bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional specialization of hippocampal somatostatin-expressing interneurons
Authors: Chamberland Simon , Grant Gariel , Machold Robert , Nebet Erica R. , Tian Guoling , Hanani Monica , Kullander Klas , Tsien Richard W.
Published: April 2023

Hippocampal somatostatin-expressing (Sst) GABAergic interneurons (INs) exhibit considerable anatomical and functional heterogeneity. Recent single cell transcriptome analyses have provided a comprehensiveSst-IN subtype census, a plausible molecular ground truth of neuronal identity whose links to specific functionality remain incomplete. Here, we designed an approach to identify and access subpopulations ofSst-INs based on transcriptomic features. Four mouse models based on single or combinatorial Cre- and Flp- expression differentiated functionally distinct subpopulations of CA1 hippocampalSst-INs that largely tiled the morpho-functional parameter space of theSst-INs superfamily. Notably, theSst;;Tac1intersection revealed a population of bistratified INs that preferentially synapsed onto fast-spiking interneurons (FS-INs) and were both necessary and sufficient to interrupt their firing. In contrast, theNdnf;;Nkx2-1intersection identified a population of oriens lacunosum-moleculare (OLM) INs that predominantly targeted CA1 pyramidal neurons, avoiding FS-INs. Overall, our results provide a framework to translate neuronal transcriptomic identity into discrete functional subtypes that capture the diverse specializations of hippocampalSst-INs.

Significance statement

GABAergic interneurons are important regulators of neuronal activity. Recent transcriptome analyses have provided a comprehensive classification of interneuron subtypes, but the connections between molecular identities and specific functions are not yet fully understood. Here, we developed an approach to identify and access subpopulations of interneurons based on features predicted by transcriptomic analysis. Functional investigation in transgenic animals revealed that hippocampal somatostatin-expressing interneurons (Sst-INs) can be divided into at least four subfamilies, each with distinct functions. Most importantly, theSst;;Tac1intersection targeted a population of bistratified cells that overwhelmingly targeted fast-spiking interneurons. In contrast, theNdnf;;Nkx2-1intersection revealed a population of oriens lacunosum-moleculare interneurons that selectively targeted CA1 pyramidal cells. Overall, this study reveals that genetically distinct subfamilies ofSst-INs form specialized circuits in the hippocampus with differing functional impact.
Research developments in sustainable supply chain management considering optimization and industry 4.0 techniques: a systematic review
Authors: Detwal Pankaj Kumar , Agrawal Rajat , Samadhiya Ashutosh , Kumar Anil , Garza-Reyes Jose Arturo
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The literature that is presently available on sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) combining optimization and industry 4.0 techniques falls short in its depictions of the recent developments, budding pertinent areas and the importance of SSCM in the growth of industrial economies around the world. This article's main objective is to analyze current trends, highlight the latest initiatives and perform a meta-analysis of the literature that is currently accessible in the SSCM area with a special focus on optimization and industry 4.0 techniques. The paper also proposes a conceptual framework that will assist in illuminating how the ideas of optimization and industry 4.0 may contribute to realizing sustainability in supply chains.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed study systematically reviews 85 research publications published between 2010 and 2022 in referenced peer-reviewed journals in diverse fields, including engineering, business and management, services and healthcare. Numerous categories are considered throughout the examination of the literature, including year-wise publications, prominent journals, type of research design, concerned industry and research technique used.

Findings

The study demonstrates a deeper comprehension of the literature in the field and its evolution throughout numerous industry sectors, which is helpful for both practitioners and academics. The results from the content analysis highlight various future research opportunities in the domain.

Originality/value

This is one of the first research articles that have attempted to establish, analyze and highlight the current trends and initiatives in the SSCM domain from an optimization and industry 4.0 techniques viewpoint. The cluster-based future research propositions also enhance the novelty of the study.
Why are not men and women more alike? Gender and clawbacks in the trade-off between accrual and real activity earnings manipulation
Authors: Sari Ratna Candra , Sholihin Mahfud , Zuhrohtun Zuhrohtun , Purnama Ida Ayu , Dewanti Patriani Wahyu , Udhma Umi Syafaatul
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the trade-off between accrual and real activity earnings manipulation by considering gender and punishment as one aspect of clawbacks.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve the research objectives, experimental design research was used, involving 183 professional accountants in Indonesia. This was followed by interviews with board members of public companies in Indonesia.

Findings

After the adoption of clawbacks, the intention to manipulate accruals decreased more among women than among men. However, the possible unintended consequences of clawbacks, particularly an increase in real activity manipulation, did not differ between women and men.

Originality/value

There are still few studies that use experimental designs to examine the consequences of clawback. Our study is expected to provide a novel contribution to the literature on the consequences of clawbacks as we use an experimental method. Besides, previous research that tested the consequences of clawback, using both archival and experimental data, had not considered the gender aspect, thus prompting this study to fill the research gap related to the consequences of clawback adoption by including the gender variable.
Employee culture of health perceptions and the development of a training intervention
Authors: Farris Kristen L. , Burns Michael E. , Burke Tricia J. , Bezner Janet R.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The authors used a case study approach to explore employees' perceptions of one institution's culture of health. The authors then applied a needs-centered training model to create and test the effectiveness of a workplace wellness training program to improve the culture of health.

Design/methodology/approach

For study 1, the authors recruited 736 faculty and staff from an institution of higher education to complete an online culture of health survey measuring their perceived leadership support, peer support and institutional resources. In study 2, participants (n = 60) in follow-up focus groups described their experiences related to the culture of health at the institution. For study 3, university employees (n = 44) participated in the training intervention and reported on post-test outcomes measuring the training's effectiveness.

Findings

High levels of employee stress and lack of supervisor and coworker support were identified as significant issues in the needs assessment process. Therefore, the authors developed a needs-centered training intervention that focused on supportive and confirming supervisor and peer communication. Results suggest employees perceive the training to be effective, are ready to change their behaviors and are knowledgeable about the training content.

Originality/value

This study provides evidence regarding needs-based trainings focused on co-worker communication and how these trainings may incrementally improve the culture of health within organizations. Accordingly, the authors offer best practices, including the value of focusing on employee needs, advocating for employees, building community through trainings and enacting change through the training process.
Factors influencing Muslim Generation Z consumers’ purchase intention of environmentally friendly halal cosmetic products
Authors: Irfany Mohammad Iqbal , Khairunnisa Yusniar , Tieman Marco
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study aims to identify the characteristics of Muslim Generation Z and analyze the factors that influence its purchase intention of environmentally friendly halal cosmetic products.

Design/methodology/approach

This research adopts the quantitative methods of a questionnaire and sampling technique using purposive sampling. The respondents in this study were 300 Indonesian Muslims from Generation Z. Descriptive analysis and structural equation modeling–partial least structural with SmartPLS 3.3.7 software were used to analyze the research data.

Findings

This study found that of the nine hypotheses tested, seven are confirmed, including the effect of halal labels on halal-green awareness, environmentally friendly labels on halal-green awareness, environmental knowledge on halal-green awareness and knowledge on attitudes. Meanwhile, religiosity and halal-green awareness influence attitudes and attitudes that affect the purchase intention of environmentally friendly halal cosmetics. Two hypotheses that are not accepted are the influence of religiosity on halal-green awareness and halal-green awareness on attitudes. The findings are expected to increase interest in buying environmentally friendly halal cosmetics by better understanding consumer behavior, especially Generation Z.

Practical implications

Cosmetics manufacturers benefit from halal-green branding on their products to enter new halal markets and increase market share.

Originality/value

This study is more comprehensive than previous studies, combining halal and environmentally friendly elements with a focus on Generation Z.
Online complaint handling: a text analytics-based classification framework
Authors: Dobrucalı Yelkenci Birce , Özdağoğlu Güzin , İlter Burcu
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study aims to both identify content-based and interaction-based online consumer complaint types and predict complaint types according to the complaint magnitude rooted in complainants' personality traits, emotion, Twitter usage activity, as well as complaint's sentiment polarity, and interaction rate.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 297,000 complaint tweets were collected from Twitter, featuring over 220,000 consumer profiles and over 24 million user tweets. The obtained data were analyzed via two-step machine learning approach.

Findings

This study proposes a set of content and profile features that can be employed for determining complaint types and reveals the relationship between content features, profile features and online complaint type.

Originality/value

This study proposes a novel model for identifying types of online complaints, offering a set of content and profile features that can be used for predicting complaint type, and therefore introduces a flexible approach for enhancing online complaint management.
Suppressive effects of linzagolix, a novel non‐peptide antagonist of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone receptors, in experimental endometriosis model rats
Authors: Tezuka Motohiro , Tsuchioka Kumi , Kobayashi Kaoru , Kuramochi Yu , Kiguchi Sumiyoshi
Published: April 2023

Endometriosis is an oestrogen‐dependent disease in which endometrial‐like tissue grows outside the uterus in women of reproductive age. Accordingly, control of oestradiol (E2) levels is an effective treatment for endometriosis. Because gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) is the main controller of E2 secretion, control of GnRH signalling by GnRH antagonism is an effective strategy for the treatment of sex hormone‐dependent diseases such as endometriosis. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the potent, orally available and selective GnRH antagonist linzagolix on experimental endometriosis in rats and compare them with those of dienogest, which is used clinically to treat endometriosis. Experimental endometriosis was induced in female rats at the proestrus stage of the oestrous cycle via autotransplantation of endometrial tissue into the renal subcapsular space. Linzagolix significantly decreased cyst volumes compared with the control group at doses of 50 mg/kg or more. Indeed, a suppressive effect of dienogest on cyst volume was observed only at the highest dose evaluated (1 mg/kg). The effective concentration of linzagolix, calculated as the free form of the last‐observed drug concentration, was ~1 μmol/L in endometriosis model rats. The present study also reveals that linzagolix exerts a sustained inhibitory effect on E2 secretion, indicating that the suppressive effect on endometriosis cyst volumes could be attributed to its pharmacological suppression of GnRH signalling and serum E2 concentrations. Altogether, our findings indicate that linzagolix may be a useful therapeutic intervention for hormone‐dependent diseases including endometriosis.
The Shifting Nature of Relationality in the Blurred Boundaries of Hybrid Organizational Ethnography
Authors: Alcadipani Rafael , Cunliffe Ann L.
Published: April 2023

Technology's impact on conducting organizational research is axiomatic. Studies on the topic focus on how digital technologies are used to collect data and how people use or interact with technology in online spaces. Although it is generally agreed that boundaries between online and offline realms are becoming increasingly blurred, few studies exist on the impact of digital technologies on the work and life of organizational ethnographers. Our contribution lies in alerting new and experienced ethnographers engaging in hybrid ethnography – a developing methodology encompassingbothface‐to‐faceandonline interactions – to how boundaries may blur between space and time, professional and personal, participation and observation, and what is real and what isn't. We emphasize the importance of anticipating relational shifts – understanding how new forms of sociality emerge when digital and physical interactions are an integral part of the field; and we examine subsequent advantages and challenges. To illustrate, we offer examples from a hybrid ethnography conducted in an investigative police force, where smartphones and WhatsApp are embedded in work and consequently became an integral part of the research.
Ideas in Politics in International Context
Authors: Middleton Alex
Published: April 2023

This article asks how we might rethink the study of ‘ideas in politics’ in modern Britain. It suggests that historians need to set the problem in its international contexts in a more structured way. Focussing on the nineteenth century, the article reflects on conceptual angles opened up by ‘global intellectual’ and ‘entangled’ approaches to political ideas and behaviour. While stressing that these methods have their pitfalls, the article argues that a reconsideration of the seams where international and intellectual contexts meet can help to reconnect modern British political history with wider historical debates.
Exciting, boring, and nonexistent skylines: Vertical building gaps in global perspective
Authors: Barr Jason , Jedwab Remi
Published: April 2023

Despite the widespread prevalence and economic importance of tall buildings, little is known about how their patterns vary across space and time. We aim to quantify differences across major world regions over time (1950–2020). To do so, we exploit novel data on the location, height (above 55 m), and year of construction of nearly all tall buildings in the world. We propose a new methodology to estimate the extent to which some world regions build up more than othersgivensimilar economic and geographic conditions, city size distributions, and other features. Our analyses reveal that many skylines may visually appear more prominent than they really are once one includes all tall buildings and core controls, which alters how regions are ranked in terms of tall building stocks. Using results by city size, centrality, height of buildings, and building function, we classify world regions into different groups, finding that tall building stocks are likely driven byboring skylinesof residential high‐rises, and to a lesser extentexciting skylinesof skyscrapers and office towers. Finally, land‐use regulations and preferences, not historical preservation nor dispersed ownership, may account for most observed differences.
The event‐based influence of incentivizing and physical contexts on daily alcohol initiation and consumption
Authors: Howe Lindy K. , Finn Peter R.
Published: April 2023

Background

Young adults often decide to engage in heavy drinking. Learning more about the real‐time factors that predict decisions to initiate a drinking episode and how much is consumed in any single drinking episode is necessary in developing our understanding of momentary alcohol use and discrete decisions surrounding alcohol use.

Methods

The current study examined the association between contextual factors and decisions to initiate and consume alcohol in 104 young adult individuals over 2 weeks via mobile daily diary. Participants responded to daily notifications about decisions to drink or not and the contextual factors surrounding each event. The contextual factors included the situation (e.g., bar setting and pregaming) and incentives (e.g., alcohol, social, and mood enhancement).

Results

Multilevel analyses revealed that incentives predicted both the initiation of drinking and the amount consumed. Event‐based alcohol and mood incentives predicted the initiation of drinking, while alcohol, mood, and social/party incentives predicted how much was consumed at a specific event. However, context had a more complex association with drinking outcomes. Being in a bar, alone, or at a residence predicted decisions to initiate drinking, while being in a bar, pregaming situation, or other party situation with others who are drinking predicted how much a person drank.

Conclusions

The results highlight the importance of studying event‐specific predictors of drinking decisions and the complex association between context/location and the type of drinking decision or outcome.
Land use change and forest patch analysis as a decision‐making tool to sustainably develop plantation agriculture and optimize biodiversity conservation
Authors: Yevide Sedami Igor Armand , Cobbina Nana Darko , Loescher Henry W. , Khan Ahmed S. , Baffoe Abraham
Published: April 2023

Established for biodiversity conservation, protected areas (PAs) have been downsized, downgraded, and/or degazetted for socioeconomic development including plantation agriculture. Although studies have highlighted causes, implications for biodiversity conservation, and the need for policies governing Protected Area Downsizing, Downgrading, and Degazettement (PADDD), no study has proposed a methodology to inform PADDD events to help decision making that balance economic growth pursuit with ecological and environmental commitments. A methodology based on land use change and forest patch analysis has been applied to Buvuma Island to guide the choice of PAs that can undergo PADDD as well as identification of new areas that can be declared as PAs. Our results revealed that, over the last decade, natural vegetation of Buvuma Island has been highly degraded with forest depletion from 45.0% in 2007 to 15.8% in 2016. About 65% of the initial forest cover were lost. The average yearly forest loss rate was 3.2% or 712.8 ha. A total number of 19 PAs covering 3103 ha including 2816 ha of existing PAs and 287 ha of identified forest patches were selected for biodiversity conservation. This flexible methodology can be applied at various spatial and temporal scale to ensure sustainable plantation agriculture development.
Bruch's membrane and Brücke's muscle in the pars plana region
Authors: Jonas Jost B. , Jonas Rahul A. , Jonas Shefali B. , Panda‐Jonas Songhomitra
Published: April 2023

Purpose

To examine Bruch's membrane (BM) in association with the longitudinal part of the ciliary muscle (LPCM) in the pars plana region.

Methods

Using light microscopy, we histomorphometrically assessed BM and the LPCM in the pars plana region.

Results

The histomorphometric study included 51 eyes (51 patients; mean age: 60.8 ± 15.0 years; axial length: 26.0 ± 3.3 mm; range: 21.0–36.0 mm). The LPCM (total length: 4.60 ± 1.10 mm) ended 1.15 ± 0.56 mm anterior to the ora serrata. Within the pars plana region, the LPCM (length: 2.58 ± 0.98 mm) had direct contact with BM for 1.95 ± 0.99 mm (71.1 ± 18.4% of the BM undersurface), while a capillary layer was interposed between the BM and the LPCM for 0.70 ± 0.40 mm (29.0 ± 18.4%). In the pars plana region free of LPCM close to the ora serrata, the percentage of BM covered by the capillary layer was higher than in the pars plana region containing the LPCM (63.0 ± 42.1% vs. 29.0 ± 18.4%; p < 0.001). At the LPCM end, BM was in direct contact with a collagenous tissue from the LPCM and was focally thickened as compared to BM with an underlying capillary layer (9.5 ± 5.3 μm vs. 4.3 ± 1.2 μm; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The direct contact of BM with the LPCM in the pars plana in association with focal BM thickening at the LPCM end suggests an insertion of LPCM on the BM. Taking into account the biomechanical strength of BM, it may imply a functional unit of the LPCM with BM in the process of accommodation with a secondary movement of the posterior BM and tertiary thickening of the subfoveal choroidal space.
The importance of clinician courtroom testimony for children exposed to domestic violence
Authors: Puccia Ellen , Smaldone Aurora , Hoffmann Frances Rebecca
Published: April 2023

Children exposed to domestic violence account for as many as a third of all children in the United States. Many of these children will seek mental health treatment for symptoms of trauma. The clinicians who provide their treatment are often called as witnesses in family law proceedings, especially child protection and custody cases. Clinicians are often anxious when they receive subpoenas to testify and prefer to avoid testimony. Training about court proceedings, subpoenas and how to prepare for testimony would be beneficial for clinicians and will help clinicians be more confident in the courtroom. Additionally, becoming designated as expert witnesses can only help mental health clinicians provide a greater understanding of the issues encountered by children experiencing domestic violence, and these clinicians can provide recommendations that will take into account child safety without exacerbating trauma symptoms.
A synthetic control approach to estimate the effect of total allowable catches in the high seas
Authors: Lawson Julia Margaret , Smith Conner Muir
Published: April 2023

Total allowable catch restrictions (hereafter referred to as catch quotas) play an important role in maintaining healthy fish stocks. While studies have identified a positive relationship between catch quota implementation and improved stock status, these methods are subject to selection bias as catch quotas are typically applied to stocks that are depleted. We address this challenge using the synthetic control method, which estimates the causal effect of catch quotas on fishing mortality and biomass by predicting a synthetic counterfactual outcome. We focus on high seas stocks (tunas, billfishes, and sharks) managed by tuna Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (tRFMOs), first providing an overview of stock status and current management measures in place. We find that implementation of catch quotas by tRFMOs has more than doubled over the past decade. Second, we predict the hypothetical fishing mortality and biomass trajectory for seven high seas quota‐managed stocks in absence of a catch quota. These “synthetic non‐quota stocks” are predicted using a weighted selection of high seas non‐quota stocks. Credibility of the synthetic non‐quota stocks is evaluated through diagnostic checks, and robustness tests assess sensitivity to study design. Five credible fishing mortality synthetic controls are predicted: three add support to the hypothesis that catch quotas successfully reduce fishing mortality, while two find that catch quotas increase fishing mortality. While our analysis is limited in scope, given that all seven quota‐managed stocks are managed under a single tRFMO, we highlight the potential for the synthetic control method in fisheries management evaluation.
Stage‐specific drivers of Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) recruitment in the California Current Ecosystem
Authors: Vestfals Cathleen D. , Marshall Kristin N. , Tolimieri Nick , Hunsicker Mary E. , Berger Aaron M. , Taylor Ian G. , Jacox Michael G. , Turley Brendan D.
Published: April 2023

Understanding environmental drivers of recruitment variability in marine fishes remains an important challenge in fish ecology and fisheries management. We developed a conceptual life‐history model for Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) along the west coast of the United States and Canada to generate stage‐specific and spatiotemporally‐specific hypotheses regarding the oceanographic and biological variables that likely influence their recruitment. Our model included seven life stages from pre‐spawning female conditioning through pelagic juvenile recruitment (age‐0 fish) for the coastal Pacific hake stock. Model‐estimated log recruitment deviations from the 2020 hake assessment were used as the dependent variable, with predictor variables drawn primarily from a regional ocean reanalysis for the California Current Ecosystem. Indices of prey and predator abundance were also included in our analysis, as were predictors of local‐ and basin‐scale climate. Five variables explained 59% of the recruitment variability not accounted for by the stock–recruitment relationship in the hake assessment. Recruitment deviations were negatively correlated with May–September eddy kinetic energy between 34.5° and 42.5°N, the North Pacific Current Bifurcation Index, and Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) biomass during the spawner preconditioning stage, alongshore transport during the yolk‐sac larval stage, and the number of days between storm events during the first‐feeding larval stage. Other important predictors included upwelling strength during the preconditioning stage, the number of calm periods during the first‐feeding larval stage, and age‐1 hake predation on age‐0 pelagic juveniles. These findings suggest that multiple mechanisms affect Pacific hake survival across different life stages, leading to variability in population‐level recruitment.
Factors associated with frailty transitions among the old‐old in a community
Authors: Li Jiaojiao , Zhu Minglei , Zhao Songqi , Liu Xiaohong
Published: April 2023

Aim

The study aimed to explore the factors associated with frailty transitions among the old‐old (aged ≥75 years) in a community.

Methods

The participants were all from a prospective cohort study in a community in Beijing, China. Frailty states were assessed using FRAIL at baseline and at 1‐year follow‐up. The association between factors, including comprehensive geriatric assessment and laboratory indicators, and frailty transitions were explored by binary logistic regression. The predicted value of the factors associated with frailty transitions was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and the area under the ROC (AUC) for each factor was calculated.

Results

In total, 183 older adults (mean age: 83.9 ± 4.4 years; women, 59%) completed the frailty state assessment at baseline and 1‐year follow‐up. After adjusting for age and sex, physical function, including walking speed, timed up‐and‐go test and short physical performance battery, serum albumin and serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) were associated with worsening of the frailty state. Cognitive function was associated with improving the frailty state. ROC analysis showed that low walking speed (AUC: 0.81), long timed up‐and‐go test time (AUC: 0.77), low short physical performance battery score (AUC: 0.75), low serum albumin (AUC: 0.68) and high serum hsCRP (AUC: 0.80) could predict the decline in frailty state. Good cognitive function (AUC: 0.69) predicted an improvement in the frailty state.

Conclusions

The frailty state of the old‐old with poor physical function, low serum albumin and high serum hsCRP was likely to decline, but it could improve with good cognitive function. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 405–410.
Health professionals’ recommendations on the use of fluoride varnish for caries prevention in preschool children
Authors: Couto Flávia Macedo , de Sousa Fernanda Santos de Oliveira , Vicente Gabriela Cristina , Castro Daniel Pereira de Faria , Nadanovsky Paulo , dos Santos Ana Paula Pires , Barja‐Fidalgo Fernanda
Published: April 2023

Background

Fluoride varnish (FV) is widely recommended for caries prevention in preschool children, despite its anticaries benefits being uncertain and modest. Dentists often report using clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) as a source of scientific information.

Aim

To identify and analyze recommendations for clinical practice on the use of FV for caries prevention in preschool children and to assess the methodological quality of the CPG on this topic.

Design

Two researchers independently used 12 search strategies and searched the first five pages of Google Search™ and three guideline databases for recommendations freely available to health professionals on the use of FV for caries prevention in preschoolers. Then, they retrieved and recorded recommendations that met the eligibility criteria and extracted the data. A third researcher resolved disagreements. Each included CPG was appraised using the AGREE II instrument.

Results

Twenty‐nine documents were included. Recommendations varied according to age, patients' caries risk, and application frequency. Of the six CPGs, only one scored above 70% in the AGREE II overall assessment.

Conclusion

Recommendations on the use of FV lacked scientific evidence, and CPGs were of poor quality. Application of FV is widely recommended despite recent evidence showing an uncertain, modest, and possibly not clinically relevant anticaries benefit. Dentists should be aware that it is necessary to critically appraise CPGs since they may be of poor quality.
ROUX‐EN‐Y LOOP JEJUNAL NECROSIS: ANOTHER PANCREATITIS ASSOCIATED ENTEROPATHY
Authors: Gandi F Saa , Loh A , Jones P A
Published: April 2023

Severe acute pancreatitis is frequently associated with systemic and local complications. Local sequelae include disorders of the stomach, duodenum, small and large bowel, collectively termed pancreatic enteropathies. We describe a patient with post‐gastrectomy acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis which was complicated by necrosis and perforation of an intra‐thoracic Roux‐en‐Y jejunal loop. This does not appear to have been previously reported.
CHILDHOOD CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE IN QATAR
Authors: Ehlayel M S , Akl KF
Published: April 2023

Thirty children below the age of 12 with chronic renal failure (CRF) were studied. In 21 patients (70%) the renal failure was secondary to congenital or familial aetiology. Obstructive uropathy (53.3%), mostly due to posterior urethral valves (40%), comprised the majority of cases. Four cases (13.3%) were secondary to reflux nephropathy.

It is concluded that the majority of cases of CRF in the state of Qatar are secondary to potentially treatable or preventable conditions. Use of antenatal ultrasonography combined with aggressive management of obstruction and urine infection may help reduce morbidity and mortality.
ARTIFICIAL VENTILATORY MANAGEMENT IN A SEVERE, PREGNANT ASTHMATIC — A CASE REPORT
Authors: Gruteke P , Askari A , Chatterjee TK , Chopra MP , Nwokolo FF
Published: April 2023

A 33‐year‐old pregnant atopic woman, who had never suffered from asthma or atopic‐related disorder, was admitted on three occasions during her fifth pregnancy with severe asthma. On her last admission she required more intensive monitoring and artificial ventilation. We report this patient and discuss the pathogenesis of asthma during pregnancy.

Asthma in pregnancy is not uncommon and it may take a severe course in some pregnancies. In one prospective study 42% of the patients required aggressive management, but none required artificial ventilation. However, there was no difference in the outcome of pregnancies between asthmatic and control subjects.1 Here we describe a patient with severe asthma who required artificial ventilation with a successful outcome.
HUMERAL FRACTURES IN ‘ARM WRESTLERS‘
Authors: Owen T D
Published: April 2023

We report three cases of fractures of the shaft of the humerus occurring during arm wrestling contests, which have now become a common pub — and even professional — sport. We then review all the literature on the subject. This is an unusual injury occurring in arm wrestling, but does occur and it should be remembered that radiological assessment is vital if this injury is not to be missed and the injury mismanaged.
RECTAL ADMINISTRATION OF PERFORATED NIFEDIPINE CAPSULES IN ACUTE SEVERE HYPERTENSION IN CHILDREN
Authors: Uchiyama M , Sakai K
Published: April 2023

Nine hypertensive children (mean age: 5.0 years (SD: 4.5), range: 10 months to 15 years) were administered nifedipine (capsule) rectally (0.2 to 0.5 mg/kg) when their blood pressures were over 170 mmHg systolic and/or over 110 mmhg diastolic, independent of their ages. The causes of hypertension were acute glomerulonephritis (n = 2), chronic glomerulonephritis (n = 2), renovascular hypertension (n = 4), and polycystic kidney (n = 1).

Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures fell in all children after rectal administration of nifedipine, although the response of blood pressure was weak in one child with renovascular hypertension. Blood pressures were lowest at 30 to 60 minutes, and remained under 140 mmHg systolic and 80 mmHg diastolic at least for three hours. Side‐effects were headache in one child, palpitations in two children, and facial flushing in three. All of these symptoms were mild, and no special treatment was required. These findings suggest that rectal administration of nifedipine may be effective and the most reliable way to treat young children with severe or urgent hypertension.
AORTIC DISSECTION
Authors: Ponraj P , Pepper J
Published: April 2023

Aortic dissection, once thought to be rare, is the most common catastrophe of the aorta, being twice as common as ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm.1 In one Inner London borough, aortic dissection accounted for 4.2% of sudden deaths in men over a three‐year period.2 Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial to achieving a successful outcome, because the events that influence survival occur early in the course of the disease.

Surgical repair of aortic dissection is an uncommon operation in the United Kingdom. The Cardiac Surgical Register for 1988 (the most recent year available for analysis) reveals that 208 operations were performed to replace the ascending aorta, 12 operations to replace the aortic arch and 15 operations on the descending aorta during that year.
TOO MANY RECTAL EXAMINATIONS? A SURVEY OF NURSING MANAGEMENT OF CONSTIPATION IN ELDERLY PATIENTS
Authors: Davies K N , Mulley G P
Published: April 2023

A survey of nursing practices for the diagnosis and management of constipation in elderly patients in a Department of Medicine for the Elderly showed that up to 100 patients each week were subjected to unsupervised digital rectal examination. This procedure may be distressing to the patients and is probably unnecessary. We question whether this is acceptable or desirable practice.
STEATORRHOEA AND SUB‐TOTAL VILLOUS ATROPHY COMPLICATING MEFENAMIC ACID THERAPY
Authors: Peacey S R , Walls W D
Published: April 2023

We report a case of steatorrhoea and sub‐total villous atrophy, occurring during therapy with mefenamic acid. The patient recovered on cessation of the drug while continuing a normal diet.
A COMPARISON OF KETOPROFEN SR AND SULINDAC IN THE ELDERLY WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Ahern M J , Wetherall M , Leslie A , James R H , PhD, FRACP P J Roberts‐Thomson , Rennie G C
Published: April 2023

The elderly (age >65 years) are more vulnerable to side‐effects induced by non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We therefore performed a double‐blind comparative study of ketoprofen SR and sulindac in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis, 65 years of age or older. Sulindac was chosen because of its possible renal sparing effects, and ketoprofen SR because of its short half life and sustained release delivery system. Eighty patients were entered.

More patients withdrew from the study due to side‐effects in the sulindac group; both treatment groups had a high incidence of side‐effects during this study and during previous exposure to other NSAIDs, demonstrating that the elderly are susceptible to side‐effects from NSAIDs.
RAZOXANE FOR CROHN'S COLITIS AND NON‐SPECIFIC PROCTITIS
Authors: Kingston R D , Hellman K
Published: April 2023

Oral razoxane 125 mg daily brought active Crohn's disease into remission when used alone and mainly on an out‐patient basis in all nine patients studied. Remissions took several months to achieve, but no relapses have occurred on treatment and no surgery has been necessary in any of the patients.

In the two patients with active non‐specific proctitis, oral razoxane 125 mg daily rapidly controlled the condition. Apart from mild bone marrow toxicity in one patient, no other acute toxicity has occurred and no long‐term side‐effects have been observed.
THE PREVALENCE OF CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS INFECTION AMONG GYNAECOLOGICAL PATIENTS
Authors: Edet E E
Published: April 2023

The prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis infection in the population screened, at All Saints Hospital in Chatham between 1988 and 1990, was 6.3%. The main risk factors for cervical chlamydia infections in gynaecological patients were found to be an age less than 25, low socioeconomic status, and exposure to other sexually transmitted diseases.

More research is needed to elucidate the factors that contribute to the differences in sociodemographic characteristics of this disease. Meanwhile it is clear that public health intervention is crucial to its control. The disease is frequently asymptomatic and occurs often in a population that is not seen routinely in standard STD outreach efforts. Furthermore, the chlamydia prone population is only moderately successful at referring sexual partners.
A DOUBLE‐BUND CROSSOVER TRIAL OF ATENOLOL, ENALAPRIL AND THE FIXED COMBINATION OF ATENOLOL AND NIFEDIPINE IN MILD AND MODERATE HYPERTENSION
Authors: Jackson Graham , Thirkettle J L , Taylor D J E , Jackson P Gordon , Brennand‐Roper D , Vella R , Manivannan A , Flora H K , Gupta S , Chapman C M
Published: April 2023

Sixty‐three patients with mild to moderate hypertension completed a double‐blind, randomised crossover trial of atenolol 100 mg daily, enalapril 20 mg daily and the fixed combination atenolol 50 mg and nifedipine retard 20 mg (Tenif) once daily. In the three areas of efficacy that the study compared – 24‐hour post dose blood pressure, control of blood pressure over the dosing period with particular reference to the waking day and attenuation of systolic blood pressure on exercise – atenolol and the fixed combination demonstrated greater efficacy than enalapril.
THYROTOXICOSIS PRESENTING AS A LIFE THREATENING HYPOKALAEMIC PARALYSIS: INVESTIGATION OF THE Na/K PUMP IN ISOLATED LEUCOCYTES
Authors: Chronos N , Mendel P , Ozin R L
Published: April 2023

A 37‐year‐old Chinese man presented with the rapid onset of profound muscle weakness, and a serum potassium of 1.7 mmol/l. The intravenous infusion of undiluted potassium chloride (2 mmol/ml) through a central venous catheter resulted in rapid recovery. Further investigation revealed thyrotoxicosis. He was treated with carbimazole and subsequently remained well. We assessed Na/K pump activity in isolated leucocytes taken from the patient and found an exaggerated response to adrenaline which ceased after he became euthyroid.
Analysis of patch testing results in patients with contact dermatitis in Istanbul, Turkey, from 2012 to 2022
Authors: Ünal Alkım
Published: April 2023

Background

Allergens responsible for allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) differ between populations. They can even change over the years with the effect of environmental factors.

Aims

To evaluate the results of patch testing performed in our center.

Methods

In this study, the thin‐layer rapid‐use epicutaneous (T.R.U.E.) test results of patients with a diagnosis of ACD between 2012 and 2022 were retrospectively evaluated.

Results

In 431 (42.5%) of the total 1012 patients, a positive reaction to at least one allergen was detected in the patch test. Allergen positivity was most detected for nickel sulphate (16.8%), gold sodium thiosulfate (GST) (6.9%), thimerosal (4.2%), fragrance mix (3.4%), carba mix (3.2%), and cobalt dichloride (2.9%). Nickel sulfate and GST sensitivity was found to be significantly higher in women, fragrance mix sensitivity in men, thimerosal sensitivity in individuals aged under 40 years, colophony and balsam of Peru sensitivity in head and neck dermatitis, and carba mix and thiuram mix sensitivity in atopic individuals.

Conclusions

This study presents comprehensive data from Turkey concerning the sensitivity frequencies for allergens included in the T.R.U.E. test.
Advanced wireless monitoring for children in the cardiac perioperative setting
Authors: Chen Hope , Soetikno Alan , Xu Shuai , Suresh Santhanam , Walter Jessica R.
Published: April 2023

Introduction

More than 40,000 children undergo surgical interventions annually for the treatment of congenital heart defects. Intraoperative and postoperative vital sign monitoring is a cornerstone of pediatric care.

Methods

A single‐arm prospective observational study was performed. Pediatric patients undergoing a procedure with a planned admission to the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit at Lurie Children's Hospital (Chicago, IL) were eligible for enrollment. Participant vital signs were monitored using standard equipment and an FDA‐cleared experimental device (ANNE®) consisting of a wireless patch positioned at the suprasternal notch and index finger or foot. The primary goal of the study was to assess real‐world feasibility of wireless sensors in pediatric patients with congenital cardiac defects.

Results

A total of 13 patients were enrolled, ranging in age from 4 months to 16 years with a median age of 4 years. Overall, 54% (n = 7) were female and the most common anomaly in the cohort was an atrial septal defect (n = 6). The mean admission length was 3 days (range 2‐6), resulting in more than 1000 h of vital sign monitoring (⟩60,000 data points). Bland–Altman plots were generated for heart rate and respiratory rate to assess beat‐to‐beast differences between the standard equipment and the experimental sensors.

Conclusions

Novel, wireless, flexible sensors demonstrated comparable performance to standard monitoring equipment in a cohort of pediatric patients with congenital cardiac heart defects undergoing surgery.
Shock waves as treatment of mouse myofascial trigger points
Authors: Monclús Pol , Bosque Marc , Margalef Ramón , Colomina M. Teresa , Valderrama‐Canales Francisco J. , Just Laia , Santafé Manel M.
Published: April 2023

Introduction

An abnormal increase in spontaneous neurotransmission can induce subsynaptic knots in the myocyte called myofascial trigger points. The treatment of choice is to destroy these trigger points by inserting needles. However, 10% of the population has a phobia of needles, blood, or injuries. Therefore, the objective of this study is to verify the usefulness of shock waves in the treatment of myofascial trigger points.

Methods

Two groups of mice have been developed for this: healthy muscles treated with shock waves; trigger points affected muscles artificially generated with neostigmine and subsequently treated with shock waves. Muscles were stained with methylene blue, PAS‐Alcian Blue, and labeling the axons with fluorescein and the acetylcholine receptors with rhodamine. Using intracellular recording the frequency of miniature endplate potentials (mEPPs) was recorded and endplate noise was recorded with electromyography.

Results

No healthy muscles treated with shock waves showed injury. Twitch knots in mice previously treated with neostigmine disappeared after shock wave treatment. Several motor axonal branches were retracted. On the other hand, shock wave treatment reduces the frequency of mEPPs and the number of areas with endplate noise.

Discussion

Shock waves seem to be a suitable treatment for myofascial trigger points. In the present study, with a single session of shock waves, very relevant results have been obtained, both functional (normalization of spontaneous neurotransmission) and morphological (disappearance of myofascial trigger points). Patients with a phobia of needles, blood, or injuries who cannot benefit from dry needling may turn to noninvasive radial shock wave treatment.
Rice ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme OsUbc13 negatively regulates immunity against pathogens by enhancing the activity of OsSnRK1a
Authors: Liu Jianping , Nie Bo , Yu Boling , Xu Feiyun , Zhang Qian , Wang Ya , Xu Weifeng
Published: April 2023

Ubc13 is required for Lys63‐linked polyubiquitination and innate immune responses in mammals, but its functions in plant immunity still remain largely unknown. Here, we used molecular biological, pathological, biochemical, and genetic approaches to evaluate the roles of rice OsUbc13 in response to pathogens. The OsUbc13‐RNA interference (RNAi) lines with lesion mimic phenotypes displayed a significant increase in the accumulation of flg22‐ and chitin‐induced reactive oxygen species, and in defence‐related genes expression or hormones as well as resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae. Strikingly, OsUbc13 directly interacts with OsSnRK1a, which is the α catalytic subunit of SnRK1 (sucrose non‐fermenting‐1‐related protein kinase‐1) and acts as a positive regulator of broad‐spectrum disease resistance in rice. In the OsUbc13‐RNAi plants, although the protein level of OsSnRK1a did not change, its activity and ABA sensitivity were obviously enhanced, and the K63‐linked polyubiquitination was weaker than that of wild‐type Dongjin (DJ). Overexpression of the deubiquitinase‐encoding gene OsOTUB1.1 produced similar effects with inhibition of OsUbc13 in affecting immunity responses, M. oryzae resistance, OsSnRK1a ubiquitination, and OsSnRK1a activity. Furthermore, re‐interfering with OsSnRK1a in one OsUbc13‐RNAi line (Ri‐3) partially restored its M. oryzae resistance to a level between those of Ri‐3 and DJ. Our data demonstrate OsUbc13 negatively regulates immunity against pathogens by enhancing the activity of OsSnRK1a.
Comparative proteomic and physiological analyses reveal tribenuron‐methyl phytotoxicity and nontarget‐site resistance mechanisms in Brassica napus
Authors: Hu Maolong , Zhang Hongkun , Kong Lingna , Ma Juanjuan , Wang Ting , Lu Xinyu , Guo Yue , Zhang Jiefu , Guan Rongzhan , Chu Pu
Published: April 2023

The application of herbicides is the most effective strategy for weed control and the development of herbicide‐resistant crops will facilitate the weed management. The acetolactate synthase‐inhibiting herbicide, tribenuron‐methyl (TBM), is broadly used for weed control. However, its application in rapeseed field is restricted since rapeseed is sensitive to TBM. Herein, an integrated study of cytological, physiological and proteomic analysis of the TBM‐resistant rapeseed mutant M342 and its wild‐type (WT) plants was conducted. After TBM spraying, M342 showed improved tolerance to TBM, and proteins implicated in non‐target‐site resistance (NTSR) to herbicides had a significantly higher level in M342 as compared with the WT. Differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) between these two genotypes were enriched in glutathione metabolism and oxidoreduction coenzyme metabolic process, which protected the mutant from oxidative stress triggered by TBM. Important DAPs related to stress or defence response were up‐accumulated in M342 regardless of the TBM treatment, which might serve as the constitutive part of NTSR to TBM. These results provide new clues for further exploration of the NTSR mechanism in plants and establish a theoretical basis for the development of herbicide‐resistant crops.