bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Ainda que no exercício sucedam mortes e cortamento de membros”: D. Manuel Álvares da Costa e a discussão jurídica da subdelegação do governo das armas durante a Guerra dos Mascates (1710-1711)
Authors: Viana da Fonseca Marcos Arthur
Published: October 2023

A historiografia recente tem apontado para a importância do surgimento de ideias políticas e jurídicas nos territórios ultramarinos. Por meio da apropriação ou da seleção de conceitos, agentes régios fundamentaram os seus interesses em autores e doutrinas jurídicas fundamentadas no direito comum. No caso dos governantes ultramarinos, parte destas interpretações tinham por objetivo ampliar a jurisdição ordinária que estas autoridades recebiam da Coroa. Por causa da distância ultramarina, muitos monarcas delegaram partes de sua jurisdição aos governadores, para que exercessem com maior plenitude o ofício para o qual haviam sido nomeados. Situações inesperadas, entretanto, poderiam desencadear soluções inusitadas por parte destas autoridades, na ausência de instruções precisas da monarquia. Deste modo, destaca-se que algumas jurisdições fundamentais poderiam ser concedidas especificamente a determinadas autoridades como os governadores-gerais ou vice-reis da Índia, tais como o direito de declarar guerra ou proclamar pazes, de acordo com instruções regimentais. No entanto, as conjunturas dos territórios ultramarinos poderiam demandar que os governadores e capitães-mores agissem de imediato, sem instruções precisas da monarquia. Desta forma, por meio de um estudo de caso, este trabalho pretende analisar como o bispo de Pernambuco, na condição de governador interino, mobilizou a produção de manifestos jurídicos para legitimar a subdelegação de jurisdição do seu ofício. O evento ocorreu durante a administração interina do bispo de Pernambuco D. Manuel Álvares da Costa (1710-1711), durante o conflito conhecido como Guerra dos Mascates. A partir de dois manifestos jurídicos escritos por partidários do bispo durante o seu governo, pretende-se analisar os argumentos utilizados pelo prelado e seus apoiadores para legitimar e justificar a subdelegação de jurisdição régia em uma junta militar, mesmo sem prévia autorização da Coroa.
Possibilidades e limites de ascensão social através da guerra: a trajetória de “um soldado que por mais de 50 anos serviu com dedicação e lealdade à pátria e ao monarca” (Cruz Alta/RS, c. 1840-1867)
Authors: Bastos Neto Ernesto Pereira
Published: October 2023

Durante o século XIX, no extremo-sul do Império do Brasil, as guerras frequentes permitiram a atualização da tradição do Antigo Regime português de recompensar os súditos que prestassem bons serviços militares. O objetivo deste artigo é acompanhar as transformações desta prática ao longo das décadas intermediárias do século XIX. Optou-se pela análise da trajetória de um personagem, cuja vida foi marcada por atividades bélicas. Inspirado na micro-história italiana, o estudo toma um nome como bússola nos arquivos, compulsando-se uma variedade de documentos de origem diversa, a fim de reconstituir contextos em que o personagem estudado efetivamente se apresentou. O artigo analisa em detalhe indícios das estratégias que possibilitaram episódios de ascensão social do biografado, assim como limites possíveis destas estratégias, evidenciados por situações de ostracismo que experimentou. A trajetória que emerge, portanto, se afasta de pressupostos de linearidade, destacando-se a interdependência entre indivíduos nas redes de reciprocidade que estabeleciam e as negociações cotidianas que empreendiam diante de estruturas sociais que condicionavam, mas não determinavam, as suas ações e os sentidos que a elas atribuíam.
A questão imigratória na revista Diretrizes: um reflexo da disputa editorial entre Azevedo Amaral e Samuel Wainer
Authors: Resende Yuri Barbosa
Published: October 2023

Neste artigo analisamos as ideias defendidas pelo diretor da revista Diretrizes, Azevedo Amaral, a respeito da imigração e da presença dos chamados “quistos coloniais” no interior do país, comparando-as com as opiniões publicadas por outros colaboradores do periódico, em particular seu sócio Samuel Wainer, entre os meses de abril e outubro de 1938. Pretendemos demonstrar que esses temas suscitaram divergências na redação, uma vez que Wainer e outros colaboradores assinaram textos com perspectivas antagônicas àquelas apresentadas por Amaral. Ao passo que este defendia uma política imigratória dirigida, fundamentada em preceitos eugenistas e cujo objetivo era branquear a população brasileira, além de recorrentemente avalizar decretos editados pelo governo federal sobre essas questões, Wainer e outros redatores, na contramão, manifestavam opiniões favoráveis a uma legislação imigratória menos restritiva, argumentando em prol da abertura irrestrita dos portos, sobretudo aos refugiados, e das comunidades de imigrantes e descendentes instaladas no país.
Entrevista com o professor Leonardo Marques (UFF)
Authors: Corrêa e Silva de Freitas Camila , David Siqueira Ferreira Antônio Mário , Saint Williams Rachel
Published: October 2023

Entrevista realizada por e-mail, entre os dias 31 de maio e 16 de julho de 2023, para o dossiê “A cor local: Ideias e discursos em contextos coloniais (XVI-XVIII) – recepção, reelaboração, produção”, da Revista Maracanan.
COLEÓPTERA (INSECTA) BIOINDICADORA DA QUALIDADE AMBIENTAL EM UM FRAGMENTO FLORESTAL NO MUNICÍPIO DE ABAETETUBA-PA
Authors: Pinheiro Júnior Edison Cardoso , Silva Natanael Charles da
Published: October 2023

Os artrópodes, em especial os insetos, são altamente sensíveis a mudanças ambientais, sendo considerados excelentes bioindicadores. Diante disso, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi conhecer a entomofauna de coleópteros bioindicadores de um fragmento florestal no município de Abaetetuba-PA e avaliar a qualidade ambiental deste fragmento de acordo com as características dos indivíduos coletados. Para coletar os espécimes, utilizou-se armadilhas pitfall como método de coleta passiva e puçá entomológico como método de coleta ativa. O esforço amostral teve uma duração de seis meses, totalizando 21 coletas por cada método. Foi possível coletar espécimes de 8 famílias diferentes, das quais seis são consideradas boas indicadoras ambientais (Curculionidae, Carabidae, Coccinellidae, Scarabaeidae, Cerambycidae e Chrysomelidae), sendo a família Scarabaeidae (52,87%) a mais abundante. A presença das famílias bioindicadoras apontam para a existência de degradação no local, porém não demostram indícios de poluição acentuada, além de indicar uma possível recuperação da borda com tendência ao aumento da complexidade do ecossistema.
AVALIAÇÃO DE MÉTODOS DE AGRUPAMENTOS EM DADOS DE BIOMASSA CONSIDERANDO OS DIFERENTES TIPOS DE PIRÓLISE
Authors: De Oliveira de Souza Sabrinna Rodrigues , Xavier Vinicius Layter , Guedes Raquel Escrivani , Torres Alexandre Rodrigues , Luna Aderval Severino , Provenza Marcello Montillo
Published: October 2023

Este estudo aborda um problema de classificação de dados de Biomassa e tem como um dos objetivos identificar as variáveis mais relevantes para a classificação do tipo de pirólise de Biomassa. Além disso, o trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar se as classes dos tipos de pirólise são suficientes para caracterizar esse processo químico. O algoritmo de Floresta Aleatória foi aplicado para identificar quais variáveis são mais relevantes no processo de classificação do tipo de pirólise, obtendo uma acurácia em torno de 97%. Foi identificado que as variáveis mais importantes são: Tempo de residência médio no reator para o gás e de arraste, Porcentagem de carbono em base seca livre de cinza na matéria-prima, Tamanho da partícula média no reator e Porcentagem de hidrogênio em base seca livre de cinza na matéria-prima. Com o subgrupo das variáveis mais relevantes, os seguintes métodos de agrupamentos foram utilizados: k-means, pam, clara, diana, fanny, hierárquico, som, sota, model. Para avaliar os métodos de agrupamentos, foram utilizadas as medidas de validação interna com as métricas de índice Dunn e silhouette. As medidas de validação indicaram o agrupamento hierárquico e k-means com os melhores resultados para número de grupos maior do que o número de classes de pirólise já existentes. Desta forma, o conjunto de dados deve ser dividido em um número maior de grupos de tipo de pirólise, pois considerar apenas as classes disponíveis é muito limitado para caracterizar o tipo de pirólise, uma vez que os algoritmos de classificação não supervisionados aplicados indicam que o ideal seria o número de agrupamentos serem maiores ou iguais a cinco.
Delayed antenatal care and associated factors among pregnant women attending health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Boka Abdissa , Alemu Mergitu , Gela Debela
Published: October 2023

Background/Aims

Antenatal care aims to identify and treat pregnancy-related problems that can harm either the mother or fetus. The objective of this study was to evaluate delays to the first antenatal care visit, and factors associated with a delay, among pregnant women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods

An institutional cross-sectional study design was used, with a sample of 403 pregnant women. Data were gathered using a pretested, structured interview questionnaire that asked for participants' sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, their access to information and support, and their attendance at antenatal care. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis was done to assess association with delays to attendance at antenatal care.

Results

The majority of participants attended their first antenatal care visit later than is recommended (61.5%). Factors significantly associated with delayed attendance included being aged 25–49 years (adjusted odds ratio=2.17, P<0.01), being unmarried (adjusted odds ratio=1.78, P=0.03), having a husband who was unable to read and write (adjusted odds ratio=2.12, P=0.006), being a housewife (adjusted odds ratio=3.36, P=0.04), having a parity higher than 5 (adjusted odds ratio=3.47, P=0.03), having had an unplanned pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio=1.74, P=0.05), not having been counselled about early antenatal care (adjusted odds ratio=1.70, P=0.02) and having no financial support (adjusted odds ratio=1.99, P=0.01).

Conclusions

Several factors were found to be associated with delays in attending antenatal care among women in Addis Ababa. The Addis Ababa Health Bureau and sub-city health departments should strengthen efforts to improve awareness of the importance of early attendance at antenatal care.
Slicker Cities
Authors: Smith David
Published: October 2023

More e-scooters and bicycles on our streets mean lower carbon emissions and better last-mile connections, but with them come new traffic management and safety challenges, as David Smith discovers
Automatic for the People
Authors: Roper Jack
Published: October 2023

Increasing disquiet about the seeming inevitability of deaths on US roads, which have by far the poorest safety record of the G7 nations, is leading to a change in attitudes towards automated enforcement on highways, which is still not legally allowed in most states. Jack Roper and Tom Stone find out more as they investigate a groundbreaking pilot in Connecticut
The importance of peri-anaesthetic temperature management: part 1
Authors: Kershaw Tawny
Published: October 2023

Temperature management is a vital but often overlooked area of anaesthesia. By nature, anaesthetics inhibit the area of the brain responsible for maintaining normothermia, and many anaesthetic drugs exacerbate heat loss through vasodilation. Both hypothermia and hyperthermia can manifest under anaesthesia and present life-threatening changes to the patient's normal homeostatic mechanisms. This series of articles will discuss the risk factors, prevention methods and complications associated with hypothermia and hyperthermia.
Reviewing the emotional climates of student veterinary nurses completing industry placements
Authors: Reynolds Helen , Reynolds-Golding Sarah
Published: October 2023

Background:

Student veterinary nurses (SVNs) are required to complete industry placements as part of their training. Veterinary nurse education helps prepare students theoretically and practically. This study examines how SVNs, from two cohorts of a foundation degree course in veterinary nursing from one education provider, felt during their industrial placement year and whether the preparatory support was sufficient during their time in veterinary practice.

Aim:

There is little reporting of the emotions SVNs face prior to starting and following completion of their work placements and how educational interventions may have a positive impact on their experiences. The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of SVNs' emotions pre- and post-work placement to help identify if there is a need for more targeted educational interventions during their studies to help them better prepare emotionally for the experiences they may face during their placements.

Methods:

An online questionnaire was given to two foundation degree level 5 SVN cohorts during placement (pre and post) in academic years 2019–20 and 2020–21. In total, 54 responses were submitted to 22 questions (pre-placement) and 41 responses to 58 questions (post-placement).

Findings:

The top three positive emotions were happiness, excitement and confidence. The top three negative emotions were sadness, anxiety and stress. The results indicated that students could benefit from protected time with their mentors and required clearer expectations prior to starting their industry placement and further support, particularly around animal euthanasia and building resilience. Limitations of the study included that the mid-study interventions that aimed to support the students may have impacted the results and, due to anonymity, we are unable to compare individual pre- and post-placement response rates.

Conclusion:

Education providers could be doing more to provide SVNs with a toolkit to becoming emotionally agile and resilient so as to help SVNs emotional wellbeing and preparatory support with their industry placement year.
Free as A Bird: Nature as Freedom and Interval in Karl Marx’s Capital
Authors: Chalmers Christina
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Marx’s concept of bird-freedom or Vogelfreiheit— drawn from German legal history in which it meant “outlaw status” — describes the situation of free labor as “doubly free”: not enslaved as well as landless. The metaphorical valences of his satirical emphasis on the cynicism of the idea of “free labor” returns in many of Marx’s other satirical reworkings of concepts which refer to the state of nature. This essay looks at two such concepts engaged in explaining the process of “primitive accumulation” in Capital , Volume 1: the notion of the idyll (“idyllic relations” or “idyllic proceedings”) and the notion of outlawry as “bird-freedom.” The essay exemplifies the ways in which both moments constitute “natural-historical images,” in Theodor Adorno’s terms: a concept of hybridity, historical texture, and transition that might add to the scholarship on Marx’s philosophy of nature.
Jerusalem, the Holy Land, and Greekness in Ouranis, Kazantzakis, Sikelianos, and Seferis during the Period of the British Mandate for Palestine
Authors: Konstantinou Ariadne
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Representations of Jerusalem and the Holy Land during the time of the British Mandate in Palestine (1918–1948) appear in the works of four modern Greek authors of the interwar period: Ouranis, Kazantzakis, Sikelianos, and Seferis. Their works encompass different genres—travel writing (Ouranis and Kazantzakis), diaries (Sikelianos and Seferis), and poetry (Seferis)—and foreground questions about religion and religiosity, identity, class struggle, and modernization. The landscape of the Holy Land turns out to be different, foreign, sometimes even completely desolate, and this realization initiates a process of remembering which ultimately takes the Greek authors back to the familiar places they apparently call home: the Aegean Sea and the Acropolis.
Currency as an Imprint of the Nation-State: Monetary Conditions in the Ottoman Empire at the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century and the Transition from Ottoman Currencies to the Phoenix of the Hellenic State (1828)
Authors: Brégianni Catherine
Published: October 2023

Abstract: The economic decline of the Ottoman Empire was fundamental in various ways to the outbreak and progress of the Greek Revolution. The first attempts to create a national currency during the Greek Revolution reflect efforts to craft a modern state, and the eventual introduction of the phoenix by the first governor of the Hellenic State, Ioannis Capodistrias, underscores the shift to a newborn nation-state. The contradictions of Capodistrias’s monetary policy, however, reflected social antagonisms within Greece.
The Fate of the Properties of the Executed/Escaped Greek Cypriots of July 1821 according to Ottoman Documents
Authors: Dinç Güven
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Within a short time, the Greek Revolt of 1821 deeply affected the island of Cyprus. Unlike in the other islands, the rebellion on Cyprus was over before it started owing to the severe measures taken against the rebels by Governor Mehmed Agha, who requested an edict from the sultan listing the names of prominent Greeks to execute. Many Greeks left the island for fear of execution, but some could not. According to Ottoman documents, there were 98 proscribed Cypriots, of whom 75 were executed; the other 23 escaped. In accordance with Ottoman law, the properties of the executed or escaped were first confiscated and then auctioned, with the proceeds transferred to the Public Treasury. But most of the executed or escaped Greeks were not wealthy, and claims by European consuls on the proceeds from the confiscated goods continued for many years.
Fantine in the Belle Époque: Representation of the Fille-Mère in L'Assiette au beurre (1902) and Marcelle Tinayre's La Rebelle (1905)
Authors: Bryan Kathryn
Published: October 2023

Abstract: This article reads depictions of the fille-mère as a vehicle for the expression of anxieties surrounding representation of marginal female figures and freedom of the press in the Belle Époque. It looks to two texts, exploring how these fictional unmarried mothers differ from Hugo's Fantine, the archetype of the fille-mère , earlier in the nineteenth century. After an overview of welfare support for unmarried mothers in the long nineteenth century, the author provides close and intermedial readings of a 1902 issue of L'Assiette au Beurre and Marcelle Tinayre's La Rebelle (1905), focusing on the limits of representation of these non-conforming women.
Proximities and Cross-Species Empathies in Laura Jean McKay's The Animals in That Country
Authors: Phillips Jessica
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: This essay asks: what is the value of cross-species empathy in a time of ecological crisis and how can contemporary fiction help along new thinking about human relationships with other animals? I make the case that empathy, in the dominant sense, fetishizes closeness. Empathy has become positive and valuable because it is said to narrow the distance between self and others. I develop the idea that the dominant view of empathy gives limited consideration to how degrees and kinds of difference complicate this view, while disregarding the enduring presence of other animals in scientific and philosophical treatments of empathy. In my close reading, I examine a concept routinely connected to empathy in existing scholarship: proximity. I investigate how different kinds of proximities manifest and complicate empathies between humans and other animals in Laura Jean's 2020 novel, The Animals in That Country . My methodology differs from traditional treatments of empathy in Literary Studies in two significant ways. First, I do not define cross-species empathy upfront, but look to McKay's text to produce new ways of thinking about empathy through the different kinds of proximities (spatial, linguistic, geographical, species) that unfold. And second, I do not examine how a reader's empathy for humans or other animals is encouraged or stifled by the text. Rather, I view McKay's text, as an art form and a critical tool, as David Herman instructs, "for reconsidering—for critiquing or reaffirming, dismantling, or reconstructing" what cross-species can be and do in the here and now.
Temporal fluctuations in defocus may reverse the acuity loss encountered with induced refractive errors
Authors: Goswami Sabyasachi , Bharadwaj Shrikant R.
Published: October 2023

A recent template-matching model hypothesized that simulated visual acuity loss with uncorrected refractive errors may be recovered by adding temporal defocus fluctuations up to the magnitude of the refractive error. Acuity recovery saturates or gets attenuated beyond this magnitude. These predictions were confirmed for monocular high-contrast visual acuity of 10 young, cyclopleged adults with 0.5–2.0D of induced myopia combined with the same range of temporal defocus fluctuations at 4.0 Hz frequency. The outcomes reinforce that spatial resolution may be optimized by averaging time-varying defocus over the entire stimulus presentation epoch or around the point of least defocus within this epoch.
Homodyne-detection-based discrete-variable quantum key distribution with a heralded single-photon source
Authors: Du Yongqiang , Lin Guangshen , Li Yongkang , Zhang Zhenrong , Wei Kejin
Published: October 2023

Discrete-variable quantum key distribution (DV-QKD) has recently been implemented using a homodyne detection system, and a notable secret key rate can be achieved by employing an ideal single-photon source. However, most QKD implementations employ practical light sources, including a phase-randomized weak coherent source and a heralded single-photon source, which occasionally produce multiphotons and are vulnerable to photon-number-splitting (PNS) attacks. In this work, we propose a three-decoy-state method using a heralded single-photon source for homodyne-detection-based DV-QKD, thus making it immune to PNS attacks with current technology. Our simulation results demonstrate that our proposed protocol can achieve high-speed and secure key distribution over metropolitan distances. Our work paves a cost-effective path to realize DV-QKD and further incorporate it into classical telecommunication networks.
Design of a multi-core photonic crystal fiber supporting 518 OAM modes
Authors: Liu Qiang , Han Mingzhu , Mu Haiwei , Liu Wei , Li Wenjing , Wang Kaiyu , Ma Chao , Lv Jingwei , Chu Paul K. , Liu Chao
Published: October 2023

A multi-ring core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with seven high-index ring regions is designed for the transmission of multiple orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes. The new structure which has an optimized air hole arrangement shows improved transmission quantity and number of OAM modes. Numerical analysis reveals that the PCF can transmit 518 OAM modes in the range of 1.4–1.75 µm stably while avoiding cross talk from the adjacent ring core resulting in a low cross talk of merely −208.5dB, confinement loss less than 10−9dB/m, as well as mode quality greater than 0.925. The results disclose a new method to increase the communication capacity and suggest that the PCF has great application potential.
16QAM OFDM-PON based on polar code and CCDM joint chaotic encryption
Authors: Zhong Yanchi , Liu Bo , Ren Jianxin , Ullah Rahat , Wu Xiangyu , Bai Yu , Mao Yaya , Li Ying , Wu Yongfeng , Zhao Lilong
Published: October 2023

A new optical transmitting scheme based on chaotic constant component distribution matcher (CCDM) and Polar coding was proposed. The data is first encrypted by Polar coding using a five-dimensional chaotic sequence. Then the encrypted data is divided into two paths to perform chaotic CCDM encryption operations with different schemes. Finally, the two channels are merged, and the subcarriers are scrambled. The transmission experiment of 16QAM-OFDM signal on 2 km seven-core fiber is conducted to verify the scheme's feasibility. The experimental results show that the received optical power of all ONUs is less than −15dBm when the BER of all ONUs is reduced to less than 10−3. In addition, the key space of the proposed system reaches 1085, and the security performance is further enhanced. The advantages of BER and safety performance make this two-path chaotic encrypted OFDM-PON with an optimistic application prospect in the current optical transmission systems.
Real-time computer-generated integral imaging light field displays: revisiting the point retracing rendering method from a signal processing perspective
Authors: Qin Zong , Cheng Yunfan , Dong Jiaqi , Qiu Yuqing , Yang Wenchao , Yang Bo-Ru
Published: October 2023

Integral imaging light field displays (InIm-LFDs) can provide realistic 3D images by showing an elemental image array (EIA) under a lens array. However, it is always challenging to computationally generate an EIA in real-time with entry-level computing hardware because the current practice that projects many viewpoints to the EIA induces heavy computations. This study discards the viewpoint-based strategy, revisits the early point retracing rendering method, and proposes that InIm-LFDs and regular 2D displays share two similar signal processing phases: sampling and reconstructing. An InIm-LFD is demonstrated to create a finite number of static voxels for signal sampling. Each voxel is invariantly formed by homogeneous pixels for signal reconstructing. We obtain the static voxel-pixel mapping through arbitrarily accurate raytracing in advance and store it as a lookup table (LUT). Our EIA rendering method first resamples input 3D data with the pre-defined voxels and then assigns every voxel’s value to its homogeneous pixels through the LUT. As a result, the proposed method reduces the computational complexity by several orders of magnitude. The experimental rendering speed is as fast as 7 to 10 ms for a full-HD EIA frame on an entry-level laptop. Finally, considering a voxel may not be perfectly integrated by its homogeneous pixels, called the sampling error, the proposed and conventional viewpoint-based methods are analyzed in the Fourier domain. We prove that even with severe sampling errors, the two methods negligibly differ in the output signal’s frequency spectrum. We expect the proposed method to break the long-standing tradeoff between rendering speed, accuracy, and system complexity for computer-generated integral imaging.
Phase-matched locally chiral light for global control of chiral light–matter interaction
Authors: Ye Chong , Sun Yifan , Fu Libin , Zhang Xiangdong
Published: October 2023

Locally chiral light is an emerging tool for probing and controlling molecular chirality. It can generate large and freely adjustable enantioselectivities in purely electric-dipole effects, offering its major advantages over traditional chiral light. However, the existing types of locally chiral light are phase-mismatched, and thus the global efficiencies are greatly reduced compared with the maximum single-point efficiencies or even vanish. Here, we propose a scheme to generate phase-matched locally chiral light. To confirm this advantage, we numerically show the robust highly efficient global control of enantiospecific electronic state transfer of methyloxirane at nanoseconds. Our work potentially constitutes the starting point for developing more efficient chiroptical techniques for the studies of chiral molecules.
Validity and reliability of the international physical activity questionnaire short form in Chilean adults
Authors: Balboa-Castillo Teresa , Muñoz Sergio , Serón Pamela , Andrade-Mayorga Omar , Lavados-Romo Pamela , Aguilar-Farias Nicolás
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to determine the test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) in Chilean adults.

Methods

A cross-sectional validation study was carried out on 161 adults aged between 35 and 65, selected from a population-based study in Temuco, Chile. IPAQ-SF was completed twice, seven days apart, to analyze the test-retest reliability with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Objective PA was assessed by accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X+) for seven consecutive days. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to determine the reliability. Spearman correlation coefficients (rho) and Bland-Altman plots were calculated to assess validity.

Results

144 subjects (52.5 ± 8.8 years, 53.9% men) answered the IPAQ-SF on both occasions and had valid accelerometry data. The IPAQ-SF showed moderate reliability for sitting time (ICC = 0.62), while it was poor for walking (ICC = 0.40), moderate PA (ICC = 0.41), vigorous PA (ICC = 0.48), and total PA (ICC = 0.33). There were weak correlations between IPAQ-SF and accelerometry for sedentary behavior (rho = 0.28, p = 0.0005), walking (rho = 0.11, p = 0.17), moderate PA (rho = 0.13, p = 0.128), vigorous PA (rho = 0.18, p = 0.03), and total PA (rho = 0.26, p = 0.002).

Conclusions

The results suggest that the IPAQ-SF test and retest would provide an acceptable measure of total SB and MVPA, and a weak correlation between IPAQ-SF and accelerometer.
The United States dried seahorse trade: A comparison of traditional Chinese medicine and ecommerce-curio markets using molecular identification
Authors: Boehm J. T. , Bovee Eric , Harris Stephen E. , Eddins Kathryn , Akahoho Ishmael , Foster Marcia , Pell Susan K. , Hickerson Michael J. , Amato George , DeSalle Rob , Waldman John
Published: October 2023

Tens of millions of dried seahorses (genus Hippocampus) are traded annually, and the pressure from this trade along with their life history traits (involved parental care and small migration distances and home ranges) has led to near global population declines. This and other forms of overexploitation have led to all seahorse species being listed in Appendix II under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). The signatory nations of CITES recommended a 10-cm size limit of seahorses to ensure harvested individuals have reached reproductive maturity, and have thus had the chance to produce offspring, to maintain a more sustainable global seahorse fishery. We assessed adherence to CITES recommendations using DNA barcoding and size measurements to compare two prominent U.S. dried seahorse markets: (1) traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and (2) non-medicinal ecommerce and coastal curio (ECC). We also estimated U.S. import abundance from CITES records. Of the nine species identified among all samples (n = 532), eight were found in the TCM trade (n = 168); composed mostly (75%) of the Indo-Pacific species Hippocampus trimaculatus, and Hippocampus spinosissimus, and the Latin American Hippocampus ingens. In contrast, ECC samples (n = 344) included 5 species, primarily juvenile Indo-Pacific Hippocampus kuda (51.5%) and the western Atlantic Hippocampus zosterae (40.7). The majority of TCM samples (85.7%) met the CITES size recommendation, in contrast to 4.8% of ECC samples. These results suggest non-size discriminatory bycatch is the most likely source of imported ECC specimens. In addition, CITES records indicate that approximately 602,275 dried specimens were imported into the U.S. from 2004–2020, but the exact species composition remains unknown as many U.S. imports records list one species or Hippocampus spp. from confiscated shipments due to difficulties in morphological identification and large numbers of individuals per shipment. Molecular identification was used to identify the species composition of confiscated shipment imports containing undesignated species, and similar to TCM, found H. trimaculatus and H. spinosissimus the most abundant. By combining DNA barcoding, size comparisons, and CITES database records, these results provide an important glimpse into the two primary dried U.S. seahorse end-markets, and may further inform the conservation status of several Hippocampus species.
Comparative analysis between different volumetric methods on measuring intracranial hemorrhage incorporating roundness index
Authors: Chaidee Supanut , Inkeaw Papangkorn , Makee Thampaphon , Khamyod Kamoltip , Angkurawaranon Salita , Traisathit Patrinee , Vaniyapong Tanat , Chitapanarux Imjai
Published: October 2023

Intracranial hematoma (ICH) volume is considered a predictor of clinical outcome and mortality rate in ICH patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The ABC/2 method for ICH volume is the standard method used to date, however, its level of accuracy has been questioned in some studies. This study compared the performance of the ABC/2 method with planimetry and truncated pyramidal methods to highlight the potential of the planimetry method applied with automatic segmentation for evaluation of epidural hematoma (EDH) and intraparenchymal hematoma (IPH) volume. Six different phantoms were designed to evaluate the accuracy of volume estimation methods. 221 hematoma regions extracted from CT scans of 125 patients with head injury were also used to analyze the efficiency. The roundness index was utilized for the quantification of the ellipsoid-like shape. Regions of EDH and IPH on the CT scans were annotated by radiologists. The estimation errors for each method were statistically analyzed and compared. In addition, the relationship between the errors and roundness index was examined. The planimetry method showed the lowest relative error on phantom data. In the case of the CT scan data, the truncated pyramidal method resulted in the underestimation of the volumes of EDH and IPH. Meanwhile, the ABC/2, through principal component analysis (PCA) in the two-dimensional and PCA in the three-dimensional methods, resulted in a significant overestimation. In addition, both these approaches produced relative errors that showed a correlation with the roundness indexes for IPH. In comparison to other methods, the planimetry method had the lowest level of error with regards to calculation of the volume and it was also independent of the hematoma shape. The planimetry method, therefore, has the potential to serve as a useful tool for the assessment of ICH volume in TBI patients by using a deep learning system.
Social capital, depressive symptomatology, and frailty among older adults in the western areas of China
Authors: Wang Liqun , Xie Shufeng , Hu Xue , Li Jiangping , He Shulan , Gao Junling , Wang Zhizhong
Published: October 2023

We aimed to explore the relationship between social capital (SC) and frailty, and the mediation role of depressive symptoms in this relationship. A cross-sectional study among 2,591 older adults aged ≥60 years old was conducted from September 2020 to May 2021. SC, depressive symptoms, and frailty were measured using the social capital scale, the 9-item patient health questionnaire, and the FRAIL scale, respectively. The mediation model was tested by Bootstrap PROCESS. After controlling for socio-demographical covariates, the SC was negatively correlated with frailty (r = -0.07, P = 0.001), and depressive symptomatology (r = -0.08, P<0.001); while the depressive symptomatology was positively correlated with frailty (r = 0.33, P<0.001). Logistic regression results showed that SC was associated with a lower risk of frailty (OR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.92–0.97; P<0.001). Depressive symptomatology partially mediated (explained 36.4% of the total variance) the association between SC and frailty. Those findings suggest that SC may protect older adults from frailty by reducing depressive symptoms. Prevention and intervention implications were also discussed.
Poly(oxyethylene)/Poly(oxypropylene) butyl ether prolongs the repellent effect of N,N-diethyl-3-toluamide on the skin
Authors: Kawaguchi Mayu , Matsumoto Kana , Yoshitomi Joji , Otake Hiroko , Sato Kanta , Taga Atsushi , Sasabe Tatsuji , Nobuhara Kenji , Matsubara Akira , Nagai Noriaki
Published: October 2023

N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) is a widely used insect repellent, with minimal skin permeation and sustained repellent activity in the superficial layers of the skin. In this study, we prepared a 10% DEET formulation consisting of 40% ethanol with or without 2% poly(oxyethylene)/poly(oxypropylene) butyl ether (POE-POP), an amphiphilic random copolymer. Further, we demonstrated the effects of POE-POP on tensile stress (stickiness), hydrophobicity, skin retention, permeation, and repellent activity of DEET. Stickiness was measured in male ICR mice (7-week old), and skin retention and permeation were evaluated in male Wistar rats (7-week old). In addition, femaleAedes albopictuswere used to measure the repellent action of DEET. The addition of POE-POP did not affect stickiness, volatility, and degradability but decreased logP and increased viscosity of DEET. Next, we demonstrated the behavior of DEET formulations in the rat skin. POE-POP prolonged the retention of DEET in the superficial layers of the rat skin (skin surface and stratum corneum) and decreased the penetration of DEET into rat skin tissues (epithelium and dermis). The repellent effect of DEET was also enhanced by the addition of POE-POP. However, severe skin damage was not observed after repetitive treatment with DEET formulations containing POE-POP for one month (twice a day). In conclusion, we demonstrated that a 10% DEET formulation consisting of 40% ethanol and 2% POE-POP attenuated the skin penetration and prolonged the repellent action of DEET without causing stickiness and skin damage. We conclude that the combination of ethanol and POE-POP is useful as a safe and effective delivery system for the development of insect repellent formulations containing DEET.
EFEK ANTISPERMATOGENIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PEPAYA CALINA TERHADAP KUALITAS SPERMA DAN MORFOLOGI EPIDIDIMIS TIKUS WISTAR
Authors: Setiawan Haris
Published: October 2023

Indonesia merupakan negara dengan angka kelahiran yang relatif tinggi, sehingga dibutuhkan alternatif dalam menurunkan jumlah penduduk seperti penggunaan alat kontrasepsi berbahan herbal. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun pepaya Calina terhadap kualitas sperma dan morfologi epididimis tikus wistar. Penelitian menggunakan 24 tikus wistar, dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok terdiri dari Kontrol (akuades), ekstrak dosis 100 mg/Kg BB, 200 mg/Kg BB, 300 mg/Kg BB yang diberikan menggunakan sonde lambung (1ml) selama 30 hari. Pada hari ke-31 tikus dibedah dan diambil cauda epididymis untuk dilakukan pengamatan kualitas sperma dan pembuatan preparat histologis dengan metode parafin (pewarnaan HE). Parameter kualitas sperma terdiri dari motilitas, viabilitas, jumlah, dan morfologi sperma. Parameter morfologi epididimis terdiri dari tebal sel epitel, diameter dan luas epididimis. Seluruh parameter dianalisis menggunakan uji one way Anova dan dilanjutkan uji Duncan dengan selang kepercayaan 95%. Hasil menunjukan pemberian ekstrak dosis 100-300 mg/Kg BB berbeda secara signifikan dibandingkan kontrol dengan menurunkan parameter motilitas, jumlah, viabilitas dan morfologi sperma (P<0,05). Morfologi epididimis menunjukan penurunan tebal epitel, diameter dan luas epididymis pada dosis 100-300 mg/kgBB dibandingkan dengan kontrol (P<0,05). Kesimpulan menunjukan ekstrak etanol daun pepaya Calina dosis 100 mg/kgBB memiliki potensi sebagai agen antispermatogenik ditandai dengan penurunan kualitas sperma dan morfologi epididymis tikus wistar.
KARAKTER HABITAT, POPULASI, PRODUKTIVITAS, MORFOLOGI BUAH SERTA BIJI, PERILAKU SIMPAN DAN PERILAKU PERKECAMBAHAN Casearia flavovirens Blume
Authors: Angio Melisnawati H , Lestari Dewi , Abywijaya Ilham Kurnia , Darmayanti Agung Sri , Aryanti Esti Endah
Published: October 2023

Casearia flavovirens Blume adalah tumbuhan endemik Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Sumatera, Thailand dan Vietnam yang berstatus konservasi rentan menurut IUCN. Namun sampai saat ini, informasi tentang berbagai aspek C. flavovirens masih sangat terbatas. Oleh karena itulah penelitian ini dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan informasi mengenai karakter habitat C. flavovirens, populasi, produktivitas, morfologi buah serta biji, perilaku simpan dan perilaku perkecambahannya yang diduga menjadi penyebab status kelangkaannya. Penelitian dilakukan pada November 2020 hingga Juni 2021 dengan mengobservasi kondisi habitat di TN Meru Betiri, mengobservasi biji dan buah, melakukan uji penyimpanan dan uji perkecambahan di bank biji Kebun Raya Purwodadi. Hasil studi menunjukkan C. flavovirens ditemukan tumbuh pada vegetasi pantai, di luasan yang sangat terbatas di Bandealit, Taman Nasional Meru Betiri. Hanya dua individu yang ditemukan dalam penjelajahan seluas 5.000 m2. Jumlah buah per pohon diperkirakan 1500-2000 buah, sementara rata-rata biji per buah adalah sebesar 30 biji/buah. Benih menunjukkan daya berkecambah rendah dan biji berkarakter simpan rekalsitran. Populasi kecil yang memicu inbreeding, faktor lingkungan dan kompetisi dengan tumbuhan lain diduga menjadi alasan mengapa anakan sulit ditemukan di sekitar induknya di habitat aslinya. Hasil penelitian diharapkan bermanfaat untuk menunjang upaya konservasi dan melengkapi data ilmiah C. flavovirens.
Palatability of Norway spruce needles infected with Lophodermium piceae to larvae of two sawfly species
Authors: Müller Michael M. , Hamberg Leena , Varama Martti
Published: October 2023

Unequivocal evidence on the antagonistic effects of endophytic fungi associated with woody plants against insect herbivores has been documented in only a few cases so far. Experimental evidence of the significance of needle endophytes to coniferous trees has remained scant because it is difficult to obtain trees with needles free of endophytes that could be used as comparable controls for trees infected with endophytes. Previously we reported a new methodology to get Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) saplings without needle endophytes and to inoculate them with a needle endophyte Lophodermium piceae (Fuckel) Höhn. Here we describe the first trial where spruce saplings with and without needle endophytes were provided as substrate for insect larvae. We transferred larvae of two sawfly species, Neodiprion sertifer Geoffroy and Gilpina pallida Klug, to the seedlings. Even though the main host of these sawfly species is not Norway spruce, but Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), they are also known to occasionally feed on spruce. In this experiment the larvae did not develop to pupae with the provided spruce substrate but consumed measurable amounts of needles. No significant difference was found between the extent of needles consumed by either of the two sawfly species in inoculated and uninoculated saplings.
Schatzki’s Ring in Asian Group of Patients
Authors: Vithal D. Udagatti  , Dinesh Rajendran Kumar  , Gautam S.  , Nagaraj T.M.  , Girish F. Hongal
Published: October 2023

Schatzki's lower esophageal rings appear as thin membranous structures which do not contain any muscularis propria; resulting in a constricting ring at the esophagogastric junction, they are mostly asymptomatic. However, patients present with symptoms of dysphagia to solids and liquids and a sense of impaction of food. Diagnosis can be easily overlooked and can be confirmed by endoscopic inspection of the esophagogastric junction. 3 cases of Schatzki ring diagnosed on oesophagal endoscopy and its management are presented.
A Relevância Científica dos trabalhos publicados em Revistas Nacionais de Psicologia Corporal: Uma Revisão de Literatura / The Scientific Relevance of Works Published in National Journals of Body Psychology: A Literature Review
Authors: Vieira Fabio Martins
Published: October 2023

Resumo: O presente artigo visa verificar o respaldo científico dos artigos publicados nas revistas nacionais especializadas em Psicologia Corporal entre os anos de 2012 até 2021. Os resultados incluem 234 publicações das quais 198 delas são classificadas como pesquisa bibliográfica, 12 como estudo de caso, outras 12 como pesquisa de campo, 5 pesquisas-ação, 3 pesquisas documentais, 2 do tipo ex-post-facto, 1 pesquisa experimental e 1 pesquisa etnográfica. Os estudos revisados apresentam baixo índice de evidência científica devido à prevalência de pesquisas do tipo bibliográfica narrativa e escassez de estudos experimentais e revisões sistemáticas de literatura.   Palavras-chave: Psicologia Corporal; Wilhelm Reich; Psicologia Baseada em Evidências. Abstract: This article aims to verify the scientific support of articles published in national journals specialized in Body Psychology between the years 2012 to 2021. The results include 234 publications, of which 198 are classified as bibliographical research, 12 as case studies, others 12 field research, 5 action research, 3 documentary research, 2 ex-post-facto research, 1 experimental research and 1 ethnographic research. The reviewed studies have a low level of scientific evidence due to the prevalence of narrative bibliographic research and the scarcity of experimental studies and systematic literature reviews. Keywords: Body Psychology; Wilhelm Reich; Evidence Based Psychology.
A Reificação dos Corpos Femininos no cuidado em Saúde Mental: Análise Bioenergética e Reconexão / The Reification of Female Bodies in Mental Health Care: Bioenergetic Analysis and Reconnection
Authors: Pereira Rebecca Brayner , Freitas Rita de Cássia Sousa Tabosa
Published: October 2023

Resumo: Este projeto tem por objeto o estudo e a análise interseccional do impacto do sistema patriarcal sobre a saúde mental das mulheres e sobre como os corpos se moldam ao processo de adaptação e adequação às exigências sociais de cada época. Ao longo da história da humanidade, os dispositivos de poder promovem o controle dos corpos, principalmente das mulheres, cujas quais, a própria sexualidade exerce uma ou mais funções para manutenção da classe dominante no poder. Por meio de uma contextualização histórica, será apresentada a história da loucura nas mulheres até a atualidade, o reflexo da biopolítica sobre seus corpos e de que maneira, a Psicologia Corporal, através da Análise Bioenergética, poderá contribuir para o resgate dos corpos dissociados e privados da potência advinda da consciência corporal, da livre expressão e da autorregulação. Palavras-chave: gênero, saúde mental, análise bioenergéticaAbstract: The object of this project is the study and intersectional analysis of the impact of the patriarchal system on women's mental health and on how bodies are molded in the process of adapting and adapting to the social demands of each era. Throughout human history, power devices have promoted control over bodies, especially women, whose sexuality itself plays one or more roles to keep the ruling class in power. Through a historical context, the history of madness in women will be presented up to the present, the reflection of biopolitics on their bodies and how, Body Psychology, through Bioenergetic Analysis, can contribute to the rescue of dissociated and private bodies of the power arising from body awareness, free expression and self-regulation.Keywords: gender, mental health, bioenergetic analysis.