bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental costing and sustainable accounting: A comprehensive review: Delving into methods of accounting for environmental impacts in financial statements
Authors: Benjamin Samson Ayinla  , Chinedu Ugochukwu Ike  , Onyeka Franca Asuzu  , Akoh Atadoga  , Ndubuisi Leonard Ndubuisi  , Rhoda Adura Adeleye
Published: February 2024

This study provides a comprehensive review of the integration of environmental costs into financial reporting within the framework of sustainable accounting. The main objectives were to explore the historical evolution, current practices, challenges, and future trends in environmental accounting, and to assess its impact on businesses, the economy, and stakeholders. Employing a systematic literature review and content analysis methodology, the study analyzed peer-reviewed journal articles, industry reports, and policy documents from 2013 to 2023. Key findings reveal a significant evolution in environmental accounting, transitioning from a marginalized practice to a mainstream component in financial reporting. Current practices are characterized by innovative approaches and technological advancements, reflecting a shift towards holistic and sustainable business operations. The study identified challenges such as the complexity of integrating environmental costs, the need for standardized reporting frameworks, and the requirement for skilled expertise. Opportunities include enhanced corporate transparency, improved stakeholder engagement, and alignment with global sustainability goals. The study concludes with strategic recommendations for business leaders and policymakers, emphasizing the adoption of environmental accounting as a strategic business approach and the development of comprehensive environmental accounting standards. Future research directions include exploring the impact of environmental accounting across different industries, the role of emerging technologies, and the long-term effects on business performance and sustainability. This study contributes to the understanding of environmental costing within sustainable accounting, highlighting its growing importance in the corporate world.
Exploring the role of Mathematics teachers in Secondary-level education in Nepal: A case study analysis on Geometric study within Bagamati province in Nepal
Authors: Rajendra Dura  , Siddhi Prasad Koirala
Published: February 2024

Geometry is one of the major topics of Mathematic education requires hard work and practice to get the desired result in the Nepalese context. This study aims to find out the role of teachers in Geometry teaching at the secondary level within the Government schools of Ramechhap, Sindhupalchok and Chitwan districts respectively. A cross-sectional study was designed to find out the findings of the study. The study was conducted in March 2023 applying various research tools of Questionnaires, FGD, and KII questionnaires. The result shows a trend of education within the Government system is following the national curriculum, and teachers are well aware of the education system trained, educated and holding positions after completing competitive ways that also prove the competent ability of teachers. The teachers are playing a vital role in rural-urban schools in the study area, paying hard times and ongoing providing efforts. However, various social and economic issues are associated with Geometry education, lack of funding and human resources and priorities to mathematics are minimal. Teachers’ skills and efforts are remarkable, additional classes and time-to-time tests are ongoing. The study further concluded mathematics education is no-doubt a challenge in government schools and limited access on human resources among schools with lack of financial support and material-access found limited and insufficient in the present context. Investment on teaching practices with instrumental support and multi sectoral efforts is advised.
ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ ЖІНОЧОЇ БІЛИЗНИ: СВІТОВИЙ І УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ КОНТЕКСТИ
Authors: Пашкевич К. Л. , Герасименко О. Д. , Сімак А. І. , Чуботіна І. М. , Монько А. Л.
Published: February 2024

Метою статті є дослідження історичного розвитку жіночої білизни ХХ ст.; порівняльний аналіз художньо-композиційних ознак, різновидів крою, образного рішення та засобів оздоблення жіночої білизни зазначеного періоду; узагальнення сучасних напрямів еволюції жіночої білизни в світі та в Україні.

Методологія. Для досягнення поставленої мети було застосовано комплексний підхід, що поєднує вивчення історичних матеріалів, системно-інформаційний та візуально-аналітичний методи.

Результати. Досліджено еволюцію жіночої спідньої білизни та охарактеризовано особливості її розвитку у ХХ ст., проаналізовано основні тенденції розвитку жіночої білизни обраного періоду часу. Визначено, що світова еволюція відрізнялась від української через особливості політичного устрою країни тих часів, проте зі здобуттям незалежності наприкінці ХХ ст. Україна активно приєдналась до світового ринку виготовлення білизни. Охарактеризовано творчість сучасних світових і українських брендів, що займаються виготовленням спідньої білизни. На основі проведених досліджень розроблено творчу колекцію на основі трансформації творчого джерела – ретро-тенденції білизни ХХ ст.

Наукова новизна. Здійснено порівняльну характеристику основних тенденцій розвитку спідньої білизни ХХ ст. в світі та в України, виявлено фактори, які впливали на формування тенденції моди цього сегменту товарів в світі і України в зазначений період,

Практична значущість. Результати наукової роботи можуть бути використані в навчальному процесі підготовки дизайнерів та практичній діяльності сучасних дизайнерів одягу; при викладанні дисциплін з історії дизайну і моди. Крім того, результати наукової роботи сприятимуть усвідомленню необхідності збереження та поширення національних традицій у дизайні одягу.
Architecture as Infrastructure for Archaeology: A Design Strategy for Crapolla’s Abbey in the Sorrento Peninsula Landscape
Authors: Miano Pasquale , Coppolino Francesca
Published: February 2024

The contribution aims at investigating the relationship between invisible archaeology, coastal landscapes and architectural design through the case of St. Peter’s Abbey archaeological site, in the Fjord of Crapolla, Massa Lubrense, in the Sorrento Peninsula, that has been the subject of an interdisciplinary research held at the University of Naples Federico II. In these particular situations, architectural design works on an interpretative condition where the intersection between reciprocal learnings takes on great importance in order to define articulated design strategies for the valorization of the weaker ancient traces still present in the contemporary territory. The Crapolla’s Abbey is an emblematic case, where the achieved results by different studies, from archaeological excavations to surveys, from studies on ancient materials and construction techniques to those on the spolia architecture, from landscape studies to geological ones, inevitably become the basis of architectural design, which has to be constantly updated, taking the connotations of an “open work” and becoming a sort of “building site of knowledge” in progress, where the new architecture becomes an “infrastructure” for archaeology.
Building Environments for Female Sex Trafficking Victims: A Parametric Design Approach
Authors: Papadopoulou Foteini , Carta Silvio , Wyn Owen Ian
Published: February 2024

This paper presents findings on the use of computational design techniques to analyse and develop a building environment based on a set of defined design principles. In this study, we explored and established the design principles of a building environment for female victims of sex trafficking that contribute to the overall recovery and reintegration of these women into society. Additionally, we examined and evaluated the use of parametric design as a computational tool to support the development of a model for designing these building environments. We address this issue by creating a set of guidelines based on data research and literature review and testing data-driven techniques, including generative design and models for self-organising floor plans. The paper explores the benefits as well as the potential disadvantages of such design approaches by comparing them to this set of desired guidelines. Finally, we present preliminary findings from this analysis and suggest further research directions.
Wie mobil ist der Erzähler? Beobachtungen zu metaleptischen Szenenwechseln in Antike, Mittelalter und Renaissance
Authors: Kuhn-Treichel Thomas
Published: February 2024

In a type of metalepsis common from antiquity to modern times, the narrator puts himself in direct contact with the narrated world by visualising the change of scene as a movement between two places or (groups of) characters. This article concentrates on the spatial aspect of this contact and investigates the question to what extent the narrator claims mobility in the narrated space. As the examples discussed show, there are striking differences between the epochs, which are significant for a historicised understanding of storytelling in general. While ancient (i.e., Greek and Latin) narrators sometimes transfer themselves to specific places, medieval vernacular scene shift formulae usually refer to characters, who are envisaged in a performative co-presence with the narrator and the addressees. This situation changes in the Italian Renaissance (Boccaccio, Ariosto), when narrators start to emphasise their mobility again, which they simultaneously enrich with new implications.
Poetik der Visualität
Authors: Stolz Michael
Published: February 2024

In recent decades the poetics of the visual has attracted increased scholarly interest in cultural and historical studies; but so far, the topic has rarely been considered from intercultural perspectives. A revealing example of this is Wolfram von Eschenbach’s medieval poem Parzival, composed shortly after 1200, that suggests that his author was – at least to some extent – familiar with the arabian knowledge of his time, as transmitted through the Iberian translation Centre of Toledo. The metaphorical language of the poem evokes contrasts of light and darkness, the phenomenon of haziness and the play of colours. So far, hardly any attempt has been made to relate these motifs to contemporaneous Arabic theory of optics. Influential thinkers such as Alhazen (Ibn al-Haytham) studied the structure of the eye, the radiation of light, as well as the effects of reflection and refraction. Whereas these ideas would spread in occidental science only over the course of the 13th century (via Roger Bacon and others), Wolfram’s Parzival ‘reflects’ elementary components of Arabian optics already in an earlier period.
Linfoma MALT cerebral primario. Primer reporte en latinamerica
Authors: LEON PALACIOS JOSE LUIS , CASAVILCA ZAMBRANO SANDRO , BORDA LUQUE GIULIANO
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los linfomas de la zona marginal de células B consiste en la asociación de tejido extranodal o tejido linfoide asociado a mucosa “MALT” es un tipo raro de linfoma de bajo grado, usualmente confundido con un meningioma; existe una pequeña serie que presenta en su mayoría un compromiso dural; excluyendo a este último, los linfomas primarios de bajo grado del sistema nervioso central son patologías extremadamente raras.
MÉTODOS: Reporte de caso que describe la clínica, diagnóstico y manejo del primer caso de Linfoma MALT cerebral primario en la región.
RESULTADO: Reporte del primer caso de Linfoma MALT cerebral primario en la región, diagnosticado con inmunohistoquímica.
DISCUSIÓN: El linfoma MALT cerebral primario es infrecuente; a nivel mundial solo se han reportado 5 casos. Dentro de los diagnósticos diferenciales de los linfomas primarios del SNC hallamos los Linfomas secundarios, Toxoplasmosis cerebral, Glioblastoma multiforme (glioma en mariposa), el absceso cerebral, la Neurosarcoidosis y el Tuberculoma cerebral.
CONCLUSIÓN:  Esta patología debe estar incluido en el diagnóstico diferencial de las masas durales e intraparenquimales de pacientes inmunocompetentes.
Implementación del código estado epiléptico en México: tiempo es cerebro
Authors: Paredes-Aragón Elma , Martínez Juárez Iris E. , Castro Martínez Elvira , Karen E. Guzmán  , Mijail Rivas Cruz  , Alonso Gutiérrez Romero  , Garcia Anwar , Juan Carlos López Hernández
Published: February 2024

Introducción: El estado epiléptico es una urgencia neurológica. Se calcula una incidencia de 61 casos por 100,000 habitantes/año. Se estima una mortalidad entre el 20% y el 80%, siendo altamente dependiente de la eficacia y rapidez del manejo, la etiología y los factores de riesgo. Métodos: En esta síntesis narrativa, los autores revisaron la evidencia científica actual y elaboraron una propuesta de expertos para el manejo adaptada para México.  Resultados y discusión: Sintetizamos los datos actuales de la evidencia médica para estado epiléptico, con un enfoque practico para la mejora del manejo de los pacientes con estado epiléptico. Conclusión:  Los pacientes con estado epiléptico deben tratarse de forma estandarizada para prevenir morbimortalidad y utilizar de forma estandarizada un electroencefalograma continuo.
The Effect of the Addition of Turmeric Flour and Ginger Flour on The Performance of Laying Hens
Authors: Huda Khoirul , Siswara Hamzah Nata , Atho’illah Muhammad Ahsan
Published: February 2024

This study aims to see the production performance of laying hens fed with turmeric flour and ginger flour. The laying hens used were 80 with Isa Brown strain aged 32 weeks. The maintenance of laying hens in this study was carried out intensively (caged). During the study, chickens were fed twice daily at 08.00 WIB and 15.00 WIB. Feed is given in a measured manner, namely 120 g/head / Day. Drinking water is given in ad libitum measured. The parameters observed in this study are feed intake, hen day production, egg weight and feed conversion ratio. This study used a complete randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and four replications. They were given treatment through feed ration with the following details: P0 (feed), P1 (feed + 0.75% turmeric flour + 0.25% Ginger flour), P2 (feed + 0.25% turmeric flour + 0.75% Ginger flour) and P3 (feed + 0.50% turmeric flour + 0.50% Ginger flour). Giving turmeric flour and ginger flour into the feed had a significant effect on hen day production and egg weight (P<0.05) and no significant effect on feed intake and feed conversion ratio. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that adding turmeric flour and ginger flour can produce hen day production and high egg weight.
COMPARISON OF FOUR BODY COMPOSITION METHODS
Authors: Combest Travis , Tufano James , Lane Michael , Moon Jordan
Published: February 2024

https://youtu.be/t3o3Dpt23nU

BACKGROUND

High-frequency (500Khz) direct segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) accurately calculates total water mass and body fat% (BF%), but it is unknown whether higher frequencies (1000Khz) increase measurement accuracy. PURPOSE: This study compared BIA 500Khz, BIA 1000Khz, the Department of Defense DoD Circumference Method (CM), and the reference standard DEXA.

METHODS

A total of 62 participants from the military healthcare system (n=25 males, 38.8±11.4yrs, n=37 females 43.7±15.95yrs) were measured. BF% was estimated via DEXA, BIA 500, BIA 1000, and CM to identify the relationship between methods using Pearson Correlation, Intraclass Correlation Coefficients, and Bland Altman Plots (p <.05).

RESULTS

CM BF% estimates displayed significant moderate correlations with BIA 500 (males r=.63, ICC=.76; females r=.77, ICC=.85), BIA 1000 (males r=.59, ICC=. 74; females r=.77, ICC=.85), and DEXA (males r=.62, ICC=.62; females r=.73, ICC=.82). BIA 500 BF% displayed significant strong correlations with BIA 1000 (males r=.99, ICC=.99; females r=.99, ICC=.99) and DEXA (males r=.93, ICC=.94; females r=.89, ICC=.89). Lastly, BIA 1000 BF% also showed a significant strong correlation DEXA (males r=.93, ICC=.94; females r=.84, ICC=.90). Evaluating proportional bias using a Bland-Altman analysis confirmed an overall mean bias of -1.72% (CM and DEXA) in the female group, indicating the tendency of DEXA to underestimate BF% compared to CM, limits of agreement from -14.24 to 10.8. There was an upward slope of .33 as the CM BF% decreased and the DEXA BF% increased. There was agreement of BF% to 32%, but after 32%, there was more dispersion from the mean and outliers and with a significant trend for a greater difference in BF% between CM and DEXA (p<.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The correlation was higher between BIA 500 and BIA 1000 to DEXA when compared to CM. There was proportional bias between DEXA and CM in the female group with CM underestimating BF% compared to DEXA.When compared to BIA methods, BF% estimated via CM methods do not correlate well with BF% from DEXA. However, it does not seem as though higher BIA frequencies better predict BF%. The views expressed in this abstract are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Department of Army, Navy, Defense, or any other agency of the U.S. Government, nor should any official endorsement be inferred by the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government.
VALIDATION OF A NEURO-FITNESS DEVICE TO ASSESS COGNITIVE MEASURES: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Huynh Thinh , Yabut Christian , Ludolph Chonnor , Hall Colby , Clark C.Brendan , VanRavenhorst-Bell Heidi A.
Published: February 2024

https://youtu.be/KcNofia2bqw

BACKGROUND

A new portable neurocognitive training tool that administers central and peripheral visual and cognitive drills using a 7-foot-wide touchscreen light-board technology is being introduced into the sport and therapy fields. The purpose of this study is to assess the validity of the Reflexion Edge cognitive assessments compared to the FDA-cleared, ImPACT Computer-based test and Sway Medical App assessment.

METHODS

22 healthy adults, 19-66 yrs, M = 23.54 + SD = 9.81, 54% male, have participated, however the target enrollment is 100 participants. Participants completed one each of Reflexion Edge assessment using a 7-ft by 3-ft touchscreen light-board, ImPACT test using a laptop, and Sway assessment using an iPhone.

RESULTS

Spearman’s Rho correlational analyses were administered to determine the relationship between the Reflexion Edge scales and the ImPACT computer-based and Sway Medical app scales. Findings showed Reflexion Edge scales demonstrated significant correlations with multiple ImPACT and Sway Choice Reaction Time & Speed Processing scales, r = + 0.448 to 0.660, p’s < 0.05; ImPACT Attention & Memory scales, r = + 0.425 to 0.813, p’s < 0.05; and Sway Executive Function scales, r = + 0.424 to 0.776, p’s < 0.05. All analysis were conducted at an α of 0.05.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite a lack of statistical power, the Reflexion Edge cognitive measures demonstrated significant associations with several of the ImPACT computer-based and the Sway Medical app cognitive assessment measures. In addition, the correlational effect size (+ 0.362 to + 0.421) of several of the other Reflexion Edge scales suggested promising associations with the ImPACT and Sway app scales. The continuation of this study to increase the N and determine significant relevance is supported. In conclusion, Reflexion Edge may serve as a viable cognitive assessment tool based on its comparable association with established ImPACT Computer-based and SWAY Medical app assessments.
BODY COMPOSITION USING DXA VERSUS BIA IN A MIXED COHORT OF COLLEGE STUDENTS
Authors: Anderson Alicia M. , Uhrich Toni D. , Papanek Paula E.
Published: February 2024

https://youtu.be/pzOWeEl1S_s

BACKGROUND

Body composition assessment is an important clinical and research tool. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the ‘gold standard’ and useful in the research environment, however, it is expensive, reliant on a trained technician, requires a large space, and is immoveable. Bioelectrical impedance (BIA) measurements have improved with the application of 8-electrode multifrequency units and could offer faster, cheaper, and portable alternative if measurements are comparable. The purpose of this study was to determine how well bone mineral content (BMC), lean body mass (LBM), and fat mass measurements made with BIA compared to those made with DXA.

METHODS

46 (36 female) college students [avg 21.2 yr, 167.2 cm, 67.2 kg, 28.9% fat; 6 Asian, 4 Hispanic, 3 Black] had their BIA and DXA whole body composition measured within minutes of each other. Three compartments were compared BIA vs DXA: BMC, fat mass, and LBM. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were determined.

RESULTS

Absolute fat mass (r=0.95), lean mass (r=0.98), and BMC (r=0.91) were highly correlated between the assessment methods.

CONCLUSIONS

A quadripolar multifrequency BIA device can be a valid body composition surrogate in research environments using college students when a DXA machine is impractical to use.w
ASSESSMENT OF A SELF-PACED PROTOCOL FOR TESTING AEROBIC CAPACITY IN SCI INDIVIDUALS
Authors: Langford Tyler , Caputo Jennifer , Stevens Sandra
Published: February 2024

https://youtu.be/u89x4ivgoIc

BACKGROUND

Underwater treadmill (UT) exercise is a recent and sparsely tested modality that may be beneficial for those with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI). Currently, VO2max and HRmax have not been assessed during UT exercise among those with iSCI. This study's purpose was to determine if a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) based max exertion protocol used with a motorized UT can elicit criterion-based max physiological responses among those with and without iSCI.

METHODS

Healthy adult males with iSCI (n=4; Age=49.8 +/- 3.9 yrs) and without iSCI (n=4; Age=50.0 +/- 7.2 yrs) participated. Borg OMNI RPE scale was used by participants to estimate intensity of exercise. Each participant reported to the lab on two occasions. On visit one, they completed informed consent papers and familiarization with the RPE scale and UT exercise. On visit two, they completed a speed-based, self-regulated incremental exercise test on the UT. Prior to all testing, the UT was filled and set to 92°F. Upon arrival, HR monitor and mask for gas collection were donned. Water height was modified to the xiphoid process. The test consisted of rest, warm-up, incremental exercise, and active recovery phases. For warm-up, treadmill speed was adjusted to 0.5 mph for 3 minutes. After walking 3 minutes, speed was increased to 0.75 mph for another 3 minutes. The incremental exercise phase consisted of four stages, 3 minutes in duration, totaling 12 minutes. For each stage, participants self-selected a speed perceived to correspond to RPE levels: 3, 5, 7, and 10. Treadmill speed was hidden from participants. At each stage's start, speed was only adjusted during the first minute until reaching the proper RPE. During the final stage, treadmill speed could be changed freely until volitional exhaustion. The test ended when volitional exhaustion was reached, at which point the speed was lowered for an active recovery. An independent samples t-test was used to compare time (minutes) until volitional exhaustion. Separate independent samples t-tests were used to compare the highest achieved HR and VO2 values.

RESULTS

All iSCI participants achieved a VO2peak. Only 1 participant without iSCI achieved a VO2max. Mean VO2 was significantly lower, t(6)=3.81, p=.027, for those with iSCI (13.88 +/- 10.57 mL/kg/min) than those without iSCI (34.50 +/- 2.38 mL/kg/min).

CONCLUSION

This study shows that the UT is a safe modality for graded exercise testing for those with and without iSCI. An RPE-regulated protocol may not be effective for eliciting criterion-based maximal aerobic results with the UT, but was well tolerated by those with iSCI. Those with iSCI may have lacked lower limb strength to achieve max workloads. Being able to use the UT to test peak aerobic fitness allows clinicians to track improvements in economy following UT training. More research of this modality is encouraged with larger samples to further evaluate potential testing protocols among this population.
A COMPARISON OF GUIDELINES FOR HEART TRANSPLANT CONSIDERATION BASED ON CPET DATA
Authors: Brawner Clinton A. , Ehrman Jonathan K. , Keteyian Steven J.
Published: February 2024

https://youtu.be/tfol-46xG-o

BACKGROUND

The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) recommends using peak oxygen uptake (VO2≤12 mL/kg/min), percent predicted peak VO2 (ppVO2≤50%), or the ventilation to carbon dioxide slope (VE/VCO2 slope>35) to guide listing for heart transplantation (HTx) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Data comparing the mortality rates between each of these thresholds is lacking. The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to describe the 3-year mortality rate among patients with HFrEF based on the ISHLT recommendations.

METHODS

This was a secondary analysis of a combined cohort of patients (≥18 years) with HFrEF from Henry Ford Hospital (n=1,063) and the HF-ACTION study (n=1,772). The cohort was limited to patients who completed a cardiopulmonary exercise test on a treadmill and were prescribed a beta-adrenergic blockade at the time of the test. The primary outcome was probability of all-cause mortality at 3 years based on Kaplan-Meier estimates. Patients were censored at the date of HTx, left ventricular assist device implant, or last known alive. Mortality rates were calculated for patients with a peak VO2≤12 mL/kg/min, ppVO2≤50%, and VE/VCO2 slope>35. The cohort was stratified by sex, age, obesity (body mass index [BMI]> 30 kg/m2), and peak respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Mortality rates were compared to the 3-year mortality post HTx reported by ISHLT.

RESULTS

In our combined cohort (n=2,775; age=57±13 y; 19% women; 48% non-white), 3-year mortality for peak VO2≤12 mL/kg/min, ppVO2≤50%, and VE/VCO2 slope>35 was 30%, 31%, and 28%, respectively. Each of these are higher than the 3-year mortality post HTx (20%). Similar results were observed by age below/above 50 y, BMI < versus > 30 kg/m2, RER ≤ versus >1.05, and within men. However, among women the 3-year mortality was 18% for peak VO2≤12 mL/kg/min, 25% for ppVO2≤50%, and 21% for VE/VCO2 slope>35.

CONCLUSIONS

ISHLT recommendations to guide listing for HTx for peak VO2≤12 mL/kg/min, ppVO2≤50%, and VE/VCO2 slope>35 are associated with a higher 3-year mortality than patients post HTx irrespective of age, obesity, and RER. However, among women only ppVO2≤50% and VE/VCO2 slope>35 identify patients with 3-year mortality that is higher than HTx.
ARE CHANGE IN METS DURING CARDIAC REHAB RELATED TO CHANGE IN PEAK VO2 AND 6MWD?
Authors: Grimshaw Crystal , Keteyian Steven J. , Brawner Clinton A.
Published: February 2024

https://youtu.be/x7wTd1TmxrA

BACKGROUND

Change in metabolic equivalents of task (METs) during exercise training is often used as a program outcome in cardiac rehabilitation (CR). The purpose of this study is to assess the correlation between the change in estimated exercise training METs during a CR program and the change in six-minute walk distance (6MWD) and change in peak oxygen uptake (VO2).

METHODS

This is a secondary analysis of data from the iATTEND trial- a randomized controlled trial that compared facility based CR versus hybrid CR. Subjects included in this analysis had a history of myocardial infraction, coronary revascularization, heart failure, or valve surgery and completed ≥12 sessions of CR. METs during exercise training were estimated using ACSM treadmill equations from the average of the second, third and fourth sessions of CR and the final three sessions of CR. 6MWD and peak VO2 was derived from a symptom limited graded exercise treadmill test with gas exchange were collected at baseline before starting CR and within 14 days of completing CR. Pearson correlation coefficient was determined between change in estimated exercise training METs and both change in 6MWD and in peak VO2.

RESULTS

The final cohort was n=237 (age=59±12 years; 35% women; 57% non-white race). The correlation between change in estimated exercise training METs and 6MWD was r=0.257, r=0.245, and r=0.235 among patients who completed ≥12 sessions of CR, ≥24 sessions of CR, and 36 sessions of CR, respectively. The correlation between change in estimated exercise training METs and peak VO2 was r=0.121, r=0.100, and r=0.136 among patients who completed ≥12 sessions of CR, ≥24 sessions of CR, and 36 sessions of CR, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Although change in estimated exercise training METs during a CR program, change in 6MWD, and change in peak VO2 have each been used to describe change in exercise tolerance for program outcomes, the association between these variables is low (r= <0.3). This finding was independent regardless of the number of sessions completed. Further research is needed to better understand the relationship between the various methods of assessing change in exercise tolerance and program outcomes in CR.
Human-Centric Enterprise Security: Advancing Access Control through AI-Driven Administration
Authors: Mariam Amina , Berrada Ahmed , Nakamura Sora
Published: February 2024

This paper explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in access control to enhance enterprise security, focusing on the synergy between human administrators and intelligent systems. It begins by addressing challenges faced by human administrators and emphasizes the role of Explainable AI (XAI) in ensuring transparency. Case studies illustrate the effectiveness of AI in automating policy updates while involving human oversight. The paper concludes by discussing potential advancements and challenges, highlighting the pivotal collaboration between humans and AI in achieving adaptive and robust enterprise security.
No more cost in translation: Validating open-source machine translation for quantitative text analysis
Authors: Licht Hauke , Sczepanski Ronja , Laurer Moritz , Bekmuratovna Ayjeren
Published: February 2024

As more and more scholars apply computational text analysis methods to multilingual corpora, machine translation has become an indispensable tool. However, relying on commercial services for machine translation, such as Google Translate or DeepL, limits reproducibility and can be expensive. This paper assesses the viability of a reproducible and affordable alternative: free and open-source machine translation models. We ask whether researchers who use an open-source model instead of a commercial service for machine translation would obtain substantially different measurements from their multilingual corpora. We address this question by replicating and extending an influential study by de Vries et al. (2018) on the use of machine translation in cross-lingual topic modeling, and an original study of its use in supervised text classification with Transformer-based classifiers. We find only minor differences between the measurements generated by these methods when applied to corpora translated with open-source models and commercial services, respectively. We conclude that “free” machine translation is a very valuable addition to researchers’ multilingual text analysis toolkit. Our study adds to a growing body of work on multilingual text analysis methods and has direct practical implications for applied researchers.
High-dimensional multidisciplinary design optimization for aircraft eco-design
Authors: SAVES Paul
Published: February 2024

Nowadays, there is a significant and growing interest in improving the efficiency of vehicle design processes through the development of tools and techniques in the field of MDO. Specifically, in aerostructure design, aerodynamic and structural variables influence each other and have a joint effect on quantities of interest like weight or fuel consumption and, as such, MDO arises as a powerful tool for automatically making interdisciplinary trade-offs. In the aircraft design context, the process generally involves mixed continuous and categorical design variables. For instance, the size of an aircraft’s structural parts can be described using continuous variables, while discrete variables may include either integer variables, like the number of panels, or categorical variables, like cross-sections or material choices. The objective of this Philosophiae Doctor (Ph.D) thesis is to propose an efficient approach for optimizing a multidisciplinary black-box model when the optimization problem is constrained and involves a large number of mixed integer design variables (typically 100 variables). The targeted optimization approach, called EGO, is based on a sequential enrichment of an adaptive surrogate model and, in this context, GP surrogate models are one of the most widely used in engineering problems to approximate time-consuming high fidelity models. EGO is a heuristic BO method that performs well in terms of solution quality. However, like any other global optimization method, EGO suffers from the curse of dimensionality, meaning that its performance is satisfactory on lower dimensional problems, but deteriorates as the dimensionality of the optimization search space increases. For realistic aircraft design problems, the typical size of the design variables can even exceed 100 and, thus, trying to solve directly the problems using EGO is ruled out. The latter is especially true when the problems involve both continuous and categorical variables increasing even more the size of the search space. In this Ph.D thesis, effective parameterization tools are investigated, including techniques like partial least squares regression, to significantly reduce the number of design variables. Additionally, Bayesian optimization is adapted to handle discrete variables and high-dimensional spaces in order to reduce the number of evaluations when optimizing innovative aircraft concepts such as the “DRAGON” hybrid airplane to reduce their climate impact.
Some thoughts to open questions related to the article titled “JMM Profile: Trichosporon yeasts: from superficial pathogen to threat for haematological- neutropenic patients
Authors: Perera Manosha , Perera Irosha
Published: February 2024

Ubiquitous Trichosporon yeast is an environmental contaminant well established as one of the commonest aetiological agents of superficial mycoses. This fungus is globally at risk of causing health-care associated infections in immunosuppressive especially neutropenia as well as fungaemia patients with medical devices in the emergency care unit (ICU) [1]. Trichosporon with 12 species according to the latest classification is under continuous taxonomic revision, and a high intraspecific diversity has been described for clinical T. asahii and T. faecale isolates [1]. Hence, I would like to share my thoughts based on hands-on experiencing and long bench work hours spent especially dealing with Trichosporon cultures.
Who is afraid of the Cheerful Robot? Revisiting Mills Fairchild on Politics and Culture (1958)
Authors: Verger Nicolas , Glaveanu Vlad
Published: February 2024

Who is afraid of the Cheerful Robot? This question echoes through Dr. Mills Fairchild’s lecture, who invited his 1958 audience to reflect upon the danger and hubris of science as an engine for societal annihilation. In this commentary, we start by discussing the fears pointed to by Fairchild, going back and forth between the canvas of his time and the landscape of ours. Then, we highlight the societal status quo that Fairchild denounced in his lecture and the related challenges of environmental exploitation, rampant consumerism, and technological development that demonstrates rationality without reason. Finally, we open a discussion about the sociological solutions outlined by Fairchild, reflecting on his ideas in view of our numerous contemporary crises and the role played by creativity in creating and in solving these challenges. This commentary, much as the original talk, is an invitation to change our practices, to cultivate our reflexivity, and to move from “Creative Destruction” to “Creative Preservation”.
How to measure Interdisciplinary Research? A `systemic' design for the model of measurement
Authors: Cantone Giulio Giacomo
Published: February 2024

Interdisciplinarity is a polysemous concept with multiple, reasoned and intuitive, interpretations across scholars and policy-makers. Historically, quantifying the interdisciplinarity of research has been challenging due to the variety of methods used to identify metadata, taxonomies, and mathematical formulas. This has resulted in considerable uncertainty about the ability of quantitative models to provide clear insights for policy-making.This study proposes a systemic design, grounded in an advanced literature review, to demonstrate that the quantification of the interdisciplinarity of research can be treated as a process of decision-making in mathematical modelling, where alternatives choices are evaluated based on how closely their mathematical properties align with the theoretical objectives of the research design.The study addresses modeling choices regarding the stylisation of metadata into units of observation, and the operational definition of the conceptual dimensions of interdisciplinarity, presenting both established and novel methods and formulas. The final section discusses advanced topics in modelling the measurement, including a dedicated discussion on the difference in analysing the status of papers versus collective bodies of research; and distinguishing between reflective, formative, and inferential causal models of interdisciplinary research.
Impacts of global warming on hurricane-driven insurance losses in the United States
Authors: Comola Francesco , Märtl Bernhard , Paul Hilary , Bruns Christian , Sapelza Klaus
Published: February 2024

North Atlantic hurricanes are a major driver of property losses in the United States and a critical peril for the insurance industry on a global scale. Despite the growing scientific consensus around the potential impacts of global warming on North Atlantic hurricanes, the implications for the insurance industry are still largely unquantified. We address this question by drawing on 70 years of historical hurricane data, including wind-, precipitation-, and storm surge-driven losses to the US property insurance industry. We condition this historical dataset to generate stochastic event sets for the 2- and 4-degree warming scenarios in accordance with the 2021 IPCC projections. We find that global warming may increase insured losses by up to 25%, with greater impacts at lower return periods than in the tail. The 100-year loss scenario in the historical baseline may be exceeded on average every 80 years in a warmer climate. Furthermore, the average annual insurance loss may increase by 12% to 16%, with the largest relative increase attributable to precipitation-induced losses. These results provide us with a concrete base to assess the relevance of global warming in relation to other important insurance loss drivers, such as economic inflation, litigation, and exposure growth.
Make abandoned research publicly available
Authors: Lakens Daniel , Ensinck Eline Noëlle Fleur
Published: February 2024

A lot of well-designed and preregistered research that is conducted, is never published. The reasons for studies ending up in the file drawer are varied. Making this research public would help us all to do better science.
Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Big Data: Improvements to the Science of People at Work and Applications to Practice
Authors: Woo Sang Eun , Tay Louis , Oswald Frederick Louis
Published: February 2024

Currently in the organizational research community, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and big data techniques are being vigorously explored as a set of modern-day approaches contributing to a multidisciplinary science of people at work. This paper discusses more specifically how these sophisticated technologies, methods, and data might together advance the science of people at work through various routes, including improving theory and knowledge, construct measurement, and predicting real-world outcomes. Inspired by the four articles in the current special issue highlighting several of these aspects in essential ways, we also share other possibilities for future organizational research. In addition, we indicate many key practical, ethical, and institutional challenges with research involving AI/ML and big data (i.e., data accessibility, methodological skill gaps, data transparency, privacy, reproducibility, generalizability, and interpretability). Taken together, the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead in the areas of AI and ML promise to reshape organizational research and practice in many exciting and impactful ways.
(Mal)adaptive Mentalising in the Cognitive Hierarchy, and its link to paranoia
Authors: Alon Nitay , Schulz Lion , Bell Vaughan , Moutoussis Michael , Dayan Peter , Barnby Joseph M
Published: February 2024

Humans need to be on their toes when interacting with competitive others to avoid being duped. Too much caution out of context can, however, be detrimental and produce false beliefs of intended harm. Here, we offer a formal account of this phenomenon through the lens of Theory of Mind. We simulate agents of different depths of mentalization within a simple game theoretic paradigm and show how, if aligned well, deep recursive mentalization gives rise to both successful deception as well as reasonable skepticism. However, we also show that if a self is mentalising too deeply -hyper-mentalising - false beliefs arise that a partner is trying to trick them maliciously, resulting ina material loss to the self. This theory offers a potential cognitive mechanism for suspiciousness, paranoia, and conspiratorial ideation. Rather than a deficit in Theory of Mind, paranoia may arise from the application of overly strategic thinking to ingenuous behaviour.
Predictive Utility of the Multi-Process Action Control Framework for Self-Reported and Device-Measured Adolescent Physical Activity Behavior
Authors: Brown Denver M. Y. , Porter Carah , Huong Christopher , Groves Claire , Kwan Matthew
Published: February 2024

This cross-sectional study examined the predictive utility of the Multi-Process Action Control (M-PAC) framework for self-reported and device-measured physical activity behavior among a Hispanic-majority sample of adolescents. A total of 1849 high school students (Mean age = 16.0 ± 1.22 SD years; 52.3% female; 87.8% Hispanic) enrolled in one school district in South-central Texas completed a survey including instruments to assess M-PAC framework constructs and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) behavior. A subsample (n=435) wore accelerometers for seven days. Results from robust linear regression models revealed role identity and habit were significant predictors of self-reported MVPA. Role identity was a significant predictor of accelerometer-derived daily MVPA and raw acceleration in the most active hour, but not daily raw acceleration. Findings indicate reflexive processes are robust predictors of adolescent physical activity and should be the focus of interventions designed to promote adoption and maintenance of physical activity during this developmental life stage.
The promise and pitfalls of studying the neurophysiological correlates of automatic imitation
Authors: Darda Kohinoor Monish , Ramsey Richard
Published: February 2024

The automatic copying of other people – automatic imitation – is one of the most widely studied topics in psychology. In this chapter, we review current evidence for the neurophysiological correlates of automatic imitation. To do so, we focus on one heavily- used and influential paradigm that manipulates stimulus-response compatibility and is conducive to investigation using neuroscientific methods. We distinguish between two distinct mental processes that occur during imitation: action representation and action selection. Observed actions are perceived and represented and a particular action needs to be selected to be executed. Neuroscientific evidence concerning action representation appears relatively robust and engages a widespread and distributed network of visual and motor regions that span the ventral visual stream, as well as frontoparietal cortex. In contrast, the neurophysiological correlates of action selection during imitation are far from clear. The dominant view in the literature is that this particular task indexes processes relating to the control of automatic imitative tendencies, which rely on a self-other distinction mechanism that is uniquely tied to human social interaction and engages the theory-of-mind network. However, our analysis shows that this claim lacks essential evidence for four forms of validity (construct, internal, external and statistical-conclusion validities). Instead, given current evidence, the best estimate is that this task engages domain-general forms of control that are underpinned by the multiple-demand network. For claims to be supported regarding socially-specific forms of control when using this task, there is a burden of proof on researchers to show robust evidence for each of the four validities that we have outlined. Fortunately, with the emergence of the meta-science movement over the past 10 years, there are more resources than ever to help achieve this aim. More generally, even though we focus on one imitation task to provide a thorough test-case example, given the widespread and well-established lack of validity in psychology in general, we fully expect our analysis to be relevant across the full range of imitation tasks covered in this book, including imitation of speech, gestures and emotions.
How do autistic adults experience ageing? A qualitative interview study
Authors: Aitken Rebecca , Berry Katherine , Gowen Emma , Brown Laura
Published: February 2024

BackgroundDespite increasing numbers of people aging with autism, little is known about the ageing experiences and support needs of middle-aged and older autistic adults. This is important, especially as autistic people have higher rates of health conditions, decreased functional independence, and experience greater difficulties in accessing relevant support, in comparison to their non-autistic counterparts. The aim of this study was therefore to understand middle-aged and older autistic adults’ views and experiences of ageing well.MethodSeventeen autistic adults (10 women and seven men), aged from 46 to 72 years (mean age=56 years) were interviewed about their understanding of what it means to age well; their age-related needs; and how services could better support them to age well. The transcribed interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. ResultsThe findings revealed several ways that autism influenced people’s ability to age well. This included concerns about a perceived higher likelihood of age-related conditions such as dementia; age-related changes in the experiences of autistic characteristics; a lack of knowledge and understanding about autism and ageing; increased risks of social isolation and inadequate support system; and a lack of appropriate support services. ConclusionNovel recommendations for supporting autistic adults to age well were identified, including involving autistic people in the design of health and social care services, supporting ageing autistic adults with reablement; promoting their autonomy and individual strengths and introducing specialised advocate/coordinator roles or “one stop-shop hubs” that could help autistic people further their understanding of the interactions between ageing and autism.