bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Steaming and Fermentation on Nutritive Values, Antioxidant Activities, and Inhibitory Properties of Tea Leaves
Authors: Chupeerach Chaowanee , Aursalung Amornrat , Watcharachaisoponsiri Thareerat , Whanmek Kanyawee , Thiyajai Parunya , Yosphan Kachakot , Sritalahareuthai Varittha , Sahasakul Yuraporn , Santivarangkna Chalat , Suttisansanee Uthaiwan
Published: January 2021

Fermented tea (Cha-miang in Thai) is a local product made by traditional food preservation processes in Northern Thailand that involve steaming fresh tea leaves followed by fermenting in the dark. Information on changes in nutritive values, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activities, and health properties that occur during the steaming and fermenting processes of tea leaves is, however, limited. Changes in nutritive values, phenolics, antioxidant activities, and in vitro health properties through inhibition of key enzymes that control obesity (lipase), diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), hypertension (angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)), and Alzheimer’s disease (cholinesterases (ChEs) and β-secretase (BACE-1)) of fermented tea were compared to the corresponding fresh and steamed tea leaves. Results showed that energy, carbohydrate, and vitamin B1 increased after steaming, while most nutrients including protein, dietary fiber, vitamins (B2, B3, and C), and minerals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn) decreased after the steaming process. After fermentation, energy, fat, sodium, potassium, and iron contents increased, while calcium and vitamins (B1, B2, B3, and C) decreased compared to steamed tea leaves. However, the contents of vitamin B1 and iron were insignificantly different between fresh and fermented tea leaves. Five flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, cyanidin, myricetin, and apigenin) and three phenolic acids (gallic acid, caffeic acid, and p-coumaric acid) were identified in the tea samples. Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities increased significantly after steaming and fermentation, suggesting structural changes in bioactive compounds during these processes. Steamed tea exhibited high inhibition against lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase, while fermented tea possessed high anti-ChE and anti-ACE activities. Fresh tea exhibited high BACE-1 inhibitory activity. Results suggest that tea preparations (steaming and fermentation) play a significant role in the amounts of nutrients and bioactive compounds, which, in turn, affect the in vitro health properties. Knowledge gained from this research will support future investigations on in vivo health properties of fermented tea, as well as promote future food development of fermented tea as a healthy food.
Halophytes of the Mediterranean Basin—Underutilized Species with the Potential to Be Nutritious Crops in the Scenario of the Climate Change
Authors: Agudelo Agatha , Carvajal Micaela , Martinez-Ballesta María del Carmen
Published: January 2021

Halophyte plants are adapted to saline environments and represent a novel type of crops given their possible uses at both culinary and industrial levels. In this work, the nutritional quality of different Mediterranean halophyte species, Atriplex halimus, Salicornia fruticosa, and Cakile maritima, was evaluated under conditions of high salinity. For this, plants were grown at different NaCl concentrations (0, 100, 200, and 300 mM) and the contents of proteins, total lipids, polyphenols, and mineral elements were analyzed as well as growth. Of the three species, C. maritima was the most sensitive to salt stress and therefore showed the highest phenolic compounds content. By contrast, whereas salinity increased the amounts of proteins and phenolics with respect to the control in A. halimus and S. fruticosa, it decreased them in C. maritima. Plants of A. halimus accumulated higher amounts of Na+ in their leaves, but the level of this ion, considering human consumption, was below that of other culinary halophyte species. In conclusion, all the results indicate that these three halophyte species grown at high salt levels represent optimal crops for—new foodstuff—production as green salt or spice due to their nutritional potential.
Dining Tables Divided by a Border: The Effect of Socio-Political Scenarios on Local Ecological Knowledge of Romanians Living in Ukrainian and Romanian Bukovina
Authors: Stryamets Nataliya , Mattalia Giulia , Pieroni Andrea , Khomyn Ihor , Sõukand Renata
Published: January 2021

Local cuisine is an important reservoir of local ecological knowledge shaped by a variety of socio-cultural, economic, and ecological factors. The aim was to document and compare the current use of wild and semi-cultivated plant food taxa by Romanians living in Romania and Ukraine. These two groups share similar ecological conditions and historically belonged to the same province, but were divided in the 1940s by the creation of a state border. We conducted 60 semi-structured interviews with rural residents. The contemporary use of 46 taxa (plus 5 cultivated taxa with uncommon uses), belonging to 20 families, for food consumption were recorded. Romanians in Romanian Bukovina used 27 taxa belonging to 15 families, while in Ukraine they used 40 taxa belonging to 18 families. Jams, sarmale, homemade beer, and the homemade alcoholic drink “socată” are used more by Romanians in Southern Bukovina, while tea, soups, and birch sap are used more in Northern Bukovina. We discuss the strong influence of socio-political scenarios on the use of wild food plants. Cross-ethnic marriages, as well as markets and women’s networks, i.e., “neighbors do so”, may have had a great impact on changes in wild food use. In addition, rapid changes in lifestyle (open work market and social migration) are other explanations for the abandonment of wild edible plants.
Spirituality and Employment in Recovery from Severe and Persistent Mental Illness and Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Saiz Jesús , Galilea María , Molina Antonio J. , Salazar María , Barsotti Tiffany J. , Chopra Deepak , Mills Paul J.
Published: January 2021

People diagnosed with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI) face multiple vulnerabilities, including when seeking employment. Among SPMI patients, studies show that a stronger sense of spirituality can help to reduce psychotic symptoms, increase social integration, reduce the risk of suicide attempts and promote adherence to psychiatric treatment. This study examined how the variables spirituality and employment affect the recovery process and psychological well-being of people with SPMI who attend employment recovery services. The sample consisted of 64 women and men diagnosed with an SPMI. The assessment instruments included the Recovery Assessment Scale, Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale, Work Motivation Questionnaire, Daily Spiritual Experience Scale, and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Spiritual Well-Being (FACIT-Sp12). Hierarchical regression analyses were performed to compare three different models for each dependent variable (recovery and psychological well-being). The findings showed that job skills predicted psychological well-being and recovery. When spiritual variables were included in the model, job skills dropped out and the dimension meaning/peace of the FACIT-Sp12 emerged as the only significant predictor variable. Integrating spirituality into recovery programs for people with SPMI may be a helpful complement to facilitate the recovery process and improve psychological well-being.
Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation Attenuates Morning-Associated Decrements in Supramaximal Exercise Performance in Trained Sprinters
Authors: Dumar Amanda M. , Huntington Anna F. , Rogers Rebecca R. , Kopec Thomas J. , Williams Tyler D. , Ballmann Christopher G.
Published: January 2021

Diurnal fluctuations in power output have been well established with power loss typically occurring in morning (AM) times. Beetroot juice (BRJ) is a source of dietary nitrate that possess ergogenic properties, but it is unknown if ingestion can mitigate performance decrements in the morning. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute BRJ supplementation on diurnal fluctuations in anaerobic performance in trained sprinters. Male Division 1 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sprinters (n = 10) participated. In a double-blinded crossover study design, participants completed three counterbalanced exercise trials under different conditions: Morning–placebo (8:00 HR, AM-PL), Morning–BRJ (8:00 HR, AM-BRJ), and Afternoon–no supplement (15:00 HR, PM). For each trial, participants completed 3 × 15 s Wingate anaerobic tests separated by 2 min of rest. Each trial was separated by a 72 h washout period. Mean power output (p = 0.043), anaerobic capacity (p = 0.023), and total work (p = 0.026) were significantly lower with the AM-PL condition compared to PM. However, BRJ supplementation prevented AM losses of mean power output (p = 0.994), anaerobic capacity (p = 0.941), and total work (p = 0.933) in the AM-BRJ compared to the PM condition. Rate of perceived exertion was not significantly different between any conditions (p = 0.516). Heart rate was significantly lower during the AM-BRJ condition compared to AM-PL (p = 0.030) and PM (p < 0.001). Findings suggest anaerobic capacity suffers during AM versus PM times in trained sprinters, but BRJ ingestion abolishes AM-associated decrements in performance.
Occupational Exposure and Environmental Release: The Case Study of Pouring TiO2 and Filler Materials for Paint Production
Authors: Fonseca Ana Sofia , Viitanen Anna-Kaisa , Kanerva Tomi , Säämänen Arto , Aguerre-Chariol Olivier , Fable Sebastien , Dermigny Adrien , Karoski Nicolas , Fraboulet Isaline , Koponen Ismo Kalevi , Delpivo Camilla , Vilchez Villalba Alejandro , Vázquez-Campos Socorro , Østerskov Jensen Alexander Christian , Hjortkjær Nielsen Signe , Sahlgren Nicklas , Clausen Per Axel , Xuan Nguyen Larsen Bianca , Kofoed-Sørensen Vivi , Alstrup Jensen Keld , Koivisto Joonas
Published: January 2021

Pulmonary exposure to micro- and nanoscaled particles has been widely linked to adverse health effects and high concentrations of respirable particles are expected to occur within and around many industrial settings. In this study, a field-measurement campaign was performed at an industrial manufacturer, during the production of paints. Spatial and personal measurements were conducted and results were used to estimate the mass flows in the facility and the airborne particle release to the outdoor environment. Airborne particle number concentration (1 × 103–1.0 × 104 cm−3), respirable mass (0.06–0.6 mg m−3), and PM10 (0.3–6.5 mg m−3) were measured during pouring activities. In overall; emissions from pouring activities were found to be dominated by coarser particles >300 nm. Even though the raw materials were not identified as nanomaterials by the manufacturers, handling of TiO2 and clays resulted in release of nanometric particles to both workplace air and outdoor environment, which was confirmed by TEM analysis of indoor and stack emission samples. During the measurement period, none of the existing exposure limits in force were exceeded. Particle release to the outdoor environment varied from 6 to 20 g ton−1 at concentrations between 0.6 and 9.7 mg m−3 of total suspended dust depending on the powder. The estimated release of TiO2 to outdoors was 0.9 kg per year. Particle release to the environment is not expected to cause any major impact due to atmospheric dilution
Comparison between Three Therapeutic Options for the Treatment of Balance and Gait in Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pérez-de la Cruz Sagrario
Published: January 2021

Stroke patients are more likely to be at risk of falling, which leads to limitation in their abilities to perform daily living activities and participate in society. The aim was to compare the relative effectiveness of three different treatment groups for improvements in postural control and for improvements in balance. Forty-five participants diagnosed with acquired brain injury, with over one year’s evolution, were divided into a dry land therapy group (control group), an experimental group (Ai Chi aquatic therapy), and a combined group (therapy on dry land and aquatic therapy with Ai Chi). The Berg balance scale, tandem stance, the timed up and go test, and the five times sit-to-stand test were used. After twelve weeks of treatment, the results improved significantly for the combined therapy group (p < 0.01), and were significantly higher compared to the dry land therapy group (p < 0.01). In addition, improvements were also found in the aquatic Ai Chi therapy group. In conclusion, aquatic Ai Chi and/or the combination of aquatic therapy with dry land therapy is effective for the improvement of static and dynamic balance and for enhancing functional capacity, therefore, increasing the quality of life of acquired brain injury patients.
Awareness and Knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Dental Professionals According to the Turkish National Dental Guidelines
Authors: Karayürek Fatih , Yilmaz Çırakoğlu Neslihan , Gülses Aydin , Ayna Mustafa
Published: January 2021

The objective of the current survey was to assess the awareness of the dental professionals according to the principals described by the Turkish Dental Association (TDA). A questionnaire including the socio-demographic data, specialties/academic degree, institutions/affiliations, the knowledge about COVID-19, the number of patients examined and dental treatments performed during the COVID-19 pandemic, the knowledge of protection based on the guidelines described by TDA, contamination with COVID-19 and the psychological complaints has been used. A total of 947 (63.1%) dentists enrolled the study. The results showed satisfactory knowledge about the COVID-19 etiology, mode of transmission and the pre-procedural cautions as the majority of them had a fair level of knowledge with significantly higher knowledge among specialized respondents. The participants have also recorded a good judgment towards performing the emergency dental treatment during the current COVID-19 pandemic which corresponds with the guidelines determined by TDA. Considering the updates on the transmission of COVID-19 and protective strategies, there is an urgent need for improvement of dentists’ knowledge about risk assessment via training programs. The incidence of positive testing among dental professionals also necessitates immediately testing of asymptomatic Turkish dental professionals.
Development and Validation of Green UV Derivative Spectrophotometric Methods for Simultaneous Determination Metformin and Remogliflozin from Formulation: Evaluation of Greenness
Authors: Attimarad Mahesh , Nair Anroop B. , Sreeharsha Nagaraja , Al-Dhubiab Bandar E. , Venugopala Katharigatta N. , Shinu Pottathil
Published: January 2021

The recent trend in green analytical chemistry is the development of green analytical methods using environmentally friendly solvents. Therefore, three ecofriendly manipulated UV spectroscopic techniques have been validated for the concurrent quantification of newly approved remogliflozin etabonate (REM) and metformin HCl (MET) tablets using water as a solvent. The first method was established using first derivative absorption spectroscopic method by determining the peak amplitude at 233.0 nm for REM and 252.2 nm for MET, a zero crossing of one the component. The second and third methods were based on the peak amplitude difference and first-order derivative absorption of the ratio spectra developed by the manipulation of scanned UV spectra. REM and MET showed good linearity in the series of 1–20 µg ml−1 and 2.5–35 µg ml−1, respectively, by all three methods with an excellent correlation coefficient (r2 ≥ 0.998). Further, the proposed UV spectroscopic techniques were validated as per International Council for Harmonization guidelines. The methods showed good sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. Anticipated procedures were effectively utilized for the concurrent quantification of REM and MET in laboratory prepared mixtures and tablets. The high percent recovery with low standard deviation found for both analytes by all three methods confirms the accuracy and precision of the procedures. Finally, the greenness of the proposed spectroscopic methods, evaluated by semi-quantitative and quantitative methods, showed the eco-friendly nature of the methods. Furthermore, the proposed approaches were simple, accurate, sensitive, economic, and environmentally friendly and hence can be utilized for regular quality control of REM and MET formulation.
Protective and Risk Factors of Italian Healthcare Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak: A Qualitative Study
Authors: De Leo Amalia , Cianci Eloisa , Mastore Paolo , Gozzoli Caterina
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic put the Italian health system under great stress. The sudden reorganization of work practices and the emotional impact of the large number of the victims had many consequences on the well-being of the healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved in managing the crisis. In the available literature, most studies have focused on the risk aspects while only few studies also take into account protective factors. For this reason, it was decided to conduct, within psycho-sociological perspective, a qualitative study with the aim to explore in depth the protective and risk factors as experienced by HCPs who worked in the Italian healthcare system during the COVID-19 outbreak. A total of 19 semi-structured interviews were conducted with HCPs–9 nurses and 10 physicians (7M and 12F) with an average age of 43 (SD = 13.4)–selected using snowball sampling. Considering three different levels of analysis the results highlight the protective and risk factors: personal history level (intrinsic/ethical motivation and flexible role versus extrinsic motivation and static role), interpersonal level (perception of supportive relationships with colleagues, patients, and family versus bad relationships), and organizational level (good leadership and sustainable work purpose versus absence of support from management and undefined or confused tasks).
Association between Birth Plan Use and Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Southern Spain: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Hidalgo-Lopezosa Pedro , Cubero-Luna Ana María , Jiménez-Ruz Andrea , Hidalgo-Maestre María , Rodríguez-Borrego María Aurora , López-Soto Pablo Jesús
Published: January 2021

Background: Birth plans are used for pregnant women to express their wishes and expectations about childbirth. The aim of this study was to compare obstetric and neonatal outcomes between women with and without birth plans. Methods: A multicentre, retrospective case–control study at tertiary hospitals in southern Spain between 2009 and 2013 was conducted. A total of 457 pregnant women were included, 178 with and 279 without birth plans. Women with low-risk gestation, at full-term and having been in labour were included. Sociodemographic, obstetric and neonatal variables were analysed and comparisons were established. Results: Women with birth plans were older, more educated and more commonly primiparous. Caesarean sections were less common in primiparous women with birth plans (18% vs. 29%, p = 0.027); however, no significant differences were found in instrumented births, 3rd–4th-degree tears or episiotomy rates. Newborns of primiparous women with birth plans obtained better results on 1 min Apgar scores, umbilical cord pH and advanced neonatal resuscitation. No significant differences were found on 5 min Apgar scores or other variables for multiparous women. Conclusions: Birth plans were related to less intervention, a more natural process of birth and better outcomes for mothers and newborns. Birth plans can improve the welfare of the mother and newborn, leading to birth in a more natural way.
Personality Determinants of Diet Quality among Polish and Spanish Physical Education Students
Authors: Gacek Maria , Kosiba Grażyna , Wojtowicz Agnieszka
Published: January 2021

The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and diet quality indexes among Polish and Spanish physical education students. The study was conducted among students from Poland (n = 219) and Spain (n = 280), using the Dietary Habits and Nutrition Beliefs Questionnaire and the NEO-FFI (NEO Five-Factor Inventory) questionnaire. Two indexes were used: the Pro-healthy Diet Index (pHDI-10) and the Non-healthy Diet Index (nHDI-14). For statistical analysis, the t-test with independent estimation of variance as well as both Spearman’s and Pearson’s correlation analysis and moderation analysis with simple slopes were used. Polish and Spanish physical education students demonstrated low levels of healthy (pHDI-10) and unhealthy (nHDI-14) diet indexes, with Polish students showing significantly higher intensities of both indicators (p < 0.001). As extraversion intensified, the levels of pHDI-10 and nHDI-14 increased (p < 0.05). The nHDI-14 index for all students decreased along with increasing openness to experiences (p < 0.01) and agreeableness (p < 0.05), and the pHDI-10 index increased with the rise in conscientiousness (p < 0.01). Analyses have indicated that the home country is an important moderator of personality relationships with the Non-healthy Diet Index (nHDI-14), which, along with the increase in conscientiousness, increased in students from Spain, while it decreased among students from Poland (p < 0.001). Polish and Spanish physical education students showed a low level of healthy (pHDI-10) and unhealthy (nHDI-14) diets depending on country of origin. Additionally, significant correlations were noted between the Big Five personality traits and pHDI-10 and nHDI-14 indexes, and a moderating impact was observed by the home country on the relationships of selected personality traits with the Non-healthy Diet Index (nHDI-14).
Stromal Cells Present in the Melanoma Niche Affect Tumor Invasiveness and Its Resistance to Therapy
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Justyna , Simiczyjew Aleksandra , Dratkiewicz Ewelina , Ziętek Marcin , Matkowski Rafał , Nowak Dorota
Published: January 2021

Malignant melanoma is a highly metastatic type of cancer, which arises frequently from transformed pigment cells and melanocytes as a result of long-term UV radiation exposure. In recent years, the incidence of newly diagnosed melanoma patients reached 5% of all cancer cases. Despite the development of novel targeted therapies directed against melanoma-specific markers, patients’ response to treatment is often weak or short-term due to a rapid acquisition of drug resistance. Among the factors affecting therapy effectiveness, elements of the tumor microenvironment play a major role. Melanoma niche encompasses adjacent cells, such as keratinocytes, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), adipocytes, and immune cells, as well as components of the extracellular matrix and tumor-specific physicochemical properties. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge concerning the influence of cancer-associated cells (keratinocytes, CAFs, adipocytes) on the process of melanomagenesis, tumor progression, invasiveness, and the emergence of drug resistance in melanoma. We also address how melanoma can alter the differentiation and activation status of cells present in the tumor microenvironment. Understanding these complex interactions between malignant and cancer-associated cells could improve the development of effective antitumor therapeutic strategies.
Lynch Syndrome: Its Impact on Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Lindner Andrea Katharina , Schachtner Gert , Tulchiner Gennadi , Thurnher Martin , Untergasser Gerold , Obrist Peter , Pipp Iris , Steinkohl Fabian , Horninger Wolfgang , Culig Zoran , Pichler Renate
Published: January 2021

Lynch syndrome, known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is an autosomal-dominant familial cancer syndrome with an increased risk for urothelial cancer (UC). Mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency, due to pathogenic variants in MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2, and microsatellite instability, are known for development of Lynch syndrome (LS) associated carcinogenesis. UC is the third most common cancer type in LS-associated tumors. The diversity of germline variants in the affected MMR genes and their following subsequent function loss might be responsible for the variation in cancer risk, suggesting an increased risk of developing UC in MSH2 mutation carriers. In this review, we will focus on LS-associated UC of the upper urinary tract (UUT) and bladder, their germline profiles, and outcomes compared to sporadic UC, the impact of genetic testing, as well as urological follow-up strategies in LS. In addition, we present a case of metastatic LS-associated UC of the UUT and bladder, achieving complete response during checkpoint inhibition since more than 2 years.
Mapping the SARS-CoV-2–Host Protein–Protein Interactome by Affinity Purification Mass Spectrometry and Proximity-Dependent Biotin Labeling: A Rational and Straightforward Route to Discover Host-Directed Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutics
Authors: Terracciano Rosa , Preianò Mariaimmacolata , Fregola Annalisa , Pelaia Corrado , Montalcini Tiziana , Savino Rocco
Published: January 2021

Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are the vital engine of cellular machinery. After virus entry in host cells the global organization of the viral life cycle is strongly regulated by the formation of virus-host protein interactions. With the advent of high-throughput -omics platforms, the mirage to obtain a “high resolution” view of virus–host interactions has come true. In fact, the rapidly expanding approaches of mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics in the study of PPIs provide efficient tools to identify a significant number of potential drug targets. Generation of PPIs maps by affinity purification-MS and by the more recent proximity labeling-MS may help to uncover cellular processes hijacked and/or altered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), providing promising therapeutic targets. The possibility to further validate putative key targets from high-confidence interactions between viral bait and host protein through follow-up MS-based multi-omics experiments offers an unprecedented opportunity in the drug discovery pipeline. In particular, drug repurposing, making use of already existing approved drugs directly targeting these identified and validated host interactors, might shorten the time and reduce the costs in comparison to the traditional drug discovery process. This route might be promising for finding effective antiviral therapeutic options providing a turning point in the fight against the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak.
Combination of Cisplatin and Irradiation Induces Immunogenic Cell Death and Potentiates Postirradiation Anti–PD-1 Treatment Efficacy in Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Fukushima Hiroshi , Yoshida Soichiro , Kijima Toshiki , Nakamura Yuki , Fukuda Shohei , Uehara Sho , Yasuda Yosuke , Tanaka Hajime , Yokoyama Minato , Matsuoka Yoh , Fujii Yasuhisa
Published: January 2021

The therapeutic benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy is limited to a subset of patients in urothelial carcinoma (UC). Previous studies showed the immunogenicity of cisplatin and irradiation. Here, we investigated whether chemoradiotherapy (CRT), a combination of cisplatin and irradiation, could improve the efficacy of postirradiation anti–programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) treatment in UC. In our advanced UC patient cohort, patients with CRT showed a significantly better objective response rate (75%/22%) and overall survival (88%/30% at 12 months) following later pembrolizumab therapy compared to those without. Then, we created syngeneic UC mouse models by inoculating MB49 cells s.c. in C57BL/6J mice to examine the potential of CRT to enhance antitumor immunity in conjunction with postirradiation anti–PD-1 treatment. Nonirradiated tumors of the mice treated with CRT/postirradiation anti–PD-1 treatment had a significantly slower growth rate and a significantly higher expression of cytotoxic T cells compared to those of the mice treated with anti–PD-1 treatment alone. The mice treated with CRT/postirradiation anti–PD-1 treatment showed the best survival. Mechanistically, CRT provoked strong direct cytotoxicity and increased expressions of immunogenic cell death markers in MB49 cells. Therefore, the combination of cisplatin and irradiation induces immunogenic cell death and potentiates postirradiation anti–PD-1 treatment efficacy in UC.
Bivalent Genes Targeting of Glioma Heterogeneity and Plasticity
Authors: Markouli Mariam , Strepkos Dimitrios , Papavassiliou Kostas A. , Papavassiliou Athanasios G. , Piperi Christina
Published: January 2021

Gliomas account for most primary Central Nervous System (CNS) neoplasms, characterized by high aggressiveness and low survival rates. Despite the immense research efforts, there is a small improvement in glioma survival rates, mostly attributed to their heterogeneity and complex pathophysiology. Recent data indicate the delicate interplay of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in regulating gene expression and cell differentiation, pointing towards the pivotal role of bivalent genes. Bivalency refers to a property of chromatin to acquire more than one histone marks during the cell cycle and rapidly transition gene expression from an active to a suppressed transcriptional state. Although first identified in embryonal stem cells, bivalent genes have now been associated with tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Emerging evidence indicates the implication of bivalent gene regulation in glioma heterogeneity and plasticity, mainly involving Homeobox genes, Wingless-Type MMTV Integration Site Family Members, Hedgehog protein, and Solute Carrier Family members. These genes control a wide variety of cellular functions, including cellular differentiation during early organism development, regulation of cell growth, invasion, migration, angiogenesis, therapy resistance, and apoptosis. In this review, we discuss the implication of bivalent genes in glioma pathogenesis and their potential therapeutic targeting options.
Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of MKK and MAPK Gene Families in Brassica Species and Response to Stress in Brassica napus
Authors: Wang Zhen , Wan Yuanyuan , Meng Xiaojing , Zhang Xiaoli , Yao Mengnan , Miu Wenjie , Zhu Dongming , Yuan Dashuang , Lu Kun , Li Jiana , Qu Cunmin , Liang Ying
Published: January 2021

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are common and conserved signal transduction pathways and play important roles in various biotic and abiotic stress responses and growth and developmental processes in plants. With the advancement of sequencing technology, more systematic genetic information is being explored. The work presented here focuses on two protein families in Brassica species: MAPK kinases (MKKs) and their phosphorylation substrates MAPKs. Forty-seven MKKs and ninety-two MAPKs were identified and extensively analyzed from two tetraploid (B. juncea and B. napus) and three diploid (B. nigra, B. oleracea, and B. rapa) Brassica species. Phylogenetic relationships clearly distinguished both MKK and MAPK families into four groups, labeled A–D, which were also supported by gene structure and conserved protein motif analysis. Furthermore, their spatial and temporal expression patterns and response to stresses (cold, drought, heat, and shading) were analyzed, indicating that BnaMKK and BnaMAPK transcript levels were generally modulated by growth, development, and stress signals. In addition, several protein interaction pairs between BnaMKKs and C group BnaMAPKs were detected by yeast two-hybrid assays, in which BnaMKK3 and BnaMKK9 showed strong interactions with BnaMAPK1/2/7, suggesting that interaction between BnaMKKs and C group BnaMAPKs play key roles in the crosstalk between growth and development processes and abiotic stresses. Taken together, our data provide a deeper foundation for the evolutionary and functional characterization of MKK and MAPK gene families in Brassica species, paving the way for unraveling the biological roles of these important signaling molecules in plants.
Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance at the Crossroad of Obesity with Associated Metabolic Abnormalities and Cognitive Dysfunction
Authors: Barber Thomas M. , Kyrou Ioannis , Randeva Harpal S. , Weickert Martin O.
Published: January 2021

Obesity mediates most of its direct medical sequelae through the development of insulin resistance (IR). The cellular effects of insulin occur through two main postreceptor pathways that are the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP-K) pathways. Obesity-related IR implicates the PI3-K pathway that confers the metabolic effects of insulin. Numerous and complex pathogenic pathways link obesity with the development of IR, including chronic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction (with the associated production of reactive oxygen species and endoplasmic reticulum stress), gut microbiota dysbiosis and adipose extracellular matrix remodelling. IR itself plays a key role in the development of metabolic dysfunction, including hypertension, dyslipidaemia and dysglycaemia. Furthermore, IR promotes weight gain related to secondary hyperinsulinaemia, with a resulting vicious cycle of worsening IR and its metabolic sequelae. Ultimately, IR underlies obesity-related conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). IR also underlies many obesity-related malignancies, through the effects of compensatory hyperinsulinaemia on the relatively intact MAP-K insulin pathway, which controls cellular growth processes and mitoses. Furthermore, the emergent data over recent decades support an important role of obesity- and T2D-related central IR in the development of cognitive dysfunction, including effects on hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Importantly, IR is largely reversible through the optimisation of lifestyle factors that include regular engagement in physical activity with the avoidance of sedentariness, improved diet including increased fibre intake and sleep sufficiency. IR lies at the key crossroad between obesity and both metabolic and cognitive dysfunction. Given the importance of IR in the pathogenesis of many 21st century chronic diseases and its eminent reversibility, it is important that we all embrace and facilitate optimised lifestyles to improve the future health and wellbeing of the populace.
Mathematical Modelling in Biomedicine: A Primer for the Curious and the Skeptic
Authors: Vera Julio , Lischer Christopher , Nenov Momchil , Nikolov Svetoslav , Lai Xin , Eberhardt Martin
Published: January 2021

In most disciplines of natural sciences and engineering, mathematical and computational modelling are mainstay methods which are usefulness beyond doubt. These disciplines would not have reached today’s level of sophistication without an intensive use of mathematical and computational models together with quantitative data. This approach has not been followed in much of molecular biology and biomedicine, however, where qualitative descriptions are accepted as a satisfactory replacement for mathematical rigor and the use of computational models is seen by many as a fringe practice rather than as a powerful scientific method. This position disregards mathematical thinking as having contributed key discoveries in biology for more than a century, e.g., in the connection between genes, inheritance, and evolution or in the mechanisms of enzymatic catalysis. Here, we discuss the role of computational modelling in the arsenal of modern scientific methods in biomedicine. We list frequent misconceptions about mathematical modelling found among biomedical experimentalists and suggest some good practices that can help bridge the cognitive gap between modelers and experimental researchers in biomedicine. This manuscript was written with two readers in mind. Firstly, it is intended for mathematical modelers with a background in physics, mathematics, or engineering who want to jump into biomedicine. We provide them with ideas to motivate the use of mathematical modelling when discussing with experimental partners. Secondly, this is a text for biomedical researchers intrigued with utilizing mathematical modelling to investigate the pathophysiology of human diseases to improve their diagnostics and treatment.
Development of Chitosan/Starch-Based Forward Osmosis Water Filtration Bags for Emergency Water Supply
Authors: Saiful Saiful , Ajrina Maurisa , Wibisono Yusuf , Marlina Marlina
Published: January 2021

A forward osmosis (FO) membrane was developed from a mixture of chitosan and Dioscorea hispida starch, cross-linked using glutaraldehyde. The cross-linked chitosan/starch membrane was revealed to have high mechanical properties with an asymmetric structure. The prepared membrane’s performance was investigated as an FO filter assembled in a polypropylene water filter bag and aluminum foil plastic. In order to study the FO process, brackish water was used as a feed solution, drawn using three types of solution (fructose, sucrose, and fructose/sucrose mixture, each with 3 M concentration). The maximum water flux (5.75 L/m2 h) was achieved using 3 M sucrose. The cross-linked membrane restrained the ions in the feed with a rejection factor value close to 100%. The water quality parameters were evaluated for the physical, chemical, and biological criteria, such as pH, salinity, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), heavy metals, and Escherichia coli content. The water quality parameters for the FO-processed water met that set by the World Health Organization for drinking water. FO filter bags with cross-linked chitosan/starch membranes can be an option to produce drinking water during an emergency.
The manifestation of digitalization and globalization on the example of the political system of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University., Larina Elena Dmitrievna
Published: January 2021

In this article, we address the problem of the manifestation of digital and global processes in the field of politics. It is necessary to show the contradictory nature of these phenomena, to analyze their positive and negative consequences. The object of the research is digital and global policy processes. The subject of the research is highlighting the positive and negative effects of the influence of globalization and digitalization on politics, through the analysis of the works of A.P. Tsygankov, P. Gemavat, A.E. Konkov, and other authors analyzed in the essay. The purpose of this paper: to prove that globalization and digitalization are the sources of progress in the field of politics. The first task is to define the main terms of research (digitalization and globalization). The second task is to highlight the main aspects of the impact of digitalization and globalization on the political sphere. The third task involves illustrating the manifestation of these two phenomena in the implementation of political processes on the example of modern Russia. The fourth point is to highlight the positive and negative aspects of globalization and digitalization in the implementation of political processes. Several basic methods will be used to solve the set tasks. First, it is a descriptive method, the essence of which is the theoretical substantiation of the concepts of «globalization» and «digitalization». Using the comparative method, we will relate digitalization and globalization to the realm of politics. Using the comparative method, we will highlight the differences and similarities in the manifestations of these two processes in politics and other spheres of public life. Thanks to the systematic method, we will summarize the political processes taking place under the influence of digitalization and globalization on the example of political events in modern Russia.
International broadcasting: stages of development, specificity and functional structure
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University., NEVMERZHITSKAYA Ksenia Olegovna
Published: January 2021

The media influence politics by providing intelligence and arena for political statements. Therefore, the danger of spreading false information and deliberate disinformation can have serious consequences. It is impossible to accuse specific media outlets of unfair coverage, but one cannot fail to note the existing resonance in media reports from different countries. Interpretations of the same events are radically different, while a journalist must rely on facts. The world is faced with the problem of global misunderstanding and information discord. Modern international broadcasting plays an important role in shaping the picture of the event for the world community. It is impossible to deny that the information agenda of many foreign broadcast media depends to some extent on a number of reasons: nationality, foreign policy of his state, profitability. Otherwise, the global media would not contradict each other. We want to track how modern foreign broadcasting builds its agenda and what principles it is guided by. Keywords: Broadcasting, media, Media agenda
Pengaruh Massage Efflurage terhadap Intensitas Nyeri Persalinan dan Pembukaan Jalan Lahir Fase Aktif
Authors: Sitorus Riris , Pelawati Nining , Erlyn D.S Grace
Published: January 2021

Massage effleurage is a touch or gentle, slow, long and unbroken stroke using the tips of the fingers. This massage effleurage aims to make mothers feel comfortable and relaxed, close the gate of pain and increase endorphin hormone production. This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of massage effleurage on labor pain intensity and opening of the first phase of the birth pathway in the active phase at the Pratama Nining Pelawati Clinic, Lubuk Pakam District. The research method used was quasi-experimental (Quasi Experiment) with one group pre-test and post-test design. The population in this study were all mothers in the first phase of primigravida, the sample in this study was 18 respondents with a sampling technique using accidental sampling in accordance with inclusion criteria. The results showed that by using the Paired Sample T-Test analysis of massage effleurage to reduce the intensity of labor pain where the p-value of 0.001 <α = 0.05, it can be concluded that there was an effect of giving massage effleurage on the intensity of the first stage of postgravida pain active phase. However, there is no effect of giving massage effleurage to the acceleration of opening of the birth canal.
Intervensi Pendidikan Kesehatan terhadap Perubahan Pengetahuan mengenai Kejadian Dermatitis dan Pencegahannya di Desa Pantai Cermin Kanan Kecamatan Pantai Cermin Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai
Authors: Siregar Annisa Febriana , Parinduri Anggi Isnani
Published: January 2021

Fishermen are prone to skin diseases due to the influence of sea water because the concentration of salt draws water from the skin. Sea water is a cause of dermatitis with primary stimulation properties. Recent research results reveal that fishermen have a high potential for disease, work accidents, and mental health and other physical-related illnesses. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of leaflet and extension media on changes in knowledge about the incidence of dermatitis between before and after counseling to fishermen in Pantai Cermin Kanan Village, Pantai District in 2020. The design of this research is a non-equivalent control group design study. Nonequivalent Control Group Design is a form of Quasi-Experimental. The research population was 50 fishermen in Pantai Cermin Kanan District. The data collection method uses primary data, namely data that is directly obtained from respondents using a questionnaire in the form of a statement or written question. The data analysis used in this study consisted of univariate and bivariate analyzes. This analysis uses descriptive statistics to describe the frequency distribution of the independent and dependent variables which are presented in tabular form. The bivariate analysis used in this study was the Paired Sample T-test. There is a difference in the knowledge of fishermen in Pantai Cermin Kanan Village regarding the use of good PPE between before and after a health education intervention regarding the potential dangers of dermatitis and its prevention.
https://academie-veterinaire-defrance.org/publications/bulletins-de-lavf
Authors: Marié Jean-Lou , Watier-Grillot Stéphanie , Roqueplo Cédric , Davoust Bernard
Published: January 2021

Les animaux de la faune sauvage constituent les réservoirs de nombreuses zoonoses et maladies à potentiel zoonotique. Les camps militaires constituent de vastes zones de protection de cette faune, qui s’est adaptée aux activités qui y sont menées. Depuis plusieurs dizaines d’années, une surveillance épidémiologique est mise en œuvre par les vétérinaires des armées sur les sangliers et les renardsde plusieurs camps militaires du sud-est français, en partenariat avec les sociétés de chasse militaires de ces camps. Cette surveillance a consisté en des enquêtes de prévalence ponctuelles et périodiques portant sur plusieurs agents de zoonoses virales (ex.: virus de l’hépatite E), bactériennes (ex.: Brucella, rickettsies,Anaplasmataceae, Coxiella burnetii,Leptospira, mycobactéries, bactéries résistantesà la colistine) et parasitaires (ex.: Leishmania infantum, Babesia, Toxoplasma, Trichinella, Spirocerca lupi, Echinococcus,) et sur plusieurs espèces animales (sangliers, renards, rongeurs). Différentes méthodes de recherche ont été appliquées (sérologie, PCR, examen microscopique), en collaboration avec un réseau de laboratoires de référence et de partenaires. Unbilan de ces différentes enquêtes est proposé dans cette communication. Cette surveillance épidémiologique de la faune sauvage a permis d’améliorer l’identification des agents de zoonoses et les connaissances relatives à l’épidémiologie de ces maladies ausein des sites militaires. Cela a permis de prodiguer au commandement les recommandations adaptées pour prévenir la transmission de ces agents zoonotiquesaux militaires présents sur ces sites, en application du concept «une seule santé».
Les leçons de la pandémie actuelle à Coronavirus SARS-COV-19
Authors: Battin Jacques
Published: January 2021

Key-Words: Sars-Cov2, pandemia, history, Camus, Defoe, Buzatti, Napoleon, Hugo
Saint-Trivier/Chabet el Houidga (Mascara, Algérie) : nouvel éclairage sur un faciès méconnu du début de l’Holocène : le Columnatien
Authors: Dachy Tiphaine , Guéret Colas , Campmas Emilie , Simonnet Robert , Bon François , Perrin Thomas
Published: January 2021

Résumé : C’est à la fin des années 1950, durant la guerre d’indépendance algérienne, que Georges Simonnet entreprit plusieurs sondages, sous forme de tranchées, sur le gisement de Saint-Trivier, à Mascara (Algérie). Le site se présente sous la forme d’une accumulation de vestiges d’occupations préhistoriques plus ou moins cendreux et de niveaux coquillers, en bordure d’un ravin abrupt l’ayant partiellement entaillé. Les sondages réalisés ont livré de nombreux vestiges de silex taillés, d’ossements animaux et de gastéropodes, ainsi que plusieurs aménagements, fosses et foyers. Issues d’une zone géographique à l’écart de l’essentiel des gisements algériens connus pour le début de l’Holocène, ces données s’avèrent particulièrement précieuses. La restitution du déroulé des opérations de terrain, des choix méthodologiques et l’examen des documents photographiques permettent de replacer les vestiges archéologiques au sein d’une stratigraphie de plus d’un mètre, scandée de plusieurs occupations distinctes. Adossée à plusieurs datations radiocarbone, l’analyse de l’évolution des industries lithiques et osseuses suggère que l’occupation principale se rapporte à un faciès particulier de l’Épipaléolithique méditerranéen d’Afrique du Nord : le Columnatien. Individualisé dans les années 1970, celui-ci n’était pour l’heure documenté que par deux gisements : Columnata et le site du Cubitus. Ces nouvelles données permettent d’apporter un éclairage inédit sur ce faciès particulier, daté du 8e millénaire avant notre ère, en Algérie occidentale.