bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mexican Bean Beetle Control in Soybeans, 1979
Authors: Hellman John L. , Curtis W. , Venable L. , Newton P. , Powell M.
Published: March 2022

York variety soybeans were planted on May 22 in 30 inch rows near Preston, Caroline County, Maryland. At time of treatment plants were nearing maturity. Treatment plots within the production field were 5 × 20 ft rows with the center 3 rows used for sampling. Treatments were applied on September 15 with a back-pack CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 30 gpa at 30 psi. Post treatment counts were made on September 14 using the plant-shake ground cloth method. At the time of sampling the population structure was 15% larvae, 50% pupae and 35% adults. Although the larval pupation was peaking, population levels were sufficient for a good test.
Soybean, Aerial Insecticide Application for Control of Mexican Bean Beetle and Bean Leaf Beetle And Evaluation Of Effects Of Treatments on Predators And Parasites, 1978
Authors: Hellman John L. , Dively Galen , Azarion G. , Burtman John
Published: March 2022

Essex soybeans were planted on May 11 near Linkwood, MD in 30 in rows and at the time of spray treatments, plants were in the R-6 stage of maturity. Treatment plots within a production field were single 5 acre blocks. Treatments Sept T’78 were randomized within the field but not replicated. Post treatment samples on Sept 5’78 were taken with 3 random sets of 50 net sweeps (15 inch dia net) per block. Post treatment survival counts of Pediobius were made by collecting 25 parasitized Mexican bean beetle larvae (mummies) per treatment block and holding these until the wasps emerged usually 1-2 weeks after collection. Sprays were applied by helicopter with 47T hollow cone nozzles 23 with No. 3 tips and No. 25 cores and 24 witfi No. 2 tips and 23 cores calibrated to deliver 3 gal/acre at 4 mph and 60 PSI. At time of treatment Sept 1 foliage damage by MBB in all plots ranged 20-40%. Larvae were mature (most in the last 2 instars) and pupation was underway in all plots.
Green Cloverworm Efficacy Trials, 1979
Authors: Pedigo L. , Higgins R. , Bechinski E. , Buntin D. , Funderburk J.
Published: March 2022

Ninety-six soybean plots (var. Elf) were located 4 miles southwest of Ames, Iowa. Each plot measured 40 ft × 4 rows (30-in centers) and was bordered by 2 buffer rows. Experimental design was a randomized complete block, 4 blocks, each with 24 treatments. Treatments are presented in the table. Treatments were applied on July 18 with a 4-row, C02_charged bicycle sprayer (liquid output 20.25 gal/a). Delavan BC 10-70° No. 6 nozzles were used. Weather conditions during the afternoon spraying were: slightly cloudy, breeze ca. 3 mph, and temperature ca 79° F. Soybeans were in growth stage R2 (full bloom) at spraying and had progressed through R3 (pods growing in size) when sampling terminated. Successive rows of each plot were sampled with a 15-in dia. sweep net (20 sweeps/plot) on 4 dates: July 18 (pre-treatment), July 19 (24-hr post-treatment), July 21 (3 days posttreatment), and July 25 (7 days post-treatment). Samples were examined for insects in the laboratory. Plants were examined for visual signs of phytotoxicity, viz., discoloration of leaves, on July 22 and August 2. Measurable rainfall occurred on July 22, 23, and 24 with 0.5, 0.4, and 0.15 inch of rain, respectively.
Sugarcane Borer Control, 1979
Authors: Reagan T. E. , Flynn J. L.
Published: March 2022

SUGARCANE BORER CONTROL, 1979: Insecticide sprays were applied 3-weeks apart in a block of plant sugarcane located on the St. Gabriel Experiment Station near Baton Rouge, to determine season-long control of sugarcane borer (SCB) infestations. A randomized complete block experimental design was employed with treatments replicated 5 times. Individual plots were 3 rows spaced 6 ft apart × 24.2 ft (0,1 acre). Each spray concentration was applied to the sugarcane plant canopy in water at 30 psi with a compressed air knapsack sprayer that delivered 25 gal finished formulation per acre. Insecticide applications were begun after internodes were first visible above ground and when 5% of the stalks contained small SCB larvae in leaf sheaths. Three applications of each insecticide were made (July 16, August 7, 31). The efficacy of individual insecticide treatments was determined at harvest time by residual control comparisons of % internodes bored in treated plots. Twenty stalks were randomly selected from the center row of each plot on September 22 and examined for external signs of SCB entrance and exit holes.
Control of Tobacco Flea Beetles, Aphids, and Grasshoppers on Burley Tobacco, 1979
Authors: Pless C. D. , Shamiyeh N. B.
Published: March 2022

Twenty-two insecticide treatments were evaluated. Soil insecticides were applied and incorporated prior to transplanting on June 6. Foliar sprays were applied with 2.5 gal compressed air sprayers at 30 gal/acre. Portable CO2 tanks supplied a constant sprayer tank pressure of 30 psi. Foliar applications were made on a 14-day schedule for a total of five beginning June 25. Plots were 20 ft × 3 rows spaced 40 inches apart; plants were spaced 14 inches apart. Four randomized complete blocks were separated from each other by 5 ft alleys. Flea beetle damage was evaluated as feeding holes/10 leaves; counts were made on the fifth leaf (of width greater than 2 in) from the top of the plant. Aphid ratings ranged from 0 (no evident infestation) to 5 (heavy infestation with necrosis of lower leaf bases). Grasshopper damage ratings ranged from 0 (no damage) to 3 (heavy damage to at least 3/4 of the leaves). Insect feeding and damage evaluations were based on 40 leaf samples.
Azalea, Azalea Caterpillar, 1979
Authors: Schultz P. B. , Parnell L. A.
Published: March 2022

On Aug 29’79 established nursery-grown azaleas were used to test five insecticides for control of azalea caterpillars. Larval counts of the replicated treatments were made prior to treatment and 24 and 48 hours after treatments. Insecticides were applied using a 1-gal Ion B & G compressed air sprayer at 30 psi. Plants were treated to runoff.
Green Peach Aphid Control on Chrysanthemum, 1978
Authors: Neal John W. , Drake Gale E.
Published: March 2022

Chrysanthemums 6 weeks old and about 24 inches high, were selected from a bench of greenhouse grown plants with a large infestation of the green peach aphid. Plants were divided into 6 groups of 9 each. Spray solutions were prepared from formulated materials in water and each treatment was applied to run-off with a Hudson Climax sprayer. Water was applied to check plants with a Hudson sprayer with no history of chemical use. On day 2 post-treatment, 6 leaves were removed from the lower half of each plant and examined under a stereo-microscope for the number of live aphids.
Green Peach Aphid Control on Chrysanthemum, 1978
Authors: Neal John W. , Drake Gale E.
Published: March 2022

Greenhouse grown chrysanthemums, 8 to 12 weeks old and heavily infested with green peach aphids were selected. Plants were divided into 7 groups of 9 plants per treatment. Spray solutions prepared from formulated materials in water were applied to run-off with a Hudson Climax sprayer. Check plants were sprayed with wafer from a Hudson sprayer with no history of chemical use. On days 5 and 6 post-treatment, 6 lower leaves were removed from each test plant and examined with a stereo-microscope for the number of live aphids.
Apple, Effectiveness of Combinations of Phosalone with Methomyl or Penncap Min the Control of

P

.

Flavedana

, 1979
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Ponton L. F.
Published: March 2022

Three adjacent 24-tree plots (12 in each of 2 adjacent rows - Winesap cultivar) were included in this experiment conducted at Massies Mill, Virginia. Materials were applied to one side (alternated on successive dates) only on each spray date with a Swanson airblast sprayer calibrated for 6X spraying to deliver 25 gpa (233.84 liters/ha) from one side, at 2 mph (3.22 km/hr) with a pump pressure of 100 psi (7.03 kg/cm2) . Treatments and the azinphosmethyl standard were applied on May 30, Jun 6, 13, 20, 27, Jul 9, 16, 25, Aug 1, 10, 17, 28 (Table 1). Leafroller spinups were collected from each plot, the grower's orchard, and two adjacent integrated plots and examined microscopically in the laboratory on Aug 10 (Table 2). Fruit examinations were made in the orchard on Aug 28 (Table 3). European red mite populations caused some bronzing by late summer so an Aug 29 mite count was taken. Results are presented in Table 4. The Henderson-McBumie mite brushing technique was used to obtain these data from a 25-leaf sample (5 leaves from each of 5 trees.
Citrus Mealybug Control on Coleus in the Greenhouse, Georgia 1979
Authors: Oetting Ronald D.
Published: March 2022

Six insecticides were evaluated for efficacy in controlling citrus mealybug on coleus. Insecticides were applied as foliar sprays to coleus grown in Metro Mix 300 in 115 mm square pots maintainedon raised green-house benches. Treatment plots were single plants and replicated 5 times. Application was April 30'79 (temperature 30 C) with a hand CO2 sprayer at 30 psi utilizing an 8003 nozzle and applied to the point of run-off. Granules were premeasured and scattered evenly over the soil surface. Efficacy was evaluated by counting the adult and immature mealybugs on the lower surface of 2 leaves on each plant before and at weekly intervals following application.
Marigold, Flower Thrips, Twospotted Spider Mite and Aphid Control, 1979
Authors: Schuder Donald L.
Published: March 2022

Eleven treatments were applied to 'Lemon Drop' marigolds at the Federated Church, West Lafayette, Indiana on July 3'79. Foliar application were made with a B & G stainless steel sprayer operating at 30 psi. A randomized block design with 3 replicates was used. The temperature was 82°F at the time of application. Each plot consisted of an individual plant 8-10 inches high. One month after treatment on Aug 5th 5-6 inch foliage and flower samples were removed, bagged, taken to the laboratory and placed in a Berlese funnel. The thrips, aphids and mites collected were counted under a binocular microscope.
Phytotoxicity on Ornamental Plants Resulting From Applications of Pentac, Georgia, 1979
Authors: Oetting Ronald D.
Published: March 2022

Two formulations of Pentac (HRS-16-H, 50W and AG9-4035, 2E) were applied to greenhouse plants for phytotoxicity evaluation. An experiment was conducted at the GA Exper Sta, Experiment; on raised greenhouse benches during the summer 1979. Pentac 50W and 2E were applied to 15 different floricultural plants. Each treatment was applied to 5 plants of each species, each plant was grown in Metro Mix 300 in a 115 mm pot. Three applications were made at 2 week intervals and 3 applications at weekly intervals. Temperatures at application ranged from 26 to 32 C. A bedding plant phytotoxicity test was initiated on May 25'79 at the GA Mtn Exper Sta, Blairsville; on raised greenhouse benches. Pentac 50W was applied to 9 different bedding plants, each in a 6 plant pack with individual plants rooted In 50 × 55 mm units filled with Metro Mix 220. Two applications were made at 2 week intervals and at a temperature of 21 C. Treatment levels, in both experiments, were 4, 8, and 16 oz ai/100 gal finished spray. Application was to the point of run-off with a hand CO2 sprayer at 30 psi and an 8003 nozzle. Plants were observed weekly for phytotoxicity which was evaluated on a scale of: 0 = no damage; 1 = slight damage; 2 = moderate, affects marketability; and 3= heavy, unmarketable. Each treatment was evaluated on it's overall appearance to determine the degree of phyto-toxicity and the data in the table represents the highest level of damage observed during the test period. Untreated checks of each species were maintained to aid in evaluating phytotoxicity.
Phytotoxicity Resulting From Application of Selected Insecticides on Bedding Plants, Georgia, 1979
Authors: Getting Ronald D.
Published: March 2022

An experiment was con-ducted at the GA Mtn Exper Sta, Bloirsville, evaluating phytotoxicity on bedding plants maintained on raised greenhouse benches. A treatment plot consisted of a 6 plant pack/species of bedding plant with individual plants rooted in 50 × 55 mm units filled with Metro Mix 220. Foliar sprays to the point of run-off were initiated on Mar 29'79 utilizing a hand CO2 sprayer at 30 psi and an 8003 nozzle. Three applications of Pirimor were made at weekly intervals and Pramex and Orthene were applied twice at a 2 week interval (temperatures 21, 23, and 27 C respectively). Each treatment was observed weekly for phyto-toxicity and was evaluated on the overall appearance of the plants of each species compared to an untreated check on a scale of: 0 = no damage, 1 = slight damage - not affect marketability, 2 = moderate damage - affect marketability, and 3 = heavy damage - unmarketable.
Phytotoxicity Resulting From Application of Selected Insecticides on Bedding Plants, Georgia, 1979
Authors: Pilitt Dana R. , Neal John W.
Published: March 2022

An experiment was con-ducted at the GA Mtn Exper Sta, Bloirsville, evaluating phytotoxicity on bedding plants maintained on raised greenhouse benches. A treatment plot consisted of a 6 plant pack/species of bedding plant with individual plants rooted in 50 × 55 mm units filled with Metro Mix 220. Foliar sprays to the point of run-off were initiated on Mar 29'79 utilizing a hand CO2 sprayer at 30 psi and an 8003 nozzle. Three applications of Pirimor were made at weekly intervals and Pramex and Orthene were applied twice at a 2 week interval (temperatures 21, 23, and 27 C respectively). Each treatment was observed weekly for phyto-toxicity and was evaluated on the overall appearance of the plants of each species compared to an untreated check on a scale of: 0 = no damage, 1 = slight damage - not affect marketability, 2 = moderate damage - affect marketability, and 3 = heavy damage - unmarketable.
Mealybug Control on Houseplants, 1978
Authors: Lee Campbell R.
Published: March 2022

Peperomia and ivy, heavily infested with citrus mealybug, were treated on Oct 19'78 and again Nov 3'78 with various insecticides and combinations. A finger-pumped houseplant-type applicator was used. There were five single-plant replicates, com-pletely randomized. The peperomia check plants were erroneously sprayed with CC 7766 on Cct 19 and this probably reduced the number of mealybugs on those plants; therefore, the check count lor peperomia is suspect.
Control of Hawthorn Lacebugs on Pyracantha, 1979
Authors: Pinkston Ken , Price Richard , Young Jerry
Published: March 2022

Hawthorn lacebug control was evaluated on a pyracantha hedge in two separate tests between June 8 and June 17'79. Eight hundred feet of hedge was utilized and treatments were randomized and replicated four times. Each treatment consisted of a 10 ft section, 4 to 5 ft high. Treatments were made with a John Bean 55 sprayer and a Spraying Systems Gun, Jet No. 43, which delivered 3.2 gal/min at 300 psi. Treatment was made until runoff. Temperature and wind vebcity at the time of treatment were 85°F, 5-10 mph and 87°F and 0-5 mph respectively for Test 1 and 2. Pretreatment and posttreatment counts were determined by counting adults and nymphs on leaves on 6 inches of terminal branch at six locations in each treatment.
Snapdragons, Leafminer Control, 1979
Authors: Pilitt Dand R. , Neal John W.
Published: March 2022

Snapdragons, averaging 10.5 inches in height planted in 4-inch plastic pots and naturally infested with a population of Liriomyza leafminers, were divided into groups of 10 plants. Treatments (test chemicals) were then applied to a group to runoff with a 3-gallon Hudson Climax sprayer maintained at full pressure. One group of 10 plants served as untreated checks. Spray solutions included 2 drops of Palmolive dishwashing liquid per gallon as a surfactant. The spray date, April 11, was sunny with the air temperature 62°F at the time of application. Test plants were examined with a stereo-microscope one week after application to determine the number of leafminers alive, the number of larvae mining and those that had successfully pupated as indicated by exit holes, and the number of larvae dead in the mines.
Insecticide Evaluations for Chinch Bug Control in Bentgrass, 1979
Authors: Hellman John L. , Curtis William , Venables Lee , Dunn Alicia
Published: March 2022

The test site was a seven year old bentgrass nursery block near Fiarland, Montgomery County, Maryland. Thatch layer varied from 0.25 to 0.50 inch in thickness. Chinch bug populations were moderate to heavy and damage was heavy. Treatment plots were 5 × 5 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates in test 1 and 3 replicates in test 2. Sampling and application methods were similar for both tests. Granular treatments were applied across the plot in two directions by either hand shaker can or a 3 ft Scott's drop spreader. Liquid treatments were applied in one gallon of water distributed in two directions with a sprinkling can. All treatments applied Sept 25 received an equivalent of .25 inch irrigation water immediately after application. Post treatment counts were made on Sept 22 & 23 by removing 3 randomly selected 4.5 inch dla × 5 inch deep core samples from each plot. Each core sample was shredded by hand and the number of chinch bugs recorded. Core counts were converted to number of chinch bugs per sq ft.
Bermudagrass, Evaluation of Carbaryl and Trichlorfon for Fall Armyworm, 1978
Authors: Martin P. B. , Suber E. F. , Monson W. G.
Published: March 2022

Fall armyworms (FAW) were monitored from early spring in at least 8 plantings of coastal bermudagrass and 1 planting of 'Coastcross-l' in the Tifton area. Also, 1 coastal pasture was managed at a high fertility in an effort to induce FAW oviposition and development of larvae. When fall armyworms nearedor surpassed the economic threshold (ca. 2 large larvae/sq ft) in early- to mid-August, treatments were initiated. They were applied in water as 20-23 gallons of liquid/acre (at 30-40 psi through 8003-8004 flat fan tips) to plots possessing ca. 300 sq ft [small plots (2-5)3 to 0.6 acre [large field (1)] and arranged in randomized complete block design. The following treatments were applied with either C02-powered knapsack sprayers (2-5) or a tractor-mounted boom sprayer (1): Test la) Sevin Sprayable -1.5, Dylox - 1.0 Niran (parathion-methyl parathion) - 3/8 + 3/16 lb ai/acre, Lannate L - 0.45, Lannate L - 0.22 lb ai/acre Lorsban - 0.50 lb ai/acre and untreated control on coastal; Test lb) Sames as la on 'Coastcross-l1; Test 2) Sevin Sprayable - 1.5 lb ai/acre, Dylox (80SP) - 1.0 lb ai/acre, Parathion E-4-1.5 lb ai/acre, Lannate L - 0.45 lb ai/acre and untreated control on coastal; Test 3) Sevin Sprayable at 1.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.25 lb ai/acre and untreated control on coastal; Test 4) Dylox at 1.50, 1.0, 0.5, and 0.25 lb ai/acre and untreated control on coastal. Insects were sampled by taking 20-25 sweeps with a 15 in. (in dia.) net across each plot and either counting them in the field or placing them in plastic bags and counting in the laboratory. Yields were taken by cutting a 1.8 - 2.2 ft × 20 - 40 ft strip across each plot with a Sensation or Jari plot mower. Sub-samples (ca. 200-300 g) were taken and dried for 48 hrs to calculate percent dry matter. Larger samples (ca. 1-1.5 kg) were held for determination of in vitro dry matter-digestibility. Also areas 1-2 sq ft were clipped ca. 2 in. from the ground for leaf-stem ratio determination.
Coastal Bermudagrass, Fall Armyworm Suppression, Tifton, 1978
Authors: Martin P. B. , Goodman P. A. , Monson W. G.
Published: March 2022

A coastal bermudagrass hay pasture (8-10 in. high) growing in Tifton loamy sand and fertilized with 200-31-61 and 400-200-300 (N, P2 O5, and K2O) lb/acre 5/10 and 7/20 respectively, was moderately infested with fall army-worms, Aniclainfecta, and other foliage-feeding lepidopteran larvae. Insecticides were applied in water as 20 gal/acre with a C02-powered backpack sprayer having TeeJet flat spray tips (no. 8003). Plots were 11 × 26 ft with 4 ft mowed borders. The design was a randomized complete block with 5 replications. Twenty sweeps with a 15 in. (in dia) net were used to sample insects. Pretreatmenf and 24 hr-posttreatment samples were placed in a plastic bag and counted under magnification. Forty-eight hr and 1 week posttreatment samples were counted In the field. Yields were taken by clipping (to ca. 4 in. height) two 2.2 × 10 ft areas with a Jari mower (8/30 and 31). Subsamples (ca. 200-300g) were taken and dried for 48 hr to calculate percent dry matter. Larger samples (ca. 1-1.5 kg) were held for determination of invitro dry matter-digestibility. Also, areas 1 sq ft were clipped ca. 2 in. from the ground for leaf-stem ratio determinations.
Japanese Beetle Grub Control, South Windsor, Connecticut, 1979. Four Insecticides Were Applied To A Two Year Old Stand of Kentucky Bluegrass on A Commercial Turf Farm in Aug'79. Plots for the Trial Were 3.05 × 3.05 Meters; Each Insecticide Formulation Was Replicated Four Times In A Ran-Domized Complete Block Design. Prerreatment Grub Counts, Made By Examining Twenty .021 Square Meter Soil Plugs, Were Taken On Aug 10 and The Average For The Test Area Was 176.5 First And Second Stage Larvae Per Square Meter. Five Plugs Were Examined In Each Plot For The Post Treatment Counts. The Three Liquid Formulations Were Applied With A Watering Can Using One Gallon Finished Solution Per Plot, While Granular Dasanit Was Mixed With An Equal Volume Of Sand And Applied With A Shaker Bottle. All Plots Were Irrigated With 12.7 Cm Of Water Directly After Treatment. Rainfall Totalled 6.93 Cm And Was Spread Evenly From Aug 14 To Sept 12. No Phytotoxiclty Was Observed During The Test Period. Site Conditions On Aug 14 Were
Authors: Moore Robert E. B.
Published: March 2022

clear sky, light wind, air temperature 22.2°C, and the soil temperature just under the thatch layer was 20.0°C. The soil is an Agawam very fine sandy loam, with a pH of 6.0, an organic matter percent of 3.8, and a thatch layer of 1.65 cm.
Entucky Bluegrass, Armyworm Control, 1979
Authors: Schuder Donald L.
Published: March 2022

A series of 33 treatments were applied to a Kentucky bluegrass lawn at the Federated Church in West Lafayette, Indiana on June 6-7'79. Plots were 7 by 14 feet and the experiment was replicated five times. Sprays were applied with a boom mounted on a bicycle wheeled type frame. A pressure of 30 psi was maintained with a CO2 tank. Granular applications were made with a 7 foot wide John Deere granular applicator mounted on a bicycle wheeled type frame. Temperatures at the time of application were 84 - 87° F. Half of each plot was sampled on July 5 and Aug 2 by applying a mixture of “Diagnostic Aid” and water to half of the plot with a sprinkling can and counting the number of larvae that emerged.
A Pine Needle Scale Control on Scotch Pine, 1979
Authors: Schuder Donald L.
Published: March 2022

Twelve treatments were applied to control the crawler stage on May 22'79. The pine planting was located at the Purdue University Agronomy Farm north of West Lafayette, Indiana. A plot consisted of a single pine tree 8-10 ft tall. Every other tree was treated to avoid spray drift. All treatments were foliar sprays applied with a Spartan sprayer operating at 125 psi. The experiment was repli-cated only twice because of the number of available infested trees. Three weeks post treatment the number of 2nd instar female scales were counted on a twenty needle sample from each tree. There was no evidence of phytotoxicity.
Bagworm Control on Colorado Spruce, 1979
Authors: Neal John W.
Published: March 2022

Four Colorado Spruce, 24 years old on residential property, were treated by the owner with Cygon 2E (to runoff). Treatment was applied at 3X label rate with a Solo mistblower on July 31, 1979. The 4 spruce have an extensive history of annual insec-ticide treatments for bagworm control, and 4 applications of insecticide were made during the summer of 1978. Bouquets of spruce cuttings were prepared Aug 21 from 4-ft nursery grown spruce with no history of insecticide treatment. Cuttings were washed in buckets of water to remove detritus. Bouquest were assembled in largemouth 500 ml flasks with circa 10-12 in of plant material extending above the mouth of the flask. Styrofoam plugs were used to secure cuttings upright in the flasks.
Evaluation of Soil Insecticides for Quarantine Treatments Against Imported Fire Ants, 1976 - 1979
Authors: Collins H. L. , Mangum C. L. , Medley J. G. , Guenthner A. W.
Published: March 2022

Twenty-two insecticides were evaluated at Gulfport, Mississippi, for quarantine treatments of nursery potting media capable of harboring imported fire ant (IFA) colonies. Treatments for this media are required to prevent accidental introduction of IFA into noninfested areas via commercial shipments of nursery stock.
Apple, Integrated Test, 1979
Authors: Hull Larry A.
Published: March 2022

Sprays were applied to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 2 replicates of York Imperial and 3 replicates of Golden Delicious. Treatments were applied with a Fri end Airmaster 393 sprayer at 25 gpa/alternate side spray driven at 2 mph. Spray dates for the insecticide treatments were: May 25, Jun 1, 12, 21, 29, Jul 6, 16, 25, Aug 2, 10, 17, 28, and Sep 4. Spray dates forthePydrin treatments were: May 25, Jun 4, 15, 26, Jul 6, 16, 25, Aug 3, 13, 25, and Sep 4. On Jul 26 and Aug 8, 227 g/acre of Plictran 50W was applied from the east and west sides of the test trees, respectively. Fungicides applied during the season were: Cyprex, polyram, sulfur, captan, zineb and calcium chloride. Average temperatures were: May 60.3°F, Jun 66.2°F, Jul 70.8°F, Aug 71.3°F, and Sep 64.3°F. Rainfall in inches averaged: May 4.03, Jun 2.41, Jul 3.19, Aug 4.88, and Sep 8.99. Effectiveness on the apple aphid was evaluated by counting the number of infested terminals/10 top terminals/tree, the number of aphid infested leaves/terminal, and the number of aphids/most infested leaf/infested terminal. The effect of the sprays on the white apple leafhopper was evaluated by counting the number of nymphs/25 leaves/tree. Effectiveness of test chemicals on the European red mite was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 15 leaves/tree, 75 leaves/treatment. The effect of sprays on the predators, S. punctum and H. vitripennis was evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae and adults and numphs, respectively, around the periphery of the test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops after July 9 and 2 pick samples on Aug 16 and Sep 17. Apple samples averaged 192 fruits/replicate and 960/treatment. Pest pressure was moderate to heavy throughout the season.
Control of Red Harvester Ant With Drenches, Granules and Baits, 1979
Authors: Price Richard , Pinkston Ken , Young Jerry , Bradley James , Cothern David
Published: March 2022

The test was conducted at the outer parameter of Stillwater, Oklahoma on 16 a of open pasture land. Treatments were randomized and replicated 10 times. Ant mounds were checked for activity and mapped prior to the start of the test. Treatments were applied on June 20. Mounds were checked for activity at 1,2,3,6 and 10 wk after treatment. If more than 2 ants were observed per mound the colony was recorded as active. Treatments were applied as follows: baits and granules were evenly distributed over surface of mounds; drenches were applied with a garden sprinkler can. Rainfall during the test consisted of June - 0.66", July - 4.11", and Aug - 3.24" for a total of 8.01".
Relative Toxicity and Residue Stability of Insecticides for Argentine Ant Control, 1979
Authors: Wagne Robert E. , Strawn Ann J.
Published: March 2022

Residues of 10 insecticides were prepared, tested fresh and after I mo and 6 mo of aging against field collected argentine ant workers in replicated tests. Insecticides included toxicants no longer registered, currently registered and experimental compounds. Tests were run in 9 cm Petri dishes each with a 9 cm filter paper attached to the bottom by a fine peripheral bead of paraffin. Side walls of the dishes were coated with teflon emulsion to prevent the ants from escaping and humidity was provided by a moistened 5 cm length of dental wick taped to the Petri dish lid. A 5 replicate series of each toxicant and concentration was prepared by pipetting 0.5 ml of 1% of 0.5% water diluted insecticide onto each filter paper and allowing them to air-dry for I da. The resulting residues were at the rate of ca 800 mg/m^ for 1% and ca 400 mg/m^ for 0.5% applications. Ants were collected from foraging trails Just prior to each test and were continuously exposed in groups of 10-20 workers/replicate until KD-90 minutes was reached. If mortality occurred in control dishes before KD-90s were reached on residues, mortality for each replicate was corrected with Abbott's formula.
Performance of Insecticides Against Cockroaches in Field Trials, 1979
Authors: Rust Michael K. , Reierson Donald A.
Published: March 2022

The effectiveness of various aqueous sprays and commercial boric acidpowderagainst cockroaches was determined in low-Income apartments near Los Angeles. The apartments were about 800 ft* and contained a kitchen,small dining area, living room, bathroom and I or 2 bedrooms. About I.I qt. spray/apartment was applied nearly to runoff in principal cockroach harborage areas from a B&G compression sprayer through the finest fan opening of a Spraying Systems Multeefet no. 800067 nozzle. About 0.75 lbs formulated white boric acid powder or powder dyed blue for safety purposes was applied thoroughly to similar areas with a Getz powder duster. Infestation level before and after treatment was determined with bread-baited traps left in the kitchen of each apartment for a week. Olancha clay in the traps prevented cockroaches from escaping and served as a desiccant. Total numbers of cockroaches caught were analyzed with a Wilcoxon's signed-ranks test.
Cattle, Control of Face and Horn Flies on Beef Cattle With Atroban Permethrin Ear Tags, 1979
Authors: Hall Robert D. , Foehse Mark C. , English L. Michael
Published: March 2022

Forty mixed-breed cows were treated with one 10% wt/wt Atroban (permethrin) plastic ear tag per head. These animals were pastured with 70 similar cows which remained untreated. Assessment of treatment efficacy was made immediately prior to treatment, 2 - 6 h posttreatment, 1 - 3 days posttreatment, and thereafter at weekly intervals via inspection of 10 head selected at random from each herd. Face flies were counted on the entire face, and horn flies on a single side, of each animal examined. Groups thus assessed included cows with Atroban ear tags, untreated cows pastured with the treated group, and cows from an untreated control herd pastured ca. 1 km distant and moved after the 3rd week posttreatment to an adjacent field. Frost forced termination of the test after 6 weeks.
House Fly Residual Control By the Synthetic Pyrethroid, Permethrin, 1978
Authors: Palmer W. A. , Zorka T. J. , Bay D. E.
Published: March 2022

Residual effectiveness of 4 permerhrin (37% EC) concentrations (0.0625, 0.125, 0.5 and 1.0% Al) and a 0.5% methoxychlor (25% EC) standard against house flies was assayed on finished and unfinished wood and metal sur-faces, exposed and unexposed to the external environment. Prefinished and unfinished wood (2x8 ft) and painted and unpainted galvanized metal (1x6 ft) panels were subdivided into equal sections corresponding to an untreated control, 4 permerhrin concentrations and the methoxychlor standard, respectively, with untreated zones between each. Appropriate panel sections were sprayed to the point of run-off and subsequently exposed, i.e. placed in direct sunlight, or unexposed, i.e. retained inside the laboratory, to the external environment. Residual effectiveness, measured by KT5Q, was assayed at weekly and biweekly intervals by placing 2 groups of 10 2-day-old house flies (USDA Orlando Strain), covered with inverted petri dishes, on each treatment surface. Knockdown was recorded at 5-min intervals for a total of 60 min. Data, corrected for control morbidity, were anal/zed by log-probit regression analysis and KTJQ’S, to the nearest minute, computed.
Vegetable Leafminer Control on Celery With Insect Growth Regulators, 1979
Authors: Ngo Dong , Poe Sidney L. , Musgrave Carol A.
Published: March 2022

Three laboratory experiments were conducted to determine whether recommended rates of 2 IGR’s would affect emergence, longevity, or fecundity of vegetable leafminers on celery. Prepupae were col-lected upon emergence from celery ’2-14’ foliage grown in Zellwood, FL. In Test 1, 42 test groups of 20 prepupae each were assigned at random to each of 3 treatments; treatments were applied topically from 1-qt hand sprayers. Data recorded at 14 days post-treatment included percentages of dead pupae, parasites, and adult male and female leafminers (Table 1). Other untreated prepupae were isolated into gelatin capsules for pupation, emergence, and use in 2 other experiments. Glass lamp chimneys covered with organdy cloth were used as cages for adult flies in both experiments. A 4-dram vial of water in each cage kept cut celery petioles fresh; used petioles were replaced dally. Three mating pairs of flies were placed in each of 4 cages per replication; four replications were used for each of the 3 treatments in both experiments. In test 2, flies were sprayed once topically ca. 3-4 h after emergence. In Test 3, freshly cut petioles were sprayed to run-off, air dried, and placed in the appropriate cages each day. Data collected from both Tests 2 and 3 included longevity of both sexes of leafminers, daily estimates of stippling damage, and counts of larvae produced each day by treated flies (Table 2).
Apple, White Apple Leafhopper Control, 1979
Authors: Hull Larry A.
Published: March 2022

Insecticides were applied to run-off to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 4 replicates of Rome Beauty apple frees. The sprays were applied with a spray gun from a truck-mounted John Bean sprayer equipped with a 35-gpm pump at 400 psi. Effectiveness of the insecticides was evaluated by counting the number of numphs/25 injured leaves/tree. Pest pressure was very heavy.
Apple, Relative Toxicity of Orchard Pesticides to

Orius

Insidiosus

(Say), 1979
Authors: McCaffrey J. P. , Horsburgh R. L.
Published: March 2022

TO ORIUS INSIDIOSUS (SAY), 1979: The relative toxicity of some orchard insecticides, miticides and Fungicides to the predacious anthocorid bug, 0. insidiosus, was determined in the laboratory. The tests were conducted in groups of three or four (each with a water control) during Jul and Aug. All experiments were conducted at ambient temperatures of 21 to 32°C in a ventilated insectary. Test chambers used were 5-dram glass shell vials stoppered with cheese cloth. Prior to introduction of the insects, the vials and cheese cloth were dipped in the appropriate pesticide concentration and dried. Field-collected adults of 0_. insidiosus were placed singly in each of 20 vials/treatment and control. Mortality was recorded 24 hr following introduction of the insects and the data were corrected for control mortality using Abbott's formula.
Apple, Insect and Mite Control, 1979
Authors: Reed D. K. , Mouzin T. E.
Published: March 2022

Test materials were applied as dilute sprays to 3 varieties of apple trees (Red Delicious, and Jonathan) with a handgun at 450 psi (rate of 5 gal/tree). Applications were made on May 14, 25, Jun 1, 11, 19, 25, Jul 2, 9, 17, 23, and 27. Captan at the rate of 1.5 lb/100 gal was added to all sprays. Fruit infestation ratings were obtained by picking at random and exami during and at the end of the season (Jul 5 and Aug 31). Mite counts were made by collecting 25 leaves at random/ treatment on May 25, Jun and Aug 6. Leaves were brushed and all stages of mites counted.
Apple, Test of Acaricides, 1979
Authors: Swift Fred C.
Published: March 2022

APPLE, TEST OF ACARICIDES, 1979: Test materials were applied on Jul 11 and 12 to single-tree plots, cultivar Sungold, replicated 3 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied at the rate of 10 gal/tree using a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a handgun. Prior to the test the trees had been sprayed with endosuifan and captan as needed to control white apple leafhopper and apple scab, respectively. Mite population estimateswere made by randomly picking 25 leaves/replicate, pooling the leaves for each replicate, then brushing the mi tes onto glass plates and counting all stages. The egg counts are not included in the data presented for the European red mite. A. fallacis data includes all stages.
Apple, Insect Control, Hudson Valley, Highland, New York, 1979
Authors: Weires R. W. , Aim S. R.
Published: March 2022

Eight-tree plots of from 5 to 7 different apple cultivars were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. The trees were 15 years old on the EM2 rootstock and spaced 15 × 30 ft. Treatments were applied atpetal fall, May 15, and in 6 cover sprays, May 29, Jun 14, 28, Jul 12, 26, and Aug 13, except the UC 55248 treatment which was applied at tight cluster, Apr 23, and again on Jul 12. Treatments were applied dilute to run-off using a high pressure handgun sprayer at 400 psi delivering 4.2 gal spray/tree or 403 gal/acre. Additional sprays applied over the entire block included Difolatan 4F 5 gal/acre, April 19; Cyprex 65W 2lb/acre, Jun 1; and Plictran 50W 4 oz/100 with the Jul 12 treatments. Above normal temperatures and below normal rainfall occurred during the month of Jul, while more normal conditions prevailed during the rest of the season. Insect pressure was below normal for most species evaluated.
Pear, Pear Psylla Control, Prebloom Treatments, 1979
Authors: Bode W. M.
Published: March 2022

Experiments were conducted in a 2-acre block of 7-yr-old d'Anjou pear trees. Single-tree plots were replicated 6 times in a complete randomized block design. Within rows the treated trees were separated by unsprayed trees. A pretreatment count of pear psylla was made on Apr 10. Adults were sampled by beating 3 branches of each tree over an 18 × 18 inch square cloth tray. Eggs and nymphs were counted by examining 5 spurs from each tree with a microscope in the laboratory. Sprays were applied to run-off using a high pressure sprayer (400 psi). Treatments were applied at either early bud burst stage (Apr 11), green cluster bud stage (Apr 23), or at both times.
Pear, Effects of Insecticides on Twospotted Mite Populations, 1979
Authors: Bode W. M.
Published: March 2022

The materials were tested primarily for pear psylla control, but effects on phytophagous mite populations were also observed. The experimental design and method of treatment were described for the preceding pear pyslla control experiment. The mites were counted with a microscope from the same 10-leaf samples that were used to obtain psylla egg and nymph counts. The treatments were first applied on Jun 1; and all, with the exception of the first 2 Pydrin treatments were applied again on Jul 4.
Pear, Pear Psylla Control, Hudson Valley, 1979
Authors: Weires R. W. , Aim S. R.
Published: March 2022

A 5-yr-oldpear block was divided into4-tree plots replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. All treatments were applied dilute to run-off with a high pressure handgun sprayer at 400 psi using 1.5 gal spray/tree (288 gal/acre). Treatments were applied shortly after petal fall on May 18 to 20; at first cover Jun 1, and again on Jul 20. The two different rates of Pydrin were applied once, twice, and three times during the season to compare residual effectiveness. Treatments were evaluated on May 29, Jun 14, Jul 3, 17, 31, and Aug 15 by sampling 5 spurs/plot and counting all the pear psylla nymphs and eggs on each spur under a binocular scope in the laboratory. Pressure on the treatments was apparent from the populations found in the check plots.
Leafhopper Control on Concord Grapes, 1979
Authors: Jubb Gerald L.
Published: March 2022

Field efficacy was evaluated in portions of a commercial vineyard infested with Erythroneuracomes (Say) in North East, PA. Plots in Test 1 consisted of 9 vines in a row replicated 4 times in a randomized block design; 3 vines within rows and 1 row between treated rows isolated the plots. Plots in Test 2 consisted of 3 vines in a row replicated 3 times; 3 vines within the row separated the plots. Sprays were applied in Test 1 on Jul 6'79, using a spray gun from a Spartan hydraulic sprayer; sprays were applied to runoff resulting in 200 gal spray per acre. Sprays in Test 2 were applied on Jul 20'79, using an Ortho Spray-ette Queen Size garden sprayer operated off a high pressure hose of a Myers hydraulic sprayer at a pressure of 100 psi; sprays were applied to runoff resulting in 200 gal spray per acre. The equivalent of 4 oz DuPont spreader sticker per 100 gal was used with all treatments in each test. Treatments were evaluated in each test by counting the number of leafhopper nymphs on each of 10 injured leaves selected randomly per plot. Data were transformed to the square root of X + 0.5 and treated by analysis of variance and Duncan's modified (Bayesian) least significant difference test.
Control of Grape Berry Moth, 1979
Authors: Williams Roger N .
Published: March 2022

A thirteen year old experimental vineyard of 'Concord' grapes at Wooster, OH was used for this test. Rows were 9 ft on center with 8 ft between vines in the row. Each row was a randomized block containing a single replicate of each of the 6 treatments. A replicate consisted of 2 adjacent vines, with 4 replicates/treatment. A single insecticidal application was made on July 6 at the rate of 94 gal water/acre. Treatments were applied by hand as foliar sprays using a CO2 sprayer operated at 60 psi and equipped with TeeJet D2 disc and No. 25 core. A spreader-sticker (Ortho X-77) was added to all sprays at 1 pt/100 gal. In sampling, 10 randomly selected clusters were examined from each plot. Number of 'stung' (damaged) berries was recorded in each plot. Surveys were conducted at pretreatment on July 5'79 and at harvest on Oct 1'79. Fungicides were applied to the entire experimental area on May 23 and June 1 (Captan 50WP at 1 lb ai/acre), June 14 (Benlate 50WP at 0.5 lb ai plus Captan 50WP at 1.0 lb ai), and July 26 (Folpet 50WP at 1 lb ai). Ortho X-77 spreader-sticker was used with all fungicides at 1 pt/100 gal.
Rose Chafer, Bioassay to Determine Efficacy of Selected Adulticides, 1979
Authors: Williams Roger N. , Miller Karl V.
Published: March 2022

Field efficacy was evaluated in a portion of a commercial vineyard at North Kingsville, OH; laboratory bioassay was conducted at the OARDC in Wooster. Grape rows were 10 ft on center with 8 ft between vines in the row. A replicate consisted of 5 adjacent vines in a row. Treatments were applied to the 4 replicates in a randomized block design. A single application was made on June 13, soon after rose chafer adults were first observed feeding on grape blossom buds. Sprays were applied at the rate of 100 gpa with a CO2 powered constant pressure sprayer equipped with a Teejef D2 disc and No. 25 core. Treated foliage was collected after the spray residue was dry at 0, 3, 7, and 11 days after treatment. Two leaves were picked at random from each replicate and placed in labelled plastic bags. The bags were placed in an ice chest and transported to Wooster. Approximately 4 hr later the petioles were recut and placed in a floral tube filled with water. Modeling clay was used to seal the top of the tube to prevent leakage. Ten beetles of unknown age and a floral tube containing 2 leaves were placed in a 1-gal ice-cream carton. The carton was modified by placing a 16-mesh wire screen over the bottom and cheese cloth over the top. Each bioassay included 4 replicates. The insect holding room was maintained at 70°F with >80% RH under a 16-hr photoperiod. The number of live beetles was recorded at the end of 24 hr.
Control of Strawberry Root Weevil Larvae on Strawberry, 1978
Authors: Shanks Carl H.
Published: March 2022

Plots consisted of single rows 25 ft long and 3.5 ft apart. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. After harvest, the plants were mowed off and Vydate L was applied to the strawberry plants. For the irrigated plots, the chemical was applied on 2 dates with a low pressure sprayer in 43 gal of water/acre, concentrated in a 12-inch band over the rows; ca. 1 inch of water was applied by sprinklers immediately after treatments. Non-irrigated plots were treated once in the same way but were not irrigated. The treatments were evaluated on May 2'79. Five plants were dug in each plot and the soil was sifted to expose the larvae for counting.
Citrus,

D

.

Abbreviatus

Control, Plymouth, Florida, 1979
Authors: Schroeder W. J.
Published: March 2022

Aerial applications of Orthene were made to citrus groves and to a nursery using fixed wing aircraft equipped with the following: 1) Micronair rotary atomizers - volume 5 and 8 gal/acre; 2) D 8-45 nozzles - volume 8 gal/acre. Treatments were compared to a hydraulic ground spray applied to runoff. Foliage was collected randomly from 10 trees per treated area and an untreated check area. The foliage was placed in ten 32-oz cups immediately after treatment and 10 adult weevils were added/cup. Cups were then covered with wire mesh. Weevil mortality counts were made after 1 day and 3 days. Additional foliage was collected at 3, 6, 9 days posttreatment and tested in the same way.
Control of Citrus Red Mite with Acaricides in California, February, 1979
Authors: Brown R. D.
Published: March 2022

A heavy infestation of citrus red mite (CRM) on lemons in Oxnard, CA, was treated with various registered acaricides on Feb 14'79, to test their cold-weather efficacy. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in 2-tree plots. Trees were assigned to a replicate on the basis of their pre-spray adult CRM infestation levels. Trees were handgun sprayed with about 12 gal per tree (1200 gal/acre).
Citrus Red Mite Control, 1979
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Mollis C. H.
Published: March 2022

Two numbered compounds, UC 55248 and Fison NC 22683, were compared with Kelthane for control efficacy of the citrus red mite on lemons during Apr and May at the Curtis Half and Half Ranch on mesa, Yuma, Arizona. Sprays were applied Apr 3 with a spray gun (pistol-type) and John Bean Sprayer using 300 gpa or 5 gal/tree and 40 psi. Four-tree plots were replicated 3 times in a randomized block design. Mite counts in the table represent both immature and adult stages. Sampling consisted of 25 leaves selected at random/plot. The precount on Mar 27 indicates a moderate infestation which varied slightly within the test area.
Control of Chinese Wax Scale, 1979
Authors: Beattie G. A. C.
Published: March 2022

Foliar applications of insecticides plus citrus spray oils were compared with foliar applications of citrus spray oils and untreated controls. Each treatment was applied to 2, 4×4 tree plots of 2-3 m high trees near Gosford, N.S.W., Australia. Sprays were applied at a pressure of 2800 kPa to run-off from an oscillating boom spray pulled by a tractor at 2.2 kmph. The sprays were applied to the trees after all eggs under scales from the single 1978 generation had hatched on the southern side of the trees and when all scales lining the mid ribs of leaves were rosette stages (first, second and third insrars). The effect of the sprays was assessed on Apr 17-18'79. The centre 4 trees of each block were used for assessments. Forth leaves were picked at random from each tree; 100 scales from each tree were examined. No more than 10 scales were examined per leaf. A total of 800 scales was examined per treatment.