bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Asymptotic Stability of Submodule Capacitor Voltage Self-converging Modular Multilevel Converters Based on Characteristic Root Method
Authors: Zhou Yiyuan , Qin Liang , Wang Qing , Yu Xue , Yang Shiqi , Liu Zhaoxun , Pu Qingxin , Liu Kaipei
Published: August 2023

This study presents global asymptotic stability verification of submodule capacitor voltage self-converging modular multilevel converters (SC-MMCs) according to the characteristic root method, which constructs a submodule switching state matrix for voltage balancing control. The mathematical model of MMC is established in form of the state-space equation. It is proved that SC-MMCs have the characteristic of global asymptotic stability at a certain time from the perspective of switching state matrix characteristic roots, according to the theories of Lyapunov stability and continuous-time piecewise linear system stability. Then, the submodule capacitor voltage self-convergence over a period of time is deduced based on the capacitor voltage deviation vector. Under the constraints of linearly independent switching state matrix row vectors, submodule capacitor voltage self-convergence without real-time voltage calculation and feedback can be achieved. The global asymptotic stability of SC-MMCs and the efficacy of submodule capacitor voltage self-convergence based on switching state matrix are testified by simulations.
3D Printing of Collagen Nerve Scaffold with Multichannel Characteristics
Authors: Wang Yi-chen , Zhang Li-ming , Guo Kai , Wang He-ran
Published: August 2023

Given the difficulty in preparing multichannel nerve scaffolds for peripheral nerve repair, a method of manufacturing multichannel collagen nerve scaffolds by multi-nozzle 3D printing technology was proposed. Gelatin material is used as the core melting material because of its temperature-sensitive characteristics. A collagen nerve scaffold with a multichannel structure was manufactured by temperature-rising removal after printing, and the scaffold with different collagen concentrations was analyzed and evaluated in terms of microtubule diameter and mechanical properties. The research results show that the mechanical properties of the scaffold are gradually enhanced with an increase in collagen concentration. When the concentration of collagen is between 5% and 6%, the quality of the microtubule is significantly improved compared with the 4% collagen scaffold. Combined with the distribution of microtubule diameter, a lower concentration of collagen will lead to the collapse and deformation of the print structure, while a higher concentration of collagen will lead to the existence of voids in the print structure. Considering the manufacturing process, microtubule diameter, and mechanical properties of collagen nerve scaffold, 5% collagen nerve scaffold is the best and is expected to meet the requirements of peripheral nerve regeneration.
Fracture Characteristics of Super Duplex Stainless Steel after Hot Tensile Testing
Authors: Li Xianchao
Published: August 2023

This study’s temperature range of hot tensile testing is 1000–1200 °C, which is consistent with ordinary industrial hot working temperatures. The fractography of super duplex stainless steel S32750 after hot tensile testing is investigated with Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Electron Back-scatter Diffraction and Transmission Electron Microscopy study hot deformation behaviors of the necking area. The results reveal that ~1050–1150 °C is the optimal hot working temperature range regarding hot ductility and cracking sensitivity. The micro-voids nucleate at the ferrite-austenite interphase boundaries following the Kurdjumov-Sachs (K-S) or Nishiyama-Wasserman (N-W) orientation relationship at 1000 °C. Therefore, a quasi-cleavage fracture forms along the interphase boundaries. At the temperature range 1050–1150 °C, a uniform distribution of fracture surface is formed, and the highest Reduction in Area appears at 1150 °C. Dynamic phase transformation occurs with the formation of secondary austenite at ferrite grain boundaries at 1200 °C, which results in an intergranular fracture surface morphology.
Screen Printing Preparation of Porous Cu Integrated Electrode as a High Sensitivity Enzyme-Free Glucose Sensor
Authors: Zhao Yajun , Huang Zeya , Fu Renli
Published: August 2023

Herein, a three-electrode coplanar integrated electrode was prepared by the screen-printing process. By designing a reasonable electrode structure, a scheme for the preparation of three-electrode coplanar Cu (OH)2/Ag/AgCl/C/Al2O3 integrated electrode by screen printing was proposed. The morphological structure of the material was investigated by SEM, EDS, and XRD characterization methods. Moreover, the availability of the electrodes was characterized macroscopically using an electrochemical workstation. As the results showed, the innovative sensor exhibited excellent detection performance for the catalytic oxidation of glucose. Electrode sensitivity was up to 14.376 mA mM−1 cm−2 in the glucose range of 1 μM–0.05 mM, while, excellent interference immunity and reproducibility were achieved.
Design of Metamaterial Absorber with Ultra-broadband and High Absorption
Authors: Li Xiu , Hu Chang Jun , Wang Yang
Published: August 2023

Metamaterial absorbers with perfect absorption properties are essential in various fields. A multilayer metamaterial disc absorber has been designed and analyzed using a finite-difference time-domain method. In the wavelength range from 300 nm to 3000 nm, this metamaterial absorber absorbs more than 90%. The metamaterial absorber is polarisation-insensitive due to its symmetric structure. On the other hand, the designed absorber still provides a high absorbance (>80%) at an incidence angle of 60°. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR), cavity resonance, local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), and inter-resonance interactions dominate the absorber for efficient absorption and extended absorption bandwidth.
The Temporal Measurement of Infrared Femtosecond Fiber Laser Pulse with Complex Spectra: SPIDER and FROG
Authors: Lin Jiahe , Cai Yi , Xu Shixiang
Published: August 2023

Femtosecond fiber laser pulse (FFLP) is very suitable for precision laser processing (PLP) with the advantages of high power, compact integrated structure, and easy installation. However, with the power increasing, nonlinear optical effects (NOE) of fiber, such as self-phase modulation (SPM), will be greatly enhanced, and the spectra of the output pulse will be very complex, which considerably increases the temporal complexity of FFLP and takes an immeasurable influence on PLP, so it is of great significance to accurately measure the temporal property of FFLP for higher accuracy of PLP. This paper presents a self-referencing spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction based on a single grating stretcher (SGS-SPIDER) with the two-step phase shift (TSPS) method for measuring FFLP with complex and infrared spectra. Meanwhile, we present a modified pulse-retrieval algorithm called an adaptive pulse-retrieval algorithm (APRA) of frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) to reconstruct the measured pulse accurately. The duration of the reconstructed pulse measured by FROG is 162 fs, whose autocorrelation curve is similar to the measured autocorrelation curve including the picosecond background. The error of the reconstructed FROG trace is 0.42%, which is reliable enough according to the literature experience. Finally, the unique advantages of FROG for measuring complex ultrashort pulses such as FFLP are compared with SPIDER; that is, FROG has a wider spectral phase measuring range than SPIDER. These studies provide a new diagnostic technique for the complete temporal characterization of FFLP with complex spectra and extend the measurement range and application of SPIDER at the infrared wavelength band, which is significant for improving the accuracy of PLP using FFLP.
Effect of macroscopic defects on optical properties of fluorophosphate glasses
Authors: Jia Wentao , Kou Xiaoyong , Gong Tang , Wang Jingjing , Xu Guangyi
Published: August 2023

Fluorophosphate glass is the core of laser materials and also has an important reference value for an optical lens. According to Kirchhoff’s law, this paper focuses on the optical loss of incident light entering fluorophosphate glass. The transmittance and refractive index of optical glass were measured by an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (Uv) and V-prism tester. With the sample thickness increasing from 10 mm to 50 mm, the transmittance of grade 4 fluorophosphate glass decreases from 85.32 % to 76.91 %, and the scattering rate increases from 8.4704 % to 17.0591 %. The microstructure and internal images of macroscopic defects were obtained by projective optical microscopy. In addition, an electron probe (EPMA) was used to analyze the defective components and identify the main components of the defects. The results show that the high content of P/Al/O element is the main cause of optical loss.
Lamination Effect on Al-Mn Alloy During Can Forming
Authors: Yan Wenduan , Wu Yuanli
Published: August 2023

Fracture behavior of Al-Mn alloy after plastic deformation is studied by electron microscopy. Cracked can is mainly caused by the lamination of the Al-Mg alloy plate. Optimized melt treatment is the main way to solve the problem of lamination caused by microporosity. Microporosity can be eliminated by adjusting the casting speed and other technological parameters. As a result, the behavior of lamination of Al-Mn alloy during deformation is weakened. The rate of cracked cans in the process is reduced subsequently.
Study on the Effect of Microstructures and Properties of Al-Mg-Mn-Zr Alloy Welding Wire by Adding Minor Sc
Authors: Chen Min , Wu Yueyi , Chen Yun , Mao Hua , Chen Yue , Zhou Guxin
Published: August 2023

The low strength of welded joints of aluminum alloy welding wire materials has seriously restricted the promotion and application of high-performance aluminum alloys represented by 7A52 and 7B52 aluminum alloy. It is urgent to develop new high-strength aluminum alloy welding wire material to meet the lightweight application demand of 7××× series high-performance aluminum alloy materials in military and civilian vehicles. This paper studied the effect on microstructures, mechanical properties, and welding properties of Al-6Mg-0.3Mn-0.2Zr welding wire alloys by adding minor Sc elements. The result shows that it formed Al3Zr, Al3Sc, and Al3(Sc1-x, Zrx) primary dispersive phases in the matrix, and the Al3(Sc1-x, Zrx) primary phase, which had triple-shell microstructure composed of Al3Zr/α(Al)/Al3Sc three-layer phases enclosing individually with each other from the center to outside. These phases could promote heterogeneous nucleation during solidification and crystallization in the process of welding, resulting in strong refinement and strengthening effects in the weld-zone microstructure. The welding joint mechanical properties of both tensile strength and elongation increased with the increase of Sc contents within the range of 0–0.4%. It was reached at Rm 365 MPa/A 5% without means of heat treatment which are much higher than aluminum alloy welding wires used in current engineering when the 7B52 aluminum alloy laminated plates were welded with the prepared welding wire Al-6Mg-0.3Mn-0.2Zr alloys of 0.385% Sc.
Preparation and Properties of Aluminum Particles Reinforced Functional Coatings
Authors: Qi Pengyuan , Yu Linhui , Yang Jingshan , Wu Mengxuan , Lou Ming , Li Changsheng
Published: August 2023

In view of the upgrading of engine-bearing pad-coating materials, the preparation of functional coatings suitable for bearing pad surfaces sprayed with aluminum particles as the reinforcing phase has important application value. In this paper, the exploration of preparing composite coatings on the working surface of bearing pads with aluminum particles as the reinforcing phase was carried out through orthogonal experiments. The effects of different process parameters on the adhesion, bonding strength, and micro-hardness of the coatings during the preparation process were studied, which provided a theoretical basis for the preparation of functional coatings.
Flow field and erosion characteristics of the valve head of a vertical well inclinometer
Authors: Wang Xindong , Li Fuqiang , Zhang Lei , Zhou Lei , Huang Haoping
Published: August 2023

During the drilling, the flow field characteristics of the vertical well inclinometer are complex. In a harsh underground environment, the valve head is prone to erode and wear. To overcome these disadvantages, the three-dimensional (3D) model of the valve head of a vertical well inclinometer was developed, and the flow field and erosion characteristics were simulated by using a numerical program. Results show that the maximum velocity and the maximum turbulence effect occur at the throttling inlet through which the drilling fluid passes the guide sleeve. By analyzing the particle trajectory of the discrete phase model, it is found that the particles above the valve head surface have obvious accumulation and rebound phenomena and that the erosion effect appears to some extent on the valve head surface. Analysis of the shear stress on the surface of the valve head shows that the stress concentration occurs in the valve head directly impacted by the drilling fluid and in the groove of the flow drilling fluid, respectively. The feasibility and accuracy of the simulation are verified by comparing the theoretical results with that of the field test. This investigation can be used to explain the failure of the valve head of the vertical well inclinometer and provide the design and optimization of the valve head with scientific support.
Flexible a-InGaZnO Thin Film Transistor Based on Biocompatible Sodium Alginate
Authors: Liu Zhuo , Chin Hung-Chih , Huang Pei , Zheng Fei , Li Lei , Chang Kuan-Chang
Published: August 2023

Flexible electronics have attracted increased attention in advanced fields, such as electronic skin and flexible displays. However, most flexible electronic devices are made with polymers that lack biocompatibility and environmental friendliness. Meanwhile, the complexity of the manufacturing process further restricts the mass production of flexible devices. This study uses biocompatible sodium alginate (SA) derived from seaweed as a flexible substrate to fabricate a thin film transistor (TFT) without using lithography, effectively protecting the flexible substrate from eroding. The flexible TFT with SA substrate can be opened at the Vg of ~ 0 V, and the mobility 26.8 cm2/(V·s) is realized. Flexible TFT with SA substrate has desirable characteristics, such as biocompatibility, transparency, and high mobility, providing promise for advancing the implementation of electronic skin and flexible displays.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Failure Behaviour of Multi-Stiffener Composite Panel Under Compression
Authors: Yu Fei , Yuan Fei , Wang Zhe , Chen Xiangming
Published: August 2023

Multi-stiffener composite panels are the primary components widely used in aircraft structures such as fuselage, wing box, and rear bulkhead, but they are typically sensitive to compressive load-induced buckling as the thin-walled nature of these components. This paper presents a numerical and experimental study on the compressive failure behaviour of multi-stiffener composite panels. A progressive damage model based on Hashin’s failure criteria was employed to model the failure behaviour of the laminates, while a cohesive zone model (CZM) was used to replicate the delamination between the stiffeners and the flat skin. The predicted initial buckling threshold and ultimate failure load agree well with the experimental data, which validated the simulation tool developed in this study. The failure mode of the MSCP was then dominated by the breakage of the stiffeners at their middle cross-section, simultaneously accompanied by delamination at the skin/stiffener interfaces. Results indicated that the initial out-of-plane buckling can cause a high level of peeling and shearing effects at the skin/stiffener interfaces, leading to skin/stiffener debonding as the compression increase. This subsequently introduced an additional bending effect to the stiffener, which eventually caused breakage in the middle stiffeners.
Study on the Microstructure of SiC Ceramic Joint Bonding by CaO-Al2O3 Glass-ceramic Solder
Authors: Liu Wei , Lu Yongheng , Shao Zongyi , Meng Ying , Shan Tipeng , Sun Liangbo
Published: August 2023

In this paper, 49.77wt.% CaO-50.23wt.% Al2O3 (CA) glass has been designed, fabricated and studied for the joining of SiC ceramics. The thermophysical properties, crystallization kinetics, crystallization behavior of glass solder, and the microstructure of the joint were analyzed and discussed in detail. It is found that the melting point of CA glass solder is 1437 °C, the crystallization activation energy is 274.07 kJ/mol, and the precipitated crystal is 12CaO·7Al2O3. The minimum wetting angle of CA solder on pre-oxidized SiC ceramics is 23°. The joint interface is well combined, and two crystal phases of 2CaO·Al2O3·SiO2 and 12CaO·7Al2O3 are formed in the weld. The typical microstructure of a SiC ceramic joint with CA glass solder is SiC/2CaO·Al2O3·SiO2+12CaO·7Al2O3/SiC at 1550 °C for 10 min.
A Sound Similarity Algorithm Based on Human Intuition
Authors: Xiang Xingyu
Published: August 2023

In this work, we describe some characteristics of human timbre perception. We propose the concept of harmony function to quantify how harmonious two pitches are perceived to be and apply these psychoacoustics theories to build a comparison algorithm. To examine the algorithm, some audio samples are chosen to take the test and get a natural result as expected. As the title suggests, the calculation result of this algorithm is in line with human intuition.
UAV Image Target Recognition Algorithm based on Machine Learning
Authors: Yao Nan , Qin Jianhua , Zhao Yuxi , Wu Gang
Published: August 2023

Target recognition in aerial operation of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has the characteristics of complex environment, easy deformation of moving image target, single target feature and small volume. To solve these problems, different advantages of visual saliency algorithm in time, space and frequency domains are studied. The candidate region of the target is extracted, and the final target is further determined by using region feature extraction and SVM. The recognition results on the test data sets show that the recall rate of the MDVS algorithm used in the study exceeds 99% on both test sets, and the F1 index is also above 85%. After adding SVM classifier for classification and recognition, the precision rate has been significantly improved, and the values of the three indicators have exceeded 90%. The recognition algorithm proposed for UAV images, compared with several common recognition algorithms, is effective and has better recognition effect and robustness.
Bidirectional projection grey target decision-making model based on three-parameter interval grey number
Authors: Xiong Ping , Cheng Huabin
Published: August 2023

Mathematical analysis of existing literature to bidirectional projection decision model to grey target is carried out, and the construction defectiveness of closeness degree and consistency coefficient in bidirectional projection is proved. Further, a new bidirectional projection ranking method is presented, which overcomes the shortcomings of the original one. The new method is applied to decision-making under three-parameter interval grey number (TPIGN) background by building an improved bidirectional projection decision model to grey target. Finally, the advantages of the newly built model are confirmed by a numerical example.
Joint Observation Coding Method Based on the Individual Agent for Centralized Training and Decentralized Execution
Authors: Zhao Liyang , Chang Tianqing , Zhang Jie
Published: August 2023

We investigated the effects of different value function inputs on algorithm performance within the CTDE framework. Furthermore, we proposed an individual-based joint observation coding method that effectively mitigated the impact of excessive value function input dimensions and redundant features on algorithm performance by directing agents to focus more specifically on local observations about other agents that are connected to themselves, rather than relying on global state information provided by the environment. As a result, the overall performance of the algorithm was significantly improved.
Joint Simulation Study of Glass Greenhouse Roof Cleaning Machine Based on Adams and Matlab
Authors: Xu Rui , Wu Mingge , Shen Yunde , Chen Zhenmu , Yin Haiyan , Zou Hantao
Published: August 2023

The glass greenhouse roof cleaning machine is driven by dual motors, and there are problems with machine deflection and inconsistent speed of the two wheels during operation, to solve these problems, a joint simulation method based on Adams and Matlab is used in this project. Firstly, build detailed 3D models using SolidWorks software and Adams software, and set the necessary constraints and material properties for the models; then, the control system is modeled with Fuzzy-Proportion Integration Differentiation (PID) control algorithm in Matlab/Simulink module; finally, a joint simulation was performed using Adams software and Matlab/Simulink software. Through the analysis of the results of the joint simulation, the problem of inconsistent deflection and the two-wheel speed of the machine is optimized after the introduction of the Fuzzy-PID controller.
Research on guidance information extraction technology of strap-down seeker based on adaptive cubature Kalman filter
Authors: Chen Tianle , Zhang Cheng , Sun Tong , Zhang Wenwen
Published: August 2023

In comparison to the traditional platform seeker, strap-down seeker, which is firmly connected with rocket-propelled vehicle, has a lot of strength in a smaller size, a simpler structure, and a lower cost. However, because it is fixed on the rocket-propelled vehicle, inertial line-of-sight(LOS) angular velocity demanded by guidance system could not be directly obtained during the rocket-propelled vehicle flight. In this paper, according to the coordinate transformation relationship, the inertial LOS angular velocity decoupling model is established. Aiming at measurement error characteristics of a seeker, a guidance information extraction algorithm which is on basis of the adaptive cubature Kalman filter is studied, and the digital simulation experiment is carried out in combination with the engineering practice. The simulation data demonstrate that the suggested algorithm has a significant effect on improving the filtering estimation stability and accuracy of guidance information extraction and guaranteeing the accuracy of rocket-propelled vehicle hits.
Design of Real-time Test System for Servo Stabilization System Based on Matlab/xPC
Authors: Hu Jiangfeng , Bai Hao , Ni Longqiang , Mu Yang
Published: August 2023

For the barrel and static drift problem in the working process of the servo-stabilization system of an unmanned firing module, a simulation test system is built by using the Matlab/xPC real-time platform. The CAN communication card is driven by the Simulink S-function, and communication between the test system and the servo stabilization system is realized. The fast Haar wavelet threshold processing method is used to de-noise the gyro speed signal, and the de-noising effect of the signal processor is simulated and verified in the physical system. The results show that the servo stability test system has strong real-time performance, and the performance of the Haar wavelet de-noising algorithm is good. The system has a broad application value.
An Automatic and Objective Vision Screening System Based on EEG Signals
Authors: Fan Chixuan , Han Yishi , Gong Jianyang
Published: August 2023

Vision screening cannot be popularized due to the uneven distribution of medical resources and subjective limitations of traditional detection. This paper proposes an automatic and objective vision screening system, which uses Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals to analyze people’s visual state, avoiding subjective errors. Meanwhile, this system just relies on personal operation without the involvement of medical staff, reducing the cost of time and medical resources. The experimental results show that the classification accuracy of the visual state can be increased to 80%, with the combined use of signal processing, relevant feature extraction, and optimization measures in this system. It indicates that the system is feasible and can play a role in visual screening based on EEG signals in the future.
Gliding Vehicle Controller Based on Neural Network Compensating Dynamic Inversion Error
Authors: Li Siqi , Liu Yongshan
Published: August 2023

Aiming at the attitude control problem of the gliding vehicle with uncertainty and strong coupling, a dynamic inversion control method based on RBF neural network compensated inversion error is discussed. Firstly, based on the double time scale separation hypothesis, the controlled aircraft model is divided into a fast and slow state subsystem. Then the dynamic inversion control laws are designed for each of the two subsystems. The weight update rule of the RBF neural network is derived online based on the Lyapunov stability principle to compensate for the inversion error caused by the modeling error and uncertainty. The simulation verifies the effectiveness of the control law. The robustness of the control system after neural network compensation is significantly improved.
Adaptive Robust Active Vibration Control for Vehicle Seat Suspension with Unknown Passenger Mass
Authors: Liu Tianqi , Ding Haichun , Guo Shuo , Li Feng , Iqbal Azhar , Wu Zhizheng
Published: August 2023

The vibration of the car seat can affect the comfort of passengers and can even cause some health hazards to them. In this paper, a vehicle seat control system is built to reduce the hazards of vehicle seat vibration. Firstly, the dynamic of the vehicle seat suspension is modelled. Then, an adaptive robust vibration control method is introduced: a base controller with an enhanced Youla parameterization is designed to turn it into a global stable controller set, followed by online tuning of the Q-parameters using an adaptive algorithm. The results of the vehicle seat vibration control were simulated in MATLAB/Simulink.
Ship collision avoidance control based on improved velocity obstacle method
Authors: Luo Fangwei , Yang Jie
Published: August 2023

The velocity obstacle method has extensive research in collision avoidance, which uses circles to represent robots or ships to find a collision-free velocity. To better describe the motion characteristics of ships, an improved velocity obstacle method based on elliptical ship domain is proposed in this paper. In the previous research on collision avoidance, the ship domains of the own ship and the target ship are seldom considered at the same time. This paper considers the ship domains of the own ship and the target ship at the same time and judges whether the ship domains of the two ships overlap based on the generalized characteristic polynomial. The heading angle is discretized to construct the velocity obstacle (VO) by calculating the collision velocity at different heading angles. Velocities on the boundaries of the velocity obstacle are used to find an optimal heading angle. The algorithm is tested in different encounter situations and successfully realizes collision avoidance.
Calibration of Heat Distortion and Vicat Softening Temperature Apparatus
Authors: Gong Wei , Zhang Wen , Zeng Lingjian , Ren Tingting , Zeng Cheng
Published: August 2023

Heat distortion and Vicat softening temperature apparatus are mainly used for measuring the thermal deformation temperature and Vicat softening point temperature of non-metallic materials. Parameters such as temperature indication error, heating rate error, deformation indication error, and mass indication error of loaded weights can directly decide the quality of heat distortion and Vicat softening temperature apparatus. There is no relevant calibration specification or method for heat distortion and Vicat softening temperature apparatus in China. This article presents a novel calibration method by determining corresponding environmental conditions, calibration standards, and calculation equations. The calibration results show that the method is scientific and practical for metrological performance evaluation of heat distortion and Vicat softening temperature apparatus.
Optimization of CNC Milling Parameters Based on Tool Life and Process Carbon Emission Prediction Models
Authors: Yi Wangyuan , Yin Ruixue
Published: August 2023

Aiming at the problems of short tool life and high carbon emission in the process of CNC milling, a multi-objective optimization method of process parameters based on the BP neural network and NSGA-II algorithm is proposed. Based on the data sets generated by CNC milling under different process parameters, with tool life and process carbon emissions as outputs and different process parameter combinations as inputs, a BP neural network-based tool life and process carbon emissions prediction model is constructed. Taking the maximum tool life and minimum process carbon emission as the optimization goals, the NSGA-II process parameter multi-objective optimization main model is constructed. The model is then used as the objective function of the main model and optimized to obtain the Pareto optimal solution set. The optimal solution decision is made on the Pareto optimal solution set using the Topsis method, and the optimal process parameter combination is obtained. The optimization results show that the method can accurately predict the tool life and process carbon emission of CNC milling. It can also effectively optimize the process parameters, which provides a new method for the low-carbon optimization of CNC milling parameters.
Fault diagnosis of train control onboard equipment based on Attention-Capsule Network
Authors: Zhao Xin , Zheng Yunshui
Published: August 2023

The onboard equipment of the train is a key component to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the train. Therefore, improving the fault detection ability of onboard equipment is crucial for the safe operation of trains. The driving log record file (AE-LOG) was generated by the CTCS-300T series control system (AE-LOG) as the starting point, and the improved capsule network (CAPSNET) as the research method was studied. By using the capsule network, this model greatly improves the attributes of text characteristics in high-dimensional space and low-dimensional space. At the same time, the routing method of the fusion attention mechanism is used to improve the efficiency of feature selection. Through experimental verification of operating data provided by a certain road bureau, and comparing with traditional models, the accuracy of the model in the control vehicle device fault diagnosis of the control of the vehicle is significantly improved, which shows the effectiveness of the model.
Uninsulated Track Circuit Parameter Adjustment and Ballast Resistance Analysis
Authors: Ma Tengfei , Zheng Yunshui , Xu Jing , Wang Jianfa
Published: August 2023

Uninsulated track circuits are increasingly used in railroad signaling equipment, but the external environment dramatically influences operating conditions. Using the relationship between uninsulated track circuits and ballast resistance, an equivalent four-terminal network model of track circuit transmission characteristics is constructed based on uniform transmission line theory to analyze the influence law of ballast resistance on track surface current. It also makes corresponding adjustments to the track circuit parameters to ensure that the track circuit can work reliably in all four different operating conditions to ensure the safety of railroad transportation.
Intelligent Parameter Identification and Sensorless Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Chen Tongyue , Liang Tiantian
Published: August 2023

In this paper, a spider monkey optimisation (SMO) algorithm is utilised to identify the parameters of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), considering the parameters vary during the motor operation, which affects the sensorless control (SC) performance of the motor. An improved sliding mode observer (SOBS) is proposed for estimating the position and speed of the rotor. First, the SMO algorithm is used to identify the parameters of PMSM. Then, based on the identification results, an improved SOBS is proposed by a piecewise Sigmoid function. Furthermore, the stator position and speed are estimated by extended state observer (ESO) and phase-locked loop (PLL). Finally, a comparison simulation scenario is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the suggested approach.
Flight state recognition for UAV optical flow velocity measurement
Authors: Gong Yu , Liu Xiaohong
Published: August 2023

For the visual navigation and positioning of drones, the optical flow algorithm is used to calculate the flight speed of the drone, the calculation errors of its rotation state, and the vertical take-off and landing state. Based on the characteristics of its optical flow data, this paper compares various classification calculation methods. It uses the median KNN curve of the optical flow vector to simplify its feature quantity. Finally, it realizes the motion of the UAV with the optical flow characteristics based on the SVM algorithm. State recognition experiments have proved that this method can effectively identify the motion state of the UAV, and the calculation efficiency is high.
A fast tunable driver of light source for the TRIDENT Pathfinder experiment
Authors: Tang J.N. , Wu W.H. , Li L. , Miao P. , Sun Z.Y. , Wang M.X. , Xu D.L.
Published: August 2023

TRIDENT (The tRopIcal DEep-sea Neutrino Telescope) is a
proposed next-generation neutrino telescope to be constructed in the
South China Sea. In September 2021, the TRIDENT Pathfinder
experiment (TRIDENT EXplorer, T-REX for short) was conducted to
evaluate the in-situ optical properties of seawater. The
T-REX experiment deployed three digital optical modules at a depth
of 3420 meters, including a light emitter module (LEM) and two light
receiver modules (LRMs) equipped with photomultiplier tubes (PMTs)
and cameras to detect light signals. The LEM emits light in pulsing
and steady modes. It features a fast tunable driver to activate
light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that emit nanosecond-width light pulses
with tunable intensity. The PMTs in the LRM receive single
photo-electron (SPE) signals with an average photon number of
approximately 0.3 per 1-microsecond time window, which is used to
measure the arrival time distribution of the SPE signals. The fast
tunable driver can be remotely controlled in real-time by the data
acquisition system onboard the research vessel, allowing for
convenient adjustments to the driver's parameters and facilitating
the acquisition of high-quality experimental data. This paper
describes the requirements, design scheme, and test results of the
fast tunable driver, highlighting its successful implementation in
the T-REX experiment and its potential for future deep-sea
experiments.
Exclusion model of mRNA translation with collision-induced ribosome drop-off
Authors: Keisers Johannes , Krug Joachim
Published: August 2023

The translation of messenger RNA transcripts to proteins is commonly modeled as a one-dimensional totally asymmetric exclusion process with extended particles. Here we focus on the effects of premature termination of translation through the irreversible detachment of ribosomes. We consider a model where the detachment is induced by the unsuccessful attempt to move to an occupied site. The model is exactly solvable in a simplified geometry consisting of the translation initiation region followed by a single slow site representing a translation bottleneck. In agreement with recent experimental and computational studies we find a non-monotonic dependence of the ribosome current on the initiation rate, but only if the leading particle in a colliding pair detaches. Simulations show that the effect persists for larger lattices and extended bottlenecks. In the homogeneous system the ribosome density decays asymptotically as the inverse square root of the distance to the initiation site.
Adding integrable defects to the Boussinesq equation
Authors: Corrigan E , Zambon C
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this paper is to extend the store of models able to support integrable defects by investigating the two-dimensional Boussinesq nonlinear wave equation. As has been previously noted in many examples, insisting that a defect contributes to energy and momentum to ensure their conservation, despite the presence of discontinuities and the explicit breaking of translation invariance, leads to sewing conditions relating the two fields and their derivatives on either side of the defect. The manner in which several types of soliton solutions to the Boussinesq equation are affected by the defect is explored and reveals new effects that have not been observed in other integrable systems, such as the possibility of a soliton reflecting from a defect or of a defect decaying into one or two solitons.
The quantum harmonic oscillator with icosahedral symmetry and some explicit wavefunctions
Authors: Dunkl Charles F
Published: August 2023

The Dunkl Laplacian is used to define the Hamiltonian of a modified quantum harmonic oscillator, associated with any finite reflection group. The potential is a sum of the inverse squares of the linear functions whose zero sets are the mirrors of the group’s reflections. The symmetric group version of this is known as the Calogero-Moser model of N identical particles on a line. This paper focuses on the group of symmetries of the regular icosahedron, associated to the root system of type H3. Special wavefunctions are defined by a generating function arising from the vertices of the icosahedron and have the key property of allowing easy calculation of the effect of the Dunkl Laplacian. The ground state is the product of a Gaussian function with powers of linear functions coming from the root system. Two types of wavefunctions are considered, inhomogeneous polynomials with specified top-degree part, and homogeneous harmonic polynomials. The squared norms for both types are explicitly calculated. Symmetrization is applied to produce the invariant polynomials of both types, as well as their squared norms. The action of the angular momentum square on the harmonic homogeneous polynomials is determined. There is also a sixth-order operator commuting with the Hamiltonian and the group action.
Hybrid Koopman
C∗
–formalism and the hybrid quantum–classical master equation
*
Authors: Bouthelier-Madre C , Clemente-Gallardo J , González-Bravo L , Martínez-Crespo D
Published: August 2023

Based on Koopman formalism for classical statistical mechanics, we propose a formalism to define hybrid quantum–classical dynamical systems by defining (outer) automorphisms of the

C
∗

algebra of hybrid operators and realizing them as linear transformations on the space of hybrid states. These hybrid states are represented as density matrices on the Hilbert space obtained from the hybrid

C
∗

–algebra by the GNS construction. We also classify all possible dynamical systems which are unitary and obtain the possible hybrid Hamiltonian operators.
Irrigation Water Requirements in Regions along Euphrates River in Iraq: Role and implications of Climate Change
Authors: Dagher Dheyaa H , Obead Imad H
Published: August 2023

This research aimed to predict how projected climate change will affect the quantity of water needed for irrigation. The case study focused on the Iraqi cities of Anbar and Babylon, located in the Euphrates River Basin (ERB). The CROPWAT model was fed by current and future climate data. Three climate change scenarios for the reference period from 1995-2014, SSP1-2.6 (2020-2039) and SSP2- 4.5 (2040-2059), were implemented in this research. The obtained results showed that annual increases in the temperature for Anbar are 1.1 and 1.85 °C, and for Babylon, they are 0.9 and 1.88 °C for the two scenarios SSP1- 2.6 and SSP2-4.5 concerning the reference period scenario. In addition, the annual decrease in precipitation is 3.61 and 4.63 mm for Anbar and 3.61 and 2.66 mm for Babylon Province. The average annual reference evapotranspiration for the three climate scenarios is 157, 202, and 206 mm for Anbar and 187.5, 195.6, and 224 mm for Babylon Province. The total annual irrigation water requirements for the crop growth cycle are 1.10, 1.43, and 1.46 for Anbar and 3.96, 4.13, and 4.76 billion cubic meters for Babylon.
Identification the Hydrogeochemical Facies of Groundwater in Rutba-Dhabaa, Western Iraq Using Multivariate Statistics Methods
Authors: Al-Heety Emad A , Al-Kubaisi Mahmood H , Al-Kubaisi Qusai Y , Jasim Ammar A
Published: August 2023

The groundwater in the Rutba-Dhabaa region in Western Iraq has been studied using multiple statistical methods. These methods proved successful in giving a hydrochemical description of water as an alternative to the Piper scheme, and therefore they can be relied upon in future studies, whether for groundwater or surface water. The groundwater in the Rutba-Dhabaa region is hard and the percentage of calcium is high, due to the type of rocks incubating that groundwater, represented by the carbonate rocks that make up the Mulussa aquifer in the study area. According to the Piper diagram, correlation matrix analysis, cluster analysis, and principle component analysis, the hydrogeochemical facies are: Class 1 (Ca2+ - Mg2+ - Cl− - SO4
2-) where the wells (W1, W4, W13, W15, W16, W17, W20) fall within the category I (SO4
2- - Cl− and Ca2+ - Mg2+) and rest of the samples falls within the category V (Mixing zone); Class 1 (Ca2+ - Mg2+ - Na+ - SO4
2-- Cl− - HCO3
−), Class 2 (Na+ - Ca2+ - SO4
2-), and Class 3 (Na+ - HCO3
−); Class 1 (Mg2+, Na+, and K+), Class 2 (HCO3
−and SO4
2-), and Class 3 (Cl− and Ca2+); and Class 1 (Mg2+, HCO3
−, and Cl−), and Class 2 (Na+, K+, and SO4
2-) respectively.
Spatial and Temporal Analyses of Precipitation and Temperature in Iraq
Authors: Alattar Mustafa H , Attiya Bashar H
Published: August 2023

Historical climate observations show that Iraq, and the rest of the world, is passing through a dramatic change in precipitation and temperature for the last twenty decades. Temperature trends are increasing with extreme precipitation events causing flooding, heatwaves, and drought affecting millions of people and costing billions. This study is focusing on the trends, seasonal variability, and the relationship between precipitation and temperature in Iraq. The study includes two analyses, spatial and temporal. The spatial analysis is investigating the relationships between precipitation and four other parameters: ground elevation, temperature, latitude, and longitude. The purpose of this analysis is to see how well precipitation is correlated spatially to these climatological and topographical variables. Results show that there is a good relationship between precipitation and latitude, which represents the distance from the equator, with coefficients of determination, R2, of 0.907. Temperature and elevation have a weak spatial relationship with precipitation, especially in the western part of the country. The second analysis includes the temporal trends of precipitation and temperature. Temporal analysis of precipitation shows the extreme climate events by calculating the error of observed precipitation from the best fit curve of historical data. Finally, both spatial and temporal analyses of precipitation were validated using different periods of observed data. The first 50% of the data was used for calibration and the second 50% of the data for validation and verse versa. Results show that calibrated equations have similar coefficients of determination compared with the validation results. In general, the relationships between monthly precipitation and both seasonality change and temperature are weak with coefficients of determination, R2, of 0.697 and 0.6858 respectively.
Effect of Date Residues and Organic Acids on Some Physical Properties of Gypsiferous Soil
Authors: Alalwani Sara A. , Alkhateb Bassam H.
Published: August 2023

A laboratory experiment was carried out at the College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, located at 43°20‘09.7“E longitude, 33°25‘36.7“N latitude for the period from 1/10/2021 to 1/10/2022, to study the effect of date residues, organic acids, and wetting / drying cycles on some physical properties of gypsiferous soil. The soil was selected from the site of the Fallujah palm station that located at longitude 43º51'. 05. 36 E. and latitude 33º17'. 46. 82‘N., date residues were added in three levels, without addition (comparison treatment), 0.1% and 0.2% mixed with soil. Organic acids was added at 0% and 0.1% and packaged in plastic cylinders and the treatments were exposed for two levels of wetting and drying cycles (6 and 8) cycles. The stability of aggregates, dispersion ratio, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and cumulative infiltration were measured. The results showed that the addition of date residues by 0.2% improved all the physical properties. Aggregates stability values increased by 13.41% and saturated hydraulic conductivity values decreased, which reached 4.33 cm.h-1. Accumulator infiltration up to 24.01cm and the capillary height reached to 40.0 cm, while the dispersion rate decreased to 37. 27%. The aggregates stability increased and the dispersion ratio, water conductivity and infiltration decreased by adding organic acids when their averages reached 12.12%, 40.77%, 5.19 cm-1 and 21.41cm, respectively. Increasing the number of wetting / drying cycles negatively affected most of the studied properties, as the dispersion ratio increased to 42.08%, and the cumulative infiltration decreased to 21.73 cm.
Adsorption, Isotherms, and Kinetics for Phenol Removal on Biochar Prepared from Wheat Husk
Authors: Al Rawi Marwa F , Al Kindi Ghayda Yaseen , Al Refaae Jwad Kadham , Hussain Tariq Abed , Al-Haidri Husam A.
Published: August 2023

In this study, wheat husks were transformed into biochar (BCs). It has been used to remove phenol from the wastewater. BCs it was prepared by hydrothermal carbonization and after activation with H3PO4 Therapy. the Tube furnace were used for carbonization. many examinations were used to study the BC properties such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). in batch reactor, the operation condition were studied by many parameter in different dose, such as (pH, doses of BC and phenol ). also, to determine maximum removal efficiency of phenol on biochar. From results the best operating condition were pH and contact time 4, 1 hr, the BC dose 0.5 g / L, and 50mg/L for phenol dose. with constant for others parameters such as (agitation velocity of 150 rpm, ambient temperature, and initial phenol concentration 50 mg /L). the maximum removal efficiency for phenol reach to (84%). the second order was the best adsorption kinetic. Freundlich isotherm model has introduced a fair description for sorption, so, the BC could be utilized effectively as an adsorbent.