CAMBIOS MAMOGRAFICOS EN PACIENTES DIABETICAS TIPO II.
Authors: Zurita Alvarado Fabián , Suaste Herrera David , Salazar Buenaño Julio 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder, specified by resistance and insufficient production of insulin, the result of which is hyperglycemia, which is the cause of complications that can be classified into microvascular and macrovascular, in addition to changes of mixed etiology, such as changes inflammatory tissues of the breast, which increases the risk of breast cancer. Specifically, these factors are linked to changes in breast density due to proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of breast tissue, the latter associated with parity, menopause, body mass index, and hypoglycemic agents. At the moment, few studies have evaluated the association of the development of breast cancer in diabetic patients, a world level Danish studies stand out, which has found an association between diabetes with changes in breast density, unfortunately in Latin America, no similar studies have been found and it is here that the present study becomes important, since its long-term impact will help us to better understand this relationship with cancer development, in order to seek preventive measures. Methodology: An observational study was carried out, which included 115 patients diagnosed with type II diabetes, who attended the general outpatient consultation. The data collection was carried out by means of collection cards, whose sources of information were the medical records, an Excel database was designed, which is imported into SPSS and Epi7, the qualitative variables are presented in tables of Frequency and quantitative variables are analyzed with measures of central tendency and dispersion. For multivariate analysis, 2x2 tables are used in the case of qualitative variables and tabulated averages in the case of quantitative variables. Results: A qualitative analysis was carried out, observing that the average value is higher in the BIRADS IV-V group, despite the fact that the quantitative analysis reveals a weak but significant direct proportional relationship, it was also possible to appreciate when performing the qualitative analysis, that the probability to present more severe BIRADS is 4.6 times greater in patients with poor controls OR 4.6 (1.2-16.8); p0.009. It could be seen in the stratified analysis that the use of combined therapy is a protective factor for patients with poor control of diabetes to develop BIRADS IV / V (OR 0.3846 / 0.0778-1.9005 / p 0.38 ); on the contrary, in the group of patients with adequate control this relationship is reversed (OR 3,857 / 0.3211-46.3260 / p0.6). The other associations did not present statistical relevance. Conclusion: No relationship was established between microvascular alterations, the use of one or another therapeutic scheme with mammographic changes, however, the value of glycated hemoglobin was outside the appropriate range if it was associated with mammographic changes, especially with BIRADS III and IV. The correlation found between poor glycemic control with more suggestive breast findings (BIRADS IV-V) of cancer becomes important, suggesting that inadequate glycemic control is still a frequent problem in this population despite the wide possibilities of therapeutic management.