bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upper gastrointestinal tract perforation assessed by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography after oral Sonazoid administration in a stomach leakage mouse model
Authors: Jung Kyuhwan , Woo Sook-Young , Kim A Ran , Kim Honsoul
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) can visualize orally administered Sonazoid leaking into the peritoneal cavity in a postoperative stomach leakage mouse model.Methods: Adult female mice (n=33, 9-10 weeks old) were used. Preoperative CEUS was performed after delivering Sonazoid via intraperitoneal injection and the per oral route. A gastric leakage model was then generated by making a surgical incision of about 0.5 cm at the stomach wall, and CEUS with per oral Sonazoid administration was performed. A region of interest was drawn on the CEUS images and the signal intensity was quantitatively measured. Statistical analysis was performed using a mixed model to compare the signal intensity sampled from the pre-contrast images with those of the post-contrast images obtained at different time points.Results: CEUS after Sonazoid intraperitoneal injection in normal mice and after oral administration in mice with gastric perforation visualized the contrast medium spreading within the liver interlobar fissures continuous to the peritoneal cavity. A quantitative analysis showed that in the mice with gastric perforation, the orally delivered Sonazoid leaking into the peritoneal cavity induced a statistically significant (P<0.05) increase in signal intensity in all CEUS images obtained 10 seconds or longer after contrast delivery. However, enhancement was not observed before gastric perforation surgery (P=0.167).Conclusion: CEUS with oral Sonazoid administration efficiently visualized the contrast medium spreading within the peritoneal cavity in a postoperative stomach leakage mouse model.
Diversidad y distribución espacial de epífitas vasculares en fragmentos de bosque seco tropical del Caribe colombiano
Authors: Mercado Gómez Jorge , ArroyoMartínez Jesús David , Álvarez Pérez Pedro José
Published: March 2023

Este estudio analizó la estructura de comunidades de epífitas vasculares en dos localidades de los Montes de María (Chalán y Morroa). Se calcularon las curvas de rango-abundancia, rarefacción e interpolación-extrapolación y la diversidad alfa de las dos localidades. Además, la diversidad alfa y beta fueron estimadas en cinco estratos verticales de los forófitos. La diversidad beta se calculó con el número efectivo de comunidades y el índice de disimilitud de Bray-Curtis. Se identificó un total de 3 familias, 10 géneros y 13 especies. Orchidaceae fue la familia más rica, y Encyclia sp. y Tillandsia fueron los géneros más abundantes. Chalán es la localidad más diversa, y Anacardium excelsum es el forófito más habitado. Se hallaron por lo menos dos ensamblajes de especies relacionados con el dosel medio y alto, los cuales son el resultado del recambio de especies. Estos resultados contribuyen al conocimiento de las epífitas en el bosque seco tropical colombiano.
More sustainable artificial intelligence systems through stakeholder involvement?
Authors: Kunkel Stefanie , Schmelzle Frieder , Niehoff Silke , Beier Grischa
Published: March 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems carry risks and opportunities for environmental sustainability. The use of AI systems, for instance, can result in both software-related (direct) as well as application-context-related (indirect) resource use. Stakeholders are expected to play a
role in understanding and steering the environmental effects of AI systems. However, the processes and anticipated outcomes of stakeholder involvement in AI system lifecycles are not clear. We provide a non-exhaustive scoping review of six software and AI sustainability frameworks with respect
to their recognition of environmental sustainability and the role of stakeholders in dealing with environmental sustainability. This serves to develop recommendations for future research on how stakeholder involvement can help firms and institutions design and use more sustainable AI systems.
The contribution of data science applications to a green economy
Authors: Gotsch Matthias , Martin Nicholas , Eberling Elisabeth , Shirinzadeh Saeideh , Osiek Dirk
Published: March 2023

Data science driven applications (e.g., big data and artificial intelligence) can support the transition to a green economy. However, this requires overcoming existing barriers and providing appropriate framework conditions. Based on an analysis of 295 German and US start-ups using
data science to create positive environmental impacts, we identify six main obstacles to a greater use of data science for sustainable transformation, and propose six measures that can be used to formulate policy recommendations.This paper examines the intersections between the hoped-for
shift toward a green economy and data science (various forms of big data analytics and artificial intelligence). It does so through an analysis of data science applications with environmental relevance developed or deployed by German and US start-ups. The majority of the data science applications
identified seek to improve the efficiency of existing products and processes, or to provide information. Applications that support more fundamental transformations of existing production and consumption patterns are fewer in number. To increase the sustainability-related impact of data science,
it seems necessary to adjust policy framework conditions. Based on our findings, recommendations for action are presented regarding sustainability-related changes of the legal and regulatory framework conditions.
Fetus-in-fetu: mimicking teratoma on antenatal ultrasound
Authors: Mazhoud Ines , Skhiri Wissal , Hafsa Chiraz , Maghrebi Amel , Ksiaa Amine , Maatouk Mohamed , Ben Salem Amina
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Fetus-in-fetu is a rare congenital anomaly that occur secondary to abnormal embryogenesis in a diamniotic monochorionic pregnancy. Its diagnosis can be accurately made by imaging ultrasonography, radiography, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging. Differential diagnosis is an important issue because FIF, teratoma and cystic meconium peritonitis are very different in terms of their respective disease courses.

Case presentation

This is an interesting rare case of a 22-year-old pregnancy woman, presented for a routine antenatal ultrasound. The diagnosis of a fetus-in-fetu was suspected, complete surgical excision of the lesion was performed and the diagnosis was histopathologically confirmed

Conclusions

We describe also the common characteristic of FIF as revealed by prenatal and postnatal US, postnatal MRI, and the operative findings.
Besser spät als nie
Authors: Hurlebusch Klaus
Published: March 2023

After sixty years, the work on the Hamburg Klopstock edition is nearing completion. That is reason enough to recall the planned and unplanned, the institutional, material, financial and personal conditions under which this complete edition has become what currently distinguishes it from comparable German-language editions of poets. The conceptual and methodical characteristics are described that allow the Hamburg Klopstock edition to be classified in terms of the history of scholarly editing: the strong author-centrism in the volumes of the Works section of the edition; the explanations as a focus in the reader-friendly volumes of the correspondence as well as the methodical innovations in the Addenda section in the form of the genetic prose text representation (Addenda II) and the bibliographical description of the prints of Klopstock’s works based on the model of the Anglo-American analytical bibliography (Addenda III). The typographic design is another characteristic of this edition.
Bei uns am Markte
Authors: Sprengel Peter
Published: March 2023

What path did the textual history of Schleiermacher’s Charades take between the first handwritten transcription around 1806 and the oldest printings in the 1820s and 1830s – which lack a clear authorisation and differ greatly in textual form? In this unclear situation, Schleiermacher philology has also discussed a copy by an unknown hand as a textual witness (of dubious value), which can now be clearly assigned and dated on the basis of the accompanying letter and a comparison of manuscripts. It documents the circulation of the sociable occasional poems in the Hallenser Kreis (Halle Circle) in 1806/07 and at the same time forms the source for the second verifiable print in 1837.
Analysis and Necessity in Arithmetic in Light of Maimon’s Concept of Number as Ratio
Authors: Chikurel Idit
Published: March 2023

The article examines how Salomon Maimon’s concept of number as ratio can be used to demonstrate that arithmetical judgments are analytical. Based on his critique of Kant’s synthetic a priori judgments, I show how this notion of number fulfills Maimon’s requirements for apodictic knowledge. Moreover, I suggest that Maimon was influenced by mathematicians who previously defined number as a ratio, such as Wallis and Newton. Following an analysis of the real definition of this concept, I conclude that within the framework of Maimon’s philosophy, arithmetical judgments cannot be analytical, nor is arithmetic an objectively necessary science, but rather only subjectively necessary. We should also cast doubt on his claim that we can create real objects from pure concepts of the understanding.
Defining the zerogap: cracking along the photolithographically defined Au–Cu–Au lines with sub-nanometer precision
Authors: Kim Sunghwan , Das Bamadev , Ji Kang Hyeon , Moghaddam Mahsa Haddadi , Chen Cheng , Cha Jongjin , Namgung Seon , Lee Dukhyung , Kim Dai-Sik
Published: March 2023

Cracks are formed along the photolithographically pre-determined lines with extremely high yield and repeatability, when Cu clusters are introduced between planarized Au thin films sequentially deposited on a PET substrate. These clusters act as nanometer-sized spacers preventing the formation of contiguous metallic bond between the adjacent Au layers which will render prepatterned-cracking impossible. While the effective gap width is initially zero in the optical sense from microwaves all the way to the visible, outer-bending the PET substrate allows the gap width tuning into the 100 nm range, with the stability and controllability in the ranges of 100 s and Angstrom-scale, respectively. It is anticipated that our wafer-scale prepatterned crack technology with an unprecedented mixture of macroscopic length and Angstrom-scale controllability will open-up many applications in optoelectronics, quantum photonics and photocatalysis.
Islam- und Muslimfeindlichkeit im deutschsprachigen Raum aus praktisch-theologischer Perspektive
Authors: Polak Regina
Published: March 2023

Der Beitrag zielt auf eine (selbst)kritische Rezeption sozialwissenschaftlicher Studien zur Islam- und Muslimfeindlichkeit im deutschsprachigen Raum durch die christliche Theologie und Religionspädagogik. Denn eine Meta-Analyse ausgewählter empirischer Studien für Deutschland, Österreich und die Schweiz zeigt, dass die Dimension der Religion zwar sehr gut erforscht ist, eine genuin theologische Perspektive, die nach dem Einfluss historisch und zeitgenössisch wirkmächtiger, genuin christlicher Motive, Inhalte, Narrative und Praktiken fragt, jedoch unterbelichtet ist. Theologie und Religionspädagogik sollten sich daher hinkünftig verstärkt in die Forschung zu Islam- und Muslimfeindlichkeit einbringen.
Muslim:innenfeindlichkeit als Vorurteil und Herausforderung für interreligiöses Lernen – Konsequenzen für den christlichen Religionsunterricht
Authors: Schlag Thomas , Schweitzer Friedrich
Published: March 2023

This article addresses the question of how to deal with anti-Muslim prejudices and attitudes among pupils in Christian Religious Education, especially from the perspective of interreligious learning. Based on current empirical findings, in particular on corresponding prejudices and negative attitudes of young people and Christian pupils, the so far insufficient consideration of the problem of prejudice in concepts of interreligious learning is considered and the potentials of Religious Education for the reduction of hostility against Muslims and Islam are discussed. From there, and especially in orientation to the so-called contact hypothesis, tasks for the future of Religious Education practice and further research are outlined.
Bayerischer Religionsunterricht in christlich-ökumenischem Blickfang
Authors: Lachmann Rainer
Published: March 2023

Ausgehend von einer fragwürdigen Verpflichtungserklärung wird der traditionell nach Konfessionen getrennte Religionsunterricht in Bayern der ökumenischen Perspektive ausgesetzt. Dabei wird festgestellt, dass weder die „Gemeinsame Erklärung zur Rechtfertigungslehre“ von 1999 noch die Aufnahme der Barmer Theologischen Erklärung in die bayerische Kirchenverfassung oder einschlägige parteipolitische Anträge an den Landtag auf Seiten der Evangelisch-Lutherischen Kirche in Bayern eine Wirkung in Richtung eines gemeinsam mit der katholischen Kirche verantworteten christlich ökumenischen Religionsunterrichts zeitigte. Erst die von der Corona-Pandemie verursachte „natürliche Revolution“ ließ den Staat „eine von beiden Kirchen autorisierte Form eines temporär kooperativen Religionsunterrichts im Klassenverband“ verordnen. Umgehend wurde diese Form von den Verbänden der Religionslehrkräfte abgelehnt, was nach einer aktuellen Umfrage auch der Meinung der praktizierenden Lehrer:innen entspricht, die sich mit großer Mehrheit für einen konfessionell getrennten RU aussprechen. Dass es dementgegen in unserer inzwischen nachchristlichen Gesellschaft die gleichsam letzte Chance sei, durch einen gemeinsamen christlich ökumenischen Religionsunterricht das christliche Profil im schulischen Bildungsgeschehen zu erhalten und damit zu verhindern, dass ein konfessioneller Religionsunterricht wie bisher schließlich ersatzlos von einem religionskundlich-ethischen Unterricht abgelöst werde, ist Anliegen und religionspädagogisches Vermächtnis des Artikels.
Glycolytic System in Axons Supplement Decreased ATP Levels after Axotomy of the Peripheral Nerve
Authors: Takenaka Tomofumi , Ohnishi Yuichiro , Yamamoto Masamichi , Setoyama Daiki , Kishima Haruhiko
Published: March 2023

Wallerian degeneration (WD) occurs in the early stages of numerous neurologic disorders, and clarifying WD pathology is crucial for the advancement of neurologic therapies. ATP is acknowledged as one of the key pathologic substances in WD. The ATP-related pathologic pathways that regulate WD have been defined. The elevation of ATP levels in axon contributes to delay WD and protects axons. However, ATP is necessary for the active processes to proceed WD, given that WD is stringently managed by auto-destruction programs. But little is known about the bioenergetics during WD. In this study, we made sciatic nerve transection models forGO-ATeam2knock-in rats and mice. We presented the spatiotemporal ATP distribution in the injured axons within vivoATP imaging systems, and investigated the metabolic source of ATP in the distal nerve stump. A gradual decrease in ATP levels was observed before the progression of WD. In addition, the glycolytic system and monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) were activated in Schwann cells following axotomy. Interestingly, in axons, we found the activation of glycolytic system and the inactivation of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Glycolytic inhibitors, 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) and MCT inhibitors, a-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (4-CIN) decreased ATP and enhanced WD progression, whereas mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) inhibitors (MSDC-0160) did not change. Finally, ethyl pyruvate (EP) increased ATP levels and delayed WD. Together, our findings suggest that glycolytic system, both in Schwann cells and axons, is the main source of maintaining ATP levels in the distal nerve stump.
Persistent Firing in Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Cells in Young and Aged Rats
Authors: Brahimi Yacine , Knauer Beate , Price Alan Tobias , Valero-Aracama Maria Jesus , Reboreda Antonio , Sauvage Magdalena , Yoshida Motoharu
Published: March 2023

Persistent neuronal firing is often observed in working memory and temporal association tasks both in humans and animals, and is believed to retain necessary information in these tasks. We have reported that hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells are able to support persistent firing through intrinsic mechanisms in the presence of cholinergic agonists. However, it still remains largely unknown how persistent firing is affected by the development of animals and aging. Usingin vitropatch-clamp recordings from CA1 pyramidal cells in rat brain slices, we first show that the cellular excitability of these aged rats was significantly lower than that of the young rats, responding with fewer spikes to current injection. In addition, we found age-dependent modulations of input resistance, membrane capacitance, and spike width. However, persistent firing in aged (approximately two-year-old) rats was as strong as that in young animals, and the properties of persistent firing were very similar among different age groups. In addition, medium spike afterhyperpolarization potential (mAHP), was not increased by aging and did not correlate with the strength of persistent firing. Lastly, we estimated the depolarization current induced by the cholinergic activation. This current was proportional to the increased membrane capacitance of the aged group and was inversely correlated with their intrinsic excitability. These observations indicate that robust persistent firing can be maintained in aged rats despite reduced excitability, because of the increased amount of cholinergically induced positive current.
Shared Neural Activity But Distinct Neural Dynamics for Cognitive Control in Monkey Prefrontal and Parietal Cortex
Authors: Blackman Rachael K. , Crowe David A. , DeNicola Adele L. , Sakellaridi Sofia , Westerberg Jacob A. , Huynh Anh M. , MacDonald Angus W. , Sponheim Scott R. , Chafee Matthew V.
Published: March 2023

To better understand how prefrontal networks mediate forms of cognitive control disrupted in schizophrenia, we translated a variant of the AX continuous performance task that measures specific deficits in the human disease to 2 male monkeys and recorded neurons in PFC and parietal cortex during task performance. In the task, contextual information instructed by cue stimuli determines the response required to a subsequent probe stimulus. We found parietal neurons encoding the behavioral context instructed by cues that exhibited nearly identical activity to their prefrontal counterparts (Blackman et al., 2016). This neural population switched their preference for stimuli over the course of the trial depending on whether the stimuli signaled the need to engage cognitive control to override a prepotent response. Cues evoked visual responses that appeared in parietal neurons first, whereas population activity encoding contextual information instructed by cues was stronger and more persistent in PFC. Increasing cognitive control demand biased the representation of contextual information toward the PFC and augmented the temporal correlation of task-defined information encoded by neurons in the two areas. Oscillatory dynamics in local field potentials differed between cortical areas and carried as much information about task conditions as spike rates. We found that, at the single-neuron level, patterns of activity evoked by the task were nearly identical between the two cortical areas. Nonetheless, distinct population dynamics in PFC and parietal cortex were evident. suggesting differential contributions to cognitive control.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe recorded neural activity in PFC and parietal cortex of monkeys performing a task that measures cognitive control deficits in schizophrenia. This allowed us to characterize computations performed by neurons in the two areas to support forms of cognitive control disrupted in the disease. Subpopulations of neurons in the two areas exhibited parallel modulations in firing rate; and as a result, all patterns of task-evoked activity were distributed between PFC and parietal cortex. This included the presence in both cortical areas of neurons reflecting proactive and reactive cognitive control dissociated from stimuli or responses in the task. However, differences in the timing, strength, synchrony, and correlation of information encoded by neural activity were evident, indicating differential contributions to cognitive control.
Rethinking Multilateralism and Global Development
Authors: Espinosa María Fernanda
Published: March 2023

The multilateral system established after World War II is obsolete and insufficient to address current challenges, such as tensions between major powers and within regional blocks, inequalities, climate change, and health issues resulting from a strained power struggle between development pathways, politics, and nature. It is critical that we adapt the current system to new political realities and provide it with the means to respond to contemporary realities while also reestablishing governance arrangements to manage and preserve our global commons. In addition to governmental efforts, the participation of parliaments, local and regional governments, civil society, and the private sector is crucial in achieving a structural transformation of the multilateral system and creating a culture of inclusivity and accountability through greater social participation in decision-making. Implementing the 2030 Agenda, the Our Common Agenda report, and the outcomes of international summits will allow us to craft a new social contract balancing the needs of society, the economy, politics, and the environment.
Multilateralism and Development Cooperation: The End of an Interesting Era?
Authors: Pritchett Lant
Published: March 2023

My argument is that while enormous progress has been made during the post–World War II “development era” during which there was substantial multilateral and bilateral development cooperation, or “foreign aid,” that era is coming to a close. The main driving forces of the end of the relevance of development cooperation to the overall development endeavor is that the politics of the rich Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries has shifted such that the broad development agenda of interest to the leaders (and citizens) of the “recipient” countries can no longer muster support. Instead, the mainstream, legacy development organizations supported by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (e.g., the World Bank) are caught in a cycle of increasing irrelevance and decline, and I argue that both the external political and the internal organizational dynamics of development organizations are past the point of no return.
MICROSTRUCTURE AND THERMPROPERTIES OF N-OCTADECANE DURING PHASE TRANSION: A MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION
Authors:   College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, ZHANG S. K. , LI H. F. ,   College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, HE Y. ,   College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, HE Y. ,   College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, ZHOU Y. ,   College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology
Published: March 2023

The thermophysical properties and microstructure of n-octadecane with crystalline and amorphous were investigated by employing the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The distribution of the end to end distance and bond torsion angle of the n-octadecane molecular chain and the mean square displacement and thermal conductivity before and after phase transition were also examined. MD simulation results indicates that the molecular chain conformation of amorphous n-octadecane in solid state is gradually changed from stretching to torsion by increasing temperature, and the chains will stretch out as the temperature rises in the liquid state. Compared with amorphous paraffin, the diffusion coefficient and the phase transition temperature of crystalline paraffin is lower than that of amorphous paraffin. The thermal conductivity of crystalline paraffin is much higher than that of amorphous paraffin. It is shown that improving the order degree of PCMs is an effective method to enhance their thermophysical properties.
ELECTRONIC AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES MODULATION OF LaCuOSe BY STRAIN
Authors:   Physics Department, Govt College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan, KASHIF M. , SHAHZAD A. ,   Physics Department, Govt College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan, NASIR N. ,   Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, National Textile University, Sheikhupur Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan, KAMRAN K. ,   Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, MUNIR T. ,   Physics Department, Govt College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan, SHIFA M. S. ,   Institute of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan, YASEEN M. ,   Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, National Textile University, Sheikhupur Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan, HUSSAIN A. ,   Physics Department, Govt College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan, ANJUM N. ,   Physics Department, Govt College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan, GHANI S. ,   Department of Physics, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
Published: March 2023

Due to promising properties of wide band gap semiconductor, they are used in optoelectronic applications. LaCuOSe is a wide bandgap semiconductor with band gap of 2.8ev and shows extraordinary optoelectronic properties, high hole mobility and stable excitons. To study the effect of strain on the electronic and optical properties of LaCuOSe these properties were calculated under axial strain by using full potential linearized augmented plane-wave (FP-LAPW) method based on density functional theory (DFT) within GGA functional. The computed structural lattice parameters are in good agreement with the previous simulated and experimental results. The energy band structures, density of states, and optical properties are calculated and analyzed with and without strain. The results show that, by increasing the tensile strain, the band gap of LaCuOSe increase as compared to unstrained LaCuOse and decreases with increasing the compressive strain. The biaxial strain effects the absorption of LaCuOSe and shows blue and red shift. This study shows that band gap and optical properties can tune with biaxial strain.
STUDY OF STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES, TRIVALENT CATION SUBSTITUTION OF COBALT BASE SPINEL FERRITES CoCr0.04GdxFe1.96-xO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.12)
Authors:   Department of Physics, Bahauddin, Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Pakistan, MUSTAFA G. , MEHMOOD R. ,   Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan, MAHMOOD MIAN. H. R. ,   Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan, FAROOQ Z. ,   Department of Physics, University of Education (Lahore) FSD. Campus, Faisalabad,38000, Pakistan, FAKHAR-E-ALAM M. ,   Department of Physics, G.C. University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan, AHMAD S. M. ,   Department of Physics, G.C. University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan, YASEEN M. ,   Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan, QAYYUM M. A. ,   Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan, AHMAD N. ,   Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan, AKHTAR H. ,   Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
Published: March 2023

In the presented work, double substitution (Cr3+Gd3+) for CoCr0.04GdxFe1.96-xO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.12) synthesized by co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are employed to confirm the phase identification. The lattice constants calculated lies in the range 8.3169-8.3717Å, while Scherrer formula was used to calculate the average crystallite size 21-106 nm. Morphology of the samples was studied by SEM. M-H-loop showing the effect of Gd3+concentration on intrinsic as well as extrinsic magnetic parameter. It is observed that saturation magnetization of the resulting samples were decreased from 63.5 -53.8 emu/g with the increase in content, while coercivity observed less than 1 KOae
Optimized design of strain-compensated InxGa1-xN/GaN and InxGa1-xN/InYGa1-YN multiple-quantum-well laser diodes
Authors:   Laboratory of semiconductor devices physics (LPDS), University of Bechar, P.O.BOX 417, Bechar 08000, Algeria, Hadjaj F. , Belhadj M. ,   Laboratory of semiconductor devices physics (LPDS), University of Bechar, P.O.BOX 417, Bechar 08000, Algeria, Laoufi K. ,   Laboratory of semiconductor devices physics (LPDS), University of Bechar, P.O.BOX 417, Bechar 08000, Algeria, Missoum A. ,   Laboratory of semiconductor devices physics (LPDS), University of Bechar, P.O.BOX 417, Bechar 08000, Algeria
Published: March 2023

We carried out a study of the strain-compensated InxGa1−xN/GaN and InxGa1-xN/InyGa1-yN multiple quantum wells, In order to carry out this analysis, we choose a set of three different types of samples. The optimization of this laser structure allowed us to determine the optimal values of the functional parameters, in order to adjust their performance and interest. We also studied the electronic and structural properties of compound semiconductor alloys used in wurtzite phase and we have presented a comparative theoretical study of both structures. Our studies show the improvement of the spontaneous emission spectra and better carrier confinement from the use of InxGa1-xN/InyGa1-yN MQW with higher In-content in barrier as active regions for diode lasers and this structure is useful for the design of new high performance Laser diodes emitting in the Blue/Violet range, and it’s also shows that the process of the electron-holes transition is strongly affected by the quantum well width and the Indium composition, and the InGaN lattice mismatch that increases with In-content causing the strain accumulation inside the QW structure. However, strain is undesirable as it can cause defects such as cracking at the interface.We can optimize the InGaN/GaN strained quantum well structures to achieve a reliable optoelectronic component. It suffices to incorporate small amounts of indium in the barrier enhances the annihilation of the defect and strain, thereby improving their structural properties.
Enhanced structural and electrical properties of Ca-Ba rare earth substituted m –type hexaferrites
Authors:   Department of Physics, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur-63100, Pakistan, Khan H. M. , Mumtaz S. ,   Department of Physics, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Waheed A. ,   Department of Geotechnical Engineering, MCE (NUST), Risalpur, Pakistan, Ahmad J. ,   Department of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan, Mazhar M. E. ,   Department of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan, Abbas W. ,   Department of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan, Khan I. ,   Department of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan, Usmani M. N. ,   Department of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan, Bakhtawara S. ,   Department of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan, Javed A. ,   Department of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan, Ashraf G. A. ,   School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jao Tong University, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China, Ahmad S. ,   Department of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan, Naz R. ,   School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jao Tong University, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China, Ahmad S. ,   Department of Civil Engineering, UCE&T, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
Published: March 2023

Effect of Indium-Manganese (In-Mn) substitution on the structural electrical and dielectric properties of Ca0.5-x Ba0.5InxMnyFe12-yO19 (x = 0.00–0.10; y= 0.00–1.00) hexaferrites prepared by sol–gel auto combustion method was reported. As-synthesized samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrical and dielectric properties (resistivity and conductivity). The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of M-type hexaferrite structure. A slight enhancement was found in the in-plane lattice constant a, while the lattice constant c was suppressed with the increasing concentration of In and Mn. The results of SEM images show that the grain size decreases with increase of In-Mn substitution from 10μm to 1μm. The increased dielectric properties and fine particle sizes are useful for many applications, such as cores of inductors, transformers, isolators and magnetic memory devices.
Effect of oxalic acid as a catalyst and dry control chemical additive (DCCA) for hydrophilic aerogel base sodium silicate by ambient pressure drying
Authors:   Physics Department, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Iraq, Al-Mothafer Z. H. A. , Abdulmajeed I. M. ,   Physics Department, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Iraq, Al-Sharuee I. F. ,   Physics department, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: March 2023

Ultra-light pours hydrophilic silica were prepared by sol gel neutralization chemical method under the ambient temperature under the effect different molar ratio of oxalic acid (1, 2, and 3), to study its effect on the structure of silica aerogel based on water glass (Na2SiO3. 5H2O) used as the precursors. The gel was washed with deionized distilled water four times for 24 hours. The pH of the gel has a constant value of about 8. Time gelation occurs during (10-25) minutes depending on the acidic molar ratio. The diagnostic analysis is taken by Fourier transition infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The material products have a lightweight with low density (0.35 – 0.27) gm/cm 3, It was floating in the water by its low weight despite its hydrophilic characteristic property. All the diagnostic results matching conformity to most published research results which will also be explained in the present study
Effects on the seebeck co-efficient and electrical properties of Tl10-x ATe6 (A= Pb & Sn) in chalcogenide system
Authors:   Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic and Applied Science, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, Pakistan, Khan W. M. , Shah W. H. ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic and Applied Science, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, Pakistan, Khan N. ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic and Applied Science, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, Pakistan, Tufail M. ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic and Applied Science, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, Pakistan, Khan S. ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic and Applied Science, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, Pakistan, Syed W. A. ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic and Applied Science, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, Pakistan
Published: March 2023

The different elements are doping in the tellurium telluride to determine the different properties like electrical and thermal properties of nanoparticles. The chalcogenide nanoparticles can be characteristics by the doping of the different metals which are like the holes. We present the effects of Pb and Sn doping on the electrical and thermoelectric properties of Tellurium Telluride Tl10-xPbxTe6 and Tl10-xSnxTe6(x=1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, 2.00) respectively, which were prepared by solid state reactions in an evacuated sealed silica tubes. Structurally, all these compounds were found to be phase pure as confirmed by the x-rays diffractometery (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The thermo-power or Seebeck co-efficient (S) was measured for all these compounds which show that S increases with increasing temperature from 295 to 550 K. The Seebeck coefficient is positive for the whole temperature range, showing p-type semiconductor characteristics. Similarly, the electrical conductivity (σ) and the power factors have also complex behavior with Pb and Sn concentrations. The power factor (PF=S 2 σ) observed for Tl10-xPbxTe6 and Tl10-xSnxTe6 compounds are increases with increase in the whole temperature range (290 K-550 K) studied here. Telluride’s are narrow band-gap semiconductors, with all elements in common oxidation states, according to (Tl + ) 9 (Pb 3+ )(Te 2- )6 and (Tl + )9(Sn 3+ )(Te 2- )6. Phases range were investigated and determined with different concentration of Pb and Sn with consequents effects on electrical and thermal properties.
Dosimetric investigations of some composites consisting of metallic particles distributed in silicone rubber matrix
Authors:   West University of Timisoara, Physics Faculty, Bd. V. Parvan No. 4, 300223 Timisoara, Romania, Ile B. , Malaescu I. ,   West University of Timisoara, Physics Faculty, Bd. V. Parvan No. 4, 300223 Timisoara, Romania, Marin C. N. ,   West University of Timisoara, Physics Faculty, Bd. V. Parvan No. 4, 300223 Timisoara, Romania, Marin I. ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş”, Department of Occupational Medicine, Revolutiei 1989 Ave. No. 12, 300041 Timisoara, Romania, Spunei M. ,   West University of Timisoara, Physics Faculty, Bd. V. Parvan No. 4, 300223 Timisoara, Romania, Negru S. ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş”, Department of Oncology, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
Published: March 2023

Different dosimetric measurements to compare the radiation attenuation of a commercial bolus from Qfix against of our composites based on silicone rubber doped with aluminum, copper and bismuth powders or without any metal powders, were performed. The samples were irradiated with a 6 MV photon beam, generated by a Unique accelerator from Varian and as dosimetric detection system, an ArcCheck phantom from Sun Nuclear was used. Considering that a radiotherapy treatment requires multiple irradiations, the samples were irradiated with 5000 MU at a distance of 100 cm from the source. The results obtained showed that the percentage difference in dose at a thickness of 1.8 cm is over 6% (for samples doped with Cu or Bi) and less than 6% (for the sample not doped or the sample doped with Al), compared to the attenuation obtained in the case of the commercial bolus from Qfix. Experimental results demonstrate that the composite samples based on silicone rubber doped with metallic particles can be used as an alternative in the treatment of some type of skin surface cancers using radiotherapy with photon radiation.
Synthesis, structural, morphological, optical and electrical studies of PANI / SnO2 nanocomposites
Authors:   Research scholar, Bharathiar University,Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India, Anitha R. ,   Sri S. Ramasamy Naidu Memorial College, Sattur, Virudhunagar, Tamilnadu, India, Kumar E. ,   Department of Physics, Tamil Nadu Open University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Rathnakumar K. ,   Tamil Nadu Open University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Vella Durai S. C. ,   Department of Physics, JP College of Arts and science, Agarakattu, Tenkasi, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
Published: March 2023

Tin Oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles were prepared by the microwave-assisted solution method. Aniline monomers were prepared and polymerization in the suspension of SnO2 to form nanocomposites material, in which SnO2 nanoparticle was embedded within the polyaniline chain (PANI). Structural, Optical, Morphology and AC electrical conductivity studies of the sample were carried out using power X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, UV-Vis Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope, High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope and AC Impedance Spectroscopy. Powder XRD helped to confirm the formation of PANI/SnO2 composites and the crystallite size of the nanocomposite is found to be 16 nm. Structural changes of PANI due to the presence of SnO2 in PANI/SnO2 nanocomposites have been analyzed in FT-IR and UV-Vis spectrum. SEM images show the morphology of PANI/SnO2 nanocomposites. HRTEM images were observed and showed that the SnO2 was scattered and confirmed the PANI chain that formed a PANI/SnO2 nanocomposites material. AC conductivity was studied in the frequency between 10 Hz - 8 MHz. At higher angular frequencies, the nanocomposites exhibit almost the maximum value of AC electrical conductivity (σac) is found at 303K of SnO2 in PANI.
The spectral responsivity enhancement for gallium-doped CdO/PS heterojunction for UV detector
Authors:   Department of Physics, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, Iraq, Ali A. M. , Mohammed A. S. ,   Ministry of Education, Direction of Education in AL-Anbar, Anbar, Iraq, Hanfoosh S. M. ,   Ministry of Education, Direction of Education in AL-Anbar, Anbar, Iraq
Published: March 2023

Despite the large number of studies on CdO, it was until very recently the system properties Ga-doped CdO/PS was not recognize well. In this paper, photodetector of Gadoped CdO/Si and Ga-doped CdO/PS nanocrystalline with different Ga ratios (0, 3, and 7%) have been prepare by spray pyrolysis deposition (SPD). The structural properties of un doped CdO and doped films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, which refer to that the CdO thin films have cubic structure. The energy gap of un doped film and doped with Ga increased from 2.5 to 3.56 eV with increasing Ga ratios. I-V characteristics of Gadoped CdO/PS photodiodes without illumination exhibit good rectification behavior compared with Si substrate, and the value of photocurrent increased with Ga ratios increased. The spectral responsivity curves (A/W) of all devices prepared allow acceptable sensitivity response in the visible wavelength region, and shifted toward ultra-violet region with increase Ga ratios.
Synthesis, structural, morphological, optical and electrical conductivity properties of aluminium doped ZnO/POLY (o-TOLUIDINE) (Al-ZnO-POT) nanocomposites
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College, Coimbatore -641 018, Tamilnadu, India, Velmani N. , Tamilselvi D. ,   Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College, Coimbatore -641 018, Tamilnadu, India, Rathidevi K. ,   Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College, Coimbatore -641 018, Tamilnadu, India
Published: March 2023

Aluminium doped Zinc oxide (Al-ZnO) nanoparticles synthesized by chemical precipitation method. Chemical oxidative polymerization ofo-toluidine monomer for the synthesis of Poly (o-toluidine) (POT)polymer and its nanocomposites with Al-ZnO nanoparticles(Al-ZnO-POT)employing ammonium persulfate as an oxidizing agent in aqueous medium.Synthesized nanoparticles, polymer and nanocomposites were characterized with XRD studies, FTIR, SEM, EDAX, UV-Vis and PL analysis.The XRD pattern confirms an amorphous structurein Al -ZnO-POTnanocomposities.The FTIR pattern confirmsfunctional group and chemical bonding present in the synthesiszedsamples.SEM images confirm the nanorod shapeof nanoparticles. EDAX images confirm the elemental composition of the synthesized samples.The optical property of the particles wasanalysedby UV-Visible and PL Spectra.Incorporation of nanoparticles, polymer and nano composites showed a significant difference inelectrochemical conductivity properties were analysed by using four probe DC electrical conductivity instrument from room temperature 32°C to higher temperature 120°C.
Multilayer Langmuir-Blodgett thin films studies for chemical sensors development
Authors:   National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics - INOE 2000, Romania, Baschir L. , Simandan I. D. ,   National Institute of Materials Physics, Romania, Sava F. ,   National Institute of Materials Physics, Romania, Mihailescu A. ,   National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Romania, Socol G. ,   National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Romania
Published: March 2023

This paper presents the study of the development of complex organic materials deposited by the Langmuir Blodgett technique. We have synthetized Langmuir Blodgett multilayers for the recognition of toxic chemicals in the air and / or ultraviolet radiation. The sensitive materials are based on multilayers of stearic acid metal salts combined with nanocarbon and metalloporphyrin structures. We prepared and obtained by the Langmuir Blodgett method films with nano-metric thicknesses combined in different concentrations of metal salts of fatty acids, Nano carbon structures and metalloporphyrins. Further we have characterized and tested the materials obtained for the sensitivity and selectivity of multilayers under the influence of various toxic gases and / or ultraviolet radiation obtaining high results in the field of sensors.
Porous carbon nanofiber monolith binder-free derived from stink bean pod peel as electrode material for symmetric supercapacitor application
Authors:   Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Riau, 28293 Simpang Baru, Riau, Indonesia, Taer E. , Apriwandi A. ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Riau, 28293 Simpang Baru, Riau, Indonesia, Purba Z. ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Riau, 28293 Simpang Baru, Riau, Indonesia, Taslim R. ,   Department of Industrial Engineering, State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim, 28293 Simpang Baru, Riau, Indonesia
Published: March 2023

Activated carbon bio-wastes-based have been extensively studied as electrode material for symmetric supercapacitor. In this work, the activated carbon stink bean pod peel-based was synthesis with simplest possible technique without involving complicated techniques as electrode material for supercapacitor. Stinky bean pod peel-based activated carbon is prepared through pre-carbonization, chemical activation, carbonization, and physical activation. ZnCl2 in four different concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 m L-1 was selected as chemical reagent. Furthermore, the carbonization and physical activated were performed in furnace tube in high temperature. The physical features obtained indicate the potential of stink bean pod peel as activated carbon with a nanofiber structure and decorated by rodlike structure. In symmetric supercapacitor, the capacitive behavior was obtained as high as 265 F g-1 in 1 M H2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. In addition, the maximum energy density was found of 36.18 Wh kg-1 with power density of 125.06 W kg-1 . This simple method of obtaining activated carbon from stink bean pod peel provides a perspective for the further development of high-performance electrode materials for supercapacitor applications.