bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Vinyloxazolidinones by Palladium‐Catalyzed CO2‐Recycling Reaction of 4‐(Benzylamino)‐2‐butenyl Carbonates.
Authors: Yoshida Masahiro , Ohsawa Yusuke , Sugimoto Kenji , Tokuyama Hidetoshi , Ihara Masataka
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 5‐Trifluoromethyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles.
Authors: Vereshchagin L. I. , Verkhozina O. N. , Pokatilov F. A. , Kizhnyaev V. N.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dihydropyran as a Template for Lactone Synthesis.
Authors: Brichacek Matthew P. , Carlson Robert M.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthetic Route of (2S)‐6‐Fluoro‐4‐oxo‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐chromene‐2‐carboxylic Acid.
Authors: Yuan Hua‐Jie , Qian Shan , Hai Li , Chen Yao‐Yao , Wu Yong
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: PEG Mediated Synthesis of Amino‐Functionalized 2,4,6‐Triarylpyridines.
Authors: Smith Nicole M. , Raston Colin L. , Smith Christopher B. , Sobolev Alexandre N.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Efficient Synthesis of New Cyclic Ureas.
Authors: Baumann Delphine , Bennis Khalil , Ripche Isabelle , Troin Yves
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Sequential Claisen Rearrangement: Charge‐Accelerated [3,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement Leading to Polyheterocycles.
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Saha D. , Debnath P.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Thioxo‐6H‐imidazo[1,2‐c]quinazolines and Related Compounds Based on Cyclocondensations of 2‐Isothiocyanatobenzonitrile (ITCB) with α‐Aminoketones.
Authors: Bodtke Anja , Pfeiffer Wolf‐Diethard , Goerls Helmar , Dollinger Horst , Langer Peter
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Access to Organoacyloxytrialkylsilanes
Authors: Mancardi David , Sindt Michele , Paul Jean‐Michel , Mieloszynski Jean‐Luc
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Opening of Epoxide Rings Catalyzed by Niobium Pentachloride.
Authors: Constantino Mauricio Gomes , Lacerda Valdemar Jr. , Invernize Paulo Roberto , da Silva Filho Luiz Carlos , da Silva Gil Valdo Jose
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New ent‐Kauranoids from Isodon phyllostachys.
Authors: Li Xian , Pu Jianxin , Li Shenghong , Huang Shengxiong , Weng Zhiying , Han Quanbin , Sun Handong
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Examples of Cyclizations of a Glycal with Enamines Leading to Oxa‐Aza Bicyclononene Scaffolds.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Reddy B. V. Subba , Srinivas M. , Divyavani Ch. , Kunwar A. C. , Madavi Ch.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bisglycosyl Peroxides.
Authors: Kosnik Wioletta , Grzeszczyk Barbara , Chmielewski Marek
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthetic Approaches to the Common Scaffold of Indole Alkaloids.
Authors: Beniazza Redouane , Dunet Julie , Robert Frederic , Schenk Kurt , Landais Yannick
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkaloids from the Fruits of Daphniphyllum macropodum.
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Ning , Gan Li‐She , Fan Cheng‐Qi , Yin Sheng , Yue Jian‐Min
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis and in vitro Cytostatic Activity of 4‐Substituted Triazolyl‐Nucleosides.
Authors: El Akri Khalid , Bourgrin Khalid , Balzarini Jan , Faraj Abdesslem , Benhida Rachid
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pauferrol A, a Novel Chalcone Trimer with a Cyclobutane Ring from Caesalpinia ferrea Mart Exhibiting DNA Topoisomerase II Inhibition and Apoptosis‐Inducing Activity
Authors: Nozaki Hiroshi , Hayashi Ken‐ichiro , Kido Masahiro , Kakumoto Kazuyuki , Ikeda Shogo , Matsuura Nobuyasu , Tani Hiroyuki , Takaoka Daisuke , Iinuma Munekazu , Akao Yukihiro
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of (‐)‐Varitriol and (‐)‐3′‐epi‐Varitriol via a Ramberg—Baecklund Route.
Authors: McAllister Graeme D. , Robinson James E. , Taylor Richard J. K.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Sintering of Zircon
Authors: Ebadzadeh T. , Valefi M.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Materials: Underlying Physics and Practical Importance
Authors: Chernenko V. A. , Besseghini S. , Mullner P. , Kostorz G. , Schreuer J. , Krupa M.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis with Base Metals. Making Bonds Almost for Free
Authors: Lipshutz Bruce H.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Semiconductor Layered Oxides: Synthesis, Properties and Applications
Authors: Unal Ugur , Matsumoto Yasumichi , Ida Shintaro
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The SOHIO Process as an Inspiration for Molecular Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Limberg Christian
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N6‐Substituted 3′‐Ureidoadenosine Derivatives as Highly Potent Agonists at the Mutant A3 Adenosine Receptor
Authors: Jeong Lak Shin , Choe Seung Ah , Kim Ae Yil , Kim Hea Ok , Gao Zhan‐Guo , Jacobson Kenneth A. , Chun Moon Woo , Moon Hyung Ryong
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Some Novel Adenosine Mimics: Synthesis and Anticancer Potential Against Cervical Cancer Caused by Human Papilloma Virus
Authors: Sinha Sarika , Srivastava Richa , Prusty Bhupesh , Das B. C. , Singh Ramendra K.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fluorinated Indoles as RNA Analogues
Authors: Bozilovic Jelena , Engels Joachim W.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Novel Pseudo‐D‐vinylcyclopropyl Nucleosides Bearing Quaternary Carbon as Potential anti‐Herpesvirus Agent
Authors: Park Ah‐Young , Moon Hyung Ryong , Kim Kyung Ran , Chun Moon Woo , Jeong Lak Shin
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Superconductivity Without Phonons
Authors: Monthoux P. , Pines D. , Lonzarich G. G.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Cell Microelectrochemistry
Authors: Schulte Albert , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Investigating by CD the molecular mechanism of elasticity of elastomeric proteins
Authors: Bochicchio Brigida , Pepe Antonietta , Tamburro Antonio M.
Published: February 2008

Elastomeric proteins are widespread in the animal kingdom, and their main function is to confer elasticity and resilience to organs and tissues. Besides common functional properties, elastomeric proteins share a common sequence design. They are usually constituted by repetitive sequences with a high content of glycine residues. From a conformational point of view, all the elastomeric proteins since now analyzed show a dynamic equilibria between folded (mainly β‐turns) and extended (polyproline II and β‐strands) conformations that could be at the origin of the high entropy of the relaxed state. As a matter of fact, elastin, lamprin, abductin, as well as the PEVK domain of titin share the same conformational ensemble, thus pointing to a common molecular mechanism as the origin of elasticity. CD spectroscopy represents the proper spectroscopic technique to be used overall because of its particular sensitivity to the presence of PPII structure. Its use in the molecular studies of elastin, abductin, and lamprin as well as the recently analyzed protein resilin will be presented. Chirality, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biomonitoring of Heavy Metals Using the Bivalve Molluscs in Sunderban Mangrove Wetland, Northeast Coast of Bay of Bengal (India): Possible Risks to Human Health
Authors: Sarkar Santosh Kumar , Cabral Henrique , Chatterjee Mousumi , Cardoso Ines , Bhattacharya Asok Kumar , Satpathy Kamala Kanta , Alam Mohammad Aftab
Published: February 2008

The suitability of using four bivalve molluscs (Sanguinolaria acuminata, Anadara granosa, Meretrix meretrix, and Pelecyora trigona) in biomonitoring of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, and Hg) collected from intertidal regions of the Sunderban mangrove wetland, northeastern part of the Bay of Bengal, were evaluated. Both speciesdependent variability and temporal variations were pronounced. A high degree of organ specificity was evident in the bivalves where gill and mantle exhibited higher metal accumulation due to ion exchange property of the mucous layer covering these organs while shells represent very poor accumulation. Elevated values of Zn and Cu reflect high potential for biomagnification through marine food chain. Metal concentrations in different body size groups of the bivalves do not follow uniform trend. Correlation coefficient between different metal couplings as tested statistically revealed significant coupling for Pb–Zn, Pb–Cu, Zn–Cu, and Hg–Cu. Concentrations of all the metals in specific organs (visceral mass, mantle and gill) of the bivalves exceeded the safe levels according to the international standards for metals compiled by Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations and would be of great risk for human consumption. It is concluded that the mussel and clam are suitable biomonitors to employ in programs designed to assess changes in metal pollution in the Sunderban mangrove wetland.
Structural Diversity in Zinc Phosphates and Phosphinates: Observation of a Lattice Water Dimer Sandwiched Between Phosphoryl Oxygen Atoms
Authors: Pothiraja Ramasamy , Shanmugan Swaminathan , Walawalkar Mrinalini G. , Nethaji Munirathinam , Butcher Ray J. , Murugavel Ramaswamy
Published: February 2008

Reactions of zinc acetate dihydrate with organic phosphates [(RO)2P(O)(OH)] (R = tBu, Ph) and phosphinic acids [PhR′P(O)(OH)] (R′ = Ph, H) have been investigated in the presence of 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen). While the use of di‐tert‐butyl phosphate (dtbp‐H) results in the formation of [Zn(phen)2(dtbp)(OH2)][dtbp](MeOH)(MeCOOH)(H2O)3 (1), the change of phosphorus source to diphenylphosphate (dpp‐H) yields an interesting phosphate‐bridged dinuclear complex [{Zn(phen)(dpp)}2{μ2‐dpp}2] (2). Mononuclear complexes [Zn(phen)2(dppi)2](H2O)2 (3) and [Zn(phen)2(ppi)2](H2O) (4) have been obtained from similar reactions by the use of diphenylphosphinic acid (dppi‐H) and phenylphosphinic acid (ppi‐H), respectively. The high steric bulk of the dtbp ligand results in the formation of the cationic complex 1, where only one of the dtbp ligands is directly coordinated to the metal atom, leaving the second dtbp molecule as the counter anion. The inorganic core of dinuclear zinc phosphate 2 resembles the single four‐ring (S4R) secondary building unit of framework zinc phosphates. Compounds 3 and 4 are neutral monomeric hexacoordinate complexes with two chelating 1,10‐phen ligands and two monodentate phosphinate ligands. The two lattice water molecules in 3 form an interesting water dimer (H2O)2. These water dimers link the mononuclear zinc complexes in the lattice to form an H‐bonded one‐dimensional polymer. Similarly, the lattice water present in 4 serves to link the zinc phenylphosphinate molecules through hydrogen bonding in the form of a 1‐D polymer. The reaction of the precursor complex [Zn(bpy)2(OAc)](ClO4)·H2O with dpp‐H, dppi‐H, and ppi‐H in methanol leads to the formation of zinc phosphate [Zn(bpy)2(dpp)]2(ClO4)2·H2O (5) and phosphinates [Zn(bpy)2(dppi)]2(ClO4)2 (6) and [Zn(bpy)2(ppi)]2(ClO4)2 (7), respectively. The molecular structures of 1–5 and 7 have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Heterometallic M2Cr4 (MII = Sr, Pb) Clusters Assembled by Tris(μ‐aqua) Bridges
Authors: Novitchi Ghenadie , Ciornea Victor , Shova Sergiu , Gulea Aurelian , Costes Jean‐Pierre , Powell Annie K.
Published: February 2008

Three heterometallic compounds formulated as [CaCr2(μ‐OH)(μ‐OAc)(nta)2·6H2O]2H2O (I) [M2Cr4(μ‐OH)2(μ‐OAc)2(nta)47H2O]14H2O, [M = Sr2+ (II) Pb2+ (III), H3nta = nitrilotriacetic acid] were prepared and structurally characterised. In all three compounds a common core [Cr(μ‐OH)(μ‐OAc)Cr] containing two different bridging ligands, hydroxido and acetato groups, is present. In I, Ca2+ counterions link the dinuclear chromium units together through outer carboxylate oxygen atoms and a hydrogen‐bonded network, whereas in II and III the nuclearity is extended by the presence of three bridging water molecules linking together two Sr2+ or Pb2+ counterions, which results in hexanuclear M2Cr4 clusters. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibilities of I–III, which were fitted with an isotropic Hamiltonian, yielded antiferromagnetic interaction parameters (J) for I–III close to –14 cm–1. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a η1‐Methylphosphaalkyne Complex, [RuH(dppe)2(η1‐P≡CMe)][CF3SO3]
Authors: Jones Cameron , Schulten Christian , Stasch Andreas
Published: February 2008

The synthesis of the first example of a complex in which methylphosphaalkyne solely η1‐coordinates a metal center, [RuH(dppe)2(η1‐P≡CMe)][CF3SO3] [dppe = 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane], is reported. Treatment of this compound with HBF4 (acting as a source of HF) has led to the reduction of the phosphaalkyne and the formation of a rare PF2Et complex, [RuH(dppe)2(η1‐PF2Et)][BF4]. Both complexes have been crystallographically characterized. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Effects of probiotic bacteria and oils on fatty acid profiles of cultured cream
Authors: Ekinci F. Yesim , Okur Ozge D. , Ertekin Bilge , Guzel‐Seydim Zeynep
Published: February 2008

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of using various probiotic bacteria and plant oils in cultured cream on the fatty acid profiles including conjugated linoleic acids (CLA). L. acidophilus, B. bifidum, S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus, P. thoenii (jensenii) P126, and P. jensenii B1264 and a mixed culture (blend of L. acidophilus, B. bifidum, S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus) were used in the fermentation of cream samples at a level of 2%. Cream samples were fortified with sunflower oil, soybean oil and hazelnut oil at a level of 2%. Microbial counts and fatty acid profile analysis were performed. The microbial results demonstrated that fermented cream could be a superior product for the presence of probiotics. Even though the cream samples contained 52% milk fat, in the majority of the samples growth of probiotic bacteria was higher than 106 cfu/g. Concentrations of short‐chain fatty acids such as butyric, caproic and capric acids in cultured cream samples differed depending on the cultures used, while long‐chain unsaturated fatty acids were significantly affected by the plant oil fortification. The highest CLA content was obtained in the sample produced with B. bifidum, containing 0.73 mg of CLA/g fat. The effect of different plant oils on CLA concentration was significant (p >0.05) for HO + YC, SFO + LBYC and SO + LBYC. Results of the study are important for the dairy industry since it is the first publication on fermented cream with improved functional properties. The development of functional cultured cream with plant oils and probiotic bacteria would provide an important alternative dairy product.
Effects of hydrogenation parameters on trans isomer formation, selectivity and melting properties of fat
Authors: Musavi Anar , Cizmeci Melih , Tekin Aziz , Kayahan Muammer
Published: February 2008

Effects of hydrogenation conditions (temperature, hydrogen pressure, stirring rate) on trans fatty acid formation, selectivity and melting behavior of fat were investigated. To this aim, soybean oil was hydrogenated under various conditions and fatty acid composition, trans isomer formation, slip melting point (SMP), solid fat content (SFC) and iodine number (IV) of the samples withdrawn at certain intervals of the reactions were monitored. A constant ratio (0.03%) of Nysosel 222 was used in the various combinations of temperature (150, 165 and 180 °C), stirring speed (500, 750 and 1000 rpm) and hydrogen pressure (1, 2 and 3 bar). Raising the temperature increased the formation of fatty acid isomers, whereas higher stirring rates decreased this formation, while changes in hydrogen pressure had no effect or slightly reduced it, depending on other parameters. Results also indicated that the trans fatty acid ratio increased with IV reduction, reached the highest value when the IV was about 70 and decreased at IV < 70 due to saturation. Selectivity values (S21) at that point ranged between 5.78 and 11.59. Lower temperatures and higher stirring rates decreased not only the trans isomer content but also the S21 values at significant levels. However, same effects were not observed with the changes in hydrogen pressure. It was determined that a high SMP does not necessarily mean a high SFC. Selective conditions produced samples with higher SFC but lower SMP, which is possibly because of higher trans isomer formation as well as lower saturation.
Macrocyclic 14‐Membered Ring Diketal Diamines: Synthesis, Conformational Analysis and 99mTc Radiolabeling Evaluation
Authors: Affani Radouane , Auzeloux Philippe , Madelmont Jean‐Claude , Dugat Denise
Published: February 2008

Chiral and achiral macrocyclic diketal diamines, analogs of cyclams, were synthesized from the previously obtained corresponding diketal dilactams by reduction with lithium aluminum hydride in the presence of a trace amount of triethylamine. In the (15–30) × 10–3 M concentration range, the reaction led mainly to the expected doubly reduced compounds except in the trans‐OMe substituted series (R = Ph, Me), in which it partially stopped at the single reduction stage. A conformational study conducted by liquid NMR spectroscopy and molecular mechanics calculations showed that the most stable conformations were either set in a rectangular [3434]‐type structure for trans‐OMe compounds 7b (R = Me) and 10b (R = H) or stabilized by two intramolecular NH···O hydrogen bonds for all the other macrocyclic diamines. Tc‐99m radiolabeling with the nitrido–technetium core [TcN]2+ gave ≈10–20 % exchange yields. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Electrochemical Sensor for the Determination of Dopamine in Presence of High Concentration of Ascorbic Acid Using a Fullerene‐C60 Coated Gold Electrode
Authors: Goyal Rajendra Nath , Gupta Vinod Kumar , Bachheti Neeta , Sharma Ram Avatar
Published: February 2008

A fullerene‐C60‐modified gold electrode is employed for the determination of dopamine in the excess of ascorbic acid using square‐wave voltammetry. Based on its strong catalytic function towards the oxidation of dopamine and ascorbic acid, the overlapping voltammetric response of both the biomolecules at the bare electrode is resolved into two well‐defined voltammetric peaks with lowered oxidation potential and enhanced oxidation currents. Linear calibration curves for dopamine are obtained using square‐wave voltammetry over the concentration range 1 nM–5.0 μM in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.2 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9931 and the detection limit (3σ) is estimated to be 0.26×10−9 M. The interference studies showed that the presence of physiologically common interferents (i.e. uric acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, glucose and sodium chloride) negligibly affects the response of dopamine. The practical analytical utility of the method is illustrated by quantitative determination of dopamine in commercially available pharmaceutical formulation and human body fluids, viz. urine and blood plasma, without any preliminary treatment.
Quantitative predictions for DNA two‐dimensional display according to size and nucleotide sequence composition
Authors: Mercier Jean‐François , Kingsburry Christine , Slater Gary W. , Lafay Bénédicte
Published: February 2008

2‐D DNA display is a simple separation method that provides a fast and economical way of visualizing polymorphism and comparing genomes. The DNA fragments are separated first according to their size by standard gel electrophoresis and then according to their sequence composition using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. First developed by Fischer and Lerman (Cell 1979, 16, 191–200), this method has recently been used to distinguish strains within a bacterial species. The genomic restriction fragments are displayed as spots on a 2‐D surface. Although most of the relevant physical mechanisms are understood, this technique is mostly empirical and remains essentially qualitative. In view of optimizing this procedure, we combine our understanding of the different physical mechanisms at play to develop a complete numerical model to predict the relative coordinates of the spots as a function of the corresponding DNA sequence and of the experimental conditions. We experimentally validate our model by predicting the outcome of a 2‐D display of the λ phage genome. It thus becomes possible to optimize in silico the experimental parameters, to predict whether specific mutations as well as yet undescribed genetic polymorphisms can be resolved, and to assist in interpreting the experimental data.
Improved DNA fragment length estimation in capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Akbari Akbar , Marthinsen Gunnhild , Lifjeld Jan T. , Albregtsen Fritz , Wennerberg Liv , Stenseth Nils C. , Jakobsen Kjetill S.
Published: February 2008

In CE the charged DNA strands are fractionated according to fragment lengths as they migrate through the capillary, since shorter DNA fragments pass through the sieving matrix faster. Multiplexed internal size standards are used to estimate the size of unknown DNA fragments. In the literature there are statements about migration abnormalities for the 250 and 340 bp fragments in the GeneScan‐500 (GS500) internal size standards. Such anomalous migration of size standards could obviously introduce errors in the estimation of unknown fragments. Therefore, a number of analysis programs simply exclude some of these fragments. In the present work we first evaluate the effect of excluding each of the fragments in the internal size standards used in CE. Next, a method which is based on estimating the true values of the anomalous fragments is presented. The results obtained by the new method indicate a significant improvement compared to results obtained when one (or both) of the anomalous fragments in GS500 is (are) excluded or included when estimating the size of unknown DNA fragments. In the higher‐molecular‐weight region, the average error is reduced from 1.91 bp in ABI GeneMapper (excluding 250 bp) to 0.15 bp in the new method (using the estimated values for 250 and 340 bp). In the lower‐molecular‐weight region, excluding both fragments will improve the results by an average of 0.74 bp compared to ABI GeneMapper.
Visualization of interactions between siderophore transporters and the energizing protein TonB by native PAGE
Authors: Choul‐Li Souhaila , Adams Hendrik , Pattus Franc , Celia Hervé
Published: February 2008

Horizontal nondenaturing electrophoresis of proteins in polyacrylamide gels was used to observe specific interactions between membrane proteins. The method was particularly well suited for solubilized transporters of the outer membrane of Gram‐negative bacteria, and allowed specific complexes of transporter and the inner‐membrane protein TonB to be isolated. We have used this method to investigate the interactions between four different outer‐membrane transporters, and the TonB proteins from two different organisms. The results show that a stable complex can be isolated on gels for all the proteins studied, but can depend in some cases of the detergent used for solubilization. Furthermore, we observe cross‐species interaction as TonB from a given organism can interact with transporters from another organism.
Complex rectification of Müller cell Kir currents
Authors: Kucheryavykh Yuriy V. , Shuba Yaroslav M. , Antonov Sergei M. , Inyushin Mikhail Y. , Cubano Luis , Pearson Wade L. , Kurata Harley , Reichenbach Andreas , Veh Rüdiger W. , Nichols Colin G. , Eaton Misty J. , Skatchkov Serguei N.
Published: February 2008

Although Kir4.1 channels are the major inwardly rectifying channels in glial cells and are widely accepted to support K+‐ and glutamate‐uptake in the nervous system, the properties of Kir4.1 channels during vital changes of K+ and polyamines remain poorly understood. Therefore, the present study examined the voltage‐dependence of K+ conductance with varying physiological and pathophysiological external [K+] and intrapipette spermine ([SP]) concentrations in Müller glial cells and in tsA201 cells expressing recombinant Kir4.1 channels. Two different types of [SP] block were characterized: “fast” and “slow.” Fast block was steeply voltage‐dependent, with only a low sensitivity to spermine and strong dependence on extracellular potassium concentration, [K+]o. Slow block had a strong voltage sensitivity that begins closer to resting membrane potential and was essentially [K+]o‐independent, but with a higher spermine‐ and [K+]i‐sensitivity. Using a modified Woodhull model and fitting i/V curves from whole cell recordings, we have calculated free [SP]in in Müller glial cells as 0.81 ± 0.24 mM. This is much higher than has been estimated previously in neurons. Biphasic block properties underlie a significantly varying extent of rectification with [K+] and [SP]. While confirming similar properties of glial Kir and recombinant Kir4.1, the results also suggest mechanisms underlying K+ buffering in glial cells: When [K+]o is rapidly increased, as would occur during neuronal excitation, “fast block” would be relieved, promoting potassium influx to glial cells. Increase in [K+]in would then lead to relief of “slow block,” further promoting K+‐influx. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multivariate partial adjustment of financial ratios: a Bayesian hierarchical approach
Authors: Gallizo Jose Luis , Gargallo Pilar , Salvador Manuel
Published: February 2008

In this paper we propose a multivariate extension of the partial adjustment model of financial ratios. To that end, we use a dynamic factor model which assumes that financial ratios measuring, essentially, the same economic–financial dimension of the firm evolve in a similar way, reflecting the evolution of the common factor. The proposed model is hierarchical with three levels. The first describes the relationship between each ratio and its common factor; the second describes the evolution of the common factors over time by means of Lev's (1969) partial adjustment model; and the third analyzes the similarity of firms' adjustment coefficients, taking into account their characteristics. The methodology is applied to the analysis of a set of financial ratios related to the business and financial structure of the firm. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anisotropic polyvinyl alcohol—Bacterial cellulose nanocomposite for biomedical applications
Authors: Millon Leonardo E. , Guhados Ganesh , Wan Wankei
Published: February 2008

Compliance mismatch between the synthetic graft and the surrounding native tissue has been reported as a major factor in ultimate failure of the currently used cardiovascular graft replacements. Thus, developing biomaterials that display close mechanical properties as the tissue it is replacing is an important objective in biomedical devices design. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a biocompatible hydrogel with characteristics desired for biomedical applications. It can be crosslinked by a low temperature thermal cycling process. By using a novel thermal processing method under an applied strain and with the addition of a small amount of bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers, an anisotropic PVA‐BC nanocomposite was created. The stress–strain tensile properties of porcine aorta were closely matched in both the circumferential and the axial directions by one type of anisotropic PVA‐BC nanocomposite (10% PVA with 0.3% BC at 75% initial strain and cycle 2) within physiological range, with improved resistance to further stretch beyond physiological strains. The PVA‐BC nanocomposite gives a broad range of mechanical properties, including anisotropy, by controlling material and processing parameters. PVA‐BC nanocomposites with controlled degree of anisotropy that closely match the mechanical properties of the soft tissue it might replace, ranging from cardiovascular to other connective tissues, can be created. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2008
Efficient calculation of configurational entropy from molecular simulations by combining the mutual‐information expansion and nearest‐neighbor methods
Authors: Hnizdo Vladimir , Tan Jun , Killian Benjamin J. , Gilson Michael K.
Published: February 2008

Changes in the configurational entropies of molecules make important contributions to the free energies of reaction for processes such as protein‐folding, noncovalent association, and conformational change. However, obtaining entropy from molecular simulations represents a long‐standing computational challenge. Here, two recently introduced approaches, the nearest‐neighbor (NN) method and the mutual‐information expansion (MIE), are combined to furnish an efficient and accurate method of extracting the configurational entropy from a molecular simulation to a given order of correlations among the internal degrees of freedom. The resulting method takes advantage of the strengths of each approach. The NN method is entirely nonparametric (i.e., it makes no assumptions about the underlying probability distribution), its estimates are asymptotically unbiased and consistent, and it makes optimum use of a limited number of available data samples. The MIE, a systematic expansion of entropy in mutual information terms of increasing order, provides a well‐characterized approximation for lowering the dimensionality of the numerical problem of calculating the entropy of a high‐dimensional system. The combination of these two methods enables obtaining well‐converged estimations of the configurational entropy that capture many‐body correlations of higher order than is possible with the simple histogramming that was used in the MIE method originally. The combined method is tested here on two simple systems: an idealized system represented by an analytical distribution of six circular variables, where the full joint entropy and all the MIE terms are exactly known, and the R,S stereoisomer of tartaric acid, a molecule with seven internal‐rotation degrees of freedom for which the full entropy of internal rotation has been already estimated by the NN method. For these two systems, all the expansion terms of the full MIE of the entropy are estimated by the NN method and, for comparison, the MIE approximations up to third order are also estimated by simple histogramming. The results indicate that the truncation of the MIE at the two‐body level can be an accurate, computationally nondemanding approximation to the configurational entropy of anharmonic internal degrees of freedom. If needed, higher‐order correlations can be estimated reliably by the NN method without excessive demands on the molecular‐simulation sample size and computing time. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
MALDI mass spectrometric determination of dendritic iron chelation stoichiometries and conditional affinity constants
Authors: Kong Xiaole , Neubert Hendrik , Zhou Tao , Liu ZuDong , Hider Robert C.
Published: February 2008

The iron chelation stoichiometries of a dendritic iron(III) chelator with N1, N3, N5‐trimethylbenzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamide at its core, and containing 3 identical hexadentate tris‐hydroxypyridinone branches D was studied by MALDI mass spectrometry. At pH 7.2, the speciation of the system included FeD, Fe2D and Fe3D species with the respective conditional stability constants of 26.74, 26.03 and 25.36. The differences in the stepwise affinity constants arise from the statistical distribution of iron(III), and there was no evidence for cooperativity between the iron‐binding sites. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Imatinib metabolite profiling in parallel to imatinib quantification in plasma of treated patients using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Rochat Bertrand , Fayet Aurélie , Widmer Nicolas , Lahrichi Sabine L. , Pesse Benoît , Décosterd Laurent A. , Biollaz Jérôme
Published: February 2008

Besides affecting the systemic bioavailability of the parent drug, drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) may produce bioactive and/or toxic metabolites of clinical interest. We have investigated the capability to analyze simultaneously the parent drug and newly identified metabolites in patients' plasma by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS).

The anticancer drug, imatinib, was chosen as a model drug because it has opened a new area in cancer therapy and is given orally and chronically. In addition, resistance and rare but sometimes severe side effects have been reported with this therapy.

The quantification of imatinib and the profiling of its metabolites in plasma were established following three steps: (1) set‐up of a generic sample extraction and LC–MS/MS conditions, (2) metabolite identification by LC–MS/MS using eitherin vitroincubations performed with human liver microsomes (HLMs) or patient plasma samples, (3) the simultaneous determination of plasma levels of imatinib and 14 metabolites in the plasma samples of 38 patients.

Partial or cross method validation has been done and revealed that precise determinations of metabolite levels can be performed whereas pure standards are not available.

Preliminary results indicate that the disposition of imatinib and its metabolites is related to interindividual variables and that outlier metabolite profiles can be revealed.

This article underscores that, in addition to usual therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), LC–MS/MS methods can simultaneously record a complete drug metabolic profile enabling various correlation studies of clinical interest. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Substituted 3‐phenylpropenoates and related analogs: electron ionization mass spectral fragmentation and density functional theory calculations
Authors: Wheelock C. E. , Colvin M. E. , Sanborn J. R. , Hammock B. D.
Published: February 2008

Analysis of ethyl 3‐(2‐chlorophenyl)propenoate by electron ionization mass spectrometry showed the distinct loss of an ortho chlorine. To characterize the structural requisites for the observed mass fragmentation, a series of 30 halogen‐substituted 3‐phenylpropenoate‐related structures were examined. All ester‐containing alkene derivatives exhibited loss of the distinctive chlorine from the 2‐position of the phenyl ring. Analogous derivatives with the halogen (chlorine or bromine) in the para position did not evidence selective halogen loss. Results demonstrated that substituted 3‐phenylpropenoates and their analogs fragment via the formation of a previously reported benzopyrylium intermediate. To understand the correlation between the intramolecular radical substitution and the abundance and selectivity of the chlorine (or other halogen) displacement, density functional theory calculations were performed to determine the charge on the principal cation involved in the chlorine loss (in the ortho, meta, and para positions), the charge for the neutral radical (noncation), the excess alpha‐electron density on the relevant atom and the energy to form the cation from the neutral atom (ionization energy). Results showed that the selectivity and extent of halogen displacement correlated highly to the electrophilicity of the radical cation as well as the neutral radical. These data further support the proposed fragmentation mechanism involving intramolecular radical elimination. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
X‐ray study of AlSi 7 alloy cast in sand mold using an ultrasound field
Authors: Mihoc E. R. , Porcar D.D. , Porcar I.
Published: February 2008

This paper shows some results obtained by X‐ray diffraction of an AlSi 7 alloy. The samples were cast in sand moulds, and an ultrasonic field during was used the solidification. The results show different behavior between classical sand cast mold alloy without and with ultrasound treatment. The presented analyses explain the improvement of some mechanical characteristics of the material.
Numerical model for composite structures with experimental confirmation
Authors: Harapin A. , Radnić J. , Ćubela D.
Published: February 2008

The paper briefly presents a numerical model for the simulation of composite structures. The main structure is modeled with two‐dimensional plane finite elements. The composite surface is modeled with two‐dimensional interface elements for the continuous connection simulation and modified beam elements for the discrete connection simulation. The applied material model’s primary purpose is the simulation of reinforced concrete structures. It includes the most important nonlinear effects of reinforced concrete behavior: yielding in compression and opening and propagation of cracks in tension, with tensile and shear stiffness of cracked concrete, as well as the nonlinear behavior of reinforced steel. It also includes nonlinear behavior of the composite surface and the connection elements. The model was confirmed in experimental tests of composite concrete Omnia slabs, which are in common usage. The achieved test results were compared with the results obtained through the developed numerical model.
Free flap coverage of gluteal defect using posteriorly translocated deep femoral vessels as recipient
Authors: Chang Li‐Ren , Lee Jing‐Wei
Published: February 2008

A 63‐year‐old paraparetic man presented with a large ischial pressure sore over the left buttock region. A failed surgical attempt using gluteal thigh flap transfer rendered the reconstructive task a challenging issue. In the absence of suitable regional flaps or any accessible recipient vessels nearby, we must employ a novel strategy to solve the clinical problem. The entire length of the deep femoral vessel was isolated through the anterior approach, which was then transposed posterior wards to the gluteal region to nourish a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free flap while the patient was laid prone. The wound healed uneventfully and the patient remains ulcer‐free throughout 3 years of follow‐up. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Improved long‐term recording of nerve signal by modified intrafascicular electrodes in rabbits
Authors: Jia Xiaofeng , Zhen Gehua , Puttgen Adrian , Zhang Jian , Chen Tongyi
Published: February 2008

Methods for long‐term recording of peripheral nerve activity via intrafascicular electrodes have not been optimized. We compared the long‐term functionality of custom‐made 95%Pt/5%Ir intrafascicular electrodes containing a proximal spring‐like structure to that of conventional straight electrodes. The modified electrode was implanted into the sciatic nerve fascicle of a random hind limb in 14 rabbits for 9 months. A conventional electrode was implanted in the opposite hind limb as a control. Orthodromic and antidromic nerve potentials were sampled and analyzed monthly. Latency, amplitude, and nerve conduction velocity of electrical signals were generally similar within the modified group and straight control group at different time intervals (P > 0.05). However, at the conclusion of the study period, the modified electrode group had a greater number of functioning electrodes (P < 0.05) and a greater total functioning electrode time (P = 0.006). Intrafascicular electrodes with a spring‐like structure demonstrated superior potential for long‐term electrophysiological monitoring over straight electrodes. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.