bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estrategias metodológicas y uso de recursos digitales para la enseñanza de la historia. Análisis de recuerdos y opiniones del profesorado en formación inicial
Authors: Gómez Carrasco Cosme Jesús , Chaparro Sainz Álvaro , Felices de la Fuente María del Mar , Cózar Gutiérrez Ramón
Published: August 2020

Los cambios que han acontecido en nuestra sociedad requieren de nuevas estrategias de enseñanza y de nuevas finalidades que construyan una ciudadanía con espíritu crítico y conciencia de pertenencia a un mundo amplio y multicultural. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es analizar los recuerdos del profesorado de Educación Secundaria en formación sobre la metodología didáctica utilizada en las clases de Historia, y sus opiniones sobre las estrategias más adecuadas para enseñar esta materia. La investigación se ha realizado en la especialidad de Geografía e Historia del Máster de Formación del Profesorado. Se seleccionaron cuatro grupos en las universidades de Murcia, Málaga, Castilla-La Mancha y Almería en el curso académico 2018/2019, recogiendo una muestra de 129 participantes (n=129). Los resultados muestran que no existen grandes diferencias entre universidades tanto en recuerdos como en intenciones sobre la metodología didáctica que creen que deben utilizar en la clase de Historia. Sin embargo, sí hay diferencias significativas de género: las mujeres tienen unos recuerdos más tradicionales de las clases de Historia, y están más a favor del uso de recursos digitales.Palabras clave: Formación del profesorado; Educación histórica; Metodología didáctica; Recursos digitales; Competencia digital
Evaluación de la Gestión del Conocimiento y la Satisfacción en Futuros Maestros
Authors: Ferrero de Lucas Elena , García Rodríguez Marta Soledad , Cantón Mayo Isabel
Published: August 2020

La Gestión del Conocimiento (GC) en el ámbito universitario se sitúa como un elemento estratégico clave que unido a las TIC, contribuye a la mejora de los resultados académicos. Los objetivos del artículo son analizar la GC de los estudiantes de Magisterio, conocer el grado de satisfacción con los procesos de GC y establecer posibles diferencias en función del género, la edad y el curso académico. Para recoger los datos se construyó un cuestionario (DIGECO-SAT), que incluye las cuatro grandes categorías integrantes de la GC (gestión de la información, transformación de la información en conocimiento, gestión del aprendizaje y apoyo de herramientas TIC a la gestión del conocimiento) además de la satisfacción. Los participantes fueron 398 universitarios de Grado de Maestro de Educación Primaria de seis Universidades Públicas Españolas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran un buen nivel competencial en las fases iniciales de la gestión de la información y manejo de la tecnología, media en la transformación de la información en conocimiento, y escasa en el adecuado procesamiento de la gestión del conocimiento en su nivel más elevado. La satisfacción es moderada en las competencias necesarias y alta en las competencias clave, aún sin adquirirlas plenamente.Palabras clave: gestión del conocimiento, TICs, satisfacción, formación de maestros, enseñanza superior.
La resolución de problemas basada en el método de Polya usando el pensamiento computacional y Scratch con estudiantes de Educación Secundaria
Authors: Molina Ayuso Álvaro , Adamuz Povedano Natividad , Bracho López Rafael
Published: August 2020

La inclusión de la tecnología como recurso educativo supone un nuevo escenario de trabajo en el aula que requiere de un proceso de investigación empírica para valorar su efectividad. El presente trabajo consiste en un análisis de cómo el uso del pensamiento computacional con Scratch permite abordar el desarrollo de la competencia matemática en resolución de problemas, observando la implementación del método de Polya en la resolución de problemas aritméticos. El trabajo se ha desarrollado bajo un modelo metodológico mixto, realizando un estudio de series cronológicas con medidas de pretest sustitutivas. Esta información se ha completado con un análisis cualitativo sobre la percepción del propio alumnado sobre su proceso de aprendizaje. Para llevar a cabo este trabajo, los estudiantes han realizado unas actividades diseñadas con Scratch y un proyecto para crear un videojuego basado en la resolución de problemas aritméticos. Los resultados evidencian una implementación positiva del método y un uso eficaz del recurso empleado mostrando una mejoría en la competencia en resolución de problemas y un mejor desarrollo de la competencia lingüística: se observa una importante mejoría en el proceso de lectura y comprensión del enunciado del problema, proceso fundamental para llevar a cabo la resolución de un problema.Palabras clave: Lenguajes de programación, informática educativa, resolución de problemas, Matemáticas en Educación Secundaria, pensamiento computacional.
Earthquakes Induced by Wastewater Injection, Part I: Model Development and Hindcasting
Authors: Grigoratos Iason , Rathje Ellen , Bazzurro Paolo , Savvaidis Alexandros
Published: August 2020

In the past decade, several parts of central United States, including Oklahoma, have experienced unprecedented seismicity rates, following an increase in the volumes of wastewater fluids that are being disposed underground. In this article, we present a semi-empirical model to hindcast the observed seismicity given the injection time history. Our proposed recurrence model is a modified version of the Gutenberg–Richter relation, building upon the seismogenic index model, which predicts a linear relationship between the number of induced events and the injected volume. Our methodology accounts for the effects of spatiotemporal pore-pressure diffusion, the stressing-rate dependency of the time lag between injection and seismicity rate changes, and the rapid cessation of seismicity upon unloading. We also introduced a novel multiscale regression, which enabled us to produce grid-independent results of increased spatial resolution. Although the model is generic to be applicable in any region and has essentially only two free parameters for spatial calibration, it matches the earthquake time history of Oklahoma well across various scales, for both increasing and decreasing injection rates. In the companion paper (Grigoratos, Rathje, et al., 2020), we employ the model to distinguish the disposal-induced seismicity from the expected tectonic seismicity and test its forecasting potential.
Contemporary Earthquake Hazards in the West-Northwest Himalaya: A Statistical Perspective through Natural Times
Authors: Pasari Sumanta , Sharma Yogendra
Published: August 2020

Himalayan earthquakes have deep societal and economic impact. In this article, we implement a surrogate method of nowcasting (Rundle et al., 2016) to determine the current state of seismic hazard from large earthquakes in a dozen populous cities from India and Pakistan that belong to the west-northwest part of Himalayan orogeny. For this, we (1) perform statistical inference of natural times, intersperse counts of small-magnitude events between pairs of succeeding large events, based on a set of eight probability distributions; (2) compute earthquake potential score (EPS) of 14 cities from the best-fit cumulative distribution of natural times; and (3) carry out a sensitivity testing of parameters—threshold magnitude and area of city region. Formulation of natural time (Varostos et al., 2005) based on frequency–magnitude power-law statistics essentially avoids the daunting need of seismicity declustering in hazard estimation. A retrospective analysis of natural time counts corresponding to M≥6 events for the Indian cities provides an EPS (%) as New Delhi (56), Chandigarh (86), Dehradun (83), Jammu (99), Ludhiana (89), Moradabad (84), and Shimla (87), whereas the cities in Pakistan observe an EPS (%) as Islamabad (99), Faisalabad (88), Gujranwala (99), Lahore (89), Multan (98), Peshawar (38), and Rawalpindi (99). The estimated nowcast values that range from 38% to as high as 99% lead to a rapid yet useful ranking of cities in terms of their present progression to the regional earthquake cycle of magnitude ≥6.0 events. The analysis inevitably encourages scientists and engineers from governments and industry to join hands for better policymaking toward land-use planning, insurance, and disaster preparation in the west-northwest part of active Himalayan belt.
First Optical Seismometer at the Top of La Soufrière Volcano, Guadeloupe
Authors: Feron Romain , Bernard Pascal , Feuilloy Mathieu , Ménard Philippe , Nercessian Alexandre , Deroussi Sébastien , Kitou Thierry , Plantier Guy
Published: August 2020

Accurate monitoring of volcanic activity demands expertise in fields including geophysics, geology, and geochemistry. Data obtained from the most recent technical advances are particularly vital in pre-eruptive phases. In particular, seismic monitoring in near real time is essential to locating and discriminating early signs among different sources of seismic waves, especially those related to movement and overpressure in underground fluids. Among the major indicators of volcanic restlessness are fumaroles, or gas and steam vents, often located near a volcanic summit. Their activity could be monitored by seismometers in their vicinity, but today’s standard instruments cannot last very long when exposed to the high temperatures and the billowing, sulfurous, acidic gases near a fumarole. Conventional gear may also not be accessible for emergency deployment, or repair, even in pre-eruptive phases. La Soufrière de Guadeloupe Volcano in the Caribbean typifies such challenges. Its last significant event was a phreatic (gas and steam) eruption in 1976 that prompted evacuation of the archipelago’s nearby capital. Since early 2018, the 1467-meter-high stratovolcano has shown signs of increased activity. To provide a hardy, high-resolution monitoring system, we installed a recently developed type of seismometer just 10 m from a vigorous summit fumarole. The sensor is a purely opto-mechanical geophone that is interrogated through a 1.5 km fiber-optic cable by a remote, and thus it is a much safer optic-electronic system down the volcano’s flank. The ESEO Group and the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP) started development of this novel seismometer in 2008. The 2019 Guadeloupe installation is part of the HIgh PERformance SeISmometer (HIPERSIS) project (French Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR]). It is, to our knowledge, the first high-resolution optical seismometer ever installed on an active volcano or other active, hazardous zone. We report here the details of this installation, the means we are using for measurements, and our implementation strategy, and we share some of the first results. Such an optical seismometer, as well as a variety of other geophysical sensors built on the same principle, can be installed in a wide variety of sites with fibers up to 50 km long.
Hacia una epistemología jurídica crítica: precisiones y distinciones sobre epistemología jurídica, métodos y metodología
Authors: Aguirre-Román Javier Orlando , Pabón-Mantilla Ana Patricia
Published: August 2020

Se parte de la siguiente pregunta: ¿Qué métodos, enfoques y estrategias metodológicas son pertinentes en la investigación en derecho? El artículo presenta algunas precisiones sobre las nociones de epistemología jurídica, métodos y metodologías, distinguiéndolas y estableciendo las relaciones existentes entre ellas. Los resultados se establecen con base en los hallazgos de la revisión de fuentes documentales, donde el objetivo general fue determinar el estado de la discusión sobre métodos y metodologías aplicables al derecho. Del resumen analítico de las distintas fuentes se tomaron los elementos que permitieron describir las variadas posturas existentes sobre el problema, para finalmente defender la hipótesis sobre la necesidad de una epistemología jurídica crítica. Se concluye que una noción de epistemología jurídica parte de la consideración de que el derecho es una ciencia, con un objeto de estudio propio, que recoge las metodologías propuestas por las ciencias sociales y que, aunque las investigaciones que se realizan en derecho van desde la validez hasta la eficacia, una investigación con pertinencia para estos tiempos requiere incluir la mirada certera de una epistemología jurídica crítica.
Pengetahuan ibu tentang tumbuh kembang berhubungan dengan perkembangan anak usia 1-3 tahun
Authors: Syahailatua Jufia , Kartini Kartini
Published: August 2020

LATAR BELAKANGSaat ini keterlambatan perkembangan masih menjadi masalah serius di negara maju maupun negara berkembang. Profil kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2016, mengemukakan sekitar 56.4% anak usia di bawah lima tahun di Indonesia mengalami gangguan tumbuh kembang. Apabila deteksi tumbuh kembang terlambat, maka dapat mengakibatkan penyimpangan pada anak yang sukar diperbaiki. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan perkembangan anak adalah pengetahuan orang tua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu tentang tumbuh kembang dengan perkembangan anak usia 1-3 tahun.

METODEPenelitian ini merupakan studi analitik observasional dengan desain potong zlintang. Perhitungan besar sampel studi menggunakan rumus potong lintang. Sampel dipilih secara consecutive non-random sampling yang mengikutsertakan 367 responden di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Waena, Jayapura Papua, yang dilakukan pada bulan April sampai Juni 2019. Variabel yang diteliti adalah pengetahuan ibu tentang tumbuh kembang dan perkembangan pada anak usia 1-3 tahun. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara mengunakan kuesioner pengetahuan tumbuh kembang dan kuesinoner pra skrining perkembangan (KPSP). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square dengan tingkat kemaknaan 0.05.

HASILHasil penelitian didapatkan 83.7% ibu berpengetahuan baik dengan perkembangan anak sesuai usia. Sebanyak 83.7% ibu berpendidikan tinggi memiliki anak dengan perkembangan sesuai usia. Uji Chi-square menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan dan pendidikan ibu dengan perkembangan anak usia 1-3 tahun (p< 0.05).

KESIMPULANPengetahuan dan pendidikan ibu tentang tumbuh kembang berhubungan dengan perkembangan anak usia 1-3 tahun.
Coffee, will it be Healthy Choice
Authors: Shanmugam Supriya
Published: August 2020

Good health and well-being are essential for all humans and depend upon good nutrition. Since the beginning of humanity, plant foods have been used to promote health and prevent disease. Coffee has been exalted by people of different nations not only because of its distinctive aroma and taste but also due to its stimulating and health promoting effects. But its effect on the human health has been ignored by the people. This article enlightens the basic bioactive components, harmful components present in coffee and the risk associated with the consumption of coffee and also health benefits associated with the consumption of coffee. Despite the risk associated with coffee consumption outweigh consumer’s health benefits we should find alternative for coffee such as our traditional health drinks, ragi malt, gruel/porridge prepared from millets and nuts to lead a healthy life.
Prevalence of cognitive impairment and depression among elderly population in urban Chitradurga
Authors: Kathari Bhagyashree , A M Amrutha , Gowda M R Nagendra
Published: August 2020

Population aging is an emerging issue of developed as well as developing countries. Cognitive impairment (CI) is defined as “confusion or memory loss that is happening more often or is getting worse during the past 12 months”. Depression is a mental state disorder characterized by persistent depressed mood or loss of interests in activities causing significant impairment in daily life. Regular physical activities, control of blood sugar and cholesterol can reduce the risk of both cognition and depression. Thus the objectives of the study were to find the prevalence of cognitive impairment and depression among elderly and to detect association between cognitive impairment and depression among elderly in urban filed practice area of Chitradurga.

This cross sectional study was carried out in urban areas of Chitradurga, from February to April 2019.The study participants were geriatric age population with age more than or equal to 60 completed years. A sample size of 280 was obtained with sample prevalence being 58.9% and margin of error 10%. Data was collected using standardized pre-tested structured questionnaire, which included socio-demographic variables, mini mental state examination (MMSE) scale to detect cognitive impairment and geriatric depression scale (GDS) short version to identify depression. Data was entered & analyzed using SPSS 20. Chi- Square test was used. P value <0.05 was considered significant.

The prevalence of cognitive impairment and depression in the elderly was noted to be 33.6% and 60% respectively. Factors showing significant association with MMSE score included older age group, male gender, single/widowed status, and elderly belonging to lower socioeconomic status, joint family and illiteracy. The association between cognitive impairment and depression was found to be statistically significant with a p value of <0.001.

There is an association between cognitive impairment and depression. Therefore it is essential to screen elderly for depression scale while assessing cognitive impairment.
Research on Measurement Method of High Temperature Slag Flow Rate Based on Image Identification
Authors: Wang Chong , Wang Hong , Zhu Xun , He Xianyan , Tan TYu , Ding Bin , Ding Yudong
Published: August 2020

A method for the measurements of the flow rate of high temperature molten slag using image identification was proposed. Image of molten slag could be acquired by high-speed camera. The flow rate of molten slag was calculated by the diameter, which was obtained by the edge detection, and the velocity of the feature points obtaining by threshold segmentation. Feature points could be found on the liquid column of molten slag by photo graphing, which showed that the method is feasible. Then glycerite was used to study the influences of different shooting parameters on the measurement accuracy. The effects of exposure time, frame rate and focal length on measurement accuracy were obtained. At the same time, it was found that the selection of location and length of feature region would also have a significant impact on the measurement accuracy.

 
АНОМИЯ: ОСНОВНЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ
Authors: Кузьменков В.А.
Published: August 2020

Состояние потери нравственных ориентиров, ценностей и норм в обществе обозначают понятием аномия. В отечественной науке существует недостаток теоретического рассмотрения аномии, её ограниченность взглядами Э. Дюркгейма и Р. Мертона. При этом в науке сложился ряд подходов, существенно расширяющих возможности изучения аномии. Рассмотрены основные теории аномии, сложившиеся в социально-гуманитарных науках. Автором предпринята попытка систематизировать подходы к аномии. Выделены шесть групп теорий: структурно-функциональная, социокультурная, коммуникативно-информационная, криминологическая, психологическая и менеджериальная. Перечислены главные представители каждой группы и дана краткая характеристика их взглядов, также определён методологический потенциал основных подходов. Отмечено наличие противоречия между структурно-функциональной и герменевтической парадигмами: согласно первой точке зрения, аномия зарождается на уровне макросоциальных отношений и процессов, согласно второй – на уровне индивидуального сознания. Разрушение данного противоречия может быть направлением дальнейшего развития теории аномии.
ОТНОШЕНИЕ РАЗНЫХ ПОКОЛЕНИЙ РОССИЯН К ГОСУДАРСТВУ (СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ)
Authors: Лебедева Л.Г.
Published: August 2020

Гармоничность отношений и взаимопонимание между разными поколениями предполагают до-статочно высокую меру общности основных социальных ценностей, среди которых и государство, чьи интересы сограждане воспринимают как свои. Несмотря на многочисленные исследования взаимоотношений граждан и государства, эта проблема остается недостаточно изученной, в част-ности в поколенческом аспекте. Каково же реальное отношение россиян к государству? Интересы какого государства готовы отстаивать россияне разных поколений? Согласно данным проведенно-го автором социологического опроса готовность отстаивать интересы своего государства в боль-шей мере признают представители младших возрастно-поколенческих групп («от 18 до 29 лет» и «от 30 до 44 лет»); в средней степени – представители группы «50 лет и старше» и в наименьшей степени – представители группы «от 45 до 49 лет». Наибольшую готовность отстаивать интересы своего государства проявляют те, кто считает, что России нужны «правовое государство, демокра-тия» и «социальное государство, социальная защищённость». Наиболее последовательны в пози-ции «меня не касается» те, кто считает, что России нужны «либеральное государство, свобода рынка, свобода самовыражения». В последние годы в России практически застопорился рост эко-номики и благосостояния большинства населения, что обострило тягу масс к социальной защи-щённости. Таким образом, необходима более полная реализация на практике принципов социаль-ного государства. Соответственно, необходимо дальнейшее научное исследование основных направлений и механизмов эффективной реализации этих принципов.
АУДИОВИЗУАЛЬНАЯ СРЕДА ГОРОДОВ ЮЖНОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА КАК ПРОСТРАНСТВО РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ СМЫСЛОВ КУЛЬТУРЫ
Authors: Штомпель Л.А. , Штомпель О.М.
Published: August 2020

Осознание и переоткрытие роли культуры в регулировании всех областей общественной жизни, начавшееся в 90-х годах прошедшего столетия, обусловило необходимость изучения тех значений, которые люди придают отдельным аспектам окружающего их мира. В условиях современной ур-банизации необходимо понимание тех смыслов и ценностей культуры, с которыми связываются в сознании горожан отдельные элементы городской среды и вся городская среда в целом. Мульти-сенсорный характер городской среды и её содержательно-ценностное наполнение в городах Юж-ного федерального округа ещё не становились предметом специального анализа. В связи с этим авторами представлены результаты социологического исследования городов Южного федерального округа, проведённого с целью определения степени репрезентации смыслов и ценностей культуры в аудиовизуальной городской среде. Выявлено, что ценность города в первую очередь определяется не его эстетическим уровнем и уютом, а теми человеческими связями, кото-рые в нём установлены, а также возможностями, которые он предоставляет для работы или отды-ха. Подтверждена отрицательная оценка аудиовизуальной среды городов в депрессивных субъек-тах Южного федерального округа. Зафиксированы засоренность аудиальной среды южно-российских городов ненормативной лексикой (за исключением Калмыкии), снижение ценности грамотной литературной речи и высокий уровень шума. Результаты исследования открывают пер-спективу всестороннего изучения влияния городской среды на культуру горожан и могут быть положены в основу программ, реализующих Стратегию государственной культурной политики.
ДОБРОСОВЕСТНОСТЬ В ГРАЖДАНСКОМ ПРАВЕ
Authors: Брисов Ю.В.
Published: August 2020

Отсылки к добросовестности содержатся в большом количестве статей Гражданского кодекса Российской Федерации и специальных законах. Однако из анализа положений гражданского законодательства и правоприменительной практики следует вывод о том, что в каждом отдельном случае термин «добросовестность» следует понимать по-разному. Для того, чтобы разобраться в специфике и множественности проявлений добросовестности, следует изучить ее в историческом развитии и сравнительно-правовом контексте. Изучение добросовестности в динамике позволяет выработать адекватные способы правоприменения добросовестности как системы.
Методология науки и прикладной аналитики: параметр полноты охвата и полноты учёта определяющих факторов в исследовании
Authors: Понкин И.В.
Published: August 2020

Проанализированы значение, содержание и особенности такого параметра качества научного исследования и прикладного аналитического исследования, как полнота. Автор показывает меру исследованности параметра полноты охвата и полноты учёта определяющих факторов – применительно к научному или прикладному аналитическому исследованию. Дан обзор представленных в научной литературе дефиниций и интерпретаций параметра полноты исследования. Показаны место исследуемого параметра в общем объёме других ключевых параметров исследования, особенности интерреляций с таковыми. Рассмотрены параметры целостности, ясности, глубины, широты. Предложен авторский концепт интерпретации и объяснения указанного параметра. Представлена авторская классификация внутренней структуры исследуемого интегрального параметра.
Стресс, самооценка здоровья и социально-психологический возраст женского персонала: организационно-культурный аспект
Authors: Леонова И.С. , Захарова Л.Н. , Леонова Е.С.
Published: August 2020

Дан анализ положения женщин на рынке труда в условиях изменений технологического уклада и действия возрастных стереотипов. Представлены результаты эмпирического исследования социально-психологического возраста женского персонала компаний с разной вовлеченностью в инновационные процессы. Показано, что социально-психологический возраст персонала зависит от специфики организационно-культурных условий и особенностей управления персоналом при внедрении инноваций. Раскрыты последствия стресса при внедрении инноваций в организационной культуре иерархически-кланового типа. Женский персонал в организационной культуре инновационных компаний поддерживает инновационный вектор развития, чувствует себя менее уставшим, более здоровым и молодым. Выявлено новое основание возрастной оценки персонала менеджерами – ценностная готовность к принятию инноваций.
Визуальное восприятие искусства как первый шаг в познании культурно-мировоззренческой основы цивилизации
Authors: Лопин Р.А.
Published: August 2020

Актуализированы проблемы бережного отношения к визуально-художественным образам традиционной культуры, которые неразрывны с духовными основами формирования культурно-цивилизационного пространства. Показано, как человек в культурно-цивилизационном пространстве соединяется с окружающими его предметами материальной культуры не только по принципу определения их утилитарных качеств, но и в естественном чувстве гармонии и красоты окружающего мира, выражающего духовные идеалы культуры. Они являются фактором выражения и формирования мировоззренческих основ человека, ей принадлежащего, от которых напрямую зависят положения, принятые для руководства в его жизни, его убеждения: социальные, политические, религиозные и др. Данный фактор исторически свойственен процессу культурной идентификации человека и присущ любой цивилизации.
Конституционно-правовые ограничения свободы мысли и слова в интернете: опыт правоприменения
Authors: Аристов Е.В. , Ларионова М.А.
Published: August 2020

Рассмотрен вопрос соблюдения конституционно-правового баланса между свободой мысли и слова и допустимыми пределами его использования в сети интернет. Анализу подвергнуты ряд судебных актов, рассматривающие вопросы защиты прав и свобод в сети интернет. Выделены дополнительные принципы конституционно-правовых ограничений, свободного распространения информации в интернете, не указанные напрямую в Конституции РФ, но вытекающие из ее смысла. Авторы рассмотрели основные сферы нарушения прав и свобод посредством использования права на свободу мысли слова.
К вопросу о содержательных аспектах киберпреступности
Authors: Долженко Н.И. , Хмелевская И.Г.
Published: August 2020

Рассматрены понятия «киберпреступность» и «киберпреступление», базисной составляющей которых выступает киберпространство как особая сфера деятельности в информационном пространстве. Возникновение данных понятий обусловлено глобальной компьютеризацией общества, которая и определяет непрекращающуюся модернизацию информационных технологий и появление новых видов преступлений, совершаемых с помощью киберпространства. Однако в настоящее время как в рамках международных актов, так и в отечественном законодательстве отсутствуют общепринятые дефиниции указанных понятий наряду с отсутствием единого подхода к определению их содержательного аспекта. Кроме того, не существует единого мнения и относительно перечня киберпреступлений. В связи с чем возникает необходимость в детальной проработке национального законодательства и международных актов, которые предусматривают ответственность за совершение киберпреступлений.
Цели льготных правовых режимов
Authors: Подольский А.В.
Published: August 2020

Изучение льготных правовых режимов как разновидности специальных правовых режимов следует начинать с определения целей их установления. Понятие «льготный правовой режим» мало исследовано и подвергалось анализу только в работах, посвященных правому режиму в целом. Главным функциональным назначением льготных правовых режимов является облегчение правового положения субъектов. На основании этого автором определены цели установления льготных правовых режимов. Обоснована точка зрения, что поскольку они создают условия интенсификации осуществления субъектам права своих прав, одной из целей льготных правовых режимов является реализация принципа социальной справедливости. В качестве другой их цели, которая также достигается через облегчение правового положения, видится стимулирование значимой для общества и государства позитивной активности. В подтверждение данной точки зрения приведены примеры льготных правовых режимов, в рамках которых достигаются обозначенные цели. Результаты исследования открывают новое теоретическое направление в исследовании проблем льготных правовых режимов и их отраслевого использования.
An overview on informational masking
Authors: Amiri Marzieh , Jarollahi Farnoush
Published: August 2020

Background and Aim: In noisy environments, two types of masking including energetic mask­ing (EM) and informational masking (IM) occur. EM results from the spectral overlap of the target and maskers on the basilar membrane, while IM occurs at higher level. This paper aimed to rev­iew the concept of IM in terms of historical perspective and definitions, the important cues for releasing from it, age-related effects and its neural basis.
Recent Findings: The data from psychoacoustic, behavioral, and neuro-imaging studies were revi­ewed and discussed in order to provide an overall image of IM. According to these studies, it seems that perceptual segregation between the target and maskers is the most important cues for relea­sing from IM. This process takes place simply and without any effort in adults with normal hearing; however, it does not occur easily in chil­dren, elderly people and those with impaired hearing. Moreover, it seems that both top-down and bottom-up processing are involved in IM for­mation.
Conclusion: Since IM leads to failure in selec­tion of auditory objects and prevents the indivi­dual from auditory scene analysis, understanding the IM concept leads to a better knowledge of speech perception in noise.
Keywords: Informational masking; perceptual masking; energetic masking
Dosimetry of Bone-Seeking Radiopharmaceuticals for Palliative Therapy of Bone Metastases: A Simulation Study Using GATE Monte Carlo Code
Authors: Dalvand Saman , Rajabi Hossein , Omidi Ameneh , Malekzadeh Etesam
Published: August 2020

Purpose: Radiopharmaceutical Therapy (RPT) is one of the effective methods for pain palliation of bone metastases. Bone marrow is a critical organ in bone structure whose absorbed dose should be kept below a certain threshold. The purpose of this study was to calculate and compare absorbed doses of bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals used in the palliative treatment of bone metastases.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the GATE Monte Carlo code was used to simulate a femur bone, which consists of bone marrow, endosteal layer, bone, and soft tissue phantom model. Absorbed doses of the 153Sm-EDTMP, 89SrCl2, 177Lu-EDTMP, 188Re-HEDP, and 223RaCl2 radiopharmaceuticals were calculated in the femur phantom compartments.
Results: bone absorbed doses per disintegration from alpha particles of 223RaCl2 is approximately 24 times higher than absorbed doses from beta particles of 89SrCl2. Also, absorbed dose per disintegration from beta particles of 89SrCl2 in the bone is approximately 12, 6 and 1.5 times higher than 177Lu-EDTMP, 153Sm-EDTMP, and 188Re-HEDP, respectively. Moreover, the bone and bone marrow absorbed dose from beta particles of 153Sm-EDTMP is 1.9 times higher than 177Lu-EDTMP. Besides, absorbed dose per disintegration from beta particles of 188Re-HEDP in the bone marrow is approximately 40, 30, 7, and 4 times higher than 223RaCl2, 89SrCl2, 177Lu-EDTMP and 153Sm-EDTMP, respectively.
Conclusion: Our results show that 223RaCl2 could be a more efficient radiopharmaceutical for radionuclide therapy of bone metastases. Also, 177Lu-EDTMP, due to low marrow toxicity and comparable bone absorbed dose with 153Sm-EDTMP, can be used for achieving bone pain palliation. Moreover, significantly high bone marrow absorbed dose of 188Re-HEDP should be considered for palliative therapy of metastatic bone patients.
Review on Recent Developments in Collimators of Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Imaging
Authors: Darkhor Parvaneh , Pirayesh Islamian Jalil
Published: August 2020

In Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), collimator selection, optimization, and also geometric calibration have a major impact on the acquired image quality and also on an accurate detectability and diagnosis. The collimator optimization phenomena consider some parameters such as field of view, resolution, sensitivity, resolution at depth, septal thickness and penetration for a specific application task. While the parallel hole collimator is usually used in SPECT and planar imaging but due to the limited solid angle covered by the collimator, the system sensitivity and resolution were highly reduced. Meanwhile, other types of collimators such as pin-hole, multi-pin-hole, slant and slit-slat collimators were introduced with a trade-off between sensitivity and resolution. This article reviews improvements on collimators also by considering the geometry and geometric calibration methods for improving the image quality in single photon emission computed tomography.
Attitudes to the disease and therapy in patients with chronic Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms: results of the physician and patient surveys in Russia as a part of International Landmark Study
Authors: Morozova Elena V. , Barabanshchikova Maria V. , Ionova Tatyana I. , Afanasyev Boris V.
Published: August 2020

The aim of this paper was to present evaluation and synthesis of data derived from a survey of Russian patients and physicians, performed as a part of the international Landmark study for the emerging market countries designed to specify problems and areas of concern in management of patients with chronic Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). The online survey forms were filled by 40 adult patients with Ph(-) MPNs (PV, 42.5%; MF, 37.5%; ET, 20%) and 30 physicians with sufficient experience in the Ph(-) MPNs treatment. As a part of this survey, patients and physicians answered questions related to perception of the disease symptoms and their impact on quality of life, daily activities and work productivity of patients, as well as their attitude to main treatment goals and various aspects of the patient-physician communication. The results revealed a number of differences between patient and physician perception of the disease and treatment, thus complementing the data of the Landmark Survey in other countries. It was shown that the patients with different variants of Ph(-) MPNs encounter sufficient disease-related difficulties in everyday life, impaired quality of life and reduced work productivity. Lack of coincidence revealed between the physician and patient assessment of the disease burden and treatment indicates the need for new ways of improving quality of clinical care provided to this category of patients. Further research in this area would be an important step towards implementation
Examining Spatial Efficiency of Cities Using Fractal Dimension
Authors: Erdogan Gizem
Published: August 2020

The dynamic structure of the urban changes and the specification of the parameters affecting this process facilitate the perception, designing and description of the space. The aim of this study is to discuss the urban growth phenomenon based on sustainability principle and the urban macroforms, shaped as the spatial reflection of this phenomenon. The study aims at developing a method suggestion for urban space analysis under the frame of the determined acceptances and limitations to be able to attain these purposes. In this sense, 29 randomly chosen cities are defined as samples fractal sizes are measured. The comparable parameters groups, which are considered to affect the space-filling efficiency of the urban macroforms is formed and whether there is a reasonable relation between fractal dimension value, which is admitted to be the criterion of space-filling efficiency through multiple direct regression analysis. The study is considered to contribute, accompanied by urban macroform parameters which are shaped as urban growth phenomenon and spatial reflection of that phenomenon, over the organization of the space and leading the development. Furthermore, fractal parameter considered that a new method approach based on the space-filling efficiency presented will have a leading role in the future for urban planning.
Reverse Docking, Molecular Docking, Absorption, Distribution, and Toxicity Prediction of Artemisinin as an Anti-diabetic Candidate
Authors: Ruswanto Ruswanto , Mardianingrum Richa , Siswandono Siswandono , Kesuma Dini
Published: August 2020

Aldose reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes one of the steps in the sorbitol (polyol) pathway that is responsible for fructose formation from glucose. In diabetes, aldose reductase activity increases as the glucose concentration increases. The purpose of this research was to identify and develop the use of artemisinin as an anti-diabetic candidate through in silico studies, including reverse docking, receptor analysis, molecular docking, drug scan, absorption, and distributions and toxicity prediction of artemisinin. Based on the results, we conclude that artemisinin can be used as an anti-diabetic candidate through inhibition of aldose reductase
Analysis of Solid-State Interactions of Ketoprofen-Coformer Binary Mixtures by DSC and Hot Stage Microscopy
Authors: Wicaksono Yudi , Setyawan Dwi , Siswandono Siswandono
Published: August 2020

Ketoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with poor water solubility, so the absorption is less than optimal. One method to improve the solubility of ketoprofen is through the formation of multicomponent solid forms. The success of the formation of the multicomponent solid forms is strongly influenced by interactions between components in their solids. In this study, the analysis of the interactions in solid form of ketoprofen-coformers was carried out using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and hot stage microscopy (HSM) with adipic acid and isonicotinamide as coformers. From the experimental results, the mixtures of ketoprofen-adipic acid show a solid-liquid phase diagram that indicates a simple eutectic system with eutectic points on the molar fraction of ketoprofen 0.9 and temperature at 92.9 °C. The ketoprofen-isonicotinamide mixtures have a eutectic system with the peritectic point. The solid-liquid phase diagram has indicated that the ketoprofen-adipic acid in eutectic composition forms a miscible liquid phase without interaction in its solid form, whereas the ketoprofen-isonicotinamide forms a miscible liquid phase accompanied by interaction with the excess component. The results of the HSM analysis showed the same phenomenon as the result of the DSC experiment and have confirmed with the FTIR analysis
Frontmatter (Front Cover, Editorial Team, Preface and Table of Contents)
Authors: Fatoni Amin
Published: August 2020

Frontmatter (Front Cover, Editorial Team, Preface and Table of Contents) of the print version
Backmatter (Instruction for author and back cover)
Authors: Fatoni Amin
Published: August 2020

Backmatter (Instruction for author and back cover) of the print version
Combination Cockle Shells (Anadara granosa) and Calcite Lime to Improve Swamp Water pH for Catfish (Pangasius sp.) Culture
Authors: Jubaedah Dade , Marsi Marsi , Wijayanti Marini , Rahmani Sofiatul
Published: August 2020

Cockle shells was proven potential used as an alternative liming material. Combination of lime derived from cockle shells with calcite as common lime materials used to overcome limited quantity of cockle shells as the problem of seasonal availability of cockle shells. Besides, these materials have difference characteristics that to be expected can give better effect to pH of soil and water. This study aims to determine the best combination dose between cockle shell limes and calcite to increase the pH of water and soil, survival rate and growth of catfish (Pangasius sp.). The study used completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment of different combination of lime doses 100% calcite (P1), 100% cockle shell limes (P2), 75% calciteand 25% cockle shell limes (P3), 50% calcite and 50% cockle shell limes (P4), and 25% calcite and 75% cockle shell limes (P5), dose of lime used as much as 7,000 kg/ha CaO equivalent. The result showed that P4 was the best treatment according to data of swamp water pH was 8.13 and soil pH was 8.07 at final day (day 60), alkalinity 153.33 mg.L-1 CaCO3 equivalent, Ca 104.15 mg.L-1,100% survival rate, 11.23 cm absolute growth of length, 38.60 g absolute growth of weight and 128.38% feed efficiency.
The Effect of Potassium Diformate as Feed Additive on Immune Performances of Nilem (Osteochilus hasselti Valenciennes, 1842) Under Infection of Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Suryadi Ibnu Bangkit Bioshina , Ulfa Desty Nurul , Yustiati Ayi , Rosidah Rosidah
Published: August 2020

This research aims to determine the most effective dosage of potassium diformate additives in feed to increase the body resistance of nilem carp (Osteochilus hasselti). This research used Complete Random Design (CRD) experimental method with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment used was the addition of potassium diformate on feed (0 %, 0.1 %, 0.3 % and 0.5 %). After 28 days of treatment, nilem fingerlings were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria with a density of 108 cfu ml-1. Parameters observed were the number of leukocytes, erythrocytes, survival rate, clinical symptoms and water quality. The result showed that leukocytes and erythrocytes number were significantly different in each treatment. Meanwhile, leukocytes and erythrocytes number of nilem fingerlings in challenged test were increased and decreased due to the addition of potassium diformate and A. hydrophila infection. Clinical symptoms after challenged test were relatively similar such as haemorhagic, ulceration, exopthalmia, dropsy and abnormal swimming movements. Therefore, survival rate of nilem fingerlings with 0.3 % of potassiun diformate was the highest compared to other treatments, namely 81.67 %.
Discrimination of Acne Vulgaris with Human Scalp Hair Tissues Using FTIR-ATR Spectroscopy
Authors: Ramanujam Padmavathi , B Rajamannan , S Guasekaran , GR Ramkumar , G Sankari , S Muthu
Published: August 2020

Acne vulgaris is a chronic skin disease, which occurs due to inflammation of the hair follicles and sebum producing (sebaceous) glands of the skin called pilosebaceous unit and the anaerobic propionic acne bacterium, P.acne. Human sebum is dominantly made up of 57.5% of triglycerides and fatty acids, 26%wax esters, 12% Squalene and 4.5% Cholesterol. The increased level Androgen hormone, sebum lipid composition, P.acne over growth which induces monocytes and pro inflammatory cytokines attracts neutrophils, basophils, and T cells to the pilosebaceous unit and drive epithelial hyper proliferation i.e., Acne vulgaris. The actual biomolecular changes due to acne vulgaris disease are present in the blood, in the sebum, and in the noninvasive sample of human scalp hair follicles. The main objectives of the present study are to analyze human scalp hair follicles samples using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy to compare and discriminate the spectral signatures of acne vulgaris and healthy scalp hair tissue samples through acne biomarkers Protein, Amide I, Amide II and Squalene (LDL), using the method of internal ratio parameters. This work represents a first step in the development of the analytical tool for future drug development.
Cybersecurity in Intelligent Transportation Systems
Authors: Mecheva Teodora , Kakanakov Nikolay
Published: August 2020

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are emerging field characterized by complex data model, dynamics and strict time requirements. Ensuring cybersecurity in ITS is a complex task on which the safety and efficiency of transportation depends. The imposition of standards for a comprehensive architecture, as well as specific security standards, is one of the key steps in the evolution of ITS. The article examines the general outlines of the ITS architecture and security issues. The main focus of security approaches is: configuration and initialization of the devices during manufacturing at perception layer; anonymous authentication of nodes in VANET at network layer; defense of fog-based structures at support layer and description and standardization of the complex model of data and metadata and defense of systems, based on AI at application layer. The article oversees some conventional methods as network segmentation and cryptography that should be adapted in order to be applied in ITS cybersecurity. The focus is on innovative approaches that have been trying to find their place in ITS security strategies recently. The list of innovative approaches includes blockchain, bloom filter, fog computing, artificial intelligence, game theory, and ontologies. In conclusion, a correspondence is made between the commented methods, the problems they solve and the architectural layers in which they are applied.
Role of the Scavenger Receptor CD36 in Accelerated Diabetic Atherosclerosis
Authors: Navas Madroñal Miquel , Castelblanco Esmeralda , Camacho Mercedes , Consegal Marta , Ramirez Morros Anna , Sarrias Maria-Rosa , Perez Paulina , Alonso Nuria , Galán María , Mauricio Dídac
Published: August 2020

Diabetes mellitus entails increased atherosclerotic burden and medial arterial calcification but the precise mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Our aim was to investigate the implication of CD36 in inflammation and calcification processes orchestrated by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) under hyperglycemic and atherogenic conditions. We examined the expression of CD36, pro-inflammatory cytokines, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers and mineralization-regulating enzymes by RT-PCR in human VSMCs, cultured in medium containing normal (5 mM) or high glucose (22 mM) for 72 h with or without oxLDL (24 h). The uptake of DiI-labelled oxLDL was quantified by flow citometry and fluorimetry and calcification assays were performed in VSMC cultured in osteogenic medium and stained by alizarin red. We observed an induction in the expression of CD36, cytokines, calcification markers and ER stress markers under high glucose that was exacerbated by oxLDL. These results were confirmed in carotid plaques from subjects with diabetes versus non-diabetic subjects. Accordingly, the uptake of DiI-labelled oxLDL was increased after exposure to high glucose. Silencing of CD36 abolished the induction of CD36 and reduced the expression of calcification enzymes and mineralization of VSMC. Our results indicate that CD36 signaling is involved in hyperglycemia and oxLDL-induced vascular calcification in diabetes.