bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brunschvicg, Bergson e Meyerson: influências e contra-influências na filosofia de Bachelard
Authors: Guimarães Gustavo Bertoche
Published: September 2021

Neste artigo examinamos as relações do filósofo Gaston Bachelard com três de seus principais interlocutores: Léon Brunschvicg, Henri Bergson e Émile Meyerson. Essas relações são, de certo modo, pedagógicas – afinal, é por meio das interseções e das diferenças que um filósofo constrói o seu pensamento. A ligação entre Bachelard e Brunschvicg é a que existe entre um professor e um aluno: Bachelard parte das suas ideias, mas as ultrapassa, alcançando novos horizontes. Já entre Bachelard e Bergson há algumas diferenças essenciais, que podem ser resumidas no valor oposto que eles conferem à ciência. Quanto à relação entre Bachelard e Meyerson, a diferença fundamental está na defesa da imobilidade ou da transformação da razão humana, tanto do ponto de vista da teoria do conhecimento, quanto do ponto de vista da história das ciências.
Apresentação: A presença de Gaston Bachelard no Brasil
Authors: Silva Luzia Batista , Rocha Gabriel Kafure da , Velanes David
Published: September 2021

Apresentação
Türkiye’de Bölgesel Kalkınma Politikasında Kalkınma Ajansları: Uygulama Aşaması Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: ÖZIŞIK Fethi
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de bölgesel kalkınma politikasının uygulama aşamasının analizi, bu politikanın en önemli kurumsal bileşenlerinden biri olan Kalkınma Ajansları üzerinden yapılmaya çalışılacaktır. Kalkınma Ajansları 2006 yılında kurulmuştur ve on dört yıllık bir uygulama deneyimi yaşanmıştır. Geçen bu süre, metodolojik olarak ajansların uygulama aşaması üzerinden bir değerlendirme yapmaya imkân tanımaktadır. Türkiye’de ajansların kuruluşu, en başta Avrupa Birliği’ne uyum sürecinin bir gereği olarak düşünülmüş olsa da, gelinen noktada ajansların, ulusal politika süreçleri ve merkeziyetçi yönetim anlayışının bir parçası olma durumu ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bununla birlikte ajansların kuruluşu ile birlikte ortaya konan anlayış ve gerçekleştirilmesi beklenen hedefler ile uygulama arasında bir takım uyumsuzlukların da varlığı söz konusudur. Çalışmada, ilk olarak bu uyumsuzluklar çeşitli etkenlere bağlı olarak açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır. Bu çerçevede, ajansların yapısal boyutu, malî yapıları, hazırladıkları bölge planlarının statüsü ve işlevi, merkezi yönetim ile olan ilişkileri incelenecektir. İkinci olarak ise, ajansların yerel düzeydeki uygulamalarına da yer verilerek ajansların yerel kalkınma ve yerel yönetişim süreçlerindeki işlevlerine odaklanılacaktır. Çalışmada bu bulgular yukarıdan aşağıya uygulama modeli ve aşağıdan yukarıya uygulama modeli çerçevesinde değerlendirilecektir. Ayrıca uygulama sürecinde rol oynayan merkezi ve yerel düzeydeki aktörlerle gerçekleştirilen mülakatlardan da yararlanılacaktır.
ANÁLISE ESPACIAL DA DEMANDA POR DIESEL NOS ESTADOS BRASILEIROS
Authors: Souza Yuri Machado de , Rodrigues Luciano , Furlan Amaral Daniel
Published: September 2021

As mudanças na dinâmica energética mundial e no funcionamento do mercado brasileiro de combustíveis exigem um entendimento profundo do comportamento do consumo energético nos diferentes setores da economia. Em atenção a isso, no presente trabalho se buscou compreender e mensurar as variáveis que determinam a demanda por diesel nos estados brasileiros. A metodologia empregada utilizou dados em painel e modelos de econometria espacial na avaliação da demanda pelo derivado no período de 2002 a 2016. Os parâmetros estimados indicaram elasticidades preço e renda da demanda por diesel de -0,5275 e 0,4247, respectivamente. Os resultados também revelaram a importância da dinâmica do agronegócio na demanda por diesel. Em linhas gerais, o crescimento de 1% no valor da produção agropecuária promove crescimento de 0,1471% no consumo do derivado fóssil. A análise indicou ainda que a demanda por diesel em um determinado Estado é influenciada pela renda e pela produção agropecuária nos Estados vizinhos. Os resultados obtidos oferecem indicações importantes para formuladores de políticas públicas e para ações empresariais relacionadas ao mercado de diesel no Brasil.
Virtual reality among children with mental disorders: A mini-review
Authors:   Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Rasoulian-Kasrineh Marjan , Tabatabaei Seyyed-Mohammad ,   1. Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; 2. Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Published: September 2021

Background: Mental disorders are a group of disorders that affect thinking and behavior by causing discomfort or disability to the person. Almost one in eight people aged 5 to 19 deals with these kinds of disorders and his or her growth may be significantly affected. It seems that using novel technologies in such cases are helpful. One of these advanced technologies, which has recently attracted a lot of attention in many fields such as health, is Virtual Reality. Therefore, the present study aimed to provide a brief review about the use of Virtual Reality among children with mental disorders. Methods: In this study, articles in which Virtual Reality were used among children dealing with mental disorders published during 2012 to 2021 were investigated. PsycINFO electronic databases, PubMed Google Scholar, Medline, were searched. Results: Children deal with different types of mental disorders and Virtual Reality has been used for many of them. The most common of them, in which Virtual Reality have been used and caused improvements include Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Anxiety Disorder, Conduct Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Schizophrenia Disorder, and Developmental Disability. Discussion and conclusion: According to the results, Virtual Reality is a very interesting, useful, effective and safe technology for patients dealing with mental disorders especially children and adolescence. It is actually a highly specialized technology which can provide improvement, and in some cases completely new ways of treatment for children suffering from mental disorders.
Os anticoncepcionais orais como fator de risco cardiovascular: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Santos Thiago Mendes dos , Menezes Manuela de Matos Costa de , Fernandes Mariana Pereato , Nadais Giovana Lopes , Gomes Maria Fernanda de Almeida , Silva Serginara Cristina Flexa Pereira da , Dantas Rebeca Fernandes de Azevedo , Cano Maria Eduarda Barillari , Lopes Bruno Augusto
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Revisar e analisar a relação da anticoncepção hormonal como fator de risco cardiovascular. Revisão bibliográfica: Na tentativa de reduzir os efeitos colaterais do uso de anticoncepcionais hormonais, foram criadas novas formulações com alterações da dose do estrógeno e formulações baseadas em progesterona. O uso de anticoncepcionais combinados aumenta o risco tanto de tromboses venosas quanto arteriais. Há evidências de alterações pressóricas associadas ao uso de anticoncepcionais orais combinados (ACOs). Nota-se uma íntima relação entre a ingesta de pílulas contraceptivas e a alteração das taxas lipídicas corporais, o que, de forma indireta, potencializa o risco cardiovascular. O uso de contraceptivos orais está relacionado a tromboses arteriais que, por sua vez, podem cursar com infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM). O risco geral de trombose arterial é 1,6x maior em mulheres que fazem uso de contraceptivos orais. Considerações finais: O uso do estrogênio exógeno contido nos ACOs, principalmente em altas doses, é um fator preponderante para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares. É crucial que ocorra a conscientização acerca da automedicação potencialmente perigosa no uso dos anticoncepcionais hormonais e que os profissionais de saúde prescrevam esse método contraceptivo de forma individualizada, visando evitar desfechos desfavoráveis.
Control of browning during seed germination of Meizotropis pellita: a rare and an endangered plant
Authors: Chandola Renu , Upadhyaya Anshulika
Published: September 2021

Meizotropis pellita is a rare, endangered and threatened plant species found in Patwadanger forest. In nature this species grows from rootstock in precise and sensitive habitats. However, phenolic compounds provoke browning reaction which is responsible for lethal browning in plant tissue culture and hindering in vitro germination. The aim of this study was to minimize the effect of phenolic compound during seed germination. We evaluate different antibrowning treatments in Meizotropis pellita seeds. The seeds were pretreated in Polyvinylpyrrolidone and then treated seeds were cultured on MS media and sterilized seeds were directly inoculated on PVP containing MS media. These culture media incubate under dark and light conditions at different durations respectively. Our results showed that addition of antibrowning agent, PVP inhibit onset of browning. Dark and light condition also played a crucial role on onset of browning. Delayed and low intensity of browning were observed in case of seeds that were inoculated on MS media containing PVP and were kept in dark. The present research offers a positive in vitro seed germination protocol for Meizotropis pellita conservation.
Functionalized silver nanoparticles synthesized from marine algae: In vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Potential
Authors: Kandula Siva Kumar , Cheekatla Satyanarayana Swamy , Metta Venkata Satya Mahesh Kumar , Saladi Venkata Rajagopal
Published: September 2021

Natural antioxidants, in particular phenolic derivatives, are used efficiently to combat against oxidative induced tissue damages. The objective of the study is to determine the antioxidant potential of methanolic extracts obtained from eight marine algal species (Enteromorpha compressa, Chaetomorpha antennina, Caulerpa racemosa, Caulerpa taxifolia, Sargassum vulgare, Padina tetrastromatica, Amphiroa fragilissima and Gracilaria corticata) by assessing their total phenolic content, DPPH scavenging assay, FRAP assay, H2O2 radical and superoxide radical scavenging activities. Among them, P.tetrastromatica, S.vulgare, E.compressa, C.taxifolia display significant antioxidant activities. Further, the aqueous extracts of these four algae are used for bioreduction of silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by green synthesis method at room temperature. UV-Visible spectrum revealed the surface plasmon resonance at 430 and 440nm. The characterizations of AgNPs by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed the bioreduction and capping of AgNPs. XRD analysis elucidated the synthesized nanoparticles having face centered cubic crystalline geometry, with a mean size of 17 nm. The nanoparticles have better antimicrobial activity against cocci shaped than the rod shaped bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration exhibit more activity against S.aureus and B.cereus rather than E.coli.
Evaluation of the alterations in the serum blood sugar level, the activity of AST and ALT enzymes of diabetes mellitus type 2 in Iraqi women patients
Authors: Iman Hashim Abdul Razzaq , Jinan Hussein Murtadha
Published: September 2021

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) results from beta cell dysfunction or reduced action of insulin responsive. The objective of this study was to examine the relevance between blood sugar, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in fasting women diabetic patients in different durations. A total of sixty-eight women were divided into three groups: first a healthy group – non-diabetic (twenty-six women), second and third groups (twenty-one) were diabetic patients of age 35 – 50 and 51 – 69 years respectively. Serum fasting blood sugar was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated to 181.60 mg/dl in female patients with 35 – 50 years. The same effect happened in activity of AST to 32.91 u/L in 51 – 69 years and ALT was 28.43 u/L in 35 – 50 years. No significant differences were found between the aged and fasting blood sugar, AST and ALT in diabetic patients. The correlation factor (r) between fasting blood sugar and the activity of ALT was highly significant.
Traditional Houses of the Paiwan in Taiwan
Authors: Tan Chang-Kou
Published: September 2021

The Paiwan, an Austronesian-speaking ethnic group, are one of sixteen Aborigines of Taiwan. This is an essay about the ethnography of traditional houses of the Paiwan. This is an essay about the ethnography of traditional houses of the Paiwan. I will describe structures, functions and construction process of traditional houses, and discuss briefly the social process and cultural meanings of houses. I have argued in an earlier paper that  the Paiwan is a ‘house-based society’, in which social and cultural reproduction are bound up with the reproduction of houses. The goal of marriage is the mission of reproduction, and the ideal conjugal relationship is the one in which the couple share a common devotion to the reproduction of the house they created. In this paper I reconsider this point of view, and I propose that the parent-child relationship and the siblingship in the family are equally important. Because the traditional houses of the Paiwan are made of stone slabs, the process of making houses is quite long. In contrast, marriage may be short-lived and fragile. Even when the marriage relationship is terminated due to divorce, the process of building and maintaining a house will not stop, and this motivation could be maintained by the parent-child relationship and the siblingship.
Ameliorative effects of Coccinia grandis leaf extract on Diabetes-Induced alterations of glucose metabolism, Cox activity and histological changes in Brain of Wistar Rats
Authors: Bhaskar Nagilla  , Bharathi Appidi  , Pratap Reddy K
Published: September 2021

Coccinia grandis has been used in tribal populations of India both as food and medicine, but it has been not reported to be a neuroprotective agent yet. The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of Coccinia grandis leaf extract on diabetes induced brain damage of Wistar rats. This study reports the protective effect of methanolic leaf extract of Coccinia grandis against STZ induced diabetes in rats. Metformin (150mg/kg body wt.) was used as a reference drug. The enzymes of the polyol pathway and its related substrates were studied in the brain tissue. The effect of Coccinia on Cyclooxygenase (COX) and Prostaglandin peroxidise (PG) was also studied. Diabetes induced rats showed a significantly increased activity of Aldose reductase, Sorbitol dehydrogenase, Glucose-6-phosphodehydrogenase, whereas the decreased activity of Hexokinase. The content of Glucose, Sorbitol significantly increased in rat brain. Sodium potassium ATPase activity was also decreased in diabetic rats. COX, PG peroxidase was increased. Histological alternations were induced in the hippocampus of STZ treated diabetic rats. Oral administration of Coccinia leaf extract (200mg/kg) of body weight to diabetic rats for 21 days efficiently attenuated the parameters studied. A decreased activity of brain AR, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glucose-6-dehydrogenase was observed along with the increase in Hexokinase and Sodium potassium ATPase activity. It also showed decreased content of glucose and Sorbitol. Diabetes induced brain damage in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex was restored with Coccinia treatment. Decreased COX and PG peroxidase suggest its protection against inflammation. The current results suggest that Coccinia grandis leaf extract exerts the potential ability to reverse the progression of hyperglycemia and its concomitant induced brain damage.
Análisis comparativo entre cooperativas de ahorro y crédito y bancos en el Ecuador
Authors: C´ardenas Muñoz Jorge , Treviño Saldívar Eduardo , Cuadrado Sánchez Gina , Ordoñez Parra Janice
Published: September 2021

El sistema financiero constituye un pilar fundamental en la economía de un país, donde las cooperativas y los bancos son los actores que sobresalen en cuanto a cobertura y servicios. El objetivo es establecer las particularidades en el funcionamiento de los sectores cooperativo y bancario en el Ecuador. La metodología empleada en el desarrollo de este trabajo es cualitativa, su alcance es descriptivo-transversal y de carácter documental, para lo cual, se utilizaron fuentes secundarias, mediante una revisión bibliográfica a profundidad de una serie de estadísticas con corte transversal al 2020, emitidas por la Asociación de Bancos Privados del Ecuador y la Superintendencia de Economía Popular y Solidaria y Superintendencia de Bancos. Los resultados presentan las particularidades en el funcionamiento de los sectores cooperativo y bancario en el Ecuador, analizando su marco regulatorio, constitución, principios fundacionales, filosofía, modelo de negocio, gobernanza, proceso de intermediación financiera, evolución y participación en el mercado, principales indicadores financieros y contribución a la economía real. Se puede concluir que existen características diferenciadoras profundas desde los aspectos filosófico y social entre estos dos representantes del sistema financiero nacional, destacándose que las Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito tienen una fuerte presencia en el ámbito social regida por principios y valores; en tanto que el sector bancario prevalece como número uno en cuanto a cobertura y movilización de capitales.
Sistemas de producción del cacao vs recursos ambientales. Un reto estratégico actual
Authors: Mendoza Vargas Emma Yolanda , Cervantes Molina Ximena Paola , Vásconez Montúfar Gregorio Humberto
Published: September 2021

Si bien, en los últimos años se ha generalizado el empleo de prácticas sostenibles, persisten una gama de efectos ambientales y sociales adversos que amenazan con revertir el desenvolvimiento productivo y económico alcanzado. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis respecto a los retos medioambientales de los sistemas de producción sostenible del cacao. A partir de la revisión documental y la indagación de la literatura se pudo determinar que, a   nivel mundial la producción del cacao requiere del empleo racional de recursos ambientales, ya que la contaminación y los desechos crecen. Además, la demanda de sus derivados se ha enfocado en el consumo de una oferta más amigable con el medio ambiente. Por lo tanto, se ha destacado en la literatura y desde organismos multilaterales que crear sistemas de producción más eficientes constituye una necesidad urgente. Ante estas recomendaciones, el propósito de este estudio es ofrecer una visión reflexiva y panorámica sobre los sistemas de producción del cacao y su impacto en los recursos ambientales, su implicación, consecuencias, riesgos, y el reto que representa un cambio en esta dinámica. La importancia de implementar un sistema de gestión productiva que destaque por su sostenibilidad económica, ecológica y social es un desafío clave que se inscribe entre las conclusiones obtenidas con la reflexión teórica presentada sobre los sistemas de producción del cacao y los recursos ambientales.
Habilidades sociales y su relación con el liderazgo en estudiantes universitarios de psicología e ingeniería
Authors: Tenorio Romero Juan
Published: September 2021

Uno de los pendientes en el marco teórico del bienestar académico es el desarrollo del liderazgo en los estudiantes. A propósito, se han resaltado diversos aspectos de los líderes, siendo el ejercicio de las habilidades sociales uno de los que más aparece en la bibliografía. Al respecto, es importante explorarlo en población universitaria; por lo tanto, esta investigación tiene como objetivo establecer la relación entre los niveles de habilidades sociales y los niveles de liderazgo en 132 estudiantes de psicología e ingeniería en la ciudad de Huancayo, Perú. El método se baso en un estudio de tipo básico y de diseño correlacional. En los resultados, los modelos de regresión lineal muestran un efecto significativo de las habilidades sociales en la variabilidad del liderazgo de los estudiantes. (R²=551). De la misma forma se realizaron estadísticos comparativos para determinar el efecto específico que cada dimensión de las habilidades sociales tiene en el liderazgo total. Estos resultados permiten determinar la relación positiva que tienen las habilidades sociales en los rasgos de liderazgo en estudiantes de psicología e ingeniería de la ciudad de Huancayo - Perú. Estos mismos se consideran un aporte al desarrollo de estrategias del liderazgo académico.
Retos y desafíos del Trabajo Social en el sector rural: una mirada desde el emprendimiento social
Authors: Loor Tobar Gloria Gema , Loor Lino Ligia Estela
Published: September 2021

El objetivo de la investigación radicó en describir los retos y desafíos que el Trabajador Social enfrenta dentro de su intervención en el campo del emprendimiento social en el sector rural. El diseño metodológico utilizado sienta sus bases en una revisión bibliográfica de diferentes autores que respaldan la importancia del Trabajo Social en el sector rural para hacer frente a los retos y desafíos estructurales, seguidamente la investigación descriptiva permitió conocer los principales obstáculos y limitaciones del Trabajo Social como herramienta de apoyo a las asociaciones agropecuarias. Las técnicas de investigación se respaldan bajo un análisis cuali-cuantitativo a través de una encuesta aplicada a 17 agro-emprendedores (6 mujeres y 11 hombres con edades entre 18 a 73 años) de la Asociación de Producción Agropecuaria “Convento” y una entrevista realizada al Trabajador Social, pionero de la organización. Entre los resultados obtenidos se evidenció que los principales retos del Trabajo Social durante la ejecución de un proyecto emprendedor es la creación de fuentes de empleo, la conformación de un equipo sólido y actualizar conocimientos, de la misma manera entre los desafíos revelados en la investigación están colocarse en el mercado, la obtención de financiamiento y la disposición de capital. Los resultados demostraron la existencia de retos y desafíos del profesional en Trabajo Social en el sector rural, por lo que se concluye que Trabajo Social es una disciplina fundamental que aporta al diseño y gestión de proyectos sostenibles contribuyendo al desarrollo local a través del emprendimiento social.
Trabajo Social y resiliencia frente a casos de embarazo en adolescentes de la Unidad Educativa Picoazá
Authors: Alcivar Medranda Eva , Zamora Zambrano Tania Liceth
Published: September 2021

El trabajo social, como disciplina que en sus prácticas afronta la problemática del embarazo adolescente en forma integral. El objetivo fue identificar el trabajo social y resiliencia frente casos de embarazo en adolescentes de la unidad educativa Picoaza, Ecuador. La investigación consideró el método científico, deductivo y analítico, nivel descriptivo con enfoque mixto, se utilizó como instrumento la guía de entrevista y la Escala de Resiliencia SV-RES de Eugenio Saavedra Guajardo y Marcos Villalta Paucar la cual se aplicó de manera online a la trabajadora social del Departamento de Consejería Estudiantil DECE y a estudiantes embarazadas. De acuerdo a los resultados, el 53 % de estudiantes se considera con valores, lo que permite identificar un adecuado estado de aceptación, mientras que con el 27 % un importante grupo se considera temeroso o débil, lo que puede dar pautas a posibles desajustes de comportamiento, con el 13 % indican ser valiente y tener fortaleza y con el 7 % se consideran optimista ante cualquier cambio en sus vidas.  Por otro lado, las acciones que desarrolla la profesional en trabajo social de la unidad educativa, deben ser coordinadas con el equipo técnico profesional del departamento de bienestar estudiantil, quienes en conjunto desarrollen estrategias, que fomenten la autoestima.
Phygitally Yours: Examination of Virtual Reality Experiences in Digital Sports and Recreational Games
Authors: Yüce Arif , Aydoğdu Volkan , Gökce Yüce Sevda , Katırcı Hakan
Published: September 2021

The demand for, and investment in digital virtual reality (VR) games, both by companies and consumers, are increasing day by day. Accordingly, understanding the experiences created by VR within the scope of phygital marketing is important in terms of contributing to virtual experiential marketing, marketing communication, recreation and similar fields. The concept of phygital, expresses the integral wholeness of the digital and physical. And ‘Phygitally Yours’ refers to individuals who can live in their own phygital worlds in today's technologies. The aim of this study was to examine the experiences created by digital games involving sports and recreational content within the scope of phygital marketing. Eight individuals who did not have any prior VR experience played digital games with sports (Grand Turismo Sport) and recreational (VR Worlds) content using VR glasses. Subsequently, in-depth interviews were conducted. The data were analysed using the content analysis method, and thematic codes and concepts were revealed and interpreted. As a result of the research, it was determined that the participants' first VR experience of digital games involved the dimensions of sense, interaction, pleasure and flow, with the following codes emerging: perfect holistic effect, showroom feeling, understandable, competition, magic, gorgeous, dilemma, and place independent behaviour.
Maternal characteristics and infant and young child feeding in Benghazi
Authors: Balo N. N. , Shembesh N. M. , Singh R.
Published: September 2021

Two hundred [200] mothers consecutively attending Al-Fateh Paediatric Hospital, Benghazi in 1992 were interviewed. The majority of women were under 30 years of age, had primary or no education, were housewives, had no experience of pregnancy wastage or child loss, used no contraception, had one to three living children, had information about breast-feeding from the mother-in-law, a relative or a neighbour, considered breast-feeding a natural way, nutritionally superior and hygienic, and practised mixed feeding. The reasons for introducing artificial feeding were maternal in 49.7% of cases, filial [related to the baby] in 36.5% and due to social pressure in 13.8%. Measures for successful breast-feeding are emphasized
Causes of death among Syrian children using verbal autopsy
Authors: Abou Rashid N. , Al Jirf S. , Bashour H.
Published: September 2021

The causes of death in children under five years were studied using a structured verbal autopsy questionnaire. Possible determinants of death were also investigated. About 44% of deaths were among neonates [below 28 days of age] ; the major causes of death in neonates were prematurity [33%] and birth-related factors [30%]. In infants [1-11 months of age], the leading cause of death was congenital malformations [24%]. Accidents were responsible for one-third of deaths in children aged 1-4 years. Factors that might have contributed to death were investigated. The public health importance of causes of death was evaluated and its implications were discussed
Knowledge and attitudes about reproductive health and HIV/AIDS among family planning clients
Authors: Abdel Megeid Ali , El Sheikh Sawsan , El Ginedy Mervat , El Araby Mohammed
Published: September 2021

The knowledge of and attitudes towards reproductive health, and in particular STDs and AIDS, were assessed in 4000 women attending primary health care/family planning facilities in Alexandria, Egypt. In all, 66% did not know the significance of the term reproductive health and 50% considered female circumcision necessary. Of the 69% of women using contraceptives, 93% were using interuterine devices. The majority knew about AIDS but did not know that the use of condoms can prevent transmission of STDs, including HIV. A comprehensive programme should be initiated to increase public awareness of the issues of reproductive health
Evaluation of an integrated approach to schistosomiasis control in a resettlement area west of Alexandria
Authors: Farag H. F.
Published: September 2021

A six-day workshop was conducted to develop trainers in mental health by providing physicians participating √Æn th√© programme wtth th√© necessary educationa!knowledge and skills. A significant improvement was observed in th√© participants’ knowledge and skiils after th√© workshop. A significant corr√©lation waa found between th√© increase in knowledge and that of performance. The innrease was affected neithar by th√© years of work experienca nor by th√© postgraduate degree heid This observed benefit and th√© satisfaction expressed by participants encourage th√© replication of such a programme in order to develop qualified health personnel capable of expanding mental health services for children
Immunization coverage of children aged 24–35 months in the Islamic Republic of Iran: a national cluster coverage survey
Authors: Zahraei Seyed Mohsen , Izadi Shahrokh , Gouya Mohammad Mehdi , Shahri Seyed Mohammad Hashemi , Mohammadi Mahdi
Published: September 2021

Background: Although vaccination coverage against a disease is not exactly the same as community immunity against that disease, it is undoubtedly directly related to it and provides an estimate of the coherence and efficacy of community health infrastructure. Aims: To evaluate the vaccination coverage of children throughout the Islamic Republic of Iran in 2019. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. A probability proportional to size cluster sampling method was used and the vaccination data of 8682 children aged 24–35 months were collected in the form of 1447 clusters, each comprising six participants. Only valid data, including vaccination card or electronic health files, were used. The results were reported in the form of descriptive tables. Results: Overall, 97.82% of Iranian participants (8068 of 8248) and 90.32% of non-Iranian participants (392 of 434) had received all essential childhood vaccination by the time of interview. In total, 93.02% of all participants had presentable vaccination cards, and the immunization history of 535 (6.16%) children was retrieved using their electronic health files. The dropout rate between receiving pentavalent vaccine 1 and pentavalent vaccine 3 was 0.01%. In 29 provinces, vaccination coverage was ≥ 95%. In the other two provinces, the figure was 93.30%. Conclusion: Immunization coverage of children aged 24–35 months fully complied with eradication/elimination goals of vaccine-preventable diseases. In 2019, measles and rubella elimination was certified in the Islamic Republic of Iran. However, non-Iranian residents with immunization coverage < 95% constitute a high-risk group for possible outbreaks.
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI KEPALA SEKOLAH DAN SUPERVISI PENGAWAS TERHADAP KINERJA SEKOLAH PADA KELOMPOK BERMAIN DAN TAMAN KANAK-KANAK DI KECAMATAN BOJA KABUPATEN KENDAL
Authors: Hartati Sri , Yuliejantiningsih Yovitha
Published: September 2021

Tujuan penelitianini adalah untuk : 1). untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja sekolah. 2) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh supervise pengawas terhadap kinerja sekolah. 3) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi kepala sekolah dan supervise pengawas secara bersama-sama terhadap kinerja sekolah pada Kelompok Bermain dan Taman kanak-kanak di Kecamatan Boja Kabupaten Kendal.Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh guru Kelompok Bermain dan dan Taman kanak - kanak se-Kecamatan Boja Kabupaten Kendal yang berjumlah 65 di wilayah Kecamatan Boja Kabupaten Kendal. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik total sampling dari sampel sebanyak 65 sampel diambil secara keseluruhan. Variabel dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari variable bebas yaitu kompetensi kepala sekolah dan supervise pengawas sedangkan variable terikatnya kinerja sekolah. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan kuesioner.Teknik analisis datanya menggunakan analisis regresi sederhana dan regresi berganda. Sebelum menguji dengan analisis regresi, terlebih dulu digunakan uji prasyarat analisis data dengan menggunakan uji normalitas, linieritas dan multikolinieritas dengan  α = 0,05 %).Temuan penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan dari kompetensi kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja sekolah sebesar 58.60%%. 2) Terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan dari supervisi pengawas terhadap kinerja sekolah sebesar  56.80%. 3) Terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan secara bersama-sama antara kompetensi kepala sekolah dan supervisi pengawas terhadap kinerja sekolah sebesar 67.60%. Saran yang dapat disampaikan adalah kepada pengawas sekolah untuk memberikan pengetahuan kepada para guru dan kepala sekolah tentang pengelolaan pembelajaran yang tepat dan sesuai dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan. Sehingga dengan demikian akan memberikan dampak yang baik terhadap kinerja sekolah yang tercermin dalam mutu pendidikan itu sendiri.
MANAJEMEN PROGRAM ADIWIYATA DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA NEGERI 1 MIJEN KABUPATEN DEMAK
Authors: Hastuti Puji Indah Diah , Murniati Ngurah Ayu Nyoman , Haryati Titik
Published: September 2021

Keterlaksanaan suatu program termasuk adiwiyata membutuhkan pengelolaan/ manajemen yang tepat, jika fungsi-fungsi manajemen dapat dilaksanakan, maka program kerja akan dapat terlaksana dengan efektif dan efesien, demikian sebaliknya program adiwiyata tanpa manajemen yang tepat akan berdampak terhadap kegagalan program tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisisis 1) perencanaan program adiwiyata di Sekolah Menengah Pertama  Negeri 1 Mijen Kabupaten Demak, 2) pengorganisasian program adiwiyata di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 1 Mijen Kabupaten Demak, 3) pelaksanaan program adiwiyata di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 1 Mijen Kabupaten Demak, dan 4) pengawasan program adiwiyata di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 1 Mijen Kabupaten Demak. Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data adalah wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. analisis data kualitatif model Miles, Huberman dan Saldana meliputi Pengumpulan data/data collection. kondensasi data/data condensation, data display, conclusion drawing/ verification. Uji keabsahan data meliputi validitas internal, validitas eksternal, reliabilitas, obyektivitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 1) Perencanaan program adiwiyata meliputi menyusun RKAS,  menyusun dan mengembangkan kurikulum terintegrasi dengan PRLH, menyusun pelatihan guru untuk integrasi materi 3R dalam mapel, menyusun program kegiatan berwawasan lingkungan, membentuk kader Adiwiyata, perencanana pada aspek partisipasi dan kerjasama. 2) Pengorganisasian program adiwiyata meliputi membentuk kepengurusan TIM adiwiyata, kepengurusan TIM adiwiyata dibentuk selama masa periode satu tahun, pengorganisasian program adiwiyata membagi tugas dengan mengukur kompetensi dan kelayakan sesuai dengan TUPOKSI, koordinasi dan komunikasi antar Pokja untuk melakukan sinergitas kerja, 3)  Pelaksanaan program adiwiyata meliputi a) pembelajaran yang mengintegrasikan Penerapan PRLH b) Penerapan PRLH untuk masyarakat di lingkungan luar sekolah, c)  Membentuk jejaring kerja dan komunikasi, d) Kampanye dan publikasi Gerakan PBLHS, e)  Membentuk dan memberdayakan Kader Adiwiyata. 4) Pengawasan pelaksanaan program Adiwiyata meliputi pengawasan secara internal dan eksternal. Pengawas internal yaitu kepala sekolah dengan pengawasan secara langsung dan tidak langsung. Pengawas eksternal dari BLH (Badan Lingkungan Hidup) dan komite sekolah.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI KERJA GURU DAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI SEKOLAH TERHADAP KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL GURU SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI DI KECAMATAN TEGAL SELATAN KOTA TEGAL
Authors: Muchroji Muchroji , Rasiman Rasiman , Abdullah Ghufron
Published: September 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh: (1) motivasi kerja guru terhadap kompetensi profesional guru, (2) budaya organisasi sekolah terhadap kompetensi profesional guru, (3) motivasi kerja guru dan budaya organisasi sekolah secara simultan terhadap kompetensi profesional guru pada Sekolah Dasar di Dabin II Kecamatan Margadana Kota Tegal.Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, dari populasi 107 guru SDN di Kecamatan Tegal Selatan Kota Tegal diambil sampel sebanyak 78 responden dipilih dengan teknik proporsional random sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik dan uji regresi menggunakan SPSS versi 17 for Windows.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Hasil uji regresi sederhana variabel X1 terhadap Y diperoleh nilai korelasi (r) = 0,865, berarti korelasi sangat kuat, dengan Adjusted R2 = 0,727 artinya besarnya pengaruh motivasi kerja guru terhadap kompetensi profesional guru sebesar 74,5%. (2) Hasil uji regresi sederhana variabel X2 terhadap Y diperoleh nilai korelasi (r) = 0,849, berarti korelasi sangat kuat, dengan Adjusted R2 = 0,717 artinya besarnya pengaruh budaya organisasi sekolah terhadap kompetensi profesional guru sebesar 71,7%. (3) Hasil uji regresi ganda diperoleh nilai korelasi (r) = 0,899 dan nilai Adjusted R2 = 0,803, artinya besarnya pengaruh variabel X1 dan X2 terhadap Y sebesar 80,3%. Persamaan regresi variabel X1 dan X2 terhadap Y adalah Ŷ= 0,164 + 0,547 X1 + 0,416 X2. Simpulan penelitian terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan motivasi kerja guru dan budaya organisasi sekolah secara simultan terhadap kompetensi profesional guru.
PERAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM PENINGKATAN MUTU DI MTs JATIREJO, KECAMATAN AMPELGADING, KABUPATEN PEMALANG
Authors: Astuti Cici , Nurkolis Nurkolis
Published: September 2021

Kepala sekolah manager dan supervisor sangat berperan dalam peningkatan mutu sekolah, salah satunya dengan menetapkan program dibidang akademik dan nonakademik serta meningkatkan sarana dan prasarana sekolah. Kepala sekolah merencanakan, mengorganisasikan, melaksanakan, memimpin dan mengendalikan sekolah serta mendayagunakan seluruh sumber daya sekolah dalam rangka mencapai peningkatan mutu sekolah. Kepala sekolah mempengaruhi kemampuan guru dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran sehingga tujuan sekolah dapat tercapai secara optimal.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu Kepala Sekolah, Wakil Kepala Sekolah, Guru, Ketua Komite Sekolah dan Siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Uji keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan metode. Analisis data menggunakan analisis kualitatif yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan.          Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Peran Kepala Sekolah sebagai manager memberdayakan guru, karyawan, siswa dan komite sekolah secara kooperatif, memberi kesempatan tenaga pendidik dan kependidikan meningkatkan profesinya serta mendorong keterlibatan seluruh warga sekolah dalam mendukung program sekolah. Sebagai supervisor kepala sekolah MTs. Jatirejo telah melakukan supervisi akademik, mengadakan perbaikan proses belajar mengajar, mengadakan observasi kelas, melaksanakan pertemuan individual dengan guru untuk meningkatkan profesi guru, menyediakan waktu dan melayani bagi guru dalam pemecahan masalah proses belajar mengajar, menyediakan dukungan dan suasana dalam perbaikan dan peningkatan mutu proses belajar mengajar, mengevaluasi hasil belajar secara komprehensif.
Interruptions and politeness in David Letterman show “my guest no need introduction” Shah Rukh Khan episode
Authors: Sumanti Christiani Tiwi , Bram Barli
Published: September 2021

This paper analyzed interruptions and politeness in the David Letterman Show. The data were collected from the show “My Guest No Need Introduction.” The study was qualitative research, and the data were  analyzed and then classified into types of interruptions. Results showed 32 interruptions in the conversation uttered by two speakers in the show, more specifically 26 times of overlap interruptions, three times of simple interruptions, twice of silent interruptions, and once of butting-in interruption. It can be concluded that, first, the appropriate interruptions display positive strategies of politeness in the David Letterman Show. Interruptions could be done for a specific purpose to strengthen the bond between two speakers and to avoid misunderstanding.  Second, the interruptions show politeness in conversation. Politeness appears to clarify statements to prevent misunderstandings between cultures.DOI: 10.26905/enjourme.v6i1.5962
O primeiro de todos os Sacramentos: compadrio e escravidão numa vila não exportadora (Castro, Capitania de São Paulo, c.1789-1836)
Authors: Assis Vinícius Augusto Andrade de
Published: September 2021

A análise sistemática dos registros paroquiais de batismo permite um aprofundamento em questões sobre variáveis demográficas, a geografia política pelos padrinhos preferenciais, a condição jurídica ou qualidade social dos sujeitos registrados, as estratégias e as escolhas na relação de compadrio, de modo a reconhecer as dinâmicas e hierarquias numa sociedade escravista moldada nos valores do Antigo Regime. Nesse artigo, proponho discutir algumas questões sobre escravidão e hierarquia social a partir dos compadrios estabelecidos na vila de Castro, em princípios do século XIX. Para tanto, parto de uma amostra dos batismos de escravizados, focalizando o microscópio para as fazendas Jaguariaíva e Caxambu, pertencentes ao Coronel Luciano Carneiro Lobo e ao tropeiro Francisco Xavier da Silva. Paralelamente, manipulei listas nominativas de habitantes e maços de população.
Igreja Católica e Movimento Negro: a Missa dos Quilombos do Recife (1981)
Authors: Bezerra de Carvalho André Eduardo , Chaves Flores Elio
Published: September 2021

O artigo procura contar a história da Missa dos Quilombos, na cidade do Recife, no dia 22 de novembro de 1981. Considera-se que a Igreja Progressista, cujos bispos e padres eram sensíveis à Teologia da Libertação, tentaram se aproximar dos anseios e lutas dos movimentos negros, organizados e ativos desde o início da década de 1970. A participação de um bispo negro, Dom José Maria Pires, a produção musical de Milton Nascimento e o protagonismo de setores do Movimento Negro do Recife conferem à celebração um teor de “interculturalidade”. A Missa dos Quilombos de 1981 teve caráter eucarístico, mas uma vez proibida pelo Vaticano, pela ação da direita católica pernambucana, não conseguiu se constituir como “missa negra”. Uma versão dessa perspectiva teria sido alcançada na apresentação dos Arcos da Lapa, em 1988, no Rio de Janeiro, organizada pelo MNU-RJ. No início do século XXI, a partir de 2002, consolidou-se como dramaturgia crítica às novas escravidões do mundo do trabalho. O artigo se fixa na “primeira Missa dos Quilombos” (1981) utilizando-se de fontes da imprensa, documentos da Missa (Homilia, músicas, disco e encarte de 1982), entrevistas de ativistas negros do Recife e depoimentos de Dom Pedro Casaldáliga, Pedro Tierra, Milton Nascimento e, especialmente, de Dom José Maria Pires, celebrante da Missa dos Quilombos. Dois documentários permitiram citar e analisar esses testemunhos: A Missa dos Quilombos (TV Senado, 2006) e A História da Primeira Missa dos Quilombos (UNICAP, 2009). Problematiza-se a questão de que a Missa dos Quilombos se tornou um cenário de disputa entre setores progressistas e conservadores da Igreja Católica e mesmo entre setores dos movimentos negros. Um fator pernambucano parece que foi decisivo para isso, a base hegemônica da ideologia da mestiçagem, dita e repetida, à exaustão, por intelectuais recifenses.
Radiofonia espírita na cidade do Rio de Janeiro: organização, financiamento e objetivos
Authors: Oliveira Marco Aurélio Gomes de
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo aborda um aspecto pouco conhecido da história da radiofonia brasileira: o investimento que alguns adeptos do Espiritismo, ligados à imprensa doutrinária e às entidades federativas, fizeram na radiofonia. Nele são recuperados os programas levados ao ar, seus responsáveis e aqueles que prestaram apoio moral e material. Também são analisados seus objetivos e expectativas quanto à utilização do rádio enquanto ferramenta de divulgação dos seus pontos de vista doutrinários. Além disso, são estudadas as estratégias de financiamento que os responsáveis pelos programas radiofônicos lançaram mão.
O sucessor do Barão em debate: Oswaldo Aranha pela historiografia
Authors: Oliveira Jônatan Coutinho da Silva de
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal a abordagem comparativa entre a historiografia sobre os estudos da política externa brasileira durante o período da Era Vargas (1930-1945) centrada na visão que os respectivos autores possuem sobre a participação do embaixador (1934-1937) e chanceler (1938-1944) Oswaldo Aranha. Esta historiografia pode ser dividida em três temas que se entrecruzam em diferentes momentos históricos de modo a estabelecer de forma mais didática a comparação entre os autores assim como para perceber avanços e permanências nas interpretações dadas sobre o tema. Com isso, pode-se perceber importantes linhas interpretativas sobre a atuação de Oswaldo Aranha, considerado valioso player político e decisivo na política externa brasileira por uma historiografia mais tradicional, bem como algumas inovações interpretativas advindas de novas pesquisas em anos mais recentes que relativizam e contestam a autonomia do principal sucessor do Barão do Rio Branco.
Do Relatório Rockefeller ao Comitê de Santa Fé: a Igreja Católica da América Latina ante a desconfiança do tio Sam (1969-2000)
Authors: Santos Osnar Gomes dos
Published: September 2021

O artigo que segue pretende analisar formulações geopolíticas norte-americanas contra as inclinações progressistas da Igreja Católica na América Latina. Formulações elaboradas entre os anos de 1969, quando foi publicado o relatório Rockefeller, e 2000, ano de lançamento do último documento de Santa Fé. O relatório Rockefeller foi publicado após a visita do então governador de Nova York, Nelson Rockefeller, à América Latina. Algumas de suas linhas trataram de uma suposta penetração subversiva na Igreja Católica latino-americana. Essa crença motivou a desconfiança de próceres da Casa Branca sobre a Igreja naquele continente. Alguns anos depois surgiu o Comitê de Santa Fé. Este potencializou as suspeitas sobre inclinações da Igreja Católica, entendidas enquanto ameaças aos interesses geopolíticos norte-americanos. A fim de analisar algumas das estratégias montadas para arrefecer o impulso reformador de frentes católicas, será necessário incorporar ao trabalho estudos sobre as doutrinas de segurança dos Estados Unidos. Ademais, chaves explicativas de sociólogos da religião, como Michael Löwy, serão importantes para o artigo. Tendo em vista o interesse em compreender a complexidade das hostilidades sofridas pela Igreja ante a ofensiva da Casa Branca no período mencionado.
“Renovar na continuidade”. A procura de uma administração para o desenvolvimento num país a duas velocidades (1950-1965)
Authors: Azevedo Ana Carina
Published: September 2021

Em 1967 foi criado em Portugal o Secretariado da Reforma Administrativa, iniciando um projeto global de reforma da Administração Pública. Porém, as bases da sua criação e do projeto de reforma apresentado começam a desenvolver-se desde o início da década de 1950, profundamente enredados e dependentes da conjuntura nacional e internacional da época. Este artigo analisa o longo percurso de procura de uma Administração Pública virada para o desenvolvimento económico que tem lugar nos quinze anos anteriores à constituição do Grupo de Trabalho n.º 14, que viria a potenciar a criação do Secretariado da Reforma Administrativa. Baseando-se em documentação de arquivo, publicações coevas, debates parlamentares e na legislação promulgada, o artigo pretende demonstrar que este processo decorre quer dos novos desafios do pós-guerra, quer das tensões internas do Estado Novo. Tensões que oscilam entre o voluntarismo dos desenvolvimentistas que viam no fomento económico uma condição para a sobrevivência do regime e o receio face aos pressupostos de um crescimento económico que pudesse escapar ao que era desejável.