bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pyrazole–coumarin and pyrazole–quinoline chalcones as potential antitubercular agents
Authors: Kumar Gautam , Siva Krishna Vagolu , Sriram Dharmarajan , Jachak Sanjay M.
Published: June 2020

Pyrazole, coumarin, and quinoline are medicinally important moieties. In this study, two series of novel pyrazole–coumarin chalcones and pyrazole–quinoline chalcones were synthesized using multiple‐step reactions. All the synthesized compounds were well characterized using different spectroscopic techniques including 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, high‐resolution mass spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry. The compounds were evaluated for their antitubercular activity against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain using the microplate Alamar Blue assay, and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the compounds were determined. Among the 32 tested compounds, compounds 3e, 3u, and 7h showed an MIC value of 3.125 µg/ml, and they were found to be nontoxic. Molecular docking studies of the compounds with the enzyme DprE1 revealed the probable mechanism of action. The chalcone derivatives exhibited binding affinity values between −7.047 and −9.353 kcal/mol. ADME parameters were predicted using the QikProp module of the Schrödinger software, and these compounds exhibited good pharmacological and oral absorption properties.
Advances in Synchrotron Radiation‐based X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy to Characterize the Fine Atomic Structure of Single‐atom Nanozymes
Authors: Fu Lianlian , Tang Yonghua , Lin Youhui
Published: June 2020

Single‐atom nanozymes (SAzymes) with high atomic utilization, excellent catalytic activities, and selectivity have recently attracted significant interest. Usually, they contain only isolated metal atoms embedded in host matrices. However, traditional measuring instruments are extremely difficult to obtain their useful structural information due to ultra‐low metal loading, amorphous structure, coordination with light‐weight surface atoms and/or co‐existing of other metal elements. Synchrotron radiation‐based X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) has demonstrated its usefulness for this type of catalyst. In this mini‐review, we have summarized the recent progress using XAFS to characterize the fine atomic structure of these nanozymes. The synthetic strategies of SAzymes, the principle of XAFS, delicate structural information by XAFS, and the applications of SAzymes have been presented. Furthermore, the outlook and challenges in this active research field have also been discussed. We expect that the help of XAFS can offer a wealth of opportunities to design and develop more efficient SAzymes and apply them to various fields.
Butterfly‐like Tetraazaacenequinodimethane Derivatives: Synthesis, Structure and Halochromic Properties
Authors: Zhang Zhongbo , Sun Wei , Zhang Huanxiang , Li Xinxiong , Yu Fei , Zhu Jia , Li Xianggao , Zhang Qichun
Published: June 2020

Two novel molecules TAP and TAH with pronounced reversible halochromic properties have been synthesized and fully characterized. Their butterfly‐like structures have been confirmed through single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Their UV‐Vis absorption after protonation dramatically red‐shifted with naked‐eye‐visible color change in a very dilute concentration of 10−5 M. Note that the original color of the solution can be recovered after the neutralization with a base.
PTF1J2224+17: A short‐period, high‐field polar
Authors: Schwope Axel D. , Thinius Bernd D.
Published: June 2020

We present time‐resolved photometry of the cataclysmic variable PTF1J2224+17 obtained during four nights in October 2018 and January 2019 from Inastars observatory. The object is variable on a period of 103.82 min. Archival Catalina Real‐Time Transient Survey (CRTS), Palomar Transient Factory, and Zwicky Transient Facility‐data show frequent changes between high and low states. Based on its photometric properties and the cyclotron humps in the identification spectrum the object is certainly classified as an AM Herculis star (or polar) with a likely magnetic field strength of B ∼ 65 MG. Its accretion duty cycle was estimated from 9 years of photometric monitoring to be about 35%.
KCTD10 Biology: An Adaptor for the Ubiquitin E3 Complex Meets Multiple Substrates
Authors: Maekawa Masashi , Higashiyama Shigeki
Published: June 2020

Protein ubiquitination constitutes a post‐translational modification mediated by ubiquitin ligases whereby ubiquitinated substrates are degraded through the proteasomal or lysosomal pathways, or acquire novel molecular functions according to their “ubiquitin codes.” Dysfunction of the ubiquitination process in cells causes various diseases such as cancers along with neurodegenerative, auto‐immune/inflammatory, and metabolic diseases. KCTD10 functions as a substrate recognition receptor for cullin‐3 (CUL3), a scaffold protein in RING‐type ubiquitin ligase complexes. Recently, studies by ourselves and others have identified new substrates that are ubiquitinated by the CUL3/KCTD10 ubiquitin ligase complex. Moreover, the type of polyubiquitination (e.g., K27‐, K48‐, or K63‐chain) of various substrates (e.g., RhoB, CEP97, EIF3D, and TRIF) mediated by KCTD10 underlies its divergent roles in endothelial barrier formation, primary cilium formation, plasma membrane dynamics, cell proliferation, and immune response. Here, the physiological functions of KCTD10 are summarized and potential mechanisms are proposed.
Reasons for not receiving the HPV vaccine among eligible adults: Lack of knowledge and of provider recommendations contribute more than safety and insurance concerns
Authors: Fokom Domgue Joël , Cunningham Sonia A. , Yu Robert K. , Shete Sanjay
Published: June 2020

Background

The upward trends of vaccine exemptions in Texas are alarming. While HPV vaccine rates in this State are among the lowest nationwide, factors that contribute to the low HPV vaccination uptake among adults remain unknown. In this study, we examined the main reasons for not receiving HPV vaccination among age‐eligible adults.

Methods

The Texas health screening survey (2018), a multistage area probability design‐based survey of a representative sample of Texas residents, was used to identify 907 eligible adults (age ≥ 18 years) respondents, including 724 women aged ≤ 26 years in 2007 (≤38 years in 2018), and 183 men aged ≤ 21 years in 2011 (≤28 years in 2018). Participants who reported having never received an HPV shot, where asked the main reason for not receiving the vaccine.

Results

Overall, 58.5% (95%CI: 55.1‐62.0) of vaccine eligible adults reported having never received the HPV vaccine. The most commonly reported reasons for not receiving it were: did not know about the vaccine (18.5% (14.9‐22.1)), and provider did not recommend (14.1% (10.9‐17.4)). In contrast, commonly perceived reasons such as: safety concerns (7.2% (4.8‐9.5)), lack of insurance (3.4% (1.7‐5.1), and concerns about increasing sexual activity if vaccinated (0.2% (0.0‐0.5)), were less frequently reported.

Conclusion

Among vaccine‐eligible adults, safety and sexuality concerns do not appear to be the prime factors underlying low HPV vaccination rates. Rather than emphasizing them, educational interventions should aim at improving vaccine's knowledge, and enhancing provider recommendations on the necessity of HPV vaccination.
Community Colleges’ Use of the Term “Latinx”
Authors: Salinas Cristobal , Doran Erin E. , Swingle Ethan C.
Published: June 2020

This chapter provides a primer on the evolution of terminology used to classify the Latinx/a/o population in the United States, the origins of the term “Latinx,” and an analysis of how community colleges currently use the term.
Landing Spaces and Capital: Transfer Resiliency and Knowledge Building Among Latino Men
Authors: Vasquez Marissa C. , Salinas Cristobal , Rodriguez Sarah L. , Gonzalez Ángel
Published: June 2020

This chapter provides insights on the community college transfer experiences of Latino men. In particular, we conceptualize how Latino men navigate different spaces (intellectual, emotional, geographical) with the support of family members.
An enormous Italian pedigree of Marfan syndrome with a novel mutation in the FBN1 gene
Authors: Daneshjoo Omid , Salehi Leila B. , Pizzuti Antonio , Novelli Giuseppe , Sangiuolo Federica
Published: June 2020

We characterize a large Italian family presenting with Marfan syndrome (MFS), where the same NM_000138.4:c.6872‐1G > T splice site mutation in the FBN1 gene was detected in 37 affected individuals with different pathological phenotypes. Further studies on such a large pedigree could identify other genetic factors that influence MFS manifestation.
Flower‐like FeS Coated with Heteroatom (S,N)‐Doped Carbon as Highly Active and Durable Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts
Authors: Yuan Yao , Li Rongrong , Thomas Tiju , Chen Jian , Yang Minghui
Published: June 2020

Developing viable substitutes for noble metal electrocatalysts is an important activity, since it enables the movement to a cleaner energy future. Few FeS‐based catalysts have been reported as an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst in the past and it does not have the combination of stability, conductivity and reactivity that makes it a viable option. Here, flower‐like FeS covered by ultrathin S,N co‐doped carbon layer (FeS@C) displays outstanding electrocatalytic ORR performance in alkaline media. The optimum FeS@C‐800 sample outperforms undoped commercial FeS and standard Pt/C catalysts with a high positive half‐wave potential (E1/2=0.80 V vs. RHE), high limiting current density (6.4 mA cm−2), complete 4‐electron reduction, superior tolerance to methanol and excellent durability towards ORR. The S,N co‐doped carbon layers could not only enhance the conductivity and durability, but also further contribute to the improvement of ORR activity through synergistic effect with FeS. The FeS@C also promotes performance as the air cathode in a Zn‐air battery, which exhibits higher power density than Pt/C. Hence the reported catalyst holds prospects for use as a high performance electrocatalyst for ORR.
Redox Electrolytes for Hybrid Type II Electrochromic Devices with Fe−MEPE or Ni1−xO as Electrode Materials
Authors: Niklaus Lukas , Schott Marco , Posset Uwe , Giffin Guinevere A.
Published: June 2020

The use of redox electrolytes in electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on cathodically coloring metallopolymers (MEPEs) and various redox mediators, including potassium hexacyanoferrate(II)/(III) (KHCF(II)/(III)), ferrocene/ferrocenium (Fc0/+) and tetramethyl thiourea/tetramethylformaminium disulfide (TMTU/TMFDS2+), was investigated. By decreasing the concentration of KHCF(III) in the electrolyte, it was possible to significantly reduce the loss current. Although the unpleasant yellow tint could be diminished with lower concentrations, Prussian blue (PB, Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3) was formed during cycling. Fc0/+ and TMTU/TMFDS2+ were studied as the basis of alternative redox electrolytes and characterized in terms of their electrochemical and optical properties. The maximum visible light transmittance changes (Δτv) of 50 % and 48 % were reached with the MEPE reference ECD and the MEPE‐ECD with 0.001 M TMTU/TMFDS2+, respectively. Finally, an ECD combining an anodically coloring non‐stoichiometric nickel oxide (Ni1−xO) electrode with a TMTU/TMFDS2+ (molar ratio: 1/0.1) containing electrolyte exhibits a maximum Δτv of 32 %, with τv ranging from 38 % in the dark state to 70 % in the bright state. These results imply that incorporating redox mediators into the electrolyte provides a straightforward and effective means of simplifying device structures and improving the performance of ECDs based on MEPEs and metal oxides.
Residential segregation and overall survival of women with epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Westrick Ashly C. , Bailey Zinzi D. , Schlumbrecht Matthew , Hlaing WayWay M. , Kobetz Erin E. , Feaster Daniel J. , Balise Raymond R.
Published: June 2020

Background

To the authors' knowledge, the etiology of survival disparities in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is not fully understood. Residential segregation, both economic and racial, remains a problem within the United States. The objective of the current study was to analyze the effect of residential segregation as measured by the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) on EOC survival in Florida by race and/or ethnicity.

Methods

All malignant EOC cases were identified from 2001 through 2015 using the Florida Cancer Data System (FCDS). Census‐defined places were used as proxies for neighborhoods. Using 5‐year estimates from the American Community Survey, 5 ICE variables were computed: economic (high vs low), race and/or ethnicity (non‐Hispanic white [NHW] vs non‐Hispanic black [NHB] and NHW vs Hispanic), and racialized economic segregation (low‐income NHB vs high‐income NHW and low‐income Hispanic vs high‐income NHW). Random effects frailty models were conducted.

Results

A total of 16,431 malignant EOC cases were diagnosed in Florida among women living in an assigned census‐defined place within the time period. The authors found that economic and racialized economic residential segregations influenced EOC survival more than race and/or ethnic segregation alone in both NHB and Hispanic women. NHB women continued to have an increased hazard of death compared with NHW women after controlling for multiple covariates, whereas Hispanic women were found to have either a similar or decreased hazard of death compared with NHW women in multivariable Cox models.

Conclusions

The results of the current study indicated that racial and economic residential segregation influences survival among patients with EOC. Research is needed to develop more robust segregation measures that capture the complexities of neighborhoods to fully understand the survival disparities in EOC.
The Sphere Covering Inequality and Its Dual
Authors: Gui Changfeng , Hang Fengbo , Moradifam Amir
Published: June 2020

We present a new proof of the sphere covering inequality in the spirit of comparison geometry, and as a by‐product we find another sphere covering inequality that can be viewed as the dual of the original one. We also prove sphere covering inequalities on surfaces satisfying general isoperimetric inequalities, and discuss their applications to elliptic equations with exponential nonlinearities in dimension 2. The approach in this paper extends, improves, and unifies several inequalities about solutions of elliptic equations with exponential nonlinearities. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
A model for self‐assembling circuits with voltage‐controlled growth
Authors: Deaton Russell , Garzon Max , Yasmin Rojoba , Moore Tyler
Published: June 2020

The circuit tile assembly model (cTAM) consists of a voltage source and resistive circuit tiles, configured as a voltage divider, that attach to form resistive ladders or grids if the voltage on the boundary is greater than or equal to a threshold. The model produces a family of circuits whose composition and properties change with time. As growth proceeds, the voltage decreases until it no longer exceeds a threshold, which causes growth to cease. This is referred to as self‐controlled growth, because the properties of the assembly itself are the primary determinant in controlling the extent of the assembly. The model augments tile assembly models, which are programmable through specific chemical interactions, with an alternative electrical mechanism. The ladder and grid assemblies have bounded size and unique shape that are determined by parameters from the electrical network. Using the harmonicity of the electric potential, the shape of the grid assembly is shown to be symmetric around the main diagonal. Finally, two models of growth, differentiated by whether the voltage is measured before or after attachment, are equivalent. The model and analysis have potential application to self‐assembly of nanostructures, as well as to networks whose structure changes over time.
Insect oviposition preference between Epichloë‐symbiotic and Epichloë‐free grasses does not necessarily reflect larval performance
Authors: Laihonen Miika , Saikkonen Kari , Helander Marjo , Tammaru Toomas
Published: June 2020

Variation in plant communities is likely to modulate the feeding and oviposition behavior of herbivorous insects, and plant‐associated microbes are largely ignored in this context. Here, we take into account that insects feeding on grasses commonly encounter systemic and vertically transmitted (via seeds) fungal Epichloë endophytes, which are regarded as defensive grass mutualists. Defensive mutualism is primarily attributable to alkaloids of fungal origin. To study the effects of Epichloë on insect behavior and performance, we selected wild tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and red fescue (Festuca rubra) as grass–endophyte models. The plants used either harbored the systemic endophyte (E+) or were endophyte‐free (E−). As a model herbivore, we selected the Coenonympha hero butterfly feeding on grasses as larvae. We examined both oviposition and feeding preferences of the herbivore as well as larval performance in relation to the presence of Epichloë endophytes in the plants. Our findings did not clearly support the female's oviposition preference to reflect the performance of her offspring. First, the preference responses depended greatly on the grass–endophyte symbiotum. In F. arundinacea, C. hero females preferred E+ individuals in oviposition‐choice tests, whereas in F. rubra, the endophytes may decrease exploitation, as both C. hero adults and larvae preferred E− grasses. Second, the endophytes had no effect on larval performance. Overall, F. arundinacea was an inferior host for C. hero larvae. However, the attraction of C. hero females to E+ may not be maladaptive if these plants constitute a favorable oviposition substrate for reasons other than the plants' nutritional quality. For example, rougher surface of E+ plant may physically facilitate the attachment of eggs, or the plants offer greater protection from natural enemies. Our results highlight the importance of considering the preference of herbivorous insects in studies involving the endophyte‐symbiotic grasses as host plants.
Peaks in frequency, but not relative abundance, occur in the center of tree species distributions on climate gradients
Authors: Martin Patrick H. , Canham Charles D.
Published: June 2020

The abundant‐center hypothesis posits species are most abundant in the center of their climatic range and forms a key assumption in many species distribution models. However, this hypothesis has not been rigorously evaluated in plant communities, in part because abundance as a fraction of dominance is rarely incorporated. Here, we ask whether tree species frequency and abundance peak in the center of their distributions on continental‐scale climate gradients across the Rocky Mountains and Interior West, USA. We used forest inventory data to model frequency (percentage of plots in a given climate a species occurred in) and relative abundance (percentage of basal area in plots) as a flexible function of climate for the 20 most common tree species on temperature and precipitation gradients. Frequency patterns were predominately “bell‐shaped” and centered for species in the middle of both gradients and monotonic toward the extremes. Relative abundance patterns were primarily monotonic, especially with precipitation. In the middle of the temperature gradient, however, it is notable that six dominant and widespread species had peaks in both frequency and abundance that were centered and symmetric. Only one species had this pattern with precipitation. When frequency is considered, evidence for the abundant‐center hypothesis is robust, especially in the middle portion of each gradient, and indicates patch occupancy probability generally declines away from a species' climatic optimum. For relative abundance, the hypothesis is largely refuted, particularly on the precipitation gradient. Together, these results suggest that climate's influence on patch colonization and occupancy dynamics is a fundamental filter on distribution patterns in Rocky Mountain forests, but that climate gradients are only weakly related to relative abundance and hence provide limited insight into the ecological processes that determine local dominance once a species is present in a site.
Electronic and Steric Manipulation of the Agostic Interaction in benzo[h]quinoline Complexes of Pd(II) and Implications for the Formation of η1‐Pd–C Bonds
Authors: Nielson Alastair J. , Harrison John A. , Sajjad M. Arif , Schwerdtfeger Peter
Published: June 2020

Structures and properties were obtained by density functional (DFT) calculations for the complexes [PdCl2(L)] (L = benzo[h]quinolines) containing aromatic ring agostic interactions. The inflexibility of the benzenoid rings of the ligands keep the structures of the complex relatively constant when electron withdrawing substituents are added to the aromatic ringparato the agostic carbon but electron donation causes a change to η1‐Pd–C bond complexes in which agostic donation is significantly reduced and π‐syndetic donation no longer features. Increasing the steric size at the α‐carbon through the series H, Me, CHMe2, CMe3or Ph, changes the manner in which the ligand sits in relation to the coordination plane but a change in the way the nitrogen atom of the ligand tilts in relation to the coordination plane does not effectively reduce the agostic or syndetic donations. CPh3reduces the agostic donation but not the syndetic donation and C(Ph‐2,6‐Me2)3turns both donations off and installs η2π‐donation on one aromatic ring. Placingortho‐substituents on the ring can influence the interplay of electronic and steric effects when η1‐Pd complexes are formed.
Fire performance evaluation of cladding wall assemblies using the 16‐ft high parallel panel test method of ANSI/FM 4880
Authors: Agarwal Gaurav , Wang Yi , Dorofeev Sergey
Published: June 2020

Cladding assemblies are façade systems made of cladding panels such as aluminum composite materials (ACMs) and high‐pressure laminates (HPLs), and layers of continuous insulation (CI) and weather resistive barrier (WRB). Recent incidents of catastrophic fires involving cladding assemblies have warranted efforts to understand their fire hazards and develop engineering risk mitigation guidelines for existing constructions. This research provides a comprehensive fire performance evaluation of cladding assemblies exposed to realistic fire scenarios. Twelve cladding assemblies, with a combination of four types of claddings, four types of CIs, and two WRBs are selected. The tests are conducted using the 16‐ft (4.9 m) high parallel panel test (16‐ft PPT) method of ANSI/FM 4880 standard; the method imparts realistic >100 kW/m2 heat flux to the wall assemblies. The results show that the chemical heat release rate (HRR) based evaluation criterion used in the 16‐ft PPT provides an objective and robust assessment of fire performance. The wall assemblies comprising of thermoplastic‐core ACMs demonstrated accelerated flame spread within a matter of a few minutes, regardless of the combustibility of the CI used. At low heat flux exposures, unlike severe fire scenarios of the 16‐ft PPT, it is shown that the thermoplastic‐core ACMs appear to perform favorably. The fire‐retardant ACM and HPL assemblies reveal limited flame spread, regardless of whether the CI used in the assembly was charring combustible or noncombustible. Lastly, for the assemblies evaluated, the flammability of claddings exhibits greater influence on the overall performance of the wall system, while the CI and WRB affect the system performance in a secondary manner.
Structural characterization and catalytic sterilization performance of a TiO2 nano‐photocatalyst
Authors: Yang Yue , Guan Chengli , Chen Shanyuan
Published: June 2020

In view of the food safety and hygiene issues caused by pathogenic microorganisms, tetrabutyl titanate was used as a precursor for the preparation of a TiO2 nano‐semiconductor photocatalyst via the sol–gel process. The plate count method was then adopted to investigate the photocatalytic sterilization performance of the synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles toward Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Subsequently, a backpropagation (BP) neural network model was developed to predict the photocatalytic sterilization performance. The photocatalyst was structurally characterized by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method for specific surface area determination, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicated that the prepared TiO2 nano‐photocatalyst was of high purity with a specific surface area of 76.5 m2/g and the particle size range 15–18 nm. The nanoparticles exhibited characteristic peaks corresponding to the oxide component Ti–O, hydroxyl group ˙OH and oxygen chemisorbed and presented an anatase‐dominated multiphase structure that enhanced the photocatalytic performance. UV irradiation at 254 nm produced better sterilization effects on E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans, with elimination rates after 30 min of reaction of 97.8%, 99.4%, and 93.6%, respectively. These results indicated that the TiO2 nano‐photocatalyst is a promising environmentally friendly catalyst with good sterilization performance. The constructed BP neural network also exhibited high training accuracy and good generalization ability, with correlation coefficients between the network‐predicted and experimental target values of 0.9789. These results support research on the intelligent processing of photocatalytic sterilization with TiO2 nanoparticles.
Front Cover: Wide‐field monitoring and real‐time local recording of microvascular networks on small animals with a dual‐raster‐scanned photoacoustic microscope
Authors: Yang Fei , Wang Zhiyang , Zhang Wuyu , Ma Haigang , Cheng Zhongwen , Gu Ying , Qiu Haixia , Yang Sihua
Published: June 2020

A dual‐raster‐scanned photoacoustic microscope (DRS‐PAM) was reported, which integrates a two‐dimensional motorized translation stage for large field‐of‐view imaging and a two‐axis fast galvanometer scanner for real‐time imaging. The DRS‐PAM provides a flexible transition from wide‐field monitoring the vasculature of organs to real‐time imaging of local dynamics. Further details can be found in the article by Fei Yang, Zhiyang Wang, Wuyu Zhang, et al. (e202000022).

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Inside Cover: Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost)‐based multiwavelength spatial frequency domain imaging and characterization for ex vivo human colorectal tissue assessment
Authors: Li Shuying , Zeng Yifeng , Chapman William C. , Erfanzadeh Mohsen , Nandy Sreyankar , Mutch Matthew , Zhu Quing
Published: June 2020

A multi‐wavelength Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI) utilizes structured illumination to provide absorption and reduced scattering coefficient maps of colorectal tissue. Combining SFDI with a Machine Learning algorithm ‐ AdaBoost, different types of colorectal tissues including normal, adenomatous polyp and cancer, can be differentiated with high accuracy. This new technique provides a potential method to assist in colorectal cancer screening.

Further details can be found in the article by Shuying Li, Yifeng Zeng, William C. Chapman Jr, et al. (e201960241).

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Anatomical and histological studies of the alimentary canal of adult maize leaf weevil, Tanymecusdilaticollis Gyllenhal, 1834 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Candan Selami , Özyurt Koçakoğlu Nurcan , Güllü Mustafa , Çağlar Üzeyir
Published: June 2020

In this study, ananatomical and histological study was conducted on the alimentary canal of Tanymecusdilaticollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), which is an economic polyphagous pest species, to study the relationship between the structure of the alimentary canal and the feeding habit. Therefore, the structure of the alimentary canal of T. dilaticollis was examined using light and electron microscopies. Results have shown that the alimentary canal in T. dilaticollis is consisted of three separate regions as foregut, midgut, and hindgut structurally between the mouth and the anus, which pass from head, thorax, and abdomen. The foregut consists of pharynx, esophagus, crop and proventriculus and in the crop part, expansion is seen compared to other foregut parts. Midgut of T. dilaticollis is the largest part of digestion system. The anterior region of midgut is twofolds wider than the posterior region. The posterior midgut extends tubularly and it is connected to eightgastric caeca. The hindgut of T. dilaticollis consists of fourparts as pylorus, ileum, colon, and rectum. Well‐developed muscle layers are found near the rectum and genital chamber. These results contribute to further studies on the ecology and biological control agents of Coleoptera and to provide a broad comparison of alimentary canal of Coleoptera species.
First case of focal epilepsy associated with SARS‐coronavirus‐2
Authors: Elgamasy Sara , Kamel Mohamed G. , Ghozy Sherief , Khalil Adham , Morra Mostafa E. , Islam Sheikh M. S.
Published: June 2020

A healthy patient presented to Klinikum Altmühlfranken Weißenburg Hospital, Germany, with two morning attacks of painful muscle spasm in the left upper and lower limbs, without altered consciousness. Full examinations, radiological imaging, electroencephalography, lumbar puncture, and autoimmune profile were either normal or not consistent with patient's complaint. Subsequent epileptic episodes were observed on admission day and the following days; thus, the patient was diagnosed with focal epilepsy. The patient started to develop a fever and severe cough on day 4, and SARS‐coronavirus‐2 was confirmed through a nasopharyngeal swap. She received anticonvulsants and symptomatic treatments and completely recovered. This report emphasizes the potential nervous system involvement in severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 pathogenesis.
Periodontal conditions, retinopathy, and serum markers in individuals with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Widén Cecilia , Holmer Helene , Sättlin Susanna , Renvert Stefan , Lernmark Åke , Persson G. Rutger
Published: June 2020

Background

The prevalence of diabetes is high and increasing. Periodontitis has been identified as a risk factor in both type 1 and 2 diabetes. The study purpose was to assess periodontal conditions, retinopathy, and serum glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA) titers in relation to retinopathy in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods

The study is a case series. Adult individuals with a diagnosis of T1D (n = 85) monitored ≥5 years were recruited from an endocrinology clinic. Peripheral venous blood samples were analyzed including assessments of serum HbA1c levels and GADA titers. Medical and periodontal conditions were examined, and the data assessed. Independent t tests, binary and multivariate analyses, χ2 and odds ratios were employed.

Results

Gingivitis was found in 68.2%, periodontitis in 21.2%, and retinopathy in 64.7%, GADA (≥35 U/mL) in 54.1%, and serum HbA1c > 48 mmol/mol in 94.3% of the individuals. The unadjusted odds ratio for periodontitis to differentiate a diagnosis of retinopathy was 7.3 (95%CI 1.6, 4.4, P <0.01). Multivariate analyses identified the following dependent factors to differentiate retinopathy; age, T1D duration, gingivitis, periodontitis at P < 0.001, sex, and serum GADA at P < 0.01, and by the number of remaining teeth at P < 0.05.

Conclusion

Retinopathy as a complication to T1D is linked to the duration of diabetes, age of the individual and with increasing severity to periodontitis. Periodontal intervention studies are warranted.
LEADING WITH AN ADVENTURER'S MINDSET
Authors: Posey Amy , Vallely Kevin
Published: June 2020

This article posits that leaders who embrace an adventurer's mindset will excel in their craft and beyond. It draws lessons on leadership from remarkable women and men profiled in the authors' new book, Wild Success: 7 Key Lessons Business Leaders Can Learn from Extreme Adventurers. The article is built around seven lessons drawn from these leadership examples: cognitive reappraisal: a new perspective; grit: the passion to prevail; growth mindset: sitting still means going backwards; purpose: finding your spark; innovation: big dreams and big struggles; resilience: bouncing forward; and personal sustainability: building balance. Practical tips and strategies are provided within each lesson; for instance, within cognitive reappraisal: start small + practice: first, recognize and acknowledge your emotional reaction to the setback. Within growth mindset: looking for opportunities: pivoting into new adventures can spark new growth. Within personal sustainability: fueling your energies: balancing and renewing your physical, mental, emotional, and relationship energies so you have more to give as a leader. Adventurers actively seek out challenges to test themselves and to transcend the trials of everyday life, but in undertaking those adventures they unconsciously better equip themselves to deal with those very everyday trials.
Color detection using non‐target reflectivity plastic optical fiber displacement sensor
Authors: Azri Muhammad Fadhli Muhammad , Zulkifli Mohd Zamani , Muhammad Farah Diana , Yusof Muhammad Khudori , Bahari Muhammad Syahril , Samsudin Sani Amril , Yasin Moh
Published: June 2020

A simple plastic optical fiber displacement sensor has been demonstrated as a non‐contact color detection device. The sensitivity of the sensor is 0.0228, 0.1718, 0.1122, 0.106, and 0.1267 mW/mm for black, blue, green, red, and white, respectively. The experimental results prove that as the color changes from dark to bright, the peak output power increases proportionally. The proposed sensor is highly stable and persistent, with additional advantages of practicality of design, high efficiency, comprehensive depth of field, and low cost of production, which could be beneficial for applications in the sensing field.
Stress‐controlled weakly periodic boundary conditions: Axial stress under varying orientations
Authors: Giesen Loo Erik , van der Meer Frans P.
Published: June 2020

The accuracy of multiscale modeling approaches for the analysis of heterogeneous materials hinges on the representativeness of the micromodel. One of the issues that affects this representativeness is the application of appropriate boundary conditions. Periodic boundary conditions are the most common choice. However, when localization takes place, periodic boundary conditions tend to overconstrain the microscopic problem. Weakly periodic boundary conditions have been proposed to overcome this effect. In this study, the effectiveness of weakly periodic boundary conditions in restoring transverse isotropy of representative volume elements (RVE) for a fiber‐reinforced composite with elastoplastic matrix is investigated. The formulation of weakly periodic boundary conditions is extended to allow for force‐controlled simulations where a uniaxial stress can be applied. A series of simulations is performed where the orientation of applied stress is gradually varied and the influence of this orientation on the averaged response is examined. An original method is presented to test the correlation between the ultimate principal stress and average localization angle of shear bands within an RVE. It is concluded that weakly periodic boundary conditions alleviate anisotropy in the RVE response but do not remove it.
Error estimates for the FEM approximation of optimal sparse control of elliptic equations with pointwise state constraints and finite‐dimensional control space
Authors: Merino Pedro , Nenjer Alexander
Published: June 2020

In this work, we derive an a priori error estimate of order for the finite element approximation of a sparse optimal control problem governed by an elliptic equation, which is controlled in a finite dimensional space. Furthermore, box‐constrains on the control are considered and finitely many pointwise state‐constrains are imposed on specific points in the domain. With this choice for the control space, the achieved order of approximation for the optimal control is optimal, in the sense that the order of the error for the optimal control is of the same order of the approximation for the state equation.
Mechanical andthree‐bodyabrasive wear behavior analysis of glass and basaltfiber‐reinforcedepoxy composites
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Meena Makkhan Lal , Kumar Mukesh , Patnaik Amar
Published: June 2020

This research article presents the comparative investigation of physical, mechanical, and abrasive wear behavior of chopped glass and basalt fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites. The composites were fabricated by hand lay‐up technique. The fiber (glass and basalt) was varied in the range of 10 to 40 wt.% in the composite at an interval of 10 wt.% to find out the physical (density and void content), mechanical (tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength), and steady state abrasive wear rate, respectively. The Taguchi's design of experiment method was used for designing of experimental runs having input controlling variables like sliding distance, normal load, fiber content, and abrasive size. This study clearly demonstrated that with increase the fiber content, the density and void content of both fiber (glass and basalt) reinforced composite were increased. The basalt fiber‐reinforced composites show lesser voids than glass fiber‐reinforced composites. The tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength of both composites increased with increase the fiber content whereas glass fiber‐reinforced composites show slightly lower tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength than basalt fiber‐reinforced composites. However, as far as basalt fiber‐reinforced composites show better wear resistance than glass fiber‐reinforced composites.
Risk of severe hypoglycemic events from amiodarone‐sulfonylureas interactions: A population‐based nested case‐control study
Authors: Lai Jyun‐Heng , Wang Meng‐Ting , Wu Chia‐Chao , Huang Ya‐Ling , Lu Chieh‐Hua , Liou Jun‐Ting
Published: June 2020

Purpose

To evaluate whether concomitant use of amiodarone and sulfonylureas is associated with an increased risk of serious hypoglycemia.

Methods

We conducted two nested case‐control studies by analyzing the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 2008 to 2013 among diabetic patients continuously receiving sulfonylureas. Cases were defined as patients with severe hypoglycemia and those with a composite outcome of severe hypoglycemia, altered consciousness, and fall‐related fracture in the first and second study, respectively. In both studies, each case was individually matched up to 10 randomly‐selected controls. Conditional logistic regressions were employed to estimate odds ratios (ORs).

Results

We identified 1343 cases and 11 597 controls as well as 2848 cases of composite events and 24 808 controls among 46 317 sulfonylurea users. Concurrent use of amiodarone with sulfonylureas was associated with a 1.56‐fold (95% CI: 0.98‐2.46) increased risk of severe hypoglycemia, despite not statistically significant. Notably, an approximately 2‐fold increased risk of severe hypoglycemia was observed with amiodarone therapy lasting for >180 days (adjusted OR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.01‐4.30) or at a daily dose greater than 1 defined daily dose (adjusted OR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.25‐3.91) when concurrently administrating sulfonylureas. A significantly increased risk of hypoglycemia‐related composite events was also found with amiodarone concurrently used with sulfonylureas (adjusted OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.13‐2.24).

Conclusions

Concurrent use of amiodarone and sulfonylureas is associated with an increased risk of serious hypoglycemia among diabetic patients, with an elevated risk for amiodarone used in a long‐term or at a high daily dose.
Registration of Albino‐Virescent Leaf peanut genetic stock
Authors: Brown Nino , Branch William D.
Published: June 2020

Recently, an Albino‐Virescent Leaf peanut plant (Reg. no. GS‐10, PI 693218) (Arachis hypogaea L.) was identified in an F10 advanced breeding line, GA 082524, at the University of Georgia, Gibbs Research Farm in Tifton, GA. GA 082524 was the result of a three‐way cross between ‘Georgia‐02C’ × (‘Georgia‐01R’ × ‘COAN’). Similar to GA 082524, the Albino‐Virescent Leaf peanut genetic stock has high‐oleic acid concentration, as well as root‐knot nematode resistance. The Albino‐Virescent Leaf mutant is essentially albino upon emergence; then following a short lag period, chlorophyll gradually accumulates in older leaves, with new leaves emerging deficient of chlorophyll. Eventually, as the plant matures and new leaves are no longer added, the plant appears entirely green and is indistinguishable from a normal green plant. The mutation is controlled by a recessive mutation at a single locus, designated avl, with phenotypic segregation following a 3 normal:1 Albino‐Virescent Leaf pattern (p = .95) when crossed to a normal green genotype. The Albino‐Virescent Leaf mutant described here represents a presumably unique spontaneous mutation that has not been released previously to the public.
The penetration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species across the stratum corneum
Authors: Duan Jiangwei , Ma Mingyu , Yusupov Maksudbek , Cordeiro Rodrigo M. , Lu Xinpei , Bogaerts Annemie
Published: June 2020

The penetration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) across the stratum corneum (SC) is a necessary and crucial process in many skin‐related plasma medical applications. To gain more insights into this penetration behavior, we combined experimental measurements of the permeability of dry and moist SC layers with computer simulations of model lipid membranes. We measured the permeation of relatively stable molecules, which are typically generated by plasma, namely H2O2, NO3−, and NO2−. Furthermore, we calculated the permeation free energy profiles of the major plasma‐generated RONS and their derivatives (i.e., H2O2, OH, HO2, O2, O3, NO, NO2, N2O4, HNO2, HNO3, NO2−, and NO3−) across native and oxidized SC lipid bilayers, to understand the mechanisms of RONS permeation across the SC. Our results indicate that hydrophobic RONS (i.e., NO, NO2, O2, O3, and N2O4) can translocate more easily across the SC lipid bilayer than hydrophilic RONS (i.e., H2O2, OH, HO2, HNO2, and HNO3) and ions (i.e., NO2− and NO3−) that experience much higher permeation barriers. The permeability of RONS through the SC skin lipids is enhanced when the skin is moist and the lipids are oxidized. These findings may help to understand the underlying mechanisms of plasma interaction with a biomaterial and to optimize the environmental parameters in practice in plasma medical applications.
Overview: The history and pediatric perspectives of severe acute respiratory syndromes: Novel or just like SARS
Authors: Hon Kam Lun , Leung Karen Ka Yan , Leung Alexander K. C. , Sridhar Siddharth , Qian Suyun , Lee So Lun , Colin Andrew A.
Published: June 2020

Many respiratory viral infections such as influenza and measles result in severe acute respiratory symptoms and epidemics. In the spring of 2003, an epidemic of coronavirus pneumonia spread from Guangzhou to Hong Kong and subsequently to the rest of the world. The WHO coined the acronym SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and subsequently the causative virus as SARS‐CoV. In the summer of 2012, epidemic of pneumonia occurred again in Saudi Arabia which was subsequently found to be caused by another novel coronavirus. WHO coined the term MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) to denote the Middle East origin of the novel virus (MERS‐CoV). In the winter of 2019, another outbreak of pneumonia occurred in Wuhan, China which rapidly spread globally. Yet another novel coronavirus was identified as the culprit and has been named SARS‐CoV‐2 due to its similarities with SARS‐CoV, and the disease as coronavirus disease‐2019. This overview aims to compare and contrast the similarities and differences of these three major episodes of coronavirus outbreak, and conclude that they are essentially the same viral respiratory syndromes caused by similar strains of coronavirus with different names. Coronaviruses have caused major epidemics and outbreaks worldwide in the last two decades. From an epidemiological perspective, they are remarkably similar in the mode of spread by droplets. Special focus is placed on the pediatric aspects, which carry less morbidity and mortality in all three entities.
Design, modeling, and control of an aerial manipulator for placement and retrieval of sensors in the environment
Authors: Hamaza Salua , Georgilas Ioannis , Heredia Guillermo , Ollero Aníbal , Richardson Thomas
Published: June 2020

On‐site inspection of large‐scale infrastructure often involves high risks for the operators and high insurance costs. Despite several safety measures already in place to avoid accidents, an increasing concern has brought the need to remotely monitor hard‐to‐reach locations, for which the use of aerial robots able to interact with the environment has arisen. In this paper a novel approach to aerial manipulation is presented, where a compact manipulator with a single degree‐of‐freedom is tailored for the placement and retrieval of sensors in the environment. The proposed design integrates on‐board sensing, a high‐performance force controller on the manipulator, and a thrust‐to‐force mapping on the flight controller. Experimental results demonstrate the high reliability achieved during both placement and retrieval tasks on flat surfaces (e.g., a bridge wall) and cylindrical surfaces (e.g., tree trunks). A total number of 89 flight experiments were carried out to demonstrate the robustness and potential of the compact, bespoke aerial design.
Synthesis of Sr1+2xLa1‐2xFe1‐xNbxO4 (x=0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) by Sol‐gel Method: Structural, Magnetic, and Dielectric Properties
Authors: Kurnia Arif , Emriadi  , Mufti Nandang , Zulhadjri
Published: June 2020

One – layered Ruddlesden‐Popper phase Sr1+2xLa1‐2xFe1‐xNbxO4 doped with niobium was synthesized using a sol‐gel method for various Nb concentrations (x=0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5). Single‐phase samples could be observed with x=0 and 0.1, while x=0.3 and 0.5 contain additional phases. Microstructure results showed that the increase of niobium content corresponded to a decrease in the grain size of the samples. The magnetic measurements indicated that antiferromagnetic interactions of doped samples had decreased. The dielectric constant of the samples decreased as x increased due to the increase in conductivity. The origin of conduction in the samples might be caused by hopping conduction due to the mixed oxidation states of iron with charge +3 and +4.
Evaluation of the Inhibitory Activities of COVID‐19 ofMelaleuca cajuputiOil Using Docking Simulation
Authors: My Tran Thi Ai , Loan Huynh Thi Phuong , Hai Nguyen Thi Thanh , Hieu Le Trung , Hoa Tran Thai , Thuy Bui Thi Phuong , Quang Duong Tuan , Triet Nguyen Thanh , Anh Tran Thi Van , Dieu Nguyen Thi Xuan , Trung Nguyen Tien , Hue Nguyen Van , Tat Pham Van , Tung Vo Thanh , Nhung Nguyen Thi Ai
Published: June 2020

GC‐MS was applied to identify 24 main substances inMelaleuca cajuputiessential oil (TA) extracted from fresh cajeput leaves through steam distilling. The inhibitory capability of active compounds in theTAfrom Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam over the Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein in human body ‐ the host receptor for SARS‐CoV‐2 and the main protease (PDB6LU7) of the SARS‐CoV‐2 using docking simulation has been studied herein. The results indicate that the ACE2 and PDB6LU7 proteins were strongly inhibited by 10 out of 24 compounds accounting for 70.9% in theTA. The most powerful anticoronavirus activity is expressed in the order: Terpineol (TA2) ≈ Guaiol (TA5) ≈ Linalool (TA19) > Cineol (TA1) > β‐Selinenol (TA3) > α‐Eudesmol (TA4) > γ‐Eudesmol (TA7). Interestingly, the synergistic interactions of these 10 substances of theTAexhibit excellent inhibition into the ACE2 and PDB6LU7 proteins. The docking results orient that the naturalMelaleuca cajuputiessential oil is considered as a valuable resource for preventing SARS‐CoV‐2 invasion into human body.