bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motto: Representing Motifs in Consensus Sequences with Minimum Information Loss
Authors: Wang Mengchi , Wang David , Zhang Kai , Ngo Vu , Fan Shicai , Wang Wei
Published: August 2020

Sequence analysis frequently requires intuitive understanding and convenient representation of motifs. Typically, motifs are represented as position weight matrices (PWMs) and visualized using sequence logos. However, in many scenarios, in order to interpret the motif information or search for motif matches, it is compact and sufficient to represent motifs by wildcard-style consensus sequences (such as [GC][AT]GATAAG[GAC]). Based on mutual information theory and Jensen-Shannon divergence, we propose a mathematical framework to minimize the information loss in converting PWMs to consensus sequences. We name this representation as sequence Motto and have implemented an efficient algorithm with flexible options for converting motif PWMs into Motto from nucleotides, amino acids, and customized characters. We show that this representation provides a simple and efficient way to identify the binding sites of 1156 common transcription factors (TFs) in the human genome. The effectiveness of the method was benchmarked by comparing sequence matches found by Motto with PWM scanning results found by FIMO. On average, our method achieves a 0.81 area under the precision-recall curve, significantly (P-value < 0.01) outperforming all existing methods, including maximal positional weight, Cavener’s method, and minimal mean square error. We believe this representation provides a distilled summary of a motif, as well as the statistical justification.
Escala para medir la concentración de los sectores de la economía mexicana mediante el coeficiente de Zipf
Authors: Hernández Oliva Juan Josué , Alcaraz Vargas Jorge Luis , Mansilla Corona Ricardo Lino
Published: August 2020

Este artículo demostró que la distribución de las ventas, la utilidad neta, los activos y el número de empleados de las quinientas empresas más grandes de México siguen la ley de Zipf. Luego de calcular los coeficientes de Zipf para el periodo de 2006 a 2017, estos fueron usados para crear una escala que mide tres distintos niveles de intensidad de competencia entre empresas, en seis sectores de la economía mexicana. Esta escala indica cuándo el sector está concentrado y cuándo se favorece la creación o destrucción de empresas. También se encontró el principio de Pareto en el comportamiento de las variables estudiadas.
Breaking Say’s law in a simple market economy model
Authors: Ortiz Quevedo Carlos Humberto , Castillo Rentería Rodrigo
Published: August 2020

This paper analyses a multi-sector market economy where preferences are non-homothetic and satiable. Capital and labour are the production factors. Food and manufactured goods are produced with a constant-returns-to-scale technology and an increasing-returns-to-scale technology, respectively. Results include: an original capital accumulation process is required for manufacturing industrialization to take place, a minimum market size is needed for the economy to operate, and capital property concentration diminishes aggregate demand. Full general equilibrium is possible for intermediate degrees of capital concentration, but the price system collapses under high degrees as an economy regulator, labour unemployment is unavoidable, and a minimum wage is justified to enhance economic activity.
Pobreza y desigualdad en Ecuador: modelo de microsimulación de beneficio fiscal
Authors: Varela Enriquez Amílcar Marcelo
Published: August 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar Ecuamod, el modelo de microsimulación de beneficios fiscales para Ecuador. Un modelo de microsimulación estática que combina reglas detalladas de política de país con microdatos representativos de la Encuesta nacional de ingresos y gastos de hogares urbanos y rurales (Enighur 2011-2012) para simular derechos de beneficios en efectivo, impuesto sobre la renta personal y pasivos de cotización a la seguridad social, así como IVA e impuestos especiales para el periodo de 2011 a 2017. Se analiza la importancia relativa de los componentes de los beneficios fiscales en la distribución del ingreso y el efecto de los instrumentos de impuestos sobre la pobreza y la desigualdad de los ingresos.
Los ferrocarriles suburbanos europeos: enfoque económico sobre el nuevo entorno general y operativo
Authors: Martín Urbano Pablo , Ruiz-Rúa Aurora , Sánchez Gutiérrez Juan Ignacio
Published: August 2020

Este artículo pretende destacar los principales cambios ocurridos en los ferrocarriles suburbanos como resultado de los procesos liberalizadores emprendidos por la Unión Europea (UE) en las últimas décadas. Para ello, en primer lugar, realiza un recorrido por los principales beneficios inducidos de este modo de transporte en las ciudades europeas, en clave social, económica, territorial y medioambiental. A continuación, analiza las transformaciones más destacables que han tenido lugar en el marco operativo de los ferrocarriles suburbanos europeos, desde la perspectiva de la prestación del servicio, la gestión de la infraestructura y la explotación del material móvil.
Phytotechnology applied to municipal wastewater treatment on irrigated fields of Gdansk (Poland) (1872-1992)
Authors: Kowalik Piotr , Suligowski Ziemowit
Published: August 2020

By I 863 the population of Gdansk was about I 00000 people and the water consumption waspredicted on the level of 100 litres per person a day, which meant about 10000 m3/day ofwastewater. The water supply and sewerage systems were completed in I 869-1871 and thewastewater treatment plant built in I 872 (it was situated 3 km from the city), The wastewatertreatment plant consisted of the 320 ha of the irrigation fields of Sianki, These fields werenever used for agriculture. Sand dunes were levelled and ditches were constructed on 2 levels.Ditches on the upper level received wastewater, while those at the lower level served to draintreated wastewater. From the upper ditches wastewater was distributed to flood and irrigatesandy soils covered by grass. The hydraulic load was above 3000 mm per year in I 872,increasing year after year and ending with 8000 mm per year in 1972. Efficiency of pollutionremoval was 80%, The irrigation fields on sandy dunes served well until the 1970s, when theplant was overloaded, neglected and included into the industrial area of harbour. Fields werecovered by grass monoculture for hay production of couch-grass (Agrophyrum repens). In thelocations of local sedimentation of sewage sludge the monoculture of nettle (Urtica) wasdeveloped. Due to the poor management, more and more wastewater was flowing on thesurface of the fields, instead of infiltrating and percolating through the sandy soil, whichreduced their purification efficiency from 80 to 10%. During the period of 1992-1994 theplant was closed after 120 years of continuous use.
Constructed wetland systems in the UK - the CWA database resource
Authors: Randerson Peter , Cooper Paul
Published: August 2020

There are now believed to be more than 1,200 Constructed Wetland systems (CWs) in theUK. The Constructed Wetland Association (CWA) was formed in 1999 by a group ofexperienced, reputable designers and constructors to bring together best UK practice. CWA isnow responsible for a database of design and performance relating to a range of systems (bedtypes and applications), which now contains information from more than 1,000 beds. CWAmembers are encouraged to contribute data to the database, which has been updated 9 timessince it was first created in 1999. Most of these sites treat sewage/domestic wastewater but thedatabase also includes examples of systems for the treatment of minewater, sludge, landfillleachate, industrial effluents, surface runoff and road runoff. Particular treatment applicationsare illustrated by Case Studies, summary articles describing design, construction andperformance, For beds with data on influent and effluent concentrations and flow rates, theuser can fit four alternative models, to derive reaction rate constants (K), enabling somedegree of quantitative comparison of the pollutant reduction performance for different systemdesigns. Access to the database is the main benefit of CWA membership: new members fromoutside UK are welcome (www.constructedwetland.org).
Use of vermicomposting biotechnology in recycling fly-ash for agricultural use
Authors: Bhattacharya S.S. , Chattopadhyay G.N.
Published: August 2020

Numerous coal fired plants operating in different parts of the world produce huge amount offly-ash every year. Such large scale generation of this waste material poses several problems,the most important ones being environmental pollution and occupation of large areas of landfor storage and disposal. Hence, the urgent and imperative needs to overcome these problemsthrough not only safe disposal but also gainful utilization of these materials cannot probablybe overemphasized. Among various uses of fly-ash, its application to agricultural soils hasshown encouraging results in many countries owing to the fact that the waste contents manyessential plant nutrients in varying concentrations. However, the major problem of recyclingfly-ash in agriculture is that most of the nutrient elements in this waste material remainlargely in insoluble forms and hence do not become available to plants in requiredconcentrations. Under this context, use of fly-ash along with organic materials appears to bean effective proposition. In view of high efficiency of vermicomposting biotechnology inincreasing the pace of the composting process and also in encouraging higher availability ofdifferent nutrients with the help of epigeic earthworms, a series of studies were carried out toassess the possibility of improving the usability of fly-ash in agriculture in combination withorganic wastes through adoption of vermicomposting. The results of the investigation showedvermicomposting to increase the availability of different major and micro nutrients in fly-ash.On farm trials carried out on use of vermicomposted fly-ash and organic wastes showed useof 15 ton per hectare of vennicomposted fly-ash to result in significant yield increments inpotato cultivation. This also reduced the application of 40% of mineral fertilization for thiscultivation.
Waste to energy: investigation, technologies and evaluation system
Authors: Gongming Zhou , Xulu Zhai , Dezhen Chen
Published: August 2020

Supported by the on going project on "Sustainable Solid Waste Landfill Management in Asia" under the Asian Regional Research Programme on Environmental Technology funded by Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency and Coordinated by Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand, a combined waste-to-energy (WTE) process has been developed in China. In this research two fresh and five aged municipal solid wastes (MSW) samples were investigated and characterized. Based on the analysis of results, suggestions were proposed for the proper WTE system with aged MSW from dumpsites and landfills and fresh MSW considered together. The WTE process included hierarchy of recycling plastics from fresh MSW as raw material and recycling combustibles from aged MSW as RDF. To recycle the plastics from fresh MSW, separation and purification system have been set up and their energy consumption was counted.Two analysis tools including life cycle assessment (LCA) and cost benefit analysis (CBA) have been adopted for the WTE system evaluation. Based on the necessary data collected during investigation process, LCA was carried out for RDF production from aged MSW and utilization in fresh MSW incinerator; and CBA was performed for plastics recycling from fresh MSW; good results have been obtained from those evaluations suggested the proposed WTE processes are promising.
Microbial characterization of solid waste
Authors: Hossain Eftekhar , Chowdhury Emran
Published: August 2020

Segregation of solid waste at source is not a common practice in Bangladesh. Nonsegregation of solid waste creates threat to surrounding environment To identify the possiblethreat, leachates were collected from different sources viz. household bin, Dhaka citycorporation (DCC) bin, hospital waste bin and dumping ground; and analyzed for microbialcharacterization. High concentration of total coliform (9.0x I 04 -1.1 x I 08 CFU/100ml) andfecal coliform (5.0xl04-6.0xl07 CFU/I00mL) were obtained in all samples, Nematodes werefound in DCC bin (5200 No/L) and dumping ground (5600 No/L) samples. Protozoa andSalmonella spp/Shigella spp. were not found in any sample. However, Pseudomonas spp waspresent in the leachates of household bin, DCC bin and dumping ground.
Assessing the risk of contaminant spreading through sediment production in a tropical environment
Authors: Pal Indrani , Al-Tabbaa Abir
Published: August 2020

Agricultural sites have been of great concern for decades due to rainfall-induced soildetachment and transport of sediment materials, and their associated chemicals and/ornutrients, away from those sites during wet days resulting in significant environmentalproblems. The same phenomena could also be expected from bare contaminated site exposedfor a long time before remediation. Exposed topsoil material which is disturbed by variousland operations is much more prone to erosion. All of these problems are more pronouncedwhen such land is situated in a tropical environment and especially during rainy seasons. Thisis because tropical storms are quite intense in nature, frequent and variable. Hence,contaminated sites in those regions should be given the same importance as agricultural landwhen addressing problems resulting from soil erosion. This paper attempts to highlight suchproblems through studying the impact of tropical monsoon data collected from India on therisk of soil erosion which could also be relevant to assessing risk of contaminant spreadingfrom surface soil through erosion and transportation of the detached material to downstream.The most well known and most frequently used soil loss model, the Revised Universal SoilLoss Equation 2 (RUSLE2), was used for that purpose. It was found that soil erosion in thisregion is very high and does go far beyond the threshold suggested by the USDA and that theerosion process is very much sensitive to the climatological variabilities.
Discharge of organic and biogenic substances from small rivers of Kaliningrad region in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Bernikova Tatiyana , Malyavkina Anna , Nagornova Nadejda
Published: August 2020

The Pregolja and the Neman (its basin is situated within four states) rivers are the largestsources of load on the Vistula (Kaliningrad) and the Curonian lagoons from KaliningradRegion, Complex ecological researches of the small rivers were accomplished in 1993-1999,besides the hydrological data bank was replenished due to researches in June 200 I-July 2006,Analysis of monthly average has shown that the load from each studied river (with rareexception only) is directly proportional to size of the basin and to the total average runoffThe condition of these rivers reflects the ecological situation in the significant river waterregime phase area, Hydrochemical parameters reflect a present picture of pollution andsaprobiological parameters characterize a situation in the reservoir for some period of timeinterval before researches, The load from the river is connected with the phases of the riverflow regimes substantially and its different parameters can increase or decrease in accordancewith the changes of underground and superficial nutrition ratio and with the seasonalprevalence of the hydrobionts' vital functions.Thus, one of the criteria for estimating the ecosystem pollution may be the limit; load fromthe river is higher which ceases to be than the exceeding, this means that the load from river isnot proportional to the area of its reservoir, i.e. the river practically looses ability toautopurification.Specific load, i.e. monthly average load from the area unit of the river basin was calculatedand analyzed, The results have estimated the contribution of each river eutrophication of thereceiving water, In particular, load from the Mamonovka and the Prokhladnaya river (theirbasins are partly located in the territory of Poland) concerning the majority of riverparameters was in several times (sometimes in multiple and more) higher than the otherrivers. It was revealed, that the load from the river was substantially connected with anddifferent parameters can increase or decrease pursuant to changes in ratio betweenunderground and surface recharge and seasonality of.
Disturbance and recovery of vegetation at the sites of nuclear accidents in arctic Yakutia
Authors: Koroleva Tatjana , Petrovsky Vladislav , Khitun Olga
Published: August 2020

Two peaceful underground nuclear explosions conducted in the middle of 1970-s in theMiddle Siberia were followed by accidental release of radionuclides into the atmosphere. Thecondition of vegetation within the impacted area was examined in 2002. The study showedthat norn1alization of radioactive situation and recovery of damaged vegetation did not happenduring this period. Radioactive contamination resulted in either total or partial elimination ofthe vegetation. Four zones according to the degree of disturbance were distinguished. Patternsof recovery are shown: some local shrubs are the most active colonizers, whereas reestablishing of larches occurs very slowly. Low rates of recovery can be explained by ratherbad natural condition for reproduction of larch, by presence of dead lichen cover whichprevents gern1ination of seeds and possibly low microbial and fungal activity caused byradiation, Removal of heavily contaminated forest litter and sawing of local grasses and herbsmay accelerate the rate of vegetation recovery.
Youth and new dimention in environmental safety research cooperation in Baltic region: Kalmar-Saint-Petersburg
Authors: Zimin Igor , Babkin Alexander , Rud Vasiliy , Krupnov Oleg , Davidov Vadim
Published: August 2020

The cooperation between the University of Kalmar and Saint-Petersburg State PolytechnicUniversity started in 1999. The main goal during the years has been to promote thedevelopment of skills among young researchers, mostly post-graduation students andstraight the cooperation within the Baltic region.
Ecology-economic analysis of the construction of incinerator in Kaliningrad
Authors: Zubanova Natalia , Kondratenko Sergey
Published: August 2020

The aim of this paper is the appraisal of the ecology-economic estimation of the constructionof the incinerator in Kaliningrad,The objectives of the investigations are: the estimation of theecological aspects of waste incineration in the case of the construction of the incinerator; andthe economic efficiency estimation of the construction of the incinerator.During the investigations it was proved that the volume of waste will increase during IO yearsat an average of up to 9,000 tons. By burning the waste in the incinerator, waste volumereduction may reach 90 %. This will reduce the charge of the firing ground; the economy ofground resources at the construction of incinerator will average in comparison with dumpsborrowed in Kaliningrad (that is on the average 56-71 %); this will prevent the pollution ofwater; this will sanitize the waste; at thennal neutralization the production of wastes will beformed such as ashes (13,300 tons a year) and slag (26,600 tons a year).By subjecting the waste into the incinerator, electricity production will be 89 million kWh ayear. The investment from the construction will be 2,410 million rubles, The benefit from therealization of electricity is 51,3 million rubles, of slag is 8 million rubles, and of secondaryraw materials is I 38, I 03.6 rubles. The pay back will be achieved in 40 years. To provide therepayment of the investments for the construction of the incinerator in 9 years, it is necessaryto increase the tariffs by 25% for the population and budget subsidies should be increased by90%, Also, this study considers a social factor with 70 citizens of Kaliningrad beinginterviewed. The survey helped to reveal the public opinion the population towards theconstruction of the incinerator. 96% interviewed people regards the question about of theincinerator positively.
Assessment of water availability within a heavy industrialized region
Authors: Oliveira-Esquerre Karla , Kiperstok Asher , Cohim Eduardo , Kalid Ricardo , Sales Emerson , Mattos Mario Cezar , Menezes Fabio , Lima Laysa , Silva Samara , Schubach Rodolfo , Batista Jose
Published: August 2020

Water conflict and scarcity is a present reality world-wide, For high peak demands,hydrologic limitations required either finding a bigger source or building sufficient storage.This paper provides a well-documented case study of water reuse by proposing alternativeindustrial water harvest at the largest petrochemical complex of Latin America located at theState of Bahia, Brazil. Water balance concepts were used to access the water availability. Theobtained results imply in an averaged natural resources economy of 1,250 m3/h of water,which can be used alternatively to either human consumption or energy generation in Bahia'ssemi-arid regions.
System approach for problem solving applied to the storm water drainage
Authors: Slupinski Mateusz , Jezowiecki Janusz
Published: August 2020

The solutions in the storm water evacuation systems have developed in the past and aredeveloping into the future. It is desired to learn about their evolution from the point of view ofthe evolution of technical systems. Knowledge about the system evolution can be used tospeed up the evolution and to propose the new solution advancing in the con-ect direction. Inorder to start the analysis of the technological system evolution, it is necessary to describe theproblem identified with the system of storm water evacuation and then to define theparameters which allow the positioning of the system on the evolution line. In this paper wepropose the fomrnlation of the problem in the form of contradiction. We also propose theparameters which can be used as index of development in the stonn water evacuationsystems. Finally, we pose a question about the future development of the solutions in thestom1 water evacuation systems. The intention of this paper is to make an introduction intothe research of the technical system evolution of the stom1 water evacuation system.
Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with used lubricating oils using sunflower
Authors: Correa Sergio Machado
Published: August 2020

Lubricating oil is one of the most important derivatives from petrol industry, However its lifecycle finished with the generation of the used oil, ham,ful to the environment and must besuitable disposed, A Brazilian law authorized the use of 30% of re-refined lubricating oil withthe new oil, This market leads to the establishment of several new industries which use smalland medium trucks to collect used oil at gas stations where consumers change the lubricantoil, On the last years an intense flux of these trucks can be observed at the main road ofBrazil, which connects Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, the two biggest cities of our country,This scenario can lead to possible accidents and oil spills, This paper relates the use ofsunflower to remediate soils collect at the margin of this important road, It was tested soilscontaminated with 2, 4, and 6%, The soils were extracted with Soxhlet extraction usingcyclohexane and analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, The firstthree months of the experiments indicated a phytoremediation of 86, 82, and 65% for the soilscontaminated with 2, 4, and 6%, respectively,
Photolysis and advanced oxidation treatment of estrogenic chemicals in tap water and treated sewage
Authors: Hansen Kamilla , Andersen Henrik R. , Hey Tobias , Ledin Anna
Published: August 2020

The removal efficiency by photolysis and advanced oxidation (AOP) of some estrogeniccompounds was investigated in tap water and biologically treated sewage. The compoundsinvestigated included parabens, industrial phenols, sunscreen chemicals and steroid estrogens.Treatment experiments were performed using a UV lamp optimized for photochemicaltreatment in a flow through set-up. The effect of different concentrations of H2O2 anddifference between tap water and treated sewage was investigated for all compounds.The treatment effectiveness is evaluated based on the Electrical Energy per Order (EEO) (unitkWh/111e3), which is defined as the electrical energy consumed per unit volume of water treatedrequired for 90 % removal of the investigated compound.It was found that the removal efficiency was better in tap water than in wastewater which isdue to the shadow effect from the inorganic and organic substance in the wastewater. Further,it was found that the removal of all the compounds was dependent of the UV dose for bothtreatment methods. The energy required for 90% removal of the compounds was between 28kWh/111e3 ± 2.9 (butylparaben) and 1.2 kWh/ 111e3 (estrone) for the UY treatment. The AOPresults in a more unifom1 value of EEO, which is between 8. 7 kWh/m3 (bisphenol A andbenzophenone-7) and 1.8 kWh/m3 ( I 7a-ethynyl estradiol).The removal at different concentration of H2O2 was investigated and it was found thatremoval effectiveness increased with concentration until 60 mg/L, but decreased at I 00 mg/L,which may be caused by H2O2 scavenging the HO'-radicals.
The principles of a new tariff policy for the waste management system in Kaliningrad Oblast
Authors: Ivanov Alexander
Published: August 2020

The organization of the new waste management system in Kaliningrad Oblast calls forrevision of the current tariff setting approach in regional waste managementFirstly, tariff policy reforms are needed in connection with redistribution of functions betweenthe actors within the waste management sector. A decision for separation of waste collectionand waste disposal functions has been adopted at the regional level, with the waste collectionfunctions to be retained by municipalities, and the waste disposal functions. According to theadopted regional waste management concept, an organization is responsible for wastetransportation and disposal at the regional level.
Mass balance approach for estimating volatile organic compounds emissions from automotive industry
Authors: Pereira Darlan , Correa Sergio , De Azevedo Eduardo B.
Published: August 2020

During the last several decades, the automotive coating industry has faced air pollutioncontrol problems arising from their daily operations. Emissions from surface coatingoperations include volatile organic compounds (VOCs), several inorganic pollutants andparticulate matter. The limit of VOCs emissions established by the European Union forautomotive coating industry is 60 g/n/. No threshold limits are established in Brazil for thisparticular industrial branch. Using the material balance approach, an estimate of the VOCsfrom automotive surface coating operations that uses solvent-base and water-base coatingswas perfom1ed. Based on consumption and composition of raw materials; area of paintedsurfaces; and amount of emissions captured in vapor and liquid phases; it was possible toestimate the VOCs concentrations emitted by unit of painted surface area. The accuracy ofthis mass balance approach was estimated by comparing results from lab tests of VOCsamples collected in three different emissions points before treatment.
Searching for renewable energy sources on urban areas
Authors: Svirenko Lidiya , Vergeles Yuriy , Tugai Olga
Published: August 2020

The possibilities and capacities of energy production from renewable sources in urban areaswere studied on the example of the city of Kharkiv, Ukraine (population ca. 1.4 mln, occupied 2 area ca. 320 km ). The following alternate renewable sources and ways for energy production(except solar and wind) have been identified: (1) biogas to be produced at municipal landfills;(2) biogas to be produced from sewage sludge accumulated at wastewater treatment plants;(3) wood wastes from urban dwellings' reconstruction and furniture renewal; (4) litter fromtree stands of the city (woody and leaf litter, debris, dead wood, etc.); (5) biomass harvestedwhile the phytotechnologies are applied for brown field remediation (energy crops, willowsand poplars, etc.). The energy potential of primary and secondary renewable energy sourceshas been estimated. Approach to decision-making on optimal allocation of sites fordecentralised energy production on the city's territory and relevant technologies for energyproduction are discussed.
End of life treatment costs for a computer in Costa Rica
Authors: Abarca Lilliana , Roa Floria , Rudin Victoria
Published: August 2020

In Costa Rica, the lack of concrete solutions for electronic waste led a group of stakeholdersto request bilateral aid from the Dutch Sustainable Development Agreements programme toaddress this problem in a systematic way. Since 2002, this group of stakeholders has formed atechnical committee and engaged key national ministries, and the private sector, in a processto arrive at a sustainable, reliable, and responsible strategy for management of wastes,supported by a Dutch NGO, WASTE."National Strategy for an integrated and sustainable management of wastes from electronicand electric equipment in Costa Rica" is the result of six years of policy development andpractical experimentation. The management approach includes:1. Analysis of technical aspects for the waste collection, dismantling, storage, transportand treatment2. An institutional approach is based on a participatory planning and decision-makingprocess which has involved all stakeholders.3. Development and negotiation of the National Decree for a National System for theManagement of Special Wastes has been on the agenda of the project. Both thefailures and the successes in relation to the decree offer many lessons for othercountries and regional governments.4. The programme has invited the participation of citizens and businesses, in designingthe opportunities for the responsible disposal of electronic wastes from the socialperspective.5. The project has a point of departure based on extended producer responsibility (EPR)translated and adapted to the Costa Rican context, meaning that some or all of thewaste management costs must be included in the price of the product. To ourknowledge, this is the first example of an EPR approach to WEEE in a South country,supported by a development co-operation project.This paper is a practical work on a technical problem in which a different type of internationalcooperation was applied in order to find solutions for the problem presented.
Analysis of Tokyo’s municipal solid waste management system
Authors: Vishnyakov Yakov , Kanunnikov Alexander
Published: August 2020

The article analyzes the features of municipal solid waste management in Tokyo. Special attention is paid to the analysis of trends in the volume of waste in the city of Tokyo over the past decades, as well as the reasons for the constant decline in these volumes. The article deals with the waste management activities of the Clean Authority of Tokyo, discusses the features of treatment of various types of waste, as well as the arrangement of the Tokyo city waste landfill. It was noted that the capital of Japan succeeded in creating an effective system for the disposal and recycling of municipal solid waste that can ensure the environmental safety of the city, as well as integrate waste into the country’s fuel and energy complex. An important feature of Japanese waste management companies is the desire not only to comply with official environmental standards, but also to adhere to their own standards, even more stringent. Based on an analysis of Japanese experience, the authors put forward proposals for optimizing the sphere of waste management in Russia. In particular, attention is drawn to the need to prevent an environmental catastrophe caused by a careless attitude to waste, improve the quality of life of citizens, prevent social unrest associated with environmental pollution, and also involve waste in the generation of electricity and heat. The authors note that as part of the “trash” reform, it is necessary to increase the environmental awareness of citizens, provide citizens with relevant and complete information about the industry, and create stricter environmental standards for waste to energy plants and other enterprises involved in waste management.
Blockchain technology as a key element in the development of the oil and gas industry
Authors: Azieva Raisa
Published: August 2020

New breakthrough technologies can have a positive or negative impact on the development of the fuel and energy sector. Therefore, the main thing is to evaluate technologies, analyze their suitability for the industry and determine priorities for future opportunities, i.e., identify technologies that provide new advantages for the energy world, and determine how, when and how their impact will become tangible.
In this regard, researchers have determined that the innovative technology of the XXI century, recognized to transform the national and global economy is the blockchain technology.
The article provides an overview of blockchain technology, defines the principles of its operation and possible applications, i.e., identifies the mechanism of action of the revolutionary system, as well as presents the players of the oil and gas industry to launch blockchain technology and identifies the advantages of innovative technology used in the oil and gas sector. It is determined that on the basis of the new technology, it is possible to create a single network for digitizing all interaction processes and automating them. The study also shows that the scope of application of blockchain in the oil and gas business is much broader, which determines the possibility of further consideration of a wide range of the need for the use of blockchain technology for the oil and gas industry, as well as its impact on the development of oil and gas companies.
Modeling the behavior of pedestrian railings taking into account their joint work with the span of bridges
Authors: Koptilov Vitaliy , Lebedev Vasiliy , Mandrik – Kotov Boris , Ovchinnikov Ilya
Published: August 2020

The problem of calculating pedestrian railing made of polymer composite materials on bridge structures is analyzed. It is noted that, although methods for calculating various products and structures made of polymer composite materials have been sufficiently developed, however, methods for calculating pedestrian railing are still just beginning to be developed. Normative methods for calculating pedestrian railing are very primitive and do not take into account all the features of their work.
The article discusses the application of the finite element method to the calculation of pedestrian railing, and in addition to standard loads, the effect of the wind load and the joint work of the pedestrian railing with the span are taken into account. It is shown that the joint work of the pedestrian railing with the span, even under static loading, has a significant effect on its stress-strain state, increasing it, which in certain cases, in the presence of installation defects, leads to the destruction of the pedestrian railing from polymer composite materials.
METACOGNICIÓN Y COMPETENCIAS EN LA CARRERA DE ARQUITECTURA DE UNA UNIVERSIDAD PRIVADA DE LIMA-PERÚ
Authors: Alegría Vidal Rosa , Rivera Muñoz Jorge Leoncio
Published: August 2020

La metacognición en la educación es de vital importancia para ser conscientes de cómo aprendemos; lo cual se evidencia en la asignatura matriz Taller, de la carrera de Arquitectura, debido a su complejidad y exigencia, que desarrolla competencias únicas en los estudiantes cuyas formas de aprender han sido poco estudiadas. El presente estudio buscó comprobar la relación entre la metacognición y sus dimensiones: planificación, autorregulación y evaluación y el logro de competencias en la asignatura Taller IV, en estudiantes de arquitectura de una universidad privada de Lima, Perú. La investigación es cuantitativa, no experimental, de diseño transversal correlacional no causal. Conformaron la muestra 59 estudiantes, cuyos niveles metacognitivos fueron medidos al iniciar el ciclo académico empleando el Inventario de Conciencia Metacognitiva de Schraw & Dennison (MAI) adaptado en Perú por Córdova y García (CCM). Al finalizar dicho período se utilizó una rúbrica de evaluación validada por juicio de expertos para medir el logro de competencias en dicha asignatura. Se encontró estadísticamente que existe una relación significativa fuerte, entre la metacognición y el logro de competencias en la asignatura señalada al obtener una correlación de Spearman de 0,700, comprobándose la correlación planteada
Morphological and Molecular Evidence to Segregate a Disjunct Species of Hymenophyllum (Hymenophyllaceae) from Southern South America
Authors: Larsen Cristian , Gonzatti Felipe , Acosta Juan M. , Ponce M. Mónica
Published: August 2020

Abstract—Morphological studies and molecular phylogenetic analyses were carried out to assess the taxonomic status of Hymenophyllum caudiculatum, a species with a disjunct distribution in South America. The species is found in tropical and subtropical forests
of Brazil and in temperate forest of southern Argentina and Chile. Based on the results of morphological, molecular, and species delimitation analyses, Hymenophyllum caudatum of the Valdivian forest of southern Chile and Argentina is proposed as a species separate from H. caudiculatum,
endemic to Brazil. The two taxa are delimited, respectively, as follows: 1‐5 cm long non-alate stipes (vs. 0.3‐1 cm long non-alate stipes in Brazilian H. caudiculatum); stipe wings gradually ending (vs. stipe wings abruptly ending very near the rhizome); margin entire
to somewhat undulate (vs. margin undulate to crispate); soriferous segment alate, angustate, or null (vs. soriferous segment with laminar constriction at apex); and widely obovoid receptacle with sessile sporangia (vs. flattened obovoid or globose receptacle with shortly pedunculated sporangia).
Descriptions for the two species recognized here and a map of their geographical distribution are provided, along with nomenclatural revision, illustrations, and conservation status assessments.
A Molecular Phylogeny for the Genus Coccoloba (Polygonaceae) with an Assessment of Biogeographic Patterns
Authors: Koenemann Daniel Mark , Burke Janelle M.
Published: August 2020

Abstract—Species in the genus Coccoloba are trees, shrubs, and lianas present in low elevation tropical and sub-tropical forests. Since 1756, well over 400 taxa have been described for Coccoloba. Coccoloba species are natively distributed throughout
the New World in a variety of habitats. Despite being distributed throughout the Neotropics, the concentration of Coccoloba species in a given area varies considerably, with four centers of diversity for the genus: southern and coastal Brazil, the West Indies, Mesoamerica, and Amazonia.
We here present the first molecular phylogeny of Coccoloba and use this phylogeny to investigate geographic patterns of diversity within the genus. The topology of the phylogeny and the closest related genera to Coccoloba suggest a Mesoamerican origin for the genus. The South
American species are recovered as the crown group of the phylogeny with one instance of a separate migration event from Mesoamerica to South America. Coccoloba species in Mesoamerica and the Caribbean show little to no geographic pattern to their diversification. Mesoamerica and the
Caribbean are best considered as one phytogeographic region for Coccoloba.
Systematic Revision of Papillaria (Meteoriaceae, Bryophyta)
Authors: de Oliveira Juliana R. P. M. , Quandt Dietmar , Newton Angela E. , Pôrto Kátia C. , Luong Thien-Tam , Huttunen Sanna
Published: August 2020

Abstract—A systematic revision of the tropical moss genus Papillaria was carried out by combining morphological studies with phylogenetic reconstructions based on molecular data from the plastid (trnL-F and rpl16) and the nuclear (ITS region) genomes.
For the morphological study a set of qualitative and quantitative features was studied in over 2800 herbarium specimens, including the types, of all 55 previously accepted species in the genus. After revision, nine species of Papillaria were recognized, Papillaria crocea and
P. flexicaulis which are broadly distributed in the tropics, P. africana that is endemic to Africa, P. laevifolia that is known from the Americas, and P. flavolimbata, P. funiformis, P. leuconeura, P. nitens, and P. zeloflexicaulis that are known from Australia
and the Pacific Islands. The majority of the other previously accepted names do not belong to Papillaria s. s. but to the closely related genera Toloxis and Meteorium. We propose five new synonyms under P. africana as well as one new synonym for P. crocea
and one for P. laevifolia. The revision reduced the number of Papillaria species in Africa from ten to one and in South America from thirteen to three. We extend the geographic range of P. crocea due to a new record from eastern South America (Brazil).
Experimental study on lateral behaviour of tetrapod caisson foundations in silt
Authors: Kong Deqiong , Ying Panpan , Wan Jiayi , Zhang Wenlong , Zhu Bin
Published: August 2020

This paper presents a programme of model tests on the lateral behaviour of tetrapod caisson-founded jacket (TCJ) structures in silt. Loading tests on the TCJ as well as on a mono-caisson were conducted at different rates. In addition to the load–displacement response of the TCJ, the vertical, horizontal and overturning forces at the top of the corner caissons were also measured by in-house-designed load cells. For monotonic loading, the resisting moment provided by corner caissons takes up only 8.7% of the total overturning moment acting on the TCJ. The bearing capacity of the TCJ accounting for caisson skirt friction (Hc) is 154% greater than when assessed without considering it (H0) and, more importantly, the inclination needed in mobilising Hc is still within the allowable limit. For cyclic loading, simultaneous upward, excessive rotation of the jacket is developed when the maximum load amplitude (Hmax) exceeds Hc. Cyclic loading with the minimum load amplitude (Hmin) below H0 proves to be desirable for the control of accumulative rotation, due to the essentially two-way loading characteristics of upwind caissons.
Nasopharyngeal Pooling Post-RNA Extraction v1
Authors: not provided emilypellegrini
Published: August 2020

These procedures are based on FDA recommendations to validate a pooling procedure. All steps are to be run in triplicate.
Religious Minorities and Struggle for Recognition
Authors: Monnot Christophe , Lefebvre Solange
Published: August 2020

Religious minorities are increasingly present in the public sphere. Often pointed out as a problem, we argue here that the establishment of these minorities in Western societies is happening through struggles for recognition. Communities or individuals belonging to different minorities are seeking recognition from the society in which they are living. In Section 1, we present, briefly, our perspective, which differs from the analyses generally presented in the sociology of religion in that it adopts a bottom-up perspective. In Section 2, we present and discuss articles dealing with case studies in the cities of Barcelona, Geneva, and Montreal. In Section 3, we discuss two articles that present a process of individualization of claims for recognition. Finally, we present an article that discusses the case of an unrecognized minority in the Turkish school system.
Pattern matching by the terms of cache memory limitations
Authors: Zavadskyi I. O.
Published: August 2020

A few known techniques of exact pattern matching, such as 2-byte read, skip loop, and sliding search windows, are improved and applied to pattern matching algorithms, performing over 256-ary alphabets. Instead of 2-byte read, we offer “1.5-byte read”, i.e. reading more than 8 but less than 16 bits of two sequential bytes of a text at each iteration of a search loop. This allows us to fit the search table into L1 cache memory, which significantly improves the algorithm performance. Also, we introduce the so-called double skip loop instead of single one, resolve problems caused by endianness of a machine, and adopt the sliding windows technique to our algorithms. The experimental results averaged over 500 runs of algorithms on 40 different computers show that our algorithms outperform all other tested methods for all tested pattern lengths.
To the Question of Understanding by Preschoolers the Emotional States of Another Person
Authors: Masalova V.S. , Yaglovskya E.K.
Published: August 2020

The article presents the results of studies during which the authors studied the dynamics of the development of the emotional and social spheres of preschool children. Based on the results, a number of issues related to the diagnosis and various psychological practices aimed at the development of these areas are considered. Also given are the results of a study that identifies the age-related potential of preschool children associated with the ability to focus on the emotional states of another person. The results presented in the article demonstrate that only in the fifth year of life, most children on their own (without the help of an adult) begin to highlight the emotional state of a person as an essential sign. But they do not use their skill when they try to orient in the sense of what is happening. Only at the end of preschool age do some children begin to determine the meaning of what is happening on the basis of the emotional states of another person. Based on the data obtained, an admission is made about the need for developmental (not diagnostic) work with children. The methodology of the forming experiment described in the article allows one to determine the directions of psychological and pedagogical support of the emotional development of preschool children.
Psychological and Pedagogical Helping to Preschoolers Using the Methods of Psychotechnics Based on the Movements
Authors: Gorshkova E.V.
Published: August 2020

The article describes the conditions for the active development of psychological and pedagogical assistance to children 3–7 years old in Russian preschool institutions, the beginning of the using of movement-based psychotechnics in working with preschool children. The problem is formulated as the need to search and develop methods of psychological and pedagogical assistance to preschool children, which use motor tasks that “work” to identify and overcome difficulties in developing communication, arbitrariness, the emotional sphere, etc. A literature review of domestic scientific and practical research is given, which describe the possibilities of different technologies based on movement: emotional and motor psychotechnics (E.V. Gorshkova, E.V. Chernigina, Yu.V. Antipova, E.G. Zhabina), the technique of creating a spatial image of oneself in children on the age from 1,5 to 4 (E.O. Smirnova, E.A. Abdulaeva), the technique of “educational kinesiology” (A.L. Diterikhs). The research results showed the effectiveness of these techniques in the development and correction of emotional-personal sphere and behavior among preschoolers, however, these researches do not cover the whole range of psychological and pedagogical problems encountered in preschoolers of different ages. This review allows us to outline the problems of future research.