‐to‐perforator anastomosis. After radical debridement and excision of the sequestrum, a 17 × 10‐cm skin defect and a 4 × 3‐cm bone defect remained. An osteocutaneous SCIP flap, containing a 16 × 9‐cm skin paddle and 4 × 2‐cm iliac bone, was transferred and anastomosed to the posterior tibial perforator in an end‐to‐end fashion. An artificial dermis was placed to cover the soft tissue. At 1 week postoperatively, the artificial dermis was partially infected, which required small debridement. Full weight‐bearing was permitted 5 weeks postoperatively, and the patient walked independently. No evidence of recurrence of osteomyelitis or skin ulcers was observed at 15 months postoperatively. Therefore, osteocutaneous SCIP flap with perforator‐to‐perforator anastomosis may be a potential alternative treatment for soft tissue and bone defects after radical debridement of tibia osteomyelitis.
Primary perineuritis, a rare but treatable neuropathy: Review of perineurial anatomy, clinicopathological features, and differential diagnosis
Authors: Collins Michael P. , Hadden Robert D. M. , Shahnoor Nazima
Published: August 2023

The perineurium surrounds each fascicle in peripheral nerves, forming part of the blood–nerve barrier. We describe its normal anatomy and function. “Perineuritis” refers to both a nonspecific histopathological finding and more specific clinicopathological entity, primary perineuritis (PP). Patients with PP are often assumed to have nonsystemic vasculitic neuropathy until nerve biopsy is performed. We systematically reviewed the literature on PP and developed a differential diagnosis for histopathologically defined perineuritis. We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science for “perineuritis.” We identified 20 cases (11 M/9F) of PP: progressive, unexplained neuropathy with biopsy showing perineuritis without vasculitis or other known predisposing condition. Patients ranged in age from 18 to 75 (mean 53.7) y and had symptoms 2–24 (median 4.5) mo before diagnosis. Neuropathy was usually sensory‐motor (15/20), painful (18/19), multifocal (16/20), and distal‐predominant (16/17) with legs more affected than arms. Truncal numbness occurred in 6/17; 10/18 had elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein. Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) demonstrated primarily axonal changes. Nerve biopsies showed T‐cell‐predominant inflammation, widening, and fibrosis of perineurium; infiltrates in epineurium in 10/20 and endoneurium in 7/20; and non‐uniform axonal degeneration. Six had epithelioid cells. 19/20 received corticosteroids, 8 with additional immunomodulators; 18/19 improved. Two patients did not respond to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). At final follow‐up, 13/16 patients had mild and 2/16 moderate disability; 1/16 died. Secondary causes of perineuritis include leprosy, vasculitis, neurosarcoidosis, neuroborreliosis, neurolymphomatosis, toxic oil syndrome, eosinophilia‐myalgia syndrome, and rarer conditions. PP appears to be an immune‐mediated, corticosteroid‐responsive disorder. It mimics nonsystemic vasculitic neuropathy. Cases with epithelioid cells might represent peripheral nervous system (PNS)‐restricted forms of sarcoidosis.
Carpal tunnel syndrome in pregnancy
Authors: Bland Jeremy D. P.
Published: August 2023

See article on pages 380–387 in this issue.
Consider implications of Supreme Court decision regarding affirmative action in admissions
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: August 2023

In a decision that reverberated throughout the halls of higher education, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down race‐conscious admissions programs at Harvard University and the University of North Carolina (see Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. President and Fellows of Harvard College, Slip Op. No. 20‐1199 (2023)). The decision overturns decades of precedent and effectively invalidates affirmative action policies in college admissions.
Effect of semaglutide 2.4 mg once weekly on 10‐year type 2 diabetes risk in adults with overweight or obesity
Authors: Wilkinson Lua , Holst‐Hansen Thomas , Laursen Peter N. , Rinnov Anders R. , Batterham Rachel L. , Garvey W. Timothy
Published: August 2023

Objective

In the Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People with obesity (STEP) trials, once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg plus lifestyle intervention reduced body weight and improved cardiometabolic parameters in adults with obesity (or overweight with weight‐related comorbidities). Effects on the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) require investigation.

Methods

STEP 1 (68 weeks) and 5 (104 weeks) randomized participants to semaglutide 2.4 mg or placebo. STEP 4 included a 20‐week semaglutide run‐in followed by randomization to 48 weeks of continued semaglutide or withdrawal (placebo). Ten‐year T2D risk scores were calculated post hoc using Cardiometabolic Disease Staging.

Results

In STEP 1 (N = 1583), relative risk score reductions were greater with semaglutide versus placebo (semaglutide: −61.1%; placebo: −12.9%; p < 0.0001). These reductions were maintained to week 104 in STEP 5 (N = 295; semaglutide: −60.0%; placebo: 3.5%; p < 0.0001). Risk scores during the STEP 4 run‐in period (N = 776) were reduced from 20.6% to 11.1% and further to 7.7% at week 68 with continued semaglutide, increasing to 15.4% with withdrawal (relative risk score change: semaglutide: −32.1%; placebo: +40.6%; p < 0.0001). Risk score reductions mirrored weight loss.

Conclusions

Cardiometabolic Disease Staging risk assessment suggests that once‐weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg may substantially lower 10‐year T2D risk in people with overweight or obesity.

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Assessing attribution in the criminal behavior of mentally disordered offenders: Developing a Japanese version of the Gudjonsson Blame Attribution Inventory‐Revised
Authors: Arakawa Ikuko , Sekiguchi Yosuke , Takeda Koji , Watanabe Kazumi , Kuroki Noriomi , Kono Toshiaki , Kinoshita Hidetoshi , Enokida Takako , Suzuki Takao , Takahashi Hidehiko , Okada Takayuki
Published: August 2023

Aim

Treating individuals with a mental disorder and a history of criminal behavior (mentally disordered offenders [MDOs]) aims to enable patients to maintain their health and facilitate social rehabilitation while preventing adverse outcomes, such as violent recidivism or suicide. Understanding and responding to their own insight on their criminal behavior is crucial to achieving this goal. This article aims to develop a Japanese version of the Gudjonsson Blame Attribution Inventory‐Revised (GBAI‐R) and investigate the reliability and validity of the scale for MDOs in Japan.

Methods

In addition to developing the Japanese version of GBAI‐R (GBAI‐RJ), psychological data relevant to the Japanese study were collected and analyzed. Factor analysis was employed.

Results

Seventy‐seven Japanese native participants were recruited from forensic psychiatric inpatients, outpatients, and medical prison inmates between 2020 and 2022. The results demonstrated that the dimensions on the GBAI‐RJ had a similar factor structure to those reported in previous studies. The GBAI‐RJ has both test/retest reliability and internal consistency.

Conclusion

The three dimensions Guilt Factor, External Factor, and Mental Element Factor from the original version in English are applicable to the Japanese version for assessing attribution and comparing the findings with those of the previous studies.
A longitudinal observational study on the epidemiology of painful procedures and sucrose administration in hospitalized preterm neonates
Authors: Bueno Mariana , Ballantyne Marilyn , Campbell‐Yeo Marsha , Estabrooks Carole , Gibbins Sharyn , Harrison Denise , McNair Carol , Riahi Shirine , Squires Janet , Synnes Anne , Taddio Anna , Victor Charles , Yamada Janet , Stevens Bonnie
Published: August 2023

Although sucrose is widely administered to hospitalized infants for single painful procedures, total sucrose volume during the entire neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay and associated adverse events are unknown. In a longitudinal observation study, we aimed to quantify and contextualize sucrose administration during the NICU stay. Specifically, we investigated the frequency, nature, and severity of painful procedures; proportion of procedures where neonates received sucrose; total volume of sucrose administered for painful procedures; and incidence and type of adverse events. Neonates <32 weeks gestational age at birth and <10 days of life were recruited from four Canadian tertiary NICUs. Daily chart reviews of documented painful procedures, sucrose administration, and any associated adverse events were undertaken. One hundred sixty‐eight neonates underwent a total of 9093 skin‐breaking procedures (mean 54.1 [±65.2] procedures/neonate or 1.1 [±0.9] procedures/day/neonate) during an average NICU stay of 45.9 (±31.4) days. Pain severity was recorded for 5399/9093 (59.4%) of the painful procedures; the majority (5051 [93.5%]) were heel lances of moderate pain intensity. Sucrose was administered for 7839/9093 (86.2%) of painful procedures. The total average sucrose volume was 5.5 (±5.4) mL/neonate or 0.11 (±0.08) mL/neonate/day. Infants experienced an average of 7.9 (±12.7) minor adverse events associated with pain and/or sucrose administration that resolved without intervention. The total number of painful procedures, sucrose volume, and incidence of adverse events throughout the NICU stay were described addressing an important knowledge gap in neonatal pain. These data provide a baseline for examining the association between total sucrose volume during NICU stay and research on longer‐term behavioral and neurodevelopmental outcomes.
The synthesis of optically active poly(phenylethyl acrylate) via SET‐LRP
Authors: Feng Xiaojing , Yuan Wenxia
Published: August 2023

We present the synthesis of optically active polymers derived from S‐phenylethyl acrylate and R‐phenylethyl acrylate for the first time. Cu(0) wire‐catalyzed single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) methodology which provides a feasible platform makes its new application in designing and developing these two polymers. At various degrees of polymerizations (DPs) ranging from 100 to 400, first‐order kinetics is observed. In all cases, SET‐LRP demonstrates a rapid polymerization rate while maintaining excellent control over polymer's molecular weight, polydispersity and chain‐end functionality. These advantages facilitate the development of both homopolymers and block copolymers through in situ chain extensions. The circular dichroism measurement confirms that the SET‐LRP method yields optically active polymers derived from two enantiomeric monomers, which exhibit mirrored spectra.
Copolyarylates containing phthalazinone and cardo moieties: An attempt toward the balance between thermal resistance and solubility
Authors: Xu Peiqi , Liu Qian , Wang Danhui , Li Hailong , Lv Fei , Feng Huimei , Sun Fanchen , Che Xuefu , Zhang Shouhai , Jian Xigao
Published: August 2023

A series of copolyarylates containing phthalazinone and cardo moieties are synthesized by interfacial polymerization of terephthaloyl dichloride with bisphenol monomers including 2,4‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐2,3‐phthalazin‐1‐one, 9,9‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl) fluorene, and phenolphthalein. The intrinsic viscosity and number average molecular weight of copolyarylates are in the range of 0.71–1.01 dL g−1 and 16.3–28.4 kDa, respectively, indicating the formation of medium molecular weight copolymers. The effects of phthalazinone and cardo moieties on the solubility and thermal resistance of copolyarylates are discussed in detail. With only phthalazinone moieties, the polyarylate has high thermal resistance with the glass transition temperature (Tg) of 335 °C, but poor solubility. The introduction of cardo moieties enables the produced copolyarylates readily soluble in chloroform, 1,1,2,2‐tetrachloroethane, and N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, for they not only increase the free volume of intermolecular chains but also lead to a fractional reduction in the structural stiffness of copolymers. Although the decrease in structural stiffness is related to a decrease in Tg value, fortunately, the rigid cardo and phthalazinone moieties allow the thermal resistance of copolyarylate to reach the leading level among (co)polyarylates. In addition, the resulting copolyarylates have good tensile properties. These copolyarylates have important application prospects in the high thermal‐resistant material industry.
Economic restructuring as a human resource panacea for Nigeria's poverty
Authors: Aduma Aloysius T. , Onah Celestine C. , Asadu Ikechukwu
Published: August 2023

Nigeria has consistently been ranked over the years as one of the poorest nations of the world in spite of her abundant natural and human resources. Solutions to this intractable problem are being sought and restructuring the country's constitution to grant more economic power to state and local governments is suggested as a catalyst that could usher in development and prosperity. This paper aims to address whether restructuring economic aspects of Nigeria's constitution will help usher in prosperity in the country. A qualitative content analysis model was employed in this study. This research finds evidence that if genuinely pursued, economic restructuring has the potential to bring in significant economic progress/prosperity and development without breaking up the polity. It is recommended that to achieve these goals, the process of amending the national constitution must be made easier by the parliament and mutual trust among ethnic nationalities across the country must be cultivated and harvested.
The grassy ecosystems of Madagascar in context: Ecology, evolution, and conservation
Authors: Silander John A. , Bond William J. , Ratsirarson Joelisoa
Published: August 2023

Societal Impact Statement

Madagascar is famous for its unique forests and their fauna. Most of the island is covered by flammable grassy ecosystems long considered to be of human origin and threatening the remaining forests. Yet new studies show that many plants and animals of the grassy systems are unique to Madagascar and restricted to these open habitats. Open grassy ecosystems have markedly different management requirements from forests and bring different contributions to society. We argue that the grassy ecosystems can benefit Madagascar if understood and managed wisely using expanded knowledge bases that also include collaboration with locals.

Until recently, nearly all research and interests in Madagascar focused on forested habitats. To help place Madagascar's grassy ecosystems in context, we provide a summary of the origin, development, and evolution of open tropical, C4 grassy ecosystems elsewhere, especially those from Africa; we summarize similarities and differences with the distribution of C3 and C4 grasses in the Malagasy landscape, their plant traits, and inferences on the evolutionary legacy of grasses. We also discuss the animal communities that use and have coevolved in these grassy systems; to help resolve controversies over the pre‐settlement extent of grassy ecosystems, we suggest a variety of complementary geochemical, palaeobotanical, and molecular genetic tools that have been effectively used elsewhere to untangle forest/grassy ecosystem mosaics and the ecological and evolutionary processes that influence them. Many of these tools can and should be employed in Madagascar to fully understand the spatio‐temporal dynamics of open, grassy, and closed forest systems across the island; as regards conservation, we discuss the ecosystem services provided by grassy systems, which are too often ignored in general, not only as a biome, vis‐à‐vis forests, but also for their global importance as a carbon sink and role they play in water management and providing goods to local villagers. We conclude by outlining the necessary research to better manage open ecosystems across Madagascar without threatening endangered forest ecosystems.
II. Geometrical framework for thinking about globular proteins: The power of poking
Authors: Škrbić Tatjana , Giacometti Achille , Hoang Trinh X. , Maritan Amos , Banavar Jayanth R.
Published: August 2023

Recently, we presented a framework for understanding protein structure based on the idea that simple constructs of holding hands or touching of objects can be used to rationalize the common characteristics of globular proteins. We developed a consistent approach for understanding the formation of the two key common building blocks of helices and sheets as well as the compatible assembly of secondary structures into the tertiary structure through the notion of poking pairwise interactions. Here we benchmark our predictions with a detailed analysis of structural data of over 4000 proteins from the Protein Data Bank. We also present the results of detailed computer simulations of a simplified model demonstrating a pre‐sculpted free energy landscape, determined by geometry and symmetry, comprising numerous minima corresponding to putative native state structures. We explore the consequences of our model. Our results suggest that symmetry and geometry are a powerful guide to capture the simplicity underlying protein complexity.
A neural fictitious self‐play anti‐jamming strategy for secondary frequency control in microgrids with imperfect observations
Authors: Li Yang , Liu Shichao , Zhu Li , Chen Bo
Published: August 2023

The microgrid secondary control systems are facing increasing threats of cyberattacks, due to the involvement of wireless communication infrastructures between microgrid control center (MGCC) and distributed generators (DGs). While most existing works focused on either the links from DGs to the MGCC (feedback channels) or the links from the MGCC to DGs (forward channels) under perfect observations, the two wireless links could be attacked simultaneously and are subject to non‐malicious environment perturbations besides cyberattacks. In this work, we propose a decentralized cyber‐defense method for securing the microgrid secondary frequency control against rational jamming attacks in both feedback and forward channels that also face imperfect observations. A multi‐player multi‐stage security game is formulated to model the interactions between attackers and defenders. In the formulated game, vulnerability metrics based on the observability Gramians and controllability Gramians of the microgrid are included in the payoff function to count the impact of cyber‐layer actions on microgrid physical performance. A neural fictitious self‐play (NFSP) anti‐jamming approach is developed for this game, simultaneously considering both cyber‐physical characteristics and imperfect observations. In the proposed approach, a deep Q‐learning network (DQN) and a supervised learning network are jointly built to learn the optimal defense policy under the worst‐case. The NFSP‐based solution is proved to be a Nash equilibrium (NE) based solution. Extensive comparisons are made, and the results verify that the proposed defense policy can effectively defend against rational bi‐directional jamming attacks in the microgrid secondary frequency control.
Bioenergy‐Based Closed‐Loop Medical Systems for the Integration of Treatment, Monitoring, and Feedback
Authors: Zhang Guanghui , Chen Yandong , Zhou Weixian , Chen Chunying , Liu Ying
Published: August 2023

Wearable healthcare systems have captured the interest of researchers because they enable smarter and more personalized healthcare. However, these systems are limited by a separation between biosensors and therapeutic units that results in interrupted treatment and compromised patient recovery. It is therefore imperative to develop wearable closed‐loop medical devices that fully integrate physiological/pathological monitoring, signal feedback detection, diagnostics, and on‐demand therapeutic administration. Such systems require safe, sustainable, and continuously operating power sources, and bioenergy has gained attention in this regard because it can be sourced continuously from the human body without requiring substantial rigid energy storage space. The effective utilization of bioenergy would enable the realization of a self‐driven closed‐loop medical system with treatment‐monitoring feedback.
Emancipatory praxis for Black women in the 21st century
Authors: Croom Natasha N. , Smith Michele D.
Published: August 2023

Synthesizing the contributions in this issue, the authors with expertise as tenured faculty and student and academic affairs administrators offer radical, yet timely implications for practice intended to contribute to the emancipation of Black women at all levels in higher education. In so doing, these authors (re)imagine an academy that responds more judiciously to the material needs of Black women moving into the next twenty years.
Kehlnähte dichtgeschweißter Hohlkästen
Authors: Ltaief Malik , Mensinger Martin
Published: August 2023

Nicht begehbare Hohlkästen ermöglichen filigrane und ressourcenschonende Bauwerke im Stahl‐ und Stahlverbundbrückenbau. Die eingeschränkte Zugänglichkeit der Hohlkästen macht es in vielen Fällen erforderlich, diese luftdicht zu verschweißen, da eine Inspektion im Inneren des Bauwerks nur schwer möglich ist. Aus der daraus resultierenden Dichtheit kommt es in Abhängigkeit von täglichen und saisonalen Temperaturänderungen zu Schwankungen des Drucks im Inneren des Hohlkastens. Konstruktiv ist eine einseitige Schweißung von zwei der vier Längsnähte eines nicht begehbaren Hohlkastens unumgänglich. Diese werden planmäßig auf Längsschub bemessen und erfahren durch die Schwankungen des Innendrucks eine außerplanmäßige Biegebeanspruchung. Zur Quantifizierung des Innendrucks nicht begehbarer Hohlkästen wird ein thermisches Modell entwickelt. Aufbauend auf gemessenen Wetterdaten lassen sich mit Simulationen Temperaturzeitreihen der Innenluft erzeugen, welche zur Bestimmung des charakteristischen Einwirkungswerts extrapoliert werden. Die Tragfähigkeit und das Rotationsverhalten einseitig geschweißter Kehlnähte werden durch Versuche untersucht. Durch die Gegenüberstellung der Versuchsergebnisse und der rechnerischen Tragfähigkeit nach dem richtungsbezogenen Verfahren der EN 1993‐1‐8 konnte festgestellt werden, dass die Biegetragfähigkeit unterschätzt wird.
Investigation and Characterization of Graphene/Al, ZnO/Al and Al/Graphene/ZnO Contacts
Authors: Sen Suchismita , Sarkar Argha , Chakraborty Pinaki , Teja Neeruganti Vikram , Kundu Mayuri
Published: August 2023

In this paper, investigation has been made on the electrical properties of graphene/Al contact, ZnO/Al contact and Al/graphene/ZnO contacts in detail. Al metallization is considered, and it is performed via thermal vacuum coating technique under strict monitoring of the rate of thickness of the metal. Spin coating method and shadow masking are done for depositing fabricated graphene and ZnO on the thin film. Comparative analysis has been made on the parameters like saturation current, Barrier height and ideality factors which are calculated using Schottky barrier height (SBH) method. I–V characteristics are analyzed using the key‐sight B2029A semiconductor parameter analyzer. It is seen that the ZnO/Al contact has more ideality factor nearly 0.059 and exhibits Schottky behavior. Meanwhile, maximum saturation current is obtained for Graphene/Al contact whereas maximum barrier height is for ZnO/Al contact. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Analysis of sustainable groundwater management policies for urban development
Authors: Kuchampudi Sandeep Varma , Panchal Sandeep , Naveen S. , Suresh V. , P. Satishkumar , Abdulrahman Imad Saeed , Salman Hayder Mahmood , Singh Pallavi , S. Padmapriya
Published: August 2023

Groundwater is essential to human well‐being and sustains a variety of aquatic ecosystems in both urban and rural settings. Yet, it is commonly overlooked in these contexts. As a result, groundwater may be very important to the development and well‐being of many nations if it is properly evaluated and utilized. Although the possibility for sustainable groundwater resource development is still debated in the literature, these issues still lack quantitative understanding. In order to assess groundwater potential in two different urbanized regions of “Northern Kerala, Southern India,” this research uses the “Enhanced Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (E‐Fuzzy AHP) based Multi‐Criteria Decision Making (MCDM)‐Geospatial Framework employing Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO)”. The study area is a coastal region that is quickly becoming urbanized and relies on groundwater resources to meet its basic needs. By incorporating both spatial and non‐spatial data into the Geographic Information System (GIS) platform, a groundwater potential zone map with an accurate integer value was created, known as the “groundwater potential index (GWPI)”. The very excellent potential zone occupies 35% and 11%, respectively, of the “urban and peri‐urban zones,” according to the final groundwater potential map, which employed the quantile technique to split the research territory into four zones. The statistical effectiveness and dependability of results in the overall decision‐making phase were examined in the validation study using the data on mean water depth level, and it was found that the reliability was well within the tolerance threshold.