bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Life cycle closure of Cerroneuroterus minutulus (Giraud, 1859) with C. aggregatus (Wachtl, 1880) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini): experimental, taxonomic and molecular approaches
Authors: SOTTILE SALVATORE , NICHOLLS JAMES A. , CERASA GIULIANO
Published: February 2024

The life cycle of Cerroneuroterus minutulus (Giraud, 1859), a species previously known only from its asexual generation, is closed. Our study demonstrates that C. minutulus exhibits the heterogony typical of Cynipini species, with alternating sexual and asexual generations. The identity of the sexual generation is demonstrated by laboratory experiments and confirmed by molecular data, with Cerroneuroterus aggregatus (Wachtl, 1880) determined to be the sexual generation, and junior synonym, of Cerroneuroterus minutulus (Giraud, 1859). Illustrations and diagnoses for adults and galls, observations on biology and distribution information are provided as is a detailed redescription of the sexual generation of C. minutulus.
A new species of the genus Ophiomyxa (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiomyxidae) from the Mallorca Channel seamounts in the western Mediterranean
Authors: ORDINES FRANCESC , RAMÍREZ-AMARO SERGIO , CALERO BELÉN , FARRIOLS MARIA TERESA , MASSUTÍ ENRIC
Published: February 2024

A new species belonging to the ophiuroid genus Ophiomyxa is described from the Mallorca Channel seamount, in the western Mediterranean Sea. It can be distinguished from other Ophiomyxa species by the lack of interradial marginal plates, three arm spines, the presence of two thin, transparent and completely perforated dorsal arm plates on each arm segment, the separate heptagonal ventral arm plates, the disk integument full of transparent rounded scales with scattered perforated ossicles, and a characteristic coloration of the disk, which in the living specimen is brown with abundant scattered bright white spots. Molecular analyses based on cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I (DNA barcode) clearly support the assignment of the new species to Ophiomyxa. This discovery highlights the importance of the Mallorca Channel seamounts for the Mediterranean biodiversity conservation, as they seem to provide a suitable habitat for several invertebrate species, including recent descriptions of species and new Mediterranean records, which apparently have not established permanent populations along the closest continental margin.
Two new species of the macropsine leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Eurymelinae) from Japan, with description of a new subgenus
Authors: OKUDERA SHIGERU , HAYASHI MASAMI
Published: February 2024

Two new macropsine species, Celopsis yaeyamana sp. nov. and Pediopsoides (Glaphyropsis) aurantescens subgen. & sp. nov. are described and illustrated from the Ryukyu Islands of Japan. Four Celopsis species, C. membrana (Zhang), C. montaninversa (Yang & Zhang), C. trifurcata (Li, Dai & Li) and C. rhombica (Li, Dai & Li) are transferred to the new subgenus Glaphyropsis.
A new subspecies of Aporia procris Leech, 1890 hidden in Sichuan, China (Lepidoptera, Pieridae)
Authors: LI HUA-ZHAO
Published: February 2024

Further information on the distribution of Aporia procris Leech, 1890 is provided. The population of A. procris from the upper Dadu River, W. Sichuan, previously recognized as ssp. yaozhui Huang, 2021, is treated as a new subspecies, viz., A. p. huangsiyaoi ssp. nov., based upon evidence from external features, with its genital and molecular characters given.
Study of Microphysical Signatures Based on Spectral Polarimetry during the RELAMPAGO Field Experiment in Argentina
Authors: Lakshmi K. K. Aiswarya , Sahoo Swaroop , Biswas Sounak Kumar , Chandrasekar V.
Published: February 2024

Weather radars with dual-polarization capabilities enable the study of various characteristics of hydrometeors, including their size, shape, and orientation. Radar polarimetric measurements, coupled with Doppler information, allow for analysis in the spectral domain. This analysis can be leveraged to reveal valuable insight into the microphysics and kinematics of hydrometeors in precipitation systems. This paper uses spectral polarimetry to investigate precipitation microphysics and kinematics in storm environments observed during the Remote Sensing of Electrification, Lightning, and Mesoscale/Microscale Processes with Adaptive Ground Observations (RELAMPAGO) field experiment in Argentina. This study uses range–height indicator scan measurements from a C-band polarimetric Doppler weather radar deployed during the field campaign. In this work, the impact of storm dynamics on hydrometeors is studied, including the size sorting of hydrometeors due to vertical wind shear. In addition, particle microphysical processes because of aggregation and growth of ice crystals in anvil clouds, as well as graupel formation resulting from the riming of ice crystals and dendrites, are also analyzed here. The presence of different particle size distributions because of the mixing of hydrometeors in a sheared environment and resulting size sorting has been reported using spectral differential reflectivity (sZdr) slope. Spectral reflectivity sZh and sZdr have also been used to understand the signature of ice crystal aggregation in an anvil cloud. The regions of pristine ice crystals are identified from vertical profiles of spectral polarimetric variables in anvil cloud because of sZh < 0 dB and sZdr values around 2 dB. It is also found that the growth process of these ice crystals causes a skewed bimodal sZh spectrum due to the presence of both pristine ice crystals and dry snow. Next, graupel formation due to riming has been studied, and it is found that the riming process produces sZh values of about 10 dB and corresponding sZdr values of 1 dB. This positive sZdr indicates the presence of needle/columnar secondary ice particles formed by ice multiplication processes in the riming zones. Last, the temporal evolution of a storm is investigated by analyzing changes in hydrometeor types with time and their influence on the spectral polarimetric variables.
A Geospatial Verification Method for Severe Convective Weather Warnings: Implications for Current and Future Warning Methods
Authors: Stumpf Gregory J. , Stough Sarah M.
Published: February 2024

Legacy National Weather Service verification techniques, when applied to current static severe convective warnings, exhibit limitations, particularly in accounting for the precise spatial and temporal aspects of warnings and severe convective events. Consequently, they are not particularly well suited for application to some proposed future National Weather Service warning delivery methods considered under the Forecasting a Continuum of Environmental Threats (FACETs) initiative. These methods include threats-in-motion (TIM), wherein warning polygons move nearly continuously with convective hazards, and probabilistic hazard information (PHI), a concept that involves augmenting warnings with rapidly updating probabilistic plumes. A new geospatial verification method was developed and evaluated, by which warnings and observations are placed on equivalent grids within a common reference frame, with each grid cell being represented as a hit, miss, false alarm, or correct null for each minute. New measures are computed, including false alarm area and location-specific lead time, departure time, and false alarm time. Using the 27 April 2011 tornado event, we applied the TIM and PHI warning techniques to demonstrate the benefits of rapidly updating warning areas, showcase the application of the geospatial verification method within this novel warning framework, and highlight the impact of varying probabilistic warning thresholds on warning performance. Additionally, the geospatial verification method was tested on a storm-based warning dataset (2008–22) to derive annual, monthly, and hourly statistics.
A School Leader's Acompañamiento: Identity and Belonging With Immigrant Families
Authors: Contreras Ana
Published: February 2024

Purpose:This study explores the community-building practices of a school leader at a middle/high school in a Latino/a and African American community. I analyze how the principal leveraged his immigrant identity and experiences to connect with immigrant families and adapt to their needs to form a sense of belonging in the school and neighborhood. I focus on the power of immigrant and BIPOC school leaders drawing from their cultural practices to lead efforts for family engagement. Methods: My study draws on a 3-year critical ethnographic study. Qualitative data sources include participant observation of school/community events; interviews with school faculty, parents, and community members; and participatory methods. I draw on the concepts of pedagogies of acompañamiento and critical care to theorize practices that educators employ to forge relationships with families and create humanizing spaces. Findings: I argue that the school's principal, a Latino immigrant, functioned as a “border broker” in helping families find a sense of belonging in the school and community. He embodied pedagogies of acompañamiento as he accompanied parents through marginalizing experiences and created spaces where they could share and participate in decision-making. Discussion: I highlight the possibilities of pedagogies of acompañamiento in school spaces and recommend practices for school leaders in designing engagement strategies.
Exploring Recent Decreases in First Molar Sealants among US Children
Authors: Lin M. , Griffin S. O. , Li C. H. , Wei L. , Espinoza L. , Wang C. Y. , Thornton-Evans G.
Published: February 2024

Analyses of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data suggested a significant decrease in sealant prevalence among children between 2011 to 2014 and 2015 to 2018. We explore whether this decrease could be associated with possible changes in 1) clinical sealant delivery, 2) dental materials (i.e., increased use of glass ionomer [GI] sealants resulting in an inability to detect sealant fragments that still provide preventive benefits or increased use of composite restorations leading to misclassifying sealants as restorations), and 3) examination sensitivity and specificity. We used NHANES data to estimate the prevalences of sealants, untreated caries, and restorations in ≥1 first permanent molar among children aged 7 to 10 y and used Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data to estimate the annual clinical delivery of sealants and fluoride treatments. We examined changes in outcomes between 2 periods ( P < 0.05) controlling for selected sociodemographic characteristics. NHANES sealant examination quality was based on the reference examiner’s replicate examinations. The adjusted prevalence of sealants decreased relatively by 27.5% (46.6% vs. 33.8%). Overall, untreated caries decreased. Untreated caries and restoration decreased among children without sealants. Annual clinical sealant delivery did not change, whereas fluoride treatment delivery increased. The decrease in sealant prevalence held when assessed for various age ranges and NHANES cycle combinations. While sealant examination specificity remained similar between the periods, sensitivity (weighted by the proportion of exams by each examiner) decreased relatively by 17.4% (0.92 vs. 0.76). These findings suggest that decreased sealant prevalence was not supported by decreased clinical sealant delivery nor increased use of composite restorations. Decreased examination sensitivity, which could be due to an increased use of GI sealants, could contribute to the decrease in sealant prevalence. The decrease in caries among children without sealants could suggest the increased use of GI sealants. However, we could not rule out that the decrease in caries could be attributable to increased fluoride treatment delivery.
Electronic Case Reporting Development, Implementation, and Expansion in the United States
Authors: Knicely Kimberly , Loonsk John W. , Hamilton Janet J. , Fine Annie , Conn Laura A.
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for a nationwide health information technology solution that could improve upon manual case reporting and decrease the clinical and administrative burden on the US health care system. We describe the development, implementation, and nationwide expansion of electronic case reporting (eCR), including its effect on public health surveillance and pandemic readiness.

Methods:

Multidisciplinary teams developed and implemented a standards-based, shared, scalable, and interoperable eCR infrastructure during 2014-2020. From January 27, 2020, to January 7, 2023, the team conducted a nationwide scale-up effort and determined the number of eCR-capable electronic health record (EHR) products, the number of reportable conditions available within the infrastructure, and technical connections of health care organizations (HCOs) and jurisdictional public health agencies (PHAs) to the eCR infrastructure. The team also conducted data quality studies to determine whether HCOs were discontinuing manual case reporting and early results of eCR timeliness.

Results:

During the study period, the number of eCR-capable EHR products developed or in development increased 11-fold (from 3 to 33), the number of reportable conditions available increased 28-fold (from 6 to 173), the number of HCOs connected to the eCR infrastructure increased 143-fold (from 153 to 22 000), and the number of jurisdictional PHAs connected to the eCR infrastructure increased 2.75-fold (from 24 to 66). Data quality reviews with PHAs resulted in select HCOs discontinuing manual case reporting and using eCR-exclusive case reporting in 13 PHA jurisdictions. The timeliness of eCR was <1 minute.

Practice Implications:

The growth of eCR can revolutionize public health case surveillance by producing data that are more timely and complete than manual case reporting while reducing reporting burden.
Lifestyle and ADL Are Prioritized Factors Influencing All-Cause Mortality Risk Among Oldest Old: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Ge Zhiwen , Li Cheng , Li Yaru , Wang Nan , Hong Zhongxin
Published: February 2024

To identify key factors affecting all-cause mortality in the elderly aged 80 years and above. Data from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (2011-2018) were utilized ( N = 3993). A healthy lifestyle score was obtained by assigning 8 factors: smoking, drinking, exercise, sleep duration, social activity, waist circumference, BMI, and healthful plant-based diet index. Cox regression and decision tree model were used to identify factors influencing the mortality risk. Lifestyle and activities of daily living (ADL) were 2 of the most important modifiable factors influencing the mortality risk of the oldest seniors. A higher healthy lifestyle score was associated with lower mortality risk. The HR (95% CI) of death risk in Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups were 0.91 (0.81-1.01), 0.78 (0.71-0.86), and 0.64 (0.58-0.71), respectively, when compared with the Q1 group of healthy lifestyle score. Elderly with ADL disability had a higher mortality rate than those without ADL disability. When the elderly already have ADL disability, the healthier the lifestyle, the lower the mortality rate. Among individuals aged 80 to 89 years with ADL disability, the mortality rate was higher in the healthy lifestyle score Q1-Q2 groups (92.1%) than that in the Q3-Q4 groups (71.6%). Similar results were observed among subjects aged 90 to 99 years with ADL disability (Q1-Q2: 97.9%, Q3-Q4: 92.1%). For centenarians without ADL disability, maintaining a healthy lifestyle significantly reduced mortality (Q1-Q3: 90.5%, Q4: 75.5%). Caregivers should prioritize the consideration of lifestyle and ADL in their healthcare practices of the oldest old.
A meta-analysis of the incidence of infections following open tibia fractures and the microorganisms that cause them in high-, middle- and low-income countries
Authors: Chebli Djenna , Dhaif Fatema , Ridha Ali , Schade Alexander , Khatri Chetan
Published: February 2024

Open tibia fractures are devastating, life changing injuries, with infection associated with substantial morbidity to the patient. Reducing infection is a research priority, but before interventional studies can be designed, the incidence of infection following this injury needs to be better defined. Our aim was to estimate the global incidence of infection following an open tibia fracture. A systematic review was performed of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science and Global Index Medicus. We included randomised controlled trials with more than ten participants which reported infections after open diaphyseal or distal fractures (AO 42 or 43). Primary outcome was deep infection according to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Secondary outcome included causative micro-organisms. A meta-analysis using a random effects model to assess incidence and between-treatment effects was performed. Thirteen studies including 1463 adults from seven middle-income countries, seven high-income countries and one low-income country were included. The incidence of infection was 12.12 person-years (95% CI 7.95–18.47). A subgroup analysis compared external fixation and intramedullary nailing showed no difference between infection rates. There were limited data on organisms, but Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly identified. There are limited to no data on antimicrobial resistance.
Discursive Legitimation: An Integrative Theoretical Framework and Agenda for Future Research
Authors: Vaara Eero , Aranda Ana M. , Etchanchu Helen
Published: February 2024

In recent years, we have seen a proliferation of research on discursive legitimation, which has shed light on how legitimacy is established through communication. However, this body of work remains fragmented, and there is a need to synthesize and develop a more comprehensive and in-depth theoretical understanding of this vibrant area of research. This article aims to address this need by providing an integrative theoretical framework and outlining an agenda for future research. The framework encompasses five key elements of discursive legitimation: strategies, positions, foundations, temporality, and arenas. Drawing on this framework, we present a research agenda that highlights key topics related to these elements along with theoretical and methodological considerations cutting across them. Our contribution lies in conceptualizing discursive legitimation as a multifaceted and dynamic phenomenon, offering a complementary framework to existing models and paving the way for future studies, and placing discursive strategies—which have been the focus of prior research—in context by highlighting the critical role of key discursive elements in enabling or constraining legitimation processes.
Filial Piety, Intimacy, and Inter-Generational Contract: Understanding the Family Support to Rural Empty-Nest Older Parents in China
Authors: Que Chuanqi , Dai Haijing
Published: February 2024

With massive internal migration and changing family ethics, the increasing empty-nest older parents in rural China faced challenges in receiving family care. While state policies emphasize filial responsibilities in supporting empty-nest older parents, it’s crucial to understand how such family support can be developed. This study explored how filial piety, intimacy, and inter-generational contract might achieve family support to rural empty-nest parents, as well as the interactions between these approaches. Utilizing a sample of 852 rural empty-nest older parents from the 2018 Chinese General Social Survey, we found that inter-generational contract and family intimacy are efficient in achieving family support for these older parents, with filial piety being comparatively less efficient. Moreover, these approaches mutually reinforce each other rather than being contradictory. These findings have policy implications, highlighting the significance of governmental support in facilitating inter-generational exchange and nurturing family intimacy to promote family support within empty-nest families.
Norwegian Biological Parents and Stepparents’ Attitudes Towards Family Obligations in Middle and Old Age
Authors: Sauter Julia
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the associations between the current family structure and the agreement with family obligations in middle and old age. It also tested whether gender differences exist in these associations. Based on research that has observed steprelationships tend to be less close than biological relationships are, it is argued that older individuals who are stepparents have lower agreement with family obligations than their counterparts in biological families have. The analytical sample was drawn from the Norwegian Life Course Ageing and Generation survey and consisted of 5564 individuals aged 50 and older. Findings suggest that individuals who do not have biological children but who are stepparents to their partners’ children agree more with filial obligations and less with parental obligations than biological parents do. The findings extend knowledge on diverse family structures in old age.
Running together influences where you look
Authors: Brenner Eli , Janssen Marit , de Wit Nadia , Smeets Jeroen B.J. , Mann David L. , Ghiani Andrea
Published: February 2024

To read this article, you have to constantly direct your gaze at the words on the page. If you go for a run instead, your gaze will be less constrained, so many factors could influence where you look. We show that you are likely to spend less time looking at the path just in front of you when running alone than when running with someone else, presumably because the presence of the other runner makes foot placement more critical.
Comparative efficacy, quality of life, safety, and tolerability of atogepant and rimegepant in migraine prevention: A matching-adjusted indirect comparison analysis
Authors: Tassorelli Cristina , Onishchenko Kateryna , Halker Singh Rashmi B. , Duan Molly , Dupont-Benjamin Laure , Hemstock Matthew , Voller Corey , McAllister Peter , Nahas Stephanie J. , Gandhi Pranav , Ailani Jessica
Published: February 2024

Background

Comparative evaluations of preventive migraine treatments can help inform clinical decision making for managing migraine in clinical practice.

Methods

An anchored matching-adjusted indirect comparison analysis was conducted using pooled participant-level data from two phase 3 atogepant trials (ADVANCE and PROGRESS) and one phase 2/3 rimegepant trial (BHV3000-305) to evaluate the relative efficacy and safety/tolerability of atogepant and rimegepant as preventive migraine treatments. Participants receiving atogepant 60 mg once daily, rimegepant orally disintegrating tablet 75 mg once every other day, and placebo were included. Only participants meeting the BHV3000-305 inclusion/exclusion criteria were analyzed: ≥6 monthly migraine days and ≤18 monthly headache days at baseline. The primary efficacy assessment of interest was change in monthly migraine days across weeks 1–12.

Results

There were 252 participants in the atogepant group and 348 in the rimegepant group. Across weeks 1–12, atogepant 60 mg demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in mean monthly migraine days compared with rimegepant 75 mg (mean difference [95% CI]: −1.65 [−2.49, −0.81]; p < 0.001). Both atogepant and rimegepant demonstrated similar safety/tolerability profiles.

Conclusion

In this matching-adjusted indirect comparison analysis, oral atogepant 60 mg once daily demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in monthly migraine days compared with rimegepant 75 mg orally disintegrating tablet once every other day.
Traffic Signal Systems Solutions Toolbox: A Case Study from Pennsylvania
Authors: Dobrota Nemanja , Cesme Burak , Gault Stephen , Warchol Shannon , Rahman Rafiur , Rouphail Nagui
Published: February 2024

The selection of the appropriate traffic signal systems solution (e.g., fully actuated [free] control, pretimed control, adaptive traffic signal control, traffic responsive plan) is critical to ensuring efficient traffic operations. The success of any selected solution is largely dependent on corridor characteristics and the nature of the experienced problems on the corridor. In addition, agency capability and constraints (e.g., staffing) along with infrastructure needs (e.g., detection) are other factors that are sometimes overlooked but can be critical during the selection process. So far, researchers have proposed tools, guidelines, and recommendations typically to select a single solution (e.g., adaptive) primarily by observing only corridor operational characteristics. Such practice leaves traffic engineers without an appropriate process/tool that can evaluate whether some other traffic solutions are more appropriate for given conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a comprehensive traffic signal systems solutions toolbox that can incorporate corridor characteristics, operational objectives, agency capabilities, and agency constraints and offer a broad range of signal control strategies as solutions. The developed toolbox relies on data that are readily available to most agencies, such as annual average daily traffic and vehicle probe data, and incorporates a range of factors related to corridor characteristics and agency capabilities and constraints. The toolbox was applied to three corridors in Pennsylvania, U.S. Results from the case studies demonstrated that the toolbox could provide the appropriate recommendations based on unique circumstances. Additionally, the recommended solutions were generally in line with the expectations of agency representatives.
Intimate Partner Violence Risk Factors: A Vulnerability-Adaptation Stress Model Approach
Authors: Brunton Robyn Joy , Dryer Rachel
Published: February 2024

Intimate partner violence (IPV) disproportionally affects women. Using the vulnerability-adaptation stress model, we examined adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), self-esteem, and hope as vulnerability indicators and relationship status and length, positive and negative affect, and socioeconomic status (SES) as stressors to ascertain the risk for IPV. Women ( N = 491, M = 37.15, standard deviation = 12.51) completed an online survey comprised of the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, Rosenberg’s Self-esteem Scale, Snyder’s Hope Scale, ACE questionnaire, Composite Abuse Scale Revised–Short Form, and demographic questions. Factor analysis identified four ACE factors of sexual abuse, physical or psychological abuse, witnessing domestic violence, and household dysfunction. A five-step hierarchical multiple regression identified that greater exposure to physical or psychological child abuse was associated with an increased risk of IPV (Step 2), B = 0.73 [0.16, 1.34]. Lower self-esteem, B = −0.30 [−0.47, −0.14] predicted IPV (Step 3). Age B = 0.07 [0.01, 0.13], negative affect, B = 0.39 [0.19, 0.59], and relationship length, B = −1.24 [−2.16, 0.41] were associated with a higher risk of IPV (Step 4). In Step 5, previous variables attenuated to non-significance while age, B = 0.07 [0.01, 0.13], negative affect, B = 0.39 [0.19, 0.59], and relationship length B = −1.25 [−2.16, 0.41] remained significant. While the key findings of this study were inconsistent with some commonly reported findings (e.g., ACEs, self-esteem, hope, relationship status, SES, age), these inconsistencies are important to highlight given the factorial approach to examining ACEs, the comprehensive analyses conducted, and our examination of these variables’ direct relationship to IPV. The study was limited by its cross-sectional nature, higher prevalence of IPV victims, and not examining IPV sub-types. Similar studies need to be conducted for other relationship types and victimized individuals (e.g., same-sex relationships and male victims) to provide a complete picture of risk factors for IPV.
Relationship Between Maternal Age and Macronutrient Content of Colostrum
Authors: Hochman Virginia Gontijo Abreu , Nascimento Regina Celia Fernandes de Abreu , da Silva Camila Barros Melgaço , Quinderé Pedro Noguchi Aragão , Melo Raquel Ximenes , Velarde Luis Guillermo Coca , Bueno Arnaldo Costa , Vieira Alan Araújo
Published: February 2024

Background:

Little is known about the relationship between maternal age and the macronutrient content of colostrum.

Research Aims:

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between maternal age and human milk macronutrient content by comparing the concentrations of lactose, proteins, and lipids in the colostrum of women with younger, moderate, and advanced maternal age.

Methods:

An observational, cross-sectional study was designed to compare the macronutrient concentrations in the colostrum of women aged < 20 years, 20 to 34 years, and > 34 years (younger, moderate, and advanced maternal age, respectively; n = 33 per group). For each participant, 3 ml of colostrum was collected by manual extraction from the right breast at 10 am, 39–48 hr after delivery, and analyzed using a Miris Human Milk Analyzer. Macronutrient concentrations were compared between the groups using analysis of variance. P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

Mothers with moderate maternal age had a higher colostrum lipid concentration than those with younger or advanced maternal age (2.3 mg, SD = 1.4 mg vs. 1.5 mg, SD = 1.0 mg vs. 1.6 mg, SD = 0.9 mg, respectively; p = 0.007). Lactose and protein contents in the analyzed samples did not differ among the three study groups.

Conclusion:

This study lends support to the potential variation of lipids in colostrum by maternal age and suggests individual adaptation to the nutritional components of milk to the needs of the infant may be beneficial.
Research on wear resistance of conical pick based on bionic dimple structure
Authors: Yan Honghong , Zhang Longbao
Published: February 2024

Heavy equipment such as continuous mining machine and shearer are widely used in coal mining projects, and conical picks are essential cutting tools. The wear resistance of the conical picks directly affects the efficiency and reliability of the equipment. Additionally, when the conical pick cannot rotate properly, severe one-sided wear occurs and accelerates the failure of the conical pick. In this paper, a bionic dimple-structured conical pick is designed, and a mathematical model of the dimple structure is established. The self-rotation and wear resistance characteristics of the Dimple Type Pick (DTP) and the Ordinary Type Pick (OTP) are studied using the discrete element software EDEM and the dynamic analysis software ADAMS. The orthogonal experimental method is used to analyze the friction performance and mechanism of the conical pick surface from aspects such as dimple depth, number, and radius. The results show that the rotational torque of the two types of conical picks increases first and then decreases during the cutting process. The maximum torque of the DTP is 42.67% higher than that of the OTP, which indicates that DTP has better self-rotation performance than OTP. Dimple depth is the main factor affecting DTP wear, followed by the number of dimples, while the impact of dimple radius is minimal. According to the analysis on the response surface, the optimal design parameters of the dimple structure are as follows: the dimple depth is 0.3 mm, the number of dimples is 4, and the radius is 1.5 mm. The wear resistance of the optimized dimple-structured conical pick showed an improvement of 89.82% and 79.04%, compared to the OTP and the DTP. This research provides theoretical and experimental support for the development of wear-resistant and long-life conical picks.
Heat transfer characteristics of the air-oil heat exchanger with spiral tube
Authors: Kou Zhihai , Cao Baolin , Zhang Qi , Li Binbin , Li Guangchao , Yin Xunyan
Published: February 2024

The cooling problem of hot-end components has become an important factor restricting the aero-engine performance, life and reliability. In order to improve the cooling quality of the cooling air, the supercritical aviation kerosene was used as a heat sink to cool the cooling air in a spiral heat exchanger. The flow and heat transfer process of the air-oil heat exchanger with spiral tube were numerically simulated using Fluent software. The flow and heat transfer situation of air and aviation kerosene were analyzed in detail. The optimized spiral heat exchanger with the diaphragm was presented to enhance the heat transfer capacity of the air side. It is found that the heat transfer performance of the air-oil heat exchanger is greatly enhanced by the spiral tube due to the secondary flow effect. With the increase in the turning angle of the spiral tube, the effect of the secondary flow for the heat transfer enhancement is strengthened. The PEC index of the spiral heat exchanger increases with the increase in the air flow rate. The spiral heat exchanger with the diaphragm can effectively improve the heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger, and increase the PEC index of the air side by more than 20%.
Written in Stone: The Medieval Lives of Roman Sarcophagi in Saint-Maximin
Authors: Wyche Romy
Published: February 2024

Roman sarcophagi are some of the most frequently reused objects from the Roman world: whether as spolia for new architectural projects or reused as tombs, as altars or even as flower pots. During the Middle Ages, however, a curious phenomenon emerged, that of the ‘reinvention’ of sarcophagi as tombs of saints. Starting in the eleventh century, a great number of sarcophagi were thought to have been the tombs of saints who had died in Provence during antiquity. The most interesting case in point is the tomb that became associated with Mary Magdalene. In 1279, a late antique tomb with Christian iconography representing New Testament scenes was thought to have been her original tomb. This belief found its origins in an eleventh-century hagiographical life, or vita, that claimed that Mary Magdalene, along with her sister Martha, drifted to Provence after being expelled from the Holy Land and died in the town of Saint-Maximin after having evangelised the region. This essay examines how a tangible thing is reinvented through the lens of a well-disseminated narrative legend.
The role of parental divorce in the later vulnerability to perinatal depression and early parenting stress
Authors: Mc Carthy Drew , Watson Stuart , Galbally Megan
Published: February 2024

Objective

This study will examine the role of childhood experience of parental divorce on later perinatal depression and parenting stress.

Methods

546 women were recruited at less than 20 weeks pregnancy into an ongoing pregnancy cohort study and followed up in pregnancy and the postpartum. Depression at recruitment was measured using the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale repeated in pregnancy and the postpartum. Parenting stress was measured at 12 months postpartum using Parenting Stress Index.

Results

This study found 33% of women had experienced parental divorce. While we did not find a statistically significant relationship between the experience of parental divorce and perinatal depression, there was a higher rate of perinatal depression when parental divorce occured at a younger age. There was no association with parental divorce and parenting stress. Childhood divorce was significantly associated with other adverse childhood experiences.

Conclusions

Our findings did not support an impact of parental divorce on either maternal perinatal depression or on parenting stress, suggesting the experience of parental divorce for children may not inevitably impact their later experiences as parents. Further research on the association with age of parental divorce and later perinatal mental health is warranted.
Relationship Between Acculturation and Mental Health in Korean American Family Caregivers of Community-Dwelling Persons Living with Dementia
Authors: Kim Eunbee A. , Shin Sanghyuk S. , Lee Jung-Ah
Published: February 2024

Despite the growing number of Korean American (KA) family caregivers for persons with dementia, little is known about how acculturation might affect caregiving stress in this population. Acculturation is a variable of considerable interest in caregiving research due to its significance in understanding the impact of cultural perceptions and expectations on the caregiving role and its relation to mental health outcomes. A cross-sectional descriptive study using baseline data from an ongoing randomized controlled trial of dementia caregiver intervention was performed to examine the association between acculturation and mental health outcomes among KA caregivers ( n = 32) for persons with dementia. Self-report survey questionnaires including a bidirectional acculturation scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Zarit Burden Interview were administered in person in English or Korean by trained bilingual community health workers. The primary independent variable, acculturation, was assessed using a 24-item inventory. It measured two sets of cultural orientation: Korean orientation and American orientation. The mean age was 67 years ( SD = 11.8) and 87% were women. Half of the caregivers were spouses of persons with dementia, while the other half were offspring caregivers. In the multiple linear regression model, caregiver acculturation toward Korean cultural orientation had a significant and positive association with depressive symptoms (β = .62; SE = 0.25; p-value = .02) and perceived stress (β = .29; SE = 0.13; p-value = .03) after adjusting for age and self-efficacy. No significant effect of American cultural orientation was found for caregiver burden, perceived stress, or depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest that exploring the role of acculturation in caregiving and its relation to outcomes, particularly caregiver distress, may be valuable for future studies aiming to understand specific elements of cultural values and practices in the acculturation process related to mental health outcomes among immigrant Korean American caregivers.
Longitudinal Speech Outcome at 5 and 10 Years in UCLP: Influence of Speech Therapy and Secondary Velopharyngeal Surgery
Authors: Persson C , Davies J , Havstam C , Søgaard H , Bowden M , Boers M , Nielsen JB , Alaluusua S , Lundeborg Hammarström I , Emborg BK , Sand A , Lohmander A
Published: February 2024

Objective

To investigate speech development of children aged 5 and 10 years with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and identify speech characteristics when speech proficiency is not at ‘peer level’ at 10 years. Estimate how the number of speech therapy visits are related to speech proficiency at 10 years, and what factors are predictive of whether a child's speech proficiency at 10 years is at ‘peer level’ or not.

Design

Longitudinal complete datasets from the Scandcleft project

Participants

320 children from nine cleft palate teams in five countries, operated on with one out of four surgical methods.

Interventions

Secondary velopharyngeal surgery (VP-surgery) and number of speech therapy visits (ST-visits), a proxy for speech intervention.

Main Outcome Measures

‘Peer level’ of percentage of consonants correct (PCC, > 91%) and the composite score of velopharyngeal competence (VPC-Sum, 0–1).

Results

Speech proficiency improved, with only 23% of the participants at ‘peer level’ at 5 years, compared to 56% at 10 years. A poorer PCC score was the most sensitive marker for the 44% below ‘peer level’ at 10-year-of-age. The best predictor of ‘peer level’ speech proficiency at 10 years was speech proficiency at 5 years. A high number of ST-visits received did not improve the probability of achieving ‘peer level’ speech, and many children seemed to have received excessive amounts of ST-visits without substantial improvement.

Conclusions

It is important to strive for speech at ‘peer level’ before age 5. Criteria for speech therapy intervention and for methods used needs to be evidence-based.
Late Again? A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Meeting Lateness Frustration by Punctual Attendees
Authors: Allen Joseph A. , Lehmann-Willenbrock Nale , Landowski Nicole , Rogelberg Steven G. , Lucianetti Lorenzo , Madrid Hector P. , Tong Jiajin
Published: February 2024

Workplace meetings are often used to help accomplish individual, group, team, and organizational goals. Despite the relatively common occurrence of meeting lateness in U.S.-American samples, less is known regarding other cultural contexts. Following Conservation of Resources theory, we expect that employees from different cultures should experience meeting lateness as a legitimate stressor. Cross-cultural theory suggests that organizational practices, understandings, and use of time may be construed differently as a function of power distance and individualism/collectivism orientations. Working adults ( N = 1432) from Chile, China, Italy, Germany, Netherlands, and the USA described how frustrated, irritated, and upset they would be given various scenarios in which the role (meeting leader, colleague) and degree of lateness (5, 10, 15 minutes) of the late arrival were manipulated. Additionally, we found that applying COR theory to meeting lateness served as a valuable framework in examining how lateness is associated with negative effects across our six cultures of interest. The observed cross-cultural differences in the reactions toward others’ lateness appears to be a function of individual interpretation of their cultural context as well as their own individually oriented interests. The data also show that individuals from cultures of larger power distance and collectivist orientations interpret norm violations more negatively, lending themselves to distinct reactions in communicating that lateness is an unacceptable behavior.
Evaluation and Prediction Analysis of 3- and 5-Year Relative Survival Rates of Patients with Cervical Cancer: A Model-Based Period Analysis
Authors: Fan Xiaodong , He Wei , Zhang Qing , Zhang Binjie , Dong Li , Li Li , Liu Xiaochun
Published: February 2024

Background

Cervical cancer remains a threat to female health due to high mortality. Clarification of the long-term trend of survival rate over time and the associated risk factors would be greatly informative to improve the prognosis of cervical cancer patients.

Methods

This retrospective study was based on data extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of the United States. The 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates of patients with cervical cancer during 2002–2006, 2007–2011, and 2012–2016 were analyzed. Period analysis was used to assess the variation in survival rate stratified by age, race, and socioeconomic status during the 15-year study period and then predicted the relative survival rate in the following period from 2017 to 2021.

Results

During 2002–2016, the 3-year relative survival rate of cervical cancer patients increased from 73.1% to 73.5% with a high jump between 2007 and 2011. This upward trend is expected to continue to 74.3% between 2017 and 2021. Patients older than 60 years, black ethnicity, or medium and high poverty status were likely to have a lower relative survival rate.

Conclusion

This study confirmed the increased relative survival rate of cervical cancer patients over years and identified relevant risk factors. Targeted initiatives for elderly and socially underprivileged individuals may be able to mitigate inequality.
Stapled Anastomosis Versus Hand-Sewn Anastomosis With Mucosectomy for Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Postoperative Outcomes, Functional Outcomes, and Oncological Safety
Authors: Chaouch Mohamed Ali , Hussain Mohammad Iqbal , Gouader Amine , Krimi Bassam , Mazzotta Alessandro , Costa Adriano Carneira Da , Petrucciani Niccolo , Bouassida Mehdi , Khan Jim , Noomen Faouzi , Oweira Hani
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare outcomes between stapled ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) and hand-sewn IPAA with mucosectomy in cases of ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis.

Methods

This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis) guidelines 2020 and AMSTAR 2 (Assessing the methodological quality of systematic reviews) guidelines. We included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs). Subgroup analysis was performed according to the indication for surgery.

Results

The bibliographic research yielded 31 trials: 3 RCTs, 5 prospective clinical trials, and 24 CCTs including 8872 patients: 4871 patients in the stapled group and 4038 in the hand-sewn group. Regarding postoperative outcomes, the stapled group had a lower rate of anastomotic stricture, small bowel obstruction, and ileal pouch failure. There were no differences between the 2 groups in terms of operative time, anastomotic leak, pelvic sepsis, pouchitis, or hospital stay. For functional outcomes, the stapled group was associated with greater outcomes in terms of seepage per day and by night, pad use, night incontinence, resting pressure, and squeeze pressure. There were no differences in stool Frequency per 24h, stool frequency at night, antidiarrheal medication, sexual impotence, or length of the high-pressure zone. There was no difference between the 2 groups in terms of dysplasia and neoplasia.

Conclusions

Compared to hand-sewn anastomosis, stapled ileoanal anastomosis leads to a large reduction in anastomotic stricture, small bowel obstruction, ileal pouch failure, seepage by day and night, pad use, and night incontinence. This may ensure a higher resting pressure and squeeze pressure in manometry evaluation.

Protocol Registration

The protocol was registered at PROSPERO under CRD 42022379880.
Design of shock isolator under recoil shock
Authors: Yu Bin , Xie Xin , Ren Guangan , Li Baoyu , Fan Dapeng
Published: February 2024

The shock isolator is used for the protection of important equipment during firing, but due to the complexity of the recoil shock, currently most of them rely on experience for design, other than a more scientific design method. In view of this, this paper analyzes the recoil shock signal, proposes an analytical method to calculate the shock response, and develops a design method of shock isolator for sniper rifle under recoil shock. The reconstructed shock signal is obtained using least squares method, then an analytical calculation method of the response under recoil shock is proposed using the reconstructed waveform and Duhamel integral, the correctness of the analytical method is verified by numerical calculation and experiment. Using the pseudo-velocity shock response spectrum (PVSRS) of recoil shock, and combining with the anti-shock characteristics of protected equipment, a design method of shock isolator for sniper rifle is proposed, and the method is verified by analytical calculation and experiment. This method can provide a basic theoretical basis for the design of shock isolator using on sniper rifle, and can be applied to the design of other similar shock isolators.
Extending the Shadow of Sexual Assault Hypothesis: Fear of Sexual Violence and Hate Crimes among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Persons
Authors: Maher Cooper A. , Pyo Jimin , Hayes Brittany E.
Published: February 2024

Women’s fear has been explained as rooted in fears of sexual assault—a phenomenon known as the shadow of sexual assault hypothesis. The current study extends this hypothesis to examine whether lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons’ fear of hate crimes is shadowed by fears of sexual assault. Results indicate that bisexual and transgender persons express greater fear of hate crimes relative to others. This fear is explained by their fear of sexual assault—supporting the shadow hypothesis for bisexual and transgender persons. Findings suggest the importance of fear of sexual assault in explaining sexual and gender minorities’ fear of hate crimes.