bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High prevalence of unusualKRAS,NRAS, andBRAFmutations inPOLE‐hypermutated colorectal cancers
Authors: Favre Loetitia , Cohen Justine , Calderaro Julien , Pécriaux Adrien , Nguyen Cong‐Trung , Bourgoin Rémi , Larnaudie Laura , Dupuy Aurélie , Ollier Marie , Lechapt Emmanuèle , Sloma Ivan , Tournigand Christophe , Rousseau Benoit , Pujals Anaïs
Published: May 2022

Exonucleasic domainPOLE(edPOLE) mutations, which are responsible for a hypermutated tumor phenotype, occur in 1–2% of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases. These alterations represent an emerging biomarker for response to immune checkpoint blockade. This study aimed to assess the molecular characteristics of edPOLE‐mutated tumors to facilitate patient screening. Based on opensource data analysis, we compared the prevalence of edPOLEmutations in a control group of unselected CRC patients (n = 222) vs a group enriched for unusualBRAF/RASmutations (n = 198). Tumor mutational burden (TMB) and immune infiltrate of tumors harboring edPOLEmutations were then analyzed. In total, 420 CRC patients were analyzed: 11 edPOLE‐mutated tumors were identified, most frequently in microsatellite (MMR)‐proficient young (< 70 years) male patients, with left‐sided tumors harboring noncodon 12KRASmutation. The prevalence of edPOLE‐mutated tumors in the control vs the experimental screening group was, respectively, 0.45% (n = 1) vs 5.0% (n = 10). Among the 11 edPOLE‐mutated cases, two had a low TMB, three were hypermutated, and six were ultramutated. EdPOLE‐mutated cases had a high CD8+tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) infiltration. These clinicopathological and molecular criteria may help to identify edPOLEmutations associated with a high TMB in CRC, and improve the selection of patients who could benefit from immunotherapy.
An Ultra‐Strong, Water Stable and Antimicrobial Chitosan Film with Interdigitated Bouligand Structure
Authors: Li Suiyi , Wang Haohao , Huang Dafang , Liu Jia , Chen Chuchu , Li Dagang , Zhu Mingwei , Chen Yanfeng
Published: May 2022

Natural polymeric materials are an attractive potential replacement for non‐biodegradable plastics. However, one of the main challenges for high‐end applications of these materials, is to maintain their high mechanical properties in a watery environment. Here, inspired by the reinforcement principle of multiscale architecture in natural crab exoskeletons, an ultra‐strong and hydrostable film is developed through a top‐down method directly from the crab shell. The resulting chitosan film exhibits an outstanding isotropic tensile strength of ≈220 MPa and a superior wet strength of ≈70 MPa, which is significantly higher than that of conventional polysaccharide‐based materials and many commercially used plastics. Its excellent mechanical properties are due to the realization of strong interactions between chitosan fibrils even in wet conditions through interdigitation and densification processes without other additives. Additionally, it also possesses outstanding transparency, flexibility, antimicrobial ability, and biodegradability, making it a promising high‐performance and eco‐friendly material for many potential applications.
Prediction of infinite‐dilution activity coefficients with neural collaborative filtering
Authors: Tan Tian , Cheng Hongye , Chen Guzhong , Song Zhen , Qi Zhiwen
Published: May 2022

Accurate prediction of infinite dilution activity coefficient (γ∞) for phase equilibria and process design is crucial. In this work, an experimental γ∞ dataset containing 295 solutes and 407 solvents (21,048 points) is obtained through data integrating, cleaning, and filtering. The dataset is arranged as a sparse matrix with solutes and solvents as columns and rows, respectively. Neural collaborative filtering (NCF), a modern matrix completion technique based on deep learning, is proposed to fully fill in the γ∞ matrix. Ten‐fold cross‐validation is performed on the collected dataset to test the effectiveness of the proposed NCF, proving that NCF outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art physical model and previous machine learning model. The completed γ∞ matrix makes solvent screening and extension of UNIFAC parameters possible. Taking two typical hard‐to‐separate systems (benzene/cyclohexane and methyl cyclopentane/n‐hexane mixtures) as examples, the NCF‐developed database provides high‐throughput screening for separation systems in terms of solvent selectivity and capacity.
Evaluating suitability of confined impinging jet reactor for exothermic reactions: Hydrodynamics, residence time distribution, and heat transfer
Authors: Khan Muzammilanwar S. , Mane Mayur , Kulkarni Amol A.
Published: May 2022

Effect of confinement (wall proximity) of a confined impinging jet reactor (CIJR) on the flow field, residence time distribution and heat transfer are explored, through experiments and CFD simulations. Hydrodynamic characteristics are evaluated for different parameters namely confinement, impinging jet velocity, temperature gradient, and so on. For 2 mm confinement, highest values of dispersion number and overall heat transfer coefficient are observed due to interaction of turbulent eddies followed by the effect of reactor wall proximity. For the CIJR having confinements above 10 mm, jet velocity need to be greater than 3 m/s to achieve both, excellent mixing efficiency and high heat removal rate. Empirical correlations for Dispersion and Nusselt numbers as a function of Rej and L/D are obtained, over a range of and , which correspond to jet velocity of 0.5–3 m/s. The present study gives a basis for designing CIJR suitable for rapid, homogeneous, exothermic reactions.
Surveillance of acute nonfatal occupational inhalation injuries treated in US hospital emergency departments, 2014–2017
Authors: Hendricks Kitty J. , Layne Larry A. , Schleiff Patricia L. , Javurek Angela B. R.
Published: May 2022

Background

Acute nonfatal occupational inhalation injuries are caused by exposures to airborne toxicants and contaminants in the workplace. A 1990s study found that US emergency department (ED)‐based inhalation injury rates were higher than those seen in the United Kingdom and Canada. This study examines 4 years of hospital ED data to estimate current rates of occupational inhalation injuries.

Methods

Data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System Occupational Supplement were used to identify nonfatal occupational inhalation injuries treated in US hospital EDs from 2014 to 2017. A workplace inhalation injury was defined as any worker treated in an ED as a result of inhaling a harmful substance at work.

Results

From 2014 to 2017, there were an estimated 2.2 occupational inhalation injuries per 10,000 full‐time equivalents (FTE) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6–2.8) treated in EDs, a rate nearly four times that found in Bureau of Labor Statistics data. Although men incurred 60% (95% CI: 56%–64%) of the injuries, the overall injury rates for men and women were similar at 2.3 (95% CI: 1.7–2.9) and 2.1 (95% CI: 1.4–2.7) per 10,000 FTE, respectively. By age group, workers less than 25 years of age were at greater risk of injury at 4.1 injuries per 10,000 FTE (95% CI: 2.8–5.3).

Conclusions

These results illustrate the burden of nonfatal occupational inhalation injuries, providing an understanding of how injuries are distributed based on demographics. While inhalation injury rates have declined over the last two decades, additional research is needed to determine whether interventions have reduced risk, or if the availability of alternate sources of medical treatment is a factor.
Subcortical brain structures and the risk of dementia in the Rotterdam Study
Authors: van der Velpen Isabelle F. , Vlasov Vanja , Evans Tavia E. , Ikram Mohammad Kamran , Gutman Boris A. , Roshchupkin Gennady V. , Adams Hieab H. , Vernooij Meike W. , Ikram Mohammad Arfan
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Volumetric and morphological changes in subcortical brain structures are present in persons with dementia, but it is unknown if these changes occur prior to diagnosis.

Methods

Between 2005 and 2016, 5522 Rotterdam Study participants (mean age: 64.4) underwent cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and were followed for development of dementia until 2018. Volume and shape measures were obtained for seven subcortical structures.

Results

During 12 years of follow‐up, 272 dementia cases occurred. Mean volumes of thalamus (hazard ratio [HR] per standard deviation [SD] decrease 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.55–2.43), amygdala (HR 1.66, 95% CI: 1.44–1.92), and hippocampus (HR 1.64, 95% CI: 1.43–1.88) were strongly associated with dementia risk. Associations for accumbens, pallidum, and caudate volumes were less pronounced. Shape analyses identified regional surface changes in the amygdala, limbic thalamus, and caudate.

Discussion

Structure of the amygdala, thalamus, hippocampus, and caudate is associated with risk of dementia in a large population‐based cohort of older adults.
Evaluation of triticale anaerobic digestion in a double cropping system: Relation between biomass yield, chemical composition, and biomethane production
Authors: Garuti Mirco , Soldano Mariangela , Mazzola Lorenzo , Fermoso Fernando G. , Rodriguez Antonia J. , Immovilli Alessandra , Dal Prà Aldo
Published: May 2022

For sustainable biomethane production, energy crops should not compete for land against feed and food. In response to this requirement, a set of practices for an innovative way to produce food and biomethane was developed in Italy with the Biogasdoneright™ model, which introduces the double‐cropping system along with digestate fertilization and minimum tillage. Triticale is a promising feedstock as energy crop in such systems. Ninteen varieties of triticale harvested at milk and dough development stages were evaluated. Principal component analysis showed that cellulose content positively affects methane production whereas starch content has only a very weak relation with specific methane yield and methane formation rate. Despite these relations, triticale chemical composition did not influence the profitability of bioenergy production as much as the total biomass solids yields, the total solids concentration at harvest, and the timing of growth. Triticale can be considered a suitable energy crop for biomethane targeting at least 4600 Nm3 CH4 per hectare. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of the apoptosis‐inducing effect of docetaxel by comprehensive LC–MS–based metabolomics and network pharmacology approaches
Authors: Wang Dongyao , Tang Yuxiao , Feng Fei , Qi Minyu , Fang Jiahao , Zhang Ying , Chai Yifeng , Cao Yan , Lv Diya
Published: May 2022

Docetaxel is one of the clinical first‐line drugs and its combination with other chemotherapy agents for advanced or metastatic cancers has attracted widespread attention. Therefore, to promote the clinical application of docetaxel alone or in combination, a comprehensive investigation of the metabolic mechanism of docetaxel is of great importance. Here, we apply an integrative analysis of metabolomics and network pharmacology to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of docetaxel. After taking the intersection of the aforesaid two methods, five pathways including ABC (ATP‐binding cassette) transporters, central carbon metabolism in cancer, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and arginine biosynthesis have been screened. Concerning the interaction network of these pathways and the anti‐apoptosis effect of docetaxel itself, the central carbon metabolism in cancer pathway was mainly focused on. This study may help delineate global landscapes of cellular protein–metabolite interactions, to provide molecular insights about their mechanisms of action as well as to promote their clinical applications.
An EPO‐loaded multifunctional hydrogel synergizing with adipose‐derived stem cells restores neurogenic erectile function via enhancing nerve regeneration and penile rehabilitation
Authors: Shao Jun , Nie Pan , Yang Wende , Guo Rui , Ding Dongbing , Liang Rongpu , Wei Bo , Wei Hongbo
Published: May 2022

Neurogenic erectile dysfunction (nED) is one of the most common and intractable postoperative complications of rectal and prostate cancer surgery and sometimes accompanies patients lifelong. The transplantation of stem cells has been proved a promising way for treatment. However, the therapeutic efficacy is severely impaired by excessive cell loss and death and poor accumulation in the injury site along with the traditional implantation strategy. Herein, an EPO‐loaded multifunctional hydrogel was designed. The hydrogels' adhesive property and mechanical strength were enhanced by adding catechol‐catechol adducts, thus significantly improving adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSC) retention and rescuing cell loss in the injury site. Meanwhile, the sustained release of EPO effectively ameliorated the viability and paracrine activity of ADSC, leading to enhanced migration of Schwann cells and differentiation of PC12 cells in vivo. On a bilateral cavernous nerve injury rat model, the present stem cell‐EPO‐hydrogel implanted strategy could significantly alleviate erectile dysfunction. The higher expression of Tuj1 and lower expression of GFAP in the major pelvic ganglia (MPG) indicated the acceleration of neural differentiation while the suppressing development of astrocytes. Also, the combined therapy restored the expression levels of eNOs, nNOs, and α‐SMA in penile tissues, suggesting the rehabilitation of the penis. Further analysis of Masson trichrome staining and apoptosis evaluation of the corpus cavernosum showed the preservation of vascular endothelium content and the prevention of penile fibrosis after denervation. Overall, we believe that this combined strategy presents a promising way not only for restoring neurogenic erectile function but also for the clinical translation of stem cell therapy.
Electrically conductive carbon‐based (bio)‐nanomaterials for cardiac tissue engineering
Authors: Jalilinejad Negin , Rabiee Mohammad , Baheiraei Nafiseh , Ghahremanzadeh Ramin , Salarian Reza , Rabiee Navid , Akhavan Omid , Zarrintaj Payam , Hejna Aleksander , Saeb Mohammad Reza , Zarrabi Ali , Sharifi Esmaeel , Yousefiasl Satar , Zare Ehsan Nazarzadeh
Published: May 2022

A proper self‐regenerating capability is lacking in human cardiac tissue which along with the alarming rate of deaths associated with cardiovascular disorders makes tissue engineering critical. Novel approaches are now being investigated in order to speedily overcome the challenges in this path. Tissue engineering has been revolutionized by the advent of nanomaterials, and later by the application of carbon‐based nanomaterials because of their exceptional variable functionality, conductivity, and mechanical properties. Electrically conductive biomaterials used as cell bearers provide the tissue with an appropriate microenvironment for the specific seeded cells as substrates for the sake of protecting cells in biological media against attacking mechanisms. Nevertheless, their advantages and shortcoming in view of cellular behavior, toxicity, and targeted delivery depend on the tissue in which they are implanted or being used as a scaffold. This review seeks to address, summarize, classify, conceptualize, and discuss the use of carbon‐based nanoparticles in cardiac tissue engineering emphasizing their conductivity. We considered electrical conductivity as a key affecting the regeneration of cells. Correspondingly, we reviewed conductive polymers used in tissue engineering and specifically in cardiac repair as key biomaterials with high efficiency. We comprehensively classified and discussed the advantages of using conductive biomaterials in cardiac tissue engineering. An overall review of the open literature on electroactive substrates including carbon‐based biomaterials over the last decade was provided, tabulated, and thoroughly discussed. The most commonly used conductive substrates comprising graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers in cardiac repair were studied.
Tailoring the interaction of covalent organic framework with the polyether matrix toward high‐performance solid‐state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Hou Zhen , Xia Shuixin , Niu Chaoqun , Pang Yuepeng , Sun Hao , Li Zhiqi , Xu Yuxi , Zheng Shiyou
Published: May 2022

Solid polymer electrolyte is one of the most promising avenues to construct next‐generation energy storage systems with high energy density, high safety, and flexibility, yet the low ionic conductivity at room temperature and poor high‐voltage tolerance have limited their practical applications. To address the above issues, we design and synthesize a highly crystalline, vinyl‐functionalized covalent organic framework (V‐COF) rationally grafted with ether‐based segments through solvent‐free in situ polymerization. V‐COF can afford a fast Li+ conduction highway along the one‐dimensional nanochannels and improve the high‐voltage stability of ether‐based electrolytes due to the rigid and electrochemically stable networks. The as‐formed solid‐state electrolyte membranes demonstrate a superior ionic conductivity of 1.1 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 40°C, enhanced wide electrochemical window up to 5.0 V, and high Young's modulus of 92 MPa. The Li symmetric cell demonstrates ultralong stable cycling over 600 h at a current density of 0.1 mA cm−2 (40°C). The assembled solid‐state Li|LiFePO4 cells show a superior initial specific capacity of 136 mAh g−1 at 1 C (1 C = 170 mA g−1) and a high capacity retention rate of 84% after 300 cycles. This study provides a novel and scalable approach toward high‐performance solid ether‐based lithium metal batteries.
Subcategorizing salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP) in the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology
Authors: Pusztaszeri Marc P. , Baloch Zubair W.
Published: May 2022

The study by Hang et al, published in this issue of Cancer Cytopathology, is a timely multi‐institutional study that proposes a modified scheme for subcategorizing the diagnostic category of salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP) of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC). This editorial introduces the current study with a brief overview of the MSRSGC and the SUMP category.
Dynamic distributed KCi‐slice data publishing model with multiple sensitive attributes
Authors: Raju N. V. S. Lakshmipathi , Naresh Vankamamidi S.
Published: May 2022

Privacy‐preserving data publishing (PPDP) provides scope for performing various types of analytics by the researcher on the published data without revealing the individuals' privacy. However, it is necessary to consider the data from all the available locations to obtain accurate results from the published data. Then only the derived associations from the published data are helpful to make new decisions by an organization. Existing PPDP models on multiple sensitive attributes like KC‐slice (K stands for bucket size, C stands for constant threshold), KCi‐slice (K–bucket size, Ci–variable threshold), Novel KCi‐slice, and Optimal KCi‐slice models are concentrated only when data is located at a single location. This research work introduces a new model called “distributed KCi‐slice,” which considers the data with multiple sensitive attributes from various locations to obtain accurate results. Initially, this model proposes a novel technique called a distributed algorithm to merge the different data sets into a single data set. It combines the data differently, so that it is not possible to identify any record of a specific data set from the merged data. The proposed model also uses a new bucketization algorithm named (l,m,d)*‐anonymity (l stands for distinct semantic categories of the sensitive values of a sensitive attribute in a specific bucket, m stands for the number of sensitive attributes, and d stands for different sensitive categories for the sensitive values of a sensitive attribute in each sensitive bucket) for the bucketization of the tuples into the buckets. It imposes the privacy constraints only on high sensitive values of each sensitive attribute by considering the semantic and sensitive levels of sensitive values. The distributed KCi‐slice model finally publishes the data in the form of multiple sensitive tables and one quasi table. This model is implemented based on attribute sensitiveness to enhance the utility and privacy levels of the published data.
Cell throughput contribution rate based sleep control algorithm for energy efficiency in 5G heterogeneous networks
Authors: Natarajan Janani , B. Rebekka
Published: May 2022

Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) have been a trending topic of interest for researchers in 5G technology. A HetNet structure comprises a macro cell network assisted by small cell networks such as pico cells and femto cells. This additional hardware ensures distribution of the user equipment (UE) load of the main base station (MBS) at the cost of a surge in the overall system power consumption. Optimized power consumption coupled with enhanced cell throughput by dynamic small cell ON/OFF strategy improves the energy efficiency (EE) in dense HetNets. This paper proposes two algorithms to switch the small cell ON/OFF based on cell throughput contribution rate (CTCR). CTCR is the ratio of actual cell throughput to the maximum cell throughput with full utilization of the allotted bandwidth. In the first method, the threshold to decide small cell ON/OFF has been carefully defined considering two important factors—the MBS‐SBS distance and the ratio of small cell density to UE density such that less loaded small cells that are closer to the MBS are the candidates chosen for sleep mode. In the second method, a correction factor in the computation of CTCR is introduced. It is a logarithmic function of the relative distance of the small base station (SBS) to the radius of macro cell coverage. This steps up the threshold for SBS that are close to MBS. They are more suitable sleep state candidates as their UEs can be served directly by the MBS and enable large user throughput. Simulation results show that the EE of the proposed amended CTCR method is 8% more than proposed CTCR method and 30.66% better relative to conventional load‐based sleep control method.
Beyond screening in primary practice settings: Time to stop fiddling while Rome is burning
Authors: Hay Phillipa , Hart Laura M. , Wade Tracey D.
Published: May 2022

Objective

This forum presents the current state of research in the screening and identification of people with eating disorders in community and primary care, taking a longer‐term perspective that highlights the slow rate of progression in development of instruments, and impact on polices and practice.

Method

An historical overview is presented, followed by a critique of contemporary instruments and practice, and barriers to case detection and appropriate referral pathways.

Results

There are now many instruments but all lack high levels of positive predictive power. However, some do have high sensitivity. Barriers contributing to poor detection and the treatment gap include need for improved education and support for primary care professionals and lack of confidence of individuals with eating disorders to initiate a discussion with health professionals. The best screening instrument would not overcome either of these barriers.

Discussion

We purport there is an urgent need to improve current screening instruments (not to develop more), particularly those with high sensitivity. These should be being employed alongside programs to both improve primary care professionals' skills in assessment and management of people with eating disorders, and to empower consumers to navigate care pathways.

Public Significance Statement

We argue that further screening instruments for eating disorders are not needed. Rather, it is more urgent to have a greater research focus on how to encourage primary care workers to ask about eating and body image and how to best translate that to more individuals with eating disorders being offered treatment. This work needs to be linked with tools that empower consumers to navigate care pathways.
Anion‐Regulated Weakly Solvating Electrolytes for High‐Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Jiang Zhipeng , Mo Jisheng , Li Chen , Li Haiwen , Zhang Qingan , Zeng Ziqi , Xie Jia , Li Yongtao
Published: May 2022

Development of advanced high‐voltage electrolytes is key to achieving high‐energy‐density lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Weakly solvating electrolytes (WSE) can produce unique anion‐driven interphasial chemistry via altering the solvating power of the solvent, but it is difficult to dissolve the majority of Li salts and fail to cycle at a cut‐off voltage above 4.5 V. Herein, we present a new‐type WSE that is regulated by the anion rather than the solvent, and the first realize stable cycling of dimethoxyethane (DME) at 4.6 V without the use of the “solvent‐in‐salt” strategy. The relationships between the degree of dissociation of salts, the solvation structure of electrolytes, and the electrochemical performance of LMBs were systematically investigated. We found that LiBF4, which has the lowest degree of dissociation, can construct an anion‐rich inner solvation shell, resulting in anion‐derived anode/cathode interphases. Thanks to such unusual solvation structure and interphasial chemistry, the Li‐LiCoO2 full cell with LiBF4‐based WSE could deliver excellent rate performance (115 mAh g−1 at 10 C) and outstanding cycling stability even under practical conditions, including high loading (10.7 mg cm−2), thin Li (50 μm), and limited electrolyte (1.2 μL mg−1).
Impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on epilepsy care in Japan: A national‐level multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kuroda Naoto , Kubota Takafumi , Horinouchi Toru , Ikegaya Naoki , Kitazawa Yu , Kodama Satoshi , Kuramochi Izumi , Matsubara Teppei , Nagino Naoto , Neshige Shuichiro , Soga Temma , Takayama Yutaro , Sone Daichi ,   IMPACT‐J EPILEPSY (In‐depth Multicenter analysis during Pandemic of Covid‐19 Throughout Japan for EPILEPSY practice) study group
Published: May 2022

Objective

The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic on epilepsy care across Japan was investigated by conducting a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Methods

This study included monthly data on the frequency of (1) visits by outpatients with epilepsy, (2) outpatient electroencephalography (EEG) studies, (3) telemedicine for epilepsy, (4) admissions for epilepsy, (5) EEG monitoring, and (6) epilepsy surgery in epilepsy centers and clinics across Japan between January 2019 and December 2020. We defined the primary outcome as epilepsy center‐specific monthly data divided by the 12‐month average in 2019 for each facility. We determined whether the COVID‐19 pandemic‐related factors (such as year [2019 or 2020], COVID‐19 cases in each prefecture in the previous month, and a state of emergency) were independently associated with these outcomes.

Results

In 2020, the frequency of outpatient EEG studies (−10.7%, P < .001) and cases with telemedicine (+2608%, P = .031) were affected. The number of COVID‐19 cases was an independent associated factor for epilepsy admission (−3.75 × 10−3% per case, P < .001) and EEG monitoring (−3.81 × 10−3% per case, P = .004). Furthermore, a state of emergency was an independent factor associated with outpatient with epilepsy (−11.9%, P < .001), outpatient EEG (−32.3%, P < .001), telemedicine for epilepsy (+12,915%, P < .001), epilepsy admissions (−35.3%; P < .001), EEG monitoring (−24.7%: P < .001), and epilepsy surgery (−50.3%, P < .001).

Significance

We demonstrated the significant impact that the COVID‐19 pandemic had on epilepsy care. These results support those of previous studies and clarify the effect size of each pandemic‐related factor on epilepsy care.
Comparison of U.S. and Tajik infants' time in containment devices
Authors: Karasik Lana B. , Kuchirko Yana A. , Dodojonova Rano M. , Elison Jed T.
Published: May 2022

How infants are held or contained throughout the day shape infants' experiences, particularly around movement and exploration. In Tajikistan, caregivers use ‘gahvora’ cradles, which severely restrict the body and limbs. The present study explored the variability and use of containment devices in U.S. and Tajik infants. Using time diaries, we compared 12‐month‐olds in the U.S. and Tajikistan on the types of containments used and the time spent in them throughout the day. During the day, Tajik infants accumulated more time in gahvoras than infants in the U.S. spent in cribs, primarily used for sleep, suggesting gahvoras served other functions. Given the availability of other devices, U.S. infants' time was distributed in short yet frequent bouts across devices. Accumulated time in these containments matched accumulated time Tajik infants spent in gahvoras. Tajik infants accumulated more unrestricted time on the ground, which was distributed in prolonged bouts, than U.S. infants. Findings highlight differences in infants' everyday experiences during the developmental period when motor skills emerge. By embracing commonalities and exploring differences between cultures, this study offers insights into differences in infants' everyday experiences and opportunities for movement.
Addition of plerixafor in poorly mobilized allogeneic stem cell donors
Authors: Zhuang Lefan , Lauro Deisen , Wang Shirong , Yuan Shan
Published: May 2022

Background

Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) are the predominant graft source for adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In poorly mobilized autologous donors, plerixafor improves collection outcomes. We examine plerixafor use in allogeneic donors who mobilize poorly with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) in those who are healthy and those with pre‐existing medical conditions, and determine the optimal threshold to add plerixafor.

Study Design/Methods

We retrospectively examined all allogeneic PBSC collections from January 2013 to October 2020 at our center. Donors received G‐CSF 10 mcg/kg daily for 4 days before undergoing apheresis collection on day 5. Plerixafor was added based on poor CD34+ cell collection yield after the first or second collection day.

Results

Of the 1008 allogeneic donors, 41 (4.1%) received one dose of plerixafor in addition to G‐CSF due to poor collection yield. After starting plerixafor there was a 0.75‐ to 7.74‐fold (median 2.94) increase in CD34+ yield from the previous day. No donors with G‐CSF‐only mobilization who collected <2.0 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg recipient weight on day one achieved the goal of ≥4.0 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg recipient weight total over 2 days but 59.2% of donors who used rescue plerixafor did.

Conclusion

Donors both healthy and those with pre‐existing disease responded well to plerixafor with minimal side effects. If the first‐day collection yield is less than ~63% of the collection goal, addition of plerixafor may be necessary to reach the collection goal and limit the number of collection days in allogeneic donors.
HigBA toxin–antitoxin system of Weissella cibaria is involved in response to the bile salt stress
Authors: Cai Ting , Zhao Qiu‐Huan , Xiang Wen‐Liang , Zhu Lin , Rao Yu , Tang Jie
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems are prevalent adaptive genetic elements in bacterial genomes, which can respond to environmental stress. While, few studies have addressed TA systems in probiotics and their roles in the adaptation to gastrointestinal transit (GIT) environments.

RESULTS

The Weissella cibaria 018 could survive in pH 3.0–5.0 and 0.5–3.0 g L−1 bile salt, and its HigBA system responded to the bile salt stress, but not to acid stress. The toxin protein HigB and its cognate antitoxin protein HigA had 85.1% and 100% similarity with those of Lactobacillus plantarum, respectively, and they formed the stable tetramer HigB–(HigA)2–HigB structure in W. cibaria 018. When exposed to 1.5–3.0 g L−1 bile salt, the transcriptions of higB and higA were up‐regulated with 4.39–19.29 and 5.94–30.91 folds, respectively. Meanwhile, W. cibaria 018 gathered into a mass with 48.07% survival rate and its persister cells were found to increase 8.21% under 3.0 g L−1 bile salt.

CONCLUSION

The HigBA TA system of W. cibaria 018 responded to the bile salt stress, but not to acid stress, which might offer novel perspectives to understand the tolerant mechanism of probiotics to GIT environment. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Feasibility of Magnetic Resonance‐Guided High‐Intensity‐Focused Ultrasound (MRgHIFU) Ablation of Stump Neuromas for the Relief of Chronic Postamputation Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Nachtigal Alicia , Cozakov Ronen , Grinfeld Anat , Haddad May , Eisenberg Elon
Published: May 2022

Up to 70% of limb amputees develop chronic postamputation neuropathic pain (CPANP) which includes phantom pain and residual limb neuropathic pain due to neuroma formation. CPANP often requires invasive procedures aimed at neuroma ablation. Five amputees received 6 noninvasive magnetic resonance‐guided high‐intensity‐focused ultrasound MRgHIFU treatments ExAblate®, Insightec, Tirat‐Carmel, Israel). Although ablative temperature (>65°C) at the neuroma was reached in only 1 patient, pain intensity dropped from 5.7 at baseline to 4.3 and back to 5.6 at 3 and 6 month follow‐up. Post‐treatment bone necrosis was demonstrated in 1 patient. Although no firm conclusion about the effectiveness of MRgHIFU for CPANP could be drawn, further studies are warranted.
Impact of Age on Surgical Outcomes Following Mandible Fracture Repair
Authors: Jin Ryan , Georges Kirolos , Jasti Shravya , Ahsanuddin Salma , Cadwell Joshua B. , Paskhover Boris
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Open repair of mandibular fractures are frequently performed surgical procedures. Increasing rates of such fractures are seen in older adults following falls. This study assesses the impact of older age on early complications following mandible fracture repair.

Study Design

Retrospective analysis of national registry.

Methods

The 2013–2018 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for all cases of open mandible fracture repair and cases were categorized into younger (18–40), middle (41–65), and older (>65) age cohorts. Demographics and comorbidities were compared between the age groups. Rates of surgical, medical, and wound complications within 30‐days of surgery were determined. Multivariable logistic analyses were performed to assess the relationship between age and complications.

Results

Altogether, 1818 cases were included for analysis, of which 1269 (69.8%) were younger, 459 (25.2%) were middle, and 90 (5.0%) were older age. Increased rates of complications were seen in the older groups, including unplanned reoperation, unplanned readmission, wound disruption, and medical complications (p < 0.01). On unadjusted analysis, the older (>65) age group had an increased odds of experiencing a complication compared to the younger (18–40) group (OR: 4.19, p < 0.001). The older age group continued to have a significantly increased odds of medical complications after multivariable adjustment (adjusted OR: 8.64, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

On this analysis of a national database, advanced age was associated with an increased frequency of early postoperative complications following open mandibular fracture repair. Following multivariable adjustment, advanced age continued to be associated with increased odds of postoperative medical complications within 30 days of surgery.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:287–293, 2023
Waterproof and Breathable Wound Dressing Composited By Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Backing and Hydrogel
Authors: Zheng Wen Jiang , Chen Qian , Zou Wei , Fu Zizhuo , Li Yanli , Liu Zhongyuan , Yan Jie , Yang Hu , Yang Fan
Published: May 2022

Wound dressings with waterproof, breathable, and bacterial‐resistant properties are still rarely realized. In this work, a newly hydrogel‐based dressing is designed with a backing of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) film. The ePTFE grafting with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) brush is composited with hydrogel successfully with an adhesion energy of ≈80 kJ m−2. In this resultant composite, the ePTFE backing contributes excellent breathability, water resistance, and bacterial barrier property. The water vapor transmission rate of the composite is 4.83 × 103 g m−2 × 24 h, which can maintain the moist environment of wound and relieve pain by evaporating water. Notably, it can withstand 500 mm water column for over 300 s, which is obviously better than the commonly used nonwoven fabric backing materials. It can also prevent the invasion of bacteria, because the pores of ePTFE backing are smaller than those of most common bacterial. As a result, the composite with an ePTFE film backing has a positive effect in accelerating wound healing, promoting the reconstruction of intact epidermis and reducing inflammation.
Connecticut legislators make strides in early interventions for children
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: May 2022

A number of Connecticut state legislators vowed to make youth mental health the signature issue of this year's legislative session, and this month's passage of three comprehensive bills signals that they delivered on their promise.
Denver center name change reflects MH, well‐being connection
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: May 2022

What's in a name? When it comes to the wellness landscape, plenty. The Mental Health Center of Denver is the latest mental health organization to incorporate wellness into its name. On the heels of May as Mental Health Awareness Month, the Mental Health Center of Denver announced the change of its name to WellPower.
Physical Properties of Isotactic Polypropylene Blended with Less Crystalline Polypropylene
Authors: Wada Toru , Kitabayashi Ibuki , Chammingkwan Patchanee , Taniike Toshiaki
Published: May 2022

The physical properties of polymeric materials, which are mixtures of various molecules, are determined by the sum of their contributions. Industrially important isotactic polypropylene (iPP), which is produced using heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts, shows broader distributions of molecular weight and stereoregularity because of the multisite nature, compared to molecular catalysts. However, systematic studies on the effects of these distributions on physical properties are lacking, especially for variations in stereoregularity. In this study, polypropylene (PP) additives with various molecular weights and stereoregularities (and their distributions) are added to an iPP matrix to clarify the effects of low‐concentration components on the overall physical properties. The results indicate the importance of incorporating the PP additives into the crystal structure of the iPP matrix.
German chemists in Japan and vice versa in the Meiji era
Authors: Nakatsuji Shinichi
Published: May 2022

A large part of the basic groundwork for Japanese chemistry was established in the Meiji era beginning at the end of the 19th century as the result of the educational and scientific contributions of German chemists in Japan and Japanese chemists who studied in Germany.
Bilanzierungsfragen
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: May 2022

Beim Schweizer Unternehmen Clariant wurden erst vor kurzem Probleme mit der Bilanz geklärt, was den offiziellen Jahresbericht verzögerte.
Laborberufe?
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke
Published: May 2022

Jugendliche wissen wenig über Laborarbeit, glauben aber, sie würde ihnen Spaß machen.
A class of block alternating splitting implicit iteration methods for double saddle point linear systems
Authors: Dou Yan , Liang Zhao‐Zheng
Published: May 2022

In the framework of a special block alternating splitting implicit (BASI) iteration scheme for generalized saddle point problems, we establish some new iteration methods for solving double saddle point problems by means of a suitable partitioning strategy. Convergence analysis of the corresponding BASI iteration methods indicates that they are convergent unconditionally under certain weak requirements for the related matrix splittings, which are satisfied directly for our specific application to double saddle point problems. Numerical examples for liquid crystal director and time‐harmonic eddy current models are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed BASI preconditioners to accelerate the GMRES method.
Effects of nickel shell microcapsules and short fibers on polyamide 6‐matrix composites: Thermal, surface wetting, mechanical, and tribological properties
Authors: Zhang Wenli , Qi Xiaowen , Yan Xiaocui , Dong Yu , Liu Changxin , Fan Bingli
Published: May 2022

The excellent lubricating properties of microcapsules have been well recognized in modified polymers though very few reports have mentioned the practical application for engineering parts. In this study, different short fibers and nickel shell microcapsules (NMS) synergistically modify PA6 and injection molded to prepare bearings. With 10 wt% NMS, the COF could be reduced from 0.45 to 0.1. Fibers can effectively overcome bearing failure resulting from crushing the matrix under high loads or rapid peeling wear at high swing frequencies, which can warrant the effective lubrication of NMS and the formation of high‐quality transfer film. The bearing long‐life test shows very stable and low COF and wear with the feasibility to utilize microcapsules modified polymers in journal bearings.
Proteomic analysis of the IPF mesenchymal progenitor cell nuclear proteome identifies abnormalities in key nodal proteins that underlie their fibrogenic phenotype
Authors: Yang Libang , Gilbertsen Adam , Smith Karen , Xia Hong , Higgins LeeAnn , Guerrero Candace , Henke Craig A.
Published: May 2022

IPF is a progressive fibrotic lung disease whose pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. We have previously discovered pathologic mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) in the lungs of IPF patients. IPF MPCs display a distinct transcriptome and create sustained interstitial fibrosis in immune deficient mice. However, the precise pathologic alterations responsible for this fibrotic phenotype remain to be uncovered. Quantitative mass spectrometry and interactomics is a powerful tool that can define protein alterations in specific subcellular compartments that can be implemented to understand disease pathogenesis. We employed quantitative mass spectrometry and interactomics to define protein alterations in the nuclear compartment of IPF MPCs compared to control MPCs. We identified increased nuclear levels of PARP1, CDK1, and BACH1. Interactomics implicated PARP1, CDK1, and BACH1 as key hub proteins in the DNA damage/repair, differentiation, and apoptosis signaling pathways respectively. Loss of function and inhibitor studies demonstrated important roles for PARP1 in DNA damage/repair, CDK1 in regulating IPF MPC stemness and self‐renewal, and BACH1 in regulating IPF MPC viability. Our quantitative mass spectrometry studies combined with interactomic analysis uncovered key roles for nuclear PARP1, CDK1, and BACH1 in regulating IPF MPC fibrogenicity.
Cardioprotective effects of gypenoside XVII against ischemia/reperfusion injury: Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and mitochondrial fusion fission balance
Authors: Su Shijia , Wang Jiarui , Wang Jing , Yu Ruili , Sun Likang , Zhang Yue , Song Lei , Pu Weiling , Tang Yi , Yu Yingli , Zhou Kun
Published: May 2022

Gypenoside XVII (GP‐17), a tetracyclic triterpene saponin isolated from the functional food Gynostemma pentaphyllum, has been demonstrated protective effects against cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases on multiple disease models. In this study, we established a myocardial infarction (MI) model by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery, and explored whether GP‐17 prevent myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries in mice. Compared with the I/R group, GP‐17 significantly improved the cardiac function, reduced the MI, decreased myocardial pathology, activated superoxide dismutase and catalase, and reduced the content of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, malondialdehyde, and inflammatory factor. The proteomic analysis showed multiple differential proteins between the GP‐17 and I/R groups enriched in endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Western‐Blot showed that GP‐17 significantly decreased the expression of GRP78, ATF6, CHOP, and phosphorylation of PERK, indicating the inhibition of ERS. GP‐17 inhibited the expression of ATG5, LC3A/B, and BAX, illustrating the suppression of autophagy and apoptosis. Moreover, both GP‐17 and 4‐PBA could improve the downregulated Mfn2, meaning that inhibition of ERS regulated the mitochondrial fusion fission balance, thus protected the function of mitochondria. In conclusion, we found that GP‐17 prevented against myocardial I/R injury by inhibit ERS‐induced cell apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial division.
Genetics of Fusarium head blight resistance in soft red winter wheat using a genome‐wide association study
Authors: Ghimire Bikash , Mergoum Mohamed , Martinez‐Espinoza Alfredo D. , Sapkota Suraj , Pradhan Sumit , Babar Md Ali , Bai Guihua , Dong Yanhong , Buck James W.
Published: May 2022

Host resistance is an effective and sustainable approach to manage the negative impact of Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and quality. The objective of this study was to characterize the phenotypic responses and identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) conditioning different FHB resistance types using a panel of 236 elite soft red winter wheat (SRWW) lines in a genome‐wide association study (GWAS). The panel was phenotyped for five FHB and three morphological traits under two field and two greenhouse environments in 2018–2019 and 2019–2020. We identified 160 significant marker–trait associations (MTAs) for FHB traits and 11 MTAs for plant height. Eleven QTL showed major effects and explained >10% phenotypic variation (PV) for FHB resistance. Among these major loci, three QTL were stable and five QTL exhibited a pleiotropic effect. The QTL QFhb‐3BL, QFhb‐5AS, QFhb‐5BL, QFhb‐7AS.1, QFhb‐7AS.2, and QFhb‐7BS are presumed to be novel. Pyramiding multiple resistance alleles from all the major‐effect QTL resulted in a significant reduction in FHB incidence, severity, index, deoxynivalenol (DON), and Fusarium‐damaged kernel (FDK) by 17, 43, 45, 55, and 25%, respectively. Further validation of these QTL could potentially facilitate successful introgression of these resistance loci in new cultivars for improved FHB resistance in breeding programs.
Ultrasound diagnosis and medical management of presumed segmental ureteritis in a cat
Authors: Vitello Giuseppe , Bacon Jessica , Earley Naomi F.
Published: May 2022

This case report describes successful medical management of presumed segmental ureteritis in a 10‐year‐old, male, neutered, domestic shorthair cat. The cat presented for acute onset of lethargy, weight loss and a heart murmur. Abdominal palpation revealed renal asymmetry. Urinalysis and culture identified haematuria, struvite crystalluria and Proteus mirabilis infection. Abdominal ultrasound showed right hydronephrosis, right hydroureter and a focal right ureteral mass. Successful resolution of the right hydronephrosis, hydroureter and ureteral mass was achieved with antimicrobial therapy alone. Medical management may be an alternative, less invasive treatment to surgery for presumed feline segmental ureteritis.