bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smart traffic solution: Infrared (IR)-based detection and automatic signal adjustment
Authors: VS Sai Krishna Kanth , Vedanarayanan Mukund , B Haricharan , Jadhav Rajvardhan Yuvaraj , Rawal Divyansh , Kaswan Devendra , Pradhan Sunil Kumar
Published: June 2024

Traffic is a relentless issue in metropolitan regions, increasing travel
times, fuel utilization, and natural contamination. This paper means to
resolve this issue by proposing a density-based traffic signal framework
that utilizes arduino microcontrollers and infrared sensors. The
objective is to plan a wise traffic light framework that can
progressively change light times because of constant traffic density at
crossing points. The archive starts by examining the significance of
traffic and its effect on different parts of urban life. It features the
requirement for a productive and versatile traffic signal framework to
ease clogs and further develop in general rush hour traffic streams. The
proposed framework utilizes Arduino microcontrollers, which are
practical and broadly accessible, alongside infrared sensors to
recognize the presence of vehicles at convergences. The procedure
comprises decisively putting infrared sensors at convergences to catch
continuous information on vehicle density. These sensors send the data
to the Arduino microcontroller, which then, at that point, processes the
information and changes the planning of the traffic signals
appropriately. By focusing on crossing points with higher vehicle
densities, the framework means further developing traffic streams and
decreasing clogs. Reproductions and proper investigations are performed
to check the adequacy of the proposed framework. The archive depicts
setting up the equipment, including interfacing the Infrared (IR)
sensors to the Arduino microcontroller and the virtual circuits.
Moreover, a product calculation was created to dissect the sensor
information and decide the suitable timing of traffic signals because of
the force data.
River thermal dynamics and heatwaves of Polish rivers under climate change
Authors: Sun Jiang , Xu Jiajie , NUNNO Fabio DI , Sojka Mariusz , Graf Renata , Wrzesiński Dariusz , Ptak Mariusz , Zhou Quan , Luo Yi , Zhi Wei , Zhu Senlin , Granata Francesco
Published: June 2024

Progress of global warming poses a great risk to river systems. However,
how river heatwaves’ characteristics change under climate change is
still poorly understood. In this study, long-term reconstructed daily
river water temperatures (RWT) from 125 hydrological stations in 70
rivers across Poland, were used. Bayesian estimator of abrupt change,
seasonal change, and trend (BEAST) method was used to track the abrupt
changes of RWT. BEAST analysis reveals significant temporal and spatial
variability in river temperature trends in Poland, influenced by natural
and anthropogenic factors. Notably, the 1980s and 1990s saw maximum
abrupt changes. Southern Poland, particularly mountainous regions,
exhibits more pronounced temperature changes and severe heatwaves
compared to the milder northern regions. Moreover, the characteristics
of river heatwaves, including number, duration, intensity, and category,
were evaluated. The results showed that 121 out of 125 stations showed
significantly increased frequency and intensity of river heatwaves. For
all the 125 hydrological stations, the majority of river heatwaves
belong to the category ‘moderate’, followed by ‘strong’, ‘severe’, and
then ‘extreme’. Characteristics of river heatwaves correlated with air
temperatures. The average correlation coefficients of 0.624, 0.631, and
0.604 were for the number, duration and cumulative intensity
respectively. The results indicated that with the warming of air
temperatures, river heatwaves tend to increase in frequency and
intensity. In addition, river heatwaves tend to intensify under low flow
conditions. The results further suggest that mitigation measures shall
be taken to reduce the effects of climate warming on river systems.
Solar Wind Drivers of Auroral Omega Bands
Authors: Cribb Vivian , Pulkkinen Tuija I. , Kepko Larry , Gallardo-Lacourt Bea , Donovan Eric F.
Published: June 2024

Omega bands are mesoscale auroral structures emerging as eastward moving
sinusoidal undulations well within the closed field line region of the
auroral oval. While associated with geomagnetic activity, neither
specific conditions of their appearance nor their causes are well
understood. We perform a superposed epoch analysis of OMNI and SuperMAG
measurements taken during 28 omega band events recorded by auroral
all-sky imager (ASI) observations from 2006-2013 to identify their solar
wind drivers. We find local enhancements in the solar wind flow speed,
magnetic field, pressure, and proton density at the onset of the omega
band observation. In the magnetosphere-ionosphere, we see enhancements
in the ring current, partial ring current, and auroral electrojets.
These features are consistent with geomagnetic activity caused by stream
interaction regions (SIRs). 19 of our events overlap with SIRs from
published event catalogs. Our findings suggest that omega bands are
driven by SIR-like events.
Association of total arsenic exposure with allostatic load and cardiovascular disease risk
Authors: Barbee Elon , Obeng-Gyasi Emmanuel
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between arsenic
exposure (as measured in urine) and both allostatic load and
cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers within a representative group
of participants from the U.S. noninstitutionalized civilian population.
The results revealed individuals with high arsenic levels were
significantly older than those with lower arsenic levels. Other findings
indicated no significant associations between cardiovascular variables
by degree of arsenic exposure as measured by total urinary arsenic.
These results underscore the need to assess numerous biomarkers when
examining the potential health implications of exposure to arsenic as
markers of longer-term Arsenic exposure or consideration of specificity
of arsenic species   may have yielded different results.
Investigating Subsurface Properties of the Shallow Lunar Crust using Seismic Interferometry on Synthetic and Recorded Data
Authors: Keil Sabrina , Igel Heiner , Schimmel Martin , Lindner Fabian , Bernauer Felix
Published: June 2024

In the past few years, the remarkable progress of commercially operated
spacecrafts, the success with reusable rocket engines, as well as the
international competition to explore space, has led to a substantial
acceleration of activities in the design and preparation of ambitious
future lunar missions. In the search for ice and/or cavities imaging the
shallow subsurface structure is of vital importance. Hereby, previous
studies have shown that seismic interferometry is a promising method to
investigate the subsurface properties from passive lunar data. In this
study, we want to evaluate the potential of this method further by
examining the required duration of seismic measurements and the
influence of scattering on the Green´s function retrieval. Therefore, we
applied seismic interferometry to both measured Apollo 17 data and
synthetic data. Our findings indicate that, under optimal conditions, a
few hours of data are sufficient when using the method of time-scaled
phase-weighted stack (ts-PWS). However, this strongly depends on the
inter-station distance, the orientation towards the principal noise
sources, and the timing of the measurement during the lunar cycle.
Additionally, we were able to reproduce the measured data using
numerical simulations in 2D. The synthetic results show that scattering
effects clearly influence the Green´s function extraction, especially
for larger station distances.
Modeling Spatial Distribution of Snow Water Equivalent using Transfer Learning across Mountainous Basins
Authors: Halabi Lama El , Mital Utkarsh , Dwivedi Dipankar
Published: June 2024

Accurately estimating snow water equivalent (SWE) is crucial for
understanding the impacts of climate change, urbanization, and
population growth on water resources. High operational costs of lidar
observations limit the frequency and coverage of SWE estimates at high
spatial resolutions, leading to significant data gaps. We address this
challenge with a transfer learning framework that leverages abundant SWE
data from California to enhance predictions in Colorado, where data are
scarce. From 2016 to 2019, the disparity in SWE data collection between
these states was stark: 94 snowpack maps were recorded in California’s
Sierra Nevada versus only 12 in Colorado’s Rocky Mountains. We
hypothesized that geographic predictors (e.g., elevation and snowfall)
would exhibit similar effects on SWE across these landscapes. By
conducting an explanatory factor analysis, we validated this hypothesis
and refined our transfer learning model, which incorporated data from
California to predict SWE in Colorado. When compared with using data
from Colorado alone, transfer learning improved the mean R2 value from
0.43 to 0.56, indicating a significant enhancement of over 30% in
predictive accuracy. Such advancements underscore the potential of our
framework to mitigate lidar data limitations, offering a valuable tool
for water resource management amidst changing environmental conditions.
Planetary impact shifts from fossil fuels to material extraction
Authors: Creutzig Felix , Azevedo Isabel , Berrill Peter , Edelenbosch Oreane , Fishman Tomer , Haberl Helmut , Hertwich Edgar , Krey Volker , Lima Ana Teresa , Makov Tamar , Mastrucci Alessio , Milojevic-Dupont Nikola , Nachtigall Florian , Pauliuk Stefan , Simoes Sofia G , Silva Mafalda , Verdolini Elena , Vuuren Detlef Van , Wagner Felix , Wiedenhofer Dominik , Wilson Charlie
Published: June 2024

As societies abandon fossil fuels in favor of renewable energy, electric
cars and other low-carbon technologies, environmental pressures shift
from atmospheric carbon loading to adverse impacts of material
extraction and waste flows, new infrastructure development, land use
change, and the provision of new types of goods and services. We call
for interdisciplinary modeling to investigate this major change in
environmental and social burdens and identify systemic demand-led
mitigation strategies that explicitly consider planetary boundaries
associated with the earth’s material resources.
Decreased Northern Hemisphere Precipitation from Consecutive CO2 Doublings Is Associated with Significant AMOC Weakening
Authors: Zhang Xiyue , Waugh Darryn W. , Mitevski Ivan , Orbe Clara , Polvani Lorenzo M
Published: June 2024

Previous studies found many climate properties such as northern
hemisphere (NH) surface temperature and precipitation respond
non-monotonically when CO2 is increased from 1x to 8xCO2 relative to
pre-industrial levels. Here, we explore the robustness of the
non-monotonicity in NH precipitation response in 11 coupled climate
models. Eight models show a decrease of NH precipitation under repeated
CO2 doubling beyond a critical level, which varies from 2xCO2 to 8xCO2.
These models also show a robust cooling associated with the North
Atlantic warming hole, and a prominent weakening in the Atlantic
meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) at the same critical CO2
level. The sensitivity of NH precipitation and AMOC to CO2 doublings are
positively correlated, especially when the AMOC weakens beyond 10 Sv.
Regionally, this decrease in NH precipitation is most prominent over the
North Atlantic, Europe and the tropical Pacific.
Attributes of satisfaction with foodshops among older shoppers
Authors: Lesakova Dagmar
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework that can be used to develop a clear and conceptually consistent, context-specific system for assessing older people’s satisfaction with the experience of food shopping. In particular, I suggest a method for identifying their satisfaction level with the shopping experience and discuss areas of satisfaction and perceived dissatisfaction in this segment of the population. I pose the question: “What are the areas in which seniors perceive dissatisfaction when shopping for foodstuffs?”. I also explore the influence of age and health condition on satisfaction levels. To identify satisfaction, 12 attributes of the internal and external store environments were reviewed by a sample of senior respondents, who were asked to rate the attributes for the food store where they regularly/most frequently shop. While the results indicate a general trend towards satisfaction, areas of dissatisfaction do exist, including with the aspects of price policy, internal store environment and staff courtesy. This suggests that retail managers should pay more attention to seniors, as not all older consumers perceive their needs to be satisfactorily met.
An improved generative design approach based on graph grammar for pattern drawing
Authors: Liu Yufeng , Zhou Yangchen , Yang Fan , Li Song , Wu Jun
Published: June 2024

Generative design is used to efficiently generate design solutions with powerful computational methods. Generative design based on shape grammar is currently the most commonly used approach, but it is difficult for shape grammar to formally analyze the generated pattern. Graph grammar derived from one-dimensional character grammar is mainly used for generating and analyzing abstract models of visual languages. However, there is a significant gap between the generated node-edge graphs and the representation of shape appearance. To address these problems, we propose an improved generative design approach based on virtual-node based continuous Coordinate Graph Grammar (vcCGG). This approach defines a new type of grammatical rule named node transformation rules to convert nodes into shapes with node transformation applications. By combining node transformation applications and L-applications in vcCGG, we can generate a node-edge graph as the structure of the pattern through L-applications, and then draw the shape outline, next adjust the positions of these shapes, thus relating abstract structures and the physical layouts of visual languages. At the end of the paper, we provide an example application of this approach: generating an illustration from Emma Talbot using a combination of node transformation applications and L-applications.
Italianicity is in the eye of a beholder: Analysis of audience reception to the Italian tourist campaign Italia. Open to Meraviglia
Authors: Koprivica-Lelicanin Marija
Published: June 2024

In April 2023, the Ministry of Tourism of the Republic of Italy launched the
Italia. Open to Meraviglia (Italy. Open to Wonder) campaign with the
intention of promoting the beauty of Italy abroad. The Ministry introduced
Botticelli?s Venus as a virtual and modern influencer at Lake Como, in front
of the Colosseum, and on St. Mark?s Square in Venice. The first
advertisements sparked controversy in Italian society, and Eco characterized
such phenomena as divisions between apocalyptic thinkers and integrated
intellectuals as early as 1964. The aim of this work is to uncover the
reasons for such polarization through the content analysis of more than 3000
public comments on the Ministry?s Instagram profile?s most popular
posts/images. The study establishes connections between audience reactions
and the posts, as well as between the audience and the Ministry (as the
senders of this advertising campaign). The analysis also includes a study of
the news discourse of the campaign author?s responses in Corriere della
Sera, the most circulated daily newspaper in Italy. The harshest criticisms
tend to lean towards Eco?s apocalyptic view of popular culture and Hall?s
(2017) oppositional reading. On the other side, the authors responded that
there was no such thing as bad publicity and pointed to Italian identity as
a global phenomenon.
Neofeminism in late-Yugoslav society
Authors: Djuric Dubravka , Izgarjan Aleksandra
Published: June 2024

The paper analyzes the development of neofeminism in Yugoslavia as a
socialist and non-aligned country with self-management as the dominant mode
of social organization. We set out to examine to what extent this social and
political background influenced the appearance of neofeminism in the early
1960s, its development, transformations and branching out into different
forms and eventual decline in the late 1980s. It is our contention that in
the late-socialist culture in Yugoslavia, feminist theory was present from
the 1960s to 1980s in different forms. Yugoslav female and male authors
openly debated and wrote about feminist issues, they were also influenced by
numerous translations of the works of feminist authors. The paper discusses
two main branches of Yugoslav neofeminism: socialist neofeminism and Marxist
neofeminism. In conclusion, we reflect upon the legacy of neofeminism in
Serbia as a post-Yugoslav society.
Risk factors for the formation of arteriovenous fistula thrombosis in patients treated with chronic hemodialysis
Authors: Novkovic Mira , Knezevic Violeta , Petrovic Lada
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Complications related to vascular access, alongside
cardiovascular diseases, constitute the primary cause of hospitalization
among patients undergoing hemodialysis. Thrombosis stands out as the most
prevalent cause of arteriovenous fistula dysfunction. The research aimed to
identify the risk factors contributing to thrombosis formation of the first
arteriovenous fistula. Material and Methods. The study spanned one year and
involved 40 patients who initiated hemodialysis through their first
arteriovenous fistula at the University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina. The
parameters analyzed included demographic, biochemical, and clinical factors,
as well as the therapy given. Results. Among the 40 patients, 67% were male.
The majority (57.5%) were aged over ? 60 years. Hypertension was the most
prevalent comorbidity, affecting 35% of patients. Arteriovenous fistula
thrombosis was diagnosed in 32% of patients. A logistical regression model
was employed to determine predictors of arteriovenous fistula thrombosis.
The analysis revealed that the patients with a body mass index greater than
> 25 kg/m2, had a 1.5 times higher risk of thrombosis formation. Similarly,
individuals with blood pressure exceeding > 140/90 mmHg had nearly a twofold
increased risk, while those in the 45-59 age group had a fourfold higher
risk. Patients who received anticoagulant therapy before arteriovenous
fistula formation had a 16 times lower risk of thrombosis, and nearly 33
times lower risk with the application of angiotensin-converting-enzyme
inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blocker after arteriovenous fistula
formation. Conclusion. Significant predictors of thrombosis formation of the
first arteriovenous fistula among hemodialysis patients included body mass
index greater than > 25 kg/m2, blood pressure values exceeding > 140/90
mmHg, and age group of 45 - 69 years.
Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in fully vaccinated versus unvaccinated patients treated at the infectious diseases clinic of the University Clinical Center of Vojvodina
Authors: Bajci Monika , Drljaca Maja , Turkulov Vesna , Pete Maria , Lendak Dajana
Published: June 2024

Introduction. COVID-19 vaccines have demonstrated high effectiveness in
preventing hospitalization, severe disease and death. However, a minority of
fully vaccinated adults still experience breakthrough infections. This study
aims to evaluate the severity of breakthrough infections in the adult
population. Material and Methods. A retrospective observational study was
conducted from March 1, 2021, to June 30, 2021. We compared the clinical
characteristics hospitalized patients who were fully vaccinated against
SARS-CoV-2 with those who were not fully vaccinated. Results. During the
study period, 216 patients were treated at the Infectious Diseases Clinic.
Complete medical documentation was available for 120 patients, of which 20
(9.75%) were fully vaccinated. Vaccinated patients were older than
unvaccinated patients (74 years vs. 60 years, p<0.001) and had a
statistically higher prevalence of hypertension (p=0.004), previous
cardiovascular diseases (p<0.001), and diabetes mellitus (p=0.014). A
statistically significant higher proportion of bilateral pneumonias was
observed in the unvaccinated group (p=0.042). The final outcome of the
disease did not differ between the two groups. Conclusion. Our research
confirmed that a significantly smaller percentage of vaccinated patients
required hospital treatment, with vaccination coverage in the population
during that period being around 50%. Fully vaccinated patients were
generally older and had more chronic underlying diseases. While individual
differences in the clinical presentation and course of the disease were
observed between the groups, the results showed no difference in the final
outcome.
3D printed indirect bonding trays: transfer accuracy of bar vs shell design in a prospective, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Karabiber Gulden , Eglenen Merve Nur
Published: June 2024

Objectives

To compare the transfer accuracy of two different indirect bonding (IDB) trays.

Materials and Methods

Digital IDB was performed on a total of 30 patients using one of two designs: shell and bar trays, with 15 patients in each group. Trays were designed with the Appliance Designer software (3Shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark). Angular (torque, tip, angulation) and linear (mesiodistal, buccolingual, occlusogingival) differences were compared between the bonded intraoral scans taken immediately after IDB and the virtually bracketed model prepared in Ortho Analyzer software (3Shape A/S) using open source GOM inspect software (GOM GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany).

Results

There were no significant differences found between the bar and shell groups. Within the groups, significant tip differences were found between the incisors, canines, and premolars in both groups (P = .0001). Additionally, a statistically significant torque difference was found in the canines and incisors in the shell group. The percentage of values that deviated from the clinical acceptance limit was relatively higher in the bar group.

Conclusions

Although there was no statistical difference between groups, the shell tray showed better results according to clinical acceptability limits. This study is important as it is the first clinical study to compare directly printed transfer trays with different designs.
1862-LB: Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and the Risk of Suicide and Self-Harm among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: SHAPIRO SAMANTHA , AZOULAY LAURENT , YIN HUI , HOI YUN YU ORIANA , REJ SOHAM , SUISSA SAMY
Published: June 2024

Introduction & Objective: Increased reports of thoughts of suicide and self-harm among users of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have prompted multiple regulatory agencies to conduct reviews on the drug class. There is an urgent need to assess the safety of these drugs in a real-world setting. We sought to determine whether GLP-1 RA use is associated with an increased risk of suicide and self-harm when compared with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Using primary care, hospitalization and mortality data from the United Kingdom, we assembled a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes newly prescribed GLP-1 RAs or DPP-4 inhibitors between January 2007 and December 2020. We used propensity score fine stratification weighting to balance the exposure groups on over 40 potential confounders, including age, sex, smoking, BMI, history of mental health disorders and behaviours associated with self-harm and suicide attempt, socioeconomic status, proxies for diabetes severity, common comorbidities, other medication use, and markers of health-seeking behaviour. Patients were followed using an on-treatment exposure definition. We fit weighted Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident suicide or self-harm.

Results: The cohort included 36,083 new users of GLP-1 RAs and 234,186 new users of DPP-4 inhibitors. Crude analyses indicated a twofold increase in the risk of suicide and self-harm associated with GLP-1 RA use (HR 1.99, 95% CI 1.65-2.41); however, the weighted model showed no increased risk (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.77-1.29).

Conclusions: The use of GLP-1 RAs was not associated with an increased risk of suicide or self-harm in this large, population-based study from the United Kingdom. Increased reporting of thoughts of suicide and self-harm are likely due to confounding factors rather than a causal relationship.

Disclosure

S. Shapiro: None. L. Azoulay: Advisory Panel; Pfizer Inc. Consultant; Roche Diagnostics. H. Yin: None. O. Yu: None. S. Rej: Other Relationship; AbbVie Inc. Stock/Shareholder; Aifred Health. S. Suissa: Consultant; Boehringer-Ingelheim, Novartis Canada. Speaker's Bureau; Covispharma. Consultant; AtaraBio. Speaker's Bureau; Merck & Co., Inc. Consultant; Panalgo.

Funding

Canadian Institutes of Health Research (FDN-143328)
2095-LB: Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins on the Islet Microvascular Function
Authors: BARBOZA CATARINA , MATEUS GONCALVES LUCIANA , ALMACA JOANA
Published: June 2024

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). We hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 could trigger loss of glucose homeostasis by compromising microvascular function in the pancreas.

Methods: We incubated living pancreas slices from 7 non-diabetic human donors (from nPOD) with SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 recombinant protein (SARS-Spike; 80 nM, 5xEC50, 1h). As a control, we incubated slices with a Spike S1 protein from HCoV-OC43. By confocal microscopy, we monitored the acute effects of these Spike S1 proteins on pericyte [Ca2+]i responses and vasomotion (capillaries labeled with fluorescent lectin). Using an ELISA assay, we assessed the effect of Spike S1 proteins on the endogenous levels of angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 in the supernatant of human pancreas slices.

Results: Acute incubation with SARS-Spike led to closure of capillaries in human islets in living slices. We then stimulated slices with angiotensin II (100 nM; for 4 min) in 3 mM glucose solution. While islet capillaries in slices incubated with HCoV-OC43 constricted upon Angiotensin II application (~14% average reduction in diameter), vessels in slices treated with SARS-Spike did not further respond to Angiotensin II stimulation. In addition, incubation with SARS-Spike decreased the stimulatory effect of Angiotensin II on islet pericyte cytosolic calcium levels. Incubation with SARS-Spike slightly increased the levels of Angiotensin II produced by living pancreas slices while there was no difference in Angiotensin1-7 concentration.

Conclusion: Our data indicate that the potential infection of vascular cells by SARS-CoV-2 could interfere with pericytes’ contractile properties and compromise capillary responses. We will determine in the future whether these changes are associated with an inhibition of ACE2 and/or a reduction of its expression at the plasma membrane.

Disclosure

C. Barboza: None. L. Mateus Goncalves: None. J. Almaca: None.

Funding

National Institutes of Health (R01DK133483)
56-OR: Impact of Delays in Statin Therapy Due to Statin Nonacceptance on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Diabetes
Authors: SHAH NISARG , LAN ZHOU , MARTIN SETH S. , BROWN C J. , TURCHIN ALEXANDER
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Many patients with diabetes do not accept their clinicians’ statin therapy recommendations. Long-term clinical sequalae of statin non-acceptance are unknown.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with diabetes without ASCVD treated at Mass General Brigham in 2000-2018. We analyzed the relationship between delay in statin therapy due to statin non-acceptance by patients and the incidence of CV events (MI or ischemic stroke). Information about statin non-acceptance and baseline characteristics was obtained from the electronic medical records and a previously validated Natural Language Processing tool.

Results: The mean age of 7,239 study patients was 55.0 (SD 11.9) years; 3,769 (52.1%) were female. Their mean baseline LDL-C was 138 (SD 28) mg/dl and the mean HbA1c was 7.5% (SD 1.9). A total of 1,280 (17.7%) of patients delayed statin therapy (by a mean of 2.7 (SD 3.1) years during which they had a mean of 4.6 (SD 9.1) provider visits) due to initial non-acceptance. These patients then continued on statin therapy for a mean of 7.1 (SD 4.8) years. Over the mean follow-up time of 8.2 (SD 4.6) years, 455 (6.3%) of patients had a CV event.

Accounting for all-cause death as a competing risk, 6.4% (95% CI 5.6-7.2) of patients who accepted vs. 8.5% (95% CI 6.8-10.5) of patients who initially declined statin therapy recommendation experienced a CV event at 10 years (p = 0.001). In a multivariable Cox analysis that adjusted for patients’ demographic characteristics and comorbidities and clustering within providers, initial non-acceptance of statin therapy was associated with increased risk of a CV event (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.16-1.91, p = 0.002).

Conclusions: Our study shows that patients with diabetes without ASCVD who delay statin therapy due to statin non-acceptance have an increased risk of CV events. This finding identifies a previously unexplored gap in care that increases cardiovascular burden in this already high-risk population.

Disclosure

N. Shah: None. Z. Lan: None. S.S. Martin: Consultant; Amgen Inc., AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Chroma, Kaneka Inc., NewAmsterdam, Novartis AG, Novo Nordisk, Premier, Sanofi. C.J. Brown: None. A. Turchin: Research Support; Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk. Consultant; Novo Nordisk, Proteomics International. Research Support; AstraZeneca.

Funding

PCORI (ME-2019C1-15328)
983-P: Long-Term Improvement in CGM-Measured Glycemic Control in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Not Treated with Insulin—Real-World Data
Authors: LAYNE JENNIFER E. , JEPSON LAUREN H. , CARITE ALEXANDER , BERGENSTAL RICHARD M.
Published: June 2024

Objectives: Emerging evidence indicates that CGM use is associated with improvements in glycemic control in adults with noninsulin treated T2D. This real-world study evaluated CGM metrics for one year after CGM initiation in this population.

Methods: Data were analyzed from Dexcom G6 and G7 users who self-reported: T2D, ≥18 yr, gender, no insulin use and had baseline TIR ≤70%. Outcomes were change in CGM metrics from baseline to 6 months and 1 year, and proportion with TIR >70% at follow-up overall and for younger (<65 yr) and older (≥65 yr) cohorts.

Results: CGM users (n=3,840) were: mean (SD): 52.5 (11.2) yr, 48% female, TIR 70-180 mg/dL 41.7% (21.4) and 12.4% of participants were ≥65 yr. Significant improvement was observed at 6 months with continued improvement at 1 year (Table) for all CGM metrics not at target values at baseline. The proportion of CGM users meeting TIR >70% increased from 0% to 37.9% at 6 months and to 43.1% at 1 year. CGM was worn 84.7% of days. Outcomes were very similar for younger and older adults. One exception of note was the change in the TITR 70-140 mg/dL at 1 year, <65 yr: +17.1% and ≥65 yr: +12.7%, but the <65 yr group started with a lower baseline TITR.

Conclusion: In this large, real-world study of adults with suboptimally controlled T2D not using insulin, CGM use was associated with meaningful improvements in glycemic control at 6 months with ongoing improvement at 1 year.

Disclosure

J.E. Layne: Employee; Dexcom, Inc. Stock/Shareholder; Dexcom, Inc. Employee; Verily Life Sciences. L.H. Jepson: Employee; Dexcom, Inc. Stock/Shareholder; Dexcom, Inc. A. Carite: Employee; Dexcom, Inc. Stock/Shareholder; Dexcom, Inc. R.M. Bergenstal: Other Relationship; Abbott. Research Support; Arkray Marketing. Consultant; Ascensia Diabetes Care, Bigfoot Biomedical, Inc., CeQur. Other Relationship; Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company. Consultant; embecta, Hygieia. Research Support; Insulet Corporation. Consultant; MannKind Corporation. Other Relationship; Medtronic, Novo Nordisk. Consultant; Onduo LLC, Roche Diabetes Care. Other Relationship; Sanofi. Research Support; Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Other Relationship; UnitedHealth Group. Consultant; Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Zealand Pharma A/S.
Trefoil factor 2 expressed by the murine pancreatic acinar cells is required for the development of islets and for beta cell function during aging
Authors: A. Ortiz Jose , Ghazalli Nadiah , Lopez Kassandra , Rawson Jeffrey , M. McCown Erika , Oh Eunjin , M. Irimia Jose , Jou Kevin , Mares Jacob , Chen Min-Hsuan , Wu Xiwei , N. Zook Heather , C. Quijano Janine , Erdem Neslihan , Lizarraga Anahy , Kandeel Fouad , T. Fueger Patrick , C. Thurmon Debbie , Teresa Ku Hsun
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Exocrine-to-endocrine crosstalk in the pancreas is crucial to maintain beta cell function. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this crosstalk are largely undefined. Trefoil factor 2 (Tff2) is a secreted factor known to promote the proliferation of beta cells in vitro, but its physiological role in vivo in the pancreas is unknown. Also, it remains unclear which pancreatic cell type expresses Tff2 protein. We therefore created a mouse model with a conditional knockout of Tff2 in the murine pancreas. We find that the Tff2 protein is preferentially expressed in acinar but not ductal or endocrine cells. Tff2 deficiency in the pancreas reduces beta cell mass on embryonic day 16.5. However, homozygous mutant mice are born without a reduction of beta cells and with acinar Tff3 compensation by day 7. When mice are aged to 1 year, both male and female homozygous and male heterozygous mutants develop impaired glucose tolerance without affected insulin sensitivity. Perifusion analysis reveals that the second phase of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from islets is reduced in aged homozygous mutant compared to controls. Collectively, these results demonstrate a previously unknown role of Tff2 as an exocrine acinar cell-derived protein required for maintaining functional endocrine beta cells in mice.

Article Highlights:

· Exocrine-to-endocrine crosstalk is important in maintaining pancreatic cell homeostasis, but the molecular mechanisms remain largely undefined.

· In the pancreas, the physiological role of the secreted factor Tff2 and the cell type that expresses Tff2 has been unclear.

· Pancreatic acinar cells are the major cell type expressing Tff2 protein, and specific loss of Tff2 in the pancreas reduces beta cells during development and attenuates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during aging in conditional Tff2 knockout mice.

· Tff2 is a positive exocrine-produced factor required for the development and function of endocrine beta cells, which has implication in diabetes disease progression and therapy.
Promoting safe and enjoyable sporting experiences for children in Wales
Authors:   , Furusa Maita
Published: June 2024

The overall purpose of this thesis was to gain an in-depth understanding of the experiences of young people, parents, and coaches regarding bullying, emotional abuse, and enjoyment in sport in Wales. Additionally, it aimed to explore ways to enhance safety and enjoyment in sport. Study 1 employed a two-phase mixed methods explanatory sequential design to investigate the safeguarding landscape in youth sport throughout Wales. The findings revealed that emotional abuse and bullying were widespread, with peer-perpetrated bullying being the most observed and experienced. Moreover, the results indicated that young people, parents, and coaches often struggled to recognise these behaviours as emotional abuse or bullying. Instead, they attributed the prevalence of these abusive behaviours to cultural and environmental factors. Furthermore, the results also highlighted various barriers and facilitators related to intervening in cases of emotional abuse and bullying. These factors were influenced by both personal and contextual factors. Informed by Study 1, Study 2 used a grounded theory methodology to develop a substantive theory of the process through which an optimally safe and enjoyable sporting experience is created for young people in sport. The resultant theory highlighted that establishing positive relationships between young people and key individuals in a physically and developmentally safe environment was a fundamental requirement for fostering an optimally safe and enjoyable sporting experience. Achieving this required consideration of factors both in the immediate and broad sporting context. Finally, drawing on the findings of the first two studies, Study 3 employed a feasibility study design with the primary aim of developing, implementing, and evaluating the feasibility of conducting a creative educational workshop designed to enhance young people’s awareness of safeguarding, emotional abuse, bullying, and enjoyment in sport. Participants reported that the workshop helped them reflect on their own behaviour, enhanced their understanding of the consequences of bullying and emotional abuse, and provided guidance on how to report concerns. However, the results also highlighted some significant challenges in delivering the initiative. These challenges included varying levels of participant engagement with, and interest in, the creative approaches (i.e., story completion interviews and creative arts-based tasks). Another challenge was related to the group dynamics among participants. Overall, this body of research has highlighted the ongoing need to enhance understanding of emotional abuse and bullying in sport, while also ensure steps are taken by all individuals and organisations to proactively seek to enhance children’s sporting experiences.
THE CURRENT STATE OF AUTOMOBILE AND TRACTOR TRAILERS
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Vnukov D.K.
Published: June 2024

The article examines the current state of automobile and tractor trailers, their impact on road infrastructure and development prospects. The impact of trailers on traffic, the load on the road surface, the likelihood of accidents and traffic safety are discussed. Possible measures to address these problems are being considered, including improving the design of trailers, optimizing trailer traffic, improving road infrastructure and driver training. The prospects for the development of trailers related to the use of new materials, the development of control and suspension systems, as well as improving the environmental friendliness and energy efficiency of transport are also discussed.
INTELLIGENT AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY SYSTEMS: AUTOMATION, MANAGEMENT AND OPTIMIZATION
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, But V.V.
Published: June 2024

One of the main directions of scientific and technological progress in the field of agriculture, which is one of the most promising, is the development of intelligent technologies. Smart systems are used as technological tools, the distinctive feature of which is the ability to react in a controlled manner to external and internal influences, changing their parameters in accordance with the peculiarities of the manifestation of these influences. Due to the appropriate production, increased work efficiency is ensured while improving the quality and reducing the cost of manufactured products.
FUNDAMENTALS OF BAKERY BIOTECHNOLOGY
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Rostov–on–Don, Russian Federation, Asryan V.R.
Published: June 2024

This article describes the process of producing fermented milk products from cultured butter milk. It explains the high-temperature treatment of the raw material, the fermentation of milk using a local laboratory, the process of curdling and cooling the product. It also notes that fermented milk products have a positive impact on human health and are recommended to be included in the diet. Additionally, it highlights the importance of expanding the range of functional food products in the fermented milk industry due to high market competition.
REGULARITIES OF CHANGES IN THE TECHNICAL APPEARANCE OF AGRO-MACHINES AND PROSPECTS FOR THEIR DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Sirotin P.V. , Pigenko V.A. , Vodolazko M.Yu.
Published: June 2024

The work is devoted to the analysis of the technical evolution and forecasting of the technical appearance of agricultural self-propelled combines and tractors. The patterns of the stages of development of these machines are revealed. The actual change, significance and prediction of the main defining parameters of basic and high-performance machines are presented. Options for meeting the needs of basic agricultural machinery in modern conditions of agricultural engineering are considered. The necessity of revising the approaches of designing agricultural machinery and developing a new concept of the agro-industrial complex of the country is substantiated.
PRECISION FARMING AS ONE OF THE ASPECTS OF DIGITALIZATION OF AGRICULTURE
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Dubnitskaya P.A.
Published: June 2024

Currently, the agro-industrial complex is undergoing a revolution, when various digital innovations appear in almost all its spheres. One of them, which can often be read in various articles, is precision farming. This article presents its main aspects, also analyzes the main aspects and prospects of digitalization of the agro-industrial complex.
TEST BENCH FOR THROTTLE FLOW DIVIDERS
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Rybak A.T. , Rudoy D.V. ,   Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation,   Agrarian Scientific Center "Donskoy", Zernograd, Russian Federation, Olshevskaya A.V. ,   Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Romanov M.M. ,   Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Teplyakova S.V. ,   Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

Hydraulic drives, which for the most part are multi-circuit and branched, are widely used in hydraulic drives of modern mobile equipment and technological equipment. The complication of technological processes with increasing requirements for the accuracy of execution of executive movements and their consistency poses additional tasks for developers of hydraulic drives. Throttle flow dividers are used to synchronize the operation of mechanisms driven by a single power mechanism. Reliability is a significant parameter of machines, mechanisms, drives, technological equipment and its component parts, including hydraulic motors. Reliability is checked and confirmed by conducting tests, the results of which reveal the characteristics and properties of materials, components and working fluids that are used in production. Therefore, a test bench for throttle flow dividers was created.
THE SEEDER IS A GRAIN-BEARING PRESS. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MODEL
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Ershov S.V.
Published: June 2024

In this article, the grain-flow press seeder is considered as an innovative agricultural equipment. The article presents the general characteristics of the model, including its main technical characteristics, advantages and design features. The features of precise grain seeding, the multitasking capabilities of the device and reliability in operation will be considered. A review of the model will help farmers and farmers assess the potential of this equipment to improve production processes and increase yields.
INFLUENCE OF DRY WINE ON THE HUMAN BODY
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Rostov–on–Don, Russian Federation, Rusanova D.M.
Published: June 2024

There are still debates about the benefits or harms of wine, since it is difficult to conduct such studies. In the Middle Ages, wine was considered a medicine; it was used to treat wounds, prescribed to improve digestion, etc. At the moment, after scientific research, alcohol is an unhealthy product. Every body is a unique system that works differently for everyone. This article examines the effect of dry wine on the human body.
METHODS FOR REDUCING THE METAL CONSUMPTION OF LOAD-BEARING STRUCTURES
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Solonnikov K.N.
Published: June 2024

This article discusses the main methods for reducing the metal content of load-bearing structures and identifies key parameters that affect the selection of the optimal method for reducing metal contenthis article discusses the main methods for reducing the metal content of load-bearing structures and identifies key parameters that.
OVERVIEW OF COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN SYSTEMS FOR PUMPING STATIONS
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Pelipenko A.Iu. , Rvachev E.Iu. , Iudkin V.A. , Khoprianinov Iu.A. , Stepanov A.V.
Published: June 2024

This article analyzes the most common computer-aided design systems for hydroelectric power plants. Their main features are considered. The purpose of the analysis is to review computer-aided design systems, identify their shortcomings and propose new introductions to improve the use and solve the tasks set.
METHODS OF AGRICULTURAL RECYCLING RECYCLABLES—STRAW
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Nesterenko M.V.
Published: June 2024

The article presents methods for solving agricultural problems, displays the disadvantages and advantages of existing methods, and provides new mechanisms for solving the tasks set.
PROSPECTS FOR THE APPLICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING IN THE PRACTICE OF DETECTING FAKE ACCOUNTS
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Levshin N.S.
Published: June 2024

The article analyzes the threats of the spread of fakes to society and ways to minimize them, proposed by the global scientific community. In turn, the author suggests paying attention to the analysis of the behavioral motives of the creators of fake accounts and using a trained system for analyzing behavioral metrics to automate the fight against them. Along with the main theses, the author provides various illustrative examples demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed solution.
CLIMATE CHAMBERS
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Novik E.A.
Published: June 2024

He review article examines the current topic of using climate chambers for testing various materials, products and devices under controlled climatic conditions. The authors explore the applications of such devices. The results of the work allow us to better understand the role of climate chambers in modern science and technology and identify areas for further research and development in this area.
THE ECONOMICS OF AGRICULTURE
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Sarkisian D.S.
Published: June 2024

The article discusses a branch of the economy that helps optimize the use of resources that are bottlenecks or scarce to increase the efficiency of production processes, as well as the economic aspects of agriculture, the agrarian structure of the economy, problems and tasks.
GRAPE PESTS AND METHODS OF CONTROL
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Rostov–on–Don, Russian Federation, Zakutniaia D.V.
Published: June 2024

This article provides an analysis of grape pests and methods of combating them. Pests infect all parts of the plant and weaken it, which leads to death. To successfully protect grapes from harmful organisms, diagnosis, knowledge of biological and environmental characteristics, the level of harmfulness, as well as the correct choice and use of plant protection products are necessary.