bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Аnalysis on motivation of students in non-linguistic educational programs
Authors:   Shoqan Ualikhanov Kokshetau University, Kokshetau, Chernigovtseva O.J. , Dalbergenova L.E. ,   Shoqan Ualikhanov Kokshetau University, Kokshetau, Pristupa Y.N. ,   Institute of Additional Vocational Training of Social Workers, Moscow
Published: March 2023

Motivation is considered one of the key factors influencing success in learning a foreign language. This article presents the results of an empirical study on the problem of motivating students in non-linguistic educational programs to learn a foreign language. The aim of the study is to identify the type and level of motivation for learning English among students of non-linguistic specialties. The study involved 84 first-year students of Shoqan Ualikhanov Kokshetau University. The analysis was carried out using a questionnaire developed based on the method for assessing the motivation in learning a foreign language (Attitude / Motivation Test Battery by Robert Gardner). Keywords: higher education, non-linguistic university, foreign language learning, motive, motivation, motivation to learn a foreign language, instrumental motives, integrative motives, analysis.
Performance evaluation of furrow irrigation system on pepper (MelkaShota) production at Tanqua Abergelle district, Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Tariku Efriem , Gebremedihin G/ Kiros
Published: March 2023

The field experiment was conducted in north Ethiopia, Tigray at sub-district called Sheka-tekli. The objective of the study was to evaluate the performance of furrow irrigation systems on pepper production. The furrow irrigation treatments were i) Conventional Furrow (CF), ii) Alternate Furrow (AF), and iii) Fixed Furrow (FF). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The climatic data were obtained from Ethiopian Meteorological Agency and New_LocClim software. The crop water requirement and irrigation scheduling were estimated using Cropwat8 software. The collected agronomic data were subjected to one way ANOVA while irrigation water related performances indicators were computed using equations. Accordingly, the fresh pepper yield for CF (12250 kg h-1) and AF (9670 kg h-1) were not significant different. However, there was significant difference between CF and FF methods of furrow irrigation. The fresh crop yield for FF was 7670 kg h-1. The water savings from AF and FF methods of irrigation as compared to the CF method was 30.62%.The economic irrigation water productivity was higher in AF (5.33 ETB m-3) than CF (4.68 ETB m-3) and FF (0.49 ETB m-3). Irrigation water productivity was 1.95 kg m-3, 2.22 kg m-3 and 1.76 kg m-3 for CF, and AF and FF methods of irrigation, respectively. Thus economic irrigation water productivity and environmental benefits foralternate furrow irrigation method (AF) was much superior as compared to other furrow irrigation methods.
On the Relationship Between Constitutional and Statutory Law in the Constitutional State
Authors:   Constitutional and administrative law at the University of Leipzig, Degenhart Christoph
Published: March 2023

ლიბერალური კონსტიტუცია მოითხოვს განხორციელებას სუბკონსტიტუციურ წყობაში. თავისუფლების კონსტიტუციისმიერი დაპირება უნდაშესრულდეს კანონშემოქმედებისა და სამართალგამოყენების დონეზე აღმასრულებელი და სასამართლო ხელისუფლების მიერ; მხოლოდ მაშინ შეძლებს კონსტიტუციური სამართალი შეასრულოს თავისი ფუნქცია, რომ იყოს სახელმწიფოს ორგანიზებისა და სახელმწიფოსა და მოქალაქეებს შორის ურთიერთობის საფუძველი და შეიძინოს ღირებული მნიშვნელობა მთელი მართლწესრიგისთვის. მართლწესრიგის ეს კონსტიტუციური შეღწევა განსაკუთრებული გამოწვევების წინაშე აყენებს „ახალგაზრდა“ კონსტიტუციებს, როგორიც იყო გერმანიის ფედერაციული რესპუბლიკის კონსტიტუცია 1949 წლის შემდეგ და როგორიც არის საქართველოს კონსტიტუცია ახლა.
El uso de organizadores textuales para comprensión lectora en lengua meta, una experiencia durante la pandemia por la Covid-19
Authors: Sánchez-Bejerano Lucía , Pérez Fernández Lucila María , Griffin Kim Lori
Published: March 2023

This study presents an investigation carried out in the European University of the Atlantic, Santander. Its main aim was to create a didactic proposal to improve reading comprehension in the subject of English as a Foreign Language, level 2. This proposal included the use of reading strategies and graphic organizers. Eleven texts from the textbook Macmillan English Hub B1+/ B2- were analyzed. The activities were improved by including a training in the use of reading strategies and a specific graphic organizer for every type of text. To apply the proposal, it was necessary to take a previous and a post reading test as well as 5 extra reading activities as part of the continuous evaluation. The application had to be adapted to online teaching because of the Covid-19 pandemic. The sample of the study consisted of 57 students enrolled in the Science of Sports degree and the Psychology degree. Thirty-one of these students took part in the experimental group, while the other 26 took part in the control group. The results showed that there were significant differences between these two groups. In conclusion, the use of reading strategies together with the training in the use of graphic organizers contributes to an improvement in reading comprehension.

El presente estudio muestra una investigación realizada en la Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, en la que se perseguía realizar una propuesta de mejora para el trabajo de la comprensión lectora en la asignatura de Inglés Instrumental II. Esta propuesta tenía que recoger estrategias de lectura y el uso de organizadores visuales textuales. Para ello se analizaron 11 lecturas del libro de texto Macmillan Hub B1+/B2- y se complementaron las actividades con un entrenamiento en estrategias de lectura y el uso de un organizador textual específico según la necesidad del texto. Para la aplicación se valoró por un lado el desempeño previo y posterior en comprensión lectora y el desempeño de 5 actividades de evaluación continua en comprensión de textos. La muestra del estudio, n=57, fueron estudiantes de segundo curso del Grado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte y el Grado en Psicología, divididos en Grupo Experimental, GE, (n=31) y Grupo de Control, GC, (n=26). Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas de hasta 2.8 puntos sobre 10 en el caso del GE respecto al de control. Por tanto, se considera que el uso de estrategias de lectura combinadas con el entrenamiento en el uso de organizadores visuales del texto contribuye a una mejora en la comprensión lectora.
Prevención del acoso escolar en los centros educativos del Principado de Asturias: percepción de las familias
Authors: Antuña Gallardo María Encarnación , Urbano Contreras Antonio , Suárez Suárez Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2023

Bullying is a reality in all educational centers, and therefore, prevention and response actions to these situations must be carried out in a coordinated manner involving the entire educational community. The aim of this research was to explore the perception of families regarding school violence, as well as their knowledge and conformity with the prevention measures available to schools. To this end, 127 families were surveyed. The results revealed differences according to gender, age, studies pursued by the families and the gender of their sons or daughters. The results also showed the importance of collaboration between families and schools for the creation of effective action measures, also showing the importance of protocols to prevent these acts of violence.

El acoso escolar es una realidad en todos los centros educativos, así, por tanto, las acciones de prevención y respuesta ante estas situaciones deben ser llevadas a cabo de forma coordinada implicando a toda la comunidad educativa. El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido descubrir la percepción de las familias respecto a la violencia escolar, así como su conocimiento y conformidad con las medidas de prevención con las que cuentan los centros escolares. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un estudio que, a través de la respuesta de 127 familias, permitió obtener resultados que confirman diferencias a razón del género, edad, estudios cursados por las familias y género de sus hijos o hijas. Los datos mostraron la importancia de la colaboración entre familia y escuela para la creación de medidas de actuación eficaces, mostrándose también la importancia de protocolos que permitan prevenir estas actuaciones de violencia.
Aviokompānijas drošības kultūras kā riska faktora teorētisko un metodoloģisko vērtēšanas pieeju izstrāde
Authors:   , Maklakovs Juris
Published: March 2023

21. gadsimtā sāka dominēt sistēmas pieeja lidojumu drošības jomā. ICAO 2020. un 2021. gadu pasludinājusi par drošības kultūras gadu, aicinot turpināt darbu, lai izstrādātu rīkus, kas uzlabo drošības kultūru, nosakot to par prioritāti. Kļūst acīmredzams, ka gan cilvēka faktors, gan zema līmeņa drošuma kultūra ir riska faktors aviācijā, un tas tieši ietekmē lidojumu drošumu. Savukārt pozitīvu drošuma kultūru raksturo savstarpēja uzticība, kas balstīta komunikācijā, kopējā izpratnē par drošības nozīmi un darbinieku ticībā preventīvu pasākumu efektivitātei. Tāpēc ir svarīgi, lai katrs aviācijas uzņēmuma vadītājs apzinātos to un būtu spējīgs noteikt un uzlabot kultūras līmeni.
Marinated oven-grilled beef entrecôte meat from a bovine farm: Evaluation of resultant physicochemical and organoleptic attributes
Authors: Okpala Charles Odilichukwu R. , Juchniewicz Szymon , Leicht Katarzyna , Korzeniowska Małgorzata , Guiné Raquel P. F.
Published: March 2023

Understanding the impact that combined action of marination and oven grill processes would have on such meat products as beef entrecôte is crucial from both consumer appeal and product development standpoints. Therefore, different marinated oven-grilled beef entrecôte meat specifically evaluating resultant physicochemical and organoleptic attributes were studied. The beef entrecôte meat was provided by a reputable local bovine farm/slaughter at Wroclaw, Poland. Physicochemical attributes involved antioxidant (2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiaziline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)), (pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), cooking weight loss, L*a*b* color, and textural cutting force). Organoleptic attributes involved sensory (flavour, appearance, tenderness, taste) and texture (hardness, chewiness, gumminess, graininess, and greasiness) aspects. Different marination variants involved constituent 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% quantities of cranberry pomace (CP), grape pomace (GP), and Baikal skullcap (BS), subsequently incorporated either African spice (AS) or industrial marinade/pickle (IM). Results showed pH, ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, TBARS, L*a*b* color, cooking weight loss, and textural cutting force, sensory and textural profile with varying range values. Concentration increases of either CP, GP, and or BS may not always go along with ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP values, given the observed decreasing or increasing fluctuations. As oven-grilling either increased or decreased the TBARS values alongside some color and textural cutting force trends, pH variations by difference seemed more apparent at samples involving GP, before CP, and then BS. The organoleptic attributes obtained differences and resemblances from both sensory and textural profile standpoints. Overall, oven-grilling promises to moderate both physicochemical and organoleptic range values of different marinated beef entrecôte meat samples in this study.
Clinical Presentation of COVID-19 and Correlation of Severity with Laboratory Parameters among Children Admitted with Severe Acute Respiratory InfectionAn Observational Study
Authors: Rani T Usha , Nirmala C , Mandala Vinodh Kumar , . Maria , . Karthik , Kotha Rakesh
Published: March 2023

Introduction: On March, 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In adults it causes mild to severe infections, but in children it usually causes asymptomatic or mild illness. Being a new pandemic, it is prudent to analyse the clinical profile, laboratory parameters and severity interpreters in children to formulate optimal management protocols. Aim: To determine the clinical and laboratory profile of children hospitalised for Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (SARI) and to evaluate the correlation between clinical severity and laboratory parameters- C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and thrombocytopenia. Materials and Methods: The present study was a prospective observational study which was undertaken for the duration of seven months from 1st April to 30th November 2020. The study included children aged 1 month to 12 years with the criteria of SARI and who were Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) positive. Test parameters such as Complete Blood Count (CBC), CRP, serum electrolytes and kidney function tests were performed at local laboratory as per standard guidelines. The correlation of laboratory parameters (thrombocytopenia, CRP and NLR) with disease severity was done with Pearson’s Rho correlation coefficient. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 118 (10.2%) children were tested positive for COVID-19, 71 (60.17%) were boys and 47 (39.83%) were girls. The commonest clinical symptoms were fever and tachypnea. Gastrointestinal symptoms were found in 54 (45.76%) of the cases. Myocarditis and shock were noticed in 10 (8.47%) children. In 25 (59.52%) of severe COVID-19 cases, NLR was >3.5 and 18 (42.86%) had thrombocytopenia. Seventeen children died of the disease with a mortality rate of 14.41%. Platelet count and NLR ratios were significantly correlated with disease severity (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Markers such as NLR and thrombocytopenia which can be used efficiently to assess the severity even in low resource settings, are relevant to a developing country like India. The ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes can be used as a prognostic marker in resource-constrained settings.
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Presenting Section as a Soft Tissue Mass on Right Thigh
Authors: Bentoor Sanjeevkumar Neelakantappa , Nerune Savitri Mallikarjun , Nikitha R
Published: March 2023

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas (NHL) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative malignancies with a greater preference for disseminating to extranodal locations. Prevalence of extranodal involvement in NHL has increased in the past decade, and the sites involved are the stomach, spleen, waldeyer’s ring, Central Nervous System (CNS), lungs and skin. This is a rare case of NHL in a 48-year-old female who presented with solitary exophytic mass with ulceration over the right thigh and erythematous plaque over postaxillary region and enlarged right inguinal and left axillary lymph nodes. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the right thigh showed lobulated mass involving skin and subcutaneous soft tissues without any intramuscular extension suggestive of neoplastic mass. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the inguinal node and biopsy of the right thigh lesion showed features suggestive of NHL. She was treated with three cycles of Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunorubicin, Oncovin and Prednisone (CHOP) regimen, but the patient succumbed to death after six months of chemotherapy
Efficacy of Carbon Dioxide Laser in Treating Oral Lichen Planus-A Scoping Review
Authors: Beulah Jeni Mercy , Deepthi Angeline , . Gracelin , Murugan Kandasamy , Deepak John Hearty
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic disorder and its aetiology is multifactorial. Factors like local and systemic inducers of cell-mediated hypersensitivity, stress, autoimmune response and viral infection play a major role. Due to the varying aetiological factors, there are varying treatment modalities. With systemic medication, remission of the lesion is the most common side-effect. Aim: To determine the efficacy of carbon dioxide laser in treating OLP. Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, the study was done between January 2022 to April 2022 at Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Tamil Nadu. Search categories were specifically followed to databases like PubMed, PubMed Central, Cochrane, Medline, Embase and in Google Scholar. MeSH terms like CO2 Laser, OLP, Carbondioxide Laser and Oral Premalignant Condition were used for searching the articles. Results: A total of 942 articles had been collected. But after analysing the articles, only 16 articles based on the preformed inclusion and exclusion criteria had been selected. Out of these three were retrospective studies, five were prospective studies, one clinical trial, one observational study and one study was a Randomised Control Trial (RCT), one was a non RCT, one was a structured abstract, one was a single arm intervention study, one was a case series, and one was a case report. Conclusion: Carbon dioxide laser was very efficient in treating larger size lesions. Recurrence rate of the lesions was very less when treated at an early stage.
Tumour Budding as a Predictive Factor for Lymph Node Metastases in Preoperative Oral Cancer Biopsies: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sindhura Nugala , Vijayasree Mandava , Sreedhar Bora , Sonia Chunduru , Dharani Devarakonda Krishna
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The enormous advancement in understanding of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OSCCs) has not been accompanied by a significant reduction in the high morbidity and mortality rates associated primarily with disease recurrence and lymph node metastases. Aim: To evaluate the tumour budding as an independent prognostic marker to predict lymph node metastasis in preoperative biopsies. Materials and Methods: The present retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Guntur Medical College (tertiary care centre), Andhra Pradesh, India, from January 2018 to December 2021. Samples collected from 32 patients with preoperative diagnostic oral cavity biopsies, who also underwent resection with cervical lymph node dissection. The degree of differentiation, preoperative tumour budding, postoperative tumour budding, and intratumoural budding in preoperative biopsies were all assessed histologically in each case. The results were analysed using Chi-square test, KaplanMeier method and log-rank test. Results: Thirty two OSCC cases were examined by Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained slides. By using univariate analysis, the histological factors like depth of invasion (p-value=0.04), pattern of invasion (p-value=0.004), presence of preoperative tumour budding (p-value=0.008), postoperative tumour budding (p-value=0.004), intratumoural tumour budding (p-value=0.019), and sex (p-value=0.03) all significantly associated with risk of lymph node metastasis. Other clinical and histological factors, including age, the largest tumour size, histological grade, Lymphovascular Invasion (LVI), Perineural Invasion (PNI), and stromal response, did not significantly associate with the probability of lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: The potential of morphological features, such as Tumour Budding (TB) evaluated in OSCC diagnostic preoperative biopsies may aid in identifying patients who may benefit from more aggressive treatments.
Impulse Buying Behavior of Footwear Purchasers: A Structural Model
Authors: Nawaz Nainan , Dastgeer Ghulam , Kashif Sadaf
Published: March 2023

The current research aimed to ascertain the impact of the in-store factors on the impulse purchasing behavior of Pakistani’ footwear consumer’. Do the in-store factors, store environment, store promotions, friendly employees, hedonic motivation, good mood, and impulse buying tendency influence the consumers when they visit the store or not? The research design took a deductive approach and survey strategy as methodological tools. The consumers of the footwear industry were approached and asked to complete the questionnaires. The study took a total sample size of 250. The recollected questionnaires were 218 out of 250, making it a response rate of 87 percent. The structural equation modeling technique (SEM) was used with AMOS’s help to analyze the data. The finding elaborated on the positive and significant impact of all the in-store factors, like the atmosphere,friendly staff, sales, etc., on consumers’ impulse buying behavior. The urge to buy impulsively plays a pivotal part in the in-store factors and impulse buying behavior. This study took the in-store factors of impulse buying behavior in Pakistan’s footwear industry, which no researcher has studied until now.
The Rising and Fall of Mobile Phone Enterprises: Patent-Based Competitive Advantage Analysis
Authors: Yang Yann-Jy
Published: March 2023

The mobile phone has been one of the most critical technological innovations in the last three decades. However, the pioneer and legendary mobile phone grants no longer hold their competitive advantage. Nowadays, many major mobile phone manufacturers are just newcomers of the past ten or fifteen years. The development of the mobile phone industry is a massive example of revealing the sustainability of competitive advantage and exploring the role of the patented invention in the competitive position of technology products. The current study analyses the rise and fall of mobile phone companies from the perspective of patent analysis. We summarize the key market shareholders of mobile phones between 1990 and 2019 and search the patent database to obtain the number of patented inventions of these mobile phone companies. The study analyses the yearly trend of patented inventions in different technology fields. By correspondence analysis, the study figures out the technological competitive advantage of these mobile phone companies in different periods. We aim to explore the rise and fall of mobile phone companies from the perspective of patented innovation and to realize the role of technology advantage as the roots of competitiveness in the mobile phone industry.
An Extension on Psycho-Socio-Cultural Model in Relocation Studies: A Sociological Analysis – Evidence from Dodoma in Tanzania
Authors: Ryakitimbo Crispin , Mrutu Lukio , Minja Mary
Published: March 2023

This study extends the use of psycho-socio-cultural (PSC) dimension model which goes far beyond its limited application to resettlement and displacement in development-induced projects. In extending its use, involuntary job relocation also changes routine culture of the relocatees into dissonant culture, which then transforms them into a different routine culture. In PSC model perspective, it is unlikely that pre-displacement, here being referred as relocation, will be recovered, let alone reestablish, in which it will take time. Although irreversible, there are strategies that could be adopted by the relocatees to cope, adapt and adjust to the newly relocated region, however, it is not guaranteed to be defined as complete recovery of the relocation. Therefore, the use of PSC model in relocation studies is paramount in understanding the restoration struggles of the livelihood, family and work experience of the relocated government officials dual career couples (RGO-DCC) due to unforeseen changes of relocation that caused the relocatees to be relocated and leave their families behind, therefore, disintegrated their social networking and other cultural surroundings. In determining how well the capital city relocation considered the livelihood of the RGO-DCC (post-relocation), it is significant to address the fundamental aspects of psycho-socio-cultural of the relocatees before relocation. Lastly, the outcome of this study highlights how PSC model is suitable to relocation studies to justify the extension of its application beyond resettlement and displacement development-induced projects.
Antibiogram Pattern of Multidrug Resistance of Gram-negative Extended Betalactamase Isolates from Urine of Diabetic Patients
Authors: Oshim Ifeanyi Onyema , Ehiaghe Joy Imuetinyan , Odeyemi Oluwayemisi , Obroh Ajirioghene Anthonia , Urama Evelyn Ukamaka , Chidiebere Gabriel Okezie
Published: March 2023

Background: The rate of multidrug resistant bacteria is the most worrisome in the health setting because it often associates with nosocomial infection.
Objectives: This present study aim at, evaluating the antibiotic pattern of multidrug resistance of Gram-negative extended betalactamase isolates from urine of diabetic patients.
Methods: This is a cross sectional study carried out at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital with a total of 110 diabetic patients and were recruited using convenient sample method. The patients were instructed on how to collect the mid-stream urine samples without contamination. The samples were cultured and characterized the isolates following standard bacteriological methods. The isolated bacteria were subjected to sensitivity test pattern using agar disc diffusion techniques. The multidrug resistant isolates were physically checked for the extended spectrum betalactamase production. Obtained data was subjected to these statistical tools; descriptive statistics, chi-square and pair-test using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS version 26).
Results: Out of 110 urine samples assessed for significant growth of bacteria, it was found that, 55(27%) were the Gram negative bacteria (GNB).The highest prevalence of isolates were E. coli 30(54.6%), followed by Klebsiella pneumonia 14 (25.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6 (10.9%), and Proteus species 5 (9.09%) respectively. The most occurrence of the MDR bacteria were found in Augmentin 46 (83.6%) as well as as Cefuroxime  43 (78.2%) respectively. The significant mean range of Augumentin and Cefixime resistant to ESBL producers were (0.53±1.2; p = 0.000) and (0.600 ± 0.974; p = 000) respectively.
Conclusion: The study detected the high proportion of multi-drug resistant isolates and the most occurrence were found in E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Regular monitoring, conducting, supervising, or management of antibiotics and molecular biomarkers for drug resistance are paramount to curtail the rate of drug-resistant pathogens.
A Lei n. 14.200/2021 como Mecanismo de Dinamização do Licenciamento Compulsório de Vacinas no Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Jonath de Andrade , Areda Camila Alves , Santos Gracielle Guedes dos , Barros Roberta Ferreira
Published: March 2023

Em 2019, chegaram as primeiras notícias do surgimento da COVID-19. Uma epidemia que ceifou milhares de vidas no Brasil. O desenvolvimento de vacinas para proteger a população, então, se tornou emergencial. Considerando essa necessidade rápida, com o intuito de dar celeridade à produção nacional de vacinas, foi promulgada a Lei n. 14.200/2021, que altera a Lei de Propriedade Industrial – Lei n. 9.279/1996, com o objetivo de normatizar a questão do licenciamento compulsório de patentes ou de pedidos de patentes nos casos de declaração de emergência nacional, internacional, interesse público ou, ainda, reconhecimento de calamidade pública de âmbito nacional. A proposta deste artigo foi trazer uma contribuição acerca desse dispositivo normativo como possível agente de dinamização do licenciamento compulsório de vacinas no Brasil.
Hesitação Vacinal e seus Fatores Associados no Contexto da Pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil
Authors: Leite Emanuel Sinério Ferreira , Martins Marlos Gomes , Martins Carla Maria do Carmo Resende
Published: March 2023

A COVID-19 foi disseminada pelo mundo, e a principal estratégia de controle da doença tem sido a imunização da população, porém, a hesitação por parte da população em receber o imunizante dificulta esse processo. O objetivo deste estudo foi reunir evidências relacionadas à hesitação vacinal contra a COVID-19 e seus fatores associados no Brasil. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica conforme prevê o método PRISMA, com busca sistemática de estudos nas bases de dados PubMed/Medline, Science Direct e Portal de Periódicos Capes. Ademais, foi realizada uma análise descritiva dos dados com o auxílio da plataforma Rayyan. A busca resultou em 11 artigos completos, com uma taxa média de aproximadamente 11% de hesitação vacinal na população estudada. Foram observados fatores principalmente associados a questões socioeconômicas e por estarem expostos a fontes de informação de menor confiabilidade. Portanto, é necessário combater a disseminação da desinformação como importante estratégia de saúde pública.
Evaluation of Employment Loss and Financial Hardship Among US Adults With Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nguyen Oliver T. , Lee Juhan , Tabriz Amir Alishahi , Hong Young-Rock , Al Jumayli Mohammed , Reblin Maija , Turner Kea
Published: March 2023

This cross-sectional study estimates the prevalence and determinants of employment loss and financial hardship among adults with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Obstetric and Neonatal Outcomes Associated With Implementation of a COVID-19 Predelivery Screening Policy in a Taiwan Hospital
Authors: Lai Hui-Chin , Juan Po-Kai , Chang Szu-Ling , Tsai Jen-Fu , Su Yun-Han , Su Hsiu-Wei
Published: March 2023

This cohort study examines obstetric and neonatal outcomes associated with predelivery screening policy implementation aimed to prevent COVID-19 in a Taiwan hospital.
Efficacy and Safety of Weekly Paclitaxel Plus Vistusertib vs Paclitaxel Alone in Patients With Platinum-Resistant Ovarian High-Grade Serous Carcinoma
Authors: Banerjee Susana , Giannone Gaia , Clamp Andrew R. , Ennis Darren P. , Glasspool Rosalind M. , Herbertson Rebecca , Krell Jonathan , Riisnaes Ruth , Mirza Hasan B. , Cheng Zhao , McDermott Jacqueline , Green Clare , Kristeleit Rebecca S. , George Angela , Gourley Charlie , Lewsley Liz-Anne , Rai Debbie , Banerji Udai , Hinsley Samantha , McNeish Iain A.
Published: March 2023

Importance

Patients with platinum-resistant or refractory ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (PR-HGSC) have a poor prognosis and few therapeutic options. Preclinical studies support targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in this setting, and a phase 1 study of the dual mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitor vistusertib with weekly paclitaxel showed activity.

Objective

To evaluate whether the addition of vistusertib to weekly paclitaxel improves clinical outcomes in patients with PR-HGSC.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter randomized clinical trial recruited patients from UK cancer centers between January 2016 and March 2018. Patients with PR-HGSC of ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal origin and with measurable or evaluable disease (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 and/or Gynecological Cancer Intergroup cancer antigen 125 criteria) were eligible. There were no restrictions on number of lines of prior therapy. Data analysis was performed from May 2019 to January 2022.

Interventions

Patients were randomized (1:1) to weekly paclitaxel (80 mg/m2 days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle) plus oral vistusertib (50 mg twice daily) or placebo.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary end point was progression-free survival in the intention-to-treat population. Secondary end points included response rate, overall survival, and quality of life.

Results

A total of 140 patients (median [range] age, 63 [36-86] years; 17.9% with platinum-refractory disease; 53.6% with ≥3 prior therapies) were randomized. In the paclitaxel plus vistusertib vs paclitaxel plus placebo groups, there was no difference in progression-free survival (median, 4.5 vs 4.1 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.84; 80% CI, 0.67-1.07; 1-sided P = .18), overall survival (median, 9.7 vs 11.1 months; HR, 1.21; 80% CI, 0.91-1.60) or response rate (odds ratio, 0.86; 80% CI, 0.55-1.36). Grade 3 to 4 adverse events were 41.2% (weekly paclitaxel plus vistusertib) vs 36.7% (weekly paclitaxel plus placebo), and there was no difference in quality of life.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this randomized clinical trial of weekly paclitaxel and dual mTORC1/2 inhibition in patients with PR-HGSC, vistusertib did not improve clinical activity of weekly paclitaxel.

Trial Registration

isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN16426935
Mechanism of imidazole inhibition of a GH1 β‐glucosidase
Authors: Chagas Rafael S. , Otsuka Felipe A. M. , Pineda Mario A. R. , Salinas Roberto K. , Marana Sandro R.
Published: March 2023

Imidazole is largely employed in recombinant protein purification, including GH1 β‐glucosidases, but its effect on the enzyme activity is rarely taken into consideration. Computational docking suggested that imidazole interacts with residues forming the active site of the GH1 β‐glucosidase from Spodoptera frugiperda (Sfβgly). We confirmed this interaction by showing that imidazole reduces the activity of Sfβgly, which does not result from enzyme covalent modification or promotion of transglycosylation reactions. Instead, this inhibition occurs through a partial competitive mechanism. Imidazole binds to the Sfβgly active site, reducing the substrate affinity by about threefold, whereas the rate constant of product formation remains unchanged. The binding of imidazole within the active site was further confirmed by enzyme kinetic experiments in which imidazole and cellobiose competed to inhibit the hydrolysis of p‐nitrophenyl β‐glucoside. Finally, imidazole interaction in the active site was also demonstrated by showing that it hinders access of carbodiimide to the Sfβgly catalytic residues, protecting them from chemical inactivation. In conclusion, imidazole binds in the Sfβgly active site, generating a partial competitive inhibition. Considering that GH1 β‐glucosidases share conserved active sites, this inhibition phenomenon is probably widespread among these enzymes, and this should be taken into account when considering the characterization of their recombinant forms.
High‐Throughput Screening Thickness‐Dependent Resistive Switching in SrTiO3 Thin Films for Robust Electronic Synapse
Authors: Tang Mingkai , Dai Liyufen , Cheng Mingqiang , Zhang Yuan , Wang Yanghe , Zhong Xiangli , Wang Jinbin , An Feng , Ma Ming , Huang Mingqiang , Li Changjian , Li Jiangyu , Zhong Gaokuo
Published: March 2023

The functionalities and applications of oxide thin films are highly dependent on their thickness. Most thickness‐dependent studies on oxide thin films require the preparation of independent samples, which is labor‐intensive and time‐consuming and inevitably introduces experimental errors. To address this challenge, a general strategy based on high‐throughput pulsed laser deposition technology is proposed to precisely control the thin‐film thickness in local regions under similar growth conditions. The as‐proposed synthesis strategy is demonstrated using typical complex oxide materials of SrTiO3 (STO). Consequently, high‐throughput STO thin films with nine gradient thicknesses ranging from 10.1 to 30.5 nm are fabricated. Notably, a transition from the unipolar to the bipolar resistive switching mode is observed with increasing STO thickness. Moreover, a physical mechanism based on the heterostructure‐mediated redistribution of oxygen vacancies is employed to interpret the transition between the two memristive patterns. The screening of STO thin films with different resistive switching behaviors revealed that the STO thin film with a thickness of 20.3 nm exhibit excellent conductance modulation properties under the application of electrical pulses as well as significant reliability for the emulation of various synaptic functions, rendering it a promising material for artificial neuromorphic computing applications.
Printing‐Induced Alignment Network Design of Polymer Matrix for Stretchable Perovskite Solar Cells with Over 20% Efficiency
Authors: Gong Chenxiang , Li Feng , Hu Xiaotian , Wang Cong , Shi Siyi , Hu Ting , Zhang Nan , Liang Chao , Wu Dongdong , Chen Yiwang
Published: March 2023

Polymer matrix is felicitously applied into the active layer and transporting layer of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to enable a stretchable function. However, the chaotic deposition of polymer chains is the main cause for the inferior photoelectric performance. When the stretchable PSCs are in a working state, the stress cannot be removed effectively due to the random polymer chain deposition. The stress accumulation will cause irreversible damage to the stretchable PSCs. Herein, the structural bionics and patterned‐meniscus coating technology are combined to print the polymer chain‐oriented deposition in the stretchable PSCs. Based on this approach, the conducting polymer electrode is printed with both significant mechanical stability and conductivity. More importantly, the oriented polyurethane with self‐healing property can enhance the crystal quality of perovskite films and repair perovskite cracks caused by stress destruction. Thus, the corresponding stretchable PSCs achieve a stabilized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.04% (1.0 cm2) and 16.47% (9 cm2) with minor efficiency discrepancy. Notably, the stretchable PSCs can maintain 86% of the primitive PCE after 1000 cycles of bending with a stretch ratio of 30%. This directional growth of polymer chain strategy provides guidance for printing prominent‐performance stretchable PSCs.
Tailoring Anion Association Strength Through Polycation‐Anion Coordination Mechanism in Imidazole Polymeric Ionic Liquid‐Based Artificial Interphase toward Durable Zn Metal Anodes
Authors: Ke Jiaqi , Wen Zhipeng , Yang Yang , Tang Rong , Tang Yongchao , Ye Minghui , Liu Xiaoqing , Zhang Yufei , Li Cheng Chao
Published: March 2023

Artificial interface layer engineering is an efficacious modification strategy for protecting zinc anode from dendrite growth and byproducts formation. However, the high bulk ionic conductivity of most artificial interfacial layers is mainly contributed by the movement of anions (SO42−), which is the source of parasitic reactions on zinc anode. Herein, a high zinc ion donor transition (σZn2+ = 3.89 × 10−2 S cm−1) imidazole polymeric ionic liquid interface layer (1‐carboxymethyl‐3‐vinylimidazolium bromide monomer, CVBr) for Zn metal protection is designed. The N+ atom of imidazole rings is connected by chains to form the cavities and the anions are confined within these cavities. Thus, the hindering effect of surrounding units on the anions leads to the subdiffusive regime, which inhibits the diffusion of SO42− in interface and increases Zn2+ transference number. Besides, the polycation‐anion coordination mechanism of PolyCVBr ensures accelerated Zn2+ transition and realizes rapid internal Zn2+ migration channel. As a result, the Zn@CVBr||AM symmetry cells deliver high bulk ionic conductivity (4.42 × 10−2 S cm−1) and high Zn2+ transference number (tZn2+ = 0.88) simultaneously. The Zn@CVBr||AM‐NaV3O8 pouch cells display the capacity retention of 88.9% after 190 cycles under 90° bending, verifying their potential practical application.
Realizing the Heteromorphic Superlattice: Repeated Heterolayers of Amorphous Insulator and Polycrystalline Semiconductor with Minimal Interface Defects
Authors: Lee Woongkyu , Chen Xianyu , Shao Qing , Baik Sung‐Il , Kim Sungkyu , Seidman David , Bedzyk Michael , Dravid Vinayak , Ketterson John B. , Medvedeva Julia , Chang Robert P. H. , Grayson Matthew A.
Published: March 2023

An unconventional “heteromorphic” superlattice (HSL) is realized, comprised of repeated layers of different materials with differing morphologies: semiconducting pc‐In2O3 layers interleaved with insulating a‐MoO3 layers. Originally proposed by Tsu in 1989, yet never fully realized, the high quality of the HSL heterostructure demonstrated here validates the intuition of Tsu, whereby the flexibility of the bond angle in the amorphous phase and the passivation effect of the oxide at interfacial bonds serve to create smooth, high‐mobility interfaces. The alternating amorphous layers prevent strain accumulation in the polycrystalline layers while suppressing defect propagation across the HSL. For the HSL with 7:7 nm layer thickness, the observed electron mobility of 71 cm2 Vs‐1, matches that of the highest quality In2O3 thin films. The atomic structure and electronic properties of crystalline In2O3/amorphous MoO3 interfaces are verified using ab‐initio molecular dynamics simulations and hybrid functional calculations. This work generalizes the superlattice concept to an entirely new paradigm of morphological combinations.
Bi‐Deficiency Leading to High‐Performance in Mg3(Sb,Bi)2‐Based Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Li Jing‐Wei , Liu Weishu , Xu Wei , Zhuang Hua‐Lu , Han Zhijia , Jiang Feng , Zhang Peng , Hu Haihua , Gao Hanbin , Jiang Yilin , Cai Bowen , Pei Jun , Su Bin , Li Qian , Hayashi Kei , Li Hezhang , Miyazaki Yuzuru , Cao Xingzhong , Zheng Qiang , Li Jing‐Feng
Published: March 2023

Mg3(Sb,Bi)2 is a potential nearly‐room temperature thermoelectric compound composed of earth‐abundant elements. However, complex defect tuning and exceptional microstructural control are required. Prior studies have confirmed the detrimental effect of Mg vacancies (VMg) in Mg3(Sb,Bi)2. This study proposes an approach to mitigating the negative scattering effect of VMg by Bi deficiency, synergistically modulating the electrical and thermal transport properties to enhance the thermoelectric performance. Positron annihilation spectrometry and Cs‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy analyses indicated that the VMg tends to coalesce due to the introduced Bi vacancies (VBi). The defects created by Bi deficiency effectively weaken the scattering of electrons from the intrinsic VMg and enhance phonon scattering. A peak zT of 1.82 at 773 K and high conversion efficiency of 11.3% at ∆T = 473 K are achieved in the optimized composition of Mg3(Sb,Bi)2 by tuning the defect combination. This work demonstrates a feasible and effective approach to improving the performance of Mg3(Sb,Bi)2 as an emerging thermoelectric material.
Resonant‐Cavity‐Enhanced Electrochromic Materials and Devices
Authors: Chen Jian , Song Ge , Cong Shan , Zhao Zhigang
Published: March 2023

With rapid advances in optoelectronics, electrochromic materials and devices have received tremendous attentions from both industry and academia for their strong potentials in wearable and portable electronics, displays/billboards, adaptive camouflage, tunable optics, and intelligent devices, etc. However, conventional electrochromic materials and devices typically present some serious limitations such as undesirable dull colors, and long switching time, hindering their deeper development. Optical resonators have been proven to be the most powerful platform for providing strong optical confinement and controllable lightmatter interactions. They generate locally enhanced electromagnetic near‐fields that can convert small refractive index changes in electrochromic materials into high‐contrast color variations, enabling multicolor or even panchromatic tuning of electrochromic materials. Here, resonant‐cavity‐enhanced electrochromic materials and devices, an advanced and emerging trend in electrochromics, are reviewed. In this review, w e will focus on the progress in multicolor electrochromic materials and devices based on different types of optical resonators and their advanced and emerging applications, including multichromatic displays, adaptive visible camouflage, visualized energy storage, and applications of multispectral tunability. Among these topics, principles of optical resonators, related materials/devices and multicolor electrochromic properties are comprehensively discussed and summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects for resonant‐cavity‐enhanced electrochromic materials and devices are presented.
Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence and Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence in Sulfidoazatriangulene‐Based Materials and their S‐oxides
Authors: Elgadi Seja A. , Mayder Don M. , Hojo Ryoga , Hudson Zachary M.
Published: March 2023

Structural constraint is an emerging strategy for improving the photoluminescence quantum yield, molar absorptivity, and color purity of luminescent materials. In this report, emitters displaying thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) are achieved for the first time using the planarized donor sulfidotetramethyazatriangulene (SMAT). Compared to non‐planarized phenothiazine (PTZ) donors, the enhanced rigidity of SMAT contributes to improved color purity and photoluminescence quantum yield, with up to 90% quantum yield observed for donor–acceptor compounds in toluene solution. Planarized SMAT‐based emitters also offer up to tenfold enhancement in two‐photon absorption cross‐section compared to analogous PTZ‐based materials. Oxidation of sulfur‐containing donors to sulfoxide and sulfone derivatives is demonstrated as a simple and generalizable means of tuning the electron‐donating ability of sulfur‐containing moieties. SMAT‐TRZ and SOMAT‐TRZ both exhibit TADF, with green and blue emission, respectively, while SO2MAT‐TRZ displays blue room temperature phosphorescence. Overall, this work demonstrates that SMAT and its S‐oxides can be used to design high‐performance luminescent materials with emergent properties such as TADF or room‐temperature phosphorescence.
Inkjet‐Printed Microlenses Integrated onto Organic Photodiodes for Highly Accurate Proximity Sensing
Authors: Seiberlich Mervin , Zhang Qiaoshuang , Tunc Ali Veysel , Xia Kai , Ruiz‐Preciado Luis Arturo , Schlisske Stefan , Falis Konstantinos , Strobel Noah , Lemmer Uli , Hernandez‐Sosa Gerardo
Published: March 2023

The current needs for optical detectors in industrial and consumer electronics require sensors with thin form‐factors, high performance and a facile fabrication and integration. In this work, the integration of inkjet printed microlenses onto solution‐processed organic photodiodes is demonstrated to enable high‐accuracy proximity sensing via the focused induced photoresponse (FIP) effect. By precisely controlling the ink deposition and substrate properties, it is able to tune the microlens focal length from 150 to 775 μm. This allows to the appropriate microlens design to be chosen to take advantage of the FIP effect. By comparing the photocurrent ration of a device with and without microlenses, absolute proximity measurements in the range of 100 μm to 4 mm are achieved. Champion devices yield an accuracy of down to ±50 μm within three standard deviations (3σ). These results highlight the potential of the microlens‐OPD integration for highly accurate and close‐distance proximity applications in a variety of fields.
Regulating Polaron Transport Regime via Heterojunction Engineering in Cove‐Type Graphene Nanoribbons
Authors: Cassiano Tiago de Sousa Araújo , Júnior Luiz Antônio Ribeiro , Silva Geraldo Magela e , Neto Pedro Henrique de Oliveira
Published: March 2023

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are emerging materials inheriting excellent properties from graphene while potentially exhibiting semiconducting behavior. All these features sparked numerous efforts to insert GNRs in nanoelectronics. As a result, synthesis routes with atomic resolution are now a reality. Recently, the rise of heterojunction (HJ) engineering pushed even further the prospects, allowing the blending of different GNRs as building blocks. However, much of the potential behind it remains untouched for some junctions. In this work, the consequences of forming a cove‐type GNR (CGNR) HJ by assembling specimens with borders of different zig‐zag/armchair ratios are explored. The nanoribbons are simulated using the extended two‐dimensional Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model with electron–phonon coupling. The findings show that manipulating the junction creates multiple routes for smooth monotonic gap tuning. Moreover, the changes in the hopping mechanism, mobility, and effective mass are reported leading to variations up to 10 000 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 0.425 me. This work reveals a pathway to expand the modularity of CGNRs through smooth control of the charge carrier's properties. Future applications can explore this feature to design devices with highly specific charge transport characteristics. The study also serves as theoretical background, potentially inspiring new tuning strategies in other GNRs.