bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concepções de sujeito e autonomia na humanização em saúde: uma revisão bibliográfica das experiências na assistência hospitalar
Authors: Silva Atila Mendes da , Sá Marilene de Castilho , Miranda Lilian
Published: November 2013

Este trabalho buscou analisar as concepções de sujeito e autonomia presentes em artigos científicos sobre experiências de humanização desenvolvidas em hospitais brasileiros, publicados entre 2004 e 2010. Realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico na base de dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, a partir dos descritores "humanização da assistência hospitalar" e "humanização da atenção hospitalar", elegendo-se para análise artigos que apresentavam propostas de intervenção ou avaliação da assistência hospitalar, com foco na humanização. Percebeu-se que grande parte dos artigos enfatiza que as iniciativas de humanização devem proporcionar uma compreensão mais ampliada dos usuários, sensível a aspectos que os autores avaliam como negligenciadas nos serviços de saúde, tais como o reconhecimento da singularidade, complexidade e individualidade. Já os trabalhadores são entendidos como portadores de certo voluntarismo pessoal e como sujeitos que devem ativar suas habilidades para a humanização do cuidado em saúde. Entretanto, a análise desses artigos permite apontar a escassez de discussões acerca das dimensões intersubjetivas, organizacionais, político-institucionais e sociais que envolvem os projetos de humanização. Os sujeitos - profissionais e usuários, são entendidos, predominantemente, a partir de concepções que ressaltam o individualismo e desconsideram a rede de dependências inerente às relações humanas, os jogos de poder e os afetos (amistosos e hostis) que as alimentam. Aponta-se, por fim, um distanciamento das concepções de sujeito e autonomia presentes nos artigos analisados com relação às proposições presentes na Política Nacional de Humanização e na produção teórica do campo do planejamento e gestão em saúde.
Gestão da humanização das práticas de saúde: o caso do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
Authors: Rios Izabel Cristina , Battistella Linamara Rizzo
Published: November 2013

OBJETIVO: apresentar e discutir em termos conceituais e metodológicos o desenvolvimento da humanização das práticas de saúde enquanto política institucional, ou conjunto de diretrizes norteadoras de ações para uma cultura institucional de valores humanísticos, em um serviço-escola do SUS. MÉTODO: na modalidade de estudo de caso, o Complexo "Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo" apresentou-se como objeto de estudo por ser uma organização pública de saúde referência de ensino, pesquisa e assistência. Fez-se levantamento documental relativo à humanização no período 2005 a 2012, e procedeu-se à análise descritiva de cenários e processos, assim como análise interpretativa à luz das referências teóricas adotadas. RESULTADOS: para desenvolver a humanização no Complexo, estruturou-se uma rede colaborativa constituída por coordenação e 16 grupos do Complexo. Entre as várias ações de construção da Rede, destacou-se o curso de capacitação de coordenadores para a metodologia da humanização que consiste em: por meio de ferramentas e técnicas de avaliação organizacional e de planejamento, identificar situações críticas nas interações com usuários, colaboradores ou equipes, definir ações junto às áreas-problema, e monitorar tais ações com indicadores. Os trabalhos articulados às diretrizes da Rede, em 2010, somavam 120 e em 2012, 411 ações. O modelo da Rede Humaniza FMUSPHC apresenta-se como estratégia de gestão em humanização na área da Saúde que permite ultrapassar o estado de ações pontuais na vida institucional por adotar uma visão sistêmica e organizada, tecnicamente amparada para a implantação de política que almeja desenvolver a cultura da humanização.
A produção acadêmica em fisioterapia: um estudo de teses a partir dos pressupostos epistemológicos de Fleck
Authors: Chesani Fabíola Hermes
Published: November 2013

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a produção acadêmica de teses em fisioterapia publicadas no banco de Teses da Capes. Neste estudo foram selecionados e listados os resumos que se relacionaram com a Fisioterapia. De um universo de 135 teses localizadas no banco de teses foram consideradas e analisadas 85, entre os anos de 1987 a 2009. O estudo foi orientado por pressupostos epistemológicos de Fleck, mais especificamente as categorias estilo de pensamento, coletivo de pensamento, circulação intracoletiva e intercoletiva de pensamento. A sistematização dos dados foi realizada por meio de um quadro sinóptico contendo os seguintes dados: título do trabalho, ano de defesa, autor, palavras-chave, orientador, instituição à qual pertence o trabalho, temática investigada, modalidade da pesquisa. Diante das temáticas analisadas, é possível que estejamos diante de dois estilos de pensamento que parecem nortear as pesquisas em fisioterapia. O primeiro estilo é o de avaliação fisioterápica, epidemiologia e tratamento fisioterápico. Este estilo está na fase de transformação e aglutina um conjunto de pesquisas que priorizam aspectos epistemológicos que se denomina empiristas e são investigadas de forma desvinculada da dinâmica social mais ampla. Já o segundo estilo de pensamento é de educação em saúde, promoção à saúde, formação profissional e ética. Está na fase de instauração e prioriza aspectos epistemológicos; emana do realismo, afina-se fortemente com o modelo construtivista, relaciona-se fortemente ao contexto histórico-social. O percurso das temáticas das teses foi processual, em que velhas questões de pesquisa estão cedendo lugar a novos questionamentos.
Adoção da energia solar fotovoltaica em hospitais: revisando a literatura e algumas experiências internacionais
Authors: Santos Juliane Barbosa dos , Jabbour Charbel José Chiappetta
Published: November 2013

O Sol possui um papel de extrema importância para a existência dos seres humanos e o Brasil possui uma posição geográfica privilegiada para explorar a luz solar. A união desses dois fatores favorece o uso de células solares para conversão de energia solar em energia elétrica por meio da tecnologia fotovoltaica, tornando-se ótima alternativa de energia, principalmente por ser uma fonte limpa, gerando menores danos ao meio ambiente. Este trabalho tem por objetivo abordar a tecnologia fotovoltaica tendo como foco analítico os hospitais, por meio de casos de sucesso encontrados na literatura internacional. Os hospitais, mesmo executando serviços de total importância à sociedade, apresentam potencial poluidor capaz de causar danos à saúde das pessoas e ao meio ambiente que se localiza ao seu redor. Há estimativas de que as reservas brasileiras de petróleo sejam suficientes para 22 anos, tornando-se necessária a busca por novas fontes alternativas para a geração de energia.
El secuestro como abandono: adopciones e institucionalizaciones de niños durante la última dictadura militar argentina
Authors: Regueiro Sabina Amantze
Published: November 2013

Este artículo analiza la tramitación de adopciones e institucionalizaciones de hijos de detenidos-desaparecidos durante la última dictadura militar argentina (1976-1983), que derivaron en la apropiación de los niños y su futura localización por Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo. A partir de la reconstrucción de tres casos judiciales en los cuales el secuestro de los padres por las FFAA y de Seguridad llevó a declarar a sus hijos en estado de "abandono" - a pesar de la búsqueda y denuncia de sus familiares - se propone ofrecer una mirada crítica sobre las categorías jurídicas, las nociones y las prácticas utilizadas en un contexto de acción privilegiado del Trabajo Social, los tribunales de menores, donde las decisiones de los agentes judiciales han sido cruciales en la resolución de los casos. El objetivo es contribuir al debate en torno a la problemática de la adopción que atraviesa la compleja relación entre derecho, parentesco y política.
Processos de organização de catadores de materiais recicláveis: lutas e conformações
Authors: Bortoli Mari Aparecida
Published: November 2013

O propósito deste ensaio é indicar algumas tendências de análise acerca dos processos de organização socioeconômica de catadores de materiais recicláveis. Para isso, reúne publicações que discutem aspectos históricos das iniciativas de organização do segmento e da constituição de mecanismos institucionais voltados para as atividades de coleta seletiva. Observa-se a existência de um campo de disputas, tensões e resistências que converge para o fortalecimento das lutas desses trabalhadores e para a conformação das atividades que desenvolvem. O texto é oriundo de uma pesquisa bibliográfica realizada para fins de elaboração de tese de doutorado da autora.
Spatio-temporal distribution of fish larvae in relation to ontogeny and water quality in the oligohaline zone of a North Brazilian estuary
Authors: Sarpedonti Valérie , Anunciação Érica Moema Silva da , Bordalo Adriana Oliveira
Published: November 2013

Larval fish assemblage in Guajará Bay was studied through four quarterly field campaigns and discussed in relation to individuals' development stages and exposure to contaminants poured out by the Pará State Capital City, Belém. Larval densities were low and diversity extremely poor with a strong dominance of clupeids, engraulids and, to a lower extent, sciaenids. The main spawning season was registered at the onset of the rainy period. Pre-flexion and flexion clupeiforms remained in the farmost stations from the city while post-flexion larvae were found near urban activity centres. Unlikely, pre-flexion and flexion sciaenids were scattered along the city waterfront. Post-flexion larvae were rare; it is suggested that sciaenids use the bay as a transitory route between their spawning grounds and more distant nursery grounds. The waters around the city of Belém showed signs of contamination. However, based on the literature, Guajará Bay environmental quality at the time of the study was suitable for fish larvae life. Nitrate with pH best explained larval distribution.
Microhabitat use and diet of Anotosaura vanzolinia(Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) in a Caatinga area, Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Bruno Halluan Soares de , Pessanha André Luiz Machado
Published: November 2013

This study aimed to analyze the microhabitat use and diet of the lizard Gymnophthalmidae Anotosaura vanzolinia (Dixon 1974) in the Complexo Aluízio Campos (7° 16′ 34″ S, 35° 53′ 7″ W), an area of the Caatinga in the Campina Grande, Paraíba. We studied a total of 12 transects by active searching during the daytime. In each sample, habitat and microhabitat types occupied by the specimen were categorized, together with solar incidence and soil type. For all individuals, morphometric measurements were performed, as well as dissection for stomach content analysis. We collected a total of 46 individuals, with a snout-vent length ranging between 19 and 45 mm, collected over all habitats, with prevalence in soil and earthy litter microhabitats near rocky outcrops. The dietary analysis showed a use of items of soil fauna and identified 14 types of prey, mainly insects such as termites and ants. It was observed that smaller individuals (SVL < 30 mm) fed mainly on Hymenoptera (Family Formicidae), whereas larger individuals (SVL > 30 mm) selected Isoptera.
Anuros da Estação Ecológica de Santa Bárbara, um remanescente de formações abertas de Cerrado no estado de São Paulo
Authors: Araujo Cybele de Oliveira , Corrêa Décio Tadeu , Santos Selma Maria de Almeida
Published: November 2013

Apesar de São Paulo ser o estado do país que possui o maior conhecimento sobre sua fauna de anuros, ainda persistem consideráveis vazios amostrais, sobretudo nos remanescentes de Cerrado do estado. Somente 0,5% deste bioma encontram-se protegidos por unidades de conservação no estado e os fragmentos remanescentes sofrem ameaças que incluem o isolamento, risco de incêndios e invasão por espécies vegetais exóticas. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi gerar informações sobre as espécies de anuros presentes na Estação Ecológica de Santa Bárbara, um dos poucos remanescentes com formações abertas de Cerrado da bacia hidrográfica do Médio Paranapanema. O levantamento das espécies foi realizado mensalmente entre outubro/2008 a março/2009, totalizando 30 dias de inventário. A amostragem foi realizada por meio de armadilhas de interceptação e queda, encontro ocasional, procura auditiva e procura visual. Registramos 33 espécies pertencentes a 14 gêneros e seis famílias (Bufonidae, Cycloramphidae, Hylidae, Leiuperidae, Leptodactylidae e Microhylidae). Embora a riqueza de espécies não tenha sido diferente entre as formações vegetais abertas e florestais, registrou-se uma maior abundância de anuros nas formações savânicas, refletindo a maior associação dos indivíduos aos corpos d'água presentes nas fitofisionomias abertas durante o período reprodutivo. Este estudo é uma importante contribuição para ampliar o conhecimento sobre a fauna de anuros no Cerrado, um doshotspots mundiais prioritários para a conservação biológica.
As múltiplas dimensões da educação ambiental: por uma ampliação da abordagem
Authors: Pelegrini Djalma Ferreira , Vlach Vânia Rúbia Farias
Published: November 2013

Tendo em vista os desafios propostos aos professores, e considerando as peculiaridades da sociedade moderna e industrial, o presente artigo aborda a temática da educação ambiental no Brasil. As discussões sobre a problemática ambiental raramente conseguem alcançar o plano do ensino escolar, em nível fundamental e médio, fazendo persistir a distância entre universidade e escola de formação básica, entre debate acadêmico acerca da problemática ambiental e educação ambiental. O tema da conservação ambiental não é apenas um desafio didático-pedagógico, como vem sendo tratado por muitos educadores, mas diz respeito a uma problemática muito mais complexa. O trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a necessidade de ampliação da discussão, de maneira que possibilite o tratamento de temas fundamentais, geralmente discutidos no campo da política, da economia, e da sociologia, como estratégia de sensibilização e compreensão da problemática ambiental. A pesquisa foi conduzida a partir da análise dos condicionantes da problemática ambiental, e do estudo do processo de incorporação da temática ambiental nas disciplinas do grupo das ciências sociais. Como resultado, a crise ambiental é entendida como mais um sintoma da crise da modernidade, que se manifesta não apenas por intermédio do desajuste ambiental, mas também por meio do agravamento dos problemas sociais, políticos e econômicos.
As paisagens literárias na obra de Jorge Amado: navegando com(o) turcos à descoberta da América
Authors: Castro Fátima Velez de
Published: November 2013

A relação entre a Geografia e a Literatura é bilateral: por um lado os escritores tomam o espaço como referência para a concepção e estruturação das suas obras; por outro os geógrafos compreendem dinâmicas territoriais através de pistas literárias. Dessa forma, a escrita ficcional, como instrumento de trabalho, ganha importância no contexto técnico, assim como no plano didáctico. Tendo como base analítica o quadro teórico estruturante dos sistemas migratórios transatlânticos, pretende-se reflectir sobre alguns pontos específicos dos percursos geográficos, sociais e económicos da emigração árabe para o Brasil, no início do século XX, tendo como base "A descoberta da América pelos Turcos" (1994), de Jorge Amado.
Vulnerabilidade socioambiental do baixo curso da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Cocó, Fortaleza-CE
Authors: Zanella Maria Elisa , Olímpio João Luís , Costa Maria Clélia Lustosa , Dantas Eustógio Wanderley Correia
Published: November 2013

O presente estudo trata da vulnerabilidade ambiental, social e socioambiental do baixo curso da bacia hidrográfica do rio Cocó, em Fortaleza-CE. A metodologia consistiu na utilização dos Sistemas de Informações Geográficas para elaboração e integração dos mapas de geologia, geomorfologia, pedologia, cobertura vegetal, uso e infraestrutura urbana e dados sociais e econômicos, a fim de se obter a vulnerabilidade natural, ambiental, social e por fim, a socioambiental. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os ambientes de maior vulnerabilidade ambiental coexistem com os de maior vulnerabilidade social, ampliando os problemas socioambientais daqueles espaços. O mapeamento da vulnerabilidade visa contribuir para o planejamento urbano-ambiental do baixo curso da bacia e neste sentido os Sistemas de Geoinformação foram fundamentais para a sua espacialização.
Depósitos eólicos inativos do sub-médio São Francisco, evidências de atividade eólica durante o Pleistoceno, Pernambuco, nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Ferreira Bruno , Correa Antônio Carlos de Barros , Barreto Alcina Magnólia Franca
Published: November 2013

Esse estudo teve como objetivo compreender a dinâmica de evolução geológica recente do vale do Rio São Francisco, no Estado de Pernambuco. A metodologia utilizada compreende dois tipos de análises: uma geomorfológica a partir da realização de mapeamento de detalhe, identificando uma unidade morfoestrutural e suas respectivas morfoesculturas, a outra geocronológica, com idades obtidas por Luminescência Opticamente Estimulada. Os resultados mostram dois conjuntos morfoesculturais eólicos elaborados ao longo do Pleistoceno tardio, com atividade deposicional até a transição para o Holoceno. A metodologia utilizada se mostrou bastante satisfatória, contudo a região ainda muito é carente de dados paleoambientais.
Sediment response to tsunami loading: mechanisms and estimates
Authors: YEH H. , MASON H.B.
Published: November 2013

Tsunami effects on soil stability are evaluated by imposing hypothetical, but typical, tsunami loads on an idealised beach condition of a plane beach with homogeneous sediments. Under this model tsunami condition, the extent of sediment motion in the form of bed load and suspended load on the beach is demonstrated. Sediment motions are particularly significant in the nearshore area between the initial shoreline and the maximum tsunami drawdown. During the drawdown phase, pore-pressure gradients develop by rapid reduction in water pressure on the bed, creating soil instability, and triggering momentary liquefaction in some locations. Such effects of pore-pressure gradients are quantitatively evaluated with a proposed modified Shields parameter. The analysis used for the model tsunami case is further applied to laboratory data and real field data collected in Kesen-numa, Japan, during the 2011 East Japan tsunami.
Environmental degradation of claystones
Authors: PINEDA J.A. , ALONSO E.E. , ROMERO E.
Published: November 2013

The paper presents the results of a comprehensive experimental programme carried out to study the effects of relative humidity cycling on the degradation of argillaceous rocks. Lilla claystone, a low-porosity Tertiary rock, was used for this purpose. Four aspects were analysed: (a) the influence of the number of relative humidity cycles; (b) the amplitude of relative humidity cycles; (c) the stress level; and (d) the effects of using liquid water or vapour during wetting paths. The application of relative humidity cycles induced a progressive degradation of the rock in terms of accumulative irreversible volumetric swelling, irreversible reduction in rock stiffness, and tensile strength. The irreversible expansion increased with the amplitude of the relative humidity change. However, it reduced with increase of the confining pressure. This irreversible behaviour accelerated when liquid water was used during the wetting paths. Microstructural analysis has shown that the degradation pattern of Lilla claystone was associated mainly with fissuring, as a consequence of non-uniform deformations of the clayey matrix. This phenomenon leads to the opening of fissures at the weaker interfaces of the clayey matrix with detrital, non-active minerals. A damage law derived in terms of the accumulated volumetric irreversible strain has been proposed to represent the progressive loss in volumetric and shear stiffness as well as the tensile strength.
Suicide Prevention as a Prerequisite for Recovery from Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Foster Tom J.
Published: November 2013

For a significant number of people suffering from severe mental illness (SMI) prevention of suicide is a prerequisite for their recovery. This review summarises and interprets risk/protective factors for suicide in the context of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, thereby enabling evidence-based suicide risk assessment and management. A history of self-harm greatly increases suicide risk among people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Suicide prevention for patients with SMI necessitates constant vigilance by (mental) health and social care professionals in contact with them, particularly those with a history of self-harm, males, young people, those near illness onset, people with a family history of suicidal behaviour (especially suicide), victims of childhood abuse, those challenged by recent adverse life events (notably interpersonal conflict), people with aggressive/impulsive personality features, and those who have expressed hopelessness. Research suggests that suicide risk associated with SMI should be reduced by early intervention, restricting access to lethal means, improvement of treatment adherence, treating more patients with clozapine and lithium, assertive outreach, treating psychiatric comorbidity (depression, alcohol/drug misuse, etc.), 24-hour crisis care, timely (compulsory) hospitalization (sufficient bed provision imperative), improving psychiatric inpatient ward safety, lowering the risk of absconding from wards, appropriate use of electroconvulsive therapy, intensive follow-up postdischarge, and improving access to psychological/psychosocial interventions, notably cognitive behavioural therapy. The clinical interview is the optimum method of suicide risk assessment and locally developed risk assessment tools should not be used. Evidence-based suicide risk assessment/management within primary care and secondary mental health services warrants recurrent, mandatory training.
A note on Rakic duality principle for Osserman manifolds
Authors: Nikolayevsky Yuri , Rakic Zoran
Published: November 2013

We prove that for a Riemannian manifold, the pointwise Osserman condition is
equivalent to the Rakic duality principle.
C1-structure on the cohomology of the free 2-nilpotent lie algebra
Authors: Dubois-Violette Michel , Popov Todor
Published: November 2013

We consider the free 2-step nilpotent Lie algebra and its cohomology ring.
The homotopy transfer induces a homotopy commutative algebra on its
cohomology ring which we describe. We show that this cohomology is generated
in degree 1 as C1-algebra only by the induced binary and ternary operations.
Geodesic mappings on compact riemannian manifolds with conditions on sectional curvature
Authors: Hinterleitner Irena
Published: November 2013

We found new criteria for sectional curvatures on compact Riemannian
manifolds for which geodesic mappings are affine, and, moreover, homothetic.
A note on curvature-like invariants of some connections on locally decomposable spaces
Authors: Pusic Nevena
Published: November 2013

We consider an n-dimensional locally product space with p and q dimensional
components (p + q = n) with parallel structure tensor, which means that such
a space is locally decomposable. If we introduce a conformal transformation
on such a space AB, it will have an invariant curvature-type tensor, the
so-called product conformal curvature tensor (PC-tensor). Here we consider
two connections, (F, g)-holomorphically semisymmetric one and
F-holomorphically semisymmetric one, both with gradient generators. They
both have curvature-like invariants and they are both equal to PC-tensor.
Accounting Conservatism, Earnings Persistence, and Pricing Multiples on Earnings
Authors: Chen Lucy Huajing , Folsom David M. , Paek Wonsun , Sami Heibatollah
Published: November 2013

SYNOPSIS

We examine the effect of accounting conservatism on earnings persistence and the stock market's valuation of earnings. Using a sample of U.S. companies during the period of 1988–2010, we find that firms with more conservative accounting generate less persistent earnings than firms with less conservative accounting. We also document that the pricing multiple on more conservative earnings is smaller than pricing multiples on less conservative earnings. Finally, we show that conditionally conservative earnings are less persistent than unconditionally conservative earnings, and the pricing multiple on earnings is smaller for conditionally conservative earnings than for unconditionally conservative earnings. Our results improve our understanding of the characteristics of conservatively reported earnings.

JEL Classifications: M41; C23; D21; G38; N20
Audit and Tax Career Paths in Public Accounting: An Analysis of Student and Professional Perceptions
Authors: Dalton Derek W. , Buchheit Steve , McMillan Jeffrey J.
Published: November 2013

SYNOPSIS

Upper-division accounting students frequently direct their public accounting careers toward audit or tax “tracks” based on what appears to be limited information. Surprisingly, prior research has not investigated the factors that affect this fundamentally important career decision. We conduct two surveys to investigate the relevant factors of the audit-tax decision from the perspectives of upper-division accounting students and experienced public accounting professionals. Our student survey documents the underlying factors that influence the audit-tax decision. For example, accounting students who plan to pursue careers in audit believe that they will have more client interaction, better future job opportunities (i.e., industry positions), and greater knowledge of business processes if they work in audit (as opposed to tax). In contrast, accounting students who plan to pursue careers in tax perceive that they will have a more stable daily routine, develop more specialized skills, and build more collaborative client relationships if they work in tax (as opposed to audit). While our public accounting respondents agree with many of the students' perceptions, professionals also disagree with several of the students' perceptions, suggesting misimpressions of practice. Our results should be of interest to the accounting professionals, firm recruiters, and accounting professors who advise future accounting professionals.

Data Availability: Data are available upon request.
The Relationship between Audit Report Lags and Future Restatements
Authors: Blankley Alan I. , Hurtt David N. , MacGregor Jason E.
Published: November 2013

We investigate the relationship between future financial statement restatements and audit report lags. Audit report lags are defined as the number of days between the fiscal year-end and the date of the audit report. Ex ante, it is not clear whether there should be a relationship and, if there is, whether that relationship would be negative or positive. We first discuss the underlying conceptual rationale for both negative and positive associations, then we use a two-stage approach to empirically examine the relationship. We find that compared to non-restating firms, firms that eventually restate their financial statements have longer abnormal audit report lags. In subsequent testing, we consider a number of factors that may undermine additional audit effort and, thus, influence the association between audit report lag and subsequent restatements. Of the factors examined, we find that time pressure appears to be associated with increased probability of financial restatements.
Discussion of the Secondary School System in Czechoslovakia Following the Second World War
Authors: Vaculík Jaroslav
Published: November 2013

This article considers the views of supporters and opponents of the introduction of a unified primary school system in the first half of the 20th century.
Areas of cooperation or competition – rapport or conflict? The Polish-Czechoslovakian relations exemplified by the activity of Polish cultural and educational associations in Czechoslovakia in the years 1947–1958
Authors: Piwowarczyk Mirosław
Published: November 2013

The postwar Czechoslovakian and Polish relations were not the most cordial, as the cooperation was disturbed by mutual territorial claims, as well as by various expectations regarding the national minorities. It caused a rise in mistrust between the Polish and Czech as well as Slovakian nations, generating conflicts and mutual accusations. The state of the relations has changed after the 10th of March 1947 when The Treaty of Friendship and Mutual Assistance between the Republic of Poland and the Republic of Czechoslovakia was signed. Political agreement helped to improve relations regarding a number of contentious issues, particularly in the treatment of national minorities. One of the main provisions arising from the records of the Protocol-Appendix from the Treaty was necessity of the settlement of the Polish cultural and educational organization on the territory of Czechoslovakia. In June 1947 the government of Czechoslovakia completing the arrangements approved the statutes of the Treaty and allowed the operating of the Polish Cultural and Educational Association in Czechoslovakia. Association conducted a large-scale cultural and educational activity, and therefore played a great role in education and integration of Polish minority in Zaolzie. It affected the nature of the relationship, and mutual contacts between the Polish and the Czechs and Slovaks.
Protection of the Cultural Heritage in the Polish, Czech and German Borderland as Educational Challenge
Authors: Dziubacka Krystyna
Published: November 2013

The article is focused on the attitudes of inhabitants of the Polish-German-Czech borderland towards the cultural landscape of the region. Given the historical, legal and administrative or mental determinants, an attempt was made to characterise the formation of the climate of these lands and to show the attitude of the current inhabitants (particularly on the Polish side of the borderlands) towards the cultural heritage of Upper Lusatia. This article also addresses the topic of the need to continue the existing efforts and initiate new ones, indicating their educational dimension. The joint Polish-Czech-German programmes aim to support the preservation of the historic architecture by increasing awareness of its direct users, as well as by competently improving its technical condition.
Czechs and Poles in the Middle Ages. Rivalry, Cooperation and Alliances
Authors: Krafl Pavel
Published: November 2013

The article contains a description of the development of Czech-Polish relations in the Middle Ages. The author divides Czech-Polish relations in the Middle Ages into three periods. The first period (10th–12th centuries) is characterised by frequent conflicts and rivalry in the struggle for dominion over East-Central Europe. The second period (from the beginning of the 13th century to the 1330s) is characterized by more peaceful relations and the subsequent expansion of Czech power into Silesia and Poland. This period ends in the 1330s, when the newly-established power and political arrangements were formally accepted. The third period (from the 1330s to the beginning of the 16th century) sees a growth in mutual sympathies between the two nations and, at the same time, the rejection of the Czech “heresy” by the Poles. This resulted in the Czech throne being taken up by a Polish dynasty.
Dosimetry in the human head for two types of mobile phone antennas at GSM frequencies
Authors: Karli Radouane , Ammor Hassan , Terhzaz Jaouad
Published: November 2013

In this paper, a comparative study of dipole and patch antennas commonly used in portable telephones is investigated. The two models antennas are considered working at 900, 1800 and 2450 MHz bands. Thus, we have included different distances between the mobile phone and the human head model. This study shows the effects of electromagnetic waves on the human head model. The objective is to evaluate the SAR in simulation anatomic based model of the human head for different antenna-head distances and in many frequencies. All numerical simulations results are performed using Ansoft HFSS software.
From the mouth of God
Authors: Forbess Alice , Michelutti Lucia
Published: November 2013

This article proposes “divine kinship” as an analytical tool with which to explore the relation between the divine, “the people”, and their political leaders and advance an ethnographically led comparative anthropology of democracy. More specifically, using the political ethnographies of five localities—North India, Venezuela, Montenegro, Russia, and Nepal—we discuss lived understandings of popular sovereignty, electoral representation, and political hope. We argue that charismatic kinship is crucial to understanding the processes by which political leaders and elected representatives become the embodiment of “the people”, and highlight the processes through which “ordinary people” are transformed into “extraordinary people” with royal/divine/democratic qualities.
Sons of Krishna and sons of Bolivar
Authors: Michelutti Lucia
Published: November 2013

This article uses the analytical tool of divine kinship to explore political charisma across Indian and Venezuelan democratic social revolutions. In both contexts, charismatic elected political leaders build their image of strength and action on a wide repertoire of cultural and religious resources that are legitimated by divine kinship. The juxtaposition of the Indian and Venezuelan political ethnographies shows how charismatic kinship inflects lived understandings of popular sovereignty and opens up spaces for holding personality politics accountable.
Montenegro versus Crna Gora
Authors: Forbess Alice
Published: November 2013

This article examines how hero-ancestor-saints came to be drawn into contestations over heritage, economic assets, and ritual between two rival groups of Orthodox clerics and their political and entrepreneurial backers. After Montenegro's secession from Serbia (2006), pro- and anti-Serbian factions of the population have been mobilized under the banners of the Serbian Orthodox Church (SOC) and of the recently formed Montenegrin Orthodox Church (MOC). As spheres of authority are being carved out in the new polity, competing political and sacred genealogies are used to articulate the nation's descent through earlier state projects in the region. This article examines how Orthodox notions of charisma and leadership intersect with the heroic traditions of highland clans and contemporary state processes to create specific forms of authority inscribed in divine kinship genealogies.
Regulating Crisis: A Retrospective Ethnography of the 1982 Latin American Debt Crisis at the New York Federal Reserve Bank
Authors: Elyachar Julia
Published: November 2013

Since the financial crisis of 2008, the term “crisis” has proliferated as a folk concept, and yet remained largely unexamined as an analytic concept. In this essay, I draw on my experience as a research assistant and research analyst at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, during what would come to be called the Latin American debt crisis, to contribute to rethinking of financial crisis. Putting aside the assumption that we know a priori the meaning of crisis, I bring into view the material devices, temporalities and, in the words of Bronislaw Malinowski, the “imponderabilia of daily life” entailed by perceiving and regulating crisis. Rather than high-level officials of the Federal Reserve Bank, the essay focuses on research assistants, junior economists, midlevel officials, and also mainframe computers with their glitches and bugs. The essay shows how local, historically specific processes of generating knowledge in a 1980s office of the Federal Reserve Bank were part of grand projects of social reinvention, in which even the lowliest research assistant helped shape a narrative of crisis.
The Conditional Sink: Counterfactual Display in the Valuation of a Carbon Offsetting Reforestation Project
Authors: Ehrenstein Véra , Muniesa Fabian
Published: November 2013

This paper examines counterfactual display in the valuation of carbon offsetting projects. Considered a legitimate way to encourage climate change mitigation, such projects rely on the establishment of procedures for the prospective assessment of their capacity to become carbon sinks. This requires imagining possible worlds and assessing their plausibility. The world inhabited by the project is articulated through conditional formulation and subjected to what we call “counterfactual display”: the production and circulation of documents that demonstrate and con!gure the counterfactual valuation. We present a case study on one carbon offsetting reforestation project in the Democratic Republic of Congo. We analyse the construction of the scene that allows the “What would have happened” question to make sense and become actionable. We highlight the operations of calculative framing that this requires, the reality constraints it relies upon, and the entrepreneurial conduct it stimulates.
Antioxidant Defenses in Plants with Attention to Prunus and Citrus spp.
Authors: Racchi Milvia
Published: November 2013

This short review briefly introduces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as by-products of oxidation/reduction (redox) reactions, and the ways in which the antioxidant defense machinery is involved directly or indirectly in ROS scavenging. Major antioxidants, both enzymatic and non enzymatic, that protect higher plant cells from oxidative stress damage are described. Biochemical and molecular features of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) are discussed because they play crucial roles in scavenging ROS in the different cell compartments and in response to stress conditions. Among the non enzymatic defenses, particular attention is paid to ascorbic acid, glutathione, flavonoids, carotenoids, and tocopherols. The operation of ROS scavenging systems during the seasonal cycle and specific developmental events, such as fruit ripening and senescence, are discussed in relation to the intense ROS formation during these processes that impact fruit quality. Particular attention is paid to Prunus and Citrus species because of the nutritional and antioxidant properties contained in these commonly consumed fruits.
Energy Transfer Using Unitary Transformations
Authors: De Galway Winny , Naudts Jan
Published: November 2013

We study the unitary time evolution of a simple quantum Hamiltonian describing two harmonic oscillators coupled via a three-level system. The latter acts as an engine transferring energy from one oscillator to the other and is driven in a cyclic manner by time-dependent external fields. The S-matrix (scattering matrix) of the cycle is obtained in analytic form. The total number of quanta contained in the system is a conserved quantity. As a consequence, the spectrum of the S-matrix is purely discrete, and the evolution of the system is quasi-periodic. The explicit knowledge of the S-matrix makes it possible to do accurate numerical evaluations of the time-dependent wave function. They confirm the quasi-periodic behavior. In particular, the energy flows back and forth between the two oscillators in a quasi-periodic manner.
Late-Successional and Old-Growth Forests in the Northeastern United States: Structure, Dynamics, and Prospects for Restoration
Authors: Ducey Mark , Gunn John , Whitman Andrew
Published: November 2013

Restoration of old-growth forest structure is an emerging silvicultural goal, especially in those regions where old-growth abundance falls below the historic range of variability. However, longitudinal studies of old-growth dynamics that can inform silvicultural and policy options are few. We analyzed the change in structure, including stand density, diameter distribution, and the abundance of large live, standing dead, and downed dead trees on 58 late-successional and old-growth plots in Maine, USA, and compared these to regional data from the U.S. Forest Inventory and Analysis program. Structural dynamics on the late-successional plots reflected orderly change associated with density-dependent growth and mortality, but dynamics on the old-growth plots were more variable. Some plots experienced heavy mortality associated with beech bark disease. Diameter distributions conformed poorly to a classic exponential distribution, and did not converge toward such a distribution at the plot scale. Although large live trees showed a broad trend of increasing density in regional forests, recent harvesting patterns offset a considerable fraction of those gains, while mean diameter was static and the number of large dead trees was weakly declining. Even though forests of the northeast are aging, changes in silviculture and forest policy are necessary to accelerate restoration of old-growth structure.
Damp Heat Treatment of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells with Different Sodium Content
Authors: Daume Felix , Puttnins Stefan , Scheit Christian , Zachmann Hendrik , Rahm Andreas , Braun Alexander , Grundmann Marius
Published: November 2013

Long term stability is crucial to maturing any photovoltaic technology. We have studied the influence of sodium, which plays a key role in optimizing the performance of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) solar cells, on the long-term stability of flexible CIGSe solar cells on polyimide foil. The standardized procedure of damp heat exposure (85% relative humidity at 85 °C) was used to simulate aging of the unencapsulated cells in multiple time steps while they were characterized by current-voltage analysis, capacitance-voltage profiling, as well as electroluminescence imaging. By comparing the aging process to cells that were exposed to heat only, it could be confirmed that moisture plays the key role in the degradation process. We found that cells with higher sodium content suffer from a more pronounced degradation. Furthermore, the experimental results indicate the superposition of an enhancing and a deteriorating mechanism during the aging process. We propose an explanation based on the corrosion of the planar contacts of the solar cell.
Developing a Sealing Material: Effect of Epoxy Modification on Specific Physical and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Schoberleitner Christoph , Archodoulaki Vasiliki-Maria , Koch Thomas , Lüftl Sigrid , Werderitsch Markus , Kuschnig Gerhard
Published: November 2013

To develop a matched sealing material for socket rehabilitation of grey cast iron pipes, an epoxy resin is modified by the addition of different components to improve the flexibility. Three different modifications are made by adding ethylene-propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber powder, reactive liquid polymer (ATBN) and epoxidized modifier. In this paper the effect of the modification method as well as the influence of absorption of water on the mechanical and physical properties are analyzed in terms of: tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, adhesion performance, pressure resistance, glass transition temperature and water content. A comparison with neat epoxy shows for all materials that the modulus of elasticity and strength decrease. Unlike other tested modification methods, the modification with rubber powder did not enhance the flexibility. All materials absorb water and a plasticization effect arises with further changes of mechanical and physical properties. The application of the sealant on the grey cast iron leads to a reduction of the strain at break (in comparison to the common tensile test of the pure materials) and has to be evaluated. The main requirement of pressure resistance up to 1 MPa was tested on two chosen materials. Both materials fulfill this requirement.
Microbial Reducibility of Fe(III) Phases Associated with the Genesis of Iron Ore Caves in the Iron Quadrangle, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Parker Ceth , Wolf Julie , Auler Augusto , Barton Hazel , Senko John
Published: November 2013

The iron mining regions of Brazil contain thousands of “iron ore caves” (IOCs) that form within Fe(III)-rich deposits. The mechanisms by which these IOCs form remain unclear, but the reductive dissolution of Fe(III) (hydr)oxides by Fe(III) reducing bacteria (FeRB) could provide a microbiological mechanism for their formation. We evaluated the susceptibility of Fe(III) deposits associated with these caves to reduction by the FeRB Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 to test this hypothesis. Canga, an Fe(III)-rich duricrust, contained poorly crystalline Fe(III) phases that were more susceptible to reduction than the Fe(III) (predominantly hematite) associated with banded iron formation (BIF), iron ore, and mine spoil. In all cases, the addition of a humic acid analogue enhanced Fe(III) reduction, presumably by shuttling electrons from S. oneidensis to Fe(III) phases. The particle size and quartz-Si content of the solids appeared to exert control on the rate and extent of Fe(III) reduction by S. oneidensis, with more bioreduction of Fe(III) associated with solid phases containing more quartz. Our results provide evidence that IOCs may be formed by the activities of Fe(III) reducing bacteria (FeRB), and the rate of this formation is dependent on the physicochemical and mineralogical characteristics of the Fe(III) phases of the surrounding rock.
Calcium-Alkali Syndrome in the Modern Era
Authors: Patel Ami , Adeseun Gbemisola , Goldfarb Stanley
Published: November 2013

The ingestion of calcium, along with alkali, results in a well-described triad of hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, and renal insufficiency. Over time, the epidemiology and root cause of the syndrome have shifted, such that the disorder, originally called the milk-alkali syndrome, is now better described as the calcium-alkali syndrome. The calcium-alkali syndrome is an important cause of morbidity that may be on the rise, an unintended consequence of shifts in calcium and vitamin D intake in segments of the population. We review the pathophysiology of the calcium-alkali syndrome.
NO Detection by Pulsed Polarization of Lambda Probes–Influence of the Reference Atmosphere
Authors: Fischer Sabine , Schönauer-Kamin Daniela , Pohle Roland , Fleischer Maximilian , Moos Ralf
Published: November 2013

The pulsed polarization measurement technique using conventional thimble type lambda probes is suitable for low ppm NOx detection in exhaust gas applications. To evaluate the underlying sensor mechanism, the unknown influence of the reference atmosphere on the NO sensing behavior is investigated in this study. Besides answering questions with respect to the underlying principle, this investigation can resolve the main question of whether a simplified sensor element without reference may be also suitable for NO sensing using the pulsed polarization measurement technique. With an adequate sensor setup, the reference atmosphere of the thimble type lambda probe is changed completely after a certain diffusion time. Thus, the sensor response regarding NO is compared with and without different gas atmospheres on both electrodes. It is shown that there is still a very good NO sensitivity even without reference air, although the NO response is reduced due to non-existing overlying mixed potential type voltage, which is otherwise caused by different atmospheres on both electrodes. Considering these results, we see an opportunity to simplify the standard NOx sensor design by omitting the reference electrode.