bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring the impact of human resource management (HRM) practices on pharmaceutical industry's effectiveness: the mediating role of employee competencies
Authors: Otoo Frank Nana Kweku
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to examine the mediating role of employee competencies in the association between human resource management (HRM) practices and organizational effectiveness of the pharmaceutical industry in Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach

An integrated research model was developed by combining principal factors from existing literature. The validity of the model was tested by applying structural equation modelling (SEM) to the data collected from 550 employees of the selected pharmaceutical industries. The reliability and validity of the dimensions are established through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and related hypotheses tested using SEM.

Findings

The results indicate that some HRM practices influence organizational effectiveness through their impact on employee competencies. The study further revealed that employee competencies mediate the association between HRM practices and organizational effectiveness.

Research limitations/implications

The research was undertaken in the pharmaceutical industry and the analysis based on cross-sectional data which cannot be generalized across a broader range of sectors and international environment.

Practical implications

The findings of the study have the potential to help stakeholders, policy makers and management of the pharmaceutical industry in espousing suitable and well-articulated HRM practices to influence and shape the skills, knowledge and behaviour of employees and inordinately enhance organizational effectiveness.

Originality/value

This study extends the literature by adducing evidence empirically that employee competencies mediated the association between HRM practices and organizational effectiveness of the pharmaceutical industry in Ghana.
Participatory action research in schools: unpacking the lived inequities of high stakes testing
Authors: DeJaynes Tiffany , Cortes Tabatha , Hoque Israt
Published: June 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to examine a school-based Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) project on educational inequity and high stakes testing.

Design/methodology/approach

A former high school teacher (currently a university professor) and two former students (currently research assistants and university students) take up a youth studies framework to collaboratively resee multimodal artifacts from a tenth-grade course in qualitative research.

Findings

Findings illustrate the power of finding allies in peers and educators; the transformative power of deep participation; and the longitudinal nature of social change and action. Thus, this research demonstrates that when students are positioned as researchers, experts and knowledge producers, they can collaborate with one another, teachers and administrators to confront social inequities within their schools and beyond.

Originality/value

This study has value for applying critical, youth-centered pedagogies in secondary English language arts classrooms and schools.
Perceived vulnerability of cyberbullying on social networking sites: effects of security measures, addiction and self-disclosure
Authors: Jain Shilpi , Agrawal Soni
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Cyber-bullying is a form of cyber-crime that has been propagated through extensive use of social networking sites (SNS). Despite the implementation of sophisticated security measures and government compliances, privacy intrusion is petrifying. Therefore, the purpose of this paper attempts to explore as follows: why cases of bullying are still snowballing year after year? Is it possible that advances in security measures are making users more vulnerable? Or, is it a social media addiction, which is making users vulnerable to cyberbullying?

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed research framework is grounded in the technology threat avoidance theory (TTAT). An empirical survey of 365 social media users was analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) to understand the impact of security measures, voluntary self-disclosure (VSD) and addiction on perceived vulnerability (PV) to cyber-bullying.

Findings

The findings indicate that security measures play a significant role in propelling users to disclose their personal information voluntarily, which, in turn, results in social media addiction, which further exposes users to cyberbullying. Moreover, the study unravels gender differences in perceived vulnerabilities to cyberbullying.

Practical implications

The findings of the current research contribute to a better understanding of gender differences in the awareness of security measures, addiction intensities, level of self-disclosures and propensity to cyberbullying victimization. Additionally, prevention and intervention efforts may benefit from using a more targeted approach to identify potential male and female victims that experience different forms of bullying on SNS.

Originality/value

In addition to other constructs, the current research investigates the role of user security measures (USM) and website security measures (WSM) on the PV to cyberbullying, typically, the role of these measures is to prevent the users from becoming the victims, whereas the research unravels that they could be the possible reasons for the increased number of cases in India. To the best of the knowledge, such conflicting roles of security measures have not been discussed earlier.
The mark of industry 4.0: how managers respond to key revolutionary changes
Authors: Yunus Erlinda N.
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to provide a framework of managerial responses to the Industry 4.0 phenomenon, which has impacted the productivity of Indonesian manufacturing companies while revolutionizing global industries.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employs qualitative research using the Grounded Theory Method since research in this area is still in its preliminary stages. The study elicits insights from 12 operation managers through a semi-structured interview and a focus group discussion. Using content analysis, the study formulates relationships among Industry 4.0 initiatives, its driving factors and challenges as well as critical success factors and the expected benefits.

Findings

The findings reveal that Indonesian manufacturers have engaged in Industry 4.0 initiatives: cyber-physical systems, the internet of things, Big Data and cloud computing. These initiatives require managers to adopt best practices, appoint champions as change agents, conduct training and even tailor the job qualifications of their subordinates to suit the current technology.

Research limitations/implications

The qualitative method allows an in-depth investigation that is synthesized into a conceptual framework, but this framework still needs to be empirically tested. The study is currently based on informants from large manufacturing companies. Future studies could scale up the research and validate the findings.

Practical implications

This exploratory framework could guide managers in their strategic and operational decisions while embracing the Industry 4.0 transformation inside the organization.

Originality/value

Prior studies examining the adoption of Industry 4.0 principles by Indonesian manufacturing companies are rare. Furthermore, conceptual studies dominate the existing literature related to the Industry 4.0 concept. This study attempts to fill the gap and provides a framework that is based on grounded empirical data of manufacturing companies in Indonesia, a newly industrialized economy.
The external effect of a migrated star player on domestic sports league: an empirical analysis of three Asian leagues – Japan, Korea and Taiwan[1]
Authors: Park Young Joon , Zhang Fan , Yoon Yeujun
Published: June 2020

Purpose

This study aims to examine the “external effect” of a migrated star player on their domestic sport industries. By exploring the new aspect of star power, this study provides important insight and critical implication to many relevant stakeholders in the professional sports league. Particularly, this is critical under the recent circumstance where the globalization of sports products becomes the central strategic issue of the world-class leagues.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the external effect of star players migrated from three Asian leagues (Japan, Korea and Taiwan) to Major League Baseball in the USA, the world-class baseball league, on their domestic league attendance demand was empirically investigated. For the analysis, comprehensive historical data from various reliable sources from each league were collected.

Findings

The findings of the paper strongly support the external effect of migrated stars significantly existing in all the three leagues. The effect is consistent across various measurements of migrated star players. More interestingly, the effect was found to be mixed across different leagues; for example, migrated star players increases in domestic league attendance in Japan, while it decreases in Korea and Taiwan. This indicates that the external effect of migrated star players depends on the characteristics of the domestic leagues. In addition, it was found that the external effect was substantial enough to compare to the effect of major demand drivers such as team winning, competitive balance and star power. For managerial implications, this study also provides revenue projections induced by the impact of migrated star players.

Originality/value

This study opens a new chapter related to star power topic and immediately calls for future studies regarding this external effect, particularly, theoretical and behavioral approaches.
Anatomy of successful tourism shopping districts
Authors: Mckercher Bob
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the factors that make tourist shopping districts successful.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 12 sets of face-to-face interviews were conducted in 7 cities on 4 continents in September and October, 2019. In total, 21 individuals participated in the interviews. Interviews were conducted in Bangkok Thailand, Singapore, Melbourne and Brisbane Australia, Ottawa Canada, New York USA (three sets of interviews) and London England (four sets of interviews).

Findings

The literature focusses on operational issues, while respondents highlighted higher order issues relating primarily to organisational structure, governance and funding.

Research limitations/implications

The study focusses primarily on English speaking jurisdictions, with the exception of Bangkok. As such, the results may not be generalisable to non-English speaking economies.

Practical implications

Insights into factors influencing the success of tourism retail shopping districts are highlighted, especially the role of governance and creativity.

Social implications

The paper indicates that local stakeholders also play a key role in the success of such districts.

Originality/value

This is the first comprehensive, global study of the factors that make tourism shopping districts successful.
Key research topics likely to generate Australian and other wine producer countries’ support during the period 2020-2030
Authors: Lockshin Larry , Corsi Armando Maria
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present seven mega-topics wine business researchers could collaborate on to help the global wine industry better cope with changes occurring across the world.

Design/methodology/approach

The first six of these topics emerged at a strategy planning session held in Australia in July 2019, and one more topic of concern was decided to be added that will help wine business researchers better model wine buying/wine tourism behaviour.

Findings

The seven topic areas are profitability and sustainability of different wine business models; interrelated risk and opportunities in the wine supply chain; how to stimulate innovation; managing growing social pressure and social license; building regional resilience and managing local growth; conducting research in emerging markets and how to measure the impact of marketing activities there; and accounting for infrequent and non-wine alcohol buyers in research.

Originality/value

Academics in wine business (and other areas) often pursue research of personal interest and convenience. However, this behaviour has often led to the accusation, particularly from industry, that this research does not really provide answers to the questions that really matter to industry. This viewpoint provides an industry-generated set of big picture research areas that have both academic and practical value.
Education in precarious times: a comparative study across six countries to identify design priorities for mobile learning in a pandemic
Authors: Hall Tony , Connolly Cornelia , Ó Grádaigh Seán , Burden Kevin , Kearney Matthew , Schuck Sandy , Bottema Jeroen , Cazemier Gerton , Hustinx Wouter , Evens Marie , Koenraad Ton , Makridou Eria , Kosmas Panagiotis
Published: June 2020

Purpose

This paper is based on the emergency changes we have had to make in the European DEIMP Project (2017-2020), “Designing and Evaluating Innovative Mobile Pedagogies” (DEIMP). DEIMP is undertaken by a transnational consortium comprising partner institutions and schools from the UK (coordinating), Australia, Belgium, Cyprus, Ireland and The Netherlands. As well as the enforced changes to the project, there have been major adjustments in how education is being provided in each of our countries, across all sectors: primary, secondary and tertiary. The purpose of this paper is to provide pragmatic guidelines that will help us respond effectively in the uncertain present, and plan systematically for an unpredictable, post-pandemic future.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors outline 21 design principles underpinning innovative mobile learning, which will be of pragmatic use to all using mobile learning in the COVID-19 pandemic. These principles have emerged in the context of the three-year European DEIMP Project (2017-2020). The authors also examine major educational changes that have recently been imposed upon teachers and educational researchers, and key aspects of the current emergency response in education internationally, and resultant implications for educational technology and mobile learning.

Findings

A living record highlighting what is currently happening in the educational systems of the DEIMP project’s respective partner countries. The paper outlines design concerns and issues, which will need to be addressed as the authors endeavour to bridge both the digital divide and digital use divide in remote education. Furthermore, the paper illustrates 21 pragmatic design principles underpinning innovative mobile pedagogies.

Originality/value

A comparative study of the effects of the pandemic across six countries, including The UK, Australia, Belgium, Cyprus, Ireland and The Netherlands. The authors outline 21 design principles for mobile learning, which is hoped will help us respond effectively in the uncertain present, and plan systematically for an unpredictable, post-pandemic future.
Viral misinformation and echo chambers: the diffusion of rumors about genetically modified organisms on social media
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Song Yunya
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The spread of rumors on social media has caused increasing concerns about an under-informed or even misinformed public when it comes to scientific issues. However, researchers have rarely investigated their diffusion in non-western contexts. This study aims to systematically examine the content and network structure of rumor-related discussions around genetically modified organisms (GMOs) on Chinese social media.

Design/methodology/approach

This study identified 21,837 rumor-related posts of GMOs on Weibo, one of China's most popular social media platforms. An approach combining social network analysis and content analysis was employed to classify user attitudes toward rumors, measure the level of homophily of their attitudes and examine the nature of their interactions.

Findings

Though a certain level of homophily existed in the interaction networks, referring to the observed echo chamber effect, Weibo also served as a public forum for GMO discussions in which cross-cutting ties between communities existed. A considerable amount of interactions emerged between the pro- and anti-GMO camps, and most of them involved providing or requesting information, which could mitigate the likelihood of opinion polarization. Moreover, this study revealed the declining role of traditional opinion leaders and pointed toward the need for alternative strategies for efficient fact-checking.

Originality/value

In general, the findings of this study suggested that microblogging platforms such as Weibo can function as public forums for discussing GMOs that expose users to ideologically cross-cutting viewpoints. This study stands to provide important insights into the viral processes of scientific rumors on social media.
A two-factor theoretical model of social media discontinuance: role of regret, inertia, and their antecedents
Authors: Wang Junkai , Zheng Bowen , Liu Hefu , Yu Lingling
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Although materializing the benefits of social media substantially depends on sustained user participation, social media service providers are experiencing a decline in the number of users. Despite the relevance of studying and managing discontinuance behaviors, a systematic empirical investigation remains lacking. The present study draws on the idea of a two-factor model and aims to examine the enabler, inhibitor and their antecedents in the context of social media discontinuance.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed theoretical model was empirically validated through an online survey study of 238 social media users in China.

Findings

Findings indicated that two negative outcomes of social media use (i.e. social overload and invasion of privacy) induce regret experience and ultimately foster discontinuance intentions. The development of discontinuance intentions was undermined by the level of inertia, which is rooted in social media habit, sunk costs and affective commitment.

Originality/value

This study draws attention to the fundamental difference between continuance and discontinuance behaviors, advances the existing understanding of postadoption behaviors by focusing on discontinuance inhibitors (e.g. inertia) and develops the first two-factor model for social media discontinuance by integrating the regret and status quo bias literature.
What is the value of delivering on time?
Authors: Niemi Tapio , Hameri Ari-Pekka , Kolesnyk Petro , Appelqvist Patrik
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Delivery punctuality is essential in supply chain management, yet the cost of untimely delivery is usually assumed to be given or based on intuition and not quantified by facts.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used a data set containing detailed transaction data for a nine-year period on orders and deliveries of sport goods. The methodology is based on applying a polynomial distributed lag model to longitudinal data on supply chain transactions.

Findings

The results indicate that small delivery delays up to two weeks decrease the sales by maximum 10% during a period of 3–4 weeks. Longer delays, up to 45 days, have a larger negative effect on sales, which can also last longer. For this case company, the estimated lost sales due to late deliveries (=5 days) were 5.1% of the delivery value. The longer delays got, the large the cost was: delays at least 45 days long were the most costly causing almost 40% of the estimated lost sales.

Practical implications

This study offers a methodology for quantifying lost sales due to delivery delays and estimating how long the poor delivery performance affects retailers' order behaviour.

Originality/value

The results give a quantitative decision-making tool for supply chain managers to estimate the profitability of investments in the supply chain performance, especially on improving punctuality.
The risk of financial fraud: a management perspective
Authors: Hashim Hafiza Aishah , Salleh Zalailah , Shuhaimi Izzati , Ismail Nurul Ain Najwa
Published: June 2020

Purpose

A number of highly publicised scandals such as Enron, Lehman Brothers, Parmalat, Satyam, Toshiba and 1MDB (to name a few) have heightened the awareness of the effects of fraudulent financial reporting. While enormous measures have been taken to curb the fraudulent activities among large and small businesses, the issues are still alarming worldwide. Thus, this study aims to explore the extent to which the prevalence of fraud risk in state-controlled companies and to enhance understanding of the underlying reasons of the fraudulent activities.

Design/methodology/approach

As this study is a descriptive and exploratory in nature, an exploratory case study method was used in four state-controlled companies. Using the fraud triangle theory to underpin this study, the qualitative face-to-face interviews were carried out with top management of the companies.

Findings

The study reveals a high risk of fraud occurrence at state-controlled companies that involve dealing with various suppliers, governments, customers and shareholders, even when standard operating procedures and rules and regulation are in place. The apparent reason for this phenomenon is attributed to not only opportunities but also incentives and rationalisations in engaging fraudulent activities.

Originality/value

As there are relatively few qualitative studies conducted in this area specifically among Malaysian state-controlled companies, this study extends the fraud literature by examining risk exposure and reasons underlying the fraudulent activities. The findings demonstrate that to a certain extent, the fraud triangle theory explains the motivations behind the fraudulent activities. The finding from this study is relevant to regulators, investors, companies and academicians in understanding, preventing and combating fraud.
Cyber attacks on hospitality sector: stock market reaction
Authors: Arcuri Maria Cristina , Gai Lorenzo , Ielasi Federica , Ventisette Elisabetta
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The paper aims to analyze the impact of cyber attacks on stock returns of companies operating in the hospitality sector. The fast development of information and communication technologies has been posited as both an opportunity and a challenge to the United Nations Global Sustainable Development Goals. Digital technologies are significant tools for sustainable development, but if they are not addressed appropriately, they can potentially hinder the progress toward sustainability. Among negative impacts, it is necessary to consider cyber risk, a major concern today, in particular for industries which work with sensitive data, such as tourism businesses. Hospitality businesses have to adequately manage cyber insecurity and digital privacy issues, to prevent losses and contribute to socioeconomic sustainable growth.

Design/methodology/approach

Using event-study methodology, the paper provides empirical evidence on the effect of announcements of 170 information security breaches on the market value of firms operating in the hospitality sector in the past five years.

Findings

The study focuses on identifying potential threats of cyber attacks for the economic value of listed companies. The authors find that negative market returns occur following announcements of cyber attacks suffered by hospitality companies. Adequate investments in technology for cyber security and staff training are relevant in the hospitality sector to reduce cyber risk.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to identifying potential threats of cyber attacks for the economic value of listed companies operating in the hospitality sector. The analysis is carried out by collecting an original sample of global cyber attacks from newspaper announcements sourced from the LexisNexis database.
Research methodology for ethnostatistics in organization studies: towards a historical ethnostatistics
Authors: Stoycheva Stella , Favero Giovanni
Published: June 2020

Purpose

While quantification and performance measurement have proliferated widely in academia and the business world, management and organization scholars increasingly agree on the need for a more in-depth focus on the complex dynamics embedded in the construction, use and effects of quantitative measures (pertaining to the thread of research called ethnostatistics). This paper develops a pluralistic method for conducting ethnostatistical research in organizational settings. Whilst presenting practical techniques for conducting research in live settings, it also discusses how historical approaches which focus on source criticism and contextual reconstruction could overcome the limitations of ethnostatistics.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodological approach of this paper encompasses an in-depth discussion of the ethnostatistical method, its underlying assumptions and its methodological limitations. Based on this analysis, the authors propose a pluralistic method (model) for conducting ethnostatistical research in organizational settings based on the integration of 1) research practices employed by one of the authors conducting ethnostatistical research in a large multinational organization and 2) best practices from ethnographic and historical research.

Findings

This paper suggests how historical approaches can successfully join ethnostatistical enquiries in an attempt to overcome some limitations in existing conventional methods. The developed framework explores four levels of analysis (ethnography, statistics at work, rhetoric of statistics and history of statistics) and suggests practical approaches for each level that can contribute to strengthening the research output and overcoming limitations when using ethnostatistics.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the ethnostatistical field by discussing the intersection between history and ethnography and the ways for their complementary use in organizational and management research on quantification processes. As such it offers unique insights and hands-on experience from conducting ethnostatistical enquiries in live organizational settings.
Social aspect of quality of urban life: how does social capital affect desire of residents to continue living in historical neighborhoods? Evidence from Tehran, Iran
Authors: Yazdanpanah Shahabadi Mohammad Reza , Sajadzadeh Hasan
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is on the social aspects of regeneration of historical neighborhoods in Iranian cities. For this purpose, the authors investigated the effect of the social capital of the residents of historical neighborhoods in Tehran on their subjective quality of life and on their willingness to continue living in these historical districts. This study was motivated by the fact that the primary issue in regeneration of Tehran’s historical districts is to stimulate the residents’ desire to continue living in their neighborhoods, thereby preventing the population from decreasing.

Design/methodology/approach

A review of the theoretical literature revealed that the subjective quality of urban life could act as an intermediary construct that explains the link between social capital and willingness to continue living in a district. With this assumption, the authors administered a questionnaire to 389 residents of different historical neighborhoods who had been randomly selected by cluster sampling. The analysis of the data and the relationships among the constructs was conducted using structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results suggest that increase in the participants’ social capital, including neighborhood bonds, civic participation, social networks and trust, could increase both their life satisfaction (i.e. subjective quality of urban life) and their willingness to live in the historical district. As indicated by the structural model of this study, the social capital both directly influences willingness to continue living and has an indirect effect on it through the intermediary construct of subjective quality of urban life.

Practical implications

The findings of this study can help the policymakers of historical districts in Tehran to determine high-priority strategies for regenerating these districts. Some of the most practical policies that can be applied to the context of Tehran include provision of facilities for enhancement of social networks and bonds, formation of non-governmental organizations and using neighborhood bonds to improve the environmental conditions of neighborhood units.

Originality/value

This study has several advantages. First, the measures used that were taken from the literature have been adjusted to the context of the study with the help of a group of experts. In other words, although the constructs have their roots in theory, their measures are of a local and context-based nature. Second, the obtained results would direct the current approaches to regeneration of historical districts in Iran, which primarily have a physical, economic and elitist basis, towards additional social and participatory approaches.
Understanding the contributions of some Russian scientists to developing systems thinking and the theory of evolution
Authors: Medvedeva Tatiana A.
Published: June 2020

Purpose

This study aims to explain and illustrate the character of Russian systems thinking and to show how it is different and similar to traditions in the West. This study’s second aim is to describe the contributions of some Russian scientists to developing systems thinking and the theory of evolution. This study introduces the predecessors of Charles Darwin in Russia, both supporters and critics of his ideas, as well as scientists who have made similar contributions to the development of systems thinking, particularly Vladimir Vernadsky and Alexander Bogdanov.

Design/methodology/approach

Philosophical and theoretical comparisons. In the Russian intellectual tradition, the terms “Russia” and the “West” are likely codes for signifying fundamental philosophical questions about the universality of thinking and culture. The term “West” means universal, rational truth without taking into consideration any differences in life and cultural practice. The term “Russia” means impossibility of such a universal truth and a necessity to look for solutions on the level of life, not only on the level of rational thinking.

Findings

Paying attention to differences in approaches to systems and cybernetics and the theory of evolution will enrich the further development of systems sciences in Russia and the West. The paper examines the philosophical underpinnings of science rather than just testing or extending an existing theory. The result is better mutual understanding among scientists with different backgrounds.

Originality/value

This study suggests new avenues for research and expands the range of conceptual possibilities. It improves mutual understanding among scholars and countries. Also, it adds to the topics discussed within the field of systems and cybernetics and the theory of evolution.
Strategies for the use of open access institutional repositories at universities in Ghana
Authors: Kodua-Ntim Kwame , Fombad Madeleine C.
Published: June 2020

Purpose

This article suggests strategies for the usage of open access institutional repositories (OAIR) at university libraries in Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach

Pragmatism paradigm, mixed methods research approach and convergent parallel mixed method design was adopted. Simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, purposive sampling techniques and the sample size converter were the sampling procedures and methods employed. The questionnaire and interview guide were used as research instruments to gather relevant data for the study. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used as statistical tools to analyze quantitative and thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data.

Findings

Factors such as software, staffing, advocacy, marketing and policies are crucial in the development of OAIR strategy at the University of Ghana.

Research limitations/implications

Information from the National Accreditations Board (NAB) of Ghana (2018) indicates that Ghana has 92 Higher Educational Institutions (HEI). These are categorized into nine national public universities, eight technical universities, ten professional institutions and 65 private universities and university colleges. This article focuses only on five university libraries with the understanding that they were the only universities on the Directory of Open Access Repositories, authoritative international registries of repositories that provide data on the number of registered Institutional Repositories throughout the world.

Practical implications

It is envisaged that the findings will benefit policymakers, academic staff, university library management and librarians. Academic staff will recognize the need to use OAIR. OAIR managers and administrators will be able to determine the factors affecting the usage of OAIR in university libraries and will be able to design strategies on how OAIR can be sustained and managed.

Originality/value

The article suggests strategies for the usage of OAIR that are instrumental for university libraries in Ghana. The strategies consist of an Institutional Guideline that requires adequate marketing, policies, software and staffing. The research also provided an understanding of OAIR through the lenses of technology acceptance model (TAM) an extension of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) to explain the usage of OAIR in university libraries in Ghana.
“Does daylight matter”? An examination of racial bias in traffic stops by police
Authors: Vito Anthony G. , Woodward Griffin Vanessa , Vito Gennaro F. , Higgins George E.
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to draw a better understanding of the potential impact of daylight in officer decision making. In order to this, the authors test the veil of darkness hypothesis, which theorizes that racial bias in traffic stops can be tested by controlling for the impact of daylight, while operating under the assumption that driver patterns remain constant across race.

Design/methodology/approach

Publicly available traffic-stop records from the Louisville Metro Police Department for January 2010–2019. The analysis includes both propensity score matching to examine the impact of daylight in similarly situated stops and coefficients testing to analyze how VOD may vary in citation-specific models.

Findings

The results show that using PSM following the VOD hypothesis does show evidence of racial bias, with Black drivers more likely to be stopped. Moreover, the effects of daylight significantly varied across citation-specific models.

Research limitations/implications

The data are self-reported from the officer and do not contain information on the vehicle make or model.

Practical implications

This paper shows that utilizing PSM and coefficients testing provides for a better analysis following the VOD hypothesis and does a better job of understanding the impact of daylight and the officer decision-making on traffic stops.

Social implications

Based on the quality of the data, the findings show that the use of VOD allows for the performance of more rigorous analyses of traffic stop data – giving police departments a better way to examine if racial profiling is evident.

Originality/value

This is the first study (to the researchers' knowledge) that applies the statistical analyses of PSM to the confines of the veil of darkness hypothesis.
Effects of post-curing conditions on mechanical properties of 3D printed clear dental aligners
Authors: Jindal Prashant , Juneja Mamta , Bajaj Divya , Siena Francesco Luke , Breedon Philip
Published: June 2020

Purpose

3D printing techniques have been widely used for manufacturing complex parts for various dental applications. For achieving suitable mechanical strength, post-cure processing is necessary, where the relative time duration and temperature specification also needs to be defined. The purpose of this study/paper is to assess the effects of post curing conditions and mechanical properties of 3D printed clear dental aligners

Design/methodology/approach

Dental long-term clear resin material has been used for 3D printing of dental aligners using a Formlabs 3D printer for direct usage on patients. Post-curing conditions have been varied, all of which have been subjected to mechanical compression loading of 1,000 N to evaluate the curing effects on the mechanical strength of the aligners.

Findings

The experimental studies provide significant insight into both temperatures and time durations that could provide sufficient compressive mechanical strength to the 3D printed clear dental aligners. It was observed that uncured aligners deformed plastically with large deformations under the loading conditions, whereas aligners cured between 400°C–800°C for 15–20 min deformed elastically before fragmenting into pieces after safely sustaining higher compressive loads between 495 N and 666 N. The compressive modulus ratio for cured aligners ranged between 4.46 and 5.90 as compared to uncured aligners. For shorter cure time durations and lower temperature conditions, an appropriate elevated compressive strength was also achieved.

Originality/value

Based on initial assessments by dental surgeons, suitable customised clear aligners can be designed, printed and cured to the desired levels based on patient’s requirements. This could result in time, energy and unit production cost savings, which ultimately would help to alleviate the financial burden placed on both the health service and their patients.
Melting, fusion and solidification behaviors of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in selective laser melting at different scanning speeds
Authors: Pal Snehashis , Lojen Gorazd , Gubeljak Nenad , Kokol Vanja , Drstvensek Igor
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Melting, fusion and solidification are the principal mechanisms used in selective laser melting to produce a product. Several thermal phenomena occur during the fabrication process, such as powder melting, melt pool formation, mixing of materials (fusion), rapid solidification, re-melting, high thermal gradient, reheating and cooling. These phenomena result in several types of pores, defects, irregular surfaces, bending and residual stress. This paper aims to focus on the physical behaviors of Ti-6Al-4V alloy at several scanning speeds and their effect on porosity and metallurgical properties.

Design/methodology/approach

Seven scanning speeds between 150  and 1000 mm/s were chosen to observe the occurrence of different pores, defects and microstructural formations and their effect on hardness and tensile properties.

Findings

The various mentioned malformations occur due to the results of possible uncertainties during the melting-fusion-solidification process. Size, shape, number, location and content of the pores varied in different samples. The a cicular a' size changes with different scanning speeds. Eventually, both porosity and microstructure have shown influential consequences on the hardness and tensile properties in the samples manufactured with different scanning speeds.

Originality/value

This study showed the adverse effects of different physical behaviors that occurred during the fabrication process, leading to the formation of complex pores. The causations and plausible solutions of the pore formation are interpreted in this paper. The authors observe that a circular a' size differed with scanning speeds, and these influence the mechanical properties.
Investigation, modeling and optimization of abnormal areas of weld beads in wire and arc additive manufacturing
Authors: Tang Shangyong , Wang Guilan , Huang Cheng , Li Runsheng , Zhou Siyu , Zhang Haiou
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The modeling and optimization of a weld bead in the middle of the weld are often simple, as the forming process is dynamically balanced. However, the arc striking (AS) and arc extinguishing (AE) areas of weld beads are generally abnormal because the dynamic processes at these areas are unstable. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the abnormal areas of the weld bead with optimization modeling methods in wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM).

Design/methodology/approach

A burning-back method was proposed to fill the slanted plane in the AE area. To optimize the welding parameters and obtain the optimal design, a response surface methodology was proposed to build the relationships between the input parameters and response variables.

Findings

The proposed burning-back method could fill the slanted plane in the AE area. Second-order models of abnormal areas were developed and the optimization effects were analyzed. The experimental results indicated that the relationship models at both ends were applicable and preferable for the optimization of weld beads.

Originality/value

In this paper, a burning-back method was proposed to optimize the slanted plane in the AE area. Second-order models of abnormal areas were established. The methods and models were preferable in the optimization of the abnormal areas in WAAM.
Triumph Motorcycles: vrooming for increased market share in India
Authors: Attri Rekha , Bairagi Rahul
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to discuss the complexities and challenges involved in retailing luxury motorcycle brands in India.

Research methodology

This study has been developed by carrying out in-depth interviews of company officials of Triumph Motorcycles. The researchers also reached out to various distributors of luxury motorcycles in Tiers I and II cities, and through the interview process, tried to understand the problems/issues faced while selling luxury motorcycles.

Case overview/synopsis

There has been a marked increase in the branding and marketing of luxury products in the recent years. Although the two wheelers account for 80 per cent of the domestic demand, the luxury motorbike market in India is still in its introductory stages. This study discusses the challenges faced at Triumph Motorcycles and raises questions on what should be done to increase the market share of Triumph Motorcycles in India. Readers would get insights into the activities carried out to build customer connect and would be able to suggest marketing strategies and customer relationship programmes for luxury motorcycle brands.

Complexity academic level

This study can be used for the core course on marketing management or for elective courses on customer relationship management, brand management or consumer behaviour course in MBA programme.
Responsible tourism education of younger consumers: the role of mini-clubs in mountain resorts
Authors: Seraphin Hugues
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this viewpoint paper is to discuss whether children can play a role in the sustainability of the tourism industry as a whole.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on a literature review of key terms: sustainable tourism; mountain tourism; children; and empowerment.

Findings

Children could potentially play a role in the sustainability of tourism if they are empowered to do so. mini-clubs in mountain resorts could, for instance, contribute to their social empowerment using a catalytic strategy.

Practical implications

Practitioners involved in the sustainability of the tourism industry should investigate ways to make the sustainability endeavour of the industry more inclusive. As for academics, they should devote time for research on children, as they are an important stakeholder group for the industry.

Originality/value

This paper focusses on children in the tourism industry. There is a dearth of research in this area.
Implementing parity for mental health and substance use treatment in Medicaid
Authors: Burns Marguerite E. , Dague Laura , Saloner Brendan , Voskuil Kristen , Kim Nam Hyo , Serna Borrero Natalia , Look Kevin
Published: June 2020

Objective

To estimate the association between the implementation of parity in coverage for mental health and substance use disorder (MHSUD) services within the Medicaid program and MHSUD service use.

Data Sources/Study Setting

Wisconsin Medicaid enrollment and claims data from 2013 to 2015. In April 2014, Wisconsin Medicaid transitioned childless adult beneficiaries from coverage with limited MHSUD services to parity‐consistent coverage. Preparity, they only had Medicaid coverage for MHSUD visits to psychiatrists and the emergency department, while parent beneficiaries had parity‐consistent coverage.

Study Design

The study uses a difference‐in‐differences design to compare outcome changes for childless adult and parent beneficiaries.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

We identified 76, 569 childless adult and parent beneficiaries aged 18‐64 who were continuously enrolled for the 2‐year study period.

Principal Findings

Introducing parity‐consistent coverage within Medicaid was associated with increased utilization of Medicaid‐reimbursed MHSUD services: outpatient, prescription medication, ED, and inpatient. Increased MHSUD outpatient visits were driven by increased visits to nonpsychiatrists.

Conclusions

Parity's effects on MHSUD service use have been studied in the context of private insurance, but its impact among Medicaid beneficiaries has not. Our findings suggest that parity implementation in Medicaid could increase access to effective MHSUD services in a high‐need population.
Recent advances on protein‐based Pickering high internal phase emulsions (Pickering HIPEs): Fabrication, characterization, and applications
Authors: Zhao Qiaoli , Zaaboul Farah , Liu Yuanfa , Li Jinwei
Published: June 2020

Most trans fats in processed foods come from partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs). Numerous studies have shown that the excessive intake of trans fats may cause some adverse effects on human health. An effective alternative to PHOs is to construct Pickering high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs). In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to Pickering HIPEs stabilized by protein‐based particles because of their high stability and promising applications in the fields of food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. This review summarizes the recent progress of Pickering HIPEs stabilized by protein‐based particles focusing on the methods for their preparation and characterization, and discusses the applications of Pickering HIPEs in the food industry. Promising research trends in this field are also proposed, including (a) developing protein‐based antioxidant Pickering HIPEs and Pickering nanoemulsions, and (b) expanding the potential applications of protein‐based Pickering HIPEs in the fields of delivery vehicles, the template for porous materials, and biodegradable packaging films. This review will provide a theoretical basis for future technological innovation and application development of protein‐based Pickering HIPEs.