bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the Veil: A Comprehensive Analysis of Data Contamination in Leading Language Models
Authors: Ponnuru Mahesh Datta Sai , Amasala Likhitha , Garikipati Guna Chaitanya
Published: February 2024

In the ever-evolving landscape of large language models (LLMs), the crux of the matter lies in the training dynamics of models like GPT-3, GPT-4, Llama, Palm, and Bard, where they are immersed in datasets that intricately involve benchmark datasets. This training nuance poses a significant challenge during evaluation, as these LLMs often showcase inflated accuracy levels, a direct consequence of their profound familiarity with benchmark data. This research, thus, ventures into the heart of the matter – the critical issue of data contamination within these influential LLMs. The central quest is to discern whether the demonstrated proficiency of these models genuinely reflects a nuanced understanding of language or if it stems from an overreliance on benchmark datasets during their formative training phase. The primary aim is a meticulous investigation, seeking to unfurl the layers and determine the extent of data contamination in these models. To achieve this, our methodology unfolds in three distinct acts: direct questioning of instances within the training dataset, quiz-like inquiries that probe comprehension beyond rote memorization, and the presentation of partial information for predictive completion. Through these methodical explorations, this study aspires to illuminate the complex terrain of potential contamination in popular LLMs, contributing to a deeper comprehension of their capabilities and limitations within the intricate domain of natural language processing.
Establishing Evidence Criteria for Implementation Strategies: A Delphi Study for HIV Services
Authors: Mckay Virginia , zamantakis alithia , Pachicano Ana Michaela , Merle James , Purrier Morgan , Swan McKenzie , Li Dennis , Mustanski Brian , Smith Justin D , Hirschhorn Lisa , Benbow Nanette
Published: February 2024

Background. There are no criteria specifically for evaluating the quality of implementation research and recommend implementation strategies likely to have impact to practitioners. We describe the development and application of the Best Practices Rubric, a set of criteria to evaluate the evidence supporting implementation strategies, in the context of HIV. Methods. We developed the Best Practices Rubric from 2022–2023 in three phases. (1) We purposively selected and recruited by email participants representing a mix of expertise in HIV service delivery, quality improvement, and implementation science. We developed a draft rubric and criteria based on a literature review and key informant interviews. (2) The rubric was then informed and revised through two e-Delphi rounds using a survey delivered online through Qualtrics. The first and second round Delphi surveys consisted of 71 and 52 open and close-ended questions, respectively, asking participants to evaluate, confirm, and make suggestions on different aspects of the rubric. After each survey round, data were analyzed and synthesized as appropriate, and the rubric and criteria were revised. (3) We then applied the rubric to a set of research studies assessing 18 implementation strategies designed to promote the adoption and uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis, an HIV prevention medication, to assess reliable application of the rubric and criteria. Results. Our initial literature review yielded existing rubrics and criteria for evaluating intervention-level evidence. For a strategy-level rubric, additions emerged from interviews, for example, a need to consider the context and specification of strategies. Revisions were made after both Delphi rounds resulting in the confirmation of five evaluation domains – research design, implementation outcomes, limitations and rigor, strategy specification, and equity – and four evidence levels – best practice, promising practice, more evidence needed, and harmful practices. For most domains, criteria were specified at each evidence level. After an initial pilot round to develop an application process and provide training, we achieved 98% reliability when applying the criteria to 18 implementation strategies. Conclusions. We developed a rubric to evaluate the evidence supporting implementation strategies for HIV services. Although the rubric is specific to HIV, this tool is adaptable for evaluating strategies in other health areas.
A novel method for construction of baculovirus bacmids
Authors: Su Wujie , Gu Haoyi , Zhang Xiaoxia , Wang Wenbing , Li Fanchi , Li Bing
Published: February 2024

Baculovirus bacmids have been widely used in over-expression and gene deletion. Traditionally, baculovirus bacmids are developed by inserting an 8.6 kbp bacterial DNA cassette into baculovirus genomes either through homologous recombination in cultured cells or via in vitro cloning. In this study, by introducing Bsu36i-attached egfp to the 8.6 kbp bacterial DNA cassette, we develop a novel method for generating baculovirus bacmids. An 11.6 kbp bacterial DNA cassette containing the introduced egfp was used to generate an intermediate bacmid. With the EGFP reporter, purification was performed in cultured cells, increasing the proportions of recombinants. The intermediate bacmid containing the 11.6 kbp bacterial DNA cassette was obtained by transforming DH10B competent cells with viral DNA after 3 rounds of purification. The intermediate bacmid DNA was linearized by digestion with Bsu36i and then was co-transfected with the PCR-amplified 8.6 kbp bacterial cassette into BmN cells, where homologous recombination occurred between them. The final BmNPV bacmid was obtained by transforming DH10B competent cells with viral DNA. Capable of increasing the proportions of recombinants via purification and linearization, this method has great potential to be used for bacmid generation for baculoviruses, especially those that are not capable of producing high titers of viruses.
Extracellular production, purification and tag-removal of the N-terminally annexin- and ELP-tagged fluorescent proteins
Authors: Chen Xiaofeng , Li Jinjing , Ji Yiting , Zhang Shuncheng , Xie Yuying , Ge Yuanyuan , Wu Baokang , Fan Jun
Published: February 2024

Background Rapid and cost-effective purification of the target protein for extracellular production in Escherichia coli is still challenge. Previously, we identified that human annexin A1 as a N-terminal fusion tag for Ca2+-dependent phase transition to simply, rapidly and cost-effectively purify three fluorescent proteins including emerald green fluorescent protein (EmGFP), red fluorescent protein mCherry, and flavin-binding cyan-green fluorescent protein.Results When the phage lytic protein was induced later, the annexin A1 tagged EmGFP was leaked into the culture, but purification efficiency was relatively low. Pre-overexpression of Bacillus cereus phospholipase C facilitated intracellular production of the fusion protein, and purified fusion protein showed the purity higher than other two fluorescent protein fusions. Using the co-expression system, the elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) tagged three fluorescent proteins via extracellular production were also purified in revisable protein precipitation. The yield of the purified annexin A1 tagged protein was comparable to that of the purified ELP tagged one. The silica-binding peptide tagged annexin A1-EmGFP bound to silica particles, and the ELP tagged mCherry strongly bound to phenyl sepharose was efficient for column-dependent purification. The extracellular nine tobacco etch virus protease variants with the annexin A1 tag were purified and the cleavage activity was assayed. Using the purified protease variant with the highest activity, the purification tag was removed in solution, or by on-resin cleavage of the immobilized annexin A1 or ELP tagged EmGFP. The soluble annexin A1-EmGFP with the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase signal peptide was poorly produced in Bacillus subtilis, and the fusion protein with the α-factor signal peptide was located in intracellular Pichia pastoris.Conclusions The annexin A1 or ELP fusions in the culture were purified by revise transition cycles. On-resin cleavage facilitated removal of the reagents for protein purification, and fusion tag. However, the annexin A1-EmGFP fused the correspondent signal peptides displayed poor secretion efficiency in B. subtilis and P. pastoris. The platform will be used for simply and cost-effectively purifying the target proteins with industrial and clinical values without cell disruption process, and rapidly testifying the activity of the engineered enzyme variants.
A Comprehensive Investigation of Reflector-Enhanced Patch Antenna Directivity
Authors: Ali Syed Zeeshan , Ahsan kamran , Khairi Danish Ul
Published: February 2024

This research presents an investigation into the optimization of patch antenna directivity through innovative reflector designs. The primary focus lies on tailoring the reflector configurations to achieve improved directivity in patch antenna systems. Electromagnetic simulations are conducted to evaluate the impact of different reflector geometries on the antenna's performance. A comprehensive analysis of the simulation results reveals that the judicious integration of tailored reflectors significantly enhances the patch antenna's directivity. Specific reflector geometries demonstrate promising outcomes in increasing the antenna's radiation pattern concentration and energy directionality. Moreover, this research highlights the importance of reflector design as a key factor in achieving high directivity, which plays a vital role in wireless communication applications. The proposed reflector-based approach opens up new possibilities for designing high-performance patch antenna systems tailored to specific communication requirements. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the optimization of reflector configurations for enhanced patch antenna directivity, contributing to the advancement of wireless communication technologies.
A nation at (ongoing) war: The effect of societal and intrapersonal coping on symptoms of continuous traumatic stress.
Authors: Harwood-Gross Anna , Stern Nadav , Lambez Bar , Aloni Roy
Published: February 2024

The exposure to ongoing war can be termed as Continuous Traumatic Stress (CTS), the exposure to repeated and ongoing stressful events in daily life, that lead to a broad spectrum of emotional and behavioral reactions (CTSR). This study analyzed the impact of individual coping and societal variables on CTSR. During weeks 4 to 6 of the Iron Swords war, 519 participants from across Israel completed online questionnaires, including socio-demographic information, level of exposure, CTSR, coping flexibility, system justification, and social support. A confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated good to excellent model fit indices for the CTSR measure. Exposure was not found to predict CTSR though those with high levels of media exposure (over 6 hours a day) were found to have greater CTSR compared to low levels of media exposure. Forward focused coping (as opposed to trauma focused or flexible coping) was found to significantly predict CTSR levels, as was system justification. An interaction was found between forward focused coping and system justification such that high forward focused coping combined with high system justification was found to predict the lowest CTSR levels. This study highlights the protective role of individual coping, specifically forward-focused coping, and the ability to see national structures as just and fair, in times of ongoing and continuous stress. A deeper understanding of the importance of personal factors apart from environmental effects can inform the development of targeted assistance programs for a large population during times of war and prolonged conflicts.
Practical Study of Specialized Alliance Nurses' Clinical Nursing Competency Enhancement Course Based on 5G Remote Realistic Teaching： study protocol for a clinical trial
Authors: Zhudan Yin , Huayu Chen , Ruhua Zhou , Zirong Tong , Yongping You , Bin Xu
Published: February 2024

Background
5G remote realistic teaching technology can break through geographical, time and space restrictions. It makes online conference communication mode possible, and has great room for development in the field of nursing, which can greatly improve the quality of nursing training. Knowledge sharing can be realized through 5G platform, and homogenized management of neurosurgical nursing in primary units is expected to be formed.The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of specialized alliance nurses' clinical nursing competency enhancement course based on 5G remote realistic teaching.
Methods
In this pre-post comparative trial,a total of seven nursing alliance units will participate in the two-year nursing training course based on 5G remote realistic teaching.The primary outcomes will evaluate the theoretical performance and clinical competence of the nurses before and after the training.Secondary outcomes include the incidence changes of nursing quality control indicators and teaching satisfaction.
Discussion
This study is expected to investigate the effectiveness of the clinical nursing ability improvement courses based on 5G remote realistic teaching in specialist alliances, in order to improve the practical ability and management level of neurosurgery nursing in primary units.
Effects of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy on Body Fat: A Retrospective Case- Control Study in Chinese Transwomen
Authors: Pei Qin , Huang Zhongwei , Yu Hongkun , Xu Hao , Song Yuwei , Ye Xunda , Tian Xiao ying , Gong Jian , Gao Lvfen
Published: February 2024

Background
There is limited data on the effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on body fat changes in Chinese transwomen. It's unclear whether hormone therapy affects obesity and blood lipid levels in this population.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy and treatment duration on the re-accumulation and distribution of body fat in Chinese transwomen.
Methods
The study included 40 transwomen who had not received gender-affirming hormone therapy and 59 who had. Body fat distribution and blood lipid levels were measured. The study also stratified participants based on the duration of gender-affirming hormone therapy to assess its impact on body fat distribution.
Results
After receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy, total body fat increased by 19.65% (P = 0.02) and the percentage of body fat increased by 17.63% (P = 0.004). The arm and leg regions showed the most significant increases in fat content (+ 24.02%, P = 0.005 and + 41.47%, P<0.001, respectively) and percentage (+ 25.19%, P<0.001 and + 30.39%, P<0.001, respectively). Total visceral fat content decreased (-37.49%, P = 0.008). There was no significant change in the risk of obesity according to the diagnostic criteria for body mass index ≥ 28 or body fat percentage ≥ 25% or 35%. TC levels (-10.45%, P = 0.011) decreased significantly. Fat distribution and changes in those who received gender-affirming hormone therapy for 1–2 years were significantly different from those who did not receive gender-affirming hormone therapy.
Conclusion
After receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy, the total body fat, and regional fat increased in Chinese transwomen, and body fat distribution changed from masculine to feminine, especially during the first two years. However, visceral fat content declined, and the increase in total body fat percentage did not lead to significant changes in the incidence of obesity, nor did triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.
Evaluation and Prognosis of cerebral iron deposition in Parkinson’s disease with different subtypes of Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping
Authors: JIA 文晓 , 邵 华 , 里 徐琪 , 叮 双 , 张 晶 , 江 夏威夷花环 , 唐朝 必应 , yakufu subinuer
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between brain iron deposition in different regions of the brain and the clinical classification of Parkinson's disease using quantitative sensitivity mapping technology, and to explore the possibility of predicting the clinical classification of Parkinson's disease. Quantitative susceptibility mapping was performed in 30 patients with Parkinson's disease (20 patients with tremor dominance and 10 patients with rigidity dominance) and 20 healthy controls. The susceptibility values of each region of interest in the brain were measured and averaged. Independent sample t test was used to compare the differences of susceptibility values of different subtypes of Parkinson's disease, and the diagnostic efficacy of significant regions of interest was analyzed, and a multi-factor clinical prediction model of Parkinson's disease was constructed. The results showed that the left dense substantia nigra, putamen, caudate nucleus and frontal cortex of the diseased group had significant statistical significance (P < 0.05); Compared with the rigidity dominant group, the tremor dominant group had significant statistical significance in the bilateral substantia nigra pars compacta, the left substantia nigra pars reticulata, the left dorsal globus pallidus, the left globus pallidus internus, and the bilateral globus pallidus (P < 0.05), and the left substantia nigra, the left globus pallidus internus, and the efficacy of the tremor dominant group was better (AUC=0.745). The left substantia nigra pars compacta had the greatest impact on the prediction of Parkinson's disease. Our results indicate that quantitative sensitivity mapping can accurately measure the characteristics of iron deposition in different brain regions of interest in Parkinson's disease patients, and can be used for early clinical diagnosis and differentiation of different subtypes of Parkinson's disease.
Exploring Sexual Health and HIV-Related Challenges in an Individual with Intellectual Disability: A Case Report
Authors: Würfel Lina M. , Potthoff Anja , Nambiar Sandeep , Skaletz-Rorowski Adriane
Published: February 2024

Background: HIV testing remains an important tool in identifying people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). An early diagnosis of HIV can lead to a prolonged life expectancy if treatment is initiated promptly. Indicator illnesses can be the first sign of an HIV infection and should therefore be recognised and consequently a HIV test should be carried out. Testing should occur in all individuals as sexuality can be experienced by everyone, and stigma can lead to the exclusion of vulnerable groups, leading to a gap in diagnosis and treatment.
Case presentation: A 63-year-old man, who identifies as bisexual and has had an intellectual disability since birth, presented at our health care centre for HIV testing. A decade ago, the patient was diagnosed with Stage III Diffuse Large B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, an AIDS defining cancer. The patient presented at a Haematology and Oncology department 3 months prior, due to a weight loss of 10 kg over the past 5 months. Oral thrush, an HIV-indicator condition, had been diagnosed by the otolaryngologists shortly before. During this medical evaluation, pancytopenia was identified. Despite the presence of indicator illnesses, the patient was never tested for HIV in the past. Staff members from the care facility for intellectually disabled suggested conducting a HIV test in our clinic through the public health department, where HIV positivity was revealed. The AIDS-defining diagnosis, along with a CD4+ cell count of 41/µl, suggests a prolonged period of HIV positivity.
Conclusion: Due to the presence of existing indicator illnesses, an earlier HIV diagnosis was possible. We contend that the patient was never asked about his sexual life likely due to his mental handicap. Patients presenting with AIDS indicator illnesses, including those with mental disabilities, should be given the opportunity to be tested for HIV. HIV/AIDS trainings should be made available to health care professionals as well as to personnel interacting with vulnerable groups.
Involvement of Adenozine A2a Receptors in Anxiety-like Behaviors in Tetrahydrocannabinol Treated Mice
Authors: ÜN Burçin , AKARSAKARYA Zeki , ÖZÜ Özlem YORULMAZ , ILGAZ Nermin Seda , YILMAZ Mehmet Bertan , SEÇİLMİŞ Mehmet Ata
Published: February 2024

Previous studies have suggested that adenosinergic system in the central nervous system (CNS), may play a role in both behavioral changes and the physiopathology of addiction induced by THC, and this is thought to be mediated by adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR). However, contribution of adenosinergic system isn’t well understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible role of the adenosinergic system in THC-treated mice. For that purpose, THC (10 mg kg− 1), Adenosine A2AR agonist CGS-21680 (2.5 mg kg− 1), Adenosine A2AR antagonist Istradefylline (3 mg kg− 1), THC + Istradefylline, and THC + CGS-21680 were all given to male Swiss albino mice, once daily for five days. The same methods were used to administer the drug solvents to the sham groups. Anxiety-like behaviors were examined through the open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests in all groups. The expression levels of cannabinoid CB1R and adenosine A2AR genes in hippocampal tissues were assessed using real-time PCR (qPCR). THC treatment decreased the frequency of center crossings and rearing behavior in the OF test. In the EPM test, there was a notable decrease in the time spent in the open arm, alongside an increase in the time spent in the closed arm. Similar effects were obtained by the administration of CGS-21680 or THC + CGS-21680. Conversely istradefylline significantly prevented THC-induced anxiety-like behaviors. Also, THC caused a significant increase in the expression of adenosine A2AR genes in hippocampal tissues, while resulting in a partial decrease in CB1R expression. These results suggest that adenosine A2AR has a potential role in anxiety-like behaviors in THC-treated mice.
Hybridization of Support Vector Regression and Arima Models with Genetic Algorithms for Predicting Crude Oil Price
Authors: Bello Yusuf Olatunji , Olubusoye Olusanya Elisa
Published: February 2024

Crude oil plays a pivotal role in global economics, serving as a crucial raw material for manufacturing and a primary ingredient in transportation gasoline. Accurate forecasting of crude oil prices is essential for various sectors. Conventional statistical and econometric models often struggle with the non-linear and inconsistent nature of crude oil price data, leading to poor prediction performance. In this study, we propose a novel hybrid approach combining Support Vector Regression (SVR), a nonlinear machine learning model, with Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), a linear econometric model. Genetic Algorithms (GA) was employed to optimize the parameters of both models. Our hybrid models, namely SVRGA_ARIMA and SVRGA_ARIMAGA, outperform individual models such as ARIMA and SVR, as well as the hybrid model SVR_ARIMA, in terms of forecasting accuracy. The proposed hybrid models achieve a significantly lower root mean square error compared to other models. Overall, our findings suggest that the hybrid SVRGA_ARIMA and SVRGA_ARIMAGA models, optimized with GA, offer a reliable framework for forecasting weekly crude oil prices.
Blood Vessels Segmentation of Coronary X-Rays Angiography Images Including Edge based Features and Artificial Intelligence Approaches
Authors: OSAMA MOHD , Kumar Rajesh , SHAHID MOHAMMAD
Published: February 2024

In present Era, the cardiovascular disease is the most common disease in human. According to the World Health organization reports 2022, there are 70% of Human death from the Heart attack. Most of the Indian peoples suffering from heart disease having the age group of 30–60 years. Xray Coronary angiography imaging is a primary procedure for diagnosis of heart disease. Manual Segmentation of heart vessels by cardiologists are typical and time-consuming process. Manual segmentation facing the problem of variations in results due to experience and expertise of the medical professionals. Segmentation of coronary vessels angiography provides important information for the expert and patient suffering from cardiovascular disease. Therefore, different types of computer-aided Tools have been designed and developed for automatic segmentation of coronary vessels angiography images. An automatic segmentation of coronary arteries can be improved by computer vision and artificial intelligence approaches. In this paper an automatic segmentation of coronary angiography images has been designed and implemented using edge-based feature and artificial intelligence approaches. For this purpose, dominating and prominent edges of cardiovascular arteries system has been detected using traditional edge detection algorithms like Sobel, Prewitt, Robert’s and Canny. The strong edges from the above-mentioned algorithms are selected using Artificial Intelligence (Random Forest) algorithm. Experimental results shows that proposed model provides accuracy, Positive Prediction Value, Sensitivity and Dice Coefficient as 99%, 96%, 94% and 95% respectively.
Poroelastic Effects of Chemical Loading in Consolidation of Residual Soils
Authors: Irheren Dada , Onyia Michael Ebie , Okafor Fidelis Onyebuchi
Published: February 2024

An analytical chemo-hydromechanical model of residual soils was presented in this study. The modeling procedure utilized a unique phenomenological approach, which highlighted some of the macro-mechanical influences responsible for the behavior of residual soils. The macromechanical analysis yielded an extended poroelastic theory. The developed model was applied in solving a typical civil engineering problem of soil consolidation. For a chemical loading treatment, the problem was using requisite boundary conditions. Thereafter, the mathematical software “Mathematica” was used for solving the ensuing diffusion equations using physico-chemical properties typical of a residual soil sample. Even though the chemical loading was instantaneous, it took some time before its effect could be felt everywhere according to the poroelastic theory. From obtained results, the evolution of the generated pore pressure showed increasing segments of the soil returning to their initial state after the passage of the pore pressure front. The vertical displacement showed a slight increase or elevation of the soil surface. The flux of water flow in the soil was initially positive before turning negative, which can be explained by initial successful penetration of the infiltrating liquid until it met increasingly tortuous paths as result of lower permeability. The water volume (per unit area) leaving the soil after chemical loading demonstrated that a portion of the water flux associated with the infiltrating liquid ends up leaving the soil through the sides.
Construction of eukaryotic expression vector of Apoptin-etag and TAT-Apoptin-etag and their effects on human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in vitro
Authors: Zhu Jin-xiang , Zhang Ming-xin , Zhou Su-na , jia Zhang , Wang Jian-sheng
Published: February 2024

Esophageal carcinoma is one of the six most common carcinomas in the world, known for its late clinical presentation, rapid progression and poor survival. Compared with developed countries, the prevalence of esophageal cancer has significant differences in pathology, with significantly higher mortality and regional incidence. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common type in China and in recent years, the incidence has shown an upward trend in the county. Considering the characteristics of esophageal cancer in China, seeking new treatments for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is of great concern to clinicians. Apoptin, which is derived from chicken anemia, and has tumor-specific killing effects, is composed of 121 amino acids. Although the mechanism is not yet explained, it has been extensively studied and used in the treatment of malignant tumors. Here, we selected two human squamous cell carcinoma lines and constructed eukaryotic expression vectors of apoptin and TAT-apoptin fusion protein to investigate their effect on cell proliferation and cell cycle in transfection cells.
Enhancing Depression Predictive Models: a Comparative Study of Hybrid Ai, Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Kanchapogu Naga Raju` , Mohanty Sachi Nandan
Published: February 2024

In the quest to enhance predictive models for depression, this study introduces a novel comparative analysis of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques, further innovating with the development of hybrid AI models. Leveraging a dataset comprising 2,000 participants, enriched with demographic, socio-economic, behavioral, and clinical variables, including pre- and post-treatment Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores, we embarked on a comprehensive exploration of factors influencing depression outcomes. Through meticulous data collection, we harmonized diverse variables ranging from basic demographic details to intricate clinical outcomes, paired with a rigorous feature selection process employing Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Our analytical journey was underpinned by a robust hyper parameter tuning phase, ensuring the optimization of each model's predictive capacity. The study's core contribution lies in its exhaustive comparison of standalone ML and DL models against our crafted hybrid AI models, revealing a marked superiority of the latter in predicting depression with unparalleled accuracy. The hybrid models, through their synergetic integration of ML and DL methodologies, demonstrated a profound ability to navigate the complexity of depression's multifactorial nature, achieving a perfect prediction accuracy rate in our tests. Our findings advocate for a paradigm shift in predictive analytics for depression, underscoring the potential of hybrid AI models in transcending the limitations of traditional standalone approaches. This research not only paves the way for more nuanced and effective predictive tools in mental health care but also sets a benchmark for future studies at the intersection of biology, psychology, and artificial intelligence. The implications of this work are vast, offering a beacon of hope for personalized and preemptive mental health interventions.
Flexible electrochemical paper-based device for detection of breast cancer- derived exosome using nickel nanofoam 3D nanocomposite
Authors: Sahraei Nafiseh , Mazloum-Ardakani Mohammad , Moradi Alireza , Hoseynidokht Farzaneh
Published: February 2024

Exosomes as new biomarkers for cancer diagnosis have attracted attention because they are highly released by tumor cells in various biological fluids. In this study, an electrochemical paper-based immunosensor device (Exo-sensing paper) is introduced for the detection of exosome in the serum. The Exo-sensing paper is a three electrode system that is prepared using pattern paper and carbon and silver inks. The sensor part of this immunosensor contains a three-dimensional porous nanocomposite of nickel nanofoam coupled with graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles. The high specific surface area of this nanocomposite increases the antibody loading on the sensor surface significantly and consequently leads to obtaining a wide linear range of 500–1 × 10 7 Exospore/µL with a detection limit of 110 Exosome/µL. Due to some advantages of this constructed Exo-sensing paper such as easy storage, simple application, low cost and good selectivity in the real samples, this system has a good potential to be used as a point of care testing for in situ detection of the exosomes and is a promising strategy for minimally invasive liquid biopsy.
TongueTransUNet: Toward Effective Tongue Contour Segmentation Using Small Dataset
Authors: Al-hammuri Khalid , Gebali Fayez , Kanan Awos
Published: February 2024

Medical image segmentation is important for extracting desired objects among complex human structures to enable further analysis. In the case of lingual ultrasound, it is important to extract tongue contour to understand the language behaviour, which enables lingual ultrasound to act as a biofeedback. In order to segment tongue from ultrasound images, we need to train the deep-learning model on a large dataset, which made it challenging to generalize it using a wide variety of images as it is difficult to collect this huge data. In this research, we are proposing a strategy and generalized model that can work effectively using a well-managed small dataset. This article presents a hybrid architecture using UNet, Vision Transformer (ViT) and Contrastive loss to build a foundation model cumulatively. The process starts with building a reference representation in the embedding space using human experts to validate any new input for training data. UNet and ViT encoders are used to extract the input feature representations. The contrastive loss was then used to compare the new feature embedding with the reference in the embedding space. The UNet-based decoder is used to reconstruct the image to its original size. Before releasing the final results, a quality control process is used to assess the value of the segmented contour, and if rejected, the algorithm requests an action from a human expert to annotate it manually. The results show an improved accuracy over the traditional techniques and can be generalized as it contains only high-quality and relevant features related to the tongue in the embedding space.
q− Fibonacci Statistical Convergence
Authors: Atabey Koray
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we use the $q-$Fibonacci band matrix $\widehat{F}_{q}=\left(\widehat{F}_{nk}(q)\right)$ to introduce the notions of $q-$Fibonacci summability, $q-$Fibonacci statistical convergence, strongly $\widehat{F}_{q}[p]-$Ces\'{a}ro summability and give some inclusion relations about these concepts.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). 40G15. 40C05. 46A35. 42B08.
Early Postoperative Complications in Colorectal Cancer Patients Following Colorectal Surgery: A Prospective Study
Authors: Al-Amry Ali Lotf , Obadiel Yasser Abdurabo , Al-Shehari Mohammed Mohammed , Gailan Waleed Mohammed , Bajubair Mohammed Hadi , Jowah Haitham Mohammed
Published: February 2024

Purpose: This prospective study aimed to investigate the early outcomes of colorectal surgery in patients with colorectal cancer and determine their relationships with specific risk factors and comorbidities.
Patients and Methods: This study was conducted at AL-Thawra Modern General Hospital and AL-Kuwait University Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen, from January 2021 to December 2022. All consecutive patients who underwent surgical intervention for colorectal cancer were included. Data on patient demographics, comorbidities, tumor characteristics, surgical procedures, and postoperative outcomes were collected. Statistical methods were used to analyze the risk factors associated with operative complications.
Results: A total of 73 patients, with a mean age of 52.5 years (SD = 14.3), were included in the study. Among the patients, 44 (60.3%) were male, and 29 (39.7%) were female. The most frequent complication observed was surgical site infection, which occurred in 13 (17.8%) patients, primarily as superficial infections in 11 (15.1%) patients. Other local complications included wound dehiscence (4.1%), anastomotic leakage (2.7%), paralytic ileus (4.1%), and abdominal sepsis (2.7%). Additionally, systemic complications, including pneumonia (4.1%), deep vein thrombosis (4.1%), acute myocardial infarction (2.7%), and urinary tract infection (1.4%), were observed in 9 patients. Significant associations were found between the development of early postoperative complications and various factors. Patients aged 65 years and above had a greater rate of complications than did those aged younger than 65 years (55% vs. 22.6%, p value = 0.008). Furthermore, the presence of diabetes mellitus and low serum ALB levels (<35 g/L) were associated with increased complication rates (60% vs. 24.1%, p value = 0.01 and 42.9% vs. 8.3%, p value = 0.02, respectively).
Conclusion: Our study demonstrated favorable outcomes with no mortality and a comparable complication rate to other studies, despite the smaller sample size. The significant associations between postoperative complications, advanced age, diabetes mellitus, and low serum ALB levels highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to enhancing overall patient outcomes.
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Types and Application Rates on Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency and Yield of Dryland Maize
Authors: li wu ri ji musi
Published: February 2024

Dry farming areas are pivotal to agricultural production in China, and agronomic measures, such as tillage and fertilization, markedly influence crop yields. Ditch rain-harvesting planting, an effective water conservation technique, has proven beneficial for enhancing grain production in these regions. Because of the topographical changes from ridges and ditches, combined with moisture retention by mulching films, rainwater harvesting planting technology significantly influences soil water and heat dynamics, promoting temperature and moisture. In this study, "Xianyu 335" was used as the experimental material. Eight different fertilization regimens were tested: no fertilization (control, CK), nitrogen and phosphorus (NP), phosphorus and potassium (PK), nitrogen and potassium (NK), nitrogen (N: diammonium phosphate 24%, ordinary urea 76%), phosphorus potassium fertilizer (NPK1), nitrogen application (N: slow-release urea 40%, diammonium phosphate 20%, ordinary urea 40%), phosphorus-potassium fertilizer (NPK2), nitrogen application (70%N: slow-release urea), urea release 40%, diammonium phosphate 26%, ordinary urea 34%), phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (NPK3), and nitrogen (85%N: slow-release urea 40%, diammonium phosphate 23%, ordinary urea 37%), phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer (NPK4). These treatments were used to investigate their effects on maize grain yield, agronomic efficiency, and fertilizer utilization rate under full-film-covered ridge and furrow rainwater harvesting. The results from 2015 to 2016 indicated that the distinct fertilization methods significantly affected the physiological metrics and leaf area index of maize throughout the growth period, as well as grain yield and dry matter accumulation. Notably, the NPK3 treatment, which employed slow-release fertilizers, outperformed the other treatments. Its average grain yield stood at 8.66 t·hm-2, demonstrating an increase of 2.15 t·hm-2 (or 28.8%) compared with the control group. Moreover, NPK3 exhibited superior agronomic efficiency and fertilizer utilization. The findings indicate that integrating slow-release fertilizers into ridge and furrow rainwater harvesting systems can enhance maize growth and yield.
Understanding Land Use Dynamics and Environmental Impacts of Urbanization in Thimphu, Bhutan: A Satellite-Based Analysis
Authors: Chhetri Indra Bahadur , Gyeltshen Sangay , Dema Kelzang
Published: February 2024

The ability of land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to examine the land surface change is regarded as important climate variables. However, no significant systematic examination of urbanization concerning environmental variables has been undertaken in the narrow valley of Thimphu, Bhutan, explicitly. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of land use and land cover (LULC) dynamics on LST, NDVI, and elevation, using Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data in Thimphu, Bhutan from 2000 to 2020. The results showed that LSTs varied substantially among different land use types, with the highest in built-up areas and the lowest in forests. There was a strong negative linear correlation between LST and NDVI in built-up areas, indicating the impact of anthropogenic activities. Moreover, elevation had a noticeable effect on both LST and NDVI exhibiting very strong opposite patterns at lower elevation. In summary, LULC dynamics have a significant influence on LST and NDVI, highlighting the importance of understanding the spatiotemporal pattern and its effects on ecological processes for effective land management and environmental conservation. Moreover, the study also demonstrated the applicability of relatively low-cost, moderate spatial resolution satellite imagery in examining the impact of urban development on the urban environment in Thimphu City.
Helping Medical Doctors Diagnose Cervical Cancer Using Decision Making based Deep Learning System
Authors: Alshareef Sedigh Essam
Published: February 2024

Cervical cancer is a leading cancer in the female population. This disease is considered dangerous as its slow and unpredicted growth. The prevention of such cancer can be mostly achieved by screening its transformation zones. The cervical pre-cancerous zones can be considered as three types: type 1, type 2, and type 3. Screening and analyzing these three stages can be crucial for preventing their transformation into cancer. Hence, it is essentially important to have an automated and intelligent system that can grade the cervical pre-cancerous colposcopy images into one of the three types. This can help in providing the right treatment and prevent cancer transformation. In this paper, we develop a residual learning-based model (ResNet-18) to be trained for classifying the type of a colposcopy cervical image into type 1, type 2, and type 3. Experimentally, the model was fine-tuned and evaluated on a public dataset of colposcopy cervical images and achieved promising results in cervical cancer screening of accuracy of 77% and F1-score of 79%.
Modeling of Flexible Thin-Film Modules and Valuation of Solar Radiation Resources in Eastern Province – Saudi Arabia
Authors: Attia Mohana
Published: February 2024

This paper epitomizes the analysis of the solar resource measurements and simulation of curved thin-film modules for photovoltaic applications. The analysis of the solar resource used one-year from January 1, 2018, until December 31, 2018, of data from 7 stations distributed across the eastern province (Saudi Arabia) based on measurements of Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI), Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance (DHI), Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI), and related meteorological parameters. The 7 stations show the results obtained for the annual average daily GHI over the study period show a variation of almost 300 Wh/m2 among station, with mean daily total values in the eastern region 6755 Wh/m2. The results above indicate that photovoltaic would perform well at any location although extreme high temperatures in some locations may degrade the performance of some types of photovoltaic. Annual average daily DNI all above 5500 Wh/m2. The average daily total DHI over the study period among stations is 2840 Wh/m2. The second part of the study uses a two-step model, 1D, and 3D model. The 1D describes the technology and outputs device (current density, temperature, illumination), 3D model uses this data as one of its inputs and describes the size, shape within the curved flexible module.
Protection of People at Sea under International Law: Lesson Learnt from Pushback Action to boat people in Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Puspitawati Dhiana , Susanto Fransiska Ayulistya
Published: February 2024

People at sea, one of which is the Boat People, has become a problem not only for Europeans but also in Southeast Asia with increasing asylum seekers from Rohingya and migrants from Bangladesh. Southeast Asia is already facing the problem of boat people returning from the Vietnam Asylum. However, an old story becomes a new story that never ends in Southeast Asia when the strategist state to Sanctuary did not participate in the 1951 Geneva Convention. As a result, many people faced pushback and died or lost at sea. This research will discuss the extent to which “protection of persons at sea” and the “search and rescue” can cover the protection of boat people under UNCLOS 1982. This study also analyses how UNCLOS 1982 will work to protect boat people when states protect themselves with the "non-party Geneva Convention 1951". Researchers argued that protection for people at sea, and the of search and rescue cover all dangerous situations faced by all people at sea, even if they are asylum seekers or boat people. They must first be protected from danger at sea, brought ashore, and the territorial state can exercise judgment on them. The "non-state party" has become a shield for Indonesia, and Malaysia to reject boat people and even push boat people back from their territory. However, the two countries are part of the UNCLOS 1982 with the obligation to carry out search, rescue, and protect humans at sea. As a result, they must rescue them and bring them ashore first before they are deported or pushed back from their boats. To investigate the relationship between the protected “protection of persons at sea” and the “search and rescue” and boat people, this paper seeks to assess UNCLOS 1982, customary international law and related cases.
A Discovery or a Misery? The Issuance of Anti-Suit Injunction before WTO
Authors: Besar Besar , Zaki Muhammad Reza Syariffudin , Tanjaya Steven , Koos Stefan , Sabilil Maria Nauli Salsabilah
Published: February 2024

On 27 January 2023, the Dispute Settlement Body established a panel as requested by the European Union in document WT/DS611/5, pursuant to Article 6 of the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes. In fact, the European Union has proposed the formation of a panel according to Article 6 of the Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU) to respond to the Action against China's lawsuit against high technology in the European Union. China imposed a preservation measure, Anti-Suit Injunction (ASI), that prohibit patent holder for asserting their rights before non-Chinese courts. Such movement is inconsistent to international principles, namely National Treatment (NT) and Most-Favored-Nation (MFN). As the EU claimed China on the subject of patent use on high technology, this discussion will further dissect the WTO Agreement on the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Specifically, Article 3 on National Treatment and Article 4 on Most-Favored-Nation Treatment. The issuance of ASI itself is not listed under Appendix 1 of the DSU that regulates laws that are applicable and recognized as WTO norms under a WTO panel. The WTO panel has never adjudicated any cases relating to the issuance of ASI. This questions whether a WTO norm will be formed before the WTO panel and whether or not China has violated the principles of the WTO and the TRIPS Agreement.