bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redesign Instalasi Sistem Pendingin Bearing Turbine PLTA Tanggari untuk Mengubah Pola Maintenance dari Offline Menjadi Online
Authors: Nelwan Meyer Nixon , Salman Salman
Published: February 2020

Hydroelectric power plant is one of the power plants that uses renewable energy sources with a low cost of production, in addition to providing a large enough profit for PLN, it can also be a source of revenue to cover production costs in meeting the system needs, so that the hydropower continues to operate optimally, Currently the Tanggari Hydroelectric Power Plant's special operating pattern can be approved not yet maximally based on the number of maintenance hours reaching 3-5 hours / month, this causes potential losses because most jam hours are carried out during the rainy season Turbine bearing temperature conditions continue to increase considering the poor air conditions associated special problem for hydropower. In this journal the author brings one of the breakthrough ideas to overcome this by implementing the Redesign of the Hydro Turbine Cooling System Installation to facilitate backwashing so that it can change maintenance patterns from offline to online. Implementation results can provide benefits because hydropower no longer needs to perform maintenance on the cooling system with offline mode so that hydropower can operate more optimally.
Kajian Gangguan Harmonisa dan Simulasi Perbaikan Sistem Kelistrikan Di Gedung Rektorat Politeknik Negeri Ketapang
Authors: Suwanda Ivan
Published: February 2020

This research can be used to determine the quality and improvement of the electrical system in the Ketapang State Polytechnic rectorate building. Electrical interference can cause electrical equipment not working to the maximum which can cause permanent damage to the electrical equipment itself. The disturbance can be in the form of harmonic waves. Both of these electrical problems are very difficult for me to improve the quality of electric power. This research uses ETAP 16.00. Improvement efforts in the simulation is to use several filters that will be selected as the best filter that can reduce harmonic waves. Before using the filter the total harmonic distortion (THD) value reached 7.1% THD. After answering with several types of filters namely a single filter set, by-pass, and high-pass (not named) that can reduce harmonics to the maximum is a single filter set with a value of 2.63% THD which means the value is still in the range of THD value added which is a maximum of 5% THD.
Karakteristik Marshall Pada Campuran Asphalt Concrete – Wearing Course (AC-WC) Dengan Penambahan Styrofoam
Authors: Sulianti Ika , Ibrahim Ibrahim , Subrianto Agus , Monita Adelia , Medici Medici
Published: February 2020

Styrofoam waste presents the environment issue because it is difficult to decompose. As an effort to recycle this pollutant, styrofoam can be utilized as an additive in asphalt concrete mixture. The use of additives aims to create a flexible pavement layer having good performance and meet the requirements. The purpose of this study is to find out whether the addition of styrofoam can improve the quality of asphalt mixtures, and look for alternative additives that can increase asphalt pavement performance. In this study, researchers used food container styrofoam as an addition and incorforated into Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) mixture. The styrofoam content was 6.5%; 6.75%; 7% ; 7.25%; and 7.5% of asphalt weight. The optimum asphalt contentused is 5.5%. The value of the optimum stability was 3126,002 kg, found at 7.25% of styrofoam content. The best results of Marshall test was obtained at 6.5% of styrofoam content  with stability value  1362,045 kg, VIM value 4,96%, VMA 15,025%, VFA 67,800%, flow 3,44 mm, and MQ 416,338 kg / mm.
Tendencia y causas de mortalidad perinatal en el Hospital Hipólito Unanue de Tacna
Authors: Jimenez Estaña Simón Eduardo , Ticona Rendón Manuel
Published: February 2020

La mortalidad perinatal es un indicador del control prenatal y calidad de atención de los servicios de salud para el feto y el recién nacido. Objetivo: Determinar la tendencia y las causas de la mortalidad perinatal. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal, se incluyó a todos los nacimientos atendidos en el Hospital Hipólito Unanue de Tacna durante el período 2000–2018, con edad gestacional de 22 semanas a más o 500 gramos a más, cuya defunción fuese hasta el vigésimo octavo día de vida en neonatos. Se calculó tasa de mortalidad por mil nacimientos. Los datos se obtuvieron de la Unidad de Epidemiología. Para el procesamiento y análisis estadístico se utilizó el software Microsoft Excel 2007. Resultados: La tasa de mortalidad perinatal I calculada fue 14,9 por 1000 nacimientos y la tasa de mortalidad perinatal II fue 18,9 por 1000 nacimientos. Existe una tendencia a la disminución del riesgo de muerte perinatal. La muerte neonatal precoz contribuye a la muerte perinatal I más que la muerte fetal tardía. La muerte neonatal precoz se produce en mayor porcentaje en las primeras 24 horas de vida. Las causas de muerte neonatal fueron: síndrome de dificultad respiratoria, infecciones, malformaciones congénitas y asfixia perinatal. Conclusión: La tendencia de mortalidad perinatal es descendente, siendo las causas predominantes dificultad respiratoria, infecciones y malformaciones.
Efecto antimicrobiano In vitro del extracto etanólico al 40 % de Piper aungustifolium (matico) sobre Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Bornaz Acosta Juan Guillermo , Inofuentes Espinoza Zenaida , Tito Aquino Denisse Ethiel , Bornaz Arenas Vanessa Lissete
Published: February 2020

Enterococcus faecalis es considerada una cepa con gran capacidad de adaptación y tolerancia a las condiciones de un medio adverso, siendo difícil su erradicación en una endodoncia. Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto antimicrobiano del extracto de Piper aungustifolium, más conocida en nuestro medio como matico sobre la cepa Enterococcus faecalis. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una siembra de la cepa ATCC 29212 (Enterococcus faecalis) en placas con Agar Cerebro Corazón BHI, luego se colocó en las superficies de sensidiscos de 5 mm de diámetro embebidos con las soluciones del matico, y se hizo 3 pozos de 5 mm de diámetro por 6 mm de profundidad, utilizándose una puntera descartable de 1 ml, previamente tratada y esterilizada para colocar el hidróxido de calcio como grupo control y Piper aungustifolium como grupo experimental. Para cada grupo se utilizaron 24 muestras; luego se incubaron a 37o C, a las 24, 48, 72 horas y 7 días, registrándose el diámetro de los halos. Resultados: Los promedios de la medida del halo inhibitorio de Piper aungustifolum (matico) fueron menores que la del hidróxido de calcio. Se aplicó posteriormente T de Student (p <0,05) , dando como resultado diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los datos obtenidos para las tomas a las 24, 72 y 7 días, exceptuando aquellas a las 48 horas donde no hubo diferencia entre ambas sustancias. Conclusiones: La Piper aungustifolum, demostró tener efecto antibacteriano frente al Enterococcus faecalis, sus medidas fueron variadas y progresivas a través de tiempo.
Relación entre el estado nutricional y la cronología de la erupción dental en estudiantes escolares de Tacna
Authors: Martínez Cántaro Noelia Yésica
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Determinar la relación del estado nutricional con la cronología de la erupción en estudiantes de 6-12 años de la Institución Educativa Nacional Gregorio Albarracín de Tacna en el año 2017. Materiales y métodos: Este estudio es de tipo prospectivo, observacional, de corte transversal y nivel descriptivo relacional. La técnica realizada fue la observación clínica. Por un lado, se obtuvo el índice de masa corporal mediante una ficha documental donde se registró el peso y la talla. Por otro lado, se realizó una evaluación intra-oral en donde se observó la ausencia o presencia de piezas dentales. La muestra estuvo conformada por 177 niños. Resultados: Mediante la prueba estadística del chi cuadrado, se encontró que un 57.6 % de los participantes eran obesos y un 42.4 % se encontraban con normopeso. La erupción dentaria en la arcada superior ocurrió de la siguiente forma: primer molar (6.5 años) incisivo central (6.67 años), incisivo lateral (7.75 años), primer premolar (9.31 años), segundo premolar (9.83), canino (10.46 años) y segundo molar (11.6 años). En la arcada inferior ocurrió de la siguiente manera: incisivo central (6 años), incisivo lateral (6.42 años), primer molar (7 años), primer premolar (9.67 años), canino (9.8 años), segundo premolar y segundo molar (10.3 años). Conclusión: Se encontró relación entre el estado nutricional y la cronología en el primer molar, incisivo lateral y primer premolar inferior en niños de 8, 9 y 10 años que presentaron obesidad. Existe relación entre el estado nutricional y la cronología de erupción; además, existe un adelanto de la erupción dentaria en la población estudiada.
ATATÜRK DÖNEMİ’NDE TÜRK ARKEOLOJİSİ
Authors: ÜNAR Şükrü
Published: February 2020

Arkeoloji,
insanın eski çağlarda oluşturduğu maddesel ürünleri incelemek suretiyle
geçmişimizi aydınlatmaya çalışan bilim dalıdır. Türkiye topraklarındaki kazı
çalışmalarının temeli XIX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Osmanlı Devleti Dönemi’nde
başlayan bilimsel, siyasi ve askeri amaçlar doğrultusunda yapılan seyahatler
ile atılmıştır. Arkeoloji bilimi Avrupa kıtasında doğmuş ve gelişmiş bir bilim
dalıydı. Bu nedenle Türkiye topraklarında yapılan ilk arkeolojik kazılar yurt
dışından gelen yabancı arkeologlar tarafından yürütülmüştü.

 Osmanlı Devleti’nin son döneminde Anadolu
topraklarında yabancı bilim insanları tarafından temelleri atılan Türk Arkeolojisi,
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Döneminde M. Kemal Atatürk’ün çabaları ile büyük bir
gelişme göstermiş ve Avrupa ile rekabet edebilecek seviyeye ulaşmıştır. Türk
Arkeolojisini geliştirmek için Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında M. Kemal’in emriyle
1931 yılında Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1934 yılında Türk Arkeoloji Enstitüsü gibi
kurumlar kurulmuştur. Kalifiye eleman sıkıntısını gidermek için önce İstanbul
Üniversitesi’nde Arkeoloji Kürsüsü kurulmuş daha sonra 1936 yılında Dil ve
Tarih- Coğrafya Fakültesi açılarak eğitim alanındaki eksiklikler giderilmeye
çalışılmıştır. Bu eğitim kurumlarında çalıştırılmak üzere yurt dışından
özellikle Nazi Almanya’sından kaçan Musevi kökenli bilim adamları Türkiye’ye
davet edilmiştir.

Bu
makale Atatürk Dönemi olarak adlandırılan 1923-1938 yılları arasında Türkiye
topraklarında Türk bilim insanları tarafından yürütülen kazı çalışmaları ile bu
kazı çalışmalarının Türk arkeolojisine olan katkılarını ortaya koymaya
çalışacaktır.
PROTESTAN REFORMUNUN ALMANYA’DA ORTAYA ÇIKIŞ SÜRECİ
Authors: KAYA Murat
Published: February 2020

Protestan reformu 16. Yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde Almanya’da ortaya çıkmıştır. Başta Almanya olmak üzere Avrupa’nın pek çok ülkesini etkisi altına alan bu hareket, siyasi, dini, sosyal ve ekonomik açıdan pek çok yenilik ortaya çıkarmıştır. Reformun getirdiği bu yenilikler nedeniyle reform hakkında yapılan çalışmalarda genellikle reformun sonuçları üzerinde durulmuş, onun ortaya çıkış sebepleri ve başarılı olmasındaki etkenler ihmal edilmiştir. Özellikle reformun neden Almanya’da ortaya çıktığı ve burada nasıl başarıya ulaştığı soruları yanıtsız kalmıştır. Bu nedenle çalışmanın konusu, Protestan reformunun Almanya’da ortaya çıkış süreci, temel problemini ise reformun neden Almanya’da ortaya çıktığı ve nasıl başarıya ulaştığı soruları oluşturmuştur. Bu kapsamda çalışma, reformun ortaya çıkış sebepleri, ortaya çıkışı ve başarılı olmasındaki etkenler olmak üzere üç bölüme ayrılmıştır. Sonuç olarak ise reformun Almanya’ya özgü koşullar (siyasi, dini, sosyal ve ekonomik) nedeniyle ortaya çıktığı ve bu koşulların etkisiyle başarıya ulaştığı düşüncesine ulaşılmıştır.
PIERO SRAFFA VE GELİR DAĞILIMI
Authors: ALGÜL Yahya
Published: February 2020

Gelir dağılımı mefhumu sosyal, kültürel, ekonomik ve politik yönleriyle İktisat biliminin en kompleks konularından biridir. Bu noktada Piero Sraffa İktisat bilimine katkı sağlayan en önemli bilim adamlarından olmakla birlikte,n başyapıtı olan Malların Mallarla Üretimi, İktisat Kuramını Eleştiriye Açış adlı kitabında gelir dağılımına ilişkin açık bir teori ortaya koymamıştır. Her ne kadar kitabında gelir dağılımına ilişkin somut bir teori olmasa da Sraffa’nın Klasiklerin aksine geçimlik ücreti ele almaması ve kar havuzu yaklaşımı dolayısıyla, teorileri Marx’ın emeğin sömürüsü çerçevesinde incelenmektedir. Fakat Sraffa’nın bu yaklaşımının başta geçimlik ücreti oluşturan zorunlu malların doğası noktasındaki problemler olmak üzere diğer bir takım teknik problemler sebebiyle de oluştuğu söylenebilir. Çalışmamızda Sraffa’nın gelir dağılımına yönelik yaklaşımı Politik Ekonomi çerçevesinde ve Sraffa’nın arşiv çalışmaları yardımıyla incelenmiştir.
Disordered Myocardial Ca2+ Homeostasis Results in Substructural Alterations That May Promote Occurrence of Malignant Arrhythmias
Authors: TRIBULOVA N. , KNEZL V. , SZEIFFOVA BACOVA B. , EGAN BENOVA T. , VICZENCZOVA C. , GONÇALVESOVA E. , SLEZAK J.
Published: February 2020

We aimed to determine the impact of Ca2+-related disorders induced in intact animal hearts on ultrastructure of the cardiomyocytes prior to occurrence of severe arrhythmias. Three types of acute experiments were performed that are known to be accompanied by disturbances in Ca2+ handling. Langedorff-perfused rat or guinea pig hearts subjected to K+-deficient perfusion to induce ventricular fibrillation (VF), burst atrial pacing to induce atrial fibrillation (AF) and open chest pig heart exposed to intramyocardial noradrenaline infusion to induce ventricular tachycardia (VT). Tissue samples for electron microscopic examination were taken during basal condition, prior and during occurrence of malignant arrhythmias. Cardiomyocyte alterations preceding occurrence of arrhythmias consisted of non-uniform sarcomere shortening, disruption of myofilaments and injury of mitochondria that most likely reflected cytosolic Ca2+ disturbances and Ca2+ overload. These disorders were linked with non-uniform pattern of neighboring cardiomyocytes and dissociation of adhesive junctions suggesting defects in cardiac cell-to-cell coupling. Our findings identified heterogeneously distributed high [Ca2+]i-induced subcellular injury of the cardiomyocytes and their junctions as a common feature prior occurrence of VT, VF or AF. In conclusion, there is a link between Ca2+-related disorders in contractility and coupling of the cardiomyocytes pointing out a novel paradigm implicated in development of severe arrhythmias.
Ageing Related Down-Regulation of Myocardial Connexin-43 and Up-Regulation of MMP-2 May Predict Propensity to Atrial Fibrillation in Experimental Animals
Authors: NAGIBIN V. , EGAN BENOVA T. , VICZENCZOVA C. , SZEIFFOVA BACOVA B. , DOVINOVA I. , BARANCIK M. , TRIBULOVA N.
Published: February 2020

Mechanisms underlying atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common cardiac arrhythmia, particularly in aged population, are not fully elucidated. We have previously shown an increased propensity of old guinea pigs (GPs) heart to inducible AF when comparing to young animals. This study aimed to verify our hypothesis that susceptibility of aged heart to AF may be attributed to abnormalities in myocardial connexin-43 (Cx43) and extracellular matrix that affect cardiac electrical properties. Experiments were conducted on male and female 4-week-old and 24-week-old GPs. Atrial tissue was processed for analysis of Cx43 topology using immunohistochemistry, expression of Cx43 protein using immunobloting, and expression of mRNA of Cx43 and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) using real time PCR. Immunohistochemistry revealed uniform Cx43 distribution predominantly on lateral sides of the cardiomyocytes of young male and female GP atria. In contrast, non-uniform distribution, mislocalization and reduced immunolabeling of Cx43 were detected in atria of old GPs. In parallel, the atrial tissue levels of Cx43 mRNA were significantly decreased, while mRNA expression of MMP-2 was significantly increased in old versus young GPs. The changes were more pronounced in old GPs males comparing to females. Findings indicate that age-related down-regulation of atrial Cx43 and up-regulation of MMP-2 as well as disordered Cx43 distribution can facilitate development of AF in old guinea pig hearts.
Protection of Cardiac Cell-to-Cell Coupling Attenuate Myocardial Remodeling and Proarrhythmia Induced by Hypertension
Authors: EGAN BENOVA T. , SZEIFFOVA BACOVA B. , VICZENCZOVA C. , DIEZ E. , BARANCIK M. , TRIBULOVA N.
Published: February 2020

Gap junction connexin channels are important determinants of myocardial conduction and synchronization that is crucial for coordinated heart function. One of the main risk factors for cardiovascular events that results in heart attack, congestive heart failure, stroke as well as sudden arrhythmic death is hypertension. Mislocalization and/or dysfunction of specific connexin-43 channels due to hypertension-induced myocardial remodeling have been implicated in the occurrence of life-threatening arrhythmias and heart failure in both, humans as well as experimental animals. Recent studies suggest that down-regulation of myocardial connexin-43, its abnormal distribution and/or phosphorylation might be implicated in this process. On the other hand, treatment of hypertensive animals with cardioprotective drugs (e.g. statins) or supplementation with non-pharmacological compounds, such as melatonin, omega-3 fatty acids and red palm oil protects from lethal arrhythmias. The antiarrhythmic effects are attributed to the attenuation of myocardial connexin-43 abnormalities associated with preservation of myocardial architecture and improvement of cardiac conduction. Findings uncover novel mechanisms of cardioprotective (antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic) effects of compounds that are used in clinical settings. Well-designed trials are needed to explore the antiarrhythmic potential of these compounds in patients suffering from hypertension.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Reduce Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Abnormalities in Expression of Connexin-40 in Aorta of Hereditary Hypertriglyceridemic Rats
Authors: FRIMMEL K. , SOTNÍKOVÁ R. , NAVAROVÁ J. , BERNÁTOVÁ I. , KRIŽÁK J. , HAVIAROVÁ Z. , KURA B. , SLEZÁK J. , OKRUHLICOVÁ Ľ.
Published: February 2020

Omega-3 fatty acids (Ω3FA) are known to reduce hypertriglyceridemia- and inflammation-induced vascular wall diseases. However, mechanisms of their effects are not completely clear. We examined, whether 10-day Ω3FA diet can reduce bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced changes in expression of gap junction protein connexin40 (Cx40) in the aorta of hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (hHTG) rats. After administration of a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) to adult hHTG rats, animals were fed with Ω3FA diet (30 mg/kg/day) for 10 days. LPS decreased Cx40 expression that was associated with reduced acetylcholine-induced relaxation of aorta. Ω3FA administration to LPS rats had partial anti-inflammatory effects, associated with increased Cx40 expression and improved endothelium dependent relaxation of the aorta. Our results suggest that 10-day Ω3FA diet could protect endothelium-dependent relaxation of the aorta of hHTG rats against LPS-induced damage through the modulation of endothelial Cx40 expression.
Nrf2 as a Key Player of Redox Regulation in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: BARANČÍK M. , GREŠOVÁ L. , BARTEKOVÁ M. , DOVINOVÁ I.
Published: February 2020

The oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In CVD progression an aberrant redox regulation was observed. In this regulation levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in cellular signaling, where Nrf2 is the key regulator of redox homeostasis. Keap1-Nrf2-ARE system regulates a great set of detoxificant and antioxidant enzymes in cells after ROS and electrophiles exposure. In this review we focus on radical-generating systems in cardiovascular system as well as on Nrf2 as a target against oxidative stress and a key player of redox regulation in cardiovascular diseases. We also summarize the current knowledge about the role of Nrf2 in pathophysiology of several CVD (hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyopathies) as well as in cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion injury.
Stimulation of Mitochondrial ATP Synthase Activity – a New Diazoxide-Mediated Mechanism of Cardioprotection
Authors: JAŠOVÁ M. , KANCIROVÁ I. , MURÁRIKOVÁ M. , FARKAŠOVÁ V. , WACZULÍKOVÁ I. , RAVINGEROVÁ T. , ZIEGELHÖFFER A. , FERKO M.
Published: February 2020

Pharmacological preconditioning by diazoxide and a model of experimental streptozotocin-induced acute diabetes mellitus (STZ-DM) provided similar levels of cardioprotection assessed as limiting myocardial infarct size. The aim was to explore the possibility of existence of another in vitro mechanism, which could be contributory to cardioprotection mediated by diazoxide treatment. Mitochondrial membrane fluidity and ATP synthase activity in isolated heart mitochondria were determined under the influence of two factors, STZ-DM condition and treatment with diazoxide. Both factors independently increased the ATP synthase activity (p<0.05), as no interaction effect was observed upon the combination of STZ-DM with diazoxide. On the other hand, the mitochondrial membrane fluidity was significantly increased by STZ-DM only; no significant main effect for diazoxide was found. Based on the results from measurements of enzyme kinetics, we assume a direct interaction of diazoxide with the molecule of ATP synthase stimulated its activity by noncompetitive activation. Our present work revealed, for the first time, that cardioprotection induced by diazoxide may not be caused exclusively by mitochondrial KATP opening, but presumably also by a direct interaction of diazoxide with ATP synthase, although the mechanisms for achieving this activation cannot be fully delineated.
Trijų skirtingų kineziterapijos programų efektyvumas gerinant kaklinės stuburo dalies skausmu besiskundžiančiųjų gyvenimo kokybę
Authors: Ašmontaitė Evelina , Dudonienė Vilma
Published: February 2020

Tyrimo pagrindimas. Kaklo skausmas yra globalus sveikatos sutrikimas, labai paveikiantis asmens gyvenimo kokybę. Dėl skirtingai vertinamų metodikų pasigendama vieningos tyrėjų nuomonės, kokia kineziterapijos metodika yra efektyviausia mažinant kaklinės stuburo dalies skausmą, todėl pasirinkome palyginti tris skirtingas Tikslas – išanalizuoti skirtingų kineziterapijos metodikų poveikį tiriamųjų gyvenimo kokybei, esant kaklinės stuburo dalies Metodai. Buvo tiriami 55 asmenys, besiskundžiantys nespecifinio pobūdžio lėtiniu kaklo skausmu. Tiriamieji buvo suskirstyti į keturias grupes: pirma (n = 15) – jiems iš pradžių taikytas kaklo ir pečių lanko masažas, paskui – kaklo ir pečių lanko tempimo ir stiprinimo pratimai (masažas ir pratimai); antra (n = 15) – taikyti kaklo ir pečių lanko tempimo ir stiprinimo pratimai,  paskui – kaklo ir pečių lanko masažas (pratimai ir masažas); trečia (n = 13) – taikytas tik kineziterapinis pleistras (KIN pleistras); ketvirta (n = 12) – kontrolinė grupė, kuriai netaikoma jokia intervencija.  Prieš intervencijas ir po jų buvo įvertinta tiriamųjų gyvenimo kokybė  kaklo negalios indeksu (KNI), miego kokybė – Pitsburgo miego kokybės indeksu, taip pat buvo įvertintas Rezultatai. Visose grupėse, lyginant su kontroline grupe, statistiškai reikšmingai sumažėjo kaklo negalios indekso (KNI) reikšmės, nuovargis, pagerėjo miego Išvados. 1. Tiriamųjų, kuriems taikytas masažas, paskui – gydomieji pratimai, gyvenimo kokybė reikšmingai pagerėjo. 2. Tiriamųjų, kuriems taikyti gydomieji pratimai, paskui – masažas, gyvenimo kokybė taip pat reikšmingai pagerėjo. 3. Tiriamųjų, kuriems taikytas kineziterapinis pleistras, gyvenimo kokybė reikšmingai pagerėjo.Raktažodžiai: kaklo skausmas, masažas, kineziterapinis pleistras, pratimai, gyvenimo kokybė.
Effect of Feeding Rat on the Biochemical Profile of Blood and Liver Morphology
Authors: Shidakov Yu. , Sharova E. , Abdumalikova I. , Mashanlo T. , Abdulbakiev A.
Published: February 2020

The nature of nutrition modifies the metabolism of substances and ensures either normal functioning or contributes to metabolic disorders and the development of pathologies. A study was made of the effect of different feeding diets (lipid, carbohydrate and protein) on the blood biochemical profile of adult sexually mature rats. The work was performed on 28 white laboratory male rats weighing 180–250 g, which were 4 groups: the first (1) group (n=7) was fed exclusively with lipids (fat tail fat), the second (2, n=7) — carbohydrates (sugar), the third (3, n=7) — proteins, and the fourth (4, n=7) — standard food. The levels of glucose, cholesterol, total protein and albumin were determined by the colorimetric method. It was revealed that when taking lipid food in the blood, levels of cholesterol, glucose, total protein and albumin increased; when consuming carbohydrate feed — the content of glucose and lipids; when consuming a protein diet — total protein, albumin and lipids. The concentration of cholesterol increased with the use of all types of diet, especially significantly with lipid. Thus, glucose concentration increased with carbohydrate and lipid diets; total protein — with protein; glucose equally — with lipid and carbohydrate. The highest concentration of albumin is observed with a lipid diet, the lowest — with a carbohydrate.
Wavelia Breast Imaging: The Optical Breast Contour Detection Subsystem
Authors: Gil Cano Julio Daniel , Fasoula Angie , Duchesne Luc , Bernard Jean-Gael
Published: February 2020

Wavelia is a low-power electromagnetic wave breast imaging device for breast cancer diagnosis, which consists of two subsystems, both performing non-invasive examinations: the Microwave Breast Imaging (MBI) subsystem and the Optical Breast Contour Detection (OBCD) subsystem. The Wavelia OBCD subsystem is a 3D scanning device using an infrared 3D stereoscopic camera, which performs an azimuthal scan to acquire 3D point clouds of the external surface of the breast. The OBCD subsystem aims at reconstructing fully the external envelope of the breast, with high precision, to provide the total volume of the breast and morphological data as a priori information to the MBI subsystem. This paper presents a new shape-based calibration procedure for turntable-based 3D scanning devices, a new 3D breast surface reconstruction method based on a linear stretching function, as well as the breast volume computation method that have been developed and integrated with the Wavelia OBCD subsystem, before its installation at the Clinical Research Facility of Galway (CRFG), in Ireland, for first-in-human clinical testing. Indicative results of the Wavelia OBCD subsystem both from scans of experimental breast phantoms and from patient scans are thoroughly presented and discussed in the paper.
Phase Transitions and Crystal Structures of Ni(II) Complexes Determined with X-ray Powder Diffraction Data
Authors: Konaka Hisashi , Sasaki Akito
Published: February 2020

Structural changes of chloride and bromide complexes, [Ni(Et2en)2(H2O)2]Cl2 (designated as 1a) and [Ni(Et2en)2]Br2 (2a), have been investigated by using simultaneous measurements of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry data under the temperature and humidity controls. The hydrate form of chloride complex 1a was transformed into an anhydrate form (1b) by heating at a temperature of 361 K. Then the 1b was reversibly returned to the original 1a by humidification at 25% relative humidity (RH) and temperature of 300 K. On the other hand, the anhydrate form of the bromide complex 2a was first transformed into a hydrate form (2b) at 30% RH and 300 K. On heating, the 2b turned to a new anhydrate form (2c) at 344 K, and then it returned to the original form 2a on further heating. In the present experiments, a series of reactions of 2a proceeded via 2c, which was newly found with the benefit of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements performed in parallel to the XRD measurements. Crystal structures of new crystalline forms of 1b, 2b, and 2c were determined from the powder XRD data.
Asymptotic Analysis of the kth Subword Complexity
Authors: Ahmadi Lida , Ward Mark Daniel
Published: February 2020

Patterns within strings enable us to extract vital information regarding a string’s randomness. Understanding whether a string is random (Showing no to little repetition in patterns) or periodic (showing repetitions in patterns) are described by a value that is called the kth Subword Complexity of the character string. By definition, the kth Subword Complexity is the number of distinct substrings of length k that appear in a given string. In this paper, we evaluate the expected value and the second factorial moment (followed by a corollary on the second moment) of the kth Subword Complexity for the binary strings over memory-less sources. We first take a combinatorial approach to derive a probability generating function for the number of occurrences of patterns in strings of finite length. This enables us to have an exact expression for the two moments in terms of patterns’ auto-correlation and correlation polynomials. We then investigate the asymptotic behavior for values of k = Θ ( log n ) . In the proof, we compare the distribution of the kth Subword Complexity of binary strings to the distribution of distinct prefixes of independent strings stored in a trie. The methodology that we use involves complex analysis, analytical poissonization and depoissonization, the Mellin transform, and saddle point analysis.
Nonlinear Canonical Correlation Analysis:A Compressed Representation Approach
Authors: Painsky Amichai , Feder Meir , Tishby Naftali
Published: February 2020

Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) is a linear representation learning method that seeks maximally correlated variables in multi-view data. Nonlinear CCA extends this notion to a broader family of transformations, which are more powerful in many real-world applications. Given the joint probability, the Alternating Conditional Expectation (ACE) algorithm provides an optimal solution to the nonlinear CCA problem. However, it suffers from limited performance and an increasing computational burden when only a finite number of samples is available. In this work, we introduce an information-theoretic compressed representation framework for the nonlinear CCA problem (CRCCA), which extends the classical ACE approach. Our suggested framework seeks compact representations of the data that allow a maximal level of correlation. This way, we control the trade-off between the flexibility and the complexity of the model. CRCCA provides theoretical bounds and optimality conditions, as we establish fundamental connections to rate-distortion theory, the information bottleneck and remote source coding. In addition, it allows a soft dimensionality reduction, as the compression level is determined by the mutual information between the original noisy data and the extracted signals. Finally, we introduce a simple implementation of the CRCCA framework, based on lattice quantization.
Rope Tension Fault Diagnosis in Hoisting Systems Based on Vibration Signals Using EEMD, Improved Permutation Entropy, and PSO-SVM
Authors: Xue Shaohua , Tan Jianping , Shi Lixiang , Deng Jiwei
Published: February 2020

Fault diagnosis of rope tension is significantly important for hoisting safety, especially in mine hoists. Conventional diagnosis methods based on force sensors face some challenges regarding sensor installation, data transmission, safety, and reliability in harsh mine environments. In this paper, a novel fault diagnosis method for rope tension based on the vibration signals of head sheaves is proposed. First, the vibration signal is decomposed into some intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method. Second, a sensitivity index is proposed to extract the main IMFs, then the de-noised signal is obtained by the sum of the main IMFs. Third, the energy and the proposed improved permutation entropy (IPE) values of the main IMFs and the de-noised signal are calculated to create the feature vectors. The IPE is proposed to improve the PE by adding the amplitude information, and it proved to be more sensitive in simulations of impulse detecting and signal segmentation. Fourth, vibration samples in different tension states are used to train a particle swarm optimization–support vector machine (PSO-SVM) model. Lastly, the trained model is implemented to detect tension faults in practice. Two experimental results validated the effectiveness of the proposed method to detect tension faults, such as overload, underload, and imbalance, in both single-rope and multi-rope hoists. This study provides a new perspective for detecting tension faults in hoisting systems.
Development and Characterization of Simple Sequence Repeat Markers for, and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Liquidambar formosana
Authors: Chen Siyuan , Dong Mingliang , Zhang Yan , Qi Shuaizheng , Liu Xuezeng , Zhang Jinfeng , Zhao Jian
Published: February 2020

Liquidambar formosana (Hamamelidaceae) is a relatively fast-growing deciduous tree of high ornamental value that is indigenous to China. However, few molecular markers are available for the species or its close relatives; this has hindered genomic and genetic studies. Here, we develop a series of transferable expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeats (EST-SSRs) for genomic analysis of L. formosana. We downloaded the sequence of the L. formosana transcriptome from the National Center of Biotechnology Information Database and identified SSR loci in the Unigene library. We found 3284 EST-SSRs by mining 34,491 assembled unigenes. We synthesized 100 random primer pairs for validation of eight L. formosana individuals; of the 100 pairs, 32 were polymorphic. We successfully transferred 12 EST-SSR markers across three related Liquidambar species; the markers exhibited excellent cross-species transferability and will facilitate genetic studies and breeding of Liquidambar. A total of 72 clones of three Liquidambar species were uniquely divided into three main clusters; principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) supported this division. Additionally, a set of 20 SSR markers that did not exhibit nonspecific amplification were used to genotype more than 53 L. formosana trees. The mean number of alleles (Na) was 5.75 and the average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.578, which was higher than that of the natural L. formosana population (0.390). In other words, the genetic diversity of the plus L. formosana population increased, but excellent phenotypic features were maintained. The primers will be valuable for genomic mapping, germplasm characterization, gene tagging, and further genetic studies. Analyses of genetic diversity in L. formosana will provide a basis for efficient application of genetic materials and rational management of L. formosana breeding programs.
Sustainable Timber Trade: A Study on Discrepancies in Chinese Logs and Lumber Trade Statistics
Authors: Liu Fei , Wheiler Kent , Ganguly Indroneil , Hu Mingxing
Published: February 2020

Discrepancies in trade statistics can be normal or benign and attributed to a wide variety of unintentional factors, or in some instances within the timber products sector, such discrepancies can be associated with “systemic” factors that distort trade statistics, including (i) measurement and shipment issues, (ii) misreporting of product volumes, (iii) misclassification of timber product types, and (iv) government regulations concerned about trade. This study measured trade discrepancies in logs and lumber trade statistics for China and its trading partner countries from 2002 to 2018 using a time-lagged function, based on the customs data available from Global Trade Information Services (GTIS), with the aim of exploring a more nuanced understanding of trade discrepancies and their “systemic” factors. The results showed that the range of overall discrepancies in logs and lumber trade statistics shrunk over time, from [−0.069, 1.207] in 2002–2007 to [−0.120, 0.408] in 2013–2018. The larger trade flows of logs and lumber from Russia, New Zealand, and the U.S. (each above 10% of total China’s import) showed small trade statistics discrepancy ratios, which were less than ± 0.06. However, trade discrepancies still remained large at the disaggregated level, and significant differences of trade discrepancies between tropical and non-tropical countries. The range of trade discrepancies in hardwood logs increased from 2002 to 2018 and appeared to be attributed to misclassification and misreporting in tropical countries such as Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Ghana. However, these countries’ trade flows are becoming relatively minor over time. Government policies are suggested to play an important role in influencing both the occurrence and resolution of trade discrepancies.
Spatially Explicit Analysis of Trade-Offs and Synergies among Multiple Ecosystem Services in Shaanxi Valley Basins
Authors: Sun Yijie , Li Jing , Liu Xianfeng , Ren Zhiyuan , Zhou Zixiang , Duan Yifang
Published: February 2020

Understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of trade-offs and synergies among multiple ecosystem services (ESs) is the basis of sustainable ecosystem management. The ecological environment of valley basins is very fragile, while bearing the enormous pressure of economic development and population growth, which has damaged the balance of the ecosystem structure and ecosystem services. In this study, we selected two typical valley basins—Guanzhong Basin and Hanzhong Basin—as study areas. The spatial heterogeneity of trade-offs and synergies among multiple ESs (net primary production (NPP), habitat quality (HQ), soil conservation (SC), water conservation (WC), and food supply (FS)) were quantified using the correlation analysis and spatial overlay based on the gird scale to quantitatively analyze and compare the interaction among ESs in two basins. Our results found that: (1) Trade-offs between FS and other four services NPP, HQ, SC, and WC were discovered in two basins, and there were synergistic relationships between NPP, HQ, SC, and WC. (2) From 2000 to 2018, the conflicted relationships between paired ESs gradually increased, and the synergistic relationship became weaker. Furthermore, the rate of change in Guanzhong Basin was stronger than that in Hanzhong Basin. (3) The spatial synergies and trade-offs between NPP and HQ, WC and NPP, FS and HQ, SC and FS were widespread in two basins. The strong trade-offs between pair ESs were widly distributed in the central and southwest of Guanzhong Basin and the southeast of Hanzhong Basin. (4) Multiple ecosystem service interactions were concentrated in the north of Qinling Mountain, the central of Guanzhong Basins, and the east of Hanzhong Basin. Our research highlights the importance of taking spatial perspective and accounting for multiple ecosystem service interactions, and provide a reliable basis for achieving ecological sustainable development of the valley basin.
The Assessment of Two Species of Soapberry as Resources for High-Quality Biodiesel Production with an Optimized Method of Ultrasound-Assisted Oil Extraction
Authors: Zhang Yun-Qi , Jin Lin , Duan Jie , Zhao Guo-Chun , Xu Yuan-Yuan , Liu Ji-Ming , Jia Li-Ming , Hao Yan-Bin , Su Shu-Chai
Published: February 2020

Biodiesel has many advantages, yet its high price has become the main obstacle to market acceptance. Selecting non-edible woody oil plant resources and optimizing the oil extraction process will contribute to the effective utilization of raw materials and development of the related biodiesel industry. This study presents a detailed evaluation of two Sapindus species (Sapindus delavayi (Franch.) Radlk. and Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.) as promising feedstocks for biodiesel production. As ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) is considered a green and efficient oil extraction method, the process was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) using a Box–Behnken design (BBD) in our study. The kernel oil yield of S. delavayi was up to 43.67% ± 0.16% under the optimized extraction conditions (the ultrasonic power was 109W, extracting at 65 °C for 25 min, and the liquid–solid ratio was 9 mL·g−1). The kernel oil yield of S. mukorossi was as high as 45.96% ± 0.21% under the optimized extraction conditions (the ultrasonic power was 114W, extracting at 68 °C for 26 min, and the liquid–solid ratio was 9 mL·g−1). The fatty acid profiles of S. delavayi and S. mukorossi kernel oils showed a high percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids (74.91% and 76.32%, respectively) and a low percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (11.11% and 7.83%, respectively) and saturated fatty acids (13.98% and 15.85%, respectively). Most of the properties of the two biodiesels conformed to EN 14214:2014, ASTM D6751–2018 and GB 25199–2017 standards, except for oxidation stability. In general, the results provided the optimized extraction method using ultrasound for the two species oil extraction and proved that the two kernel oils are potentially useful feedstocks for high-quality and low-cost biodiesel production.
Restraint Factors and Child Passenger Deaths in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Whyte Tom , Albanese Bianca , Elkington Jane , Bilston Lynne , Brown Julie
Published: February 2020

Inappropriate or incorrect use of child restraints can influence crash injury outcome. This study examined the role of restraint factors in child passenger deaths and the effect of legislation requiring appropriate restraint systems up to 7 years old. Data for child (0–12 years) passenger deaths occurring in New South Wales (NSW) from 2007 to 2016 were collected by the child death review team including photographs, reports of in-depth crash investigation, witness reports and medical reports. Restraint use, type of restraint, appropriateness of the restraint for the age of the child and correctness of restraint use were examined. The primary contributor to death was determined in each case. Sixty-four child passengers died in NSW during the data period. Twenty-nine (29/64, 45%) were properly restrained. Thirteen children (13/64, 20%) were unrestrained. In 20 cases (20/64, 31%), children were using a restraint that was either inappropriate for their age (6) or not used correctly (14). Restraint factors were a primary contributor in 22 (22/64, 34%) child deaths. Compared to pre-legislation, appropriate restraint use was more common post-legislation (13/22. 59% vs. 30/42, 71%). However, incorrect use was also greater (3/22, 14% vs. 11/42, 26%). Interventions targeting increasing restraint use and reduction of common ‘use’ errors are needed to prevent further restraint factor-related deaths.
Examining the Urban and Rural Healthcare Progress in Big Cities of China: Analysis of Monitoring Data in Dalian from 2008 to 2017
Authors: Qiu Yukun , Lu Wei , Guo Jianke , Sun Caizhi , Liu Xinyu
Published: February 2020

How to effectively reduce the disparity between urban and rural medical healthcare has become a major global concern. In China, the government has issued a series of reform measures to address the gap between urban and rural medical care. To explore the impact of China’s medical system reforms in improving health services in urban and rural areas and understand the factors promoting and hindering progress, we evaluated the healthcare system in Dalian City, China, from 2008 to 2017. The weighted TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution) model was used to assess the development of the healthcare system in the different districts and employed the obstacle model to identify and analyze indicators that hinder progress in health services. Using the local spatial clustering function, we categorized the districts in terms of the hindrance type that significantly hamper the growth of the healthcare system. Our results show the healthcare system in Dalian’s urban areas has steadily increased, while development in rural areas has been erratic. Although the urban–rural healthcare disparity has narrowed distinctly, sustained progress is not guaranteed. Based on the location theory, residents in urban areas are more affected by economic factors, while those in rural areas are more influenced by time considerations. When initiating healthcare reforms in urban areas, the impact of varying land prices and per capita disposable income should be considered. For rural areas, constructing more medical institutions to reduce the impact of time costs should be considered. We also found different factors that hinder the growth of the healthcare system for urban and rural areas. To address these impediments to progress, urban areas should pay more attention to coordinated development, while rural areas should address specific concerns based on local needs and conditions. More research on the progress in medical reform is crucial to provide reference and policy-guidance for countries facing similar concerns.
Comparison of Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Methods to Measure Salivary Cotinine Levels in Ill Children
Authors: Mahabee-Gittens E. Melinda , Mazzella Matthew J. , Doucette John T. , Merianos Ashley L. , Stone Lara , Wullenweber Chase A. , A. Busgang Stefanie , Matt Georg E.
Published: February 2020

Objective: Cotinine is the preferred biomarker to validate levels of tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) in children. Compared to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods (ELISA) for quantifying cotinine in saliva, the use of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has higher sensitivity and specificity to measure very low levels of TSE. We sought to compare LC-MS/MS and ELISA measures of cotinine in saliva samples from children overall and the associations of these measures with demographics and TSE patterns. Method: Participants were nonsmoking children (N = 218; age mean (SD) = 6.1 (5.1) years) presenting to a pediatric emergency department. Saliva samples were analyzed for cotinine using both LC-MS/MS and ELISA. Limit of quantitation (LOQ) for LC-MS/MS and ELISA was 0.1 ng/mL and 0.15 ng/mL, respectively. Results: Intraclass correlations (ICC) across methods = 0.884 and was consistent in sex and age subgroups. The geometric mean (GeoM) of LC-MS/MS = 4.1 (range: < LOQ to 382 ng/mL; 3% < LOQ) which was lower (p < 0.0001) than the ELISA GeoM = 5.7 (range: < LOQ to 364 ng/mL; 5% < LOQ). Similar associations of cotinine concentrations with age ( β ^ < −0.10, p < 0.0001), demographic characteristics (e.g., income), and number of cigarettes smoked by caregiver ( β ^ > 0.07, p < 0.0001) were found regardless of cotinine detection method; however, cotinine associations with sex and race/ethnicity were only found to be significant in models using LC-MS/MS-derived cotinine. Conclusions: Utilizing LC-MS/MS-based cotinine, associations of cotinine with sex and race/ethnicity of child were revealed that were not detectable using ELISA-based cotinine, demonstrating the benefits of utilizing the more sensitive LC-MS/MS assay for cotinine measurement when detecting low levels of TSE in children.