bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Non Pharmacological Management of Pain During First Stage of Labour Among Student Nurses in Selected College of Nursing, Hoshangabad
Authors: Sheelamma M. A. , Linson C. C.
Published: December 2021

To Assess the knowledge on ‘‘non pharmacological” pain management during First stage of labour among nursing students in the terms of pre-test. Evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on pain management during First stage of labour by comparing pre-test score on post-test knowledge score. Find out the association between knowledge scores among nursing students and selected demographic variables. The research approach selected was quantitative in nature and research design was pre experimental with one group pre-test post-test design. Sampling was done using convenient sampling using 60 student Nurses. The study was conducted in St Joseph College of nursing, Hoshangabad. The tools used for generating necessary data were structured knowledge questionnaire on non-pharmacological management of pain. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Majority of nursing students i.e. 36 (60%) have inadequate knowledge score, 24 (40%) had moderate knowledge score and none of them were having adequate knowledge. This study found that majority of nursing studentsi.e. 33 (55%) have gained adequate knowledge whereas 26 (43.3%) have gained moderate knowledge and 1 (1.6%) with inadequate knowledge after administration of structured teaching programme on nonpharmacological methods on reduction of labour pain. The findings of the present study shows that the mean post-test knowledge score (20.6) was apparently higher than the mean pre-test score (11.08). The difference between pre-interventional and post-interventional knowledge was 8.8. The statistical significance between pre and post-test knowledge is evident by‘t’ value of 14.02 at 0.05 level of significance. Hence, there is significant increase in the knowledge level of nursing studentsafter structured teaching programme. The structured teaching program was effective in enhancing the knowledge of the student nurses on non-pharmacological management of pain during first stage of labour.
Tocotrienol-rich Fraction Modulated Genes Responsible for Inflammation in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages
Authors: Hafid Sitti Rahma Abd , Aini Maliya Azilah Mohammad , Iran Nabiha , Norisam Irmaliayana , Radzun Khairul Adzfa , Radhakrishnan Ammu Kutty
Published: December 2021

Background: Inflammation plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), the leading health issue worldwide. An earlier study reported that tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) showed better anti-inflammation effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of tocotrienol-rich fraction at the molecular level by looking at the genes that were differentially regulated and pathways affected in LPS-stimulated macrophages exposed to TRF using the microarray approach.

Methods: A microarray study was carried out in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Total ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from the RAW 264.7 cells treated with TRF (10µg/mL), alpha-tocopherol (10 µg/mL) or LPS (10 ng/mL). Untreated cells served as control. Enrichment analyses, such as Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG), were conducted for genes listed in the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). 

Results: The microarray analysis showed that the expression of five genes [Hamp, Interleukin-1a (IL-1a), IL-b, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2) and colony-stimulating factor 3 (CSF3)] and one gene (SLC1A4), an amino acid transporter, was modulated (fold change 2, P< 0.05) in the TRF-treated cells. With a more stringent analysis (fold change 3, P < 0.05), only one gene (CSF3) was downregulated in the TRF-treated in RAW 264.7 cells. Analysis using the GO and KEGG pathways revealed interactions between pro-inflammatory agents such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-B), as well as signaling pathways of interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-17.

Conclusion: TRF modulated the expression of genes responsible for acute and chronic inflammation that were part of the lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX) inflammatory pathways. Further investigation on the effects of TRF in different cell lines and in vivo studies should be conducted in the future.
The Prevalence of Dental Anxiety among Dental Patients in Qassim Region
Authors: Alharbi Faisal S. , Alhodaithy Mazen Abdurrhman , Farhan Mohammed
Published: December 2021

Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dental anxiety among patients visiting dental clinics in Al-Qassim region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Methods: The 377 participants were selected from three major cities of Al-Qassim region - Buridah, Onizah, and Alrass. A self-administered questionnaire based on Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) was used to gather the responses of the participants. The questionnaires were handed to respondents during their regular visits to the dental clinics.

Results: The findings of the study revealed that 18% of the sample population suffer from severe dental anxiety. The analysis showed that feelings associated with anesthetic injection are the most-anxiety provoking factor while the next day visit is the least anxiety-provoking item. The findings show that female participants (M = 3.1, p = .001) significantly manifest more dental anxiety than their male counterparts (M = 2.8, p = .001). The younger participants demonstrate higher dental anxiety than other age groups.

Conclusion: The dental anxiety exists in the sample population. Gender and age are associated with varying MDAS scores.
The Production of Green Diesel Rich Pentadecane (C15) from Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Waste Cooking Oil using Ni/Al2O3-ZrO2 and Ni/SiO2-ZrO2
Authors: Sowe Momodou Salieu , Lestari Arda Rista , Novitasari Eka , Masruri Masruri , Ulfa Siti Mariyah
Published: December 2021

Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is applied in fuel processing technology to convert bio-oils to green diesel with metal-based catalysts. The major challenges to this process are feedstock, catalyst preparation, and the production of oxygen-free diesel fuel. In this study, we aimed to synthesize Ni catalysts supported on silica-zirconia and alumina-zirconia binary oxides and evaluated their catalytic activity for waste cooking oil (WCO) hydrodeoxygenation to green diesel. Ni/Al2O3-ZrO2 and Ni/SiO2-ZrO2 were synthesized by wet-impregnation and hydrodeoxygenation of WCO was done using a modified batch reactor. The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and N2 isotherm adsorption-desorption analysis. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed the formation of hydrocarbon framework n-C15 generated from the use of Ni/Al2O3-ZrO2 with the selectivity of 68.97% after a 2 h reaction. Prolonged reaction into 4 h, decreased the selectivity to 58.69%. Ni/SiO2-ZrO2 catalyst at 2 h showed selectivity of 55.39% to n-C15. Conversely, it was observed that the reaction for 4 h increased selectivity to 65.13%. Overall, Ni/Al2O3-ZrO2 and Ni/SiO2-ZrO2 catalysts produced oxygen-free green diesel range (n-C14-C18) enriched with n-C15 hydrocarbon. Reaction time influenced the selectivity to n-C15 hydrocarbon. Both catalysts showed promising hydrodeoxygenation activity via the hydrodecarboxylation pathway. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
A Patente como Ferramenta de Construção de Estratégia Tecnológica: um estudo aplicado ao aproveitamento da fibra de coco
Authors: Lemos Rangel da Silva Andrezza , Borschiver Suzana , Carvalho Rodrigues Ricardo
Published: December 2021

A consolidação da economia baseada no conhecimento e o dinamismo do processo de desenvolvimento científico-tecnológico tornam necessário o acompanhamento constante do estado da arte de um setor para que se possa mitigar o risco financeiro intrínseco à geração de inovação. Desse modo, a informação tecnológica tem sido cada vez mais utilizada como ferramenta de planejamento estratégico, subsidiando a tomada de decisão de instituições, empresas e, ainda, a formulação de políticas públicas, sendo a patente a fonte de informação mais relevante para esse fim. Para ilustrar o seu uso, o presente artigo apresenta um estudo de caso para aproveitamento da fibra de coco, um resíduo agroindustrial abundante no território nacional. Utilizando o método exploratório, no qual é feito levantamento bibliográfico para formulação de uma hipótese, foram analisadas 1.095 patentes concedidas, por meio das quais foi possível identificar relevantes oportunidades de aproveitamento do resíduo objeto deste estudo, sendo a principal delas a produção de itens para o setor agrícola.
Propriedade Intelectual para Inovação: percepções e perspectivas em uma escola profissionalizante
Authors: Freire Verônica Maria Vasconcelos , De Carvalho Joelia Marques
Published: December 2021

O ensino de conteúdos relacionados à inovação e à propriedade intelectual é determinante para a formação de profissionais aptos a atuar no contexto da economia do conhecimento. Este artigo retrata as principais conclusões de uma pesquisa exploratória que examinou se essa temática é abordada em cursos técnicos no nível médio do Instituto Federal do Ceará, Campus Caucaia. Por meio de questionários com alunos, entrevistas semiestruturadas com professores e análise de projetos pedagógicos, foram observados aspectos favoráveis, necessidades e barreiras para o ensino de tais conteúdos. Entre os resultados, o estudo demonstrou que os professores não apenas consideram relevante a inclusão da temática nas atividades educativas, como também defendem a ampliação do investimento na capacitação docente para melhorar os níveis dessas atividades. Os resultados revelam, ainda, informações úteis para aprimorar o planejamento de ações pedagógicas e para a realização de novos estudos sobre o tema.
Inovações Tecnológicas para Torrefação de Café: descobertas realizadas por meio de análise patentária
Authors: Lopes Andressa Regina , Romano Claudia Raissa Tavares , Alves Fernanda Salvador , Alvarez Victor Manoel Pelaez , De Mendonça Andrea Torres Barros Batinga , Santos Douglas Alves
Published: December 2021

O presente estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar os 1.180 pedidos de patente para torrefação de café no mundo. Destacou-se numericamente as tecnologias que poderiam ser introduzidas na indústria brasileira. Os resultados demonstraram que o mundo possivelmente está num ciclo de crescimento das tecnologias para torrefação de café. Elas são predominantemente inovações de produtos, são depositadas prioritariamente em poucos países e majoritariamente por multinacionais. Como conclusão, o artigo demonstra que a prospecção patentária pode ser uma alternativa no avanço tecnológico da indústria brasileira e pode garantir a identificação das tecnologias de fronteira de diversos setores econômicos. Os resultados obtidos ainda apontaram a necessidade de a indústria brasileira de Torrefação e Moagem analisar as 173 patentes da fronteira do conhecimento que não foram depositadas no Brasil, o que pode demonstrar tecnologias competitivas e de grande valor de mercado. Além disso, sugere-se um acompanhamento dos líderes do mercado para reconhecer a trajetória tecnológica do setor.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DOS MODELOS CONCEITUAIS NEDA-MC E FRSAD NA IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE ASSUNTOS DOS DOCUMENTOS ARQUIVÍSTICOS
Authors: Oliveira Rosy Mara , Lourenço Cintia Azevedo
Published: December 2021

O artigo refere-se ao resultado parcial de uma pesquisa aplicada. A discussão perpassa pelos entendimentos teóricos sobre os elementos descritivos que podem representar os assuntos dos documentos arquivísticos e pela compreensão sobre modelagem conceitual de dados. O objetivo é suscitar uma reflexão teórica a respeito da contribuição dos modelos conceituais de dados NEDA-MC e FRSAD na representação do assunto para documentos arquivísticos. Propõe-se, como objetivo deste trabalho, suscitar uma reflexão teórica acerca da junção dos modelos conceituais de dados NEDA-MC e FRSAD como contribuição na identificação dos assuntos para registros arquivísticos. Metodologicamente, trata-se de pesquisa exploratória baseada em levantamento bibliográfico que contemplou bases de dados referenciais, gerais e especializados, nacionais e internacionais de acesso aberto e regulamentados por assinatura nas áreas da Biblioteconomia, Ciência da Informação e Arquivologia. Utilizou-se termos de pesquisa em português, espanhol e inglês aplicados nos campos de assunto, bem como título e palavras-chave, sem recorte temporal. Os resultados apontam contribuições significativas da descrição arquivística, baseada no NEDA-MC, para auxiliar na representação dos assuntos dos documentos arquivísticos, uma vez que o modelo proporciona uma descrição completa para as categorias, as classes ou as subclasses contempladas pelos atributos das entidades thema e nomen do modelo FRSAD.
ABORDAGENS POLÍTICAS A PARTIR DA MEDIAÇÃO CULTURAL
Authors: Miranda Ana Maria Mendes , Cavalcante Luciane de Fátima Beckman
Published: December 2021

A mediação cultural é considerada essencial ao desenvolvimento dos sujeitos enquanto indivíduos e coletividade e possui um papel relevante nas discussões políticas e sociais. Com base no exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar como a mediação cultural pode ser utilizada como ferramenta política, no Feirão da Resistência e da Reforma Agrária da cidade de Londrina. Em decorrência, foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa e com coleta de dados por meio de pesquisa de campo. Cabe ressaltar que a coleta foi realizada através de uma observação estruturada das mediações culturais realizadas durante uma edição do Feirão, que foram registradas em um diário de pesquisa. Em um segundo momento, foram realizadas entrevistas estruturadas com os organizadores do referido evento. Entre os resultados destaca-se a presença de mediações culturais diversas, enfatizando-se as constantes temáticas políticas e sociais nestas mediações. Conclui-se que a mediação cultural é utilizada não apenas como representação para os movimentos sociais envolvidos com o Feirão, mas que se torna uma forma de luta para tais coletivos.
Long‐term analysis of irradiated skin after breast‐conserving surgery in breast cancer patients using noninvasive imaging
Authors: Mikami Kasumi , Kitajima Maiko , Noto Yuka , Itaki Chieko , Fukushi Yasuyo , Hirota Yoshiko , Mariya Yasushi , Tsushima Megumi , Kattou Keiichi , Osanai Tomohiro
Published: December 2021

Aims

In patients with breast cancer, skin assessment is useful for the treatment and prevention of postoperative adverse effects of radiotherapy. This study was designed to clarify the long‐term changes in the irradiated skin of patients after breast‐conserving surgery using visual inspection and noninvasive imaging.

Methods

We compared changes in the irradiated skin over time between evaluations, based on visual inspection and noninvasive imaging in 31 patients receiving postmastectomy radiation therapy. The condition of the skin was evaluated by visual inspection of the thermogram, and analysis of skin surface temperature, intensity of erythema, intensity of melanin, and hydration level.

Results

Skin surface temperature remained higher at the irradiation site after 11 months, despite the absence of erythema per visual inspection. The intensity of erythema was higher at the irradiated site until 17–19 months after completion of irradiation. Similarly, the intensity of melanin tended to be higher at the irradiated site compared with the nonirradiated site until 17–19 months. The hydration level at the irradiated site was lower at 6 months but recovered to match the nonirradiated site at 11–13 months. Impaired skin conditions assessed by noninvasive objective procedures persist longer than the assessment made by visual inspection.

Conclusions

Adverse effects should be treated or prevented in the long term in patients receiving postmastectomy radiation therapy.
Force‐Reversible and Energetic Indole‐Mg‐Indole Cation‐π Interaction for Designing Toughened and Multifunctional High‐Performance Thermosets
Authors: Yang Li , Li Yicheng , Du Mengqi , He Yiting , Lan Yang , Yin Qiang , Zhu Fanghua , Chang Guanjun
Published: December 2021

Non‐covalent crosslinking has provided versatile and affordable solutions for the design of tough soft polymer materials, but it is not applied in stiff high‐performance thermosets. Here, the authors report a supramolecular approach for the design of tough high‐performance thermosets by using noncovalent sandwich‐structural indole‐Mg‐indole complexes that act as the force‐reversible and energetic crosslinking points, evading the inherent trade‐off between mechanical strength and ductility for high‐performance thermosets. Compared to traditional epoxy polymer materials, the indole‐Mg‐indole crosslinks of the network enables synchronously enhancement of mechanical strength and ductility owing to the increased interaction‐energy and efficient dissociation and reassociation behaviors given by the dynamic indole‐Mg‐indole complexes, which is quite challenging to achieve by conventional chemical methods. In addition, local manipulation of crosslinking confers the resulting thermosets with multiple fast stimuli‐responsive functions, such as recyclability, healability, and adhesion.
Long‐Range‐Ordered Assembly of Micro‐/Nanostructures at Superwetting Interfaces
Authors: Feng Jiangang , Qiu Yuchen , Jiang Lei , Wu Yuchen
Published: December 2021

On‐chip integration of solution‐processable materials imposes stringent and simultaneous requirements of controlled nucleation and growth, tunable geometry and dimensions, and long‐range‐ordered assembly, which is challenging in solution process far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Superwetting interfaces, underpinned by programmable surface chemistry and topography, are promising for steering transport, dewetting, and microfluid dynamics of liquids, thus opening a new paradigm for micro‐/nanostructure assembly in solution process. Herein, assembly methods on the basis of superwetting interfaces are reviewed for constructing long‐range‐ordered micro‐/nanostructures. Confined capillary liquids, including capillary bridges and capillary corner menisci realized by controlling local wettability and surface topography, are highlighted for simultaneously attained deterministic patterning and long‐range order. The versatility and robustness of confined capillary liquids are discussed with assembly of single‐crystalline micro‐/nanostructures of organic semiconductors, metal‐halide perovskites, and colloidal‐nanoparticle superlattices, which lead to enhanced device performances and exotic functionalities. Finally, a perspective for promising directions in this realm is provided.
Organic Bilayer Photovoltaics for Efficient Indoor Light Harvesting
Authors: Park Song Yi , Labanti Chiara , Luke Joel , Chin Yi‐Chun , Kim Ji‐Seon
Published: December 2021

Indoor organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are a potential niche application for organic semiconductors due to their strong and well‐matched absorption with the emission of indoor lighting. However, due to extremely low photocurrent generation, the device parameters critical for efficient indoor OPVs differ from those under 1 Sun conditions. Herein, these critical device parameters—recombination loss and shunt resistance (Rsh)—are identified and it is demonstrated that bilayer OPVs are suitable for indoor PV applications. Compared to bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ), the open‐circuit voltage loss of bilayer devices under low light intensities is much smaller, consistent with a larger surface photovoltage response, indicating suppressed recombination losses. The bilayer devices show a higher fill factor at low light intensities, resulting from high Rsh afforded by the ideal interfacial contacts between the photoactive and the charge transport layers. The high Rsh enables bilayer devices to perform well without a light‐soaking process. Finally, the charge carriers are extracted rapidly in bilayers, which are attributed to strongly suppressed trap states possibly induced by isolated domains and non‐ideal interfacial contacts in BHJs. This study highlights the excellent suitability of bilayer OPVs for indoor applications and demonstrates the importance of device architecture and interfacial structures for efficient indoor OPVs.
In situ spatial glycomic imaging of mouse and human Alzheimer's disease brains
Authors: Hawkinson Tara R. , Clarke Harrison A. , Young Lyndsay E. A. , Conroy Lindsey R. , Markussen Kia H. , Kerch Kayla M. , Johnson Lance A. , Nelson Peter T. , Wang Chi , Allison Derek B. , Gentry Matthew S. , Sun Ramon C.
Published: December 2021

N‐linked protein glycosylation in the brain is an understudied facet of glucose utilization that impacts a myriad of cellular processes including resting membrane potential, axon firing, and synaptic vesicle trafficking. Currently, a spatial map of N‐linked glycans within the normal and Alzheimer's disease (AD) human brain does not exist. A comprehensive analysis of the spatial N‐linked glycome would improve our understanding of brain energy metabolism, linking metabolism to signaling events perturbed during AD progression, and could illuminate new therapeutic strategies. Herein we report an optimized in situ workflow for enzyme‐assisted, matrix‐assisted laser desorption and ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of brain N‐linked glycans. Using this workflow, we spatially interrogated N‐linked glycan heterogeneity in both mouse and human AD brains and their respective age‐matched controls. We identified robust regional‐specific N‐linked glycan changes associated with AD in mice and humans. These data suggest that N‐linked glycan dysregulation could be an underpinning of AD pathologies.
Atomic Bridging Structure of Nickel–Nitrogen–Carbon for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2
Authors: Cao Xueying , Zhao Lanling , Wulan Bari , Tan Dongxing , Chen Qianwu , Ma Jizhen , Zhang Jintao
Published: December 2021

To meet strategic applications, electrochemical reduction of CO2 into value‐added chemical molecules would be improved by the rational design of advanced electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed active sites. Herein an electrospun‐pyrolysis cooperative strategy is presented to not only modulate the porous structure of the carbon support for favorable charge and mass transfer, but also adjust the bridging structure of atomically dispersed metal species. Typically, the experimental results and theoretical calculations revealed that the unique chemical structure of binuclear nickel bridging with nitrogen and carbon atoms (namely Ni2−N4−C2) tunes the electronic nature of the d‐states for the optimal adsorption of carbon dioxide and intermediates, thus inducing the substantial enhancement of CO2 reduction via the thermodynamically more favorable pathway. The identification of such a structure demonstrates the large space to modulate the atomic bridging status for optimizing electrocatalysis.
The Emergence of Aqueous Ammonium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Han Jin , Varzi Alberto , Passerini Stefano
Published: December 2021

Aqueous ammonium‐ion (NH4+) batteries (AAIB) are a recently emerging technology that utilize the abundant electrode resources and the fast diffusion kinetics of NH4+ to deliver an excellent rate performance at a low cost. Although significant progress has been made on AAIBs, the technology is still limited by various challenges. In this Minireview, the most recent advances are comprehensively summarized and discussed, including cathode and anode materials as well as the electrolytes. Finally, a perspective on possible solutions for the current limitations of AAIBs is provided.
Electromagnetic evaluation of radar absorbing materials based on conducting polypyrrole andorganic–inorganicnanocomposite of polypyrrole/kaolinite
Authors: Malere Caroline P. R. , Donati Bruno , Eras Nicholas , Silva Valdirene A. , Lona Liliane F.
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a study of radar absorbing materials (RAM), based on conducting polymer polypyrrole (PPy) and organic–inorganic nanocomposite of PPy filled with lamellar structure kaolinite clay (PPy/Kao) for X‐band frequency range application. PPy was obtained via a chemical synthesis using doping agent chloride acid, lauric acid, and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The nanocomposites were produced via in situ polymerization, where the same experimental conditions were applied for PPy synthesis. The radar absorbing composite was obtained by mechanically mixing an epoxy resin matrix with the synthesized materials. The characterization was done using infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analyses, and differential scanning calorimetry thermal analysis, and electromagnetic measurements. Kao in the nanocomposite was used to promote polymer anchoring, behaving as a host agent. SEM demonstrated that the synthesized nanocomposites produced growth morphology of interconnected nanoparticles in an almost spherical shape and mostly globular in a cauliflower shape, with homogeneous sizes and packaged structure. Results showed that the RAM obtained presented a good performance as an electromagnetic wave absorber, with thermal stability above 120°C and incident wave attenuation ranging from −10 to −33 dB (90%–99.9%) in the X‐band.
The importance of home: Satisfaction with accommodation, neighborhood, and life in adults with autism
Authors: Scheeren Anke M. , Howlin Patricia , Bartels Meike , Krabbendam Lydia , Begeer Sander
Published: December 2021

Although good quality housing and a socially cohesive neighborhood are associated with a higher well‐being in the general population, housing is a rarely studied topic in autism research. In the present study, we describe the housing situation of a large sample of adults with autism and mostly (above) average intellectual abilities (n = 1429; 17 to 84 years), and examine predictors of independent living, accommodation satisfaction, neighborhood satisfaction, and satisfaction with life based on an online survey. The outcomes of independently living adults were compared with those from a Dutch community sample (n = 929). Nearly 80% of the autistic adults lived independently. Older participants, women, and those with higher self‐reported IQ's were more likely to live independently. Autistic adults living independently were equally satisfied with their accommodation and neighborhood as the comparison group, but were less satisfied with their life in general. In both groups, higher satisfaction with accommodation and neighborhood was associated with higher life satisfaction. We advocate further research to better understand and anticipate the housing needs of the growing group of adults with autism.

Lay Summary

The living situation of autistic adults has rarely been studied. We found that 79% of autistic adults with mostly (above) average intellectual abilities lived independently. Women, older adults, and those with higher IQ's were more likely to live independently. They were equally pleased with their house and neighborhood as adults from a Dutch community sample, but autistic adults were less satisfied with their life in general.
Online team based learning in teaching Biochemistry for first year MBBS students during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Govindarajan Sumitra , Rajaragupathy Sujatha
Published: December 2021

The emergence of Corona Virus Disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic had unprecedented effects on medical education worldwide. Sustaining student engagement in virtual learning is an arduous task. Team based learning (TBL) is a learner‐centered approach that can facilitate better student engagement. Adapting TBL to online platform may address the challenges faced in virtual learning. This study was conducted to implement and evaluate online TBL among first year MBBS students in Biochemistry. After obtaining informed consent, three online TBL sessions were planned. The Individual Readiness Assessment Test, Group Readiness Assessment Test, and team application were assigned in Google classroom. The students used online platforms for their team interactions. After submitting their assignments, they joined online discussion with facilitator. Peer evaluation was done via Google forms. At the end of all the sessions, the students' perceptions on the process were collected using a structured anonymous feedback with open comments. Analysis of their feedback showed that the students found the process useful and it helped in fostering their team skills. Five major themes emerged on content analysis of the open comments; ‘Enriched team skills’, ‘Gain in knowledge’, ‘Impact on attitude’, ‘Interaction during pandemic’, and ‘Emotional responses’. Students perceived that the online TBL is effective in improving their engagement, learning, and team skills.
Anti‐PD‐1 therapy using cemiplimab for advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in HIV patient: A case report
Authors: Alloghbi Abdurahman , Ninia James , Alshare Bayan , Hotaling Jeffrey , Raza Syed , Sukari Ammar
Published: December 2021

This is a case of a 60‐year‐old man living with HIV who presented with advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. After workup, medical and surgical treatment, and disease recurrence, he achieved a complete response with no unexpected toxicities after immunotherapy with cemiplimab.
Hydrogen Conditioning Using Nanoporous Inorganic Membranes
Authors: Kämnitz Susanne , Simon Adrian , Richter Hannes , Weyd Marcus , Lubenau Udo , Geisler Tom , Voigt Ingolf
Published: December 2021

Carbon‐based membranes were manufactured by deposition of a polymeric precursor on asymmetric porous, ceramic substrates with tube channel geometry followed by pyrolysis. As a precursor, an unsaturated polyester resin prepared was used. The deposition of the carbon membranes results first on short substrate geometries (105 mm long single‐channel tube), further a first scaling‐up on 19‐channel geometry (250 mm and 600 mm length) was successfully performed. The synthesized carbon membranes show excellent separation properties regarding hydrogen/natural gas separation. The molecular sieving effect of the carbon membranes was detected via the pressure rising method with molecules of different kinetic molecule diameters. The molecular sieve membranes can be used at high temperatures and high pressures. The carbon membranes were successfully tested in real natural gas environment.
Likelihood landscape and maximum likelihood estimation for the discrete orbit recovery model
Authors: Fan Zhou , Sun Yi , Wang Tianhao , Wu Yihong
Published: December 2021

We study the nonconvex optimization landscape for maximum likelihood estimation in the discrete orbit recovery model with Gaussian noise. This is a statistical model motivated by applications in molecular microscopy and image processing, where each measurement of an unknown object is subject to an independent random rotation from a known rotational group. Equivalently, it is a Gaussian mixture model where the mixture centers belong to a group orbit.

We show that fundamental properties of the likelihood landscape depend on the signal‐to‐noise ratio and the group structure. At low noise, this landscape is “benign” for any discrete group, possessing no spurious local optima and only strict saddle points. At high noise, this landscape may develop spurious local optima, depending on the specific group. We discuss several positive and negative examples, and provide a general condition that ensures a globally benign landscape at high noise. For cyclic permutations of coordinates on(multireference alignment), there may be spurious local optima when, and we establish a correspondence between these local optima and those of a surrogate function of the phase variables in the Fourier domain.

We show that the Fisher information matrix transitions from resembling that of a single Gaussian distribution in low noise to having a graded eigenvalue structure in high noise, which is determined by the graded algebra of invariant polynomials under the group action. In a local neighborhood of the true object, where the neighborhood size is independent of the signal‐to‐noise ratio, the landscape is strongly convex in a reparametrized system of variables given by a transcendence basis of this polynomial algebra. We discuss implications for optimization algorithms, including slow convergence of expectation‐maximization, and possible advantages of momentum‐based acceleration and variable reparametrization for first‐ and second‐order descent methods. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
SimAnMo—A parallelized runtime model generator
Authors: Burger Michael , Nguyen Giang Nam , Bischof Christian
Published: December 2021

In this article, we present the novel features of the recent version of SimAnMo, the Simulated Annealing Modeler. The tool creates models that correlate the size of one input parameter of an application to the corresponding runtime and thus SimAnMo allows predictions for larger input sizes. A focus lies on applications whose runtime grows exponentially in the input parameter size. Such programs are, for example, of high interest for cryptanalysis to analyze practical security of traditional and post‐quantum secure schemes. However, SimAnMo also generates reliable models for the widespread case of polynomial runtime behavior and also for the important case of factorial runtime increase. SimAnMo's model generation is based on a parallelized simulated annealing procedure and heuristically minimizes the costs of a model. Those may rely on different quality metrics. Insights into SimAnMo's software design and its usage are provided. We demonstrate the quality of SimAnMo's models for different algorithms from various application fields. We show that our approach also works well on ARM architectures.
A single‐switch high‐gain DC–DC converter for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Kalahasthi Rajesh Babu , Ramteke Manojkumar R. , Suryawanshi Hiralal Murlidhar , Kothapalli Koteswararao
Published: December 2021

This article presents a high‐gain DC–DC converter consisting of a quadratic boost converter and a voltage multiplier, which helps to lift up the voltage gain. The gain will be further enhanced by increasing the turn's ratio of the coupled inductor. The key features include ultrahigh gain, low voltage stress across switching devices, low input current ripple, and hence, it is preferably suitable for renewable energy applications. A passive clamp lowers the voltage stress across MOSFET, so allowing switch with lowerRds(on)reduces the system cost. Besides this, input inductor makes current continuous and reduces input current ripple. The reverse recovery problem of diodes also gets diminished with the usage of leakage energy of the coupled inductor. The operating principle with different modes of operation is also explained. Zero current switching (ZCS) turn‐on is achieved for power switch, and ZCS turn‐off is achieved for diodes, which helps to reduce the switching losses. This improves the overall system efficiency. A 250‐W prototype is built up to validate the converter.
Connectivity affects species turnover in soil microarthropod communities during Mediterranean forest establishment
Authors: Doblas‐Miranda Enrique , Pino Joan , Espelta Josep Maria
Published: December 2021

Environmental conditions and the spatial arrangement of habitats are thought to play a major role in shaping community assembly during habitat construction and may be key in establishing time lags between habitat establishment and species colonization (colonization credits), and between local species extinction and habitat loss (extinction debts). Despite the importance of soil organisms in ecosystem functioning and their limited dispersal ability, these kinds of shifts in microarthropod communities have rarely been explored. We assessed the roles of the environment and connectivity in soil microarthropod community composition during habitat regeneration in Mediterranean forests. We selected three different forest patches in six study areas: one long‐established (pre‐1956; LONG) control forest patch, and two recent forest patches (post‐1956), one connected (CONN) to and one isolated (ISOL) from the LONG. In each patch, we determined soil temperature, moisture, pH, and fertility and collected soil samples for microarthropod extraction. Our results indicate that the densities of fauna such as oribatid mites and proturans with limited mobility were lower in ISOL than in other forest types; as well, oribatid populations in ISOL were less diverse. Arthropods with greater mobility than the precedent groups, such as collembolans and non‐oribatid mites, were present in lower densities in LONG than in other forest types. Oribatid assemblages in the two recent forest patches were more similar to one another than to those in the LONG. Recent forests were mostly dominated by known pioneer species, while LONG was dominated by the typical species found in well‐developed organic soils. In conclusion, oribatid density and richness had recovered surprisingly well in CONN, more so than in ISOL and to a similar extent as LONG. However, oribatid assemblages in the recent forests are different from those in long‐established forests due to the potential colonization credits and extinction debts triggered by soil development.
Sea or summit? Wild reindeer spatial responses to changing high‐arctic winters
Authors: Pedersen Åshild Ønvik , Beumer Larissa T. , Aanes Ronny , Hansen Brage B.
Published: December 2021

Because of climate change, wildlife is facing altered environments, including profound shifts in temperature and precipitation regimes. In snow‐dominated ecosystems, winter warming and resulting changes in snowpack properties impact forage accessibility for ungulates—often for the worse. The potential of individuals and populations to buffer negative fitness effects of harsh winters with “basal ice” (i.e., ice on the ground) and/or a harder or deeper snowpack depends on their ability to adjust behaviorally through changes in diet, dispersal, or small‐scale habitat use. Here, we use ten years of late winter snowpack monitoring and population census data from three neighboring, semi‐isolated coastal populations of high‐arctic wild Svalbard reindeer to explore small‐scale space use responses to annual variation in late winter‐foraging conditions. Based on location data from the population censuses, we roughly classified individuals' spatial foraging strategy (i.e., habitat use) during late winter into “tundra” (foraging on tundra plains), “mountain” (foraging at high elevations, with low plant biomass but less snow and ice), or “shore” (foraging along the seashore, subsidizing terrestrial food with kelp and seaweed). Using multinomial logistic regression, we modeled the probability of reindeer adopting either of these strategies as a function of density‐dependent winter severity. Our results suggest that effects of winter severity on habitat use are density‐dependent and that snowpack depth and hardness (excluding basal ice, measured as “integrated ram hardness,” IRH) have stronger influence on reindeer foraging behavior than basal ice, at least at such spatial scales. Particularly, high IRH increased the probability of reindeer seeking high‐elevation and steep terrain instead of tundra lowlands, but not at low population density, that is, when competition for food is negligible. This strategy was most pronounced among adult males, possibly reflecting their risk‐prone behavior and/or reduced competitiveness related to lack of antlers during winter. This study demonstrates important patterns of temporal, spatial, and demographic variation in reindeer's winter‐foraging strategies, adding novel, nuanced insights into how climate change affects spatial processes in isolated ungulate populations. The results add to the impression of considerable behavioral flexibility, which may aid buffering the negative fitness effects of complex changes in foraging conditions due to environmental changes.
Adverse Effects of Anti‐Covid‐19 Drug Candidates and Alcohol on Cellular Stress Responses of Hepatocytes
Authors: Khalatbari Atousa , Aghazadeh Zahra , Ji Cheng
Published: December 2021

During the pandemic, dexamethasone (DEX), remdesivir (RDV), hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), thapsigargin (TG), camostat mesylate (CaM), and pralatrexate were repurposed drugs for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, the side effects on the liver associated with the anti‐COVID therapies are unknown. Cellular stresses by these drugs at 0‐30 μM were studied using HepG2, Huh7, and/or primary human hepatocytes. DEX or RDV induced endoplasmic reticulum stress with increased X‐box binding protein 1 and autophagic response with increased accumulation of microtubule‐associated protein 1A/1B‐light chain 3 (LC3‐II). DEX and RDV had additive effects on the stress responses in the liver cells, which further increased expression of activating transcription factor 4 and C/EBP homology protein 1 (CHOP), and cell death. Alcohol pretreatment (50 mM) and DEX induced greater cellular stress responses than DEX and RDV. Pralatrexate induced Golgi fragmentation, cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, activations of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (PARP) and caspases, and cell death. Pralatrexate and alcohol had synergistic effects on the cell death mediators of Bim, caspase3, and PARP. The protease inhibitor CaM and TG induced autophagic response and mitochondrial stress with altered mitochondrial membrane potential, B‐cell lymphoma 2, and cytochrome C. TG and HCQ induced autophagic response markers of Unc‐51 like autophagy activating kinase, LC3‐II, Beclin1, and Atg5, and severe ER stress marker CHOP. Conclusion: These results suggest that the anti‐COVID‐19 drugs, especially with drug–drug or alcohol–drug combinations, cause cellular stress responses and injuries in the liver cells.
Unsteady MHD fluid flow past an inclined vertical porous plate in the presence of chemical reaction with aligned magnetic field, radiation, and Soret effects
Authors: Raghunath Kodi , Gulle Nagesh , Vaddemani Ramachandra Reddy , Mopuri Obulesu
Published: December 2021

The aim of the present paper is to investigate the Soret effect due to mixed convection on unsteady magnetohydrodynamics flow past a semi‐infinite vertical permeable moving plate in the presence of thermal radiation, heat absorption, and homogenous chemical reaction subjected to variable suction. The plate is assumed to be embedded in a uniform porous medium and moves with a constant velocity in the flow direction in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. The equations governing the flow are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using the perturbation technique. Graphical results for the velocity distribution, temperature distribution, and concentration distribution based on the numerical solutions are presented and discussed. Also, the effects of various parameters on the skin‐friction coefficient and the rate of heat transfer in the form of Nusselt number, and rate of mass transfer in the form of Sherwood number at the surface are discussed. Velocity distribution is observed to increase with an increase in Soret number and in the presence of permeability, whereas it shows reverse effects in the case of the aligned magnetic field, inclined parameter, heat absorption coefficient, magnetic parameter, radiation parameter, and chemical reaction parameter.
Cultural differences in visual perceptual learning
Authors: Chua Stephanie Y. P. , Rentzelas Panagiotis , Frangou Polytimi , Kourtzi Zoe , Lintern Maxine , Mavritsaki Eirini
Published: December 2021

Cultural differences in visual perceptual learning (VPL) could be attributed to differences in the way that people from individualistic and collectivistic cultures preferentially attend to local objects (analytic) or global contexts (holistic). Indeed, individuals from different cultural backgrounds can adopt distinct processing styles and learn to differentially construct meaning from the environment. Therefore, the present work investigates if cross‐cultural differences in VPL can vary as a function of holistic processing. A shape discrimination task was used to investigate whether the individualistic versus collectivistic backgrounds of individuals affected the detection of global shapes embedded in cluttered backgrounds. Seventy‐seven participants—including Asian (collectivistic background) and European (individualistic background) students—were trained to discriminate between radial and concentric patterns. Singelis's self‐construal scale was also used to assess whether differences in learning could be attributed to independent or interdependent self‐construal. Results showed that collectivists had faster learning rates and better accuracy performance than individualists following training—thereby reflecting their tendency to attend holistically when learning to extract global forms. Further, we observed a negative association between independent self‐construal—which has previously been linked to analytic processing—with performance. This study provides insight into how socio‐cultural backgrounds affect VPL.
Dmp1 Lineage Cells Contribute Significantly to Periosteal Lamellar Bone Formation Induced by Mechanical Loading But Are Depleted from the Bone Surface During Rapid Bone Formation
Authors: Harris Taylor L. , Silva Matthew J.
Published: December 2021

Previous work has shown that osteoprogenitor cells (Prx1+) and pre‐osteoblasts (Osx+) contribute to mechanical loading‐induced bone formation. However, the role of mature Dmp1‐expressing osteoblasts has not been reported. In this study we assessed the contribution of osteoblast lineage cells to bone formation at an early time point following mechanical loading (day 8 from onset of loading). We labeled Osx‐expressing and Dmp1‐expressing cells in inducible Osx and Dmp1 reporter mice (iOsx‐Ai9, iDmp1‐Ai9), respectively, 3 weeks before loading. Mice were then loaded daily for 5 days (days 1–5) and were dosed with 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) in their drinking water until euthanasia on day 8. Mice were loaded to lamellar and woven bone inducing stimulation (−7 N/1400 με, −10 N/2000 με) to assess differences in these processes. We found varied responses in males and females to the loading stimuli, inducing modest lamellar (females, −7 N), moderate lamellar (males, −10 N), and robust woven (females, −10 N) bone. Overall, we found that preexisting (ie, lineage positive) Osx‐expressing and Dmp1‐expressing cells contribute largely to the bone formation response, especially during modest bone formation, while our results stuggest that other (non‐lineage–positive) cells support the sustained bone formation response during rapid bone formation. With moderate or robust levels of bone formation, a decrease in preexisting Osx‐expressing and Dmp1‐expressing cells at the bone surface occurred, with a near depletion of Dmp1‐expressing cells from the surface in female mice loaded to −10 N (from 52% to 11%). These cells appeared to be replaced by lineage‐negative cells from the periosteum. We also found a dose response in proliferation, with 17% to 18% of bone surface cells arising via proliferation in modest lamellar, 38% to 53% in moderate lamellar, and 59% to 81% in robust woven bone formation. In summary, our results show predominant contributions by preexisting Osx and Dmp1 lineage cells to loading‐induced lamellar bone formation, whereas recruitment of earlier osteoprogenitors and increased cell proliferation support robust woven bone formation. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.