bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chinese anthropology and ethnology: the fifth way of anthropology and ethnology in the world
Authors: Zhang Jijiao , Wu Yue
Published: November 2023

Chinese anthropology and ethnology studies are shaped by diverse schools of thought, including Western anthropology, classical Marxist ethnic theory, the Soviet school of ethnology, and Chinese experience and theory. In particular, Western anthropology, classical Marxist ethnic theory, and the Soviet school have had a tremendous impact on Chinese anthropology and ethnology studies across different historical periods. In China, practical and theoretical studies on anthropology and ethnology have become increasingly embedded in those three academic traditions. In this sense, Chinese anthropology and ethnology studies are by no means a simple replica of disciplinary progress made in other countries, nor are they a mixed-up combination of overseas studies in the Chinese context. On the contrary, Chinese anthropology and ethnology studies have developed as an independent Chinese school of thought guided by Marxist principles and a research area through the efforts of generations of Chinese scholars with lessons learned from practical experiences and global research results to produce new theories and methodologies adapted to the Chinese social context. This research area aims to improve the well-being of Chinese people, featuring Chinese academic legacy and confidence. The Chinese anthropology and ethnology as an academic discipline represents the fifth way in global anthropology and ethnology studies, following its predecessors established in the United Kingdom, continental Europe, the Soviet Union, and the United States. This tradition marks a unique contribution from the developing world, one that enriches and advances global anthropology and ethnology studies. In other words, with a focus on national and contemporary imperatives, Chinese anthropology and ethnology studies have leveraged and examined other anthropological and ethnological doctrines to propose innovative concepts and theories. Furthermore, it provides valuable “Chinese experience” for developing countries to navigate anthropology and ethnology.
Multi-species endophytic Bacillus for improved control of potato soilborne and tuber-borne diseases in Tunisia: from laboratory to field conditions
Authors: Jabnoun-Khiareddine Hayfa , Aydi-Ben-Abdallah Rania , Daami-Remadi Mejda
Published: November 2023

Background

Due to the soilborne and tuber-borne nature of their causative agents, Fusarium wilt, Rhizoctonia root canker and black dot diseases are still leading to serious problems in potato production in Tunisia and worldwide. Among endophytic bacteria, the genus Bacillus is one of the most exploited microbial groups known as potent biocontrol agents against several potato diseases. In the present study, six strains belonging to five Bacillus species were screened for their abilities to inhibit root and wilt potato pathogens in vitro, in vivo and under natural conditions over three cropping seasons and to promote plant growth.

Results

Based on the dual-culture assays, the whole-cell suspensions of SV39 and SV104 (Bacillus tequilensis), SV41 (B. subtilis), SV44 (B. methylotrophicus) and SV65 (B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum) strains exhibited potent antifungal activity against important potato soilborne phytopathogens with ~ 65 to 70% inhibition rates. Significant inhibition rates were also induced by the cell-free culture filtrates, the butanolic and the chloroformic extracts depending on the target pathogens, the concentration used and the Bacillus strain tested. In pot experiment, a decrease in Rhizoctonia root canker severity, ranging from 43 to 65% compared to the inoculated and untreated control, was induced by all Bacillus spp. strain-based treatments, while SV39-, S42- and SV65-based treatments were the most effective in suppressing by 50–53 and 65–52%, black dot severity and the relative vascular discoloration extent induced by F. oxysporum f. sp. tuberosi, respectively, relative to positive control. This biocontrol potential was associated with an enhancement of potato growth parameters. Field studies indicated that soil treatment with the most of the Bacillus spp. strains had significantly controlled all the target fungal soilborne diseases and improved at the least two growth and/or production parameters depending on the strain used and the cropping seasons. SV39-, SV41-, SV44- and SV104-based treatments resulted in a significant increase in tuber yield in one cropping season.

Conclusion

These Bacillus spp. strains could be used in combinations and/or introduced with other existing practices in order to provide supplemental control of target diseases and yield promotion under organic or conventional potato production systems.
New onset heart failure with reduced ejection fraction management: single center, real-life Tunisian experience
Authors: Drissa Meriem , Krid Marouan , Azaiez Fares , Mousli Essia , Yahyaoui Soumaya , Aouji Cyrine , Drissa Habiba
Published: November 2023

Background

Heart failure (HF) is a serious and frequent pathology. It represents a major public health problem. We have few data about this pathology in our country. The aim of our study is to determine the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic characteristics of new-onset HF with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) and to study the degree of conformity of the management of HF with international recommendations.

Results

Our study population includes 210 patients hospitalized for HFrEF newly diagnosed. The average age of our patients was 64 ± 12 years. A male predominance was noted with a sex ratio of 2.8. The main etiology of HF was ischemic heart disease noted in 97 patients (46.2%). The average LVEF is 33 ± 6%. The triple combination (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors + beta blockers + Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists) was prescribed in 75 patients (35.7%). The quadruple combination (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors + beta blockers + Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists + Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 inhibitors) was prescribed in 17 patients (8.1%). Myocardial revascularization was indicated in 97 patients (46.6%) and valve surgery was indicated in 49 patients (23.3%). Hospital mortality was 3.8% and at 1 year 18.1%. Among the 192 patients followed during the first year after discharge from hospital, 81 patients had to be re-hospitalized, i.e., a 1-year rehospitalization rate of 42.2%.

Conclusions

Our study highlighted the epidemiological and clinical features of HF in a Tunisian care center, revealing our patient management deficiency. This pushes us to have a new Tunisian register to enable a better statistical analysis and lead to more relevant conclusions.
Crack sealers for the preservation of concrete bridge decks: a synthesis of a national survey and literature review
Authors: Ni Xiaoqiang , Leon-Miquel Matias , Greiner Quentin R. , Paul Alvaro , Jin Qingxu
Published: November 2023

Crack sealers are crucial for preserving concrete bridge decks and extending their service life. This paper presents a comprehensive national survey in the U.S., gathering responses from a total of 37 different agencies, along with literature studies on crack sealer practices in concrete bridge decks. The study covers various aspects, including available crack sealers, sealing triggers, approved product list and performance, resealing intervals, method selection, and surface preparation. Based on the study findings, epoxy, methyl methacrylate (MMA), and high-molecular-weight methacrylate (HMWM) are the most commonly used crack sealers, each offering distinct advantages. Sealing criteria are based on crack dimensions and deicing exposure. Resealing intervals vary due to sealant composition, deck age, and climate. Method selection considers deck attributes, temperature, and moisture. The study identifies gaps in consistently approved product lists and suggests future research areas, such as investigating the effects of entrapped chloride, conducting long-term performance testing, and correlating laboratory and field data. The study’s findings contribute to current practices, facilitating decision-making and providing guidance for targeted future research.
Hydrogen peroxide enhances transforming growth factor beta-2 induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition of ARPE-19 cells
Authors: Gelat Brijesh , Rathaur Pooja , Malaviya Pooja , Patel Binita , Vasavada Abhay R. , Johar S. R. Kaid
Published: November 2023

Background

In the pathophysiology of the retina, the epithelial–mesenchymal transition and oxidative stress play key roles. To find a relationship between oxidative stress and diabetic retinopathy or proliferative retinopathy, we used an in-silico approach. We also used an in vitro investigation to examine the synergistic effect of transforming growth factors-β2 (TGFβ2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of ARPE-19 cells, analyzing cell survival, cell migration by wound healing, and expression epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers at the protein and mRNA levels.

Results

For 24 h, human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) were cultured in standard conditions and subjected to various concentrations of TGFβ2, H2O2, and their combinations. According to a bioinformatics study, signaling pathways including hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1), forkhead box O (FoxO), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K-Akt), and transforming growth factors-β (TGFβ-signaling), both growth factors and oxidative stress-associated proteins play a significant role in the development of retinopathies. In vitro studies showed that oxidative stress induced by H2O2 and TGFβ2 enhances the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of ARPE-19 cells.

Conclusions

Hydrogen peroxide enhances the TGFβ2-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition of human retinal pigment epithelial cells, or at least in cell line ARPE-19 cells.

Graphical abstract
Gender Disparities of Youths in Trust on Health Management Systems during Post-COVID-19 in Bangladesh
Authors: Rashid Md. Harunur , Muyeed Abdul , Rumi Maruf Hasan , Akter Habiba
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroduction: To tackle deadly pandemics like COVID-19, men and women have to have faith in the country's health management system. The purpose of this paper is to find out the gender-based disparities in trust in the public health measures taken in Bangladesh during post COVID -19 pandemic.Methods: A cross-sectional study design and quantitative research approach were used to collect primary data. A total of 742 students from different socioeconomic backgrounds participated in the survey randomly by filling up a structured questionnaire from 15 June 2022 to 10 July 2022. The Wilks’ λ statistic, MANOVA and Regression analysis were performed in this study to find out the gender-based differences in trust in the public health measures taken in Bangladesh during post COVID -19 pandemic. Results: In a multivariate test, the p-value is 0.018 (p<0.05), which implies a significant difference between the trust of male and female among youths about public health measures during the post COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. This study provides that overall infrastructure, responsiveness and attachments have a significant correlation with youth trust as all the p-values < 0.001. Conclusions: Health infrastructure and youths’ attachment to the various networks and institutions have more impact on determining the level of trust in government health measures during the post pandemic than the way of government responsiveness; policymakers and advocates will get significant insight from the findings of the study during post COVID-19. Without gender sensitive health policy measures, gaining citizen trust for the government will be difficult.
Σύνθεση και χαρακτηρισμός κατά συστάδες συμπολυμερών βασισμένα σε πολύ(Ν-βινυλοπυρρολιδόνη) με πολυμερισμό αντιστρεπτής μεταφοράς αλυσίδας με προσθήκη και απόσπαση
Authors: Ρόκα Νικολέττα
Published: November 2023

Στην παρούσα διατριβή περιγράφεται η σύνθεση καινοτόμων υλικών και συγκεκριμένα κατά συστάδες συμπολυμερών με χρήση της τεχνικής ριζικού πολυμερισμού με αντιστρεπτή μεταφορά αλυσίδας με προσθήκη και απόσπαση (RAFT), και με χρήση της μεθόδου της διαδοχικής προσθήκης μονομερών. Παρασκευάστηκαν κατά συστάδες συμπολυμερή, όπου η μία συστάδα είναι η πολυ(Ν-βινυλοπυρρολιδόνη) (PNVP), ενώ η δεύτερη συστάδα είναι ένας πολυ-μεθακρυλικός εστέρας, και συγκεκριμένα ο πολυ(μεθακρυλικός βενζυλεστέρας) (PBzMA), ο πολυ(μεθακρυλικος-2-διμεθυλαμινο-αιθυλεστέρας) (PDMA), ο πολυ(μεθακρυλικός εξυλεστέρας) (PHMA) και ο πολυ(μεθακρυλικός στεαρυλεστέρας) (PSMA). Επίσης, ως δεύτερη συστάδα χρησιμοποιήθηκε ένας πολυ-βινυλεστέρας και συγκεκριμένα ο πολυ(βουτυρικός βινυλεστέρας) (PVBu), ο πολυ(δεκανοϊκός βινυλεστέρας) (PVDc) και ο πολυ(στεατικός βινυλεστέρας) (PVSt). Ως αντιδραστήριo μεταφοράς χρησιμοποιήθηκε το O-ethyl S-(phthalimidylmethyl) xanthate (CTA 3), και επιπλέον σχεδιάστηκε και συντέθηκε ένα νέο στη βιβλιογραφία CTA, το phthalimidylmethyl dithiobenzoate (CTA ΧΜ). Σε όλες τις συνθέσεις χρησιμοποιήθηκαν τεχνικές υψηλού κενού για τον αποκλεισμό του οξυγόνου και της υγρασίας. Τα συμπολυμερή χαρακτηρίζονται με ποικίλες τεχνικές, όπως χρωματογραφικές, φασματοσκοπικές, θερμικές και επίσης, έγινε μελέτη ως προς τις ιδιότητες αυτο-οργάνωσης σε εκλεκτικούς διαλύτες με τεχνικές σκέδασης. Τέλος, εξετάζεται ο εγκλεισμός κουρκουμίνης, μιας χρωστικής/φαρμακευτικής ουσίας που παρουσιάζει ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον, στον πυρήνα των μικκυλιακών δομών που σχηματίζουν τα υλικά αυτά σε υδατικό περιβάλλον. Τα συμπολυμερή που παρασκευάστηκαν αυτο-οργανώνονται σε υδατικά διαλύματα και έτσι μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν δυνητικά ως μεταφορείς υδρόφοβων φαρμάκων.
Τα ένδεκα αναστάσιμα εωθινά δοξαστικά ιδιόμελα στην ψαλτική τέχνη
Authors: Σάρμας Παναγιώτης
Published: November 2023

Η παρούσα διατριβή ερευνά τα ένδεκα αναστάσιμα εωθινά δοξαστικά του βασιλέως Λέοντος στ’ του Σοφού. Σε σχέση με τις προηγούμενες έρευνες στο θέμα αυτό, η συγκεκριμένη διατριβή προσφέρει τα εξής: • εξονυχιστική διερεύνηση και ανάλυση όλων των μελοποιήσεων, συντμήσεων, καλλωπισμών από τον 11ο αι. μέχρι σήμερα, • συσχετισμό αυτών με την εξέλιξη του Στιχηραρίου, • συγκριτική παρουσίαση των σημαντικότερων μελοποιήσεων με παράλληλο σχολιασμό, • συγκριτική παρουσίαση της εξήγησης του μέλους του Παλαιού Στιχηραρίου σε τρία είδη σημειογραφίας, την πενταγραμμική του Κιέβου, την όψιμη εξηγητική του Πέτρου Βυζαντίου και αυτήν την Γρηγορίου και Χουρμουζίου στη Νέα Μέθοδο. Επίσης, το θέμα του ποιητή και μελουργού των εωθινών δοξαστικών επανεξετάζεται κριτικά και τα πορίσματα βασίζονται σε αυτοψία μεγάλου αριθμού χειρογράφων, με παράλληλη τεκμηρίωση σε εκτενή βιβλιογραφία σχετική με τους πιθανούς δημιουργούς. Σημαντικό μέρος της παρούσας εργασίας αποτελεί η μελέτη της Οκτωήχου με βάση το πλούσιο υλικό των μουσικών χειρογράφων που περιέχουν τα Εωθινά, αλλά πάντα προσπαθώντας να ενσωματωθεί η οπτική της κάθε εποχής, όπως αυτή φαίνεται στις θεωρητικές πραγματείες των περιόδων εκείνων. Ειδικότερα, στο θέμα του λεγόμενου «χρωματικού γένους» παρουσιάζεται ο μηχανισμός παραγωγής του από το «διατονικό γένος» και εξετάζονται αναλυτικά τα «Ημίφωνα», τα οποία παρουσιάζουν έντονες ομοιότητες με τα αντίστοιχα νεύματα της δυτικής εκκλησιαστικής μουσικής. Στα μέρη β’ και γ’ έγινε προσπάθεια να επιλεγούν και να παρουσιαστούν ευσύνοπτα και συγκριτικά τα σημαντικότερα μέλη, ως μια δεξαμενή πρώτης ύλης για μελλοντικές μελέτες. Ο σχολιασμός τους είναι εξαιρετικά σύντομος και δεν αποτελεί εξαντλητική μελέτη του υλικού. Παράλληλα, μια και τα ένδεκα Εωθινά δοξαστικά διατρέχουν όλη την Οκτώηχο και περιέχουν το μεγαλύτερο μέρος των θέσεων του Στιχηραρίου, οι συγκριτικές εξηγήσεις του μέρους γ’ αποτελούν και ένα είδος «κλείδας», όπου παρουσιάζονται οι εξηγήσεις των παλαιών στιχηραρικών θέσεων σε τρία είδη σημειογραφίας: εξηγητική, πενταγραμμική Κιέβου και Νέας Μεθόδου.
Electrospinning and nanofibre applications: fundamentals and recent status
Authors: Gadakh Archana , Kulkarni Abhijeet
Published: November 2023

A field that is constantly growing is the bio fabrication of biomimetic materials for tissue engineering applications. Particularly intriguing are the mechanical and structural features that nano fibrous scales can emulate (e.g., collagen fibres). This review provides a broad overview of the production of nanofibers with a focus on the creation and use of electrospun nano fibrous scaffolds. Electrospinning allows for the creation of mats with precise fibre arrangements and structural integrity using a variety of biodegradable biopolymers. This review also lists some production process benefits and drawbacks. Also, the characteristics of the nanofibers that can be created using each process are illustrated together with the electrospinning techniques for producing nanofibers.
Participant recruitment among vulnerable populations: An experience from a qualitative study among refugee adolescents in Germany
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Marjan , Taras Asra , Stock Christiane
Published: November 2023

When it comes to actual practice, comparing to theoretical plans, the study progress is much more complicated due to both predicted and unpredicted challenges in the study participant recruitment. The situation is even more difficult if the research team deal with a vulnerable population. The current article represents and discusses the recruitment process for a currently unpublished qualitative study, conducted in Germany in 2021, as the first phase of our project: SC-SD4ASA: A self-care/self-development guidebook for asylum-seeking adolescents. First a brief of the study methodology is outlined and then, the strategies used to reach the potential participants including major/government organizations for refugees, private organizations and local centers, social media, youth’s favorite public places, and participatory strategy are discussed. Finally, our experience of participant recruitment challenges in this study is reviewed. We hope that the points raised from our experience can be helpful to other researchers in the same field. Overall, the experience of recruiting our participants emphasized the necessity for a dedicated point of contact for consultation and the provision of resources to connect with potential participants for researchers in the field of refugee and migrant health. Furthermore, the influence of trustworthy individuals, particularly within the community, should not be underestimated. Their assistance can significantly benefit the advancement of a research project.
A cognitive behavioural mHealth intervention for families in the postpartum period to enhance weight management, mental well-being and resilience – a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (I‑PREGNO)
Authors: Henning Carmen , Wolstein Jörg , Boehlke Eva , Fischer Uwe C. , Liel Christoph , Lux Ulrike , Opitz Ansgar , Seiferth Caroline , van Poppel Mireille N.M. , Vogel Lea , Löchner Johanna
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The postpartum period goes along with an increased risk of unhealthy weight gain and numerous physical and psychological challenges, which are associated with mental well-being and resilience. Given the individual circumstances and the accompanying time constraints, evidence-based mHealth interventions may be useful for flexible, spot-on complementary care. Thus, the mHealth app I-PREGNO aims to enhance mental well-being and resilience by offering cognitive-behavioural and behaviour change skills training to prevent unhealthy weight development in this vulnerable life episode. In a randomised controlled trial, we will examine its effectiveness and acceptance.

Protocol: Parents of infants between 0 and 12 months will be randomised to the intervention or control group. Both groups will take part in a baseline survey (t0) and further assessments after 12 weeks (intervention duration, t1), and 6 months (t2). The intervention group will use the self-guided mHealth app after t0 and both groups will get unlimited access after t2. The primary outcomes will be i) weight (difference of weight in kg after the intervention  and pre-pregnancy); ii) mental well-being assessed through the Edinburgh-Postnatal-Depression-Scale and Parenting Stress Index; iii) resilience assessed through the General Self-Efficacy Scale and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Secondary outcomes will be sociodemographic variables, eating behaviour, physical activity, relationship experiences, childhood trauma, postpartum bonding, regulatory disorders, and app usability. Gender differences between mothers and fathers will be considered.

Conclusion: Positive effects on weight development in the postpartum period, mental well-being, and resilience due to the I-PREGNO intervention will support parental health in the critical postpartum phase. The study results will contribute to the growing field of evidence-based, highly scalable, low-cost, geographically independent, just-in-time mobile support for a target group that is restricted in time and resources.

Trial registration: The trial has been registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00031067) in January 2023 prospectively.
Gendered stereotype content for people with a nonbinary gender identity
Authors: Klysing Amanda , Gustafsson Sendén Marie , Renström Emma , Lindqvist Anna
Published: November 2023

Background Gender stereotypes about women and men have a complementary structure, where women and men are seen as high/low in feminine characteristics and low/high in masculine characteristics. These stereotypes are related to representation within social roles, where beliefs about social role occupation influences which characteristics are associated with women or men. It is not known how people with gender identities that do not fit a binary structure are stereotyped. The current study provides a first step towards addressing this gap. Methods Swedish participants (N = 152) reported descriptive stereotype content (positive/negative feminine/masculine personality characteristics) and estimations of representation within domestic and occupational social roles for people with a nonbinary gender identity for the past, present, and future in a between-groups design. Stereotype content for the past included a higher degree of feminine compared to masculine characteristics, but ratings for the present and future showed no differentiation between femininity and masculinity. Results People with a nonbinary gender identity were believed to more frequently occupy feminine compared to masculine social roles for all time points; this was especially pronounced for occupational social roles. The theorised connection between social role occupation and stereotype content did not emerge: degree of positive masculinity and femininity correlated positively with representation in masculine domestic and occupational roles respectively, but positive femininity was negatively correlated with representation in feminine occupational roles. Conclusions These results indicate that stereotypes about people with a nonbinary gender identity do not show the same complementary pattern or reliance on social roles as gender stereotypes about women and men, but that there is a feminine bias in perceptions of social role occupation for people with a nonbinary gender identity.
Predicting outcomes of smoking cessation interventions in novel scenarios using ontology-informed, interpretable machine learning
Authors: Hastings Janna , Glauer Martin , West Robert , Thomas James , Wright Alison J. , Michie Susan
Published: November 2023

Background Systematic reviews of effectiveness estimate the relative average effects of interventions and comparators in a set of existing studies e.g., using rate ratios. However, policymakers, planners and practitioners require predictions about outcomes in novel scenarios where aspects of the interventions, populations or settings may differ. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an ontology-informed, interpretable machine learning algorithm to predict smoking cessation outcomes using detailed information about interventions, their contexts and evaluation study methods. This is the second of two linked papers on the use of machine learning in the Human Behaviour-Change Project. Methods The study used a corpus of 405 reports of randomised trials of smoking cessation interventions from the Cochrane Library database. These were annotated using the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology to classify, for each of 971 study arms, 82 features representing details of intervention content and delivery, population, setting, outcome, and study methodology. The annotated data was used to train a novel machine learning algorithm based on a set of interpretable rules organised according to the ontology. The algorithm was evaluated for predictive accuracy by performance in five-fold 80:20 cross-validation, and compared with other approaches. Results The machine learning algorithm produced a mean absolute error in prediction percentage cessation rates of 9.15% in cross-validation, outperforming other approaches including an uninterpretable ‘black-box’ deep neural network (9.42%), a linear regression model (10.55%) and a decision tree-based approach (9.53%). The rules generated by the algorithm were synthesised into a consensus rule set to create a publicly available predictive tool to provide outcome predictions and explanations in the form of rules expressed in terms of predictive features and their combinations. Conclusions An ontologically-informed, interpretable machine learning algorithm, using information about intervention scenarios from reports of smoking cessation trials, can predict outcomes in new smoking cessation intervention scenarios with moderate accuracy.
The concept of the hierarchical structure of the mental experience of a student of programming
Authors: Belyakov Andrey , Muratova Elena
Published: November 2023

The article raises the problem of insufficient attention to such a pedagogical category as the student's mental experience and its impact on cognitive processes. The possibility of considering the student's mental experience as an element of the content of education and as a resource for building an effective process of teaching programming at a university is discussed. Due to the fact that modern programming is built within the framework of technological processes, the activities of programmers are regulated. The program code is compiled in a formalized programming language, limited by syntactic rules and semantic constructions. Design patterns are used to facilitate the development of complex information systems. The pattern can be set both for the elementary level of abstraction - using structural operators of a programming language, and for the highest level - building an information system architecture. As part of the development of design patterns, representations of patterns are formed in the mental experience of the student. In the process of solving a programming problem, in the presence of an appropriate mental representation, a detailed analysis of the pattern execution algorithm does not occur in the cognitive processes of the student, the decision is formed directly on the basis of associative linking of information stimuli and elements of mental experience. The article lists the theses of the concept of the hierarchical structure of mental experience, which can be considered as a theoretical basis for the development of pedagogical technologies aimed at improving the efficiency of mastering professional competencies.
Professional and personal development of employees of internal affairs bodies: features, ways of optimization
Authors: Kutyepova Marina
Published: November 2023

The study of the features of professional and personal development of employees of the internal affairs bodies is relevant, since the process of improvement contributes to providing the internal affairs bodies with highly qualified personnel and improving the efficiency of official activity. The features of professional and personal development of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation are chosen as the subject of the study. The purpose of the work: to study the features and identify ways to optimize the professional and personal development of employees based on the analysis of the results of the study. Research hypothesis: individual characteristics of psychological qualities of a person influence the formation of professional qualities and the success of official activity.

120 employees and civil servants of the internal affairs bodies took part in the study. On the basis of the questionnaire, personal data, information about working conditions, about the attitude to service in the internal affairs bodies were obtained. As a result of the analysis of data on the features and problems of professional and personal development, ways to optimize it were worked out.

In the course of the conducted research, knowledge about the features of professional and personal development of employees of internal affairs bodies was supplemented. The significance of the results obtained for practical activity lies in the justification of the directions of optimization of professional and personal development of employees.

Conclusions: the improvement of the system of professional and personal development of employees of the internal affairs bodies is ensured by the continuity of this process and the creation of conditions for self-improvement of employees to solve problems of their professional and personal development.
Using Appreciative Inquiry to Improve Cultural Humility in Primary Healthcare
Authors: Livingston Cene’ L
Published: November 2023

Primary care providers (PCPs) care for a more diverse population than ever before. PCPs must practice cultural humility to address inequities in health outcomes. The project aimed to introduce Appreciative Inquiry (AI) as a method to begin conversations surrounding cultural humility and raise awareness about its importance. Nurse practitioners working in primary care in both rural and urban settings participated. Results indicated that AI did impact PCP understanding and use of cultural humility in practice.
Consenso de expertos sobre la eficacia clínica y directrices sobre la terapia de oxígeno transdérmico continuo para la cicatrización de las heridas complejas o difíciles de cicatrizar
Authors: Pacheco Yamile Jubiz , Marin Enfermera Lady Nieto , Ocampo Dora Bernal , Gutiérrez Carmen Beatriz Baquero , Salom Gustavo Adolfo Marquez , Ruiz Jaime Brugés , Garzon Gary Fernando Monclou , Casado John Jairo Perez , Agudelo Iván Mauricio Hernández , Mendez Juan Angel Vásquez , Lopez Enfermera Hilsen Duran , Bohorquez Ulises Múnera , Chamorro Damaris Romero , Carrascal Alexandra Otero , Suarez Emerson Barajas , Cole Windy , Serena Thomas , Marquez Camilo Acosta , Woodmansey Emma
Published: November 2023

Introducción: El oxígeno es esencial en la cicatrización de heridas. Su ausencia o hipoxia puede retrasar este proceso, especialmente en individuos con comorbilidades, lo que podría resultar en heridas complejas o de difícil cicatrización. La Asociación Colombiana de Diabetes (ACD) y la Asociación Colombiana de Medicina Interna (ACMI) se unieron con un grupo diverso de expertos para brindar recomendaciones sobre la eficacia y práctica de la terapia de oxígeno transdérmico continuo (TOTc) en el cuidado de estas heridas. Método: Se utilizó la técnica Delphi modificada para obtener respuestas y retroalimentación controlada. Expertos de diversas disciplinas participaron en la revisión y discusión de numerosos estudios científicos relevantes, centrados en el papel de la TOTc en el tratamiento de úlceras crónicas. Resultados: El oxígeno transdérmico continuo ha demostrado ser una terapia eficaz y segura en el tratamiento de úlceras crónicas y/o de difícil cicatrización. Esta terapia aborda directamente la deficiencia de oxígeno en la herida, proporcionando un entorno propicio para la curación. Se observaron beneficios significativos, incluyendo aceleración del proceso de cicatrización, reducción del tamaño de la herida y mejora en la calidad de vida del paciente. Se encontró eficacia en diversas etiologías de úlceras, subrayando su versatilidad terapéutica. Conclusiones: La terapia de oxígeno transdérmico continuo es eficaz y segura para tratar úlceras crónicas y de difícil cicatrización. Es vital abordar cada caso de manera individualizada y mediante un enfoque multidisciplinario para maximizar los beneficios de esta terapia. La evidencia y experiencia clínica respaldan su utilidad en diversas etiologías de úlceras. Palabras clave: Terapia de oxígeno transdérmico continuo, Oxígeno, Pie diabético, Cicatrización de heridas, Cuidado de heridas, Úlceras vasculares, Lesiones por presión, Hipoxia, Infección.
COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH PRIMARY REVERSE SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY, 2011 TO 2021
Authors: du Plessis Jan Gabriel , Koch Odette , le Roux TLB , O'Connor Megan
Published: November 2023

In reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA), a high complication rate is noted in the international literature (24.7%), and limited local literature is available. The complications in our developing health system, with high HIV, tuberculosis and metabolic syndrome prevalence may be different from that in developed health systems where the literature largely emanates from. The aim of this study is to describe the complications and complication rate following RSA in a South African cohort.

An analytical, cross-sectional study was done where all patients’ who received RSA over an 11 year period at a tertiary hospital were evaluated. One-hundred-and-twenty-six primary RSA patients met the inclusion criteria and a detailed retrospective evaluation of their demographics, clinical variables and complication associated with their shoulder arthroplasty were assessed. All fracture, revision and tumour resection arthroplasties were excluded, and a minimum of 6 months follow up was required.

A primary RSA complication rate of 19.0% (24/126) was noted, with the most complications occurring after 90 days at 54.2% (13/24). Instability was the predominant delayed complication at 61.5% (8/13) and sepsis being the most common in the early days at 45.5% (5/11). Haematoma formation, hardware failure and axillary nerve injury were also noted at 4.2% each (1/24).

Keeping in mind the immense difference in socioeconomical status and patient demographics in a third world country the RSA complication rate in this study correlates with the known international consensus. This also proves that RSA is still a suitable option for rotator cuff arthropathy and glenohumeral osteoarthritis even in an economically constrained environment like South Africa.
ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS WITH CONCOMITANT SPONDYLOLYSIS: CHOICE OF FUSION LEVELS EVALUATION OF THE OUTCOMES OBTAINED LEAVING THE LYTIC LEVEL NOT INSTRUMENTED
Authors: Crawford Haemish , Baroncini Alice , Field Antony , Segar Anand
Published: November 2023

7% of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients also present with a pars defect. To date, there are no available data on the results of fusion ending proximal to a spondylolysis in the setting of AIS. The aim of this study was to analyze the outcomes of posterior spinal fusion (PSF) in this patient cohort, to investigate if maintaining the lytic segment unfused represents a safe option.

Retrospective review of all patients who received PSF for AIS, presented with a spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis and had a min. 2-years follow-up. Demographic data, instrumented levels and preoperative radiographic data were collected. Mechanical complications, coronal or sagittal parameters, amount of slippage and pain levels were evaluated.

Data from 22 patients were available (age 14.4 ± 2.5 years), 18 Lenke 1–2 and four Lenke 3–6. Five patients (24%) had an isthmic spondylolisthesis, all Meyerding I. The mean preoperative Cobb angle of the instrumented curves was 58 ± 13°. For 18 patients the lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) was the last touched vertebra (LTV); for two LIV was distal to the LTV; for two, LIV was one level proximal to the LTV. The number of segments between the LIV and the lytic vertebra ranged from 1 to 6. At the last follow-up, no complications were observed. The residual curve below the instrumentation measured 8.5 ± 6.4°, the lordosis below the instrumented levels was 51.4 ± 13°. The magnitude of the isthmic spondylolisthesis remained constant for all included patients. Three patients reported minimal occasional low back pain.

The LTV can be safely used as LIV when performing PSF for the management of AIS in patients with L5 spondylolysis
CLINICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL OUTCOME OF LENKE V ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS VIA THE ANTERIOR APPROACH
Authors: Arnolds Delroy , Marie-Hardy Laura , Dunn Robert
Published: November 2023

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine, affecting 1–3% of the population.

Most cases are treated conservatively. Curves exceeding 45° in the thoracic spine and 40° in the lumbar spine may require correction and fusion surgery, to limit the progression of the curve and prevent restrictive pulmonary insufficiency (curves above 70°). When fusion is required, it may be performed either by posterior or anterior approaches. Posterior is useful for thoracic (Lenke I) curves, notably to correct the thoracic hypokyphosis frequently observed in AIS. Anterior approaches by thoraco-lombotomies allow an effective correction of thoraco-lumbar and lumbar curves (Lenke V and VI), with fewer levels fused than with posterior approaches. However, the approach requires diaphragm splitting and one may be concerned about the long-term pulmonary consequences. The literature provides conflicting insight regarding the consequences of the approach in anterior scoliosis correction, the interpretation of the results being difficult knowing that the correction of the scoliosis itself may improve pulmonary function.

This is a retrospective observational study done at a Tertiary Institution. The HRQOL scores have been collected as a prospective cohort. Clinical and radiographic data was collected from patients charts and analysed by two senior surgeons

A cohort of 64 patients were operated in the given time period. 50 patients met the inclusion criteria. No major complications were reported. The Union rate was 100% and no post operative complications were noted. Pre and post SRS scores improved in all patients.

The Anterior approach for Lenke V AIS gives great surgical exposure and allows for excellent correction of Cobb angle with minimal risk to the patient.
AN INTERPOPULATION COMPARISON AND CORRELATION OF 3D MORPHOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF THE SCAPULA
Authors: Rachuene Pududu Archie , Dey Roopam , Motchon Yawovi Dodzi , Sivarasu Sudesh , Stephen Roche
Published: November 2023

In patients with shoulder arthritis, the ability to accurately determine glenoid morphological alterations affects the outcomes of shoulder arthroplasty surgery significantly. This study was conducted to determine whether there is a correlation between scapular and glenoid morphometric components. Existence of such a correlation may help surgeons accurately estimate glenoid bone loss during pre-operative planning.

The dimensions and geometric relationships of the scapula, scapula apophysis and glenoid were assessed using CT scan images of 37 South African and 40 Chinese cadavers. Various anatomical landmarks were marked on the 77 scapulae and a custom script was developed to perform the measurements. Intra-cohort correlation and inter-cohort differences were statistically analysed using IBM SPSS v28. The condition for statistical significance was p<0.05.

The glenoid width and height were found to be significantly (p<0.05) correlated with superior glenoid to acromion tip distance, scapula height, acromion tip to acromion angle distance, acromion width, scapula width, and coracoid width, in both the cohorts. While anterior glenoid to coracoid tip distance was found to be significantly correlated to glenoid height and width in the South African cohort, it was only significantly correlated to glenoid height in the Chinese cohort. Significant (p<0.05) inter-cohort differences were observed for coracoid height, coracoid width, glenoid width, scapula width, superior glenoid to acromion tip distance, and anterior glenoid to coracoid tip distance.

This study found correlations between the scapula apophyseal and glenoid measurements in the population groups studied. These morphometric correlations can be used to estimate the quantity of bone loss in shoulder arthroplasty patients.
THE OFFICIAL TRANSLATION OF THE DASH SCORING SYSTEM TO ISIZULU FOR USE IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Rankin Mario , Majola Samkelwe
Published: November 2023

The Disability of Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score questionnaire is a common self-administered tool to assess symptom severity and function in patients with injuries or pathology of the upper limb. However, having such a pertinent tool only in English is limiting in multi-cultural and multilingual populations where English is not always the first language, such as our South African context. IsiZulu is the most widely spoken language in South Africa (approximately 25% of the population). There are certain instances in research, particularly in international studies, where non-English speaking individuals need to be excluded based on translator reliability. This puts our institutions at a disadvantage by not being able to contribute to research.

As per the international Institute of Work and Health (IWH), we followed the 5 stage guidelines to achieve the most appropriate linguistic and cultural adapted translation for our setting. (1) Two independent translations from English to isiZulu. (2) A synthesis of the 2 initial translations. (3) Two independent back-translations from the synthesized isiZulu version into English. (4) Expert panel (consisting of university lecturers and official translators) to review all versions and re-create an optimized synthesized version. (5) Pre-testing of the final optimized synthesized version in a pilot study. This rigorous process allowed for a concise and more culturally relevant translation for use in our population. The fourth stage in the process was integral in synthesizing the tool while considering the colloquial and semantic differences and resolving them with appropriate equivalents.

The IWH guidelines aids in the cross-cultural adaptation of the DASH score while remaining valid and comparable to the original English version. This is beneficial in multi-national research projects and allows for the standardization of health outcome measures.
TRANSCORACOID DRILLING FOR CORACOCLAVICULAR LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT DISLOCATIONS RESULT IN ECCENTRIC TUNNELS
Authors: Molepo Maketo , Hohmann Erik , Oduoye Sinmiloluwa , Myburgh Jolandie , van Zyl Reinette , Keough Natalie
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to describe the morphology of the coracoid process and determine the frequency of commonly observed patterns. The second purpose was to determine the location of inferior tunnel exit with superior based tunnel drilling and the superior tunnel exit with inferior based tunnel drilling.

A sample of 100 dry scapulae for the morphology aspect and 52 cadaveric embalmed shoulders for tunnel drilling were used. The coracoid process was described qualitatively and categorized into 6 different shapes. A transcoracoid tunnel was drilled at the centre of the base. Twenty-six shoulders were used for the superior-inferior tunnel drilling approach and 26 for the inferior-superior tunnel drilling approach. The distances to the margins of the coracoid process, from both the entry and exit points of the tunnel, were measured.

Eight coracoid processes were of convex shape, 31 of hooked shape, 18 of irregular shape, 18 of narrow shape, 25 of straight shape, and 13 of wide shape. The mean difference for the distances between superior entry and inferior exit from the apex was Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation 3.65+3.51mm (p=0.002); 1.57+2.27mm for the lateral border (p=0.40) and 5.53+3.45mm for the medial border (p=0.001). The mean difference for the distances between inferior entry and superior exit from the apex was 16.95+3.11mm (p=0.0001); 6.51+3.2mm for the lateral border (p=0.40) and 1.03+2.32 mm for the medial border (p=0.045).

The most common coracoid process shape observed was a hooked pattern. Both superior to inferior and inferior to superior tunnel drilling directed the tunnel from a more anterior and medial entry to a posterior-lateral exit. Superior to inferior drilling resulted in a more posteriorly angled tunnel. With inferior to superior tunnel drilling cortical breaks were observed at the inferior and medial margin of the tunnel.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA REVIEW OF PRIMARY REVERSE TOTAL SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY AT A SINGLE TERTIARY ACADEMIC HOSPITAL IN SOUTH AFRICA: A FOUR-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW
Authors: Swartbooi Sarah
Published: November 2023

Reverse Total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) was initially introduced to treat rotator cuff arthropathy. With proven successful long-term outcomes, it has gained a noteworthy surge in popularity with its indications consequently being extended to treating various traumatic glenohumeral diseases.

Several countries holding national registries remain a guide to the use the prosthesis, however a notable lack of epidemiological data still exists. More so in South Africa where the spectrum of joint disease related to communicable diseases such as HIV and tuberculosis may influence indications and patient demographics. By analysing the epidemiology of patients who underwent RTSA at our institution, we aimed to outline the local disease spectrum, the patients afflicted and indications for surgery.

A retrospective review of all patients operated within the sports unit between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2022 was conducted. An analysis of the epidemiological data pertaining to patient demographics, diagnosis, indications for surgery and complications were recorded.

Included in the review were 58 patients who underwent primary RTSA over the 4-year period. There were 41 females and 17 male patients, age <55 years (n= 14) >55 years (n=44). The indications included 23 rotator cuff arthropathy (40%), 12 primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis (OA) (20%), 10 avascular necrosis (AVN) humeral head (17%), 7 inflammatory OA (12%), 4 chronic shoulder dislocation (7%) and 2 sequalae of proximal humerus fractures (4%).

The study revealed RTSA being performed in patients older than 55 years of age, the main pathologies included rotator cuff arthropathy and primary OA, however AVN and shoulder dislocations secondary to trauma contributed significantly to the total tally of surgeries undertaken. This highlights the disease burden of developing countries contributing to patients presenting for RTSA
EXTENDED GRAM-NEGATIVE COVER ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS IN ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA SURGERY: IS IT TIME TO RECONSIDER CURRENT PRACTICE?
Authors: Tsang Jerry , Ferreira Nando , van Rensburg Adrian Jansen , Venter Rudolph , Epstein Gadi
Published: November 2023

Gram-negative organisms are increasingly seen as causative pathogens in orthopaedic fracture surgery, which might necessitate a change in antibiotic prophylaxis protocols.

A single-centre retrospective review of antibiogram results from all patients treated for fracture-related infection (FRI) was conducted. Subgroup analysis was undertaken to identify any host, injury or treatment variables predisposed to Gram-negative infection.

The bacteriological results of 267 patients who underwent surgical treatment for FRI were analysed. Pathogens were isolated in 216 cases (81%), of which 118 (55%) were Gram-negative infections. Fractures involving the tibia and femur (p=0.007), the presence of soft tissue defect (p=0.003) and bone defects (p=0.001) were associated with an increased risk of developing a Gram- negative FRI.

Gram-negative fracture-related infections were associated with injuries experiencing bone loss and those requiring soft tissue reconstruction. It is, therefore, prudent to consider extended Gram-negative directed antimicrobial prophylaxis in these cases to prevent the development of fracture-related infection