bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation of Corroded Steel Bridge Girder Ends using Partial-Height Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Encasement
Authors: Lassy Brian , Hain Alexandra , Zaghi Arash E. , Kanyo Zoltan M. , Chuong Bao K. , Cardinali Andrew
Published: September 2023

Beam end corrosion is one of the most prominent types of deterioration on simple-span steel bridges. To address this concern, the Connecticut Department of Transportation and the University of Connecticut have jointly developed a repair method for corroded steel girder ends using ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) encasement. In this repair, shear studs are welded to the undamaged portion of the web and encased in UHPC to create an alternate load path for bearing and shear forces. This novel repair method has been implemented in multiple states. The widespread promotion of steel girder end repair with UHPC demonstrates the need for literature on field implementations and alternative designs. This paper advances the findings from a field implementation completed in Connecticut in October 2021, which was the first instance of a partial-height repair in the country, the first application of the repair to a weathering steel bridge, and the first use of flange studs to restore shear capacity at the junction of the web and bottom flange. Two of the girder ends were fully instrumented to collect data on the performance of the repaired locations. The paper presents an overview of the bridge, discusses the design and implementation of the repair, provides short-term monitoring data showing its successful activation, and discusses lessons learned throughout the process. It is anticipated that the findings put forward provide support for the use of UHPC encasement as a promising method for the repair of corroded steel girder ends.
A Case Series of Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Patients in a Pediatric Functional Neurologic Disorder Clinic
Authors: Wilkinson-Smith Alison , Lerario Mackenzie P. , Klindt Kelsey N. , Waugh Jeff L.
Published: September 2023

Youth who identify as transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) are at increased risk of anxiety, depression, bullying, and loss of social and family support. These factors may increase the risk of developing functional neurologic disorder (FND). If the risk of FND is increased in TGNC youth, then identifying which youth are at increased risk, and the particular times when risk is increased, may allow for earlier diagnosis and treatment of FND. Better awareness of functional symptoms among clinicians who care for TGNC youth may prevent disruption of gender-affirming care if FND symptoms emerge. Patients diagnosed with FND who are TGNC may require different forms of intervention than other youth with FND. We present 4 cases from our multidisciplinary pediatric FND program of TGNC youth who developed FND. In all individuals for whom follow-up information was available, access to gender-affirming health care was associated with marked improvement or resolution of FND symptoms.
The Association between the Percentage of Female Law Enforcement Officers and Rape Report, Clearance, and Arrest Rates: A Spatiotemporal Analysis of California
Authors: Kaplan Zoe , Caetano Raul , Vaeth Patrice , Gruenewald Paul , Ponicki William , Annechino Rachelle , Laqueur Hannah
Published: September 2023

Rape is an underreported violent crime that frequently remains uncleared (open) in the legal system. Rape disproportionately affects women, with 91% of rape victim-survivors estimated to be female. However, law enforcement agencies, the entry point into the criminal justice system, are predominantly comprised of male officers. According to the theory of representative bureaucracy, groups with greater representation in a bureaucratic system are more likely to have their interests protected. This study aims to determine if California law enforcement agencies with a higher percentage of female officers are more likely to have higher rates of rape reporting, clearances, and arrests. No previous study has examined this relationship using statewide data. Crimes and Clearances, Monthly Arrest and Citation Register, and Uniform Crime Reporting data for California (2013–2016) were aggregated into 499 Law Enforcement Reporting Areas (LERA). Bayesian space-time Poisson regressions controlling for LERA demographics and crime produced scaled relative rates for three outcomes: (a) rape report rate: number of reports relative to population ages 18+; (b) rape clearance rate: number of clearances relative to reports; and (c) rape arrest rate: number of arrests for rape relative to reports. A 5% increase in the percentage of female officers within an agency was associated with a 6.2% increase in the rape report rate (ARR: 1.062, 95% credible interval (CI) [1.048, 1.077]), a 2.9% decrease in the clearance rate (ARR: 0.971 95% CI [0.950, 0.993]), and no change in the rape arrest rates (ARR: 1.010; 95% CI [0.981, 1.039]) across all LERA. Thus, increased female officer representation was associated with an increase in rape reporting rates but associated with a decrease in rape clearance rates. The theory of representative bureaucracy was only partially supported, and these relationships may not be causal. The quantity of rape reports received by an agency, employment and promotion practices of agencies, and victim-survivor’s attitudes toward officer’s gender should also be considered.
Biochemical markers of iron status and iron accumulation in peritoneal dialysis patients treated with ferric citrate
Authors: Navarrete José E , Ajiboye Oyintayo , Lea Janice I
Published: September 2023

Background:

Hyperphosphataemia is a common complication of kidney disease. Current dialysis techniques do not provide enough phosphorus clearance, hence the need to use phosphorus binders. Treatment options include calcium carbonate, calcium acetate, lanthanum carbonate, sevelamer hydrochloride and iron-based binders. Patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD) with sustained elevated ferritin levels exceeding 800 ng/mL are at a higher risk of death. We identify PD patients treated with iron-based binders and compare ferritin and risk of iron accumulation to patients treated with non-iron-based binders.

Methods:

All records of patients receiving PD at Emory dialysis centres until 30 October 2021 were reviewed for phosphorus binders. Basic demographics and laboratory data were time-referenced to the days on treatment with a particular binder. Patients were followed until discontinuation of the phosphorus binder, death, transplant, transfer to another dialysis provider or censoring at 36 months after medication was started.

Results:

Compared to calcium acetate and sevelamer, ferric citrate utilisation in PD patients resulted in a sustained increase in ferritin. The proportion of patients with a ferritin equal to or greater than 800 ng/dL and transferrin saturation greater than 40% increased over time in patients treated with ferric citrate and was higher during the second and third year of follow-up compared to baseline values and to patients treated with calcium acetate or sevelamer. Two patients (7%) treated with ferric citrate developed clinically significant haemosiderosis.

Conclusions:

Use of ferric citrated in PD resulted in significant iron accumulation as judged by ferritin levels.
Comparison of 3-[PP]S-Y Spatial Parallel Manipulators based on link tolerances and parasitic motions
Authors: Jain Anshul , Jawale Hemant
Published: September 2023

This paper strives to compare between two 3-Degree of Freedom (DoF) Spatial Parallel Manipulators (SPMs) belonging to the 3-[PP]S-Y family viz., 3-RRS and 3-RPS. The planes of the manipulators belong to this family are arranged in a Y-pattern such that they intersect at 120° in a common line. Both of these manipulators have a common motion of 1T2R (T: Translation, R: Rotation) type, and their comparison in this work is carried out by considering the effects of link tolerance and parasitic motions, for the same task space and End-Effector (EE) positions. Their respective position kinematic analysis is discussed initially. The comparison is then carried out by considering two different cases based on the sizes of the moving platform relative to the base platform. The errors are quantified and all the comparative results are represented with the aid of plots. The conclusions are summarized at the end that allow to know the better of the two manipulators for the given effects.
Rolling process design and simulation optimization of filled composite pipe
Authors: Du Lei , Cao Jianguo , Zhang Jinliang , Su Wenzhuo , Guo Qixuan
Published: September 2023

The rolling forming process of aluminum alloy composite pipes filled with iron powder is a highly complex coupled deformation process. In actual production, the performance of the rolled parts is often affected due to immature technology. By formulating a pass-free rolling process for the filled composite pipes and using ABAQUS software for finite element simulation, it shows that the uniformity of the powder density distribution and the wall thickness distribution of the pipe is poor. By analyzing the variation rules of the powder density distribution and the wall thickness distribution, the pass-free rolling method is improved, a mixed pass rolling process is formulated and finite element simulation is carried out. It shows that the uniformity of the powder density distribution and the wall thickness distribution of the rolled parts is greatly improved. The mixed pass rolling process has certain guiding significance for the actual production of this composite pipe.
Growth and aging study on literatures of information science & library science based on SSCI data
Authors: Lyu Peng-Hui , Guo Lu-Xuan , Zhu Li-Na
Published: September 2023

Both in theory and in practice, Library and Information Science (LIS) are exhibiting a high trend of development. In this work, the growth and aging of literature are applied to make a historical and comprehensive statistical analysis of LIS. A total of 138,658 records spanning 122 years were taken from the SSCI database. The growth and aging curves of LIS have been drawn, supplementing with the driving forces of countries, institutions, and authors to explore the current production situation in the LIS field. According to the findings of this study, Price’s exponential development curve is followed by the increase of literature in LIS. The second phase mentioned by Price, constant exponential growth, is where LIS is right now. It is possible to forecast that LIS will continue to grow exponentially and will eventually become more mature. Based on the Price Index in the LIS discipline, which was roughly 0.348 in 2022, researchers frequently cite new literature. Since LIS is rapidly aging, knowledge updates happen more frequently, which is consistent with the development stage of the LIS discipline. Countries, institutions and authors all exhibit strong power-law distributions in terms of the driving forces. In the field of LIS, the United States is unquestionably the leader. Despite having a relatively late start, China has made rapid progress in the field of LIS, with Wuhan University gaining prominence in the last 3 years, which deserves attention.
Training the Mobile Great Wall: Social class and player–coach interactions in a Chinese basketball academy
Authors: Ge Teng
Published: September 2023

Although athletes are considered the most important actors in training and competitions, many studies tend to view them as passive recipients of resources and opportunities that coaches and parents provide for them. This study investigates the active role that athletes might play in training by asking how athletes might proactively obtain opportunities on their own behalf when interacting with coaches. Through a 16-month ethnographic study of one elite Chinese basketball academy, I show that players’ class backgrounds shape their interactions with coaches, which in turn create different training experiences and athletic outcomes. Compared to their less-privileged peers, relatively privileged players not only respond to coaches’ directions more independently and actively, but also make requests to coaches more frequently and fluently. Relatively privileged players’ interaction strategies and behaviors give them advantages in meeting coaches’ implicit expectations in training by customizing the seemingly collectivist training programs in ways that fit their own needs. Consequently, they are more likely to elevate their athletic performances and prevent potential injuries in relation to their less-privileged teammates. The findings highlight the active role that athletes can play in sports training and new mechanisms through which stratifications are (re)produced in the field of professional sports.
Applying the Generalizability Theory to Identify the Sources of Validity Evidence for the Quality of Communication Questionnaire
Authors: Del Castanhel Flávia , Fonseca Fernanda R. , Bonnassis Burg Luciana , Maia Nogueira Leonardo , Rodrigues de Oliveira Filho Getúlio , Grosseman Suely
Published: September 2023

Effective doctor-patient-family communication is an integral and sensitive part of health care, assessing its quality is essential to identify aspects needing disclosure and, if necessary, improvement. Cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the sources of evidence of validity and the number of participants needed to reliably apply the Quality of Communication Questionnaire (QoC) through Generalizability Theory (GT). The mean age of the 150 patients hospitalized at the end of life was 50.5 (SD = 13.8) years, the mean hospital length of stay was 7.5 (SD = 10.2) days, 56.9% were male. Regarding the 105 patients’ family members of patients whose mean length of hospital stay was 9.5 (SD = 9.1) days, their mean age was 42.2 (SD = 14.7) years, 69.5% were female. GT was used to quantify the minimum number of questionnaires needed, with the aim of reaching a reliable estimate of QoC with G-coefficients. To reach a reliability of .90, there is a need for 25 for the Eρ2 questionnaires and 35 for the Φ. The exact estimation identified the minimum number of questionnaires required for the evaluation of physicians by patients. To obtain a reliability of .90, there is a need for 30 and 40 questionnaires for the G-coefficients. A practical and fast application makes it possible to use QoC in its entirety or alone to evaluate general communication or communication about palliative care. Furthermore, based on these results, it was possible to identify which aspects were effective or ineffective in these contexts.
Is There Emotional Contagion Between the Caregiver–Patient Dyad in Bronchial Asthma?
Authors: Valero-Moreno Selene , Montoya-Castilla Inmaculada , Pérez-Marín Marián
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study is the relationship between psychological variables and adjustment to the disease in patients and their primary family caregivers to analyze the possible existence of emotional contagion between them. A total of 150 caregiver–patient dyads participated. The results indicate higher levels of anxious-depressive symptomatology in the caregiver than in the patient. The caregiver's presence of anxiety and depression is related to lower scores in quality of life, self-esteem, and a more significant perceived threat of illness. The caregivers’ emotional adjustment is predicted by their own variables (stress, need for approval and hostile conflict resolution) and by those of the patient (self-esteem, threat of illness and quality of life). In the patient's case, their adjustment was mainly explained by their own variables and caregiver's perceived stress. Parents and other primary caregivers provide attention, care, and love and can promote a safe environment for emotional adjustment in patients.
What Happened to Your Calling? The Development of Calling Across College-To-Work Transition
Authors: Rosa Anna Dalla , Gerdel Sophie , Vianello Michelangelo
Published: September 2023

Career calling is a pervasive, purposeful, transcendent, and passion-driven approach to a job that is perceived as central to individuals’ identity, that contributes to the greater good, and for which individuals are willing to make sacrifices. Research on the dynamics of career calling has grown exponentially, but clarity on whether and how a career calling changes during key life transitions is still lacking. In this article, we report the results of a two-wave study in which changes in perceiving a calling, living out a calling, and calling motivation were compared across groups of college students ( n = 781), college-to-work transitioners ( n = 143), and workers ( n = 270). The results show that perceiving a calling is stable for students, decreases during college-to-work transitions, and slightly increases for workers; living out a calling is stable for students, decreases during college-to-work transitions, and slightly decreases for workers; motivation to pursue a calling is stable in all groups and higher for students entering the job market. Workers have lower levels of perceiving and living out a calling than students.
Endovascular Thrombus Removal for Treating Post-Partum Iliofemoral Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Single-Centre Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zheng Xuexun , Xue Ming , Zhou Yadong , Guan Yunbiao
Published: September 2023

Objective

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous thrombectomy for treating postpartum iliofemoral vein thrombosis.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with continuous postpartum acute symptomatic iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis who were treated in our center, including all patients who underwent pharmacomechanical thrombolysis (PMT) or only catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) (study group), and patients that received simple anticoagulation treatment (control group). We evaluated the incidence of lower extremity postthrombotic syndrome, recanalization rate of lower extremity veins, and complications in the study and control groups.

Results

Overall, 72 postpartum women were included in this study, including the PMT combined with CDT group (14 cases, 15 limbs), CDT alone group (26 cases, 27 limbs), and anticoagulant therapy alone group (32 cases, 34 limbs). The thrombectomy group completed the treatment with a technical success rate of 100%, and no serious bleeding complications occurred. The patency rate of lower limb veins in the thrombectomy group was 85.09 ± 16.51% after treatment and 82.60 ± 21.45% after 1 year. At the 1-year follow-up, the Villalta score in the study group was lower (1.90 ± 2.45 vs 8.50 ± 5.33, P < .001), and the incidence of postthrombotic syndrome was significantly different between the groups (17.50% in the study group vs 68.75% in the anticoagulant group, P < .001).

Conclusions

Lower extremity venous thrombectomy is a safe and effective treatment for postpartum iliofemoral venous thrombosis. It can improve the patency rate of lower extremity veins and reduce the incidence of postthrombotic syndrome compared with anticoagulation alone.
Screening for ADHD in Adult Patients With Epilepsy: Prevalence of Symptoms and Challenges to Diagnosis
Authors: Nguyen Trung , Xiao Emily , Clark Allison , Shamim Afroz , Maheshwari Atul
Published: September 2023

Objective:

Given the complex nature of seizure disorders and their treatments, ADHD may be underdiagnosed in this population. We hypothesized that a higher percentage of patients presenting to a seizure clinic would endorse ADHD symptoms compared to rates reported in the general population and that formal screening for ADHD symptoms would identify patients with previously undiagnosed comorbid ADHD.

Methods:

In this study, we surveyed 312 adults in a seizure clinic using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1).

Results:

We found that 90 patients (28.8%) screened positive with the ASRS-v1.1, but only nine of these patients were able to complete neuropsychological testing,. Out of these patients, only one was diagnosed with possible ADHD.

Conclusion:

Through this process, we identified many challenges to making a new ADHD diagnosis in this population, including attention deficits due to other medical or psychiatric diagnoses, a positive urine drug screen, lack of collateral report/information about developmental history, and barriers to neuropsychological evaluation.
A Processed Processor: The Processual Nature of the Self
Authors: Herma Holger , Greve Werner
Published: September 2023

The contribution deals with the question of the constitution and persistence of the “self,” linking psychological and sociological approaches. The central interface of this linkage is derived from the process character of the self. It is argued that transdisciplinary work aiming at this common conceptual core will prove particularly fruitful. After discussing the status of the term “the self” in both science and everyday usage, conceptual arguments and definitions (in contrast to related terms such as ego, individual, person, or subject) are examined. A third step provides a synopsis of established approaches and arguments both from psychological and sociological perspectives, offering points of convergence for a metadisciplinary concept of the self. The proposed process character of the self is discussed with respect to language pragmatics, memory performance, and body boundedness. The final section sums up the lines of argumentation and emphasizes intended inspiration for interdisciplinary discussion.
The Exeter-Trident THA with ceramic-on-ceramic-bearings: 10-year outcomes in 275 total hip arthroplasties
Authors: McHale Stephen K , Whitehouse Sarah L , Howell Jonathan R , Hubble Matthew JW , Timperley A John , Wilson Matthew J
Published: September 2023

Aims:

This study reports on the Exeter-Trident total hip arthroplasty (THA) using an alumina ceramic-on-ceramic bearing with 10-year clinical and radiographic follow-up.

Patients and methods:

Between January 2001 and January 2006, 275 THAs were performed. Mean age at surgery was 52.7 (17–86) years, with 84 patients (33.6%) aged <50 years. The primary outcome was all-cause construct survival at minimum 10 years. Secondary outcomes included functional and noise scores. Radiographs were compared between baseline and latest follow-up and assessed for component loosening, migration and lysis.

Results:

No patient was lost to follow-up. Mean follow-up for surviving patients was 12.5 (9.5–15.6) years. Kaplan-Meier survival for all-cause revision was 94.0% (95% CI, 90.5–97.5) at 14.3 years. 2 patients had a femoral component fracture. All scores improved significantly at latest follow-up. HSS-NQ for 247 hips (90.2%) at mean 9.1 (7.0–14.4) years post implantation showed most hips (93.1%) reported no more than occasional noise. At minimum 5 years, radiolucency around the acetabular component was observed in 2 hips (0.8%), and lysis at the interface in 1 hip (0.4%). On the femoral side, endosteal lysis was observed in 7 hips.

Conclusions:

The Exeter-Trident THA with alumina ceramic-on-ceramic bearings performed well in this population. Patients are at low risk of revision in the first decade. However, there is a small risk of stem fracture as a late complication and some patients experience significant noise.
Development and vulnerability across the lifecourse
Authors: Zittoun Tania , Gillespie Alex , Bernal Marcos Marcos José
Published: September 2023

What is it that develops in adult life? Development through work and family life have been documented and theorised in detail, but much less is known about what is learned beyond these domains, through people’s engagements in hobbies or when out of work (e.g., unemployed, retired). We argue that adult development can be addressed in general terms, beyond domain specificity; drawing on our sociocultural psychology framework, and assuming an open-system perspective, we highlight the two processes of progressive differentiation and psychological distancing in diverse domains of activity. To address development over time, we explore 20 years of people’s lives through the longitudinal analysis of online diaries. A combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis enables us to identify people’s experiences of rupture and transitions, the diversity of their domains of interests, and how these change over time. Based on a case-study, we show that, if the general direction of development does entail progressive differentiation and distanciation, these processes can also be hindered by the cumulation of vulnerabilising events. Finally, we show that some domains, such as the long-standing activity of diary writing, can itself be used as resource for adult development.
Psychotherapy displayed as an ongoing meaning-making dialogue
Authors: del Río María Teresa , Andreucci-Annunziata Paola , Mellado Augusto
Published: September 2023

Individuals psychologically process their experiences while involved in dialogue in daily situations. In psychotherapeutic sessions, we can appreciate the ongoing process of constructing meaning when focusing on a microgenetic level during the exchange of child and therapist. We examine an excerpt from a therapeutic process with a sexually abused child from a socio-genetic perspective, with a focus on the display of semiotic fields, meaning growth and balancing tension and as a mean to deal with the painful consequences. Self-regulatory mechanisms are displayed in dialogical chains, providing insight into processing strategies to cope with a traumatic experience. Ambivalence and tension are essential to elaborate new meanings as well as a therapist willing to accompany the child.
Modelling prices and volatilities in the sharing economy
Authors: Pérez-Rodríguez Jorge V , Hernández Juan M , Andrada-Félix Julián
Published: September 2023

This paper examines whether short-term rental listings in the sharing accommodation market take account of market risk in their pricing. To do so, we estimate time-varying market risks, and forecast price changes using daily supply-price time series. The empirical analysis was conducted using daily data for the Canary Islands sharing accommodation market for the period January 2016 to September 2021. The following main results were obtained. First, individual listings face systematic risks that are lower than the average market listing return, but multi-unit hosts are more sensitive to market index variations than single-unit hosts. Second, there is a time-varying but long-range dependence on market risk, indicating a slow reversion to the mean level of volatility. Price changes also reflect negative long-range dependence or anti-persistence. Third, volatility does not affect price adjustments in the market (no evidence of risk-return trade-off) for types of hosts and lodgings. Fourth, models can be used to perform risk management using value-at-risk approaches, and market risks are greater for houses and single-unit hosts in the GBP market. Finally, prices can be predicted in different horizons using long-range dependence models.
Examination of associations across transformational teacher leadership, motivational orientation, enjoyment, and boredom in physical education students
Authors: Hernández-Martos Jacobo , Morales-Sánchez Verónica , Monteiro Diogo , Franquelo María A , Pérez-López Rocío , Hernández-Mendo Antonio , Reigal Rafael E
Published: September 2023

Previous research has highlighted positive associations between teacher transformational leadership and student enjoyment in school. However, there is a dearth of evidence regarding the mediating effect that motivational orientation has on the relationships between transformational leadership and enjoyment in physical education classes. Given that an affinity for physical education fosters healthy behaviors among adolescents outside of school, this study explores the relationships between teachers’ transformational leadership style and enjoyment experienced by students in physical education, examining the mediating role played by motivational orientation in these relationships. A total sample of 478 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years (mean = 14.55; standard deviation = 1.11) participated. To assess the study variables, the Transformational Teaching Questionnaire, the Task and Ego Orientation in Sports Questionnaire, and the Sport Satisfaction Instrument in Physical Education were used. The findings from the applied structural equation model revealed a significant and positive relationship between teachers’ transformational leadership style and students’ perceived satisfaction, while negative relationships were observed with feelings of boredom. Additionally, positive connections were established between task orientation and enjoyment, along with negative associations with boredom. Indirect effects were also found between a transformational leadership style and both enjoyment and boredom, mediated by the variable task motivational orientation. These results underscore the importance of evaluating both students’ motivational factors and their perceptions of teachers, since they may interact with each other to determine their school satisfaction. Consequently, teachers may need to modify their behavior to improve their interactions with students and increase the chances of adherence to physical activity.
Relations of behavioral inhibition and activation system sensitivities with vaccination outcomes: Investigating the mediating role of vaccine hesitancy in older adults
Authors: Howard Matt C
Published: September 2023

The study of behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral activation system (BAS) sensitivities has produced a multitude of models and frameworks to better understand decision-making and behavior. We extend this research to the study of a vaccination by exploring the relation of BIS and BAS sensitivities with vaccination willingness, receipt, and word-of-mouth. We also assess whether dimensions of vaccine hesitancy mediate these relations, testing whether they are viable explanatory mechanisms. By conducting a multi-wave survey study, our results support that BIS sensitivity does not meaningfully relate to vaccine hesitancy or vaccination outcomes. On the other hand, BAS sensitivity related to detrimental vaccination outcomes, and these effects were mediated by vaccine hesitancy dimensions associated with perceptions that vaccines cause health risks and are not needed for healthy individuals. Based on extant BIS and BAS theory, these results suggest that certain people may see refraining from vaccination as a nonpunishment.
‘Not Just Living in the Moment’: Constructing the ‘Enterprising’ and Future-Oriented Self Through the Consumption of No-and-Low-Alcohol Drinks
Authors: Nicholls Emily
Published: September 2023

In contemporary, neoliberal contexts, individuals are compelled to display competent and ‘enterprising’ selves, to get ahead in ‘hustle culture’ and to prioritise their personal health/wellbeing and futures. Dominant drinking cultures that normalise binge drinking and ‘living in the moment’ sit at odds with such values, yet these tensions can be navigated through ‘responsible’ consumption, whereby consumers can continue to buy into dominant drinking cultures yet show restraint by drinking in moderation and/or participating in periods of abstinence. In recent years, an expanding market of ‘no-and low-alcohol’ (NoLo) drinks also presents increasing opportunities to negotiate new kinds of moderate drinking identities, take breaks from consumption or reconfigure relationships with alcohol entirely. Drawing on data from 15 interviews with regular NoLo drinkers, this article highlights the ways in which NoLo consumption is entangled with notions of the enterprising self in relation to health, choice/responsibility, productivity and the future. Using the consumption of NoLo drinks as a case study, the article contributes more widely to our understandings of how identities are negotiated and displayed through particular (non)consumption practices that take place in the present – but also construct the future self – in the face of neoliberal imperatives to be healthy and productive.
Introduction: Punishment in global peripheries
Authors: Dal Santo Luiz , Sozzo Máximo
Published: September 2023

This introduction establishes the problem that the special issue addresses: punishment in global peripheries. Then, it justifies why analysing it is a timely task to examine such matters in the broader context of the growing debate on southernizing and decolonizing criminology, and more particularly, in punishment and society studies. Finally, the contents of the various articles comprised by this special issue and some of their common elements are briefly described.
“Becumming” oneself as one relates to others: An empirical phenomenological study about sexual identity work in menopause
Authors: de Boer Marjolein
Published: September 2023

This empirical phenomenological study examines women’s sexual identity work in menopause. It shows that women’s self-understandings are at stake and take shape through a negotiation of dis/connectedness from/to others in sexual activities. Four negotiations are distinguished: (1) lessening with the other, (2) self-familiarizing (3) experimenting with others, and (4) giving oneself to the other. Herein, sexual identity work is revealed to be a precarious practice. In making sense of oneself, often through new sexual activities, women balance the tightrope of dis/connecting with others and norms, while facing the possibility that they may lose themselves and others in the process.
“It's nice to just be”: A qualitative study on the meaning-imbued reality of waterpipe smoking among young adults in Sweden
Authors: Pelters Pelle , Galanti Maria Rosaria
Published: September 2023

Background and aims: Waterpipe smoking is regarded as a burgeoning public health problem due to its popularity among young adults. This study aims to understand the meaning-imbued reality of waterpipe smoking for young adults in Sweden. Method: Data from 18 individual interviews with ethnically diverse Swedish young adults were analysed using inductive latent-level qualitative content analysis. Results: The youth's experience of waterpipe smoking shows different dimensions (time, space, fun, community) that construct the practice of waterpipe smoking as a closed bubble characterised by harmlessness, cosiness and freedom to develop an adult self in the waterpipe group. The bubble provides a breathing space and timeout in everyday life, fuelled by an understanding of the hookah as hazard-free and liberating. A variety of control mechanisms are used to defend the bubble's constructed harmlessness, proving responsibility by applying practice-, communication- and Othering-oriented means. Conclusion: The study enhances the understanding of waterpipe smoking by highlighting its community- and self-forming meaning in a combined focus on ritualistic and symbolic qualities. For young adults, waterpipe smoking combines potentially beneficial and detrimental impacts on health. This complex situation requires a dialogical – rather than a traditional – approach to prevention that negotiates the risk landscape faced by young adults.
Uniform and graded bio-inspired gyroid lattice: Effects of post-curing and print orientation on mechanical property
Authors: Chouhan Ganesh , Bala Murali Gunji
Published: September 2023

Additive manufacturing is spreading rapidly because it offers great design freedom in creating intricate lightweight shapes using lattice structures that offer numerous possibilities, including applications in aerospace, automotive, and electronics where mechanical properties are paramount. In this paper, inspired by the wing scale of the C. Rubi butterfly, unique uniform and density-graded gyroid lattice structures were proposed. This research designed the uniform gyroid lattice structure with two design configurations of unit cell sizes (4, 6, and 8) and solidity percentages (20, 30, 40, and 50) and density-graded gyroid with a solidity range of 20–80% in a constant volume of 30*30*30 mm. The designs have been modeled in nTopology software and manufactured using the Vat polymerization additive manufacturing technique with two printing orientations (0° and 25°). Two sets of the samples were printed, and one group was given postcuring treatment at 80°C for 2 hours. Quasi-static compression testing was performed to investigate the improvement in mechanical characteristics due to postcuring treatment and print orientation. The results indicate significant relationships between design parameters and mechanical performance. The density-graded gyroid lattice exhibits four times higher compressive strength than higher solidity uniform gyroid samples (UC-8-solidity-40 and 50%) when subjected to the same or less mass. In addition, debonding of connecting surfaces due to higher postcuring temperature, and better performance of horizontally printed samples have been addressed. Moreover, simulation and experimental deformation patterns for uniform and graded gyroid lattice structures have been displayed.
Sound absorption performance of natural areca plant husk fibers: Experimental and theoretical study
Authors: MB Santosh , GC Mohan Kumar , Pitchaimani Jeyaraj
Published: September 2023

Fibers extracted from plant wastes can be used for sound absorption (SA) applications in vehicles due to its lightweight and porosity. The SA capability of raw areca fibers bundle (RAFB) as a function of the density and thickness of the test specimen is analyzed. Experimental results obtained using the impedance tube approach reveal that an increase in the specimen bulk density and thickness improves the SA capability of RAFB. Similarly, hollow air volume behind the sample enhances the SA in the lower frequency range. Theoretical results predicted using the Johnson–Champoux–Allard model match well with the experimental predictions. The ability of the RAFB to absorb sound is demonstrated to be equivalent to other commercially available natural and artificial fibers by comparing the results available in the literature.
Plastic anisotropy of powder bed fusion maraging steel: An experimental replication study
Authors: O’Driscoll Ciaran J , Kasha Anirudh , Kourousis Kyriakos I
Published: September 2023

The plastic anisotropy of additively manufactured metals can be estimated with the use of the ratio of width to thickness plastic strain, commonly referred to as R-value. Published research has indicated the suitability of the experimentally obtained R-value for the case of maraging steel produced via powder bed fusion (PBF) at different build orientations and subsequently heat treated. The present study replicates this experimental methodology for the same alloy as per published literature, which has been produced with a different PBF equipment (having a different laser power and using a different layer thickness). This replication experimental study has successfully assessed the predictability of the R-value methodology for the PBF maraging steel. In particular, the presence of a comparable level of plastic anisotropy has been discovered in the examined material. Moreover, a previously reported decreasing R-value trend with an increase of the build orientation inclination has also been confirmed.
Effect of first-stage ignition on the onset of knocking in SI engines
Authors: Meier Rafael , Pacheco Augusto Finger , Cancino Leonel R , Oliveira Amir AM
Published: September 2023

Knocking limits the performance and efficiency of highly compressed, downsized spark ignition combustion engines. In this paper, the effect of the first-stage ignition on knock is analyzed using a quasi-dimensional engine model. The standard coherent flame model is used for turbulent combustion, and five available reduced chemical kinetics mechanisms are applied to thermal ignition of the end-gas. Measurements in a modified CFR engine operating with two PRF mixtures are used to test the predictive ability of the models and to identify the conditions that lead to knocking. Although the chemical kinetics models used predict similar autoignition delay curves, they do not result in the same knock predictions. The results show that the chemistry must correctly capture the NTC range to predict the observed onset of knocking. In addition, the chemistry models are used to determine the first- and second-stage ignition delay times and their dependence on engine speed and compression ratio. Results show that the autoignition stages occur at relatively fixed temperatures, independent of engine speed and compression ratio. A sensitivity analysis shows that only one set of reactions in the low-temperature chemistry contributes to first-stage ignition, which in turn determines the onset of knocking. This suggests that fuel additives that inhibit or delay the inflection in the NTC region from low- to high-temperature could prevent knock in SI engines.
The cultural underpinnings of platformization: How social movement organizations helped form the category of the sharing economy
Authors: Bajde Domen , Golf-Papez Maja , Culiberg Barbara
Published: September 2023

This paper explores the cultural dynamics underpinning platformization by unpacking the emergence of the sharing economy—a vital terrain of platformization—as a culturally significant category. Drawing on online archival data, our study reveals the important role of social movement organizations (SMOs) in establishing the sharing economy as a prominent cultural category and infusing it with powerful social meanings. We outline the discursive strategies used by SMOs to articulate this macro-market category, and to frame platform technology as a benevolent enabler of social change. Our study contributes to platformization research by turning attention to how cultural dynamics (i.e., the discursive strategies giving rise to the emergence of sharing economy) shape platformization. In addition, we contribute to market system dynamic research by expanding the focus of investigation from singular industries to the macro economy level, shedding light on new discursive dynamics (e.g., discursive strategies for articulating and technologizing the emergent economy), and by the extending previous work on the role of SMOs and social movements in market shaping.
How conspicuousness becomes productive on social media
Authors: Bainotti Lucia
Published: September 2023

Increasing attention has been paid to social media influencers and their self-branding strategies; yet, a perspective that specifically focuses on such practices in terms of social status has still to be fully developed. This paper analyses how Instagram micro-influencers use self-branding practices as ways to construct and display social status and, secondly, contributes to shed light on the contemporary changes in status gaining and signalling. Moving from Veblen’s theory of conspicuous consumption, I contend that conspicuousness represents the main cultural logic underpinning micro-influencers’ practises, and it's characterised by a productive display of consumption. Departing from Veblen’s theorisation, the display is not an expression of wastefulness, but a productive element in the construction of social status. Employing a methodological approach comprising digital methods and qualitative interviews, the research shows how the logic of conspicuousness unfolds and becomes productive through consumption practices characterised by accumulation, access, and circularity. Furthermore, the results highlight how micro-influencers follow the logic of conspicuousness to construct social status by seeking exclusivity or negotiating belongingness.
Penalty parameter selection and asymmetry corrections to Laplace approximations in Bayesian P-splines models
Authors: Lambert Philippe , Gressani Oswaldo
Published: September 2023

Laplace P-splines (LPS) combine the P-splines smoother and the Laplace approximation in a unifying framework for fast and flexible inference under the Bayesian paradigm. The Gaussian Markov random field prior assumed for penalized parameters and the Bernstein-von Mises theorem typically ensure a razor-sharp accuracy of the Laplace approximation to the posterior distribution of these quantities. This accuracy can be seriously compromised for some unpenalized parameters, especially when the information synthesized by the prior and the likelihood is sparse. Therefore, we propose a refined version of the LPS methodology by splitting the parameter space in two subsets. The first set involves parameters for which the joint posterior distribution is approached from a non-Gaussian perspective with an approximation scheme tailored to capture asymmetric patterns, while the posterior distribution for the penalized parameters in the complementary set undergoes the LPS treatment with Laplace approximations. As such, the dichotomization of the parameter space provides the necessary structure for a separate treatment of model parameters, yielding improved estimation accuracy as compared to a setting where posterior quantities are uniformly handled with Laplace. In addition, the proposed enriched version of LPS remains entirely sampling-free, so that it operates at a computing speed that is far from reach to any existing Markov chain Monte Carlo approach. The methodology is illustrated on the additive proportional odds model with an application on ordinal survey data.
“I guess you can interpret it in a number of ways like kind of a milder or the mildest form of dementia?”: Multi-stakeholder perceptions of cognitive impairment
Authors: Yemm H , Peel E , Brooker D
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has a high prevalence and is a risk factor for dementia. Furthering understanding of MCI has been identified as a public health priority. This research aimed to explore views about the causes of cognitive impairment and identify associations between cognitive impairment, dementia, and normative ageing.

Method

Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 22 participants with different stakeholder perspectives on the area of MCI in England, and analysed thematically.

Results

Our analysis focuses on two main themes: 1) causes of cognitive impairment, and 2) ageing, dementia, and dying. Most participants viewed cognitive impairment as a transitional state between normative ageing and dementia. Participants expressed their fear of cognitive impairment and dementia, and made clear links between cognitive impairment and dying. Participants also showed an awareness of the links between lifestyle factors and cognitive health. However, linkage between lifestyle and cognition was discussed only when explicitly asked, suggesting that this was not especially salient for participants when considering the causes and risk factors for cognitive impairment.

Conclusion

The results of this study highlight key areas for future public health initiatives, such as a focus on the multitude of benefits offered by adopting a healthy diet and physical exercise in reducing risk of cognitive impairment.
Expropriation as a measure of corporate reform: Learning from the Berlin initiative
Authors: Stehr Philipp
Published: September 2023

A citizens’ movement in Berlin advocates for the expropriation of housing corporations and has won a significant majority in a popular referendum in September 2021. Building on this proposal, this paper develops a general account of expropriation as a measure for corporate reform and thereby contributes to the ongoing debate on the democratic accountability of business corporations. It argues that expropriation is a valuable tool for intervention in a dire situation in some economic sector to enable a re-structuring of the governance of the assets in question. Compared with other tools available, expropriation is a more forward-looking, genuinely political measure that does not depend on the legal assignment of guilt but rather proceeds in a pragmatic and problem-oriented manner. It also allows us to reconsider in how far the market mechanism should be employed in the administration of assets. Objections from private property rights against expropriation fail as corporations generally are privileged, quasi-public institutions that can justifiably be subject to democratic interventions. Expropriation is thus an important addition to the arsenal of corporate reform proposals, especially for those concerned with a broad democratization of the corporation.