bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and selection of food safety‐related risk factors to be included in the Canadian Food Inspection Agency’s Establishment‐based Risk Assessment model for Hatcheries
Authors: Racicot Manon , Comeau Geneviève , Tremblay Alexandre , Quessy Sylvain , Cereno Teresa , Charron‐Langlois Maude , Venne Daniel , Hébert Ghislain , Vaillancourt Jean‐Pierre , Fravalo Philippe , Ouckama Rachel , Mitevski Darko , Guerin Michele T. , Agunos Agnes , DeWinter Leanne , Catford Angela , Mackay Anna , Gaucher Marie‐Lou
Published: September 2019

Towards the continuous improvement of its inspection system, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) is developing an Establishment‐based Risk Assessment model for Hatcheries to allocate inspection resources based on the food safety risk associated with the Canadian hatcheries falling under its jurisdiction. The objectives of the current study were to identify and select critical food safety‐related risk factors that would be included in this model, with a main focus onSalmonella. A literature review was used to develop a comprehensive list of risk factors that could potentially contribute to the food safety risk attributed to Canadian hatcheries operating in all production streams (breeders, layers, broilers, turkeys, waterfowl and game birds). The development of this list used a selection process that was conducted according to the availability of data sources, the clarity of definition and the measurability of the selected risk factors. A panel of experts reviewed and adjusted the identified risk factors. A final list of 29 risk factors was generated; 20 originated from the scientific literature and nine from the expert panel. Risk factors were grouped in three clusters according to whether they pertained to the inherent risk (nine factors identified), risk mitigation (nine factors identified) or compliance of a hatchery with its preventive control plan and regulatory requirements (11 factors identified). Criteria for assessing each risk factor were defined based on common practices used in the Canadian hatchery industry. This comprehensive list of risk factors and criteria represents useful information to support the design and implementation of a Canadian risk assessment model for hatcheries, but could also be used by like‐minded food safety authorities.
Effects of seed age and dormancy-breaking treatments on the viability and germination of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence aster (Symphyotrichum laurentianum)
Authors: Kelly Annika , Lacroix Christian
Published: September 2019

The Gulf of St. Lawrence aster, Symphyotrichum laurentianum (Fernald) G.L.Nesom (Asteraceae), is a threatened halophyte found only in parts of Atlantic Canada, and seeds are being stored in the seed bank located at the University of Prince Edward Island. It is important to assess the quality of the seeds in storage to ensure their usefulness in the conservation of the species. We tested the effects of seed age on the viability and germination potential of seeds currently held in the seed bank and the effect of dormancy-breaking treatments on germination. Seeds produced in six different years were tested using the tetrazolium test and standard germination tests. Our results show high viability for seeds from all years but relatively low germination, with no clear relationship between germinability and seed age, indicating that the potential for these seeds to germinate may depend on other factors. To test the usefulness of dormancy-breaking treatments, seeds were subjected to a cold moist treatment or a hormone treatment of gibberellic acid, kinetin, or a combination of the two. All of the treatments significantly enhanced germination by comparison with the control, with the combined treatment of gibberellic acid and kinetin being the most effective at stimulating germination.
On an electron in an elastic medium with a spiral dislocation
Authors: Maia A. V. D. M. , Bakke K.
Published: September 2019

Topological effects of a spiral dislocation on an electron are investigated when it is confined to a hard-wall confining potential. Besides, the influence of the topology of the spiral dislocation on the interaction of the electron with a nonuniform radial electric field and a uniform axial magnetic field is analyzed. It is shown that the spectrum of energy can be obtained in all these cases. Moreover, it is shown that there is one case where an analog of the Aharonov–Bohm effect for bound states is yielded by the topology of the spiral dislocation.
On a Global Sequential Scenario of Bifurcation Trees to Chaos in a First-Order, Periodically Excited, Time-Delayed System
Authors: Xing Siyuan , Luo Albert C. J.
Published: September 2019

In this paper, the global sequential scenario of bifurcation trees of periodic motions to chaos is studied for a first-order, time-delayed, nonlinear dynamical system with periodic excitation. The periodic motions of such a first-order time-delayed system is obtained semi-analytically, and the corresponding stability and bifurcations are determined by eigenvalue analysis. A global sequential scenario of bifurcation trees is given by [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a global bifurcation tree of an asymmetric period-[Formula: see text] motion to chaos, and [Formula: see text] is a global bifurcation tree of a symmetric period-[Formula: see text] motion to chaos. Each bifurcation tree of a specific periodic motion to chaos is presented in detail. Numerical simulations of periodic motions are performed from analytical predictions. From finite Fourier series, harmonic amplitudes and phases for periodic motions are obtained for frequency analysis. Through this study, the rich dynamics of the first-order, time-delayed, nonlinear dynamical system is presented.
Theoretical study of first row transitional metals effects on stabilization of verdoheme analogues
Authors: Taghizadeh Afsaneh , Asli Maryam Daghighi , Jamaat Parisa Rajabali
Published: September 2019

Heme catabolism is an important physiological process that converts heme to biliverdin in the presence of heme oxygenase which has an essential role in destroying unwanted heme. Verdohemes, the green iron (II) complexes of the 5-oxaporphyrin macrocycle are produced by oxidative destruction of heme. The main goal of this study is clarification of the central metal effect on stabilization of metal 5-oxaporphyrin molecules. To investigate the role of central metal on geometric and electronic properties of five coordinated verdoheme analogues, the first row transitional metals, including Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn, as the central metal of five-coordinated metal 5-oxaporphyrins were systematically calculated without any symmetry constraint by using the B3LYP as DFT method and the 6-31G basis set in gas and solvent phases. According to the results, the stabilization energy of metal 5-oxaporphyrins increases with atomic mass in the solvent phase more than in the gas phase. By reviewing the properties such as the computed frontier orbital energy, HOMO and LUMO gap energy [Formula: see text], hardness [Formula: see text], chemical potential [Formula: see text], softness (s) and electrophilicity [Formula: see text], the pharmaceutical use of this compound can be discussed.
Correcting Hypokalemia in Hospitalized Patients Does Not Decrease Risk of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Authors: Harkness Weston , Watts Paula , Kopstein Michael , Dziadkowiec Oliwier , Hicks Gregory , Scherbak Dmitriy
Published: September 2019

Background. It is currently standard practice to correct hypokalemia for the purpose of preventing cardiac arrhythmias in all hospitalized patients. However, the efficacy of this intervention has never been previously studied. Objective. The objective of our study was to evaluate whether patients without acute coronary syndrome or history of arrhythmias were at increased risk of clinically significant cardiac arrhythmias if their potassium level was not corrected to ≥3.5 mEq/L. Design. A retrospective case control study. Setting. A community hospital. Participants. We enrolled selected patients who had episodes of hypokalemia during their hospital stay and were monitored on telemetry. Patients were split into groups based on success of replacing serum potassium to ≥3.5 mEq/L after 24 hours. Measurements. The primary outcome was the development of an arrhythmia. Arrhythmias included supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, Mobitz type II second-degree or third-degree AV block, ventricular tachycardia, or ventricular fibrillation. A one-tailed Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression were used for analysis. Results. A total of 1338 hypokalemic patient days were recorded. Out of these days, 22 arrhythmia events (1.6% of patient days) were observed, 8 in the uncorrected group (1% patient days) and 14 in the corrected group (2.6% patient days). We found no statistically significant relationship between successfully correcting potassium to ≥3.5 mEq/L and number of arrhythmic events (p=0.037, OR = 2.38 (95% CI: 0.99, 6.03)). Logistic regression revealed that correction of potassium does not seem to be significantly related to arrhythmias (β = 0.869, p=0.0517). Conclusions. In the acute care setting, we found that patients with hypokalemia whose potassium level did not correct to ≥3.5 mEq/L were not at increased odds of having an arrhythmia. This study suggests that the common practice of checking and replacing potassium is likely inconsequential.
Oral immunotherapy with peach juice in patients allergic to LTPs
Authors: Navarro Begoña , Alarcón Eladia , Claver Ángela , Pascal Mariona , Díaz-Perales Araceli , Cisteró-Bahima Anna
Published: September 2019

Introduction

To assess the safety and efficacy of an oral immunotherapy regimen in patients with allergy to lipid transfer proteins (LTPs).

Materials and methods

Prospective study of 24 patients allergic to LTP with positive skin test and a history of anaphylaxis. All patients underwent a desensitization protocol with commercial peach juice. Rising doses of peach juice were administered, starting with an initial dose of seven drops of a 1/1000 dilution and finishing with a dose of 5 ml at visit 17. At visit 18, all patients performed an open challenge with whole juice at a cumulative dose of 200 ml. All adverse reactions occurring during the administration of the different doses were recorded. Levels of rPru p 3 in the juice were quantified.

Results

There were no severe reactions during the desensitization process in the 24 patients. Seven patients (29%) reported mild oral symptoms, and two patients (8%) had urticaria associated with co-factors (one due to exercise and another due to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Nineteen patients were able to swallow 5 ml of juice and five withdrew from the study. In two pregnant patients the final challenge was not performed. In all, 17/24 patients were able to consume 200 ml peach juice without developing symptoms.

Conclusions

Oral immunotherapy with the regimen used in this study is an effective and safe short-term therapeutic option for patients with allergy to LTPs. Commercial peach juice appears to be suitable for this treatment.
The notion of language deviations in St. Augustine’s Ars pro fratrum mediocritate breuiata
Authors: Fortes Fábio , Freitas Fernando Adão de Sá
Published: September 2019

The notion of linguistic correction (Latinitas) with which Augustine of Hippo introduced his Ars pro fratrum mediocritate breuiata seems central to the philosopher's grammatical discussion, not only because of the various examples that Augustine offers about the definitions of barbarism and soloecism at the end of this treatise, but also because the subject of correction (Latinitas) and, consequently, of the deviations of language (barbarismus and soloecismus), are also presented in other non-grammatical works: The confessions, De ordine and De doctrina Christiana. In this article, we propose to evaluate the conceptual outlines of the notions of barbarism and solecism in the work of Augustine, considering, on the one hand, the definitions present in the Ars breuiata, and, on the other, the way in which Augustine also presents them in his philosophical work. We propose that the normative orientation contained in the text of ars must be relativised by ethical questions that arise from the comments present in the Confessions, the De ordine and the De doctrina Christiana.
E-cigarette Use, Tobacco Product Polyuse, and Motivations for Use among Baltimore Young Adults
Authors: Le Daisy , Moran Meghan B. , Atnafou Rebkha , Matson Pamela A. , Jones Miranda R. , D'Souza Gypsyamber
Published: September 2019

Objective: We examined reasons for e-cigarette use, tobacco product polyuse, and tobacco cessation interest among tobacco-using young adults from an urban setting. Methods: Participants (N = 97) completed a risk factor survey. Descriptive statistics and prevalence estimates
of polytobacco use patterns, motivations for tobacco use, tobacco cessation interest, and beliefs and risk perceptions about tobacco use were explored. Results: All participants had a history of polyuse, and 85% were current polyusers. Stress was the primary reason reported for tobacco
use. Compared to single-product users, current polyusers also were more likely to mention environment and cheap cost as reasons for use. Most participants perceived cigarettes to be as addictive as cocaine or heroin, although this perception was less common among e-cigarette users than non-users.
Among study participants, 59% reported wanting to stop using tobacco completely. Among current polyusers, those that used e-cigarettes were more likely to report cessation attempts during the past year and express interest in enrolling in a quit smoking text messaging program. Conclusion:
In our sample there was a high prevalence of polytobacco product use and complex tobacco use patterns among young adults, both in and out of college, from an urban community.
Universal Anxiety Interventions in United States Schools: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tutsch Sonja F. , Fowler Patrick , Kumar Gaurav , Weaver Adam , Minter Christian I.J. , Baccaglini Lorena
Published: September 2019

Objective: We reviewed studies pertaining to randomized controlled universal/Tier 1, teacher-led intervention trials in United States (US) schools, and their impact on anxiety in K-12 students. Methods: We searched 7 databases and one search engine. Anxiety was the main
outcome measure. Studies published through July 5, 2018 were appraised using the Cochrane Collaborations tool. Results: We included 4 studies, all indicating efficacy for lowering anxiety symptoms. Internal bias was unclear for 3. Conclusion: Despite a call from the National
Institute of Mental Health for population-based, upstream public health interventions, empirical evidence is scarce. Findings from this review are reflected by the absence of such studies from the Healthy People 2020 recommendations for evidence-based resources consumer page. There
appears to be a need for development and testing of universal teacher-led anxiety interventions in US schools.
Multikulturalisme Tanpa Fondasi: Limitasi Pendekatan Legal-Formal dalam Mewujudkan Masyarakat Multikultural di Indonesia
Authors: Akbar Nuruddin Al , Asworo Listiana
Published: September 2019

Studi ini hendak melakukan pembacaan kritis terhadap strategi pemerintah Jokowi untuk membendung arus radikalisme di Indonesia dengan pendekatan legal formal sebagaimana yang nampak dari disahkannya Undang Undang tentang Ormas. Studi ini berargumen bahwa logika legal-formal tersebut tidak dapat dilepaskan dari ide multikulturalisme yang mensyaratkan dua komponen, yakni hadirnya negara transenden dan sense of public yang kuat di masyarakat. Mengambil perspektif struktural-fungsional, ketidakhadiran satu komponen saja dalam sebuah tatanan struktur, maka akan menyebabkan fungsi yang diharapkan tidak terwujud. Studi ini sendiri secara spesifik mengambil FPI sebagai obyek studi dengan alasan sepak terjang FPI selama ini telah menabrak batas toleransi yang diizinkan dalam skema multikulturalisme. FPI tidak hanya bergerak di level ide, tetapi juga melakukan kekerasan fisik terhadap kelompok lain yang dianggap tidak sejalan dengan visinya. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa eksistensi FPI justru mendapat dukungan dari elemen kepolisian dan TNI yang seharusnya menjadi ujung tombak negara dalam menegakkan hukum, termasuk juga dukungan sebagian masyarakat yang cukup besar pada FPI. Dukungan tersebut menjadi bukti adanya problem mendasar pada ide multikulturalisme di Indonesia, dimana prasyarat negara transendental dan sense of public yang kuat yang seharusnya menjadi basis utama penopang bekerjanya multikulturalisme ternyata tidak hadir dalam konteks Indonesia.
Analysis in making decision of farmer to select bull frozen semen in Indonesia
Authors: Agustine R. , Bintara S. , Andarwati S. , Muzayyanah M. A. U. , Widi T. S. M. , Putra A. R. S.
Published: September 2019

The research objectives was to analyze the farmer’s decision in selecting breed of bull frozen semen for Artificial Insemination (AI) and determine the factors influencing the decision. There were five bull frozen semen options which simulated in this research, such as Simmental, Limousine, Ongole Grade (Peranakan Ongole / PO), Brahman, and other option. ”Other” option was used if the farmer did not recognize what breed of frozen semen was inseminated to their cow. Farmers must choose only one option of bull frozen semen that suitable for their cow. This study was conducted by collecting data using questionaire from 400 beef cattle’s farmers in Central Java Province and Yogyakarta Province. Respondents were selected by multistage random sampling technique. Descriptive statistical analysis and multinomial logistic regression analysis was used in this study The results revealed that 42% of farmers were more interested in inseminating their cows with bull semen from Simmental, and 30.75% of farmers were more interested in Limousin. Other variables such as family member, AI’s cost, land ownership, cow breed which lastly being inseminated, geographical factor, and farmer’s knowledge about the inseminatorswere variables that determine farmer’s decision process.
Beyond territorial conceptions of entrepreneurial ecosystems: The dynamic spatiality of knowledge brokering in seed accelerators
Authors: Kuebart Andreas , Ibert Oliver
Published: September 2019

In spatial terms, entrepreneurial ecosystems are mostly conceptualized as confined to a specific territory. At the same time, the growing relevance of entrepreneurship in digital fields is underlined. This paper argues that this is contradictory since territorial thinking underestimates the disruptive qualities of new entrepreneurial practices in the digital economy. Using process-based, qualitative case studies on seed accelerators from four regions: Amsterdam, Berlin, Detroit and Hamburg, this study seeks to explore knowledge brokering in entrepreneurship ecosystems and analyzes the corresponding spatial dynamics. Our findings imply that startups in digital fields share knowledge about business models and technologies in a way that is unattainable in classical knowledge clusters. Moreover, we show that most of the observed entrepreneurial practices in seed accelerators crucially rely on extra-regional resources and thus remain only incompletely embedded into the respective regions. Against the background of these results, we suggest that entrepreneurial ecosystems should not be primarily viewed as territorial phenomena. Instead, we suggest that the territorial view on entrepreneurship ecosystems should be complemented with a topological view that foregrounds entrepreneurship as a trans-locally shared practice that is tangent to different regions in different ways.
Bemerkungen zur Schwingungstheorie dünner elastischer Platten
Authors: Sauter Fritz
Published: September 2019

Der natürlichste Weg zum Verständnis der Schwingungsvorgänge bei dünnen Platten, nämlich der über die strengen Lösungen der elastischen Grundgleichungen, ist bisher in der Literatur wenig beachtet worden. Diese strenge Integration ergibt für Platten endlicher Dicke bei vorgegebener Laufgeschwindigkeit c der Wellen parallel zur Platte (= Schnittgeschwindigkeit) ein diskretes Spektrum zugehöriger Schwingungsfrequen-zen. Seine Diskussion führt im Grenzfall dünner Platten zu drei bestimmten Dispersionsgesetzen für die drei verschiedenen Schwingungstypen (Scherungs-, Dehnungs-und Piegungsschwingungen), aus denen man leicht die für diesen Grenzfall vereinfachten Schwingungsgleichungen sowohl in erster wie auch in höherer Näherung gewinnen kann. Im besonderen wird so anschaulich verständlich, warum die Differentialgleichung für die Biegungsschwingungen dünner Platten von vierter Ordnung in den Raum-ableitungen ist.
Temperatureffekte bei der Diffusion realer Gase
Authors: Miller Leonhard
Published: September 2019

Bei der Diffusion von reinem Wasserstoff gegen reinen Stickstoff im geschlossenen Zylinder wird der Diffusionsthermoeffekt mit einem Saitengalvanometer registriert. Das zeitlich veränderliche Temperaturfeld wird rekonstruiert, wobei sich Hinweise auf eine endliche negative Mischungswärme ergeben, die auch nach thermodynamischer Berechnung existieren muß.

Die maximalen Temperaturänderungen bei der Diffusion einer Reihe anderer Gas-paare werden angegeben. Weiter werden die Temperaturänderungen bei der Diffusion aus einem offenen Zylinder in den freien Raum beobachtet.
Eine Prüfung der Theorie der Kern-Einzelstreuung von Elektronen
Authors: Bothe Walther
Published: September 2019

Nach einer früher beschriebenen Methode wurden vergleichende Messungen der Einzelstreuung von Elektronen an dünnen Folien mit magnetischer Zerlegung der gestreuten Elektronen durchgeführt. Für Elektronen von 210 und 370 keV und einen effektiven Streuwinkel von 106° weicht die gemessene Z-Abhängigkeit erheblich von der theoretisch erwarteten ab.
Dielektrische Polarisation und Relaxation von Lösungen und Mischungen polarer (einschl. assoziierter) Stoffe unter Annahme des Onsagerschen inneren Feldes
Authors: Fischer Erich
Published: September 2019

Auf Grund des Onsagerschen Ansatzes für das innere Feld wird die dielektrische Relaxation von Lösungen und Mischungen polarer Flüssigkeiten behandelt. Eine zweckmäßige Umformung der Onsagerschen Gleichung ergibt im quasi-statischen Fall zunächst eine einfache Formel zur Berechnung von Dipolmomenten in Lösungen und Mischungen. Bei der Auswertung von Relaxationszeiten der in unpolarer Flüssigkeit gelösten Dipolmoleküle ist gegenüber dem Fall reiner Dipolflüssigkeit eine Korrektur wegen der Verschiedenheit der optischen Polarisationen von Lösungsmittel und Gelöstem zu beachten. Das Gleiche gilt für Mischungen verschiedener Dipolflüssigkeiten bei der Zusammensetzung ihrer Einzelrelaxationszeiten zu einer mittleren Relaxationszeit für das Langwellengebiet. Für assoziierte Dipolsubstanzen ist der aus den Einzelrelaxationszeiten der verschiedenen Komplexe gebildete Mittelwert τ̅ gegenüber der Relaxationszeit τ1 des Einzelmoleküls erhöht; wenn das mittlere Moment pro Einzelmolekül unverändert bleibt, ist bei Kettenassoziation unter einfachen Bedingungen τ̅ = (2 f - 1)τ1 (f = mittlere Zähligkeit); bei polarer Assoziation ändert sich die Beziehung in Richtung auf eine Abhängigkeit τ̅ = [3f-1-2f/(f - 1)]τ1. Es werden die Möglichkeiten diskutiert, aus Messungen von τ̅ und durch weitergehende Analyse des Dispersions- und Absorptionsverlaufs, der durch Überlagerung einer Reihe von Relaxationen gekennzeichnet ist, Aufschluß über den Assoziationsgrad und die Verteilung der Komplexe zu erhalten.
Microwave and Millimeterwave Spectra of Difluoromethane: Centrifugal Distortion Analysis
Authors: Martinache L. , Burie J. , Demaison J. , Merke I.
Published: September 2019

The rotational spectra of CH2F2, v = 0, v4= 1 , v4 = 2 and 13CH2F2, v = 0 have been reanalyzed. Accurate rotational and centrifugal distortion constants have been determined.
Racionalidad limitada en la valoración de empresas: el caso de Cementos Argos
Authors: Rodríguez Garzón Andrés David
Published: September 2019

En el artículo se expone una práctica de valoración de empresas realizada a Cementos Argos S. A. En el proceso de valoración se aplicaron diversos métodos, siendo este influenciado por el gran método QCC. Se expone el procedimiento de valoración de la empresa y los cinco tipos de problemas (de la valoración en sí misma, del valorador, del conjunto de información capturada, de las personas constructoras de dicho conjunto de información, y de otros factores) que se tuvieron al valorarla. De esta valoración se concluye que un inversionista actúa bajo racionalidad limitada cuando toma decisiones de inversión en una empresa sobre la que no tiene información completa, pues basa sus decisiones en un conjunto de información cuya confiabilidad es limitada porque tiene ciertas falencias que pueden ocasionar decisiones adversas en el inversionista. La pretensión de este trabajo es ser crítico, eso sí con pruebas empíricas, con algunos dogmas de las ciencias económicas, más que exponer hasta el más mínimo detalle de lo que fue la valoración de Cementos Argos.
Poverty in the Colombian Atlantic Region. A New Dimension for your Analysis
Authors: Borray Benavides Jairo , Caballero Villanueva Jenny Marcela
Published: September 2019

En años recientes se ha venido analizando una rama de estudio alternativa que valora la percepción que tiene la población en estado de pobreza, llamada “pobreza subjetiva”, la cual determina la condición de pobreza según la autopercepción que tienen los individuos frente a esta. Este proyecto tiene por objetivo determinar los causantes de la pobreza subjetiva en Colombia, además de establecer la pobreza por ingresos, a partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Calidad de Vida (ENCV) del Dane para el período 2011-2015. Desde el punto de vista metodológico se utilizó un modelo de tipo Logit para establecer la autopercepción que tienen los individuos en cuanto a la pobreza y así mismo lograr determinar las variables con mayor peso dentro de dicha percepción; estas percepciones arrojaron resultados similares a las mediciones convencionales de pobreza en el país. Este proyecto servirá como una fuente de información adicional para ser tenida en cuenta dentro de las estadísticas que se tienen acerca de la pobreza, desde la ganancia monetaria del grupo familiar, pero también a través del índice de pobreza multidimensional.
Challenges in the Protection of Domestic Violence Victims in Azerbaijan: An Overview of the National Legislation in Light of the 2011 CoE Istanbul Convention
Authors: Alasgarova Gulnaz
Published: September 2019

This article focuses on the following issues: the list of people offered victim status under the Law on Prevention of Domestic Violence of Azerbaijan, the legal remedies available to them, and the legal measures taken by state authorities in all kinds of domestic violence episodes. Additionally, the Law is scrutinized in light of the CoE Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence. Hence, the benefits and shortcomings of the current legislation are easily found.
Legal Complexities of Hybrid Threats in the Arctic Region
Authors: Al-Aridi Alaa
Published: September 2019

This article will focus on the legal framework that applies to the Arctic ocean and highlight the legal grey areas that hybrid campaigns could invest in to violate international maritime law and law relating to the use of force.
Carbon source utilisation and evaluation of the Biolog system in the identification of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Authors: Makrai László , Sárközi Rita , Fodor László
Published: September 2019

Sixty-eightActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaestrains were isolated from porcine acute pleuropneumonia cases from different parts of Hungary between 2000 and 2014. A total of 41 isolates were identified asA. pleuropneumoniaebio-type I and 27 strains as biotype II based on cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate metabolic fingerprinting in the species-level identification ofA. pleuropneumoniaeisolates. Utilisation of carbon sources by these field isolates and six reference strains was characterised by the Biolog system (GN2 Microplate, MicroLog3 Version 4.20.05 software). Twenty-nine field strains were correctly identified by the Biolog system asA. pleuropneumoniae, 36 strains asA. lignieresii, two strains asH. paraphrohaemolyticusand one strain asA. equuliafter 24 h of incubation. Among the sixA. pleuropneumoniaereference strains the Biolog system identified one strain asA. pleuropneumoniae, four asA. lignieresiiand one asH. paraphrohaemolyticus.There was no correlation between biotypes and serotypes ofA. pleuropneumoniaeand the carbon source utilisation pattern and species identification by the Biolog system. our data indicate that the efficacy of the Biolog system used here could be improved by including phenotypes of moreA. pleuropneumoniaestrains representing a wider geographical occurrence into the database.
Burāq depicted as Amanita muscaria in a 15th century Timurid-illuminated manuscript?
Authors: Piper Alan
Published: September 2019

A series of illustrations in a 15th century Timurid manuscript record the mi’raj, the ascent through the seven heavens by Mohammed, the Prophet of Islam. Several of the illustrations depict Burāq, the fabulous creature by means of which Mohammed achieves his ascent, with distinctive features of the Amanita muscaria mushroom. A. muscaria or “fly agaric” is a psychoactive mushroom used by Siberian shamans to enter the spirit world for the purposes of conversing with spirits or diagnosing and curing disease. Using an interdisciplinary approach, the author explores the routes by which Burāq could have come to be depicted in this manuscript with the characteristics of a psychoactive fungus, when any suggestion that the Prophet might have had recourse to a drug to accomplish his spirit journey would be anathema to orthodox Islam. There is no suggestion that Mohammad’s night journey (isra) or ascent (mi’raj) was accomplished under the influence of a psychoactive mushroom or plant.
Desempenho de 15 variedades de soja plantadas em terra firme, na Fazenda Araçá, Manaus, em 1976
Authors: Rahman Fazal
Published: September 2019

Resumo Treze variedades de soja anteriormente incluídas num experimento na várzea e duas novas introduções, Pickett 71 e Calland, foram plantadas em 30/06/76 na terra firme (Fazenda Araçá km 4 da BR-319, Manaus-Porto Velho), onde a floresta foi derrubada há 8 anos. A produção de sementes foi baixa neste experimento principalmente devido ao atraso no plantio. No presente trabalho são discutidas brevemente as possíveis causas da baixa produtividade e são feitas recomendações para uma melhor avaliação do plantio de variedades de soja em terra firme. Hampton 266A foi a variedade que mais produziu neste experimento, com 563 kg por hectare, enquanto que Júpiter, com uma produção de 4.588 kg por hectare na várzea de Caldeirão, produziu apenas 400 kg por hectare na terra firme. Esta mesma variedade Júpiter produziu 2.100 kg/ha em um canteiro de multiplicação de sementes próximo da área do experimento, plantado com 42 dias de antecedência. A época de plantio de soja em terra firme carece ser ajustada de modo que o tempo de maturidade das plantas coincida com a estação seca.
REPERTÓRIO, SEGUNDO CHARLES TILLY: HISTÓRIA DE UM CONCEITO
Authors: Alonso Angela
Published: September 2019

Resumo: O artigo problematiza a incorporação da dimensão cultural na explicação dos processos políticos a partir de uma reconstrução das várias formulações do conceito de repertório na sociologia de Charles Tilly, desde os anos 1970 até seus últimos trabalhos, em 2008. Mostra como Tilly partiu, em 1976, de uma noção de repertório como formas de ação reiteradas em diferentes tipos de conflito; abordagem estruturalista e racionalista, concentrada na ligação entre interesse e ação, e privilegiando atores singulares. Trinta anos depois, o conceito de repertório se apresenta relacional e interacionista, privilegia a experiência das pessoas em interações conflituosas, e o uso e a interpretação dos scripts em performances. Esta reformulação enfatiza a agency e afasta-se do estruturalismo anterior de Tilly. Argumenta-se que a interpretação de Tilly pode se aplicar à história de seu conceito, apropriado em performances de outros intérpretes. Além da sua aplicação a novos casos, repertório ganhou especificações, contestações, dilatações, e usos imprevistos.
ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ПРОДАЖ ТУРИСТСКОГО ПРОДУКТА, ОРИЕНТИРОВАННЫЕ НА ЭКОНОМИКУ ВПЕЧАТЛЕНИЙ
Authors: Сушкова Наталья Сергеевна
Published: September 2019

Цель: рассмотрение особенностей технологии продаж туристского продукта в условиях современной экономики впечатлений. Выделение этапов продаж применительно отраслевой специфики. Анализ влияния экономики впечатлений на технологию продаж и финансовые результаты компании. Обсуждение: для успешного ведения бизнеса современному рынку одних только услуг становится мало. Потребители, уставшие от однотипных услуг, хотят получить такие услуги, которые созданы только для них. Поэтому в настоящее время активно продуцирует новая экономика – экономика впечатлений, ориентированная на ощущения потребителя, что особенно актуально в индустрии туризма. Результаты: предложены этапы техники продаж туристского продукта. Рассмотрены отличительные особенности влияние тенденций экономики впечатлений. Разработана уточненная классическая формула кругооборота финансовых средств в туризме. Рассмотрено экономическое влияние впечатлений туриста на формирование капитала компании. Для снижения отрицательного эффекта предложен порядок рассмотрения жалобы туриста по принципу «подарка».
The Perlocutionary Effects of Cautionary Notices on Motoristusing Nigeria Highways
Authors: Tajudeen Opoola Bolanle , Awoniyi Folorunso Emmanuel , Fatimo Opoola Ayobami , Odusanya Olatunbosun
Published: September 2019

The dangers associated with traffic violations on the highways cannot be overemphasized. This work, therefore, examines the communicative effectiveness of cautionary notices on Nigeria highways, where these cautionary notices are mostly found, by looking at the attitude of the motorists towards the cautionary notices and the attention people generally paid to them. This study, which is descriptive, drew its data from the major highways in Nigeria where these notices were erected by notable construction companies as well as other corporate bodies. The analyses of these notices were based on the performed acts of the speech act theory, as these notices, in the view of many, are not considered as ordinary graphics, writings and symbols because of their significance on both the writers and the readers. The study carefully examines how the intention of these cautionary notices is achieved in the communication between the dispatcher and recipient in order to determine the effectiveness of these notices on the behavior of the motorists. The work thus brings out the critical discourse elements of the subject matter. Findings reveal that some of the cautionary notices are regarded as warnings while some are viewed as a combination of warning and advice. The study further shows that the use of cautionary notices has helped in the maintenance of law and order on the highway especially among vehicle owners, making them to be security conscious and thus helping to eradicate preventable deaths through over speeding and sundry vices. Finally, the study reveals that the use of cautionary notices is a new dimension in the area of linguistic landscape and if the use is further encouraged, it would help to maintain peace, orderliness, and guide against fatal accidents on the highways.
A Brief Exploration of the Development of Business English Major in China — Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Ruan Bayan
Published: September 2019

The issue of Business English (BE) Major development is currently being discussed hotly in China since it has been officially approved by Chinese Education Ministry about twelve years ago. This paper takes a historic overview and explores the reasons about why BE major is necessary in China’s higher education institutions, including discussion on BE’s definition in China context, its relationship with English for Specific Purpose (ESP). Through combining ESP’s popular theory – NAT (need analysis theory), the paper concludes problems raised during the development of BE major in China, including disputations about its curriculum design, learners’ dissatisfaction, and BE teachers’ professional development. Further application discussion on NIT’s BE major (Ningbo Institute Technology, Zhejiang University, where the author is working at) will also be shown in the later part. This paper suggests to design curriculum that are suitable to China’s different levels of universities rather than to merely learn from good universities either abroad or domestically. The paper then calls for a further exploration specifically in terms of improving curriculum design and BE teachers’ professional development.
COPING MANUFACTURED TECHNIQUE OF SPINELL SLIP CAST ALL CERAMIC BY CONVENTIONAL METHODS AND CAD/CAM
Authors: Hidayatin Insani , Indiani Sri Redjeki , Ratwita Rr. Dwiyanti Feriana
Published: September 2019

Background: Ceramic restorations is divided into two kindsnamelyPorcelain Fused to Metal (PFM) and all-ceramic restorations. In ceram spinell is one of the materials needed for manufacturing anterior coping of all ceramic which has better aesthetic than in other in ceram. Methods which have been done are Conventional Slip Cast by application of spinell paste on refractory die manually and CAD/CAM computer-based technique. The difference of mentioned previously methods is few step-in slips cast methods can be performed only by one step CAD/CAM methods. Objective: To discover the differences between Conventional Slip Cast methods and CAD/ CAM methods. Review: Application of CAD/CAM methods has few advantages compared to conventional methods. Since few step-in conventional methods can be performed only one step in CAD/CAM methods. Conclusion: In order to shorten the time in manufacturing spinell all-ceramic, the dental technician may use CAD/CAM methods. Few advantages of CAD/CAM methods compare to slip cast methods are not necessary to do die to block out, die duplication, wetting agent spraying, vitasonic and ultrasonic usage, giving border by ink pen for determining application border, preparing spinell paste for coping application. Those steps all can be performed only by scanning, design, and milling by CAD/CAM methods. Besides that, coping result produced by CAD/ CAM methods has good accuracy due to spinell block utilization which has better homogenous composition.
ANALISIS TERJEMAHAN EUFEMISME ORGAN DAN AKTIFITAS SEKSUAL DALAM NOVEL FIFTY SHADES OF GREY
Authors: Arifin Desi Zauhana , Djatmika Djatmika , Wiratno Tri
Published: September 2019

This research is aimed to: (1) identify the kinds of euphemism sexual organ and sexual activity in  Fifty Shades of Grey novel, (2) identify the translation techniques used by the translator in translating sexual organ and sexual activity with euphemism, (3) describe the impact  of translation technique which applied by the translator toward translation quality in terms of accuracy and acceptability.

This research is a descriptive-qualitative research. Sources of data are Fifty Shades of Grey novel and also informans who assess the quality of the translation. Data were collected by using document analysis, questionnaires, and focus group discussion (FGD). Data were analyzed by using Spradley’s ethnography method.

The result of this research shows that there are 10 kinds of euphemism in sexual organ and sexual activity in Fifty Shades of Grey novel . The most dominating euphemism sexual organ of this data is general for specific with the percentation as many as 47.14%, while in sexual activity, the most dominating euphemism is hyperbole with percentation 29.37%. In this research there are thirteen techniques which used by the translator to translate sexual organ and sexual activity with euphemism, the technique which dominates is established equivalent with the percentation 47.43%. For the translation quality, 117 data (59,7%) were accurately translated, 66 data (33,7%) were less accurately translated 13 data (6,6%)were not accurately translated and there were 112 data (57,1%) identified as acceptable translation,  74 data (37,8%) are less acceptable translation, and 10 data (5,1%) are not acceptable translation.

The conclusion of this research shows that lots of euphemisms were found in Fifty Shades of Grey novel and some of translation techniques have negative impact towards the translation quality of Fifty Shades of Grey novel. This research only uses euphemism sexual organ and sexual activity in Fifty Shades of Grey novel. The other reference of euphemism can be used as the data for further research.

 

Keywords: Euphemism, translation techniques, translation quality
MODALITAS SEBAGAI REALISASI MAKNA INTERPERSONAL PADA TALKSHOW MATA NAJWA ON STAGE "SEMUA KARENA AHOK"
Authors: Khaofia Suci
Published: September 2019

Artikel ini akan membahas modalitas sebagai realisasi makna interpersonal pada sebuah talk show. Mata Najwa on stage adalah sebuah talk show yang dipandu oleh Najwa Shihab membahas mengenai berbagai topik dengan tokoh-tokoh masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi jenis modalitas yang digunakan oleh Najwa Shihab dan menjelaskan hubungan antara modalitas dengan makna interpersonal pada talk show Mata Najwa on stage “Semua Karena Ahok”. Data penelitian ini diambil dari dialog yang terjadi antara Najwa Shihab dan narasumber (bintang tamu). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Najwa Shihab menggunakan 25 probabilitas tingkat tinggi, 5 probabilitas tingkat sedang, 1 probabilitas tingkat rendah, 5 obligasi tingkat tinggi dan 1 inklinasi tingkat rendah. Penggunaan modalitas tingkat tinggi serta adanya obligasi menunjukkan bahwa posisi Najwa Shihab tidak sejajar dengan partisipan  lain pada talk show tersebut.

Kata kunci: makna interpersonal, modalitas, obligasi, probabilitas, status
THE ANALYSIS ON TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES AND TRANSLATION QUALITY OF CHINESE CULTURE SOCIAL TERM
Authors: Maharani Ayu Kharisma
Published: September 2019

The Chinese cultural term is one of the main problems in translation. This study aims to analyze the translation which is the Chinese social cultural term, translation techniques, and the impact of the use of translation techniques on the quality of translation which includes aspects of accuracy, acceptability, and readybility. This research employs a descriptive qualitative with case study and oriented to the translation product. The source of data take from documents selected with purposive sampling technique and the discussion result with raters and informant. The document refer to Stempel Tiongkok:  Kumpulan Karya Li Lanqing Dalam Pameran Seni Ukir dan Kaligrafi with its translated text. Data reaserch contains Chinese culture term which are word or phrase. The technique of collecting data used consisted of analysis of documents, quisioner and interview to raters and informants. Data were analyzed using ethnographic analysis, which consisting of domain, taxonomy, and componential analysis until found its cultural theme. From the analysis found 12 data and 7translation technique. They are using adaptation techniques, lending, common equivalent, linguistic compression, variation, deskrutif creation, transposition. Good translation techniques are common equivalent, linguistic compression, lending, variation. Translation techniques are not good deskrusif creations and adaptations.
INTEGRATING ONE OF INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF DISCOURSE CALLED ‘PROCESS’ IN WRITING PROCEDURE TEXT FOR INTERMEDIATE LEVEL
Authors: Widuri Emilia
Published: September 2019

In this article the researcher applies one of internal structure of discourse called ‘Process’ in writing ‘Procedures text’. Procedure text is a piece of writing that tells us information of making/doing something through several steps/directions. There are two important parts that students have to consider in procedure text; the generic structure and the language features. In the language features, the internal structure of “Process” of discourse integrated. The aim of internal structure of “Process” are offers the procedure/process for how something is done/created. The problem occurs when students ignore the internal structure of discourse, therefore they will face difficulties in writing process.

The first step of the researcher did in this research was making a lesson plan and student’ assessment. After finish it the researcher discussed with the expert to get the feedback. Based on the feedback the researcher revised it. Once again researcher discussed with the expert to get the final result of lesson plan and student’ assessment. The next step was conducting try out. It was held on 28th December 2017. The subjects are 3 students of UNY. The subjects are chosen randomly.

Based on the research finding, internal structure is applicable in writing. The generic structure and language features are also really helpful for students in writing English especially procedures text. Thus, all of the subjects of the research be able to produce discourse part with the same structure and successfully produce a paragraph of procedure text.

 
Development of PATS: A tool to assess professionalism
Authors: Khan Humaira Fayyaz , Yasmeen Raheela , Ali Shabana , Sadiq Tahira
Published: September 2019

Background: Professionalism has become a specific requirement for the medical graduates because of dissatisfaction regarding their preparedness to adequately deal with the challenges of the medical world. It should be assessed as a competency in the final year of medical students through a valid and reliable instrument. The purpose of the study was to develop and validate an instrument to assess the development of professionalism in final year medical students in the local context to assess the readiness off medical graduates. Method: This was a mixed method study with sequential qualitative and quantitative components.Micro scenarios for the preliminary instrument were developed after focus group. These were validated through 3 round modified Delphi technique by emails. A total of 24 participants responded for the first round, 15 for the 2nd and 3 rd rounds. After first round relevance of the item was obtained. Content validity ratio was calculated after second round. Cut off value for items was appropriated to be 0.6, 0.73 for modification and 0.8 for item retention. Second round analysis for revision of the opinions were send to participants for third round and content validity index average and universal agreement were performed. Cognitive pretesting was done. Cronbach’s Alpha for reliability and Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out after piloting. Results: Focus group resulted in 46 micro scenarios through manual qualitative analysis. Modified Delphi technique was used for content validation. First round of Delphi resulted in 35 items. After second round Content validity ratio was calculated. Twelve items were retained, 18 revised and 5 were removed. Content validity index (I-CVI) and content validity scale (S-CVI) was 0.94 and 0.64 respectively. Pre-cognitive testing resulted in modification of 4 items. Confirmatory factor analysis was 4.1. Cronbach’s Alpha was 0.96. Conclusion: The final instrument developed is a 27 item 5-point Likert scale. It has good content validity, reliability and acceptable construct validity. The strength of the instrument was in its process of development, which was focus group discussion, the iterative Delphi rounds, cognitive pre-testing and piloting. It can be used to assess the development of professionalism in the students of final year medical students.