bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Physical Activity with Pattern and Outcomes of Menstrual Cycle among Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Ahmed Aashi , Sajid Haim , Ateeq Arfa , Ali Eiman , Samad Abid Abdul , Khan Faiza
Published: November 2021

Background: Menstrual cycle is affected by a number of factors either positively or negatively. Disturbed menstrual cycle impacts physical, mental and social well being of women. Physical activity and exercise affect pattern of menstrual cycle depending upon its intensity. Aim: To explore the relationship of physical activity and pattern of menstrual cycle particularly dysmenorrhea and its impact on absenteeism. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Community Medicine, HITEC-IMS Taxila from 1st March to 31st August 2020. Methodology: One hundred and six randomly selected female undergraduate medical students of 1st to 4th year. A self-reported structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results: Mean age of respondents was 21.1+1.6 years. Body mass index of 47.2% respondents was normal, 26.4% were overweight and 15.1% were obese. Menstrual flow was reported light by 11.3% respondents, 74.5% had moderate and 14.2% had heavy menstrual flow. Dysmenorrhea was reported by 85% respondents, 13% had mild, 14% had moderate and 33% had severe pain during menstruation. Absenteeism was reported by 28.3% participants and was found to be associated with dysmenorrhea. Statistically significant (p<.05) association was found between physical activity and dysmenorrhea. Conclusion: Abnormalities of menstrual cycle among medical students can affect their physical well-being leading to class absenteeism. Regular and continuous physical activity can be of a great effect in improving menstrual pain and related problems. Keywords: Menstrual cycle, Dysmenorrhea, Physical activity, Undergraduate medical students
Effectiveness of Rotational Thormboelastometry Algorithm Guided Transfusion Practice in Living Donor Liver
Authors: Latif Amer , Rana M. Asim , Ashraf Shahzad , Bhatti M. Afzal , Javed Muhammad , Zartash Saba , Lashari A. Ali , Hafeez M. Mansoor
Published: November 2021

Background: Liver transplantation is a complicated surgical procedure that involves many complexities such as bleeding and the risk of transfusing blood components. Aim: To investigate the effect of the Rotational Thormboelastometry (ROTEM) algorithm-based blood or blood product transfusion, in clinical outcome of living donor liver transplant (LDLT) patients. Study design: Retrospective study Place and duration of the study: Bahria Town international hospital Lahore from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2020. Methodology: Sixty patients of living donor liver transplant were enrolled. They were then divided into two groups as per the approved transfusion protocol. The first group named pre-ROTEM and the second was ROTEM group. Initial biochemical features, blood transfusion and patient outcomes were documented. Results: The need for large-scale blood transfusion and transfusion-related products were statistically less in ROTEM group as compared to the pre-ROTEM group. Conclusion: The ROTEM-based algorithms can be used effectively to reduce transfusion of blood components and may increase the chances of early transplant functioning. Keywords: ROTEM algorithm, Blood transfusion, Liver transplant, ASA guideline, Thromboelastogram, TEG
Comparison of Hemodynamics Effect between Phenylephrine and Ephedrine in Caesarean Section after Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Nazir Nadir , Ahmed Khan Mujeeb , Faisal Mr. , Jamil Arsalan , Nasir Zaid Bin , Baloch Adnan Ali
Published: November 2021

Aim: To compare the frequency of hypotension between phenylephrine and ephedrine groups after spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Study design: Single-blind randomized clinical study Place and duration of study: Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Surgical ICU Civil Hospital, Karachi from 1st January 2019 to 30th June 2019. Methodology: All patients with age between 18 to 35 years having weight range 50kg to70kg with American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) physical classification of I and II with Singleton Pregnancy assessed on ultrasound and gestational age 37 to 42 weeks assessed on previous dating scan were enrolled. Results: The mean age was 26.48±3.05 years, mean weight was 60.07±5.10 Kg, mean height 1.53±0.05m and mean BMI was 27.37±5.01 Kg/m2 respectively. Hypotension was found in 13(17.10%) patients. Comparison of hypotension with pehenylephrine and ephedrine shows that frequency of hypotension was found lower (15.4%) in patients who used pehenylephrine as compared to the patients who used ephiderine (p=0.006). Conclusion: Significant difference was observed in hypotension between phenylephrine and ephedrine groups after spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Keywords: Hypotension, cesarean delivery, phenylephrine and ephedrine groups, spinal anesthesia
Functional Outcome of Closed Metacarpal Fractures Treated with Mini Fragment Plates and Screws
Authors: Shakoor Nouraiz , Ahmed Umair , Ali Nawazish Usama , Riaz Ansari Hisbullah , Saddiq Sadaf , Aziz Amer
Published: November 2021

Aim: To assess the functional outcome after metacarpal fracture fixation with mini fragment plates. Study design: Prospective cohort study Place and duration of study: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, GTTH, Lahore from 01-01-2015 to 31-07-2020. Methodology: Sixteen patients who were operated with mini fragment plates for metacarpal fractures. Functional outcome was evaluated with help of American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH) Total Active Flexion (TAF) score and the disabilities of the arm, shoulder. Results: Union was achieved in all patients. The functional outcome was excellent in 13 and good in 2 and poor in 1. Three cases of infection (all superficial) were noted, which settled with dressings and antibiotics. Conclusion: Mini fragment plates for metacarpals fractures are a good option, providing early mobilization and excellent functional outcome. Keywords: Functional outcome, Metacarpal fracture, Mini fragment plat, Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF)
Post Discharge Outcome of COVID 19 Cases Reported from Pakistan
Authors: Ishaque Sadia , Syed Beenish , Akhter Saima , Safeer Talha , Mansoor Yousra , Khawaja Shahroz , Kashif Mursala , Durrani Noureen
Published: November 2021

Aim: To characterize the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients following discharge from the hospital. Study design: Prospective cohort study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Infectious Diseases, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi from 1st May to 31st August 2020. Methodology: Ninety six patients were included, age over 23 years and had a confirmed COVID-19 on PCR. At the time of admission and on discharge, in-hospital data were recorded. The demographic information, symptoms, complete blood count, inflammatory markers, and chest X-ray noted. Results: Diabetes (50%) and Ischemic heart disease (50%) were the most frequent comorbidities. The majority of patients (75%) improved their X-ray findings after being discharged from the hospital. At the time of discharge, 75% of the patients expressed fatigue; none of the patients developed a fever. There was a substantial significant difference in tiredness reported at discharge and in the fourth week. Significant variations in shortness of breath and oxygen consumption were also found between tiredness indicated at discharge and the fourth week. The majority of lab values were within normal limits. Conclusion: Most patients gradually improved after receiving appropriate treatment and supportive care in the hospital and later at home. The most prevalent and prolonged symptom reported by most patients was fatigue. By the fourth week, most symptoms had ameliorated significantly. Keywords: SARS-CoV2, Clinical outcome, Fatigue, COVID-19 follow-up
Practices of Skilled Birth Attendants about AMTSL in Prevention of Post-Partum Haemorrhage: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Zia Tabassam , Saggu Yasmin , . Zarnigar , Perveen Tahira , Riaz Saima , Laique Talha
Published: November 2021

Aim: To assess the practices of SBAs about AMTSL working in labour room at tertiary level of care in-order to minimize the accidence of PPH. Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Methodology: This study with enrolled SBAs (n=120) was done following ethical review committee’s (ERC) approval at Government tertiary care hospitals of the Lahore-Pakistan. For data collection a WHO standardized check list as a questionnaire was used to assess the practices of SBAs. Results: Results showed that there were gaps in competencies of SBAs about AMTSL working in labour room. Most of the steps that are S1, S3, S4, S8, S12, S13, S14 and S15 were not done by the majority of the SBA working in labour room. Almost 12 (10%) out of 120 SBAs just got 60% and above marks, 100 (83.3%) out of 120 got marks between40 to 59% and only 8 (6.7%) got less than 40% marks. Conclusion: We concluded that SBAs had unsatisfactory knowledge about standardized check list of AMTSL by WHO and their practices were not according to standard. Keywords: Skilled Birth Attendants, Labour Stages, Post-partum Haemorrhage and Practices.
Kinesiophobia and Outcomes of Lower Extremity Exercise Regime in Subjects with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Case Series
Authors: Fatima Inayat , Hassan Danish , Perveen Wajida , Amanat Ali Misbah , Bhatti Zahid Mehmood , Ashraf Anam
Published: November 2021

Aim: To estimate the effectiveness of lower limb exercise regime in subjects with knee osteoarthritis in terms of Kinesiophobia. Methodology: This was a case series, conducted in the Physiotherapy Department Health Centre University of the Punjab Lahore after ethical approval from June 2018 to February 2019 on 44 patients with knee Osteoarthritis. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to enroll the participants according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Lower limb exercise regime was applied for eight weeks, thrice a week. TAMPA scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), KOOS and 6 min walk test (6MWT) were used to measure the outcomes. Paired sample T test was applied to find the difference before and after LLEP. Statistical significance was set at P= 0.05 Results: Mean age of the participants was 52±6.54 years ranging from 41-65 years. The mean difference in pre and post treatment KOOS Score was 15.13±12.38 (P=.000), 14.34±7.97 (P=.000) for TAMPA Score and 196.00±94.01 (P=.000) for 6 Mint walk distance. Conclusion: Lower limb exercise program is found effective in the management of knee osteoarthritis. Subjects undergoing in 8 weeks lower limb exercise program showed improvement in KOOS Score, reduction in TAMPA Score, and improvement in 6 mint walk distance. Keywords: Knee Osteoarthritis, Kinesiophobia, TAMPA, knee osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS), Lower limb exercise regime,
Efficacy of Methylprednisolone With DexamethasoneiIn patients With Severe Covid Pneumonia
Authors: Aslam Javaria , Masroor Momina , Ahmad Sami , Hussain Wajahat , Mansoor Hurria , Khan Laraib
Published: November 2021

Aim: Efficacy of Methylprednisolone with Dexamethasone in patients with severe COVID pneumonia in term of clinical and biochemical improvement. Methodology: Cross Sectional analytical study conducted among COVID-19 patients admitted in HDU of Sir Sadiq Hospital, Bahawalpur from May, 2021 to June 2021 after taking approval from institutional ethical committee. 82 patients were included in this study after taking informed consent. Patients were divided into two groups A and B i.e. I/V methyl prednisolone and I/V dexamethasone respectively. Each group was containing 41 patients. Primary outcome was measured in terms of decrease or increase in oxygen demand leading to discharge or shifting to Intensive Care Unit. CRP levels were also measured to assess biochemical improvement. Results: 31 (75.6%) patients from group A and 22(53.7%) from group B were improved and discharged and difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Number of patients shifted to ICU were 10(24.4%) and 19(46.3%) from A and B groups respectively. Conclusion: In terms of clinical and biochemical response methylprednisolone outperforms dexamethasone. Keywords: Methylprednisolone, Dexamethasone, COVID pneumonia,
Rehabilitation methods of balance, flexibility and motor performance in the disabled physico_motor, younge man
Authors: Shafaei Hassan , Ткаченко Светлана
Published: November 2021

The main purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of Tai-Chi and Chi-Kong exercises on the static and dynamic balance, flexibility and motor performance of male disabled regarding to their motor-physical actions. About 30 people of the motor-physical disabled of Tabriz City Rehabilitation clinic had been voluntarily participated in this study. These disabled were divided into two equal groups of experimental group (15 people) including the mean, deviation, age 52.68 years old and weight 74.43kg and height 170.27cm and the second 15 ones group as control group including the mean age 26 years old, weight 75kg and height 172.2cm in this study. The statistic balance and dynamic balance, flexibility (seating and press test) and motor performance (UPDRS test) as well as former samples and after eight-week exercises were all analyzed. Dependent t was applied to compare the inter-group evaluation and t-independent was also used in order to compare the intra-group cases (p < 0.05). The results after eight week showed that the significant recovery exercise could be concluded that the statistic and dynamic balances, flexibility and motor performance of disabled were also observed significantly (p < 0.05). Based on the results of the present study, the exercises of Tai-Chi and Chi-Kong could increase the static and dynamic balances, flexibility and motor performance as well as muscular strength and power of all disabled. Hence, it was also recommended all disabled to apply the related process potentially. Key words: exercises of Tai-Chi and Chi-Kong, rehabilitation, balance, flexibility, motor performance
The Challenges Faced by Pharm.D Students in Online Learning due to Covid-19 Pandemic and its Impact on their Mental Health in the Northern Border Region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: A Alshammari Anwar , M Alshammari Abdulrahman , Alotaibi Nawaf M. , Mujtaba MD Ali , Alam MD Tauquir
Published: November 2021

Objective: The purpose of the survey was to gather information from students on their learning preferences prior to the COVID-19 outbreak, barriers to online education during the pandemic, and the mental and psychological effects of COVID-19 on students. Method: Applying Google Forms, a cross-sectional pharmacy student-targeted online questionnaire designed to develop. In order to ensure that only pharmacy students responded, an introductory opening inquiry of the program name used to select out non-pharmacy students. Following that, these few demographic questions are asked to the participant's present institution and program year in which the participants currently in. Results: A total 260 pharmacy students received the survey, out of total 186 replies were received from professional pharmacy students, resulting in a response rate of around 71.5%. Almost half of the students (94%) chose traditional face-to-face training, while 32.8% preferred a combination of online and face-to-face instruction, and only 16.7% liked online instruction alone. The difficulties to online education during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak show that, Issues with in-person communication (23.7%), pandemic-related anxiety and stress (22%), time management (19.9%), experience in online education (16.7%). The majority of respondents (87%) intended to incorporate online knowledge gained during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak into their teaching/learning techniques. During the COVID-19 epidemic, we discovered that practically all students were plagued by symptoms of sadness, anxiety, tension, and poor sleep quality, with the majority suffering from significant depression (31.2 %). Conclusion: This study concludes that most of the students are in favor of incorporation and applications of online learning experiences in teaching/learning practices garnered during pandemic. Furthermore, the majority of students had changed their behavior as a result of coronavirus, while nearly half of those polled experiencing an increase in anxiety and tension. Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, online learning, mental health, Pharm.D students, Pharmacy education, face to face learning.
ALTA PRODUTIVIDADE E A RELAÇÃO COM A SÍNDROME DE BURNOUT
Authors: Abreu Rodrigues Fabiano de
Published: November 2021

A Síndrome de Burnout ou síndrome do esgotamento profissional, é caracterizada pelo excesso crônico de estresse ocupacional que leva ao cansaço emocional e físico, influenciando na redução da capacidade do indivíduo. A alta produtividade no trabalho é algo comum nos dias de hoje, as pessoas querem produzir mais, de maneira rápida, sabendo administrar melhor o seu tempo de modo que não se cansem muito e sejam práticos. O objetivo do estudo é compreender a diferença entre um indivíduo produtivo e aquele com a síndrome de Burnout, a partir da revisão de literatura, realizada por meio das seguintes bases de dados: SciELO, PubMed PsycINFO e Science Direct.
Calidad del sueño, síntomas depresivos y de ansiedad durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 en Argentina
Authors: Valiensi Stella M. , Folgueira Agustín L. , Garay Arturo D. C.
Published: November 2021

En Argentina el confinamiento por la pandemia ocasionada por COVID-19 produjo muchos cambios. Objetivo: evaluar calidad de sueño, trastornos de ansiedad, y depresión en personas adultas. Sujetos y métodos: mediante una encuesta anónima distribuida en el país a través de la web que fue completada por 2594 personas (69% mujeres, 32% hombres). El 30% refirió trabajar en el ámbito de la salud. Se analizó información demográfica, calidad y otras variables de sueño, síntomas depresivos y ansiedad. Resultados: la prevalencia de malos dormidores, síntomas depresivos y ansiedad fueron de 53%, 21,1% y 43,8% respectivamente. Los mayores de 65 años. mostraron una predilección mayor en acostarse antes y menor latencia de inicio de sueño. La regresión logística multivariada mostró que la edad <55 años y ser mujer se asoció a ansiedad y ser mal dormidor. Dormir más de 10 horas, acostarse más tarde, ser mal dormidor y ansiedad, se asoció con síntomas depresivos. Ser trabajador sanitario se asoció con tener mayor ansiedad. Conclusiones: identificamos prevalencia en mala calidad de sueño, ansiedad y depresión durante la pandemia. Más de la mitad de la población evaluada resultaron ser malos dormidores y presentaron puntajes elevados de síntomas relacionados con ansiedad y depresión. Adicionalmente los trabajadores sanitarios presentaron mayor ansiedad que el resto.
Dryad: Interview with Jen Gibson
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: November 2021

In October Jen Gibson started as the new Executive Director for the Dryad Data Repository. I used the opportunity to ask Jen a few questions about Dryad, challenges with data sharing, and ideas about moving Dryad forward. I was particularly interested in the interview as I served on the Dryad Board of Directors from 2013 to 2016.
ARZARA: Augmented reality app to try watch on your wrist
Authors:   Information Technology Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Engg,New Delhi, India, admin admin ,   Information Technology Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Engg,New Delhi, India,   Information Technology Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Engg,New Delhi, India,   Information Technology Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Engg,New Delhi, india, Pahwa Monil , Gupta Prayant , Kaur Surinder
Published: November 2021

Whenever we visit a showroom to buy a watch, we are unable to try all color variants of watches due to unavailability and also if a watch is tried by too many customers it loses its shine and finishing. We tried to overcome this problem by our Augmented reality app called “Arzara”. This Augmented reality app lets customers see how a particular watch model looks on their hand without physically trying the watch. It will not only prevent degradation of polish of watches due to repeated wear by different customers at offline stores but also this new Augmented Reality watch app will make online watch shopping take off. It will make it easier for customers to make decisions and purchase watches.
Image Caption Generation and Comprehensive Comparison of Image Encoders
Authors:   Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Engineering, New Delhi, India, Gupta Shitiz ,   Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Engineering, New Delhi, India,   Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Engineering, New Delhi, India,   Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Engineering, New Delhi, India,   College of computer engineering and sciences, Prince Sattam bin abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia,   Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Engineering, New Delhi, India, Agnihotri Shubham , Birla Deepasha , Jain Achin , Vaiyapuri Thavavel , Lamba Puneet Singh
Published: November 2021

Image caption generation is a stimulating multimodal task. Substantial advancements have been made in thefield of deep learning notably in computer vision and natural language processing. Yet, human-generated captions are still considered better, which makes it a challenging application for interactive machine learning. In this paper, we aim to compare different transfer learning techniques and develop a novel architecture to improve image captioning accuracy. We compute image feature vectors using different state-of-the-art transferlearning models which are fed into an Encoder-Decoder network based on Stacked LSTMs with soft attention,along with embedded text to generate high accuracy captions. We have compared these models on severalbenchmark datasets based on different evaluation metrics like BLEU and METEOR.
Design of Effective Lossless Data Compression Technique for Multiple Genomic DNA Sequences
Authors:   Software Engineering and IT Department, Ecole de technologie superieure, Montreal (Qc), Canada, Alosta Mahmud ,   Department of Computer Engineering, Halil University, Beyoglu, Istanbul, Turkey, Souri Alireza
Published: November 2021

In recent years, a massive amount of genomic DNA sequences are being created which leads to the development of new storing and archiving methods. There is a major challenge to process, store or transmit the huge volume of DNA sequences data. To lessen the number of bits needed to store and transmit data, data compression (DC) techniques are proposed. Recently, DC becomes more popular, and large number of techniques is proposed with applications in several domains. In this paper, a lossless compression technique named Arithmetic coding is employed to compress DNA sequences. In order to validate the performance of the proposed model, the artificial genome dataset is used and the results are investigated interms of different evaluation parameters. Experiments were performed on artificial datasets and the compression performance of Arithmetic coding is compared to Huffman coding, LZW coding, and LZMA techniques. From simulation results, it is clear that the Arithmetic coding achieves significantly better compression with a compression ratio of 0.261 at the bit rate of 2.16 bpc.
The Power of Perspective. Discrimination Against Men
Authors: Véber Virág
Published: November 2021

Despite their conscious beliefs, values, and attitudes, people often have prejudices that influence their behaviour — such as gender bias. In my study, I point out that not only women are affected by gender bias, but men are as well, by the binary gender perspective: an important aspect of eliminating discrimination against women is that we need to address male bias as well. In my paper, I rely primarily on the concept of stereotype threat and Stacey Goguen’s thoughts. I point out that by prescribing hostile and benevolent sexism to traditional roles for both men and women, both will be problematic in the fight against discrimination. I examine stereotypes about men and their implications for men’s self-image as well as gender in general.

It is important to see the system of gender value judgments and inequalities as affecting men as well. The gender problem should be seen in the social context of society as a whole; a change of perspective is important to have and an integrated solution should be found. Feminism will not succeed if it fights exclusively for the equality of and the elimination of prejudice against women.
Halál és halhatatlanság a Phaidónban
Authors: Héthelyi Máté
Published: November 2021

Tanulmányomban Platón Phaidónjának egy részletét (105e6–107b10) tárgyalom, melyben Szókratész abból, hogy bebizonyította a lélek halhatatlanságát, arra következtet, hogy a lélek elpusztíthatatlan. Az érvet több szerző is hibásnak tekinti a Platón-szakirodalomban – például Taylor, Bostock –, ugyanis abból, hogy valami halhatatlan, nem feltétlenül következik, hogy egyben elpusztíthatatlan is. Ezzel szemben amellett érvelek, hogy a Phaidón korábbi részeiben a halállal és halhatatlansággal kapcsolatban elfogadott premisszák lehetővé teszik, hogy a lélek halhatatlanságából rögtön elpusztíthatatlanságára következtethessünk, aminek fontos előfeltevése, hogy a halált és halhatatlanságot Szókratész itt sokkal szélesebb, metafizikai kontextusban fogja fel, mint ahogy az első pillantásra látszik.
Daughter ~ Maiden ~ Maidservant: Dynamics of Semantic Shift from Continental Celtic to Insular Celtic Vocabulary
Authors: Mikhailova Tatyana
Published: November 2021

The old Indo-European word for ‘daughter’ (*dhugH [Szemerenyi 1977: 21] or *dhuĝ(h₂)-tḗr [Mallory, Adams 2006: 472]) survives in all major branches of daughter-languages except Albanian, Italian (but cf. Osc. futír?) and Insular Celtic. OI der ‘daughter, girl’ and der- in compound names represents a reduced form of old I.-E. word [O’Brien 1956: 178], “an allegro-form” [Matasović 2009: 110]. Continental Celtic has a well-known Gaulish duxtir (Larzac tablet) and Celtiberian TuaTe[r]es/TuaTeros (Bottorita inscription II) supposed to have the same old I.-E. meaning ‘daughter’ (?, cf. ‘jeune fille initiée’ [Lejeune 1985: 133], cf. also [Sims-Williams 2007: 3]). At the same time, another I.-E. term for ‘girl, woman’ is also attested and even widely used in Gaulish: *ġenh₁ ‘bear, generate’ [IEW: 373 ff.] > Gaul. geneta, genata, gneta, nata [Delamarre 2003: 177, 181] with supposed meaning ‘young girl, young woman, servant (?)’. Cf. also Osc. genetaí ‘daughter’. Insular Celtic conserved this I.-E. root in W. geneth ‘girl’ (with merch ‘daughter’), OI gen ‘woman, girl’ (a rare word of glossaries, see DIL: gen-2) and OI ingen ‘1.girl; 2.daughter’ (ousted in MI by cailín in this first meaning).

The loss of I.-E. word of ‘daughter’ both in British and Goidelic could be explained by the special institute of fosterage existing in Early Ireland and Wales (cf. OI aite and muimme ‘foster-father’ and ‘foster-mother’, “intimate forms have been transferred to the fosterparents” [Kelly 1988: 86] and the use of dalta ‘foster-child’ with the meaning ‘daughter’ in Modern Irish dialects). But we suppose, this loss of I.-E. kinship term represents a part of so called “linguistic revolution” of Insular Celtic languages in early centuries AD, a “revolution” provoked by some social changes. The semantic shift ‘girl’ — ‘daughter’ — ‘servant’ (as well as ‘boy’ — ‘son’ — ‘servant’) represents a universalia (or frequentalia), attested in many languages (cf. [Zalizniak 2008]). Cf. Czech dĕvice, Paul. dziewa ‘girl’, but Luj. dźowka ‘daughter’ and Czech naše holka ‘our girl = daughter’; Russ. devochka ‘girl’ used in the meaning ‘daughter’ and, at the same time, dochka ‘daughter’ used in the meaning ‘girl’ in popular speech. The semantic development in this case is not ‘evolutional’ but of two-way one, or bilateral, that is: ‘girl’ ↔ ‘daughter’ (and ↔ ‘servant’). Cf. the etymology of I.-E. *dhuĝ(h₂)-tḗr proposed (with some doubt) by J.Mallory: from *dhug- ‘meal’, ‘the person who prepares the meals’ [Mallory and Adams 1997: 148]. Servant again! Cf. also Russ. rab ‘slave’ and rebenok ‘child’.
Celtic Military Equipment from the Territory of Ukraine: Towards a New Warrior Identity in the Pre-Roman Eastern Europe
Authors: Kazakevich Gennadiy
Published: November 2021

The lands of present day Ukraine are stretched across the distinct periphery of the ‘Celtic world’. From the midfirst millennium BC the cultural background of this part of Eastern Europe was defined mainly by the Scythian culture of North Pontic steppes as well as by Hellenistic influences from the Greek colonies of the Black sea littoral zone and the kingdom of Bospor in the Crimea. However, starting from the early third century BC, the influence of the Central European La Tène culture extended to a much degree. This process was traditionally viewed as a result of either Celtic invasion (Machinskij 1974) or indirect trade contacts with the La Tène zone of Central Europe (Maksymov 1999).

Currently both ‘migration-focused’ and ‘autochthon-based’ approaches seem to be out of date. In recent studies, the Latènisation of Southern and Eastern Europe is interpreted as a culture-restructuring process affecting indigenous communities similar in many aspects to the Hellenisation of the Mediterranean region (see Džino 2007). The adaptation of La Tène cultural aesthetics and technical achievements, as well as Celtic linguistic elements caused the emergence of new ways of expressing identity. However, in some cases the traditional colonization paradigm still cannot be totally rejected. The aim of this paper is to show the finds of Celtic and related military equipment from the territory of Ukraine in the broad context of ‘Latènisation’ of Eastern Europe in the third–first centuries BC period.
Payment for Environmental Services for Waste Pickers: Systematic Literature Mapping
Authors: Silva Pollyana Ferreira da , Besen Gina Rizpah , Ribeiro Helena
Published: November 2021

In Payment for Environmental Services (PES) systems, environmental service providers receive compensation for a conservationist action that implies the preservation of natural resources. The objective of this systematic mapping was to identify and discuss scientific articles that address the theme 'Payment for Environmental Services - PES for Waste Pickers Organizations', to understand the state of art of hiring these workers as environmental service providers. The study was developed using the method of systematic mapping of literature, from 2009 to 2019, considering qualitative and quantitative aspects. Results indicated that the countries that most investigate this theme are Brazil, China, India, and Indonesia. The articles portray the informal work of waste pickers, working conditions and the transition from informal systems to waste management in public services. The relationship between payment for environmental services and the work of waste pickers is not yet evident. Furthermore, research on PES and recycling are developed along distinct lines, without interdisciplinarity. However, PES shows itself as an important socio-environmental management tool that has the potential to solve relevant problems of recyclable waste management, because it presents congruent characteristics with the public procurement systems for waste pickers.
Effects of Artificial Aging on Seed Vigor and Physiological Characteristics of the Invasive Alien Plant Aegilops tauschii
Authors: Wang Ning , Yuan Meili , Chen Hao
Published: November 2021

The control of invasive plants depends to some extent on the persistence of the soil seed bank. The high temperature (40 °C) accompanied with high humidity (95%) method was used to treat the seeds of the invasive species
Aegilops tauschii
Coss. The aim of our study was to evaluate the seed vigor and longevity by accelerating aging, to serve as a reference for the evaluation of invasion potential of
A. tauschii
and corresponding eradication strategy adoption. The results showed that with the extension of aging time, the germination rate (GR), energy (GE), and index (GI) of
A. tauschii
seeds reduced. All the results were significantly different from the control (CK) since the second day (
p
< 0.05). During the aging process, the seed relative water content (RWC), relative electric conductivity (REC), and thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) level increased, while the superoxide dismutase (SOD) gradually decreased after second day of seed aging. In addition, the aging treatment also caused a continuous decrease in the endogenous gibberellin (GA
3
) content and a continuous increase in the abscisic acid (ABA) content of the seeds. Thus, a sharp decrease in the GA
3
/ABA ratio was evident. Finally, the study revealed that the germination inhibitors of
A. tauschii
were mainly concentrated in the glumes, which was revealed during seed aging. The results of the comprehensive analysis indicated that the changes of the above-mentioned internal factors eventually led to a rapid decline of the seed vigor of
A. tauschii
. Based on the results of the aging test, and the distribution characteristics of
A. tauschii
seeds in the soil seed banks, we recommend that soil solarization is one of the effective methods to eradicate the seed bank of
A. tauschii
.
Synthesis of silymarin−selenium nanoparticle conjugate and examination of its biological activity in vitro
Authors: Staroverov Sergey , Kozlov Sergey , Fomin Alexander , Gabalov Konstantin , Khanadeev Vitaliy , Soldatov Dmitry , Domnitsky Ivan , Dykman Lev , Akchurin Sergey V. , Guliy Olga
Published: November 2021

Silymarin (Sil) was conjugated to selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) to increase Sil bioavailability. The conjugates were monodisperse; the average diameter of the native SeNPs was ~ 20-50 ± 1.5 nm, whereas that of the conjugates was 30-50 ± 0.5 nm. The use of SeNPs to increase the bioavailability of Syl was examined with the MH-22a, EPNT-5, HeLa, Hep-2, and SPEV-2 cell lines. The EPNT-5 (glioblastoma) cells were the most sensitive to the conjugates compared to the conjugate-free control. The conjugates increased the activity of cellular dehydrogenases and promoted the penetration of Sil into the intracellular space. Possibly, SeNPs play the main part in Sil penetration of cells and Sil penetration is not associated with phagocytosis. Thus, SeNPs are promising for use as a Sil carrier and as protective antigens.
The legacy of the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen in the context of sports tourism
Authors: Rozmiarek Mateusz
Published: November 2021

The IV Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Ga-Pa) are regarded by researchers as a test stage for the international
demonstration of the German Reich’s economic power in relation to the Games of the XI Olympiad
in Berlin, which were organized half a year later. Through the Games, Adolf Hitler sought to test all of his resources
and means, thereby testing the country’s readiness to host another major sporting event. Despite numerous controversies
related to the intense exposition of Nazi politics and anti-Semitism, the Olympic Games were remembered
among the international public as a professionally organized event, among others thanks to the modern and
extremely functional sports facilities of the time. The aim of this paper is to characterize the Olympic legacy of Ga-
Pa, which due to its numerous remnants and nowadays well-maintained historical sports base contributes to the
development of sports tourism in Germany. This account is briefl y preceded by an account of the preparation and
course of the IV Winter Olympics.
Safety, Mobility, and Cost Benefits of Closing One Direction of the Interstate in Rural Areas During Construction Work
Authors: Padhye Suyash , Mwamba Isaiah , Kang Kyubyung , Labi Samuel , Hastak Makarand
Published: November 2021

With specific regard to interstates in the rural area, Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) has expressed a need for research that sheds light on this Maintenance of Traffic (MOT) issue so the agency [INDOT and the contractor] can make informed decisions regarding the crossover sections versus the closure in one direction with detour roads. A number of studies have investigated the advantages and disadvantages of various MOT strategies; however, there is no specific study that can help INDOT traffic engineers and design engineers make decisions by comparing direct and indirect benefits of crossovers and detours (full lane closures). This research examined the advantages and disadvantages of entirely closing one direction of traffic over traditional work zone techniques (such as partial lane closure through median crossover) from the perspectives of the agency, road users, and the community. In the case of full closure, the study (a) examined the alternative MOT strategies and best practices through an extensive literature review and survey of agencies (b) investigated risk, benefit, and costs associated with selected detour routes (c) validated the identified critical factors through case studies in Indiana and at other states, and (d) implemented best practices in an expected project to evaluate the safety, mobility, and cost benefits of closing one direction. Through the literature review and four case studies, eleven KPIs for MOT strategy developments were identified. This study prioritized these KPIs through the survey questionnaire. The top five KPIs are (1) safety, (2) mobility, (3) budget constraint, (4) project duration, (5) complexity of project sites. Based on these KPIs and other findings presented in Section 4.3.3, this study has proposed a comparison tool for predetermined MOT strategies in the form of a flow-chart. This tool is followed by the scores or weights associated with each KPI. These scores are normalized—i.e., the most important KPI which is safety, has the maximum weightage 1 and rest of the KPIs are weighed relatively. INDOT has a set of editable documents which are references for making MOT decisions. This proposed flow-chart tool will “walk” the INDOT team through the use of these spreadsheets corresponding to the identified KPIs through this study. It will be at the discretion of the INDOT team as to which KPIs are relevant to the situation at hand. Therefore, the flow-chart tool is flexible to incorporate the dynamic nature of MOT strategy selection.
Causal Model of Overcoming Death Anxiety by Cognitive Regulation of Emotion and Spirituality and the Mediation Role of Resilience in Patients Diagnosed with Cancer: Provide Suggestions to Improve Psychiatric Nursing Services
Authors: Ghazipoor Ghodrat , Ahmadian Hamzeh , Goudarzi Mahmoud , Amirifard Nasrin
Published: November 2021

Objectives: Personality and spiritual factors play an important role in the death anxiety of incurable patients. This research was performed to investigate the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between emotional regulation and spirituality, with death anxiety in cancer patients. Methods: Number of 290 cancer patients referring to the chemotherapy section of Imam Reza Hospital were selected using available sampling methods. The questionnaires that were considered to collect information were: (1) Demographic Information Questionnaire; (2) Parsian and Dunning Spirituality Questionnaire; (3) Garnefski Emotion Regulation Questionnaire; (4) Connor & Davidson Resilience Questionnaire; and (5) Templer Death Anxiety Questionnaire; all the data from these questionnaires after completion and analysis of the data collected, structural equations were carried out using Smart Pls. Results: The results showed that the direct effect of cognitive regulation of emotion, spirituality and resilience on death anxiety is significant (P ≤ 0.01). Also, the direct effect of cognitive regulation of emotion and spirituality on resilience is significant (P ≤ 0.01). Furthermore the indirect cognitive regulation of emotion and spirituality on death anxiety mediated by resilience is significant (P ≤ 0.01). Conclusions: The results of this study show the importance of personality and spiritual factors in psychological problems of cancer patients and have implications in the field of psychotherapy.
Determinants of Hypertension Self-management Behaviors: An Application of the Intervention Mapping Approach
Authors: Mirzaei-Alavijeh Mehdi , Jalilian Farzad , Fattahi Mohammad , Vaezi Masoumeh , Mahboubi Mohammad
Published: November 2021

Background: Hypertension is one of the key risk factors for several diseases. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the determinants of hypertension self-management behaviors (HSBs) based on intervention mapping approach. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 800 hypertensive patients in southwestern Iran in 2018. A structured questionnaire was applied for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: The mean age of respondents was 58.25 years (SD: 12.10; age range: 30 - 74 years). The best predictors for HSBs were perceived barriers, outcome expectations, and self-efficacy. Conclusions: Our findings have implications for the evidence-based design of HSBs promotion interventions.
Reflexiones acerca de la imaginería contemporánea: el origen de una nueva escuela
Authors: López Merino Guillermo
Published: November 2021

La imaginería procesional ha experimentado en las últimas décadas una evolución estética que ha sido ya puesta de manifiesto por diversos investigadores expertos en la materia. La intención de este artículo es profundizar en sus orígenes tanto desde un punto de vista geográfico como conceptual, para seguir indagando acerca de un nuevo estilo con proyección internacional. La antropología que hay detrás del fenómeno cultural y religioso de la Semana Santa tiene su reflejo en la manera en la que un determinado grupo de imagineros entendieron la escultura sacra, generando un estilo que ha terminado por fraguar gracias al surgimiento de una escuela con nombre propio. Si bien esta nueva imaginería ha sido ya objeto de algunos estudios que han intentado ofrecer una explicación formal y conceptual, se antoja necesaria una revisión estilística y antropológica para aportar nuevos argumentos. Todo ello mediante el análisis formal de la obra de los protagonistas de dicha tendencia, así como de su concepto de imaginería y la generación de artistas implicados.

In recent decades, processional imagery has undergone an aesthetic evolution that has already been demonstrated by various researchers who are experts in the field. The intention of this article is to delve into its origins both from a geographical and conceptual point of view, to further investigate a new style with international projection. The anthropology behind the cultural and religious phenomenon of Holy Week has its reflection in the way in which a certain group of imagers understood sacred sculpture, generating a style that has ended up forging thanks to the emergence of a school with its own name. Although this new imagery has already been the subject of some studies that have tried to offer a formal and conceptual explanation, a stylistic and anthropological review seems necessary to provide new arguments. All this through the formal analysis of the work of the protagonists of this trend, as well as their concept of imagery and the generation of artists involved.
Geochemistry And Mineralogy Of Prehistoric Pottery Shards Found At Gua Jaya, Nenggiri Valley, Kelantan, Malaysia
Authors:   Laboratory of Archaeology and Archaeometry, Institute of the Malay World and Civilization, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Mohd Ali Muhamad Shafiq , Ramli Zuliskandar ,   Laboratory of Archaeology and Archaeometry, Institute of the Malay World and Civilization, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Mohd Supian Nur Sarahah ,   Laboratory of Archaeology and Archaeometry, Institute of the Malay World and Civilization, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: November 2021

Earthenware pottery is one of the common artefacts found during archaeological excavation works. Earthenware pottery is one of the tools used by prehistoric society as a tool for use in daily life. Earthenware pottery found at archaeological sites should be determined whether it was made by the local community or brought in from outside. Therefore, chemical analysis using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and mineralogical analysis using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) methods need to be done to obtain the mineral content and elements of earthenware pottery that can be compared with clay found in the area. This comparison is to ascertain whether the prehistoric pottery was made in the vicinity of the discovery area or brought in from outside. The results of this study found that the pottery discovered during excavations at Gua Jaya was brought in from other areas. Besides, it was also determined that the pottery was burned openly due to the uneven combustion temperature. The content of the pottery element also indicates that the pottery was used as food storage containers and also as appliances for cooking.
The Role of Perceived Supervision, Organizational Support and Co-Workers Support to Discourage Knowledge Hiding in Organizations
Authors: Walsh Isabelle , Dalmasso Audrey , Anand Amitabh
Published: November 2021

In past literature, the variables that may discourage knowledge hiding in organizations have attracted less attention than the variables that actually cause it. We develop a construct: “Positively Perceived Supervision”. The more supervision is positively perceived, the less employees are inclined to hide their knowledge from their supervisors and from their co-workers. The more employees perceive support from co-workers, the less they will be inclined to hide knowledge from them. Surprisingly, the more employees perceive support from their organization, the more they will be inclined to hide knowledge from their supervisor and co-workers. This leads to managerial implications.
Examining Global Supply Chain Risks: Development of Belt & Road Initiative (BRI) Supply Chain Disruption Model
Authors: Ram Jiwat , Zhang Zeyang
Published: November 2021

Global supply chain (GSC) risks are increasing, even more so with the unveiling of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). However, little knowledge exists on the subject. Using a twofold approach, this study systematically reviewed 178 articles in the literature and used a GSC risk framework to identify operational, supply, demand, and other environmental risks. Next, grounded in theoretical underpinning, propositions were developed before modelling the effects of six risk factors on BRI GSC disruption. This model provides a theoretical framework for developing a common understanding of BRI GSC risks and will facilitate the consistent application of knowledge in practice.
Family Control and Investment Efficiency: Does Financial Analyst Coverage Matter?
Authors: Jedda Nour Elhouda , Lakhal Faten , Ghenima Riadh
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of family control on investment efficiency and to highlight the moderating effect of analyst coverage. Based on a sample of French-listed companies, the results show a negative effect of family excess control and successive generational stage on investment efficiency. This negative effect is mainly driven by the underinvestment problem. These findings suggest that family firms are associated with exacerbated information asymmetry issues leading them to miss investment opportunities. However, analyst coverage, as an external corporate governance device, helps mitigating information asymmetry and the problem of inefficient investments in family firms.
Cultures organisationnelles progressistes : leurs effets sur les tensions de rôle et l’obligation ressentie de rendre des comptes
Authors: Casenave Éric , Pras Bernard
Published: November 2021

Cet article analyse les relations entre les tensions de rôle, l’obligation ressentie de rendre des comptes (ORRC) et les cultures organisationnelles. Une étude menée en France auprès de 167 managers montre que l’ORRC joue un rôle médiateur entre l’ambiguïté de rôle et le conflit de rôle. Les cultures organisationnelles dites « libérées » ou progressistes et les cultures bureaucratiques augmentent respectivement l’effet de l’ambiguïté de rôle sur l’ORRC et celui de l’ORRC sur le conflit de rôle et les demandes contradictoires ou incompatibles. Ces résultats sont affinés en fonction des dimensions de l’ORRC.