bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Customization of neonatal functional magnetic resonance imaging: A preclinical phantom-based study
Authors: Quinones Juan F. , Schmitt Tina , Pavan Tommaso , Hildebrandt Andrea , Heep Axel
Published: November 2024

Over the past few decades, the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on neonates and very young children has increased dramatically in research and clinical settings. However, the specific characteristics of this population and the MRI standards largely derived from adult studies, pose serious practical challenges. The current study aims to provide general methodological guidelines for customized neonatal fMRI by assessing the performance of various fMRI hardware and software applications. Specifically, this article focuses on MR equipment (head coils) and MR sequences (singleband vs. multiband). We computed and compared the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the temporal SNR (tSNR) in different fMRI protocols using a small-size spherical phantom in three different commercial receiver-only head-neck coils. Our findings highlight the importance of coil selection and fMRI sequence planning in optimizing neonatal fMRI. For SNR, the prescan normalize filter resulted in significantly higher values overall, while in general there was no difference between the different sequences. In terms of head coil performance, the 20-channel head coil showed slightly but significantly higher values compared to the others. For tSNR, there was no difference in the usage of the prescan normalize filter, but the values were significantly higher in the singleband EPI sequences compared to the multiband. In contrast to the SNR, the pediatric head coil seems to have an advantage for tSNR. We provide five practical guidelines to assist researchers and clinicians in developing fMRI studies in neonates and young infants. These recommendations are especially relevant considering ethical constraints and exogenous challenges of neonatal fMRI.
Single-step hydrothermal synthesis of zinc oxide nanorods for potential use as nano-antibiotics without seeding or bases
Authors: Hoang Chau Nguyen Minh , Nguyen Khanh Duy , Luong Thuong Thi Ha , Nguyen Son Hai , Tran Mai Thi
Published: November 2024

The alarming global rise in antibiotic resistance, driven by the widespread overuse of traditional antibiotics, has created an urgent demand for new antimicrobial solutions. This study presents zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods as a potential nano-antibiotic agent. ZnO nanorods, with a 2:3 aspect ratio, were synthesized using an efficient one-step hydrothermal method at a low temperature of 100°C, reducing the synthesis time to just 5 hours. The synthesized ZnO nanorods’ morphology, structure, and composition were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The potent antimicrobial activity of these nanorods against common bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus was examined through optical density at 600 nm (OD600) measurements and inhibition zone analysis, demonstrating substantial inhibition of bacterial growth. In particular, at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, ZnO nanorods achieved a 96% reduction of B. subtilis bacteria in OD600 and an impressive 99.87% reduction in culturing assays within one day, showcasing bactericidal efficiency on par with tetracycline at 0.003 mg/mL. Furthermore, a predictive model of bacterial growth was developed and validated, providing insights into the time-dependent bactericidal efficiency of the synthesized nanorods. These results highlight the potential of ZnO-based composites as a promising solution to combat antibiotic resistance, paving the way for next-generation antimicrobial materials.
Impact of supply chain disruptions and drug shortages on drug utilization: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Santhireswaran Araniy , Ho Martin , Fuller Kaitlin , Gaudette Etienne , Burry Lisa , Tadrous Mina
Published: November 2024

Objective

This proposed scoping review aims to examine studies assessing the impact of drug shortages on population-level drug utilization trends. The objectives of this review are to a) assess which drugs have been studied and describe associated drug characteristics, b) determine jurisdictions and healthcare settings that have conducted these studies, and c) describe how changes in drug use and the extent of shortage impacts are reported in literature.

Introduction

Drug shortages continue to impair drug access and delivery of quality care across the world. However, the impact of drug supply disruptions on availability and drug use are understudied in current literature. This proposed scoping review will identify this gap and inform future research initiatives aimed at determining the real-world impacts of drug shortages.

Inclusion criteria

Published and unpublished observational studies reporting on the effects of drug supply chain disruptions (shortages, discontinuations, and safety-based withdrawals) on consequent utilization trends faced by pharmaceutical products (i.e. prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, vaccines, therapy products, pharmaceutical solutions). Literature reviews, meta-analyses, randomized control trials, case series, case reports, and opinion pieces will be excluded.

Methods

The search strategy will combine two key search concepts: drug shortages and drug utilization. The search will be conducted in MEDLINE and EMBASE. This will be followed by an extensive grey literature search in grey literature databases, targeted websites and Google. Furthermore, reference lists of included articles will be searched. Articles will be independently screened, selected and extracted by two reviewers. Data will be descriptively analyzed and presented in tables.

Trial registration

Review registration number: Open Science Framework, https://osf.io/2p6e5.
La memoria del invasor. El monumento a los prisioneros en la isla de Cabrera y otros ejemplos de escultura pública napoleónica en España
Authors: Cañas de Pablos Alberto
Published: November 2024

Las guerras, como otros acontecimientos traumáticos que afectan a las sociedades, han sido conmemoradas de forma abundante en el espacio público. En el caso español, el recuerdo hacia la invasión napoleónica de 1808-1814 constituye uno de los ejemplos más extensos, si no el que más, en cuanto a monumentalidad erigida. Se calcula que hay más de 350 casos de memoria pública al respecto repartidos por todo el país, centrados tanto en acontecimientos como en figuras individuales heroicizadas. La mayoría de ellos son representaciones en piedra que buscan difundir símbolos de la lucha contra el invasor desde el lado español. Sin embargo, existen cerca de una quincena de obras que plasman la voluntad de recordar a las tropas que estaban ocupando el país. Sobre ellos trata este artículo, que prestará especial atención al primero y más importante: el monolito erigido en 1847 en memoria de los prisioneros de guerra recluidos en la isla balear de Cabrera tras su derrota en la batalla de Bailén, en 1808. La investigación se ha realizado a través de fuentes primarias procedentes de varios archivos, además de prensa (española y francesa, tanto histórica como reciente). A ellas se unen monografías y otras fuentes secundarias que abarcan desde la historia local a perspectivas globales, pasando por la historia del arte. A pesar del corto número de monumentos existentes, el artículo estudia y analiza distintas representaciones e intenciones a la hora de erigir estas antenas de memoria.
Bridging One Health: Computational design of a multi-epitope messenger RNA vaccine for cross-species immunization against Nipah virus
Authors: Banico Edward C. , Sira Ella Mae Joy S. , Fajardo Lauren Emily , Orosco Fredmoore L.
Published: November 2024

Background and Aim: Nipah virus (NiV) poses a threat to human and animal health, particularly swine, which serve as primary vectors for human transmission. Despite its severe risks, no NiV vaccine currently exists for humans or animal hosts; thus, innovative vaccine development approaches that address cross-species transmission are required. This study was computationally designed to evaluate a multi-epitope messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine targeting NiV for human and swine immunization.

Materials and Methods: B and T lymphocyte epitopes were identified from NiV structural proteins using multiple epitope prediction tools. All epitopes were linked to form a multi-epitope construct, and various adjuvant combinations were analyzed for physicochemical properties and immune simulation. Molecular docking and dynamics were employed to visualize the construct’s interaction with a host immune receptor. Signal peptides were added to the construct, and mRNA sequences were generated using LinearDesign. The minimum free energies (MFEs) and codon adaptation indices (CAI) were used to select the final mRNA sequence of the vaccine construct.

Results: Computational tools predicted 10 epitopes within NiV structural proteins that can be recognized by human and swine immune receptors. The construct with β-defensin 2 adjuvant was selected as the final immunogenic region after showing favorable immunogenicity profiles and physicochemical properties. The final vaccine sequence had higher MFE and CAI compared to the BioNTech/Pfizer BNT162b2 and Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccines.

Conclusion: The multi-epitope mRNA vaccine designed in this study shows promising results as a potential NiV vaccine candidate. Further in vivo and in vitro studies are required to confirm the efficacy.

Keywords: computational design, cross-species immunization, messenger RNA vaccine, multi-epitope, Nipah virus.
Law without Lawyers, Lawyers without Law
Authors: Neoh Joshua
Published: November 2024

Luca Siliquini-Cinelli thinks that there can be law without lawyers. American legal realism thinks that there can be lawyers without law. The truth is perhaps somewhere in between. Law forces individuals to fit into categorical rules. Focusing on its Procrusteanism leads one to imagine the possibility of law without lawyers: law is a set of rules, albeit a complex set, that can be applied consistently to a whole array of situations. But law can also take on shifting shapes and forms to suit the circumstances. Focusing on its Proteanism leads one to imagine the possibility of lawyers without law: law is just whatever lawyers make it out to be. Perhaps law is somewhere between Procrustean and Protean. Therefore, Siliquini-Cinelli and American legal realism may, each, be half-right.
Keywords: legal realism; law; lawyers; logic; knowledge; experience; Holmes.
Pinworm Infection Misdiagnosed With Primary Eosinophilic Colitis. A Case Series
Authors: Rossi Carlo Maria , Lenti Marco Vincenzo , Lo Bello Antonio , Merli Stefania , Vanoli Alessandro , Anderloni Andrea , Di Sabatino Antonio
Published: November 2024

Parasitic infections make it difficult to establish a diagnosis of primary eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGID), may even co-occur with inflammatory bowel disease and complicate the management of patients treated with immunosuppressants. Yet, pinworm infection is often ignored as a cause of mucosal eosinophilia. We described 3 cases where pinworm infection was initially misdiagnosed as primary EGID. No current guideline is available for EGID in adult patients, while for patients with inflammatory bowel disease, parasitic infection screening is recommended only in some subset of patients. A more comprehensive and precise recommendation regarding the parasitic species to consider and the diagnostic tests to order is currently lacking.
Da campanha “De pé no chão também se aprende a ler” à trajetória profissional da professora Nair Almeida de Oliveira
Authors: Fialho Lia Machado Fiuza , Cunha Fernanda Ielpo da , Vasconcelos José Gerardo
Published: November 2024

A pesquisa objetivou compreender, a partir da biografia da professora Nair Almeida de Oliveira, o seu processo de formação profissional e sua atuação como professora na campanha “de pé no chão também se aprende a ler”, na cidade de Natal, no Rio Grande do Norte (1961-1964). Amparando-se teoricamente na história cultural e metodologicamente na história oral entrecruzada com fontes imagéticas, utilizaram-se entrevistas temáticas com a biografada (já falecida) e três pessoas que com ela conviveram. Nair Oliveira, filha de agricultores analfabetos, estudou e tornou-se professora na congregação Irmã Vitória. Dedicou sua vida à educação dos pobres e destacou-se por sua liderança no bairro das Rocas, especialmente na educação de jovens e adultos no período da campanha. Atuou enfaticamente na erradicação do analfabetismo e na democratização da educação de maneira contextualizada, por incorporar a cultura popular nos processos de ensino com o método de Paulo Freire.
“Um poderoso argumento a favor da emancipação que tanta gente julga impossível”: o caso da primeira alagoana bacharela em Direito, Anna Alves Vieira Sampaio
Authors: Barreto Raylane Andreza Dias Navarro , Santos Izabela Cristina de Melo
Published: November 2024

As análises deste artigo se debruçaram sobre a trajetória formativa e profissional de Anna Alves Vieira Sampaio, primeira mulher alagoana a obter o título de bacharela em Direito no ano de 1893, pela Faculdade de Direito de Recife. Com base em fontes documentais, procuramos compreender os caminhos trilhados por Anna Sampaio desde sua formação até o exercício da atividade jurídica, observando as práticas e táticas (CERTEAU, 2014) de que ela lançou mão para atingir seus objetivos. Intencionamos contribuir para a perspectiva historiográfica que enfoca a diversidade das experiências de mulheres num contexto em que, comumente, foram associadas ao espaço doméstico. Além disso, objetivamos compreender como sua trajetória formativa colaborou para definir seus caminhos na carreira jurídica.
Uma História da Educação sem Jules Ferry
Authors: Chartier Anne-Marie
Published: November 2024

Ao levar em consideração a escassez de artigos sobre a educação na França antes da Terceira República, este artigo faz uma avaliação da evolução das pesquisas realizadas a partir da década de 1970 e questiona as razões que fizeram desaparecer as questões educacionais das revistas de história generalistas, em favor de uma "vulgata" propalada pelos especialistas em História da Educação que faz convergir as abordagens em torno da figura emblemática de Jules Ferry, fundamento de uma escola francesa hoje em crise. Quatro estudos de historiadores sobre o Antigo Regime, dois sobre a educação das elites (os cadernos escolares do século XVI de autoria de C. Bénévent e X. Bisaro, e o nascimento dos concursos na Europa antes da Revolução Francesa, escrito por D. Julia) e dois outros sobre a educação nas vilas (sobre o mestre-cantor, de X. Bisaro, e sobre a escola rural antes e durante a Revolução Francesa, escrito por C. Simien) renovam as problemáticas sobre a história das aprendizagens escolarizadas, sobre a hierarquia dos saberes e sobre as relações entre formação e profissões.
Regimes de verdade em tensão no campo das ciências da educação (Suíça romanda, décadas de 1910-1920)
Authors: Mole Frédéric
Published: November 2024

Durante o primeiro terço do século XX, no campo das ciências da educação em fase de elaboração, os reformadores – teóricos e/ou profissionais – ambicionavam fundar uma pedagogia científica que fornecesse aos professores métodos confiáveis que lhes permitissem romper com seus velhos hábitos e revolucionar suas práticas de ensino. No contexto da Suíça romanda, sob o impulso do psicólogo Édouard Claparède, os reformadores, no Instituto Jean-Jacques Rousseau e nas associações pedagógicas, buscaram unir todos os professores em torno das novas verdades, despertando também resistências entre eles. O texto examina o modo como são construídos os diversos argumentos e os posicionamentos dos atores nas controvérsias relativas ao que legitimamente pode ser considerado como verdadeiro no campo da educação.
Manejo de enfisema retrobulbar por meio de punção aspirativa: relato de caso
Authors: Pereira João , Silva Carolina , Pinto Karoline , Fernandes Laís , Stabile Glaykon
Published: November 2024

﻿Introdução: O enfisema orbital é uma condição clínica rara, caracterizada pelo acúmulo de ar nas estruturas extraoculares, normalmente associado a fraturas faciais. O indicador clínico amplamente utilizado para o manejo de casos de enfisema orbital retrobulbar é a acuidade visual, o qual determina a necessidade ou não de intervenção. Objetivo: O objetivo deste relato de caso é apresentar um caso de enfisema retrobulbar relacionado a fratura de parede medial orbitária. Relato do caso: Paciente do sexo masculino com histórico de acidente motociclístico há sete dias,...
Reabilitação com implantes dentários após reconstrução óssea com a técnica Sticky Bone: relato de caso
Authors: Brandenburg dos Santos Renan , Della Bona Alvaro
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: Ilustrar, por meio do relato de um caso clínico, a aplicação da técnica “Sticky Bone”, utilizada para reconstrução óssea antes da instalação de implantes dentários. Caso clínico: O relato de caso destaca as etapas do procedimento, desde a avaliação inicial do paciente até a fase pós-operatória, incluindo considerações sobre o sucesso da intervenção, a estabilidade dos implantes e o controle radiológico. Esse artigo apresenta aspectos relevantes da técnica Sticky Bone, como as propriedades do biomaterial utilizado, a eficácia da regeneração óssea e as...
Hegemony and the Subaltern in Kafka's "Josephine the Singer"
Authors: Noakes Christian
Published: November 2024

Christian Noakes invites readers into a literary exploration of Franz Kafka's short story, "Josephine the Singer." After all, as the author notes, "Kafka's often nightmarish stories reflect many of the social, political, and cultural dynamics inherent under capitalism." In applying this notion to "Josephine the Singer," Noakes discovers a tale that describes not only the mechanisms of domination that constrain us, but the possibilities of a new consciousness, and a new world.
Bit Despotism
Authors: Crossa Mateo
Published: November 2024

In this review of Bit Tyrants by Rob Larson, Mateo Crossa finds and expands on how the powerful actors of Silicon Valley have fashioned themselves into the new, unapologetic robber barons, operating in the shadows of political lobbying to maintain their monopolistic practices in the Global North while shamelessly engaging in the naked exploitation of the workers in the Global South. Crossa echoes Larson's call for liberation from these tyrants, bringing attention to the necessity of socialism—both on- and offline—to agitate for democratic control over the technology and Internet platforms that increasingly penetrate our daily lives.
Overseas Smart City Short Course of Airlangga and International Community Service: The Role of Science and Technology Towards Smart City
Authors: Fitriani Nurina , Fatmawati Fatmawati , Samiaji Tabina Arqika , Dianbudiyanto Wahid , Hutama Dio Alif , Kuncoro Eko Prasetyo
Published: November 2024

The smart city concept emerged as an alternative solution to overcome the negative impacts of urbanization in big cities, based on the concept of sustainable development. A smart city is a city that can utilize human resources, social capital, and modern telecommunications infrastructure to achieve sustainable economic growth and high quality of life through wise management of resources by the government based on community participation. Jombang has not been managed optimally due to a lack of digital exposure and promotion. Based on these problems, the Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University will organize an international community service program in Jombang to introduce culture and tourism in Jombang to the world through international students and transfer knowledge regarding the application of smart tourism to increase tourism promotion in Jombang. This community service program was carried out together with international students who will first be given an introduction and knowledge of the smart city concept and its application at Universitas Airlangga and the City of Surabaya through a short course. Then the students will be invited to visit the tourist and cultural village in Jombang to transfer knowledge to the local community regarding the application of the smart tourism concept to promote tourism potential in Jombang.
Toward Zero Waste: Sustainable Practices in Waste Management at ETUT
Authors: Orazov Yslam , Mezilov Gurbanmyrat , Atdayev Batyr , Annamyradova Mahrijemal , Ovliyagulyyeva Ayshat , Nurberdiyeva Yazgul , Gedayev Serdar
Published: November 2024

The paper discusses Oguz Han Engineering and Technology University of Turkmenistan's (ETUT) waste management initiatives, particularly its Zero Waste Program aimed at minimizing waste generation and promoting sustainability across campus. Strategies include educational campaigns, eco-friendly purchasing, and collaboration with vendors for waste reduction, reuse, and recycling. ETUT employs structured waste categorization, centralized repositories for reusable items, and a recycling plant with advanced sorting machinery. Innovative methods like paper recycling and composting are used, along with exploring plastic repurposing into fibers and fuel. Organic waste management includes composting, notably reducing landfill waste. Inorganic waste reduction involves paper recycling, plastic conversion, and electronic repair and donation. The program emphasizes waste reduction through recycling and reuse, including upcycling workshops. Hazardous waste from laboratories is managed with local authorities for safe disposal, while relevant associations for environmental safety oversee sewage disposal. These strategies highlight ETUT's commitment to sustainability, positioning it as a regional leader in responsible waste management.
Kyberbezpečnost jak součást digitální gramotnosti: Jak mohou školy vytvářet podpůrné a bezpečné prostředí z hlediska kybernetické bezpečnosti
Authors: Beneš Martin
Published: November 2024

Článek se zaměřuje na strategie, které mohou školy využít k posílení kyberbezpečnosti a podpory digitální gramotnosti. V současném rychle se vyvíjejícím digitálním světě je nezbytné, aby vzdělávací instituce učinily kroky k zajištění bezpečného prostředí pro své studenty, zároveň jim poskytly dovednosti potřebné k navigaci v digitálním světě. Tento článek prozkoumává klíčové aspekty potřebné pro úspěšnou integraci kyberbezpečnosti do školního prostředí. Jedním z hlavních bodů je vývoj a implementace bezpečnostních politik. Článek zkoumá, jak mohou školy vytvářet a uplatňovat politiky, které sníží riziko, že se studenti setkají s online hrozbami, zatímco podporují bezpečné využívání technologií pro vzdělávací účely. Zahrnuje to nejen technické aspekty, jako jsou firewally a antivirové programy, ale také administrativní a organizační opatření, jako jsou pravidla pro používání internetu a sociálních médií. Zvláštní důraz je kladen na multidisciplinární přístup. Tento přístup uznává, že kyberbezpečnost není jen technickou záležitostí, ale zahrnuje i behaviorální a psychologické aspekty. Článek zkoumá, jak mohou různé disciplíny, od informatiky přes sociologii po psychologii, přispět k lepšímu pochopení a řešení kyberbezpečnostních výzev. Zahrnuje také diskusi o významu osvěty a vzdělávání učitelů v oblasti kyberbezpečnosti, což je zásadní pro vytváření bezpečného a podpůrného vzdělávacího prostředí.
Effect of Paternal Rat Irradiation Transmitted to the Progeny During Prenatal Development
Authors: Bálentová Soňa , Slovinská L. , Mišúrová E. , Rybárová S. , Adamkov M.
Published: November 2024

The transgenerational transmission of radiation damage was investigated on the basis of quantitative changes of nucleic acids and histones, the integral index of tissue and organ cellularity. Male Wistar rats, whole-body irradiated with the dose of 3 Gy of gamma rays, were mated with non-irradiated females 25 or 80 days after exposure and their progeny were investigated on the 15th (embryos), 17th (embryos), or 19th (embryonic brain) day of prenatal development (E15, E17, and E19Br, respectively). A significant increase in DNA and RNA concentration and content was found on the 15th day and predominantly on the 17th day of gestation in the progeny of males irradiated 80 days before mating. On the contrary, in the progeny of the same males, concentration of histones was decreased in groups E15 and E19Br. Finally, the radiation alterations in the progeny arisen from irradiated spermatogonia (by paternal exposure 80 days before mating) were more profound in nucleic acids than in histones. Our findings suggest an incidence of radiation-induced genome instability manifested as enhanced proliferating activity of cells in response to DNA damage in the progeny of males, mated at later intervals after exposure.
Quality of animal production and animal products in Slovenia
Authors: ČEPON M. , ČEPIN S. , VARGA C.
Published: November 2024

Quality of animal production and animal products is presented in the article. Some factors that influence the quality of production and our achievements in this field are exposed as well. The current quality of the most important animal products in Slovenia and a comparison with animal products in some EU member states is also discussed.
Situation and perspective on the development of pig and poultry production in the postwar period in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: ADILOVIĆ S. , GAIĆ A. , ADILOVIĆ E. , ŠAKIĆ V. , SMAJLOVIĆ M.
Published: November 2024

The aggression in Bosnia and Herzegovina destructively effected the animal stock. Before the aggression over 850,000 beef, 1,300,00 sheep, 730,000 pigs, 95,000 horses, 80,000 bee hives and 10.000.000 poultry were being breeded. According to some estimates in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina the destroyed animal stock, according to species was 52 to 90 %. One part of the animal stock either remained in the occupied territory or the aggressors sold it in Serbia and Montenegro. Therefore, the results of the aggression, which lasted nearly four years, destroyed parts of the animal stock, especially in the current territory of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The renewal of the animal stock started in 1996 when by a Decision from the Coordination Board of the Government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina a Office for Project Implementation Unit was established (PIU), which enables residents to grow food for their own needs, as well as for the market. By the end of 1997, through this Office, 10,000 calves, 15,000 sheep, 2,000 goats, 200 piglets, a lesser number of poultry and bee hives were distributed. Of the beef the greatest amount was simental 75 %, brown - alpine 10 %, gray-alpine 5 % and Eastern Freesia 10 %. As can be seen, according to the PIU program the least work was done on breeding activities for pigs and poultry and therefore in future more attention will need to be accorded. From that the issue of the renewal of breeding activities of pigs and poultry in the post-war period will be the subject of this paper.
INFLUENCE OF GENOTYPE ON SLAUGHTERING PIG VALUE ACCORDING TO S-EUROP STANDARD
Authors: SENČIĆ Đ. , KRALIK Gordana , ANTUNOVIĆ B. , ANTUNOVIĆ Z. , PETRIČEVIĆ A. , PERKOVIĆ Anica
Published: November 2024

Slaughtering sides value according to S-EUROP commercial classes was investigated on the example of two pig genetic bases (Swedish Landrace and Line 3). Right pork sides (30 pieces) of analyzed genotypes were dissected by Weniger et al. (1963) method. The sides were sorted into S-EUROP classes according to muscle tissue share and analyzed. The pork sides from different commercial classes within some genotypic bases (Swedish Landrace, Line 3) differ regarding slaughtering quality indicators. Sides from classes with higher meatness have thinner back fat, larger area of MLD cross section, higher ham index, better conformation (higher share of usable and commercially more valuable parts) better muscle tissue distribution and a bit poorer muscle tissue quality. Pork sides of different genetic bases may have different commercial and usable value regarding differences in slaughtering quality and in sides distribution per classes.
STUDY ON BODY FAT CONTENT IN PEKIN, MUSCOVY AND MULE DUCKS
Authors: SZASZ S. , BOGENFÜRST F.
Published: November 2024

In this study domestic ducks (Pekin type), muscovy and mule ducks were used to determine the body fat content. The fat content of the body in drakes at the age of 7 weeks was 13.8 % in the Pekin type and 14.3 vs. 12.7 % in the muscovy and mule ducks. By the age of 12 weeks this value had increased considerably in the Pekin type, reaching 19.6 %, but had remained stable (12.5 vs. 11.9  %) in the other two types. In the females the Pekin type gained the most in terms of fat content, by the age of 7 weeks exceeding the values observed in the drakes of this type. The mule duck females produced values on nearly the same level as those obtained for the mule drakes, while the results for the muscovy females fell between the values obtained for the mule and the Pekin ducks. By the age of 12 weeks the fat content of the body of the female Pekin ducks was the same as the above time, being on a lower level than that of the drakes of the same type, while the indicators for the mule ducks decreased slightly; the results obtained for the muscovy duck females also decreased to a lower value.
A NOTE ON QUALITY OF CATTLE SLAUGHTERED IN SLOVENIA
Authors: ŽGUR S. , DROBNIČ Marjana
Published: November 2024

In seven commercial slaughterhouses data were collected from July 1994 to June 1998. Altogether data from 147 888 carcasses were analysed. In young bulls, which represented the most important category, 6 % carcasses were graded into conformation class E and 48 %, 37 %, 8 % and less then 1 % into conformation classes U, R, O and P. More then 97 % of carcasses were graded into fatness classes 2 and 3. In other categories (calves, heifers steers, young and old cows and old bulls) carcasses were most often graded into class R, and into fatness class 3. Carcass weight in all categories exhibited high variability. Carcasses with better conformation grades and higher fatness class also exhibited higher weight.
INVESTIGATION OF THE POSSIBILITY OF EARLY DETERMINATION OF THE FATTENING CAPACITY AND SLAUGHTERING QUALITIES OF PIGS BY APPLYING BIOCHEMICAL TESTS
Authors: ADILOVIĆ S. , HAMAMDŽIĆ M. , HODŽIĆ Aida , ADILOVIĆ E. , ŠAKIĆ V.
Published: November 2024

Drawing upon information from literature and relying on some knowledge we possess, in our work we attempted to establish whether growth intensity in pigs, their fattening capacity and slaughtering qualities could be associated with some biochemical qualities of their blood, such as: alkaline phosphatase activity (AP), levels of protein-bound iodine (PBI) and tyrosine, levels of insulin and glychemic and insulin reaction to oral loading with glucose, as well as histomorphological characteristics of thyroid and endocrine pancreas. The tests were performed on Swedish Landrace pigs (n=21) of both sexes, which were divided into two groups on the basis of insulin level in their morning blood sample: group A (n=9) with lower, and group B (n=12) with higher level of insulin. When fattening was finished the animals were slaughtered and then slaughtering qualities and histomorphological characteristics of thyroid and endocrine pancreas determined. The performed investigation showed that some differences in the studied characteristics exist between the groups of pigs of the same breed. However, the obtained results are not of such weight that would allow drawing conclusions of sound and reliable character pertaining to the possible association of chemical qualities of blood with fattening and slaughtering qualities.
EVALUATION OF DIETARY VALUE OF HORSE MEAT
Authors: MAKRAY S. , HANCZ C. , STEFLER J. , MARTIN T. G.
Published: November 2024

The results of this report were derived from a long-term experiment that has been going on since 1988 in the draft horse population at Kaposvár. Seventeen weaning foals representing four genotypes were slaughtered, at the age of 205.2 ± 14.4 days. Final weight was 300.0 ± 45.1 kg, carcass weight was 157.8 ± 27.6 kg, and dressing percentage was 52.9 ± 4.3 %. The results were slightly modified by the small-frame Haflingers, while the other foals were large-frame crossbreds from Hungarian Draft or French dams mated to Percheron or Noriker stallions. The main components: moisture (75.8 ± 1.0 %), protein (20.7 ± 0.9 %), fat (2.3 ± 0.8 %), and ash (0.9 ± 0.3 %) did not differ significantly among breeds. Besides the low total fat content, the low proportion of saturated fatty acids is also a favourable trait of horse meat.
CONCEPTION OF QUALITY CONTROL IN THE HUNGARIAN FISHERY
Authors: HANCZ C. , KÖRMENDI S. , PEKLI J. , PERÉNYI M.
Published: November 2024

The process of having Hungary join the EU raises many difficult tasks in all branches of agriculture, including fish production. One of the main tasks is to develop techniques in quality control. In the near future companies who want to export their products to EU will have to undergo the auditing process of Total Quality Management (TQM). This means analysis of the whole production system from the used materials, animals and feeds relative to current and accepted quality standards. The methods of the analysis of hazards and critical points (HACCP) are used to check the most important abiotic and biotic markers of quality. Special aspects of aquaculture and fishery are discussed relative to environmental management’s quality control. A model is developed for a fish hatchery.
MILK QUALITY ON MERCATOR KMETIJSKO GOSPODARSTVO KOČEVJE FARMS REGARDING EU STANDARDS
Authors: RAJČEVIČ Marija , ŽLINDRA J. , VIDIC A. , POTOČNIK K.
Published: November 2024

There were analyzed chemical composition and hygienic quality of milk produced in 1996 and 1997 on Mercator Kmetijsko gospodarstvo Kočevje farms. The results for quantity of dry matter without fat, protein, total count of microorganisms (TCMO) and somatic cells count (SCC) were analysed with regard to regulations in Slovenia and compared with requirements in EU (92/46 EEC). As regards mean quantity of dry matter without fat, protein, TCMO and SCC the delivered milk met the EU requirements in both years. There were, however, 25.42 % of milk with less than 85 g of dry matter without fat per kilogram in 1996 and 15.90 % in 1997. There was no milk with less than 28 g of protein per kg. 1.7 % of milk per year did not meet EU requirements since it contained more than 10 x 104/ml TCMO, but according to our regulations (OG RS, 34/98) it can still be redeemed. In 1996, 7.3 % of delivered milk did not meet EU requirements with regard to SCC, and 21.14 % in 1997; in this milk SCC was higher than 40 x 104/ml.
THE ESTIMATION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G CONTENT OF COLOSTRUM AND MILK FROM WHEY PROTEIN CONTENT IN RUMINANT ANIMALS
Authors: KISS-CSAPÓ Zsuzsanna , HOLLÓ I. , VISI-VARGA Éva , BALLA-TERLAKY Éva
Published: November 2024

After analysis of the relation between the serum protein and immunglobulin-G content of the colostrum and milk of 141 cattle of various genotypes (pure-bred or cross-bred), 55 goats of various breeds and 171 sheep of various breeds it was established that there exists a very close correlation between these two components in all three species. R values of 0.9869 for cattle, 0.9723 for goats and 0.9574 for sheep were determined. The R value calculated for the three species evaluated collectively was 0.9667. The very close relation ascertained, by means of linear regression, between serum protein and immunoglobulin-G provides justification for the application of the equations formulated in this study for the estimation of immunoglobulin-G content on the basis of serum protein content.
AN INFLUENCE OF CROP DENSITY AND FERTILIZATION ON CORN YIELD AND HIGHER EFFICIENTY IN MILK PRODUCTION
Authors: JURIŠIĆ M. , STJEPANOVIĆ M. , BUKVIĆ Ž. , DOMAČINOVIĆ M. , JURIŠIĆ Ivana
Published: November 2024

The investigations were carried out at the experimental plot of the Faculty of Agriculture Osijek and Production unit in Vinkovci during 1993 and 1994. Hybrid Bc 592 was used for the investigation. Stands were arranged with space within rows (for S1-48 000 plants ha-1=29.7 cm, S2-60 000 plants ha-1=23.8 cm and S3-80 000 plants ha-1=17.9 cm) and between rows 70 cm.Three nitrogen fertilisations were applied (N1=90, N2=180 and N3=270 kg ha-1) with 100 kg ha-1 P2O5 and 150 kg ha-1 K2O. Foliar treatments by mixture INA-Fertina K1 in 3 % concentration was carried out twice each year in intensive corn growth phase on one part of the experiment. On the basis of corn grain chemical analysis (concentration of main nutritives and water) carried out in 1993 and 1994 it is shown that increased nitrogen fertilisation in the second and third group had positive influence on protein share increase.The highest energy value was achieved in the third group by conversion of different corn yield of some groups into energy value expressed in FU. Namely it was by 723 FU higher than the first group and by 422 FU higher than the second one. This different corn energy value in groups was conversed into amount of one finished animal product-milk as well as its market realisation and the following values were obtained: more milk (by 654 kg i.e.1.572 kg) was produced in the second and third group than in the first group which financially means 1.635 kn i.e.3.929 kn more than the first one. Similar results as with corn in 1993 were achieved by corn conversion of some groups (1994) into energy value.
THE EFFECT OF THE MONITORING OF THE TEMPERATURE OF INCUBATORS AND THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS TEMPERATURES ON THE HATCHABILITY OF GOOSE EGGS
Authors: DANDÉ Krisztina , BOGENFÜRST F.
Published: November 2024

One of the chief objectives of poultry breeding is to obtain from the total hatching egg yield as many day-old birds as possible which are both viable and suitable for production; thus, hatchability has attained a priority role from the aspect of cost efficiency. Hatching eggs of different sizes have different requirements with respect both to temperature and to humidity. In this experiment three separate incubators were each set at a different temperature, in order to observe the effect of low (37.0o C) and high (39.0o C) temperature on the hatchability of goose eggs and on the intensity of incubation, and also for the purpose of mapping, by means of computer-programmed artificial eggs, changes in temperature in the incubators during the first three days. Computer-programmed artificial eggs were used for the measurement of temperature inside the incubators. The most efficient incubation was observed in the eggs incubated at 37.8o C, although the data obtained for the group incubated at 39.0o C were not substantially less favourable; those incubated at 37.0o C produced the least beneficial incubation results. On the basis of the data obtained it can be ascertained that the goose eggs showed better tolerance of high temperature than of low temperature. Low initial temperature resulted in a high ratio of shell death and protracted incubation. In the remainder of the incubation period the embryos were unable to make up for the shortfall arising in the first three days. The use of the artificial eggs enables incubators to be monitored reliably, both prior to the beginning of incubation and during the incubation period, thus allowing the detrimental effects of inappropriate temperature (too high or too low) to be avoided.
THE EFFECT OF PRE-WARMING FREQUENCY ON HATCHABILITY OF LONG STORED GOOSE EGGS
Authors: PANDUR Monika , BOGENFÜRST F.
Published: November 2024

Decrease of hatchability is a well-known fact for poultry breeder experts due to long term storage of eggs. Unfortunately there are sometimes circumstances when only solution is the storage of eggs for a shorter-longer period. Practical experiences show decrease of the hatchability even after 3-4 days of storage. If choosing the storing room circumspectly, decrease of the hatchability can be reduced as embrionic development is interrupted during storage. The necessary condition is the low (below 20o C) temperature of the storing room. As storage time increases, storing temperature decreases by several recommendations found in the literature (Tretjakov, Krok 1968; Bogenfürst 1994) anyway authors agree in keeping the temperature below 20o C, as that is the so-called embrionic zero temperature.
Mycotoxins as risk factors in animal products
Authors: ZOMBORSZKY-KOVÁCS Melinda , BANCZEROWSKI Ilona , HORN Péter , KOVÁCS Ferenc
Published: November 2024

The authors give a survey of the most frequently occurring mycotoxins (Ochratoxin A, trichotecenes, fumonisins and zearalenone) in Hungary, their harmful effects, and their possible risk of entering the food chain. OA has been detected in Hungary in coffee, cereals, kidneys of pigs slaughtered, milk and human blood. There is no residue forming from trichotecenes in animal organisms, so the risk of consuming toxin by meat and meat products is low, however, they are excreted in milk, therefore they can occur in milk and milk products. A preliminary survey of presence of fumonisins and zearalenone in milk suggests that the contamination of raw milk is theoretically possible, but it seems to be negligible from the point of view of consumer protection.
Prospects and development of broiler meat production in Perutnina Ptuj resp. Slovenia
Authors: GLASER Roman , VOLK Marko , STRELEC Vladimir , VARGA Ciril
Published: November 2024

Poultry production in Slovenia and worldwide has been rising faster than other sorts of meat production, primarily due to numerous advantages offered by genetic improvements, intensive feeding and improved technology. All this enabled poultry farming to become a successful and highly profitable agricultural activity, which has gained a prominent position in Slovenia. As regards the overall food industry in Slovenia, chicken meat accounts for 7.8 % of domestic market sales, and represents 9.2 % of foreign market sales. In recent years, Slovenia has reached approximately 42 000 tons of annual poultry production, 59.6 % of which is produced by Perutnina Ptuj. Trends towards increased consumption of chicken meat, particularly in the form of products and ready-to-eat food have been in the recent years quite notable and it seems that the production is bound to increase.
Turkeymeat production in Slovenia
Authors: PUHAR Ivo , HOLCMAN Antonija
Published: November 2024

Farmers used to rear turkeys besides chickens especially on the hilly regions of Slovenia near the Croatian Zagorje. Turkeymeat production became more intensive in 1980. After three years turkey production ceased due to increased chicken meat exports. Following the independence, Slovenia lost ex-Yugoslav markets and poultry producers had to diminish the production. Nevertheless, poultry producers wanted to use the available capacities and they started to produce turkey meat. Also a healthy nutrition became popular. From the point of view of nutritional value turkey meat is very important. In the total poultry meat production turkey meat represents 15 %, and 3.3 kg per inhabitant was produced in 2000. The consumption of turkey meat is 4.1 kg per inhabitant. The increase of turkeymeat production in future is expected and self –sufficiency anticipated.
Effect of previous and present calving interval on milk yield in present standard lactation
Authors: ŽGUR Silvester , KLOPČIČ Marija , ČEPON Marko
Published: November 2024

In the analysis, records of Black and White cows in Slovenia with lactation length more than 200 days and known length of previous and present calving interval (CI) in the period between 1986 and 1997, were included. The number of analysed records for milk yield and fat yield and content in standard lactation were 49 807 and for protein yield and content 39 802. Effects of year of calving, calving season, successive lactation, previous and present CI and interaction between previous and present CI were included in the model as fixed effects. The milk yield increased for 561 kg from present CI less than 340 days to CI from 401 to 460 days. Fat and protein yield increased for 22.3 kg and 17.0 kg with the same increased CI. The effect of previous CI amounted 50 % of the effect of present CI. The effect of CI on fat and protein content was less pronounced. Milk yield per day of present CI decreased for 2.6 kg, if present CI increased from less than 340 days to more than 460 days, and increased for 0.9 kg if previous CI increased from less than 340 days to more than 460 days.
Various aspects of quality beef production
Authors: HENNING Martina , KALLWEIT Erhard
Published: November 2024

The development of the beef market in Europe and especially in Germany will depend very much on the communication between producers and consumers. The product has to be healthy (no risks), lean and tasty and production should do no harm to the environment and the animals while they are kept on the farms. The entire production process should be transparent and quality criteria well defined. Young animals deliver more tender products than older animals. Although those do have the advantage of higher intramuscular fat contents, more care and energy is needed for the ageing process. Extensive and organic production systems do not necessarily guarantee a high meat quality, but housing and feeding conditions for the animals are considered positively by the consumer. Communication and information is needed to clarify the facts.
Lamb carcass quality of the “Istrska pramenka” sheep breed
Authors: CIVIDINI Angela , ŽGUR Silvester , KOMPAN Drago , ŽAN Metka
Published: November 2024

In the experiment described below, the carcass quality of 14 suckling lambs of the autochthonous “Istrska pramenka” breed has analysed. The dams of these lambs were fed on hay ad libidum and 500 g of concentrates per day. Besides suckling, lambs were also fed on 100 g of concentrates containing 20 % of crude protein, per day. At the average age of 55 days they reached a body mass of 19 kg. The dressing percentage was 47. At this age the majority of the lambs were classified as the B-category (64 %), 24 % as the C-category and 14 % as the A-category. 43 % of the lambs were classified as the first quality class. With regard to their insufficient fatness all the lambs were classified as the second quality class. The lambs with a higher carcass mass had darker (lower CIE L-values) and more red (higher CIE a*-values) meat at the cross section of eye muscle (musculus longissimus dorsi).
Phenotypic trends for the mass, height at withers and chest depth of one year old Simmental bulls in performance test from 1975 to 1995
Authors: JURIĆ Ivan , ČURIK Ino , KUTEROVAC Krešimir , STIPIĆ Nikola
Published: November 2024

Since the first Croatian cattle-breeding program dating from 1973 (Jurić et al., 1973), for the Simmental cattle, growth traits have been tested with the performance test (Station in Varaždin). Although there are several studies related to growth traits and body size no systematic analysis of the realized genetic gain nor the evaluation of the breeding program has been taken in the past 28 years. During the last decades economic situation was more favourable at the meat type while selected bulls (mainly imported) were mainly of dairy type. The aim of this paper was to set up phenotypic trends for the traits (mass, height at withers and chest depth) and thus to analyze the type of cattle (meat versus dairy type) Simmental breed in Croatia is going toward in the period of 21 years (from 1975 to 1995). The analysis was related to the measurements of the one-year-old bulls (around 1000) from the Performance test station Varaždin. Significant negative linear regression coefficients were obtained for the mass (b = –0.928, R2 = 0.026) as well as for the chest depth (b = –0.091, R2 = 0.078) while there was significant positive regression coefficient for the height at wither (b = 0.064, R2 = 0.078) for the models where season was considered as a fixed effect. Very similar estimates were obtained in the models without season as a fixed effect. The obtained estimates suggest that Simmental population was moving more toward dairy type. However, explained variation in the model was low and the models with included genetic factors would be necessary to confirm obtained trends.