bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgery to restore upper extremity function in tetraplegia—Preferences for early and frequent access to information
Authors: L'Hotta Allison J. , James Aimee S. , Curtin Catherine M. , Kennedy Carie , Kenney Deborah , Tam Katharine , Ota Doug , Stenson Katherine , Novak Christine B. , Fox Ida K.
Published: June 2022

Introduction

People with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) identify improving upper extremity (UE) function as a top priority. In addition to comprehensive rehabilitation, UE surgeries, including nerve and tendon transfers, enhance function. However, barriers exist to disseminating information about surgical options to enhance UE function.

Objective

To assess the experiences and preferences of people with cervical SCI and their caregivers in accessing information about surgery to enhance UE function.

Design

Prospective cohort study. Participants were followed up for 24 months and completed up to three interviews.

Setting

Tertiary care at academic and affiliated Veterans Administration Health Care Centers.

Participants

Adults with cervical SCI (n = 35) ages 18 to 80 years with mid‐cervical SCI American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A, B, or C (at least 6 months post‐injury) and their caregivers (n = 23) were eligible to participate. Participants were enrolled in three groups: nerve transfer, tendon transfer, or no UE reconstructive surgery.

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measure

Semi‐structured interviews about surgical knowledge and experiences.

Results

Data were analyzed and three themes were identified. First, providing information about UE surgical options early post‐injury was recommended. The acute or inpatient rehabilitation phases of recovery were the preferred times to receive surgical information. Second, challenges with information dissemination were identified. Participants learned about UE surgery through independent research, medical provider interactions, or peers. Third, peers were identified as valuable resources for SCI needs and surgical information.

Conclusions

Following cervical SCI, information about UE reconstructive surgeries should be a standard component of education during rehabilitation. An increased understanding of the reconstructive options available to improve UE function is necessary to educate stakeholders. Future research is needed to support the development of strategies to effectively present surgical information to individuals with SCI and health care providers.
Death anxiety as general factor to fear of cancer recurrence
Authors: Berlin Pia , von Blanckenburg Pia
Published: June 2022

Objective

Fear of cancer recurrence or progress is strongly related to death anxiety (DA) in cancer patients, but due to lack of conceptualization and measurement methods, the relationship was not analyzed quantitatively before. The aim of the present study was to investigate the conceptual relationship of both constructs, with DA expected to be the general construct.

Methods

Cancer patients (N = 121) participated in an online study. They provided information on socio‐demographical, medical and psychological measures including DA and fear of cancer recurrence or progression (FoP‐Q‐SF). Relation of constructs was assessed using a two‐step process: Confirming individual construct structure with confirmatory factor analysis, including correlation of constructs and modification of measurement model, followed by structural equation modeling and comparison of structure models for best model fit.

Results

The measurement model was modified to include three residual correlations within and between constructs. Comparison of structure models supported a bifactor structure with DA as general factor and fear of recurrence or progression as group factor: SBχ2 (173) = 207.74 (p < 0.05), SB = 1.538, relative χ2 = 1.2, rRMSEA = 0.05 [0.01, 0.07] (p > 0.05), SRMR = 0.07, CFI = 0.94, AIC = 7543.60.

Conclusions

DA can be interpreted as general factor to fear of cancer recurrence or progression. Psychological interventions to reduce emotional burden of cancer patients need to focus additionally on existential threat and individual fears regarding DA.
Posterior tracheopexy for preterm infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia and severe tracheobronchomalacia: A case series
Authors: Enzer Katelyn G. , Wine Todd M. , Gien Jason , Somme Stig , Prager Jeremy D. , Baker Christopher D.
Published: June 2022

We report a series of four patients with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) who underwent posterior tracheopexy for severe tracheomalacia (TM). While posterior tracheopexy is an established surgical treatment for TM associated with tracheoesophageal fistula, it has not been previously described in TM associated with BPD. There were no significant intraoperative or postoperative complications from the surgeries. Three of the four patients required tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation, which may reflect the degree of lung disease and other multisystem comorbidities in these patients. More investigation is needed to determine whether posterior tracheopexy is an effective surgical option for TM related to BPD.
Simultaneous Appearance of Different Topological Phases in a Single Photonic System: Coexisting Phases Characterized by Bulk Polarization and Valley‐Chern Number Enabling Dual‐Band Second‐Order Topological States
Authors: Om Kwang-Kwon , Kim Kwang-Hyon
Published: June 2022

Topological phases appearing in photonic systems have recently attracted much attention in the community of photonics due to the fundamental and practical significances. Despite extensive investigations, the preceding results show that the photonic systems exhibit single topological phases with few exceptions. This work presents the simultaneous appearance of different topological phases in a single photonic crystal structure, which are characterized by bulk polarization and valley‐Chern number. Square‐lattice photonic crystals with unit cells consisting of four dielectric rods, one of which has the size different from the other three ones, exhibit the topological phase characterized by bulk polarization in the first bandgap, depending on the distance between the dielectric rods. Due to the broken inversion symmetry, in the meantime, the photonic systems show the valley‐Hall topological phase in the fourth bandgap. The proposed structures have the advantage of flexible design for generating the dual‐band topological edge and corner states compared with other photonic systems exhibiting single topological phases. From the fundamental and practical significances, the presented results will trigger the extensive investigations for exploring the photonic systems with multiple topological phases and find important practical applications.
Evaluating effectiveness of public health intervention strategies for mitigating COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Xie Shanghong , Wang Wenbo , Wang Qinxia , Wang Yuanjia , Zeng Donglin
Published: June 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is an unprecedented global public health challenge. In the United States (US), state governments have implemented various non‐pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as physical distance closure (lockdown), stay‐at‐home order, mandatory facial mask in public in response to the rapid spread of COVID‐19. To evaluate the effectiveness of these NPIs, we propose a nested case‐control design with propensity score weighting under the quasi‐experiment framework to estimate the average intervention effect on disease transmission across states. We further develop a method to test for factors that moderate intervention effect to assist precision public health intervention. Our method takes account of the underlying dynamics of disease transmission and balance state‐level pre‐intervention characteristics. We prove that our estimator provides causal intervention effect under assumptions. We apply this method to analyze US COVID‐19 incidence cases to estimate the effects of six interventions. We show that lockdown has the largest effect on reducing transmission and reopening bars significantly increase transmission. States with a higher percentage of non‐White population are at greater risk of increased associated with reopening bars.
Oxygen Vacancy Induced Boosted Visible‐Light Driven Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction and Electrochemical Water Oxidation Over CuCo‐ZIF@Fe2O3@CC Architecture
Authors: Zhang Na , Zhang Qing , Zhang Lin‐Yan , Zhang Jian‐Yong , Fang Yong‐Zheng , Liu Zhifu , Zhou Min
Published: June 2022

Herein, the obtained Cu0.5Co0.5‐ZIF@Fe2O3@CC‐150 heterojunction (termed as Cu1‐xCox‐ZFC‐150) showed high hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction (HER and OER) activities with low overpotential small Tafel slope. When employed to be the bifunctional anode and cathode, they only needed a cell voltage of 1.62 V. The composite also exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance on CO2 evolution into CO and CH4. The enhanced OER kinetics and Z‐scheme charge transfer model for photocatalytic property have been discussed based on the experiments and density functional theory (DFT) analysis. The optimized phase interfaces, abundant active sites, optional oxygen vacancy, and adjusted Gibbs free energy were beneficial for the fast electron/ion transport enhancing the water splitting performance.
Reviewing the impact of digital migration on the consumer buying journey with robust measurement of PLS‐SEM and R Studio
Authors: Nayyar Varun
Published: June 2022

Current research has contributed to multiple relationship marketing models with digital migration, while studying multiple mediation effects of constructs like customer review, media mix and redesigned consumer journey, to develop a promising approach that will help to understand changing consumer preferences. By using PLS‐SEM and R studio, this research contributed to multiple relationship marketing models where different robust measuring standards of PLS‐SEM like multicollinearity, average variance, composite reliability, discriminant validity, endogeneity, R2 and IPMA helped in idealising marketing model assessment and fitness. Research findings indicate that with dynamism in consumer preferences, firms indeed have to redesign their marketing models with a focused ideology, reflecting the trend of digital migration with respect to media mix, customer review and a redesigned consumer journey for their final consumption behaviour. Government who were not near a digital platform needed to innovate their working style by improving their digital infrastructure and making digitization easier for consumers.
Cation‐Alloying‐Induced Blue‐Shifted and Wide‐Spectrum Polarization‐Sensitive Photodetection in Quasi‐1D SbBiS3
Authors: Yang Wen , Xiong Tao , Liu Yue-Yang , Yang Juehan , Xu Qun , Wei Zhongming
Published: June 2022

Quasi‐1D ternary semiconductors have attracted considerable attention recently because of their additional bandgap engineering deriving from the variable stoichiometry. Herein, SbBiS3single crystals are successfully synthesized by chemical vapor transport (CVT) method. The basic characterizations combined with theoretical calculations reveal that SbBiS3semiconductor has an intrinsically low symmetry structure and in‐plane anisotropy of optical absorption. Significantly, the bandgap of SbBiS3shows a blue‐shifted compared to the bandgaps of binary Sb2S3and Bi2S3. Moreover, the quasi‐1D SbBiS3‐based photodetector shows a wide‐spectrum photosensitivity (360–1064 nm), a fast response speed (τrise≈ 10 μs andτdecay ≈ 94 μs) at 532 nm, a high photoresponsivity (6.82 A W−1) at 360 nm. In addition, the photodetector exhibits an anisotropic photocurrent ratio up to 1.12 at 808 nm. The work demonstrates the SbBiS3prepared by cationic alloy is a promising candidate for the application of polarized optoelectronics.
Insect and Pathogen Influences on Tree-Ring Stable Isotopes
Authors: Ulrich Danielle E. M. , Voelker Steve , Brooks J. Renée , Meinzer Frederick C.
Published: June 2022

Understanding long-term insect and pathogen effects on host tree physiology can help forest managers respond to insect and pathogen outbreaks, and understand when insect and pathogen effects on tree physiology will be exacerbated by climate change. Leaf-level physiological processes modify the carbon (C) and oxygen (O) stable isotopic composition of elements taken up from the environment, and these modifications are recorded in tree-rings (see Chaps. 10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_9, 10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_10, 10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_16 and 10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_17). Therefore, tree-ring stable isotopes are affected by both the tree’s environment and the tree’s physiological responses to the environment, including insects and pathogens. Tree-ring stable isotopes provide unique insights into the long-term effects of insects and pathogens on host tree physiology. However, insect and pathogen impacts on tree-ring stable isotopes are often overlooked, yet can substantially alter interpretations of tree-ring stable isotopes for reconstructions of climate and physiology. In this chapter, we discuss (1) the effects of insects(defoliators, wood-boring, leaf-feeding), pests (parasitic plants), and pathogens(root and foliar fungi) on hostphysiology (growth, hormonal regulation, gas exchange, water relations, and carbon and nutrient use) as they relate to signals possibly recorded by C and O stable isotopes in tree-rings, (2) how tree-ring stable isotopes reveal insect and pathogen impacts and the interacting effects of pathogens and climate on hostphysiology, and (3) the importance of considering insect and pathogen impacts for interpreting tree-ring stable isotopes to reconstruct past climate or physiology.
Anatomical, Developmental and Physiological Bases of Tree-Ring Formation in Relation to Environmental Factors
Authors: Rathgeber Cyrille B. K. , Pérez-de-Lis Gonzalo , Fernández-de-Uña Laura , Fonti Patrick , Rossi Sergio , Treydte Kerstin , Gessler Arthur , Deslauriers Annie , Fonti Marina V. , Ponton Stéphane
Published: June 2022

Understanding the process of wood formation and its dynamics over the growing season is fundamental to interpret the isotopic signature of tree rings. Indeed, the isotopic signal recorded in wood does not only depend on the conditions influencing carbon, water, and nitrogen uptake in the leaves and roots, but also on how these elements are translocated to the stem and incorporated into the developing xylem. Depending on environmental conditions, tree developmental stage, and physiological status, wood formation dynamics can vary greatly and produce tree-ring structures carrying specific isotopic signatures. In this chapter, we present the physiological processes involved in wood formation, along with their relationships with anatomical, developmental, and environmental factors, to understand when and how photosynthetic assimilates are progressively incorporated into the forming xylem, creating the final isotopic signature of a tree ring. First, we review current knowledge on the structure and functions of wood. Then we describe the xylogenesis process (how and when the new xylem cells produced by the cambium develop through successive differentiation phases), and its relationships with physiological, developmental, and environmental factors. Finally, we explain the kinetics of xylemcell differentiation and show why the knowledge recently acquired in this field allows us to better understand the isotopic signals in tree rings.
Research Interest
Authors: Modica Marcello
Published: June 2022

The occurrence of industrial brownfield sites in mountain regions is emerging as a key spatial development challenge. The European Alps offer a privileged case study area in this regards due to their high level of industrial maturity and the clear evidences of an ongoing structural change. The difference between urban and mountain brownfields seems to lie not much in the content of the sites, which is indeed functionally related to certain industries and processes, but more on the physical and non-physical relationships with the context. The misunderstanding of these specific conditions leads often to incomplete or even failed transformation attempts, as proved by few examples of the two recurring strategies implemented in the Alps: building recycling and land recycling. An alternative approach capable of highlighting and enhancing the infrastructural specificity of mountain brownfields, based on an holistic understanding of landscape, might help to overcome the existing planning and management shortcomings.
Conclusive Remarks
Authors: Modica Marcello
Published: June 2022

Some key final remarks on the scope and achievements of the research are highlighted, including a brief yet broad discussion on the appropriateness of the used methodology. In conclusion, the still open questions and the need for future research are mentioned.
Research Design
Authors: Modica Marcello
Published: June 2022

Based on the research gaps identified in the previous introductory chapter, the aims, structure and methodology of the work are presented. A clear hypothesis is defined and explained through its terms and meanings as a guiding statement towards the expected results. With reference to the hypothesis, the methodological organization of the work as well as its logical structuring are then briefly described.
The Alps as context
Authors: Modica Marcello
Published: June 2022

The Alps provide all the relevant conditions for studying the occurrence of brownfields in mountain settings, from the advanced socio-economic structure which enables deindustrialization to the high development pressure that sets context-related transformation objectives. Through a detailed geo-economic analysis of past Alpine industrialization and the late structural change, the source and types of mountain brownfields are first identified. On this basis, and having always the specificity of the Alpine context as reference, the challenges and potentials of brownfield redevelopment are then explained through the lens of economy, society and environment. This review ultimately helps to frame mountain brownfields as a unique territorial capital for regional development, as well as a space of possibility firmly embedded in the cultural landscape.
Characterising
Authors: Modica Marcello
Published: June 2022

Based on the mapping results, the characterisation phase focuses on the most representative site typologies of Alpine brownfields. These are identified and analysed according to a structural criterion, which emphasises the role of previous industry-environment interactions as generator of a specific and recurring landscape structure. Through a comparative analysis of aerial views and self-generated figure-ground diagrams, four representative site typologies are selected and described on the basis of their recognisable structural features and their inherent transformation potential.
Testing
Authors: Modica Marcello
Published: June 2022

The testing phase involves four case study sites selected from the previously outlined geography of Alpine brownfields as a ‘test base’ for developing a landscape-oriented transformation model. By means of a detailed research protocol, which includes and integrates intensive fieldwork activities and interpretative background analysis, the sites are gradually unveiled as highly representative situations of the vast case systems of Alpine brownfields. Based on concrete and reality-matching inputs from local stakeholders and communities, each site’s transformation is then ‘virtually’ realized through speculative design explorations. This allows not only to outline a specific planning approach to transformation itself, but also it helps to identify and categorise all those possible interventions that can be implemented.
Research Outcomes
Authors: Modica Marcello
Published: June 2022

The main research outcomes are presented and discussed with reference to the research aims, hypothesis and by considering the preliminary results of the three analytical phases. The holistic landscape approach applied to the transformation of Alpine brownfields is defined through its characterising aspects, effectiveness and rendered into a clear operational/procedural structure. A particular emphasis is given to the three-system strategy designed to guide the site transformation itself. In conclusion, the overall transferability and replicability of the proposed approach is discussed with reference to the analytical levels of the research (regional types, landscape structures, intervention taxonomy).
CP-violating 2HDMs emerging from 3-3-1 models
Authors: Fan Zhiyi , Yagyu Kei
Published: June 2022

Abstract

We investigate CP violating 2 Higgs doublet models as an effective theory emerging from models with an SU(3)L ⊗ U(1)X gauge symmetry. Because of the extension of the electroweak symmetry, a characteristic structure of Yukawa interactions appears with new CP violating phases at the electroweak scale. In this scenario, the charged Higgs boson loop provides dominant and sizable contributions to the neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) at one-loop level. We find that the prediction of the nEDM can be slightly smaller than the current upper limit, $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10−26) e cm, with the mass of the charged Higgs boson and new CP violating phases to be a few hundred GeV and $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1), respectively, under the constraints from the meson mixings, the B → Xsγ decay and current LHC data.
Sphere theorems with and without smoothing
Authors: Deng Jialong
Published: June 2022

We show two sphere theorems for the Riemannian manifolds with scalar curvature bounded below and the non-collapsed $$\mathrm {RCD}(n-1,n)$$

RCD
(
n
-
1
,
n
)

spaces with mean distance close to $$\frac{\pi }{2}$$

π
2

.
Gendered university major choice: the role of intergenerational transmission
Authors: Philipp Julia
Published: June 2022

In this paper, I study the role of gender-typical parental occupation for young adults’ gender-typical university major choice using data on a recent cohort of university students in Germany. Results show significant intergenerational associations between the gender typicality in parental occupation and young adults’ majors. As to why these effects occur, findings suggest that the transfer of occupation-specific resources from parents to their children plays an important role and that a transmission of gender roles explains at least some of the father-son associations. The paper contributes to existing literature by introducing a novel measure that operationalises the extent to which majors and occupations are ‘typically female’ or ‘typically male’ and by studying different transmission channels.
Mouse models in COVID-19 research: analyzing the adaptive immune response
Authors: Clever Sabrina , Volz Asisa
Published: June 2022

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 causing the COVID-19 pandemic, resulted in a major necessity for scientific countermeasures. Investigations revealing the exact mechanisms of the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis provide the basis for the development of therapeutic measures and protective vaccines against COVID-19. Animal models are inevitable for infection and pre-clinical vaccination studies as well as therapeutic testing. A well-suited animal model, mimicking the pathology seen in human COVID-19 patients, is an important basis for these investigations. Several animal models were already used during SARS-CoV-2 studies with different clinical outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we give an overview of different animal models used in SARS-CoV-2 infection studies with a focus on the mouse model. Mice provide a well-established animal model for laboratory use and several different mouse models have been generated and are being used in SARS-CoV-2 studies. Furthermore, the analysis of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells during infection and in vaccination studies in mice is highlighted.
Pathogenic free-living amoebae from water sources in Cape Verde
Authors: Sousa-Ramos Djeniffer , Reyes-Batlle María , Bellini Natalia Karla , Rodríguez-Expósito Rubén L. , Martín-Real Christian , Piñero José E. , Lorenzo-Morales Jacob
Published: June 2022

Free-living amoebae (FLA) are protozoa which have been reported in different countries worldwide from diverse sources (water, soil, dust, air), contributing to the environmental microbiological contamination. Most of the FLA species present a life cycle with two different phases: an active vegetative and physiologically form named trophozoite, and an extremely resistant phase called cyst. Acanthamoeba spp., Naegleria fowleri, Balamuthia mandrillaris, Sapinia pedata, Vahlkampfia spp., Paravahlkampfia spp. and Vermamoeba vermiformis have been reported not only as causal agents of several opportunistic diseases including fatal encephalitis or epithelial disorders, but also as capable to favour the intracellular survival of common pathogenic bacteria, which could avoid the typical water disinfection systems, non-effective against FLAs cysts. Even though Santiago Island possesses high levels of humidity compared to the rest of the archipelago of Cape Verde, the water resources are scarce. Therefore, it is important to carry out proper microbiological quality controls, which currently do not contemplate the FLA presence in most of the countries. In the present work, we have reported the presence of Acanthamoeba spp. (69.2%); Vannella spp. (15.4%); Vermamoeba vermiformis (7.7%) and the recently discovered Stenamoeba dejonckheerei (7.7%) in different water sources of Santiago Island.
MITNET: a novel dataset and a two-stage deep learning approach for mitosis recognition in whole slide images of breast cancer tissue
Authors: Çayır Sercan , Solmaz Gizem , Kusetogullari Huseyin , Tokat Fatma , Bozaba Engin , Karakaya Sencer , Iheme Leonardo Obinna , Tekin Eren , Yazıcı Çisem , Özsoy Gülşah , Ayaltı Samet , Kayhan Cavit Kerem , İnce Ümit , Uzel Burak , Kılıç Onur
Published: June 2022

Mitosis assessment of breast cancer has a strong prognostic importance and is visually evaluated by pathologists. The inter, and intra-observer variability of this assessment is high. In this paper, a two-stage deep learning approach, named MITNET, has been applied to automatically detect nucleus and classify mitoses in whole slide images (WSI) of breast cancer. Moreover, this paper introduces two new datasets. The first dataset is used to detect the nucleus in the WSIs, which contains 139,124 annotated nuclei in 1749 patches extracted from 115 WSIs of breast cancer tissue, and the second dataset consists of 4908 mitotic cells and 4908 non-mitotic cells image samples extracted from 214 WSIs which is used for mitosis classification. The created datasets are used to train the MITNET network, which consists of two deep learning architectures, called MITNET-det and MITNET-rec, respectively, to isolate nuclei cells and identify the mitoses in WSIs. In MITNET-det architecture, to extract features from nucleus images and fuse them, CSPDarknet and Path Aggregation Network (PANet) are used, respectively, and then, a detection strategy using You Look Only Once (scaled-YOLOv4) is employed to detect nucleus at three different scales. In the classification part, the detected isolated nucleus images are passed through proposed MITNET-rec deep learning architecture, to identify the mitosis in the WSIs. Various deep learning classifiers and the proposed classifier are trained with a publicly available mitosis datasets (MIDOG and ATYPIA) and then, validated over our created dataset. The results verify that deep learning-based classifiers trained on MIDOG and ATYPIA have difficulties to recognize mitosis on our dataset which shows that the created mitosis dataset has unique features and characteristics. Besides this, the proposed classifier outperforms the state-of-the-art classifiers significantly and achieves a $$68.7\%$$

68.7
%

F1-score and $$49.0\%$$

49.0
%

F1-score on the MIDOG and the created mitosis datasets, respectively. Moreover, the experimental results reveal that the overall proposed MITNET framework detects the nucleus in WSIs with high detection rates and recognizes the mitotic cells in WSI with high F1-score which leads to the improvement of the accuracy of pathologists’ decision.
Multivariate interrelatedness of geotechnical and petrophysical properties towards developing near-surface lithology clusters in a sedimentary terrain
Authors: Akinyemi Olukayode D.
Published: June 2022

The study reports the approach of interrelating geotechnical and petrophysical parameters to develop near-surface lithology clusters in a sedimentary terrain. Field-based and laboratory-based geophysical, geotechnical, and petrophysical measurements were carried out with a view to finding correlations among related parameters, grouping the parameters into depth clusters, and determining trend correlations between field-acquired and laboratory-obtained parameters. Four agglomerate hierarchical cluster signatures were identified at depth 0–30 cm, three at 30–60 cm, and five at 0–90 cm. Principal component 1 retained 74% of data variation and differentiated the petrophysical parameters according to Poisson’s ratio (v) and velocity ratio (Vp/Vs). Principal component 2 explained another 14% of variability in the original responses and separated parameters based on elastic modulus (E) and clay fraction (C). Degree of correlation of Vp/Vs with porosity (Φ), sand fraction (S), C, unconfined compressive strength (U), and California bearing ratio (R) followed order Φ > S > C, and U > R. Trend correlation of shear velocity at 1 m showed good agreement (R2 = 0.992) between field and laboratory data with an amplification factor of 4.13 separating the corresponding values. Lithology determined from soil analysis agreed with that inferred from measured electrical resistivity while geotechnical, petrophysical, and geophysical spatial analysis supported site lithology configuration patterns. Thus, multivariate association of geotechnical and petrophysical parameters exhibited potentials for rapid and exploratory near-surface lithology mapping even at a regional scale.
When terminology hinders research: the colloquialisms of transitions of control in automated driving
Authors: Maggi Davide , Romano Richard , Carsten Oliver , Winter Joost C. F. De
Published: June 2022

During the last 20 years, technological advancement and economic interests have motivated research on automated driving and its impact on drivers’ behaviour, especially after transitions of control. Indeed, once the Automated Driving System (ADS) reaches its operational limits, it is forced to request human intervention. However, the fast accumulation and massive quantity of produced studies and the gaps left behind by standards have led to an imprecise and colloquial use of terms which, as technology and research interest evolve, creates confusion. The goal of this survey is to compare how different taxonomies describe transitions of control, address the current use of widely adopted terms in the field of transitions of control and explain how their use should be standardized to enhance future research. The first outcome of this analysis is a schematic representation of the correspondence among the elements of the reviewed taxonomies. Then, the definitions of “takeover” and “handover” are clarified as two parallel processes occurring in every transition of control. A second set of qualifiers, which are necessary to unequivocally define a transition of control and identify the agent requesting the transition and the agent receiving the request (ADS or the driver), is provided. The “initiator” is defined as the agent requesting the transition to take place, and the “receiver” is defined as the agent receiving that request.
Clipping versus coiling for treatment of middle cerebral artery aneurysms: a retrospective Italian multicenter experience
Authors: Sturiale Carmelo Lucio , Scerrati Alba , Ricciardi Luca , Rustemi Oriela , Auricchio Anna Maria , Norri Nicolò , Piazza Amedeo , Ranieri Fabio , Tomatis Alberto , Albanese Alessio , Di Egidio Vincenzo , Farneti Marco , Mangiola Annunziato , Marchese Enrico , Raco Antonino , Volpin Lorenzo , Trevisi Gianluca
Published: June 2022

Endovascular treatment has emerged as the predominant approach in intracranial aneurysms. However, surgical clipping is still considered the best treatment for middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms in referral centers. Here we compared short- and long-term clinical and neuroradiological outcomes in patients with MCA aneurysms undergoing clipping or coiling in 5 Italian referral centers for cerebrovascular surgery. We retrospectively reviewed 411 consecutive patients admitted between 2015 and 2019 for ruptured and unruptured MCA aneurysm. Univariate and multivariate analyses of the association between demographic, clinical, and radiological parameters and ruptured status, type of surgical treatment, and clinical outcome at discharge and follow-up were performed. Clipping was performed in 340 (83%) cases, coiling in 71 (17%). Clipping was preferred in unruptured aneurysms and in those showing collateral branches originating from neck/dome. Surgery achieved a higher rate of complete occlusion at discharge and follow-up. Clipping and coiling showed no difference in clinical outcome in both ruptured and unruptured cases. In ruptured aneurysms age, presenting clinical status, intracerebral hematoma at onset, and treatment-related complications were significantly associated with outcome at both short- and long-term follow-up. The presence of collaterals/perforators originating from dome/neck of the aneurysms also worsened the short-term clinical outcome. In unruptured cases, only treatment-related complications such as ischemia and hydrocephalus were associated with poor outcome. Clipping still seems superior to coiling in providing better short- and long-term occlusion rates in MCA aneurysms, and at the same time, it appears as safe as coiling in terms of clinical outcome.
Temporal Pitch Sensitivity in an Animal Model: Psychophysics and Scalp Recordings
Authors: Richardson Matthew L. , Guérit François , Gransier Robin , Wouters Jan , Carlyon Robert P. , Middlebrooks John C.
Published: June 2022

Cochlear implant (CI) users show limited sensitivity to the temporal pitch conveyed by electric stimulation, contributing to impaired perception of music and of speech in noise. Neurophysiological studies in cats suggest that this limitation is due, in part, to poor transmission of the temporal fine structure (TFS) by the brainstem pathways that are activated by electrical cochlear stimulation. It remains unknown, however, how that neural limit might influence perception in the same animal model. For that reason, we developed non-invasive psychophysical and electrophysiological measures of temporal (i.e., non-spectral) pitch processing in the cat. Normal-hearing (NH) cats were presented with acoustic pulse trains consisting of band-limited harmonic complexes that simulated CI stimulation of the basal cochlea while removing cochlear place-of-excitation cues. In the psychophysical procedure, trained cats detected changes from a base pulse rate to a higher pulse rate. In the scalp-recording procedure, the cortical-evoked acoustic change complex (ACC) and brainstem-generated frequency following response (FFR) were recorded simultaneously in sedated cats for pulse trains that alternated between the base and higher rates. The range of perceptual sensitivity to temporal pitch broadly resembled that of humans but was shifted to somewhat higher rates. The ACC largely paralleled these perceptual patterns, validating its use as an objective measure of temporal pitch sensitivity. The phase-locked FFR, in contrast, showed strong brainstem encoding for all tested pulse rates. These measures demonstrate the cat’s perceptual sensitivity to pitch in the absence of cochlear-place cues and may be valuable for evaluating neural mechanisms of temporal pitch perception in the feline animal model of stimulation by a CI or novel auditory prostheses.
Bushfires, COVID-19 and Young People’s Climate Action in Australia
Authors: Gunasiri Hasini , Wang Yifan , Capetola Teresa , Henderson-Wilson Claire , Patrick Rebecca
Published: June 2022

Australia’s summer bushfires of 2020–2021 were catastrophic, negatively impacting people, and the natural environment. This climate change-related event exacerbated the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on public health. Young people are a priority population whose health and livelihoods are significantly impacted by these events. At the same time, young people are active agents for climate action. This exploratory mixed-method study draws on descriptive analyses of survey data (n = 46) and thematic analyses of interview data (n = 6) which demonstrated that some young people, whilst concerned about existential and real impacts of climate change, use contact with nature to cope and as motivation for taking climate actions.
Posttraumatic Growth and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in People with HIV
Authors: Chi Danni , de Terte Ian , Gardner Dianne
Published: June 2022

Receiving a diagnosis of HIV can be challenging. People with HIV (PWH) can experience high levels of distress, as well as some positive psychological changes associated with post-traumatic growth. However, the mechanisms which underlying the association of a highly stressful event (i.e., being diagnosed with HIV) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are under-explored, and this is the focus of the study. Cross-sectional survey data were provided by 77 PWH living in New Zealand. An analysis examined the roles of deliberate rumination and coping strategies as serial mediators of the associations between event centrality and PTG and PTSSs. The relationships between event centrality and PTG and PTSSs were found to be sequentially mediated by deliberate rumination and avoidance coping, but not by deliberate rumination and active coping. Further analyses explored active coping and deliberate rumination as parallel mediators, with avoidance coping as a subsequent mediator, between event centrality and PTG and PTSSs. However, these analyses were not supported. The findings indicate that the more participants appraised the HIV diagnosis as central, the greater PTG they perceived; however, the more they deliberately ruminated on it, and the more avoidance coping they adopted, the less PTG and greater PTSSs they perceived. Future studies need to explore the relationships of event centrality and coping and their associations with PTG and PTSSs.
Fake & original: the case of Japanese food in Southeast Asian countries
Authors: Domon Koji , Melcarne Alessandro , Ramello Giovanni B.
Published: June 2022

This paper seeks to answer two main questions: whether restaurants using a national brand to capture customers in fact use original national ingredients for producing food and, in cases where original ingredients are not used, what is the economic rationale behind this choice? Specifically, the study focuses on Japanese restaurants in three Southeast Asian countries, using a theoretical model and an empirical investigation based on interviews and survey data collected through field research. Considering restaurants, their suppliers, and their customers, we show how a dual asymmetric-information problem exists, between suppliers and restaurants and between restaurants and their customers. The results indicate that a first reason for buying non-original ingredients—important especially for cheaper restaurants—is a desire to reduce costs. That said, the use of non-original ingredients occurs among all types of Japanese restaurants in the three studied countries. It does not depend on the presence of a Japanese chef or owner, nor on the share of Japanese customers. By contrast it does significantly depend on the reliability of the wholesale channel, and the resultant difficulties that restaurants encounter when buying original ingredients.
Juridical Empowerment
Authors: Mosayebi Reza
Published: June 2022

The idea of empowerment has gained a significant role in the discourse of poverty. I outline a restricted conception of empowerment inspired by Kant’s idea ofrightful honour. According to this conception, empowerment consists in enabling individuals to assert their own human rights (juridical empowerment). I apply this conception to impoverished persons and argue that it is crucial to their self-respect, their so-called ‘power-[from-]within,’ and their political agency, and has a teleological primacy regarding our efforts to reduce poverty. I also defend the idea that there is a moral right to this form of empowerment and a corresponding duty to empower the impoverished as rights-asserters. Juridical empowerment will be compatible with a pluralism of substantive accounts of the moral wrongs of poverty and with broader conceptions of empowerment.
Fitness effects of somatic mutations accumulating during vegetative growth
Authors: Cruzan Mitchell B. , Streisfeld Matthew A. , Schwoch Jaime A.
Published: June 2022

The unique life form of plants promotes the accumulation of somatic mutations that can be passed to offspring in the next generation, because the same meristem cells responsible for vegetative growth also generate gametes for sexual reproduction. However, little is known about the consequences of somatic mutation accumulation for offspring fitness. We evaluate the fitness effects of somatic mutations in Mimulus guttatus by comparing progeny from self-pollinations made within the same flower (autogamy) to progeny from self-pollinations made between stems on the same plant (geitonogamy). The effects of somatic mutations are evident from this comparison, as autogamy leads to homozygosity of a proportion of somatic mutations, but progeny from geitonogamy remain heterozygous for mutations unique to each stem. In two different experiments, we find consistent fitness effects of somatic mutations from individual stems. Surprisingly, several progeny groups from autogamous crosses displayed increases in fitness compared to progeny from geitonogamy crosses, likely indicating that beneficial somatic mutations occurred in some stems. These results support the hypothesis that somatic mutations accumulate during vegetative growth, but they are filtered by different forms of selection that occur throughout development, resulting in the culling of expressed deleterious mutations and the retention of beneficial mutations.
Assessments made easier: examining the use of a rating-based questionnaire to capture behavioral data in rehabilitant orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus morio)
Authors: Rocque Florence , Chotard Helene , Bard Kim , Micheletta Jerome , Tuuga Augustine , Alsisto Sylvia , Davila-Ross Marina
Published: June 2022

Rehabilitation and release are commonly used for confiscated, surrendered, and rescued primates. To improve release efficacy it is important to generate accurate behavioral profiles of release candidates. Research on primates traditionally uses observer ratings to measure individual differences. This method is easily implemented, but its validity has been questioned. We evaluated whether observer ratings reflect behavioral data indicating forest adaptation in 18 free-ranging rehabilitant orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus morio). In 2017, we used a species-specific questionnaire to measure how often orangutans engaged in behaviors linked to living successfully in the wild (e.g., nest building) and the extent to which they express personality traits that may influence forest adaptation. We collected 11 months of observational data on 17 of the orangutans concurrently to validate the questionnaire items, and collected further questionnaire data for 16 of the individuals in 2019. We used regularized exploratory factor analysis (REFA) and parallel analysis to condense the ratings and determine that two factors could be reliably extracted. We conducted another REFA using the observational data, and calculated factor congruence coefficients following procrustean rotation. The first of the two factors represented forest skills and human aversion, and was congruent with observational data. The second factor reflected boldness, sociability, and exploration, and was not congruent with observational data. Ratings correlated significantly with observations for all five questionnaire items reflecting adaptation to forest life, and for three of seven items reflecting personality traits. We conclude that ratings can be a valid approach to obtain individual-based behavioral information reflecting forest adaptation in free-ranging rehabilitant orangutans, and may be particularly useful in summarizing behaviors relevant to forest adaptation that are otherwise challenging to gather in primates.
Applicability and limitations of high-throughput algal growth rate measurements using in vivo fluorescence in microtiter plates
Authors: Albrecht Martin , Khanipour Roshan Samira , Fuchs Laura , Karsten Ulf , Schumann Rhena
Published: June 2022

Micro-algae play important roles in primary production, nutrient cycling, and applied biotechnology. Mico-algae are phylogenetically, morphologically and physiologically diverse and often easy to grow in cultures. Growth is the key parameter of viability and crucial for survival insitu and efficiency invitro. Therefore, growth is often used in eco-physiological experiments to describe the fundamental niche and optimum conditions. Invivo chlorophyll-a fluorescence (IVCF) is a well-established proxy for the growth of micro-algae and is based on constant cell properties during exponential growth. High-throughput IVCF measurements have been applied for about 20 years for few, mostly green algal strains. Here, we tested the IVCF using microtiter plates on strains of four different algal phyla (Chlorophyceae, Cyanobacteria, Bacillariophyceae, Rhodophyceae) and compared the data with cell counts and chlorophyll contents. The microtiter plate reader based IVCF (MPR-IVCF) approach worked best for the diatom Cylindrothecaclosterium and the cyanobacterium Synechococcuselongatus. Differences between IVCF and cell count-based growth rates were found for Chlorellavulgaris and Rhodella sp. The IVCF growth rates were lower than the growth rates based on cell counts in both cases, thus underestimating absolute growth rates. The MPR-IVCF method is robust in terms of light scattering and non-photosynthetic contamination but prone to changes in light regimes and also to aggregating algal cells. Thus, we recommend using the MPR-IVCF approach (1) for diatoms and cyanobacteria as an absolute growth rate measure, (2) for relative measures of growth rates, intra and interspecific during the same experiment, also for all algal phyla except Rhodophyta.
DECLAB: a software for liquid scintillation spectra deconvolution
Authors: Fons-Castells Jordi , Llopart-Babot Inés , Franco-Curtido Juan Antonio , Tent-Petrus Joana , Rigol Anna , Llaurado Montserrat
Published: June 2022

The deconvolution of liquid scintillation (LS) spectra is meaningful in several scenarios like supporting incomplete radiochemical separations, for screening purposes and determining different isotopes of the same element, which is explored in this paper for the case of 89Sr/90Sr. In this paper DECLAB, an online application for liquid scintillation spectra analysis is presented. The software considers the classical calibration modes like constant efficiency and quenching curve and furthermore, the deconvolution of multicomponent spectra by means of Partial Least Square Regression. DECLAB is designed to analyse Perkin Elmer Wallac Quantulus 1220 spectra. However, in further upgrades, the applicability of this tool will be extended to other LS spectrometers.