bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of bacterial community in tobacco leaves at flue-curing and redrying processing stages
Authors: Yang Yue , Xu Ruyan , Yang Mengmeng , Xu Qiang , Miao Chenlin , Guo Jianhua , Mou Wenjun , Du Hang , Wei Gang , Hu Liwei , Hu Zongyu
Published: August 2023

During the processing of tobacco leaves, flue-curing and redrying can affect the structure of bacterial community, having an effect on the aging quality of tobacco leaves. In order to characterize the effects of flue-curing and redrying on the bacterial community of tobacco leaves, the bacterial community of samples at different processing stages (before flue-curing, after flue-curing, before redrying and after redrying) was analyzed using Illumina sequencing. A total of 33 phyla, 79 classes, 195 orders, 344 families, 826 genera and 7922 ASVs were obtained from 36 samples. There was no significant difference in the core bacterial groups of tobacco leaf at four processing stages.Proteobacteriadominated at the phylum level.Sphingomonas,PseudomonasandMethylobacteriumwere the main genera shared by all samples. The functional prediction by PICRUSt showed an increase in the relative abundance of pathway related to metabolism after flue-curing and pathway related to environmental information processing after redrying. This study, we analyzed the changes of bacterial community and structural composition of tobacco leaves from flue-curing to redrying, and found that flue-curing had a greater effect on the microbial community than redrying. This is conducive for the exploration of microbial resources and improvement of tobacco leaf quality.
Electrocoagulation/flotation process for removing copper from an aqueous environment
Authors: Kashi Giti
Published: August 2023

The presence of copper in aqueous environments such as drinking water has led to several environmental effects, such as flavor and odor. The increase in Cu levels in ground and surface water has been mainly attributed to anthropogenic and natural sources. Consequently, this applied-analytical study aimed to investigate copper removal from urban drinking water through batch reactor electrocoagulation/flotation (ECF) with aluminum electrodes. The copper removal efficiency was evaluated under various operating conditions of current density (0.8–2.4 mA/cm2), initial concentration (1–100 mg/L), pH (3.5–10.5), and time (10–30 min). Cu was determined using the method outlined in the standard procedures (3500-Cu B at 4571 nm). The results indicated that increasing the current density from 0.8 to 2.4 mA/cm2and the reaction time from 10 to 30 min improved Cu+2removal efficiency (from 95 to 100%). In addition, the results demonstrated that Cu+2reduction is 100% with an initial concentration of 100 mg/L, a pH of 7.5, a reaction time of 30 min, and an anode current density of 2.4 mA/cm2. The Taguchi method results for copper removal efficiency show that reaction time is the most significant variable. Furthermore, Cu removal kinetics models in an ECF reactor are second-order (R2 > 0.92). The Cu removal in the ECF reactor is due to redox and adsorption. Moreover, the operational costs of Cu treatment with Al electrode pairs are estimated to range from 8857 and 9636 Rial/kg of Cu removed. Thus, it can be concluded that the ECF process is very efficient in removing Cu from aqueous environments under optimum conditions.
Metamaterial inspired electromagnetic bandgap filter for ultra-wide stopband screening devices of electromagnetic interference
Authors: Al-Hasan Muath , Alibakhshikenari Mohammad , Virdee Bal S. , Sharma Richa , Iqbal Amjad , Althuwayb Ayman A. , Falcone Francisco
Published: August 2023

Presented here is a reactively loaded microstrip transmission line that exhibit an ultra-wide bandgap. The reactive loading is periodically distributed along the transmission line, which is electromagnetically coupled. The reactive load consists of a circular shaped patch which is converted to a metamaterial structure by embedded on it two concentric slit-rings. The patch is connected to the ground plane with a via-hole. The resulting structure exhibits electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) properties. The size and gap between the slit-rings dictate the magnitude of the reactive loading. The structure was first theoretically modelled to gain insight of the characterizing parameters. The equivalent circuit was verified using a full-wave 3D electromagnetic (EM) solver. The measured results show the proposed EBG structure has a highly sharp 3-dB skirt and a very wide bandgap, which is substantially larger than any EBG structure reported to date. The bandgap rejection of the single EBG unit-cell is better than − 30 dB, and the five element EBG unit-cell is better than − 90 dB. The innovation can be used in various applications such as biomedical applications that are requiring sharp roll-off rates and high stopband rejection thus enabling efficient use of the EM spectrum. This can reduce guard band and thereby increase the channel capacity of wireless systems.
Immunogenic cell death-based prognostic model for predicting the response to immunotherapy and common therapy in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Xu Ran , Lu Tong , Wang Chenghao , Chang Xiaoyan , Peng Bo , Shen Zhiping , Yao Lingqi , Wang Kaiyu , Xu Chengyu , Shi Jiaxin , Zhang Ren , Zhao Jiaying , Zhang Linyou
Published: August 2023

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a malignant tumor in the respiratory system. The efficacy of current treatment modalities varies greatly, and individualization is evident. Therefore, finding biomarkers for predicting treatment prognosis and providing reference and guidance for formulating treatment options is urgent. Cancer immunotherapy has made distinct progress in the past decades and has a significant effect on LUAD. Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) can reshape the tumor’s immune microenvironment, contributing to immunotherapy. Thus, exploring ICD biomarkers to construct a prognostic model might help individualized treatments. We used a lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) dataset to identify ICD-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, these DEGs were clustered and divided into subgroups. We also performed variance analysis in different dimensions. Further, we established and validated a prognostic model by LASSO Cox regression analysis. The risk score in this model was used to evaluate prognostic differences by survival analysis. The treatment prognosis of various therapies were also predicted. LUAD samples were divided into two subgroups. The ICD-high subgroup was related to an immune-hot phenotype more sensitive to immunotherapy. The prognostic model was constructed based on six ICD-related DEGs. We found that high-risk score patients responded better to immunotherapy. The ICD prognostic model was validated as a standalone factor to evaluate the ICD subtype of individual LUAD patients, which might contribute to more effective therapies.
Undrained stability of braced excavations in clay considering the nonstationary random field of undrained shear strength
Authors: Tanapalungkorn Weeradetch , Yodsomjai Wittawat , Keawsawasvong Suraparb , Nguyen Thanh Son , Chim-Oye Weeraya , Jongpradist Pornkasem , Likitlersuang Suched
Published: August 2023

The basal heave stability of supported excavations is an essential problem in geotechnical engineering. This paper considers the probabilistic analysis of basal heave stability of supported excavations with spatially random soils by employing the random adaptive finite element limit analysis and Monte Carlo simulations to simulate all possible outcomes under parametric uncertainty. The effect of soil strength variability is investigated for various parameters, including the width and depth of the excavation ratio, strength gradient factor, and vertical correlation length. Probabilistic basal stability results have also been employed to determine the probability of design failure for a practical range of deterministic factors of safety. Considering probabilistic failure analysis, the more complete failure patterns caused by the various vertical correlation length would decrease the probability of design failure. There are different tendencies between the probability of design failure at the same safety factor with various vertical correlation lengths. These results can be of great interest to engineering practitioners in the design process of excavation problems.
Platelet factors are induced by longevity factor klotho and enhance cognition in young and aging mice
Authors: Park Cana , Hahn Oliver , Gupta Shweta , Moreno Arturo J. , Marino Francesca , Kedir Blen , Wang Dan , Villeda Saul A. , Wyss-Coray Tony , Dubal Dena B.
Published: August 2023

Platelet factors regulate wound healing and can signal from the blood to the brain1,2. However, whether platelet factors modulate cognition, a highly valued and central manifestation of brain function, is unknown. Here we show that systemic platelet factor 4 (PF4) permeates the brain and enhances cognition. We found that, in mice, peripheral administration of klotho, a longevity and cognition-enhancing protein3–7, increased the levels of multiple platelet factors in plasma, including PF4. A pharmacologic intervention that inhibits platelet activation blocked klotho-mediated cognitive enhancement, indicating that klotho may require platelets to enhance cognition. To directly test the effects of platelet factors on the brain, we treated mice with vehicle or systemic PF4. In young mice, PF4 enhanced synaptic plasticity and cognition. In old mice, PF4 decreased cognitive deficits and restored aging-induced increases of select factors associated with cognitive performance in the hippocampus. The effects of klotho on cognition were still present in mice lacking PF4, suggesting this platelet factor is sufficient to enhance cognition but not necessary for the effects of klotho—and that other unidentified factors probably contribute. Augmenting platelet factors, possible messengers of klotho, may enhance cognition in the young brain and decrease cognitive deficits in the aging brain.
Enhanced absorbance detection system for online bacterial monitoring in digital microfluidics
Authors: Wu Jingya , Zhang Maolin , Huang Jianle , Guan Jingxin , Hu Chenxuan , Shi Mude , Hu Siyi , Wang Shurong , Ma Hanbin
Published: August 2023

A sensitive microfluidic platform with absorbance detection enables precise bacterial monitoring, growth curve analysis, and single-cell manipulation, driving advancements in automated bioresearch for life sciences.
Efficient separation of aristolochic acid I from Caulis aristolochiae manshuriensis (Guan-mu-tong) with copper mediated magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer
Authors: Cao Yu , Shi Haizhu , Lan Zhuo , He Kunlin , Chen Qian , Zhang Chungu , Feng Shun , Shan Lianhai
Published: August 2023

Screening bioactive compounds from natural products is one of the most effective ways for new drug research and development.
Screening and detection of multivalent human papillomavirus antibodies using a high-throughput liquid chip fluoroimmunoassay system
Authors: Wang Hong , Hu Rong , Huang Qiao , Zhang Haijiang , Zhang En , Yang Huijie
Published: August 2023

A high-throughput liquid chip system that combines immunoassay techniques and magnetic beads to allow the simultaneous screening and quantitative detection of antibodies to four types of HPV.
Silver decahedral nanoparticles with uniform and adjustable sizes for surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based thiram residue detection
Authors: Sun Hongda , Tian Yu , Wei Jinping , Wei Wenli , Zhang Zhichao , Han Shuang , Niu Wenxin
Published: August 2023

Uniform silver decahedral nanoparticles are used as SERS substrates for pesticide residue detection on peels with reliable sensitivity and repeatability.
Research on the elimination of low-concentration formaldehyde by Ag loaded onto Mn/CeO2 catalyst at room temperature
Authors: Duan Chaomin , Zhou Yanlin , Meng Mianwu , Huang Huang , Ding Hua , Zhang Qi , Huang Renyuan , Yan Mengjuan
Published: August 2023

An Ag/Mn/CeO2 catalyst was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal-calcination method. Compared with the Mn/CeO2 catalyst, its comprehensive performance was greatly improved and it can be recycled, thereby showing potential for industrial applications.
Structural, kinetic, and thermodynamic aspects of insulin aggregation
Authors: Panda Chinmaya , Kumar Sachin , Gupta Sharad , Pandey Lalit M
Published: August 2023

Given the significance of protein aggregation in proteinopathies and the development of therapeutic protein pharmaceuticals, revamped interest in assessing and modelling the aggregation kinetics has been observed.
Accurate absolute frequency measurement of the S(2) transition in the fundamental band of H2 near 2.03 μm
Authors: Mondelain D. , de Casson L. Boux , Fleurbaey H. , Kassi S. , Campargue A.
Published: August 2023

A comb-referenced CRDS spectrometer is used to measure the absolute frequency of the S(2) transition in the fundamental band of H2 with a 150 kHz uncertainty.
Neural networks trained on synthetically generated crystals can extract structural information from ICSD powder X-ray diffractograms
Authors: Schopmans Henrik , Reiser Patrick , Friederich Pascal
Published: August 2023

We used synthetically generated crystals to train ResNet-like models to enhance the prediction of space groups from ICSD powder X-ray diffractograms. The results show improved generalization to unseen structure types compared to previous approaches.
Quantifying interfacial energetics of 2D semiconductor electrodes using in situ spectroelectrochemistry and many-body theory
Authors: Almaraz Rafael , Sayer Thomas , Toole Justin , Austin Rachelle , Farah Yusef , Trainor Nicholas , Redwing Joan M. , Krummel Amber , Montoya-Castillo Andrés , Sambur Justin
Published: August 2023

In situ optical measurements can reveal bandgap changes in monolayer semiconductor electrodes.
Fate of nutrients and trace contaminants in a large shallow soda lake. Spatial gradients and underlying processes from the tributary river to the reed belt
Authors: Zoboli Ottavia , Hainz Roland , Riedler Patricia , Kum Georg , Sigmund Elisabeth , Hintermaier Silvia , Saracevic Ernis , Krampe Jörg , Zessner Matthias , Wolfram Georg
Published: August 2023

Evapotranspiration and indirect photodegradation, but also connectivity between open lake and reed belt play a major role in the fate of organic trace contaminants and in determining the water chemistry in the shallow Lake Neusiedl.
Reduction of haloacetonitrile-associated risk by adjustment of distribution system pH
Authors: Stewart Kevin , An Dong , Hanigan David
Published: August 2023

We find that increasing distribution system pH is an effective method to reduce HAN-associated toxicity, although potential tradeoffs exist.
Reengineering of the carbon-to-acetylene process featuring negative carbon emission
Authors: Li Miao , Zhao Hong , Chen Siyuan , liu Siyuan , Yan Long , Hou Chen , Jiang Biao
Published: August 2023

A novel barium-based carbon-to-chemical process with CO2 capture.
Designing an enzyme assembly line for green cascade processes using bio-orthogonal chemistry
Authors: Qiao Li , Luo Zhiyuan , Wang Ru , Pei Xiaolin , Wu Shujiao , Chen Haomin , Xie Tian , Sheldon Roger A. , Wang Anming
Published: August 2023

Linear orderly combi-crosslinked enzymes (O-CLEs) were designed and constructed for green cascade catalysis using bio-orthogonal chemistry.
Tunable resins with PDMS-like elastic modulus for stereolithographic 3D-printing of multimaterial microfluidic actuators
Authors: Ahmadianyazdi Alireza , Miller Isaac J. , Folch Albert
Published: August 2023

We introduce high-elasticity photopolymers based on a low-viscosity tunable blend of the monomers poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA,Mw∼ 258) and the monoacrylate poly(ethylene glycol methyl ether) methacrylate (PEGMEMA,Mw∼ 300) for SLA printing of multimaterial microfluidic actuators.
Single cell proteomics analysis of drug response shows its potential as a drug discovery platform
Authors: Straubhaar Juerg , D’Souza Alexandria , Niziolek Zachary , Budnik Bogdan
Published: August 2023

SCREEN (Single Cell pRotEomE aNalysis) for deep and high-throughput single-cell proteome coverage with high efficiency.
A biocompatible NIR-II light-responsive nanoknife for permanent male sterilization
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Yue Xiaomeng , Wu Huanhuan , Wan Yeda , Tong Yujie , Zhao Yang , Li Yijun , Pan Jinbin
Published: August 2023

A NIR-II light-responsive “nanoknife” (Cys-CuS nanosheets) to achieve high-efficiency permanent male sterilization.
Encapsulation of α-tocopherol acetate of emulsion gels by synergistic stabilization with polysaccharides and modified shea butter
Authors: Han Yanan , Tai Xiumei , Liu Huimin , Geng Tao , Yang XiaoYi
Published: August 2023

Emulsion gels synergistically stabilized by different polysaccharides and modified shea butter were reported in this work.
Highly efficient ˙OH generation in Fenton-like reactions over a bioinspired manganese single-atom site
Authors: Yang Man , Ren Yujing
Published: August 2023

Enzyme-like manganese single-atom sites (Mn1–N4) that anchored on an amorphous nanodiamond surface display outstanding activity in a Fenton-like process.
Combining experiments on luminescent centres in hexagonal boron nitride with the polaron model and ab initio methods towards the identification of their microscopic origin
Authors: Fischer Moritz , Sajid Ali , Iles-Smith Jake , Hötger Alexander , Miakota Denys I. , Svendsen Mark K. , Kastl Christoph , Canulescu Stela , Xiao Sanshui , Wubs Martijn , Thygesen Kristian S. , Holleitner Alexander W. , Stenger Nicolas
Published: August 2023

We narrow down the microscopic origin to 3 out of 26 defect transitions by comparing experiments with ab initio methods and the polaron model. We show excellent agreement between theory and experimental photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy.
FeNi3 nanoparticles for electrocatalytic synthesis of urea from carbon dioxide and nitrate
Authors: Hou Tong , Ding Junyang , Zhang Hao , Chen Shanshan , Liu Qian , Luo Jun , Liu Xijun
Published: August 2023

FeNi3 alloy is adopted for catalyzing nitrate and carbon dioxide reduction to produce urea at ambient conditions. The catalyst delivers a larger urea yield rate and faradaic efficiency in comparison with the counterparts.
Strained cycloalkanols in C–C bond formation reactions: a boon in disguise!
Authors: Jha Neha , Mishra Pragya , Kapur Manmohan
Published: August 2023

A summary of the various ring opening reactions of strained and unstrained cycloalkanols is elaborated in the present review. Key emphasis on the reactivities pertaining to cyclopropanols, cyclobutanols and higher unstrained analogues is provided.
Oil palm leaf-derived hierarchical porous carbon for “water-in-salt” based supercapacitors: the effect of anions (Cl− and TFSI−) in superconcentrated conditions
Authors: Phukhrongthung Arisa , Iamprasertkun Pawin , Bunpheng Aritsa , Saisopa Thanit , Umpuch Chakkrit , Puchongkawarin Channarong , Sawangphruk Montree , Luanwuthi Santamon
Published: August 2023

This study investigates the use of a hierarchical porous carbon electrode derived from oil palm leaves in a “water-in-salt” supercapacitor.
Length-tunable Pd2Sn@Pt core–shell nanorods for enhanced ethanol electrooxidation with concurrent hydrogen production
Authors: Li Tong , Wang Qiuxia , Zhang Wenjie , Li Huaming , Wang Yong , Liu Junfeng
Published: August 2023

Tailored Pd2Sn@Pt nanorods facilitate efficient ethanol oxidation, driving a novel hybrid electrolysis system for simultaneous ethanol upgrading and hydrogen production at low cell voltage.
Exploring the impact of lithium halide-based redox mediators in suppressing CO2 evolution in Li–O2 cells
Authors: Akella Sri Harsha , Bagavathi Muniyandi , Rosy  , Sharon Daniel , Ozgur Capraz , Noked Malachi
Published: August 2023

The graphical abstract depicts that the Li–O2 cell failure is directly proportional to CO2 evolution. Cells containing optimal LiBr as redox mediator has significantly suppressed the CO2 evolution upon prolonged Li–O2 cycling.
Photocatalytic activity enhancement with 4-cyanophenylacetylene-modified Cu2O cubes and rhombic dodecahedra and use in arylboronic acid hydroxylation
Authors: Chou Po-Jung , Yu Wei-Yang , Kao Jui-Cheng , Lo Yu-Chieh , Chou Jyh-Pin , Huang Michael H.
Published: August 2023

Inert Cu2O cubes become highly active toward dye photodegradation after 4-cyanophenylacetylene functionalization as shown from the emergence of a 4-CNA-derived band in the Cu2O band gap. Functionalization also boosts photocatalytic arylboronic acid hydroxylation.
A new method for treating chronic pancreatitis and preventing fibrosis using bioactive calcium silicate ion solution
Authors: Yin Hua , Zhang Zhaowenbin , Zhang Deyu , Peng Lisi , Xia Chuanchao , Yang Xiaoli , Wang Xinyue , Li Zhaoshen , Chang Jiang , Huang Haojie
Published: August 2023

(A) CS powders were used to prepare the CS ion solution. (B) Chronic pancreatitis was treated by administering the CS ion solution via tail vein injection.
Unmanned aerial vehicle orthogonal laser localization by Gaussian mixture model‐based map representation
Authors: Wan Zeyu , Jiang Changjian , Zhang Yu
Published: August 2023

Localization is a core problem in mobile robot navigation. Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) costs much for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). This research aims to design an orthogonal laser scan device for localization and to save computation costs. Based on disturbance analysis, residual influences on sensor state are quantitative, and they are related to uncertainty and sensitivity. This research applied the residual selection method to a UAV. The feature point detection utilises multi‐scale and Gaussian model fitting techniques to guarantee true positives. The map is represented by Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) with lower memory costs. The orthogonal laser scan device is composed and placed on a UAV for real‐time three‐dimensional localization, whose errors are at the centimeter level.
Assisted Venous Drainage, Venous Air, and Gaseous Microemboli Transmission into the Arterial Line: An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Rider Sean P. , Simon Lorri V. , Rice Billy J. , Poulton Chad C.
Published: August 2023

The objective of this study was to examine the interaction of cardiopulmonary bypass venous air with assisted venous drainage, focusing on its production of gaseous microemboli in the arterial line.

An in-vitro recirculating cardiopulmonary bypass circuit containing fresh whole bovine blood was monitored with a pulsed-doppler microbubble detector. Air of specific amounts was injected into the venous line and gaseous microemboli counts were obtained distal to the arterial filter. Data was recorded for unassisted drainage, vacuum-assisted drainage, and centrifugal pump-assisted drainage.

Centrifugal pump-assisted drainage produced over 300 microbubbles in one minute distal to the arterial filter when venous air was introduced into the circuit. Of these, 220 were greater than 80 μm in size. Vacuum-assisted drainage produced no microbubbles when the same amount of venous air was introduced into the circuit. However, vacuum-assisted drainage did produce some microbubbles in the arterial line when a stopcock was left open on the venous line for 30 seconds. Unassisted drainage produced no microbubbles at all levels of venous air entrainment.

Air becomes entrained in the venous line from a variety of sources. In a typical gravity-drained situation, the air remains whole and is dissipated in the venous reservoir by buoyancy and filtration. In an assisted-drainage situation, the air is subjected to additional forces. The air is subjected to a greater degree of negative pressure and, with centrifugal pump assisted drainage, is subjected to kinetic energy imparted by the cones or vanes of the pump. The kinetic energy from the centrifugal pump appears to break the air into small bubbles which become suspended in the blood, passing through the reservoir, oxygenator, and arterial filter. In a clinical setting, these bubbles would be passed into a patient's arterial system.
The Additive Effects of Antifibrinolytics: Dangers in the OR
Authors: Sistino Joseph J. , Richards Carolyn
Published: August 2023

The use of antifibrinolytic agents in recent years had been heralded as a major breakthrough in the prevention of postoperative bleeding. However, whenever the delicate balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis is altered, the potential exists for disaster. There have been a number of complications reported in the literature related to the use of antifibinolytics.

With the availability of oral epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA) as treatment for the symptoms of hemophilia and other secondary bleeding disorders, the possibility exists that a patient presenting for heart surgery may already be receiving antifibrinolyic therapy.

A 72 year-old female underwent double valve replacement which was complicated by postoperative bleeding. Her medical history included gastrointestinal bleeding which was being treated with oral EACA. The patient was heparin resistant with a dose response of 55 sec/unit/ml. Heparin was administered during cardiopulmonary bypass to maintain the ACT between 400–500 seconds using a heparin-coated bypass circuit. In spite of this, the patient became thrombocytopenic and bled excessively in the postoperative period.

Administration of additional antifibrinolyic agents in the operating room may be contraindicated when the patient is receiving this therapy preoperatively, and may contribute to the development of a procoagulant state during bypass.
Removal of Hepatocarcinoma Cells From Blood via Cell Washing and Filtration Techniques
Authors: Jones Clinton C. , Stammers Alfred H. , Fristoe Lance W. , Jones Kimberly T. , Beck Daniel J. , Pierce Michelle L. , Dickes Melinda S.
Published: August 2023

Utilization of autotransfusion during tumor resection remains controversial due to viability of carcinoma cells remaining in collected blood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate autotransfusion techniques combined with leukocyte depleting filters (LDF) for removal of hepatocarcinoma cells from autotransfusate.

An in vitro model was created by contaminating expired human erythrocytes with cultured hepatocarcinoma (HEP G2) cells. Autotransfusion devices evaluated were Cobe BRAT2, Sorin STAT-P, and Fresenius CATS. Autotransfusate collected from varying processing conditions were filtered using the Pall Leukoguard RS or Pall Purecell RCQ LDF. Carcinoma concentrations were quantified via Coulter Counter technology.

The CATS exhibited higher concentrations of cancer cells in the autotransfusate prior to washing, a 449% increase. This was significantly higher than either the BRAT2 or STAT-P, 350% and 315% respectively. Post washing HEP G2 concentrations in the BRAT2 were significantly higher than the STAT-P and CATS. Doubled wash volumes removed more HEP G2 cells in all trials, reaching statistical significance only in the CATS. LDF resulted in a significant 75% reduction of HEP G2 cells, with no difference between filters.

While combination use of autotransfusion devices and leukocyte depleting filters did result in a product with concentrated hematocrit, no technique removed all hepatocarcinoma cells.
Effect of Autotransfusion on Fibrinolysis in Open Heart Patients
Authors: Warsaw David S. , Niewiarowska Ana , Theman Terrill
Published: August 2023

Autotransfused blood is often used as an alternative to banked blood. The fibrinolytic consequences of autotransfused blood are undefined. This prospective study was designed to determine the effect of intraoperative autotransfused blood on fibrinolysis and other coagulation parameters.

Ten consecutive patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for open-heart procedures were studied. All patients received autotransfused blood intraoperatively and tolerated the procedure. Blood samples were taken preoperatively, intraoperatively, and at 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. Coagulation parameters including prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), fibrinogen, fibrin degradation products, and D-dimer levels were measured at each time point. In addition, the quantity of autotransfused blood and additional standard blood products were recorded. Nonparametric repeated measures analyses with post hoc tests adjusted using the Bonferroni correction were used to analyze the data.

Mean PT increased from 13.9 ± 3.0 seconds preoperatively to 15.7 ± 1.6 seconds intraoperatively, but then gradually declined to 14.5 ± 1.1 seconds 24 hours postoperatively. A similar temporal pattern was observed for PTT, which reached a peak of 55.7 ± 33.0 seconds intraoperatively from a preoperative baseline of 44.0 ± 15.3 seconds. Adjusted post hoc comparisons of fibrinogen levels indicated a statistically significant difference between preoperative and 6 hour postoperative medians, (p < .0083). Fibrin degradation products had a modest and nonsignificant decrease over the 24-hour study period, (from 12.6 ± 6.7 mcg/mL preoperatively to 9.0 ± 1.6 mcg/ml 24 hours postoperatively), while D-dimer levels rose from a baseline of 0.54 ± 0.09 mcg/mL to 0.98 ± 0.48 mcg/mL 6 hours postoperatively, but declined nearly to baseline by 24 hours postoperatively, (0.62 ± 0.11 mcg/mL). We conclude that although autotransfused blood may activate the fibrinolytic pathway, its use remains safe and does not require the use of additional banked blood products.
Myocardial Protection: An Overview
Authors: Vinten-Johansen Jakob , Thourani Vinod H.
Published: August 2023

The goals of myocardial protection during cardiac surgery are not only to facilitate the operation by providing a quiet bloodless field, thereby facilitating the precision of the operation, but also to avoid iatrogenic injury induced by cardiopulmonary bypass itself or by surgically imposed ischemia. In addition, myocardial protective strategies are geared to preventing reperfusion injury upon resolution of the coronary occlusion and the ultimate release of the aortic cross clamp. Cardioplegia plays a very important role in myocardial protection strategies. Acting as a selective perfusion agent, cardioplegia solutions can alter or inhibit ischemic injury by virtue of hypothermia and asystole. In addition, cardioplegia can be used to avoid reperfusion injury by altering the conditions of its delivery and the composition of the solution using various adjunctive agents and pharmacologic therapies for which cardioplegia solutions serve as a vector. Future strategies, particularly for off-pump surgical procedures, may incorporate systemic delivery of therapeutic agents to the heart directly either in conjunction with or without cardioplegia.
The Effects of Continuous Blood Gas Monitoring During Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Prospective, Randomized Study—Part II
Authors: Trowbridge Cody C. , Vasquez Marco , Stammers Alfred H. , Glowgowski Kimberly , Tremain Kimberly , Niimi Kevin , Muhle Michelle , Yiang Tianyu
Published: August 2023

The impact of blood gas management during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on patient care has not been examined and remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine whether precise blood gas management during CPB influences patient outcome.

Fifty-nine patients were enrolled in an Institutional Review Board-approved, prospective, randomized study. An in-line blood gas monitor (CDI 500) was placed into the arterial and venous lines for all patients. Blood gas monitoring in the control group was managed by intermittent sampling (every 20–30 min), while the treatment group was managed with continuous monitoring. Blood gas control and measured parameters were as follows: pH 7.40 ± 0.05, PaCO2 40 ± 5 mmHg, PaO2 200 ± 50 mmHg. The treatment group had the CDI 500 guide clinical decisions.

Compared to the control group, the treatment group consisted of significantly more diabetic (7% vs. 47%, p ≤ 0.001), renal failure (3% vs. 13%, p ≤ 0.01), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients (7% vs. 20%, p ≤ 0.01). Internal thoracic artery utilization was higher in treatment patients than control patients (67% vs. 95%, p ≤ 0.02). No other differences existed in demographic, pharmacological, surgical, or anesthetic parameters.

In the perioperative period, the control group required antiarrythmic support more frequently than the treatment group (10% vs. 0%, p ≤ 0.05). Compared to the control group, the treatment group required antiarrythmic (18% vs. 10%, p ≤ 0.05) and cardiac glycoside therapy (11% vs. 0%, p ≤ 0.05) less frequently in the postoperative period. Although treatment patients required less intraoperative pacing and cardioversion and spent less time on mechanical ventilation, in the intensive care unit (ICU), and in the hospital than control patients, statistical significance was not achieved.

In conclusion, the use of continuous, in-line blood gas monitoring resulted in improvement in a number of postoperative outcome variables, although ICU and hospital stay was not effected.
Technique for Routine Use of Heparin Bonded Circuits with a Reduced Anticoagulation Protocol
Authors: O’Gara Paul J. , Treanor Patrick R. , Lilly Kevin J. , Crowley Richard F. , Reardon Deborah L. , Khuri Shukri F. , Shemin Richard J. , Aldea Gabriel S.
Published: August 2023

The use of heparin-bonded cardiopulmonary bypass circuits (HBCs) with reduced anticoagulation protocol during cardiac surgery attenuates some of the adverse pathophysiologic responses to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The strategies of how to maximize improvements in clinical outcomes using this technique are still debated. This article describes in detail a comprehensive approach to strategies developed at Boston Medical Center and the West Roxbury Veteran Affairs Medical Center in over 4000 cases in which HBC with a reduced anticoagulation protocol is used routinely. Important elements of this technique include elimination of cardiotomy reservoir during coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), autologous blood priming, normothermic CPB, and precise heparin and protamine titration. Adaptation and variation in this technique to specific clinical situations is also highlighted.
Myocardial Protection of Warm Blood Cardioplegic Induction during Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Li Shu , Long Cun , Chang Qian , Zhang Dongya , Strickler Andrew G. , Nussmeier Nancy A.
Published: August 2023

In his prospective randomized clinical study, we evaluated the myocardial protection of warm blood cardioplegic induction and cold blood cardioplegic induction, respectively, during cardiopulmonary bypass. Twenty-eight adult patients who underwent valve replacement were randomly divided into two groups: group T (14 cases) received cold (6–8°C) blood cardioplegic induction after ECG showed straight line induced by warm (35–37°C) blood cardioplegia; whereas, group C (14 cases) received cold blood cardioplegic induction only. The effects of myocardial protection of both cardioplegic inductions were evaluated by clinical outcomes, myocardial biochemistry index (cardiac troponin T, cTnT), and myocardial automorphology. The ratio of myocardial auto resuscitation was significantly higher in group T (93%) than that in group C (50%). Only one case in group T (7%) and three cases in group C (21%) needed temporary pacemakers. No case in group T (0%) and five cases (36%) in group C received dopamine. The postoperative mechanical ventilation time and ICU stay time of group T were shorter than those of group C. Myocardial biochemistry index— plasma level of cTnT in group T was lower than that of group C immediately and 6 h after cardiopulmonary bypass. Myocardial morphology—group T had comparably better outcomes than group C. We concluded that warm blood cardioplegic induction during cardiopulmonary bypass, compared with cold blood cardioplegic induction, provides better myocardial protection.
The Effects of Venous Cannulation Technique and Cardioplegia Type on Plasma Potassium Concentration and Arterial Blood Pressure during Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Coleman Eoin T. , Hargrove M. , Mahony C. O. , O’Donnell A. , Shorten G. , Aherne T.
Published: August 2023

The cannulation method and cardioplegia solution used during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may both influence plasma potassium concentrations ([K+]) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP). Bi-caval or right atrial cannulation methods are routinely used in conjunction with crystalloid or blood cardioplegia. We investigated the influence of cannulation method and cardioplegia solutions on plasma [K+] and MAP during cardiopulmonary bypass. Sixty consecutive patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using CPB were studied. They were randomly divided into three groups of 20 patients. Patients in Group A underwent bi-caval venous cannulation and received crystalloid cardioplegia. Group B patients underwent right atrial cannulation and received crystalloid cardioplegia. Group C patients underwent right atrial cannulation and received blood cardioplegia. In each case, cardioplegia was administered antegrade via the aortic root. Plasma [K+], MAP, and hemoglobin concentration (Hb) were measured over an 8-min period following cardioplegia administration (pilot studies indicated pressure changes occuring post cardioplegia administration up to this time). The combination of bi-caval cannulation and crystalloid cardioplegia (Group A) was associated with the least increase in plasma [K+] and no decrease in MAP. The maximum [K+] for this Group was 4.2 mmol/L (4.6% increase). The minimum mean pressure was 57 mmHg (13.6% increase). Both right atrial cannulation groups (B and C) showed a large rise in plasma [K+] and a decrease in MAP. Group B maximum [K+] was 5.2 mmol/L (27.5% increase), Group C was also 5.2 mmol/L (26.0% increase). Group C showed the largest pressure decrease, the minimum mean pressure was 45 mmHg (21.3% decrease). The Group B minimum mean pressure was 45 mmHg (8.7% decrease). Our results show that patients undergoing CPB operations who are deemed to be at increased risk of suffering adverse effects from hypotensive episodes may benefit from bicaval cannulation and caval snaring, in preference to right atrial cannulation. Crystalloid cardioplegia may be preferable to blood cardioplegia in these cases to maintain the MAP.
Evaluation of Post-Cardiopulmonary Bypass Coagulation Disorders by Differential Diagnosis with a Multichannel Modified Thromboelastogram: A Pilot Investigation
Authors: Koster Andreas , Kukucka Marian , Fischer Thomas , Hetzer Roland , Kuppe Herman
Published: August 2023

We assessed a modified multichannel thromboelastogram for differentiation of the causes of coagulopathy after cardiopulmonary bypass and its suitability as a therapy guide. Thirty adult patients undergoing surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, who revealed a coagulopathy as observed by a prolonged activated clotting time of >150 sec after the application of protamine, were enrolled. Therapy was based on the results obtained by the computerized four-channel thromboelastogram with baseline, heparinase (2 IU/mL), heparinase/abciximab (5 µg/mL), and heparinase/fresh frozen plasma (25%) channels.

The mean activated clotting time before therapy was 162.2 ± 7.8 sec. Based on differential diagnosis with the modified multichannel thromboelastogram, two patients received protamine (30 mg), five desmopressin (0.4 µg/kg), 19 patients three units of fresh frozen plasma, two patients platelet transfusions, and two patients both protamine (30 mg) and three units of fresh frozen plasma. After therapy, there was a significant (p < .01) decrease of the activated clotting time to a mean value of 127 ± 8.3 sec. Therapy based on the synoptic modified multichannel thromboelastogram analysis provides a guide for effective therapy of coagulopathy. However, elaboration is desirable, and larger clinical trials are necessary for a final evaluation of the protocol.
Der Kreißsaal: ein Ort, an dem „lex“ und
„ars“ aufeinandertreffen
Authors: Singer Dominique
Published: August 2023

Sucht man nach den Ursprüngen des Ausdrucks lege artis, so
stößt man auf die „peinliche“ (von lat.
poena=Strafe) Gerichtsordnung Kaiser Karls des V. von 1532, auch Constitutio
Criminalis Carolina genannt, die als erstes allgemeines deutsches Strafgesetzbuch
gilt. Hier wird demjenigen Arzt eine Strafe angedroht, der aus
„unfleiß oder unkunst und doch unfürsetzlich jemandt mit
seyner arzney tödtet“. Damit war der Begriff des Kunstfehlers
bereits vorgezeichnet, der rund 350 Jahre später von Rudolf Virchow
geprägt wurde und sich anfangs hauptsächlich auf einen
„Mangel an gehöriger Aufmerksamkeit oder Vorsicht“
bezog.1 Heutzutage wird meist von einem Behandlungsfehler
gesprochen und als solcher vor allem bezeichnet, was gegen die allgemein anerkannten
Regeln der medizinischen Wissenschaft verstößt – womit der
ärztlichen „Kunst“ (ars), wenn man sie denn als
solche verstanden haben will, definitiv ihr gesetzlich-regulativer Rahmen
(lex) vorgegeben ist.
Early Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Using Placental
Strain Elastography and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Thickness
Authors: Şengül Mustafa , Selim Halime Şen
Published: August 2023

Aim The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of placental
strain ratio values measured by real-time sonoelastography and maternal
subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness measured by two-dimensional
ultrasonography in predicting gestational diabetes mellitus in the first
trimester.

Materials and methods The population of the study consisted of the first
210 consecutive singleton pregnant women who applied for routine first-trimester
screening between the 11th and 14th week of gestation.B-mode subcutaneous
adipose tissue thickness sonography and real-time placental strain elastography
scanning were performed.All patients underwent 75 g oral glucose
tolerance test between the 24th and 28th week of gestation. American Diabetes
Association criteria were used in the diagnosis of gestational diabetes
mellitus.

Results It was observed that body mass index (p<0.001),
first-trimester fasting blood sugar (p<0.001), subcutaneous adipose
tissue thickness (p<0.001), and placental strain ratio value
(p<0.001) affected the development of gestational diabetes mellitus
statistically. The multivariate analysis shown that subcutaneous adipose tissue
thickness (odds ratio=1.271, 95% CI=1.142–1.416,
p<0.001) and placental strain ratio value (odds ratio=3.664,
95% CI=1.927–6.969, p<0.001) were the
independent risk factors affecting the development of gestational diabetes
mellitus.

Conclusions The findings of this study indicated a positive correlation
between 75 g oral glucose tolerance test application and first trimester
subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness and placental strain ratio. Using the
cut-off values of>11.5 mm for subcutaneous adipose tissue
and>0.986 for placental strain ratio, the development of gestational
diabetes mellitus may be predicted in the early weeks of pregnancy.
Patient Adherence Following Knee Surgery: Evidence-Based Practices to Equip Patients for Success
Authors: Rucinski Kylee , Njai Abdoulie , Stucky Renée , Crecelius Cory R. , Cook James L.
Published: August 2023

Patient adherence with postoperative wound care, activity restrictions, rehabilitation, medication, and follow-up protocols is paramount to achieving optimal outcomes following knee surgery. However, the ability to adhere to prescribed postoperative protocols is dependent on multiple factors both in and out of the patient's control. The goals of this review article are (1) to outline key factors contributing to patient nonadherence with treatment protocols following knee surgery and (2) to synthesize current management strategies and tools for optimizing patient adherence in order to facilitate efficient and effective implementation by orthopaedic health care teams. Patient adherence is commonly impacted by both modifiable and nonmodifiable factors, including health literacy, social determinants of health, patient fear/stigma associated with nonadherence, surgical indication (elective vs. traumatic), and distrust of physicians or the health care system. In addition, health care team factors, such as poor communication strategies or failure to follow internal protocols, and health system factors, such as prior authorization delays, staffing shortages, or complex record management systems, impact patient's ability to be adherent. Because the majority of factors found to impact patient adherence are nonmodifiable, it is paramount that health care teams adjust to better equip patients for success. For health care teams to successfully optimize patient adherence, focus should be paid to education strategies, individualized protocols that consider patient enablers and barriers to adherence, and consistent communication methodologies for both team and patient-facing communication.
TransOrbital NeuroEndoscopic Surgery for Biopsy of the Left Cavernous Sinus: A Literature Review, Case Report, and Cadaveric Proof of Concept
Authors: Frontera Natasha L. , Rosado-Philippi Julio , Díaz Francisco Del Valle , Díaz Alejandra Santiago , Medina Adriana Vázquez , Figueroa Arnaldo , González Natalia , Pradilla Gustavo , Garzón Tomas , Rodríguez Julio , Tarrats Luisam , Valle Miguel Mayol del
Published: August 2023

The aim of this report is to describe TransOrbital NeuroEndoscopic Surgery (TONES) as a safe alternative for obtaining a cavernous sinus (CS) biopsy. We describe this technique in a patient with a diffuse large B cell lymphoma mimicking Tolosa–Hunt's syndrome. Articles were gathered querying PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases with terms related to a “transorbital neuroendoscopic approach.” The literature search was performed by two independent authors (N.L.F. and J.R.), with inconsistencies resolved by the senior author (M.M.D.V.). After screening abstracts for relevance, full-length articles were reviewed for pertinent variables. A comparison was conducted with the illustrative case of a 69-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with vertigo, ophthalmoplegia, and diplopia for 2 months. A brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed an infiltrative lesion at the left CS. A presumptive diagnosis of Tolosa–Hunt syndrome was made, but a confirmatory biopsy was performed using TONES. Based on our cadaveric study, literature review, and case report, the TONES approach was safe, effective for tissue diagnosis, and associated with minor morbidity and reduced hospital stay. Additional prospective studies are required to study its viability and safety in a larger group of patients.
Zinc-Mediated C–H Metalations in Modern Organic Synthesis
Authors: Barker Graeme , Wanic Daria K. , Melvin Rebecca
Published: August 2023

C–H Deprotometalations have long occupied a key role in modern organic synthesis in both the research laboratory and pharmaceutical and fine chemical manufacture, thanks to readily accessible reagents and well-established procedures. Typically, organolithiums are the reagent of choice thanks to high reactivity and ease of use but these are incompatible with base- and nucleophile-sensitive functional groups. In comparison, organozinc base complexes offer a milder approach to deprotonative C–H functionalisations, and compatibility with a wide range of functionalities which would be problematic when using the alternative organolithium or organomagnesium reagents has now been demonstrated. Here, we review the current state of the art in zinc-mediated C–H metalations at substituted arenes, heteroarenes, and Csp3–H sites.

1 Introduction

2 Csp2–H Functionalisation Using Zinc Bases

2.1 Functionalised Arenes

2.2 Heterocycles

3 Csp3–H Functionalisation Using Zinc Bases

3.1 Zinc Enolate Formation: Traditional Approach

3.2 Zinc Enolate Formation via Zinc Bases

3.3 Non-Enolic Csp3–H Zincations

4 Conclusion
Recent Developments on the Synthesis of Sulfoxides via Sulfenate Anions
Authors: Saito Fumito
Published: August 2023

Since the early 2000s, novel synthetic methods for the preparation of sulfoxides have emerged that involve sulfenate anions as sulfur nucleophiles. This short review showcases key advances in these sulfenate protocols, including catalytic enantioselective alkylation and arylation, and provides future directions for this research field.

1 Introduction

2 Precursors of Sulfenate Anions

3 Organocatalytic Enantioselective Alkylation of Sulfenate Anions

4 Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation of Sulfenate Anions

5 Coupling of Sulfenate Anions with Hypervalent Iodine Reagents

6 Conclusions and Outlook