bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time trend, social vulnerability, and identification of risk areas for tuberculosis in Brazil: An ecological study
Authors: de Paiva João Paulo Silva , Magalhães Mônica Avelar Figueiredo Mafra , Leal Thiago Cavalcanti , da Silva Leonardo Feitosa , da Silva Lucas Gomes , do Carmo Rodrigo Feliciano , de Souza Carlos Dornels Freire
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Tuberculosis is one of the ten leading causes of death and the leading infectious cause worldwide. The disease represents a challenge to health systems around the world. In 2018, it is estimated that 10 million people were affected by tuberculosis, and approximately 1.5 million people died due to the disease worldwide, including 251,000 patients coinfected with HIV. In Brazil, the disease caused 4,490 deaths, with rate of 2.2 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants. The objective of this study was to analyze the time behavior, spatial, spatial-temporal distribution, and the effects of social vulnerability on the incidence of TB in Brazil during the period from 2001 to 2017.

Materials and methods

A spatial-temporal ecological study was conducted, including all new cases of tuberculosis registered in Brazil during the period from 2001 to 2017. The following variables were analyzed: incidence rate of tuberculosis, the Social Vulnerability Index, its subindices, its 16 indicators, and an additional 14 variables available on the Atlas of Social Vulnerability. The statistical treatment of the data consisted of the following three stages: a) time trend analysis with a joinpoint regression model; b) spatial analysis and identification of risk areas based on smoothing of the incidence rate by local empirical Bayesian model, application of global and local Moran statistics, and, finally, spatial-temporal scan statistics; and c) analysis of association between the incidence rate and the indicators of social vulnerability.

Results

Brazil reduced the incidence of tuberculosis from 42.8 per 100,000 to 35.2 per 100,000 between 2001 and 2017. Only the state of Minas Gerais showed an increasing trend, whereas nine other states showed a stationary trend. A total of 326 Brazilian municipalities were classified as high priority, and 22 high-risk spatial-temporal clusters were identified. The overall Social Vulnerability Index and the subindices of Human Capital and Income and Work were associated with the incidence of tuberculosis. It was also observed that the incidence rates were greater in municipalities with greater social vulnerability.

Conclusions

This study identified clusters with high risk of TB in Brazil. A significant association was observed between the incidence rate of TB and the indices of social vulnerability.
Representation of women at American Psychiatric Association annual meetings over 10 years (between 2009 and 2019)
Authors: Sebbane Sabrina , Bailly Sophie , Lambert Wayne-Corentin , Sanchez Stéphane , Hingray Coraline , El-Hage Wissam
Published: January 2022

Objective

Sex disparity is a major societal issue. The aim of this paper was to describe changes in the representation of women among speakers of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) annual meeting over 10 years, between 2009 and 2019 and to compare them to changes in the proportion of women among American psychiatrists.

Methods

Data were collected from the programs of the APA annual meetings of 2009 and 2019, and from the Association of American Medical Colleges. Descriptive and comparative statistical analyses were performed.

Results

There were 1,138 distinct speakers at the 2009 conference and 1,784 at the 2019 conference. The number of distinct female speakers increased from 413 (36.3%) to 813 (45.6%). The proportion of female speakers at the meetings was almost equivalent to the proportion of women in the American psychiatrists’ workforce. The number of female chairs increased from 158 (39.6%) to 322 (46.4%). There were 38 female speakers in child and adolescent psychiatry in 2009 (51.4% of 74 speakers) and 74 in 2019 (51.0% of 155 speakers).

Conclusions

The representation of women at the APA annual meetings increased between 2009 and 2019. At the same time, the growth in the percentage of women in the American psychiatrists’ workforce was slower. The APA appears to promote female representation during its annual meetings.
T and NK cell lymphoma cell lines do not rely on ZAP-70 for survival
Authors: de Mel Sanjay , Mustafa Nurulhuda , Selvarajan Viknesvaran , Azaman Muhammad Irfan , Jaynes Patrick William , Venguidessane Shruthi , Phuong Hoang Mai , Alnaseri Zubaida Talal , Phyu The , Girard Louis-Pierre , Chng Wee Joo , Wardyn Joanna , Li Ying , An Omer , Yang Henry , Ng Siok Bian , Jeyasekharan Anand D.
Published: January 2022

B-cell receptor (BCR) signalling is critical for the survival of B-cell lymphomas and is a therapeutic target of drugs such as Ibrutinib. However, the role of T-cell receptor (TCR) signalling in the survival of T/Natural Killer (NK) lymphomas is not clear. ZAP-70 (zeta associated protein-70) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase with a critical role in T-cell receptor (TCR) signalling. It has also been shown to play a role in normal NK cell signalling and activation. High ZAP-70 expression has been detected by immunohistochemistry in peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL) and NK cell lymphomas (NKTCL). We therefore, studied the role of TCR pathways in mediating the proliferation and survival of these malignancies through ZAP-70 signalling. ZAP-70 protein was highly expressed in T cell lymphoma cell lines (JURKAT and KARPAS-299) and NKTCL cell lines (KHYG-1, HANK-1, NK-YS, SNK-1 and SNK-6), but not in multiple B-cell lymphoma cell lines. siRNA depletion of ZAP-70 suppressed the phosphorylation of ZAP-70 substrates, SLP76, LAT and p38MAPK, but did not affect cell viability or induce apoptosis in these cell lines. Similarly, while stable overexpression of ZAP-70 mediates increased phosphorylation of target substrates in the TCR pathway, it does not promote increased survival or growth of NKTCL cell lines. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor Gefitinib, which has off-target activity against ZAP-70, also did not show any differential cell kill between ZAP-70 overexpressing (OE) or knockdown (KD) cell lines. Whole transcriptome RNA sequencing highlighted that there was very minimal differential gene expression in three different T/NK cell lines induced by ZAP-70 KD. Importantly, ZAP-70 KD did not significantly enrich for any downstream TCR related genes and pathways. Altogether, this suggests that high expression and constitutive signalling of ZAP-70 in T/NK lymphoma is not critical for cell survival or downstream TCR-mediated signalling and gene expression. ZAP-70 therefore may not be a suitable therapeutic target in T/NK cell malignancies.
Assessment of the use of computed tomography colonography in early detection of peritoneal metastasis in patients with gastric cancer: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Iwasaki Kenichi , Cho Haruhiko , Maezawa Yukio , Tsuchida Kazuhito , Kano Kazuki , Fujikawa Hirohito , Yamada Takanobu , Ogata Takashi , Oshima Takashi
Published: January 2022

Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is one of the most frequent forms of gastric cancer recurrence. In this study, we aimed to use computed tomography (CT) colonography (CTC) to detect signs of PM earlier in patients in whom PM was suspected but not yet diagnosed. CTC was used to evaluate patients with clinical symptoms or general CT findings that were suspicious but not sufficient to confirm PM. In total, 18 patients with suspected PM were enrolled. Ten patients (55.6%) had PM on CTC. Abnormal colonic deformities were identified at locations other than those of the lesions detected by general CT in seven patients. The sensitivity and specificity of CTC for the detection of PM were 83.3% and 100%, respectively. The median overall survival after CTC was 201 days in the CTC-positive group, which was significantly shorter than that in the CTC-negative group (945 days, p = 0.01). In the multivariate analysis, a positive CTC finding was the only factor independently associated with survival (p = 0.005). According to our experience with 18 patients, CTC can be an alternative to conventional imaging for early detection of PM. Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to confirm and validate these findings.

University hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR): Registration number: UMIN000044167.
Impact of delayed type hypersensitivity arthritis on development of heart failure by aortic constriction in mice
Authors: Tønnessen Theis Christian , Melleby Arne Olav , Hauge-Iversen Ida Marie , Espe Emil Knut Stenersen , Ahmed Mohammed Shakil , Ueland Thor , Haavardsholm Espen Andre , Atkinson Sara Marie , Melum Espen , Attramadal Håvard , Sjaastad Ivar , Vinge Leif Erik
Published: January 2022

Aims

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have increased risk of heart failure (HF). The mechanisms and cardiac prerequisites explaining this association remain unresolved. In this study, we sought to determine the potential cardiac impact of an experimental model of RA in mice subjected to HF by constriction of the ascending aorta.

Methods

Aorta was constricted via thoracotomy and placement of o-rings with inner diameter 0.55 mm or 0.66 mm, or sham operated. RA-like phenotype was instigated by delayed-type hypersensitivity arthritis (DTHA) two weeks after surgery and re-iterated after additional 18 days. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed before surgery and at successive time points throughout the study. Six weeks after surgery the mice were euthanized, blood and tissue were collected, organ weights were documented, and expression levels of cardiac foetal genes were analysed. In a supplemental study, DTHA-mice were euthanized throughout 14 days after induction of arthritis, and blood was analysed for important markers and mediators of RA (SAP, TNF-α and IL-6). In order to put the latter findings into clinical context, the same molecules were analysed in serum from untreated RA patients and compared to healthy controls.

Results

Significant elevations of inflammatory markers were found in both patient- and murine blood. Furthermore, the DTHA model appeared clinically relevant when compared to the inflammatory responses observed in three prespecified RA severity disease states. Two distinct trajectories of cardiac dysfunction and HF development were found using the two o-ring sizes. These differences were consistent by both MRI, organ weights and cardiac foetal gene expression levels. Still, no difference within the HF groups, nor within the sham groups, could be found when DTHA was induced.

Conclusion

DTHA mediated systemic inflammation did not cause, nor modify HF caused by aortic constriction. This indicates other prerequisites for RA-induced cardiac dysfunction.
Lingual bone thickness in the apical region of the horizontal mandibular third molar: A cross-sectional study in young Japanese
Authors: Matsuda Shinpei , Yoshimura Hitoshi
Published: January 2022

Background

Perforation of the lingual plate in the apical region of mandibular third molars will increase the risk of aberration and migration of the root tip and the risk of lingual nerve injury. The aim of this study was to analyze anatomical information, including relationships between the apical region of horizontally impacted mandibular third molars and lingual plates, in young Japanese.

Methods

Japanese patients, with horizontally impacted third molars, who underwent CT examination as a preoperative assessment for mandibular third molar extraction were included, and anatomical characteristics in the apical region of the right mandibular third molar were analyzed, in this study.

Results

A total of 121 patients were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study. The mean and standard deviation of the bone thickness on the lingual side of the mandibular third molar in the apical region was 1.5 ± 1.6 mm, and the absence of lingual cortical bone in the apical region, namely, “perforation”, was observed in 44 patients. The statistical analysis revealed the predictors of cases with perforation as follows: gender, age, and the available space evaluated by Pell and Gregory classification.

Conclusions

This study clarified that “perforation” was sometimes observed in young Japanese, and that the predictors of those cases were as follows: gender, age, and the available space evaluated by Pell and Gregory classification.
Les "opinions des mortels" de Parménide et un éventuel pythagorisme éléatique
Authors: Cordero Nestor Luis
Published: January 2022

La Déesse de Parménide annonce toujours que les δόξαι sont un produit humain. Mais il y a un point qui n'a pas été en général remarqué dans les études consacrées à l'étude des δόξαι: elles décrivent une activité humaine qui consiste a expliquer la réalité par la présence de principes opposés, et qui est toujours en rapport avec la "nomination" (voir fr. 8.51, fr. 8.38-41, fr 9, fr. 19.3). Il y avait à l'époque de Parménide une école qui correspondait à ce portrait robot, ou s'agit-il d'un collage de Parménide? Quoi qu'il en soit, il est attesté la présence d'une branche du Pythagorisme qui se caractérisait, précisément, pour "placer" des noms sur les choses.
Textualidade sonoramente orientada: O caso Heráclito
Authors: Mota Marcus
Published: January 2022

Neste artigo apresenta-se a proposta de compreender os textos restantes do livro perdido de Heráclito como arranjos de palavras a partir de padrões audiofocais. Assim, tais textos não apenas conteriam referências a sons como também explorariam criativamente grandezas psicoacústicas. Basilar para a argumentação aqui desenvolvida é a identificação de um movimento oscilatório presente tanto na distribuição dos vocábulos e frases quanto nas referências textuais. Tal movimento oscilatório aproxima a escrita de Heráclito de eventos físicos acústicos.
Platon et Plotin face au problème de la séparation
Authors: Fattal Michel
Published: January 2022

Dans cette étude consacrée à Platon et Plotin, il s'agit de mettre au jour toute l'originalité de la pensée de Platon et de Plotin face au problème de la séparation (chôrismos) à travers l'analyse précises de certains dialogues de Platon et de Traités significatifs de Plotin.
Peri tou (mē) ontos. Melissus and Gorgias at the ontological crossroad
Authors: Giombini Stefania , Pulpito Massimo
Published: January 2022

Editorial
El paradigma de la sensibilidad y la fragmentación en el PTMO de Gorgias
Authors: Spangeberg Pilar
Published: January 2022

El artículo pretende mostrar la importancia que reviste el tratamiento ofrecido por Gorgias en torno a la sensación y su relación con el pensamiento y el lenguaje en los dos resúmenes conservados del Peri tou me ontos (PTMO). Sostengo queallí se postula una fragmentación radical del hombre como polo unificado de la sensación, así como también del objeto en una multiplicidad de aristas que no encuentran momento sintético alguno. El paradigma de la sensibilidad fragmentada es el fundamento central, incuestionado en el tratado que se proyectará a las relaciones entre ser, pensamiento y discurso para abonar la tesis de la imposibilidad del conocimiento y de la comunicación. Más allá de las intenciones gorgianas, se subraya el valor aporético de tales planteos y se  sugieren importantes proyecciones de tales aporías en las propuestas de Platón y Aristóteles en torno a la sensibilidad.
Enacting cultural literacy as a dialogic social practice: the role of provisional language in classroom talk
Authors: Cook Victoria , Maine Fiona , Čermáková Anna
Published: January 2022

The concept of cultural literacy as a dialogic social practice celebrates alternative perspectives. Navigating multiple perspectives in dialogue requires high ‘tolerance of ambiguity’ characterised by a positive, open and flexible attitude towards uncertainty. This article aims to explore how provisional language is used in classroom dialogue to enact tolerance of ambiguity and its associated democratic behaviours. It draws on data collected as part of a larger European-funded project in which children and young people used wordless texts as springboards to engage in discussions about cultural themes. We report findings from an in-depth qualitative analysis of two lessons (for 9–10-year-olds and 13–14-year-olds) chosen due to their use of provisional language and focus on multiple perspectives. We explore how the social element of provisional language enables students to enact key democratic behaviours as they learn to navigate multiple perspectives in small peer-group learning contexts. We find that teacher modelling and dual objectives in promoting such language are central to creating a safe dialogic space with inherent democratic potential that is not bound by solution-seeking goals. We consider the pedagogical implications of this by problematising the role of dialogue in enacting democratic behaviours through a critical exploration of the concept of ‘voice’.
tecnologias sociais sustentáveis no município de Tabuleiro do Norte (CE)
Authors: Barros Silmaria Katiuscia Maia , Silva Marcia Regina , Diógenes Cristiano Silva da Rocha
Published: January 2022

Atualmente, existem várias tecnologias sociais (TS) de convivência com o semiárido (CSA) sendo aplicadas no Nordeste brasileiro. Tais tecnologias vêm colaborando na construção de comunidades e cidades sustentáveis, conforme orientam os Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODSs), além de promoverem o desenvolvimento territorial de acordo com a Agenda 2030, proposta pela Organização das Nações Unidas em 2015. Porém, não são amplamente conhecidas e acessíveis para todos. Esta pesquisa tem o intuito de apresentar duas experiências exitosas com as tecnologias sociais de convivência com o semiárido, o Bioágua e o Biodigestor, no Município de Tabuleiro do Norte, Ceará (CE). Tais tecnologias buscam garantir uma melhor qualidade de vida para quem vive no campo, mantendo o equilíbrio com o meio ambiente. Uma análise de documentos oficiais que deram concretude ao projeto em estudo - Comunidades Vivas, possibilitou traçar o caminho das TS percorrido pelo Instituto Brotar. Uma abordagem qualitativa foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com membros das comunidades beneficiadas. A partir dos dados coletados e das análises realizadas, foi identificada uma relação existente entre a implementação das TS com alguns dos Objetivos do desenvolvimento Sustentável da Agenda 2030.
Produção integrada e segurança alimentar nas vilas produtivas rurais do projeto de integração do Rio São Francisco, ila produtiva Quixeramobim no município de São José de Piranhas – Paraíba
Authors: Araújo de Aquino Andréa , Do Nascimento Junior Braz José , Oliveira Luciana Sousa de
Published: January 2022

A reinserção socioprodutiva das famílias reassentadas pelo Projeto de Transposição do Rio São Francisco – PISF, é um dos grandes desafios enfrentados nas Vilas Produtivas Rurais do projeto. O objetivo desse artigo é apresentar a experiência de uma família na vila produtiva Quixeramobim no município de São Jose de Piranhas – PB, que desenvolve em seu quintal produtivo praticas agroecológicas de produção, na perspectiva da segurança alimentar e geração de renda. No contexto do semiárido nordestino, o Programa Básico Ambiental (PBA 08), desenvolvido pela Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco – UNIVASF em parceria com o Ministério do Desenvolvimento Regional – MDA, propôs processos sociais locais que contribuíssem com a segurança alimentar, geração de ocupação e renda e autonomia das famílias reassentadas do PISF. Através de Metodologias Participativas (Linha do Tempo, Caminhada transversal e FOFA) os agricultores familiares indicaram os cursos de Quintal Produtivo e Horta Agroecológica como meios de desenvolver sistemas produtivos adaptados à convivência com o Semiárido em consonância com a preservação do meio ambiente.
Geografia e cannabis
Authors: Santos Rafael Follmann dos , Rosas Celbo Antonio da Fonseca
Published: January 2022

Desde milhares de anos a cannabis possui relação com a espécie humana. Hoje proibida em países como o Brasil, até pouco depois do início do século XX, esta planta praticamente não havia sido reprimida ao longo da existência da humanidade. Embora nos últimos anos o Brasil venha repensando seu tratamento jurídico, o cultivo e comércio legal de cannabis é exclusivo para finalidades medicinais, enquanto o uso recreativo, que não acabou com a proibição e a repressão, constitui uma demanda por maconha que é sustentada por produções ilegais. Diferentes grupos de indivíduos projetam na cannabis suas intenções, resultando em diferentes representações no território nacional com relação a esta planta. A qualquer momento a cannabis pode se tornar legalizada ou mais reprimida se uma intenção prevalecer sobre a outra. Embora estas intenções também provenham de outros países de forma significativa, como a influencia mundial sobre a política de drogas exercida pelos Estados Unidos, as disputas territoriais possuem configurações únicas em cada país. O caso do Brasil investigado neste texto, pode envolver relações internas e externas. Contudo, até o momento nem um esforço foi realizado para identificar os possíveis territórios configurados nessa disputa. Este estudo busca conceitualizar as principais disputas territoriais constituídas pela cannabis no Brasil. Após revisar aspectos histórico-geográficos da cannabis com relação aos seus interesses pela humanidade, é definido o conceito que permita compreender como se configuram os diferentes territórios nesta disputa. Quatro territórios foram identificados e conceitualizados. Este se trata de um estudo singular e que se inicia, e apesar da valiosa discussão, ainda há muito para se investigar sobre as geografias da cannabis, e seus possíveis subcampos, como as territorialidades envolvidas. Assim também é esperado que esta discussão estimule novas pesquisas.
Aportes para o (des)envolvimento da agricultura camponesa no entorno da rota bioceânica, em Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Costa Edgar Aparecido da , Rodrigues Glenda Helenice da Silva , Saquet Marcos Aurelio
Published: January 2022

A agricultura camponesa se caracteriza pela produção de alimentos voltada para a existência familiar, para consumo próprio e para comercialização. Carece de políticas públicas para a produção e venda dos seus produtos, que pode ser estimulada pela ampliação ou criação de novos circuitos de comercialização, especialmente curtos. Além disso, a “modernização” da infraestrutura viária pode funcionar como atrativo para a geração de novos negócios, impactando substantivamente o entorno de cada grande investimento. Por isso, o objetivo deste artigo é problematizar o debate do (des)envolvimento e apresentar algumas possibilidades de aproveitamento, pelos agricultores camponeses, das singularidades territoriais do entorno da passagem da rota bioceânica no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Utilizou-se, como metodologia de pesquisa, dados secundários do IBGE sobre a agricultura e a pecuária, entrevistas com técnicos de extensão rural e trabalho de campo no trecho de Campo Grande a Porto Murtinho, passando pelas cidades de Sidrolândia, Nioaque, Guia Lopes da Laguna e Jardim. Observou-se que a agricultura camponesa pode se beneficiar da proximidade espacial com a rota bioceânica, desde que os camponeses tenham suporte político do Estado e de organizações não governamentais que valorizem a importância da sua cultura na produção de alimentos para o mercado interno.
Ações de enfermagem na educação em saúde do trabalhador em relação à imunização ocupacional
Authors: Galarça Ana Maria Silveira dos Santos
Published: January 2022

A prevenção aos riscos aos quais o trabalhador da saúde está exposto está diretamente relacionada às questões de biossegurança e vacinação. Logo, a imunização se caracteriza como uma importante ferramenta de prevenção a agravos infectocontagiosos, inclusive aos profissionais de saúde, dentre eles, os profissionais de Odontologia. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo do tipo relato de experiência, resultante de uma atividade de educação em saúde vinculada ao projeto de extensão “Ações preventivas e corretivas em segurança do trabalho, de uma Faculdade de Odontologia do Rio Grande do Sul”. A experiência trata da realização de atividades que envolveram palestras, roda de conversa, oficinas e campanhas de vacinação no período de março a novembro de 2019, no qual foram realizados seis encontros com média de 120 participantes por evento. Verificou-se que a atividade de educação em saúde aqui relatada foi significativa para todos os participantes envolvidos. Para os discentes e profissionais da unidade, foi capaz de ampliar o olhar a respeito dos temas discutidos; para os participantes do projeto, motivou-nos a prosseguir na caminhada proposta. Portanto, as ações de extensão preenchem a lacuna observada no âmbito da unidade a fim de contribuir de forma permanente e transformar as práticas profissionais.
“Agro é tudo”
Authors: Souza Victor Hugo Silva , Silva Maria Cristina de Souza , Brandão Lorena Martins , Guimarães Rubens José
Published: January 2022

Muitas crianças não conhecem o sistema de produção agrícola em função de viverem na cidade. Portanto, permitir o contato dessas crianças com os diversos sistemas de produção da cadeia de alimentos é proporcionar novas experiências e novos conceitos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi esclarecer às crianças como é o funcionamento do sistema de produção de alimentos, desde sua implantação no campo até o consumidor final. O projeto contou com a participação de 10 escolas e 150 crianças com faixa etária variando de 5 a 14 anos do município de Lavras. Por meio das metodologias qualitativas foi possível avaliar o impacto da visita na vida das crianças, dos pais e dos professores. A atividade foi desenvolvida no Departamento de Agricultura da Universidade Federal de Lavras, envolvendo setores de fruticultura, olericultura, cafeicultura e entomologia. Concluiu-se que a experiência teve impacto positivo na vida das crianças, pais e professores, mostrando que a exposição de crianças a experiências diferenciadas beneficia ainda mais a educação infantil.
Analisis Perbandingan Kinerja TCP Vegas dan TCP New Reno Menggunakan Antrian Drop Tail
Authors: Fahrudy Dony , Sugiantoro Bambang
Published: January 2022

TCP was developed to deal with problems that often occur in the network, such as congestion problems. Congestion can occur when the number of packets transmitted in the network approaches the network capacity which can cause network problems. This can be overcome by implementing TCP and queue management. In this research, we will test the performance of TCP Newreno and TCP Vegas using NS-2 in the Drop Tail queue. The performance parameters used are throughput, packet drop, and congestion window with additional buffer capacity. The test results for the congestion window and packet drop parameters, TCP Vegas has better performance when the buffer gets bigger when congestion occurs with the congestion window smaller than TCP New Reno and the average packet drop is 18.33 packets compared to TCP New Reno with an average of 18.33 packets. average 41.67 packets. For throughput parameters, TCP New Reno has better performance with an average of 6.77253 Mbps than TCP Vegas with an average of 4.29693 Mbps. From testing and analysis that TCP Vegas has better performance than TCP New Reno when using Drop Tail queues.
Pengamanan Citra Digital Berbasis Kriptografi Menggunakan Algoritma Vigenere Cipher
Authors: Imam Riadi  , Abdul Fadlil  , Fahmi Auliya Tsani
Published: January 2022

Cryptography is one of the most popular methods in data security by making data very difficult to read or even unreadable. One of the well-known techniques or algorithms in cryptography is Vigenere Cipher. This classic algorithm is classified as a polyalphabetic substitution cipher-based algorithm. Therefore, this algorithm tends to only handle data in text form. By this research, a console-based application has been developed which is made from PHP programming language to be able to encrypt and decrypt digital image media using Vigenere Cipher. The encryption process is done by first converting a digital image into a base64 encoding format so that the encryption process can be carried out using the tabula recta containing the radix-64 letter arrangement used for base64 encoding. Conversely, the decryption process is carried out by restoring the encrypted file using radix-64 letters, so we get the image file in the base64 encoding format. Then, the image with the base64 encoding format is decoded into the original file. The encryption process took less than 0,2 seconds and 0.19 seconds for the decryption process and 33.34% for average file size addition on the encrypted file from the original file size. Testing on ten different images with different sizes and dimensions showed a 100% success rate which means this research was successfully carried out.
Pemanfaatan Network Forensic Investigation Framework untuk Mengidentifikasi Serangan Jaringan Melalui Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
Authors: Widodo Tri , Aji Adam Sekti
Published: January 2022

Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is one of the technology to ensure the security of computers. IDS is an early detection system in the event of a computer network attack. The IDS will alert the computer network administrator in the event of a computer network attack. IDS also records all attempts and activities aimed at disrupting computer networks and other computer network attacks. The purpose of this study is to implement IDS on network systems and analyze IDS logs to determine the different types of computer network attacks. Logs on the IDS will be analyzed and will be used as leverage to improve computer network security. The research was carried out using the Network Forensic Investigation Framework proposed by Pilli, Joshi, and Niyogi. The stages of the Network Forensic Investigation Framework are used to perform network simulations, analysis, and investigations to determine the types of computer network attacks. The results show that the Network Forensic Investigation Framework facilitates the investigation process when a network attack occurs. The Network Forensic Investigation Framework is effectively used when the computer network has network security support applications such as IDS or others. IDS is effective in detecting network scanning activities and DOS attacks. IDS gives alerts to administrators because there are activities that violate the rules on the IDS.
Combustion, Physical, and Mechanical Characterization of Composites Fuel Briquettes from Carbonized Banana Stalk and Corncob
Authors: Ibitoye Segun Emmanuel , Mahamood Rasheedat Modupe , Jen Tien-Chien , Akinlabi Esther Titilayo
Published: January 2022

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has reported that consumption of fossil fuels and their products has contributed about 65% of the global greenhouse gas emission. Therefore, it is expedient to look for alternative energy sources for an eco-friendly environment. The EPA recommended using biomass energy as a promising stabilization option to alleviate global climate change.  This study focused on developing composites fuel briquettes from a blend of carbonized corncob and banana stalk. Carbonization was carried out at 380 oC, while 60 min was adopted as the residence time. Briquettes were manufactured at different blending ratios (90CC:10BS, 80CC:20BS, 70CC:30BS, 60CC:40BS and 50CC:50BS of corncob: banana stalk, respectively) and compaction pressures (50, 70 and 90 kPa) using gelatinized starch as binder. The manufactured briquettes' calculated and actual calorific values varied between 18.98-22.07 MJ/kg and 20.22-23.12 MJ/kg, respectively, while shatter indices were in the range of 38.22-89.34%. The compressed and relaxed densities of the fuel briquettes were in the range of 0.32-1.39 g/cm3 and 0.22-1.02 g/cm3, respectively. The relaxation ratio and water resistance properties varied between 1.11- 2.21 and 11-23 min, respectively. Analyses of the results revealed that compaction pressure, blending ratio, and particle size substantially affect the combustion and physico-mechanical characteristics of the manufactured fuel briquettes. When optimum combustion and physico-mechanical properties are required, a sample made from 90CC:10BS (S1) is recommended for use. The fuel briquettes manufactured in this study possess the required thermal and physico-mechanical properties of solid fuel; therefore, it is recommended for different applications.
Women’s destinies after the Declaration of Gender Equality. Spaces and opportunities in the shadow of the ideology of the Party in Hungary
Authors: Takács Izolda
Published: January 2022

The paper is part of a qualitative research project executed in 2017 and 2018, within the scope of which I have recorded semi-structured interviews with 11 female academics and 21 female doctors of science (DSc). I am attempting a comprehensive introduction of how historical changes in the second part of the 20th century affected the women’s and science policies, the educational and employment as well as family support system in Hungary, i.e. how the world presenting contradictory ideological and practical conditions due to the interrupted development of the middle class affected the structure of social roles. By quoting certain parts of the interviews, I intend to demonstrate the exact brand new and traditional issues female scientists have/could have faced during the era of state socialism.
Rodzina w świetle Karty Praw Rodziny
Authors: Babicki Zbigniew
Published: January 2022

The Charter of the Rights of the Family presents a succinct Christian viewpoint on a number of the most important problems of family life. By assumption, it is addressed primarily to governments repre- senting various cultures, which take responsibility for the common good, model and point of reference for building appropriate legislation and family policy, as well as setting directions for specific actions. The Charter includes provisions on ensuring families with appropriate moral, educational, social and economic conditions. The Charter explicitly emphasizes the right of parents to educate their children in accordance with their moral and religious beliefs, taking into account the cultural traditions of the family, and to decide on the education of their children. It is an important document which indicates the direction of (re) building the legal and mental system of society in the approach to the institution of the family in the light of the social teaching of the Church. The aim of the article is to try to show the topicality of the Charter of Family Rights in the life of a modern family and the functioning of the state. The text focuses on selected areas related to the fundamental rights of the family, its identity, the family as an educational environment and the need for appropriate support and help for the family.
From clay you are
Authors: Koliński Rafał
Published: January 2022

The people of Mesopotamia believed that they were created by the gods to serve the gods: to work for them in the fields and care for the herds of animals that, through sacrifice, provided the gods’ livelihood. Perhaps this is why mythological motifs are almost absent in the art of Assyria and Babylon. Two small fragments of stone decorated with a convex relief, discovered in 2013 by the archeological team of the Institute of Prehistory at the entrance to the Gūndk cave in Iraqi Kurdistan, belie this claim. They come from a relief scene originally hewn into the rock- face around 2200 BC, but blown up by vandals in the 1990s. Thanks to this recent discovery by the team carrying out the Upper Greater Zab Archaeological Reconnaissance Project in Iraqi Kurdistan and previous drawings of the relief made in 1850 and 1947, it can be proven that the scene showed the god Enki and the goddess Ninmah in the process of molding people out of clay, as described in Mesopotamian myths. Saved for posterity by archaeologists from Poznań, the fragments of the damaged relief are the only known examples of this unique scene.
Metallurgy in the Early Bronze defensive settlement in Bruszczewo, site 5, Śmigiel commune, Kościan district: One more step on the way to the synthesis
Authors: Czebreszuk Janusz
Published: January 2022

Long-term excavations carried out in the defensive settlement of the Únětice Culture in Bruszczewo (Śmigiel commune, Kościan district) have resulted in an abundant assemblage of artefacts related to metallurgy. These represent various ready-made products (i.e., ornaments, tools, and weapons), as well as some scrap prepared for smelting. Other finds included smelting by-products (metal prills/droplets) and unfinished and never used artefacts with preserved casting seams. Also, the artefact assemblage recorded at this site connected with metallurgy but made of other materials is unique in Europe. In this context, it is worth mentioning: tuyeres, melting pots, and clay footings, as well as a stone casting mould used for making open bracelets. This article presents an analysis and a description of these finds. The metal artefacts were analysed on the basis of the results of a metallurgical study, to which almost all metals recorded in Bruszczewo were subjected. Also, the applied chronological frame was based on the types of metal typical of the Únětice culture. The significant number of artefacts and their multi-aspect, archaeological and metallurgical analyses, place Bruszczewo among the key points on the map of knowledge of Early Bronze metallurgy on our continent. Moreover, this article indicates that the presented site offers great research potential that can be used in further studies into prehistoric metallurgical knowledge, including technological innovations.
About the ‘interim’ or discovering the depths of the pre-Roman Iron Age
Authors: Michałowski Andrzej , Teska Milena , Krzyżanowska Marta , Kaczmarska Patrycja , Frankiewicz Mateusz , Żółkiewski Marek , Niedzielski Przemysław
Published: January 2022

The pre-Roman Iron Age, i.e. the last five last centuries BC, is one of the most mysterious periods in Polish prehistory and constitutes an extremely interesting research issue, which help concentrate the studies on it, into a compact group of research problems. The studies on the pre-Roman Iron Age carried out by the group of researchers at the Faculty of Archaeology of the Adam Mickiewicz University are based on the research traditions of Poznań archaeology. The focal point of work in recent years has been settlement pottery, which is a mass source acquired during excavations whose potential has not yet been fully exploited. One way to better understand the possibilities that this type of mass material can bring has been exploitation of the potential of archaeometry. The ongoing studies on the problems of the pre-Roman Iron Age strive to detail and explain the processes and changes occurring at the time. They fit into the Poznań tradition of studies on this period, being a continuation of previous work undertaken on its intricate issues – empowering it and leading it out of the titular ‘interim’, placing it in the fully deserved centre of research interests.
Some Remarks on the Problems of Art Research in Archaeology using the Example of Greek and Roman Sculpture
Authors: Bugaj Ewa
Published: January 2022

This article briefly presents some of the author’s research on art in archaeology, focusing especially on her contributions to research on Greek and Roman sculpture and its historiography. In particular, the problems of research on copies and imitations in Roman culture, Republican portraits of the elderly, the style of Greek sculpture, and the cult statue of Aphrodite of Cnidus are discussed.
The stronghold in Grzybowo and its settlement base in the context of in-depth interdisciplinary research
Authors: Danielewski Marcin
Published: January 2022

This article covers the issues connected with the early medieval stronghold in Grzybowo, which was built in the years 919 to 923 (dendrochronological dating). Its second construction phase took place in the years 929 to 935 and another at the beginning of the next decade of the 10 th century. This complex belongs to the ‘major settlements of the early Piast state’ and has been systematically excavated since the end of the 1980s. The research conducted over the last few years (2018 to 2020), implemented within project No. UMO-2017/25/B/HS3/00016 and financed by the National Science Centre, has provided plentiful new results, but also has confirmed several older hypotheses concerning early medieval Grzybowo. Thanks to the results of this works, it was possible to demonstrate that the stronghold in the form known today (Site 1) primarily consisted of two parts, which in the 10 th century comprised one of the largest settlement complexes in the Greater Poland at that time. An important element supplementing this settlement picture is a craft settlement (Site 6), traces of which were recorded to the south and east of the stronghold. In the course of this research, both in relation to the stronghold and the craft settlement, further excavations and non-invasive research methods were implemented, including ALS LiDAR (Airborne Laser Scanning and Light Detection and Ranging), Aerial Archaeology, magnetic prospection, GPR (Ground- Penetrating Radar), ERS (Electrical Resistivity Survey) and ERT (Electrical Resistivity Tomog- raphy). When necessary and possible, the results of these analyses were verified through excavation. As a result of this combined research, the stronghold complex in Grzybowo is becoming a better understood archaeological site.
Introduction to Volume 44
Authors: Warnqvist Åsa
Published: January 2022

Introduction
Basic Income and Unequal Longevity
Authors: Sá Valente Manuel
Published: January 2022

Universal basic income proposes providing instalments of constant magnitude to all. One problem with a stable basic income across life is that it seems unfair to shorter-lived persons, who are worst-off due to premature death and receive less over their whole lives. Basic capital solves this problem by providing a one-off grant to the young, but I argue that it mistreats long-lived persons, as it does not guarantee their real freedom across life. There is a dilemma between these proposals regarding their respective unfairness to the short- and long-lived. The solution I propose is a net basic income of decreasing magnitude until a specific age, after which the income is constant. This solution is compatible with constant income benefits across life, and it offers a fair answer to the problem of unequal longevity, a widely neglected but essential challenge in debates about basic income.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery and Development
Authors: Liebman Michael
Published: January 2022

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an exciting, growing field. Due to the high and growing number of data, the comprehensive evaluation of information behind data makes AI tools indispensable. In Drug Discovery and Development the application of AI has become important to accelerate progress and enhance decision making in many fields and disciplines of medicinal chemistry, upscaling, molecular and cell biology, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, formulation development and toxicology. In clinical testing AI has high importance in increasing success rates by enhancing trial design (biomarkers, efficacy parameters, dose selection, trial duration), selection of the target patient population, patient stratification and evaluation of patient samples. The increasing relevance of AI in drug discovery and development is reflected by the growing number of start-up companies specialized in this field, the growing number of collaborations from Pharma with AI platforms, and the high number of articles and reviews reporting current applications, their success and limitations.
Fluorescence quenching in plasmonic dimers due to electron tunneling
Authors: Baghramyan Henrikh M. , Ciracì Cristian
Published: January 2022

Plasmonic nanoparticles provide an ideal environment for the enhancement of fluorescent emission. On the one hand, they locally amplify the electromagnetic fields, increasing the emitter excitation rate, and on the other hand, they provide a high local density of states that accelerates spontaneous emission. However, when the emitter is placed in close proximity to a single metal nanoparticle, the number of nonradiative states increases dramatically, causing the fluorescence to quench. It has been predicted theoretically that, through a judicious placing of the emitter, fluorescence in plasmonic nanocavities can be increased monotonically. In this article, we show that such monotonic increase is due to the use of local response approximation in the description of the plasmonic response of metal nanoparticles. We demonstrate that taking into account the electron tunneling and the nonlocality of the surrounding system via the quantum hydrodynamic theory results eventually in a quenching of fluorescence enhancement also when the emitter is placed in a nanocavity, as opposed to local response and Thomas–Fermi hydrodynamic theory results. This outcome marks the importance of considering the quantum effects, in particular, the electron tunneling to correctly describe the emission effects in plasmonic systems at nanoscale.
Crystal structure of (E)-N′-(1-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl) ethylidene)thiophene-2-carbohydrazide, C13H11ClN2O2S
Authors: Li Cui-Cui , Zhang Li
Published: January 2022

C13H11ClN2O2S, orthorhombic, Pna21/n (no. 33), a = 33.781(4) Å, b = 5.2087(6) Å, c = 7.2979(8) Å, β = 90°,
V = 1284.1(3) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0429, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1267, T = 296 K.
Exact wave solutions of the nonlinear Rosenau equation using an analytical method
Authors: Alotaibi Trad , Althobaiti Ali
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the current study is to find exact travelling wave solutions of the Rosenau equation. By the use of the extended auxiliary equation method, various exact solutions are obtained in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions and exponential functions. Moreover, several solitary and periodic wave solutions are given as special cases. When the parameters take some values, some graphical illustrations are shown in order to understand the behaviour of these new solutions. Furthermore, we compare our solutions with some familiar solutions, which can be considered as special cases.
Decision-Making Process in Credit Grantig
Authors: Purinsh Ilmars , Reizinsh Toms , Braslinsh Girts , Svitlika Natalja
Published: January 2022

In recent years many countries have experienced stagnation or even decline in the amount of mortgage credits granted to households. The credit-granting process has become significantly complicated, less transparent and excessively time consuming. This study seeks to define the improvement opportunities for credit granting through creation of a simple, transparent and accountable framework of decision-making process. To achieve this purpose the authors used qualitative method – structured interview and graphical tools – decision tree. The developed framework makes it possible to identify areas of the credit granting that might have potential for considerable improvements. The empirical results of the study indicate that decision-making process in credit granting has considerable potential for improvements. The developed framework is supposed to help commercial banks to improve the quality and efficiency of the decision-making process in the credit granting and reduce cost of credit granting process. This is possible to achieve by cutting down the duration time of alternative solutions with negative outcome – credit denial. This research introduces a valuable framework of transparent and accountable model of decision-making process in the credit granting. The authors have found that the introduced framework is suitable not only for commercial banks but also for a wide range of organizations having similar complicated and multiple staged decision-making processes.