bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Varying Levels of Online Enrollment and Degree Completion
Authors: Ortagus Justin C.
Published: January 2023

This study examines the influence of varying levels of online enrollment on community college students’ likelihood of degree completion, with a particular focus on completion outcomes among traditionally underserved subgroups of students. Using institutional transcript data from a high-enrollment community college and a propensity score weighting approach, I find that lower levels of online enrollment have a positive relationship with the likelihood of degree completion for Black, Hispanic, and low-income community college students, but enrolling in all online courses has a negative influence on the likelihood of degree completion across subgroups of community college students.
The Digital and Sustainable Future of Business
Authors: Han YouAI
Published: January 2023

The Digital and Sustainable Future of Business
Experiment ended
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: January 2023

The Cost of Science The Ethics Behind ChatGPT's Human Voice
Experiment ended
Authors: Evans Isabelle
Published: January 2023

The Future of Business: Digital and Sustainable
Experiment ended
Authors: Robinson Jonny
Published: January 2023

The Digital and Sustainable Future of Business
Experiment ended
Authors: Robinson Jonny
Published: January 2023

The Cost of Science A Look at the Ethical Implications of ChatGPT
The category of space in media
Authors: viaScience
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes the content of the category media space and four areas of spatial study of communication in modern science. It focuses on the universal nature of space and national features in languages. It exhibits specific forms of the category of space in media
The Future of Business Digital and Sustainable (v2)
Authors: Han YouAI
Published: January 2023

The Future of Business Digital and Sustainable
Ancaman bagi Toko Sembako Dimasa Resesi 2023
Authors: Baihaqi Achmad Prabu Riza
Published: January 2023

Menurut Faujik (2020), resesi adalah penurunan signifikan dalam aktivitas ekonomi yang tersebar di seluruh ekonomi, berlangsung lebih dari beberapa bulan, biasanya terlihat dalam PDB riil, pendapatan riil, lapangan kerja, produksi industri, dan penjualan grosir-eceran. Pengertian yang lebih sederhana dan lazim digunakan, disajikan oleh Julius Shiskin pada tahun 1974, yang menyatakan resesi adalah penurunan Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) yang terjadi selama dua kuartal berturut – turut, Resesi ekonomi adalah penurunan aktivitas ekonomi secara signifikan dalam waktu lama yang ditandai oleh kondisi stagnanmulai dari berbulan-bulan hinggatahunan. Resesi ekonomi bisa memicu menurunya keuntungan perusahaan,meningkatkan angka pengangguran, dan bahkan kebangkrutan ekonomi. Dalam teori makro-ekonomi, resesiekonomi adalah kondisi ketikaproduk domestik bruto (PDB) menurun atau pertumbuhan ekonomiriil bernilai negatif selama dua kuartalatau lebih dalam satu tahun. Resesi ekonomi dapat mengakibatkanpenurunan secara simultan padaseluruh aktivitas ekonomi sepertilapangan kerja, investasi, dankeuntungan perusahaan. Selainkarena meningkatnya harga-hargasecara tajam sehingga menyebabkan ekonomi menjadi stagnan atau dalam proses yang dikenal sebagai stagflasi, resesi ekonomi juga bisa terjadi karena turunnya harga-harga atau deflasi. Namun, kekhawatiran terjadinya resesi ekonomi kali ini lebih bersumber dari keadaan stagflasi yang dapat terjadi dalam beberapa waktu ke depan ( Surya, 2022 ). Indikator utama yakni PDB Riil Indonesia menunjukkan penurunan yang sangat drastisdimana dari quartal I 2020 menurun sebesar 2 % dari Quartal sebelumnya, hingga padapuncaknya PDB Indonesia merosot tajam hingga minus -5,32%. Kemudian pada Quartal berikutnya meskipun mengalami kenaikan dari qurtal sebelumnya, namun hal terebtumasihbelum bisa mengentaskan PDB dari angka minus, Yakni -3,49%. Berdasrkan data diatasmenunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan Produk domestik Bruto, gejala resesi sudah muncul , sebagai indikator utama bahwa PDB turun secara dua kuartal berturut-turut dari kuartal I hinggakuartal III 2020. (Joseph et al., 2019).
Periodicity in the Deccan volcanism modulated by plume perturbations at the mid-mantle transition zone
Authors: Ghosh Dip , Sen Joyjeet , Mandal Nibir
Published: January 2023

In peninsular India, the Deccan Traps record massive, continental-scale volcanism in a sequence of magmatic events that mark the mass extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. Although the Deccan volcanism is linked with the Réunion hotspot, the origin of its periodic magmatic pulses is still debated. We develop a numerical model, replicating the geodynamic scenario of the African superplume underneath a moving Indian plate, to explore the mechanism of magmatic pulse generation during the Deccan volcanism. Our model finds a connection between the Réunion hotspot and the African large low shear-wave velocity province (LLSVP) to show pulse generation from a thermochemical plume in the lower mantle. The plume is perturbed at 660 km, and its head eventually detaches from the tail under the influence of Indian plate movement to produce four major pulses (periodicity: 5 - 8 Ma), each giving rise to multiple secondary magmatic pulses at a time interval of ~ 0.15-0.4 Ma.
The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure’s trial-types are not independent
Authors: Hussey Ian
Published: January 2023

The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) can be scored in different ways, as a single overall score or as one score for each its four trial-types. Over time, studies have tended to employ the latter method on the basis of a pervasive belief that the four trial types are independent of one another. Inspection of the literature shows no direct evidence to support this claim and one experiment contradicting it. I conducted a more general investigation of this question using a large existing dataset of 1688 participants who completed one of 41 distinct IRAPs in 17 domains. Scores for each trial-type within each IRAP were correlated with one another in order to assess their independence. 27% of correlations were significantly different from zero. 74% of IRAPs demonstrated at least one detectable correlation among its trial-types. A multi-level meta-analysis demonstrated that IRAP trial-types are on average significantly correlated (r = .21, p < .00000000000001), albeit with significant heterogeneity between domains. In addition to the existing experimental evidence, this provides large scale correlational evidence that against the claim that IRAP’s trial-types are in general independent. Based on the available evidence, researchers should start from the default assumption that the trial types are non-independent, and therefore that the IRAP should be analyzed as a single score. Recommendations for how scoring decisions should be made are provided, along with more general recommendations for ensuring the replicability of findings.
Men’s Attitudes Toward Third Party Casual Sex Predict Rape Myth Acceptance
Authors: Hahnel-Peeters Rebecka Kathleen , Goetz Cari , Goetz Aaron Taylor
Published: January 2023

The reproductive self-interest model of morality (RSIMM) is a framework for understanding moral judgments associated with sexual behavior. This model posits that individual differences in sexual strategies, mediated by one’s religiosity and political orientation, casually influence people’s moral judgments toward social hot-button issues. Previous work on the RSIMM has explained individual differences in attitudes toward abortion, prostitution, and contraception. Individuals more interested in long-term mating judged these behaviors as morally wrong. In this preregistered study, we proposed the RSIMM would account for individual differences in rape myth acceptance (RMA). We examined the relationship between political orientation, attitudes third-party casual sex, and RMA in a sample of 308 participants (137 women). We predicted that more negative attitudes toward third parties’ casual sex would correlate with increased RMA. Our hypothesis was supported for men but not women: Men who condemned others’ casual sex, had more unrestricted attitudes about their own casual sex, and desired more casual sex were statistically more likely to accept more rape myths. In the discussion, we speculate that sex differences in the relationship between attitudes towards casual sex and RMA may be due to the costs of rape incurred by women but not men.
Exponential Authorship Inflation in Neuroscience and Psychology from the 1950s to the 2020s
Authors: Lin Zhicheng , Lu Shangzhi
Published: January 2023

How many researchers does it take to publish a paper in top journals in neuroscience and psychology? Manually coding 42,580 papers spanning 1879–2021 from 32 journals, we examine the evolution of authorship size and its rate of change, and evaluate forces that drive the changes. We found that, starting from the 1950s, the average authorship size per paper in neuroscience and psychology has increased exponentially, growing by 50% and 31% over the last decade and reaching a record high of 10.4 and 4.8 authors in 2021, respectively. Single-authored papers have become a rarity today, particularly in primary research papers: 1.7% in neuroscience and 2.2% in psychology in 2020s (vs. 5.7% and 11.2% in review papers). With the withering of sole authors rises a new type of authorship, group authors (e.g., a consortium). Group authorship was rare before 2000, but in 2019–2021 it appeared in 4.1% of papers in neuroscience, mostly in genetics, neuroimaging, and disease—outnumbering single-authored papers for the first time—and 0.7% in psychology, mostly in developmental and clinical research. The exponential inflation in authorship size could not be attributed to editorial behaviors in profit-oriented journals, but aligns with a hybrid epistemic–behavioral–cultural account—an account that integrates multidimensional factors, including increased research complexity, the benefits of collaboration, the rise of government-funded research, changing norms in authorship practices, and biased incentives in evaluation. These findings suggest troubling implications for research reproducibility, innovations, equity/diversity, and ethics, calling for policy deliberations to address potential negative ramifications.
Sprachbildung mit Bilderbüchern. Ein videobasiertes Fortbildungsmaterial zum dialogischen Lesen
Authors: Baldaeus Annika , Ruberg Tobias , Rothweiler Monika , Nickel Sven
Published: January 2023

Eine der größten Herausforderungen im Bereich der Bildung von Kindern und Jugendlichen ist die sprachliche Bildung. Für die sprachliche Bildung in Kitas ist das dialogische Lesen besonders interessant, da sich das Vorlesen in Kleingruppen leicht in den pädagogischen Alltag integrieren lässt. Eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für die Wirksamkeit des dialogischen Lesens ist allerdings, dass frühpädagogische Fachkräfte sich die hierfür erforderlichen Kompetenzen aneignen. In dem Projekt zur "Umsetzung alltagsintegrierter Sprach- und Literacyförderung in Bremen" wurden in zehn Bremer Kitas 120 pädagogische Fachkräfte nach unterschiedlichen Aspekten alltagsintegrierter Sprachförderung befragt und ihre Kompetenzen erfasst. Die dabei festgestellte Diskrepanz zwischen praktischem Handeln und fachlichen Kompetenzen unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit von umfassenden Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden im Rahmen des Projekts Materialien erstellt, die in der Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung eingesetzt werden können und in diesem Band vorgestellt werden.
Economics of Lentil Production under Relay and Conventional Tillage Practice
Authors: Poudel Hema K. , Timsina Krishna P. , Adhikari Surya P. , Devkota Deepa , Subedi Sanjiv , Kharel Meena , Giri Rabin , Bohara Suman , Upadhyaya Jharana , Poudel Mukti R.
Published: January 2023

The study was intended to find out the most profitable method between the relay and tillage growing method of lentil production. For primary data collection, a simple random sampling method was followed. Household survey was conducted in two districts Bardiya and Kailali in 2021 AD. A total of 107 lentil farmers (43 farmers following relay and 64 farmers following tillage practices) were randomly selected from two pockets area (relay and tillage method adopters) of each district. Benefit-Cost (BC) ratio analysis was done to find out the most profitable method of lentil cultivation. Multiple regression model was applied to estimate the factors determining the lentil production. The average BC ratio is 2.18 which indicates that lentil cultivation is profitable with average productivity of 0.64 mt/ha. The total cost incurred per ha in relay and tillage method was NRs. 24345 and NRs. 33549 respectively. Similarly, gross income from relay and tillage method was found NRs. 56160 and NRs 69870, per ha respectively. In between the two popular methods (relay and tillage) of lentil cultivation, the BC ratio was found 2.31 in the relay method compared to 2.08 in the tillage method. Among the several socio-economic independent variables used in the model, the age of the household head and fertilizer application significantly influenced the lentil production. However, lentil production is negatively affected by the practice of intermixed cropping. Hence the result indicates that relay cropping with mono-cropping and appropriate management of fertilizer could play a crucial role to boost the profitability of lentil farming
Spatial Mapping Based on the Settlement Carrying Capacity Value in Gunungpati District, Semarang City
Authors: Pratamaningtyas Anggraini Tyas , Hidayati Nur Hafida , Muning Harjanti Intan
Published: January 2023

Abstract: The City Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) for Semarang City stipulates that Gunungpati District has a role in developing residential cultivation areas with the determination of several protected area types as well as functioning as a strategic environmental carrying capacity area for the city. Based on Semarang City BPBD, 29 landslides occurred between 2016-2021, which damaged houses, facilities, and residential infrastructure. This study aims to produce spatial mapping for residential area designations through the calculation of its carrying capacity so as to obtain the carrying capacity value or classification of the ability of each village area to accommodate the number of residents. This can then be used as one of the basic considerations in determining the development of residential areas in Gunungpati District. This study uses the quantitative method to determine the residential land's carrying capacity through spatial mapping data processing based on geographic information systems (GIS) using scoring, weighting, and overlay techniques. The spatial mapping produces a landslide vulnerability map with vulnerability classifications covering very low (1.468,17 Ha) to very vulnerable (466.53 Ha) classes as well as cultivation function, buffer, and protected areas distribution in Gunungpati District. The final results show that each region can accommodate the population increase of each village in Gunungpati District, with Jatirejo Village scoring the highest in DDPm value (26.9) and Sukorejo Village scoring the lowest (5.7).
Keywords: Landslides, carrying capacity, settlement
Foregrounding (Lost) Rituals in the Irish and Harlem Renaissances: John Millington Synge, Zora Neale Hurston, and the Transatlantic Gesture
Authors: Mouton Kinyon Chanté
Published: January 2023

In the preface to The Book of American Negro Poetry (1922), James Weldon Johnson argues that “the colored poet in the United States needs to do something like what Synge did for the Irish.” This article considers the theatrical works of Zora Neale Hurston in light of Johnson’s injunction. In their theatres, John Millington Synge and Zora Neale Hurston work to create a breathing archive of Irish and Black American cultures, respectively, using the stage to portray Irish and Black American folk cultures and give spectators the opportunity to see, hear, and experience performative aspects of those traditions. In addition to drafting scripts that attempt to stage Irish and Black American rituals, their emphasis on interpreting the unique rhythms of vernacular spoken traditions and of directly staging collected folk stories offers evidence of this goal. This article focuses on the use of the keen in Riders to the Sea and the use of the cakewalk in Color Struck to highlight how Synge and Hurston locate rituals in their cultural contexts, thereby giving a representation of them that audiences might consider authentic, while also writing against the stereotypes associated with the cultures under discussion.
ТЕХНІКО-ТАКТИЧНІ ДІЇ УЧАСНИКІВ ТА МЕТОДИКА СУДДІВСТВА НА ЕТАПІ «ПОХИЛА НАВІСНА ПЕРЕПРАВА ЧЕРЕЗ РІЧКУ, ЯР»
Authors: Палатний Ігор , Палатна Оксана
Published: January 2023

Вступ. Система підготовки спортсменів-туристів до участі в походах чи змаганнях зі спортивного туризму потребує нових оптимальних підходів та методик тренувань, адже під час подолання природних перешкод використовується різноманітна туристська техніка та тактика, різні способи забезпечення безпеки. Тому питання підвищення рівня навчально-тренувального процесу туристів та оволодіння ними технічними й тактичними прийомам безпечного подолання природних перешкод (етапів) під час спортивних змагань та туристських походів є досить актуальним.
Мета дослідження – полягає у розробці організаційно-методичних рекомендацій з метою підвищення ефективності навчання техніко-тактичним прийомам при подоланні природних перешкод (етапів); покращення рівня підготовки спортсменів та суддів під час проведення змагань зі спортивного пішохідного туризму.
Методи дослідження передбачають аналіз, узагальнення та систематизацію даних щодо підвищення ефективності навчання техніко-тактичним прийомам при подоланні природних перешкод (етапів) під час проведення туристських подорожей (змагань). Ми використали наступний перелік сучасних методик: аналіз науково-методичних джерел; вивчення та узагальнення передового досвіду; системний підхід; метод системного і структурно-функціонального аналізу.
Результати. У статті висвітлено питання практичної туристсько-спортивної підготовки учасників туристських змагань та походів, здійснено аналіз науково-методичної літератури з організації та проведення даного виду діяльності; надано методичні вказівки щодо оптимізації навчально-тренувального процесу туристів та оволодіння ними технічними та тактичними прийомам безпечного подолання природних перешкод; приведені практичні рекомендації щодо підвищення рівня підготовки спортсменів та організації суддівства під час проведення змагань зі спортивного пішохідного туризму на дистанціях «Смуга перешкод» та «Крос-похід», на прикладі етапу «Похила навісна переправа через річку, яр», відповідно до нової редакції Правил змагань зі спортивного туризму, затверджених Міністерством молоді та спорту в 2021 році, та оновленого Технічного регламенту змагань з пішохідного туризму, затвердженого Федерацією спортивного туризму.
Висновки. Запропонована нами методика подолання та суддівства етапу «Похила навісна переправа через річку, яр» дає можливість оптимізувати процес підготовки спортсменів та суддів під час змагань із техніки спортивного туризму та допоможе в реальних умовах безпечно долати природні перешкоди на туристських маршрутах.
ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ ГЛОБАЛЬНИХ ПРОБЛЕМ ОЛІМПІЙСЬКОГО РУХУ В ТЕПЕРІШНІЙ ЧАС (2012-2022 рр.)
Authors: Пангелова Наталія , Рубан Владислав
Published: January 2023

Вступ. За останні 20 років в олімпійському русі, як і в міжнародному спортивному русі в цілому, відбулись кардинальні зміни. Зараз спорт, спортивні зв’язки стали глобальним явищем планетарного масштабу. Вступивши до якісно нового етапу свого розвитку, міжнародний спортивний рух набуває багато нових рис, які дозволяють називати його феноменом неоолімпізму. Сучасний неоолімпізм має низку характеристик, які відрізняють його від спорту попередніх десятиліть.
Отже, виникає необхідність у дослідженні основних тенденцій щодо трансформацій основних проблем олімпійського руху у теперішній час.
Мета дослідження – аналіз, узагальнення, систематизація та інтерпретація даних літературних джерел щодо сучасних тенденцій розвитку міжнародного олімпійського руху.
Методи дослідження: теоретичний аналіз, синтез та узагальнення даних науково-методичної літератури щодо особливостей організації, проведення та характерних рис Ігор Олімпіад та зимових Олімпійських ігор (2012-2022 рр.).
Результати дослідження. У теперішній час проблема політизації спорту трансформувалась наступним чином – прослідковується суттєвий вплив політики на міжнародний спортивний рух, який виявляється у наступному: існують різні політичні ідеології, як на соціальному рівні так і у спорті; часто досягнення спортсменів використовуються владою як символ державництва тієї або іншої країни; спорт вважається одним з найкращих засобів поширення серед населення національної політики та ідеології; спорт є ефективним засобом демонстрації непокори (бойкот або відмова від участі у змаганнях) з політикою своєї країни або ж іншої держави.
Висновки. Основними цілями втручання політики у спорт є: підвищення міжнародного протесту завдяки перемогам на змаганнях (Олімпійські ігри, чемпіонати світу та ін.); використання спортивних досягнень для пропаганди певної ідеології серед населення певної країни та за кордоном.
ІННОВАЦІЙНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ФІЗКУЛЬТУРНО-ОЗДОРОВЧОЇ РОБОТИ З УЧНЯМИ ПОЧАТКОВИХ КЛАСІВ В КОНТЕКСТІ ВИМОГ НОВОЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ШКОЛИ
Authors: Пангелов Борис , Красов Олександр , Хакало Аліна
Published: January 2023

Вступ. Вимоги Нової української школи потребують перегляду та осучаснення методик проведення не тільки уроків з фізичної культури, але й інших організаційних форм фізичного виховання учнів початкових класів. На думку фахівців ця ідея може бути реалізована тільки через гармонійне поєднання здобутків класичної теорії та методики з інноваційними підходами до підвищення творчої активності та соціальної взаємодії учнів в процесі занять фізичними вправами. У цьому зв’язку виникає необхідність у вивченні інноваційних підходів до оптимізації процесу фізичного виховання молодших школярів які пропонують вітчизняні вчені з метою їх подальшого впровадження у практичну діяльність.
Мета дослідження – аналіз, систематизація та узагальнення даних спеціальних джерел щодо інноваційних підходів до організації роботи з фізичного виховання молодших школярів.
Методи дослідження: теоретичний аналіз та узагальнення даних літературних джерел; метод системного аналізу.
Результат дослідження. Інноваційні технології є невід’ємною частиною розвитку та вдосконалення системи фізичного виховання є предметом дослідження багатьох науковців (О. М. Саїнчук, 2014; В. М. Кириченко, 2015; О. О. Мітова, 2016; Н. Є. Пангелова, 2018; С. В. Власова, 2019; І. О. Юзковець, 2020; Н. В. Москаленко, 2022 та ін.). Науковці пропонують підходи щодо застосування нових видів рухової активності, методичних положень, організаційних форм.
Висновки. Можна виділити наступні спільні тенденції у дослідженнях провідних вчених щодо зазначеної проблеми: необхідність застосування інноваційно-оздоровчих технологій для покращення фізичного стану дітей; розвивати варіанти ідей та можливості створення нових оздоровчих технологій; експериментувати з інноваційними підходами у фізичному виховання та ін.
Internalization of Multicultural Islamic Education Values In High School Students
Authors: OK Azizah Hanum , Al-Farabi Mohammad , Firmansyah Feri
Published: January 2023

This study aims to analyze the Hinai Sub-District Junior High School program in internalizing the values of multicultural Islamic education, to analyze the application of Hinai Sub-District Middle School activities in internalizing the values of multicultural Islamic education, and to analyze the obstacles and supporters in internalizing the values of multicultural Islamic education in Middle Schools throughout the Sub-District. humiliate. This study uses a qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach. The sources of information for this research were Islamic and Christian religious education teachers, civics teachers, school principals, and students. Data collection techniques were collected through interviews, observation, and document studies. Data analysis techniques were carried out using data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and inference. The findings in this study indicate that there are school programs that internalize the values of multicultural Islamic education, including learning process programs, extracurricular programs, school environments, and school rules and regulations. Internalization of the values of multicultural Islamic education is applied in various activities in schools such as teacher activities in teaching, habituation activities, exemplary teachers, activities to read the Koran and pray before learning, prayer, infaq, Ramadan activities, the celebration of Islamic holidays, and mutual cooperation and social service activities.
Discerning a Framework for the Treatment of Animals in the Bahá’í Writings
Authors: Sabet Michael
Published: January 2023

Discussions about the proper relationship between humans and animals can easily degenerate into what the Universal House of Justice calls “the all too common tendencies . . . to delineate sharp dichotomies . . . and engage in intractable debate that obstructs the search for viable solutions” (29 November 2017). This paper first uses an exegetical approach to discern a Bahá’í framework governing the treatment of animals, and our relationship to the natural world more broadly. Next, a self-reflexive examination of the author’s own relationship with animals is used to demonstrate how such a framework can directly inform the individual’s way of being in the world, in a manner that is both faithful to the Bahá’í teachings on the subject, and responsive to differences in individuals’ circumstances. Finally, it suggests that by presenting an internally coherent position in which an ethics of kindness and justice flows from underlying ontological principles, this framework hold promise for transcending the dichotomy between domination-themed narratives that assign purely instrumental value to the natural world, and materialistic narratives that deny any unique status to the human being.
This paper had its origins in a presentation offered at the 2020 Annual Conference of the Association for Bahá’í Studies, but expands considerably on the arguments in that talk, both in terms of breadth and depth. My thanks to Roshan Danesh, Nilufar Gordon, Mahtab Sabet, and two anonymous reviewers, for their generous feedback and encouragement.
Development of a physically correct model of reflection of the second degree
Authors: Zavalnyuk E.K. , Romanyuk O.N. , Pavlov S.V. , Shevchuk R.P. , Korobeinikova T.I.
Published: January 2023

In this article the development of physically correct light reflectance model which is based on the modified Schlick model is discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of main empirical reflectance models are discussed. The necessity of development of the new physically correct bidirectional reflectance distribution functions is shown. The main steps of normalizing coefficient calculation for the modified Schlick model are discussed. The ideal normalizing coefficient values depending on the surface specularity coefficient  were calculated. The formula of dependence between coefficient value and  was discovered. The absolute error value between  and hemispherical integral reflectivity value was calculated for the interval  n ∈ [2,1000].
Correlation of callosal angle at the splenium with gait and cognition in normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Hattori Takaaki , Ohara Masahiro , Yuasa Tatsuhiko , Azuma Reo , Chen Qingmeng , Hanazawa Ryoichi , Hirakawa Akihiro , Orimo Satoshi , Yokota Takanori
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is characterized by ventricular enlargement that deforms the corpus callosum, making the callosal angle (CA) small. The authors aimed to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the CA in different planes in iNPH.

METHODS

Forty patients with iNPH were included in the study. As a control group, 241 patients with other neurological diseases and 50 healthy controls were included. The subjects had been seen at the authors’ institutions from 2010 to 2020. The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test total time and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) total score were evaluated. CAs were measured in the axial plane at the splenium and genu and in the coronal plane at the anterior commissure and posterior commissure by using 3-dimensional T1-weighted MR images. As other hydrocephalus parameters, the Evans index, frontal-occipital horn ratio, and third ventricular width were also measured in patients with iNPH. Associations between each CA or hydrocephalus parameter and clinical parameters were evaluated. The classification efficacy of each CA in differentiating between iNPH and other neurological diseases and healthy controls was evaluated.

RESULTS

The CA at the splenium, but no other hydrocephalus parameters, was correlated with TUG total time or MMSE total score in patients with iNPH. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that a CA of 71.1° at the splenium has 90.0% sensitivity and 89.0% specificity in discriminating iNPH from other neurological diseases and healthy controls. Probabilistic tractography analysis showed that neuronal fibers via the splenium connect the superior parietal lobules, temporal lobes, and occipital lobes.

CONCLUSIONS

The study results suggest that interhemispheric disconnections at the splenium are, at least in part, responsible for gait and cognitive disturbance in iNPH. The CA at the splenium is a unique morphological feature that correlates with gait and cognition in iNPH, and it is useful for discriminating iNPH from other neurological diseases and healthy controls.
Risk factors of intraoperative blood loss and transfusion for pediatric patients undergoing brain tumor removal: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Na , Xu Yingyi , Xu Xinke , Chen Cheng , Guo Yubing , Tan Yonghong
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE

Intraoperative blood loss is a major challenge in pediatric brain tumor removal. Several clinical and surgical factors may influence the occurrence of intraoperative blood loss and blood transfusion. This study aimed to identify the risk factors of intraoperative blood loss and intraoperative red blood cell (RBC) transfusion for pediatric patients undergoing brain tumor removal.

METHODS

A total of 297 pediatric patients undergoing brain tumor removal were selected in this retrospective, singlecenter study. Demographic data, laboratory data, imaging data, and surgical records were collected, and then independent risk factors for intraoperative blood loss and transfusion were identified using multivariate stepwise regression analysis.

RESULTS

The median intraoperative blood loss in our cohort was 23.1 ml/kg (IQR 10.0–60.0 ml/kg). In total, 284 (95.6%) patients received intraoperative RBC transfusion, with a median amount of 0.2 U/kg (IQR 0.0–2.6 U/kg). Age (β = −0.189; 95% CI [−1.359, −0.473]; p < 0.001); preoperative hemoglobin level (β = −0.141; 95% CI [−1.528, −0.332]; p = 0.003); anesthesia time (β = 0.189; 95% CI [0.098, 0.302]; p < 0.001); unclear tumor boundary (β = 0.100; 95% CI [2.067, 41.053]; p = 0.031); tumor size (β = 0.390; 95% CI [14.706, 24.342]; p < 0.001); and intraoperative continuous infusion of vasopressor (β = 0.155; 95% CI [13.364, 52.400]; p = 0.001) were independent predictors of intraoperative blood loss. Independent predictors of the need for RBC transfusion included age (β = −0.268; 95% CI [−0.007, −0.004]; p < 0.001); preoperative hemoglobin level (β = −0.117; 95% CI [−0.005, −0.001]; p = 0.003); anesthesia time (β = 0.221; 95% CI [0.001, 0.001]; p < 0.001); unclear tumor boundary (β = 0.110; 95% CI [0.024, 0.167]; p = 0.010); tumor size (β = 0.370; 95% CI [0.056, 0.092]; p < 0.001); intraoperative continuous infusion of vasopressor (β = 0.157; 95% CI [0.062, 0.205]; p < 0.001); and tumor grade (β = 0.107; 95% CI [0.007, 0.062]; p = 0.014).

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, age, preoperative hemoglobin, tumor size, anesthesia time, continuous infusion of vasopressors, and unclear tumor boundary were the main determinants for intraoperative blood loss and RBC transfusion in pediatric patients undergoing brain tumor removal.

Clinical trial registration no.: ChiCTR1900024803 (ChiCTR.org)
Cervicothoracic junction instrumentation strategies following separation surgery for spinal metastases
Authors: Chakravarthy Vikram B. , Hussain Ibrahim , Laufer Ilya , Goldberg Jacob L. , Reiner Anne S. , Villavieja Jemma , Newman William Christopher , Barzilai Ori , Bilsky Mark
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE

The cervicothoracic junction (CTJ) is a challenging region to stabilize after tumor resection for metastatic spine disease. The objective of this study was to describe the outcomes of patients who underwent posterolateral decompression and instrumented fusion (i.e., separation surgery across the CTJ for instability due to metastatic disease).

METHODS

The authors performed a single-institution retrospective study of a prospectively collected cohort of patients who underwent single-approach posterior decompression and instrumented fusion across the CTJ for metastatic spine disease between 2011 and 2018. Adult patients (≥ 18 years old) who presented with mechanical instability, myelopathy, and radiculopathy secondary to metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC) of the CTJ (C7–T1) from 2011 to 2018 were included.

RESULTS

Seventy-nine patients were included, with a mean age of 62.1 years. The most common primary malignancies were non–small cell lung (n = 17), renal cell (11), and prostate (8) carcinoma. The median number of levels decompressed and construct length were 3 and 7, respectively. The average operative time, blood loss, and length of stay were 179.2 minutes, 600.5 ml, and 7.7 days, respectively. Overall, 58 patients received adjuvant radiation, and median dose, fractions, and time from surgery were 27 Gy, 3 fractions, and 20 days, respectively. All patients underwent lateral mass and pedicle screw instrumentation. Forty-nine patients had tapered rods (4.0/5.5 mm or 3.5/5.5 mm), 29 had fixed-diameter rods (3.5 mm or 4.0 mm), and 1 had both. Ten patients required anterior reconstruction with poly-methyl-methacrylate. The overall complication rate was 18.8% (6 patients with wound-related complications, 7 with hardware-related complications, 1 with both, and 1 with other). For the 8 patients (10%) with hardware failure, 7 had tapered rods, all 8 had cervical screw pullout, and 1 patient also experienced rod/screw fracture. The average time to hardware failure was 146.8 days. The 2-year cumulative incidence rate of hardware failure was 11.1% (95% CI 3.7%–18.5%). There were 55 deceased patients, and the median (95% CI) overall survival period was 7.97 (5.79–12.60) months. For survivors, the median (range) follow-up was 12.94 (1.94–71.80) months.

CONCLUSIONS

Instrumented fusion across the CTJ demonstrated an 18.8% rate of postoperative complications and an 11% overall 2-year rate of hardware failure in patients who underwent metastatic epidural tumor decompression and stabilization.
Sustainable tourism: analysis of methods and applications in the Indonesian tourism journals
Authors:   Akademi Pariwisata Nasional Banjarmasin, Asmoro Agung Yoga ,   Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Satya Widya Surabaya, Cahyadi Hery Sigit ,   Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Bandung
Published: January 2023

This study departs from an observational study of sustainable tourism research articles published in the Indonesia tourism journals, which was analyzed by content analysis. This study aims to get a complete picture of what and how the manifestation of sustainable tourism research articles in Indonesia has been carried out, especially in methods and its applications. The authors found that tourism journals only occupied a small fraction (0.43%). Twenty-six tourism journals and 304 articles were identified. This study found that most methods used by sustainable tourism researchers generally replicate existing methods; there has been rarely development and or innovation of research methods. Qualitative research far outperforms quantitative and mixed methods, where descriptive qualitative research is the most significant. The application of the study is relatively evenly distributed on the dimensions of sustainable tourism and geographic area, but less on stakeholders and management functions. The authors conclude that the trend of sustainable tourism research published in Indonesian tourism journals is increasing. Tourism researchers are scattered from various parts of Indonesia, but tourism journals in Indonesia have not been able to attracted significant interest of the international research community yet. There has never been an assessment of the journal's methods and applications for sustainable tourism research in Indonesia. Therefore, this paper is beneficial as a reference for sustainable tourism researchers in the future.
International Legal Responses to the Protection of North Korean Escapees, including the Case of Mass Influx
Authors:   Korea Society of Unification & North Korean Law Studies(North Korean Law Society), Cho Jung-hyun
Published: January 2023

The current number of North Korean Escapees is much smaller than before, so the concern towards them does not seem to be so serious like before. However, the number may rise in any time in the future for any reasons, and some contingency situation may produce a mass influx of North Koreans into neighbouring countries.
Therefore, all the legal analyses applicable to the cases of North Korean Escapees are still required and need to be updated.
This paper first reviews their refugee status, including the issue of dual nationality, and tries to utilise international human rights regime for these cases. Then, overview of various national practices relating to the protection of North Korean Escapees is conducted. Lastly, this paper looks into ways of international cooperation and coordination to deal with the possible mass influx case.
In conclusion, most North Korean Escapees can be recognised as refugees under international refugee law, and, if not, they can at least be treated as humanitarian status holders. The question of dual nationality should be solved based on their free will and humanitarian consideration. For the limited purposes of refugee status determination, they need to be treated as North Koreans. As human beings, they can also be protected by various norms and mechanisms under international human rights law. At a contingency situation, ‘temporary protection’ may be provided to them as ‘displaced persons’ like in the EU, and more coordinated cooperation with UNHCR, IOM and neighbouring countries is critically needed.
A Study on Recent Legislative Changes in North-Korea
Authors:   Korea Society of Unification & North Korean Law Studies(North Korean Law Society), Ryu Jisung
Published: January 2023

This study aims to identify the implications for inter-Korean exchange and cooperation and the establishment of unification policy under the South Korean Constitution by observing changes in North Korean society based on the meaning and content of certain aspects of recently enacted or revised North Korean laws.
It was found that recent legislation in North Korea is in the process of forming a unique and special socialist rule of law state that is different from traditional socialist countries. In the early days of the establishment of political power in North Korea, laws were influenced by Marxism-Leninism before gradually evolving into the Juche ideology from the late 1960s onward during the Kim Ilsung regime.
During the mid-1990s under the Kim Jongil regime, North Korean laws fell under the influence of the military-first ideology, which is a de facto emergency system.
Furthermore, laws were frequently enacted by promoting law enactment project after Kim Jongun came to power in 2012, as the regime sought to “normalize the state” by revising the Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in 2019. Therefore, recent changes in North Korea's legal system raise certain implications when attempting to understand the current situation and forecast the future direction of change in North Korea. As North Korea is in a special situation, it is necessary to consider the special environment surrounding North Korea when attempting to understand changes in North Korea's legal system. In other words, to understand the ongoing changes in the legal system of North Korea, one must understand that the North has no choice but to pursue a policy of self-reliance, regime protection, and internal control due to the sanctions imposed against it, the blockade due to COVID-19, and the breakdown of the North Korea-US talks on denuclearization (the “Hanoi Talks”).…
Assessment of fuzzy logic approach for the prediction of dynamic stability on a mass-sliding belt experiment
Authors: Yavuz Akif , Sen Osman Taha
Published: January 2023

This study aims to investigate the predictability of a friction-induced nonlinear dynamic behavior on a simplified yet controlled laboratory experiment through the fuzzy logic approach. First, a mass-sliding belt experiment is built to observe the effects of several operating parameters on the occurrence of nonlinear dynamic behavior. Second, experiments are performed at various levels of these operating parameter, and the data are recorded. Third, fuzzy logic model architectures with different membership functions are built, where these operating parameters are assumed as the input parameters. The output of the fuzzy logic model architecture is defined as a new parameter called squeal index. Finally, a fuzzy logic model with a 96.97% prediction accuracy is obtained. Hence, it is shown that the proposed model can provide insight about the dynamic behavior of the system of interest without solving the nonlinear governing equations. Furthermore, the proposed model allows the prediction of the system state at operating conditions where experimentation is not possible, and it can be used for the determination of the critical operating parameters at which the system behavior switches from one state to another.
Shedding light on work-related and non-work-related hand injuries from the social work perspective
Authors: Is Enes Efe , Gudek Kemal , Oral Aydan , Sindel Dilsad
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND: Upper extremity injuries may cause not only physical but also serious social and psychological problems in workers. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare demographic and work-related features of persons with hand injuries who sustained a work-related or a non-work-related injury to gain insights into possible predisposing factors for work-related injuries as well as psychosocial consequences of hand injuries from the social work perspective. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted on 30 work-related and 30 non-work-related hand injury patients. The patients were evaluated using a questionnaire designed by the authors based on the principles of social work involving demographics, work-related features, thought-emotion-behaviour features, family and friend relationships, need for family support and professional psychosocial support. Survey data from both groups were statistically analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Fisher Exact test. RESULTS: When compared with the non-work-related hand injury group, the majority of the subjects of the work-related hand injury group were blue-collar workers (p = 0.003), had a lower level of education (p < 0.001), worked off-the-clock (p = 0.015), held the employer responsible for the accident (p < 0.001), needed more time to return to work (p = 0.014), were worried about the future (p = 0.045), and expressed loss of joy (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Hand injuries, regardless of their relation to work, lead to important psychosocial problems which need to be evaluated widely and carefully focusing on the patient and patient’s environment, work environment in this case.
How to reduce pesticide exposure in farmers: An interventional study
Authors: Cevik Celalettin , Ozdemir Raziye , Ari Sezgin
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND: Pesticide poisoning is a serious public health problem. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the effect of safe pesticide application training given to farmers on their behaviors towards compliance with protective measures. METHODS: In this interventional study, the target population was 9750 farmers living in Turkey. To achieve a study power of 95%, type I error and the effect size were assumed as 5% and 0.50 respectively. In the study, 61 farmers were selected using the systematic sampling method. Farmers were interviewed twice, before and after the training, and at each interview, they were asked questions about their pesticide use-related behaviors in the last four sprayings. In the analysis, the paired t-test, repeated measures of ANOVA (post hoc: Bonferroni) were used. RESULTS: The scores the participants obtained from the Pesticide Exposure Prevention Behavior Form which questions their compliance with protective measures taken during pesticide applications at the post-interview were significantly higher than were the scores they obtained at the pre-interview (P < 0.001). The analysis of the independent variables demonstrated that the scores obtained from the Pesticide Exposure Prevention Behavior Form at the post-interview were significantly different from those obtained at the pre-interview in almost all of the subgroups in terms of their sociodemographic characteristics. CONCLUSION: It was observed that the training given to the farmers on the safe use of pesticides encouraged the farmers to develop positive behavioral changes. The study emphasizes the importance of implementing ongoing health education programs for farmers.
Field test of two mobile apps for commercial fishing safety: Feedback from fishing vessel captains
Authors: Bulzacchelli Maria T. , Bellantoni Jenna M. , McCue-Weil Leigh , Dzugan Jerry
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND: Unique hazards make commercial fishing a hazardous occupation. Effective safety measures exist, but numerous barriers hinder their adoption. Two mobile apps aim to make performing crucial safety practices easier: the Small Craft Motion Program (SCraMP), which provides vessel stability information, and FVdrills, which provides checklists for running safety drills. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to obtain feedback from commercial fishing captains who tested SCraMP or FVdrills for its usefulness during typical fishing operations. METHODS: A convenience sample of commercial fishing captains with iOS devices tested either FVdrills or SCraMP. After one month, participants provided feedback via online questionnaire. The main outcome variables were self-reported app use and perceived usefulness of the app. RESULTS: Thirty-two participants who were asked to try FVdrills (n = 16) or SCraMP (n = 16) completed follow-up questionnaires. Twelve participants in the FVdrills group (75.0%) reported using the app. Of these 12, eight (66.7%) rated FVdrills “Very” or “Extremely” useful, and 11 (91.7%) agreed that FVdrills is “easy to use.” Nine participants in the SCraMP group (56.3%) reported using the app. Of these nine, only one participant (11.1%) rated SCraMP “Very” or “Extremely” useful and only two (22.2%) agreed that SCraMP is “Easy to use.” CONCLUSION: Commercial fishing captains who already own a smartphone or tablet may be willing to try a new mobile app addressing safety issues related to their work. App developers and safety professionals should conduct multiple rounds of formative evaluation, field-testing, and refinement to optimize ease of use and usefulness.