bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Rare Earth Additions on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al7Si0.3Mg Alloys Processed by Semi-Solid Die Casting and Gravity Die Casting
Authors: Li Long Fei , Li Da Quan , Luo Min , Zhang Yong Zhong , Kang Yong Lin , Zhu Qiang , Midson Stephen P.
Published: January 2019

Microstructures with fine globular grains and refined eutectic structures are important to enhance the mechanical properties of A356 alloys processed by semi-solid and gravity die casting. Rare earth (RE) additions have been shown to be capable of refining both the α-Al particles as well as modify the eutectic phase of alloys. In semi-solid die casting, Al7Si0.3Mg alloys with RE concentrations (0, 0.1 and 0.4 wt.%) were used to prepare semi-solid slurries using the SEED (Swirling Enthalpy Equilibrium Device) method, and subsequently semi-solid die cast. The same compositions of alloys were also applied to gravity die casting. The microstructure and mechanical properties of castings in two processes have been characterized. Compared to the grains produced in gravity die casting, globular grains with small size (260 μm) in the semi-solid die casting significantly enhance the UTS and elongation of alloys. Although the size of grains had no change with increasing RE concentrations in alloys. The Al-Si eutectics were changed to refined morphology with the 0.1 wt.% RE addition, which enhanced the ductility of alloys in two processes. When increasing the RE addition to 0.4 wt.%, the RE-rich phases precipitated at grain boundaries, which decreased the UTS and elongation of alloys.
Overageing Characteristics of Alloy A356 and Al-Mg-Si Casting Alloys
Authors: Daswa Pfarelo , Moller Heinrich , Govender Gonasagren
Published: January 2019

Al-Si-Mg casting alloys, such as Al-7Si-0.3Mg alloy A356, are heat treatable and can be precipitation hardened to the T6 temper condition. However, Al-Mg-Si casting alloys (5xx series) are generally not considered to be heat treatable. These 5xx series castings are known for good castability and good resistance to corrosion, especially in marine environments. This paper investigates the extent to which 5xx series alloys could possibly be artificially aged. The influences of artificial ageing time on the overageing characteristics of both Al-Mg-Si and A356 casting alloys have been studied. A356 aluminium alloy castings were produced using the CSIR rheo-high pressure die casting process (R-HPDC). Al-Mg-Si alloys were cast using permanent mould casting. The rate of overageing of these alloys is of importance for potential higher temperature applications. The overageing characteristics of Al-Mg-Si and A356 aluminium alloys have been investigated at an artificial ageing temperature of 190°C for ageing times up to 128 hours. It is shown that the rate of overageing of Al-Mg-Si casting alloys is lower than for alloy A356. This could possibly result in the use of these alloys in applications at temperatures that are higher than where alloy A356 can be employed. It also allows the possibility of using the 5xx series alloys as an alternative to other Al-alloys for R-HPDC applications.
Wear and Corrosion Behavior of Functionally Graded Semi-Solid 9Cr18Mo Steel
Authors: Wang Yong Jin , Song Ren Bo , Yanagimoto Jun , Li Ya Ping
Published: January 2019

A kind of 9Cr18Mo multidiameter shaft part was fabricated through a designed thixoforging set-up. As compared with conventional heat treatment specimen, wear and corrosion behavior of 9Cr18Mo thixoforging specimen were studied. The results showed the surface of 9Cr18Mo thixoforging specimen demonstrated fine wear and corrosion resistance. Thixoforging specimen exhibited functionally graded property with inner austenite particles and fine dendrite eutectic skin layer. At the skin layer, the former solidified liquid led to the concentration of alloying elements such as Cr and Mo. Besides, eutectic structure of secondary austenite and M7C3 carbide helped to improve the hardness. The high hardness of M7C3 carbide and high concentration of Cr, Mo elements at the edge skin layer contributed to reducing the delamination wear, abrasive wear and the appearance of oxidation. Even at higher wear load, relative sliding occurred at the wear surface, which avoided crack formation and chunk spalling. As compared with conventional heat treatment specimen, corrosion current density of thixoforging surface reduced, while corrosion potential increased. Thixoforging surface also exhibited passivation behavior and the corrosion resistance increased slightly. High concentration of Cr and Mo at the skin layer avoided the formation of chromium depleted zone. In view that wear and corrosion failure tend to occur at the surface of specimen, the thixoforging specimen with a wear and corrosion skin layer might provide a possibility for expanding the application fields of 9Cr18Mo steel.
Compartmentalized Response of IL-6/STAT3 Signaling in the Colonic Mucosa Mediates Colitis Development
Authors: Serrano Carolina , Galán Samuel , Rubio José F. , Candelario-Martínez Aurora , Montes-Gómez Alfredo E. , Chánez-Paredes Sandra , Cedillo-Barrón Leticia , Schnoor Michael , Meraz-Ríos Marco A. , Villegas-Sepúlveda Nicolás , Ortiz-Navarrete Vianney , Nava Porfirio
Published: January 2019

A single layer of polarized epithelial cells lining the colonic mucosa create a semipermeable barrier indispensable for gut homeostasis. The role of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) polarization in the maintenance of the epithelial homeostasis and in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases is not fully understood. In this review, now we report that IEC polarization plays an essential role in the regulation of IL-6/STAT3 signaling in the colonic mucosa. Our results demonstrate that autocrine STAT3 activation in IECs is mediated by the apical secretion of IL-6 in response to the basolateral stimulation with IFN-γ. This process relies on the presence of functional, IFN-γ−producing CD4+ T cells. In the absence of basolateral IFN-γ, the compartmentalization of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling is disrupted, and STAT3 is activated mainly in macrophages. Thus, in this study, we show that during inflammation, IFN-γ regulates IL-6/STAT3 signaling in IEC in the colonic mucosa.
Methods to prevent development of adductor muscle contraction during transurethral resection of lateral bladder wall tumors
Authors: Dagli Recai , Dadali Mumtaz
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Adductor muscle contraction may develop due to an electrical stimulus during transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT), and thus bladder wall perforation and vessel-nerve injuries may develop. Studies in the literature demonstrated that obturator nerve block (ONB) was performed with high success and low complication rates to prevent adductor muscle contraction by both urologists and anesthesiologists. However, we found no data suggesting how frequently ONB was used in current practice in urology clinics. We aimed to provide data about ONB and other methods used in current practice to prevent adductor spasm developing during TURBT surgery in urology clinics.

Material and methods

A 15-item questionnaire investigating the methods and ONB techniques used against adductor spasm during TURBT surgery was posted by email to urologists after being granted ethics board approval.

Results

One hundred seventy urologists completed and returned the forms. Urologists frequently used techniques such as lowering the cautery current (77.6%), immediate stepping on, and stepping off the foot switch (45.8%), decreasing the bladder volume (14.1%), and wall injections (4.7%). The ONB was used by 42 (24.7%) urologists and 22 anesthesiologists (12.9%); general anesthesia was preferred more often. No significant difference was detected in the comparison of the ONB methods or the institutions of the urologists (p = 0.51) and anesthesiologists (p = 0.07).

Conclusions

Urologists used different practices in accordance with their personal skills in the prevention of adductor muscle contraction in TURBT procedures. The ONB was preferred less and used less than general anesthesia and muscle relaxants by both urologists and anesthesiologists.
Do adjectives exhaust the personality lexicon?
A psycholexical study of the Lithuanian language
Authors: Ivanova Ana , Gorbaniuk Oleg , Blėkaitytė Dovilė , Dovydaitytė Eglė , Čepulienė Austėja A. , Mastauskaitė Greta , Ramanauskas Rokas , Jurgelytė Ugnė , Slapšinskaitė Ringailė
Published: January 2019

Background

The psycholexical approach is based on the assumption that the most important individual differences that people can observe have been encoded into the natural language. Thus, by studying the structure of these lexicons, we are able to identify individual differences that are universal across cultures as well as dimensions that are unique to some of them. The aim of the study was to develop a psycholexical taxonomy of the Lithuanian language including different parts of speech.

Participants and procedure

the authors analysed over 76,000 entries included in a dictionary of Lithuanian and identified 9625 person-descriptive terms: adjectives, attribute-nouns, type-nouns, and participles. The selected lexical material was classified by a team of six judges into 11 subcategories making up six higher-order categories. The authors performed the psychometric validity and consistency of the judges’ classification decisions.

Results

The analysis of proportions between types of lexical units describing dispositional traits showed that nearly 20.00% of terms in the personality lexicon did not have an adjectival form and were expressed by means of other – morphemically non-redundant – parts of speech.

Conclusions

The present study points to the necessity of taking into account various parts of speech describing dispositional traits in order to avoid the error of reductionism; it also contributes to the debate on universals in personality description. The results of the study can be used to determine the structure of the description of individual differences for the Lithuanian personality lexicon, for type-nouns or attribute-nouns, and for non-dispositional categories, including emotions, social effects, and worldview.
Love attitudes, psychological femininity and masculinity, Machiavellianism, narcissism, and emotional intelligence of rejectors in close relationships
Authors: Mandal Eugenia , Latusek Anna
Published: January 2019

Background

The aim of the study was to determine the discrepancies between people who tend to abandon their partners in close relationships and people who are involved in long-term relationships in: love attitudes (Ludus – game playing love, Eros – passionate love, Storge – friendship love, Pragma – practical love, Mania – possessive love, Agape – altruistic love), psychological femininity and masculinity, Machiavellianism, narcissism, and emotional intelligence.

Participants and procedure

The subjects included 60 adults who reject their partners in close relationships and a reference group of 60 adults who were involved in a close relationship. The participants had qualified as rejectors when they: described themselves as “rejectors”; declared that they were not in a romantic relationship or were in one that lasts no longer than one year, claimed that in their relationships history they had rejected their partners more often compared to when they had been rejected.
The measures were used: The Love Attitudes Scale, Sex Role Inventory, Narcissistic Personality Inventory, Test of Machiavellianism MACH IV, and Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire.

Results

The results showed that rejecters score higher on Ludus and Pragma but lower on Agape and Eros, in comparison with participants from the reference group. There is correlation between masculinity and the number of partners who were rejected by rejecters.

Conclusions

Love attitudes Ludus and Pragma predicted being a rejector in close relationships.
The mediation role of perceived social support in the relationship between interpersonal competence and self-esteem in married individuals
Authors: Baytemir Kemal , Demirtaş Ayşe Sibel , Yildiz Mehmet Ali
Published: January 2019

Background

The main purpose of this research is to examine the mediation role of perceived social support in the relationship between interpersonal competence and self-esteem in married individuals.

Participants and procedure

The study group of the research consisted of a total of 237 married individuals, 117 females and 120 males aged from 18 to 65. The mean age of participants in the study was 39.34 (SD = 9.48). In order to gather data Interpersonal Competence Scale, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used as measures.

Results

According to the results of this study, interpersonal competence predicts perceived social support and self-esteem, and perceived social support predicts self-esteem. Perceived social support, which is the main focus of the research, plays a partial mediation role in the relationship between interpersonal competence and self-esteem.

Conclusions

We think that when married individuals increase their interpersonal competencies they feel that they are able to communicate more effectively. A married individual who is able to build close relationships with family and friends, and who perceives support, will feel that they are not alone so they consider themselves as a person of worth and their self-esteem will increase.
Levels of personality organization and internal relational patterns
Authors: Soroko Emilia , Cierpiałkowska Lidia
Published: January 2019

Background

This study aimed to determine whether level of personality organization is associated with a relational pattern present in an autobiographical narrative about an important interpersonal relationship. The main goals were to explore whether and how the components of the internal relationship pattern, and whether and how the configurations of the components, are related to personality organization, when integrated personality organization (IPO) is taken into account.

Participants and procedure

Assessment of the relational patterns was based on the Core Conflictual Relationship Theme (CCRT) – wishes (WS), responses from others (RO), and responses of the self (RS) – as identified from participants’ self-narratives about important relationships (N = 90).

Results

One-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences between groups with different levels of personality organization, according to one wish of self (WS2 To oppose, hurt, control), five responses of others (RO4 Bad; RO5 Rejecting; RO6 Helpful; RO7 Likes me; RO8 Understanding), and three responses of self (RS1 Helpful; RS4 Oppose and hurt others; RS8 Anxious). Considering the configurations of WS + RO + RS, the results indicate that in the borderline personality organization (BPO) group, the WS Libidinal + RO Frustrating + RS Negative pattern is most prevalent, while in the neurotic personality organization (NPO) and IPO groups, the WS Libidinal + RO Fulfilling + RS Negative and the WS Libidinal + RO Fulfilling + RS Positive configurations are most frequent.

Conclusions

The study supports the thesis that component relationship patterns and their configurations might be related to personality organization. The main differences were found between BPO and IPO with NPO placed between them, in a way congruent with Kernberg’s theory.
Patterns of intentional faking in questionnaire-based study of psychopathy
Authors: Groth Jarosław , Kleka Paweł
Published: January 2019

Background

The aim of the study was to identify the patterns of two types of faking the results of a self-report study – faking good and faking bad – and to determine their relationships with the images obtained as a result of completing a questionnaire in accordance with the standard instructions and therefore regarded as subjectively true. We investigated faking resulting from a short-term attitude stemming from the presence of a particular theme in the context of the items of a questionnaire assessing psychopathic personality.

Participants and procedure

The results were collected in a population of participants (N = 173) of full legal age and without a criminal record. To examine the research problem, we used cluster analysis and Pearson’s r correlation coefficient. Calculations were performed in the R environment. The division of participants into homogeneous groups was based on the criterion of optimal breadth of the Silhouette index in accordance with the Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) method.

Results

Five separate patterns of faking good and three patterns of faking bad during self-report assessment were distinguished. Intergroup differences in traits and behaviors characteristic of psychopathy in the groups distinguished based on the pattern of faking bad were not found.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that the levels of traits and behavior patterns defining psychopathic personality are related to a particular profile produced as a result of faking good. The present study does not show the existence of a relationship between the level of psychopathy and any particular strategy of presenting oneself in a worse light.
Cross-cultural studies on the prevalence of personality disorders
Authors: Gawda Barbara
Published: January 2019

This article reviews cross-cultural research on personality disorders. The concept of personality disorders is discussed in terms of whether they are universal phenomena or specific to Western society. Then, research on the prevalence of personality disorders in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia is reviewed. The overall rates of the prevalence of personality disorders range from 2.40% to 20.00%. The data document that the prevalence of borderline and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders is the highest, especially in high-income countries. The cross-cultural differences in the prevalence of the specified personality disorders are explained by its influencing factors such as race, ethnicity, social requirements, and the dimension of individualism-collectivism. The occurrence of personality disorders across cultures suggests some degree of psychological unity, and in turn, similarities in the neurobiological mechanisms of personality disorders.
Exploring the Strategic Motivation of Internationalisation: Indonesian Contractors’ Perspectives
Authors: Utama Wahyudi P , Chan Albert PC , Zahoor Hafiz , Gao Ran , Peli Martalius
Published: January 2019

Although extensive research has been carried out on international construction, scant study in this domain exists which has paid attention to developing economies. The present study empirically investigates the above context from the perspective of one of the largest developing nations, Indonesia. Focus of this study is Indonesian contractors’ motivations to enter foreign marketplaces. An empirical approach integrating quantitative and qualitative techniques was adopted to address the research question. The primary data were collected through questionnaires distributed to large Indonesian contractors. Descriptive statistical method and relative importance index (RII) were employed for data analysis. In the discussion the survey results were triangulated with the interview findings. The results clarify that the reason to pursue overseas projects was motivated by multiple-motivations rather than a single one. The major motivations were to increase profitability, to benefit competitive advantage, to expand business, to capitalize on globalization/free trade regions, to respond to project sponsor’s invitation and to gain international experience. An implication of these findings is that the existing condition of the companies should be taken into consideration when measuring companies’ motivation levels in pursuing overseas projects.
Dynamic Representation of Barriers for Adopting Building Information Modelling in Malaysian Tertiary Education
Authors: Belayutham Sheila , Zabidin Nadia Safura , Che Ibrahim Che Khairil Izam
Published: January 2019

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is deemed to shape the future of the construction sector across the world. At present, the lack of BIM in tertiary education has been the rising concern around the world as the demand for BIM talent increases. The current landscape suggests that few pedagogic researches have been undertaken to advance BIM education, particularly in Malaysia. BIM implementation could only be possible by identifying the potential barriers, which is a basic pre-requisite for successful adoption of BIM. Unfortunately, previous studies on the barriers of BIM adoption have often based on theoretical constructs, which are deterministic in nature. The methodology used could not portray a conclusive correlation of causal relations among the variables, creating difficulty in developing holistic and workable solutions. Therefore, this study aims to develop a methodology that provides a dynamic representation of the barriers in implementing BIM in tertiary education. The methodology combines both the deterministic (feedback from questionnaire survey) and dynamic approach (causal loop diagram). Data was first collected and analysed through a questionnaire survey administered among lecturers from selected Malaysian universities. Following that, a dynamic systems approach (causal loop diagram) was used to demonstrate the complex nature and interrelationship of the barriers for a more holistic representation. Results from the deterministic analysis has suggested barriers that relate to technology, while findings from the dynamics has identified the people aspect as the core barrier for BIM adoption. This study has contributed in establishing a methodology that integrates the dynamic approach with the deterministic data towards providing a more holistic representation of a system that further enables the identification of holistic solutions that would address the core barriers inhibiting the implementation of BIM education, particularly at Malaysian Universities.
Quantification and evaluation of atmospheric pollutant emissions from open biomass burning with multiple methods: a case study for the Yangtze River Delta region, China
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhao Yu
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Air pollutant emissions from open biomass burning (OBB) in the
Yangtze River Delta (YRD) were estimated for 2005–2015 using three
(traditional bottom-up, fire radiative power (FRP), and constraining)
approaches, and the differences among those methods and their sources were
analyzed. The species included PM10, PM2.5, organic carbon (OC),
elemental carbon (EC), CH4, non-methane volatile organic compounds
(NMVOCs), CO, CO2, NOx, SO2 and NH3.
The interannual trends in emissions with FRP-based and constraining methods
were similar to the fire counts in 2005–2012, while those with the
traditional method were not. For most years, emissions of all species
estimated with the constraining method were smaller than those with the
traditional method except for NMVOCs, while they were larger than those with
the FRP-based method except for EC, CH4 and NH3. Such
discrepancies result mainly from different masses of crop residue burned in
the field (CRBF) estimated in the three methods. Chemistry transport modeling
(CTM) was applied using the three OBB inventories. The simulated PM10
concentrations with constrained emissions were closest to the available
observations, implying that the constraining method provided the best
emission estimates. CO emissions in the three methods were compared with
other studies. Similar temporal variations were found for the constrained
emissions, FRP-based emissions, GFASv1.0 and GFEDv4.1s, with the largest and
the lowest emissions estimated for 2012 and 2006, respectively. The temporal
variations in the emissions based on the traditional method, GFEDv3.0, and
the method of Xia et al. (2016) were different. The constrained CO emissions
in this study were commonly smaller than those based on the traditional
bottom-up method and larger than those based on burned area or FRP in other
studies. In particular, the constrained emissions were close to GFEDv4.1s
that contained emissions from small fires. The contributions of OBB to two
particulate pollution events in 2010 and 2012 were analyzed with the
brute-force method. Attributed to varied OBB emissions and meteorology, the
average contribution of OBB to PM10 concentrations in 8–14 June 2012
was estimated at 37.6 % (56.7 µg m−3), larger than that
in 17–24 June 2010 at 21.8 % (24.0 µg m−3). Influences
of diurnal curves of OBB emissions and meteorology on air pollution caused by
OBB were evaluated by designing simulation scenarios, and the results
suggested that air pollution caused by OBB would become heavier if the
meteorological conditions were unfavorable and that more attention should be
paid to the OBB control at night. Quantified with Monte Carlo simulation, the
uncertainty of the traditional bottom-up inventory was smaller than that of
the FRP-based one. The percentages of CRBF and emission factors were the main
source of uncertainty for the two approaches. Further improvement on CTM for
OBB events would help better constrain OBB emissions.
Emissions of CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs from India
Authors: Say Daniel , Ganesan Anita L. , Lunt Mark F. , Rigby Matthew , O'Doherty Simon , Harth Chris , Manning Alistair J. , Krummel Paul B. , Bauguitte Stephane
Published: January 2019

Abstract. As the second most populous country and third fastest growing economy, India has emerged as a global economic power. As such, its emissions of greenhouse and ozone-depleting gases are of global significance. However, unlike neighbouring China, the Indian sub-continent is very poorly monitored by existing measurement networks. Of the greenhouse/ozone-depleting gases, India's emissions of synthetic halocarbons (here defined as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)) are not well-known. Previous measurements from the region have been obtained at observatories many hundreds of miles from source regions, or at high altitudes, limiting their value for the estimation of regional emission rates. Given the projected rapid growth in demand for refrigerants in India, emission estimates of these halocarbons are urgently needed, to provide a benchmark against which future changes can be evaluated. In this study, we report the first atmospheric-measurement derived emissions of the ozone-depleting CFCs and HCFCs, and potent greenhouse gas HFCs from India. Air samples were collected at low-altitude during a 2-month aircraft campaign between June and July 2016. Emissions were derived from measurements of these samples using an inverse modelling framework and evaluated to assess India's progress in phasing out ozone-depleting substances (ODS) under the Montreal Protocol. Our CFC estimates show that India contributed 52 (26–83) Tg CO2eq yr−1, which were 7 (4–12) % of global emissions in 2016. HCFC-22 emissions at 7.8 (6.0–9.9) Gg yr−1 were of similar magnitude to emissions of HFC-134a (8.2 (6.1–10.7) Gg yr−1), suggesting that India used a range of HCFC and HFC refrigerants in 2016. We estimated India's HFC-23 emissions to be 1.2 (0.9–1.5) Gg yr−1 and our results are consistent with resumed venting of HFC-23 by HCFC-22 manufacturers following the discontinuation of funding for abatement under the Clean Development Mechanism. We report small emissions of HFC-32 and HFC-143a and provide evidence that HFC-32 emissions were primarily due to fugitive emissions during manufacturing processes. Lack of significant correlation among HFC species and the small emissions derived for HFC-32 and HFC-143a indicate that in 2016, India's use of refrigerant blends R-410A, R-404A and R-507A was limited, despite extensive consumption elsewhere in the world.
The weather behind the words. New methodologies for integrated hydrometeorological reconstruction through documentary sources
Authors: Gil-Guirado Salvador , Gómez-Navarro Juan José , Montávez Juan Pedro
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The historical climatology has remarkable potentialities to produce climatic reconstructions with high temporal resolution. However, there are methodological limitations that hinder the spatial development of this discipline. This study presents a new approach to Historical Climatology that overcomes some of the limitations of classical approaches such as the Rogations Method or the Content Analysis: the Cost Opportunity for Small Towns (COST). It analyses historical documents and takes advantage of all sort of meteorological information available in the written documents, not only the most severe events, thereby overcoming the most prominent bottleneck of former approaches. COST relies on the fact that the use paper had a high cost, so its use to describe meteorological conditions is hypothesized to be proportional to the impact they had on society. To prove the validity of this approach to reconstruct climate conditions, this article uses exemplarily the Municipal Chapter Acts of a small town in Southern Spain (Caravaca de la Cruz), which span the period 1600–1900, and allow to obtain reconstructions with monthly resolution. Using the same documentary source, the three approaches have been used to derive respective climate reconstructions, which are then compared to assess the consistency of the climate signal and identify possible caveats in the methods. The three approaches lead to generally coherent series of secular variability in the hydrological conditions and that agree well with the results pointed out by previous studies. Still, COST approach is arguably more objective and less affected by changes in the societal behavior, which allows it to perform comparative studies in regions with different languages and traditions.
Two multi-temporal datasets that track the enhanced landsliding after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
Authors: Fan Xuanmei , Scaringi Gianvito , Domènech Guillem , Yang Fan , Guo Xiaojun , Dai Lanxin , He Chaoyang , Xu Qiang , Huang Runqiu
Published: January 2019

Abstract. We release two datasets that track the enhanced landsliding induced by the
2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake over a portion of the Longmen
Mountains, at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (Sichuan, China). The
first dataset is a geo-referenced multi-temporal polygon-based inventory of
pre- and coseismic landslides, post-seismic remobilisations of coseismic
landslide debris and post-seismic landslides (new failures). It covers
471 km2 in the earthquake's epicentral area, from 2005 to 2018. The
second dataset records the debris flows that occurred from 2008 to 2017 in a
larger area (∼17 000 km2), together with information on their
triggering rainfall as recorded by a network of rain gauges. For some
well-monitored events, we provide more detailed data on rainfall, discharge,
flow depth and density. The datasets can be used to analyse, on various
scales, the patterns of landsliding caused by the earthquake. They can be
compared to inventories of landslides triggered by past or new earthquakes or
by other triggers to reveal common or distinctive controlling factors. To our
knowledge, no other inventories that track the temporal evolution of
earthquake-induced mass wasting have been made freely available thus far. Our
datasets can be accessed from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1405489.
We also encourage other researchers to share their datasets to facilitate
research on post-seismic geological hazards.
The impact of drought on the productivity of two rainfed crops in Spain
Authors: Peña-Gallardo Marina , Vicente-Serrano Sergio Martín , Domínguez-Castro Fernando , Beguería Santiago
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Drought events are of great importance in most Mediterranean climate regions because of the diverse and costly impacts they have in various economic sectors and on the environment. The effects of this natural hazard on rainfed crops are particularly evident. In this study the impacts of drought on two representative rainfed crops in Spain (wheat and barley) were assessed. As the agriculture sector is vulnerable to climate, it is especially important to identify the most appropriate tools for monitoring the impact of the weather on crops, and particularly the impact of drought. Drought indices are the most effective tool for that purpose. Various drought indices have been used to assess the influence of drought on crop yields in Spain, including the standardized precipitation and evapotranspiration index (SPEI), the standardized precipitation index (SPI), the Palmer drought indices (PDSI, Z-Index, PHDI, PMDI), and the standardized Palmer drought index (SPDI). Two sets of crop yield data at different spatial scales and temporal periods were used in the analysis. The results showed that drought indices calculated at different time scales (SPI, SPEI) most closely correlated with crop yield. The results also suggested that different patterns of yield response to drought occurred depending on the region, period of the year, and the drought time scale. The differing responses across the country were related to season and the magnitude of various climate variables.
Regional circulation patterns of Mediterranean Outflow Water near
the Iberian and African continental slopes
Authors: Pascual-Collar Álvaro de , García-Sotillo Marcos , Levier Bruno , Aznar Roland , Lorente Pablo , Amo Arancha , Fanjul Enrique
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) is a dense water mass originated in the Gibraltar Straight. After exiting the Gulf of Cadiz, the MOW forms a reservoir region west of the Iberian continental slopes with a buoyant depth of approximately 1000 m depth. This region is a key role as the main centre where the MOW is mixed and distributed into the North Atlantic. The seafloor in this area is characterised by the presence of a complex bathymetry with three abyssal plains separated by mountain chains. Despite of this topographic features does not reach the surface, they influence ocean flows at intermediate and deep ocean layers conditioning the distribution and circulation of MOW. The CMEMS IBI ocean reanalysis is used to provide a detailed view of the circulation and mixing processes of MOW near the Iberian and African Continental slopes. This work emphasizes the relevance of the complex bathymetric features defining the circulation processes of MOW in this region. The high resolution of the IBI reanalysis allows to make a description of the meso-scale features forced by the topography. The temperature, salinity, velocity, transport, and vorticity fields are analysed to understand the circulation patterns of MOW. The high-resolution circulation patterns found reveals that Horseshoe Basin and the continental slope near Cape Ghir are key areas controlling the mixing processes of MOW with the surrounding waters mases, mainly North Atlantic Central Water (NACW), and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW). The water masses variability is also analysed by means of composite analysis, results indicate the existence of a variability of the MOW tongue which retracts and expands westwards in opposition to the movement of the underlying North Atlantic Deep Water.
Brief communication: Pancake ice floe size distribution during the winter expansion of the Antarctic marginal ice zone
Authors: Alberello Alberto , Onorato Miguel , Bennetts Luke , Vichi Marcello , Eayrs Clare , MacHutchon Keith , Toffoli Alessandro
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The size distribution of pancake ice floes is calculated from images acquired
during a voyage to the Antarctic marginal ice zone in the winter expansion
season. Results show that 50 % of the sea ice area is made up of floes with
diameters of 2.3–4 m. The floe size distribution shows two distinct slopes
on either side of the 2.3–4 m range, neither of which conforms to a power
law. Following a relevant recent study, it is conjectured that the growth of
pancakes from frazil forms the distribution of small floes (D<2.3 m), and
welding of pancakes forms the distribution of large floes (D>4 m).
Brief communication: Supraglacial debris-cover changes
in the Caucasus Mountains
Authors: Tielidze Levan G. , Bolch Tobias , Wheate Roger D. , Kutuzov Stanislav S. , Lavrentiev Ivan I. , Zemp Michael
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Debris cover on glaciers can significantly alter melt, and hence, glacier mass balance and runoff. Debris coverage typically increases with shrinking glaciers. Here, we present data on debris cover and its changes for 559 glaciers located in different regions of the Greater Caucasus mountains based on 1986, 2000 and 2014 Landsat and SPOT images. Over this time period, the total glacier area decreased from 691.5 km2 to 590.0 km2 (0.52 % yr−1). Thereby, the debris covered area increased from ~ 11 to ~ 24 % on the northern, and from ~ 4 to 10 % on the southern macro-slope between 1986 and 2014. Overall, we found 18 % debris cover for the year 2014. With the glacier shrinkage, debris-covered area and the number of debris-covered glaciers increased as a function of elevation, slope, aspect, glacier morphological type, Little Ice Age moraines, and lithology.
Emprendimiento indígena, ¿Una dimensión económica del "Sumak Kawsay"?
Authors: Coral Guerrero Carmen Amelia
Published: January 2019

La población indígena mundial sufre pobreza y exclusión, y es escasa la literatura que aborda el componente económico desde su cosmovisión; en particular en América Latina desde la perspectiva del buen vivir. Los objetivos de este artículo son determinar los elementos económicos del Sumak Kawsay como una alternativa al desarrollo, y los aportes del emprendimiento indígena a su comunidad a través de una aproximación cualitativa en la Amazonía Ecuatoriana. Construimos nuestros resultados a raíz de información obtenida mediante la realización de 22 entrevistas semiestructuradas en el contexto de la cooperativa de 850 familias de la comunidad kiwcha Kallari, dedicada principalmente a la producción, comercialización y exportación de cacao orgánico y chocolate fino de aroma. La participación, la soberanía alimentaria y la lucha contra la pobreza son el resultado del trabajo conjunto de Kallari, lo que sirve de guía para otras comunidades indígenas para el fortalecimiento de sus organizaciones con planteamientos de periferia-centro. El estudio concluye con la importancia de la sostenibilidad del proyecto, llamando la atención a los gobiernos sobre la importancia de la participación política de las comunidades indígenas en la construcción de políticas públicas centradas en las necesidades específicas de sus territorios.
Bodies of Color, Bodies of Sorrow: On Resistant Sorrow, Aesthetic Unsettlement, and Becoming-With
Authors: Ortega Mariana
Published: January 2019

This article discusses sorrow in terms of its resistant possibilities. It describes bodies of color as ontological sites of sorrow in the context of racism and xenophobia. This sorrow, however, does not condemn these bodies to hopelessness and erasure. Rather, it may constitute a rupture with a present that fails to acknowledge racist and xenophobic practices. In addition, it connects sorrow to the kind of melancholia that bodies of color experience given their being-in-worlds that consider them unwanted, unworthy, and disposable. By way of photographic analysis, this article also presents the notion of aesthetic unsettlement in order to point to coalitional possibilities across experiences and histories of woundedness, melancholia, and sorrow.
Revisiting Translation Quality Assurance: A Comparative Analysis of Evaluation Principles between Student Translators and the Professional Trans-editor
Authors: Hu Wan
Published: January 2019

Evaluation is of paramount significance in the teaching and learning process. So is true with translation teaching andlearning. This study uses in-depth interview to qualitatively examine in which ways the student translators and theprofessional trans-editor, two important stakeholders in the learning process, evaluate the work of translation. It thensubsequently compares student translators’ and the professional trans-editor’s evaluation criteria in order to analyse thedifferences. This study also compares students’ pitfalls encountered during the translation process, providing studentswith invaluable resources to reflect on their own translation and then to improve their translation quality. Animplication of this study is that the interaction among students, professional trans-editor, and university lecturers mayultimately be beneficial to translator training.
Management of Extra-articular Deformity in the Setting of Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Sculco Peter K. , Kahlenberg Cynthia A. , Fragomen Austin T. , Rozbruch S. Robert
Published: January 2019

Extra-articular deformities of the femur and tibia in conjunction with advanced knee osteoarthritis pose unique challenges for the arthroplasty surgeon. Careful preoperative planning is needed to evaluate both the intra- and extra-articular deformities and to determine the best route to total knee arthroplasty. An intra-articular compensatory correction can typically be performed if the extra-articular deformity is distant from the joint or if preoperative templating shows that bony cuts do not interfere with ligamentous attachments. Staged osteotomy followed by arthroplasty is beneficial in severe cases in which bony cuts are excessive or would interfere with soft-tissue structures and in cases with leg-length discrepancy. Osteotomies can be performed percutaneously and fixed with intramedullary nails, external fixators, or plate and screw constructs. Ligamentous laxity after correction and risk of peroneal nerve injury are increased in extra-articular deformity cases and must be considered during the knee arthroplasty procedure with increased implant constraint and patient counseling, respectively. Computer-assisted navigation has an emerging role in total knee arthroplasty in patients with extra-articular deformity.
Elicitor-Induced Defense Response in Soybean Plants Challenged by Bemisia tabaci
Authors: Locateli Bruna Taiza , Cruz Mycheli Preuss da , Dalacosta Nean Locatelli , Oligine Karine Fuschter , Bertoldo Edson , Mazaro Sérgio Miguel , Haas Jucelaine , Potrich Michele , Favetti Caroline Isabella
Published: January 2019

The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is considered one of the world’s major agricultural pest groups, attacking a wide range of crop hosts and causing considerable crop loss. Understanding the interactions between whiteflies and host plants promotes the development of novel strategies for controlling whiteflies. This study aimed to evaluate the biochemical alterations caused by induced resistance in soybean plants, challenged by B. tabaci. The experiment was performed at the Federal University of Technology, Parana. Soybean seeds (cv. BRS 284) were sown in polyethylene pots in the greenhouse. The elicitors sprayed on the soybean leaves were: acibenzolar-S-Methyl (ASM-0.005%); Salicylic Acid (SA-2Mm); foliar phosphite (ULTRA K®-0.004%); Chitosan (CH-1%); and silicon (SI-0.25%); whilst the control group was sprayed with distilled water. Plants were infested with 50 adult whiteflies in the cages that were released after applying the treatments. At 0, 24, 48 and 96 hours after the beginning of the experiment, biochemical analyses of total proteins and the activity of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidases (PO), phenolic compounds, chitinase, and β-1,3-glucanase were made. The results showed that the application of elicitors increased the route of the phenylpropanoids with the activation of PAL and formation of phenolic compounds. It was also verified the activation of pathogenicity-related enzymes such as peroxidases and chitinase.
Corn Yield Intercropped With White Clover as Living Mulch
Authors: Adami Marcia Fernanda Franchin , Modolo Alcir José , Adami Paulo Fernando , Pitta Christiano Santos Rocha , Roncatto Eduardo , Batista Vanderson Vieira , Cassol Luis Cesar
Published: January 2019

Brazil southern region edaphoclimatic conditions allow farmers to grow perennial winter legumes. However, at summer, a seasonality occurs in the production of these species allowing the grown of annual crops such as corn. In this way, interference between white clover (Trifolium repens L.) living mulch and corn crop (Zea mays L.) was studied using a clover sward established after one and two growing season in relation to the usual system of corn grown over black oat straw aiming to study the relationships occurring in this intercrop, such as white clover herbicide suppression, competition and its nitrogen effects on corn yield as well as its potential to became perennial after corn harvest. White clover suppression management was established in the main plots and corn nitrogen fertilization (0, 60, 120, 180 kg ha-1) was performed in the subplots (4.2 × 8 m) in a randomized block design with four replications. White clover suppression managements were: (i) partial suppression achieved by mowing the plots at the corn seeding day; (ii) partial suppression achieved by mowing plus chemically broadcast application of 2.4-D; (iii) partial suppression achieved by a chemically broadcast application of glyphosate. Corn grain yields ranged from 3.0 to 12.2 Mg ha-1. Nitrogen input and herbicide management are important elements to reduce white clover competition and increase corn yield. It is possible to manage white clover as living mulch in corn with its full recovery after corn harvest without replanting. Clover with 1 cycle is easier suppressed than perennial clover sward and can be handled in intercropping with corn without affecting grain yield, with ability to resume growth in the next growing season.
Influence of Water-Miscible Cutting Fluids on Tool Wear Behavior of Different Coated HSS Tools in Hobbing
Authors: Matsuoka Hironori , Kubo Akio , Ono Hajime , Ryu Takahiro , Qiu Hua , Nakae Takashi
Published: January 2019

The present paper describes the influence of water-miscible cutting fluids on tool life (flank wear) and crater wear of various coated cutting tools and finished surface roughness, as compared with the cases of dry cutting and wet cutting using cutting oil in hobbing in an attempt to improve the working environment. Experiments were conducted by simulating hobbing by fly tool cutting on a milling machine. The following results were obtained. (1) In the case of an uncoated tool, cutting oil was more effective than dry cutting in reducing flank wear. Cutting oil and water-miscible cutting fluids were more effective in reducing flank wear than dry cutting using TiN- and TiAlN-coated tools. The use of water-miscible cutting fluids in conjunction with TiSiN- and AlCrSiN-coated tools prolongs tool life. (2) For all coated tools, the use of cutting oil or water-miscible cutting fluids were effective in reducing crater wear. Especially, water-miscible cutting fluids were effective for TiSiN- and AlCrSiN-coated tools. (3) Regarding the finished surface roughness, in the case of dry cutting, the finished surface roughness was similar for various types of coating films. When using cutting oil or a water-miscible cutting fluid, the finished surface roughness improved compared with dry cutting, independent of the type of coating film applied. The finished surface roughness obtained using water-miscible cutting fluid was approximately the same as or smaller than that obtained using cutting oil. (4) With respect to flank wear, crater wear, and finished surface roughness, the water-miscible cutting fluid of emulsion type containing a large amount of synthetic lubricating additives was suitable for the AlCrSiN-coated tool.