bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Traffic Performance of Ahmed Urabi Square in Baghdad City
Authors: Al –Azawee Esraa Thamir
Published: June 2018

At present, smooth movement on the roads is a matter which is needed for each user. Many roads, especially in urban areas geometrically improved because of the number of vehicles increase from time to time.

In this research, Highway capacity software, HCS, 2000, will be adopted to determine the effectiveness of roundabout in terms of capacity of roundabout, delay and level of service of roundabout.

The results of the analysis indicated that the Ahmed Urabi roundabout operates under level of service F with an average control delay of 300 seconds per vehicle during the peak hours.

The through movements of Alkarrada- Aljadiriya direction (Major Direction) represent the heaviest traffic volumes in Ahmed Urabi intersection. The use of underpass to serve the through movements in Alkarrada-Aljadiriya direction will lead to release the traffic volume in the Ahmed Urabi intersection with a rate 51 % .After the adoption of the proposed geometric design, it will operate at LOS B in the design year (2037). The proposed circulatory roadway width for the roundabout is 16m and the required number of lanes equal to three lanes for each side of the underpass and four lanes for all the approaches of the roundabout.
Determination of Best Location for Elevated Tank in Branched Network
Authors: Alannz Layth Abdul-Aleem
Published: June 2018

The research focuses on determination of best location of high elevated tank using the required head of pump as a measure for this purpose. Five types of network were used to find the effect of the variation in the discharge and the node elevation on the best location. The most weakness point was determined for each network. Preliminary tank locations were chosen for test along the primary pipe with same interval distance. For each location, the water elevation in tank and pump head was calculated at each hour depending on the pump head that required to achieve the minimum pressure at the most weakness point. Then, the sum of pump heads through the day was determined. The results proved that there is a most economical location where the energy consumption is minimum. This location joined with the branched line that containing the most weakness point. The best location didn’t join with the highest demand location unless this location containing the most weakness point.  The results indicated that the moving of tank away from best location in pump direction result in pump head increasing that exceed the increasing in pump head when the tank moves in the opposite direction. The location of tank beside the pump station was the worst location. Also, the results showed that as the distance between the pump and the highest demand become shorter, the required pump head become less. The uniform demand distribution required the least amount of pump head, it required minimum head of (554)m while the networks, that have highest demand at distance 200m,400m, and 1000m from the pump station,  required minimum head of 651m, 682m, and 726m respectively.
Discourses Within and About Social Work
Authors: Levin Irene
Published: June 2018

Is it possible to gain a fuller understanding of social work by using the concept of discourse? In this article I examine social work as a discursive practice. My aim here is to discover whether this kind of discursive framing may add to our understanding of the discipline of social work. Discourse11, as I understand it, is a social phenomenon based upon a social and a cultural relationship serving as a foundation for making shared assessments (Magnusson 1998, Fook, 2002). As used here, discourse refers to a more extensive social phenomenon both formed and spread by language and which involves the contributions of many people through time (Magnusson, 1998:182). When this is related to a discipline such as social work, discourse also involves issues involving competency as linked to a position or status.
ADSORPTION OF HEAVY METALS AND RESIDUAL OIL FROM PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT USING NOVEL ADSORBENT OF ALGINATE AND MANGROVE COMPOSITE BEADS COATED BY CHITOSAN IN A PACKED BED COLUMN
Authors: Jawad Rana Jaafar , Shah Ismail Mohd Halim , Siajam Shamsul Izhar
Published: June 2018

In this study, a novel adsorbent was prepared, namely alginate and mangrove composite beads coated with chitosan (AMCBCC), and performed well to remove heavy metals and residual oil from palm oil mill effluent (POME) using continuous adsorption studies in a fixed bed column under different bed heights. Thomas and Yoonâ€“Nelson models were applied to predict the breakthrough curve and to compute the characteristic parameters such as maximum capacity and the time required for 50% of adsorbate breakthrough. It was found that the total removal percentage of iron ions, zinc ions, and residual oil were 26.75%, 76.74%, and 83% respectively at pH 3, and a bed height 27 cm. Both models can well describe the breakthrough curve of heavy metals and residual oil. These results indicated that AMCBCC can be used to remove heavy metals and residual oil from industrial wastewater. ABSTRAK: Kajian ini menyediakan tentang penjerap baharu iaitu alginat dan manik komposit bakau bersalut kitosan (AMCBCC), berfungsi menyingkirkan logam berat dan sisa minyak daripada efluen kilang minyak sawit (POME) dengan sempurna, menggunakan kajian penjerapan berterusan dalam lapisan lajur tetap pada ketinggian berbeza. Model Thomas dan Yoon-Nelson telah digunakan bagi meramal lengkungan terbaik dan mengira parameter cirian seperti keupayaan maksimum dan tempoh diperlukan bagi 50% lengkungan terbaik penjerap. Jumlah peratusan penyingkiran ion besi, ion zink, dan sisa minyak masing-masing sebanyak 26.75%, 76.74%, danÂ  83% pada pH 3, dan pada ketinggian lapisan 27 cm. Kedua-dua model mampu menggambarkan lengkungan terbaik bagi logam berat dan sisa minyak dengan sempurna. Dapatan ini menunjukkan AMCBCC sesuai digunakan bagi menyingkirkan logam berat dan sisa minyak daripada air sisa industri.
A REVIEW ON RHEOLOGY OF NON-NEWTONIAN PROPERTIES OF BLOOD
Authors: Fatahian Esmaeel , Kordani Naser , Fatahian Hossein
Published: June 2018

Human blood is composed of red cells, white blood cells, and platelets in a fluid called plasma that contains organic and mineral salts and protein. The rheological characteristics of blood are determined by the properties of these combinations and their interaction with each other. The plasma is essentially a Newtonian fluid, but the blood as a whole behaves as a non-Newtonian fluid showing all signs of non-Newtonian rheology including deformation rate dependency, viscoelasticity, yield stress, and thixotropy. The purpose of this study is mainly a review based on past work on blood rheology, determinants of blood viscosity, yield stress, thixotropy, blood viscosity measurement, and heat transfer in blood flow to better understand the non-Newtonian effect in the blood circulation system. ABSTRAK: Darah manusia terdiri daripada sel-sel merah, sel darah putih dan platlet dalam cecair yang dipanggil plasma, mengandungi garam organik dan mineral dan protein. Ciri-ciri sifat reologi darah ditentukan oleh sifat-sifat kombinasi ini dan interaksi antara satu sama lain. Plasma adalah pada dasarnya Newtonian cecair tetapi secara keseluruhannya darah bersifat sebagai bukan suatu cecair Newtonian yang menunjukkan tanda-tanda bukan Newtonian reologi, mengandungi pergantungan kadar ubah bentuk, kelikatkenyalan, tegasan alah dan thixotropi. Tujuan kajian ini adalah berkenaan ulasan kajian-kajian lepas berkaitan rheology darah, penentu viskositi darah, tegasan alah dan thixotropi, ukuran kelikatan darah dan pemindahan haba dalam aliran darah bagi memahami kesan bukan Newtonian dalam sistem peredaran darah.
STATIC NETWORK PERFORMANCE OPTIMISATION USING DUAL INTERLEAVE ROUTING ALGORITHM
Authors: Subramaniam Siva Kumar , Khan Shariq Mahmood , Nilavalan Rajagopal
Published: June 2018

In the recent years, there is an increasing demand on multi-hop wireless sensor networks (WSN) especially for remote condition and integrity monitoring of oil and gas pipelines. The sensing points are connected through WSN points, known as a wireless communication medium, between the remotely measured locations on a pipeline and a centralised monitoring station, located some distance away. Generally, WSN deployment on a multi-hop linear topology has critical factors that contribute towards overall degrading of network performance proportional to the number of nodes. This is especially true in highly dense networks. In general, such a drawback contributes towards poor network reliability, low network capacity, high latency, and inequality with snowballing effect, increasing in the direction of the destination node. This paper introduces the Dual Interleaving Linear Static Routing (DI-LSR) for a multi-hop linear network with high reliability and efficiency to significantly enhance the overall network performance of a pipeline network. The DI-LSR was tested and analysed according to IEEE 802.11 standard in a various simulation environment for future real-time deployment in a pipeline network. ABSTRAK: Sejak beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini, terdapat permintaan yang drastik pada rangkaian multi-hop sensor wayarles (WSN) terutamanya bagi pemantauan jarak jauh dan integriti saluran paip minyak dan gas. Kesemua unit pengesan antara lokasi disambung melalui satu saluran WSN yang dikenali sebagai medium komunikasi wayarles dan diukur ke stesen pemantauan berpusat. Penempatan WSN pada topologi linear multi-hop mempunyai faktor-faktor penyumbang kepada penurunan prestasi keseluruhan rangkaian yang berkadar dengan jumlah bilangan nod dalam rangkaian yang padat. Secara umum, kelemahan ini adalah penyumbang kepada kebolehpercayaan rangkaian, kapasiti rangkaian rendah, respon rangkaian tinggi dan faktor pendorong kesan ketidaksamaan terhadap nod destinasi. Kajian ini memperkenalkan Dual interleaving Linear Static Routing (DI-LSR) iaitu algoritma jalinan komunikasi cekap bagi mencapai peningkatan ketara keseluruhan prestasi dalam saluran paip rangkaian. DI-LSR telah diuji dan dianalisa dalam pelbagai persekitaran simulasi mengikut piawaian IEEE 802.11 bagi mengatur kedudukan pada masa depan saluran paip rangkaian.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL STATE OF ENDOTHELIUM AT PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AND CHRONIC GLOMERULONEFRITIS
Authors: Topchii I. I. , Kirienko O. M. , Tsygankov A. I. , Bondar T. M. , Schenyavskaya O. M.
Published: June 2018

All over the world the increase in quantity of patients with vascular complications of chronic inflammatory diseases of kidneys is marked. The interrelation of morphological and biochemical markers of atherosclerotic lesions were studied in 41 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) (group 1) and 62 - with CAD and chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) (group 2). An extracranial carotid artery (CA) status was investigated by duplex ultrasonography. VE-cadherin content determined by ELISA. States of the antioxidant system was evaluated by the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and sulfhydryl groups (SH-groups) in the blood plasma by the photometric method. The levels of nitric oxide stable metabolites – NO2 and total (NO2+NO3) in plasma was determined by the photometric method. There was found that the frequency of CA plaques detection in groups 1 and 2 did not differ (27,6% and 31,0%, respectively), but patients of group 2 were reliably younger. Pronounced VE-cadherin increase (3,6-fold, p <0,01) at the background of the deterioration of renal function (2,24 -fold GFR decrease, and urinary protein excretion reaches (0,200,98) g / day) was observed in group 2. The content of NO2 in group 2 was significantly lower than in controls, and total (NO2+NO3) was increased as compared with control (2,40-fold, P <0,01), and with patients of group 1 (in 1,86-fold, p <0.05). Increase of MDA level in patients of group 2 (2,61-fold, P<0,01) accompanied by reduction of SH groups content – by 25,2% (P <0.05) compared with control. Thus, in patients with combined pathology revealed the most pronounced disorders of endothelial integrity and function, which was worsening by imbalance in the pro-antioxidant system. Accelerated atherosclerotic vascular changes in these patients are probably related to the chronic inflammatory process.
OXIDATIVE STRESS IN THE PATIENTS WITH CKD V STAGE AND ANEMIA WHO RECEIVE REPLACEMENT HEMODIALYSIS THARAPY
Authors: Krutikov E. S. , Polishchuk T. F. , Polskaya L. V. , Shakhnazarov A. A.
Published: June 2018

The article presents research data of oxidative stress role in the pathogenesis of anemia in patients with CKD V stage, who receive hemodialysis replacement therapy.

Background. Oxidative stress is a part of the pathogenesis of many complications in patients with CKD stage V on replacement therapy with hemodialysis. Anemia syndrome is the most frequent complication of this patient`s population.

Aim. The aim of this study was to study indicators of oxidative stress in patients with            CKD stage V and anemia on replacement therapy with hemodialysis.

Materials and methods. We studied laboratory parameters in 42 hemodialysis patients with CKD V stage. Biochemical methods are used for investigation of lipid peroxidation processes: studied diene conjugates (DC), malondialdehyde (MDA), total lipids and catalase, lipid’s structure of erythrocytes membranes and their osmotic resistance.

Results. We found that in dialysis patients anemic syndrome was associated with high activity of oxidative stress. Also increased destruction of red blood cells depends from high activity of oxidative stress. In the blood of the patients concentration of DC was 1,12±0,26 opt.den.units/ mg of lipids (p<0,01), and MDA level 0,35±0,05 opt.den.units/ mg of lipids (p<0,01). Levels of catalase, decreased to 0,029±0,0019 mm/l*sec (p<0,001). Also osmotic resistance of erythrocytes significantly decreased. MDA has inverse correlation relationship with hemoglobin in the blood, with a correlation coefficient r=-0,36. Investigation of erythrocyte membrane lipid structure of patients by TLC showed a significant decrease of phospholipids and monoglycerides of higher fatty acids, and the increase of cholesterol fractions.

Conclusions. In patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis replacement therapy anemic syndrome is associated with high activity of oxidative stress, as there is an inverse relationship between the level of hemoglobin and the content of MDA in blood. As a consequence of oxidative stress changes the lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes of the patient, because some fraction of lipids are substrates for oxidative processes. Impairment of lipid membranes of red blood cells of hemodialysis patients is one of the probably causes of anemia.
LEVELS ANTIINFAMMATORY CYTOKINES (ІL-4, ІL-10) IN MAINTENCE HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS DEPENDING ON EXPRESSED ANAEMIA AND CHARACTER DEFEAT OF KIDNEY
Authors: Dudar І. , Savchuk V. , Gonchar I. , Driyanska V. , Krasjuk E. , Khil M.
Published: June 2018

Aims: The purpose of the present study was to compare the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with chronic kidney disease, prolonged sessions of hemodialysis, depending on the severity of anemia.

Materials and methods: We investigated 155 patients with chronic kidney disease, prolonged sessions of hemodialysis and anemia (mean age 46.4±12.4). Patients were divided into 4 groups depending on expressed of anemia: in the I-st (n=22) group – patients with the level of hemoglobin over 110g/l, in the II (n=66) group hemoglobin 90 - 110g/l, in the III (n=44) group hemoglobin 70-89 g/l, in the IV (n=22) group hemoglobin <70 g/l.

Results: We have defined that level of IL-4 was clinically significantly lower (p <0.001) in patients, who have getting hemodialysis by comparison to control group. Levels of IL-4 had a significant differences between all of group of patients and controls (p <0.05). IL-10 had a positive correlation with the level of Hb (r=0.2405; p=0.003). ІL-4 had a negative correlation with the level of Hb (r=-0.4842; p <0.001).

The average level of IL-4 was significantly increased in diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic patients 92±17.7 vs 48.3±28.1 (p <0.05).

Conclusions: All of studied patients have had an increased level of anti- inflammatory cytokines. Serum IL-4 was higher in patients with diabetes. The levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) have had a significant correlation with the severity of anemia.
ASSOTIATIONS OF PECULIARITIES OF HLA-PHENOTYPE AND THE SENSIBILITY TO THE CORTICOSTEROID TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS WITH NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
Authors: Kolesnyk M. , Drannik G. , Driyanska V. , Petrina O. , Velychko M.
Published: June 2018

The purpose of study was determination of HLA -antigens I and II classes as predictors of ineffectiveness of initial steroid therapy, and according prognozonegative markers of chronic glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome.

Methods. In 59 chronic glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome patients (steroid sensitive n=33 (1 gr.) and steroid resistant’s n= 26 (2 gr.)) and 350 healthy donors( control group) studied HLA antigens I and II classes of the special anti- HLA-antigens panel (20 antigens of locus A, 31 – of locus B and 9- of locus DR).

Result. In patients with chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome with hormone sensitivity relative risk is high at the presents of A28 (RR=8,5, r р <0,001), it made attributive risk (=0,37). In comparison with a control group, RR>2 for antigens  A11  (RR=2,23), A23 (RR=4,28),  A24 (RR=3,3),  A29 (RR=10,78) that A30 (RR=11,23); attributive risk more than 0,1 for the antigen A11 (=0,16) ; A24

(=0,13), other did not differ from control. Subzero connection is exposed for the antigens of A2 (р<0,001), А9 (р=0,007). In locus antigen B14 (RR=5,65, р =0,001) are exposed, B44 (RR=48,25, р =0,004), B51(RR=12,32, р =0,006) and attributive risk of development of disease (according =0,24, 0,12 ; 0,14); and antigens B38 and B41 (RR=11,57, р=0,05). The steroid sensitivity was associated with the antigens B5 (p=0,033), B12 (p=0,005) and B35 (p=0,021). In locus DR made etiologic faction antigens DR4 (RR=7,0 and =0,24) DRw52 (RR=7,0 and =0,25).

Conclusions. For patients with chronic glomerulonephritis with a nephrotic syndrome antigens of HLA-B14,B38, B51, DRw52 are associated with steroid sensitivity. The attributive risk of steroid resistance is high for split A19+31+32, antigens B8, B55.
EFFECTS OF IMMUNOCORRECTION ON THE STATE OF CYTOKINES AND SLPI IN PATIENTS WITH PYELONEPHRITIS
Authors: Kolesnyк M. , Driyanska V. , Drannik G. , Gaysenyuk F. , Rudenko M. , Stepanova N. , Lavrenchuk O. , Savchenko V.
Published: June 2018

The pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines, SLPI participate in antiinfective immunity, that is why it is necessary study their peculiarities in determination of the role in the immunopathogenesis of pyelonephritis and efficiency of treatment.
ANTIOXIDANTS IN TREATMENT OF CHRONIC RENAL ALLOGRAFT DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Zograbian R.O.
Published: June 2018

Treatment of chronic renal allograft dysfunction (CRAD) presents a serious challenge for modern transplantology, therefore clarifying the mechanisms of development and improving treatment modalities of this complication is of great importance.
AUTOSOMAL – DOMINANT POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE – A GLEAM OF HOPE?
Authors: Doretskyi V.V. , Doretskyi Y.V.
Published: June 2018

The review contains information about modern conception ofautosomal–dominant polycystic kidney disease, its genetics, epidemiology, pathogenesis, course, clinical presentation and the results of recent clinical studies
RELATIONSHIP OF LIPID PEROXIDATION PROCESSES AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATION WITH ATHEROSCLEROTIC VASCULAR CHANGES AND INDICATORS ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CKD STAGES II-IV
Authors: Loboda O.M. , Krasyuk І.V. , Alexeeva V.V. , Korol L.V. , Druanska V.Y. , Dudar I.O.
Published: June 2018

The aim of our study was to determine the relationship of processes of atherogenesis and indicators of endothelial dysfunction with the processes of activation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and chronic inflammation in patients with CKD stages II-IV.

Material and methods. Levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, indicators of lipid peroxidation, the thickness of the intima-media (IMT) of the carotid artery, ankle-brachial index (ABI) were measured in 90 patients with CKD stage II-IV (30 - CKD st. II, 31 patients with CKD st. III and 29 st. IV CKD patients) and 30 healthy subjects (control group). The correlation analysis was performed to identify the possible association between the obtained parameters of atherosclerotic vascular lesions and endothelial dysfunction and indices of lipid peroxidation and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Results. The average levels of interferon-y, interleukin (IL) -1p and IL-10 in patients with CKD II-IV Art. were significantly increased compared with the corresponding values in the control group. The average levels of malondialde- hyde (MDA) of serum and MDA of erythrocyte in CKD patients was significantly increased compared with the corresponding values in the control group, and the antioxidant system indices - total peroxidase activity of erythrocytes and serum levels of the sulfhydrylgroups was significantly reduced relative to the corresponding values in the group control. 39 (43%) patients with CKD st. II-IV were recorded carotid atherosclerotic changes. The IMT (from 0.91 to 1.29 mm) defined in 22 (56%) patients and atherosclerotic plaques (IMT > 1,3 mm) defined in 17 (44%) patients. Bilateral carotid atherosclerotic lesions was observed in 14 (36%) patients with CKD st. II-IV. Endothelial dysfunction was observed in 71 (79%) patients with CKD st. II-IV. There was a statistically significant association between indicators of chronic inflammation, lipid peroxidation and indicators of atherosclerotic vascular lesions and endothelial dysfunction.

Conclusion. Pathological processes ofLPO activation, chronic inflammation are closely linked between themselves and progression of atherosclerotic vascular lesions in CKD.
THE ETIOLOGICAL SPECTRUM AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERN OF BACTERIA CAUSING UNCOMPLICATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS: A TEN-YEAR SURVEILLANCE STUDY (2005-2015)
Authors: Kolesnyk M. , Stepanova N. , Kruglikov V. , Rudenko A.
Published: June 2018

Background and objective. Knowledge of local antimicrobial resistance pattern is very important for evidence-based empirical antibiotic prescribing. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and the antimicrobial resistance pattern of the main bacteria responsible for uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) in Kyiv region (Ukraine), throughout a ten year period, in order to establish an appropriate empirical therapy.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the etiological spectrum and antimicrobial resistance of uropathogens in urine samples isolated over the 10-year period, 2005 to 2015, in a single center was performed.

Results. In total 380positive urine samples processed at our laboratory of which 193/380 (51 %) had E. coli as the infecting organism. Although E. coli was, as usual, the most common pathogen implicated in UTI, it were observed increasing the share of Enterococcus spp. - 82/380 (21.6%). Ampicillin and trimethoprim were the least-active agents against E. coli with resistance rates of 75% and 70%, respectively. Significant trends of increasing resistance over the 10-year period were identified for trimethoprim, fluoroquinolones ІІ and III generations, penicillins, and carbapenems. Nitrofuran derivative remains a reasonable empirical antibiotic choice in this community with a 10-year resistance rate of 8.3 %. Was

determined that recurrent UTI is an independent risk factor for bacterial multidrug-resistance.

Conclusions. Over the last 10 years, the proportions of fluoroquinolones resistant E. coli and multidrug-resistant bacteria have significantly increased. The fluoroquinolones shall not be used in the empirical treatment of uncomplicated

UTI in Kyiv region patients. For the empirical treatment of uncomplicated UTI in women should be used nitrofuran derivative (furazydyn K). If required of parenteral administration of antibiotics should be used cephalosporins IVgeneration. This data will enable evidence-based empirical prescribing which will ensure more effective treatment and lessen the emergence of resistant uropathogens in the community.
EFFECT OF COMBINATION THERAPY WITHFOSINOPRIL AND MELDONIUM ON THE INDICES OF 48-HOUR MONITORING OF BLOOD PRESSURE AND MYOCARDIUM GEOMETRY IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Salyzhyn T.I.
Published: June 2018

Despite medical advances, cardiovascular complications continue to dominate in patients treated with hemodialysis. Therefore, the search for new methods of diagnosis and treatment is advisable.

The objective of our research was to study the effectiveness of combination therapy with Fosinopril and Meldonium in patients with stage У chronic kidney disease (CKD) with the signs of chronic heart failure.

Materials and methods of the research: 60 patients with stage У CKD were examined and treated. They were on out-patient treatment with program hemodialysis at the Department of extracorporal methods ofdetoxification and chronic dialysis.

Results. Significant decrease in left ventricular mass (LVM) by 17.20% (p<0.001) and LVM index by 13.40% (p<0.001) was detected in patients treated with combination of Fosinopril and Meldonium Dehydrate in addition to background therapy. Regression of both concentric and eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy equally occurred under the influence of combination therapy constituting 53.6% vs. 40.2% and 33.4% vs. 26.6%, respectively. The variability of systolic blood pressure (SBP) was found to decrease significantly by 36.02% (p<0.001). The survival analysis provided an opportunity to determine a reliable difference between the group treated with background therapy and the addition ofa combination of two drugs.

Conclusions. The addition of Fosinopril and Mel- donium to the background dialysis therapy significantly improved the structural and geometric cardiac indices, positively affected the variability of SBP, increased the prognosis of cumulative survival compared to the background therapy.
PYLONEPHRITIS IN GIRLS: FEATURES AT THE MODERN STAGE
Authors: Vakulenko L. I.
Published: June 2018

Girls performed the vast majority of patients with urinary system infections. The prevalence of acute disease and specific gravity of chronic kidney impartments have been increasing with the age and were often accompanied with concomitant urological, gynecological and sexual pathologies.

The purpose of the work was to determine the etiological and clinical preconditions of relapse and chronic pyelonephritis in girls.

Materials and methods. An analysis of the clinical course of187 cases ofpyelonephritis in girls of the age of1 - 18 years had been performing in period from 2008 to 2018 years. The 60 patients in observed group had acute process and 127 ones were with the chronic course of the disease.

Rresults. E. coli was the main etiological factor of the inflammatory process in kidneys. Thus, cases of acute and chronic pyelonephritis composed 63,5% and 44,2% in observed group appropriately. Furthermore, the proportion of grampositive flora increased in the cases of chronic pyelonephritis. In addition, almost 56,7% ofall girls with pyelonephritis had sexually transmitted infections, more likely the patients with chronic forms of the disease (69,3% and 30,0%, respectively (p <0,01). There was domination of the Chlamydia infection in the structure of these pathogens. The research revealed Chlamydia pathogen in the majority of cases — in 29,2% of the examined for urogenital infections girls with pyelonephritis. The presence of mycoplasma infection - 22.1%, trichomonas - 11.5%, candidiasis - 19.5% was less common. 24.8% of girls had clinical signs of vulvitis without identifying the etiological factor

Conclusions. E. coli prevails among the etiological factors of pyelonephritis in girls. Most of the girls with pyelonephritis with the recurrent and chronic course have urogenital infections. Moreover, association of bacterial microflora and sexually transmitted infections complicates the course of chronic pyelonephritis in girls; promotes the development and maintenance of urodynamic disorders, frequent relapses and progression of chronic inflammatory process in kidneys. In conclusion, urogenital infection examination should be mandatory for the girls with pyelonephritis.
THE CONTENTS OF SCD40 AND INDICATORS OF DAMAGED ENDOTHELIUM IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors: Topchii I. I. , Kirienko А. N. , Dunaevskaya M. M. , Schenyavskaya Е. N. , Birukova I. T.
Published: June 2018

Introduction. Impairments of endothelial structure and functions of renal vessels are regarded as important factors of progression and chronization of chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is well known that the CD40/CD40L interaction is responsible for the aggregation of blood cells and their adhesion to the vascular wall, as well as its effect on the state of immune response. We investigated whether this interaction could be altered in patients with CKD and impaired immune status.

Materials and methods. We examined 48 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN), 38 patients with chronic pyelonephritis and 42 patients with essential hypertension (EH) - control group. All patients received standard therapy with an ACE inhibitor perindopril in combination with a calcium channel

 antagonist amlodipine. Along with standard therapy the patients intravenously administered injections of "Kardioarginine." The degree of endothelial damage was assessed by the number of CEC and VE-cadherin content in blood plasma. In order to estimate changes in the immune status we determined the content of sCD40 in serum.

Results. Increase in the content of serum sCD40 was shown for the CGN patients compared with healthy subjects and EH patients. The level of sCD40 in serum correlated with the number of CEC and VE-cadherin content in plasma. The use of kardioarginine combined with standard therapy led to reduction of sCD40 and stabilized the structure of endothelium. The loss of endothelial integrity in patients with CKD is apparently due to the activation of apoptosis with subsequent accelerated desquamation under the influence of activated white blood cells and the system of cytokines.

Conclusions. The increase of sCD40 in patients with CKD may be a compensatory mechanism aimed to reduce the inflammatory activity by blocking the CD40/CD40L interaction at the cellular level.
HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Loboda O. M. , Dudar I. O. , Gonchar Y. I.
Published: June 2018

There are a small number of works that have studied heart rhythm variability parameters in patients treated with hemodialysis.

Aim. To investigate the peculiarities of heart rhythm variability parameters in patients treated with hemodialysis.

Methods. The observational controlled study included 55 patients treated with hemodialysis, aged 24 to 75 years, including 29 men and 26 women. The control group consisted of 20 healthy individuals of comparable age and sex. Heart rhythm variability parameters were investigated in all patients.

Results. In the study of heart rhythm variability in patients treated with hemodialysis comparatively with the control group time parameters and most of frequency indexes were decreased.

Conclusions. Our study found the diminishment of the total power of neurohumoral regulation in patients treated hemodialysis, as evidenced by the low values SDNN, rNN50, CV.
THE CORRELATION OF MARKERS OF ENDOGENIC INTOXICATION AND IMMUNITY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITIS AND EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT SCHEMES OF TREATMENT
Authors: Mylnikova T. , Martynuk L. , Symko G. , Yakubyshyna I.
Published: June 2018

The purpose of study was to analize the correlation between the rate of syndrom of endogenic intoxication (EI) and the markers of immunity in patients with chronic pyelonephritis (PN). To research the effectiveness of different schemes of treatment chronic pyelonephritis.

Methods. Researched were the syndrom of EI and the some markers of immunity in 135 patients with chronic PN. The correlation analysis was performed. For estimate of effectiveness of different schemes of treatment the patients were divided into 4 groups.

Results. A growing of deficit of T-cells immunity markers such as CD3+, CD4+ та CD8+ was found and the rising of rate Ig А, G and the circulated immune complexes with increasing of EI. The research showed the rising of spontaneous production TNF- ά and decrease of rate IL-10 with deepening of intoxication.

Conclusions. Decreasing of cell-mediated and increasing of humoral immunity markers in patients with exacerbation of chronic PN were found. It was found that there was faster regress of clinical symptomatic in patients that got prescriptions treatment including Kanephron and Chophytol.
URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Lebid L.
Published: June 2018

the review contains information about modern conception of the urinary tract infections in pregnant women, the scheme of treatment and prevention of relapse in view of topical diagnosis and category of the teratogenicity of drugs on the criteria of FDA
MICROBIOCENOSIS IN CHILDREN WHITH CHRONIC RECURRENT PYELONEPHRITIS.
Authors: Lavrenchuk О.
Published: June 2018

Introduction — the leading mechanism of the kidney infections is the lymphogenous pathogen migration associated with translocation from the mesenteric lymph nodes and blood stream. Reduction in the number of bifidobacteria in the bifidobacteria\enterobacteria balance is an adverse prognostic factor of probably bacteria persistence in the urinary system.

The aim of our study was to compare the urine microflora with the microbiocenosis of the intestinal mucous membrane as well as of the nose and throat mucosa in children with recurrent pyelonephritis (PN).

Material and methods. Qualitative and quantitative investigation of the microbiological spectrum was per- fomed. In patients with the revealed e. coli the intestinal biocenosis was compared with the biocenosis of the nose and throat mucousa. The repeteated examination of the urine and feces was conducted in 12patients after the probiotic treatment.

Results. The predominance of E. coli and conditionally pathogenic microorganismus in the urine tests for patients with chronic PN in active stage as well as in remission coincided with the indicators of the intestine biocenosis. Consistently high inoculation of S. aureus in the nasopharynx of children with acute and chronic PN correlated with the presence of this agent in the urine and feces. Prolonged use of probiotics led to decrease ofenterokoccus and eliminated pathogenic enteroflora, as well as to PN remission with lack of intercurrent respiratory infection in the

dynamics of observation.

Conclusion.Comparison of urine microflora with nasopharigeal mucosa as well as with intestinal mucosa microflora in patients with recurrent chronic PN gives the opportunity to predict the clinical bechaviour and to correct individually the treatment using probiotics whith antirecurrent purpose.
SPECTRUM OF MICROFLORA IN URINE OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RECURRENT PYELONEPHRITIS (THE TEN YEARS FOLLOWING-UP)
Authors: Rudenko A. , Kruglikov V. , Stepanova N. , Lebid L. , Kolesnyk M.
Published: June 2018

The aim of this work was to compare the specific spectrum of bacterial pathogens which stipulate chronic recurrent pyelonephritis during the longitudinal following-up.

Materials and methods. There were performed the complex microbiologic investigations of urine, scrapes from cervical canal and vaginal smears from 386 women with chronic pyelonephritis.

Results. The analysis of the spectrum of microflora separated out of the patients’ urine during 10 years showed the considerable growth of the specific weight of Enterococcus spp. (up to 18,6 %). In the process of chronic pyelonephritis recurrence in 64,3 % patients showed the changes in the specific spectrum ofpathogens with the prevalence of E.faecalis and S.epidermidis (14,3 % each). At the same time, there was stated the presence of opportunistic microflora in vaginal smears (40,1 %) and scrapes from cervical canal (30,8 %) of the examined women. The mechanism of bacteria persistence in urogenital tracts in women with chronic recurrent pyelonephritis was also under study.

Conclusion. There has been confirmed the importance of the comprehensive study of the spectrum and specificity of pathogens which can stipulate the aggravation of chronic pyelonephritis and mechanisms of its course.
EFFICACY OF SODIUM NUCLEINATE INCOMPLEX TREATMENT OFPATIENTS WITH RECURRENT PYELONEPHRITIS
Authors: Stepanova N. , Driyanska V. , Kruglikov V. , Lebid L. , Kornilina O. , Romanenko O. , Kolesnyk M.
Published: June 2018

The aim of our study was to determine the effectiveness of Sodium nucleinate in treatment of patients with recurrent pyelonephritis.

Material and methods. This clinical study is a prospective, open, controlled, randomized clinical study. Two types of therapies were evaluated in parallel groups. 98patients with recurrent pyelonephritis were examined in the dynamics of treatment. We investigated the state of the genitourinary system microbiota, mucosal immunity performance of the urogenital tract and contents of blood cytokines. After the examination the patients were divided by the applied therapeutic approach. The first group of the women (n=55) received antibiotic therapy and Sodium nucleinate 0.25 g 4 times per day for 2 weeks. The second group of the women (n=43) received only antibiotics.

Results. The frequency of eradication of U. urealyticum (including in association with M. hominis) was significantly higher in patients of the first group. We have identified a significantly higher phagocytic activity and a phagocytosis intensity of neutrophils in samples from the vagina in women of the first group (46 [28-49] vs 17 [13-27.5] p = 0.002 and 3.19 [2.34-4.9] against 2.8 [1.23-3.6] p=0.02, respectively).The study of mucosal immunity has demonstrated a significant decrease the content of lactoferrin and increasing sIg A in the urine of patients of group (6.85 [0.2-80] vs 0 [0-0.4] ng/ml, p=0.01 and 0.42 [0-0,7] vs. 3.2 [0-3,7]g/ml, p=0.04, respectively).In addition, the use of Sodium nucleinate promoted to a significant reduction of high levels of all investigated cytokines: IL-4 (p=0.003), IL-17 (p=0.005), NGAL (p=0.02), TNF-$ (p=0.02) and MCP-1 (p=0.03). In the control group was achieved just the reduction in levels of IL-4 (p=0.007) and IL-17 (p=0.04).

Conclusions. Thus, the application of the proposed therapies can improve the effectiveness of the treatment of patients with recurrent pyelonephritis by normalization of mucosal immunity of the genitourinary system and the cytokine profile. We believe that the traditional antibiotic therapy ofpatients with recurrent pyelonephritis advisable to supplement of Sodium nucleinate at a dose of 0.25g 4 times / day for 2 weeks.
ALPHA–LIPOIC ACID ANTIOXIDANT EFFICIENCY IN TREATMENT OF PERITONEAL DIALYSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Korol L. , Stepanova N. , Ablogina O. , Migal L.
Published: June 2018

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the antioxidant alpha–lipoic acid in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients taking into account the state of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant protection (AOP) before and after treatment.

Patients and methods. The research revealed the intensity of oxidative processes in 20 patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) on the basis of а–lipoic acid applied parenterally in a dose of 600 mg for 2–weeks followed by a transfer to the 6 weeks of oral reception.

The intensity of oxidative processes was evaluated before and after treatment through determining the content of MDA in serum (MDAs) and erythrocytes (MDAe). AOP activity was evaluated by the content of the antioxidant enzyme ceruloplasmin (CP), transferrin (Tr), SH–groups and total peroxidase activity (TPA) of red blood cells. The control group consisted of30 individuals comparable on for age and sex.

Results. The effects on the study of PD patients (positive decrease of MDAs, increase in CP higher than control group, a significant increase in the content of SH–groups (p=0,04), TPA (p=0,009), Tr (p=0,002) and catalase serum) demonstrated a considerable positive dynamics of LPO /AOP influenced by the use of а–lipoic acid.

Conclusions. The research opens up the prospect for further study ofLPO /AOP blood in PD patients and proves the

application expediency of alpha–lipoic acid for this group. Use of the latter lowers the activity of oxidative processes significantly and restores AOP indicators substantially, which in turn minimizes the negative influence of oxidative stress on a patient’s body.
HEPATITIS IN PATIENTS TREATED BYHEMODIALYSIS
Authors: Palamar B.
Published: June 2018

During the last decades, according the international registers (in 2011–2013) there is a steady increase of amount of patients with terminal kidney insufficiency. For the aim of continuation a life to such patients we apply the methods of renal replacement therapy, one of each is hemodialysis.

The risk of infecting ofparenterally hepatitis viruses grows in connection with the features ofprocedure of hemodialysis, first of all hepatitis B and С. Persisting in an organism, these viruses can become reason of development of chronic disease of liver, with development of cirrhosis or \and hepatocellular carcinoma.

World experience shows that frequency infecting hepatitis In (HBV) and С (HCV) in terms by treatment of hemodialysis (HD), high and depends, first of all, from intensity of epidemic process in a region, and also from the level of socio–economic development of country.

In this work we analysed prevalence of infecting hepatitis B and С in the different countries of the world, and also outlined basic recommendations in relation on timely diagnostics and warning of infection of hepatitis of patients who treated by hemodialysis.
OXIDATIVE STRESS AND RESISTANCE OF ERYTHROCYTES MEMBRANES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE STAGE VD DEPENDING ON MODALITY OF RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY
Authors: Korol L. , Mygal L. , Burdeyna O. , Kolesnyk M.
Published: June 2018

The aim of the research was to study the effect ofoxidative factors impact and modality of renal replacement therapy (BBT) on indices ofoxidative stress (OS) and resistance of erythrocytes membranes in patients with chronic kidney disease stage V(CKD VD) and anemie.

Material and methods. The study involved 68 patients with CKD VD: 14 patients were treated by hemodiafiltration (HDF), 25 patients by hemodialysis (HD) and 29 patients by peritoneal dialysis (PD). The severity ofanemia was assessed according to the KDIGO (2012) criteria. The control group consisted of 30 healthy people of the same age and sex. Along with the standard diagnostic methods, we defined the content of malonic dialdehyde in serum (MDAs) and in erythrocytes (MDAe), the content of ceruloplasmin (CPs), transferrin (TBs) and SH-groups in the blood serum, the index of the OS (IOS), catalase activity in serum (CATs), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDHe) and total peroxidase activity (TPA) in erythrocyte, peroxide resistance (PR) of red blood cells and erythrocyte membrane permeability (EMP). Statistical analysis was performed using the programs of Microsoft Excel 7.0.

Results. It has been stated that in the CKD VD patients in compatison with control group the MDAs content increased by 3.3 times and MDAe - 1.2 times, TBs content reduced by 34%, SH-groups - by 31%, TPAe - by 41% and G- 6-FDGe - by 58%, PB-by 60%; 4.6 times increased CATs activity and OSI; 2 times grew peroxide hemolysis (PH) and 1.3 times - EMP. The analysis (depending on the BBT modality) showed that the patients treated by HDF had typical MDAs increase by 3.9 times on a background of CPs by 24%, TBs - 33%, SH-groups - 25%, TPAe - 51%, G-6-PDHe - 42%; the increase in serum OSI - 5.4 times and 2.6 times in erythrocytes, PB - by 3.6 times and CATs activity by 3.5 times; HD group was characterized by the highest value of MDAe, OSI, PH and CATs, along with more expressed decrease of TBs indices, SH-groups, TPA and G-6-FDHe activity compared with rates in patients with HDF. The patients treated with PD had the lowest content of MDAs and the highest values on the background ofTPAe, the significant increase of CPs by 1.7 times and lowest TBs and G-6-PDHe. The patients with PD showed twice lower OS activity by OSI.

Conclusion. Thus, in patients with CKD VD, who had HD, HDF or PD an anemie was associated with high OS activity and the increased degree of hemolysis. These changes are stipulated by BBT methods: for patients receiving HDF were typical the lowest rates of hemolysis and the highest degree ofprotection for erythrocytes, and for patients treated with HD - the highest OS.
ASSOCIATION OF HLA AND CYTOKINES OF BLOOD WITH ANTIINFLAMMATORY EFFECTS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Authors: Kolesnyk M. , Driyanska V. , Drannik G. , Petrina O. , Velychko M. , Nepomnyaschiy V.
Published: June 2018

Cytokines and HLA take important part in immunogenesis of many diseases, therefore the analysis of these indices and this associations in dependence of glomerulonephritis (GN) can define their value as the additional prognostic markers.

Aim of the work is to determine the of associations the high serum levels of cytokines (IL-4, IL-17) and peculiarities of some HLA in phenotype to substantiate of chronic glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome (CGN, NS) immunogen- esis and to ascertain the additional prognostic markers.

Materials and methods. There was studied the HLA-antigens distribution in the 264 adult patients CGN, NS (the diagnosis was confirmed morphologically using the thin needle nephrobiopsy) and 350 healthy donors by typing the lymphocytes with the aid of standard microlymphocytotoxic test (Terasaki’s test). HLA antigens were defined using a standard microlymphocytotoxic test on the Terasaki's planchette with special panels ofanti-HLA serums (20 antigens of locus A, 31 - B and 9 - DR). The etiologic fraction (attributive risks ) was counted using the formula: ct = x - y/I - y, where x - frequency of antigen in patients and y - frequency in healthy. The ct reading was considered significant when it exceeded 0,1. Using ELISA, the level of the cytokines was studied in the blood serum - IL-4 in 76 and IL-17 – 79 patients.

Results. HLA-A23, -24, -28, -B8, -38, -41, -44, DR1, -4, -w52 in adults patients have associations (RR>2) CGN, NS; the attributive risk (AR) (0,1) to develop GN detected in patients have A24, A28, B8, DR 1, 4, w52.

The CGN, NS patients has statistically higher serum level of the IL-4 and IL-17, with more high indices of this cytokines in patients with attributive risk antigens HLA-A24 and A-28. The highest levels of IL-17 detected also in adults case have B14 and B38, which associated with steroid sensitive NS. HLA-B8, which associated with steroid resistant NS, have more patients with CGN, NS with lower serum level of antiinflammatory IL-4.

Conclusion. The patients with CGN, NS have associations of HLA and serum levels of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-17, which play role of additional prognostic predictors.