bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OCT1-target neural gene PFN2 promotes tumor growth in androgen receptor-negative prostate cancer
Authors: Obinata Daisuke , Funakoshi Daigo , Takayama Kenichi , Hara Makoto , Niranjan Birunthi , Teng Linda , Lawrence Mitchell G. , Taylor Renea A. , Risbridger Gail P. , Suzuki Yutaka , Takahashi Satoru , Inoue Satoshi
Published: April 2022

Androgen and androgen receptor (AR) targeted therapies are the main treatment for most prostate cancer (PC) patients. Although AR signaling inhibitors are effective, tumors can evade this treatment by transforming to an AR-negative PC via lineage plasticity. OCT1 is a transcription factor interacting with the AR to enhance signaling pathways involved in PC progression, but its role in the emergence of the AR-negative PC is unknown. We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) in patient-derived castration-resistant AR-negative PC cells to identify genes that are regulated by OCT1. Interestingly, a group of genes associated with neural precursor cell proliferation was significantly enriched. Then, we focused on neural genes STNB1 and PFN2 as OCT1-targets among them. Immunohistochemistry revealed that both STNB1 and PFN2 are highly expressed in human AR-negative PC tissues. Knockdown of SNTB1 and PFN2 by siRNAs significantly inhibited migration of AR-negative PC cells. Notably, knockdown of PFN2 showed a marked inhibitory effect on tumor growth in vivo. Thus, we identified OCT1-target genes in AR-negative PC using a patient-derived model, clinicopathologial analysis and an animal model.
Upper limb isokinetic muscle strength predicts the performance in cross-country sit-skiing
Authors: Liu Chenglin , Tian Yuan , Zhou Longfeng , Tian Zhulin , Sun Gang , Yin Jun , Zhou Zhixiong
Published: April 2022

The double poling (DP) technique in cross-country sit-skiing is primarily considered as an upper-body exercise. The upper limb muscle strength and motion economy are important factors accounting for DP performance in cross-country sit-skiing. The present study investigates how upper limb muscle strength predicts DP performance in cross-country sit-skiing. A total of 19 female non-disabled college students (age 23.2 ± 0.8 years, BMI 20.4 ± 2.2) performed 30-s and 3-min DP performance tests using a sit-skiing ergometer. Isokinetic muscle strength of the shoulder and elbow extensor were measured at the angular velocity of 30°/s, 60°/s, and 120°/s with an ISOMED2000 isokinetic system. A medium correlation was found between DP output power and isokinetic upper limb muscle strength (shoulder strength at all speeds, r = 0.39–0.74, p ≤ 0.1). Multiple regression analyses which were employed to predict power production in the 30-s and 3-min tests showed that shoulder extension strength at 60°/s accounted for 34% of the variation in the 30-s test, and 40% of the variance in the 3-min test. Muscle strength and biomechanical analysis of DP process indicated that upper limb extensor muscle strength and muscle coordination were important factors for the power output generation in sit-skiing DP. These results may use to guide special physical fitness training for paralympic cross-country sit-skiing.
An influence of dew point temperature on the occurrence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis disease in Chennai, India
Authors: Krishnan Rajendran , Thiruvengadam Kannan , Jayabal Lavanya , Selvaraju Sriram , Watson Basilea , Malaisamy Muniyandi , Nagarajan Karikalan , Tripathy Srikanth P. , Chinnaiyan Ponnuraja , Chandrasekaran Padmapriyadarsini
Published: April 2022

Climate factors such as dew point temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric temperature may be crucial for the spread of tuberculosis. This study was conducted for the first time to investigate the relationship of climatic factors with TB occurrence in an Indian setting. Daily tuberculosis notification data during 2008–2015 were generated from the National Treatment Elimination Program, and analogous daily climatic data were obtained from the Regional Meteorological Centre at Chennai city, Tamil Nadu, India. The decomposition method was adopted to split the series into deterministic and non-deterministic components, such as seasonal, non-seasonal, trend and cyclical, and non-deterministic climate factors. A generalized linear model was used to assess the relation independently. TB disease progression from latent stage infection to active was supported by higher dew point temperature and moderate temperature. It had a significant association with TB progression in the summer and monsoon seasons. The relative humidity may be favored in the winter and post-monsoon. The water tiny dew droplets may support the TB bacterium to recuperate in the environment.
Evaluation of dental caries detection with quantitative light-induced fluorescence in comparison to different field of view devices
Authors: Oh Song Hee , Choi Jin-Young , Kim Seong-Hun
Published: April 2022

This study evaluated dental caries detection ability between the Qraycam and Qraypen on the same dental caries lesions. A total of 178teeth from 61patients were imaged using Qraypen C®(QC) and Qraycam Pro®(QP) devices and evaluated using analysis software (QA2). Occlusal, secondary, and proximal dental caries were evaluated and scored according to International Caries Detection and Assessment System(ICDAS II) and X-ray criteria. Bland–Altman plots were used to compare quantitative light-induced fluorescence(QLF) parameters obtained from the different QLF devices. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC) were calculated. The ΔFaver. of the QLF-parameters showed that the mean difference between the two different QLF devices was close to zero and that the ± 5 error value was included in the mean ± 1.96SD range for the detection of dental caries. The accuracies for diagnosing occlusal dental caries were 0.83–0.96 and 0.81–0.82 and the accuracies for diagnosing proximal dental caries were 0.52–0.62 and 0.52–0.71 for the QC and QP devices, respectively. In conclusion, the ΔFaver. obtained from the QP showed diagnostic value mainly for screening of demineralized teeth. For teeth selected through screening, the depth of the lesion must be precisely evaluated using additional QP and radiographic imaging.
Separation of U87 glioblastoma cell-derived small and medium extracellular vesicles using elasto-inertial flow focusing (a spiral channel)
Authors: Shiri Farhad , Feng Haidong , Petersen Kevin E. , Sant Himanshu , Bardi Gina T. , Schroeder Luke A. , Merchant Michael L. , Gale Bruce K. , Hood Joshua L.
Published: April 2022

Nanoscale and microscale cell-derived extracellular vesicle types and subtypes are of significant interest to researchers in biology and medicine. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have diagnostic and therapeutic potential in terms of biomarker and nanomedicine applications. To enable such applications, EVs must be isolated from biological fluids or separated from other EV types. Developing methods to fractionate EVs is of great importance to EV researchers. Our goal was to begin to develop a device that would separate medium EVs (mEVs, traditionally termed microvesicles or shedding vesicles) and small EVs (sEVs, traditionally termed exosomes) by elasto-inertial effect. We sought to develop a miniaturized technology that works similar to and provides the benefits of differential ultracentrifugation but is more suitable for EV-based microfluidic applications. The aim of this study was to determine whether we could use elasto-inertial focusing to re-isolate and recover U87 mEVs and sEVs from a mixture of mEVs and sEVs isolated initially by one round of differential ultracentrifugation. The studied spiral channel device can continuously process 5 ml of sample fluid per hour. Using the channel, sEVs and mEVs were recovered and re-isolated from a mixture of U87 glioma cell-derived mEVs and sEVs pre-isolated by one round of differential ultracentrifugation. Following two passes through the spiral channel, approximately 55% of sEVs were recovered with 6% contamination by mEVs (the recovered sEVs contained 6% of the total mEVs). In contrast, recovery of U87 mEVs and sEVs re-isolated using a typical second centrifugation wash step was only 8% and 53%, respectively. The spiral channel also performed similar to differential ultracentrifugation in reisolating sEVs while significantly improving mEV reisolation from a mixture of U87 sEVs and mEVs. Ultimately this technology can also be coupled to other microfluidic EV isolation methods in series and/or parallel to improve isolation and minimize loss of EV subtypes.
Learned self-regulation in top-level managers through neurobiofeedback training improves decision making under stress
Authors: Iodice Pierpaolo , Cannito L. , Chaigneau A. , Palumbo R.
Published: April 2022

Top-level management teams are particularly exposed to stress factors as they frequently have to make important decision under stress. While an existing body of research evidence suggests that stress negatively affects decision-making processes, very little is known about possible strategies to reduce these negative effects. The aim of the current work is to investigate the effect of training self-regulation ability through neurobiofeedback on managers’ intertemporal and risky decision making. Twenty-three managers were assigned to the experimental or the control condition. All participants performed, two decisional tasks, before and after a training phase. The tasks were administered through mouse tracker software, in order to measure participants’ delay discounting and risk taking propensity on both explicit and implicit choice parameters. During the training phase, the experimental condition received a training protocol based on stress assessment tests via neurobiofeedback signals (i.e., temperature and skin conductance), with the goal of improving self-regulation ability while the control condition was administered a control training. The main result of this study is to have conclusively demonstrated that NBF training increases an individual's ability to self-regulate stress-related psychophysiological phenomena. Consequently, the improved ability to manage one's own reaction to stress enables a reduction in instinctive behavior during a probabilistic choice task.
Telomere length was associated with grade and pathological features of meningioma
Authors: Yamakawa Keiko , Mukai Yuri , Ye Juanjuan , Muto-Ishizuka Mariko , Ito Masumi , Tanimoto Misa , Suizu Futoshi , Asano Kenichiro , Kurose Akira , Matsuda Yoko
Published: April 2022

Telomeres are tandem repeats of the TTAGGG sequence at chromosomal ends and afford protection against chromosomal instability. To investigate the contribution of telomere dysfunction in meningiomas, here we estimate the associations between telomere length, tumor grade, and proliferation index in a series of 14 archived samples, using quantitative-fluorescence in situ hybridization, Ki67 immunostaining, and pathological analysis. The number of mitoses per 10 high-power fields (HPF) and Ki67 index was higher in grade III cases than in grade I or grade II cases. Telomere length was negatively associated with both the number of mitoses/10HPF and Ki67 index. Meningioma cases with atypical mitosis, a morphological marker of chromosomal instability, exhibited shortened telomeres. Among telomere-shortened meningioma cases, 40% were grade I, 20% were grade II, and 100% were grade III. In grade I or II meningiomas, shortened telomeres lacked high proliferation activity and atypical mitosis. In conclusion, telomere shortening might be pivotal in the development of high-grade meningioma. Analysis of telomere length might be a selective marker for meningiomas with high-grade malignant potential.
Experimental evidence of auxeticity in ion implanted single crystal calcite
Authors: Liao Michael E. , Li Chao , Shah Nachiket , Hsiao Yi-Hsuan , Bauchy Mathieu , Sant Gaurav , Goorsky Mark S.
Published: April 2022

We report initial experimental evidence of auxeticity in calcite by ion implanting (1010) oriented single crystalline calcite with Ar+ at room temperature using an ion energy of 400 keV and a dose of 1 × 1014 cm−2. Lattice compression normal to the substrate surface was observed, which is an atypical result for ion implanted materials. The auxetic behavior is consistent with predictions that indicate auxeticity had been predicted along two crystallographic directions including [1010]. Materials with a positive Poisson’s ratio experience lattice expansion normal to the substrate surface when ion implanted, whereas lattice contraction normal to the surface is evidence of auxetic behavior. Triple-axis X-ray diffraction measurements confirmed the auxetic strain state of the implanted calcite substrates. Reciprocal space maps for the symmetric 3030 and asymmetric 1450 reflections revealed that the implanted region was fully strained (pseudomorphic) to the bulk of the substrate, as is typical with implanted single crystals. A symmetric (3030) ω:2θ line scan was used with X-ray dynamical diffraction simulations to model the strain profile and extract the variation of compressive strain as a function of depth normal to the substrate surface. SRIM calculations were performed to obtain a displacement-per-atom profile and implanted Ar+ concentration profile. It was found that the strain profile matches the displacement-per-atom profile. This study demonstrated the use of ion implantation and X-ray diffraction methods to probe mechanical properties of materials and to test predictions such as the auxeticity.
Bovine host genome acts on rumen microbiome function linked to methane emissions
Authors: Martínez-Álvaro Marina , Auffret Marc D. , Duthie Carol-Anne , Dewhurst Richard J. , Cleveland Matthew A. , Watson Mick , Roehe Rainer
Published: April 2022

Our study provides substantial evidence that the host genome affects the comprehensive function of the microbiome in the rumen of bovines. Of 1,107/225/1,141 rumen microbial genera/metagenome assembled uncultured genomes (RUGs)/genes identified from whole metagenomics sequencing, 194/14/337 had significant host genomic effects (heritabilities ranging from 0.13 to 0.61), revealing that substantial variation of the microbiome is under host genomic control. We found 29/22/115 microbial genera/RUGs/genes host-genomically correlated (|0.59| to |0.93|) with emissions of the potent greenhouse gas methane (CH4), highlighting the strength of a common host genomic control of specific microbial processes and CH4. Only one of these microbial genes was directly involved in methanogenesis (cofG), whereas others were involved in providing substrates for archaea (e.g.bcdandpccB), important microbial interspecies communication mechanisms (ABC.PE.P), host-microbiome interaction (TSTA3) and genetic information processes (RP-L35). In our population, selection based on abundances of the 30 most informative microbial genes provided a mitigation potential of 17% of mean CH4emissions per generation, which is higher than for selection based on measured CH4using respiration chambers (13%), indicating the high potential of microbiome-driven breeding to cumulatively reduce CH4emissions and mitigate climate change.
SimiC enables the inference of complex gene regulatory dynamics across cell phenotypes
Authors: Peng Jianhao , Serrano Guillermo , Traniello Ian M. , Calleja-Cervantes Maria E. , Chembazhi Ullas V. , Bangru Sushant , Ezponda Teresa , Rodriguez-Madoz Juan Roberto , Kalsotra Auinash , Prosper Felipe , Ochoa Idoia , Hernaez Mikel
Published: April 2022

Single-cell RNA-Sequencing has the potential to provide deep biological insights by revealing complex regulatory interactions across diverse cell phenotypes at single-cell resolution. However, current single-cell gene regulatory network inference methods produce a single regulatory network per input dataset, limiting their capability to uncover complex regulatory relationships across related cell phenotypes. We present SimiC, a single-cell gene regulatory inference framework that overcomes this limitation by jointly inferring distinct, but related, gene regulatory dynamics per phenotype. We show that SimiC uncovers key regulatory dynamics missed by previously proposed methods across a range of systems, both model and non-model alike. In particular, SimiC was able to uncover CAR T cell dynamics after tumor recognition and key regulatory patterns on a regenerating liver, and was able to implicate glial cells in the generation of distinct behavioral states in honeybees. SimiC hence establishes a new approach to quantitating regulatory architectures between distinct cellular phenotypes, with far-reaching implications for systems biology.
Thin-film lithium-niobate electro-optic platform for spectrally tailored dual-comb spectroscopy
Authors: Shams-Ansari Amirhassan , Yu Mengjie , Chen Zaijun , Reimer Christian , Zhang Mian , Picqué Nathalie , Lončar Marko
Published: April 2022

Laser frequency comb generators on photonic chips open up the exciting prospect of integrated dual-comb microspectrometers. Amongst all nanophotonic platforms, the technology of low-loss thin-film lithium-niobate-on-insulator shows distinguishing features, such as the possibility to combine various optoelectronic and nonlinear optical functionalities that harness second- and third-order nonlinearities, and thus promises the fabrication of a fully on-chip instrument. Here, a critical step towards such achievement is demonstrated with an electro-optic microring-based dual-comb interferometer. Spectra centered at 191.5 THz and spanning 1.6 THz (53 cm−1) at a resolution of 10 GHz (0.33 cm−1) are obtained in a single measurement without requiring frequency scanning or moving parts. The frequency agility of the system enables spectrally-tailored multiplexed sensing, which allows for interrogation of non-adjacent spectral regions, here separated by 6.6 THz (220 cm−1), without compromising the signal-to-noise ratio. Our studies show that electro-optic-based nanophotonic technology holds much promise for new strategies of molecular sensing over broad spectral bandwidths.
Long-range cooperative resonances in rare-earth ion arrays inside photonic resonators
Authors: Pak Dongmin , Nandi Arindam , Titze Michael , Bielejec Edward S. , Alaeian Hadiseh , Hosseini Mahdi
Published: April 2022

Engineering arrays of active optical centers to control the interaction Hamiltonian between light and matter has been the subject of intense research recently. Collective interaction of atomic arrays with optical photons can give rise to directionally enhanced absorption or emission, which enables engineering of broadband and strong atom-photon interfaces. Here, we report on the observation of long-range cooperative resonances in an array of rare-earth ions controllably implanted into a solid-state lithium niobate micro-ring resonator. We show that cooperative effects can be observed in an ordered ion array extended far beyond the light’s wavelength. We observe enhanced emission from both cavity-induced Purcell enhancement and array-induced collective resonances at cryogenic temperatures. Engineering collective resonances as a paradigm for enhanced light-matter interactions can enable suppression of free-space spontaneous emission. The multi-functionality of lithium niobate hosting rare-earth ions can open possibilities of quantum photonic device engineering for scalable and multiplexed quantum networks.
Prospective validation of smartphone-based heart rate and respiratory rate measurement algorithms
Authors: Bae Sean , Borac Silviu , Emre Yunus , Wang Jonathan , Wu Jiang , Kashyap Mehr , Kang Si-Hyuck , Chen Liwen , Moran Melissa , Cannon Julie , Teasley Eric S. , Chai Allen , Liu Yun , Wadhwa Neal , Krainin Michael , Rubinstein Michael , Maciel Alejandra , McConnell Michael V. , Patel Shwetak , Corrado Greg S. , Taylor James A. , Zhan Jiening , Po Ming Jack
Published: April 2022

Background

Measuring vital signs plays a key role in both patient care and wellness, but can be challenging outside of medical settings due to the lack of specialized equipment.

Methods

In this study, we prospectively evaluated smartphone camera-based techniques for measuring heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) for consumer wellness use. HR was measured by placing the finger over the rear-facing camera, while RR was measured via a video of the participants sitting still in front of the front-facing camera.

Results

In the HR study of 95 participants (with a protocol that included both measurements at rest and post exercise), the mean absolute percent error (MAPE) ± standard deviation of the measurement was 1.6% ± 4.3%, which was significantly lower than the pre-specified goal of 5%. No significant differences in the MAPE were present across colorimeter-measured skin-tone subgroups: 1.8% ± 4.5% for very light to intermediate, 1.3% ± 3.3% for tan and brown, and 1.8% ± 4.9% for dark. In the RR study of 50 participants, the mean absolute error (MAE) was 0.78 ± 0.61 breaths/min, which was significantly lower than the pre-specified goal of 3 breaths/min. The MAE was low in both healthy participants (0.70 ± 0.67 breaths/min), and participants with chronic respiratory conditions (0.80 ± 0.60 breaths/min).

Conclusions

These results validate the accuracy of our smartphone camera-based techniques to measure HR and RR across a range of pre-defined subgroups.
Understanding the mechanism and kinetics of the formation and breaking of ring structures during silica polymerization: a computational study
Authors: Shere Inderdip , Malani Ateeque
Published: April 2022

Probing the nucleation and growth kinetics of rings in porous silica-gel.
Is MIP-OES a suitable alternative to ICP-OES for trace element analysis?
Authors: Fontoura Beatriz M. , Jofré Florencia Cora , Williams Trey , Savio Marianela , Donati George L. , Nóbrega Joaquim A.
Published: April 2022

New developments in instrumentation, plasma diagnostics, calibration, and sample preparation applied to MIP-OES may make it competitive with ICP-OES.
Mixed ionic and electronic conducting binders containing PEDOT:PSS and organic ionic plastic crystals toward carbon-free solid-state battery cathodes
Authors: del Olmo Rafael , Mendes Tiago C. , Forsyth Maria , Casado Nerea
Published: April 2022

PEDOT:PSS was combined with OIPCs (C2mpyrFSI and C2mpyrTFSI) which gave high ionic and electronic conductivities and when employed for the first time in a solid-state Li|LiFePO4cell as an OMIEC binder it showed an outstanding performance.
Tetravalent formulation of polymeric nanoparticle-based vaccine induces a potent immune response against dengue virus
Authors: Khan Rafiq Ahmad , Ahmed Farhan , Afroz Sumbul , Khan Nooruddin
Published: April 2022

Tetravalent polymeric nanoparticle-based dengue vaccine induces balanced antigen-specific T-cell driven effective B-cell immune response with serotype specific neutralizing antibodies.
Recent developments in the synthesis of bio-inspired iron porphyrins for small molecule activation
Authors: Amanullah Sk , Saha Paramita , Dey Abhishek
Published: April 2022

Nature utilizes a diverse set of tetrapyrrole-based macrocycles (referred to as porphyrinoids) for catalyzing various biological processes.
Catalytic asymmetric [3 + 2] cycloaddition of pyrazolone-derived MBH carbonate: highly stereoselective construction of the bispiro-[pyrazolone-dihydropyrrole-oxindole] skeleton
Authors: Tian Zhou , Jiang Jing , Yan Zhen-Hui , Luo Qing-Qing , Zhan Gu , Huang Wei , Li Xiang , Han Bo
Published: April 2022

A catalytic asymmetric construction of the bispiro[pyrazolone-dihydropyrrole-oxindole] skeleton catalyzed by chiral DMAP-derived catalyst was successfully achieved by employing recently explored pyrazolone-derived MBH carbonate.
Highly accelerated isothermal nucleic acid amplifications by butanol dehydration: simple, more efficient, and ultrasensitive
Authors: Zhang Li-Min , Gao Qing-Xin , Xie Bao-Ping , Chen Jun , Duan Wen-Jun
Published: April 2022

A very simple approach based on butanol dehydration produces greatly improved efficiency and senstitivity in isothermal nucleic acid amplification reactions.
Revealing the crystal phases of primary particles formed during the coprecipitation of iron oxides
Authors: Mao Yu , Zhang Zuoheng , Zhan Hongfeng , Sun Jianfei , Li Yan , Su Zhenhuang , Chen Yonghua , Gao Xingyu , Huang Xiao , Gu Ning
Published: April 2022

A gas–liquid mixed phase fluidic reactor was designed to control the coprecipitation reaction of iron oxides, revealing the phase evolution of the primary nanoparticles formed at the initial stage of the reaction.
Crystalline-state chemiluminescence reactions of two-fluorophore-linked adamantylideneadamantane 1,2-dioxetane isomers accompanied by solid-to-solid phase transitions
Authors: Matsuhashi Chihiro , Oyama Hironaga , Uekusa Hidehiro , Sato-Tomita Ayana , Ichiyanagi Kouhei , Maki Shojiro , Hirano Takashi
Published: April 2022

Crystalline-state chemiluminescence (CL) reactions of 1,2-dioxetane isomers with two fluorophore side chains showed isomeric differences in CL properties and reaction behavior, reflecting solid-to-solid phase transitions.
A critical evaluation of the catalytic role of CO2 in propane dehydrogenation catalyzed by chromium oxide from a DFT-based microkinetic simulation
Authors: Zhi ShuaiKe , Lian Zan , Si ChaoWei , Jan Faheem , Yang Min , Li Bo
Published: April 2022

Soft oxidant, CO2, triggered the catalytic performance of propane dehydrogenation with balanced stability and selectivity.
Absolute photodissociation cross sections of thermalized methyl vinyl ketone oxide and methacrolein oxide
Authors: Lin Yen-Hsiu , Takahashi Kaito , Lin Jim Jr-Min
Published: April 2022

A photodepletion method was applied to measure the absolute cross sections of methyl vinyl ketone oxide (MVKO) and methacrolein oxide (MACRO). Their cross sections are substantially larger than those of simpler non-conjugated Criegee intermediates.
Probing the presence and absence of metal-fullerene electron transfer reactions in helium nanodroplets by deflection measurements
Authors: Niman John W. , Kamerin Benjamin S. , Villers Thomas H. , Linker Thomas M. , Nakano Aiichiro , Kresin Vitaly V.
Published: April 2022

Electrostatic deflection of a beam of helium nanodroplets containing fullerenes and metal atoms reveals whether these dopants are able to form charge-transfer complexes.
Preparation of a bis-Schiff base immobilized mesoporous SBA-15 nanosensor for the fluorogenic sensing and adsorption of Cu2+
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhu Tao , Wang Huiyan , Zheng Liangliang , Chen Ming , Wang Wenyong
Published: April 2022

An inorganic–organic chemosensing material (MS-NSP) was developed by anchoring a bis-Schiff base fluorophore onto the channel surface of a SBA-15 mesoporous silica surface with a quaternary ammonium linker.
Measurement of gas-phase OH radical oxidation and film thickness of organic films at the air–water interface using material extracted from urban, remote and wood smoke aerosol
Authors: Shepherd Rosalie H. , King Martin D. , Rennie Adrian R. , Ward Andrew D. , Frey Markus M. , Brough Neil , Eveson Joshua , Del Vento Sabino , Milsom Adam , Pfrang Christian , Skoda Maximilian W. A. , Welbourn Rebecca J. L.
Published: April 2022

The presence of an organic film on a cloud droplet or aqueous aerosol particle has the potential to alter the chemical, optical and physical properties of the droplet or particle.
A novel multi-physics coupled heterogeneous single-cell numerical model for solid oxide fuel cell based on 3D microstructure reconstructions
Authors: Su Yunpeng , Zhong Zheng , Jiao Zhenjun
Published: April 2022

Microstructures of all components in a SOFC were reconstructed in 3D to build a novel multi-physics coupled heterogeneous single-cell numerical model. Simulations were conducted in COMSOL coordinated with custom codes.
A modular microfluidic platform to enable complex and customisable in vitro models for neuroscience
Authors: Megarity D. , Vroman R. , Kriek M. , Downey P. , Bushell T. J. , Zagnoni M.
Published: April 2022

By manually assembling microfluidic modules, a variety of bespoke, in vitro brain models can be built for novel neuroscience research.
Progress in the preparation and application of CsPbX3 perovskites
Authors: Pan Yingwen , Zhang Yaofang , Kang Weimin , Deng Nanping , Yan Zirui , Sun Wei , Kang Xiaoying , Ni Jian
Published: April 2022

In this review, recent progress on the preparation and application of CsPbX3 perovskites is outlined.
Anisotropic dual-plasmonic hetero-nanostructures with tunable plasmonic coupling effects
Authors: Ivanchenko Mariia , Jing Hao
Published: April 2022

The influence of plasmonic coupling effects between different components in Au NRs@Cu2−xSe nanostructures on their characteristics was studied.
Pluronic F127-assisted partial decomposition of ammonium phosphomolybdate and its application as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the alkylation of toluene with benzyl alcohol
Authors: Lian Huabin , Gu Qiangmin , Shi Shumei , Wang Tingting , Zhang Heng
Published: April 2022

The thermal decomposition of ammonium phosphomolybdate was adjusted by F127 to obtain an efficient and recyclable catalyst for liquid-phase alkylation.
A DFT study of NHC-catalyzed reactions between 2-bromo-2-enals and acylhydrazones: mechanisms, and chemo- and stereoselectivities
Authors: Li Yan , Geng Lina , Song Zhiyi , Zhang Zhiqiang
Published: April 2022

The reaction mechanisms and origins of the chemo- and stereoselectivities of NHC-catalyzed [4 + 2] annulation of 2-bromo-2-enals and acylhydrazones.
Poly(vinylpyridine)-containing block copolymers for smart, multicompartment particles
Authors: Lee Dahye , Kim Jinwoo , Ku Kang Hee , Li Sheng , Shin Jaeman J. , Kim Bumjoon J.
Published: April 2022

This review summarizes recent progress in smart multicompartment particles based on PVP-containing block copolymers, including their preparation strategies, properties, and applications.
Impact of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) polysaccharides on the fecal metabolome in a murine colitis model
Authors: Sun Jian , Liu Jun , Ren Ge , Chen Xiaotong , Cai Huahao , Hong Jinhai , Kan Juan , Jin Changhai , Niu Fuxiang , Zhang Wenting
Published: April 2022

Purple sweet potato polysaccharides (PSPP) play an important role in regulating the gut microbiota, modulating intestinal immunity and ameliorating colonic inflammation.
Phenanthroline based rotaxanes: recent developments in syntheses and applications
Authors: Rashid Showkat , Yoshigoe Yusuke , Saito Shinichi
Published: April 2022

The advancements in the field of mechanically interlocked molecular systems (MIMs) has concurrently restructured the material chemistry frontiers and provided ample scope to explore new dimensions for applications and diversity creation.
Heme compound II models in chemoselectivity and disproportionation reactions
Authors: Gupta Ranjana , Li Xiao-Xi , Lee Youngseob , Seo Mi Sook , Lee Yong-Min , Yanagisawa Sachiko , Kubo Minoru , Sarangi Ritimukta , Cho Kyung-Bin , Fukuzumi Shunichi , Nam Wonwoo
Published: April 2022

Disproportionation of Cpd II models depends on the electron-richness of the porphyrin ligand; Cpd II with an electron-deficient ligand is difficult to disproportionate, whereas Cpd II with an electron-rich ligand readily disproportionates to form Cpd I as a true oxidant.
From glow-sticks to sensors: single-electrode electrochemical detection for paper-based devices
Authors: Vidal Ezequiel , Domini Claudia E. , Whitehead Daniel C. , Garcia Carlos D.
Published: April 2022

A versatile biosensing platform based on a single electrode electrochemical system, paper-based devices and glow sticks.
3D hierarchical core–shell structural NiCoMoS@NiCoAl hydrotalcite for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Kai , Zeng Hong-Yan , Wang Ming-Xin , Li Hao-Bo , Yan Wei , Wang Huan-Bin , Tang Zhen-Hua
Published: April 2022

The sand rose-like NiCoAl-LDH welding on the top of the NiCoMoS nanoneedles exhibited a high energy density of 41.9 W h kg−1 at a power density of 800 W kg−1.
Applications of advanced metrology for understanding the effects of drying temperature in the lithium-ion battery electrode manufacturing process
Authors: Zhang Ye Shui , Bailey Josh J. , Sun Yige , Boyce Adam M. , Dawson Will , Reynolds Carl D. , Zhang Zhenyu , Lu Xuekun , Grant Patrick , Kendrick Emma , Shearing Paul R. , Brett Dan J. L.
Published: April 2022

The performance of lithium-ion batteries is determined by the architecture and properties of electrodes formed during manufacturing, particularly in the drying process when solvent is removed and the electrode structure is formed.
Chemical insight into the hydrothermal deposition of Sb2(S,Se)3 towards delicate microstructure engineering
Authors: Huang Yuqian , Tang Rongfeng , Wang Gang , Li Gang , Che Bo , Wang Yan , Lian Weitao , Zhu Changfei , Chen Tao
Published: April 2022

The deposition and annealing of hydrothermally deposited Sb2(S,Se)3 are driven by Sb2(Sx,Sey)3 and Sb2(S,Se)3 amorphous nanocrystals, and a zeolite additive can significantly improve the microstructural performance of the Sb2(S,Se)3 absorber layer.
High-density active site COFs with a flower-like morphology for energy storage applications
Authors: He Yuanyuan , An Ning , Meng Congcong , Xie Kefeng , Wang Xiaotong , Dong Xiuyan , Sun Daming , Yang Yuying , Hu Zhongai
Published: April 2022

By controlling the growth direction of the COF nucleus, high-density active site COFs with a flower-like morphology were prepared for energy storage.
Strain-free hybrid perovskite films based on a molecular buffer interface for efficient solar cells
Authors: Liu Da , Chen Mengjiong , Wei Zhanpeng , Zou Can , Liu Xinyi , Xie Jin , Li Qing , Yang Shuang , Hou Yu , Yang Hua Gui
Published: April 2022

We demonstrated that a multi-functional molecular buffer interface could release the tensile stress of films and attain an efficiency of 22.14%.
Enhanced energy storage properties of hafnium-modified (0.7Ba0.55Sr0.45–0.3Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-based relaxor ferroelectric ceramics via regulating polarization nonlinearity and bandgap
Authors: Yang Fan , Bao Yizheng , Huang Wei , Li Xin , Chen Ying , Wang Genshui
Published: April 2022

Schematic diagram of the strategy for achieving excellent energy storage properties in Hf-modified (0.7BS–0.3BN)TiO3 ceramics via regulating polarization nonlinearity and bandgap.
Modulation of the intramolecular hydrogen bonding and push–pull electron effects toward realizing highly efficient organic room temperature phosphorescence
Authors: Jiang Guoyu , Li Qiyao , Lv Anqi , Liu Lingxiu , Gong Jianye , Ma Huili , Wang Jianguo , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: April 2022

A facile design strategy based on the structural control of intramolecular hydrogen bonding and push–pull electron effects was proposed to construct highly efficient UORTP materials.
Employing three-blade propeller lanthanide complexes as molecular luminescent thermometers: study of temperature sensing through a concerted experimental/theory approach
Authors: Lyubov Dmitry M. , Carneiro Neto Albano N. , Fayoumi Ahmad , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Korshunov Vladislav M. , Taydakov Ilya V. , Salles Fabrice , Guari Yannick , Larionova Joulia , Carlos Luis D. , Long Jérôme , Trifonov Alexander A.
Published: April 2022

The synthesis, structures, magnetic and luminescence (including thermometry) properties of a series of three-blade propeller homoleptic lanthanide complexes are reported.
Global research progress on mining wastewater treatment: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Zahoor Aqib , Mao Guozhu , Jia Xinming , Xiao Xiao , Chen Jian Lin
Published: April 2022

Mining wastewater treatment (MWWT) methods have played a vital role in sustainable water management in recent years.
Microbial pathways for advanced biofuel production
Authors: Love John
Published: April 2022

Decarbonisation of the transport sector is essential to mitigate anthropogenic climate change. Microbial metabolisms are already integral to the production of renewable, sustainable fuels and, building on that foundation, are being re-engineered to generate the advanced biofuels that will maintain mobility of people and goods during the energy transition. This review surveys the range of natural and engineered microbial systems for advanced biofuels production and summarises some of the techno-economic challenges associated with their implementation at industrial scales.
Small extracellular vesicles derived from patients with persistent atrial fibrillation exacerbate arrhythmogenesis via miR-30a-5p
Authors: Mun Dasom , Kim Hyoeun , Kang Ji-Young , Yun Nuri , Youn Young-Nam , Joung Boyoung
Published: April 2022

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are nanometer-sized membranous vesicles that contribute to the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). Here, we investigated the role of sEVs derived from patients with persistent AF in the pathophysiology of AF. First, we evaluated the pathological effects of sEVs derived from the peripheral blood of patients with persistent AF (AF-sEVs). AF-sEVs treatment reduced cell viability, caused abnormal Ca2+ handling, induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and led to increased CaMKII activation of non-paced and paced atrial cardiomyocytes. Next, we analyzed the miRNA profile of AF-sEVs to investigate which components of AF-sEVs promote arrhythmias, and we selected six miRNAs that correlated with CaMKII activation. qRT-PCR experiment identified that miR-30a-5p was significantly down-regulated in AF-sEVs, paced cardiomyocytes, and atrial tissues of patients with persistent AF. CaMKII was predicted by bioinformatics analysis as a miR-30a-5p target gene and validated by a dual luciferase reporter; hence, we evaluated the effects of miR-30a-5p on paced cardiomyocytes and validated miR-30a-5p as a pro-arrhythmic signature of AF-sEVs. Consequently, AF-sEVs-loaded with miR-30a-5p attenuated pacing-induced Ca2+-handling abnormalities, whereas AF-sEVs-loaded with anti-miR-30a-5p reversed the change in paced cardiomyocytes. Taken together, the regulation of CaMKII by miR-30a-5p revealed that miR-30a-5p is a major mediator for AF-sEVs-mediated AF pathogenesis. Accordingly, these findings suggest that sEVs derived from patients with persistent AF exacerbate arrhythmogenesis via miR-30a-5p.
Machine‐learning‐based pilot symbol assisted channel prediction
Authors: Ye Youjie , Chen Yunfei
Published: April 2022

In this paper, machine learning (ML) algorithms are used for channel prediction in wireless communications. The performances of five ML algorithms are compared in terms of the prediction accuracy and the symbol error rate (SER) of different modulation schemes based on the prediction. The result shows that, for channel prediction, support vector machine (SVM) has the best performance in terms of accuracy and stability. For signal detection, SVM and linear regression (LR) have their own advantages in different ranges of signal to noise ratio (SNR). At high constellation size, ML methods give similar performances to existing scheme. From the numerical examples, the SERs based on SVM and LR can both reach lower than 10−3 in binary phase shift keying and 16‐ary quadrature amplitude modulation signalling, and can reach 1.13 and 4.28 in 16‐ary phase shift keying signalling respectively. In terms of prediction time, SVM is more efficient.
Random bit sequence generation from speckle patterns produced with multimode waveguides
Authors: Dias Lília Maria Santos , Silvério Tiago Filipe Santos , Sá Ferreira Rute Amorim , de Brito André Paulo Sérgio
Published: April 2022

With the rapid development of digital ecosystems, such as mobile applications towards goods/monetary transactions, a new paradigm of data transfer arises, which requires fast and reliable algorithms to generate random numbers. The statistical nature of speckle‐based imaging creates an opportunity for these generators to arise as random number generators given the unpredictability and irreproducibility of such patterns. Hence, it is shown that the establishment of an experimental system is able to produce unique speckle patterns for remote cryptographic key storage and distribution, with a potential key rate generation of Gbs.
Sliding‐mode‐based admissible consensus of nonlinear singular stochastic uncertain semi‐Markov multi‐agent systems with time‐varying delay
Authors: Wang Huaizhu , Liu Guoyun
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the sliding mode control of nonlinear singular stochastic uncertain semi‐Markov multi‐agent systems with time‐varying delay are studied. Firstly, a new integral sliding surface function is designed. Secondly, a new sufficient condition in the form of linear matrix inequality is derived to guarantee the stochastic admissibility by using the semi‐Markov–Lyapunov function. Thirdly, a sliding mode control law can be synthesised to ensure the reachability of the predefined sliding surface. Finally, an example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the result.
Evidence of a vertical kinematic oscillation beyond the Radcliffe wave
Authors: Thulasidharan L. , D’Onghia E. , Poggio E. , Drimmel R. , Gallagher III J. S. , Swiggum C. , Benjamin R. A. , Alves J.
Published: April 2022

The Radcliffe wave (RW) is a recently discovered sinusoidal vertical feature of dense gas in the proximity of the Sun. In the disk plane, it is aligned with the Local Arm. However, the origin of its vertical undulation is still unknown. This study constrains the kinematics of the RW, using young stars and open clusters as tracers, and explores the possibility of this oscillation being part of a more extended vertical mode. We study the median vertical velocity trends of the young stars and clusters along with the RW and extend it further to the region beyond it. We discovered a kinematic wave in the Galaxy, distinct from the warp, with the amplitude of oscillation depending on the age of the stellar population. We performed a similar analysis in the N-body simulation of a satellite as massive as the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy impacting the galactic disk. When projected in the plane, the spiral density wave induced by the satellite impact is aligned with the RW, suggesting that both may be the response of the disk to an external perturbation. However, the observed kinematic wave is misaligned. It appears as a kinematic wave travelling radially, winding up faster than the density wave matched by the RW, setting its origins into question. If a satellite galaxy is indeed responsible for the presence of this kinematic wave, we predict the existence of a vertical velocity dipole that would be expected to form across the disk. The reality of this prediction may be measurable with the upcoming Gaia DR3 and DR4.
Effekte einer Ernährungs- und Sportintervention bei
Volkschulkindern im Alter von 8–11 Jahren nach neunmonatiger
Intervention: EDDY Young Studie
Authors: Widhalm Kurt , Hauer Richard , Tschan Harald , Porjesova Katarina
Published: April 2022

Entsprechend den Forderungen der World Health Organization (WHO) wurde im Rahmen
eines Präventionsprojektes bei 95 Wiener Volksschulkindern (8–11
Jahre) eine Lifestyle- und Sportintervention in der Schule durchgeführt.
Das Gesamtkollektiv wurde in eine Interventionsgruppe (n=52) und eine
Kontrollgruppe (n=43) unterteilt. Die Intervention bestand aus 8
Einheiten Ernährung und 16 Einheiten Sporttraining pro Semester. Die
Effekte der Intervention wurden durch Messungen des Körpergewichtes, der
Körpergröße des BMI und der
Körperzusammensetzung beurteilt, die sportmotorische
Leistungsfähigkeit wurde mittels des Deutschen Motorik Tests (DMT)
evaluiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass vor Beginn der Intervention die
Prävalenz des Übergewichts/Adipositas in der
Interventionsgruppe (ca 40%) deutlich höher als in der
Kontrollgruppe (ca. 30%) lag. Ebenso war die körperliche Fitness
in der Kontrollgruppe deutlich besser. Die Muskulatur nahm in der
Interventionsgruppe signifikant zu. Ein Effekt der Intervention auf BMI,
Körperzusammensetzung konnte nicht gezeigt werden; allerdings
verbesserte sich die sportmotorische Leistungsfähigkeit der
Interventionsgruppe gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe signifikant
(p<0,05). Daraus wird geschlossen, dass eine 10-monatige kombinierte
Lifestyle-Sport-Intervention, unter Einbeziehung der Eltern, die
Gewichtsentwicklung, Körperzusammensetzung gegenüber einer
Kontrollgruppe nicht beeinflussen kann. Allerdings kann klar gezeigt werden,
dass die körperliche Fitness durch eine kombinierte Intervention
deutlich verbessert werden kann.
Angiologie und schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen: Neues im DGK-Positionspapier?
Authors: Fox Henrik
Published: April 2022

Schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen (SBAS) stellen ein gesundheitliches Risiko dar; sie
beeinflussen Lebensqualität und Prognose negativ. Besonders gefährdet sind dabei
angiologische Patienten mit kardiovaskulären Begleiterkrankungen wie arterielle
Hypertonie, Herzinsuffizienz oder Vorhofflimmern. Dies zum einen, da die Diagnostik
wegen einer Überlagerung der Symptome häufig erschwert ist, zum anderen aber auch durch
eine unmittelbare Korrelation der Pathophysiologie beider Erkrankungen, die gegenseitig
ihren Progress begünstigen. Die sorgfältige Fahndung und Therapie einer SBAS ist somit
bei diesen Patienten besonders herausfordernd. Es stehen mit nicht invasiven
Beatmungsformen und implantierbaren Devices sowie der wachsenden telemedizinischen
Infrastruktur zunehmend Optionen zur Verfügung, welche die Symptomlast und die
gesundheitlichen Risiken reduzieren können. Deshalb fasst der folgende Artikel neue
Entwicklungen zu SBAS zusammen und gibt einen Überblick über aktuelle
Empfehlungen.
Potentieller Einfluss des Nutri-Scores auf den Kaufentscheid und die
Energie- und Nährstoffaufnahme der Schweizer
Bevölkerung
Authors: Zeder Martina , Zaugg Tatjana , Fäh David
Published: April 2022

Einleitung Das Nährwert-Ampelsystem «Nutri-Score»
ist seit 2020 auf einzelnen Lebensmittelverpackungen im Schweizer Detailhandel
abgebildet. Das Ziel dieses Labels ist es, Konsumentinnen und Konsumenten bei
der gesunden Lebensmittelauswahl zu unterstützen und das Risiko
für Adipositas und andere ernährungsbedingte Erkrankungen zu
verringern. In der vorliegenden randomisierten Studie wurde daher der
potentielle Einfluss der Nutri-Score Angabe auf Lebensmittelverpackungen auf die
Kaufentscheidung und die Energie- und Nährstoffaufnahme der Schweizer
Bevölkerung untersucht.

Methode An der Studie nahmen 104 Probandinnen und Probanden teil. Die
Stichprobe wurde randomisiert und in zwei Gruppen eingeteilt. Für die
Interventionsgruppe (n=52) und die Kontrollgruppe (n=52) wurden
zwei standardisierte Fragebögen eingesetzt, anhand welcher die
Fragestellung untersucht wurde. Anhand von Produktabbildungen trafen die
Teilnehmenden eine Auswahl der Lebensmittel, welche sie konsumieren
würden. Der Unterschied der beiden Befragungen bestand darin, dass in
der Interventionsgruppe die Produkte mit Nutri-Scores versehen waren und in der
Kontrollgruppe nicht. Die Ergebnisse der beiden Umfragen wurden auf statistisch
signifikante (p<0.05) Unterschiede der theoretischen Energie- und
Nährstoffaufnahme durch die gewählten Produkte
geprüft.

Ergebnisse Es konnten keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede der
theoretischen Energie- und Nährstoffaufnahme zwischen der Interventions-
und Kontrollgruppe festgestellt werden. Grund dafür war einerseits, dass
der Genussaspekt für die Einkaufsentscheide höchste
Priorität hatte. Andererseits war der Nutri-Score bei der Stichprobe
(noch) nicht bekannt und wurde deshalb für die Lebensmittelwahl nicht
berücksichtigt.

Schlussfolgerung Der Nutri-Score führte in vorliegender Arbeit mit
kleiner Stichprobe in einem Experiment mit fiktivem Einkaufsverhalten nicht zu
einem Einkaufsverhalten, aus dem eine verbesserte Energie- oder
Nährstoffaufnahme abgeleitet werden könnte. Dies suggeriert,
dass dieses Ampelsystem nicht intuitiv erkannt und verstanden wird.