bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shallow strategic thinking: findings from a multinational problem-based learning pilot study
Authors: Hennessey Megan J. , Perez Celestino , Jenner Brandy
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Researchers piloted a problem-based learning (PBL) activity in a master’s degree-granting strategic studies program to explore how students apply knowledge and skills learned from the curriculum to their formulation of a strategy addressing a real-world global security scenario.

Design/methodology/approach

This mixed-methods pilot study used ethnographic observation, participant feedback, document analysis and surveys to assess the learning and engagement of multinational postgraduate students in the context of a PBL environment.

Findings

Findings revealed gaps in students’ causal logic and literacy, as well as student discomfort with ambiguity and reliance upon heuristic frameworks over willingness to conduct substantive, current and relevant research. Additionally, observed group dynamics represented a lack of inclusive collaboration in mixed gender and multinational teams. These findings suggest foundational issues with the curriculum, teaching methodologies and evaluation practices of the studied institution.

Originality/value

This study highlights the need to include explicit instruction in problem-solving and causal literacy (i.e. logical reasoning) in postgraduate programs for national and global security professionals, as well as authentic opportunities for those students to practice interpersonal communication.
Online VR store as a sustainable fashion retail space
Authors: Won Yujeong , Jung Hye Jung , Lee Yuri
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The study applied the information system success model (ISSM) to investigate the influence of information system qualities (ISQs) on consumer responses related to sustainable fashion consumption in the context of comparing 3D VR store and 2D website.

Design/methodology/approach

This study designed a questionnaire to measure five ISQs (usefulness, diversity, functionality, reliability and tangibility), immersion in messages and purchase intention. 270 data from women consumers of online fashion stores were collected using Macromill Embrain. Structural equation modeling with Amos 21 and process macro model 7 with SPSS 26 were used for analysis.

Findings

This study suggested the relevance of usefulness, diversity, reliability and tangibility among ISQs in evoking immersion in sustainable fashion messages and stimulating the purchase intention. In the moderation of website technology types, the effects of usefulness and tangibility on the immersion in sustainable fashion messages were stronger in 3D VR than 2D condition.

Originality/value

The study is meaningful as an initial study that identified the ISQs of online fashion stores by dividing the type of technology into 3D VR and 2D. We offer insights about the relevance and applicability of immersive VR technology in promoting sustainable fashion consumption and show the potential of online VR store as a new kind of sustainable fashion retail space.
The impact of perceived corporate social responsibility on employees’ turnover intention in professional team sports: a conditional mediation model
Authors: Wang Fong-Jia , Chiu Weisheng , Cho Heetae
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The study investigated the impact of perceived corporate social responsibility (CSR) on employees' turnover intention in professional team sports organizations, focusing on employee identification and co-production’s role in this context.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 225 employees in professional team sports organizations, with analysis conducted via partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

The results indicated that perceived CSR negatively impacted turnover intention. Employee identification mediated the relationship between perceived CSR and turnover intention. Moreover, co-production moderated the relationship between perceived CSR and employee identification, affecting the mediating role of employee identification between perceived CSR and turnover intention.

Practical implications

Prioritizing CSR offers benefits beyond improving an organization’s public image. It also plays a crucial role in enhancing internal organizational dynamics. Specifically, it helps to increase employee identification with the company, reduce turnover intentions, and promote co-production. These outcomes, when combined, lead to the development of a stronger, more cohesive, and resilient organization.

Originality/value

This study provides empirical evidence of the influence of perceived CSR on employee identification and behavior within professional team sports organizations. It underscores the importance of enhancing employee identification to reduce turnover intention.
Social media sharing disposition (SMSD) as a driver of consumer information-sharing behavior
Authors: Bailey Ainsworth Anthony , Ben Mimoun Mohamed Slim
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Despite the continued focus on online sharing through social media, little consumer research has looked at this behavior as an independent construct or tried to determine how it relates to other consumer behaviors. Consequently, this study aims to explore the concept of social media sharing disposition (SMSD), proposes a measure of the construct, and, in five studies, assesses its reliability and validity and its relationship to other online and offline consumer behaviors.

Design/methodology/approach

Five studies using surveys were carried out to assess the SMSD construct. The studies gathered data to assess the properties and validities of SMSD, as well as its ability to assess offline and online sharing behavior.

Findings

The results indicate that SMSD is a useful construct that helps to explain people’s social media and offline sharing behavior, although its focus is primarily on social media sharing. It also displays convergent, discriminant and predictive validity. These results indicate that SMSD can be used to predict the likelihood of consumers sharing online information. They also confirm that SMSD works effectively in different cultural contexts. SMSD can also be used to assess consumer offline sharing behavior.

Research limitations/implications

There was neither an investigation of actual differences in behaviors among consumers in the number of posts or online reviews they undertook, based on SMSD, nor a study of whether individuals are more likely to incorporate brand information into their posts. Future research could explore these behaviors to determine whether they can be explained by SMSD. There was also no focus on a rationale for engaging in social media sharing; that is, there are no proposed antecedents of SMSD. Additional studies could assess antecedents of this construct.

Practical implications

Marketers interested in engaging consumers as participants in the dissemination of online (electronic) information can segment and target consumers on the basis of SMSD. Therefore, it can be used to determine who should be targeted with information to disperse to other consumers. It is likely that there is a relationship between SMSD and social media influencer (SMI) activity, so it could also be used to identify SMIs among consumer bases. It can also be adapted and applied to understanding offline sharing behavior.

Originality/value

The paper reports on SMSD and establishes that it is an additional construct that can help explain consumer information sharing. The construct relates to a social media context, where it may be increasingly difficult to identify consumers who engage in differential sharing of digital information.
Transfer of a leadership training intervention prior to COVID-19 on leadership support during the pandemic
Authors: Brossoit Rebecca M. , Hammer Leslie B. , Bodner Todd E. , Mohr Cynthia D. , Allen Shalene J. , Crain Tori L. , Brockwood Krista J. , Adler Amy B.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

We examined the impact of a leadership support training intervention implemented prior to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on support behaviors specific to COVID-19 during the pandemic. Primary intervention targets (i.e. family-supportive supervisor behaviors and sleep leadership behaviors) were explored as mediators between the intervention and supportive COVID-19 leadership behaviors.

Design/methodology/approach

A cluster randomized controlled trial intervention was implemented with service members and their supervisors in the Army and Air National Guard throughout 2017–2019. Follow-up survey data were collected after the intervention, including during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Direct and indirect intervention effects were tested.

Findings

A pre-COVID intervention targeting leader support for family and sleep health had a direct effect on leader support specific to the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, sleep leadership, but not family-supportive supervisor behaviors, mediated the intervention effects on supportive COVID-19 leadership. These findings suggest that certain leadership training interventions can transfer across knowledge domains and time.

Practical implications

Findings from this study demonstrate that training leaders on support behaviors improves their ability to support employees during the COVID-19 pandemic and may translate to crisis leadership in other contexts.

Originality/value

We examined the long-term effects of an intervention that was implemented approximately 1–2 years prior to the COVID-19 pandemic on leadership support behaviors specific to the pandemic. Our findings contribute to the leadership, training, and organizational intervention literatures, and have implications for how leaders can support employees during crises.
Improving the good in good organizations: the potential value of social impact assessment for social enterprises
Authors: Giderler Memduh Eren , Vanclay Frank
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Social enterprises are not generally aware that they might create negative social impacts on local communities. This paper aims to inform social enterprise scholars and practitioners about the potential value of the field of Social Impact Assessment in managing the negative impacts of social enterprises on beneficiaries, local communities and other rightsholders and stakeholders.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a conceptual paper.

Findings

The authors discuss the key things that could assist social entrepreneurs in assessing their social impacts, negative as well as positive, unintended as well as intended. Social enterprises might: use a human rights-based approach and undertake due diligence; implement a grievance redress mechanism; obtain free, prior and informed consent; consider their ongoing social licence to operate; and implement benefit sharing programs. Doing all this would improve the social outcomes from their activities and contribute to socially sustainable development.

Originality/value

Although social enterprises seek sustainable solutions to social problems and are described as “do good organizations”, there is an assumption (myth) that social enterprises only have positive impacts. This paper argues that social enterprises can also cause negative social impacts, especially where processes to consider potential for harm are absent. Therefore, social enterprises need a way to assess and manage potential negative social impacts and enhance the social outcomes from their activities. The authors argue that learnings from the field of Social Impact Assessment (as codified by the International Association for Impact Assessment) should be brought into the social entrepreneurship discourse.
Children's reading outcomes in digital and print mediums: A systematic review
Authors: Hare Carolynn , Johnson Ben , Vlahiotis Megan , Panda Erin J. , Tekok‐Kilic Ayda , Curtin Suzanne
Published: June 2024

Background

Given the growing reliance on digital devices, an increasing number of studies have examined the effects of text medium on reading outcomes in development; however, the results have been mixed. The goal of this systematic review is to look at how print and digital formats affect reading comprehension, engagement and other reading outcomes (e.g. vocabulary, reading speed) in children and adolescents aged 1–17 years old while also considering the influence of several participant, task and study characteristics.

Methods

A comprehensive search strategy involving seven electronic databases yielded 88 eligible articles comparing digital and print formats on reading outcomes published between 2000 and 2023 (3 reviewer inter‐rater reliability: k = .54–.78). Three major characteristics were coded: participant‐level (grade/age, diverse populations, testing language); task‐level (text‐genre, shared reading, digital comparability); study‐level (publication recency, study quality) characteristics. Contingency tables were created for all studies, then for each reading outcome and for participant, task, and study characteristics separately to classify the percentage of studies that demonstrated outcomes favouring print, digital, no difference or reliance on specific reading measures or other factors.

Results

Except in the case of engagement as an outcome, the most common finding was no difference between digital and print. When participant, task and study characteristics were examined separately for the various reading outcomes, the results varied. More studies examining reading comprehension (particularly of informational text and in older children) found ‘print is better’, whereas ‘digital is better’ was more common in studies examining engagement, other outcomes such as vocabulary and diverse learners.

Conclusions

This review highlights the importance of examining multiple interacting factors when studying the impact of print versus digital mediums on reading outcomes in children and adolescents.
Pregnancy and birth complications and long‐term maternal mental health outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bodunde Elizabeth O. , Buckley Daire , O'Neill Eimear , Al Khalaf Sukainah , Maher Gillian M. , O'Connor Karen , McCarthy Fergus P. , Kublickiene Karolina , Matvienko‐Sikar Karen , Khashan Ali S.
Published: June 2024

Background

Few studies have examined the associations between pregnancy and birth complications and long‐term (>12 months) maternal mental health outcomes.

Objectives

To review the published literature on pregnancy and birth complications and long‐term maternal mental health outcomes.

Search strategy

Systematic search of Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), PsycInfo®, PubMed® and Web of Science from inception until August 2022.

Selection criteria

Three reviewers independently reviewed titles, abstracts and full texts.

Data collection and analysis

Two reviewers independently extracted data and appraised study quality. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were used to calculate pooled estimates. The Meta‐analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines were followed. The protocol was prospectively registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42022359017).

Main results

Of the 16 310 articles identified, 33 studies were included (3 973 631 participants). Termination of pregnancy was associated with depression (pooled adjusted odds ratio, aOR 1.49, 95% CI 1.20–1.83) and anxiety disorder (pooled aOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.20–1.71). Miscarriage was associated with depression (pooled aOR 1.97, 95% CI 1.38–2.82) and anxiety disorder (pooled aOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.11–1.39). Sensitivity analyses excluding early pregnancy loss and termination reported similar results. Preterm birth was associated with depression (pooled aOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.32–1.42), anxiety disorder (pooled aOR 0.97, 95% CI 0.41–2.27) and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (pooled aOR 1.75, 95% CI 0.52–5.89). Caesarean section was not significantly associated with PTSD (pooled aOR 2.51, 95% CI 0.75–8.37). There were few studies on other mental disorders and therefore it was not possible to perform meta‐analyses.

Conclusions

Exposure to complications during pregnancy and birth increases the odds of long‐term depression, anxiety disorder and PTSD.
Microbial cell factory for butyl butyrate production: Knowledges and perspectives
Authors: Guo Xiaolong , Ding Yuqing , Chen Yufan , Fu Hongxin , Wang Jufang
Published: June 2024

Butyl butyrate is a short‐chain fatty acid ester (C8) with a fruity aroma. It has broad prospects in the fields of foods, cosmetics and biofuels. At present, butyl butyrate is produced by chemical synthesis in the industry, but it is highly dependent on petroleum‐based products. The growing concerns regarding the future scarcity of fossil fuels have been strongly promoted the transition from traditional fossil fuels and products to renewable bioenergy and biochemicals. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a green biochemical technology to replace traditional petroleum‐based materials. In recent years, microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and Clostridium have been engineered to serve as cell factories for the sustainable one‐pot production of short‐chain fatty acid esters, including butyl butyrate. This opinion highlights the recent development in the use of lipases and alcohol acyltransferases (AATs) for butyl butyrate production in microbial fermentation, as well as future perspectives.
For an Anarchist Decolonial Agenda: New Perspectives on Anarchism, Marronage, and Indigeneity from Brazil/Pindorama
Authors: Ferretti Federico
Published: June 2024

This paper proposes new perspectives on anarchism, indigeneity, and Afro‐descendent struggles, by discussing the case of Brazilian anarchists’ commitment to luta afroindígena. They mean by this term the intersection of indigenous and Afro‐descendant resistances for the recognition of land, against the violence of states, agribusiness, and extractivism. I argue that this case offers key insights to radical geographies, and to the broader field of decolonial scholarship, to challenge cultural and racial essentialisms by connecting different militant traditions. I also argue that, taking inspiration from indigenous thought and socio‐territorial practices of broader Latin American social movements, these cases enhance decolonial bids for “decolonising methodologies” by showing the importance of starting from practices before theory. My arguments are based on documentary work on past and present relations between anarchism and decoloniality in Latin America/Abya Yala, on personal militant work in Brazil/Pindorama, and on a sample of qualitative interviews with activists.
The Family and Pregnancy Pop‐Up Village: Developing a one‐stop shop of services to reduce pregnancy care‐related inequities in San Francisco
Authors: Nijagal Malini A. , Odiase Osamuedeme J. , Bell April J. , El Ayadi Alison M. , Williams Schyneida , Nicolaisen Chloe , Jacobs Garrett , Mack Brandi , LaSerre Monique , Stewart Chelsea , Crockett KaSelah , Afulani Patience A.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Centering affected individuals and forming equitable institutional–community partnerships are necessary to meaningfully transform care delivery systems. We describe our use of the PRECEDE‐PROCEED framework to design, plan, and implement a novel care delivery system to address perinatal inequities in San Francisco.

Methods

Community engagement (PRECEDE phases 1–2) informed the “Pregnancy Village” prototype, which would unite key organizations to deliver valuable services alongside one another, as a recurring “one‐stop‐shop” community‐based event, delivered in an uplifting, celebratory, and healing environment. Semi‐structured interviews with key partners identified participation facilitators and barriers (PRECEDE phases 3–4) and findings informed our implementation roadmap. We measured feasibility through the number of events successfully produced and attended, and organizational engagement through meeting attendance and surveys.

Results

The goals of Pregnancy Village resonated with key partners. Most organizations identified resource constraints and other participation barriers; all committed to the requested 12‐month pilot. During its first year, 10 pilot events were held with consistent organizational participation and high provider engagement.

Conclusion

Through deep engagement and equitable partnerships between community and institutional stakeholders, novel systems of care delivery can be implemented to better meet comprehensive community needs.
Decoding the language of first impressions: Comparing models of first impressions of faces derived from free‐text descriptions and trait ratings
Authors: Jones Alex L. , Shiramizu Victor , Jones Benedict C.
Published: June 2024

First impressions formed from facial appearance predict important social outcomes. Existing models of these impressions indicate they are underpinned by dimensions of Valence and Dominance, and are typically derived by applying data reduction methods to explicit ratings of faces for a range of traits. However, this approach is potentially problematic because the trait ratings may not fully capture the dimensions on which people spontaneously assess faces. Here, we used natural language processing to extract ‘topics’ directly from participants' free‐text descriptions (i.e., their first impressions) of 2222 face images. Two topics emerged, reflecting first impressions related to positive emotional valence and warmth (Topic 1) and negative emotional valence and potential threat (Topic 2). Next, we investigated how these topics were related to Valence and Dominance components derived from explicit trait ratings. Collectively, these components explained only ~44% of the variance in the topics extracted from free‐text descriptions and suggested that first impressions are underpinned by correlated valence dimensions that subsume the content of existing trait‐rating‐based models. Natural language offers a promising new avenue for understanding social cognition, and future work can examine the predictive utility of natural language and traditional data‐driven models for impressions in varying social contexts.
In defence of the entity of Macaronesia as a biogeographical region
Authors: Fernández‐Palacios José María , Otto Rüdiger , Capelo Jorge , Caujapé‐Castells Juli , de Nascimento Lea , Duarte Maria Cristina , Elias Rui B. , García‐Verdugo Carlos , Menezes de Sequeira Miguel , Médail Frédéric , Naranjo‐Cigala Agustín , Patiño Jairo , Price Jonathan , Romeiras Maria M. , Sánchez‐Pinto Lázaro , Whittaker Robert J.
Published: June 2024

Since its coinage ca. 1850 AD by Philip Barker Webb, the biogeographical region of Macaronesia, consisting of the North Atlantic volcanic archipelagos of the Azores, Madeira with the tiny Selvagens, the Canaries and Cabo Verde, and for some authors different continental coastal strips, has been under dispute. Herein, after a brief introduction on the terminology and purpose of regionalism, we recover the origins of the Macaronesia name, concept and geographical adscription, as well as its biogeographical implications and how different authors have positioned themselves, using distinct terrestrial or marine floristic and/or faunistic taxa distributions and relationships for accepting or rejecting the existence of this biogeographical region. Four main issues related to Macaronesia are thoroughly discussed: (i) its independence from the Mediterranean phytogeographical region; (ii) discrepancies according to different taxa analysed; (iii) its geographical limits and the role of the continental enclave(s), and, (iv) the validity of the phytogeographical region level. We conclude that Macaronesia has its own identity and a sound phytogeographical foundation, and that this is mainly based on three different floristic components that are shared by the Macaronesian core (Madeira and the Canaries) and the outermost archipelagos (Azores and Cabo Verde). These floristic components are: (i) the Palaeotropical‐Tethyan Geoflora, formerly much more widely distributed in Europe and North Africa and currently restricted to the three northern archipelagos (the Azores, Madeira and the Canaries); (ii) the African Rand Flora, still extant in the coastal margins of Africa and Arabia, and present in the southern archipelagos (Madeira, the Canaries and Cabo Verde), and (iii) the Macaronesian neoendemic floristic component, represented in all the archipelagos, a result of allopatric diversification promoted by isolation of Mediterranean ancestors that manage to colonize Central Macaronesia and, from there, the outer archipelagos. Finally, a differentiating floristic component recently colonized the different archipelagos from the nearest continental coast, providing them with different biogeographic flavours.
The bidirectional relationship between collaboration network stability and technological innovation performance: The moderating effect of knowledge networks
Authors: Wang Chongfeng , Zhong Linfeng , Xu Jie
Published: June 2024

This study delves into the bidirectional relationship between collaboration network stability (CS) and technological innovation performance (TIP), and the moderating effect of knowledge network characteristics. Using patent data gathered from China's biotechnology industry between 1985 and 2022, we develop a simultaneous equation model and employ a three‐stage least squares estimation to explore the bidirectional relationship between CS and TIP, as well as to reveal the underlying moderating mechanisms. The results indicate that CS and TIP affect each other. The impact of CS on TIP has an inverted U‐shape, and TIP exerts a negative impact on CS. Knowledge network stability (KS) and diversity (KD) weaken the inverted U‐shaped influence of CS on TIP.
The medicinal chemistry of piperazines: A review
Authors: Faizan Md , Kumar Rajnish , Mazumder Avijit , Salahuddin  , Kukreti Neelima , Kumar Arvind , Chaitanya M. V. N. L.
Published: June 2024

The versatile basic structure of piperazine allows for the development and production of newer bioactive molecules that can be used to treat a wide range of diseases. Piperazine derivatives are unique and can easily be modified for the desired pharmacological activity. The two opposing nitrogen atoms in a six‐membered piperazine ring offer a large polar surface area, relative structural rigidity, and more acceptors and donors of hydrogen bonds. These properties frequently result in greater water solubility, oral bioavailability, and ADME characteristics, as well as improved target affinity and specificity. Various synthetic protocols have been reported for piperazine and its derivatives. In this review, we focused on recently published synthetic protocols for the synthesis of the piperazine and its derivatives. The structure–activity relationship concerning different biological activities of various piperazine‐containing drugs has also been highlighted to provide a good understanding to researchers for future research on piperazines.
Advances in the study of the glymphatic system and aging
Authors: Xiong Ying , Yu Qingying , Zhi Haimei , Peng Huiyuan , Xie Mingjun , Li Renjun , Li Kejian , Ma Yuexiang , Sun Peng
Published: June 2024

The glymphatic system is cerebrospinal fluid–brain tissue fluid exchange flow mediated by aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) on the end feet of astrocytes for a system, which is capable of rapidly removing brain metabolites and thus maintaining brain homeostasis, and is known as the central immune system. Dysfunction of the glymphatic system causes accumulation of misfolded and highly phosphorylated proteins (amyloid‐β and Tau proteins), which destabilizes the proteins, and the body's neuroinflammatory factors are altered causing aging of the immune system and leading to neurodegenerative diseases. Damage to the glymphatic system and aging share common manifestations, as well as unstudied biological mechanisms that are also linked, such as mitochondria, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and sleep. In this paper, we first summarize the structure, function, and research methods of the glymphatic system and the relationship between the glymphatic system and the peripheral immune system, and second, sort out and summarize the factors of the glymphatic system in removing metabolites and resolving aging‐related diseases and factors affecting aging, to explore its related biological mechanisms, and moreover, to provide a new way of thinking for treating or intervening aging‐related diseases.
The selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor UW‐MD‐95 shows symptomatic and neuroprotective effects in a pharmacological mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Carles Allison , Hoffmann Matthias , Scheiner Matthias , Crouzier Lucie , Bertrand‐Gaday Christelle , Chatonnet Arnaud , Decker Michael , Maurice Tangui
Published: June 2024

Aims

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating dementia characterized by extracellular amyloid‐β (Aβ) protein aggregates and intracellular tau protein deposition. Clinically available drugs mainly target acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and indirectly sustain cholinergic neuronal tonus. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) also controls acetylcholine (ACh) turnover and is involved in the formation of Aß aggregates and senile plaques. UW‐MD‐95 is a novel carbamate‐based compound acting as a potent pseudo‐irreversible BChE inhibitor, with high selectivity versus AChE, and showing promising protective potentials in AD.

Methods

We characterized the neuroprotective activity of UW‐MD‐95 in mice treated intracerebroventricularly with oligomerized Aβ25‐35 peptide using behavioral, biochemical, and immunohistochemical approaches.

Results

When injected acutely 30 min before the behavioral tests (spontaneous alternation in the Y‐maze, object recognition, or passive avoidance), UW‐MD‐95 (0.3‐3 mg/kg) showed anti‐amnesic effects in Aβ25‐35‐treated mice. When injected once a day over 7 days, it prevented Aβ25‐35‐induced memory deficits. This effect was lost in BChE knockout mice. Moreover, the compound prevented Aβ25‐35‐induced oxidative stress (assessed by lipid peroxidation or cytochrome c release), neuroinflammation (IL‐6 and TNFα levels or GFAP and IBA1 immunoreactivity) in the hippocampus and cortex, and apoptosis (Bax level). Moreover, UW‐MD‐95 significantly reduced the increase in soluble Aβ1‐42 level in the hippocampus induced by Aβ25‐35.

Conclusion

UW‐MD‐95 appeared as a potent neuroprotective compound in the Aβ25‐35 model of AD, with potentially an impact on Aβ1‐42 accumulation that could suggest a novel mechanism of neuroprotection.
Scissor‐assisted vs. conventional endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal lesions: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Veras Ayres da Silva Pedro Henrique , So Taa Kum Angelo , Logetto Caetité Gomes Igor , Miyajima Nelson Tomio , Moraes Bestetti Alexandre , Cadena Aguirre Diego Paul , Mansilla Gallegos Megui Marilia , Menezes Nascimento Filho Hiram , Gomes de Sousa Igor Valdeir , Marques Bernardo Wanderley , Guimarães Hourneaux de Moura Eduardo
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a technically complex procedure. The scissor knife mechanism may potentially provide easier and safer colorectal ESD. The aim of this meta‐analysis is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of scissor‐assisted vs. conventional ESD for colorectal lesions.

Methods

A search strategy was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and Lilacs databases from January 1990 to November 2023 according to PRISMA guidelines. Fixed and random‐effects models were used for statistical analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 test. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS‐I and RoB‐2 tools. Quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation tool.

Results

A total of five studies (three retrospective and two randomized controlled trials, including a total of 1575 colorectal ESD) were selected. The intraoperative perforation rate was statistically lower (risk difference [RD] −0.02; 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.04 to −0.01; P = 0.001; I2 = 0%) and the self‐completion rate was statistically higher (RD 0.14; 95% CI 0.06, 0.23; P = 0.0006; I2 = 0%) in the scissor‐assisted group compared with the conventional ESD group. There was no statistical difference in R0 resection rate, en bloc resection rate, mean procedure time, or delayed bleeding rate between the groups.

Conclusion

Scissor knife‐assisted ESD is as effective as conventional knife‐assisted ESD for colorectal lesions with lower intraoperative perforation rate and a higher self‐completion rate.
Local knowledge as the basis of disaster management and humanitarian assistance
Authors: Hirono Miwa , Nurdin Muhammad Riza
Published: June 2024

Recent policy discourse on the localisation of disaster management and humanitarian assistance lacks attention to the culture, history, and traditions of the Global South. This special issue of Disasters argues that it is imperative to recognise the dynamic, interactive, contested, and negotiated nature of local knowledge. Such local knowledge saves lives by enabling responders to situate ad hoc, one‐off events such as disasters in the broader and deeper context of community relationships, thereby providing more appropriate and more effective aid. Through the cases of China, Japan, Indonesia, and the Philippines, this special issue examines such dynamic local knowledge using an analytical framework consisting of three manifestations of local knowledge, namely: social capital; contextual historical memories; and adaptation to new ideas. These three manifestations show the ways in which local knowledge creates local capacity, via which local, national, and international disaster respondents can centre their response coordination, and in turn, demonstrate how local capacity reformulates local knowledge.
Drivers of international fiscal spillovers
Authors: Yilmazkuday Hakan
Published: June 2024

This paper investigates the drivers of international fiscal spillovers across 62 countries for the period covering 1970–2021. Using the local projections method at the country‐pair level, fiscal spillovers are estimated as the cumulative response of the real gross domestic product (GDP) growth in spillover destination countries to a unit shock in the real government spending growth in spillover source countries. Pairwise estimation results (for 3782 country pairs) suggest that there are statistically significant fiscal spillovers for 36% of country pairs, whereas this ratio is 49% for country pairs within the euro area. For the median country pair, a unit shock of real government spending growth in the spillover source country results in about 0.09% of the increase in the real GDP growth of the spillover destination country, whereas this fiscal‐spillover estimate goes up to 0.42% when the spillover source is in the euro area, and the spillover destination is an oil producing country. A secondary investigation based on the Heckman selection model is used to identify the drivers of fiscal spillovers across country pairs, where the existence of statistically significant fiscal spillovers is shown to be connected to the proximity between countries. The size of fiscal spillovers is further shown to increase with the initial (as of 1970) country size, trade openness, and government size of the spillover source country, whereas it decreases with the initial country size and trade openness of the spillover destination country. Important policy suggestions follow.
Ocean circulation contributes to genetic connectivity of limpet populations at deep‐sea hydrothermal vents in a back‐arc basin
Authors: Nakajima Yuichi , Nakamura Masako , Watanabe Hiromi Kayama , Ishibashi Jun‐ichiro , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Mitarai Satoshi
Published: June 2024

For endemic benthos inhabiting hydrothermal vent fields, larval recruitment is critical for population maintenance and colonization via migration among separated sites. The vent‐endemic limpet, Lepetodrilus nux, is abundant at deep‐sea hydrothermal vents in the Okinawa Trough, a back‐arc basin in the northwestern Pacific; nonetheless, it is endangered due to deep‐sea mining. This species is associated with many other vent species and is an important successor in these vent ecosystems. However, limpet genetic diversity and connectivity among local populations have not yet been examined. We conducted a population genetics study of L. nux at five hydrothermal vent fields (maximum geographic distance, ~545 km; depths ~700 m to ~1650 m) using 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci previously developed. Genetic diversity has been maintained among these populations. Meanwhile, fine population genetic structure was detected between distant populations, even within this back‐arc basin, reflecting geographic distances between vent fields. There was a significant, positive correlation between genetic differentiation and geographic distance, but no correlation with depth. Contrary to dispersal patterns predicted by an ocean circulation model, genetic migration is not necessarily unidirectional, based on relative migration rates. While ocean circulation contributes to dispersal of L. nux among vent fields in the Okinawa Trough, genetic connectivity may be maintained by complex, bidirectional dispersal processes over multiple generations.
Predator biomass affects west–east shifts in Barents Sea capelin (Mallotus villosus) spawning ground use
Authors: Olsen Tora , Frøysa Håvard G. , Yaragina Natalia A. , Titelman Josefin , Durant Joel M. , Langangen Øystein
Published: June 2024

Spawning locations of migratory fish influence the environmental and oceanographic fate of eggs and larvae. However, we have an incomplete understanding of how and why realized spawning locations vary. We quantified the yearly variation in spawning location for Barents Sea capelin (Mallotus villosus) within the recognized spawning areas along the coast of northern Norway and Murman. Furthermore, we tested whether water temperature, sea ice cover, predation and capelin fisheries are associated with spawning locations. Estimated spatial variation in spawning longitude used data from Soviet‐Russian ichthyoplankton surveys from 1959 to 1993 and a bootstrap procedure. The mean spawning area along the coast was then calculated by combining larvae observations with backtracking a larvae drift model from potential spawning areas. We fitted a generalized additive model (GAM) to assess the effects of environmental conditions on these drift‐corrected spawning longitudes. Capelin's mean yearly spawning location varied substantially across the study period. An increase in immature cod biomass, a major predator of capelin, during the spawning migration period in winter and early spring corresponds to more eastward capelin spawning. The eastward shift in mean spawning longitude seems to reach an eastern limit at high immature cod biomass. Sea temperature, sea ice cover and capelin fisheries were not associated with mean capelin spawning longitude. We show that the realized spawning areas for capelin are related to cod biomass, potentially through cod predation depleting and/or acting as a migration barrier for mature capelin.
Serravallian–Tortonian (Miocene) folding in the Amakusa region, northern Ryukyu arc: Possible subduction resumption of the Philippine Sea Plate
Authors: Ushimaru Kentaro , Yamaji Atsushi , Ishikawa Naoto
Published: June 2024

Eocene to Lower Miocene coal‐bearing formations in northern and western Kyushu, northern Ryukyu arc, are folded, and the horizontal compression has been attributed to the opening of the Japan Sea or to the significant movement along the Median Tectonic Line and its southwestern extension. However, the timing and implication of the folding are not well understood. To deal with these issues, we studied the Amakusa region where the folded Eocene strata with a total thickness of a few kilometers. Paleomagnetic directions of Middle Miocene intrusions and of Late Miocene lavas were measured in this study to apply the fold test to judge the relative timing of the folding and magmatism. As a result, the concentration of the directions was improved by the tilt‐correction, indicating the folding younger than the magmatism. Our detailed geological mapping revealed that the folding is older than a horizontally‐lying basaltic lava which yielded a K–Ar age of 6.8 Ma, because folded Eocene formations were truncated and unconformably blanketed by the lava. In addition, we found that some of the normal faults trending perpendicular to the folds were reactivated as transfer faults after the normal faulting which also postdated the magmatism. This reactivation is concordant with the above‐mentioned relative timing. Synthesizing geological data from surrounding regions, we conclude that the folding was probably contemporaneous with the Taiwan‐Shinji fold belt which grew in the Ryukyu and southwest Japan backarcs. Since the simultaneous compression affected not only these regions but also northeast Japan, the compression possibly resulted from the resumed subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate in the Serravallian–Tortonian time.
Nurses' Perspectives on the Proposed Seclusion Elimination in Mental Health Wards
Authors: Mubayiwa George C. , Joseph Bindu , Gilbert Julia , Olasoji Michael
Published: June 2024

Managing consumers with challenging behaviours by way of secluding them has been practiced for centuries. Many countries have attempted to eliminate seclusion but with very limited success. The Victorian government in Australia has embarked on a plan to stop seclusion within the coming 10 years. A qualitative research design using a purposive cluster sampling technique was utilised to understand nurses' perceptions on attempts to eliminate seclusions in acute wards. Semi‐structured interviews and a thematic analysis were used to reveal participants' perceptions. Analysis revealed six themes: personal views, staff skills/resources, safety concerns, stakeholders' influence, doubt about elimination and participants' recommendations. Participants were doubtful of seclusion elimination success if there were no major improvements in nurse security, infrastructure, funding and staffing. Further research is required to establish and develop effective alternatives to seclusion.
Evaluating Water Stress Adaptation in Cotton: Multivariate Analysis in F6–F7 Generations for Yield, Fibre Quality and Variety Selection
Authors: Gören Hatice Kübra , Canavar Öner , Tan Uğur
Published: June 2024

The impact of drought stress on productivity of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a well‐known challenge in agricultural production, and concurrently, the question of whether using the same or different selection criteria in well‐watered and water‐deficit conditions to select drought‐tolerant cotton varieties remains unclear. This study aimed to comprehensively assess the single plant progeny lines within the F6 and F7 generations for determine response to DS and select the tolerant lines within the F7 generation. Single plant progeny rows were established, with the deficit water condition comprising 108 and 136 single plants for the F6 and F7 generations, respectively, and the WW condition consisting of 120 and 156 single plants for the F6 and F7 generations, respectively, with four blocks in Augmented experimental design. These progeny rows have length of 12 m, incorporate five control varieties (Karizma, Gloria, Carla, Candia and Claudia) to facilitate a comprehensive comparison. The study findings showed that fibre length, boll number and lint percentage were identified as the most crucial selection criteria under both WW and deficit irrigation conditions through principal component analysis. These indicators are highly beneficial for evaluating cotton's drought tolerance and screening potential drought‐tolerant lines under both irrigation scenarios. According to the decision tree analysis, FL and BN have emerged as the most critical decision‐making parameter in both irrigation conditions. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that each selection criterion has different impact in the comprehensive selection process. Also, as a result of all statistical analysis results and breeder observations, a total of 10 cotton lines were selected in the F7 generation. These selected genotypes hold promise for future cotton breeding programmes, providing an avenue to enhance drought tolerance and elevate cotton yield and productivity.

Clinical Trial Registration: This study does not involve a clinical trial, and therefore, clinical trial registration is not applicable.
Positioning the surgical patient – roles, responsibilities and challenges. A qualitative study
Authors: Wevling Astrid , Linqvist Leonardsen Ann‐Chatrin
Published: June 2024

Aims

The aim was to explore how representatives from the different professions in the surgical team experience roles, responsibilities and challenges in positioning the surgical patient.

Background

Appropriate patient positioning on the operating table during surgery is vital for optimal anatomical exposure, access to essential equipment, patient comfort and to minimize the risk of injuries. Patient positioning has been described as a shared responsibility of the entire surgical team. The research on roles and responsibilities in patient positioning during surgery is sparse.

Design

The study had a qualitative design, including 16 individual, semi‐structured interviews, conducted in November and December 2023.

Methods

Participants included surgeons (n = 4), anaesthetists (n = 4), operating room nurses (n = 4) and nurse anaesthetists (n = 4) in a hospital in Southeastern Norway. The data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's six‐step Reflexive Thematic Analysis.

Results

Three main themes with subthemes were identified, namely (1) A teamwork approach, with subthemes (a) facilitating surgery and (b) health professionals' roles and responsibilities. (2) A patient safety issue, with subthemes (a) risk patients and (b) procedural challenges. (3) Absence of a systematic approach, with subthemes (a) various approach to second time‐out and (b) documentation and feedback issues.

Conclusion

Appropriate and safe positioning during surgery is a common responsibility of all members of the surgical team. Despite the common assumption that surgeons hold the primary responsibility, the operating room nurses seemed to hold the hands‐on responsibility. Different health professionals emphasized different risk patients, risk procedures and perceived challenges. This suggests a connection between the specific focus of distinct professional domains, their tasks and expertise within the surgical context.

Impact

There is a lack of clear guidelines outlining roles and the distribution of responsibility in patient positioning, which may be a safety concern. A need for reviewing responsibilities and defining roles is identified.

Systematic follow‐up of documentation of post‐operative observation and documentation of skin status and the “second time‐out” procedure is crucial to establish measures rooted in guidelines supported by both professional and administrative management. This dual commitment may ensure a comprehensive strategy for systematic follow‐up, fostering a culture of continuous improvement.

Patient Contribution

Not applicable.