bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrative approach reveals underestimated Peyssonneliales diversity in Brazil: registering the first occurrence of Ramicrusta and Incendia, with the description of three new species

Authors: PESTANA EDILENE MARIA DOS SANTOS , LYRA GOIA DE MATTOS , SANTOS GABRIEL DO NASCIMENTO , SANTOS CIBELE CONCEIÇÃO DOS , CASSANO VALÉRIA , NUNES JOSÉ MARCOS DE CASTRO
Published: April 2020

Peyssonneliaceae represents a monophyletic clade of red encrusting algae classified Peyssonneliales. Molecular analyses have been important for revealing unknown diversity in this family, which includes small, cryptic organisms, frequently distinguished solely by discrete anatomical characters. Brazil however, remains virtually unknown. To assess this diversity, phylogenetic and barcoding analyses using rbcL, COI-5P and SSU data, as well as morpho-anatomical analyses were performed. Here we report the first occurrence of two genera on the Brazilian coast: Ramicrusta and Incendia, and describe three new species: Ramicrusta fujiiana sp. nov., Ramicrusta paradoxa sp. nov. and Incendia yoneshigueana sp. nov. Ramicrusta was resolved as a monophyletic clade in the three reconstructed phylogenies, and had congruent topologies. In the rbcL phylogeny, Ramicrusta fujiiana formed a well-supported clade sister to a well-supported clade including R. aranea (Vanuatu, type locality) and R. textilis (Jamaica, type locality). Morphological characters of R. paradoxa are not in agreement with the original description of the genus. Therefore, we present an updated and broader concept of Ramicrusta. Incendia was resolved as a monophyletic clade with full support for rbcL. Incendia yoneshigueana is in a sister relationship with I. glabra (Vanuatu, type locality). This study extends the distributions of Ramicrusta and Incendia, proposes three new species, and confirms the effectiveness of rbcL, COI-5P and SSU in inferring phylogenetic relationships and delimiting species in the Peyssonneliales. The integrative approach established clear taxonomic concepts for the studied genera and species, and identified useful characters for genera delimitation in Peyssonneliaceae.
Morphological and Molecular Evidence for a New Species of Dianthus (Caryophyllaceae) from Turkey

Authors: KOÇ MURAT
Published: April 2020

The Flora of Turkey includes 88 Dianthus taxa. Some interesting populations belonging were observed in the Sivas province (C-Turkey). On the basis of both morphological and molecural investigations the Sivas population was here described as a new species for the science, named Dianthus hamzaoglui. A diagnosis, detailed description, distribution area, habitat, and IUCN assessment, as well as original photos were provided, as well as a comparison with the related D. burdurensis.
Juncus hondurensis (Juncaceae), an endemic rush species new from Honduras

Authors: PROĆKÓW JAROSŁAW
Published: April 2020

A new species of Juncus from Honduras is described, illustrated, and a key is provided to separate it from related Neotropical species in Juncus sect. Ozophyllum. Juncus hondurensis is similar to J. articulatus, which occurs worldwide, but differs in having smaller seeds ((0.3–)0.4–0.44 × 0.16–0.21 mm) that are 14–16-striate (vs. 0.45–0.6 × 0.24–0.26 mm and 25-striate in J. articulatus). The new species also resembles J. pallescens, which is widely distributed in South America and SE Australia, but differs in having shorter tepals (outer ones 2.5–3(–3.3) mm long, inner ones 2.3–2.6(–2.8) mm long, and inner tepals shorter than outer ones (sometimes only slightly), or rarely longer, acute) and filaments ((0.65–)0.75–0.85(–0.9) mm long) (vs. tepals 3.0–4.5 mm long, subequal, acuminate, and filaments (0.6–)1.0–1.2 mm long in J. pallescens). Juncus hondurensis is also compared to other taxa in a key to the Neotropical Juncus, with particular emphasis on the morphology of their fruits.
On systematic status of Spindasis syama Horsfield, [1829] in Taiwan and the Philippines (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Aphnaeini)
Authors: HSU YU-FENG , LIANG JIA-YUAN
Published: April 2020

Based upon both morphological and gene barcode evidence, the population of Spindasis syama in Taiwan is described as Spindasis syama lamuae, ssp. nov., and the taxon negrita Felder, 1862 is revised as a species endemic to the Philippines (stat. rev.).
Four new species of Pseudharpinia Schellenberg, 1931 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Phoxocephalidae) from southwestern Atlantic and new records of P. tupinamba Senna & Souza-Filho, 2011
Authors: ANDRADE LUIZ F. , SENNA ANDRÉ R.
Published: April 2020

Four new species of Pseudharpinia Schellenberg, 1931 are described. The material examined was collected during the Mini Biological Trawl project, off Atlantic’s southwestern coast on the states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul with rectangular dredges at 25 to 500 meters depth. All the new species described present the following remarkable character states that make them easily distinguishable from their congeners: P. bonhami sp. nov. has pereopod 7 basis with 6 large spines posteroventrally; P. jonesyi sp. nov. exhibits pereopod 6 basis with a long acute spiny-projection posteriorly; P. pagei sp. nov. presents head with ventrolateral lines, antenna 1 primary flagellum with stout article 1, gnathopod 2 palm excavate and with slightly serrate palmar hump; P. planti sp. nov. presents head with dorsal keel and ventrolateral line, elongate flagella article 1 of antenna 1, pereopods 3–4 carpus anterior margin with a comb-like structure distally and pereopod 7 merus strongly produced posteroventrally. An identification key for all species of Pseudharpinia of the world is provided.
New record of the genus Baetiella Uéno, 1931 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae)
from India with description of a new species and new records for five species
Authors: VASANTH M. , SELVAKUMAR C. , SUBRAMANIAN K. A. , SIVARAMAKRISHNAN K. G. , SINHA BIKRAMJIT
Published: April 2020

A new species of the genus Baetiella is described based on larvae collected from Arunachal Pradesh, India. Baetiella subansiri Vasanth, Selvakumar & Subramanian n. sp. can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: (i) gills (or gill sockets) on segments I–VI; gills I–V elongate, without tracheation, with numerous scattered pores on the surface and smooth fine simple setae along margin; gill VI reduced; (ii) posterior margin of metanotum and abdominal terga I–II each with a single posteromedian protuberance, terga III–IX each with a pair of much longer protuberances; and (iii) claw with two rows of denticles, outer row with 6–7 acute denticles increasing in length apically, inner row with 6–7 short and blunt denticles medially, subequal in length. New records of Baetiella armata Braasch, 1983, B. ausobskyi Braasch, 1983, B. imanishii Braasch, 1983, B. marginata Braasch, 1983 and B. spathae Shi & Tong, 2015 from Arunachal Pradesh, India are presented based on the collection of larvae. The four species of Baetiella described by Braasch (1983) are redescribed based on freshly collected material. The Known distribution of genus Baetiella from Arunachal Pradesh, India is also provided.
Doxorubicin-CdS Nanoparticles: A Potential Anticancer Agent for Enhancing the Drug Uptake of Cancer Cells
Authors: Li Jingyuan , Wu Chunhui , Dai Yongyuan , Zhang Renyun , Wang Xuemei , Fu Degang , Chen Baoan
Published: April 2020

A novel strategy of enhancing the drug uptake by cancer cells through the combination of anticancer drug doxorubicin with cadium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles has been explored by using confocal fluorescence scanning microscopy as well as electrochemical studies, which demonstrates that
CdS nanoparticles can readily conjugate with doxorubicin on the targeted cancer cells and facilitate the uptake of drug molecules in the human leukemia K562 cells. Besides, our observations also indicate that the aggregation of the leukemia cells occured when CdS nanoparticles were introduced
into the relative target system together with doxorubicin, suggesting that the specific association of CdS nanoparticles with biologically active molecules on the surface of leukemia K562 cells may change some biorecognition or signal transfer pathway among cancer cells. It is suggested that
the competitive binding of CdS nanoparticles with accompanying anticancer drug to the membrane of leukemia K562 cells could efficiently prevent the drug release by the drug resistant leukemia cells and thus inhibit the relative multidrug resistance (MDR) of targeted cancer cells.
Analysis of Stress Responsive Genes Induced by Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in BJ Foreskin Cells
Authors: Sarkar Shubhashish , Sharma Chidananda , Yog Rajeshwari , Periakaruppan Adaikkappan , Jejelowo Olufisayo , Thomas Renard , Barrera Enrique V. , Rice-Ficht Allison C. , Wilson Bobby L. , Ramesh Govindarajan T.
Published: April 2020

Nanotechnology is finding its use as a potential technology in consumer products, defense, electronics, and medical applications by exploiting the properties of nanomaterials. Single-walled carbon nanotubes are novel forms of these nanomaterials with potential for large applications.
However, the toxicity studies on this material are not explored in detail and therefore limiting its use. It has been earlier reported that single-walled carbon nanotubes induces oxidative stress and also dictates activation of specific signaling pathway in keratinocytes. The present study
explores the effect of single-walled carbon nanotubes on stress genes in human BJ Foreskin cells. The results show induction of oxidative stress in BJ Foreskin cells by single-walled carbon nanotubes and increase in stress responsive genes. The genes included inducible genes like HMOX1, HMOX2,
and Cyp1B1. In addition we validated increase for four genes by SWCNT, namely ATM, CCNC, DNAJB4, and GADD45A by RT-PCR. Moreover results of the altered stress related genes have been discussed and that partially explains some of the toxic responses induced by single-walled carbon nanotubes.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanodispersed Molecular Aggregates of Prussian Blue in Aerosol OT Reverse Micelle
Authors: Pramanik Smritimoy , Das Debasmita , Das Kaushik , Bhattacharya Subhash Ch.
Published: April 2020

Prussian Blue (PB) nanomolecular aggregates were prepared in a well-characterized, monodispersed biomimicking nanocavities formed by Aerosol OT (AOT) reverse micelle in H2O/AOT/heptane at different ω ([H2O]/[Surfactant]) employing coprecipitation technique.
The formed nanomolecular aggregates of PB have been characterized by the UV-visible, Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as well as by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Cyclic Voltammetric methods. Visible and FTIR spectroscopic measurements confirm the formation of PB
nano aggregates. Experimental results reveal that the molar extinction coefficient of PB nanomolecular aggregates is different for two different regimes of ω of reverse micelles. TEM measurements show that the size of these reverse micellar entrapped nano aggregrates varied with
hydration (ω). Studies on these nano sized particles indicate that Fe is present in a single mixed valence state along the Fe–C–N–Fe skeleton in PB and the half wave potential (E1/2) becomes more positive with increase in the size of the nano
aggregates.
Fast Colorimetric Detection of Copper Ions Using L-Cysteine Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Yang Wenrong , Gooding J. Justin , He Zhicong , Li Qiong , Chen Guonan
Published: April 2020

This communication reports an efficient visual detection method of Cu2+ by L-cysteine functionalized gold nanoparticles in aqueous solution. Upon exposure to Cu2+, the gold nanoparticle solution changed from red to blue, in response to surface plasmon absorption
of dispersed and aggregated nanoparticles. This colorimetric sensor allows a rapid quantitative assay of Cu2+ down to the concentration range of 10−5 M. Recognition of Cu2+ and formation of the aggregates are proposed to occur via a 2 : 1 sandwich complex
between L-cysteine and Cu2+.
Validation of GPM IMERG V05 and V06 Precipitation Products over Iran
Authors: Hosseini-Moghari Seyed-Mohammad , Tang Qiuhong
Published: April 2020

This study attempts to assess the validity of the Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) products across Iran. Six IMERG precipitation products (IPPs) including early, late, and final runs for versions 05 and 06 were compared with precipitation data from 76 synoptic stations on a daily scale for the period from June 2014 to June 2018. According to the results, V05 performed better than V06, particularly in early and late runs. The IPPs overestimate precipitation ranging from 5% to 32%; however, IPPs tended to underestimate (overestimate) the amount of precipitation for wet (dry) areas and precipitation classes higher than 5 mm day−1 (less than 5 mm day−1). The probability of detection (POD) in IPPs was almost similar (with a median equal to 0.60), whereas other categorical validation metrics like false alarm ratio (FAR) improved in the final run. Our assessments revealed that the dependency of IPPs to the elevation was low, while the error characteristics of IPPs were strongly dependent on the climate and precipitation intensity. For instance, the systematic error varied between less than 12% in dry regions to more than 60% in wet regions. Also, according to modified Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) and relative bias (RBias), the performance of IPPs in winter with the highest KGE (ranging from 0.47 to 0.63) and lowest RBias (ranging from 0% to 16%) was better than other seasons. Further improvement is recommended in the satellite sensors and the precipitation retrieval algorithms to achieve a reliable precipitation source.
Optimizing the Spatial Configuration of Mesoscale Environmental Monitoring Networks Using a Geometric Approach
Authors: Patrignani Andres , Mohankumar Narmadha , Redmond Christopher , Santos Eduardo Alvarez , Knapp Mary
Published: April 2020

The ability of mesoscale environmental monitoring networks to collect spatially unbiased observations and to detect mesoscale environmental phenomena is radically determined by the spatial configuration of the network. However, there is lack of an objective, practical, and amenable method for guiding the spatial configuration of multifunctional, long-term mesoscale networks. The objective of this study is to present and demonstrate the application of a new method based on computational geometry that identifies the optimal location of future monitoring stations by finding the largest unmonitored area of the network. The computation of the method is first illustrated using the spatial distribution of the Kansas Mesonet as a case-study scenario and is then applied to several statewide and nationwide mesoscale networks in the United States. The proposed geometric method was effective to generate a long-term road map with the location of future monitoring stations. The geometric method seamlessly integrated with georeferenced data to identify the largest unmonitored areas with frequent occurrence of wildland fires and severe drought and to identify underrepresented soil types. Spatially dense statewide mesoscale networks with >120 stations across the studied U.S. states resulted in largest unmonitored areas of about 602 km2, whereas nationwide networks had largest unmonitored areas of 5002–6002 km2. The proposed method based on the geometric arrangement of network stations can be used by scientists, network managers, and state climatologists to improve the spatial representability of existing networks, better plan the allocation of limited resources, and increase the preparedness potential of mesoscale networks.
Winter Storms and Fall-Related Injuries: Is It Safer to Walk than to Drive?
Authors: Mills Brian , Andrey Jean , Doherty Sean , Doberstein Brent , Yessis Jennifer
Published: April 2020

Emergency department visitation data were analyzed using a matched-pair, retrospective cohort method to estimate the effects of winter storms on fall-related injury risks for a midsized urban community in Ontario, Canada. Using a unique definition and classification of winter storm events and dry-weather control periods, relative risks of injury were estimated for total falls and two subcategories (same-level falls involving ice and snow; all other falls) across two storm event types (snowfall only; mixed precipitation). Winter storms were associated with 38% and 102% increases in the mean incidence of same-level falls involving ice and snow during snow events and freezing-rain events, respectively. The incidence of other types of falls was slightly but significantly less during snow events relative to dry-weather control periods. Findings suggest that walking is not safer than driving during winter storms, as same-level falls involving ice and snow accounted for 64% more of the injury burden than motor vehicle collisions. Significant reductions in mean relative risk estimates for fall-related injuries were apparent over the 2009–17 study period indicating possible long-term shifts in exposure, sensitivity, and/or risk-mitigating decisions, actions, and behavior. Consistent and significant effects of government-issued weather warning communications on risk outcomes were not found. Practitioners engaged in developing injury prevention strategies and related public risk messaging, in particular winter weather warnings and advisories, should place additional emphasis on falls and multimodal injury risks in communications related to winter storm hazards.
How institutional and ecological forces shape the career profiles of organizational leaders: An analysis of US law school deans, 1894–2009
Authors: Jeong Young-Chul , Leblebici Huseyin , Kwon Ohjin
Published: April 2020

How do macro social forces shape the career profiles of organizational leaders? The aim of the article is to answer this question by examining how institutional and ecological forces have influenced the careers of law school deans in the US from the late 19th century to the present. Specifically, we focus on the coexistence of two social forces—professionalization and the diversity of an organizational population. On the one hand, we view professionalization as a converging institutional force that promotes homogeneity among leader career profiles. The diversity of an organizational population, on the other hand, is viewed as a diverging ecological force that increases heterogeneity among leader career profiles. We show how these two opposing forces have left different imprints on leader career profiles with a unique career data of 1396 deans in American law schools from 1894 to 2009. We utilize optimal matching analysis to assess the degree of similarity (or dissimilarity) among deans’ career sequences and test our hypotheses. This study contributes to our understanding of the link between macro social transformations and leader career profiles.
Disturbance rejection control for the dissolved oxygen in a wastewater treatment process
Authors: Wei Wei , Chen Nan , Zuo Min , Liu Zai-Wen
Published: April 2020

In wastewater treatment processes, the concentration of dissolved oxygen affects the performance of wastewater treatment directly. It is one of the key factors that determines effluent quality of the wastewater treatment. However, a simple closed-loop control has a high-energy consumption, and it cannot guarantee the effluent quality due to large perturbations in wastewater treatment plants, such as the influent rate, the temperature, and the complex biochemical reactions. In this paper, a new disturbance rejection controller is designed to address those perturbations. Dynamics of dissolved oxygen is transformed into a controllable canonical form. Discrepancy between the dissolved oxygen dynamics and the controllable canonical form is estimated by a disturbance observer and compensated by a control law. Stability and the bound of tracking errors are obtained. Finally, numerical results on the benchmark simulation model number 1 are presented to confirm the proposed method.
Overcoming the NPT’s “institutional deficit”: A Canadian saga
Authors: Meyer Paul
Published: April 2020

Ever since the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty was indefinitely extended in 1995, Canada has promoted the concept of “permanence with accountability.” Canada led on an ambitious initiative to enhance accountability via a reform package to overcome the NPT’s “institutional deficit.” Launched prior to the failed 2005 Review Conference, the effort was sustained for a decade. The priority goals were to establish annual meetings of states parties; to create a standing body of past, present, and future chairs; and to provide for the convening of extraordinary meetings. These ideas attracted support, but also opposition, from quarters less interested in having more effective tools of accountability put into place. The history of this initiative sheds light on the dynamics of multilateral diplomacy in the nuclear realm and on weaknesses in the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty process that continue to threaten the authority of the treaty.
“A marathon, not a sprint”: Canada and South African apartheid, 1987–1990
Authors: Manulak Daniel
Published: April 2020

In 2020, Canada does not maintain diplomatic ties with Iran or Saudi Arabia partly owing to their human rights violations—a choice which has eroded its capacity to act meaningfully in these countries. Thirty years ago, the Brian Mulroney government was faced with a similar decision: to sever relations with the white minority regime in South Africa or use its limited but real influence to contribute constructively to an end to apartheid. This article examines how Canada “punched above its weight” on an issue seemingly peripheral to its national interests from 1987 to 1990. It was during these oft-overlooked years—South Africa’s “darkest days”—that Canada engaged through multilateral fora, bilaterally, and its embassy to sustain global pressure and attention on apartheid. In so doing, the Mulroney government became a diplomatic battleground between its major allies, Pretoria, and its African Commonwealth partners. Such efforts were not without costs, but Canada’s “advanced middling” role helped to bring about a peaceful transition towards majority rule in South Africa and thus holds contemporary lessons for policymakers.
Acquired auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder after malaria treated with quinine
Authors: Brough Helen
Published: April 2020

Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) can cause significant hearing impairment; it occurs when there is intact outer hair cell function in the inner ear, with a dyssynchronous neural response, thought to be due to dysfunction of the inner hair cells (IHCs), the synapse of the IHCs and the auditory nerve, or of the auditory nerve itself. This case report describes the onset of ANSD in a Malawian child after severe malaria treated with quinine. Diagnosis of ANSD was made by confirming the presence of otoacoustic emissions, together with the absence of auditory brainstem response and absent acoustic reflexes.
A 10-Year Review of the Complications Caused by Ingested and Aspirated Dentures
Authors: Daniels Jessica , Oremule Babatunde , Tsang William , Khwaja Sadie
Published: April 2020

Introduction:

Dentures are worn by 20% of the United Kingdom population for both physical and psychological symptoms associated with tooth loss. However, significant morbidity and mortality can result if dentures are swallowed or aspirated. This 10-year review investigated the development of complications following denture aspiration or ingestion, and identified key learning points.

Methods:

The Medline database was searched for cases of denture ingestion or aspiration from October 1, 2009, to October 31, 2019. Search terms included “dental prosthesis, denture, dental plate, bridge and false teeth” and “swallow, ingest, eat, aspirate and inhale.” Potential factors influencing the development of complications were assessed (hollow viscus perforation, fistula formation, abscess, bowel obstruction, necrosis, hemorrhage, and airway obstruction). Statistical analysis was performed using χ2 and Pearson correlation tests in R Studio. No ethical approval was required.

Results:

Eighty-five patients were identified from 77 case reports. Fourteen articles were excluded due to insufficient information. Complications were documented in 37.6% (n = 32) of patients with 2 cases resulting in death. Duration of symptoms over 1 day ( P = .005) and delayed removal beyond 4 days post-ingestion ( P = .017) was significantly associated with increased rates of complications. There was no significant association between complication rate and patient age, denture type, level of impaction, or radiolucency.

Conclusion:

Denture aspiration or ingestion can have serious consequences. Factors impacting complication rate revolve around early recognition and treatment. Clinician awareness of the potential risks of dentures is paramount to early diagnosis. We recommend early intervention to reduce the morbidity associated with this unassuming device.
The Monotonic Polynomial Graded Response Model: Implementation and a Comparative Study
Authors: Falk Carl F.
Published: April 2020

We present a monotonic polynomial graded response (GRMP) model that subsumes the unidimensional graded response model for ordered categorical responses and results in flexible category response functions. We suggest improvements in the parameterization of the polynomial underlying similar models, expand upon an underlying response variable derivation of the model, and in lieu of an overall discrimination parameter we propose an index to aid in interpreting the strength of relationship between the latent variable and underlying item responses. In applications, the GRMP is compared to two approaches: (a) a previously developed monotonic polynomial generalized partial credit (GPCMP) model; and (b) logistic and probit variants of the heteroscedastic graded response (HGR) model that we estimate using maximum marginal likelihood with the expectation–maximization algorithm. Results suggest that the GRMP can fit real data better than the GPCMP and the probit variant of the HGR, but is slightly outperformed by the logistic HGR. Two simulation studies compared the ability of the GRMP and logistic HGR to recover category response functions. While the GRMP showed some ability to recover HGR response functions and those based on kernel smoothing, the HGR was more specific in the types of response functions it could recover. In general, the GRMP and HGR make different assumptions regarding the underlying response variables, and can result in different category response function shapes.
Effective Curricular and Program Practices in Gifted Education and the Interface With General Education
Authors: Shore Bruce M. , Delcourt Marcia A. B.
Published: April 2020

This article describes the results of a review of recommended practices in gifted education. Program and curricular practices are categorized into those that are clearly and uniquely appropriate for gifted students, practices requiring some additional support in order to be considered uniquely appropriate, defensible practices that are shared with general education, and some general educational practices for which there does not appear to be evidence to make a case for their uniqueness for the gifted. Implications for improving and clarifying the interface between gifted and general education are provided.
Impact of concentration and dilution of three macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agents on MRI signal intensity at 1.5T and 3T and different pulse sequences: results of a phantom study in human plasma
Authors: Szomolanyi Pavol , Frenzel Thomas , Noebauer-Huhmann Iris M , Rohrer Martin , Trattnig Siegfried , Pietsch Hubertus , Endrikat Jan
Published: April 2020

Background

Many factors influence the increase in signal intensity (SI) provided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast media.

Purpose

To assess the impact of different gadolinium concentrations and dilutions of three macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) on SI.

Material and Methods

This phantom study investigated gadobutrol, gadoteridol, and gadoterate in human plasma of a healthy donor pool at 37 °C. Different molar concentrations served to mimic conditions typically relevant for steady-state imaging; different dilutions served to mimic influence on first-pass bolus imaging. For SI measurement at 1.5T and 3T, we used two Magnetom Scanners (Siemens), applying the T1-weighted sequences Flash 2D/3D and VIBE. Regions of interest were placed on the central slice of the test vials.

Results

In the concentration series, gadobutrol showed the highest SI of all three GBCAs up to 2 mM, followed by gadoteridol and gadoterate. No major differences were seen between 1.5T and 3T. In the dilution series, gadobutrol showed the highest SI of all three GBCAs up to 10 mL/L. The highest effect was recorded with Flash 3D and VIBE at 3T.

Conclusion

SIs measured in phantoms using three macrocyclic GBCAs strongly depend on their relaxivity and on the local concentration. The latter can be influenced—when comparing dilutions—by their initial concentration in their formulation. Furthermore, the pulse sequences and the chosen parameters have essential influence. At steady-state concentrations (≤2 mM) and first-pass bolus dilutions (up to 10 ml/L), gadobutrol showed highest SIs, followed by gadoterate and gadoteridol.
Garlic extract in prosthesis-related infections: a literature review
Authors: Zhu Xing-Yang , Zeng Yi-Rong
Published: April 2020

With the increasing use of joint replacement surgery, the prevalence of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) has also increased. However, treating PJI has become a challenge for orthopaedic surgeons because of the prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria and the formation of protective biofilms. Numerous studies have shown that garlic extract (GE) has antibacterial activities and might be a good candidate for PJI treatment. This review explores the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of GE and its potential to be used in the treatment of PJI.
Three-dimensional printed implant for reconstruction of pelvic bone after removal of giant chondrosarcoma: a case report
Authors: Chen Ge , Muheremu Aikeremujiang , Yang Liu , Wu Xianzhe , He Peng , Fan Huaquan , Liu Juncai , Chen Chang , Li Zhong , Wang Fuyou
Published: April 2020

Background

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction has been used for various diseases, but few reports have described its application in pelvic reconstruction after removal of giant chondrosarcoma. Case reports describing the clinical application of personalized 3D-printed titanium implants are needed for future clinical reference. Case presentation: We herein describe a 29-year-old woman with a giant chondrosarcoma treated with a personalized 3D titanium implant. The surgery was successful, and the patient recovered with significant pain relief and good functional recovery after the surgery. No implant-related complications occurred during the 12-month follow-up. The current case represents successful application of 3D printing technology to the treatment of a massive bone defect due to the removal of a giant osteoporotic tumor.

Conclusions

Personalized 3D titanium implants can be used in the reconstruction of massive bone defects after the removal of giant pelvic sarcomas. The methodology and results described in the current case report can be a used as reference in the treatment of similar cases in future.
Individualization of computed tomography protocols for suspected pulmonary embolism: a national investigation of routines
Authors: Dymbe Berit , Mæland Elisabeth Vespestad , Styve Jorunn Rønhovde , Rusandu Albertina
Published: April 2020

Objective

Given the extensive use of computed tomography (CT) in radiation-sensitive patients such as pregnant and pediatric patients, and considering the importance of tailoring CT protocols to patient characteristics for both the radiation dose and image quality, this study was performed to investigate the extent to which individualization of CT protocols is practiced across Norway.

Methods

This cross-sectional study involved collection of CT protocols and administration of a mini-questionnaire to obtain additional information about how CT examinations are individualized. All public hospitals performing CT to detect pulmonary embolism were invited, and 41% participated.

Results

Tailoring a standard protocol to different patient groups was more common than using dedicated protocols. Most of the available radiation dose-reduction approaches were used. However, implementation of these strategies was not systematic. Children and pregnant patients were examined without using dedicated CT protocols or by using protocol adjustments focusing on radiation dose reduction in 30% and 39% of the hospitals, respectively.

Conclusion

Practice optimization is needed, especially the development of dedicated CT protocols or guidelines that tailor the existing protocol to pediatric and pregnant patients. Practice might benefit from a more systematic approach to individualization of CT examinations, such as inserting tailoring instructions into CT protocols.
The Associations Between Light Exposure During Pumping and Holder Pasteurization and the Macronutrient and Vitamin Concentrations in Human Milk
Authors: Lima Hope K. , Vogel Kenneth , Hampel Daniela , Wagner-Gillespie Montana , Fogleman April D.
Published: April 2020

Background

During pumping, storage, and pasteurization human milk is exposed to light, which could affect the concentrations of light-sensitive vitamins. Currently, milk banks do not regulate light exposure.

Research Aim

The aim of this paper was to determine the influence of light exposure during pumping, storage, and pasteurization on (1) macronutrients, (2) select water-soluble vitamins, and (3) select fat-soluble vitamins.

Methods

All 13 participants donated 4 milk samples each. Each sample underwent 1 of 4 treatments: raw and light protected, raw and light exposed, pasteurized and light protected, and pasteurized and light exposed. Samples were analyzed for macronutrients and Vitamins B1, B2, retinol, γ-tocopherol, α-tocopherol, and β-carotene.

Results

β-carotene concentrations were not influenced by light exposure. Vitamin B1 was significantly ( p < 0.05) affected by light-exposure ( M = 0.23, SD = 0.01mg/L) compared to light-protected ( M = 0.27, SD = 0.01mg/L) samples. Vitamin B2 concentrations were reduced ( p < 0.05) by light-exposure in raw ( M = 62.1, SD = 0.61µg/L) and pasteurized ( M = 73.7, SD = 0.72µg/L) samples compared to light-protected raw samples ( M = 99.7, SD = 0.66µg/L). No other tested nutrients were affected by light exposure.

Conclusions

If milk is exposed to excessive amounts of light, Vitamins B1 and B2 concentrations may degrade below the current Adequate Intake recommendations for infants 0–6 months of age, increasing the risk of insufficient vitamin supply to the exclusively human milk-fed infant. Thus, pumped or processed human milk should be protected from light to preserve milk vitamin concentrations.
Buccofacial Apraxia, Oropharyngeal Dysphagia, and Dementia Severity in Community-Dwelling Elderly Patients
Authors: Michel Anne , Verin Eric , Hansen Kevin , Chassagne Philippe , Roca Frederic
Published: April 2020

Apraxia occurs frequently in patients with dementia. Buccofacial apraxia (BFA) characteristics have been less investigated than limb or speech apraxia. An association between BFA and oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) in old patients with dementia has not yet been explored. We aimed to assess the prevalence of BFA in patients with dementia and evaluate the relationship between BFA, OD, and dementia. We have prospectively included 117 outpatients with dementia referred to a geriatric consultation. Oropharyngeal dysphagia was diagnosed using the volume viscosity swallowing test (V-VST). Buccofacial apraxia was evaluated by miming 7 meaningless gestures. A complementary geriatric assessment of 6-domains completed the evaluation. Buccofacial apraxia was present in 54 (48.6%) patients. Proxies reported OD more frequently in the group of patients with BFA compared to the group without ( P = .04). Prevalence of OD assessed with the V-VST was similar between patients with and without apraxia ( P = .9). Patients with BFA had a significant lower Mini-Mental State Examination suggesting a more severe cognitive decline (18.1 ± 4.5 vs 15.8 ± 5, P = .01), a lower activities of daily living relative to disabilities (5 ± 0.8 vs 4.3 ± 1.3, P = .001), and had a lower gait speed that indicated frailty ( P = .03).In conclusion, our results indicate a relationship between BFA and severity of dementia, disability, and frailty with no significant association between BFA and OD.
Job Crafting and Intent to Leave: The Mediating Role of Meaningful Work and Engagement
Authors: Oprea Bogdan , Păduraru Lucian , Iliescu Dragoş
Published: April 2020

Managing turnover is an essential human resource practice. One of the modern approaches that could have the potential to increase staff retention is the stimulation of employees’ job crafting, the set of changes regarding job demands and job resources that employees proactively make. Based on self-concept theory, we expected meaningful work and work engagement to serially mediate the negative relationship between job crafting and intent to leave. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 235 Romanian employees who responded to questionnaires about all variables. The mediation hypotheses were tested with bootstrapping procedures using structural equation modeling. Meaningful work and work engagement serially mediated the negative link between job crafting and intent to leave. Our results suggest that implementing job crafting interventions could reduce employees’ intentions to leave the organization. Future studies could verify whether these interventions may represent a new management practice to effectively control turnover.
Analysis of the risk of galling in sheet metal stamping dies with drawbeads
Authors: Moghadam Marcel , Nielsen Chris Valentin , Bay Niels
Published: April 2020

Sheet metal stamping of complex geometries normally involves the use of drawbeads to control the metal flow in the forming die. Drawbeads are, however, often the most tribologically severe part of the stamping dies. Selection of a suitable tribosystem for this type of forming operation depends on parameters such as local contact pressures, sliding speed, tool/workpiece interface temperature, tool and workpiece materials, and surface topographies. Furthermore, it depends on the required tool life and acceptable maintenance costs. This study demonstrates a methodology for offline evaluation of tribosystem applicability for a specific production platform for stamping of a three-dimensional component using a forming die with drawbeads. Based on an industrial case study, this work combines experimental and numerical analyses of the risk of galling in the different regions of an industrial forming die.
Assessment of non-uniform residual stress field of the thermal sprayed stainless steel coatings on aluminium substrates by the integral hole drilling method
Authors: Mohamed Karim Harouche , Lamine Hattali , Nadir Mesrati
Published: April 2020

Thermal spray is one of the most used techniques to produce coatings on structural materials. Such coatings are used as protection against high temperatures, corrosion, erosion and wear. The combined action of high pressures, temperatures and spraying conditions give rise to non-uniform residual stresses. The latter plays an important role in coating design and process parameters optimization. The present work highlights the influence of coatings thickness on the evolution of residual stresses in layered materials. Therefore, thick stainless steel coatings (ASTM 301) of different thicknesses are manufactured by wire arc spraying on aluminium alloy substrates (ASTM 2017A). For a better bond strength, a Ni–Al bond coat is first deposited. Furthermore, a numerically supported hole drilling strain gage method for residual stress field evaluation is proposed. Required calibration coefficients, for the strain–stress transformation formalism based on the integral method, are computed through finite element calculations using Abaqus software. The results indicate that the maximum residual stresses, for all thicknesses, are tensile and range from 140 to 275 MPa. The bond coat does not seem to affect the stress field. Also, it was found that the mean equivalent Von-Mises stress decreases with increasing coating thickness; hence reducing the interfacial adhesion energy of the sprayed materials.
The act of reading aloud: Animating the neoliberal speaking subject in post-Suharto Indonesia
Authors: Donzelli Aurora
Published: April 2020

The global spreading of neoliberalism requires discursive technologies capable of producing forms of subjectivity congruent with the extension of market rationality to all dimensions of social life. Since the millennium, the International Monetary Fund (IMF)-driven implementation of governance reform in Indonesia has entailed the dissemination of electoral mission statements – a discursive genre aimed at consolidating a new morality of accountability, transparency and proactive entrepreneurialism. Drawing on audiovisual data recorded in a peripheral region of Indonesia, this article examines the circulation of this transnational genre and reveals how its uptake has not been fully successful. The analysis shows how, through a series of verbal and non-verbal cues, candidates would signal their disalignment from the genre’s metapragmatic structure. By performing their statements through the affectless prosody of written texts read aloud, candidates evaded the moral and discursive expectations of transparent accountability and neoliberal entrepreneurialism and reasserted the ethos of impersonal acquiescence underlying the local modes of political self-presentation.
Hybrid test for publication bias in meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Lifeng
Published: April 2020

Publication bias frequently appears in meta-analyses when the included studies’ results (e.g., p-values) influence the studies’ publication processes. Some unfavorable studies may be suppressed from publication, so the meta-analytic results may be biased toward an artificially favorable direction. Many statistical tests have been proposed to detect publication bias in recent two decades. However, they often make dramatically different assumptions about the cause of publication bias; therefore, they are usually powerful only in certain cases that support their particular assumptions, while their powers may be fairly low in many other cases. Although several simulation studies have been carried out to compare different tests’ powers under various situations, it is typically infeasible to justify the exact mechanism of publication bias in a real-world meta-analysis and thus select the corresponding optimal publication bias test. We introduce a hybrid test for publication bias by synthesizing various tests and incorporating their benefits, so that it maintains relatively high powers across various mechanisms of publication bias. The superior performance of the proposed hybrid test is illustrated using simulation studies and three real-world meta-analyses with different effect sizes. It is compared with many existing methods, including the commonly used regression and rank tests, and the trim-and-fill method.
The Role of School Nurse Presence in Parent and Student Perceptions of Helpfulness, Safety, and Satisfaction With Type 1 Diabetes Care
Authors: Wilt Lori
Published: April 2020

Adolescents with type 1 diabetes (TID) and their parents depend on school nurses to keep students safe in school. Parent satisfaction with T1D care is impacted by school factors including school nurse presence. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among parental satisfaction with diabetes care in school, parental report of diabetes-related safety, adolescent report of school nurse helpfulness, and school nurse presence represented by school nurse to student ratios. The sample consisted of 89 parent–adolescent dyads. Adolescents 10–16 years old with T1D completed a questionnaire that included perceptions of school nurse helpfulness. Parents completed a questionnaire that included perceptions of T1D safety and satisfaction. Diabetes-related safety was positively correlated with parental satisfaction and school nurse helpfulness and inversely correlated with age and school nurse to student ratios. Findings validate the importance of school nurse presence to adolescents with T1D and their parents with implications for school nursing policy, practice, and research.
Ethical Challenges of Pediatric Cancer Care: Interviews With Nurses in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alahmad Ghiath , Al-Kamli Halah , Alzahrani Haneen
Published: April 2020

Despite rapid and successful development in pediatric cancer treatment, many ethical challenges remain. These challenges have been, and continue to be, the subject of much research, but few qualitative studies have explored the views of nurses, especially in the Middle East. This study, therefore, seeks to fill a knowledge gap in this area and to better understand the concerns of nurses—particularly those in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East. Face-to-face, in-depth interviews were conducted with 17 male and female nurses working in pediatric units at 2 hospitals in Saudi Arabia to explore their views on the ethical challenges in caring for children with cancer. All interviews were recorded and transcribed, then line-by-line encoded, merged, and categorized into themes. Our results show that pediatric cancer is perceived as being “different” from other diseases, and from cancer in adults. Nurses are an integral part of the medical care team and are aware of the importance of their role, as well as the special relationships that they develop with the children. Consent is mandatory and necessary and can be signed by any parent. Assent is important when children become able to give it. Pediatric cancer is seen as a different disease by nurses for various reasons. Their roles and relationships with children and families pose many challenges. Though parental consent and child assent are essential, nurses’ collaboration is important for shared decision-making. Our study paves the way for broader studies to understand the concerns of nurses and other health-care providers about treating children with pediatric cancer.
Different Effects of Volatile and Nonvolatile Anesthetic Agents on Long-Term Survival in an Experimental Model of Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: Dai Wangde , Shi Jianru , Carreno Juan , Kloner Robert A.
Published: April 2020

Background:

We investigated whether the cardioprotective, volatile gas anesthetic agent, isoflurane, could improve survival and organ function from hemorrhagic shock in an experimental rat model, compared to standard nonvolatile anesthetic agent ketamine/xylazine.

Methods:

Sprague Dawley rats (both genders) were randomized to receive either intraperitoneal ketamine/xylazine (K/X, 90 and 10 mg/kg; n = 12) or isoflurane (5% isoflurane induction and 2% maintenance in room air; n = 12) for anesthesia. Blood was withdrawn to maintain mean arterial blood pressure at 30 mm Hg for 1 hour, followed by 30 minutes of resuscitation with shed blood. Rats were allowed to recover and survive for 6 weeks.

Results:

During the shock phase, the total withdrawn blood volume (expressed as % of estimated total blood volume) to maintain a level of hypotension of 30 mm Hg was significantly higher in the isoflurane group (51.0% ± 1.5%) than in the K/X group (45.3% ± 1.8%; P = .023). Recovery of blood pressure during the resuscitation phase was significantly improved in the isoflurane group compared to the K/X group. The survival rate at 6 weeks was 1 (8.3%) of 12 in rats receiving K/X and 10 (83.3%) of 12 in rats receiving isoflurane ( P < .001). Histology performed at 6 weeks demonstrated brain infarction in the 1 surviving rat receiving K/X; no brain infarction occurred in the 10 surviving rats that received isoflurane. No infarction was detected in heart, lung, liver, or kidneys among the surviving rats.

Conclusions:

Isoflurane improved blood pressure response to resuscitation and resulted in significantly higher long-term survival rate.