bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blood Pressure Management Strategies and Podocyte Health
Authors: Semenikhina Marharyta , Mathew Roy O , Barakat Munsef , Van Beusecum Justin P , Ilatovskaya Daria V , Palygin Oleg
Published: September 2024

Hypertension (HTN) is one of the key global cardiovascular risk factors, which is tightly linked to kidney health and disease development. Podocytes, glomerular epithelial cells that play a pivotal role in maintenance of the renal filtration barrier, are significantly affected by increased glomerular capillary pressure in HTN. Damage or loss of these cells causes proteinuria, which marks the initiation of the HTN-driven renal damage. It goes without saying that effective blood pressure (BP) management should not only mitigate cardiovascular risks but also preserve renal function by protecting podocyte integrity. This review offers a comprehensive examination of current BP management strategies and their implications for podocyte structure and function and emphasizes strategies for the reduction of proteinuria in HTN. We explore primary and secondary antihypertensive agents, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics, as well as newer therapies (sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 blocking and endothelin receptor antagonism), emphasizing their mechanistic roles in safeguarding podocytes and curtailing proteinuria.
Land use to agriculture and planted forests strongly affect the genetic diversity of Baccharis crispa Spreng., a native herb of South America
Authors: Micolino Ricardo , Górski Felipe , Zchonski Felipe Liss , Gonçalves Rhaniel Nicholas Lisowski , Rosa Juliana da , Da-Silva Paulo Roberto
Published: September 2024

Human population growth constantly requires an increase in the production of food and products from the timber industry. To meet this demand, agriculture and planted forests are advancing over natural areas. In view of this, it is necessary to know the effects of land use for different purposes (grain production, pastures, planted forests, fruit production and among other uses) on the genetic diversity of populations of native species. This knowledge can assist in land use planning as well as in the development of conservation strategies for native species. In this study, we evaluated the effect of land use for agriculture (mainly for cereal production) and planted forests on the genetic diversity of Baccharis crispa Spreng., a herb native to South America. To achieve our goals, we compared population genetic data obtained with three molecular markers (microsatellites, inter-simple sequence repeat and isoenzymes) with data on land use for agriculture and planted forests from 15 different locations. Our results showed that regardless of the molecular marker used, the greater the use of land for agriculture and planted forests, the lower was the genetic diversity of B. crispa populations. Baccharis crispa is a semi-perennial species that needs at least one year to reach its reproductive period, which is prevented in agricultural areas due to the land being turned over or dissected with herbicides every 6 months. In the studied regions, the planted forests are of eucalypt and/or pine, which besides being species with a high production of allelopathic substances, produce strong shading and B. crispa is a species that inhabits open grassland that needs a high incidence of sunlight for development. The data obtained in our study can assist in the decision-making to use land in order to reconcile the production of supplies for humanity and for the conservation of nature.
Singapore’s stance on enforcement of foreign awards set aside at the seat: some recent developments
Authors: Vij Jagriti
Published: September 2024

It may seem like an arbitral award once set aside by the supervisory court at the seat is done and dusted, and that the award no longer exists legally. However—more often than not—the aggrieved party will still try its luck and file a separate application for enforcement in different jurisdictions where the assets of the award-debtor are situated. In those circumstances, countries follow distinct practices wherein some put significant weight on the decision of the seat court and others plainly disregard it. Noteworthily, the supervisory court at the seat is known to have primary jurisdiction whereas the enforcing court is supposed to have secondary jurisdiction. In this article, the author will elaborate on the provisions that entail supremacy of the seat court, and explore the legal implications of a successful ‘second bite at the cherry’, all the while briefly examining the approach of Singaporean courts concerning the enforcement of awards annulled at the arbitration seat.
PGR – 2 More than Just an EEG; The Role of Neuropsychological Evaluation in Pediatric Seizure Diagnosis with Complex Comorbidities
Authors: Cassill Carolyn
Published: September 2024

Objective

Despite the prevalence of epilepsy, diagnosis remains limited by both subjective and objective examination (Urbańska et al., 2024). This is especially true of time-limited Electroencephalogram (EEG) (Baud et al., 2021). Ability to predict who will develop epilepsy after first time seizure is also limited (Drenthen et al., 2021). Neuropsychological changes inform clinical diagnosis and provides deeper understanding of functional limitations in daily life (Tolchin et al., 2020).

Method

Patient is a 12-year-old left-handed boy with history of in utero drug exposure and neglect prior to adoption at 3-years-old. Evaluation was sought for developmental delays concerning for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Additional concerns included frequent falls, severe migraines, reduced attention and memory, fatigue, and tremor. He had two clinical seizures around 9 years old, though subsequent EEG was normal. Given this and prophylactic treatment with Keppra, likelihood of seizures was thought to be low.

Results

Cognitive and adaptive skills were in the low range. Results were concerning for atypical developmental progress and a lateralizing profile. Specifically, skills associated with the left hemisphere (verbal abilities) were developing steadily, while skills associated with the right hemisphere (spatial and pattern recognition skills) were weaker. Difficulties with processing speed and higher order executive function were also present. No unifying diagnosis was identified, but addition of Keppra and Topamax resulted in marked improvement in energy, motor functioning, and cognitive functioning.

Conclusion

Neuropsychological evaluation was able to identify previously undetected seizure activity resulting in significant clinical impairment. Neuropsychological evaluation is invaluable in diagnosing and monitoring epilepsy (Kishk et al., 2022).
A - 11 Organizational Strategies and Delayed Recall in Older Adults: Insights from the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test
Authors: Cho Jin , Poreh Amir
Published: September 2024

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the factors that influence older adults’ ability to recall complex figure in the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) test.

Method

172 participants (50% female; M = 74.64) between the ages of 60 and 100 were recruited through the Israel Interior Ministry. Participants were asked to complete the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF), which involved two tasks: A) participants were first instructed to replicate the complex figure exactly as shown (copy task). Subsequently, they were asked to B) recall and redraw the figure after a 30-minute delay (delayed recall task). The evaluations were conducted at the participants’ homes. The participants were evaluated on three criteria: accuracy, continuation, and the symmetry. To analyze the relationship between participants’ scores on the accuracy, continuation, and symmetry, a linear regression analysis was performed.

Results

A linear regression model predicting delayed recall score was significant F(3,48) = 9.61, p < 0.001. Among the predictors, continuation (b = 0.75, p = 0.01) and copy scores (b = 0.39, p 0.02) displayed a significant positive relationship with delayed recall score.

Conclusion(s)

The ROCF test serves as a comprehensive measure of cognitive functions, such as visuospatial memory, executive and organizational abilities, and retrieval. The significant influence of organizational score underscores the important link between planning abilities and declarative memory. This supports previous findings that organizing ROCF into meaningful clusters of units during the copy task improves performance in delayed recall task.
A - 12 Neuropsychological Test Best Fit for Identifying on-the-Road Driving Behaviors in Normal and Abnormal Aging Populations: a Systematic Review
Authors: Velez Kyara Y , Rosselli Monica
Published: September 2024

Objective

This systematic review’s purpose is to identify neuropsychological assessments that are accurate at predicting driving behaviors in geriatric populations. The population included normal aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia.

Data Selection

PubMed and APA PsycNet databases were searched using two separate keyword searches: cognitive evaluation and driving behaviors and aging; neuropsychological test and driving behaviors and aging. The databases were searched March 10, 2024, and again on April 26, 2024. This yielded 278 articles. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method was used to identify articles. Articles were excluded if they did not have on-road driving behaviors or simulated driving behaviors, neuropsychological test, if the average participant age was not geriatric, or if it was a non-peer reviewed article.

Data Synthesis

After following PRISMA selections, eight articles were included, creating a combined sample size of 927 (Mean age = 74.16, SD = 2.38; mean years of education = 14.17, SD = 1.09; female percentage = 40.78). The test deemed most correlated were Neuropsychological Assessment Battery: Driving Scene Test, Clock Drawing, Useful Field of View, Trail making task, Mini-Mental State Exam, verbal and visual memory components from the Wechsler Memory Scale, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure, and Maze Navigation Task.

Conclusion

General cognitive screening tests as well as visuomotor, visual–spatial, visual attention and verbal and non-verbal memory tests highly correlate with real driving behaviors and accurately predict on-the-road driving behaviors. This indicates the cognitive and behavioral complexity of driving. Though these tests accurately predict driving behaviors, their abilities to do so may differ depending on cultural groups.
A - 16 A Proof-of-Concept for the Construct Validity of Cognitive Dispersion: Longitudinal Relationship between Cognitive Dispersion and Preclinical Alzheimer’s Cognitive Composite Scores
Authors: Fatima Hudaisa , Burger Carly , Thakkar Vishal , Schaffert Jeff , Rossetti Heidi , Lacritz Laura , Zhang Rong , Cullum C Munro
Published: September 2024

Objective

To examine the construct validity of cognitive dispersion (CD) by examining its relationship with the Preclinical Alzheimer’s Cognitive Composite (PACC) scores across multiple visits among cognitively healthy individuals with hypertension and memory concerns/significant family history of dementia.

Methods

435 participants (Mage = 68.90, Meducation = 16.29 years) from the rrAD study with neurocognitive data from five visits over 24 months were included. PACC total scores were derived as per literature from the MMSE, Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, and Logical Memory delayed recall. Raw scores were converted to z-scores using the baseline sample mean and standard deviation (SD) and calculating the mean of these z-scores to form the PACC score. CD was calculated as the intraindividual SD of the z-scores of all tests within the PACC battery. Linear regression, with time representing the five time points as a predictor, examined the relationship between cognitive dispersion and PACC scores.

Results

The model significantly predicted PACC scores (F[2, 2278] = 65.83, p < 0.001, R^2 = 0.05). Time alone did not significantly predict PACC scores (p = 0.41), but CD was a significant predictor when controlling for time (b = −0.51, SE = 0.04, t = −11.47, p < 0.001), such that greater CD was related to lower PACC composite scores.

Conclusion

The findings suggest an inverse relationship between CD and PACC scores over time, supporting CD as a potential marker of preclinical cognitive change in this sample. Future research may explore how lifestyle interventions influence this relationship while considering demographic factors such as age, sex, and race/ethnicity.
A - 24 Treatment Response to Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Bradson Megan , Thomas Garrett A , Sakamoto McKenna S , Gold Stefan M , Friede Tim , Wieditz Johannes , Meyer Björn , Heesen Christoph , Paul Friedemann , Moss-Morris Rona , Sicotte Nancy L , Bruce Jared M , Arnett Peter
Published: September 2024

Objective

A recent randomized-controlled (phase III) clinical trial examined the efficacy of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) intervention designed to treat depressive symptoms in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Significant mean reductions in depressive symptoms were found in the stand-alone iCBT and guided-iCBT conditions compared to the control group. The purpose of the current study was to identify the proportion of PwMS who responded to iCBT (stand-alone and guided) for depression compared to a waitlist control group.

Method

224 PwMS completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) to measure depression severity at baseline and post-intervention. Reliable change index (RCI) scores for depressive symptoms were calculated for each participant. Clinical significance was determined using the 95th percentile cutoff (RCI = ± 1.96).

Results

Combining the stand-alone and guided-iCBT (n = 147) groups, 89 PwMS (61%) demonstrated a reliable decrease in BDI-II scores, whereas 58 PwMS (39%) did not show a reliable decrease. For waitlist controls (n = 77), 19 PwMS (25%) showed a reliable decrease in BDI-II scores, χ2(2, N = 224) = 33.82, p < 0.001, φ = 0.39.

Conclusions

We found that the iCBT treatment was highly effective, with 61% of PwMS showing a reliable decline in depressive symptoms compared with only 25% of waitlist controls. Still, generally consistent with previous research, almost 40% of PwMS did not respond to iCBT for depression. Future work will investigate baseline cognitive, psychosocial, and disease-related predictors of response to iCBT to better understand treatment outcomes and possible targets to optimize interventions for depression in MS.
A - 25 Without Words: Relational Neuropsychology and Creative Arts Therapies with People Managing Aphasia
Authors: Chilcote Autumn Marie
Published: September 2024

Objective

Common approaches to functional rehabilitation with persons managing aphasia after stroke highlight conversation and semantic retrieval, with a lack of evidence considering the diversity of physiological, social–emotional, and psychiatric symptoms and responses. Further, evidence shows high dropout rates and limited engagement for post-stroke therapies. This research considered: How does participating in a neuropsychologically-informed creative arts therapy program influence cognitive and clinical therapeutic outcomes for a person with aphasia?

Method

A 64-year-old White man presented mixed conduction aphasia following left middle cerebral artery stroke in the temporal parietal region. Burden of Stroke Scales, Western Aphasia Battery, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Rey Complex Figure Tasks indicated moderate aphasia, diffuse cognitive impairment with severe memory impairment, and functional difficulties with communication, social relationships, and mood. The patient participated in six 1-¼ hour creative arts therapies with a clinical neuropsychology doctoral candidate co-located in a speech-language-hearing clinic.

Results

The patient actively participated in all individualized arts-based directives with complete adherence to specific session goals. Outcomes evidenced clinically significant improvements in tasks evaluating perceptual-motor, executive function, and memory domains of function. Linguistic inquiry and analysis software indicated reduction in nonfluencies and increased use of affective language. Clinical therapeutic outcomes included improved mood, engagement, and relational experiences assessed at session- and program- levels.

Conclusions

Multi-modal, low-verbal approaches for assessment and rehabilitation after stroke improve individualized approaches to treatment beyond semantic retrieval. Clinical neuropsychologists are well-placed to inform psychotherapies for this unique symptom-clustered condition, and creative arts therapies show promise in improvements in cognitive and social–emotional domains of function.
A - 27 Case Study Approach to Initial Exploration of Adaptations of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for Non-Epileptic Seizures (NES) in the Context of Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Messerly Johanna , Werry Amy
Published: September 2024

Objective

The following case study seeks to review implementation of CBT for NES, discuss psychotherapeutic adaptations and outcomes while balancing treatment fidelity, and offer preliminary recommendations for expansion of psychotherapeutic modalities for individuals with cognitive impairment.

Methods

49-year-old Hispanic male with a history of mixed epileptic (non-lesional frontal lobe medically refractory) and non-epileptic events. Neurological workup included video EEG, which captured seven events without EEG correlate and an unremarkable brain MRI. Neuropsychological evaluation indicated mild cognitive impairment due to epilepsy with deficits in processing speed, executive functioning, and confrontation naming with borderline to low average core visual and verbal abilities. The patient participated in manualized CBT for PNES.

Results

Treatment adaptations included extending treatment sessions from 12–19 sessions and including the patient’s sister. They read the chapters together and practiced strategies outside of session. She participated in helping him notice patterns of manifestations of fear and anger and their influence on somatic symptoms. Omission of treatment elements with higher cognitive demand (i.e., thought chart). Outcomes included increased awareness of emotions, triggers, and warnings but not episode reduction in the context of increased epileptic seizures.

Conclusions

Feasibility of treatment may be limited for individuals with mixed epileptic and NES episodes, particularly if there is cognitive impairment and difficulty differentiating between the two. Psychotherapeutic techniques that are concrete and behaviorally based will = be beneficial for individuals with cognitive impairment. Episode reduction in isolation is likely reductionistic when considering treatment effectiveness. Ability to self-manage episodes, quality of life, functional status, and self-efficacy are valuable markers of improvement.
A - 30 Chiari Malformation Type I: the Powerful Impact of Participation in Computerized Working Memory Training on Mood and Self-Perception
Authors: Sacks-Zimmerman Amanda , Bender Heidi A , Katsman Kseniya , Boorstin Rebecca , Kallman Samantha
Published: September 2024

Objective

Chiari Malformation type I (CM-I), a disorder characterized by displaced cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum, is neuropsychologically complex and underrecognized. While decompressive neurosurgical intervention relieves physiological symptoms, cognitive and neuropsychiatric challenges may persist. Given the importance of attentional abilities and emotional functioning for post-operative quality of life for CM-I patients, exploring the effects of CogMed Computerized Working Memory Training (CCWMT) on aforementioned elements, specifically self-perception, is essential to the neurological surgery survivorship mission.

Method

Three CM-I patients diagnosed in adulthood were enrolled in CCWMT approximately three years post-operatively; each with self-reported decrements in attentional functioning following neurosurgical intervention with neurocognitive measures within normal limits and moderate levels of self-reported mood dysfunction and decline in self-perceived pre-surgical functional status. Comprehensive neuropsychological testing was completed pre and post CCWMT treatment, consisting of 25 sessions of progressively challenging working memory exercises completed within 5–12 weeks.

Results

There were no significant decrements in objective attentional-based measures pre-CCWMT treatment relative to baseline estimates and no significant changes pre to post CCWMT treatment. However, there were clinically significant decreases in self-reported depression. Further, post-treatment improvement in self-perception of functioning aligned with degree of improvement index within the CCWMT program.

Conclusions

Given the positive prognosis of post-surgical CM-I patients, clinical neuropsychological investigation can maximize a patient’s quality of life by extrapolating cognitive and emotional elements that interact as barriers to optimal outcomes. This case series underscores that effortful participation in intensive cognitive remediation may enhance mood and self-perception beyond objective cognitive enhancement, thereby supporting holistic aspects of a patient’s recovery.
A - 35 Effects of Childhood Trauma Exposure on Psychological Symptom Endorsement among Adult ADHD Referrals
Authors: Rubright Colin , Shapiro Greg , Shoemaker Bonnie E , Soble Jason R
Published: September 2024

Objective

Adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more likely to have childhood trauma exposure. Trauma exposure evaluations are not always standard practice for adult ADHD evaluations, but personality inventories like the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) are more commonly used to differentiate neurodevelopmental symptoms from psychiatric disorders. This study assessed the impact of childhood trauma exposure on MMPI-2-RF profiles among adults referred for ADHD evaluation.

Method

Cross-sectional data from 222 patients referred for neuropsychological evaluation for attention concerns and administered the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Checklist and MMPI-2RF were examined. Patients were racially diverse with a Mage 29.15 (SD = 7.63) and Meducation 16.15 years (SD = 2.13). Patients were divided into low (0–3 ACEs) and high (>3 ACEs) ACE groups. ACEs groups’ MMPI-2RF Restructured Clinical (RC) scale scores were compared via multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) for the overall sample and subsample of those who ultimately received an ADHD diagnosis.

Results

The sample had 52% low ACEs/48% high ACEs, and 65% ADHD diagnosis/35% non-ADHD diagnosis. Overall, there was a significant multivariate effect (Wilks Λ =0.812; F(9,212) = 5.45, p < 0.001; np2 = 0.188); those with high ACE scores had significantly higher RC1, RC4, RC6, RC7, and RC8 scores. Significant MANOVA effects remained when the sample with subdivided. Across ADHD and non-ADHD subgroups, significantly higher RC4 and RC6 scores were consistent.

Conclusions

Exposure to childhood trauma had a significant impact on the MMPI-2-RF profile of adults being evaluated for ADHD. Screening for trauma exposure should be incorporated into standard neuropsychological batteries to inform the interpretation of personality inventories used to differentiate psychopathology.
A - 45 Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy: Sibling Case Studies
Authors: Zhang Luyu , Kiefel Jacqueline , Mattox Sarah , Verma Sumit , Logan Rachel
Published: September 2024

Objective

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive neuromuscular condition primarily affecting males. Progressive proximal muscle wasting and weakness is seen and a shortened life span can occur due to cardiac involvement. Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) is a milder form of DMD. Non-progressive cognitive impairment (e.g., lower IQ) in DMD has been well established, while the cognitive profile in BMD is less known. DMD/BMD are caused by mutations in the dystrophin protein. Research suggests that mutations downstream of exon 63 in the DMD gene are associated with poorer cognitive outcomes compared to upstream 1–30. Our cases explore the association between genetic/medical factors upon cognitive and behavioral outcomes, and neuropsychological similarities/differences between DMD and BMD.

Method

The current sibling case studies include one BMD set (mutations at exon 45–49) and two DMD sets (exon 61–74, and 13, respectively). They are part of a larger IRB-approved research dataset. Notably in DMD set two, the siblings have different biological fathers.

Results

The BMD siblings have comparable neuropsychological profiles (e.g., below average IQ, academic challenges, attention/executive problems). In DMD set one, one sibling has average intelligence with no academic challenges, while the other sibling has a low average IQ with challenges in math and spelling. In DMD set two, one sibling has intact cognitive functioning, while the other sibling performs well below average across neurocognitive domains.

Conclusions

Our results indicate variabilities in DMD/BMD, highlighting the contributing role of established factors (e.g., mutation location) and additional non-DMD influences (e.g., genetic contributions from biological father) to understand neuropsychological profiles.
A - 47 The Relationship between Cognitive Abilities and Illness Self-Perception in Pediatric Cancer Patients
Authors: Johnson Andrea , Donner Miriam , Hull Michelle
Published: September 2024

Objective

The present study aims to examine the relationship between cognitive scores and illness identity in pediatric cancer patients. Youth with cancer confront unique challenges as their illness interacts with their cognitive development and maturing identity. Previous studies with typically developing youth suggest that high verbal ability may facilitate processing stressors in a way that impacts sense of self. However, this interaction remains largely unstudied in pediatric cancer populations.

Methods

This study analyzed data from 23 participants ages 9–20 years (M = 15.09, SD = 3.190) who completed the Illness Identity Questionnaire (IIQ) and the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI-II). “Illness Identity” is measured by 25 statements categorized into four domains. The “Engulfment” domain, the degree to which an individual defines themselves by their illness, is considered maladaptive to individuals’ psychological adjustment to illness.

Results

Pearson correlation analyses revealed a nonsignificant relationship between WASI-II composite scores and broad IIQ domains. However, an examination of individual IIQ domains revealed a significant, positive correlation between Verbal Comprehension Index and Full Scale IQ scores with a specific item endorsed in the Engulfment domain. Higher FSIQ and VCI composite scores were significantly positively correlated to the statement: “My cancer has a strong impact on how I see myself” (r = 0.435, p = 0.038; r = 0.422, p = 0.045).

Conclusion

Results suggest a possible relationship between verbal comprehension ability and general cognitive ability with illness self-perception. This study elucidates the impact of cognitive processes on the psychological experience of illness in pediatric cancer patients. Future research should expand upon these findings with larger and more diverse samples.
A - 50 Menstruation Problems and Sleep Interactions: Implications for the Mental Health of Adolescent Females
Authors: Patel Richa , Edwards Naomi , Totah Natalie , Cheu Anastasia , Hickson Robert , Muller-Oehring Eva , Gombert-Labedens Marie , Baker Fiona , Kiss Orsolya , Schulte Tilman
Published: September 2024

Objective

Adolescent females frequently experience internalizing symptoms like sadness and anxiety during this developmental period of hormonal, emotional, and sleep changes. However, the interaction between sleep, menstruation-related challenges, and internalizing symptoms is not currently understood.

Methods

Data from 2814 postmenarcheal female adolescents (Year 3, Mean-age = 13.03, [12–15] years) in the ABCD Study® were analyzed. Internalizing symptom scores were obtained from the Brief Problem Monitor and menstrual cycle characteristics were obtained from a customized questionnaire. The Munich Chronotype Questionnaire measured sleep duration and bedtime. Linear mixed-effect models explored the relationship between menstrual problems, sleep, and internalizing symptoms, with covariates including time since menarche, body mass index, parental education, and socio-demographic factors.

Results

Among adolescent females, greater internalizing problems were associated with menstrual cycle irregularity (p < 0.01), more premenstrual symptoms (p < 0.01), shorter sleep duration (p < 0.01) and later bedtimes (p < 0.01). Those with longer menstrual periods (p < 0.01) and heavier flow (p < 0.01) exhibited higher levels of internalizing symptoms, particularly in those with short sleep duration (p = 0.016, p = 0.003). Additionally, more intense menstrual pain (p < 0.01) and its significant impact on daily activities (p < 0.01) were linked to more internalizing problems; these relationships were both moderated by later bedtimes (pain x bedtime p = 0.004; pain impact x bedtime p = 0.002).

Conclusion

Internalizing symptoms are associated with menstrual cycle characteristics and menstrual pain in female adolescents, especially in those with shorter sleep and later bedtimes. The relationship between the menstrual cycle, sleep, and psychophysiology needs to be integrated in healthcare practice to promote well-being and resilience in young female adolescents.
A - 60 Validity of Caregiver Reported Behavioral Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder Evaluations
Authors: Olsen Aarika , Richard Annette
Published: September 2024

Objective

Informant report of a child’s behavior is an important component of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) evaluations. Informant-report measures with symptom validity scales are crucial to identifying invalid reporting of symptoms. This study examined the prevalence of, and characteristics associated with caregiver-report symptom validity (SVT) failure in an ASD evaluation clinic.

Method

Particpants were 212 youth, 6 to 18 years old (Mage = 11.5, 79.7% white, 91% non-Hispanic) whose caregivers completed a Conners, 3rd Edition, Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS) 2nd or 3rd Edition, and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) as part of a multidisciplinary autism evaluation.

Results

Rates of symptom validity failure, specifically negative impression (z = −3.338, p < 0.001) and inconsistency (z = −2.051, p = 0.04) were significantly higher in this sample compared to the Conners, 3rd edition general population normative sample. Elevated negative impression index was associated with lower scores on the ABAS Social index (r = 0.152, p = 0.028) and higher scores on the CBCL Withdrawn scale (r = −0.285, p < 0.001). Those with an elevated negative impression index were more likely to not receive an ASD diagnosis [Χ2 = 8.116, p = 0.006].

Conclusion

Caregiver report in children seeking diagnostic clarification for ASD is more likely to raise concerns for validity of reported behavioral symptoms than in the general population. Negative impression management is associated with lower likelihood of clinical ASD diagnosis, perhaps suggestive of caregiver motivation to obtain ASD diagnosis for non-autistic children. These findings support consideration of SVT failure when examining caregiver-reported behavioral symptoms.
A - 66 Factors Impacting Appointment No-Shows and Cancellations in Neuropsychology: Predictors for Improving Access to Care for a Diverse Patient Population
Authors: Woolsey Alejandra N , Rosenstein Leslie D , Stagni Alessandra M , Mercano Alejandro Perez , Nieves Emmanuel Rosario
Published: September 2024

Objective

Access to care can be impacted adversely by appointment adherence. We aimed to identify predictors of no-shows and cancellations for neuropsychological services offered by a healthcare system serving diverse communities.

Method

Demographics and appointment status were documented from a sample of 537 consecutive patients scheduled for neuropsychological evaluation at an outpatient psychiatry clinic. Patients included 220 males and 317 females with an average formal education of 11.01 years (SD = 3.87) and age of 55.64 years (SD = 16.2). Chi-square analyses were used to evaluate the association between appointment status and gender, race/ethnicity, payor, availability of a collateral, and MyChart access. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to assess the relationship between age, education, proxy income, and prior no-show rate with appointment status.

Results

The overall rate of no-shows or late cancellations was 20%, and some patients no-showed multiple times. No-shows and late cancellations were associated with historical no-show rates and older age (F = 14.60, p < 0.0001), while race/ethnicity and MyChart activation had slight impacts (χ2 = 5.572, p = 0.062 and χ2 = 3.69, p = 0.055, respectively). Being a monolingual Spanish speaker was associated negatively with MyChart activation, but positively with collateral availability (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

No-show rates, which impact access to care, are high and associated with prior history of no-shows. Other factors, such as MyChart activation and culturally-associated barriers may also impact access. Implementing interventions addressing prior no-show rates and enhancing MyChart access could significantly increase show rates; such improvements could increase patient access to care, reduce the system’s financial burden, and decrease wait times for other patients.
A - 70 Contextualizing Racial/Ethnic Differences in Baseline Assessment among Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Sakamoto McKenna S , Thomas Garrett A , Bradson Megan L , Becnel Breanna J , Arnett Peter A
Published: September 2024

Objective

Compared to other factors that influence neuropsychological test performance, few studies have examined the relationship between racial/ethnic identity and baseline assessment performance in collegiate athletes, and even fewer have contextualized results using structural factors linked to test performance (e.g., premorbid cognitive ability). This study examined racial/ethnic differences in baseline assessment performance before and after controlling for premorbid functioning. We hypothesized that there would be racial/ethnic differences in performance but that controlling for premorbid functioning would reduce these differences.

Method

Participants included 875 collegiate athletes who were grouped based on racial/ethnic identity (White = 661, Black = 165, Another Race = 49) and underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Cognitive composite scores and intraindividual variability (IIV) were calculated for two neurocognitive domains: attention/processing speed and memory. Premorbid functioning was assessed with the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR). ANCOVAs were used to examine racial/ethnic differences in these four cognitive domains before and after controlling for WTAR scores.

Results

Before controlling for WTAR scores, there were significant racial/ethnic differences in the attention/processing speed and memory composite scores and in attention/processing speed IIV, p’s < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.02–0.03. However, there were no significant racial/ethnic differences in memory IIV, p = 0.97. After controlling for WTAR scores, there were no significant racial/ethnic differences in the attention/processing (p = 0.530, ηp2 = 0.001) or memory (p = 0.183, ηp2 = 0.004) composite scores, and the relationship between racial/ethnic identity and attention/processing speed IIV became less significant (p = 0.014, ηp2 = 0.01).

Conclusions

Results suggest that racial/ethnic differences at baseline assessment can be largely accounted for by premorbid functioning, which underscores the importance of considering sociocultural context when assessing racially/ethnically diverse athletes.
A - 72 Cross-Cultural Comparison of Cognitive Performance between Cameroon and the United States in Adults
Authors: Heavens Brittany , Golden Charles , Stripling Ashley , Tchienga Ines
Published: September 2024

Objective

Over the past twenty-five years, the field of neuropsychology has expanded internationally. To date, an accurate understanding of the appropriateness of psychometric tests available in African countries remains limited despite the established need and potential benefits. Given the influence of culture on cognition the current study explores the differences in cognitive test performance between Cameroonian and American adults to add to the existing knowledge base.

Methods

The Cameroonian sample, 250 adults ages 22–72 (mean age = 42.91 [SD = 13.76], 52% male, mean education = 13.54 [SD = 4.58]) resided in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Participants were tested at a district center. Deidentified data from a community mental health center’s archival database comprised the American sample. An independent sample t-test was conducted to examine differences in performance between Cameroonian adults and a matched sample of American adults on selected measures.

Results

The results indicate significant differences between Cameroonians and Americans in cognitive performance on the WAIS-IV Digit Span [t(777) = −31.534, p = 0.013 < 0.05, d = 4.70], Stroop Word [t(823) = −1.117, p = 0.000 < 0.05, d = 13.244], Stroop Color [t(823) = −0.518, p = 0.000 < 0.05, d = 10.443], Stroop Color Word [t(823) = −14.539, p = 0.000 < 0.05, d = 8.999] subtests.

Conclusion

The significant variation in performance between the groups indicates the potential for culturally distinctive functioning and the need for further exploration of how test bias may manifest cross-culturally in neuropsychological assessments within Cameroon. Implications of the current findings include specific recommendations for research and practice within Cameroon to best serve this population.
A - 76 Associations between Proportion of Life Spent in the U.S. and Cognitive Performance in Spanish-Speaking Older Latino Immigrants: Preliminary Findings from the Boston Latino Aging Study
Authors: Solis Isabel , Munera Diana , Bonillas Félix Nikole A , Badillo Cabrera Alex L , Martinez Jairo E , Giudicessi Averi , Vila-Castelar Clara , Ramirez-Gomez Liliana A , Gonzalez Marta , Saldana Daniel , Quiroz Yakeel T
Published: September 2024

Objective

Latinos represent the largest immigrant demographic in the U.S. and are the second-fastest growing minority group. Older Latinos face an increased risk of dementia compared to their non-Hispanic white counterparts. However, there is a notable scarcity of research examining how immigration-related factors among Latinos influence their vulnerability to cognitive decline and dementia. We explored the associations between the proportion of life spent in the U.S. and cognitive performance in older Latino immigrants.

Method

116 Spanish-speaking participants (mean age: 68.8 ± 8.6, educational attainment: 10.5 ± 4.8, 79% female, MMSE: 25.4 ± 3.8) from the Boston Latino Aging Study were included. The adapted Preclinical Alzheimer’s Cognitive Composite-5 (PACC5), comprising the Mini-Mental State Examination-MMSE, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, NEUROPSI-Historias, Free-and-Cued-Selective-Reminding-Test, and Semantic Fluency was used to assess cognition. Spearman’s correlations examined the association between the proportion of life spent in the U.S. (number of years in the U.S./age) and cognition, controlling for age and education.

Results

The proportion of life spent in the U.S. (mean: 41.6 ± 22.7 years) did not significantly correlate with PACC5 performance (ρ = 0.02, p > 0.05). Nonetheless, there was a significant association with global cognitive function (MMSE ρ = 0.19, p = 0.04).

Conclusions

Our initial results did not reveal a correlation between the duration of time spent in the U.S. and the PACC5. However, a higher percentage of years lived in the U.S. correlated with better global cognition. Future studies utilizing larger cohorts are necessary to gain a comprehensive understanding of cognitive health in elderly Latinos, including investigating the effects of immigration-related factors.
A - 85 Age-Related Differences in Cognitive Mechanisms: Exploring the Role of Processing Speed in Working Memory and Prospective Memory
Authors: Killingsworth Derek , Coldiron Allyson M , DiGiovanna Ben J , Motley John E , Tran Sarah H , Carter Ericka , Way Sarah D , Arreola Langarica Ashely L , Barnett Michael D
Published: September 2024

Objective

Research links working memory (WM) and prospective memory (PM) on cognitively demanding tasks. Older adults demonstrate more frontal lobe activation than young adults during WM and PM tasks; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The current study hypothesized processing speed (PS) as a mediator between WM and PM with age cohort as a possible moderator.

Method

Healthy older adults (n = 80; age 60–89, M = 72.51, SD = 7.08) and young adults (n = 63; age 18–29, M = 19.27, SD = 2.12) were administered WAIS-IV Digit Span, WAIS-IV Coding, and the Virtual Kitchen Protocol for Prospective Memory.

Results

A moderated mediation model revealed that WM positively influenced PM (c:B = 0.69, p < 0.001) with a positive indirect relationship through PS among older adults (ab:B = 0.26, 95% CI [0.13, 0.43]), but not young adults (ab:B = −0.08, 95% CI [−0.19, 0.03]).

Conclusion

PS appears to play a significant role in older adults’ use of WM for PM but not in young adults. This could suggest that older adults recruit additional cognitive resources – those involved in PS – as a compensatory strategy for real-world PM tasks, which would support prior research indicating that diminished functioning in older adults results from reduced ability to redirect neurocognitive networks. Alternatively, age-related declines in PS could be a root cause underlying both worse WM and worse PM in older adults, as postulated by Salthouse. Future research would benefit from further differentiating the direction of influences between WM, PS, and PM in older adults.
A - 89 Systemic Inflammation and Cognitive Performance during Mid-Life: a Complex Longitudinal Relationship
Authors: Persin Michael J , McWhorter Micah L , Bennett Jeanette M
Published: September 2024

Objective

Systemic inflammation, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), can affect an individual’s functioning and is a consequence of stress-related physiological changes, especially as one ages. Cognitive functioning is a critical factor of healthy aging and strongly associated with sleep and chronic conditions/symptoms. IL-6 can induce CRP production, leading to downstream effects, however IL-6 levels may also contextualize how CRP may be linked to cognition.

Methods

Using MIDUS waves 2 (M2) and 3 (M3) data, the participants included 770 adults (58.1% Female; 84.9% white; 53.28 ± 10.7 years) who completed two BTACT cognitive assessments over a ten-year period and provided blood samples and psychosocial self-report data at M2. Using PROCESS macro (model 1), we examined the interaction of proinflammatory markers on cognitive decline.

Results

M2 IL-6 interacted with M2 CRP to predict M3 cognition while accounting for age, education, race, gender, sleep, and M2 cognition (ΔR2 = 0.002, F(1,759) = 4.74, p = 0.030). Specifically, among those with lower IL-6, their CRP levels were negatively linked to M3 cognitive performance (b = −0.114, p = 0.007), while for those with higher IL-6, there was no relationship (b = −0.008, p = 0.842).

Conclusion

Findings suggest that a dynamic relationship exists between inflammatory markers and cognitive function. Not only can IL-6 directly affect CRP, it may also provide additional context on how a clinically relevant inflammatory marker may be related to cognitive decline. From a stress and adaptive systems lens, further research should investigate how IL-6 may highlight the accumulation of stressful life events or other chronic psychosocial factors, using a more holistic approach to cognitive aging.
A - 91 Nocturnal Motor Activity and Wake after Sleep Onset and Neuropsychological Health in Veterans with Gulf War Illness
Authors: Reinhard Matthew , Breneman Charity B , Allen Nathaniel , Pollin Kamila U , Chacko Thomas , Summers Angela C
Published: September 2024

Objective

To examine the association between actigraphy-based sleep parameters and neuropsychological health in Veterans with Gulf War Illness (GWI).

Methods

Objective sleep data was obtained from 85 GW Veterans (Mage = 54.2, 79% Male) using an actigraphy monitor (Phillips Respironics Actiwatch-2) worn for 24 hours/day for seven consecutive days. Actigraphy data was manually scored to define time in bed (TIB), and total sleep time (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), number of awakenings (NWAK), and motor activity counts (MAC) during sleep were derived using the device software. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Posttraumatic Symptom Checklist (PCL-5), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Cognitive function was assessed using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Correlation analysis was conducted to discover associations between sleep parameters, self-reported measures, and cognitive function.

Results

MAC was positively correlated with elevated scores on PSQI (r = 0.35, p < 0.01), PHQ-9 (r = 0.26, p < 0.05), and PCL-5 (r = 0.26, p < 0.05), and negatively correlated with RBANS Total Index score (r = −0.27, p < 0.05). WASO was also positively correlated with PSQI scores (r = 0.29, p < 0.01). TIB and TST were positively correlated with age (r = 0.25, r = 0.28; all p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Objective parameters of disrupted sleep – nocturnal MAC and WASO – were associated with greater self-reported sleep disturbance. MAC was additionally correlated with increased self-reported symptoms of depression and PTSD, as well as lower performance on a measure of objective cognitive function. This study identifies aspects of sleep disruption as potential sleep intervention targets related to both mood and cognitive symptoms.
A - 93 How Normal Is Normal? Comparison of “within Normal Limits” Patients in a Memory Clinic with Cognitively Healthy Community Volunteers
Authors: Collyer Alexandra , Grueninger Kaite , Cheatham Megan , Gavitt Gabrielle , Roccaforte Analise , LoGalbo Anthony , Webbe Frank
Published: September 2024

Objective

Among patients who present for evaluation at a Memory Disorder Clinic (MDC), a small number are found to have “cognition within normal limits” (WNL). The fact they sought an evaluation suggests WNL may overstate their level of functioning. We compared performance on a brief neurocognitive battery of a recruited sample of healthy older volunteers (HV) to a WNL group from an MDC.

Methods

183 HVs with MoCA score ≥ 25 (M age = 75.07, SD = 5.60; 73% female) and 178 (MDC) patients diagnosed WNL (M age = 77.08, SD = 6.62; 53% female) were administered the Shepherd Verbal Learning Test (SVLT; Gifford & Webbe, 2008); the TOMM; a shortened version of the BNT (MACK-SF4); and the Trailmaking Test (TMT-A&B).

Results

Independent-samples t-tests revealed that HVs had significantly better TMT A & B scores than WNL patients: (M = 33.23, SD = 11.69) vs. (M = 41.19, SD = 15.76), p < 0.001 and (M = 88.98, SD = 35.20) vs. (M = 115.96, SD = 59.61), p < 0.001, respectively. HVs also had significantly better MACK-SF4 scores than WNL (M = 14.31, SD = 1.15) vs. (M = 13.28, SD = 2.27), p < 0.001. No significant group differences were found among SVLT or TOMM scores. WNL was slightly older and less well-educated.

Conclusion

TOMM scores for both groups were above 47, suggesting good effort. Both HVs and WNL patients performed equally well on all SVLT measures. HVs scored significantly better in Trail-making and confrontational naming, suggesting that in WNL executive function and language might be less than “normal.” These mixed outcomes suggest that WNL performance at a Memory Clinic may still fall short of true normal.