bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic Diversity and Antioxidant Activity of Selected Fungi From Ethno Medicinal Plants & Soil
Authors: Mishra Rahul Chandra , Barrow Colin J , Dwivedi Neeraj , Deshmukh Sunil , Goel Mayurika
Published: June 2021

Endophytic fungi are prolific generators of bioactive metabolites with natural antioxidant properties that have a range of potential uses. In the present work, the antioxidant activity and phylogenetic diversity of endophytic fungi obtained from semi-arid terrestrial plants and the fungi obtained from the mangrove soil samples is investigated. The fungal isolates were identified by employing morphological features and phylogenetic characterization by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Six taxonomic orders of Ascomycota associated with nine genera were identified, these being Diaporthales, Eurotiales, Hypocreales, Onygenales, Pleosporales and Xylariales. The antioxidant activity methanolic extracts of the fungal isolates were determined using modified 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonicacid) (ABTS) methods. Among the fungal isolates, Aspergillus sp. AREF023 and Fusarium sp. AREF014, obtained from different parts of Datura metel, displayed the highest level of radical inhibition (80.76% and 70.62% respectively). GC/-MS analysis of the active isolates confirmed the presence of known antioxidant phenolic compounds, including 2-tert-Butyl-5-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-one and Phenol, 2,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), in the their crude extracts. Our findings suggest that fungal isolates from D. metel can be a sustainable resource for natural antioxidants.
Study on Design, Manufacture and Cutting Performance of Circular-arc Milling Cutters for Machining Titanium Alloy
Authors: Chen Tao , Gang Liu , Rui Li , Yujiang Lu , Guangyue Wang
Published: June 2021

Titanium alloy is widely used for manufacturing structural parts of high-end equipment due to its excellent mechanical properties, despite difficulty in being machined. Nowadays, titanium alloy parts are mostly machined by ball-end milling cutters (BEMC), but the cutting edge structure of the BEMC limits the improvement in machining efficiency and surface quality of the parts. In this paper, a circular-arc milling cutter (CAMC) with large-curvature cutting edge was proposed; the differential geometry method was used for establishing the geometric model for the contour surface of the CAMC and the mathematical model for the spiral cutting edge line; the conversion matrix between grinding wheel and workpiece coordinates was introduced to derive the equation of grinding wheel trajectory when the rake face of the CAMC was ground; the self-designed CAMC was ground and tested in accuracy. The comparative research was conducted experimentally on the side milling of titanium alloy TC4 with the CAMC and BEMC, and consequently the variation laws of milling forces, wear morphology and machined surface quality were obtained about the two types of milling cutters. The results indicated that the CAMC can effectively reduce the main milling force and keep the milling process stable. Moreover, the CAMC was worn slower and produced better surface quality than the BEMC.
Impact of The Structure on The Thermal Burnout Effect Induced by Microwave Pulses of PIN Limiter Diodes
Authors: Zhao Jingtao , Chen Quanyou , Chen Zhidong , Chen Chaoyang , Liu Zhong , Zhao Gang
Published: June 2021

Positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) limiter are widely used to protect sensitive components from leakage power itself and adjacent high-power injection. Being the core of a PIN limiter, the PIN diode is possible to be burnt out by the external microwave pulses. Here, numerical simulations by our self-designed device-circuit joint simulator were carried out to study the influences of the I layer thickness and the anode diameter of the PIN diode on the maximum temperature variation curve of the PIN diode limiter. The damage threshold criterion in the numerical simulation was first studied by comparing experimental results with simulation results. Then, we determined the impact of the structure on the thermal burnout effect induced by microwave pulses of PIN limiter diodes.
Enriching Trace Level Adsorption Affinity of As3+ ion using Hydrothermally Synthesized Iron-Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanorods
Authors: Panchu Sandeep Eswaran , Sekar Saranya , Rajaram Vani , Kolanthai Elayaraja , Panchu Sarojini Jeeva , Swart Hendrik C. , Kalkura NARAYANA
Published: June 2021

Contamination of arsenic in the form of arsenite (As3+) and arsenate (As5+) in potable water causes serious illness in the human body even at a very low concentration (10 µg / L). As3+ is comparatively 60 times more toxic than As5+ species. Hence, this work is focused on the preparation of adsorbents for efficient removal of As3+ with higher adsorption affinity at trace level (≤50 µg/L). Here, iron-doped hydroxyapatite (Fe-HAp) synthesized by hydrothermal technique is employed as an efficient adsorbent. A very less quantity of Fe2+ ion (0.5 wt %) is incorporated in the tetrahedral and octahedral sites of the HAp lattice along the c-axis which lead to drastic reduction in particle size (400%) and enhancing the specific surface area (105%), colloidal stability, and adsorption affinity. The maximum adsorption capacity of As3+ is 139±2 µg/g and 183±2 µg/g for HAp and Fe-HAp, respectively. The adsorption rate of Fe-HAp is very rapid which is 538% higher compared to HAp and also the As3+ adsorption affinity or sensitivity (0.71 µg/L) significantly improved 83-99% when compared to the adsorbents reported in the previous literature so far. The monolayer adsorption of As3+ is purely strong chemisorption as confirmed by the Langmuir and Dubinin–Radushkevich (DKR) isotherm. The structure and morphology of HAp and Fe-HAp remain unchanged after the adsorption of As3+ ions and also no secondary toxic products were observed. Hence, the above results reveal Fe-HAp as an efficient and low-cost adsorbent for removal of highly toxic As3+ ions at the trace level.
What Impact has lockdown on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 incidence, prevalence and mortality during second wave of pandemic in 2021: - observational analysis of Bihar
Authors: Kumar Piyush
Published: June 2021

Background: My research aimed to assess the impact of lockdown on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic 13 days before lockdown, first and second 13 days during lockdown, and 13 days after the lockdown on the trends in the incidence, prevalence and mortality in the state of Bihar, India, during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: The information on the number of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar was obtained from Health Department Bihar, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, and lockdown data were obtained from online websites as well. The impact of lockdown for 13 days before lockdown, first and second 13 days during lockdown, and 13 days after the lockdown on the incidence, prevalence and mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar was analyzed with Microsoft office and stata 15.1 for windows (64bit) will be used with Microsoft office in next version-2 of article. Results: The findings showed that except for Incidence /100000/ new death there was a trend toward a decline, and except for Prevalence/100000/confirmed cases from beginning of pandemic all other prevalence have increased. The total and observation period mortality rate due to the COVID-19 pandemic also increased. Conclusions: The findings indicate that 15 days after the lockdown, incidence, daily cases of COVID-19 and the growth of the disease showed a declined trend, but there was no significant decline in the prevalence and mortality.
Effect of Harvest Time and Fruit Firmness on Red Drupelet Reversion in Blackberry
Authors: Armour Mitchell E. , Worthington Margaret , Clark John R. , Threlfall Renee T. , Howard Luke
Published: June 2021

Red drupelet reversion (RDR) is a postharvest disorder of blackberries (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson) in which fully black drupelets revert to red after harvest. This disorder can negatively impact consumer perception of fresh-market blackberries. The cause of RDR is hypothesized to be related to intracellular damage sustained because of mechanical and environmental stress during and after harvest. Cultivars differ in susceptibility to this disorder; and cultural factors, including nitrogen rate, harvest and shipping practices, and climate during harvest, influence RDR severity. In this 2-year study, seven genotypes (cultivars and advanced selections) developed in the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture (UA) blackberry breeding program, with a range of fruit textures, were evaluated to determine whether firmness was correlated with RDR. In addition, fruit was harvested at four different times (7:00 am, 10:00 am, 1:00 pm, and 4:00 pm) to investigate whether harvest time influences RDR. All seven genotypes were harvested at the four times on two harvest dates per year and evaluated for RDR and firmness after 1 week of cold storage (5 °C). Fruit harvested early in the day had less RDR, with 7:00 am harvests having the least RDR in both years. Significant genotypic differences in RDR and fruit firmness were found in each year. Firmness was negatively correlated with RDR in 2018 and 2019. These results indicate that growers may be able to reduce the prevalence of RDR by choosing cultivars with firm fruit texture and harvesting early in the day.
Chromogenic Chemosensors Based on Phenolic Imines for the Detection of Alkylamines and Lidocaine in Water and in the Vapor Phase
Authors: Ribeiro Eduardo , Machado Vanderlei
Published: June 2021

Three imines comprised of 5-nitrothiophen-2-yl as electron-accepting and phenols as electrondonating groups were synthesized and used as chromogenic chemosensors to detect alkylamines. The compounds are colorless in water, but their deprotonation by the alkylamines generates the corresponding colored phenolates, which can be used to detect those analytes. The addition of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) causes bathochromic shift of the perichromic band of the phenolates, indicating that the compounds are transferred into the micelles. In addition, CTAB lowers the pKa of phenols and increases the stability of the phenolates, improving their performance as chemosensors. Applications were prospected with the chromogenic chemosensors adsorbed on strip papers to detect alkylamines in water and in the vapor phase. The compounds were also used in solution for the quantification of lidocaine in water. Thus, the versatility of the compounds studied allows to think about applications in industrial, environmental, and pharmaceutical areas.
HEIDEGGER’S BEING, RAHNER’S GOD: IS THE QUESTION STILL RELEVANT OR ALREADY ANSWERED?
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, University of Latvia, KŪLIS RIHARDS
Published: June 2021

The secularized and rational-oriented mindset of the Western civilization does not preclude important elements of a religious worldview. The objective of the present study is to come to understand the role the categories of Being and God play in the present day spiritual situation. Heidegger’s and Rahner’s views are considered here within the prospective of the paradigmatic process. The latter marks the fading away of the classical understanding of God and search for new and divine meanings. Therefore I suggest considering some of the most significant motifs in the two philosophers’ reflection as regards the history of western civilization and our epoch in the context of the categories of God and Being. Among these motifs there are such attitudes as subjectivism, self-suggestion, disposal of beings, planetarism, oblivion of Being, loss of origins, groundlessness, alienation, situation of meaninglessness. It is due to these attitudes, especially owing to meaninglessness, that many people tend to raise again the issue of the concealed, the encompassing, God or Being. Or perhaps speaking about “Being” and “God” can be interpreted as something that leads to the oblivion of Being and to atheism. “Being” in Heidegger and “God” in Rahner single out the existential centre to which forms of life are related. Nowadays it is forgotten or even vanishes. “God” or “Being” hold everything together and confer meaning thereto.
ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF PHENOMENOLOGY IN LATVIA: 1920–2020
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, University of Latvia, KŪLE MAIJA
Published: June 2021

Looking over a hundred years, it should be acknowledged that phenomenological studies in Latvia were initially carried out in the twenties and thirties of the 20th century, starting with 1) Husserl’s studies and criticism of solipsism (T. Celms), 2) phenomenological analysis of forms of community (K. Stavenhagen), and 3) development of cognitive phenomenology in Ladusāns’ many-sided gnoseology. It was not possible to work on phenomenology during the harsher years of the Soviet regime (1945–1970), but in the mid-1970s, a phenomenological circle emerged in Riga under the influence of Nelly Motroshilova and Merab Mamardashvili. Its focus was on the issues of consciousness and language, on phenomenological ontology, communication, time-consciousness. Since 1990, phenomenological studies have been expanding, four international conferences have been held in Latvia in cooperation with the World Phenomenology Institute, nine monographs on phenomenology have been published, and 56 articles from Latvia have been published in Analecta Husserliana. Themes of papers and presentations included historicity, space and time, passions, teleology, educational philosophy, aesthetics. Since 2005, nine phenomenology-related doctoral theses have been defended in Riga. Over the last decade, greater focus has been given to applied phenomenology, its relationships with medicine, social media, violence research. Phenomenologists influenced a transformation of classical philosophy towards wider horizons and reflected the necessity to consider concepts of life, nature, body, we-consciousness, it also opened the way for contemporary perspective dialogue with cognitive sciences, linguistics, identity studies and psychoanalysis.
HEIDEGGER’S WAY TO POETIC DWELLING VIA BEING AND TIME
Authors:   University of Tasmania, KARAMERCAN ONUR
Published: June 2021

Although Heidegger’s explicit account of “poetic dwelling” belongs to his later philosophy, there are important indications that he was already engaging with the core matter of the notion in his early thought. Contrary to the idea that in Being and Time, “dwelling” amounts to mere practical coping with the environment, we would like to demonstrate that the notion is already a poetic issue in his early thought, as it requires the appropriation of our relation to the world via an authentic experience of finitude. Following a topological mode of thinking, the paper thematizes the connections between Heidegger’s early and later thought, and elucidates the following three points: First, “freeing” and “letting” appears as the appropriate ethos of a poetic experience of finitude, one that maintains the “clearing” of meaningfulness. Second, a topological reading of Being and Time can explicate the notions of authenticity and inauthenticity as different disclosures of the clearing where human being-world correlation occurs. Third, the notion of “keeping-still” (Schweigen) can be interpreted as an authentic disposition that frees space for the disclosure of existence. The paper concludes that an authentic experience of finitude through “stillness” appears to reorient human ethos by releasing “discourse” from absorption in “idle-talk” and that such an act of existential re-orientation of one’s disposition towards the world is the essence of “authenticity,” and Heidegger’s early “poetic dwelling”.
DIALOGIC PHENOMENOLOGY OF PAIN EXPERIENCE SAULIUS GENIUSAS THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF PAIN. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 2020 ISBN 978-0-8214-2403-2
Authors:   Samara National Research University named after S.P.Korolev, LEKHTSIER VITALIY
Published: June 2021

The review focuses on Saulius Geniusas’ book, The Phenomenology of Pain. In this study, Geniusas develops his own systematic phenomenology of the experience of pain, based primarily on the conceptual resources of Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology. In doing so, the philosopher formulates and successfully implements original methodological principles of “dialogical phenomenology.” Such a phenomenology consists of, on the one hand, strict phenomenological analysis of pain based on the methods of epoché, phenomenological reduction and eidetic variation, and on the other hand, of actual and partly polemical inclusion of phenomenological point of view in the ongoing discussion of pain in the social and biological sciences. The author manages to do this by supplementing his eidetic analysis of the essence of pain experience with the method of “factual variations” and by appealing to the analytical optics of Husserl’s late genetic phenomenology. This way the book reflects—on strictly phenomenological grounds—numerous findings from the sociology and biology of pain. The book relies on the tradition of phenomenological research, offers a conceptual reconstruction of the key dispute about pain that took place in this tradition (between Franz Brentano and Carl Stump) and, in its turn, grounds the positive sciences of pain in the direct evidence of experience itself.
BODILY-AFFECTIVE ATTUNEMENT IN SOCIAL INTERACTION
Authors:   Department of History of Russian Sociology, Sociological Institute of the RAS, KHAKHALOVA ANNA
Published: June 2021

The paper intends to supplement the studies of emotional affordances of BAA by elaborating on the conception of participatory sense-making as well as developmental studies on joint attention and interattentionality. I address different spheres of expertise from the experience-based phenomenological perspective, which allows exploring the problem both from the first-person and second-person perspectives. This research presents the conception of inter-selfness that carries on M. Merleau-Ponty’s idea of intercorporeality, T. Fuchs’ et al. analysis of intersubjectivity and phenomenologically oriented psychoanalysis by E. Z. Tronick et al., R. Stolorow et al. The mechanism of BAA is presented through the conception of participatory sense-making and the idea of minimal inter-attentionality in developmental studies. The paper presents an emotional affordances scheme that illustrates the emotional regulation of BAA. By examining this process of regulation one could see in what way the self becomes an inter-self in communication. The article also postulates correlation between cultural mediation of emotional affordances and their direct accessibility from the second-person perspective. In the last part of the paper, I examine social interaction from the viewpoint of developmental studies (C. Trevarthen, V. Reddy, M. Carpenter). The developmental perspective supplements the idea of emotional regulation in interaction, by focusing on primary such forms of BAA between a caregiver and a baby, as joint attention and mutual gaze. Herein, I demonstrate how the initial forms of the positive bodily-affective attunement develop into the interattentionality and self-representation practices of the subject. This point could contribute to the theory of personal identity by exploring the process of maturing of the sense of self in its different aspects. The results of the research could be useful for further study of BAA and its pathologies. The results could also be of use for the discussion on non-human or human-like affordance-based technological interaction theory.
Annual nitrate load patterns in an agricultural watershed in consecutive dry years
Authors: Chen Shuai , Ruan Xiaohong
Published: June 2021

Nitrate (NO3-N) load characteristics in consecutive dry years in the Huai River Basin (HRB), China, were examined using streamflow and NO3-N concentration data. The data set spanned 12 years including three consecutive dry years. Baseflow separation, load estimation, and nonparametric linear regression were applied to separate point source (PS), baseflow, and surface runoff NO3-N loads from the total load. The mean annual nonpoint source (NPS) load was 2.84 kg·ha−1·yr−1, accounting for 90.8% of the total load. Baseflow contributed approximately one-fourth of the natural runoff and half of the NPS load. The baseflow nitrate index (i.e., the ratio of baseflow NO3-N load to total NPS NO3-N load) was 25.4% higher in consecutive dry years than in individual dry years. This study demonstrated that baseflow is the preferential hydrological pathway for NO3-N transport in the HRB and that baseflow delivers a higher NO3-N percentage to streams under long-term drought than under short-term drought. This study highlights the alarming evidence that continuous drought caused by climate change may lead to a higher rate of nitrogen loss in agricultural watersheds.
Obstáculos a la movilidad de pacientes en zonas de frontera del Mercosur: una propuesta de tipología
Authors: Berzi Matteo , Matos Lemões Marcos Aurélio , Oddone Nahuel
Published: June 2021

Este artículo tiene por objetivo identificar los cuellos de botella o restricciones que afectan a la movilidad de pacientes en las zonas de frontera de los Estados partes fundadores del Mercosur: Argentina, Brasil, Paraguay y Uruguay. Se realizó un análisis cualitativo de los datos recolectados e insumos elaborados en el marco de la acción “Cooperación transfronteriza en materia de salud con énfasis en la facilitación de la movilidad de los pacientes” propuesta por el Instituto Social del Mercosur, antes de la pandemia COVID-19, al Programa para el fortalecimiento de la cohesión social en América Latina, conocido como EUROsociAL+. Como resultado de esta colaboración interinstitucional se propone una tipología de obstáculos a la movilidad de pacientes en el Mercosur.
Neoliberalismo y políticas reparatorias. Apuntes para un debate en Argentina
Authors: Schneider Ludmila
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo está orientado al análisis de la vinculación entre el neoliberalismo y las políticas reparatorias implementadas en Argentina. Postula que el neoliberalismo produce una serie de efectos ideológicos que pueden ser pensados en articulación con las prácticas sociales genocidas en tanto promueve un modo de ser particular afín al patrón identitario que el proceso genocida desarrollado entre 1975 y 1983 intentó imponer. Desde este punto de partida, propone profundizar dicha articulación abordando específicamente las políticas de reparación económica que fueron implementadas en Argentina tras la apertura democrática (1983). Para ello, presenta en primer lugar una caracterización del neoliberalismo, así como una genealogía de las políticas reparatorias mencionadas. Seguidamente, analiza las representaciones que subyacen a dichas políticas en relación con cuál es el daño por reparar (qué se repara), quiénes son los sujetos de esa reparación (a quién se repara) y cuáles son los instrumentos con los que llevará adelante esta tarea (cómo se repara). La conclusión a la que arriba es que la hegemonía del pensamiento neoliberal se cristaliza en las políticas reparatorias sancionadas en el periodo posdictatorial en Argentina.
Efficacy of Curcumin for Wound Repair in Diabetic Rats/Mice: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Preclinical Studies
Authors: Li Yuan , Zhao Sheng , der Merwe Leanne Van , Dai Wentong , Lin Cai
Published: June 2021

Background:

Curcumin possesses multiple bioactivities that have beneficial effects on diabetic foot
ulcers. Herein, we aimed to conduct a preclinical systematic review of 9 studies, including a total of 262 animals,
to assess the possible mechanisms of curcumin for wound healing in diabetic animals.

Methods:

Five databases were searched from inception to May 12, 2020; Rev-Man 5.3 software was applied
for data analyses. Cochrane Collaboration’s tool 10-item checklist was used to evaluate the methodological
quality, and data revealed scores of risk of bias ranging from 2 to 5.

Results:

Meta-analysis indicated that curcumin had significant effects on wound healing rate and blood vessel
density when compared with control (P < 0.05). The wound regeneration properties of curcumin for diabetic
wounds are thought to mainly work through the possible mechanisms of antioxidation, enhanced cell proliferation,
increased collagen formation, and angiogenesis. However, the anti-inflammatory effect on wounds in diabetic
animals remain controversial.

Conclusions:

The findings indicate that more randomized controlled trials should be pursued to obtain more reliable
results regarding inflammatory response. Overall, curcumin might be a probable candidate for diabetic
foot ulcers and may contribute to future clinical trials.

Prospero Registration:

CRD42020188981.
Facile and Novel Synthesis of Spiky Gold Nanoparticles as an Efficient
Antimicrobial Agent against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Aziz Farooq , Rashid Muhammad , Rehman Mubashar , Rafique Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Aims:

The study aims to develop advanced antibacterial agents as nanoparticles instead of antibiotics due to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.

Background:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is capable of causing many diseases, including severe bacterial pneumonia. There is a need for an efficient antibacterial agent to kill these pathogens.

Objective:

The objective of the study is to synthesize advanced antibacterial agents as nanoparticles for biomedical applications that can play a vital role in killing Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa).

Method:

A novel fabricated growth of hydrophilic spiky gold nanoparticles (SGNPs) via reduction method is reported.

Results:

The surface plasmon resonance peak of the synthesized SGNPs was tuned under the near-infrared range. The SGNPs have anisotropic and spiky morphology with 68 nm size and -58 mV surface charge. They are pure, possessing adsorption similar to the organic material. Pseudomonas aeruginosa treated with synthesized SGNPs showed 60% bacterial death at the concentration of 100 μM.

Conclusion:

This work consists of the novel synthesis of SGNPs via a safe and simple reduction method. The synthesized SGNPs exhibit strong antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa measured using a microplate assay test. The result showed that these SGNPs are ideal for biomedical applications.
Long-Lasting In Situ Forming Implant Loaded with Bupivacaine: Investigation
on Polymeric and Non-Polymeric Carrier and Solvent Effect
Authors: Mobedi Hamid , Bazraee Saeed , Mashak Arezuo , Jamshidi Ahmad
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Typically, in situ forming implants utilize Poly (lactide- co- glycolide)
(PLGA) as carrier and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as solvent. However, it is essential to develop
different carriers to release various drugs in a controlled and sustained manner with economic
and safety considerations.

Objective:

The present study aims to evaluate the in-vitro release of Bupivacaine HCl from in situ
forming systems as post-operative local anesthesia.

Methods:

We used Sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB), PLGA 50:50, and a mixture of them as carriers
to compare the release behavior. Besides, the effect of PLGA molecular weight (RG 502H,
RG 503H, and RG 504H), solvent type, and solvent concentration on the drug release profile has
been evaluated. The formulations were characterized by investigating their in-vitro drug release,
rheological properties, solubility, and DSC, in addition to their morphological properties. Furthermore,
the Korsmeyer-Peppas and Weibull models were applied to the experimental data. Results revealed
that using a mixture of SAIB and PLGA compared to using them solely can extend the Bupivacaine
HCl release from 3 days to two weeks.

Results:

The DSC results demonstrated the compatibility of the mixture by showing a single Tg.
The formulation with NMP exhibited a higher burst release and final release in comparison with
other solvents by 30% and 96%, respectively. Increasing the solvent concentration from 12% to
32% raised the drug release significantly, which confirmed the larger porosity in the morphology
results. From the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, the mechanism of drug release has been predicted to
be non-Fickian diffusion.
Dapsone, More than an Effective Neuro and Cytoprotective Drug
Authors: Diaz-Ruiz Araceli , Nader-Kawachi Juan , Calderón-Estrella Francisco , Mata- Bermudez Alfonso , Alvarez-Mejia Laura , Ríos Camilo
Published: June 2021

Background:

Dapsone (4,4'-diamino-diphenyl sulfone) is a synthetic derivative of sulfones, with the antimicrobial activity described since 1937. It is also a drug traditionally used in dermatological therapies due to its anti-inflammatory effect. In recent years its antioxidant, antiexcitotoxic, and antiapoptotic effects have been described in different ischemic damage models, traumatic damage, and models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's diseases (AD). Finally, dapsone has proven to be a safe and effective drug as a protector against heart, renal and pulmonary cells damage; that is why it is now employed in clinical trials with patients as a neuroprotective therapy by regulating the main mechanisms of damage that lead to cell death.

Objective:

To provide a descriptive review of the evidence demonstrating the safety and therapeutic benefit of dapsone treatment, evaluated in animal studies and various human clinical trials.

Methods:

We conducted a review of PubMed databases looking for scientific research in animals and humans, oriented to demonstrate the effect of dapsone on regulating and reducing the main mechanisms of damage that lead to cell death.

Conclusion:

The evidence presented in this review shows that dapsone is a safe and effective neuro and cytoprotective treatment that should be considered for translational therapy.
Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from the Red Sea Tunicate-
Derived Fungus Penicillium commune DY004
Authors: Youssef Diaa T.A. , Shaala Lamiaa A. , Almohammadi Ameen , Elhady Sameh S. , Alzughaibi Torki A. , Alshali Khalid Z.
Published: June 2021

As a part of our ongoing interest to identify bioactive microbial secondary metabolites,
the Red Sea tunicate derived Penicillium commune DY004 was investigated. A new dipeptide,
penicillizine A (1) together with cyclo(L-Pro-L-Phe) (2), meleagrin (3), α-cyclopiazonic acid (4)
and N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)acetamide (5) was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the cultures
of the fungus. The structural determinations of 1-5 were supported by interpretation of their
one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) data.
In the evaluation of the compounds for their effects against three human tumorous cell lines, meleagrin
(3) and α-cyclopiazonic acid (4) displayed the highest and potent activity against HeLa,
U373 glioblastoma and MDA-MB-231 cell lines down up to 3.1 μg/mL. These results suggest
that marine fungi are a copious source of drug leads with therapeutic potential. Meleagrin and α-
cyclopiazonic acid could be used as potential scaffolds for the development of new and more effective
drug leads.
The Effectiveness of the “Panjang” Poffertjes Consumption on Blood Glucose Level
Authors: Talibo Sofyawati D. , Tumenggung Imran , Nawai Fatmayanti , Labatjo Rahma
Published: June 2021

Background:

Fragrant pandan leaf extract (Pandanus amayllifolius Roxb.) has pharmacological
activity as an anti-diabetes, while sweet corn is believed to be a staple food or snack for
people with diabetes mellitus. Thus, the foods could be used as an alternative to anti-diabetic functional
food.

Objective:

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of “Panjang” poffertjes consumption
with the addition of pandan leaves extract and sweet corn on the blood glucose level.

Methods:

This study employs a randomized controlled trial approach with the pre-and post-test
design. The data collected on the value of the glycemic index, glycemic load, and the results of 2
hours postprandial (pp) blood sugar level examination after consuming two Poffertjes formulas.
The glycemic index (GI) was calculated by employing incremental area under the blood glucose
response curve method for ten subjects and a 2-hour postprandial (pp) blood sugar level examination
in 25 subjects with the range age between 18-24 years, with normal nutritional status (BMI =
18.58-23.88), 100% had no history of diabetes, did not smoke or alcohol and were not allergic to
the tested food ingredients.

Results:

the results show that the glycemic index of control Poffertjes obtained a value of 71.88
(high category), and “Panjang” Poffertjes got 52.82 (low category). The glycemic load of control
Poffertjes obtained a value of 12.78 (medium category), while “Panjang” Poffertjes attained a
value of 6.37 (low category). The difference in the average reduction in blood glucose with the
intervention poffertjes was 11.08 mg/dl.

Conclusion:

the provision of “Panjang” poffertjes has a significant effect on the decrease in twohour
postprandial blood glucose level.
Photoresponsive Delivery of Nanovectors: A Review of Concepts and Applications
Authors: Lalan Manisha , Menon Maanika , Shah Pranav
Published: June 2021

:

Stimuli-triggered nanovectors for drug delivery enhance the clinical efficacy and decrease
the toxicity by specifically conveying the drugs to the site of target with a higher specificity and efficiency.
Several stimuli were regarded, but light as an exogenous stimulus tenders several benefits in
clinical usage like elevated spatial and temporal control economically. A number of photochemical
mechanisms have been exploited in design of phototriggered nanocarriers for biomedical applications.
Light in conjugation with photosensitizers or imaging agents in nanovectors can be truly rewarding
to ensure precise diagnosis, drug delivery and improve therapeutic outcomes. Nanomedicine
plays a key role in enhancing therapeutic efficacy and limiting the adverse effects. The review evaluates
the multiple nanocarriers such as liposomes, polymersomes, micelles, nanogels etc., which have
leveraged the advantages of phototargeting via photothermal, photochemical, photo isomerization
and upconversion based activation strategies for efficient drug targeting to intracellular and other
regions. The significant benefits and constraints, an overview of the implementation and latest developments
for the most popular and recent photoresponsive drug delivery methods are discussed to
critically judge its success and limitations and delve upon the possible future perspectives in the
field.
Significance of Patient Safety and Safety Culture in Dental Schools: A Systematic Review
Authors: Abutayyem Huda , M Lovely , Luke Alexander , Khan Yawar Hayat , Muhammad Muhammad , George Biji Thomas
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

This article aims to systematically review and analyze the outcome of published literature on patient safety and safety culture related to dental schools. It also aims to observe implemented changes in dental school training and curriculum that have improved patient safety and safety culture within institutions.

Methods:

All studies concerning patient safety and safety culture from the period of January 2010 to May 2020 were included which were specific to dental educational institution settings. The assessment was based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) checklist to ascertain that the included studies were specific to the objective of our systematic review.

Results:

The included studies were assessed for country-wise publication, type of study, and its outcome. Of the 10 studies that met the inclusion criteria, 5 articles were related to patient safety. 2 out of the 5 articles were from the United States of America (USA) 2 were from the United Kingdom (UK), followed by 1 from Mexico. For articles related to safety culture, 3 out of the 5 articles were from Saudi Arabia, and 2 were from the USA.

Conclusion:

The analysis of the selected review articles suggests that rigorous training should be implemented in inpatient record documentation, incident reporting, and infection control protocols. The authors suggested focused training on patient safety culture and the inclusion of safety culture awareness and training to the dental undergraduate curriculum.
Client-Driven Level 2 BIM Implementation: A Case Study from the UAE
Authors: Shafiq Muhammad T.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Implementation of Building Information Modelling (BIM) has proven to deliver major performance improvements in Program efficiency, design quality, constructability, waste reduction, environmental performance, and capital & operational cost management of built environment projects. Yet BIM implementation in low BIM maturity markets, such as the UAE, is limited to technology applications which fail to deliver the full potential of BIM benefits to client originations.

Objective:

The purpose of this paper is to investigate BIM implementation from a client’s perspective and to present a case study that exhibits a level 2 BIM implementation process in a traditional procurement environment.

Methods:

The study has used a case study approach combined with a literature review. A critical appraisal of relevant literature is presented to highlight key issues hindering BIM implementation for client organizations, especially in developing BIM markets, such as the UAE. The research is collected using an action research approach within a case study, including project document audit, participation in project collaboration meetings and extensive communication with the project stakeholders. The case study is presented in a practice-oriented research format describing the project details, procurement approach, BIM development & management process and benefits achieved for the project client.

Results:

The paper presents a structured approach to strategically introduce BIM within a low BIM maturity market, creating partnering relationships, empower the supply chain partners and achieving significant BIM benefits with minimum disruption to existing work practices. The paper highlights that although BIM requires a step-change in the work practices of the construction industry, yet it is possible to successfully implement BIM with traditional procurement settings, which may be a critical feature in a certain market or a client requirement.

Conclusion:

There is a need for case study based, practice-oriented research work within the domain of BIM implementation. Construction clients in low maturity BIM markets are concerned about the perceived benefits of BIM and its practical implementation within existing business practices, which is addressed in this paper. Overall, the findings of this study are useful for construction industry clients and academia in redefining the existing work practices to incorporate BIM-enabled processes and applications.
The Knowledge of Female Students Regarding the Human Papilloma Virus and Vaccines at a Selected University in South Africa
Authors: Mushasha Matodzi P. , Mashau Ntsieni S. , Ramathuba Dorah U.
Published: June 2021

Background:

The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the viruses that causes high mortality rates worldwide, and if not detected and treated early, it may lead to fatal complications such as cervical cancer and breast cancer.

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge of female students regarding the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and its vaccines at a selected University in the Limpopo Province, South Africa.

Methods:

A quantitative approach was adopted in this cross-sectional descriptive study. The target population was all female students residing in the university residences on campus, and a sample size of 310 students was determined. A systematic sampling technique was used to select the rooms of students, and a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data collected was analysed using SPSS version 26, and results were presented in the form of frequency and percentages.

Results:

Out of the 310 respondents, 56.8% had never heard about the HPV, while 43.2% had heard about the HPV and its vaccines. The majority (82.9%) of the respondents were uncertain about the two HPV vaccines available in South Africa, while only 1.9% of the respondents knew that anal cancer is one of the health problems related to HPV. The results of the study further showed that 56.8% of the respondents did not know whether the HPV vaccines prevented cervical cancer or not, while only 6.1% disagreed that the HPV vaccines prevented cervical cancer.

Conclusion:

The study concludes that the female students at the selected university had insufficient knowledge regarding HPV and its vaccines. Since cervical cancer is one of the major causes of death in low and middle-income countries, knowledge regarding HPV and its vaccines is crucial, especially among the young generation, in order to promote the effective prevention of cervical cancer. Community and university radios should have programs about health promotion issues informing the communities about HPV and its vaccines.
Green Synthesis of Antibacterial Silver Nanoparticles against Drug Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Siddiqui Ayesha , Shakoor Afnan Abdul , Zohra Rashida Rahmat , Ahmad Mahnaz , Zohra Raheela Rahmat
Published: June 2021

Background:

Nanotechnology brings a massive revolution in the domain of medical
biotechnology. Plants possess thousands of antimicrobial compounds; these compounds can be extracted
and utilized in the production of medicines.

Objective:

The aim of this research is to design an economical method for the formation of nanoparticles
from plants and explore their antibacterial activity.

Methods:

In the present study, we used the plants Aloe barbadensis, Azadirachta indica, Carica papaya,
Mentha arvensis and Catharanthus roseus. Ethanolic, methanolic and aqueous extracts of the
above mentioned plants were used to prepare silver nanoparticles. Antimicrobial activities of the
nanoparticles of extracts were determined against pathogenic strains of bacteria.

Results:

Results showed that silver nanoparticles are formed from the ethanolic and methanolic extracts
of Azadirachta indica, Carica papaya, Mentha arvensis and Catharanthus roseus and from
the aqueous extracts of Aloe barbadensis and Mentha arvensis. It was observed that nanonoparticles
of ethanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica, Carica papaya, Mentha arvensis and Catharanthus
roseus exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas specie, E.coli, Pseudomonas
specie and S.typhi, respectively. On the other hand, the nanoparticles of methanolic extracts
of Carica papaya, Mentha arvensis and Catharanthus roseus showed the highest inhibition against
E.coli, whereas, maximum zone of inhibition of Pseudomonas was observed by the action of
methanolic extract of Azadirachta indica. It is also found that nanoparticles of the aqueous extracts
of Aloe barbadensis and Mentha arvensis inhibited the pathogenic strains and showed maximum
activity against Pseudomonas and E.coli, respectively.

Conclusion:

The above results indicate that the nanoparticles formed from the extracts of the tested
plants have high antimicrobial potential and could be utilized in the preparation of medicines to
treat various disorders.
A Non-intrusive Load Identification Algorithm Combined with Event Detection
Authors: Jiao Runhai , Zhou Qihang , Lyu Liangqiu , Yan Guangwei
Published: June 2021

Background:

The traditional state-based non-intrusive load monitoring method mainly
deploys the aggregate load as the characteristic to identify the states of every electrical appliance. Each
identification is relatively independent, and there is no correlation between the identification results.

Objective:

This paper combines the event detection results with the state-based non-intrusive load
identification algorithm to improve accuracy.

Methods:

Firstly, the load recognition model based on an artificial neural network is constructed, and
the state-based recognition results are obtained. An event recognition and detection model is then
built to identify electrical state transitions, that is, the current moment based on the event recognition
results obtained from the previous moment. Finally, a reasonable decision method is constructed to
determine the identification result of the electrical states.

Result:

Experimental results on the public data set REDD show that in the Long Short-Term
Memory (LSTM) fusion model, the macro-F1 is increased by an average of 6%, and the macro-F1 of
the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) fusion model is increased by an average of 5.3% compared with
LSTM and ANN.

Conclusion:

The proposed model can effectively improve the accuracy of identification compared
with the state-based load identification method.
Pyrazole Substituted 9-Anilinoacridines as HER2 Inhibitors Targeting
Breast Cancer - An in-silico approach
Authors: Rajagopal Kalirajan , Sri Vulsi Bodhya , Byran Gowramma , Gomathi Swaminathan
Published: June 2021

Background:

Breast cancer is one of the malignant tumours which mainly affect the female
population. 20% of the cases of breast cancer are due to the over-expression of Human epidermal
growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), which is the dominant tyrosine kinase receptor. In general,
9-anilinoacridine derivatives play an important role in antitumor activity due to their DNA-intercalating
properties.

Objective:

Some novel 9-anilinoacridines substituted with pyrazole moiety (1a-z) were designed
and their HER2enzyme (PDB id-3PP0) inhibition activity was performed by molecular docking
studies using the Glide module of Schrodinger suite 2019-4.

Methods:

Glide module of the Schrodinger suite was used to perform docking studies; qikprop module
was used for in-silico ADMET screening and the Prime-MMGBSA module was used for free
binding energy calculations. Based on GLIDE scoring functions, we can determine the binding
affinity of ligands (1a-z) towards HER2.

Results:

The inhibitory activity of ligands against HER2 was mainly due to the strong hydrophobic
and hydrogen bonding interactions. Almost all the compounds 1a-z exhibited a good binding affinity
with Glide scores in the range of -4.9 to -9.75, when compared with the standard drugs CK0403
(-4.105) and Tamoxifen (-3.78). From the results of in-silico ADMET properties, it was evident
that most of the compounds fell within the recommended values. MM-GBSA binding calculations
of the most potent inhibitors were found to be more favourable.

Conclusion:

The results of in-silico studies provide strong evidence for the potential of valuable ligands
in pyrazole substituted 9-anilinoacridines as HER2 inhibitors, and the compounds,
1v,s,r,d,a,o with significant Glide scores may produce significant anti-breast cancer activity.
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF 6-(40 -IODOPHENYL)-2,3-DIHYDRO [2,1-B] THIAZOLE AT THYROID FUNCTION MALE WHITE RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS
Authors: Malova N. G. , Sirotenko L. A. , Komarova I. V. , Anikeeva E. S. , Spiridonov A. V. , Sova A. N. , Vakula Volodimir , Yaremenko F. G.
Published: June 2021

The study of new biologically active compound PL-308 with immunomodulating properties on the thyroid function in rats with experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. It was determined that the introduction of PL-308 reduces autoimmune aggression by lowering the level of antibodies to thyroglobulin, increases the number of all subpopulations of T-lymphocytes, in particular Tsuppressors. It was observed normalization of the functional state of the thyroid gland.