bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Operacionalização da metodologia Kaizen a fim de otimizar o desempenho organizacional: um enfoque na gestão de processos em uma indústria eletrônica
Authors: Godoy Roberta Fernanda , Munhoz Igor Polezi , De Oliveira Gabriel Gomes , Rosa Maria Thereza de Moraes Gomes , De Gouvêa Míriam Tvrzská , Akkari Alessandra Cristina Santos
Published: February 2023

Devido ao ambiente altamente dinâmico e competitivo em que estão inseridas, as organizações são conduzidas a repensar processos e estratégias, prezando pela melhoria contínua sob diferentes perspectivas. Esse artigo objetivou aplicar e diagnosticar o potencial de um modelo de melhoria em uma linha de embalagem de uma empresa de manufatura de eletrônicos, empregando a metodologia Kaizen. Para tanto, por meio de um estudo exploratório e descritivo, de natureza aplicada e abordagem de estudo de caso único, desenvolveu-se o mapeamento de processos e layout, identificando sete ofensores que foram tratados individualmente. A partir da mudança de arranjo físico, aumento de 25% na produtividade, redução de 55,4% do tempo ocioso e diminuição de 88% nas falhas e retrabalhos, o modelo proposto apresentou-se como uma alternativa para otimização de processos produtivos. Esse artigo contribui com uma proposta de sistematização e operacionalização do conceito de melhoria contínua a fim de aprimorar os indicadores de uma organização.
Valorization of Lignin Based Nanoparticle from Grass Biomass: An Overview on Synthesis, Characterization and Application
Authors: Behera Sandesh , Chandra Behera Bikash , Thatoi Hrudayanath
Published: February 2023

The Lignin-related nanomaterials have received a lot of attention from the academic and industry communities in the present nanotechnology research area. Advanced performance can be provided by converting lignin into micro and nanostructures, which may be formed using practical standard apparatus. To improve the functionality of the applications, tunable lignin nanoparticles may also be produced. Because lignin contains a variety of chemical moieties and has a unique network structure, it has useful qualities such UV absorbance, biodegradability, stabilizing and reinforcing effects, as well as anti-fungal and antibiotic action. Thus, the nanoscale transformation of lignin and its translation into nanomaterials might definitely open up new possibilities for the development of novel materials with intriguing features.
Growth Performance and Hematological Characteristics of Wistar Rats Fed Diets Formulated from Three Species of Mollusks (Limicolaria flammea, Viviparus contectus and Egeria radiata) from Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
Authors: Felagha I. , Amadi B. A. , Monanu M. O. , Godwin S. O.
Published: February 2023

Aim: The present study investigated the performance characteristics and hematological parameters of Wistar rats fed diets formulated from three species of mollusks (Limicolaria flammea, Viviparus contectus and Egeria radiata).

Study Design: Twenty-five Wistar rats (negative control, positive control, 3 experimental groups) were used in the 28-days feeding experiment and administered diets as follows: T1-Basal, T2-CerelacTM (Nestle Foods Nigeria Plc), T3- L. flammea, T4- V. contectus and T5- E. radiata.

Methodology: Proximate composition of diets and faecal and carcass nitrogen were determined by standard methods while hematological analysis was done using Mindray PC-10 Auto Hematology Analyzer.

Results: Crude protein composition of the experimental diets ranged from 6.74±0.03% to 19.58±0.02% in T1 and T5 respectively. T2, T3, T4 and T5 animals had significant weight gain except T1. T3, T4 and T5 had higher total feed consumed values compared to T2. There was no significant difference in feed conversion ratio (FCR) between T2 and experimental diets (T3, T4, T5). T1 had a negative feed conversion ratio (FCR) (-0.03±0.002) and hence significantly lower (p<0.05) than T2, T3, T4 and T5. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) was lowest in T5 and highest in cerelac group; Protein efficiency ratio (PER) of T2 was significantly higher (p<.05) than other groups while T1 was significantly lower (p<.05) than other groups. True digestibility (TD) in T4 was higher than other experimental groups (T1, T2, T3, T5). Biological value (BV) showed the following trend: T5<T3<T40.05) in the relative organ weights of the heart, kidney and spleen of rats in this study. Except for T3, all other diets boosted packed cell volume (PCV) levels higher than controls (T1 and T2).  T4 animals had higher values for packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cells (WBC) and lower values for monocytes and neutrophils when compared to T1 and T2.

Conclusion: The formulated diets thus showed good potential to maintain health (except T3 which showed significant harmful effects on hematological parameters) hence their consumption (after proper cooking) is thus encouraged.
Effect of Combined Application of Non–Nano and Nano Fertilizers on the Growth, Yield and Oil Content of Sunflower under Semi-arid Conditions
Authors: Vadlamudi Jyothi Swaroopa , Anitha S. , Sawargaonkar Gajanan L. , Prameela P.
Published: February 2023

Field experiment was conducted at International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad during early summer season in 2021 and 2022 to study the “Effect of integrated use of Nano and Non–Nano fertilizers on the growth and yield of sunflower under semi-arid conditions”. The experiment was carried out using randomized block design with 3 replications and comprised of 12 treatments. The averages of all study indicators were compared according to L.S.D test at a probability level of 0.05. Results revealed that application of conventional fertilizers as per recommended dose (75:90:30 kg/ha) along with foliar application of nano (19:19:19) N P K at 0.2% at 30 DAS and 60 DAS + nano boron at 0.2 % at ray floret opening stage (T7) recorded highest plant height (195,197 and196 cm), number of leaves (27.43, 28.12 and 27.78),  leaf area (7632, 7665 and 7649 cm2 plant-1), leaf area index (LAI) (4.24 4.25 and 4.25), and dry matter production (98.96, 97.64 and 98.30 g/plant) at 90 DAS in both the years and on mean basis. However, treatment T7 was statistically on par with the treatment T9 - Conventional fertilizers 50% as per recommended dose + nano (19:19:19) N P K at 0.2% as foliar spray at 30 DAS and 60 DAS and nano boron at ray floret opening stage. Seed yield (1961,1915 and 1938 kg/ha), stalk yield (4193, 3918 and 4055 kg/ha) were also significantly influenced during both the years respectively with the treatment (T7) was statistically on par with the treatment T9. Lowest seed yield (758, 710 and 734 kg/ ha) and stalk yield (1684, 1702 and 1693 kg/ ha) and oil content (40.73 %, 39.67% & 40.20) was recorded with the control in both the years and on mean basis.
Long-term Outcomes After Rituximab Treatment for Patients With Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Kuzumi Ai , Ebata Satoshi , Fukasawa Takemichi , Matsuda Kazuki M. , Kotani Hirohito , Yoshizaki-Ogawa Asako , Sato Shinichi , Yoshizaki Ayumi
Published: February 2023

Importance

Rituximab is emerging as a promising therapeutic option for systemic sclerosis (SSc), but its long-term outcomes and response markers are unknown.

Objective

To evaluate the long-term outcomes after rituximab treatment for SSc and identify potential response markers.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this single-center cohort study, patients with SSc who continued to receive rituximab after the DESIRES trial were analyzed with a median follow-up of 96 weeks. Among the 43 patients who completed the DESIRES trial, 31 continued to receive rituximab, of which 29 with complete data were included in this study.

Exposures

Rituximab treatment.

Main Outcomes and Measures

A post hoc analysis of the clinical and laboratory data.

Results

In 29 patients with SSc (27 female [93%]; median [IQR] age, 48 [35-45] years), significant improvement in modified Rodnan skin score (MRSS) and percentage of predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%) were observed after 1 (median [IQR] change in MRSS, −7 [−8.5 to −4]; P < .001) and 3 (median [IQR] change in FVC% predicted, 1.85 [0.13-5.68]; P < .001) courses of rituximab, respectively, both of which were sustained during follow-up. High responders (MRSS improvement of ≥9; n = 16) experienced a greater decrease in serum levels of IgG (median [IQR] change in IgG, −125 [−207 to −83] vs 7 [−120 to 43]; P = .008) and IgA (median [IQR] change in IgA, −45 [−96 to −32] vs −11 [−20 to 3]; P < .001) compared with low responders (MRSS improvement of ≤8; n = 13). In particular, decrease in serum IgA levels significantly correlated with the improvement in MRSS (r = 0.64; P < .001). At the last follow-up, low IgM, low IgA, and low IgG was observed in 7, 1, and 1 patient, respectively, of which low IgM was associated with greater improvement in FVC% predicted (median [IQR] change in FVC% predicted, 7.2 [3.8-8.9] vs 3.6 [1.4-6.2]; P = .003).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, rituximab treatment was associated with significantly improved skin and lung fibrosis in SSc in a long-term follow-up. Decrease in serum immunoglobulins was associated with greater clinical response.
Dermatologic Care for Displaced Persons—Key Considerations and Approaches
Authors: Choi Soo Hyun , Wanat Karolyn A. , Knapp Alexia
Published: February 2023

This Viewpoint discusses actionable approaches in providing dermatologic care for displaced persons.
Hospitalization Associated With Comorbid Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders Among Adults With COVID-19 Treated in US Emergency Departments From April 2020 to August 2021
Authors: Schieber Lyna Z. , Dunphy Christopher , Schieber Richard A. , Lopes-Cardozo Barbara , Moonesinghe Ramal , Guy Gery P.
Published: February 2023

Importance

During the COVID-19 pandemic, US emergency department (ED) visits for psychiatric disorders (PDs) and drug overdoses increased. Psychiatric disorders and substance use disorders (SUDs) independently increased the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization, yet their effect together is unknown.

Objective

To assess how comorbid PD and SUD are associated with the probability of hospitalization among ED patients with COVID-19.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed discharge data for adults (age ≥18 years) with a COVID-19 diagnosis treated in 970 EDs and inpatient hospitals in the United States from April 2020 to August 2021.

Exposures

Any past diagnosis of (1) SUD from opioids, stimulants, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, sedatives, or other substances and/or (2) PD, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, bipolar disorder, major depression, other mood disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or schizophrenia.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was any hospitalization. Differences in probability of hospitalization were calculated to assess its association with both PD and SUD compared with PD alone, SUD alone, or neither condition.

Results

Of 1 274 219 ED patients with COVID-19 (mean [SD] age, 54.6 [19.1] years; 667 638 women [52.4%]), 18.6% had a PD (mean age, 59.0 years; 37.7% men), 4.6% had a SUD (mean age, 50.1 years; 61.7% men), and 2.3% had both (mean age, 50.4 years; 53.1% men). The most common PDs were anxiety (12.9%), major depression (9.8%), poly (≥2) PDs (6.4%), and schizophrenia (1.4%). The most common SUDs involved alcohol (2.1%), cannabis (1.3%), opioids (1.0%), and poly (≥2) SUDs (0.9%). Prevalence of SUD among patients with PTSD, schizophrenia, other mood disorder, or ADHD each exceeded 21%. Based on significant specific PD-SUD pairs (Q < .05), probability of hospitalization of those with both PD and SUD was higher than those with (1) neither condition by a weighted mean of 20 percentage points (range, 6 to 36; IQR, 16 to 25); (2) PD alone by 12 percentage points (range, −4 to 31; IQR, 8 to 16); and (3) SUD alone by 4 percentage points (range, −7 to 15; IQR, −2 to 7). Associations varied by types of PD and SUD. Substance use disorder was a stronger predictor of hospitalization than PD.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found that patients with both PD and SUD had a greater probability of hospitalization, compared with those with either disorder alone or neither disorder. Substance use disorders appear to have a greater association than PDs with the probability of hospitalization. Overlooking possible coexisting PD and SUD in ED patients with COVID-19 can underestimate the likelihood of hospitalization. Screening and assessment of both conditions are needed.
Comparing Kidney Transplant Rates and Outcomes Among Adults With and Without Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Hand Brittany N. , Hyer J. Madison , Schenk Austin , Coyne Alex , Gilmore Daniel , Wang Lauren , Ejaz Aslam
Published: February 2023

Importance

Improving equity in organ transplant access for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) is a topic of social discourse in mainstream media, state legislation, and national legislation. However, few studies have compared evaluation rates, transplant rates, and outcomes among adults with and without IDD.

Objective

To compare rates of kidney transplant and transplant-specific outcomes between propensity–score matched groups of adults with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD [also referred to as end-stage renal disease (ESRD)]) with and without co-occurring IDD.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study included all Medicare inpatient and outpatient standard analytical files from 2013 through 2020. A total of 1 413 655 adult Medicare beneficiaries with ESKD were identified. Propensity–score matching was used to balance cohorts based on age, sex, race, follow-up duration, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. The matched cohorts consisted of 21 384 adults with ESKD (10 692 of whom had IDD) and 1258 kidney transplant recipients (629 of whom had IDD). Data were analyzed between June 1, 2022, and August 1, 2022.

Exposure

IDD.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Evaluation for kidney transplant, receipt of kidney transplant, perioperative complications, readmission, mortality, graft rejection, and graft failure.

Results

Of the 21 384 propensity–score matched adults with ESKD, the median (IQR) age was 55 (43-65) years, 39.2% were male, 27.4% were Black, 64.1% were White, and 8.5% identified as another race or ethnicity. After propensity score matching within the ESKD cohort, 633 patients with IDD (5.9%) received a kidney transplant compared with 1367 of adults without IDD (12.8%). Adults with IDD were 54% less likely than matched peers without IDD to be evaluated for transplant (odds ratio, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.43-0.50) and 62% less likely to receive a kidney transplant (odds ratio, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.34-0.42). Among matched cohorts of kidney transplant recipients, rates of perioperative complications, readmission, and graft failure were similar for adults with and without IDD.

Conclusions and Relevance

Using the largest cohort of adult kidney transplant recipients with IDD to date, the study team found that rates of evaluation and transplant were lower despite yielding equivalent outcomes. These data support consideration of adults with IDD for kidney transplant and underscore the urgent need for antidiscrimination initiatives to promote the receipt of equitable care for this population.
Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Brown Zachary J. , Tsilimigras Diamantis I. , Ruff Samantha M. , Mohseni Alireza , Kamel Ihab R. , Cloyd Jordan M. , Pawlik Timothy M.
Published: February 2023

Importance

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common malignancy and fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Recent advances in systemic and locoregional therapies have led to changes in many guidelines regarding systemic therapy, as well as the possibility to downstage patients to undergo resection. This review examines the advances in surgical and medical therapies relative to multidisciplinary treatment strategies for HCC.

Observations

HCC is a major health problem worldwide. The obesity epidemic has made nonalcoholic fatty liver disease a major risk factor for the development of HCC. Multiple societies, such as the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, the European Association for the Study of the Liver, the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver, and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, provide guidelines for screening at-risk patients, as well as define staging systems to guide optimal treatment strategies. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system is widely accepted and has recently undergone updates with the introduction of new systemic therapies and stage migration.

Conclusions and Relevance

The treatment of patients with HCC should involve a multidisciplinary approach with collaboration among surgeons, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, and interventional radiologists to provide optimal care. Treatment paradigms must consider both tumor and patient-related factors such as extent of liver disease, which is a main driver of morbidity and mortality. The advent of more effective systemic and locoregional therapies has prolonged survival among patients with advanced disease and allowed some patients to undergo surgical intervention who would otherwise have disease considered unresectable.
Transformative learning: An emotional (r)evolution
Authors: Carter Patricia L. , Nicolaides Aliki
Published: February 2023

This update to Mezirow's Transformative Learning theory seeks to advance Mälkki's enhancement to the emotional dimension in phase one—the disorienting dilemma—by proposing the need for a complete grief process (as theorized by Kübler‐Ross), to support movement from Mälkki's conceptualization of “edge‐emotions” to a “comfort zone,” thus removing a barrier to a successful transition to phase two and three—self‐reflection and critical reflection—the latter considered essential to the transformative learning process. The authors also seek to stimulate new thinking about this topic in the literature; catalyze future empirical studies focusing on barriers, microprocesses, and phasic transitions of Mezirow's theory; and identify adaptive strategies to facilitate the transformative learning process.
Emerging insights in transformative learning
Authors: Baldwin Cheryl K.
Published: February 2023

This article describes four emerging theoretical approaches in transformative learning (TL). Elaborations of existing theories, descriptions of new theories, and analyses of TL processes are reviewed. Implications for understanding key TL concepts of experience, reflection, dialogue, disorientation, self, agency, autonomy, and time are discussed highlighting implications for practice.
Assessing transformative learning in international education: Critiques and new directions based on a systematic review of literature
Authors: Pang Guanglong , Cox Robert C. , Acheson Kris
Published: February 2023

Using a bibliographic approach that employs a systematic literature review, this paper analyzes the state of the field for assessing transformative learning (TL). Assessing TL has always been challenging. Using the field of international education (IE) as a case study, this article leverages findings from the assessment of TL in IE to illustrate overall strengths and limitations of TL assessment instruments and techniques within the larger arc of TL theory. The field of IE exemplifies the challenges of TL assessment generally. This article reinforces distinctions between TL and “good learning,” recommends better alignment between scholarship and the needs of institutional administrators, considers current uses and limitations of instruments grounded in cognitive approaches, and concludes with new directions possible through the inclusion of extra‐rational perspectives in the assessment of TL.
A many‐splendored thing? Transformative learning for social justice
Authors: Finnegan Fergal
Published: February 2023

This article critically reviews literature dealing with transformative learning and social justice. Based on a review of literature from major journals and conference proceedings concerned with transformative learning it offers an assessment of the significance of social justice research in the wider field. It describes how social justice is envisaged and approached theoretically, methodologically, and thematically in the reviewed publications. The article also critically assesses the strengths and limitations of research on this topic and offers some suggestions on how research on this topic might be advanced in the future.
Event‐triggered quantized‐output state estimation for discrete singular Markovian jump systems
Authors: Zhang Yingqi , Wang Xiaoyu , Basin Michael V. , Yan Jingjing
Published: February 2023

This article concentrates on the event‐triggered (ET) quantized‐output state estimation of discrete‐time singular Markovian jump network systems (DSJNSs) with the disturbance input and interval time‐varying delays. Initially, an augmented DSJNS model with network‐induced delay is established by utilizing the quantized control and ET communication strategies. Then, based on the free‐weighing matrix and stochastic analysis approaches, sufficient conditions are obtained such that a delayed DSJNS is stochastically admissible. Using separation matrix variables, ET quantized state estimators and ET gain matrix parameters are co‐designed to ensure the stochastic admissibility of the DSJNS. Additionally, an electrical circuit example is given to verify the feasibility of the proposed technique.
High‐Stress Abrasive Wear Analysis of in Situ TiC‐Reinforced Zinc–Aluminum Composites Using Integrated Taguchi–TOPSIS Method
Authors: Khan Mohammad Mohsin , Nisar Mehak , Hajam Mohammad Irfan
Published: February 2023

This study involves the preparation of in situ TiC‐reinforced zinc–aluminum alloy (ZA‐37) composites and analysis of their high‐stress abrasive wear behavior. The wear rate, friction coefficient, and frictional heating of the composites are investigated using a pin‐on‐disk wear tester. The experiments are carried out based on a plan created using Taguchi's technique. TOPSIS methodologies are used to determine the effects of applied load, abrasion distances, TiC contents on wear rate, coefficient of friction, and frictional heating throughout the wearing process. The results reveal that the composite with 10 wt% TiC exhibits the highest level of wear resistance among all samples. It is found that ploughing, microcutting, and delamination were the dominant wear mechanisms in general. However, in the optimum combination, mild abrasion and microploughing prevail. As per TOPSIS analysis, the reinforcement content affects the wear rate of test materials the most followed by applied load and abrading distance. Under the optimal combination of parameters, the in situ TiC composite has the potential of replacing the conventional gray cast iron utilized in bearing applications.
Machine Learning for Perovskite Solar Cells and Component Materials: Key Technologies and Prospects
Authors: Liu Yiming , Tan Xinyu , Liang Jie , Han Hongwei , Xiang Peng , Yan Wensheng
Published: February 2023

Data‐driven epoch, the development of machine learning (ML) in materials and device design is an irreversible trend. Its ability and efficiency to handle nonlinear and game‐playing problems is unmatched by traditional simulation computing software and trial‐error experiments. Perovskite solar cells are complex physicochemical devices (systems) that consist of perovskite materials, transport layer materials, and electrodes. Predicting the physicochemical properties and screening the component materials related to perovskite solar cells is the strong point of ML. However, the applications of ML in perovskite solar cells and component materials has only begun to boom in the last two years, so it is necessary to provide a review of the involved ML technologies, the application status, the facing urgent challenges and the development blueprint.
Modified Solid Electrolyte Interphases with Alkali Chloride Additives for Aluminum–Sulfur Batteries with Enhanced Cyclability
Authors: Xu Cheng , Diemant Thomas , Liu Xu , Passerini Stefano
Published: February 2023

Aluminum–sulfur batteries employing high‐capacity and low‐cost electrode materials, as well as non‐flammable electrolytes, are promising energy storage devices. However, the fast capacity fading due to the shuttle effect of polysulfides limits their further application. Herein, alkaline chlorides, for example, LiCl, NaCl, and KCl are proposed as electrolyte additives for promoting the cyclability of aluminum–sulfur batteries. Using NaCl as a model additive, it is demonstrated that its addition leads to the formation of a thicker, NaxAlyO2‐containing solid electrolyte interphase on the aluminum metal anode (AMA) reducing the deposition of polysulfides. As a result, a specific discharge capacity of 473 mAh g−1 is delivered in an aluminum–sulfur battery with NaCl‐containing electrolyte after 50 dis‐/charge cycles at 100 mA g−1. In contrast, the additive‐free electrolyte only leads to a specific capacity of 313 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles under the same conditions. A similar result is also observed with LiCl and KCl additives. When a KCl‐containing electrolyte is employed, the capacity increases to 496 mA h g−1 can be achieved after 100 cycles at 50 mA g−1. The proposed additive strategy and the insight into the solid electrolyte interphase are beneficial for the further development of long‐life aluminum–sulfur batteries.
Surface Modification Strategy Synthesized CsPbX3 Perovskite Quantum Dots with Excellent Stability and Optical Properties in Water
Authors: Song Shuo , Lv Yuchen , Cao Bingqiang , Wang Wenzhi
Published: February 2023

The poor stability of CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) in polar solvents such as water, seriously hinders their practical application. Herein, 5‐Bromovaleric acid (BVA) is used to replace oleic acid (OA), the most common surface ligand in CsPbX3 PQDs synthesis. Under the synergic action of oleylamine (OLA), CsPbX3 PQDs with high water stability can be synthesized directly in water. Because the carboxyl ligands provided by BVA, and the long chain amines provided by OLA formed hydrophobic shells on the surface of CsPbBr3 PQDs, the obtained CsPbBr3 PQDs still has high luminescence intensity and photoluminescence quantum yield after being dispersed in water for several days, and the luminescence peak is always maintained at 518 nm. In contrast, the luminescence intensity of CsPbBr3 PQDs synthesized with OA and OLA is <1% of the initial intensity after only 30 min. CsPbCl3 and CsPbI3 PQDs synthesized directly in water by this method also show high water stability. In this study, for the first time the synthesis method of CsPbX3 PQDs with high water stability using BVA/OLA as surface ligands is proposed, which provides an effective way to explore the synthesis of PQDs that can maintain stability in water.
Hydrogen‐Bond Regulation of the Microenvironment of Ni(II)‐Porphyrin Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Chen Shengtao , Zhang Yuexing , Li Renjie , Zhao Bing , Peng Tianyou
Published: February 2023

Accurately regulating the microenvironment around active sites is an important approach for boosting the overall water splitting performance of bifunctional electrocatalysts, which can drive both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the same electrolyte. Herein, pseudo‐pyridine‐substituted Ni(II)‐porphyrins (o‐NiTPyP, m‐NiTPyP, and p‐NiTPyP) with pseudo‐pyridine N‐atoms located at the ortho‐, meta‐, or para‐position are prepared and used as model catalysts for alkaline water splitting. Experimental and theoretical results reveal that the pseudo‐pyridine N‐atom positions can regulate the microenvironment around the active sites and the adsorption free energy of H‐donating substances by affecting the H‐bonding interaction and the NNiN bond angles of active sites, and thus those pseudo‐pyridine‐substituted Ni(II)‐porphyrins deliver better electrocatalytic activity than the Ni(II)‐tetraphenylporphyrin (NiTPP) without pseudo‐pyridine N‐atoms. Among them, m‐NiTPyP on carbon nanotubes delivers the lowest overpotentials of 267 and 138 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for the OER and HER, respectively. Specifically, m‐NiTPyP as bifunctional electrocatalyst in an alkaline electrolyzer requires only 1.62 V to drive efficient overall water splitting at 10 mA cm−2 while remaining durable. This work proposes a new H‐bond‐regulating approach of the microenvironment of electrocatalysts for effectively boosting the overall water splitting activity and deeply understanding its related mechanism.
Self‐Delivery O2‐Ecomonizer to Reverse Antiapoptosis of Hypoxic Tumor for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Li Yan‐Mei , Zhou Xiang , Li Xin‐Yu , Huang Jia‐Qi , Qiu Zi‐Wen , Kong Ren‐Jiang , Yan Ni , Li Shi‐Ying , Cheng Hong
Published: February 2023

Oxygen‐dependent photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds unique advantages on tumor treatment by inducing cell apoptosis, but it is often limited owing to the unfavorable tumor microenvironments. In this study, a self‐delivery O2‐ecomonizer (designated as CeTam) is prepared to relieve hypoxia and reverse antiapoptotic pathway for enhanced photodynamic tumor therapy. Based on Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and Tamoxifen (Tam), CeTam is assembled through intermolecular hydrophobic interaction without any vehicles. Nanosized CeTam has an enhanced stability and improved drug delivery efficiency, which prefers to accumulate at tumor tissue for effective cellular uptake. More importantly, CeTam can effectively inhibit mitochondrial respiration to relieve hypoxia and reduce Bcl‐2 expression to reverse antiapoptotic pathway. As a result, this self‐delivery O2‐ecomonizer successfully regulates the unfavorable tumor microenvironments to enhance the PDT efficacy on tumor elimination. Taken together, this work reports a multifunctional nanoplatform by a simple self‐assembly strategy to remedy the deficiencies of PDT on hypoxic tumor treatment, which can advance the development of individualized biomedicine for precise tumor therapy.
Proton Irradiation Effects on the Pyroelectric Properties of P‐Type Bismuth Antimonide/Poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene) Composite Films
Authors: Cai Chuanyang , Zhang Hong , Li Bo , Han Zhijia , Wang Fang , Hou Pengfei , Liu Weishu
Published: February 2023

Organic pyroelectric materials are widely applied as temperature sensors in wearable electronic devices due to their good biocompatibility and stability. Real‐time monitoring of the physiological state of the human body requires pyroelectric materials with a fast response time and large output voltage. In this study, the pyroelectric characteristics of poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF–TrFE)) films are improved with the use of commercial inorganic P‐type bismuth antimonide (P‐Bi2Te3) fillers. Composite films with 0.2 wt% P‐Bi2Te3 increase the pyroelectric response time and voltage by improving the thermal diffusivity and enhancing the β‐phase content, respectively. Proton irradiation results in further improvement of the pyroelectric response time from 22 to 0.5 s. The proton irradiation‐induced ionization energy loss improves the conductivity of the composite films, thereby enhancing the pyroelectric response time. These results show that P‐Bi2Te3 doping is beneficial for improving the pyroelectric properties of P(VDF–TrFE) and that proton irradiation is an effective method for further improving the response time of inorganic–organic composite films.
Implementing Boolean Logic in Ferroelectric Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Tan Yung‐Fang , Chang Kai‐Chun , Tsai Tsung‐Ming , Chang Ting‐Chang , Chen Wen‐Chung , Yeh Yu‐Hsuan , Wu Chung‐Wei , Lin Chao‐Cheng , Sze Simon M.
Published: February 2023

A method of using non‐volatile and fast ferroelectric field‐effect transistor (FeFET) devices to realize Boolean logic is proposed. First, the internal states are initialized. Then, the gate and body function as input terminals, which are used to write the states of the device, based on the voltage. Finally, the output signals can be easily read through the drain current. Of the 10 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard logic gates, eight can be implemented using the proposed operation method alone and by following the definitions listed herein. Thus, to enable FeFET devices to act as functional logic gates, a simple operating method is proposed, providing substantial contributions to the development of computing in memory. The experimental results provide evidence of the efficacy of this method.
Realization of Zero‐Field Skyrmions in a Magnetic Tunnel Junction
Authors: He Bin , Hu Yue , Zhao Chenbo , Wei Jinwu , Zhang Junwei , Zhang Yu , Cheng Chen , Li Jiahui , Nie Zhuyang , Luo Yanxiang , Zhou Yan , Zhang Shilei , Zeng Zhongming , Peng Yong , Coey John Michael David , Han Xiufeng , Yu Guoqiang
Published: February 2023

Magnetic skyrmions are topologically protected noncollinear spin textures, which are regarded as promising information carriers for next‐generation spintronic devices due to their small size and the low current density needed to drive their motion. Stability of skyrmions in zero external magnetic field is important for promoting fundamental studies and device applications. A few zero‐field skyrmion‐hosting materials have been developed, but none of them have been successfully integrated into a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), a crucial device for converting skyrmion information into an electrical signal. Here, a zero‐field exchange‐biased skyrmion material is developed and incorporated into an MTJ device. An Ir layer is inserted between the antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic layers, which plays a crucial role in prohibiting interlayer diffusion under thermal annealing, resulting in simultaneous enhancement of exchange bias and thermal stability. The smallest zero‐field skyrmions have a size of 100 nm at room temperature. The zero‐field skyrmion material is then integrated into a perpendicularly magnetized MTJ, leading to the first demonstration of zero‐field skyrmions in an MTJ, which is an important step toward developing skyrmion‐based spintronic devices.
Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution by Modulating Excitonic Effects in Ni‐Intercalated Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Shen Rongchen , Li Xiuzhi , Qin Chaochao , Zhang Peng , Li Xin
Published: February 2023

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as appealing platforms have received tremendous interest in the field of photocatalytic H2 evolution owing to their well‐defined structures and tailor‐made function. However, excitonic effects resulting from Coulomb interactions between electron–hole pairs are key rate‐determining processes in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, which are usually ignored. Thus, it is of profound significance and highly desired, but it is still a challenge, to explore new routes to modulate excitonic dissociation in COFs for boosting photocatalysis. To address this challenge, Ni‐intercalated fluorenone‐based COFs (Ni‐COF‐SCAU‐1) at the imine linkage, are proposed for the first time, and demonstrated to exhibit the enhanced polarization electric field; thus, facilitating the Hall electron mobility and the dissociation of singlet excitons into free charge carriers under photoexcitation to participate in the surface hydrogen evolution reaction. Benefiting from these results, Ni‐COF‐SCAU‐1 displays a hydrogen production rate of 197.46 mmol·g−1 h−1 under visible light irradiation with an apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) up to 43.2% at 420 nm. This work offers an in‐depth understanding of the crucial role of the interlayer atomic interface in improving photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and paves a new way for excitonic regulation in the COFs.
Overview on Theoretical Simulations of Lithium‐Ion Batteries and Their Application to Battery Separators
Authors: Miranda Daniel , Gonçalves Renato , Wuttke Stefan , Costa Carlos M. , Lanceros‐Méndez Senentxu
Published: February 2023

For the proper design and evaluation of next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries, different physical‐chemical scales have to be considered. Taking into account the electrochemical principles and methods that govern the different processes occurring in the battery, the present review describes the main theoretical electrochemical and thermal models that allow simulation of the performance of lithium‐ion batteries, including different materials and components (electrodes and separators) and battery geometries. As the separator plays an essential role in the performance and safety of lithium‐ion batteries, the recent theoretical simulation work for this battery component are shown, with particular emphasis on morphology, dendrite growth, ionic transport, and mechanical properties. Further theoretical simulations and modeling of this battery component are still required for improving performance, taking into consideration varying geometric parameters such as pore size, porosity, and tortuosity as well as the optimization of the lithium diffusion process and ionic conductivity value. Theoretical simulations of battery separators will play an essential role in the new generation of lithium‐ion batteries, allowing the improvement of their performance while reducing experimental probes and time.
Advanced Characterization Techniques for Sulfide‐Based Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Nomura Yuki , Yamamoto Kazuo
Published: February 2023

Solid‐state lithium batteries with sulfide solid electrolytes have attracted extensive attention as next‐generation secondary batteries with high energy and power densities because sulfide solid electrolytes possess several advantages over liquid electrolytes, such as their nonfluidity, single‐ion conductivity, and low flammability. However, they still face barriers that limit their practical application, such as the (electro)chemical decomposition of solid electrolytes, mechanical degradation at interfaces, dendrite growth of lithium metal, and slow lithium diffusion in active materials. These limitations are dynamic phenomena that occur during charge and discharge reactions. The dynamic behavior inside a battery must be understood to rationally design high‐performance solid‐state lithium batteries. For this purpose, operando and in situ analyses, which analyze devices under working conditions, are promising characterization techniques. This review focuses primarily on the four issues mentioned above for bulk‐type solid‐state lithium batteries with sulfide solid electrolytes. The current status and future prospects of advanced characterization techniques, such as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray computed tomography, for addressing these issues are reviewed.
Unravelling the Complex Na2CO3 Electrochemical Process in Rechargeable Na‐CO2 Batteries
Authors: Tan Chuan , Wang Aiping , Cao Deqing , Yu Fengjiao , Wu Yuping , He Xiangming , Chen Yuhui
Published: February 2023

Rechargeable sodium‐carbon dioxide batteries utilize CO2 directly and use abundant and low‐cost sodium instead of lithium. Sodium carbonate is an important discharge product in Na‐CO2 batteries and its oxidative decomposition during charging determines cell performance (i.e., overpotentials and cyclability) but the decomposition mechanism has not been addressed yet. Herein, it is found that Na2CO3 decomposition during the charging process follows a different pathway to lithium carbonate decomposition. It proceeds via a reactive CO3•− intermediate instead of a singlet oxygen intermediate, and thus CO and O2 evolution are not identified during charging. Calculation results show that the OO distance between two adjacent CO3•− in solid Na2CO3 is longer than that in lithium carbonate and thus forming the C2O62− dimer and singlet oxygen is kinetically disfavored in Na2CO3. Surprisingly, the carbon element in Na2CO3 and carbon substrate can exchange via a Na2CO3•C composite after ball milling. By forming the Na2CO3•C composite, carbon can participate in the charging process and be fully oxidized. Therefore, designing a catalyst to encourage the reversible formation/decomposition of Na2CO3•C might be the key to realizing the reversible cycling of Na‐CO2 batteries.
Electrocatalytic Disproportionation of Nitric Oxide Toward Efficient Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Wu Angjian , Lv Jiabao , Xuan Xiaoxu , Zhang Jinhe , Cao Ang , Wang Mengjie , Wu Xiao‐Yu , Liu Qian , Zhong Yunhao , Sun Wei , Ye Qiulin , Peng Yaqi , Lin Xiaoqing , Qi Zhifu , Zhu Songqiang , Huang Qunxing , Li Xiaodong , Wu Hao Bin , Yan Jianhua
Published: February 2023

Electrocatalytic conversion of waste nitric oxide into ammonia is a promising approach to achieve sustainable nitrogen fixation. Herein, a CoNi co‐oxides catalyst is designed for NH3electrosynthesis with the merits of facilitating NO adsorption and reducing the reaction energy barrier. By synergistic coupling with anodic NO oxidation, electrocatalytic disproportionation of NO is first realized to simultaneously synthesize value‐added double nitrogen products (NH3and nitrate) with increased total energy efficiency. Furthermore, decoupled acid–base asymmetric electrolyte design is proposed in a united assembled electrolyzer, enabling a high NH3production rate (26.27 mg h−1cm−2) with unit faradaic efficiency and a remarkable nitrate production rate of 68.41 mg h−1cm−2at the anode. A low cell voltage of 3.58 V is obtained by optimizing ion agglomeration within the membrane to promote the charge‐ion exchange and electrode kinetics. Technoeconomic analysis demonstrates the economic feasibility of recycling waste NO by the electrocatalytic disproportionation strategy.
A closer look at the relationship between concentration, prices, and market power in food retail—A monopolistic competition and differentiated products approach
Authors: Dong Xiao , Balagtas Joseph V. , Byrne Anne T.
Published: February 2023

This article examines the determinants and impacts of rising market concentration in food retail. We argue that the differentiated nature of food retail complicates the common assumption that rising market concentration is evidence of growing market power and rising prices. We provide a theoretical explanation for rising market concentration but relatively unchanging market power and prices. We also provide empirical data on prices, gross margins, profit margins, and demand elasticities to support our hypothesis that rising fixed costs have been the main driver of rising market concentration with little impact on market power and prices.
An evaluation on the effects of safe person handling program implementation at long term care facilities for persons with complex intellectual, developmental, and medical conditions
Authors: Ryan Daniel , Anderson Conor , Connolly Ann Marie , Veety Lindsey , Villavicencio Tania , Parks Lindsey
Published: February 2023

Background

This retrospective chart review sought to determine whether the introduction of a safe person handling and mobility (SPHM) program resulted in changes to the frequency, severity, cost, or profile of staff injuries incurred during person handling (PH) tasks at long‐term care settings for persons with complex conditions.

Methods

This study analyzed the SPHM program implementation at an organization providing long‐term residential, day habilitation, and special education services for persons with complex conditions. Data covered two 4‐year periods before and after implementation. Analyses compared the frequency, severity, and cost of staff PH injuries, as well as of the affected body area, staff role, level of treatment, and the incurred costs of Workers' Compensation (WC) claims.

Results

There were substantive decreases in the total number of staff PH injuries and WC claims. Staff PH injuries affecting the trunk, the area most associated with PH injuries, decreased the most, followed by the upper extremities. Reductions were concentrated among direct care employees and their supervisors, job titles where PH exposures are most commonly seen. The proportion of staff injuries requiring medical treatment decreased significantly, as did injury severity. The number of lost workdays decreased by 94.6%. Incurred WC costs decreased by 91.1%. The proportion of WC claims associated with lost time decreased significantly.

Conclusions

Substantive reductions in the frequency, severity, and incurred WC cost of staff PH injuries followed implementation of the SPHM program. Likewise, proportional changes were identified among the programs where cases occurred, the need for medical treatment, and WC cost type.
Solid‐Supported Catalysts for Organic Functional Group Transformations
Authors: Adeyeye Nafiu Sodiq , Ajeebi Afnan M. , Alghamdi Huda S. , Aziz Md. Abdul , Nasiruzzaman Shaikh M.
Published: February 2023

Design of solid‐supported metal catalysts (SSMCs) has made an increasingly important contribution to heterogeneous catalysis in terms of fundamental understanding and technological applications. For instance, industrial use of supported catalysts for oxidation, reduction, and C−C bond formation reactions is highly prevalent. The reason behind this is that such catalysts are economical, have high thermal stability, dispersion, high exposed surface area, and above all, high reusability (up to multiple subsequent cycles). Such characteristics make supported catalysts ideal for green synthesis. However, unlike homogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis is widely applied in crude oil refining, the pharmaceutical industry, water purification, natural product synthesis, and environmental catalysis. Carbon‐carbon bond formation reactions are frequently used in the organic synthesis using SSMCs. SSMCs are attractive to synthetic chemists due to their easy recovery and excellent stability compared to unsupported metal catalysts. However, the major drawback of SSMCs is related to metal sintering at elevated temperatures caused by weak interactions between the metal and solid support in SSMCs. This review highlights major advancements in SSMCs. Three commonly reported solid supports for metal catalysts, such metal oxides, carbonaceous materials, and polymeric compounds, are discussed. Moreover, a series of thermo‐ and photocatalyzed reactions, such as hydrogenation, carbon‐carbon bond formation, oxidation reactions and multicomponent reactions and the effect of variable supports towards activity and selectivity are demonstrated.
Fabrication of Highly Oriented Ultrathin Zirconium Metal‐Organic Framework Membrane from Nanosheets towards Unprecedented Gas Separation
Authors: Sun Yanwei , Yan Jiahui , Gao Yunlei , Ji Taotao , Chen Sixing , Wang Chen , Lu Peng , Li Yanshuo , Liu Yi
Published: February 2023

Concurrent regulation of crystallographic orientation and thickness of zirconium metal–organic framework (Zr‐MOF) membranes is challenging but promising for their performance enhancement. In this study, we pioneered the fabrication of uniform triangular‐shaped, 40 nm thick UiO‐66 nanosheet (NS) seeds by employing an anisotropic etching strategy. Through innovating confined counter‐diffusion‐assisted epitaxial growth, highly (111)‐oriented 165 nm‐thick UiO‐66 membrane was prepared. The significant reduction in thickness and diffusion barrier in the framework endowed the membrane with unprecedented CO2permeance (2070 GPU) as well as high CO2/N2selectivity (35.4), which surpassed the performance limits of state‐of‐the‐art polycrystalline MOF membranes. In addition, highly (111)‐oriented 180 nm‐thick NH2‐UiO‐66 membrane showing superb H2/CO2separation performance with H2permeance of 1230 GPU and H2/CO2selectivity of 41.3, was prepared with the above synthetic procedure.