bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytomegalovirus Encephalitis with Decreased Vision in Immunocompromised Patients Treated with Valganciclovir: Case Report
Authors: Hardiansyah Erwin , Sugianto Paulus
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Almost all Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patients develop CMV rapidly with manifestation in the central nervous system. Most CMV encephalitis is preceded by the presence of CMV in other places. Therefore, immediate therapy will be more effective and the delay in therapy can be detrimental.
Case: A 40-year-old man with the major complaint of vision decrease in both eyes for 3 months claimed that he felt worse after 7 days, accompanied by headache and fever. This patient was diagnosed with HIV 2 years ago. The examination obtained GCS 456, negative meningeal sign, headache with NRS 7. The visual acuity of the right eye was negative light perception and in the left eye of vision 1/300. The patient experienced clinical improvement after oral Valganciclovir therapy with a dose of 2x450 mg.
Conclusion: CMV encephalitis must be considered to diagnose earlier in HIV patients with complaints of decreased vision. With valganciclovir 2x450 mg tablets improve reduction of headache scale NRS from 7 to 2, increasing left eye vision from 1/300 to 6/60.

Keywords: Encephalitis CMV, HIV, Valganciclovir.
Analysis of Factors Influencing the Determination of Land Compensation Value of PLN Tower on the Construction of TL 150 KV Kuala-Binjai
Authors: A Sahril , Matondang Nazaruddin , Pujangkoro Sugiharto
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the study is to find out and analyze how much influence the distance of tower land the central business district (CBD), distance of tower land to the government office, legal aspect of tower land, distance of the tower land to the public transportation route, and road class classification on land compensation value of PLN Tower on the construction of TL 150 KV Kuala-Binjai. This research is a quantitative descriptive research. The location of the research object is in Langkat Regency and Binjai City, North Sumatra Province, totaling 40 objects of land compensation value. All populations are as samples. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression. The results showed that the distance of the tower land to the central business district (CBD) has a significant effect on land compensation value. The distance of the tower land to the government office has a significant effect on land compensation value. The legal aspect of tower land has a significant effect on land compensation value. The distance of the tower land to the public transportation route has no significant effect on land compensation value. The road class classification has no significant effect on land compensation value.

Keywords: Central Business District, Government Office, Legal Aspect, Public Transportation, Road Class Classification, Land Compensation Value.
Analyze the Influence of Talent Management and Knowledge Management on Employee Performance through Employee Retention as Intervening Variable at PT Bhanda Ghara Reksa Divre I Medan
Authors: Banuari Nidya , Absah Yeni , Siahaan Elisabet
Published: September 2021

Employee performance is one of the most important things to achieve company goals. With employee performance, company optimization can be realized. PT Bhanda Ghara Reksa's performance in 2019 experienced a decline in revenue so that the profit target generated was not maximized. In order to improve employee performance, the company must design a strategy to retain potential employees. One of them is the application of a talent management and knowledge management. The objective of this research was to analyze the influence of talent management and knowledge management on employee performance through employee retention as intervening variable at PT Bhanda Ghara Reksa Divre I Medan. The research used descriptive quantitative approach and explanatory research method. The population in this research are permanent employees as many as 74 respondents, taken by using saturated sample with census sampling technique. The method in analyzing the data is descriptive and inferential statistical analysis with using path analysis and Sobel test to test the significance of the intervening variable. The result of the research showed that talent management had positive and significant influence on employee retention, knowledge management had positive and significant influence on employee retention, employee retention had positive and significant influence on employee performance, talent management had positive and significant influence on employee performance, knowledge management had positive and significant influence on employee performance, talent management had positive and significant on employee performance through employee retention, and knowledge management had positive and significant on employee performance through employee retention. Knowledge management most dominantly affects employee retention and employee retention most dominantly affects employee performance.

Keywords: Talent Management, Knowledge Management, Employee Retention, Employee Performance.
Türkiye’de Cari Sağlık Harcaması, Ekonomik Büyüme ve Doğumda Beklenen Yaşam Süresinin ADRL Sınır Testi ile Analizi
Authors: AKBAL Funda
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de 1980-2018 yılları arasında ekonomik büyüme, cari sağlık harcamasının GSYİH oranı ile doğumda beklenen yaşam süresine ait değişkenlerin aralarındaki ilişkiyi ADRL sınır testi ile incelemektir. ADRL (4,3,3) sınır testi uzun dönem katsayı sonuçlarına göre, doğumda beklenen yaşam süresindeki %1’lik artışın, cari sağlık harcamasının gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla oranını yaklaşık %31.15 oranda arttırdığı istatiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca ekonomik büyümedeki %1’lik artışın, cari sağlık harcamasının GSYİH oranını yaklaşık %0.28 arttırdığı istatiksel olarak anlamlılığı test edilmiştir. ADRL (4,3,3) hata düzeltme modelinde hesaplanan hata terimi katsayı sonucuna göre, kısa dönemde oluşan dengesizliklerin yaklaşık 4 yıl sonunda uzun dönem denge değerine doğru yakınsayacağı sonucu çıkarılır. Analiz sonucunda, doğumda beklenen yaşam süresi ile ekonomik büyüme değişkenlerinin cari sağlık harcamasının gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla oranına etkisi incelenmiş ve değişkenler arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişkinin olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Futbolda Dar Alan Oyunları Değişkenlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KAYA Kaan , GÜROL Barış
Published: September 2021

Günümüzde oldukça popüler spor branşlarının başında gelen futbolda sıkça kullanılan dar alan oyunlarının (DAO) belirli parametrelerinin değiştirilmesi sonucu antrenman şiddetinde azalma ya da artma olmaktadır. Bu araştırma, DAO’nun fizyolojik ve fiziksel performans etkileri göz önünde bulundurularak güncel çalışmaların bir sentezini yapıp, DAO’ya etki eden birçok parametrenin (saha boyutu, oyuncu sayıları, antrenör desteği, kural değişikliği vb.) genel yapısı hakkında bilgi vermek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bilimsel araştırmalar incelendiğinde oyuncu sayılarında yapılan değişikler, sporcuların kalp atım hızı (KAH), laktat konsantrasyonu (La) ve algılanan zorluk derece puanı (AZD) değerlerinde belirgin farklılıklar yaratmaktadır. DAO’da oyuncu sayılarının az olması belirtilen değerleri yükseltirken oyuncu sayılarının artmasıyla bu değerlerin düştüğü gözlenmiştir. DAO içerisindeki saha ölçülerinde yapılan değişiklikler de birçok performans parametresini etkilemektedir. Antrenörlerin amacına uygun olarak planlanması gereken saha boyutlarında KAH, La ve AZD gibi değerlerin yükseltilebilmesi için saha boyutlarının arttırılması gerektiği ancak teknik taleplerin arttırılabilmesi içinse saha boyutlarının küçültülmesi gerektiği yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca az sayıda yapılan araştırmalar gösteriyor ki antrenör desteğinin bulunduğu oyunlarda KAH, La ve AZD gibi değerlerin arttığı belirtilmektedir. Antrenörlerin sözel desteği etkili bir biçimde kullanabilmeleri gerektiği ancak çok yoğun ve şiddetli geri bildirimlerin AZD puanlarını arttırmasına rağmen sporcuların oyun performansında düşmelere sebep olduğu görülmektedir. Sporcuların fizyolojik, fiziksel, teknik ve taktik gelişimlerinde etkili olması ve müsabaka şartlarına benzer olması, DAO’yu oldukça önemli bir araştırma konusu haline getirmektedir. Ancak içerisinde bulunan farklı parametrelerin sistemli ve kapsamlı bir şekilde araştırılması gerekmektedir. Yapılacak bilimsel araştırmalar, DAO’yu antrenman içerisinde kullanmak isteyen antrenörlerin veya uygulayıcıların performans ihtiyaçlarını nasıl karşılayabilecekleri konusunda yardımcı olacaktır.
Public Bureaucracy from the Perspective of the State Budget
Authors: Markova Hana
Published: September 2021

The state covers needs that are necessary for the running of the state from its revenues (most often from tax revenues). If territorial self-governments exist, certain public goods are funded from territorial budgets. The state contributes concurrently to territorial self-governing units to the performance of delegated powers – most often through subsidies. The contribution to the performance of state administration can be considered one of these subsidies. At all levels of government, the effect of bureaucracy is manifested in the form of coercion consisting of the use of “normative” power and “rewarding” power.
Administrative Liability for Causing Damage to Selected Components of the Environment
Authors: Cepek Branislav
Published: September 2021

The article deals with one of the most important and recent issues of the contemporary law of the Member States and the EU in the field of environment, which is criminal liability for environmental crimes which serves as a tool for promoting environmental protection. Environmental law can be divided into two basic types of environmental liability for damage to the environment and liability for damage. Liability for environmental damage is divided into civil liability for damage as well as liability of the public for ecological damage. A special case is liability for historical damage.The Directive on torts is divided into criminal liability and administrative liability. In this paper, the author focuses on the analysis of the contemporary Czech tort law in the field of biodiversity protection and considers several aspects of this a de lege ferenda issue.
Governments’ Measures to Govern the Coronavirus Crisis and the Lessons Learned
Authors: Sulaiman Saqer
Published: September 2021

Since its appearance in late 2019 in China, the Coronavirus pandemic has posed a real challenge to humanity and  governments. No country was safe from the effects of the virus, whether from a medical, economic, or social point of  view. In the absence of international coordination, countries began to rely on their own capabilities to curb the pandemic  and mitigate its negative effects. To achieve these goals, different strategies and measures have been adopted. Despite  the challenges governments faced, these measures definitely helped alleviate the severity of the epidemic and slowed its  spread. These measures include, but are not limited to, lockdown, border restrictions, home quarantine, the imposition of  wearing masks and social distancing. This crisis stresses the importance of a country’s financial, technical and human  capabilities in governing crises. Moreover, it revealed that the absence of international cooperation in managing  international crises has dire consequences for the international community.
Abolition of Tax on Acquisition of Immovable Property: A Tool to Suppress the Negative Consequences of Covid-19 or a Politicum?
Authors: Radvan Michal , Papavasilevská Sandra
Published: September 2021

The tax on acquisition of immovable property was abolished on September 26, 2020 in the Czech Republic. One of the  reasons mentioned in the explanatory report to the Act was the statement that the abolition deals with the effects of this  virus on society. The main aim of the article is to answer the question of whether the abolition of the tax on acquisition of  immovable property is a tool to suppress the negative consequences of Covid-19 or a politicum. To get the answer, it is  necessary to shortly describe the tax on acquisition of immovable property and its structural components and make a  basic comparison with the other EU Member States. We also summarise the pros and cons of the tax and related findings  of the Constitutional Court. As the property transfer tax is connected with the income tax and there were several  amendments in the proposal, it is needed to analyse these changes. Based on the research, it is possible to conclude that  the abolition of the tax on acquisition of immovable property is definitely not a tool to suppress the negative  consequences of Covid-19; it is just a politicum: political parties believe that the abolition of the transfer tax brings them  more voices in the elections.
Abraham Cahan’sThe Rise of David LevinskyinMcClure’s Magazine: Race, Capitalism, and Jewish American Identity
Authors: Barron Jonathan
Published: September 2021

By situating The Rise of David Levinsky in its original 1913 magazine context, I recognize the ways in which Abraham Cahan set out to undermine the theories of race—and attendant ideas about Jewish identity—with which McClure’s and other American periodicals were obsessed. I argue that the novel appears to accept the premise that races exist while it also undermines a belief in racial inequality. In short, I argue that Cahan likely used race, and McClure’s propensity for “exotic” characters as a kind of Trojan horse in order to deny the prevailing view that, in the United States, only one race, the Anglo-Saxon, can lay claim to the achievements of civilization. Cahan’s Yiddish-speaking world of Russian Jewish characters became a convenient and critical foil for capitalism itself.
A Post-Mortem Medicolegal Study of Asphyxial Deaths: An Autopsy Based Study
Authors: Memon Abdul Majeed , Mal Sono , Magsi Inayatullah , Khalid Aisha , Qayyum Sadia Abdul , Anwar Hafiza Naima , Samad Abdul , Awan Ejaz A.
Published: September 2021

Objective: To assess the medicolegal causes of asphyxial deaths in tertiary care hospital of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Study Design: Descriptive, observational and retrospective Place and Duration of Study: Medicolegal Section of Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2019. Methodology: Two hundred and nineteen patients were retrieved and died due to other reasons were excluded from the study while no any patient’s age and gender restrictions. Results: There were 157 males and 62 females. Sixty six patients of asphyxial belonged to age 39-48 years. Among 74 patients of suffocation, 51 patients were males and 23 were females. There are 5 reported reasons of asphyxial deaths. Out of 45 hanging patients, 5 patients belonged to 18-28 years, 8 patients belonged to 29-38 years, 9 patients belonged to 39-48 years, 6 patients belong to 49-58 years and 15 patients belonged to ≥59 59 years. Conclusion: Male is the most vulnerable victim of the violent asphyxial deaths. The major contribution in the suicidal deaths is dominant by the hanging and strangulations. The manner of deaths indicates the frustrations and carelessness of the majority of the population. The social awareness and hopefulness contributed by the awareness sessions and education on Individual levels is encouraged for such cases. Keywords: Asphyxial, Post-mortem, Medicolegal causes
Compare the Functional Outcomes of Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Cross Pinning versus Lateral Pinning in Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus in Children
Authors: Khan Abid Ali , Younas Mohammad , Mehmood Assad , Laraib Bissma
Published: September 2021

Objective: To determine results of treating supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children using percutaneous cross pinning versus two lateral pinning. Study Design: Prospective study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Orthopaedics, King Abdullah Teaching Hospital Mansehra from 1st November 2020 to 30th April 2021 Methodology: Eighty four patients of both genders were enrolled. Baseline demographic details of patient’s age, sex and body mass index were recorded after taking consent. Patients aged between 2-14years were included. Children with supracondylar humerus fractures were enrolled and divided equally into 2-groups. Group I had 42 patients and received percutaneous cross pinning technique and group II had 42 patients underwent lateral pinning. Radiological and functional results were assessed by Flynn’s criteria among both groups and frequency of complications was also observed. Results: There were 50 (59.5%) males (25 in each group) and 34 (40.5%) were females (17 in each group. Mean age of the patients in group I was 5.14±9.88 years and in group II mean age was 6.14±8.35 years. Sports 60 (71.43%) was the most common cause of fracture followed by traffic accidents 17 (20.24%) and the rest were 7 (8.3%) fall from the height. Mean surgical time in group I was 30.42±6.09 minutes while in group II mean time was 34.24±2.16 minutes. Mean radiation time in group I was 3.98±9.44 sec and in group II radiation time was 2.11±1.1sec. According Flynn’s criteria excellent results in group I were found in 25 (59.5%) cases, good results in 12 (28.6%) and fair results found in 5 (11.9%) while in group II excellent results were found in23 (54.8%), good results in 15 (35.7%) and fair results in 4 (9.5%). Significantly no difference in outcomes was observed among both groups. Conclusion: Both methods of treatment of supracondylar fractures of humerus are safe and successful however less operative and high time of radiation in cross percutaneous pinning compared to two lateral pinning has been found. Keywords: Percutaneous cross pinning, Two lateral pinning, Supracondylar humerus fracture
Prevalence and Correlation of Idiopathic Hirsutism with Body Mass Index
Authors: Naheed Aqsa , Zehra Tehzeeb , Aamir Rahila , Shahab Salma Ambreen , Mazhar Mahpara
Published: September 2021

Objective: To observe the prevalence and association of idiopathic hirsutism with obesity Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional, case control study Place and Duration of Study: Dermatology Clinic, Heavy Industry Taxila Hospital Taxila from 1st July 2020 to 31st December 2020. Methodology: Two hundred and fifty female patients and age between 12 to 50 years were enrolled. The complaint of hirsutism while their work up for secondary causes of hirsutism was negative were labelled as idiopathic hirsutism as cases and their age and gender matched healthy attendants were taken as controls. Both cases and controls were checked for body mass index and Ferriman Gallwey (FG) scores. Results: Idiopathic hirsutism was found significantly prevalent and increased body mass index was statistically significantly associated with the idiopathic hirsutism in females. Mean age of idiopathic hirsute cases was less than 30 years. So younger females were found to be more prevalent having hirsutism with increased body mass index. Mild to moderate hirsutism was frequently observed in overweight and obese females, however severe hirsutism was rarely observed. Conclusion: Idiopathic hirsutism is prevalent and associated with obesity in our females, so obesity management should also be addressed through referrals in derma clinics where hirsute obese/overweight female have reported. Keywords: Obesity, Hirsutism, Body mass index (BMI), Hirsutism, Excessive hair growth
Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin İlaç Uygulama Deneyimlerine Yönelik Duygu, Düşünce ve Görüşleri: Fenomenolojik Çalışma
Authors: ERAYDIN Şahizer , KARABEY Tuba
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı hemşirelik öğrencilerinin ilaç uygulama deneyimlerine yönelik duygu, düşünce ve görüşlerinin fenomenolojik açıdan incelenmesidir. Fenomenoloji çalışma deseniyle planlanan bu araştırma, bir üniversitenin sağlık bilimleri fakültesinde uygulanmıştır. Araştırma, hemşirelik bölümü birinci sınıfta hemşirelik esasları dersine kayıtlı olan 105 öğrenciden dersi ilk kez alan 95 öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler, öğrencilerin klinik uygulamada ve ilaç uygulamalarında yaşadıkları duygu, düşünce ve görüşlerini içeren yazılı ifadelerine dayanmaktadır. Formlardan elde edilen veriler içerik analizi yöntemine tabi tutularak çözümlenmiş ve ana temalar belirlenmiştir. Tematik analiz, açık uçlu soruları kodlamak ve öğrencilerin klinik uygulamada yaşadıklarını keşfetmek için kullanıldı. Öğrencilerin ilaç uygulama deneyimine ilişkin görüşlerini yazılı olarak ifade ettikleri 95 form tematik açıdan değerlendirildi. Örneklem grubunda yer alan 95 öğrencinin %86’.31’i kadın ve % 13.69’ u erkek bireylerden oluşmaktadır. Öğrenciler hastane uygulamasında farklı kliniklerde toplam 172 oral ilaç uygulaması, 96 IM enjeksiyon, 12 ID enjeksiyon, 209 SC enjeksiyon uygulaması yapmış ve 186 IV ilaç hazırlamışlardır. Öğrencilerin ilaç uygulamaları hakkında duygu, düşünce ve görüşleri incelendiğinde, ilaç uygulamaları, klinik ve laboratuvar uygulaması ve klinik uygulama olmak üzere toplam üç tema, bu temaların altında mesleki kazanım, ilaç bilgisi, öz yeterlilik öğrenme mutluluğu, beceri geliştirme, güven, duygular, düşünce, farkındalık oluşumu, profesyonel/ mesleki gelişim olmak üzere 10 alt temalar belirlenmiştir. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin ilaç uygulama deneyimlerine yönelik duygu, düşünce ve görüşlerinin fenomenolojik açıdan incelemeyi amaçladığımız çalışmamızda öğrencilerin hastane uygulamasındaki öz yeterlilikleri, laboratuvar uygulamasına göre daha pozitif düzeyde olduğu, ilk klinik deneyim olması nedeniyle anksiyetelerinin yüksek olduğu ve klinik uygulamaya yönelik olumlu duygular ifa ettikleri saptanmıştır
ARCO DE MAGUEREZ E EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE SOBRE DEPRESSÃO EM ESCOLARES: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Cruz Johnatan Weslley Araujo , Santos Franciely Oliveira de Andrade , Sales Vinícius Barbosa dos Santos , Santana Luanna Nascimento , Martins Sthefany Santos , Matos Heloísa Suzane de Sá , Costa Marcela Ralin de Carvalho Déda
Published: September 2021

Introdução: A depressão, estimada em cerca de 30 milhões de casos no mundo, pode estar atrelada a problemas familiares, a baixos níveis escolar e socioeconômico e está associada ao aumento do risco de mortalidade precoce por suicídio. A educação em saúde é uma importante ferramenta de promoção de saúde, definida como um conjunto de práticas que contribui para aumentar a autonomia das pessoas no seu cuidado. Objetivo: Relatar a experiência de acadêmicos sobre implementação de práticas de educação em saúde sobre depressão em estudantes de uma escola pública do interior de Sergipe. Métodos: Trata-se de um relato de experiência dos acadêmicos da Universidade Federal de Sergipe – Campus Lagarto, onde foi realizada uma intervenção em uma escola de ensino fundamental público. O Arco é dividido em cinco fases, sendo a observação da realidade, discussão dos pontos chave, teorização, elaboração das hipóteses de solução e aplicação à realidade. Resultados e Impactos: As dinâmicas de apresentação, do papel amassado, da angústia e conforto e roda de conversa foram bem aceitas pelos escolares, visto que todos participaram efetivamente de todo o processo de ensino aprendizagem.   O professor foi peça fundamental para realização das intervenções, visto que a faixa etária dos estudantes foi de 11 a 13 anos, os quais eram bastante inquietos.  Conclusão:  Pode-se concluir que atividades de educação em saúde relacionadas à saúde mental elaboradas pelo Arco de Maguerez, são ferramentas de baixo custo, dão resultados satisfatórios e podem ser implementadas por qualquer profissional de saúde em intervenções  de promoção de saúde.
THE JOURNEY SO FAR AND THE ROADMAP AHEAD
Authors:   Editor,  Indian Drugs, Nair Gopakumar G.
Published: September 2021

Dear Reader, Current Covid times are introspection times, too. When the Human Genome Project was initiated in 1990, for determining the basic pairs that make up DNA and for identifying and mapping the entire genes of the human genome, the hue and cry made by the Indian NGOs kept India out of the project, at lease officially. Approximately, 20 research institutions globally, including some from China and Russia later, participated during the 13 years of the project, which concluded in 2003. The participating countries and institutions made major contributions and consequently became beneficiaries of great progress and major strides in genomic research. While China was already participating from 1990 and Russia joined in 2000, India realised the need and importance of moving into this field at the turn of the millennium. The 100K Pathogen Genome Project launched in 2012 in USA and the 100,000 Genomes Project, also of late 2012, by UK carried forward the genome project initiatives. The countries who took early initiatives were immensely benefited through major breakthroughs. For good (or bad?), China outpaced India in genomic research and was rewarded immensely through funding from major global investors. What about India? Better late than never. The DBT in India initiated the Genome India Project in January, 2020 with the aim of collecting a moderate 10,000 human genetic samples from across India to build a reference genome. Fortunately, the vociferous NGO lobbies have probably realised their folly in opposing the genome project participation by India in the 1990s and the Indian project of 2020 will hopefully progress.
SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF BERBERINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND INDOMETHACIN FOR IN VITRO DIFFUSION PROFILE BY UV SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: Lalka Shaily , Momin Munira , Sherje Atul ,   SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai - 400 056, Maharashtra, India
Published: September 2021

The present work aims to develop a precise, accurate and validation method to estimate berberine hydrochloride and indomethacin in gel formulations. In the present work, 50% phosphate buffer pH 7.4, 25% methanol and 25% ethanol blend was used as a solvent to increase the solubility of both the drugs. The analytical wavelength for berberine hydrochloride and indomethacin was 343 nm and 316nm, respectively. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification and robustness as per the ICH guidelines. The validated method was then applied in the diffusion study of the drugs from two different gel formulations. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 4-14 µg/ml and 10-60 µg/ml for berberine hydrochloride and indomethacin, respectively. The method was found to be accurate and precise with relative standard deviation within 2% as per the ICH guidelines.
THYME OIL LOADED CASSAVA STARCH TRANSDERMAL FILM FOR WOUND HEALING
Authors: Patole Vinita , Gaikwad Rajnigandha , Khandelwal Kishanchandra ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, JSPM’s Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy & Research, Tathawade, Pune – 411 033, Maharashtra, India
Published: September 2021

Biodegradable cassava starch-based transdermal film loaded with thyme volatile oil was prepared by solvent casting method for wound healing activity. The stretchability, water vapour permeability and antimicrobial properties of the film were measured. The films were evaluated for drug-excipient compatibility studies by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The formulated film loaded with thyme volatile oil exhibited good anti-microbial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The film was tested to determine its potential to increase the number of capillaries on the treated chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) surfaces using nine days old fertilized chick eggs. These thyme oil films loaded with cassava starch displayed angiogenic potential, which is required in the treatment of wound healing.
SCREENING OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER AND MOST EFFECTIVE VARIABLES IN PREPARATION OF ESSENTIAL OIL LOADED NANO PARTICLES FOR PULMONARY DELIVERY USING TAGUCHI DESIGN
Authors: Khristi Avani , Jha Lalit L. , Dharamsi Abhay ,   Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, PO: Limda, Ta: Waghodiya, Dist: Vadodara - 391 760. Gujarat India
Published: September 2021

The biodegradability of inhalable nanoparticles (NPs) is an important criterion in prevention of lung toxicity due to NPs which have been taken to cure the condition. Pulmonary inflammation may result due to non-biodegradation or insoluble polymers used to produce NPs. Biodegradable polymers are widely used for manufacturing safe drug-entrapped inhalable NPs for pulmonary delivery. Here in this study, for preparing ajwain essential oil loaded NPs for pulmonary delivery, biodegradable polymers chitosan, gelatin and alginic acid have been evaluated for suitability. Based on the results of trial batches prepared from each polymer, the responses particle size and entrapment efficiency were measured and compared. Out of the three polymers, chitosan was having very good entrapment efficiency, poly dispersive index, drug loading and zeta potential-favorable conditions for pulmonary delivery of essential oils. Further screening of most effective variables in manufacturing nano particles using chitosan, eight batches of nano particles have been prepared as per taguchi orthogonal 2 level array L8 experimental design (Design expert software, version 7.0) where two responses, particle size and entrapment efficiency, have been observed. Based on the results of eight batches, standard effects have been calculated and significant variables identified, for both particle size and entrapment efficiency, for further optimization under design of experiment.
A comparative Study of Survival Strategies used by the Aged in Rural and Urban Areas: A case of Chongwe and Lusaka Districts
Authors: Chanda Hendrix Chama , Chakanika Wanga W.
Published: September 2021

For many years, studies to do with the aged and how they survive ‘economically’, were enshrined in mystery and stereotype. As a result of that, many old people in Zambia have been subjected to abuse and destitution; which is partially attributed to lack of systematic studies that would elucidate facts about the aged. It is for this reason that this study was instituted. The study comprised of 97 senior citizens who were purposively selected from Chongwe and Lusaka Districts. 84 senior citizens were subjected to a structured interview, while 13 participated in the two focus group discussions. Therefore, structured interview guides and two focus group discussions were used to collect data in Chongwe and Lusaka Districts. The study established that several types of survival strategies were used by the aged in rural and urban areas. The findings revealed that senior citizens in Chongwe and Lusaka Districts were involved in trade men and women. Others depended on their extended family members for support and care. This was the case for majority of the respondents from Chongwe District compared to their counterparts in Lusaka. There were a number of senior citizens who were also assisted financially and materially by local churches, charitable organizations and well wishers within and outside their communities. Although majority senior citizens were business men and women, their businesses, according to the finding, were not capital intensive, hence less lucrative. Consequently, majority senior citizens in the two Districts resorted to eating once or twice a day in order to conserve food for subsequent days. The situation was exacerbated further in Lusaka, as opposed to Chongwe, because senior citizens there had a lot of dependents. As a result and except for a few most of the aged scraped a living on less than a dollar per day in the two districts.
Eponymic Place Names in Zambia: A Critical Toponymies Perspective
Authors: Chilala Cheela , Hang’ombe Khama
Published: September 2021

This study examines eponymic place names in Zambia, specifically focusing

on names of international airports and national stadia. Names of these

features have been selected for study because in 2011, they had been

subjected to changes. The study brings out the doubled nature of this name

change by the Patriotic Front regime: to commemorate Zambia’s heroes

and to entrench their political stamina. To successfully bring out the double

edged nature of place name change by the Patriotic Front regime, the

study engages Critical Toponymies Theory, a theory which considers place

names as social artefacts which are caught up in a web of social conflict,

implicating them as key players in (re)producing unequal socio-political

power balance, an aspect which can be viewed as a social problem. The

study argues that names of key national places or features in Zambia,

banal and mundane as they may appear, are implicated in formulating and

perpetuating social classes and power imbalance in the country because

they are agents that promote the ideologies, aspirations and worldview of

the ruling elites.
Our Elders Never Lie: The Metaphor Power Base of Proverbs among the Tonga Speaking People of Zambia And Zimbabwe
Authors: Siakavuba John Bwana
Published: September 2021

This article seeks to explore ways through and extent to which the use

of proverbs inspires confidence in the youth towards their elders in the

African society in general and the Valley Tonga of Zambia and Zimbabwe

in particular. The Achebean saying that ‘proverbs are the palm oil with

which words are eaten,’ does not only point to the fact that proverbs make

ordinary speech aesthetically pleasant to the ear but also that the wisdom

contained therein is culturally/socially accepted. The effective and efficient

deployment of proverbs in this regard earns the user respect from targets

of his address. The article analyses various ways in which proverbs are

incorporated in everyday speech and how these in turn, enhance chances

of delivering the intended message successfully among the Valley Tonga

communicators. In most cases, when a Tonga speaker wishes to delegate

presentation of a complex matter to the proverb, they attribute the wisdom

to the Tonga society of yester years. This tendency, the article concludes,

removes personalities from the proverb while promoting objective analysis

of the situation by those addressed. The article examines selected proverbs

in terms of structure, pattern of usage, types of images/metaphors used

and their expected impact. The article applies a triangulation theoretical

framework of Appraisal, Ethnopoetics and Afrocentricity theories to

delineate the communicative intent of the proverber. Together, the theories

look at social functions of the language rendered by performers of the oral

arts.
Youth Conversion from Mainstream to Pentecostal Churches: A Case of Selected Churches in Matero and Emmasdale Townships in Lusaka District
Authors: Muyuni Audrey , Cheyeka Austin M.
Published: September 2021

The study sought to investigate the reasons that led to youth conversion from mainstream to Pentecostal churches in Emmasdale and in the neighbourhood of Matero. The study was guided by Horton’s intellectualist theory of conversion in Africa. It used a case study design. The method of data collection included semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and questionnaire. Findings of the study were that, there was automatic conversion taking place among the youths in mainstream churches to Pentecostalism. This was evident in all respondents in mega Pentecostal Church who had a mainstream background. Church leaders in mainstream churches were aware of youth converting to Pentecostal churches by accepting back the youths who had converted to a Pentecostal Church but had later made up their minds to go back. The study further revealed that non-Pentecostal parents supported and encouraged their children who converted to a mega Pentecostal Church owing to incentives such as; scholarships, employment and supportive programmes provided to their children. The study recommends that: sermon presentation should be revised in some mainstream churches. Explaining scriptures should not be exegetical only but linking scriptures to real life struggles of the youth. The church leaders in mainstream churches must formulate programmes that are more practical and youth oriented like charismatic prayer service, provision of scholarship, employment and positions of responsibilities through different ministries within the mainstream churches. Non-Pentecostal parents should not be too sceptical about children who associate themselves with Pentecostalism but encourage them to genuinely convert to this brand of Christianity.
Hubungan Pola Asuh Demokratis Dengan Perkembangan Bahasa Pada Anak Prasekolah Di TK Negeri Tabanan Di Kerambitan
Authors: Sukmandari Ni Made Ari
Published: September 2021

During preschool children experience the development of language skills very quickly which becomes the foundation for subsequent development. Language development is influenced by various factors including the parenting democratic parent. This study aimed at determine democratic parenting to the language development of preschool children in Tabanan Kindergarten Kerambitan.

 

This study was a descriptive correlational research with cross sectional approach. Democratic parenting was measured using the parenting questionnaire and language development with the Denver Developmental Screening Test II. Respondents analyzed were kindergarten students in Tabanan Kerambitan taken with total sampling techniques. The results obtained that parenting was quite democratic as many as 32 people (64%) and language development was mostly included in the normal category (96.0%)

The results of the correlation test with the Spearman Rho test showed p = 0.018 and r = 0.332. This meant that there was a significant correlation between parenting with language development and had a fairly strong positive correlation.

It is recommended to increase understanding of democratic parenting and language development in children, make innovative efforts in applying democratic parenting according to child development, environmental influences and technological development
BEGOMOVIRUSES AND BETASATELLITES ASSOCIATED WITH CLCuD
Authors: Yaqoob S , Fatima N , Khan S , Ali Q , Hafeez MM , Malik A
Published: September 2021

Begomoviruses are one of the major types of plant viruses. They are transmitted by whitefly and cause many diseases. The CLCuD is the most damaging disease of cotton. It is the vector of begomoviruses, namely as monpartite or bipartite begomoviruses. Bipartite begomoviruses are consisted of A and B DNA molecuales. Monopatite consist of single genome. It is mainly linked with alphasatellites and betasatellites. Alphasatellites can replicate by using replication protein and not called as true satellites. Betasatellites are called as true satellites as they are linked with alphasatellites. Mainly cause tomato yellow leaf curl disease. Begomoviruses are different from other plant viruses as the basis of RNA genomes. DNA beta satellite is involves in suppressing the expressions of genes in plants. It has a major role in preventing RNA silencing by encoding proteins that binds with DNA and target the nucleus of cell. Affected plants show various symptoms such as leaf curling, enations etc. that cause loss in cotton field by preventing the growth. With the help of PCR, 1.4 kb fragments of DNA have been amplified from DNA template. For cloning the whole begomoviruses genome, a simple method of cloning has been widely used. Cloning is usually done by using the bacteriophage DNA polymerase. The betasatellites  have shown association with CLCuD.
UTERINE ARTERY DOPPLER INDICES AS PREDICTIVE MEASURES FOR THE PRE-ECLAMPSIA AND INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION
Authors: Rashid MN , Kari M , Rashid R , Rana MA , Amjad A , Hafeez MM
Published: September 2021

Preeclampsia and Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) remains as the important causes for the neonatal and maternal complications leading to even death in some cases. Uterine artery Doppler USG can be done transvaginally or trans abdominal and performed in the 1st or 2nd trimester of the pregnancy to detect these complications Doppler waveform suggested the high vascular resistance to blood flow. In our present study, we conclude uterine artery Doppler indices as prognostic procedure for the preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. A cross-sectional survey design with convenient sampling technique was used. Mixture of standardized and self-modified structured questionnaire was undertaken to determine the indices of pre eclampsia and IUGR by uterine artery. The data was collected from Bahria International Hospital, Lahore during the period of 9 months. This study was included 162 pregnant females with identification of the main uterine artery on a longitudinal scan lateral to the uterus.  Initial diastolic notch of right and left side of the uterine artery waveforms was recorded. At every antenatal checkup, urine was tested for protein and blood pressure readings were taken to identify preeclampsia. Further analysis was done dividing patients as normotensive and those patients developing hypertension after 30 weeks of gestation. After delivery neonates observed for IUGR by head circumference and body weight. The study was concluded that from the total sample size of 162 pregnant females who undergoes uterine artery Doppler, 34% females shows diastolic notch and almost all of these later diagnosed with preeclampsia and 19.8% deliver babies with IUGR. So, based on the study, we have concluded that uterine artery Doppler is helpful to provide diagnosis of preeclampsia and IUGR in early pregnancy.
EFFECTS OF WATER DEFICIT ON MAZE SEEDLINGS GROWTH TRAITS
Authors: Shafique F , Ali Q , Malik A
Published: September 2021

Many biotic and abiotic factors affect plant growth and its development. Maize growth usually increased under excess water availability but less tolerant against water deficit stress condition. In this study, we investigated the effects of water stress on the growth and yield of maize. We found that severe water stress during the seedling stage had a greater effect on the growth and development of maize. Three maize varieties (Pak afghoi, Neelum, White corn) were used to find out the effects on growth of plant under drought or water deficit environmental conditions. Different drought stress treatments (Control, 20% irrigation water, 40% irrigation water, 60% irrigation water, 80% irrigation water) were imposed to growing seedlings after germination. The treatments were applied after 4 times each after 7 days interval and data for different morphological traits was recorded each time. The recorded data was pooled and analyzed for analysis of variance to access the significance of results. The ANOVA indicated the differences among five different genotypes and 5 different treatments for all parameters were significant. Tukey’s test indicated that maize genotype White corn was more tolerant while genotype Neelum was more sensitive for drought stress conditions therefore, white corn maize genotype may be helpful for the development of drought tolerance maize varieties and hybrids. Positive and significant correlation was found for shoot length with all other studied traits under drought stress conditions. Treatment control, 80% and 60% irrigation water was less adverse for maize growth while treatment 20% irrigation water highly affected all maize genotypes, therefore maize genotypes may be grow under treatment 60% irrigation water.
EFFECTS OF SALT STRESS ON THE GROWTH TRAITS OF CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.) AND PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.) SEEDLINGS
Authors: Yousef F , Shafique F , Ali Q , Malik A
Published: September 2021

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) both are important legume crops grown throughout the world for protein and they also contain essential vitamins and fibers. Chick pea and pea are very sensitive to abiotic stress that includes heat, drought, cold and salt stress conditions. To access the effects of salt stress on the chick pea and pea an experiment was performed in the Green House of Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore. The seeds of both genotypes were grown in 18 pots with 2 kg pure sand and applied different concentrations of NaCl stress after 7 days of germination. The application of salt treatments was repeated 4 times each after 7days interval and data of different morphological traits was recorded each time. The treatments were included control, 0.25Molar NaCl, 0.5Molar NaCl concentrations. The data was recorded and pooled analysis of variance was carried out for significance of results. The average root length was recorded as 5.7522±0.0211cm and shoot length (11.139±0.0011cm) while average fresh plant weight was recorded as 0.5811±0.0002g under different salt stress conditions. The finding of our result proved that both varieties chickpea and pea showed variable behavior under salt stress conditions while the pea genotype showed more tolerant against different salt treatments which indicated pea genotypes may be used for future breeding to improve yield and growth of pea crop. The results showed that there was significant and positive correlation among root length, shoot length and leaf length of chickpea and pea seedlings which concluded that root length and shoot length may be used as selection criteria to induced stress tolerance in crop plants.
DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF ULTRASOUND IN DETECTING MENISCAL TEARS TAKING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AS GOLD STANDARD
Authors: Omer MA , Malik SS , Anjum MN , Riaz Az , Ali R
Published: September 2021

Meniscal tears are mostly seen worldwide. Multiple imaging modalities are currently used to evaluate pathologic conditions of the knee. MRI can be referred as the non-invasive gold standard investigation to help establishing diagnosis of meniscal tears, but it economically unaffordable to most of patients and needs long examination times. Ultrasound is a possible alternative to MRI. It is simple, convenient and an inexpensive and non-invasive method. The use of ultrasound in identifying meniscal tears has been proposed, but its diagnostic accuracy remains controversial. The objective of the research is to define the diagnostic accurateness of ultrasound scan in detecting meniscal tears taking magnetic resonance imaging as gold standard. It was a diagnostic cross-sectional study in which 78 patients visiting Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Doctors Hospital, Lahore were included. Convenient sampling technique was used. Written informed consent was taken from all the patients. Patients were investigated with the help of ultrasound and results were noted on the designed proforma, subsequently the results were compared to the MRI scan of the knee joint. Data was entered and statistically analyzed using SPSS 21.0. Frequency tables were generated for all variables. For quantitative data like age mean and standard deviation were calculated and for qualitative data like sex and meniscal tears percentages were calculated. Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value, Negative Predictive Value was given. Bar and pie charts were used to present categorical data. Kappa analysis was utilized. The mean age of the patients was 38.18+12.818 years, 82.1% were males and 47.4% had sports trauma. Out of 48 medial meniscus tear on USG, 38(48.7%) were true positive and 10(12.8%) were false positive on MRI. Out of 10 lateral meniscus tear on USG, 9(11.5%) were true positive and 1(1.3%) was false positive on MRI. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for medial meniscus tears were 95.00%, 73.68%, 79.16%, 93.33% and 84.61% while for lateral meniscus tears were 75.00%, 98.48%, 90.00%, 95.58% and 94.87%, respectively. Study concluded that ultrasound has good diagnostic accuracy when compared with magnetic resonance imaging in detecting meniscal tears.