bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rutin exerts anti-oxidant effects in H2O2-induced microglia oxidative stress
Authors: Lang Guang-Ping , Han Ying-Ying , Xu Xi , Li Si-Jia , Yang Yang , Yang Yu-Long , Shi Jing-Shan
Published: March 2022

Microglia oxidative stress is of significance in central nervous system (CNS) dysfunctions. Rutin, a natural citrus flavonoid glycoside, possesses evident anti-oxidant effects in many organs. However, whether rutin participates microglia oxidative stress remains blurred. In present study, H2O2-induced BV-2 microglia oxidative stress (OS) model was used to explore how rutin act in microglia oxidative stress. Our findings suggest rutin supplement limited tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, Nitric oxide (NO) and iNOS secretion from microglia, but elevated interleukin-10 production. More importantly, rutin protected BV-2 microglia against oxidative damage by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production and restoring the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutases (SODs) and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Moveover, rutin upregulatd Nrf2 and Nrf-2 responsive gene expression, but downregulated keap 1 expression. These data exhibit rutin may alleviate microglia oxidative stress by modulating inflammatory factors and anti-oxidant enzymes in a Nrf2-dependent way.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies on the Anti-Amyloidogenic and Destabilizing Effects of Pyrogallol Against Human Insulin Protein
Authors: Shouhani Parastoo , Bahramikia Seifollah , Hejazi Seyed Hesam
Published: March 2022

One of the major problems caused by repeated subcutaneous insulin injections in diabetic patients is insulin amyloidosis. Understanding the molecular mechanism of amyloid fibril formation of insulin and finding effective compounds to its inhibit or eliminate is very important and extensive research has been done on it. In this study, the anti-amyloidogenic and destabilizing effects of the pyrogallol, as a phenolic compound, on human insulin protein were investigated by CR absorbance, ThT and ANS fluorescence, FTIR spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. According to the obtained results, the formation of amyloid fibrils at pH 2.0 and 50°C was confirmed by CR, ThT, ANS, FTIR assays. Microscopic images also showed the twisted and long structures of amyloid fibrils. Simultaneous incubation of the protein with pyrogallol at different concentrations reduced the intensities of CR, ThT and ANS in a dose-dependent manner and no trace of fibrillar structures was observed in the microscopic images. FTIR spectroscopy also showed that the position of amide I band in the spectrum of samples containing pyrogallol was shifted. Based on the findings in this study, it can be concluded that pyrogallol can be effective in preventing and suppressing human insulin amyloid fibrils.
Association Between Sexual Violence And Unintended Pregnancy Among Married Women In Zambia
Authors: Kasonde Mwewa Elizabeth , Bwalya Bwalya Bupe , Nyirenda Elizabeth Tamara , Mapoma Chabila Christopher , Sikaluzwe Milika , Chimpinde Kafiswe , Songolo Gloria
Published: March 2022

Background: Intimate partner violence against women is acknowledged as a worldwide public health issue. One of the outcomes of sexual violence is unintended pregnancy. In Zambia, 15% of married women age 15 to 49 had experienced sexual violence from their husband or partner. Since 1992, the prevalence of unintended pregnancies among women age 15 to 49 has risen to 38%. The link between sexual violence and unintended pregnancy in Zambia was investigated in this study.Methods: The women's dataset from the 2018 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey was used in this study. The study looked at a weighted sample size of 5,132 women age 15 to 49. Descriptive, chi-square, bivariate, and multivariate binary logistic regressions were used in the data analysis. Multivariate binary logistic regression was performed to establish the net effects of sexual violence and each explanatory variable on unintended pregnancy.Results: The findings suggest that sexual violence does have a role in unintended pregnancies (AOR 1.74; 1.38 - 2.19). Contraception use is also a significant predictor of unintended pregnancy (AOR 1.48; 1.16 - 1.88), even when other characteristics are taken into account. Results have shown that if a woman had ever used contraception and had experienced sexual violence, she was more likely to have an unintended pregnancy.Conclusion: Spousal sexual violence is highly associated with unintended pregnancies in Zambia. Addressing intimate partner sexual violence is among the ways to prevent unintended pregnancies. It is also important to sensitize on women reporting acts of sexual violence to relevant authorities as this will not only prevent reoccurrence of sexual violence but also reduce unintended pregnancies and associated long-term effects.
Assessment of Brain Injury Characterization and Influence of Modeling of Skull-Brain Interface
Authors: Yang Saichao , Tang Jisi , Nie Bingbing , Zhou Qing
Published: March 2022

In this study, using computational biomechanics models, we investigated influence of the skull-brain interface modeling approach and the material property of cerebrum on the kinetic, kinematic and injury outputs. Live animal head impact tests of different severities were reconstructed in finite element simulations and DAI and ASDH injury results were compared. We used the head/brain models of Total HUman Model for Safety (THUMS) and Global Human Body Models Consortium (GHBMC), which had been validated under several loading conditions. Four modeling approaches of the skull-brain interface in the head/brain models were evaluated. They were the original models from THUMS and GHBMC, the THUMS model with skull-brain interface changed to sliding contact, and the THUMS model with increased shear modulus of cerebrum, respectively. The results have shown that the definition of skull-brain interface would significantly influence the magnitude and distribution of the load transmitted to the brain. With sliding brain-skull interface, the brain had lower maximum principal stress compared to that with strong connected interface, while the maximum principal strain slightly increased. In addition, greater shear modulus resulted in slightly higher the maximum principal stress and significantly lower the maximum principal strain. This study has revealed that some injury metrics are sensitive to modeling approaches.
m6A demethylase Fto regulates TNF-α-induced inflammatory response in cementoblasts
Authors: Li Biao , Du Mingyuan , Sun Qiao , Cao Zhengguo , He Hong
Published: March 2022

Apical periodontitis is among the most frequently occurring pathological lesions around the root apex, which can cause alveolar bone defect and tooth loss, even leading to rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. The exactly underlying molecular mechanisms are still evolving. Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (Fto) is the first identified RNA m6A demethylase/eraser that plays key regulatory roles in multiple biological processes. However, it remains unclear whether Fto is involved in the inflammatory response in cementoblasts. In the current study, we investigated the effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced Fto expression in mouse cementoblast cell line (OCCM-30 cells). Following apical periodontitis induction, mice showed downregulation in the expression of Fto, associated with a significant increase in the inflammatory cell infiltration around the root apex. Moreover, OCCM-30 cells exposed to TNF-α showed similar changes, which presented an upregulation in inflammatory-related genes, whereas a decrease of Fto. Furthermore, qRT-PCR and ELISA analysis showed knockdown of Fto promoted in the expression of Il-6, Mcp1, and Mmp9 in TNF-α-treated OCCM-30 cells as compared to NC cells, whereas did not affect the mRNA stability. Interestingly, Fto knockdown activated the p65, p38, and ERK1/2 but not JNK signaling pathways after TNF-α administration in OCCM-30 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that TNF-α decreasing expression of Fto might play a critical role in the inflammatory response, and modulation of Fto might change the inflammatory response.
Pollinator and Floral Odor Specificity Among Four Synchronopatric Species of Ceropegia (Apocynaceae) Suggests Ethological Isolation That Prevents Reproductive Interference
Authors: Kidyoo Aroonrat , Kidyoo Manit , McKey Doyle , Proffit Magali , Deconninck Gwenaëlle , Wattana Pichaya , Uamjan Nantaporn , Ekkaphan Paweena , Blatrix Rumsais
Published: March 2022

Possession of flowers that trap dipteran pollinators is a phylogenetically conserved trait within the genus Ceropegia, in which pollination systems can be generalized or highly specialized. However, little is known about the role of plant–pollinator interactions in maintaining reproductive isolation between plant species. This study examined the degree of specificity in plant-pollinator interactions and identified the mechanisms responsible for specificity among four synchronopatric species of Ceropegia. These species showed significant differences in floral scents, floral morphology, colour patterns, and presence of other functional structures, e.g., vibratile trichomes, whose essential role in fly attraction was experimentally demonstrated here. Similarity in chemical compositions of the floral scents to that of crushed Cletus trigonus bugs living in the same habitat suggests kleptomyiophily in at least some of the species studied. This is the first study to empirically demonstrate that mechanical isolation plays no discernable part in floral isolation in Ceropegia, but instead that a combination of olfactory and visual cues differentially influenced pollinator preferences and hindered heterospecific visitation, ensuring specificity through pollinator constancy, thereby driving ethological isolation among these congeneric sympatric species. We also showed experimentally that specificity was not maintained outside these plants’ native range, where other fly species occur.
Anxiety, Depression, And Their Associations With Resilience Among Chinese Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yang Yuqiong , Luo Biru , Zhao Li , He Jingjing , Liao Shujuan
Published: March 2022

The mental health problems of adolescents appear to have increased worldwide in recent years. The aim of this study was to assess anxiety, depression, and their associations with resilience among Chinese adolescents. 2452 students were recruited from 3 middle schools through cluster randomization in Chengdu, Sichuan province, China. Resilience, family function, depression and anxiety were measured by resilience subscale of Chinese Positive Youth Development Scale (CPYDS), Chinese Family Assessment Instrument (C-FAI), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC), and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), respectively. Ordinal logistic regression and binary logistic regression were used to explore the independent effect of different variables on anxiety and depression. The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among adolescents was 30.3% and 40.5% respectively in our study. Senior and male students experienced lower levels of anxiety (OR=0.900, p<0.001; OR=0.479, p<0.001). Resilience was negatively associated with both anxiety and depression (OR=0.700, p<0.001; OR=0.796, p<0.001). Poor interaction with caregivers was a risk factor for both anxiety (OR=0.943, p=0.037) and depression (OR=0.899, p<0.001). Family dysfunction and internet use were protective factors for both anxiety (OR=1.418, p<0.001; OR = 1.001, p<0.001) and depression (OR=1.418, p<0.001; OR = 1.001, p<0.001). The existence of anxiety was found to be positively correlated with depressive symptoms in our sample. More attention should be paid to the mental health of adolescents. Measures that improve resilience and family function might be considered by stakeholders. A healthy lifestyle should also be stressed among adolescents.
Web-Based Application For Predicting Potential Target Phenotype For Recombinant Human Thrombomodulin Therapy In Patients With Sepsis: Analysis Of Three Multicentre Registries
Authors: Goto Tadahiro , Kudo Daisuke , Uchimido Ryo , Hayakawa Mineji , Yamakawa Kazuma , Abe Toshikazu , Shiraishi Atsushi , Kushimoto Shigeki
Published: March 2022

A recent randomised controlled trial (RCT) failed to demonstrate a beneficial effect of recombinant human thrombomodulin (rhTM) on sepsis, but there is controversy in the effects of rhTM for sepsis due to heterogeneity of its study population. While we previously identified a distinct phenotype that could be a potential target of rhTM therapy, the discovery of phenotypes itself is insufficient because rules or prediction models are required to determine which patients are the potential target phenotypes of rhTM therapy in the clinical setting. Thus, using three multicentre sepsis registries, we aimed to develop and validate a machine learning model for predicting the target phenotype that we previously identified for targeted rhTM therapy. The predictors werer platelet counts, PT-INR, fibrinogen, fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products, and D-dimer. We also implemented the model as a web-based application. Two of the three registries were used for model development (n=3694), and the remaining registry was used for validation (n=1184). Approximately 9% of patients had the target phenotype in each cohort. In the validation, the C statistic of the developed model to predict the target phenotype was 0.996 (95% CI, 0.993-0.998), with a sensitivity of 0. 991and a specificity of 0. 967. Among patients those who were predicted as “potential target phenotype” in the validation cohort, rhTM use was associated with a lower in-hospital mortality (adjusted risk difference, −31.3% [−53.5% to −9.1%]). Given the high accuracy of the developed model for predicting the target phenotype for rhTM therapy, implementing the model as a web-based application could profoundly benefit clinicians and researchers conducting subsequent investigations to address heterogeneity in the treatment effects and its mechanisms.
Comprehensive identification and characterization of HERV-K (HML-9) group in the human genome
Authors: Li Lin , Jia Lei , Liu Mengying , Li Hanping , Liu Yongjian , Han Jingwan , Zhai Xiuli , Wang Xiaolin , Li Tianyi , Li Jingyun , Zhang Bohan , Yu Changyuan
Published: March 2022

Background: Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) result from ancestral infections by exogenous retroviruses that became incorporated into germ-line DNA and evolutionary fixed in the human genome. HERVs could vertically transmit in a Mendelian fashion and stable maintenance in the human genome which are estimated to comprise about 8%. HERV-K (HML1-10) transcription has been confirmed to be associated with a variety of diseases, such as breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma, rheumatoid arthritis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the poorly characterization of HML-9 hinders a detailed understanding of the expression regulation of this family in human health and its actual impact on host genomes. In the light of this, the definition of a precise and updated HERV-K HML-9 genomic map is urgently needed. Results: We report a comprehensive analysis of HERV-K HML-9 sequences presence and distribution within the human genome, with a detailed description of the different structural and phylogenetic aspects characterizing the group. A total of 23 proviruses and 47 solo LTR elements were characterized with a detailed description of provirus structure, integration time, potentially regulated genes, transcription factor binding sites, and primer binding site features. The integration time results showed that the HML-9 elements found in the human genome have been integrated into the primate lineage between 37.5 and 151.5 million years ago (mya).Conclusion: The results have finally clarified the composition of HML-9, providing an exhaustive background for subsequent functional studies.
Probing inter- mixed transgranular stress corrosion cracking under the high load
Authors: Zhu Longkui
Published: March 2022

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of non-sensitized austenitic stainless steel during immersion of MgCl2 solutions was investigated by X-ray computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. SCC cracks propagated transgranularly at the initial stage, and switched to the IGSCC mode under the nominal stress of 120 MPa. No dimples were present on the SCC fractography, but numerous cleavage facets, slip bands and pits emerged. The cohesive zone appeared ahead of the crack tip. It is indicated that the high-load SCC also coincides with the cleavage dissolution mechanism, predominantly originating from the corrosive environment particle assisted cleavage and the obstacle induced dislocation pinning.
Effect of Menopausal Hormone Therapy on Methylation Levels in Early and Late Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Hilser James R. , Hartiala Jaana A. , Sripras Intira , Kono Naoko , Cai Zhiheng , Karim Roksana , Deyoung Joseph , Mack Wendy J. , Hodis Howard N. , Allayee Hooman
Published: March 2022

Background. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death among postmenopausal women but standard primary prevention strategies in women are not as effective as in men. By comparison, the Early versus Late Intervention Trial with Estradiol (ELITE) trial studies demonstrated that hormone therapy (HT) was associated with significant reduction in atherosclerosis progression in women who were within six years of menopause compared to those who were 10 or more years from menopause. These findings are consistent with other studies showing significant reductions in all-cause mortality and CVD with HT, particularly when initiated in women younger than 60 years of age or within 10 years since menopause. To explore the biological mechanisms underlying the age-related atheroprotective effects of HT, we investigated changes in methylation of blood cells of postmenopausal women who participated in ELITE. Results. We first validated the epigenetic data generated from blood leukocytes of ELITE participants by replicating previously known associations between smoking and methylation levels at previously identified CpG sites, such as cg05575921 at the AHRR locus. An epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) evaluating changes in methylation through interactions with time-since-menopause and HT revealed two significantly associated CpG sites on chromosomes 12 (cg19552895; p=1.1x10-9) and 19 (cg18515510; p=2.4x10-8). Specifically, HT resulted in modest, but significant, increases in methylation levels at both CpGs but only in women who were 10 or more years since menopause and randomized to HT. Changes in carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) from baseline to 36 months after HT were not significantly correlated with changes in methylation levels at either cg19552895 or cg18515510. Evaluation of other previously identified CpG sites at which methylation levels in either blood or vascular tissue were associated with atherosclerosis also did not reveal any differences in methylation as a function of HT and time-since-menopause or with changes in CIMT.Conclusions. We identified specific methylation differences in blood in response to HT among women who were 10 or more years since menopause. The functional consequence of these change with respect to atherosclerosis progression and protective effects of HT remains to be determined and will require additional studies.
Seasonal distribution of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Tibetan sheep in Qinghai, China
Authors: Yang Fan , Ma Li , Gou Jing-min , Yao Hui-zhong , Ren Mei , Yang Bing-ke , Lin Qing
Published: March 2022

Background: Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi can cause important intestinal diseases in ruminants. However, data on the distribution of these three protozoan pathogens in Tibetan sheep are limited. Methods: In this study, 761 fecal samples were collected from Tibetan sheep across four seasons in Qinghai Province, China, and screened for Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis, and E. bieneusi using PCR-based sequence analysis of the 18S rRNA, triosephosphate isomerase, and internal transcribed spacer genes, respectively.Results: The positivity rates of Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis, and E. bieneusi in Tibetan sheep were 3.68% (28/761), 1.58% (12/761), and 6.44% (49/761), respectively. For Cryptosporidium, four species, namely, C. xiaoi (n = 13), C. ubiquitum (n = 8), C. bovis (n = 6), and C. ryanae (n = 1), were identified. Two G. duodenalis assemblages, namely, A (n = 2) and E (n = 10), were recognized. Five zoonotic E. bieneusi genotypes, namely, BEB6 (n = 21), COS-I (n = 14), CHS3 (n = 11), and CGS1 (n = 2) from Group 2, and PIGEBITS5 from Group 1, were found. Moreover, geographic differences for the distribution of E. bieneusi, and seasonal differences for all the three protozoan pathogens were observed.Conclusions: Our results elucidate the prevalence and genetic diversity of these three pathogens in different regions and seasons in Tibetan sheep, including zoonotic pathogens such as C. ubiquitum, C. ryanae, G. duodenalis assemblage A, and five genotypes of E. bieneusi.
Sleep duration and brain structure – phenotypic associations and genotypic covariance
Authors: Fjell Anders , Sørensen Øystein , Wang Yunpeng , Amlien Inge , Baaré William , Bartres-Faz David , Bertram Lars , Boraxbekk Carl-Johan , Brandmaier Andreas , Demuth Ilja , Drevon Christian , Ebmeier Klaus , Ghisletta Paolo , Kievit Rogier , Kuehn Simone , Madsen Kathrine , Mowinckel Athanasia , Nyberg Lars , Sexton Claire , Solé-Padullés Cristina , Vidal-Pineiro Didac , Wagner Gerd , Watne Leiv , Walhovd Kristine
Published: March 2022

The question of how much sleep is best for the brain attracts scientific and public interest, and there is concern that insuficient sleep leads to poorer brain health. However, it is unknown how much sleep is sufficient and how much is too much. We analyzed 51,295 brain magnetic resonnance images from 47,039 participants, and calculated the self-reported sleep duration associated with the largest regional volumes and smallest ventricles relative to intracranial volume (ICV) and thickest cortex. 6.8 hours of sleep was associated with the most favorable brain outcome overall. Critical values, defined by 95% confidence intervals, were 5.7 and 7.9 hours. There was regional variation, with for instance the hippocampus showing largest volume at 6.3 hours. Moderately long sleep (> 8 hours) was more strongly associated with smaller relative volumes, thinner cortex and larger ventricles than even very short sleep (< 5 hours), but effect sizes were modest. People with larger ICV reported longer sleep (7.5 hours), so not correcting for ICV yielded longer durations associated with maximal volume. Controlling for socioeconomic status, body mass index and depression symptoms did not alter the associations. Genetic analyses showed that genes related to longer sleep in short sleepers were related to shorter sleep in long sleepers. This may indicate a genetically controlled homeostatic regulation of sleep duration. Mendelian randomization analyses did not suggest sleep duration to have a causal impact on brain structure in the analyzed datasets. The findings challenge the notion that habitual short sleep is negatively related to brain structure.
Cognitive and Social Experiences and Support-seeking among Individuals engaging in Non- suicidal Self-injury
Authors: Roychowdhury Yudhajit , K Jayasankara Reddy
Published: March 2022

This study explores the cognitive and social experiences that underlie non-suicidal self-injurious behavior as well as attempts to understand how individuals seek support after harming themselves. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with five young adults who had engaged in some form of self-harm in the past six months. The cognitive experiences provided a greater insight into the inner functioning of the individuals while the social experiences provided evidence of how the environment influences self-harming behaviors. There is also a great variety of support-seeking behaviors.
Optimizing Self-Pollinated Crop Breeding Employing Genomic Selection: from Schemes to Updating Training Sets
Authors: Sabadin Felipe , DoVale Julio César , Platten John , Fritsche-Neto Roberto
Published: March 2022

Long-term breeding schemes employing genomic selection (GS) can boost the response to selection per year. Although several studies show that GS delivers a higher response to selection, only a few analyze the best strategy to employ it, specifically how often and in what manner the training set (TS) should be updated. Therefore, we used stochastic simulation to compare in a long-term breeding program of a hypothetical self-pollinated crop five different strategies to implement GS in the line fixation stage and four methods and sizes to update the TS. Moreover, regarding breeding schemes, we proposed a new approach using GS to select the best individuals in each F2 progeny, based on genomic estimated breeding values and genetic divergence, to cross them and generate a new recombination event. Finally, we compared these schemes to the traditional phenotypic selection and drift. Our results showed that the best scenario was using GS in F2 followed by the phenotypic selection of new parentals in F4. Furthermore, adding a new set of data every cycle (over 768) to update the TS maintains the prediction accuracy at satisfactory levels for many more generations. However, only the last three generations can be kept in the TS, optimizing the genetic relationship between TS and the targeted population and reducing the computing demand and risks. Hence, we believe that these results may help breeders optimize GS in their programs and improve genetic gain in long-term schemes.
Optical Phase Shifter Design for Single and Multi-Mode Waveguide Configurations
Authors: Wageeh Amr , Sabban Salwa El , Khalil Diaa
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we introduce simple design equations for optical phase shifter configurations on both single mode and multimode platforms. The design equations are based on approximate mathematical expressions describing the phase shift (difference) between two waveguides, one is considered as the reference guide and the second is considered as the phase shifter. Different layout geometrical configurations have been studied: the step width and the linear tapering waveguide. The validity of the design formula is tested using standard Beam Propagation Method BPM. The obtained results are in good agreement with numerical calculations and allow using these closed form expressions in the optical design of such phase shifters.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF ENDOMETRIALBIOPSIES IN ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING
Authors: Zakaria Farhana , Nuzhath Taqiya , Begum Ayisha
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Excessive and painful bleeding from uterus is a common cause for distress among menstruating women, perimenopausal as well as post-menopausal. There are innumerable causes for abnormal bleeding from uterus. We carried out a retrospective study to enumerate the causes of abnormal uterine bleeding. Materials And Methods: Consecutive 200 slides of endometrial biopsies done for abnormal uterine bleeding were evaluated over a period of two years between June 2019 to May 2021. The slides were stained with haematoxylin and eosin stain. All the slides were evaluated, examined and reported by two experienced pathologists. The results were tabulated depending upon the age and diagnosis. Results: Commonest age group noted for abnormal uterine bleeding was between 41-50yrs. Disordered proliferative phase was the commonest (16%) functional cause of abnormal bleeding and diagnosis. The most common organic cause of abnormal bleeding was simple endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (28%). Endometrial carcinoma was diagnosed in 2 cases above 50yrs. Conclusion: Simple endometrial hyperplasiawas the most common cause of abnormal bleeding from uterus in our series. Atypical hyperplasia or endometrial carcinoma should be ruled out in post-menopausal age group.
A COMPARATIVE EVALUVATION OF HERBST APPLIANCE AND THE ADVAN SYNC 2 IN THE TREATMENT OF CLASS II MALOCCLUSION
Authors:   Senior Lecturer, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences Virajpet, Karnataka., Thomas Eric , Muddaiah Sunil ,   Professor& Dean,Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences Virajpet, Karnataka., B. Goutham ,   Professor &HOD,Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences Virajpet, Karnataka., Somaiah Sanju ,   Professor,Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences Virajpet, Karnataka., Shetty Bk ,   Professor, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences Virajpet, Karnataka., Ulla Khan Shoaib ,   PG Student,Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences Virajpet, Karnataka.
Published: March 2022

Background D And Objectives: Treatment of class II malocclusion has been a prime focus of orthodontic investigators for decades. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of Herbst fixed functional appliance in the treatment of class II malocclusion, to evaluate the effects of Advansync 2 fixed functional appliance in the treatment of class II malocclusion, to compare the effects of Herbst and Advansync 2 fixed functional appliances in the treatment of class II malocclusion Method: The sample size consisted of 14 patients who reported to department of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, Coorg institute of dental sciences, Virajpet seeking fixed orthodontic treatment. The patients were divided into two groups: Group A: 7 patients who were treated with Herbst fixed functional appliance. Group B: 7 patients who were treated with Advansync 2 fixed functional appliance The effects of appliances were measured at two intervals T0 Â– At the beginning of the treatment T1 - Nine months after appliance delivery Results: Patients who were treated with the Advansync 2 fixed functional appliances had better C0- GN, C0- GO, and UI A after the nine months of appliance delivery Patients who were treated with the Herbst fixed functional appliances had better SNA, SNB, WITZ, CO- A, ANB, UI- A, LI-B, LI B, UL- EPL, and FMA after the nine months of appliance delivery. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION: Advansync 2 and Herbst appliance was effective in normalizing Class II malocclusions.
ENDOSCOPIC INTERVENTIONAL MANAGEMENT USING ADRENALINE-NORMAL SALINE INJECTION FOR ACTIVELY BLEEDING PEPTIC ULCERS IN SOUTH KASHMIR, INDIA
Authors:   Department of Medicine, (Gastroenterology Section) Government Medical College Anantnag, Kashmir, India., Jeelani Romshoo Ghulam , Jeelani Ubaid ,   Department of Medicine, (Gastroenterology Section) Government Medical College Anantnag, Kashmir, India., Qasim Shah Danish ,   Department of Medicine, (Gastroenterology Section) Government Medical College Anantnag, Kashmir, India.
Published: March 2022

Aim:TodeterminetheefficacyofendoscopicNormalSalineAdrenaline(NSA)injectiontherapyinactivelybleedingpepticulcerdiseasepatientsof southernKashmir. Methods: All those patients who presented with upper GI bleed (UGB) malena/hematemesis or both underwent early upper GI endoscopy after stabilization. Those patients who had actively bleeding peptic ulcers(gastric/duodenal) were enrolled in this study. They were injected 10-15ml of 1:10000 adrenaline diluted in normal saline around the 3mm of bleeding ulcer, including ulcer base. Modified Forrest classification was used for assessment and management purposes. Patients with variceal bleed were excluded from the study. Results:There were 136 actively bleedingPepticUlcerpatients (84 males,52females)intheagegroupof18-65years.96(70.58%)patients had duodenal Ulcer(DU), whereas40(29.42%) patients hadGastricUlcer(GU). Primaryhemostasis was achieved in 98.53% of patients with endoscopic injection therapy. One patient who was an elderly male withForrestIA duodenal ulcerunderwent emergency gastrojejunostomybecauseof underlyinglargevesselhemorrhage,whichcouldnotbecontrolledbythe endoscopic obliteration method. Another patient with Forrest IB, who failed with obliteration twice, responded to endoscopic clipping. Rebleeding was observed in 12 (8.82%) patients. There was no mortality in this study. Conclusion: Endoscopic injection therapy is a simple, cheap, safe, and highly effective first-line treatment for a non-variceal upper GI bleed procedure. It avoids urgent emergency surgical interventions and related complications, thus reducing these patients mortality and morbidity.
DETERMINANTS DE LEFFICACITE TECHNIQUE DES PRODUCTEURS DES TOMATES AU KONGO CENTRAL EN RD. CONGO
Authors:   Professeur a lUniversite Protestante Au Congo., Mujinga Kapemba Alain , Muayila Kabibu Henry ,   Professeur a lUniversite Protestante Au Congo., Nkashama Mukenge Jean-Claude ,   Assistant a lUniversite Pedagogique Nationale., Tshizanga Miandabu Priscille ,   Diplomee dEconomie (2021) a lUniversite Protestante Au Congo.
Published: March 2022

Cette etude a eu comme objectifs de mesurer le niveau defficacite technique des producteurs Congolais de la tomate et didentifier ses principaux determinants. Un echantillon de 120 producteurs des tomates desterritoires de Kasangulu et Kisantu dans la province du Kongo central a ete tire a laide de la technique dechantillonnage a participation volontaire. Le resultat du modele stochastique de frontiere a revele que plus de la moitie des producteurs des tomates de ces territoires sont techniquement efficaces avec un score moyen defficacite technique de 99%. Quant aux determinants du niveau defficacite, le resultatrevele que le niveau defficacite trouve est influence par la quantite des fertilisants (NPK), la quantite des semences, ainsi que certains actifs du menage tels que la main dÃ…Â“uvre salariale et la charrette.
CONTRIBUTION OF REMOTE SENSING TO ONION AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT IN GUIDIMOUNI BASIN (ZINDER REGION)
Authors:   Universite De Zinder, Faculte Des Sciences Et Techniques, Departement Des Sciences Chimiques Et Biologiques, BP 656 Zinder, Niger., Rabiou Abdou , Boukar Awa Krou Malam ,   Universite De Zinder, Faculte Des Sciences Et Techniques, Departement Des Sciences Chimiques Et Biologiques, BP 656 Zinder, Niger., Issa Abdourahamane Mamadou ,   Universite De Zinder, Faculte Des Sciences Et Techniques, Departement Des Sciences Chimiques Et Biologiques, BP 656 Zinder, Niger., So Timothee Kouassi Agbo ,   Universite Abdou Moumouni De Niamey/Niger, Faculte Des Sciences Et Techniques, Departement De Biologie., Yacoubou Bakasso ,   Universite Abdou Moumouni De Niamey/Niger, Faculte Des Sciences Et Techniques, Departement De Biologie., Mohammed Achab ,   Mohammed-V University in Rabat, Scientific Institute, Avenue Ibn Battota, B.P. 703, Agdal 10090 Rabat - Morocco.
Published: March 2022

New information and earth observation technologies, remote sensing and the Geographic Information System (T-GIS), have become very effective tools in crop mapping for better management of agricultural plots. The objective of this study is to propose a combination of spectral indexes (SI) based on a time series of sentinel-2 images by comparing the performance of three (3) classification algorithms, namely: Wide Margin Separators (WMS), the Random Forest (RF) and the Decision Trees (DT) in order to produce a map of land cover (LC) in the gardening sites of Guidimouni by analysis of pixel-based images. Five classes of land cover have been retained, namely: Onion, Other plants, Flood zones, Water, and Non-vegetation. 24 optical images were processed to draw the temporal curves of cultures that will be used for processing. 51 classification schemes were tested and evaluated. Thus, the different values of the NDVI time series made it possible to observe three stages linked to the cultural development of onion, namely stage-1 (beginning of germination and the appearance of the first leaves), stage-2 (early bulb formation and strong chlorophyll activity) and stage-3 (bulb thickening and leaf yellowing). On the other hand, the WMS classifiers made it possible to obtain a better mapping of land cover in terms of discrimination between classes by combining the five spectral indexes (NDVI, SAVI, EVI, IV, BI2) with a cartographic precision of 88.89%.
ANTIBACTERIAL AND CYTOTOXICITY STUDIES OF GOSSYPOL ISOLATED FROM FRUITS OF THESPESIA POPULNEA (L.) SOL. EX CORREA- A REMEDY FOR SKIN DISEASES
Authors:   Microbiology Research Lab, School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India, 686560., R. Anuthara , Mathew Jyothis ,   Microbiology Research Lab, School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India, 686560.
Published: March 2022

Skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes and dermatophytoses are becoming severe nowadays. In a previous study, gossypol from fruits of Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Correa was found to possess growth-inhibiting activity against dermatophytes, causing dermatophytoses, the major fungal disease of the skin (Anuthara et al., 2021). There may be a chance of secondary bacterial infection in the case of dermatophytoses. Hence the present study was designed to evaluate the activity of gossypol against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, the major bacterial pathogens of the skin. Gossypol (GP) was isolated from the fruits of T. populnea and was identified and characterised by HPLC, HPTLC, FTIR, LCMS and NMR spectroscopy in a previous study (Anuthara et al., 2021). Then checked its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. The MIC and MBC of gossypol were 31.25 Âµg/mL and 62.50 Âµg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC of gossypol against Streptococcus pyogenes was 125 Âµg/mL. It was not bactericidal at the tested concentration. The antibacterial study was done by the disc diffusion method, and it showed inhibition against the growth of two pathogens tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined according to the CLSI (clinical and laboratory standards Institute) method- M07-A9 with slight modification (CLSI, 2012b). Since GP showed good inhibition activity against bacterial pathogens, the cytotoxicity of the compound was also tested towards the goal of developing a new antibacterial preparation. Cytotoxicity of gossypol has been evaluated by direct microscopic observation and MTT assay. The apoptosis was detected by acridine orange (AO) and ethidium bromide (EtBr) double staining method.
The impact of the share buyback process on financial performance: An economic and accounting perspective. Evidence from Egypt
Authors: Hassan Mahmoud Al Sharawi Hossam
Published: March 2022

This study aims to investigate the impact of the share buyback process and its motives on financial performance from an accounting and economic perspective. The study sample consisted of 66 firms listed on the Egyptian Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2020 and employed the OLS regression analysis. The results show a positive effect of share buybacks on financial performance, measured by the added economic value (EVA) and the return on equity (ROE). In contrast, the results show an insignificant effect of share buybacks on the return on assets (ROA). The study found that management’s motives to buy back shares affect a company’s financial performance. The study also found that management’s motive to achieve a cash surplus improves the company’s financial performance. The study also found that the company’s management motive to increase earnings per share is one of the most important motives for the company to buy back shares, which also improves the company’s financial performance. The study also showed that the economic value added (EVA) is one of the most important measures of financial performance, in which the repurchase of shares had the most significant impact in improving it over the return on assets or the return on equity. However, the study did not find evidence that the firms repurchase of shares out of increased financial leverage affects the financial performance. Moreover, the study found that increasing earnings per share is the most crucial motive for sharing buybacks in the Egyptian market.
AcknowledgmentsI thank Jeddah International College for funding this research and continuous support from the Dean, Dr. Tariq Hamdi, and the general manager, Mr. Yazid Al Tunisi.I thank Professor Dr. Mohamed Tahoun, Professor of Financial Accounting at Alexandria University, for reviewing this research before sending it to the journal.
Advancements in Schiff Bases of 1H-Indole-2,3dione: A Versatile Heterocyclic Compound in Pharmacological Field
Authors: Mohanan Puzhavoorparmbil V. , Pradeep Savitha D.
Published: March 2022

Heterocyclic compounds have specific structural peculiarities, imparting immense applications in various fields. This study has explored the medicinal importance of a captive heterocyclic compound, 1H-Indole-2,3dione, commonly known as isatin. The flexibility in the structure of isatin makes it more innovative to have applications in the biological and analytical fields. In this minireview, we have discussed Schiff bases of isatin having activities, such as antidiabetic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimalarial, antiviral, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity, and also the importance of this compound in various fields based on the reports mainly focussed on the current and past couple of years.
Elemental Composition of Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rybd. Varieties
Authors: Goryacha Olga V. , Kovaleva Аlla М. , Raal Ain , Ilina Тetiana V. , Коshovyi Оleh M. , Shovkova Zoia V.
Published: March 2022

Aim:

The aim of the study is to study the elemental composition of the leafy shoots, rhizomes, and roots of D. fruticosa varieties cultivated in Ukraine.

Background:

Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rybd. (Rosaceae) is a species native to Middle Asia and the Far East. More than 130 D. fruticosa varieties are known; plants have a significant raw material base and are promising objects for phytochemical research. Data only on the elemental composition of the aboveground parts of the wild-grown D. fruticosa is present. No information on the elemental composition of the raw materials of cultivated D. fruticosa varieties is available.

Objective:

A comprehensive analysis of the elemental composition of Dasiphora fruticosa varieties and identification of the features of macro- and microelements translocation.

Methods:

For all D. fruticosa varieties, raw materials were taken from two plants with five replicates per plant. The elemental composition was studied by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Using corresponding formulas, translocation factors of elements were determined, and a hygienic full-value of the raw materials was established.

Results:

In the studied raw materials, fourteen elements were identified and quantified. The translocation factors of potentially toxic elements Mo, Cu, Ni, and Sr indicate a capture of these elements in the root system and a presence of the barrier mechanisms preventing their accumulation in D. fruticosa varieties shoots.

Conclusion:

The results obtained show the presence of the barrier mechanisms preventing the accumulation of potentially toxic elements in aboveground parts of D. fruticosa varieties and justify a need for the study of those mechanisms.
Babs Boter, Marleen Rensen, and Giles Scott-Smith (eds.), Unhinging the National Framework: Perspectives on Transnational Life Writing
Authors: Brist Catherine
Published: March 2022

When the novel coronavirus began to spread around the world in early 2020, much was said about the ways the pandemic highlighted global interconnectedness. Given this context, Babs Boter, Marleen Rensen and Giles Scott-Smith’s collection Unhinging the National Framework: Perspectives on Transnational Life Writing was perhaps auspiciously timed: published in December of 2020, the collection discusses life narratives that cut across national boundaries, emphasising the interconnectedness of global life in the nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty-first centuries.
Inner speech does not represent an epiphenomenon: Commentary on Verhaeghen & Mirabito (2021)
Authors: Morin Alain
Published: March 2022

Using correlations and hierarchical regression analysis, Verhaeghen and Mirabito (2021) found that while self-awareness was associated with self-regulation, inner speech was not, suggesting that the latter does not play a causal role in either self-awareness nor self-regulation. This motivated the authors to claim that “inner speech is easiest understood as an epiphenomenon” (p. 8). In this Commentary, I suggest that the authors conceptualized and measured inner speech, self-regulation, and self-awareness in inappropriate ways. The two measures chosen to assess inner speech either do not relate to self-regulation (VISQ) or self-awareness (SVQ). Self-awareness was measured using composites of various scales assessing mindfulness (which represents a related, yet different construct) which contains multiple items not representative of a typical self-awareness process. The self-regulation measure was also produced using various subscales assessing self-preoccupation and self-compassion—two self-processes very loosely associated with the target construct. Different results would have been obtained if the authors had used established measures. Their results contradict what has been consistently reported in the literature and do not cast doubt on the recognized fact that inner speech plays a significant, and often causal, role in self-awareness and self-regulation.
The curious incident of inner speech in self-regulation: A rejoinder to Morin (2022)
Authors: Verhaeghen Paul , Mirabito Grazia
Published: March 2022

Morin (2022)’s first objection is that our findings are at odds with the literature. We show that they are not: (a) We already agreed that inner speech and executive control can be causally related under specific circumstances, including in development, and (b) we obtained the same pattern of correlations between self-awareness, inner speech, and self-regulation others have. We reiterate that the issue is not the correlations, but the lack of evidence for any mediated relationship between habitual inner speech and self-regulation. We also argue against Morin’s second point—the proposed inadequacy of our surveys. Ultimately, however, we feel that an empirical foray is needed to settle our differences and find truth, and we thus propose an adversarial collaboration to that effect.
LGBT Medical Education Assessment in West Virginia
Authors: Duarte, MD Elizabeth , Hashmi, MD Mahreen , Fuller, MD Kylie
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals experience healthcare disparities related to their physical, mental, behavioral, and sexual health. Educating medical students about how to address this public health issue is a priority of the Association of American Medical Colleges and all medical schools across the country. Yet, the training to care for LGBT patients has been inconsistent, and it is unknown how comprehensively these competencies are being addressed at the two allopathic medical schools in West Virginia (WV). METHODS An online questionnaire was distributed to medical students at the two allopathic medical schools in WV to evaluate perceptions of the curricula with respect to care for LGBT patients. RESULTS Medical students (N-91) felt prepared to address 9 of 16 LGBT-specific subject areas. The majority of students felt prepared to discuss sexual orientation (64/91; 70.3%) and human immunodeficiency virus (60/91; 65.9%). Fewer students felt prepared to discuss sex-reassignment surgery (17/91; 18.7%) and transitioning (21/91; 23.1%). Overall, 82.4% of respondents reported feeling "comfortable" or "somewhat comfortable" with LGBT health issues. Medical school education helped 59.3% of respondents feel "more comfortable" and 65,9% of respondents feel "more prepared" to provide medical care to LGBT patients. CONCLUSION Our data suggests that medical school curricula in WV has increased student-rated comfort and preparedness in providing medical care to LGBT patients, but should be further developed and standardized to reduce the perceived knowledge gaps.