bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Léxico Sanmarquino: estudio Lexicográfico preliminar
Authors: Portilla-Durand Luisa
Published: November 2020

Haensch y otros señalan que la lexicografía «está estrechamente relacionada con la vida humana en sus aspectos más variados», por lo que es la disciplina «que mayores servicios presta a la colectividad» (1982, p. 12). Así, con en el estudio preliminar del léxico sanmarquino se busca evidenciar el aporte de la Lexicografía no solo a la investigación lingüística sino también a la investigación histórica y social. Los diccionarios ofrecen «acervos léxicos, que sin lugar a dudas son el elemento central de la riqueza de las lenguas y de la posibilidad humana de conservar la memoria de sus experiencias compartidas» (Lara, 2006, p. 144). En tal sentido, si los repertorios léxicos de cualquier índole no se registran, se pierde la posibilidad de conocer la riqueza de las lenguas y se pierde también la memoria de las experiencias compartidas por sus hablantes. En el léxico sanmarquino, a partir de conceptos de la Lexicografía moderna, se aborda el estudio lexicográfico de la lengua juvenil, se proponen definiciones y se identifican algunos procesos de formación del léxico coloquial usado por los estudiantes sanmarquinos de pregrado.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Use of E-Cigarettes
Authors: Puharić Zrinka , Smola Valentina , Žulec Mirna , Grabovac Stjepan , Puharić Filip , Petričević Nina
Published: November 2020

Aim: Investigate knowledge, attitudes and use of e-cigarettes among Croatian population with validated online questionnaire. Methods: Study included 531 subjects who volunteered to participate and was done using online anonymous questionnaire in 2017; the link to questionnaire was on social media on the University of Applied Sciences Official web site. To limit duplicate responses, one response per IP address was permitted. Specially designed questionnaire using internationally validated surveys: „The young people in Scotland schools omnibus 2014: questions on e-cigarettes“, “Monitoring the future-National survey results on drug results” and The European commission-Special Eurobarometer Report-Attitudes of Europeans towards tobacco and electronic cigarettes. Results: There were 379 (71.4%) women and 152 (28.6%) men in the study. Almost all (97.9%) participants have heard of e-cigarettes. The prevalence rate of the current use of e-cigarettes is (5.8%) of all respondents-9.2% men and 4.5% women. Men know more about e-cigarettes (χ²=8.573, ss=2, p=0.014), and use it more often than women (χ²=4.406, ss=1, p=0.036). The largest number of users are in the age group of 18-30 years, and the largest number of respondents who are seeing advertisements for e-cigarettes see them in social media. People with lower education have tried e-cigarettes more than people with higher level of education (χ²=9.750, ss=3, p=0.020). Cigarettes smokers have more knowledge about composition of e-cigarettes (χ²=7.966, ss=2, p=0.019) and more of them tried e-cigarettes than non-smokers (χ²=5.576, ss=1, p=0.018). Conclusion: Questions related to knowledge show a lack of knowledge of the general population about possible consequences of long-term use e-cigarettes that can be expected. Populations at risk of consuming are younger men, having residency in the city, high school graduates, smokers and former smokers, so public health programs should be created and implemented to that population in cooperation with the educational and health sector.
Epidemiologija problema mentalnog zdravlja u mladih s područja Osijeka, korištenjem upitnika snaga i teškoća (SDQ)
Authors: Holik Dubravka , Kribl Marija , Milostić-Srb Andrea , Nujić Danijela
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Mental disorders begin at an early age. Screening is the first step in early intervention for the mental health problems of children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of mental health problems among adolescents from Osijek, to early detect the risks of possible mental disorders, and to analyse gender differences. Materials and methods: The main screening instrument was The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which assesses the emotional and behavioural difficulties of children and adolescents, as well as the prosocial skills. Over 5 school years (2012/13-2016/17), a total of 5787 students were examined. 5514 (95.3%) first-year students from 16 high schools and 273 (4.7%) seventh-grade students from 10 elementary schools were examined in the City of Osijek. Results: 10.4% of students had the borderline or abnormal score on the Total difficulties score. Girls had higher scores on the Total difficulties score (p<0.01), Emotional symptoms subscale (p<0.01), Prosocial behaviour subscale (p<0.01), and on the Hyperactivity/inattention subscale (p<0.01). On the Conduct problems subscale and the Peer relationships problem subscale, boys scored significantly higher than the girls (p<0.01). Conclusion: In the Osijek area, girls are more affected by mental problems than boys, scoring higher on the total scale, as well as on the emotional and hyperactivity scale. Whereas boys scored higher on the conduct and peer relationship scales. The data obtained through this screening allows for further planning of public health measures, preventive activities, treatment, and mental health promotion.
Correlation Between the Severity of Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Sleep Quality in Adult Patients
Authors: Gabriella Clarisa Christina , Wigati Kristanti Wanito , Sutikno Budi
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) usually accompanied by one of the symptoms (nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea) and one of associated symptoms (facial pain and/or hyposmia/anosmia). In addition, most of CRS sufferers have poor sleep quality. Thus, we aim to determine the relationship between the severity of CRS and sleep quality in adult patients.Methods: This study was cross-sectional method study. Consecutive sampling technique with estimate a proportion in finite population formula was used. The variables studied were the CRS severity based on visual analogue scale (VAS), and subjects’ sleep quality based on the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). The data collection was carried out using a questionnaire and analyzed using chi-square test and continued with fisher’s exact test.Results: Of the 24 study subjects, 45.8% were male and 54.2% female. 83.3% had a nasal obstruction, 66.7% had rhinorrhea, 54.2% had hyposmia/anosmia, and 66.7% had facial pain. The severity of subject was mild, moderate and severe by 41,67%, 29,17%, and 41,67% respectively. 87.5% had poor sleep quality. There was no significant correlation between the severity of CRS and sleep quality (p=1,00).Conclusion: Although there was no correlation between CRS severity and sleep quality in adult patients, but CRS patients in general had poor sleep.Further study using more subjects, apply objective assessments, and include other more specific will help describe the correlation in population.
Organ Damage due to Elevation of Blood Pressure on NaCl-induced
Authors: Salim Hotimah Masdan , Alam Ilham Putra , Kharisma Widya Dio
Published: November 2020

Introduction: High salt diet is known to induce or aggravate hypertension in hypertensive rats and humans. The elevation of blood pressure by NaCl-induced promotes cardiac hypertrophy, the impairment of left ventricular relaxation, endothelial dysfunction, and kidney injury. This study aimed to examine whether NaCl-induced caused increase blood pressure and weight of organs. Methods: Eight weeks old male Mus musculus were divided to two groups, one group was given NaCl 8% by intraperitoneal injection for 8 hours.Results: Blood pressure was measured previously, in this study systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased significantly (p < 0.05). The increasing of blood pressure was followed by significant increase in organ weight, such as heart and kidney (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This result suggested that NaCl-induced caused hypertension and increased organs weight that may cause early process of damages in organs.
Bactericidal Effects of Extract Basil Leaves in In-vitro Study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Romadhani Deny Febriwijaya , Fahmy Achmad Hilman , Alam Ilham Putera , Salim Hotimah Masdan
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common bacterial cause of nosocomial infections. Bacteria become resistant to antibiotics by various mechanisms, including producing enzymes that can damage antibiotics, change intracellular targets from antibiotics, and efflux pumps. Basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) is a traditional plant that is usually used as ingredients that contain antibacterial compounds including flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and eugenol. The aim was to determine the effectiveness of extract basil leaves for inhibiting and killing the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Methods: We administrated extract basil leaves with a concentration of 100%, 50%, and 25% in the plate contained bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The result showed that there was no inhibition of bacterial growth in broth dilution for 8 hours and 24 hours. We continued to culture bacteria for 24 hours.Results: The analysis showed extract basil leaves has bactericidal effects in 8 hours and 24 hours incubation significantly (p < 0.05). However, in 24 hours more effective as a bactericidal in 100% of concentration significantly (p < 0.05).Conclusion: From this result, eugenol (a phenol derivative found in the ethanol extract of basil leaves) has the effect of damaging cell membranes. Phenol bonding with bacterial cell walls can disrupt the permeability of transport cell membranes, thus the bacteria will be disrupted and die.
Profile of Endometrial Cancer Patients in the Third Referral Hospital in Surabaya based on Known Risk Factors
Authors: Sofyan Nihal , Sudiana I Ketut , Askandar Brahmana
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Endometrial cancer is a malignant tumor of primary endometrial epithelium that placed as the sixth most common cancer in women worldwide. The exact cause of it is still unknown although there are several risk factors has been well studied and the incidence rate is increasing every year. The aim of the study is to describe the profile of endometrial cancer patients in third referral hospital in Surabaya based on known risk factors.Methods: We collected data retrospectively through the medical record of outpatients with endometrial cancer diagnosis from January-December 2016. A total of 120 patients were collected and only 95 patients who meet the inclusion criteria. Data about age, age of menarche, status of menopause, parity, Body Mass Index (BMI), history of disease, and family history of cancer were extracted then presented descriptively.Results: From 95 patients, the largest distribution were age 51-60 years old (47,37%), and was diagnosed mostly in women with parity ≤2 (47,37%), postmenopausal status (61,05%), age of menarche ≥ 12 (85,26%), and normal weight (35,79%). Most of patients didn’t have either any history of disease (57,89%) or family history of cancer (89,47%).Conclusion: Most of the endometrial cancer patients in Dr. Soetomo General hospital Surabaya were women aged 51-60 years old with postmenopausal status, age of menarche ≥ 12 years old, number of parities ≤2, and normal weight. The majority of them were also found to have no history of disease and family history of cancer.
The Effectiveness of Extract Basil Leaves on Motility and Morphology of Spermatozoa Mice Exposed with Cigarette Smoke
Authors: Zaini Bagas Setiawan Ihsan , Pujiana Izki Masyaqqoni , Djamaludin Evi Octavia , Salim Hotimah Masdan
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The incidence of infertility is still a problem in the world, including Indonesia (21.3%), and throughout Asia. Fertility in men is strongly influenced by several factors, one of them is smoking. Smoking can increase ROS, reduce antioxidants in semen, cause DNA damage, and morphological abnormalities of spermatozoa. Basil contains flavonoids which are rich in antioxidants, boron, and zinc to stimulate androgen hormones.Methods: This research used eight weeks old Mus musculus, exposed with smoke of 20 cigarettes/day and was administered of extract basil leaves (Ocimum sanctum L.) in dose dependency (100 mg/kg, 200mg/kg, and 300mg/kg) for 4 weeks. We examined the motility and morphology of spermatozoa by microscope. This research consisted of 5 groups. In CS-, CSBL-2 and CSBL-3, it showed that the spermatozoa motility was more progressive than CS+ and CSBL-1.Results: The morphology of spermatozoa in CS+ and CS- found different results with a significance value of 0.10 (p < 0.05) but the results of CSBL- 1, CSBL-2, and CSBL-3 were not significantly different from CS- and CS+ (p > 0.05).Conclusion: There was an effect of giving basil leaves to increase motility and improvement of the morphology of spermatozoa that had been exposed to cigarette smoke especially in dose 300 mg/kgBB, but it was not significant.
The Correlation between Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value on MRI and the Pathology Consistency of Meningioma
Authors: Nur Wyka Faulani Hafizah , Ferriastuti Widiana , Soeprijanto Bambang
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Preoperative evaluation of meningioma consistency is important because it will affect surgical procedures, surgical optimization, risk assessment, and patient management. The consistency of meningioma can be predicted by Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) value on MRI. ADC values are useful in quantitative tumor assessment based on diffusivity in the tumor. The objective of the study is to find out the correlation between ADC value and the pathology consistency of meningioma.Methods: A retrospective study was carried out using medical records at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya by January 2017 - December 2018. The ADC value was obtained by placing three ROI in the tumor and the consistency was obtained from the results of the pathology examination, followed by the Spearman correlation test.Results: There The tumor range value of ADC was 0.58 x 10-3mm2 s to 1.63 x 10-3mm2/s. The mean ADC value in soft, intermediate, and hard consistency was 1.247+ 0.200 x 10-3mm2/s, 0.950 + 0.453 x 10-3mm2/s, and 0.793 + 0.161 x 10-3mm2/s, the cut-off value of ADC was + 0.822 x 10-3mm2/s with specificity 68% and sensitivity 85%, the AUC is 0.740 with a significance value of 0.0043 (p<α, α = 0.05). It was obtained an ADC correlation with the consistency of meningioma, the significance value is p=0.000 (p<α, α = 0.05).Conclusion: There is a correlation between the ADC value and the consistency of meningioma. The ADC value can be considered for an optimal preoperative evaluation in assessing the consistency of meningioma.
Hubungan Kepuasan Pelayanan Makanan dengan Jenis Diet pada Pasien di RSU Haji Surabaya
Authors: Pratama Indy Armareza Lora
Published: November 2020

Latar Belakang:Pelayanan gizi merupakan salah satu upaya penting untuk mendukung preventif, promotif danrehabilitatif. Pelayanan gizi di rumah sakit dapat mendukung dan mempercepat proses penyembuhan pasiendengan pemberian diet yang sesuai kebutuhan.Tujuan:Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenganalisis hubungan kepuasan pelayanan makanan dengan jenis dietpada pasien di RSU Haji Surabaya.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan desaincross sectional.Populasi penelitian terdiridari 79 pasien rawat Rumah Sakit Umum Haji Surabaya dengan besar sampel 48 pasien.Sampel diambilmenggunakansimple random sampling.Penelitian dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesionerkepuasan pelayanan makanan.Analisa data menggunakan ujichi-squaredenganCI sebesar 95% (α=0,05).Hasil:Tingkat kepuasan pelayanan makanan menunjukkan 22 puas (45,8%) dan 26 tidak puas (54,2%).Kepuasan pelayanan makanan berhubungan signifikan dengan jenis diet (p=0,002).Kesimpulan:Kepuasan pelayanan makan pada pasienmemiliki hubungan signifikan dengan jenis diet. Rumahsakit harus memperhatikan kepuasan makan pasien dan meningkatkan konseling kepada pasien.ABSTRACTBackground:Nutrition serviceisinfluentialto support preventive, promotive and rehabilitativeefforts topatients in hospital. Nutrition servicecould support therecovery of patientsmorequickly.Objectives:This study aims to analyze correlation of food service satisfaction and typeof diet in patients at RSUHaji Surabaya.Methods:This study is an analytical study with a cross sectional design. The study population consisted of 79patients hospitalized inRSU Haji Surabayawith sample size of 48 patients. The sample was taken using simplerandom sampling. The study was conducted by interview using a food service satisfaction questionnaire. Data analysis using chi-square test with CI of 95% (α=0.05).Results:Satisfaction offood service in patients was significant relationship with the type of diet. Hospitals mustpay attention to patient satisfaction and improve counseling to patients.Conclusions:Patient satisfactionof food wassignificant associate withtexture offoodsbut notsignificantwithgender, age, and occupation. Hospitals must to pay attention to patient satisfaction, especially in soft foods.
Karakteristik Pengawasan terhadap Penyidik Militer dalam Proses Peradilan Pidana Militer
Authors: Arianto Agus Setiyawan Dwi
Published: November 2020

Hukum acara pidana militer memiliki karakteristik pengawasan terhadap penyidik yang berbeda dengan pengawasan terhadap penyidik yang ada dalam peradilan pidana umum sebagaimana diatur dalam KUHAP, hukum acara pidana militer tidak mengenal sistem pengawasan eksternal atau praperadilan yang dilakukan pada penyidik dalam menjalankan proses penyidikan yang diatur dalam KUHAP, karena dalam lingkungan militer terdapat asas kesatuan komando yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1997 tentang Perdilan Militer. Jadi pengawasan terhadap penyidik dalam menjalankan proses penyidikan di lingkungan Peradilan Militer hanya berupa pengawasan internal yang dilakukan dalam organisasi TNI, dan bentuk pengawasan internalnya berupa pengawasan teknis. Jika tersangka dirugikan atas tindakan penyidik dalam menjalankan proses penyidikan militer yang semena-mena dan tidak sesuai prosedur penyidikan dalam hukum acara pidana militer, tersangka tetap dapat melakukan upaya melaui pengawasan internal yang ada dalam organisasi TNI itu sendiri atas tindakan penyidik militer tersebut dengan mengadukannya kepada atasan yang berhak menghukum (Ankum) sebagaimana bentuk pengawasan yang dimiliki Ankum, selain itu juga dapat mengadukan tindakan penyidik militer tersebut di proses persidangan dalam lingkungan Peradilan Militer.
INTERFACES DA COVID-19 NA EDUCAÇÃO: ELEMENTOS E APONTAMENTOS INICIAIS NO TOCANTINS
Authors: Porto Junior Francisco Gilson Rebouças , Silva Meire Lúcia Andrade da , Silva Maria das Graças Pereira , Oliveira Ricardo Pereira de
Published: November 2020

O texto interfaces da COVID-19 na educação: elementos e apontamentos iniciais no Tocantins, tem a intencionalidade de identificar os caminhos trilhados pela educação nas esferas nacional e estadual, no contexto educacional em período de pandemia, procurando explicitar reflexões acerca das políticas educacionais e do cumprimento do direito educacional. O trabalho é pautado em revisão bibliográfica e documental, considerando as leis, os decretos, as medidas provisórias, e guias dentre outros, disponíveis em sites e portais eletrônicos. Os resultados parciais do estudo denotam que inúmeras são as dúvidas das equipes escolares diante da falta de diretrizes dos órgãos de Educação Nacional e Estadual no tocante à oferta de educação não presencial, seja na modalidade de educação a distância ou qualquer outra forma de ensino remoto voltado à educação básica.
Implementasi Konsep Arsitektur High-Tech Pada Desain Fitness and Wellness Center di Pekanbaru
Authors: Rizki Rabudin , Faisal Gun , Firzal Yohannes
Published: November 2020

Pekanbaru is a developing capital city that can be seen from the density of community activities in their daily lives. This requires having a fit and healthy body. A fit and healthy lifestyle is also an important requirement for the body. Fitness and good body beauty is the dream of every human being. Lack of fitness in the body will make you weak and less enthusiastic in carrying out your daily routine. From this problem, we need a place that accommodates fitness activities and physical and spiritual health of the body. Generally, Fitness and Wellness facilities in Pekanbaru are still located in shophouses, residences, shopping centers and part of the supporting facilities for star-rated hotels. Therefore a Fitness and Wellness Center is needed that expresses fitness and health by supporting various physical and physical and spiritual activities that have never existed before by presenting aesthetics, technology and building a supporting structure. For that, we need a high-tech architectural principles approach that exposes a structure that is not only load-bearing but also aesthetically pleasing to this building.
Identifikasi Potensi Pariwisata Pracimantoro: Dari Geopark Hingga Kebudayaan Daerah
Authors: Reforma Adira Damai , Purwani Ofita , Iswati Tri Yuni
Published: November 2020

This paper focuses on identifying tourism potentials of kecamatan Pracimantoro, Wonogiri. This area has not been recognized as tourist destination despite the fact that some part of the area has been acknowledged as UNESCO’s Geopark. While UNESCO encourages the geopark to contribute to the economy of local people, this opportunity has not been realized fully by the people of Pracimantoro. Our research aims to identify Pracimantoro’s potentials for tourism so that the result can be used for tourism planning. By compiling potentials found in each village of Pracimantoro, and putting them into categories, we conclude that there are two main potentials for tourism in kecamatan Pracimantoro: Geopark and culture.
The Mesozoic scleractinian genus Adelocoenia (Stylinidae) and its Jurassic species
Authors: Lathuilière Bernard , Baron-Szabo Rosemarie C. , Charbonnier Sylvain , Pacaud Jean-Michel
Published: November 2020

The genus Adelocoenia ORBIGNY, 1849, is revised and a neotype is designated for its type species Astrea castellum MICHELIN, 1844. For various reasons that lie in the taxonomic history of scleractinian corals, it has become a difficult task to reliably assign Mesozoic corals having the combined features of plocoid corallite integration and the absence of a columella. Therefore, many such genera are in need of revision, one of which is Adelocoenia. In addition to the revision of the type species, Jurassic species grouped within Adelocoenia are revised using type material when it was possible. Many new synonymies are proposed based mainly on characters such as symmetry and dimensions of skeletal features. Another consequence is that most species previously grouped with Pseudocoenia ORBIGNY are transferred to Adelocoenia. Furthermore, we present a clarified view of the paleogeographical and stratigraphical distributional patterns of the genus Adelocoenia, according to which Adelocoenia had its first appearance during the Early Jurassic, represented by a single specimen known from the Sinemurian of France. Subsequently, this genus had a significant increase in both distribution and diversity during the Middle Jurassic. The pinnacle of its success followed in the Late Jurassic during which Adelocoenia had its greatest morphological disparity and taxonomical diversity, and its largest geographical distribution. The genus survived in the Cretaceous record. Throughout its history, Adelocoenia predominantly occurred in inner platform environments that were located in low latitudes.
COMPARATIVE TAPHONOMY OF DEEP-SEA AND SHALLOW-MARINE ECHINOIDS OF THE GENUS ECHINOCYAMUS
Authors: GRUN TOBIAS B. , MIHALJEVIĆ MORANA , WEBB GREGORY E.
Published: November 2020

The infaunal living clypeasteroid echinoid genus Echinocyamus is considered a model organism for various ecological and paleontological studies since its distribution ranges from the polar regions to the tropics, and from shallow-marine settings to the deep-sea. Deep-sea analyses of this genus are rare, but imperative for the understanding and function of these important ecosystems. During the 2012 Southern Surveyor expedition, 35 seamounts off the east coast of Australia were dredged in depths greater than 800 m. Of these, six dredges contained a total of 18 deep-sea Echinocyamus tests. The tests have been analyzed for taphonomic alterations including abrasion patterns, macro-borings, micro-borings, depressions on the test, test staining, test filling, encrustation, and fragmentation. Findings are interpreted in the context of the deep-sea setting and are compared to Echinocyamus samples from shallow-water environments. Results show that abrasion in deep-sea environments is generally high, especially in ambulacral and genital pores indicating that tests can persist for a long time on the seafloor. This contrasts with shallow-water Echinocyamus that show lower abrasion due to early test destruction. Macro-borings are present as single or paired holes with straight vertical profiles resembling Lithophaga borings. Micro-borings are abundant and most likely the result of sponge or fungal activity. Depressions on the tests, such as scars or pits, are likely the result of trauma or malformation during ontogeny. Test staining is common, but variable, and is associated with FE/Mn oxidation and authigenic clays based on elemental analyses. Test filling occurs as loose or lithified sediment. Encrustation is present in the form of rudimentary crusts and biofilms. No macro-organisms were found on the tests. Biofilm composition differs from shallow-water environments in that organisms captured in the biofilm reflect aphotic conditions or sedimentation of particles from higher in the water column (e.g., coccoliths). Fragmentation is restricted to the apical system and pore regions. Results of this first comparative study on deep-sea Echinocyamus from Australian seamounts show that the minute tests can survive for a long time in these settings and undergo environmental specific taphonomic processes reflected in various taphonomic alterations.
Enhancing Heavy-Oil-Recovery Efficiency by Combining Low-Salinity-Water and Polymer Flooding
Authors: Zhao Yang , Yin Shize , Seright Randall S. , Ning Samson , Zhang Yin , Bai Baojun
Published: November 2020

Combining low-salinity-water (LSW) and polymer flooding was proposed to unlock the tremendous heavy-oil resources on the Alaska North Slope (ANS). The synergy of LSW and polymer flooding was demonstrated through coreflooding experiments at various conditions. The results indicate that the high-salinity polymer (HSP) (salinity = 27,500 ppm) requires nearly two-thirds more polymer than the low-salinity polymer (LSP) (salinity = 2,500 ppm) to achieve the target viscosity at the condition of this study. Additional oil was recovered from LSW flooding after extensive high-salinity-water (HSW) flooding [3 to 9% of original oil in place (OOIP)]. LSW flooding performed in secondary mode achieved higher recovery than that in tertiary mode. Also, the occurrence of water breakthrough can be delayed in the LSW flooding compared with the HSW flooding. Strikingly, after extensive LSW flooding and HSP flooding, incremental oil recovery (approximately 8% of OOIP) was still achieved by LSP flooding with the same viscosity as the HSP. The pH increase of the effluent during LSW/LSP flooding was significantly greater than that during HSW/HSP flooding, indicating the presence of the low-salinity effect (LSE). The residual-oil-saturation (Sor) reduction induced by the LSE in the area unswept during the LSW flooding (mainly smaller pores) would contribute to the increased oil recovery. LSP flooding performed directly after waterflooding recovered more incremental oil (approximately 10% of OOIP) compared with HSP flooding performed in the same scheme. Apart from the improved sweep efficiency by polymer, the low-salinity-induced Sor reduction also would contribute to the increased oil recovery by the LSP. A nearly 2-year pilot test in the Milne Point Field on the ANS has shown impressive success of the proposed hybrid enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) process: water-cut reduction (70 to less than 15%), increasing oil rate, and no polymer breakthrough so far. This work has demonstrated the remarkable economical and technical benefits of combining LSW and polymer flooding in enhancing heavy-oil recovery.
A global analysis of CNVs in Chinese indigenous fine-wool sheep populations using whole-genome resequencing
Authors: Yuan Chao , Lu Zengkui , Guo Tingting , Yue Yaojing , Wang Xijun , Wang Tianxiang , Zhang Yajun , Hou Fujun , Niu Chune , Sun Xiaopin , Zhao Hongchang , Zhu Shaohua , Liu Jianbin , Yang Bohui
Published: November 2020

Background: Copy number variation (CNV) is an important source of genetic variation that has a significant influence on phenotypic diversity, important economic traits and the evolution of livestock species. In this study, the genome-wide CNV distribution characteristics of 32 fine-wool sheep from three breeds were analyzed using resequencing. Results: A total of 1747604 CNVs were detected in this study, and 7228 CNV regions (CNVR) were obtained after merging overlapping CNVs; these regions accounted for 2.17% of the sheep reference genome. The average length of the CNVRs was 4307.17 bp. “Deletion” events took place more frequently than “duplication” or “both” events. The CNVRs obtained overlapped with previously reported sheep CNVRs to variable extents (4.39%–55.46%). Functional enrichment analysis showed that the CNVR-harboring genes were mainly involved in sensory perception systems, nutrient metabolism processes, and growth and development processes. Furthermore, 1855 of the CNVRs were associated with 166 quantitative trait loci (QTL), including milk QTLs, carcass QTLs, and health-related QTLs, among others. In addition, the 32 fine-wool sheep were divided into horned and polled groups to analyze for the selective elimination of CNVRs, and it was found that the relaxin family peptide receptor 2 ( RXFP2 ) gene was strongly influenced by selection. Conclusions: In summary, we constructed a genomic CNV map for Chinese indigenous fine-wool sheep using resequencing, thereby providing a valuable genetic variation resource for sheep genome research, which will contribute to the study of complex traits in sheep.
Interaction of Arsenophonus with Wolbachia in Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Guo Huifang , Wang Na , Niu Hongtao , Zhao Dongxiao , Zhang Zhichun
Published: November 2020

Background Co-infection of endosymbionts in the same host is ubiquitous, and the interactions of the most common symbiont Wolbachia with other symbionts, including Spiroplasma et al., in invertebrate organisms have received increasing attention. However, the interactions between Wolbachia and Arsenophonus, another widely distributed symbiont in nature, are poorly understood. We tested the co-infection of Wolbachia and Arsenophonus in different populations of Nilaparvata lugens and investigated whether co-infection affected the population size of the symbionts in their host.Results A significant difference was observed in the co-infection incidence of Wolbachia and Arsenophonus among 5 populations of N. lugens from China, with nearly half of the individuals in the Zhenjiang population harbouring the two symbionts simultaneously, and the rate of occurrence was significantly higher than that of the other 4 populations. The Arsenophonus density in the superinfection line was significantly higher only in the Maanshan population compared with that of the single-infection line. Differences in the density of Wolbachia and Arsenophonus were found in all the tested double-infection lines, and the dominant symbiont species varied with the population only in the Nanjing population, with Arsenophonus the overall dominant symbiont. Conclusions Wolbachia and Arsenophonus could coexist in N. lugens, and the co-infection incidence varied with the geographic populations. Antagonistic interactions were not observed between Arsenophonus and Wolbachia, and the latter was the dominant symbiont in most populations.
Age and education as factors associated with medication literacy: a community pharmacy perspective.
Authors: Plaza-Zamora Javier , Legaz Isabel , Osuna Eduardo , Pérez-Cárceles M. D.
Published: November 2020

Background: Aging implies a higher prevalence of chronic pathologies and a corresponding increase in medication. The correct adherence and use of the medication are prerequisites for reducing risks of disease progression, comorbidity, and mortality. Medication literacy (ML) is the specific ability to safely access and understand the information available concerning medication, and to act accordingly. Currently, there are few specific instruments that ascertain the extent of ML in the general population. The aim of this work was to analyse ML in a large cohort of pharmacy customers. Methods: A total of 400 community pharmacy clients were analyzed to assess the level of ML (documental and numeracy) through the validated MedLitRxSE tool.Results: The results showed that out of a total of 400 community pharmacy clients only 136 (34%) had an adequate degree of ML, while the rest of the clients (n=264; 66%) were adjudged not to have this ability. Statistically significant differences were found between the different age groups in terms of ML (P<0.001; OR=0.312; 95% CI: 0.195-0.499), the 51-65 and ˃65-year age groups having a lower frequency of adequate ML (23.5% and 7.1%, respectively) than the rest of the age groups. A statistically significant increase in adequate ML was observed as the academic level of the clients increased (P <0.001; OR=15.403; 95% CI: 8.109-29.257). Multivariate logistic regression confirmed the influence of both variables on ML. Conclusions: An inadequate ML level was found in community pharmacy clients over the age of 51, and also in those with primary or non-formal studies. Our data add to our knowledge about ML, and should pharmacists and other health professionals to adopt new strategies to prevent, or at least reduce, errors in taking medicines, thus avoiding the undesirable effects of any misuse.
Validation and psychometric evaluation of the Dutch Person-centred care of Older People with cognitive impairment in Acute Care (POPAC)
Authors: Keuning-Plantinga Annette , Finnema Evelyn , Krijnen Wim , Edvardsson David , Roodbol Petrie
Published: November 2020

Background: Person-centered care is the preferred model for caring for people with dementia. Knowledge of the level of person-centered care is essential for improving the quality of care for patients with dementia. The Person-centred care of Older People with cognitive impairment in Acute Care scale (POPAC) is a tool to determine the level of person-centered care. This study aimed to translate and validate the Dutch POPAC and evaluate its psychometric properties to enable international comparison of data and outcomes.Methods: After double-blinded forward and backward translations, a total of 159 nurses recruited from six hospitals (114) and via social media (45) completed the POPAC. By performing confirmatory factor analysis, the construct validity was tested. Cronbach’s alpha scale was utilized to establish the internal consistency.Results: The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the Confirmatory Fit Index (0.89) was slightly smaller than the cut-off value of 0.9. The Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (0.075, p=0.012, CI 0.057-0.092) and the Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (0.063) were acceptable with values less than 0.08. Findings confirm a three-dimensional structure. The loadings of the items (0.69-0.77) indicate that these are strong associated with each of the factors. This study confirms that deleting Item 5 improves the Cronbach’s alpha of the instrument as well as of the subscale. Instead of deleting this item, we suggest considering rephrasing it into a positive item.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the Dutch POPAC is sufficiently valid and reliable and can be utilized for assessing person-centered care in acute care hospitals. The study enables nurses to interpret and compare person-centered care levels in wards and hospital levels between regions and countries. The results form an important basis for improving the quality of care and nurse-sensitive outcomes, such as preventing complications and hospital stay length.
EGFL6 promotes colorectal cancer cell growth and mobility and the anti-cancer property of anti-EGFL6 antibody
Authors: Sung Ting-Yi , Huang Han-Li , Cheng Chun-Chun , Chang Fu-Ling , Wei Po-Li , Cheng Ya-Wen , Huang Cheng-Chiao , Lee Yu-Ching , HuangFu Wei-Chun , Pan Shiow-Lin
Published: November 2020

BackgroundA reliable cancer biomarker will be critical for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) therapeutic approaches since current treatments are limited to certain patient characteristics, such as age, sex, comorbidities and patients received self-expandable metal stents implantations. The association of epidermal growth factor-like domain 6 (EGFL6) with cancer development has been reported. Here, we focused on the role of EGFL6 in CRC progression and its clinical relevance. An anti-EGFL6 antibody was generated by phage display technology to investigate the potential therapeutic efficacy in CRC. Student t test, Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple comparisons were used to statistical analysis results.ResultsSignificant EGFL6 expression was found in colon tissues from patients and spontaneous tumorigenesis mouse but not in normal tissue. Under hypoxia condition, EGFL6 expression were enhanced in protein and transcript-level. Furthermore, we found EGFL6 could enhance cancer cell migration, invasion and proliferation in CRC via up-regulating ERK/ AKT pathway, as well as reducing ADAMTS1 and Snail expression. We also found EGFL6 regulates cell abilities through EGFR/αvβ3 integrin receptors. By conducting animal experiments, our anti-EGFL6 antibody, EGFL6-E5-IgG, showed tumor inhibition and anti-metastasis ability. Furthermore, no impact on angiogenesis and wound healing by using EGFL6-E5-IgG were observed.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that EGFL6 plays a role in CRC tumorigenesis and tumor progression, indicating that EGFL6 is a potential cancer biomarker and therapeutic target worth further investigation.
Robust SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell immunity is maintained at 6 months following primary infection
Authors: Zuo Jianmin , Dowell Alex , Pearce Hayden , Verma Kriti , Long Heather , Begym Jusnara , Aiano Felicity , Amin-Chowdhury Zahin , Hallis Bassam , Stapley Lorrain , Barrow Ray , Linley Ezra , Ahmad Shazaad , Parker Ben , Horsley Alex , Amirthalingam Gayatri , Brown Kevin , Ramsay Mary , Ladhani Shamez , Moss Paul
Published: November 2020

The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is critical in both controlling primary infection and preventing re-infection. However, there is concern that immune responses following natural infection may not be sustained and that this may predispose to recurrent infection. We analysed the magnitude and phenotype of the SARS-CoV-2 cellular immune response in 100 donors at six months following primary infection and related this to the profile of antibody level against spike, nucleoprotein and RBD over the previous six months. T-cell immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 were present by ELISPOT or ICS analysis in all donors and are characterised by predominant CD4+ T cell responses with strong IL-2 cytokine expression. Median T-cell responses were 50% higher in donors who had experienced an initial symptomatic infection indicating that the severity of primary infection establishes a ‘setpoint’ for cellular immunity that lasts for at least 6 months. The T-cell responses to both spike and nucleoprotein/membrane proteins were strongly correlated with the peak antibody level against each protein. The rate of decline in antibody level varied between individuals and higher levels of nucleoprotein-specific T cells were associated with preservation of NP-specific antibody level although no such correlation was observed in relation to spike-specific responses. In conclusion, our data are reassuring that functional SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses are retained at six months following infection although the magnitude of this response is related to the clinical features of primary infection.
Drivers of Carbon Flux in Drip Irrigation Maize Fields in Northwest China
Authors: Guo Hui , Li Sien , Wong Fuk-Ling , Qin Shujing , Wang Yahui , Yang Danni , Lam Hon-Ming
Published: November 2020

Background: Under the escalating threat to sustainable development from the global increase in carbon dioxide concentrations, the variations in carbon flux in the farmland ecosystem and their influencing factors have attracted global attention. Over the past few decades, with the development of eddy covariance technology, the carbon fluxes of forests and grasslands have been determined in many countries. However, studies are very limited for the arid regions in northwestern China, which covers a large area where a mixed mode of agriculture and grazing is practiced. Results: To study the effects of drip irrigation on the net ecosystem productivity (NEE), ecosystem respiration (ER), gross primary production (GPP) and net biome productivity (NBP) in the arid regions of northwestern China, we measured the carbon flux annually from 2014 to 2018 using an eddy covariance system. Our results showed that the maize field carbon flux exhibited single-peak seasonal patterns during the growing seasons. During 2014-2018, the NEE, ER and GPP of the drip-irrigated maize field ranged between -407~-729 g C m-2, 485.46~975.46 g C m-2, and 1068.23~1705.30 g C m-2. In four of the five study years, the ER released back to the atmosphere was just over half of the carbon fixed by photosynthesis. The mean daily NEE, ER and GPP were significantly correlated with the net radiation (Rn), air temperature (Ta), leaf area index (LAI) and soil moisture (SWC). The results of path analysis showed that leaf area index is the main driving force of seasonal variation of carbon flux. When harvested removals were considered, the annual NBP was -234 g C m-2, and the drip-irrigated maize field was a carbon source. Conclusions: This study shows the variation and influencing factors of NEE, ER and GPP in the growth period of spring maize under film drip irrigation in arid areas of northwest China. The ecosystem was a carbon sink before maize harvest, but it was converted into a carbon source considering the carbon emissions after harvest. The variation of carbon flux was influenced by both environmental and vegetation factors, and its leaf area index was the main driver that affects the seasonal variation of carbon flux.
Patient and public involvement prior to trial initiation: lessons learnt for rapid partnership in the COVID-19 era.
Authors: Jamal Zahra , Perkins Alexander , Allen Christopher , Group Research Advisory , Evans Richard , Sturgess Joanna , Snowdon Claire , Clayton Tim , Elbourne Diana
Published: November 2020

Background: Clinical trials are playing a critical role in the global public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the increasing recognition of the value of PPI in clinical trials, just 20% of the COVID-19 research proposals reviewed by Research Ethics Committees in the UK at the start of the pandemic reported PPI. There is a perception that PPI might result in delays in delivering research and therefore delays in obtaining important results. In this paper, we report our experience of rapid PPI for a COVID-19 clinical trial. Methods: RAPID-19 is a COVID-19 clinical trial which was planned to be submitted for fast-track ethics review in the United Kingdom. During the development of the trial protocol, the PPI Panel at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Clinical Trials Unit was involved in the design of the study. The meeting with the PPI Panel lasted just over one hour and was conducted by teleconference.Results: Although we only had a short period of time to explore the study with the PPI Panel, we were able to gain valuable insight into how the trial would be perceived by potential trial participants. Substantive changes were made to the trial to improve the acceptability of the research without compromising the study timelines. Having access to public contributors with relevant lived experience is an important resource for a Clinical Trials Unit and is critical for rapid PPI. The move to remote working due to lockdown required virtual discussions which helped to overcome some of the barriers to organising face-to-face meetings at short notice.Conclusions: PPI for clinical trials can be conducted in a time-efficient manner within the pressured environment of a pandemic. Involving PPI contributors at an early stage in protocol development maximised the opportunity to shape and influence the trial as well as limited potential delays which could occur if changes to the protocol had to be made at a later stage
Fusobacterium Nucleatum Promotes Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Invasion to Modulate the Inflammatory Cytotoxicity of Pulmonary Epithelial Cells
Authors: Li Qian , Wang Hongyan , Tan Lisi , Zhang Shuwei , Lin Li , Tang Xiaolin , Pan Yaping
Published: November 2020

BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common and costly respiratory disease and is a leading cause of mortality globally. Inflammatory damage induced by bacterial infections is an important contributor to the etiology of COPD. Fusobacterium nucleatum, a recognized periodontal pathogen, frequently coexists with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the airway of COPD patients, its amount is negatively correlated with lung function of COPD patients coinfected with P. aeruginosa, but the mechanism of this is still unclear. This study intends to reveal the effect of F. nucleatum on P. aeruginosa-induced inflammatory cytotoxicity of pulmonary epithelial cells to illustrate the underlying mechanism of the above clinical phenomenon.MethodsA549 cells were infected with F. nucleatum and P. aeruginosa simultaneously or sequentially. Bacterial aggregation assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate the interaction between F. nucleatum and P. aeruginosa. Antibiotic protection assay was used to detect bacterial adhesion and invasion. The cellular proliferation and cytotoxic damage were examined through CCK-8 assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assay and calcein acetoxymethyl ester/propidium iodide (Calcein-AM/PI) staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to observe IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α expressions.ResultsP. aeruginosa mainly induces IL-1β and IL-6 associated inflammatory cytotoxicity of pulmonary epithelial cells, F. nucleatum mainly initiates high inflammatory proliferation of pulmonary epithelial cells. When pulmonary epithelial cells are simultaneously infected with P. aeruginosa and F. nucleatum, F. nucleatum coaggregates with P. aeruginosa to synergistically invade into pulmonary epithelial cells and transiently resists P. aeruginosa-induced cytotoxic damage to amplify IL-6 and TNF-α associated inflammation in pulmonary epithelial cells. Furthermore, F. nucleatum maintains or even aggravates P. aeruginosa-induced inflammatory cytotoxicity of pulmonary epithelial cells, no matter which were pretreated or subsequentially infected with F. nucleatum.ConclusionsF. nucleatum modulates P. aeruginosa-induced inflammatory cytotoxicity of pulmonary epithelial cells, which may contribute to persistent exacerbation of COPD patients accompanied with P. aeruginosa and F. nucleatum coinfection.