bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspektiv på det perspektivløse. Om ægyptisk og ægyptisk kunst
Authors: Frandsen Paul John
Published: September 2021

Denne artikel handler helt konkret om nogle trak ved den made, hvorpa oldtidens

agyptere klassificerede deres omverden. Jeg vil bla. diskutere forskellige sammenhange

mellem den visuelle og sproglige klassifikation af verden, og det er derfor af stor

vigtighed at fa pavist, at nar f.eks. den agyptiske todimensionale kunst (dvs. relieffer,

malerier, tegninger, o.lign.) ser ud som den gor, sa er arsagen hverken at kunsten er et

produkt af teknisk uformaen eller det modsatte, men derimod at den har et helt andet Sitz

im Leben end det, vi normalt forbinder med kunst. Der er gjort mange forsog pa at

forklare, hvad der kunne vare arsagen til det karakteristiske ved denne kunst - forst og

fremmest den manglende brug af perspektiv. Sarligt to radikalt forskellige synsvinkler

star over for hinanden. Den ene ser kunsten som et rationelt resultat af rationelle

overvejelser om, hvordan man bedst gengiver en observerbar, tredimensional ‘virkelighed’

i tre og navnlig i to dimensioner. Danskeren Erik Iversen havder saledes, at

agypterne havde udviklet en teori og deraf afledt metode til at lave tekniske,

todimensionale projektioner af tredimensionale prototypen Amerikaneren W.Davis har i

flere varker argumenteret for at opretholde en gammel opfattelse, der ser et agyptisk

billede som et billede af et tvarsnit og ikke som et billede af en flade begranset af et

omrids. Jeg tror ikke at disse tilgange er holdbare, og jeg er derfor nodt til at give laseren

en ret sa omfattende indforing i emnet for bla. at vinde tillid til den modsatte synsvinkel,

der gor det muligt at sammentanke sprog og kunst, nemlig, at et agyptisk billede er skabt

pa grundlag af et ‘mentalt billede’, dvs. en forestilling om den kategori som objektet

tilhorer i den agyptiske klassifikation af verden.
Refraktion som metafor og metode. Om at læse Nuer Religion
Authors: Schwartz Jonathan
Published: September 2021

Det var Evans-Prichard, der sosatte begrebet „refraktion” [(lys)brydning)] i antropologien,

og sigtet med de folgende bemarkninger er ganske enkelt at stavne videre ud

med dette begreb - at afprove det, forst som metafor, dernast som et begreb om metoden.

Michael Herzfeld henviser til Evans-Prichards „efraktion” som en „etafor...for et

andeligt begrebs opbrydelighed [division] gennem den sociale differentierings kategorier”

(Herzfeld 1987:211 n3). Herzfeld gav selv sin undersogelse af hellensk identitet og

kosmologi titlen „ntropologi gennem spejlet”, men havde han uddybet sit refraktionsmotiv,

kunne titlen have kommet til at hedde „ntropologi gennem prismen”. Spejle og

refleksioner udgor kun den halve, og maske mest simple og mindst interessante, historie.

Det kan vise sig, at „efraktion” er et begreb, der omfatter bade analytiske og syntetiske

egenskaber ved kompleksiteten i social og kulturel praksis. En stor opgave for et lille ord.

Gennem en lasning af Nuer Religion (1956) med hovedvagten lagt pa Evans-Prichards

brug af „refraktion”, vil jeg tilstrabe at udvide metaforen fra at vare en indholdsfigur til

at blive et, endda ganske alsidigt, begreb.
John Borneman: Belonging in the Two Berlins - Kin, State, Nation
Authors: Sampson Steven
Published: September 2021

John Borneman: Belonging in the Two Berlins - Kin, State, Nation

Anmeldes af Steven Sampson
Ole Bruun & Arne Kalland (eds.): Asian Perceptions of Nature
Authors: Hoffmeyer Jesper
Published: September 2021

Ole Bruun & Arne Kalland (eds.): Asian Perceptions of Nature

Anmeldes af Jesper Hoffmeyer
Lena Gerholm & Thomas Gerholm: Doktorshatten: En studie av forskarutbildningen inom sex discipliner vid Stockholms Universitet
Authors: Wilken Lisanne
Published: September 2021

Lena Gerholm & Thomas Gerholm: Doktorshatten: En studie av forskarutbildningen inom sex discipliner vid Stockholms Universitet

Anmeldes af Lisanne Wilken
Ulf Hannerz: Cultural Complexity: Studies in Social Organization of Meaning
Authors: Henriques Peter
Published: September 2021

Ulf Hannerz: Cultural Complexity: Studies in Social Organization of Meaning

Anmeldes af Peter Henriques
Raith Hardjono: The White Tribe of Asia
Authors: Munch-Petersen Nils Finn
Published: September 2021

Raith Hardjono: The White Tribe of Asia

Anmeldes af Nils Finn Munch-Petersen
Christine A. Hastorf: Agriculture and the Onset of Political Inequality before the Inka
Authors: Schjellerup Inge
Published: September 2021

Christine A. Hastorf: Agriculture and the Onset of Political Inequality before the Inka

Anmeldes af Inge Schjellerup
Connie Carøe Christiansen og Lene Kofoed Rasmussen: At vælge sløret - unge kvinder i politisk islam
Authors: Schade-Poulsen Marc
Published: September 2021

Connie Carøe Christiansen og Lene Kofoed Rasmussen: At vælge sløret - unge kvinder i politisk islam

Anmeldes af Marc Schade-Poulsen
Sara Dickey: Cinema and the Urban Poor in South India
Authors: Steen Ann-Belinda
Published: September 2021

Sara Dickey: Cinema and the Urban Poor in South India

Anmeldes af Ann-Belinda Steen
Haim Hazan: Old Age: Constructions and Deconstructions
Authors: Raahauge Kirsten Marie
Published: September 2021

Haim Hazan: Old Age: Constructions and Deconstructions

Anmeldes af Kirsten Marie Raahauge
Translation and nonspherical oscillation of single bubble in ultrasound field
Authors: Wu Xue-You , Liang Jin-Fu ,   School of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
Published: September 2021

Based on the perturbation theory and generalized Bernoulli equation, the equations describing the radius, translation and deformation of a single gas bubble in ultrasonic field are derived. The evolutions of the radius, displacement and deformation of the bubble with time can be obtained by numerically calculating these equations. The calculation results show that when the initial radius of the bubble and the driving pressure both keep constant, the displacement and shape variable of the bubble increase with the augment of the initial translational velocity of the bubble’s center, and the non-spherical vibration of the bubble becomes more intense. However, the radial vibration of the bubble almost remains unchanged. When the initial translation velocity of the bubble is relatively small, the unstable region is concentrated only in the region of high driving sound pressure in the \begin{document}$R_{0}\text-p_{\rm a}$\end{document} phase diagram of the bubble. As the initial translational velocity increases, the region with small radius and driving sound pressure begins to show instability, and the overall unstable region gradually increases. In addition, a bubble presents different vibration characteristics at different positions in the acoustic standing wave field. The closer to the antinode of sound wave the bubble is, the greater the radial amplitude of the bubble’s vibration is. However, the variable of the translation and shape of the bubble are very small. The error between the plane fractions of the unstable region in the phase diagram of \begin{document}$R_{0}\text{-} p_ {\rm a}$\end{document} is less than 4%.
Numerical analysis approach to twin primes conjecture
Authors: Di Pietro Gabriele
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the modified Sieve of Eratosthenes is used to have an approach to twin prime conjecture. If the Sieve is used in its basic form, it does not produce anything new. If it is used through the numerical analysis method explained in this paper, we obtain a specific counting of twin primes. This counting is based on the false assumption that distribution of primes follows punctually the Logarithmic Integral function denoted as Li(x) (see [5] and [10], pp. 174–176). It may be a starting point for future research based on this numerical analysis method technique that can be used in other mathematical branches.
Note on translated sum on primitive sequences
Authors:   ENSTP, Garidi Kouba, Laib Ilias ,   Laboratory of Equations with Partial Non-Linear Derivatives, ENS Vieux Kouba
Published: September 2021

In this note, we construct a new set \boldsymbol{S} of primitive sets such that for any real number x\geq 60 we get: \begin{equation*} \sum\limits_{a\in \mathcal{A}}\frac{1}{a(\log a+x)}>\sum\limits_{p\in \mathcal{P}}\frac{1}{p(\log p+x)},\text{ }\mathcal{A\in }{\boldsymbol{S}}, \end{equation*} where \mathcal{P} denotes the set of prime numbers.
Activity-dependent regulation of mitochondrial motility in developing cortical dendrites
Authors: Silva Catia AP , Yalnizyan-Carson Annik , Fernández Busch M Victoria , van Zwieten Mike , Verhage Matthijs , Lohmann Christian
Published: September 2021

Developing neurons form synapses at a high rate. Synaptic transmission is very energy-demanding and likely requires ATP production by mitochondria nearby. Mitochondria might be targeted to active synapses in young dendrites, but whether such motility regulation mechanisms exist is unclear. We investigated the relationship between mitochondrial motility and neuronal activity in the primary visual cortex of young mice in vivo and in slice cultures. During the first 2 postnatal weeks, mitochondrial motility decreases while the frequency of neuronal activity increases. Global calcium transients do not affect mitochondrial motility. However, individual synaptic transmission events precede local mitochondrial arrest. Pharmacological stimulation of synaptic vesicle release, but not focal glutamate application alone, stops mitochondria, suggesting that an unidentified factor co-released with glutamate is required for mitochondrial arrest. A computational model of synaptic transmission-mediated mitochondrial arrest shows that the developmental increase in synapse number and transmission frequency can contribute substantially to the age-dependent decrease of mitochondrial motility.
Motor planning under uncertainty
Authors: Alhussein Laith , Smith Maurice A
Published: September 2021

Actions often require the selection of a specific goal amongst a range of possibilities, like when a softball player must precisely position her glove to field a fast-approaching ground ball. Previous studies have suggested that during goal uncertainty the brain prepares for all potential goals in parallel and averages the corresponding motor plans to command an intermediate movement that is progressively refined as additional information becomes available. Although intermediate movements are widely observed, they could instead reflect a neural decision about the single best action choice given the uncertainty present. Here we systematically dissociate these possibilities using novel experimental manipulations and find that when confronted with uncertainty, humans generate a motor plan that optimizes task performance rather than averaging potential motor plans. In addition to accurate predictions of population-averaged changes in motor output, a novel computational model based on this performance-optimization theory accounted for a majority of the variance in individual differences between participants. Our findings resolve a long-standing question about how the brain selects an action to execute during goal uncertainty, providing fundamental insight into motor planning in the nervous system.
Information content differentiates enhancers from silencers in mouse photoreceptors
Authors: Friedman Ryan Z , Granas David M , Myers Connie A , Corbo Joseph C , Cohen Barak A , White Michael A
Published: September 2021

Enhancers and silencers often depend on the same transcription factors (TFs) and are conflated in genomic assays of TF binding or chromatin state. To identify sequence features that distinguish enhancers and silencers, we assayed massively parallel reporter libraries of genomic sequences targeted by the photoreceptor TF cone-rod homeobox (CRX) in mouse retinas. Both enhancers and silencers contain more TF motifs than inactive sequences, but relative to silencers, enhancers contain motifs from a more diverse collection of TFs. We developed a measure of information content that describes the number and diversity of motifs in a sequence and found that, while both enhancers and silencers depend on CRX motifs, enhancers have higher information content. The ability of information content to distinguish enhancers and silencers targeted by the same TF illustrates how motif context determines the activity of cis-regulatory sequences.
HspB8 prevents aberrant phase transitions of FUS by chaperoning its folded RNA-binding domain
Authors: Boczek Edgar E , Fürsch Julius , Niedermeier Marie Laura , Jawerth Louise , Jahnel Marcus , Ruer-Gruß Martine , Kammer Kai-Michael , Heid Peter , Mediani Laura , Wang Jie , Yan Xiao , Pozniakovski Andrej , Poser Ina , Mateju Daniel , Hubatsch Lars , Carra Serena , Alberti Simon , Hyman Anthony A , Stengel Florian
Published: September 2021

Aberrant liquid-to-solid phase transitions of biomolecular condensates have been linked to various neurodegenerative diseases. However, the underlying molecular interactions that drive aging remain enigmatic. Here, we develop quantitative time-resolved crosslinking mass spectrometry to monitor protein interactions and dynamics inside condensates formed by the protein fused in sarcoma (FUS). We identify misfolding of the RNA recognition motif of FUS as a key driver of condensate aging. We demonstrate that the small heat shock protein HspB8 partitions into FUS condensates via its intrinsically disordered domain and prevents condensate hardening via condensate-specific interactions that are mediated by its α-crystallin domain (αCD). These αCD-mediated interactions are altered in a disease-associated mutant of HspB8, which abrogates the ability of HspB8 to prevent condensate hardening. We propose that stabilizing aggregation-prone folded RNA-binding domains inside condensates by molecular chaperones may be a general mechanism to prevent aberrant phase transitions.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to COVID-19 among patients at Hospital Universitario de Caracas triage tent: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Chacón Fabián R. , Doval Juan M. , Rodríguez Verónica I. , Quintero Adriana , Mendoza Daniela L. , Mejía Mario D. , Omaña Óscar D. , Contreras Mariana B. , Gasparini Sebastián , González Carmen J. , Camejo-Ávila Natasha A. , Romero Sinibaldo R. , Flora-Noda David M. , Maricuto Andrea L. , Velásquez Viledy L. , Guevara Rafael N. , Carballo Martín , Caldera Jocays , Redondo María C. , Landaeta María E. , Carrión-Nessi Fhabián S. , Forero-Peña David Alberto
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The studies on knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding COVID-19 help to identify erroneous concepts and inadequate practices related to thedisease. This baseline information is essential to design effective strategies and improve adherence to prevention measures.Objective: To identify the COVID-19-related KAP in Venezuelan patients screened at the Hospital Universitario de Caracas triage tent.Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 215 patients between April 25th and May 25th, 2020, with in-person interviews using a KAP survey.Results: Most surveyed patients (53.5%) were asymptomatic. Most of them, both from the symptomatic and the asymptomatic groups, had adequate knowledge about the symptoms and transmission of the disease and the majority said they were practicing quarantine, frequent handwashing, and the use of face masks in public areas. However, the daily replacement of cloth face masks was more frequent in the asymptomatic group whereas replacement every three days was more frequent in the symptomatic group. Finally, more than half of the participants admitted having been in crowded places, a common practice among the symptomatic compared to the asymptomatic patients.Conclusions: This is the first KAP study in Venezuela about COVID-19. Knowledge and practices among Venezuelans could be improved by strengthening education and training programs. This information from the early phase of the pandemic in Venezuela may contribute to the design of COVID-19 promotion and prevention strategies.
Comparative analysis morphology, anatomical structure and transcriptional regulatory network of chlorophyll biosynthesis in Oryza longistaminata, O. sativa and their F1 generation
Authors: Hu Zhihang , Chen Xinyu , Huangfu Liexiang , Shao Shaobo , Tao Xiang , Song Lishuang , Tong Wenzhi , Yi Chuan-Deng
Published: September 2021

Oryza longistaminata, a perennial wild species, is widely distributed in the African continent. It has strong tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and high biomass production on poor soils. Chlorophyll biosynthesis is important for photosynthesis in rice. However, the chlorophyll biosynthesis and related gene profiles of O. longistaminata and its descendants remained unclear. Here, the F1 generation of O. sativa and O. longistaminata were obtained. Then, the comparative analysis morphology, anatomical structure, and transcriptional regulatory networks of chlorophyll biosynthesis were detected and analyzed. Results showed that the F1 generation has obvious long awn, similar with that of the male parent. The purple color of the long awn is different from that of the male parent. Microstructural results showed that the flag leaves of F1 have large mesophyll cell gaps in the upper- and lower-positions, small mesophyll cell gaps in the middle position, and more chloroplasts. Increased chlorophyll content was also observed in the F1 generation. In the lower-position flag leaves, the total chlorophyll contents of F1 were 1.55 and 1.5 times those of O. sativa and O. longistaminata, respectively. POR, MgCH and HEMA1 showed higher expression levels than the other related genes selected in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway. The HEMA1 expression level in the middle-position flag leaves of O. longistaminata was the highest, and it was 2.83 and 2.51 times that of O. sativa and F1, respectively. The expression level of DVR gene in lower-position flag leaves of F1 were 93.16% and 95.06% lower than those of O. sativa and O. longistaminata, respectively. This study provided a potential reference for studying the photosynthesis and heterosis utilization of O. longistaminata.
Expression and prognosis of CDC45 in cervical cancer based on the GEO database
Authors: He Zikang , Wang Xiaojin , Yang Zhiming , Jiang Ying , Li Luhui , Wang Xingyun , Song Zheyao , Wang Xiuli , Wan Jiahui , Jiang Shijun , Zhang Naiwen , Cui Rongjun
Published: September 2021

Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women, and its morbidity and mortality are increasing year by year worldwide. Therefore, an urgent and challenging task is to identify potential biomarkers for cervical cancer. This study aims to identify the hub genes based on the GEO database and then validate their prognostic values in cervical cancer by multiple databases. By analysis, we obtained 83 co-expressed differential genes from the GEO database (GSE63514, GSE67522 and GSE39001). GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these 83 co-expressed it mainly involved differential genes in DNA replication, cell division, cell cycle, etc.. The PPI network was constructed and top 10 genes with protein-protein interaction were selected. Then, we validated ten genes using some databases such as TCGA, GTEx and oncomine. Survival analysis demonstrated significant differences in CDC45, RFC4, TOP2A. Differential expression analysis showed that these genes were highly expressed in cervical cancer tissues. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis indicated that CDC45 and clinical stage IV were independent prognostic factors for cervical cancer. In addition, the HPA database validated the protein expression level of CDC45 in cervical cancer. Further studies investigated the relationship between CDC45 and tumor-infiltrating immune cells via CIBERSORT. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed CDC45 related genes were mainly enriched in cell cycle, chromosome, catalytic activity acting on DNA, etc. These results suggested CDC45 may be a potential biomarker associated with the prognosis of cervical cancer.
Analysis of microRNA expression in CD133 positive cancer stem‑like cells of human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63
Authors: Shu Xiong , Liu Weifeng , Liu Huiqi , Qi Hui , Wu Chengai , Ran Yu-Liang
Published: September 2021

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant tumor of bone occurring in young adults. OS stem cells (OSCs) play an important role in the occurrence, growth, metastasis, drug resistance and recurrence of OS. CD133 is an integral membrane glycoprotein, which has been identified as an OSC marker. However, the mechanisms of metastasis, chemoresistance, and progression in CD133(+) OSCs need to be further explored. In this study, we aim to explore differences in miRNA levels between CD133(+) and CD133(−) cells from the MG-63 cell line. We found 20 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) (16 upregulated and 4 downregulated) in CD133(+) cells compared with CD133(−) cells. Hsa-miR-4485-3p, hsa-miR-4284 and hsa-miR-3656 were the top three upregulated DEmiRNAs, while hsa-miR-487b-3p, hsa-miR-493-5p and hsa-miR-431-5p were the top three downregulated DEmiRNAs. In addition, RT-PCR analysis confirmed that the expression levels of hsa-miR-4284, hsa-miR-4485-3p and hsa-miR-3656 were significantly increased, while the expression levels of hsa-miR-487b-3p, hsa-miR-493-5p, and hsa-miR-431-5p were significantly decreased in CD133(+) cells compared with CD133(−) cells. Moreover, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that predicted or validated target genes for all 20 DEmiRNAs or the selected 6 DEmiRNAs participated in the “PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,” “Wnt signaling pathway,” “Rap1 signaling pathway,” “Cell cycle” and “MAPK signaling pathway”. Among the selected six DEmiRNAs, miR-4284 was especially interesting. MiR-4284 knockdown significantly reduced the sphere forming capacity of CD133(+) OS cells. The number of invasive CD133(+) OS cells was markedly decreased after miR-4284 knockdown. In addition, miR-4284 knockdown increased the p-β-catenin levels in CD133(+) OS cells. In conclusion, RNA-seq analysis revealed DEmiRNAs between CD133(+) and CD133(−) cells. MiRNAs might play significant roles in the function of OSCs and could serve as targets for OS treatment. MiR-4284 prompted the self-renewal and invasion of OSCs. The function of miR-4284 might be associated with the Wnt signaling pathway.
Insuficiencia habitacional y Programa “Minha Casa Minha Vida” en pequeñas ciudades de la Amazonía Paraense-Brasil
Authors: Valente Santana Joana , de Melo Medeiros Mônica
Published: September 2021

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el grado en que la insuficiencia habitacional por falta de infraestructura urbana es superada a través del Programa “Minha Casa Minha Vida” (PMCMV) en el Estado de Pará/Brasil. La investigación se guía por el método del materialismo histórico-dialéctico y la metodología se basó en investigaciones bibliográficas, documentales y de campo en dos ciudades de Pará (Tomé-Açu y Benevides) para captar la condición de vivienda de dos proyectos de PMCMV, con 402 y 360 unidades de vivienda, respectivamente. Los resultados de la investigación indican que el programa de vivienda construye hogares inadecuados, es decir, separados de las necesidades de vivienda de los sujetos que tienen particularidades regionales en la manera de vivir. El programa habitacional permite a las familias mejoras relacionadas con el acceso a su propia vivienda y la eliminación de los costos de alquiler. Por otro lado, se pueden citar cómo puntos negativos la falta de acceso a la infraestructura urbana, movilidad, seguridad, aumento del costo de vida, desarticulación de estrategias de supervivencia, falta de habitaciones más grandes y ventiladas, así como las condiciones para realizar reparaciones en la estructura interna y externa de la casa (con destaque para el alcantarillado y la cocina), revelando la contradicción de la política de vivienda al no superar la insuficiencia habitacional por falta de infraestructura urbana.
Physico-Functional Characterization of Flour and Protein Isolates from Nigeria Cultivated Solojo Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) WALP]
Authors: Adeyoju Olubamike Adetutu , Adebowale Kayode Oyebode , Olu-Owolabi Bamidele Iromidayo , Chibudike Henry Okwudili , Chibudike Chinedum Eunice
Published: September 2021

Cowpea, an important protein food, is used for its nutritional and functional properties. A study was carried out to determine the physico-functional characteristics of Flours and Protein Isolates from Two (2) Varieties of Nigerian Cultivated Solojo Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L. Walp), to assess their potential use in the food industry. Functional properties were analysed which include Moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash, carbohydrate and dry matter which were in the range of 9.15-9.83, 26.53-29.00, 2.50-3.99, 2.95-3.22, 4.24-4.80, 50.95-53.98 and 90.17-90.85% respectively. Bulk density ranged between 0.69 and 0.80 g/dm3. Water and oil absorption capacities ranged between 1.89 and 2.15, and 1.95 and 2.31 ml/g, respectively. Swelling power had values varying from 265 to 268% while foam capacity varied from 10.00 to 21.00 ml. The effect of ionic strength on foaming capacity (FC) and stability (FS) of the protein isolates using standard methods was carried out. Amino acids and molecular weight of the protein isolates were determined by amino acid analyser and sodium-dodecyl-sulphate-polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis. Surface morphology, functional group and thermal properties were determined for protein isolates by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. The results indicate that the two varieties of cowpea have great potential as functional agents in the food industry.
Toxicological Studies of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis on Wister Albino Rats
Authors: Aliyu Mustapha Sahabi , Ibrahim Yahaya , Dada Alhassan Yunusa , Sifawa Sadiq Abubakar
Published: September 2021

Aim: The aim is to evaluate the toxicological profiles of methanol stem bark extract of E. camaldulensis (MSEEC) on Wister albino rats.

Methods: Acute toxicity study was conducted according to OECD, 2001. The rats were grouped into six groups of one rat each and were given single oral dose 5000 mg/kg of the extract.  A total of 30 albino rats of both sex were used for the toxicological study. The rats were divided into five (5) groups of six (6) rats. Control group (group 1) received distilled water orally 1 ml/kg. Groups (2-5) received doses of 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/kg of the extracts. The experiment lasted for 28 days. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0. 

Results: The LD50 of MSEEC was greater than 5000mg/kg. The sub-chronic doses of 500-2000 mg/kg of the extract shows no significant (P>.05) difference of the hematological parameters when compared to the control. The Serum biochemical parameters were no significant (P>.05) compared to the control. However, there was an increase in creatinine level at doses 500, 1500 and 200 mg/kg.

Conclusion: The results from this study indicate that administration of methanol stem bark extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis did not produce significant toxic effect.
Primary Productivity of Jatigede Reservoir Based on Light and Dark Bottle Method
Authors: Aquila Firda N. , Zahidah . , Herawati Heti , Hamdani Herman
Published: September 2021

This research aims to determine the value of primary productivity by using light-dark bottles at different depths in Jatigede Reservoir, Sumedang, West Java. This research was conducted from October 2020 until March 2021 using survey method research. Determination of the research location was done by using the purposive sampling method. Sampling was carried out at five stations and three depths: surface, 0.5 compensation depth, and compensation depth. The results showed that the primary productivity in Jatigede Reservoir ranged from 300.29-1013.47 mgC/m3/day. The results of supporting water quality parameters are light transparency ranging from 38-150 cm, temperature ranging from 26.6-29.7 oC, pH ranging from 6.69-8.7, carbon dioxide (CO2) ranging from 4.4-22.0 mg/ l, dissolved oxygen (DO) ranged from 3.00–6.6 mg/l, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) ranged from 1.62-16.22 mg/l, ammonia ranged from 0.0004-0.0055 mg/l, nitrate ranged from 0.017-0.044 mg/l and phosphate ranged from 0.06-0.14 mg/l. Based on the value of primary productivity, the waters of the Jatigede Reservoir are categorized as mesotrophic waters.
Correlation Studies in Ashwagandha [Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal]
Authors: Dhaka Babulal , Dadheech Amit , Padiwal N. K. , Choudhary Raju Ram
Published: September 2021

In the present study entitled “Variability and Correlation Studies in Ashwagandha [Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal]”, 74 genotypes along with three standard checks viz., JA-20 (Jawahar Asgandh-20), JA-134 (Jawahar Asgandh-134) and RVA-100 were evaluated in augmented RBD design during late kharif 2019-20 at the Instructional Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur (Rajasthan).

The observations were recorded on ten randomly selected competitive plants for fifteen characters, viz. days to 50% flowering, days to 75 per cent maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, leaf area index, root length, root diameter in collar region, fresh root yield per plant, dry root yield per plant, fresh plant weight per plant, dry plant weight per plant, 100 seed weight, harvest index and total alkaloid. Analysis of variance, correlation coefficient and path analysis were performed for the mean data.

The dry root yield per plant exhibited significant and positive correlation with dry plant weight, fresh root yield and harvest index at both genotypic and phenotypic level. While with, root diameter in collar region at genotypic level and fresh plant weight at phenotypic level. Positive and significant correlation among dry root yield per plant and contributing characters would help in indirect selection for dry root yield per plant in the crop like ashwagandha where economic part (dry root yield per plant) remain underground up till uprooting.
Detection of Organic Additives in Copper Plating Bath Using Voltammetric Methods That Involve a Screen-printed Nano-Au Electrode
Authors: Weng Yu-Ching , Huang Jhih-Jie , Wang Chih-Yao , Hong Miao-Zhen
Published: September 2021

Three electrochemical methods used to detect organic additives, A, B and C, in acidic plating baths. Cyclic voltammetric stripping (CVS) is used in industry to detect the concentration of organic additives indirectly by measuring the effect of commercial organic additives on the rate of copper deposition. This study directly determines the concentration of organic additives on a screen-printed nano-Au electrode at high potential using three different electrochemical methods: linear scanning voltammetry (LSV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). The results show that the response currents for the three electrochemical methods exhibit a linear relationship with the concentration of organic additives. The nano-Au electrode is the most sensitive device for the detection of organic additive B using LSV.
Overview of Adverse Events Associated with Anti-CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy
Authors: Vorozheikina Ekaterina , Ruiz Magdalena , Solari Leticia , Ostasevich Dmitry , Mendoza Luis
Published: September 2021

Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells represent a novel immunotherapy that has shown remarkable success in the treatment of adult relapsed or refractory (R/R) B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, adult R/R mantle cell lymphoma, and R/R acute paediatric lymphoblastic leukaemia. One barrier to the widespread use of CAR T-cell therapy is toxicity, primarily cytokine release syndrome (CRS) with a variable grade of severity. The main manifestations of CRS are fever, hypotension, cytopenia, organ dysfunction among others. Neurological toxicities vary widely and range from headaches to encephalopathy. In addition, anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy provokes an array of less frequent events, such as coagulopathies, delayed cytopenia, and cardiovascular toxicities. In general, toxicities are usually reversible and resolve on their own in most cases, though severe cases may require intensive care and immunosuppressive therapy. Deaths due to CRS, neurologic toxicity and infectious complications have been reported, which highlights the gravity of these syndromes and the critical nature of appropriate intervention. In this paper, we look at all available FDA- and EMA-approved information about the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, risk factor reviews of existing toxicity grading systems, current management strategies, and guidelines for anti-CD19 CAR T-cell toxicities. We also present new approaches, which are under investigation, to mitigate these adverse events.
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Sources of Nutrients on Flowering of Hybrid Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii B.) cv. Shimmer in Open Field Condition
Authors: Giri Bishnupada , Beura Sashikala
Published: September 2021

The present investigation on Effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on flowering of hybrid gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii B.) cv. Shimmer in open field condition was conducted at Biotechnology cum Tissue Culture Centre, OUAT Bhubaneswar during 2015-16 and 2016-17. The aim of the study was to find out suitable organic and inorganic sources of nutrients for cut flower production of gerbera in open field condition. There were eight treatment combinations consisting of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), Vermicompost, 75% RDF, PSB, Azospirillum, Azotobacter and foliar spray of macro and micro elements. Application of 75% RDF (15:10:30 g NPK/10 plants) + Vermicompost (25 g/10 plants) + Azospirillum/ Azotobacter (20 g/10 plants) + PSB (20 g/10 plants) + macro and micro element spray recorded earlier flower bud initiation and flowering. The same treatments conducted to maximum length of flower stalk, thickness of flower stalk, flower diameter, number of flowers/plant and bloom life. It can be concluded that reduced dose of chemical fertilizer (75% RDF) along with application of vermicompost and biofertiizer can improve flower yield of gerbera in open field condition.
Current Trends of Gram-negative Bacteremia in a State of North India, the Forthcoming Challenges IGMC Shimla
Authors: Katoch Pankaj , Kanga Anil
Published: September 2021

Background: Vascular endothelial dysfunction plays a critical role in the evolution of sepsis there is an increase in vascular permeability leading to coagulation abnormalities and subsequent dysfunction of major organs.1 Bloodstream infections are a cause of life-threatening complications in all age groups of the population especially the extreme age groups who are very much prone to the risk. Antibiotic usage is associated with bacteremia, septicemia, and mortality through many factors. We are aware that Gram-negative bacteria due to many causes are becoming increasingly resistant to the currently used antimicrobial therapy. Here, in this study, we report the incidence and etiology and of the Gram-Negative bacterial isolates and their clinical significance from our tertiary care institute located in the Northern part of India.

Materials and Methods: Prospective Observational Study conducted in the Department of Microbiology IGMC Shimla for a tenure of one year to determine the incidence and etiology of Gram-negative bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial resistance profile. All the blood culture samples received in the Department of Microbiology IGMC Shimla for culture by Bactec Bd fx from July 2015 to June 2016 were included in the study except for falling in the exclusion criteria. The blood culture was observed in the Bactec bd fx system for at least 5 days before they are reported as sterile.

Results: Among the total 1275 cultures which were positive for bacteria, 931(73.02%) were positive for Gram-negative bacteria. Among the total of 931culture that were positive for Gram-negative bacteria, The Non-fermenter group of organisms was isolated in 292(31.36%) cultures, followed by E. coli 266(28.57%). Among the total of 931 cultures positive for GNB, a maximum of 335 (35.98%) belonged to 0-1 year. Among them, 574 (61.65%) were males while 357 (38.35%) were females.

Conclusion: Nonfermenter group was the commonest organism among Gram-negative isolates. Infants were more commonly positive as compared to another age group. Males were more commonly culture positive as compared to females among gram-negative isolates.
L12‐Strengthened Co‐Rich Alloys for High‐Temperature Structural Applications: A Critical Review
Authors: Cao Boxuan , Zhao Yilu , Yang Tao , Liu Chain Tsuan
Published: September 2021

Tremendous efforts have been made to accelerate the design of advanced high‐temperature structural materials, leading to the development of high‐performance Ni‐based superalloys with both superior thermal stability and creep resistance. However, further gains in the temperature capabilities are difficult to achieve due to the narrow gap between the γ′‐solvus temperature and their melting temperatures within Ni‐based superalloys. Given the 50–150 °C advantages in the melting points of Co‐rich alloys than those of the Ni‐based superalloys, as well as the discovery of L12 precipitates in the ternary Co–Al–W alloys, the L12‐strengthened Co‐rich alloys are immediately recognized as the promising candidates to be developed as next‐generation high‐temperature structural materials. Follow‐up studies indicate that they also preserve a mild segregation tendency during solidification and superior particle coarsening resistance as compared with Ni‐based superalloys. Promising research directions in the field of Co‐rich high‐temperature alloys are also discussed herein, including thermodynamic‐guided alloy design, grain boundary characteristics, and their correlations with mechanical properties, as well as unique deformation mechanisms and particle shearing configurations.
The Roles of Ni and Co in Dendritic Growth and Tensile Properties of Fe‐Containing Al–Si–Cu–Zn Scraps under Slow and Fast Solidification Cooling
Authors: Xavier Marcella G. C. , Freitas Brenda J. M. , Gouveia Guilherme L. , Garcia Amauri , Spinelli José E.
Published: September 2021

Studies of Fe‐contaminated Al‐based scraps have drawn attention for years. However, little has been researched about the effects of cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) additions to contaminated scraps both under slow solidification (directional solidification, DS) and fast solidification regime (copper mold centrifugal casting, CC). As such, the current study examines a representative low‐alloy Al–Si chemistry from industrial scraps, i.e., the Al–7%Si–0.6%Fe–0.35%Cu–0.25%Zn (% by weight). This alloy is changed independently using Ni and Co. It is observed that a mixture of uneven distributed α and β Fe‐bearing particles prevails for all tested alloys and solidification conditions. The coexistence of both phases agrees with the charts proposed by Gorny's work for the range of secondary dendritic spacing, λ
2, observed. Although the Fe‐containing particles are smaller for fast‐solidified samples, they still maintain the acute morphology and, in some cases, the Chinese script shape. This results in a reduction in ductility of the order of 65% for the nonmodified and Ni‐modified samples considering mean λ
2 varying from 20 μm (DS) to 6.5 μm (CC), despite improvements in mechanical strength. Furthermore, addition of Co results in a higher number of Fe‐based particles within the microstructure. In this case, the largest particle/α‐Al interfacial area results in slightly poor ductility (~6–8%) and higher strength (175–205 MPa), with less ductility loss when DS and CC samples are compared.
Supervariate Ceramics: Gelatinous and Monolithic Ceramics Fabricated under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Wang Hao , Bao Yan , Mao Zhengyi , Pan Jie , Bian Haidong , Xu Zhengtao , Lu Jian , Li Yang Yang
Published: September 2021

Ceramics are normally fabricated by firing compacted raw powders at high temperatures. Herein, a general mechanism for directly fabricating ceramic objects at the centimeter scale from ceramic gels at room temperature and ambient pressure is disclosed—all by simply mixing precursor solutions of multiple metal salts/ionic compounds to afford a supervariate system. Upon drying, the supervariate ceramic gels convert into monolithic ceramic materials to deliver excellent mechanical properties, e.g., a hardness/reduced elastic modulus (H/E
r) of 1.2/26 GPa. Furthermore, the room temperature‐dried ceramics are tolerant to high‐temperature annealing at 1500 oC, staying intact and achieving further enhanced H/E
r (e.g., 11.7/132 GPa). By utilizing the supervariate strategy, ceramics can be casted or molded like metals or polymers under mild conditions, offering great convenience to achieve desirable mechanical performances and functionalities.
Size‐Distribution Control of Exfoliated Nanosheets Assisted by Machine Learning: Small‐Data‐Driven Materials Science Using Sparse Modeling
Authors: Haraguchi Yuri , Igarashi Yasuhiko , Imai Hiroaki , Oaki Yuya
Published: September 2021

2D materials exhibit emergent properties originating from their characteristic nanostructures. In general, monolayered and few‐layered nanosheets are obtained by exfoliation of the precursor layered materials. However, lateral‐size distribution of the nanosheets is not easily controlled through the exfoliation because of the unpredictable down‐sizing processes. The present work shows selective syntheses of transition‐metal‐oxide nanosheets with the monodisperse and polydisperse lateral sizes by the assistance of machine learning on small experimental data. The precursor layered composites of host transition‐metal oxides and interlayer organic guests are exfoliated into the surface‐modified nanosheets in organic dispersion media. A prediction model of the size distribution is constructed by sparse modeling, a method of machine learning, on the experimental data. The host‐guest‐medium combinations achieving the monodisperse and polydisperse lateral sizes are recommended by the prediction model. Therefore, the nanosheets with the controlled lateral‐size distribution are selectively obtained in a limited number of the experiments. Moreover, self‐assembly of the polydispersed nanosheets forms the homogeneous thin film exhibiting interference color. The prediction model and its construction method can be applied to the other 2D materials. Moreover, the present work implies that sparse modeling is an effective approach for small‐data‐driven materials science.
Design Optimization of Soft‐Contact Freestanding Rotary Triboelectric Nanogenerator for High‐Output Performance
Authors: Chen Junhuan , Wei Xuelian , Wang Baocheng , Li Ruonan , Sun Yanggui , Peng Yating , Wu Zhiyi , Wang Peng , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: September 2021

The soft‐contact freestanding rotary triboelectric nanogenerator (FR‐TENG), with the capabilities of high output performance and excellent efficiency, presents interesting applications in driven nonequilibrium plasma jets, mass spectrometry, electrospinning, and so on. For enhancing the output performance of FR‐TENG, detailed and in‐depth research focusing on the design method is discussed in this paper, mainly consisting of the following four parts: 1) design reasonable geometric structure, 2) select triboelectric layers, 3) choose a reasonable signal acquisition, and 4) investigate influencing factors. Benefiting from this four‐step systematic research, a modified FR‐TENG with better output performance is successfully constructed. A corresponding open‐circuit voltage density of 1.27 × 105 V m−2 is achieved, which is over twofold higher compared to the largest one among the previous similar articles. Therefore, the four‐step systematic research is demonstrated to remarkably enhance the output performance of the soft‐contact FR‐TENG. This work not only presents a modified FR‐TENG with ultrahigh voltage density that inhibits bacterial corrosion, enables high‐voltage electrostatic dust removal, and enables impressive current cathodic protection of marine pipelines and urban buried pipelines, but also can be regarded as guidance for the design of soft‐contact FR‐TENG.
Directly measured aerobic fitness in male Maasai of Tanzania
Authors: Christensen Dirk L. , Jørgensen Sine W. , Koch Lars S. , Nordsborg Nikolai B. , Sironga Joseph , Ramaiya Kaushik L. , Larsen Steen , Brage Søren , Bygbjerg Ib C. , Maro Venance P. , Helge Jørn W.
Published: September 2021

Objectives

The agro‐pastoralist Maasai of East Africa are highly physically active, but their aerobic fitness has so far only been estimated using heart rate (HR) response to submaximal exercise and not directly measured. Thus, we aimed to measure aerobic fitness directly using respiratory gas analysis in a group of Maasai, and habitual physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) as explanatory variable.

Methods

In total, 21 (10 rural, 11 semi‐urban) of 30 volunteering Tanzanian Maasai men were eligible to participate. Respiratory gas exchange was measured during a graded exercise test until exhaustion on a stationary bicycle to determine aerobic fitness. Maximal effort criteria were at least two of the following (1) leveling off, (2) respiratory exchange ratio (RER) >1.10, and (3) maximum HR within 10 bpm of age‐estimated maximum HR. Habitual PAEE was estimated using combined accelerometry and HR monitoring. Anthropometry, biochemistry, blood pressure, resting HR, and dietary intake information were collected for background information.

Results

Mean age was 43.2 (range 26–60) years, and hemoglobin was higher in the rural versus semi‐urban Maasai (16.9 vs. 15.4 g/dl, p = .02). Mean aerobic fitness (34.4 vs. 33.3 mlO2/min/kg, p = .79), and mean PAEE (58.5 vs. 52.9 kJ/day/kg, p = .64) were similar in rural and semi‐urban Maasai, respectively.

Conclusions

Aerobic fitness was low to moderate in male rural and semi‐urban Maasai. This may be explained by relatively low PAEE in comparison to previous objectively measured activity levels in Maasai, which indicates recent lifestyle changes.
Maternal feeding benefits of allomaternal care in black‐and‐white colobus (Colobus guereza)
Authors: Raboin Dominique L. , Baden Andrea L. , Rothman Jessica M.
Published: September 2021

Caring for infants involves lactation, protection, provisioning, and carrying—all energetically taxing states for primate mothers. Holding and carrying clinging infants often constrains mothers from moving and traveling, potentially reducing their food and energy intake; however, when separated from its mother an infant is at risk of predation. This separation therefore requires that mothers be vigilant, further deterring them from feeding. Allomaternal care (AMC) is hypothesized to allow mothers to safely detach from their infants to feed, permitting them to increase energy intake, which is particularly needed for lactation. We examined the nutritional benefits of AMC in black‐and‐white colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza) by estimating energy intake by lactating mothers during AMC versus non‐AMC. We studied seven mother‐infant dyads in three groups of C. guereza during six months in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Immature group members handled infants more often than adults, and females handled infants more often than males. An infant's distance to its mother and its nearest neighbor's age and sex best predicted the occurrence of AMC. Lactating mothers fed more often, fed and rested for longer durations, and consumed more metabolizable energy during AMC compared to when they were caring for their infants. These results demonstrate that AMC in C. guereza provides mothers with feeding opportunities that increase their energy intake.