bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of within 7 Day All-Cause Mortality among HDU Patients with Modified Early Warning Score of ≥5 with those with Score of <5
Authors: Sahikh Majid Ahmed , Punshi Avinash , Talreja Mohan Lal , Rasheed Tazeen , Bader Nimrah , Zuberi Bader Faiyaz
Published: January 2021

Objective: To compare 7-Day All-Cause Mortality among HDU Patients with Modified Early Warning Score of ≥5 with Those with Score of <5.

Methods: All patients of age more than 18 years, of either gender admitted in HDU of Medical Unit-II, CHK between September 2019 to February 2020 were included. MEWS was calculated for each patient at time of admission. Patients with MEWS score of ≥5 were allocated to Group-A and those with score of <5 were allocated to Group-B. Patients were followed for seven days and outcome status of alive, expired or discharged was noted.

Results: Total of 336 patients were selected out of which 168 patients was inducted in Group-A and 168 patients in Group-B. MEWS Score in patients who expired was significantly higher (Mdn=11) than in those who survived (Mdn=4), p <.001. 7-day mortality in Group-A was 62 (39.9%) while in Group-B was 40 (23.8%). ROC was plotted of MEWS Score for mortality, it showed significant area under curve of 68.4% (p <0.001, 95% CI = 0.62 to 0.75). MEWS Score of 3.5 showed sensitivity of 89.2% and specificity of 65%.

Conclusion: Our results show that MEWS has a positive trend to predict mortality. MEWS score of 3.5 is suggested cut off based on ROC in our study.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2832

How to cite this:Shaikh MA, Punshi A, Talreja ML, Rasheed T, Bader N, Zuberi BF. Comparison of within 7 Day All-Cause Mortality among HDU Patients with Modified Early Warning Score of ≥5 with those with Score of <5. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):515-519.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2832

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Nurturing Grit among Medical Students
Authors: Mirza Tayyeba Iftikhar , Yasmeen Rahila , Mahboob Usman
Published: January 2021

Objective: To identify the learning strategies used by the medical students with high Grit for design and implementation of a three months course, to assist the medical students having low Grit.

Methods: A mixed-method study with explanatory sequential design was followed by an intervention to improve Grit amongst first year students at Foundation University Medical College from March to August 2019. Non-probability convenience sampling was used in the Phase-I. In Phase-II, through purposive sampling, students with high score on GRIT were interviewed. The interview questions were validated and piloted for clarity. All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematic analysis was done. The themes generated were used to design an intervention, which was implemented as a part of the curriculum for less Gritty students to see whether it can enhance Grit in them.

Results: A total of 133 students participated out of which, 23(17%) had a high, whereas 10(7.5%) had a low level of Grit. Five themes generated from the transcripts, namely Planning, Metacognitive skills, Mastery learning, Cognitive strategies, and Self-regulation, that led the development of an intervention abbreviated as “RESET-P-GOALS”. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that the intervention did elicit a statistically significant change in the Grit score in students having low Grit (Z = -2.8, p= 0.005).

Conclusion: Good planning, Mastery learning and self-regulation are the reasons for success of Gritty students. The learning strategies with the name “RESET-P- GOALS” are effective in enhancing Grit in students with less score on Grit.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2999

How to cite this:Mirza TI, Yasmeen R, Mahboob U. Nurturing Grit among Medical Students. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):531-535. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2999

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Evaluation of risk factors for Suicide Attempts in Turkey’s East: A Five-Year Study
Authors: Börk Turgay , Türkoğlu Abdurrahim , Ateşçelik Metin , Tokgözlü Ömer
Published: January 2021

Objectives: Suicide attempt has different risk factors for each community. In the study we aimed to reveal the causes of suicide attempt in Turkey’s Eastern part and to make suggestions to prevent suicide.

Methods: For this study, 130 patients who were admitted to the Emergency Department of the University Hospital due to suicide attempt between January 2013 and December 2017 were included. Our University Hospital is the largest hospital in the East of Turkey. The data were obtained from hospital records and files of judicial investigations. Clinical progress records were obtained from the hospital archive. Investigation files were received from local judicial units.

Results: Fifty six percent of the patients (n = 73) were female. 48% of female cases (n = 35) were married. There was major depressive disorder in 34% (n = 44) of the cases. Medicine taking was the most frequent suicide method with 63% (n = 82). The main reason for suicide was parental conflicts for female cases; and psychiatric and financial problems for males.

Conclusion: Family therapy for married individuals would reduce suicide attempts in females. Psychiatric history is an important risk factor and it should be ensured that these patients are followed up regularly by the health institutions and their relatives. To prevent drug abuse, there should not be too much medicine in homes. If medicine is available at home, it should be kept in a safer environment.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3092

How to cite this:Bork T, Turkoglu A, Atescelik M, Tokgozlu O. Evaluation of risk factors for Suicide Attempts in Turkey’s East: A Five-Year Study. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):572-575. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3092

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Ingestion of Cylindrical Battery and Medical Treatment
Authors: KOŞAR Mehmet Nuri , GÖRGÜLÜ Özkan
Published: January 2021

Due to their chemical properties, accidental or suicidal ingestion of batteries into the digestive system can cause fatal complications; Treatment should not be delayed and close monitoring is required. A 26-year-old male patient is treated by the psychiatry department with diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder and depressive adjustment disorder. He consulted with the complaint of ingesting cylindrical AA battery for suicidal purpose. In our case, the cylindrical AA battery in the duodenum was removed from the rectum at the end of the third day without any complications. However, the continuous movement of the cylindrical AA battery with lactulose treatment in the gastrointestinal tract and the support of this movement with abdominal radiographs can reduce the risk of fatal complications. When planning the battery treatment in the gastrointestinal tract, the location of the battery and whether it is mobile should be determined. While obstruction of oesophagus by batteries requires emergency surgical treatment, batteries that remained fixed in the stomach for longer than 48 hours need to be treated with surgical or endoscopic methods.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3225

How to cite this:Kosar MN, Gorgulu O. Ingestion of Cylindrical Battery and Medical Treatment. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):595-597. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3225

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Predictive value of DWI-FLAIR Mismatch in patients with Ischemic Stroke and receiving Endovascular treatment beyond Time Window
Authors: Cao Shan , Dong Hui
Published: January 2021

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment in patients having acute ischemic stroke with over-time window under DWI-FLAIR mismatch.

Methods: From January 2018 to January 2020, 80 patients who met the research criteria in the First Central Hospital of Baoding, China were selected. According to the time of onset, they were divided into test group and control group, with 40 cases in each group. Forty patients in the test group were beyond time window (6~24h) and the MRI showed a DWI-FLAIR mismatch. Forty patients in the control group were within the time window (< 6h). All patients received endovascular treatment (EVT). The mRS, NIHSS and infarct volume of patients in the test group were compared and analyzed before and 30 and 90 days after treatment, as well as the indicators of both groups of patients before and after treatment, to determine therapeutic effect in patients receiving EVT beyond time window. Meanwhile, the recanalization of the blood vessel and the incidence of cerebral hemorrhage of patients in both groups were compared to determine the safety in patients receiving EVT beyond time window under DWI-FLAIR mismatch.

Results: The mRS, NIHSS and infarct size in the test group were significantly improved before and 30 and 90 days after treatment (p<0.05). The test group showed no significant difference in mRS, NIHSS and other indicators when compared with the control group (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in the rate of recanalization of the blood vessel and intracranial hemorrhage after treatment between both groups (p>0.05).

Conclusion: DWI-FLAIR mismatch can be used as an objective imaging basis for intravascular interventional therapy in patients with stroke with over-time window and large vessel occlusion. It has the advantages of short examination time, non-invasiveness, no need for contrast agents, simple implementation, clear guidance.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3293

How to cite this:Cao S, Dong H. Predictive value of DWI-FLAIR Mismatch in patients with Ischemic Stroke and receiving Endovascular treatment beyond Time Window. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):466-471. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3293

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Telemedicine: A New Frontier in Clinical Practice
Authors: Asad Munazza , . Nooresahar , Sabzwari Saniya R.
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the important role of telemedicine as a tool for safe healthcare delivery across the world. While its use was more common in the developed world, the developing world has also adopted this strategy. It is important to develop a clear process and contextual guidance for effective use of this strategy for better patient-doctor interaction and its role in teaching/learning of trainees.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3592

How to cite this:Asad M, Nooresahar, Sabzwari SR. Telemedicine: A New Frontier in Clinical Practice. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):588-590.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3592

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Association of serum chemerin with calcium, alkaline phosphatase and bone mineral density in postmenopausal females
Authors: Tariq Saba , Tariq Sundus , Shahzad Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Objectives: To investigate the association of serum chemerin with calcium, alkaline phosphatase and bone mineral density in postmenopausal non-osteoporotic and osteoporotic females.

Methods: This cross-section analysis was carried out at the orthopedic department of Madina Teaching Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan, in the year 2017-2019. Postmenopausal females were divided into two groups according to their bone mineral density (BMD). All osteoporotic females had a T-score of -2.5 or less. Data were analyzed on SPSS-24.

Results: A total of 140 women were included in our study (80 osteoporotic and 60 non-osteoporotic). Non significant difference in age and BMI was observed between osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic subjects (p=0.152) and (p=0.291) respectively. There was a significant difference found in total BMD, serum chemerin levels between osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic subjects p<0.001 in both parameters. No significant correlation of serum chemerin was found with serum calcium, serum alkaline phosphatase and BMD in postmenopausal osteoporotic females (p=0.907), (p=0.318) (p=0.664) respectively. A significant negative correlation was found between serum alkaline phosphatase levels and total BMD in postmenopausal osteoporotic females (p=- 0.039). Linear regression analysis of serum alkaline phosphatase levels with total BMD showed no association between BMD and serum alkaline phosphatase levels (p=0.869).

Conclusion: There is no association of serum chemerin with calcium, ALP and bone mineral density in non-osteoporotic and osteoporotic postmenopausal females.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3907

How to cite this:Tariq S, Tariq S, Shahzad M. Association of serum chemerin with calcium, alkaline phosphatase and bone mineral density in postmenopausal females. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):384-388. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3907

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Burning of Brides in South Asia
Authors: Sultan Tehreem
Published: January 2021

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.4053

How to cite this: Sultan T. Burning of Brides in South Asia. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):608. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.4053
The creative couple — the containing space in the family and couple therapy
Authors: Grządziel Beata
Published: January 2021

Artykuł jest drugą częścią publikacji poruszającej zagadnienie współpracy dwóch terapeutów w psychoterapii rodzin i par. Tytuł artykułu nawiązuje do takiego stanu umysłu, w którym idea związku zapewnia trzecią pozycję dwóm jednostkom tworzącym parę. W treści zawiera refleksje nad tym, kiedy koterapia może być użyteczna zarówno dla pracy terapeutów, jak i pacjentów. Poddaje namysłowi czy i w jaki sposób koterapia służy pacjentom w dokonywaniu zmiany. Porusza zagadnienie rozwoju relacji terapeutycznej i jej wpływu na proces terapeutyczny. Opisuje osiągnięcia rozwojowe umożliwiające przyjęcie odmiennej niż swoja perspektywy i przyjęcie metapozycji. W dalszej części przedstawia specyfikę superwizji, z jakiej może korzystać para koterapeutów. Konkluzja zawiera refleksje nad znaczeniem różnicy w uzyskaniu terapeutycznej zmiany. Akapit poświęcony znaczeniu różnicy płci w koterapii zwraca uwagę na potrzebę uzupełnienia dotychczasowych badań w tym zakresie o perspektywę nieheteronormatywną. Przedstawiony materiał jest wynikiem osobistych poszukiwań w trakcie wieloletniej praktyki psychoterapii opartej w głównej mierze na mediolańskim ujęciu terapii systemowej z uwzględnieniem nieświadomej dynamiki zachodzącej w relacjach rodziny i pary.
Prevalence of Occupational Skin Diseases and its Predisposing Factors in Leather Tanning Workers of Southern India
Authors: Karunamoorthy Panjakumar , Mani Rajesh Embiranahalli , Ravichandran Beerappa , Venugopal Dhananjayan , Ambikapathy Mala , Kondhalkar Shridhar Jagannath
Published: January 2021

Skin diseases are a major occupational health issue in tannery workers because of work related exposure to various toxic chemicals used in tanning process. In the present study, prevalence of various skin diseases and predisposing factors in tannery workers were investigated.A cross sectional study including 114 tannery workers (male-89; female-25) employed at different tanneries of Southern India was carried out. Face to face interview with pre-designed questionnaire and health examination was conducted. Skin samples obtained from the participants were subjected to microscopic examination and microbial culture for diagnosis of skin diseases. The prevalence of occupational skin disorders were 39% among the study participants. Contact dermatitis (16%), skin infections (16%), eczematous lesions (7%) and nail discoloration (1.75%) wereidentified. Skin infections of fungal origin were identified among 11.4% of subjects. The skin infections of fungi; tenia corporis, tenia cruris, tenia unguium, tenia versicolor, tenia pedis and Pityriosis versicolor were identified. Bacterial skin infections identified were associated with contact dermatitis. Lack of PPE usage was reported among 30% of workers. Hazardous working environment, chemical exposure, humidity and lack of PPEusage were significantly associated with increased skin disease incidence(p<0.05), indicating the major predisposing factorsfor Occupation skin diseases.The findings of the study emphasize that,workers in the pre-tanning section and tanning sections are more vulnerable to occupational skin diseases.Compliance to use of PPEs, engineering controls to reduce exposure, education, frequent health surveillance and early identification & treatment could mitigate the occupational skindiseasesamongtannery workers.
Future Challenges for Emerging Educational Environment Due to Covid 19 Lockdown
Authors: Singh Mani
Published: January 2021

The Covid-19 or Coronavirus pandemic has changed millions of lives globally. It has impacted educational environment unprecedentedly. The education is integral component to the personal and societal growth. Closures of educational institutions have several implications as the schools are not only places of learning but ensure nutrition, safety and hope for the future. India’s diverse and layered society has always required a strong public education system for universalization of education without any discrimination. Most of the institutions switched to the online mode of learning according to their resources and saved millions of learning days. However, faced with new realities it could be said that online educations has serious limitations as well. The pandemic has revealed the digital divide distinctly. It has also underlined the need of more public investment in education and better preparedness for uncertainties. The paper examines the unfolding educational environments based on the analysis of data retrieved from the global studies with a view to make the most of the situation and set new tone of development for the future.
Geospatial Groundwater Quality Assessment and Identification of Polluted Risky Regions in Jamui District of Bihar with Special Reference to Uranium and Fluoride Concentration
Authors: Singh Subhash Prasad , Dutta Palash Kumar
Published: January 2021

Groundwater is an important source for community water needs. Geographical Information System (GIS) mapping the spatial pollution characteristics helped identifying the potential polluted risky regions in Jamui district that is covering an area of 3098 km2. It is situated between 24023’15” and 25008’30” North Latitude and 85049’30” and 86038’00” East Longitude forming a part of Phalgu-Kiul sub-basin of Ganga Basin. Water quality parameters such as pH, TDS, conductance, DO, ORP, salinity, alkalinity, hardness, calcium, magnesium, iron, uranium, carbonate, bicarbonate, fluoride, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, etc of 91 samples were assessed as per standard protocol during pre- and post-monsoon. The results indicated that the water quality at several places in the study zone has been found contaminated with higher fluoride concentration that exceeded the permissible limit of BIS and WHO. Statistically16.48% water samples during pre-monsoon and 20.87% during post-monsoon were found seriously contaminated with fluoride concentration. However, the Uranium concentration during pre- and post-monsoon were found well within the prescribed national and international limits but at places it is in borderline and need constant monitoring. A positive correlation of fluoride with pH, total dissolved solid, electrical conductance, salinity, uranium and total alkalinity has been observed during pre-and post- monsoon. These results may provide useful information for control of groundwater pollution and its management in the area.
Highly Efficient Prodrugs: Design and Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Pal Ashutosh , Banik Bimal Krishna
Published: January 2021

Prodrug is a very powerful way for the improvement of biopharmaceutical, physicochemical, or pharmacokinetic possessions of pharmacologically dynamic mediators. Prodrug is a pharmacologically not an active compound, which can be converted into an active drug by biotransformation which is metabolic and such process the efficiency of drugs gets improved with specific target delivery. The conversion of a prodrug to drug may happen before concentration, after concentration, or at a precise part of the physique. This approach has many advantages over drug administration which is in our convention. In this review, different types of carriers, which can be used for prodrug synthesis are summarized. Examples of both marketed and investigational prodrugs from several promoieties are discussed not only for their advantages and uses but also their prospects. The purpose of this review is to introduce in detail the foundation behind the use of the prodrug methodology from past to present, and at the same time, to consider the possible consequences, which may evolve from insufficient initiation of prodrugs. Furthermore, the concept of prodrug and the classifications of prodrugs will be discussed in this article and it is expected that this review will be helpful for medicinal chemists for their research in the upcoming days.
Investigation of Anticancer Agents from the Bark of Gyrinops Versteegii (Gilg.) Domke from Lombok Island
Authors: HADI SURYA , LESTARI DIAN , DHARMAYANI NI KOMANG TRI , RATNASARI BAIQ DESY , ITO M , YAMADA I , MULYANINGSIH TRI
Published: January 2021

This study is part of a research collaboration between Kyoto University and The University of Mataram, aiming to identify and to utilize the agarwood plants, i.e., Gyrinops versteegii from Indonesia. The study, specifically, aims to discover anticancer agents from the bark of G. versteegii from Lombok Island of Indonesia. There were three provenances of G. versteegii observed, namely Soyun, Pantai, and Buaya. Based on the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), G. versteegii Buaya showed the highest cytotoxicity with LC50 45,94 µg/ml. Meanwhile, G. versteegii Soyun and Pantai have LC50 75.86 µg/mL and 56.36 µg/mL respectively. A phytochemical study showed that the methanol extract of G. versteegii Buaya containing compounds from the group of alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, triterpenoid, and saponin. The methanol extracts fractionated using Vacuum Liquid Chromatography into 10 fractions (F1-F10) and then retested BSLT. Among the fractions, F2 showed the best potency as an anticancer with LC50 64,12 µg/mL. Based on the GC-MS analysis, the cytotoxicity from both methanol extract and F2 is predicted to be influenced by the same compounds, namely, 1,4-Benzenediol,2-methyl, Pyridoxylamine, 2,3-Dimethylhydroquionone, Tetramethyl-p-benzoquinone, and Benzofuran. Overall, the bark of G. versteegii from Lombok Island has great potency as an anticancer.
Synthesis, Biological Valuation and Molecular Docking Analysis of New 5-Benzylidene Bis-Rhodanine Derivatives
Authors: KUMAR RAJENDRAN , Ravi Subban
Published: January 2021

The synthesis of 5-benzylidene bis-rhodanine derivatives are reported from bis-rhodanine (III) and different aromatic aldehydes (IV) via Knoevenagel condensation reactions. All the Derivatives (V) and (Va-m) were deep-rooted by NMR spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. The antiproliferative study of the compounds on HeLa human cervical cancer cell line, K562 leukemic cell line and MDAMB231 breast cancer cell line were performed by MTT assay. Docking studies were carried out against the protein HPV 16E2 present in the HeLa cell line. It show good docking scores. The results indicate that the bis-rhodanine derivatives could serve as potential molecules for the development of new anticancer agents.
A Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Heterometallic Metal Sulphur Assembly Mimicking the Model of Cu-Mo Antagonism
Authors: KUMAR JAY , Sah Ramjee , Yadav Ashok Kumar
Published: January 2021

Heterometallic metal sulphur assemblies containing coinage metals and molybdenum as well as tungsten have already been studied in prebiotic condition of H2S and carcinogenic solvent like DMSO and DMF. Recently an attempt has been made to study the similar system under eco-friendly system using green–chemistry technique. The products were characterized on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic studies under a mimicking approach to a synthetic model system relevant to copper-molybdenum antagonism.
Spectrophotometric Studies of Ternary Complexes of Erbium to Explore the Hyperchromic Effect with Various Ligands and their use in Microdetermination
Authors: Khan Shamim Shaukat
Published: January 2021

A comprehensive spectrophotometric study is undertaken for ternary complexes of higher rare earth element Erbium with ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid ( EDTA), hydroxyl ethylene diamine triacetic acid (HEDTA), trans 1, 2, cyclohexane diamine tetra acetic acid (CYDTA) and ethylene glycol bis (2-amino ethylene) N,N1,N11,N1 1 1 tetra acetic acid (EGTA) as primary ligand and the binary ligands used are Maltol, Tiron, Kojic acid and α-Picolinic acid. The ternary complexes shows hyperchromic effect as compare to primary complexes which is exploited to determine the stoichiometry of ternary complexes and it is found to be 1:1:1. The conditional stability constants (Ks1) are corrected using k H values of ligands. The order of stability with the series of ligands in different systems is deduced as EDTA and HEDTA: α Picolinic acid >Tiron> Kojic acid > Maltol and CYDTA and EGTA: α Picolinic acid > Kojic acid > Tiron > Maltol. The % increase in molar coefficients of mixed ligand complexes of Erbium is significant which can facilitates the analytical measurements for its micro determination.
Co-ordination ability of Vinyl Imidazole(VIm), Imidazole(Im), Indazole(In), Ammonia(NH3) and Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) Ligands in Ruthenium Complexes
Authors: Baruah Rahul Sarma , Kalita Rinki Moni , Medhi Chitrani
Published: January 2021

Few essential electronic properties of potential anti-cancer complexes are examined using quantum mechanical calculations. The co-ordination ability of these ligands with the central Ru metal has been assessed. The ionization energies and HOMO-LUMO gaps are used to explain the coordinate bond formation between ligand and Ru. The variation of charges from natural population analysis(NPA) of the donor sites of ligands is fairly similar to the trends in the coordinate bond distances despite the presence of other ligands in these Ru complexes. Slight variation of coordinate bonds (Ru-donor site) has been found. In addition, Cl dissociation energies from these complexes do not vary much and the trend of the energy values are similar to oxidation energies of these complexes. The NPA charges and HOMO-LUMO electron density mapping indicate that the electron density around Ru metal is increasing, which suggests that the migration of electron density is towards Ru.
Removal of Heavy Metals from Chithrapuzha River Water by Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared Via Green Synthesis Methods
Authors: DEEPA G. , JEYARAJ M. , Magudeswaran P. N.
Published: January 2021

On account of industrialization and increasing population, the water bodies get polluted by means of degradable and non-degradable substances. In 21st century, it is necessary to maintain a healthy environment especially water bodies for the survival of not the aquatic animals but also for healthy human life. Recent advances suggest that the issues related to water quality could be resolved by using nanoparticles and nano-filtration membrane methods from the development of nanotechnology. In this research, attempt to remove heavy metals from Chithrapuzha River water at Cochin bar mouth (S1) and Fact barge jetty (S2) using Fe2O3 prepared via green synthesis using Egg albumin and Aloe vera. Our results provoke that, the synthesis of Fe2O3 nanoparticle is cost-effective and eco-friendly and also good in nano-regime. Results of filtration studies showed that Fe2O3 nanoparticles remove heavy metals from Chithrapuzha River water and also increases the DO content which helps the survival of aquatic life.
Simultaneous Determination of Iron and Cobalt using Spectrophotometry after Catanionic Mixed Micellar Cloud Point Extraction Procedure
Authors: Kakitha Ravi Kumar , Pulipaka Shyamala , Puranam Deva Hari
Published: January 2021

A new preconcentration method which utilises a mixture of cationic and anionic surfactants for separation and spectrophotometric determination of iron and cobalt simultaneously has been developed. The metal ions, iron and cobalt were complexed with thiocyante. The hydrophobic complexes of iron and cobalt were then extracted into catanionic mixed micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Different parameters like concentration of HCl, concentration of thiocyanate, concentrations of the surfactants (CTAB and SDS), equilibration temperature and time were studied to get maximum efficiency. The linear ranges of Fe3+ and Co2+ were found to be 0.139 – 0.838 μg mL–1 and 5.89 – 35.4 μg mL–1, respectively the detection limits obtained were 1.54 ng mL–1 and 6.18 ng mL–1. The developed procedure has been employed for the retrieval of Fe3+ and Co2+ in water samples successfully (tap water and sea water). 98 – 107% recoveries were obtained.
Synthesis, Spectral Analysis and Biological Potency of Hydrazoneoxime Ligands Incorporating Pyrazolone Moiety and Their Metal Complexes
Authors: Sarıkavaklı Nursabah , Koç Emrah , Aljohani Meshari M.H. , Mustafa Syed Khalid
Published: January 2021

A modest attempt has been made for the synthesis of hydrazoneoxime ligands bearing pyrazolone group (1-4) and their successive metal complexes such as: 1(a-c), 2(a-c), 3(a-c) and 4(a-c). The precursor (1Z,2E)-2-(hydroxyimino) ethanehydroximohydrazide (GH2) was obtained through coupling of (1Z,2E)-N-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyimino) ethanimidoyl chloride and hydrazinium hydroxideto generate hydrazonoxime compounds bearing the pyrazolone group. The ligands (1-4) were reacted with MX2.nH2O, where M = Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) to obtain the successive metal coordinated compounds into good yields. The ligands and their metal complexes were investigated by using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, elemental analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurements.Tautomerism in the ligands is investigated spectroscopically and biological activities are evaluated as well. Finally, the findings of present study were found within good egreement with other workers.
Determination of the Order of Kinetics of a DTA Curve by Using the Concept of Skewness
Authors: SARKAR BIKASH KUMAR , BHATTACHARYYA INDRANIL , SARKAR ANANDA , MAJUMDAR PARTHA SARATHI
Published: January 2021

In the present paper, a novel way of finding out the order of kinetics of differential thermal analysis (DTA) curves by using the concept of skewness (Sk) has been investigated. It is found that for a particular DTA peak, skewness is a function of both the order of kinetics and the quantity, First order DTA peaks are characterized by negative skewness whereas those for the second order are characterized by positive skewness. Therefore, skewness can be used as an indicator of the order of kinetics of a DTA peak. We have evaluated and compared the orders of kinetics of some reported DTA peaks using the concept of skewness and found that the resulting values of the orders of kinetics are in fair agreement with those reported in literature.
Novel Integrated Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis System in High Quality Drinking water Production
Authors: S Vinod Kumar , Baskaran R
Published: January 2021

Modernization in water technology plays a major role in ensuring a clean, safe, and feasible supply of drinking water. Enhancing performance in terms of price and quality, flow ability of the plant, sustainable development; integrated membrane processes have been developed. The most crucial issues found in RO applications such as concentration polarization and membranes fouling are reduced by using this integration of membranes. Conventional reverse osmosis filtration has sand and coke filters as pre filters. In this work these pre filters have been replaced by ultra-filtration which ensures undoubtedly the best quality of water despite the quality of feed with low power consumption and chemicals. These integrated systems are the better thing for complete elimination of microorganism and water contaminants in their category of selection. The present work also contributes on water quality analysis for brackish water using both the above desalination membrane technology. This integrated system can be remotely monitored and self-adapted model-based control.
Virtual orthopaedic teaching during COVID-19: Zooming around Scotland
Authors: MacDonald DRW , Neilly DW , McMillan TE , Stevenson IM ,   SCORE Collaborators,   On behalf of the SCottish Orthopaedic Research collaborativE (SCORE) @SCOREortho
Published: January 2021

Introduction

The restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown have resulted in a switch from face-to-face formal teaching for Scottish orthopaedic trainees to virtual teaching. The aim of this study was to determine the availability and acceptability of this online teaching as reported by trainees themselves.

Methods

A 20-question web-based survey was distributed to orthopaedic trainees in all four training regions in Scotland. A total of 71 respondents completed the survey.

Results

The average amount of formal teaching available to trainees increased during the COVID-19 lockdown, with significantly more respondents stating that they received ≥4 hours of teaching per week ( p=0.012). The average amount of consultant-led teaching also increased since lockdown, with significantly more trainees saying they received 2–3 hours ( p=0.017) or ≥4 hours ( p<0.0001) of teaching per week. There was no significant difference in the proportion of teaching opportunities that respondents were able to attend before and during lockdown but the barriers to attending teaching changed. Online teaching was highly acceptable to trainees, with 94% of those surveyed rating teaching quality and relevance as 8, 9 or 10 out of 10. The vast majority (96%) of respondents felt that virtual teaching should continue to be a part of formal trainee teaching in their region.

Conclusions

The switch from face-to-face to online formal teaching since the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in increased availability of formal teaching to Scottish orthopaedic trainees. The virtual teaching received has been highly acceptable to trainees.
Self-reported confidence and experience of dentists entering oral and maxillofacial dental core training
Authors: Ali Awais
Published: January 2021

Introduction

The aim of this study was to explore the experience and self-reported confidence of UK dentists before starting dental core training (DCT) roles in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS).

Methods

An anonymous electronic voluntary questionnaire was distributed to all foundation dentists in the North West region. The survey was open to participants for two months, from August to September 2019. The data were analysed using Google Forms and Microsoft Excel®.

Results

A total of 20 respondents completed the survey. Participants reported some experience and exposure in OMFS in 85% of responses. Three-quarters (75%) of those surveyed were either ‘not very confident’ or ‘not confident at all’ about the upcoming role. All participants stated they would benefit from attending specific continuing professional development events or study days focusing on transitioning to an OMFS job in a hospital.

Conclusions

The self-reported confidence levels of North West dentists in performing general duties and practical elements of OMFS are low. Further targetted training is advised for DCTs who are transitioning from a dental to an OMFS role.
Burden of metabolic diseases in Indonesia: an even more critical issue during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Tahapary Dicky Levenus , Soewondo Pradana
Published: January 2021

[No abstract available]
Factors related to pain management adequacy in patients receiving palliative care: data from a tertiary hospital in Indonesia
Authors: Shatri Hamzah , Agung Ratih Arianita , Abdullah Vera , Elita Dina , Putranto Rudi , Adli Mizanul , Irawan Cosphiadi
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND Adequate pain management must be applied to improve the quality of life, particularly in patients receiving palliative care. Thus, this study aimed to determine the factors related to pain management adequacy in patients receiving palliative care.

METHODS This cross-sectional study included all patients sent for consultation to the palliative care team complaining of pain in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia from 2016 to 2018. All data such as gender, age, employment status, disease type, primary cancer location, pain intensity, analgesic drug treatment duration, and the presence of anxiety and depression were retrieved from medical records. Pain management adequacy was evaluated using the pain management index. Logistic regression included all variables with p<0.25 related to pain management adequacyin bivariate analysis.

RESULTS Out of 175 patients with pain, 85.7% reported having adequate pain management. Pain was more adequately treated in patients with employment (p = 0.001), milder pain intensity (p<0.001), those using opioids (p<0.001), and those who did not experience anxiety (p = 0.05). Factors related to pain management adequacy were opioid use (OR = 3.23, 95% CI = 1.71–6.13) and milder pain (OR = 11.15, 95% CI = 3.89–31.99).

CONCLUSIONS Most of the patients received adequate pain management which related to opioid use and milder pain.
Acute pediatric peritoneal dialysis: impact of an opt-out model and adaptable methods in a hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Alao Michael Abel , Ibrahim Olayinka Rasheed , Abiola Olajide Olusegun , Gbadero Daniel Adedosu , Asinobi Adanze Onyenonachi
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND Despite efforts to scale peritoneal dialysis (PD) uptake, access is still limited in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria. Thus, this study evaluated access to PD, cost-effectiveness, complications, and in-hospital mortality rate following the adoption of a local opt-out model approach for all children with acute kidney injury (AKI) that required PD.  METHODS This work was a retrospective review of 33 children with AKI that required dialysis between December 2014 and November 2016. PD was carried out using locally adaptable consumables in place of commercially produced consumables. All patients that required renal replacement therapy (RRT) were offered an option to opt-out irrespective of their financial status. Patients’ relevant data were retrieved from the case notes and analyzed.  RESULTS The median age was 7 years (range 3–12). 23 patients (70%) were males. Of the 33 patients that required RRT, 29 had PD. The children had an access rate of 88% (95% CI = 76.77–99.03). The access rate was not related to gender (p = 1.000), age group (p = 0.240), or socioeconomic status (p = 0.755). Complications were pericatheter leakage of fluid (n = 7, 24%), catheter malfunction (n = 5, 17%), abdominal wall edema (n = 3, 10%), scrotal edema (n = 2, 7%), and peritonitis (n = 1, 3%). In-hospital mortality was 3/29 (10%; 95% CI = 2.2–27.3). Cost analysis revealed that the cost of consumables was reduced by 88.5%.  CONCLUSIONS An opt-out model with the use of locally adaptable consumables improved PD access (88%) with a low in-hospital mortality rate.
Photonic probing of structural alterations in DNA specific mass density fluctuations in nuclei due to total body irradiation (TBI) via confocal imaging
Authors: Hasan Mehedi , Shukla Pradeep K. , Nanda Shirsendu , Adhikari Prakash , Rao Radhakrishna , Pradhan Prabhakar
Published: January 2021

Abnormalities within cells result in intracellular structural alterations ranging from nano to submicron scales. Accidental or deliberate exposure to total body irradiation has adverse effects on the nuclear DNAs of cells. Here, we study the molecular specific DNA spatial mass density fluctuations of chromatin of mice gut cell nuclei caused by the exposure to standard doses of 4-Gy total body irradiation, using the light localization technique called inverse participation ratio via confocal imaging. Results show radiation suppresses DNA spatial mass density fluctuations. And hence, the reduction and saturation in DNA mass density fluctuations are observed on different durations of post-irradiation.
BLDC Motor Control Optimization Using Optimal Adaptive PI Algorithm
Authors: Praptodiyono Supriyanto , Maghfiroh Hari , Hermanu Chico
Published: January 2021

The main problem of using a Proportional Integral (PI) Controller in Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor speed control is tuning the PI’s parameter and its performance cannot adapt to the system behavior changes. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been chosen to optimize the tuning. Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) is used to online tuning PI’s parameters to adapt to system conditions. Optimal adaptive PI, which combines the PSO method and FLC method to tune PI, is proposed. It was successfully implemented in the simulation environment. The test was carried out in three conditions: step responses, set-point changes, and disturbance rejection. The proposed algorithm is superior with no overshoot/undershoot. Whereas in terms of settling time is in between PI and PI-PSO. PI controller has the smallest control effort. However, the other parameter is the worst. PI-PSO is superior in terms of settling time and Integral of Absolute Error (IAE) except for the step response test. The proposed method has lower IAE and higher control effort by 78.73 % and 60 % compared to PI control. On the other hand, it has a higher IAE dan lower control effort by 11.82 % and 33.88 % compared to PI-PSO. Therefore, the optimal adaptive PI control can reduce energy consumption compared to optimal PI with better performance than PI control.
Parameter Estimation and Target Detection of Phased-MIMO Radar Using Capon Estimator
Authors: Tahcfulloh Syahfrizal , Hardiwansyah Muttaqin
Published: January 2021

Phased-Multiple Input Multiple Output (PMIMO) radar is multi-antenna radar that combines the main advantages of the phased array (PA) and the MIMO radars. The advantage of the PA radar is that it has a high directional coherent gain making it suitable for detecting distant and small radar cross-section (RCS) targets. Meanwhile, the main advantage of the MIMO radar is its high waveform diversity gain which makes it suitable for detecting multiple targets. The combination of these advantages is manifested by the use of overlapping subarrays in the transmit (Tx) array to improve the performance of parameters such as angle resolution and detection accuracy at amplitude and phase proportional to the maximum number of detectable targets. This paper derives a parameter estimation formula with Capon's adaptive estimator and evaluates it for the performance of these parameters. Likewise, derivation for expressions of detection performance such as the probability of false alarm and the probability of detection is also given. The effectiveness and validation of its performance are compared to conventional estimator for other types of radars in terms of the effect of the number of target angles, the RCS of targets, and variations in the number of subarrays at Tx of this radar. Meanwhile, the detection performance is evaluated based on the effect of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and the number of subarrays at Tx. The evaluation results of the estimator show that it is superior to the conventional estimator for estimating the parameters of this radar as well as the detection performance. Having no sidelobe makes this estimator strong against the influence of interference and jamming so that it is suitable and attractive for the design of radar systems. Root mean square error (RMSE) on magnitude detection from LS and Capon estimators were 0.033 and 0.062, respectively. Meanwhile, the detection performance for this radar has the probability of false alarm above 10-4 and the probability of detection of more than 99%.
Impact of The Number of Light Emitting Diode Towards The Accuracy in Indoor Positioning System Based on Visible Light Communication
Authors: Pamukti Brian , Rahmawati Miftakhul Meiliana , Adriansyah Nachwan Mufti
Published: January 2021

This research detects the random position with received signal strength (RSS) method based on the received power in the room with a size of 5×5×3 cubic meter and several numbers of light emitting diode (LEDs). The first scenario uses 4 LEDs, the second scenario uses 6 LEDs and the third scenario uses 8 LEDs. Random points as the detector are placed spread at the room as many as 25 points. The simulation result shows that the use of more LEDs reduces the positioning error and increases the accuracy. If the accuracy reduces, the positioning error increase and affect the detection results. Using 8 LEDs, the number of the detected random point increases 30%, the positioning error is 47%, and the accuracy increase from 33%.  In addition, our research is useful for finding the locations of small items such as sensors that are scattered in a closed room.
Cooperative Game Theory Approach for Energy-Efficient Node Clustering in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Wael Chaeriah Bin Ali , Armi Nasrullah , Mitayani Arumjeni , Suyoto Suyoto , Prini Salita Ulitia , Desvasari Winy , Dahlan Rico , Sariningrum Ros
Published: January 2021

Energy consumption is one of the critical challenges in designing wireless sensor network (WSN) since it is typically composed of resource-constrained devices. Many studies have been proposed clustering to deal with energy conservation in WSN. Due to its predominance in coordinating the behaviors of many players, game theory has been considered for improving energy efficiency in WSN. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of cooperative game theoretic clustering (CGC) algorithm which employs cooperative game theory in a form of 3-agent cost sharing game for energy-efficient clustering in WSN. Furthermore, we compared its performance to a well-known traditional clustering method, low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), in terms of network lifetime and stability, and total residual energy. The simulation results show that CGC has better performance compared to LEACH due to the cooperation among cluster heads in coalition. CGC has higher alive nodes with stability improvement of first node dies (FND) by 65%, and the improvement by 52.4% for half node dies (HND). However, with the increasing of the number of nodes, the performance of LEACH is getting better compared to CGC.