bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Un análisis comparativo de las estrategias competitivas de los operadores de telecomunicaciones europeos y estadounidenses desde la Crisis Financiera Global.
Authors: De la Cruz Omar
Published: July 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las diferentes estrategias competitivas empleadas por los Operadores de Telecomunicaciones (OTs) europeos y estadounidenses dependiendo del papel de las instituciones, la dinámica particular del mercado doméstico y regional de Estados Unidos y Europa, y el perfil particular de cada operador, a partir de la Crisis Financiera Global (CFG) de 2008. Partiendo de un modelo conceptual basado en Barney, Porter y Peng, como trípode estratégico para definir una estrategia competitiva, se analizan las entrevistas realizadas a cincuenta profesionales que han estado directa o indirectamente involucrados en aspectos relacionados con la gestión estratégica de los siete OTs analizados. La investigación permite obtener un resultado importante: la mayor duración y profundidad de la CFG en Europa y las significativas diferencias coyunturales y estructurales existentes entre ambas regiones propiciaron un entorno y dinámica competitiva menos favorable para los OTs de Europa. Además, las diferencias en el perfil de los mercados locales y en el grado de desarrollo del negocio móvil impactó negativamente en los resultados financieros de los operadores europeos por unas menores sinergias y economías de escala, contribuyendo a su peor desempeño en capitalización. Como consecuencia, la estrategia competitiva y gestión del modelo de negocio de los OTs de Estados Unidos fue más eficaz que la de los OTs europeos.
Perfiles de empleabilidad: el caso de una Universidad española
Authors: Freire Seoane María Jesús , Bermúdez Beatriz López , Montes Carlos Pais
Published: July 2020

El papel tradicional de las Instituciones de Educación Superior como proveedoras de conocimiento e investigación se ha extendido a todo el mundo en las últimas décadas. A la misión original de formación se ha incorporado la de orientación al mercado laboral como un nuevo elemento clave de las estrategias políticas. Este artículo propone un análisis de componentes principales y un modelo logit para medir la influencia de algunos factores que afectan de forma decisiva a la probabilidad de encontrar un empleo. En el análisis se utiliza una muestra de graduados europeos de Educación Superior, y se presentan las titulaciones universitarias más demandadas desde el punto de vista de la empleabilidad. En la investigación se obtienen cinco perfiles principales: expertos en Tecnología de la Información, trabajadores estándar, trabajadores proactivos, community managers e insatisfacción vocacional.
Symbolism and Propaganda Versus Cartographic Scientific Consistency – Three Maps by Pierre Duval, Stjepan Glavač and Johann Christoph Weigl
Authors: Lončar Sven
Published: July 2020

The aim of this paper, based on three maps of the Croatian lands by Stjepan Glavač, Pierre Duval and Johann Christoph Weigl, is to show or rather prove the presence of propaganda messages in cartography as a scientific discipline. The maps were chosen because in research conducted to date, no propaganda elements conveying hidden messages in the area they depict have been identified. The maps reveal elements of propaganda which will be critically interpreted. In the conclusion, a short review of the paper is presented with all the maps and a personal opinion about the maps as propaganda media of that time.
DIRECT BIOLEACHING OF ZINC USING manihot esculenta crantz (cassava) EXTRACT WITHOUT ADDITIVES
Authors: Ajibola Olawale O. , Adebayo Abdullahi O. , Borisade Sunday G. , Adegbenro A. E. , Oloruntoba D. T. , Olubambi P. A.
Published: July 2020

The advent and development of new technologies that will provide better yields, cleaner and a safer environment is a global challenge for the researchers. Traditional solvents used in extraction of minerals are at many times hazardous thereby constituting threats to the ecology. The work reports the direct bioleaching of zinc sourced from Abakaliki-Ishiagwu complex zinc sulphide ore deposit. The sphalerite ore is predominant in Zn with other associated metals Pb, Cu, Fe, Ni, Sb, As, Cd, Au, V, Co, Ag, K, Al and Ca. It covers the pre extraction processes of mineral comminution (crushing and grinding); separation by froth flotation; and roasting. Agro-cyanide was extracted from cassava plant (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaves and was used as leachant without any additive.  The result of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) analysis of the leached liquor (pregnant solution) shows that lead, copper and iron in addition to Zinc, were obtained from the leached ore roast at 149.25 ppm (Zn), 79.25 ppm (Pb), 0.25 ppm (Cu) and 4.25 ppm (Fe) extraction after 21 days. Elongated contact of ZnO ore is not encouraging for Zn extraction as there is a decline in the quantity of Zn, Fe and Cu as the leaching time (days) increases. The mechanism of the Leach next faction is yet to be fully ascertained, hence the need for further work in the area.
Hubungan Pola Makan dan Jumlah Leukosit dengan Jenis Apendisitis di RSUD Sungai Dareh
Authors: Putri Astuti Ardi
Published: July 2020

Influence of Lifestyle Lack of consumption of fibrous foods in the daily menu, allegedly as one of the causes of health problems namely appendicitis. Appendicitis is inflammation that occurs in the appendix or appendix. When suffering from appendicitis, sufferers can feel pain in the lower right abdomen. If left unchecked, the infection can become serious and cause appendicitis to rupture, thereby causing severe pain complaints that endanger the lives of sufferers. The incidence of appendicitis in 2014 ranks eighth as the main cause of death in the world and it is estimated that in 2020 will be the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between diet and the number of leukocytes with the type of appendicitis in Sungai Dareh District Hospital. The number of samples in this study were 32 respondents using the Accidental Sampling technique. Most of the research results were obtained 21 (65.6%) respondents had poor diet, 17 (53.1%) respondents had leukocytosis, 22 (68.8%) respondents had perforated appendicitis, and there was a relationship between eating patterns and Leukocyte count with type of appendicitis.
Nuevos retos para la salud de la democracia. Triple crisis española y cambios económicos, sociales y culturales
Authors: Ubasart Gemma
Published: July 2020

El moviment global, que s’inicia amb la revolta de Seattle el 1999, suposa el punt de partida d'una nova era en la qual es comencen a materialitzar importants transformacions productives, socials i culturals en curs. Aquest canvi d'època internacional es superposa amb l'esgotament d'un cicle polític en la història contemporània espanyola que abraça des de l'aprovació de la Constitució (1978) fins a la irrupció de la triple crisi espanyola a partir de 2008.

En aquest article s'analitza aquesta crisi en la seva declinació econòmica, política i territorial, així com també els corrents de fons que l'originen. Vol posar-se el focus en avaluar la salut de la democràcia. Per avançar en aquest objectiu s'ha realitzat un doble exercici. D'una banda, caracteritzar la cultura política espanyola durant els 30 anys d'estabilitat i descriure les transformacions que es produeixen en ella a partir del canvi de mil·lenni. D'altra banda, explorar aquelles formes de participació que van més enllà de la democràcia representativa i que s'experimenten ja des de la recuperació democràtica.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PENEMUAN TERBIMBING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA SMP NEGERI 11 KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Trinofita Bella , Susanta Agus , Hanifah -
Published: July 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh model pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 11 Kota Bengkulu. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 11 Kota Bengkulu. Sampel penelitian ini adalah kelas VIII D sebagai kelas eksperimen yang menerapkan model pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing dan kelas VIII E sebagai kelas kontrol yang menerapkan strategi pembelajaran ekspositori. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan instrumen tes. Untuk analisis data instrumen tes menggunakan uji-t dengan data berdistribusi normal dan homogen. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai rata-rata hasil belajar siswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan nilai rata-rata hasil belajar siswa yang diajar dengan strategi pembelajaran ekspositori. Nilai rata-rata hasil belajar siswa kelas eksperimen adalah 80,91 dan nilai rata-rata hasil belajar siswa kelas kontrol adalah 59,41. Hal ini sesuai dengan hasil uji hipotesis nilai  thitung = 6,463 > nilai ttabel = 2,000 dengan = 5%. Maka H0 ditolak sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh model pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 11 Kota Bengkulu.Kata Kunci: hasil belajar, penemuan terbimbing, strategi ekspositori AbstractThe aim of the research is to know how to the effect of guided discovery learning model to study’s result student class VIII SMP Negeri 11 Kota Bengkulu. Population of this research is students class VIII SMP Negeri 11 Kota Bengkulu. Sample of this research is student class VIII D for the experiment class apply to guided discovery learning model and class VIII E for control class apply to expository learning strategy. The technique data collection is instrument test. To analyze the instrument test data using the formula t-test with normal distribution data and homogen. Based on the research value the average study’s result experiment class higher than the average study’s result control class. The average of experimental class is 80,91 and the average of control class is 59,41. This is consistent with the value hypothesis test result valuet = 6,463 < value table = 2,000 with   = 5%. Then H0 is rejected so that it can be concluded that there is the effect of guided discovery learning model to study’s result student class VIII SMP Negeri 11 Kota Bengkulu.Keyword: study’s result, guided discovery, expository strategy
PERBEDAAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SAVI (SOMATIC, AUDITORY, VISUAL, INTELLECTUALL) DENGAN PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK PADA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP N 4 KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Putra Rafi , Maulidiya Della , Muchlis Effie Efrida
Published: July 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan  model  pembelajaran  SAVI dengan saintifik  pada materi Statistika terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VIII SMPN 4 Kota Bengkulu. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain penelitian The Nonequivalent Posttest-Only Control Group Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas VIII SMPN 4 Kota Bengkulu. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik Purposive Sampling ditentukan berdasarkan nilai rata-rata tes awal siswa yang sama. Sehingga diperoleh siswa  kelas VIII 7 berjumlah 35 orang sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIII 6 yang terdiri dari 36 orang siswa sebagai kelas kontrol. Uji prasyarat analisis dengan menggunakan uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji-t independent, diperoleh bahwa uji-t independent untuk hasil postes kedua kelas sampel dengan taraf signifikan  didapat angka sig.(2-tailed) = 0,000 < taraf signifikan ( dan  maka H0 ditolak. Menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar matematika antara siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran SAVI dengan pendekatan saintifik dan siswa yang menggunakan pendekatan saintifik saja pada kelas VIII SMP Negeri 4 Kota Bengkulu.Kata Kunci : Hasil belajar, Model pembelajaran SAVI (Somatic, Auditori, Visual, Intellectuall) AbstractThe aim of this study to know SAVI difference with scientific learning model at Statistics material to the results of students' mathematics learning class VIII SMPN 4 Kota Bengkulu. Type of research is quasi-experimental research design with research The Nonequivalent Posttest-Only Control Group Design. The population in this research is class VIII SMPN 4 Kota Bengkulu. Sample selection is done by purposive sampling technique is determined based on the average value of the initial tests the same students. Thus obtained the eighth grade 7 totaling 35 people as an experimental class and class VIII 6 which consists of 36 students as control class. Prerequisite test analysis using normality test and homogeneity test. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, found that the independent t-test to the results of the second post-test sample classwith a significant level obtained  gained sig rate.(2-tailed) = 0,000 < significant level  then H0 is rejected. It indicates that there are differences in learning outcomes mathematics between students who use learning model SAVI approach to scientific and students who use the approach of scientific course at class VIII SMPN 4 Kota BengkuluKeywords: learning outcomes, SAVI learning model (Somatic, Auditori, Visual, Intellectuall)
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN LEARNING CYCLE 5E UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS VIII SMPN 15 KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Budiman Rahmania , Rusdi Rusdi , Muchlis Effie Efrida
Published: July 2020

AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan model learning cycle 5E sehingga dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VIII SMPN 15 Kota Bengkulu. Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga siklus dengan alur penelitian yaitu Perencanaan Tindakan, Pelaksanaan Tindakan, Observasi (Pengamatan), dan Refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII F SMP Negeri 15 Kota Bengkulu tahun ajaran 2017/2018 yang berjumlah 29 orang, dengan siswa laki-laki berjumlah 17 orang dan siswa perempuan berjumlah 12 orang. Pengumpulan data melalui tes hasil belajar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa model Learning Cycle 5E dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa. Hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I ditunjukan dengan nilai rata-rata 65,3 dengan ketuntasan belajar klasikal 48,3%. Pada siklus II, nilai rata-rata siswa adalah 71,9 dengan ketuntasan belajar klasikal sebesar 63,4%. Padasiklus III nilai rata-rata siswa adalah 79,7 dengan ketuntasan belajar klasikal sebesar 82,7%.Kata kunci : Model Pembelajaran Cycle Learning 5E, Hasil belajar matematika AbstractThe purpose of this study to knowing how the application of models of learning cycle 5E so as to improve learning outcomes math class VIII SMPN 15 Bengkulu city. This research is aclassroom action research (PTK). The study was conducted in three cycles withgrooves research is Action Planning, Implementation Measures, Observation(Observation), and Reflections. The subjects were students of class VIII F SMPNegeri 15 Bengkulu City academic year 2017/2018 which amounted to 29 people,with male students numbered 17 people and women students numbered 12 people. Data collected by result of learning. Based on the analysis results of research and discussion, we concluded that the model Learning Cycle 5E can increase the activity and results of students' mathematics learning. Student learning outcomes in the first cycle is shown by the average value of 65,3 with 48,3% classical learningcompleteness. In the second cycle, the average value was 71,9  students withclassical learning completeness amounted to 63,4%. In the third cycle students'average score was 79,7 with classical learning completeness amounted to 82,7%.Keywords : Cycle Learning 5E, Mathematics learning results
VALIDITAS LKPD BERBASIS PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL CONGKLAK MATERI KPK DAN FPB PADA SISWA KELAS IV SD NEGERI 99 KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Fitriani Tamara , Rusdi Rusdi , Agustinsa Ringki
Published: July 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan Lembar Peserta Didik Berbasis Permainan Tradisional Congklak Materi KPK dan FPB Pada Siswa Kelas IV SD Negeri 99 Kota Bengkulu yang memenuhi kategori valid, praktis, dan efektif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan modifikasi model 4D Thiagarajan menjadi 3 tahap yaitu tahap pendefinisian (define), tahap perancangan (design), tahap pengembangan (develop) yang terdiri dari validitas, kepraktisan, dan efektifitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Berbasis Permainan Tradisional Congklak Materi KPK dan FPB Pada Siswa Kelas IV SD Negeri 99 Kota Bengkulu termasuk dalam kategori: (a) valid dari aspek materi, kontruksi, dan bahasa dengan skor rata-rata  4,69; (b) sangat praktis dengan skor rata-rata 4,48; dan (c) efektifitas berdasarkan: 1) aktivitas peserta didik dengan skor rata-rata 4,41 dalam kategori sangat baik; 2) aktivitas pendidik dengan skor rata-rata 4,55 dalam kategori sangat baik; 3) respon peserta didik dengan skor rata-rata 4,49 dalam kategori sangat baik; 5) hasil belajar peserta didik mencapai ketuntasan klasikal. Kata Kunci : Validitas, Kata Kunci : Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik, Permainan Tradisional Congklak. AbstractThis Research was to Produce the Students’ Worksheet based on Congklak Traditional Game with Materials Lowest Common Multiple and Highest Common Factor at Fourth Grade Students SD Negeri 99 Bengkulu City that filled categorries valid, practical, an effective. The research was research and development with modification 4D Thiagarajan became three stages were defining stage, desiging stage, and developing stage that consited of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. and effectiveness test. The result of research showed that students’ worksheet based on traditional game congklak with material KPK and FPB at fourth grade students SD Negeri 99 Bengkulu City included incategories: a) valid from aspects of material, construction, and language with average score 4,69. b) very practical with average score 4,48. c) the effectiveness based on: 1) the students’ activities are with avarage score 4,41 in very good category 2) the teachers’ activities are with avarage score 4,55 in very good category 3) the students’responses are with avaragescore 4,49 in very good category 5) the sudy result of students reached classical thoroughness.Keywords : Validity, The Student’s Worksheets, Congklak Traditional Game
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TWO STAY-TWO STRAY
Authors: Istiqomah Ida , Maulidiya Della , Siagian Teddy Alfra
Published: July 2020

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana cara meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa dengan penerapan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Two Stay Two Stray (TS-TS). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (Classroom Action Research) dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui tes hasil belajar. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII A SMP Negeri 13 Kota Bengkulu Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018 yang terdiri dari 30 siswa. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa melalui penerapan pembelajaran kooperatif Tipe Two Stay Two Stray (TS-TS) pada pembelajaran matematika pokok bahasan segiempat dan segitiga dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dapat dilihat dari nilai rata – rata tes hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I mencapa 58,42; pada siklus II mencapai 76,97; dan pada siklus III mencapai 80.93. Ketuntasan Klasikal pada siklus I hanya mencapai 16,67%; pada siklus II mencapai 63,33%; dan siklus III mencapai 83,33%.Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran Kooperatif, Two Stay Two Stray (TS – TS), Hasil Belajar Siswa Abstract The purpose of this research is to know how to improve student learning achievement by Using Cooperative Learning Two Way Two Stray (TS TS). This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR), where the data collection technique used test of learning achievement. The subjects of this research are the students of class VII/A at SMPN 13 Kota Bengkulu in academic year 2017/2018 which consists of 30 students. The results of this study indicate that the use of Cooperative Learning Two Way Two Stray Learning (TS TS) in mathematics learning with rectangular and triangular subjects can improve students' learning outcomes on mathematics. This is supported by the improvement of the average score of the students' mathematics learning, which in cycle I reach 58.42, thecycle II reaches 76.97, and the cycle III reaches 80.93. Meanwhile, the results of Classical Completeness also showed an improvement, which in cycle I reached 16.67%, cycle II reached 63.33%, and cycle III reached 83.33%.Keyword : cooperative learning, two stay two stray (TS – TS), students achievement.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIVATE DAIRY FARMS IN NORTHLAND: 2. The Adviser's Viewpoint
Authors: Hedley B. R.
Published: July 2020

IT was said once that the greatest thing to happen to dairy farming in the north was the coming of the gumboot. At that point of time, there may have been some truth in the statement as this was the period when farmers were bogged down with the discouragement that seasons of low production, lack of capital for improvement work, and seemingly insurmountable problems had brought.
BEEF PRODUCTION: POTENTIAL AND OUTPUT IN MID-CANTERBURY
Authors: Walker S.D. , Lobb W.R.
Published: July 2020

CLIMATE and pasture production in mid-Canterbury have been discussed by Rickard (1968). Under "dryland" farming conditions, pasture of some 110 to 130 aBys when production is very low reduction is-limited by (1) winters and (2) dry periods of variable incidence and duration during the remainder of the year.
SEASONAL AND ANNUAL VARIATION IN PASTURE PRODUCTION IN CANTERBURY AND NORTH OTAGO
Authors: O'Connor K.F. , Vartha E.W. , Belcher R.A. , Coulter J.D.
Published: July 2020

PASTURES vary greatly in production from place to place, from season to season and from year to year. In this review of grasslands research in Canterbury and North Otago, the intention is to emphasize these variations and to identify some of the factors associated with such variations. In particular, it is intended to illustrate the relationships between production of clover-based pastures and lucerne-based pastures and seasonal factors, especially rainfall.
PROFITABILITY AND ECONOMICS OF CROPPING
Authors: Stewart J.D.
Published: July 2020

THE DATA REQUIREMENTS for an assessment of the profitability of alternative farm management systems are the technical rates of substitution of one enterprise for another, and their price ratios. In a mixed arable system it is necessary to determine relative yields of cash crops, stocking rates and stock performance, and to assess the requirements -of these enterprises for variable and fixed resources. While the basis of analysis would usually .be average yields and current or expected prices, it is often desirable to explore the effect of variation in the critical parameters.
CROWN RUST AND PASTURE PRODUCTION
Authors: Lancashire J.A. , Latch G.C.M.
Published: July 2020

THERE is much information available on New Zealand's grasslands which indicates the vast difference between various theoretical plant (Mitchell, 1963) and animal (Hutton, 1963) production potentials and what is actually achieved in practice. Although these potentials are often regarded with scepticism, the fact remains that many research and demonstration farms and top farmers now produce quantities of animal products per acre which would have appeared ridiculously high a few years ago. Further, much grassland research is concerned with the identification of factors limiting the attainment of these potentials, as shown by work on treading (Edmond, 1966), nutrient cycling under grazing systems (Sears, 1953), and the optimum stage and intensity of defoliation of pasture plants (Brougham, 1961).
TRACE ELEMENT PROBLEMS IN THE WAIRARAPA
Authors: Grace N.D.
Published: July 2020

Copper deficiency in cattle is reflected by unthriftiness, reproductive problems, anaemia, poor growth and scours, while in sheep osteoporosis and ataxia conditions are observed in lambs. Copper deficiency can be induced in animals grazing copper-adequate pastures by an increase in dietary molybdenum The excess molybdenum interferes with the copper metabolism and reduces the blood and liver levels of copper. Increasing the dietary copper imake overcomes the toxic effect of molybdenum. The possibility of inducing a copper deficiency in grazing livestock must be kept in mind when improving pasture production by the addition of molybdenum and changing pasture species.
TRACE ELEMENT PROBLEMS IN THE WAIRARAPA
Authors: Mcivor A.R.
Published: July 2020

THE PURPOSE of this paper is to outline briefly the problems involving trace elements and to locate broadly the areas concerned within the district. Several major elements will also be discussed.
THE PRESENT METHODS OF PASTURE ESTABLISHMENT
Authors: Baker C.J.
Published: July 2020

CULTIVATION and the placement of seed in a suitable environment in which to germinate and establish is as much an art as it is a science. While the components of such a seedbed can be modified scientifically, their identification and the selection of the most suitable sowing technique in a field situation are seldom aided by objective measurements. The choice of which technique to implement in any one situation requires judgement acquired mainly from experience.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE OF 'GRASSLANDS 4700' WHITE CLOVER
Authors: Barclay P.C.
Published: July 2020

A brief outline is given of the breed'ing of the new clover 'Grasslands 4700'. Reports are made on the performance of 4700 as single plants at Kaikohe, Palmerston North: Lincoln and Gore, and -as motin swards with associated grasses at Palmerston North. ln all trials, 4700 was superior to Hum in wmter, and equal to or better than Huia in the summer, except at Lincoln where it was inferior. Based on these results seed was released for widespread trials in order to assess its regional adaptation and its performance in mixed swards under different systems of management.
FREQUENCY AND INTENSITY OF GRAZING AND THEIR EFFECTS ON PASTURE PRODUCTION
Authors: Brougham R.W.
Published: July 2020

IN New Zealand, as in a number of other pastoral areas (A the world, controversy has surrounded the value of pasture management studies using indices such as dry matter production as an aid to predicting possible animal production levels per unit area. This stems from the fact that investigators studying the significance of different frequencies and intensities of grazing on pasture production and species productivity have been able to demonstrate very large differences in herbage production levels, whereas animal production studies using parameters of animal production as indices in these same environments have frequently failed to reflect such large differences. This is in spite of the fact that the extra production obtained in the pasture studies is frequently of high quality and is a very desirable feed for livestock.
THE PASTURE PROSPECTS OF THE HUMID GRASSLANDS OF SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Booysen P.de V.
Published: July 2020

It was my original intention to present a review of past and present pasture research in South Africa and to speculate on future developments in pasture production and research.
EVALUATION OF PASTURE QUALITY UNDER NEW ZEALAND CONDITIONS
Authors: Ulyatt M.J.
Published: July 2020

Pasture quality has been defined as a function of both intake and nutritive value. Results of New Zealand work on the quality of individual pasture species is collated. All grasses studied were of higher quality than perennial ryegrass and the legumes were higher again than the grasses. Possible reasons for these differences are considered. The role of digestibility in defining pasture quality has been examined and 'it was concluded that digestibility is a useful index for low and medium quality herbage, but is of limited use for high quality herbage. Consideration is given to the choice of a suitable index for high quality herbages.
GERMINATION AND SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT STUDIES OF OVERSOWN L.UCERNE ON UNCULTIVATED COUNTRY
Authors: Janson C.G.
Published: July 2020

The talk delivered at the Grassland Conference was a summary of the following two papers which were published recently in the New Zealand journal of Agricultural Reseurch: Lucerne Establishment Studies on Uncultivated Country. I. Germination and seeding establishment. II. A nodulation problem, by C. G. Janson and J. G. White. N.Z. Jl ngric. Res., 14: 572-96. 1971. For full details of the experiment, this journal should be consulted. A summary of the paper is given below.
FARMING EXPERIENCES IN THE CENTRAL PUMICE COUNTRY
Authors: Ward J.N.
Published: July 2020

IN December 1959, fifteen farms were ballotted for in the Rotorua area and the writer was lucky enolugh to draw one at Whakamaru. It was 294 acres, divided into six paddocks with no woolshed or yards. It had a good type of farm house, an implement shed, a deep well and pump and each of the paddocks was watered. The value of the improvements on this blcck was $18,400 of which $4,200 was paid in cash. Security was taken over a car and other personal assets. At that time the value of the car, horses and dogs and implements was acceptable as part of the deposit.
THE ECONOMICS OF FORESTRY VERSUS PASTURE
Authors: Jackman J.B.
Published: July 2020

The post-tax returns/acre/annum of farm woodlot scale forestry are compared with sheep siocked at 5 stock units/acre. The results are presented as a break-even timber value. This is the paint at which returns from forestry and farming are equal, thereby implying that farm forestry would be more profitable than sheep grazing at timber values above the breakeven.
AN EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE CAPACITANCE METER FOR ESTIMATING THE YIELD OF DAIRY PASTURES
Authors: Bryant A.M. , Parker F. , Cook M.A.S. , Taylor M.J.
Published: July 2020

An electronic capacitance meter was used to estimate pasture yield in a grazing experiment of two years' duration. One day each month a yield measurement and meter reading were made at ten sites within each of four paddocks. The regression of pasture dry weight on meter reading was calculated for each of 84 paddocks and only about half were found significant at the 5% level. Significant differences in regression coeficients or intercepts existed between individual paddock regressions for 19 of the 21 months. Pred'iction of yield was least reliable in autumn. It is concluded that factors causing variations in yield-meter reading relationships need identification and their effects reduced before the meter can be used widely in grazing trials
Islamism is the Basis, the Ideology of Terrorism, and its Difference From a Genuine, Civilized Islam
Authors: Gaiibnazarov Sh.
Published: July 2020

This article reveals the issues of Islamism — the basis, the ideology of terrorism and its difference from genuine, civilized Islam, as well as the activities of extremist and terrorist organizations, which have a negative impact not only on the economic development of several regions of the world where the interests of leading world authors intersect but also exacerbate the relationship between them.
Clare's Poetic Binomials
Authors: Edwall Christy
Published: July 2020

John Clare's confessed preference for the ‘vulgar’ names of flowers and his apparent dismissal of the sexual system as ‘darkness visible’ seems to keeps the taint of Linnaean influence at a distance. His enumeration of flowers in ‘The Wild Flower Nosgay’, however, looks very much like two eighteenth-century descriptive procedures: poetic diction and binomial nomenclature. Dryden's popular translation of Virgil's Georgics modified a classical inheritance of compound epithets into phrases later recognised as poetic diction. This inheritance finds an unexpected consonance in the binomial nomenclature of Linnaeus, who loved the Georgics and referred to them in his work. By comparing poetic diction and binomial nomenclature, this essay investigates the resources of compression or visibility which either procedure might offer to a bookish and keen-sighted poet like Clare. In doing so, it reiterates the case for Clare's immersion in eighteenth-century poetic procedure.
John Clare: Undersong
Authors: Mackenney Francesca
Published: July 2020

In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, scientists discovered apposite similarities between how the nesting bird learns to sing and how the human child learns to speak. This article explores the parallels that John Clare observed between the ‘mutterings’ of the bird while learning to sing and his own processes of composition. By examining the deep connections between Clare's responsiveness to birdsong and the ways in which he conceived of the poetic voice, this article seeks to extend and, in certain respects, redefine some of the key terms which have framed responses to the writings of this so-called ‘peasant-poet’: ‘agency’, ‘craft’ and ‘self-consciousness’.
Thinking with Birds: John Clare and the Phenomenology of Perception
Authors: Falke Cassandra
Published: July 2020

John Clare's bird's nest poems create much of their dramatic interest by emphasising the vulnerability of the birds, the fragility of the eggs, and the interdependence of the surrounding ecosystem. This essay draws on concepts from French phenomenology to discuss the poet-speaker's embeddedness in a particular moment within that ecosystem and the extent to which his own vulnerability facilitates empathy with the birds he meets. Clare foregrounds the tension between pre-reflective processes, which Maurice Merleau-Ponty calls ‘operative intentionality’, and the categorical concepts or expectations that fail to account for these. He establishes the birds' own perceptive acts as part of what is given within operative intentionality, without claiming that his understanding is adequate to thinking with a bird or conceptualizing the delight of discovery. Jean-Luc Marion's concept of ‘saturated phenomenality’ provides a means of describing the surplus of what phenomenologists call ‘intuition’, to which Clare's bird's nest poems often attest.
Immune Responses and Growth Performance of the Aqueous Methanolic Extract of Malva sylvestris in Oncorhynchus mykiss
Authors: BİLEN Soner , KARGA Mustafa , ÇELİK ALTUNOĞLU Yasemin , ULU Ferhat , BISWAS Gouranga
Published: July 2020

Growth promoting and immune stimulating effects of common mallow (Malva sylvestris) aqueous methanolic extract (AME) in O. mykiss were examined. Two different concentrations of common mallow AME [0.1 (CM1) and 0.5 (CM5) g kg-1 of feed] commixed a basic diet and a control diet without the common mallow extract were fed to rainbow trout for 30 days to evaluate growth rate and immune responses. At the end of the study, fish growth performance was determined as significantly higher in the group fed with 0.1 g kg-1 common mallow AME compared with control diet fed group (P<0.05). In fish fed with CM5 diet, oxidative radical production (ORP) was the highest (P<0.05). Similarly, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was increased significantly in CM5 group. Lysozyme (LYS) and phagocytic activities (PA) were not altered in treated fish groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). The pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, TNF-α1, IL-8,), anti-infammatory (IL-10), lymphocyte agonist (TGF-β) and cell-mediated immune regulatory, IL-12 cytokines were generally down-regulated insignificantly compared to control. Although, common mallow AME could not elicit cytokine-mediated immunity and resistance to bacterial pathogen, A. hydrophila in rainbow trout, elevation in ORP and MPO activities in treated groups and growth promoting effect were noticed at a low dose. Therefore, application AME of common mallow at 0.1 g kg-1 of feed as growth promoter and non-specific immunostimulant is advocated for rainbow trout.
Influence of Geographical Effects in Hedonic Pricing Models for Grass-Fed Cattle in Uruguay
Authors: Harris Paul , Lanfranco Bruno , Lu Binbin , Comber Alexis
Published: July 2020

A series of non-spatial and spatial hedonic models of feeding and replacement cattle prices at video auctions in Uruguay (2002 to 2009) were specified with predictors measuring marketing conditions (e.g., steer price), cattle characteristics (e.g., breed) and agro-ecological factors (e.g., soil productivity, water characteristics, pasture condition, season). Results indicated that cattle prices produced under extensive production systems were influenced by all of predictor categories, confirming that found previously. Although many of the agro-ecological predictors were inherently spatial in nature, the incorporation of spatial effects into the estimation of the hedonic model itself, through either a spatially-autocorrelated error term or allowing the regression coefficients to vary spatially and at different scales, was able to provide greater insight into the cattle price process. Through the latter extension, using a multiscale geographically weighted regression, which was the most informative and most accurate model, relationships between cattle price and predictors operated at a mixture of global, regional, local and highly local spatial scales. This result is considered a key advance, where uncovering, interpreting, and utilizing such rich spatial information can help improve the geographical provenance of Uruguayan beef and is critically important for maintaining Uruguay’s status as a key exporter of beef with respect to the health and safety benefits of natural, open-sky, grass-fed production systems.
Host Specificity of Endophytic Fungi from Stem Tissue of Nature Farming Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) in Japan
Authors: Mohammad Golam Dastogeer Khondoker , Oshita Yutaro , Yasuda Michiko , Kanasugi Makoto , Matsuura Eri , Xu Qicong , Okazaki Shin
Published: July 2020

To understand the distribution of the cultivable fungal community in plant tissues from nature farming tomato plants, we sampled plants of seven different tomato cultivars and recovered 1742 fungal isolates from 1895 stem tissues sampled from three sites in Japan. Overall, the isolation frequency was low (3–13%) and the isolation and colonization frequencies did not vary significantly as a function of the cultivar. The fungi were divided into 29 unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with 97% ITS gene sequence identity, the majority of which belong to Ascomycota (99.3%). The dominant genera of cultivable endophytic fungi were Fusarium (45.1%), Alternaria (12.8%), Gibberella (12.0%), and Dipodascus (6.8%). The alpha diversity of the fungal endophytes varied among tomato cultivars. Ordination analysis performed to investigate patterns of endophyte community assemblages on the various cultivars revealed that host cultivars had a significant impact on the endophyte community assemblages in all the study sites. Some of the taxa Fusarium, Alternaria, and Penicillium were found on all cultivars, while few were uniquely present in different cultivars. The dominant taxa may be adapted to the particular microecological and physiological conditions present in tomato stems.
Profile of Enterobacteria Resistant to Beta-Lactams
Authors: Santos Andressa Liberal , dos Santos Adailton Pereira , Ito Célia Regina Malveste , Queiroz Pedro Henrique Pereira de , de Almeida Juliana Afonso , de Carvalho Júnior Marcos Antonio Batista , de Oliveira Camila Zanatta , Avelino Melissa Ameloti G. , Wastowski Isabela Jubé , Gomes Giselle Pinheiro Lima Aires , Souza Adenícia Custódia Silva e , Vasconcelos Lara Stefânia Netto de Oliveira Leão , Santos Mônica de Oliveira , da Silva Carla Afonso , Carneiro Lilian Carla
Published: July 2020

A serious emerging problem worldwide is increased antimicrobial resistance. Acquisition of coding genes for evasion methods of antimicrobial drug mechanisms characterizes acquired resistance. This phenomenon has been observed in Enterobacteriaceae family. Treatment for bacterial infections is performed with antibiotics, of which the most used are beta-lactams. The aim of this study was to correlate antimicrobial resistance profiles in Enterobacteriaceae by phenotypic methods and molecular identification of 14 beta-lactamase coding genes. In this study, 70 exclusive isolates from Brazil were used, half of which were collected in veterinary clinics or hospitals Phenotypic methodologies were used and real-time PCR was the molecular methodology used, through the Sybr Green system. Regargding the results found in the tests it was observed that 74.28% were resistant to ampicillin, 62.85% were resistant to amoxicillin associated with clavalunate. The mechanism of resistance that presented the highest expression was ESBL (17.14%). The genes studied that were detected in a greater number of species were blaGIM and blaSIM (66.66% of the samples) and the one that was amplified in a smaller number of samples was blaVIM (16.66%). Therefore, high and worrying levels of antimicrobial resistance have been found in enterobacteria, and a way to minimize the accelerated emergence of their resistance includes developing or improving techniques that generate diagnoses with high efficiency and speed.
Antibacterial Activity of Bacteriocinogenic Commensal Escherichia coli against Zoonotic Strains Resistant and Sensitive to Antibiotics
Authors: Mazurek-Popczyk Justyna , Pisarska Justyna , Bok Ewa , Baldy-Chudzik Katarzyna
Published: July 2020

Antibiotic resistance concerns various areas with high consumption of antibiotics, including husbandry. Resistant strains are transmitted to humans from livestock and agricultural products via the food chain and may pose a health risk. The commensal microbiota protects against the invasion of environmental strains by secretion of bacteriocins, among other mechanisms. The present study aims to characterize the bactericidal potential of bacteriocinogenic Escherichia coli from healthy humans against multidrug-resistant and antibiotic-sensitive strains from pigs and cattle. Bacteriocin production was tested by the double-layer plate method, and bacteriocin genes were identified by the PCR method. At least one bacteriocinogenic E. coli was detected in the fecal samples of 55% of tested individuals, adults and children. Among all isolates (n = 210), 37.1% were bacteriocinogenic and contained genes of colicin (Col) Ib, ColE1, microcin (Mcc) H47, ColIa, ColM, MccV, ColK, ColB, and single ColE2 and ColE7. Twenty-five E. coli carrying various sets of bacteriocin genes were further characterized and tested for their activity against zoonotic strains (n = 60). Strains with ColE7 (88%), ColE1-ColIa-ColK-MccH47 (85%), MccH47-MccV (85%), ColE1-ColIa-ColM (82%), ColE1 (75%), ColM (67%), and ColK (65%) were most active against zoonotic strains. Statistically significant differences in activity toward antibiotic-resistant strains were shown by commensal E. coli carrying MccV, ColK-MccV, and ColIb-ColK. The study demonstrates that bacteriocinogenic commensal E. coli exerts antagonistic activity against zoonotic strains and may constitute a defense line against multidrug-resistant strains.
Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress in Children: Influence of Puberty and Metabolically Unhealthy Status
Authors: Rupérez Azahara I. , Mesa María D. , Anguita-Ruiz Augusto , González-Gil Esther M. , Vázquez-Cobela Rocío , Moreno Luis A. , Gil Ángel , Gil-Campos Mercedes , Leis Rosaura , Bueno Gloria , Aguilera Concepción M.
Published: July 2020

Oxidative stress could help explain the relationship between childhood obesity and a metabolically unhealthy (MU) status. Moreover, puberty could also influence this relationship, since it entails physiological cardiometabolic changes. We aimed to evaluate plasma antioxidants and oxidative stress biomarkers in MU and metabolically healthy (MH) prepubertal and pubertal children and their associations with pro-inflammatory and endothelial damage biomarkers, taking puberty into account. A total of 1444 Spanish children aged 3–17 years (48.9% males, 66% prepubertal, 47.1% with obesity) were recruited. Blood pressure, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured, and children were categorized as having a MU or MH status according to risk factors. Retinol, carotenes, tocopherols, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidized low-density lipoprotein and selected pro-inflammatory and endothelial damage biomarkers were analyzed. General linear models adjusted for age, sex, recruitment center and body mass index, partial correlations and stepwise linear regressions were performed. Lower carotenes and tocopherols levels were found in MU than in MH children. Plasma TAC was lower in prepubertal and higher in pubertal children with obesity compared to normal-weight children. Antioxidants and oxidative stress biomarkers showed novel associations with several pro-inflammatory and endothelial damage biomarkers, with pubertal differences, supporting the importance of considering both the antioxidant and oxidative stress status and puberty in the prevention of metabolic diseases in childhood.
Enteromorpha prolifera Extract Improves Memory in Scopolamine-Treated Mice via Downregulating Amyloid-β Expression and Upregulating BDNF/TrkB Pathway
Authors: Baek Seung Yeon , Li Fu Yi , Kim Da Hee , Kim Su Jin , Kim Mee Ree
Published: July 2020

Enteromorpha prolifera, a green alga, has long been used in food diets as well as traditional remedies in East Asia. Our preliminary study demonstrated that an ethyl acetate extract of Enteromorpha prolifera (EAEP) exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity compared to ethanol or water extracts. Nonetheless, there has been no report on the effect of EAEP on memory impairment due to oxidative damage. This study investigated whether EAEP could attenuate memory deficits in an oxidative stress-induced mouse model. EAEP was orally administered (50 or 100 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) to mice and then scopolamine was administered. The oral administration of EAEP at 100 mg/kg b.w. significantly restored memory impairments induced by scopolamine, as evaluated by the Morris water maze test, and the passive avoidance test. Further, EAEP upregulated the protein expression of BDNF, p-CREB, p-TrkB, and p-Akt. Moreover, EAEP downregulated the expression of amyloid-β, tau, and APP. The regulation of cholinergic marker enzyme activities and the protection of neuronal cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death in the brain of mice via the downregulation of amyloid-β and the upregulation of the BDNF/TrkB pathway by EAEP suggest its potential as a pharmaceutical candidate to prevent neurodegenerative diseases.
Examining the Effects of Introducing and Combining Electric-Arc Furnace Slag and Ceramic Waste in a Single Self-Consolidating, High-Strength Concrete Mix
Authors: Soleimani Sayed Mohamad , Alaqqad Abdel Rahman , Jumaah Adel , Majeed Abdulaziz
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of introducing waste materials sourced from factories in Kuwait as partial replacements of conventional concrete materials. Rejected ceramic products and unused electric-arc furnace slag were treated and partially replaced portions of coarse and fine aggregates, and the possibility of partially replacing cement was also examined. Initial results showed that all aggregate sizes can be replaced with either of the waste materials without compromising the concrete’s rheological properties or compressive strength. Additionally, pulverized ceramic powder was shown to improve the compressive strength of mortar cube samples. Finally, the two waste materials were combined in hybrid mixes that aimed to have the highest utilization of waste materials while maintaining (if not improving) the properties of a previously established benchmark self-consolidating concrete (SCC) mix. The results of this study show that waste materials sourced from landfills in Kuwait can be repurposed to replace portions of conventional construction materials in a self-consolidating, high-performance concrete mix with significantly better mechanical properties and higher compressive strength than that shown by a benchmark mix.