bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract IA32: Commensal microorganisms and polymorphic mucosal surfaces determine the evolution of distal metastatic tumors
Authors: Rutkowski Melanie R. , Conejo-Garcia Jose R.
Published: May 2016

Humans are symbiotic organisms in which bacteria outnumber eukaryotic cells in a ratio of 10 to 1. Interactions between commensal microorganisms and immune cells at mucosal surfaces forge the orchestration of a robust immune system that is able to defend us from infections. Critical for these interactions are pattern recognition receptors, including TLRs, which exhibit functional polymorphisms in at least 30% of individuals in the general population.

We show that TLR5 recognition of commensal bacteria drives malignant progression at distant, extra-mucosal locations by promoting systemic up-regulation of IL-6, which is further increased through an autocrine loop in reactive tumor cells and drives MDSC mobilization. MDSCs expanded in response to systemic IL-6 elevation produce adenosine to transform T cells into immunosuppressive players that secrete higher levels of galectin-1 on a per cell basis than any other cell type in the tumor microenvironment.

In contrast, in TLR5-unresponsive individuals, there is systemic up-regulation of IL-17 during tumor development. However, this is only relevant for tumor growth when tumors generate relatively low levels of circulating IL-6, resulting in accelerated malignant progression in the absence of TLR5 signaling.

Importantly, depletion of commensal bacteria abrogates any variations in tumor progression and has opposite effects in tumors that grow faster in TLR5-competent individuals (delaying malignant progression) vs. tumors that progress faster in the absence of TLR5 signaling (where malignant progression is accelerated).

Shockingly, depletion of commensal bacteria has opposite effects in the progression of primary vs. metastatic breast tumors, thus opening new avenues to understand breast cancer recurrence and tumor dormancy.

Together, our data indicate that both tumor-promoting inflammation and anti-tumor immunity are influenced by TLR5 signaling, which depends on a common genetic polymorphism in cancer patients.

Citation Format: Melanie R. Rutkowski, Jose R. Conejo-Garcia. Commensal microorganisms and polymorphic mucosal surfaces determine the evolution of distal metastatic tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR Inaugural International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 16-19, 2015; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA32.
Abstract IA33: Biofilms, genetics, and colon cancer
Authors: Sears Cynthia L.
Published: May 2016

The colonic microbiota perhaps aided by specific bacterial species is hypothesized to contribute to colon cancer pathogenesis. Potential mechanisms include induction of mucosal pro-carcinogenic immune responses and the biologic action of specific microbial, particularly bacterial, virulence factors. Among specific bacterial species, Escherichia coli possessing the pks island with the DNA-damaging colibactin toxin, Fusobacterium nucleatum and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) that secretes the DNA-damaging B. fragilis toxin are carcinogenic species of particular interest. To address the hypothesis that microbial species or communities contribute to CRC pathogenesis, we are prospectively studying the microbial associations of human CRC together with parameters of mucosal immunity. The epidemiology of specific putative carcinogenic bacterial species and the relationship of mucosal bacterial communities that invade the inner mucus layer of the colon, known as biofilms, to sporadic and hereditary colon cancers will be discussed. Integration of new knowledge about the microbiota and colon cancer will inform current hypotheses on disease pathogenesis as well as future approaches to the prevention and possibly treatment of colon cancer.

Citation Format: Cynthia L. Sears. Biofilms, genetics, and colon cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR Inaugural International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 16-19, 2015; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA33.
Abstract IA46: Towards implementation of T-cell therapy in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Offringa Rienk , Poschke Isabel , Volkmar Michael , Strobel Oliver , Bergmann Frank , Halama Niels , Jäger Dirk , Sahin Ugur , Büchler Markus
Published: May 2016

In contrast to the general belief that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a poorly immunogenic tumor, we found cumulative evidence for an adaptive immune response in this aggressive cancer type. Immunohistochemistry reveals prominent T-cell infiltrates in the majority (~ 70%) of tumor biopsies, and these tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be isolated and expanded ex vivo with similar efficiency as those isolated from melanoma. Furthermore, comparison of the T-cell receptor repertoire between TIL and PBMC isolates from patients points at the selective expansion of T-cell subsets in the tumors. Finally, in ~ 50% of tumor specimen, T-cell infiltration is accompanied by the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures that comprise areas rich in CD3+ T-cells and CD208+ dendritic cells as well as areas rich in B-cells and follicular dendritic cells.

Based on these findings, our current efforts aim at:

- Evaluating neoadjuvant treatment with agonist immunostimulatory antibodies as a means to mobilize this pre-existing immune response in patients with primary resectable disease*

- Analysis of the anti-tumor reactivity and antigen-specificity of TCR-species that are prominently enriched in the tumor as compared to PBMC.

- Exploration of TIL therapy for treatment of recurrent disease.

* Clinical trial in context of FP7 EU IACT program; Immunostimulatory Antibodies for Cancer Treatment

Citation Format: Rienk Offringa, Isabel Poschke, Michael Volkmar, Oliver Strobel, Frank Bergmann, Niels Halama, Dirk Jäger, Ugur Sahin, Markus Büchler. Towards implementation of T-cell therapy in pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR Inaugural International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 16-19, 2015; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA46.
Abstract PR002: Durable complete response in a patient with metastatic melanoma following adoptive transfer of autologous T cells recognizing 10 mutated tumor antigens
Authors: Prickett Todd D. , Crystal Jessica , Gartner Jared , Yao Xin , Pasetto Anna , Gros Alena , Lu Yong-Chen , Li Yong F. , El-Gamil Mona , Rosenberg Steven A. , Robbins Paul
Published: May 2016

Durable complete response rates of 20% have been observed in clinical trials of patients with metastatic melanoma employing adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of patient derived tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Here we provide a detailed analysis of the response of TIL administered to a patient with metastatic melanoma who exhibited a complete response ongoing greater than 3 years. Using whole-exome and RNA-Seq sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of the patient's matched tumor and normal gDNA we identified over 4,000 non-synonymous somatic mutation variants. We screened 745 somatically mutated genes using tandem minigene constructs expressing transcripts expressed in autologous tumor cells whose expression levels were greater than 0.1% of the levels of beta actin. These tandem minigenes were then transfected into autologous B cells and then analyzed for their ability to stimulate the administered T cells. Our results indicated that the autologous TIL distinctly recognized 10 somatically mutated gene products, each of which was recognized in the context of three different HLA class I restriction elements expressed by the patient's tumor. Detailed T cell clonal analysis revealed that 9 of the top 20 most prevalent clones present in the infused TIL, comprised over ¼ of total infused cells and recognized mutated antigens. These results further supported our efforts to identify and enrich mutation-reactive T cells for the treatment of patients with metastatic cancer.

Citation Format: Todd D. Prickett, Jessica Crystal, Jared Gartner, Xin Yao, Anna Pasetto, Alena Gros, Yong-Chen Lu, Yong F. Li, Mona El-Gamil, Steven A. Rosenberg, Paul Robbins. Durable complete response in a patient with metastatic melanoma following adoptive transfer of autologous T cells recognizing 10 mutated tumor antigens. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR Inaugural International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 16-19, 2015; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PR002.
Abstract PR003: Hypoxia is an essential driver of immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Ai Midan , Budhani Pratha , Curran Michael A.
Published: May 2016

Tumor hypoxia predicts poor outcomes across all cancers and has long been recognized as a critical source of resistance to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Despite the success of T cell immune checkpoint blockade in treating melanoma, aggressive adenocarcinomas of the prostate and pancreas are largely resistant to CTLA-4 and PD-1 antibody therapy in the mouse and in man. We find that hypoxic zones of these tumors resist infiltration by T cells even in the context of robust infiltration of normoxic areas of the same tumor (e.g. in the context of T cell checkpoint blockade). Beyond this lack of accessibility to tumor-specific T cells, hypoxia drives the establishment of a highly interdependent network of immunosuppressive stromal cells. Among these, we find myeloid-derived suppressor cells and myofibroblasts to be the critical populations which act together to suppress T cell responses and mediate immunotherapy resistance.

Using the hypoxia-specific prodrug Evofosfamide, we show that disruption of hypoxia in both transplantable and genetically-engineered murine models of prostate cancer sensitizes them to antibody blockade of CTLA-4 and PD-1. Loss of immune resistance is a consequence of re-oxygenation of hypoxia zones which results in 1) loss of myeloid suppressors, 2) reduced capacity to suppressively polarize new myeloid immigrants, and 3) loss of suppressive activation of myofibroblasts. This combination of hypoxia disruption and T cell checkpoint blockade has immense potential to render some of the most therapeutically resistant cancers sensitive to immunotherapy.

Citation Format: Midan Ai, Pratha Budhani, Michael A. Curran. Hypoxia is an essential driver of immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR Inaugural International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 16-19, 2015; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PR003.
Changes in Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Obstructive Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yu Ji-guo , Mei Zhong-ming , Ye Ting , Feng Yi-fan , Zhao Fang , Jia Jun , Fu Xun-an , Xiang Yi
Published: May 2016

Purpose: To evaluate and compare changes in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods: The Cochrane Library, Medline, and Embase were screened using our key words. Results were carefully reviewed to ensure that the included studies met the inclusion/exclusion criteria, and the quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. All included studies categorized patients with OSAHS into 3 groups (mild, moderate, and severe), and measured average and 4-quadrant (temporal, superior, nasal, and inferior) RNFL thickness. All studies included a healthy control group. The weighted mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the continuous outcomes. Results: Ten case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis, consisting of a total of 811 OSAHS group and 868 healthy eyes. A meta-analysis of the data showed that the average RNFL thicknesses in the mild, moderate, and severe OSAHS groups were significantly decreased compared to healthy controls. Additionally, RNFL thickness was significantly reduced in all but the temporal quadrant in the moderate and severe OSAHS groups when compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: On the basis of these results, we suggest that peripapillary RNFL thickness as measured by optical coherence tomography could be a useful tool to monitor and assess the severity of OSAHS in patients. Further studies are required in order to differentiate these RNFL changes from glaucomatous changes. This has not been properly examined in any of the studies we were able to identify.
Identificação de Cooperia punctata (Linstow, 1907) resistente a ivermectina e doramectina em um rebanho leiteiro no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Cardoso José Márcio Sbruzzi , Martins Isabella Vilhena Freire , Sant'anna Flávio Barros , Correia Thaís Ribeiro , Tancredi Ian Philippo , Coumendouros Katherina , Tancredi Michelle Goldan de Freitas , Scott Fabio Barbour , Grisi Laerte
Published: May 2016

Resistência antihelmíntica é um problema potencial para o controle de nematodas em bovinos e pode causar perdas econômicas na indústria de bovinos leiteiros e de cortes. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a eficácia da ivermectina, doramectna e abamectina em bezerros infectados naturalmente e experimentalmente para Cooperia punctata em um rebanho bovino leiteiro. Testes de redução da contagem de ovos fecais foram conduzidos em bezerros infectados naturalmente que foram tratados com soluções injetáveis de ivermectina, doramectina e abamectina. Amostras fecais foram colhidas no dia do tratamento, dia 0, e nos dias 7 e 14 após o tratamento e cultura de larvas foram feitas nas amostras positivas. Um teste controlado foi realizado usando 18 bezerros infectados artificialmente,alocados em três grupos com seis animais cada: Grupo I - controle, sem tratamento; Grupo II - ivermectina, solução injetável, 200µg/kg; Grupo III - doramectina, solução injetável, 200µg/kg. Amostras fecais foram colhidas no dia do tratamento, dia 0, e nos dias 3, 7, 9 e 14 após o tratamento. Nos dias 14, 15 e 16, dois animais de cada grupo foram eutanaziados e cargas de parasitos pulmonares e gastrintestinais foram determinados. Os resultados dos testes de redução da contagem de ovos fecais em bezerros infectados naturalmente mostraram redução no dia 14 após o tratamento de - 4,45 a 11,49% para ivermectina; 32.31 a 60.40% para doramectina e 85,05% para abamectina. O único parasito identificado na cultura de larvas foi Cooperia spp. O Teste Controlado mostrou uma redução da contagem de ovos fecais no dia 14 após o tratamento de 51.47% e 96.08% para ivermectina e doramectina, respectivamente. Redução da contagem de adultos neste teste controlado foi de 53.91% e 82.43% para ivermectina e doramectina, respectivamente. Somente C. punctata foi recuperado nas necropsias. Assim, esta cepa de C. punctata foi considerado resistente ao tratamento com ivermectina e doramectina e sugere uma possível resistência para abamectina pelo teste de redução da contagem de ovos fecais.
Endovascular Hypothermia in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Chen Jian , Liu Liqiang , Zhang Hongqi , Geng Xiaokun , Jiao Liqun , Li Guilin , Coutinho Jonathan M. , Ding Yuchuan , Liebeskind David S. , Ji Xunming
Published: May 2016

Background and Purpose—

We conducted a pilot feasibility and safety study of selective brain cooling with intra-arterial infusion of cold saline combined with endovascular reperfusion for acute ischemic stroke.

Methods—

Patients with large-vessel occlusion within 8 hours after symptom onset were enrolled. All patients received intra-arterial recanalization combined with infusion of cold isotonic saline (4°C) in the ischemic territory through the angiographic catheter.

Results—

Twenty-six patients underwent the procedure, which was technically successful in all. The temperature of ischemic cerebral tissue was decreased by at least 2°C during infusion of the cold solution, and systemic temperature was mildly reduced (maximum 0.3°C). No obvious complications related to intra-arterial hypothermia were observed.

Conclusions—

Selective brain cooling by intra-arterial infusion of cold saline combined with endovascular recanalization therapy in acute ischemic stroke seems feasible and safe.
Crocus heuffelianus (Iridaceae), a new record for the Italian flora
Authors: PERUZZI LORENZO
Published: May 2016

The genus Crocus Linnaeus (1753: 36) consists currently of about 200 recognized species occurring from western Europe and northwestern Africa to western China, with the center of species diversity in the Balkan Peninsula and in Turkey (Mathew 1982, Harpke et al. 2016). In the most recent comprehensive classification (Mathew 1982), which relied only on morphology, the genus is divided into two subgenera, the monotypic subgenus Crociris Mathew (1982: 116) and subgenus Crocus. The latter is divided into two sections, i.e. section Crocus and section Nudiscapus Mathew (1982: 61), and includes 15 series (section Crocus: six series; section Nudiscapus: nine series).
Impatiens pinganoensis (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Angola
Authors: ABRAHAMCZYK STEFAN , JANSSENS STEVEN , XIXIMA LÁZARO , DITSCH BARBARA , FISCHER EBERHARD
Published: May 2016

A new species, Impatiens pinganoensis is described from northern Angola. It belongs to the Impatiens filicornu complex and is closely related to I. filicornu from western central Africa, but differs in the decurrent petiole base, developing into cork ridges at older stems, its flower shape, i.e. the upper lateral petals laterally overtopping the lower lateral petals and by its characteristic white flowers with the mauve centre and wing-like pattern on the upper lateral petals. A table with flower characters of all species of the I. filicornu complex is presented for comparison. Additionally, some observations on the pollination and seed distribution are reported.
Electroluminescent Materials Can Further Enhance the Nighttime Conspicuity of Pedestrians Wearing Retroreflective Materials
Authors: Fekety Drea K. , Edewaard Darlene E. , Stafford Sewall Ashley A. , Tyrrell Richard A.
Published: May 2016

Objective:

We investigated the nighttime conspicuity benefits of adding electroluminescent (EL) panels to pedestrian clothing that contains retroreflective elements.

Background:

Researchers have repeatedly documented that pedestrians are too often not sufficiently conspicuous to drivers at night and that retroreflective materials can enhance the conspicuity of pedestrians. However, because retroreflective elements in clothing are effective only when they are illuminated by the headlamps of an approaching driver, they are not useful for pedestrians who are positioned outside the beam pattern of an approaching vehicle’s headlamps. Electroluminescent materials—flexible luminous panels that can be attached to clothing—have the potential to be well suited for these conditions.

Method:

Using an open-road course at night, we compared the distances at which observers responded to pedestrians who were positioned at one of three lateral positions (relative to the vehicle’s path) wearing one of two high-visibility garments.

Results:

The garment that included both EL and retroreflective materials yielded longer response distances than the retroreflective-only garment. This effect was particularly strong when the test pedestrian was positioned farthest outside of the area illuminated by headlamps.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that EL materials can further enhance the conspicuity of pedestrians who are wearing retroreflective materials.

Application:

EL materials can be applied to garments. They may be especially valuable to enhance the conspicuity of roadway workers, emergency responders, and traffic control officers.
Andrés Wood’s Machuca and Violeta Went to Heaven
Authors: Vilches Patricia
Published: May 2016

A suppressed collective memory of the 1960s and early 1970s is now emergent among all Chileans, at home and abroad, including those who once wished to forget or to deny the violence, division, and injustice of the Chilean dictatorship. The treatment of class conflict and social division in two films directed by Andrés Wood— Machuca and Violeta Went to Heaven—has contributed to this awakening, pointing out that cultural experiences and economic destiny in Chile have been determined by divided geographical spaces.

La memoria colectiva de los años 60 y principios de los 70 en Chile, que había estado suprimida hasta ahora, está surgiendo entre todos los chilenos, dentro y fuera del país, incluso entre aquellos que una vez desearon olvidar o negar la violencia, las divisiones y las injusticias de la dictadura chilena. El tratamiento de los conflictos de clase y las divisiones sociales en dos películas dirigidas por Andrés Wood— Machuca y Violeta se fue a los cielos—ha contribuido a este despertar, al señalar que las experiencias culturales y el destino económico de Chile han sido determinados por unos espacios geográficos divididos.
A Network Analysis of Leadership Theory
Authors: Meuser Jeremy D. , Gardner William L. , Dinh Jessica E. , Hu Jinyu , Liden Robert C. , Lord Robert G.
Published: May 2016

We investigated the status of leadership theory integration by reviewing 14 years of published research (2000 through 2013) in 10 top journals (864 articles). The authors of these articles examined 49 leadership approaches/theories, and in 293 articles, 3 or more of these leadership approaches were included in their investigations. Focusing on these articles that reflected relatively extensive integration, we applied an inductive approach and used graphic network analysis as a guide for drawing conclusions about the status of leadership theory integration. All 293 articles included in the analysis identified 1 focal theory that was integrated with 2 or more supporting leadership theories. The 6 leadership approaches most often appearing as the focal theory were transformational leadership, charismatic leadership, strategic leadership, leadership and diversity, participative/shared leadership, and the trait approach to leadership. On the basis of inductive reflections on our analysis, we make two key observations. First, the 49 focal leadership theories qualify as middle-range theories that are ripe for integration. Second, drawing from social network theory, we introduce the term “ theoretical neighborhood” to describe the focal theoretical networks. Our graphical inductive analyses reveal potential connections among neighboring middle-range leadership theories that merit investigation and, hence, identify promising future directions for achieving greater theoretical integration. We provide an online supplement with 10 additional leadership theory graphs and analyses: leadership in teams and decision groups, ethical leadership, leader and follower cognitions, leadership emergence, leadership development, emotions and leadership, implicit leadership, leader-member exchange, authentic leadership, and identity and identification process theories of leadership.
New channels for popular participation in China: The case of an environmental protection movement in Nanjing
Authors: Grano Simona A. , Zhang Yuheng
Published: May 2016

In the last five years China has passed new regulations and formulated new policies to target urban smog. Accordingly, several cities have sought to improve their public transportation systems to reduce the number of motor vehicles on the streets. In 2011 in Nanjing, during the construction of Line No. 3 of the subway system, several long-standing London plane trees in the city’s historical area were targeted for transplantation. This article focuses on the tree-hugging protest which was triggered by this event in 2011–12. While protesters framed their actions as tree protection and heritage conservation, this article is particularly interested in participatory approaches available to protesters, in light of certain recent developments in the environmental regulatory framework in China. Specifically, this article analyses a relatively new and less well-known tool for popular participation known as ‘green assessment’.
Tariff politics and congressional elections: exploring the Cannon Thesis
Authors: Clarke Andrew J , Jenkins Jeffery A , Lowande Kenneth S
Published: May 2016

While a number of studies have examined the politics of tariff decision-making in the United States, little work has examined the subsequent political effects of tariff policy. We help fill this gap in the literature by analyzing—both theoretically and empirically—the electoral implications of tariff revision. Specifically, we investigate the veracity of the Cannon Thesis—the proposition advanced by Speaker Joe Cannon in 1910 that the majority party in the U.S. House was punished when it made major revisions to the tariff. We find that from 1877 to 1934 major tariff revisions were, on average, associated with a significant loss of votes for majority-party members—both regionally and nationally—that translated into a loss of House seats. We find support for the notion that major tariff revisions generated inordinate uncertainty among various business interests, which the opposition party could then use (by leveraging fear and market instability) to mobilize its base and gain ground in the following election. Our results provide a new explanation for the delegation of tariff policymaking to the executive branch.
Accountability for a place in heaven: A stakeholders’ portrait in Verona’s confraternities
Authors: Moggi Sara , Filippi Vinicio , Leardini Chiara , Rossi Gina
Published: May 2016

This article describes the accountability features of confraternities in Verona during the “Long Seventeenth Century”. These charities, driven by a common and deep Christian spirit, played a pivotal role in a period of great depression, helping the local community. The accounts relating to their activities display precision and are rich in analytical detail, enabling the painting of a portrait of Verona’s confraternities and their economic and charitable actions as strictly bound by a spiritual aim. Using the stakeholder theory lens to analyse the archival documents of the 53 confraternities revealed by the Appraisal Book of 1682, this article highlights a complex network of relationships among these organizations and their stakeholders in light of their power, legitimacy and urgency attributes. We conclude that these confraternities’ accountability was the result of the most powerful stakeholders’ influence, and underlines confraternities’ pivotal role in supporting the poor in the local community and encouraging the salvation of souls, supporting their entrance into heaven.
How can mental health and faith-based practitioners work together? A case study of collaborative mental health in Gujarat, India
Authors: Shields Laura , Chauhan Ajay , Bakre Ravindra , Hamlai Milesh , Lynch Durwin , Bunders Joske
Published: May 2016

Despite the knowledge that people with mental illness often seek care from multiple healing systems, there is limited collaboration between these systems. Greater collaboration with existing community resources could narrow the treatment gap and reduce fragmentation by encouraging more integrated care. This paper explores the origins, use, and outcomes of a collaborative programme between faith-based and allopathic mental health practitioners in India. We conducted 16 interviews with key stakeholders and examined demographic and clinical characteristics of the user population. Consistent with previous research, we found that collaboration is challenging and requires trust, rapport-building, and open dialogue. The collaboration reached a sizeable population, was reviewed favourably by key stakeholders—particularly on health improvement and livelihood restoration—and perhaps most importantly, views the client holistically, allowing for both belief systems to play a shared role in care and recovery. Results support the idea that, despite differing practices, collaboration between faith-based and allopathic mental health practitioners can be achieved and can benefit clients with otherwise limited access to mental health care.
Just say no! (and mean it): Meaningful negation as a tool to modify automatic racial attitudes
Authors: Johnson India R. , Kopp Brandon M. , Petty Richard E.
Published: May 2016

The present research compared the effectiveness of meaningful negation—“That’s wrong”—and simple negation—“No”—to alter automatic prejudice. Participants were trained to negate prejudice-consistent or prejudice-inconsistent information, using either simple or meaningful negation, and completed an evaluative priming measure of racial prejudice before and after training. No significant changes in automatic prejudice in the simple negation conditions emerged. In contrast, those trained to negate prejudice-consistent information in a more meaningful way showed a significant decrease in automatic prejudice, whereas those trained to negate prejudice-inconsistent information meaningfully showed a significant increase. Study 2 revealed that these effects were driven by participants high in their motivation to control prejudiced reactions (MCPR), as they demonstrated the greatest changes in automatic prejudice following training. Contrary to research suggesting negation training is an ineffective means to reduce automatic racial prejudice, the present research suggests negation can be effective when the negation is meaningful.
Microstructural morphology of rheocast A319 aluminium alloy
Authors: Aziz Ahmad Muhammad , Omar Mohd Zaidi , Sajuri Zainuddin , Salleh Mohd Shukor
Published: May 2016

This article examines the evolution of the microstructure of A319 aluminium alloy as it flows along a cooling slope plate and discusses the type and influence of the intermetallic compounds thus formed. Numerous past research studies have analysed the microstructural transformation of alloys in a mould, but few researchers have investigated this phenomenon on the cooling slope plate. A change in the microstructure of the alloy from dendritic to non-dendritic is clearly obtained as the alloy moves from the impact zone to bottom zone on the cooling slope plate. It is important to clarify the mechanism of microstructural evolution through nucleation and fragmentation of the primary phase arm for fundamental understanding of research. Analysis by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope reveals the evolution of the microstructure and intermetallic compounds of A319 as it progresses along the cooling slope plate. The Vickers test was used to determine the hardness of the alloy thus produced. The results show the influence of the mould in obtaining a spheroidal microstructure; the microstructure in the bottom zone of the cooling slope plate is nearly spheroidal rather than fully spheroidal. The hardness of the alloy is enhanced when the microstructure is spheroidal and when the Mg2Si compound is present in the alloy.
The Effects of Anticipated Negative Feedback on Psychological States Among Narcissists
Authors: Matsuo Akiko , DeSouza Eros R.
Published: May 2016

Although narcissism has long been researched in relation to anger, previous research examined narcissistic anger toward negative feedback that had already occurred. In this study, we investigated the effects of anticipation of evaluation (present vs. absent) and negative feedback (present vs. absent), using a creativity task paradigm, on state anger scores among 231 U.S. undergraduates (76% White, 60% women). We also measured undergraduates’ narcissistic tendencies and impressions of the creativity task. Multiple regression analyses revealed a significant interaction between narcissism and negative feedback on total anger scores, with narcissists responding with more anger than non-narcissists in the condition of negative feedback. We also found a significant two-way interaction between narcissism and anticipation of evaluation on total enjoyment scores. Anticipation of feedback inhibited narcissist-prone individuals from enjoying the task in the anticipation condition, but this pattern was not present in the no-anticipation condition. Implications and recommendations to better understand the nature of narcissism are discussed.
The Effect of “Opt-Out” Regulation on Access to Surgical Care for Urgent Cases in the United States: Evidence from the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Sun Eric , Dexter Franklin , Miller Thomas R.
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND:

In 2001, the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services issued a rule permitting states to “opt-out” of federal regulations requiring physician supervision of nurse anesthetists. We examined the extent to which this rule increased access to anesthesia care for urgent cases.

METHODS:

Using data from a national sample of inpatient discharges, we examined whether opt-out was associated with an increase in the percentage of patients receiving a therapeutic procedure among patients admitted for appendicitis, bowel obstruction, choledocholithiasis, or hip fracture. We chose these 4 diagnoses because they represent instances where urgent access to a procedure requiring anesthesia is often indicated. In addition, we examined whether opt-out was associated with a reduction in the number of appendicitis patients who presented with a ruptured appendix. In addition to controlling for patient morbidities and demographics, our analysis incorporated a difference-in-differences approach, with additional controls for state-year trends, to reduce confounding.

RESULTS:

Across all 4 diagnoses, opt-out was not associated with a statistically significant change in the percentage of patients who received a procedure (0.0315 percentage point increase, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.843 to 0.906 percentage point increase). When broken down by diagnosis, opt-out was also not associated with statistically significant changes in the percentage of patients who received a procedure for bowel obstruction (0.511 percentage point decrease, 95% CI −2.28 to 1.26), choledocholithiasis (2.78 percentage point decrease, 95% CI −6.12 to 0.565), and hip fracture (0.291 percentage point increase, 95% CI −1.76 to 2.94). Opt-out was associated with a small but statistically significant increase in the percentage of appendicitis patients receiving an appendectomy (0.876 percentage point increase, 95% CI 0.194 to 1.56); however, there was no significant change in the percentage of patients presenting with a ruptured appendix (−0.914 percentage point decrease, 95% CI −2.41 to 0.582). Subanalyses showed that the effects of opt-out did not differ in rural versus urban areas.

CONCLUSIONS:

Based on 2 measures of access, opt-out does not appear to have significantly increased access to anesthesia for urgent inpatient conditions.
The Anesthesiologist’s Role in Treating Abusive Head Trauma
Authors: Lee Jennifer K. , Brady Ken M. , Deutsch Nina
Published: May 2016

Abusive head trauma (AHT) is the most common cause of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in infants and the leading cause of child abuse–related deaths. For reasons that remain unclear, mortality rates after moderate AHT rival those of severe nonintentional TBI. The vulnerability of the developing brain to injury may be partially responsible for the poor outcomes observed after AHT. AHT is mechanistically more complex than nonintentional TBI. The acute-on-chronic nature of the trauma along with synergistic injury mechanisms that include rapid rotation of the brain, diffuse axonal injury, blunt force trauma, and hypoxia-ischemia make AHT challenging to treat. The anesthesiologist must understand the complex injury mechanisms inherent to AHT, as well as the pediatric TBI treatment guidelines, to decrease the risk of persistent neurologic disability and death. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology of AHT, differences between AHT and nonintentional TBI, the severe pediatric TBI treatment guidelines in the context of AHT, anesthetic considerations, and ethical and legal reporting requirements.
Athena’s Armor, Medusa’s Scream: The Audiovisual Imaging of the Feminine in Music Videos
Authors: Koch Gertrud
Published: May 2016

The music video poses several questions in which the ordering of the senses becomes central: What does it mean to show a singing body, a close-up of a singer and her body parts (her open mouth, her hands, her lips, etc.)? Does the music video emphasize sight over hearing by becoming cinematic and theatrical? The tension between the somatic side of singing and the beautification of the singing, instrumental, working body through dancing brings a gendered vision to the fore that links the female body strictly with codes of beauty. A reading of Madonna’s video “Take a Bow” allows for such an analysis in its tendency to dramatize the division of sound and image as in film: the image of the beautiful woman entails the use of voice through dubbing.
DeepCAGE transcriptomics identify HOXD10 as a transcription factor regulating lymphatic endothelial responses to VEGF-C
Authors: Klein Sarah , Dieterich Lothar C. , Mathelier Anthony , Chong Chloé , Sliwa-Primorac Adriana , Hong Young-Kwon , Shin Jay W. , Lizio Marina , Itoh Masayoshi , Kawaji Hideya , Lassmann Timo , Daub Carsten O. , Arner Erik ,   The FANTOM consortium, Carninci Piero , Hayashizaki Yoshihide , Forrest Alistair R. R. , Wasserman Wyeth W. , Detmar Michael
Published: May 2016

Lymphangiogenesis plays a crucial role during development, in cancer metastasis and in inflammation. Activation of VEGFR-3 (also known as FLT4) by VEGF-C is one of the main drivers of lymphangiogenesis, but the transcriptional events downstream of VEGFR-3 activation are largely unknown. Recently, we identified a wave of immediate early transcription factors that are upregulated in human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) within the first 30 to 80 min after VEGFR-3 activation. Expression of these transcription factors must be regulated by additional pre-existing transcription factors that are rapidly activated by VEGFR-3 signaling. Using transcription factor activity analysis, we identified the homeobox transcription factor HOXD10 to be specifically activated at early time points after VEGFR-3 stimulation, and to regulate expression of immediate early transcription factors, including NR4A1. Gain- and loss-of-function studies revealed that HOXD10 is involved in LECs migration and formation of cord-like structures. Furthermore, HOXD10 regulates expression of VE-cadherin, claudin-5 and NOS3 (also known as e-NOS), and promotes lymphatic endothelial permeability. Taken together, these results reveal an important and unanticipated role of HOXD10 in the regulation of VEGFR-3 signaling in lymphatic endothelial cells, and in the control of lymphangiogenesis and permeability.
On the Ontological Quality and Logical Quality of Conceptual-Modeling Grammars: The Need for a Dual Perspective
Authors: Clarke Roger , Burton-Jones Andrew , Weber Ron
Published: May 2016

A core activity in information systems development involves building a conceptual model of the domain that an information system is intended to support. Such models are created using a conceptual-modeling (CM) grammar. Just as high-quality conceptual models facilitate high-quality systems development, high-quality CM grammars facilitate high-quality CM. This paper provides a new perspective on ways to improve the quality of the semantics of CM grammars. For many years, the leading approach to this topic has relied on ontological theory. We show, however, that the ontological approach captures only half the story; it needs to be coupled with a logical approach. We explain how the ontological and logical qualities of CM grammars interrelate. Furthermore, we outline three contributions of a logical approach to evaluating the quality of CM grammars: a means of seeing some familiar CM problems in simpler ways, illumination of new problems, and proving the benefit of modifying existing CM grammars in particular ways. We demonstrate these benefits in the context of the Entity-Relationship grammar. More generally, our paper opens a new area of research with many opportunities for future research and practice.
A qualitative meta-synthesis of young peoples' experiences of ‘sexting’
Authors: Wilkinson Yvonne , Whitfield Clare , Hannigan Sue , Azam Ali Parveen , Hayter Mark
Published: May 2016

Objective:

To conduct a meta-synthesis of the qualitative research to explore young people's experiences and use of smart phones to send and receive sexually focused messages and images.

Design:

A qualitative meta-synthesis was conducted on the retrieved papers following a systematic search of PUBMED, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), COCHRANE, Embase, Medline and Psycinfo. The sample included five qualitative studies with a total sample size of 480 participants.

Results:

The meta-synthesis of the papers resulted in the development of four central themes: gender inequity, popularity with peers, relationship context, and costs and benefits.

Conclusions:

Drawing the qualitative work together highlights the manner in which ‘sexting’ is more nuanced than traditional ‘cyber-bullying’. The consensual sending of intimate images is a highly gendered activity. The gender issues require work with female students to explore the issue of ‘sexting’ and how it can be harmful. Work with male students around the issues of respect and gender harassment in relation to ‘sexting’ is also required and should contribute to sex and relationships education. The results indicate that school nurses working with young people need to build discussions about the use of technology within relationships into their work with young people.
Organizational factors influencing journalists’ use of user-generated content: A case of Canadian radio newsrooms
Authors: Bonin Geneviève A.
Published: May 2016

Using an evaluation framework, this study sheds light on the organizational factors that influence the use of user-generated content (UGC) in radio newsrooms. Although communication research is consistently emphasizing rapid changes in technology and the need for journalists to adapt to their multi-platform environments, this study shows that some radio journalists and managers, at least, are still quite conservative in their innovative practices. Through the use of semi-structured interviews with radio managers and journalists in a major Canadian market, five main uses of UGC were identified in the newsroom. These factors were directly related to the perceived notion of the audience and its value to news reporting. Financial pressures, company policy and professional standards are the three main organizational factors that influence these uses and the extent to which the practices were observed. Age, language and sectorial differences did not appear to be influential in this study. These results, however, suggest that work still needs to be done to establish which factors are most relevant in overcoming fears and challenges with respect to innovative UGC use. A better knowledge of the audience could also influence future behaviour.
Towards Clinical Bioinformatics: Redux 2015
Authors: Altman R. B.
Published: May 2016

In 2004, medical informatics as a scientific community recognized an emerging field of “clinical bioinformatics” that included work bringing bioinformatics data and knowledge into the clinic. In the intervening decade, “translational biomedical informatics” has emerged as the umbrella term for the work that brings together biological entities and clinical entities. The major challenges continue: understanding the clinical significance of basic ‘omics’ (and other) measurements, and communicating this to increasingly empowered patients/consumers who often have access to this information outside usual medical channels. It has become clear that basic molecular information must be combined with environmental and lifestyle data to fully define, predict, and manage health status..
Preface - Access to Knowledge Revisited
Authors: Humphreys Betsy L. , Lindberg Donald A.B.
Published: May 2016

Objective: To review and update the Preface to the 1998 Yearbook of Medical Informatics, which had as its Special Topic “Health Informatics and the Internet”.

Method: Assessment of the accuracy of predictions made in 1998 and consideration of key developments in informatics since that time.

Results: Predictions made in 1998 were generally accurate regarding reduced dependence on keyboards, expansion of multimedia, medical data privacy policy development, impact of molecular biology on knowledge and treatment of neoplasms, and use of imaging and informatics to advance understanding of brain structure and function. Key developments since 1998 include the huge increase in publicly available electronic information; acknowledgement by leaders in government and science of the importance of biomedical informatics to societal goals for health, health care, and scientific discovery; the influence of the public in promoting clinical research transparency and free access to government-funded research results; the long-awaited arrival of electronic health records; and the “Cloud” as a 21st century reformulation of contracting out the computer center. Conclusions: There are many challenging and important problems that deserve the attention of the informatics community. Informatics researchers will be best served by embracing a very broad definition of medical informatics and by promoting public understanding of the field.
Development of a stability-indicating HPLC method and a dissolution test for rivaroxaban dosage forms
Authors: Souri Effat , Mottaghi Siavash , Zargarpoor Mohammad , Ahmadkhaniha Reza , Jalalizadeh Hassan
Published: May 2016

Rivaroxaban is an inhibitor of factor Xa, which is used as an oral anticoagulant for the prevention of thromboembolism. The objective of this study was to develop a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of rivaroxaban in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Rivaroxaban was subjected to acidic, basic, oxidative, photolytic, and thermal conditions for forced stress degradation studies. Considerable degradation was observed in all stress degradation tests. Rivaroxaban and its degradation products were separated on a Nova-Pak C8 column utilizing a mixture of acetonitrile and KH2PO4 50 mM (pH 3.0) (40:60, v/v) as the mobile phase, and the chromatogram was recorded at 270 nm using a general ultraviolet (UV) detector.

The developed method was linear over the concentration range of 1–50 μg mL−1 showing acceptable within-day and between-day precision and accuracy values (CV <2% and Error <2%). The dissolution profile of rivaroxaban tablets was also studied in the presence of a surfactant using optimized conditions. The validated method was successfully used for the determination of rivaroxaban in dosage forms and also in dissolution medium indicating the specificity of the assay method.
GC—MS analysis of the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. growing desolately in South India
Authors: Joshi R.K.
Published: May 2016

The hydrodistilled essential oil from flowering aerial parts of Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae) growing desolately in South India was examined to determine its composition. The oil was analyzed by gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector (GC–FID) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC– MS). Forty-one constituents were identified, representing 99.4% of the total oil. The main components were identified as eugenol (57.1%), α-bulnesene (15.6%), and β-caryophyllene (14.2%). Phenylpropanoids (57.3%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (31.6%) were the prominent groups of compounds, followed by oxygenated sesquiterpenes (6.5%), oxygenated monoterpenes (3.0%), and monoterpene hydrocarbons (1.0%). The compound α-bulnesene was identified for the first time in this report. The essential oil was found to be eugenol–α-bulnesene–β-caryophyllene chemotypes.