bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Charles Secrétan (1815–1895): Touches to an Intellectual Biography
Authors: Vizgin Viktor ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the Swiss philosopher Charles Secrétan (1815–1895), unknown in our country. The article provides an outline of the life and work of the Lausanne thinker, based on letters and other documents from the family ar­chive, carefully preserved by his daughter Louise Secrétan. To understand the phi­losophy of freedom developed by Secrétan, it is not enough to establish the in­traphilosophical impulses received by the Swiss philosopher from Schelling, Kant and Maine de Biran. Secrétan’s philosophy of freedom, the author of the article believes, cannot be understood in its genesis without reference to a specific his­torical and cultural context, including the intellectual and political history of not only the Swiss Confederation as a whole, but also of the canton of Vaud, which is Secrétan’s homeland. The author of the article shows that Secrétan’s highest ideal, already in his youth, was freedom as an irrefutable reality and as the highest value, the symbol of which is the coat of arms of his canton. The article presents the idea that freedom in conjunction with will and morality forms the basis of the philosophical intuition, deeply rooted in the Secrétan’s consciousness, that emerged in him even before his meeting with Schelling, that only gave an incen­tive to reveal the already existing germ of his thought in the philosophical system. According to the author of the article, the study of Secrétan’s work allows us to better understand not only the insufficiently studied French-speaking spiritual­ism, the founder of which was Maine de Biran, but also to deepen our understand­ing of the essence of freedom. The analysis of Secrétan’s philosophy is carried out in the article in comparison with the Russian tradition.
N.A. Berdyaev’s Epistolary Archive: The Persona of the Philosopher in Intellectual History (Reflections on Book)
Authors: Pavlov Ilia ,   HSE University
Published: July 2024

The article considers the publication of Nikolai Berdyaev’s archival correspon­dence in the context of intellectual history methodology and related approaches, as well as their turn to the persona of the philosopher. The publication is analyzed as the implementation of Tatiana Shchedrina’s research project based on the concept of the “archive of the epoch”. It is demonstrated that Shchedrina’s project can be attributed to a “family” of strategies aimed at combining the con­sideration of the theoretical content of philosophy with a broader historical con­text and, consequently, integrating the methods and approaches of humanities into research in history of philosophy. This “family” also includes the Cam­bridge School methodology and other approaches, which, as the author shows, can be applied to the history of Russian philosophy research without contrasting its epistemological style. Referring to Berdyaev’s published correspondence, the author reveals its significance for the reconstruction of both the contexts of Russian philosophy and the authors’ intentions. The latter shows that Russian philosophers interacted with institutional and political contexts, while maintain­ing the autonomy of philosophical reflection and aiming at the development of Russian philosophy. The author analyzes the sections of correspondence clari­fying Berdyaev’s theoretical claims, shedding light on his attitude to Marxism, the USSR and the prospects of spiritual revival in Russia, to church politics and theology. In conclusion, the author emphasizes the relevance of understanding Berdyaev’s life strategies as an expression of his philosophy, characterized by Tatiana Shchedrina as “light personalism”.
The current situation and main characteristics of contemporary Chinese philosophical research
Authors: Chunming Zu ,   Institute of Philosophy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
Published: July 2024

Nowadays China and Russia are going through a period of cultural change: both coun­tries are actively exploring the possibility of independent cultural models corresponding to their national spiritual characteristics and modern ways of development. However, if we overemphasize the particular and ignore the universal, we may get bogged down in the quagmire of cultural nationalism. How to find a balance between universality and peculiarity – that is a common problem facing the intellectual circles of China and Rus­sia, as well as the historical mission of modern philosophers. In this context, the consi­deration of the current situation and the main characteristics of philosophical research in contemporary China has important theoretical value and practical significance. This ar­ticle attempts to use digital methods in humanitarian research to analyze objective data, as well as the results of “subjective” research in order to describe the current situation of philosophical research in contemporary China, to summarize their main characteristics, as well as to problematize the ratio of universal and special in the context of the develop­ment of philosophical knowledge.
Subjects and methods of empirical studies of consciousness
Authors: Mikhailov Igor ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

Attempts to create empirically based theories of consciousness face two kinds of obsta­cles. First, the dominant strategy of searching for the neural correlates of consciousness has been unsuccessful due to the lack of working hypotheses about their causal connec­tion with conscious states. The second obstacle is multiplicity of explananda – the lack of sufficient evidence for the belief that everything that we consider to be phenomena of consciousness or conscious states is ontologically unified. Perhaps, these issues are caused by the fact that the sciences of consciousness are devoid of an analog to the radio engineering level, which, in addition to theoretical electrodynamics, is essential for un­derstanding the principles of radio devices’ functioning. This level of knowledge should include a simplified ontology of the subject area, allowing one to isolate fundamental functional relationships at its algorithmic level. Considering the history of the sciences of consciousness and the specifics of their subject, the optimal candidate for the role of the engineering level of knowledge could be a computational approach, which would involve describing the subject as a combination of computational primitives that allow for the implementation of algorithms generating conscious states. Such an approach looks even more promising as non-computational theories of consciousness based on tradi­tional natural science paradoxically remain de facto metaphysical (speculative). In addi­tion to different approaches to the criteria for a “good” empirical (non-speculative) theory of consciousness, the paper provides an overview of a theory of consciousness based on the active inference hypothesis. The analysis of this theory suggests that a computa­tional model underlying a good theory of consciousness should not be deterministic, but probabilistic.
WITHDRAWN: IRE-1α is a key switch of pyroptosis and necroptosis in mice by dominating Gasdermin D
Authors: Zeng Xin , Zheng Qing , Li Deyong , Li Yumeng , Liu Xiaohong , Zhu Min , Liu Wen , Li Lan , Lu Yanrong , Cheng Jingqiu , Chen Younan
Published: July 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors while they make corrections to the work. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Minimal twister sister (TS)-like self-cleaving ribozymes in the human genome revealed by deep mutational scanning
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Hong Xu , Xiong Peng , Wang Junfeng , Zhan Jian , Zhou Yaoqi
Published: July 2024

Despite their importance in a wide range of living organisms, self-cleaving ribozymes in the human genome are few and poorly studied. Here, we performed deep mutational scanning and covariance analysis of two previously proposed self-cleaving ribozymes (LINE-1 and OR4K15). We found that the regions essential for ribozyme activities are made of two short segments, with a total of 35 and 31 nucleotides only. The discovery makes them the simplest known self-cleaving ribozymes. Moreover, the essential regions are circular permutated with two nearly identical catalytic internal loops, supported by two stems of different lengths. These two self-cleaving ribozymes, which shape like lanterns, are similar to the catalytic regions of the twister sister ribozymes in terms of sequence and secondary structure. However, the nucleotides at the cleavage site have shown that mutational effects on the two twister sister-like (TS-like) ribozymes are different from the twister sister ribozyme. The discovery of TS-like ribozymes reveals a ribozyme class with the simplest and, perhaps, the most primitive structure needed for self-cleavage.
WITHDRAWN: Implementation of Encryption Algorithms in Classical and Quantum Computing: A comparative Analysis
Authors: Akshay Jayavrinda Vrindavanam , Narayanan Anirudh , N Chandrashekar , Kamath Gaurav , R Akshay M
Published: July 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors since they no longer stand by the findings/conclusions of this work. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Risk of suicide and all-cause death in patients with mental disorders: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Jeon Hong Jin , Kim Hyewon , Jung Jin Hyung , Han Kyungdo
Published: July 2024

Mental disorders are associated with an increased risk of premature death, including suicide. This study aimed to examine the risk of suicide and all-cause death in patients with mental disorders after considering demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors. Data from the National Health Insurance Sharing Service database and linked data from Statistics Korea were used. In total, 3,951,398 people aged ≥20 years were eligible for this study. Among the participants, 14 types of mental disorders were identified, and the subsequent incidences of suicide and all-cause death were monitored. The mean age of those with mental disorders and those without mental disorders was 56.5 (SD, 13.6) years and 46.6 (SD, 13.6) years, respectively. During an average follow-up period of 11.1 years (SD, 1.5), 249,830 participants died, of whom 12,290 died by suicide. Overall, the risk of suicide and all-cause death was higher in people with mental disorders than in controls. The risk of suicide was the highest among those with personality disorders, followed by those with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorder. The risk of all-cause death was the highest among those with intellectual disability, followed by those with schizophrenia spectrum disorder and alcohol use disorder. In conclusion, the risk of suicide and all-cause death increased among those with mental disorders, but there was substantial variation between the types of mental disorders for both suicide and all-cause death.
Enhanced Wavelet Transform Dynamic Attention Transformer Model For Lithium-ion Battery Anomaly Detection
Authors: Liu Xin , Huang Haihong
Published: July 2024

In the context of rapid advancements in electric vehicle (EV) technology, the safety and reliability of lithium-ion (Li) batteries,as the core power source, have garnered significant attention. The non-stationarity and complex dynamics of battery data posemajor challenges in the field of battery state monitoring, making it difficult for existing monitoring and prediction methods toaccurately address the variability of real-world environments. To address these issues, we propose a Transformer model based ona wavelet transform dynamic attention mechanism (WADT), capable of effectively handling the non-stationarity of battery dataand capturing its complex dynamic changes. The dynamic attention mechanism, grounded in wavelet transform, can adaptivelyfocus on the most informative parts of the battery data, thereby enhancing the accuracy of anomaly detection. Building on thismechanism, we further developed a deep learning model that incorporates an improved Transformer architecture, specificallydesigned to handle the complex dynamics of time series data. This model not only considers the temporal dependencies of batterydata but also adapts to its non-stationary behavior, achieving more accurate and reliable anomaly detection. Experimental resultson public battery datasets have demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed approach. Compared to existing technologies, ourmodel has achieved significant improvements in several key performance indicators, including but not limited to accuracy, AUCscore. These results not only validate the innovation and effectiveness of our method but also showcase its potential applicationin the field of battery anomaly detection.
Assessing seismic response in dual tower connected structures at different storey levels through fixed and flexible connections
Authors: Shrestha Subhekshya , Bhatta Janak , Sharma Rosham
Published: July 2024

Dual tower structures with sky bridges are statements of height and iconicity. These buildings serve various purposes, such as open conventional circulation, monumental sculpture sightseeing, fire evacuation, swimming pools, and other physical amenities. In the context of Nepal, very few scholars have studied sky bridges in tall buildings, necessitating the need for further study. Skybridges are horizontal connectors added at certain heights, which contribute to the coupling effect of adjacent towers and alter the predicted regular dynamic load-induced responses. This study examines the configuration of connected sky bridges, both rigidly and using passive isolated connections, excited by a set of three time-history ground motions. A nine-story dual tower with a connecting bridge of 14 m by 8 m, connected to the two grid perimeters of the towers, is considered. The study primarily investigates the efficacy of using isolators over conventional rigid connections, specifically lead rubber bearings (LRB) and high-damping rubber bearings (HDRB). The overarching objective of study is utilization of isolators to enhance building time and different seismic parameters to help minimize seismic vulnerability and achieve economically optimized structural design. Non-linear dynamic time history analyses are conducted on three distinct dual tower structural systems: fixed, LRB-isolated, and HDRB-isolated corridors, across three connection scenarios: corridors situated on the first and second floor, the third and fourth floor, and the sixth and seventh floor are considered. By comparing the analysis results with and without isolators, the effectiveness of LRB and HDRB is assessed. This study addresses fundamental design considerations to understand the optimal placement of sky bridges in the global system through the decoupling behavior of independent towers and their response to seismic dynamic responses, highlighting the advantages of isolator integration.
Cross-disciplinary Reactor-to-Repository Framework for Evaluating Spent Nuclear Fuel from Advanced Reactors
Authors: Wainwright Haruko M. , Christiaen Chloe , Atz Milos , Tchakerian John Sebastian , Yu Jiankai , Ridley Gavin Keith , Shirvan Koroush
Published: July 2024

This study presents a cross-disciplinary reactor-to-repository framework to compare different advanced reactors with respect to their spent nuclear fuel (SNF). The framework consists of (1) OpenMC for simulating neutronics, fuel depletion, and radioactive decays; (2) NWPY for computing the repository footprint for SNF disposal given the thermal constraints; and (3) PFLOTRAN for simulating radionuclide transport in the geosphere to compute the peak dose rate, which is used to quantify the repository performance and environmental impact. We first perform the meta-analysis of past comparative analyses to identify the factors led previously to inconsistent conclusions. We then demonstrate the new framework by comparing five reactor types. Significant findings are that (1) the repository footprint is neither linearly related to SNF volume nor to decay heat, due to the repository’s thermal constraint, (2) fast reactors have significantly higher I-129 inventory, which is often the primarily dose contributor from repositories, and (3) the repository performance primarily depends on the waste forms. The TRISO-based reactors, in particular, have significantly higher SNF volumes, but result in smaller repository footprints and lower peak dose rates. Our analysis highlights the diversity of these reactors, each of which should be evaluated individually. The open-source framework ensures proper cross-disciplinary connections between reactor simulations and environmental assessments, as well as the transparency/traceability required for such comparative analyses. It aims to support reactor designers, repository developers and policy makers in evaluating the impact of different reactor designs, with the ultimate goal of improving the sustainability of nuclear energy systems.
MicroRNA-375 promotes migration and invasion of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric cancer cells in vitro
Authors: Mao Zhichao , Wang Xinyu , Zhao Yongtang , Yang Fei , Qin Qin , Jiang Ruilian
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The aim of the present study was the investigation of the mechanism of miR-375 in the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori, Hp) -induced gastric cancer cell (GCC) model.
Materials and Methods: Human normal gastric mucosal epithelial cells (GMECs) line GES-1 and human GCCs strain MKN45 were used as research objects. The expression of miR-375 was detected after Hp infection of GCCs. Cell activity was detected by the MTT method, and cell proliferation was determined by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method. Transwell assay was used to detect the effect of cell invasion and migration ability. The expression levels of JAK1 and STAT3 proteins were determined by BCA method.
Results: miR-375 was increased in GCCs after Hp infection, and JAK1, STAT3, p-JAK1, and p-STAT3 were visibly increased in GCCs after Hp infection. In addition, the overexpressed miR-375 promoted the proliferation activity, migration and invasion ability of GCCs.
Conclusion: miR-375 promotes Hp-induced migration and invasion of GCCs by targeting JAK1/STAT3. This article reveals the important role of miR-375 in Hp-induced GC, which provides new clues for further investigation of its mechanism and therapeutic targets.
Solitary eating habits in healthy older adults link brain atrophy to future cognitive decline
Authors: Nakamura Hiroyuki , Isa Mikana , Noguchi-Shinohara Moeko , Jokaji Mai , Ide Kentaro , Kawano Toshihiro , Tokuchi Shusuke , Suzuki Risako , Murahashi Makoto , Ntege Edward , Shimizu Yusuke , Kawashiri Shuichi , Ono Kenjiro
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the associations between the number of people eating together and regional brain volumes, nutrient intake, and food and beverage intake in cognitively unimpaired individuals. We found that eating alone was associated with lower total brain volume, particularly in the medial temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, insula, and hippocampus, compared with eating with others. In addition, individuals who ate alone had significantly higher intakes of sucrose, maltose, alcohol, tridecanoic acid, and heptanoic acid, as well as a higher carbohydrate energy ratio. These findings suggest that eating alone may contribute to reduced brain volume in regions critical for cognitive function and is associated with unhealthy dietary habits. Understanding these associations is crucial for developing targeted interventions that promote social engagement and healthy eating behaviors to prevent cognitive decline and dementia in older adults.
Impaired brain functional hubs and effective connectivity of striatum-cortical network in migraine without aura: a resting-state fMRI study
Authors: Zhang Zhiyang , Xie Chaorong , Dong Linglin , Ou Yangxu , Ni Xixiu , Sun Mingsheng , Gao Xiaoyu , Fu Qixuan , Yan Qinyi , Wang Xiao , Zhao Ling
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Migraine without aura (MWoA) is a brain network disorder involving abnormal activity in subcortical and cortical brain regions. However, the functional alteration of key nodes and the flow of information within and between brain network in MWoA remain unclear. Thus, we aim to explore functional and effective connectivity (EC) to investigate relationship between impaired brain connectivity and migraine onsets.
Methods: Fifty-three MWoA patients and 51 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. Degree centrality (DC) analysis was used to measure the whole brain functional connectivity, and the abnormal brain regions found by DC were regarded as seeds to perform Granger causality analysis (GCA) to explore EC. Furthermore, a correlation analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between brain abnormalities and clinical symptoms in MWoA.
Results: MWoA patients exhibited decreased DC value in left putamen (PUT.L) and increased DC value in left angular gyrus (ANG.L) in whole brain functional integration compared with HCs. In EC, from subcortex to cortex, we found altered EC values from PUT.L to right superior frontal gyrus, medial, right supramarginal gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus, dorsolateral (SFGdor.R) and postcentral gyrus (PoCG.R), and altered EC from bilateral caudate (CAU) to ANG.L. From cortex to subcortex, we observed altered EC value from SFGdor.R to PUT.L, and from ANG.L to left caudate. Furthermore, we found that the EC value from PUT.L to PoCG.R was inversely correlated with the frequency of headache attack and the EC value from CAU.R to ANG.L was positively correlated with duration of illness in MWoA.
Conclusion: Our study validated the hypothesis that the functional and effective connectivity between subcortex and cortex were abnormal in MWoA patients compared with HCs, manifesting as alteration in striatum-cortex network, and the inflow and outflow information in striatum-cortex network were correlated with the frequency of headache attack and duration of illness, which may contribute to clarify neuroimaging mechanism of pain sensory during migraine onset, and the abnormality may be an adjunctive biomarker in evaluating severity of migraine and the efficacy of therapeutic intervention.
Long Term Toxicity of Silica Coated Iron Oxide Nanocrystalline Clusters used for Magnetic Hyperthermia Applications
Authors: Charles Regan , Sarangi Subhasis , Aranganathan V
Published: July 2024

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocrystalline clusters (IONC) have gained significant attention in biomedical applications for their unique properties and functionalities. The biomedical field has harnessed the potential of IONCs for various applications, including diagnostics, drug delivery, imaging, and hyperthermia therapy. The interactions of the nanomaterials with the cells, tissues, and microenvironment can reveal the biocompatibility or harmful effects in biological systems therefore a systematic understanding of the toxicity parameters of these materials are essential. The Fe3O4 nanocrystalline clusters were synthesised by solvothermal process and characterized using XRD, TEM, SEM, and DLS. The in vitro cytotoxicity was assessed on HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines and in vivo toxicity on Swiss albino mice. The average size of synthesized nanocrystalline clusters were found to be 230 nm from TEM analysis. The IONC exhibits promising efficiency for magnetic hyperthermia, with SAR value of 104.1 W/g and intrinsic loss parameter of 1.05 nH m2/Kg-1. The particles did not exhibit significant toxicity when tested on the 2 cell lines. In vivo CBC and serum values were within normal limits at 24 hours, 5- and 75-weeks’ of sacrifice except for considerable increase in SGOT values, but fell back to the normal values during 5- and 75-weeks’ time point. There was a dose-dependent iron accumulation in the liver, spleen, and lungs that was evident in Perl’s histopathological evaluation with liver and spleen being the primary sites for iron metabolism. Residual concentration of IONC was seen in lungs in the 75-weeks animals with minimal changes in the tissue architecture. The result from the current study reveals that the synthesized Si-IONC can be efficiently used for hyperthermia application as they do not show any significant in vitro and in vivo toxicity.
Methyl group donor reduces the Caffeine hippocampal anti-inflammatory effects and potentiates the LPS effect by positive transcription of the Nrf2/Txn1/Nlrp3 axis
Authors: Coque Alex Camargo , Sanna Paula Lemes dos Santos , Carvalho Liebert Bernardes , Scorzafav Arila Adorno , Souza Jennyffer , Miranda Taís Browne , Latini Alexandra , Bernardi Maria Martha , Andia Denise Carleto , Silva Rodrigo Augusto Foganholi , Afonso Camila Cristina dos Santos
Published: July 2024

Nrlp3 inflammasome activation is closely related to the Nrf2/Txn1/Nlrp3 axis, since nod-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) has a critical role through interaction with thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), which upon dissociating from the Trx1/TXNIP complex and interacting with Nrlp3, promotes the activation of the complex. In this context, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a critical role and can inhibit the activation of the inflammasome. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate in inflammatory conditions induced by LPS in vivo and in vitro whether the neuroprotective effect of caffeine would be mediated by the Nrf2/Txn1/Nlrp3 axis. Here, we demonstrate using an in vivo model of neuroinflammation induced by i.p. injection of LPS (0.33 mg/kg) that the reduction in Nrf2 expression and the increase in Nrlp3 and Txn1 expression promoted by LPS were significantly prevented and/or reversed by pre-treatment with caffeine without a direct involvement of epigenetic mechanisms. Furthermore, in vitro results revealed a pro-inflammatory effect for treatment with the CH3 donor (SAM) and an anti-inflammatory effect for the Dnmt inhibitor, RG108. Thus, the joint analysis of the results allows us to conclude that the neuroprotective effect of caffeine observed by the negative modulation of the pro-inflammatory genes, Nlrp3/Txn1, and positive modulation of Nfr2, may be mediated by underlying molecular mechanisms sensitive to positive modulation and/or or negative activation of DNMTs enzymes. We emphasize that additional studies are needed to elucidate the involvement of DNMTs in caffeine-mediated neuroprotection.
Physical-medical integration policies and health equity promotion in China: a textual analysis based on policy instruments
Authors: Zhao Mingyuan , Yang Lishu , Qian Baoshan , Yang Yun , Wei Gongbo , Li Chen
Published: July 2024

Background
In China, policies aimed at promoting physical-medical integration have garnered significant attention at the national level. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding the extent to which these policies incorporate the promotion of health equity. This study aims to explore the existence and manifestation of health equity promotion in relevant policy documents.
Methods
Utilizing textual content analysis, this study analyzed 62 policy documents on physical-medical integration issued by various Chinese departments between June 2016 and June 2023. The KH Coder qualitative analysis software served as the analytical tool to facilitate the process.
Findings
The analysis revealed several key findings. Firstly, the policies exhibited a strong orientation towards universal health goals, which served as the cornerstone for promoting health equity. The policies emphasized inclusive populations, spanning from children, adolescents, healthy adults, to older adults, ensuring access to health management and disease prevention support through body-health integration services. Secondly, the policy tool focused on balancing the distribution of health resources, particularly favoring rural, remote, and disadvantaged groups. This aimed to foster resource parity and reduce geographical health inequalities. Finally, the policies specified the importance of synergistic cooperation between multiple actors, such as government departments, sports management bodies, and healthcare institutions, to advance the cause of sports-health integration.
Conclusion
Although the policies on sports-medical integration and non-medical health interventions did not explicitly mention the concept of health equity, the underlying ideas and goals align closely with it. Both are directed towards enhancing the health of all individuals and achieving health equity.
Real Time Tunning of Power System Stabilizer for Enhancement of Dynamic Stability of Power Generating Stations
Authors: Chauhan Rajeev Kumar , Singh Bhupendra , Maurya Sanjay Kumar , Chauhan Durg Singh
Published: July 2024

Power System Stabilizer (PSS) enhances dynamic stability by damping the electro-mechanical oscillations in a pre-established range of frequencies through the excitation system of the generating units. This paper discusses the real-time tuning aspects of PSS for small signal stability and enhancement of the dynamic stability of the power generating stations. PSS tuning action provides positive damping by developing an electric torque component in phase with the generator speed. This study shows that fine-tuning of PSS compensates for the phase shift between the generator’s excitation unit input signal and the produced electric torque. The result validates PSS's remarkable effect on enhancing the transfer capability and dynamic stability of the power generating stations.
A Pilot Study on the Views and Experiences of Healthcare Providers about Deprescribing Preventive Medications in Patients with Polypharmacy
Authors: Oktora Monika Pury , Yuniar Cindra Tri , Alfian Sofa Dewi , Hak Eelko , Abdulah Rizky
Published: July 2024

Background
Deprescribing is a process of tapering or stopping medications to achieve improved health outcomes. The process is widely recommended to reduce the burden of polypharmacy in older or frail patients. Healthcare providers’ (HCPs) role has been reported to be important when deprescribing in clinical practice. Despite the potential, little is known about the views and experiences of HCPs about deprescribing in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to present the preliminary results of the views and experiences of HCPs in Indonesia about deprescribing medications in patients with polypharmacy.
Methods
The study was carried out using semi-structured interviews with three HCPs, comprising a general practitioner (GP), internist, and pharmacist, who were selected as informants. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, and directed content analysis was performed to extract the data.
Results
Themes about HCPs’ knowledge, skills, experience, and interaction between HCPs, patients, and patient families were found. Although the HCPs understood the importance of deprescribing, some challenges in implementing the process were admitted. These comprised a lack of specific guidelines, barriers to communication skills, building trust from the patients, and insufficient time and resources to support deprescribing decisions. Therefore, closer collaboration between HCPs and good interaction with patients and their families may be favorable when conducting deprescribing.
Conclusion
This first exploration study showed that there were most likely knowledge gaps in deprescribing practices in Indonesia, particularly regarding preventive medications in patients with polypharmacy. Consequently, studies involving more HCPs may help determine their roles in deprescribing and the barriers and enablers to implementation.
Interactions Between Early-Life Adversity, Pandemic Stress, and Social Support on Psychiatric Disorders in a Nationally Representative Sample of Canadian Adults
Authors: Johnson Dylan , Colman Ian , Georgiades Katholiki , Wade Mark
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE
Mental health problems increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the interaction between pandemic stress, early-life adversity, and social support in predicting mental health is not well understood. This study examined independent and interactive associations between pandemic stress, early-life adversity, and social support on psychiatric disorders in a nationally-representative sample of Canadian adults.
METHODS
Participants (n = 9,409) were from the Mental Health and Access to Care Survey, a cross-sectional survey of Canadian adults during the pandemic. Measures included pandemic stressors (Statistics Canada), early-life adversity (Childhood Experiences of Violence Questionnaire), social support (Social Provisions Scale), and past 12-month psychiatric problems (World Mental Health-Composite International Diagnostic Interview). Statistical analyses included two-step logistic regression models adjusted for covariates and weighted for complex survey design.
RESULTS
Early-life adversity (aOR = 1.24 [1.15–1.35]-aOR = 1.53 [1.39–1.69]) and pandemic stress (aOR = 1.18 [1.12–1.25]-aOR = 1.32 [1.26–1.39]) were associated with higher odds of psychiatric problems. Significant interactions between early-life adversity and pandemic stress for depression (aOR = 0.96 [0.93–0.98]) suggested an attenuated effect of pandemic stress at higher levels of early-life adversity. Social support was negatively associated with psychiatric problems (aOR = 0.88 [0.86–0.91]-aOR = 0.97 [0.94–0.99]), while pandemic stress was positively associated (aOR = 1.20 [1.15–1.26]-aOR = 1.33 [1.27–1.40]). An interaction between social support and pandemic stress for suicidality (aOR = 1.02 [1.01–1.03]) suggested higher odds of pandemic stress at higher levels of social support.
CONCLUSION
Early-life adversity and pandemic stress increased psychiatric disorder likelihood, while social support was protective. However, complex interactions indicate nuanced relationships in mental health risk during the pandemic.
StereoMM: A Graph Fusion Model for Integrating Spatial Transcriptomic Data and Pathological Images
Authors: Zhang Jiajun , Luo Bingying , Teng Fei , Tang Guo , Cen Weixuan , Qu Chi , Liu Xuanzhu , Liu Xin , Liu Xing , Huang Huaqiang , Feng Yu , Zhang Xue , Jian Min , Li Mei , Xi Feng , Li Guibo , Liao Sha , Chen Ao , Xu Xun
Published: July 2024

Spatially resolved omics technologies generating multimodal and high-throughput data necessitate the development of advanced analysis methods, and facilitate biological discoveries by comprehensively utilizing information from the multi-omics data. Spatial transcriptomic data and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) images reveal abundant features which are different and complementary to each other. We presented a machine learning based toolchain called StereoMM, a graph based fusion model that can integrate gene expression, histological images, and spatial location. StereoMM interacts with the information revealed by the transcriptomic and imaging data through an attention module. The updated features are input into the graph autoencoder together with a graph of spatial position, so that multimodal features are fused in a self-supervised manner. Here, StereoMM was trained using mouse brain tissue, demonstrating its capability to discern fine tissue architecture, while highlighting its advantage in computational speed. Utilizing data from human lung adenosquamous carcinoma obtained using Stereo-seq and human breast cancer from 10X Visium, we showed the superior performance of StereoMM in spatial domain recognition over competing software, and its ability to reveal tumour heterogeneity. We also used StereoMM to accurately classify patients with colorectal cancer data, effectively differentiating between patients with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) and proficient mismatch repair (pMMR). StereoMM’s approach for analysing gene expression data and imaging data aids in accurate identification of spatial domains in spatial transcriptomes, unveils critical molecular features, and elucidates the connections between different domains, thereby laying the groundwork for downstream analysis.
π-Aromatic Bi5– – The Heaviest Analogue of Cyclopentadienide (C5H5)– Finally Captured in the Mixed-Valent Compound [{IMesCo}2(μ,η5:η5-Bi5)]
Authors: Dehnen Stefanie , Weigend Florian , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Rienmueller Julia , Peerless Benjamin , Paul Sagar
Published: July 2024

Monocyclic π-aromatic compounds are ubiquitous throughout almost all fields of natural sciences-as synthons in industrial processes, as ligands of metal complexes for catalysis or sensing, and as bioactive molecules. They stand out through their specific way of overcoming electron deficiency as planar organocycles comprising a non-localizable set of (4n+2)π electrons.1 By contrast, all-metal aromatic monocycles with all C atoms replaced by metal atoms are still rare, as metal atoms prefer to form clusters instead of cycles with multiply-bonded atoms, making them a huge synthetic challenge.2–4 This limits the knowledge and potential of corresponding compounds in chemical syntheses or for innovative materials. Here, we show the first successful generation of Bi5–, the heaviest analogue of the aromatic ligand (C5H5)–. Its use as ligand in [{IMesCo}2(µ,η5:η5-Bi5)] (1) was realized by reacting (TlBi3)2– with [(IMes)2CoCl] (IMes: bis(1,3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl))imidazol-2-ylidene) in ortho-difluorobenzene. Compound 1 is mixed-valent (Co0/CoI) as verified by µ-SQUID measurements and DFT, and perfectly embeds the planar Bi5– cycle in an inverse-sandwich-type manner. Capturing Bi5– represents a landmark in the chemistry of all-metal aromatic molecules and defines a new era for aromatic compounds. Immediate implications include the systematic development of new complexes featuring Bi5– and its derivatives as innovative bismuth-based materials.
An Interpretable AI Approach for Machine Fault DiagnosisUsing Dynamic Gradient LRP and Guided Grad-CAM withThermography
Authors: Mathew Sibi , Nath Aneesh G , A Shyna
Published: July 2024

In the realm of heavy machine operations, the necessity for efficient fault diagnosis methodologies is evident, given the substantial risks posed by breakdowns in terms of costs, manpower resources, and time. This study leverages VGG16, guided Grad-CAM, and LRP techniques for fault diagnosis in three-phase induction motors and transformers. Departing from traditional methods, this research strategically incorporates non-destructive tech- niques such as thermal imaging. The methodology entails training a model on a thermal image dataset using the pre- trained VGG16 architecture. Subsequently, guided image datasets are generated through the Guided Grad-CAM process, complemented by corresponding LRP data, form- ing the foundation for training various CNN architectures with a softmax classifier for fault categorization. Signifi- cantly, this integrated approach enables the identification of potential fault areas based on thermal gradients. Pre- liminary results demonstrate promising outcomes, under- scoring the efficacy of this methodology in fault diagnosis. Moreover, extending beyond machinery applications, this study advocates for the integration of neural networks and thermal imaging in industries, offering prospects for predictive maintenance and enhanced operational efficiency in industrial diagnostics.
Study of the prevalence of gestational diabetes among pregnant women visiting Al-Zahrawi Hospital and its risk factors
Authors: Al-Omayan Hadeel Nizar , Hammoud Taghrid
Published: July 2024

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder that occurs during pregnancy, and its prevalence is increasing in all parts of the world. As a result of the impact of diabetes on both the mother and the fetus, it is a topic worthy of study.
Research objective and its justification: To determine the prevalence of diabetes during pregnancy to confirm the use of screening tests in detecting diabetes during pregnancy.
Research materials and methods: The study included 760 pregnant women who visited Al-Zahrawi Hospital during the period from June 2023 to December 2024, where information was recorded from the patients’ files and information related to the age of the pregnant woman, gestational age, and mass index, in addition to the tests necessary to diagnose diabetes during pregnancy, 73 pregnant women met positive criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes.
Results: The rate of diabetes during pregnancy was 9.60% of all pregnant women. The highest percentage of diabetic pregnant women falls within the age group >30 years, and this percentage is 68.49% (p<0.001)
The majority of diabetic pregnant women are in the third trimester of pregnancy, accounting for 71.23% of all diabetic pregnant women (p<0.001).
Most diabetic pregnant women were overweight and obese, and the percentages reached 39.72% and 49.32%, respectively (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The results of the study showed an increase in the rate of diabetes during pregnancy and therefore the importance of conducting screening tests. It emphasized that the advanced age of the pregnant woman, gestational age, and the presence of obesity in pregnant women are among the most important risk factors for diabetes during pregnancy.
Manejo de Alterações Cromáticas: Comparação entre a Microabrasão do Esmalte e outras Modalidades de Tratamento
Authors: Paiva Paulina Renata da Silva , Silva Geovanna Caroline Brito da , Vasconcelos Marcelo Gadelha , Vasconcelos Rodrigo Gadelha
Published: July 2024

Introdução: Em virtude de ser o tecido mais externo de recobrimento dos dentes, o esmalte dentário é suscetível a alterações na sua coloração, manifestadas por manchas e opacidades superficiais. Nessa situação, um dos tratamentos mais comuns utilizados para contornar tais condições é a microabrasão do esmalte, sobretudo, por ser um método seguro, conservador e eficaz. Todavia, em casos complexos de manchas com maior profundidade, o tratamento microabrasivo pode não obter resultados totalmente satisfatórios e, diante disso, outras modalidades de tratamento existentes podem ser necessárias para a total remoção das áreas manchadas. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de literatura para discorrer sobre as modalidades de tratamento para o manejo de alterações cromáticas que podem acometer o esmalte dentário. Material e método: Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico pela busca eletrônica nas bases de dados: National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Google Acadêmico durante o intervalo de 2007 a 2021, utilizando os descritores em português/inglês: microabrasão do esmalte (enamel microabrasion), fluorose dentária (dental fluorosis) e clareamento dental (tooth bleaching). Resultados: Foram objetos de análise exploratória artigos de revisão de literatura, ensaios clínicos randomizados, revisão sistemática e relato de caso clínico e, após uma criteriosa filtragem, 27 produções foram selecionadas para compor esta revisão. Conclusão: A escolha do profissional por outras modalidades de tratamento estético para manchas superficiais do esmalte dentário é intrinsecamente dependente do grau e profundidade do manchamento, bem como da complexidade de cada caso.
The First Commemorative Practices of Saint Petersburg University
Authors: Rostovtsev Evgeny A. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Sosnitsky Dmitry A. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to an under-researched episode in the history of St. Petersburg University — commemorations of the first half of the 19th century. The article, on the basis of the archival sources, reconstructs the context of the preparation and subsequent conduct of solemn university ceremonies of 1838 and 1844. To create a comprehensive picture, the authors refer to the data from the periodical press and personal records in addition to archival sources and regulatory documentation. The authors come to the conclusion that the period of 1830–1840s was of fundamental importance for the commemorative practices of the university and determined the procedure for holding annual solemn ceremonies for many years. The article also shows that during the first university commemorative practices, two main approaches to understanding the corporate history of the university were formulated. The first one concerned the inclusion of institutions of the 18th century in the context of university history, including the “academic” institution. However, it was the second approach that was established, which considered the history of the university as an institution created by the will of Emperor Alexander I and S. S. Uvarov in 1819. The reasons for the success of this discourse can be attributed to both the circumstances of the university history of the reign of Nicholas, and to a perceptionof the university corporate history as self-sufficient and independent in the Russian science and society, more convenient and acceptable for the nineteen-century students.
Demography of Pandemics in Governorate of Livonia during Late Imperial Period
Authors: Ryazantsev Sergey V. ,   Institute for Demographic Research of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Smirnov Alexey V. ,   Institute for Demographic Research of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

Infectious disease pandemics that broke out in the territory of the Russian Empire in the 19th century were large-scale phenomena with significant demographic consequences. The aim of the study was to assess the demographic and socio-economic consequences of the Russian influenza pandemic and the fifth cholera pandemic in Livonia. The research is based on the pre-revolutionary periodicals. Influenza caused a disease outbreak in Livonia in November 1889. In December, the population, mostly over 35 years old, began to suffer from pneumonia, which often led to death. A statistical assessment of monthly excess mortality in 1889 showed an increase of 8 % in November and 67 % in December. Influenza also had an effect on fertility: the birth rate in September 1890 (conception in December 1889) was the lowest compared to the period between 1888 and 1895. Influenza affected members of all classes. By the time of the outbreak of the fifth cholera pandemic, the cholera agent and modes of transmission were known. Cholera was a disease of the poor. Migrant labourers and the lower classes of the population were predominantly affected. There was a lower likelihood of the educated population living in satisfactory conditions and following the advice of doctors of contracting it. In October 1893, cholera riots occurred in Tartu, demonstrating the population’s misunderstanding of the purpose of sanitary measures. The rioters did not understand why “gentlemen” did not get cholera. Cholera had an impact on the mortality and marriage rate of the population. However, cholera in Livonia became a controlled disease and had a positive impact on the sanitary habits of the population, and the sanitary and epidemiological development of the cities.