bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The immunogenic potential of bacterial flagella for Salmonella‐mediated tumor therapy
Authors: Felgner Sebastian , Spöring Imke , Pawar Vinay , Kocijancic Dino , Preusse Matthias , Falk Christine , Rohde Manfred , Häussler Susanne , Weiss Siegfried , Erhardt Marc
Published: November 2019

Genetically engineered Salmonella Typhimurium are potent vectors for prophylactic and therapeutic measures against pathogens as well as cancer. This is based on the potent adjuvanticity that supports strong immune responses. The physiology of Salmonella is well understood. It simplifies engineering of both enhanced immune‐stimulatory properties as well as safety features, thus, resulting in an appropriate balance between attenuation and efficacy for clinical applications. A major virulence factor of Salmonella is the flagellum. It is also a strong pathogen‐associated molecular pattern recognized by extracellular and intracellular receptors of immune cells of the host. At the same time, it represents a serious metabolic burden. Accordingly, the bacteria evolved tight regulatory mechanisms that control flagella synthesis in vivo. Here, we systematically investigated the immunogenicity and adjuvant properties of various flagella mutants of Salmonella in vitro and in a mouse cancer model in vivo. We found that mutants lacking the flagellum‐specific ATPase FliHIJ or the inner membrane ring FliF displayed the greatest stimulatory capacity and strongest antitumor effects, while remaining safe in vivo. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of outer membrane vesicles in the ΔfliF and ΔfliHIJ mutants. Finally, the combination of the ΔfliF and ΔfliHIJ mutations with our previously described attenuated and immunogenic background strain SF102 displayed strong efficacy against the highly resistant cancer cell line RenCa. We thus conclude that manipulating flagella biosynthesis has great potential for the construction of highly efficacious and versatile Salmonella vector strains.
Can sustainable withdrawal rates be enhanced by trend following?
Authors: Clare Andrew D. , Seaton James , Smith Peter N. , Thomas Stephen H.
Published: November 2019

We examine the consequences of alternative popular investment strategies for the decumulation of fundsinvested for retirement through a defined contribution pension scheme. We examine in detail the viability of specific ‘safe’ withdrawal rates including the ‘4%‐rule’ of Bengen. We find two powerful conclusions. First that smoothing the returns on individual assets by simple trend following techniques is a potent tool to enhance withdrawal rates.Second, we show that while diversification across asset classes does lead to higher withdrawal rates than simple equity/bond portfolios, “smoothing” returns in itself is far more powerful a tool for raising withdrawal rates. In fact,smoothing the popular equity/bond portfolios (such as the 60/40 portfolio) is in itself an excellent and simple solution to constructing a retirement portfolio. Alternatively, trend following enables portfolios to contain more risky assets, and the greater upside they offer, for the same level of overall risk compared to standard portfolios. To anticipate our empirical findings, we find two powerful conclusions:

Smoothing the returns on individual assets by simple trend following techniques (or similar) is a potent tool to enhance withdrawal rates.

Although diversification across asset classes does lead to higher withdrawal rates than simple equity/bond portfolios, “smoothing” returns is a far more powerful tool for raising withdrawal rates; in fact, smoothing the popular equity/bond portfolios (such as the 60/40 portfolio) is an excellent and simple solution to constructing a retirement portfolio.
Does cognitive flexibility affect the course of labor? A prospective study
Authors: Asali Aula , Miller Netanella , Engel Offra , Haj‐Yahia Nasreen , Cohen Omer , Ben‐Kimhy Reut , Biron‐Shental Tal
Published: November 2019

Objective

To evaluate cognitive flexibility and labor and delivery outcomes.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted of nulliparas with singleton term pregnancy, admitted for labor to a tertiary referral center from 1 January to 31 July, 2017. After epidural anesthesia, parturients completed the validated Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire (20 questions that evaluate a person's level of cognitive flexibility) before delivery. They were asked to grade (from 1 to 10) their hope for vaginal delivery (Hope score). Within 2 hours after delivery, they graded (1–10) the similarity between their delivery and their expectations (Expectation score). Outcomes of the flexible versus less flexible group were compared.

Results

Among the flexible (n=120) versus less flexible (n=40) group, vaginal delivery was more common (74.2% vs 20.8%) than vacuum extraction (20.8% vs 35%) or cesarean delivery (5% vs 12.5%) (P=0.031). High Expectation score and delivery without grade III–IV perineal tear (P=0.032) were correlated. Groups were similar regarding Expectation (P=0.163) and Hope scores (P=0.591). The mode of delivery of parturients was not correlated with their mothers’ (P=0.836) or sisters’ (P=0.758).

Conclusion

High cognitive flexibility increases the likelihood of vaginal delivery. These findings support the mind–body correlation. Maternal cognitive perceptions can influence labor and delivery and should be considered when counseling patients during labor.
Piperazine designer drugs elicit toxicity in the alternative in vivo model Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Souto Caroline , Göethel Gabriela , Peruzzi Caroline Portela , Cestonaro Larissa Vivan , Garcia Ingrid , Ávila Daiana Silva , Eifler‐Lima Vera , Carmo Helena , Bastos Maria de Lurdes , Garcia Solange C. , Arbo Marcelo Dutra
Published: November 2019

Piperazine designer drugs are a group of synthetic drugs of abuse that have appeared on the illicit market since the second half of the 1990s. The most common derivatives are 1‐benzylpiperazine (BZP), 1‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)piperazine (MeOPP) and 1‐(3,4‐methylenedioxybenzyl)piperazine (MDBP). They can be consumed as capsules, tablets, but also in powder or liquid forms. Generally, although less potent than amphetamines, piperazines have dopaminergic and serotonergic activities. The aim of this work was to evaluate the toxic effects of BZP, MeOPP and MDBP using Caenorhabditis elegans as in vivo model for acute toxicity, development, reproduction and behavior testing. The LC50 for BZP, MeOPP and MDBP were 52.21, 5.72 and 1.22 mm, respectively. All concentrations induced a significant decrease in the body surface of the worms, indicating developmental alterations, and decrease in the brood size. Worms exposed to piperazine designer drugs also presented a decrease in locomotor activity and mechanical sensitivity, suggesting the possible dysfunction of the nervous system. Neuronal damage was confirmed through the decrease in fluorescence of BY200 strains, indicating loss of dopaminergic transporters. In conclusion, we suggest that piperazine designer drugs lead to neuronal damage, which might be the underlying cause of the altered behavior observed in humans.
A meglumine catalyst–based synthesis, molecular docking, and antioxidant studies of dihydropyrano[3, 2‐b]chromenedione derivatives
Authors: Sravya G. , Suresh G. , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Balakrishna A. , Madhu Kumar Reddy K. , Suresh Reddy C. , Venkataramaiah C. , Rajendra W. , Bakthavatchala Reddy N.
Published: November 2019

A simple method was employed for the synthesis of dihydropyrano[3, 2‐b]chromenedione derivatives (4a‐o)in high yields by condensation of 5, 5‐dimethylcyclohexane‐1, 3‐dione(1), different aromatic aldehydes (2a‐o), and 5‐hydroxy‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one(3), using meglumine as a stable and reusable catalyst. Meglumine, an amino sugar, was employed as an environmentally benign catalyst, due to its splendid properties such as being inexpensive, recyclable, and biodegradable. The accomplished protocol employs low catalyst loading and easy work‐up for the synthesis of 5‐hydroxy‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one derivatives. A great asset is that without any significant loss, the catalyst could be recovered and reused for extended synthetic steps. This offer huge advantage to overcome recyclability issues. Our synthesized compounds were analyzed by IR,1H,13C NMR, mass spectra and evaluated for their antioxidant properties by 1, 1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide(H2O2), and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging methods. The correlation in exhibition of antioxidant activity was effective at all doses. The binding interactions and molecular docking studies for entitled compounds were studied against 3MNG protein;4kexhibited marked binding affinity with excellent docking score of −7.6 Kcal/mol and emerged as a lead compound.
Rapid Knee MRI Acquisition and Analysis Techniques for Imaging Osteoarthritis
Authors: Chaudhari Akshay S. , Kogan Feliks , Pedoia Valentina , Majumdar Sharmila , Gold Garry E. , Hargreaves Brian A.
Published: November 2019

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a major source of disability that has no known treatment or cure. Morphological and compositional MRI is commonly used for assessing the bone and soft tissues in the knee to enhance the understanding of OA pathophysiology. However, it is challenging to extend these imaging methods and their subsequent analysis techniques to study large population cohorts due to slow and inefficient imaging acquisition and postprocessing tools. This can create a bottleneck in assessing early OA changes and evaluating the responses of novel therapeutics. The purpose of this review article is to highlight recent developments in tools for enhancing the efficiency of knee MRI methods useful to study OA. Advances in efficient MRI data acquisition and reconstruction tools for morphological and compositional imaging, efficient automated image analysis tools, and hardware improvements to further drive efficient imaging are discussed in this review. For each topic, we discuss the current challenges as well as potential future opportunities to alleviate these challenges.

Level of Evidence

5

Technical Efficacy Stage

3
Diffusion Metrics for Staging Pancreatic Fibrosis and Correlating With Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition Markers in a Chronic Pancreatitis Rat Model at 11.7T MRI
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Lu Yimei , Yang Baofeng , Zhang Caiyuan , Li Jinning , Liu Huanhuan , Wang He , Wang Dengbin
Published: November 2019

Background

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is characterized by pancreatic fibrosis, in which a epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐like process is observed. However, few noninvasive approaches have been reported to evaluate pancreatic fibrosis and EMT in an animal model based on diffusion imaging.

Purpose

To evaluate pancreatic fibrosis in CP by conventional diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and then explore the correlation between diffusion parameters and the EMT markers in an animal model.

Study Type

Prospective controlled imaging histological correlation.

Population

Forty‐five rats with CP induced by injecting dibutyltin dichloride solution and 10 normal rats comprised the control group.

Field Strength/Sequence

11.7T MR, diffusion imaging with 10 b‐values.

Assessment

Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), IVIM‐associated perfusion fraction (f), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*), diffusion coefficient (D), DKI‐associated mean kurtosis (MK), and mean corrected diffusion coefficient (MD) were quantitatively measured and correlated with pancreatic fibrosis stages as well as the EMT markers E‐cadherin and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) expression. The discriminative performance of diffusion parameters for staging fibrosis was compared.

Statistical Tests

Spearman's correlation, Student's t‐test, and a receiver operating characteristic curve was conducted for statistical analysis.

Results

ADC, D, and MD (r = –0.637, –0.688, and –0.535; P < 0.001) were negatively correlated with pancreatic fibrosis staging, but MK (r = 0.740, P < 0.001) had a positive correlation. ADC, D, MD, and MK were significantly correlated with α‐SMA (r = –0.684, –0.728, –0.627, and 0.721, all P < 0.001), while MK was significantly correlated with E‐cadherin (r = –0.606, P < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) was not significantly different (P > 0.05) among ADC (0.797, 0.816, 0.873), D (0.862, 0.810, 0.895), MD (0.767, 0.772, 0.801), and MK (0.836, 0.893, 0.951) for F1 or greater, F2 or greater, and F3 pancreatic fibrosis separately.

Data Conclusion

ADC, D, MD, and MK were helpful for assessing pancreatic fibrosis staging, and these diffusion parameters were also significantly correlated with the expression of EMT markers in pancreatic fibrosis.

Level of Evidence: 2

Technical Efficacy Stage: 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:197–206.
Investigating the interactions of the first 17 amino acid residues of Huntingtin with lipid vesicles using mass spectrometry and molecular dynamics
Authors: Karanji Ahmad Kiani , Beasley Maryssa , Sharif Daud , Ranjbaran Ali , Legleiter Justin , Valentine Stephen J.
Published: November 2019

The first 17 amino acid residues of Huntingtin protein (Nt17 of htt) are thought to play an important role in the protein's function; Nt17 is one of two membrane binding domains in htt. In this study the binding ability of Nt17 peptide with vesicles comprised of two subclasses of phospholipids is studied using electrospray ionization ‐ mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Overall, the peptide is shown to have a greater propensity to interact with vesicles of phosphatidylcholine (PC) rather than phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) lipids. Mass spectra show an increase in lipid‐bound peptide adducts where the ordering of the number of such specie is 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DOPC) > 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (POPC) > 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3 phosphoethanolamine (POPE). MD simulations suggest that the compactness of the bilayer plays a role in governing peptide interactions. The peptide shows greater disruption of the DOPC bilayer order at the surface and interacts with the hydrophobic tails of lipid molecules via hydrophobic residues. Conversely, the POPE vesicle remains ordered and lipids display transient interactions with the peptide through the formation of hydrogen bonds with hydrophilic residues. The POPC system displays intermediate behavior with regard to the degree of peptide‐membrane interaction. Finally, the simulations suggest a helix stabilizing effect resulting from the interactions between hydrophobic residues and the lipid tails of the DOPC bilayer.
Molecular epidemiology of human bocavirus infection in hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis in South Africa, 2009‐2015
Authors: Netshikweta Rembuluwani , Chidamba Lizyben , Nadan Sandrama , Taylor Maureen B. , Page Nicola A.
Published: November 2019

Human bocavirus (HBoV) is known to be associated with a variety of clinical manifestation including acute gastroenteritis (AGE). Despite their global prevalence, no data is available on the epidemiology of HBoV associated with AGE in South Africa (SA). Between April 2009 and April 2015, 3765 stool specimens were collected from children less than 5 years of age hospitalized with diarrhea. Specimens were screened for selected enteric viruses by enzyme immunoassay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, bacteria by culture and parasites by staining and microscopy. HBoV was detected in 5.63% (212 of 3765) of cases, the majority of which were children ≤2 years (92%, 195 of 212), and were common in the summer and autumn months (60%; 128 of 212). Further investigations of coinfections showed that bacteria (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41‐3.45; P = .001) and sapovirus (aOR = 2.05; 95% CI, 1.08‐3.86; P = .027) were significantly associated with HBoV in multivariate analysis. HBoV genotyping was successful in 191 of the 212 samples with HBoV‐1 being the most prevalent genotype observed (79.6%; 152 of 191) followed by HBoV‐3 (13.6%; 26 of 191), HBoV‐2 (5.2%; 10 of 191), and HBoV‐4 (1.6%; 3 of 191). The high prevalence of HBoV‐1, a virus known to be associated with respiratory infections, and the association between HBoV‐positive specimens and already established AGE agents, suggests that HBoV may play a limited role in the observed AGE cases in SA.
Aminobisphosphonate‐treated ewes as a model of osteonecrosis of the jaw and of dental implant failure
Authors: Davison Mario R. , Lyardet Leonardo , Preliasco Mariana , Yaful Graciela , Torres Perla , Bonanno Marina S. , Pellegrini Gretel G. , Zeni Susana N.
Published: November 2019

Background

Bisphosphonate (BP)‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) and dental implant failure are two negative side effects of chronic aminoBP treatment.

Methods

Eleven ovariectomized (OVX) ewes and four ewes subjected to sham surgery (SHAM) were treated as follows: OVX (n = 5): OVX plus saline solution; zoledronic acid‐treated group (ZOL) (n = 6): OVX plus ZOL; SHAM (n = 4): SHAM plus saline solution. Extraction of the first upper molar was performed at 1 year, dental implant placement at 2 years, and sacrifice at 28 months.

Results

Implants remained in place in SHAM and OVX ewes but were lost in all ZOL ewes. ZOL sheep (2/6) showed inflammation and necrotic bone at mandibular region. No differences in serum calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphate (Pi) or 25‐hydroxyvitamin D were observed, whereas bone alkaline phosphatase levels decreased in the three studied groups (P < 0.05). The significantly lowest levels of carboxy‐terminal telopeptide of type I collagen were observed in ZOL (P < 0.05), and showed no differences between SHAM and OVX. OVX showed the lowest and ZOL the highest Ca and Pi contents in femur and maxilla (P < 0.05). Bone volume (BV/TV%) and iliac crest were similar at baseline and at month 4. At the end of the study, BV/TV%, proximal femur and hemi‐mandible bone mineral content and bone mineral density, and trabeculae number were similar in SHAM and ZOL, and lower in OVX (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

All ZOL‐treated ewes on a schedule similar to that used in cancer patients showed extensive suppression of bone remodeling and implant failure. Some of the ZOL ewes developed BRONJ.
Reducing Surgical Site Infections During Otolaryngology Surgical Missions
Authors: Isaacson Glenn , Doyle Winifred , Summer Deborah
Published: November 2019

Objectives

To determine what measures an otolaryngology–head and neck surgery team might adopt to decrease the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) on a short‐term surgical mission. Despite concerns about safety and efficacy, short‐term surgical missions remain the predominant structure for humanitarian surgical care in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC). Hospitals in high‐income countries strive to improve surgical outcomes through implementation of World Health Organization (WHO) safe surgery guidelines. Reduction of SSI risk is a key part of this effort.

Methods

Literature review and practical experience.

Results

WHO recommendations for reducing SSI are based largely on research done in the North America and Europe. LMIC populations are younger; comorbidities are fewer; infectious disease and trauma are prevalent; and delays in access to care are common. SSI are much more frequent in resource‐limited settings. Recommendations regarding preoperative assessment, operating room environment, instrument sterilization, surgical antibiotic prophylaxis, surgical site preparation, gloving, draping, and postsurgical care are reviewed in the context of a surgical mission at a typical LMIC government hospital.

Conclusion

Many of the WHO guidelines on reduction of SSI are logical and applicable to the short‐term surgical missions; others may need to be modified. Careful prospective data collection and clinical trials are needed to learn which interventions are valid and which should be changed.

Level of Evidence

5 Laryngoscope, 130:1388–1395, 2020
Are primary forests irreplaceable for sustaining Neotropical landscapes' biodiversity and functioning? Contributions for restoration using ecological indicators
Authors: Cajaiba Reinaldo Lucas , Périco Eduardo , da Silva Wully Barreto , Caron Edilson , Buss Bruna Caroline , Dalzochio Marina , Santos Mário
Published: November 2019

Changes in biodiversity and ecosystem services are usually evaluated using taxonomic indicators or, to a lesser extent, functional indicators. The present work adds new insights on the links between taxonomic indicators and functional indicators within a disturbance gradient in the Brazilian Amazon. Ground dwelling beetles' functional groups were used to complement taxonomic diversity in indicating disturbance and/or ecosystem restoration. Significant correlations were found between taxonomic and functional indicators. Our results show that increasingly disturbed ecosystems are related with reductions in functional redundancy with probable detrimental effects on the future landscape resilience. Moreover, results highlight that even species‐rich Neotropical forest landscapes may be highly vulnerable to the removal of keystone diversity. Remarkably, secondary forests support equivalent functional diversity and, partially, taxonomic diversity to primary forests. Overall, disturbance indicators supported on complementary measures such as composition, species diversity and functionality were sensitive to the ecosystems' gradient and could be used for assessing the extent of landscape change but also to guide restoration and management practices in Neotropical forest landscapes.
Molecular cloning and functional analyses of the salt‐ responsive gene KVHSP70 from Kosteletzkya virginica
Authors: Tang Xiaoli , Shao Hongbo , Jiang Fudong , Sheteiwy Mohamed Salah Amr , Yang Ruiping , Wang Hongyan
Published: November 2019

Land degradation resulting from soil salinization is becoming a growing menace in almost all over the world. The degraded soil shows poor performance in water conductance and soil aeration, which threatens plant growth and development. Therefore, to discover the resistance genes and breed plant with stress tolerance are necessary. The modern molecular biotechnology makes the plant with enhanced adaption possible. To do this, KvHSP70 with 1950 bp open reading frame (ORF) from Kosteletzkya virginica was isolated, studied, and transformed into tobacco for functional study. Our research showed that it encodes a typical HSP70 protein with 649 amino acids and it could be induced by salt, high temperature, drought, and abscisic acid (ABA). The transgenic tobacco with it overexpression had higher chlorophyll content, less electrolyte leakage, lower water potential and increased proline content under salt stress. Meanwhile, the transgenic acquired superior antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased MDA content. All results highlight the significance of the new found gene in breeding salt resistant plants with molecular manipulation. Hence, K. virginica provides us with helpful information and gene resources to culture new variety adapted to salt‐affected soil and available for land rehabilitation perhaps in the future.
Outcomes of unilateral idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: Two decades of experience
Authors: Xie Yanjun , Orabi Norman A. , Zwolan Terry A. , Basura Gregory J.
Published: November 2019

Objectives

(a) Determine the demographic and medical risk factors for patients who presented with unilateral idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL); (b) identify treatments that patients underwent; (c) evaluate the adequacy of follow‐up and compliance with long‐term hearing rehabilitation.

Methods

Retrospective review of patients who presented with unilateral ISSNHL between January 1998 and December 2017 at a tertiary care academic medical center.

Results

Two hundred‐four patients met inclusion criteria. Of these, 129 (63.2%) did not undergo treatment at an outside hospital prior to our evaluation. In this subgroup, the average pretreatment pure tone average (PTA) was 61.9 ± 2.5 dB (dB). The most common treatment was oral steroids and was recommended in 76 patients (59.9%). Patients also underwent intratympanic (IT) steroid injections (7.2%) or oral steroids followed by salvage IT injections (19.4%). Mean follow‐up duration was 17.9 (±29.2) months, and posttreatment PTA (45.6 ± 2.6 dB) was significantly better than baseline (P < .001). In this cohort, hearing amplification was infrequently recommended. Less than 20% of patients reported active hearing amplification use at their most recent visit. At follow‐up, 90 patients (69.8%) reported subjective improvement in hearing after treatment. Only 55 patients (42.6%) showed improvement in PTA compared to their pretreatment audiograms.

Conclusion

Many patients with ISSNHL experienced audiometric improvement after treatments, but most had persistent hearing loss. The duration of follow‐up was short. Most patients did not use long‐term hearing amplification. Future studies are needed to identify factors that contribute to reduced follow‐up and low compliance with hearing amplification use in ISSNHL.

Level of Evidence

2c.
Effect of carbon fiber on microstructure evolution and surface properties of FeCoCrNiCu high‐entropy alloy coatings
Authors: Zhao Mingjuan , Wu Tao , Liu Dejia , Huang Yang , Zhao Longzhi , Tang Yanchuang , Shen Mingxue , Hu Yong , Zhang Jian , Li Jin , Yu Meng , Song Lijun
Published: November 2019

FeCoCrNiCu and Cf/FeCoCrNiCu high‐entropy alloy coatings are prepared by laser cladding to study the effects of carbon fiber on the microstructure and surface properties of the FeCoCrNiCu alloy. It is found that the addition of carbon fiber has little effect on the phase structure of the FeCoCrNiCu alloy coating. However, an interesting finding is that the addition of carbon fiber could decrease the segregation of Cu‐element along the grain boundaries in the FeCoCrNiCu coating. In addition, the addition of carbon fiber can significantly improve the corrosion resistance of the FeCoCrNiCu alloy coating. It can also reduce the intergranular corrosion in the coating. Moreover, the addition of carbon fiber has positive effects on the improvement in the hardness and wear resistance of the high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) coatings. The decreased segregation of Cu‐element along the grain boundaries is mainly attributed to the significant improvement in surface properties of the HEA coatings.
An investigation of international hotel productivity considering quasifixed inputs and negative outputs
Authors: Fang David , Hsueh Ming‐Ching , Chiu Ching‐Ren
Published: November 2019

This paper explores the productivity of international hotels by considering the number of guest rooms and the area of the catering department as quasifixed inputs, because neither can be easily changed over a short period. We introduce a range‐adjusted measure model to incorporate both quasifixed inputs and negative outputs and propose a nonradial Malmquist productivity index to estimate dynamic productivity. The results show that chain‐operated hotels were unable to generate operational synergy to enhance their competitiveness, but their productivity outperformed that of independently operated hotels in cross‐period aspect. Finally, we provide improvement suggestions for managers.
Systems of Riemann‐Liouville fractional differential equations with nonlocal boundary conditions—Existence, nonexistence, and multiplicity of solutions: Method of fixed point index
Authors: Padhi Seshadev , B.S.R.V. Prasad , Mahendru Divya
Published: November 2019

This paper deals with the existence, nonexistence, and multiplicity of positive solutions of the coupled system of Riemann‐Liouville fractional differential equations together with multipoint boundary conditions containing fractional derivatives at nonlocal points. We use the theory of fixed point index approach to prove our results exhibiting the existence and the nonexistence of positive solutions.
Residual symmetry, nth Bäcklund transformation, and soliton‐cnoidal wave interaction solution for the combined modified KdV–negative‐order modified KdV equation
Authors: Cheng Wenguang , Qiu Deqin , Xu Tianzhou
Published: November 2019

This paper is concerned with the nth Bäcklund transformation (BT) related to multiple residual symmetries and soliton‐cnoidal wave interaction solution for the combined modified KdV–negative‐order modified KdV (mKdV‐nmKdV) equation. The residual symmetry derived from the truncated Painlevé expansion can be extended to the multiple residual symmetries, which can be localized to Lie point symmetries by prolonging the combined mKdV‐nmKdV equation to a larger system. The corresponding finite symmetry transformation, ie, nth BT, is presented in determinant form. As a result, new multiple singular soliton solutions can be obtained from known ones. We prove that the combined mKdV‐nmKdV equation is integrable, possessing the second‐order Lax pair and consistent Riccati expansion (CRE) property. Furthermore, we derive the exact soliton and soliton‐cnoidal wave interaction solutions by applying the nonauto‐BT obtained from the CRE method.
Multi‐pathway multi‐echo acquisition and neural contrast translation to generate a variety of quantitative and qualitative image contrasts
Authors: Cheng Cheng‐Chieh , Preiswerk Frank , Madore Bruno
Published: November 2019

Purpose

Clinical exams typically involve acquiring many different image contrasts to help discriminate healthy from diseased states. Ideally, 3D quantitative maps of all of the main MR parameters would be obtained for improved tissue characterization. Using data from a 7‐min whole‐brain multi‐pathway multi‐echo (MPME) scan, we aimed to synthesize several 3D quantitative maps (T1 and T2) and qualitative contrasts (MPRAGE, FLAIR, T1‐weighted, T2‐weighted, and proton density [PD]‐weighted). The ability of MPME acquisitions to capture large amounts of information in a relatively short amount of time suggests it may help reduce the duration of neuro MR exams.

Methods

Eight healthy volunteers were imaged at 3.0T using a 3D isotropic (1.2 mm) MPME sequence. Spin‐echo, MPRAGE, and FLAIR scans were performed for training and validation. MPME signals were interpreted through neural networks for predictions of different quantitative and qualitative contrasts. Predictions were compared to reference values at voxel and region‐of‐interest levels.

Results

Mean absolute errors (MAEs) for T1 and T2 maps were 216 ms and 11 ms, respectively. In ROIs containing white matter (WM) and thalamus tissues, the mean T1/T2 predicted values were 899/62 ms and 1139/58 ms, consistent with reference values of 850/66 ms and 1126/58 ms, respectively. For qualitative contrasts, signals were normalized to those of WM, and MAEs for MPRAGE, FLAIR, T1‐weighted, T2‐weighted, and PD‐weighted contrasts were 0.14, 0.15, 0.13, 0.16, and 0.05, respectively.

Conclusions

Using an MPME sequence and neural‐network contrast translation, whole‐brain results were obtained with a variety of quantitative and qualitative contrast in ~6.8 min.
Critical thinking skills of nursing students: Observations of classroom instructional activities
Authors: Boso Christian Makafui , van der Merwe Anita S. , Gross Janet
Published: November 2019

Aim

Critical thinking (CT) is vital for nursing practice. Nursing schools should provide learning experiences that enable nursing students to acquire CT skills. Yet, these authors are not aware of any study that has directly observed instructional activities related to CT skills acquisition in the classroom environment. The aim of this study was to explore instructional activities in the classroom environment in relation to acquisition of CT skills of students.

Design

Qualitative non‐participant observation.

Methods

Using a purposive sampling, 10 classroom teaching sessions were observed and mediating factors of CT skills acquisition of students noted. Data were analysed thematically. Data were collected from October–December 2017. 

Results

Three key themes of instructional activities relating to acquisition of CT skills of students emerged, namely educators’ behaviour, students’ characteristics and university‐wide factors/administrative support. Class sizes ranged from 34–162 students with an average of 95.
The cost‐effectiveness of pharmacotherapy and lifestyle intervention in the treatment of obesity
Authors: Lee Minyi , Lauren Brianna N. , Zhan Tiannan , Choi Jin , Klebanoff Matthew , Abu Dayyeh Barham , Taveras Elsie M. , Corey Kathleen , Kaplan Lee , Hur Chin
Published: November 2019

Background

The Food and Drug Administration has approved several pharmacotherapies for the treatment of obesity. This study assesses the cost‐effectiveness of six pharmacotherapies and lifestyle intervention for people with mild obesity (body mass indices [BMIs] 30 to 35).

Methods

A microsimulation model was constructed to compare seven weight loss strategies plus no treatment: intensive lifestyle intervention, orlistat, phentermine, phentermine/topiramate, lorcaserin, liraglutide, and semaglutide. Weight loss, quality‐of‐life scores, and costs were estimated using clinical trials and other published literature. Endpoints included costs, quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs) with a willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) threshold of $100 000/QALY. Results were analysed at 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year time horizons.

Results

At each of the three follow‐up periods, phentermine was the cost‐effective strategy, with ICERs of $46 258/QALY, $20 157/QALY, and $17 880/QALY after 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Semaglutide was the most effective strategy in the 3‐ and 5‐year time horizons, with total QALYs of 2.224 and 3.711, respectively. However, the ICERs were prohibitively high at $1 437 340/QALY after 3 years and $576 931/QALY after 5 years. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses indicated these results were robust.

Conclusions

Phentermine is the cost‐effective pharmacologic weight‐loss strategy. Although semaglutide is the most effective, it is not cost‐effective because of its high price.
Real‐time ex vivo perfusion of human lymph nodes invaded by cancer (REPLICANT): a feasibility study
Authors: Barrow‐McGee Rachel , Procter Julia , Owen Julie , Woodman Natalie , Lombardelli Cristina , Kothari Ashutosh , Kovacs Tibor , Douek Michael , George Simi , Barry Peter A , Ramsey Kelvin , Gibson Amy , Buus Richard , Holgersen Erle , Natrajan Rachael , Haider Syed , Shattock Michael J , Gillett Cheryl , Tutt Andrew NJ , Pinder Sarah E , Naidoo Kalnisha
Published: November 2019

Understanding how breast cancer (BC) grows in axillary lymph nodes (ALNs), and refining how therapies might halt that process, is clinically important. However, modelling the complex ALN microenvironment is difficult, and no human models exist at present. We harvested ALNs from ten BC patients, and perfused them at 37 °C ex vivo for up to 24 h. Controlled autologous testing showed that ALNs remain viable after 24 h of ex vivo perfusion: haematoxylin and eosin‐stained histological appearance and proliferation (by Ki67 immunohistochemistry) did not change significantly over time for any perfused ALN compared with a control from time‐point zero. Furthermore, targeted gene expression analysis (NanoString PanCancer IO360 panel) showed that only 21/750 genes were differentially expressed between control and perfused ALNs (|log2 FC| > 1 and q < 0.1): none were involved in apoptosis and metabolism, but rather all 21 genes were involved in immune function and angiogenesis. During perfusion, tissue acid–base balance remained stable. Interestingly, the flow rate increased (p < 0.001) in cancer‐replaced (i.e. metastasis occupied more than 90% of the surface area on multiple levels) compared to cancer‐free nodes (i.e. nodes with no metastasis on multiple sections). CXCL11 transcripts were significantly more abundant in cancer‐replaced nodes, while CXCL12 transcripts were significantly more abundant in cancer‐free nodes. These cytokines were also detected in the circulating perfusate. Monoclonal antibodies (nivolumab and trastuzumab) were administered into a further three ALNs to confirm perfusion efficacy. These drugs saturated the nodes; nivolumab even induced cancer cell death. Normothermic ALN perfusion is not only feasible but sustains the tumour microenvironment ex vivo for scientific investigation. This model could facilitate the identification of actionable immuno‐oncology targets. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Fabrication and electrochemical properties of flexible transparent supercapacitor electrode materials based on cellulose nanofibrils and reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Wu Bo , He Wen , Lu Mengting , Li Ze , Qiang Han
Published: November 2019

In this research, flexible transparent supercapacitor electrode materials were fabricated using cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) via a layer‐by‐layer (LbL) self‐assembly method. First, a transparent film was obtained by vacuum filtration of a CNF suspension, which was isolated from bamboo materials using a combination of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl radical catalytic oxidation and ultrasonic treatment. Subsequently, graphene oxide (GO) was deposited on the surface of the CNF film using Cu2+ as a cross‐linking agent via the LbL self‐assembly technique and then was reduced by L‐ascorbic acid under mild reaction conditions. The degree of reduction of the GO on the CNF film surface was investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR); concurrently, the effect of the number of self‐assembly times on the transparency, mechanical properties, and conductivity was also evaluated. The XPS, Raman, and FT‐IR spectral analyses proved that the CNFs/GO composite films were successfully reduced to CNFs/RGO composite films, of which the transparency and mechanical properties decreased with the increase in the number of self‐assembly times, while the conductivity remarkably raised. Based on the analysis of the results, the CNFs/RGO composite film obtained after 18 self‐assembly cycles exhibited excellent transparency, good tensile strength, and a high conductivity. Therefore, the CNFs/RGO composite film was selected to fabricate a supercapacitor electrode material, and the obtained supercapacitor displayed excellent electrochemical properties, in which the areal specific capacitance was 2.25 mF cm−2 at a current density of 0.01 mA cm−2 and the capacitance retention reached 97.3% after 1500 cycles. The presented strategy provides a good reference for the development of transparent and portable energy storage devices.
Online Social Shaming and the Moralistic Imagination: The Emergence of Internet‐Based Performative Shaming
Authors: Oravec Jo Ann
Published: November 2019

Online social shaming involves the intentional collection and dissemination of data that are potentially stigmatizing in modes that are widely accessible and in which observers (including members of the public) can often add input. This article examines changes in shaming following the advent of the widespread use of computer networking, focusing in particular on administrative systems. Many of the Internet platforms, in which such shaming‐related information is made available is either controlled by or used in governmental and agency units to perform various stated administrative or evaluatory purposes. Although many shaming contexts are inadvertent (a function of public records release), others are developed with the use of “moralistic imaginations,” with implementers and other participants inventively linking specific activities with perceived moral deficiencies within particular settings. The article outlines an assortment of “performative shaming” approaches using these platforms, with digital vigilantism (sometimes labeled as “digilantism” or “netilantism”) often involved or even fostered in some online shaming initiatives. It highlights the cases of shamings related to commonplace contexts such as school lunch money deficits and reported teacher productivity dysfunctions, as well as tax and child support delinquencies, opening questions of how everyday life activities are construed and reframed in the process.
Research on Efficient Fast Scintillators: Evidence and X‐Ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy Characterization of Ce4+ in Ce3+, Mg2+‐Co‐Doped Gd3Al2Ga3O12 Garnet Crystal
Authors: Dantelle Géraldine , Boulon Georges , Guyot Yannick , Testemale Denis , Guzik Malgorzata , Kurosawa Shunsuke , Kamada Kei , Yoshikawa Akira
Published: November 2019

Herein, the most advanced oxide scintillator Ce3+, Mg2+‐co‐doped Gd3Al2Ga3O12 (GAGG) garnet host, grown using the Czochralski method is reported. The charge transfer absorption band in UV, such as in other Ce3+, Mg2+‐co‐doped oxides, reveals the creation of stable Ce4+ oxidation state, in addition to the usual Ce3+ one, admitted as responsible of the scintillation mechanism improvement displayed by this garnet. Strangely, the confirmation of quantitative values of Ce4+ concentration has never been done, and the goal is mainly focused on the presence of Ce4+ and the evaluation of the Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio measured by X‐ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) spectroscopy at the Ce LIII threshold of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). This result is compared with those obtained for Ce3+, Mg2+‐co‐doped Lu3Al5O12 (LuAG) and, also, in garnets without any Mg2+ ions such as Ce3+‐doped GAGG, Ce3+‐doped LuAG, and Ce3+‐doped YAG. The role of Li+ ion in place of Mg2+ one is also considered in Ce3+, Li+‐co‐doped LuAG single crystal.
A study of sustainable practices in the sustainability leadership of international contractors
Authors: Tan Yongtao , Shuai Chenyang , Shen Liyin , Hou Lei , Zhang Guomin
Published: November 2019

With an increasing global need for sustainable development, numerous world‐leading construction corporations have devoted significant efforts to implementing sustainable practices. However, few previous studies have shared these valuable experiences in a systematic and quantitative way. RobecoSAM has published The Sustainability Yearbook annually since 2004, which lists the sustainability leaders in various industries, including the construction industry. Learning from those sustainability leaders in the construction industry can provide useful references for construction‐related companies when developing their sustainable development strategies. Based on a comprehensive literature review, this paper identified 51 methods used for improving sustainability performance and 34 outcomes achieved via these methods. These methods and outcomes are used for coding the sustainable practices of sustainability leaders in the construction sector. Using the coding system, 133 annual sustainability reports issued by 22 sustainability leaders (The Sustainability Yearbook, RobecoSAM 2010–2016) in the construction sector were analyzed using content analysis. Social network analysis was then employed to identify the key adopted methods and achieved outcomes (KAMAO) of these leaders. The dynamic trend and regional analysis of KAMAO are also presented. These KAMAO findings provide valuable guidance for international contractors to develop a better understanding of the primary sustainable methods adopted by sustainability leaders in the construction sector and the top outcomes achieved by these leaders. The findings also provide a useful reference for international contractors to evaluate their current sustainability‐related strategies and make improvements.
The impact of work stress on sexual minority employees: Could psychological flexibility be a helpful solution?
Authors: Singh Rajinder Sonia , O'Brien William H.
Published: November 2019

In the workplace, people who identify as sexual minorities experience elevated levels of incivility, discrimination, and a general lack of protection from unfair workplace practices. These difficulties can then lead to adverse physical, psychological, and social outcomes. Internalized homonegativity may contribute to these negative outcomes as well. Psychological flexibility has been associated with improved psychological and physical health. The current study is a cross‐sectional assessment of adults who identify as sexual minorities (n = 312) examining the relation among work stress, well‐being, psychological flexibility, and internalized homonegativity. It was hypothesized that greater work stress would be related to lower well‐being, lower psychological flexibility, and higher internalized homonegativity. Further, it was hypothesized that internalized homonegativity and psychological flexibility would mediate the relation between work stress and well‐being. Results indicated that psychological flexibility was a significant mediator between work stress and well‐being, but internalized homonegativity was not. This suggests that psychological flexibility could be a useful tool for sexual minorities to respond effectively in difficult workplace situations.
Boston Ivy Disk‐Inspired Pressure‐Mediated Adhesive Film Patches
Authors: Lee Chaemyeong , Choi Song‐Ee , Kim Jin Woong , Lee Sang‐Yup
Published: November 2019

Boston ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata) climbs brick walls using its tendril disks, which excrete a sticky substance to perform binding and attachment. While the cellular structures and adhesive substances involved have been identified for decades, their practical applicability as an adhesive has not yet been demonstrated. A Boston ivy disk‐inspired adhesive film patch system is reported in which structural and compositional features of the Boston ivy disk are mimicked with a form of thin adhesive film patches. In analogy to the sticky disk of a mature ivy in which porous microchannels are occupied by catechol‐containing microgranules on the bound site, 3,4‐dihydroxylphenylalanine bolaamphiphile nanoparticle (DOPA‐C7 NP)‐coated alginate microgels are two‐dimensionally positioned into the cylindrical holes that are periodically micropatterned on the flexible stencil film. Finally, it is demonstrated that the pressurization of the patch breaks the microgels filled in the holes, releasing the polysaccharides and leading to crosslinking with DOPA‐C7 NPs via ligandation with combined Ca2+ and Fe3+ ions, thus enabling development of a pressure‐mediated adhesion technology.
Surface Engineering of Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys for Enhanced Orthopedic Implants
Authors: Li Yixuan , Zhao Sheng , Li Sirong , Ge Yuxiang , Wang Rongliang , Zheng Liming , Xu Jiankun , Sun Minghui , Jiang Qing , Zhang Yifeng , Wei Hui
Published: November 2019

Magnesium (Mg) alloys have been promised for biomedical implants in orthopedic field, however, the fast corrosion rate and mode challenge their clinical application. To push Mg alloys materials into practice, a composite coating with biodegradable and high compatible components to improve anticorrosion property of an Mg alloy (i.e., AZ31) is designed and fabricated. The inner layer is micro‐nano structured Mg(OH)2 through hydrothermal treatment. Then stearic acid (SA) is introduced to modify Mg(OH)2 for better reducing the gap below a surface‐degradation polymer layer of poly(1,3‐trimethylene carbonate). Benefited by the SA modification effect, this sandwiched coating avoids corrosive medium penetration via enhancing the adhesion strength at the interface between outer and inner layers. Both in vitro and in vivo tests indicate that the composite coating modified AZ31 perform a better anticorrosion behavior and biocompatibility compared to bare AZ31. Strikingly, a 1.7‐fold improvement in volume of newly formed bone is observed surrounding the composite coating modified implant after 12 week implantation. The sandwiched biocompatible coating strategy paves a hopeful way for future translational application of Mg alloys orthopedic materials in clinics.