bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of (1′S*,2R*,3R*)‐ and (1′S*,2R*,3S*)‐N‐arylsulfonyl‐2‐(1′‐halogenethyl)‐3‐methylindolines and their selective toxicity against SH‐SY5Y cell line
Authors: Gataullin Rail R. , Zileeva Zulfia R. , Maksimova Marina A. , Zainullina Liana F. , Vakhitova Yuliya V.
Published: January 2020

N‐tosyl‐2‐ and N‐tosyl‐4‐halogen‐substituted derivatives of 2‐(1‐methylbut‐2‐en‐1‐yl)aniline were synthesized and their molecular iodine‐mediated cyclization was investigated. The cyclization upon interaction of N‐tosyl‐6‐methyl‐2‐(1‐methylbut‐2‐en‐1‐yl)aniline with molecular iodine in methyl tert‐butyl ether or acetonitrile was studied, as well as the interaction of this sulfonamide with N‐bromosucinimide in dichloromethane. Synthesized (2R*,3R*)‐ and (2R*,3S*)‐N‐arylsulfonyl‐2‐(1‐halogenoethyl)‐3‐methylindoline derivatives showed cytotoxic activity against HEK293 cells, SH‐SY5Y, Jurkat, and HepG2 cell lines. The compounds (2R*,3S*)‐N‐arylsulfonyl‐7‐bromo‐2‐(1‐halogenoethyl)‐3‐methylindoline cis‐4a, stereoisomeric (2R*,3R*)‐trans‐4h and (2R*,3S*)‐N‐tosyl‐7‐chloro‐2‐(1‐halogenoethyl)‐3‐methylindoline cis‐4h demonstrated selective toxicity against SH‐SY5Y cell line (IC50 ≈ 3 ÷ 5 μM), and did not affect HEK293, Jurkat, and HepG2 cells.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new coumarin and dicoumarol derivatives
Authors: Regal Mohsen K.A. , Shaban Safa S. , El‐Metwally Souad A.
Published: January 2020

PTC reaction of coumarin derivative 1 with alkyl halides afforded C4 oxygen alkylation products 2a‐d in appreciative yield, whereas with phenyl isothiocyanate gives the C3 addition product 4; also, one‐pot three‐component PTC reaction was investigated. Treatment of coumarin 1 with aromatic aldehydes in different molar ratios gives 3‐arylidene derivatives 7a,b and the dicoumarol derivatives 8a,b. Pyrano chromene 9 and pyrano pyridine 10 were obtained by reaction of arylidene 7a with ethyl acetoacetate through Michael cycloaddition reaction. The stability of pyrone ring in 3‐arylidene 7 and dicoumarol 8 towards different nucleophilic reagents under reflux and/or fusion conditions has been studied by the action of hydrazine hydrate, ammonium acetate, methyl amine, and p‐toluidine afforded compounds 11 and 13a‐c. The antimicrobial activity of some synthesized compounds has been investigated.
Identification of pathways and genes in the process of E6/E7‐induced carcinogenesis of esophageal epithelial cells
Authors: Xia Yang , Li Jintao , Li Shuying , Khodahemmati Sara , Ghaffar Maliha , Chen Su , Sheng Wang
Published: January 2020

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection was associated with some carcinomas, especially malignant tumors in upper digestive tract, upper respiratory tract, and genitourinary system. The mechanism of the viral transformation of normal cells is still not very clear. To investigate the tumorigenesis of epithelial cells, E6/E7‐induced malignant transformation model cells were used for expression profiling analysis by performing RNA expression microarray detection. Bioinformatics analysis was applied to investigate the cellular process changes along with the E6/E7 expression in SHEE cells. The differentially expressed genes were further grouped and uploaded for Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes analysis. The protein‐protein interaction results were visualized. The hub genes and their first‐neighbors genes were selected, followed by gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. The obtained results demonstrated that tumor‐related biological processes began to emerge during the carcinogenesis process from 48th passage to 76th passage of SHEE cells after E6/E7 expression. Ten hub genes were identified and analyzed during the E6/E7‐induced tumorigenesis. This study explores the gene expression network in the progressive transformation of immortalized esophageal epithelial cells induced by E6/E7 expression. Understanding the biological processes and hub genes that first appear during the transformation will provide some clues to the mechanism of E6/E7‐induced carcinogenesis of esophageal epithelial cells.
Mexiletine shortens the QT interval in a pedigree of KCNH2 related long QT syndrome
Authors: Fujisawa Taishi , Aizawa Yoshiyasu , Katsumata Yoshinori , Kimura Kensuke , Hashimoto Kenji , Yamashita Terumasa , Miyama Hiroshi , Kimura Takehiro , Kosaki Kenjiro , Takatsuki Seiji , Shimizu Wataru , Fukuda Keiichi
Published: January 2020

A 23‐year‐old female had been suffering from recurrent syncopal episodes during sleep since her childhood. She had a family history of sudden death and her QTc interval was remarkably prolonged to 537 ms A Holter ECG revealed torsade de pointes, corresponding to syncope. She was started on mexiletine and her QTc interval shortened. Her symptoms were controlled after β‐blockers and Ca‐blockers were added. A genetic analysis with a next generation sequencer identified a frameshift mutation at the C terminus of the KCNH2 gene. Here we present a type 2 long QT syndrome case in which mexiletine was effective.
One‐mirror, one‐grating spatial heterodyne spectrometer for remote‐sensing Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Egan Miles J. , Acosta‐Maeda Tayro E. , Angel S. Michael , Sharma Shiv K.
Published: January 2020

Recently, we evaluated a new type of Fourier transform Raman spectrometer, the spatial heterodyne Raman spectrometer (SHRS), which provides high‐resolution Raman spectra without the need for an entrance slit. An SHRS is a variant of a Michelson interferometer in which the mirrors in the arms of a Michelson interferometer are replaced by two stationary diffraction gratings. Instead of sampling path length differences temporally, as in the case of a Michelson interferometer, SHRS samples path length differences spatially at a two‐dimensional array detector. Applying a Fourier transform to the resulting interferogram recovers the desired spectrum. In the modified SHRS (mSHRS) instrument used in the present work, one of the diffraction gratings has been replaced by a stationary λ/10 mirror. This modification has a few effects. First, the detector records a greater number of photons, as spectral light is not lost into unused diffraction orders in the mirror arm of mSHRS. Second, the free spectral range (wavelength coverage) is doubled, whereas the spectral resolution is cut in half. In this work, the authors present remote‐sensing Raman spectra of minerals, organics, and biomarkers using this mSHRS for the first time.
Reformulation of spray‐dried apple concentrate and honey for the enhancement of drying process performance and the physicochemical properties of powders
Authors: Samborska Katarzyna , Barańska Alicja , Szulc Karolina , Jankowska Ewa , Truszkowska Marzena , Ostrowska‐Ligęza Ewa , Wołosiak Rafał , Szymańska Ewelina , Jedlińska Aleksandra
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND

Apple concentrate and honey were spray‐dried with traditional carriers (maltodextrin, Nutriose®, Kleptose®) and with skimmed milk powder as a carrier substitute offering added value for the final product.

RESULTS

Skimmed milk powder, although having the lowest glass transition temperature, was the best carrier in terms of the highest powder recovery (higher than 80% was achieved) and with powder physical properties comparable to those obtained with other carriers. Thus, skimmed milk powder was used to produce honey powder of reduced carrier content (to 25% solids). The physical properties of the powders obtained and lower powder recovery indicated more problematic drying of AC. Powders produced with skimmed milk were characterized by enhanced nutritional value compared with variants with traditional carriers.

CONCLUSION

Thus, skimmed milk is proposed as a natural carrier for spray‐drying, offering high processing yield, the possibility to reduce carrier content in honey powder, and to create products of nutritional added value. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Microbial fermentation of starch‑ or fibre‐rich feeds added with dry or pre‐activated Saccharomyces cerevisiae studied in vitro under conditions simulating high‐concentrate feeding for ruminants
Authors: Amanzougarene Zahia , Tejeda María Pilar , Calvo Héctor , de la Fuente Gabriel , Fondevila Manuel
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND

To study if the effect on fermentation of yeasts added in ruminant diets can be improved, the effect of adding dry (DY) or pre‐activated (AY) Saccharomyces cerevisiae, compared with unsupplemented rumen fluid (CT), on barley grain or sugar beet pulp was evaluated under in vitro high‐concentrate fermentative conditions. Yeasts were pre‐activated by culturing aerobically at 30 °C for 24 h.

RESULTS

In Experiment 1, AY showed a higher concentration than DY at 6 h incubation (6.83 versus 5.76 log cfu mL−1; P = 0.007), differences disappearing at 12 h. This was supported by higher gas production with AY, especially on sugar beet pulp. In Experiment 2, incubation pH was 6.24 and 6.31 respectively for barley and sugar beet pulp at 8 h (P < 0.05), but no effect was recorded at 24 h (6.00 and 5.96; P > 0.05). With sugar beet pulp, gas production promoted by AY was the highest (P < 0.05) in the first 8 h of incubation. However, differences with barley were lower and only detected between AY and CT at 12 h (P < 0.05). Total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentration at 8 h followed the same trend, but no differences were detected on molar VFAs profile or lactate concentration. Microbial diversity was more affected by the incubation series than by experimental treatments, and inocula including yeasts (AY, DY) did not differ from unsupplemented rumen liquid.

CONCLUSIONS

When pre‐activated, the concentration of S. cerevisiae was initially higher and resulted in higher gas volumes, and more on a fibrous (sugar beet pulp) than a starchy (barley) substrate. The response is apparently quantitative, since no major changes were detected on biodiversity or fermentation profile. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Tourism impact assessment modeling of vegetation density for protected areas using data mining techniques
Authors: Jahani Ali , Goshtasb Hamid , Saffariha Maryam
Published: January 2020

In protected areas (PAs), the lack of tourism impact prediction models of vegetation is a shortcoming in PA management. Now, the main question are how recovery can be accelerated, or which ecological factors are associated with the rehabilitation of vegetation density? We aimed to compare the multilayer perceptron (MLP), radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), and support vector machine (SVM) models to predict tourism impact on land vegetation density changes. Three old national parks in Iran with diversity in tourist pressure and ecological condition were selected for analysis. We recorded 12 ecological and tourist variables in 400 sample plots, which are classified by topography, plot soil, and tourist pressure factors. We developed the tourism impact assessment model (TIAM) by MLP, RBFNN, and SVM techniques. Comparing with RBFNN and SVM, the MLP model (TIAMMLP) is introduced as the most accurate model for vegetation density changes for tourism impact assessment in PAs. The MLP model represents the highest value of R2 in training (.969), test (.806), and all datasets (.876). Sensitivity analysis proved that the values of the tourist pressure, soil organic matters, soil moisture, soil porosity, and soil electrical conductivity are respectively as the most significant inputs, which influence TIAMMLP in PAs. We concluded that habitats with higher organic matter and moisture in the soil would likely tolerate more tourists' pressure. The MLP model, as a tool for PAs managers, is able to predict vegetation density changes under tourism pressure precisely.
Temperature‐Sensitive Amphiphilic Non‐Ionic Triblock Copolymers for Enhanced In Vivo Skeletal Muscle Transfection
Authors: Rasolonjatovo Bazoly , Illy Nicolas , Bennevault Véronique , Mathé Jérôme , Midoux Patrick , Le Gall Tony , Haudebourg Thomas , Montier Tristan , Lehn Pierre , Pitard Bruno , Cheradame Herve , Huin Cécile , Guégan Philippe
Published: January 2020

It is reported that low concentration of amphiphilic triblock copolymers of pMeOx‐b‐pTHF‐b‐pMeOx structure (TBCPs) improves gene expression in skeletal muscle upon intramuscular co‐injection with plasmid DNA. Physicochemical studies carried out to understand the involved mechanism show that a phase transition of TBCPs under their unimer state is induced when the temperature is elevated from 25 to 37 °C, the body temperature. Several lines of evidences suggest that TBCP insertion in a lipid bilayer causes enough lipid bilayer destabilization and even pore formation, a phenomenon heightened during the phase transition of TBCPs. Interestingly, this property allows DNA translocation across the lipid bilayer model. Overall, the results indicate that TBCPs exhibiting a phase transition at the body temperature is promising to favor in vivo pDNA translocation in skeletal muscle cells for gene therapy applications.
How special rewards in loyalty programs enrich consumer–brand relationships: The role of self‐expansion
Authors: Gorlier Tiphaine , Michel Géraldine
Published: January 2020

Although brands offer different kinds of rewards through their loyalty programs, little is known about how they can impact consumer–brand relationships and brand attitude. How do loyalty program rewards influence the consumer–brand relationship? And which kinds of rewards establish or maintain closer relationships between consumers and brands than others? To answer these questions, the present research makes use of self‐expansion theory (Aron & Aron, 1986) and two experiments that manipulate the extraordinary character of rewards offered to consumers. Our findings show that special rewards produce higher self‐expansion than mundane rewards. Moreover, the positive effect of the rewards’ extraordinary character on brand evaluation, recommendation, and identification is sequentially and fully mediated by self‐brand inclusion and self‐expansion. Finally, we show that consumer satisfaction moderates the impact of special and mundane rewards on self‐brand inclusion.
Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes doxorubicin resistance in chondrosarcoma cells by affecting XRCC5 expression
Authors: Hsieh Ming‐Ju , Huang Cheng , Lin Chia‐Chieh , Tang Chih‐Hsin , Lin Chih‐Yang , Lee I‐Neng , Huang Hsiu‐Chen , Chen Jui‐Chieh
Published: January 2020

Chondrosarcoma is the second most common form of bone cancer and is characterized by its ability to produce an extracellular matrix of the cartilage. High‐grade chondrosarcoma is highly aggressive and can metastasize to other parts of the body. Chondrosarcoma is resistant to both conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy; hence, the current main treatment is still surgical resection. Doxorubicin (Dox) has been shown to significantly improve patient survival compared with untreated chondrosarcoma. However, for patients with metastasis, surgical resection alone can hardly treat them. In addition, drug resistance is one of the leading causes of death in patients with chondrosarcoma. Secreted proteins can mediate cell‐cell interactions in the cancer microenvironment, which may be associated with the development of drug resistance. In the present study, chondrosarcoma cells were treated with Dox, the conditioned medium was then collected and changes in secreted proteins were analyzed using the antibody array. Results showed that the Dox‐treated group had the highest secretion of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), indicating the effect of bFGF on Dox sensitivity in chondrosarcoma. Furthermore, lentiviral‐mediated knockdown and treatment of exogenous recombinant protein were employed to further investigate the effect of bFGF on Dox resistance. Results demonstrated that bFGF can promote the expression of X‐ray repair cross‐complementing protein 5 (XRCC5), leading to Dox resistance. Secreted bFGF is likely to be detected in serum, in addition to being a biomarker for predicting Dox resistance, the combination of Dox and bFGF/XRCC5 blockers may be a new therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of Dox in future.
On stability correction functions over the Indian region under stable conditions
Authors: Srivastava Piyush , Sharan Maithili , Kumar Manoj , Dhuria Aditya Kumar
Published: January 2020

Turbulence observations over an Indian region are used to examine the observational behaviour of stability‐correction functions for momentum (
φ
m) and heat (
φ
h) under stable conditions within the framework of Monin–Obukhov similarity theory. The
φ
m is observed to follow the linear functional form in the case of near‐neutral to moderately stable conditions. However,
φ
m is found to increase with a relatively slower rate as compared with the linear form in strongly stable conditions. A large scatter in
φ
h is observed with the near‐neutral condition, and they tend to level off in very stable conditions. The optimized co‐efficients appearing in the functional form of
φ
m suggested by Grachev et al. in 2007 are derived using turbulence observations. The present study recommends the use of these optimized functional forms of
φ
m and
φ
h for the estimation of surface fluxes over an Indian region in atmospheric models.
Novel truncating variant of PPM1D penultimate exon in a Chinese patient with Jansen‐de Vries syndrome
Authors: Li Zhuoguang , Du Caiqi , Zhang Cai , Zhang Mini , Ying Yanqin , Liang Yan , Luo Xiaoping
Published: January 2020

Background

Jansen‐de Vries syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the last and penultimate exons of the PPM1D gene. It is characterized by delayed psychomotor development, intellectual disability with speech delay, behavioral abnormalities, and dysmorphic features. Up to date, only 17 affected patients have been reported worldwide (no report in Chinese).

Methods

Here, we analyzed the clinical data and genetic test results of a Chinese patient with Jansen‐de Vries syndrome admitted in our hospital in May 2019.

Results

We report a 9‐month‐old boy carrying a pathogenic variant (c.1254_1255del, p.(V419Qfs*14)) in PPM1D exon 5, which can account for his phenotype. Most of his clinical features overlap with the reported phenotype, such as growth retardation, feeding difficulties, constipation, congenital abnormalities (such as atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus), small hands and feet with broad forehead, low‐set posteriorly rotated ears, wide mouth with thin upper lip and pointed chin; however, he also presented with additional features like hepatomegaly and left inguinal hernia.

Conclusion

This is the first published case of Jansen‐de Vries syndrome in Chinese population, which will help us to enrich the clinical spectrum of this syndrome.
Asymptotic stability of the exact boundary controllability of nodal profile for 1D quasi‐linear wave equations
Authors: Wang Ke , Wang Libin
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we consider the asymptotic stability of the exact boundary controllability of nodal profile for 1D quasi‐linear wave equations. First, for 1D quasi‐linear hyperbolic systems with zero eigenvalues, we establish the existence and uniqueness of semiglobal classical solution to the one‐sided mixed initial‐boundary value problem on a semibounded initial axis and discuss the asymptotic behavior of the corresponding solutions under different hypotheses on the initial data. Based on these results, we obtain the asymptotic stability of the exact boundary controllability of nodal profile for 1D quasi‐linear wave equations on a semibounded time interval.
Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Alpha Linolenic Acid Improve Cholesterol Homeostasis in Obesity by Modulating Distinct Hepatic Protein Pathways
Authors: O'Reilly Marcella E. , Lenighan Yvonne M. , Dillon Eugene , Kajani Sarina , Curley Sean , Bruen Robyn , Byrne Rachel , Heslin Aoibhin Moore , Moloney Aidan P. , Roche Helen M. , McGillicuddy Fiona C.
Published: January 2020

Scope

High‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity impairs macrophage‐to‐feces reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). It is hypothesized that dietary supplementation with the polyunsaturated fatty acids conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) or alpha linolenic acid (ALA) would prevent HFD‐impaired RCT by modulating hepatic protein pathways.

Methods and results

ApoE3L.CETP mice are fed a HFD supplemented ± CLA or ALA for 12 weeks and in vivo macrophage‐to‐feces RCT is determined. Hepatic cholesterol transporters and the hepatic proteome are assessed by immunoblotting and mass spectrometry, respectively. Mice fed HFD alone, but not ALA‐HFD or CLA‐HFD, exhibit increased systemic cholesterol levels, increased 3H‐cholesterol levels in plasma and liver but not feces during RCT, and reduced hepatic ABCG5/8 expression relative to LFD. ALA‐HFD significantly reduces liver weight, hepatic cholesterol levels, and expression of the cholesterol synthesis enzyme farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase relative to HFD. ALA further increases the expression of acetyl‐coA oxidase‐associated proteins and suppress PPARα‐induced proteins relative to HFD. CLA does not significantly attenuate hepatic lipid levels but is associated with reduced hepatic expression of fatty acid binding protein (FABP)‐1/FABP4 levels relative to HFD, and reduced inflammatory pathway activation relative to ALA‐HFD.

Conclusion

ALA and CLA exert distinct mechanistic advantages on cholesterol homeostasis and RCT in obesity.
Recovery despite everyday pain: Women's experiences of living with whiplash‐associated disorder
Authors: Juuso Päivi , Skär Lisa , Söderberg Siv
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Living with whiplash‐associated disorders (WAD) means living every day under the influence of pain and limitations. As the incidence of WAD and the related intensity of pain are somewhat higher among women than men, the aim of the present study was to describe women's experiences of living with WAD.

Methods

A purposive sample of seven women participated in individual in‐depth qualitative interviews, the transcripts of which were subjected to qualitative content analysis.

Results

The results of the analysis suggested six themes of women's experiences with WAD: living with unpredictable pain; trying to manage the pain; living with limitations; being unable to work as before; needing support and understanding; and learning to live with limitations. The findings showed that unpredictable pain limited women's strength to engage in activities of daily life and be as active as before. Support and understanding were important for their ability to manage changes in their daily lives.

Conclusions

Pain considerably affects the daily lives of women with WAD, particularly by limiting their ability to perform activities and to enjoy their professional and social lives. As women with WAD need support with managing their daily lives, nurses and other healthcare personnel should adopt a person‐centred approach, in order to support such women according to their individual needs and circumstances.
Computation of avoidance regions for driver assistance systems by using a Hamilton‐Jacobi approach
Authors: Xausa Ilaria , Baier Robert , Bokanowski Olivier , Gerdts Matthias
Published: January 2020

We consider the problem of computing safety regions, modeled as nonconvex backward reachable sets, for a nonlinear car collision avoidance model with time‐dependent obstacles. The Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman framework is used. A new formulation of level set functions for obstacle avoidance is given, and sufficient conditions for granting the obstacle avoidance on the whole time interval are obtained even though the conditions are checked only at discrete times. Different scenarios, including various road configurations, different geometry of vehicle and obstacles, as well as fixed or moving obstacles, are then studied and computed. Computations involve solving nonlinear partial differential equations of up to five space dimensions plus time with nonsmooth obstacle representations, and an efficient solver is used to this end. A comparison with a direct optimal control approach is also done for one of the examples.
Registration of extra‐hard kernel near‐isogenic hexaploid wheat genetic stocks lacking puroindoline genes
Authors: Morris Craig F. , Kiszonas Alecia M. , Peden Gail L.
Published: January 2020

Kernel hardness (texture) is a key end‐use quality trait of wheat (Triticum spp.). Two hexaploid wheat (T. aestivum L.) near‐isogenic lines (NILs), WQL18RE5 (Reg. no. GS‐190, PI 691609) and WQL18CS5 (Reg. no. GS‐191, PI 691610), lack the puroindoline genes at the Hardness locus and thus have kernel texture phenotypes more similar to durum wheat [T. turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.]. These two genetic stocks were produced in ‘Alpowa’ soft white spring wheat and comprise additions to an ongoing series of NILs in this soft wheat cultivar. Both NILs are advanced generation BC7F2:5 derivatives (Alpowa/donor/7*Alpowa). WQL18RE5 was derived from a Chinese Spring (CS) disomic substitution line, CS (Red Egyptian 5D), and WQL18CS5 was derived from a CS deletion line (CS5DS del.‐2) that lacks the distal portion of the short arm of chromosome 5D. These lines were developed at the USDA‐ARS Western Wheat Quality Laboratory and will be useful to study kernel texture and end‐use quality in hexaploid wheat; they can also serve as parents in developing cultivars with kernel texture equivalent to that of durum wheat.
Registration of eight upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm lines with qFL‐Chr.25, a fiber‐length QTL introgressed from Gossypium barbadense
Authors: Brown Nino , Kumar Pawan , Khanal Sameer , Singh Rippy , Suassuna Nelson D. , McBlanchett Jennifer , Lubbers Edward , Jones Don , Paterson Andrew H. , Chee Peng W.
Published: January 2020

Eight upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm lines, GA qFL25‐A1 (Reg. no. GP‐1063, PI 690458), GA qFL25‐A2 (Reg. no. GP‐1064, PI 690459), GA qFL25‐P1 (Reg. no. GP‐1066, PI 690461), GA qFL25‐P2 (Reg. no. GP‐1065, PI 690460), GA qFL25‐D1 (Reg. no. GP‐1070, PI 690465), GA qFL25‐D2 (Reg. no. GP‐1069, PI 690464), GA qFL25‐G1 (Reg. no. GP‐1068, PI 690463), and GA qFL25‐G2 (Reg. no. GP‐1067, PI 690462), were developed by the Molecular Cotton Breeding Laboratory, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, at the University of Georgia in Tifton, GA. These eight germplasm lines resulted from crossing ‘Sealand 883’ (SL883), a G. hirsutum line with significant introgression from G. barbadense L., with four diverse G. hirsutum parents, ‘Acala SJ‐4’, ‘Paymaster HS 26’, ‘Deltapine 50’, and GA 2004089, an unreleased breeding line. Previous work identified qFL‐Chr.25, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) inherited from G. barbadense with significant effect on fiber upper‐half mean length (FL) carried by SL883. Bulked sister lines were selected with the aid of marker‐assisted selection from several F3:5 segregating families from each of these four cross combinations to quantify the effect of the allele in sister lines with and without the QTL. The presence of the SL883 allele for qFL‐Chr.25 resulted in FL increases of 0.6 mm (1.9%) to 3.5 mm (11.7%) compared with the corresponding sister lines without the QTL. These eight lines should be useful for marker‐assisted improvement of fiber length.
Linear Bio‐Based Water Soluble Aromatic Polymers from Syringic Acid, S Type Degradation Fragment from Lignin
Authors: Longe Lionel , Garnier Gil , Saito Kei
Published: January 2020

Degradation products of lignin, a widely available biopolymer, represent the most abundant feedstock for aromatics in nature. In this work, we focused on syringic acid, derived from lignin S‐type monolignol, to synthesize different monomers for radical polymerization. The resulting polymers have molecular weight spanning over a wide range, which depends on the monomer, with up to Mn = 1,100,000 g.mol−1 and Đ = 3.0. The novel polymers exhibit a thermal stability higher than 350°C and differentiated glass transition temperatures, ranging from 105 to 120°C. One of the monomers synthesized with a free carboxyl group was able to polymerize in water—instead of organic solvent—and resulted in a water soluble polymer. Monomers from syringic acid offer a unique bio‐based alternative to oil‐based polystyrene in industry for a wider range of application. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 58, 540–547
Fabrication of polyurethane binders grafted with functional reactive plasticizers by a catalyst‐free click reaction
Authors: Ma Mingyang , Shen Yechen , Kwon Younghwan
Published: January 2020

The design of nonmigratory energetic plasticizers with low sensitivity and high performance is of great significance but challenging. Herein, two nonmigratory norbornane‐based reactive plasticizers (NRPs) are attached covalently to poly(glycidyl azide‐co‐tetrahydrofuran) (PGT)‐based polyurethanes (PUs), offering a reliable, self‐stable, and alternative energy source originating from ring strain, while mitigating the dangers to the environment by preventing migration. A binary mixture of PGT and NRPs is thermodynamically miscible up to 50/50 w/w. The catalyst‐free click reactivity of the NRPs toward PGT evaluated by the activation energy is verified by calculating the frontier molecular orbital energy levels. The absent weight loss of the pure NRPs evident from the measured thermal stability of the NRP/PGT‐based PU binders indicated that the NRPs react completely with the PGT matrix. The tensile properties of the PGT‐based PU binder by the inclusion of NRPs increased with increasing NRP content because of the increased number of triazole groups and the norbornane moiety. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 58, 402–411
Copolymers by Inverse Vulcanization of Sulfur with Pure or Technical‐Grade Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Authors: Smith Ashlyn D. , McMillen Colin D. , Smith Rhett C. , Tennyson Andrew G.
Published: January 2020

Efforts to develop sustainable industrial processes have led to significant advances toward supplanting petrochemical‐dependent technologies. Some of these otherwise sustainable processes, notably animal product rendering and biodiesel production, produce low value waste that is high in free fatty acids. Sulfur in turn is a primary waste product of fossil fuel refining. In the current contribution, copolymers are prepared by reaction of elemental sulfur with fatty acids in several monomer ratios. Both monounsaturated oleic acid and bis(unsaturated) linoleic acid were evaluated to assess the extent to which copolymer properties relate to the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acid comonomer. Furthermore, copolymers prepared from technical grade versus pure linoleic acid were compared to evaluate the viability of the considerably more affordable technical grade monomer. The thermal and mechanical properties of the copolymers were assessed by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 58, 438–445
Low‐to‐Mid Al Content (x = 0–0.56) AlxIn1−xN Layers Deposited on Si(100) by Radio‐Frequency Sputtering
Authors: Blasco Rodrigo , Valdueza-Felip Sirona , Montero Daniel , Sun Michael , Olea Javier , Naranjo Fernando B.
Published: January 2020

Radio‐frequency (RF) sputtering is a low‐cost technique for the deposition of large‐area single‐phase AlInN on silicon layers with application in photovoltaic devices. Here, the effect of the Al mole fraction x from 0 to 0.56 on the structural, morphological, electrical, and optical properties of n‐AlxIn1−xN layers deposited at 550 ºC on p‐Si(100) by RF sputtering is studied. X‐ray diffraction data show a wurtzite structure oriented along the c‐axis in all samples, where the full width at half maximum of the rocking curve around the InN (0002) diffraction peak decreases from ≈9° to ≈3° while incorporating Al to the AlInN layer. The root‐mean‐square surface roughness, estimated from atomic force microscopy, evolves from 20 nm for InN to 1.5 nm for Al0.56In0.44N. Low‐temperature photoluminescence spectra show a blueshift of the emission energy from 1.59 eV (779 nm) for InN to 1.82 eV (681 nm) for Al0.35In0.65N according to the Al content rise. Hall effect measurements of AlxIn1−xN (0 < x < 0.35) on sapphire samples grown simultaneously point to a residual n‐type carrier concentration in the 1021 cm−3 range. The developed n‐AlInN/p‐Si junctions present promising material properties to explore their performance operating as solar cell devices.
Toward a Professional Development Model for Writing as a Digital, Participatory Process
Authors: Howell Emily , Perez Sara , Abraham W. Todd
Published: January 2020

In this formative experiment, the authors focused on developing professional development for upper elementary school teachers and investigating how it was integrated into teachers’ instruction to improve their ability to make writing a more digital, participatory process. Theoretical perspectives pertaining to technology use in education specify that this instruction should emphasize students creating rather than consuming information from media sources and that this creation process should be social. However, recent research of preadolescents has shown that although these students are using technology more in schools, they are often using technology to consume rather than create information. Further, literacy teachers, in particular, have identified barriers to integrating technology effectively into their curriculum. Thus, there is a critical need for professional development that helps teachers more effectively integrate technology into their classrooms. The objective of this study was to develop a professional development model that helps teachers engage students in writing as both a digital process and a social process. The essential elements studied in this model include the following: (a) sustained professional development, including the gradual release of teacher inquiry; (b) writing as a social practice; and (c) the use of digital tools to engage students in writing. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, the authors studied the implementation of this professional development model in a summer institute and in teacher classrooms.
Highly Safe Electrolyte Enabled via Controllable Polysulfide Release and Efficient Conversion for Advanced Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Tang Ben , Wu Han , Du Xiaofan , Cheng Xiangyang , Liu Xing , Yu Zhe , Yang Jinfeng , Zhang Min , Zhang Jianjun , Cui Guanglei
Published: January 2020

Conventional lithium–sulfur batteries often suffer from fatal problems such as high flammability, polysulfide shuttling, and lithium dendrites growth. Here, highly‐safe lithium–sulfur batteries based on flame‐retardant electrolyte (dimethoxyether/1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethyl 2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoropropyl ether) coupled with functional separator (nanoconductive carbon‐coated cellulose nonwoven) to resolve aforementioned bottle‐neck issues are demonstrated. It is found that this flame‐retardant electrolyte exhibits excellent flame retardancy and low solubility of polysulfide. In addition, Li/Li symmetrical cells using such flame‐retardant electrolyte deliver extraordinary long‐term cycling stability (less than 10 mV overpotential) for over 2500 h at 1.0 mA cm−2 and 1.0 mAh cm−2. Moreover, bare sulfur cathode–based lithium–sulfur batteries using this flame retardant electrolyte coupled with nanoconductive carbon‐coated cellulose separator can retain 83.6% discharge capacity after 200 cycles at 0.5 C. Under high charge/discharge rate (4 C), lithium–sulfur cells still show high charge/discharge capacity of ≈350 mAh g−1. Even at an elevated temperature of 60 °C, discharge capacity of 870 mAh g−1 can be retained. More importantly, high‐loading bare sulfur cathode (4 mg cm−2)–based lithium–sulfur batteries can also deliver high charge/discharge capacity over 806 mAh g−1 after 56 cycles. Undoubtedly, the strategy of flame retardant electrolyte coupled with carbon‐coated separator enlightens highly safe lithium–sulfur batteries at a wide range of temperature.
On the security of privacy‐preserving authentication scheme with full aggregation in vehicular ad hoc network
Authors: Kamil Ismaila A. , Ogundoyin Sunday O.
Published: January 2020

Certificateless aggregate signature (CLAS) scheme is a very important cryptographic technique used in many internet of things (IoT) applications like healthcare wireless sensor networks, industrial IoT, smart agriculture, and smart transportation to achieve privacy and integrity of transmitted information, and improved efficiency. Recently, a privacy‐preserving authentication scheme based on CLAS scheme for secure communication in vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) which can achieve complete aggregation was proposed. The authors demonstrated that their scheme is semantically secure in the random oracle model based on the intractability of the computational Diffie‐Hellman (CDH) problem under the consideration of type I and II attacks. However, by giving two concrete attacks, we show that the scheme is insecure in the standard security model. Consequently, we propose a fix by modifying the sign, verify, and aggregate‐verify algorithms of the scheme. Afterwards, we demonstrate that with this modification, the improved scheme is semantically secure against forgery attacks in the random oracle model under the intractability of the CDH problem. An analysis of the performance of the proposed scheme and the related schemes shows the former is much more efficient and suitable for practical application.
Planungshilfen im Stahl‐ und Stahlverbundbau
Authors: Gunreben Yvonne‐Christine , Marzahn Gero
Published: January 2020

Mit dem Programm Brückenmodernisierung der Bundesregierung stehen viele Ersatzneubauten von großen Tal‐ und Flussbrücken an. Aufgrund der enormen Spannweiten werden diese vornehmlich als Stahl‐ bzw. Stahlverbundbrücken ausgeführt werden. Daher ist es wichtig, den Planern und Verwaltungshandelnden aktuelle konstruktive, aber auch bewährte Planungs‐ und Herstellungsdetails bemessungsrelevanter Punkte kompakt an die Hand zu geben.

Im Bewusstsein der an den Rheinbrücken vorgefundenen Ermüdungsschäden als Folge direkter Einwirkung hoher Achslasten gilt es für die künftigen Neubauten vieles zu durchdenken und ggf. zu überarbeiten, damit diese neuen Brücken den veränderten und zukünftigen Randbedingungen insbesondere hinsichtlich der ermüdungswirksamen Beanspruchung besser gerecht werden. Dabei sind neben Nachhaltigkeit und Resilienz in Bezug zur Materialwahl und Ausführungsqualität besonders auch die Bedingungen einer handnahen Prüfung und Inspektion der Konstruktion zu beachten und zu fördern.
Starch: An Undisputed Potential Candidate and Sustainable Resource for the Development of Wood Adhesive
Authors: Din Zia‐ud , Chen Lei , Xiong Hanguo , Wang Zhenjiong , Ullah Ikram , Lei Weiwei , Shi Dean , Alam Mukhtar , Ullah Hidayat , Khan Sheraz Ahmad
Published: January 2020

Due to extensive utilization of fossil fuels, the energy demand of the growing population of the world is increasing day by day. The utilization of these fossil fuels also results in environmental pollution and energy crisis around the globe. As such, scientists and academics are trying to develop green materials which tend to reduce the impact of human on environment. Starch is the most abundant organic compound found in nature after cellulose. Thus, starch is an attractive natural green material candidate for researchers to replace the petro‐chemical‐based ingredients in wood composite products. There is an increasing demand for the wood adhesives in the recent years due to increasing applications of wood products. The wood adhesive industry remains dependent on the petroleum resources due to attributes such as high performance and low cost. However, these adhesives can create serious risks to human health and spoil the indoor air quality by emitting these carcinogenic compounds into the environment. Therefore, there is a growing interest to replace the petro‐chemical based ingredients in the adhesive formulation with green renewable material. This review focuses on research conducted in the recent past to develop adhesive for wood application from green renewable material such as starch.
How photographs can be a complement of herbarium vouchers: A proposal of standardization
Authors: Gómez‐Bellver Carlos , Ibáñez Neus , López‐Pujol Jordi , Nualart Neus , Susanna Alfonso
Published: January 2020

Challenges in the collection of vouchers, either because of the physical properties of the material (species difficult to collect or to press, e.g., palms, cycads, toxic plants, and cacti) or because drying may have a negative effect on taxonomic characters (e.g., colour), recommend the use of photographs to complement herbarium specimens. In a series of cases (enumerated in the present contribution), however, it may be impossible to collect material and, thus, photographs may be the only option to document the presence of a plant in a given locality. We propose in this paper some guidelines for the standardization of photographs intended for deposit in herbaria.
Enhancing swine wastewater hydrolysis with thermophilic bacteria and assisted pretreatments
Authors: Li Xunzhou , Guo Liang , Liu Yue , Wang Yi , She Zonglian , Gao Mengchun , Zhao Yangguo
Published: January 2020

Slow degradation rate of swine wastewater, which is mainly caused by particulate and refractory organic matters, is the main drawback of anaerobic digestion. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the hydrolysis of swine wastewater. In this study, different pretreatments were used to hydrolyze swine wastewater, including thermophilic bacteria (TB), alkali, acid, ultrasound (UL), and ultrasonic‐combined thermophilic bacteria (UL‐TB) pretreatment. The hydrolysis effect was investigated by analyzing the changes of pretreated soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), soluble protein, and carbohydrate. The experimental results showed that effect of different pretreatments on swine wastewater hydrolysis had the following order: TB = alkali>UL‐TB > UL>acid. Alkali pretreatment was effective for the release of protein from swine wastewater, and TB pretreatment was advantageous for carbohydrate release during hydrolysis. The results could provide valuable information for the disposition of swine wastewater as well as the application of TB‐related pretreatments.

Practitioner points

TB and alkali pretreatment exhibited the highest hydrolysis ability.

The release of carbohydrate by TB was higher than other pretreatments.

Ultrasonic assistance generated inhibition on the hydrolysis of TB.
Growth control in the Drosophila wing disk
Authors: Gou Jia , Stotsky Jay A. , Othmer Hans G.
Published: January 2020

The regulation of size and shape is a fundamental requirement of biological development and has been a subject of scientific study for centuries, but we still lack an understanding of how organisms know when to stop growing. Imaginal wing disks of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, which are precursors of the adult wings, are an archetypal tissue for studying growth control. The growth of the disks is dependent on many inter‐ and intra‐organ factors such as morphogens, mechanical forces, nutrient levels, and hormones that influence gene expression and cell growth. Extracellular signals are transduced into gene‐control signals via complex signal transduction networks, and since cells typically receive many different signals, a mechanism for integrating the signals is needed. Our understanding of the effect of morphogens on tissue‐level growth regulation via individual pathways has increased significantly in the last half century, but our understanding of how multiple biochemical and mechanical signals are integrated to determine whether or not a cell decides to divide is still rudimentary. Numerous fundamental questions are involved in understanding the decision‐making process, and here we review the major biochemical and mechanical pathways involved in disk development with a view toward providing a basis for beginning to understand how multiple signals can be integrated at the cell level, and how this translates into growth control at the level of the imaginal disk.

This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods

Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling

Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models
Debugging Persistent Memory Applications
Authors: Scargall Steve
Published: January 2020

Persistent memory programming introduces new opportunities that allow developers to directly persist data structures without serialization and to access them in place without involving classic block I/O. As a result, you can merge your data models and avoid the classic split between data in memory – which is volatile, fast, and byte addressable – with data on traditional storage devices, which is non-volatile but slower.
Concurrency and Persistent Memory
Authors: Scargall Steve
Published: January 2020

This chapter discusses what you need to know when building multithreaded applications for persistent memory. We assume you already have experience with multithreaded programming and are familiar with basic concepts such as mutexes, critical section, deadlocks, atomic operations, and so on.
Profiling and Performance
Authors: Scargall Steve
Published: January 2020

This chapter first discusses the general concepts for analyzing memory and storage performance and how to identify opportunities for using persistent memory for both high-performance persistent storage and high-capacity volatile memory. We then describe the tools and techniques that can help you optimize your code to achieve the best performance.
Reliability, Availability, and Serviceability (RAS)
Authors: Scargall Steve
Published: January 2020

This chapter describes the high-level architecture of RAS features designed for persistent memory. Persistent memory RAS features were designed to support the unique error-handling strategy required for an application when persistent memory is used. Error handling is an important part of the program's overall reliability, which directly affects the availability of applications. The error-handling strategy for applications impacts what percentage of the expected time the application is available to do its job.
Remote Persistent Memory
Authors: Scargall Steve
Published: January 2020

This chapter provides an overview of how persistent memory – and the programming concepts that were introduced in this book – can be used to access persistent memory contained in remote servers connected via a network. A combination of TCP/IP or RDMA network hardware and software running on the servers containing the persistent memory hardware and software provide direct remote access to persistent memory.
Advanced Topics
Authors: Scargall Steve
Published: January 2020

This chapter covers several topics that we briefly described earlier in the book but did not expand upon as it would have distracted from the focus points. The in-depth details on these topics are here for your reference.
Persistent Memory Architecture
Authors: Scargall Steve
Published: January 2020

This chapter provides an overview of the persistent memory architecture while focusing on the hardware to emphasize requirements and decisions that developers need to know.
Introducing the Persistent Memory Development Kit
Authors: Scargall Steve
Published: January 2020

Previous chapters introduced the unique properties of persistent memory that make it special, and you are correct in thinking that writing software for such a novel technology is complicated. Anyone who has researched or developed code for persistent memory can testify to this. To make your job easier, Intel created the Persistent Memory Development Kit (PMDK). The team of PMDK developers envisioned it to be the standard library for all things persistent memory that would provide solutions to the common challenges of persistent memory programming.
libpmemobj: A Native Transactional Object Store
Authors: Scargall Steve
Published: January 2020

In the previous chapter, we described , the low-level persistent memory library that provides you with an easy way to directly access persistent memory. is a small, lightweight, and feature-limited library that is designed for software that tracks every store to and needs to flush those changes to persistence. It excels at what it does. However, most developers will find higher-level libraries within the Persistent Memory Development Kit (PMDK), like , to be much more convenient.