bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Covalent Organic Framework as Photocatalyst for Smart Conversion Between Photooxidation and Photoreduction and H2O2 Production in Full pH Environment
Authors: Li Hao , Li Yanwei , Lv Xiaoling , Liu Chong , Zhang Nazhen , Zang Jing , Yue Penghan , Gao Yue , Liu Cong , Li Yanhui
Published: February 2025

Developing multifunctional photocatalysts with intelligent self‐adjusting is of great significance in the photocatalytic process. Herein, a smart covalent organic framework (Por‐HQ‐COF) with a phenol‐quinone conversion structure with pH changes is constructed for photooxidation, photoreduction, and H2O2 production. As a smart photocatalyst, Por‐HQ‐COF can convert into Por‐BQ‐COF intelligently with a trigger including solution pH, and vice versa. The reconstruction of phenol‐quinone conversion not only significantly alters the morphologies and the specific surface areas of the COF, but also leads to an entirely change in the band energy and charge distribution to influence photoelectric properties. As a result, under acidic conditions, Por‐BQ‐COF converts into Por‐HQ‐COF automatically and can photoreduce high concentration Cr(VI) to Cr(III) efficiently. Under neutral conditions, the superoxide anions (·O2−) initiate the Por‐HQ‐COF reconstruction into Por‐BQ‐COF to accelerate photooxidation to degrade high‐concentration TC. Under alkaline conditions, Por‐HQ‐COF converts into Por‐BQ‐COF, can effectively photosynthesize H2O2 (1525 µmol h−1 g−1 at λ > 420 nm) in the absence of any sacrificial reagents, and reveal the strong alkalinity lower the energy barrier of hydrogen extraction from H2O and clarify active sites for H2O2 production. This work provides a new strategy for developing smart photocatalysts and fulfill the application across the full pH environment.
Role of Noise in the Fairen–Velarde Model of Bacterial Respiration
Authors: Kundu Soumyadeep , Acharyya Muktish
Published: February 2025

Bacterial respiration, a fundamental biological process, plays a crucial role in ecological systems. The Fairen–Velarde model provides a theoretical framework to study the interplay between oxygen and nutrient concentrations in bacterial populations, representing a system of coupled nonlinear differential equations. In this work, how the introduction of noise affects the stability and behavior of bacterial respiration is investigated. Biological systems are inherently stochastic, with noise arising from environmental fluctuations and molecular‐level randomness. Through numerical simulations, how random fluctuations in oxygen and nutrient concentrations influence the system's stability is analyzed, particularly, the transition between limit cycles and fixed points. These results demonstrate that noise can induce a reduction in time scales, pushing the system toward a domain of fixed points, which contrasts with the noiseless case where the system exhibits a stable limit cycle. By employing statistical analysis across varying noise intensities, the likelihood of reaching the fixed domain is quantified and the area of this domain is examined under different noise conditions. These insights contribute to the broader understanding of how stochastic factors affect bacterial population dynamics, offering implications for microbial ecology and the management of bacterial processes in natural and engineered environments.
Superior High‐Rate Ni‐Rich Lithium Batteries Based on Fast Ion‐Desolvation and Stable Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase
Authors: Xiao Zhenxue , Wu Siyuan , Ren Xiaozhe , Fei Minfei , Hao Shuai , Gao Xueping , Li Guoran
Published: February 2025

The fast charging‐discharging performance of power batteries has very practical significance. In terms of electrochemistry, this requires fast and stable kinetics for electrochemical reaction processes. Despite the great complexity of kinetics, it is clear that lithium‐ion desolvation and a subsequent step of crossing through cathode‐electrolyte interphase (CEI) are crucial to high‐rate performance, in which the two key steps depend heavily on the working electrolyte formula. In this work, a customized electrolyte is developed to coordinate ion desolvation and interphase formation by introducing vinylene carbonate (VC), triphenylboroxin (TPBX), and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) but excluding ethylene carbonate (EC). Serving Ni‐rich cathodes, the customized electrolyte generates a double‐layered CEI, LiF‐dominated inorganics inner layer, and ROCOOLi‐dominated organics outer layer, which is not only stable and very efficient for lithium ion transport. Meanwhile, a ‐dominated solvation structure is induced and effectively decreases the desolvation energy to 29.72 kJ mol−1, supporting fast lithium ion transport in the cathode interfacial processes. Consequently, the Ni‐rich lithium‐ion battery achieves a stable long cycle at a superior high rate of 10 C.
Contactless Triboelectric Sensing for Real‐Time 3D Motion Recognition in Human‐Computer Interaction
Authors: Xu Qinghao , Gong Junhao , Chen Jiayi , Zhang Yimeng , Zhao Hongfa , Yin Jiaqi , Zhao Runze , Lyu Chuqiao , Ding Wenbo , Wu Changsheng
Published: February 2025

In the rapidly advancing fields of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, there is a growing need for human‐computer interaction (HCI) solutions that are not only intuitive but also efficient and easy to use. Triboelectric nanogenerators present a promising approach to developing wireless human‐machine interfaces, offering advantages such as simple operating principles and flexible, adaptable designs. This study introduces an HCI system that leverages a contactless triboelectric detector (CTD) to classify complex motion patterns in 3D space. The CTD system consists of a contactless sensing panel, a silicone rubber finger sleeve, a signal acquisition circuit, and a mobile terminal, which together enable the seamless acquisition and classification of weak wireless signals. One of the key benefits of the system is its lack of active energy consumption, making it highly energy‐efficient. Additionally, its simple structure and ease of deployment make it an attractive option for various applications. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed system has significant potential for interactive perception in industrial environments. With a motion recognition accuracy of 99.33%—including for intricate motions such as spiral curves—this system demonstrates its potential as a next‐generation solution for wireless HCI systems.
Assessing the efficiency of residential water demand: The role of information
Authors: Balado‐Naves Roberto , García‐Valiñas María A. , Roibás Alonso David
Published: February 2025

In the current context of the pressures placed on available water resources, sustainable patterns of water consumption emerge as an important matter of concern. We assess the efficiency levels of households by considering a stochastic frontier analysis of the demand for water services using a representative sample from a city in northern Spain. Moreover, we study the impact of several correlates, such as information and water‐saving technologies on the efficient levels of water demand. We find that misinformation generates higher levels of wasted water than technological gaps. These findings show the importance of accurate information for optimal decision‐making.
Multifunctional Ultra‐Bright Plasmonic Gold@Fluorescence Nanoprobe for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Ding Caiping , Li Wenjing , Huang Xiaolin , Tang Ben Zhong , Huang Youju
Published: February 2025

Metal‐enhanced fluorescence (MEF) represents a captivating phenomenon that transpires when fluorophores are situated in close vicinity to the surface of metallic nanostructures, leading to a nuanced augmentation of their fluorescent characteristics. Given its efficacy in enhancing excitation rates, quantum yield, and photostability, MEF has firmly established itself as a highly valuable tool for augmenting biosensor sensitivity, bioimaging clarity, and intensifying therapeutic responses. Notably, plasmonic gold nanostructures, inherently advantageous for MEF, have been widely utilized in signal amplification, fluorescent labeling, and theranostics. In this endeavor, we undertake a comprehensive examination of MEF‐enabled gold nanostructures, meticulously analyzing their fundamental enhancement mechanisms, crucial influencing factors, and diverse modes of enhancement. Furthermore, we spotlight the exemplary applications of these nanostructures in biosensing, bioimaging, and theranostics, underscoring their revolutionary potential. Ultimately, we offer a glimpse into the future prospects for improvement and the challenges that beset gold‐based MEF. Our attention is steadfastly directed toward the essential scientific questions and technical hurdles that remain to be surmounted, inviting readers to partake in an exciting exploration of this dynamic and promising field.
Sequential hydrogenation enhanced by bidirectional hydrogen spillover over cascade catalyst
Authors: Wang Shuai , Gao Daowei , Wang Rongyao , Wang Yong , Lv Yipin , Song Lianghao , Zhao Huaiqing , Jiang Xuchuan , Hu Riming , Chen Guozhu
Published: February 2025

Formulating a synergetic strategy to govern the catalytic function of dual metal sites is paramount to achieving precise control of cascade reactions. Herein, we construct a dual‐site cascade catalyst with Pt and Ru species localized in the micropores and mesopores of zeolite, respectively. This architecture enables the spatial separation of Pt and Ru sites in nanoscale proximity. Compared to mono/bi‐metallic catalysts, this cascade catalyst enables a 4.4–9.5 times enhancement in activity during the sequential hydrogenation of nitroaromatics to cyclohexylamine. Particularly, bidirectional hydrogen spillover assists hydrogenation between Pt and Ru sites is confirmed, where active hydrogen migrates from the less catalytic activity metal to the adjacent metal sites during the first/second step in the cascade reaction. Characterization studies and density functional theory calculations suggest that bidirectional hydrogen spillover enhances the coverage of active hydrogen at the active sites for each hydrogenation step, thereby reducing the energy barrier of the rate‐controlling step. This intriguing phenomenon reveals the mechanism of accelerated hydrogenation and presents an opportunity for devising immensely efficient cascade catalysts.
Enhancing biodiesel production from palm fatty acid distillate: Impacts of co‐solvent and molecular sieves under high‐temperature conditions
Authors: Inrit Santichai , Patisuwan Supranee , Khamon Prodpran , Peaklin Suparat , Pianroj Yutthapong , Chotimarkorn Chatchawan , Kritsanapuntu Sirusa , Punvichai Teerasak
Published: February 2025

This study explores biodiesel production from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), focusing on optimizing the esterification process through the use of co‐solvents and molecular sieves under high‐temperature and high‐pressure conditions. Palm fatty acid distillate, a low‐value by‐product of crude palm oil refining, was used as a feedstock with a free fatty acid (FFA) content of 88.4%. Esterification was conducted in a 400‐L batch reactor at 130 °C and 15 bar, using methanol at a molar ratio of 1:3.7 and 1.834 wt% sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Co‐solvents such as dichlorobenzene enhanced miscibility, while molecular sieves effectively removed water to increase reaction efficiency. The optimized process achieved a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield of 97.44% within 30 min, meeting European Standard EN 14214:2003. The study highlights the potential of PFAD as an economical and sustainable biodiesel feedstock, with production costs of 0.45 USD per liter. This research contributes to the development of high‐efficiency biodiesel production processes that reduce reliance on fossil fuels and support renewable energy initiatives.
Development and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Hydrocolloid‐Based Wound Dressings Incorporated With Capparis sepiaria Extract
Authors: Kula Hlalisa , Motaung Shirley , Adeyemi S. A. , Ubanako P. , Ngema Lindokuhle , Fonkui T. Y. , Ndinteh D. T. , Kumar P. , Choonara Y. E. , Aderibigbe Blessing A.
Published: February 2025

Developing wound dressings containing plant extracts is an innovative method of preparing wound dressings suitable for treating infected wounds. Different species of Capparis are known for their rich sources of antioxidants with wound‐healing effects. However, the Capparis sepiaria extracts have not been sufficiently explored for wound healing. Infected wounds are challenging to treat, revealing the need to design effective wound dressings. Novel single‐layer hydrocolloids (SLHs) and double‐layer hydrocolloids (DLHs) loaded with Capparis sepiaria aqueous extract were developed from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), sodium alginate (SA), and hydroxy methylcellulose (HPMC), and characterized using appropriate techniques. Their SEM images revealed an interwoven and porous morphology that promotes cell activities and gaseous exchange. The water vapor transmission rates and % porosity of the hydrocolloids ranged from 1000 ± 2.80 to 9500 ± 0.0025 g/m2/24 h and 70 ± 0.09 to 89%± 15.0%, respectively. The DLH2 hydrocolloids showed significant antibacterial efficacy against most bacterial strains, with MIC values of 15.625 μg/mL. The hemostatic effects of SLH3 and DLH3 were substantial, with the lowest absorbance values being 0.1869 and 0.1816, respectively. The prepared hydrocolloids were nontoxic, supported cellular migration suitable for accelerated wound healing, and exhibited antibacterial and hemostatic effects, making them promising dressings for treating infected and bleeding wounds.
IIoT and Digital Twin: A Systematic Literature Review and Looking Beyond the State
Authors: Bleistein Thomas , Paulus Moritz , Gani Kiran , Becker Robert , Werth Dirk
Published: February 2025

The fourth industrial revolution has driven the emergence of Digital Twins (DTs) and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) in manufacturing. However, the use of different definition has led to varied interpretations and inconsistent understanding of DTs. Thus, by exploring the gap between theoretical frameworks and practical implementations of IIoT‐based DTs in manufacturing, this paper aims to shed light on the DT phenomenon by considering the historical evolution and fundamental concepts of IIoT‐based DTs. Therefore, a systematic literature review was conducted to assess the ambiguity concerning DTs, particularly in distinguishing architectures and types. Therefore, this paper identifies IIoT‐based DTs in manufacturing by reviewing application‐oriented literature. As a result of a subsequent classification, this paper proposes a hierarchical classification based on communication dynamics (i.e., Uni‐directional and Bi‐directional) and information processing (i.e., use or non‐use of machine learning). Conclusively, this study proposes a comprehensive classification approach for IIoT‐based DTs and thus contributes to a more consistent understanding of the DT phenomenon. Moreover, this paper discusses key findings, as well as implications for research and practice. Finally potential avenues for future research are derived and the limitations of this study are discussed.
Derivatization‐Based Densitometric Approach Along With Greenness Assessment for Simultaneous Evaluation of Duloxetine Hydrochloride and Pregabalin: An Application to Pharmaceutical Analysis
Authors: Varghese Susheel John , Venkatesan Karthikeyan , Ravi Thengungal Kochupappy
Published: February 2025

The fixed‐dose combination of pregabalin and duloxetine hydrochloride is mainly used in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Sensitive determination of drugs like pregabalin is challenging by chromatographic methods using UV detection due to their nonchromophoric nature. This study presents the development of a validated high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the simultaneous determination pregabalin and duloxetine hydrochloride in formulation. Because pregabalin has a weak chromophoric system, it was visualized using a derivatization reagent containing ninhydrin. Optimum separation of pregabalin and duloxetine hydrochloride was achieved on silica gel 60 F254 plates using methanol:dichloromethane:acetone:ammonia (8:1:1:0.2, v/v/v/v). Good resolution was achieved with Rf values of 0.34 ± 0.02 and 0.52 ± 0.02 for duloxetine hydrochloride and pregabalin, respectively. The method was validated as per the ICH Q2(R1) guidelines. Linearity range was found between 200 and 450 ng/band for duloxetine and 500 and 1125 ng/band for pregabalin. Low %RSD values shows that the developed method is precise. Greenness assessment of the developed method was evaluated using three different assessment tools, namely, Analytical Eco‐Scale, GAPI, and AGREE This is the first validated derivatization‐based HPTLC method for simultaneous analysis of duloxetine hydrochloride and pregabalin.
Research Progress on the Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicines Based on Chemical Biology Methods
Authors: Bai Xinyue , Lin Huimin , Yang Ziqi , He Fan , Chen Jianru , Zhou Hua , Huang Yufeng
Published: February 2025

The chemical biology method is a cutting‐edge technology that utilizes chemical research methods and ideas to study life and biomedicine at the molecular level. Recently, it has gradually been applied to screening chemical markers in traditional Chinese medicines. This article reviews the principles and applications of common chemical biology methods, including cell membrane chromatography, affinity ultrafiltration, magnetic bead enrichment, capillary electrophoresis, molecular exclusion chromatography, immobilized fusion target affinity chromatography, etc., in traditional Chinese medicines research. Applying chemical biology methods to screen chemical markers in traditional Chinese medicines has the advantages of simple and fast operation, strong specificity of results, good reproducibility, and high sensitivity, which can achieve high‐throughput screening.
Therapeutic Potential of Artemisia campestris Essential Oil: Antioxidant, Anti‐Inflammatory, and Anticancer Insights From In Silico Analysis
Authors: Cherfi Inasse , Nasma Mahboub , Hasan Gamil Gamal , Benaissa Abir , Benaissa Youcef , Laouini Salah Eddine , Bouafia Abderrhmane , Alharthi Fahad , Emran Talha Bin , Mallick Jewel
Published: February 2025

Artemisia campestris subsp. campestris (tuguft) is a medicinal plant traditionally used in Algerian medicine. This study investigates the chemical composition and bioactivity of its essential oil (ACEO). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis identified key compounds, including linalyl acetate (2.92%), geranyl acetate (2.45%), and eucalyptol (1.38%). ACEO demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 11.09 μg/mL (DPPH), 15.81 μg/mL (FRAP), and 22.70 μg/mL (β‐carotene). It also enhanced peroxidase activity by 82.67 U/g. The anti‐inflammatory effects were confirmed with an IC50 of 18.87 μg/mL. Notably, in silico molecular docking revealed that 3‐cyclopentyl‐N‐(2‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl) exhibits strong binding affinity to phosphoinositide 3‐kinase gamma, a target for pancreatic cancer therapy, suggesting potential anticancer activity. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of ACEO, highlighting its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer properties.
Determination of Main Aminothiols in Blood Plasma Using Capillary Electrophoresis With UV Detection
Authors: Pudova Polina Alexandrovna , Ivanov Alexander Vladimirovich , Popov Mikhail Aleksandrovich , Maslennikov Ruslan Andreevich , Vasil'evich Aleksandrin Valery , Galdobina Maria Pavlovna , Kubatiev Aslan Amirkhanovich
Published: February 2025

A new approach of total major aminothiols determination (cysteine, homocystine, cysteinylglycine, and glutathione) in human plasma by capillary electrophoresis (CE) is presented. It is based on the analytes reduction by tris (2‐carboxyethyl) phosphine and derivatization with N‐ethylmaleimide, with subsequent ultrafiltration of the sample. Separation was performed using 0.1‐M phosphate Na рН 2.48 with 1% Ficoll‐400 and 10% methanol. The in‐capillary concentration of the analytes was achieved with a pH gradient created via the preinjection of triethanolamine. The absorbance signal was detected at 200 nm. The total analysis time was 16 min (using a silica capillary [50 μm i.d.; total length 42 cm] at a 20‐kV voltage). The limits of detection varied from 1.3 μM (glutathione) to 5.4 μM (cysteine). Within‐run and between‐run precision (CV) was < 7%; reduction of analytes ranging from 91% to 106%, were obtained. The approach was validated on control samples of children's blood plasma. The simplicity of the method and the availability of reagents make the presented approach most suitable for use on standard CE systems.
Reduced Oxygen Extraction Fraction as a Biomarker for Cognitive Deficits in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Mohammadi Mahdi , Samadi Shahram , Batouli Seyed Amir Hossein , Pestei Khalil , Oghabian Mohammad Ali
Published: February 2025

Background

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by disruptive breathing, resulting in a decline in cognitive performance. This study investigates the role of oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in OSA‐related cognitive impairment.

Methods

The study recruited 15 patients with confirmed OSA and 16 healthy controls, who underwent overnight polysomnography and brain MRI using a 3 Tesla machine and 64‐channel head coil. A two‐step MRI analysis was employed to measure OEF. QSM was first created by processing separate phase and magnitude images. OEF maps were then generated by identifying veins based on their susceptibility. Volumetric analysis was performed using the FreeSurfer. Neuropsychological tests were administered to evaluate cognition.

Results

The analysis of OEF revealed significantly lower values in various cerebral cortical regions of OSA patients than in controls. Notably, OEF in the cerebral cortex and frontal, temporal, and occipital regions showed negative correlations with the duration of stage N2 sleep (highest correlation between N2 and right temporal OEF: p = 0.005, r = −0.681). Furthermore, poorer performance on neuropsychological tests, such as the backward digit span test, was significantly correlated with reduced OEF in the left hemisphere (p = 0.016), left cerebral cortex (p = 0.019), right frontal (p = 0.034), left frontal (p = 0.014), left parietal (p = 0.008), left temporal (p = 0.048), and left occipital lobes (p = 0.015). No significant differences in QSM or brain volume were observed.

Conclusions

Decreased OEF emerges as a potential biomarker for cognitive deficits in OSA, suggesting disturbances in cerebral oxygen metabolism may underlie cognitive impairments. These findings underscore the importance of investigating physiological markers in understanding OSA‐related cognitive dysfunction.
Efficacies of Process and REACH Therapeutic Models on Forgiveness of Counsellor Trainees
Authors: Akosah Jones Clifford , Awabil Godwin , Forde Linda Dzama
Published: February 2025

Objectives

People who have learnt how to forgive others tend to be better forgiveness counsellors. This study delves into the effectiveness of the Process and REACH therapeutic models on forgiveness for counsellor trainees.

Methods

The researchers used the sequential explanatory mixed method model, which involved the use of a questionnaire and interview guide to gather data for the study. The research design of the study was quasi‐experimental and an interview. Two hypotheses and one research question were formulated to guide the study. The population of the study consisted of graduate students from three Ghanaian universities, totalling 80 individuals. They comprised 34 males and 46 females. Sampling techniques that were used for both the quantitative and qualitative aspects were simple random sampling and purposive sampling, respectively. The Enright Forgiveness Inventory was used to collect pre‐ and post‐test data. For the quantitative aspect, the data were analysed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). For the qualitative aspect, data reduction technique and content analysis were used to analyse the data.

Results

The study revealed that the Process and REACH therapeutic models had significant positive effects on forgiveness among participants. However, there was no significant difference in the forgiveness level of participants on the basis of gender.

Recommendations

Based on these findings, it is recommended that professional counsellors and psychologists should consider these two therapies as alternatives to improving forgiveness levels in their clients' lives.
Pd‐Supported ECNU‐28 Zeolite Nanosheets for High‐Efficiency Reductive Etherification of Furfural to Bio‐Based Ethers
Authors: Xiang Qiaoyue , Wang Jilong , Wan Zhipeng , Guan Yejun , Xu Hao , Wu Peng
Published: February 2025

The transformation of biomass‐derived furan‐based platform compounds into etherification products over Pd‐based catalysts is an effective pathway for the production of fuel additives. Specifically, furfuryl ethyl ether (FEE) can be synthesized through the reductive etherification of furfural (FAL). However, the utilization of Pd‐based catalysts in the reductive etherification is limited by high Pd loadings. Herein, ECNU‐28 nanosheet, derived from a zeolitic precursor with the layered structure analogous to SZR framework, was utilized as a support for Pd loading (low as 0.2 wt.%), producing a bifunctional catalyst Pd/ECNU‐28 for the furfural reductive etherification reaction. The large external surface area (148 m2 g‐1) of ECNU‐28 facilitates the access of the reaction substrates to the acid sites. Meanwhile, the moderate acid site strength of ECNU‐28 reduces the ring‐opening side reaction of the etherification product, and its special inclined 8‐ring restricts the reductive etherification reaction to occur on the surface. The Pd/ECNU‐28 catalyst exhibited a superior etherification product yield, up to 83.1%. In addition, providing much higher FEE productivity per gram of Pd (6648 mmolFEE gPd‐1 h‐1) than previously reported catalysts. Benefiting from the inherent hydrothermal stability of aluminosilicate, the Pd/ECNU‐28 catalyst possesses a good recyclability and can undergo regeneration treatment through simple calcination.
The Next Generation of Phosphorus Bisylide Superbases – Synthesis, Structures, Basicity and Proton Self‐Exchange
Authors: Kögel Julius F. , Ullrich Sebastian , Xie Xiulan , Finger Lars H. , Kovačević Borislav , Saame Jaan , Haljasorg Tõiv , Leito Ivo , Sundermeyer Jörg
Published: February 2025

Herein we present two phosphorus ylide superbases to enhance the basicity of 1,8‐bis (methylylidene (hexamethyltriamino) phosphorane) naphthalene (MHPN) – the first superbase with interacting carbon atoms as basicity centers. Its 1‐pyrrolidinyl substituted analog 1,8‐bis (methylylidene (tris (1‐pyrrolidinyl)) phosphorane) naphthalene (MTPN) and MHPN's theoretically predicted higher homologue P2‐MHPN exhibit extreme pKaH values of 26.0 and 29.5 (experimental) in THF solution and 33.6 and 37.4 (estimated) in acetonitrile solution. The corresponding calculated gas phase basicity values are 281.4 and 284.6 kcal mol−1, respectively. We prepared the neutral free bases together with the corresponding mono‐ and bisprotonated species which were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, ESI mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and partly XRD analysis. The monoprotonated forms exhibit a rapid proton self‐exchange between the two carbon atoms in peri‐position and dynamic NMR spectroscopic methods revealed self‐exchange rates of 2298 s−1 and 300 s−1 at 300 K for MTPN and P2‐MHPN, respectively. However, computational studies reveal that the proton chelating effect, which typically considerably contributes to the basicity of proton sponges with basicity centers on nitrogen, is negligible in bisylides, as the 1,8‐substitution pattern yields almost the same basicity as the corresponding 2,7‐ or 1,5‐substituted analogues.
Results of Cancer and Leukemia Group B 10102 (Alliance), a Phase 1/2 Study
Authors: Luskin Marlise R. , Yin Jun , Lozanski Gerard , Curran Emily , Malnassy Gregory , Mrózek Krzysztof , Bloomfield Clara D. , Cataland Spero R. , Fulton Noreen , Kolitz Jonathan , Laplant Betsy , Kour Oudom , Powell Bayard L. , Vij Ravi , Wang Eunice S. , Grinblatt David , Stone Richard M. , Uy Geoffrey L. , Larson Richard A. , Stock Wendy
Published: February 2025

Background

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in adults is aggressive, with long‐term outcomes impacted by treatment resistance and toxicity. CD52 is expressed in most cases of B‐ and T‐lineage ALL. Alemtuzumab, a humanized immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody that targets CD52, was identified as a potential agent to improve treatment efficacy without increasing toxicity.

Methods

In this phase 1/2 study (Cancer and Leukemia Group B [CALGB] 10102, NCT00061945), a course of single‐agent alemtuzumab was intercalated into CALGB 19802 backbone chemotherapy after the third course of intensive chemotherapy in those who were CD52+ at diagnosis. Phase 1 tested three dose levels of subcutaneous alemtuzumab (10, 20, and 30 mg 3 times weekly for 4 weeks/12 doses) and demonstrated that 30 mg was tolerable. Phase 2 established feasibility.

Results

The study enrolled 295 evaluable patients (115 in phase 1, 180 in phase 2); 206 (69.8%) were CD52+. Among evaluable CD52+ patients, 43.7% (90/206) completed the first three treatment modules; 97.8% (88 of 90) were treated with alemtuzumab. Alemtuzumab was associated with cytomegalovirus viremia, which occurred in 23.3% (14 of 60) of patients during and 29.2% (19 of 65) after alemtuzumab treatment. With a median follow‐up of 101.2 months, median overall survival (OS) was 26.3 months (3‐year rate, 44%; 5‐year rate, 36%; 10‐year rate, 31%). Landmark analysis at the start of the fourth course of treatment demonstrated no difference in OS or disease‐free survival between patients who did and who did not receive alemtuzumab.

Conclusion

Alemtuzumab was feasible to administer in adults with ALL receiving intensive chemotherapy, but was without evidence of benefit.
Advances in CO2 assisted oxidative dehydrogenation of light alkanes to light alkenes
Authors: Zhang Siran , Wu Chongchong , Xin Jing , Yang Guoming , Li Yongheng , Su Mengjun , Zhang Haihong , Zhang Huiling , Wang Lianying
Published: February 2025

The CO2‐assisted oxidative dehydrogenation of light alkanes offers a promising route for converting underutilized resources into valuable chemical feedstocks while addressing environmental challenges associated with CO2 emissions. CO2 plays a dual role in ODH by acting as a mild oxidant that enhances product selectivity and catalyst stability while preventing carbon deposition through RWGS and Boudouard reactions. The review has elucidated a variety of catalyst design and optimization strategies that may guide the future development of novel CO2‐assisted ODH catalysts with improved alkane conversion, superior alkene selectivity, and long‐term stability. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the structural characteristics, catalytic performances, and reaction mechanisms of typical catalysts. Special attention is given to the structure‐performance relationship of these catalysts, emphasizing how changes in promoters, supports, and morphology affect critical properties such as redox behavior, acidity‐basicity balance, dispersion of active components, and catalyst‐support interactions. Finally, future research directions and perspectives for the CO2‐assisted ODH of ethane and propane are proposed, with a focus on advancing catalyst design and optimization strategies. This review aims to serve as a comprehensive reference for researchers exploring the potential of CO2‐assisted ODH in promoting sustainable production of light alkenes.
Associations Between Transdiagnostic Psychological Processes and Global Symptom Severity Among Outpatients With Various Mental Disorders: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Frei Anna Katharina , Studnitz Thomas , Seiffer Britta , Welkerling Jana , Zeibig Johanna‐Marie , Herzog Eva , Günak Mia Maria , Ehring Thomas , Takano Keisuke , Nakagawa Tristan , Sundmacher Leonie , Himmler Sebastian , Peters Stefan , Flagmeier Anna Lena , Zwanzleitner Lena , Ramos‐Murguialday Ander , Wolf Sebastian
Published: February 2025

Objective

Knowledge about transdiagnostic factors associated with global symptom severity among patients diagnosed with various mental disorders remains limited. This study examined the cross‐sectional associations between transdiagnostic processes including global emotion regulation and specific emotion regulation strategies (i.e., amount of physical activity and sedentary behaviour, repetitive negative thinking and sleep routines) with global symptom severity, while controlling for sociodemographic data (age, gender, employment status, relationship status, and educational level) and fear of the coronavirus.

Methods

Data from 401 outpatients, aged 42.08 years on average (SD = 13.26; 71.3% female), diagnosed with depressive disorders, non‐organic primary insomnia, agoraphobia, panic disorder and/or post‐traumatic stress disorder were examined. This study is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Data were collected from 10 different study sites between March 2021 and May 2022 for cross‐sectional analysis. The influence of predictors of global symptom severity was determined using three‐step hierarchical multiple regression: (1) control variables, (2) global emotion regulation and (3) specific emotion regulation strategies. Global symptom severity was measured using the Global Severity Index, derived from the Brief Symptom Inventory‐18. Predictors were measured using validated scales, and physical activity was additionally assessed via accelerometer‐based sensors.

Results

In the first step, control variables accounted for 4% of variance in global symptom severity. The inclusion of global emotion regulation in the second step explained 26% of the outcome variance, and the incorporation of specific emotion regulation strategies in the third step increased the explained variance to 37%. Significant predictors included global emotion regulation (β = 0.28), repetitive negative thinking (β = 0.26) and sleep routines (β = 0.25).

Conclusion

Global emotion regulation along with repetitive negative thinking and sleep routines as specific emotion regulation strategies are identified as transdiagnostic psychological processes that may serve as treatment targets for evidence‐based interventions designed to enhance emotion regulation, particularly in transdiagnostic samples of stress‐related disorders. Additional prospective longitudinal studies with transdiagnostic samples are necessary to explore possible causal relationships.
Mutation of Ehd1 prolongs basic vegetative growth periods to boost biomass and grain yield in rice
Authors: Wang Limin , Zhu Jiahui , Liu Jiaoyan , Zhan Jiatao , Li Yuechen , Wang Ru , Tang Huiwu
Published: February 2025

Heading date is a pivotal agronomic trait that influences grain yield, and it is determined by florigen genes. However, the regulation of heading date and its impact on other agronomic traits remain to be fully understood. In this study, we identified a mutant named late‐flowering and big panicle 1 (lbp1) in rice; we surveyed the growth and yield traits in lbp1. Changes in gene expression between lbp1 and wild type (WT) were determined by RNA‐seq. lbp1 exhibits delayed heading of 1 month and enhancements in various agronomic traits. Compared with WT plants, lbp1 showed 336.9% higher biomass production, 27.7% longer panicle length, 41.2% higher grain numbers, 29.4% and 56.6% more primary and secondary branch numbers, and an overall 58.7% higher grain yield. Map‐based cloning pinpointed that the mutant phenotypes stemmed from a mutation in the early heading date 1 (Ehd1) gene. Through RNA‐seq and quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction analysis, we observed significantly lower expression levels of heading date 3a (Hd3a) and RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T 1 (RFT1) in lbp1 compared to WT plants. Additionally, the expression levels of several MADS‐box genes were downregulated in the mutant. Our findings indicate that negative regulation of the Ehd1‐Hd3a/RFT1 pathway leads to delayed heading, enhanced biomass production, and increased grain yield. This discovery presents an effective breeding strategy for developing new japonica rice varieties with prolonged vegetative growth periods suitable for cultivation in southern China and other low‐latitude regions.
Exploring the Potential of H‐zeolites as Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Chemical Recycling of Polysaccharides and their Flexible Films
Authors: Fernandes Rafaella Ferreira , Kalita Naba K. , Liguori Anna , Urquieta Gonzalez Ernesto A. , Hakkarainen Minna , Sobral Paulo José A. , Otoni Caio Gomide
Published: February 2025

Zeolites are a group of crystalline aluminosilicates with exchangeable cations and molecular‐dimensioned micropores, which have successfully been applied to transform biomass and waste into biofuels. Herein, the effectiveness of acidic H‐zeolites in biomass transformation and chemical valorization is demonstrated. In this process, the Brønsted/Lewis acid sites in zeolites catalyze the transition of carbohydrates into valuable chemicals. β‐glucan polymer extracted from the lichen Usnea was catalytically converted into value‐added molecules, such as glucose monomers. Particular challenges to elucidate the zeolite‐catalyzed β‐glucan conversion to glucose were addressed, namely: (i) water as the solvent, ii) hydrolysis of the biopolymer in an ionic liquid of 1‐Butyl‐3‐vinylimidazolium bromide ([BVinIm]Br), and iii) reaction time of 30, 60, 120, and 240 min. Effective hydrolysis of β‐glucan was achieved by H‐zeolites (H‐Beta, H‐Mordenite, and H‐ZSM‐5), and the formed glucose was quantified through the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. Finally, applying H‐zeolites as heterogeneous catalysts to prove the chemical recyclability of flexible films based on β‐glucan was demonstrated as a step forward in integrating biopolymer‐based materials into the circular economy.
RNF31 induces paclitaxel resistance by sustaining ALYREF cytoplasmic–nuclear shuttling in human triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Huang Shumei , Shi Dongni , Dai Shuqin , Jiang Xingyu , Wang Rui , Yang Muwen , Chen Boyu , Chen Xuwei , Kong Lingzhi , He Lixin , Deng Pinwei , Chen Xiangfu , Lin Chuyong , Li Yue , Li Jun , Song Libing , Shi Yawei , Wei Weidong
Published: February 2025

Background

Resistance to paclitaxel‐based chemotherapy is the major obstacle in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment. However, overcoming paclitaxel resistance remains an unsolved problem. The present study aimed to determine whether paclitaxel treatment impairs Aly/REF export factor (ALYREF) cytoplasmic–nuclear shuttling, its mechanism, and the role of ubiquitinated ALYREF in paclitaxel resistance.

Methods

The subcellular proportion of ALYREF was detected in samples from patients with TNBC using immunohistochemistry to analyze the relationship between ALYREF distribution and paclitaxel response. Cell viability assays, immunofluorescence assays, quantitative real‐time reverse transcription PCR assays, western blotting, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick‐end‐labelling assays were conducted to measure the biological function of the subcellular proportion of ALYREF and E3 ligase ring finger protein 31 (RNF31) on paclitaxel sensitivity in TNBC. The synergistic effects of an RNF31 inhibitor plus paclitaxel on TNBC were evaluated. Cox regression models were adopted to assess the prognostic role of RNF31 in TNBC.

Results

Herein, we showed that regulation of ALYREF cytoplasmic–nuclear shuttling is associated with the paclitaxel response in TNBC. In paclitaxel‐sensitive TNBC, ALYREF was trapped in the cytoplasm by paclitaxel, while in paclitaxel‐resistant TNBC, ALYREF was efficiently transported into the nucleus to exert its function, allowing the export of the mRNAs encoding paclitaxel‐resistance‐related factors, including tubulin beta 3 class III (TUBB3), stathmin 1 (STMN1), and microtubule‐associated protein Tau (TAU), ultimately inducing paclitaxel resistance in TNBC. Mechanistically, we found that RNF31 interacts with and ubiquitinates ALYREF, which facilitates ALYREF nuclear transportation via importin 13 (IPO13) under paclitaxel treatment. Notably, the RNF31 inhibitor and paclitaxel synergistically repressed tumour growth in vivo and in TNBC patient‐derived organoids. In addition, analysis of patients with TNBC showed that elevated RNF31 levels correlated with poor prognosis.

Conclusion

These data indicated that RNF31‐mediated ALYREF ubiquitylation could represent a potent target to reverse paclitaxel resistance in TNBC.

Key points

RNF31 facilitated ALYREF‐mediated PTX resistance in TNBC.

RNF31 promoted ALYREF nuclear transport via IPO13 in response to PTX treatment, subsequently enhancing the export of mRNAs encoding PTX resistance‐related factors, including TUBB3, STMN1, and TAU.

Blocking RNF31 trapped ALYREF in the cytoplasm and induced TNBC cell death upon PTX treatment.

Inhibiting RNF31 activity re‐sensitized PTX‐resistant TNBC to PTX treatment.
Synthesis of a New Cobalt(II) Complex Compound Containing 2,2′‐Bipyridyl Ligand and Its Catalytic Properties in the Formation of CO2‐Sorbing Oligomers
Authors: Pawlak Marta , Drzeżdżon Joanna , Gołąbiewska Anna , Jarzembska Katarzyna N. , Kamiński Radosław , Pospieszny Tomasz , Datta Janusz , Jacewicz Dagmara
Published: February 2025

As an element, cobalt has a very interesting coordination chemistry and great potential to participate in the formation of a variety of complex compounds, that play a significant role in the synthesis of catalytic systems. In the present work, a new cobalt(II) complex compound with an unusual and rare structure, not previously described in the literature, was synthesized. This complex has two 2,2′‐bipyridyl ligands, a water molecule and, most interestingly, a sulfate(VI) anion in the Co(II) coordination sphere. Its use and catalytic properties were studied in the oligomerization of selected olefins, where it acted as a precatalyst. The achieved catalytic activity values were rather high (<100 g mmol−1 h−1 ⋅ bar−1), except for the oligomerization process of 2,3‐dibromo‐2‐propen‐1‐ol using MAO. The obtained oligomers were subjected to structural (FT‐IR, SEM, MALDI‐TOF‐MS) and thermal (TG, DSC) analysis, and the results allowed to characterize their physicochemical properties. The conducted process allowed to determine the effect of the applied activator on the catalytic activity, as well as the structural and thermal properties of the obtained oligomers. In addition, the specific surface area and sorption properties of the oligomerization products were studied, and one of them showed very high CO2 sorption values (<1.6 mmol g−1).
Effect of Wall, Roof, and Window‐to‐Wall Ratio on the Cooling and Heating Load of a Building in India
Authors: Ahmad Asim , Prakash Om , Brar L. S. , Irshad Kashif , Hasnain S. M. Mozammil , Paramasivam Prabhu , Ayanie Abinet Gosaye
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of various combinations of walls, roofs, and window‐to‐wall ratios (WWRs) on the cooling and heating loads of residential buildings in India's composite climatic zone. Utilizing EnergyPlus and eQuest simulations, the thermal performance of three building types is analyzed across 32 cases involving two types of walls (W1, W2), roofs (R1, R2), and WWRs of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. The results indicate that Case 29 (W2 R2 N2 WWR1), characterized by a north‐facing orientation, square‐shaped design, and a 10% WWR, achieves the lowest cooling and heating loads among all configurations. Specifically, in Building 1, this configuration reduces cooling loads by 26.0% (from 204 to 151 kBTU/h) and heating loads by 28.6% (from 224 to 160 kBTU/h) compared to the highest load scenario, Case 4 (W1 R1 N1 WWR4, west‐facing orientation, square‐shaped design, and 40% WWR). Similar trends are observed for Buildings 2 and 3. These findings underscore the critical role of optimizing building envelope parameters, particularly orientation, shape, and WWR, in achieving significant energy savings. The insights provided by this study can aid architects, engineers, and policymakers in designing energy‐efficient residential buildings.
Analysis of the Evolution Law of Mining‐Induced Water Flowing Fracture of Composite Hard Roof in the Border Mining Area of Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi
Authors: Xiao Jiang , Wang Yihui , Zhang Boyuan , Wang Tongxiaoyu , Liu Yujiang , Wang Yulin , Sun Yachao
Published: February 2025

The mining area along the border of Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi generally contains two thick layers of confined aquifer sandstone, which form a composite hard roof. This constitutes the main hidden risk affecting the safe production of coal seams in this region.The composite hard roof is formed by two layers of thick confined water‐bearing sandstone in the border mining area of Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi and is the main hidden danger affecting the safe production of coal seams. To clarify the evolution law of mining‐induced water‐conducting fractures under such occurrence conditions and prevent roof water damage, this paper comprehensively uses laboratory tests, theoretical analysis and UDEC numerical simulation methods to study the fracture characteristics and migration laws of high and low thick sandstones. The instability conditions of confined water‐bearing sandstones in different layers are analyzed, the distribution law of water‐conducting fractures is expounded, and the evolution characteristics of fractures are further quantitatively described by fractal theory. The results show that the overburden rock transport in the quarry is controlled by the composite rock beams, and the high rock beams will form a “masonry beam” structure, while the low rock beams will form a “step” structure under the influence of secondary displacement and rotation; the superposition of the initial breakage of the composite rock beam and the cycle breakage forms the “pulse” water influx characteristic and the “slow increase—sudden increase—stable” fissure development law; the change of the number of fractures is closely related to the transportation of the composite rock beams, which is divided into three stages of “slow growth‐accelerated growth‐periodic increase.” The fractal dimension quantitative cloud diagram further characterizes that the overall development pattern of water‐conducting fissures remains unchanged under the influence of mining, and the main water‐conducting channels are the fall zone and the vertical breakage fissure zones on both sides. The research results of this paper will provide a scientific basis for water control work in the working face under similar stratigraphic conditions.