bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Li and Change
Authors: Leong Wong Yew
Published: November 2019

In this paper I ask the question of how change is effected in the li practices of a fundamentally conservative society. I begin with a description of how li functions in society ideally and actually, arguing that they play a crucial role in society as the medium through which the Confucian objectives (the perfection of the self, the establishment of order within one’s family, and the restoration and preservation of social order) are realized. The character of li suggests that li practices be evaluated in terms of their efficacy in realizing the Confucian objectives, for which participation in li is both necessary and sufficient. Yet, these objectives transcend li practices, allowing individuals to evaluate li practices in terms of their efficacy in realizing Confucian objectives in the face of changing concerns and circumstances, and thereby affect the relevant changes in li practices. It is an adequate understanding of what the Confucian objectives entail and the structure of the situations one finds oneself in that inform evaluation of existing li practices. However, changes in li practices take place vis-a-vis a conservative attitude towards inherited social conventions, and it is this conservative attitude that provides stability and continuity despite flux. Changes in li practices are therefore gradual, and do not disrupt social order.
Fundamentación de la ética en la filosofía latinoamericana
Authors: Demenchonok Edward
Published: November 2019

This paper focuses on an analysis of the ethical concepts of two of the founders of Latin American philosophy, Carlos Vaz Ferreira and his moral philosophy and Alejandro Korn and his philosophy of freedom, and a contemporary thinker, Enrique Dussel. At the heart of this analysis is the Philosophy of Liberation developed by Leopoldo Zea, Arturo Roig and Dussel, among others. I explicate Dussel's ethics of liberation and its philosophical grounds from his recent writings on the problematic of the foundation of ethics, and go on to discuss the architectonic of the ethics of liberation and the foundation of ethical principles. The analysis involves issues of truth and validity, and the application of principles. Dussel's theory is assessed in comparison with the discourse ethics of Karl-Otto Apel and Jürgen Habermas.
Identity, Intersubjectivity and Communicative Action
Authors: Glynn Simon
Published: November 2019

Traditionally, attempts to verify communications between individuals and cultures appeal to 'public' objects, essential structures of experience, or universal reason. Contemporary continental philosophy demonstrates that not only such appeals, but fortuitously also the very conception of isolated individuals and cultures whose communication such appeals were designed to insure, are problematic. Indeed we encounter and understand ourselves, and are also originally constituted, in relation to others. In view of this the traditional problem of communication is inverted and becomes that of how we are sufficiently differentiated from one another such that communication might appear problematic.
Two traditions of Western and Chinese Cultures
Authors: Ya-ning Li
Published: November 2019

In European atomic theory, Euclid's geometry and Aristotle's logic complement each other and are generally acknowledged sources of Western science. In China, the book Zhou Yi is the source of Chinese science because it system contains a unity of philosophic, logical and mathematical thinking. These two systems form the core of the scientific models of the Western and Chinese cultural traditions. In political and ideological arenas, the Western is a contract model based on the individual, but the Chinese is an entirety one base on 'human administration.' In Western societies, the inner general tensile stress of contracts causes losses and breaks of action standards and values, but it also has features of reconstruction, regeneration, and recreation. Its breaks and losses could cause an entire collapse, but as it is far from a balanced condition, it has a tendency to stabilize its structures through inner-adjustment. These two traditions formed in the axial period of human history, and are still potent today. The proverb 'two poles are interlinked' still has a realistic significance for us to understand life in human society.
Nietzsche’s Portraiture
Authors: Scott Jacqueline
Published: November 2019

Richard Wagner always represented for Nietzsche the Germany of that time. By examining Nietzsche's relationship to Wagner throughout his writings, one is also examining Nietzsche's relationship to his culture of birth. I focus on the writings from the late period in order to clarify Nietzsche's view of his own project regarding German culture. I show that Nietzsche created a portrait of Wagner in which the composer was a worthy opponent-someone with whom he disagreed but viewed as an equal. Wagner was such an opponent because he represented the disease of decadence which plagued the culture and from which Nietzsche suffered for a time, but of which he also cured himself. In other words, Nietzsche emphasized his overcoming and revaluation of Wagner because he wanted his readers to understand it as a metaphor for his larger battle with decadence in general. The goal of this portraiture is to demonstrate on an individual level what could be done on a cultural level to revitalize culture. Through an analysis of Nietzsche's portrait of Wagner in the late period, I will claim that in order to understand Nietzsche's revaluation of decadent values in nineteenth century German culture, one must understand his relationship with the composer.
Environmental Consciousness as Reflected in Indian Culture
Authors: Srivastava C.P.
Published: November 2019

This paper attempts to bring out environmental consciousness as reflected in Indian culture. What we are facing now was quite different in ancient times because our environmental problems owe a lot to contemporary styles of thinking and to our way of life. 'Differences' between nature and human beings have been misinterpreted as 'opposing forces.' This attitude is antipathetic to nature, which explains our careful but callous experimentation with nature that produces achievements as well as harmful by-products. When dealing with living beings on earth, we should not rely fully on the methods applied in laboratories. Science explains particular phenomenon in terms of universally valid laws. But abstract aspects of things do not do justice to the aspirations of living beings. Indian culture depicts the entire universe as a significant manifestation of a basic reality, namely 'The Self.' Indians believe 'macrocosm' in 'microcosm.' This vibrant common bond enlivens everything existing in the universe. To substantiate the above, a few phenomena will be cited. In the end, it will be shown that human values are not to be grafted; they require rather perseverance and cultural base. Hence scientific and cultural efforts should proceed hand in hand for the progress of humanity.
The Good Faith of the Invisible Man
Authors: Zack Naomi
Published: November 2019

I use Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man to consider the requirements of existentialism to be relevant to racialized experience. Black existentialism is distinguished from white existentialism by its focus on anti-black racism. However, black existentialism is similar to white existentialism in its moral requirement that agents take responsibility so as to be in good faith. Ralph Ellison's invisible man displays good faith at the end of the novel by assuming responsibility for his particular situation. The idiosyncratic development of the novel can be interpreted as an example of the ways in which existentialist values ought to be instantiated through unique individual experience. However, blackness, or any racial identity, is not itself an existential structure because it is not universal. Rather, existentialist requirements for good faith can be applied to racialized situations by both whites and blacks.
Toward an Ethics for Being Educated
Authors: Kolcaba Raymond
Published: November 2019

The regulative ideal of being educated is construed through features associated with the conduct and aspirations of faculty in higher education. These features include autonomy of mind and its presuppositions in self-knowledge and ability to inquire. These features as well cover having the identity of an educated person, implying evaluation of the products of the mind in logic and language, motivation to maintain an education, and the deep convictions and attitudes characteristic of the academic, humanist, and scientist. Finally, these features encompass knowing how to apply professional methods in reading and evaluating professional literature, identifying what is potentially educative, seeking a deepening of values through value inquiry, and the application of values in a constructive manner. However, the most promising motivation is commitment to oneself. Other motivators, such as love of learning and curiosity, will be transitory. Commitment can be to prescriptions based on the features associated with the regulative ideal. These prescriptions would in turn comprise a rudimentary ethics for being educated.
Trauma em narrativa Apurinã
Authors: Vasconcelos Pereira Maria da Conceição
Published: November 2019

A presente proposta se consolida como uma análise da narrativa “Massacre do Urubuã” narrada por Adilino Francisco Apurinã Itariri, da etnia Apurinã, Comunidade Vera Cruz (Terra Indígena Água Preta/Inhari/Igarapé Água Preta, Município de Pauini-Estado do Amazonas). Referida narrativa foi publicada por Schiel (2004) em tese de doutorado em Ciências Sociais da UNICAMP com o título “Tronco Velho: Histórias Apurinã". Para o corpus escolhido o objetivo apresentado se constitui de discutir a importância do trauma na narrativa oral coletiva como escrita literária de testemunho, entendendo a narrativa apurinã como objeto de cultura do povo Apurinã, e, portanto, um espaço memorial apresentado como possibilidade de tradução do traumático, quanto à narração das violações sofridas por membros da etnia Apurinã. A proposta se ancora em estudos de autores que discutem sobre o trauma como: SELIGMAN-SILVA (2003), GINZBURG (2008), AGAMBEN (2014/2007), REGADAS LUIS (2007), SARMENTO-PANTOJA (2014) e outros que sustentam teoricamente a análise
Understanding the Plugging Performance of HPAM-Cr(III) Polymer Gel For CO2 Conformance Control
Authors: Sun Xindi , Bai Baojun
Published: November 2019

With the demand for conformance control in CO2 flooding fields, the traditional HPAM-Cr(III) polymer gel has been applied to reduce excess CO2 production. However, the field application results are mixed. In order to understand the HPAM-Cr(III) polymer gel plugging performance in reservoirs, a numerical reservoir analysis is used to interpret the laboratory results and analyze how the laboratory results are connected to the field application results. The HPAM-Cr(III) polymer gel plugging performance was evaluated in the laboratory with sandstone core plugs. CO2 and water effective permeability was measured. Gelant was injected into the cores until the injection pressure stabilized. Breakthrough pressure was tested and followed by two WAG cycles injection. The injection pressure was monitored. Different permeability cores (100- 1200 md) were used to mimic different reservoir conditions. Residual resistance factor was calculated using the stabilized water/CO2 injection pressure before and after gel treatment. HPAM-Cr(III) polymer gel has higher breakthrough pressure in the low permeability cores. The polymer gel behavior is discussed using three scenarios: no breakthrough, partial breakthrough, and breakthrough. If no breakthrough, the numerical reservoir analysis reveals that the polymer gel can successfully divert the CO2 and water flow to the low permeability layers before breakthrough. The damage to polymer gel is caused by CO2 diffusion from the low permeability layers. The gel damage rate depends on the diffusion rate. This is the reason that polymer gel treatment can last for a longer time in some fields. In the breakthrough scenario, CO2 totally breaks through the gel-treated zone, polymer gel has a larger contact area with CO2 and the gel damage rate will be faster. Therefore, the polymer gel has almost no blocking to CO2 flow.
Efa6 protects axons and regulates their growth and branching by inhibiting microtubule polymerisation at the cortex
Authors: Qu Yue , Hahn Ines , Lees Meredith , Parkin Jill , Voelzmann André , Dorey Karel , Rathbone Alex , Friel Claire T , Allan Victoria J , Okenve-Ramos Pilar , Sanchez-Soriano Natalia , Prokop Andreas
Published: November 2019

Cortical collapse factors affect microtubule (MT) dynamics at the plasma membrane. They play important roles in neurons, as suggested by inhibition of axon growth and regeneration through the ARF activator Efa6 in C. elegans, and by neurodevelopmental disorders linked to the mammalian kinesin Kif21A. How cortical collapse factors influence axon growth is little understood. Here we studied them, focussing on the function of Drosophila Efa6 in experimentally and genetically amenable fly neurons. First, we show that Drosophila Efa6 can inhibit MTs directly without interacting molecules via an N-terminal 18 amino acid motif (MT elimination domain/MTED) that binds tubulin and inhibits microtubule growth in vitro and cells. If N-terminal MTED-containing fragments are in the cytoplasm they abolish entire microtubule networks of mouse fibroblasts and whole axons of fly neurons. Full-length Efa6 is membrane-attached, hence primarily blocks MTs in the periphery of fibroblasts, and explorative MTs that have left axonal bundles in neurons. Accordingly, loss of Efa6 causes an increase of explorative MTs: in growth cones they enhance axon growth, in axon shafts they cause excessive branching, as well as atrophy through perturbations of MT bundles. Efa6 over-expression causes the opposite phenotypes. Taken together, our work conceptually links molecular and sub-cellular functions of cortical collapse factors to axon growth regulation and reveals new roles in axon branching and in the prevention of axonal atrophy. Furthermore, the MTED delivers a promising tool that can be used to inhibit MTs in a compartmentalised fashion when fusing it to specifically localising protein domains.
Kin work as a gendered family practice in the sibling relationships of lesbians
Authors: Karich Cordula
Published: November 2019

How do lesbians and their siblings – as adults – maintain relationships with one another?

In a 2013 survey, a large majority of lesbians in Norway (89%) state that their siblings know about their sexual orientation; 80 percent evaluate their relationship with parents and siblings as very good or good (Anderssen and Malterud 2013). But what do they actually mean by that? What makes a lesbian’s relationship with her siblings good? And how do siblings experience their relationships with a lesbian sister?

Although sibling relationships can be the longest-lasting relationships in an individual’s life, they have long been outside the spotlight of family sociology and there is little research about sibling relationships during adulthood. However, siblings have been found to play an important role for lesbians and gay men in their processes of coming out to families of origin (see for example Haxhe et al. 2018).

With my PhD-project, I intend to study developments in sibling relationships throughout adulthood, concentrating on the time period after a sister has come out as lesbian. I am especially interested in looking into relationships between adult siblings from a “doing family” perspective and exploring “doing being siblings” through the concept of kin work/kinship practices (Di Leonardo 1987).

Therefore, one of my research questions is: How do kinship practices of and between lesbians and their siblings develop and how are these developments connected to events in their respective lives, such as entering into intimate relationships, having children, moving away from the home region, caring for a sick or dying parent?

In my presentation, I would like to discuss some of the implications of applying the concept of kin work/kinship practices to relationships between lesbians and their siblings, taking into account that Di Leonardo (1987) found kin work to be predominantly carried out by women.
Dokumentasjon av tuftefelt i Hasvik kommune, Sørøya 2016 under forskningsprosjektet «Stone Age Demographics»
Authors: Skandfer Marianne , Damm Charlotte Brysting
Published: November 2019

Arkeologisk registreringsrapport fra feltarbeid i Hasvik 2016. Kartfesting og oppmåling av boplasser med nedgravde tufter fra steinalder.
Phylogenetic revision of the psammophilic Trogloderus LeConte (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), with biogeographic implications for the Intermountain Region
Authors: Johnston M. Andrew
Published: November 2019

The genus Trogloderus LeConte, 1879, which is restricted to dunes and sandy habitats in the western United States, is revised using morphological and molecular information. Six new species are described from desert regions: Trogloderus arcanus New Species (Lahontan Trough); Trogloderus kandai New Species (Owens Valley); Trogloderus major New Species (Mohave Desert); Trogloderus skillmani New Species (eastern Great Basin and Mohave Desert); Trogloderus verpus New Species (eastern Colorado Plateau); and Trogloderus warneri New Species (western Colorado Plateau). A molecular phylogeny is presented for the genus and used to infer its historical biogeography. The most recent common ancestor of Trogloderus is dated to 5.2 mya and is inferred to have inhabited the Colorado Plateau. Current species most likely arose during the mid-Pleistocene where the geographic features of the Lahontan Trough, Bouse Embayment and Kaibab Plateau were significant factors driving speciation.
Limits to load-lifting performance in a passerine bird: the effects of intraspecific variation in morphological and kinematic parameters
Authors: Wang Yang , Yin Yuan , Ge Shiyong , Li Mo , Zhang Qian , Li Juyong , Wu Yuefeng , Li Dongming , Dudley Robert
Published: November 2019

Although more massive flight muscles along with larger wings, higher wingbeat frequencies and greater stroke amplitudes enhance force and power production in flapping flight, the extent to which these parameters may be correlated with other morphological features relevant to flight physiology and biomechanics remains unclear. Intraspecifically, we hypothesized that greater vertical load-lifting capacity would correlate with higher wingbeat frequencies and relatively more massive flight muscles, along with relatively bigger hearts, lungs, and stomachs to enhance metabolic capacity and energy supply, but also with smaller body size given the overall negative allometric dependence of maximum flight performance in volant taxa. To explore intraspecific correlates of flight performance, we assembled a large dataset that included 13 morphological and kinematic variables for a non-migratory passerine, the Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus). We found that heavier flight muscles and larger wings, heavier stomachs and shorter bills were the most important correlates of maximum load-lifting capacity. Surprisingly, wingbeat frequency, wing stroke amplitude and masses of the heart, lungs and digestive organs (except for the stomach) were non-significant predictor variables relative to lifting capacity. The best-fit structural equation model (SEM) indicated that load-lifting capacity was positively correlated with flight muscle mass, wing area and stomach mass, but was negatively correlated with bill length. Characterization of individual variability in flight performance in a free-ranging passerine indicates the subtlety of interaction effects among morphological features, some of which differ from those that have been identified interspecifically for maximum flight performance in birds.
Pith Necrosis of Tomato Caused by Pseudomonas viridiflava May Not Decrease Production
Authors: Monteiro F. P. , Ogoshi C. , Cardoso D. A. , Perazolli V.
Published: November 2019

Aims: This study aimed to measure the losses in the production of tomato plants caused by the bacteria P. viridiflava.

Study Design: Experiments were performed in a completely randomized design with six replicates.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted on the Caçador experimental station of the Agricultural Research and Rural Extension Enterprise of Santa Catarina (EPAGRI) from October to April during 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 crop season.

Methodology: Bacteria were isolated from tomato plants with pith necrosis symptoms, using nutrient agar. The isolated strain was identified by a scheme of tests for bacteria that emit fluorescence, known as LOPAT, and by sequencing the 16S rDNA region. Tomato plants were cultivated for two seasons during 2017/2018 and 2018/2019. In the first year the cultivar Paronset was cultivated and in the next season the experiment was performed with the cultivars Compack, Nagai, Paronset and Pizzadoro. During the production season, tomato fruits were harvested and the weight was accounted for. At the beginning of the first bunch formation, the stems of the plant were inoculated with wood sticks containing bacterial colonies removed from a 48h-Petri dish culture medium. Tomato plants cultivated as control treatments were not inoculated. At the end of the cultivation seasons, the stems were cut to analyze the pith necrosis progress.

Results: In both cultivation seasons, there was no decrease in the production associated with the pith necrosis caused by P. viridiflava EPAGRI BacPvT1 because the total weight of fruits harvested from inoculated plants was not statistically different compared to the non-inoculated plants. The disease progressed in all inoculated plants and adventitious root formation as external symptoms was observed.

Conclusion: The bacteria Pseudomonas viridiflava EPAGRI BacPvT1, one of the etiological agents of pith necrosis of tomato, may not decrease the production. Even causing some injuries, it may be not cause any damage.
Prevalence of Sickle Cell Disease and Other Haemoglobin Variants in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Kingsley Akaba , Enang Ofem , Essien Ofonime , Legogie Annette , Cletus Omini , Oshatuyi Olukayode
Published: November 2019

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the commonest genetic disorder worldwide with a global prevalence of 20-25 million. About 12-15 million affected persons are in Sub-Sahara Africa with Nigeria bearing the highest burden of people living with sickle cell disease. SCD is a disease characterized as an autosomal, recessive, heterogeneous, and a monogenetic disorder caused by an A-to-T point mutation in the β-globin gene responsible for the production of abnormal hemoglobin S (HbS), which polymerizes in the deoxygenated state and results in the sickling of erythrocytes.  Haemoglobin variants are mutant forms of haemoglobin in a population usually occurring as a result of genetic changes in specific genes, or globins that causes change on alterations in the amino acid. They could affect the structure, behavior, the production rate and the stability of the specific gene. Well-known haemoglobin variants such as sick-cell anaemia are responsible for diseases and are considered haemoglobinopathies. Other variants cause no detectable pathology and are thus considered as non-pathological variants.

Aim: The study is aimed at evaluating the burden of sickle cell disease and other haemoglobin variants in Calabar, South-South Nigeria.

Methods: This is a retrospective study done at the haematology laboratory of University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis at alkaline pH was used for the evaluation of haemoglobinopathies. The data were entered into Microsoft Excel 2016 spreadsheet and analysed with the IBM SPSS Version 22. Data were summarized into percentage of different phenotypes.

Results: Results of the total 3648 haemoglobin electrophoresis recorded, 1368 (37.50%) were male while the remaining 2280 (62.5%) females given a male to female ratio of 1:1.7. Five haemoglobin phenotypes were identified as HbAA, HbAS, HbAC, HbSC and HbSS. The overall average values of their prevalence were HbAA 64.78%, HbAS 32.62%, HbSS 2.14%, HbAC 0.33%, HbSC 0.14%. Thus, the prevalence of SCD (Prevalence of HbSS+HbSC) was 2.28%. The highest proportion of SCD was observed in 2011 with least in 2016 and 2017 respectively.

Conclusion: The prevalence of SCD and other haemoglobin variants in Calabar is similar to that of the national prevalence rate. There is need for continuous enlightenment and premarital counselling on the pattern of inheritance of SCD most especially with the increased burden of sickle traits in the environment has reported in this study.
Research and Capstone Project Electronic Repository
Authors: Lalisan Sarah Jean W. , Sobejana Noel P.
Published: November 2019

Aims: Higher Education Institutions are challenged to manage research and capstone projects output available through open access is something that is increasingly mandated by funders and universities in many countries.

Study Design: This is to widen the dissemination of results to the community which information technology practices and theory can address.

Place and Duration of Study: This project tries to investigate the possible outcomes by developing an online repository for research and capstone project in Southern Philippines Agri-Business and Marine and Aquatic School of Technology that can deposit students output, register various accounts, log transactions and an interactive website.

Methodology: Innovative research approach is being manifested in the development that uses modified waterfall, white-box testing and survey-type methodologies are being highlighted.

Results: The website is successfully developed with specific functionality on referencing, data storage, data security, data extraction and some special functionalities. The fifty evaluators gave very agreeable results to the reliability, functionality and usability of the website.

Conclusion: Although, the system is functional and evaluated very agreeable to the respondents the testing is very crucial that proper monitoring should be in place in the entire plan.
Assessment of the Ratio of Geometric Isomers of Dibenzalacetone Spectroscopically
Authors: Houshia Orwa , Walwil Abdalla , Jumaa Hanan , Qrareya Hisham , Daraghmeh Harbi , Daraghmeh Iqab , Owies Areej , Qushtom Abeer
Published: November 2019

The aim of this experiment is to estimate the relative ratio of geometric isomers of Dibenzalacetone that was prepared via the crossed-aldol condensation by reacting benzaldehyde with acetone. Dibenzalacetone was synthesized in the lab from benzaldehyde and acetone under basic conditions. The GC-MS was used to relate the molar mass of the product. Thin layer chromatography was used to visualize the relative RF factor for each isomer. Uv-Vis instrument showed three peaks that were assigned to each isomer. And the FT-IR was used for the assignment of the vibrational modes of each isomer. The relative ratio of trans-trans, Cis-trans, and Cis-Cis was 59.87%, 26.53%, and 13.60% respectively with the aid of FT-IR instruments peak assignments were made for the vibrational frequency of the functional groups. For organic laboratory setups and practices, the fragments from the MS spectrum of DBA can be explained based on cleaving or rearrangement in gas phase by mechanisms known as α-cleavage, β-cleavage, and Rearrangement migration.
Cytochrome P450 Family 1 B1 Gene Mutations in Primary Congenital Glaucoma Affected Egyptian Patients
Authors: Esmael Amanne Feisal , Oraby Hanaa Abdel-Sadek , Nahas Soheir Mohamed El
Published: November 2019

Aims: Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a leading cause of childhood blindness. The cytochrome P450 family 1, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 (CYP1B1) is the most mutated gene that is associated with PCG. Very few studies have examined the promoter region and exon1 of the CYP1B1 gene. This work was planned to contribute to the description of the possible causative mutations of CYP1B1 gene that are related to PCG affected Egyptian patients.

Patients and Methods: Patients diagnosed as glaucomatous based on their symptoms and detailed ophthalmological examinations at the time of presentation underwent an intraocular pressure lowering surgical procedure. Investigations were further proceeded on the molecular level. Sequencing-based mutation screen for the promoter region, exon1 and the coding region of exon3 of CYP1B1 gene have been performed in two related consanguineous PCG affected families and four other sporadic Egyptian patients using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay; where PCR products were sequenced, and further analyzed.

Results: Sequencing analysis revealed three novel mutations in PCG affected patients one in the promoter region (g.G2872A) and two in exon1 (g.C3268T and g.C3332T). Two additional mutations in exon3 (p.L432V and p.N453S) reported for the first time in PCG affected Egyptian patients. Clinical and genetic data of the two consanguineous families revealed that although the four parents have the same variations as their sons, they are ophthalmologically free.

Conclusion: Regular ophthalmic examinations of siblings and parents of these affected patients should take place for early detection of any form of glaucoma to allow prompt diagnosis and early treatment when needed.

Clinical examination and molecular genetic data could contribute to early diagnosis and prevention of the visual impairment caused by PCG. This study provides groundwork for expanded genetic investigations in Egypt paving the way for genetic counseling to help affected families make informed medical and personal decisions.
Parihaka
Authors: Benefield Tommy
Published: November 2019

Aio tukua mai he ngakau mahaki ki ahau kia to tonu te Rangimarie i roto e nga uauatanga me te kaha ki te whakatika i nga marotanga kia matou kia marama hoki ki nga rereketanga ake ake ake.
Cold blood of women and children shed in the mud, heaven’s angry again just like Noah and the flood.
Stranger in Paradise
Authors: Farrell Mary
Published: November 2019

This paper explores the figure of intermarried couples against the ground of the cultural and societal background of the country of birth of both partners. Focusing on the issues of identity, belonging, discrimination and acceptance, the paper is illustrated by quotations from Shakespeare’s tragedy, Othello, probably the greatest study of the worst that can happen to a mixed race couple. Subtitled “The Moor of Venice”, it is an agonising portrait of an African soldier who marries the young, white Venetian daughter of a nobleman and runs the gauntlet of various forms of racial attack until the effects on the marriage become devastating. Other illustrations of the key issues will be drawn from case material and my own experience as the child of a mixed marriage.
Waitara
He wherawheranga i te āhua o ngā tokorua moetahi tautahi iwi kē i runga i te papa o te wheako ahurea me te hāpori o ō rāua tahi whenua tūturu. Arotake kau ana ki ngā kaupapa tuakiri, tūrangawaewae, aukati, me te whakaratahanga, ka whakatauriahia ngā kōrero mai i ngā kīanga o te pūrākau aituā rā a Huritao a Othello, tērā pea te arohaehaenga whānui o tētahi āhuatanga kino ka tau ki runga i tētahi tokorua moetahi tautahi iwikē. Kupu rarohia “Te Tangata o Wēneti”, he tauira mō te moetanga o tētahi tangata toa o Āwherika i tētahi kōtiro kirimā, he tamāhine nā tētahi rangatira o Wēneti, ā, ka whāia haeretia te tokorua nei e ngā tūmomo pēhitanga kino katoa kia ngāro rānō te moetahitangta. Ka tauirahia anō ētahi atu take matua mai i ōku whēako waiaro; he tamaiti o tēnei tūmomo moetahitanga.
Modulation of Inverse Spinel Fe3O4 by Phosphorus Doping as an Industrially Promising Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Jiaqi , Shang Xiao , Ren Hao , Chi Jingqi , Fu Hui , Dong Bin , Liu Chenguang , Chai Yongming
Published: November 2019

Fe‐based oxides have been seldom reported as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), limited by their weak intrinsic activity and conductivity. Herein, phosphorus doping modulation is used to construct inverse spinel P‐Fe3O4 with dual active sites supported on iron foam (P‐Fe3O4/IF) for alkaline HER with an extremely low overpotential of 138 mV at 100 mA cm−2. The obtained inverse spinel Fe–O–P derived from controllable phosphorization can provide an octahedral Fe site and O atom, which bring about the unusual dissociation mechanisms of two water molecules to greatly accelerate the proton supply in alkaline media. Meanwhile, the ΔGH of the P atom in Fe–O–P as an active site is theoretically calculated to be 0.01 eV. Notably, the NiFe LDH/IF(+)||P‐Fe3O4/IF(−) couple achieves an onset potential of 1.47 V (vs RHE) for overall water splitting, with excellent stability for more than 1000 h at a current density of 1000 mA cm−2, and even for 25 000 s at 10 000 mA cm−2 in 6.0 m KOH at 60 °C. The excellent catalyst stability and low‐cost merits of P‐Fe3O4/IF may hold promise for industrial hydrogen production. This work may reveal a new design strategy of earth‐abundant materials for large‐scale water splitting.
Environmentally‐Friendly and Multifunctional Graphene‐Silk Fabric Strain Sensor for Human‐Motion Detection
Authors: Wang Shu , Ning Huiming , Hu Ning , Liu Yaolu , Liu Feng , Zou Rui , Huang Kaiyan , Wu Xiaopeng , Weng Shayuan , Alamusi
Published: November 2019

Wearable devices are being intensively investigated in an extensive range of applications, particularly in the field of human motion detection. Herein, a graphene‐modified silk fabric strain sensor is fabricated and its satisfactory performance including high sensibility and comfortable fit to the human body is reported. Graphene oxide is coated on silk fabric by vacuum filtration and is reduced by hot press method, which provides the obtained silk fabric strain sensor with good piezoresistivity and being more environmentally friendly compared with chemical reduction. Meanwhile, compared with the other strain sensors, the silk fabric strain sensor shows a linear and high resistance variation rate with increasing strain. Moreover, the fabric sensor also exhibits other excellent performances, including cycle stability, UV‐blocking, and hydrophobicity to some extent. Owing to the above advantages, the modified silk fabric sensor can be sewed together with fabric and has the potential to detect human motions.
Dual‐Electromagnetic Field Enhancements through Suspended Metal/Dielectric/Metal Nanostructures and Plastic Phthalates Detection in Child Urine
Authors: Hu Junzheng , Yu Huikang , Su Guangxu , Song Boxiang , Wang Jie , Wu Zhenqiu , Zhan Peng , Liu Fanxin , Wu Wei , Wang Zhenlin
Published: November 2019

Plasmonic nanostructures exhibit intriguing optical properties due to spectrally selective plasmon resonance and thus have broad applications, including biochemical sensing and photoelectric detections. However, excited plasmons are often strongly influenced by the substrates supporting the metallic nanostructures, which not only weakens the intrinsic plasmon coupling effect, but also results in a great reduction of optical near‐field enhancement. Here, a plasmonic nanostructure combining collapsible Au‐nanofingers with selective‐etching that enables Au to be suspended is demonstrated, thus avoiding the undesirable influence of the substrates on the local near‐field distribution and forming symmetric electromagnetic‐field enhancements at both the top and bottom surfaces. The polymer support of the Au‐nanofingers is selectively etched by oxygen plasma, while the Au‐cap retains its original size. After an ultrathin dielectric coating is applied on the Au‐nanofingers, suspended Au‐caps with extremely small dielectric gaps are formed via the collapse of neighboring Au‐nanofingers by exposing them to ethanol. These nanostructures can provide a surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement of up to ≈109, which is nearly twice that in the nonsuspended system. As a highly active SERS substrate, the label‐free detection of low‐concentration harmful plastic phthalates in a child's urine without any pretreatment is successfully demonstrated, which suggests that this method is suitable for medical prediagnosis.
Copper‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereoselective 1,6‐Conjugate Addition of Aza‐Heterocycles to 1‐Sulfonyl‐1,3‐dienes
Authors: Park Subin , Lee Hanseul , Lee Yunmi
Published: November 2019

An efficient and straightforward method for the synthesis of new and versatile sulfonyl‐functionalized allylic amines through the selective copper‐catalyzed aza‐1,6‐conjugate addition of heterocycles or arylamines to 1,4‐disubstituted‐1,3‐dienyl sulfones has been developed. This catalytic process is promoted by a combination of an easily prepared and sterically demanding N‐heterocyclic carbene‐based copper complex and KOt‐Bu under mild reaction conditions to provide a broad range of (E)‐allylic amines with excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivities.

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Rewritable Optical Memory Based on Sign Switching of Magnetoresistance
Authors: He Anpeng , Liu Guozhen , Lu Hao , Zhao Run , Gao Ju , Wu Quanying , Zheng Changcheng , Jiang Yucheng , Li Liang
Published: November 2019

Discovering ways to control magnetic states by light is very attractive for prospective applications of optical–magnetic sensing and recording. Although several studies have demonstrated the light‐induced switching of magnetization, the magnetoresistance effect was seldom thought to depend on light illumination. A light‐induced magnetoresistance sign switching the resulting writable optical memory are described. A practical method is developed to form a p‐n junction at the interface of a p‐type amorphous carbon film and a quasi‐2D electron gas on an SrTiO3 surface. When illuminated, the as‐formed junction exhibits a clear transition from positive to negative magnetoresistance. A change of optical intensity influences the response time, but not the final value of the negative magnetoresistance. It is also found that, after a light pulse, the negative magnetoresistance state tends to persist, indicating a longstanding memory for an optical signal. This points to a new direction for studying light‐induced magnetoresistance switching, which could lead to the development of new memory devices.
Synaptic Plasticity and Filtering Emulated in Metal–Organic Frameworks Nanosheets Based Transistors
Authors: Ding Guanglong , Yang Baidong , Zhou Kui , Zhang Chen , Wang Yaxin , Yang Jia‐Qin , Han Su‐Ting , Zhai Yongbiao , Roy Vellaisamy A. L. , Zhou Ye
Published: November 2019

Two‐dimensional (2D) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are widely used in a variety of mature applications, including catalysis, drug delivery, and sensors. Based on their highly accessible active sites, 2D MOFs are expected to be good charge trapping elements. Using 2D MOF, Zn‐TCPP (TCPP: tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin), as charge trapping materials by a simple solution process, a three‐terminal synaptic device which can realize the learning functions and signal transmission simultaneously is firstly fabricated. The as‐fabricated synaptic device exhibits ambipolar charge carrier trapping performance, large currenton/currentoff ratio (>103) and excellent endurance (500 cycle times). Moreover, the common biological synaptic behaviors, including postsynaptic current under different temperature, pulse duration time and pulse voltage, paired‐pulse facilitation, paired‐pulse depression, spiking rate dependent plasticity, dynamic filtering, transition from short‐term potentiation to long‐term potentiation, learning–forgetting–relearning process, are successfully simulated using our synaptic transistor. This research is highly relevant for broadening the application range of 2D MOFs and has important enlightenment for future neuromorphic computing.
What Differences Do They See? Using Mixed Methods to Capture Adolescent Perceptions of Neighborhood Contexts
Authors: Pratt Mercedes , King Mikayla , Burash Jessica , Tompsett Carolyn J.
Published: November 2019

Recent neighborhood research emphasizes the importance of individuals’ perceptions of their neighborhoods, as well as expands the definition of “neighborhood” to include the different contexts encountered during routine daily activities (Coulton et al., 2013; Kwan, 2012). The present study uses qualitative interviews, sketch mapping, and survey data to explore adolescents’ experiences of different neighborhoods within their activity space. Participants included 55 racially diverse youth aged 11–19 (M = 14.64, SD = 2.33) who resided in low‐income neighborhoods in a small city in the Midwest. The majority reported spending time in multiple self‐defined neighborhoods, noting significant differences between neighborhoods on collective efficacy, street code, and on participant‐generated dimensions. Self‐defined neighborhoods did not correspond to Census tracts, and Census indicators were not associated with youth's perceptions (e.g., collective efficacy, street code). Youth spent time in neighborhoods that differed significantly on multiple Census indicators of structural disadvantage, though within‐individual differences tended to be small in magnitude. Type of routine activity was largely not predictive of distance traveled from home, though some findings suggest youth were more likely to cross neighborhood boundaries to engage in structured activities compared to different unstructured activities. Implications for neighborhood research and interventions are discussed.
Psychosocial work stressors, high family responsibilities, and psychological distress among women: A 5‐year prospective study
Authors: Gilbert‐Ouimet Mahée , Brisson Chantal , Vézina Michel
Published: November 2019

Background

Psychological distress is a strong and independent predictor of major depression. Assuming multiple roles (such as being both a mother and an employee) under stressful conditions may lead to psychological distress. This study evaluated, for the first time, the longitudinal effect of the simultaneous exposure to psychosocial work stressors and high family responsibilities on women's psychological distress.

Methods

Women were assessed at baseline (N = 1307) and at 3‐ and 5‐year follow‐ups. Psychosocial work stressors of the demand‐control and effort‐reward imbalance models were measured with validated questionnaires. Family responsibilities were also self‐reported and referred to the number of children and their age(s) as well as housework and childcare. Psychological distress was measured with the validated Psychiatric Symptoms Index questionnaire. Prevalence ratios (PR) of psychological distress were modeled with log‐binomial regressions.

Results

Having high family responsibilities did not increase women's prevalence of psychological distress. However, being exposed to either job strain or effort‐reward imbalance led to a higher prevalence of psychological distress at the 3‐ and 5‐year follow‐ups (PR of 1.25‐1.62). Being simultaneous exposed to these psychosocial work stressors and high family responsibilities also increased the prevalence of psychological distress (PR of 1.44‐1.87), but no interactions were observed between stressors and responsibilities.

Conclusions

In this 5‐year prospective study, simultaneous exposure to psychosocial work stressors and high family responsibilities increased the prevalence of psychological distress among women. Work stressors were, however, driving most of the effect, which reinforces their importance as modifiable risk factors of women's mental health problems.
Radical Acylfluoroalkylation of Olefins through N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis
Authors: Li Jun‐Long , Liu Yan‐Qing , Zou Wen‐Lin , Zeng Rong , Zhang Xiang , Liu Yue , Han Bo , He Yu , Leng Hai‐Jun , Li Qing‐Zhu
Published: November 2019

Fluorinated ketones are widely prevalent in numerous biologically interesting molecules, and the development of novel transformations to access these structures is an important task in organic synthesis. Herein, we report the multicomponent radical acylfluoroalkylation of a variety of olefins in the presence of various commercially available aromatic aldehydes and fluoroalkyl reagents through N‐heterocyclic carbene organocatalysis. With this protocol, over 120 examples of functionalized ketones with diverse fluorine substituents have been synthesized in up to 99 % yield with complete regioselectivity. The generality of this catalytic strategy was further highlighted by its successful application in the late‐stage functionalization of pharmaceutical skeletons. Excellent diastereoselectivity could be achieved in the reactions forging multiple stereocenters. In addition, preliminary results have been achieved on the catalytic asymmetric variant of the olefin difunctionalization process.
Female citation impact superiority 1996–2018 in six out of seven English‐speaking nations
Authors: Thelwall Mike
Published: November 2019

Efforts to combat continuing gender inequalities in academia need to be informed by evidence about where differences occur. Citations are relevant as potential evidence in appointment and promotion decisions, but it is unclear whether there have been historical gender differences in average citation impact that might explain the current shortfall of senior female academics. This study investigates the evolution of gender differences in citation impact 1996–2018 for six million articles from seven large English‐speaking nations: Australia, Canada, Ireland, Jamaica, New Zealand, UK, and the USA. The results show that a small female citation advantage has been the norm over time for all these countries except the USA, where there has been no practical difference. The female citation advantage is largest, and statistically significant in most years, for Australia and the UK. This suggests that any academic bias against citing female‐authored research cannot explain current employment inequalities. Nevertheless, comparisons using recent citation data, or avoiding it altogether, during appointments or promotion may disadvantage females in some countries by underestimating the likely greater impact of their work, especially in the long term.
“Mind the five”: Guidelines for data privacy and security in humanitarian work with undocumented migrants and other vulnerable populations
Authors: Vannini Sara , Gomez Ricardo , Newell Bryce Clayton
Published: November 2019

The forced displacement and transnational migration of millions of people around the world is a growing phenomenon that has been met with increased surveillance and datafication by a variety of actors. Small humanitarian organizations that help irregular migrants in the United States frequently do not have the resources or expertise to fully address the implications of collecting, storing, and using data about the vulnerable populations they serve. As a result, there is a risk that their work could exacerbate the vulnerabilities of the very same migrants they are trying to help. In this study, we propose a conceptual framework for protecting privacy in the context of humanitarian information activities (HIA) with irregular migrants. We draw from a review of the academic literature as well as interviews with individuals affiliated with several US‐based humanitarian organizations, higher education institutions, and nonprofit organizations that provide support to undocumented migrants. We discuss 3 primary issues: (i) HIA present both technological and human risks; (ii) the expectation of privacy self‐management by vulnerable populations is problematic; and (iii) there is a need for robust, actionable, privacy‐related guidelines for HIA. We suggest 5 recommendations to strengthen the privacy protection offered to undocumented migrants and other vulnerable populations.