bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex‐specific effects of PET‐MPs onDrosophilalifespan
Authors: Liang Boying , Zhang Dake , Liu Xingyou , Xu Yifan , Tang Hao , Li Yan , Shen Jie
Published: May 2022

In recent years, as an emerging pollutant, microplastic (MPs) pollution is gradually becoming a research hotspot. MPs are ubiquitous in the entire ecological environment. Organisms can be exposed to MPs via inhalation or ingestion. In view of the widespread of MPs pollution, the impact of MPs on biology should be further investigated. In previous experiments, we have conducted research on the physiology ofDrosophilaexposed to polyethylene terephthalate microplastics (PET‐MPs). However, will the lifespan ofDrosophilabe affected under long‐term PET‐MPs exposure? The analysis of variance analysis of our experimental results indicates that there are significant differences between males and females,F(1, 895) = 68.19,p < 0.001, between PET‐MPs concentration,F(3, 895) = 8.11,p < 0.001. There are also significant interactions between sex and MP concentration,F(3, 895) = 4.00,p < 0.01. For Cox and log‐rank test, 1 g/L of PET‐MPs prolongs the lifespan of male flies. The reason for this phenomenon may be the hormesis effect.
Comparative Genetic Analysis of Psoriatic Arthritis and Psoriasis for the Discovery of Genetic Risk Factors and Risk Prediction Modeling
Authors: Soomro Mehreen , Stadler Michael , Dand Nick , Bluett James , Jadon Deepak , Jalali‐najafabadi Farideh , Duckworth Michael , Ho Pauline , Marzo‐Ortega Helena , Helliwell Philip S. , Ryan Anthony W. , Kane David , Korendowych Eleanor , Simpson Michael A. , Packham Jonathan , McManus Ross , Gabay Cem , Lamacchia Céline , Nissen Michael J. , Brown Matthew A. , Verstappen Suzanne M. M. , Van Staa Tjeerd , Barker Jonathan N. , Smith Catherine H. ,   the BADBIR Study Group,   the BSTOP study group, FitzGerald Oliver , McHugh Neil , Warren Richard B. , Bowes John , Barton Anne
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) has a strong genetic component, and the identification of genetic risk factors could help identify the ~30% of psoriasis patients at high risk of developing PsA. Our objectives were to identify genetic risk factors and pathways that differentiate PsA from cutaneous‐only psoriasis (PsC) and to evaluate the performance of PsA risk prediction models.

Methods

Genome‐wide meta‐analyses were conducted separately for 5,065 patients with PsA and 21,286 healthy controls and separately for 4,340 patients with PsA and 6,431 patients with PsC. The heritability of PsA was calculated as a single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)–based heritability estimate (h2SNP) and biologic pathways that differentiate PsA from PsC were identified using Priority Index software. The generalizability of previously published PsA risk prediction pipelines was explored, and a risk prediction model was developed with external validation.

Results

We identified a novel genome‐wide significant susceptibility locus for the development of PsA on chromosome 22q11 (rs5754467;P = 1.61 × 10−9), and key pathways that differentiate PsA from PsC, including NF‐κB signaling (adjustedP = 1.4 × 10−45) and Wnt signaling (adjustedP = 9.5 × 10−58). The heritability of PsA in this cohort was found to be moderate (h2SNP = 0.63), which was similar to the heritability of PsC (h2SNP = 0.61). We observed modest performance of published classification pipelines (maximum area under the curve 0.61), with similar performance of a risk model derived using the current data.

Conclusion

Key biologic pathways associated with the development of PsA were identified, but the investigation of risk classification revealed modest utility in the available data sets, possibly because many of the PsC patients included in the present study were receiving treatments that are also effective in PsA. Future predictive models of PsA should be tested in PsC patients recruited from primary care.
Existence and controllability of second‐order nonlinear retarded integro‐differential systems with multiple delays in control
Authors: Haq Abdul
Published: May 2022

This work analyzes the existence and exact controllability of nonlinear second‐order retarded integro‐differential equations involving delays in control. Making use of fixed point principle and cosine family we determine the existence of solutions. Then, under some assumptions, we show that the controllability of the associated linear system without delay implies the controllability of the associated linear delay system and the actual system by applying an iterative technique. To illustrate the results, we introduce an example.
State space construction for continuous time transfer function matrices via Nerode equivalence
Authors: Liu Jing , French Mark , Fang Li‐Ping
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we show that a minimal state space realization in Jordan canonical form for linear multivariable continuous‐time systems described by rational transfer function matrices could be obtained in a natural and basic way by using the concept of Nerode equivalence. While the minimal state space realization is known, the contribution of this note is to provide an alternative realization procedure which is directly introduced in a simple and self‐contained manner. Both scalar and multivariable cases in the continuous‐time setting are discussed. The presentation also provides a concrete construction of rational vector function with preassigned poles to interpolate any 2‐norm bounded analytical vector function in the open left‐half of the complex plane. The basic idea of Nerode equivalence is that the state can be identified with a corresponding equivalence class of inputs. For a linear finite dimensional time‐invariant continuous‐time system, the zero state is identified with the kernel of certain Hankel operator. This characterization via Nerode equivalence class sheds light on the construction of state for general nonlinear input–output systems.
Parametric design of functional observer for second‐order linear time‐varying systems
Authors: Gu Da‐Ke , Sun Li‐Song , Liu Yin‐Dong
Published: May 2022

This note constructs a functional observer for second‐order linear time‐varying (SOLTV) systems under framework of second‐order systems. Based on the assumption that the SOLTV system is observable, sufficient conditions for the existence of a second‐order functional observer are proposed. Combined with the solution of generalized Sylvester equation (GSE), the completely parameterized expressions of coefficient matrices of functional observer are proposed, which includes the free parameters representing degrees of freedom, and can be utilized to achieve some additional performance. Further, the design procedure is put forward, whose validity is verified through an example.
Altered hippocampal volume and functional connectivity in patients with Cushing's disease
Authors: Li Chuqi , Zhang Yanyang , Wang Wenxin , Zhou Tao , Yu Xinguang , Tao Hong
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Stress‐related brain disorders can be associated with glucocorticoid disturbance and hippocampal alteration. However, it remains largely unknown how cortisol affects the structure and function of hippocampus. Cushing's disease (CD) provides a unique “hyperexpression model” to explore the effects of excessive cortisol on hippocampus as well as the relation between these effects and neuropsychological deficits.

Methods

We acquired high‐resolution T1‐weighted and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging in 47 CD patients and 53 healthy controls. We obtained the volume and functional connectivity of the hippocampal rostral and caudal subregions in both groups. Relationships between hippocampal alterations, neuroendocrine, and neuropsychological assessments were identified.

Results

Relative to control subjects, the CD patients had smaller volumes of all four hippocampal subregions. Furthermore, whole brain resting‐state functional connectivity analyses with these four different hippocampal regions as seeds revealed altered hippocampal functional connectivity with high‐order networks, involving the DMN, frontoparietal, and limbic networks in CD patients. The intrinsic hippocampal functional connectivity was associated with the quality of life of the CD patients.

Conclusions

Our findings elucidate the cumulative effect of excess cortisol on the morphology and function of hippocampus and reinforce the need for effective interventions in stress‐related brain disease to halt potential hippocampal damage.
Epidemiological profile and clinical characteristics of 491 Brazilian patients with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Darrigo Junior Luiz Guilherme , Ferraz Victor Evangelista de Faria , Cormedi Marina Candido Visontai , Araujo Luissa Hikari Hayashi , Magalhães Mariana Prado Silva , Carneiro Rafaella Curis , Sales Luis Henrique Nunes , Suchmacher Mendel , Cunha Karin Soares , Filho Aguinaldo Bonalumi , Azulay David Rubem , Geller Mauro
Published: May 2022

Background

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a chronic and progressive autosomal dominant genetic and sporadic disease characterized by cutaneous and neurological abnormalities. Plexiform neurofibroma (PN), a significant cause of clinical complications in NF‐1, is a benign tumor of the peripheral nerve sheath that involves multiple nerve fascicles. Although there is an important number of patients who are affected by NF1 in Brazil, there is little data on the behavior of the disease in the national literature as well as in other low‐ and middle‐income countries.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of 491 patients with NF1 followed at two reference centers in Brazil.

Results

Approximately 38% of patients had PNs, resulting in reduced life quality. The median patient age with PNs was 30 years (range: 6 to 83 years). Head and neck, and extremity were the main affected locations with 35.8 and 30.6%, respectively. PNs were classified as asymptomatic in 25.1% of patients, while 52.5% presented symptomatic and inoperable tumors. The most common manifestations related to PNs were disfigurement and orthopedic involvement. Twenty patients developed neoplasms and ten (50%) presented with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST). The prevalence of MPNST in our study was 2.9%.

Conclusions

Patients with NF1 experience clinically significant morbidity, especially when it is associated with PN. Though there are many patients affected by NF1 in Brazil and other low‐ and middle‐income countries, there is little data available in the corresponding literature. Our results are comparable to the previous results reported from higher‐income countries and international registries.
DSM revisions: Updates for racial/gender concepts, ASD, NSSI, DMDD, and PTSD
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2022

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM‐5‐TR) released in March includes some updates that affect youth. This is the manual that clinicians use for coding, the system by which insurance companies pay — sometimes — for psychiatric treatment.
Utility of coronary orbital atherectomy with guide‐extension system for distally located undilatable in‐stent restenosis: A case report
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Sawada Takahiro , Takaya Tomofumi , Kawai Hiroya
Published: May 2022

Orbital atherectomy (OA) may be effective in managing undilatable in‐stent restenosis (ISR) despite off‐label indications. We demonstrated that optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI)‐guided OA, with a guide‐extension system was effective even in distally located, undilatable ISR. However, OFDI revealed that inter‐struts calcified neoatherosclerosis remained a challenging issue.
Consequences of Intrapore Liquids on Reactivity, Selectivity, and Stability for Aldol Condensation Reactions on Anatase TiO2 Catalysts
Authors: Kadam Shashikant A. , Hwang Andrew , Iglesia Enrique
Published: May 2022

This study provides evidence and mechanistic interpretations for the significant consequences of intrapore non‐polar liquids on acetone aldol condensation turnover rates, selectivity to primary dimer products, and catalyst stability for reactions at Lewis acid‐base site pairs on TiO2 surfaces. These non‐polar liquids confer such benefits through the preferential stabilization of transition states (TS) for adsorption (“entry”) and desorption (“exit”) steps, which place their respective reactants or products within a solvating outer sphere environment. The extent to which non‐polar fluids (n‐heptane) form an intrapore liquid phase within TiO2 voids was obtained from N2 uptakes using established formalisms that consider the different molal volume, surface tension, and volatility between N2 and n‐heptane. Acetone condensation rates are limited by C−H activation, an “entry” step that forms bound prop‐1‐en‐2‐olates via a TS stabilized by intrapore liquids, leading to higher aldol condensation turnover rates as n‐heptane pressure increases and active TiO2 surfaces become increasingly immersed within a non‐polar liquid phase. These liquids solvate the late TS structures that mediate the desorption of primary C6 condensation products even more effectively than those involved in prop‐1‐en‐2‐olate formation or in nucleophilic attack events that later form C−C bonds. Such preferential solvation favors desorption over C−C coupling events, thus disfavoring the formation of larger oligomers that become stranded at active sites, thus leading to much slower deactivation. Moreover, solvation by non‐polar liquids also leads to C6 alkanones as the sole products formed in a single surface sojourn. These effects of a non‐polar dense phase circumvent the inherent stability, reactivity, and selectivity hurdles that have precluded practical aldol condensation catalysis on Lewis acid‐base pairs at oxide surfaces; these consequences are demonstrated here for TiO2 catalysts, acetone aldol condensation reactions, and n‐heptane as the non‐polar liquid but through strategies, concepts, and mechanistic features that extend to other systems. More generally, these observations and their mechanistic origins demonstrate how a contacting liquid preferentially solvates TS structures for elementary steps that involve either reactants arriving from or products entering into an outer sphere environment that contains a dense non‐polar phase.
4‐Fluorophenylsulfonylacetonitrile as an Electrolyte Additive for Improving the High‐Voltage Performance of LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2 Cathode Batteries
Authors: Wu Qian , Li Jianmei , Sheng Yu , Tong Qingsong
Published: May 2022

High‐nickel ternary materials have attracted attention as advanced cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their high energy density and low cost. However, the side reactions between carbonate‐based electrolytes and cathode materials under high voltages remain the most significant obstacle to the further application of high‐nickel LIBs. To develop superior LIBs, 4‐fluorobenzenesulfonylacetonitrile (FPSAN) is proposed as a new electrolyte additive to enhance the safety of high‐nickel LIBs. The results demonstrate that the easily decomposed FPSAN can form a protective film on the cathode surface, thereby improving the cycling stability and rate performance of the Li/LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2 half‐cells. The FPSAN additive can also maintain the spinel shape of the LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2 cathode particles. These results indicate that the FPSAN electrolyte additive can facilitate the application of high‐performance LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2 cells.
Direct and Asymmetric Aldol Reactions of N‐Azidoacetyl‐1,3‐thiazolidine‐2‐thione Catalyzed by Chiral Nickel(II) Complexes. A New Approach to the Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy‐α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Teloxa Saul F. , Mellado‐Hidalgo Miguel , Kennington Stuart C. D. , Romea Pedro , Urpí Fèlix , Aullón Gabriel , Font‐Bardia Mercè
Published: May 2022

A direct and asymmetric triisopropylsilyltrifluoromethanesulfonate (TIPSOTf) mediated aldol reaction of N‐azidoacetyl‐1,3‐thiazolidine‐2‐thione with aromatic aldehydes catalyzed by a chiral nickel(II)‐Tol‐BINAP complex has been developed (BINAP=2,2’‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐1,1’‐binaphthyl). The catalytic protocol gives the corresponding anti α‐azido‐β‐silyloxy adducts with outstanding stereocontrol and in high yields. Theoretical calculations account for the stereochemical outcome of the reaction and lay the foundations for a mechanistic model. In turn, the easy removal of the thiazolidinethione yields a wide array of enantiomerically pure derivatives in a straightforward and efficient manner. Such a noteworthy character of the heterocyclic scaffold together with the appropriate manipulation of the azido group open a new route to the synthesis of di‐ and tripeptide blocks containing a β‐aryl‐β‐hydroxy‐α‐amino acid.
From Fluorescent Probes to the Theranostics Platform
Authors: Wei Peng , Wang Qing , Yi Tao
Published: May 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Since the advent of fluorescent probes, they have been widely used in the field of life sciences. Fluorescent probes can not only light up the cells, tissues and organs, but also be used to explore the bio‐distribution of specific types of disease markers. Therefore, the development of new fluorescent probes capable of recognition of bio‐markers is extremely important for the diagnosis of the related diseases. Herein, we focus on our recent works experienced the evolution from the beginning of simply fluorescent probes to the construction of theranostics platform. We have developed a series of new fluorescent probes for the detecting and imaging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and specific enzymes in vitro and in living cells. With the shift of the fluorescence signal from visible to near‐infrared region, we expanded the application of the fluorescent probes from in vitro to in vivo. Very recently, we further constructed theranostics platforms to combine the diagnosis immediately with the corresponding treatment.

What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?

Development of new responsive fluorescent molecules and using them as tools to study physiological and pathological processes of specific biomolecules.

How do you get into this specific field?

My original major is inorganic chemistry. Influenced by Prof. Chunhui Huang (academician), I was interested in fluorescent materials. The flowery color of fluorescent material itself and its important applications in the field of biological probes and imaging are also touched me deeply.

What are your hobbies?

Reading and travelling.

How do you supervise your students?

For the new students, I will ask them to understand the relevant direction of the research group first. According to students' backgrounds, I will propose concerned topics and encourage them to obtain relevant research plans and methods through literature research and group discussion.

How do you keep balance between research and family?

I spend as much spare time as possible with my family.

Who influences you mostly in your life?

Prof. Chunhui Huang and Prof. Song Gao, who are my supervisors of Master and PhD course, respectively.
Construction of compact two‐port throne‐shaped antenna with dual stopbands and high isolation for Ultrawideband Multiple‐Input Multiple‐Output wireless communication systems
Authors: Agarwal Megha , Dhanoa Jasdeep Kaur , Khandelwal Mukesh Kumar
Published: May 2022

A throne‐shaped compact ultrawideband (UWB) two‐port multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna operating from 2.9 to 11.5 GHz is introduced. Dual‐band rejections are created at the center frequency of 5.5 and 7.5 GHz by embedding U‐slot on the feedline and split ring resonator (SRR) on the ground plane to eliminate interference with narrowband systems of these frequencies, respectively. Low mutual coupling of −22 dB is obtained almost throughout the full band by etching a rectangular slot in a cone‐shaped stub. Procedures for achieving the UWB band as well as two stopbands are discussed in detail. Current distribution, gain and radiation pattern for the proposed antenna are also studied. Peak gain of 2.51 dBi and radiation efficiency greater than 73% is obtained. Diversity parameters confirming the MIMO characteristics are also investigated. Experimental results are obtained through a practical model in the anechoic chamber to validate the simulations.
Employing Ammonia for Diverse Amination Reactions: Recent Developments of Abundantly Available and Challenging Nitrogen Sources
Authors: Verma Rahul , Jing Yaru , Liu Honghu , Aggarwal Varun , Kumar Goswami Harish , Bala Ekta , Ke Zhuofeng , Kumar Verma Praveen
Published: May 2022

Ammonia is the simplest molecule for the installation of nitrogen atom in organic compounds. It is abundantly available, economic and highly attractive from the point of atom economy for its use in organic synthesis, however, an highly challenging task for accessing the nitrogenous scaffolds through N−H activation of ammonia. With the advancement of synthetic procedures, scientific community continually developing excellent reactions employing ammonia as a source of nitrogen for various types of amination reactions and accomplishing the synthesis of nitrogenous compounds. This Review provides recent developments in amination reactions employing ammonia as a nitrogen source at a single platform.
Mapping riverbed sediment size from Sentinel‐2 satellite data
Authors: Marchetti Giulia , Bizzi Simone , Belletti Barbara , Lastoria Barbara , Comiti Francesco , Carbonneau Patrice Enrique
Published: May 2022

A comprehensive understanding of river dynamics requires the grain size distribution of bed sediments and its variation across different temporal and spatial scales. Several techniques are already available for grain size assessment based on field and remotely sensed data. However, the existing methods are only applicable on small spatial scales and on short time scales. Thus, the operational measurement of grain size distribution of riverbed sediments at the catchment scale remains an open problem. A solution could be the use of satellite images as the main imaging platform. However, this would entail retrieving information at sub‐pixel scales.

In this study, we propose a new approach to retrieve sub‐pixel scale grain size class information from Copernicus Sentinel‐2 imagery building upon a new image‐based grain size mapping procedure. Three Italian gravel‐bed rivers featuring different morphologies were selected for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) acquisitions, field surveys and laboratory analysis meant to serve as ground truth grain size data, ranging from medium sand to coarse gravel. Grain size maps on the river bars were generated in each study site by exploiting image texture measurements, upscaled and co‐registered with Sentinel‐2 data resolution.

Relationships between the grain sizes measured and the reflectance values in Sentinel‐2 imagery were analysed using a machine learning framework. Results show statistically significant predictive models (MAE of ±8.34 mm and R2 = 0.92). The trained model was applied on 300 km of the Po River in Italy and allowed us to identify the gravel–sand transition occurring along this river length.

Therefore, the approach presented here—based on freely available satellite data calibrated by low‐cost drone‐derived imagery—represents a promising step towards an automated surface mean grain size mapping over long river length, easily repeated through time for monitoring purposes.
9‐epi‐Artemisinin – How a Single Stereo Center Affects Chemical Reactivity under Reductive Conditions
Authors: Kweku Anokwah Daniel , Furet Pascal , Denay Regis , Kotoni Dorina , Bixel Dominique , Allmendinger Thomas
Published: May 2022

9‐epi‐Artemisinin occurs as a minor by‐product when artemisinin is obtained from natural or semi‐synthetic sources. The preparation of β‐artemether from artemisinin by reduction with sodium borohydride proceeds normally even when the 9‐epimer is present. However, the 9‐epimer undergoes rearrangement to peroxy acetals. The results are ascribed to the different stabilities of the corresponding dihydro‐intermediates due to steric hindrance as suggested by quantum mechanical calculations.
Riding the wave to recovery: Relational energy as an HR managerial resource for employees during crisis recovery
Authors: Sumpter Dana McDaniel , Gibson Cristina B.
Published: May 2022

Human resource (HR) managers play a critical role in supporting workers during organizational crisis recovery, but this support is hampered when employee energy is drained during difficult times. We develop relational theory and practical suggestions to address how employees can generate energy from interpersonal interactions in a post‐crisis context. Drawing from interviews, field observations, and archival data of interpersonal interactions in the surf and boardsport industry in the wake of the Global Financial Crisis, we investigated individual energetic contributions and the process which generated relational energy, defined as psychological resourcefulness generated from interpersonal interactions that enhances work capacity. Our analysis revealed that in the aftermath of a crisis, employees generated relational energy by engaging in processes of perspective taking and interpersonal adjustment while engaging in crisis‐recovery work. This was particularly true when their personal contributions to the interactions were negative or neutral in valence and of low intensity. This is in contrast to assumptions in the literature and industry cultural norms, but was essential to fueling interdependent work efforts during crisis recovery. These findings extend and refine theory on energy at work to help inform HR practice by developing understanding of how the energy generated from other people can be an important resource to help sustain crisis recovery, and how HR managers can support these processes.
Proving and improving the reliability of infant research with neuroadaptive Bayesian optimization
Authors: Gui Anna , Throm Elena V. , da Costa Pedro F. , Haartsen Rianne , Leech Robert , Jones Emily J. H.
Published: May 2022

The field of infant research is not immune from the reproducibility crisis in cognitive science and psychology. In their recent methodological article, Byers‐Heinlein et al. (2021) invited infant researchers to commit to produce robust findings by reporting reliability metrics for their variables of interest, improving data quality and quantity, and moving towards more sophisticated paradigms and analyses. We present a novel artificial intelligence‐enriched individualized approach that, in our view, is particularly promising to shed new light on infant and child development and promote good research practice in the field; neuroadaptive Bayesian optimization (NBO). NBO is a transformative method where the collected brain or behavioural data are processed in real time and used to identify the stimuli that maximize the individual's response. Applying NBO to infant research goes in the direction proposed by Byers‐Heinlein et al. (2021) and further, the method requires careful a priori choices that effectively correspond to preregistering the experimental design and analytic pipeline. In this commentary, we examine how the NBO approach embeds the six proposed solutions for more reliable infant research, encouraging transparency of the planned analyses and robustness of findings.
Sulfur‐containing polymer cathode materials: From energy storage mechanism to energy density
Authors: Zou Rong , Liu Wenwu , Ran Fen
Published: May 2022

Besides lithium‐ion batteries, it is imperative to develop new battery energy storage system with high energy density. In conjunction with the development of Li‐S batteries, emerging sulfur‐containing polymers with tunable sulfur‐chain length and organic groups gradually attract much attention as cathode materials. This can avoid the problems that are impeding the development of the typical Li‐S batteries, such as volume expansion, active material dissolution, shuttle effect, and so on. This review aims to generalize the type of sulfur‐containing polymers and the working principles in Li‐S batteries. The sulfur‐containing polymers (R‐Sn‐R) with different sulfur‐chain length (n > 6, n ≤ 2, and 3 ≤ n ≤ 6) are summarized. It also discusses several organic groups such as phenyl rings, N‐heterocycles, and unique structure with cross‐linked networks and multi‐micropores skeleton. This review also explores other strategies of sulfur‐containing polymers in the rest of Li‐S batteries, providing a summary of the advantages of sulfur‐containing polymers, recent development, in‐depth discussion of the mechanism in Li‐S batteries, and organic group‐structure‐performance relationship. This review would have guidelines for future development of sulfur‐containing polymers in Li‐S batteries.

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CEO firm‐related wealth, managerial horizon, and earnings management
Authors: Ngo Anh , Guha Sanjib , Pham Chuong , Chung Philip
Published: May 2022

This paper examines the effects of the managerial horizon, CEO pay‐performance sensitivity, and CEO firm‐related wealth on earnings management. Using two measures of pay‐performance sensitivity (CEODelta and CEOVega) in our regression analysis, we find that CEO pay‐performance sensitivity significantly affects earnings management in the early years of the CEO's services, not in retirement years. We further examine the earnings management behavior surrounding the retirement years and find that the pay‐performance sensitivity of CEO compensation is negatively associated with earnings management. Furthermore, the closer the retirement year, the lower level of earnings management observed in our sample. Finally, we further examine whether the CEOs’ firm‐related wealth affects earnings management during CEO tenure and find that CEO's firm‐related wealth also has a pronounced effect on earnings management during the CEO tenure.
Corporate site visits and financial report quality
Authors: Xu Hongkang , Dao Mai , Sun Hua
Published: May 2022

This study examines the association between corporate site visits and visited firms’ financial reporting quality. Using a sample of publicly listed firms in China for the years 2009 through 2018 and four different measures of financial reporting quality, we find that firms receiving more site visits have higher financial reporting quality. Specifically, we find that corporate site visits are associated with a lower level of accrual‐based earnings management and a lower likelihood of financial violations and financial restatements. Moreover, we document a positive association between corporate site visits and the evaluation of earnings disclosure quality. We also find some evidence that the positive association between site visits and financial reporting quality is more pronounced among firms with greater institutional ownership and among state‐owned enterprises. Taken together, our findings underscore the monitoring role of corporate site visits in enhancing visited firms’ financial reporting quality. This research could be of interest to regulators and institutional investors by providing insight into assessing the benefits of selective access events that may influence the quality of financial reports.
Examining the role of brooding, distress, and negative urgency in dysregulated behaviors: A cross‐sectional study in treatment‐seeking young people
Authors: Borg Dana , Hall Kate , Youssef George J. , Sloan Elise , Graeme Liam , Moulding Richard
Published: May 2022

Objective

Dysregulated behaviors including substance use, disordered eating, and nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) have significant negative implications for individuals and health systems. It is therefore paramount to understand factors influencing behavioral dysregulation, to inform prevention and treatment approaches. The literature suggests that distress and rumination (brooding) prompt individuals to engage in behavioral dysregulation for distraction (Emotional Cascade Model), although these concepts have limited investigation in clinical, treatment‐seeking samples, particularly alongside negative urgency. This cross‐sectional study sought to examine the relationships of brooding, distress, and negative urgency with behavioral dysregulation, as well as the moderating effect of negative urgency between brooding and behavioral dysregulation, in treatment‐seeking young people.

Method

A total of 385 treatment‐seeking young people completed cross‐sectional, self‐report measures of distress, rumination, negative urgency, and engagement in dysregulated behaviors (NSSI, alcohol use, drug use, binge eating, and purging) over the past 1−3 months.

Results

Structural equation modeling revealed that only negative urgency, and not brooding or distress, had a significant positive relationship with behavioral dysregulation. Negative urgency did not significantly moderate the relationship between brooding and behavioral dysregulation.

Conclusions

These findings reinforce the importance of considering negative urgency in the conceptualization, prevention, and treatment of behavioral dysregulation, and contribute to the knowledge of the relationship between brooding and various dysregulated behaviors within a treatment‐seeking sample.
Experiences with police in the community: Racial/ethnic differences in negative encounters and coping reactions
Authors: Algrim Kaylise , Herrera Carolina , Blanc Taisha , Boxer Paul
Published: May 2022

Aims

This investigation explores police encounters and police‐related coping responses, and the extent to which these relations are impacted by race/ethnicity and beliefs about state authority.

Methods

In two large, diverse samples of undergraduates reporting on their recent experiences in the community, race, experiences with police, and views of police were analyzed as predictors for coping with police presence; attitudes about authority were added in the latter study to explore how views of authority affect interpretation of police encounters and later coping.

Results

Negative experiences with police differed by race and consistently predicted coping with police presence. There was a marginal interaction between views of authority and negative experiences with police, with greater stress response at lower levels of authoritarian attitudes.

Conclusions

This report clarifies interactions with police from the civilian perspective. It suggests individual attitudes meaningfully affect interpretation of police encounters and, in line with recent research recommendations, highlights the need to better understand police encounters as stressors, particularly in relation to race and ethnicity.
Deubiquitinating enzyme USP9X regulates metastasis and chemoresistance in triple‐negative breast cancer by stabilizing Snail1
Authors: Guan Tangming , Yang Xiao , Liang Hui , Chen Jiayi , Chen Yan , Zhu Yingjie , Liu Tongzheng
Published: May 2022

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women worldwide. Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive and metastatic subtype that has the characteristics of easy recurrence, poor prognosis as well as lack of targeted therapeutics. Snail1, a key factor regulating epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, contributing to metastasis and chemoresistance in human cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of Snail1 stabilization in cancers is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that the deubiquitinating enzyme USP9X deubiquitinates and stabilizes Snail1, thereby promoting metastasis and chemoresistance. The depletion and pharmacological inhibition of USP9X by WP1130, an inhibitor of USP9X, downregulate endogenous Snail1 protein, inhibit cell migration, invasion, metastasis, and increase cellular sensitivity to cisplatin and paclitaxel both in vitro and in vivo, whereas the reconstitution of Snail1 in cells with USP9X depletion at least partially reverses these phenotypes. Overall, our study establishes the USP9X‐Snail1 axis as an important regulatory mechanism of breast cancer metastasis and chemoresistance and provides a rationale for potential therapeutic interventions in the treatment of TNBC.
Givers eschew gifts that are inferior to their own: How social norms, regulatory focus, and concerns about offending lead givers astray
Authors: Givi Julian , Das Gopal
Published: May 2022

We explore gift givers' and gift recipients' preferences concerning gifts that compare unfavorably to givers' own products. Across eight studies, we demonstrate that givers refrain from giving gifts that compare unfavorably to their own possessions more often than recipients prefer. This effect emerges because givers are more prevention‐focused (less promotion‐focused) than recipients and wish to avoid offending recipients by violating a corresponding social norm that our results suggest is of less concern to those receiving their gift. We find evidence for this two‐stage process through both mediation and moderation. This research adds to the gift giving literature by examining a new type of gifting decision, documenting a novel giver–recipient preference asymmetry, and shedding light on the roles that social norms, regulatory focus, and offensiveness play in gift giving.
The protective role of father behaviour in the relationship between maternal postnatal depression and child mental health
Authors: Martin Alex F. , Maughan Barbara , Jaquiery Matt , Barker Edward D.
Published: May 2022

Background

Maternal depression, especially when severe and long‐lasting, is associated with adverse mental health outcomes in children. We aimed to assess, for children of mothers with persistent postnatal depression symptoms, whether positive father behaviours would decrease risk for conduct and emotional symptoms.

Methods

Using data from 4009, mother–father–child trios from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children we examined associations between maternal depression trajectories and positive father behavioural profiles across the postnatal period (child age: 2–21 months), and child conduct and emotional symptom trajectories across middle childhood (child age: 3.5–11 years).

Results

Positive father behaviour was much less common in families where mothers experienced high‐persistent depression symptoms (33%) than in families where mothers did not (56%); of note, these fathers also had higher levels of depression symptoms. Using person‐level analysis, exposure to high‐persistent maternal depression symptoms increased child risk for a high trajectory of both conduct (odds ratio, 2.69; 95% CI: 2.00, 3.60) and emotional symptoms (odds ratio, 2.47; 95% CI: 1.83, 3.31). However, positive father behaviour (toward child and mother) reduced the odds of following high trajectories of conduct symptoms by 9% (x = 4.52, p < .001) and of emotional symptoms by 10% (x = 4.12, p < .001), even after controlling for father depression symptoms. Using variable‐level analysis, we did not identify an interaction between maternal depression and positive father behaviour. For conduct problems, we identified a direct effect of positive father behaviour and lower conduct problems. For emotional symptoms, father behaviour interacted with child age, where the largest decrease was seen at age 9, when symptoms were highest across the sample.

Conclusions

Positive father behaviour can be protective against chronic mental health problems for children exposed to persistent maternal postnatal depression symptoms.
An experimental analysis of gender‐biased verbal behavior and self‐editing using an online chat analog
Authors: Oda Fernanda S. , Lechago Sarah A. , da Silva Bruno Eneas , Hunt Justin C.
Published: May 2022

The current study investigated the effects of female and male audiences on gender‐biased verbal behavior and self‐editing using an online chat environment analog. The chat analog allowed access to self‐editing behaviors, which are frequently covert, thus providing additional information about verbal episodes. We examined whether the strength and the dimensions of verbal responses differentially varied across the female and male audience conditions using visual inspection and statistical analysis. Participants were 28 typically developing adults. Overt responses were recorded for interrupting, and both overt and covert responses were recorded for disagreeing, pressuring, and self‐editing. Visual inspection revealed differentiated overt and covert disagreeing, pressuring, and interrupting for some participants, while statistical analysis using Fisher's exact test did not reveal significant differences in the dependent variables between audience's perceived gender and participants' gender. Differentiated responding between female and male audiences suggests that perceived gender can exert stimulus control over a speaker's behavior. Although we didn't observe consistent gender‐biased responding for all the participants, our experimental evaluation functions as a proof‐of‐concept study that can encourage the use of this methodology to study complex social behavior.
Not all 3D‐printed bolus is created equal: Variation between 3D‐printed polylactic acid (PLA) bolus samples sourced from external manufacturers
Authors: Brown Kerryn , Kupfer Tom , Harris Benjamin , Penso Sam , Khor Richard , Moseshvili Eka
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a promising material for customised bolus 3D‐printing in radiotherapy, however variations in printing techniques between external manufacturers could increase treatment uncertainties. This study aimed to assess consistency across various 3D‐printed PLA samples from different manufacturers.

Methods

Sample prints of dimensions 5 × 5 × 1 cm with 100% infill were acquired from multiple commercial 3D‐printing services. All samples were CT scanned to determine average Hounsfield unit (HU) values and physical densities. The coefficient of equivalent thickness (CET) was obtained for both photons and electrons and dose attenuation compared to TPS calculations in Elekta Monaco v5.11.

Results

Some samples showed warped edges up to 1.5 mm and extensive internal radiological defects only detectable with CT scanning. Physical densities ranged from 1.06 to 1.22 g cm−3 and HU values ranged from −5.1 to 221.0 HU. Measured CET values varied from 0.95 to 1.17 and TPS dose calculations were consistent with the variation in CET. Electron R50 and R90 shifted by up to 2 mm for every 1 cm of printed bolus, a clinically significant finding. Photon surface dose varied by up to 3%, while depth doses were within 1%.

Conclusions

3D‐printed PLA can have considerable variability in density, HU and CET values between samples and manufacturers. Centres looking to outsource 3D‐printed bolus would benefit from clear, open communication with manufacturers and undertake stringent QA examination prior to implementation into the clinical environment.
The influence of coil parameters and core lamination factor on the performance of an ultrasonic transducer with a tapered core
Authors: Gandomzadeh Danial , Abbaspour‐Fard Mohammad Hossein , Rohani Abbas , Sharifi Mostafa
Published: May 2022

Due to high piezomagnetic coefficient of the synthetic giant magnetostrictive materials, they are able to provide good enough force and displacements for industrial applications. Some natural materials such as nickel also exhibit magnetostrictive properties, but with poor performance, which might be improved by some electromagnetic manipulations. In this study, the effect of different coil parameters such as current, frequency, the number of coil turn, and the core lamination factor in different directions ([X or Y] and Z axes), on the performance of a nickel‐core magnetostrictive transducer is investigated. Since the fluctuation of magnetostrictive force in the longitudinal direction of core (along the Z‐axis) is an important parameter for generating the ultrasonic waves, the results showed that this force fluctuation decreases with increasing frequency. By increasing the lamination factor in the X direction, the fluctuation of magnetostrictive force along the Z‐axis remains constant. However, the ultrasonic performance of the magnetostrictive transducer may be optimized by proper selection of lamination factor along the X‐axis. The relationships between the results were investigated in more detail and presented as linear equations. Based on these equations, it was concluded that current and turn number of coil has the greatest positive impact on the magnetostrictive performance of the transducer, while increasing the frequency and lamination factor have a weakening effect.
Increasing urban and rural population exposures to warm‐season concurrent hot days and nights on the North China Plain
Authors: Wang Anqian , Tao Hui , Wu Quanyuan , Huang Jinlong , Zhang Baolei , Wang Yuyan
Published: May 2022

Based on the daily minimum and maximum temperatures recorded on the North China Plain (NCP), in this research, we define independent hot days (IHDs), independent hot nights (IHNs), and concurrent hot days and nights (CDHNs) and analyse the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of these variables. Moreover, based on demographic data derived from Statistical Yearbooks, the exposure of urban and rural populations to CDHNs was also studied. The results show that on the NCP, the average number of heatwave event days was 33.41, and CDHNs, IHDs, and IHNs accounted for 21.07, 38.59, and 40.34% of this total, respectively. Only IHDs showed a nonsignificant decreasing trend. The annual average exposure rates to CDHNs, IHDs, and IHNs were 13.17, 22.75, and 25.29 million person‐days, respectively, all of which showed significant increasing trends. The proportion of the urban population exposed to CDHNs was only 12% in the 1960s but increased to 58% in the 2010s. Although the exposure of urban and rural populations showed a significant increasing trend on the NCP, the driving factors showed opposite trends. The exposure of urban populations was mainly driven by the population effect, while the exposure of rural populations was mainly caused by climate effects. In this study, we demonstrated a method for assessing the impacts of heatwave events on exposed populations, thus forming a scientific basis for the development of governmental policies regarding climate change adaptations.
Stability of contour augmentation of implant‐supported single crowns in the esthetic zone: One‐year cone‐beam computed tomography results of a comparative, randomized, prospective, two‐center clinical study using two different bone grafting techniques in early implant placement
Authors: Tsai Yu‐Ling , Tsao Jui‐Pin , Wang Chung‐Li , Grodin Evan , Lin Jung‐Jen , Chen Chun‐Jung , Ho Chung‐Han , Cochran David , Mau Jimmy Lian Ping
Published: May 2022

Background

Early implant placement with contour augmentation could provide support and volume to the hard and soft tissues. Herein, we aimed to ascertain whether freeze‐dried bone allograft (FDBA) shares with deproteinized bovine bone material (DBBM) the results for esthetic outcomes for anterior teeth and stability of peri‐implant facial bone thickness and height by conducting guided bone regeneration.

Methods

Forty‐eight patients were randomly assigned into two groups. In the control group, autogenous bone chips was used to cover the exposed implant surface, followed by a layer of DBBM. This graft combination was then covered with two layers of collagen membrane. In the test group, the exposed implant surface was covered with FDBA, combined with the collagen membrane. During this study, the hard tissue dimensional changes were measured at 12‐months post‐implant loading by using cone‐beam computed tomography.

Results

At 12 months postoperatively, all 48 implants were clinically successful. The mean thickness of facial bone walls ranged from 1.6 to 2.45 mm at the three levels of measurement in the control group and ranged from 1.6 to 2.10 mm in the test group. The mean facial vertical bone wall peak (IP‐FC) after loading 1 year presented with values of 0.8 mm (range, 0.0 to 1.25 mm) and 0.5 mm (range, 0.1 to 1.1 mm) coronal to the implant platform in control and test implants, respectively. There were no significant differences in facial bone wall thickness and IP‐FC between groups.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that autogenous bone chips plus DBBM or FDBA showed similar outcome of peri‐implant buccal bone stability in early implant placement after 1 year.