bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved K-means Clustering Algorithm and its Applications
Authors: Qi Hui , Li Jinqing , Di Xiaoqiang , Ren Weiwu , Zhang Fengrong
Published: December 2018

Background:

K-means algorithm is implemented through two steps: initialization and
subsequent iterations. Initialization is to select the initial cluster center, while subsequent iterations
are to continuously change the cluster center until it won't change any more or the number of iterations
reaches its maximum. K-means algorithm is so sensitive to the cluster center selected during
initialization that the selection of a different initial cluster center will influence the algorithm performance.
Therefore, improving the initialization process has become an important means of
K-means performance improvement.

Methods:

This paper uses a new strategy to select the initial cluster center. It first calculates the minimum
and maximum values of the data in a certain index (For lower-dimensional data, such as twodimensional
data, features with larger variance, or the distance to the origin can be selected; for
higher-dimensional data, PCA can be used to select the principal component with the largest variance),
and then divides the range into equally-sized sub-ranges. Next adjust the sub-ranges based on
the data distribution so that each sub-range contains as much data as possible. Finally, the mean value
of the data in each sub-range is calculated and used as the initial clustering center.

Results:

The theoretical analysis shows that although the time complexity of the initialization process
is linear, the algorithm has the characteristics of the superlinear initialization method. This algorithm
is applied to two-dimensional GPS data analysis and high-dimensional network attack detection.
Experimental results show that this algorithm achieves high clustering performance and clustering
speed.

Conclusion:

This paper reduces the subsequent iterations of K-means algorithm without compromising
the clustering performance, which makes it suitable for large-scale data clustering. This algorithm
can not only be applied to low-dimensional data clustering, but also suitable for highdimensional
data.
On-Chip Testing: A Miniaturized Lab to Assess Sub-Micron Uncertainties in Polysilicon MEMS
Authors: Mariani Stefano , Ghisi Aldo , Mirzazadeh Ramin , Azam Saeed Eftekhar
Published: December 2018

An increasing impact of micromechanically governed uncertainties is nowadays foreseen
due to the trend of progressively reducing the footprint of MEMS (microelectromechanical systems)
devices. For polysilicon MEMS, the two major sources of uncertainties, as resulting from the microfabrication
process, are linked to the polycrystalline morphology and to the etching. In this review, we
summarize some of our recent results related to the statistical assessment of the aforementioned
sources, on the basis of experimental data acquired via an on-chip testing device specifically designed
to enhance such effects. Through standard electrostatic actuation and readout, the scattering in the
response of a series of nominally identical cantilever structures is analyzed to determine characteristic
features of etching defects, and of the overall stiffness of the polysilicon film constituting the movable
parts of the tested devices.
Is Knowledge Enough? The Relationship Between Mental Health Knowledge and Stigmatising Attitudes Among Australian Adolescents
Authors: Teng Emmelin , Anthony Venning , Helen Winefield , Shona Crabb
Published: December 2018

Background:

Young people carry mental health problems disproportionate to the
size of their population, and rates of help-seeking are low. School mental health programs
have been developed to address these issues, founded on an educational approach to target
mental health literacy, and indirectly improve help-seeking. However, it has been suggested
that knowledge does not necessarily predict health behaviour in young people.

Objective/Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore whether knowledge
about mental illness was related to attitudes towards mental illness and intentions to seek
help in a sample of adolescent girls (N=327).

Results:

Results indicated a weak negative relationship between knowledge about mental
health and stigmatising attitudes about mental illness, but no relationship between
knowledge about mental health and intentions to seek help for mental health problems.
When mental health was categorised (e.g., optimal vs. poorer mental health), a negative
relationship between knowledge about and stigmatising attitudes toward mental health was
shown in those with poor mental health, but not for adolescents categorised as having
moderate or optimal mental health.

Conclusion:

Findings suggest that while the traditional adage - more information on mental
health equals better attitude to mental health - may be true for those with ‘poorer’ levels of
mental health (e.g., high levels of psychological distress), it may not reduce stigma
associated with mental illness or motivate positive health behaviour in adolescent girls with
‘optimal’ mental health (e.g., low or no levels of psychological distress).
Lack of Association between miR-605 rs2043556 Polymorphism and Overall Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis of Case-control Studies
Authors: Moazeni-Roodi Abdolkarim , Ghavami Saeid , Hashemi Mohammad
Published: December 2018

Growing evidence propose an association between miRNA polymorphisms and cancer
susceptibility. This study aimed to examine the impact of miR-605 rs2043556 polymorphism on cancer
risk through a meta-analysis based on 3198 cancer cases and 4943 controls. Eligible studies were
retrieved by searching Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases up to August
27, 2018. The pooled Odds Ratios (ORs) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were calculated
using a random-effect model to estimate the strength of association between rs2043556 variant of
miR-605 and cancer risk. Overall, no significant association was found between miR-605 rs2043556
polymorphism and cancer risk in heterozygous codominant (OR=0.93, 95% CI=0.76-1.13, p=0.44,
AG vs. AA), homozygous codominant (OR=1.01, 95%CI=0.78-1.30, p=0.94, GG vs. AA), dominant
(OR=0.95, 95% CI=0.79-1.13, p=0.55, AG+GG vs. AA), recessive (OR=1.07, 95%CI=0.84-1.38,
p=0.57, GG vs. AG+AA), overdominant (OR=0.93, 95% CI=0.76-1.12, p=0.43, AG vs. GG+AA),
and allele (OR=0.98, 95% CI=0.87-1.10, p=0.73, G vs. A) genetic models tested. Stratified analysis
by cancer type revealed that the rs2043556 variant was not associated with digestive tract cancer,
breast cancer, gastric cancer as well as lung cancer.

Taken together, the findings of this meta-analysis did not support an association between miR-605
rs2043556 polymorphism and cancer susceptibility.
Disponibilidad de luz bajo dosel en rodales de Abies religiosa
Authors: Plateros-Gastélum Pedro Antonio , Reyes-Hernández Valentín José , Velázquez-Martínez Alejandro , Hernández de la Rosa Patricia , Campos-Ángeles Gisela Virginia
Published: December 2018

La disponibilidad de luz en los bosques es uno de los principales factores que influyen en el establecimiento y desarrollo de especies vegetales bajo el dosel forestal. A fin de caracterizar el ambiente lumínico bajo el dosel de Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. et Cham., así como la estructura del dosel y su relación con la diversidad vegetal a nivel del sotobosque, se establecieron sitios de muestreo en los cuales se colectó información para evaluar atributos del rodal como área basal, densidad y diámetro cuadrático. Además, se determinaron, mediante fotografías digitales hemisféricas, los parámetros estructurales del dosel, índice de área foliar, fracción de apertura del dosel e índice de transmisión de luz; los parámetros lumínicos bajo el dosel: radiación directa y difusa, frecuencia, distribución de haces de luz, parches de luz, claros de luz y claros; duración media acumulada diaria de haces de luz y duración promedio de un haz de luz.  Se determinó la relación existente entre las variables de estudio mediante regresión lineal simple y de asociación de estas a partir del coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Los resultaron mostraron relaciones significativas entre parámetros estructurales del dosel (p < 0.001) y parámetros lumínicos; mientras que las relaciones de parámetros de estructura del rodal y parámetros lumínicos (p < 0.05) tuvieron una menor correlación (r ≈ 0.50). La fracción de apertura del dosel fue el mejor predictor para el índice de área foliar, radiación directa y difusa disponible en el sotobosque, así como para el índice de transmisión de luz del dosel. La variabilidad del régimen de luz bajo dosel fue mejor explicada por los parámetros de la estructura que por las características estructurales del rodal.
Kinerja dosen di bidang penelitian dan publikasi ilmiah
Authors: Retnowati Trie Hartiti , Mardapi Djemari , Kartowagiran Badrun
Published: December 2018

Keharusan publikasi ilmiah dari Pemerintah, dapat mendorong dosen untuk meningkatkan kualitas, kuantitas penelitian dan publikasi ilmiah. Sehubungan dengan hal ini, tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengeksplor kinerja dosen di bidang penelitian dan publikasi ilmiah. Informasi ini dapat digunakan oleh stakeholderuntuk melakukan pembinaan terhadap kinerja dosen. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei dan untuk mengumpulkan data digunakan kuesioner yang memiliki validitas dan reliabilitas tinggi, dilengkapi dengan teknik observasi. Pada tahap awal, responden penelitian ini adalah 92 dosen Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta yang terdiri dari 22 Asisten ahli, 26 Lektor, 28 Lektor Kepala, dan 16 Profesor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama tiga tahun terakhir skor kinerja dosen dalam bidang penelitian dan publikasi ilmiah untuk semua kelompok jabatan mengalami peningkatan, tetapi ada perbedaan skor kinerja dosen dalam penelitian dan publikasi ilmiah bila dilihat dari jabatan dosen. Guru Besar menduduki ranking tertinggi, baik untuk skor kinerja dosen dalam penelitian maupun publikasi ilmiah diikuti oleh Lektor Kepala, Lektor, dan Asisten Ahli.Kata kunci: kinerja dosen, penelitian, publikasi ilmiah LECTURERS’ PERFORMANCE IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONAbstractThe necessity of scientific publication insisted by the government can encourage lecturers to improve their scientific research and publication, both in quality and quantity. In connection with this fact, this research is aimed at exploring lecturers’ performance in terms of scientific research and publication. The information gained through the result of this study can be used by the stakeholder to develop the lecturers’ performance. This study is a survey research employing high-validity-and-reliability questionnaire to collect the data, completed with the employment of observation technique. At the initial stage, the respondents of the study were 92 lecturers of Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta consisting of 22 instructors, 26 assistant professors, 28 associate professors, and 16 professors. The results of the study indicate that during the last three years, there is an increase on the total scientific research performance score and publication at every level of the functional position, but there is also a difference the scientific research performance score and publication seen from these functional positions. Professors are at the highest rank of the scientific research performance score and publication, followed by associate professors, assistant professors, and instructors.Keywords: lecturers’ performance, scientific research, scientific publication
Aktualisasi pendidikan karakter berbasis kultur sekolah dalam pembelajaran IPS di SMP
Authors: Rosyad Ali Miftakhu , Zuchdi Darmiyati
Published: December 2018

Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi(1) perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan penilaian pendidikan karakter berbasis kultur sekolah dalam pembelajaran IPS, dan (2) peran kultur sekolah dalam pendidikan karakter. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kasus. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala sekola, guru, dan siswa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa (1) pada proses perencanaan sekolah memiliki program pengembangan kultur sekolah untuk mengimplementasikan  nilai-nilai karakter siswa yang diaktualisasikan melalui kegiatan pembelajaran; (2) pada proses pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter diaktualisasikan dengan memberi keteladanan, menegur, memberi tahu, memberi sangsi, dan memberi tugas melalui pendekatan dan metode yang komprehensif; (3) berdasarkan hasil penilaian menunjukan bahwa nilai-nilai karakter yang telah diaktualisasikan dengan baik dalam perilaku sehari-hari siswa di SMP N2 Juntinyuat  adalah demokrasi, religius, kerja sama, peduli sosial, rasa hormat, dan tanggung jawab; dan (4) peran kultur sekolah meliputi tiga aspek pokok yaitu persepsi mengenai suasana sekolah, perilaku murid, dan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah.Kata kunci: pendidikan karakter, kultur sekolah, pembelajaran IPS. THE ACTUALIZATION OF CHARACTER EDUCATION BASED ON SCHOOL CULTURE IN SOCIAL STUDIES LEARNING IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLAbstractThe article written is aimed to identify (1)planing, implementing, and assessing the character education based on school culture in social studies learning, and (2) the role of school culture in character education. The study was pursued the case study. The subjects were the principal, teachers, and students. The results showed that (1) in the process of planning the school has the development program of school culture to implement student character values which actualized through  learning activities; (2) in the implementation of character education actualized by giving good example, admonition, notification, punishment, and task; (3) based on assessing result showed that  the character values that have been actualized in the daily behavior of the students of SMP N2 Juntinyuat are democracy values, religious, cooperation, social care, respect/honor, and responsible; and (4) the role of school culture was described in three main aspects, those are the perception of school atmosphere, the behavior of the student, and management of headmaster.Keywords: character education, school culture, and social studies learning
Environmental Constraints in Selecting Urban Trees: Landscape Architects' Views
Authors: Hasan Ramly , Othman Noriah , Ismail Faridah
Published: December 2018

This research explored the environmental constraints based on landscape architects' views in selecting urban trees. Two objectives have been formulated (urban views of the landscape architect are pertinent in tree selection practice. The findings of this research will contribute to practice improvement in selecting urban tree species by landscape architects in the future.
Developing the National Usability-Focused Health Information System Scale for Physicians: Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Hyppönen Hannele , Kaipio Johanna , Heponiemi Tarja , Lääveri Tinja , Aalto Anna-Mari , Vänskä Jukka , Elovainio Marko
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND

Problems in the usability of health information systems (HISs) are well acknowledged, but research still lacks a validated questionnaire for measuring and monitoring different dimensions of usability of HISs. Such questionnaires are needed not only for research but also for developing usability of HISs from the viewpoint of end-user experiences.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to develop and test the validity of the questionnaire measuring the National Usability-Focused HIS-Scale (NuHISS) among a nationally representative sample of Finnish physicians.

METHODS

We utilized 2 cross-sectional data collected from a random sample of Finnish physicians in 2014 (N=3781; of which 2340 [61.9%] were women) and 2017 (N=4018; of which 2604 [64.8%] were women). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (structural equation modeling [SEM]) were applied to test the structural validity of the NuHISS. As the concurrent validity measure, we used the self-reported overall quality of the electronic health record system (school grade) provided by the participants using marginal structural models.

RESULTS

The exploratory factor analyses with Varimax rotation suggested that the 7-factor solution did offer a good fit to the data in both samples (C2=2136.14 in 2014 and C2=2109.83 in 2017, both P<.001). Moreover, structural equation modelling analyses, using comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), Normed Fit Index (NFI), root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA), and Standardized Root Mean square Residual (SRMR), showed that the 7-factor solution provided an acceptable fit in both samples (CFI=0.92/0.91, TLI=0.92/0.91, NFI=0.92/0.91, RMSEA=0.048/0.049, and SRMR=0.040/0.039). In addition, concurrent validity of this solution was shown to be acceptable. Ease of use, but also all other dimensions, was especially associated with overall quality reports independent of measured confounders. The 7-factor solution included dimensions of technical quality, information quality, feedback, ease of use, benefits, internal collaboration, and cross-organizational collaboration.

CONCLUSIONS

NuHISS provides a useful tool for measuring usability of HISs among physicians and offers a valid measure for monitoring the long-term development of HISs on a large scale. The relative importance of items needs to be assessed against national electronic health policy goals and complemented with items that have remained outside the NuHISS from the questionnaire when appropriate.
Iri di Situs Jejaring Sosial: Studi tentang Teori Deservingness
Authors: Armalita Rani , Helmi Avin Fadilla
Published: December 2018

This study examines the deservingness theory of envy over success stories post in the social media. The hypotheses are that there is a difference in; (1) the level of deservingness on posting stories of success gained through high effort (KUT) with success gained through low effort (KUR), (2) the level of envy over KUT and KUR posts, and (3) there is an influence of deservingness toward envy over KUT and KUR posts. A total of 214 undergraduate students became a subject of this research. The measurement of envy (y1) and deservingness (y2) over success post (x) used the scenario method. We used MANOVA-RM as the analysis technique to explore the envy and deservingness scores on KUT and KUR. MANCOVA-RM analysis was used to determine the effect of deserving­ness to envy. The findings suggest that envy increases when subjects are exposed to KUR post because of low deservingness.
Palm Yağı ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: DUMAN Emre , KESER Alev
Published: December 2018

Palm yağı, Elaeis Guineensis isimli palm ağacının meyvesinden elde edilen bitkisel bir yağdır. Besin endüstrisinde düşük maliyetli olması nedeniyle sıklıkla tercih edilmektedir. Başta Malezya ve Endonezya olmak üzere birçok ülkede üretilen palm yağının sağlık üzerine etkileri merak konusu olmuştur. Çünkü yüksek oranda E vitamini ve karotenoid gibi antioksidan içeren palm yağının kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, diyabet ve kanser üzerine olumlu etkilerinin yanı sıra, doymuş yağ içeriğine ve yüksek sıcaklıktaki rafinasyon işlemi sonrası oluşan kloropropanollere bağlı olarak olumsuz etkilerinin olduğunu gösteren çelişkili veriler bulunmaktadır. Ancak yapılan çalışmalar, yüksek sıcaklığa maruz kalan diğer bitkisel yağların da olumsuz etkilerinin olduğunu göstermektedir. Yakın zamanda palm yağının diğer bitkisel yağlara kıyasla daha zararlı olduğu ile ilgili görüşler ortaya atılmıştır. Bu nedenle palm yağının sağlık üzerine etkileri kanıta dayalı veriler ışığında tartışılacaktır.
Nierówności i ubóstwo ekonomiczne na obszarach wiejskich w Polsce
Authors: Raczkowska Małgorzata , Wrzesińska-Kowal Joanna
Published: December 2018

Celem badań było przedstawienie problemów zagadnienia nierówności i ubóstwa ekonomicznego na obszarach wiejskich w Polsce w latach 2010-2016. Przyjęto hipotezę badawczą zakładającą, iż wysoki poziom nierówności dochodowych prowadzi do wysokiego poziomu ubóstwa relatywnego. Wyniki badań pokazały, iż pomiędzy nierównościami dochodowymi mierzonymi współczynnikiem Giniego a ubóstwem relatywnym na obszarach wiejskich istnieje silna dodatnia zależność. Nie zaobserwowano natomiast żadnego związku pomiędzy zmiennymi dla grupy zawodowej rolników. Można zatem przyjąć, że wzrost nierówności dochodowych na obszarach wiejskich powoduje wzrost ubóstwa relatywnego, ale zależność ta nie dotyczyła ludności, której głównym źródłem utrzymania było gospodarstwo rolne.
Rola dużych gospodarstw rolnych we wzroście produktywności pracy rolnictwa polskiego na tle sytuacji w innych wybranych krajach Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Józwiak Wojciech , Mirkowska Zofia , Ziętara Wojciech
Published: December 2018

W opracowaniu skoncentrowano się na analizie produktywności pracy w rolnictwie polskim w latach 2005 i 2016 w porównaniu do wybranych krajów UE-15 (grupa 1.) i niektórych krajów, które przystąpiły do UE po 2004 roku (grupa 2.). W grupie 1. uwzględniono Austrię, Belgię, Danię, Holandię i Niemcy, natomiast w grupie 2. Czechy, Słowację, Litwę, Łotwę i Węgry. Przy wyborze krajów do badań kierowano się kryterium położenia w tej samej strefie klimatycznej. W analizie szczególnie uwzględniono rolę gospodarstw dużych, których wielkość przyjęto umownie na poziomie 30 ha UR. Celem badań było określenie wpływu gospodarstw dużych na poziom produktywności pracy w gospodarstwach ogółem oraz określenie możliwości zmniejszenia różnic między produktywnością pracy w polskich dużych gospodarstwach w stosunku do analogicznych gospodarstw w krajach UE-15. Stwierdzono w obydwu grupach krajów spadek liczby gospodarstw i zwiększenie produktywności pracy w rolnictwie ogółem i w badanych klasach gospodarstwach dużych. W krajach grupy 2. tempo wzrostu produktywności pracy było wyższe niż w grupie 1. jednak w niewielkim stopniu zmniejszyły się występujące różnice. Produktywność pracy w rolnictwie krajów grupy 1. była istotnie wyższa niż w grupie 2. Wzrost liczby i udziału gospodarstw dużych w strukturze gospodarstw był dodatnio skorelowany z produktywnością pracy w rolnictwie.
Pozarolnicza działalność gospodarcza w gminach położonych w zasięgu oddziaływania Krakowskiego Obszaru Metropolitalnego
Authors: Barczyk-Ciuła Justyna , Nogieć Marcin , Sroka Wojciech , Wojewodzic Tomasz
Published: December 2018

Identyfikacja czynników sprzyjających rozwojowi gospodarczemu należy do najważniejszych zadań ekonomii. Głównym celem opracowania było określenie zależności pomiędzy wybranymi cechami lokalizacji i polityki podatkowej prowadzonej przez organy samorządu terytorialnego a natężeniem przedsiębiorczości w gminach pozostających w strefie oddziaływania Krakowskiego Obszaru Metropolitalnego (KOM). Przeprowadzone analizy wykazały, że w okresie 1995-2016 szybciej zwiększała się liczba podmiotów gospodarczych w gminach bezpośrednio graniczących z Krakowem niż w jednostkach od niego oddalonych. Jednocześnie gminy zlokalizowane korzystniej względem regionalnego centrum gospodarczego prowadziły bardziej restrykcyjną politykę podatkową, dążąc do przejęcia w formie podatków lokalnych części renty lokalizacyjnej realizowanej przez przedsiębiorców.
Przystępność percepcyjna internetowych ofert turystyki wiejskiej
Authors: Król Karol
Published: December 2018

O efektywności witryny internetowej może decydować odpowiednio zredagowany i zaprezentowany opis oferty usługowej lub produktowej. Teksty trudne, pełne specjalistycznych zwrotów mogą okazać się dla wielu odbiorców nieprzystępne. Nie inaczej jest w przypadku opisu ofert turystyki wiejskiej. Celem opracowania jest ocena przystępności percepcyjnej ofert opublikowanych na stronach internetowych obiektów turystyki wiejskiej. Analizie poddano oferty zamieszczone na 515 stronach internetowych. Badania wykonano w ujęciu jakościowym. Z każdej strony internetowej pobrano reprezentatywną próbkę tekstu, która liczyła od 180 do 200 wyrazów tekstowych, a następnie dokonano jej analizy za pomocą aplikacji internetowych Jasnopis oraz Logios. Analiza ilościowa objęła pomiary stosunku treści do kodu witryny wykonane za pomocą trzech aplikacji internetowych. Wyniki poddano normalizacji z wykorzystaniem unitaryzacji zerowanej, a następnie określono zależność pomiędzy ilością opublikowanych tekstów a ich przystępnością percepcyjną. Wykazano, że oferty zamieszczone na stronach internetowych obiektów turystyki wiejskiej są napisane językiem trudniejszym, lecz przystępnym. Jednocześnie jednak znacząca liczba witryn prezentowała niewiele treści, co w dalszej perspektywie może wpłynąć negatywnie na ich efektywność.
Zmiany dochodów indywidualnych gospodarstw rolnych z dzierżawy ziemi użytkowanej rolniczo w Polsce w latach 2005-2016
Authors: Stolarska Alicja
Published: December 2018

W ostatnich latach w Polsce rosną ceny ziemi rolniczej, a maleje jej podaż na rynku prywatnym. Sprzyja to rozwojowi zjawiska dzierżawy, która w wielu krajach europejskich jest podstawą prowadzenia działalności rolniczej. Celem opracowania jest charakterystyka dochodów otrzymywanych przez gospodarstwa indywidualne w Polsce z dzierżawy ziemi użytkowanej rolniczo i zmian dochodów w latach 2005-2016. Podstawę analiz stanowiły jednostkowe dane empiryczne, dane z badań sondażowych przeprowadzanych corocznie przez GUS, a ich uzupełnieniem były dane IERiGŻ-PIB, ANR (obecnie KOWR) i opracowania wtórne GUS. W wyniku badań stwierdzono, że dochody z dzierżaw prywatnych uległy podwojeniu w latach 2005-2016 i stanowiły ważny składnik dochodów korzystających z nich rodzin, ale z deklaracji badanych wynika, że miały one niewielką skalę (przeciętnie 0,3% gospodarstw indywidualnych). Grunty rolne były wydzierżawiane przez małe gospodarstwa, których głównym źródłem utrzymania była praca najemna, czasem za granicą, a kierownicy byli starsi niż przeciętnie. Często sytuacja rodzinna była nieuregulowana (np. starszy rodzic z dorosłym, ale jeszcze samotnym dzieckiem, które jeszcze ostatecznie nie zdecydowało o swej przeszłości), a okresowe wydzierżawienie gruntów pozwalało na podjęcie decyzji o ewentualnej sprzedaży gospodarstwa w późniejszym czasie.
Når arbeidet blir skole og skolen blir arbeid – #Læringslivet som et eksempel på et symbiotisk læringssystem
Authors: Amble Nina , Johansen Else Marie
Published: December 2018

Medarbeiderdrevet innovasjon (MDI) (Høyrup, 2010, 2012) kan relateres til uformell læring og kollektiv organisatorisk læring basert på bred deltakelse i utviklingsarbeid på arbeidsplassen (Herbst 1993a, b; Eikeland, 2012a). I aksjonsforskningsprosjektet #Læringslivet kan imidlertid deltakerne også ta studiepoeng i det formelle skolesystemet (Eikeland, 2012b). Dette innebærer organisert læring på arbeidsplassen, der det vi vet om godt læringsmiljø (Fuller & Unwin, 2004) og undervisningsmetoder, vil være suksessfaktorer. Basert på erfaringene i #Læringslivet har vi forskere og ansatte på fire arbeidsplasser også utviklet en håndbok for medarbeiderdrevet innovasjon i omsorgsarbeid (1).
I denne artikkelen vil vi presentere og diskutere hvordan forskning kan støtte prosessuell innovasjonskunnskap, hvordan praktisk opplæring kan knyttes sammen med mer teoretisk undervisning samt hva det betyr å støtte sosiale endringsprosesser med forskning.
English abstract
Employee-driven innovation (EDI) (Høyrup, 2010, 2012) can be related to informal learning and collective organizational learning based on broad participation in development work at work (Herbst, 1993a, b; Eikeland, 2012a). In the current project, however, employees who participate in EDI can also achieve credit points in the formal school system (Eikeland, 2012b). This implies organized learning processes in the workplace, where what we know about good learning environment (Fuller & Unwin, 2004) and teaching methods will be success factors. The project is an action research project where we, the researchers, together with employees in four workplaces, also have developed a Handbook in Employee-Driven Innovation (1).
In this article, we will present and discuss how research may support processual innovation knowledge, and how practical experiential learning can be intertwined with more theoretical classroom learning. And what does it mean to support social change processes with research?
Noter
1. Håndbok for medarbeiderdrevet innovasjon (MDI) i omsorgsarbeid: https://ksy.oslomet.no/files/2018/10/medarbeiderdrevet-innovasjon.pdf
Relevant forskning for hvem? Relevans for dem forskningen involverer gjennom utvidede muligheter for medvirkning
Authors: Kversøy Kjartan Skogly
Published: December 2018

Denne artikkelen handler om forskerens forhold til dem som involveres direkte i forskningen. I aksjonsforskningsprosjekter kalles de gjerne deltagere eller medforskere. I andre typer prosjekter kalles de ofte informanter. Enten det handler om den ene eller andre formen for forskning, kan det være grunner for å se nærmere på forholdet mellom forskningen og deltagerne. Et eksempel kan være spørsmålet om forskningens relevans. Hva gjør forskningen relevant? Hvem skal forskningen være relevant for? Det er fristende å tenke relevans som det å få resultater publisert i internasjonale tidsskrifter og å få artiklene sitert i de rette vitenskapelige miljøene. I denne artikkelen vil det bli vist måter å få til relevant forskning på for dem den involverer. Artikkelen baserer seg på metodeeksperimenter og presenteres som metode under utvikling. Selv om påstandene i artikkelen kan angå andre former for forskning, er det først og fremst relevans og medvirkning i aksjonsforskning som skal belyses. Metodeeksperimentene det vises til, er gjennomført innenfor et aksjonsforskningsprosjekt. Deltagerne er masterstudenter i yrkespedagogikk.
English abstract
This article is about the relationship between research and those directly involved in it. In action research projects those involved may be called participants or co researchers. In other types of research they are often called informants. The aim is here to take a closer look at the relationship between research and the participants. One example is the question of relevance: What makes research relevant? To whom is research supposed to be relevant? It is tempting to view relevance mainly as getting results published in the best international journals or getting articles cited in the best scientific environments. In this article questions of relevance and participation are to be explored in regards to those directly involved in the research. One special case is participants who collaborate in the analysis of data they themselves have contributed to accumulating. The article will show that this is an example of adding value to both the research and the experienced relevance for those involved. The claims mainly concern action research even though they may apply to other forms of research.
Tema: Hvilke typer viden er der brug for i professionerne, og hvilke typer forskning er nødvendige?
Authors: Jensen Julie Borup , Tofteng Ditte , Gunnarsson Ewa
Published: December 2018

Editorial
Claims-based measures of continuity of care have non-linear associations with health: data linkage study
Authors: Tran Bich , Falster Michael , Jorm Louisa
Published: December 2018

BackgroundContinuity of care (CoC) is considered a central element of good primary care and is often measured using medical claims data. Possible values of CoC depend on the number of claims which is related to health status. This study investigated the relationships between CoC and health status and risk of emergency hospitalisation.

MethodsHealth insurance claims for consultations with general practitioners (GPs) in the 24 months following entry to the 45 and Up Study were used to calculate usual provider continuity (UPC) and the Continuity of Care Index (CoC Index). Relationships of CoC with number of claims, self-rated health and emergency hospitalisation were investigated using descriptive statistics and logistic regression models.

ResultsBoth measures of CoC were strongly related to number of claims and to measures of health status, which were in turn highly associated. Multivariable logistic regression models showed a weak positive relationship between CoC and odds of emergency hospitalisation for those with CoC less than 1, while individuals with perfect CoC had significantly lower odds of hospitalisation compared to all other categories of CoC. However, analyses stratified by, or adjusting for, number of claims showed no clear associations between CoC and risk of hospitalisation.

ConclusionsThe pattern of association between CoC categories and emergency hospitalisation was non-linear and was confounded by the effect of number of claims. Future studies should apply caution in using claims-based measures of CoC as a continuous variable or employing an arbitrary cut-point, and should adjust for number of claims.
Educação em saúde: doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e gravidez na adolescência
Authors: Oliveira Maria Joana Pires de , Lanza Leni Boghossiam
Published: December 2018

Objetivos: Identificar as necessidades dos adolescentes quanto aos temas relativos às doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST), gravidez e sexualidade; sensibilizar os jovens quanto à importância do respeito dos cuidados com seu próprio corpo e com o corpo do outro; estimular o desenvolvimento da responsabilidade e autonomia desses jovens para com o próprio corpo e sua sexualidade. Metodologia: Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório, transversal e de características qualitativas. Foi realizado na área de abrangência da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) de Brigadeiro Tobias, na cidade de Sorocaba, São Paulo. Participaram 14 adolescentes do sexo masculino e três do feminino, voluntários, por meio de discussões sobre prevenção de DST e gravidez indesejada. Foram realizados três encontros utilizando-se a roda de conversa para as discussões e reflexões. Resultados: Os temas emergidos dos encontros, norteadores das discussões foram: higiene, prevenção e gravidez. A avaliação dos encontros foi tematizada por meio dos depoimentos e focaram: sexualidade, descobertas e aprendizagem. Conclusão: A educação em saúde praticada na ESF permitiu a identificação das necessidades de saúde dos adolescentes, sensibilizando-os por intermédio do conhecimento do corpo, prevenção de DST, gravidez indesejada, agravos à saúde e qualidade de vida. Estimulou a autonomia dos jovens, desenvolvendo responsabilidade com o corpo e a sexualidade e aumentou o vínculo entre a comunidade e a equipe de saúde por meio da abertura desse novo canal de comunicação entre a ESF e os adolescentes.
Evaluation of Composite Material used in the Wings of Typical Airplane based on Stress Analysis
Authors: Mohammed Tawfeeq W. , Taha Dalmn Yaseen , Abdul-Ilah Rafal R.
Published: December 2018

This research has focused on the evaluation of raw materials that used in the wings of modern airplane. These materials either would be fiberglass, carbon-fiber or aramid based composites like Kevlar. These common materials have been selected and evaluated depending on experimental data obtained from mechanical tests. These tests include: hardness, tensile strength and bending stress. The tests based on ASTM standards for mechanical properties. The results show increasing in the hardness value of graphite-epoxy by 9% comparing with that of fiberglass and by 18% comparing with that of Kevlar-epoxy. The results also show an increasing in the maximum tensile strength of graphite-epoxy by 2.9 times to that of fiberglass and by 5.5 times to that of Kevlar-epoxy. Furthermore, the results of bending stress test show increasing of the maximum strength of Kevlar-epoxy by 30% comparing to that of glass fiber and by 75% comparing to that of graphite-epoxy.
A Review on Biodegradation and Biotransformation of Explosive Chemicals
Authors: Ndibe Thankgod Ositadinma , Benjamin Benthai , Eugene Winnie Chuno , Usman Johnson John
Published: December 2018

Military training activities as well as manufacturing and decommissioning operations, lead to the generation of large quantities of explosive chemicals. Detonation and disposal of these explosive chemicals contaminate soil and ground water, thus posing a threat to living organisms and natural resources. The most commonly used explosives in artillery shells, bombs, grenades and other munitions are 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT), Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX). Due to their recalcitrant nature, toxicity and persistence in the environment, the study of their biodegradation and biotransformation is paramount. This paper reviews the chemistry, fate, degradation and transformation of this explosive chemicals in the natural environment. Emphasis is placed on TNT, RDX and HMX. This review will help scientists to adopt strategies and develop optimum biological treatment scheme for the in situ bioremediation of explosives-contaminated soil especially at firing/impact ranges.
DNS Tunneling Detection Using Feedforward Neural Network
Authors: Bubnov Yakov
Published: December 2018

This paper addresses a problem of detecting Domain Name System (DNS) tunneling in a computer network. Unauthorized data transfer exploits DNS tunneling technique to conceal network activity in a regular DNS traffic. Contemporary intrusion prevention equipment does not provide reasonable protection from sensitive information stealing. Given the DNS queries from both legitimate and adversary clients this paper proposes a machine-learning method of distinguishing tunneling strategies. More precisely, it describes a multi-label model of feedforward neural network that classifies some of well-known tunneling strategies counting legitimate traffic. The paper contains analysis of classification quality and accuracy of the developed model.
Mielotoxicidad inducida por estrógenos de origen ovárico y leiomiosarcoma vulvar en una perra. Comunicación de caso
Authors: Baños Julio Cesar Osorio , Servín Trujillo Miguel Ángel , Garrido Becerril Ingrid Patricia
Published: December 2018

Las elevadas concentraciones sanguíneas de estrógenos resultan tóxicas para la médula ósea, contribuyendo al desarrollo de hipoplasia medular severa. En estados crónicos, esta puede ser irreversible. Los estrógenos influyen en el desarrollo de tumores del músculo liso en útero, vagina y vulva. Los sarcomas primarios representan solamente el 1-3 % de las neoplasias malignas vulvares en perras; el leiomiosarcoma es el más común. En este trabajo se describe un caso de mielotoxicidad inducida por estrógenos de origen ovárico y un leiomiosarcoma vulvar en una perra pit bull de 7 años. El animal presentaba hiporexia, depresión, dificultad para desplazarse, disnea, dolor a la palpación en la región inguinal, disuria, edema vulvar, alopecia simétrica bilateral, agrandamiento de glándulas mamarias y ciclos reproductivos anormales, así como una masa localizada en el labio vulvar izquierdo. Mediante estudios de laboratorio se demostró pancitopenia severa asociada a mielotoxicidad y una concentración de 17β-estradiol sérico de 185,6 pg/ml. Mediante el examen citológico de la médula ósea se determinó hipoplasia medular. Se realizaron escisión quirúrgica de la masa tumoral y ooforosalpingectomía, encontrándose un quiste folicular en el ovario derecho. Se realizaron estudios histopatológicos e inmunohistoquímicos y se formuló un diagnóstico definitivo de mielotoxicidad inducida por estrógenos y leiomiosarcoma vulvar.
SISTEMA ERP: SUA IMPORTÂNCIA NA GESTÃO EMPRESARIAL
Authors: Gallo Isabela Da Silva , De Oliveira Neto Mario Santos , Reis Augusto Da Cunha
Published: December 2018

Destaca-se a importância que o sistema ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning (Planejamento de Recursos Empresariais) tem para gestão empresarial. Foi realizado um estudo de caso em uma empresa situada em Teresópolis-RJ onde o diretor da empresa respondeu questionário sobre como a utilização de um software auxilia no processo de tomada de decisão, na produtividade, no aumento da segurança das informações, enfim, entre outros fatores como otimizar a gestão empresarial. Os resultados são mostrados em exemplos com dados fictícios, porém com embasamento nas questões respondidas no questionário.
USO DE BLOCKCHAIN EM SMART CONTRACTS LOGÍSTICOS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Ap. Petroni Benedito Cristiano , Monaco Elisangela , Gonçalves Rodrigo Franco
Published: December 2018

Revisões sistemática da literatura está se tornando cada vez mais comum nas mais variadas áreas de estudo. Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão sistemática da utilização da tecnologia Blockchain com Smart Contracts aplicado para a área de logística. A pesquisa foi baseada na execução de consultas através de strings de busca específicas em duas bases de conhecimentos renomadas na área científica. Verificou-se que, apesar da existência de um número considerado de artigos sobre o tema, especificamente a aplicação da tecnologia de Blockchain com Smart Contracts voltados para a área de logística ainda se apresenta com uma nova competência de estudos e aplicações empresariais. A pesquisa é baseada em buscas através de Strings mapeando especificamente a aplicação da tecnologia de Smart Contracts aplicados a logística. Verificou-se que apesar dos artigos encontrados abordarem o mesmo tema, há um grande número de propostas para a aplicação da tecnologia e um número pequeno de artigos quando se trata de artigos focando exclusivamente a aplicação da tecnologia. A partir dos resultados apresentados pode-se concluir que, as aplicações de Smart Contracts voltados para a área logística é um campo fértil para o desenvolvimento de inúmeras aplicações para as empresas e de pesquisas acadêmicas.
Peer-to-Peer Learning Networks, Source of Training of Staff in Romanian Micro-Enterprises
Authors: Diaconu Mihaela , Dutu Amalia
Published: December 2018

According to the Small Business Act Report, 2015, Romania is placed by the European Commission as a leader among the Member States in the field of entrepreneurship, with the prospects of increasing the number of SMEs by at least 8.5% annually. Micro enterprises in Romania, according to the White Paper of SMEs in Romania-2016, edition XIV, also face difficulties with the continuous preparation and training of the employees, namely: hiring, training and maintaining the personnel, consulting and the necessary training for the company and employees. For vocational training, SMEs in Romania allocate an average percentage of 1.96% of the turnover, a rather unfavorable situation, which shows that Romanian entrepreneurs invest relatively little in human resources training.

This paper is part of a European project entitled ME2ME – Micro-Enterprise Learning, and aims at identifying the skills and knowledge available in the local business community that could be valued through peer-to-peer learning networks to support the development of the micro-enterprise sector. The outlined conclusions point out that the peer-to-peer learning process occupies the second position among the methods of accessing the new training sources in Romania. The most important peer-to-peer learning approaches into the micro-enterprises’ representatives preferences were: small group meetings, joint peer activities, and training sessions.
Selecting the Right Suppliers in Procurement Process along Supply Chain-a Mathematical Modeling Approach
Authors: Duica Mircea Constantin , Florea Nicoleta Valentina , Duica Anisoara
Published: December 2018

Procurement management is a function for B2B market and a complex concept based on a continuous buying cycle and supposes: determining the need, taking the decision of buying, identification of sources, selecting and choosing the right suppliers, contracting, and maintaining the relationships with the future contractors.

Supplier selection is a challenging task along supply chain and is based on some important criteria in order to choose the right supplier and maintain with it a long and prosper relationship. In order to select the right supplier, the buyer may use quantitative and qualitative methods. In this article we present the importance of supplier selection along supply chain and the used criteria to do this. We also present a supplier selection method based on mathematical models, especially on regression function and time series analysis, in order to show that they bring important benefits for the companies which used them.
Applied Analysis of the Impact of Inventory Valuation Methods on the Financial Situation and Financial Performance
Authors: Ionescu Luiza , Toma Maria , Founanou Mathurin
Published: December 2018

At the level of any entity (company), inventory represents an important category of current assets, and implicitly, of total assets. Starting from the importance of this category of assets for the normal development of the production or sales activity, this paper has as priority objectives the following: delimitation of the theoretical aspects regarding the inventory valuation of the sold goods; determining the impact that inventory valuation methods may have on the financial position and financial performance of the company; applied analysis of inventory valuation options. The results obtained from both theoretical and practical research verify the main assumption that the inventory valuation options have a different impact on financial situation and the financial performance of an entity.
Comparative Management of Human Resources between USA and Japan
Authors: Mitu Evelyne Ingrid , Vasic Mile
Published: December 2018

Despite the differences between Japanese and styles, both will have a huge impact on their national economies. In terms of cultural management styles will continue to present significant differences. Although nothing is certain, both Americans and Japanese must continue to adapt their management styles to maintain global competitiveness. In general, human resources, labor relations within organizations are mainly features that differentiate the Japanese management system of other countries, especially the US.
Economic Evaluation of Health Programs – Health Expenditures in the European Union
Authors: Kremastioti Vasiliki , Anastasiou Athanasios , Liargovas Panagiotis , Komninos Dimitrios , Dermatis Zacharias
Published: December 2018

Health Care is a sensitive issue that concerns not only the individual but also society in general. Health economics are a specialization of the economists in the health sector who aim for the proper function of hospital administration. It deals with issues related to the financing and delivery of health services and the role of such services and other personal decisions in contributing to personal health. Many researches refer to the problems that each health unit faces, emphasizing on the resources, programs and health expenditure. Some of these programs, especially the most effective, are mentioned in this research. Their creation was based on the best quality of health services in all OECD countries.

With this research, we aim to develop a methodological framework for evaluating the total health expenditure (consists of all expenditures or outlays for medical care, prevention, promotion, rehabilitation, community health activities, health administration and regulation and capital formation with the predominant objective of improving health) in the 23 OECD countries, by creating a panel data regression and analyzing the results, from 2000 to 2014. For this reason, some of the most important variables (macroeconomic and related to the health sector), were used as tools to assess the performance of each country, as far as the resources and the expenditure for the health care are concerned. Every explanatory variable that was used in this sample, but also the combination of a number of these explanatory variables showed a positive correlation with total expenditures as a percentage of GDP in the majority of the equations. Some variables showed a negative correlation with total health expenditures, which doesn’t fit with the economic theory. Financial crisis is the reason for this.