bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shockwave effects in the technology of meat raw material processing
Authors: Gorbunova N. A.
Published: April 2022

Meat tenderness is recognized as the most important quality characteristic determining consumer acceptability of fresh meat and meat products. Therefore, the development of effective methods for meat tenderization is a topical direction. The review considers the main aspects of the development of shockwave (SW) technology as an alternative method for meat tenderization. The paper analyzes the means of shockwave formation as well as possible mechanisms responsible for meat tenderization caused by shockwave treatment and related to the energy dissipation and mechanical load on the boundary zones of a biological material under processing. The results of the investigations of a shockwave effect on meat tenderness, microbial inactivation, structure and assimilability of muscle protein and other functional and technological properties of a product are presented. The majority of researchers who studied a SW effect on meat tenderization showed different degrees of the improvement in the Warner-Bratzler shear force and increase in sensory scores of meat tenderness. This review shows the main problems linked with commercialization of the meat treatment process using SW based on electrical discharges under water. This method of SW generation is considered safest but infeasible today due to occurrence of restrictions such as damage of packaging materials after treatment, a need to ensure effective SW propagation in a commercial unit and determine optimal treatment parameters in the process of shockwave tenderization. Furthermore, potential possibilities of using shockwave technologies in the food industry are discussed. In particular, shockwave treatment upon extraction is an effective method for extracting juice/ oil/ bioactive components from various plant materials, which can be used as the pretreatment or independent process.
Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in meat and meat products
Authors: Aoudeh E. , Oz E. , Khan M. R. , Oz F.
Published: April 2022

Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds are persistent organic pollutants that received considerable attention in recent years due to their high potential toxicity, wide distribution and extreme stability. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) mainly occur in the environment as a result of several human activities including combustion, incineration and many other industrial activities, whereas polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) congeners were intentionally manufactured and widely used in various fields. Since dioxin and dioxin-like compounds are found in various environmental compartments (air, water, soil, sludge, sediment, food, feed, blood, animal and human tissues), humans could be exposed to them via inhalation, dermal contact or food ingestion. However, 90% of human exposure to dioxin is through food ingestion particularly foods from animals and foods that are rich in fat. In contrast, only low levels have been found in food items of plant origin. Exposure to dioxin compounds is associated with various adverse health problems. However, their toxicity varies dramatically according to the type of dioxin, species of exposed organism, as well as exposure frequency and duration. Dioxins are mainly determined by instrumental chromatographic methods such as GC-HRMS and GC–MS/MS. Many efforts have been made to remove, reduce and prevent these hazardous substances from the environment. However, the best method for reducing human exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds is controlling and minimizing their production. In this article, structures, sources, exposure, toxicity and analysis methods of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in meat and other foods were reviewed.
Asymmetric transport in long-range interacting chiral spin chains
Authors: Vahedi Javad
Published: April 2022

Harnessing power-law interactions (1/r^\alpha1/rα)
in a large variety of physical systems are increasing. We study the
dynamics of chiral spin chains as a possible multi-directional quantum
channel. This arises from the nonlinear character of the dispersion with
complex quantum interference effects. Using complementary numerical and
analytical techniques, we propose a model to guide quantum states to a
desired direction. We illustrate our approach using the long-range XXZ
model modulated by Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction. By exploring
non-equilibrium dynamics after a local quantum quench, we identify the
interplay of interaction range \alphaα
and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya coupling giving rise to an appreciable
asymmetric spin excitations transport. This could be interesting for
quantum information protocols to transfer quantum states, and it may be
testable with current trapped-ion experiments. We further explore the
growth of block entanglement entropy in these systems, and an order of
magnitude reduction is distinguished.
Consumer Qualities and Potential Relevance of Dairy Alternatives from Domestic Beans and Peas
Authors: Veber Anna , Leonova Svetlana , Kondrateva Oksana
Published: April 2022

The contemporary market of dairy alternatives offers non-alcohol beverages of plant origin, fermented beverages, tofu, etc. Non-alcohol beverages from germinated beans and peas of Russian varieties are new for Russian consumers. This research featured their prospective market demand, key performance criteria, and market capacity.

The research featured functional products based on vegetable dispersion from germinated peas and beans of Russian cultivars, e.g. beverages, ice cream, tofu, bakery products, etc. The experiment involved standard qualitative and quantitative methods of marketing research and physicochemical studies.

The market analysis of consumer preferences for dairy alternatives established that 29.1% of the population and 70.9% of non-regular customers consistently consume dairy alternatives. The most common segment of population (91.4%) included women aged 20–50. As for the demand, the research provided a ranked list of consumer requirements; each product was tested for compliance with consumer requirements. The Russian bean and pea cultivars were differentiated according to target use. The developed products proved cheaper than their market analogues. In addition, they meet the safety requirements and have fewer calories and more proteins.

The new dairy alternatives appeared to have good competitive quality indicators and are likely to have a high market demand.
New Nitrogen-Containing Raw Materials in Distillate Technology
Authors: Krikunova Ludmila , Dubinina Elena , Peschanskaya Violetta , Ulyanova Ekaterina
Published: April 2022

Grain bran is used mostly in animal farming and food industry. However, grain bran can also serve as an alternative source of nitrogenous substances in distillate technology. The present research objective was to study the complex of water-soluble nitrogenous compounds in grain bran and to identify the effect of the bran type and its granulometric characteristics on their composition and concentration.

The research featured 30 industrial grain samples of wheat, rye, and triticale, as well as the corresponding bran samples. The total protein was determined by the Kjeldahl method, the size modulus – by sieving. In the bran aqueous phase, the protein content was measured using the Lowry method, the amine nitrogen content – by the copper method, and the free amino acid content – by the high-performance liquid chromatography.

In bran, the content of total protein increased by 16–28%, the proportion of water-soluble forms of nitrogenous compounds increased by 6–29%, and the free amino acids increased by 1.4–2.3 times, if compared with the grain samples. The proportion of soluble proteins in the rye bran was 15–30% higher than in other types. The types of bran had a different content of individual amino acids. A high correlation was observed between the modulus of the bran size, the mass concentration of soluble proteins, and the free amino acids. The proportion of soluble proteins reached 44.1% as the size modulus decreased. The samples of rye bran demonstrated the maximal growth of this indicator. Bran, regardless of the type of raw material and particle size distribution, had a higher concentration of free amino acids in comparison with the original grain. The experiment revealed the following linear dependence: the proportion of free amino acids in bran increased by 46–54% as the size modulus decreased by 0.72–0.85. The article introduces linear dependence equations for each type of bran, as well as the percentage of free amino acids for the change in the size modulus per unit.

Aqueous extracts of small-size rye grain bran proved to have good prospects for distillate technology. According to the evaluation of the nitrogen-containing complex of various grain bran types, small-size rye bran had more advantages in terms of soluble protein forms and free amino acids. Further research will feature the fermentation activity of yeast in distillate production to develop specific sensory properties.
Regional Experience in Supporting the Development of Agricultural Consumer Cooperation
Authors: Suray Natalya , Mirgorodskaya Marina , Kuraev Aleksey , Burlankov Petr , Melnikova Yulia
Published: April 2022

The development of agricultural consumer cooperation in Russia is one of the main tasks of national food security. The research objective was to analyze the current state of agricultural consumer cooperation in the Lipetsk region, Altai Territory, and the Republic of Tatarstan, as well as their development prospects

The research featured agricultural consumer cooperatives and their market environment. It was based on empirical methods, analysis, synthesis, modeling, and abstraction.

The paper introduces various patterns of formation and development of agricultural cooperation at the regional level. In the Lipetsk region, the number of agricultural consumer cooperatives was found to increase every year. The regional three-level system for managing the development of “region – district – settlement” cooperation proved to be very effective, as did the local cooperation development institutions. The Altai territory appeared to have implemented a pilot model of agricultural consumer cooperation. This model allows cattle farmers who received financial support from the Agrostartup to sell their products to a cooperative. In the Republic of Tatarstan, agricultural consumer cooperation is based on models that are specific for each area.

The Lipetsk region appeared to be on the cutting edge of cooperation development. The three-level management they use coordinates the efforts of local authorities and regional governments in the chain “settlement – district – region”. This integrated approach provides an effective regional system of agricultural consumer cooperation in the Russian Federation.
Pulsed Electric Field Processing as an Effective Tomato Peeling Method
Authors: Khudyakov Dmitry , Sosnin Maxim , Munassar Emad M. A. , Techakanon Chukwan , Siemer Claudia , Toepfl Stefan , Shorstkii Ivan
Published: April 2022

Electrophysical technologies are a global trend of sustainable agriculture and food industry. Peeling is an energy-intensive procedure of fruit and vegetable processing. The research featured the effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment on tomato peeling effectiveness. The assessment included such factors as specific effort, energy costs, and product losses in comparison with thermal and electrophysical methods.

Tomatoes of Aurora variety underwent a PEF treatment at 1 kV/cm. The expended specific energy was 1, 5, and 10 kJ/kg. The tomatoes were visually evaluated with optical microscopy before and after processing. The peeling effectiveness and mass loss were measured with a texture analyzer and digital scales.

The PEF treatment decreased the specific force of mechanical peel removal by 10% (P < 0.05). The mass loss decreased by 4% (P < 0.05) at 1 kJ/kg. The PEF method resulted in cell electroporation, which activated the internal mass transfer of moisture from the endocarp region between the mesocarp and the integumentary tissue. The hydrostatic pressure produced a layer of liquid, which facilitated the peeling.

In comparison with thermal treatment (blanching), ohmic heating, and ultrasonic processing, the PEF technology had the lowest production losses and energy costs. The research proves the prospects of the PEF treatment in commercial tomato processing.
Psychological Profile of Patients with Myocardial Infarction: from Risk Group to Rehabilitation
Authors: Elzesser A. S. , Kadyrov R. V. , Kapustina T. V.
Published: April 2022

High morbidity and mortality make cardiovascular diseases socially significant. The Health Development Strategy of the Russian Federation though 2025 states the importance of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. This research featured the psychological profile of patients with myocardial infarction at different stages: 1) risk of myocardial infarction, 2) soon after myocardial infarction, 3) after rehabilitation. The study involved 159 patients aged 38–47, including those at risk (43), those soon after a heart attack (39), those after rehabilitation (37), and a conditionally healthy control group (40). The psychological characteristics were assessed using a number of psychodiagnostic methods and included cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components of personality. The obtained data were processed using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test (significance level=0.05) and calculated with STATISTICA 10.0. The research revealed active early maladaptive schemes. At all stages, the patients experienced a contradictory combination of the need for approval and intransigence in relation to other people's mistakes, high anxiety and irritability, non-constructive strategies for coping with stress, and a low level of reflexivity. These factors were interconnected, caused destructive behavior, and increased the psycho-emotional stress. The research also covered the attitude to the past, present, and future at different stages of disease development. The trends revealed the effect of psychological profile on behavioral factors that could increase the risk of primary and recurrent myocardial infarction. The results can help specialists to improve the existing psychological support programs for cardiovascular patients, develop preventive measures for risk groups, and identify targets for psychotherapeutic work with these two categories.
Green Technology: Color Metaphor in Professional Discourse
Authors: Tikhonova I. B.
Published: April 2022

The transition to the paradigm of sustainable development and safe production has provoked an exponential increase in the number of scientific papers on the topic of green technology. This article deals with the linguacognitive approach to the metaphor of green technology and the modeling potential of this color metaphor. The research was based on ten scientific articles on green technology published in 2011–2020 in different countries. The analysis involved traditional linguistic methods in combination with a discursive-cognitive approach, as well as a corpus and contextual analysis supplemented by statistical and bibliometric methods. The author identified the conceptual core of the green technology discourse and organized the conceptual domain into a framework structure. The cognitive approach facilitated the identification of non-semantic elements of meaning, e.g. emotional and sensory reactions, psychological associations, positive attitude, etc., i.e. the total aura of meanings around the color green which are superimposed on the professional context and determine the vector of its interpretation. The article introduces this metaphorical model as a lexical manifestation of professional discourse of sustainable production and development.
Difficult Happiness of Mikhail Lermontov's Heroes: The Pursuit of Happiness by a Truly Unhappy Man
Authors: Rudakova S. V. , Petrov A. V.
Published: April 2022

The concept of happiness is actively discussed in various areas of modern science. The present article features the phenomenon of happiness in M. Lermontov’s fiction. The statistical data were obtained from the national corpus of the Russian language. The subcorpus of Lermontov’s fiction was analyzed for such lexemes ashappiness, misery, happy, andbliss. The authors used systemic and phenomenological approaches, as well as hermeneutic, analytical, statistical, and interpretive methods, to reveal the peculiarities of happiness in Lermontov's artistic world and to examine the paradoxical nature of the characters' ideas of happiness. For most personages, happiness determines the search for the meaning of life and destiny. Some characters believe that happiness is possible in this life. For example,Ashik-Keribis a story of finding a multifaceted kind of true happiness. Other personages believe that happiness cannot be achieved and that man is a fundamentally miserable creature. However, all Lermontov's characters keep looking for happiness. The article introduces the spheres and conditions that Lermontov's heroes associate with happiness. It focuses on Pechyorin fromThe Hero of Our Time,his ideas about weird people, happiness, and misery.
Internet and Social Networks as Channels of Communication between Political Parties and Voters in the Kemerovo Region: an Internet Content Analysis
Authors: Alagoz Nataly
Published: April 2022

The research featured websites and Instagram accounts of Kuzbass branches of various political parties. The research objective was to identify the quantitative and qualitative features of the information content using T. Parsons' theory of structural functionalism and the methods of systematic and comparative approach, as well as the method of content analysis. The parties used various types of content in different proportions. The official websites and Instagram accounts shared the same content network, the latter being more representative in terms of news content. The United Russia proved to be the most active party in such aspects as communication with potential voters and the amount, frequency, and variety of posts. The Just Russia party mostly popularized its electoral campaign program. The Communist Party and the Liberal Democratic Party had low quality indicators of news content. The author believes that the Internet communication had a strong effect on the campaign of September 2021 in the Kemerovo Region.
Semiotics of Corporate Culture of Students in the Kuzbass Flagship University
Authors: Kalashnikova Anna , Poselenova Evgeniya , Ineshina Svetlana , Nalegach Natal'ya , Ragimova Farida , Sinegubova Kapitalina
Published: April 2022

This research featured the semiotics of student corporate culture at the Kemerovo State University (Kemerovo, Russia) and the concept of corporate campus culture in scientific literature. Corporate culture unites the semiotics of behavioral patterns, university events, student communities, university media, etc. New subjects of the academic process get integrated into the established corporate culture according to the basic laws of the semiosphere, i.e. rituals and initiations. The initiation character of university culture can be explained by the fact that students find themselves in threshold situations much more often than members of other social groups. Academics (mentors) pass the code of university ethics to students (neophytes). Not only do academic activities develop knowledge and skills, but they also integrate students into the new sociocultural environment, promote their development, and encourage self-realization, thus emphasizing their belonging to the university community. In the modern digital environment, university media are especially important for corporate culture. At the Kemerovo State University, students publish newspapers and make TV programs. University media consolidate the corporate members, i.e. students, academic staff, and employees, as well as attract the external audience, i.e. applicants, partner organizations, etc. Traditional forms with updated content proved to be the most effective ways of including first-year students in corporate culture.
Interdisciplinary Analysis of the Scientific Category of Professional Identity
Authors: P'yankova Lyudmila
Published: April 2022

The present article introduces the concept of professional identity. The term defines not only a significant social phenomenon, but also a structural and complex problem that affects economic relations, professional motives of students, and the level of their professional training. The author approaches the concept of professional identity from the epistemological, economic, and cultural aspects in order to highlight its fundamental features. Thus, professional identity is 1) the driving force of self-development that defines the relationship between external causes and internal conditions; 2) an active, conscious, incomplete, open, and cyclical process associated with an identity crisis, which is resolved by choosing the trajectory of further development and career path; 3) a significant cycle of adolescence; 4) a cognitive process aimed at analyzing and solving the life situation; 5) the result of career choice, i.e. a conscious activity to achieve psychological readiness for choice; 6) a kind of self-identification based on the criteria of economic well-being, as well as social and financial prosperity; 7) it depends on the culture and society and can be interpreted through the construct of career choice; 8) a system and a process that continue the socio-economic policy of the state. According to the economic approach, the main criterion of professional identity is one’s desire to achieve a high quality of life. In Russia, this process takes place in conditions of limited choice.
Evaluation of Academic Information System Using Delone and Mclane Success Model: A Case Study ff Academic Information System Hasanuddin University
Authors: Rachmat Andrisasmita , Hamzah Baharuddin , Niswar Muhammad
Published: April 2022

This study examines the effectiveness of the utilization (individual impact) of academic information systems at Hasanuddin University using the DeLone and McLean information system success model. This model has seven hypotheses to examine the construct relationships including system quality predicts user satisfaction (H1), information quality predicts user satisfaction (H2), system quality predicts actual use (H3), information quality predicts actual use (H4), user satisfaction predicts actual use (H5a), actual use predicts user satisfaction (H5b), user satisfaction predicts individual impact (H6), and actual use predicts individual impact (H7). We use structural equation modeling with Partial Least Square technique. The results show that H1, H2, H6, H7 have a significant positive impact and the remaining hypothesis have no significant positive impact. In conclusion, indicators that influence the effectiveness of using the system are on the system quality variable and the quality of information with the greatest influence on the quality of information.
Intention to Visit Tourist Destinations: The Effect of Using Mobile Tourism Recommender System on Visit Intention by Using TTF Aspects, Technological Features, and Social Motivation
Authors: Setiawan Suryana , Utami Nilamsari Putri , Dwi Anggara Mohammed Al Kwarizmi , Fikriansyah Muhamad Raihan , Nofriansyah Muhammad Daril , Azzahra Rania , Hidayanto Achmad Nizar
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine whether the use of the MTRS application can affect the intention to visit tourist destinations and the level of influence of the factors that can influence it. The model in this study involves the Task-Technology Fit (TTF) model and aspects, technological features, social motivation, visit intention, and use intention to identify visit intention. The method used to collect data in this research is a web-based online survey using Google Forms distributed through social media. The target respondents were individuals who had used the mobile tourism recommender system. Data from 213 valid respondents were processed and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the help of the SmartPLS application. The conclusion is that the use of the MTRS application can affect the intention to visit tourist destinations.
Antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from hospital wastewater in the Czech Republic
Authors: Roulová Nikola , Mot’ková Petra , Brožková Iveta , Pejchalová Marcela
Published: April 2022

Resistant bacteria may leave the hospital environment through wastewater. The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, due to its intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics and its ability to easily acquire antibiotic resistance determinants, poses a significant threat to public health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance profiles of cultivated P. aeruginosa in untreated hospital effluents in the Czech Republic. Fifty-nine P. aeruginosa strains isolated from six hospital wastewaters were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility through the disc diffusion method against seven antimicrobial agents. Resistance was found in all antibiotics tested. The highest resistance values were observed for ciprofloxacin (30.5%), gentamicin (28.8%), and meropenem (27.2%). The P. aeruginosa isolates also exhibited resistance to ceftazidime (11.5%), amikacin (11.5%), piperacillin-tazobactam (11.5%), and aztreonam (8.5%). Seventeen strains of P. aeruginosa (28.8%) were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). The results of this study revealed that antibiotic-resistant strains are commonly present in hospital wastewater and are resistant to clinically relevant antipseudomonal drugs. In the absence of an appropriate treatment process for hospital wastewater, resistant bacteria are released directly into public sewer networks, where they can serve as potential vectors for the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Greater Cairo water supply systems
Authors: Fouad Mahmoud M. , El-Gendy Ahmed S. , Khalil Mostafa M. H. , Razek Taha M. A.
Published: April 2022

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose a constant threat to the environment and public health. There are numerous activities in the Greater Cairo area that emit and release significant amounts of PAHs. Concentrations of these PAHs are released into the air and mixed with surface water, limiting its use. In this study, 17 PAH compounds are mapped at eight sites along the Nile River and its tributaries in Greater Cairo. In addition, their removal efficiency is evaluated with the conventional treatment in eight water treatment plants. PAHs were analyzed using GC–MS from January to December 2018. Naphthalene, anthracene, fluorene, pyrene, and phenanthrene were detected. The total amount of PAHs in raw water was highest in Shamal Helwan (1,325 ± 631 ng/l) and lowest in Mostorod (468 ± 329 ng/l), and the removal ranged from 25 to 31%. Further research is needed to integrate other techniques to reduce PAHs using the conventional treatment, and more efforts should be made to reduce the presence and release of PAHs in raw water.
Location identification of river bathymetric error based on the forward and reverse flow routing
Authors: Wang Jiabiao , Lei Xiaohui , Cai Siyu , Zhao Jianshi
Published: April 2022

River bathymetric data is fundamental to water flow simulation. In practice, due to measurement uncertainty and riverbed erosion and deposition, river bathymetric errors are inevitable. Therefore, identifying major cross sections with large bathymetric errors is of great significance. In this study, forward and reverse flow routing models were developed and then applied to obtain two different water stages for a specific cross section, which were respectively propagated from the upstream and downstream boundaries. The spatial variation of differences between the two calculated water stages was compared to quantify the influence of bathymetric errors, and then used as an indicator for the location identification of the bathymetric errors. After being tested and verified in a hypothetical river case, the identification method was then applied to the Xunjiang River case. The results show that the proposed method can effectively identify the cross sections with large bathymetric errors, and the identification performance is related to the flow magnitude. The research is valuable and practical to the improvement of river bathymetric data and the accuracy of water flow simulation.
Field solution to produce irrigation-drinking water by condensation irrigation system from seawater
Authors: Yousefi Bagher , Lindblom Jenny , Nordell Bo , Boroomand-Nasab Saeed , Chaibi M. Thameur
Published: April 2022

Condensation irrigation (CI) combines desalination with subsurface irrigation. Here, solar stills are used to heat and humidity air, which is condensed in underground drainage pipes to irrigate the soil, directly in the root zone. This article describes and evaluates a CI field test at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in Iran. The objective was to gain a deeper understanding of the CI system in the production of drinking and irrigation water and to do a detailed assessment of heat and moisture transfer in the soil. Perforated and unperforated PVC pipes were used in two separate experiments while airflow properties, soil temperature and humidity, and ambient air temperature were monitored. The system produced 6 kg of irrigation water during 8 hours in the 25 m long pipe. When using an unperforated pipe, 4 kg of freshwater was collected at the pipe ending after 8 hours of operation. The preliminary economic analysis of irrigation system indicates a payback time of less than six years.
Treatment of river water using modular gravity-driven ultrafiltration (GDU) for individual contingency water supply
Authors: Ishak Nur Ir Imani , Boon Seng Ooi , Juinn Chieh Derek Chan , Koe Zhen Yao Aaron , Ying Shi Chang , Qi Hwa Ng
Published: April 2022

In this work, hollow fibre ultrafiltration (UF) membrane operating under gravitational force were used to treat Escherichia coli bloomed water as well as contaminated surface water. The biofouling propensity of the UF membrane was investigated. The results showed that after the single filtration using the gravitational-driven UF unit, E. coli cells were accumulated on the membrane surface and gave fair rejection of 86.35–90.22% for initial E. coli cells concentrations of 5,000 and 10,000 MPN/ 100 mL, respectively. On the other hand, the double GDU membrane unit (filtration in series) could enhance E. coli removal up to 97.70–99.03% based on initial E. coli cell of 5,000 and 10,000 MPN/100 mL, respectively. For river water as feed, it was found that the permeate is free of pathogenic cells. No significant E. coli cells were found on the membrane surface of second filtration unit. Although there is ten-fold flux decrement by using a double filtration unit, the module is able to polish the contaminated water to potable water quality. The membrane could be cleaned using the simple backwash and the flux could be recovered up to 94%. In overall, this study has demonstrated the potential of using gravitational-driven UF to remove pathogens from contaminated river water.
Passive clauses argument structure of give verbs in corpus of contemporary American English (COCA)
Authors: Dewika Ni Putu Anna Purna , Sedeng I Nyoman , Mulyana Novita
Published: April 2022

This study is entitled Passive Clauses Argument Structure of Give Verbs in Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). It is concerned with the argument structure which is mapped to the grammatical relation. This study aimed to recognize the grammatical relations in passive clauses which have “give verbs”. This study is library research. The data of this study were taken from Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) which is concerned with passive clauses. To collect the data, the documentation method and note-taking technique were applied. The descriptive-qualitative method was applied in analyzing the data. The data were described and explained based on the theory argument structure and the theory of passive. Based on the analysis, the grammatical relation operated within passive clauses with the class of give verbs involves subject, object, and oblique. Verb feed, give, and pay in passive can be constructed with S-V, S-V-O, S-V-OBL, and S-V-O-OBL. However, the construction found with verb lease in passive is S-V and S-V-OBL. On the other hand, the possible construction found in verb lend in passive is S-V, S-V-OBL, and S-V-O.
Defending Paine’s agrarian justice and the “Ground-rent”
Authors: Weber Michael E.
Published: April 2022

Thomas Paine’s Agrarian Justice deserves more attention than it has received, for in it Paine providesa foundational case for a broad social welfare program that is absent in his better-known Rights ofMan. In this paper, I explain Paine’s case in Agrarian Justice, and consider the objection that the mainrevenue source Paine proposes—the “ground-rent”—is insufficient to fund the social welfareprograms he proposes because in the production of value the contribution attributable to naturalresources is insignificant. I argue that the ground-rent justifies levying a tax not just on the value ofthe natural resources used in the production of value, but on a portion of the value of the labor appliedto those resources, and therefore can be a significant revenue source. Similar considerations apply toresource-based taxation schemes suggested by others, including Henry George, Thomas Pogge, andsome modern “left-libertarians”.
Rawls against Rawls: on the political value of social association
Authors: Grand Jérôme
Published: April 2022

This study focuses on the paradigmatic category of social association to question the general treatment of freedom of association in theories of justice. Social associations are organised, voluntary, and secondary associations that do not have any particular economic or political function and are not related to any external authority. This category is deployed to re-examine the relationship between freedom of association and the two moral powers. I support the argument that freedom of social association is not only an institutional condition for conscience, as stated by Rawls, but also has an evident direct connection with both moral powers. In particular, I show that it enables individuals to lead a life that they collectively affirm to be reasonable and valuable and develop a sense of value and confidence in their own abilities. This is the fundamental associative interest we have in self-respect, which has been rendered philosophically invisible in political liberalism by the category of nonpolitical association. I show that social associations and the right to establish such an association have a special importance for self-respect, and especially, for its social bases and I argue that institutions should provide citizens opportunities for the personal circumstances of self-respect in ensuring the social conditions necessary to establish social associations.
The politics of sweatshop labour
Authors: Pötzsch Janelle
Published: April 2022

This paper provides a political account of sweatshop labour by highlighting the role of political actorsin establishing and sustaining exploitative working conditions in global sweatshops. In academicdebates on sweatshop labour, the focus has been mostly on the responsibility of business or consumers(cf. Arnold & Bowie, 2007; Meyers, 2007; Zoller, 2015), although there are some authors who dealwith the role of trade unions and civil society (cf. Kabeer, 2000). To provide a broader picture, I drawon the differentiation between extractive and inclusive institutions made by development economistsAcemoglu and Robinson (2013) and apply this account to the sweatshop issue. I argue that sweatshopsare a political rather than an economic problem, and substantiate my claim by drawing on the Chinesehousehold registration system hukou, and the political background conditions in Bangladesh.
Automony skills in liberal dependency care. On Asha Bhandary’s freedom to care
Authors: Glantzi Evangelia A.
Published: April 2022

AUTONOMY SKILLS IN LIBERAL DEPENDENCY CARE. ON ASHA BHANDARY’S FREEDOM TO CARE
Outcomes, Measurement Instruments, and Their Validity Evidence in Randomized Controlled Trials on Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality in Undergraduate Medical Education: Systematic Mapping Review
Authors: Tudor Car Lorainne , Kyaw Bhone Myint , Teo Andrew , Fox Tatiana Erlikh , Vimalesvaran Sunitha , Apfelbacher Christian , Kemp Sandra , Chavannes Niels
Published: April 2022

Background

Extended reality, which encompasses virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR), is increasingly used in medical education. Studies assessing the effectiveness of these new educational modalities should measure relevant outcomes using outcome measurement tools with validity evidence.

Objective

Our aim is to determine the choice of outcomes, measurement instruments, and the use of measurement instruments with validity evidence in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness of VR, AR, and MR in medical student education.

Methods

We conducted a systematic mapping review. We searched 7 major bibliographic databases from January 1990 to April 2020, and 2 reviewers screened the citations and extracted data independently from the included studies. We report our findings in line with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines.

Results

Of the 126 retrieved RCTs, 115 (91.3%) were on VR and 11 (8.7%) were on AR. No RCT on MR in medical student education was found. Of the 115 studies on VR, 64 (55.6%) were on VR simulators, 30 (26.1%) on screen-based VR, 9 (7.8%) on VR patient simulations, and 12 (10.4%) on VR serious games. Most studies reported only a single outcome and immediate postintervention assessment data. Skills outcome was the most common outcome reported in studies on VR simulators (97%), VR patient simulations (100%), and AR (73%). Knowledge was the most common outcome reported in studies on screen-based VR (80%) and VR serious games (58%). Less common outcomes included participants’ attitudes, satisfaction, cognitive or mental load, learning efficacy, engagement or self-efficacy beliefs, emotional state, competency developed, and patient outcomes. At least one form of validity evidence was found in approximately half of the studies on VR simulators (55%), VR patient simulations (56%), VR serious games (58%), and AR (55%) and in a quarter of the studies on screen-based VR (27%). Most studies used assessment methods that were implemented in a nondigital format, such as paper-based written exercises or in-person assessments where examiners observed performance (72%).

Conclusions

RCTs on VR and AR in medical education report a restricted range of outcomes, mostly skills and knowledge. The studies largely report immediate postintervention outcome data and use assessment methods that are in a nondigital format. Future RCTs should include a broader set of outcomes, report on the validity evidence of the measurement instruments used, and explore the use of assessments that are implemented digitally.
Outcomes, Measurement Instruments, and Their Validity Evidence in Randomized Controlled Trials on Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality in Undergraduate Medical Education: Systematic Mapping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Tudor Car Lorainne , Kyaw Bhone Myint , Teo Andrew , Fox Tatiana Erlikh , Vimalesvaran Sunitha , Apfelbacher Christian , Kemp Sandra , Chavannes Niels
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Extended reality, which encompasses virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR), is increasingly used in medical education. Studies assessing the effectiveness of these new educational modalities should measure relevant outcomes using outcome measurement tools with validity evidence.

OBJECTIVE

Our aim is to determine the choice of outcomes, measurement instruments, and the use of measurement instruments with validity evidence in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness of VR, AR, and MR in medical student education.

METHODS

We conducted a systematic mapping review. We searched 7 major bibliographic databases from January 1990 to April 2020, and 2 reviewers screened the citations and extracted data independently from the included studies. We report our findings in line with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines.

RESULTS

Of the 126 retrieved RCTs, 115 (91.3%) were on VR and 11 (8.7%) were on AR. No RCT on MR in medical student education was found. Of the 115 studies on VR, 64 (55.6%) were on VR simulators, 30 (26.1%) on screen-based VR, 9 (7.8%) on VR patient simulations, and 12 (10.4%) on VR serious games. Most studies reported only a single outcome and immediate postintervention assessment data. Skills outcome was the most common outcome reported in studies on VR simulators (97%), VR patient simulations (100%), and AR (73%). Knowledge was the most common outcome reported in studies on screen-based VR (80%) and VR serious games (58%). Less common outcomes included participants’ attitudes, satisfaction, cognitive or mental load, learning efficacy, engagement or self-efficacy beliefs, emotional state, competency developed, and patient outcomes. At least one form of validity evidence was found in approximately half of the studies on VR simulators (55%), VR patient simulations (56%), VR serious games (58%), and AR (55%) and in a quarter of the studies on screen-based VR (27%). Most studies used assessment methods that were implemented in a nondigital format, such as paper-based written exercises or in-person assessments where examiners observed performance (72%).

CONCLUSIONS

RCTs on VR and AR in medical education report a restricted range of outcomes, mostly skills and knowledge. The studies largely report immediate postintervention outcome data and use assessment methods that are in a nondigital format. Future RCTs should include a broader set of outcomes, report on the validity evidence of the measurement instruments used, and explore the use of assessments that are implemented digitally.
Predicting Sepsis Mortality in a Population-Based National Database: Machine Learning Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Park James Yeongjun , Hsu Tzu-Chun , Hu Jiun-Ruey , Chen Chun-Yuan , Hsu Wan-Ting , Lee Matthew , Ho Joshua , Lee Chien-Chang
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Although machine learning (ML) algorithms have been applied to point-of-care sepsis prognostication, ML has not been used to predict sepsis mortality in an administrative database. Therefore, we examined the performance of common ML algorithms in predicting sepsis mortality in adult patients with sepsis and compared it with that of the conventional context knowledge–based logistic regression approach.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to examine the performance of common ML algorithms in predicting sepsis mortality in adult patients with sepsis and compare it with that of the conventional context knowledge–based logistic regression approach.

METHODS

We examined inpatient admissions for sepsis in the US National Inpatient Sample using hospitalizations in 2010-2013 as the training data set. We developed four ML models to predict in-hospital mortality: logistic regression with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regularization, random forest, gradient-boosted decision tree, and deep neural network. To estimate their performance, we compared our models with the Super Learner model. Using hospitalizations in 2014 as the testing data set, we examined the models’ area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), confusion matrix results, and net reclassification improvement.

RESULTS

Hospitalizations of 923,759 adults were included in the analysis. Compared with the reference logistic regression (AUC: 0.786, 95% CI 0.783-0.788), all ML models showed superior discriminative ability (P<.001), including logistic regression with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regularization (AUC: 0.878, 95% CI 0.876-0.879), random forest (AUC: 0.878, 95% CI 0.877-0.880), xgboost (AUC: 0.888, 95% CI 0.886-0.889), and neural network (AUC: 0.893, 95% CI 0.891-0.895). All 4 ML models showed higher sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value compared with the reference logistic regression model (P<.001). We obtained similar results from the Super Learner model (AUC: 0.883, 95% CI 0.881-0.885).

CONCLUSIONS

ML approaches can improve sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, discrimination, and calibration in predicting in-hospital mortality in patients hospitalized with sepsis in the United States. These models need further validation and could be applied to develop more accurate models to compare risk-standardized mortality rates across hospitals and geographic regions, paving the way for research and policy initiatives studying disparities in sepsis care.

CLINICALTRIAL
Identifying Frames of the COVID-19 Infodemic: Thematic Analysis of Misinformation Stories Across Media (Preprint)
Authors: Mohammadi Ehsan , Tahamtan Iman , Mansourian Yazdan , Overton Holly
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

The word “infodemic” refers to the deluge of false information about an event, and it is a global challenge for today’s society. The sheer volume of misinformation circulating during the COVID-19 pandemic has been harmful to people around the world. Therefore, it is important to study different aspects of misinformation related to the pandemic.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aimed to identify the main subthemes related to COVID-19 misinformation on various platforms, from traditional outlets to social media. This paper aimed to place these subthemes into categories, track the changes, and explore patterns in prevalence, over time, across different platforms and contexts.

METHODS

From a theoretical perspective, this research was rooted in framing theory; it also employed thematic analysis to identify the main themes and subthemes related to COVID-19 misinformation. The data were collected from 8 fact-checking websites that formed a sample of 127 pieces of false COVID-19 news published from January 1, 2020 to March 30, 2020.

RESULTS

The findings revealed 4 main themes (attribution, impact, protection and solutions, and politics) and 19 unique subthemes within those themes related to COVID-19 misinformation. Governmental and political organizations (institutional level) and administrators and politicians (individual level) were the 2 most frequent subthemes, followed by origination and source, home remedies, fake statistics, treatments, drugs, and pseudoscience, among others. Results indicate that the prevalence of misinformation subthemes had altered over time between January 2020 and March 2020. For instance, false stories about the origin and source of the virus were frequent initially (January). Misinformation regarding home remedies became a prominent subtheme in the middle (February), while false information related to government organizations and politicians became popular later (March). Although conspiracy theory web pages and social media outlets were the primary sources of misinformation, surprisingly, results revealed trusted platforms such as official government outlets and news organizations were also avenues for creating COVID-19 misinformation.

CONCLUSIONS

The identified themes in this study reflect some of the information attitudes and behaviors, such as denial, uncertainty, consequences, and solution-seeking, that provided rich information grounds to create different types of misinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some themes also indicate that the application of effective communication strategies and the creation of timely content were used to persuade human minds with false stories in different phases of the crisis. The findings of this study can be beneficial for communication officers, information professionals, and policy makers to combat misinformation in future global health crises or related events.