bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rheumatological Assessment Is Important for Interstitial Lung Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Levi Yair , Israeli-Shani Lilach , Kuchuk Michael , Epstein Shochet Gali , Koslow Matthew , Shitrit David
Published: August 2018

Objective.

Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) form a diverse group of parenchymal lung disorders. Currently, a multidisciplinary team (MDT) including pulmonologists, radiologists, and pathologists is the gold standard for ILD diagnosis. Recently, additional subtypes of connective tissue disease (CTD)-ILD with autoimmune features were defined, making the rheumatological assessment increasingly important. We aimed to assess the effect of adding a rheumatologist to the MDT for routine rheumatology assessment.

Methods.

A prospective study that assessed newly diagnosed ILD patients by 2 parallel blinded arms; all patients were evaluated by both MDT (e.g., history, physical examination, blood tests, pulmonary function tests, and biopsies, if needed) and a rheumatologist (e.g., history, physical examination, blood and serological tests).

Results.

Sixty patients were assessed with the mean age of 67.3 ± 12 years, 55% male, and 28% smokers. The rheumatological assessment reclassified 21% of the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis as CTD. Moreover, the number of CTD-ILD with autoimmune features was increased by 77%. These included antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis, antisynthetase syndrome, and IgG4-related ILD. Retrospectively, rheumatological evaluation could have saved 7 bronchoscopies and 1 surgical biopsy.

Conclusion.

Adding routine rheumatology assessments could significantly increase diagnostic accuracy and reduce invasive procedures.
Continuum Mechanics for Coordinating Massive Microrobot Swarms
Authors: MacLennan Bruce J.
Published: August 2018

This chapter addresses the problem of coordinating the behavior of very large numbers of microrobots to assemble complex, hierarchically structured physical objects. The approach is patterned after morphogenetic processes during embryological development, in which masses of simple agents (cells) coordinate to produce complex three-dimensional structures. To ensure that the coordination mechanisms scale up to hundreds of thousands or millions of microrobots, the swarm is treated as a continuous mass using partial differential equations. A morphogenetic programming notation permits algorithms to be developed for coordinating dense masses of microrobots. The chapter presents algorithms and simulations for assembling segmented structures (artificial spines and legs) and for routing artificial neural fiber bundles. These algorithms scale over more than four orders of magnitude.
A Current Review of Human Factors and Ergonomic Intervention With Exoskeletons
Authors: Schnieders Thomas M. , Stone Richard T.
Published: August 2018

Research and development of exoskeletons began as early as the 1960s. Recent advancement in technology has spurred a further research into the field specifically at rehabilitation and human performance augmentation. Human performance augmenting exoskeletons find use in the military, emergency services, industrial and space applications, and training. Rehabilitation exoskeletons assist in posture support and replacing lost function. Exoskeleton research is broadly broken up in this chapter by anthropometry: lower body, upper body, and extremities. The development for various anthropometry has their own unique set of challenges. This chapter provides a brief history, discusses current trends in research, looks at some of the technology involved in development, the potential benefits of using exoskeletons, and looks at the possible future improvements in research.
Personal Values and Proclaimed Values of the Education System
Authors: Alfirevic Niksa , Nedelko Zlatko , Potocan Vojko
Published: August 2018

The primary purpose of this chapter is to empirically analyze the relationships between the personal values of current students and the officially proclaimed values of education systems, based on the case of Croatia. To assess whether the declared values, which are intended to guide higher education, are accepted by students, a preliminary sample, consisting primarily of students from business schools in Croatia, is analyzed. The empirical findings show a high level of linear correlation among the variables, describing the students' values and the proclaimed values of the education system. Linear regression models, using gender, level of study, and scholarship status, show a causal relationship among the four dimensions of the proclaimed values and selected aspects of students' values. These findings can be used to rethink the potential contribution of students to the development of the Croatian education system, as well as to show possible directions of action for school leaders and policymakers.
A Triple Helix Model Based on Open Collaborative Innovation in Colombia
Authors: Ramirez-Salazar Maria Del Pilar , Perez-Uribe Rafael Ignacio , Salcedo-Perez Carlos
Published: August 2018

The open collaborative innovation model based on a triple helix proposes a way by which collaborative processes and innovation networks create value. It contains seven components: (1) innovation challenges, (2) internal-external knowledge, (3) paradigm change, (4) leadership, (5) interinstitutional and transdisciplinary teams, (6) communication, and (7) creative solutions; and six principles: (1) identity, (2) agreements,(3) flexibility, (4) commitment, (5) recognition, and (6) trust. This research emphasizes on the importance of Component 5 for programs of open collaborative innovation, since the joint work among the academy, the government, and the industry to create a triple helix consolidates systems of regional innovation that are necessary to improve national competitiveness and productivity.
Industry-Academia Collaboration in Business Schools
Authors: Kumar R. Satish
Published: August 2018

In today's competitive business environment, companies need to recruit right personnel for the right job at the right time. The competencies required for the managers to succeed in the corporate world are knowledge, skills, and attitude. In this context, the chapter explains the need for the industry-academia collaboration in higher education in general and business schools in particular. This collaboration should be at input, process, and output levels of the business school activities. Here the author with the case study of IFIM Business School, located in India, attempts to provide the insights into the best practices followed in industry-academia collaboration. The chapter explains the opportunities and the challenges in fostering effective industry-academia collaboration and offers suggestions to design a strategic win-win business policy for the partners.
Claws and All
Authors: Thomas Ursula C. , Carter Karen W.
Published: August 2018

Understanding why women are underrepresented in various levels of higher education leadership fields remains an important area of research. In the United States and in many industrialized nations around the world, higher education professions remain male dominated. Explanations for why women of color are not successful or are experiencing difficulty in higher education leadership professions are many and diverse. This chapter seeks to examine the discourse of Black female leaders in a predominantly White institution. The chapter will focus on types of management and communication styles that are disruptive to women of color in leadership as they lead without readily identified support in upper division administration.
What's Respect Got to Do With It?
Authors: Lewis Amandia Speakes
Published: August 2018

In this chapter, drawing from the research of the literature and personal experience, the author intends to analyze the intersectionality of race and gender in relation to respect, as well as explore institutional barriers with regards to respect from colleagues and students in and out of the classroom. Keeping in line with the theme of this edited book, forms of microaggressions will be explored as a way of understanding the impact of discrimination and obstacles to feeling respected by colleagues and students. Suggested strategies for an accommodating environment and an academic fit for women of color will be presented.
Molding Me in Their Image
Authors: Norwood Romney S.
Published: August 2018

This chapter examines how the paternalistic nature of academia shaped the author's development as a graduate student and as a young professor. Overcoming the oppression of a paternalistic culture is challenging for any woman, but even more so for women of color who are assumed to need even more steering, shaping, and molding. It is ironic that the discipline in which the author chose to pursue advanced studies, sociology, is a discipline that has a core goal of examining and challenging inequality. This, however, does not make it impervious to perpetuating inequality. This chapter examines how long it took to take control of shaping the author's own image and to learn to navigate a culture that is still heavily influenced by patriarchal standards.
Applying Artificial Intelligence to Financial Investing
Authors: Wimmer Hayden , Rada Roy
Published: August 2018

Artificial intelligence techniques have long been applied to financial investing scenarios to determine market inefficiencies, criteria for credit scoring, and bankruptcy prediction, to name a few. While there are many subfields to artificial intelligence, this work seeks to identify the most commonly applied AI techniques to financial investing as appears in academic literature. AI techniques, such as knowledge-based, machine learning, and natural language processing, are integrated into systems that simultaneously address data identification, asset valuation, and risk management. Future trends will continue to integrate hybrid artificial intelligence techniques into financial investing, portfolio optimization, and risk management. The remainder of this chapter summarizes key contributions of applying AI to financial investing as appears in the academic literature.
IT Strategy Follows Digitalization
Authors: Ochs Thomas , Riemann Ute Anna
Published: August 2018

The IT strategy is a key anchor for the further development of a company-centric information management. For serving as such, existing IT strategies need a regular check and revision to meet the ever-changing requirements of the companies' markets, to fit to the corporate strategy, and to get the most value out of the possibilities new IT technologies offer. The postulate is that all business areas need to think and act “digital.” This, of course, does require a “digital agenda” in every business area of a company that needs to be orchestrated based on a digital corporate strategy and supported by an adequate IT strategy. For IT this means that it will move towards the role of a business enabler that delivers the fundamental layer to allow a company to participate in the digitalization trends and get the benefit of the opportunities and manage challenges successfully.
Managerial Tools and Techniques for Decision Making
Authors: Askarany Davood
Published: August 2018

The main aim of this chapter is to explain what are considered managerial tools and techniques for decision making in the area of management accounting and how they developed and evolved over the time. This chapter is intended to help us document the innovation, evolution, and the adoption of a variety of relatively new management accounting techniques and practices in organizations. The chapter also looks at primary tasks/services performed by managerial techniques and tools to capture a wider range of techniques/tools that contribute to the conduction of managerial tasks/services but may not be listed as managerial tools in the literature.
From On-Premise ERP to Cloud ERP
Authors: Mezghani Karim
Published: August 2018

One of the concerns linked to ERP implementation is alignment. Indeed, ERP systems affect almost all business processes and even some strategic choices of a firm. That is why many studies focus on alignment concerns when studying ERP implementation. Nevertheless, firms are more and more interested in switching toward cloud ERP. This involves great challenges for business-IT alignment of an enterprise. Also, with cloud ERP, data and applications are provider-hosted. So, the way ERP is managed may be redefined and achieving alignment might be more challenging. Thus, this chapter aims to expose the major challenges and issues linked to ERP systems alignment. Some tendencies and best practices are also proposed for firms to overcome the alignment challenges, mainly in a cloud environment.
Concept and Practices of Cyber Supply Chain in Manufacturing Context
Authors: Gani Anisha Banu Dawood , Fernando Yudi
Published: August 2018

The objective of this chapter is to discuss the concept and practices of cyber supply chains (CSC) in the manufacturing context. Technological advancements are drastically transforming the manufacturing industry, which in turn drives the need for a digitally integrated supply chain. While CSC has its share of benefits, it is also vulnerable to cyber threats. In order to mitigate the risks, comprehensive security measures must be undertaken in the areas of technology, organization, governance, and culture, and they must be integrated into the company's established risk management processes. To ensure a resilient CSC, all members of the supply chain network must play a role to protect their respective systems from potential breach.
Latest Advances on Benders Decomposition
Authors: Fragkogios Antonios , Saharidis Georgios K. D.
Published: August 2018

Operations research and mathematical programming together with information science and technology are tools used to solve various problems in the modern economic environment. This chapter addresses the Benders decomposition method, which is used for the solution of problems of operations research. This method, applied to certain large-scale mathematical problems, can make their solution feasible (if they cannot be solved with another procedure) or can accelerate the solution process in terms of CPU time. The authors provide a thorough presentation of how the decomposition of a problem is made and the Benders algorithm is applied for its solution. The main purpose of this chapter is to analyze the recent studies that address the method's weaknesses and accelerate its application for the faster solution of mathematical problems. A large number of papers is presented and the contribution of each one of them to the improvement of the method is described.
Pricing Based on Real-Time Analysis of Forklift Utilization Using RFID in Warehouse Management
Authors: Celebi Numan , Savaş Kübra , Selvi Ihsan Hakan
Published: August 2018

Radio frequency identification is an automatic identification technology that is used in various applications. Despite the many academic and theoretical studies that have been conducted about this technology, only a few of these studies have concentrated on application problems in real life. Therefore, many of these theoretical studies cannot be of help to practitioners directly. In this study, to realize such an objective, in order to price forklift operations used in handling operations in logistics warehouse management, a new approach that works with RFID technology is presented. The proposed model has been used in tracking of forklift movements at the warehouse of a firm active in the logistics sector and has been tested. The results obtained from the case study have shown that developed systems can be successfully used in price determination of forklift movements in warehouse management. Although the case was small, the proposed approach works well to follow real-time forklift movements and produces encouraging and meaningful outcomes.
Using RFID and Barcode Technologies to Improve Operations Efficiency Within the Supply Chain
Authors: Smith-Ditizio Amber A. , Smith Alan D.
Published: August 2018

Managing supply chain relationships and/or working with suppliers to meet the mutual goals of operational efficiency and profitably can be enhanced through the use of RFID and barcode technologies. It is important in a lean environment to use RFID and related IT-intensive technologies to manage more robust and agile supply chains. The areas of improvement, as demonstrated in a case study of NE Ohio regionally headquartered firms' involvement of positive outcomes from the strategic use of automatic identification and tracking technologies, included successfully implemented applications as well as technological advancements and development.
A Next Generation of IT
Authors: Mallia Anthony J.
Published: August 2018

A potential new generation computing environment is emerging which combines wiki technology with semantic web concepts. This has brought about the fusion of the wiki execution ecosystem, a semantic web for model-driven applications, and a high-level language as an extension to wiki text for accelerated development. Semantic MediaWiki provides this platform and a fragment of a health record, including allergy intolerance as structured in HL7 FHIR with terminology bindings to SNOMED CT and to HL7 terminologies was developed by the author in a short timeframe (approximately 10 hours). The system navigates around the health record and controls the entry of terms in the record from controlled ValueSets. All terminologies and ValueSets are integrated into the prototype.
Information and Communication Technologies in the Healthcare
Authors: Gomes Jorge , Romão Mário
Published: August 2018

Web portals, sensors, electronic records, video communication, on-line gaming and mobile apps. These are all examples of information and communication technologies (ICT) applications or devices that might cause benefits to healthcare. The ICT has the potential to dramatically change the way individuals or society see the sector, and provide tremendous opportunities for supporting professionals, improving effectiveness and efficiency. Healthcare organizations have become more and more challenged on how to assure a fair return from ICT investments. Thus, the application of project management in health is important because it allow more productivity and, as a direct result, more accessibility, higher quality care and a safer environment to patients. The study of the success of these initiatives has become vitally important for the hospitals performance. The article collects relevant data and provide recommendations about the perceived benefits of ICT project implementations, proposing a review of the published work to provide some insights into the benefits of these implementations.
Kinetic Modeling of Ilmenite Reduction with Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Using MATLAB
Authors: Ibrahim Najwa , Keat Lee Chee , Ahmadi Eltefat , Ramakrishnan Sivakumar , Fauzi M.N. Ahmad , Rezan Sheikh Abdul , Mohamed Abdul Rahman
Published: August 2018

The reduction of ilmenite by a gas comprising of CNG, hydrogen and nitrogen mixture was investigated by experimental and kinetic modeling in MATLAB. The CNG flow time was varied from 15 to 45 minutes at the temperatures of 1100-1200°C for 1-3 hours. In order to predict the extent of reduction, a shrinking core model (SCM) and crackling core model (CCM) were employed for the kinetic modeling. The results showed that the extent of reduction of 80% was achieved by using a CNG flow time of 45 minutes at 1200°C for 1 hour. The kinetic modeling for non-isothermal SCM at the same conditions gave a predicted value of 87%. The CCM gave a predicted value of about 100% at the same conditions. The non-isothermal SCM showed a closer trend to the experimental results. The deviation between SCM and CCM with the experimental data was attributed to porosity, thermodynamic properties and minute thermal fluctuations within the sample during the reduction process.
Recycling of Waste Limestone as Fine Aggregate for Conventional and Green Concretes
Authors: Huynh Trong Phuoc , Hwang Chao Lung , Ngo Si Huy
Published: August 2018

This paper presents the results of the experimental works to investigate the use of waste limestone from water treatment industry as fine aggregate in green concrete. Two concrete mixtures with a constant water-to-binder ratio of 0.3 were prepared for this investigation, in which, the normal concrete mixture was designed following the guidelines of ACI 211 standard, while the green concrete mixture was designed using densified mixture design algorithm (DMDA) technology. For comparison, both types of concrete samples were subjected to the same test program, including fresh properties, compressive strength, strength efficiency of cement, drying shrinkage, electrical surface resistivity, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and thermal conductivity. Test results indicate that both concrete mixtures showed the excellent workability due to the round-shape of waste limestone aggregate and the use of superplasticizer. In addition, the green concrete mixture exhibited a better performance in terms of engineering properties and durability in comparison with the normal concrete mixture. The results of the present study further support the recycling and reuse of waste limestone as fine aggregate in the production of green concrete.
Experimental Research on Dynamic Stability of Asphalt Mixture Based on Time-Temperature Equivalence Principle
Authors: Li Jiang , Chen Fei , Yu Sheng Jun
Published: August 2018

Asphalt mixture is a kind of a viscoelastic material with viscoelastic characteristic of time-temperature equivalence. This paper, from the engineering practical consideration, and the perspective of time-temperature equivalence principle, based on the Rutting Test of Asphalt Mixture,has obtained equivalence relations of the effect of wheel speed and temperature on asphalt mixture rut index by different wheel speed and different temperatures rutting test, so as to provide the data support for the research of anti-rutting mechanism of asphalt pavement.
Void Content Measurement in Fiber Reinforced Plastic Composites by X-Ray Computed Tomography
Authors: John Mathew , Prakash Raghu V.
Published: August 2018

The void formation in FRP composites is unavoidable and the void content measurement is very important to study its deleterious effects on the mechanical properties of the material. Generally destructive methods are used to calculate the void volume fraction. But the recent advances in X-ray computed tomography can be used to detect and quantify the void content in the composites in a non-destructive manner. In this study average area method is proposed and validated for the void volume measurement from the X-ray CT image slices through digital image processing. The effects of void size, shape and position in the accuracy of the measurement is studied and presented here. The void volume fraction of a CFRP laminate manufactured with compression molding technique is calculated by this method and found to be around 1%.
Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Photocatalytic Activity and Hydrophobic Property of TiO2 Nanorod Arrays Prepared by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Kongsong Peerawas , Srakaew Nuan La Ong , Phoempoon Phatcharee , Masae Mahamasuhaimi , Sikong Lek
Published: August 2018

TiO2nanorod arrays (TNRs) films were fabricated on the polished Ti substrates using hydrothermal and then annealed for 2 h in air at 300°-500°C. The films were characterized by XRD and FESEM. The photocatalytic activities to degrade methylene blue (MB) in solution were determined, expecting these activities to correlate with the hydrophobic property. The experiment showed that rutile peaks recrystallized at the annealing temperature, with the crystallinity increase with increasing annealing temperatures. The TNRs films annealed at 500 oC had a comparatively high crystallinity of rutile phase as well as the highest photocatalytic activity of the films prepared. Surface wettability was studied by measuring the contact angle of the liquid interface which showed hydrophobic nature as water contact angles were greater than 120°. The results can be concluded that as-prepared TNRs film was annealed at 500 oC exhibits excellent hydrophobicity for water molecules and the highest photocatalytic activity on the degradation of MB under UV irradiation.
IL-21 Selectively Protects CD62L+ NKT Cells and Enhances Their Effector Functions for Adoptive Immunotherapy
Authors: Ngai Ho , Tian Gengwen , Courtney Amy N. , Ravari Soodeh B. , Guo Linjie , Liu Bin , Jin Jingling , Shen Elise T. , Di Pierro Erica J. , Metelitsa Leonid S.
Published: August 2018

T cells expressing CD19-specific chimeric Ag receptors (CARs) produce high remission rates in B cell lymphoma, but frequent disease recurrence and challenges in generating sufficient numbers of autologous CAR T cells necessitate the development of alternative therapeutic effectors. Vα24-invariant NKTs have intrinsic antitumor properties and are not alloreactive, allowing for off-the-shelf use of CAR-NKTs from healthy donors. We recently reported that CD62L+ NKTs persist longer and have more potent antilymphoma activity than CD62L− cells. However, the conditions governing preservation of CD62L+ cells during NKT cell expansion remain largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that IL-21 preserves this crucial central memory–like NKT subset and enhances its antitumor effector functionality. We found that following antigenic stimulation with α-galactosylceramide, CD62L+ NKTs both expressed IL-21R and secreted IL-21, each at significantly higher levels than CD62L− cells. Although IL-21 alone failed to expand stimulated NKTs, combined IL-2/IL-21 treatment produced more NKTs and increased the frequency of CD62L+ cells versus IL-2 alone. Gene expression analysis comparing CD62L+ and CD62L− cells treated with IL-2 alone or IL-2/IL-21 revealed that the latter condition downregulated the proapoptotic protein BIM selectively in CD62L+ NKTs, protecting them from activation-induced cell death. Moreover, IL-2/IL-21–expanded NKTs upregulated granzyme B expression and produced more TH1 cytokines, leading to enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity of nontransduced and anti–CD19-CAR–transduced NKTs against CD1d+ and CD19+ lymphoma cells, respectively. Further, IL-2/IL-21–expanded CAR-NKTs dramatically increased the survival of lymphoma-bearing NSG mice compared with IL-2–expanded CAR-NKTs. These findings have immediate translational implications for the development of NKT cell–based immunotherapies targeting lymphoma and other malignancies.
Human Lymph Nodes Maintain TCF-1hi Memory T Cells with High Functional Potential and Clonal Diversity throughout Life
Authors: Miron Michelle , Kumar Brahma V. , Meng Wenzhao , Granot Tomer , Carpenter Dustin J. , Senda Takashi , Chen Dora , Rosenfeld Aaron M. , Zhang Bochao , Lerner Harvey , Friedman Amy L. , Hershberg Uri , Shen Yufeng , Rahman Adeeb , Luning Prak Eline T. , Farber Donna L.
Published: August 2018

Translating studies on T cell function and modulation from mouse models to humans requires extrapolating in vivo results on mouse T cell responses in lymphoid organs (spleen and lymph nodes [LN]) to human peripheral blood T cells. However, our understanding of T cell responses in human lymphoid sites and their relation to peripheral blood remains sparse. In this study, we used a unique human tissue resource to study human T cells in different anatomical compartments within individual donors and identify a subset of memory CD8+ T cells in LN, which maintain a distinct differentiation and functional profile compared with memory CD8+ T cells in blood, spleen, bone marrow, and lungs. Whole-transcriptome and high-dimensional cytometry by time-of-flight profiling reveals that LN memory CD8+ T cells express signatures of quiescence and self-renewal compared with corresponding populations in blood, spleen, bone marrow, and lung. LN memory T cells exhibit a distinct transcriptional signature, including expression of stem cell–associated transcription factors TCF-1 and LEF-1, T follicular helper cell markers CXCR5 and CXCR4, and reduced expression of effector molecules. LN memory T cells display high homology to a subset of mouse CD8+ T cells identified in chronic infection models that respond to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Functionally, human LN memory T cells exhibit increased proliferation to TCR-mediated stimulation and maintain higher TCR clonal diversity compared with memory T cells from blood and other sites. These findings establish human LN as reservoirs for memory T cells with high capacities for expansion and diverse recognition and important targets for immunotherapies.
Foreign and domestic contributions to springtime ozone over China
Authors: Ni Ruijing , Lin Jintai , Yan Yingying , Lin Weili
Published: August 2018

Abstract. China is facing a severe ozone problem, but the origin of its ozone remains
unclear. Here we use a GEOS-Chem based global–regional two-way coupled model
system to quantify the individual contributions of eight emission source
regions worldwide to springtime ozone in 2008 over China. The model
reproduces the observed ozone from 31 ground sites and various aircraft and
ozonesonde measurements in China and nearby countries, with a mean bias of
10 %–15 % both near the surface and in the troposphere. We then combine
zero-out simulations, tagged ozone simulations, and a linear weighting
approach to account for the effect of nonlinear chemistry on ozone source
attribution. We find considerable contributions of total foreign
anthropogenic emissions to surface ozone over China (2–11 ppb). For ozone
of anthropogenic origin averaged over China, foreign regions together
contribute 40 %–60 % below the height of 2 km and 85 % in the upper
troposphere. For total ozone contributed by foreign anthropogenic emissions over
China at various heights, the portion of transboundary ozone produced within
foreign emission source regions is less than 50 %, with the rest produced
by precursors transported out of those source regions. Japan and Korea
contribute 0.6–2.1 ppb of surface ozone over the east coastal regions.
Southeast Asia contributes 1–5 ppb over much of southern China and South
Asia contributes up to 5–10 ppb of surface ozone over the border of southwestern
China; and their contributions increase with height due to strong upwelling
over the source regions. The European contribution reaches 2.1–3.0 ppb for
surface ozone over the northern border of China and 1.5 ppb in the lower
troposphere averaged over China. North America contributes 0.9–2.7 ppb of
surface ozone over most of China (1.5–2.1 ppb over the North China Plain),
with a China average at 1.5–2.5 ppb at different heights below 8 km, due to
its large anthropogenic emissions and the transport-favorable midlatitude
westerly wind. In addition to domestic emission control, global emission reduction
is critical for China's ozone mitigation.
Semi-volatile and highly oxygenated gaseous and particulate organic compounds observed above a boreal forest canopy
Authors: Lee Ben H. , Lopez-Hilfiker Felipe D. , D'Ambro Emma L. , Zhou Putian , Boy Michael , Petäjä Tuukka , Hao Liqing , Virtanen Annele , Thornton Joel A.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. We present hourly online observations of molecular compositions (CxHyOzN0−1) and abundances of oxygenated organic species in gas and submicron particle phases from April to June of 2014 as part of the Biogenic Aerosols-Effects on Cloud and Climate (BAECC) campaign. Measurements were made using the Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols coupled to a high-resolution time-of-flight iodide-adduct ionization mass spectrometer (FIGAERO-CIMS) located atop a 35 m tall tower, about 10 m above a boreal forest canopy at the SMEAR II research station in Hyytiälä, Finland. Semi-volatile and highly oxygenated multifunctional (HOM) organic species possessing from 1 up to 20 carbon atoms, and with as few as 2 and as many as 16 oxygen atoms, were routinely observed. Utilizing non-negative matrix factorization, we determined that > 90 and > 99 % of the organic mass in the gas and particle phases, respectively, exhibited one of three distinct diel trends: one in which abundances were enhanced at daytime, another in the early morning hours, and thirdly during nighttime. Particulate organic nitrates contributed  ∼  35 % to the total organic aerosol mass loading at night during BAECC, much higher than observed by the same instrument package at a mixed-deciduous forest site in the southeastern US that experienced higher nighttime concentrations of nitrogen oxides. Unique HOM monomers (defined here as those with 10 carbon and 7 or more oxygen atoms) and dimers (at least 16 carbon atoms), with and without a nitrogen atom, were found in most of the three subgroups of both phases. We show the potential to connect these groupings of compounds based on their distinct behavior in time to the expected chemical conditions (biogenic VOC precursor, oxidant type, etc.) responsible for their production. A suite of nitrated dimer-like compounds was detected in both the gas and particle phases, suggesting a potential role for the formation of low-volatility organics from NO3-radical-driven, as well as daytime NO-influenced, monoterpene chemistry.
Desplazamiento genérico y discurso criollo en la “Relación” de María de Estrada MedinillaGeneric Displacement and Creole Discourse in “Relación” by María de Estrada Medinilla
Authors: Zinni Mariana C.
Published: August 2018

In this essay I propose the study of a Creole version of the entrance to Mexico City of Viceroy Duque de Escalona (1640), written in verse by María de Estrada Medinilla. This version focuses on the absence and denial of particular aspects in the official chronicle of the events composed by Gutiérrez de Medina regarding not only the actual narrative of the festivities, but also a creole agenda articulated in a conscious manipulation of the genre “entrada de virrey.” The poet will displace with carefully crafted rhetorical devices the center point of the chronicle from the viceroy figure to the city of Mexico, accentuating the capacity of the “urbe” as a producer of identities in flux within the colonial authority.
La imagen delbuen pilotocomo prudente gobernante en la sátira anticortesana española del siglo XVIThe Image of theBuen pilotoas a Prudent Ruler in the Spanish Anti-Aulic Satire of the 16th Century
Authors: Rosario María del , Navarro Martínez
Published: August 2018

Within the subgenre of anti-aulic satire, the Court is represented in numerous testimonies of the Golden Age as vice and misery-ridden. This article addresses the development of one of their recurrent motifs: the metaphor of the buen piloto regarding the prudent ruler, usually present in texts that allegorically configure the Court as a mare malorum, and its Government as navigation. When applied to the dangers of this milieu, these representations entail a significant sociopolitical satire and parody. Following this perspective, we trace the literary path from their classical origins, exploring their presence, rearrangements and meaning in various anti-court texts from the 16th century. We thus aim to establish new connections with other works and with the complex phenomenon of European Courts, a highly topical issue.
Praises and Prayers to Mary in the Writings of Francisca Josefa de Castillo y Guevara
Authors: Herrera Clara
Published: August 2018

The Neo-granadine writer Francisca Josefa de Castillo (1671–1742) is mostly celebrated for her work in prose, despite having composed poetry. The nun wrote a narrative of her spiritual and mystical life known as Su Vida, and a record of divinely inspired emotions known as Afectos Espirituales. Among her poems is one dedicated to the Virgin Mary titled “Elogios y súplicas a María Santísima.” This poem is directly influenced by the Marian cult, strongly developed in the seventeenth century, that allows the reader to track the main points of discussion in the complex debate on Marian doctrine in the Christian tradition. The aim of this essay is to examine Castillo's theological approach to the Marian doctrine, and to analyze how Mother Castillo's Vida epitomizes the content of her poem.
Does Building Trust Enhance the Effect of E-Leadership on the Organizational Commitment? Empirical Evidence from Islamic Banks in Palestine
Authors: Iriqat Raed A. M. , Khalaf Dana M. S.
Published: August 2018

This study aims to investigate the enhancing role of building trust in the effect of e-leadership on an organizational commitment to the virtual teams in Islamic banks in Palestine. Furthermore, the article has found that: (1) E-leadership is significantly related to building trust and organizational commitment of the virtual teams in Islamic Banks in Palestine. (2) The three dimensions of e-leadership (engage, execute, and elastic) significantly predicted organizational commitment (3) building trust is significantly enhancing the effect of E-leadership on the organizational commitment in Islamic Banks in Palestine. Based on the results, the scholars recommend that banks should develop the banking procedures to be more elastic and more suitable for banking services to facilitate bank transactions.
Forord
Authors: Brenna Brita
Published: August 2018

”Dagens og fremtidens museer må ikke ha som mål å representere staten, men å gjenskape enkeltmenneskers verden,” skrev Orhan Pamuk i ”Et beskjedent manifest for museer” (Aenposten 2. mai 2012). Han lanserte dette manifes- tet samtidig med åpningen av Uskyldighetens museum i Istanbul, museet han bygget opp samtidig med at han skrev romanen av samme navn.
Anne Eriksen, Mia Göran & Ragnhild Evang Reinton. Tingenes tilsynekomster. Kulturproduksjon, materialitet og estetikk
Authors: Mordhorst Camilla
Published: August 2018

Vi omgiver os med ting, og der bliver flere og flere af dem. Man kan aflæse det i de verdensomspændende vækstrater og i de stadig større bjerge af skrald. Men også inden for kulturvidenskaberne dukker tingene op alle vegne.
Expand – Research in Norwegian science centers
Authors: Stuedahl Dagny , Frøyland Merethe , Eikeland Ingrid
Published: August 2018

The research program Expand – Research in Norwegian Science Centers, (UtVite in Norwegian) was initiated as a collaboration between Inspiria Science Center, and three research partners in science education.1 The project collaboration has as its main objective to understand the role of science centers for young people’s engagement, interest and recruitment to science. Further, the aim of Expand is to explore research methods suitable for participatory action research approaches to design-based studies of learning in science centers. This is a presentation of the research design of Expand in the first funding period 2011–2016.
Vikings: Life and Legend. British Museum
Authors: Knight Dorian
Published: August 2018

Within British culture in recent years there has been a growing fascination with all things Scandinavian. This has ranged from Danish television series The Killing (Forbrydelsen) through to hit Nordic noir novels and Northern European cuisine. At such an auspicious time when Britons have been re- evaluating their relationship with Scandinavia, UK museums have been exploring that most notorious period of Northern European history; 2013 saw a collaborative exhibition on the Vikings between National Museums Scotland and the Historical Museum (Historiska Museet) in Stockholm, Sweden. Now, London’s cultural powerhouse the British Museum is tackling the subject in Vikings: Life and Legend, housed in the new custom built Sainsbury’s Exhibition Centre and representing the first major take on the ancient inhabitants of the Nordic region in over 30 years at that institution.
Appropriate museology and the “new museum ethics”. Honoring diversity
Authors: Kreps Christina
Published: August 2018

This article focuses on what I see as two key movements in the museum world today: the emergence and adoption of a “new museum ethics,” and appropriate museology. I describe how these movements inform one another in both theory and practice; and how they manifest a growing respect for diversity – diversity in the ways different communities make sense of the museum as well as the objects that end up in museums, and diversity in actual practice.
Minority history in museums. Between ethnopolitics and museology
Authors: Kalsås Vidar Fagerheim
Published: August 2018

From the 1980s, the ethnographic museums came under increased criticism for displaying indigenous peoples as people without history. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, this critique of the exhibiting practices began to make an impact in museums, and the notion that they should exhibit oppressed and silenced groups in society, and thereby act as agents for social change, gradually gained momentum. This development also made its mark in Norway, where several museums began to exhibit the history and culture of ethnic minorities. With this turn, the political situation of the minorities became relevant. The article investigates how the museological and ethnopolitical changes in this period influenced the way museums exhibited minority history. Two exhibitions from this period are analysed: Latjo-Drom – The Romani/Travellers’ Culture and History at the Glomdal Museum and Sápmi – Becoming a Nation at Tromsø University Museum. The article discusses how the historical representations presented in these exhibitions can be understood within the contemporary museological and ethnopolitical contexts.
The museum foyer as a transformative space of communication
Authors: Laursen Ditte , Kristiansen Erik , Drotner Kirsten
Published: August 2018

This article explores how we may study physical museum foyers as multilayered spaces of communication. Based on a critical examination of ways in which the museum foyer is conceptualised in the research literature, we define the foyer as a transformative space of communication for visitors which has four transformative functions, and we ask the following question: How do people entering the museum practise these transformative functions so as to become visitors – and become non-visitors again on leaving? Answers are provided through an empirical analysis of the foyer as a transformative communicative space. Based on qualitative studies of four divergent Danish museums and a science centre, we demonstrate that the foyer’s communicative space supports transformative functions consisting of multiple phases before and after the visit itself, namely arrival–orientation–service–preparation (before the visit) and preparation– service–evaluation–departure (after the visit). We discuss the implications of these results for the museum and heritage sectors and argue for more granular understandings of the visitor perspective.
Diversitet og museale heterotopier – om naturalisering og nationalisering af kulturel diversitet i migrantnationer
Authors: Damsholt Tine
Published: August 2018

In old nation states such as those in Scandinavia, one current agenda is to bring cultural diversity into the museums in order to break up the mono-cultural narrative (whether national or local), and as such to undermine the formation and solidification of nation states that the nineteenth-century proliferation of museums was undoubtedly closely linked with. In the twenty-first century, migration – in particular – has challenged the traditional grand narratives of national heritage and unity materialized in museums. However, when turning to settler or migrant nations, this agenda is turned upside down. Discussing examples from museums in New York and Sydney and their way of dealing with migrant identities and indigenous people, this paper argues that cultural diversity can also be naturalized, normalized, or even nationalized as cultural heritage. In this alternative grand narrative, indigenous people risk ending up as an anomaly or internal ‘other’. Finally , these complex dynamics of cultural diversity and musealising practices are discussed in the perspective of the Foucauldian notion of heterotopias.
Kulturarv – et begreb til forhandling
Authors: Federspiel Beate Knuth
Published: August 2018

The international organisations active in the field of cultural conservation represent the normative framework for the protection of culture and heritage. Within this administrative and legal system, ideas about the overall meaning of the cultural heritage preservation concept are created and disseminated, and these have implications for museums’ obligations (collection, recording, conservation, research and communication), which collectively can be seen as society’s overall effort to preserve cultural heritage. The subject of this article is to examine how cultural conservation efforts shift focus in step with changes in society’s overall understanding of the concept of cultural heritage – which by nature is the object of these conservation efforts. The most recent UNESCO conventions on culture (The Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage and The Convention for the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions) testify to a growing appreciation of the value of this overall concept, focusing on people, right down to individual level – whereas focus was previously on national unity and a shared ”story” as the identification markers. The situation may seem especially justified by the distinction between tangible and intangible heritage, in which the intangible is increasingly taken into account. This article highlights key concepts and the continuing debate about their importance in the normative system. The emphasis is on the increasing value attributed to the concept of heritage, and the distinction between tangible and intangible heritage. Against this background, possible consequences for the basic conservation effort are discussed, because this is the foundation of the fundamental idea of what a museum is, as well as justifying the normative system in the field of culture.
Thomas Kühn: Präsentationstechniken und Ausstellungssprache in Skansen. Zur musealen Kommunikation in den Ausstellungen von Artur Hazelius
Authors: Hammarlund-Larsson Cecilia
Published: August 2018

Präsentationstechniken und Ausstellungssprache in Skansen. Zur musealen Kommunikation in den Ausstellungen von Artur Hazelius är en bearbetad version av en magisteruppsats framlagd vid Institut für Volkskunde/Kulturan- thropologie, Hamburgs universitet, 2008. Boken är en studie av friluftsmuseet som utställningsform ur främst kommunikativ aspekt. Det empiriska fältet är Skansen, friluftsmuseet i Stockholm grundat av Artur Hazelius 1891. Studien omfattar perioden 1891–1901, det vill säga från Skansens grundläggning till Artur Hazelius död 1901.
Opponentindlæg: Materials research in conservation and heritology
Authors: Aurasmaa Anne , Tuurnala Timo
Published: August 2018

Defining “museology” (also known as “heritology”) is as easy as describing any academic field – the minute you say something about it, someone sets out to prove you wrong. These fields are therefore most often defined by objects of scrutiny rather than methods of research. As the interests of museums vary from robotics and mathematics to music and sofas, the field of museology also covers all corners of human behaviour and doings, and does not need over-zealous surveillance of its boundaries.
Konsten som läranderesurs: syn på lärande, pedagogiska strategier och social inklusion på nordiska konstmuseer
Authors: Vatne Ingrid
Published: August 2018

Hensigten med bogen er at åbne op for en bredere debat om kunstpædagogik. Forfatternes fælles udgangspunkt tager afsæt i den antagelse, at kunst kan opfattes som en læringsressource, og de ser et behov for at afprøve nye formidlingsformer på kunstmuseerne. Publikationen er en del af et forskningsprojekt, der er lavet i et samarbejde mellem en gruppe nordiske forskere, og den skal formidle projektets væsentligste undersøgelsesresultater. Undersøgelsen har fokus på tre store og repræsentative nationale kunstmuseer: Nasjonalmuseet for Kunst, Arkitektur og Design, Oslo, Statens Museum for Kunst, København, Moderna Museet, Stockholm samt to mere specialiserede museer: Kiasma, Helsinki og Nordiska Akvarellmuseet, Skärhamn. Mens de tre nationale kunstmuseer er genstand for omfattende separate undersøgelser, gøres de to specialmuseerne til genstand for mindre, perspektiverende undersøgelser.