bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The state of polymorphism of genes affecting the meat quality in micropopulations of meat simmentals
Authors: Tyulebaev S D , Kadysheva M D , Kosilov V I , Gabidulin V M
Published: January 2021

A comparative study of the biological characteristics of the heifers Bredy meat type of two populations located in Russia and Kazakhstan was carried out to determine the state of genes associated with the meat quality in the genotypeCAPN1, GDF5, TG5, BGL. In genotyping, we used the real-time PCR method using oligonucleotide primers (Gen Bank), for each primer individually in the corresponding sequences. Studies for improve breeding by innovative methods revealed the frequencies of genotypes and alleles for marker genes CAPN1, TG5, BGL and GDF5, which are related to meat quality indicators, a certain displacement in the genotypes of the compared populations of the Bredy meat type of Kazakhstan and Russia according to the CAPN1 gene (χ2 = 8.52) and the TG5 gene (χ2 = 4.73). The genotyping result of animals from LLC “Breeding plant Bredy” were analyzed from the point of view of attributing carriers of different genotypes to the offspring of bulls-producers Fakir, Kust and Chizhik, in order to determine the producer giving offspring with predictably high nutritional and biotechnological properties of beef. A comparison of the carriers of the identified genotypes of the studied genes by the characteristics used in the evaluation of young animals by their own productivity did not give significant results, however, showed trends by which scientific research can be directed. An assessment of the bulls-producers of the successors of the different line of meat simmentals on the quality of heifers – daughters showed that the largest comprehensive index was set for the bull-producer Bush 39046 – 102.7, which was recognized as an improver. The assignment of all, without exception, heifers of different groups, evaluated bulls-producers, to the highest class elite-record, indicates the value of all the studied genotypes.
Increasing efficiency in the poultry meat production when using iron and copper nanoparticles in nutrition
Authors: Yausheva E V
Published: January 2021

The paperis aimed at studying the increasing efficiency in the poultry meat production when using iron and copper nanoparticles in nutrition. A maximum increase in the gain in live weight of chickens by 9-12 % in comparison with the control group in the first week after the injection of nanoparticles is observed. An increase in values of a number of blood parameters (hemoglobin, total protein, white blood cells) is noted. Copper nanoparticles increase the body’s immune response on the first dayof experiment by several orders in comparison with both control and iron nanoparticles. The analysis of mineral exchange data showed a decrease in a number of toxic (As, Pb, Al, Cd) elements and an increase in the level of a number of essential (Mg, Co, Fe, Cu, Na, F) elements in broiler tissues after exposure to copper nanoforms and iron nanoforms. The analysis shows more effective influence on the metabolic processes of chickens and require further detailed study of the processes of their transformation in the broiler body. The obtained result shows the possibility of using these forms in the industrial production of animal feed.
Impact of Valopro and Ruprocol fodder additives on meat productivity of Kalmyk bull calves
Authors: Pristupa V N , Torosyan D S , Babkin O A
Published: January 2021

The study concerns the influence of Valopro and Ruprocol fodder additives on the change of the growth energy and formation of meat productivity of Kalmyk bull calves during their nursery from 9 to 18 months of age. The addition of Valopro at a rate of 20 grams and Ruprocol at a rate of 50 grams per head per day to the basic diet during 273 days contributed to a daily gain of 1580–1560 g, which is 200–250 g higher than the control animals. The bull calves of the experimental group used 2.0 % more daily time for eating fodders and 1.6 % less for their chewing, besides, they had less rest standing and moved in a pen, and during the whole experimental period gave 426 kg of absolute gain, or 76 kg more than the herdmates of the control group. The experienced bull calves showed higher resistance to upper respiratory tract diseases, eye diseases, laminitis and hepatosis. During the control slaughter, the body weight and heavy carcasses of bull calves of both groups met the requirements of the current GOST category Super. The hot carcass weight of the bull calves of the experimental group averaged a little more than 362 kg, i.e. 62 kg more than the control group (P≤0.01). Each bull calf gave 11488 rubles profit, which is almost 4.5 thousand rubles more than the herdmates of the control group. Therefore, the latter have almost 5 % lower profitability.
Productivity of oil crops in the conditions of forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Ingushetia
Authors: Gambotova M Yu , Bazgiev M A , Tsitskiev Z M , Kostoeva L Yu , Biteeva F A
Published: January 2021

The paper presents the study conducted in the forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Ingushetia on the productivity of new oilseeds in order to recommend their production as an alternative to traditionally grown crops. The morphobiological characteristics, features of growth and development of spring canola, sunflower, mustard, soybeans and camelina, and their yields are distinguished and described.
Lamet formulas applicability in the conditions of specialized repair enterprises of the agriculture-industrial complex
Authors: Berdennikov E A , Tarasov E N
Published: January 2021

The basis of automotive equipment used in agricultural enterprises are tractors, cars and self-propelled combines. They are equipped with internal combustion engines, the design feature of which is the presence of replaceable, so-called “wet” cylinder liners. Nevertheless, engines with an integral cylinder block design have also found applications at the enterprises of the agriculture-industrial complex. It is important to develop a mathematical model that allows calculating the force of pressing the sleeve into the block, while designing the technological process of cylinder block linings for such engines. Regarding this, the Department of energy resources and technical services in Vologda State Dairy Academy Named after N. V. Vereshchagin conducted an experiment, which is based on force measurement for press fitting the sleeve into the engine block and comparison of the measurement results with the results of theoretical calculations according to Lamet formulas. Relying on the results of the experiment, the method (Lamet formula) is deemed to be applicable to determine the force of pressing the sleeve into the engine cylinder block with optimal tension, which is valid for thick-walled cylinders.
The impact of herbicides on the weed infestation and yield of false flax (Camelina Sativa) in the southern wooded steppe of Omskaya oblast
Authors: Frizen Yu V , Nekrasova E V , Nozhenko T V , Kozhevina M N
Published: January 2021

The false flax is a highly effective crop used to oust weeds. However, its crops sometimes must be treated with herbicides. There are no herbicides recommended to treat this plant in the range of chemical solutions available. This fact calls for the study aimed at finding herbicides that can be used to treat the false flax. Experiments carried out on the field of the scientific-experimental farm of Omsk State Agrarian University were aimed at determining the impact of five herbicides on the weed infestation and the yield of the false flax. Samples receiving no treatment and those undergoing manual weeding were used for control purposes. No treatment and Lontrel-treated samples were heavily infested (with the weed weight proportion of 43.0% and 20.3% respectively). The slight infestation was observed in samples with manual weeding (2.2%) and Lornet-treated (9.2%) samples. The medium infestation was observed in samples treated with Reper, Khiler, and Miura (10.7%, 10.2%, and 18.8% respectively). The highest yield was observed in the manual weeding sample (1.83 t/ha), the yield of the Khiler sample was a little bit lower (1.52 t/ha), and the lowest yield was found in the Miura sample (0.55 t/ha).
A model of the influence of the degree of filling of the drum mixer on the quality of the feed mixture
Authors: Fudin K , Konovalov V , Zaitsev V , Teryushkov V
Published: January 2021

The aim of the research was to establish a functional dependence of the quality of the feed mixture on the degree of filling the volume of the modernized drum mixer and the proportion of the controlled component with the identification of the working area of the investigated working body. The methodology for studying the quality of the mixture of a drum mixer provided for the experimental establishment of the function of changing the coefficient of variation of the concentrated feed mixture with a three-level combination of the degree of filling of the tank and the proportion of the controlled component. The conducted studies based on the developed methodology allowed to identify an adequate functional dependence of the influence of the proportion of the controlled component and the degree of filling of the mixer drum. The results obtained indicate that an increase in the proportion of the controlled component improves the quality of the mixture with the nature of the hyperbolic dependence. Technological requirements for the quality of the mixture are observed when the proportion of the controlled component is at least 17%. This imposes a partial restriction on the use of the mixer for the preparation of dry concentrated mixtures based on protein-vitamin supplements and crushed feed grain. The effect of the degree of filling on the quality of the mixture is more complex and corresponds to a parabolic dependence. With the degree of filling 0.28-0.32 of the volume of the drum, the best indicators of the quality of the mixture are observed. The optimum mixing is observed with a batch mass of 45-51 kg at a density of 620 kg/m3.
Evaluation of the adaptability of dry bean varieties grown under conditions of organic farming
Authors: Kazydub N G , Kuz’mina S P , Plenteva M M , Smirnov I V
Published: January 2021

The acceleration of the process of import substitution is becoming a crucial issue in contemporary Russia and priority areas of such process are identified in plant breeding and seed production. A hot topic in the breeding of beans consists in creation of highly productive varieties with stable productivity. Field experiments were conducted at the Omsk State Agrarian University in 2014-2018 in order to evaluate the adaptation properties of prominent varieties of dry beans in terms of yielding capacity. All sorts were grown using the methods of organic farming, without application of pesticides and fertilizers, which allowed for an accurate evaluation of their biological productivity. The parameters of stability and plasticity of the genotypes under study were calculated following the methods of regression analysis (Eberhart, Russell, 1966). The associated trait of the studied feature in dry beans is mainly influenced by “environmental factors” (75%), to a lesser degree by the correlation “genotype x environment” (17%) and by “genotype” (7%). Based on the evaluation of the adaptation capacity and stability of the genotypes of common beans, samples with a high responsiveness to the improvement of cultivation conditions (Omichka, Luker’ya, Sizaya, Shokoladnitsa, Olivkovaya and Omskaya yubileinaya) and with a high genotype stability (Biichanka, Sibakovskaya-100, Rubin, Nerussa, Petukh) have been identified.
Research results of Jerusalem artichoke varieties and hybrids in the forest-steppe of the Omsk region
Authors: Khristich V V , Frizen Yu V , Gaivays A A
Published: January 2021

The article presents the five-year results of the studying the adaptation of varieties, and hybrids of Jerusalem artichoke in the forest-steppe of the Omsk region. The analysis of biometric indicators and crop yield structure is presented. The dynamics of the accumulation of herbage, as well as the periods of the passage of phenological phases are shown. The chemical composition of plants is determined. The studies show that many hybrids and varieties in Western Siberia do not go through the flowering phase, but at the same time form a full-fledged tuber crop. At the same time, the high yield of the aerial mass of Jerusalem artichoke does not always ensure a high yield of tubers. On average, for five years of research, the French D-5 hybrid, Canadian sample and variety samples’ No. 1 and No. 9 we distinguished in terms of herbage productivity. This indicator was 49.4-58.9 t / ha. In terms of tuber productivity, the best varieties were No. 9 and No. 12, as well as the Sireniki-1 variety (29.1-30.2 t / ha). The distinguished varieties and hybrids of Jerusalem artichoke are recommended for the introduction into production in order to improve the forage base of agricultural enterprises. The research on the selection of varieties and hybrids in order to obtain high-tech tubers (large and aligned) for processing in the food industry will be continued.
Peculiarities of table carrots seed production in the natural and climatic conditions of Western Siberia
Authors: Kling A P , Gaivas A A , Kumpan V N , Geiger O S
Published: January 2021

Table carrots is one of the most popular and widespread vegetable crops. Systems for the production of varietal root seeds using advanced technology are being developed for cultivation of high-yielding seeds in different natural and climatic zones. In general, the following indicators for certain technological aspects can be recommended under the studied system of production of high-yielding garden carrots seeds for the West Siberian region: table carrots of the Shantane variety are the most suitable for complex mechanization in the conditions of the Siberian region and have excellent taste qualities; the preparations Tsirkon and Epin extra effectively stimulate seeds germination. Laboratory germination ranges from 65 (in the control variety) to 86.6% (in the variety treated with Tsirkon); treatment of root crops with 40% arasan preparation allows for a significant increase in the seed yield from 1.6 in the control variety to 2.6 t/ha in the treated variety; thickening of plantings to the optimal level in the 70x20 area of nutrition of mother root crops allows getting high seed yields. The research also notes that seeds grown in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia are characterized by good germination. Carrots seed production in Siberia is possible and the resulting seeds have high seeding qualities.
Modern approaches to production of high-quality spring rape
Authors: Lupova E I , Vinogradov D V , Evsenina M V , Nikitov S V
Published: January 2021

Spring rape is the main oilseed crop in the non-chernozem zone of Russia, which includes Ryazan region. The area with the crop has increased to 60 thousand ha in the last five years. Rape, being an important oilseed crop, belongs to feed crops of the region. Sale of oilseeds brings agricultural enterprises high profit from the crop production industry. Clearfield technology of rape growing was studied on gray forest loamy soil in Ryazan region in comparison with conventional oilseed production technology. Clearfield technology is the combined action of Nopasaran herbicide and the use of special hybrids which are resistant to this herbicide. High crop efficiency does not depend largely on weather conditions, mainly due to activity of the two active substances, which determine the novelty and relevance of the studies. According to the research results, the highest average spring rape yield in the experiment was obtained at the first sowing period in the 1st decade of May. It was 20.8 dt/ha for hybrid Salsa KL. The maximum crop yields were observed on options using Clearfield, regardless of the sowing period. On average, the growth, development, yield and its structure of domestic Ratnik variety were not inferior to Ozorno hybrid. Sowing in the first decade of May can be recommended as the most productive one for spring rape in the southern part of the Non-Chernozem Zone of Russia.
The use of mineral fertilizers in sunflower crops in the conditions of Ryazan region
Authors: Vinogradov D V , Makarova M P , Kryuchkov M M
Published: January 2021

The most important direction of increasing the production of sunflower oilseeds is improvement of technology elements that provide a fuller use of the productivity potential in soil and climatic conditions of a particular region. In this regard, the aim of the research was to identify the varieties and hybrids of sunflower most adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of Ryazan region, accounting for different levels of mineral nutrition. In order to identify biological features and economically valuable traits, a field experiment was conducted in 2017–2019. Agrotechnical measures for the cultivation of sunflower were carried out in accordance with zonal recommendations. As a result of the studies, it was found that variety Poseidon 625 was the most adapted to the climatic conditions of Ryazan region. Sunflower plants of Poseidon 625 variety were noted to have the smallest height (158–172 cm), the largest leaf surface area (11.61–16.53 thousand m2/ha), the largest number of seeds formed in one basket (1,194–1,247 pcs), the largest mass of 1,000 seeds (49.9–59.8 g) and the highest yield (2.37–2.99 t/ha). On average, in 2017–2019, the introduction of full mineral nutrition in doses of N125P60K60 and N125P120K120 contributed to an increase in the yield of sunflower oil seeds by 0.06–0.45 and 0.07–0.62 t/ha, depending on the cultivated variety and hybrid.
Automation of dairy cattle breeding
Authors: Marinchenko T E
Published: January 2021

Digital transformation of agriculture is a part of the federal strategy, the purpose of which is to modernize and increase the efficiency of the industry, to introduce digital technologies and platform solutions to ensure a technological breakthrough in the agricultural sector. Dairy cattle breeding is the largest livestock sub-sector of the Russian Federation. Demand for automated milking, feed preparation and herd management systems is growing in this country. The purpose of the study is to determine the prospects for the upgrading of dairy cattle breeding within the framework of existing strategic documents and the availability of domestic developments. It has been established that currently there are some domestic developments, including those in the field of dairy cattle robotics that are more affordable, which could replace expensive foreign counterparts. Therefore, the dissemination of information about domestic developments in this area is a very urgent task to improve production efficiency in the industry.
Theoretical study of motor oil chromatogram in express diagnostics using the drop test
Authors: Myalo O V , Myalo V V , Demchuk E V
Published: January 2021

The quality and compliance with the requirements of motor oils used in operation is one of the key factors determining durability and reliability of the internal combustion engine (ICE). The operating conditions of motor oils in ICE have changed significantly with an improvement in the design of the engine, the increase in power, the increase in pressure in cylinders and the change in the torque of the crankshaft. The requirements to motor oils during operation are constantly increasing, the specified terms of oil drain interval are increased. The composition of motor oils has also changed, and the technologists are adjusting their finished oil compositions to increasing requirements. Thus, it is necessary to constantly monitor the state of oil during ICE operation, the use of traditional express methods of oil quality verification is not always possible for new brands. The study considers the theoretical justification for the application of the drop test for the brands of strongly alkaline oils – Vanellus C6 Global “BP” (U) 15W-40 and Neste Tyrbo LXE.
Using a heat pump at the polygeneration complex in agricultural industry
Authors: Osintsev K V , Kuskarbekova S I , Klepikov N A
Published: January 2021

Environmentally friendly technologies in agriculture and agricultural industry are associated with the processing of products in polygeneration complexes. These complexes include the main line of product processing, the energy complex for the production of steam and hot water, as well as the refrigeration complex. A principle diagram has been developed for solar collectors and the improved lithium bromide refrigeration machines connected to power units of thermal power plant operating on natural gas. According to preliminary estimates, the proposed scheme increases the thermal power plant efficiency by 2-3%. This complex can be used to produce compressed carbon dioxide, which has applications in various industries. The most common is its use in the agricultural industry and the oil industry.
Mathematical model of a milking machine manipulator based on stepper motors
Authors: Shilin D V , Shestov D A , Kirsanov V V , Pavkin D Yu , Ruzin S S
Published: January 2021

The automation of agriculture increases labour productivity and contributes to an increase in the output of agricultural products, an increase in their quality. These processes are closely related to the application of industrial production technology in agriculture, the improvement of planning and management. Also, the improvement of product quality and the growth of labour productivity are associated with the development of automated control systems that contribute to the autonomous operation of entire agricultural complexes. This paper deals with the development of a mathematical model of a milking installation based on stepper motors. The authors of the work recreated the operation of the milking installation, taking into account the operation of the kinematic scheme of the robot and the dynamics of the stepping motors, positioning of its working body near the tops of the teats of the udder of the animal, which are automatically recognized using image analysis from the 3D TOF camera. The uniqueness of this model lies in the fact that various stages of the operation of an autonomous milking installation are concentrated in one software product. This technology makes it possible to study the effect of each stage separately on the static positioning error of the manipulator working body. The model has been tested, an acceptable accuracy of the results of the model operation is achieved. This model can be recommended for use for engineering calculations and the development of control algorithms for the movement of the working body of the manipulator.
Development of a sun tracking algorithm for solar panels for agricultural enterprises
Authors: Shimokhin A V , Zabudsky A I , Chervenchuk V D , Zimin A K
Published: January 2021

In agriculture, use of solar energy is of crucial importance for water heating and functioning of greenhouses. It becomes even more important in agricultural enterprises which are located far from electric energy transmission lines. Furthermore, in Russia the importance of solar energy for agricultural enterprises can be motivated by deterioration of electric energy transmission lines. The article is devoted to the development of a sun tracking algorithm for solar panels without using GPS or sensors. The tracking algorithm has been created on the basis of well-known astronomic methods for calculation of the Sun’s position in azimuth coordinates. The control diagram using the Arduino platform is presented. The authors’ program works for the calculation of the Sun’s position complete with evaluation of error. It also works well with servo drive units. The hardware and software bundle have shown acceptable error values which did not exceed 2 % while aligning the panels with the sun.
Milk yield and milk productivity of meat cow breeds of the Northern Trans-Urals
Authors: Bakharev A A , Sheveleva O M , Chasovshchikova M A , Aleksandrova S S , Sukhanova S F , Koshchaev A G
Published: January 2021

The article describes characteristics of milk productivity of meat cow breeds in the south of Tyumen region. The breeds under study (Hereford, Charolais, Limousine, Salers and Obrak) are compared. The level of milk productivity in Hereford, Obrak and Salers cows is higher than that of limousine and Charolais. The average daily productivity of Hereford cows was 4.97 kg, Obrak cows – 4.89 kg, Salers cows – 4.77 kg, limousines cows – 4.51 kg and Charolais cows – 4.44 kg. Hereford cows had the most nutritious milk – 3103.8 J, milk produced by Obrak and Salers cows had a nutritional value which was lower by 1.0 %, by limousine cows – by 2.8 %, by Charolais cows – by 4.3 %. Milk productivity tends to increase with age and different generations. Thus, Charolais cows had the highest milk yield, and the Limousine cows had the lowest milk yield. Unique and time-consuming data that can be used by all agricultural enterprises are presented.
Agrochemical assessment of cultivation efficacy for different potato varieties on meadow-chernozem soils of the Irtysh river area in Western Siberia
Authors: Temereva I V , Smirnova T B , Chemisenko O V
Published: January 2021

This article presents an assessment of domestic and imported potato varieties’ productivity and chemical dynamics during their vegetation under natural conditions on meadow-chernozem soils of Irtysh river area in Western Siberia. This research aims to determine optimal nitrogen and phosphorus content in potato leaves during the plant’s flowering. It is notable that nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in potato plants on different stages of development are mostly characterizing potato species rather than potato varieties, while crop yield rates reflect mostly varietal differences. In this research, different potato varieties have been assessed by their resistance to unbalanced conditions and nitrogen deficiency.
Optimization of agricultural practices in winter crops Coriandrum sativum L.
Authors: Turin E N , Shestopalov M V , Radchenko A F , Ganockaya T L , Rostova E N , Karaeva N V , Svyatuk Yu V , Susskiy A N
Published: January 2021

The total volume of world production of essential oil products reaches 250 thousand tons per year, which use up to 300 species of cultivated plants and wild-growing volatile-oil-bearing plants. The soil and climatic conditions in the south of Russia are favorable for the successful development of the essential oil industry, which is important for our country. Sowing coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is the most common essential oil culture of the Russian Federation and countries of the Union of Independent States. Its crops occupy about 82.4% of all areas of volatile-oil-bearing plants. Coriander fruits contain from 1.5 to 1.8% essential oil. The main component of the essential oil, linalool, and serves as the initial product for the production of a number of fragrant substances with the smells of lemon, orange, rose, violet, etc., which are successfully used in the perfumery, food, and distillery industries. Coriander is also a honey plant. Due to the growth in demand and gross purchases of coriander seeds associated with its high purchase price, problems arose with increasing its productivity and improving the technology of cultivation. Due to the large volumes of sales of both coriander raw materials and finished products, the levels of profitability and net income of farms both in the Republic of Crimea and in the Russian Federation as a whole, as well as the development of the agro-industrial complex will significantly increase. The above analysis of domestic and foreign literature in this review article shows that winter coriander crops are most productive compared to spring crops. Introduction to the production of winter crops of coriander, with the implementation of all elements of the cultivation technology, is a promising direction of its cultivation in the Crimea, as it allows more efficient use of soil moisture, which accumulates during the autumn-winter period.
Evaluating the distribution of sugar beet seeds at sowing
Authors: Vasilenko V V , Vasilenko S V , Achkasova N N
Published: January 2021

A mathematical model is proposed for the formation of a uniform row of seeds in the sowing furrow in order to place them at the same intervals. A key role in this process is played by the random deviation of each seed from the intended place of laying. A mathematical model using probability theory was developed based on the results of laboratory experiments with sugar beet seeds sown onto sticky tape. The consistency of spacing between seeds is influenced by seed rate, i.e. seed number per one meter length of row, the speed of the seeders and the speed of rotation of a seed disc in the machine of exact seeding. Studies have shown that a sufficiently high accuracy of seed placement is achieved if the seeding disc rotates at a speed of 0.24-0.27 m/s, the speed of the drill is not more than 6 km/h, and the seeding dose is not higher than 8 pcs/m. In the field, the coefficient of variation of intervals is higher than on sticky tape, but does not exceed 0.33. There is no seed inversion, and the yield level is more than 98% of the maximum possible. Further improvement in seeding quality can only be achieved by further reducing the speed of precision seeding drills or by design upgrades to align the speed of the seeding machine and the rotation speed of the seeding disc.
Modernization of engineering support of crop cultivation
Authors: Maslov G G , Yudina E M , Ushakov D A , Samurganov G E
Published: January 2021

This paper gives substantiations to a system of effective engineering support of crop cultivation for improving competitiveness of produced goods. Considering the modernization of plant cultivation techniques and technical facilities to carry out agricultural practices, the optimal system of machines for mechanizing crop cultivation was proposed. In substantiating the system of machines, the method of analysis and synthesis of existing and proposed agricultural practices with their engineering support, the methods of modeling and optimization of production processes were proposed to determine the parameters and operating modes of the proposed machines in the system, the planning of a multifactorial experiment according to the BК-plan was used. As a result of the research, the original engineering support system of crop cultivation for lowland agricultural landscapes is proposed, which, according to calculations conducted, allows increasing labor productivity by at least a factor of two. It became possible due to modernization of tillage processes, sowing and harvesting, by combining separate previously technological operations in multifunctional units. The modernization of machine-tractor units was accomplished using original devices for serial machines according to the inventions of the authors. The proposed multifunctional units without a break in time, in a single stream and pace carry out production processes that coincide in calendar terms in the technology of a cultivated agricultural crop, contributing to the quality of work and higher yields.
Impact of the Tirsana BSC energy supplement on the productivity of Ayrshire cows
Authors: Zabegalova G N , Kasatkina I A , Serkova A N , Sysoyeva E V
Published: January 2021

Nowadays, a new science-based approach to animal feeding is required to create conditions for the full realization of their potential with intensive use of livestock. This research was an experimental test that aimed to evaluate effective feed intake of energy supplements TirsanaBSC by high-yield Ayrshire cows in the transit period. As a result of the supplement application the daily milk yield increased during 100 days of milking cows. The amount of milk fat and protein increased as well. There was an increase in carotene, glucose, pyruvic acid in the blood of experimental cows and reducing non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Adding the supplement Tirsana BSC to the diet of highly productive Ayrshire cows improved the quality of their colostrum.
Influence of steer genotypes on the features of muscle development in the postnatal period of ontogenesis
Authors: Zhaimysheva C S , Kosilov V I , Voroshilova L N , Gerasimova T G
Published: January 2021

The study of the carcass muscles development was carried out on Simmental and Kazakh White-Headed steers and their first generation hybrids. At the age of 18 months, the control slaughter of 3 steers of different genotypes was carried out: I - Simmental, II - Kazakh White-Headed, III - 1/2 Kazakh White-Headed x 1/2 Simmental. To study the development of muscle groups and individual muscles by anatomical regions, the left half-carcasses were prepared, taking into account the methodical instructions. To facilitate the analysis of the material, the muscles were grouped according to the relevant joints and the topographic location by the generally accepted pattern. The muscles development was studied using the data on the absolute mass of individual muscles and muscle groups. It was established that the steers of group III surpassed those of groups I and II in the total muscle mass of the spinal column, which was 1.28-0.45 kg (10.85-3.56%), the total muscle mass of the shoulder girdle - 1.45-0.51 kg (9.78-3.51%), thoracic limb - 0.72-0.25 kg (9.77-3.43%), pelvic limb - 3.16-1.11 kg (9.78-3.45%) and, in general, throughout the half-carcass of the muscles considered - 6.62-2.33 kg (9.79-3.44%).
Assessment of photosynthetic productivity of new perennial forage crops in forest-steppe conditions of Western Siberia
Authors: Chupina M P , Stepanov A F
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of six years of experience in comparative evaluation of perennial forage crops (Sida hermaphrodita Rusby., Silphium perfoliatum L., Polygonum divaricatun L., Polygonum weyrichii Fr. Schmidt, Helianthus tuberosus L., Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.), Symphytum asperum Lep., Urtica dioica L., Isatis tinctoria L., Rumex tianschanicus L. × Rumex patientia L.) on parameters of photosynthetic activity and dry matter yield in the forest-steppe conditions of Western Siberia. These crops are characterized by environmental plasticity, longevity (up to 25 years), high productivity (30-100 t/ha of green mass). And they have a versatile economic use. The experiment’s purpose is to assess the potential of crop cultivation and recommend species for inclusion in the regional cropping system. It was found that the largest area indicators of the assimilable apparatus (131.4-149.3 thousand m2 / ha) and photosynthetic potential (4.5–4.6 million m2 day/ha) were in S. hermaphrodita and S. perfoliatum crops, which exceeded the maize values by 1.2–2.4 times. A significant increase in leaf area in these crops contributed to a 23% decrease in net photosynthesis productivity compared to maize. By collecting dry matter for two mowings, these crops surpassed maize by 65-85% with a relatively high indicator of EER PAR (1.2 - 1.4%).
Heat and mass transfer modelling for storage of food bulk raw materials under active ventilation
Authors: Egorova O A , Alekseev G V , Yukhnik I P , Sychev A A
Published: January 2021

The paper aims to research a possibility of storing plant agricultural raw materials. Rational management of natural resources is a dominant trend in the economy development, which involves the fullest processing of plant raw materials intended for human consumption with minimum waste. Active grain ventilation is conducted by drying at a low temperature to preserve the quality of raw and wet grain, as well as by cooling grain batches stored to increase their durability. With a certain moisture content grain can be gradually dried, cooled, preserved, aerated depending on its condition and purpose. These technological methods provide a significant reduction in energy costs in comparison with thermal drying, as well as improving the quality of seeds and grains due to the “soft” completion of the biochemical processes associated with maturation and stabilization of the protein-enzyme complex. Active ventilation requires no complex equipment or large capital investments. Therefore, it is no coincidence that the technologies developed on the basis of active ventilation are widely used in processing of main volumes of high quality grain in USA, Canada, and Australia. The intensification of the grain preparation process achieved by this way reduces energy costs of drying. The study models the storage conditions for bulks of various types of agricultural raw materials under active ventilation.
Improving the efficiency of gravity devices for grain transport
Authors: Trotsenko V V , Zabudsky A I , Trotsenko I V , Ivanova I P
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the current problem of improving the efficiency of mechanized grain processing by reducing its mechanical damage during the operation of gravity transporting devices. It was found that as a result of high-speed movement of grain material with a low flow density, the number of impacts of grains on each other and on the walls of the gravity device increases, which increases the probability of damage to individual grains. To reduce the speed of the grain flow, a variant of a portioned grain pipeline with gravity-driven flaps is proposed. Calculations and experimental studies show that the speed of grain flow can be reduced to 2.5 m/s, which significantly reduces the damaging ability of the gravity device with constant performance.
The friction of root crops on different surfaces in preparation for feeding animals
Authors: Zazulya A , Vedishchev S , Filippova O , Simonov G , Brusenkov A , Konovalov V , Ilina I
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the research was to determine the functional dependencies of the friction parameters of root crops on various surfaces for subsequent use in energy calculations of working bodies. The research methodology provided for the experimental determination of static and kinetic friction coefficients on various surfaces and subsequent statistical processing of experimental data to obtain a regression model of indicators from the pressure of compression. Based on the research, equations were obtained that characterize the friction processes of root crops on various surfaces (steel, rubber, painted steel), which will serve for their further use in the design of machines and energy calculation. The highest friction coefficient corresponds to a pressure of 4.0-5.0 kPa, regardless of the static or dynamic loading method. At motion speeds of surfaces up to 2.0…2.6 m/s, the released juice manages to squeeze out of the contact zone. This increases the friction coefficient. At speeds from 2.000…3.095 m/s, the resulting juice does not have time to leak out of the contact zone, and therefore works as a liquid lubrication. As the speed increases, the friction coefficient decreases.
Product properties and histostructure of young sheepskin of the Dorper Breed
Authors: Pogodaev V A , Arilov A N , Mangutov S N , Khechev E V
Published: January 2021

The aim of the study is to analyze the commodity properties of sheepskin and the histostructure of the skin of rams of Kalmyk fat tail breed and crossbreeds (1/2 Kalmyk fat tail × 1/2 Dorper). The uterus of group I was covered with sheep of the Kalmyk fat tail breed, and the ewes of group II with sheep of the Dorper breed (experimental group). The study revealed, the mass of paired sheepskins of young group I was greater than that of peers of group II by 1.0 kg or 34.5 % (P> 0.999). A large live weight affected the large area of the skin of the second group of young animals, and the length of the hair of the experimental group, which turned out to be shorter, affected the smaller weight of the sheepskin. Pets have the best quality indicators of sheepskin and the best histological structure of the skin. Cross-breed animals have 14.52 % of more elastic, stronger and less thick skin, due to a greater epidermis thickness of 27.7 % and a denser reticular layer of 13.7 %. Wool cover (the ratio of primary follicle on the secondary) in cross-breeding sheep is 10.47 % thicker, compared to peers of white color, which corresponds to the technological requirements for the production of high-quality sheepskins.
Prospects for use of nanofiltration buttermilk and whey concentrates in the technology of fermented milk products with an increased mass fraction of protein
Authors: Bobrova A V , Ostretsova N G
Published: January 2021

In compliance to the studies data on the composition and properties of protein concentrates of buttermilk and whey obtained by the method of nanofiltration have been expanded and systematized. It has been found that buttermilk and whey concentrates with a mass fraction of solids of 20 % contain up to 7 and 2.3 % protein, respectively. The dispersion composition and the nature of the concentrates microstructure have been studied using an electron microscope. When buttermilk has been concentrated by nanofiltration, the average diameter of the dispersed particles has not increased and amounted to (130 ± 30) nm, and the spatial mesh size has decreased by 3.2 times. When whey has been concentrated, the particle size has increased by 1.7 times while the spatial mesh size has decreased by 1.3 times. The regularities of the joint development of lactic acid and bifidobacteria in a milk base have been revealed with a different ratio of nanofiltration buttermilk and whey concentrates to substantiate the rational composition of the milk base. It has been proven that fermented milk products based on buttermilk and whey concentrates have increased biological value. The developed products contain 44-46 % more essential amino acids, the balance coefficient of amino acid composition is 17-18 % higher than those of cultured buttermilk.
Technological aspects of veterinary and sanitary control and safety of consumption of fin-footed mammals
Authors: Guz Yu N , Yakushin I V , Dovgan N B , Zhidik I Yu
Published: January 2021

The meat of fin-footed mammals contains complete protein with high biological value, as well as vitamins and minerals that are so necessary for the vital functions of the human body in the Far North. Nowadays fin-footed mammals are hunted only to provide food for indigenous people. In accordance with this, it was found that the procedure of the determination of the quality and safety of products obtained from marine mammals is outdated and requires changes. It is necessary to include in the regulatory and technical framework (GOST, SanPin) this type of meat and by-products of marine mammals, since this type of product is specific and the norms suitable for meat of all other slaughtered animals do not quite fit this category of meat because they do not contain indicators characterizing the quality and first of all, the safety of this type of product. The article considers the organization of the development of quota allocations for the fishing of marine mammals in the Chukotka Autonomous Region and the organization of veterinary and sanitary inspection of the products of slaughter of commercial animals.
Conceptual approaches to the development of safe food products based on rabbit breeding resources and plant composites
Authors: Kurchaeva E E , Derkanosova N M , Kashirina N A , Maksimov I V
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the work was to develop technologies for functional meat products, namely cooked and smoked sausages using the resources of the rabbit breeding industry and plant-based enriching additives. The conducted studies allow us to recommend using a rational dose of a complex protein-carbohydrate composition in the development of a new type of cooked-smoked sausage in the amount of 10%. It contributes to improving the functional properties of minced meat, due to the strong cross-linking of proteins of transglutaminase enzymes and as a result, a positive effect on the consistency of the product (increased elasticity, without the formation of voids). The chemical composition of cooked-smoked sausage of enriched composition was studied and the positive effect of introduced protein-carbohydrate composites on its quality indicators was established. Economic calculations have confirmed the feasibility of implementing the developed technologies in production, and the totality of the estimated indicators proves the real possibilities and feasibility of using regional meat and plant resources on the principles of resource conservation and self-sufficiency.
Reducing agents of drone brood products supplemented by royal jelly, propolis and chitosan derivatives
Authors: Mitrofanov D V , Vakhonina E A , Budnikova N V
Published: January 2021

Violation of the ratio of nutrients causes diseases. Antioxidants occupy a special place among micronutrients, which can slow down aging and prevent the development of tumors. Bee products, especially drone brood, propolis, royal jelly, and chitin-chitosan-melanin complex, are rich in antioxidants. This requires the development of new combined products that have a complex effect on the human body. As an indicator of the content of unsaturated compounds, the iodine number of the drone brood adsorbed by lactose-glucose adsorbents, as well as supplemented by the chitin-chitosan-melanin complex, propolis extract and royal jelly, was studied. The results showed that new products have a higher iodine number compared to drone brood on lactose-glucose adsorbents. This is promising for the widespread use of new products in human nutrition. The iodine number can be a reliable indicator of quality.
Quality of broiler chicken meat when applying supplement Mintreks
Authors: Mizhevikina A S , Lykasova I A , Savostina T V , Sayfulmulyukov E R
Published: January 2021

The development of the poultry industry involves the use of feed supplements and biologically active substances. They have various effects on the body of birds: growth and development stimulants, macro- and microelements, enterosorbents, pro- and prebiotics, etc. A greater economic effect is achieved by using complex supplements. However, when using them, their effect on the veterinary and sanitary characteristics of meat is not taken into account. The issue of manufacturability of the resulting product is crucial. Poultry meat, especially white meat, is considered to be rather dry. Therefore, feed supplements retain moisture in meat. The work deals with quality of broiler chicken meat when applying the Mintrex supplement. Mintrex consists of mineral components translated into an easily digestible form. The main ones are Zn – 50 mg/kg, Cu – 10 mg/kg, Mn – 50 mg/kg feed). Mintrex is used to increase meat productivity and fatness of birds. The studies have proved that Mintrex does not change sensory, biochemical parameters, seeding, maturation, and meat preservation during storage, but increases the energy value of meat and its water-holding ability.
Improving methods for preventing diseases of pasture grasses and securing the quality of feedstuff
Authors: Beloshapkina O O , Katushova M S , Kalashnikov D V
Published: January 2021

The species composition of phytopathogenic fungi isolated from seeds of lawn grasses (pasture ryegrass, shoot grass birch and meadow bluegrass) was revealed and the dominant genera and species were identified. The main components of the pathogenic mycobiota of seeds were fungi: Fusarium – 44 %, Alternaria sp. – 37 %, Penicillium sp. – 12 %, Mycelia sterilia – 5 %, Cladosporium sp. – 2 %. In laboratory conditions, the biological effectiveness of the preparations was evaluated: Strekar, VRK (d.v. phytobacteriomycin + carbendazim), Fitolavin, VRK (d.v. complex of streptotricin antibiotics + phytobacteriomycin), TMTD-plus, KS (d. tiram + immunomodulators), Celest Top, KS (AI thiamethoxam + fludioxonil + diphenoconazole), of which Strekar, VRK, maximally increased the length of ryegrass seedlings, however, the length of the coleoptile was higher in the variant with TMTD-plus, KS, and the best effect on bluegrass seeds was provided by Celest Top, KS and TMTD-plus, KS. The contamination of seeds was reduced after treating with TMTD-plus.