bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Amidines by Amidoxime Reduction with Potassium Formate.
Authors: Nadrah Kristina , Sollner Dolenc Marija
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Allyl Transfer from Homoallyl Alcohols to Acrylate Esters via Retro‐Allylation.
Authors: Jang Minsul , Hayashi Sayuri , Hirano Koji , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Aryl to Aryl Palladium Migration in the Heck and Suzuki Coupling of o‐Halobiaryls.
Authors: Campo Marino A. , Zhang Haiming , Yao Tuanli , Ibdah Abdellatif , McCulla Ryan D. , Huang Qinhua , Zhao Jian , Jenks William S. , Larock Richard C.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chromatography‐Free Suzuki Reactions Using a Polymer‐Assisted Solution‐Phase (PASP) Approach.
Authors: Vickerstaffe Emma , Villard Anne‐Laure , Ladlow Mark , Ley Steven V.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nickel‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Addition of Arylboroxines to Aromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Arao Takafumi , Kondo Kazuhiro , Aoyama Toyohiko
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
FeCl3‐Catalyzed Alkenylation of Simple Arenes with Aryl‐Substituted Alkynes.
Authors: Li Ruoshi , Wang Sunewang R. , Lu Wenjun
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Intramolecular Diels—Alder Reactions of Siloxacyclopentene Constrained Trienes.
Authors: Halvorsen Geoff T. , Roush William R.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ligand and Substrate π‐Stacking Interaction Controlled Enantioselectivity in the Asymmetric Aziridination.
Authors: Ma Linge , Jiao Peng , Zhang Qihan , Du Da‐Ming , Xu Jiaxi
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Selective Thiiranation of 1,2‐Allenyl Sulfones with Br2 and Na2S2O3: Mechanism and Asymmetric Synthesis of Alkylidenethiiranes.
Authors: Zhou Chao , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Facile and Efficient Synthesis of Functionalized γ‐Butyrolactones from Baylis—Hillman Adducts of Isatin.
Authors: Shanmugam Ponnusamy , Vaithiyanathan Vadivel , Viswambharan Baby
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Facile Synthesis of 3‐Benzylidene‐5‐aryl‐3H‐furan‐2‐ones (V) Starting from the Baylis—Hillman Adducts (I).
Authors: Lee Chang Gon , Lee Ka Young , Kim Seong Jin , Kim Jae Nyoung
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Refined Protocols for the Preparation of 3‐Alkoxy‐2,5‐dihydrofurans, Allylic Oxidation to β‐Alkoxybutenolides and Short Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Annularin H.
Authors: Brasholz Malte , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of a Maleate Derivative with Azomethine Ylides Derived from α‐Amino Esters: Synthesis of 3‐Pyrrolines.
Authors: Soret Adrien , Guillot Regis , Rousseau Gerard , Blanco Luis , Deloisy Sandrine
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Donor‐π‐Acceptor Type Symmetric Cyclic Triindoles: Synthesis and Properties.
Authors: Hiyoshi Hidetaka , Kumagai Hironobu , Ooi Hideo , Sonoda Takaaki , Mataka Shuntaro
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Facile Synthetic Route to New Pyrazoloisoindolones.
Authors: Gerard Anne‐Laure , Mahatsekake Clement , Collot Valerie , Rault Sylvain
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Hydantoins as Potential COX‐2 Inhibitors: 1,5‐Diarylhydantoins.
Authors: Park Hae‐Sun , Choi Hee‐Jeon , Shin Hea‐Soon , Lee Sang Kook , Park Myung‐Sook
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 4,5‐Dihydroisoxazoles from N‐Nitroso‐4,5‐dihydropyrazoles under Microwave Activation.
Authors: Stepakov Alexander V. , Galkin Ivan A. , Kostikov Rafael R. , Starova Galina L. , Starikova Zoya A. , Molchanov Alexander P.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Approach for the Conversion of Primary Amides into Tetrazoles by Using Tributyltin Chloride and Sodium Azide in the Presence of DMF.
Authors: Rao Korrapati V. V. Prasada , Dandala Ramesh , Handa Vijay K. , Rao Inti V. Subramanyeswara , Rani Ananta , Shivashankar Sripelly , Naidu Andra
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
4‐Piperidone — A Synthon for Spiro‐Heterocycles.
Authors: Padmavathi V. , Reddy T. V. Ramana , Reddy K. Audisesha
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
5‐Aroyl‐3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2‐one Library Generation via Automated Sequential and Parallel Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis Techniques.
Authors: Pisani Leonardo , Prokopcova Hana , Kremser Jennifer M. , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Synthesis of Substituted 4H‐Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐ones.
Authors: Adams Nicholas D. , Schmidt Stanley J. , Knight Steven D. , Dhanak Dashyant
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 5‐Methyl‐4‐oxo‐2‐(coumarin‐3‐yl)‐N‐aryl‐3,4‐dihydrothieno [2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐6‐carboxamides.
Authors: Kovalenko Sergiy M. , Vlasov Sergiy V. , Chernykh Valentin P.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 7,8‐Benzo‐4‐hydroxy‐1,9‐diazabicyclo[3.3.1]non‐3‐enes (IV), (VI) by Cyclization of 1,3‐Bis(silyl enol ethers) with Quinazoline.
Authors: Schmidt Andreas , Guetlein Joerg‐Peter , Mkrtchyan Satenik , Goerls Helmar , Langer Peter
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Highly Regioselective Syntheses of Unsymmetrical 2,3‐Disubstituted Quinoxalines.
Authors: Hui Xu , Schmidt Fanny , Fakhfakh Mohammed Akram , Franck Xavier , Figadere Bruno
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Thiazolo[3,2‐d][1,2,4] Triazines Through Palladium‐Catalyzed Heteroannulation of Acetylenic Compounds.
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Kivanloo Ali , Rahimizadeh Mohammad , Bakavoli Mehdi , Ghassemzadeh Mitra
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sulfamic Acid: An Efficient and Green Catalyst for Synthesis of 1,5‐Benzodiazepines under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Xia Min , Lu Yue‐dong
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Lithium Naphthalenide‐Induced Reductive Selenenylation of α‐Cyano Ketones: A Regiocontrolled Process for α‐Phenylseleno Ketones and One‐Pot Conversion into Enone System.
Authors: Zhu Jia‐Liang , Ko Yen‐Chun , Kuo Chun‐Wei , Shia Kak‐Shan
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Urukthapelstatin A, a Novel Cytotoxic Substance from Marine‐Derived Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11‐542. Part 2. Physicochemical Properties and Structural Elucidation.
Authors: Matsuo Yoshihide , Kanoh Kaneo , Imagawa Hiroshi , Adachi Kyoko , Nishizawa Mugio , Shizuri Yoshikazu
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Simultaneous Stereoselective 4‐Amination with Cyclic Secondary Amines and 2‐O‐Deacetylation of Peracetylated Sialic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Ye Deju , Li Jian , Zhang Jian , Liu Hong , Jiang Hualiang
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mild and Efficient Hydrolysis of Thioglycosides to Glycosyl Hemiacetals Using N‐Iodosaccharin.
Authors: Mandal Pintu Kumar , Misra Anup Kumar
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Piperazirum, a Novel Bioactive Alkaloid from Arum palaestinum Boiss
Authors: El‐Desouky S. K. , Ryu Shi Young , Kim Young‐Kyoon
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemical Composition of Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle in Taihu Lake
Authors: Xiao Yu , Wang Yan‐Li , Gao Shi‐Xiang , Sun Cheng , Zhou Zhong‐Yuan
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Flavone Glycoside from Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.
Authors: Babu B. Ravindra , Khurana Shilpi , Sakhuja Rajeev , Srivastava Amit K. , Jain Subhash C.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structural Revision of 19,20‐Epoxycytochalasin D and Its Cytotoxic Activity.
Authors: Shi Lin‐Mei , Zhan Zha‐Jun
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of the JK Ring Fragments of Yessotoxin and 42,43,44,45,46,47,55‐Heptanor‐41‐oxoyessotoxin.
Authors: Watanabe Koji , Minato Hiroaki , Murata Michio , Oishi Tohru
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Concise Route to Two Distinct E‐Ring Structures of Ciguatoxins.
Authors: Inoue Masayuki , Iwatsu Masafumi , Yamashita Shuji , Hirama Masahiro
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 4‐Sulfamoylapigenin as a Potential Antiproliferative Agent.
Authors: Kim Jinyoung , Kim Min Hee , Park Jae Gyu , Park Hyung Soon , Park Jisuk , Chong Youhoon
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Development of Bonded Nd—Fe—B Magnets by Injection Molding
Authors: Yang Q. P. , Jiang Juan , Li Ying , Zhu M. Y.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Processing of Anisotropic Nd—Fe—B Magnets
Authors: Jiang Juan , Yang Q. P. , Li Ying , Zhu M. Y.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemistry of Calixpyrroles
Authors: Jain Vinod K. , Mandalia Hiren C.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 1,4‐Diazabicyclo[X.Y.O]alkanes: Scaffolds of Dipeptide Mimetics and Proline‐Derived Natural Products
Authors: Maison Wolfgang
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Quinine — A Landmark in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Nair Vijay , Menon Rajeev S. , Vellalath Sreekumar
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Stereospecific Entry to Functionalized cis‐1,2‐Difluoroalkenes
Authors: Raghavanpillai Anilkumar , Burton Donald J.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Chemistry of Hydrazonates
Authors: Shawali Ahmad Sami , Sherif Sherif Mourad
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Halogen Dance Reaction and Its Application in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Nora de Souza Marcus Vinicius
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bioreactor Systems for the Production of Optically Active Amino Acids and Alcohols
Authors: Nanba Hirokazu , Yasohara Yoshihiko , Hasegawa Junzo , Takahashi Satomi
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Optically Encoded Particles and Their Applications in Multiplexed Biomedical Assays
Authors: Battersby Bronwyn J. , Trau Matt
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Application of Atelocollagen‐Mediated siRNA Delivery for RNAi Therapies
Authors: Honma Kimi , Takeshita Fumitaka , Ochiya Takahiro
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Protein Linear Molecular Motor‐Powered Nanodevices
Authors: Bakewell David J. G. , Nicolau Dan V.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Present Status of Coronary Bifurcation Stenting
Authors: Sukhija Rishi , Mehta Jawahar L. , Sachdeva Rajesh
Published: August 2007

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for bifurcation lesions is technically limited by the risk of side branch occlusion. In comparison with nonbifurcation interventions, bifurcation interventions have a lower rate of procedural success, higher procedural costs and a higher rate of clinical and angiographic restenosis. The recent introduction of drug‐eluting stents (DES) has resulted in reduced incidence of main vessel restenosis compared with historical controls. However, side‐branch ostial residual stenosis and long‐term restenosis still remain problematic. In the era of DES, techniques employing two stents have emerged that allow stenting of the large side branch in addition to the main artery. Stenting of the main vessel with provisional side branch stenting seems to be the prevailing approach. This paper reviews outcome data with different treatment modalities for this complex lesion with particular emphasis on the use of DES as well as potential new therapeutic approaches. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose–positron emission tomography (PET)/PET‐computed tomography in carcinoma of the cervix
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Dadparvar Simin
Published: August 2007

18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose–positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET)/PET‐computed tomography diagnostic studies may play a potential role in the staging and restaging of patients with cervical cancer. Recent work has demonstrated another important aspect of FDG‐PET in predicting the prognosis for patients with cervical cancer according to their maximal standard uptake value at baseline; thus, it may be possible to develop more aggressive treatment strategies for high‐risk patients based on pretreatment PET studies.
Single crystal growth of CaMg2(SO4)3 via solid‐ / gas‐phase reactions and its Nasicon‐related crystal structure
Authors: Weil Matthias
Published: August 2007

Crystals of the double sulfate CaMg2(SO4)3 have been obtained by solid‐state reactions of stoichiometric amounts of anhydrous CaSO4 and MgSO4 in sealed and evacuated silica tubes with chlorine gas as mineraliser. The crystal structure was determined from single crystal X‐ray diffractometer data [P 63/m, Z = 2, a = 8.3072(4), c = 7.3057(8) Å, R [F2 > 2σ (F2)] = 0.0317, wR (F2 all) = 0.0785, 476 structure factors, 33 variable parameters] and consists of distorted [CaO6] octahedra (3 symmetry), [MgO6] octahedra (3 symmetry) and SO4 tetrahedra (m symmetry) as single building units. The structure is made up of 1∞[CaO6/2] chains of face‐sharing [CaO6] octahedra that extend parallel to [001], alternating with columns of face‐sharing [MgO3/1O3/2]2 dimers. Both types of chains are linked via corner‐sharing with SO4 tetrahedra into a three‐dimensional framework structure. Although the compound crystallizes in a new structure type, it is topologically related to the NaZr2(PO4)3 (Nasicon) structure, and a comparative discussion between both structural arrangements is given. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sustainability quotients and the social footprint
Authors: McElroy Mark W. , Jorna Rene J. , van Engelen Jo
Published: August 2007

We argue that most of what passes for mainstream reporting in corporate sustainability management fails to do precisely the one thing it purports to do – which is make it possible for organizations to measure and report on the sustainability of their operations. It fails because of the lack of what the Global Reporting Initiative calls sustainability context, a shortcoming from which it, too, suffers. We suggest that this missing context calls for a new notion of sustainability (the binary perspective), which can be conceptualized in the form of sustainability quotients. We provide specifications for such quotients in ecological and social contexts, and suggest that sustainability is best understood in terms of the impact organizations can have on the carrying capacity of non‐financial capital, or what in the social case we call anthro capital. We conclude by introducing a quantitative quotients‐based method for measuring and reporting on the social sustainability of an organization, the social footprint method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Nonlinear dynamics of discrete‐time circuits: A survey
Authors: Feely Orla
Published: August 2007

Methods of nonlinear dynamics have gained increasing prominence within the field of circuits and systems over the past two decades, but only a small proportion of the research in this area has focused on discrete‐time circuits. The aim of this paper is to provide a brief survey of some results concerning the nonlinear dynamical behaviour of discrete‐time circuits. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comment on “Elementary Many‐Particle Processes in Plasma Microfields” [Contrib. Plasma Phys. 46, No. 3, 195–260 (2006)]
Authors: Dubinova I. D. , Dubinov A. E.
Published: August 2007

Contrib. Plasma Phys. 46, No. 3, 195–260 (2006)
Voltage ‐ Current Study of an Atmospheric Dielectric Barrier Discharge
Authors: Burm K.T.A.L.
Published: August 2007

The discharge behaviour of an atmospheric dielectric barrier parallel plate discharge, used for surface treatment, is studied. Since an uniform plasma is preferable for surface treatment, filaments must be avoided in the discharge. The occurrence of filaments can be detected by measuring the current flowing through the discharge. Current and voltage measurements give an indication of the power consumption by the plasma. The power consumption of the plasma as function of the applied frequency is examined. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Anharmonic Excitations, Time Correlations and Electric Conductivity
Authors: Chetverikov A. P. , Ebeling W. , Röpke G. , Velarde M. G.
Published: August 2007

We study the influence of anharmonic mechanical excitations of a classical ionic lattice on its electric properties. First, to illustrate salient features, we investigate a simple model, an one‐dimensional (1D) system consisting of ten semiclassical electrons embedded in a lattice or a ring with ten ions interacting with exponentially repulsive interactions. The lattice is embedded in a thermal bath. The behavior of the velocity autocorrelation function and the dynamic structure factor of the system are analyzed. We show that in this model the nonlinear excitations lead to long lasting time correlations and, correspondingly, to an increase of the conductivity in a narrow temperature region, where the excitations are supersonic soliton‐like. In the second part we consider the quantum statistics of general ion‐electron systems with arbitrary dimension and express ‐ following linear response transport theory ‐ the quantum‐mechanical conductivity by means of equilibrium time correlation functions. Within the relaxation time approach an expression for the effective collision frequency is derived in Born approximation, which takes into account quantum effects and dynamic effects of the ion motion through the dynamic structure factor of the lattice and the quantum dynamics of the electrons. An evaluation of the influenec of solitons predicts for 1D‐lattices a conductivity increase in the temperature region where most thermal solitons are excited, similar as shown in the classical Drude‐Lorentz‐Kubo framework. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Low‐density lipoprotein is oxidized by phospholipase A2 and lipoxygenase in xanthoma lesions
Authors: Nakajima Hideki , Ikeda Mitsunori , Hirata Yasuhiko , Matsumoto Masaaki , Seike Masahiro , Kodama Hajime
Published: August 2007

Oxidized LDL has been obtained by incubation with copper ions (Cu‐LDL) or various kinds of cells. LDL incubated with xanthoma tissues (x‐LDL) is considered a model of in vivo oxidized LDL that has extravasated into xanthoma lesions. To investigate the mechanism of x‐LDL formation, we studied the effects of various enzyme inhibitors or antioxidants on the oxidation process of LDL. Thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substance (TBARS) levels, electrophoretic mobility and spectrophotometric pattern of the oxidized LDL were examined. Antioxidants suppressed TBARS formation in both x‐LDL and Cu‐LDL. Enzyme inhibitors inhibited TBARS levels in x‐LDL, but not in Cu‐LDL. All the enzyme inhibitors and antioxidants, except for the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, inhibited the anodic electrophoretic mobility of x‐LDL. The anodic electrophoretic mobility of Cu‐LDL was suppressed only with antioxidants. Spectrophotometry indicated that an increase in the absorbance at 240 nm was observed in Cu‐LDL, but not in x‐LDL. x‐LDL oxidation is primarily catalyzed by phospholipase A2, and subsequently generated polyunsaturated free fatty acids propagate the peroxidation. Fatty acid hydroperoxides conjugated with dienes are not synthesized in x‐LDL. On the other hand, non‐enzymatic oxidants, such as superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals generate Cu‐LDL with diene‐conjugated fatty acid hydroperoxides.
Thermochromism at Room Temperature in Overcrowded Bistricyclic Aromatic Enes: Closely Populated Twisted and Folded Conformations
Authors: Levy Amalia , Pogodin Sergey , Cohen Shmuel , Agranat Israel
Published: August 2007

The overcrowded thermochromic bistricyclic aromatic enes (BAEs) 10‐(9′H‐fluoren‐9′‐ylidene)‐9(10H)‐anthracenone (6), 10‐(11′H‐benzo[b]fluoren‐11′‐ylidene)‐9(10H)‐anthracenone (7), and 10‐(1′,8′‐diaza‐9′H‐fluoren‐9′‐ylidene)‐9(10H)‐anthracenone (8) were synthesized by applying Barton's twofold extrusion diazo‐thione coupling method and their crystal and molecular structures were determined. BAEs 6–8 exhibit thermochromic behavior at room temperature due to the equilibrium between the yellow anti‐folded conformations and the thermochromic purple, blue, or red twisted conformations. The NMR experiments demonstrate a fast interconversion of the twisted and the anti‐folded conformers of 6–8 in solution. BAE 7 readily undergoes E,Z‐topomerization at room temperature with the coalescence point at 297 K and the relatively low energy barrier of ΔGc‡(t⟂) = 65.5 kJ/mol. B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) calculations predict anti‐folded a‐6 and a‐7 to be less stable than twisted t‐6 and t‐7 by 0.8 and 1.3 kJ/mol, respectively, whereas a‐8 is more stable than t‐8 by 10.7 kJ/mol. DFT calculations of 6–8, 9‐(9′H‐fluoren‐9′‐ylidene)‐9H‐fluorene (1), [10′‐oxo‐9′(10′H)‐anthracenylidene]‐9(10H)‐anthracenone (2) and their 1,8‐diaza‐substituted derivatives show that substitution in the fluorenylidene unit destabilizes the twisted conformations by 11–22 kJ/mol, while introduction of nitrogen atoms at the 1 and 8 positions of anthracenylidene unit destabilizes the anti‐folded conformations by 14–18 kJ/mol. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
From Theozymes to Artificial Enzymes: Enzyme‐Like Receptors for Michael Additions with Oxyanion Holes and Active Amino Groups
Authors: Simón Luis , Muñiz Francisco M. , Sáez Silvia , Raposo César , Morán Joaquín R.
Published: August 2007

Different artificial enzymes, based on the theozyme concept, have been designed for Michael additions of pyrrolidine to α,β‐unsaturated lactams. These molecules each have skeleton able to mimic a structure called an “oxyanion hole”, as is present in many enzymes. Amine groups are also responsible for the catalytic activities of these receptors, since they support the important proton‐transport step. The requirement for the amine groups was established from the reaction mechanism and from theoretical calculations. The catalytic activities of the receptors are discussed, taking into account their relative association constants with the substrate: kcat/kuncat values of up to 104 were obtained. The catalytic activities of the receptors are compared with those found in natural enzymes and catalytic antibodies. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Silyl‐Substituted Tetrathia[7]helicenes: Synthesis, X‐ray Characterization and Reactivity (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 27/2007)
Authors: Bossi Alberto , Maiorana Stefano , Graiff Claudia , Tiripicchio Antonio , Licandro Emanuela
Published: August 2007

The cover picture shows the photochemical cyclization of silyl‐substituted trans‐1,2‐bis(benzodithiophen‐2‐yl)ethenes into the corresponding silylated helicenes and the transformation of these into new halogenated helicenes. The picture underlines a peculiar aspect of the paper, that is, the high solubility of the above silylated trans alkenes, which is a consequence of the presence of the two silyl groups and results in a very fast and easy photocyclization that can be perfomed in solution by using a glass reactor with an immersion Hg lamp. The molecular packing of the trans alkenes in solution shows a long interplanar distance between two molecules, which accounts for its high solubility. The work is a collaboration between Milan and Parma Universities, whose Cathedrals are shown. Details are discussed in the article by E. Licandro et al. on p. 4499 ff.
Effects of two alternative representations of ground‐motion uncertainty on probabilistic seismic demand assessment of structures
Authors: Jalayer F. , Beck J. L.
Published: August 2007

A probabilistic representation of the entire ground‐motion time history can be constructed based on a stochastic model that depends on seismic source parameters. An advanced stochastic simulation scheme known as Subset Simulation can then be used to efficiently compute the small failure probabilities corresponding to structural limit states. Alternatively, the uncertainty in the ground motion can be represented by adopting a parameter (or a vector of parameters) known as the intensity measure (IM) that captures the dominant features of the ground shaking. Structural performance assessment based on this representation can be broken down into two parts, namely, the structure‐specific part requiring performance assessment for a given value of the IM, and the site‐specific part requiring estimation of the likelihood that ground shaking with a given value of the IM takes place. The effect of these two alternative representations of ground‐motion uncertainty on probabilistic structural response is investigated for two hazard cases. In the first case, these two approaches are compared for a scenario earthquake event with a given magnitude and distance. In the second case, they are compared using a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis to take into account the potential of the surrounding faults to produce events with a range of possible magnitudes and distances. The two approaches are compared on the basis of the probabilistic response of an existing reinforced‐concrete frame structure, which is known to have suffered shear failure in its columns during the 1994 Northridge Earthquake in Los Angeles, California. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contingent valuation in health care: does it matter how the ‘good’ is described?
Authors: Smith Richard D.
Published: August 2007

A general population sample of 104 Australian respondents completed an interviewer‐administered contingent valuation (CV) survey that asked them to value five scenarios representing the same core improvement in health status. These scenarios varied only in the degree of narrative used to describe the condition causing the health problem being valued and labeling of this health problem. Results indicate no significant difference in willingness to pay (WTP) between expressing symptoms as a brief or moderate narrative, but a significantlylowerWTP value when expressed in an extensive narrative. WTP also differed significantly according to condition ‘labels’. Possible implications for CV research are outlined. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SMART (Simultaneous Modulated Accelerated RadioTherapy) for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinomas
Authors: Koom Woong Sub , Kim Tae Hyun , Shin Kyung Hwan , Pyo Hong Ryull , Kim Joo‐Young , Kim Dae Yong , Yoon Myonggeun , Park Sung Yong , Lee Dae Ho , Ryu Jun Sun , Jung Yoo Seok , Lee Sang Hyun , Cho Kwan Ho
Published: August 2007

Background.

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is commonly used for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We retrospectively analyzed the clinical outcomes of simultaneous modulated accelerated radiotherapy (SMART) with concurrent chemotherapy.

Methods.

Between January 2003 and May 2005, 24 patients with stage IIB to IVB NPC underwent SMART encompassing 3 targets: gross tumor volume (GTV), high‐risk subclinical disease (CTV1), and low‐risk subclinical disease (CTV2). Daily fractions of 2.4, 2.15, and 1.9 Gy were delivered to GTV, CTV1, and CTV2 to a total dose of 64.8, 58.05, and 51.3 Gy in 27 fractions over 5.5 weeks, respectively. Fifteen patients received concurrent cisplatin (DDP group), and 9 received 5‐fluorouracil plus cisplatin (FP group).

Results.

With a median follow‐up of 26 months (range, 17–45 months), 3‐year overall and local‐, regional‐, and distant‐progression‐free survivals were 96% and 93%, 87%, and 88%, respectively. Grade 3 acute mucositis and pharyngitis were observed in 16 (67%) and 14 (59%) patients, respectively. Severe acute mucositis (100% vs 47%) and pharyngitis (100% vs 34%) were more frequently observed in the FP group than the DDP group (p < .01).

Conclusions.

Despite short follow‐up with a small number of patients, our preliminary results demonstrated encouraging local‐regional control and survival at the cost of modest increase in treatment related toxicities. The total dose and fractionation scheme of SMART used in our study is feasible with no life‐threatening or fatal complications. However, the administration of fluorouracil in addition to cisplatin during SMART was associated with increased acute and late toxicities, and it should be administered with caution. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Evaluating best evaporation estimate model for water surface evaporation in semi‐arid region, India
Authors: Ali Shakir , Ghosh Narayan C. , Singh Ranvir
Published: August 2007

Evaluating performances of four commonly used evaporation estimate methods, namely; Bowen ratio energy balance (BREB), mass transfer (MT), Priestley–Taylor (PT) and pan evaporation (PE), based on 4 years experimental data, the most effective and the reliable evaporation estimates model for the semi‐arid region of India has been derived. The various goodness‐of‐fit measures, such as; coefficient of determination (R2), index of agreement (D), root mean square error (RMSE), and relative bias (RB) have been chosen for the performance evaluation. Of these models, the PT model has been found most promising when the Bowen ratio, β is known a priori, and based on its limited data requirement. The responses of the BREB, the PT, and the PE models were found comparable to each other, while the response of the MT model differed to match with the responses of the other three models. The coefficients, β of the BREB, µ of the MT, α of the PT and KP of the PE model were estimated as 0·07, 2·35, 1·31 and 0·65, respectively. The PT model can successfully be extended for free water surface evaporation estimates in semi‐arid India.

A linear regression model depicting relationship between daily air and water temperature has been developed using the observed water temperatures and the corresponding air temperatures. The model helped to generate unrecorded water temperatures for the corresponding ambient air temperatures. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic variants and haplotype analyses of the ZBRK1/ZNF350 gene in high‐risk non BRCA1/2 French Canadian breast and ovarian cancer families
Authors: Desjardins Sylvie , Belleau Pascal , Labrie Yvan , Ouellette Geneviève , Bessette Paul , Chiquette Jocelyne , Laframboise Rachel , Lépine Jean , Lespérance Bernard , Pichette Roxane , Plante Marie ,   INHERIT BRCAs, Durocher Francine
Published: August 2007

Our current understanding of breast cancer susceptibility involves mutations in the 2 major genes BRCA1 and BRCA2, found in about 25% of high‐risk families, as well as few other low penetrance genes such as ATM and CHEK2. Approximately two‐thirds of the multiple cases families remain to be explained by mutations in still unknown genes. In a candidate gene approach to identify new genes potentially involved in breast cancer susceptibility, we analyzed genomic variants in the ZBRK1 gene, a co‐repressor implicated in BRCA1‐mediated repression of GADD45. Direct sequencing of ZBRK1 entire coding region in affected breast cancer individuals from 97 high‐risk French Canadian breast/ovarian cancer families and 94 healthy controls led to the identification of 18 genomic variants. Haplotype analyses, using PHASE, COCAPHASE and HaploStats programs, put in evidence 3 specific haplotypes which could potentially modulate breast cancer risk, and among which 2 that are associated with a potential protective effect (p = 0.01135 and p = 0.00268), while another haplotype is over‐represented in the case group (p = 0.00143). Further analyses of these haplotypes indicated that a strong component of the observed difference between both groups emerge from the first 5 variants (out of 12 used for haplotype determination). The present study also permitted to determine a set of tagging SNPs that could be useful for subsequent analyses in large scale association studies. Additional studies in large cohorts and other populations will however be needed to further evaluate if common and/or rare ZBRK1 sequence variants and haplotypes could be associated with a modest/intermediate breast cancer risk. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alcohol consumption and endometrial cancer risk: The multiethnic cohort
Authors: Setiawan Veronica Wendy , Monroe Kristine R. , Goodman Marc T. , Kolonel Laurence N. , Pike Malcolm C. , Henderson Brian E.
Published: August 2007

The role of alcohol intake in the etiology of endometrial cancer is unclear. We examined the impact of alcohol intake on endometrial cancer risk among 41,574 postmenopausal African‐American, Japanese‐American, Latina, Native‐Hawaiian and White women recruited to the prospective Multiethnic Cohort Study in 1993–1996. During an average of 8.3 years of follow‐up, 324 incident invasive endometrial cancer cases were identified among these women. Data on alcohol intake and endometrial cancer risk factors were obtained from the baseline questionnaire. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for endometrial cancer associated with alcohol intake were estimated using log‐linear (Cox) proportional hazard models stratified by age, year of recruitment, ethnicity and study center, and adjusted for several confounding factors. Increased alcohol consumption was associated with increased risk (p trend = 0.013). Compared to nondrinkers, women consuming ≥2 drinks/day had a multivariate RR of 2.01 (95% CI: 1.30, 3.11). There was no increase in risk associated with <1 drink/day (RR = 1.01; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.33) and 1 to <2 drinks/day (RR = 1.09; 95% CI: 0.62, 1.93). There was no clear effect modification by body mass index, postmenopausal hormone use, parity, oral contraceptive use or smoking status, though our power to detect such interactions was limited. Our results suggest that only alcohol consumption equivalent to 2 or more drinks per day increases risk of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth, technological interdependence and spatial externalities: theory and evidence
Authors: Ertur Cem , Koch Wilfried
Published: August 2007

This paper presents a theoretical growth model which explicitly takes into account technological interdependence among economies and examines the impact of spillover effects. Technological interdependence is assumed to operate through spatial externalities. The magnitude of the physical capital externalities at steady state, which is not usually identified in the literature, is estimated using a spatial econometric specification. Spatial externalities are found to be significant. This spatially augmented Solow model yields a conditional convergence equation which is characterized by parameter heterogeneity. A locally linear spatial autoregressive specification is then estimated providing a convergence speed estimate for each country of the sample. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Panel cointegration tests of the Fisher effect
Authors: Westerlund Joakim
Published: August 2007

Most empirical evidence suggests that the Fisher effect, stating that inflation and nominal interest rates should cointegrate with a unit slope on inflation, does not hold, a finding at odds with many theoretical models. This paper argues that these results can be attributed in part to the low power of univariate tests, and that the use of panel data can generate more powerful tests. For this purpose, we propose two new panel cointegration tests that can be applied under very general conditions, and that are shown by simulation to be more powerful than other existing tests. These tests are applied to a panel of quarterly data covering 20 OECD countries between 1980 and 2004. The evidence suggest that the Fisher effect cannot be rejected once the panel evidence on cointegration has been taken into account. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ectopic pregnancy in a cesarean section scar treated with intramuscular methotrexate and bilateral uterine artery embolization
Authors: Hois Erin L. , Hibbeln John F. , Alonzo Marc J. , Chen Meri E. , Freimanis Maija G.
Published: August 2007

We report a case of an ectopic pregnancy implanted in the myometrium at the site of a scar from a previous cesarean section that presented with vaginal bleeding and was successfully treated with bilateral uterine artery embolization and intramuscular administration of methotrexate. The combination of minimally invasive interventional techniques and medical therapies can preserve fertility. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008
Non‐model‐based correction of respiratory motion using beat‐to‐beat 3D spiral fat‐selective imaging
Authors: Keegan Jennifer , Gatehouse Peter D. , Yang Guang‐Zhong , Firmin David N.
Published: August 2007

Purpose

To demonstrate the feasibility of retrospective beat‐to‐beat correction of respiratory motion, without the need for a respiratory motion model.

Materials and Methods

A high‐resolution three‐dimensional (3D) spiral black‐blood scan of the right coronary artery (RCA) of six healthy volunteers was acquired over 160 cardiac cycles without respiratory gating. One spiral interleaf was acquired per cardiac cycle, prior to each of which a complete low‐resolution fat‐selective 3D spiral dataset was acquired. The respiratory motion (3D translation) on each cardiac cycle was determined by cross‐correlating a region of interest (ROI) in the fat around the artery in the low‐resolution datasets with that on a reference end‐expiratory dataset. The measured translations were used to correct the raw data of the high‐resolution spiral interleaves.

Results

Beat‐to‐beat correction provided consistently good results, with the image quality being better than that obtained with a fixed superior–inferior tracking factor of 0.6 and better than (N = 5) or equal to (N = 1) that achieved using a subject‐specific retrospective 3D translation motion model.

Conclusion

Non‐model‐based correction of respiratory motion using 3D spiral fat‐selective imaging is feasible, and in this small group of volunteers produced better‐quality images than a subject‐specific retrospective 3D translation motion model. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:624–629. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myocardial tissue characterization and the role of chronic anemia in sickle cell cardiomyopathy
Authors: Westwood Mark A. , Shah Farrukh , Anderson Lisa J. , Strange Julian W. , Tanner Mark A. , Maceira Alicia M. , Howard Jo , John B. Porter  , Walker J. Malcolm , Wonke Beatrix , Pennell Dudley J.
Published: August 2007

Purpose

To use cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) techniques to examine possible causes for the left ventricular (LV) dilatation that occurs in sickle cell disease (SCD), including the effects of chronic anemia, iron‐induced cardiomyopathy, and regional fibrosis due to sludge infarcts that occur during sickle crises.

Materials and Methods

A total of 47 patients with sickle cell anemia were assessed for LV function and myocardial iron levels using CMR measurements; 30 of these were also assessed for regional fibrosis using late gadolinium‐enhancement CMR. The LV function was compared to both normal controls and transfusion dependent non‐iron‐loaded (NIL) thalassemia major (TM) patients.

Results

Only one SCD patient had significant myocardial iron loading, and only two patients had regional fibrosis. There were significant differences in ventricular volumes of the sickle patients compared with both the normal controls and the NIL‐TM population (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

The LV changes seen in SCD are partly the result of a chronic anemia but there appears to be another contributory factor. This extra factor is not myocardial iron loading or regional fibrosis, although a homogenous fibrotic disorder affecting the left ventricle cannot be excluded. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:564–568. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.