bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fifty Years of Public (Dis)Satisfaction with European Governance: Preferences, Europeanization and Support for the EU
Authors: Van der Veen Maurits
Published: October 2022

Since its beginnings in the 1950s, the policymaking scope and authority of the European Union have dramatically expanded across a wide range of issue areas. Yet much remains unknown about the interaction between public preferences for EU-level governance, changes in such governance and overall support for European integration. This article analyses surveys ranging from 1962 to 2010 to show that while support for integration in different policy areas has fluctuated over time, it has been surprisingly stable overall; moreover, the relative preference ordering across issue areas has been even more consistent. In addition, this consistency is not affected by changes in Europeanization, nor do such changes appear to be driven by the relative strength of preferences. Finally, issue-specific support for EU-level governance has an impact on overall EU support that becomes stronger as Europeanization in that issue area increases, an effect that increases further with greater political knowledge. These findings call into question understandings of rising Euroscepticism as a reaction to Europeanization taking place primarily in areas where publics oppose it. In addition, they indicate that public awareness of European integration is far greater than political knowledge tests appear to indicate.
Sixty-Five Years of European Governance
Authors: Maas Willem , Caviedes Alexander
Published: October 2022

The key achievement of European integration in the realm of policymaking is a radical transformation in governance which transcends simple notions of hierarchy and may take the form of direct intervention or the establishment of guidelines or norms, in which governance is shared by multiple institutional actors across multiple levels. The articles in this special issue demonstrate the creative and often fragile solutions found to address the challenges facing Europe by analysing changes in governance over time, at various points since the origins of the European integration project, in a range of institutions and policy areas. European governance has evolved from a simple state interventionist model to a complex system of ‘governance of governance’, employing both hierarchical and non-hierarchical governance modes combined in innovative ways.
Coordination of EU Policy Positions in Germany and Denmark: A Politics of Institutional Choice Approach
Authors: Jensen Mads Dagnis , Nedergaard Peter , Jopp Mathias
Published: October 2022

This article examines the coordination mechanisms, in Germany and Denmark, which develop negotiation positions for the Council in the European Union (EU). The analysis studies these mechanisms through the lens of the ‘politics of institutional choice’ approach, which previous scholars have applied to examine EU coordination in Eastern and Central Europe. The results demonstrate that the approach travels well to EU member states in Western Europe. More pre-cisely, they show that the power of the individual ministers, as well as the type of government (minority vs. majority), are important factors in explaining differences in the way the two member states handle EU coordination. This strengthens the argument that the traits of the EU coordination mechanisms in EU member states are a function of power relations between do-mestic actors.
Grade uncertainty and the adverse selection of Erasmus students: a Spanish experience
Authors: Varela Diego
Published: October 2022

Erasmus scholarships are generally allocated on the basis of academic merit, and yet there is a growing concern in some Spanish universities that beneficiaries are often worse students than average. I argue that this paradox may be due to an adverse self-selection of applicants caused by the increased information asymmetry between students and teachers in study-abroad programmes. Such self-selection will have a greater impact in countries where Erasmus is widely available, in which the effect of any merit-based supply-side selection will be smaller. Faced with uncertainty about the performance of individual mobile students, teachers may tend to base their grades on the average performance of mobile students. This will (1) reduce the relationship between academic ability and the final GPA, and (2) discourage good students from participating. I find empirical support for both hypotheses by applying a Heckman endogenous switching-regime model to data from the academic records of 400 graduates from a Spanish university, including 68 Erasmus students. I discuss possible solutions, such as awarding differentiated degrees to Erasmus students. Although the results of this case cannot be automatically translated to other universities or countries, the method could be exported to other cases where there are similar concerns.
Shifting the blame. Populist politicians’ use of Twitter as a tool of opposition
Authors: Van Kessel Stijn , Castelein Remco
Published: October 2022

The advent of new social media has facilitated new means of political communication, through which politicians can address the electorate in an unmediated way. This article concentrates on political actors challenging the establishment, for whom new media platforms such as Twitter provide new tools to engage in a ‘permanent campaign’ against dominant mainstream parties. Such opposition is ostensibly articulated most strongly by populist parties, which can be seen as the ultimate challengers to the (political) ‘elites’. By means of two often-identified cases of populism in the Netherlands (the radical right Freedom Party and left-wing Socialist Party), this study explores how populist party leaders use Twitter messages (tweets) to give form to their adversarial rhetoric in practice. Irrespective of the different ways in which the politicians utilised the medium, our study shows that Twitter can serve as a valuable source to study the oppositional discourse of populist parties, and (shifting) party strategies more generally.
Externalizing the EU’s Justice and Home Affairs to Southeast Asia: Prospects and Limitations
Authors: Heiduk Felix
Published: October 2022

The transnational security dimension ascribed to many phenomena such as terrorism, drug trafficking, pandemics, or people smuggling has led to increased pressures to increase cooperation across national borders to ‘fight’ or ‘manage’ many of the new, transnational security threats. Against this background the EU has sought to promote its own norms and ideas, policy preferences and its own model of regional cooperation and integration in her external affairs. A number of recent studies have examined the growing potency of the EU to actively promote ideas and policy preferences in its neighborhood as well as with the U.S., however, scant attention has been given to EU cooperation with other regional organizations.

By closely examining the EU’s cooperation with ASEAN in two policy fields deemed central within JHA – human trafficking and counter terrorism – this paper seeks not only to broaden the empirical basis of scholarship, but additionally seeks to connect the empirical findings with the wider debate on the EU’s ability to externalize its internal security governance. The study finds that despite numerous declarations and plan of actions, very little policy transfer has actually taken place between the EU and ASEAN. It is argued that any attempt to externalize or transfer policy is met by long-standing ideas and norms, policy paradigms and an established specific modus operandi of regional cooperation within ASEAN itself. This will continue to make nigh impossible any externalization of EU policies to Southeast Asia for the foreseeable future.
Strategic Silences in the Brexit Debate: Gender, Marginality and Governance
Authors: Guerrina Roberta , Murphy Hailey
Published: October 2022

This article explores some of the medium term implications of the EU Referendum on the position and future of women’s rights in the UK. Using process tracing, the article explores the complex relationship between EU and UK legislation in the area of maternity rights. Specifically, it argues that considering the UK government’s opposition to the original Pregnant Worker Directive (1992) and later to the abandoned Amendment Directive, we can expect these regulations to become watered down. The economic and political environment that shaped the EU Referendum campaigns will frame the UK’s negotiations to leave the EU in favour of de-regulation. The UK’s withdrawal from European institutions increases the vulnerability of marginal groups and interests as layers of representation are taken away. Moreover, the invisibility of gender issues and the largely strategic deployment of women in the actual campaigns is likely to compound the impact of the well-established position of the UK on equality matters, as highlighted by negotiations on the pregnant worker directives.
ASSIMILATION BY FOREIGN STUDENTS OF SEMANTICS AND FORMAL REPRESENTATION OF NOUNS IN DATIVE CASE
Authors: Muliar Iryna
Published: October 2022

The article deals with one of the topical issues of studying the grammatical system in lessons of the Ukrainian language as a foreign language, which is related to the assimilation of the formal representation and semantics of the dative case of nouns. Techniques for studying grammar are presented, in particular, mastering the forms of the dative case of nouns and understanding its meaning based on the generalized experience of teaching this grammatical topic to foreign students of the preparatory department. The methodological features of teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language at the initial stage, which combines elementary and basic levels of learning Ukrainian as a foreign language, are analyzed. Certain theoretical information on the grammatical system of the Ukrainian language is presented, conditioned by the practical direction of education. It is noted that the development of communicative skills is impossible without the formation of grammatical skills related to the choice and use of the necessary cases in speech. Conscious mastery of the grammatical structure of the language helps to build one’s own utterances, while inaccurate understanding of grammatical units and their place in the grammatical system restrains and slows down language practice, causes various errors in the speech of foreigners. It is emphasized that the study of grammar does not stand out as an independent area of work in the lessons of Ukrainian as a foreign language. The methodology of the Ukrainianas a foreign language involves the study of grammatical units through units, forms, models, through situational and thematic organization of the educational process, through speech practice. The student is faced with the task of expressing an opinion, and grammar becomes a solution tool and a means of communicative reflection. It is determined that the dative case allows to express a certain range of values, the main of which are the meaning of the subject and object of the action and the features of the subject. The assimilation of the semantics of the dative case by foreign students is facilitated by a variety of exercises aimed at forming grammatical skills and solving communicative tasks by means of language. Key words: cases of the Ukrainian language, dative case, Ukrainian as a foreign language, grammatical skills, language, speech, communicative competencies.
THE NEWEST TYPE OF UKRAINIAN-POLISH PHRASEBOOKS (Review of the phrasebook: Katarzyna Jakubowska-Krawczyk, Svitlana Romaniuk, Marta Zambrzycka. Szkolne rozmówki ukraińsko-polskie. Materiał pomocniczy dla nauczycieli nieznających jezyka ukraińskiego, którzy pracuja z uczniami z Ukrainy. Warszawa, 2022).
Authors: Antoniv Oleksandra
Published: October 2022

Phrasebooks is an interesting genre, which is characterized by a significant prevalence in various languages. Despite the fact that phrasebooks are quite popular in the modern world, there is still no consensus on the exact definition of the phrasebook genre. It is interpreted as a phrasebook, a dictionary, a study guide, a reference publication. Modern classifications of lexicographic sources do not always mention phrasebooks as a separate type of dictionary. The only thing that unites the examples of this genre is that phrasebooks appear as a reaction to an extralinguistic situation and serve to facilitate communication in a foreign language environment. After the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian war, we have observed the appearance of different materials on the Internet (lists of words on a separate topic) and phrasebooks for various categories of Ukrainians who were abroad. At the same time, we can state that such phrases are also created for those social groups who take care of Ukrainian refugees abroad in their everyday life or professionally, for example, for volunteers, doctors, people who have accepted refugees into their homes. The article describes the structure, content, construction of a new type of Ukrainian-Polish phrasebook - a phrasebook for teachers who teach Ukrainian children in Poland during the Russian-Ukrainian war. Attention is drawn to the micro- and macrostructure of the phrasebook. The presence of new topics of conversation with regard to the psychological adaptation of a child in a foreign-speaking team is noted. The principles of arranging language material at the phonetic, lexical and grammatical levels are analyzed. The strategy of formation of communicative competence is described. Remarks were expressed regarding a) the Ukrainian language norms; b) methodical principles of laying out the material. Key words: phrasebook, lexical competence, communicative competence, situational approach, situation, types of speech activity.
Early Birds in Elementary School? School Start Times and Outcomes for Younger Students
Authors: Bastian Kevin C. , Fuller Sarah C.
Published: October 2022

While research supports later start times for secondary schools, there is little evidence regarding start times for elementary schools. We address this gap with a statewide examination of elementary schools and a quasi-experimental analysis of an urban district that recently changed its elementary start times. We find that earlier start times predict less sleep for students. Regarding academic outcomes, our estimates are small in magnitude and suggest that earlier elementary start times have near-zero effects. Earlier start times predict a slight increase in absences and modestly higher math scores, especially for traditionally disadvantaged students. In districts that need to stagger start times, it may be advisable for elementary schools to start earlier to accommodate later secondary school start times.
RUANG LINGKUP MANAJEMEN SUMBER DANA BANK SYARIAH (Perhitungan Dana Bank)
Authors: maharani galuh puspita
Published: October 2022

Perhitungan Dana Bank
BMF Collaborative Project 4: Urban residents’ biodiversity belief, perception, and consumption of animal-based products
Authors: Mindsponge AISDL
Published: October 2022

The AISDL team discloses the pre-peer-reviewed results of a research project exploring how people’s belief and perceptions of biodiversity affect their attitudes and behaviors toward consumption.The research project was contributed by four authors.The project’s outcome has been sent to the academic journal for peer review.The preprint of the research outcome can be found at the following URL: https://osf.io/b8pgu
Effects of Therapy at a Community Based Trauma Therapy Service Treating Child Abuse and Neglect: A Pre-Post Study Using Administrative Data
Authors: Herbert James , Paton Amanda
Published: October 2022

This repeated-measures study examined the effects of a hybrid of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (TF-CBT) with other therapeutic approaches at a community-based clinic in Perth Western Australia among a sample of children and young people overwhelmingly experiencing symptoms of complex trauma. Drawing on an initial 1713 individual client records from between 2017-2020, the researchers identified 113 children and young people with viable pre-post treatment assessments including 78 on the TSCC, 36 on the TSCYC, and 12 on the CBCL. Significant improvements on most clinical scales were identified on the TSCC and TSCYC. Sub-analysis of the TSCC results found no differences in improvement on trauma symptoms across gender, age, care status, therapy funding source, presence of sexual abuse, and living situation at intake. Overall, the study highlights the benefits of adaptive therapy approaches for Complex Trauma populations accessing community-based services, and the challenges associated with implementing the use of psychometrics in a community treatment setting.
Visual Communication of Potential Anomalies with Boundary Lines in ISS Mission Control
Authors: Zhang Zixu , Parsons Paul C
Published: October 2022

Boundary lines for telemetry data have been used widely among International Space Station (ISS) flight controllers on their displays. These programmable lines are used as important references to aid in anomaly detection and response. Investigating how ISS flight controllers currently use boundary lines helps us understand how potentially anomalous data is handled under conditions of uncertainty and ambiguity. In future deep space exploration missions, anomalies are expected to occur despite our best efforts to avoid them. As crews get farther away from Earth, significant communication delays will be inevitable, and as real-time support becomes less practical, more responsibility will need to be placed on autonomous monitoring and anomaly response. It is unclear what role visualization might play in situation awareness for these future missions. Can visualization techniques be used to alert users to potentially worrisome data values when continuous monitoring is not possible?
St. Paul and Christian Women: Mission for Evangelization
Authors: Uchenna Dim Emmmanuel
Published: October 2022

Women, generally, have always been a big force to reckon with in any society, more so, Christian women. It is as a result of this indisputable fact that the proper education of women all over the world is always being clamoured for by all well meaning people. This writer was present at the Family Forum which was organized by the Catholic Women’s Organisation of Onitsha Archdiocese on Saturday, the 28th day of February, this year (2009). The main topic was “St. Paul and Christian society.” The enthusiasm and readiness which was visibly manifested by these women were better witnessed than described. I left the conference arena more convinced than ever, that this is a group which holds much prospect for the development of both the Church and our society.
Resume Ekonomi mikro syariah Teori Kepuasan Konsumen
Authors: Rusli Rezky Kurniati
Published: October 2022

Menurut Kotler preferensi konsumen menunjukkan kesukaan konsumen dari berbagai pilihan produk jasa yang ada. Preferensi merupakan kesukaan (kecenderungan hati) kepada sesuatu.
Patient Satisfaction with Telemedicine, a Review Article
Authors: Brahmbhatt Viraj
Published: October 2022

Introduction:The use of telemedicine has long been accepted as an alternative to traditional healthcare visits. In recent years, there has been an increase in wearable healthcare technology and remote monitoring software. With this increase, more healthcare services can be provided while patient remains at home. The question remains whether patients are satisfied with telemedicine-based healthcare. Methods:This systemic literature review aims to consult existing primary source literature on patient satisfaction with telemedicine. Utilizing the Google Scholar and PubMed databases, 35 articles were found through a key word search of “telehealth”, “patient satisfaction” as well as “patient satisfaction with telemedicine”. Exclusion criteria was established based on whether the article primarily discussed the patient perspective and discussed patient preference for telehealth in relation to traditional setting interventions. Of the initial 35 articles found using the key word search, 16 articles were analyzed to determine the patient satisfaction with the telemedicine intervention. Concluding statementsThe study suggests that patients are satisfied with telemedicine and many patients prefer the telemedicine to the traditional visit. Given this data, telemedicine may serve as an important medical tool in the years to come. The key benefits noted were shorter visit, quicker access to medical professional, and lack of travel costs. Future studies may investigate investments needed to establish telehealth in underserved areas. Additionally, the physician and provider perspective on the effectiveness of telehealth consultation may also be important prior to advocating for shifting greater services to telehealth settings.
The impact of contextual information on aesthetic engagement on artworks
Authors: Darda Kohinoor Monish , Chatterjee Anjan
Published: October 2022

Art is embedded in its historical, social, political, and cultural context, and rarely evaluated in isolation. The semantic context created by providing text-based information about an artwork influences how an artwork will be evaluated. In the current study, we investigated how contextual information influences the aesthetic appreciation of artworks. Experiment 1 explored whether contextual information such as artist or technique information influenced aesthetic judgments of abstract artworks by Jackson Pollock. The combination of artist and technique information increased liking and interest for the artworks. Experiment 2 investigated whether contextual information about the artist, technique, or content of representational artworks by Indian and Anglo-European artists influenced aesthetic responses of Northern American participants. We found that artist, content, and technique information compared to no information influenced the aesthetic experience of representational artworks. For both experiments, the effect of contextual information was stronger in participants with little art experience, and those more open to experience, and for artworks from another culture compared to one’s own. In sum, along-with theories of empirical and neuro- aesthetics, the current findings also have implications for aesthetics education and museum curation. It seems crucial to consider the type of artwork, the type of contextual information, its potential to enhance aesthetic experience, and the curatorial background of the museum or exhibition, as well as individual differences of viewers. Artworks that are unfamiliar to its viewers might require more contextual information to have an impact on the viewers, and may lower viewers’ prejudices against artworks/artists originating from an out-group.
People think that social media platforms do (but should not) amplify divisive content
Authors: Rathje Steve , Robertson Claire , Brady William J. , Van Bavel Jay Joseph
Published: October 2022

Recent studies have documented the type of content that is most likely to spread widely, or go “viral” on social media, yet little is known about people’s perceptions of what goes viral or what should go viral. This is critical to understand because there is widespread debate about how to improve or regulate social media algorithms. We recruited a sample of participants that is nationally representative of the US population (according to age, gender, and race/ethnicity) and surveyed them about their perceptions of social media virality (n = 511). In line with prior research, people believe that divisive content, moral outrage, negative content, high-arousal content, and misinformation are all likely to go viral online. However, they reported that this type of content should not go viral on social media. Instead, people reported that many forms of positive content – such as accurate content, nuanced content, and educational content – are not likely to go viral, even though they think this content should go viral. Importantly, these perceptions were shared among most participants, and were only weakly related to political orientation, social media usage, and demographic variables. In sum, there is broad consensus around the type of content people think social media platforms should and should not amplify, which can help inform solutions for improving social media.
Auditory category learning is robust across training regimes
Authors: Obasih Chisom Obiamalu , Luthra Sahil , Dick Frederic , Holt Lori L.
Published: October 2022

Multiple lines of research have developed training approaches that foster category learning, with important translational implications for education. Increasing exemplar variability, blocking or interleaving by category-relevant dimension, and providing explicit instructions about diagnostic dimensions each have been shown to facilitate category learning and/or generalization. However, laboratory research often must distill the character of natural input regularities that define real-world categories. As a result, much of what we know about category learning has come from studies with simplifying assumptions. We challenge the implicit expectation that these studies reflect the process of category learning of real-world input by creating an auditory category learning paradigm that intentionally violates some common simplifying assumptions of category learning tasks. Across five experiments and nearly 300 adult participants, we used training regimes previously shown to facilitate category learning, but here drew from a more complex and multidimensional category space with tens of thousands of unique exemplars. Learning was equivalently robust across training regimes that changed exemplar variability, altered the blocking of category exemplars, or provided explicit instructions of the category-diagnostic dimension. Each drove essentially equivalent accuracy measures of learning generalization following 40 minutes of training. These findings suggest that auditory category learning across complex input is not as susceptible to training regime manipulation as previously thought.
HEREZJA W PRAWOZNAWSTWIE. TRAJEKTORIA POLSKIEJ SOCJOLOGII PRAWA W XX WIEKU
Authors:   Pedagogical University of National Education Commission in Cracow, Dębska Hanna
Published: October 2022

The article presents the history of the field of Polish sociology of law from the perspective of Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory. It analyzes the social conditions that allowed the sociology of law to emerge as a separate discipline among legal sciences at a given historical moment, especially the process of its autonomization from the dominant theory and philosophy of law. Moreover, a comparative analysis is conducted of the scientific trajectories of the two main founders of the discipline – Maria Borucka-Arctowa and Adam Podgórecki. This research perspective makes it possible to supplement the approaches represented in the literature so far. It allows for explaining the different scientific practices that Borucka-Arctowa and Podgórecki undertook (and the related benefits) by capturing the dialectics between the space of possibilities that the scientific field “offered” them and the dispositions shaped in them, and, furthermore, by focusing on tracing their scientific production and the space of reception of their works, it aims to assess the profitability of their investments.
POLSKIE POLE WŁADZY W XX WIEKU JAKO GENERATOR ZNACZEŃ. SZKIC UJĘCIA SYNTETYCZNEGO
Authors:   Institute for Social Studies, Center for Social Change and Mobility Reserach, University of Warsaw, Zarycki Tomasz
Published: October 2022

The first aim of the chapter is to outline a broader perspective on the concept of field of power and the accompanying theoretical apparatus associated with Pierre Bourdieu’s sociology. This is followed by a general attempt to relate the concept to the Polish context. It includes considerations on the application of the concept to synthesize the structures of Polish elites in particular historical periods starting from the second half of the 19th century. In relation to this period, the possibility of introducing the concept of proto-field of power has been suggested, which refers to the organization of Polish elites within imperial political systems. Then the transformations of the field of power in subsequent periods until modern times are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the turning points in which the geometry of the field of power changed fundamentally. These included the revolutionary situations of 1919, 1945, 1956, 1968 and 1989. The chapter also indicates how the field of power can be seen as a generator of social meanings.
MIĘDZY AUTONOMIĄ A ZAANGAŻOWANIEM. SYNTETYCZNE UJĘCIE DYNAMIKI I STRUKTURY POLSKIEGO POLA SOCJOLOGII
Authors:   University of Warsaw, Warczok Tomasz
Published: October 2022

The chapter presents a synthetic history of the emergence of the Polish universe of sociology. The analysis – based on Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory – is divided into several key historical periods, with particular emphasis on the moment of the structuring of the field itself (in the interwar period), the post-war restructuring and reconfiguration of the 1960s and 1970s, up to the fundamental transformation taking place after 1989. In each of these periods, crucial fronts of symbolic struggle, processes of continuity and rupture were reconstructed. However, all these structuralizations were presented in the often overlooked context of the reproduction and reconfiguration of the field of power in Poland, which has been a kind of meta-space, organizing the most important social fields, from politics, through religion, to the academic and artistic worlds.
REGIONALNE REŻIMY SPRAWCZOŚCI NA IMPERIALNYM POGRANICZU. PAŃSTWO I REWOLUCJA W ROSYJSKIEJ POLSCE 1905–1921
Authors:   University of Warsaw, Marzec Wiktor
Published: October 2022

The article scrutinizes revolutionary processes and state-crafting in the ethnically diverse, “overdeveloped” imperial borderland which in 1918 became part of the Polish state. My goal is to deprovincialize and denationalize the narrative on the genesis of this state. I do so by viewing the 1905–1921 sequence as one of the possible variants of the “great imperial revolution”, a local recombination of global forces and regional power bids. A rapid democratization co-occurred with a consolidation of national community and ethnic conflict. As a result, institutionalized forms of conflict reflecting the balance of social forces were largely lacking. Only a peculiar sequence of events enabled the creation of a state, capable of consolidation and confrontation with alternative revolutionary scripts.
POLITYKA, SYSTEM AKADEMICKI I ANTYSEMITYZM. DWA KRYZYSY W POLSKIM POLU WŁADZY
Authors:   University of Warsaw, Warczok Tomasz
Published: October 2022

The chapter is devoted to two fundamental and seemingly disparate crises in Poland – the anti-Jewish riots at Polish universities in the 1930s and the anti-Semitic campaign in March 1968 (along with the acute conflict in the core of the Polish United Workers’ Party), occurring in the context of the student revolt of the time. Both crises, contrary to the dominant narratives and common-sense as well as scholarly explanations, were based not so much on negative beliefs, stereotypes, and self-reproducing ideologies, but on structural changes, namely, the inflation of university degrees. This inflation, however, affected the sectors of the field of power to varying degrees, with the result that anti-Semitic riots appeared only where there was a problem with reproducing social positions. This highlights the importance of structural analysis, which explains the emergence of conflicts, crises and hateful ideologies more precisely and accurately than even the most complex formal analyses (of discourses, prejudices, attitudes, etc.).
SE OF COLLIMATION REGIME OF CHARGED PARTICLE BEAM FOR EXPAND THE FUNCTIONAL CAPABILITIES OF CORPUSCULAR OPTICAL SYSTEMS
Authors:   Kazakhstan branch of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Saulebekov A.O.
Published: October 2022

The approach for the modeling of corpuscular-optical systems for the analysis of charged particle flows is considered. For all the methods considered and used earlier, the condition of spatial focusing of the particle beam was required. However, this strict condition is not always feasible in combination with other requirements. When a cylindrical electrostatic mirror analyzer is used as the main element, spatial focusing ofthe beam is incompatible with focusing in time of flight in terms of energy. In the paper the possibility of using the collimation regime of charged particle beam is considered, thereby eliminating the need to fulfill the focusing condition.
THE EFFECT OF LASER ENERGY DENSITY ON THE PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE DOTS
Authors:   Institute of Molecular Nanophotonics, Buketov Karaganda University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, Seliverstova E.V.
Published: October 2022

The structural and optical properties of dots based on graphene oxide (GO) obtained by laser ablation method with various energy densities of radiation were studied. It was shown that after laser ablation, the average lateral size of GO sheets was decreased from 1280–1900 nm to 230±95 nm and 110±42 nm for samples prepared at a laser radiation with energy density of E~15 and 21 mJ/cm2, respectively. Raman spectroscopy datashowed that after ablation, the ID/IGratio decreased from 1.04 to 0.97, indicating an increase in the number of sp2-hybridized domains in GO after ablation. A change in the energy density has practically no effect on a change in its functionalization, aswell as the ordering of sp2domains inside a GO sheet. The optical density of GO dispersions and the intensity of their fluorescence depend on the ablation conditions. For non-ablated dispersions along with the luminescence band at 450 nm, additional bandappears in the spectrum with a maximum at about 600 nm. After ablation the distribution of particles becomes more uniform, as evidenced by both the change in the shape of the GO luminescence band and the constancy of the fluorescence lifetime upon registration at different wavelength.
DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH OF THE TOPOLOGY OF COOLING BAFFLES FOR BLADES OF THE AXIAL CARBON DIOXIDE TURBINES
Authors:   National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute”, Komarov I.I.
Published: October 2022

Currently, there is an increase in average annual temperature and climate change across the various continents. Carbon dioxide emissions from energy facilities contributed to this condition. Implementation of oxy-fuel cycles is a promising solution for reducing carbon dioxide emissions from the energy sector. To date, the most efficient oxy-fuel cycle is the Allam cycle. In this cycle supercritical carbon dioxide acts as a working fluid of the cycle, wherein СО2’s temperature upstream of the turbine is 1,150 °С and the pressure is 30 MPa. Due to the high temperature of the working fluid, it is necessary to cool first stages of the carbon dioxide turbine. The feature of considered cooling system in this turbine is that carbon dioxide being used as a refrigerant too. This paper investigated two topologies of convective cooling systems in the carbon dioxide turbine’s nozzle blade as well as considers an option for increasing the intensity of heatexchange through the use of helical ribbing in the cylindrical cooling baffle. Numerical simulation involving the ANSYS software package was performed for two topologies of the cooling baffles arrangement in the nozzle blade body: configuration 1 -with 17 baffles of 1 mm diameter, configuration 2 -with three baffles of the blade profile shape. Configuration 1 proved to be more efficient: the Nusselt number has a value of 117, and average value of the heat transfer coefficient on the refrigerant side is 6,413 W/m2∙K. The effect of using helical ribbing in the cooling cylindrical baffle of the blade under study was investigated, which enabled to reduce the metal temperature by 54 °С on average and doubled the heat transfer coefficient.
RAY PHASE AND MICROSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OFHARDENING COATINGS OBTAINED BYSELF-PROPAGATING HIGH-TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS IN COMBINATION WITH HEATING OFA MIXTURE OF 𝑨𝒍+𝑩𝟐𝑶𝟑BASED ON HIGH-FREQUENCY CURRENT TREATMENT
Authors:   Altay State Agrarian University, Barnaul, Russia, Ishkov A.A.
Published: October 2022

The paper describes the results of studies of hardening boride coatings obtained during the implementation of the process of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. These coatings were composite materials based on aluminum oxide and boron. The obtained coatings were subjected to X-ray phase and microstructural analysis, which showed the maincomponents of the resulting compositions and made it possible to assess the thickness and structure of the coating-base metal transition area. The different content of silicon and iron makes it possible to assess the occurrence of surface chemical and metallurgical processes during self-propagating high-temperature synthesis when heating of the base mixture samples on high-frequency current treatment. The expediency of using high-frequency current treatment in combination with the process of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis for better-quality spattering of the hardening coating is shown. The appearance of two areas in the coating with different thickness and structure of the coating is established.
Stegosaur remains from the Middle Jurassic of West Siberia
Authors: Averianov A.O. , Krasnolutskii S.A.
Published: October 2022

The Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) Itat Formation at Berezovsk Quarry, Krasnoyarsk Territory (West Siberia, Russia) has produced abundant remains of stegosaurs. Numerous isolated teeth are found at various microvertebrate sites, and associated skeletal remains, mostly vertebrae, ribs, and ilio-sacral block fragments were excavated at the Stegosaur Quarry. These remains likely belong to one taxon which is characterized by numerous secondary ridges on one crown side in cheek dentition, six vertebrae in the synsacrum, four sacral and one dorsosacral ribs, lack of dorsal process on the transverse process in anterior caudals, moderately expanded tops of the neural spines in anterior caudals, and large triangular transversely thin dorsal dermal plates. The combination of these and other features is not characteristic for any other known stegosaur taxon and the Berezovsk stegosaur likely represents a new taxon. Among known stegosaurs it is most similar with Stegosaurus from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of North America and Asia by having numerous secondary ridges on teeth, a right angle between the supraacetabular flange and the anterior iliac process of ilium and in the structure of the dorsal dermal plates. It differs from Stegosaurus by plesiomorphically unexpanded tops of the neural spines and lack of dorsal process on the transverse processes in the anterior caudal vertebrae. The Berezovsk stegosaur is among the oldest stegosaurs in the fossil record.
To systematics of the genus Stegopterna Enderlein, 1930 (Diptera: Simulidae)
Authors: Yankovsky A.V. , Aibulatov S.V.
Published: October 2022

The collection of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences is revised. Redescriptions of 11 species of the genus Stegopterna Enderlein, known from the territory of the former USSR are given. A new species, S. tundrensis sp. nov. is described. Key to all 18 species of the genus is provided.
Práctica deliberativa de los Comités de Ética Hospitalaria, condiciones para un modelo basado en la pragmadialéctica
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Ruiz-Rincón Diana Lizbeth , Mayorga Madrigal Alberto Cuauthémoc
Published: October 2022

Este articulo busca exponer la relevancia de la práctica deliberativa de los Comités de Ética Hospitalaria (CEH) centrándonos en el diálogo deliberativo como una forma de analizar los hechos bioéticos, así como las condiciones de factibilidad para el diseño de un modelo de deliberación, esto a manera de aproximación. El principialismo como una teoría de la bioética se basa en principios morales que proponen criterios para lograr la coherencia y equilibrio reflexivo entre la definición de los fines y la ponderación de los medios; en el que tienen como objetivo el deliberar sobre el hecho bioético y sus valores en conflicto, exigen la búsqueda de modelos de deliberación que sean no sólo pertinentes, sino que mejoren la forma en la que se opta por el mejor curso de acción posible; modelo que en este caso se toma de la pragmadialéctica, esto es, el modelo de discusión crítica.
Les peptides RFamide et leurs récepteurs dans la modulation de la douleur
Authors: Muller C. , Boyer O. , Gaveriaux-Ruff C. , Simonin F.
Published: October 2022

Les peptides RFamide ont une extrémité carboxyterminale Arg-Phe-NH2 conservée et indispensable à leur activité. Ils sont impliqués dans la modulation de divers mécanismes biologiques, dont la douleur. Cette revue résume les connaissances sur la localisation de ces neuropeptides et de leurs récepteurs ainsi que leur rôle dans la modulation de la douleur. Les stratégies et outils thérapeutiques innovants en développement pour étudier le rôle respectif de ces récepteurs sont abordés.
La question de l’empathie à la douleur et de l’impact de l’environnement néonatal
Authors: Brik Y. , Melchior M.
Published: October 2022

L’empathie, notamment l’empathie à la douleur, constitue une importante question de recherche. Elle joue en effet un rôle fondamental dans les processus sociaux chez de nombreuses espèces animales et chez l’homme. Cette revue regroupe dans un premier temps les données cliniques et animales connues sur l’empathie à la douleur et les réseaux neuronaux qui la sous-tendent. Ensuite, elle s’intéresse aux données qui démontrent un impact de l’environnement précoce sur le développement des processus d’empathie à la douleur. Plusieurs publications suggèrent en effet que dans les cas de prématurité ou de trauma dans l’enfance, les capacités d’empathie à la douleur sont impactées.
Rupture-related quantitative hemodynamics of the supratentorial arteriovenous malformation nidus
Authors: Chen Yu , Chen Pingting , Li Ruinan , Han Heze , Li Zhipeng , Ma Li , Yan Debin , Zhang Haibin , Lin Fa , Li Runting , Meng Xiangyu , Jin Hengwei , Li Youxiang , Ye Xun , Kang Shuai , Wang Hao , Chen Xiaolin , Zhao Yuanli
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVE

The hemodynamics of a brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) nidus may be closely related to clinical presentation. The authors of this study aimed to explore the hemorrhagic quantitative hemodynamic indicators of the nidus through quantitative digital subtraction angiography (QDSA).

METHODS

The quantitative hemodynamic parameters were generated from QDSA. Three data sets were used to explore independent quantitative hemodynamic indicators associated with AVM rupture. The training data set was exploited to discover independent quantitative hemodynamic indicators of AVM rupture by performing univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The authors plotted receiver operating characteristic curves to validate the diagnostic performance of the hemorrhagic hemodynamic indicators using the training and two external validation data sets. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was adopted to verify the predictive power of these risk indicators of future hemorrhage in the external prospective validation data set.

RESULTS

A total of 151 patients were included in this study, 91 in the training set and 30 in each of the two validation sets. A higher stasis index and slower transnidal relative velocity (TRV) of the nidus were significantly correlated with AVM rupture. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of the stasis index (nidus) were 0.765 and 0.815 and those of the TRV (nidus) were 0.735 and 0.796, respectively, in the training and retrospective external validation sets. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis confirmed the validity of the stasis index and TRV in predicting future rupture risk in the prospective validation data set (p = 0.008 and 0.041, respectively, log-rank test).

CONCLUSIONS

A higher stasis index (nidus) and slower TRV (nidus) in QDSA were associated with AVM rupture and were effective indicators of future hemorrhage, suggesting that the core mechanisms underlying AVM rupture could be intravascular blood stasis and occlusive hyperemia of the nidus.
Stereotactic radiosurgery for orbital cavernous hemangiomas
Authors: Chen You-Cong , Tsai Chieh-Chih , Chen Shih-Jen , Wu Hsiu-Mei , Yang Huai-Che , Chen Ching-Jen , Hu Yong-Sin , Lin Chung-Jung , Guo Wan-Yuo , Pan David Hung-Chi , Chung Wen-Yuh , Lee Cheng-Chia
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of single-session Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for orbital cavernous hemangiomas (OCHs).

METHODS

Patients who presented with an OCH between September 1999 and May 2022 and were treated with single-session GKRS were included in this single-center cohort study.

RESULTS

There were 23 patients (7 males and 16 females) in this study. The median margin dose was 12 Gy (range 11–13 Gy). The median clinical and radiological follow-ups were 45 months (range 5–190 months) and 45 months (range 6–190 months), respectively. Nine (69.2%) of 13 patients with visual acuity impairment had improvement in best corrected visual acuity. Of the 8 patients with visual field defects, 5 patients (62.5%) had complete resolution. Tumor regression was observed in 22 patients (95.7%). The mean relative reduction in tumor volume was 82.6% ± 23.7%. The relative reductions in tumor volume were 33%, 49%, 72%, 84%, and 89% at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months, respectively. Adverse effects of radiation were not observed.

CONCLUSIONS

GKRS appears to be safe and efficacious for treating OCHs over long-term follow-up. The treatment is associated with a high rate of regression in OCHs and remarkable improvement in both visual acuity and visual field deficits.
Method for predicting the stress state of the lining of underground structures of quasi-rectangular and arched forms
Authors: Karasev Maksim , Nguyen Tien
Published: October 2022

A method for predicting the stress-strain state of the lining of underground structures, the shape of the cross-section of which is different from the circular outline, is considered. The main task of the study is to develop a methodology for assessing the influence of the parameters of the cross-section shape of underground structures on the stress state of the lining. To solve this problem, a method for calculating the stress state of the lining for arched tunnels with a reverse arch and quasi-rectangular forms is substantiated and developed. The methodology was tested, which showed that the accuracy of the prediction of the stress state of the lining is sufficient to perform practical calculations. An algorithm for multivariate analysis of the influence of the cross-sectional shape of underground structures of arched and quasi-rectangular shapes on the stress state of the lining is proposed. Parametric calculations were performed using the developed algorithm and regularities of the formation of the stress state of the lining of underground structures for various engineering and geological conditions, as well as the initial stress state field, were obtained. A quantitative assessment of the influence of geometric parameters of tunnels on their stress-strain state was performed.