bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESEARCH AT CROSSROADS: A CRITIQUE OF MASTERâ€™S LEVEL RESEARCH IN EDUCATION
Authors: Paramjit K Tulsi
Published: May 2021

Research at higher levels of education offers a picture of decline. This is particularly with respect to curriculum-making, feedback, control mechanisms, inadequate availability of competent teachers, etc. The problem has been noted by Government agencies as well as independent scholars and researchers. What is lacking is clear methodology under which fruitful interaction between young researchers vis-Ã -vis the chosen area of study could take place. This paper investigates a number of aspects related to research in higher education and suggests a corrective paradigm.
A STUDY OF SELF-CONCEPT AND STUDY HABITS OF STUDENTS OF ARTS AND SCIENCE STREAMS
Authors: S.C Gakhar  , Gurdarshan Bains
Published: May 2021

Individuality is at the core of the human subjectâ€™s personality and plays a vital role in guiding oneâ€™s endeavour in specific conditions. This paper defines individuality as a self-concept and seeks to determine its validity with respect to areas of arts and science. Distinction between these two areas gets finally reflected in arts students who are found to have higher social self-concept and conversely in science students who are found to have higher intellectual self-concept.
DIFFERENCE IN THE CONGNITIVE STYLES AND LEARNING SKILLS DUE TO GENDER AND AREA-WISE DIFFERENCES
Authors: Bindu Kenth
Published: May 2021

New researches and studies in education have made us increasingly aware about new potentialities in learning. Some important ones among these relate to grasping and understanding as well as earning capabilities to experiment and innovate. We have to consider, however, that apart from connections that exist between aspects of the learning practice, differences and distinctions also exist. This paper attempts to examine such differences keeping in view the role that academic areas and social factors play in the making of education-related concepts.
A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF- BELIEFS AND ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION
Authors: Kiranjeet Kaur
Published: May 2021

The objectives of this study were to determine the relationship between self-beliefs and achievement motivation among engineering students. 305 boys and 254 girls from different engineering colleges of Punjab responded to all psychological measures used in the study. Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (Muris, 2001) and Perceived Competence Scale (Pintrich and DeGroot, 1990) were used to assess the self-beliefs of the students, whereas, Deo and Mohan's Achievement Scale (1985) was used to measure achievement motivation among the students. Pearsonâ€™s Product Moment Correlation were computed to find out which variables correlate significantly with achievement motivation among these students. The results revealed that in case of male engineering students, two dimensions of Self-efficacy i.e. Academic Self-Efficacy and Social Self- Efficacy were found to be positively correlated with their achievement motivation, whereas,in case of female engineering students,all three dimensions of Self-efficacy i.e. Social-Efficacy, Academic-Efficacy and Emotional-Efficacy were found to be positively related to their achievement motivation. The results also revealed that the perceived competence was a significant correlate of achievement motivation among both male and female engineering students. Overall, the results indicate that self-beliefs play a significant role in influencing the achievement motivation among engineering students.
Awareness and Exercise of Human Rights Among Women of Punjab
Authors: Anshu Narad  , Gagandeep Kaur
Published: May 2021

Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, irrespective of their nationality, places of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, language, or any other status. People everywhere should know and understand what human rights are, to lessen the chances of tyranny and to promote justice and well-being in society. Awareness, understanding, and use of human rights can empower individuals, can promote solutions for specific problems and thus can reduce friction within society. A recent study was conducted to explore the awareness and exercise of human rights among working and non-working women of Punjab. The study was a descriptive survey. Simple random sampling technique was employed to select a sample of 200 women (100 working women and 100 non-working women). Further, out of 100 women, 50 were from the rural area while 50 were from the urban area. The results of the study revealed that working women had a greater awareness of human rights and exercise more human rights in comparison to their non-working women counterparts. Further, rural working and urban working women had similar awareness of human rights while rural working women exercise more human rights as compared to urban counterparts. While rural and urban non-working women had similar awareness as well as knowledge about human rights.
The Relationship Between Personality Traits and Vocabulary Learning Strategies
Authors: Zeinab Jalili Kelangestani
Published: May 2021

This study examined the possible relationship between Iranian female intermediate EFL learners' personality traits and their vocabulary learning strategies. The participants in this study comprised of 90 female intermediate English language learners. To ensure the homogeneity of the group, all the participants were made to appear in the Oxford Solution Placement Test. Vocabulary Learning Strategies and Eysenck Personality questionnaires were administered to the participants. The results showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between Iranian intermediate EFL learners' personality type and their use of vocabulary learning strategies. However, it appeared that introverts tended to have higher use of memory, cognitive, and metacognitive strategies while extroverts were found to achieve higher mean scores on determination and social strategies. The highest degree of the relationship was found between social strategy and personality types. In contrast, lowest correlation was found between metacognitive strategy and personality types.
The Study of Relationship Between Pre-Service Teachers' Self-Efficacy Beliefs and Attitudes Towards the Teaching Profession
Authors: Şenol Şen
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between preservice teachers' attitudes towards the teaching profession (ATP) and teachers' self-efficacy beliefs (TSEB). In particular, the study aimed to understand the effect of preservice teachers' self-efficacy beliefs (TSEB), age, gender and discipline on their attitudes towards the teaching profession (ATP). The study was conducted with a correlational research design. Sample for the study comprised 157 preservice teachers attending a public university. Attitude Scale towards the Profession of Teaching (ASPT) and the Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) were used as tools for data collection. The data were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression analysis techniques. The results showed that there were positive and significant relations between the variables selected for the study. Regression analysis revealed that preservice teachers' selfefficacy beliefs (TSEB) have a positive and significant effect on their attitudes towards teaching profession (ATP).
Investigation of Epistemological Beliefs and Creativity Fostering Behaviours of Prospective Teachers' in Terms of Various Variables
Authors: Fatma Alkan
Published: May 2021

This study aims to investigate the prospective teachers' epistemological beliefs and creativity fostering behaviour and changes with the same according to various variables. The study was designed based on the relational survey model. The sample of the research consisted of 420 prospective teachers. For the purpose of the study, the epistemological beliefs scale and creativity fostering teacher index were used as data collection tools. The difference between the epistemological beliefs and creativity fostering teacher index sub-dimensions according to gender, programme and university variables was examined by "Multivariate Variance Analysis MANOVA". As a result of the research, the prospective teachers' epistemological belief and creativity fostering behaviour were found to be average. However, when the changes in the sub-dimensions of epistemological belief scale according to gender and university variables were examined, the effect of both variables was significant. The changes in epistemological beliefs according to the class and education programme were not significant. There was also no significant difference in sub-dimensions of creativity fostering teacher index scales according to gender and programme and class and programme.
Effect of Digital Pedagogy in Ierventions in Rural Areas
Authors: Sona Ahuja  , Diksha Yadav
Published: May 2021

The present study provides a description of the model of interactive digital pedagogy for remote areas and its impact on pedagogical satisfaction and academic achievement of students. This pedagogical intervention was designed to enrich and supplement the teaching-learning experience in remote and underprivileged schools through the use of technology. An interactive online teaching-learning system was set-up using a digital pedagogy. 150 school students and 80 prospective teachers from three higher secondary schools of Madhya Pradesh and Tamil Nadu participated in the study. Pedagogical satisfaction and academic achievement of the school students who studied in this set-up were examined. The results revealed that active learning, technological competence and learner autonomy were enhanced in an online environment when compared to an offline environment.
Investigation of Pre-Service Biology Teachers' Self-Confidence Concerning Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge With Respect to Some Variables
Authors: Dilek Sultan Acarli
Published: May 2021

The present study aims to determine pre-service biology teachers' self-confidence levels concerning their technological pedagogical content knowledge with respect to variables namely class level and computer knowledge. Designed as a survey, 91 pre-service teachers enrolled in the biology education programme participated in the study. Data were collected by using the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Self- Confidence Scale developed by Graham, Burgoyne, Cantrell, Smith, Clair and Harris (2009) and adapted in Turkish by Timur and Tasar (2011). Findings of the study show that pre-service teachers have a high self-confidence concerning their technological pedagogical content knowledge. It was also found that there was no significant difference in pre-service teachers' self-confidence with respect to the class level. However, it was found that pre-service teachers who had enrolled in a computer course during their education had higher self-confidence.
Most Difficult Topic in Social Science Curriculum as Perceived by Elementary Level Student-Teachers
Authors: R. Vinodh Kumar  , M. Vakkil
Published: May 2021

The study was conducted to identify the most difficult topic in elementary teacher education first-year social science curriculum as perceived by the student-teachers by using survey research design. The study also investigated the underlying reasons responsible for the student-teachers' difficulties in learning different topics. 218 student-teachers were selected using convenience sampling technique from five District Institutes of Education and Training (DIET), in Tamil Nadu State (India) for the study. The instrument used for data collection was a checklist designed by the researchers to elicit information from the student-teachers. The data collected were analysed using frequencies and percentages. The results showed that the topic namely, 'Reading the Globe, Maps and Atlas' was perceived as the most difficult topic in social science curriculum. The results also showed that teaching the topic without using the maps, lack of previous knowledge about the maps, the existence of vague concepts, heavy content load, and lack of interest and motivation to learn map concepts were the main reasons responsible for the student-teachers' difficulties in learning the topic.
Influence of New Media on University Students: Merits, Pitfalls and Preventions
Authors: Suria Binti Baba  , Nik Maheran Binti Nik Muhammad
Published: May 2021

The trends in using social media like Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp have gained substantial attention from the researchers across the globe. This paper outlines the findings of a qualitative inquiry using an interview procedure to address the issues that have emerged from these three themes. These themes are the positive influence of social media on university students, the negative influence of social media on university students and the role of authorities in preventing the negative influence. The participants of this study were experts from two universities. Seventy-five participants were interviewed, and their responses were analysed using NVivo. The findings suggest that social media has both positive and negative influence on university students. The positive influences of social media include sharing knowledge and information, exploring real-time multiple sources of information and engaging with multiple groups for gaining and sharing information using different modes. The negative influences include students' disengagement with the society, addiction, inconsistent beliefs. Further, the students may be easily manipulated by the fake information. However, the authorities could easily check the negative influence by imposing strict regulations.
Examination Stress of Higher Secondary Students in Relation to their Gender, Locality and Stream of Study
Authors: Dipannita Saharia  , Marami Goswami
Published: May 2021

Examination stress is one of the most common features of higher secondary students which they face in their academic life. Higher secondary stage happens to be crucial stage of education in India as it determines the future path of the students. This study investigated differences if any in the level of examination stress experienced by the students in terms of their gender, locality and stream of study. Stratified random sampling technique was used for data collection. Results of the study showed that there exists a significant difference between the examination stress of male and female students and between rural and urban students. It was also found that students of Arts stream experience significantly higher level of examination stress as compared to students of Science and Commerce streams. However, no significant difference was found in the examination stress level of the students of Science and Commerce stream.
Exploring The EFI Learners' Attitudes Towards the Integration of Active Reading Software in Learning Reading Comprehension at Tertiary Level
Authors: Imran Khan  , Ainol Haryati Ibrahim  , Asiah Kassim  , Raja Muhammad Ishtiaq Khan
Published: May 2021

The role of technology in language pedagogy and learning is significant both in EFL and ESL contexts. Educational technology facilitates language teachers to enhance their teaching practices by implementing certain strategies to assist learners to achieve their academic goals successfully. However, the adoption and effective use of technology in EFL classes depends on the positive attitudes of the learners. An attempt was made to explore EFL learners' attitude towards technology-enhanced instructions of reading comprehension at Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia. The sample consisted of 60 male EFL learners, divided into two groups. The research tools used for collecting the data were quantitative approach and an attitude scale questionnaire to explore the learners' attitude towards Active Reading Software (ARS) instruction. The experimental group received four-week treatment in the computer labs using ARS. The analysis of data showed positive attitudes of EFL learners toward Active Reading Software as a learning tool in improving reading comprehension achievement.
Effect of Taba's Inductive Thinking Model on Achievement In Science and Creative Thinking in Relation to Intelligence of Students at Secondary School Stage
Authors: Deepa Sikand Kauts  , Amit Kauts
Published: May 2021

The present study intends to assess the effect of inductive thinking model of teaching on academic achievement in science and creative thinking in relation to intelligence of students at secondary school stage. For conducting the study, four public schools of Jalandhar City in Punjab (India) were selected randomly. Two sections of approximately 35 students were taken from each school. The experimental group was taught following the principles of the inductive thinking model of teaching while the control group was taught through the conventional method (lecture) of teaching. The findings of the study revealed that inductive thinking model was found to be effective in terms of achievement of students in Science. There was also a significant increase in originality, fluency, and flexibility of students when taught by Taba's Inductive Thinking Model.
Dump Your Cloud Before Your Cloud Dumps You Hey, You, Get off of My Cloud! A CTO's Guide to the Unanticipated Risk
Authors: Nekhom Alan
Published: May 2021

In early 2021, some cloud providers took extraordinary measures to shut down businesses hosted on their platforms for various non-business-related reasons. This sent a shockwave through the tech industry. If a 2.2 million user platform could be snuffed out due to the posts of one person, what could this mean to all other businesses? One business was down for 6 weeks, and as of 5 months later had still not completely recovered. This exposed an unanticipated risk--being de-platformed for reasons beyond a business's reasonable predictability. During this time, I was given a charter from my CEO--come up with a plan that would result in us potentially being down for 6 minutes (or less!) rather than 6 weeks if the same thing were to happen to us. This paper is that plan and we share it freely so others can plan for the unanticipated risk of being kicked out of a cloud.
Still Grappling With Menstrual Hygiene: Explaining Uptake By Socio-Cultural Factors Among School Going Girls in Kenya
Authors: Midigo Ronnie
Published: May 2021

Globally, approximately 52% of the female population (26% of the total population) is of reproductive age. Most of these women and girls will menstruate each month for between two to seven days. Menstrual hygiene is an important part of the basic hygiene, sanitation, and reproductive health services to which every woman and girl has a right. Most girls lack adequate information on menarche, puberty, and Menstrual Hygiene Management. This predisposes them to reproductive tract infections. This study sought to establish the socio-cultural factors influencing the adoption of menstrual hygiene practices among adolescent girls in public secondary schools in Malindi Sub County. The study adopted a cross-sectional analytical. Data was collected using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The study established that most of the school-going adolescents in Malindi Subcounty (64%) have good menstrual hygiene practices. The socio-cultural factors influencing menstrual hygiene practices include cultural expectations, provisions, restrictions and cultural significance, religious restrictions and parent’s levels of education (P>0.05). Future studies could investigate the influence of structural factors both in the general environment, the school and the households where these adolescents come from. The study also recommends awareness drives on the importance of menstrual hygiene among adolescents and the development and implementation of policies on menstrual hygiene practices.
The Prevalence of Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection Among Gynecological Outpatients Attendees at Central Basra Hospitals Using One-Step Chlamydia Test
Authors: Al-Assadi Ali Falih
Published: May 2021

Objective: The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence rate of chlamydia infection among gynecological outpatients attendees at central Basra hospitals and assessing the predisposing factors and clinical features. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted at central Basra hospitals during the period from 15 February 2018 to 10 May 2019. The distribution of cases according to the hospitals was 290 patients from Basra maternity and child hospital, 85 patients from Basra general hospital, 75 patients from AL Mawani hospital and 50 patients from AL Fayhaa hospital, this variation in the number depend on outpatient clinics attendees. participants were assessed according to a predesigned questionnaire and screening test for Chlamydia Trachomatis was done for all patients under study by using one-step chlamydia test (Chlamydia Rapid Test Device). Results: Among 500 patients 60% of them were from the age group 20-40 year, 62% were P2-4 and 89% from multipara and grand multipara, 60% were illiterate and 38% were having primary and secondary school, 61% from low socioeconomic class, nonusers of contraception were 23.7% and about 90% of patients were living at the central areas of Basra. Several factors have a statistically significant effect on the Chlamydia Trachomatis infection like being infertile p-value 0.000 or having high parity p-value 0.013 or non-barrier contraceptives users p-value 0.035. While other factors have no statistically significant effect like age p-value 0.506, socioeconomic state p-value 0.779, and level of education p-value 0.986. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of Chlamydia infection is low among the population in the central areas of Basra city compare to other countries. Being infertile or of high parity are among the significant risk factors. Barrier contraceptives significantly reduced the risk of infection and can be used to protect against the transmission of infection.
Developmental Origins of Disease
Authors: Gupta PD
Published: May 2021

At any age one can become sick, however, it is pathetic when someone is born with a disease that too which is not expressed immediately. Such diseases show up weeks later and some years later. The causes of such diseases are multifactorial. In this mini-review, we are trying to focus on some important risk factors which should be considered before getting pregnant; in some genetic disorders, genetic analysis is important, even before pregnancy, for others prenatal diagnosis is recommended.
Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Endometrium : A Rare Case in the Philippines
Authors: Benavides Doris R
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Endometrium (PSCCE) is an extremely rare case accounting for only 0.1% of all endometrial cancer cases. It usually occurs in post-menopausal women. Case: We reported a case in the Philippines, a 64-year-old, multiparous, post-menopausal woman who presented with post-menopausal bleeding. Procedure: Endometrial curettage showed squamous cell carcinoma. She then underwent Exploratory Laparotomy, Radical Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-oophorectomy, with Bilateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissectionand Peritoneal Fluid Cytology. Results: Histopathology of the uterus showed squamous cell carcinoma, keratinizing, with full thickness myometrial invasion. Postoperative diagnosis was primary squamous cell carcinoma, keratinizing, endometrium, stage IIIA. Patient was advised to undergo chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Conclusion: The etiology of PSCCE is still unclear and usually presents with vaginal bleeding in post-menopausal women. To diagnose, histology should meet three criteria asdefined by Fluhmann. The prognosis is poor and related to stage at diagnosis.
Arnold Chiari Malformation Mimicking Postdural Puncture Headache in a Postpartum Female
Authors: Robles Brittany N.
Published: May 2021

Arnold Chiari malformations are a group of structural defects ranging from herniation of the hindbrain to skeletal deformities and neurological dysfunction. Type I Arnold Chiari is the most common type of malformation with a prevalence of 1 in 1000 births. Patients are frequently asymptomatic; however, if symptoms do develop, it is typically during the reproductive age. Suboccipital headaches and neck pain are the most common symptoms that one with type 1 Arnold Chiari will experience. Here we present a case of a 29 year old, Afican American female, G4P1021, who presented to our labor and delivery unit at forty weeks and two days of gestation complaining of regular painful uterine contractions. She delivered a healthy neonate vaginally with vacuum assistance and developed an occipital headache associated with neck pain on postpartum day 1. Her symptoms did not resolve after 2 blood patches at which point she was evaluated by neurology. Head imaging was performed and notable for an Arnold Chiari malformation.
The Negligible Effect of Metformin Addition to Letrozole in Treating Overweight Women with PCOS
Authors: EL-Gharib Mohamed Nabih
Published: May 2021

Aim: To compare the effects of letrozole alone and letrozole plus metformin on ovulation induction, endometrial thickness, number of ovarian follicles and, the pregnancy rate in overweight, infertile women with the polycystic ovarian syndrome. Study design: Prospective, randomized clinical trial. Material and methods: This study was conducted on 120 patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome, recruited from the infertility clinic of Tanta University Hospital, January 2017 to December 2019. Sixty women were assigned at random to each group. In a group, 1 patient received only daily 5 mg letrozole between days 3 and 7 of the menstrual cycle, and in group 2, continuous metformin was used at the dose of 500mg/TDS/day for three months; afterward, daily 5 mg letrozole between 3 and 7 days of the menstrual cycle was added to the metformin therapy. The patients were treated until pregnancy occurred, or three cycles were reached without pregnancy. Results: There was an insignificant increase in the cumulative pregnancy rate between the metformin-letrazole and the letrazole group. In the metformin-letrozole group, 28.33% of the patents got pregnant, compared with 25% of the patients in the letrazole group. There was no significant difference between the letrazole and the metforminletrazole group regarding ovulation rate, number of the follicle, endometrial thickness, and progesterone level. Conclusion: The addition of metformin to letrazole does not improve the outcome of overweight PCOS women.
Third Grade Achievement Predictors in Urban Poverty Settings: End of Kindergarten Behavioral and Performance Indicators
Authors: Gullo Dominic F. , Ammar Alia A.
Published: May 2021

Structural equation modeling was used to investigate the predictive associations between end of kindergarten academic, social behavioral, and biotic influences on end of third grade academic achievement among a nationally representative sample of low-socioeconomic (SES) children residing in urban areas. Findings validate the understanding that developmental and learning trajectories start early and are influenced by multifaceted factors. Understanding factors that positively and negatively affect learning and development among urban low-SES children informs intervention strategies potentially moderating the gaps that exist in these areas among SES groups.
Syncope: Chief complaint for spontaneous coronary artery dissection without other signs of acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Robert Chew Christopher , Singh Abhijai
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is an exceptionally rare cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with a reported incidence of 1–4% of all ACS cases. It is most prevalent in young women with the left anterior descending artery and left main are the most common arteries involved.

Case Report: The patient is a 75-year-old man with a prior medical history of hypertension, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and pulmonary fibrosis presented to the emergency department (ED) with syncope. The patient reported a burning sensation over the central chest different from his GERD. On physical exam, the patient had a 3/6 holosystolic murmur throughout the left pericardium. His laboratory workup was benign with negative troponins and normal electrocardiogram (EKG). Chest X-ray during this time revealed no acute processes and computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the chest was positive for a 4.1 mm fusiform ascending aortic aneurysm. 2D Echo revealed new cardiomyopathy with ejection fraction (EF) of 35–40% with trivial mitral regurgitation (MR) and mild aortic regurgitation. Left heart catheterization revealed left main stenosis of 75%, left anterior descending (LAD) with ostial stenosis of 80% and 30% stenosis of the left circumflex and right coronary artery (RCA). The LAD had a proximal eccentric plaque which under intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) revealed a dissection. The patient underwent a coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and did well until discharge home. His postoperative course was complicated by new onset of atrial fibrillation/flutter. The patient was discharged to rehab with Eliquis, baby aspirin, Coreg, and Digoxin.

Conclusion: Our case is unique in view of the unconventional age group, gender, and odd symptomatology. We hope to increase the awareness among medical practitioners for this high morbidity diagnosis if not identified correctly.
A Systematic Literature Review on Critical Thinking in an Undergraduate Accounting Programme
Authors: Nwosu Lilian Ifunanya , Vorster Hester
Published: May 2021

The ability of accountancy students to apply critical thinking in solving problems related to modules offered in accountancy undergraduate programme, has remained a concern for many higher institutions. Accountancy students tend to struggle to apply critical thinking to their course work offered in the programme. To be able to apply critical thinking, accountancy students in undergraduate programmes should be able to apply a series of attributes that can enable them to understand questions asked in case study questions or multiple tasks. This study reviewed various ways in which students can apply critical thinking in an undergraduate accounting programme. A systematic literature review was conducted to examine the challenges undergraduate accounting students in South Africa face in applying critical thinking. This study found some of the barriers for applying critical thinking include redundancy, backwardness, application, extent to which preferences are associated to learning, and the ability to engage in real life accountancy practice. Literature reveals that accounting students can use the cube method which includes six steps: describe, compare, associate, analyse, apply, and argue to address the challenges of applying critical thinking. The study however, proposed some strategies that academics can use to ensure that accountancy students are able to apply critical thinking in solving accounting problems. Students are able to apply critical thinking in problem solving. Suggestions for future research were provided.
Banking Services Marketing via Social Media Platforms and Its Impact on Consumer Behavior During COVID-19 Pandemic in Jordanian Banks: Mediating Role of Innovation Marketing
Authors: Roman Naseem Abu
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to know the impact of marketing via social media platforms (MSMP) during the Covid-19 pandemic on consumer behavior (CB) in Jordanian banks. In addition to knowing the role of innovation marketing (IM) in improving the ability of the impact of MSMP on CB during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study population consisted of all Jordanian banks. The process of distributing and retrieving the questionnaires was carried out electronically due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the ban imposed in Jordan. The study found an impact of MSMP during the COVID-19 pandemic in IM, Also, MSMP helps to innovate in the way social interactions occur between individuals and banks. The study also found an impact of MSMP on CB during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also showed that there is an impact of IM in improving the impact of MSMP on CB. The study recommends the need to pay attention to MSMP as it adds very important elements to traditional marketing during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Assessment on Drinking Water Handling and Sanitation Practices in an Urban Community of Imphal East, Manipur: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Oinam Joymati , Ningombam Joenna Devi
Published: May 2021

Background: According to SDG 6: Clean water and sanitation, each day, nearly 1000 children die due to preventable water and sanitation-related diarrheal diseases. The objectives of the study were to assess drinking water handling and sanitation practices in an urban community and its association with selected variables of interest.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 married women with under-five children from May to June 2018. From a randomly selected village in an urban community, participants were selected by convenience sampling. A predesigned, semi-structured questionnaire was used. Statistical tests like mean, SD, Chi-squared test, Fischer Exact test were used taking p-value <0.05 as statistically significant.

Results: Only 18.9% of the respondents had improved main source of drinking water. Almost all (98%) had improved sanitation facilities of household. Statistically significant association were found between mothers with more than 30 years age group with adequate status of water treatment, sanitary status of under-five stool disposal and higher educational status of mothers with improved status of water treatment, sanitary status of under-five stool disposal.

Conclusion: Only one-fifth of the respondents had improved main source of drinking water. Awareness campaigns should be conducted focusing on adequate water treatment and sanitary method of under-five stool disposal practices.
Definition of Trust as a Catalyst and the Implications Therefrom: A Deduction from a Literature Review
Authors: King Peter
Published: May 2021

Much has been written about trust and trust-building, but no consensual definition of trust has been developed. In this article, the definition of trust as a catalyst is proposed based on a deduction from an aggregation of peer-reviewed articles from across several disciplines and hermeneutic examination of the contents. The paper suggests that discipline-related points of view and common usage of trust as a noun and or a verb leads to confusion in trying to develop a consensual definition. Given the accepted universality of trust, a consensual definition would help achieve a further understanding of both trust and trust-building. The proposed definition permits recognition of discipline-related definitions and suggests the focus of trust should be directed to establishing the conditions under which trust enables successful exchange interactions (i.e., trust-building). The separation of trust and trust-building has implications for management and other relationships. Suggestions for further research are included.
Digital Entrepreneurship Perspective of Smart Organization and Technological Innovation: A Conceptual Model
Authors: Eneizat Mushira A. , Al-Kasasbeh Mohammed Mufaddy
Published: May 2021

To be successful in today’s rapid and increasing changes, innovation is the only option for maintaining growth and competitiveness. Organizations actually need to become “smart” to confront the growing customer needs, and changing markets. Digital entrepreneurship (DE) is perceived as a key pillar for innovation. However, there are a number of concerns surrounding smart organization (SO), DE, and technological innovation (TI), and how they are related is complex and important to understand in this digital age.

While the extant literature presents several models for innovation, however, these studies are considered to be incomplete as they do not emphasize the relation between these variables. Based on conducting a deep literature review, this study proposes a conceptual model for SO focusing on TI (i.e., Product and process). This integrated model argues that SO’s components namely business intelligence, creative orientation, environment understanding, adaptation, and continuous learning significantly contribute to TI. In addition, it proposes that DE mediates the relationship between the SO and TI. Hypotheses development and suggesting further areas of research are discussed.
A Cardiac Approach to Wilms Tumor with Tumor Thrombus Extension to the Right Atrium Without Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A 5-Year Follow-up
Authors: Mohajerzadeh Leily , Ansari Aval Zahra , Beheshti Monfared Mahmoud , Nazari Shiva , Dabbagh Ali , Mirjafari S. Adeleh , Ghaderi Hamid
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Wilms tumor is the most common kidney cancer in children, but Wilms's tumors that extend by direct intravascular spread into the right side of the heart are rare and at this stage, they require the cardiac surgeons’ intervention. Case Presentation: The patient was a 2-year-old girl who was hospitalized due to fever and abdominal pain that had started 2 weeks before admission. Patient’s full abdominal exams revealed a large mass in the right kidney with a thrombus tumor in the entire inferior vena cava which was extended into the right atrium. Patient completed 8 weeks of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. After chemotherapy no changes was noted in renal mass and tumor thrombus. As, the thrombosis in the atrium was loose and there was a high risk of pulmonary embolism, emergency surgery was needed. Two pediatric and cardiac teams, simultaneously performed the surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass and cardiac arrest. Both kidney mass and the thrombus tumor were completely removed. Patient followed up for 5 years after surgery and no surgical complications, tumor recurrence, or metastasis were observed during that period. Conclusions: Although surgical intervention and tumor resection leads to good prognosis, multimodality management and multidisciplinary approach gives the best results.
Response of Group B Streptococcus to the Combination of Gold Nanoparticles-Erythromycin as a Nanoweapon
Authors: Fozouni Leila , Vaezi Prastoo , Ahani Azari Ania
Published: May 2021

Background: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes a wide range of adverse effects in both mothers and infants during pregnancy and after delivery. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of erythromycin either alone or in combination with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the clinical GBS isolated from pregnant women. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 106 women aged 16 - 48 years. After identification of GBS strains by phenotypic and genotypic methods (PCR), erythromycin-resistant isolates were identified using the Kirby-Bauer test and broth microdilution method according to CLSI-2015 guidelines. The antibacterial properties and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of erythromycin (either alone or combined with AuNPs) were assessed by the agar well-diffusion and broth microdilution methods, respectively. Results: The frequency of GBS isolates was significantly high in the pregnant women aged less than 40 years (73.9%) (P = 0.0251), those with a history of abortion (60.9%) (P = 0.038), and residents of rural areas (60%) (P = 0.038). Moreover, 65.2% of the isolates were resistant to erythromycin. The MIC of AuNPs-erythromycin combination required to inhibit the growth of 50% of GBS isolates (MIC50 = 0.25 μg/mL) was significantly lower than the concentration of AuNP-erythromycin required to inhibit the growth of 90% of the isolates (MIC90 = 1 μg/mL) (P = 0.02), indicating a 16-fold lower dose than the values for erythromycin and AuNPs alone. In the agar well-diffusion method, the average diameter of the growth inhibition zone of AuNPs-erythromycin was 2.5-fold greater than that of free erythromycin (P = 0.037). Conclusions: The results showed that the combination of erythromycin with AuNPs increased the antibacterial effects of erythromycin against GBS isolates.
Microbiome Signature and Diversity Profiling of Normal Skin of Human in Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlQattan Hanan , Edris Sherif , A.Abulfaraj Aala , ALbiheyri Raed , Tolbah Lojayn , Alghamdi Mohammed , Bahieldin Ahmed , Zimmo Sameer , Al-Hindi Rashad
Published: May 2021

Background: Studying human skin-associated bacterial communities is crucial to understanding human diseases, disease progression, and their role in maintaining human health. Objectives: This study aimed to identify normal (healthy) skin microbiome signatures of eight individuals living in Jeddah, Makkah Al-Mukarramah region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: The study involved the analysis of resident skin microbiome in inner elbow of the right arm after ethical approval is issued and an informed consent form is signed by participant individuals. Results: Phylogenetic tree indicated the existence of four phyla, e.g., Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria. Firmicutes were shown to be the highest in abundance, while Bacteroidetes were the lowest. At the genus level, Staphylococcus was the highest in abundance, while Enterococcus was the lowest. At the species level, Bacillus cereus was the highest in abundance, while Roseomonas mucosa was the lowest. The analysis for the highly abundant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) indicated a dramatic difference between sexes referring to either genera or species of which Staphylococcus sp., Erwinia sp., Pseudomonas sp., Sphingomonas sp., Corynebacterium sp., Propionibacterium acnes, Kocuria palustris are higher in males, while Bacillus cereus, Bacillus sp., Erwinia sp., Corynebacterium sp., Micrococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp. are lower in males. Conclusions: The study succeeded in detecting the skin microbiome of individuals in Saudi Arabia.
Aprendizagem conceitual e orientação: uma análise dos estudos da educação histórica em Portugal e no Brasil (2000-2017)
Authors: Souza Eder Cristiano de
Published: May 2021

O problema central deste artigo é a relação entre a aprendizagem de conceitos epistemológicos, estruturantes ou de segunda ordem, e a orientação histórica. Se o pressuposto da Educação Histórica é que a apreensão de conceitos mais elaborados, ou sofisticados, qualifica a aprendizagem histórica, como essa aprendizagem contribui para o agir social e a tomada de decisões dos indivíduos? A partir desse questionamento, realizamos um estudo, utilizando como fontes as actas, ou anais, das Jornadas de Educação Histórica, entre 2001-2017. Selecionamos mais de 60 textos, considerados relevantes a partir de critérios definidos para o estudo, efetivando uma análise panorâmica das diversas formas utilizadas pelos diferentes estudiosos para relacionar as duas dimensões que questionamos. Observamos que os estudos da Educação Histórica surgiram a partir da influência inicial dos pesquisadores ingleses, com centralidade da ideia de progressão na aprendizagem dos conceitos epistemológicos, e caminharam gradativamente para um intercâmbio com outras referências e preocupações, como o conceito de consciência histórica. Constatamos que as formas de apropriação e compreensão das relações entre aprendizagem conceitual e orientação temporal foram diversas, com destaque para a presença ainda forte da ideia de progressão conceitual, em Portugal. E, no Brasil, a predominância da ideia de formação da consciência histórica. Por fim, evidenciamos que explorar a relação entre aprendizagem conceitual e orientação histórica é uma questão de certa forma negligenciada, mas também uma possibilidade em aberto, nos estudos sobre aprendizagem histórica nos dois países.
1953 Amnesty According to GULAG Statistics: Its Structure and Dynamics
Authors: Vorobeva Ekaterina Evgenevna
Published: May 2021

The article studies the dynamics of 1953 amnesty and analyzes its structural characteristics. The 1953 amnesty was the largest in the entire history of the Soviet penitentiary system. Therefore, it is of particular interest to know the stages of the prisoners’ release process and the way such a large-scale problem could be solved. The author focuses on the structure of prisoners to be released as well as the structural changes of prisoners caused by the amnesty and their impact on the system as a whole. Despite a large number of domestic and foreign studies addressing the GULAG, the process of amnesty implementation has not been studied as it is yet. The author traces the implementation of the USSR Supreme Soviet Presidium Decree dated 03.27.1953 "On amnesty." The methodological basis for the study is statistical analysis of data on the implementation of the release plan. The result of the study is the conclusion that the 1953 amnesty was a turning point in the functioning of the USSR camp system. However, its process was uneven and accompanied by a number of difficulties caused by the need to carry out serious control and accounting work and involve additional sources to make decisions on the release of individual prisoners.
Historical Research and Digital History or How Much History is there in Digital History?
Authors: Garskova Irina Markovna
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the book by H. Salmi "What is digital history?". It is the first monograph that attempts to systematize many digital history issues from the viewpoint of a historian and culture researcher. While evaluating the conceptual problems of the relationship between digital history and digital humanities as well as digital history and historical science, the author considers Salmi’s historiographic review, reference apparatus and representativeness of Internet resources links. The content of the monograph is analyzed through the prism of the national school of quantitative history experience and from the standpoint of the national model of historical information science. The performed analysis allows the author to conclude that H. Salmi reasonably emphasizes the great “disciplinarity” of digital history, its ties with the subject area of historical science. The author of the book does not ignore quantitative methods either.  His idea of the proximity of textuality and visuality seems to be interesting as well.At the same time, H. Salmi's monograph (traditionally for digital humanities) simplifies rather complex process of mathematization and informatization of humanitarian research in the second half of the 20th century. It seems that when describing the digital past, excessive attention is paid to technological progress while methods and technologies of digital data processing are relatively less in the focus.It can be concluded that the information support of historical studies can give digital history the necessary integrity and indicate a promising vector of its development.
Export of Goods from an Agrarian Region: Network and Geoinformation Analysis of Bank Payments in Orlovskaya Guberniya in the Second Half of the 19th Century
Authors: Salomatina Sofya , Garskova Irina Markovna , Valetov Timur Yakubovich
Published: May 2021

The article analyzes money flows associated with agricultural products exports from Orlovskaya Guberniya which help the authors to trace the geography of incomes from interregional trade and conclude about the economic changes in this agrarian region. The source base is statistics of interregional bank transfers, loans against goods transported by railways and bills of exchange with the payment outside the guberniya. These statistics refer to the Oryol Commercial Bank and the Oryol and Yelets branches of the State Bank of the Russian Empire in 1868, 1878, 1888 and 1898. Network and spatial analysis are applied to these data. To interpret the results the authors use narrative sources telling about the economical state of Orlovskaya Gubernia. The study concludes that the Riga-Oryol railway that assigned the gubeniya the interregional trade status partially lost its importance in 1890 as far as exports from the Black Earth Region are concerned. This led to more diversified form of profits based on agricultural products trade. Big money flows from St. Petersburg and Moscow can be explained not only by payment for goods but also by broader ties of the guberniya with the capitals. The latter fact requires further study. Exports to the southern regions of European Russia were less important and those to the east were negligible. In the 1890s many new interregional railways stimulated sharp trade increase within the Central Black Earth Region, but this phenomenon of regional development has also been poorly studied.