bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Connection between high pore-fluid pressure and frictional instability at tsunamigenic plate boundary fault of 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake
Authors: Jamali Hondori Ehsan , Park Jin-Oh
Published: August 2022

The 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake (M 9.0) rupture propagated along a shallow plate boundary thrust fault (i.e. decollement) to the trench, displaced the seafloor, and triggered a devastating tsunami. Physical properties of the underthrust sediments which control the rupture propagation are yet poorly known. We use a 2D seismic dataset to build velocity model for imaging and apply reverse time migration. We then calculate pore-fluid pressure along the decollement as the top boundary of underthrust sediments, and along the backstop interface as the boundary between undeformed structures in the continental plate and the severely deformed sediments in the accretionary prism. The results show that within horizontal distance of 40–22 km toward the trench, pore-fluid pressure is 82–60% higher than the hydrostatic pressure for both decollement and backstop interface. It then reduces to hydrostatic level for the backstop interface but remains 60–40% higher than hydrostatic level for the decollement, causing frictional instability in favor of fault rupture along the decollement. We report for the first time, by our knowledge, detailed seismic images of fluid-rich trapped bucket sediments, quantitative stress states, and fluid drainage conditions at shallow tsunamigenic portion of the Japan Trench, which are consistent with the seafloor and borehole observations.
Improving short-term water demand forecasting using evolutionary algorithms
Authors: Stańczyk Justyna , Kajewska-Szkudlarek Joanna , Lipiński Piotr , Rychlikowski Paweł
Published: August 2022

Modern solutions in water distribution systems are based on monitoring the quality and quantity of drinking water. Identifying the volume of water consumption is the main element of the tools embedded in water demand forecasting (WDF) systems. The crucial element in forecasting is the influence of random factors on the identification of water consumption, which includes, among others, weather conditions and anthropogenic aspects. The paper proposes an approach to forecasting water demand based on a linear regression model combined with evolutionary strategies to extract weekly seasonality and presents its results. A comparison is made between the author's model and solutions such as Support Vector Regression (SVR), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), and Random Forest (RF). The implemented daily forecasting procedure allowed to minimize the MAPE error to even less than 2% for water consumption at the water supply zone level, that is the District Metered Area (DMA). The conducted research may be implemented as a component of WDF systems in water companies, especially at the stage of data preprocessing with the main goal of improving short-term water demand forecasting.
The association between street connectivity and depression among older Japanese adults: the JAGES longitudinal study
Authors: Chen Yu-Ru , Hanazato Masamichi , Koga Chie , Ide Kazushige , Kondo Katsunori
Published: August 2022

Mental health is important in older age; neighborhood environment is considered a protective factor of depression. Research has established that a critical indicator of neighborhood environment, street connectivity, is related to older people's health. However, little is known about the relationship between street connectivity and depression. We examined the relationship between street connectivity and depression among older people. Using Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study 2013–2016, the target population comprised 24,141 independent older people without depression (Geriatric Depression Scale scores below 5) in 2013. The outcome variable was depression in 2016; the explanatory variable was street connectivity calculated by intersection density and space syntax within 800 m around the subject’s neighborhood in 2013. We used logistic regression analysis to calculate the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for the new occurrence of depression among participants in 2016. This analysis demonstrated incidence of new depression after 3 years that is 17% and 14% lower among participations living in high-intersection density and high-street-connectivity areas, respectively, than those living in low-intersection density and low-street-connectivity areas. The association held after adjusting for physical activities and social interaction. Given the established connection between street connectivity and mental health, the findings can contribute to healthy urban planning.
Burnout among psychotherapists: a cross-cultural value survey among 12 European countries during the coronavirus disease pandemic
Authors: Van Hoy Angelika , Rzeszutek Marcin , Pięta Małgorzata , Mestre Jose M. , Rodríguez-Mora Álvaro , Midgley Nick , Omylinska-Thurston Joanna , Dopierala Anna , Falkenström Fredrik , Ferlin Jennie , Gergov Vera , Lazić Milica , Ulberg Randi , Røssberg Jan Ivar , Hancheva Camellia , Stoyanova Stanislava , Schmidt Stefanie J. , Podina Ioana , Ferreira Nuno , Kagialis Antonios , Löffler-Stastka Henriette , Gruszczyńska Ewa
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to examine cross-cultural differences, as operationalized by Schwartz's refined theory of basic values, in burnout levels among psychotherapists from 12 European countries during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. We focused on the multilevel approach to investigate if individual- and country-aggregated level values could explain differences in burnout intensity after controlling for sociodemographic, work-related characteristics and COVID-19-related distress among participants. 2915 psychotherapists from 12 countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, Great Britain, Serbia, Spain, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, and Switzerland) participated in this study. The participants completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey, the revised version of the Portrait Values Questionnaire, and a survey questionnaire on sociodemographic, work-related factors and the COVID-19 related distress. In general, the lowest mean level of burnout was noted for Romania, whereas the highest mean burnout intensity was reported for Cyprus. Multilevel analysis revealed that burnout at the individual level was negatively related to self-transcendence and openness-to-change but positively related to self-enhancement and conservation values. However, no significant effects on any values were observed at the country level. Male sex, younger age, being single, and reporting higher COVID-19-related distress were significant burnout correlates. Burnout among psychotherapists may be a transcultural phenomenon, where individual differences among psychotherapists are likely to be more important than differences between the countries of their practice. This finding enriches the discussion on training in psychotherapy in an international context and draws attention to the neglected issue of mental health among psychotherapists in the context of their professional functioning.
Visualization of the distribution of covalently cross-linked hydrogels in CLARITY brain-polymer hybrids for different monomer concentrations
Authors: Malkovskiy Andrey V. , Tom Ariane , Joubert Lydia-Marie , Bao Zhenan
Published: August 2022

CLARITY is a tissue preservation and optical clearing technique whereby a hydrogel is formed directly within the architectural confines of ex vivo brain tissue. In this work, the extent of polymer gel formation and crosslinking within tissue was assessed using Raman spectroscopy and rheology on CLARITY samples prepared with a range of acrylamide monomer (AAm) concentrations (1%, 4%, 8%, 12% w/v). Raman spectroscopy of individual neurons within hybrids revealed the chemical presence and distribution of polyacrylamide within the mouse hippocampus. Consistent with rheological measurements, lower %AAm concentration decreased shear elastic modulus G’, providing a practical correlation with sample permeability and protein retention. Permeability of F(ab)’2 secondary fluorescent antibody changes from 9.3 to 1.4 µm2 s−1 going from 1 to 12%. Notably, protein retention increased linearly relative to standard PFA-fixed tissue from 96.6% when AAm concentration exceeded 1%, with 12% AAm samples retaining up to ~ 99.3% native protein. This suggests that though 1% AAm offers high permeability, additional %AAm may be required to enhance protein. Our quantitative results on polymer distribution, stability, protein retention, and macromolecule permeability can be used to guide the design of future CLARITY-based tissue-clearing solutions, and establish protocols for characterization of novel tissue-polymer hybrid biomaterials using chemical spectroscopy and rheology.
Hand constraint reduces brain activity and affects the speed of verbal responses on semantic tasks
Authors: Onishi Sae , Tobita Kunihito , Makioka Shogo
Published: August 2022

According to the theory of embodied cognition, semantic processing is closely coupled with body movements. For example, constraining hand movements inhibits memory for objects that can be manipulated with the hands. However, it has not been confirmed whether body constraint reduces brain activity related to semantics. We measured the effect of hand constraint on semantic processing in the parietal lobe using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. A pair of words representing the names of hand-manipulable (e.g., cup or pencil) or nonmanipulable (e.g., windmill or fountain) objects were presented, and participants were asked to identify which object was larger. The reaction time (RT) in the judgment task and the activation of the left intraparietal sulcus (LIPS) and left inferior parietal lobule (LIPL), including the supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus, were analyzed. We found that constraint of hand movement suppressed brain activity in the LIPS toward hand-manipulable objects and affected RT in the size judgment task. These results indicate that body constraint reduces the activity of brain regions involved in semantics. Hand constraint might inhibit motor simulation, which, in turn, would inhibit body-related semantic processing.
Investigating melanogenesis-related microRNAs as disease biomarkers in vitiligo
Authors: Abdallah Hoda Y. , Abdelhamid Noura R. , Mohammed Eman A. , AbdElWahab Nehal Y. , Tawfik Noha Z. , Gomaa Amal H. A. , Toraih Eman A. , Ellawindy Alia
Published: August 2022

Vitiligo is considered a disabling disease that affects physical, social, psychological, and occupational aspects of an individual's quality of life. The search for non-invasive and reliable biomarkers for vitiligo's early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment prediction is under intensive investigation. There is currently an emerging interest in employing miRNAs as biomarkers to predict vitiligo diagnosis and prognosis, inspired by the well-preserved nature of miRNAs in serum or plasma. In the current study, we assessed a panel of 20 melanogenesis pathway-related microRNAs (miRNAs) using quantitative real-time PCR technique in 85 non-segmental vitiligo (NSV) patients compared to 85 normal controls followed by function and pathway enrichment analysis for the miRNAs with significant results. Twelve out of the 20 circulating miRNAs showed significantly higher expression levels in vitiligo patients relative to controls where miR-423 show the highest expression level followed by miR-182, miR-106a, miR-23b, miR-9, miR-124, miR-130a, miR-203a, miR-181, miR-152, and miR-320a. While six miRNAs (miR-224, miR-148a, miR-137, and miR-7, miR-148b, miR-145, miR-374b, and miR-196b) didn’t show significant expression level. The analysis of the receiver operating curve indicated that miR-423, miR-106a, and miR-182 were outstanding biomarkers with the highest areas under the curve in vitiligo. This study is the first Egyptian study to investigate a panel of miRNAs expression profile in the plasma of patients with NSV. Our results suggest that specific circulating miRNAs signature might be implicated in vitiligo pathogenesis and could potentially be used as biomarkers in vitiligo.
Molecular cloning and functional analysis of a Chrysanthemum vestitum GME homolog that enhances drought tolerance in transgenic tobacco
Authors: Li Jingjing , Xu Hongyuan , Li Xiaoyu , Wang Lijun , Wang Xuan , Liu Yanqing , Ma Yueping
Published: August 2022

GDP-mannose 3, 5-epimerase (GME, EC 5.1.3.18), a key enzyme in the ascorbic acid synthesis pathway, catalyzes the conversion of GDP-D-mannose to GDP-l-galactose in higher plants. Here, a homolog of GME was isolated from Chrysanthemum vestitum. The cDNA sequence of CvGME was 1131 bp and contained a complete open reading frame encoding a protein comprising 376 amino acids. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that CvGME was most highly expressed in the stems and roots. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CvGME was closely related to LsGME from Lactuca sativa. Subcellular localization studies revealed that CvGME was localized in the nucleus. Heterologous expression of CvGME in transgenic tobacco plants increased the ascorbic acid content in the leaves. In addition, overexpression of CvGME reduced the malondialdehyde content and increased superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity in tobacco leaves compared to those in the wild-type plants under drought stress conditions, explaining the increased drought tolerance of transgenic tobacco lines. These results suggest that CvGME can effectively enhance the tolerance of plants to drought by increasing the ascorbic acid content, which may help improve the drought tolerance of chrysanthemums through molecular breeding.
Clinical assessment of T2 papillary thyroid carcinoma: a retrospective study conducted at a single tertiary institution
Authors: Kim Hyesung , Kim Kwangsoon , Bae Ja Seong , Kim Jeong Soo
Published: August 2022

The extent of surgery among patients with T2 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains controversial. Thus, we herein aimed to evaluate the risk factors for recurrence, particularly based on the extent of surgery, among patients with T2 PTC at a single tertiary institution. We assessed 251 patients who underwent thyroid surgery for T2 PTC from January 2009 to December 2014 at Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital (Seoul, Korea). The mean follow-up duration was 100.7 months. Eleven (4.4%) patients had recurrence. The recurrence rates did not significantly differ in terms of the extent of surgery (p = 0.868). Patients with a high lymph node ratio (LNR) had a significantly higher recurrence rate than those with a low LNR (p < 0.001). According to a recurrence pattern analysis, five of six patients in the lobectomy group had recurrence in the ipsilateral lateral compartment. A multivariate analysis revealed that a high LNR was a significant risk factor for recurrence (hazard ratio: 11.025, p = 0.002). Our results suggest that patients without clinical evidence of any lymph node metastases and those with limited lesions in the thyroid gland can undergo lobectomy and LNR can serve as an independent risk factor for predicting recurrence in T2 PTC.
Suppression of colonic oxidative stress caused by chronic ethanol administration and attenuation of ethanol-induced colitis and gut leakiness by oral administration of sesaminol in mice
Authors: Ohira Hideo , Oikawa Daiki , Kurokawa Yoichi , Aoki Yuichi , Omura Ayano , Kiyomoto Kunio , Nakagawa Wao , Mamoto Rie , Fujioka Yoshio , Nakayama Toru
Published: August 2022

Sesaminol may lower the risk of ethanol-related colorectal cancer by suppressing ethanol-induced oxidative stress in the colon as well as gut leakiness.
Five-fold symmetry in Au–Si metallic glass
Authors: He Chang-Chun , Xu Shao-Gang , Qiu Shao-Bin , He Chao , Zhao Yu-Jun , Yang Xiao-Bao , Xu Hu
Published: August 2022

The first metallic glass of Au–Si alloy lacks long-range order due to the dense local minima, while the surface structure of Au-Si alloy is ordered for the steep energy landscape has a global minima.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-alkyl sulfonamides derived from polycyclic hydrocarbon scaffolds using a nitrogen-centered radical approach
Authors: Hopkins Megan D. , Witt Ryan C. , Flusche Ann Marie E. , Philo John E. , Ozmer Garett L. , Purser Gordon H. , Sheaff Robert J. , Lamar Angus A.
Published: August 2022

New methods for installation of a N-sulfonyl unit into PH scaffolds via a N-centered radical approach have been developed. Synthesized PH sulfonamides have been screened against mammalian cell lines and bacterial strains for biological activity.
A dual initiator approach for oxygen tolerant RAFT polymerization
Authors: Taylor Nicholas G. , Reis Marcus H. , Varner Travis P. , Rapp Johann L. , Sarabia Alexis , Leibfarth Frank A.
Published: August 2022

A broadly applicable approach to oxygen tolerant RAFT polymerization is reported by leveraging the synergistic combination of two radical initiators to provide temporal control over radical flux during polymerization.
Organic carboxylate salt-enabled alternative synthetic routes for bio-functional cyclic carbonates and aliphatic polycarbonates
Authors: Watanabe Yuya , Takaoka Shunya , Haga Yuta , Kishi Kohei , Hakozaki Shunta , Narumi Atsushi , Kato Takashi , Tanaka Masaru , Fukushima Kazuki
Published: August 2022

A cyclic carbonate with an ammonium carboxylate residue was found to serve as a nucleophile for esterification with alkyl bromides via the SN2 mechanism.
Na3B6O10(HCOO): an ultraviolet nonlinear optical sodium borate-formate
Authors: Zhang Yi-Nan , Li Qing-Fen , Chen Bing-Ben , Lan You-Zhao , Cheng Jian-Wen , Yang Guo-Yu
Published: August 2022

A new sodium borate-formate, which displays a pcu-type open framework and ultraviolet nonlinear optical properties, has been synthesized under surfactant-thermal conditions.
Copper catalyzed cyano-sulfonylation of allenes via the insertion of sulfur dioxide toward the synthesis of (E)-α-cyanomethyl vinylsulfones
Authors: Li Yue , Zhang Xuemei , Lian Zhong
Published: August 2022

An efficient and practical method for highly regio- and stereo-selective cyanosulfonylation of allenes by inserting sulfur dioxide to synthesize useful (E)-α-cyanomethyl vinylsulfones has been explored.
Cobalt-catalyzed carbonylative synthesis of free (NH)-tetrahydro-β-carbolinones from tryptamine derivatives
Authors: Zhu Yiwen , Guo Binghu , Gao Shenkui , Ying Jun , Wu Xiao-Feng
Published: August 2022

A new cobalt-catalyzed carbonylative synthesis of free (NH)-tetrahydro-β-carbolinones from tryptamine derivatives has been developed. A variety of free (NH)-tetrahydro-β-carbolinones were produced in good yields. The oxidant, silver salt, can be recycled and reused.
Determination of heavy metals in water using an FTO electrode modified with CeO2/rGO nanoribbons prepared by an electrochemical method
Authors: Zhao Nan , Ren Lu , Du Guangyi , Liu Jing , You Xueqiu
Published: August 2022

The rGO/CeO2/FTO nanocomposite modified electrode was prepared by an electrochemical method.
Fluorine in metal-catalyzed asymmetric transformations: the lightest halogen causing a massive effect
Authors: Lauzon Samuel , Ollevier Thierry
Published: August 2022

This review provides an overview of the most significant applications of fluorine-tagged ligands, including metal–ligand interactions, structure–reactivity relationships, and transition state models, in metal-catalyzed asymmetric transformations.
Molecular nanoribbon gels
Authors: Martínez-Abadía Marta , Dubey Rajeev K. , Fernández Mercedes , Martín-Arroyo Miguel , Aguirresarobe Robert , Saeki Akinori , Mateo-Alonso Aurelio
Published: August 2022

Herein, we show that twisted molecular nanoribbons with as many as 322 atoms in the aromatic core are efficient gelators capable of self-assembling into ordered π-gels with morphologies and sol–gel transitions that vary with the length of the nanoribbon.
Arylboron functional covalent organic frameworks for synergistic photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wu Xuan , Zhang Mingcai , Xia Yusong , Ru Chenglong , Chen Peiyan , Zhao Hao , Zhou Lian , Gong Chenliang , Wu Jincai , Pan Xiaobo
Published: August 2022

The synergistic catalytic effect of arylboron and β-ketoenamine double acceptors in the novel arylboron functional COF improves the efficiency of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Correction: Composition control of conformal crystalline GeSbTe films by atomic layer deposition supercycles and tellurization annealing
Authors: Kim Yewon , Kim Kwonyoung , Kim Okhyeon , Park Chang Yup , Koo Dong Geon , Ahn Dong-Ho , Kuh Bong Jin , Lee Won-Jun
Published: August 2022

Correction for ‘Composition control of conformal crystalline GeSbTe films by atomic layer deposition supercycles and tellurization annealing’ by Yewon Kim et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2022, 10, 9691–9698, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TC00784C.
A comprehensive analysis on a novel DC‐Excited Flux‐Switching Linear Motor as a new linear vehicle for transportation systems
Authors: Farhadi Ali , Yousefi Hossein , Noorollahi Younes , Hajinezhad Ahmad
Published: August 2022

A novel DC‐Excited Flux‐Switching Linear Motor (DC‐FSLM) is investigated in this paper, where a simple secondary is used as the machine stator. The phases and excitation windings are placed on the primary, which contributes to a low‐cost and simple structure linear motor with acceptable dynamic performance. The motor operation under dynamic load is analysed by a parametric Magnetic Equivalent Circuit (MEC), and the core saturation is modelled by the non‐linear reluctance of the flux tubes. Moreover, the end‐effect is considered by virtual zones at both entrance and exit ends of the primary. In the considered MEC, the model accuracy can be selected as desired as well as different DC‐FSLMs with various properties can be modelled. Finally, the machine capabilities and performance characteristics are discussed by simulation results, and validation is performed by the Finite Element Method (FEM).
A risk‐averse multiyear framework for resilience improvement planning of active distribution networks against hurricanes
Authors: Faramarzi Davoud , Rastegar Hasan , Riahy Gholam H. , Doagou‐Mojarrad Hasan
Published: August 2022

This paper proposes a risk‐averse strategy for resilience improvement multiyear planning for distribution networks against hurricanes, considering the uncertainty of load demand and wind power generation. For resilience enhancement, DG placement and line hardening are regarded as planning measures, and DG rescheduling, topology reconfiguration, microgrid forming, and priority‐based load curtailment are considered as operational measures. The most conservative scenario is considered for modelling the high‐impact/low‐probability (HILP) event's impacts. Besides, the information‐gap decision theory (IGDT) is utilized to acquire a robust solution protected against the different realization of uncertain variables. As the uncertain loads and wind power generation competitively tend to maximize their robust regions for a particular value of the budget of uncertainty, the ε‐constraint method is applied to solve the proposed multi‐objective IGDT‐based resilience‐oriented distribution network planning (RODNP) model. Afterwards, fuzzy decision‐making is exploited to find the best solution among Pareto optimal solutions. The proposed risk‐averse strategy is implemented on IEEE 33‐bus test system, and various case studies are analyzed to demonstrate the proficiency of the approach. The results indicate that the proposed risk‐averse strategy can optimally find the hardening schemes to achieve a resilient distribution network in a medium‐term planning horizon with a yearly limited monetary budget.
A new scheme of target detection for pulse Doppler radar in interrupted sampling repeater jamming environment
Authors: Zhang Yu , Jiu Bo , Peng Xiaojun , Liu Hongwei , Jiang Wenqi
Published: August 2022

Research on the anti‐jamming target detection for pulsed Doppler (PD) radar is intensively important to the normal work of radar in complicated and volatile electromagnetic environments. Generally, traditional anti‐jamming target detection methods involve several stages, each one of these stages is based on a model. Due to the issues of poor flexibility caused by multi‐stage processing and model mismatch caused by model‐based methods, the detection performance will be severely decreased. Therefore, a new target detection scheme for PD radar in an Interrupted‐Sampling Repeater Jamming (ISRJ) environment is proposed, which is a dual‐driven method of model and data. This innovative solution first achieves energy accumulation on the Doppler channel by a model‐driven method, then proposes a series of preprocessing methods to process radar signals to adapt to a data‐driven Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) detector. Finally, a CNN detector structure is proposed. The effectiveness of this novel scheme is demonstrated by a series of performance and visualisation experiments.
The He I λ10830 Å line as a probe of winds and accretion in young stars in Lupus and Upper Scorpius
Authors: Erkal J. , Manara C. F. , Schneider P. C. , Vincenzi M. , Nisini B. , Coffey D. , Alcalá J. M. , Fedele D. , Antoniucci S.
Published: August 2022

Context. The He I λ0830 Å line is a high excitation line which allows us to probe the material in the innermost regions of protostellar disks, and to trace both accreting and outflowing material simultaneously.

Aims. We use X-shooter observations of a sample of 107 young stars in the Lupus (1–3 Myr) and Upper Scorpius (5–10 Myr) star-forming regions to search for correlations between the line properties, as well as the disk inclination and accretion luminosity.

Methods. We identified eight distinct profile types in the sample. We fitted Gaussian curves to the absorption and/or emission features in the line to measure the maximum velocities traced in absorption, the full-width half-maximum (FWHM) of the line features, and the Gaussian area of the features.

Results. We compare the proportion of each profile type in our sample to previous studies in Taurus. We find significant variations between Taurus and Lupus in the proportion of P Cygni and inverse P Cygni profiles, and between Lupus and Upper Scorpius in the number of emission-only and combination profile types. We examine the emission-only profiles in our sample individually and find that most sources (nine out of 12) with emission-only profiles are associated with known jets. When examining the absorption features, we find that the blue-shifted absorption features appear less blue-shifted at disk inclinations close to edge-on, which is in line with past works, but no such trend with inclination is observed in the sources with only red-shifted features. Additionally, we do not see a strong correlation between the FWHM and inclination. Higher accretion rates were observed in sources with strong blue-shifted features which, along with the changes in the proportions of each profile type observed in the two regions, indicates that younger sources may drive stronger jets or winds.

Conclusions. Overall, we observe variations in the proportion of each He I λ10830 Å profile type and in the line properties which indicates an evolution of accretion and ejection signatures over time, and with source properties. These results confirm past works and models of the He I λ10830 Å line, but for a larger sample and for multiple star-forming regions. This work highlights the power of the He I λ0830 Å line as a probe of the gas in the innermost regions of the disk.
Plasmons polaritons de surface
Authors: Moreau Julien , Lartigue Lionel
Published: August 2022

La plasmonique est l’étude de l’interaction entre les électrons libres d’un métal et la lumière. Les plasmons polaritons de surface sont des modes plasmoniques localisés au niveau d’une interface entre un métal et un diélectrique. Ces ondes évanescentes, qui peuvent être obtenues expérimentalement par différentes approches, ont des propriétés de confinement du champ électrique qui trouvent de nombreuses applications dans le domaine des capteurs et de la spectroscopie.
Einflussfaktoren auf die Vergütungshöhe deutscher
Klinikmanager – eine Querschnittanalyse anhand von
Umfragedaten
Authors: Heber Robin
Published: August 2022

Zielsetzung Identifizierung von Einflussfaktoren auf die Höhe der
Vergütung deutscher Krankenhausmanager.

Methodik Grundlage bildet eine standardisierte schriftliche Befragung unter
deutschen Klinikmanagern (n=250). Mittels Regressionsanalyse wurde der
Zusammenhang zwischen dem Gehalt der Manager im Jahr 2020 und verschiedenen
potenziellen Einflussvariablen untersucht.

Ergebnisse Signifikante Treiber des Gehalts sind die
Krankenhausgröße und -art, Führungserfahrung, eine
ärztliche Qualifikation, die Besetzung der obersten Leitungsebene,
variable Gehaltsbestandteile, der Stellenwert der Vergütung für
die Manager und ein positives Jahresergebnis.

Schlussfolgerung Der Einfluss klassischer Determinanten der
Vergütungshöhe, wie Erfahrung, Qualifikation, wirtschaftliche
Verantwortung oder Performanz, konnte erstmalig für den Bereich des
Krankenhausmanagements empirisch bestätigt werden.
Endoscopic Treatment of a Severe Vaginal Stenosis Following Battery Insertion in an 11-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Guanà Riccardo , Carpino Andrea , Garbagni Giuseppe , Morchio Cecilia , Garofalo Salvatore , Pane Alessandro , Scottoni Federico , Zambaiti Elisa , Perucca Giulia , Madonia Elena , Gennari Fabrizio
Published: August 2022

Acquired vaginal strictures are rare entities in children. As a result, they are generally difficult to manage and tend to recur despite appropriate initial therapy. This case study reports the staged management of vaginal stenosis following the insertion of a button battery. In this case, an 11-year-old girl experienced at 4 years old a battery insertion in the vaginal canal by her neighbor's son, who was 6-year-old at the time. Two weeks from insertion, the parents noted the foreign body discharge spontaneously. The girl had not complained of any symptoms at the time and had been asymptomatic for many years. In November 2020, she came to the emergency department reporting cramping abdominal pain accompanied by mucopurulent discharge. An abdominal ultrasound showed the presence of hematometrocolpos, and a vaginal stenosis dilation under general anesthesia was performed the following day. After 3 weeks, the stenosis was still present, preventing the passage of Hegar number 4. The girl was subjected to a vaginoscopic stenosis resection utilizing a monopolar hook passed through an operative channel. A Bakri catheter filled with 120 mL of water was left in place. After 10 days, the girl was discharged home with the Bakri inserted. Two weeks after discharge, she was reevaluated in the outpatient setting, where the Bakri was removed with no signs of residual stenosis. Acquired vaginal stenosis could be demanding to treat, particularly with the sole conservative approach. A first-line option can be the Hegar dilation. The endoscopic approach can be a second-line, minimally invasive treatment, but long-term outcomes are difficult to predict.
Visible-Light-Induced Iron Group Metal Catalysis: Recent Developments in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Yin Changzhen , Wang Miao , Cai Zhenxi , Yuan Bojun , Hu Peng
Published: August 2022

One central research goal for modern organic chemistry in society is to develop sustainable synthetic methodologies. Visible-light-induced transformations that apply earth-abundant metals as catalysts are a good reply to this concern. In this short review, recent developments of organic photocatalysis applying iron group metal catalysts (Fe, Co, Ni) are discussed. Reaction types, the catalyst details, and mechanisms are introduced.

1 Introduction

2 Visible-Light-Induced Fe-Catalyzed Reactions

3 Visible-Light-Induced Co-Catalyzed Reactions

4 Visible-Light-Induced Ni-Catalyzed Reactions

5 Summary
Biocatalytic One-Carbon Transfer – A Review
Authors: Müller Michael , Germer Philipp , Andexer Jennifer N.
Published: August 2022

This review provides an overview of different C1 building blocks as substrates of enzymes, or part of their cofactors, and the resulting­ functionalized products. There is an emphasis on the broad range of possibilities of biocatalytic one-carbon extensions with C1 sources of different oxidation states. The identification of uncommon biosynthetic strategies, many of which might serve as templates for synthetic or biotechnological applications, towards one-carbon extensions is supported by recent genomic and metabolomic progress and hence we refer principally to literature spanning from 2014 to 2020.

1 Introduction

2 Methane, Methanol, and Methylamine

3 Glycine

4 Nitromethane

5 SAM and SAM Ylide

6 Other C1 Building Blocks

7 Formaldehyde and Glyoxylate as Formaldehyde Equivalents

8 Cyanide

9 Formic Acid

10 Formyl-CoA and Oxalyl-CoA

11 Carbon Monoxide

12 Carbon Dioxide

13 Conclusions
A new uniform framework of source attribution in forensic science
Authors: Li Zhihui , Liu Yao , Hu Xiyuan , Wang Guiqiang
Published: August 2022

Scientific principles of forensic source identification have attracted widespread interest in recent years. Among those presented principles and theorems, the Bayes inference was regarded as one of the most scientific principles. In this paper, we argue that the Bayes theorem is in challenge when used as principal basis for forensic source identification. Furthermore, two novel concepts: feature-matching value and feature-matching identification value are proposed inspired by the basic ideas of information theory. Based on these two concepts, a new framework is established to describe the source identification principles of forensic science. The proposed source identification principle uses deduction logic structure, and unifies the three existing source identification paradigms. The newly proposed framework is expected to provide a solid scientific basis for the source attribution methods in forensic science.
Generalized multistability and its control in a laser
Authors: Meucci Riccardo , Marc Ginoux Jean , Mehrabbeik Mahtab , Jafari Sajad , Clinton Sprott Julien
Published: August 2022

We revisit the laser model with cavity loss modulation, from which evidence of chaos and generalized multistability was discovered in 1982. Multistability refers to the coexistence of two or more attractors in nonlinear dynamical systems. Despite its relative simplicity, the adopted model shows us how the multistability depends on the dissipation of the system. The model is then tested under the action of a secondary sinusoidal perturbation, which can remove bistability when a suitable relative phase is chosen. The surviving attractor is the one with less dissipation. This control strategy is particularly useful when one of the competing attractors is a chaotic attractor.
Polygonal boundary gaps in multiple diffusion source precipitation systems in gel media
Authors: Ezzeddine Dalia , Sultan Rabih
Published: August 2022

We investigate multiple reaction–diffusion processes that engender the formation of distinct precipitation zones. In this paper, we carry out various original precipitation reactions in a gel medium, wherein the interdiffusion of the co-precipitates occurs from various sources arranged in a symmetric framework in 2D Petri dishes. The distinct precipitation zones are separated by clear polygonal boundaries, in congruence with the spatial distribution of the diffusion holes hosting the outer electrolyte. We use scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray diffraction spectrometry, and notably powder x-ray diffraction for the characterization of the differentiated precipitate patterning zones for each system studied. The obtained patterns find their application niche in the chemical analogs of Voronoi diagrams and the rift scenery in geological landscapes.
A rheological characterization of synthetic detergent formulations
Authors: Ciccone Giuseppe , Skopalik Simeon , Smart Claire , Gezgin Senol , Ridland David , Paul Manosh C. , Noriega Escobar María del Pilar , Tassieri Manlio
Published: August 2022

Soap bars offer a valuable alternative to liquid soaps and their market is flourishing in response to society's commitment to the Green Economy and sustainable products. The advent of synthetic detergent (syndet) “soap” formulations has opened markets for products such as shampoo, conditioner, and facial bars. However, their processability has been revealed to be less controllable than conventional fatty acid-based soaps. In this work, we present a rheological characterization of a set of syndet formulations as a function of both their moisture content and of a compressional stress applied perpendicularly to the shear deformation, as experienced by the materials within extruders during the production process. The main outcome of our investigation reveals that syndet shows a significant stiffening when subjected to compressional stress and a slight reduction of the yield stress as a function of the moisture content. In particular, we report that, within the instrumental limits of applicable normal stresses (i.e., from ∼1  to ∼300 kPa), both the linear viscoelastic moduli of syndets and their yield stress increase by two orders of magnitude; thus, potentially explaining the difficulties encountered during their production.
Quantum Berezinian for a strange Lie superalgebra
Authors: Nazarov Maxim
Published: August 2022

We introduce a new family of central elements of the Yangian of the queer Lie superalgebra q1.
A semi-extensive management system reduces plasma testosterone concentrations, sexual behaviour and sperm production in male goats from subtropical latitudes
Authors: García-Cruz O. U. , Tejada L. M. , Flores M. J. , Nava-Rivera L. E. , López-Magaña N. , Hernández H. , Keller M. , Chemineau P. , Santiago-Moreno J. , Delgadillo J. A.
Published: August 2022

Context In subtropical latitudes, most goats are managed in semi-extensive management systems, eating only available vegetation. Underfeeding is common during the dry season and may reduce the endocrine and sexual activities of male goats. Aims The aim of the study was to determine plasma testosterone concentrations, sexual behaviour and sperm production of male goats kept in a semi-extensive management system for 12 months, from March to February. Methods Control males were placed indoors and were well nourished (n = 5). Experimental males were placed in a flock and grazed daily with females for 7 h, eating only natural vegetation (n = 5). Experimental males were fitted with an apron to prevent mating during the study. Plasma testosterone concentrations were determined every 2 weeks. Sexual behaviour and sperm production were determined in May and June (beginning of breeding season), August and October (middle of season), and November and December (end of season). Key results Plasma testosterone concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) in control than experimental males in June and from August to December. The percentage of males refusing to ejaculate was lower (P < 0.05) in control than experimental males throughout the study. Total number of spermatozoa per ejaculate was higher (P < 0.05) in control than experimental males in May, June, November and December. Sperm progressive motility was higher (P < 0.05) in control than experimental males in May and June and from October to December. Conclusions The results indicate that male goats in a semi-extensive management system have lower plasma testosterone concentrations, sexual behaviour, and sperm quantitative and qualitative production than those in a confined management system. Implications Nutritional supplementation may improve the endocrine and sexual activity of male goats in semi-extensive management systems.
Sex differences in the functional topography of association networks in youth
Authors: Shanmugan Sheila , Seidlitz Jakob , Cui Zaixu , Adebimpe Azeez , Bassett Danielle S. , Bertolero Maxwell A. , Davatzikos Christos , Fair Damien A. , Gur Raquel E. , Gur Ruben C. , Larsen Bart , Li Hongming , Pines Adam , Raznahan Armin , Roalf David R. , Shinohara Russell T. , Vogel Jacob , Wolf Daniel H. , Fan Yong , Alexander-Bloch Aaron , Satterthwaite Theodore D.
Published: August 2022

Prior work has shown that there is substantial interindividual variation in the spatial distribution of functional networks across the cerebral cortex, or functional topography. However, it remains unknown whether there are sex differences in the topography of individualized networks in youth. Here, we leveraged an advanced machine learning method (sparsity-regularized non-negative matrix factorization) to define individualized functional networks in 693 youth (ages 8 to 23 y) who underwent functional MRI as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. Multivariate pattern analysis using support vector machines classified participant sex based on functional topography with 82.9% accuracy (
P
< 0.0001). Brain regions most effective in classifying participant sex belonged to association networks, including the ventral attention, default mode, and frontoparietal networks. Mass univariate analyses using generalized additive models with penalized splines provided convergent results. Furthermore, transcriptomic data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas revealed that sex differences in multivariate patterns of functional topography were spatially correlated with the expression of genes on the X chromosome. These results highlight the role of sex as a biological variable in shaping functional topography.
Noradrenaline activation of hippocampal dopamine D
1
receptors promotes antidepressant effects
Authors: Kobayashi Katsunori , Shikano Kisako , Kuroiwa Mahomi , Horikawa Mio , Ito Wakana , Nishi Akinori , Segi-Nishida Eri , Suzuki Hidenori
Published: August 2022

Dopamine D
1
receptors (D
1
Rs) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) are essential for antidepressant effects. However, the midbrain dopaminergic neurons, the major source of dopamine in the brain, only sparsely project to DG, suggesting possible activation of DG D
1
Rs by endogenous substances other than dopamine. We have examined this possibility using electrophysiological and biochemical techniques and found robust activation of D
1
Rs in mouse DG neurons by noradrenaline. Noradrenaline at the micromolar range potentiated synaptic transmission at the DG output and increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase A substrates in DG via activation of D
1
Rs and β adrenergic receptors. Neuronal excitation preferentially enhanced noradrenaline-induced synaptic potentiation mediated by D
1
Rs with minor effects on β-receptor–dependent potentiation. Increased voluntary exercise by wheel running also enhanced noradrenaline-induced, D
1
R-mediated synaptic potentiation, suggesting a distinct functional role of the noradrenaline–D
1
R signaling. We then examined the role of this signaling in antidepressant effects using mice exposed to chronic restraint stress. In the stressed mice, an antidepressant acting on the noradrenergic system induced a mature-to-immature change in the DG neuron phenotype, a previously proposed cellular substrate for antidepressant action. This effect was evident only in mice subjected to wheel running and blocked by a D
1
R antagonist. These results suggest a critical role of noradrenaline-induced activation of D
1
Rs in antidepressant effects in DG. Experience-dependent regulation of noradrenaline–D
1
R signaling may determine responsiveness to antidepressant drugs in depressive disorders.
Mapping developmental regionalization and patterns of cortical surface area from 29 post-menstrual weeks to 2 years of age
Authors: Huang Ying , Wu Zhengwang , Wang Fan , Hu Dan , Li Tengfei , Guo Lei , Wang Li , Lin Weili , Li Gang
Published: August 2022

Surface area of the human cerebral cortex expands extremely dynamically and regionally heterogeneously from the third trimester of pregnancy to 2 y of age, reflecting the spatial heterogeneity of the underlying microstructural and functional development of the cerebral cortex. However, little is known about the developmental patterns and regionalization of cortical surface area during this critical stage, due to the lack of high-quality imaging data and accurate computational tools for pediatric brain MRI data. To fill this critical knowledge gap, by leveraging 1,037 high-quality MRI scans with the age between 29 post-menstrual weeks and 24 mo from 735 pediatric subjects in two complementary datasets, i.e., the Baby Connectome Project (BCP) and the developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP), and state-of-the-art dedicated image-processing tools, we unprecedentedly parcellate the cerebral cortex into a set of distinct subdivisions purely according to the developmental patterns of the cortical surface. Our discovered developmentally distinct subdivisions correspond well to structurally and functionally meaningful regions and reveal spatially contiguous, hierarchical, and bilaterally symmetric patterns of early cortical surface expansion. We also show that high-order association subdivisions, where cortical folds emerge later during prenatal stages, undergo more dramatic cortical surface expansion during infancy, compared with the central regions, especially the sensorimotor and insula cortices, thus forming a distinct central-pole division in early cortical surface expansion. These results provide an important reference for exploring and understanding dynamic early brain development in health and disease.
Large-scale distributed linear algebra with tensor processing units
Authors: Lewis Adam G. M. , Beall Jackson , Ganahl Martin , Hauru Markus , Mallick Shrestha Basu , Vidal Guifre
Published: August 2022

We have repurposed Google tensor processing units (TPUs), application-specific chips developed for machine learning, into large-scale dense linear algebra supercomputers. The TPUs’ fast intercore interconnects (ICIs), physically two-dimensional network topology, and high-bandwidth memory (HBM) permit distributed matrix multiplication algorithms to rapidly become computationally bound. In this regime, the matrix-multiply units (MXUs) dominate the runtime, yielding impressive scaling, performance, and raw size: Operating in float32 precision, a full 2,048-core pod of third-generation TPUs can multiply two matrices with linear sizeN=220=1,048,576in about 2 min. Via curated algorithms emphasizing large, single-core matrix multiplications, other tasks in dense linear algebra can similarly scale. As examples, we present 1) QR decomposition; 2) resolution of linear systems; and 3) the computation of matrix functions by polynomial iteration, demonstrated by the matrix polar factorization.
Structural basis of higher order oligomerization of KSHV inhibitor of cGAS
Authors: Bhowmik Debipreeta , Tian Yuan , Wang Bing , Zhu Fanxiu , Yin Qian
Published: August 2022

Kaposi's sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) inhibitor of cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS) (KicGAS) encoded by ORF52 is a conserved major tegument protein of KSHV and the first reported viral inhibitor of cGAS. In our previous study, we found that KicGAS is highly oligomerized in solution and that oligomerization is required for its cooperative DNA binding and for inhibiting DNA-induced phase separation and activation of cGAS. However, how KicGAS oligomerizes remained unclear. Here, we present the crystal structure of KicGAS at 2.5 Å resolution, which reveals an “L”-shaped molecule with each arm of the L essentially formed by a single α helix (α1 and α2). Antiparallel dimerization of α2 helices from two KicGAS molecules leads to a unique “Z”-shaped dimer. Surprisingly, α1 is also a dimerization domain. It forms a parallel dimeric leucine zipper with the α1 from a neighboring dimer, leading to the formation of an infinite chain of KicGAS dimers. Residues involved in leucine zipper dimer formation are among the most conserved residues across ORF52 homologs of gammaherpesviruses. The self-oligomerization increases the valence and cooperativity of interaction with DNA. The resultant multivalent interaction is critical for the formation of liquid condensates with DNA and consequent sequestration of DNA from being sensed by cGAS, explaining its role in restricting cGAS activation. The structure presented here not only provides a mechanistic understanding of the function of KicGAS but also informs a molecular target for rational design of antivirals against KSHV and related viruses.