bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Happens When the Zygote Divides? On the Metaphysics of Monozygotic Twinning
Authors: Skrzypek Jeremy W
Published: May 2024

It is often argued that certain metaphysical complications surrounding the phenomenon of monozygotic twinning force us to conclude that, prior to the point at which twinning is no longer possible, the zygote or early embryo cannot be considered an individual human organism. In this essay, I argue, on the contrary, that there are in fact several ways of making sense of monozygotic twinning that uphold the humanity of the original zygote, but also that there is no easy answer to what happens when the human zygote twins. All of the options available carry with them one or more surprising, alarming, or otherwise counterintuitive implications. All things considered, I conclude that the “budding option,” according to which the original human organism present before twinning carries on as one of the resulting embryos but not the other, is the most plausible explanation of what happens when a human zygote twins.
Structural and functional investigation of the DHH/DHHA1 family proteins in Deinococcus radiodurans
Authors: Wang Ying , Hao Wanshan , Guo Ziming , Sun Yiyang , Wu Yu , Sun Yukang , Gao Tianwen , Luo Yun , Jin Lizan , Yang Jieyu , Cheng Kaiying
Published: May 2024

DHH/DHHA1 family proteins have been proposed to play critical roles in bacterial resistance to environmental stresses. Members of the most radioresistant bacteria genus, Deinococcus, possess two DHH/DHHA1 family proteins, RecJ and RecJ-like. While the functions of Deinococcus radiodurans RecJ (DrRecJ) in DNA damage resistance have been well characterized, the role and biochemical activities of D. radiodurans RecJ-like (DrRecJ-like) remain unclear. Phenotypic and transcriptomic analyses suggest that, beyond DNA repair, DrRecJ is implicated in cell growth and division. Additionally, DrRecJ-like not only affects stress response, cell growth, and division but also correlates with the folding/stability of intracellular proteins, as well as the formation and stability of cell membranes/walls. DrRecJ-like exhibits a preferred catalytic activity towards short single-stranded RNA/DNA oligos and c-di-AMP. In contrast, DrRecJ shows no activity against RNA and c-di-AMP. Moreover, a crystal structure of DrRecJ-like, with Mg2+ bound in an open conformation at a resolution of 1.97 Å, has been resolved. Subsequent mutational analysis was conducted to pinpoint the crucial residues essential for metal cation and substrate binding, along with the dimerization state, necessary for DrRecJ-like's function. This finding could potentially extend to all NrnA-like proteins, considering their conserved amino acid sequence and comparable dimerization forms.
Intramedullary Spinal Cord Malakoplakia Mimicking Malignant Neoplasm on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Sung Woo Jung , Choi Byungwook
Published: May 2024

We report a rare case of intramedullary spinal cord malakoplakia mimicking malignancy on 18F-FDG PET/CT. A 61-year-old man underwent a contrast-enhanced spinal cord MRI to evaluate 1 week of progressive left-sided weakness. Spinal cord MRI showed a 1.3-cm enhancing intramedullary cervical spinal cord mass at C5 level with cord edema. Subsequently, 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed for evaluation. The images showed a well-circumscribed hypermetabolic mass in the spinal cord; no lesions were suggestive of malignancy or metastasis. A subtotal tumor excision was performed; histopathological examination revealed malakoplakia. This emphasizes the significance of histopathological evaluation and the importance of diagnostic confirmation.
AptaGPT: Advancing aptamer design with a generative pre-trained language model
Authors: Ding Shijian , Yang Xin , Chan Chi Ho , Ma Yuan , Yu Sifan , Wang Luyao , Lyu Aiping , Zhang Baoting , Yu Yuanyuan , Zhang Ge
Published: May 2024

Aptamers, synthetic oligonucleotide ligands, have shown significant promise for therapeutic and diagnostic applications owing to their high specificity and affinity for target molecules. However, the conventional Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) for aptamer selection is time-consuming and often yields limited candidates. To address these limitations, we introduce AptaGPT, a novel computational strategy that leverages a Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) model to design and optimize aptamers. By training on SELEX data from early rounds, AptaGPT generated a diverse array of aptamer sequences, which were then computationally screened for binding using molecular docking. The results of this study demonstrated that AptaGPT is an effective tool for generating potential high-affinity aptamer sequences, significantly accelerating the discovery process and expanding the potential for aptamer research. This study showcases the application of generative language models in bioengineering and provides a new avenue for rapid aptamer development.
Tumour specimen cold ischemia time impacts molecular cancer drug target discovery
Authors: von der Heyde Silvia , Raman Nithya , Gabelia Nina , Matias-Guiu Xavier , Yoshino Takayuki , Tsukada Yuichiro , Melino Gerry , Marshall John L. , Wellstein Anton , Juhl Hartmut , Landgrebe Jobst
Published: May 2024

Tumour tissue collections are used to uncover pathways associated with disease outcomes that can also serve as targets for cancer treatment, ideally by comparing the molecular properties of cancer tissues to matching normal tissues. The quality of such collections determines the value of the data and information generated from their analyses including expression and modifications of nucleic acids and proteins. These biomolecules are dysregulated upon ischemia and decomposed once the living cells start to decay into inanimate matter. Therefore, ischemia time before final tissue preservation is the most important determinant of the quality of a tissue collection. Here we show the impact of ischemia time on tumour and matching adjacent normal tissue samples for mRNAs in 1,664, proteins in 1,818 and phosphoproteins in 1,800 cases (tumour and matching normal samples) of four solid tumour types (CRC, HCC, LUAD and LUSC NSCLC subtypes). In CRC, ischemia times exceeding 15 minutes impacted 12.5% (mRNA), 25% (protein) and 50% (phosphosites) of differentially expressed molecules in tumour versus normal tissues. This hypoxia- and decay-induced dysregulation increased with longer ischemia times and was observed across tumour types. Interestingly, the proteomics analysis revealed that specimen ischemia time above 15 minutes is mostly associated with a dysregulation of proteins in the immune response pathway and less so with metabolic processes. We conclude that ischemia time is a crucial quality parameter for tissue collections used for target discovery and validation in prognostic cancer research.
A short noncoding RNA modulates gene expression and affects stress response and parasite differentiation inLeishmania braziliensis
Authors: Quilles José C. , Espada Caroline R. , Orsine Lissur A. , Defina Tânia A. , Almeida Letícia , Holetz Fabíola , Cruz Angela K.
Published: May 2024

The protozoan parasiteLeishmaniaspp. is a causative agent of leishmaniasis, a disease that affects millions of people in more than 80 countries worldwide. Apart from its medical relevance, this organism has a genetic organization that is unique among eukaryotes. Studies of the mechanisms regulating gene expression inLeishmanialed us to investigate noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) as regulatory elements. We previously identified differentially expressed (DE) ncRNAs inLeishmania braziliensiswith potential roles in the parasite biology and development. Herein, we present a functional analysis of one such DE ncRNA, the 147-nucleotide-long transcript ncRNA97, which is preferentially expressed in amastigotes, the replicative form within mammalian phagocytes. By RT-qPCR the ncRNA97 was detected in greater quantities in the nucleus under physiological conditions and in the cytoplasm under nutritional stress. Interestingly, the transcript is protected at the 5’ end but is not processed by the canonical trypanosomatidtrans-splicing mechanism, according to the RNA circularization assay. ncRNA97 knockout(KO)and addback(AB)transfectants were generated and subjected to phenotypic analysis, which revealed that ncRNA97 impairs the starvation response and differentiation to the infective form. Comparative transcriptomics of ncRNA97KOand parental cells revealed that transcripts encoding amastigote-specific proteins were affected. This pioneering work demonstrates that ncRNAs contribute to the developmental regulatory mechanisms ofLeishmania.
Serratia sp. dominates the lung microbiome of patients with tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung diseases
Authors: Belheouane Meriem , Kalsdorf Barbara , Niemann Stefan , Gaede Karoline I. , Lange Christoph , Heyckendorf Jan , Merker Matthias
Published: May 2024

Background

Pathogenic mycobacteria, such as theMycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex (Mtbc), and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs) can cause severe chronic pulmonary infections. However, not all infected patients develop active disease. Yet, it is unclear whether certain key taxa in the lung microbiome play a role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB) and NTM lung disease (LD).

Material and methods

We employed 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (V3-V4) to characterize the baseline microbiome in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from a patient cohort diagnosed with TB (n=23), NTM-LD (n=19), or non-infectious disease (n=4) prior to the initiation of therapy. The analysis included the depletion of human cells, removal of extracellular DNA, implementation of a decontamination strategy, and exploratory whole-metagenome sequencing (WMS) of selected specimens.

Results

The generaSerratiaand unclassifiedYersiniaceaedominated the lung microbiome of all patients with a mean relative abundance of >15% and >70%, respectively. However, at the sub-genus level, as determined by amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), TB-patients exhibited increased community diversity, and TB specific ASV_7 (unclassifiedYersiniaceae), and ASV_21 (Serratia) signatures. Exploratory analysis by WMS and ASV similarity analysis suggested the presence ofSerratia liquefaciens,Serratia grimesii,Serratia myotisand/orSerratia quinivoransin both TB and NTM-LD patients. Overall, presence/absence of certainSerratiaASVs was significantly associated with disease state.

Conclusion

The lung microbiome of TB patients harbors a distinct, and heterogenous microbiome structure with specific occurrences of certainSerratiatraits.Serratia sp.plays a pivotal role in our understanding of microbial interactions in the lung microbiome of patients infected with Mtbc.
Unlocking determinants of smart construction: an integrated model of UTAUT2, TTF, and perceived risk for IoT acceptance in AEC industry
Authors: Wang Kaiyang , Guo Fangyu , Zhang Cheng , Hao Jianli , Wang Zhitao
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The Internet of Things (IoT) offers substantial potential for improving efficiency and effectiveness in various applications, notably within the domain of smart construction. Despite its growing adoption within the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry, its utilization remains limited. Despite efforts made by policymakers, the shift from traditional construction practices to smart construction poses significant challenges. Consequently, this study aims to explore, compare, and prioritize the determinants that impact the acceptance of the IoT among construction practitioners.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the integrated model of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2), Task-Technology Fit (TTF), and perceived risk. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 309 construction practitioners in China, and the collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the proposed hypotheses.

Findings

The findings indicate that TTF, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, facilitating conditions, and perceived risk exert significant influence on construction practitioners’ intention to adopt IoT. Conversely, social influence and habit exhibit no significant impact. Notably, the results unveil the moderating influence of gender on key relationships – specifically, performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, and habit – in relation to the behavioral intention to adopt IoT among construction practitioners. In general, the model explains 71% of the variance in the behavioral intention to adopt IoT, indicating that the independent constructs influenced 71% of practitioners’ intentions to use IoT.

Practical implications

These findings provide both theoretical support and empirical evidence, offering valuable insights for stakeholders aiming to gain a deeper understanding of the critical factors influencing practitioners’ intention to adopt IoT. This knowledge equips them to formulate programs and strategies for promoting effective IoT implementation within the AEC field.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the existing literature by affirming antecedents and uncovering moderators in IoT adoption. It enhances the existing theoretical frameworks by integrating UTAUT2, TTF, and perceived risk, thereby making a substantial contribution to the advancement of technology adoption research in the AEC sector.
Managing workplace bullying and harassment in the Canadian work context: same old, same old
Authors: McKay Ruth , Uruthirapathy Aareni , Pankova Yulia
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Canadian organizations started addressing workplace bullying and harassment in the 1990s. Proactive organizations have written policies, trained managers and employees, created a complaint process and conducted surveys. The objective of this study is to examine how effective these efforts by Canadian organizations have been.

Design/methodology/approach

Data for this research were collected through a survey administered to employees in Canadian workplaces (n = 1,000), including managers (n = 461). A stratified sample was used to facilitate a good representation of region, age, gender, sector and occupational level of working Canadians.

Findings

The survey indicated that some Canadian organizations continue to be negligent in addressing workplace bullying and harassment and that the problem is particular to large organizations, young employees and the private sector.

Research limitations/implications

The survey identifies that some Canadian organizations are still negligent in addressing workplace bullying and harassment. The problem is particular to large organizations, young employees and the public sector.

Practical implications

Senior and middle-level managers need to be aware that workplace bullying and harassment continue to occur in their work environment. Further, given that managers at times defer excessively to authority, the human resource (HR) department has a vital role in addressing workplace bullying and harassment. HR needs to establish a reputation among employees that their complaints will be taken seriously, and corrective actions will be taken.

Originality/value

This study examined the nature of workplace bullying and harassment in the Canadian context. The study found that organizations are still neglecting issues of workplace bullying and harassment and that there is a disconnect between what employees are experiencing and what senior management is professing is the situation. This disconnect is a continued liability for organizations.
A knowledge-based perspective on SME foreign market entry mode choices and changes
Authors: Stoian Maria-Cristina
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Despite the importance of foreign market entry mode (FMEM) decisions for the internationalisation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), there is insufficient understanding of the knowledge types and sources necessary for such decisions. This study addresses this issue by investigating the knowledge configurations that underpin FMEM initial choices and subsequent changes in SMEs.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted an interpretive approach and analysed empirical data from 37 in-depth interviews with decision-makers in internationalised SMEs from the United Kingdom.

Findings

The findings reveal that different knowledge configurations drive FMEM decisions in SMEs. Based on the analysis conducted for this study, initial FMEM choices draw on prior experiential knowledge combined with knowledge from desk research and knowledge acquired from peers, competitors and international partners. However, unlike many previous contributions, this research shows that foreign market experiential knowledge does not influence mode changes. Within-mode changes rely mainly on mode-specific knowledge and on knowledge about exploiting the benefits of the internet and digital platform ecosystems. Conversely, between-mode changes draw on diverse knowledge that is frequently created in interaction with international stakeholders or acquired externally.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the SME internationalisation literature by highlighting the knowledge configurations that inform not only initial choices but also between- and within-mode changes. Moreover, it reveals the importance of distinct types of digital technology-based knowledge for facilitating mode changes. It also adds to the knowledge-based perspective by underscoring that dynamic and heterogenous knowledge configurations, often created in interaction with international stakeholders, promote firm internationalisation.
Exploring lean office in project management by means of a systematic literature review
Authors: Martins Edson Oliveira , Frederico Guilherme F.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aims to find the main contributions from lean office (LO) that can be applied to the project management field, correlating these two areas toward an improvement in project management performance.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses a systematic literature review as a methodological approach to find the main potential contributions from LO that can be applied to project management.

Findings

This study has selected the 13 most cited potential contributions from LO and its level of occurrence in a systematic literature review (SLR).

Research limitations/implications

This study explores theoretical aspects of LO benefits on project management, and further empirical studies are needed to determine the risks and benefits of the concept listed here.

Practical implications

The practical implications are that the most cited potential contribution from LO to the project management and those can be used as a guidance for project managers.

Originality/value

This article highlights the potential contributions from LO to project management field, which is novelty in the face of the existent literature.
Do nothing, do minimum or do something? Why public project appraisals “always” recommend large projects
Authors: Volden Gro Holst , Welde Morten , Engebø Atle , Andersen Bjørn Sørskot
Published: May 2024

Purpose

In the project initiation phase, an appraisal is needed to clarify the strategic problem and alternative solutions. Full-scale construction projects and simple solutions (do-minimum alternatives) should be assessed. The do-nothing alternative is the baseline for the appraisal and an option in itself. The paper explores the role of do-nothing and do-minimum alternatives in public project appraisal, which may significantly impact the attractiveness of a construction project.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper presents an empirical study from Norway, which requires external quality assurance (QA) of early project appraisals. The data include an extensive document review of 112 projects and interviews with 41 experts involved in the appraisal processes.

Findings

Of 112 appraisals, 110 recommended a major construction project, including cases where the benefits and value were low or uncertain. The do-nothing alternative was generally included as a reference but not treated as a viable option. Do-minimum alternatives were often not explored. By contrast, the external QA reports recommended do-nothing or do-minimum in 28 cases. Interestingly, although political decision-makers rarely reject projects, they may put them on hold indefinitely, implying that the actual outcome in many cases is still do-nothing.

Originality/value

The paper addresses a topic that has been understudied in the literature. The findings contribute to the broader literature on project initiation processes, project appraisal and how to reduce the risk of bias and manipulation in appraisals.
A narrative review of e-health systems' evolution – evidence from a regional study
Authors: Kitanovikj Bojan , Koteska Bojana , Levkov Nikola , Velinov Goran , Chagoroska Zhaklina
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The growing implementation of electronic health (e-health) systems has raised the importance of analyzing how these systems have been implemented in diverse regions. By employing a contextual sensitive approach and social mechanism theory, this study aims to better understand the reasons for the success and failure of e-health initiatives in the ex-Yugoslav region and derive useful insights for policymakers.

Design/methodology/approach

We employ a narrative review process grounded in the social mechanism theory, extended with field experts’ review, to acquire state-of-the-art information.

Findings

Findings indicate that different e-health systems coexist and evolve in different contexts in different countries, with varying levels of success. The contextual differences shape the broader environment, affecting the level of preparedness and capability for e-health implementation. Top-down approaches dominate e-health implementation in most countries when it comes to design process features, and more developed countries do not rely on strong social mechanisms for implementing e-health due to the openness of their culture towards e-health innovations.

Practical implications

Analyzing the milestones, challenges and functionalities of e-health systems in the region of interest can assist policymakers, academics and practitioners in making informed decisions and recommendations to enhance future e-health implementation.

Originality/value

No known studies evaluated e-health initiatives in the former ex-Yugoslav countries holistically and evolutionarily in the form of a comprehensive regional study. Further, our research endeavor is contextually specific since the health systems of these countries in the past were tied together under the federative umbrella health system and then diverged in terms of e-health development.
The effects of game mechanics on user retention in using social live streaming services
Authors: Tsou Hung-Tai , Lin Yu-Hsun , Loo Pui Yan
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Social live streaming services (SLSS) have infused gamification into interface design and feature applications. Firms adopt gamification mechanisms to win customer loyalty in the live streaming and SLSS markets. Based on the mechanics-dynamics-aesthetics (MDA) framework and uses and gratifications 2.0 theory (UGT 2.0), this study aims to investigate the effects of game mechanics (mechanics) on enjoyment and user retention (aesthetics) through rewards and social interaction (dynamics) in the context of SLSS.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used an online survey via Google Forms, SurveyCake and social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram and Line to collect data from 232 SLSS users in Taiwan. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was adopted to analyze the data.

Findings

The results validated the relationships between game mechanics and dynamic elements (rewards and social interaction) that triggered aesthetic elements (enjoyment feelings) among users. In addition, users experienced a sense of enjoyment that led to usage retention when using the gamified SLSS. Further, this study found enjoyment crucial for users to stay interactive with gamified services.

Originality/value

Driven by UGT 2.0, this study closed the gaps by integrating the MDA framework into the SLSS context and better understanding how game mechanics are connected to rewards and social interaction, leading to enjoyment and user retention when using SLSS. This study provides fresh insights into gamification-oriented SLSS practices. It offers significant theoretical and managerial implications and provides guidelines for SLSS platform operators on fostering user retention.
Traditional and environmentally friendly attributes in products of highly design-oriented firms: an exploratory study in the perception of Italian entrepreneurs
Authors: Conti Emanuela , Jevnaker Birgit Helene , Camillo Furio , Musso Fabio
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study was to empirically examine how much traditional attributes and green attributes characterize products within design-oriented firms. Further, we explored how these attributes relate to the perceived level of innovation of the firms.

Design/methodology/approach

An exploratory research was carried out in 86 Italian manufacturing companies that are members of the Industrial Design Association. Using the questionnaire method, the entrepreneurs’ perceptions have been analyzed. Data have been treated with hierarchical cluster analysis.

Findings

The analysis shows that environmental sustainability is the least important attribute of a design product and four clusters of highly design-oriented firms differ by design-product attributes. Further, the least green firms are also the least innovative in terms of incremental and general innovation.

Research limitations/implications

The small size of the sample and the provenance of firms from a single country imply limited generalizability, and further research on the topic is recommended.

Practical implications

Design-driven innovation based on traditional design attributes provides many competitive advantages to firms. However, given the growing concern about environmental challenges, investing in green attributes in design products allows for remaining competitive and more effective in innovation.

Originality/value

This study, for the first time, reveals the heterogeneity among design-oriented firms, particularly regarding the presence and assortment of traditional design attributes, as well as the incorporation of environmentally friendly attributes in their products. Moreover, the study uncovers the relationship between varying levels of green attributes in the offerings and the perception of the firm’s innovativeness.
Land consolidation impacts the abundance and richness of natural enemies but not pests in small‐holder rice systems
Authors: Gong Shanxing , Zhu Yulin , Fu Daomeng , Bianchi Felix J. J. A. , van der Werf Wopke , Hodgson Jenny A. , Xiao Haijun , Zou Yi
Published: May 2024

Traditional small‐holder agricultural landscapes in southern China are being consolidated to increase mechanisation levels in agriculture, but it is unclear how this influences rice arthropod communities in these landscapes.

Here, based on a six‐year study in 20 rice fields, we evaluated the impact of land consolidation on arthropod communities, crop damage, and rice yield. We also analysed how effects of land consolidation were moderated by the proportion of large semi‐natural habitat patches and insecticide use.

We found that, compared to consolidated fields, rice fields in traditional farmlands had a higher abundance and family richness of natural enemies, but a similar abundance of rice pests. Land consolidation did not significantly interact with the proportion of large semi‐natural habitat patches or insecticide application, in terms of affecting arthropods. The proportion of semi‐natural habitat reduced the negative effect of insecticide application on key rice pests, but no equivalent interaction occurred for natural enemies.

Synthesis and applications: Land consolidation can have negative impacts on the abundance and richness of natural enemies, but not pests in small‐holder rice systems, and these impacts are independent from insecticide application and proportion of semi‐natural habitat in the landscape. We recommend the implementation of agri‐environmental measures or re‐establishing field margin vegetation during the consolidation process to mitigate these potential negative effects, although trade‐off between enhancing crop yields and preserving rice arthropod biodiversity should be considered. We encourage future research to focus on the detailed assessment of the function of linear habitats for a better understanding of the impact of land consolidation.
Evaluation of child with asthma and her caregivers based on the Pender health promotion model, and linkages of NANDA, NIC–NOC: A case presentation
Authors: Seval Müge , Kuzlu Ayyildiz Tülay , Uzuntarla Güney Emine
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Despite highly effective asthma treatments, the prevalence of asthma is increasing in children and adolescents. Despite easy access to asthma control, sufficient control and management are not achieved. Asthma management is crucial to prevent the development of asthma symptoms and attacks, reduce repeated hospitalizations, and prevent a decrease in the quality of life for both the child and caregivers. This case study aims to increase the utilization of theories, models, and classification systems by evaluating a child diagnosed with asthma for 6 years and their caregivers based on Pender's health promotion model (PHPM). Furthermore, the study aims to establish a connection with NANDA, Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), and Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), thereby formulating a nursing care plan.

Methods

This case study evaluated a child diagnosed with asthma for 6 years and their caregivers based on PHPM. A nursing care plan was developed by establishing connections with NANDA, NIC, and NOC and based on Pender's health promotion.

Findings

By establishing connections with NANDA, NIC, and NOC, a nursing care plan of a total of six included nursing diagnoses has been created as five based on the PHPM.

Conclusion

The care plan implemented improved S.B.K.’s clinical condition. Furthermore, the mother's social support increased, and her confidence in managing asthma improved. As a result of implementing the model, the mother reached the potential to develop healthy behaviors for S.B.K. and make future‐oriented plans.

Implications for nursing practice

It is recommended that NANDA‐I, NIC, and NOC, along with PHPM, be used in clinical nursing care and scientific research to enhance the presentation of quality care and the individual's future health potential.
The association between alcohol retail access and health care visits attributable to alcohol for individuals with and without a history of alcohol‐related health‐care use
Authors: Myran Daniel T. , Friesen Erik , Talarico Robert , Gaudreault Adrienne , Taljaard Monica , Hobin Erin , Smith Brendan T. , Schwartz Naomi , Giesbrecht Norman , Crépault Jean‐François , Tanuseputro Peter , Manuel Douglas G.
Published: May 2024

Background and aims

Alcohol retail access is associated with alcohol use and related harms. This study measured whether this association differs for people with and without heavy and disordered patterns of alcohol use.

Design

The study used a repeated cross‐sectional analysis of health administrative databases.

Setting, participants/cases

All residents of Ontario, Canada aged 10–105 years with universal health coverage (n = 10 677 604 in 2013) were included in the analysis.

Measurements

Quarterly rates of emergency department (ED) and outpatient visits attributable to alcohol in 464 geographic regions between 2013 and 2019 were measured. Quarterly off‐premises alcohol retail access scores were calculated (average drive to the closest seven stores) for each geographic region. Mixed‐effect linear regression models adjusted for area‐level socio‐demographic covariates were used to examine associations between deciles of alcohol retail access and health‐care visits attributable to alcohol. Stratified analyses were run for individuals with and without prior alcohol‐attributable health‐care use in the past 2 years.

Findings

We included 437 707 ED visits and 505 271 outpatient visits attributable to alcohol. After adjustment, rates of ED visits were 39% higher [rate ratio (RR) = 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.20–1.61] and rates of outpatient visits were 49% higher (RR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.26–1.75) in the highest versus lowest decile of alcohol access. There was a positive association between alcohol access and outpatient visits attributable to alcohol for individuals without prior health‐care attributable to alcohol (RR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.39–1.95 for the highest to lowest decile of alcohol access) but not for individuals with prior health‐care attributable to alcohol (RR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.90–1.30). There was a positive association between alcohol access and ED visits attributable to alcohol for individuals with and without prior health‐care for alcohol for ED visits.

Conclusion

In Ontario, Canada, greater alcohol retail access appears to be associated with higher rates of emergency department (ED) and outpatient health‐care visits attributable to alcohol. Individuals without prior health‐care for alcohol may be more susceptible to greater alcohol retail access for outpatient but not ED visits attributable to alcohol.
Strategies adopted by informal carers to enhance participation in daily activities for persons with dementia
Authors: Burridge Gemma , Amato Carmen , Bye Rosalind , Basic David , Ní Chróinín Danielle , Hill Susanna , Howe Kaitlin , Liu Karen P. Y.
Published: May 2024

Objective

Carers for people with dementia commonly experience difficulty assisting the care‐recipients with their daily activities and may adopt specific strategies to decrease the difficulties experienced. The objective of this qualitative study was to explore and understand the strategies used by carers to assist with daily activities for persons living with dementia.

Methods

Individual semi‐structured interviews via face‐to‐face or telephone mode were conducted with 62 carers of persons living with dementia in Australia. Carers were asked about the strategies they have used previously, or are currently using, to assist with daily activity completion. Data were analysed via constant comparison and thematic analysis.

Results

All carers reported the need for strategies to accommodate the varying behaviour and functioning of the care‐recipients. Participants reported a total of 207 strategies that fell into four main categories: (i) engage; (ii) adapt; (iii) orientate; and (iv) sense. The most used strategies were reported as those aimed at adapting the activity by using equipment to facilitate completion.

Conclusions

Carers help persons living with dementia complete their daily activities by developing their own strategies based on the care‐recipients' needs and personal preferences through a trial‐and‐error process. Carers can benefit if more advice is provided to them by health/social care professionals regarding what strategies may be helpful. Further studies are needed to develop these strategies into an educational package so that carers can be guided to use these strategies appropriately.
Early skin‐to‐skin contact and the risk of intraventricular haemorrhage and sepsis in preterm infants
Authors: Johansson Maria Wallin , Lilliesköld Siri , Jonas Wibke , Thernström Blomqvist Ylva , Skiöld Béatrice , Linnér Agnes
Published: May 2024

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the risks of intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) or sepsis in extremely and very preterm infants exposed to early skin‐to‐skin contact (SSC).

Methods

Data from the Swedish Neonatal Quality Register from 2015 to 2021 were extracted to compare the proportions of infants exposed and not exposed to SSC on day 0 and/or 1 in life that developed IVH or sepsis.

Results

A total of 2514 infants, 1005 extremely preterm and 1509 very preterm, were included. This amounted to 69% of all extremely and very preterm infants born during the study period. The proportion of infants with IVH exposed and not exposed to early SSC was 11% and 27%, an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 0.67 (95%CI 0.52–0.86, p = 0.002). The proportion of infants with sepsis exposed and not exposed to early SSC was 16% and 30%, an aOR of 0.94 (95%CI 0.75–1.2, p = 0.60). For extremely preterm infants, the proportion with sepsis when exposed and not exposed to early SSC was 29% and 44%, an aOR of 0.65 (95%CI 0.46–0.92, p = 0.015).

Conclusion

In the current setting, the risk of IVH or sepsis is not increased when an extremely or very preterm infant is exposed to early SSC.
Pathological and immunohistochemical analysis of gastric mucosa after one anastomosis gastric bypass surgery
Authors: Qin Xiaoguang , Mao Zhongqi , Lee Wei‐Jei , Zhang Min , Wu Guoqiang , Zhou Xiaoqing
Published: May 2024

Background

One anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) is now the third most common bariatric surgery worldwide. This procedure is garnering increasing attention, but its complication of bile reflux and the associated risk of gastric carcinogenesis remains controversial.

Objective

The study aims to assess the impact of bile reflux on the gastric mucosa by comparing pathological and immunohistochemical results of gastric mucosa before and 2 years after OAGB surgery.

Methods

This retrospective study analyzed gastric lesions observed in gastroscopy before and after OAGB surgery. Pathological examinations were conducted on mucosal samples from proximal, middle and distal part of stomach, with a particular focus on the expression of Ki‐67, P53, and CDX2 in immunohistochemistry. Ki‐67 indicates cellular proliferation, P53 is a tumor suppressor protein, and CDX2 is a marker for intestinal differentiation.

Results

A total of 16 patients completed the follow‐up. Regarding gastritis, presurgery nonerosive gastritis was found in two cases (12.5%), and postsurgery in six cases (37.5%). Erosive gastritis increased from one case (6.2%) presurgery to three cases (18.7%) postsurgery, totaling an increase from three to nine cases (p = .028). Bile reflux in the stomach increased from one case (6.2%) presurgery to three cases (18.7%) postsurgery. Most lesions in the proximal, middle, and distal part of stomach were relatively mild, with normal tissue states being predominant. Mild inflammation was found in all three areas, whereas moderate inflammation, intestinal metaplasia, and glandular atrophy were less common. No cases of severe inflammation were noted. The expression of gastric biomarkers CDX‐2, Ki67, and P53 showed no significant statistical variation in different areas.

Conclusion

Bile reflux does occur after OAGB, but its incidence is not high. Based on the immunohistochemical and pathological results of the gastric mucosa 2 years post‐OAGB, there seems to be no significant causal relationship between OAGB and oncogenic inflammation around the gastric tube.
Body mass index and astigmatism: A nationwide study
Authors: Nitzan Itay , Akavian Inbal , Shmueli Or , Erdinest Nir , Hanina Yair , Twig Gilad , Safir Margarita
Published: May 2024

Background

Existing research on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and astigmatism yields inconsistent results. This study analyses this association in a nationally representative sample of adolescents.

Methods

This retrospective, cross‐sectional study included Israeli adolescents who underwent medical assessments before mandatory military service between 2011 and 2022. BMI was categorised based on the US age‐ and sex‐matched percentiles. Astigmatism was categorised by magnitude [low‐moderate: 0.75 to <3.00 diopters (D), high: ≥3.00 D], and axis orientation [with‐the‐rule (WTR), against‐the‐rule (ATR), or oblique (OBL)]. Sex‐stratified regression models adjusted for sociodemographic variables were used.

Results

Of 935 989 adolescents evaluated, 887 325 were included [511 465 (57.6%) males, mean age 17.2 years]. Astigmatism was diagnosed in 123 675 (13.9%) adolescents, of whom 117 081 (13.2%) had low‐moderate and 6594 (0.7%) had high astigmatism. WTR astigmatism was the most prevalent (8.2%), followed by ATR (4.1%) and OBL (1.6%) types. Compared with low‐normal BMI (5th to 50th percentile), the adjusted ORs for total astigmatism increased with increasing BMI, peaking at 1.65 (1.57–1.74) in males and 1.74 (1.64–1.86) in females with severe obesity. ORs were accentuated for high astigmatism, reaching 3.51 (3.01–4.09) in males, and 3.45 (2.83–4.22) in females with severe obesity. WTR astigmatism demonstrated the strongest association with BMI, with ORs reaching 2.26 (2.13–2.40) in males and 2.04 (1.90–2.20) in females with severe obesity. The results persisted in a series of subgroup analyses.

Conclusions

Obesity is associated with higher odds of astigmatism in adolescence. Further investigation into the role of weight management in astigmatism development is warranted.
What every clinician needs to know about chronic kidney disease: Detection, classification and epidemiology
Authors: Selby Nicholas M. , Taal Maarten W.
Published: May 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major healthcare challenge, affecting >800 million people worldwide. Implications for population health result from the strong associations of CKD with increased rates of cardiovascular disease, heart failure, progressive CKD leading to kidney failure, acute kidney injury (AKI), and mortality. In addition to a single disease perspective, CKD commonly coexists alongside other long‐term conditions, in particular type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. CKD is therefore an important component of multimorbidity that influences individual management and impacts prognosis. CKD is defined by abnormalities of kidney structure or function of any cause with implications for health that are present for longer than 3 months. The diagnosis is usually made on the basis of an abnormal glomerular filtration rate (GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and/or the presence of proteinuria (urine albumin to creatinine ratio > 30 mg/g or >3 mg/mmol). GFR is usually estimated from serum creatinine concentration using a variety of validated equations. However, serum creatinine is closely related to muscle mass and may therefore not be an accurate marker of GFR in people with high or low muscle mass (sarcopaenia). Cystatin C is an alternative endogenous marker of GFR that is increasingly being used but also has limitations. An estimate of GFR based on both creatinine and cystatin C is the most accurate. Diagnosis should be followed by classification and risk stratification to guide the development of a risk‐based, personalized care plan. Improved detection and widespread implementation of optimal CKD management has the potential to bring major benefits to population health.
A new approach to geostatistical synthesis of historical records reveals capuchin spatial responses to climate and demographic change
Authors: Jacobson Odd T. , Barrett Brendan J. , Perry Susan E. , Finerty Genevieve E. , Tiedeman Kate M. , Crofoot Margaret C.
Published: May 2024

Recent proliferation of GPS technology has transformed animal movement research. Yet, time‐series data from this recent technology rarely span beyond a decade, constraining longitudinal research. Long‐term field sites hold valuable historic animal location records, including hand‐drawn maps and semantic descriptions. Here, we introduce a generalised workflow for converting such records into reliable location data to estimate home ranges, using 30 years of sleep‐site data from 11 white‐faced capuchin (Cebus imitator) groups in Costa Rica. Our findings illustrate that historic sleep locations can reliably recover home range size and geometry. We showcase the opportunity our approach presents to resolve open questions that can only be addressed with very long‐term data, examining how home ranges are affected by climate cycles and demographic change. We urge researchers to translate historical records into usable movement data before this knowledge is lost; it is essential to understanding how animals are responding to our changing world.
Managing biodiversity on private land: Directions for collaboration through reconciliation ecology
Authors: Ward Wesley S. , Finlayson Colin (Max) , Vanderzee Michael
Published: May 2024

Natural resource management in Australia is beset with ‘wicked’ problems: diminishing biodiversity, increasing soil erosion, spreading soil salinity and global climate change all impact private landholders across rural Australia. These problems highlight the complexity of biodiversity conservation, and the need for inclusive, respectful approaches that enable the participation of rural communities, private landholders and government agencies to effectively manage biodiversity on public and private lands. To address these problems, some landholders, rural communities and other stakeholders are seeking evidence‐based solutions through directly applicable research. In this paper, we identify current barriers to such research and highlight principles and processes for co‐designing and managing research based on mutual trust, respect, power sharing and acceptance of various knowledge systems, as embodied in the theory of reconciliation ecology. We suggest that a ‘community of practice’ approach could assist in establishing effective deliberative relations as a basis for active collaboration in natural resource management research to address these complex problems.
Global modified‐Delphi consensus on comorbidities and prognosis of SCN8A‐related epilepsy and/or neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Conecker Gabrielle , Xia Maya Y. , Hecker JayEtta , Achkar Christelle , Cukiert Cristine , Devries Seth , Donner Elizabeth , Fitzgerald Mark , Gardella Elena , Hammer Michael , Hegde Anaita , Hu Chunhui , Kato Mitsuhiro , Luo Tian , Schreiber John M. , Wang Yi , Kooistra Tammy , Oudin Madeleine , Waldrop Kayla , Youngquist J. Tyler , Zhang Dennis , Wirrell Elaine , Perry M. Scott
Published: May 2024

Objectives

We aimed to develop consensus on comorbidities (frequency, severity, and prognosis) and overall outcomes in epilepsy, development, and cognition for the five phenotypes of SCN8A‐related disorders.

Methods

A core panel consisting of 13 clinicians, 1 researcher, and 6 caregivers was formed and split into three workgroups. One group focused on comorbidities and prognosis. All groups performed a literature review and developed questions for use in a modified‐Delphi process. Twenty‐eight clinicians, one researcher, and 13 caregivers from 16 countries participated in three rounds of the modified‐Delphi process. Consensus was defined as follows: strong consensus ≥80% fully agree; moderate consensus ≥80% fully or partially agree, <10% disagree; and modest consensus 67%–79% fully or partially agree, <10% disagree.

Results

Consensus was reached on the presence of 14 comorbidities in patients with Severe Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy (Severe DEE) spanning non‐seizure neurological disorders and other organ systems; impacts were mostly severe and unlikely to improve or resolve. Across Mild/Moderate Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy (Mild/Moderate DEE), Neurodevelopmental Delay with Generalized Epilepsy (NDDwGE), and NDD without Epilepsy (NDDwoE) phenotypes, cognitive and sleep‐related comorbidities as well as fine and gross motor delays may be present but are less severe and more likely to improve compared to Severe DEE. There was no consensus on comorbidities in the SeL(F)IE phenotype but strong conesensus that seizures would largely resolve. Seizure freedom is rare in patients with Severe DEE but may occur in some with Mild/Moderate DEE and NDDwGE.

Significance

Significant comorbidities are present in most phenotypes of SCN8A‐related disorders but are most severe and pervasive in the Severe DEE phenotype. We hope that this work will improve recognition, early intervention, and long‐term management for patients with these comorbidities and provide the basis for future evidence‐based studies on optimal treatments of SCN8A‐related disorders. Identifying the prognosis of patients with SCN8A‐related disorders will also improve care and quality‐of‐life for patients and their caregivers.