bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emotional and Psychophysiological Responses to Tempo, Mode, and Percussiveness
Authors: van der Zwaag Marjolein D. , Westerink Joyce H. D. M. , van den Broek Egon L.
Published: January 2017

People often listen to music to influence their emotional state. However, the specific musical characteristics which cause this process are not yet fully understood. We have investigated the influence of the musical characteristics of tempo, mode, and percussiveness on our emotions. In a quest towards ecologically valid results, 32 participants listened to 16 pop and 16 rock songs while conducting an office task. They rated experienced arousal, valence, and tension, while skin conductance and cardiovascular responses were recorded. An increase in tempo was found to lead to an increase in reported arousal and tension and a decrease in heart rate variability. More arousal was reported during minor than major mode songs. Level and frequency of skin conductance responses increased with an increase in percussiveness. Physiological responses revealed patterns that might not have been revealed by self-report. Interaction effects further suggest that musical characteristics interplay in modulating emotions. So, tempo, mode, and percussiveness indeed modulate our emotions and, consequently, can be used to direct emotions. Music presentation revealed subtly different results in a laboratory setting, where music was altered with breaks, from those in a more ecologically valid setting where continuous music was presented. All in all, this enhances our understanding of the influence of music on emotions and creates opportunities seamlessly to tap into listeners' emotional state through their physiological responses.
Music's Impact on the Visual Perception of Emotional Dyadic Interactions
Authors: Kaiser Ramona , Keller Peter E.
Published: January 2017

Research showing that emotions can be recognized in point-light displays of human dyadic interactions was extended in the current study by investigating the impact of music on the perception of normal and exaggerated expressions of happiness, contentedness, sadness and anger in such visual stimuli. Sixteen musically untrained participants viewed short video clips of these emotion portrayals, each presented with emotionally compatible (e.g., happy music accompanies a happy interaction) and emotionally incompatible piano music (e.g., sad music accompanies a happy interaction). It was hypothesized that music will increase the accuracy of emotion judgements in displays where auditory and visual information is compatible relative to displays with incompatible audio-visual information. A two-dimensional emotion space was used to record participants' judgements of emotion in only the visual stimuli. Results indicated that music affected the accuracy of emotion judgements. Happiness and sadness were perceived more accurately in compatible than in incompatible conditions, while the opposite was the case for contentedness. Anger was perceived accurately in all conditions. Exaggerated expressions of sadness, which were evaluated more accurately than normal expressions of sadness, were also found to be resistant to the music. These findings can be interpreted in the light of previous research demonstrating that music's cross-modal impact depends on the degree of emotional ambiguity in the visual display. More generally, the results demonstrate that the perception of emotions in biological motion can be affected by music.
Forensic psychotherapy
Authors: Riordan Daniel
Published: January 2017

Objectives:

This paper describes the role forensic psychotherapy has in the assessment and treatment of mentally disordered offender patients, and its role in the supervision of individual therapists, staff groups or whole organisations which contain and manage this patient population.

Conclusions:

Forensic psychotherapy has a valuable role to play in the management of mentally disordered forensic patients. As forensic services continue to develop in Australia and New Zealand and interest in this field continues to grow, then the future of forensic psychotherapy looks bright.
Media Freedom and the Control of Nation’s Sociolegal Problems of Governance: A Conjunctive Analysis of Asymmetric Effects and Multiple Causal Pathways
Authors: Venger Olesya
Published: January 2017

Using secondary data from 164 countries, the current study applies conjunctive analysis to assess asymmetric effects and multiple causal pathways underlying how nations’ level of media freedom influences their human rights protections, control of corruption, and political stability. These analyses reveal that (a) countries with high media freedom are associated with higher scores on each of these measures of effective governance, (b) these “media effects” vary across different socioeconomic contexts and are often asymmetric, and (c) high media freedom is a major component in the multiple conjunctive pathways found among countries with high levels of governance practices, but the conjunctive effect of low media freedom on nation’s likelihood of low governance is less dramatic. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for future research in media studies and using conjunctive methods for exploring causal complexity.
Experience and Medical Decision-Making in Outdoor Leaders
Authors: Galloway Shayne
Published: January 2017

Outdoor leaders function in naturalistic decision-making contexts and may be influenced by personal, social, and environmental factors in making critical decisions in the field. The experience level of the outdoor instructor is posited as a critical variable in the development of his/ her decision-making and overall judgment. This research measures the effect that experience has on medical decision-making in outdoor leaders. It investigates two research questions: (a) Do outdoor leaders of varied experience levels differ in their perception of factors in the decision-making environment?; and (b) Do outdoor leaders with different experience levels vary significantly in their judgments? Decision-making was measured utilizing factorial survey vignettes in a hierarchical linear model. Experience was assessed using experience use history methodology (OLEUH). The sample includes Outward Bound staff (N=103). Data were collected in June 2002. Significant variance was present in both the perceptual threshold and judgment processes for the group cohesion predictor variable. Discussion and implications for future modeling naturalistic decision-making processes are included.
Experience, Reflect, Critique: The End of the “Learning Cycles” Era
Authors: Seaman Jayson
Published: January 2017

According to prevailing models, experiential learning is by definition a stepwise process beginning with direct experience, followed by reflection, followed by learning. It has been argued, however, that stepwise models inadequately explain the holistic learning processes that are central to learning from experience, and that they lack scientific or philosophical foundations. Criticism also centers on the way complex cultural, social, and physical processes during experience and learning are reduced to a rational, excessively cognitive, individual phenomenon. This article reviews this criticism and adds a historical dimension to the analysis, concluding that existing cyclic models might be better valued for their important historical contribution, rather than as active theories of learning in experiential education.
From Experience to Neo-Experiential Education: Variations on a Theme
Authors: Roberts Jay
Published: January 2017

This article considers several variations of experience within the intersecting fields of outdoor, environmental, and experiential education. I argue that, to date, too little work has been undertaken interrogating the theoretical and philosophical use of the term “experiential.” This has resulted in a relatively homogeneous and simple construction of the role of experience in education that misrepresents both the complexity and the level of contestation in the discourse. In an attempt to begin to address this problem, I propose three variations of experiential education: experience as interaction, embodied experience, and experience as praxis. Each of the three variations is discussed in terms of their defining characteristics and the promises and challenges of their various constructions of experience. I argue further that each of these variations are threatened by the rise of a fourth variation, what I term neo-experiential education, which neatly combines market logics of efficiency, standardization, and control. I conclude with a call for more theoretical and philosophical work in this area.
Ecology and Task Structures in Adventure Education
Authors: Zmudy Mark H. , Curtner-Smith Matthew D. , Steffen Jeff
Published: January 2017

Many of the characteristics of effective physical education lessons have been discovered by sport pedagogy researchers by employing what has become known as the ecological or task structures perspective. The purpose of this study was to describe the task structures and ecology that existed in two consecutive 7-day summer adventure camps run by an agency outside the school setting. Participants included two novice adventure educators (AEs) and 31 elementary and middle school-aged children. Data were collected using a number of qualitative techniques and were analyzed using standard interpretive methods. Five task structure systems were identified. The instructional and managerial systems were similar to those previously found in classrooms and school physical education except that parental chaperones were used to enforce the management system. The social system was similar to those previously observed within sport education and adventure education units within school-based physical education in that it mainly served to support the instructional and managerial systems rather than compete with them as in more traditional models of teaching. The exploratory and atmospheric systems had not previously been identified, were extensions of the instructional and social systems, and appeared somewhat unique to adventure education. Implications for training AEs are discussed.
An Empirical Examination of Outdoor Behavioral Healthcare Field Instructor Job-Related Stress and Retention
Authors: Marchand Geneviève , Russell Keith C. , Cross Reid
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this study was to collect and analyze demographic characteristics and job related difficulties experienced by field instructors in outdoor behavioral healthcare programs which utilized wilderness therapy as well as other treatment modalities. Three state-licensed outdoor behavioral healthcare programs in the United States provided a sample of 129 field instructors who completed the survey. Results confirmed a high turnover rate of instructors and high challenges experienced with non-work related issues, particularly in sustaining romantic personal relationships. Factor analysis identified three constructs related to difficulty levels experienced on the job: a) time and schedule constraint; b) emotional anxiety and stress-related issues; and, c) physical and mental challenges. Results of this study are of value to field instructors and outdoor behavioral healthcare program administrators to better understand the challenges faced by this group of professionals. Recommendations are presented that suggest ways that the physical and mental health of field instructors can be supported.
Outdoor Leadership Skills: A Program Perspective
Authors: Shooter Wynn , Sibthorp Jim , Paisley Karen
Published: January 2017

Successful hiring, training, and pairing or grouping of staff requires administrators to consider the relationship between their programs' goals and the specific outdoor leadership skills of individual leaders. Authors have divided outdoor leadership skills into a three-category structure, and models of outdoor leadership have focused on skills from the perspective of the individual outdoor leader. In contrast, this paper proposes a model of outdoor leadership that addresses the perspective of the program. In addition to considering the language and structure of outdoor leadership skill categories, this synthesis of literature results in the suggestion of alternate and consistent terminology for outdoor leadership skill categories and presents a model that can be used to guide hiring, training, and staffing decisions.
An Environmental Pedagogy of Care: Emotion, Relationships, and Experience in Higher Education Ethics Learning
Authors: Goralnik Lissy , Millenbah Kelly F. , Nelson Michael P. , Thorp Laurie
Published: January 2017

Field philosophy is interdisciplinary experiential environmental humanities learning. It grows from a community-focused conception of environmental ethics and place-based environmental education, and it aims to help students develop an awareness of the role of environmental ethics in environmental issues, as well as cultivate an empathetic environmental ethic that might enable them to participate in environmental problem solving. The emotional, cognitive, and physical relationships with people, place, and ideas at the core of field philosophy necessitate a pedagogy that attends to affective learning objectives and relationship building. A shared focus connects literature in experiential education, educational psychology research on emotional engagement, and the ethic of care. A synthesis of this literature grounds an environmental pedagogy of care with meaningful potential for field philosophy.
Evaluating the Value-Added Impact of Outdoor Management Training for Leadership Development in an MBA Program
Authors: Kass Darrin , Grandzol Christian
Published: January 2017

This study examined the benefits of Outdoor Management Training for the leadership development of students enrolled in an MBA-level Organizational Behavior course. Students enrolled in one of two experiential courses. Both were identical, except one included an intensive outdoor training component called Leadership on the Edge. The quasi-experimental design indicated that students in both sections increased levels of self-efficacy, leadership motivation, and emotional intelligence over the course of the semester. Students in the outdoor training section did not show greater improvements than those in the experiential classroom section. Implications for leadership educators are discussed.
Tasting Wine: A Learning Experience
Authors: King Tanya J. , Donaldson Jilleen A. , Harry Emma
Published: January 2017

This paper describes a field trip by senior undergraduate anthropology students to a local winery, where they participated in a wine-tasting class with winery staff. In response to explicit hints from a wine-tasting facilitator, and more subtle cues from the cultural capital embedded in their surroundings and the winery staff, the students expressed a shift in their perception of the wines as they learned to taste them in a way that was socially validated. In this way the students learned, as embodied knowledge, how their physical senses were influenced by their cultural surroundings. We describe the student excursion, and particularly their experiences, and we consider the trend in experiential learning literature to focus on the reflection stage in the constructivist cycle of experience, reflection, abstraction, and testing. While recognising the pedagogic value of reflection and rule extrapolation, we seek to characterise the learning that occurs “in the moment.”
How Does a Reward for Creativity Program Benefit or Frustrate Employee Creative Performance? The Perspective of Transactional Model of Stress and Coping
Authors: Li Fuli , Chen Tingting , Lai Xin
Published: January 2017

We explore the effect of a reward for creativity program on employee creativity in organizations by investigating the underlying mechanisms based on the transactional model of stress and coping—a novel theoretical perspective for this research area. We theorize and find in two field studies that challenge appraisal of a reward for creativity program (perceived potential for gain, growth, or mastery) is positively related to problem-focused coping, which in turn predicts high creative performance. By contrast, threat appraisal of a reward for creativity program (perceived potential for harms or losses) is positively related to emotion-focused coping in the form of blaming, which in turn predicts low creative performance. Our findings also support the different indirect effects of the two appraisals of a reward for creativity program on creative performance through coping strategies. In addition, we find self-efficacy that is an antecedent of individual appraisals. We discuss the implications of the findings for theory development and managerial practice and suggest some important avenues for future research.
Effects of Fluvastatin on Hyperlipidemia after Renal Transplantation: Influence of Steroid Therapy
Authors: Austen Jay L , Shifrin Faith A , Bartucci Marilyn R , Knauss Thomas C , Schulak James A , Hricik Donald E
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the efficacy and safety of fluvastatin in hypercholesterolemic, cyclosporine-treated, renal transplant recipients, and to determine whether concomitant steroid therapy in such patients alters the lipid-lowering effects of fluvastatin.

DESIGN:

An open-label, prospective, parallel study was performed in 20 cyclosporine-treated renal transplant recipients with hypercholesterolemia defined by a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration greater than 160 mg/dL or a total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration ratio greater than 5.0. Lipid profiles were measured before and 1 month after treatment with fluvastatin 20 mg/d. Lipid profiles in a group of patients receiving concomitant therapy with prednisone (n = 12) were compared with those of patients who had not received steroids for at least 6 months (n = 8).

SETTING:

The Renal Transplant Clinic at University Hospitals of Cleveland.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

The main outcome measures were serum concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides. Treatment failure was defined by LDL concentrations persistently above 160 mg/dL after 1 month of fluvastatin therapy. Safety was assessed clinically and by serial measurements of liver enzymes and creatine Phosphokinase.

RESULTS:

LDL concentrations decreased significantly in both the steroid-treated and steroid-free groups after 1 month of fluvastatin therapy. There was no significant change in HDL concentrations or serum triglycerides in either group. Treatment failure was more common in patients receiving steroids (4/12 patients) than in steroid-free patients (1/8 patients). After 1 month of therapy, LDL cholesterol was significantly lower in the steroid-free group (126 ± 18 mg/dL) than in the steroid-treated group (147 ± 23 mg/dL) (p < 0.05). There was no clinical or laboratory evidence of myonecrosis in either group.

CONCLUSIONS:

Low dosages of fluvastatin appear to be safe in cyclosporine-treated renal transplant recipients. Steroid-free patients exhibit a response to fluvastatin that is qualitatively similar to that of steroid-treated patients, consisting of a significant decrease in LDL concentrations and no change in HDL or serum triglyceride concentrations.
Potential Interaction between Warfarin and Fluvastatin
Authors: Trilli Lauren E , Kelley Catherine L , Aspinall Sherrie L , Kroner Beverly A
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE:

To report three cases of a suspected interaction between warfarin and fluvastatin.

CASE SUMMARIES:

Three patients receiving stable warfarin dosages with therapeutic international normalized ratios (INRs) exhibited increased INRs when fluvastatin was added to their maintenance regimens. While none of the patients experienced a bleeding episode, they did require a reduction in their weekly warfarin dosage to achieve an appropriate level of anticoagulation.

DISCUSSION:

Reports of an interaction between warfarin and lovastatin have been described previously; however, to our knowledge, this is the first published report of a possible interaction between warfarin and fluvastatin. These cases were chosen because other factors that could potentially increase the INR were ruled out as significant contributors.

CONCLUSIONS:

The exact mechanism for the potential interaction between warfarin and fluvastatin is unknown. Until more is known, it is advisable to monitor patients more frequently when fluvastatin is initiated, discontinued, or adjusted in patients taking warfarin.
Fluconazole and Amphotericin B for Cryptococcal Meningitis
Authors: Clark Amy B , Lobo Bob L , Gelfand Michael S
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE:

To describe a patient with cryptococcal meningitis treated with the combination of amphotericin B and fluconazole.

CASE SUMMARY:

A 41-year-old woman with cryptococcal meningitis who was not infected with HIV was treated with a combination of amphotericin B and fluconazole because she did not respond to amphotericin B alone and could not tolerate amphotericin B with flucytosine. She improved clinically, but it is unclear whether the combination was beneficial.

DISCUSSION:

Standard therapy for cryptococcal meningitis is amphotericin B with or without flucytosine. Fluconazole is an alternative therapy, but its efficacy has not been documented in the patient population not infected with HIV. Theoretically, the combination of amphotericin B and fluconazole is antagonistic, but in vitro and in vivo data suggest that antagonism may not occur. The combination of amphotericin B and fluconazole in cryptococcal meningitis has not been evaluated in clinical trials, and its use is not recommended.

CONCLUSIONS:

A patient with cryptococcal meningitis was treated with the combination of amphotericin B and fluconazole because of a poor response to amphotericin B monotherapy and intolerance to flucytosine. It is unclear whether her clinical response was a result of the combination.
Increased Serum Lithium Concentration Secondary to Treatment with Tiaprofenic Acid and Fosinopril
Authors: Alderman Christopher P , Lindsay Katharine SW
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE:

To describe a patient in whom the administration of tiaprofenic acid and fosinopril was associated with decreased lithium clearance, resulting in increased serum lithium concentrations.

CASE SUMMARY:

A woman treated with lithium for bipolar affective disorder was concurrently treated with tiaprofenic acid 200 mg tid for shoulder pain. Previously initiated treatment with fosinopril was maintained during this time. The urinary lithium clearance was decreased during this combination therapy, necessitating a reduction in the lithium dosage.

DISCUSSION:

Lithium is approximately 80% reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, and the addition of tiaprofenic acid may have resulted in enhanced tubular lithium reabsorption. The possible influence of concurrent fosinopril therapy may also have contributed to altered lithium pharmacokinetics in this case.

CONCLUSIONS:

Serum lithium concentrations should be monitored if patients taking lithium are treated with tiaprofenic acid.
Acute Myopathy Associated with Combined use of Corticosteroids and Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
Authors: Fischer Janet R , Baer Rebecca K
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE:

To review the occurrence and pathophysiology of myopathy associated with combined use of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) and systemic corticosteroids.

DATA SOURCES:

A MEDLINE search (1985 to July 1995, English language) yielded case reports and clinical studies involving myopathy or weakness associated with the use of NMBAs and/or corticosteroids. References cited in those articles were reviewed.

DATA SYNTHESIS:

Prolonged muscle weakness has been reported in intubated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) who were receiving NMBAs and/or corticosteroids. Many cases involved the use of both agents in individuals with no underlying risk factors. The term “blocking agent—corticosteroid myopathy” (BACM) has been used to describe this myopathy when it develops following combined use of these agents. Features common to BACM include prolonged weakness, elevated creatine kinase concentrations, myopathic features on electromyography, normal nerve conduction and sensation, and reduced deep tendon reflexes. Muscle biopsy results vary, but tend to show type 1 and/or 2 fiber atrophy without inflammation. Some recently reported cases revealed thick myosin myofilament loss, which is consistent with findings in denervated rat muscle after exposure to corticosteroids. Two small prospective studies reported that 36–50% of mechanically ventilated patients receiving either one or both drugs developed prolonged weakness.

CONCLUSIONS:

NMBAs and corticosteroids alone have both been reported to cause myopathy in patients in the ICU. When coadministered, these agents appear to confer an even greater risk of myopathy; the exact pathology is not understood. Concomitant use of NMBAs and corticosteroids should be avoided if possible. Guidelines for cautious use and careful monitoring are suggested when combined use is deemed necessary.
Do Market Components Account for Higher US Prescription Prices?
Authors: Monaghan Maura J , Monaghan Michael S
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND:

Although only 7–8% of US healthcare expenditures are spent on prescription drug products, the pharmaceutical industry's profitability and high cost of prescriptions to consumers make prescription drugs a visible target for reform. When compared with other products, it appears as if unfair pricing tactics are used. The pharmaceutical industry cites costs of research and development and a short patent life as justifiable grounds for high prices, but the reason why US drug prices appear to be so high has yet to be answered.

OBJECTIVE:

To examine identified components of the pharmaceutical industry that allow US prescription drugs to appear to be highly priced and to review the apparent factors that affect pricing policies for pharmaceuticals.

DATA SOURCES:

The literature was reviewed to identify current research regarding the pharmaceutical market. Sources included MEDLINE, Econolit, Business Periodical Index, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, the Wall Street Journal, New York Times, and the F-D-C Pink Sheet.

Key factors account for the fact that US prescription drug prices are higher and that price discrimination occurs in the pharmaceutical industry within the US and among other countries. These factors include the unique market structure of the pharmaceutical industry, asymmetry of information, research and development costs, numerous channels of distribution and the differences among them, and government laws and regulations of prescription drugs. Pricing policies of pharmaceutical companies are based on manufacturing, promotion, and distribution costs; drug characteristics; and economic goals of the parent company.
Interaction of a screw dislocation with a bi-material interface in anti-plane couple stress elasticity
Authors: Gharahi Alireza , Dai Ming , Wang Gang-Feng , Schiavone Peter
Published: January 2017

We analyze the contribution of couple stresses to the interaction between a screw dislocation and a bi-material interface. Using Fourier integral transforms, we develop analytical representations for the stress distributions in each of the adjoining materials as well as the interaction force acting on the dislocation. Our results are illustrated with several numerical examples, which indicate that couple stresses significantly influence the corresponding stress distributions and the mobility of the dislocation when the distance between the dislocation and the material interface remains below or near the characteristic length of the materials.
On the Possibility of Having Different Bravais Lattices Connected Thermodynamically
Authors: Ericksen J. L.
Published: January 2017

It is generally accepted that the simplest kinds of crystals exhibit 14 kinds of symmetry, the Bravais lattices described in texts treating crystals. Briefly, Bravais's idea was to regard two configurations as having the same symmetry provided they can be connected by a special kind of path, in the space of lattice vectors. However, with his assumptions, he overlooked the possibility that some of the 14 can be joined by such paths, which reduces the 14 to 11. To be explored is the question of whether paths found to connect the different Bravais lattices are thermodynamically possible, when pressure and temperature are suitably controlled.
On the Influence of Material Objectivity on Electroelastic Dissipation in Polarized Ferroelectric Ceramics
Authors: Tiersten H. F.
Published: January 2017

An earlier system of rotationally invariant electroelastic equations for deformable insulators, which was derived from a well-defined macroscopic model, is extended to include the simplest mechanical and electrical viscous-type dissipation. The resulting nonlinear description satisfies the principle of material objectivity. When the resulting description is linearized, the viscous-type linear electrical dissipative variable contains the spin tensor because a biasing polarization is present in the ferroelectric ceramic.
Twinning-Induced Stress Concentrations in Polycrystalline Solids
Authors: Wang Yongqiang , Jiang Qing
Published: January 2017

Polycrystalline ceramics and metals can undergo induced cracking under external loading programs or spontaneous cracking when cooled from high processing temperatures. The formation of these microcracks is often attributable to internal stresses. This analysis shows that interaction of mechanical twins with grain boundaries can result in concentrations of stress fields whose asymptotic behavior, near intersections of twinning planes with grain boundaries, corresponds to a power-law singularity. Considering that microcracks are often generated at various stages of a manufacturing process, such as annealing or quenching, the authors have studied the interaction of mechanical twinning with pre-existing microcracks, both intergranular and transgranular. Their numerical results obtained by using the material properties of α-iron and copper zirconium show that the stress field near the crack tip intersected by twinning planes exhibits a singularity of higher order than the usual [Formula: see text]-singularity. This indicates that the interaction magnifies the stress concentration and hence promotes the crack growth.
Plane Harmonic Waves for Three Thermoelastic Theories
Authors: Haddow J. B. , Wegner J. L.
Published: January 2017

Plane harmonic thermoelastic waves predicted by two theories, which incorporate second sound effects, are investigated. An isotropic solid is assumed and the theories are linear, consequently the strain is infinitesimal and temperature changes are small compared with the reference temperature. Results from the two theories, for material properties representative of aluminum, are compared with those obtained from the classical theory that has been treated in detail by Chadwick. One purpose of the paper is to investigate the validity of one of the second sound theories, which is based on the Principle of Local State and the Maxwell-Cattaneo relation. This theory violates a consequence of the Clausius-Duhem relation but it is shown that, for the relaxation time considered, this violation is negligible for plane harmonic waves, except for frequencies of order of magnitude of 10 GHz or greater.

The relationship between characteristic theory and the theory of plane harmonic waves, for the thermoelastic wave problem, discussed.
Homogenization for Hydraulic Drainage Systems with Periodically Distributed Three-Dimensional Cavities
Authors: Otmani S. El , Paulin J. Saint Jean
Published: January 2017

We study a system of vertical and horizontal drains periodically distributed with small width. The permeability of the soil is much smaller than that of the draining material. By homogenization and perturbation techniques, we study the influence of the period, the height of the tunnels, and the ratio between the soil permeability and material drainage. We establish very different limit behaviors depending on their relative order.
The Narcissism Spectrum Model: A Synthetic View of Narcissistic Personality
Authors: Krizan Zlatan , Herlache Anne D.
Published: January 2017

The narcissism spectrum model synthesizes extensive personality, social–psychological, and clinical evidence, building on existing knowledge about narcissistic grandiosity and vulnerability to reveal a view of narcissism that respects its clinical origins, embraces the diversity and complexity of its expression, and reflects extensive scientific evidence about the continuity between normal and abnormal personality expression. Critically, the proposed model addresses three key, inter-related problems that have plagued narcissism scholarship for more than a century. These problems can be summarized as follows: (a) What are the key features of narcissism? (b) How are they organized and related to each other? and (c) Why are they organized that way, that is, what accounts for their relationships? By conceptualizing narcissistic traits as manifested in transactional processes between individuals and their social environments, the model enables integration of existing theories of narcissism and thus provides a compelling perspective for future examination of narcissism and its developmental pathways.
The Family Home Environment, Food Insecurity, and Body Mass Index in Rural Children
Authors: Jackson Jennifer A. , Smit Ellen , Branscum Adam , Gunter Katherine , Harvey Marie , Manore Melinda M. , John Deborah
Published: January 2017

Background. Family homes are a key setting for developing lifelong eating and physical activity habits, yet little is known about how family home nutrition and physical activity (FNPA) environments influence food insecurity (FI) and childhood obesity, particularly in rural settings. Aims. This study examined associations among FNPA, FI, and body mass index (BMI) in rural children. Method. Parents of 186 elementary school–age children completed FNPA and FI surveys. Child anthropometrics were directly measured. Logistic and linear regressions were used to examine associations. Results. Approximately 37% of children were overweight/obese; 43% of families were at risk for FI. Children whose families limited watching TV while eating were less likely to be obese (odds ratio [OR] = 0.56, p = .03) as were children whose families monitored intake of chips, cookies, and candy (OR = 0.54, p = .01). FI was higher in obese than normal weight children (OR = 11.00, p = .003) but only among families not eligible to receive free/reduced-cost school meals. Among eligible families, lower odds of FI were found for those who ate meals together often (OR = 0.31, p = .04) and for those with children frequently enrolled in organized sports/activities (OR = 0.65, p = .04). Findings were not significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Discussion. Results suggest that favorable FNPA factors were associated with healthier BMI and lower odds of FI. Conclusion. Opportunities for healthy eating at home may support rural children’s weight health. Additional resources may be necessary to promote food security among low-income families. Future research is warranted to better understand FNPA in relationship to the disproportionate rates of obesity and FI in rural populations.
The Economic Efficiency of Mixed Financing of Education in Economic Space
Authors: Moor R. Carl
Published: January 2017

The major purpose of this paper is to compare spatial models of two alternative systems of public support for primary and secondary education in terms of economic efficiency: the nationalized system and the mixed financing system. The nationalized system is defined as a public school system in which an equal quantity of education of homogeneous quality is offered to all students at designated attendance centers. The mixed financing system is defined as one in which households may utilize either public or private schools, with the community providing a voucher equal in value to the cost of providing public education to those households which desire to utilize private schools. The expected result of greater efficiency for the mixed financing model breaks down in economic space because of diseconomies inherent in the spatial model which are absent in the nonspatial model. We find that lower-income households or the community suffer a reduction in welfare as a result of a change to the mixed financing system, while higher-income households experience a smaller gain than they would under a nonspatial model. Whether or not the mixed financing system results in a welfare gain for the community becomes an open question which requires interpersonal utility comparisons to answer.
Income Elasticities for State Tax Revenues: Techniques of Estimation and Their Usefulness for Forecasting
Authors: Berney Robert E. , Frerichs Bernard H.
Published: January 2017

The concept of income elasticity of tax revenues has been used in numerous studies with little concern about its theoretical foundations. Income elasticities have also been used for revenue estimation with limited concern about stability over time or about the accuracy of the forecasts. This paper explores the development of the tax elasticity measure and, using revenue data from Washington, compares year-to-year elasticity measures with those established by regression analysis. The length of the time series is varied to check on the stability of the coefficients. Finally, the elasticities are used to predict revenues for three years to check on their accuracy for revenue estimation.
Welfare Maximization: Samuelson's Analysis with Public and Private Goods
Authors: Von Furstenberg George M.
Published: January 2017

Samuelson (1955) and Bator (1957) have provided geometric techniques for deriving or illustrating the conditions for Pareto-optimality in exchange and production. Bator's approach merely serves to illustrate what the distribution of private consumption and of consumer welfare must be if it is to make any arbitrarily chosen output combination Pareto-efficient. Samuelson. on the other hand, derives the Pareto-efficient output configuration, given a constraint on the welfare of one of two individuals. Even though Samuelson's approach makes the better use of the geometry, Bator's demonstration was the first to be extended from private to public goods (by McLure, 1968). The reverse extension of Samuelson's model, from public to private goods, is attempted in this note.
Subscale Tribofilm Tribological Modelling in Boundary Lubrication Using Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Roshan R , Priest M , Neville A , Morina A , Xia X , Warrens C P , Payne M J
Published: January 2017

A subscale tribofilm tribological performance model has been developed to investigate the sensitivity of the model to lubricant chemistries and tribological factors in boundary lubrication conditions. Tribological modelling of tribofilm performance in boundary lubrication deals with a large number of variables. Thus, multivariate techniques were used to obtain the subscale tribofilm friction and wear models in terms of additive concentration in the oil and tribological factors. Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogy classification techniques such as principal component analysis and partial least squares regression were used to correlate the outputs friction, wear, and lambda ratio with additive concentration in a model oil and tribological factors. The results show that boundary lubrication can be divided into three ‘subscale’ lubrication regimes which can be defined as (a) severe, (b) moderate, and (c) mild boundary lubrication conditions. The predictions from the friction and wear models showed varied dependence on the variables within the subscale lubrication regimes.
The information and communications technology as a factor of destination competitiveness in transition countries in European Union
Authors: Petrović Jelena , Milićević Snežana , Djeri Lukrecija
Published: January 2017

Although the competitiveness of a tourism destination is an important research subject explored by a large number of authors, the impact of information and communications technology (ICT) on the destination competitiveness has not been given special attention. This research article investigates the impact of ICT on destination competitiveness using a cross section with 11 transition countries in European Union (EU). Results reveal that ICT has statistically significant impact on destination competitiveness in transition countries in EU. In the future, it is essential that the transition countries apply appropriate measures that will enable significant development of ICT, as well as its application in tourism, in order to increase their competitiveness as tourism destinations.
Latent segmentation in business-to-business based on information and communication technology and relationship variables
Authors: Fuentes-Blasco Maria , Moliner-Velázquez Beatriz , Gil-Saura Irene
Published: January 2017

Our work is focused on the segmentation analysis in the Spanish tourist industry. Using a sample of travel agencies who evaluated the relationship with their main supplier (relationship value, relationship benefits and perceived information and communication technologies (ICTs) use), we attempt to examine the utility of these variables as specific and subjective segmentation criteria for identifying heterogeneous groups. The estimation of a finite mixture model suggests that these bases are able to discriminate firms into six latent classes with different levels of ICT use and relationship variables. The novelty in this work lies in the application of latent segmentation methodology and the simultaneous use of bases associated with ICT and relationship variables in business-to-business tourism.
Assessing the determinants of local tourism demand
Authors: Zamparini Luca , Vergori Anna Serena , Arima Serena
Published: January 2017

Traditional analysis of tourism demand has been mainly based on the consideration of economic variables aiming at explaining the evolution of either tourists’ expenditure or overnight stays or arrivals. This study is based on a collection of both economic variables and non-economic factors surveyed since 1998–2013 for 99 Italian NUTS3 (Nomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics) regions (provinces). It is the first study in which such a wide array of non-economic and economic variables has been investigated for a panel data at this geographical level by using a simultaneous equations model. The analysis shows that all considered variables are significant for the evolution of tourism demand and that climate, tourism supply and entrepreneurial capabilities have the largest impacts.
Combining amenity with experience
Authors: McFarlane Jim , Grant Bligh , Blackwell Boyd , Mounter Stuart
Published: January 2017

Industry and government bodies have recommended augmentation of traditional production and marketing techniques as ways of increasing an industry’s profitability. This article values the amenity of the wine industry, a sensory experience that provides an array of opportunities both culturally to the tourist and economically to many regions across the world. Using the wine industry in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia, we use input–output analysis to assess the economic impacts of this industry and the amenity hidden within. The industry not only provides jobs and commerce supporting local prosperity but also supplies a mixed production and consumption amenity from an agricultural product that meets the tourist’s leisure desire – an amenity that transcends from its origin in the vineyard to its destination at the table.
Adaptation of future travel habits to climate change
Authors: Schwirplies Claudia , Ziegler Andreas
Published: January 2017

This article empirically analyzes the determinants of individual tourism-related adaptation to climate change, that is, the stated willingness to choose other travel destinations, other travel periods, or other activities during the vacation as well as the stated willingness to travel less. In this respect, we distinguish between adaptation of winter sports vacations due to lacking snow reliability and other journeys apart from winter sports vacations due to higher temperatures. By examining the tourism sector, our study investigates an industry, which has not been extensively considered in economic analyses of climate change so far in spite of its worldwide huge economic relevance and strong sensitivity to climate change. Our empirical analysis on the basis of unique data from German tourists first reveals a large extent of stated tourism-related adaptation to climate change in the amount of nearly three quarters for winter sports tourists and more than 50% for other tourists. Our microeconometric analysis indicates that female tourists and tourists with a high awareness of climate change effects and increasing age are more willing to adapt. Our empirical results underline several challenges for the tourism industry and policy makers in order to transform the tourism infrastructure and to diversify holiday offers. They additionally reveal important focus groups of tourists such as (the increasing group of) elderly persons who are crucial for the development of successful future product strategies in the tourism sector.
The future of sustainable tourism development for the Greek enterprises that provide sport tourism
Authors: Yfantidou Georgia , Spyridopoulou Eleni , Kouthouris Charilaos , Balaska Panagiota , Matarazzo Michela , Costa George
Published: January 2017

‘Green tourism’ is defined as tourism that enhances local cultural elements, which are operating under the control of local communities, providing employment and maintaining economic benefits within the local communities. In fact, many times the above definition is poorly utilized, since there are times when the economic benefits dim from local communities. Tourism industry uses the term as a message to tourists on energy saving, avoiding coastal pollution and so on. Sometimes, the same tourist businesses are accused of using the term or labelling ‘green’ primarily for marketing purposes. Although it is a fact that tourism industry is starting to respond to the changing values of tourists regarding environmental issues, however, the purpose of this research is to infer if there is a future for sustainable tourism development concerning the enterprises that provide sport tourism in Greece.
Terrorism and tourism in Israel
Authors: Karl Marion , Winder Gordon , Bauer Alexander
Published: January 2017

While the relation between terrorism and tourism has been an important topic for tourism research, the questions whether terrorism affects tourism immediately and how long after a terrorism event tourism recovers are, as yet, not clearly answered. The aim of this article is to better understand the magnitude and temporal scale of the impact of terrorism on tourism. To this end, a research model differentiating between short-term and long-term effects of terrorism on tourism is developed and analyzed for the destination Israel using data on tourists from Germany. The results show both short-term and long-term impacts with a time lag between the terrorist event and the beginning of tourism decline of 1 or up to 6 months. An economic influence on the development of tourist arrivals was not detected, but seasonality plays an important role in the relationship between terrorism and tourism.