bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental and seed‐position effects on viability and germination of buried seeds of an invasive diaspore‐heteromorphic annual grass
Authors: Wang Ai Bo , Baskin Carol C. , Baskin Jerry M. , Ding Jianqing
Published: May 2024

Environmental factors, such as temperature and moisture, and plant factors, such as seed position on the mother plant, can affect seed viability and germination. However, little is known about the viability and germination of seeds in different positions on the mother plant after burial in soil under natural environmental conditions. Here, diaspores from three positions on a compound spike and seeds from two/three positions in a diaspore of the invasive diaspore‐heteromorphic annual grass Aegilops tauschii were buried at four depths for more than 2 years (1–26 months) under natural conditions and viability and germination monitored monthly. Viability of seeds in each diaspore/seed position decreased as burial depth and duration increased and was associated with changes in soil temperature and moisture. Germination was highest at 2 cm and lowest at 10 cm soil depths, with peaks and valleys in autumn/spring and winter/summer, respectively. Overall, seeds in distal diaspore and distal seed positions had higher germination percentages than those in basal diaspore and basal seed positions, but basal ones lived longer than distal ones. Chemical content of fresh diaspores/seeds was related to diaspore/seed position effects on seed germination and viability during burial. We conclude that seeds in distal diaspores/seed positions have a ‘high risk’ strategy and those in basal positions a ‘low risk’ strategy. The two risk strategies may act as a bet‐hedging strategy that spreads risks of germination failure in the soil seed bank over time, thereby facilitating the survival and invasiveness of A. tauschii.
Potassium deficiency enhances imbalances in rice water relations under water deficit by decreasing leaf hydraulic conductance
Authors: Yang Cheng , Lu Jianwei , Xiong Zhihao , Wang Bin , Ren Tao , Cong Rihuan , Lu Zhifeng , Li Xiaokun
Published: May 2024

Potassium (K+) is an essential macronutrient for appropriate plant development and physiology. However, little is known about the mechanisms involved in the regulation of leaf water relations by K under water deficit. A pot experiment with two K supplies of 0.45 and 0 g K2O per pot (3 kg soil per pot) and two watering conditions (well‐watered and water‐deficit) was conducted to explore the effects of K deficiency on canopy transpiration characteristics, leaf water status, photosynthesis, and hydraulic traits in two rice genotypes with contrasting resistance to drought. The results showed that K deficiency reduced canopy transpiration rate by decreasing stomatal conductance, which led to higher canopy temperatures, resulting in limited water deficit tolerance in rice. In addition, K deficiency led to further substantial reductions in leaf relative water content and water potential under water deficit, which increased the imbalance in leaf water relations under water deficit. Notably, K deficiency limited leaf gas exchange by reducing leaf hydraulic conductance, but decreased the intrinsic water use efficiency under water deficit, especially for the drought‐resistant cultivar. Further analysis of the underlying process of leaf hydraulic resistance revealed that the key limiting factor of leaf hydraulic conductance under K deficiency was the outside‐xylem hydraulic conductance rather than the xylem hydraulic conductance. Overall, our results provide a comprehensive perspective for assessing leaf water relations under K deficiency, water deficit, and their combined stresses, which will be useful for optimal rice fertilization strategies.
Microbial diagnostics in periodontal diseases
Authors: Manoil Daniel , Parga Ana , Bostanci Nagihan , Belibasakis Georgios N.
Published: May 2024

Microbial analytical methods have been instrumental in elucidating the complex microbial etiology of periodontal diseases, by shaping our understanding of subgingival community dynamics. Certain pathobionts can orchestrate the establishment of dysbiotic communities that can subvert the host immune system, triggering inflammation and tissue destruction. Yet, diagnosis and management of periodontal conditions still rely on clinical and radiographic examinations, overlooking the well‐established microbial etiology. This review summarizes the chronological emergence of periodontal etiological models and the co‐evolution with technological advances in microbial detection. We additionally review the microbial analytical approaches currently accessible to clinicians, highlighting their value in broadening the periodontal assessment. The epidemiological importance of obtaining culture‐based antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of periodontal taxa for antibiotic resistance surveillance is also underscored, together with clinically relevant analytical approaches to guide antibiotherapy choices, when necessary. Furthermore, the importance of 16S‐based community and shotgun metagenomic profiling is discussed in outlining dysbiotic microbial signatures. Because dysbiosis precedes periodontal damage, biomarker identification offers early diagnostic possibilities to forestall disease relapses during maintenance. Altogether, this review highlights the underutilized potential of clinical microbiology in periodontology, spotlighting the clinical areas most conductive to its diagnostic implementation for enhancing prevention, treatment predictability, and addressing global antibiotic resistance.
Seeking the high ground: Exploring advocacy groups' use of policy narratives in the legalization of same‐sex marriage in Taiwan
Authors: Jung Yu‐Heng , Huang Zong‐Xian
Published: May 2024

Advocacy groups employ narrative strategies and framing techniques to enhance societal support. However, to date, it remains unclear how the dynamics of narrative strategy evolve over time and what factors contribute to these shifts. To fill this research gap, we use the Narrative Policy Framework to analyze the competing advocacy groups' Facebook pages in Taiwan's same‐sex marriage debate from 2016 to 2019. The findings reveal that policy positions offer greater predictive power for the devil–angel shift, yet the utilization of conflict expansion and containment strategies is tied to policy issues, political events, and their intended target audience. Our findings also demonstrate that the phenomenon of policy narrative learning occurs when convergence of potential policy outcome is achieved. Furthermore, this study highlights the role of institutional mechanisms in advocacy through venue shopping, underscoring the contextual nature of advocacy groups' narrative strategies. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the utilization of narrative strategy in addressing a contentious social issue.
Governance transference and shifting capacities and expectations in multi‐stakeholder initiatives
Authors: Järvelä Johanna
Published: May 2024

The governing attributes of authority, legitimacy, and accountability are essential to any type of governance to be able to function effectively. For public forms of governing, the attributes are part of the structures and institutions of democratic states, for example, through the tripartition of power, voting, and legal structures. For private forms of governance, such as multi‐stakeholder initiatives (MSIs), these attributes need to be built or attained. This paper sets out to examine how MSIs increase their governing capacity through public–private interactions. Empirically, the paper investigates two national MSIs in mining: the Finnish Sustainable Mining Network and the Chilean Dialogo Territorial. I find that as part of the interactions within the governance sphere of mining, the roles, governance capacity, and expectations toward public and private actors are rearranged. I propose the term “governance transference” to denote the shift of authority, legitimacy, and accountability from one governing body to another. This phenomenon occurs through three mechanisms: lending legitimacy, emulating decision‐making, and enmeshing expectations. The findings extend the previous literature on the outcomes of public–private governance interactions and governance spheres.
Delineation of basins and hills by Morse theory and critical nets
Authors: Wolf Gert W.
Published: May 2024

The delineation of two‐dimensional ascending and descending manifolds represents the theoretical basis for a large number of applications in which functions are used to describe phenomena related to climate, economy, or engineering, to mention only a few. Whereas the applications are related to the pits, passes, peaks, courses, ridges, basins, and hills, of mathematical interest are the corresponding critical points, separatrices as well as two‐dimensional ascending and descending manifolds. The present article demonstrates how the boundaries of the latter, which represent the pre‐images of basins and hills, can be characterized in a graph‐theoretic way. An algorithm for their extraction, which is based on a newly proved theorem, is presented together with its implementation in C#. Finally, the modus operandi of the algorithm is illustrated by two examples, thereby demonstrating how it works even in the case of surfaces with topologically complicated structures.
Robust Autonomous Mobile Manipulation for Substation Inspection
Authors: Pearson Erik , Mirisola Benjamin , Murphy Cameron , Huang Christine , O’Leary Connor , Wong Franklin , Meyerson Julia , Bonfim Luisa , Zecca Matthew , Spina Noah , Szenher Paul , Katari Shalemuraju , Bhatt Shiv , Dohi Takumasa , Colarusso Thomas , Gana Thomas , Englot Brendan
Published: May 2024

The need for autonomous infrastructure inspections performed by mobile robots is becoming increasingly prevalent, to mitigate human error and inspect critical infrastructure with increased frequency, while reducing costs. Electric distribution substations contain a variety of high-power equipment that may occasionally fail, and we focus on inspecting pothead compartments as a representative test case. Frequent measurements of acoustic and transient earth voltage data can indicate degradation before failures occur. Handheld partial discharge (PD) sensors can gather these types of data. Measurements using PD sensors can be automated using a mobile manipulation platform with a custom end-effector. Accurate mapping, localization, and navigation are required to perform autonomous inspection tasks in indoor environments with unmanned ground vehicles. Computer vision and precise manipulator control are necessary for successful handheld sensor interactions. In this paper, we present and analyze a custom-integrated mobile manipulation system capable of performing these functions, which achieves a tradeoff between the small size needed to navigate through low-clearance areas, and the reach capabilities needed to collect the required measurements from pothead compartments.
Raising the Jewish nation: prescriptions of modern motherhood infolksgeszuntto Jews in interwar Eastern Europe
Authors: Gershengorin Ethell Alexandra
Published: May 2024

The Society for the Preservation of the Health of the Jewish Population (OZE) was an organisation dedicated to providing medical aid to Eastern European Jews ravaged by war, revolution, poverty and disease during and after World War I. The OZE’s top priority was addressing the health needs of Jewish children and teaching mothers how to ‘properly’ raise their infants, as children were believed to be the backbone and future of the Jewish nation. Analysing the OZE’s public-facing newspaperFolksgezunt(People’s Health), this paper examines how the OZE used reigning ideas in the Western European and North American scientific community around race and hygiene packaged in Yiddish to transform Jewish women into ‘modern mothers’. Modernising maternity required Jewish women to be completely reliant on medical authority and relinquish traditional forms of childcare. At a time when Jews lived in different newly established nation-states of Eastern Europe, transforming maternity practices was part of a larger project started by Jewish physicians in the Russian Empire to unite Jews by defining them in national terms, replacing religious and parochial definitions. This paper uses discursive and gender analysis to explore how the OZE saw women’s abilities (or not) to raise a healthy Jewish nation as a crucial part of Jewish national diaspora politics. Hence, this paper emphasises the political nature of a seemingly apolitical humanitarian project by uncovering how the image of a modern Jewish mother facilitated a vision of Jewish cohesion and perseverance through health.
Optical solutions for perturbed conformable Fokas–Lenells equation via Kudryashov auxiliary equation method
Authors: Murad Muhammad Amin S.
Published: May 2024

This paper is dedicated to the study of optical soliton solutions for the perturbed Fokas–Lenells equation with conformable derivative using the Kudryashov auxiliary equation method. The studied optical solutions include a class of categories, comprising dark, mixed dark-bright, multi bell-shaped, bell-shaped, and wave optical solutions. Furthermore, we analyzed the magnitude of the perturbed conformable Fokas–Lenells equation by investigating the impact of the conformable parameter and the effect of the time parameter on the novel optical solutions. It can be claimed that the current optical soliton solutions are novel and have not existed in the literature. The results obtained illustrate that the proposed method is robust, efficient, and readily applicable for constructing new solutions to a wide range of nonlinear fractional partial differential equations. The results of this study are expected to shed light on the field of soliton theory in nonlinear optics and mathematical physics.
Scythe: A Low-latency RDMA-enabled Distributed Transaction System for Disaggregated Memory
Authors: Lu Kai , Zhao Siqi , Shan Haikang , Wei Qiang , Li Guokuan , Wan Jiguang , Yao Ting , Wu Huatao , Wang Daohui
Published: May 2024

Disaggregated memory separates compute and memory resources into independent pools connected by RDMA (Remote Direct Memory Access) networks, which can improve memory utilization, reduce cost, and enable elastic scaling of compute and memory resources. However, existing RDMA-based distributed transactions on disaggregated memory suffer from severe long-tail latency under high-contention workloads. In this article, we propose Scythe, a novel low-latency RDMA-enabled distributed transaction system for disaggregated memory. Scythe optimizes the latency of high-contention transactions in three approaches: (1) Scythe proposes a hot-aware concurrency control policy that uses optimistic concurrency control (OCC) to improve transaction processing efficiency in low-conflict scenarios. Under high conflicts, Scythe designs a timestamp-ordered OCC (TOCC) strategy based on fair locking to reduce the number of retries and cross-node communication overhead. (2) Scythe presents an RDMA-friendly timestamp service for improved timestamp management. And, (3) Scythe designs an RDMA-optimized RPC framework to improve RDMA bandwidth utilization. The evaluation results show that, compared with state-of-the-art distributed transaction systems, Scythe achieves more than 2.5× lower latency with 1.8× higher throughput under high-contention workloads.
SCBG: Semantic-Constrained Bidirectional Generation for Emotional Support Conversation
Authors: Xu Yangyang , Zhao Zhuoer , Sun Xiao
Published: May 2024

The Emotional Support Conversation (ESC) task aims to deliver consolation, encouragement, and advice to individuals undergoing emotional distress, thereby assisting them in overcoming difficulties. In the context of emotional support dialogue systems, it is of utmost importance to generate user-relevant and diverse responses. However, previous methods failed to take into account these crucial aspects, resulting in a tendency to produce universal and safe responses (e.g., “I do not know” and “I am sorry to hear that”). To tackle this challenge, a semantic-constrained bidirectional generation (SCBG) framework is utilized for generating more diverse and user-relevant responses. Specifically, we commence by selecting keywords that encapsulate the ongoing dialogue topics based on the context. Subsequently, a bidirectional generator generates responses incorporating these keywords. Two distinct methodologies, namely, statistics-based and prompt-based methods, are employed for keyword extraction. Experimental results on the ESConv dataset demonstrate that the proposed SCBG framework improves response diversity and user relevance while ensuring response quality.
Rural–Urban Cancer Incidence and Trends in the United States, 2000 to 2019
Authors: Semprini Jason , Gadag Khyathi , Williams Gawain , Muldrow Aniyah , Zahnd Whitney E.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Despite consistent improvements in cancer prevention and care, rural and urban disparities in cancer incidence persist in the United States. Our objective was to further examine rural–urban differences in cancer incidence and trends.

Methods:

We used the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries dataset to investigate rural–urban differences in 5-year age-adjusted cancer incidence (2015–2019) and trends (2000–2019), also examining differences by region, sex, race/ethnicity, and tumor site. Age-adjusted rates were calculated using SEER∗Stat 8.4.1, and trend analysis was done using Joinpoint, reporting annual percent changes (APC).

Results:

We observed higher all cancer combined 5-year incidence rates in rural areas (457.6 per 100,000) compared with urban areas (447.9), with the largest rural–urban difference in the South (464.4 vs. 449.3). Rural populations also exhibited higher rates of tobacco-associated, human papillomavirus–associated, and colorectal cancers, including early-onset cancers. Tobacco-associated cancer incidence trends widened between rural and urban from 2000 to 2019, with significant, but varying, decreases in urban areas throughout the study period, whereas significant rural decreases only occurred between 2016 and 2019 (APC = −0.96). Human papillomavirus–associated cancer rates increased in both populations until recently with urban rates plateauing whereas rural rates continued to increase (e.g., APC = 1.56, 2002–2019).

Conclusions:

Rural populations had higher overall cancer incidence rates and higher rates of cancers with preventive opportunities compared with urban populations. Improvements in these rates were typically slower in rural populations.

Impact:

Our findings underscore the complex nature of rural–urban disparities, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and policies to reduce disparities and achieve equitable health outcomes.
Inpatient Infliximab Biosimilar Cost-Savings: Cost Analysis of Inpatient Treatment with Originator Infliximab (Remicade™) versus Biosimilar Infliximab (Renflexis™) for Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Cappuccio Joseph M. , Mehta Neev , Pellish Randall
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Infliximab (IFX) is a standard, inpatient salvage therapy for the treatment of refractory acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC). Remicade™ is the originator IFX. Its biosimilar Renflexis™ offers a reduced cost structure. We performed a cost-minimization analysis to compare costs with Remicade™ and Renflexis™ for the inpatient treatment of ASUC. Methods: Retrospective clinical and financial data were obtained from 34 inpatients with refractory ASUC who received Renflexis™ (n = 17) or Remicade™ (n = 17) between 2019 and 2021. Clinical data included admission and discharge laboratory values. Financial data included a decision support drug cost (DSDC), constituting the total cost associated with inpatient IFX administration, and total inpatient cost of care. The following equation generated a ratio (rDSDC) representing the percentage of drug cost (or DSDC) of the total inpatient cost of care, after controlling for IFX dose and length of stay: [DSDC of IFX/Number of Units of IFX] ÷ [Total Inpatient Cost of Care/Length of Stay in Days]. Median and non-parametric Wilcoxon ranked sum test were used for analyzing patient demographics, clinical, and financial data. Results: No differences were found in baseline or discharge clinical parameters. The median unadjusted ratio of DSDC to total inpatient cost of care was 0.387 versus 0.241 in the Remicade™ versus Renflexis™ groups (p = 0.0025), respectively, representing an absolute difference of ∼14%. Median adjusted rDSDC were 0.04 versus 0.024 in the Remicade™ versus Renflexis™ groups, respectively, representing a relative cost reduction of ∼40% (p = 0.0001). Discussion: The unadjusted absolute cost reduction and adjusted relative cost reduction were, respectively, 14% and 40% in the Renflexis™ group as compared to Remicade™, when treating inpatient ASUC. Our calculation included median DSDC as a percentage of the total inpatient cost of care, controlling for IFX dose and length of stay. This reduced cost structure promotes use of Renflexis™ for ASUC inpatients and may reduce costs systemically.
Subjective Versus Psychophysical Measures of Chemosensory Alterations Following COVID-19
Authors: Vilarello Brandon J. , Jacobson Patricia T. , Snyder Clayton J. , Choo Tse-Hwei , Gallagher Liam W. , Caruana Francesco F. , Tervo Jeremy P. , Gary Joseph B. , Saak Tiana M. , Gudis David A. , Joseph Paule V. , Goldberg Terry E. , Devanand Devangere P. , Overdevest Jonathan B.
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Olfactory dysfunction is a common symptom of COVID-19. However, subjective perception of olfactory function does not always correlate well with more objective measures. This study seeks to clarify associations between subjective and psychophysical measures of olfaction and gustation in patients with subjective chemosensory dysfunction following COVID-19.

Methods: Adults with persistent COVID-19-associated chemosensory disturbance were recruited for a prospective, longitudinal cohort study at a tertiary care institution. Participants provided subjective measures of olfactory and gustatory function and underwent psychophysical assessment using Sniffin’ Sticks olfactory and Monell gustatory tests.

Results: Data analysis (n=65) showed a statistically significant association between subjective and psychophysical measures of olfaction (p<0.001). For each one-point increase in subjectively-reported olfactory ability, there is, on average, a 0.11 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.16; p<0.001) point increase in TDI score while adjusting for age at baseline assessment, sex, and follow-up time. For each one-point increase in subjectively-reported olfactory ability, there is, on average, a 0.04 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.06; p<0.001) point and 0.05 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.07; p<0.001) point increase in discrimination and identification scores, respectively, when adjusting for age at baseline assessment, sex, and follow-up time.

Conclusion: Subjective olfaction shows a mild to moderate association with psychophysical measures, but it fails to comprehensively assess persistent COVID-19-associated chemosensory deficits. The lack of significant association between subjective olfaction and threshold limits the utility of subjective olfaction in tracking recovery. These findings support the push for more widespread psychophysical chemosensory testing.
Gender Differences in Lung Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Liccardi Alessia , Colao Annamaria , Modica Roberta
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Gender difference may affect lung neuroendocrine tumor (L-NET) onset, progression, and outcomes as emerged in other cancers. This study aimed to analyze gender difference in L-NET to identify potential prognostic factors, to improve patient follow-up and therapeutic strategies. Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed L-NEN diagnosis referred to the ENETS CoE of the Endocrinology Unit, Federico II University of Naples, from 2013 to 2023, were retrospectively evaluated. Results: Among 48 patients with L-NEN, 38 (79.2%) with sporadic L-NET were enrolled: 22 typical (57.9%) and 16 atypical (42.1%) carcinoids, 22 (57.9%) female and 16 (42.1%) male, mean age at diagnosis 57.3 years (range 16–84). Median follow-up was 70.5 months (range 12–305). No statistical difference resulted regarding smoking habit, BMI, primary site (left/right and central/peripheral), and histological characteristics, between cohorts. Metastasis at diagnosis was found in 20 patients (52.3%), 10 female (10%) and 10 male (10%) (p: 0.20). Progressive disease (PD) was observed in 14 (36.8%) patients, and male sex developed PD more frequently 9/14 (64.3%) than female 5 (35.7%), p: 0.05. Male sex seemed to show more frequently bone metastasis without reaching statistical difference, 7 male/10 (70%), p: 0.06. Among 9 deaths (23.7%), 7 (77.8%) were men and 7 died for PD, p < 0.03. Male had a poorer prognosis than female regarding progression-free survival (PFS) (p: 0.04) and overall survival (p: 0.001), also when sub-groups of patient metastatic at diagnosis were compared (p: 0.02 and p: 0.02). Conclusions: This study showed a worse prognosis in male than female with L-NET, despite similar clinical features, tumor type, stage, and treatment, with regard to PFS, OS, and metastatic spread. These findings may suggest a closer follow-up in men, with potential positive impact on outcomes.
Changes in Migraine Symptoms after Ischemic Stroke: A Cohort Study
Authors: van der Weerd Nelleke , Pelzer Nadine , Egberts Emma , Mertens Marit , Bakker Willemijn , Linstra Katie M. , van den Maagdenberg Arn M.J.M. , van Zwet Erik W. , MaassenVanDenBrink Antoinette , Terwindt Gisela M. , Wermer Marieke J.H.
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Migraine symptoms are postulated to improve post-stroke. We aimed to determine post-stroke changes in patients with active migraine pre-stroke and explored the relation with stroke location and stroke-preventive medication use. Methods: Patients with active migraine who had an ischemic stroke were retrieved from three research-cohorts between 2014 and 2021. By an interview, we retrospectively investigated first-year post-stroke changes for those ischemic stroke patients that suffered from migraine pre-stroke. Associations between change in migraine frequency/intensity/aura (decrease, no change, increase), stroke location (posterior location vs. other), and use of secondary stroke preventive medication were assessed by ordinal regression with adjustment for confounders. Results: We included 78 patients (mean age 48 years, 86% women, 47% with aura). Change in migraine symptomatology was reported by 63 (81%) patients; 51 (81%) noticed a decrease in attack frequency (27 no attacks) and 12 (19%) an increase. Pain intensity change was reported by 18 (35%) patients (50% increase, 50% decrease). Aura symptomatology improved in 4 (11%). Reduced attack frequency was not related to posterior stroke (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 0.6–3.9), or preventive medication (antiplatelets OR = 1.0, 95% CI: 0.2–3.7; coumarin OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 0.4–20.6). Conclusions: Most patients with active pre-stroke migraine experience improvement of their symptoms in the first year after ischemic stroke. This change does not seem to be related to secondary stroke preventive medication or posterior stroke location.
La música y la narrativa como estrategias en el aula para el desarrollo de habilidades emocionales y sociales entre pares adolescentes
Authors: Benavides Lorena Reyes , Bautista González Lizeth
Published: May 2024

El artículo presenta los procesos y resultados de la investigación La música y la narrativa como estrategias en el aula para el desarrollo de habilidades emocionales y sociales entre pares adolescentes. El proyecto se desarrolla a través de un proceso de observación, intervención y análisis, en un año escolar, del colegio Gimnasio del Norte de Bogotá. La población se constituye por 20 adolescentes entre los 12 y 13 años de edad. Con la música y la narrativa como mediadoras, se observaron las relaciones sociales y emocionales que se dan entre pares y cómo el vínculo fortalece sus procesos de desarrollo. El enfoque metodológico utilizado fue el de investigación acción. Como conclusión, se plantea a la educación emocional como una cátedra en construcción permanente que debe ser transversal al currículo y darse de acuerdo con las características particulares de los agentes, enmarcados en un contexto determinado.
El cuerpo femenino en reclusión
Authors: Esperanza Rosas Nubia
Published: May 2024

En Colombia existen pocos estudios comprensivos del cuerpo de las mujeres privadas de la libertad. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de la investigación acerca de las experiencias corporales en regímenes totalitarios, desde cuatro ejes de interpretación: una contextualización de las trayectorias vitales de las reclusas previo al proceso de prisionalización; una microfísica de los mecanismos sociales disciplinarios que domestican el cuerpo de las internas; una mirada crítica de la dimensión molecular de la experiencia corporal en reclusión y un análisis de las tipologías de las internas. Información construida a través de una metodología cualitativa y diseño de narrativas, a lo largo de la investigación realizada en la Reclusión de Mujeres de Bogotá, entre agosto de 2011 y mayo de 2012, con el propósito de contribuir a la comprensión de las subjetividades que emergen en la reclusión.
Influencia de las representaciones sociales de participación infantil, en las prácticas llevadas al interior del hogar y de la escuela
Authors: Cruz Johana Andrea , Velandia Martha Patricia
Published: May 2024

Esta investigación parte del interés por conocer las representaciones sociales existentes en los padres de familia y docentes de los niños y las niñas del primer ciclo de la Institución EducativaDepartamental República de Francia y su influencia en las prácticas alrededor de la participación.

Es por esto que al apoyar la investigación se recurre a un marco institucional que contextualiza a los lectores, un marco conceptual en donde se apoya la teoría con las categorías propias de la investigación: Representaciones sociales de participación infantil y práctica de participación infantil, para llegar a un capítulo de análisis de resultados donde se pueden dilucidar y caracterizar dichas representaciones haciendo uso del estudio de caso como técnica de recolección de información por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas y el grupo focal.

Dentro de esta investigación se encontró que en las prácticas sociales y pedagógicas, esas representaciones sociales, están signadas en la mayoría de los casos por el miedo, la sumisión, la dependencia, las relaciones sociales verticales y el abuso de autoridad por parte de los adultos; por esto en la actualidad no está claro sí nos orientamos hacia dos modelos: Uno más autoritario u otro de tipo democrático y de verdadera participación infantil.
As contribuições de Ralph Appelbaum para a museografia brasileira
Authors: Lupo Bianca Manzon
Published: May 2024

O artigo pretende analisar a extensa colaboração do escritório estadunidense Ralph Appelbaum Associates para a criação de ambientes expositivos no Brasil, com destaque para o Museu da Língua Portuguesa, tendo como base a mobilização dos conceitos de museu narrativo, exposição-show e design integrador. O estudo será articulado em dois momentos: análise dos projetos de RAA tomados como referências para sua implantação no Brasil – Museu do Holocausto e Newseum – e investigação das principais intervenções de Appelbaum no Brasil, buscando refletir sobre o contexto de formação do espaço expositivo contemporâneo mediado pelas tecnologias da comunicação.
Sombra como um índice de corporeidade: revisitando sombras na história da pintura ocidental desde seus mitos de origem até o Renascimento
Authors: Rezende Jamerson Sérgio Passos
Published: May 2024

A partir de una comprensión amplia de la sombra como concepto espacial, este ensayo propone una revisión bibliográfica sobre las representaciones de la sombra en la historia de la pintura tradicional occidental, tanto en su dimensión técnica como simbólica. A través de imágenes específicas, el texto comenta la temática, limitándose a un marco temporal, desde los mitos fundacionales de la pintura en la Edad Antigua hasta el siglo XVI. El choque teórico confronta una idea preestablecida de que las representaciones de sombras anteriores al Cinquecento ocurrían sólo de manera intuitiva. Con ello buscamos demostrar que, a pesar de las limitaciones técnicas de la pintura medieval, las sombras ya eran utilizadas como elementos articuladores de significado al ofrecer testimonio y representación de alguna corporalidad.
A People of the Frontier: An Account of the Āyromlu Tribe between the Qajar, Ottoman, and Russian Empires
Authors: Hobhouse Caspar , Karamustafa Ali Aydin
Published: May 2024

This article offers a translation of the unpublished short historical chronicle of the Āyromlu tribe, a ten-folio manuscript located in the British Library. Entitled Ketābcha-ye tāyefa-ye Āyromlu (The Booklet of the Āyromlu Tribe), it was composed in 1886/1304 in the northwestern borderlands of Qajar Iran by one Mohammad b. Bahrām Khān Āyromlu. Although principally motivated by the author’s desire to obtain salaries and lands that had been taken away from his family by its rivals, the text recounts the fascinating history of the Āyromlu over the course of the Safavid, Afshar, and Qajar eras. Drawing on oral and written sources, the author offers us a picture of tribal life and politics in the Caucasian imperial borderlands between the Ottoman, Iranian, and Russian states.
1. A Swedish Perspective on Artistic Research Practices in First and Second Cycle Education in Music
Authors: Östersjö Stefan , Holmgren Carl , Unander-Scharin Åsa
Published: May 2024

This chapter seeks an understanding of in what ways practices of artistic research are contributing to developing the teaching and learning of music performance in Higher Music Education (HME). It is built on two of the authors’ long-term experience of teaching artistic research methods and supervising theses in first and second cycle programs in Sweden. The chapter consists of three main parts. First, we provide a brief historical overview of how artistic research in music was implemented in Sweden, with particular attention to knowledge claims and method development. Second, we consider the impact of the Bologna process on HME in Sweden, a process in which the authors have been personally involved. It has, among other things, demanded a shift from teacher-driven provision toward student-centred higher education. The third part presents an overarching qualitative and quantitative analysis of completed bachelor and master theses from 2020–2022 within the bachelor and master programs in music performance in the Piteå School of Music at Luleå University of Technology with regard to aims, research questions and methods. For each of the six identified categories, one thesis was selected for a more detailed qualitative analysis, after which the authors were interviewed. The study proposes three main implications for HME: artistic research has shown potential to enable more student-centred forms of teaching and learning, based to a great extent on its use of reflexive methods; the use of reflexive methods shows great potential to enhance life-long learning; and finally that the role of artistic experimentation, as expressed in the student theses, suggests that the notion of the artistic research laboratory may be a potential model for how the offerings of HME to teaching and learning may be reconsidered.
3. Finding Voice
Authors: Bäckman Mikael
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores how my own artistic research has informed my practice, not only as a musician, but also as a teacher in higher music education (HME). In my ongoing PhD project, I have investigated how a personal expression, or voice, emerges from a process initiated by transcription and imitation. I have used an analytical perspective, informed by embodied cognition, and built around the concepts of voice and affordance to try to clarify these processes. I have transcribed 13 albums by the iconic country harmonica player Charlie McCoy. Based on these transcriptions, I have analyzed McCoy’s playing style, notably charting his musical idiolect. From my analysis, I found a number of licks and strategies which he often employs. The licks are, I argue, important features of McCoy’s idiolect.

With McCoy’s licks as a point of departure, I have created my own variations of these. This method of deliberately transforming my voice is my way of finding out who I am, and who I want to be, as an artist. Starting with transcriptions gave me a view of the state of the art of country harmonica playing. The next phase of my PhD project has been to implement the knowledge I gained through artistic research, on my instrumental teaching in HME. In order to investigate this further, I have sought to initiate similar processes of formation of voice in my students. I have created a single subject course for harmonica students, where the aim is to explore the process of transcription leading to a formation of an original, unique voice. In the chapter I will present examples from my own artistic study, as well as examples from my study with my harmonica students in HME.
4. Teaching Musical Performance from an Artistic Research-Based Approach
Authors: Dalagna Gilvano , Salgado Correia Jorge , Foletto Clarissa , Papageorgi Ioulia
Published: May 2024

This book chapter reports on a pedagogical intervention consisting of a new artistic research-based approach to teaching and learning music performance. Such an approach was offered as an extracurricular course (REACT training school) promoted by a strategic partnership, funded by ERASMUS+, involving 5 European higher music institutions. The chapter is structured in four parts. The first outlines the current paradigm of music performance education in European higher education institutions. This section explores the consequences of the values and expectations established in the context of the nineteenth-century Western Conservatoire model along with a summary of the career demands of professional music performers. From the insights arising from the issues discussed above, connections are drawn with the current state of artistic research in order to launch new pedagogical strategies. In the second part, the implementation of the REACT training school at a Portuguese university is described. Details about topics included in the programme, selection of participants, data collection and data analysis are presented. In the third part, the results of the data analysis are dealt with, considering the students' perspectives regarding their participation and the training school itself. In section 4, the theoretical and pedagogical implications of the study are discussed, with reference to the state of the art presented in section two, also addressing methodological limitations of the study itself, finally proposing possible directions for future research.
7. Score-Based Learning and Improvisation in Classical Music Performance
Authors: Kharatyan Mariam
Published: May 2024

This chapter reflects on the author’s artistic path as a classical pianist and her experiences within the artistic research projects Armenian Fingerprints (Kharatyan, 2019) and the ongoing project Armenian Crossroads, the latter project involving music performance students from the Department of Classical Music and Music Education at the University of Agder. With these students, the Armenian Crossroads project explored how the interpretation of scored music can stretch beyond the limitations of Werktreue, by experimenting with co-create approaches and collaborative music making through improvisation.

It is argued that the impact of Werktreue on the teaching and learning of music performance of classical music in most of HMEI’s curricula has strongly suppressed improvisational practices and limited the scope for creativity and unconventional interpretations. The author seeks to challenge the norms in higher music education, and describes two artistic projects that explore new methods, seeking to re-introduce improvisation in classical music performance education. Drawing on interviews with the participating students, the chapter brings forth how students found that the improvisation sessions had (i) stimulated musical creativity; (ii) provided broader perspectives on music performance; (iii) promoted listening and interaction (iv) demanded that each performer accept their vulnerability; (v) provided new musical insights; (vi) increased focus and sense of presence. In conclusion, the chapter proposes that by implementing improvisation and including the students in artistic research projects in performance education, novel and creative approaches to the teaching and learning of musical interpretation can be created.
9. The Musical Object in Deep Learning
Authors: Torleiv Furnes Odd
Published: May 2024

From August 2020 the Norwegian National Curriculum for primary, lower secondary and upper secondary education and training was replaced. A main concern was to equip students with 21st century competencies aimed at enabling students to transfer and apply knowledge and skills in different contexts. One key aspect in achieving such competencies is that of providing for in-depth or deep learning. While deep learning is defined in slightly different ways in documents leading up to the new curriculum they all emphasise developing an understanding of concepts and relationships in and between subject areas (NOU 2014: 7, s. 7). This involves a break with so-called surface learning based on facts and isolated skills.

This chapter will investigate what it means to provide for deep learning in music by turning to two oppositional frameworks of understanding: on the one side sociocultural learning theories and pragmatic aesthetics and on the other side the more contentious perspectives of musical objectivism and musical autonomy. Within this field of tension, we find to some extent contradictory views on the role of musical knowledge and what this knowledge consists of. Research on perception and musical emotion strongly indicates that bottom-up perspectives are central to musical experience. Thus, taking a sociocultural stance that leans heavily towards a pragmatic and relativistic view on musical knowledge production may inhibit knowledge about, and even acknowledgement of, music as an aesthetic, perceptible object.
10. Rethinking Music Performance Education through the Lens of Today’s Society
Authors: Eidsaa Randi Margrethe , Kharatyan Mariam
Published: May 2024

This chapter aims to provide insights into the perspectives that arose from the data collection and analysis carried out by the Norwegian team of the Erasmus+ project REACT - Rethinking Music Performance in European Higher Education Music Institutions. The data was collected through a series of small-scale studies, including REACT - network activity at the University of Agder and the Academy of Music in Oslo, and an analysis of reports following the participation of a group of fourteen music performance students in a creative ensemble project at the University of Agder. We also refer to a small curriculum study conducted at the University of Agder. The study addressed some of the educational demands that emerged from extensive international research on music performance curricula and pedagogy in Higher Music Education during the early, mid, and late 2010s.

The chapter highlights novel approaches to music performance, including community-based perspectives, creative ensemble collaborations, and improvisation in students' music education. These approaches aim to address the challenges that students face when pursuing professional careers in music today. The discussion sheds light on the ways in which music education curricula can be strengthened to support students entering their professional music careers and to broaden their musical thinking, thus preparing them to become contributors in society. The chapter references the small-scale research project Music for Microsculptures, an interdisciplinary student concert that reflects the results of data analysis and aspects often commented on in research on music performance curricula in Higher Education.
11. Experience, Understanding and Intercultural Competence
Authors: Gibson Sarah-Jane
Published: May 2024

Ethno is JM International’s program for folk, world and traditional music. Founded in 1990, it is aimed at young musicians (up to age 30) with a mission to revive and keep alive global cultural heritage. Originating in Sweden, but now present in over 40 countries, Ethno engages young people through a series of annual international music gatherings as well as workshops, concerts and tours, working together with schools, conservatories and other groups of youth to promote peace, tolerance and understanding (https://ethno.world/about/). 

In this chapter, I consider the research questions to what extent should an intercultural music programme also focus on developing intercultural understanding and competency? Is it enough for participants to have an intercultural musical experience without allowing time for critical reflection to develop intercultural competencies? Further to this I consider how the nonformal approach of Ethno may support intercultural understanding and how this contrasts with intercultural programmes in formal HEI institutions. Research findings are drawn from a four-year international research project exploring the hypothesis that Ethno provides transformational socio-cultural and musical significances for participants (www.ethnoresearch.org ). Findings are based on ethnographic fieldwork at Ethno events and interviews with over 250 participants, organisers and ‘artistic mentors’ (on-site musical leaders).  The research was conducted by The International Centre for Community music (ICCM) in collaboration with JM International. I also draw upon my HEI teaching with a particular focus on ‘Ethno inspired’ workshops we ran as a means of contrasting the experience of intercultural learning in a formal institution to demonstrate how this research has broadened sociological and musical understandings of other cultures for my university students. Research findings suggest that those attending Ethno gatherings are ready to have intercultural dialogues, they are curious and open toward people that are different. Our research also highlights the importance participants place on being with ‘like-minded people’. The chapter ultimately considers whether there is value in facilitated time for critical reflection during intercultural music gatherings in order to develop intercultural competencies.
12. Employability Skills within an Inclusive Undergraduate and Postgraduate Performance Curriculum in the UK
Authors: Minors Helen Julia
Published: May 2024

This chapter illustrates two parallel artistic research pedagogic projects, led by the author at Kingston University, Taking Race Live and the Inclusive Curriculum Framework, which aimed to integrate employability skills into the music curriculum of both undergraduate and postgraduate music students, while at the same time, working to develop an inclusive curriculum. Exploring work over the last decade, this chapter asks: how can we embed employability skills alongside performance technique, aesthetic understanding and analytical ability? How can these embedded skills be developed in an authentic manner to support students’ learning? What might an inclusive performance curriculum look like?