bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Tactile Pictures to Communicate the Work of Visual Artists to Blind People
Authors: Hinton R.A.L.
Published: March 2020

An approach to the transcription of visual art into tactile form is described with regard to the effects of relief, texture, and picture context. The impact of such pictures on user's understanding of spatial relationships, distance, and perspective and as a stimulus for creative artwork is discussed.
Differential Reinforcement to Reduce Disruptive Behaviors in a Blind Boy with a Learning Disability
Authors: Heitzman A.J. , Alimena M.J.
Published: March 2020

Differential reinforcement of low rates of responding was used to reduce the disruptive behaviors of a blind boy with a learning disability. The number of disruptive behaviors that the boy could not exceed in any given day to earn reinforcements was established. If the subject did not exceed the established criterion, he was given access to reinforcers at the end of the school day. An overall 88 percent reduction was observed in the target behaviors across a 26-day period.
The Impact of a Visually Impaired Parent on a Family's Decision Making
Authors: Gill-Williamson L.M.
Published: March 2020

This study compared the dynamics of decision making in intact families in which one parent is visually impaired (is blind or has low vision) and those in which both parents are sighted. It found that the child in a family with a visually impaired parent exerts more influence on the process of deciding to purchase goods and services than does a child in a family in which both parents are sighted.
Placement Decision Dilemmas and Solutions
Authors: Hopf A.G.
Published: March 2020

This paper presents the private agency's view of the service-delivery dilemma of funding versus placement decisions. It focuses on three program areas to highlight this dilemma: 1) Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) disincentives to competitive placement, 2) the private agency's role when the educational system falls short, and 3) supported employment.
Access to Telecommunications: The Views of Blind and Visually Impaired Adults
Authors: Bowe F.G.
Published: March 2020

This national study of 107 blind and visually impaired adults found that they want new information services using the telephone and are willing to pay for such services. The respondents felt strongly that their privacy should be protected and that they are entitled to accessible services and products. They also thought that local Bell telephone companies should be allowed to originate information services and products. The implications for pending legislation on a national telecommunications policy are discussed.
Investigating Alcohol Abuse among Persons who are Blind
Authors: Nelipovich M. , Buss E.
Published: March 2020

The authors suggest potential correlations between alcoholism and blindness. Data from an extensive survey of disabled populations in Wisconsin are discussed. The authors suggest that a population of disabled persons who are both blind and alcohol abusers does exist, and that these individuals require specialized treatment during their adjustment process.
Self-defense Training for Visually Impaired Women
Authors: Pava W.S. , Bateman P. , Appleton M.K. , Glascock J.
Published: March 2020

This article describes the development and pilot testing of a curriculum of rape-prevention and self-defense skills for visually impaired women. After the course, the women's physical self-defense skills, self-confidence, and understanding of the ability to solve problems in hypothetically dangerous situations increased.
Bayesian Ideal Types: Integration of Psychometric Data for Visually Impaired Persons
Authors: Jones W.P.
Published: March 2020

A model is proposed for the clinical synthesis of data from psychological tests. It integrates the concepts of the ideal type and Bayesian probability and suggests their use with the pattern-similarity coefficient. A pilot study with BEP operators illustrates how the model is applied.
Issues in Traumatic Blindness
Authors: Dale B.
Published: March 2020

Sudden blindness may result in a psychological process marked by psychic numbness, denial, mistrust, and obsessional thoughts of blame, as well as posttraumatic stress disorder. This article discusses the factors that are related to the client's readiness for rehabilitation, the reactions of family members and friends, and personality variables and presents suggestions for treatment.
Psychological Disorders of Blind Persons and Success in Residential Rehabilitation
Authors: Needham W.E. , Acton J.J. , Eldridge L.S.
Published: March 2020

On admission to a residential rehabilitation program, blind clients with previous psychiatric diagnoses or psychiatric/psychological treatment had more symptoms of distress than did those without such histories. However, staff ratings at the beginning and end of rehabilitation indicated no differences between these groups in skill, attitude, and overall adjustment, and all clients improved significantly during rehabilitation. Accordingly, neither a history of psychological disorder nor test scores indicating severe emotional discomfort should exclude participation in residential rehabilitation for blind people, provided that the program includes adequate psychological services.
Visually Impaired People in Iran: Cultural and Environmental Effects on Orientation and Mobility Services
Authors: Taheri-Araghi M.
Published: March 2020

This report examines the impact that the Iranian environment has on blind and vision impaired persons, and the mobility systems frequently used by blind Iranians because of custom or because of the unavailability of other systems.
Diderot Reconsidered: Visual Impairment and Auditory Compensation
Authors: Miller L.
Published: March 2020

Two general models for auditory compensation attending visual loss, structural and strategic, are discussed in the light of available research. It is suggested that previous dismissals of structural forms of auditory compensation may be in error, at least for those who are more profoundly and congenitally impaired.
Benign Visual Hallucinations, or “Phantom Vision” in Visually Impaired and Blind Persons
Authors: Needham W.E. , Taylor R.E.
Published: March 2020

Benign visual hallucinations in adventitiously blind and sight-impaired persons occur frequently and are a normal response to this type of sensory loss. They correspond to aspects of the phantom-limb experience of amputees and thus may be conceptualized as instances of “phantom vision.” Data from the authors’ research on the visual experiences of 443 blinded veterans illustrate their typical features as well as their diversity.
The Specificity of Colored Lenses as Visual Aids in Retinal Disease
Authors: Gawande A. , Roloff L.W. , Marmor M.F.
Published: March 2020

This study of the effects of lenses of different colors on the visual abilities and comfort of 20 patients with retinal disease found that in home trials, orange, yellow, and light neutral-density lenses were generally helpful, but the critical issue was density more than color. Office tests of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity with colored lenses did not predict subjective benefit. The results suggest that no specific color is uniquely effective and that home trial of several lenses may be the best way to judge which filter (if any) will help an individual patient.
Comprehensive Community-based Services for Adults who are Deaf-Blind: Issues, Trends, and Services
Authors: Barrett S.S.
Published: March 2020

Persons who are deaf-blind are a heterogeneous group that require individualized rehabilitation and supported-living services to deal with their profound disabilities. This article discusses the factors that enhance the provision of high-quality services, transitional programs, and the importance of interagency collaboration in developing new services that can assist persons who are deaf-blind to live and work in their communities.
Barriers to Acquiring Assistive Technology: Cost and Lack of Information
Authors: Uslan M.M.
Published: March 2020

This article discusses two major obstacles that visually impaired persons face when considering the purchase of assistive technology—cost and lack of information about technology and financial assistance programs. The results of a survey of direct service organizations and three telephone surveys of visually impaired persons are presented to document the problem. Implications for administrators who wish to develop a financial assistance program are discussed.
The U.S. Federal Data-Collection Process for Children and Youths who are Deaf-Blind
Authors: Ward M.J. , Zambone A.M.
Published: March 2020

Obtaining accurate counts of children who are deaf-blind is important for planning resource distribution and program development and implementation. Yet accuracy has been difficult to achieve for a number of reasons. This article reports the results of policy research that examined various strategies implemented by the U.S. federal government to obtain data on child counts and the issues related to this effort and its outcomes.
Using Therapeutic Metaphor in Adjustment Counseling
Authors: Bowman G.
Published: March 2020

This article presents a general overview of the process of designing and using metaphors in adjustment counseling by rehabilitation teachers and other professionals who work with persons who are blind. The metaphorical stories contained in this article were taken from the author's caseload as a rehabilitation teacher.
Veering by Blind Pedestrians: Individual Differences and Their Implications for Instruction
Authors: Guth D. , LaDuke R.
Published: March 2020

This article reports the measurement of the “veering tendency” of four blind pedestrians over three 15-trial test sessions. The findings illustrate between- and within-subject differences in patterns of veering, and the implications of these differences for orientation and mobility instruction are discussed.
Teaching Strategies of the van Dijk Curricular Approach
Authors: MacFarland S.Z.C.
Published: March 2020

The combined loss of vision and hearing affects the learning areas of communication, socialization, conceptualization, and movement. The van Dijk curricular approach addresses these learning areas within the context of teaching children who are deaf-blind. This article presents the major teaching strategies in implementing the approach.
Using Interpreter-Tutors in School Programs for Students who are Deaf-Blind
Authors: Ford J. , Fredericks B.
Published: March 2020

This article presents a model for providing the necessary educational support to children who are deaf-blind in public schools. The model relies on the services of a new paraprofessional—the interpreter-tutor.
Including Students with Deaf-Blindness in General Education Classes
Authors: Cloninger C.J. , Giangreco M.F.
Published: March 2020

This article describes three field-tested approaches to planning educational programs in an inclusive setting for students who are deaf-blind, making decisions about support services, and developing lesson accommodations to include the students in typical class activities.
Transition in Action: Michigan's Experience
Authors: Marks S. Bruce , Feeley D.
Published: March 2020

In 1992, a multiagency model of transition planning was developed and implemented to meet the identified needs of students who are deaf-blind in Michigan. This article outlines the project's activities, accomplishments, challenges, and goals for the future.
Psychosocial Implications of Usher Syndrome, Type I, throughout the Life Cycle
Authors: Miner I.D.
Published: March 2020

Usher syndrome, Type I, requires multiple adaptations throughout the life cycle because each stage of life has tasks and losses associated with deafness and progressive retinitis pigmentosa. This article examines the issues raised at each stage, using clinical vignettes from persons who have this condition and their families.
Diabetes and Orientation and Mobility Training: An Added Challenge
Authors: Kozel B.
Published: March 2020

This article explores issues related to working with visually impaired clients with diabetes, such as the effects of insulin, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, the timing of training, complications to the feet, and fluctuations in vision. It stresses that adjustment to diabetes is a far greater problem than adjustment to visual impairment and requires clients to make major changes in their lifestyles.
Functional Communication as a Means of Decreasing Self-injurious Behavior: A Case Study
Authors: Gerra L.L. , Dorfman S. , Plaue E. , Schlackman S. , Workman D.
Published: March 2020

This case study examines the effects of a systematic functional communication training program on the self-injurious behaviors of a girl who is blind and has severe disabilities. The two-level program, in which the girl was offered choices among preferred activities and learned to use a communication board, resulted in a decrease in the episodes of these behaviors.
Engaging Underserved Community Members in Diabetes Self-Management: Evidence From the YMCA of Greater Richmond Diabetes Control Program
Authors: Allen Julie Ober , Concha Jeannie B. , Mejía Ruiz María José , Rapp Ashley , Montgomery Joshua , Smith Jana , Wolfson Julia A. , Thornton William , Mezuk Briana
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing participant engagement in a community-based diabetes self-management program (DSMP), with a focus on the needs of underserved groups (eg, racial/ethnic minorities, low income).

Methods

Focus groups were conducted with participants (n = 22) from the YMCA of Greater Richmond’s Diabetes Control Program, who were recruited using a purposeful sampling frame to capture a range of experiences. In-depth interviews were conducted with lay health coaches (n = 3). The RADaR qualitative analysis technique was used to identify themes related to factors across the continuum of engagement.

Results

Fear affected program enrollment and retention in complex ways. Peers and coaches were important for social support and accountability. The length of the program (12 weeks), accessible information, practical skill building, and emphasis on making small, feasible improvements in pursuit of larger goals were identified as critical for engagement and improving diabetes self-management. Health and outside obligations were the major barriers to program attendance.

Conclusions

Participant and coach perspectives provide important insight into existing strengths of community-based DSMPs that can be expanded on to promote engagement as well as potential opportunities for improvement. Actionable recommendations for increasing engagement of underserved groups in community-based DSMPs are provided.
What Do We Know about the University Contribution to Regional Economic Development? A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Brekke Thomas
Published: March 2020

There are a rapidly growing number of scientific studies analyzing the role of university and higher educational institutions in regional economic development. In this study, the author reviews the rapidly growing body of research streaming out of the geography of innovation and knowledge with particular attention to the period from 1994 to 2019. The author discusses several seminal contributions on the role of universities in regional economic development and then applies a systematic literature review to the extant research of 193 articles. This literature review offers a conceptual framework by identifying four key topics found in the literature: organizational capacity, intermediaries, knowledge dynamics, and policy.
Notes From the Field: Automatic Item Generation, Standard Setting, and Learner Performance in Mastery Multiple-Choice Tests
Authors: Shappell Eric , Podolej Gregory , Ahn James , Tekian Ara , Park Yoon Soo
Published: March 2020

Mastery learning assessments have been described in simulation-based educational interventions; however, studies applying mastery learning to multiple-choice tests (MCTs) are lacking. This study investigates an approach to item generation and standard setting for mastery learning MCTs and evaluates the consistency of learner performance across sequential tests. Item models, variables for question stems, and mastery standards were established using a consensus process. Two test forms were created using item models. Tests were administered at two training programs. The primary outcome, the test–retest consistency of pass–fail decisions across versions of the test, was 94% (κ = .54). Decision-consistency classification was .85. Item-level consistency was 90% (κ = .77, SE = .03). These findings support the use of automatic item generation to create mastery MCTs which produce consistent pass–fail decisions. This technique broadens the range of assessment methods available to educators that require serial MCT testing, including mastery learning curricula.
Climate extraction and supply chains of data
Authors: Brodie Patrick
Published: March 2020

The global data center industry relies on what this article defines as ‘climate extraction’. Through this peculiar but critical infrastructure for global Internet operations, a focus on Ireland reveals the entanglements of state, corporate, and environmental actors within the extractive calculations of transnational companies. Ireland has been advertised to and by data center developers because of its ‘cool’ climate while downplaying the importance of its low corporate tax rate and the government and planning system’s favorable treatment of big tech companies. Public discourses around big tech ‘greenwash’ power and contribute to a material climate (both atmospheric and infrastructural) from which value can be extracted. This is achieved by extracting for and from data circulation through the built and ‘natural’ environment. This article articulates the ways in which the spatial development of data centers as ‘strategic infrastructure’ contributes to the ongoing naturalization of capital and state power’s entanglements with the so-called natural world through technological systems.
Does process matter? Experimental evidence on the effect of procedural fairness on citizens’ evaluations of policy outcomes
Authors: Martin Aaron , Mikołajczak Gosia , Orr Raymond
Published: March 2020

One of the key factors distinguishing democracies from non-democracies is the process by which political decisions are made. Central to democratic thought is the idea that policy made in a procedurally fair manner is more legitimate than policy that violates central tenets of procedural fairness. A large number of studies from social psychology show that procedural fairness matters in citizens’ evaluations of the success and legitimacy of various outcomes. Despite this observation, most political science literature focuses on the outcomes rather than the process of policy-making. Using survey experiments we find that procedural arrangements are an important factor in citizens’ judgement of policy outcomes. Specifically, we find that fair procedural arrangements increase outcome legitimacy to the extent that citizens perceive them to be fairer. Our findings suggest that policy-makers need to pay more attention to procedural arrangements when designing policies.
Using Online Survey Software to Enhance Rigor and Efficiency of Knowledge Synthesis Reviews
Authors: Dunn Lopez Karen , Gephart Sheila M. , Hershberger Patricia E.
Published: March 2020

With the explosion of scientific literature, information technologies, and the rise of evidence-based health care, methodologies for literature reviews continue to advance. Yet there remains a lack of clarity about techniques to rigorously and efficiently extract and synthesize data from primary sources. We developed a new method for data extraction and synthesis for completing rigorous, knowledge synthesis using freely available online survey software that results in a review-specific, online data extraction, and synthesis tool. The purpose of this paper is to delineate this method using our published integrative review as an exemplar. Although the purpose of online survey software is to obtain and analyze survey responses, these software programs allows for the efficient extraction and synthesize of disparate study features from primary sources. Importantly, use of the method has the potential to increase the rigor and efficiency of published reviews bringing the promise of advancing multiple areas of health science.
Myocardial perfusion and cardiac dimensions during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation–supported circulation in a porcine model of critical post-cardiotomy failure
Authors: Solholm Atle , Salminen Pirjo-Riitta , Stangeland Lodve , Moen Christian Arvei , Mongstad Arve , Svenheim Bård , Haaverstad Rune , Grong Ketil
Published: March 2020

Introduction:

Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is widely used as mechanical circulatory support for severe heart failure. A major concern with this treatment modality is left ventricular distension due to inability to overcome the afterload created by the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit. The present porcine study evaluates coronary circulation, myocardial perfusion and ventricular distension during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Methods:

Ten anesthetized open-chest pigs were cannulated and put on cardiopulmonary bypass. Heart failure was achieved by 90 minutes of aortic cross-clamping with insufficient cardioplegic protection. After declamping, the animals were supported by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for 3 hours. Continuous haemodynamic measurements were performed at baseline, during cardiopulmonary bypass/aortic cross-clamping and during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Fluorescent microsphere injections at baseline and after 1, 2 and 3 hours on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation evaluated myocardial perfusion. Left ventricular function and distension were assessed by epicardial echocardiography.

Results:

The myocardial injury caused by 90 minutes of ischaemia resulted in a poorly contracting myocardium, necessitating venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in all animals. The circulatory support maintained the mean arterial blood pressure within a satisfactory range. A hyperaemic left anterior descending coronary artery flow while on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was observed compared to baseline. Myocardial tissue perfusion measured by microspheres was low, especially in the subendocardium. Echocardiography revealed myocardial tissue oedema, a virtually empty left ventricle, and a left ventricular output that remained negligible throughout the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation run.

Conclusion:

Coronary artery blood flow is maintained during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic arrest despite severely affected performance of the left ventricle. Myocardial perfusion decreases, however, presumably due to rapid development of myocardial tissue oedema.
Big-data business models: A critical literature review and multiperspective research framework
Authors: Wiener Martin , Saunders Carol , Marabelli Marco
Published: March 2020

The emergence of “big data” offers organizations unprecedented opportunities to gain and maintain competitive advantage. Trying to exploit the strategic business potential embedded in big data, many organizations have started to renovate their business models or develop new ones, giving rise to the phenomenon of big-data business models. Although big-data business model research is still in its infancy, a significant number of studies on the topic have been published since 2014. We thus suggest it is time to perform a critical review and assessment of the literature at the intersection of business models and big data (analytics), thereby responding to recent calls for further research on and sustained analysis of big-data business models. In particular, our review uses three major criteria (big-data business model types, dimensions, and deployment) to assess the state of the big-data business model literature and identify shortcomings in this literature. On this basis, we derive and discuss five central research perspectives (supply chain, stakeholder, ethics, national, and process), providing guidance for future research and theory development in the area. These perspectives also have practical implications on how to address the current big-data business model deployment gap.
Association between thiopurine exposure and depression in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Sutton S Scott , Magagnoli Joseph , Cummings Tammy , Hardin James W , Love Bryan L
Published: March 2020

Background:

Ras-related C3 botulinum substrate 1 (Rac1) is a member of the small molecule family Rho guanosine triphosphate (GTP)ases. Recent findings reveal epigenetic downregulation of Rac1 is a mechanism of depression.

Aims:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate Rac1 as a therapeutic target for depression we examine the association between thiopurines, which inhibit Rac1, and the risk of depression among US veterans.

Methods:

This study uses data spanning January 2000–May 2019, comparing thiopurine exposure (no exposure, less than one year, 1–2.9 years, 3–5 years, and greater than five years) in two separate cohorts, a rheumatoid arthritis cohort and inflammatory bowel disease cohort. We estimate the hazard of depression using a time dependent cox proportional hazards model.

Results:

A total of 76,763 rheumatoid arthritis and 46,787 inflammatory bowel disease patients met all inclusion criteria. Patients exposed to thiopurines less than one year have a 27% (hazard ratio=1.272; 95% confidence interval=(1.038–1.559)) and 67% (hazard ratio=1.667 95% confidence interval=(1.501–1.850)) higher risk of depression in the rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease cohorts, respectively. In the inflammatory bowel disease cohort, we find the risk of depression is increased for up to five years of thiopurine exposure.

Conclusion:

These results provide evidence that Rac1 regulation is a viable therapeutic target for depression. Further research into therapeutics targeting Rac1 for the treatment of depression is warranted.
Local Classrooms, Global Technologies: Toward the Integration of Sociotechnical Macroethical Issues Into Teacher Education
Authors: Lachney Michael , Boltz Liz O. , Dillman Brittany , Robertson Candace , Yadav Aman
Published: March 2020

Discussions of ethics within in-service teacher education tend to focus on microethical concerns (e.g., discipline) that deal with decision making at interpersonal levels. Issues concerning educational technology are no exception. Yet, as teachers choose and are expected to integrate technological devices (e.g., laptops) and sociotechnical systems (e.g., learning management systems) into pedagogical practices, their classrooms and schools may become implicated in macroethical issues (e.g., electronic waste) that reach beyond the local consequences of their direct actions. Necessitated by tight couplings of technology and education, this article presents the concept of macroethics for teacher educators by grounding it in three areas of concern: obsolescence, automation, and big data. These three areas offer opportunities to make economic and environmental issues more central to case studies on technology in teacher education. At the same time, teacher educators will need to put emphasis on critical reflection and collective action in units on macroethics since the limited impact of individual decision-making on these issues may put teachers in double binds (i.e., dilemmas with contradictory demands).
Selective intra-arterial brain cooling improves long-term outcomes in a non-human primate model of embolic stroke: Efficacy depending on reperfusion status
Authors: Wu Di , Chen Jian , Hussain Mohammed , Wu Longfei , Shi Jingfei , Wu Chuanjie , Ma Yanhui , Zhang Mo , Yang Qi , Fu Yongjuan , Duan Yunxia , Ma Cui , Yan Feng , Zhu Zixin , He Xiaoduo , Yao Tianqi , Song Ming , Zhi Xinglong , Wang Chunxiu , Cai Lipeng , Li Chuanhui , Li Shengli , Zhang Yongbiao , Ding Yuchuan , Ji Xunming
Published: March 2020

Nearly all stroke neuroprotection modalities, including selective intra-arterial cooling (SI-AC), have failed to be translated from bench to bed side. Potentially overlooked reasons may be biological gaps, inadequate attention to reperfusion states and mismatched attention to neurological benefits. To advance stroke translation, we describe a novel thrombus-based stroke model in adult rhesus macaques. Intra-arterial thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator leads to three clinically relevant outcomes – complete, partial, and no recanalization based on digital subtraction angiography. We also find reperfusion as a prerequisite for SI-AC-induced benefits, in which models with complete or partial reperfusion exhibit significantly reduced infarct volumes, mitigated neurological deficits, improved upper limb motor dysfunction in both acute and chronic stages; however, no further neuroprotection is observed in those without reperfusion. In summary, we discover reperfusion as a crucial regulator of SI-AC-induced neuroprotection and provide insights of long-term functional benefits in behavior and imaging levels. Our findings could be important not only for the translational prerequisite and potential molecular targets, but also for this thrombus-thrombolysis model in monkeys as a powerful tool for further translational stroke studies.
A mapping review of models of practice education in allied health and social care professions
Authors: Beveridge Joanna , Pentland Duncan
Published: March 2020

Introduction

Practice education is fundamental to pre-registration learning for many health and social care professions, yet finding sufficient opportunities for students is challenging. One-to-one student–educator pairings are common, and while different models could increase placement opportunities, the associated terminology is inconsistent and an overview of advantages, challenges and available evidence is missing. This mapping review identifies, categorises and critically considers the evidence for different models of practice education used by health and social care professions.

Method

Papers from 2008 onwards reporting on practice education approaches in allied health or social care profession courses were identified in three databases. Data was extracted, methodological quality categorised and a typology of practice education models developed.

Findings

Fifty-three papers were reviewed and developed into a typology of 14 models. Mapping indicated issues with a lack of high-quality research and limitations in available outcome indicators. Pre-requisites for the effective operation of different models include preparation, communication and allowing sufficient time for new ways of working.

Conclusions

Practice education discourse is characterised by varied terminology and practices. Various models for structuring practice education exist, though the evidence for their effectiveness and impact on capacity is limited. Using consistent language and considering wider impacts and outcomes is recommended in future study.
Video Confirmation of Head Impact Sensor Data From High School Soccer Players
Authors: Patton Declan A. , Huber Colin M. , McDonald Catherine C. , Margulies Susan S. , Master Christina L. , Arbogast Kristy B.
Published: March 2020

Background:

Recent advances in technology have enabled the development of head impact sensors, which provide a unique opportunity for sports medicine researchers to study head kinematics in contact sports. Studies have suggested that video or observer confirmation of head impact sensor data is required to remove false positives. In addition, manufacturer filtering algorithms may be ineffective in identifying true positives and removing true negatives.

Purpose:

To (1) identify the percentage of video-confirmed events recorded by headband-mounted sensors in high school soccer through video analysis, overall and by sex; (2) compare video-confirmed events with the classification by the manufacturer filtering algorithms; and (3) quantify and compare the kinematics of true- and false-positive events.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Adolescent female and male soccer teams were instrumented with headband-mounted impact sensors (SIM-G; Triax Technologies) during games over 2 seasons of suburban high school competition. Sensor data were sequentially reduced to remove events recorded outside of game times, associated with players not on the pitch (ie, field) and players outside the field of view of the camera. With video analysis, the remaining sensor-recorded events were identified as an impact event, trivial event, or nonevent. The mechanisms of impact events were identified. The classifications of sensor-recorded events by the SIM-G algorithm were analyzed.

Results:

A total of 6796 sensor events were recorded during scheduled varsity game times, of which 1893 (20%) were sensor-recorded events associated with players on the pitch in the field of view of the camera during verified game times. Most video-confirmed events were impact events (n = 1316, 70%), followed by trivial events (n = 396, 21%) and nonevents (n = 181, 10%). Female athletes had a significantly higher percentage of trivial events and nonevents with a significantly lower percentage of impact events. Most impact events were head-to-ball impacts (n = 1032, 78%), followed by player contact (n = 144, 11%) and falls (n = 129, 10%) with no significant differences between male and female teams. The SIM-G algorithm correctly identified 70%, 52%, and 66% of video-confirmed impact events, trivial events, and nonevents, respectively.

Conclusion:

Video confirmation is critical to the processing of head impact sensor data. Percentages of video-confirmed impact events, trivial events, and nonevents vary by sex in high school soccer. Current manufacturer filtering algorithms and magnitude thresholds are ineffective at correctly classifying sensor-recorded events and should be used with caution.
Simulation of gas–leachate pressure in various tested landfills using the differential quadrature method
Authors: Shi Jianyong , Shu Shi , Chen Minghao , Wu Xun , Dong Feng , Zhang Kunyong
Published: March 2020

The degradation of solid waste in landfills results in the coupled migration of gas and leachate through the pore spaces in waste material. The existing analytical methods cannot be used to obtain a solution for the gas–leachate coupled migration problem. This study used the differential quadrature method to solve the gas and leachate phase continuity equations considering the effect of the gas–leachate coupling. The calculation results were verified based on the calculated data of previous studies. The results of the field gas collection tests and the laboratory degradation tests were fitted using the peak gas generation equation. The peak values of gas generation were found between 0.94 and 20.29 years in the field tests, and between 0.09 and 0.19 years in the laboratory tests. The gas pressure calculated by parameters fitting of the field tests and the laboratory tests were less than 1 kPa and greater than 8 kPa, respectively. Considering the gas-leachate coupling effect, the pore gas pressure in the simulated landfill increased by approximately 20%, and the peak pore gas pressure occurred slightly earlier than that without consideration of the coupling effect.
The emergence of port engineering in the light of capitalist modernization in Brazil, 1860–1940
Authors: Honorato Cézar , Claudio Ribeiro Luiz
Published: March 2020

This article explores one of the most important dimensions of economic development: the absorption and implementation of port construction techniques and technologies. In it, we examine the process through which Brazil absorbed and developed such techniques, applying them to the construction and equipping of the ports of Rio de Janeiro, Santos and Vitória, three ports that have been active in exporting coffee from the richest region in the country since the nineteenth century. The article also presents an analysis of the development of Brazilian port engineering, the political and corporate activity of the first Brazilian engineers and, finally, the impact of this whole process on the performance of the aforementioned ports. Starting with specific port-themed bibliography, the investigation considered sources such as technical reports and pictures, and also sparse documentation organized under the evidential paradigm, to analyse the period in which the old style colonial ports were replaced by projects for the capitalist modernization of the Brazilian maritime infrastructure, formulated by an emerging national engineering.
Merchant ship deployment in the Second World War: Motor vessels Centaur, Gorgon and Charon in Australian and East Indies waters
Authors: Kennerley Alston
Published: March 2020

This study draws attention to the very large number of British merchant vessels, and their crews, which traded or acted as supply vessels through to the end of the Second World War, in contrast to those which succumbed to enemy action. Normal commercial trading between Western Australia and Java/Malaya until the fall of Singapore is contrasted with military supply ship operation between Eastern Australia and New Guinea. This is set in the context of trading before the war, and the developing political scene in south east Asia. The ships’ crews, the dangers faced, protective measures, and cargoes, including human cargoes, are considered. With one vessel surviving the war unscathed, another continuing service after war damage and repair, and one torpedoed and sunk, the article concludes that the examples fully represent the experiences of the mass of merchant shipping which ended the war in the western Pacific military supply chain.
Detriments of a Self-Sacrificing Nursing Culture on Recruitment and Retention: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Ciezar-Andersen Sylwia , King-Shier Kathryn
Published: March 2020

Aim

To investigate the presence and impact of self-sacrifice within the nursing profession.

Background

Evidence suggests the existence of a culture of self-sacrifice within nursing, but its potential detriments to the profession have not been explored.

Design

A qualitative descriptive approach was used.

Methods

Semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 practicing nurses to explore the existence and potential implications of a self-sacrificing culture within nursing.

Results

All participants reported self-sacrifice within the nursing profession as the result of the prevailing stereotypical image of the “ideal nurse,” leading to job dissatisfaction, presenteeism, and burnout. Younger nurses reported being less willing to self-sacrifice and consequently felt unsupported by management and senior staff, resulting in job dissatisfaction and intent to leave their job.

Conclusion

A culture of self-sacrifice within the nursing profession may lead to job dissatisfaction, presenteeism, burnout, and retention problems, especially for younger nurses. A self-sacrificing image of nursing may also deter potential recruits from exploring a career in the profession.
CT Imaging and Differential Diagnosis of COVID-19
Authors: Dai Wei-cai , Zhang Han-wen , Yu Juan , Xu Hua-jian , Chen Huan , Luo Si-ping , Zhang Hong , Liang Li-hong , Wu Xiao-liu , Lei Yi , Lin Fan
Published: March 2020

Since the beginning of 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout China. This study explains the findings from lung computed tomography images of some patients with COVID-19 treated in this medical institution and discusses the difference between COVID-19 and other lung diseases.
Bullying Victimization, Coping Strategies, and Depression of Children of China
Authors: Xie Shenghua , Xu Junling , Gao Yunjiao
Published: March 2020

It is common knowledge that bullying victimization and coping strategies significantly affect the psychological well-being of children. However, which coping strategies are more effective at a particular level of bullying victimization is underexplored. Using survey data from 1,634 children from 10 schools in Wuhan, China, this study aims to investigate the abovementioned research gap. The results of factor analysis suggest that coping strategies of children in China can be divided into three types: help-seeking, avoidance, and self-defense. The results of multilevel modeling suggest that children adopting different coping strategies have distinct levels of depression. Help seekers show a significantly lower level of depression than self-defenders and avoiders. However, with increased bullying victimization, the effectiveness of the help-seeking strategy gradually decreases to offset the negative effect of bullying victimization on psychological well-being. Instead, those who adopt the self-defense strategy display a lower level of depression. The findings of this study suggest that there is no single coping strategy that is best for children, and the more effective strategy largely relies on the level of bullying victimization. The findings also imply that without external support, it is almost impossible for children to completely overcome the negative consequences of bullying on their own.
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis associated with nontyphoidal Salmonella in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Cornejo-Venegas Gonzalo , Montenegro-Idrogo Juan José , Resurrección-Delgado Cristhian , Mendez-Guerra Carolina , Quevedo-Ramirez Andres , García-Cortez Yuri , Chiappe-Gonzalez Alfredo
Published: March 2020

A 27-year-old Peruvian woman living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in clinical stage B3 and not on antiretroviral therapy presented with a ten-day history of fever, chills, night sweats and a two-day history of skin lesions. On physical examination, several erythematous-purplish lesions were found on the face and legs. Meningococcal infection was suspected and ceftriaxone was started. Blood culture grew nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica. A biopsy of the skin lesions showed leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV); therefore, corticosteroids were added. After two weeks of antibiotic and corticosteroid treatment, the lesions had resolved, but they recurred two days after treatment with prednisone was stopped. Corticosteroids and combination antiretroviral therapy were started simultaneously and the lesions resolved without recurrence. HIV infection has been associated with higher rates of skin lesions in salmonellosis. LCV has been described both in the setting of HIV infection and salmonellosis. However, our review of the literature found no previous cases of LCV in concurrent HIV and salmonellosis.
Probing Ovulatory-Cycle Shifts in Women’s Preferences for Men’s Behaviors
Authors: Stern Julia , Gerlach Tanja M. , Penke Lars
Published: March 2020

The existence of ovulatory-cycle shifts in women’s mate preferences has been a point of controversy. There is evidence that naturally cycling women in their fertile phase, compared with their luteal phase, evaluate specific behavioral cues in men as more attractive for sexual relationships. However, recent research has cast doubt on these findings. We addressed this debate in a large, preregistered, within-participants study using salivary-hormone measures and luteinizing-hormone tests. One hundred fifty-seven female participants rated the sexual and long-term attractiveness of 70 men in dyadic intersexual interactions in natural videos. Multilevel comparisons across two ovulatory cycles indicated that women’s mate preferences for men’s behaviors did not shift across the cycle for either competitive or courtship behavior. Within-women hormone levels and relationship status did not affect these results. Hormonal mechanisms and implications for estrus theories are discussed.
Phenomena complexes as targets of explanation in psychopathology: The relational analysis of phenomena approach
Authors: Nielsen Kristopher , Ward Tony
Published: March 2020

In this article, we briefly overview some current approaches to identifying targets of explanation in psychopathology. We suggest that DSM syndromes and symptom network models are too large to facilitate explanatory progress, while approaches couched in the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) are too tightly focused, thereby overlooking the self-maintaining structures and processes that constitute mental disorders. We then present the Relational Analysis of Phenomena (RAP) as a complementary method. The RAP is a metamethodological explanatory framework that prescribes the repeated targeting of “phenomena complexes” (PCs). PCs are small systems of clinical phenomena and their relations. We describe a process by which PCs are targeted, richly described, and then explained. The RAP’s explanatory focus is on the relationships between clinical phenomena, which should help to reveal the constitutional structure of mental disorders. This framework is designed to be useful for theoreticians, research teams planning multidisciplinary investigatory projects, and clinicians reflecting on their explanatory methods.
Evaluation of hepatic injury in acute carbon monoxide-poisoned patients in emergency department
Authors: Kim SJ , Oh HS , Cha YS , Kim MY , Kim H
Published: March 2020

Introduction:

The affinity of hemoglobin for carbon monoxide (CO) is 250 times higher than that for oxygen. Therefore, exposure to CO leads to a reduction in oxygen delivery to tissues, resulting in cellular hypoxia and affects whole body. Hepatic dysfunction in critically ill patients is related to poor outcome, but few studies have been conducted on this subject that occurs after CO poisoning. This study aims to conduct a study of hepatic injury in CO-poisoned patients in emergency department (ED).

Methods:

This retrospective observational study collected data from patients who were diagnosed with acute CO poisoning at the ED between June 2011 and May 2018 in local tertiary-care hospital (Wonju, Republic of Korea). The primary end point of this study was to describe the prevalence of hepatic injury in acute CO-poisoned patients. The secondary goals were to investigate the recovery trends of hepatic injury caused by acute CO poisoning and the relation to neurologic outcome and mortality.

Results:

Eight hundred ninety-four patients were enrolled in the final analysis, 128 cases (14.3%) had subclinical hepatic injury and 15 (1.6%) cases had hepatic injury. The relationship with mortality was not statistically significant. However, the hepatic injury group was higher incidence of intensive care unit admission and other complications. Patients in the hepatic injury group recovered through conservative management within 1 week of being admitted to the ED.

Conclusions:

While CO-induced hepatic injury is relatively uncommon, it can be associated with complications and poor neurologic outcome. However, CO-induced hepatic injury was not found to have a statistically significant effect on mortality rate.