bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’INGANNO DEL VOLTO E LA VERITÀ DELL’ODORE (A PROPOSITO DI CIC. PIS. 1; 13)
Authors: TEDESCHI Antonella
Published: February 2025

Deceptive face and truthful smell (Cic. Pis. 1; 13). The lexical analysis of the descriptive elements of Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus’ vultus (Cic. Pis. 1) and his bad bodily smells (Cic. Pis. 13) is the focus of this work: it
aims at understanding the way Cicero builds the ‘figure of the enemy’ in the speech
In Pisonem. Cicero shows that Piso’s facial signals are deceptively falsified, aimed
at providing a false image of himself (Cic. Pis. 1). Instead, the sensory analysis of
odors, which he leaves behind, reveals his true degenerate nature. In a vituperatio
full of comical vis, the proof of the physical and moral turpitudo of Piso is provided
by the eloquentia corporis. The evocation of a visit to his home (Cic. Pis. 13) offers
the opportunity for a full description of the olfactory perceptions: the smell of wine
and ganeae around Piso recreate with great evidentia the atmosphere of the meeting. In this way, Cicero reveals the marks of Piso’s vitia and stimulates disgust and
condemnation towards him.
VIRTVS ROMANA REDIVIVA. THE LATINITY OF THE NATION IN THE ROMANIAN PRESS IN TRANSYLVANIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY
Authors: GHENGHEA Mircea-Cristian
Published: February 2025

The idea of Latinity was used in Transylvania in the 18 th-19 th
centuries, both to stimulate and cultivate Romanians’ loyalty to the Vienna Court
and to affirm and strengthen the national identity against the processes of denationalization specific to that time. In the second half of the 19 th century, in the context of the general development of the Romanian press, Latinity gained an increasing importance, becoming a leitmotif in the effort of Transylvanian Romanians to have their natural rights recognized. Through our text we try to provide
an overview on the significance that the press of the time gave to the idea of Latinity in the complicated context of that age.
Overcoming Language Barriers in Metro Systems: A Semiotic Analysis of the Logo Design for Xi’an Metro Line 2
Authors: Yujue Wang , Samsudin Mat Redhuan , Daud Noorlida
Published: February 2025

Against the backdrop of global economic integration, overcoming language barriers has emerged as a critical issue in the design of modern public transportation systems. Grounded in the semiotic theory of “signifier” and “signified,” this study examines the evolution of station wayfinding design in Chinese metro systems, highlighting the interactive relationship between signifiers and signifieds as embodied in station logos. Using the logo design of Xi’an Metro Line 2 as a case study, the paper explores the applicability of visual metaphors, multi-layered intention communication, and aesthetic balance in multilingual environments. Furthermore, it analyzes the role of station logo design in conveying cultural symbols and urban identity, shedding light on its significance in expressing regional culture and disseminating social values. Based on these insights, this study proposes visual strategies for applying logo design in cross-linguistic public transportation systems, aiming to foster broader cultural exchange and understanding.
Analyzing the Integration and Support Systems for Migrant Families in Korea
Authors: Rasulov Ikhtiyor
Published: February 2025

South Korea is undergoing significant demographic change, characterised by a growing foreign resident population and an increase in multicultural families. These changes, driven by an ageing population and declining birth rates, emphasise the urgency of effective migration policies. This study analyses the demographic trends and highlights the increase in the foreign population, multicultural students and regional inequalities. It critically assesses South Korea’s migration policy and identifies gaps in long-term integration, educational equity and community support. Drawing on best practises from countries such as Canada, Germany and Finland, the study proposes actionable reforms including equity-focused education, scalable support systems and skills-based migration pathways. This study offers a comprehensive framework for sustainable and inclusive migration strategies and contributes new insights to the policy discourse in East Asia.
A Sustainable Solution to Protect Agriculture and Promote Tourism in Sri Lanka
Authors: Kalansooriya Jayantha
Published: February 2025

Although farmers have been explaining to the government for a long time about the animals that harm their crops, the government has failed to provide a proper remedy so far. This problem is becoming increasingly serious, and farmers strongly request the current government to save their crops from the monkey menace. While the government appears to be considering the farmers’ demands, they are evaluating which alternative measures would provide the most sustainable and scientific solution. Given this situation, this concept paper addresses the monkey problem in Sri Lanka, focusing on the Gampaha district. Many alternative proposals have been presented in this regard, and this concept paper aligns accordingly. The aim of this paper is to propose a win-win solution that contributes to the development of the country through the tourism industry while providing an immediate solution to the farmers’ problem. The paper proposes establishing a monkey park to manage the monkey population, protect agriculture, and generate revenue through tourism and allied activities. This initiative integrates wildlife management, community engagement, and sustainable economic strategies to deliver a comprehensive solution.
Physiological, morphological and genetic effects of lead on commonly grown crops along Kenyan roads- two decades later
Authors: Mukabana Debora Anyoso , Muli Joshua Kiilu
Published: February 2025

Lead contamination from vehicular emissions is a major environmental issue, particularly in regions with high traffic and inadequate emission controls. Kenya banned leaded fuel in 2005, but this study delves into the effects of lead 2 decades later. We assessed the physiological, morphological, and genetic effects of Pb exposure on Zea mays (maize), Phaseolus vulgaris (beans), and Brassica oleracea (kale) grown near major roadways in Kenya. Lead bioaccumulation was highest in plants closest to roadways across all three crops. Physiological impacts included significant reductions in chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, and nutrient uptake. Morphological changes included stunted growth, reduced leaf area, and lower biomass accumulation. Genetic analysis revealed Pb-induced DNA damage and upregulation of stress-responsive genes, indicating potential genotoxic effects. Each crop exhibited unique sensitivity to lead exposure. The findings emphasize the critical need for stringent emission controls, the promotion of phytoremediation strategies, and public health initiatives to mitigate the risks posed by lead-contaminated crops on food safety and human health.
The Impact of Digital Transformation on the Development of the Tourism Industry: Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Satiti Ayu , Udin Udin
Published: February 2025

This research examines the impact of digital transformation on the tourism industry through bibliometric analysis. Articles from the Scopus database covering the period 2019–2023 were analyzed, resulting in 183 relevant documents. The research employs CiteSpace to visualize keyword occurrences and international collaboration, while VOSviewer is utilized to explore author collaborations. Findings reveal a consistent annual increase in publications on digital transformation within the tourism sector. The bibliometric analysis identified key research themes, with prominent keywords including 'Tourism' (89 occurrences), 'Digital Marketing' (17 occurrences), and 'Digital Transformation' (14 occurrences). Furthermore, significant international collaborations involving countries, research institutions, and individual researchers emphasize the global scope of digital tourism research. This study underscores the importance of digital innovation in advancing the tourism industry. Emerging areas such as the digital divide, tourism destinations, and virtual tourism are identified as underexplored topics with significant potential for future research. By highlighting global collaboration and trends, this study offers valuable insights into the evolving dynamics of digital transformation in tourism. The findings enhance the existing body of knowledge and lay a foundation for further exploration of this interdisciplinary and impactful field.
Innovative AI-Driven Early Skin Disease Detection Skincare.ai’s Impact and Efficacy
Authors: Krishnan VS  , Bhatia Hardik , Khandal Hardik , Vijayan R
Published: February 2025

The usage of AI in healthcare has proven to be a significant challenge to global health due to the widespread presence of skin diseases, and the early identification and intervention when such cases are detected cannot be over stressed. Skincare.ai uses advanced artificial intelligence and machine learning capabilities that make such identification accessible. Such identification is possible through the use of the resource from its application, individuals can take or upload photos of their skin issues which are then analyzed by advanced machine learning models to identify the disease accurately. This paper is an exploration of how Skincare.ai was made, the capability of such a system, and the impact. It features its main aim: AI-powered skin analysis, smooth consultation with healthcare professionals, and suggestions automatically provided via the SkinBot assistant. Skincare.ai claims to save and improve lives through the diagnosis and advancement of an active approach in skin health. The Skincare.ai organization’s ultimate aim is to empower users and build a community that creates awareness on skin health through the reduction of burden on healthcare systems and proper timely medical interventions. The present study investigates the technology behind Skincare.ai, its clinical importance, and how it may change skin disease management in the wake of early detection and patient empowerment.
Development and Validation of the Blended Learning Effectiveness and Challenges Scale (BLECS) in the Indian Educational Context
Authors: Kalra Saurabh , Srivastava Nandini , Gambhir Vandana
Published: February 2025

In higher education worldwide, blended learning has become an ordinary component of the student experience. However, few reliable tools are available to evaluate students' perceptions of learning environments in blended learning settings despite these perceptions being a crucial component of the learning process. This paper detailed the preliminary creation and validation of the Blended Learning Effectiveness and Challenges Scale (BLECS) perceptions in the Indian Educational Context. The analyses, involving a sample of 500 Indian students currently enrolled in government or private universities of Delhi NCR, belonging to different fields using purposive sampling, consistently supported the trifactor model. Separately, there were three specific factors: Blended Learning Effectiveness (BLE), Technology Integration and Educational Outcomes (TIEO) and Blended Learning Challenges (BLC), each having its own separate set of items. The study confirmed that the BLECS demonstrated a consistent factor structure, factor loadings, and intercepts. This suggests that the BLECS could be valuable in exploring students’ perceptions of blended learning environments across various academic disciplines exploring students’ perceptions of blended learning environments across various academic disciplines.
Critical Rationalism and Growth of Scientific Knowledge in Africa
Authors: Ikechukwu Ozoigbo Bonaventure , Agama Christian Sunday , Ezenwankwor John , Onyeakazi Jude Chukwuma
Published: February 2025

The entirety of African cosmology among all other things embraces their whole fields of sciences, metaphysics and arts but the point of concentration for analysis and clarification is on their sciences (Scientific knowledge). Going by the history of the western science, it appears that the tendency of nationalizing science could be justifiable depending on how one sees it. Science could be taken as objective and universal with respect to the goals it intends to achieve. But the approach could vary from one culture to another basically because it is a methodology. This implies that the growth of scientific knowledge is not limited only to the western world but inherent to every set of people irrespective of the color or race. This paper, however, is of the view that there are sciences of which African scientific knowledge represents a phase in the progress of science; and that the western science and that of the African science are on equal race of achieving the truth. We also assert that both scientific knowledge of African system and Karl Popper’s philosophy of science operate on the same epistemological foundation. Thus, we shall use the modern terms and ideas of Karl Popper to argue that African methodology of attaining the truth is a science in its own right and that it has also helped them to advance in their knowledge.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Revolutionizing Sustainable Recruitment: A Framework for Inclusivity and Efficiency
Authors: Rahman SM Masudur , Hossain Md Amzad , Miah Md Shelim , Alom Md Mahabub , Islam Maruf
Published: February 2025

This study explores the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies to advance sustainable recruitment, focusing on both environmental and social sustainability. AI-driven systems, including machine learning (ML) and natural language processing (NLP), offer significant improvements by automating tasks such as resume screening, candidate profiling, and interview scheduling. These technologies reduce resource consumption, eliminate the need for physical interviews and paperwork, and lower the carbon footprint of recruitment processes. Adopting a theoretical and conceptual analysis methodology, this research draws on a comprehensive review of AI applications in recruitment and sustainability frameworks. No primary data was collected; instead, the study utilizes secondary data from academic literature, industry reports, and expert insights. A conceptual framework is developed to illustrate how AI can be systematically integrated into recruitment processes to enhance sustainability, highlighting stages such as data collection, decision-making, and feedback loops to improve AI algorithms over time. The findings suggest that AI can contribute significantly to resource efficiency by digitizing recruitment processes and reducing environmental impacts like travel-related emissions. Moreover, AI enhances social sustainability by promoting diversity and inclusion in hiring, as automated systems reduce biases in candidate selection. Key strategies include adopting energy-efficient AI technologies, ensuring ethical use through algorithm audits, and leveraging feedback mechanisms to optimize AI performance. Policymakers are encouraged to develop regulations promoting transparency and accountability in AI use. Future research should explore AI’s broader role in human resource management, ensuring its sustainability potential is fully realized.
IoT-Based Precision Farming Robot for Agricultural Automation
Authors: P More Nilkamal , Venkataramanan V  , Kumar Mohammed Owaish , Padaya Mohammed Saqlain , Solanki Fihaan
Published: February 2025

As the world turns to new technologies and applications, advancing agricultural development goals is essential. The Internet of Things is essential for smart agriculture. IoT sensors are capable of providing farmland data. This study offers an automated IoT and smart farming system. An IoT-based agricultural monitoring system uses wireless sensor networks to collect data from multiple sensors placed on multiple nodes and transmit data using wireless protocols. The use of IoT has, to a large extent, influenced the efficiency of farming activities by providing accurate use of resources in farming. These smart farming systems are interconnectivity devices such as the moisture in the soil, weather stations, and automated irrigation systems, whereby farmers are able to receive real-time data. It helps farmers in achieving the best practices in crop management; they use water in an efficient way, use fertilizer, and even control pests. However, mechanization also received an improvement through the use of machine learning algorithms and artificial intelligence, which have extended the functionalities of smart farming systems. Such technologies can process a sizable amount of data to estimate crop yield, diagnose crop diseases in their early stages, and give a particular course of action appropriate for a definite field or crop.
Role of Anti-Inflammatory Natural Products against Colon Cancer
Authors: Rajendran Kalidoss , Sahana RK  , Murugan Mariraj , Muthukrishnan P  , Ishaq Haania
Published: February 2025

It is predicted that colorectal cancer (CRC) will be a major global health concern in 2040, with an estimated 3.2 million new cases. The illness is the result of complex interactions between genetic and epigenetic alterations, such as chromosomal instability and mutations. Colorectal cancer is developed in several stages, with adenomatous precursors taking decades to progress to aggressive stages. Risk factors include eating habits, family history, genetic predisposition, and an inactive lifestyle. Epigenetic modifications have a major impact on immune regulation, chemo resistance, and tumor genesis and progression. Treatment options include targeted medications, chemotherapy, and nutraceuticals and phytochemicals from medicinal plants. Other treatment options such as chemotherapy and targeted therapies are also available. Recent research on the molecular mechanisms linking inflammatory responses to carcinogenesis is summarized in this article.
Reuse of Lead Mine Processing Tailings for Ceramic Tiles Production: Zeïda Mine Case Study, Morocco
Authors: Zghari Anouar , Amar Habsaoui , El Hachimi Moulay Laarabi
Published: February 2025

Unrehabilitated abandoned mining sites pose significant risks to the surrounding ecosystems through toxic releases. This study aims to assess the feasibility of converting mine tailings from the processing of lead ore from the abandoned Zeïda mine (Upper Moulouya, Morocco) as an alternative raw material for the production of ceramic tiles by dry pressing. The raw materials were characterized by assessing the chemical composition (lead mine processing tailings, clays, and industrial sodium feldspar), as well as the mineralogical properties and particle size distribution of the lead mine processing tailings. Various formulations were developed by incorporating proportions of mine tailings ranging from 0 to 50%, combined with clays and sodium feldspar. Dry-pressed ceramic materials were characterized for their mechanical properties (modulus of rupture), physical properties (water absorption, density, shrinkage, weight loss on ignition and Surface Morphology). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to identify relationships among the variables related to the properties of the fired manufactured materials. The main properties were evaluated against the industrial standards (ISO 10545 and ISO 13006). The fired products formulated with 10– 20% lead mine processing tailings achieved compliance with group BIIa of ISO 13006, demonstrating a modulus of rupture of 22–25 N/mm² and water absorption of 3–4%, along with favourable other physical properties. This study confirms the feasibility of reusing Zeïda lead mine processing tailings for ceramic tile production, thereby providing a sustainable solution that offers both environmental remediation and economic advantages
Hidden in the mountain: a new rare Syagrus (Arecaceae) with morphological novelties
Authors: Sant’Anna-Santos Bruno Francisco , Lopes Pereira Nunes Elaine , Micheli Rafael , Maria Teodoro Francino Dayana
Published: February 2025

Background and aims – The Serra do Ambrósio is a mountain with a unique vegetation called carrasco. The carrasco is characterised by sandy soils of high granulometry and is home to rare species. During the current research on the Arecaceae flora of the Diamantina Plateau, a new Syagrus species was discovered, which is described here.

Material and methods – The morphology and anatomy are described based on field collections. The pinnae anatomy was analysed using LM (free-hand cross sections). The new species belongs to the Syagrus glaucescens complex, and an identification key and a distribution map were created.

Key results – Syagrus harenae resembles S. glaucescens, but some characteristics easily differentiate it, such as the small size, lax pinnae, symmetric pinnae tips, ramenta scales, a scattered thin indumentum on the peduncle, inflorescences and fruits orangish-yellow, and pistil with indumentum. The new species also possesses flowers arranged in tetrads and pentads and is the first species of Syagrus showing two sepals, petals with imbricate tips, staminodes with anthers, and frequently lacks staminodial rings. The pinnae anatomy of the new species also resembles S. glaucescens, which indicates their relatedness. However, reliable differences in pinnae anatomy set the new species apart, such as the fibrous ring reaching the abaxial hypodermis and the large first adaxial fibre bundle near the margin. The new species is assessed as critically endangered.

Conclusion – Syagrus harenae is the first endemic species of the genus described for the Serra do Ambrósio and possesses striking characteristics, such as the re-greening of the pistillate flowers and flowers arranged in tetrads and pentads. The type population corroborates the Diamantina Plateau and its disjunctions as one of the centres of diversity for Syagrus. The discovery of this new species reinforces the uniqueness of the local flora and its classification as a priority area for conservation.
Socio-cognitive determinants affecting insulin adherence/non-adherence in late adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review
Authors: AlBurno Hanan , Schneider Francine , de Vries Hein , Al Mohanadi Dabia , Jongen Stefan , Mercken Liesbeth
Published: February 2025

Non-adherence to insulin treatment is common in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, the socio-cognitive determinants (SCDs) of adherence in AYAs with T1D are less frequently represented in systematic reviews. This systematic review aimed to investigate the key SCDs associated with adherence/non-adherence to insulin treatment in AYAs in the age range of 17-24 years with T1D. A systematic review in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and PsycINFO was conducted. The search took place from 2021, to January 1st, 2022, and was repeated on June 5-7, 2022 and from July 18 to July 24, 2023. The methodological quality of stud-ies was assessed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies. Six articles representing 973 AYAs with T1D were included for data extraction. The identified SCDs included risk perceptions, attitude, family and friends’ social support, self-efficacy, and information factors. However, there was inconsistency in correlational findings among studies. The identified SCDs influencing insulin adherence in AYAs with T1D could serve as targets for patients’ consultations and tailored interventions to improve adherence and overall health outcomes, as well as for policymakers to integrate these interventions into diabetes care planning. However, further research in the area of factors affecting insulin adherence in quality-designed studies that use detailed and comprehensive measures for assessing adherence is needed.
Hong Kong and Scalable Cultural Security
Authors: Thorne Gabriel
Published: February 2025

This chapter focuses on recent transformations in Hong Kong, arguing that it provides a rich example of the complexity of cultural security in Asia. Framing the changes in Hong Kong society and tensions over local and national politics, the chapter seeks to consider the epistemological assumptions of the term cultural security. Adopting a sociological perspective, it asks how discussions on cultural security can address the everyday life of citizens pursuing self-determination. The frame of scalable cultural security is proposed in order to capture some of the interpretive meaning-making of citizens pursuing self-determination, and their very own and palpable conception of the term. The chapter addresses the 2019 Hong Kong protests and the 2020 introduction of the Hong Kong National Security Law.
Investigating the Effect of Bilge Keel Geometry on Roll Damping Using a Simplified Pendulum Model
Authors: Augustine Elakpa, A , Kingsley Oludi
Published: February 2025

Ship roll motion is a critical aspect of maritime stability and safety, influencing vessel performance, cargo integrity, and passenger comfort. Understanding the dynamic behavior of ships during roll decay is essential for optimizing design and operational safety. This study investigates the roll dynamics of three distinct vessel types—a Fishing Vessel, a Small Cargo Ship, and a Large Tanker—to analyze how size, displacement, and bilge keel configurations influence roll decay, angular velocity, and energy dissipation. The problem lies in understanding how these parameters affect stability across different ship classes. Using numerical simulations, roll motion was modeled for each vessel over a 60-second decay period. Results showed that smaller vessels, such as the Fishing Vessel, exhibited faster roll decay with stabilization occurring within approximately 30 seconds, owing to their lower mass and more efficient energy dissipation (final energy near 0 J). In contrast, the Tanker required over 50 seconds to stabilize, reflecting slower energy dissipation rates and significant inertia (initial energy of ~2.5 × 10⁶ J). The phase diagrams further demonstrated the gradual convergence of roll motion trajectories toward equilibrium for all vessels, highlighting the influence of vessel-specific dynamics. This study provides actionable insights into the effects of vessel design on roll stability, offering recommendations for enhanced bilge keel configurations and supplemental damping systems for larger vessels. These findings contribute to the development of safer and more efficient ship designs, ensuring operational stability across various vessel types.
Vilniaus žemėlapiai XXI amžiaus pradžios lietuviškoje vaikų ir paauglių literatūroje
Authors: Plechavičiūtė Asta
Published: February 2025

XXI a. pradžioje Lietuvoje buvo publikuotos vaikams ir paaugliams skirtos 26 knygos, kurių pagrindinė veiksmo vieta yra Vilnius. Tad svarbus 2023 m. įvykis – Vilniaus vardo paminėjimo 700 metų jubiliejus – yra prasminga proga panagrinėti dar labai mažai tyrinėtą temą – Vilniaus vaizdavimą XXI a. pradžios lietuviškoje vaikų ir paauglių literatūroje. Tyrimo metu ši literatūra sugrupuota į tris kategorijas: 1) Vilniaus įkūrimo mitas, „Vilniaus padavimai“ ir jų maršrutai grožiniuose tekstuose; 2) originalieji prozos tekstų Vilniaus maršrutai; 3) pažintiniai Vilniaus maršrutai. Atliekant literatūros analizę buvo sudaryti ir nupiešti kiekvieno analizuojamo kūrinio literatūriniai žemėlapiai. Suskaičiavus visas vietas, kuriose vyksta tyrimui atrinktų knygų veiksmas, gauta 118 unikalių Vilniaus objektų. Dauguma knygose minimų objektų susitelkę centrinėje miesto dalyje ir tarsi atkartoja patį pirmąjį „Vilniaus padavimų“ (1931 m.) žemėlapį. Šias 118 vaikų ir paauglių literatūroje aprašomas unikalias Vilniaus vietas priskyrus seniūnijoms paaiškėjo, kad šio tipo knygose dažniausiai minimos yra Senamiesčio, Naujamiesčio ir Užupio seniūnijos. Tai visiškai nesutampa su pastarųjų metų demografiniais Vilniaus duomenimis, kuriais remiantis daugiausia jaunųjų skaitytojų gyvena Verkių, Pašilaičių ir Antakalnio seniūnijose. Taip pat labai mažai dėmesio vaikų ir paauglių literatūroje skiriama Rasoms, Naujininkams, Lazdynams, Karoliniškėms, Viršuliškėms ir dar keliems nuo miesto centro labiau nutolusiems mikrorajonams. Vadinasi, dauguma jaunųjų skaitytojų ne tik vyksta į miesto centrą kaip į jiems mažiau iš knygų žinomą teritoriją, bet ir skaitydami šią literatūrą, tikėtina, ne visuomet gali tapatintis su knygų veiksmo erdve kaip su sava, pažįstama, artima.
PRÁTICAS DE LEITURA NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: ESTRATÉGIAS PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA LITERACIA
Authors: Ribeiro Hellen Maura Lucidia , Santos Queila Pereira , Araújo Cláudia Lima de , Freitas Eliene Barbosa do Nascimento de , Silva Fábio Vicentin da , Bueno Edinéia , Coutinho Diógenes José Gusmão
Published: February 2025

O estudo deste artigo busca analisar as práticas de leitura desenvolvidas com alunos do Ensino Fundamental das escolas públicas do Brasil. Dará atenção aos tipos de tipologias textuais utilizadas como abordagem e incentivo à leitura. Analisará quais são os principais pontos de dificuldades encontrados nos alunos no momento de desenvolver/praticar a leitura. A pesquisa deste trabalho investiga de que forma essa defasagem impacta na autoestima, na motivação e no desempenho acadêmico dos estudantes na escola. Nesse ponto de vista, uma das possíveis motivações, a defasagem escolar, se justifica pela questão socioeconômica, pela falta de apoio da família e do poder público, que não desenvolvem ações que colaborem com o êxito escolar dos alunos, oferecendo recursos pedagógicos (material pedagógico e espaço apropriado para desenvolver as práticas educativas) e capacitação para os professores (os educadores também precisam se mobilizar mais, buscando propostas metodológicas “como práticas de intervenção” que agucem o desejo pelo aprender através de cada um de seus alunos), buscando melhorar a autoestima, pois isso oferecerá educação mais equitativa, assim, estimulando a confiança e enriquecendo o conhecimento, proporcionando ensino de qualidade.
UTILITY ACCRUAL OBJECT DISTRIBUTION IN MPSOC REAL-TIME EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Authors: Ellisa Wulan Oktavia  , Nadia Istamala  , Adityanto Adityanto  , Uni W Sagena  , Masjaya Masjaya
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of relocating Indonesia's capital city from Jakarta to East Kalimantan on the local economy, workforce, and associated challenges. Using qualitative methods and descriptive analysis, the findings reveal positive effects such as increased investments and economic growth driven by new infrastructure and heightened economic activity in property, hospitality, and transportation sectors. However, challenges like rising property prices, gentrification, and social changes demand sustainable spatial planning and effective social impact management. Proposed mitigation strategies include thorough planning, social infrastructure development, local economic empowerment, and regular impact monitoring. The capital relocation has the potential to boost local economic growth if managed effectively.
PERLINDUNGAN LINGKUNGAN SOSIAL MELALUI KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK TENTANG KAWASAN TANPA ROKOK (KTR)
Authors: Okinu Rahim  , Juliansyah Juliansyah  , Robiyandi Robiyandi  , Uni W Sagena  , Masjaya Masjaya
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze the implementation, stages, and obstacles in public policies issued by the Kutai Kartanegara Regency government to protect the social environment of the community, through Regent Regulation Number 22 of 2022 concerning Smoke-Free Areas (KTR). This policy aims to reduce exposure to cigarette smoke in public places, in order to improve public health. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative, with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. The focus of this study is on policy analysis, socialization, the establishment of special smoking areas, controlling tobacco advertising, as well as law enforcement and the role of the community. The results of the study indicate that there are challenges in the implementation of the KTR Perbup, including low public awareness, limited resources, and lack of coordination between related parties. This study suggests the need for expanded socialization, strengthening the role of the community, consistent law enforcement, and closer collaboration between government, industry, academics, the community, and the media. With pentahelix synergy, it is hoped that the KTR policy can be more effective in creating a healthier and smoke-free environment in Kutai Kartanegara.
Evaluating reanalysis representations of climatological trace gas distributions in the Asian monsoon tropopause layer
Authors: Wright Jonathon S. , Zhang Shenglong , Chen Jiao , Davis Sean M. , Konopka Paul , Lu Mengqian , Yan Xiaolu , Zhang Guang J.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Trace gas distributions in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) have important radiative and chemical impacts on climate. Although researchers have traditionally shunned direct outputs from reanalysis products at these altitudes, a looming gap in satellite observations may soon render these products essential. Here we use data from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and five meteorological and composition-focused reanalyses to address two questions: Can current reanalyses reproduce essential features of UTLS composition above the Asian summer monsoon (ASM)? If so, do they reproduce these distributions from internal physics or depend on data assimilation? All evaluated reanalyses capture regional water vapor anomalies despite moist biases in the zonal mean. Reanalysis water vapor budgets reveal the expected balance between advective hydration and ‘cold trap’ dehydration near the cold point; however, data assimilation effects are also influential. The scientific utility of reanalysis water vapor fields at these altitudes could be enhanced by suppressing assimilation effects to facilitate the dominant ‘advection–condensation’ balance, as is now done by ECMWF. The two reanalyses that provide CO show good agreement with observed convective enhancement, highlighting the value of including CO-like transport tracers in reanalyses. All five reanalyses also reproduce the seasonal ‘ozone valley’ above the monsoon, at least qualitatively, but the only reanalysis to provide a complete ozone budget relies heavily on data assimilation to do so. The composition reanalyses, with more sophisticated chemistry, provide a better match to ozone observations, but it remains unclear whether they can do so without Aura MLS.
Dust pollution substantially weakens the impact of ammonia emission reduction on particulate nitrate formation
Authors: Lang Hanrui , Zhang Yunjiang , Zhong Sheng , Rao Yongcai , Zhou Minfeng , Qiu Jian , Li Jingyi , Liu Diwen , Couvidat Florian , Favez Olivier , Hauglustaine Didier , Ge Xinlei
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Dust emissions significantly influence air quality and contribute to nitrate aerosol pollution by altering aerosol acidity. Understanding how dust interacts with ammonia emission controls is crucial for managing particulate nitrate pollution, especially in urban areas. In this study, we conducted field measurements of aerosol components and gases across three cities in Eastern China during the spring of 2023. By combining an aerosol thermodynamic model with machine learning, we assessed the contribution of dust to aerosol pH and its impact on nitrate formation. Our results show that changes in ammonia, both in the gas and particle phases, were the main factors affecting aerosol pH, with dust particles contributing to about 7 % of the total pH variation. During dust events, high concentrations of non-volatile ions increased aerosol pH, leading to higher nitrate levels in particulate form. Machine learning analysis revealed that extreme dust storms caused a significant change in aerosol pH, enhancing nitrate partitioning. Further simulations indicated that while reducing ammonia emissions is effective in lowering nitrate levels under normal conditions, this effect is significantly reduced in dust-affected environments. Dust particles act as a buffer, reducing the sensitivity of nitrate formation to ammonia emission reductions. These findings emphasize the need to consider dust pollution when designing strategies for controlling particulate nitrate levels and highlight the complex interactions between dust and anthropogenic emissions.
Global Perspectives on Nitrate Aerosol Dynamics: A Comprehensive Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Milousis Alexandros , Scholz Susanne M. C. , Fuchs Hendrik , Tsimpidi Alexandra P. , Karydis Vlassis A.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. In recent years, nitrate aerosols have emerged as a dominant component of atmospheric composition, surpassing sulfate aerosols in both concentration and climatic impact. However, accurately simulating nitrate aerosols remains a significant challenge for global atmospheric models due to the complexity of their formation and regional variability. This study investigates key factors influencing nitrate aerosol formation to improve simulation accuracy in highly polluted regions. Using the advanced EMAC climate and chemistry model, we assess the effects of grid resolution, emission inventories, and thermodynamic, chemical, and aerosol scavenging processes. The ISORROPIA II thermodynamic model is employed to simulate the formation of inorganic aerosols. Model predictions are compared with surface observations of particulate nitrate in PM1 and PM2.5 size fractions, including PM2.5 data from filter-based observational networks and PM1 data from aerosol mass spectrometer field campaigns across Europe, North America, East Asia, and India. Results show that the model overestimates PM2.5 nitrate concentrations, especially in East Asia, with biases up to a factor of three. Increasing grid resolution, adjusting N2O5 hydrolysis uptake coefficient, and utilizing an appropriate emission database (e.g., CMIP6) improve performance. However, these adjustments do not necessarily enhance PM1 predictions, which remain underestimated, especially in urban downwind sites. Seasonal variations and diurnal trends reveal discrepancies in model performance, especially in Europe and urban downwind locations. In Europe, model bias is driven by an unrealistically sharp decrease in nitrate aerosol levels from morning maxima to evening minima. Sensitivity tests show relatively small impact on total tropospheric nitrate burden, with variations within 25 %.
Distribution of alkylamines in surface waters around the Antarctic Peninsula and Weddell Sea
Authors: Rocchi Arianna , Fitzsimons Mark F. , Akenga Preston , Sotomayor Ana , Sà Elisabet L. , Güell-Bujons Queralt , Vila Magda , Castillo Yaiza M. , Dall’Osto Manuel , Vaqué Dolors , Wohl Charel , Simó Rafel , Berdalet Elisa
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Small molecular weight alkylamines, organic nitrogen compounds present in the surface ocean, participate in the marine biogeochemical nitrogen cycle, atmospheric processes and cloud formation. Alkylamines have been detected in polar regions, suggesting that these areas constitute emission hotspots of these compounds. However, knowledge of the sea surface distribution patterns and factors controlling alkylamines remains limited due to their high reactivity and low concentrations, which hamper accurate measurements. We investigated the presence and distribution of alkylamines in waters around the Antarctic Peninsula and the northern Weddell Sea during the late austral summer and explored their potential links to marine microbiota. Alkylamines were ubiquitous in all samples measured, accounting for ~2 % of the dissolved and particulate organic nitrogen pool. The unique particulate form found was trimethylamine (TMA), detected for the first time in Antarctic waters accounting for 9.7 ± 4.6 nM. We efficiently measured dissolved trimethylamine (TMA, 20.9 ± 15.2 nM), dimethylamine (DMA, 32.3 ± 32.7 nM) and diethylamine (DEA, 7.2 ± 1.7 nM) across the surveyed area, while dissolved monomethylamine (MMA, 12.7 ± 0.1 nM) remained below detection limit in most samples. Our findings reveal spatial variations in alkylamine concentrations that did not align with the overall phytoplankton biomass but with specific components. TMA was predominantly associated with, and released from, nanophytoplankton. DMA was likely produced by the degradation of TMA or trimethylamine oxide by nanophytoplankton cells or associated bacteria. The sources of DEA remain unclear but were suggestive of a distinct biogeochemical pathway from those of TMA and DMA. MMA is thought to primarily originate from bacterial degradation of nitrogen-based osmolytes or amino acids, but detection in too few samples precluded any robust association with microbiota. This study reveals that volatile alkylamines are widespread in Antarctic surface waters, where they are primarily sourced from nanophytoplankton cells and associated heterotrophic bacteria and protists.
Opinion: Improved scientific discourse and quality assurance by
interactive open access publishing with community-based
multi-stage open peer review in an open science landscape
Authors: Ervens Barbara , Carslaw Ken S. , Koop Thomas , Pöschl Ulrich
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Scientific discourse and quality assurance can be improved by open science through public peer review and community discussion of preprints on open access (OA) publishing platforms. Over 25 years, the viability and benefits of this approach have been proven by the interactive OA journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP) and 18 other journals published by the European Geosciences Union (EGU) and the scientific service provider Copernicus Publications. The success of the EGU journals employing multi-stage open peer review reflects the attractiveness and benefits of community-driven, interactive OA publishing, including high scientific quality and impact, efficient self-regulation, low cost and financial sustainability. Since 2001, EGU has published over 50 000 journal articles, 60 000 preprints, and 250 000 interactive comments, utilizing and integrating different financing models of OA (green, gold, diamond/platinum). The EGU interactive OA journals are linked to the OA repository and interactive community platform EGUsphere and to the virtual scientific highlight magazine EGU Letters, integrating different levels of scientific communication and exchange. The EGU publications combine multiple features of open science, including different forms of open peer review and community evaluation with open access, open data, and open source elements tailored to the needs and preferences of different disciplines. We review the approach, achievements and future perspectives of interactive OA publishing (including transformative/institutional agreements and AI/ML tools) and its contribution to a universal epistemic web that captures the scientific discourse and comprehensively documents what we know, how well we know it, and where the limitations are.
Learning to filter: Snow data assimilation using a Long Short-Term Memory network
Authors: Blandini Giulia , Avanzi Francesco , Campo Lorenzo , Gabellani Simone , Aalstad Kristoffer , Girotto Manuela , Yamaguchi Satoru , Hirashima Hiroyuki , Ferraris Luca
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Trustworthy estimates of snow water equivalent and snow depth are essential for water resource management in snow-dominated regions. While ensemble-based data assimilation techniques, such as the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF), are commonly used in this context to combine model predictions with observations therefore to improve model performance, these ensemble methods are computationally demanding and thus face significant challenges when integrated into time-sensitive operational workflows. To address this challenge, we present a novel approach for data assimilation in snow hydrology by utilizing Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. By leveraging data from 7 diverse study sites across the world to train the algorithm on the output of an EnKF, the proposed framework aims to further unlock the use of data assimilation in snow hydrology by balancing computational efficiency and complexity. We found that a LSTM-based data assimilation framework achieves comparable performance to state estimation based on an EnKF in improving open-loop estimates with only a small performance drop in terms of RMSE for snow water equivalent (+ 6 mm on average) and snow depth (+ 6 cm), respectively. All but 2 out of 14 LSTM site specific configurations improved on the Open Loop estimates. The inclusion of a memory component further enhanced LSTM stability and performance, particularly in situations of data sparsity. When trained on long datasets (25 years), this LSTM data assimilation approach also showed promising spatial transferability, with less than a 20 % reduction in accuracy for snow water equivalent and snow depth estimation. Once trained, the framework is computationally efficient, achieving a 70 % reduction in computational time compared to a parallelized EnKF. Training this new data assimilation approach on data from multiple sites showed that its performance is robust across various climate regimes, during dry and average water-year types, with only a limited drop in performance compared to the EnKF (+6 mm RMSE for SWE and +18 cm RMSE for snow depth). This work paves the way for the use of deep learning for data assimilation in snow hydrology and provides novel insights into efficient, scalable, and less computationally demanding modeling framework for operational applications.
Uncertainties in the finite-time Lyapunov exponent in an ocean ensemble prediction model
Authors: Matuszak Mateusz , Röhrs Johannes , Isachsen Pål Erik , Idžanović Martina
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs) are transient features in the ocean circulation that describe particle transport, revealing information about transport barriers and accumulation or dispersion regions. The method of finite-time Lyapunov exponents (FTLEs) uses Lagrangian data to approximate LCSs under certain conditions. In this study FTLEs are used to characterize flow field features in a high-resolution regional ocean forecast system. Generally, trajectory simulations, such as Lagrangian trajectories, inherit uncertainty from the underlying ocean model, bearing substantial uncertainties as a result of chaotic and turbulent flow fields. As the FTLE characterizes the flow, which may impact particle transport, we aim to investigate the uncertainty of FTLE fields at any given time using an ensemble prediction system (EPS) to propagate velocity field uncertainty into the FTLE analysis. In addition, velocity fields often evolve rapidly in time, and we therefore also evaluate the time variability of FTLE fields. We find that averaging over ensemble members can reveal robust FTLE ridges, i.e., FTLE ridges that exist across ensemble realizations. Likewise, time averaging can reveal persistent FTLE ridges, i.e., ridges that occur over extended periods of time. In addition, large-scale FTLE ridges are more robust and persistent than small-scale ridges. Averaging of FTLE fields is thus effective at removing short-lived and unpredictable structures and may provide the means to employ FTLE analysis in forecasting applications that require the ability to separate uncertain from certain flow features.
Selected Salivary Antioxidant Levels in Relation with Periodontal Diseases
Authors: Khair Al-Deen Banoosh Alayoubi Sulafa
Published: February 2025

Objective: Gingivitis and periodontitis are the most common types of periodontal diseases, which are chronic inflammatory conditions encompassing many other conditions. These arise because of the interaction between a pathogenic bacterial biofilm and inflammatory chemicals and cells produced from the host.
Materials and Methods: A sample of 50 individuals (18 males and 32 females) aged 19-30 years old, treated at the health center of Efraz, Samarra city, was recruited. Plaque index was measured to determine dental plaque thickness. A calculus index was measured as well. Salivary uric acid and salivary total protein content were assessed chemically using unstimulated saliva. The statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 21 was used to examine all data.
Results and Conclusion: No associations were found between periodontal diseases and uric acid and salivary total protein content.