bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single‐Nucleus RNA Sequencing and Spatial Transcriptomics Reveal the Immunological Microenvironment of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ou Zhihua , Lin Shitong , Qiu Jiaying , Ding Wencheng , Ren Peidi , Chen Dongsheng , Wang Jiaxuan , Tong Yihan , Wu Di , Chen Ao , Deng Yuan , Cheng Mengnan , Peng Ting , Lu Haorong , Yang Huanming , Wang Jian , Jin Xin , Ma Ding , Xu Xun , Wang Yanzhou , Li Junhua , Wu Peng
Published: August 2022

The effective treatment of advanced cervical cancer remains challenging. Herein, single‐nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA‐seq) and SpaTial enhanced resolution omics‐sequencing (Stereo‐seq) are used to investigate the immunological microenvironment of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). The expression levels of most immune suppressive genes in the tumor and inflammation areas of CSCC are not significantly higher than those in the non‐cancer samples, except for LGALS9 and IDO1. Stronger signals of CD56+ NK cells and immature dendritic cells are found in the hypermetabolic tumor areas, whereas more eosinophils, immature B cells, and Treg cells are found in the hypometabolic tumor areas. Moreover, a cluster of pro‐tumorigenic cancer‐associated myofibroblasts (myCAFs) are identified. The myCAFs may support the growth and metastasis of tumors by inhibiting lymphocyte infiltration and remodeling of the tumor extracellular matrix. Furthermore, these myCAFs are associated with poorer survival probability in patients with CSCC, predict resistance to immunotherapy, and might be present in a small fraction (< 30%) of patients with advanced cancer. Immunohistochemistry and multiplex immunofluorescence staining are conducted to validate the spatial distribution and potential function of myCAFs. Collectively, these findings enhance the understanding of the immunological microenvironment of CSCC and shed light on the treatment of advanced CSCC.
Multi‐Degree‐of‐Freedom Robots Powered and Controlled by Microwaves
Authors: Li Yongze , Wu Jianyu , Yang Peizhuo , Song Lizhong , Wang Jun , Xing Zhiguang , Zhao Jianwen
Published: August 2022

Microwaves have become a promising wireless driving strategy due to the advantages of transmissivity through obstacles, fast energy targeting, and selective heating. Although there are some studies on microwave powered artificial muscles based on different structures, the lack of studies on microwave control has limited the development of microwave‐driven (MWD) robots. Here, a far‐field MWD parallel robot controlled by adjusting energy distribution via changing the polarization direction of microwaves at 2.47 GHz is first reported. The parallel robot is based on three double‐layer bending actuators composed of wave‐absorbing sheets and bimetallic sheets, and it can implement circular and triangular path at a distance of 0.4 m under 700 W transmitting power. The thermal response rate of the actuator under microwaves is studied, and it is found that the electric‐field components can provide a faster thermal response at the optimal length of actuator than magnetic‐field components. The work of the parallel robot is demonstrated in an enclosed space composed of microwave‐transparent materials. This developed method demonstrates the multi‐degree‐of‐freedom controllability for robots using microwaves and offers potential solutions for some engineering cases, such as pipeline/reactors inspection and medical applications.
Self‐Derivation and Surface Reconstruction of Fe‐Doped Ni3S2 Electrode Realizing High‐Efficient and Stable Overall Water and Urea Electrolysis
Authors: Li Derun , Wan Wenjing , Wang Zhaowu , Wu Hengyi , Wu Shixin , Jiang Tao , Cai Guangxu , Jiang Changzhong , Ren Feng
Published: August 2022

Exploring earth‐abundant, highly effective, and stable electrocatalysts for overall water and urea electrolysis is urgent and essential for developing hydrogen energy technology. Herein, a simple self‐derivation method is used to fabricate a Fe‐doped Ni3S2 electrode. The electrode exhibits an impressive trifunctional catalyst, with low overpotentials of 290, 198, and 254 mV at 100 mA cm−2 for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), urea oxidation reaction (UOR), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The durability is higher than 3500 h (146 days) at 100 mA cm−2 for the OER without obvious change. In situ Raman spectra reveal the incorporation of Fe inhibited S dissolution and facilitates the catalyst reconstruction. The density functional theory calculations indicate that the doping of Fe optimizes the adsorption of the rate‐determining step and the d‐band center is closer to the Fermi level, which accelerates the OER process. The two‐electrode electrolyzer needs the cell voltages of only 1.76 and 1.57 V to achieve a current density of 100 mA cm−2 and remarkable durability for more than 500 h at 100 and 500 mA cm−2 for overall water and urea splitting. This work holds great promise for industrial water and urea splitting applications.
Inadequate energy and protein intake, underweight and malnutrition are associated with in‐hospital mortality among COVID‐19 rehabilitation patients during the omicron outbreak in Hong Kong
Authors: Ting Terry Ho Yan , Lo Tiffany Hoi Man , Lo Winnie Wing Tung , Ding Qi , Yuk Daniel Ka Lok , Hui Elsie , Tang Maria Wing Sze
Published: August 2022

Objective

Malnourished COVID‐19 patients were prone to higher mortality and longer length of stay (LOS). This study aims to investigate the malnutrition risk prevalence in the COVID‐19 patients and how other nutritional indicators are related to the clinical outcomes in a rehabilitation hospital.

Methods

A retrospective cross‐sectional study involved 174 COVID‐19 patients during the rehabilitation phase. Malnutrition risk, nutritional indicators, mortality, and LOS were compared among different risk groups. Albumin, nutrition intake, and body mass index (BMI) were investigated for their effects on the clinical outcomes.

Results

The prevalence of malnutrition risk was 94.9%; those older were higher in malnutrition risk. BMI, energy and protein intakes decreased as the malnutrition risk increased. Albumin, energy and protein intakes were lower in the death group. The high malnutrition risk group and severely underweight patients had 2.7 times and 2.2 times higher in‐hospital death, respectively. For subjects ≥75 years old, the odds ratio to death was 6.2 compared to those <75 years old.

Conclusion

We observed a high malnutrition risk of 94.9% in COVID‐19 patients. Patients with malnutrition risk had a lower BMI, lower nutritional intake, and a higher chance of in‐hospital death. These results reinforced the importance of nutrition management in COVID‐19 patients.
Reliability of O*NET physical exposures between Italian and US databases
Authors: d'Errico Angelo , Gallo Francesca , Evanoff Bradley A. , Descatha Alexis , Dale Ann M.
Published: August 2022

Background

Comparison between cross‐national job‐exposure matrices (JEMs) may provide indications of their reliability, particularly if created using the same items. This study evaluated concordance between two JEMs created from United States (US) and Italian O*NET data, using job codes linked through international job codes.

Methods

Twenty‐one physical exposures were obtained from the US and Italian O*NET databases. Italian O*NET items were direct translations of US O*NET items. Six hundred and eighty‐four US and 586 Italian job codes were linked via crosswalks to 281 ISCO‐08 job codes. A sensitivity study also assessed concordance on 258 jobs matched one‐to‐one across the two national job classifications. Concordance of US and Italian O*NET exposures was estimated by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) in multilevel models adjusted and not adjusted for country.

Results

ICCs showed moderate to poor agreement for all physical exposures in jobs linked through ISCO‐08 codes. There was good to moderate agreement for 14 out of 21 exposures in models with one‐to‐one matched jobs between countries; greater agreement was found in all models adjusted for country. Exposure to whole‐body vibration, time standing, and working outdoor exposed to weather showed the highest agreement.

Conclusions

These results showed moderate to good agreement for most physical exposures across the two JEMs when US and Italian jobs were matched one‐to‐one and the analysis was adjusted for country. Job code assignments through crosswalks and differences in exposure levels between countries might greatly influence the observed cross‐country agreement. Future multinational epidemiological studies should consider the quality of the cross‐national job matching, and potential cross‐national differences in exposure levels.
Predicting Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson Disease through Incentive Biomarkers
Authors: Marín‐Lahoz Juan , Martinez‐Horta Saül , Pagonabarraga Javier , Horta‐Barba Andrea , Aracil‐Bolaños Ignacio , Bejr‐kasem Helena , Sampedro Frederic , Campolongo Antonia , Kulisevsky Jaime
Published: August 2022

Objective

This study was undertaken to evaluate whether the feedback‐related negativity (FRN)—a neurophysiological marker of incentive processing—can be used to predict the development of impulse control disorders (ICDs) in Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods

The longitudinal cohort consisted of consecutive nondemented PD patients with no ICD history. We recorded FRN signals while they performed a gambling task. We calculated the mean amplitude difference between losses and gains (FRNdiff) to be used as a predictor of future ICD development. We performed prospective biannual follow‐up assessments for 30 months to detect incident ICDs. Finally, we evaluated how basal FRNdiff was associated with posterior development of ICDs using survival models.

Results

Between October 7, 2015 and December 16, 2016, we screened 120 patients. Among them, 94 patients performed the gambling and 92 completed the follow‐up. Eighteen patients developed ICDs during follow‐up, whereas 74 remained free of ICDs. Baseline FRNdiff was greater in patients who developed ICDs than in those who did not (−2.33μV vs −0.84μV, p = 0.001). No other significant baseline differences were found. The FRNdiff was significantly associated with ICD development in the survival models both when not adjusted (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.58–0.91, p = 0.006) and when controlling for dopamine replacement therapy, sex, and age (HR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.55–0.97, p = 0.035). None of the impulsivity measures evaluated was related to ICD development.

Interpretation

Reward‐processing differences measured by FRN signals precede ICD development in PD. This neurophysiological marker permits identification of patients with high risk of ICD development. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:974–984
A Deprotection‐free Method for High‐yield Synthesis of Graphdiyne Powder with In Situ Formed CuO Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Jian , Han Xu , Wang Dongmei , Zhu Lei , Ha‐Thi Minh‐Huong , Pino Thomas , Arbiol Jordi , Wu Li‐Zhu , Nawfal Ghazzal Mohamed
Published: August 2022

With a direct band gap, superior charge carrier mobility, and uniformly distributed pores, graphdiyne (GDY) has stimulated tremendous interest from the scientific community. However, its broad application is greatly limited by the complicated multistep synthesis process including complex deprotection of hexakis‐[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]benzene (HEB‐TMS) and peeling of GDY from the substrates. Here, we describe a deprotection‐free strategy to prepare GDY powder by directly using HEB‐TMS as the monomer. When CuCl was used as the catalysts in DMF solvent, the yield of GDY powder reached ≈100 %. More interestingly, uniformly dispersed CuO nanoparticles with an average diameter of ≈2.9 nm were in situ formed on GDY after the reaction. The prepared CuO/GDY was demonstrated an excellent co‐catalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, comparable to the state‐of‐art Pt co‐catalyst. The deprotection‐free approach will widen the use of GDY and facilitate its scaling up to industrial level.
Ruthenium (II) complexes bearing N‐heterocyclic carbene‐based C^N donor sets in dye‐sensitized solar cells
Authors: Mary Angelina , Jain Nimisha , Sakla Rahul , Jose D. Amilan , Yadav Bhagwan Sahai , Naziruddin Abbas Raja
Published: August 2022

We present the syntheses of ruthenium (II) complexes bearing an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐based C^N donor set and an NCS ligand and evaluate their use as photosensitizers in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). These complexes deploy a monocarboxylic acid‐functionalized terpyridine (tpy)/phenyl‐tpy to anchor with the TiO2 of the photoanodes. Results show that the complexes devoid of the phenyl spacer between the acid anchor and the tpy harvest the visible light more effectively. Absorption of the visible light transfers the electron density from the ruthenium, NHC, and the NCS donors to the tpy acceptor (1MRuLdonorLacceptorCT). Stronger MRuLdonor σ‐bonds in the complexes with opposite NHC and tpy ligand configuration render facile ruthenium‐centered oxidation. In contrast, the metal‐centered oxidation of complexes with trans‐oriented NHC and NCS ligands is relatively difficult. However, these complexes display higher photon conversion efficiency (PCE) in DSSCs. One of them shows PCE of 3.44%, which is ~70% of the standard N3 dye, under similar conditions. A longer electron lifetime and the lowest charge transfer resistance at the TiO2/electrolyte interface derived from the electrochemical impedance spectra accounts for the enhanced PCE. Insights into the oxidized dye regeneration in a DSSC setup, obtained from the computed Hirshfeld charges and spin density, depict the essential role of iodide anion in dye regeneration. This report summarizes our investigation of photophysics, electronic structure calculations, and the electrochemical study of all newly prepared complexes and their use as photosensitizers in DSSCs.
Metal‐Free Aminocarbonylation of p‐Quinone Methides with Isocyanides: Synthesis of Sterically Hindered α‐Arylated Acetamides
Authors: Shirsath Sachin R. , More Devidas A. , Muthukrishnan M.
Published: August 2022

The synthesis of sterically hindered α‐arylated acetamides generally requires a multistep reaction sequence and is also difficult to access due to steric constraints. This protocol allows the synthesis of sterically hindered α‐arylated acetamides in moderate to high yields via 1,6‐addition of isocyanides to p‐quinone methides in the presence of BF3.OEt2. The present transformation features transition metal‐free conditions, avoiding the use of toxic carbon monoxide, broad substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, and operational simplicity.
Chlorine Substitution in Spirocyclic Derivatives Triggers SHG Response in Noncentrosymmetric Crystal
Authors: Gao Hong , Zhang Tie , Lun Meng‐Meng , Li Jun‐Yi , Lu Hai‐Feng , Fu Da‐Wei , Zhang Yi
Published: August 2022

Organic‐inorganic hybrid phase transition materials with switchable properties have important potential applications in smart devices such as dielectric switches and storage. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to modify molecular structures efficiently to obtain materials simultaneously possessing multiple responsive properties. Herein, different from ordinary halogen substitutions in Metal Halide, we report a halogen regulation design of organic molecular strategy: (ASD)2MnBr4 (ASD=5‐azonia‐spiro [4.5] decane) to (CASD)2MnBr4 (CASD=8‐chloro‐5‐azonia‐spiro [4.5] decane). After organic molecular halogen regulation, the SHG response was excited and the dielectric phase transition temperature (Tc) has also been greatly improved. Furthermore, under the irradiation of UV lamp, both showed green light with quantum yields above 50%. This work is of great significance for further exploration of multifunctional molecular switch materials through halogen modification strategies.
Performance of multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging validated by targeted and systematic transperineal biopsies
Authors: Hsi Richard A. , Dinh Tru‐Khang , Greer Matthew , Bensen Carleen , Mitchell Marc A. , Li Amy Y. , Stamm Andrew , Henne Manfred
Published: August 2022

Objective

To measure the performance of multiparametric (mp) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify intraprostatic tumour deposits using a systematic and targeted MR‐guided transperineal prostate biopsy technique.

Materials and Methods

Patients underwent a combined systematic and targeted MR‐guided transperineal biopsy procedure in the dorsal lithotomy position under general anaesthesia. Systematic biopsies were spaced 10 mm or less apart and additional biopsies targeted any Prostate Imaging–Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) 3, 4 or 5 lesions identified on mpMRI. Cancer detection rates were calculated on a per patient and per lesion basis.

Results

A total of 125 patients underwent the biopsy procedure. The positive predictive value (PPV) of mpMRI per patient was 59% for any cancer and 49% for Gleason score (GS) ≥ 7 cancer. The negative predictive value (NPV) of mpMRI per patient was 67% for any cancer and 88% for GS ≥ 7 cancer. On a per lesion basis, the PPV of PI‐RADS 3 lesions for any and GS ≥ 7 cancer was 24% and 10%. For PI‐RADS 4 lesions it was 42% and 32%. For PI‐RADS 5 lesions, it was 76% and 70%. MpMRI failed to identify GS ≥ 7 cancer found on systematic biopsy in 22% of patients.

Conclusion

Based on a combination of systematic and targeted transperineal prostate biopsies, mpMRI showed a high NPV and low PPV for GS ≥ 7 cancer on a per patient basis. The PPV of mpMRI on a per lesion basis increased with increasing PI‐RADS score. However, there were a significant number of both false positive as well as false negative (mpMRI invisible) areas within the prostate that contained GS ≥ 7 cancer. Therefore, pathologic confirmation using both targeted and systematic mapping biopsy is necessary to accurately identify all intraprostatic tumour deposits.
Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of neurotransmitters in rat brain tissue exposed to 4′‐fluoro‐α‐PHP
Authors: Viana Roberta Rodrigues , Pego Ana Miguel Fonseca , de Oliveira Tiago Franco , Dallegrave Eliane , Eller Sarah
Published: August 2022

The combination of different advanced analytical techniques makes it possible to determine the concentrations of neurotransmitters in various biological matrices, providing a complex and comprehensive study of the effects of psychoactive substances. The present study aimed to develop and validate a fast and simple analytical method for the determination of acetylcholine, serotonin, γ‐aminobutyric acid, glutamate, dopamine and metabolites in rats brain tissue by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The brain was homogenized and aliquots of the sample, dopamine‐d4, and acetone were added to a tube and then vortexed and centrifuged. The supernatant was collected and dried. The residue was reconstituted and injected. The LLOQ ranged from 0.001 to 1 μg/g; the intra‐run precision ranged from 0.47 to 11.52%; the inter‐run precision ranged from 0.68 to 17.54%; and the bias ranged from 89.10 to 109.60%. As proof of concept, the method was applied to animals exposed to the synthetic cathinone 4′‐fuoro‐α‐pyrrolidinohexanophenone (300 mg/kg). In addition, the workflow proved to be simple, rapid and useful to estimate the concentration of neurotransmitters. This analytical tool can be used to support the investigation of the changes in the neurochemical profile for the characterization of the mechanism of action of psychoactive substances, as well as both neurological and psychiatric diseases.
“Wanting” versus “needing” related value: An fMRI meta‐analysis
Authors: Bosulu Juvenal , Allaire Max‐Antoine , Tremblay‐Grénier Laurence , Luo Yi , Eickhoff Simon , Hétu Sébastien
Published: August 2022

Consumption and its excesses are sometimes explained by imbalance of need or lack of control over “wanting.” “Wanting” assigns value to cues that predict rewards, whereas “needing” assigns value to biologically significant stimuli that one is deprived of. Here we aimed at studying how the brain activation patterns related to value of “wanted” stimuli differs from that of “needed” stimuli using activation likelihood estimation neuroimaging meta‐analysis approaches. We used the perception of a cue predicting a reward for “wanting” related value and the perception of food stimuli in a hungry state as a model for “needing” related value. We carried out separate, contrasts, and conjunction meta‐analyses to identify differences and similarities between “wanting” and “needing” values. Our overall results for “wanting” related value show consistent activation of the ventral tegmental area, striatum, and pallidum, regions that both activate behavior and direct choice, while for “needing” related value, we found an overall consistent activation of the middle insula and to some extent the caudal‐ventral putamen, regions that only direct choice. Our study suggests that wanting has more control on consumption and behavioral activation.
Bridging the gap between state–business interactions and air pollution: The role of environment, social responsibility, and corporate governance performance
Authors: Meng Guanfei , Li Jianglong , Yang Xiuwang
Published: August 2022

Compared with the impact of listed corporates' environment, social responsibility, and corporate governance (ESG) on financing and market value, considerably less attention is paid to the role of ESG performance in improving environmental quality in China. However, exploring the environmental motivation of listed corporates' ESG engagement is vital for shareholder protection and corporate strategic development under state–business interactions. Thus, we study the relationship between state–business interactions and air pollution from the perspective of ESG using the dataset of Chinese listed corporates. The results demonstrate that the state–business collusion interactions increase air pollution by hindering the fulfillment of ESG. Meanwhile, this impact of heavy pollution corporates is higher than that of industrial corporates. However, the deleterious relationship might be largely improved when state–business interactions are “clean.” Finally, we observe that ESG mediates the relationship between state–business interactions and pollutants.
Risk of cutaneous adverse events in cancer patients treated with phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase inhibitors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wang Yushu , Ma Zhuo , An Zhuoling , Zhang Yi , Feng Xin , Yu Xiaojia
Published: August 2022

Background

Cutaneous adverse effects (AEs) are common following the phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitors treatment. We aim to estimate the incidence and risk of PI3K inhibitor‐related cutaneous AEs.

Methods

The protocol was submitted to the PROSPERO registry. We searched ClinicalTrials.gov and international databases up to July 29, 2022. Meta‐analysis was conducted by using risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Fourteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comprising 3877 patients were analyzed in this study. Compared with control arms, PI3K inhibitors showed a significant increase in the risk of all‐grade rash, high‐grade rash, and serious rash events (RR 2.29, 95% CI 1.58–3.31, p < 0.00001; RR 9.34, 95% CI 4.21–20.69, p < 0.00001; RR 5.11, 95% CI 2.11–12.36, p = 0.0003). The overall incidences of all‐grade rash and high‐grade rash were 26.2% (592/2257) and 4.4% (66/1487). Subgroup analyses of all‐grade rash according to cancer types and PI3K inhibitor assignations identified the significant associations. PI3K inhibitors also significantly increased the risk of pruritus and dry skin (RR 1.63, 95% CI 1.14–2.33, p = 0.007; RR 3.34, 95% CI 2.30–4.85, p < 0.00001), with incidences of 13.4% (284/2115) and 9.8% (141/1436) in the treatment group.

Conclusion

There is a significantly increased risk of some cutaneous AEs in patients using PI3K inhibitors. Advance intervention is recommended in case of severe and life‐threatening events. Further research is required to investigate the risk factors and pathogenesis.
Sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid in non‐small‐cell lung cancer patients with leptomeningeal metastasis: A systematic review
Authors: Gao Tianqi , Chen Fengxi , Li Man
Published: August 2022

Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) refers to the dissemination of malignant cells in the subarachnoid space, pia, and arachnoid mater and is a severe condition associated with metastatic solid tumors. The most common solid tumor that develops into LM is lung cancer and the incidence increased in patients with advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with targetable mutations. However, tissue biopsy of LM is inaccessible, leading to the paucity of genomic profiles of LM to guide targeted treatments and explore biological mechanisms. In recent years, liquid biopsy is considered a minimally invasive and dynamic method to trace the genomic alterations of cancer cells and some studies started to perform sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with LM to reveal the targeted mutations and genomic profiles. In this review, we focused on studies performed sequencing of CSF in NSCLC patients with LM and summarized the sequencing results and their commonality. As the only way to reveal the genomic landscapes of LM, our review provided evidence that sequencing of CSF is a promising management method in LM patients to dynamically guide target therapy and monitor intracranial tumor response. Furthermore, it reveals a unique genomic profile of LM including driver genes, drug‐resistant mutations, and a number of copy number variations. Sequencing of CSF in LM patients seems to provide more comprehensive genomic information than we expected and the biological significance behind the genomic alternations needs further study.
Exploring the influencing factors of wall‐following behavior in a virtual reality fire evacuation game
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Tingting , Liu Zhen , Chai Yanjie
Published: August 2022

In most of fire evacuation, people follow the walls. The reasons behind this escape behavior have not been verified by experiments. In this article, we design a virtual reality (VR) fire evacuation game with realistic virtual environment to explore the effects of smoke concentration, individual familiarity with the environment, and neighbor behavior on individual wall‐following behavior. Individuals' familiarity with the environment is obtained through experimental training and the frequencies of their behavior along the wall at different smoke concentrations are recorded. From a subjective perspective, we use the presence scale to assess the immersion of the designed VR game. The results show that users have a good level of presence in the designed VR game. From an objective perspective, we analyze the game data using a statistically based approach. The analysis shows that high concentration of smoke, unfamiliar with the environment will increase individuals' reliance on walls, but neighbor behavior along the wall has no significant effect on individual wall‐following behavior.
Design, Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of N‐Acylhydrazone‐Incorporated Isoxazolo[4,5‐d]pyridazin‐4(5H)‐one Derivatives
Authors: Ozadali‐Sari Keriman , Ceylan Serenay , Yucel Evnur Sinem , Sabuncuoglu Suna , Unsal‐Tan Oya
Published: August 2022

A series of isoxazolo[4,5‐d]pyridazin‐4(5H)‐one hybrids with N‐acylhydrazone structure was prepared and screened for their cytotoxic activities. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of the target molecules was evaluated against a panel of sixty cancer cell lines (NCI‐60) by the National Cancer Institute. Seven of the target compounds showed prominent % inhibition against various cancer cell lines at the one‐dose assay and were subsequently screened for five‐dose assay. 4d, 4e and 4g (full panel mean graph midpoint GI50=9.33, 5.25 and 7.94 μM) emerged as the most promising derivatives against multiple cancer cell lines in comparison with 5‐fluorouracil and gefitinib (full panel mean graph midpoint GI50=18.60 and 3.46 μM). They exhibited remarkable antiproliferative activity with GI50 values submicromolar concentrations against some of the cell lines. The compounds were also found to display mild toxicity to the healthy cells compared to the cancer cell lines indicating safety. Druglikeness and high oral bioavailability were predicted for most of the compounds. As a result, a current study unveiled isoxazolo[4,5‐d]pyridazin‐4(5H)‐ones bearing N‐acylhydrazone as promising anticancer agents with antiproliferative effects.
γ‐Oryzanol concentrations in various rice genotypes ripened under different air temperatures
Authors: Nakano Hiroshi , Yoshida Hiroe , Yabe Shiori , Fushimi Erina , Tanaka Ryo , Yamasaki Masanori , Nakagawa Hiroshi
Published: August 2022

Background and Objective

Two steryl ferulates (γ‐oryzanol), that is, cycloartenyl ferulate and 24‐methylenecycloartanyl ferulate, were previously isolated as biomarkers for heat stress during ripening in rice (Oryza sativa L.). γ‐Oryzanol is also known to exert several biomedical effects, such as antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer activities. In the present study, we aimed to determine the effect of air temperature during 1–30, 1–15, and 16–30 days after heading on the concentrations of γ‐oryzanol using 92 rice genotypes.

Findings

The concentration of cycloartenyl ferulate had strong negative correlations with daily maximum air temperatures during 16–30 days after heading. However, the concentrations of 24‐methylenecycloartanyl ferulate and total γ‐oryzanol exhibited strong positive correlations with daily minimum air temperatures during 1–15 days after heading. Moreover, there were strong genotypic differences in the concentrations of these compounds.

Conclusion

The concentrations of cycloartenyl ferulate, 24‐methylenecycloartanyl ferulate, and total γ‐oryzanol can be modulated by the selection of cultivars and growing seasons.

Significance and Novelty

This study investigates the concentrations of cycloartenyl ferulate, 24‐methylenecycloartanyl ferulate, and total γ‐oryzanol in 92 rice genotypes ripened under different air temperatures, which provided essential information for the development of rice cultivars and farming methods modulating γ‐oryzanol concentration.
Oxidation of Thiosulphate using TCNQFn (n=0, 2, 4) Derivatives with a Tuneable Driving Force: Electrochemical and Spectrophotometric Detection of a Protonated Intermediate
Authors: Alzubidi Anbrah E. , Bond Alan M. , Martin Lisandra L.
Published: August 2022

Fluorine substituent effects associated with the
and
(n=0, 2, 4, TCNQ=7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane) half‐cell reactions provide access to a wide driving force range (∼850 mV) which is available to tune redox reactions; in this case the oxidation of
to
by
or
. The
‐
/
redox chemistry was studied by steady‐state and transient cyclic voltammetry and UV‐visible spectrophotometry in acetonitrile containing 5 % water and
as the supporting electrolyte. In this mixed solvent system, all the
(n=0, 2, 4)‐
/
reactions were thermodynamically favourable, as were those of
(n=2, 4). However,
does not oxidize
. These findings lead to a prediction that the reversible potential for the
/
half‐cell reaction lies between −0.083 and −0.278 V vs SHE. Interestingly, in the investigation of the reaction of
and
in a 1 : 2 concentration ratio, a protonated
intermediate was detected. In contrast, when the oxidant was
(2,5‐difluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane) or
(2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquino‐dimethane), no evidence for an analogous protonated intermediate was found. However, if equimolar ratios of
(n=0, 2, 4) and
were used, the intermediate was again detected. The structure of the intermediate, described as
for convenience, is unknown, but this derivative of the redox chemistry is kinetically very stable and only very slowly deprotonated to
or reduced by excess
to give oxidized
and deprotonated
. Mechanisms are provided to explain the formation of the protonated intermediate.
PROTOCOL: Arts‐based interventions for offenders in secure criminal justice settings to improve rehabilitation outcomes: An evidence and gap map
Authors: Tallent Jacqueline , Phillips Jes , Coren Esther
Published: August 2022

This is the protocol for a Campbell evidence and gap map. The objective of this evidence and gap map is to presents the existing research on the impact of arts‐based interventions in secure criminal justice settings (SCJS) that aim to improve desistance outcomes for offenders. It will indicate the quality of available evidence, highlighting the gaps and informing future research priorities. Importantly, it will also identify where the evidence could be systematically reviewed. This would clearly produce a more comprehensive understanding of the available knowledge and an opportunity to move forward in a more direct and focussed way, with the potential to influence research, intervention development, and inform funding decisions.
Bone morphogenetic protein pathway responses and alterations of osteogenesis in metastatic prostate cancers
Authors: Provera Meredith D. , Straign Desiree M. , Karimpour Parvanee , Ihle Claire L. , Owens Philip
Published: August 2022

Background

Prostate cancer is a common cancer in men that annually results in more than 33 000 US deaths. Mortality from prostate cancer is largely from metastatic disease, reflecting on the great strides in the last century of treatments in care for the localized disease. Metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) will commonly travel to the bone, creating unique bone pathology that requires nuanced treatments in those sites with surgical, radio and chemotherapeutic interventions. The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway has been historically studied in the capacity to regulate the osteogenic nature of new bone. New mineralized bone generation is a frequent and common observation in mCRPC and referred to as blastic bone lesions. Less common are bone destructive lesions that are termed lytic.

Methods

We queried the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) prostate cancer databases for the expression of the BMP pathway and found that distinct gene expression of the ligands, soluble antagonists, receptors, and intracellular mediators were altered in localized versus metastatic disease. Human prostate cancer cell lines have an innate ability to promote blastic‐ or lytic‐like bone lesions and we hypothesized that inhibiting BMP signaling in these cell lines would result in a distinct change in osteogenesis gene expression with BMP inhibition.

Results

We found unique and common changes by comparing these cell lines response and unique BMP pathway alterations. We treated human PCa cell lines with distinct bone pathologic phenotypes with the BMP inhibitor DMH1 and found distinct osteogenesis responses. We analyzed distinct sites of metastatic PCa in the TCGA and found that BMP signaling was selectively altered in commons sites such as lymph node, bone and liver compared to primary tumors.

Conclusions

Overall we conclude that BMPs in metastatic prostate cancer are important signals and functional mediators of diverse processes that have potential for individualized precision oncology in mCRPC.
On enhanced estimation and monitoring of population variance using robust auxiliary parameters based estimators
Authors: Yadav Subhash Kumar , Ahmad Shabbir , Riaz Muhammad
Published: August 2022

Searching for efficient estimators of population variance as compared to sample variance has been the key area of interest of the researchers. Auxiliary variable has helped very much in finding estimators more efficient than sample variance. Auxiliary variable is greatly correlated with main study variable. Many authors including Isaki (J Am Stat Assoc 1983, 78, 117) used positively correlated auxiliary variable in the form of various conventional and non‐conventional auxiliary parameters and suggested different ratio type estimators of population variance. In this article, we have suggested a naïve class of variance estimators based on some robust auxiliary parameters, which deals with the outliers in the data. The properties including bias and Mean Square Error (MSE) of suggested family of estimators are studied up to first order of approximation. The theoretical as well as empirical comparison of introduced family of estimators is carried out with competing variance estimators. The estimator with the least MSE is recommended in different areas of applications. At last, the Shewhart type control charts based on the proposed estimators are also studies for application in quality control.
Iterative detection of CO‐OFDM signals with phase errors using circular random variables
Authors: Rezenom Seare H. , Takawira Fambirai
Published: August 2022

We propose a low‐complexity graph‐based iterative algorithm for the detection of coherent optical OFDM signals in the presence of residual carrier frequency offset and phase noise. We exploit the circular properties of the frequency offset and phase noise and derive graphical messages using the Gaussian probability density function. The proposed algorithm shows similar error rate performance as the existing algorithm at a much lower implementation complexity.
Hybrid optimization for fault‐tolerant and accurate localization in mobility assisted underwater wireless sensor networks
Authors: Nain Mamta , Goyal Nitin , Rani Shikha , Popli Renu , Kansal Isha , Kaur Preet
Published: August 2022

Mobility prediction and fault tolerance are extremely difficult due to underwater characteristics. Energy drain is one of the major causes for node faults. Hence, in this research article, a hybrid optimization algorithm is developed for fault‐tolerant and accurate localization in UWSN. In this technique, Artificial Butterfly Optimization (ABO) algorithm is applied for finding the distance between the anchors and the sensors. Each non‐localized node runs ABO algorithm for finding the distance amid the anchor or beacon nodes. Then, applying Quaternion‐based Backtracking Search Optimization (QBSA) algorithm, non‐localized sensor nodes are localized and to decrease the localization error based on the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), battery energy, and distance parameters. Aqua‐Sim a tool kit of NS2 is an open‐source software developed for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network research, and this proposed algorithm will be implemented using this software. By simulation results, it is shown that the proposed optimization algorithm reduces the localization error, latency, and cost and energy consumption.
Typha for paludiculture—Suitable water table and nutrient conditions for potential biomass utilization explored in mesocosm gradient experiments
Authors: Haldan Kerstin , Köhn Nora , Hornig Anja , Wichmann Sabine , Kreyling Jürgen
Published: August 2022

Drainage has turned 650,000 km2 of peatlands worldwide into greenhouse gas sources. To counteract climate change, large‐scale rewetting is necessary while agricultural use of rewetted areas, termed paludiculture, is still possible. However, more information is required on the performance of suitable species, such as cattail, in the range of environmental conditions after rewetting. We investigated productivity and biomass quality (morphological traits and tissue chemical composition) of Typha angustifolia and Typha latifolia along gradients of water table depth (−45 to +40 cm) and nutrient addition (3.6–400 kg N ha−1 a−1) in a six‐month mesocosm experiment with an emphasis on their high‐value utilization, e.g., as building material, paper, or biodegradable packaging. Over a wide range of investigated conditions, T. latifolia was more productive than T. angustifolia. Productivity was remarkably tolerant of low nutrient addition, suggesting that long‐term productive paludiculture is possible. Low water tables were beneficial for T. latifolia productivity and high water tables for T. angustifolia biomass quality. Rewetting will likely create a mosaic of different water table depths. Our findings that the yield of T. angustifolia and tissue chemical composition of T. latifolia were largely unaffected by water table depth are therefore promising. Depending on intended utilization, optimal cultivation conditions and preferable species differ. Considering yield or diameter, e.g., for building materials, T. latifolia is generally preferable over T. angustifolia. A low N, P, K content, high Si content and high C/N‐ratio can be beneficial for processing into disposable tableware, charcoal, or building material. For these utilizations, T. angustifolia is preferable at high water tables, and both species should be cultivated at a low nutrient supply. When cellulose and lignin contents are relevant, e.g., for paper and biodegradable packaging, T. angustifolia is preferable at high water tables and both species should be cultivated at nutrient additions of about 20 kg N ha−1 a−1.
Choice of benthic macroinvertebrate‐based metrics for assessing water quality in the littoral zone under anthropogenic disturbance in southern Lake Kivu (East Africa)
Authors: Hyangya Béni Lwikitcha , Kankonda Alidor Busanga , Dusabe Marie‐Claire , Murhimanya Jean‐Diste Kulimushi , Kaningini Boniface Mwenyemali , Masilya Pascal Mulungula
Published: August 2022

Benthic macroinvertebrates are widely used to assess the ecological quality of fresh waters. This is because they are in direct contact with the aquatic environment and respond differently to pollutants and changes in the watershed, which are difficult to assess by toxicological or chemical monitoring alone. This study used benthic macroinvertebrate parameters to assess the quality of the nearshore waters of lake Kivu. Twenty‐six metrics covering various aspects of the community were tested using whisker plots to compare their sensitivity in discriminating between reference and disturbed stations. Nine parameters (% EPT taxa, % Diptera taxa, % Chironomid taxa, % Insect taxa; % no Insects taxa, ratio EPT/Chironomid taxa, % moderate tolerant taxa, % very moderate tolerant taxa, Family Biotic Index) were found to be sensitive and were able to discriminate between reference and disturbed stations. All sensitive metrics, with the exception of the percentage of EPT taxa, were positively and/or negatively correlated with the physico‐chemical parameters affected by the changes in the littoral zone. The combined values of the three calculated biotic indices (ASPT, BMWP, and FBI) showed that the biological water quality varies from moderate to good in the reference stations and from average to poor in the disturbed stations. It is concluded that metrics based on benthic macroinvertebrates are effective for assessing water quality in the littoral zone of Lake Kivu in the context of the lack of historical water quality databases and specific tools for toxicological assessment. It is suggested to compare the performance of this approach with others currently used in bio‐indication.
Synthetic Studies on the Initially Proposed Structure of Protoaculeine B: Discovery of Neuronally Active Heterotricyclic Amino Acids
Authors: Otsuka Kazunori , Miyahara Masayoshi , Takaki Sara , Wakabayashi Ryoya , Miyako Kei , Irie Raku , Takamizawa Satoshi , Sakai Ryuichi , Oikawa Masato
Published: August 2022

Herein, we report our results on the synthetic studies of the originally proposed structure of protoaculeine B, isolated from a marine sponge. Starting from tryptophan, two candidates of the suitably protected heterotricyclic subunits were stereoselectively synthesized over 8 and 16 steps, respectively. Furthermore, two diastereomeric heterotricyclic amino acids, finally synthesized, were found to be neuroactive: the (9S*,11S*)‐isomer with natural‐type configuration was hyperactive, whereas diastereomeric (9S*,11R*)‐isomer was hypoactive upon mice intracerebroventricular injection.
Anti‐ and Pro‐Nociceptive mechanisms in neuropathic pain after human spinal cord injury
Authors: Lütolf Robin , De Schoenmacker Iara , Rosner Jan , Sirucek Laura , Schweinhardt Petra , Curt Armin , Hubli Michèle
Published: August 2022

Background

Deficient endogenous pain modulation and increased nociceptive excitability are key features of central sensitization and can be assessed in humans by conditioned pain modulation (CPM, anti‐nociceptive) and temporal summation of pain (TSP, pro‐nociceptive), respectively. This study aimed to investigate these measures as proxies for central sensitization in subjects with chronic neuropathic pain (NP) after spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods

In paraplegic subjects with NP (SCI‐NP; n = 17) and healthy controls (HC; n = 17), parallel and sequential sham‐controlled CPM paradigms were performed using pressure pain threshold at the hand, that is, above lesion level, as test stimulus. The conditioning stimulus was a noxious cold (verum) or lukewarm water bath (sham) applied contralaterally. Regarding pro‐nociceptive mechanisms, a TSP protocol with individually‐adjusted pressure pain stimuli at the thenar eminence was used. CPM and TSP magnitudes were related to intensity and spatial extent of spontaneous NP.

Results

Neither the parallel nor sequential sham‐controlled CPM paradigm showed any significant inhibition of above‐level pressure pain thresholds for SCI‐NP or HC. Accordingly, no group difference in CPM capacity was found, however, subjects with more intense spontaneous NP showed lower inhibitory CPM capacity. TSP was observed for both groups but was not enhanced in SCI‐NP.

Conclusions

Our results do not support altered above‐level anti‐ or pro‐nociceptive mechanisms in SCI‐NP compared with HC; however, they also highlight the relevance of spontaneous NP intensity with regards to the capacity of endogenous pain modulation in SCI subjects.

Significance

Central sensitization encompasses deficient endogenous pain modulation and increased nociceptive excitability. These two mechanisms can be assessed in humans by conditioned pain modulation and temporal summation of pain, respectively. Our data demonstrates a lack of descending pain inhibition only in subjects with severe neuropathic pain which may hint towards central sensitization at spinal and/or supra‐spinal levels. Disentangling the mechanisms of endogenous pain modulation and neuronal hyperexcitability might improve mechanism‐based treatment of neuropathic pain in subjects with spinal cord injury.
Freshwater Sediment Toxicity Evaluation from Meso-Scale Spill Tests of Diluted Bitumen and Conventional Crude
Authors: Mehler W. Tyler , Xin Qin , Giacomin Marina , Dettman Heather D. , Goss Greg G.
Published: August 2022

Oil and gas development and transportation in many areas of the world, such as the oil sands region of Alberta, Canada, are heavily monitored to minimize the environmental impacts of development and the risk of oil spills. However, oil spills to aquatic environments still occur. Although the science of oil spills has received considerable attention of late, uncertainty still remains in evaluating the fate and transport of oil spills as well as the effects of those spills on aquatic biota. Experiments using meso-scale spill tanks were used to examine the physical and chemical behavior of two types of oil, conventional crude (CC) and diluted bitumen (DB), under similar environmentally relevant scenarios (i.e., volume of spill, temperature, duration, wave action, and presence of river sediment). In addition, biological impact assessments via sediment toxicity testing collected from the oil spill tests were conducted. Sediments were evaluated for acute toxicity using three standard sediment test species: Hyalella azteca, Lumbriculus variegatus, and Chironomus dilutus. Sediments collected from the CC simulated spill showed a higher level of acute toxicity than sediments collected from spills with DB. Higher toxicity in the CC-contaminated sediment was supported by higher concentrations of low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) when compared with the DB-contaminated sediment, while the remaining PAH profile was similar between the contaminated sediments. The use of a meso-scale spill tank in combination with sediment bioassays allowed for the evaluation of oil spills under controlled and environmentally relevant conditions (e.g., nearshore high sediment loading river), and in turn provides assessors with additional information to identify the appropriate mitigation and remediation efforts needed in the event of future spills. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2797–2807. © 2022 SETAC