bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Сімейно-родові іменування, похідні від імен та прізвищ першоносіїв (на основі вибраних антропонімів сіл Антонівка та Борисковичі початку та середини ХХ століття)
Authors: Садова [Sadova] Лариса [Larysa] Олександрівна [Oleksandrivna]
Published: February 2021

Family Names Derived from Given Names and Surnames: A Study of Selected Anthroponyms in the Villages of Antonivka and Boryskovychi in the Early to Mid-Twentieth CenturyThis article analyses the origins of family names and the duration of their functioning in rural anthroponymics on the basis of the anthroponymy of the south of the Volyn region in the early to mid-twentieth century. The study examines the semantic and word-formation structure of anthroponyms in the area, identifies lexico-semantic groups represented in the roots of family names, and considers different structural variants of the given names and surnames from which family names were derived, including their productivity and the most frequent cases. The semantics of roots and the word-formation structure of family names in the south of the Volyn region reflect general tendencies of the Ukrainian anthroponymic system and tendencies of the regional anthroponomy, which stem from dialectal features, influences of other languages, and historical and cultural peculiarities of the region. Nazwy rodowe pochodzące od imion i nazwisk pierwszych użytkowników (na podstawie wybranych antroponimów wsi Antonówka i Boryskowicze z początku i połowy XX wieku)W artykule przeanalizowano problem pochodzenia nazw rodowych oraz czasu ich funkcjonowania w antroponimikonie wiejskim (na podstawie antroponimów na południu obwodu wołyńskiego z początku i połowy XX wieku). Autorka analizuje strukturę semantyczną i słowotwórczą antroponimów w tym regionie, przedstawia grupy leksykalno-semantyczne reprezentowane w podstawach nazw rodowych, omawia różne pod względem strukturalnym warianty imion i nazwisk motywujące nazwy rodowe. W artykule określono produktywność imion motywujących nazwy rodowe i zidentyfikowano najbardziej aktywne imiona. Semantyka podstaw i struktura słowotwórcza nazw rodowych z południa obwodu wołyńskiego odzwierciedlają ogólne tendencje ukraińskiego systemu antroponimicznego, a także cechy regionalne antroponimii wynikające z właściwości gwarowych, wpływów innych języków oraz cech historycznych, kulturowych i obyczajowych regionu.
Koncepcia "Slovensko-poľsko-ruského slovníka jazykovedných termínov"
Authors: Vojteková Marta
Published: February 2021

The Concept of A Slovak-Polish-Russian Dictionary of Linguistic TermsThis article describes in detail the concept of A Slovak-Polish-Russian Dictionary of Linguistic Terms (Slovensko-poľsko-ruský slovník jazykovedných termínov), which was compiled by a team of authors from the Faculty of Arts of the University of Prešov. Three volumes of this translation-explanatory dictionary deal with the terminology of three linguistic levels: phonology, morphology and syntax, and they may be the starting point for other volumes. The paper outlines the state of Slovak-Polish-Russian translation lexicography with regard to linguistic sources, and evaluates the state of processing of Slovak, Polish and Russian linguistic terminology in the form of monolingual encyclopaedias and explanatory dictionaries. It also mentions reference sources the authors drew upon when compiling the dictionary. The article presents motivation for the compilation of a Slovak-Polish-Russian dictionary of linguistic terminology, pointing out the need for such a publication and identifying the spheres of its application. Koncepcja Słowacko-polsko-rosyjskiego słownika terminologii językoznawczejNiniejszy artykuł szczegółowo opisuje koncepcję Słowacko-polsko-rosyjskiego słownika terminów językoznawczych (Slovensko-poľsko-ruský slovník jazykovedných termínov), opracowanego przez zespół autorów z Wydziału Filozoficznego Uniwersytetu Preszowskiego w Preszowie. Omawiany słownik ma charakter tłumaczeniowo-eksplikacyjny i składa się z trzech tomów, poświęconych terminologii badania języka na trzech poziomach: fonetyczno-fonologicznym, morfologicznym i składniowym. Mogą one stanowić punkt wyjścia dla kolejnych tomów. Artykuł przedstawia stan słowacko-polsko-rosyjskiej leksykografii tłumaczeniowej w odniesieniu do kompendiów językoznawczych oraz ocenia stan opracowania słowackiej, polskiej i rosyjskiej terminologii językoznawczej w formie jednojęzycznych leksykonów i słowników wyjaśniających. Omawia również źródła, z których korzystali autorzy podczas opracowywania słownika. Artykuł przedstawia także motywację dla opracowania słowacko-polsko-rosyjskiego słownika terminologii językoznawczej, wskazując na potrzebę takiej publikacji i obszary jej zastosowania.
„Obym się rozradował w rozradowaniu ludów Twoich”. Rzecz o konstrukcjach pleonastycznych w cerkiewnosłowiańskich redakcjach Księgi Psalmów
Authors: Szulc Arleta
Published: February 2021

“That I may rejoice in the joy of Thy nation”: On Pleonastic Constructions in Church Slavonic Redactions of the Book of PsalmsThis article focuses on pleonasms extracted from the OCS Psalterium Sinaiticum and investigates their preservation in later representatives of successive CS Psalter redactions. In order to examine the use of the constructions under scrutiny, the (O)CS Psalters have been compared with one another and with the Greek and the Hebrew patterns of translation. The study provides a detailed description of lexical choices with respect to pleonasms present in selected contexts of the Psalter. It also considers analogical structures discussed in the literature on the subject, stressing a specifically emphatic character of (O)CS Psalter pleonasms, similar to that of their Greek and Hebrew equivalents. As observed, the use of pleonasms in the compared (O)CS Psalters is distinctly consistent and generally based on the Greek/Hebrew sources. Cases that could testify to these Biblical stylistic structures having already become independent on the Slavic ground are noted as exceptions. „Obym się rozradował w rozradowaniu ludów Twoich”. Rzecz o konstrukcjach pleonastycznych w cerkiewnosłowiańskich redakcjach Księgi PsalmówArtykuł koncentruje się na pleonazmach wyekscerpowanych ze staro-cerkiewno-słowiańskiego Psałterza synajskiego. Ma na celu zbadanie ich zachowawczości w młodszych reprezentantach kolejnych cerkiewnosłowiańskich redakcji psałterzowych. Teksty (s)cs. psałterzy porównano między sobą oraz z greckimi i hebrajskimi wzorcami przekładowymi pod kątem użycia rozpatrywanych konstrukcji pleonastycznych. Szerzej opisano leksykalny wybór w odniesieniu do pleonazmów obecnych w wybranych kontekstach Psałterza. Uwagę poświęcono także analogicznym strukturom omówionym w literaturze przedmiotu. Podkreślono specyficzny emfatyczny charakter (s)cs. pleonazmów psałterzowych, podobny do ich grecko-hebrajskich ekwiwalentów. Wskazano na wyraźną zgodność co do użyć konstrukcji pleonastycznych w porównywanych (s)cs. psałterzach, z reguły uzasadnioną greckim/hebrajskim wzorcem (wzorcami). Przypadki mogące świadczyć o usamodzielnieniu się na gruncie słowiańskim analizowanych biblijnych struktur stylistycznych odnotowuje się jako wyjątki.
Hasła z gwiazdkami w "Słowniku prasłowiańskim" (1974–2001) pod redakcją Franciszka Sławskiego
Authors: Lewaszkiewicz Tadeusz
Published: February 2021

Asterisked Entries in the Proto‑Slavic Dictionary (Słownik prasłowiański, 1974–2001), edited by Franciszek Sławski Volumes 5–8 of the Proto-Slavic Dictionary (Słownik prasłowiański, 1974–2001), edited by Franciszek Sławski, include 116 asterisked entries; 109 of them concern the Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages (Ėtimologicheskiĭ slovarʹ slavianskikh iazykov, 1974–2018), edited by O. N. Trubachev, and the remaining 7 – other authors and Slavic dictionary sources. The entries in question almost exclusively contain strongly critical assessment of reconstruction and etymologisation of particular items of Slavic lexis proposed in those publications. Although the asterisked entries (authored mainly by Sławski) are certainly of high scholarly standard, some of the proposals they criticise should be considered viable. Possibly, those hypotheses can be positively verified in the future, when we have a more extensive knowledge on historical and modern Slavic dialectal lexis and appellative vocabulary preserved in onomastic material. Hasła z gwiazdkami w Słowniku prasłowiańskim (1974–2001) pod redakcją Franciszka Sławskiego W tomach 5–8 Słownika prasłowiańskiego (1974–2001) pod redakcją Franciszka Sławskiego znajduje się 116 artykułów hasłowych z gwiazdkami – 109 dotyczy Etymologicznego słownika języków słowiańskich (1974–2018) pod redakcją O. N. Trubaczowa, 7 zaś innych autorów i kompendiów slawistycznych. Hasła z gwiazdkami zawierają prawie wyłącznie jednoznacznie krytyczne oceny rekonstrukcji prasłowiańskich i innych przejawów etymologizowania leksyki słowiańskiej. Hasła z gwiazdkami (zredagowane głównie przez F. Sławskiego) zasługują na wysoką ocenę. Część skrytykowanych etymologii należy jednak potraktować jako wartościowe hipotezy. Być może w przyszłości zostaną one pozytywnie zweryfikowane, gdy lepiej poznamy dawną oraz istniejącą współcześnie słowiańską leksykę gwarową i słownictwo pospolite zawarte w słowiańskich materiałach onomastycznych.
Rec.: Aleksandra Niewiara, "Imagologia – pamięć zbiorowa – umysł i kultura", Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, Katowice 2019, 320 ss.
Authors: Masłowska Ewa
Published: February 2021

Review: Aleksandra Niewiara, Imagologia – pamięć zbiorowa – umysł i kultura, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, Katowice 2019, 320 pp.This paper is a review of Aleksandra Niewiara’s monograph Imagologia – pamięć zbiorowa – umysł i kultura [Imagology – Collective Memory – Mind and Culture]. The volume investigates the nature of collective conceptions of nations in terms of ethnolinguistic imagology. It consists of a theoretical part (“Concepts of Nations in the Light of Cognitive Studies on Culture”), an analytical part (examining verbal and visual data) and a comparative part, which discusses ways of constructing ideas about nations as cultural conceptualisations: networks of concepts present in the minds of members of a community (and therefore also representatives of a culture). Concepts of nations have thus far been considered a static and fragmentary category. The reviewed monograph shows this category as an element of the network of culture, which reflects the basic image schemas and – like any part of culture – changes over time. Rec.: Aleksandra Niewiara, Imagologia – pamięć zbiorowa – umysł i kultura, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, Katowice 2019, 320 ss.Niniejszy artykuł stanowi recenzję monografii poświęconej polskim wyobrażeniom o narodach w ujęciu imagologii etnolingwistycznej. Praca składa się z trzech części: teoretycznej (Wyobrażenia o narodach w świetle kognitywnych badań kultury), analitycznej (danych werbalnych i wizualnych) oraz badawczej w formie dyskusji nad sposobem konstruowania wyobrażeń o narodach jako konceptualizacji kulturowych w postaci sieci pojęć obecnych w umysłach pojedynczych osób wybranej grupy społecznej – reprezentantów danej kultury. Kategoria wyobrażeń o narodach, uważana dotąd za specyficzną ze względu na statyczny i wycinkowy sposób konceptualizacji, przedstawiona została jako jeden z elementów sieci kultury, odwzorowujący podstawowe schematy wyobrażeniowe i podlegający – jak cała kultura – zmianom na osi czasu.
Staying away, staying alive: Exploring risk and stigma of COVID-19 in the context of beliefs, actors and hierarchies in India
Authors: Joshi Bhavna , Swarnakar Pradip
Published: February 2021

The article examines the media discourse of risk and stigma which developed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in India, employing the theoretical frameworks of Mary Douglas and Erving Goffman. Accessing the Factiva database archive, the authors analysed a total of 139 stigma-linked media reports, using the Discourse Network Analyzer (DNA) to identify thematic groups of beliefs and related actors contributing to the risk discourse on the contagion. The results exhibit a clear difference in opinion on various stigma-related beliefs among the individuals diagnosed or assumed susceptible to COVID-19, including the issue of disclosing identities. In India, domestic actors have dominated the media discourse, particularly national government agencies, rather than intergovernmental organisations or foreign governments. The media content analysis in this article shows that new hierarchies have emerged based on confirmed or suspected contact with the disease along with reinforcement of traditional myths and superstitions, leading to discrimination against the quarantined individuals, their families, healthcare staff and socially marginalised communities.
Social representations of ‘social distancing’ in response to COVID-19 in the UK media
Authors: Nerlich Brigitte , Jaspal Rusi
Published: February 2021

The emergence and spread of a new pandemic, COVID-19, have raised topics of concern for health professionals, policy makers and publics across the globe. Governments have struggled to find the right policies to stop disease transmission, but all have introduced social distancing. In the United Kingdom this has come to be understood as staying at home and, when outside, maintaining a physical distance of approximately two metres between oneself and others. In this article, the authors examine the emergence of this new social representation as portrayed in one UK broadsheet and one tabloid with the widest circulation: The Times and The Sun, between early March and early April 2020. Using social representations theory and thematic analysis, the authors show that social distancing struggled to emerge from underneath government obfuscation. It was first seen as a threat to normal life, which in modernity is predicated on mobility; it was later portrayed as a threat to social order; and finally perceived as a burden that, like the lockdown (its conceptual twin), needed to be lifted.
History and Hagiography: The Vita Sancti Servani and the Foundation of Culross Abbey
Authors: Hodgson Victoria
Published: February 2021

The Cistercian abbey of Culross was founded in 1217 on the site of an earlier church known locally to have been established by St Serf. This heritage was successfully appropriated by the new abbey through the adoption of the cult. As successors to the saint and his church, the monks were entitled to inherit their patron’s landed territories, but much of this property seems to have been in other hands. A comparison of the earliest landed endowment of Culross Abbey with the cult landscape presented by the Vita Sancti Servani reveals that certain alienated properties appear to have been reclaimed on this basis. For this reason, the Vita must be understood as a piece of history writing: it recorded past events as they were known locally to have occurred. The Vita is our window into what that version of history was.
Real-Time Driving Distraction Recognition Through a Wrist-Mounted Accelerometer
Authors: Xie Ziyang , Li Li , Xu Xu
Published: February 2021

Objective

We propose a method for recognizing driver distraction in real time using a wrist-worn inertial measurement unit (IMU).

Background

Distracted driving results in thousands of fatal vehicle accidents every year. Recognizing distraction using body-worn sensors may help mitigate driver distraction and consequently improve road safety.

Methods

Twenty participants performed common behaviors associated with distracted driving while operating a driving simulator. Acceleration data collected from an IMU secured to each driver’s right wrist were used to detect potential manual distractions based on 2-s long streaming data. Three deep neural network-based classifiers were compared for their ability to recognize the type of distractive behavior using F1-scores, a measure of accuracy considering both recall and precision.

Results

The results indicated that a convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) deep neural network outperformed a convolutional neural network (CNN) and recursive neural network with long short-term memory (LSTM) for recognizing distracted driving behaviors. The within-participant F1-scores for the ConvLSTM, CNN, and LSTM were 0.87, 0.82, and 0.82, respectively. The between-participant F1-scores for the ConvLSTM, CNN, and LSTM were 0.87, 0.76, and 0.85, respectively.

Conclusion

The results of this pilot study indicate that the proposed driving distraction mitigation system that uses a wrist-worn IMU and ConvLSTM deep neural network classifier may have potential for improving transportation safety.
Face and age recognition using three-dimensional discrete wavelet transform and rotational local binary pattern with radial basis function support vector machine method
Authors: Singh Ajit , Kant Chander
Published: February 2021

Interest in facial recognition hypotheses and algorithms has grown steadily over the last few decades. Video monitoring, criminal identification, building access control, and unmanned and autonomous vehicles are only a few examples of concrete applications that are becoming increasingly attractive to industry. Various techniques are being developed, including local, holistic, and hybrid approaches, which use only a few face image characteristics or the entire facial features to provide a face image description. Many methods have good results, if there are sufficiently representative training samples per person, in the face recognition system. Facial part finding and extraction show the utmost vital role in face and age recognition. In this research work a new algorithm is proposed for Face and Age Recognition (FAR) by using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Radial Basis Function Support Vector Machine (RBF-SVM) classifier, and Rotational Local Binary Pattern (RLBP). RLBP is utilized for the selection and extraction of features from the face image. In this algorithm, extract the face component like Nose, Mouth, Left and Right eye. In the preprocessing stage median filter is used to remove noises from the face image. By using this, there is an improvement in the feature extraction procedure. In pattern recognition, a basic errand is finding a picture from the picture parts. For the implementation of results FG-NET ((Face and Gesture Recognition Network) and AT&T datasets are used. The detection rate of face recognition has reached up to 92–98% and the detection rate for age recognition is 87%. The proposed algorithm is compared with SVM shows better over previous algorithms and also estimate the value of accuracy.
Unique and cumulative effects of lifestyle-related behaviors on depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents
Authors: Cao Ruilin , Gao Tingting , Ren Hui , Hu Yueyang , Qin Zeying , Liang Leilei , Li Chuanen , Mei Songli
Published: February 2021

Background:

It is well known that some lifestyle-related behaviors are related to depressive symptoms, but the unique and cumulative effects of lifestyle-related behaviors on depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents are still controversial.

Aims:

The aims of this study were to examine the unique and cumulative effects of lifestyle-related behaviors on depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents, and explored the potential influences of gender difference on these associations.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional study among 3967 Chinese adolescents aged 11 to 19 from Jilin, China during September and October of 2018. Students reported their lifestyle factors including sleep duration, time spent on computer, time spent on television, time spent on homework, eating breakfast, smoking, drinking, physical activity, and outdoor activity. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).

Results:

The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 28.2% among Chinese adolescents. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that sleep duration <8 hour/day, time spent on homework ⩾3 hour/day, skipping breakfast, alcohol use, physical activity <3 days/week, and outdoor activity <2 hour/day were positively associated with depressive symptoms in both girls and boys. Time spent on computer ⩾2 hour/day was an independent risk predictor for depressive symptoms in males, while smoking only showed higher risk of depressive symptoms in females. There was an additive relationship between the lifestyle risk index scores and the risk of depressive symptoms for both genders, the relationship being strongest among females.

Conclusion:

The important role of lifestyle factors should be taking into consideration when create intervention programs to prevent and reduce depressive symptoms among adolescents. In addition, preventive interventions may need to focus on gender-informed approaches when targeting multiple lifestyle factors.
Experimental and statistical analysis of robotic 3D printing process parameters for continuous fiber reinforced composites
Authors: İpekçi Ahmet , Ekici Bülent
Published: February 2021

3D printing technology has gradually taken its place in many sectors. However, expected performance cannot be obtained from the structural parts with this method due to the raw material properties and constraints of Cartesian motion systems. This technology cannot replace structural parts produced by traditional manufacturing methods. In order to avoid these constraints, it is preferred to use continuous fiber reinforced polymer composites in many areas such as automotive and aerospace industries due to their low weight and high specific strength properties. These automated composite manufacturing methods currently have limited production of geometric shapes due to the need for additional molds and production as flat surfaces. To overcome all these constraints, fiberglass reinforced ultraviolet ray-curing polymer matrix composite material are selected for robotic 3 D printing process and various parameters are examined. Fiber-polymer combination and layer structure formation was examined. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of sections of 3 D printed test samples were taken and fiber resin curing was examined. The nozzle diameter, printing speed, fiber density and Ultra Violet (UV) light intensity parameters, which will provide effective 3 D printing process, are optimized with the Taguchi method. Tensile strength, flexural strength and izod impact values are considered as result parameters for optimization. It was found that it would be appropriate for 3D printing with a 1.0 mm nozzle diameter, 600 tex fiber density, 4 UV light, 600 mm/min printing speed. With these 3D printing process parameters, approximately 125 MPa tensile strength and 450 MPa flexural strength can be obtained. With this study, support and contribution was provided to researchers, composite producers, tool manufacturer and literature who want to use and develop this 3D printing process.
Comparative Analysis of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of First to Third Grade Teachers of Private and Public Schools Toward Free Play
Authors: Feliciano Clarizza Jon O. , Dy Marison Felicidad R.
Published: February 2021

With limited studies that focus on middle childhood education and free play, this study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) related to free play of 120 early grade schoolteachers in private and public schools of Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. The data were gathered via self-administered questionnaire. The study used descriptive and statistical means to analyze data. Findings show that teachers have knowledge on free play; however, there were negative attitudes toward play, and play was not practiced. Thus, teachers and education administrators are recommended to make adjustments for teachers’ pedagogical advancement on play in middle childhood.
Drivers of convergence: The role of first- and second-nature geography
Authors: Arvanitopoulos Theodoros , Monastiriotis Vassilis , Panagiotidis Theodore
Published: February 2021

The analysis of regional convergence often stays at the level of documentation, with limited attention placed on the drivers of convergence/divergence dynamics. This article offers a systematic analysis of this, examining the role of first-nature (location, proximity, physical geography) and second-nature geography (economic structure, agglomeration, economic potential) in accounting for regional synchronicity in growth trajectories (stochastic convergence). Utilising historical data for Greece at the prefectural level and up-to-date time-series econometric techniques, we test for the presence of stochastic convergence in the country over three decades prior to the crisis; identify the pairs of regions which exhibit co-movement in their growth dynamics; and examine the covariates of this. Our results unveil a picture of limited-only and cluster-like convergence, driven predominantly by factors related to accessibility, sectoral specialisations, labour market dynamism, market potential and selected locational characteristics. This supports two propositions: (a) convergence is an endogenous process, related to shared and incongruent characteristics of regions; and, by implication, (b) regional disparities are structural (in the sense that they are linked to economic and spatial structure) and thus require targeted policies in order to be addressed.
Studying “useful plants” from Maria Theresa to Napoleon: Continuity and invisibility in agricultural science, northern Italy, the late eighteenth to early nineteenth century
Authors: Lorenzo Fagnani Martino
Published: February 2021

This article analyzes Italian research and experimentation on the economic potential of certain plant species in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, also providing insight into beekeeping and honey production. It focuses on continuity of method and progress across regimes and on the invisibility of many of the actors involved in the development of agricultural science and food research. Specifically, “continuity” refers to the continuation of certain threads of Old-Regime experimentation by the scientific apparatus put in place during the Napoleonic era. These threads were reworked and strengthened with the new means available to Frenchified Europe. The concept of “invisibility” derives from an expression by Steven Shapin and refers to actors who contributed to the development of agricultural science while remaining in the shadows. These include various types of technicians and members of rural society who supported the scientific work of scholars without receiving overt recognition. Continuity and invisibility were therefore two fundamental components both in the epistemological development of agricultural science and in the improvement of food research. The article analyzes case studies mainly from northern Italy – or rather, the various geopolitical entities existing in this geographical region – during the late Old Regime and the Napoleonic era, comparing them with examples from all over Europe.
Responding to Wobbly Classrooms through Scaffolded, Peer-Led, Small-Group Presentations of Personal Learning Goals: The Beyond the Book Tool
Authors: Mattson Greggor
Published: February 2021

Teaching topics that implicate student identities, traumas, and/or activism is challenging because students often come with very personal attachments to curricular and extracurricular topics, such as in courses on sexualities, race, gender, and/or social movements. These classes may be described as “wobbly,” responding to outside events and occasionally tipping over. Wobbly classes present an opportunity, however, to meet students where they are while achieving broader course and learning objectives. This teaching note presents a curricular innovation, Beyond the Book (BtB). BtB directs students to articulate a personal learning goal and groups students into collaborative teams to peer teach peer-reviewed scholarship on common themes in scaffolded sessions. This framework allows students to develop their personal learning goals in the context of shared course materials, fosters collaboration and trust, develops their research and presentation skills, and exposes learners to a broad range of research relevant to them.
City of Water: Port-au-Prince, Inequality, and the Social Meaning of Rain
Authors: Antone Payton Claire
Published: February 2021

T﻿he history of water infrastructures in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, illuminates the role of the environment in the production of social and political inequality. This article combines original archival research with insights from political ecology and urban anthropology to argue that the circulation of drinking water and flood water was a critical and quotidian form of exchange connecting Haiti’s stratified social hierarchies. A comparative historical analysis of two neighborhoods representative of elite and non-elite communities demonstrates that water infrastructures exacerbated poverty and inequality by facilitating the upward distribution of wealth and the downward distribution of risk. A case study of water politics in the 1970s shows how the Duvalier dictatorship’s technocratic reforms changed urban elites’ expectations of the state and made urban water dynamics a key metric for assessing the presence of the state in daily life. Dominant narratives of urban crisis in Haiti tend to focus exclusively on the challenges posed by unchecked rural-to-urban migration and the demographic expansion of the underclass. This article offers a new angle by uncovering the destructive environmental consequences of elite-driven urban development.
The use of magnetostrictive intelligent sensors for fault tolerant control of induction motors with energy harvesting principle
Authors: Mounir Meddad , Adil Eddiai , Nabil Chakhchaoui , Mohamed Idiri
Published: February 2021

Asynchronous machines are omnipresent in automated production systems, due to their robustness and ease of use. These electric motors, however, also concede faults (e.g. short-circuit between turns) leading to unplanned stoppages. Defects with their effects are reflected in the magnitudes of the motors, mainly in flux, current, speed and torque. Our research work in this article presents a contribution of a new approach to the fault tolerant control. This simple and efficient method based solely on the measurement of the electrical energy applied by the magnetostrictive material requires expert knowledge in the field of intelligent materials.

In this work, our method is focused on an additive term in the backstepping control that is based on the error of the current during the appearance of the default and the energy recovered by magnetostrictive sensors and the adaptive gain of the Kalman filter. This method improves the performance of backstepping control to maintain the operation despite the appearance of defects. The target is to ensure a minimum performance level of the drive system that is malfunctioning. The obtained results have provided useful information on multiple electrical malfunctions and show the overall performance of this complementary methodology for the fault tolerant control.
Managers on balancing employment protection and what’s good for the company: Intended and unintended consequences of a semi-coercive institution
Authors: Stern Charlotta , Weidenstedt Linda
Published: February 2021

Sweden’s institutionalized employment protection legislation, ‘LAS’, is interesting theoretically because parts of it are semi-coercive. The semi-coerciveness makes it possible for firms and unions under collective agreements to negotiate departures from the law. Thus, the law is more flexible than the legal text suggests. The present study explores intended and unintended consequences of LAS as experienced by managers of smaller manufacturing companies. The results suggest that managers support the idea of employment protection in principle but face a difficult balancing act in dealing with LAS. From their point of view, the legislation’s institutional legitimacy is low, producing local cultures of hypocrisy and pretense. The article gives insights into how institutions aimed at specific, intended behavior sometimes end up producing unintended consequences fostering the opposite.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak During Stapes Surgery: The Importance of Temporal Bone CT Reconstructions in Oblique Anatomically Oriented Planes
Authors: Re Massimo , Giannoni Mirko , Scarpa Alfonso , Cassandro Claudia , Ralli Massimo , De Luca Pietro , Aragona Teodoro , Viola Pasquale , Cassandro Ettore , Gioacchini Federico Maria , Franceschini Stefano Sellari
Published: February 2021

Stapes gusher is a massive flow of perilymph and cerebrospinal fluid leak that fills the middle ear immediately after surgical opening of the labyrinth, such as during stapedectomy. Stapes gusher usually occurs as the result of a congenital malformation that causes an abnormal communication between the perilymphatic space and the subarachnoid space involving the internal auditory canal or the cochlear duct. To date, the potential risk of stapes gusher cannot be assessed preoperatively, as there are not pathognomonic signs suggestive of this complication. However, high-resolution computed tomography scan (HRCT) of the temporal bone can provide information that may help recognizing patients at risk. Recently, an anatomic evaluation of the inner ear with oblique reformation at HRCT has been described. This reformation offers a new and more detailed topographic vision of temporal bone structures compared to the classic axial and coronal planes and may help identifying anatomical alterations otherwise not visible. In this article, we present a case of stapes gusher and the role of preoperative HRCT with oblique reformation in its prevention.
Commodifying a “Good” Weather Data: Commercial Meteorology, Low-cost Stations, and the Global Scientific Infrastructure
Authors: Oui Jeanne
Published: February 2021

Since the 2000s, European open data policies have given a strong boost to commercial meteorology by giving free access to weather observations and models produced by public organizations. This article examines the efforts and challenges met by a French company that developed an offer of weather services based on the commodification of both open weather data and local observations produced by low-cost stations used by farmers. However, the paper shows that such commercialization of stations’ data is hampered both by their material friction with the weather infrastructure and by an economic friction related to data’s heterogeneous valuations. As solving the economic friction generated by data’s valuation is the priority of commercial meteorologists, they finally differentiate their offer using simulated weather data produced by computing models. Finally, the paper claims that the commercial process inherent to the use of this other type of data subordinates weather science to a logic of services: when designing a service for agriculture, the company considered that simulated data were more suited to digital farm advising services. In the end, it is the capacity of weather data to be integrated into private services and tools that valuate them as suited to guide farming practices.
Egg Freezing at the End of Romance: A Technology of Hope, Despair, and Repair
Authors: Inhorn Marcia C. , Birenbaum-Carmeli Daphna , Yu Ruoxi , Patrizio Pasquale
Published: February 2021

The newest innovation in assisted reproduction is oocyte cryopreservation, more commonly known as egg freezing, which has been developed as a method of fertility preservation. Studies emerging from around the world show that highly educated professional women are turning to egg freezing in their late thirties to early forties, because they are still searching for a male partner with whom to have children. For these women, egg freezing may be a new “hope technology” for future romance; but it may also be a “technology of despair,” as women navigate the ends of a failing relationship. Based on the largest ethnographic study to date, undertaken with 150 women who froze their eggs for nonmedical reasons in the United States and Israel, we examine egg freezing at the end of romance. Relationship dissolution—involving divorce, separation, broken engagements, and relationship breakups from men who are unfaithful, controlling, rejecting, uncommitted, or unready for fatherhood—is one of the major pathways to egg freezing. When such relationship dissolution ruptures a woman’s reproductive life course, egg freezing may become a “technology of repair,” allowing women to find new strengths and opportunities as well as new visions for the future.
Competing Transport Futures: Tensions between Imaginaries of Electrification and Biogas Fuel in Sweden
Authors: Mutter Amelia , Rohracher Harald
Published: February 2021

The choice of fuels has frequently been at the center of debates about how a future low-carbon mobility system can be achieved. This paper introduces two visions of biogas fuels and electricity using material from interviews and documents in Swedish transport. These visions are analyzed as interrelated sociotechnical imaginaries. To better understand the way visions of biogas and electric vehicles (EVs) dynamically shape and condition each other, four dimensions of sociotechnical imaginaries are further developed: spatial boundedness, temporality, coherence and contestation, and the socio-material relations they are associated with. Imaginaries of biogas and EVs differ with respect to these characteristics. The biogas imaginary is made up of locally bounded visions of the desirable future, showing how imaginaries can be fragmented and contested, often because of their embeddedness in local socio-material systems of resource use. This local boundedness is exemplified by contrasting cases of contested biogas imaginaries in the Swedish municipalities of Linköping and Malmö. The imaginary of EVs, in contrast, is more uniform nationally and even influenced by international expectations that in the future vehicles will be shared, electric, and autonomous. The qualities of these imaginaries shape the way they interrelate and coevolve as sociotechnical changes of the transport system unfold.
Personal network, recruitment pattern and network characteristics of female sex workers in a high HIV prevalent state of India
Authors: Phukan Sanjib Kumar , Hazarika Jiten
Published: February 2021

Personal network characteristics have an important role in assessing the hard-to-reach population. The purpose of the study was to assess the network characteristic, recruitment pattern and the association between personal networks with other cofactors of female sex workers (FSWs) in Nagaland, India. Four hundred and seventeen FSWs were recruited through Respondent Driven Sampling in Dimapur, Nagaland using seven seeds. Transition probability matrices and homophily indices were used to describe the network characteristics and network pattern of FSWs. Respondent Driven Sampling weighted logistic regression model was performed to observed the association. Mean personal network size of FSWs was 6.8. Heterophily was present for age at first sexual debut, duration of sex work, client volume per weeks, and personal network size. Being >30 years of age, having ≥10 years of engagement in sex work, being hotel/lodge entertainer, having more client were found significantly associated with an increased likelihood of personal network size. Higher personal network size was also found significantly associated with ever illicit drug used practices. The personal network sized and the existence of the affiliation between recruiters and recruitees may help to spread peer-driven intervention among FSWs in the region. Further, research is required on the social networks of FSWs for a better understanding of their personal network, network pattern, and high-risk behaviors in all aspects to build a better foundation for behavioral intervention.
Latino/a young adults’ experiences of acculturative stress, depressive symptoms, and romantic relationship commitment: Ethnic identity as protective
Authors: Maiya Sahitya , Killoren Sarah E. , Monk J. Kale , Kline Gabrielle C. , Chavez Fiorella L. Carlos
Published: February 2021

We examined the direct and indirect effects of acculturative stress via depressive symptoms on romantic relationship commitment, and the moderating role of ethnic identity (EI) in these associations. Participants included 475 Latino/a young adults (61% women; M age = 25 years). Using conditional process modeling, we found that Latino/a young adults experiencing acculturative stress displayed greater depressive symptoms, which in turn, resulted in lower relationship commitment. Acculturative stress was also directly related to relationship commitment. EI buffered the negative effects of acculturative stress on relationship commitment. Discussion focuses on the interplay of EI and depressive symptoms for the relationship commitment of Latino/a young adults experiencing acculturative stress.
Academic use of smartphones among medical students in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Haseena , Malik Amara
Published: February 2021

This study examined the use of smartphones as an academic tool amongst medical students from a developing country context. The study also aimed at identifying the perceived benefits and barriers to using smartphones in medical education. A cross sectional survey was administered to the students from nine medical institutes in Pakistan. A structured questionnaire was self-administered to 270 students from MBBS program. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23. All the respondents owned a smartphone. They used smartphones to browse the Internet to find medical information (100%), to share educational material (90%), and to take notes (79%). Easy and speedy access to information and improvement in study skills were the major benefits, while limited wireless access, small screen, and lack of awareness about medical resources were the main barriers. The students had a positive attitude towards smartphone as an academic tool. Smartphones use is likely to increase with the emergence of new developments in terms of design, medical apps and educational resources.
Confronting Racism and Bias Within Early Intervention: The Responsibility of Systems and Individuals to Influence Change and Advance Equity
Authors: Boone Blanchard Sheresa , Ryan Newton Jennifer , Didericksen Katherine W. , Daniels Michael , Glosson Kia
Published: February 2021

Many early intervention systems are focused on “fixing” children to support development and inclusion. However, we need to acknowledge systemic racism and bias to focus on early settings, schools, and practitioners who are ready for all children. Furthermore, knowledge about the existence of bias and its possible harmful effects support a need for thoughtful, systems-level decisions. We propose a conceptual model for acknowledging the impact of social stratification mechanisms like systemic racism on the development of young children of color in early intervention to ensure equitable access and outcomes. Through this acknowledgment, we can consider systems-level change to build equity-empowered settings and classrooms that support optimal development for all children, especially children of color and with disabilities.
Efficacy and safety of a modified method for blind bedside placement of post-pyloric feeding tube: a prospective preliminary clinical trial
Authors: Bing Xiong , Yinshan Tang , Ying Jin , Yingchuan Shen
Published: February 2021

Objective

To compare the efficacy and safety of a new modified method of bedside post-pyloric feeding tube catheterization with the Corpak protocol versus electromagnetic-guided catheterization.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a single-center, single-blinded, prospective clinical trial. Sixty-three patients were treated with a non-gravity type gastrointestinal feeding tube using different procedures: modified bedside post-pyloric feeding tube placement (M group), the conventional Corpak protocol (C group), and standard electromagnetic-guided tube placement (EM group).

Results

The success rate in the M group, C group, and EM group was 82.9% (34/41), 70.7% (29/41), and 88.2% (15/17), respectively, with significant differences among the groups. The time required to pass the pylorus was significantly shorter in the M group (26.9 minutes) than in the C group (31.9 minutes) and EM group (42.1 minutes). The proportion of pylorus-passing operations completed within 30 minutes was significantly higher in the M group than in the C group and EM group. No severe complications occurred.

Conclusion

This modified method of bedside post-pyloric feeding tube catheterization significantly shortened the time required to pass the pylorus with no severe adverse reactions. This method is effective and safe for enteral nutrition catheterization of patients with dysphagia and a high risk of aspiration pneumonia.
Disparities in Bicycle Commuting: Could Bike Lane Investment Widen the Gap?
Authors: Braun Lindsay M.
Published: February 2021

This article examines how bicycle commuting is associated with bike lane access and sociodemographic advantage at the block group level in twenty-two U.S. cities. Using regression models with interaction terms, I find that associations between bike lanes and bicycle commuting are stronger among more advantaged block groups, due primarily to limited bicycle commuting in disadvantaged block groups even when bike lanes are present. This indicates the importance of considering heterogeneous effects in planning research and suggests that bike lane investment, in isolation, could widen sociodemographic disparities in cycling and its benefits if non-infrastructure barriers to cycling are not also addressed.
Cardiovascular damage associated with subchronic exposure to the glyphosate herbicide in Wistar rats
Authors: Maia Fernando Cézar Cardoso , Porto Rebecca Andrade , Magalhães Letícia Rocha , Chagas Pedro Henrique Nahas , Nai Gisele Alborghetti
Published: February 2021

Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the world. Although some studies have shown cardiac electrophysiological changes associated to glyphosate, the histopathological changes that this herbicide may cause in the cardiovascular system are not yet established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular effects of subchronic oral and inhalation exposure to the glyphosate herbicide in rats. Eighty albino Wistar rats were distributed into eight groups (five males and five females/group): inhalation control: nebulization with sodium chloride solution (NaCl); oral control: nebulized feed with NaCl; low inhalation concentration: nebulization with 3.71 × 10−3 grams of active ingredient per hectare (g.a.i./ha) of glyphosate; low oral concentration: nebulized feed with 3.71 × 10−3 g.a.i./ha of glyphosate; medium inhalation concentration: nebulization with 6.19 × 10−3 g.a.i./ha of glyphosate; medium oral concentration: nebulized feed with 6.19 × 10−3 g.a.i./ha of glyphosate; high inhalation concentration: nebulization with 9.28 × 10−3 g.a.i./ha of glyphosate; and high oral concentration: nebulized feed with 9.28 × 10−3 g.a.i./ha of glyphosate. After 75 days of exposure, the animals were euthanized, and aortas and hearts were collected for histopathological analysis. Fatty streaks were observed in most animals exposed to glyphosate and were more prevalent in male rats, regardless of the route of exposure ( p < 0.05). There were no differences in the measurements of the thickness of the right and left ventricle or in the collagen density of both ventricles in any of the groups evaluated ( p > 0.05). Our study suggests that glyphosate has atherogenic potential, regardless of the concentration and route of exposure.