bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discrete Emotions Caused by Episodic Future Thinking: A Systematic Review With Narrative Synthesis
Authors: Bø Simen , Norman Elisabeth , Wolff Katharina
Published: June 2022

Engaging in episodic future thinking, where a person imagines a specific, personal future, influences decisions partly through evoking affective experiences. While there is a growing literature on how future thinking influences affect, few studies have assessed this effect on discrete emotions. In this systematic review, we examined studies assessing the effects of episodic future thinking on discrete emotions. The aim was to provide an overview of which emotions have been studied, the evidence for an effect of future thinking on emotions, and the characteristics of emotional, episodic future thoughts. We identified 12 experimental studies (N = 2825) and synthesized these narratively. Findings suggest that episodic future thinking has some influence on several different emotions, including happiness, anxiety, and sadness. While the effects for most emotions were inconsistent, consistent effects were found for enjoyment and compassion. Imagining positive, personal future events can evoke enjoyment. Similarly, imagining instances of helping others in the future can elicit compassion. We suggest possible explanations for why future thinking only consistently influences some discrete emotions, emphasizing the cognitive appraisals and behavioral functions associated with different discrete emotions. We provide suggestions for empirically assessing effects of episodic future thinking on discrete emotions in future research.
Medida simultánea de rotaciones y traslaciones de un objeto en el plano a partir de la información de fase de una rejilla radial
Authors: Galindo Vega Luis Alejandro , Ramírez Prieto Camilo Andrés , Meneses Fonseca Jaime Enrique , Barrero Pérez Jaime Guillermo
Published: June 2022

En este artículo se presenta una estrategia que permite determinar de forma simultánea la posición y orientación de un objeto en el plano. El método consiste en analizar un sistema de franjas radiales adherido al objeto y por medio de procesamiento digital de imágenes determinar su fase. Este proceso requiere determinar con precisión subpixel las coordenadas del centro y el eje radial de las franjas. Se emplea el método de la Transformada de Fourier y se realiza la transformación de coordenadas rectangulares a radiales se puede calcular la fase y el centro del sistema de franjas. De esta manera, la fase del sistema de franjas radiales se utiliza como elemento codificador para la medida de posiciones angulares y posiciones del objeto en el plano. Evaluaciones experimentales demuestran que la técnica desarrollada tiene precisión sub-pixel al evaluar desplazamientos y rotaciones de un objeto en el plano. Se evalúa el error introducido en el cálculo de posición angular y desplazamiento del objeto. El estudio de la influencia de los parámetros del sistema de franjas radiales permitió establecer que el tamaño y la cantidad de franjas son factores determinantes para que el método presente un mínimo error.
Modelado del proceso de gasificación de biomasa para aprovechamiento energético: una revisión al estado del arte
Authors: Castellanos José Ulises , Sierra Vargas Fabio Emiro , Guerrero Fajardo Carlos Alberto
Published: June 2022

El análisis del uso de biomasa como fuente de energía y el desarrollo de las investigaciones relacionadas con el proceso de gasificación; han originado el planteamiento de diversos modelos para explicar y entender este complejo proceso, tanto en su diseño, como en su simulación, optimización y análisis; los cuales van encaminados a satisfacer la necesidad de cuantificar la producción de energía y su eficiencia. Este artículo presenta un análisis de varios modelos de gasificación basados en el equilibrio termodinámico, la cinética y control basado en redes neuronales artificiales.
Decreased Hospital Visits and Increased Mortality Rate in Emergency Department during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Albania
Authors: Bucaj Jorgjia , Mechili Enkeleint A. , Galanis Petros , Mersini Bruna , Nika Sonila , Hoxhaj Inis , Likaj Stefano , Patelarou Athina E. , Patelarou Evridiki
Published: June 2022

Objective: To investigate the hospital visits and mortality rate during the COVID-19 in emergency department of Vlora regional hospital in Albania and to compare with the three previous years (2017–2019).  Methods: Secondary data of patients that visited emergency department of Vlora Regional hospital Albania (largest hospital in the south of the country), since January 1, 2017 till December 31, 2020. This is a retrospective study. We used the hard copy of the patients’ health register records. The data extraction was conducted during March 2021 till June 2021. Eligible were all patients admitted and recorded in the registry of the emergency department. The causes of admission were categorized in 14 different disease categories. All registered patients admitted to the Vlora regional hospital were included in the study. Results: Study population included 44,917 patients during 2017–2020. Mean age of patients was 51.5 years, while 53.6% were females. The highest number of patients was in 2017 (n=12,407) and the lowest in 2020 (n=9,266). Increase of patients presented with cardiovascular, psychiatric and renal/urinary tract was observed in 2020 in comparison to 2019. Patients decreased over time with an average annual percent decrease of 7% (p-value=0.22). Joinpoint analysis revealed that mortality rate increased over time with an average annual percent increase of 34.3% (95% confidence interval=42.7% to 214.8%, p-value=0.27). Conclusions: The number of patients visiting emergency department decreased while mortality rate increased. Educating and raising awareness of patient to seek medical assistance should be a key objective of health policy makers and health personnel.
Tecnologias educacionais no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Silveira Lisiane Corrêa Gomes , Ribeiro Luis Otoni Meireles
Published: June 2022

A pandemia ocasionada pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19) levou à suspensão de atividades presenciais nos ambientes escolares. Com isso, a Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (UNESCO) recomendou o uso de tecnologias educacionais conectadas à internet para a continuidade das atividades de ensino e aprendizagem, prática adotada em diversas instituições. Igualmente inseridos neste contexto, estudantes com deficiência podem necessitar de materiais e softwares adaptados para apoiar a aprendizagem remota. Levando-se em conta que a pandemia de COVID-19 terá impactos na educação por tempo ainda indeterminado, torna-se relevante produzir tecnologias educacionais inclusivas. Sendo assim, este estudo, de abordagem qualitativa e caráter exploratório, teve por objetivo elaborar um guia de diretrizes para o design de interfaces de aplicativos educacionais em dispositivos móveis para crianças autistas. Como resultado dos procedimentos metodológicos, o guia pretende colaborar na melhoria de usabilidade e acessibilidade de novos aplicativos, de modo a favorecer uma boa experiência do usuário com autismo, minimizando barreiras e eventuais dificuldades na aprendizagem.
Palavras-chave: COVID-19; Tecnologias educacionais; autismo; aplicativos; design de interface.
First record of Caromiobenella helgolandica (Claus, 1863) (Copepoda, Monstrilloida) from the Saudi waters of the Arabian Gulf
Authors: Thomas Biji , Manikandan Karuppasamy , Qurban Mohammed , Clardy Todd , Sundaramanickam Arumugam , Suarez-Morales Eduardo
Published: June 2022

Caromiobenella helgolandica (Claus, 1863), a presumedly widespread monstrilloid copepod, is reported for the first time from Saudi waters of the Arabian Gulf; only females were found in zooplankton samples collected from Tarut Bay in the Arabian Gulf. Caromiobenella Jeon, Lee, & Soh, 2018 is a recently described genus that is distinguished by having modified male antennules. The nauplii of monstrilloid copepods are endoparasitic on molluscs and polychaetes, while the adults are free-living reproductive forms. This study is an unprecedented record of C. helgolandica from the Arabian Gulf region.
Making sense of the ‘Word of God’ and ‘fundamental doctrines’: The questions and Formula in Church of Scotland ordination and setting-apart
Authors: Drummond Brian
Published: June 2022

This article considers references to the ‘Word of God’ and ‘fundamental doctrines’ in the Formula and questions used in ordaining ministers, elders and deacons, and in setting apart readers. History and research suggest that ‘contained in’ has different meanings in two of the questions, and ‘fundamental doctrines’ means some but not all of the Westminster Confession of Faith doctrines, together with some doctrines on which that Confession is silent. A 1935 statement helps clarify what doctrines are ‘fundamental’, as do a 1992 statement, and the first 1926 Article Declaratory. The little-known 1935 statement is included as an Appendix.Note: This paper was not part of the original conference and does not necessarily reflect the views of the Theological Forum.
Kastamonulu Osmanlı Âlimi Ballıklızade Ahmed Mâhir Efendi (1860-1925) ve Tefsirciliği
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN BAŞER Hatice Merve
Published: June 2022

Son dönem Osmanlı âlimlerinden olan 1860/70 Kastamonu doğumlu Ahmed Mâhir Efendi “Ballıklızâde” lakabıyla tanınmaktadır. O, 19. yüzyılda, Batı’nın pek çok yönde ilerleme gösterdiği ve Osmanlı’nın ise yaptığı ıslahatların yanında toprak kaybetmeye başladığı Meşrutiyet döneminde yaşamıştır. Âlim Ahmed Hicâbî’den dersler almasının ardından kendisi de dersler vererek pek çok öğrenci yetiştirmiş, Dâru’l-Fünûn İlahiyât Fakültesi ve Medresetü’l-Vâizîn’de on üç yıl tefsir ve kelam dersleri okutmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra Yargıtay üyeliği, hâkimlik ve milletvekilliği yapmış olan âlim, siyasi bir kişilik olarak da karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Yayınlanan dört eseri bulunan Mâhir Efendi, Kastamonu’nun dini, siyasi, edebi alanlarda yetiştirdiği önemli şahsiyetlerdendir. Bu çalışmada öncelikle Meşrutiyet Dönemi ve bu dönemde tefsir ilminin konumu ele alınmıştır. İkinci olarak Ahmed Mâhir’in hayatına dair bilgiler aktarıldıktan sonra “Mu’cizât-ı Kur’aniyye” ve “el-Fâtiha fî Tefsîri’l-Fâtiha” eserleri özelinde tefsirciliği incelenmiştir. Ahmed Mâhir’in hem siyasi hem de dini bir yönünün olması ve bugün elimizde ona dair dört eserin bulunuşu onun araştırılmasını önemli kılmaktadır. Onunla ilgili tasavvufi yönünün vurgulandığı bir doktora tezi ile aynı kişi tarafından hazırlanmış bir makale yine tasavvuf sahasında yazdığı eser ile alakalı iki yüksek lisans tezi yapılmıştır. Onun dışında hayatına ve eserlerine dair özlü bilgiler veren kaynaklar olsa da bazı biyografik ya da literatüre yönelik çalışmalarda verilen kısa bilgiler dışında “Mu’cizât-ı Kur’aniyye” ve “el-Fâtiha fî Tefsîri’l-Fâtiha” isimli eserlerinin akademik bir çalışmanın konusu olduğuna rastlamadık. Bu durum da bu çalışmayı önemli hale getirmiştir. İncelememiz neticesinde Ahmed Mâhir’in özellikle “Mu’cizât-ı Kur’aniyye” eserine, dönemindeki siyasi ya da dini olumsuz durumları taşıdığını tespit ettik. Kur’an’ın mükemmelliği ve her şeyi içerdiği düşüncesinden hareketle ayetleri, bu durumları düzeltmek için kullanmıştır. “el-Fâtiha fî Tefsîri’l-Fâtiha” eseri ise bize hem o dönem Osmanlı tefsir birikimin izlerini göstermede hem de bu âlimin tefsir, hadis, edebiyata dair ilmi geleneğe sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.
Afro-Amerikalı Yahudiler
Authors: KIZILABDULLAH Şahin
Published: June 2022

Amerika kıtasına Yahudilerin ulaşması, Kolomb dönemine kadar götürülmektedir. Güney Amerika’da, akabinde de İngiliz kolonilerinde Yahudiler varlık göstermiştir. Hali hazırda dünya üzerindeki Yahudilerin büyük bir kısmı da ABD’de yaşamaktadır. ABD’deki Yahudi oluşumları içinde özel bir yere sahip olan Siyahi Yahudiler, bu makale çerçevesinde ele alınmış, Afrika kökenli ve kendilerini İsariloğullarının torunları kabul eden bu oluşumların temel özellikleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Makalede ilk olarak Amerika’da Yahudilik hakkında kısa bir bilgi verilmiş, akabinde ise Siyahiler ile Yahudiler arasındaki münasebetler ele alınmıştır. Daha sonra Siyahi Yahudiler tarafından kurulan Yahudi gruplar ele alınmış, bu grupların diğer Yahudilerden farklı uygulama ve inançlarına değinilmiştir. Araştırma literatür taramasına dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Alternative vascular accesses in electrophysiological operating rooms: focus on the quality of life in the early postoperative period
Authors: Abdullaev A. M. , Davtyan K. V. , Kharlap M. S.
Published: June 2022

Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia, the incidence of which increases in parallel with the progressive aging of the population. Atrial fibrillation worsens the prognosis of patients and significantly reduces the quality of life. Improvement of the technical and methodological aspects of catheter procedures leads to their widespread introduction into clinical practice both for the prevention of embolic events and for rhythm control. The need to provide access to the main vessels, more often to the femoral veins, the use of large bore introducers, as well as aggressive regimens of antithrombotic therapy in the postoperative period, bring to the fore local complications of catheter procedures and necessitates to maintain a horizontal position to achieve stable hemostasis. The use of ultrasound imaging can significantly reduce the number of vascular events. However, long-term immobilization often leads to back pain, urinary retention, and infectious complications, which is more pronounced in the older patient population. In order to reduce the immobilization time, many hemostasis systems have been developed, which have disadvantages and require additional costs for the treatment of patients. In this regard, the development and introduction into clinical practice of novel vascular access types to improve the quality of life in the early postoperative period seems relevant. For this purpose, a randomized study is conducted, which compares the efficacy and safety of the distal femoral access, which makes it possible to activate patients as soon as possible after surgery.
Factors for early postoperative cognitive impairment in patients after coronary bypass surgery and carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Maleva O. V. , Sosnina A. S. , Uchasova E. G. , Ivanov S. V. , Trubnikova O. A. , Barbarash O. L.
Published: June 2022

Aim. To determine the relationship between perioperative factors and cognitive function in patients after coronary bypass grafting (CABG) in combination with unilateral carotid endarterectomy (CE).

Material and methods. We examined 56 men in the perioperative period with CABG combined with unilateral CE (mean age, 64,0±7,1 years). Cognitive assessment was performed before and 5-7 days after surgery with Status PF program. An advanced psychometric examination included an assessment of voluntary attention (Bourdon test), short-term memory (tests on memorizing 10 numbers, 10 words, and 10 syllables), neurodynamics (visual-motor reaction time, level of functional mobility of nervous processes, brain performance, as well as the number of errors in these tasks and missed positive signals). The concentration of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100β protein in the blood serum of patients before surgery, 24 hours and 5-7 days after surgery was determined using enzyme immunoassay.

Results. In the early postoperative period, an increase in reaction time (p=0,031) was accompanied by an increase in errors in this test (p=0,042) and a decrease in the number of memorized numbers (p=0,022). Twenty four hours and 5-7 days after surgery, there were no differences between the perioperative NSE level (p1-2-3>0.05). Twenty four hours after CABG surgery, the level of S100β protein increased by 9,0% (p=0,001), while regression of S100β protein to the preoperative level was observed 5-7 days after operation.

Conclusion. A relationship was found between the CABG factor and the attention level (r=-0,518; p=0,031), functional mobility reaction time (r=0,476; p=0,041), and the number of errors (r=0,449; p=0,032). A correlation was found between the factor of neurochemical markers, the number of processed letters on the 1st minute of Bourdon test (r=-0,642; p=0,014), the total number of processed letters in Bourdon test (r=-0,617; p=0,017). The combined factor of perioperative period was associated with functional mobility reaction time (r=0,609; p=0,041), the number of processed letters at 4 min (r=-0,490; p=0,017), and the total number of processed letters in the Bourdon test (r=-0,334; p=0,006).
Atherogenic index of plasma as an additional marker of adverse cardiovascular outcomes
Authors: Grinshtein Yu. I. , Shabalin V. V. , Ruf R. R. , Shalnova S. A. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: June 2022

Aim. Using a representative sample of the Krasnoyarsk Krai population, to evaluate the distribution of the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), logarithmically transformed ratio of molar concentrations of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and to identify  possible associations between AIP, various cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic parameters.

Material and methods. The study included a random representative sample of 1603 residents of the Krasnoyarsk and Berezovsky rural district aged 25-64 years as part of the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation (ESSE-RF) study. Statistical processing was performed using IBM SPSS v22 and Microsoft Excel 2021 programs. We assessed the prevalence of hypertension (HTN), coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and renal dysfunction in the whole sample and in groups with different risk depending on AIP. Differences between groups were tested by Yates’s chi-squared test and were considered significant at p≤0,05.

Results. Depending on AIP value, 73,5% of participants were in the low-risk group (AIP <0,10), 10,4% — in moderate risk group (AIP, 0,100,24) and 16,1% — in high-risk group (AIP>0,24). The prevalence of prior MI or stroke in the moderate and high-risk group for AIP was significantly higher than in the low-risk group (p=0,024). A regular increase in HTN prevalence was registered from 42,6% in the lowrisk group to 71,4% in the high-risk group for AIP (p<0,001 for all). There was a significant increase in the proportion of patients with a combination of HTN + elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels as AIP risk increased — from 28,4% at low risk to 45,2% at high risk. There were no significant differences between AIP risk groups in the prevalence of coronary artery disease and renal dysfunction.

Conclusion. AIP is a simple additional estimated parameter that characterizes the atherogenic properties of plasma. Based on a cohort of Krasnoyarsk Krai subjects, an elevated level of AIP is associated with an increased prevalence of MI and strokes. Determination of AIP may be especially useful in the case of normal baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
Right ventricular dysfunction during chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Sumin A. N. , Slepynina Yu. S. , Shcheglova А. V. , Ivanova A. V. , Polikutina O. M.
Published: June 2022

Aim. To assess the right ventricle (RV) during chemotherapy (CT) in patients with breast cancer (BC).

Material and methods. The study included 40 women aged 35-72 years with BC who underwent anthracycline chemotherapy. The main group (n=40) included women with BC, examined at the first contact, 37 of whom were reexamined after 6 months. Control group (n=25) included women without BC.

Results. In the main group, the median transverse dimension and anterior wall thickness of the RV were significantly greater than in the control group (p<0,001). Early diastolic transtricuspid flow velocity (Et) after 6 months was lower than in the control group (p=0,003). The ratio of Et to late (At) diastolic transtricuspid flow (Et/At) in BC patients significantly decreased during the follow-up period (p<0,05) when compared with the control group and baseline values. Higher values of Tei index were noted in the main group compared to the control one (p<0,05). Using logistic regression for the Tei index, the model included radiation therapy, the total anthracycline dose, and negative affectivity score as follows: F(3,17)=12,548, p<0,001, R2=0,729. For the Et/At ratio, additional radiation therapy and heart rate were significant factors as follows: F(2,16)=12,548, p=0,005, R2=0,526.

Conclusion. Against the background of CT, deterioration of RV systolic (increase in Tei index and RV volume) and diastolic (decrease in Et and Et/At ratio) function was noted.
Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases in Regions of Russian Federation. Third survey (ESSE-RF-3). Rationale and study design
Authors: Drapkina O. M. , Shalnova S. A. , Imaeva A. E. , Balanova Yu. A. , Maksimov S. A. , Muromtseva G. A. , Kutsenko V. A. , Karamnova N. S. , Evstifeeva S. E. , Kapustina A. V. , Yarovaya E. B. , Litinskaya O. A. , Pokrovskaya M. S. , Efimova I. A. , Borisova A. L. , Doludin Yu. V. , Kontsevaya A. V.
Published: June 2022

Previous studies have shown significant differences in the health status of the population depending on the place of residence. Despite the ongoing preventive measures, there is no improvement in the epidemiological situation in relation to noncommunicable diseases, including due to unfavorable living conditions. This study is a continuation of the following earlier studies: Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases in Regions of Russian Federation (ESSE-RF) and ESSE-RF-2.

Aim. To assess the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, various risk factors (RFs) of these diseases and their association in Russian regions with different economic, climate and geographic characteristics to determine the risk profile of the region and develop approaches to targeted prevention programs specific to the regions.

Material and methods. The study selected 30 regions representing each federal district of the Russian Federation. The survey of participants is carried out in three stages as follows: survey using an original modular questionnaire; measurements, including anthropometry, hand grip strength test, blood pressure and heart rate assessment; blood sampling, followed by biobanking and laboratory tests.

Conclusion. The results obtained will allow deepening knowledge about the RF profile specific to a particular region, evaluating the effectiveness of preventive programs, and planning new ones taking into account regional and socio-demographic characteristics. This will become the basis for a better understanding of the socio-economic burden of noncommunicable diseases and the economic damage of RFs.
Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles using extracts of Coldenia Procumbens
Authors: Sathish V , Roshini G , Priyanka E , Tamilarasi A , Manigandan S
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study to obtain copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) through a method of green synthesis that involves using plant extract of Coldenia Procumbens. Cu NPs were successfully synthesized using the green synthesis method in the experiments performed. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis)
spectrophotometry of the characteristics of the acquired Cu NPs was performed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Xray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR). It was found that the results of the SEM and XRD measurements that acquired the Cu NPs were in
the size of 50 nm. Absorption peak at 283 nm and 483 nm were observed by UV of Cu NPs. Afterwards, the antibacterial activities of these nanoparticles were measured, and it was understood from the obtained results that Cu NPs have both antibacterial and antimicrobial activities.
Innovation realisation for digitalising Dutch small architecture practices: state of the art review
Authors: Geoghegan Hugh James , Jensen Frederik Winther , Kershaw Tristan , Codinhoto Ricardo
Published: June 2022

Advancing digitalisation and sustainability is a worldwide priority for the construction sector. With intertwined agendas, digitalisation enables the achievement of sustainable outcomes. That is the case of EU initiatives exploring building information modelling (BIM) as a facilitator to circular economy (CE). Thus, standardising BIM implementation through the ISO 19650 information requirements represents a stepping stone towards CE and achieving better sustainable outcomes. Concerning standardisation, a unified digitalisation vision is under development for the European public sector as part of the European Green Deal. However, the EU has already identified that the proposed digitalisation approach had limited effect on extensively achieving sustainable outcomes. Among the issues is the high complexity that hinders small to medium-sized enterprise (SME) construction organisations from contributing. This problem is exacerbated by the limited amount of published scientific research evidence explaining how SMEs incorporate resource-hungry digital processes into their resource-limited business models. Therefore, to understand better the digitalisation for sustainability success cases within European SMEs, this paper presents the results of a state-of-the-art literature review of academic articles, followed by a state-of-evidence review of grey literature. The focus of the review is Dutch small architectural practices (SAPs). The results highlight the importance of project information requirements for SMEs and the multifaceted digitalisation challenges experienced by SAPs and building design SMEs. This paper also suggests future research areas focusing on innovation realisation.
Family with a child with a mental disability and the possibility of intervention through the therapy
Authors: Orieščiková Helena
Published: June 2022

Nowadays, the logotherapeutic knowledge is most often used in the form of counseling, treatment, psychotherapy and psychotherapy within the age category of children. Each of these forms contributes to the self-development of clients in a certain way. In Slovakia, there is as much interest as possible in the use of logotherapeutic services from a higher age category. It thus enters the realms of people's consciousness. Although there are currently not many well-trained logotherapists working, interest in its services is constantly growing. This fact may be due to the spiritual component that Frankl "put" into the psychotherapy system. The current state of logotherapy in Slovakia could therefore be called the word "bloom" or development. The presented article was realized in cooperation with J. Ďuračinský, who devoted himself to the empirical part.
Accreditation procedures as a factor of quality assurance of higher education in Germany
Authors: Zayachuk Yuliya , Yamelynets Mariana
Published: June 2022

The article presents an analysis of the accreditation procedures launched in higher education system in Germany during current period, and accents that accreditation procedures are significant factor in ensuring the quality of higher education in Germany at present time. The article considers that the term “accreditation” means the formal recognition of an educational program or institution of higher education by an authorized external body on the basis of an established procedure. The article reveals that in Germany, the accreditation system is organized on the principle of decentralization. It also reveals that in current period there are four types of accreditations in Germany, namely program accreditation, cluster accreditation, institutional accreditation, and system accreditation.The article discusses that accreditation system in Germany has three levels, namely the Conference of Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs of Federal Lands of Germany, the Accreditation Council, the Accreditation agencies. It is shown that the Accreditation Council assumes its overall responsibility for the accreditation system by ensuring the consistency and coherence of its accreditation decisions, supporting the states in the further development of the German quality management system, promoting international cooperation in the field of accreditation and quality assurance, and contributing to the realization of a common European Higher Education Area. It is also shown that the Accreditation Council of Germany recognizes ten agencies including eight from Germany, one from Austria, and one from Switzerland. Accreditation agencies are independent, they develop educational standards, criteria and procedures used by independent experts. It has been proven that accreditation agencies, which have already received permission from the Accreditation Council to carry out their activities, conduct accreditation of educational programs and internal quality assurance systems in universities.Special emphasis in the article is done on the analysis of accreditation agencies registered in Germany, namely ACQUIN, AHPGS, AKAST, AQAS, ASIIN, EVALAG, FIBAA, ZEvA. The article highlights that the main purpose of quality assurance agencies is to help to create high-quality educational programs in various fields, rather than meticulous bureaucratic procedures as well as that accreditation itself is less controlling in nature, and more focused on development of entire university.
Sicarii by Flavius Josephus. Premodern terrorists or the founding myth of modern Israel?
Authors: Bobkier Robert , Herman Piotr
Published: June 2022

Contemporary international terrorism differs a little from the acts of violence that took place in ancient history. The first known example of the use of political terrorism was Sicarii, a Jewish sect operating in Palestine and Egypt in the years 66–73 CE. Virtually all information about this group comes from Flavius Josephus, a first-century Romano-Jewish historian and military leader. The term sicarii itself has a Latin etymology and means murderers or assassins. It comes from the word sica, meaning dagger. It appeared in legal Latin in 81 BCE together with the Act Lex Cornelia de sicariis et veneficis, which was one of the first legal regulations in the field of serious organized crime. The Sicarii, however, fought in their own country with the intention of liberating it from the rule of a foreign power, Rome. To this day, it remains unresolved whether the Sicarii and Zealots belonged to the same political group that used terrorism for political purposes: killings, arson, poisoning water supplies, and even the seizure of the mountain fortress of Masada, ending in mass suicide. And the myth of the desperate courage of the defenders of Masada became the glue of the national consciousness of the citizens of the modern state of Israel.
Economic Restrictions during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Measures of Small Business Health
Authors: Dore Tim , Mach Traci
Published: June 2022

Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, state and local governments have instituted a wide array of restrictions on activity, easing or tightening these restrictions as concerns about transmission evolved. The particular choices that governments made could have large impacts on both public health and on economic prosperity. In this note, we provide evidence on the correlation between the level of these restrictions and a key component of the vitality of local economies, namely small businesses. We find that, in states with tighter restrictions, a greater proportion of small businesses generally reported levels of significantly curtailed operations than in states with looser restrictions throughout the pandemic, although this relationship weakens by the summer of 2021. In addition, states with tighter restrictions experienced a larger increase in small business loan default rates. At the same time, it appears that the Paycheck Protection Program helped to mitigate effects of government-imposed restrictions on small business health.
Understanding Bank Deposit Growth during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Castro Andrew , Cavallo Michele , Zarutskie Rebecca
Published: June 2022

A notable development in the U.S. banking system following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has been the rapid and sustained growth in aggregate bank deposits. Total deposits at domestic commercial banks rose by more than 35 percent since the end of 2019 and stood at around $18 trillion as of the fourth quarter of 2021.
Retail CBDC and U.S. Monetary Policy Implementation: A Stylized Balance Sheet Analysis
Authors: Malloy Matthew , Martinez Francis , Styczynski Mary-Frances , Thorp Alex
Published: June 2022

This paper discusses how a Federal Reserve issued retail central bank digital currency (CBDC) could affect U.S. monetary policy implementation. Using a stylized balance sheet analysis, we analyze the effect a retail CBDC could have on the balance sheets of the Federal Reserve, commercial banks, and U.S. households. Then we consider how these balance sheet changes could affect monetary policy implementation for the Federal Reserve. We illustrate that the potential effects on monetary policy implementation from a retail CBDC are highly dependent on the initial conditions of the Federal Reserve’s balance sheet. Moreover, the analysis demonstrates how the Federal Reserve may use its existing tools to manage the effects of a retail CBDC on monetary policy implementation.
Bubbles and Stagnation
Authors: Xavier Inês
Published: June 2022

This paper studies the consequences of asset bubbles for economies that are vulnerable to persistent stagnation. Stagnation is the result of a shortage of assets that creates an oversupply of savings and puts downward pressure on the level of interest rates. Once the zero lower bound on the nominal interest rate binds, the real rate cannot fully adjust downward, forcing output to fall instead. In such context, bubbles are useful as they expand the supply of assets, absorb excess savings and raise the natural interest rate - the real rate that is compatible with full employment - crowding in consumption and raising welfare. While safe bubbles are more likely to expand economic activity, riskier bubbles command a risk premium that, in equilibrium, lowers the real interest rate. A lower rate loosens borrowing constraints, potentially improving welfare when financing conditions are especially tight. Finally, fiscal policy that promises a bail-out transfer in case of a bubble collapse can support an existing bubble and improve welfare.
The transmission of financial shocks and leverage of financial institutions: An endogenous regime switching framework
Authors: Hubrich Kirstin , Waggoner Daniel
Published: June 2022

We conduct a novel empirical analysis of the role of leverage of financial institutions for the transmission of financial shocks to the macroeconomy. For that purpose we develop an endogenous regime-switching structural vector autoregressive model with time-varying transition probabilities that depend on the state of the economy. We propose new identification techniques for regime switching models. Recently developed theoretical models emphasize the role of bank balance sheets for the build-up of financial instabilities and the amplification of financial shocks. We build a market-based measure of leverage of financial institutions employing institution-level data and find empirical evidence that real effects of financial shocks are amplified by the leverage of financial institutions in the financial-constraint regime. We also find evidence of heterogeneity in how financial institutions, including depository financial institutions, global systemically important banks and selected nonbank financial institutions, affect the transmission of shocks to the macroeconomy. Our results confirm the leverage ratio as a useful indicator from a policy perspective.
The rising tide lifts some interest rates: climate change, natural disasters, and loan pricing
Authors: Correa Ricardo , He Ai , Herpfer Christoph , Lel Ugur
Published: June 2022

We investigate how corporate loan costs are affected by climate change-related natural disasters. We construct granular measures of borrowers’ exposure to natural disasters and then disentangle the direct effects of disasters from the effects of lenders updating their beliefs about the impact of future disasters. Following a climate change-related disaster, spreads on loans of at-risk, yet unaffected borrowers, spike and are amplified when attention to climate change is high. Weaker borrowers with the most extreme exposure to these disasters suffer the highest increase in spreads. Importantly, there is no such effect from disasters that are not aggravated by climate change.
Yeni Nesil Dizileme Verilerinin Analizinde Bulut Teknolojisi
Authors: KARABUDAK Sema , AKKUŞ Meryem Sena
Published: June 2022

Yeni nesil dizileme (YND) araçları, büyük miktarda veri üretme kapasitesine sahiptir ancak dizileme sonrası büyük ölçekli veri analizi için yeterli olmayan hesaplama ve depolama kapasitesi ile donatılmışlardır. Bulut bilişim altyapılarını kullanmak YND verilerinin analizi, depolanması ve aktarılması ile ilgili sorunlara alternatif bir seçenek olmuştur. Bulut bilişim, kullanıcılara dizileme verilerinin analizi için gerekli hesaplama kapasitesi ve bilişim altyapılarına erişim sunmakta ve biyoinformatik altyapıları için gerekli olan ön sermaye harcamalarının çoğunu ortadan kaldırmaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmada yeni nesil dizileme yöntemi ve dizileme verilerinin analizinde kullanılan bulut bilişim platformaları hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.
Nahiv İlminde Benzerlik Olgusu
Authors: İnanç Yunus
Published: June 2022

Arap dilcileri, Arapların dile özgü kullanımlarını derleme ve derlenen verilerden dil kurallarına ulaşma süreçlerinin ardından dil kuralları ile ilgili derinlikli tartışmalar içerisine girmişlerdir. Başlangıçta temel dil meseleleri üzerinde duran dilciler zamanla konular üzerinde daha detaylı açıklamalar yapacak düzeye gelmişlerdir. İlk aşamalarda öncelikli ve zorunlu bilgiler üzerinde yoğunlaşırlarken daha sonra gerek dil ilimleri ve gerekse diğer ilimlerdeki gelişmelere paralel olarak zorunlu ve temel bilgilerin arka planına eğilmişlerdir. Nahvin kavramsal çerçevesinin tamamlanmasıyla beraber dil konularını kavramlar üzerinden daha derinlikli olarak tartışmışlar ve dil kurallarının arka planında yatan ve dil kuralı ile ilgili hükmü doğrudan etkileyen gerekçeler üzerinde düşünce üretmişlerdir. Bu çerçevede illet kavramı ortaya çıkmıştır. Ancak dilciler dil kuralları ile ilgili birincil illetlerin izahı ile yetinmeyip gerekçe arayışını ileri düzeylere taşımışlardır. İllet esaslı çalışmalar esnasında nahiv kurallarının arka planında etkin olan ve dilcilerin açıklamalarında dikkat çeken olgulardan biri de benzerlik olgusu olmuştur. Normal şartlarda gramer bakımından etkinliği bulunmayan bir öge benzerlik olgusu sayesinde başka ögeler üzerinde etkide bulunur hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada bir illet olarak benzerlik olgusu asıl ve fer’ bağlamında ele alınacaktır.
Technological advances in obtaining, identifying and producing protein hydrolysates from fish residues by enzymatic action: bioactive and techno-functional properties, application in food, market and regulation
Authors: Espinoza Deyvis , Castillo Augusto
Published: June 2022

At present, numerous methodologies have been developed to obtain the maximum use of fish proteins, to satisfy human nutritional demand, this use has been made both from whole fish and from its residues or by-products (liver, head, skin, gonads, skeleton, and viscera) which represent up to 60% of the whole fish. Whole fish and by-products can potentially be used as sources of essential amino acids, collagen, gelatin, polyunsaturated lipids, and enzymes. Using enzymatic technology, protein hydrolysates have been obtained with ample potential for their application as ingredients in the development and production of fortified foods, due to their functional properties (antihypertensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory), which can reduce the risk of cancer, aging, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, these hydrolysates have important techno-functional properties (foaming, solubility, emulsification, gelation, water, and oil retention) that provide desirable technological characteristics for processing, storage and product quality, as well as for behavior during processing. and storage. This review analyzes the advances in the technology for obtaining, identifying, and producing fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) by enzymatic action, with an emphasis on fish residues, highlighting the application of FPH in food, market analysis and global regulations. It is recommended to continue the studies to optimize the enzymatic production of FPH to improve the flavor and its application in the fortification of mass consumption foods.
RETROGRADE İNTRARENAL CERRAHİ (RIRS): CERRAHİ DENEYİMİMİZ VE KLİNİK SONUÇLARIMIZ
Authors: ÇİFTECİ Tayfun , ÖZTÜRK Sefa Alperen , ERGÜN Osman , ÖZORAK Alper , OKSAY Taylan , SOYUPEK Sedat , KOŞAR Alim
Published: June 2022

Amaç

Üriner sistem taş hastalıkları ülkemizde ve dünyada

sık görülmektedir. Flexıble üreterorenoskop (flex

URS) ilk defa 1964 yılında Marshall tarafından tanımlanmıştır

ve ilerleyen teknoloji ile birlikte 1987 yılında

cerrahi teknik olarak kılavuzlarda yerini almıştır. Endikasyonları

hızla genişlemektedir. Bu çalışmamızda

kliniğimizde retrograde intrarenal cerrahi (RIRS) uygulanan

hastaların verileri retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Gereç ve Yöntem

Mart 2017 ile Ocak 2019 tarihleri arasında Süleyman

Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi (SDÜ) üroloji kliniğinde

RIRS yapılmış 106 hastanın demografik verileri,

taş boyutları, lokalizasyonları, skopi süresi, taşsızlık

oranları ve postoperatif komplikasyonlar retrospektif

olarak değerlendirildi. İşlem sonrası tüm hastalar 4

hafta sonra direkt üriner sistem grafisi ve bilgisayarlı

tomografi görüntüleme yöntemleriyle değerlendirildi.

Bulgular

RIRS uygulanan 106 hastanın (66 erkek, 40 kadın)

ortanca yaşı 52 (23-73) yıl olup, ortalama taş boyutu

13,9 (7-19) mm olarak hesaplandı. Ortalama operasyon

ve floroskopi süresi sırayla;74 (30-135) dakika,

62 (20-136) saniyedir. İşlem öncesinde hiçbir hastada

DJ kateteri yoktu ancak tüm hastalara işlem sonunda

DJ kateteri yerleştirildi ve kateter 4 hafta sonra lokal

anestezi altında çekildi. On bir (%10,3) olguda üreter

darlığı nedeniyle, 8(%7,5) olguda da rezidü taş

nedeniyle 2. seans yapıldı.RIRS yapılan taşların 19

(%17,9) üst kalikste, 9(%8,4) orta kalikste, 40 (%37,7)

alt kalikste, 38(%35,8) olguda renalpelviste olduğu

değerlendirildi. Hastalarımızın % 82,1’ inde ilk seansta

taşsızlık sağlandığı bulundu. İkinci seans sonrası

taşsızlık oranı % 92,5 olarak tespit edildi. Hastaların

ortalama yatış süreleri 1,5 gün (1-9) gündü. Beş hastada

postoperatif dönemde üriner sistem enfeksiyonu

gelişti. RIRS uygulanan hastalarda cerrahi ya da cerrahi

dışı nedenle mortaliteye rastlanmadı.

Sonuç

RIRS, taş cerrahisinde etkinlik ve komplikasyonlar

açısından güvenilir bir yöntemdir. Özellikle ESWL dirençli

taşlarda, obez, kas iskelet deformiteli hastalarda,

soliter taşlı böbrekte, gebelikte, kanama diyatezinde

önemli cerrahi alternatifitir. Teknolojik ilerlemeler

ile birlikte tekniğin avantajları da düşünüldüğünde

ilerleyen zamanlarda daha aktif kullanılacağı ve yaygınlaşacağı

görüşündeyiz.
ANALYSIS OF FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATIONS OF THE THYROID: CYTOLOGICAL-HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION AND OUTCOMES OF THE BETHESDA SYSTEM
Authors: TAN Ayca
Published: June 2022

Objective

The Bethesda system is widely used to evaluate

aspiration of thyroid nodules. The aim of the study is to

evaluate the usability of the system by the correlation

between cytology and final histopathology results and

to review the literature.

Materials and Methods

Fine needle aspiration of thyroid nodules reported using

Bethesda system were analyzed. Malignancy rates

were calculated by the results of thyroidectomies. To

analyze the power of the Bethesda system six distinct

subgroups were designed. The sensitivity, specificity,

positive predictive value, negative predictive value

and diagnostic accuracy were calculated separately

in these subgroups. The data were analyzed using

SPSS 20 for Windows.

Results

The distribution of thyroid nodules according to

the Bethesda was 2212 (33.5%), 3163 (47.9%),

720 (10.9%), 67 (1%), 361 (5.5%) and 75 (1.1%),

respectively. Of 873 nodules that underwent

thyroidectomy, 254 (29.9%) were diagnosed as

malignant. The diagnostic categories according to

thyroidectomies were 233 (26.7 %), 277 (31.7%),

137 (15.7%), 23 (2.6%), 163 (18.7%) and 40 (4.6%),

respectively. The malignancy rates of each Bethesda

category were 14.5%, 6.8%, 32.8%, 52.1%, 66.8%

and 97.5%. The sensitivity, spesifity, positive

predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value

(NPV) and accuracy of fine needle aspiration was

calculated and ranged from 61.8% to 89.3%, 79.6% to

99.6%, 70.4% to 97.5%, 84.5% to 93.1% and 79.5%

to 93.6%, respectively.

Conclusion

The limitation of this study is that the B1 category is very

high. However, since the data are evaluated by only

one pathologist and it is one of the first three studies

with the highest number of cases, it makes a significant

contribution to the literature in terms of all categories

except B1. The Bethesda system is a classification

that provides the clinician with appropriate clinical

follow-up and the accurate treatment approach, and a

high interobserver agreement for pathologists.
Primary school teachers' opinions on social justice in life studies lessons and in-class practices
Authors: AKCAN Emrullah
Published: June 2022

Education is of great importance for the inclusion of persons in society. While education is so important, unfortunately, not all students can benefit from education opportunities offered equally. Problems experienced in reaching quality education that put students at a disadvantage situation can be listed as social differences, gender, language, ethnicity, family structure, socioeconomic status, and having special needs. This study aims to examine teachers' opinion to some students' situation about their disadvantageous in the classroom and how the primary school teachers minimize this disadvantage and furthermore what they do to about social justice in the classroom environment. For this aims, five schools with disadvantaged students were selected to determine the participants of the study, and 10 teachers who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study were selected from the teachers in these school. In this study, case study design, one of the qualitative research methods, was preferred and interview method was used for data collection via semi-structured form. According to the results of the study, it was determined that the teachers' work for disadvantaged students focused on " peer collaboration", "forming heterogeneous groups" and "respecting different cultures". It was stated that when they made these practices, the problems of the students decreased and they improved academically and socially.