bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learnable digital signal processing: a new benchmark of linearity compensation for optical fiber communications
Authors: Niu Zekun , Yang Hang , Li Lyu , Shi Minghui , Xu Guozhi , Hu Weisheng , Yi Lilin
Published: August 2024

The surge in interest regarding the next generation of optical fiber transmission has stimulated the development of digital signal processing (DSP) schemes that are highly cost-effective with both high performance and low complexity. As benchmarks for nonlinear compensation methods, however, traditional DSP designed with block-by-block modules for linear compensations, could exhibit residual linear effects after compensation, limiting the nonlinear compensation performance. Here we propose a high-efficient design thought for DSP based on the learnable perspectivity, called learnable DSP (LDSP). LDSP reuses the traditional DSP modules, regarding the whole DSP as a deep learning framework and optimizing the DSP parameters adaptively based on backpropagation algorithm from a global scale. This method not only establishes new standards in linear DSP performance but also serves as a critical benchmark for nonlinear DSP designs. In comparison to traditional DSP with hyperparameter optimization, a notable enhancement of approximately 1.21 dB in the Q factor for 400 Gb/s signal after 1600 km fiber transmission is experimentally demonstrated by combining LDSP and perturbation-based nonlinear compensation algorithm. Benefiting from the learnable model, LDSP can learn the best configuration adaptively with low complexity, reducing dependence on initial parameters. The proposed approach implements a symbol-rate DSP with a small bit error rate (BER) cost in exchange for a 48% complexity reduction compared to the conventional 2 samples/symbol processing. We believe that LDSP represents a new and highly efficient paradigm for DSP design, which is poised to attract considerable attention across various domains of optical communications.
The role of body image dissatisfaction in the relationship between body size and disordered eating and self-harm: complimentary Mendelian randomization and mediation analyses
Authors: Power Grace M. , Warne Naomi , Bould Helen , Casanova Francesco , Jones Samuel E. , Richardson Tom G. , Tyrrell Jessica , Davey Smith George , Heron Jon
Published: August 2024

Disordered eating and self-harm commonly co-occur in young people suggesting potential for shared underlying causes. Body image dissatisfaction (BID) has been recognised as a psychological correlate of body size, associated with both disordered eating and self-harm. However, the investigation into etiological pathways early in the lifecourse to provide detail on how body size and BID may foster disordered eating and self-harm remains largely unexplored. Employing data from two large population-based cohorts, the UK Biobank and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents And Children (ALSPAC), we conducted bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) to determine the causal direction of effect between genetically predicted prepubertal body size and two measures of BID indicating (i) desire to be smaller, and (ii) desire to be larger. We then used multivariable regression followed by counterfactual mediation analyses. Bidirectional MR indicated robust evidence that increased genetically predicted prepubertal body size increased desire to be smaller and decreased desire to be larger. Evidence for the reverse causal direction was negligible. These findings remained very similar across sensitivity analyses. In females and males, multivariable regression analyses demonstrated that being overweight increased the risk of disordered eating (risk ratio (RR), 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19, 1.01 to 1.40 and 1.98, 1.28 to 3.05, respectively) and self-harm (RR, 95% CI: 1.35, 1.04 to 1.77 and 1.55, 0.86 to 2.81, respectively), while being underweight was protective against disordered eating (RR, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.40 to 0.81 and 0.81, 0.38 to 1.73, respectively). There was weak evidence of an increase in the risk of self-harm among underweight individuals. Mediation analyses indicated that the relationship between being overweight and subsequent disordered eating was largely mediated by the desire to be smaller. Our research carries important public health implications, suggesting distinct risk profiles for self-harm and disordered eating in relation to weight and body image. In addition, a better understanding of genetically predicted prepubertal BID may be valuable in the prevention and treatment of disordered eating and self-harm in adolescence.
Influence of comorbidities on outcome in 1102 patients with an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Janscak Marie , Stelmes Anne , van den Berg Jana , Heim Dominik , Halter Joerg , Drexler Beatrice , Arranto Christian , Passweg Jakob , Medinger Michael
Published: August 2024

The hematopoietic comorbidity risk index (HCT-CI) is a pre-transplant risk assessment tool used to qualify comorbidities to predict non-relapse mortality (NRM) of patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). HSCT procedures continue to improve. Therefore, the predictive value of HCT-CI needs to be re-evaluated. Our study is a retrospective analysis of pre-existing comorbidities assessing the relevance of the HCT-CI on the outcome of consecutive patients (n = 1102) undergoing allo-HSCT from 2006-2021. HCT-CI was classified as low (HCT-CI 0), intermediate (HCT-CI 1–2) and high-risk (HCT-CI ≥ 3). At 10 years, NRM for low, intermediate, and high-risk HCT-CI group was 21.0%, 26.0%, and 25.8% (p = 0.04). NRM difference was significant between low to intermediate (p < 0.001), but not between intermediate to high-risk HCT-CI (p = 0.22). Overall survival (OS) at 10 years differed significantly with 49.9%, 39.8%, and 31.1%, respectively (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis of HCT-CI organ subgroups, cardiac disease was most strongly associated with NRM (HR = 1.73, p = 0.02) and OS (HR = 1.77, p < 0.001). All other individual organ comorbidities influenced NRM to a lesser extent. Further, donor (HR = 2.20, p < 0.001 for unrelated and HR = 2.17, p = 0.004 for mismatched related donor), disease status (HR = 1.41, p = 0.03 for advanced disease) and previous HSCT (HR = 1.55, p = 0.009) were associated with NRM. Improvement in transplant techniques and supportive care may have improved outcome with respect to comorbidities.
Proton-triggered rearrangement of the AMPA receptor N-terminal domains impacts receptor kinetics and synaptic localization
Authors: Ivica Josip , Kejzar Nejc , Ho Hinze , Stockwell Imogen , Kuchtiak Viktor , Scrutton Alexander M. , Nakagawa Terunaga , Greger Ingo H.
Published: August 2024

AMPA glutamate receptors (AMPARs) are ion channel tetramers that mediate the majority of fast excitatory synaptic transmission. They are composed of four subunits (GluA1–GluA4); the GluA2 subunit dominates AMPAR function throughout the forebrain. Its extracellular N-terminal domain (NTD) determines receptor localization at the synapse, ensuring reliable synaptic transmission and plasticity. This synaptic anchoring function requires a compact NTD tier, stabilized by a GluA2-specific NTD interface. Here we show that low pH conditions, which accompany synaptic activity, rupture this interface. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations reveal that protonation of an interfacial histidine residue (H208) centrally contributes to NTD rearrangement. Moreover, in stark contrast to their canonical compact arrangement at neutral pH, GluA2 cryo-electron microscopy structures exhibit a wide spectrum of NTD conformations under acidic conditions. We show that the consequences of this pH-dependent conformational control are twofold: rupture of the NTD tier slows recovery from desensitized states and increases receptor mobility at mouse hippocampal synapses. Therefore, a proton-triggered NTD switch will shape both AMPAR location and kinetics, thereby impacting synaptic signal transmission.
Goggle-free swimming as autonomous water competence from the perspective of breath control on execution of a given distance
Authors: Rejman Marek , Rudnik Daria , Stallman Robert Keig
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to examine the ability of adolescents to maintain breathing rhythm while swimming with and without goggles, in the context of pedagogical interventions for implementation of water competence skills, rather than simply teaching swimming technique (strokes). 25 females and 25 males, 12–13 years old, swam the front crawl both with goggles and without goggles. Distance covered and the ability to maintain breathing rhythm were evaluated by experts. For both girls and boys, the lack of goggles reduced the breath control. The boys in contrast to the girls, could "swim" (cover a distance) but did not have the “competence” to swim effectively/safely—with breathing rhythm—regardless of the goggle factor. Goggle-free swimming as an autonomous component of water competence is highly recommended in elementary swimming education. The following elements for pedagogical intervention in the area of water competence development are proposed: (1) the formatting of breath control on the basis of the student's preferred, simplest form of swimming (not strokes); (2) the a priori treatment of swimming goggles as an unnecessary teaching aid; (3) the gender differences in area of both adaptation in visual perception (the goggles factor) and motor control (breath control factor) should be considered.
CD3-engaging bispecific antibodies trigger a paracrine regulated wave of T-cell recruitment for effective tumor killing
Authors: Liao Chen-Yi , Engelberts Patrick , Ioan-Facsinay Andreea , Klip Janna Eleonora , Schmidt Thomas , Ruijtenbeek Rob , Danen Erik H. J.
Published: August 2024

The mechanism of action of bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) directing T-cell immunity to solid tumors is incompletely understood. Here, we screened a series of CD3xHER2 bsAbs using extracellular matrix (ECM) embedded breast cancer tumoroid arrays exposed to healthy donor-derived T-cells. An initial phase of random T-cell movement throughout the ECM (day 1–2), was followed by a bsAb-dependent phase of active T-cell recruitment to tumoroids (day 2–4), and tumoroid killing (day 4–6). Low affinity HER2 or CD3 arms were compensated for by increasing bsAb concentrations. Instead, a bsAb binding a membrane proximal HER2 epitope supported tumor killing whereas a bsAb binding a membrane distal epitope did not, despite similar affinities and intra-tumoroid localization of the bsAbs, and efficacy in 2D co-cultures. Initial T-cell-tumor contact through effective bsAbs triggered a wave of subsequent T-cell recruitment. This critical surge of T-cell recruitment was explained by paracrine signaling and preceded a full-scale T-cell tumor attack.
Plasmonic and nanozyme dual-channel-based logic judgment for enhancing gold nanoparticle based colorimetric Hg2+ ion sensing performance
Authors: Zhang Kehui , Luo Mingyue , Rao Honghong , Liu Haile , Qiang Ruibin , Xue Xin , Li Jianying , Lu Xiaoquan , Xue Zhonghua
Published: August 2024

An AND logic gate-based Hg2+ ion colorimetric assay was constructed using the plasmonic and nanozyme dual signal channels of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs).
An extended-gate-type organic transistor for monitoring the Menschutkin reaction of tetrazole at a solid–liquid interface
Authors: Sasaki Yui , Ohshiro Kohei , Lyu Xiaojun , Kawashima Takayuki , Kamiko Masao , Tanaka Hikaru , Yamagami Akari , Ueno Yoshinori , Minami Tsuyoshi
Published: August 2024

An organic transistor was used for monitoring the Menschutkin reaction at an interface between a self-assembled monolayer on an electrode and water containing electrophiles, which visualized differences in properties of electrophiles.
Trifluoroethanol promoted formal nucleophilic substitution of indol-2-yl diaryl methanol for the synthesis of tetraarylmethanes
Authors: Nian Cuicui , Yu Run , Han Zhengyu , Bai Yang , Wang Jianhao , Sun Jianwei , Huang Hai
Published: August 2024

In this study, a series of tetraarylmethanes was successfully synthesized through the formal nucleophilic substitution reaction of indol-2-yl diaryl methanol catalyzed by Brønsted acid.
A novel NIR-II fluorescent probe for hydrogen peroxide detection in drug-induced liver injury
Authors: Chen Huiyu , Zhou Hui , Zhang Xinyue , Ding Yancheng , Zhang Xiaolong , Xu Qinqin , Wang Ben , Yin Chao , Fan Quli
Published: August 2024

A mitochondria-targeted NIR-II probe based on thiopyrylium structure was synthesized for H2O2 detection and drug-induced liver injury (DILI) diagnosis.
Asymmetric functionalized modification of bi(1,2,4-triazole) towards high-energy insensitive materials
Authors: Dong Wen-Shuai , Zhang Chao , Xu Mei-Qi , Lu Zu-Jia , Li Zhi-Min , Yu Qi-Yao , Zhang Jian-Guo
Published: August 2024

Asymmetric single trinitromethyl group-modified bi(1,2,4-triazole) balanced the energy and sensitivity for novel energetic materials.
Intercalation compounds: properties, mechanisms and advanced applications
Authors: Bisio Chiara , Cahen Sébastien , Leroux Fabrice
Published: August 2024

Chiara Bisio, Sébastien Cahen and Fabrice Leroux introduce the Dalton Transactions themed collection on intercalation compounds.
A critical reflection on attempts to machine-learn materials synthesis insights from text-mined literature recipes
Authors: Sun Wenhao , David Nicholas
Published: August 2024

Machine-learned regression or classification models built from historical materials synthesis datasets have limited utility in guiding the predictive synthesis of novel materials, but anomalous recipes can inspire surprising new synthesis strategies.
Alternatives for the extraction of bioactives and biopolymers from Evernia prunastri for the formulation of antimicrobial bio-based films
Authors: Queffelec Julie , Beraud William , Ferron Solenn , Boustie Joël , Rodríguez-González Ismael , Díaz-Reinoso Beatriz , Torres Mª Dolores , Domínguez Herminia
Published: August 2024

The recent growing interest in the biological properties of lichen metabolites has evidenced different needs and challenges for further exploration, including the development of green processing with safer solvents and more efficient use of energy.
Single particle ICP-MS: a tool for the characterization of gold nanoparticles in nanotheranostics applications
Authors: Cabré Meritxell , Fernández Gabriel , González Esther , Abellà Jordi , Verdaguer Ariadna
Published: August 2024

SP-ICP-MS precise evaluation of nanomaterials in clinical samples for nanotheranostic advancements.
Improvements in low-level radionuclide measurement capability through use of the Apex Q sample introduction system combined with ICP-MS/MS
Authors: Russell Ben , Falksohn Frankie , Tribolet Alexandre , Mohamud Hibaaq , Pearson Olivia , Braysher Emma , Burke Saskia , Bhaisare Anu
Published: August 2024

Improvement in sensitivity and interface removal capability for radionuclide measurement using desolvating sample introduction combined with ICP-MS/MS.
Preparation of extracellular matrix materials with antibacterial activity through incorporating biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Han Yuqing , Jiang Jie , Li Jinjin , Zhao Ling , Xi Zhenhao
Published: August 2024

The introduction of tannic acid incorporated zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles is a promising strategy to improve the antibacterial activity of extracellular matrix composites compared to pure ZnO nanoparticles.
Exploring the high catalytic performances of Cu–Co–O/N-doped carbon materials toward the hydrogenation reduction and advanced oxidation reactions of 4-nitrophenol (PNP)
Authors: Li Pingyun , Huang Shiyu , Shen Yanchao , Wang Yadan , Guo Xiaode
Published: August 2024

Cu–Co–O/N-doped carbon catalysts display excellent catalytic performances toward the hydrogenation reduction reaction of 4-nitrophenol (PNP), where a high activity parameter of 300 s−1 g−1 can be obtained when the NaBH4 : PNP molar ratio was 100 : 1.
Preparation of superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic sodium alginate aerogels for efficient oil absorption
Authors: Jiang Yu-Hui , Zhu Kai-Ruo , Xiao Xin-Yu , Zhai Shang-Ru
Published: August 2024

Pseudopolyrotaxane (PPR) involvement in bio-substrate superhydrophobic materials for improving the flexibility of sodium alginate (SA) polysaccharides.
Deep eutectic solvent assisted hydrothermal synthesis of photochromic and nontoxic tungsten oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Ogungbesan Shephrah Olubusola , Ejeromedoghene Onome , Moglie Yanina , Buxaderas Eduardo , Cui Bingbing , Adedokun Rosemary Anwuli , Kalulu Mulenga , Idowu Mopelola Abidemi , Díaz Díaz David , Fu Guodong
Published: August 2024

In this work, hydrothermal methods and deep eutectic solvents were combined for the first time to prepare tungsten trioxide nanoparticles in an easy and green manner improving their optical and photochromic properties.
Metal–organic framework (MOF) based materials: promising candidates for electrocatalytic seawater splitting
Authors: Singh Baghendra , Verma Smriti
Published: August 2024

MOF-based materials for seawater electrolysis have been reviewed with a focus on structure–property–performance.
Synthesis of hydrogels based on sterculia gum-co-poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)-co-poly(vinyl sulfonic acid) for wound dressing and drug-delivery applications
Authors: Kumari Ankita , Singh Baljit
Published: August 2024

Much research is currently focused on designing functional materials derived from sterculia gum (SG) for sustainable development.
Establishing ultraporous permanently polarized hydroxyapatite as a green and highly efficient catalyst for carbon dioxide conversion in continuous flow under mild conditions
Authors: Arnau Marc , Sans Jordi , Turon Pau , Alemán Carlos
Published: August 2024

Ultraporous permanently polarized hydroxyapatite catalysts are successfully used as an alternative to conventional industrial catalysts for the production of value-added chemical products from CO2 under truly sustainable and green conditions.
Inhibitors identify an auxiliary role for mTOR signalling in necroptosis execution downstream of MLKL activation
Authors: Garnish Sarah E. , Horne Christopher R. , Meng Yanxiang , Young Samuel N. , Jacobsen Annette V. , Hildebrand Joanne M. , Murphy James M.
Published: August 2024

Necroptosis is a lytic and pro-inflammatory form of programmed cell death executed by the terminal effector, the MLKL (mixed lineage kinase domain-like) pseudokinase. Downstream of death and Toll-like receptor stimulation, MLKL is trafficked to the plasma membrane via the Golgi-, actin- and microtubule-machinery, where activated MLKL accumulates until a critical lytic threshold is exceeded and cell death ensues. Mechanistically, MLKL's lytic function relies on disengagement of the N-terminal membrane-permeabilising four-helix bundle domain from the central autoinhibitory brace helix: a process that can be experimentally mimicked by introducing the R30E MLKL mutation to induce stimulus-independent cell death. Here, we screened a library of 429 kinase inhibitors for their capacity to block R30E MLKL-mediated cell death, to identify co-effectors in the terminal steps of necroptotic signalling. We identified 13 compounds — ABT-578, AR-A014418, AZD1480, AZD5363, Idelalisib, Ipatasertib, LJI308, PHA-793887, Rapamycin, Ridaforolimus, SMI-4a, Temsirolimus and Tideglusib — each of which inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling or regulators thereof, and blocked constitutive cell death executed by R30E MLKL. Our study implicates mTOR signalling as an auxiliary factor in promoting the transport of activated MLKL oligomers to the plasma membrane, where they accumulate into hotspots that permeabilise the lipid bilayer to cause cell death.
International Sponsored Places: 48th FEBS Congress and 23rd YSF 2024
Authors: Ollett Lucy
Published: August 2024

Each year, the Biochemical Society fully sponsors the attendance of two outstanding postgraduate or early-career members to attend the FEBS Congress and Young Scientists’ Forum (YSF). With a theme of ‘Mining biochemistry for human health and well-being’, the 48th FEBS Congress and 23rd YSF combined research presentations, education-oriented sessions and biochemistry-related economic discussions to showcase the newest developments in health, human well-being and biotechnology. Providing an incredible opportunity to make connections with European colleagues and discuss research with an international audience, we were delighted to offer International Sponsored Places to Emma Ryder (University of Leeds, UK) and Anna Carberry (University of St Andrews, UK) in 2024.

Here, Emma and Anna discuss their experiences at this year’s meetings and highlight the valuable networking and interactions developed as a result of their participation.
Understanding pyrethrin biosynthesis: toward and beyond natural pesticide overproduction
Authors: Matsuda Kazuhiko
Published: August 2024

Pyrethrins are natural insecticides biosynthesised by Asteraceae plants, such as Tanacetum cinerariifolium and have a long history, dating back to ancient times. Pyrethrins are often used as low-persistence and safe insecticides to control household, horticultural, and agricultural insect pests. Despite its long history of use, pyrethrin biosynthesis remains a mystery, presenting a significant opportunity to improve yields and meet the growing demand for organic agriculture. To achieve this, both genetic modification and non-genetic methods, such as chemical activation and priming, are indispensable. Plants use pyrethrins as a defence against herbivores, but pyrethrin biosynthesis pathways are shared with plant hormones and signal molecules. Hence, the insight that pyrethrins may play broader roles than those traditionally expected is invaluable to advance the basic and applied sciences of pyrethrins.
Endothelin-1 down-regulates nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 and contributes to perivascular adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity
Authors: Lima Anna Flavia R. , Rodrigues Daniel , Machado Mirele R. , Oliveira-Neto José Teles , Bressan Alecsander F. M. , Pedersoli Carina A. , Alves Juliano V. , Silva-Neto Júlio A. , Barros Paula R. , Dias Thiago B. , Garcia Luis V. , Bruder-Nascimento Ariane , Bruder-Nascimento Thiago , Carneiro Fernando S. , Leiria Luiz Osório S. , Tostes Rita C. , Costa Rafael M.
Published: August 2024

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) negatively regulates vascular muscle contraction. However, in the context of obesity, the PVAT releases vasoconstrictor substances that detrimentally affect vascular function. A pivotal player in this scenario is the peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1), which induces oxidative stress and disrupts vascular function. The present study postulates that obesity augments ET-1 production in the PVAT, decreases the function of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) transcription factor, further increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, culminating in PVAT dysfunction. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a standard or a high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Mice were also treated with saline or a daily dose of 100 mg·kg−1 of the ETA and ETB receptor antagonist Bosentan, for 7 days. Vascular function was evaluated in thoracic aortic rings, with and without PVAT. Mechanistic studies utilized PVAT from all groups and cultured WT-1 mouse brown adipocytes. PVAT from obese mice exhibited increased ET-1 production, increased ECE1 and ETA gene expression, loss of the anticontractile effect, as well as increased ROS production, decreased Nrf2 activity, and downregulated expression of Nrf2-targeted antioxidant genes. PVAT of obese mice also exhibited increased expression of Tyr216-phosphorylated-GSK3β and KEAP1, but not BACH1 - negative Nrf2 regulators. Bosentan treatment reversed all these effects. Similarly, ET-1 increased ROS generation and decreased Nrf2 activity in brown adipocytes, events mitigated by BQ123 (ETA receptor antagonist). These findings place ET-1 as a major contributor to PVAT dysfunction in obesity and highlight that pharmacological control of ET-1 effects restores PVAT's cardiovascular protective role.
Binary black hole mergers from Population III star clusters
Authors: Mestichelli Benedetta , Mapelli Michela , Torniamenti Stefano , Sedda Manuel Arca , Branchesi Marica , Costa Guglielmo , Iorio Giuliano , Santoliquido Filippo
Published: August 2024

Binary black holes (BBHs) that are born from the evolution of Population III (Pop. III) stars are one of the main high-redshift targets for next-generation ground-based gravitational-wave (GW) detectors. Their predicted initial mass function and lack of metals make them the ideal progenitors of black holes above the upper edge of the pair-instability mass gap, that is, with a mass higher than ~134 (241) M⊙ for stars that become (or do not become) chemically homogeneous during their evolution. We investigate the effects of cluster dynamics on the mass function of BBHs that are born from Pop. III stars by considering the main uncertainties on the mass function of Pop. III stars, the orbital properties of the binary systems, the star cluster mass, and the disruption time. In our dynamical models, at least ~5% and up to 100% BBH mergers in Pop. III star clusters have a primary mass m1 above the upper edge of the pair-instability mass gap. In contrast, only ≲3% isolated BBH mergers have a primary mass above the gap, unless their progenitors evolved as chemically homogeneous stars. The lack of systems with a primary and/or secondary mass inside the gap defines a zone of avoidance with sharp boundaries in the plane of the primary mass-mass ratio. Finally, we estimate the merger rate density of BBHs. In the most optimistic case, we find a maximum of ℛ ~ 200 Gpc-3 yr-1 at ɀ ~ 15 for BBHs that formed via dynamical capture. For comparison, the merger rate density of isolated Pop. III BBHs is ℛ ≤ 10 Gpc−3 yr−1 for the same model of Pop. III star formation history.
Tidal mass loss in the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy through N-body simulations with Gaia DR3-based orbits
Authors: Di Cintio Pierfrancesco , Iorio Giuliano , Calura Francesco , Nipoti Carlo , Cantari Marcello
Published: August 2024

Aims. The Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy (dSph) represents a challenge for some globular cluster (GC) formation models, because an exceptionally high fraction of its stellar mass is locked in its GC system. In order to shed light on our understanding of GC formation, we aim to constrain the amount of stellar mass that Fornax has lost via tidal interaction with the Milky Way (MW).

Methods. Exploiting the flexibility of effective multi-component N-body simulations and relying on state-of-the-art estimates of Fornax’s orbital parameters, we study the evolution of the mass distribution of the Fornax dSph in observationally justified orbits in the gravitational potential of the MW over 12 Gyr.

Results. We find that, though the dark-matter mass loss can be substantial, the fraction of stellar mass lost by Fornax to the MW is always negligible, even in the most eccentric orbit considered.

Conclusions. We conclude that stellar-mass loss due to tidal stripping is not a plausible explanation for the unexpectedly high stellar mass of the GC system of the Fornax dSph and we discuss quantitatively the implications for GC formation scenarios.
Customer Intelligence in the Cultural Sector: The Case of a Quebec Museum
Authors: Le Dinh Thang , Dam Nguyen Anh Khoa , El Ourabi Hédia , Menvielle William , Trespeuch Léo , Zouiten Saïd
Published: August 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened the importance of digital strategies and data use in museums, transforming how they deliver services and engage with audiences. As a result, museums have adapted to new audience profiles and digital methods of organizing and accessing collections to thrive in the post-pandemic era. These organizations have thus generated more and more data without the human and technological resources required to perform the analyses. In addition, the lack of consensus regarding an analytical framework in the academic literature complicates the implementation of customer intelligence among Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and non-profit organizations. To respond to this challenge, this study proposes a customer intelligence process for implementing customer intelligence around four stages: Acquisition - Commitment - Experience - Lifetime Value, associated with three states: Data - Analysis - Key Performance Indicators. The POP Museum, in the Province of Québec, Canada, which has developed online exhibitions and currently uses social media to better get to know its customers, follow their customer journey and ultimately develop customer intelligence, is presented as a case study.
Conduite à tenir face à une diarrhée chronique
chez le furet
Authors: René-Martellet Magalie , Callait-Cardinal Marie-Pierre
Published: August 2024

Les troubles digestifs sont des motifs fréquents de consultation chez le furet. Les causes sont souvent multifactorielles, parfois uniquement liées à des conditions d’entretien inadaptées.
Cet article présente un état des connaissances sur l’anatomie et la physiologie digestive du furet, et ses implications dans la compréhension et la prise en charge des affections digestives chez le furet.
Les principales causes et processus pathologiques impliqués dans l’installation de diarrhées chroniques y sont abordés afin de permettre au praticien de mettre en œuvre une démarche diagnostique raisonnée et d’aboutir à une thérapeutique adaptée.
Pathologische Diagnostik und Biomarker für die perioperative Systemtherapie
Authors: Erber Ramona
Published: August 2024

Eine optimale personalisierte Planung der Therapie beim resezierbaren Lungenkarzinom erfordert eine qualitätsgesicherte, standardisierte und zeitnahe Aufarbeitung von Gewebeproben in pathologischen Laboren sowie die Bestimmung relevanter prädiktiver und prognostischer Biomarker. Die pathologische Diagnostik umfasst die histologische Tumortypisierung, Stadieneinteilung und Tumorgraduierung, Resektionsstatus und ggf. Regressionsgraduierung bei Z. n. neoadjuvanter Systemtherapie. Die histopathologische Typisierung erfolgt nach aktuell gültiger WHO-Klassifikation und umfasst u. a. Adenokarzinome, Plattenepithelkarzinome, andere nicht kleinzellige Lungenkarzinome (NSCLCs), Karzinoide, kleinzellige und großzellige neuroendokrine Karzinome. Eine standardisierte Tumorgraduierung spielt derzeit vor allem beim invasiven nicht muzinösen Adenokarzinom eine wichtige Rolle und ermöglicht eine prognostische Risikoeinschätzung. Ebenso sind die R-Klassifikation und die Regressionsgraduierung
prognostisch relevant. In den frühen Stadien des NSCLC sind molekulare Biomarker wie EGFR, ALK und PD-L1 relevant für eine personalisierte Therapieentscheidung. Die Testung erfolgt an FFPE-Gewebeproben und ist qualitätsgesichert gemäß internationalem Standard durchzuführen.
Aus Fehlern wird man klug? – Eine randomisierte kontrollierte Studie
zum Erwerb von Gesprächsführungswissen anhand positiver vs. gemischter
Therapiemodelle
Authors: Maaß Ulrike , Fehm Lydia , Kühne Franziska , Wenzel Heide , Weck Florian
Published: August 2024

Ziel Die vorliegende Studie vergleicht zwei Arten von therapeutischen
Modellvideos: ein ideales Modell und ein Modell, das Fehler zeigt. Die Idee ist,
dass die bewusste Wahrnehmung von Fehlern eher dabei hilft, ein umfassendes
Verständnis von Gesprächsführungskompetenz aufzubauen als ein idealtypisches
Modell.

Methodik Insgesamt wurden n1=111 Psychologiestudierende und n2=57 Personen
aus der Allgemeinbevölkerung randomisiert einer von zwei Trainingsbedingungen im
Rahmen einer Online-Studie zugeteilt. Während die eine Gruppe in ihrem Training
mit einem positiven Modellvideo ein kurzes, aber kompetentes Gespräch einer
Verhaltenstherapeutin beobachtete, sah die andere Gruppe in ihrem Training ein
gemischtes Modellvideo, das eine Therapeutin mit mittelmäßiger Kompetenz zeigte.
In beiden Trainingsvideos wurde das positive oder negative Verhalten schriftlich
markiert. Vor und nach dem Training bewerteten die Teilnehmenden die Kompetenzen
einer Therapeutin in einer weiteren Gesprächssituation anhand standardisierter
Skalen. Diese Kompetenzbewertungen wurden mit denen von zwei klinischen
Expertinnen verglichen und lieferten so einen Indikator für das konzeptionelle
Wissen der Teilnehmenden über kompetente Gesprächsführung.

Ergebnisse Eine Reihe von ANCOVA-Modellen zeigte, dass die Gruppe, die das
gemischte Modellvideo sah, nach dem Training signifikant weniger von den
Expertinnen abwich als die Gruppe, die das positive Modellvideo sah
(ηp2=0,03–0,10). Allerdings wich die Gruppe, die das positive (vs. gemischte)
Modellvideo sah, nach dem Training auf zwei von drei Kompetenzskalen stärker von
den Expertinnenurteilen ab als vorher (dPrä-Post=0,78–0,82).

Diskussion Insgesamt wurde die Hypothese bestätigt, dass gemischte Modelle
vorteilhaft sind. Die unerwarteten Ergebnisse in der Gruppe mit dem positiven
Modellvideo könnten damit erklärt werden, dass diese einen unrealistisch hohen
Anker setzen, mit dem das spätere Verhalten verglichen wird.

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Neue radioonkologische Therapiekonzepte beim nicht metastasierten Lungenkarzinom
Authors: Sarria Gustavo R. , Wiegreffe Shari , Gkika Eleni
Published: August 2024

Die Strahlentherapie nimmt in der Behandlung des nicht metastasierten Lungenkarzinoms eine entscheidende Rolle ein, da sie sowohl einen kurativen Therapieansatz und zudem eine Verbesserung der krankheitsbedingten Symptome bietet. Als primäre Behandlungsmethode oder als (neo-)adjuvante Therapie nach einer Operation können die Kontroll- und Überlebensraten erhöht und damit die onkologischen Therapieergebnisse verbessert werden. Moderne Techniken wie die stereotaktische Strahlentherapie (SBRT) ermöglichen ein präzises Anvisieren des Tumors, wodurch die Strahlenbelastung des gesunden Gewebes minimiert und die Behandlungsdauer verkürzt werden. Die Synergie zwischen Strahlentherapie und systemischen Behandlungen, einschl. der Immuntherapie, führt zu einer weiteren Verbesserung der Behandlungsergebnisse. Die Immuntherapie verstärkt die körpereigene Immunreaktion gegen Tumorzellen und kann so die Wirksamkeit der Strahlentherapie erhöhen. Gleichermaßen werden die Mechanismen der
Immuntherapie durch das Potenzial der Strahlentherapie, die Mikroumgebung des Tumors zu modulieren, verstärkt. Daher kann eine Kombination aus Strahlen- und Immuntherapie eine bessere Tumorkontrolle und damit Überlebensvorteile für den behandelten Patienten bieten. Zusätzlich maximiert eine multidisziplinäre Therapie aus Strahlentherapie, Chirurgie und Chemotherapie/Immuntherapie die Wirksamkeit der Behandlung und minimiert zeitgleich die Toxizität. In diesem Artikel geben wir einen Überblick über moderne Behandlungstechniken der Strahlentherapie und über mögliche Entwicklungen in naher Zukunft.
Does Differentially Private Synthetic Data Lead to Synthetic Discoveries?
Authors: Montoya Perez Ileana , Movahedi Parisa , Nieminen Valtteri , Airola Antti , Pahikkala Tapio
Published: August 2024

Background Synthetic data have been proposed as a solution for sharing anonymized versions of sensitive biomedical datasets. Ideally, synthetic data should preserve the structure and statistical properties of the original data, while protecting the privacy of the individual subjects. Differential Privacy (DP) is currently considered the gold standard approach for balancing this trade-off.

Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate how trustworthy are group differences discovered by independent sample tests from DP-synthetic data. The evaluation is carried out in terms of the tests' Type I and Type II errors. With the former, we can quantify the tests' validity, i.e., whether the probability of false discoveries is indeed below the significance level, and the latter indicates the tests' power in making real discoveries.

Methods We evaluate the Mann–Whitney U test, Student's t-test, chi-squared test, and median test on DP-synthetic data. The private synthetic datasets are generated from real-world data, including a prostate cancer dataset (n = 500) and a cardiovascular dataset (n = 70,000), as well as on bivariate and multivariate simulated data. Five different DP-synthetic data generation methods are evaluated, including two basic DP histogram release methods and MWEM, Private-PGM, and DP GAN algorithms.

Conclusion A large portion of the evaluation results expressed dramatically inflated Type I errors, especially at levels of ϵ ≤ 1. This result calls for caution when releasing and analyzing DP-synthetic data: low p-values may be obtained in statistical tests simply as a byproduct of the noise added to protect privacy. A DP Smoothed Histogram-based synthetic data generation method was shown to produce valid Type I error for all privacy levels tested but required a large original dataset size and a modest privacy budget (ϵ ≥ 5) in order to have reasonable Type II error levels.
On the nature of as-grown and irradiation-induced Ga vacancy defects in β-Ga2O3
Authors: Zhelezova Iuliia , Makkonen Ilja , Tuomisto Filip
Published: August 2024

We have applied positron annihilation spectroscopy to study the vacancy-type defects in β-Ga2O3 single crystals. The three different types of crystals were prepared by Czochralski and edge-defined film-fed growth and doped with Fe, Mg, and Sn for semi-insulating and n-type characteristics. The crystals were also subjected to 6-MeV proton irradiation for controlled introduction of mono-vacancy defects. Positron lifetime and the details of the anisotropy of the Doppler broadening signals were measured as a function of temperature, and the results were compared with the annihilation signals predicted by theoretical calculations. We find Ga vacancies in all three basic split Ga vacancy configurations to dominate the positron data in the as-grown crystals. In contrast, unrelaxed Ga vacancies are found as the main defect introduced by the irradiation.
Precise detection of trace magnetic nanoparticles based on spin-exchange-relaxation-free magnetometers
Authors: He Xiang , Ma Yueliang , Chen Yuhai , Xu Zhenyuan , Li Yixiao , Wu Leyuan , Ruan Yi , Zheng Wenqiang , Li Kan , Lin Qiang
Published: August 2024

The precise quantitative analysis of magnetic nanoparticles is crucial for their applications in biomedicine. This work presents the research and development of a measurement system based on a compact spin–exchange–relaxation–free atomic magnetometer, capable of rapidly detecting the concentration and flow rate of magnetic nanoparticles in solution. By designing spatial magnetic field gradients, the system creates a quasi-zero field environment for the magnetometer while providing a large excitation magnetic field for the magnetic nanoparticles. The droplet method facilitates the preparation of minimal amounts of nanoparticle samples. With a sensitivity of 25 fT/Hz, the magnetometer system can measure concentrations as low as 0.1 mg/ml in a 2 μl sample, corresponding to a nanoparticle mass of 200 ng, with a measurement error of less than 11.8 ng. This method's strengths lie in its minimal sample consumption and single-measurement low mistake, rendering it highly suitable for rapid detection or applications involving small-volume samples, particularly in immunoassay reagents. In addition to measuring particle concentration, this system can also monitor the flow rate of nanoparticles during the measurement process, providing a noninvasive means for dynamic monitoring.
Probing the mechanism underlying preshock desensitization of heterogeneous explosives via meso-resolved simulations
Authors: Wang Ziwei , Xue Kun , Mi Xiaocheng
Published: August 2024

To analyze the mechanism underlying preshock desensitization of heterogeneous explosives, two-dimensional, meso-resolved simulations were conducted to capture the shock-to-detonation transition (SDT) process in mixtures of liquid nitromethane (NM) with air-filled cavities. These simulations explicitly consider temperature-dependent Arrhenius chemical kinetics and a statistically significant number of heterogeneities, without relying on phenomenological models to account for the meso-scale effects of these heterogeneities. The simulations successfully capture the preshock desensitization phenomenon in heterogeneous explosives. For a weak preshock (where the timescale of cavity collapse is similar to the characteristic time that the preshock sweeps through the cavity), the double-shocked heterogeneous NM mixture exhibits a significantly longer SDT time (i.e., quantified as detonation overtake time tot) than in the single-shock scenario with the same post-shock pressure, indicating preshock desensitization occurs. The fact that the cavities are collapsed by the preshock and the lower post-shock temperature indicates that preshock desensitization is governed by a combined mechanism of mesoscale heterogeneity removal and a lower post-shock temperature. Both partially and fully desensitized effects are observed. In the partially desensitized case, no hot spots are formed behind the preshock, and the SDT process is initiated by the second shock. In contrast, the fully desensitized effect exhibits minimal occurrence of strong chemical reactions behind the second shock, with an SDT being triggered after the shock coalescence. There is critical threshold of post-shock temperature behind the second shock that can achieve SDT before shock coalescence under a weak preshock, distinguishing partially vs fully desensitized effects. The critical threshold value mentioned above is likely to be equal to the critical initiation temperature (rather than pressure) in homogeneous NM under single-shock scenarios.
Liquid state theory of the structure of model polymerized ionic liquids
Authors: Das Ankita , Mei Baicheng , Sokolov Alexei P. , Kumar Rajeev , Schweizer Kenneth S.
Published: August 2024

We employ polymer integral equation theory to study a simplified model of semiflexible polymerized ionic liquids (PolyILs) that interact via hard core repulsions and short range screened Coulomb interactions. The multi-scale structure in real and Fourier space of PolyILs (ions chosen to mimic Li, Na, K, Br, PF6, and TFSI) are determined as a function of melt density, Coulomb interaction strength, and ion size. Comparisons with a homopolymer melt, a neutral polymer–solvent-like athermal mixture, and an atomic ionic liquid are carried out to elucidate the distinct manner that ions mediate changes of polymer packing, the role of excluded volume effects, and the influence of chain connectivity, respectively. The effect of Coulomb strength depends in a rich manner on ion size and density, reflecting the interplay of steric packing, ion adsorption, and charge layering. Ion-mediated bridging of monomers is found, which intensifies for larger ions. Intermediate range charge layering correlations are characterized by a many-body screening length that grows with PolyIL density, cooling, and Coulomb strength, in disagreement with Debye–Hückel theory, but in accord with experiments. Qualitative differences in the collective structure, including an ion-size-dependent bifurcation of the polymer structure factor peak and pair correlation function, are predicted. The monomer cage order parameter increases significantly, but its collective ion counterpart decreases, as ions become smaller. Such behaviors allow one to categorize PolyILs into two broad classes of small and large ions. Dynamical implications of the predicted structural results are qualitatively discussed.
Self-frequency-modulated laser combs
Authors: Roy Mithun , Zeng Tianyi , Burghoff David
Published: August 2024

Optical frequency combs with equidistant frequency modes have revolutionized metrology and spectroscopy. The most widespread combs consist of periodic pulse trains generated by mode-locked lasers. However, it has recently been demonstrated that most semiconductor lasers based on Fabry–Pérot cavities, such as quantum well laser diodes, quantum cascade lasers, and quantum dot lasers, can enter an unconventional regime without traditional mode-locking mechanisms. The time-domain profile of these self-locked combs features a frequency-modulated (FM) wave with quasi-continuous-wave intensity and near-linear frequency chirp. The observation of the FM mode of operation in lasers with significantly different dynamics suggested that this mode is a fundamental operating state of semiconductor lasers, stemming from a deeper underlying mechanism. Thanks to recent theoretical and experimental advances, the origin of FM behavior has become clear. In this Perspective, we discuss the current status of FM combs in semiconductor lasers based on Fabry–Pérot cavities, focusing on their physical origin, modeling, characterization, bandwidth enhancement, and potential in future applications.
Unraveling the near vicinity pressure field of a transversely spinning cricket ball
Authors: Faazil Aafrein Begam , Farhatnuha Abdul Rahim , Siddharth Kizhakkelan Sudhakaran
Published: August 2024

We report an experimental study on the pressure field changes caused by the transverse spinning of a cricket ball in a wind tunnel. The study focuses on modern cricket techniques where bowlers deliver the ball with near-horizontal arms. Using a wake survey rake pressure measurement system and simultaneous traversal-imaging methodology, the study investigates pressure changes at constant Reynolds number and varying spin parameters. Key findings include the expansion and intensification of low-pressure zones near the ball when spin is applied, with these zones shifting and diminishing downstream. At higher spin rates, a persistent bi-lobed low-pressure zone is observed. The results align with Magnus effect theories and provide valuable insights for improving unconventional bowling techniques in cricket.
Deeper-band electron contributions to stopping power of silicon for low-energy ions
Authors: Matias F. , Grande P. L. , Koval N. E. , Shorto J. M. B. , Silva T. F. , Arista N. R.
Published: August 2024

This study provides accurate results for the electronic stopping cross sections of H, He, N, and Ne in silicon in low to intermediate energy ranges using various non-perturbative theoretical methods, including real-time time-dependent density functional theory, transport cross section, and induced-density approach. Recent experimental findings [Ntemou et al., Phys. Rev. B 107, 155145 (2023)] revealed discrepancies between the estimates of density functional theory and the observed values. We show that these discrepancies vanish by considering the nonuniform electron density of the deeper silicon bands for ion velocities approaching zero (v → 0). This indicates that mechanisms such as “elevator” and “promotion,” which can dynamically excite deeper-band electrons, are active, enabling a localized free-electron gas to emulate ion energy loss, as pointed out by Lim et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 043201 (2016)]. The observation and the description of a velocity-proportionality breakdown in electronic stopping cross sections at very low velocities are considered to be a signature of the contributions of deeper-band electrons.