bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVS-based combat modeling for engagement-level simulation
Authors: Seo Kyung-Min , Choi Changbeom , Kim Tag Gon , Kim Jung Hoon
Published: June 2014

This paper presents a modeling method to demonstrate engagement-level military simulation which includes few combat objects, or entities. To this end, the paper, on the basis of the discrete event system specification (DEVS) formalism, centers on two ideas: (1) a combat entity’s model structure at the composition level; and (2) behavioral delineation of the entity’s elementary component. In detail, we classify the combat entity model into platform and weapon models and create six groups of the model categorized by two dimensions: three activities and two abstractions. And the elementary component in the group interprets an engagement scenario as a flow of executable tasks, which are expressed by DEVS semantics. The stated structures and semantics provide intuitive appeal, reducing the effort required to read and understand the model’s behavior. From the combat experiments, we can gain interesting experimental results regarding engagement situations employing underwater weapons and their tactical operations. Finally, we expect that this work will serve an immediate application suited to various engagement situations.
Coupling effects of steady-state heat and water vapor transfer through fabrics
Authors: Huang Jianhua , Wu Jihong , Xu Weilin
Published: June 2014

In order to measure thermal and water vapor resistance of fabrics under non-isothermal conditions, the sweating guarded hot plate was modified. A nitrogen stream was used to sweep the water vapor away. The water vapor flux across the sample was determined by detecting the relative humidity of the outgoing nitrogen stream. The water vapor resistance was then calculated first. The dry heat loss for calculating thermal resistance was obtained by subtracting the evaporative heat loss from the total heat losses. The thermal resistance was determined accordingly. The thermal and water vapor resistance values of four fabrics were determined simultaneously by this test method. The results indicated that the total and intrinsic thermal resistance values of four fabrics measured in the presence of water vapor transfer were lower than those obtained without water vapor transfer. In addition, the total and intrinsic water vapor resistance values obtained under the non-isothermal condition were higher than those under the isothermal condition.
Effect of NaCl concentrations on the photodecoloration of reactive azo-dyes and their cotton dyeings
Authors: Qu Jiangang , Chen Ruoyang , Dong Xia , He Jinxin
Published: June 2014

The color fastness of reactive cotton dyeings under simultaneous exposure to light and saline water, as well as light and perspiration, is one of the most important characteristics especially for summer-time sportswear. In order to illustrate the dual effects (i.e. favorable or adverse) of saline water on the photofading of reactive azo-dyes, the degradation mechanism and reaction kinetics of dye photodecoloration in the presence of various NaCl concentrations were investigated in simulated experiments. Experimental results indicated that the photodecoloration of dye solution was mainly attributed to the hydroxyl radical. Due to the quenching of the hydroxyl radical by the chloride ion, the dye photodecoloration rate decreased with low NaCl concentration (<10 g/L). Nevertheless, higher NaCl concentration (>50 g/L) was beneficial to produce reactive chlorine species, resulting in a significant increase of the photodecoloration rate. Moreover, reaction kinetic analysis demonstrated that the observed first-order rate constant for the photodecoloration of dye solution consistently increased with the increasing NaCl concentration.
Effects of process parameters on the properties of wet-spun solid PVDF fibers
Authors: Tascan Mevlut , Nohut Serkan
Published: June 2014

A PVDF polymer has very good strength, toughness and piezoelectric properties and is nowadays used as the film in strain sensors, mechanical actuators, energy harvesters and artificial muscles. Furthermore, PVDF polymer is used as the fiber in hollow fiber membranes for filtration applications. This article introduces the manufacturing of solid PVDF fibers by a wet spinning process and investigates the effects of the process parameters (i.e. drawing temperatures and drawing ratios on the first and second bath) on macroscopic properties (i.e. fiber linear density, fiber shape, density, porosity, strength and elongation) of solid wet-spun PVDF fibers. Increasing the drawing ratio at the first region of the wet spinning of the PVDF fiber increases the porosity. However, if the drawing is performed at the second drawing bath, the porosity of the PVDF fibers remains almost same. The slopes of the strength vs. drawing ratio and elongation vs. drawing ratio curves increase if the drawing is performed at the second drawing bath. The drawing ratio at the first bath does not affect the tensile properties of fibers, such as tensile strength and elongation. Information about the relationships between the process parameters and macro properties of PVDF fibers is very important so that PVDF fibers with the required properties can be produced with a wet spinning process by setting the correct process parameters.
Thermal resistance of polyurethane-coated knitted fabrics before and after weathering
Authors: Potočić Matković Vesna Marija , Čubrić Ivana Salopek , Skenderi Zenun
Published: June 2014

Polyurethane-coated knitted fabrics are of interest because they exhibit several positive properties, they are more stretchable, elastic and comfortable than coated woven fabrics and yet they are little studied. Information of weather durability, as well as thermal properties, is essential to ensure thermal protection for textile materials intended for outdoor use. In the presented research, a series of coated knitted fabrics for protective clothing were developed and exposed to weathering in summer and winter seasons. After three months of outdoor exposure, thermal resistance of all the tested materials decreased by 13% after the summer season and 25% after the winter season. A very good correlation of knitted fabric mass per unit area and thermal resistance of knitted fabric, coated fabric and aged coated fabric occurred. The studied materials experienced a partial degradation of the polyurethane layer, which is not related to the deterioration of the knitted substrate. The presented investigation of thermal resistance of coated fabrics and their dependence on the knitted substrate, as well as the influence of environmental conditions, allows the improvement of coated fabrics with the aim of better thermal protection.
Effect of yarn winding tension on the Wool ComfortMeter value when testing yarns
Authors: Naebe Maryam , McGregor Bruce A , Tester David
Published: June 2014

A new technique of predicting the comfort properties of single jersey knitted fabrics by using the Wool ComfortMeter to assess the corresponding yarns was previously investigated. In this study, the effect of the tension with which the yarn is wound on the Wool ComfortMeter yarn test plate was studied using 20 worsted, wool yarns comprising both one and two plies. The yarns covered a mean fiber diameter range from 13.8 to 24.3 µm. Three different levels of tension were applied to the yarn: 0 N (no applied tension); 0.245 N; and 0.735 N. The results, analyzed using multiple regression modeling, confirmed the significant effect of yarn tension on the Wool ComfortMeter value of the yarn, where yarn ply was also significant. The best predictor of the fabric Wool ComfortMeter value was using yarn winding with no applied tension. These results also showed that when the yarn Wool ComfortMeter values are available the mean fiber diameter provided little or no extra value in predicting fabric Wool ComfortMeter values. The models also detected significant effects from yarn count, yarn ply and fabric mass per unit area on fabric Wool ComfortMeter values.
Effects of ultrasonic laundering on the properties of silk fabrics
Authors: Ma Mingbo , You Lixia , Chen Lican , Zhou Wenlong
Published: June 2014

Silk fabric wrinkles or creases easily during conventional domestic machine laundering due to its poor wet resilience, leading to an undesirable fabric appearance and difficulties in daily care. In this research, ultrasonic energy was used to clean silk fabrics, aiming to improve their after-wash appearance. It was found that ultrasonic laundering performed much better in removing common stains from silk fabrics and in maintaining the fabric appearance and dimensions compared to machine laundering. Ultrasonic agitation caused a little more fading effect than that caused by mechanical agitation. After 15 laundering cycles, the K/ S value of the fabric laundered by ultrasonic agitation was only 2.7% lower than that laundered by washing machine, so the difference was not significant and could be acceptable. Ultrasonic laundering also resulted in less fiber damage to silk fabrics. The investigation indicated that the introduction of ultrasonic agitation in laundering could produce a significant benefit in the laundering of silk fabrics.
Synthesis and crosslinking dyeing on cotton fabrics of a novel hemicyanine fluorescent dye
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Yan , Qin Chuanxiang , Xing Tieling , Chen Guoqiang
Published: June 2014

A novel hemicyanine fluorescent dye, namely trans-4-[ p-( N,N-Diethyl)-amino-styryl]- N-aminoethyl pyridinium chloride (DEASPCl-N(AE)), was synthesized and characterized by using infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, elementary analysis, ultraviolet-visible and single-photon fluorescence spectra. DEASPCl-N(AE) has been employed in dyeing cotton fabrics following crosslinking dyeing procedures. The fixation rate test, dimethylformamide bleeding experiment, and color fastness test certified that DEASPCl-N(AE) was linked to the cotton fiber through covalent bonds. Cotton fabrics dyed with DEASPCl-N(AE) exhibited excellent fluorescent properties and could be used as fluorescent reddish orange clothing.
Can state law combat exclusionary zoning? Evidence from Massachusetts
Authors: Fisher Lynn M , Marantz Nicholas J
Published: June 2014

This paper empirically analyses a Massachusetts law (Chapter 40B) allowing developers of income-restricted housing to appeal local land-use decisions to a state administrative body. Based on a unique dataset, we assess whether Chapter 40B was more likely to be used by developers in municipalities that place stronger restrictions on development. We find that the use of Chapter 40B to overcome regulatory barriers depends on the type of project. For rental development, developers were more likely to use the law in municipalities that were relatively accessible to jobs and that placed relatively stringent zoning restrictions on multifamily development. The use of Chapter 40B for condominium development was more likely in larger, less well-located municipalities with relatively stringent wetlands regulations.
A Comparison of Urge Intensity and the Probability of Tic Completion During Tic Freely and Tic Suppression Conditions
Authors: Specht Matt W. , Nicotra Cassandra M. , Kelly Laura M. , Woods Douglas W. , Ricketts Emily J. , Perry-Parrish Carisa , Reynolds Elizabeth , Hankinson Jessica , Grados Marco A. , Ostrander Rick S. , Walkup John T.
Published: June 2014

Tic-suppression-based treatments (TSBTs) represent a safe and effective treatment option for Chronic Tic Disorders (CTDs). Prior research has demonstrated that treatment naive youths with CTDs have the capacity to safely and effectively suppress tics for prolonged periods. It remains unclear how tic suppression is achieved. The current study principally examines how effective suppression is achieved and preliminary correlates of the ability to suppress tics. Twelve youths, ages 10 to 17 years, with moderate-to-marked CTDs participated in an alternating sequence of tic freely and reinforced tic suppression conditions during which urge intensity and tic frequency were frequently assessed. Probability of tics occurring was half as likely following high-intensity urges during tic suppression (31%) in contrast to low-intensity urges during tic freely conditions (60%). Age was not associated with ability to suppress. Intelligence indices were associated with or trended toward greater ability to suppress tics. Attention difficulties were not associated with ability to suppress but were associated with tic severity. In contrast to our “selective suppression” hypothesis, we found participants equally capable of suppressing their tics regardless of urge intensity during reinforced tic suppression. Tic suppression was achieved with an “across-the-board” effort to resist urges. Preliminary data suggest that ability to suppress may be associated with general cognitive variables rather than age, tic severity, urge severity, and attention. Treatment naive youths appear to possess a capacity for robust tic suppression. TSBTs may bolster these capacities and/or enable their broader implementation, resulting in symptom improvement.
On the Suspended Sentences of the Scott Sisters
Authors: Pollock Anne
Published: June 2014

In December 2010, the governor of Mississippi suspended the dual life sentences of two African American sisters who had been imprisoned for sixteen years on an extraordinary condition: that Gladys Scott donate a kidney to her ailing sister Jamie Scott. The Scott Sisters’ case is a highly unusual one, yet it is a revealing site for inquiry into US biopolitics more broadly. Close attention to the conditional release and its context demands a broader frame than traditional bioethics and helps to push science and technology studies (STS) analysis of race past its conventional focus on genetics. This article draws on the Scott Sisters’ case as a site for interrogating the US context of racialized mass incarceration and kin-oriented and consumerist valorization of organ donation. Tensions between racialized exclusions, the promise of consumerist freedom, and the lack of expectations of the state are foundational to a distinctly American biological citizenship. By putting the Scott Sisters’ case into conversation with broader arguments about incarceration as a site of racialization and STS literatures of organ transplantation and of biological citizenship in diverse geographical sites, this article seeks to articulate some of the racialized contours of biopolitics in the United States.
Topic evolution based on LDA and HMM and its application in stem cell research
Authors: Wu QingQiang , Zhang CaiDong , Hong QingQi , Chen LiYan
Published: June 2014

This paper analyses topic segmentation based on the LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) model, and performs the topic segmentation and topic evolution of stem cell research literatures in PubMed from 2001 to 2012 by combining the HMM (Hidden Markov Model) and co-occurrence theory. Stem cell research topics were obtained with LDA and expert judgements made on these topics to test the feasibility of the model classification. Further, the correlation between topics was analysed. HMM was used to predict the trend evolution of topics over various years, and a time series map was used to visualize the evolutional relationships among the stem cell topics.
Primary Tracheoesophageal Puncture with Supraclavicular Artery Island Flap after Total Laryngectomy or Laryngopharyngectomy
Authors: Sethi Rosh K. V. , Kozin Elliott D. , Lam Allen C. , Emerick Kevin S. , Deschler Daniel G.
Published: June 2014

The supraclavicular artery island flap (SCAIF) is increasingly employed for laryngectomy reconstruction with excellent success. Although tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) with intraoperative prosthesis placement is also positively reported, this is not described in patients following SCAIF. We review our experience with primary TEP with prosthesis placement and voice outcomes in patients after SCAIF reconstruction. Seven patients underwent SCAIF with primary TEP after laryngectomy from 2011 to 2013. Five underwent total laryngectomy (TL) and 2 underwent TL with partial pharyngectomy. All patients had 16 French Indwelling Blom‐Singer prostheses placed intraoperatively without complications. Six patients achieved tracheoesophageal voice (median time = 1.5 months). Two patients required cricopharyngeal segment Botox injections. One patient remained aphonic. One patient developed prosthesis leakage addressed with prosthesis replacement. Our preliminary data demonstrate that similar to free tissue transfer reconstruction, primary TEP with intraoperative placement of the voice prosthesis at the time of SCAIF reconstruction is safe and effective.
Palliative care development in Latin America: An analysis using macro indicators
Authors: Pastrana Tania , Torres-Vigil Isabel , De Lima Liliana
Published: June 2014

Background:

Recently, the Latin American Association for Palliative Care developed 10 indicators to monitor the development of palliative care and enhance the development of regional and national strategies.

Aim:

To compare the status of palliative care development across Latin American nations using the Latin American Association for Palliative Care indicators and to classify the countries into three levels of palliative care development.

Methods:

A secondary analysis using the following indicators (number of indicators in each category): Policy (1), Education (3), Service Provision (3), and Opioids (3). A Latin American Association for Palliative Care Index was constructed adding the standard score ( z-score) of each indicator.

Setting/participants:

Nineteen Spanish and Portuguese-speaking countries of Latin America.

Results:

Indicators significantly associated with the number of palliative care services per million inhabitants included: the proportion of medical schools with palliative care at the undergraduate level ( p = 0.003), the number of accredited physicians working in palliative care ( p = 0.001), and opioids consumed per capita ( p = 0.032). According to the Latin American Association for Palliative Care Index, Costa Rica registered the highest score (8.1). Three ranking groups were built to measure palliative care development; Costa Rica, Chile, Mexico, and Argentina ranked in the high group, while Bolivia, Honduras, Dominican Republic, and Guatemala ranked in the lowest group.

Conclusion:

Most of the Latin American Association for Palliative Care indicators are useful for assessing national levels of palliative care development. These indicators may be applicable to other world regions. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the specificity of each indicator.
Improved Lighthill fish swimming model for bio-inspired robots: Modeling, computational aspects and experimental comparisons
Authors: Porez Mathieu , Boyer Frédéric , Ijspeert Auke Jan
Published: June 2014

The best known analytical model of swimming was originally developed by Lighthill and is known as the large amplitude elongated body theory (LAEBT). Recently, this theory has been improved and adapted to robotics through a series of studies ranging from hydrodynamic modeling to mobile multibody system dynamics. This article marks a further step towards the Lighthill theory. The LAEBT is applied to one of the best bio-inspired swimming robots yet built: the AmphiBot III, a modular anguilliform swimming robot. To that end, we apply a Newton–Euler modeling approach and focus our attention on the model of hydrodynamic forces. This model is numerically integrated in real time by using an extension of the Newton–Euler recursive forward dynamics algorithm for manipulators to a robot without a fixed base. Simulations and experiments are compared on undulatory gaits and turning maneuvers for a wide range of parameters. The discrepancies between modeling and reality do not exceed 16% for the swimming speed, while requiring only the one-time calibration of a few hydrodynamic parameters. Since the model can be numerically integrated in real time, it has significantly superior accuracy compared with computational speed ratio, and is, to the best of our knowledge, one of the most accurate models that can be used in real-time. It should provide an interesting tool for the design and control of swimming robots. The approach is presented in a self contained manner, with the concern to help the reader not familiar with fluid dynamics to get insight both into the physics of swimming and the mathematical tools that can help its modeling.
Low-bandwidth reflex-based control for lower power walking: 65 km on a single battery charge
Authors: Bhounsule Pranav A. , Cortell Jason , Grewal Anoop , Hendriksen Bram , Karssen J. G. Daniël , Paul Chandana , Ruina Andy
Published: June 2014

No legged walking robot yet approaches the high reliability and the low power usage of a walking person, even on flat ground. Here we describe a simple robot which makes small progress towards that goal. Ranger is a knee-less four-legged ‘bipedal’ robot which is energetically and computationally autonomous, except for radio controlled steering. Ranger walked 65.2 km in 186,076 steps in about 31 h without being touched by a human with a total cost of transport [TCOT ≡ P/mgv ] of 0.28, similar to human’s TCOT of ≈ 0.3. The high reliability and low energy use were achieved by: (a) development of an accurate bench-test-based simulation; (b) development of an intuitively tuned nominal trajectory based on simple locomotion models; and (c) offline design of a simple reflex-based (that is, event-driven discrete feed-forward) stabilizing controller. Further, once we replaced the intuitively tuned nominal trajectory with a trajectory found from numerical optimization, but still using event-based control, we could further reduce the TCOT to 0.19. At TCOT = 0.19, the robot’s total power of 11.5 W is used by sensors, processors and communications (45%), motor dissipation (≈34%) and positive mechanical work (≈21%). Ranger’s reliability and low energy use suggests that simplified implementation of offline trajectory optimization, stabilized by a low-bandwidth reflex-based controller, might lead to the energy-effective reliable walking of more complex robots.
Integrated perception and planning in the continuous space: A POMDP approach
Authors: Bai Haoyu , Hsu David , Lee Wee Sun
Published: June 2014

The partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) provides a principled mathematical model for integrating perception and planning, a major challenge in robotics. While there are efficient algorithms for moderately large discrete POMDPs, continuous models are often more natural for robotic tasks, and currently there are no practical algorithms that handle continuous POMDPs at an interesting scale. This paper presents an algorithm for continuous-state, continuous-observation POMDPs. We provide experimental results demonstrating its potential in robot planning and learning under uncertainty and a theoretical analysis of its performance. A direct benefit of the algorithm is to simplify model construction.
On the visual deformation servoing of compliant objects: Uncalibrated control methods and experiments
Authors: Navarro-Alarcon David , Liu Yun-hui , Romero Jose Guadalupe , Li Peng
Published: June 2014

In this paper, we address the active deformation control of compliant objects by robot manipulators. The control of deformations is needed to automate several important tasks, for example, the manipulation of soft tissues, shaping of food materials, or needle insertion. Note that in many of these applications, the object’s deformation properties are not known. To cope with this issue, in this paper we present two new visual servoing approaches to explicitly servo-control elastic deformations. The novelty of our kinematic controllers lies in its uncalibrated behavior; our adaptive methods do not require the prior identification of the object’s deformation model and the camera’s intrinsic/extrinsic parameters. This feature provides a way to automatically control deformations in a model-free manner. The experimental results that we report validate the feasibility of our controllers.
Henoch–Schönlein purpura in 535 Chinese children: clinical features and risk factors for renal involvement
Authors: Mao Youying , Yin Lei , Huang Hua , Zhou Zhengyu , Chen Tongxin , Zhou Wei
Published: June 2014

Objectives

To analyse the clinical features of Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP) with or without nephritis in Chinese children and to determine the risk factors for renal involvement.

Methods

Patient characteristics, clinical parameters and laboratory data were retrospectively analysed in patients with HSP with or without nephritis. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for renal involvement.

Results

A total of 535 patients with HSP were included in the study. HSP nephritis occurred in 267 patients (49.9%), ranging from isolated haematuria in 5.2%, mild proteinuria in 77.5%, moderate proteinuria in 6.4% and severe proteinuria in 10.9% of cases. In 90% of the cases, nephritis developed within 1 week of HSP onset; 98.5% of the cases with nephritis developed the condition within 1 month. Risk factors for the development of nephritis were age ≥6 years, purpura on sites other than the lower limbs and the presence of occult blood in the stool.

Conclusion

These results suggest that patients aged ≥6 years, or who have purpura on the upper limbs or face, or who have occult blood in the stool should be particularly monitored for signs of nephritis.
The contested and contingent outcomes of Thatcherism in the UK
Authors: Nunn Alex
Published: June 2014

The death of Margaret Thatcher in April 2013 sparked a range of discussions and debates about the significance of her period in office and the political project to which she gave her name: Thatcherism. This article argues that Thatcherism is best understood as a symbolically important part of the emergence of first-phase neoliberalism. It engages with contemporary debates about Thatcherism among Marxist commentators and suggests that several apparently divergent positions can help us now reach a more useful analysis of Thatcherism’s short- and long-term outcomes for British political economy. The outcomes identified include: an initial crisis in the neoliberal project in the UK; the transformation of the party political system to be reflective of the politics of neoliberalism, rather than its contestation; long-term attempts at the inculcation of the neoliberal individual; de-industrialisation and financial sector dependence; and a fractured and partially unconscious working class. In all long-term outcomes, the contribution of Thatcherism is best understood as partial and largely negative, in that it cleared the way for a longer-term and more constructive attempt to embed neoliberal political economy. The paper concludes by suggesting that this analysis can inform current debates on the left of British politics about how to oppose and challenge the imposition of neoliberal discipline today.
‘Communism … is the affirmation of a new community’: Notes on Jacques Camatte
Authors: el-Ojeili Chamsy
Published: June 2014

This article explores the work of the primitivist communist Jacques Camatte. Camatte emerges from the Bordigist current of Marxism, and the article begins with an examination of the major emphases in Amadeo Bordiga’s thought: the central role of the party as ‘social brain’; the critique of democracy and electoral activity; the rejection of individualism, and the insistence on the social, community-centred character of communism. This background is crucial to Camatte’s early work, but also to his later break from Bordigism and Marxism. This break occurred at the end of the 1960s, and the second part of the article follows Camatte’s primitivist writings. Here, Camatte continues to think of communism as community/Gemeinwesen, but fundamentally re-orients his thinking on class, organisation, and communist transformation, in light of an extension of his initial focus on capital’s ‘running away’, its establishment as material community. The concluding note critically draws together Camatte’s thinking and later English-language primitivist work, suggesting that despite major problems, his work remains of interest.
Factors Influencing Graft Impingement on the Wall of the Intercondylar Notch After Anatomic Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Udagawa Kazuhiko , Niki Yasuo , Enomoto Hiroyuki , Toyama Yoshiaki , Suda Yasunori
Published: June 2014

Background:

Anatomic placement of the bone tunnel reportedly reduces impingement of the graft with the intercondylar roof, but as a trade-off, the risk of impingement with the lateral wall of the intercondylar notch would increase instead in anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Purpose:

The 2 grafts for the anteromedial bundle (AMB) and posterolateral bundle (PLB) were separately analyzed for the frequency of and risk factors for graft impingement on the wall of the intercondylar notch.

Study Design:

Case control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 51 patients (53 knees) who underwent primary anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction were enrolled. Based on the graft orientation plane reconstructed with 3-dimensional imaging software, graft-wall impingement was defined as overlap between the lateral wall of the notch and the line connecting each center of the intra-articular apertures of the femoral and tibial bone tunnels. The rate of wall impingement was assessed for each bundle. Parameters for bone tunnel positioning in the femur and tibia, notch width index, and knee joint rotation angle were compared between patients with and without wall impingement. The most important risk factors for wall impingement were assessed by logistic regression analysis.

Results:

Wall impingement for the AMB was observed in 22 knees (42%), whereas no patients exhibited wall impingement for the PLB. Regarding femoral bone tunnel positioning according to the quadrant method, the AMB bone tunnel was placed significantly higher in impingement-positive patients than in impingement-negative patients ( P = .03). Regarding tibial tunnel positioning, the tunnel was placed significantly more anteriorly ( P = .02) and laterally ( P = .02) in the impingement-positive group than in the impingement-negative group. Bone tunnels positioned 48% to 50% from the medial border of the tibia demonstrated a 100% incidence of wall impingement. Based on logistic regression analysis, lateral deviation of the AMB tibial bone tunnel was significantly associated with wall impingement (odds ratio, 1.403; P = .048).

Conclusion:

The tibial bone tunnel position in the coronal orientation was most likely associated with wall impingement. Considering that tibial bone tunnels are generally created with the knee in 90° of flexion and move laterally as the knee extends because of screw-home movement, the AMB bone tunnel for the tibia should be positioned as medially as possible within its footprint to minimize the risk of wall impingement after anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction.
A Self-Categorization Theory Perspective on Adolescent Boys’ Sexual Bullying of Girls
Authors: Page Elysia , Shute Rosalyn , McLachlan Angus
Published: June 2014

This preliminary study applied Self-Categorization Theory (SCT) to the sexual bullying of high school girls by boys. Seventy-five Year 9 boys responded to vignettes portraying sexual bullying in which gender was a more or a less salient feature of the social context described. As predicted, boys were more likely to engage in sexual bullying when gender was more salient. Masculine sex role was not correlated with engagement in sexual bullying. Controlling for social desirability, pro-bullying attitude was predictive of such engagement, but only when the social context rendered gender less salient. This suggests the power of the perceived social context for determining which individual characteristics will gain expression. It is concluded that SCT is a promising avenue for advancing understanding of bullying, a field of research that has previously largely lacked a theoretical focus.
Intimate Partner Violence, Coercive Control, and Child Adjustment Problems
Authors: Jouriles Ernest N. , McDonald Renee
Published: June 2014

Coercive control is a relationship dynamic that is theorized to be key for understanding physical intimate partner violence (IPV). This research examines how coercive control in the context of physical IPV may influence child adjustment. Participants were 107 mothers and their children, aged 7 to 10 years. In each family, mothers reported the occurrence of at least one act of physical IPV in the past 6 months. Mothers reported on physical IPV and coercive control, and mothers and children reported on children’s externalizing and internalizing problems. Coercive control in the context of physical IPV related positively with both mothers’ and children’s reports of child externalizing and internalizing problems, after accounting for the frequency of physical IPV, psychological abuse, and mothers’ education. This research suggests that couple relationship dynamics underlying physical IPV are potentially important for understanding how physical IPV leads to child adjustment problems.
Domestic Violence Against Women in Kosovo
Authors: Kelmendi Kaltrina
Published: June 2014

Research on gender-based violence describes domestic violence by male partners as a major public health issue and serious human rights violation. Many studies have been conducted in Kosovo to understand the factors that contribute to violence against women. The present study aims to examine the experiences of battered women and their understanding of the violence from an ecological framework, by asking questions regarding personal, situational, and socio-cultural factors. The study is qualitative, consisting of 50 in-depth interviews with victims of domestic violence, and uses a grounded theory approach to identify main themes of the women’s experiences. Findings from the study suggest that poverty, a patriarchal culture, strictly defined gender roles, and lack of programs for reintegrating victims subordinate women and leave them susceptible to domestic violence.
Dyeing High Wet Modulus Rayon Yarns with Fiber Reactive Dyes
Authors: Cheek Lenore
Published: June 2014

Dyeing behavior of four selected high wet modulus (HWM) rayon yarns, regular viscose rayon yarn, and cotton yarn were compared. After being dyed with a variety of fiber reactive dyes, yarns of each fiber were evaluated for quantity of dye taken up by the fiber and for apparent color yield. Dye sorption was quantified through spectrophotometric analysis; color and shade evaluation were done instrumentally, using a colorimeter, as well as visually. All forms of rayon studied were found to exhaust more dye than did cotton. Dye take-up of HWM rayon yarns was similar to that o f viscose. Depth of color o f dyed cotton yarns was consistently lower than that o f any o f the rayon yarns studied. Small variations in depth of shade among HWM and viscose yarns were attributed to the presence or absence o f delustrant.
Textile Fabric Pseudomorphs, A Fossilized Form of Textile Evidence
Authors: Sibley L.R. , Jakes K.A.
Published: June 2014

An examination o f the few published reports o f the phenomenon o f textile fabric pseudomorphism reveals that textile pseudomorphs have been found on bronze and brass objects and probably on iron objects. Consideration of these reports indicates that there is inconsistency in the methodology used to identify a fabric pseudomorph and in application of the resulting information to a reconstruction of textile fabrication behavior. An evaluation of the theoretical chemical equilibria involved in the interaction of a metallic object and textile fiber system provides the following in formation: (1) a stagnant damp environment is required, (2) the metal object in contact with the textile must be buried in soil, (3) the type of soil must be conducive to slow fiber degradation and metal corrosion, and (4) the depth of the effective area ofpseudomorph formation will be the depth of the effective area of weathering of ore deposits.
Patterning of Objective and Subjective Responses to Heat Protective Clothing Systems
Authors: Laing Raechel M. , Ingham Peter E.
Published: June 2014

The criteria for selection and use of protective clothing, particularly with respect to protection from high radiant heat, are both objective and subjective. Part 1 of this study examines objective responses to clothing. Five fabrics commonly used in protective workwear were made into overalls of identical design and were evaluated by adult males in a simulated work environment. Microclimate humidity differences occurring during exercise and rest were significant with respect to subjects and times but not with respect to overalls. There was, however, a significant overall/time interaction. Skin temperature differences occurring during exercise and rest were significant only with respect to time and regions of the body. Thus, despite physical differences in the five overalls, particularly mass, statistically significant objective data allowing discrimination among overalls was not demonstrated.
Apparel Advertising: A Study in Consumer Attitude Change
Authors: Sternquist Witter Brenda , Noel Charles
Published: June 2014

Advertisements for apparel products frequently feature hyperboles to convince consumers that a product is superior to other similar brand offerings. The objective of this study was to investigate what type of advertising information was believable enough to produce a change in consumer's attitudes. Two attitude models developed by Fishbein were used to assess consumers' attitudes. The original Fishbein model is based on the consumer's perception of actual product attributes provided by a brand. The extended Fishbein model includes the information used in the original Fishbein model in addition to a reference group factor. Two product groups, ladies' footwear and pantyhose, were used in this study because they are areas where product superiority claims have been made without substantiation. Female high school students were assigned to a pretest-posttest control group design. Advertisements for eight brands were used as the experimental treatment. Results from the study indicate that advertisements for five of the eight brands were believable enough to produce a significant change in attitude.
Test Method Standardization A Dilemma
Authors: Brenner F. Cecil
Published: June 2014

Standardization of test methods does not always result in the ability to duplicate data in various laboratories. The author describes the efforts made to reduce variability among a group of laboratories for an apparently simple test. A considerable effort and expenditure of money did not produce the desired result. The author concluded that the variability arises from differences in operator handling of samples which are not describable or recognized. He suggests that the solution may be in establishing a training course for all technicians or by the development of standard samples and the use of correction factors for each laboratory to adjust their results to that of the industry average.
Reference Person Influence on Career Women's Dress
Authors: Rabolt Nancy J. , Drake Mary Frances
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of situational and personality characteristics on the acceptance of normative and informational influence by career women from reference persons on their career dress. Questionnaires were returned by 588 career women. Factor analysis reduced the dependent variable data to four influence factors. Regression analyses were performed on eight situational and personality characteristics as the independent variables with each of the four influence factors. Demographic variables also were investigated.' Findings indicated career women accepted more influence when they felt clothing was important, were anxious in their careers, felt there was an expected dress code in their workplace, had worked a short time in their career, were less confident in dressing professionally, and were high self-monitors. Also, they were younger, had no children, had higher incomes, and spent more on their wardrobes than those who accepted less influence on their career dress.
Patterning of Objective and Subjective Responses to Heat Protective Clothing Systems Part 2 Subjective Measurements of Comfort
Authors: Laing Raechel M. , Ingham P.E.
Published: June 2014

The criteria for selection and use of protective clothing, particularly with respect to protection from high radiant heat, are both objective and subjective. Part 2 of this study examines subjective responses to clothing. Five fabrics commonly used in protective workwear were made into overalls of identical design and evaluated by adult males in a simulated work environment. Subjective evaluations of humidity sensation in the leg microclimate at set times during the exercise/rest protocol did not differ significantly with respect to the five overalls and differed significantly among subjects only after the full exercise period had elapsed. High positive correlations were found between subjective humidity sensations and objective measurements. Subjective thermal sensations taken at three different body regions did not enable discrimination among overalls. Subjects tended to rank garments similarly. Subjective thermal sensations did not pattern objective thermal data; thus when measuring two parameters (humidity and thermal responses) subjectively and objectively, discrimination among overalls was not possible.
International Trade in Textiles and Clothing: Implications for the Future
Authors: Nordquist Barbara K.
Published: June 2014

For over ten years the United States has tried through multilateral and bilateral agreements to resolve the problems of trade in textiles and apparel with developing nations. Through first the Long Term Arrangement Regarding Trade in Cotton Textiles (LTA) and then the Multi Fiber Arrangement (MFA) and many bilateral arrangements, almost constant negotiation has occurred. The Committee for the Implementation of Textile Agreements (CITA) supervises compliance with all textile agreements with adaice from industry, labor and importers and retailers groups. Embargoes of goods, pleadings before the Textile Surveillance Board in Geneva, and complaints filed with the International Trade Commision (ITC) are all a part of the textiles trade in practice. When non-MFA signatories are large textiles exporters, further legal and diplomatic complications arise. The final balance of consumer versus producer interests, foreign jobs versus U.S. jobs, and support for U.S. foreign policy versus support for U.S. workers is a precarious one.
Meanings of Clothing Cues in Social Context
Authors: Damhorst Mary Lynn
Published: June 2014

This study was an investigation of the effect of interpersonal context—similarities and contrasts in apparel worn by two interacting persons-upon person and relationship perception. Male and female employees of private businesses (N=64) describd what they thought was happening in four different pictures of office settings inwhich a male and female stimulus person each wore formal or informal business apparel. Verbal responses were categorized according to a system tailor-made to classify content of the descriptions. Analysis of variance of content distributions indicated that men and women wearing suuits were more often assigned management roles than were persons in casual attire. Contrasts in formal versus casual clothing were also meaningful in that 1) male and female persons wearing suits more often were described as higher in rank when their adjacent companion wore casual clothing; 2) men in suits wee described as giving more directive, rewarding, or punishing communications to women in casual dress; 3) men wearing suits were described as having more positive feelings when pictured with a casually dressed woman; 4) male persons were assigned more "activity" traits when pictured with a formally dressed woman; 5) dyads in which the man wore a suit and the woman wore casual clothing received more descriptions of involvement in personal versus business mattes. Clothing shown in the context of social interaction provided a much broader range of information than previously studied in dress perception research.
Aesthetic, Function, and Fashion Consumer Values: Relationships to Other Values and Demographics
Authors: Morganosky Michelle A.
Published: June 2014

Aesthetic, function, and fashion consumer values are investigated in relationship to other values and demographic variables. Findings suggest that fashion oriented consumers tend to value quantity over quality, buy from "want" rather than "need, " value disposability over recycling, or not return garments to a store and complain when dissatisfied. Consumers that value functionality are also more likely to value cost over convenience, need over want, and recycling over disposability. Consumers that value aesthetics were also found to value want over need, and disposability over recycling. With the exception of household income, differences based on demographic variables were notfound. It was concluded that results from the study could assist apparel marketers in product planning.
Sex-role Differences in Appropriate Multiple-role Attire
Authors: Blouin David , Belleau Bonnie , Kelley Eleanor , Romaine Robbie , Jungeilges Jochen , Thomas Karen
Published: June 2014

As an individual interacts in a number of roles with contradictory expectations, role strain may occur. Appearance may assistfunctioning in multiple sex-roles. Students (n=1113) in introductory Psychology classes viewed slides of a hypothetical dual-career couple and made Likert-type ratings of their attire, for six situations. Four treatments, established by varying information presented with the slides, were subjected to nonparametric univariate and multivariate analyses. Hypothesis I, differences in appearance evaluations will not occur as a function of sex of individuals in diverse settings, was rejected. Hypothesis II, differences in appearance evaluations will not occur as a function of sex of evaluator, was (1) essentially accepted when treatments were pooled and evaluations were of stimulus figures of the same sex as evaluator, (2) rejected when treatments were separated, and (3) rejected when evaluations were of stimulus figures of the opposite sex as evaluator with treatments pooled and separated The findings suggest that appearance and situation interact, but how they interact differs according to sex of actor and sex of evaluator.
Three-Dimensional Pattern Drafting
Authors: Heisey Francesann L. , Brown Peter , Johnson Robert F.
Published: June 2014

Drafting systems currently in use do not adequately model the physical process of fitting a garment. A theoretical frame work for draftingindividually fitted patterns based upon modeling the physical process of fitting a garment by draping is presented. The present state-of-the-art and existing theoretical frameworks are reviewed. The idea is developed that mapping, or projection procedures, in the mathematical sense of the terms can be used to model the process of fitting a garment. Approaches to identifying functional relationships for each part of the framework are suggested.
Clothing and Textiles Curriculum Content Needed for Success in Fashion Marketing Careers
Authors: Garner Myrna B. , Buckley Hilda M.
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify the content of clothing and textiles curricula in home economics programs at the baccalaureate level and then to ascertain which elements of that content were perceived as important to job performance in the occupational field of Fashion Marketing, with emphasis on retail merchandising. The analysis of the responses of 416 apparel retailers (employers), ACPTC members (educators), and clothing and textiles degree recipients (graduates) to a mail survey provided strong rationalefor recommendations regarding which content elements should be included in the required core of Fashion Marketing programs and which elements would be likely candidates for de-emphasis or deletion from program requirements when there are time constraints.