bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medición de las vibraciones del motor utilizando mezclas de combustible de aceite vegetal reciclado y diesel. Un análisis matemático y computacional
Authors: Gutiérrez Marcos
Published: March 2019

Las vibraciones del motor de combustión interna son un indicador de su estabilidad y condición mecánica. Las vibraciones del motor que resultan del movimiento alternativo y giratorio de sus partes también dependen de la calidad del proceso de combustión y las propiedades del combustible. La presente investigación se centra en el efecto de las propiedades y la concentración de la mezcla de combustible de diesel y aceite vegetal reciclado en el nivel de vibración del motor debido al proceso de combustión. Las vibraciones del motor se recopilaron con los acelerómetros de un dispositivo de comunicación móvil, para luego determinar el nivel de vibración resultante del motor y su espectro de frecuencia mediante transformadas de Fourier rápidas. En este procedimiento llevado a cabo con cada uno de los combustibles probados, las propiedades como el número de cetano y el punto de inflamación se encontraron como aquellas que tienen influencia en el nivel de vibración del motor. El propósito de la presente investigación es cuantificar el nivel de vibración producido por diferentes concentraciones de la mezcla de combustible de diesel y aceite vegetal reciclado, dependiendo de sus propiedades y en comparación con el diesel puro. De esto, se concluye que la estabilidad del motor con respecto a su nivel de vibración debido al proceso de combustión, puede controlarse de acuerdo con las propiedades del combustible.
La eficiencia térmica de las mezclas de combustibles reciclados de aceites lubricantes y comestibles
Authors: Gutiérrez Marcos
Published: March 2019

The energy demand increases with the social, industrial and technological requirements, independent of the sources to supply it. More than half of the total energy consumption is supplied by fossil fuels, which can be replaced by alternative and more environmentally friendly fuels. The present research evaluates thermal efficiency, net output work and energy availability from recycled vegetable-animal and synthetic-mineral substances, in a pure state and blended with neat diesel. The calculation uses mainly the heat value of each fuel and the air properties along each stroke of the diesel cycle. The purpose of the present research consists in the evaluation of the thermal efficiency of alternative fuels in functions of the whole engine cycle and not only Stoichiometric the heat value and quantity of each fuel. It was found that the neat fuel from recycled edible sources provides more net output work and is able to perform longer combustions, while the advantage of higher thermal efficiencies using recycled lubricating oil relies on its use as an additive in a blend with neat diesel. The use of alternative and ecological neat fuels of blends is conditioned by the efforts to produce them and by the resulting thermal efficiency, net output work and remaining energetic availability.
Análisis Comparativo del Funcionamiento del Inyector de un Motor CRDI Bajo Diferentes Alturas Geográficas
Authors: Castro Mediavilla Juan José , Gonzáles Torres Marcelo Eduardo
Published: March 2019

La presente investigación inicia indicando los sistemas de inyección diésel convencional y los sistemas de inyección diésel riel común, destacando las ventajas de disminuir el consumo de combustible, el ruido y la reducción de gases contaminantes al medio ambiente. En la parte teórica se describe la composición de los sistemas de combustible de riel común, los diferentes componentes, los actuadores que se analizaron durante las pruebas tanto en la altura como a nivel del mar. Posteriormente se determinó el ciclo de experimentación ajustado a la investigación realizada, se estableció el protocolo de pruebas, ciclo de manejo y lugares a realizar las pruebas. Se muestra el vehículo de pruebas, los equipos de medición que van a ser utilizados y posteriormente se realizan las mediciones con el osciloscopio para la recopilación de datos de las diferentes pruebas realizadas tanto estáticas como dinámicas. El análisis de resultados de las pruebas estáticas muestra datos interesantes sobre el comportamiento del vehículo tanto en la altura como a nivel del mar. El detalle de los oscilogramas nos permite comprender de manera clara el funcionamiento de los  actuadores del sistema riel común.
Aportaciones de las neurociencias a la comprensión de la experiencia psicoterapéutica humanista
Authors: Fernández-Puig Victoria , Farriols Nuria , Segura Jordi
Published: March 2019

Los conocimientos de las neurociencias ofrecen la posibilidad de comprender las propuestas de la psicoterapia humanista desde la perspectiva de la actividad cerebral. Así pues, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar los procesos neuropsicológicos que se activan a lo largo de una sesión de psicoterapia y sus efectos en el bienestar. A partir de las contribuciones de autores reconocidos como Cozolino (2006, 2010), Siegel (2010, 2015) y Grawe (2007) se han estudiado los principales correlatos neuronales promovidos a través de cinco consignas clásicas de una sesión de psicoterapia humanista: a) Experiencia de vínculo terapéutico según Rogers (1951/1981; 1961/2000); b) Indicación de centrar la atención en el aquí y ahora; c) Indicación de no juzgar la vivencia ni a uno mismo; d) Propuesta de experimentar en el aquí y ahora situaciones pendientes de integrar, lo que implica un estado de estrés óptimo; e) Proceso de poner palabras a la experiencia terapéutica. Cada una de estas consignas promueve una actividad cerebral que modifica las conexiones en y entre diversas redes neuronales, principalmente las situadas en amígdala, ínsula, córtex cingulado anterior y cortex prefrontal orbitomedial y dorsolateral. Conocer los procesos neuronales generados a partir de las interacciones psicoterapéuticas es una fuente de información de gran interés para el desarrollo del saber psicoterapéutico.
A Psychoanalytic Reading of Tanure Ojaide’s Poetry
Authors: Awuzie Solomon
Published: March 2019

Psychoanalysis as a literary theory has helped to improve understanding about “human behaviour and human mental functioning.” This is achieved through its perception of the human race as neurotic. However, with its application in poetic interpretation, poetry is perceived as an expression of displaced neurotic conflict: a consoling illusion, symptom, socially acceptable phantasy or substitute gratification. With the psychoanalytic reading of the poetry of Tanure Ojaide, an Anglophone African poet, poetry is understood as an expression of symptoms of the poet’s personal and societal neurotic tendencies. Since our emphasis is on Jungian psychoanalysis, analyzing Ojaide’s poetry through the orbits of the archetypes of Jungian psychoanalysis help to foreground the poetry as a consoling illusion or substitute gratification. Whereas the study reveals that Ojaide’s poetry is dominated by the archetype of the “wounded healer” - a symbol of a wounded personality who also doubles as the needed messiah (the healer), it is depicted that the dominant nature of the archetype of the “wounded healer” is a result of the poet’s experience which is at the centre of his poetic expression.
Continental Perceptions of Englishness, ‘Foreignness’ and the Global Turn — Book Review
Authors: Boyadzhieva Ellie
Published: March 2019

Book Details:
Title: Continental perceptions of Englishness, ‘foreignness’ and the global turn
Author: Audriana Neagu
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 120 pages
ISBN-13: 978-1-4438-9599-6
ISBN-10: 1-4438-9599-7
Published and distributed online http://www.cambridgescholars.com/continental-perceptions-of-englishness-foreignness-and-the-global-turn
Anti-Parker
Authors: Yermolovich Dmitry
Published: March 2019

This paper is a critique of the book “Lewis Carroll in Russia: Translations of Alice in Wonderland 1879–1989” by Fan Parker, Ph.D., which reviews eleven Russian versions of the children’s classic. Detailed analysis of Dr. Parker’s book has led the author to conclude that most of its principal arguments and findings are unsubstantiated, mistaken, biased or inexpert, and that it cannot possibly be seen as a source of authority in literary translation studies.
NATIONAL IDEA AND EDUCATIONAL POLICY
Authors: Nezhyva Olga
Published: March 2019

The national idea is a form of reflection of a nation over the essence and meaning of the existence of its community. It reflects a set of axiological and teleological orientations of national existence. The national idea is formed on the basis of socio-historical traditions, culture, and mentality of the nation and, respectively, thereby influences these factors, acting as a peculiar life-giving consciousness, cultural and historical dynamics of national existence. The modern interpretation of the essence of the national idea is marked by pluralism and the mosaic of perception, which is generally characteristic of the plastic and rapid present. The idea of the scientists of the essence of the national idea is represented by a spectrum of concepts from theoretical nihilism, agnostic pessimism to the perception of the national idea as a certain "philosopher’s stone", "sacred landmark," "magic formula", capable of solving all the existing national problems.
Potensi Tepung Beras Kaya Pati Resisten Sebagai Bahan Pangan Inovatif
Authors: Rozali Zalniati Fonna
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTChanges in lifestyle cause people to demand the availability of functional foods that are ready to eat, nutritious and positive for health as a part of the daily menu. A food ingredient can be said to be functional if it contains components (both nutritional and non-nutritional) which have beneficial physiological effects on the functions of organs in the body. The biological role of resistant starch as an ingredient of functional food is related to the ecology of "good" microbes that live in the large intestine (colon). The use of rice flour as a source of resistant starch is an innovation to utilize broken rice, which can be applied by industries with a wide range of businesses. Modification of rice flour to increase levels of resistant starch can be done physically, chemically, enzymatically or in combination. Each of these production processes will affect the characteristics of the hospital produced. Based on the production process, characteristics, functional values, and alternative uses, rice flour rich in resistant starch has considerable potential to be developed as a functional food product for health.
Peranan Komoditas Tanaman Pangan Unggulan terhadap Kesempatan Kerja dan Pendapatan di Kabupaten Sukoharjo (Analisis Input-Output)
Authors: Tuminem FNU
Published: March 2019

Subsektor tanaman pangan merupakan subsektor yang strategis. Selain menyerap tenaga kerja terbesar dalam  kegiatan produksi, subsektor tanaman pangan juga menghasilkan produk yang menjadi bahan pangan pokok bagi sebagian besar masyarakat Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi komoditas tanaman pangan unggulan dan menganalisis peranan komoditas tanaman pangan unggulan tersebut terhadap kesempatan kerja dan pendapatan di Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Data yang digunakan adalah data produksi komoditas tanaman pangan tahun 2011-2015 Kabupaten Sukoharjo dan Jawa Tengah serta data Tabel Input-Output Kabupaten Sukoharjo Tahun 2012 transaksi total atas dasar harga produsen. Metode analisis menggunakan Location Quotient (LQ), Shift Share Analysis (SSA), dan Input-Output (IO). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa padi, kedelai, dan  kacang tanah merupakan komoditas basis di Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Padi, jagung, dan kedelai tumbuh cepat tetapi hanya padi yang  memiliki daya saing  sehingga menjadi komoditas unggulan di Kabupaten Sukoharjo.  Berdasarkan analisis angka pengganda,  padi memiliki angka pengganda pendapatan tertinggi yaitu sebesar 0,0325 sedangkan  angka pengganda kesempatan kerja padi  peringkat ketiga setelah jagung dan kacang-kacangan.
Exploring the relationship between coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study of secondary prevention among diabetes patients
Authors: Gjelsvik Bjørn , Tran Anh Thi , Berg Tore J , Bakke Åsne , Mdala Ibrahimu , Nøkleby Kjersti , Cooper John G , Claudi Tor , Løvaas Karianne Fjeld , Thue Geir , Sandberg Sverre , Jenum Anne K
Published: March 2019

Background

Coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke are the major causes of death among people with diabetes.

Aim

To describe the prevalence and onset of CHD and stroke among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in primary care in Norway, and explore the quality of secondary prevention.

Design & setting

A cross-sectional study of data was undertaken from electronic medical records (EMRs) of 10 255 patients with T2DM in general practice. The study took place in five counties of Norway (Oslo, Akershus, Rogaland, Hordaland, and Nordland). Quality of care was assessed based on national guideline recommendations.

Method

Summary statistics with adjustments and binary logistic regression models were used.

Results

In total, 2260 patients (22.1%) had CHD and 759 (7.4%) had stroke. South Asians had significantly more CHD than ethnic Norwegians (29.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 26.1 to 33.0 versus 21.5%, CI = 20.6 to 22.3) and other ethnic groups, and experienced onset of CHD or stroke at a mean of 7 years before Norwegians. In 47.9% of the patients, CHD was diagnosed before T2DM. Treatment target for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was reached for 30.0% and for systolic blood pressure (SBP) for 65.1% of the patients with CHD. Further, 20.9% of patients with CHD were present smokers, and only 5.0% of patients reached all four treatment targets (no smoking, HbA1c ≤7.0%, SBP <135 mmHg, LDL-cholesterol <1.8 mmol/l).

Conclusion

The diagnosis of CHD preceded the diagnosis of T2DM in half of the patients. The prevalence of CHD was highest and onset earlier among ethnic South Asians. More intensive treatment of lipids, blood pressure, and smoking are needed in patients with T2DM and CHD.
Synthesis of polydicyclopentadiene using the Cp2TiCl2/Et2AlCl catalytic system and thin-layer oxidation of the polymer in air
Authors: Bazarova Zhargolma B , Soroka Ludmila S , Lyapkov Alex A , Yusubov Мekhman S , Verpoort Francis
Published: March 2019

The polymerization process of dicyclopentadiene using a multicomponent catalytic system based on bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride and diethylaluminum chloride was studied. It was demonstrated that the application of an excess of the aluminum component leads to the formation of stable charged complexes of blue discoloration, which initiate cationic polymerization of dicyclopentadiene. Unstabilized thin layers of obtained polydicyclopentadiene undergo oxidation and structuring under atmospheric oxygen. Oxidation of polydicyclopentadiene films in air occurs slowly during several weeks and can be determined by the increase of carbonyl and hydroxyl adsorption bands in infrared spectra. Along with oxidation, cross-linking processes occur in polymers, which lead to a change in physical parameters of the layers, and more precisely to a decrease in the permeability of atmospheric oxygen through the layers. Consequently, this leads to the transition of the oxidation from a kinetic mode into a diffusive mode. Such structural changes do not occur in a polymer that was stabilized by adding an antioxidant.
A Multifiltering Study of Turbulence in a Large Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Valdarnini R.
Published: March 2019

We present results from a large set of N-body/smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) hydrodynamical cluster simulations aimed at studying the statistical properties of turbulence in the intracluster medium (ICM). The numerical hydrodynamical scheme employs an SPH formulation in which gradient errors are strongly reduced by using an integral approach. We consider both adiabatic and radiative simulations. We construct cluster subsamples according to the cluster dynamical status or gas physical modeling, from which we extract small-scale turbulent velocities obtained by applying different multiscale filtering methods to cluster velocities. The velocity power spectra of nonradiative relaxed clusters are mostly solenoidal and exhibit a peak at wavenumbers set by injection scales ≃r
200/10; at higher wavenumbers, the spectra are steeper than Kolmogorov. Cooling runs are distinguished by much shallower spectra, a feature which we interpret as the injection of turbulence at small scales due to the interaction of compact cool gas cores with the ICM. Turbulence in galaxy clusters is then characterized by multiple injection scales, with the small-scale driving source acting in addition to the large-scale injection mechanisms. Cooling runs of relaxed clusters exhibit enstrophy profiles with a power-law behavior over more than two decades in radius and a turbulent-to-thermal energy ratio ≲1%. In accordance with Hitomi observations, in the core of a highly relaxed cluster, we find a low level of gas motions. In addition, the estimated cluster radial profile of the sloshing oscillation period is in very good agreement with recent Fornax measurements, with the associated Froude number satisfying Fr ≲ 0.1 within r/r
200 ≲ 0.1. Our findings suggest that in cluster cores, ICM turbulence approaches a stratified anisotropic regime, with weak stirring motions dominated by gravity buoyancy forces and strongly suppressed along the radial direction. We conclude that turbulent heating cannot be considered the main heating source in cluster cores.
Modeling Nearly Spherical Pure-bulge Galaxies with a Stellar Mass-to-light Ratio Gradient under the ΛCDM and MOND Paradigms. II. The Orbital Anisotropy of Slow Rotators within the Effective Radius
Authors: Chae Kyu-Hyun , Bernardi Mariangela , Sheth Ravi K.
Published: March 2019

We investigate the anisotropy of the stellar velocity dispersions within the effective radius, R
e, in 24

pure-bulge galaxies, 16 of which are kinematic slow rotators (SRs). We allow the spherical anisotropy parameter β to be radially varying and allow a radial gradient in the stellar mass-to-light ratio (M
⋆/L) through the parameter K introduced earlier. The median anisotropy for SRs depends on K as follows:

with a = 0.19 ± 0.05, b = −0.13 ± 0.07 (ΛCDM) or a = 0.21 ± 0.05, b = −0.26 ± 0.08 (MOND), where β
m refers to the radially averaged quantity. Under the ΛCDM paradigm, this scaling is tied to a scaling of

, where f
DM refers to the dark matter (DM) fraction within a sphere of r =  R
e. For K = 0 (constant M
⋆/L), we obtain radially biased results with

, consistent with previous results. However, marginalizing over 0 < K < 1.5 yields

with

; isotropy is preferred. This isotropy hides the fact that β
m is correlated with kinematic features such as counterrotating cores (CRCs), kinematically distinct cores (KDCs), and low-level velocities (LVs); SRs with LVs are likely to be radially biased, while SRs with CRCs are likely to be tangentially biased, and SRs with KDCs are intermediate. Existing cosmological simulations allow us to understand these results qualitatively in terms of their dynamical structures and formation histories, although there are quantitative tensions. More realistic cosmological simulations, particularly allowing for M
⋆/L gradients, may be required to better understand SRs.
ALMA Spatially Resolved Dense Molecular Gas Survey of Nearby Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies
Authors: Imanishi 今 Masatoshi 西昌俊 , Nakanishi 中 Kouichiro 西康一郎 , Izumi 泉 Takuma 拓磨
Published: March 2019

We present the results of our Atacama Large Millimeter Array HCN J = 3–2 and HCO+
J = 3–2 line observations of a uniformly selected sample (>25) of nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) at z < 0.15. The emission of these dense molecular gas tracers and continuum are spatially resolved in the majority of observed ULIRGs for the first time with achieved synthesized beam sizes of ≲0.″2 or ≲500 pc. In most ULIRGs, the HCN-to-HCO+
J = 3–2 flux ratios in the nuclear regions within the beam size are systematically higher than those in the spatially extended regions. The elevated nuclear HCN J = 3–2 emission could be related to (a) luminous buried active galactic nuclei, (b) the high molecular gas density and temperature in ULIRG’s nuclei, and/or (c) mechanical heating by spatially compact nuclear outflows. A small fraction of the observed ULIRGs display higher HCN-to-HCO+
J = 3–2 flux ratios in localized off-nuclear regions than those of the nuclei, which may be due to mechanical heating by spatially extended outflows. The observed nearby ULIRGs are generally rich in dense (>105 cm−3) molecular gas, with an estimated mass of >109
M
⊙ within the nuclear (a few kpc) regions, and dense gas can dominate the total molecular mass there. We find a low detection rate (<20%) regarding the possible signature of a vibrationally excited (v
2 = 1f) HCN J = 3–2 emission line in the vicinity of the bright HCO+
J = 3–2 line that may be due, in part, to the large molecular line widths of ULIRGs.
A 6.7 GHz Methanol Maser Survey. II. Low Galactic Latitudes
Authors: Yang Kai , Chen Xi , Shen Zhi-Qiang , Li Xiao-Qiong , Wang Jun-Zhi , Jiang Dong-Rong , Li Juan , Dong Jian , Wu Ya-Jun , Qiao Hai-Hua
Published: March 2019

We report the results of our systematic survey for Galactic 6.7 GHz Class II CH3OH maser emission toward a sample of young stellar objects. The survey was conducted with the Shanghai Tianma Radio Telescope (TMRT). The sample consists of 3348 sources selected from the all-sky Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) point-source catalog. We discussed the selection criteria in detail and the detection results of those at high Galactic latitudes (i.e.,

) in a previous paper (Yang et al. 2017). Here, we present the results from the survey of those at low Galactic latitudes, i.e.,

. Of 1875 selected WISE point sources, 291 positions that were actually associated with 224 sources that were detected with CH3OH maser emission. Among them, 32 are newly detected. A majority of the newly detected sources are associated with bright WISE sources. The majority of the detected sources (209/224 = 93.3%) are quite close to the Galactic Plane (

) and lie on the inner spiral arms with positive local standard of rest velocities. The detection rate and the color–color distribution of our detection are all matched with our anticipation. Combining with detections from previous surveys, we compile a catalog of 1085 sources with 6.7 GHz CH3OH maser emission in our Galaxy.
Factors Influencing Career Decisions: Perspectives of Nursing Students in Three Types of Programs
Authors: Larsen Pamala D , McGill Joan S , Palmer Stephanie J
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to describe the effects of motivating factors and characteristics of the nursing profession on students selecting nursing as a career. Students from three types of programs in North Carolina (N = 495) were asked to complete a survey during the first month of their nursing program. Motivating factors influencing the decision to become a nurse were past experience with a loved one or self being ill and/or hospitalized, past health care work experience, and having a family member or friend who was a nurse. Characteristics about the nursing profession influencing career decisions were care and concern for others, job security, and variety of work settings. None of the motivating factors nor characteristics of the nursing profession differed among students from each program type. Data from this survey can be used to developed appropriate recruitment strategies for each program type.
Secure Data Deduplication on Cloud Storage
Authors: Mishra Shivansh , Singh Surjit
Published: March 2019

Deduplication is the process of removing duplicate data by storing only one copy of the original data and replacing the others simply as a reference to the original. When data is stored on cloud storage, client-side deduplication helps in reducing storage and communications overheads both from the client as well as the server perspective. Secure deduplication is the practice by which the data stored on the cloud is secured from external influences such that the clients maintain the privacy of their data, and the server also gets to take advantage of deduplication. This is done by encrypting the data using different schemes into ciphertext, which makes sense only to the original client. The schemes created for secure deduplication on cloud storage provide a solution to the problem of duplication detection in encrypted ciphertext. This chapter provides a brief overview of secure deduplication used on cloud storage along with the issues encountered during its implementation. The chapter also includes a literature review and comparison of some deduplication techniques.
A Novel Task Scheduling Algorithm in Heterogeneous Cloud Environment Using Equi-Depth Binning Method
Authors: Pradhan Roshni , Dash Amiya Kumar
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing is modern tool for large-scale distributed computing and parallel processing. It has become a growing technology to deliver highly scalable service to the user. Task scheduling is one of the essential strategies to expeditiously utilize the potential of heterogeneous computing systems. In heterogeneous framework mapping, a task to a machine is a NP complete problem. This issue can be comprehended just utilizing heuristic approach. There are various heuristic approaches that were proposed to deal with scheduling of independent tasks. Different scheduling measures can be utilized for measuring the potency of scheduling algorithms. The most essential of them are makespan, flow-time, and overall resource utilization. Cloud generally is a single machine or combination of machines. Applications in the form of set of tasks are processed by the cloud.
Fog-Cloud Collaboration for Real-Time Streaming Applications
Authors: Nair Biji , Bhanu S. Mary Saira
Published: March 2019

Real-time streaming applications (RTSAs) generate huge volumes of temporally ordered, infinite, continuous, high speed data streams demanding both real-time and long-term data analytics. Fog computing is a reliable solution for processing and analyzing real-time streaming data as it offers low latency, location-aware, geographically distributed service at fog node and provides long-term services at the cloud data center (DC). This chapter addresses the challenge of coordinating the fog nodes and cloud for efficient processing of real-time streaming data in motion and at rest. The fog-cloud collaboration framework proposed in this chapter employs data stream management system (DSMS) schema at the fog node for real-time stream data processing and response generation. The data representation in micro-clusters at fog node and macro-clusters at DC facilitates accurate data analytics. The coordination between fog node and DC is through local ontology and global ontology respectively.
Security Mechanisms in Cloud Computing-Based Big Data
Authors: Krishna Addepalli V. N. , M. Balamurugan
Published: March 2019

In the existent system, data is encrypted and stored when passed to the cloud. During any operations on the data, it is decrypted and then the computation is done. This decrypted data is vulnerable and prone to be misused. After the computations are done, the data and the result are encrypted and stored back in the cloud. This creates an overhead to the system as well as increases time complexity. With this chapter, the authors aim to reduce the overhead of the systems to perform repeated encryptions and decryptions. This can be done by allowing the computations to happen directly on the encrypted text. The result obtained by performing computations on encrypted data will be the same as the ones done on the original plain text. This new security solution is fully fit for processing and retrieval of encrypted data, effectively leading to the broad applicable project, the security of data transmission, and the storage of data. The work is secured further with additional concepts like probabilistic and time stamp-based encryption processes.
Home Automation and Security System Using Internet of Things
Authors: Kushwah Mahesh , Rani Rajneesh
Published: March 2019

The internet of things (IoT) is viewed as something that connects everyday objects like smart TV and smart phones. Automation is the future of human civilization. It's like operating various devices and machinery with minimum or no human intervention. In this chapter, home appliances and other electronic devices are proposed to be controlled over internet with the help of website or smartphone. Speech recognition technology has been implemented in this chapter which will help complete or partially visually impaired people or persons with physical disability. Smart CCTV concept has been developed in this chapter which will allow to operate the web camera whenever it detects motion and sleep at other times which will save energy as well as storage unlike current CCTV scenario. Also, smart CCTV captures images and video footage and provides the real-time status of the place via a registered email address, website, and mobile app. If you are outside, you can check the status of your home and be in line with it, and you will activate the home appliances from the web site and through speech.
Post-Deployment Energy-Efficient Schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Pachlor Rohit , Shrimankar Deepti
Published: March 2019

Once wireless sensor networks are deployed, they are expected to work autonomously for a long time. However, the limited energy of sensor nodes is the main constraint in achieving it. Therefore, to increase the overall lifetime of sensor networks, the sensors must use their limited energy source in an energy-efficient manner. In wireless sensor networks, logical topologies play a significant role in ensuring various constraints such as effective use of limited resources, bandwidth utilization, latency, and quality of communication. In this chapter, the authors discuss three famous energy-efficient topologies of sensor networks that minimize the overall energy consumption during the communication process. These topologies are cluster, chain, and tree-based. The authors highlight the design issues of each topology and discuss the benefits of each topology over other topology. The focus of the chapter will be more on cluster-based rather than chain and tree as it is widely used compared to the chain and tree-based topologies for energy-efficient communication.
Key Management in WSN Security
Authors: Ahlawat Priyanka , Dave Mayank
Published: March 2019

To create a secure communication among the sensor nodes, a key establishment scheme is very important. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are usually left unattended and thus may attract the adversary to launch several attacks to the network operation. The exposure of the key during a node capture may disturb a large part of network communication. If there is a reliable, efficient, and secure KMS, disruption in the network to such an extent may not occur during a node capture attack. Several researchers have presented several key agreement schemes, but still the area is open to design an efficient attack resistant KMS. Sometimes, during the design of security protocols, the assumptions taken for the adversary behavior in sensor field may not reflect their actual behavior of the adversary in sensor field making these schemes less feasible in many real-world WSN applications. This chapter first discusses the challenges and security requirements, node capture attacks, its impact on the network, and some open issues of KMS solutions to this problem.
Capacitated Graph Theoretical Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks Towards Internet of Things
Authors: Ileri Can Umut , Yigit Yasin , Arapoglu Ozkan , Evcimen Hüseyin Tolga , Asci Mustafa , Dagdeviren Orhan
Published: March 2019

Main components of internet of things such as wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are generally modeled as graphs. Matching, dominating set, spanning tree, and vertex cover are fundamental graph theoretical structures which are widely used to solve backup assignment, clustering, backbone formation, routing, link monitoring, and other important problems in WSNs. Capacitated versions of these graph theoretical problems restrict at least one feature of the original problem such as a capacity value assignment to restrict the number of cluster member that a cluster head can serve in capacitated dominating set problem, limiting the number of nodes in each subtree connected to the root in capacitated minimum spanning tree problem, etc. The general aim of these operations is to provide energy efficiency by balancing the load evenly across the nodes. In this chapter, the authors introduce important capacitated graph theoretical problems and explain both central (sequential) and distributed algorithms for constructing these structures. The operations of the algorithms are demonstrated by sample topologies.
Designing and Analysis of Antenna Using Back Propagation Network
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Vijay Ritu , Singh Surjit
Published: March 2019

This chapter deals with the designing of an antenna using computational intelligence algorithm (i.e., ANN). An artificial neural network (ANNs) based on back propagation network (BPN) is demonstrated for the designing of an antenna. Initially, the ANN is trained with an adequate number of samples. Once the ANN is trained, it can be used to get antenna parameters corresponding to specific antenna dimensions. The antenna parameters obtained using ANN is compared with the results taken by Ansoft HFSS.
Beyond Button Smashing
Authors: Yi Sherry
Published: March 2019

This chapter is a literature review on synchronous learning in science classrooms primarily focused on the video game Minecraft (MC). The author argues that video games can and have been used as synchronous learning tools and as a means of live communication in the classroom. First, the author briefly discusses the historical foundations that has led to the modern video game industry to what it is today. Second, uses of MC and other video games in science classrooms are reviewed. This chapter also provides practical advice to education practitioners on ways to utilize video games and available lesson plans as a tool in science classrooms and offers researchers valuable insight on using video games as a means of expanding on their own research interests and projects.
Improving Involvement Through Interaction in Synchronous Teaching/Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Seifert Tami
Published: March 2019

The chapter investigates methods for the implementation of synchronous teaching with lecturers and students in a teacher education college and discusses the importance of training for lecturers and teachers working with this medium. Additionally, the chapter relates to the planning of synchronous learning and teaching in various online environments for different purposes and shaping of the synchronous teaching-learning space. The findings presented here, are part of an ongoing effort to clarify how to provide an optimal student-centered environment in synchronous online learning platforms. Recognizing the advantages/disadvantages of synchronous teaching and its contribution can help teachers to exploit this media means optimally when planning teaching. Facilitators choose different technologies and teaching practices to develop and moderate learning activities. These are just some of the decisions that impact the role of teachers and administrators. As the technologies they use evolve, so ongoing research can assist understanding of the teacher's role in distance education.
The Application of Electrophysical Effects in the Processing of Agricultural Materials
Authors: Budnikov Dmitry , Vasiliev Alexey Nikolaevich , Vasilyev Alexey Alekseevich , Morenko Konstantin Sergeevich , Mohamed Ihab S. , Belov Aleksandr
Published: March 2019

Crop production is largely associated with a number of external factors that affect productivity, quality, and cost of production. A significant part of the cost (20-40%) occurs on post-harvest processing, storage, and preparation for feeding. These processes include drying, decontamination, steaming, micronisation, etc. The chapter describes the electrotechnology impacts and their use in processes of grain processing. The chapter deals with the classification of electrophysical methods of influence, correlated with the processes in which they can be applied. It describes the required levels of exposure and the resulting values of productivity, intensity, and other parameters, qualitatively describing the specific processes. The factors which can positively affect grain production include the use of ozone, ions, infrared, and microwave fields.
Theoretical Prerequisites for Subsurface Broadcast Seeding of Grain Crops in the Conditions of Pneumatic Seed Transportation to the Coulters
Authors: Senkevich Sergey , Ivanov Pavel Aleksandrovich , Lavrukhin Pavel Vladimirovich , Yuldashev Zarifdzhan
Published: March 2019

Only 30-40% of the plant productivity potential is realized in crop production technologies, which leads to a situation where the growth of field yields lags behind the growth of production costs. Increasing the realization of the productivity potential of cultivated plants is a way to improve the efficiency of the crop industry. The task of sowing machines is the uniform placement of seeds on the field area, while plants get their living space and, accordingly, form a crop. The practice of using such working bodies has shown that to achieve the necessary seeding regimes under the coulter elements, the use of additional sources of kinetic energy is required.
Control and Optimized Management of Grain Drying in Forced-Aerated Bins
Authors: Vasiliev Alexey Nicolaevich , Vasiliev Alexey Alexeevich , Budnikov Dmitry , Tikhomirov Dmitry , Ospanov Asan Bekeshovich
Published: March 2019

In the chapter, both informational and system-based approaches have been applied to the analysis of grain drying process as an interaction of two systems, namely, “drying agent” and “grain layer.” It made it possible to evaluate the information content of the process. Analytic expression has been obtained for grain layer informational entropy variations which enabled to make the conclusion that an adequate physical description of grain drying process has to include ambient air parameters control, as well as that of drying agent's parameters in its exit out of a grain layer, as well as parameters of both drying agent and grain in one point of grain layer. A mathematical model of heat-and-moisture exchange in dense grain layer has to be applied. As a result of modeling, it has been proved that the sensors of both drying agent and grain parameters have to be located at a distance of 10 to 11 cm from the central cylinder of the forced-aerated drying bin.
The Magnetic Treatment of Water Solutions and Seeds of Agricultural Crops
Authors: Kozyrskyi Volodymyr , Zablodskiy Mykola , Savchenko Vitaliy , Sinyavsky Oleksandr , Yuldashev Rauf , Kalenska Svitlana , Podlaski Sławomir Zbigniew
Published: March 2019

The reclamation of new areas and distant lands with limited energy and material resources demands using resource- and energy-saving technologies. One of such technologies can be magnetic treatment of irrigating water and artificial manure solutions, and presowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops in magnetic field. The authors found that magnetic field accelerates the velocity of chemical reactions, enhances salts and fertilizers solvability, and increases oxygen concentration in a solution. Magnetic field improves membrane cells permeability which accelerates molecules and ions diffusion through it. This process improves the ability of a seed to absorb water and increases the concentration of oxygen in a cell. Presowing treatment of seeds increases their ability of germination by 26–50%, sprouting by 20–30%. The best regime of water solutions and seeds of agricultural crops treatment in magnetic field is when magnetic induction is 0.065 Tl and the velocity of a solution is 0.4 m/s.
Control of Advanced Fodder Disinfection in Terms of Economic Criteria
Authors: Dubrovin Alexandr
Published: March 2019

Upon long-term storage, germinated grain with 50-60% humidity begins to mold and rot. Therefore, it should be fed off to livestock as soon as possible after its germination. To extend storage life of germinated grain, it is necessary either to dry it to 14% relative humidity, or to carry out its disinfection. Grain forms the basis of combined fodder in agriculture. Some technological solutions are available to provide fodder disinfection optimized in technological or economic terms, as well as rational energy use, including disinfection by high-speed electron bunches, ultra-high frequency electric waves, combined IR and conductive (contact) electric heating, and toxic ozone gas. There also exists a similar solution for fodder premises disinfection through controlling excessive pressure of their internal air. In control by technological (production) criterion, the mode of minimal integrated cost of calculated loss of quality (expenditures) of products being disinfected (fodder) is determined, so the highest livestock productivity in the current context is obtained.
Culturally Responsive Teaching and Inclusion for Online Students With Exceptionalities and Other Needs
Authors: Williams York
Published: March 2019

Teaching learning-diverse students, English learners (Els), and students with disabilities has become of paramount importance as it relates to each unique student's need, directed by an Individual Education Plan (IEP), 504, English Language Plan, and related services, especially for those students served primarily under the Individual Disabilities Education Act. The students' unique cultural and familial needs also become important used to promote achievement in both the F2F and online educational setting, inclusive of multiple intelligences (MI), learning styles, and appropriate differentiated instruction. As such, the purpose of this chapter is to examine the learners and the diversity that they bring to the online learning community so that instructors may prepare culturally responsive and inclusive pedagogy and online universally designed learner-centered (UDLC) and differentiated practices that include them beyond their disability or exceptionality and to become culturally responsive instructional leaders (CRIL).
Strategies to Support Teachers in Designing Culturally Responsive Curricula in Online Learning Environments
Authors: Nussli Natalie , Guan Yi , Oh Kevin
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this theoretical chapter is to identify strategies that help educators develop online learning curricula to meet the needs of culturally diverse students. The first part of this chapter offers insights into culturally responsive teaching (CRT) from multiple perspectives. Specifically, the authors explore the importance of CRT in teacher education programs, how to evaluate teachers' cultural competencies, how to initiate the transformation process into culturally responsive educators, how teachers perceive the value of CRT programs, what pre-service and novice teachers typically struggle with in their attempts to teach diverse student populations, and how students perceive cultural diversity. The second part of the chapter is dedicated to an in-depth discussion of practical approaches to developing culturally responsive online curricula for both 2D and 3D learning environments, how to prepare faculty to meet the needs of diverse students in online courses, and how to stimulate pre-service teachers' reflections on CRT.
Supporting Millennials in Adult and Community Education Settings
Authors: Bishop Jonathan
Published: March 2019

This chapter investigates the views of parents and guardians of Millennials who took part in a clicks-and-mortar adult and community education project based around learning about local heritage and expressing understanding of it through digital and mixed media collages. Issues considered range from the built environment, with the project taking place in various settings, from community centers to church hall, through to online issues, where a dedicated resource separated from the rest of the internet was developed for exploratory learning. Parents and guardians express how they think the needs of Millennials should be taken into account in the provision of education and community activity. The chapter concludes that there are many community resources available for Millennials, but the coordination of their use is the barrier preventing Millennials having the experience of previous generations that had fulfilled teenage years.
Care and Cultural Responsiveness of Online College Courses
Authors: Heitner Keri L. , Sherman Kenneth C. , Jennings Miranda E.
Published: March 2019

The chapter is a review and critique of the appropriateness of current approaches and a sample of current criteria used to evaluate the quality of online courses at the postsecondary level and care and cultural responsiveness. Based on the review, the authors suggest modifications of existing criteria and additional criteria appropriate to assessing and evaluating care and cultural responsiveness of online courses. The chapter concludes with suggestions for best practices for applying these preliminary criteria and suggestions for further research.
Challenges to Implementing STEM Professional Development From an Ecological Systems Perspective
Authors: Wolfe Zora M.
Published: March 2019

This chapter provides insights to common barriers to conducting STEM professional development in an urban setting. The chapter will illustrate the complexity of integrating changes to STEM teaching practices from a systems perspective, from the lens of a researcher-practitioner conducting an 18-month study of professional development in a K-8 school in a metropolitan, public school setting. Specific challenges along themes related to the classroom level, the school level, and the district level will be discussed. Finally, the chapter concludes with implications and suggestions for future professional development providers, and schools and district leaders who are considering implementing instructional and curricular change related to STEM education.
The Use of Instructional Coaching and Analogy to Enhance STREAM Professional Development for Teacher Quality Improvement
Authors: Wilson Jr. Otto Carl , Armstrong Seidah
Published: March 2019

The design, implementation, and continuous improvement of professional development (PD) is a key component to address inherent challenges in helping our urban schools achieve their full potential for STREAM (STEM with integrated reading and arts) learning. While there are many types of PD, instructional coaching is one of the most promising strategies that can address both teacher and student needs on multiple levels. The DC FUSION STREAM PD Consortium was formed in 2017 with initial seed funding from the US Department of Education's Teacher Quality Improvement Grant Program. In this chapter, key aspects of the DC FUSION STREAM PD Consortium are described in the context of analogies for enhanced STREAM PD and how a broader view and implementation of instructional coaching can be used to transform teacher practice and effectiveness and elevate student achievement.