bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revealing the potential of solute carrier family 31 (copper transporters), member 1: Insights into its role in bladder cancer progression and therapeutic implications
Authors: Lin Yun-Zhi , Liu Wei-hui , Wu Yu-Peng , Cai Hai , Zheng Qing-Shui , Wei Yong , Xu Ning , Xue Xue-Yi
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Bladder cancer represents a significant public health concern with diverse genetic alterations influencing disease onset, progression, and therapy response. In this study, we explore the multifaceted role of Solute Carrier Family 31 Member 1 (SLC31A1) in bladder cancer, a pivotal gene involved in copper homeostasis. Methods: Our research involved analyzing the SLC31A1 gene expression via RT-qPCR, promoter methylation via targeted bisulfite sequencing, and mutational status via Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) using the clinical samples sourced by the local bladder cancer patients. Later on, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets were utilized for validation purposes. Moreover, prognostic significance, gene enrichment terms, and therapeutic drugs of SLC31A1 were also explored using KM Plotter, DAVID, and DrugBank databases. Results: We observed that SLC31A1 was significantly up-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels in bladder cancer tissue samples, suggesting its potential involvement in bladder cancer development and progression. Furthermore, our investigation into the methylation status revealed that SLC31A1 was significantly hypomethylated in bladder cancer tissues, which may contribute to its overexpression. The ROC analysis of the SLC31A1 gene indicated promising diagnostic potential, emphasizing its relevance in distinguishing bladder cancer patients from normal individuals. However, it is crucial to consider other factors such as cancer stage, metastasis, and recurrence for a more accurate evaluation in the clinical context. Interestingly, mutational analysis of SLC31A1 demonstrated only benign mutations, indicating their unknown role in the SLC31A1 disruption. In addition to its diagnostic value, high SLC31A1 expression was associated with poorer overall survival (OS) in bladder cancer patients, shedding light on its prognostic relevance. Gene enrichment analysis indicated that SLC31A1 could influence metabolic and copper-related processes, further underscoring its role in bladder cancer. Lastly, we explored the DrugBank database to identify potential therapeutic agents capable of reducing SLC31A1 expression. Our findings unveiled six important drugs with the potential to target SLC31A1 as a treatment strategy. Conclusion: Our comprehensive investigation highlights SLC31A1 as a promising biomarker for bladder cancer development, progression, and therapy.
Uncovering novel therapeutic targets in glucose, nucleotides and lipids metabolism during cancer and neurological diseases
Authors: Jovičić Snežana M
Published: May 2024

Background

Cell metabolism functions without a stop in normal and pathological cells. Different metabolic changes occur in the disease. Cell metabolism influences biochemical and metabolic processes, signaling pathways, and gene regulation. Knowledge regarding disease metabolism is limited.

Objective

The review examines the cell metabolism of glucose, nucleotides, and lipids during homeostatic and pathological conditions of neurotoxicity, neuroimmunological disease, Parkinson’s disease, thymoma in myasthenia gravis, and colorectal cancer.

Methods

Data collection includes electronic databases, the National Center for Biotechnology Information, and Google Scholar, with several inclusion criteria: cell metabolism, glucose metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and lipid metabolism in health and disease patients suffering from neurotoxicity, neuroinflammation, Parkinson’s disease, thymoma in myasthenia gravis. The initial number of collected and analyzed papers is 250. The final analysis included 150 studies out of 94 selected papers. After the selection process, 62.67% remains useful.

Results and Conclusion

A literature search shows that signaling molecules are involved in metabolic changes in cells. Differences between cancer and neuroimmunological diseases are present in the result section. Our finding enables insight into novel therapeutic targets and the development of scientific approaches for cancer and neurological disease onset, outcome, progression, and treatment, highlighting the importance of metabolic dysregulation. Current understanding, emerging research technologies and potential therapeutic interventions in metabolic programming is disucussed and highlighted.
Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2023 Update on Clinical Guidelines for Management of Major Depressive Disorder in Adults: Réseau canadien pour les traitements de l'humeur et de l'anxiété (CANMAT) 2023 : Mise à jour des lignes directrices cliniques pour la prise en charge du trouble dépressif majeur chez les adultes
Authors: Lam Raymond W. , Kennedy Sidney H. , Adams Camelia , Bahji Anees , Beaulieu Serge , Bhat Venkat , Blier Pierre , Blumberger Daniel M. , Brietzke Elisa , Chakrabarty Trisha , Do André , Frey Benicio N. , Giacobbe Peter , Gratzer David , Grigoriadis Sophie , Habert Jeffrey , Ishrat Husain M. , Ismail Zahinoor , McGirr Alexander , McIntyre Roger S. , Michalak Erin E. , Müller Daniel J. , Parikh Sagar V. , Quilty Lena S. , Ravindran Arun V. , Ravindran Nisha , Renaud Johanne , Rosenblat Joshua D. , Samaan Zainab , Saraf Gayatri , Schade Kathryn , Schaffer Ayal , Sinyor Mark , Soares Claudio N. , Swainson Jennifer , Taylor Valerie H. , Tourjman Smadar V. , Uher Rudolf , van Ameringen Michael , Vazquez Gustavo , Vigod Simone , Voineskos Daphne , Yatham Lakshmi N. , Milev Roumen V.
Published: May 2024

Background

The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) last published clinical guidelines for the management of major depressive disorder (MDD) in 2016. Owing to advances in the field, an update was needed to incorporate new evidence and provide new and revised recommendations for the assessment and management of MDD in adults.

Methods

CANMAT convened a guidelines editorial group comprised of academic clinicians and patient partners. A systematic literature review was conducted, focusing on systematic reviews and meta-analyses published since the 2016 guidelines. Recommendations were organized by lines of treatment, which were informed by CANMAT-defined levels of evidence and supplemented by clinical support (consisting of expert consensus on safety, tolerability, and feasibility). Drafts were revised based on review by patient partners, expert peer review, and a defined expert consensus process.

Results

The updated guidelines comprise eight primary topics, in a question-and-answer format, that map a patient care journey from assessment to selection of evidence-based treatments, prevention of recurrence, and strategies for inadequate response. The guidelines adopt a personalized care approach that emphasizes shared decision-making that reflects the values, preferences, and treatment history of the patient with MDD. Tables provide new and updated recommendations for psychological, pharmacological, lifestyle, complementary and alternative medicine, digital health, and neuromodulation treatments. Caveats and limitations of the evidence are highlighted.

Conclusions

The CANMAT 2023 updated guidelines provide evidence-informed recommendations for the management of MDD, in a clinician-friendly format. These updated guidelines emphasize a collaborative, personalized, and systematic management approach that will help optimize outcomes for adults with MDD.
Dividing Highways: Barrier Effects and Environmental Justice in California
Authors: Millard-Ball Adam , Silverstein Ben , Kapshikar Purva , Stevenson Sierra , Barrington-Leigh Chris
Published: May 2024

We examine the barrier effects of freeways in California. We analyze the association between freeways and nearby street network connectivity and quantify the frequency and quality of crossings—underpasses or bridges that enable pedestrians and cyclists to cross the freeway. We find that barrier effects are most pronounced in communities of color. We also find that even where crossings exist, they are unpleasant or even hazardous for pedestrians and cyclists because of high-speed traffic on on- and off-ramps, and because large volumes of traffic are funneled through a small number of crossings rather than being distributed over a wider network.
Current Advances in Artificial Intelligence in the Field of Aesthetic Surgery and Breast Augmentation: Short Review
Authors: Supramaniam Senthil Kumar
Published: May 2024

Study design:

This review is structured as a systematic analysis of the literature to evaluate the impacts of artificial intelligence (AI) on the field of plastic surgery, with a focus on breast augmentation and aesthetic surgical procedures. Key areas of exploration include advancements in machine-learning techniques relevant to plastic surgery, the integration of AI into preoperative planning processes, and the historical evolution of AI in aesthetic surgery. The review also systematically assesses current AI tools specifically developed for breast augmentation, such as 3D imaging and predictive analytics, to understand their efficacy and role in clinical practice.

Objective:

This article explores the current state and future prospects of AI in plastic surgery, with a focus on breast augmentation and aesthetic procedures. Emphasis is placed on the benefits, challenges, and the imperative for collaborative efforts in the integration of AI technologies.

Methods:

Advancements in machine-learning algorithms and AI technologies are examined for their potential in automating the assessment and enhancement of surgical skills. The role of AI in facilitating objective evaluations in aesthetic surgery is discussed, addressing challenges such as the lack of standardized training datasets and integration issues. The importance of mitigating potential biases introduced by AI to ensure objectivity in patient assessments is highlighted.

Results:

The article discusses the historical evolution of AI, from Alan Turing’s conceptualization to contemporary applications in aesthetic surgery. Artificial intelligence’s ability to analyze vast patient datasets is explored, showcasing its potential for offering personalized treatment recommendations and improving accuracy over time. Specific AI tools for breast augmentation, including Canfield Mirror, QuantifiCare LifeViz Infinity Pro, Crisalix, BreastGAN, Arbrea Breast Software (ABS), and Deep Surface AI, are examined in detail, emphasizing their advantages and drawbacks.

Conclusions:

Evaluation of clinical photography techniques, relying on specific hardware, is presented, with consideration given to the potential of AI-based illumination systems to enhance consistency in preoperative images. The review concludes by envisioning the transformative future of AI in aesthetic surgery, considering its untapped potential in diagnostic imaging, personalized treatment plans, and enhanced surgical precision through integration with virtual and augmented reality. Despite challenges, the promises of AI in personalized treatments, precise patient care, and improved surgical assistance suggest a transformative future for plastic surgery, contingent on addressing current concerns. Collaborative efforts are deemed essential for the successful implementation of AI technologies in the field.
Healthcare-associated infections in Iranian pediatric and adult intensive care units: A comprehensive review of risk factors, etiology, molecular epidemiology, antimicrobial sensitivity, and prevention strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Safarabadi Mehdi , Motallebirad Tahereh , Azadi Davood , Jadidi Ali
Published: May 2024

The current review article provides a comprehensive analysis of nosocomial infections in pediatric and adult intensive care units (ICUs) in Iran. We examine the risk factors and etiology of nosocomial infections, with a particular focus on molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial sensitivity. In this article, we explore a range of prevention strategies, including hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, environmental cleaning, antibiotic stewardship, education, and training. Moreover, we discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on infection control measures in ICUs and provide valuable insights for healthcare professionals and policymakers seeking to address this critical public health issue. In conclusion, this review article can serve as a valuable resource for those interested in understanding and improving infection control in ICUs and beyond.
Blood RNA Biomarkers Identify Bacterial and Biofilm Coinfections in COVID-19 Intensive Care Patients
Authors: Cruz Philip Dela , Wargowsky Richard , Gonzalez-Almada Alberto , Sifontes Erick Perez , Shaykhinurov Eduard , Jaatinen Kevin , Jepson Tisha , Lafleur John E. , Yamane David , Perkins John , Pasquale Mary , Giang Brian , McHarg Matthew , Falk Zach , McCaffrey Timothy A.
Published: May 2024

Purpose: Secondary opportunistic coinfections are a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, but can be difficult to identify. Presently, new blood RNA biomarkers were tested in ICU patients to diagnose viral, bacterial, and biofilm coinfections. Methods: COVID-19 ICU patients had whole blood drawn in RNA preservative and stored at −80°C. Controls and subclinical infections were also studied. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) quantified 6 RNA biomarkers of host neutrophil activation to bacterial (DEFA1), biofilm (alkaline phosphatase [ALPL], IL8RB/CXCR2), and viral infections (IFI27, RSAD2). Viral titer in blood was measured by ddPCR for SARS-CoV2 (SCV2). Results: RNA biomarkers were elevated in ICU patients relative to controls. DEFA1 and ALPL RNA were significantly higher in severe versus incidental/moderate cases. SOFA score was correlated with white blood cell count (0.42), platelet count (−0.41), creatinine (0.38), and lactate dehydrogenase (0.31). ALPL RNA (0.59) showed the best correlation with SOFA score. IFI27 (0.52) and RSAD2 (0.38) were positively correlated with SCV2 viral titer. Overall, 57.8% of COVID-19 patients had a positive RNA biomarker for bacterial or biofilm infection. Conclusions: RNA biomarkers of host neutrophil activation indicate the presence of bacterial and biofilm coinfections in most COVID-19 patients. Recognizing coinfections may help to guide the treatment of ICU patients.
Are principals really tireless? Conceptualizing the role of sleep in school leadership
Authors: Su-Keene Eleanor J. , DeMatthews David E. , Keene Alex C.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this conceptual paper is to highlight the impacts of psychological and biological health on the principalship, particularly as it relates to sleep. Job-related stress, heavy workloads, and unpredictable work schedules can impact principals’ mental health, diet, and consumptive behaviors, which can disrupt the much-needed restorative sleep for healthy cognition, physiological functioning, and efficacious leadership. We turn the field's attention towards the importance of quality sleep and how it impacts personal health and occupational performance. We provide a robust interdisciplinary review of literature on precursors and outcomes of poor sleep quality as it pertains to school leaders both personally and professionally. Empirical recommendations for improving sleep quality along with recommendations for preparation programs and the field of educational leadership are discussed.
From Trolling Victimization to Reactive Trolling: Moderated Mediation Effects of Online Disinhibition and Motivations
Authors: Mao Yuanyi , Hu Bo
Published: May 2024

Online trolling behavior is becoming prevalent and has received increasing attention. Although few qualitative studies demonstrated that victims of online trolling are more likely to troll others, quantitative evidence examining such a phenomenon is lacking. Drawing on the general aggression model, this study aimed to investigate how trolling victimization affects reactive trolling behaviors and the roles of two motivations (i.e., revenge and social recognition) and online disinhibition during the process. Results from an online survey in China ( N = 626) showed that online trolling victimization was positively associated with online reactive trolling and this relationship was mediated by revenge and social recognition motivations. Additionally, the indirect effect of trolling victimization on reactive trolling via revenge motivation was more pronounced when individuals had higher levels of online disinhibition. The findings of the study extend the existing literature on online trolling and provide insights into the mitigation of online trolling behaviors.
Use and Abuse of Social Media as a Punitive Remedy in Light of Criminal Law: A Tool or a Court? Analysis of the Chilean Regulation
Authors: Castillo Ara Alejandra
Published: May 2024

Over the last few years, Chile’s judicial system has witnessed a rise in criminal assumptions generated through social networks, under its hypotheses of funas, doxing, flagging or, in general, the exposure of the personal data of an individual, whether motivated by the performance of conduct of criminal relevance or simply of dubious morality or social appropriateness. Although these conducts originated as a form of digital social empowerment, they have turned into a criminal matter on their own right, posing a series of issues regarding the correct application of the law and casting doubt on the appropriate legal mechanisms to handle these types of accusations, as cases involving these kinds of conducts have been resolved both on a criminal and constitutional level. Thus, the purpose of this article is to determine whether the current Chilean national regulation provides sufficient tools that, with a reasonable interpretation, allow it to correctly handle these sorts of cases. Moreover, this article aims to, through a comprehensive analysis of Germany’s current legislation, determine whether Chile requires a new all-encompassing regulatory approach to these hypotheses similar to the German solution, or if the current rules provide a proper solution to the problem of public personal data exposure on social media as a dangerous behaviour for the person whose data is being exposed.
Nonprofit Human Resources: Crisis Impacts and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Young Sarah L. , Wiley Kimberly K. , Searing Elizabeth A. M.
Published: May 2024

This study empirically evaluates the relationships between the state and human service nonprofits’ human resources during a crisis. We employ qualitative content analysis to critically assess the experiences of 31 nonprofits that experienced the 2015 to 2017 Illinois Budget Impasse. We evaluated the nonprofits’ strategic human resource management implications through a resource dependency lens at three levels: micro-, meso-, and macro-. Human service nonprofits pull from a toolbox of strategies in surprising ways. Strategy choices were intrinsically linked to the impacts experienced by the individual workers (micro-) and organization (meso-). Micro-level impacts included additional emotional labor and reduced benefits, while meso-level impacts included loss of capacity and short-term planning changes. Finally, the sector-level impacts included a multipronged brain drain of the nonprofit human resource industry. The findings are helpful for nonprofit employees, managers, policy-makers, and anyone concerned about the delivery of social services by nonprofits during crises.
Rethinking the designs of private spaces in kindergartens through the views of children
Authors: Sevinçli Nalan , Şahin B. Ece
Published: May 2024

Despite insufficient attention, children have the right to a quality educational environment that respects their need for privacy and is designed with their participation. The study aims to seek how to design better private space in kindergarten with the help of the children’s perspective. Spatial typologies created by scrutinizing kindergarten environments have been submitted to children’s evaluation. In the participatory study conducted in one private kindergarten in Turkey, 20 children aged 5 to 6 have conveyed their thoughts through drawings, group and individual interviews. Data analysis shows that private spaces that have escape holes, allow personal choices, formable, relate its form to confidence and imagination, and provide comfort, support children’s privacy needs. Design proposals for spatial typologies have been developed to contribute to academic and practical fields by discussing the impact of this issue on child development.
Working like Machines: Technological Upgrading and Labour in the Dutch Agri-food Chain
Authors: Siegmann Karin Astrid , Ivošević Petar , Visser Oane
Published: May 2024

This article engages with the role of technological upgrading for work in agriculture, a sector commonly disregarded in debates about the future of work. Foregrounding migrant work in Dutch horticulture, it explores how technological innovation is connected to the scope and security of employment. Besides, it proposes a heuristic that connects workers’ experience to sectoral dynamics and the wider agri-food chain. Our analysis reads data from a small-scale qualitative study with different actors in the Dutch agri-food sector through the lens of the global value chain literature. Nuancing pessimistic predictions of widespread technological unemployment, we find product upgrading into high value-added products, and process upgrading, such as through climate control in greenhouses, to offer the potential for more and secure employment. However, higher work intensity and the dismantling of entitlements for rest and reproduction to ‘make people work like machines’ represent the underbelly of these dynamics.
Effects of rotational speed on transient cooling performance of nozzle spray with liquid nitrogen in a rotor-stator cavity
Authors: Yang Xuesen , Zhao Wei , Zhang Binglong , Ren Sanqun , Xiang Xiaorong , Zhao Qingjun
Published: May 2024

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation into the cooling performance of a rotor-stator cavity with liquid nitrogen spraying. The experiments were conducted under varying rotational Reynolds numbers ranging from 1.70 × 106 to 5.12 × 106. The effects of rotational speed on temperature drop rate are studied and compared in detail, as well as the heat transfer coefficient distribution. Sufficient data, such as heat flux, injection rate, and injection pressure, were collected to provide a basis for further study in explaining the spray and evaporation over the cavity. It was found that the cooling performance of the rotating disc is strongly affected by the rotational speed. The short-term period exhibits a peak cooling rate of 14°C/s, in contrast to the sustained cooling rate during the spray process at rotational speeds of 500r/min, which amounts to 0.9°C/s. The occurrence of cavitation and evaporation within the nozzle results in a reduction of flow coefficient and fluctuation of the injection differential pressure. The transient cooling performance is well-explained by the temperature changes and cooling-down time under different rotational speeds. The analysis of the heat transfer coefficient is further enhanced through an evaluation of the convective and conductive heat transfer rates using a one-dimensional theoretical approach. The average temperature of the disc is expected to decrease by 100°C within a time frame no longer than 120 s. Additionally, after a duration of 120 s, the average heat transfer rate on the cold side is anticipated to surpass 8000 W/(m·K).
Archaeobotanical data from the Sabor Valley reveal shifting moments in landscape and agriculture in NW Iberia during the Holocene
Authors: Tereso João Pedro , Oliveira Cláudia , Costa Vaz Filipe , Seabra Luís
Published: May 2024

NW Iberia is dominated by Atlantic climate areas that favour pollen preservation, useful for palaeoecological studies. However, the region also includes Mediterranean sectors in which preservation of such palaeoenvironmental evidence is more difficult. To overcome these constraints, archaeological plant macroremains can be used to help characterize flora and vegetation dynamics at a local and regional level. To fill the gap in knowledge in an understudied Mediterranean region, a large archaeobotanical study was conducted at the river Sabor valley, NE Portugal. With 13 archaeological sites sampled for charcoal, fruits and seeds, it allowed the study of vegetation throughout the Holocene, starting in the Mesolithic up to Modern times, with some chronological gaps. Tree taxa dominates the older period and an expansion of shrubby taxa since Bronze age was observed. Diversification of plants used during the Iron Age and Roman period suggests an intensification of resources exploitation and deforestation. These trends seem to be related with changes in human settlements and productive strategies. During Prehistory, agricultural fields were established in flat and wide areas, and, during Iron Age, fortified granaries were used to store large amounts of grains, particularly free-threshing wheat. Drastic changes in settlement during Roman times and the establishment of small farms producing wine and/or olive oil were testified by the occurrence of Olea and Vitis in both anthracological and carpological datasets. Data from more recent periods is scarce. Results highlight that the combination of several proxies and integration of archaeological evidence helps to understand ecological dynamics in areas without pollen data and contributes to the characterization of heterogeneous areas under diverse climatic conditions and with a variety of social trends.
Two millennia of climate change, wildfires, and caribou hunting in west Greenland
Authors: Strunk Astrid , Krüger Sascha , Jensen Jens Fog , Olsen Jesper , Jessen Catherine
Published: May 2024

Changing climatic conditions is a perpetual circumstance for mankind. In this study, we investigate local environmental and climatic changes near Kangerlussuaq, west Greenland. Our reconstruction is based on a lake sediment core and methods include chemical proxies and a palynological analysis. The investigated site is located 15 km from the Aasivissuit Inuit summer hunting ground, which has been in use for caribou hunting for more than 2000 years. The presented climatic reconstruction covers the time from c. 560 CE to present time. We identify three distinct periods of climate regimes: From c. 560–1100 CE conditions were stable, warm and humid, and summer temperatures were 1.5–2°C warmer than today. 1100–1600 was a period of cooler and very arid conditions with more sea ice, corresponding to the Neoglacial cooling. In this period, we detect two wildfire events and subsequent temporary caribou abandonment of the area. From 1600 to present we find increasingly warmer conditions with more precipitation and less extensive sea ice cover, gradually approaching today’s climate regime in Kangerlussuaq. We review the existing literature regarding the Aasivissuit summer hunting ground, which was first used concurrently with the detected cooling. Despite climatic deterioration, the hunting ground was regularly in use throughout the Neoglacial and onwards, with peak hunting intensity in the early 1700s. The detected wildfires and reindeer abandonment are interpreted to be localized events at the coring site and did not affect the hunting ground. Our findings highlight the resilience of the Inuit hunters to climatic changes as well as the advantages and limitations of local environmental reconstructions.
Scales of plant stewardship in the precontact Pacific Northwest, USA
Authors: Carney Molly , Connolly Thomas
Published: May 2024

Numerous oral histories and substantial ethnographic evidence illustrate how plant species, communities, and even landscapes were extensively managed and cared for by ancestral communities in the Pacific Northwest. Camas ( Camassia spp.) is one such cultural keystone plant, common from the Pacific Ocean to the Rocky Mountains, with numerous records describing its role as a staple food for many Northwest peoples. Supporting deep time archeological evidence for such management or stewardship practices, however, has remained elusive. In this paper we analyze archived collections of archeological camas bulbs from 11 sites across the Willamette Valley, Oregon to demonstrate people began preparing camas within earth ovens by approximately 8000 calendar years before present and deliberately harvesting sexually mature camas plants circa 3500 calendar years before present. We compare these findings with climatological, palynological, and fire history reconstructions to discuss stewardship strategies for camas and associated plant communities through time at the population, community, and landscape levels. These findings confirm and expand upon Indigenous knowledges as well as offer time-tested methods for cultural keystone conservationists seeking to revitalize traditional plant stewardship practices throughout this region and beyond. This “camas case study” also offers another example of a human-plant symbiotic relationship, expanding our knowledge of plant food pathways, processes, and mutualisms.
Environmental ethics and ancient philosophy: A complicated affair
Authors: Torres Jorge
Published: May 2024

This article provides a comprehensive review of the rather intricate relationship between contemporary environmental ethics, understood as a philosophical branch, and ancient philosophy . While its primary focus is on Western philosophy, it also includes some brief yet crucial considerations about the influence of Eastern traditions of thought on environmental ethics. Aside from the introduction in the first section, the discussion is organised into three main sections. In the Reception: Ancient philosophy in environmental ethics section, I review the initial reception of ancient philosophy in contemporary environmental ethics. Next, in the Reaction: Environmental ethics in ancient philosophy scholarship section, I examine how the scholarship in AP responded to this early reception. I conclude, in the final section, with some constructive suggestions for future research.
Advance directives need full legal status in persons with dementia
Authors: Hart Dean Evan
Published: May 2024

Currently, in the United States, there is no legal obligation for medical professionals or civil courts to uphold patients’ Advance Directives (ADs) regarding end-of-life care. The applicability and standing of ADs prepared by Alzheimer’s patients is a persistent issue in bioethics. Those who argue against giving ADs full status take two main approaches: (1) appealing to beneficence on behalf of the Alzheimer’s patient and (2) claiming that there is no longer any personal equivalence between the AD’s creator and the subject of the AD. In this paper, I present profound arguments against both approaches. Firstly, I argue that the principle of beneficence cannot apply in the case of Alzheimer’s patients, and, secondly, that the moral and legal authority of the AD need not depend on strict equivalence of personal identity. I conclude by arguing that valid ADs protect the dignity and autonomy of Alzheimer’s patients and that, therefore, there are moral obligations to uphold ADs which should be reflected in public policy and legislation.
Laboratory investigation of causes of bovine abortion and stillbirth in the Republic of Korea, 2014–2020
Authors: Kim Jongho , Kim Jong Wan , Lee Kyoung-Ki , Lee Kyunghyun , Ku Bok-Kyung , Kim Ha-Young
Published: May 2024

Bovine abortion is a critical problem in the cattle industry. Identifying causes of abortion is key to establishing appropriate herd management and prevention strategies. We used pathology examinations, detection of etiologic agents, and serology to determine the cause of bovine abortions in Korea. We analyzed 360 abortion and stillbirth cases submitted to the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency from December 2014 to January 2020. The putative cause of abortion was identified in 140 of 360 (38.9%) cases; 124 of the 140 (88.6%) cases were attributed to infections. The most common etiologic agents detected were bovine viral diarrhea virus (65 of 360; 18.1%), Coxiella burnetii (19 of 360; 5.3%), Leptospira spp. (13 of 360; 3.6%), Listeria monocytogenes (9 of 360; 2.5%), and Neospora caninum (8 of 360; 2.2%). Minor abortifacient pathogens included Brucella abortus (2 of 360; 0.6%), bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (2 of 360; 0.6%), Akabane virus (2 of 360, 0.6%), and bovine ephemeral fever virus (1 of 360; 0.3%). Non-infectious conditions included congenital anomalies (7 of 360; 1.9%), goiter (7 of 360; 1.9%), and vitamin A deficiency (2 of 360; 0.6%). Our diagnostic rate in cases with placenta submitted (42 of 86; 48.8%) was significantly higher than in cases without placenta (98 of 274; 35.8%), which highlights the value of submitting placentas. Our results confirm the status of the large variety of causative agents associated with abortions in cattle in Korea.
Acculturative Challenges and Opportunities Among Arab-Speaking MENA Refugees in the United States
Authors: Childress Saltanat , Shrestha Nibedita , Seff Ilana , Hagedorn Aaron , McKay Mary , Stark Lindsay
Published: May 2024

The study identifies acculturative challenges and opportunities experienced by Arab-speaking MENA refugees in the United States. The research team conducted 24 semi-structured interviews with refugee parents (11 fathers and 13 mothers) in Arabic. The findings reveal two main categories: (a) acculturative challenges and (b) opportunities and hopes for a better future in the United States. Refugees described several acculturative challenges, including the language barrier, unrealized mental health issues, intimate partner violence (IPV), and the added struggle of COVID-19. Refugees faced several challenges, but their stressors were mitigated by their hope for a better future for their children. Findings suggest practitioners must introduce early interventions targeted at family conflict resolution in Arabic. Future research should explore culturally acceptable mental health interventions and gender-specific resources for IPV.
Novel Technique for Median Cleft Lip Comprising the Simultaneous Formation of the Columella, Philtrum, and Cupid's Bow
Authors: Fujito Hikaru , Kimura Naritaka , Moriyama Hikaru , Matsuda Syouta , Mihara Hiroya
Published: May 2024

Numerous surgical techniques for median cleft lip repair have been described; however, most cause excessively sharp peaks or the collapse of Cupid's bow. We report a technique for median cleft lip repair using a mucosal skin flap and full-thickness skin graft and 15 years of follow-up. Our technique provides acceptable formation of the columella, philtrum, and the two peaks of Cupid's bow. In this paper, we cite our previously reported techniques and add new findings and discussion based on the long-term postoperative outcomes of this procedure. Advantages and disadvantages of this technique are discussed, and a possible solution to achieve a more satisfactory result is suggested. Advantages and disadvantages of this new technique are discussed, and a possible solution to achieve a more satisfactory result is suggested.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Immunosuppressive Function of Regulatory T Cells in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tissues
Authors: Ge Junwei , Chen Junjun , Shen Qiong , Zheng Xiao , Chen Xuemin , Shi Liangrong , Chen Lujun , Xu Bin
Published: May 2024

Background

Immune-based therapies are commonly employed to combat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the presence of immune-regulating elements, especially regulatory T cells (Tregs), can dramatically impact the treatment efficacy. A deeper examination of the immune-regulation mechanisms linked to these inhibitory factors and their impact on HCC patient outcomes is warranted.

Methods

We employed multicolor fluorescence immunohistochemistry (mIHC) to stain Foxp3, cytokeratin, and nuclei on an HCC tissue microarray (TMA). Leveraging liver cancer transcriptome data from TCGA, we built a prognostic model focused on Treg-associated gene sets and represented it with a nomogram. We then sourced liver cancer single-cell RNA sequencing data (GSE140228) from the GEO database, selectively focusing on Treg subsets, and conducted further analyses, including cell-to-cell communication and pseudo-time trajectory examination.

Results

Our mIHC results revealed a more substantial presence of Foxp3+Tregs in HCC samples than in adjacent normal tissue samples ( P < .001). An increased presence of Foxp3+Tregs in HCC samples correlated with unfavorable patient outcomes ( HR = 1.722, 95% CI:1.023-2.899, P = .041). The multi-factorial prognosis model we built from TCGA liver cancer data highlighted Tregs as a standalone risk determinant for predicting outcomes ( HR = 3.84, 95% CI:2.52-5.83, P < .001). Re-analyzing the scRNA-seq dataset (GSE140228) showcased distinctive gene expression patterns in Tregs from varying tissues. Interactions between Tregs and other CD4+T cell types were predominantly governed by the CXCL13/CXCR3 signaling pathway. Communication pathways between Tregs and macrophages primarily involved MIF-CD74/CXCR4, LGALS9/CD45, and PTPRC/MRC1. Additionally, macrophages could influence Tregs via HLA-class II and CD4 interactions.

Conclusion

An elevated presence of Tregs in HCC samples correlated with negative patient outcomes. Elucidating the interplay between Tregs and other immune cells in HCC could provide insights into the modulatory role of Tregs within HCC tissues.
Microglial Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Meng Jian , Zhang Lingliang , Zhang Yun-wu
Published: May 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with onset in childhood. The molecular mechanisms underlying ASD have not yet been elucidated completely. Evidence has emerged to support a link between microglial dysfunction and the etiology of ASD. This review summarizes current research on microglial dysfunction in neuroinflammation and synaptic pruning, which are associated with altered transcriptomes and autophagy in ASD. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota in ASD and its correlation with microglial dysfunction are also addressed.
Factors Affecting the Discrepancy Between Coagulation Times on Extracorporeal Circulation Using Unfractionated Heparin in Children and Young Adults
Authors: Haga Taiki , Misaki Yotaro , Sakaguchi Takaaki , Akamine Yoko
Published: May 2024

In unfractionated heparin (UFH) monitoring during extracorporeal circulation, the traditional measures of activated clotting time (ACT) or activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) may diverge, confounding anticoagulant adjustments. We aimed to explore the factors explaining this discrepancy in children and young adults. This retrospective observational study, conducted at an urban regional tertiary hospital, included consecutive pediatric patients who received UFH during extracorporeal circulation (continuous kidney replacement therapy or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) between April 2017 and March 2021. After patients whose ACT and APTT were not measured simultaneously or who were also taking other anticoagulants were excluded, we analyzed 94 samples from 23 patients. To explain the discrepancy between ACT and APTT, regression equations were created using a generalized linear model (family  =  gamma, link  =  logarithmic) with ACT as the response variable. Other explanatory variables included age, platelet count, and antithrombin. Compared to APTT alone as an explanatory variable, the Akaike information criterion and pseudo-coefficient of determination improved from 855 to 625 and from 0.01 to 0.42, respectively, when these explanatory variables were used. In conclusion, we identified several factors that may explain some of the discrepancy between ACT and APTT in the routinely measured tests. Evaluation of these factors may aid in appropriate adjustments in anticoagulation therapy.
Nonlinear behaviors and chaos control of a fluid-conveying piezoelectric pipe in supercritical regime
Authors: Pourmohammadi MJ , Eftekhari Mojtaba
Published: May 2024

The study investigated the steady state response of a piezoelectric pipe conveying fluid under external and internal resonances in the supercritical regime of fluid velocity. Internal resonance conditions between the first and second frequency modes were studied at a specific flow velocity in the supercritical regime. The Galerkin method and the multiple scale method were used to extract the vibration amplitude versus the excitation frequency and amplitude. The steady state solutions lost stability through saddle-node and Hopf bifurcations, leading to periodic, double periodic, multi-periodic, and chaotic behaviors in the forced and frequency response curves. Time response, FFT, phase portrait, and Lyapunov exponents were presented to predict the unstable regions of the piezo-pipe system between the Hopf points. The Wolf algorithm was utilized to evaluate the Lyapunov exponents. Additionally, a fuzzy terminal sliding mode controller was designed in the chaotic region of the piezoelectric pipe conveying fluid, and its parameters were optimized using the genetic algorithm. The controller effectively stabilized the chaotic motion of the system, demonstrating better performance than the sliding mode control in numerical results.
Uncovering and Expressing our Purpose
Authors: Lewis-Hunstiger Marty
Published: May 2024

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is currently a source of angst, because of its ability to give us content that sounds uncannily like a real person, and because of concern that people will not stop at using it as a tool to generate and synthesize ideas, but instead will cede control over our words, and then our thoughts. This editorial details each article in Creative Nursing Vol. 30 Issue 2, highlighting the ways in which social media, different kinds of AI, and other tools for connectivity can be used for good: finding our purpose, uniting people over long distances, expediting knowledge implementation, managing large volumes of literature, advancing health equity, and enriching nursing education.
Just Name it: The Act of Naming Humanoid Service Robots Decreases Perceived Eeriness and Increases Repurchase Intent
Authors: El Halabi Malak , Trendel Olivier
Published: May 2024

Though Humanoid Service Robots are the “holy grail” of robotics, the discomfort, specifically the feelings of eeriness, they elicit in consumers still raises concerns as to their successful implementation in service settings. From a firm’s point of view, the main question revolves around how to integrate humanoid service robots without hurting consumers' repurchase intent as a result of their perceived eeriness. The results of four experiments (including a study involving real interactions), using four distinct humanoid service robots and four different service settings, collectively examine a novel marketing solution which consists of consumers assigning a name to a humanoid service robot. We show that humanoid service robots with customer-assigned names versus no name or store-assigned names increase consumers' repurchase intent. This is because the act of naming simultaneously increases perceived familiarity of the humanoid service robot and control over it, which decrease its perceived eeriness and consequently increase consumers' interaction enjoyment. Altogether, our studies offer theoretical and managerial insights on how engaging consumers in the act of naming can facilitate technological infusion into service frontlines.
Making Neighbor Relations Through Materialities and Senses
Authors: Tkach Olga , Jensen Tina Gudrun , Miranda-Nieto Alejandro
Published: May 2024

Many scholars have turned to neighboring, or neighbor interactions and practices, as an open-ended process rather than a finished ideal. In doing so, they have disrupted the romanticization of the neighborhood as a community-driven and stable space. Through this lens, the proximity of dwelling is seen just as a possibility for social contact rather than a crucial characteristic of neighbor relations. Amid the rapid transformations in contemporary urban environments, neighbor relations as spatial practices are shaped and mediated by multiple forces. Based on five research cases from Brazil, Denmark, Finland, and Russia, this Special Issue, “Materialities and Senses of Neighboring,” explores how neighbor relations are shaped by material and sensory practices in the context of urban housing and localities. This editorial introduction to this Special Issue of Space and Culture highlights the main points of how the foregrounding of material and sensory aspects contributes to the studies of neighbor relations. It then shows how the cross-cutting themes of shared materiality, housing geometry, sensoriality, and imaginaries interplay in the contributors’ articles to develop the overarching idea of the collection.
Amplifying victim–survivor voices: media power, collective action, and ultra-Orthodox Jewish identity in the Leifer case
Authors: Chatskin Mona
Published: May 2024

This article underscores the transformative impact of victim–survivor voices in reshaping public discourse on child sexual abuse (CSA). The research project took as the backbone for analysis the Malka Leifer case that spanned 15 years and is linked to the Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse's report of Case Study 22, which examined responses in ultra-Orthodox Jewish schools to child sexual abuse. Adopting a mixed methods research approach, this study combines qualitative media analysis of 102 news articles and 8 in-depth focus groups to investigate the impact of media outlets in amplifying victim voice and influencing public discourse, and how this impacts the subjects of mediatised public crises. Drawing on the theorising of Couldry and Cottle, the article considers the capacity and limitations of survivor-advocates to leverage media power in the contemporary media system. By exploring the ‘Privileging Victim Voice’ frame, this paper sheds light on how victim–survivor advocates utilised mainstream, local religious, and social media to solidify their central place in the narrative and its reportage. The media analysis served as the foundation for a ‘peer conversation’ style of focus groups with Jewish community members to investigate local impacts of the case's media reportage. The focus group methodology sought to represent this diverse community as wholly as possible. Findings reveal the significant power of journalists’ framing and sourcing practices, and how Jewish institutional child sexual abuse is framed by media outlets within the Australian media landscape. Further, it showcases the broader implications of public inquiries, such as Australia's Royal Commission, in empowering victim–survivors and centreing their narratives in media reportage.
Review on convective and radiation heat transfer between bridges and external environments
Authors: Zhou Linren , Wanyan Ruitian , Li Shaoji
Published: May 2024

The heat exchange between bridges and external environments is the primary cause of the temperature effect on bridges. The complexity of the two-phase (gas–solid) heat transfer mechanism, the diversity of the surface characteristics of bridge materials, and the uncertainties of the environment in which bridges are located make the numerical calculation of the heat exchange between bridges and external environments difficult. Several studies have been conducted by scholars around the world. In this work, the research on convective and radiative heat exchange between bridges and external environments is surveyed, analyzed, and summarized. The influencing factors and calculation methods of bridge temperature are examined, and the convective heat transfer and radiation mechanisms, theoretical calculations, and experimental measurement methods used to investigate the relation between bridges and external environments are summarized and analyzed. The value determination methods for convective heat transfer and radiation absorption coefficients in the calculation of the bridge temperature field are summarized. In addition, the problems and shortcomings of current research are evaluated, and future research directions are identified and discussed.