bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Affekt og effekt
Authors: Lauritsen Laurits
Published: September 2023

Freuds lære om affekten går ud fra hans teori om fortrængningen og om det ubevidste. Beskrivelsen af fortrængningen og det ubevidste omfatter også træk af en teori om det sproglige i forholdet til psykisk forsvar overfor stærke påvirkninger. Det er bl.a. på disse sproglige elementer, at Lacan bygger videre. Hos Lacan finder man ingen egentlig teori om affekten, men derimod en teori om angsten. Man finder heller ingen teori om fortrængningsprocessen, men derimod en udbygget teori om, hvad der sker, når "det fortrængte vender tilbage" til subjektet (det ubevidstes "åbning"). Tillige er der ofte blevet talt om acting-out-sammenhængen (passage á l'acte) i Ecole Freudienne de Paris. Teorien om affekten hos Freud bliver hos lacan til et mere alment træk ved psyken (ved "det psykiske apparat", som Freud kaldte det), nemlig dets manglende kapacitet til udtømmende symbolsk arbejde. Dette udvikler lacan til en teori for de tre registre for sammenhængen i det ubevidste sprog, der taler, nemlig I, R og S, l'imaginaire, le réel, le symbolique. R (le réel), som ikke må forveksles med "virkeligheden" (la réalité), udtrykker et residuum, et fravær af symboliseringen, et "ikke-til-at-sige", som dog indgår i analysen. Indtil et vist punt påtager symptomet sig denne rolle, mennår symptomet er analyseret, bliver denne refraktære, residuale virkelighed (R, le réel) til en del af subjektets måde at placere sig isproget på. Et talende legeme, som dog ikke siger noget.
Det dæmoniske
Authors: Sode Funch Bjarne
Published: September 2023

I 1844 skrev Søren Kierkegaard i sin afhandling "Begrebet Angest" om det dæmoniske med en bemærkelsesværdig indsigt og intensitet. Siden er hans tanker herom kun sporadisk taget op til behandling. Artiklen belyser det dæmoniske som en psykologisk problematik, der vanskeligt lader sig beskrive, fordi det i sine fremtrædelsesformer ikke umiddelbart lader sig adskille fra det almene. Det dæmoniske fremstilles som en tilstand i eksistentiel konfrontation, hvis opdukken sker i mødet med den anden. Med udgangspunkt i Kierkegaard beskrives de værens-former som danner grundbetingelserne for den dæmoniske tilstand. Det afgørende dilemma omkring selv-refleksionen belyses. Og med angsten, det indesluttede, den manglende kontinuitetog indholdsløsheden præciseres dæmoniens væsen. Gennem behandlingen rejses spørgsmålet, om psykologien af i dag har overseten forståelsesdimension og derved udelukket sig fra at forstå og forholde sig til den dæmoniske tilstand som en hyppigt forekommende eksistentiel konfrontation og krise.
Brugervenlige edb-systemer: en introduktion
Authors: Helms Jørgensen Anker
Published: September 2023

Edb-teknologien trænger frem overalt. Manuelle redskaber og færdigheder erstattes af formaliserede systemer - som også er arbejdsredskaber. De skal derfor også være brugervenlige. Dette er langt fra tilfældet i dag. Artiklen opridser først nogle af årsagerne hertil. Dernæst omtales tre forskningsprojekter indenfor brugervenlighed. Det første handler om navngivning af kommandoer: det viser, at navngivning er en utrolig kreativ proces - men alligevel med en underliggende systematik. Det andet projekt tager hul på området design-psykologi. En række vigtige elementer i psykologien i systemdesign lægges frem på grundlag af interviews med fem systemdesignere. Det er vigtigt at forstå disse elementer, dels fordi systemdesignere næsten enerådende bestemmer udformningen af systemernes brugergrænseflader, og dels fordi de er forbrugere af forskningens resultater.Det tredie projekt er et traditionelt laboratorieeksperiment om strukturen i den opgave, som brugeren løser. En "objekt-orienteret" struktur sammenlignedes med en "funktions-orienteret". Den første viste sig klart at være den letteste at lære. Dette eksperiment førte til, at jeg som systemdesigner overværede brugernes møde med systemet. Det var utrolig overraskende, hvor stor en kløft der var mellem brugernes forståelse og min egen. Dette leder til artiklens sidste del, nemlig to veje til mere brugervenlige systemer: at skabe "objektiv" viden eller bygge på personlige erfaringer.
Den kvindelige tanke
Authors: Gammelgaard Judy
Published: September 2023

Med udgangspunkt i Simone de Beauvoirs klassiske værk om kvinders situation "Det andet køn" påpeger forfatteren nogle filosofiske grundantagelser, som ikke er forskellige fra dem man finder i traditionel antifeministisk filosofi. Som repræsentanter for sidstnævnte redegøres for Otto Weiningers og Georg Simmels opfattelse af kvinden. Forfatteren påpeger de begrænsninger for en radikal feministisk frigørelsesstrategi, der ligger i denne dualistiske opfattelse af primært rationel og intuitiv viden, og hun bruger psykoanalysen som eksempel på en erkendeform, der kan bidrage til en nuancering af ovennævnte dualistiske tænkning.
Moralitet, samfundsmæssighed og handlingsanalyse
Authors: May Michael
Published: September 2023

Det er i denne artikel hensigten, gennem en historisk og teoretisk diskussion af begreberne om ideologi, solidaritet og statsterror (hos henholdsvis de franske "ideologer", Durkheim og Robespierre), at nå frem til en bestemmelse af forholdet mellem moralitet og samfundsmæssighed. Dette forhold fremstilles dermed i sammenhæng med konstitutionen af sociologien hos Durkheim, - idet jeg forfølger tesen om, at "adfærdsvidenskaberne" kan ses som en videnskabeliggørelse af den etiske problematik. Forholdet mellem moralitet og samfundsmæssighed fremstilles desuden i sammenhæng med spørgsmålet om den politiske konstitution af solidariteten i samfundet. Teoretisk søger jeg at vise, at de forskellige enkeltvidenskaber, der tematiserer handlingslivet (sociologi/psykologi/lingvistik), er henvist til at tænke den etiske problematik gennem en fordobling af subjekt-formen i individual-subjekt og kollektiv-subjekt, og til at tænke de almene betingelser for samfundsmæssighed som henholdsvis "indre"handlingskompetencer i individerne og ''ydre" institutioner i samfundet. Der kan argumenteres for, at disse betingelser for samfundsmæssighed egentlig er af moralsk art, og at den praktiske realisering af disse betingelser derfor ikke bør sættes som et apriorisk udgangspunkt for erkendelsen af vores sociale liv.
Ethos, psyke og numen
Authors: Ingemann Nielsen Torsten
Published: September 2023

Hovedsynspunktet i dette essay sammenfattes i titelen: Vore værdier ("Ethos") udvikles alt efter, hvordan vi sjæleligt ("Psyke") er åbneeller lukkede over for mødet med den hellige ("Numen").
Berørt af menneskehånd
Authors: Willert Søren
Published: September 2023

I tekstens første hovedafsnit fremstilles nogle udviklingslinier indenfor den kvantitativt orienterede psykoterapi-forskning. Denne forskning siges at have givet anledning til - og samtidig fungere som kommentar til et psykoterapiens rationalitetsdilemma: den »virker«, men uden præcist at kunne angive denne virkemådes forudsætninger. Tekstens andet hovedafsnit er en modelbeskrivelse for den psykoterapeutiske proces-logik, baseret på kvalitativ analyse af egne terapeut-erfaringer. Dette afsnit munder ud i konstateringen af en logisk inkommensurabilitet mellem mål-perspektiver for den terapeutiske proces, og terapeutens handlestyrings-perspektiv. I tekstens tredie hovedafsnit sammenføjes de to beskrivelsesperspektiver gennem nogle principielle betragtninger om rationalitetsbegrebets væsentlighed i en psykoterapeutisk forståelsessammenhæng.
Når virkeligheden svigter
Authors: Rosenbaum Bent
Published: September 2023

Det psykoterapeutiske møde med psykotiske mennesker, ikke mindst mennesker i skizofrene tilstande, er ofte maximalt udfordrende for behandlerens kompetence og modoverføring. I udforskningen af den terapeutiske proces stilles mange forskningsmæssige problemer på spidsen. Eksempler på disse vanskeligheder diskuteres. Artiklen tager teoretisk udgangspunkt i psykoanalytisk tænkning. Dens praktiske udgangspunkt er egne erfaringer samt erfaringer fra et dansk projekt vedrørende psykoterapi af mennesker med skizofreni eller skizofreniforme tilstande (det danske projekt er et delprojekt i en fællesnordisk undersøgelse). I artiklen diskuteres bl.a.: behandlingens etik, problemer med at etablere en behandlingsalliancemed patienten for hvem en initial »state of non-experience« er fremherskende, metaforens betydning i psykoterapi samt betydningen af den unøjagtige fortolkning.
Hvad blev der af det »analytiske arbejde«?
Authors: Lauritsen Laurits
Published: September 2023

At betragte den psykoanalytiske kur som et forløb eller en proces og mindre insistere på, at den skal vurderes på det terapeutiske resultat, er ikke en ekstern betragtning af psykoanalysen, men det ligger i selve Freuds begreb om »psykisk arbejde«. Dette udtryk, og andre sammensætninger med ordet Arbeit, er i Freuds formuleringer både et udtryk for psykens spontane forløb, og for det særforløb, som terapien udgør. Der hævdes her, at terapien i grunden ikke er andet end, at man igennem en særlig associativ praksis (»frie associationer«), på ny gendanner forbindelsen mellem det psykisk fraspaltede materiale og det spontane forløb. Dette medfører også, at erindring og bevidsthed (bevidstgørelse) grundlæggende må ses som sprogligt associative forløb, og der fremkommer dermed ingen modstrid imellem erindring og dette noget, som der aldrig tidligere var bevidsthed om. Da det associative arbejde må kunne ses som forløbende i lighed med drømmearbejdet, forløber den terapeutiske association efter to grundmønstre, der svarer til de omvendte funktioner af forskydning og fortætning. Dette sammenholdes med Lacans beskrivelse af metaforen og metonymien. Til sidst bestemmes den særlige »gevinst« i det terapeutiske arbejde, mellem analysand og analytiker.
En overordnet forskningsmodel
Authors: Bertelsen Preben , Hem Lars
Published: September 2023

Der redegøres i artiklen for en overordnet forskningsmodel for sammenhængen mellem empiriske studier og ulige arter af begrebsdannelse. Artiklen skitserer og diskuterer begrebsdannelsens art og retning i gangen fra dataproduktionen i fastholdelsen af informationer til henholdsvis praktiske begreber og teoretiske begreber. Det gennemgående eksempel til illustration af tankegangen er psykoterapi.
Forsøg over tænkning
Authors: Bredo Ole
Published: September 2023

Artiklen har til formål at aktualisere nogle af de temaer inden for tænkningens psykologi, som har været behandlet på Psykologisk Laboratorium. Det fremhæves som et historisk særpræg ved den videnskabelige argumentation på Psykologisk Laboratorium, at denne til tider har været så konsekvent radikal i sin kritik, at den udover at tjene som grundlag for en berettiget afvisning af spekulative udkast om tænkningens psykologi også må siges at have hæmmet udviklingen af en selvstændig kognitiv psykologi på fænomenologisk grund. Tematisk gennemgås eksempler fra »indstillingens psykologi« til belysning af ovennævnte forhold.Problemstillingen aktualiseres i artiklens andet hovedafsnit, hvor der tentativt bygges bro mellem en fænomenologisk kritik og eksempler på en formaliseret beskrivelse af tænkning. Der argumenteres for den erkendelsesgevinst, der opnås ved at anskue en formalisering som en potentiel udvidelse af individets handlemuligheder.
Verbal reports in psychological investigations: a logical and psychological analysis
Authors: Praetorius N. , Duncan K. D.
Published: September 2023

Since the era of Wundtian introspectionism the status and usefulness of verbal reports from subjects in psychological investigations have been a recurring topic of heated debate and controversy in the international psychological literature. In order to untangle and clearify some of the uncertainties and confusions in this debate, an analysis is attempted of some of the logical and psychological conditions for research involving verbal reports. In the course of this analysis we argue first that any psychological investigation logically presupposes, that communication takes place in a shared language in which both the investigator and the subject know correct statements and descriptions and their correct uses. It is argued, more over, that different areas of psychological research differ distinctively with regard to the opportunities of observation and description - for the investigator and the subject - and,consequently, in the amount of control exercised over events and variables by the investigator and the subject. Examples are given of different psychological conditions and problems encountered in different areas of research and their implications for the development of different research methodes and programmes.
Underlige livsformer
Authors: Warming Georg
Published: September 2023

Anmeldelse af Niels Peter Agger:Underlivsformer i 80'erne.Modtryk, 1984.
Evolution, antropologisk psykologi og kulturpsykologi
Authors: Katzenelson Boje
Published: September 2023

Menneskets psyke består af en forbindelse mellem (1) naturen, (2) den menneskelige organisme og (3) kulturen. Naturen er den første verden, den menneskelige organisme og psyke er den anden verden, kulturen er den tredie verden. Kultur er den tredie verdens formaspekt eller den måde, hvorpå den tredie verden udfolder sig til given tid og sted. Den fylogenetiske korrespondens mellem den første og den anden verden kaldes biopsyke. Den sociogenetiske korrespondens mellem den anden og den tredie verden kaldes kulturpsyke. Biopsyken og kulturpsyken udvikles som en enhed fra to-fire millioner år tilbage.For måske ca. 40. 000 år siden skiltes deres veje, og kun kulturpsyken er herefter udviklingsdygtig som variabel biopsykisk udfoldelse. Kulturpsykologien undersøger, hvorledes den anden verden synkront er påvirket af og bærer den tredie verden. Den antropologiske psykologi udforsker desuden den diakrone vekselvirkning mellem den første, den anden og den tredie verden, herunder den anden verdens skabelse af den tredie samt psykens artsbestemmelse. Der gives en kort oversigt over den psykologiske antropologis hovedretninger.
Adskillelse eller isolation
Authors: Elsass Peter
Published: September 2023

Når en storgruppe adskiller sig fra storsamfundet, er dets overlevelse betinget af at kunne adskille sig uden at blive isoleret. Ud fra et ophold i Jonestown-kolonien i Guyana kort tid før den begik kollektivt selvmord, analyseres de storgruppefænomener, der betingede afviklingen. Sekten var præget af incestuøse forhold og af uløste konflikter mellem individuation og separation. Lejren udviklede sig til en »grådig institution«, hvor lederen blev lejrens totale magtcentrum. Den totale isolation, de apokalyptiske fortolkninger og det historieløse gav dårlige betingelser for at formulere en kulturens Matrix som overlevelsesesmekanisme.
Pædagogik, psykologi, hypermedier
Authors: Jensen Jørgen Aage , Nissen Thomas
Published: September 2023

Med udgangspunkt i spørgsmålet om hvordan nødvendige heuristikker for brug af hypermedier i pædagogisk praksis udledes, fremlægges i denne artikel en formel bestemmelse af fænomenet, på basis af et (fiktivt) eksempel på et hypermedium. I tilknytning hertil anføres en argumentation for, at almene erkendelsesteoretiske og kognitionsteoretiske overvejelser er basis for udledning af heuristikker, der skal være virksomme inden for de pædagogiske overvejelsesfelter: mål, indhold og metode.Som referenceformålovervejelser skitseres epistemologiske kategorier som almene forudsætninger for beskrivelse og fortolkning, og som reference for indholdsovervejelser ontologiske kategorier, der vedrører erkendelsestrin og genstandsområder. Disse to referencer sammenfattes i et erkendelsesteoretisk paradigme.Dernæst skitseres et pædagogisk interaktionsparadigme, som dels specificerer de kategorier, som er grundlag for overvejelser angående elevens kognitive forudsætninger og beredskab, dels de kategorier, som lærerens analyser og indgreb skal beskrives i. Dette paradigme er reference for metodeovervejelser. For begge paradigmer gælder det, at der opregnes flere kategorier,end det er muligt at anvende demonstrerende på det her anførte - illustrative - eksempel på et hypermedium. Det vigtigste i den foreliggende fremstilling er kategoriernes indbyrdes sammenhæng, for dermed at lægge op til en kohærensvurdering.1Endelig diskuteres de to paradigmers muligheder som heuristik for pædagogisk brug af hypermedier. Denne heuristik har domænegenerelle konsekvenser for konstruktions- og udforskningsstrategier, og den udgør et kriteriesæt for didaktisk progredierende mediebrug i det hele taget. Den heuristiske værdi vil imidlertid først fyldestgørende kunne udfoldes i forbindelse med en konkret emnekreds med særlig vidensstruktur. Dette arbejder vi på med emnekredsen »arv-miljø«.
Politique sur les saines habitudes de vie : analyse critique d’initiatives publiques visant à corriger des inégalités en santé à travers l’alimentation
Authors: Durocher Myriam
Published: September 2023

Dans cet article, je propose une analyse discursive de la nouvelle Politique sur les saines habitudes de vie de l’arrondissement de Montréal-Nord (Québec, Canada) et, plus largement, des enjeux et rapports de pouvoir qui la traversent et l’informent. L’analyse met en évidence les normes, présupposés, et processus d’exclusion qui prennent forme au sein de la Politique. D’abord, je mobilise les travaux issus des « critical fat studies » afin de démontrer comment cette politique s’inscrit dans la lignée des discours et pratiques « anti-obésité », favorisant ainsi l’émergence de formes d’oppression à l’intersection des corps, de l’alimentation et de la santé. Je procède ensuite à une analyse des discours hégémoniques et normatifs qui traversent la Politique et font de l’alimentation « saine » (entendue selon des savoirs occidentaux informés par le nutritionnisme [Scrinis, 2013]) une solution à adopter dans la lutte contre l’obésité ou les maladies chroniques. Tout au long de l’article, je mets en évidence comment des politiques publiques peuvent reproduire des formes de discrimination et d’oppression qui se conjuguent à celles existant déjà, et détourner l’attention des inégalités systémiques et structurelles qui se matérialisent à la longue en troubles de santé, actuellement associés à la diète. Je termine en comparant brièvement cette politique avec le nouveau plan adopté par le Conseil alimentaire de Toronto (le Toronto Black Food Sovereignty Plan), qui reconnaît le racisme systémique et son rôle dans les troubles de santé et d’accès à l’alimentation. Je discute certaines des orientations directrices de ce plan afin de mettre en évidence l’approche distincte qui y est privilégiée.
La politisation des cantines scolaires en France
Authors: Caune Hélène , Frasque Florent , Persico Simon
Published: September 2023

Repas végétariens, confessionnels, d’origine locale et/ou biologique, tarifs modulés, inscription des enfants de chômeurs… Les questions associées à la restauration scolaire sont devenues des enjeux de discorde accompagnant la politisation plus générale des questions d’alimentation depuis la fin des années 1990. Cet article étudie les formes de la politisation des cantines scolaires, autour de deux hypothèses principales. Premièrement, les enjeux de restauration scolaire seraient devenus plus visibles et plus conflictuels à l’échelle nationale parce qu’ils s’inscrivent dans les deux nouveaux clivages qui se sont développés au sein des systèmes politiques d’Europe de l’Ouest, entre identité et cosmopolitisme d’une part, et entre écologie et productivisme de l’autre. Deuxièmement, l’autonomie et la diversité des acteurs locaux dans la mise en oeuvre expliqueraient l’influence limitée et différenciée de cette politisation partisane nationale sur le débat public concernant la restauration scolaire à l’échelle locale. Pour confirmer ces hypothèses, nous analysons de manière quantitative (classification) et qualitative deux corpus de plus de 10 000 articles de presse consacrés à ce sujet, qui permettent de distinguer entre les arènes de politisation nationale et régionale; nous nous appuyons aussi sur cinq études de cas dans des communes rurales des deux départements, à partir de matériaux d’entretiens et d’observation. Ces données confirment l’hypothèse d’une politisation nationale passant par une augmentation de la visibilité et du conflit, ainsi que l’association aux nouveaux clivages, mais indiquent que les effets de cette politisation restent limités et différenciés à l’échelle locale.
Repas scolaires, cogestion et peuples autochtones : l’illusion d’un pouvoir infranational au Pérou
Authors: Ricaud Oneto Emmanuelle
Published: September 2023

Le Programme national d’alimentation scolaire du Pérou, Qaliwarma, repose sur un principe de coresponsabilité et de cogestion, et prône une adaptation aux habitudes alimentaires locales. En pratique, en contexte autochtone amazonien, il distribue des aliments industriels issus des régions andines et côtières, produits par de grandes entreprises nationales et internationales qui monopolisent le marché alimentaire. Pourtant, les bénéficiaires de ces peuples sont des collecteurs et producteurs d’aliments. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique menée entre 2013 et 2017, cet article explore les limites du modèle péruvien de cogestion ainsi que les aménagements et les résistances locales qu’il suscite chez deux peuples autochtones amazoniens, maijuna et napuruna. Il montre que les choix politiques relatifs à la conception et aux modalités d’application du programme prolongent de manière singulière des mécanismes de domination et de résistance existants. Le programme s’avère très centralisé et, prenant appui sur des directives internationales, favorise l’agro-industrie au détriment des petits producteurs et des peuples autochtones. Bien que des comités « participatifs » aient été créés, la cogestion se résume à une délégation technique et est peu outillée pour aménager des espaces de dialogue et s’adapter aux préférences alimentaires locales. Toutefois, la « collaboration » informelle des parents, en particulier des mères qui préparent les repas, joue un rôle fondamental en ce sens. L’article met ainsi en évidence le paradoxe suivant : leur action politique ne se situe pas dans l’espace de cogestion mis en avant par le gouvernement mais plutôt dans leur participation directe à la préparation des repas.
Faire face à l’insécurité alimentaire des sans-abri en temps de pandémie. Quel droit à l’alimentation ?
Authors: Maurin Marine , Vives Lola
Published: September 2023

Le confinement strict décrété le 17 mars 2020 en France pour contenir l’épidémie de COVID-19 a engendré un nouveau problème pour les sans-abri : celui de l’insécurité alimentaire. Pour faire face à cette situation inédite d’urgence alimentaire, une multitude d’actions et de coopérations ont vu le jour. Dans ce contexte, nourrir les sans-abri nécessite une reconfiguration des espaces d’action, parfois préexistants. Prenant appui sur une recherche sociologique collective portant sur les ajustements de l’action publique visant les sans-abri pendant la crise sanitaire, dont l’aide alimentaire fait partie, cet article examine la manière dont l’alimentation des sans-abri est devenue un problème public lors de la crise sanitaire liée à la COVID-19 en France. Nous verrons en effet que les distributions d’aides alimentaires avec des colis, principale réponse à l’urgence alimentaire, rendent visibles des coopérations plurielles situées au croisement du militantisme, du caritatif, du travail social et des autorités publiques locales. Nous mettrons également en lumière le fait que ces distributions alimentaires aux personnes sans-abri là où elles ont été confinées font exister un droit à l’alimentation principalement axé sur la disponibilité et l’accessibilité des denrées alimentaires, délaissant en partie la notion de choix et le respect des goûts, des pratiques et sociabilités pourtant au coeur de l’alimentation, même des plus pauvres.
Diseño comunitario y las taquizas
Authors: Foglia Efraín
Published: September 2023

Diseñar comunitariamente se puede entender como un ejercicio de distribución creativa e implementación grupal para realizar un proyecto de beneficio común. El diseño comunitario emana de formas organizativas transversales, anárquicas y cooperativistas, y se aleja del organigrama de los estudios profesionales de diseño. Toda construcción comunitaria se basa en la distribución de las obligaciones y de los beneficios de dicha producción. Este escenario no está exento de conflicto y está repleto de matices, como es comprensible. El diseño como actividad profesional se caracteriza por buscar directamente la prestación de servicios a un cliente muy concreto, para el cual se trabaja por encargo. El cliente tiene el poder de tomar las decisiones.
A novel autonomous container-based platform for cybersecurity training and research
Authors: Chouliaras Nestoras , Kantzavelou Ioanna , Maglaras Leandros , Pantziou Grammati , Amine Ferrag Mohamed
Published: September 2023

Cyberattacks, particularly those targeting systems that store or handle sensitive data, have become more sophisticated in recent years. To face increasing threats, continuous capacity building and digital skill competence are needed. Cybersecurity hands-on training is essential to upskill cybersecurity professionals. However, the cost of developing and maintaining a cyber range platform is high. Setting up an ideal digital environment for cybersecurity exercises can be challenging and often need to invest a lot of time and system resources in this process. In this article, we present a lightweight cyber range platform that was developed under the open-source cloud platform OpenStack, based on Docker technology using IaC methodology. Combining the advantages of Docker technology, DevOps automation capabilities, and the cloud platform, the proposed cyber range platform achieves the maximization of performance and scalability while reducing costs and resources.
Relationship between catheter related cerebrospinal fluid infections and systemic immune-inflammation index
Authors: Nergiz Sebnem , Aydin Ozturk Pinar
Published: September 2023

Background

This study investigated the relationship between the systemic immune inflammation index (SII) and catheter-related infections and their effects on prognosis in pediatric patients.

Methods

A total of 56 pediatric patients diagnosed with ventriculoperitoneal (V-P) shunt infection between January 2017 and October 2019 were included. V-P shunt infection diagnosis was made based on clinical findings. All cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were subjected to direct microscopic examination and culture. Protein, glucose, and sodium levels in CSF, CSF leukocytes, and hematological and biochemical parameters were measured.

Results

Fifty-six patients with growth in CSF culture were included in this study. 55.4% of the cases were female and 44.6% male. V-P shunt was detected in 82.1% of the cases and external ventricular drainage (EVD) catheter-related infection in 17.9%. The CSF/blood glucose ratio was significantly lower (p = 0.046), and SII was significantly increased (p = 0.002) in non-coagulase-negative staphylococci.

Conclusions

Early and appropriate antibiotic therapy reduces morbidity and mortality in catheter-related infections. However, it is important to start empirical antibiotherapy until culture results are expected. Therefore, further research on the estimation of possible factors is needed.
Head lice: impact of COVID-19 and slow recovery of prevalence in Cambridgeshire, UK
Authors: Burgess Ian F. , Brunton Elizabeth R. , Burgess Mark N.
Published: September 2023

Following school closures and changes in contact behavior of children and adults a reduced head louse prevalence has been reported from across the globe. In parallel, sales of treatments were observed to fall, partly because of supply problems of some products following the pandemic, but this did not appear to result in more cases of infestation. Surveys of schools in and around Cambridge, UK, found that infestation rates were significantly reduced particularly in city schools compared with similar surveys conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic. Contrary to expectation the number of cases in schools has only risen slowly since schools returned to normal full time working in 2022–2023.
Structural and functional brain changes in people with knee osteoarthritis: a scoping review
Authors: Salazar-Méndez Joaquín , Cuyul-Vásquez Iván , Viscay-Sanhueza Nelson , Morales-Verdugo Juan , Mendez-Rebolledo Guillermo , Ponce-Fuentes Felipe , Lluch-Girbés Enrique
Published: September 2023

Background

Knee osteoarthritis is a highly prevalent disease worldwide that leads to functional disability and chronic pain. It has been shown that not only changes are generated at the joint level in these individuals, but also neuroplastic changes are produced in different brain areas, especially in those areas related to pain perception, therefore, the objective of this research was to identify and compare the structural and functional brain changes in knee OA versus healthy subjects.

Methodology

Searches in MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, WOS, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Health Source, and Epistemonikos databases were conducted to explore the available evidence on the structural and functional brain changes occurring in people with knee OA. Data were recorded on study characteristics, participant characteristics, and brain assessment techniques. The methodological quality of the studies was analysed with Newcastle Ottawa Scale.

Results

Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. A decrease volume of the gray matter in the insular region, parietal lobe, cingulate cortex, hippocampus, visual cortex, temporal lobe, prefrontal cortex, and basal ganglia was found in people with knee OA. However, the opposite occurred in the frontal lobe, nucleus accumbens, amygdala region and somatosensory cortex, where an increase in the gray matter volume was evidenced. Moreover, a decreased connectivity to the frontal lobe from the insula, cingulate cortex, parietal, and temporal areas, and an increase in connectivity from the insula to the prefrontal cortex, subcallosal area, and temporal lobe was shown.

Conclusion

All these findings are suggestive of neuroplastic changes affecting the pain matrix in people with knee OA.
Appendage abnormalities in spiders induced by an alternating temperature protocol in the context of recent advances in molecular spider embryology
Authors: Napiórkowska Teresa , Templin Julita , Napiórkowski Paweł , Townley Mark A.
Published: September 2023

In the literature there are numerous reports of developmental deformities in arthropods collected in their natural habitat. Since such teratogenically affected individuals are found purely by chance, the causes of their defects are unknown. Numerous potential physical, mechanical, chemical, and biological teratogens have been considered and tested in the laboratory. Thermal shocks, frequently used in teratological research on the spider Eratigena atrica, have led to deformities on both the prosoma and the opisthosoma. In the 2020/2021 breeding season, by applying alternating temperatures (14 °C and 32 °C, changed every 12 h) for the first 10 days of embryonic development, we obtained 212 postembryos (out of 3,007) with the following anomalies: oligomely, heterosymely, bicephaly, schistomely, symely, polymely, complex anomalies, and others. From these we selected six spiders with defects on the prosoma and two with short appendages on the pedicel for further consideration. The latter cases seem particularly interesting because appendages do not normally develop on this body part, viewed as the first segment of the opisthosoma, and appear to represent examples of atavism. In view of the ongoing development of molecular techniques and recent research on developmental mechanisms in spiders, we believe the observed phenotypes may result, at least in part, from the erroneous suppression or expression of segmentation or appendage patterning genes. We consider “knockdown” experiments described in the literature as a means for generating hypotheses about the sources of temperature-induced body abnormalities in E. atrica.
A Study of Phytochemical Analysis and Pharmacological Activities of Withania somnifera
Authors: Premkumar Nandini
Published: September 2023

Ashwagandha roots (Withania somnifera L. Dunal) have a history of utilization in Ayurveda to address conditions such as fever, asthma, arthritis, rheumatism, inflammation, tuberculosis, mental disorders, and male sexual issues. Through phytochemical analyses, it has been determined that the plant predominantly contains alkaloids (such as withanine, sominiferine, tropine, isopelletierine, and anaferine) and steroidal lactones (including withanolides A-Y, withaferine A, withasominiferols A-C, withanone, and sitoindosides) as the active compounds. These constituents and extracts exhibit various pharmacological effects, encompassing antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial, antivenom, and anti-parkinsonian properties. This review provides an

up-to-date overview of ashwagandha, focusing on its phytochemistry and pharmacology. The plant and numerous secondary metabolites have displayed efficacy in ameliorating diverse human ailments. Nonetheless, additional research is imperative to ascertain the precise mechanisms underlying their actions.
Multi-Detector Computed Tomography Angiographic Evaluation of Extremity Vascular Trauma: Case Series
Authors: M. Krishna Kumar , V. Anil Kumar , R. Arun , V. Senthilnathan
Published: September 2023

Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) angiography within the evaluation of extremity trauma. Trauma could be a great public health dilemma in developing and developed countries and regularly involves teenagers. Among different kinds of trauma, vascular injuries of the extremities need special consideration because they’ll be threatening to limb and life. Vascular injury going to exsanguination and hemorrhagic shock is second to central nervous system injury; thus, imaging diagnosis is crucial for the trauma victim as early as possible from admission to the hospital. Although the speed of successful management of those injuries has been increased because of proper pre hospitalization, early referral of patients to specialized trauma centers, and proper surgical interventions, these injuries remain a challenging problem, especially in developing countries.

Conclusion: With the rising trend of road traffic accidents and violence, vascular injuries have become a significant contributor of limb loss, with increased morbidity and mortality. MDCT Angiography has become the most non-invasive diagnostic imaging vascular triage tool applicable to all or any varieties of extremity trauma. Axial sections, multiplanar reconstructions and 3D volume-rendered images should aid within the detection and improve the interpretation of such vascular injuries, osseous and soft-tissue injuries which could be of immense help to the clinician planning surgical procedures.
Evaluation of Soil Fertility Status of Research Farm, College of Agriculture and Research Station, Katghora, Korba, Chhattisgarh
Authors: Sahu Divya , Srivastava L.K. , Porte S. S. , Jatav G.K. , Baghel Somi
Published: September 2023

Total 102 soil surface samples (0-15) were collected from each field of research farm, College of Agriculture, and Research Station Katghora, Korba, (C.G.) to evaluated the soil fertility status, The soil samples were analysed by standard procedures with respect to pH, EC, OC, macronutrients (N, P, K, S) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and B). The results showed that soil pH varied from 4.31 to 5.42 with mean 4.79 and indicated that the soils were found to be moderately acidic to strongly acidic in soil reaction. The electrical conductivity of soil water suspensions ranged from 0.04 to 0.11with mean 0.07 indicated that soils of study area were suitable for all crops. The OC varied from 2.8 to 6.4, with mean value 4.3 g kg-1 and found that about 80 percent soils were under low organic carbon content. Most of the soil samples were found low in available N content, it ranged from 150.53 to 263.16, with mean 224.28 kg ha-1. The available phosphorus varied from 20.51 to 93.32 with mean 49.66 kg ha-1. The available potassium varied from 103.86 to 233.55 with mean 148.81 kg ha-1. The available sulphur varied from 5.99 to 51.55 with mean 22.25 kg ha-1. Micronutrients Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn varied from 6.01 to 44.40 mg kg-1 with mean 20.87 mg kg-1, 4.10 to 16.95 with mean 10.82 mg kg-1, 0.38 to 3.58 with mean 1.82 mg kg-1 and 0.48 to 1.29 with mean 0.82 mg kg-1, respectively. The available B varied from 0.14 to 0.91with mean 0.48 mg kg-1. All the soil samples were found to be high with respect to Fe, Cu and Mn whereas Zn and B were found deficient as 12.75 and 41.19 percent, respectively. According to NIV, the soils of study area were classified in low fertility class for nitrogen, Potassium, Boron, and sulphur, medium fertility class for phosphorus and zinc, and high fertility class for Fe, Mn, Cu.
Abdominal Wall Schwannoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Harti Amine El , Sabur Sara , Habla Marouane , Youssfi Ahlam , Karti Sarah , Diouri Mounia
Published: September 2023

Abdominal wall schwannomas are rare neoplasms originating from peripheral nerve sheaths. We present a case report of a 21-year-old patient with a ten-year history of a subcutaneous mass on the left flank of the abdomen. The mass exhibited a hard consistency and was adherent to the deep plane. Palpation elicited pain, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) initially suggested a dermoid cyst in intimate contact with the external oblique muscle. The patient underwent wide excision of the mass with a 2 cm margin and subsequent closure of the resulting muscle and aponeurotic defect by direct suturing. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a completely excised subcutaneous schwannoma. This case emphasizes the importance of considering schwannomas as a differential diagnosis for abdominal wall masses and highlights the challenges in diagnosing and managing abdominal wall schwannomas. By presenting a comprehensive review of the literature, we aim to contribute to the existing knowledge of this rare entity, facilitating early recognition and appropriate management of abdominal wall schwannomas in clinical practice.
Comparative Economic Analysis of Adopters and Non-Adopters of Seed-to-Seed Mechanization in Maize: A Case Study of Jangaon District in Telangana, India
Authors: Sunitha G. , Sunandini G. P. , Lavanya T. , Reddy D. Srinivasa , Meena A.
Published: September 2023

Seed-to-seed mechanization in maize reduces human drudgery, resolves labour scarcity problems during peak cropping seasons, and reduces the cost of cultivation by increasing the returns. In view of this, the present study compared the costs, returns, and farm business income of adopters and non-adopters of seed-to-seed mechanization, an agro-technology developed and promoted by the Maize Research Station, Hyderabad, Telangana. The cost of cultivation was worked out using cost concepts. A field survey was conducted with 120 sample respondents in Jangaon district during 2021–22. Results from the study revealed that the total cost of cultivation of adopters and non-adopters was Rs. 92,671.77 and Rs. 1,01,031.80, respectively, indicating a 9.02 per cent saving in the cost of cultivation of adopters of this technology. Net returns accrued were 50.41 per cent higher for adopters (Rs. 31,620.11) compared to non-adopters (Rs. 21,022.76). Results also concluded that the returns per rupee spent by adopters and non-adopters were 1.34 and 1.21, respectively, indicating the economic potential of technology adoption.
Effect on Hatching and Mortality of Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) by Bio-agents
Authors: Choudhary Kavita , Bishnoi S. P. , Dhayal Raju , Chandrawat B. S. , Kumari Monu , Gurjar Vishnu , Gurjar Hemraj
Published: September 2023

Investigations were carried out in vitro condition to evaluate the antagonistic effect of fungal and bacterial bio-agents. For effective management of root-knot nematode experiment was conducted in laboratory condition using the culture filtrate (5, 10 and 20 percent concentrate) of bio-agents (viz., Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum, Purpureocillium lilacinum, Pochonia chlamydosporia and Pseudomonas fluorescens). Experimental results showed that all the tested bio-agents significantly reduced the percent hatched juveniles and increased the percent mortality of juveniles. Among the tested bio-agents T. viride was found most effective treatment with minimum percent hatched juveniles and maximum percent mortality on eggs and juveniles of Meloidogyne javanica.
Financial Outcomes of “Bagging” Oncology Drugs Among Privately Insured Patients With Cancer
Authors: Shih Ya-Chen Tina , Xu Ying , Yao James Ching
Published: September 2023

This cohort study examines the difference in per-patient per-month costs between drugs distributed under “bagging,” a drug delivery model that requires patients to obtain physician-administered medications via pharmacies, and traditional buy-and-bill practice.
Man With Disappearing Subconjunctival Foreign Body
Authors: Weppelmann Thomas A. , Harvey Kevin , Narain Sahas
Published: September 2023

A 33-year-old man reported a “pulling and popping sensation” in his left eye and had a photograph showing an irregular, serpiginous extension that was present during the episode. Examination was unremarkable. What would you do next?
Internal Electric Field and Adsorption Effect Synergistically Boost Carbon Dioxide Conversion on Cadmium Sulfide@Covalent Triazine Frameworks Core–Shell Photocatalyst
Authors: Zhang Guping , Li Xunxun , Chen Dongyun , Li Najun , Xu Qingfeng , Li Hua , Lu Jianmei
Published: September 2023

Solar‐driven photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into carbon‐neutral fuels is of significance for energy sustainability. The critical challenges in this process are high charge carrier recombination and low CO2 adsorption capacity. Here, by integrating porous covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) with cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanospheres, a CdS@CTF‐HUST‐1 heterojunction photocatalyst with core–shell structure is developed for CO2‐to‐CO conversion. Experimental investigations combined with density functional theory simulations reveal that the formation of an internal electric field provides the driving force for accelerating S‐scheme charge transfer, resulting in enhanced separation and utilization efficiency of charge carriers in photocatalysis. Together with the improved CO2 adsorption capacity contributed by the porous structure of the CTF‐HUST‐1 shell, the CdS@CTF‐HUST‐1 heterojunction photocatalyst gives an impressive CO yield rate of 168.77 µmol g−1 h−1 with high selectivity. This research furnishes a feasible strategy to construct highly active core–shell composite photocatalysts for optimizing CO2 adsorption and conversion.
Transparent Bilayer ITO Metasurface with Bidirectional and Coherently Controlled Microwave Absorption
Authors: Ge Jiahao , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Yaqiang , Li Haonan , Wang Jiahao , Jiang Ruizhe , Chen Ke , Dong Hongxing , Zhang Long
Published: September 2023

Metasurface absorbers (meta‐absorbers) are highly compelling in modern optoelectronic devices. However, owing to the limitations of the sandwiched design framework, conventional meta‐absorbers are restricted to fully absorbing only one‐sided incident waves while completely reflecting the electromagnetic (EM) waves from the opposite direction. In addition, the existing absorbers are opaque and their absorption performances are fixed after the initial design. Here, an optically transparent meta‐absorber consisting of bilayer indium tin oxide patterned layers that can achieve bidirectional and broadband absorption in the microwave frequency range is demonstrated. The inherent physics of bidirectional absorption can be attributed to the interference between multiple reflections and transmissions of EM waves. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the absorption properties of the proposed meta‐absorber can be continuously switched via coherent control by adding another microwave beam to the other side of the meta‐absorber and manipulating the phase difference between the two input waves. The results indicate that the proposed design can enrich the functionalities of few‐layer metasurfaces and break new ground for EM shielding optical windows.
Infrared Non‐Invasive Exhaled Biomarker Sensing: A Review
Authors: B Uthra , Ranu  , Rahman Md. Ataur , Sriram Sharath , Agarwal Pankaj B.
Published: September 2023

Exhaled breath analysis is considered an effective tool for diagnosing the patient's metabolic status because of its non‐invasive nature. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and other mass spectrometry techniques are widely used for exhaled breath analysis. Nevertheless, the requirement of a handheld device for real‐time analysis and rapid processing time of multiple samples leads to advancing infrared (IR) based breath gas sensing techniques. Herein, the IR gas sensing technologies are discussed with a focus on non‐dispersive infrared (NDIR), photoacoustic (PAS), and tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) gas sensing technologies because of their highly selective gas detection among compound gases (mixture of VOCs), as well as their corresponding sensing mechanisms and characteristics, for real‐time monitoring of exhaled biomarkers. Carbon dioxide, acetone, ammonia, nitric oxide, methane, and ethylene are the significant biomarkers elaborated in this work with their respective clinical applications and the significance of non‐invasive real‐time monitoring using IR detectors. Challenges in selectivity and clinical trials leads to focus on this review. Current market analysis, present status of different techniques to detect specific biomarkers and other challenges with their possible solutions discussed in this review aid in developing highly selective IR‐based handheld breath VOC analyzers for early diagnosis and screening.
Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell‐Derived Conditioned Medium for Diabetes Mellitus and Related Complications
Authors: Isildar Basak , Ozkan Serbay , Koyuturk Meral
Published: September 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most life‐threatening metabolic disorders, with 9% of the global prevalence, and it is estimated to be rising to 12.2% in 2045. Currently, there is no definitive treatment for DM. Although life‐saving, insulin administration to control blood sugar is not a cure for DM and is insufficient to prevent DM‐related complications such as nephropathy, neuropathy, or retinopathy. For this reason, studies are continuing to develop treatments that will provide β‐cell regeneration while suppressing autoimmunity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells with a high proliferation capacity, immunosuppression, and immunomodulation ability. MSCs have gained therapeutic importance with these properties besides their differentiation ability. The immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory properties of the cells arise from the soluble and insoluble factors they secrete into the extracellular environment. Therefore, the culture medium where these cells grow has therapeutic value and is named conditioned medium (CM). In this context, CM obtained from MSCs can provide a similar therapeutic effect with fewer safety concerns. Furthermore, preconditioning of MSCs can improve the effectiveness of these cells and associated cellular products. So, this review summarizes the recent advances in MSC‐derived CMs and their therapeutic potential for DM and related complications.