bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Silica based ionogels: interface effects with aprotic and protic ionic liquids with lithium
Authors: Marie Angélique , Said Bilel , Galarneau Anne , Stettner Timo , Balducci Andrea , Bayle Maxime , Humbert Bernard , Le Bideau Jean
Published: October 2020

Ionogels are obtained by confinement in silica with controlled mesoporosity; the effects of confinement, more specifically on the coordination between lithium and anion, are compared between two closely related protic and aprotic ionic liquids.
Activation of O2and NO in heme-copper oxidases – mechanistic insights from computational modelling
Authors: Blomberg Margareta R. A.
Published: October 2020

Recent computational studies elucidate the mechanisms in heme-copper oxidases for energy conservation and reduction of O2and NO.
Metabolic and transcriptional regulation of phenolic conversion and tocopherol biosynthesis during germination of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds
Authors: Li Xiang , Dong Shan , Bai Wenliang , Jia Jie , Gu Ruijuan , Zhao Caicai , Liu Xuebo , Wang Yutang
Published: October 2020

This study investigate the changes in phenolic and tocopherols of sesame seeds during 0–6 days of germination, and the activities of phenolic metabolism-related enzymes and the expression of key genes in the tocopherol synthesis pathway.
Evaluation of chemical speciation on Lp (p = l, α, η, β) X-ray emission peaks of thallium compounds with a wavelength-dispersive spectrometer
Authors: Kainth Harpreet Singh , Khandelwal Deeksha
Published: October 2020

The measurements of X-ray emission lines in atomic decay to the L-shell of thallium compounds were performed using a laboratory source-based conventional wavelength dispersive spectrometer.
Microfluidic paper-based analytical device using gold nanoparticles modified with N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dithiooxamide for detection of Hg(ii) in air, fish and water samples
Authors: Shariati Sattar , Khayatian Gholamreza
Published: October 2020

A new method for visual detection of mercury by color change is developed that can detect Hg2+ by the naked eye or a digital camera.
The split-off terahertz radiating dipoles on thermally reduced α-V2O5 (001) surface
Authors: Wang Q. J. , Wang H. , Zhou Z. H. , Zuo J. , Zhang C. L.
Published: October 2020

The formation of vanadyl oxygen defects leads to a transient charge distribution that forms terahertz radiating dipoles on the V2O5 (001) surface.
Visible light-driven oxidative coupling of dibenzylamine and substituted anilines with a 2D WSe2 nanomesh material
Authors: Chai Kejie , Shi Yifeng , Wang Yanqiong , Zou Peijie , Yuan Qingrong , Xu Weiming , Zhang Pengfei
Published: October 2020

A visible light-driven oxidative coupling reaction catalyzed using a 2D WSe2 nanomesh with extremely high exposure of crystal layer edges.
Photothermal self-healing of gold nanoparticle–polystyrene hybrids
Authors: Cho Yi Je , Kong Lingchen , Islam Rezawana , Nie Meitong , Zhou Wei , Lu Kathy
Published: October 2020

Photothermal self-healing efficiency increased with Au nanoparticle contents and particle agglomeration deteriorated the efficiency.
On-surface synthesis of size- and shape-controlled two-dimensional Aun nanoclusters using a flexible fullerene molecular template
Authors: Guo Lu'an , Wang Yitao , Bao De-Liang , Jia Hai-Hong , Wang Zhiming , Du Shixuan , Guo Quanmin
Published: October 2020

Formation of gold nanoclusters within a C60 matrix.
On a local (de-)trapping model for highly doped Pr3+ radioluminescent and persistent luminescent nanoparticles
Authors: Mandl Gabrielle A. , Van der Heggen David , Cooper Daniel R. , Joos Jonas J. , Seuntjens Jan , Smet Philippe F. , Capobianco John A.
Published: October 2020

NaLuF4:20% Pr3+ nanoparticles exhibit size dependent persistent luminescence along with changes in radioluminesence intensity during X-ray irradiation. These observations can be accounted for using a local trapping model.
Metal-free C–S coupling of thiols and disulfides
Authors: Pramanik Milan , Choudhuri Khokan , Mal Prasenjit
Published: October 2020

A literature overview on C–S coupling reactions using thiols or disulfides as sulfur surrogates under metal-free conditions is presented. Reagents for the transformations include polyvalent iodines, peroxides, tert-butyl nitrite (TBN), DDQ, and aerial oxygen, among others.
Synthesis of CO2-responsive gradient copolymers by switchable RAFT polymerization and their controlled self-assembly
Authors: Guo Xiaofeng , Zhang Tianren , Wu Yuetong , Shi Wencheng , Choi Bonnie , Feng Anchao , Thang San H.
Published: October 2020

Switchable RAFT agents, so-called because they can be reversibly switched by an acid/base stimulus to offer very good control over polymerization of both MAMs and LAMs, provide a route to prepare well-defined polyMAM-block-polyLAM copolymers.
Anisotropic quasi-one-dimensional layered transition-metal trichalcogenides: synthesis, properties and applications
Authors: Patra Abhinandan , Rout Chandra Sekhar
Published: October 2020

The strong in-plane anisotropy and quasi-1D electronic structures of transition-metal trichalcogenides (MX3; M = group IV or V transition metal; X = S, Se, or Te) have pronounced influence on moulding the properties of MX3 materials.
Hierarchical micro-/mesoporous zeolite microspheres prepared by colloidal assembly of zeolite nanoparticles
Authors: Rosas-Arbelaez Walter , Fijneman Andreas J. , Friedrich Heiner , Palmqvist Anders E. C.
Published: October 2020

Evaporation-driven colloidal assembly of silicalite-1 nanoparticles into well-defined micro-sized spheres at low temperature and preparation times.
A fluorescent supramolecular gel and its application in the ultrasensitive detection of CN− by anion–π interactions
Authors: Yang Hao-Hang , Liu Pei-Pei , Hu Jian-Peng , Fang Hu , Lin Qi , Hong Yao , Zhang You-Ming , Qu Wen-Juan , Wei Tai-Bao
Published: October 2020

Herein, we constructed a supramolecular gelator HD based on a naphthalimide functionalized naphthaldehyde system, which could be applied in the ultrasensitive detection of CN− and the detection limit was 1.82 × 10−10 M.
A graphene-based electro-thermochromic textile display
Authors: Ji Xiaoqian , Liu Wenwen , Yin Yunjie , Wang Chaoxia , Torrisi Felice
Published: October 2020

Electronic textiles are rapidly emerging as key enablers for wearable electronics. Here we demonstrate fast electro-thermochromic textile displays enabled by a screen-printed, few-layer graphene ink on a cotton fabric, thus representing a breakthrough in e-textiles technology.
Knockdown of CRAD suppresses the growth and promotes the apoptosis of human lung cancer cells via Claudin 4
Authors: Cui Anfang , Xue Yuchan , Wang Xi’ao , Huang Yanhong , Han Xiaolin , Li Xiangling , Niu Delei , Niu Shaorui , Zhao Yujie , Yang Xinyu , Yu Wei
Published: October 2020

Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality globally. However, the mechanism underlying NSCLC is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the role of cancer-related regulator of actin dynamics (CRAD) in NSCLC. We showed that CRAD was up-regulated in human NSCLC tissues and lung cancer cell lines. Lentivirus-mediated knockdown of CRAD repressed the proliferation and colony growth of A549 and H1299 cells. Apoptosis was enhanced by CRAD silencing in both cells, implicating that CRAD might maintain the survival of lung cancer cells. Microarray and bioinformatic assay revealed that CRAD directly or indirectly regulated diverse genes, including those involved in cell cycle and DNA damage repair. qRT-PCR and Western blot results confirmed the dysregulated genes as shown in microarray analysis. Claudin 4 was up-regulated in CRAD silenced A549 cells. The knockdown of Claudin 4 blocked the effects of CRAD on the expression of cell cycle and apoptosis effectors and enhanced the viability of A549 cells with CRAD down-regulation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that CRAD acts as an oncogene in NSCLC at least partly through repressing Claudin 4.
Wide voltage gain range application for full‐bridge LLC resonant converter with narrow switching frequency range
Authors: Wei Yuqi , Luo Quanming , Wang Zhiqing , Mantooth Alan
Published: October 2020

In wide voltage range applications, traditional LLC converters suffer from the following issues: (i) to cover a wide voltage gain operating range, the required switching frequency range is also large, which challenges the design and optimisation of magnetic components, gate driver circuitry, and electro‐magnetic interference filter; (ii) a small magnetising inductance is preferred in wide voltage gain range application, which leads to the increase of circuit circulating current and corresponding conduction loss; (iii) passive elements are determined based on the minimum switching frequency, so bulky passive elements are required to satisfy the required operation range. To solve these problems, in this study, a full‐bridge LLC (FBLLC) resonant converter with two operation modes, namely full‐bridge operation and frequency doubler operation, is proposed for wide voltage gain range application. The FBLLC converter discussed in this study can be designed in half of the input voltage range when compared with the conventional method, so smaller switching frequency operating range and higher efficiency operation are guaranteed. In addition, the smooth mode transition is achieved by introducing switching frequency feedforward control and small output voltage overshoot or undershoot is observed. A 150 W experimental prototype was built to validate the theoretical analysis.
Dust trapping around Lagrangian points in protoplanetary disks
Authors: Montesinos Matías , Garrido-Deutelmoser Juan , Olofsson Johan , Giuppone Cristian A. , Cuadra Jorge , Bayo Amelia , Sucerquia Mario , Cuello Nicolás
Published: October 2020

Aims.Trojans are defined as objects that share the orbit of a planet at the stable Lagrangian pointsL4andL5. In the Solar System, these bodies show a broad size distribution ranging from micrometer (μm) to centimeter (cm) particles (Trojan dust) and up to kilometer (km) rocks (Trojan asteroids). It has also been theorized that earth-like Trojans may be formed in extra-solar systems. The Trojan formation mechanism is still under debate, especially theories involving the effects of dissipative forces from a viscous gaseous environment.

Methods.We perform hydro-simulations to follow the evolution of a protoplanetary disk with an embedded 1–10 Jupiter-mass planet. On top of the gaseous disk, we set a distribution ofμm–cm dust particles interacting with the gas. This allows us to follow dust dynamics as solids get trapped around the Lagrangian points of the planet.

Results.We show that large vortices generated at the Lagrangian points are responsible for dust accumulation, where the leading Lagrangian pointL4traps a larger amount of submillimeter (submm) particles than the trailingL5, which traps mostly mm–cm particles. However, the total bulk mass, with typical values of ~Mmoon, is more significant inL5than inL4, in contrast to what is observed in the current Solar System a few gigayears later. Furthermore, the migration of the planet does not seem to affect the reported asymmetry betweenL4andL5.

Conclusions.The main initial mass reservoir for Trojan dust lies in the same co-orbital path of the planet, while dust migrating from the outer region (due to drag) contributes very little to its final mass, imposing strong mass constraints for the in situ formation scenario of Trojan planets.
The search for galaxy cluster members with deep learning of panchromatic HST imaging and extensive spectroscopy
Authors: Angora G. , Rosati P. , Brescia M. , Mercurio A. , Grillo C. , Caminha G. , Meneghetti M. , Nonino M. , Vanzella E. , Bergamini P. , Biviano A. , Lombardi M.
Published: October 2020

Context.The next generation of extensive and data-intensive surveys are bound to produce a vast amount of data, which can be efficiently dealt with using machine-learning and deep-learning methods to explore possible correlations within the multi-dimensional parameter space.

Aims.We explore the classification capabilities of convolution neural networks (CNNs) to identify galaxy cluster members (CLMs) by usingHubbleSpace Telescope (HST) images of fifteen galaxy clusters at redshift 0.19 ≲ z ≲ 0.60, observed as part of the CLASH andHubbleFrontier Field programmes.

Methods.We used extensive spectroscopic information, based on the CLASH-VLT VIMOS programme combined with MUSE observations, to define the knowledge base. We performed various tests to quantify how well CNNs can identify cluster members on ht basis of imaging information only. Furthermore, we investigated the CNN capability to predict source memberships outside the training coverage, in particular, by identifying CLMs at the faint end of the magnitude distributions.

Results.We find that the CNNs achieve a purity-completeness rate ≳90%, demonstrating stable behaviour across the luminosity and colour of cluster galaxies, along with a remarkable generalisation capability with respect to cluster redshifts. We concluded that if extensive spectroscopic information is available as a training base, the proposed approach is a valid alternative to catalogue-based methods because it has the advantage of avoiding photometric measurements, which are particularly challenging and time-consuming in crowded cluster cores. As a byproduct, we identified 372 photometric cluster members, with mag(F814) < 25, to complete the sample of 812 spectroscopic members in four galaxy clusters RX J2248-4431, MACS J0416-2403, MACS J1206-0847 and MACS J1149+2223.

Conclusions.When this technique is applied to the data that are expected to become available from forthcoming surveys, it will be an efficient tool for a variety of studies requiring CLM selection, such as galaxy number densities, luminosity functions, and lensing mass reconstruction.
Une base de données événementielle du risque rocheux dans les Alpes Françaises
Authors: Eckert Nicolas , Mainieri Robin , Bourrier Franck , Giacona Florie , Corona Christophe , Le Bidan Valentin , Lescurier Anne
Published: October 2020

Les bases de données événementielles recensant les chutes de blocs et leurs conséquences restent peu développées. Dans les Alpes françaises, un territoire pourtant propice et où les enjeux sont nombreux et diversifiés, l’information existante est dispersée et hétérogène. Dans le contexte du Projet National C2ROP, un premier effort de capitalisation, d’homogénéisation et d’exploitation de l’existant a été réalisé. La base de données C2ROP-INRAE construite couvre les six départements des Alpes françaises et rassemble d’ores et déjà plus de 8000 événements au sein d’un environnement commun géo-référencé incluant date et lieu d’occurrence et volume des événements. En outre, les informations textuelles disponibles au format numérique ont été dépouillées pour évaluer les dommages occasionnés de façon aussi complète que possible. Ce travail confirme la réalité de l’aléa et du risque pour les Alpes françaises. Les données rassemblées sont à présent disponibles pour des analyses plus poussées et/ou ciblées. Des pistes pour approfondir et étendre la base C2ROP-INRAE sont également proposées.
Benchmark des approches d’analyse trajectographique par analyse comparative de simulations prédictives et d’essais de terrain
Authors:   Collectif des participants à l’action A.3.1 du projet C2ROP
Published: October 2020

Une étude comparative de résultats d’essais de lâcher de blocs et de simulations prédictives fournies par 18 participants a été menée dans l’optique d’évaluer les capacités prédictives des études trajectographiques. La propagation d’une centaine de blocs rocheux sur deux zones de propagation, comportant des discontinuités topographiques et des configurations favorisant la propagation des blocs selon des modes assimilables à du roulement, a été analysée au niveau de zones spécifiques, dénommées écrans d’évaluation. Une variabilité significative des vitesses de passage des blocs a été mesurée au niveau des écrans d’évaluation et des distributions bimodales de ces vitesses ont été observées pour les écrans situés en aval de discontinuités topographiques. L’analyse comparative des résultats expérimentaux et des études trajectographiques met en évidence une grande variabilité des résultats de simulation fournis et, par conséquent, de fortes incertitudes associées aux prévisions, pour ces études menées sans données de calibration préalable. Par ailleurs, les outils de simulation trajectographique s’avèrent limités en termes de modélisation des phases de propagation des blocs à faible énergie, assimilables à du roulement sur sol meuble, notamment. Enfin, les études présentent de meilleures capacités prédictives en termes de vitesses « extrêmes » que de vitesses moyennes ou de probabilité de passage des blocs.
Simulated Gastrointestinal Biotransformation of Chlorogenic Acid, Flavonoids, Flavonolignans and Triterpenoid Saponins in Cecropia obtusifolia Leaf Extract
Authors: Rivera-Mondragón Andrés , Peeters Laura , Van Anastasiader Auwera , Breynaert Annelies , Caballero-George Catherina , Pieters Luc , Hermans Nina , Foubert Kenn
Published: October 2020

It is well known that biotransformation processes in the human body are crucial to form potentially bioactive metabolites from particular classes of natural products. However, little research has been conducted concerning the bioavailability of polyphenols, especially in the colon. The gastrointestinal stability and colonic biotransformation of the crude extract of the leaves of Cecropia obtusifolia, rich in flavone C-glycosides, was investigated under in vitro conditions, and the processing and interpretation of results were facilitated by using an automated machine learning model. This investigation revealed that flavone C-glycosides and flavonolignans from C. obtusifolia were stable throughout their passage in the simulated gastrointestinal tract including the colon phase. On the other hand, the colon bacteria extensively metabolized chlorogenic acid, flavonol, and triterpenoid O-glycosides. This investigation revealed that
the colonic microbiota has an important role in the biotransformation of some chemical constituents of this extract.
Identification of TRPV1 Ion Channels Agonists of Tropaeolum tuberosum in Human Skin Keratinocytes
Authors: Ticona Luis Apaza , Sánchez Ángel Rumbero , Estrada Cristina Thiebaut , Palomino Olga M.
Published: October 2020

Tropaeolum tuberosum, commonly known as Mashua, is an herbal remedy used in traditional Andean medicine for the relief of kidney and bladder pain, as well as contusions. This study aimed to evaluate the fractions and isolated compounds from T. tuberosum with analgesic activity mediated by the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 receptor. A bioguided phytochemical analysis based on NMR/MS was performed to identify the compounds of the n-heptane fractions from samples of purple tubers of T. tuberosum. The transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 agonist and antagonist activity were assessed through the measurement of intracellular Ca2+ in HEK001 cells. The chemical structure determination led to the identification of two alkamides: N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosatetraenamide (1) and N-oleoyldopamine (2). Both compounds induced increased intracellular calcium flow with IC50 values of 3.2 nM and 7.9 nM, respectively, thus activating the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 receptor. Our research is the first report to show that these two compounds isolated from T. tuberosum can act as agonists of the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 receptor, providing scientific evidence for the traditional use of this species in pain relief.
Barcelona’s science diplomacy: towards an ecosystem-driven internationalization strategy
Authors: Roig Alexis , Sun-Wang Jia Liang , Manfredi-Sánchez Juan-Luis
Published: October 2020

Urban innovation ecosystems are set to play a prominent role in the internationalization and governance of big cities. By harboring solid scientific and technological assets and attracting both human and financial capital, they are best suited to become the pivotal actors of effective multi-stakeholder partnerships between the scientific community, public institutions, the private sector and civil society. In 2018, Barcelona’s knowledge and innovation ecosystem came together to launch a comprehensive diplomatic strategy to put the city’s science and technology at the forefront of global challenges. This paper presents the case study of Barcelona and discuss the opportunities for city-led science diplomacy as a formal, institutionalized practice aimed to reinforcing the insertion of local interests in the international scene while favouring the open interaction between the internal stakeholders involved.
Centering a beam of light to the axis of rotation of a planar object
Authors: Strong Elizabeth F. , Anderson Alexander Q. , Gopinath Juliet T. , Rieker Gregory B.
Published: October 2020

We detail an experimentally simple approach for centering a beam of light to the axis of a rotating surface. This technique can be understood as a rotating analog to knife-edge profilometry, a common experimental technique wherein the intensity (or power) of various masked portions of a beam is used to ascertain the transverse intensity profile of the beam. Instead of collecting the light transmitted through a mask, we give the surface a variable reflectivity (such as with a strip of retro-reflective tape) and sample the light scattered from the surface as it rotates. We co-align the transverse position (not the tilt) of the axis of rotation and the beam centroid by minimizing the modulation amplitude of this scattered light. In a controlled experiment, we compare the centroid found using this approach to the centroid found using the canonical knife-edge approach in two directions. We find our results to be accurate to within the uncertainty of the benchmark measurement, ±0.03 mm (±2.9% of the beam waist). Using simulations that mimic the experiments, we estimate that the uncertainty of the technique is much smaller than that of the benchmark measurement, ±0.01 mm (±1% of the beam waist), limited here by the size of the components used in these experiments. We expect this centering technique to find applications in experimental and industrial fabrication and processing settings where alignment involving rotating surfaces is critical.
Image-driven discriminative and generative machine learning algorithms for establishing microstructure–processing relationships
Authors: Ma W. , Kautz E. J. , Baskaran A. , Chowdhury A. , Joshi V. , Yener B. , Lewis D. J.
Published: October 2020

We investigate the methods of microstructure representation for the purpose of predicting processing condition from microstructure image data. A binary alloy (uranium–molybdenum) that is currently under development as a nuclear fuel was studied for the purpose of developing an improved machine learning approach to image recognition, characterization, and building predictive capabilities linking microstructure to processing conditions. Here, we test different microstructure representations and evaluate model performance based on the F1 score. A F1 score of 95.1% was achieved for distinguishing between micrographs corresponding to ten different thermo-mechanical material processing conditions. We find that our newly developed microstructure representation describes image data well, and the traditional approach of utilizing area fractions of different phases is insufficient for distinguishing between multiple classes using a relatively small, imbalanced original dataset of 272 images. To explore the applicability of generative methods for supplementing such limited datasets, generative adversarial networks were trained to generate artificial microstructure images. Two different generative networks were trained and tested to assess performance. Challenges and best practices associated with applying machine learning to limited microstructure image datasets are also discussed. Our work has implications for quantitative microstructure analysis and development of microstructure–processing relationships in limited datasets typical of metallurgical process design studies.
Impact of the confinement plate on the synthetic jet
Authors: Smyk Emil , Przeszłowski Łukasz , Strzelczyk Piotr M.
Published: October 2020

Axisymmetric synthetic jet actuators making use of loudspeakers and four lengths of the orifice with and without a confinement plate were experimentally tested and compared. The first (reference) orifice was the shortest one and was confined by the actuator wall. The next length of orifices was obtained with the use of one of three orifices’ extension, with or without a confinement plate. The possibility of the use of the power factor to find the first characteristic frequency is presented. The dependence of the reaction force from the orifice length and the power is described. The time-reaction force of the actuator was measured. The actuators with a confinement plate at the time of measurements of frequency function and at the constant power generate less reaction force, as well as less velocity and efficiency, than the ones without it (even 1.8% at the characteristic frequency).
Evaluation of academic detailing visits on GP knowledge and practice for statin use and management
Authors: Hains Isla , Raffoul Natalie , Yoo Jeannie
Published: October 2020

Dyslipidaemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is routinely managed by GPs. Lipid-modifying medicines, commonly statins, are used to treat dyslipidaemia and prevent CVD in high-risk individuals. A national education program for over 8000 Australian GPs was delivered and evaluated. The program aimed to optimise the use of statins and provide GPs with an Australian-developed statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) management algorithm supporting assessment and management of suspected SAMS. Retrospective pre-test and control questionnaires were administered to measure changes in knowledge and intended practice following the education program. A total of 226 participant GPs and 150 control GPs completed the questionnaires. The program led to positive changes in GP knowledge and intended practice around the use of absolute CVD risk to make prescribing decisions. Participant GPs demonstrated increased knowledge, compared with control GPs, about the use of CVD risk calculators as the most effective approach to lipid management, and adequately trialling a statin before considering a second agent. One of the greatest improvements in participant GP-intended practice related to the assessment and management of suspected SAMS, with participant GPs more likely to appropriately identify and manage suspected SAMS than control GPs.
Extracellular vesicle-associated VEGF-C promotes lymphangiogenesis and immune cells infiltration in endometriosis
Authors: Li Wan-Ning , Hsiao Kuei-Yang , Wang Chu-An , Chang Ning , Hsu Pei-Ling , Sun Chung-Hsien , Wu Shang-Rung , Wu Meng-Hsing , Tsai Shaw-Jenq
Published: October 2020

Significance

Endometriosis is a highly prevalent proinflammatory disease without reliable diagnostic biomarkers and cannot be cured by nowadays’ medical treatments. Herein, we identified that extracellular vesicle (EV)-associated VEGF-C, secreted by proinflammatory cytokine-stimulated endometriotic stromal cells, is a critical modulator for endometriosis progression by promoting lymphangiogenesis. Invaded lymphatic vessels may serve as a canal for the infiltration of immune cells, which further enhances the inflammatory status in the endometriotic microenvironment and produces more EV-VEGF-C. The elevated circulating EV-VEGF-C is a sensitive and reliable biomarker for detecting endometriosis. These data advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of endometriosis and suggest VEGF-C can be a noninvasive diagnostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for endometriosis.
Worldwide strawberry industry.
Authors: Hancock James F.
Published: October 2020

This chapter provides information on the major strawberry-producing countries, such as China, USA, Mexico, Egypt, Turkey and Spain, among others. The various cultivation characteristics and popular cultivars used in these major strawberry-producing countries are also presented.
Investigation of the frequency dependent spatio-temporal dynamics and controllability of microdischarges in unipolar pulsed plasma electrolytic oxidation
Authors: Hermanns Patrick , Boeddeker Simon , Bracht Vera , Bibinov Nikita , Grundmeier Guido , Awakowicz Peter
Published: October 2020

The unipolar pulsed-plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of aluminum has been replaced by bipolar pulsed methods that use a so-called ‘soft-sparking’mode. This method results in an effective reduction of intense microdischarges, which are detrimental to the oxide layer. In a previous publication, we developed an in-situ multivariable microdischarge control scheme using unipolar pulsing. Using this method, it is possible to restrict the mean microdischarge size to well-defined limits, while at the same time influencing the mean microdischarge energy, number density or spectral emission behaviour. This method operates well inside a frequency range of

f
=
1
−
20
 

k
H
z

. Although this method shows highly desirable plasma control
properties, the mechanisms defining this frequency-dependent controllability are unclear. The aim of this study is to visualize the spatio-temporal behavior of microdischarges in higher frequency ranges.
First, a wavelet transform was performed to estimate the temporal evolution of microdischarge lifetimes. Ceramic coatings were then deposited on aluminum alloy substrates in an aqueous solution using unipolar pulsed galvanostatic PEO. The aluminum samples were coated for 30 min at frequencies of

f

1

=
50
 

H
z

,

f

2

=
5
 

k
H
z

and

f

3

=
100
 

k
H
z

. High-speed imaging was carried out utilizing four synchronized intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) cameras, each with a 500 ns exposure time. At

f

2

=
5
 

k
H
z

, the microdischarges were still able to follow the electrical pulses. In this regime, the process can be divided into two stages, an initial charging of the substrate surface without plasma emission and a subsequent slower evolution of microdischarges. Equivalent circuit model descriptions are given for both processes. At

f

3

=
100
 

k
H
z

, microdischarges were not able to follow the pulse frequency, as the lifetimes and risetimes of the microdischarge characteristics were longer than the pulse length. Reignition at the same spatial location, clustering and permanent ignition through pulse periods were observed.
Fundamental understanding of millipede morphology and locomotion dynamics
Authors: Garcia Anthony , Krummel Gregory , Priya Shashank
Published: October 2020

A detailed model for the locomotory mechanics used by millipedes is provided here through systematic experimentation on the animal and validation of observations through a biomimetic robotic platform. Millipedes possess a powerful gait that is necessary for generating large thrust force required for proficient burrowing. Millipedes implement a metachronal gait through movement of many legs that generates a traveling wave. This traveling wave is modulated by the animal to control the magnitude of thrust force in the direction of motion for burrowing, climbing, or walking. The quasi-static model presented for the millipede locomotion mechanism matches experimental observations on live millipedes and results obtained from a biomimetic robotic platform. The model addresses questions related to the unique morphology of millipedes with respect to their locomotory performance. A complete understanding of the physiology of millipedes and mechanisms that provide modulation of the traveling wave locomotion using a metachronal gait to increase their forward thrust is provided. Further, morphological features needed to optimize various locomotory and burrowing functions are discussed. Combined, these results open opportunity for development of biologically inspired locomotory methods for miniaturized robotic platforms traversing terrains and substrates that present large resistances.
Long-term trends in anthropogenic land use in Siberia and the Russian Far East: a case study synthesis from Landsat
Authors: Bergen K M , Loboda T , Newell J P , Kharuk V , Hitztaler S , Sun G , Johnson T , Hoffman-Hall A , Ouyang W , Park K , Fort C , Gargulinski E
Published: October 2020

As globally important forested areas situated in a context of dramatic socio-economic changes, Siberia and the Russian Far East (RFE) are important regions to monitor for anthropogenic land-use trends. Therefore, we compiled decadal Landsat-derived land-cover and land-use data for eight dominantly rural case study sites in these regions and focused on trends associated with settlements, agriculture, logging, and roads 1975–2010. Several key spatial–temporal trends emerged from the integrated landscape-scale analyses. First, road building increased in all case study sites over the 35-year period, despite widespread socio-economic decline post-1990. Second, increase in settlements area was negligible over all sites. Third, increased road building, largely of minor roads, was especially high in more rugged and remote RFE case study sites not associated with greater agriculture extent or settlement densities. High demands for wood export coupled with the expansion of commercial timber harvest leases starting in the mid-1990s are likely among leading reasons for an increase in roads. Fourth, although fire was the dominant disturbance over all sites and dates combined, logging exerted a strong land-use pattern, serving as a reminder that considering local anthropogenic landscapes is important, especially in Siberia and the RFE, which represent almost 10% of the Earth’s terrestrial land surface. The paper concludes by identifying remaining research needs regarding anthropogenic land use in the region: more frequent moderate spatial resolution imagery and greater access to more finely resolved statistical and other spatial data will enable further research.

Social media abstract

Landsat reveals long-term anthropogenic land-use trends in Siberia and Russian Far East
A new boson realization of fusion polynomial algebras in non-Hermitian quantum mechanics: γ-deformed

su(2)

generators,

PT

-symmetry in Fock space and Higgs algebra
Authors: Chakraborty Arindam
Published: October 2020

A γ-deformed version of

s
u

(

2

)

algebra with non-Hermitian generators has been obtained from a bi-orthogonal system of vectors in C

2
. The related Jordan–Schwinger map is combined with boson algebras to obtain a hierarchy of fusion polynomial algebras. This makes possible the construction of Higgs algebra of cubic polynomial type which eventually leads to several multi-boson non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. Finally, the notion of global and partial

PT

-symmetry have been introduced in a typical Fock space setting. The possibility of

PT

-symmetry breaking is also discussed. The deformation parameter γ plays a crucial role in the entire formulation and non-trivially modifies the eigenfunctions under consideration. The symmetry behavior has been conceptualized in terms of a couple of toy models.
Complementary characterization method of 3D arsenic doping by using medium energy ion scattering
Authors: Woguia L Penlap , Pierre F , Sanchez D F , Marmitt G G , Saghi Z , Jalabert D
Published: October 2020

We report on a new characterization method of 3D—doping performed by arsenic implantation into FinFET—like nanostructures by using Medium Energy Ion Scattering. Because of its good depth resolution (0.25 nm) at the surface, it is one of techniques of choice suitable to analyse the ultra-shallow doping of thin crystal films. However, with the constraints related to the nanostructures’ geometry and the low lateral resolution of the MEIS beam (0.5 × 1 mm2), we developed an adequate protocol allowing their analysis with this technique. It encompasses three different geometries to account for the MEIS spectra of the arsenic implanted in each part of the nanostructures. The originality of the protocol is that, according to the chosen analysis geometry, the overall spectrum of arsenic is not the same because the contributions of each part of the patterns to its formation are different. By using two of them, we observed double peaks of arsenic. Thanks to 3D deconvolutions performed with PowerMEIS simulations, we were able to identify the contribution of the tops, sidewalls and bottoms in their formation. Thus, by separating the spectrum of the dopants implanted in the Fins (tops + sidewalls) from that of the bottoms, we were able to characterize the 3D doping conformity in the patterns. Two different implantation methods with the associated local doses computed in each single part were investigated. We found that the distribution of the dopants implanted by using the conventional implanter method is very different from that of plasma doping.
Pediatric Teleneuropsychology: Feasibility and Recommendations
Authors: Ransom Danielle M , Butt Sakina M , DiVirgilio Emily K , Cederberg Charles D , Srnka Kyle D , Hess Colleen T , Sy Megan C , Katzenstein Jennifer M
Published: October 2020

Objective

Teleneuropsychology (TeleNP) is a growing and promising practice within the telemedicine landscape that has been well established within the adult neuropsychology literature. This project aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of TeleNP in a pediatric clinical population and disseminate clinical decision-making procedures to guide best practices for pediatric TeleNP.

Method

This project conducted during the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic reflects the largest clinical cohort to date of TeleNP in a pediatric population (N = 129). Data were gathered retrospectively from patients who were rescheduled from in-person assessment to TeleNP between March to June 2020.

Results

TeleNP was an accessible option for most patients and families, with no differences in demographic variables in patient appointment attendance, whether testing was conducted, and whether the patient was referred for face-to-face follow-up. Patients using laptops/desktops were more likely to undergo remote test administration in comparison with patients using phones/tablets (χ2 = 23.83, p < .002). Sixty-three percent of the sample were referred for a face-to-face follow-up assessment.

Conclusions

TeleNP is feasible in a pediatric clinical population ranging to begin the process of differential diagnosis and treatment planning. Pediatric TeleNP may be most efficacious as a screening procedure due to limited measures suited for remote administration and behavioral challenges interfering with testing requiring in-person follow-up. TeleNP screening as standard practice for patients who do not require a full, traditional neuropsychological battery may provide a more efficient care model, with more patients able to be seen using shorter batteries with less wait time.
Imaging the Moho and Main Himalayan Thrust beneath the Kumaon Himalaya: constraints from receiver function analysis
Authors: Hazarika Devajit , Hajra Somak , Kundu Abhishek , Bankhwal Meena , Kumar Naresh , Pant C C
Published: October 2020

We analyse P-wave receiver functions across the Kumaon Himalaya and adjoining area to constrain crustal thickness, intracrustal structures and seismic velocity characteristics to address the role of the underlying structure on seismogenesis and geodynamic evolution of the region. The three-component waveforms of teleseismic earthquakes recorded by a seismological network consisting of 18 broad-band seismological stations have been used for receiver function analysis. The common conversion point (CCP) depth migrated receiver function image and shear wave velocity models obtained through inversion show a variation of crustal thickness from ∼38 km in the Indo-Gangetic Plain to ∼42 km near the Vaikrita Thrust. A ramp (∼20°) structure on the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) is revealed beneath the Chiplakot Crystalline Belt (CCB) that facilitates the exhumation of the CCB. The geometry of the MHT observed from the receiver function image is consistent with the geometry revealed by a geological balanced cross-section. A cluster of seismicity at shallow to mid-crustal depths is detected near the MHT ramp. The spatial and depth distribution of seismicity pattern beneath the CCB and presence of steep dipping imbricate faults inferred from focal mechanism solutions suggest a Lesser Himalayan Duplex structure in the CCB above the MHT ramp. The study reveals a low-velocity zone (LVZ) with a high Poisson's ratio (σ ∼0.28–0.30) at lower crustal depth beneath the CCB. The high value of Poisson's ratio in the lower crust suggests the presence of fluid/partial melt. The shear heating in the ductile regime and/or decompression and cooling associated with the exhumation of the CCB plausibly created favorable conditions for partial melting in the lower crustal LVZ.
Derogations from the European Convention on Human Rights: The Case for Reform
Authors: Wallace Stuart
Published: October 2020

This article examines State practice on derogations from human rights protection during states of emergency under Article 15 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The article presents statistical data on the use of derogations, offers analysis of the data and practice and advances a series of reform proposals. It is argued that Article 15 is being misused by States to derogate for protracted periods of time for entrenched emergencies and that emergency measures are remaining in place after declared emergencies have ended. Equally, States are not derogating in circumstances where they should for military operations, particularly extra-territorial military operations. It is argued that the European Court of Human Rights has been deferential in enforcing Article 15 and that reform is needed to address the problems identified. Reforms should include review procedures for emergency measures, enhanced procedures for notifying derogations and an amendment to facilitate extra-territorial derogations.
Incoherent dimensionality in fisheries management: consequences of misaligned stock assessment and population boundaries
Authors: Berger Aaron M , Deroba Jonathan J , Bosley Katelyn M , Goethel Daniel R , Langseth Brian J , Schueller Amy M , Hanselman Dana H
Published: October 2020

Fisheries policy inherently relies on an explicit definition of management boundaries that delineate the spatial extent over which stocks are assessed and regulations are implemented. However, management boundaries tend to be static and determined by politically negotiated or historically identified population (or multi-species) units, which create a potential disconnect with underlying, dynamic population structure. The consequences of incoherent management and population or stock boundaries were explored through the application of a two-area spatial simulation–estimation framework. Results highlight the importance of aligning management assessment areas with underlying population structure and processes, especially when fishing mortality is disproportionate to vulnerable biomass among management areas, demographic parameters (growth and maturity) are not homogenous within management areas, and connectivity (via recruitment or movement) unknowingly exists among management areas. Bias and risk were greater for assessments that incorrectly span multiple population segments (PSs) compared to assessments that cover a subset of a PS, and these results were exacerbated when there was connectivity between PSs. Directed studies and due consideration of critical PSs, spatially explicit models, and dynamic management options that help align management and population boundaries would likely reduce estimation biases and management risk, as would closely coordinated management that functions across population boundaries.
A mathematical analysis of fairness in shootouts
Authors: Lambers Roel , Spieksma Frits C R
Published: October 2020

A shootout is a popular mechanism to identify a winner of a match between two teams. It consists of rounds in which each team gets, sequentially, an opportunity to score a point. It has been shown empirically that shooting first or shooting second in a round has an impact on the scoring probability. This raises a fairness question: is it possible to specify a sequence such that identical teams have equal chance of winning? We show that, for a sudden death, no repetitive sequence can be fair. In addition, we show that the so-called Prohuet–Thue–Morse sequence is not fair. There is, however, an algorithm that outputs a fair sequence whenever one exists. We also analyze the popular best-of-$k$ shootouts and show that no fair sequence exists in this situation. In addition, we find explicit expressions for the degree of unfairness in a best-of-$k$ shootout; this allows sports administrators to asses the effect of the length of the shootout on the degree of unfairness.
Nonstructured Treatment Interruptions Are Associated With Higher Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reservoir Size Measured by Intact Proviral DNA Assay in People Who Inject Drugs
Authors: Kirk Gregory D , Astemborski Jacqueline , Mehta Shruti H , Ritter Kristen D , Laird Gregory M , Bordi Rebeka , Sekaly Rafick , Siliciano Janet D , Siliciano Robert F
Published: October 2020

The latent reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in CD4+ T cells is a major barrier to cure. HIV-1–infected persons who inject drugs (PWID) often struggle to maintain suppression of viremia and experience nonstructured treatment interruptions (NTIs). The effects of injecting drugs or NTIs on the reservoir are unclear. Using the intact proviral DNA assay, we found no apparent effect of heroin or cocaine use on reservoir size. However, we found significantly larger reservoirs in those with frequent NTIs or a shorter interval from last detectable HIV RNA measurement. These results have important implications for inclusion of PWID in HIV-1 cure studies.