bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Congenital Cervical Teratoma Mimicking as Neuroblastoma on Cytology: A Diagnostic Pitfall
Authors: Chhabra Sahil , Dhingra Harshi , Baliyan Asif , Singh Amarjit , Suri Vijay
Published: April 2020

Cervical teratomas are very rare tumors, accounting for approximately 3%–5% of all pediatric teratomas with predominance in females. Most common site of cervical teratoma is sacrococcygeal region and occurrence in cervical region is a rare presentation. We present a case of cervical teratoma in a 4-month-old male infant presenting as neck mass mimicking as neuroblastoma with differentiation on fine-needle aspiration. The final diagnosis of mature teratoma was made on histopathological examination.
О проблеме Варинга в натуральных числах специального вида
Authors: Eminyan Karapet Mkrtichevich
Published: April 2020

Пусть $\mathbb{N}_{0}$ - множество натуральных чисел, двоичные разложения которых имеют четное число единиц. В статье дана оценка тригонометрической суммы специального вида по числам из $\mathbb{N}_{0}$, на основе которой выведена асимптотическая формула для числа решений уравнения Варинга в натуральных числах из $\mathbb{N}_{0}$, а также дана оценка для числа слагаемых последнего уравнения, достаточного для его разрешимости в числах из $\mathbb{N}_{0}$.
Библиография: 9 названий.
Principais assuntos de auditoria e os resultados das empresas listadas na IBRX 100
Authors: Camargo Natanael Silva , Rodrigues Fernanda Fernandes , Machado Camila Araújo , Guerra Mariana
Published: April 2020

O estudo objetivou verificar se há associação entre os Principais Assuntos de Auditoria (PAA), item do Novo Relatório do Auditor, e o resultado do exercício (lucro/prejuízo) das entidades que compõem o índice IBRX 100, para 2016 e 2017. A pesquisa é oportuna, dado que as mudanças propostas pelas novas normas ocorreram em 2016 e que, portanto, o tema ainda foi pouco explorado no Brasil. Ademais, baseado em Hopwood et al. (1989) e na Teoria da Agência, espera-se contribuir para a literatura identificando se determinados assuntos apontados como PAAs podem predizer insolvência – ou seja, se há relação desses especificamente com o prejuízo das empresas. Por meio de análise de correspondência, identificaram-se 26 categorias de PAAs e os testes de robustez indicaram três PAAs associados a prejuízo: Tributos, Riscos e fraudes ligados a processos e Reorganização Societária. Tais categorias, portanto, poderiam configurar as “bandeiras vermelhas” de Hopwood et al. (1989), sendo indicativos de insolvência e/ou falência para empresas que apresentaram tais PAAs. Ademais, tais resultados contribuem para o entendimento sobre o julgamento profissional dos auditores, sendo que PAAs sobre Tributos, Riscos de Fraudes e Processos e Reorganização Societária podem indicar tópicos que demandam maior atenção dos profissionais por terem potencialmente maior impacto na continuidade das entidades (i.e., risco de insolvência e/ou falência).
Institucionalização de novas práticas de controles de gestão: forças que potencializam ou comprometem o processo nos pequenos empreendimentos
Authors: Bueno Maria Elena Amaral Ferreira , Angonese Rodrigo , Gomes Débora Gomes de
Published: April 2020

Este estudo objetiva analisar as forças que potencializam e/ou comprometem o processo de institucionalização de novas práticas de controles de gestão em pequenos empreendimentos. Trata-se de estudo de caso múltiplo, descritivo, qualitativo, realizado com base na teoria institucional e no modelo de Tolbert e Zucker (1999). Transcrição das entrevistas, análise documental e observação foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo com auxílio do software Atlas.ti 8.0®. Os resultados revelaram que, além das pressões externas decorrentes do mercado e legislações específicas, houve a presença do poder hierárquico impulsionando a mudança. Porém, fatores de resistência interna podem comprometer o processo. Das empresas estudadas, uma conseguiu superar a resistência inicial e implementou a mudança, enquanto outra precisou interromper o processo. Deduz-se que os fatores que potencializam e/ou comprometem a mudança possuem intensidade diferenciada, variando conforme o contexto organizacional. Gerenciar fatores internos de forma holística pode contribuir para sanar possíveis resistências de forma preventiva.
Uso de Testes de Hipóteses para Verificar a Relação entre Chuvas e Interrupções no Fornecimento de Energia Elétrica no Sistema de Distribuição
Authors: Vieira Obed Leite , Camurca Camilo Martins Castelo Branco , Silva Francisco Jeandson Rodrigues da , Costa Douglas Aurélio Carvalho , Soares Fellipe Souto , Bezerra José Roberto , Barroso Giovanni Cordeiro
Published: April 2020

Diversos eventos climáticos são causas de interrupções no fornecimento de energia no sistema de distribuição de energia elétrica. Dentre eles, as chuvas são empiricamente consideradas causas diretas de interrupção. Com o objetivo de verificar estatisticamente a existência de uma relação entre o aumento do número de interrupções e a ocorrência de chuva, é utilizada a teoria do teste de hipóteses. Foi feito o comparativo da diferença das médias entre duas populações (quantidade média de interrupções em dias com chuvas e em dias sem chuvas) e testou-se a hipótese desse valor ser maior que zero. Dentre as 70 localidades analisadas no sistema de distribuição da Enel Distribuição Ceará, 56% há esta relação com uma margem de 95% de confiança. Considerando o estado do Ceará como um todo, foi feito o teste para amostras emparelhadas cujo o valor “p” foi próximo de zero, assim foi sendo possível inferir uma forte relação entre a maior quantidade de interrupções quando ocorrem chuvas.
Fifteenth and Sixteenth General Reviews of Quotas—Report of the Executive Board to the Board of Governors
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Finance Dept.
Published: April 2020

On January 16, 2020, the Executive Board adopted a Report to the Board of Governors proposing that the Board of Governors adopt a Resolution concluding the Fifteenth General Review of Quotas with no increase in quotas and providing guidance for the Sixteenth General Review of Quotas in line with the IMFC guidance in the October 19, 2019 Communiqué. The Resolution was adopted by the Board of Governors, effective February 7, 2020, and was designated No. 75-1.
Identifying Service Market Reform Priorities in Italy
Authors: Belhocine Nazim , Garcia-Macia Daniel
Published: April 2020

Italy’s labor productivity in market services has declined since 2000, underperforming manufacturing and peer European countries, especially in strongly regulated sectors. A model of monopolistic competition is used to identify which service sectors would benefit more from removing entry and/or exit barriers. Using Italian firm-level data, the paper finds that sectors with high markups, such as professional services, would primarily benefit from removing entry barriers. Sectors with a large mass of unproductive firms, such as retail, would instead benefit from removing exit barriers. Policy recommendations to improve efficiency are outlined in relation to the sectoral priorities identified in the data.
Proposed Decisions to Modify the New Arrangements to Borrow and to Extend the Deadline for a Review of the Borrowing Guidelines
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Finance Dept.
Published: April 2020

This paper presents a proposal for reforming the NAB with a doubling of the aggregate size of the NAB and amendments to the NAB Decision. The proposal contains the following key elements: doubling the aggregate size of NAB credit arrangements, through a doubling of all current NAB credit arrangements; establishing a new NAB period, extending from January 1, 2021 through end-2025; updating the NAB Decision as some provisions have become obsolete or outdated; and including a new provision in the NAB Decision limiting the activation of bilateral borrowing during the new NAB period.

The paper also proposes a 6-month extension of the deadline for the review of the Guidelines for Borrowing by the Fund to end-June 2020.
Fifteenth General Review of Quotas—Notification from the Executive Board to the Board of Governors
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Finance Dept.
Published: April 2020

On December 20, 2019, the Executive Board notified the Board of Governors that it would not be able to report to the Board of Governors in time to facilitate a vote by the Board of Governors concluding the Fifteenth Review before the end of 2019, as previously envisaged, and that the Executive Board was expected to report to the Board of Governors around mid-January 2020 on the outcome of discussions on the Fifteenth Review, the goals and timetable for the Sixteenth Review, and on the way forward on IMF resources.
Botswana
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: April 2020

This 2019 Article IV Consultation focuses on Botswana near- and medium-term challenges and policy priorities and was prepared before COVID-19 became a global pandemic and resulted in unprecedented strains in global trade, commodity, and financial markets. Gross domestic product growth is forecasted to pick up to 4.4 percent in 2020 and 5.6 percent in 2021 as the diamond industry recovers somewhat, and a new copper mine comes on stream. Growth will ease back to around 4 percent over the medium term. Risks to the outlook include faster-than-anticipated slowdown in key trading partners, shifts in consumer preferences to synthetic diamonds, and climate shocks. The size and pace of the planned adjustment are consistent with Botswana’s fiscal space, but the composition of the adjustment should protect efficient capital and social spending. Furthermore, given that buffers are being eroded, it is critical that consolidation starts as envisaged in FY2020, as it would help start addressing external imbalances and contribute to a gradual rebuilding of buffers over the medium term. In order to strengthen the monetary transmission mechanism and deepen the domestic financial market, there is a need to develop the secondary market for government securities, leverage Fintech, facilitate the attachment of collateral, and improve credit information.
Zimbabwe
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: April 2020

This 2019 Article IV Consultation focuses on Zimbabwe’s near- and medium-term challenges and policy priorities and was prepared before COVID-19 became a global pandemic that has resulted in unprecedented strains in global trade, commodity, and financial markets. It, therefore, does not reflect the implications of these developments and related policy priorities. The outbreak has greatly amplified uncertainty and downside risks around the outlook. The IMF staff is closely monitoring the situation and will continue to work on assessing its impact and the related policy response in Zimbabwe and globally. With another poor harvest expected, growth in 2020 is projected at near zero, following a sharp contraction in 2019, with food shortages continuing. With no progress on clearing longstanding external arrears, the authorities face a difficult balance of pursuing tight monetary, to reduce very high inflation, and fiscal policies to address the macroeconomic imbalances and build confidence in the currency, while averting a crisis. Pressures are mounting to increase spending on wages and for social protection to mitigate the impact of the weather shocks and high inflation. While the 2020 budget includes a significant increase in social spending, it is likely insufficient to meet the pressing needs.
Shallow cumuli cover and its uncertainties from ground-based lidar–radar data and sky images
Authors: Riley Erin A. , Kleiss Jessica M. , Riihimaki Laura D. , Long Charles N. , Berg Larry K. , Kassianov Evgueni
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Cloud cover estimates of single-layer shallow cumuli obtained from narrow
field-of-view (FOV) lidar–radar and wide-FOV total sky imager (TSI) data are
compared over an extended period (2000–2017 summers) at the established
United States Atmospheric Radiation Measurement mid-continental Southern
Great Plains site. We quantify the impacts of two factors on hourly and
sub-hourly cloud cover estimates: (1) instrument-dependent cloud detection
and data merging criteria and (2) FOV configuration. Enhanced observations
at this site combine the advantages of the ceilometer, micropulse lidar
(MPL) and cloud radar in merged data products. Data collected by these three
instruments are used to calculate narrow-FOV cloud fraction (CF) as a
temporal fraction of cloudy returns within a given period. Sky images
provided by TSI are used to calculate the wide-FOV fractional sky cover
(FSC) as a fraction of cloudy pixels within a given image. To assess the
impact of the first factor on CF obtained from the merged data products, we
consider two additional subperiods (2000–2010 and 2011–2017 summers) that
mark significant instrumentation and algorithmic advances in the cloud
detection and data merging. We demonstrate that CF obtained from ceilometer
data alone and FSC obtained from sky images provide the most similar and
consistent cloud cover estimates; hourly bias and root-mean-square
difference (RMSD) are within 0.04 and 0.12, respectively. However, CF from
merged MPL–ceilometer data provides the largest estimates of the multiyear
mean cloud cover, about 0.12 (35 %) and 0.08 (24 %) greater than FSC for
the first and second subperiods, respectively. CF from merged
ceilometer–MPL–radar data has the strongest subperiod dependence with a
bias of 0.08 (24 %) compared to FSC for the first subperiod and shows no
bias for the second subperiod. The strong period dependence of CF obtained
from the combined ceilometer–MPL–radar data is likely results from a change
in what sensors are relied on to detect clouds below 3 km. After 2011, the
MPL stopped being used for cloud top height detection below 3 km, leaving
the radar as the only sensor used in cloud top height retrievals. To
quantify the FOV impact, a narrow-FOV FSC is derived from the TSI images. We
demonstrate that FOV configuration does not modify the bias but impacts the
RMSD (0.1 hourly, 0.15 sub-hourly). In particular, the FOV impact is
significant for sub-hourly observations, where 41 % of narrow- and
wide-FOV FSC differ by more than 0.1. A new “quick-look” tool is introduced
to visualize impacts of these two factors through integration of CF and FSC
data with novel TSI-based images of the spatial variability in cloud cover.
The influence of cloud field organization, such cloud streets parallel to
the wind direction, on narrow- and wide-FOV cloud cover estimates can be
visually assessed.
Observations of late-winter marine microbial activity in an ice-covered fjord, west Greenland
Authors: Chandler David , Mackie Shona
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Direct observations of marine microbial metabolism are
sparse in the Arctic, particularly under sea ice during winter. This paper
presents the first observations of Arctic winter microbial activity under
sea ice in a west Greenland fjord (Lillefjord, ∼ 70∘ N). Here, measured changes in dissolved oxygen (DO) content in light and
dark in situ incubations were used to calculate net community productivity,
respiration and photosynthesis rates. Data were collected at two fully
ice covered sites during February 2013, shortly after the end of the polar
night. Averaged over the full study period, dark incubations showed
statistically significant decreases in DO of -0.36±0.24 (near
shore) and -0.09±0.07 g O2 m−3 d−1 (fjord centre),
indicating respiration rates that were 2–20 times greater than rates
previously reported under sea ice in the Arctic. Meanwhile, a lack of
significant evidence for photosynthesis suggests that the rate of
photosynthesis – if it was occurring – was much lower than that of
respiration. The data also show no significant evidence of a temporal trend
in metabolism rates over the study period; however, ambient seawater DO
increased significantly at the fjord centre (0.023±0.013 g O2 m−3 d−1), possibly attributable to processes not occurring in the
incubations (such as sea ice algal photosynthesis). These data may improve
our understanding of microbial activity in the fjord during winter, and its
contribution to Arctic ecosystems under present and future conditions. The
data are archived at PANGAEA (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.906332,
Chandler and Mackie, 2019; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912677,
Chandler and Mackie, 2020).
CAMELS-BR: Hydrometeorological time series and landscape attributes for 897 catchments in Brazil
Authors: Chagas Vinícius B. P. , Chaffe Pedro L. B. , Addor Nans , Fan Fernando M. , Fleischmann Ayan S. , Paiva Rodrigo C. D. , Siqueira Vinícius A.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. We introduce a new catchment dataset for large-sample hydrological studies in Brazil. This dataset encompasses daily time series of observed streamflow from 3713 gauges, as well as meteorological forcing (precipitation, evapotranspiration and temperature) for 897 selected catchments. It also includes 63 attributes covering a range of topographic, climatic, hydrologic, land cover, geologic, soil and human intervention variables, as well as data quality indicators. This paper describes how the hydrometeorological time series and attributes were produced, their primary limitations and their main spatial features. To facilitate comparisons with catchments from other countries, the data follow the same standards as the previous CAMELS (Catchment Attributes and MEteorology for Large-sample Studies) datasets for the United States, Chile and Great Britain. CAMELS-BR complements the other CAMELS datasets by providing data for hundreds of catchments in the tropics and in the Amazon rainforest. Importantly, precipitation and evapotranspiration uncertainties are assessed using several gridded products and quantitative estimates of water consumption are provided to characterize human impacts on water resources. By extracting and combining data from these different data products and making CAMELS-BR publicly available, we aim to create new opportunities for hydrological research in Brazil and to facilitate the inclusion of Brazilian basins in continental to global large-sample studies. We envision that this dataset will enable the community to gain new insights into the drivers of hydrological behavior, better characterize extreme hydroclimatic events, and explore the impacts of climate change and human activities on water resources in Brazil. The CAMELS-BR dataset is freely available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3709338 (Chagas et al., 2020).
Revisiting extreme precipitation amounts over southern South America and implications for the Patagonian Icefields
Authors: Sauter Tobias
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Patagonia is thought to be one of the wettest regions on Earth,
although available regional precipitation estimates vary considerably. This
uncertainty complicates understanding and quantifying the observed
environmental changes, such as glacier recession, biodiversity decline in
fjord ecosystems and enhanced net primary production. The Patagonian
Icefields, for example, are one of the largest contributors to sea-level
rise outside the polar regions, and robust hydroclimatic projections are
needed to understand and quantify current and future mass changes. The
reported projections of precipitation from numerical modelling studies tend
to overestimate those from in situ determinations, and the plausibility of
these numbers has never been carefully scrutinized, despite the
significance of this topic to our understanding of observed environmental
changes. Here I use simple physical arguments and a linear model to test the
plausibility of the current precipitation estimates and its impact on the
Patagonian Icefields. The results show that environmental conditions
required to sustain a mean precipitation amount exceeding 6.09±0.64 m yr−1 are untenable according to the regional moisture flux. The revised
precipitation values imply a significant reduction in the surface mass balance
of the Patagonian Icefields compared to previously reported values. This
yields a new perspective on the response of Patagonia's glaciers to climate
change and their sea-level contribution and might also help reduce
uncertainties in the change of other precipitation-driven environmental
phenomena.
A crash-testing framework for predictive uncertainty assessment when forecasting high flows in an extrapolation context
Authors: Berthet Lionel , Bourgin François , Perrin Charles , Viatgé Julie , Marty Renaud , Piotte Olivier
Published: April 2020

Abstract. An increasing number of flood forecasting services assess and communicate the uncertainty associated with their forecasts. While obtaining reliable forecasts is a key issue, it is a challenging task, especially when forecasting high flows in an extrapolation context, i.e. when the event magnitude is larger than what was observed before. In this study, we present a crash-testing framework that evaluates the quality of hydrological forecasts in an extrapolation context. The experiment set-up is based on (i) a large set of catchments in France, (ii) the GRP rainfall–runoff model designed for flood forecasting and used by the French operational services and (iii) an empirical hydrologic uncertainty processor designed to estimate conditional predictive uncertainty from the hydrological model residuals. The variants of the uncertainty processor used in this study differ in the data transformation they use (log, Box–Cox and log–sinh) to account for heteroscedasticity and the evolution of the other properties of the predictive distribution with the discharge magnitude. Different data subsets were selected based on a preliminary event selection. Various aspects of the probabilistic performance of the variants of the hydrologic uncertainty processor, reliability, sharpness and overall quality were evaluated. Overall, the results highlight the challenge of uncertainty quantification when forecasting high flows. They show a significant drop in reliability when forecasting high flows in an extrapolation context and considerable variability among catchments and across lead times. The increase in statistical treatment complexity did not result in significant improvement, which suggests that a parsimonious and easily understandable data transformation such as the log transformation or the Box–Cox transformation can be a reasonable choice for flood forecasting.
A methodology to estimate flow duration curves at partially ungauged basins
Authors: Ridolfi Elena , Kumar Hemendra , Bárdossy András
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The flow duration curve (FDC) of streamflow at a specific site has a key role in the knowledge on the distribution and characteristics of streamflow at that site. The FDC gives information on the water regime, providing information to optimally manage the water resources of the river. In spite of its importance, because of the lack of streamflow gauging stations, the FDC construction can be a not straightforward task. In partially gauged basins, FDCs are usually built using regionalization among the other methods. In this paper we show that the FDC is not a characteristic of the basin only, but of both the basin and the weather. Different weather conditions lead to different FDCs for the same catchment. The differences can often be significant. Similarly, the FDC built at a site for a specific period cannot be used to retrieve the FDC at a different site for the same time window. In this paper, we propose a new methodology to estimate FDCs at partially gauged basins (i.e., target sites) using precipitation data gauged at another basin (i.e., donor site). The main idea is that it is possible to retrieve the FDC of a target period of time using the data gauged during a given donor time period for which data are available at both target and donor sites. To test the methodology, several donor and target time periods are analyzed and results are shown for different sites in the USA. The comparison between estimated and actually observed FDCs shows the reasonability of the approach, especially for intermediate percentiles.
Solutions for subsidence in the California Delta, USA, an extreme example of organic-soil drainage gone awry
Authors: Deverel Steven J. , Dore Sabina , Schmutte Curtis
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is at the heart of California's water supply system that provides water for irrigation and human consumption. It is also home to subsiding organic soils, decreasing native aquatic species populations, water quality degradation, vulnerable levees (levees are equivalent to dikes) and decreasing agricultural viability. There has been substantial progress in the interdisciplinary understanding and quantification of the nature and effects of subsidence and its mitigation. Because of the need for a drained rootzone, farming of crops such as vegetables, trees, vines, corn and alfalfa, results in an ongoing unsustainable cycle of continuing peat oxidation and deepening of drainage ditches to compensate for elevation loss. Despite substantial evidence for the increasing risks to the State's economy and water supply, the unsustainability of the status quo, and evidence for the benefits of alternatives, there has been limited progress in converting to land uses that can reduce, stop and reverse subsidence. Our overall approach has been to measure land-surface elevation changes; understand, quantify and model subsidence and greenhouse gas emissions from drained organic soil, and evaluate alternate land uses. Subsidence rates vary from less than 0.5 to over 2 cm yr−1, depending primarily on depth to groundwater and soil organic matter content. The primary cause of subsidence is the oxidation of organic matter, which has resulted in elevations of −3 to −9 m on about 100 000 ha. Using the results from micrometeorological measurements and modelling, we estimate that organic-matter oxidation causes an annual emission of over 2×106 t of CO2-equivalent which represents about 21 % of the State's plant-based agricultural emissions. Rewetting of the peat soils is emerging as a viable solution. Rice and wetlands stop and (in the case of wetlands) reverse the effects of subsidence and result in a net greenhouse-gas emission reduction benefit. Wetlands accrete about 3 cm of soil per year, can break the unsustainable subsidence/drainage cycle, reverse the trajectory of increasing hydraulic pressures on levees, reduce the probability of levee failure and seepage onto islands (islands are equivalent to polders), and may provide material for biofuels and animal feed. The recent implementation of a methodology for quantification of the GHG benefit is facilitating land use conversion and participation in the carbon market.
Multidecadal Arctic sea ice thickness and volume derived from ice age
Authors: Liu Yinghui , Key Jeffrey R. , Wang Xuanji , Tschudi Mark
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Sea ice is a key component of the Arctic climate system,
and has impacts on global climate. Ice concentration, thickness, and volume
are among the most important Arctic sea ice parameters. This study presents
a new record of Arctic sea ice thickness and volume from 1984 to 2018 based
on an existing satellite-derived ice age product. The relationship between
ice age and ice thickness is first established for every month based on
collocated ice age and ice thickness from submarine sonar data (1984–2000)
and ICESat (2003–2008) and an empirical ice growth model. Based on this
relationship, ice thickness is derived for the entire time period from the
weekly ice age product, and the Arctic monthly sea ice volume is then
calculated. The ice-age-based thickness and volume show good agreement in
terms of bias and root-mean-square error with submarine, ICESat, and
CryoSat-2 ice thickness, as well as ICESat and CryoSat-2 ice volume, in
February–March and October–November. More detailed comparisons with
independent data from Envisat for 2003 to 2010 and CryoSat-2 from CPOM, AWI,
and NASA GSFC (Goddard Space Flight Center) for 2011 to 2018 show low bias in ice-age-based thickness. The
ratios of the ice volume uncertainties to the mean range from 21 % to
29 %. Analysis of the derived data shows that the ice-age-based sea ice
volume exhibits a decreasing trend of −411 km3 yr−1 from 1984 to
2018, stronger than the trends from other datasets. Of the factors affecting
the sea ice volume trends, changes in sea ice thickness contribute more than
changes in sea ice area, with a contribution of at least 80 % from changes
in sea ice thickness from November to May and nearly 50 % in August and
September, while less than 30 % is from changes in sea ice area in all
months.
La disputa por la verdad en el último Foucault. El decir veraz de la ‘parrhesía’ en el límite entre filosofía y retórica
Authors: Quintana Dominguez Idoia
Published: April 2020

En los últimos cursos impartidos por Foucault, la noción de la parrhesía se presenta como un elemento clave en su estudio sobre los discursos de verdad. Opuesta a esta noción, es frecuente encontrar la retórica como técnica de persuasión desvinculada de la verdad. En este artículo analizamos algunas de las formas en que Foucault vincula y opone parrhesía y retórica, partiendo de la tesis de que la parrhesía sería aquel tipo de práctica de la verdad que vendría a marcar la distancia entre el discurso de verdad y el discurso falaz. La problemática que se genera en torno a ese límite deriva de la dificultad por establecer un criterio de distinción entre dos modos de ser del discurso, con sus propias formas de veridicción: el parresiástico (en sus formas políticas y filosóficas) y el retórico.
La recepción de Aristóteles por San Agustín
Authors: Granados Valdéz Juan
Published: April 2020

Para el siglo IV d. C. de Aristóteles sólo los tratados de lógica se encontraban disponibles en latín y el conocimiento de otras obras se debió al testimonio de otros. Las traducciones de las Categorías y Sobre la interpretación, de algunas Enéadas de Plotino y la traducción de la Isagoge se debieron a Mario Victorino. Además de lo mencionado debe haber otros accesos a la obra del filósofo macedonio, ya que, para el caso de interés de este artículo, san Agustín tiene obras, como De doctrina cristiana, De dialéctica, La ciudad de Dios, entre otras, en las que o hay menciones explícitas a Aristóteles o sus doctrinas se asemejan mucho. Los objetivos de este trabajo son evidenciar las menciones explícitas que hace de Aristóteles san Agustín en sus obras; exponer los accesos indirectos por medio de otras fuentes a la obra del estagirita que hace el mismo; y presentar el posible uso que hace Agustín de la filosofía del pensador griego.
Nietzsche ante Schopenhauer: negación y reinvención de la finalidad
Authors: Pessis Begoña
Published: April 2020

El objetivo de mi trabajo estriba en reconocer sucintamente algunos de los puntos principales en que se fundamenta la posición de Nietzsche en relación a la teleología natural. El modo de atajar la cuestión será, en esta oportunidad, oponer la visión de Nietzsche al estado en que dejó Schopenhauer la cuestión. Para ello, abordaré en primer lugar algunos de los elementos que emparentan ambos proyectos y, en segundo lugar, un aspecto clave que parece alejarlos irremediablemente. Además de esclarecer este último aspecto, intentaré un acercamiento a la especificidad y originalidad del proyecto nietzscheano sobre el tema.
Entrevista con Emmanuel Levinas por Florian Rötzer en 1986
Authors: Stockebrand Gómez Rafael
Published: April 2020

La presente traducción fue realizada del original “Emmanuel Levinas” publicado en Französische Philosophen im Gespräch (Florian Rötzer) por Boer Verlag. Grafrath en 2015 (2da edición), páginas 89 – 100. Agradezco a la editorial Boer por la autorización para publicar esta traducción. Asimismo agradezco a Sara Bertschik por su constante apoyo y amistad.
The Role of Non-State Actors in Strengthening the Developmental Capacity of the State: A Case Study of Cross Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Oparah Felix Chukwudi , Bassey Enya Ndem , Ohatu Ohatu Ekoh
Published: April 2020

This study examined the role of Non State Actors (NSAs) in strengthening the developmental capacity of the state, using a case study of Cross River State, Nigeria. Primary and secondary data on selected constituents of NSAs including Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Privately Owned Companies, Banks, Private Hospitals and Private Schools were analyzed using tables and charts. The results revealed that activities of NSAs significantly enhance the developmental capacity of Cross River State especially in the areas of provision of public services, knowledge and skill acquisition, infrastructural development and employment generation. Besides other recommendations, it was recommended that NSAs and the government should perform complementary roles in enhancing developmental capacity and that the establishment of more NSAs in the rural areas should be encouraged through the provision of special funding and other incentives for NSAs that have their offices in the rural areas.
Love in Hurston's Art and Life
Authors: Patterson Tiffany Ruby
Published: April 2020

Love centers Zora Neale Hurston's art and her life. Her most celebrated novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, and her sharply criticized autobiography, Dust Tracks on A Road, explore the beauty and difficulties of love for women in the early twentieth century. Janie in Their Eyes was forced to choose between love and freedom to be herself. For Hurston, passionate love for one man competed with her deep desire for a career as a writer and playwright. In all instances, self-fulfillment won out over love.
Melatonin protects mouse oocyte from heat stress damage
Authors: Du Haiyan , Wang Shouhong , Huang Weiwei
Published: April 2020

Objective: To explore the potential effect of melatonin on the in-vitro maturation of mouse oocytes under heat shock condition.Methods: This study used a heat shock model of mouse oocyte maturation. The oocytes were randomly divided into three groups: control group, heat shock group and heat shock + melatonin group, in order to evaluate the effect of 1×10−9 mol/L melatonin on the quality of oocytes after heat shock.Results: In comparison with the control group, the maturation rate of mouse oocytes in heat shock group was significantly decreased [(33.00 ± 0.07)% vs. (85.00 ± 0.03)%, p < .01], with abnormal spindle assembly, and the early apoptosis rate was significantly increased [(59.7 ± 4.5)% vs. (22.0 ± 3.5)%, p < .01]. Compared with heat shock group, the maturation rate ofoocytes was significantly increased in heat shock + melatonin group [(70.00 ± 0.05)% vs. (33.00 ± 0.07)%, p < .01], meanwhile, the spindle abnormality rate and the early apoptosis rate were significantly decreased accordingly [(37.3 ± 6.1)% vs. (59.7 ± 4.5)%, p < .01]. The expression level of heat shock protein 70 was significantly up-regulated in heat shock + melatonin group in comparison with other two groups (p < .01).Conclusions: By regulating the over-expression of heat shock protein 70, melatonin can improve the declined maturation rate of oocytes and the increased rates of spindle assembly abnormality and early apoptosis caused by heat shock.
Occupation-related Cervical Spine Disease in Orthopaedic Surgeons
Authors: Wyatt Ronald WB , Lin Charles C. , Norheim Elizabeth P. , Przepiorski Diane , Navarro Ronald A.
Published: April 2020

Introduction:

Musculoskeletal injury can substantially affect orthopaedic surgeons and productivity. The objective of this study was to assess occupation-related neck pain and cervical radiculopathy/myelopathy among orthopaedic surgeons and to identify the potential risk factors for injury.

Methods:

An online survey was sent to orthopaedic surgeons via their state orthopaedic society. The survey consisted of items related to orthopaedic practices, such as the number of arthroscopic procedures done and the use of microscopes/loupes. The prevalence, potential causes, and reporting practices of neck pain and cervical radiculopathy/myelopathy among orthopaedic surgeons were also assessed.

Results:

There were 685 responses from surgeons representing 27 states. A total of 59.3% of respondents reported neck pain and 22.8% reported cervical radiculopathy. After adjusting for age and sex, surgeons performing arthroscopy had an odds ratio of 3.3 (95% confidence interval: 1.4 to 8.3, P = 0.007) for neck pain. Only five of the surgeons with neck pain and one of the surgeons with cervical radiculopathy/myelopathy had ergonomic evaluations.

Conclusion:

Neck pain and cervical radiculopathy/myelopathy are common among orthopaedic surgeons. Associated factors included older age, higher stress levels, and performing arthroscopy. Cervical injuries are rarely reported, and ergonomic workplace evaluations are infrequent.
The American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Response to COVID-19
Authors: Wright Rick W. , Armstrong April D. , Azar Frederick M. , Bednar Michael S. , Carpenter James E. , Evans Jack B. , Flynn John M. , Garvin Kevin L. , Jacobs Joshua J. , Kang James D. , Lundy Douglas W. , Mencio Gregory A. , Murray Peter M. , Nelson Charles L. , Peabody Terrance , Porter Scott E. , Roberson James R. , Saltzman Charles L. , Sebastianelli Wayne J. , Taitsman Lisa A. , Van Heest Ann E. , Martin David F.
Published: April 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted every aspect of society in a way never previously experienced by our nation's orthopaedic surgeons. In response to the challenges the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery has taken steps to adapt our Board Certification and Continuous Certification processes. These changes were made to provide flexibility for as many Candidates and Diplomates as possible to participate while maintaining our high standards. The American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery is first and foremost committed to the safety and well-being of our patients, physicians, and families while striving to remain responsive to the changing circumstances affecting our Candidates and Diplomates.
Saudi Gender Emotional Expressions in Using Instagram
Authors: Bajri Ibtesam AbdulAziz , Lashkar Nada Abdulmajeed
Published: April 2020

There are plentiful studies exploring gender emotional differences. Gender and emotion stereotypes make people believe that there are certain emotions associated with each gender and this is supported by many studies. The purpose of this research is to analyze the emotional expressions of Saudi men and women in Instagram, a social networking service. This paper aims to explore the Saudi differences of emotional expressions. Also, if gender emotion stereotypes apply on these expressions or not. Data is collected through corpus analysis of Arabic comments for a certain post on Instagram. The results of this study demonstrate that there are differences in Saudis' expressions of emotions in which each gender uses different expressions. Additionally, gender stereotypes of emotions are applied to their emotional expressions that is men express negative emotions more while women express positive emotions. Another result is that women are found to be more emotional than men. Overall, the findings contribute to increase understanding of online emotional expressions of both Saudi genders.
PROBLEM OF FUEL POVERTY IN POLAND
Authors: Wysokiński Marcin , Trębska Paulina , Gromada Arkadiusz
Published: April 2020

The aim of the paper was to assess the level of energy poverty in Poland. In recent years the attempts
were made to define this phenomenon and treat it as a separate concept in relation to income poverty.
Energy poverty is a difficulty in meeting basic energy needs in the place of living at a reasonable price.
The article uses data from the Central Statistical Office and the Institute for Structural Research. The
problem of energy poverty in Poland is important – in 2014, 9.6% of households were at risk of energy
poverty. Energy poverty is a multi-faceted problem that has many negative consequences, which are
harmful to human health and life.
COBWEB THEOREM IN RELATION TO THE FRUIT MARKET
Authors: Zaremba Łukasz
Published: April 2020

The cobweb theorem is the economic theory on the dynamic equilibrium analysis, which is used
not only in agriculture but, when some conditions are fulfilled, on the various markets as well. The theorem
assumes, that producers base their current output on the average price which they obtain in the market
during the previous year. Some researchers accuse, however, that this theorem simplifies the reality too
much, especially while contemporary market is developed and complex. This theorem derives, however,
from the agricultural market, where was primary observed in practice. What was quite predictable was
the fact, that nowadays influence of farm-gate price value from previous year is statistical insignificant
factor on the way to make the production decisions up. This conclusion let us suppose, that producers are
conscious market players. Their production decisions are derivatives of other factors. The statistical tools
used in this paper it is the correlation analysis with lags for first differences of time series of prices and
harvested area of raspberry, chokeberry and black currant.
CHANGES IN THE SALES TO TOTAL PRODUCTION RATIO IN SMALL FARMS FROM
MALOPOLSKIE REGION USING INVESTMENT SUPPORT FROM THE CAP FUNDS
Authors: Żmija Dariusz
Published: April 2020

The aim of the paper is to determine the changes in the sales to total production ratio in small farms
from Malopolskie region using investment suport from the CAP funds in the years 2004-2015. Studies
have shown that thanks to investments co-financed from the CAP, there has been an increase in the sales
to total production ratio of surveyed farms in 2015 by an average of 6.5 pp. compared to 2004. Statistical
calculations also show that there is a significant positive correlation between the change in the area
allocated for crop production and the change in the share of production intended for the market.
Causes of homelessness, attempts to improve their situation and hopes for the future – analysis of individual in-depth interviews of homeless men with higher education
Authors: Chotkowska Katarzyna
Published: April 2020

Analysis of the causes of homelessness and attempts to change their situation among homeless people with higher education are the purpose of the presented article. Losing home among people with higher education is not a common
topic of research and analysis. In society, a homeless person is associated rather with an uneducated person. In order to analyze the reasons, the general situation and actions taken to overcome homelessness, five individual in-depth
interviews with homeless men from the Mazovia region were carried out. All respondents completed university studies. Among the respondents, the main causes of homelessness are addictions and conflicts in marriage. The respondents
admit that it is difficult for them to improve their situation, especially in terms of raising professional qualifications. They have education, so they mostly wonder what other actions they could take. Completed studies show that leaving homelessness, even with a university degree, is not easy. There is no effective system of help for homeless people in this group of people – they are offered jobs or courses and training definitely not corresponding to their possibilities and education.
Importance of supervision in professional development of social workers supporting homeless people
Authors: Szymanowska Joanna
Published: April 2020

The article presents the definitions and functions of supervision significant in the area of social work as well as its individual and institutional benefits. It also presents the results of a pilot study concerning the importance of the instrument of supervision in professional development of social workers. The study showed that the respondents most often participated in sessions providing emotional support, and less often in the sessions offering specialist knowledge.
The way of carrying out the supervision was convergent with the current needs of the respondents; however, participating in supervision did not have much influence on making professional decisions or their quality.
Nem tão “cristianizado” assim: apontamentos sobre as eleições de 1950 em Santa Catarina e a vitória de Getúlio Vargas
Authors: Araujo Camilo Buss
Published: April 2020

A vitória na eleição de 1950 trouxe Getúlio Vargas de volta ao comando do executivo nacional cinco anos após o fim do Estado Novo. Em um pleito eivado de polêmica, o xadrez político nacional balizou as disputas políticas locais. PTB, PSD e UDN buscaram pragmaticamente construir alianças regionais e oferecer bons palanques para seus presidenciáveis nos estados. Após a divulgação dos resultados das urnas e a vitória do líder trabalhista, reconhecidos políticos e jornalistas manifestaram sua inconformidade, responsabilizando o PSD pelo retorno do “ex-ditador”. A pequena votação de Cristiano Machado, candidato pessedista, teria sido motivada pela infidelidade do partido, que abandonara sua candidatura oficial em favor de Vargas. A esse movimento deu-se no nome de “cristianização”. Santa Catarina, em princípio, teria sido um desses casos, no qual o PSD local deslocara seu apoio ao candidato trabalhista. Todavia, ao observar as articulações e alianças políticas regionais, as estratégias de campanha e a votação no estado discriminada por município, é possível observar que o movimento de “cristianização” em Santa Catarina foi ambíguo e a vitória de Vargas foi menos impactante do que se supôs. O intrincado jogo político nacional, suas repercussões locais e as incongruências entre as estratégias de campanha e os resultados das urnas em 1950 são alguns dos elementos que esse artigo se propõe a analisar.Palavras-chave: Eleições. Vargas, Getúlio, 1882-1954. Partidos políticos.
Criando danças com crianças e professores(as) em formação
Authors: Baldi Neila Cristina
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo discute proposições de dança com crianças, que foram pesquisadas tanto na educação básica quanto no ensino superior, com professores(as) em formação. Apresenta a proposta metodológica Espiral do/no Movimento/Conhecimento, que nasce de estudos individuais empíricos no início dos anos 1990, mas que foi desenvolvida no Doutorado em Artes Cênicas, em 2017, pela Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA). A metodologia tem como aportes teóricos-práticos a Educação Somática (a partir do Sistema Laban/Bartenieff e da Coordenação Motora) e o Construtivismo Pós-Piagetiano. A proposta se baseia na tríade de conteúdos: dança-expressividade-estrutura corporal, e em quatro eixos metodológicos: (re)conhecer, (re)significar, explorar e conceituar. Além disso, se propõe a discutir práticas pedagógicas nas infâncias, a partir da gestação de um espetáculo de dança com crianças, desenvolvido dentro do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID), com referência nas pesquisas de Manoel Sarmento (interatividade, ludicidade, fantasia do real e reiteração), e na metodologia discutida.
Um Ventoforte soprou sobre a infância: teatro com crianças da comunidade Associação Esperança de Santa Maria/RS
Authors: Marques Ana Paula Gomes
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo compartilha com o leitor algumas reflexões que emergiram de minha pesquisa de Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso em Licenciatura em Teatro, pela Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). Com o objetivo de investigar as relações entre teatro, infâncias e comunidades, a pesquisa se desenvolveu tendo as crianças da Associação Esperança (Camobi, Santa Maria/RS) como parceiras de trabalho e sujeitos da investigação. A questão da pesquisa se delineou a partir da interrogação: o que as crianças criam a partir da linguagem teatral? Nos encontros que se realizaram semanalmente, foram experimentadas as práticas de Ilo Krugli e do Teatro Ventoforte, que possibilitaram que as crianças, que não haviam tido contato anteriormente com a linguagem teatral, pudessem criar e se expressar por meio dessa arte.
Arte relacional com bebês: o encontro como performance
Authors: Moreira Fernanda Paixão
Published: April 2020

Este texto apresenta reflexões sobre criação de performance com bebês, a partir de uma experiência intitulada Encontro-Performance oferecida para um grupo de bebês por uma artista. Analisa aspectos da arte em sua abordagem relacional, correlações entre baby-art e arte contemporânea e os aspectos estéticos e afetivos da relação entre adulto e bebê, entendendo a performance como espaço potencial para artista e criança.