bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intramolecular Condensation of 1,2-C6H4(CH2RH)2 (R = O, S, and NH) to Yield Heterocyclic Compounds over Halide-cluster Catalysts
Authors: Nagashima Sayoko , Kamiguchi Satoshi , Kudo Kentaro , Sasaki Tomoaki , Chihara Teiji
Published: December 2010

1,2-Benzenedimethanol was reacted under a helium stream in the presence of [(Nb6Cl12)Cl2(H2O)4]·4H2O supported on silica gel. When the temperature was raised above 200 °C, catalytic activity of the cluster for cyclization appeared, yielding 1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran in 91% selectivity at 350 °C. The corresponding halide clusters of tantalum and tungsten also catalyzed the reaction. cis-1,2-Cyclohexanedimethanol and 1,4-butanediol exclusively produced the corresponding furans. 1,2-Benzenedimethanamine and 1,2-benzenedimethanethiol selectively afforded isoindoline and 1,3-dihydrobenzo[c]thiophene, respectively.
Inherited Trust and Growth
Authors: Algan Yann , Cahuc Pierre
Published: December 2010

This paper develops a new method to uncover the causal effect of trust on economic growth by focusing on the inherited component of trust and its time variation. We show that inherited trust of descendants of US immigrants is significantly influenced by the country of origin and the timing of arrival of their forebears. We thus use the inherited trust of descendants of US immigrants as a time-varying measure of inherited trust in their country of origin. This strategy allows to identify the sizeable causal impact of inherited trust on worldwide growth during the twentieth century by controlling for country fixed effects. (JEL N11, N12, N31, N32, O47, Z13)
International Trade and Income Differences
Authors: Waugh Michael E
Published: December 2010

I develop a novel view of the trade frictions between rich and poor countries by arguing that to reconcile bilateral trade volumes and price data within a standard gravity model, the trade frictions between rich and poor countries must be systematically asymmetric, with poor countries facing higher costs to export relative to rich countries. I provide a method to model these asymmetries and demonstrate the merits of my approach relative to alternatives in the trade literature. I then argue that these trade frictions are quantitatively important to understanding the large differences in standards of living and total factor productivity across countries. (JEL F11, F13, F14, O19)
Early Admissions at Selective Colleges
Authors: Avery Christopher , Levin Jonathan
Published: December 2010

Early admissions are widely used by selective colleges and universities. We identify some basic facts about early admissions policies, including the admissions advantage enjoyed by early applicants and patterns in application behavior, and propose a game-theoretic model that matches these facts. The key feature of the model is that colleges want to admit students who are enthusiastic about attending, and early admissions programs give students an opportunity to signal this enthusiasm. (JEL C78, I23)
Is Reputation Good or Bad? An Experiment
Authors: Grosskopf Brit , Sarin Rajiv
Published: December 2010

We investigate the impact of reputation in a laboratory experiment. We do so by varying whether the past choices of a long-run player are observable by the short-run players. Our framework allows for reputation to have either a beneficial or a harmful effect on the long-run player. We find that reputation is seldom harmful and its beneficial effects are not as strong as theory suggests. When reputational concerns are at odds with other-regarding preferences, we find the latter overwhelm the former. (JEL C91, D12, D82, D83, Z13)
Social Preferences and Strategic Uncertainty: An Experiment on Markets and Contracts
Authors: Cabrales Antonio , Miniaci Raffaele , Piovesan Marco , Ponti Giovanni
Published: December 2010

This paper reports a three-phase experiment on a stylized labor market. In the first two phases, agents face simple games, which we use to estimate subjects' social and reciprocity concerns. In the last phase, four principals compete by offering agents a contract from a fixed menu. Then, agents “choose to work” for a principal by selecting one of the available contracts. We find that (i) (heterogeneous) social preferences are significant determinants of choices, (ii) for both principals and agents, strategic uncertainty aversion is a stronger determinant of choices than fairness, and (iii) agents display a marked propensity to work for principals with similar distributional concerns. (JEL D82, D86, J41)
Can Higher Prices Stimulate Product Use? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Zambia
Authors: Ashraf Nava , Berry James , Shapiro Jesse M
Published: December 2010

The controversy over how much to charge for health products in the developing world rests, in part, on whether higher prices can increase use, either by targeting distribution to high-use households (a screening effect), or by stimulating use psychologically through a sunk-cost effect. We develop a methodology for separating these two effects. We implement the methodology in a field experiment in Zambia using door-to-door marketing of a home water purification solution. We find evidence of economically important screening effects. By contrast, we find no consistent evidence of sunk-cost effects. (JEL C93, D12, I11, M31, O12)
Truss Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm, considering Construction Process
Authors: Wang Huaguo , Ohmori Hiroshi
Published: December 2010

Extending the authors' previous work on the theme of truss optimization using Genetic Algorithms (GAs), this article aims to apply the truss optimization scheme to actual truss structural design by considering some construction requirements for truss structures, such as member-crossing, member interference at joint, etc. A modified GA, named ‘Layered GA’, is utilized to simultaneously optimize topology, sizing, and shape of trusses to minimize the total weight of truss structures subjected to several actual constraints. In the numerical example, an optimization of a double layer truss roof structure was carried out to investigate and verify the proposed scheme.
Optimal Design of Single Layer Domes Using Meta-Heuristic Algorithms; a Comparative Study
Authors: Kaveh A. , Talatahari S.
Published: December 2010

Domes are lightweight and elegant structures that provide cost-effective solutions to cover large areas. The meta-heuristic algorithms presented in this paper carry out the optimum design of dome structures. The serviceability and strength requirements are considered in the design problem of network, Schwedler and lamella domes as specified in LRFD-AISC. The optimum solutions of the design problem are obtained using particle swarm optimizer, ant colony optimization, harmony search, Big Bang-Big Crunch, heuristic particle swarm ant colony optimization and charged system search. The solutions of these algorithms are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and the strength of each algorithm. Comparison of the results of the dome designs obtained by these algorithms illustrates the good performance of the heuristic particle swarm, ant colony optimization and charged system search method compared to other heuristic algorithms. Also, the Schwedler dome is found to have the most economical configuration.
Connection Systems in Reciprocal Frames and Mutually Supported Elements Space Structure Networks
Authors: Rizzuto J. P. , Larsen O. Popovic
Published: December 2010

Novel architectural forms can be created by connecting reciprocal frame (RF) and mutually supported elements (MSE) circuits together. These networks produce interesting architectural and engineering opportunities and challenges. The opportunities include the creation of roof and standalone structures that have distinctive architectural expression. The challenges include the determination of the often-complex configuration geometry between the elements and their connection system. A key feature of sloping RF and MSE geometry is that at the joint locations the element's centroidal axes generally do not coincide. An eccentricity at these positions has therefore to be incorporated within the connection system. This has a direct impact on element sizing, connection design, fabrication and erection sequences. RF and MSE spatial structure networks give rise to complex structural behaviour. Element-to-element connection eccentricity orientation is a controlling key feature in the determination of how the forces, moments and stresses are distributed between MSEs. The orientation of the eccentricity can be random or aligned to produce a vertical intersection distance as generally used in RF construction. The eccentricity derived from the common perpendicular to the centroidal axes is more commonly used in MSE circuit assembly. This paper considers the various methods used to connect RF and MSE networks and discusses their impact and comparative design advantages and disadvantages.
Seismic Performance of Steel Braces Jointed with High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites and Steel Bars
Authors: Yang Ilseung , Kim Soonchul , Choi Sungmo , Nishiyama Isao , Yun Hyundo
Published: December 2010

Steel-braced frames have been widely used for retrofitting due to their effectiveness in terms of their light weight and short construction period. The steel-braced frame retrofitting method is difficult to apply, however, to the inner frames of buildings. Consequently, there has been a demand for a braced frame retrofitting method that can be broadly and easily applied to both the inner and outer frames of buildings. In this study, a retrofitting method using steel-braced frames with HPFRCC and steel bars is proposed. The pre-fabricated upper and lower segments of the brace member are connected on-site with HPFRCC, meaning that the proposed method is applicable to the inner frames of buildings as a seismic retrofitting method that has the advantage of simple and rapid installation. The tension force is transmitted only through the steel bars, which transmit the compression force to the HPFRCC of the joint that connects the three brace units. The results of cyclic tests of four specimens clearly showed that steel braces using HPFRCC and steel bars ensure stable structural performances and improve construction efficiency.
Numerical Simulation of a Super-Long Pile Group under Both Vertical and Lateral Loads
Authors: Yao Wen-Juan , Yin Wu-Xian , Chen Jun , Qiu Yuan-Zhong
Published: December 2010

The current researches on soil-pile interaction under combined action of axial and lateral loads are mainly focused on the short or middle-long piles in a homogeneous soil. The practice for design of piles subjected to both axial and lateral loads commonly considers the two loads separately. In this paper, a super-long pile group in stratified soils under both vertical and lateral loads and the pile-soil interaction with the pile cap in contact with ground are all simulated together by a three-dimensional nonlinear numerical model. The influence of lateral loading on the vertical pile stresses and bending moments is analyzed. In addition, the effect of vertical loading on the lateral pile response is also investigated. On the other hand, given the fact that the super-long pile group is relatively insufficient in resisting a large lateral load, the pile in shallow depth is sleeved to reduce the horizontal displacement. Using the sleeve, the lateral load is transferred onto the deeper soil mass. The results show that the sleeved super-long pile group proposed in this paper can reduce the horizontal displacement significantly and is feasible in practical applications.
Two-Dimensional Physical and CFD Modelling of Large Gas Bubble Behaviour in Bath Smelting Furnaces
Authors: Pan Yuhua , Langberg David
Published: December 2010

The behaviour of large gas bubbles in a liquid bath and the mechanisms of splash generation due to gas bubble rupture in high-intensity bath smelting furnaces were investigated by means of physical and mathematical (CFD) modelling techniques. In the physical modelling work, a two-dimensional Perspex model of the pilot plant furnace at CSIRO Process Science and Engineering was established in the laboratory. An aqueous glycerol solution was used to simulate liquid slag. Air was injected via a submerged lance into the liquid bath and the bubble behaviour and the resultant splashing phenomena were observed and recorded with a high-speed video camera. In the mathematical modelling work, a two-dimensional CFD model was developed to simulate the free surface flows due to motion and deformation of large gas bubbles in the liquid bath and rupture of the bubbles at the bath free surface. It was concluded from these modelling investigations that the splashes generated in high-intensity bath smelting furnaces are mainly caused by the rupture of fast rising large gas bubbles. The acceleration of the bubbles into the preceding bubbles and the rupture of the coalescent bubbles at the bath surface contribute significantly to splash generation.
Development of Bubble Driven Flow CFD Model Applied for Aluminium Smelting Cells
Authors: Feng Y.Q. , Yang W. , Cooksey M. , Schwarz M.P.
Published: December 2010

This paper presents the development of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for the study of bubble driven bath flow in aluminium reduction cells. For validation purposes, the model development was conducted using a full scale air -water model of part of an aluminium reduction cell as a test-bed. The bubble induced turbulence has been modelled by either modifying bubble induced turbulence viscosity directly or by modifying bubble induced turbulence kinetic energy in a standard k- ε turbulence model. The relative performance of the two modelling approaches has been examined through comparison with experimental data taken under similar conditions using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Detailed comparison has been conducted by point-wise comparison of liquid velocities to quantify the level of agreement between CFD simulation and PIV measurement. Both models can capture the key flow patterns determined by PIV measurement, while the modified turbulence kinetic energy model gives better agreement with flow patterns in the gap between anode and cathode.
Recovery Behavior of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced High Strength Concrete After Fire Exposure
Authors: Horiguchi Takashi , Suhaendi Sofren Leo
Published: December 2010

High-strength concrete shows particular characteristic behavior at elevated temperatures, such as explosive spalling, that is rarely observed in normal-strength concrete. This behavior has been attributed to the very dense concrete matrix usually associated with high-strength concrete. Recently the addition of polypropylene fibres into high-strength concrete was reported to be very effective against the explosive spalling. However, it is hopeless to maintain the residual strength and the fracture toughness when the fibres melt. Steel fibre reinforcement can help to maintain the residual strength and fracture toughness after heated. In this paper, hybrid fibre reinforcement with the combination of polypropylene and steel fibres is proposed for improving the strength as well as the fracture characteristics after heating. This paper investigates the recovery possibility, up to 6 months observation, of heated hybrid fibre reinforced high-strength concrete. Tests results of hybrid fibre reinforced concrete showed significant recovery possibility on the physical properties and the permeability after high temperature.
Cancer protection of soy resembles cancer protection during pregnancy
Authors: Rohr Uwe D. , Gocan Anca G. , Bachg Doris , Schindler Adolf E.
Published: December 2010

It has been established that carrying a pregnancy to full-term at an early age can protect against contracting cancer by up to 50% in later life. The trophoblast theory of cancer states that trophoblast and cancer tissue are very similar. New findings suggest that the loss of fetal cells during pregnancy resemble those cells responsible for causing metastasis in cancer. Fetal cells and spreading cancer cells are highly proliferative. They are similar to stem cells, exhibiting no or low hormone receptor expression, and require a hormone receptor independent mechanism for control. Control of membrane stability during pregnancy is of vital importance for a successful pregnancy and is mediated by androstenediol and 2-methoxyestradiol. 2-Methoxyestradiol has no hormone receptor affinity and elicits strong anticancer effects particularly against cancer stem cells and fetal cells, for which currently no treatment has yet been established. There is a discussion whether pregnancy reduces cancer stem cells in the breast. Soy isoflavones are structurally similar to both hormones, and elicit strong anticancer effects and antiangiogenesis via inhibition of NF-κB, even in hormone receptor independent breast cancers seen in epidemiologic studies. The trophoblast theory of cancer could help to explain why soy baby nutrition formulas have no effect on baby physiology, other than the nutritional aspect, although soy elicits many effects on the adult immune system. To survive the immune system of the mother, the immune system of the fetus has to be separated; otherwise, the reduction of the immune system in the mother, a necessary feature for the blastocyst to grow, would immediately reduce the immunity for the fetus and endanger its survival. Similar to a fetus, newly born babies show immune insensitive to Th1 and Th2 cytokines, which are necessary and crucial for regulating the immune system of the mother, thus raising the risk of the baby of developing allergies and neurodermatitis. Gene expression studies in vitro as well as in circulating tumor cells from patients consuming a fermented soy product support the antiangiogenic as well as antiproliferative effects of soy.
Effect of Particle Size on Non-Isothermal Decomposition of Potassium Titanium Oxalate
Authors: Muraleedharan K. , Labeeb P. , Mujeeb V. M. Abdul , Aneesh M. H. , Devi T. Ganga , Kannan M. P.
Published: December 2010

The effect of particle size on the thermal decomposition of potassium titanium oxalate (PTO) has been studied using TG-DTA-DTG techniques in nitrogen atmosphere at different heating rates. The thermal decomposition of PTO undergoes through five stages, finally forming the stable potassium titanate. The theoretical mass loss data agree very well with experimental data for all stages of the thermal decomposition of PTO. The third thermal decomposition stage of PTO, the combined elimination of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, were subjected to kinetic analyses by a model free method, which is based on the isoconversional principle. We observed that both the onset and peak temperatures in DTA and DTG and the apparent activation energy are independent of particle size. The kinetic results indicate that the third thermal decomposition stage of PTO, the combined elimination of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, undergoes through a single step.
Of Predators, Parasites, and Fickle Friends
Authors: yang andrew
Published: December 2010

When we think about food undoubtedly we are the protagonists, the eaters. However, within the broader biological context our own bodies are also living meals for a myriad of parasites. It is often through the very food we eat that we animals become unsuspecting hosts to a variety of parasites, and thus links within the wider food chain. As unappetizing as they are, these trophic connections are as significant as they are profound. Indeed, much of what biologists have come to know about the complex ecology and evolution of life on the planet over the last 4.5 billion years is premised on the dynamics of eating and being eaten. Whether a relationship is symbiotic or in fact parasitic between species can be a very fuzzy line and is often a matter of looking at the remarkable gustatory details. With an ecological perspective on the wider world of eating, our notions of ““food”” take on new meaning.
Where Pumpkins Fly
Authors: redden elizabeth
Published: December 2010

At the World Championship Punkin Chunkin, you're supposed to throw your food. The contestants hurl pumpkins, the winning team being the one that throws a pumpkin the longest distance. In advance of the competition, which attracts tens of thousands of spectators and happens each November in a field outside Bridgeville, Delaware, contestants construct elaborate chunking machines——including air cannons, catapults, and trebuchets. Contestants also scavenge pumpkin patches in search of ideal, 8-to-10 pound specimen——typically of the Calabaza, Casper, or Lumina varieties——for purposes of ““chunking.”” This article, published on occasion of the Punkin Chunkin's twenty-fifth anniversary, details festival happenings in 2009, when an air cannon called Big 10 Inch took the world title with a throw of 4,162.65 feet. A mile-long throw remains the elusive goal of Punkin Chunkers everywhere. The World Championship Punkin Chunkin is a boisterous annual celebration of fall foods and the harvest, rural culture, and machinery.
Genetic variants associated with persistent central obesity and the metabolic syndrome in a 12-year longitudinal study
Authors: Cheung Chloe Y Y , Tso Annette W K , Cheung Bernard M Y , Xu Aimin , Ong K L , Law Lawrence S C , Wat Nelson M S , Janus Edward D , Sham Pak C , Lam Karen S L
Published: December 2010

Objective

Central obesity predisposes to various cardiometabolic diseases and is a key component of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We have previously demonstrated that three obesity-susceptible single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs10938397 (GNPDA2), rs8050136 (FTO) and rs17782313 (MC4R), were associated with obesity and waist circumference in cross-sectional studies in the Chinese population. In this study, we investigate whether these SNPs could also predict the persistence of central obesity and MetS in subjects from the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factors Prevalence Study (CRISPS) cohort.

Design and methods

We genotyped these SNPs in i) 354 subjects with and 994 subjects without central obesity at both baseline and a 12-year follow-up, ii) 2214 subjects (816 cases and 1398 controls) in an MetS cross-sectional case–control study and iii) 225 subjects with and 1221 subjects without MetS at both baseline and the 12-year follow-up.

Results

Both FTO rs8050136 (Page, sex-adjusted=0.019; odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence intervals (CI)): 1.35 (1.05, 1.73)) and GNPDA2 rs10938397 (Page, sex-adjusted=3×10−3; OR (95% CI): 1.34 (1.11, 1.63)) were significantly associated with persistent central obesity. GNPDA2 rs10938397 was also significantly associated with MetS (Page, sex-adjusted=0.011, OR (95% CI): 1.20 (1.04, 1.38)) in the case–control study. However, none of these SNPs showed an individual association with persistent MetS. In the combined genetic risk analyses for persistent central obesity and persistent MetS, the combined genetic risk score of the three SNPs showed an OR of 1.25 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.42; Page, sex-adjusted=4.92×10−3) and 1.19 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.38; Page, sex-adjusted=0.019) for each additional risk allele respectively.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that FTO and GNPDA2 variants predicted persistent central obesity in the Chinese population, further supporting their importance as obesity-susceptible genes.
Két műtéti technika elemzése laparoscopos splenectomiák kapcsán
Authors: Bognár Gábor , István Gábor , Ledniczky György , Barabás Loránd , Ondrejka Pál
Published: December 2010

Absztrakt

Bevezetés: A laparoscopos splenectomia a haematologiai betegségek műtéti kezelésének elfogadott és egyre jobban terjedő módszere. A műtéti tapasztalatok lehetővé teszik többféle technika kipróbálását. Célkitűzés: Kétféle műtéti technika elemzését és tanulságainak összefoglalását végeztük. Anyag és módszer: 16 betegnél végeztünk laparoscopos splenectomiát. Az anterior és a posteroanterior technika műtéttechnikai részleteit elemeztük a betegek klinikopatológiai adatainak felhasználásával. Következtetések: A posteroanterior technika könnyebb preparálást tesz lehetővé, az accessoricus lép(ek) felismerése biztosabb, és a műtéti szövődmények esélye is alacsonyabb. Szelektált esetekben, kifejezett splenomegalia esetén az anterior technika is választható.
Elülső mellkasfali deformitás Nuss szerinti rekonstrukciója fiatal felnőtteken és idősebb kamaszokon
Authors: Vágvölgyi Attila , Kocsis Ákos , Agócs László , Heiler Zoltán , Vadász Pál , Csekeő Attila
Published: December 2010

Absztrakt

Közleményünkben pectus excavatum miatt 86 fiatal felnőttön Nuss-technikával végzett elülső mellkasfali korrekciós műtétek retrospektív elemzését végeztük el. Áttekintjük az eredményeket, az előforduló szövődményeket és azon módszereket, melyekkel a szövődmények valószínűsége csökkenthető, a műtéttechnikai részleteket is érintve. A betegek életkorát figyelembe véve értékeljük a Nuss-műtét felnőttkori alkalmazhatóságát. Az elmúlt 7 év alatt osztályunkon 86 betegen végeztünk minimálisan invazív elülső mellkasfali korrekciót. A betegek átlagéletkora 21,4 év volt. Súlyos intraoperatív szövődményt nem tapasztaltunk. Fémelmozdulást négy betegnél észleltünk, a 12, illetve 53 nappal a műtét után kialakuló elmozdulás ismételt Nuss-műtéttel megoldható volt. Egy lemezt a 13. posztoperatív napon helyi septicus szövődmény miatt, egyet pedig 14 hónappal a műtét után sterilen bekövetkező jelentős dislocatio miatt távolítottunk el. Egy beteg fájdalom miatt kérte a fém kivételét. Egy, az arteria mammaria oldalágából származó intraoperatív vérzést VATS technikával, egy tüdősérülés okozta légmellet mellkasi drainage-zsal oldottunk meg. A rekonstrukció eredménye tartós, a betegek több mint 90%-a elégedett és panaszmentes. Az évek folyamán a műtéti időtartamunk és az ápolási idő csökkent. A Nuss-műtétek biztonsággal és jó hosszú távú eredménnyel alkalmazhatók fiatal felnőttek pectus excavatum korrekciójára. A rövid hospitalizáció, kisebb műtéti fájdalom, a minimálisan invazív műtét csökkent időtartama jelenti a beavatkozás előnyeit. Fokozottabb rizikót a 30 év feletti életkor és a megelőző mellkasfali korrekció jelent.
Breast conserving oncoplastic surgery in the treatment of centrally located malignant breast tumors
Authors: Mátrai Zoltán , Gulyás Gusztáv , Tóth László , Sávolt Ákos , Bidlek Mária , Szabó Éva , Pesthy Pál , Kunos Csaba , Bartal Alexandra , Kásler Miklós
Published: December 2010

Az összes emlőtumor 5–20%-a centrális elhelyezkedésű. Évtizedeken át, tradicionálisan ezen daganatok sebészi kezelése a mastectomiát jelentette. Az emlőbimbó nagy arányú tumoros érintettsége az emlőbimbó-komplexum radikális sebészi eltávolítását teszi szükségessé. Az onkoplasztikus sebészi technikák jól szelektált esetekben lehetővé teszik, hogy az emlőbimbóval együtt történő radikális centrális quadrantectomiát követően megfelelő esztétikai eredményt érjünk el. Közleményünkben összefoglaljuk a centrális tumorok emlőmegtartó műtéteinek indikációit, technikáit és eredményeit. Orv. Hetil., 151, 2105–2112.
Alterations in the mitotic index of Allium cepa induced by infusions of Pluchea sagittalis submitted to three different cultivation systems
Authors: Rossato Liana V. , Tedesco Solange B. , Laughinghouse IV Haywood D. , Farias Júlia G. , Nicoloso Fernando T.
Published: December 2010

We evaluated the antiproliferative effect of infusions from Pluchea sagittalis using the Allium cepa test. Infusions in three concentrations (2.5, 5, and 25 g dm-3) of leaves cultivated in three environments (in vitro, acclimatized growth chamber, and field) were used. Six onion bulbs were used for each of the eight treatments, and the mitotic index was obtained from 6000 cells per treatment. In conclusion, leaf infusions of P. sagittalis cultivated in the field have a high antiproliferative activity, as well as the cultivation system influences the antiproliferative potential.
New long-tailed pterosaurs (Wukongopteridae) from western Liaoning, China
Authors: Wang Xiaolin , Kellner Alexander W.A. , Jiang Shunxing , Cheng Xin , Meng Xi , Rodrigues Taissa
Published: December 2010

Two almost complete long-tailed pterosaurs from the Linglongta, Jianchang County, western Liaoning, China, are described and represent new taxa referred to the non-pterodactyloid clade Wukongopteridae. Kunpengopterus sinensis gen. et sp. nov. differs from other members of this clade mainly by the rounded posterior region of the skull, thick lacrimal process of the jugal and lack of a bony premaxillary crest. This species further shows a soft tissue crest above the frontal, a comparatively larger wing finger, and the proximal segment of the second pedal phalanx of the fifth toe shorter than in other wukongopterids. The second new species is referred to the genus Darwinopterus, D. linglongtaensis sp. nov. based on the posterior region of the skull. It further differs from other wukongopterid pterosaurs by the thin lacrimal process of the jugal, foramen on nasal process rounded, and by having the second pedal phalanx of the fifth toe less curved (115°). Several differences among the Wukongopteridae can be found in the dentition and the feet, suggesting that they might have occupied slightly different ecological niches. The long-tailed Changchengopterus pani is tentatively referred to this clade and new diagnosis for the wukongopterids Wukongopterus lii and Darwinopterus modularis is provided.
Cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica sob baixa dose de dobutamina na identificação do miocárdio viável
Authors: Moraes Renata Freire de , Meneghetti José Cláudio , Barroso Adelanir Antonio
Published: December 2010

OBJETIVO: Verificar se a cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica duoisotópica(99mTc-sestamibi/tálio-201), método de alta sensibilidade para identificação do músculo viável, tem sua especificidade aumentada com a inclusão de informações sobre reserva contrátil miocárdica obtidas simultaneamente através de gated SPECT na vigência de baixas doses de dobutamina de forma semelhante ao ecocardiograma. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudaram-se 260 segmentos miocárdicos de 13 pacientes com infarto do miocárdio, encaminhados para pesquisa de viabilidade antes do procedimento de revascularização. Avaliaram-se a integridade celular e a reserva contrátil pela cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica duoisotópica com imagens de repouso e redistribuição do tálio-201 e de estresse (99mTc-sestamibi gated SPECT), em condições basais e na vigência de baixas doses de dobutamina. A melhora do desempenho contrátil em controle cintilográfico pós-revascularização (99mTc-sestamibi gated SPECT) confirmava a presença de viabilidade. Para análise dos resultados quantificaram-se os parâmetros funcionais dos segmentos miocárdicos nas diferentes etapas do estudo, estratificando-os quanto à viabilidade para posterior comparação funcional pós-revascularização. RESULTADOS: No tratamento estatístico a análise do espessamento sistólico se destacou como parâmetro de avaliação da reserva contrátil miocárdica pelo método, mostrando tendência a incremento na especificidade (84%), demonstrando valores superiores aos da literatura. CONCLUSÃO: O método tende a apresentar contribuições efetivas na busca do miocárdio viável.
Enterografia por tomografia computadorizada: experiência inicial na avaliação das doenças do intestino delgado
Authors: Costa-Silva Luciana , Martins Tatiana , Passos Maria do Carmo Friche
Published: December 2010

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é demonstrar a importância da enterografia por tomografia computadorizada (entero-TC) e como este exame pode contribuir na elucidação diagnóstica e avaliação clínica de pacientes com doenças do intestino delgado. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva de 35 pacientes submetidos a entero-TC realizadas em aparelho multidetector de 16 canais, entre maio de 2008 e março de 2009. Utilizou-se meio de contraste iodado venoso e oral neutro (polietilenoglicol). As principais indicações foram avaliação de doença de Crohn, diarreia de origem indeterminada e suspeita de neoplasias. RESULTADOS: Houve boa correlação dos achados à entero-TC relacionados à atividade da doença em pacientes com doença de Crohn, quando comparados com dados clínicos, laboratoriais e endoscópicos. Em 15 casos identificaram-se alterações compatíveis com doença de Crohn, 9 deles sugerindo atividade. Dos pacientes com diarreia, o exame elucidou a maioria dos casos. Identificaram-se dois casos de tumor carcinoide. CONCLUSÃO: A entero-TC é método simples e eficaz para estudo das doenças inflamatórias/neoplásicas do intestino delgado, sobretudo na avaliação da doença de Crohn, indicando atividade da doença. Uma de suas principais vantagens é a possibilidade de avaliação de alterações mesentéricas e extraintestinais associadas.
Impacto das ações de vigilância sanitária no programa de controle de qualidade dos serviços de mamografia no Estado da Paraíba, no período de 1999 a 2003
Authors: Ramos Maria Magdala de Brito , Dimenstein Renato , Lederman Henrique Manoel
Published: December 2010

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto das ações de vigilância sanitária sobre a qualidade das imagens mamográficas no Estado da Paraíba. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Em 17 serviços de mamografia do Estado foi exigida pela Vigilância Sanitária a aplicação de testes de qualidade de acordo com a Portaria 453/98 do Ministério da Saúde. Foram utilizados simuladores específicos de mama para a avaliação da qualidade. Uma pontuação foi utilizada para classificar a qualidade de imagem de cada serviço. Considerou-se como critério mínimo e imprescindível o atendimento de uma pontuação 70% dos itens de qualidade. Entre os anos de 1999 e 2003 foi analisada a pontuação de qualidade de imagens desses serviços. Foi realizado um programa de educação de controle de qualidade de imagem pela Vigilância Sanitária da Paraíba. RESULTADOS: Os percentuais de serviços de mamografia que atingiram critério imprescindível de qualidade foram: 1999 (25%), 2000 (77%), 2001 (82%) e 2003 (81%). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos demonstram haver uma significativa evolução na qualidade das imagens diagnósticas produzidas pelos serviços de mamografia após a implantação de programas de controle de qualidade da imagem.
Peculiaridades da radioterapia em idosos
Authors: Chen Michael Jenwei , Nadalin Wladimir
Published: December 2010

É sabido que o envelhecimento da população do mundo durante o século XX e no início deste novo século constitui um desafio de primeira ordem para as nações, especialmente no campo socioeconômico. Um aspecto importante do envelhecimento populacional global é que, para grupos de idade mais avançada, a prevalência das doenças degenerativas também é maior, incluindo as doenças malignas. No universo de pacientes portadores de câncer, por outro lado, metade destes receberá radioterapia em algum momento de sua doença e suas características individuais podem influenciar, de alguma forma, o prognóstico, a indicação e as doses diárias de prescrição dos tratamentos. Neste contexto, a assistência à saúde do idoso portador de câncer deve ser vista como um importante desafio, principalmente devido a dois fatores: uma maior procura de tratamentos, em termos quantitativos, e características fisiológicas peculiares a esta população, que podem influenciar na tomada de decisões terapêuticas. Esta revisão propõe uma discussão sobre alguns aspectos relevantes tanto da fisiologia dos idosos, que pode influenciar o curso do tratamento irradiante, quanto de alguns avanços técnicos da radioterapia, que podem, por sua vez, beneficiar estes pacientes, oferecendo menor toxicidade e maior eficiência e rapidez, por exemplo.
Estudo preliminar do vermicomposto produzido a partir de lodo de esgoto doméstico e solo
Authors: Silva P. R. D , Landgraf M. D , Zozolotto T. C , Rezende M. O. O , Pelatti I
Published: December 2010

O lodo de esgoto doméstico é um resíduo gerado durante os processos de tratamento de esgoto, podendo ser estabilizado por diversos processos químicos, físicos e biológicos. O lodo de esgoto estabilizado (biossólido) não possui um destino final adequado e gera diversos problemas no sentido de sua disposição final. Dentre os muitos processos que visam à disposição do biossólido, destaca-se a reciclagem agrícola. A utilização da vermicompostagem como meio de estabilização do lodo de esgoto mostra-se como uma ferramenta útil na estabilização deste resíduo. O processo de vermicompostagem apresentou características físico-químicas satisfatórias para ser utilizado como técnica de estabilização do lodo de esgoto doméstico. O produto final apresentou potencial para ser utilizado na agricultura como fertilizante ou condicionador de solos.
Permeabilidade e autoindução magnética do níquel e da platina em função da temperatura
Authors: Garlipp Waldir , Cilense Mario
Published: December 2010

Efeito da temperatura sobre a autoindução magnética do níquel e da platina e a permeabilidade magnética do níquel, no intervalo de temperatura de 525K a 620K, confirma dados encontrados na literatura.
Monitoramento do corante pararosanilina em amostras biológicas
Authors: Silva Junior Humberto da , Freitas Gutto Raffyson Silva de , Néri Diogo Roberto Ferreira , Pereira Francisco Régis da Silva , Farias Robson Fernandes de , Pereira Francisco Claudece
Published: December 2010

O corante pararosanilina (P) é um pigmento que apresenta um relevante papel na análise de substâncias química e bactérias do tipo Gram positivo e negativo, além de outros microorganismos. Os ensaios potenciométricos de P mostraram que o corante é um ácido monoprótico e fraco (pKa= 8,78); enquanto a espectrofotometria permitiu estimar seu coeficiente de absortividade molar (ε) igual a 1,48x10(4) mol-1 cm-1 L. A curva analítica para a determinação de P apresenta linearidade entre 7,36x10-6 a 7,36x10-5 mol L-1 e a metodologia foi aplicação em amostras biológicas.
Análise de pesticidas organoclorados em óleos vegetais por cromatografia gasosa de alta resolução (HRGC)
Authors: Dias E. B. S , Vilela E. C , Lanças F. M
Published: December 2010

Os óleos vegetais comestíveis foram introduzidos na dieta humana em substituição as gorduras animais nas últimas décadas sendo amplamente consumidos em todo o mundo. O presente artigo descreve o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para análise de aldrin, dieldrin, endrin e endosulfan em óleos vegetais por cromatografia gasosa de alta resolução (HRGC) utilizando-se extração em fase sólida (SPE). As médias de recuperação dos pesticidas estiveram entre 70 e 110%[1].
Dinâmica inicial da composição florística de uma área restaurada na região do Pontal do Paranapanema, São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Rodrigues Elisangela Ronconi , Monteiro Reinaldo , Cullen Junior Laury
Published: December 2010

O Pontal do Paranapanema, extremo oeste do Estado de São Paulo, é marcado pela recente devastação florestal, e ações visando à recuperação de áreas onde outrora havia cobertura florestal tornam-se indispensáveis para a conservação da biodiversidade na região, principalmente quando se trata de áreas de Reserva Legal ou Preservação Permanente. Diante do exposto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a dinâmica inicial da composição florística em uma área de Reserva Legal restaurada. O trabalho foi realizado no assentamento Nova Esperança, Município de Euclides da Cunha Paulista, em uma área de 26,75 ha. O levantamento das espécies foi realizado pelo método de parcelas (16 parcelas de 20 x 30 m) em duas fases distintas do plantio, e as análises foram feitas utilizando-se o software Fitopac. Os resultados evidenciaram diminuição da biodiversidade pela alta mortalidade de espécies, levando à conclusão de que em projetos de restauração as intervenções são necessárias para a manutenção do plantio mesmo em sua fase inicial.
Desenvolvimento de um modelo experimental de hemodiálise em cães
Authors: Meneses Andre M.C , Caramori Jacqueline C.T , Brant João R.A.C , Gonçalves Raquel C , Souza Nazaré F. de , Moraes Carla C.G. de , Takahira Regina K , Barretti Pasqual
Published: December 2010

Com o objetivo de desenvolver um modelo de hemodiálise (HD) em cães, foram estudados 18 animais, sem raça definida, machos, clinicamente sadios, com peso corporal variando entre sete e 14 kg. O acesso vascular foi obtido através de implantação do cateter de duplo lúmen em veia jugular externa. As sessões de HD, em número de cinco por animal, com até três horas de duração, foram realizadas em hemodialisadora de sistema proporcional com ultrafiltração (UF) controlada, com solução dialisante padrão e tampão bicarbonato. A UF foi ajustada para HD isovolêmica, utilizou-se perfil de sódio, e para anticoagulação heparina sódica. Os animais foram mantidos anestesiados com cloridrato de levomepromazina e propofol. Foram avaliados dados hematológicos, bioquímicos, hemogasometria, pressão arterial sistêmica e tempo de coagulação ativado. Foi observada diminuição do número global de hemácias, volume globular, hemoglobina e leucócitos. Em relação aos exames bioquímicos, houve manutenção nos níveis de sódio sérico, e quanto à hemogasometria, a manutenção da SO2. A pressão arterial sistêmica manteve-se constante. Os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho permitiram concluir que foi possível o desenvolvimento do modelo proposto e mostrou que a HD em cães é um método viável e seguro, que poderá contribuir para o tratamento clínico da insuficiência renal nesta espécie.
Ultrastructural characterization of bovine umbilical cord blood cells
Authors: Rodrigues Gustavo C , Oliveira Lílian J , Monteiro Janaína M , Lima Ana R de , Gonçalez Patricia O , Hernandez-Blazquez Francisco J , Leiser Rudolf , Kfoury Jr José R
Published: December 2010

The umbilical cord blood (UCB) is an important source of pluripotent stem cells, which motivated researches on ontogeny and transplantation. The morphological characterization of umbilical cord cells is the first step to establish subsequent experiments on these areas. Although some information on humans can be found, no data on UCB is available for bovines. Therefore, this work is the first attempt to conduct an ultrastructural characterization of bovine umbilical cord blood. Blood was collected from the umbilical cord of twenty fetuses by punction of the umbilical vein. Samples were processed for whole leucocytes observation by centrifugation and the buffy coat was collected. Cells were washed and pelleted and prepared according to the standard protocol of the transmission electron microscopy. The presence of cells with morphologic characteristics compatible with the precursors from the erythrocytic, neutrophilic, eosinophilic, basophilic, and lymphocytic lineages was observed. Atypical cells with peculiar morphological features, strongly similar to apoptotic cells, were seen. Bovine neutrophils with three types of cytoplasmic granules were also found in the blood. The ultrastructural characteristics of observed bovine UCB cells where similar to those found in other species, suggesting that bovines could possibly constitute an experimental model for approaches on UCB cells research.
Nietzsche e a construção messiânica do wagnerianismo
Authors: Britto Fabiano de Lemos
Published: December 2010

A história da relação equívoca entre Nietzsche e Wagner revela as dimensões de sua frágil tensão, se considerada segundo os elementos com base nos quais ambos conceberam o problema da cultura e sua renovação como missão política e teórica. O presente artigo pretende, a partir da leitura de documentos testemunhais, sublinhar a distância ideológica que o filólogo e o compositor, estrategicamente, tiveram de ignorar. Mostram-se, através desta análise, as diferenças normalmente pouco abordadas entre os projetos de reforma da cultura elaborados pelos dois autores - tanto no que se refere à atuação política, quanto no que diz respeito a uma visão de mundo.
O mesmo, os outros e o "eles" algumas notas sobre os §§ 25-27 de Sein und Zeit
Authors: Marques Vasco Baptista
Published: December 2010

As palavras que se seguem constituem uma tentativa de explorar os diversos sentidos que revestem a figura do «com» [mit], tal como surge configurada ao longo dos §§ 25-27 de Sein und Zeit. Escutaremos atentamente aquilo que Heidegger tem a dizer a respeito da necessária determinação do ser-no-mundo [in-der-Welt-sein] como ser-com [Mitsein] e veremos, depois, em que medida a sua analítica existencial faz (ou não) depender a constituição do ser-si-mesmo [Selbstsein] da figura do outro. Por último, e em jeito de conclusão, tentaremos mostrar como Heidegger articula a interrogação pela ipseidade ou pelo «quem?» [Wer?] do ser-aí quotidiano [alltägliche Dasein], com uma breve reflexão acerca da inautenticidade [Uneigentlichkeit] fáctica em que o mesmo muitas vezes parece soçobrar. Será então, estamos em crer, o momento apropriado para debatermos o significado da controversa noção heideggeriana de «eles» [das Man], aproveitando também o ensejo para lançarmos a questão relativa à responsabilidade (ética?) do Dasein. Metodologicamente, contornaremos (sempre que possível) os tradicionais comentários a respeito das infinitas modalidades alternativas de tradução do jargão filosófico heideggeriano.
Doses de nitrogênio e molibdênio no rendimento e teor de micronutrientes em alface americana
Authors: Resende Geraldo M de , Alvarenga Marco Antônio R , Yuri Jony E , Souza Rovilson José de
Published: December 2010

O trabalho foi conduzido no município de Três Pontas, Sul de Minas Gerais, de outubro a dezembro de 2002, com o objetivo de avaliar a influência de doses de nitrogênio (N) e molibdênio (Mo) no rendimento e teor de micronutrientes da alface americana. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados em arranjo fatorial 4 x 5, compreendendo quatro doses de N (0, 60, 120 e 180 kg ha-1) em cobertura adicionais à dose aplicada pelo produtor de 60 kg ha-1 e cinco doses de Mo via foliar (0,0; 35,1; 70,2; 105,3 e 140,4 g ha-1) com três repetições. O maior rendimento de massa fresca comercial foi obtido com a dose de 89,1 kg ha-1 de N em cobertura e 94,2 g ha-1 de Mo. Os resultados indicaram incremento nos teores de boro, zinco, ferro e manganês com o aumento das doses de N e Mo. Em relação ao teor de cobre verificou-se efeito significativo da interação N x Mo, evidenciando para a maior dose de Mo (140,4 g ha-1) uma redução linear com o aumento das doses de N.
Produtividade e qualidade de tomates Santa Cruz e Italiano em função do raleio de frutos
Authors: Shirahige Fernando H , Melo Arlete MT de , Purquerio Luis Felipe V , Carvalho Cássia Regina L , Melo Paulo César T de
Published: December 2010

O manejo do tomateiro cultivado em ambiente protegido, com ênfase no raleio de frutos, pode contribuir de forma significativa para a produção de frutos de qualidade superior, expressando assim o potencial de cada cultivar. Foi avaliado o efeito do raleio de frutos na produtividade e seus componentes e em alguns atributos de qualidade de frutos de genótipos de tomateiro dos segmentos Santa Cruz e Italiano de crescimento indeterminado, visando ao consumo in natura. Avaliaram-se 12 genótipos de tomate de mesa (seis híbridos experimentais e seis cultivares) e dois modos de condução (plantas conduzidas com e sem raleio de frutos). O experimento foi com parcelas subdivididas, distribuídas em blocos completos ao acaso com três repetições. As parcelas foram representadas pelos genótipos e as subparcelas pelos modos de condução. Avaliaram-se o número de frutos por planta, produtividade comercial de frutos, produtividade de frutos não-comercializáveis, massa média do fruto, comprimento e largura do fruto, pH, teor de sólidos solúveis totais (SS), acidez titulável (AT), relação entre SS e AT, teor de ácido ascórbico e teor de licopeno. O raleio dos frutos proporcionou incremento da produtividade comercial, massa média, comprimento e largura do fruto para os híbridos THX-02 e THX-03, do segmento Santa Cruz, e THX-04, THX-05 e Netuno, do segmento Italiano e não mostrou vantagens para a produção e seus componentes para os demais genótipos e características avaliadas. Considerando o raleio de frutos, os genótipos Giuliana e Sahel obtiveram maior produtividade comercial e massa média do fruto. Sem o raleio de frutos, 'Netuno' alcançou maior número de frutos por planta, porém, o híbrido Sahel foi quem se destacou por apresentar maior produtividade comercial e massa média do fruto. O raleio não influenciou a qualidade organoléptica dos genótipos avaliados. 'Avalon' apresentou maior teor de ácido ascórbico que 'Netuno' e 'Sahel'. 'Débora Max', THX-01, THX-02 e THX-04 foram semelhantes entre si quanto ao teor de licopeno e superaram 'Giuliana', 'Sahel', THX-03 e THX-06.