bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HOW DO PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN PERCEIVE SPECIFIC AND GENERAL EXERCISE?
Authors: Gibbs Dr Mitchell T. , Jones Matthew D , Natoli Mr Andrew , Mouatt Mr Brendan , Walker Ms Emily
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION & AIMS

Exercise prescriptions for chronic low back pain (CLBP) often utilize reductionistic, trunk-focused exercise aimed at addressing proposed pain mechanisms. It is unknown if the use of these trunk focussed exercises imply beliefs to people with CLBP about the rationale for their use (e.g., aetiology), even without concurrent biomedical narratives. This study aimed to explore people’s perceptions of specific and general exercise without an accompanying narrative when experiencing CLBP.

METHODS

An anonymous online survey was distributed. Mixed methods were utilised for analysis. Six-point Likert scales categorised people’s beliefs about individual exercises. Open-ended questions were used to gather further beliefs which were then coded into themes.

RESULTS

109 people with CLBP perceived specific exercise as more beneficial than general exercise. Eight themes and five sub-themes were defined. A high volume of positive beliefs were centred around strengthening the low back and abdominal musculature, emphasising the importance of correct technique. Negative beliefs were held against spinal flexion and external load. Both positive and negative beliefs were underpinned by spinal/pelvic stability being important as well as certain exercises being achievable or not.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrated that people with CLBP consider specific exercises to be more beneficial than general exercises for CLBP. Specific exercises irrespective of an accompanying narrative can imply meaning about the intent of an exercise. Understanding this requires practitioners to be mindful when prescribing and communicating exercise.
FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION COMBINED WITH VOLUNTARY CYCLING ACCENTUATES VO2 RESPONSE IN PEOPLE WITH ADVANCED MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Mate Ms Suzie , Corr Dr Nicholas , Hackett Dr Daniel , Barnett Professor Michael , AM Prof Maria A. Fiatarone Singh , Fornusek Dr Ché
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION & AIMS

Lower limb muscle weakness and reduced balance due to disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) may make robust aerobic exercise difficult. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling combined with voluntary cycling may allow people with advanced MS to enhance the intensity of aerobic exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiorespiratory, power, and participant perceptions during acute bouts of FES cycling, voluntary cycling, and FES cycling combined with voluntary cycling (FES assist cycling).

METHODS

Participants with advanced MS (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] ≥ 6.0) undertook three exercise trials on a leg cycle ergometer. Trial 1: 30 minutes of FES cycling; Trial 2: two 10-minute bouts of voluntary cycling separated by 10 minutes rest; and Trial 3: a combination of trials 1 and 2 (FES assist cycling). Outcome measures included VO2, cycle power output, heart rate, exertion, and post-exercise perceptions of fatigue.

RESULTS

Ten people with advanced MS participated (9 female; age 52.4±9.98 y; EDSS 7.1±0.6). Average VO2 during the 30-minute trials was significantly higher for FES assist cycling compared to voluntary cycling (429.7 ± 111.0 vs 388.5 ± 101.0 mL/min, 95% CI 23.4 to 113.0 mL/min, p=0.01), with a large effect size (Hedges’ g=1.04). Participants reported similar perceptions of exertion at the end of each trial (p=0.14). There was no difference in self-reported fatigue at the end of each trial (p=0.21).

CONCLUSION

This study found FES assist cycling produced significantly higher VO2 values than voluntary cycling, although the clinical significance of these differences is unknown. Participants performed FES assist cycling at a self-reported levels of exertion consistent with moderate to vigorous intensity, however it was considered light-intensity exercise when expressed by METS. FES assist cycling was no more fatiguing post-exercise than the other modes.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE AND COST OF DOWNHILL WALKING: A NOVEL EXERCISE MODALITY FOR PEOPLE WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2DM)
Authors: Ansari Mrs Misha , Williams Associate Professor Andrew , Schmidt Dr Matthew , Hardcastle Dr Sibella , Myers Dr Stephen
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION & AIMS

Exercise is a cornerstone in managing T2DM, along with diet and medication. Walking is the easiest to perform and most widely recommended exercise for people with T2DM. However, people with T2DM appear to walk 1200 to 2500 less steps per day than healthy people as many find exercise or walking to be exhausting. Downhill walking may be an alternative to conventional exercise for people with T2DM. Little is known about the metabolic cost of incline walking in people with T2DM. This study determined the energy cost of walking downhill, uphill, and on a flat level surface in people with T2DM.

METHODS

Participants walked on a treadmill at 2.5 km/hr, starting at 0% grade for 4 minutes and progressing to 4%, 8%, 12%, and 16% for four minutes at each grade. After resting for 10 minutes, they walked downhill at -4%, -8%, -12%, and -16% grades. Borg’s 6-20 RPE scale measured perceived exertion, while VO2, pulmonary ventilation, and energy expenditure were measured using an automated gas analysis system. Expired gas was collected every 15 seconds, and the average of the four readings of the fourth minute of walking at each grade was used for analysis.

RESULTS

Compared to flat-level the 4%, 8%, 12% and 16% incline increased energy cost by 17.5%, 42.6%, 68.3% and 95.1% respectively. Compared to level walking, walking at -4%, -8%, -12% and -16% treadmill decline decreased the metabolic energy cost by 13.1%, 15.2%, 17.9% and 13.4% respectively. Similarly, cardiometabolic response (HR) and perceived effort during downhill walking were lower than walking uphill.

CONCLUSION

Health professionals wanting to promote exercise as part of a lifestyle approach to manage T2DM could consider downhill walking as an exercise option as it induces lower cardiovascular and metabolic responses and is perceived as easier than uphill walking.
A CASE STUDY OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO COACHING PROFESSIONAL AUSTRALIAN FOOTBALL
Authors: Watsford Prof. Mark , Trama Mr Adam , Grasko Dr Yael , Rhydderch Ms Suzie , Arne-Wilkinson Dr Milo , Eggleton Dr Simon , Cross Dr Tom
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION & AIMS

Coaching professional sport is stressful, yet there is little information detailing the physiological and psychological responses of coaches during match-play. The burden of measurement instruments during competition may preclude their use with coaches during this high-pressure part of the coaching cycle. This exploratory case study examined physiological and psychological alterations when coaching professional Australian football to determine the potential health implications and enhance health literacy in coaches.

METHODS

One head coach of a professional football team was monitored for heart rate (HR), stress-related hormones (C-Reactive Protein, Cortisol, Troponin, Brain Natriuretic Peptide) and psychological stress prior to, during and following seven matches and descriptive data was examined.

RESULTS

The HR response indicated sustained elevation during match-play, with the intermittent nature of the game causing an undulating profile. Periods of locomotion during breaks in play led to elevations in HR, with maximum HR recorded as 8% above age-predicted maximum. Further, differences in HR were evident in the final five minutes between small (145 ± 7.0 bpm) and large (113 ± 5.1 bpm) score margins. There were no irregularities for stress hormones, while the psychological questionnaire revealed differences in perceptions of accomplishment, success, recovery and stress related to match outcome.

CONCLUSIONS

This exploratory case study indicated that substantial elevations in HR are evident while coaching professional football, yielding implications for health management. Coaches require appropriate levels of cardiovascular health to cope with the demands of coaching and targeted health intervention programs may be warranted. Further, differences in psychological outcomes from winning or losing may reflect the need to develop recovery and coping strategies that are contextualised to match results. Since match-play observation elicits alterations to physical and psychological markers, confirmatory research with larger cohorts is warranted to examine and enhance well-being and health management strategies in these elite performers.
SCOPING THE AVAILABILITY AND APPROPRIATENESS OF EXERCISE SERVICES FOR PEOPLE WITH CANCER IN REGIONAL WESTERN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Andrew Mr Christopher , Leo Dr Annie De , McIntyre Dr Carolyn , Lewis Dr Joshua , Dennett Dr Amy , Zissiadis Dr Yvonne , Kennedy Dr Mar
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

National guidance directs oncology healthcare professionals to refer patients to exercise in standard care, yet referrals happen rarely in practice resulting in a critical research-to-practice gap. One major barrier preventing referrals—especially in rural and regional areas—is the lack of appropriate exercise programming available to people with cancer. Therefore, the aims of this study are to 1) determine the availability of exercise oncology programs in a regional area of Western Australia; and 2) explore the appropriateness of these resources to meet the needs of people living with cancer in this region so that a comprehensive referral resource can be created for the region.

METHODS

A comprehensive online search identified all exercise services available in the region for people with cancer. Services were categorised using the Cancer Rehabilitation to Recreation (CaReR) framework to describe the level of care each provided. The geographical makeup and demographics of the cancer population in the region were matched to the services to identify service-gaps.

RESULTS

Approximately 194 000 people live in the Soutwest, with ∼1300 residents diagnosed with cancer each year. Sixty-six exercise oncology services were identified as appropriate for serving this entire population. 62% of all programs were located in the two largest shires across the region. 66% of services were categorised as CaReR Phase 1, providing targeted, supervised care for high-needs patients; 79% as Phase 2, providing targeted, supervised care for medium needs patients; and 28 percent as Phase 3, independent, community-based care for low needs patients.

CONCLUSION

The Southwest region is significantly under-resourced to meet the national directive to embed exercise referrals into care for people with cancer. Lack of available exercise services for this population, and few programs catering for a diverse range of patient needs underpin this. Implementation-focused research is required to address this critical research-to-practice gap.
DOES MOTOR PROFICIENCY INFLUENCE SLEEP, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND MENTAL WELLBEING IN AUSTRALIAN CHILDREN?
Authors: Plumb Dr Mandy , Timler Dr Amanda , Rigney Dr Gabrielle
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION

Motor impairments such as poor timing, balance, sequencing, and dexterity often impact on the child’s quality of life, both physically and emotionally. Sleep and physical activity are modifiable behaviours that have a bi-directional association with mental health outcomes. However, there is very limited research on sleep in children with motor difficulties. The aim of this study is to examine if level of motor proficiency influences physical activity, sleep behaviour, and mental well-being.

METHODS

Children aged between 6 and 12 years attended one ∼90-minute testing session where they completed the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC; 2nd edition), the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD; 3rd edition), and a brief physical activity assessment. Questionnaire were completed by the children and parents (Adolescents Motor Competence Questionnaire (AMCQ), Short Moods and Feelings, Kids Screen, Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ).

RESULTS

Currently, 15 children (9 males, mean age 9.2 ± 1.97 yrs) have completed the study. Preliminary results show a mean TGMD index of 104.93 ±1.97, suggesting motor skills performed to an average level. The MABC percentile rank was 56.93 ±27.05, one participant below 5th percentile (motor impairment). AMCQ mean 87.00±8.9, however four participants had perceived low motor competence. Interestingly mean sleep score suggests high sleep disturbance among the sample (CSHQ mean 42.33 ± 9.73) with 9 out of 15 participants identifying with a paediatric sleep disorder (three low motor competence and six high motor competence has a paediatric sleep disorder).

CONCLUSION

Results indicate some interesting findings with both high and low motor competence children demonstrating a sleep disorder. Further analysis looking at actigraph sleep data, sleep diary and physical activity collected over 7 days will be presented during the conference.
PREHABILITATION BEFORE GASTROINTESTINAL CANCER SURGERY (PREHAB-GI): AN IMPLEMENTATION STUDY
Authors: Turner Jane , Raso Kristy-Lee , Khatri Sonia , Lin Yanlan , Wildbore Carolyn , Scales Caoimhe , Gerber Shannon , Suen Dr Michael , Egger Sam , Becerril-Martinez Guillermo , Le Page Phillip , Tan Sim Yee , Vardy Janette
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Surgery continues to be the primary treatment option for early-stage colorectal and upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers. However, up to 30-40% will experience a major complication. Prehabilitation aims to improve preoperative functional reserves through physical, nutritional, and/or psychological interventions. We aimed to evaluate the implementation of a multimodal prehabilitation program in gastrointestinal cancer surgery patients.

METHODS

A single-arm implementation study using a pre-post design. Colorectal or UGI cancer patients scheduled for curative intent surgery at Concord Hospital with ≥14 days pre-surgery were recruited. The intervention was face-to-face or by telehealth (COVID adaptations): a 2-4-week program consisting of i) supervised exercise, ii) dietary education and protein supplements, iii) nursing support. The primary outcome was implementation using the RE-AIM (Reach/Effectiveness/Adoption/Implementation/Maintenance) framework. Secondary outcomes included functional, nutritional, and surgical outcomes.

RESULTS

Over 16 months, 181 were screened; 95 (52%) were eligible. Reach: 77/95 recruited (64 colorectal, 13 UGI). The median age was 70 years; 46 (60%) were males. Median intervention duration was 16 days. Effectiveness: Functional capacity using the 6-minute walk test and 2-minute step test improved from baseline to pre-surgery; 9.3m (p=0.038) and 6.5 steps (p=<0.001), respectively. Self-reported moderate, vigorous and resistance training statistically increased from baseline to pre-surgery. Hospital length of stay decreased by 1.9 days (p=0.010). There was no difference in total complications and readmissions. Adoption: 91% of referrals were directly from surgeons. Implementation: 72 completed the intervention; 5 withdrew after baseline assessment. 34% of assessments and intervention were delivered by telehealth. Adherence to the intervention was high; 94% exercise, 97% nutrition, 98% nursing. Overall, participant and clinician satisfaction was high. Maintenance: The program has been adopted as standard care with modifications post-study completion.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study shows that multimodal prehabilitation can be successfully implemented in a real-world setting, with a trend to improve functional and surgical outcomes.
EVALUATION OF THE HEALING MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM
Authors: Raynor Associate Professor Annette , Fortington Dr Lauren , Casson Ms Sally , Fox-Harding Dr Caitlin , Kadlec Dr Daniel , Nimphius Professor Sophia
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION & AIMS

The HEALTMing Mental Health (HEALTM-MH) program was a free community-based program offered by Exercise & Sport Science Australia, supported by the Australian Sports Commission, Sport Australia Participation Grants program. HEALTM-MH was targeted at Australians living with mental health conditions in rural or remote areas. Our aim is to present an evaluation of the program effectiveness.

METHODS

The standard program included one-hour of supervised group exercise per week and a one-hour lifestyle education session for 8-weeks. All outcome data, including The Stages of Behaviour Change, were collected by the site facilitators and was provided in an anonymised format for analysis and reporting. Participants were included in the analysis if they had completed more than 50% of the sessions.

RESULTS

A total of 182 participants were recruited which included 117 who were enrolled in the adult mental health program, 32 in the standard adult program and 33 in a teen mental health program. All programs were delivered between May and October 2022 by trained HEALTM providers, with 18 sites having AEPs leading the program, and one site was led by a registered nurse. Included in analysis were 99 participants (31 males, 68 females) with a mean age of 59.5 years. There was a statistically significant change toward the desired outcome for fourteen of fifteen measures from pre- to post-testing. Twelve of these measures recorded the desired target change at the population (grouped) level.

CONCLUSION

The targeted behaviour change was for a one stage shift which was achieved with most participants in the action or maintenance stage by the end of the program. The provision of the HEALTM-MH program was beneficial for those who attended more than 50% of the sessions. The program may increase physical activity and healthy lifestyle choices in individuals who selfreport a mental health disorder.
THE EFFECT OF CONCENTRIC AND ECCENTRIC CYCLING ON SKIN MICROVASCULATURE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN INDIVIDUALS WITH HEART FAILURE: AN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Wigati Ms Kristanti , Bolam Ms Lucy , Collis Ms Julie , Haynes Mr Andrew , Naylor Ms Louise H. , McLaughlin Prof Robert , Green Mr Daniel John
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is associated with systemic vasoconstriction and exercise is an integral management strategy. Beneficial adaptations to exercise training in conduit arteries in CHF are well-established, but training-induced alteration in skin microvessels has not been explored, partly due to measurement limitations. Furthermore, the optimal type of exercise for individuals with CHF is not fully determined. This study utilised optical coherence tomography (OCT) to visualise, quantify and compare skin microvessel adaptations to eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CON) cycling interventions.

METHODS

Patients with CHF (EF<50%) were randomly assigned to either CON or ECC, and both groups underwent supervised training twice weekly for 16wks. Skin microvessel reactivity was measured at week 0 and week 16 using OCT responses to a local heating challenge alongside laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF).

RESULTS

Nineteen participants (CON n=9; ECC n=10, age 56.7±14.4yrs) completed the intervention. For OCT outcomes, there were no significant within group changes in skin local heating response from Wk0–Wk16 for either CON (Δdiameter: 14.2±3.3 µm vs 13.4±4.5 µm; Δvelocity: 107.6±31.8 µm.s-1 vs 106.4±36.4 µm.s-1; Δflow: 318.8±115.3 pl.s-1 vs 325.0±144.4 pl.s-1; Δdensity: 18.8±4.6% vs 16.5±2.6%) or ECC (Δdiameter: 13.5±4.0 µm vs 11.6±3.3 µm; Δvelocity: 105.9±33.6 µm.s-1 vs 126.3±29.6 µm.s-1; Δflow: 298.4±130.1 pl.s-1 vs 348.1±109.2 pl.s-1; Δdensity: 18.0±5.4% vs 17.5±2.1%), all P>0.050. There were no other differences between groups in response to training (all P>0.05). No significant differences were found in response to local heating by LDF (P>0.05). There were no differences in these variables between groups in response to training (all P>0.050) and no differences in LDF responses (P>0.050).

CONCLUSIONS

The 16-week cycle exercise program implemented in this study was insufficient to induce any evidence of microvascular adaptation in patients with CHF. Overcoming cutaneous microvascular vasoconstriction in CHF may require more aggressive exercise approaches than those which have induced adaptation in conduit and resistance arterioles.
THE IMPACT OF FORCED-RATE EXERCISE AND/OR PHOTOBIOMODULATION COMPARED TO USUAL CARE ON METABOLIC SYNDROME SEVERITY IN PEOPLE WITH PARKINSON’S DISEASE
Authors: Kirton Mr Michael , Chakraborty Dr Ranjay , Dalton Joanne , Beleigoli Dr Alline , Gebremichael Dr Lemlem , Dalleck Prof Lance , Nassaris Olivia , Ramos Dr Joyce
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION/AIMS

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been postulated to play a role in the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Several lines of evidence also suggest that forced-rate exercise (FRE) is a potent therapy to alleviate motor and non-motor symptoms of PD, and perhaps MetS severity (MSS). However, long-term exercise adherence in people with PD (PWP) is poor. Alternative/adjunct therapies are therefore warranted. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is an emerging non-pharmaceutical/non-exercise therapy that may improve PD symptoms. Thus, this study aimed to determine the impact of FRE and/or PBM relative to usual care on MSS in PWP.

METHODS

Twenty participants diagnosed with PD (aged 40-80yrs) were randomised into one of four groups assigned to a different sequence of the study interventions or SHAM treatment across four 8-week study periods, each separated by a 4-week wash-out period: (1) Group A-B-C-D (n=5); (2) Group B-D- A-C (n=5); (3) Group C-A-B-D (n=5); (4) Group D-C-B-A (n=5). A-B-C-D represents PBM, FRE, FRE+PBM, and SHAM, respectively. Z-scores were derived from levels of MetS risk factors to determine the MSS (MetS z-score). Responders to a clinically significant change in MetS z-score was classified as those demonstrating a reduction of at least 0.48.

RESULTS

Our preliminary analysis included 17 participants with 30 complete pre- and post-MetS z-score data sets (FRE, n=5; FRE+PBM, n=7; PBM, n=9; SHAM, n=9). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in MSS change from pre-to-post intervention (p=0.82). However, the FRE group showed the greatest proportion of MSS responders: 60% (3/5) compared to FRE+PBM (43%, 3/7), PBM (44%, 4/9), and SHAM (33%, 3/9).

CONCLUSION

FRE may be the most efficacious method of clinically improving MSS. However, our study also suggests that a combined FRE+PBM or PBM alone could be used as an initial or supplementary treatment in ameliorating MSS and thus potentially PD progression.
EVIDENCE FOR THE EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON PHYSICAL CAPACITY, FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE, AND FATIGUE IN BRAIN CANCER SURVIVORS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Cannon Dr Jack , Miller Mr Tim , Buzza Dr Gavin , Cowin Mr Jeremy
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION & AIMS

Physical capacity, functional performance, and fatigue status have prognostic value and protective benefits against all-cause mortality and future adverse health events in prostate, breast, and colon cancer survivors. However, the effects of exercise on these parameters in cancers with disproportionately high rates of mortality and morbidity remain unclear. Therefore, this systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of exercise on aerobic fitness, muscle strength, balance, gait, and fatigue symptoms among adult brain cancer survivors.

METHODS

Following PRIMSA guidelines, databases were searched using subject MESH headings for papers published before June 2023. Studies involving adults with a primary brain cancer diagnosis where exercise interventions were applied with the intent to treat and where pre- and post-intervention outcome measures were available. The risk of bias tool for non-randomised trials was used and the overall strength of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.

RESULTS

Ten studies from 367 retrieved papers were eligible for inclusion. A total of 293 participants aged 18-82 years, all diagnosed with gliomas, who were on-treatment or <62 months post-treatment were involved. Interventions varied substantially across studies regarding duration (4-26 weeks), assessments, prescriptions (frequencies, intensities, modalities, and durations), and delivery. Findings were consistent, reporting significant positive effects of exercise on submaximal aerobic capacity, upper and lower limb strength, balance, fatigue scores, 30s sit-to-stand, and gait speed. However, all studies had a serious risk of bias with numerous methodological problems. Overall certainty of the evidence was rated as very low for each outcome.

CONCLUSION

Results from these preliminary studies are encouraging and suggest that exercise may improve health and functional outcomes and potentially reduce the risk of all-cause mortality in adult brain cancer survivors. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to the small body of literature, high risk of bias, and weak evidence available.
Inter-Rater Reliability in Assessing the Methodological Quality of Research Papers in Psychology
Authors: Etzel Franka Tabitha , Seyffert-Müller Anna , Schönbrodt Felix D. , Kreuzer Lucie , Gärtner Anne , Knischewski Paula , Leising Daniel
Published: May 2024

Given the apparent validity deficiencies of many well-established metrics of research productivity (such as h-indices and journal impact factors), the demand for viable alternatives is growing. This paper presents two empirical studies in which groups of raters (n1 = 3, n2 = 9) assessed the methodological rigor of research papers (k1 = 52, k2 = 110) using detailed catalogs of relatively well-defined quality criteria. The main endpoint in both studies was inter-rater reliability, which is a necessary prerequisite for any subsequent use of such assessments (e.g., as part of hiring or promotion procedures). Both studies showed that the application of several open science practices (e.g., open data, preregistration) may in fact be assessed with good reliability (Kappa > .60, ICCs > .75), even by raters who received little to no training, and within reasonable amounts of time (M1 = 21.7, M2 = 40.2 minutes on average). When aggregated across indicators, inter-rater reliability for this type of assessment was good to excellent (Study 1: ICC(1, 1) = .91, Study 2: ICC(1,1) = .74). A subsample of papers in Study 2 was drawn randomly from the recent literature (2020-2022) and showed that typical papers in contemporary psychology still espouse very low methodological rigor. Study 2 also showed that criteria related to consensus-building do not yet espouse sufficient reliability. Standard criterion sets for assessing the methodological rigor of empirical research should be used more widely in evaluating submissions to scientific journals, as well as published research (e.g., in evaluating the research productivity of individuals, groups or institutions). Such evaluations will be also facilitated by establishing clearer and more widely-adopted reporting standards.
From short-term memory chunks to long-term memory schemas: Learning in the Hebb repetition paradigm
Authors: Piątkowski Krzysztof , Zawadzka Katarzyna , Hanczakowski Maciej
Published: May 2024

The short-term and long-term memory systems are thought to interact via chunks – long-term memory representations that support maintenance of information. The creation and use of chunks is examined in the Hebb repetition paradigm, where participants repeatedly study and retrieve the same list of serially presented memoranda. This repetition ultimately leads to the creation of a chunk supporting short-term memory performance. Studies conducted to date underscore the inflexible nature of thus created chunks, which always encompass the exact series of memoranda. In contrast to this, the long-term memory system is thought to rely on schemas – flexibly adjusted representations that allow for generalization and transfer of learning. Here we examined whether this difference in the organization of short-term and long-term memory systems is more apparent than real by pursuing a possible role of schemas in a short-term memory task. We adapted the Hebb repetition paradigm so that participants learned and retrieved lists of category exemplars. Crucially, what was repeated here in the Hebb list was the order of categories from which those exemplars were taken, while the memoranda themselves changed from one list presentation to another. We demonstrated that in this task participants were able to derive the schema describing category order in the Hebb list and use it to support short-term memory performance for a novel set of schema-consistent memoranda. We conclude that both the short- and long-term memory systems can be organized around flexibly deployed schemas.
Emotion regulation moderates the prospective association between ERN and anxiety in early adolescence: An age-specific moderation of cognitive reappraisal but not expressive suppression
Authors: Tan Jaron Xe Yung , Liu Pan
Published: May 2024

The increasing prevalence of anxiety problems during adolescence underscores the importance of a better understanding of the development of anxiety. Existing literature has documented a prospective association between error responsivity - characterized by the ERP component of error-related negativity (ERN) - and anxiety in youths. However, it remains unclear to what extent the ERN-anxiety relationship may be moderated by emotion regulation, another attribute critical to the development of anxiety. We collected two waves of data from 115 healthy early adolescents (66 girls; Mean age/SD at T1 =11.00/1.16 years), approximately one year apart. Participants completed an EEG Go/No-Go task and reported on their anxiety symptoms at T1 and T2; they also reported on their emotion regulation tendencies (i.e., cognitive reappraisal [CR] and expressive suppression [ES]) at T2. The ERN was quantified via a principal component analysis. We found a moderating effect of ES on the ERN-anxiety association. Specifically, a larger T1 ERN predicted greater T2 anxiety symptoms for youths with higher, but not lower, ES. Interestingly, the moderating effect of CR on the ERN-symptom association was conditioned on age. Among older youths (upper age tercile) only, the association between T1 ERN and T2 symptoms was significant for those with lower, but not higher, CR. These findings contribute novel evidence on the moderating effect of emotion regulation on the prospective ERN-anxiety relationship in early adolescence. Our results elucidate age-specific patterns in the moderating effect of CR. Future studies can leverage these findings to tailor emotion regulation interventions for youths of different ages.
The longitudinal interplay of print exposure and auditory brain responses in the prediction of reading skills
Authors: Tretow Ariane , Khanolainen Daria , Hamalainen Jarmo , Leppänen Paavo H. T. , Torppa Minna
Published: May 2024

Auditory brain responses’ longitudinal interplay with print exposure and their effects on reading skills were examined in children aged 4–10 years. Print exposure was represented by parent–child shared reading and children’s independent engagement, whereas speech/non-speech stimuli were used to evoke brain responses (N250). We evaluated the roles of familial risk (dyslexia) and parental education and found a link between print exposure and brain responses to speech at two timepoints in the longitudinal path model. A reciprocal association existed between independent print exposure and brain responses to speech, whereas speech/non-speech brain responses predicted school-age independent print exposure. Shared reading was positively associated with brain responses to speech stimuli at age 9, whereas independent print exposure was associated with later reading fluency. Family risk for dyslexia predicted reading accuracy and fluency, which did not run via print exposure or brain responses. The underlying mechanisms require further investigation by combining environmental, genetic predisposition and brain and skill development models. Corresponding author: ariane.a.tretow@jyu.fi
PERAN GURU SEBAGAI PENGGERAK UTAMA DALAM INOVASI PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Shafira Nur Rahmadianty
Published: May 2024

Perkembangan teknologi dan informasi yang begitu pesat turut memengaruhi aspek pendidikan yang mengembangkan peran guru sebagai inovator. Sikap inovatif menjadi sebuah kunci bagi para guru agar menghadapi tantangan zaman yang memungkinkan menyesuaikan pembelajaran, memenuhi kebutuhan individu siswa, serta mendorong kreativitas dan pemikiran kritis. Inovasi ini dapat diwujudkan dengan berbagai bentuk pembelajaran baik melibatkan guru memberikan arahan yang efektif, merencanakan pembelajaran dengan jelas, dan memberikan respons positif terhadap keinginan belajar siswa. Selain itu, penggunaan teknologi informasi dan media pembelajaran digital, seperti aplikasi pembelajaran, video, virtual reality, mobile learning, proyek berbasis teknologi, dan digital storytelling menjadi inovasi yang memperkaya pengalaman belajar siswa dan meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan.
Dynamics of Labour Force in Nepal (1961-1976)
Authors: Shrestha Fuspa
Published: May 2024

Not Available.
Green Banking Initiatives: Policy and Practices in Commercial Banks of Nepal
Authors: Tiwari Ghanashyam
Published: May 2024

Environmental and social (E&S) risk management has grown in key aspects of sustainability in banks and other financial institutions these days. A socially inclusive, climate-friendly and green banking system is only possible with the effective management of E&S risk in their business transactions. This study assesses the present implementation status of sustainability within commercial banks in Nepal, by examining their adherence to the environment and social risk (ESRM) guidelines issued by Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB). Using a descriptive research design, the study utilizes ESRM reports published by NRB in 2078/79 and 2079/80. The study examines the present state of ESRM guideline implementation across three key aspects of policy formation, training and development activities for bank employees, and incorporation of environmental and social risks within the core strategies of commercial banks. The result found a satisfactory level of implementation of ESRM guidelines. The policy formulation and governance indicators are almost realized and other indicators have satisfactory and progressive levels of operation in the banks. Effective implementation of sustainable guidelines and initiatives will be accomplished innovative financial instruments that incentivize green investments and support climate-resilient practices can further expedite the transition to a sustainable banking landscape. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into the current state of ESRM in Nepal's commercial banks, shedding light on the progress that can pave the way for a more sustainable and green financial system in Nepal.
Inskripsi Islam pada Makam-Makam Kuno Barus
Authors: Pinem Masmedia
Published: May 2024

This article is an effort of re-reading of Islamic inscription in the tombs of Barus compared to the earlier works of the research. For this purpose, this research paper is limited to cultural traces over Arabic inscriptions drawn at the ancient tombs i.e. tomb of MahÂ­ligai, tomb of Tuan Makhdum, tomb of Ibrahimsyah, tomb of Papan Tinggi, and tomb of Sigambo-GamÂ­bo. In a course of reading such inscriptions of the tombs, he used several methods, such as desÂ­criptive technique, reading, and transliteration of the inscriptions and being ended by describing and analysing the final result of Â the research. Descriptive studies done by description material culture, reÂ­ligious inscripÂ­tion, scripts, languagÂ­es and meaning. Further, analysis used by comparing to other works with the data in the fields.Keyword: Barus, islamic inscription, ancient tomb, historical tracesTulisan ini berupaya menggambarkan dan menjelaskan inskripsi yang terdapat pada makam-makam kuno di Barus dengan cara memÂ­banÂ­dingkan tulisan sebelumnya dengan titik bidiknya, seperti Makam Mahligai, Makam Tuan Makhdum, Makam Ibrahimsyah, Makam Papan Tinggi, dan Makam Sigambo-GamÂ­bo. MeÂ­Â­Â­Â­Â­toÂ­Â­Â­de dan tahapan-tahapan yang diÂ­lakukan melalui bebeÂ­rapa cara yaitu, penyajian data seÂ­cara deskriptif, pembacaan dan transÂ­liÂ­terasi inskripsi, dan terakhir pembahasan. Kajian desÂ­kripÂ­tif dilakuakan meliputi kondisi fisik, inskripsi keagamaan, aksara dan bahasanya, dan isiÂ­nya. SeÂ­menÂ­tara, pembahasan atau analisis dilakukan dengan membanÂ­dingkan dengan bacaÂ­an-bacaÂ­an lain yang diperkaya data lapangan.Kata Kunci: Barus, inskripsi Islam, makam kuno, tinggalan sejarah
Źródła stresu i radzenie sobie z nim u nauczycieli w okresie pandemii COVID-19
Authors: Majkowska Justyna , Felczak Joanna
Published: May 2024

The article presents the results of research performed during the COVID-19 pandemic on a group of 56 primary school teachers from the Wielkopolska province in Poland who conducted online classes (between April 1 and June 15, 2021). The aim of the study was to identify the sources of stress and the respondents’ ways of coping with it. The subjects were tested with standardised psychometric tools: the Sense of Stress Questionnaire (KPS) by Mieczysław Plopa and Ryszard Makarowski, and the Stress Management Questionnaire (CISS) by Norman S. Endler and James D. A. Parker. A custom questionnaire was also used to collect data on organisational problems faced by the respondents due to remote work, as well as to deepen the analysis. The collected research results indicate a relationship between the respondents’ sources of stress and their coping strategies. It has been proved that the teachers’ predominant way of coping with stress is focusing on the task. Moreover, the vast majority of respondents claim that their main source of stress is the inconvenience of switching to a remote work system. The results demonstrate the ability to face situations that are subjectively considered difficult. Moreover, they point towards remote work as one of the important sources of stress for teachers.
A conscious investment or an unpleasant necessity? Parental expenditures on children’s education in Poland
Authors: Kłobuszewska Małgorzata
Published: May 2024

This study explores parents’ expenditures on the education of children aged 7–15 in Poland, focusing on the perception of school-related and additional expenditures. The study used a mixed-method approach. A qualitative analysis reveals differences in parental attitudes towards educational spending and a quantitative analysis, employing the Tobit regression model due to censored variables, indicates that a difficult financial situation correlates with slightly lower school- related expenditures, while it significantly affects additional expenditures. Parents’ education is a significant factor for additional expenditures but not for school-related ones. School-related expenditures show minimal variation based on family characteristics, suggesting their obligatory nature. Conversely, additional educational expenditures exhibit high diversity, with a notable percentage of families not incurring them. These outlays contribute to perpetuating educational inequalities. The study emphasises the importance of ongoing research on parental expenditures. This knowledge is essential for ensuring access to key public services such as education.
Doświadczanie czasu w przestrzeni archiwum
Authors: Ulicka Danuta
Published: May 2024

The main problem discussed in the book is the experience of time deposited in the memory of culture – its texts, pre-texts and “beyond-texts” collected in archives. Memory is accompanied – also on a cultural scale – by forgetting. Both of these integrally connected processes determine the topicality of past knowledge and its falling out of the currently dominant circuits, and sometimes unexpected returns. The subsequent chapters of the book, devoted to “oldvators” of literary criticism (mainly Mikhail Bakhtin, Roman Ingarden and Roman Jakobson), ask about their presence and the importance of their achievements today. The analyses of this unusual phenomenon on the Central and Eastern European scale – student scientific circles in which modern literary studies were born – serve to recover past perfect and transform it into past imperfect. Such a phenomenon are also literary terms born in the first decades of the 20th century, whose circulation in the world, penetration into the neighboring disciplines, semantic (and even name) shifts allow to trace not only the changing story of literary research, but also to ask a question about its identity. This identity, although seemingly unstable, as shown by studies spanning the entire century, appears to be surprisingly steady.
Impact of Implementation of NABH Standards on Patient Experience and Feedback about Hospital Services
Authors: Nanda Manpreet Singh , Sharma Kuldeep , Minakshi -
Published: May 2024

Background: Health care is one of the most important service industry where quality standards need to be maintained for patient treatment and satisfaction. National accreditation boards for hospitals and health care providers (NABH) standards focus on quality, infection control and patient safety. The impact of these standards on patient feedback about hospital services needs to be studied.Objective: To observe the impact of NABH standards on patient feedback and experiences and patient satisfaction.Methods: Patient feedback and experience data collected by Quality department of the hospital for the months of October 2018 (before implementation of NABH standards) was compared with data of October 2023 (5 years of implementation of NABH standards) and the data was analysed using statistical tools. The data was analysed and compared separately for Outpatient department (OPD) and In Patient department (IPD) patients.Results: The data was collected through questionnaire from 400 patients and their relatives (for less than 18 years age patients) each for both months. There was improvement in feedback and experiences for all elements of the questionnaire for both OPD and IPD patients, more significantly for staff behaviour and communication skills of staff. The feedback and experiences for IPD patients were more satisfactory than OPD patients in our study.Conclusion: NABH standards implementation has a positive impact on patient feedback and experiences leading to greater patient satisfaction. IPD patients are more satisfied with hospital services as compared to OPD patients.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 08 No. 01 Jan’24 Page: 44-48
Privacy, surveillance, and implanting RFID microchips to humans*
Authors: Bardakçı Tayyibe
Published: May 2024

Background: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is specifically designed for the remote identification of objects. The first patent for human implantable RFID microchips was granted in 1997, and the FDA approved these microchips in 2004. Since then, they have found applications in humans for diverse reasons.Objective: This study aims to make an ethical evaluation of using RFID microchips in humans, focusing on privacy and surveillance.Methods: A literature review was conducted, exploring the conceptual dimensions of privacy and surveillance, and ethical evaluations were made regarding potential privacy violations caused by RFID microchips, as well as their potential uses for surveillance purposes.Results: Privacy is a multidimensional concept that spans various disciplines such as psychology, sociology, anthropology, medicine, theology, and law, and throughout history it constitutes an indispensable and intrinsic necessity for humanity. On the other hand, surveillance is a process wherein certain groups employ methods to gather, accumulate, analyze, process, and utilize data, with the objective of regulating the behavior of specific groups, entailing potential physical, ideological, or structural interventions, ultimately aiming to guide individuals toward predetermined behavioral patterns.Discussion and Conclusion: A major concern with RFID microchips is potential privacy violations and their use for surveillance. These microchips and their connected networks hold a significant amount of information, including sensitive data like healthrelated information. Thus, they make individuals become easily identifiable and make them vulnerable to surveillance practices.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 08 No. 01 Jan’24 Page: 84-94
РОЛЬ КОРПОРАТИВНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ В СИСТЕМІ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВОМ
Authors: Приймак Наталія , Авраменко Каріна
Published: May 2024

У статті розкрита актуальність корпоративної культури в системі управління підприємством. Розглянуто суть і особливості системи управління та оздоровлення організації за допомогою правильно побудованої корпоративної культури. З’ясовано сутність таких понять як корпоративна культура та система управління підприємством. Наголошено на ролі корпоративної культури в системі  управління для удосконалення та гармонійний розвиток усіх аспектів діяльності підприємства.
JEL Класифікація: М1, М 14.
МАРКЕТИНГОВІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СВІТОВОГО РИНКУ НАНОМЕДИЦИНИ
Authors: Малишев Віктор , Коваленко Вікторія
Published: May 2024

Метою дослідження є виявлення стану та закономірностей розвитку світового ринку наномедицини та відстежування сучасних тенденцій та інновацій його розвитку.
Визначено основні напрями розвитку наномедицини та використання нанотехнологій у сучасній медицині та фармації, рушійні чинники зростання світового ринку наномедицини. Здійснено аналіз ринку нанотехнологій за галузями індустрії, ринку наномедицини - за будовою наноматеріалів, сферою застосування, способом та сферою дії, географічними регіонами.
Знання та використання стану та тенденцій світового ринку наномедицини дозволить здійснювати обґрунтованіший підхід до розвитку вітчизняної наномедицини та сприятиме інтеграції вітчизняної науки, виробництва та охорони здоров’я до європейського і світового простору.
 JEL Класифікація: L86, M31, I18.
Assessment of the Possibility of Excluding Secondary Heating of the Inflow During the Warm Period in Modern Climatic Conditions
Authors: SAMARIN O.D.
Published: May 2024

The subject of the study is the dependence on the required indoor air temperature and the accepted inflow temperature for a minimum heat and humidity ratio in the room, in which secondary heating of inflow can be excluded. The purpose of the study is to obtain an analytical expression of this dependence, which allows an engineering assessment of the possibility of eliminating secondary heating in the process of designing air conditioning systems without the use of graphical constructions. The objective of the study is to represent an adequate flow processing scheme on the I–d diagram, identify the main factors affecting the minimum heat and humidity ratio in the room and obtain the necessary numerical coefficients in formulas linking the desired and initial parameters. Research results. An analytical dependence is obtained that allows calculating the minimum possible value of the heat and humidity ratio in a room in which secondary heating is not required, and only cooling of the inflow with drying in a surface air cooler is sufficient if it has a bypass channel. The presentation is illustrated with numerical and graphical examples.
SEX AND CONTROL
Authors: Walther Daniel J.
Published: May 2024

In responding to the perceived threat posed by venereal diseases in Germany’s colonies, doctors took a biopolitical approach that employed medical and bourgeois discourses of modernization, health, productivity, and morality. Their goal was to change the behavior of targeted groups, or at least to isolate infected individuals from the healthy population. However, the Africans, Pacific Islanders, and Asians they administered to were not passive recipients of these strategies. Rather, their behavior strongly influenced the efficacy and nature of these public health measures. While an apparent degree of compliance was achieved, over time physicians increasingly relied on disciplinary measures beyond what was possible in Germany in order to enforce their policies. Ultimately, through their discourses and actions they contributed to the justification for and the maintenance of German colonialism.