bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Living with singleness: needs and concerns of never-married women over 35
Authors: Shahrak Shakiba Pourasad , Brand Serge , Taghizadeh Ziba
Published: February 2021

Background: Cultural and religious norms and expectations may influence the needs and behavior of single women. This is particularly true in those countries where religion and cultural expectations are salient in everyday life. In this context, the present study investigated the needs and concerns of Iranian never-married women aged 35 and older.Methods: This qualitative study involved a conventional content analysis. Interviews were done with 23 never-married women aged 36-64 years in Iran.Results: A total of 773 codes, 22 subcategories, 8 categories, and 3 themes were extracted from the interviews. The 3 themes were: 1. mental-spiritual lack; categories were lack of emotional support, uncertain future, mental rumination, and sexual worries; 2. reform of culture and society; categories were adverse effect of culture and being overlooked in society; 3. loneliness arising from disability; categories were aging and loneliness and sickness and loneliness.Conclusions: The results of the analysis indicate that the needs and concerns of never-married women over the age of 35 years in Iran remain unmet. This suggests that policymakers and health planner should take into consideration the growing number of never-married women as a societal reality deserving of attention.
Cardiac energetics alteration in chronic hypoxia rat model: a non invasive in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy experimental study
Authors: Yuan Xiaohan , Zhu Xiaomei , Chen Yang , Liu Wangyan , Qian Wen , Xu Yi , Zhu Yinsu
Published: February 2021

Background: Energetics alteration plays a key role in the process of myocardial injury in chronic hypoxic diseases (CHD). 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can investigate alterations in cardiac energetics in vivo. This study was aimed to characterize the potential value of 31P MRS in evaluating cardiac energetics alteration of chronic hypoxia rats (CHR).Methods: Twenty-four CHRs were induced by SU5416 combined with hypoxia, and six rats were raised as control group. 31P MRS was performed weekly and the ratio of concentrations of phosphocreatine (PCr) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (PCr/ATP) was obtained. The index of cardiac structure and systolic function parameters, including the right ventricular function (RVEF), right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (RVEDVi), right ventricular end-systolic volume index (RVESVi), the left ventricular function parameters were also measured.Results: The declension of resting cardiac PCr/ATP ratio in CHR was observed at the 1st week, compared to control group (2.90±0.35 vs. 3.31±0.45, p =0.045), while the RVEF，RVEDVi and RVESVi decreased at the 2nd week (p＜0.05). The PCr/ATP ratio displayed a significant correlation with RVEF(r = 0.605, p = 0.001)，RVEDVi and RVESVi (r = -0.661, r = -0.703; p＜0.001).Conclusions: 31P MRS can early detect the cardiac energetics alteration in CHR model before the onset of ventricular dysfunction. The decrease of PCr/ATP ratio likely revealed myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction.
Reconstruction of Coracoclavicular Ligament with Endobutton and Sutures to Stabilize Acromioclavicular Joint: A Retrospective Clinical Study and Finite Element Analysis
Authors: ding kai , zhang wen , chen xi , zhang yi-ge , ding wen ge
Published: February 2021

Acromioclavicular joint dislocation is a common sports injury disease, surgical treatment to restore the acromioclavicular joint stability, including stability and vertical stability level. However, vertical stability is often neglected. So we did a retrospective study enrolled 38 patients using Endobutton reconstruction and suture repair (Group A) with those using single Endobutton (Group B). The perioperative assessments contained coracoclavicular distance (CCD), Constant-Murley shoulder joint score, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder joint score and the difference between bilateral CCD 12 months postoperatively. The evaluation of group A was significantly better than group B. Constant-Murley scores and UCLA shoulder scores preoperatively were significantly higher than those after operation. The postoperative CCD of the two groups was lower than that before surgery. CCD between the affected shoulder and another postoperatively was no difference in group A, but was different in group B. The difference of postoperative CCD of the two groups was different. Afterward, we evaluated the stress and deformation around the acromioclavicular joint by finite element analysis and found that the stress dispersion and displacement reduction enhanced the stability of acromioclavicular joint. Thus, reconstruction of coracoclavicular ligament with Endobutton and sutures repair can increase the stability of acromioclavicular joint.
Postoperative Outcomes of Single-Stage Versus Staged Bilateral Rotator Cuff Repair in Patients with Bilateral Rotator Cuff Tear: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Chen , Yang Pu , Zhang Dongfang , Jeon In-Ho , Yu Tengbo , Zhang Yingze , Qi Chao
Published: February 2021

Background: In the present study, we aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent single-stage or staged bilateral arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.Methods: From March 2013 to May 2018, a retrospective review on all patients who underwent bilateral arthroscopic rotator cuff repair at our department was performed. There were 24 patients in the single-stage group and 27 patients in the staged group. The minimum follow-up period was 2 years. The visual analog scale (VAS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) score, Constant-Murley (Constant) score, and the range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder were evaluated for comparison between the two groups before and after the operation. Moreover, the hospitalization costs in the two groups were also recorded.Results: All 51 patients were available throughout follow-up. There was no significant difference in the VAS score (P=0.424), ASES score (P=0.325), UCLA score (P=0.170), and Constant score (P=0.275) between the single-stage group and the staged group before the operation. Postoperative clinical scores were significantly improved in both groups. The VAS score, ASES score, UCLA score, and Constant score were significantly different between the two groups at 6 months postoperatively (P<0.05). At 12, 18, and 24 months after the operation, the VAS score, UCLA score, Constant score, and ASES score were not significantly different between the two groups. At follow-up, the ROM of the shoulder was not significantly different between the two groups. Besides, there was a significant difference in hospitalization costs between the two groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the VAS score, UCLA score, Constant score, ASES score, and ROM between the first surgery and second surgery in the single-stage group postoperatively.Conclusion: Patients receiving single-stage or staged bilateral arthroscopic rotator cuff repair showed similarly good clinical outcomes at follow-up. Moreover, good outcomes were observed on both sides of the single-stage group.
A Comparative Study of Anxiety in Indonesia and Nepal During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jung Yeseul , Palutturii Sukri , Shin Dong Eun , Nam Eun Woo
Published: February 2021

Background: Indonesia and Nepal, which are in the World Health Organization South-East Asia Region, are the countries with the highest numbers of confirmed cases and deaths since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic outside of the Region of the Americas and the European Region. Since its first confirmed case on March 2nd, Indonesia has reported 100,303 cases and 4,838 deaths as of July 28, which is the highest number of cases in Southeast Asia. As restrictions in response to the pandemic continue, the public’s psychological anxiety is gradually increasing. Methods: There were 889 participants (university students and graduate students) living in Indonesia or Nepal (Indonesia: 551 persons; Nepal: 338 persons). An English questionnaire was administered to participants through an online survey using Google. T-test, Chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis were conducted.Results: Regarding the factors affecting anxiety, they were “trust in hospitals for COVID-19 diagnosis,” “risk of getting infected by COVID-19,” “risk of family getting infected by COVID-19,” “national discrimination due to COVID-19,” “chronic disease status,” “experience of purchasing masks,” and “health behaviors” in Indonesia, and “trust in hospitals for COVID-19 diagnosis,” “risk of family getting infected by COVID-19,” and “depression score” in Nepal. In both countries, significant effects of “trust in hospitals for COVID-19 diagnosis” and “risk of family getting infected by COVID-19” were observed.Conclusions: Therefore, Indonesia and Nepal should implement policies and guidelines to prevent psychological and psychiatric issues in the population due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Such measures will help to prevent and control the secondary damage caused by the disease.
Use of AXL-specific CAR T cells to treat non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Zhenfeng , Cao Bihui , Liu Manting , Zhou Yubo , Zhao Qi , Wang Lu , Liang Baoxia , Zhang Jinling , Li Junping , Chen Xiaopei , Feng Yunfei , Zhi Cheng , Yang Xin , Tian Yu , Hu Yuling , He Jinping , Hu Hong , Ye Xiaodie , Zhou Guo , Chen Aiming , Wu Qingde , Xu Linfeng , Zhao Ming , Lian Hui , Chen Deji , Yang Lili
Published: February 2021

The application of Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in solid tumors is hindered by lack of tumor specific targets and inefficient T cell infiltration in tumor. It has been postulated that AXL may be an ideal immunotherapy target for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we screened 208 non-tumor samples from 22 types of human organs or tissues and 90 tumor samples from NSCLC patients by immunohistochemistry or Western Blotting and identified that AXL was rarely expressed in normal tissues but highly expressed in 69% NSCLC samples, suggesting AXL is an ideal target for CAR T cell therapy for lung cancer. We generated low-, mediate-, high-affinity AXL-CARs and evaluated their killing effect on NSCLC. Our data demonstrated antitumor effects of AXL-CAR T cell therapy for various NSCLC models both in vitro and in vivo. AXL-CAR T cells alone exerted strong antitumor effect in subcutaneous lung cancer cell derived xenograft (CDX), pulmonary metastases CDX, and intraperitoneal CDX models. Intraperitoneal delivery of CAR T cells resulted in superior tumor killing effects compared with systemic infusions for the intraperitoneal CDX tumor models. AXL-CAR T combined with microwave ablation (MWA) or EGFR-TKI resulted in enhanced killing effect and CAR-T cell infiltration in vivo. Together, our current study suggests that systemic or regional infusion of AXL-CAR T cell alone or combination with other therapies might have potential translatable value for the treatment of NSCLC in clinical situation.
Primary pelvic exenteration for locally advanced pelvic malignancies
Authors: GHEORGHE MIHAI , KISS SZILARD LEO , STANCA MIHAI , BOBES RADU FLORIAN , COZLEA ALEXANDRA LAVINIA , CAPÎLNA MIHAI EMIL , MOLDOVAN ANDREEA ANAMARIA
Published: February 2021

Background: Pelvic exenteration can be performed in selected patients with large pelvic malignancies as a primary treatment with curative intention. This study aimed to share our experience of primary pelvic exenterations, which were performed in a single institution between November 2011 and July 2020, enroling 23 patients with different types of pelvic cancers.Results: The patients mean age was 55 years (range: 43-72 years) and the oncological indications were: stage IVa cervical cancer (11 cases, 48.9%), stage IVa endometrial cancer (1 case, 4.3 %), stage IVa vaginal cancer (6 cases, 26%), stage IIIb bladder cancer (3 cases, 13%), stage IIIc rectal cancer (1 case, 4.3%) and undifferentiated pelvic sarcoma (1 case, 4.3%). Total, anterior, and posterior pelvic exenterations have consisted of 34.4%, 56.5% and 13% of cases, respectively. Related to levator ani muscle, 13 (56.5%) pelvic exenterations were supralevatorian, 10(43.5%) infralevatorian, and 5 (21.7%) were infralevatorian with vulvectomy. No major intraoperative complications have occured. Seven patients (30.5%) have developed early complications, and 4 of them (17.4%) have required reoperation. One (4.3 %) perioperative death caused by a pulmonary embolism was recorded and one patient had a late complication represented by a urostomy stenosis. Over a median follow-up period of 35 months, 8 (34.8%) patients have died. The median overall survival (OS) was 33 months (range 1-96 months). The 2-year and 5-year survival rates were 72% and 66% respectively. Univariate analysis showed that margin status was the only factor significantly associated with disease-free survival (DFS) (p=0.016). Conclusion: Primary pelvic exenteration can be related with various postoperative complications, without high perioperative morality and with long-term survival.
Microclimate effect on floating solar power plant production
Authors: Karatas Yalcin , Yilmaz Deniz
Published: February 2021

Solar power plants established are mainly built on uncultivated lands. However, the increase in land values due to the increasing population of the countries, the lack of necessary areas for these power plants in countries with small areas and the increasing need for energy have led to different pursuits. Installing photovoltaic systems on water resources appears as a good alternative solution in this regard. In this study, by using photovoltaic panels with an output power of 260 Wp and having a polycrystalline cell structure, a floating solar power plant with an output power of 120 kWp was installed on Buyukcekmece Lake, and the effect of the region's microclimate data on electricity generation was investigated. While the most important factor that positively affects power generation is radiation, it has been observed that the important environmental factors that affect negatively are specific humidity, wave strength and module temperature.
Prevalence of Urogenital Schistosomiasis and Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Risk factors for transmission among Primary School Children in an urban endemic area of Kinondoni Municipality in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Yangaza Yonah , Mushi Vivian , Zacharia Abdallah
Published: February 2021

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis and water, sanitation, and hygiene risk factors for transmission among primary school children in an urban endemic area of Kinondoni Municipality in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted between June and August 2020 to determine the prevalence of S.haematobium. A total of 250 urine samples were collected from primary school children, examined for haematuria using urinalysis test strips, and S.haematobium infection and intensity using the urine filtration technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on water, sanitation, and hygiene risk factors that could influence the transmission of urogenital schistosomiasis. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 22.Results: Out of 250 primary school children recruited, 13(5.2%) had haematuria, 3(1.2%) had S.haematobium ova, and all were light-intensity infections. Among the risk factor assessed the following were significantly associated with the transmission of urogenital schistosomiasis; type of latrine used at home (p=0.044), frequency of swimming (p=0.030), the children who never swallowed praziquantel (p<0.00), experienced side effects (p<0.00), type of side effects experienced (p=0.037), and reasons for not taking praziquantel in the last round of mass drug administration (p=0.007).Conclusions: The low prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis indicates the ongoing transmission of the disease among primary school children. Frequency of swimming, type of latrines used at home, and non-uptake of praziquantel are the risk factors for the infection among primary school children. Therefore there is a need to provide health education to promote the uptake of praziquantel.
What fuels the fire? Cooking fuel estimates at global, regional and country level for 1990-2030
Authors: Stoner Oliver , Lewis Jessica , Martínez Itzel , Gumy Sophie , Economou Theo , Adair-Rohani Heather
Published: February 2021

Household air pollution generated from the use of polluting cooking fuels and technologies is a major source of disease and environmental degradation in low- and middle-income countries. Using a novel modelling approach, we provide global, regional and country estimates for 6 specific fuel categories (electricity, gaseous fuels, kerosene, biomass, charcoal, coal) and overall polluting/clean fuel use – from 1990-2020 and with urban/rural disaggregation. Model results show 53% of the global population relied on polluting cooking in 1990, dropping to 36% in 2020. In urban areas, gaseous fuels dominate, with a growing reliance on electricity; in rural populations, high levels of biomass use persist alongside increasing use of gaseous fuels. Future projections of observed trends suggest 31% will still lack access to clean cooking in 2030, and the Sub-Saharan African population relying on polluting fuels is on course to exceed 1 billion by 2025.
Evaluation of water resource carrying capacity of two typical cities in northern China
Authors: Qiu Qingtai , Liu Jia , Li Chuanzhe , Jiao Yufei , Yu Fuliang , Li Xinyi
Published: February 2021

Global climate change and human activities are increasingly affecting the regional water resource carrying capacity (WRCC). For sustainable development, an important social challenge is understanding the carrying level of regional water resources. In this study, to assess the WRCC status, we used a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model and combined the natural and social attributes of WRCC. Moreover, from the three dimensions of support force subsystem, pressure force subsystem (PFS), and regulation force subsystem (RFS), 12 evaluation indicators were selected. Furthermore, using the fuzzy comprehensive theory and natural and social comprehensive indicators, we constructed a WRCC-level evaluation model and used it to evaluate the carrying level of two typical cities in China, Shijiazhuang and Langfang, for the 2006–2015 period. The results demonstrate that the regional water-carrying status of each of these cities is slightly above that of WRCC and that carrying levels show an interannual increasing trend. Note that, in both cities, the primary reason for the low regional WRCC is water shortage, while PFS improvement, supported by an interannual PFS increasing trend during the same time period, is the primary reason for carrying-level improvement for both cities in the past 10 years. For the RFS dimension, evaluation scores were in the range of 2.14–2.98 for Shijiazhuang and 2.12–2.79 for Langfang. Furthermore, the evaluation model and the indicator system demonstrated complementary functionality; thus, our results have an important academic value, particularly with reference to evaluating the WRCC.
Performance of inclined plates settler integrated with constructed wetland for high turbidity water treatment
Authors: Kasenene Atwebembela J. , Machunda Revocatus L. , Njau Karoli N.
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate and demonstrate cost-effective treatment technologies for highly turbid waters, used for domestic purposes in rural areas of Tanzania where conventional community water treatment techniques are not available. Pilot-scale inclined plates settler integrated with constructed wetland (IPS-CW) system was investigated on earth dam water with turbidities ranging from 186 to 4,011 NTU. The IPS was used as a physical pretreatment system preceding the CW, meant for the removal of organic matter, nutrients, and pathogens. Major focus of the IPS-CW system was on turbidity and faecal coliform (FC) removal, and at 5 L/min flow rate mean maximum removal efficiencies of 95.9% and 94.3% were achieved, respectively. Total suspended solids, nitrate (NO3−), ammonium, biological oxygen demand (BOD5) and phosphate removal were studied and removal efficiencies of 97.4%, 91.7%, 71.3%, 91.7% and 49.8% were obtained at 5 L/min flow rate, respectively. Although the use of these combinations of technologies in improving drinking water quality is uncommon, results demonstrated that NO3− and BOD5 met WHO and TBS drinking water standards of ≤50 mg/l and ≤6 mg/L respectively. Due to low production cost and simplicity in operation, the system is relevant for application in rural communities.
The Undernutrition Situation of School-age Children in Nigeria: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Iheme Gideon O.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Under-nutrition in school-age children has proven to be responsible for
poor academic performance as well as declined work capacity and poor health/reproductive function
later in life. Nutritional assessment is key to monitoring the effectiveness of intervention programs
aimed at reducing under-nutrition. Yet, there is a gross absence of national data on the nutritional
status of school-age children.

Objective:

This study was designed to pool existing recent data on anthropometrically determined
under-nutrition prevalence of school-age children and provide a clear picture of the regional and national
malnutrition situation of school-age children in Nigeria.

Methods:

Published studies on the anthropometric status of school-age children in Nigeria from
2005 to 2019 were reviewed. Eligible studies were those that used the acceptable international
growth standards. A total of 27 articles that assessed 17,820 school-age children met the inclusion
criteria.

Results:

Results showed that 37.9% of studies had adopted the WHO 2007 growth reference. The
overall pooled stunting, underweight, and wasting/thinness prevalence of school-age children in
Nigeria are 25.5+20.4%, 24.4+18.8%, 20.6+17.4%, respectively. More than half of the studies had
their under-nutrition prevalence above the public health significance thresholds. Stunting (53.2%)
and underweight (36.9%) were most prominent in the North West region, while the South Southern
part of Nigeria had the highest prevalence of acute malnutrition (39.5%).

Conclusion:

The study suggests that the inclusion of school-age children in national nutrition surveys
and scale-up of intervention programs will reduce this high under-nutrition prevalence.
Use of Either Non-invasive Ventilation Immediately Post-extubation or Controlled Mechanical Ventilation for One Hour after Fulfilling Weaning Criteria Decreases Re-intubation of Patients with Post-traumatic ARDS
Authors: Allam Mohamed Gaber Ibrahim Mostafa
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

Re-intubation and re-ventilation after complete weaning of patients with prolonged ventilation are considered a major problem in ICU. The re-intubation in such patients associated with higher mortalities prolongs the duration of ICU stay. The mortality rate in those patients may exceed 40% in some studies.

Aims:

The study aimed to compare and evaluate the effect of use of two new maneuvers with control after fulfilling criteria of weaning from prolonged ventilation, either immediate use of NIV post-extubation and every 12 hours for 24 hours or MV for one hour on both re-intubation and ICU discharge of traumatic ARDS patients who ventilated for one week or more.

Materials and Methods:

It is a prospective double-blind study done on total 300 patients, admitted with respiratory failure ARDS due to severe lung contusion. All of them were selected to be ventilated for > one week. All of them fulfilled the criteria of weaning at the end of the studied period. Patients were randomly allocated in three groups; each group contained 100 patients. Group A was considered the control group. They extubated and followed our routine protocol; patients of group B used our first new maneuver and reconnected to mechanical ventilation before extubation for one hour, while patients of group C used our second new maneuver; patients of this group extubated and immediately connected to NIV with BIPAP mode for 1 hour every 12 hours for 24 hours.

Results:

There was a significant reduction in the number of patients who experienced deterioration in conscious level throughout the study in patients of both groups B and C compared to group A. Also, a significant reduction was seen in the number of patients who experienced deterioration in clinical parameters of respiration, of both groups B and C compared to group A with regard to high respiratory rate, desaturation and development of hyperdynamic circulation (tachycardia and hypertension). Also, a significant reduction was seen in the number of patients who had multiple quadrant parenchymatous infiltration throughout the study in patients of both groups B and C compared to group A. significant reduction in the number of patients marked limitation to FEV1, FVC and MVV in patients of both groups B and C compared to group A.

Conclusion:

Use of either immediate NIV every 12 hours for 24 hours or MV for one hour after fulfillment of weaning criteria reduced reintubation, re-ventilation and post-extubation respiratory failure and decreased the ICU stay in prolonged ventilated patients due to ARDS from severe lung trauma with no significant difference between them.
Screening for Potential Traditional Herbal Inhibitors Against 3-Chymotrypsin- like Main Protease (3CLpro) from Four Different Coronaviruses: An in silico Approach
Authors: Singh P. , Ardra P. , Hariprasad V.R. , Babu U.V. , Rafiq M. , Rao R. P.
Published: February 2021

Background:

The recent outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has raised a global health
concern due to the unavailability of any vaccines or drugs. The repurposing of traditional herbs
with broad-spectrum anti-viral activity can be explored to control or prevent a pandemic.

Objective:

The 3-chymotrypsin-like main protease (3CLpro), also referred to as the “Achilles’ heel”
of the coronaviruses (CoVs), is highly conserved among CoVs and is a potential drug target. 3CLpro
is essential for the virus’ life cycle. The objective of the study was to screen and identify broad-
-spectrum natural phytoconstituents against the conserved active site and substrate-binding site of
3CLpro of HCoVs.

Methods:

Herein, we applied the computational strategy based on molecular docking to identify potential
phytoconstituents for the non-covalent inhibition of the main protease 3CLpro from four different
CoVs, namely, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-229E.

Results:

Our study shows that natural phytoconstituents in Triphala (a blend of Emblica officinalis
fruit, Terminalia bellerica fruit, and Terminalia chebula fruit), namely chebulagic acid, chebulinic
acid, and elagic acid, exhibited the highest binding affinity and lowest dissociation constants (Ki),
against the conserved 3CLpro main protease of SARSCoV-2, SARS-CoV, HCoV-HKU1, and
HCoV-229E. Besides, phytoconstituents of other herbs like Withania somnifera, Glycyrrhiza
glabra, Hyssopus officinalis, Camellia sinensis, Prunella vulgaris, and Ocimum sanctum also
showed good binding affinity and lower Ki against the active site of 3CLpro. The top-ranking phytoconstituents’
binding interactions clearly showed strong and stable interactions with amino acid
residues in the catalytic dyad (CYS-HIS) and substrate-binding pocket of the 3CLpro main
proteases.

Conclusion:

This study provides a valuable scaffold for repurposing traditional herbs with anti--
CoV activity to combat SARS-CoV-2 and other HCoVs until the discovery of new therapies.
Immunological Response of the Respiratory Tract in the SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Singh Sanjiv , Aggarwal Punita , Ravichandiran Velayutham
Published: February 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a contagious pathogen
responsible for the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The pathogenesis
and immunological responses of SARS-CoV-2 infection are poorly understood until now. Once
a person gets infected by SARS-COV-2, both innate and adaptive immunity gets compromised,
which further plays an important role in making the disease more severe. The host's innate immune
system forms the first layer of defense for protection from viral infections and initiates activation
of the adaptive immune system in order to give maximum protection. The respiratory tract maintains
the balance of T cell, B cell pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in order to protect the tissue
from damage and diseases. In this review, the current updates related to the involvement of the
immune system in the antiviral defense against SARS-CoV-2 have been discussed. These novel insights
within the immunological response in the respiratory tract would support the future development
of vaccines and immunoregulatory therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Autobiography in the Anthropocene. A Geological Reading of Alice Munro
Authors: Goldman Marlene
Published: February 2021

In the autobiographical stories of Nobel Prize award-winning author Alice Munro, questions of ontology and mortality are inextricably connected to matters of space and place. Fundamental existential dilemmas expressed in Munro’s corpus – signaled by the title of her second short story collection Who Do You Think You Are? – are linked to basic questions concerning orientation. Although autobiographical fiction frequently interweaves concerns about identity and deceased parents with recollections of ancestral spaces, as the literary critic Northrop Frye famously stated, the question ‘Where is here?’ is characteristic of the Canadian imagination. It is now also fundamental to the epoch of the Anthropocene. Although critics frequently praise Munro for her skill in presenting haunting, epiphanic moments, she is less often credited for her far less conventional tendency to tell stories covering years, even decades. My paper explores Munro’s preoccupation with these vast temporal arcs and their impact on her recursive autobiographical fiction. I argue that Munro’s penchant for ‘return and revision’ in her non-fictional works affords an opportunity for her protagonists and, by extension, her readers to revisit and ponder ancestral connections and the non-human dimensions of existence, which include sublime geological features and deep time.
Development of a Smartphone App to Predict and Improve the Rates of Suicidal Ideation Among Transgender Persons (TransLife): Qualitative Study
Authors: Dubov Alex , Fraenkel Liana , Goldstein Zil , Arroyo Hansel , McKellar Derek , Shoptaw Steve
Published: February 2021

Background

Transgender people are at a high risk of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and deaths. Among transgender individuals, 77% and 41% engage in suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in their lifetime, respectively, which exceeds the general population rates (9.2% and 2.7%, respectively). Traditionally, suicide risk factors have been studied over a long period between measurements, making it difficult to understand the short-term variability in suicide risk. Mobile phone apps offer an opportunity to understand the immediate precursors of suicidality through the assessment of behaviors and moods in real time. This is the first study to use a mobile phone app (TransLife) to understand the short-term risk factors for suicide among transgender individuals.

Objective

This study aims to beta test the usability of an evidence-informed mobile health (mHealth) suicide prevention phone app, TransLife. The primary aims are to obtain preliminary data on user engagement and satisfaction with the app, and to assess the feasibility of completing ecological momentary assessments (mood logs) within the app.

Methods

We used qualitative methods and an exploratory research approach that combined naturalistic app use, focus groups, and semistructured phone interviews. The focus group was informed about the development of the prototype. We conducted a 3-week evaluation to determine engagement and obtain detailed user feedback about the app. After participation in the pilot, phone-based, semistructured, and audio-recorded exit interviews were conducted with the research participants.

Results

In total, 16 transgender individuals participated in this study. On average, users logged in 4 (SD 2.7) times a week and spent approximately 5 (SD 3.5) minutes on the app per log-in. A total of 6 major themes emerged in this study. These themes focused on the app’s functionality, satisfaction with using the app, perceived ease of use, perceived safety of providing personal data within the app, trusting the app enough to share personal feelings, and features that make this app engaging. These themes suggest that TransLife is an engaging, useful, and acceptable mHealth intervention. Participants reported that the app was easy to use and understand, supported mental self-care, promoted self-awareness, and helped them identify triggers of negative moods.

Conclusions

The results of this pilot study indicate that TransLife is an engaging, acceptable, and potentially effective mHealth intervention. Transgender participants reported many advantages of using TransLife, such as being able to track their mood, connecting to the community, and accessing local resources. This study provides initial support for the acceptability and usability of TransLife as an mHealth intervention designed for the transgender community.
Effects of a School-Based Physical Activity Intervention for Obesity and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Adolescents With Intellectual Disability: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wang Aiwei , Gao Yang , Wang Jingjing , Tong Tomas K , Sun Yan , Yu Siyue , Zhao Hong , Zou Daozhi , Zhang Ziheng , Qi Yuling , Zuo Nan , Bu Danran , Zhang Dexing , Xie Yaojie , Baker Julien S
Published: February 2021

Background

Childhood obesity accompanied by lower levels of health-related physical fitness (HRPF) is a major threat to public health both internationally and locally. Children with intellectual disability, especially adolescents, have a higher risk of being overweight/obese and having poor HRPF levels. Therefore, more interventions are needed to help this population attain their optimal health levels. However, there has been relatively limited research on this population compared with on their typically developing peers.

Objective

The proposed study aims to fill this knowledge gap by developing and examining the success of a physical activity (PA) intervention for the target population.

Methods

The proposed study will be a 12-week, school-based randomized controlled trial. The participants (N=48) will be recruited from special schools for students with mild intellectual disability and then randomly allocated to either the intervention group (IG) or the wait-list control group (CG). During the intervention period, the participants in the IG will receive a fun game–based moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) training program (2 sessions/week, 60 minutes/session, for a total of 24 sessions). The intensity of the activities will increase in a progressive manner. Participants in the CG will receive no program during the study period, but the same PA program will be provided to them after the completion of the study. To observe and evaluate the sustaining effects of the intervention, follow-up testing will be scheduled for the participants 12 weeks after the intervention concludes. The study outcomes will include primary outcomes (obesity- and fitness-related outcomes) and a secondary outcome (blood pressure). All of the measurements will be taken at 3 time points. After the follow-up tests, the same PA training program will be provided to the participants in the CG.

Results

This study is ongoing. The participants were recruited from October 2020 to November 2020. The total duration of the study is 13 months. Study results are expected at the end of 2021.

Conclusions

The proposed study is expected to reduce obesity and improve HRPF levels in children with intellectual disability. If proven effective, the intervention will be made accessible to more special schools and mainstream schools with students with intellectual disability. Furthermore, the study can serve as an example for international researchers, policy makers, and members of the public who are seeking to tackle the problem of obesity and poor HRPF among children with intellectual disability.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04554355; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04554355

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/25838
Pengambilan Keputusan Normatif KPU: Perspektif Menghadapi Pragmatisme Partai Politik pada Pencalonan Kepala Daerah Karanganyar Tahun 2018
Authors: Fadhilah Siti
Published: February 2021

Artikel ini mengungkap dinamika dalam pengambilan keputusan KPU Karanganyar ketika menerima pendaftaran pasangan calon pada Pilkada Karanganyar 2018. Salah satu pasangan calon diusung oleh Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) dan Partai Gerindra, padahal sebelumnya Partai Gerindra telah mengusung pasangan calon lain. Saat mendaftarkan pasangan calon lagi, dukungan Partai Gerindra terhadap pasangan calon lain sebelumnya belum dicabut. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kasus, yaitu dengan menggali informasi melalui wawancara, pengumpulan, dan pendokumentasian data dari KPU Karanganyar. Hal tersebut dilakukan agar berhasil mendeskripsikan respons KPU Karanganyar saat menghadapi sikap pragmatis partai politik dalam pencalonan kepala daerah. Dari penelitian ini, diketahui bahwa meskipun Partai Gerindra tidak mencabut dukungan pada pasangan calon yang diusung sebelumnya, KPU Karanganyar melalui langkah-langkah srategis memutuskan untuk menerima pendaftaran pasangan calon Rohadi–Ida. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa keputusan tersebut menunjukkan bukti nyata bahwa KPU Karanganyar telah membuat keputusan berdasarkan pada norma-norma yang berlaku dan sesuai dengan aturan main pemilu. Pengalaman KPU Karanganyar tersebut dapat menjadi acuan yang bermanfaat bagi penyelenggaraan pilkada di daerah lain pada pilkada di masa mendatang, bilamana penyelenggara pilkada menghadapi sikap pragmatis partai politik ketika mengusung pasangan calon kepala daerah.
Danda Janda: Strategi Advokasi LSM PEKKA dalam Memberdayakan Perempuan Rentan di Desa Batangan Kabupaten Bangkalan
Authors: Imelda Cahyaningrum Anastasia
Published: February 2021

Artikel ini membedah kaitan antara belenggu sistem patriarki bagi perempuan desa, terutama janda desa, dalam mengakses hak-hak politik dan ekonomi dengan strategi advokasi sebagai salah satu koridor pemberdayaan perempuan. Patriarki sebagai sebuah sistem telah menempatkan perempuan pada peran domestik—jauh dari bentuk-bentuk partisipasi politik di ruang publik—sekaligus peran reproduksi yang menyingkirkan perempuan dari akses sumber daya ekonomi. Meminjam kerangka konsep strategi advokasi dengan fokus pada aspek perubahan dan audiens, artikel ini mengeksplor program dan pendekatan LSM PEKKA dalam memberdayakan janda desa di Desa Batangan, Kabupaten Bangkalan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan sosial menjadi kebutuhan utama janda desa. Ketimbang sebatas persoalan administratif, perlindungan sosial menjadi basis material yang mampu membuka akses lebih luas terhadap ruang-ruang partisipasi publik dan sumber daya ekonomi. Pun demikian, upaya pemberian akses ini perlu memperhatikan jejaring aktor berpengaruh untuk kemudian mengupayakan perubahan dari strategi advokasi yang dirumuskan. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa strategi advokasi efektif dilakukan dengan berfokus pada pemilihan isu, yang kemudian menjadi program utama PEKKA, dan pemetaan aktor lingkar kuasa Kepala Desa untuk jaringan kader awal.
Komparasi Model Pemberantasan Korupsi Sebagai Upaya Reflektif Menemukan Bentuk Ideal KPK dalam Kacamata State-Centric
Authors: Firdaus Syahran
Published: February 2021

Artikel ini menggunakan teori State-Centric  untuk menganalisa bentuk kelembagaan yang ideal bagi KPK sebagai pelaksana pemberantasan korupsi. Langkah awal yang dilakukan adalah melakukan komparasi model pemberantasan korupsi di dua negara, yaitu Singapura dan Hongkong. Dari hasil komparasi ini, kemudian dikerangkai dalam teori tentang Korupsi dan State Auxiliary Agencies (SAA) sebagai langkah untuk mengenali kelembagaan KPK. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan State-Centric, hasil rumusan rekomendasi disesuaikan dengan konteks KPK di Indonesia dan mempertimbangkan hasil refleksi komparasi di dua negara yang telah disebutkan. Selain itu, artikel ini juga tidak lupa untuk menganalisis capaian dan hambatan kinerja yang dihadapi KPK. Hal ini dilakukan agar mendapatkan hasil evaluasi dari kinerja KPK selama ini sehingga rumusan rekomendasi yang diberikan dapat dilakukan secara komprehensif. Artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengambilan data studi literatur disertai dengan tambahan data sekunder terkait dengan capaian dan hambatan kinerja KPK dalam kurun waktu 2003–2019.
РАЗРАБОТКА МАЛОГАБАРИТНОЙ БОРТОВОЙ РАДИОЛОКАЦИОННОЙ СТАНЦИИ ДЛЯ БЕСПИЛОТНОГО ВОЗДУШНОГО СУДНА
Authors: Цыпленков Ю.С. , Анурин А.А.
Published: February 2021

В целях предупреждения столкновения в условия постоянно возрастающей интенсивности полетов летательных аппаратов различных типов и назначения предлагается разработка малогабаритной бортовой радиолокационной станции, совместимой с существующей системой управления воздушным движением (УВД) и с бортовыми системами других воздушных судов для обеспечения безопасности полетов.
СИСТЕМЫ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ТИПОВ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ РАЗРАБОТЧИКОВ И ИЗГОТОВИТЕЛЕЙ СБИС И ПРОБЛЕМЫ СОЗДАНИЯ РЕЗУЛЬТАТИВНЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ ИНТЕРФЕЙСОВ
Authors: Панасюк В.Н. , Королёва А.Н. , Игнатов П.В. , Шипицин Д.С.
Published: February 2021

Статья посвящена актуальным вопросам взаимодействия различных типов организаций, реализующих процессы разработки, производства, поставки изделий СБИС в РФ. Авторами выделяются особенности создания организационно-технических интерфейсов на основании обобщения практического опыта взаимодействия предприятий в цепочках создания ценности, их роль в управлении рисками, рассмотрены зоны совместной ответственности участников в вопросах обеспечения качества.
УНИФИЦИРОВАННАЯ СХЕМА ТЕРМОСТАБИЛИЗАЦИИ ТВЕРДОТЕЛЬНЫХ УСИЛИТЕЛЕЙ С ВЫХОДНОЙ МОЩНОСТЬЮ ДО 100 ВТ
Authors: Лось В.О. , Лось В.О.
Published: February 2021

Предложен принцип построения унифицированной схемы термостабилизации многокаскадных твердотельных усилителей с выходной мощностью до 100 Вт. Рассмотрены схемотехнические решения унифицированной схемы на основе существующей ЭКБ, а также требования к электронной компонентной базе (ЭКБ) для решения задачи термокомпенсации.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ОС В БОРТОВЫХ УПРАВЛЯЮЩИХ ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ СИСТЕМАХ С ПРОГРАММНО-АППАРАТНЫМ МАЖОРИРОВАНИЕМ
Authors: Гусев Е.В. , Тихонов С.Н.
Published: February 2021

Представлены особенности реализации бортовой ОС с программным восстановлением после допустимых сбоев.
Migración de retorno y socialización infantil: un acercamiento con afromexicanos
Authors: Quecha Reyna Citlali
Published: February 2021

Esta contribución presenta una reflexión y análisis sobre los escenarios que se gestan en la interacción entre niñas y niños afromexicanos que retornan desde Estados Unidos a las comunidades de origen, ya sean suyas o de sus padres. En particular, se presentará con mayor detalle las implicaciones que tiene su reinserción en el ámbito escolar. En el artículo se brindan datos relacionados con las ideas que circulan en torno a la palabra “extranjero”. La perspectiva analítica con que se estudia este fenómeno es la antropología de la infancia en diálogo con los estudios sobre racismo y la xenofobia. Los datos presentados corresponden a comunidades afrodescendientes de la región de la Costa Chica, en los estados de Guerrero y Oaxaca, México.
Los “otros” retornados. Invisibilidad y exclusión en el sistema educativo mexicano: aportes etnográficos desde Oaxaca
Authors: Rodríguez-Cruz Marta
Published: February 2021

La actual diáspora en retorno desde Estados Unidos a México está integrada por una importante cantidad de niñas y niños mexicanos que se encuentran en edad escolar. Sin embargo, aunque portadores de nuevas y diferentes necesidades educativas, éstos son sometidos a fuertes procesos de invisibilidad y exclusión en el sistema educativo del país al que retornan. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar cómo estos procesos se concatenan en las escuelas del estado de Oaxaca, uno de los que más población retornada recibe, y qué repercusiones tienen sobre esta niñez. Para ello, se ha desarrollado una metodología cualitativa que ha contemplado un trabajo de campo antropológico realizado entre los años 2018 y 2019 en el que se han empleado distintas técnicas etnográficas de obtención de datos: observación con y sin participación, entrevistas semiestructuradas y conversaciones informales. Los principales hallazgos apuntan a la existencia de procesos de invisibilidad de la niñez retornada en las estructuras macro, meso y micro del sistema educativo que provocan, correspondientemente, su exclusión en las mismas.

 
Espacios de vida cotidiana y el continuum movilidad/inmovilidad: el protagonismo de niñxs y adolescentes migrantes en el continente americano. Un proyecto etnográfico multimedia
Authors: Glockner Valentina , Álvarez Soledad
Published: February 2021

En este artículo exponemos los planteamientos teóricos y meto-
 dológicos centrales de un ejercicio colectivo, interdisciplinario y transnacional de investigación y divulgación iniciado en 2018 para crear lo que hemos definido como “Mosaico Etnográfico Multimedia sobre las experiencias de niñas, niños y adolescentes migrantes en el continente americano”. El argumento a discusión es que incorporar teórica y metodológicamente el análisis del protagonismo de niñxs y adolescentes migrantes al estudio de la movilidad contemporánea puede ser reinterpretado a la luz de la triada analítica compuesta por las nociones de vida cotidiana, producción espacial multi-escalar y continuum movilidad/inmovilidad. Re-interpretando hallazgos empíricos de dos experiencias migratorias concretas en torno a la niñez y adolescencia en contextos de movilidad/inmovilidad en comunidades de origen en Los Andes ecuatorianos y en la frontera norte de México, el artículo evidencia cómo niñxs y adolescentes ecuatorianos, mexicanos y hondureños activan diversas tácticas y estrategias para responder a la inmovilidad de facto que el actual régimen de control fronterizo neoliberal  produce en sus vidas, ponen en marcha diversas formas de movilidad, mientras re-producen espacialidades y temporalidades cotidianas e imaginarias como formas de subsistencia y resistencia ante las violencias de los tiempos presentes.
Editorial, volumen 55-I
Authors: Daneels Verriest Annick
Published: February 2021

Este es el segundo número que  aparece  durante el periodo de confinamiento de la pandemia del COVID-19. La situación se ha agravado en el periodo decembrino, a nivel mundial y con las cifras más altas en América. En las reuniones del comité editorial del año pasado se contempló por dos veces la posibilidad de convocar a secciones especiales sobre la pandemia, pero el consenso de los miembros fue  esperar para  tener una perspectiva más clara de los efectos en su conjunto. Aún así, como los artículos de este volumen se recibieron o se corrigieron desde la primavera de 2020, varios integran valoraciones sobre el impacto de la pandemia en los eventos y casos que investigan a largo plazo, ya que todos los aspectos de la sociedad se han visto afectados.

 