bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dermatological manifestations in diabetes mellitus and its relation with HbA1c levels – An observational study
Authors: Karra Manisha Chinmayi , Maheswari Palle Mokshagna , Atluri Swetha chowdary , Samanthula Haritha
Published: November 2024

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic, metabolic disease characterised by elevated levels of blood glucose, which over time leads to serious damage. The most common is type 2 diabetes which occurs when body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t make enough insulin. Skin manifestations are seen generally in pre-diabetes, undiagnosed, long-term and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Skin symptoms may help in diagnosing a denovo case and may give an insight into the patient's diabetic status.

This is a cross-sectional, observational study conducted in patients attending the outpatient departments of Dermatology, General Medicine and those admitted under these departments over a period of four months. Clearance from Institutional Ethics Committee was taken before the start of the study. A sample population of 100 was selected randomly based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Glycaemic profiles including HbA1c were done.

Infections (35%) were the most common cutaneous symptoms, followed by papulosquamous illnesses (19%), autoimmune diseases (7%), obesity-related (6%), diabetic vasculopathy-related (5%) and miscellaneous conditions (28%), which included generalised pruritus and xerosis etc. The majority of infections were superficial fungal infections, followed by bacterial and viral infections. Dermatophytosis accounted for a majority of superficial fungal infections. Significant correlation was found between higher HbA1c levels and infections, papulo-squamous diseases, auto-immune diseases, obesity-related manifestations.

Higher HbA1c levels were found to be significantly associated with a variety of cutaneous symptoms such as infections, papulosquamous illnesses, autoimmune disorders, and obesity-related manifestations.
Effect of hyperhidrosis on quality of life and its correlation with anxiety
Authors: Chaudhary Azra Ferheen , Monga Prabhnoor , Manjhi Mukesh , Sagar Vivek , Mohan Sneha
Published: November 2024

Hyperhidrosis, characterized by excessive sweating beyond thermoregulatory needs, affects about 3% of the global population. This condition, often underreported and underdiagnosed, significantly impairs quality of life (QoL) and may correlate with increased anxiety.

This study explores the impact of hyperhidrosis on QoL and examines its correlation with anxiety levels among affected individuals.

A qualitative and correlational study was conducted over two months, involving 70 participants who met inclusion criteria from an initial screening of 366 individuals. Data were collected using a QoL questionnaire and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Participants were recruited through snowball sampling from a dermatology department and social networks.

Of the 70 participants, 91.4% reported that excessive sweating adversely affected their daily lives. Key areas impacted included physical activities (37.1%), hobbies and chores (50%), work and career (24.3%), use of technology (37.5%), physical discomfort (62.8%), and clothing choices (50%). Psychosocial effects were substantial, with 88.6% of participants experiencing negative emotions, 78.5% reporting nervousness and lack of self-confidence, and 82.8% avoiding social interactions. STAI results indicated that 11.4% had no or low anxiety, 52.8% had moderate anxiety, and 35.7% had high anxiety. The severity of hyperhidrosis correlated with higher anxiety levels.

Hyperhidrosis profoundly impacts QoL and is strongly associated with elevated anxiety levels. Despite its significant effects, there is a lack of awareness and understanding of hyperhidrosis among sufferers and healthcare providers. Enhancing awareness and implementing appropriate interventions are crucial to improve the QoL and mental health of individuals with hyperhidrosis.
Evaluation of the minor clinical features of Hanifin and Rajka amongst children with atopic dermatitis, visiting a tertiary care hospital in North Eastern India
Authors: Chatterjee Shreeni , Gupta Bhaskar , Das Debajit
Published: November 2024

Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a commonly encountered, extremely itchy, chronic and relapsing skin disorder, which is characterized by inflammation in the skin. It typically has its onset in childhood, presenting with eczematous lesions; and can also be associated with personal or family history of “atopy”, usually most often. The criterion put by Hanifin and Rajka, encompassing 4 major plus 23 minor criteria, is not infrequently used as a diagnostic criterion for this disease in a hospital setup; however, the frequency of occurrence of the minor criteria usually varies in the population.

The study aims at estimating the frequency of the minor diagnostic criteria of the Hanifin and Rajka in children with AD.

This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study, that was conducted on 70 children (less than 18yrs of age) by taking their history, doing clinical and ophthalmological examination and some basic tests.

The most common occurrence amongst the minor criteria estimated from our study was xerosis i.e., in 45(64.2%). The other common minor criteria observed were pityriasis alba (42.8%) facial erythema (40%), orbital darkening (37.14%) Early age of onset was seen in children (35.7%).

There is variation in the clinical features of AD according to geography and population. The prevalence and severity of the disease are dependent on several factors like ethnicity/race and environment. Hence, it is important for dermatologists to know the usual and common ways the disease presents, in a given population for the diagnosis so as to diagnose and treat the patients at an earlier stage and before significant discomfort.
Unveiling the invisible: Utility of direct immunofluorescence in non-bullous skin lesions
Authors: K Madan , Rai Preethi , C S Jayaprakash , Bhat Ramesh M , T Umashankar , Sherikar Priti
Published: November 2024

Histopathology is the cornerstone for diagnosis of dermatological conditions, with developments in immunopathology; direct immunofluorescence is a proven adjunct in bullous and non-bullous disorders. Here we emphasize the role of direct immunofluorescence in non-bullous diseases encountered in clinical practice.

This is a descriptive, ambispective study conducted over a period of 3 years, where all clinically observed non-bullous disorders were included. The samples were processed for histopathology and direct immunofluorescence and results observed. The collected data was evaluated and analyzed and the clinical, histopathological and DIF diagnosis were compared across each other.

Our cohort consisted of 61 cases of non-bullous lesions, of total 141 skin samples received for direct immunofluorescence. Majority of cases were vasculitis(44%), followed by lichen planus(24%), lupus erythematosus(6%), and psoriasis(5%) among others. An overall good clinic-histological concordance(87%) was noted with positive direct immunofluorescence findings in 68.85% cases. Direct immunofluorescence was crucial in establishing the diagnosis of vasculitis and further categorization into Henoch-Schonlein purpura(IgA vasculitis), diagnosis of case of lichen planus & lupus erythematosus with non-specific histomorphology and in ruling out of dermatitis herpetiformis.

Direct immunofluorescence could be crucial in diagnosis of certain non-bullous disorders where; no diagnosis was possible due to nonspecific characteristics. In such cases, direct immunofluorescence is a rapid, efficient and convenient tool in diagnostic dermatology. However, the clinical, histopathological and direct immunofluorescence findings are always to be considered together for a definitive final diagnosis.
Patchy acute effluvium in and around the donor area following FUE hair transplant and its predilection for two-day session and high graft extraction cases
Authors: Mir Mubashar Mashqoor , Sharma Sumit , Sharma Mona
Published: November 2024

: With the advancements in Follicular unit extraction (FUE) technique of hair transplant (HT) advanced grades of baldness are taken up nowadays requiring higher donor grafts and surgery often extends to the second day. This has brought into light some lesser known complications of hair transplant like acute donor site effluvium (ADE).Data on ADE is scanty; more research is needed on associated clinico-etiological factors and presentations of the condition.

of our study was to study various clinico-epidemiological factors in patients of acute donor effluvium and to assess the relationship of number of grafts extracted with severity of ADE.

: It was a centre based retrospective cross sectional study in which 30 patients of ADE were enrolled. Clinical and photographic record of all patients of ADE presenting in the last 3 years was screened. Age, gender, co-morbidities, personal habits, grade of androgenetic alopecia, total graft extraction, severity of hair loss and duration of surgery was compiled along with photographs and follow up notes.

Mean age of patients was 33.9±5.4 years. All patients were male. Out of 30 patients 5(16.6%) were smokers and 7(23.3%) alcoholic. In 22(73.3%) of the cases of ADE the HT lasted for more than a day. The maximum duration of surgery in all cases didn’t exceed 2 days. Out of 30 cases of ADE, total grafts extracted exceeded 4000 in 28(93.3%) of cases; only 2(6.7%) of the cases had a graft extraction of <4000. There was a significant and direct correlation between the severity of ADE hair loss (using SALT score) and the number of total scalp grafts extracted (r=0.657, p=0.024).

ADE was seen more with advanced baldness requiring high scalp graft extraction of >4000 grafts and when surgery extended to second day. Hair loss in ADE correlated directly with the number of scalp grafts harvested.
Aberrant presentations of erythema nodosum leprosum
Authors: Lakshmi Anbu , P Saraswathy , R Sowmiya , V Anandan , Purushothaman Prakatha
Published: November 2024

Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) typically manifests as tender, coppery nodules accompanied by systemic symptoms and visceral involvement. However, rare morphological variants, such as erythema nodosum necroticans, EMF-like ENL, Sweet Syndrome-like ENL, the Lucio phenomenon, and vesiculobullous have also been documented. This study aims to outline the aberrant presentations of ENL and correlating it with possible triggers like COVID infection.

Records of Erythema nodosum leprosum patients for the period of 3 years were collected and patients with aberrant presentations were analysed retrospectively in terms of age, sex, onset of ENL episode, number of ENL episodes, spectrum of leprosy, morphology of lesions,systemic complications, bacteriological index, COVID status and treatment given.

Nineteen patients were included in the study. ENL necroticans is the commonest presentation followed by ecthyma like ENL and sweet syndrome like ENL. Almost all patients 14/19(73%) has given the history of COVID infection prior to the onset of ENL and has underwent treatment. The mean ENLIST score of COVID infected individuals was 8 compared to mean ENLIST Score of covid non infected individuals which was 5.

Aberrant presentations of ENL can frequently be misdiagnosed, especially in patients without a prior diagnosis of leprosy. Thus, it is crucial to maintain a strong suspicion in these cases to avoid delays in diagnosis and the resulting complications.
Deciphering the enigma of glomus tumors: A case series
Authors: Bhosale Anand Ashok , Pol Jaydeep Nilkanthrao , Sawant Rashmi Gaurav , Dugad Vivek Jawahar , Sabnis Ajay Laxman , Pol Vaishali Jaydeep , Chaudhari Pallavi Sachin , Bakare Sudhir Manohar , Awake Praneet Pradeep , Bindu Rajan Shamrao
Published: November 2024

Glomus tumors are rare contributing to less than two percent of all soft tissue tumors. Given the rarity of this tumor, there is a possibility of low suspicion and a missed clinical diagnosis. This case series suggests diagnostic and morphological clues for early diagnosis of this tumor.

This retrospective study includes nine interesting cases of glomus tumors from January 2015 to January 2024. Data was tabulated and analysed by descriptive statistics using Microsoft Excel 2016.

In this series the glomus tumors showed a mean age of (37.67± 17.5 years). Male to female ratio was 1.25:1. Most common sites were digital parts of extremities (5/9, 55.56%). Four of these digital locations were subungual (4/5, 80%). The left side (5/9, 55.56%) was the most common laterality. Duration of symptoms till diagnosis was established showed a median of three months [range was one month to nine years]. All nine cases presented with pain. The mean size of glomus lesions was 2.1±1.5 cm). Multiplicity was observed in (2/9, 22.22%) cases. Eight cases were benign (8/9, 88.89%) while one was malignant (1/9, 11.11%). Two out of these eight benign cases were glomangiomatosis. Excision biopsy was the surgical procedure performed in all of our benign cases while the malignant case was treated with amputation of the finger.

Diagnosis of glomus tumors requires a high index of clinical suspicion, especially in extra-digital locations. Awareness is essential for early diagnosis and treatment of this lesion, as it is an extremely painful condition and pain is out of proportion to the size of the lesion. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the first investigation of choice for imaging. An early biopsy can confirm the diagnosis of a glomus tumor in time. Complete surgical excision is curative with a low risk of recurrence.
Clinico-histopathological characteristics and management outcome of rare chronic infective granulomatous diseases: A case series study
Authors: Sravani Gedela , Unnikrishnan Pooja , Vijayashree Jami , Sriya Chalamalasetty Sai
Published: November 2024

Granulomatous skin diseases are common cutaneous dermatoses commonly encountered by practicing dermatologist. Granulomatous skin lesions are distinctive pattern of chronic inflammatory response of skin due to reaction against various organic and inorganic antigens. Granulomas are characterized by focal collection of epithelioid cells or histiocytes, admixed with variable number of leucocytes (especially mononuclear cells) and multinucleated giant cells. Granulomatous reaction is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction evoked by poorly soluble reactive substances. Incidence and prevalence of different types of granulomatous dermatitis depend on geographic location. Granulomatous skin lesions are common in the eastern parts of India. Many granulomatous skin lesions have identical histomorphology and conversely a single pathology can produce varied histological features. Some rare suppurative chronic granulomatous skin diseases include Botryomycosis, Actinomycosis, Rhinosporoidosis, Nocardiosis, and Cutaneous Tuberculosis.

To describe clinical, histopathological features and treatment outcome of rare chronic infective granulomatous diseases.

In this observational case series study, we retrospectively analysed six biopsy proven cases of rare chronic infective granulomatous diseases presented to our department (OPD) of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy (DVL) over a period of six months between June 2023 to November 2023 at Great Eastern Medical School and Hospital (GEMS), Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India. The patient’s full clinical history, morphology of lesions, histopathological findings and treatment outcome were analysed. Along with histopathology, other necessary laboratory investigations were performed if required.

A total of six patients were involved in the study, of whom four were males and two were females. The male to female ratio was 2:1, with a slight male majority. The most common age group was 31-40 years for both males and females. Painful raised lesion for long duration was the predominant complaint among those patients. Out of these six rare chronic granulomatous diseases, bacterial infections were common than fungal infection. All the cases showed clinical improvement after one month of starting treatment.

: Most of the patients had a chronic history with improper treatment. So, it is imperative that the clinical diagnosis has to be confirmed with histopathology for the definitive diagnosis and appropriate treatment of these rare chronic infective granulomatous diseases. All these rare cases showed excellent progress after starting the right treatment.
Critical approach for drafting scientific paper procedures & practice
Authors: Paliya Nikita , Chaudhry Sunil , Pandit Rakesh
Published: November 2024

In today's informative age, producing a well-structured scientific paper is critical for ensuring that research is read, well understood, and valued. This work focuses on the key components of a modern scientific article, providing practical advice on structure, writing, and formatting in the classical IMRAD style (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion). By following this methodology and resolving frequent issues, researchers can create clear and impactful papers that stand out in a academic orbit.

Target writing for a scientific paper: When you begin writing about your research, begin with a specific target journal in mind. The ability to accurately describe ideas, protocols/procedures, and outcomes are the pillars of scientific writing.
Exploring the patterns of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy: unravelling implications and outcomes
Authors: Mathesan Manju , Ethirajan Shanthi
Published: November 2024

: Thrombocytopenia, characterized by reduced platelet count, is a hematological disorder that can manifest during pregnancy. The intricate physiological changes of pregnancy and underlying medical conditions contribute to the complexity of thrombocytopenia, impacting both maternal health and fetal outcomes.

: A prospective observational study conducted from March 2022 to November 2023 at Saveetha Medical College. Participants included pregnant women aged 18-40 got admitted and regular blood tests assessed platelet counts, with additional data collected on demographics, medical history, and lifestyle. Maternal outcomes and fetal/neonatal outcomes were monitored. Statistical analysis employed descriptive statistics and regression analysis.

Out of 1980 deliveries, 88 patients (4.4%) had thrombocytopenia. Causes included gestational thrombocytopenia (42%), dengue (32%), severe pre-eclampsia (11%), eclampsia (6%), immune thrombocytopenia (4%), scrub typhus (2%), HELLP syndrome (2%), and partial HELLP syndrome (1%). Temporal distribution revealed 77% of diagnoses in the third trimester, emphasizing late pregnancy onset. Thrombocytopenia severity showed 69% mild, 30% moderate, and 1% severe cases. Primiparous women were more likely to present with severe thrombocytopenia (p=0.03). Perinatal outcomes depend upon the causes of thrombocytopenia in mother which includes fetal growth retardation (9%), neonatal thrombocytopenia (4%), birth asphyxia (3%), and intrauterine death (2%).

: This study contributes comprehensive insights into thrombocytopenia during pregnancy, identifying diverse causes and highlighting the importance of monitoring. The findings inform clinical practice, enhance prenatal care, and emphasize the need for early detection and individualized interventions.
What are the primary stressors faced by Obstetrics and Gynaecology residents? Do their coping strategies align with adaptability or maladaptability, as per the Brief COPE assessment?
Authors: Madan Shikha , Dahiya Pushpa , Singhal Savita Rani , Chauhan Meenakshi , Duhan Nirmala
Published: November 2024

: Obstetrics and Gynaecology is a demanding and challenging speciality of medical education. The residents are the first level of contact of all patients.

The aim and objectives of the study were to find what causes stress in the residents of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and their coping techniques.

We conducted a cross-sectional study on 45 residents pursuing post-graduation in Obstetrics and Gynaecology at PGIMS, Rohtak.

: The cause of stress in residents was long working hours, having less time for friends and family, too much paper work, new subject learnings, expectations to perform well in clinics. The coping techniques were identified like listening to music, watching movies, talking to friends and family. According to the Brief COPE assessment, the coping techniques used were adaptive in residents of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of our institute.

Those working in demanding fields like Obstetrics and Gynaecology face unique challenges and have their own coping techniques. The well-being of medical residents directly impacts their future performance as physicians
Transcerebellar diameter / abdominal circumference (TCD/AC) versus (HC/AC) head circumference / abdominal circumference --- USG prediction of fetal growth restriction? What do we observe in north Kerala, India
Authors: Shenoy Heera Trivikrama , Premarajan Ambika , Narayanan Saikrishna , Nair Lakshmi
Published: November 2024

: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) refers to a condition in which a fetus is unable to achieve its genetically determined potential. A ratio of TCD /AC which is gestational age independent is very useful in predicting FGR. This prospective comparative study compared trans-cerebellar diameter / abdominal circumference versus head circumference / abdominal circumference in predicting fetal growth restriction.

: A cross- sectional study done in 200 pregnant women attending Malabar Institute of Medical Sciences hospital during March 2018- May 2019. 40 pregnant women in third trimester with clinically suspected FGR over one year were the cases and 160 with normal growth pattern were the controls. Evaluation was done with 3.5 MHz frequency ultrasound. Fetal parameters such as BPD, HC, AC and FL were measured. Data were collected in Excel. Two morphometric ratios- TCD/AC and HC/AC will be calculated. Both TCD/ AC ratio and HC/AC of study group were compared with that of control group. The values above 2 standard deviations (SD) above mean were taken as FGR and was confirmed by postnatal newborn assessment by modified Ballard score. New born weight was compared with Fenton’s chart. If it was less than 10 percentile for the gestational age, it was diagnosed as a real case of FGR.

Maximum number of cases (46.5%) belonged to the group 26-30 years. Around 23.5% in the group 31-35 years, 23% <= 25 years and 7% of the cases were >35 years. Clinical examination accounts for a sensitivity of 89.74%, Specificity of 96.9%, positive predictive value of 87.5% and negative predictive value of 97.5%. The sensitivity for TCD/ AC ratio is 94.87%. Specificity is 99.37%, positive predictive value is 97.36% and negative predictive value is 98.76%.

TCD/AC and HC/AC were gestational age independent parameters and can be used in detecting IUGR with good diagnostic accuracy. However, TCD/AC ratio had a better diagnostic validity and accuracy compared to HC/AC ratio in predicting asymmetric FGR
Lactate dehydrogenase as a biochemical marker for prediction of maternal and perinatal outcomes in hypertensive disorders in pregnancy
Authors: Kumari Neha , Bala Ripan , Pahwa Sangeeta
Published: November 2024

Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy includes new onset hypertension in pregnancy that is gestational hypertension and already existing hypertension that is chronic hypertension and gestational hypertension sometimes worsened by preeclampsia. Preeclampsia can cause complications such as eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, renal failure, pulmonary edema, stroke, and left ventricular failure.

We aim to assessthe predictive role ofLactate Dehydrogenase value in Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.

After obtaining the informed consent, pregnant patients who were visiting Tertiary care centre and who were more than 28 weeks period of gestation were enrolled. Patients from both antenatal OPD clinics and from those who were presenting in emergency were included in this study. Serum levels of LDH were tested. Patients were monitored till delivery and 6 weeks following childbirth.

The Mean serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in eclamptic group was 1495.000±859.1230, 804.569±224.5519 in severely preeclamptic group and in mild preeclamptic group ,mean LDH levels were 520.062±110.3944. The difference between both the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001).Women with serum LDH levels > 800 IU/L and LDH levels between 601-800 IU/L, experienced considerably greater complications in preeclamptic-eclamptic group as compared to those with serum LDH levels < 600 IU/L.

Thepreeclamptic-eclamptic group of women had increased serum LDH levels. Greater LDH levels were linked to worse outcomes for mothers including placental abruption, hemolysis elevated liver enzymes low platelet count (HELLP syndrome), pulmonary edema and maternal death and they were also linked to fetal complications including intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), intrauterine growth restriction and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission.
Histopathological evaluation of the placenta: Clues of intra-uterine fetal demise
Authors: Ahuja Arvind , Jha Tanvi , Sharma Monika
Published: November 2024

Intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) is a distressful event with lasting impact and risk of recurrence. However, in majority of cases, the cause remains unexplained. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the histomorphological features of placenta, the findings associated with commonly known etiologies of IUFD and other clues provided by it in establishing the cause of IUFD.

: A prospective, observational study was conducted at a tertiary healthcare center in North India for a period of 3.5 years. A total of 104 placental specimen from IUFD cases were received and evaluated microscopically by 3 histopathologists. Data was tabulated and analyzed.

: Majority cases of IUFD were seen in multigravida women (52.8%) in the age group of 25 to 30 years. We found that inflammatory lesions in 46.1% cases, maternal vascular malformation (MVM) in 25% cases, fetal vascular malformation in (FVM) in 16.3%, combined MVM and FVM in 2.9% while 9.7% cases were idiopathic. Presence of fibrotic villi, intervillous fibrin deposition, chorioamnionitis and calcification were the most common findings. Pregnancy induced hypertension was the most common maternal cause of IUFD identified (20.3%), while congenital anomalies were the most common fetal (72.1%) and placenta previa was the most common placental cause (33.3%).

A comprehensive placental histopathological evaluation can provide clues regarding the causation and progression of IUFD, allowing clinicians to initiate early management and prevent recurrence. Patient education regarding the same may also motivate the patient to seek early and proper antenatal care in subsequent pregnancies.
Evaluating the effects of back massage during labour on delivery outcomes: A prospective study on primigravida mothers
Authors: Mishra Akash , Moncy Anitha , Jain Madhu , Kumar Ashok , Jain Shuchi , Kansal Sangeeta
Published: November 2024

The labor and delivery process can be stressful for parturient women, especially for primigravida mothers. Birth companions providing massage and emotional support can help make more pleasant birthing experience. This study aimed to assess the impact of back massage by trained birth companions on reducing analgesic use, pain intensity scores, and labor duration.

The study was conducted on primigravida women. During antenatal care visits, companions in the intervention group were trained in massage techniques, while no training was imparted to companions in the control group. Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire during antenatal clinic visits and delivery A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the impact of massage on delivery outcomes while adjusting for significant confounding variables.

The study demonstrated a positive impact of back massaging on labor and delivery outcomes. Mothers in the massaged group were 2.27 times less likely to receive analgesics and 3.71 times more likely to experience a reduction in pain intensity scores of > 2 compared to those receiving usual care. Additionally, the massaged group had a 2.24 times higher likelihood of reducing labor duration to < 12 hours compared to the usual care group.

Back massaging by trained birth companions is an effective intervention for reducing the use of analgesics, pain intensity scores, and the length of labor in primigravida women.
Diversidad y brechas de representación en la fuerza laboral escolar de Latinoamérica y el Caribe
Authors: Elacqua Gregory , Pérez-Nuñez Graciela , Abarca Erika , Etcheverry Luciana
Published: November 2024

Este estudio examina la composición demográfica del personal docente y directivo en Latinoamérica y el Caribe, así como su representatividad en relación con la población estudiantil y general. Con datos de más de cinco millones de docentes y directores escolares, se analiza la composición de género en 21 países y la composición étnico-racial en cinco países, considerando variables como el tipo de escuela, nivel de enseñanza o asignatura impartida. Dado que contar con una representación equitativa en términos de género, raza y etnicidad, en el personal docente y directivo, mejora los resultados escolares de los estudiantes, la identificación de brechas a partir de estos análisis es crucial para desarrollar políticas de contratación y promover una mayor representatividad y diversidad en la fuerza laboral escolar.
Transformando la construcción en América Latina y el Caribe: digitalización e innovación como claves para la sostenibilidad
Authors: Baptista Belén , Tala Nayib , López Sandra , Dalaison Wilhelm , Saldías Camilo
Published: November 2024

Este documento explora cómo la digitalización y métodos innovadores constructivos son una oportunidad para fomentar la construcción sostenible en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) y cómo algunos países están empezando a avanzar en esta trayectoria. Se estructura en cuatro secciones principales: introducción, clasificación de diferentes tipos de soluciones actuales que promueven la construcción sostenible, análisis de iniciativas, desafíos y buenas prácticas en la construcción sostenible en Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica y Uruguay sobre la base de entrevistas con actores claves, y conclusiones y recomendaciones para facilitar la transformación del sector transformación del sector de la construcción de ALC hacia un sector sostenible, digitalizado y resiliente. Se identifican seis categorías de soluciones habilitantes para la construcción sostenible: tecnologías digitales avanzadas como Building Information Modeling (BIM), diseño con enfoque sostenible, materiales sostenibles, sistemas de construcción industrializada, medición y verificación del impacto ambiental, y enfoques de gestión eficientes. Las entrevistas revelaron 44 iniciativas de construcción sostenible, principalmente lideradas por el sector gubernamental. Los obstáculos incluyen brechas cognitivas y debilidades institucionales, mientras que factores promotores incluyen el impacto de la pandemia y el cambio climático. Se destacan buenas prácticas como el benchmarking internacional y cooperación técnica entre instituciones y apoyos de multilaterales. Es crucial un liderazgo público de largo plazo, incentivos adecuados y la colaboración entre los sectores público, privado y la academia para lograr la transformación hacia una industria de la construcción sostenible y competitiva en ALC.
Метод криптографічно строгої ідентифікації з блокуванням повторного використання паролів
Authors: Верба О.А. , Дайко І.В.
Published: November 2024

Теоретично обґрунтовано та розроблено метод криптографічно строгої ідентифікації віддалених користувачів з комбінованим використанням незворотних перетворень модулярної алгебри та функціонально пов’язаних сеансових паролів, за рахунок чого виключається можливість їх повторного використання зловмисником.
Крім того, для прискорення процесу ідентифікації на боці системи, запропоновано використання асиметричних за обсягом обчислень незворотних перетвореннях модулярної алгебри. Наведено математичне обґрунтування запропонованого методу та числові приклади, які ілюструють його роботу.
Теоретично та експериментально доведено, що запропонований метод дозволяє блокувати повторне використання паролів користувача, в також на 2-3 порядки прискорити процес його ідентифікації на боці системи.
Control of linear motors with gas lubrication of the coordinate measurement system
Authors: Kvasnikov V.P. , Ilchenko V.M. , Molchanova K.V.
Published: November 2024

The problem of the influence of non-Gaussian disturbance on the control system during the measurement of coordinate measuring system of mechanical quantities of objects with a complex spatial surface is described in the article. It is shown that the accuracy of the filtering of the random process of measuring mechanical quantities is significantly affected if to take into account the disturbing factors with non-Gaussian probability distribution density.
Побудова програмного забезпечення інформаційної системи формування спеціалізованих тематичних віртуальних спільнот
Authors: Паздерська Р.С. , Квасніков В.П.
Published: November 2024

Стаття присвячена дослідженню процесів роботи програмного забезпечення спеціалізованих тематичних віртуальних спільнот на основі інформаційних повідомлень та поведінки користувача в соціальній мережі. Також увага приділяється дослідженням віртуальних спільнот, які зумовили виникнення спеціалізованих тематичних віртуальних спільнот. 
Представлено результати роботи інформаційної системи формування спеціалізованих тематичних віртуальних спільнот, яка дозволить покращити процес поширення інформаційного наповнення користувачами. Увага зосереджена на таких процесах: створення спеціалізованої тематичної віртуальної спільноти на основі підбору користувачів, аналіз діяльності існуючої спеціалізованої віртуальної спільноти та її пошук з метою публікації визначеного інформаційного наповнення.
Представлено формальне моделювання для предметної області на основі якого відбувалося формулювання методології міри відповідності інформаційного наповнення спеціалізації та тематиці за визначеними ключовими словами та тегами, які використовувалися для реалізації завдань системи.
Результати дослідження можуть бути використані для оптимізації роботи спеціалізованих тематичних віртуальних спільнот.
Метод визначення пріоритетів ІТ-інцидентів на об’єктах критичної інформаційної інфраструктури держави
Authors: Сидоренко В.М. , Положенцев А.А. , Сидоренко С.Ю. , Скуратівський А.А.
Published: November 2024

Стаття присвячена розробці методу визначення пріоритетів ІТ-інцидентів на об'єктах критичної інформаційної інфраструктури держави. У дослідженні розглянуто основні підходи до класифікації та управління ІТ-інцидентами, такі як ITIL, COBIT, ISO/IEC 20000 та NIST Cybersecurity Framework. Запропонований метод базується на використанні методу попарних порівнянь (AHP) для оцінки та пріоритизації загроз, враховуючи їхній вплив на різні рівні функціонування критичних об'єктів. Стаття детально описує етапи розробки методу, включаючи ідентифікацію загроз, встановлення локальних і глобальних пріоритетів, а також синтез отриманих результатів для ефективного управління ІТ-безпекою. Запропонований підхід дозволяє раціонально розподіляти ресурси, забезпечуючи надійність та стійкість критичної інформаційної інфраструктури. Експериментальні дослідження підтверджують практичну цінність методу, що робить його корисним інструментом для підвищення рівня захищеності та ефективного реагування на ІТ-інциденти в умовах сучасних викликів забезпечення ІТ-безпеки.
INVESTIGATION OF VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DEFORMATIONS OF THE PNEUMATIC SPRING OF A HIGH-SPEED MOVING VEHICLE IN THE LIMITS OF THE ARROW OF THE ARROW GEAR
Authors: Kuzyshyn A. , Kovalchuk V.
Published: November 2024

The object of the research is the pneumatic spring of the second stage of the spring suspension of the high-speed rolling stock  of the railway. The vertical and horizontal deformations of the pneumatic spring within the scope of the arrow translation are  studied. For constructive reasons, two sections of the turnout were chosen, namely the section of the tip of the spikes and the  section of the root of the spikes. In order to determine the deformations of the pneumatic spring, a  methodology for its full-scale testing has been developed, which includes the use of a test rig that has a rigid metal frame on which the pneumatic  spring and measuring equipment are installed. High-frequency potentiometric linear displacement sensors were used to  measure vertical and horizontal deformations. In accordance with the developed complex program of field tests, records of vertical and horizontal deformations of the pneumatic spring of the high-speed rolling stock were obtained during the  movement of the turn signal in the forward and opposite directions. It was found that the vertical deformations of the  pneumatic spring within the range of movement by the arrow transfer in the furrow and anti-furrow directions are greater than  the horizontal ones. In addition, in the opposite direction of movement of the test rig, the vertical deformations of the  pneumatic spring are larger compared to the opposite direction of movement. It was established that the maximum values of  the vertical deformations of the pneumatic spring are within the range of 3.14–5.05 mm in the wool direction and 4.88–5.95  mm in the anti-wool direction. The maximum values of horizontal deformations are within 1.62–2.94 mm and 1.30–2.53 mm,  respectively. It was established that the average value of the vertical and horizontal  deformations of the pneumatic spring of  the high-speed rolling stock within the range of the arrow of the turnout is: for forward motion – 3.85 mm and 2.02 mm, for  forward motion – 5,48 mm and 1.82 mm, respectively. The obtained results will make it possible to proceed to the  determination of the dynamic characteristics of the pneumatic spring, and at the stage of designing high-speed rolling stock to  study its dynamic indicators and traffic safety indicators under different operating conditions.
THE STUDY OF THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF GONDOLA CARS
Authors: Martynov Igor , Trufanova Alyona , Shovkun Vadim , Lytovchenko Oleksandr , Dmytrenko Maksym , Balashov Oleksandr
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of the  analysis of the technical condition of  gondola cars owned by the transport  operator BGS  rail. The composition of  the model range of the car fleet was  analysed. It is shown that 14 % of  gondola cars produced by  Uralvagonzavod have an average service life of over thirty years and  have exhausted their service life.  Gondola cars of models  12-757 and  12-753 of Kryukov Carriage Works have also exhausted their service life. A  positive factor is the presence of  innovative cars model 12-7023  produced by KVSZ and 12-4106 model  produced by PJSC Dneprovagonmash  in the car fleet.  Their average age is  6.5 years.An analysis of the main causes of  failures that caused the car to  uncouple from the train along the  route was carried out. In the  first place are damage to body elements. This is followed by failures of automatic brakes and wheel sets.Among the damage to gondola car bodies, the first place is taken by malfunctions of the locks on the unloading hatch covers,  followed by cracks and breaks in the upper and vertical sheets of the frame cross beams. Broken weld seams of braces and  broken linings also pose a serious danger.Failures of auto brakes are caused by loosening of air duct pipes, brake equipment and welded shoes. The main causes of damage to wheel pairs are unacceptable wear of the flange. Among axle box assemblies, the vast majority  of failures are caused by excessive heating of the bearings.Failures of automatic coupling equipment are most often caused by fractures of the centering beam and breaks (cracks) of the  pendulum suspension. Cracks and other malfunctions of the automatic coupling body are also observed.The bogies mostly have broken springs and mismatched sliding clearances. Also, a quarter of the uncoupled bogies have  expired service life of their elements.
The average recovery time for gondola cars was analyzed. Due to malfunctions of axlebox units, cars are under repair for more  than 15 days, due to failures of wheel pairs - 11.55 days. The least time is spent on auto brakes – 4.2 days.An analysis of the damage to the bodies of various gondola cars models showed that gondola cars of models 12-9745 and 12-9790 are in the worst technical condition. The least susceptible to damage are the «innovative» gondola cars of models 12-7023  and 12-4106.
RESOURCE TESTS OF REVERSE SEALS PROVIDING CONSTANT LOAD CONDITIONS
Authors: Remarchuk Mykola , Suranov Oleksii , Stefanov Serhii , Vasianovych Roman , Kebko Oleksandr
Published: November 2024

he most widespread structural elements in the structure of modern technical systems, in particular, in earthmoving, lifting and transport and railway machines, include various seals that provide sealing of moving and stationary couplings of these machines. Losses of working fluids during the operation of the above-mentioned machines require daily refueling of the working containers with fluids. External fluid losses significantly affect the ecological state of nature and especially soil fertility. Internal fluid losses affect the productivity of these machines, as well as inefficient fuel consumption during the operation of these machines. On the basis of the above, the process of a comprehensive study of the performance of seals to determine their characteristics, in particular, the resource of their work and the establishment of external and internal liquid losses, is a very relevant direction today. The number of factors that affect the performance of the seal is more than thirty factors. Of all these factors, the most influential were identified, which include the magnitude of the effect of liquid pressure and its temperature, the speed of translational or rotational movement, the geometric dimensions of the sealing surface, and others. The sealing test process can be classified into tests in simulators, on specialized stands, and in real working conditions of sealing in the structure of the above machines. One of the most effective directions for establishing the efficiency of the seal is tests in simulators and when tests are carried out on specialized stands. Bench tests require careful preparation and the use of high-precision devices for recording the studied parameters and at the same time require compliance with stable research conditions that significantly affect the performance of the seal. The results of experimental studies in the created simulator made it possible to reveal the patterns of changes in the frictional force in the sealing zone depending on the geometric dimensions of the seal, the effect of liquid pressure and its temperature, and the speed of movement of the seal relative to the fixed surface being sealed. The conducted research made it possible to create a more advanced simulator for compaction testing with the observance of constant factors in the research process. Also, create a stand for carrying out resource tests of compaction as close as possible to the mode of their operation in operational working conditions.
METHODS AND PRACTICES OF TRAINING AND APPLICATION OF CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR DETECTING VARIOUS DEFECTS ON THE SURFACES OF BUILDING STRUCTURES
Authors: Levshchanov Sergii
Published: November 2024

The subject of research in this article is the practice of implementing and applying types of artificial intelligence – convolutional neural networks and data science - to detect various defects on the surfaces of building structures. The purpose of the study is to identify the advantages and disadvantages of implementing and using convolutional neural network technologies together with other software and hardware components to automate traditional methods of monitoring the technical condition of the external surfaces of buildings and structures. The article solves the following tasks: to substantiate the effectiveness of implementation of convolutional neural network technologies and data science methods; to apply them in practice with software and hardware technologies to automate traditional methods of performing work on detecting various defects on the surfaces of building structures in the construction and operation of buildings and structures; to show the problems and shortcomings of these methods and technologies. To solve the tasks, an integrated approach was used with the use of general scientific and special research methods (analysis, explanation, generalisation, comparison). The following results have been obtained: the features that affect the accuracy of the analysis of the collected data used by neural convolutional network technologies to detect various defects on the surfaces of building structures have been identified; practices and methods for more efficient and accurate application of this technology have been reflected. Conclusions: the study allowed to identify the practical opportunities and problems that exist in this technology; recommendations for the effective use of this technology were developed; factors influencing the more efficient use of this technology in industry were identified.
ANALYSIS OF THE INDICATORS OF THE DEPOT REPAIR OF PASSENGER CARS
Authors: Kalabukhin Yuri , Martynov Igor , Trufanova Alena , Martynov Stanislav
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of the analysis of the technical characteristics of passenger cars and the main indicators of depot repairs of passenger cars. The indicators of depot repairs of passenger cars on the Southern Railway by types and manufacturers of cars for the period from 2015 to 2020 were studied. The data analysis indicates that in the overall structure of the volume of depot repairs of passenger cars by type, compartment cars predominate, while interregional passenger cars have the smallest share. In the overall structure of the volume of passenger cars depot repairs by manufacturing enterprises, cars of the Kryukovsky Railway Car Building Works predominate, while the smallest share is made in Germany. The largest number of depot repairs were carried out for sleeping, compartment and interregional cars built by the Kryukovsky Railway Car Building Works. The age of the cars that underwent depot repairs during the period from 2015 to 2020 ranges 10 to 20 years. The age of the majority of non-compartment cars that underwent depot repairs during the specified period ranges 30 to 40 years. The analysis shows that the cost of depot repairs of a sleeping car built by the Tver Carriage Works is lower than the cost of depot repairs of a sleeping car built by the Kryukovsky Railway Car Building Works. The cost of depot repairs of German and Russian compartment cars is lower than the cost of depot repairs of a compartment car built by the Kryukovsky Railway Car Building Works. It was established that the cost of depot repairs of a compartment car built by the Kryukovsky Railway Car Building Works is lower, and the cost of an interregional car is higher than the cost of depot repairs of a sleeping car of the same manufacturer. The analysis shows an almost annual increase in cost over the period, which is due to an increase in material and labor costs.