bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and influencing factors for artifact development in breast MRI-derived maximum intensity projections
Authors: Kapsner Lorenz A , Balbach Eva L , Laun Frederik B , Baumann Lukas , Ohlmeyer Sabine , Uder Michael , Bickelhaupt Sebastian , Wenkel Evelyn
Published: September 2023

Background

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides high diagnostic sensitivity for breast cancer. However, MRI artifacts may impede the diagnostic assessment. This is particularly important when evaluating maximum intensity projections (MIPs), such as in abbreviated MRI (AB-MRI) protocols, because high image quality is desired as a result of fewer sequences being available to compensate for problems.

Purpose

To describe the prevalence of artifacts on dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI-derived MIPs and to investigate potentially associated attributes.

Material and Methods

For this institutional review board approved retrospective analysis, MIPs were generated from subtraction series and cropped to represent the left and right breasts as regions of interest. These images were labeled by three independent raters regarding the presence of MRI artifacts. MRI artifact prevalence and associations with patient characteristics and technical attributes were analyzed using descriptive statistics and generalized linear models (GLMMs).

Results

The study included 2524 examinations from 1794 patients (median age 50 years), performed on 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla MRI systems. Overall inter-rater agreement was kappa = 0.54. Prevalence of significant unilateral artifacts was 29.2% (736/2524), whereas bilateral artifacts were present in 37.8% (953/2524) of all examinations. According to the GLMM, artifacts were significantly positive associated with age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.52) and magnetic field strength (OR = 1.55), whereas a negative effect could be shown for body mass index (OR = 0.95).

Conclusion

MRI artifacts on DCE subtraction MIPs of the breast, as used in AB-MRI, are a relevant topic. Our results show that, besides the magnetic field strength, further associated attributes are patient age and body mass index, which can provide possible targets for artifact reduction.
Amdoparvovirus-associated disease in red pandas (Ailurus fulgens)
Authors: Alex Charles E. , Kvapil Pavel , Busch Martin D. M. , Jensen Trine , Conley Kenneth , Jackson Kenneth , Stubbs Eric L. , Gjeltema Jenessa , Garner Michael M. , Kubiski Steven V. , Pesavento Patricia A.
Published: September 2023

The roster of amdoparvoviruses (APVs) in small carnivores is growing rapidly, but in most cases, the consequences of infection are poorly understood. Red panda amdoparvovirus (RPAV) is highly prevalent in zoo-housed red pandas and has been detected in both healthy and sick animals. Clarifying the clinical impact of RPAV in this endangered species is critical, and zoological collections offer a unique opportunity to examine viral disease association in carefully managed populations. We evaluated the potential impact of RPAV in captive red pandas with a combination of prospective and retrospective analyses. First, we collected feces from 2 healthy animals from one collection over a 6-year period and detected virus in 72/75 total samples, suggesting that RPAV can be a long-term subclinical infection. We next investigated the infections using a retrospective study of infection status and tissue distribution in a cohort of necropsied animals. We performed polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization on 43 necropsy cases from 4 zoo collections (3 from the United States, 1 from Europe, 1997–2022). RPAV was present in these populations for at least 2 decades before its discovery and is detectable in common and significant lesions of zoo-housed red pandas, including myocarditis (3/3 cases), nephritis (9/10), and interstitial pneumonia (2/4). RPAV is also detectable in sporadic lesions, including multisystemic pyogranulomatous inflammation, oral/pharyngeal mucosal inflammation, and dermatitis. The colocalization of virus with lesions supports a role in causation, suggesting that despite the apparently persistent and subclinical carriage of most infections, RPAV may have a significant impact in zoo collections.
Lathrop Preservation Campaign: social mobilisation to save public housing in Chicago
Authors: Williams Cameron , Miller Madison , Jimenez Ramiro
Published: September 2023

This article provides an ethnographic account of the Lathrop Preservation Campaign, a grassroots effort to prevent the demolition of Lathrop Homes, one of the most diverse public housing developments in Chicago, Illinois. In 2000, the Chicago Housing Association implemented a Plan for Transformation to redevelop public housing throughout the city, based on a nationwide effort to deconcentrate poverty in subsidised housing and create mixed-income communities. The Lathrop Preservation Campaign, which consisted of residents, organisers and allies, worked to stop the demolition of Lathrop Homes, minimise the loss of public housing units and to prevent the displacement of residents. Through participant observation and interviews, the authors trace how the community came together to challenge the use of poverty deconcentration programmes and to mobilise around issues of historic preservation and racial discrimination.
Canadian Association of Radiologists Trauma Diagnostic Imaging Referral Guideline
Authors: Hamel Candyce , Abdeen Nishard , Avard Barb , Campbell Samuel , Corser Noel , Ditkofsky Noah , Berger Ferco , Murray Nicolas
Published: September 2023

The Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR) Trauma Expert Panel consists of adult and pediatric emergency and trauma radiologists, emergency physicians, a family physician, a patient advisor, and an epidemiologist/guideline methodologist. After developing a list of 21 clinical/diagnostic scenarios, a systematic rapid scoping review was undertaken to identify systematically produced referral guidelines that provide recommendations for 1 or more of these clinical/diagnostic scenarios. Recommendations from 49 guidelines and contextualization criteria in the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) for guidelines framework were used to develop 50 recommendation statements across the 21 scenarios related to the evaluation of traumatic injuries. This guideline presents the methods of development and the recommendations for head, face, neck, spine, hip/pelvis, arms, legs, superficial soft tissue injury foreign body, chest, abdomen, and non-accidental trauma.
Harris hawks optimization tuned exponential reaching law based integral SMC for pitch control of linear hydraulic actuated wind turbines
Authors: Venkaiah Paladugu , Sarkar Bikash Kumar , Chatterjee Amitava
Published: September 2023

In the present study 5MW NREL horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) has been considered for pitch control to reduce fatigue loads and maintain rated power in region III of operation, that is, above rated wind condition. An electrohydraulic linear actuation system has been considered for blade-pitch revolve-motion of the rotor blade, based upon available wind speed. An augmented state improved exponential reaching law integral sliding mode controller (ASIERL-ISMC) has been designed for the HAWT pitch control application. In contrast to the previously reported improved exponential reaching law based controllers, in our ASIERL-ISMC, all state variables and the sliding variable have been considered together to define an augmented reaching law that can enhance the degree of freedom of the controller. Further, hyperparameters of the proposed ASIERL-ISMC have been optimized using Harris hawks optimization (HHO), to achieve superior control performance. The performances of this proposed HHO-ASIERL-ISMC have been compared with existing dynamic exponential term reaching law integral sliding mode controller (DETRL-ISMC) and improved exponential reaching law integral sliding mode controller (IERL-ISMC). The robustness and sensitivity of the proposed ASIERL-ISMC and HHO-ASIERL-ISMC have also been tested with three different available wind data. The proposed HHO-ASIERL-ISMC has been found to provide the most superior performance, in terms of both blade-pitch angle error (computed using integral absolute error (IAE)) and control energy (CE).
A harmonic suppression method for low-frequency electromagnetic vibrators
Authors: Gao Yu , Zhou Jie , He Wen
Published: September 2023

Due to various nonlinear factors in an ordinary electromagnetic vibrator, the distortion of its output vibration waveform will always happen, especially at low frequencies (≤20 Hz), which blocks its application in a lot of area. To improve the acceleration waveform precision and reduce distortions at low frequencies, a waveform harmonic suppression method for low-frequency electromagnetic vibrators is proposed. After extracting the harmonic components in the output acceleration waveforms, a digital composite signal with harmonic compensation components is prospected according to the frequency response characteristic of the vibrator, and then sent back to drive the vibrator, which results in that the harmonic components in the formal waveform is suppressed. The proposed method was verified by simulations and experiments, and results show that the total harmonic distortions (THDs) of accelerations are reduced effectively at low frequencies, typically from 23% to less than 2% at the frequency as low as 0.1 Hz. The method is stable and robust because there is no real-time feedback loop in the system.
Understanding the power of mindfulness from a cultural-psychological perspective
Authors: von Fircks Enno
Published: September 2023

In the present paper I investigate the phenomenon of mindfulness from a cultural-psychological perspective. During the past years mindfulness has been primarily treated as an independent (intervention) variable trying to evidence its effectiveness in relation to psychotherapy as well as to specific work outcomes such as a decrease in stress symptoms at work. Yet, what has been rather missing within the literature is the analysis of mindfulness from a theoretical and historical perspective. Arguing with E.E. Boesch, I show based on an autoethnography that the need for mindfulness emerges when there are conflicts with one’s fantasms (private needs, goals, wants, wishes) or with a specific myth in one’s community (you should work hard in order to become a good citizen). I conclude with the findings that mindfulness has the power to alter one’s fantasms hierachy as well as the stance towards a specific myth in one’s community. This is further evidenced by analyzing the glass bead game of H. Hesse and which role mindfulness plays in there – a transformative role for individuals and groups.
Congenital cleft lip and palate and elevated risks of major psychiatric disorders: A nationwide longitudinal study
Authors: Huang Hsiang-Hsuan , Hsu Ju-Wei , Huang Kai-Lin , Su Tung-Ping , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Tsai Shih-Jen , Chen Mu-Hong
Published: September 2023

Background

Congenital cleft lip and palate (CCLP) may be associated with major psychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder.

Methods

From the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, 1,158 children and adolescents with CCLP and 11,580 age/sex-matched controls without CCLP were included in this study between 2001 and 2010; they were followed up until the end of 2011 to identify the aforementioned major psychiatric disorders.

Results

After adjustment for age, sex, income, residence, and family history, the Cox regression model revealed a positive relationship of CCLP with subsequent schizophrenia (hazard ratio [HR]: 7.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.03–28.54), ASD (HR: 6.03, 95% CI: 1.76–20.61), and ADHD (HR: 7.33, 95% CI: 5.01–10.73).

Discussion

These findings suggest that clinicians should be attentive to the presence or emergence of mental health conditions in patients with CCLP. Further studies are necessary to investigate the pathogenesis between CCLP and major psychiatric disorders.
Streaming and India's film-centred video culture: Linguistic and formal diversity
Authors: Tiwary Ishita
Published: September 2023

In this article, I foreground the importance of the ‘cinematic’ as the most important vector of video cultures in India. The article identifies how the timeline of video culture disruption in India deviates from countries with stronger television-based cultures. The availability of videocassettes and their ability to make movies more widely available was consequently of greater consequence in India than in other places, and a development that was still adjusting the video culture as digital distribution arrived. Internet distribution and digital production technologies have also brought significant changes to India's viewing culture, though again, the peculiarities of the Indian market make these changes distinctive. Where many countries have encountered greater access to foreign-produced content and services, key digital changes in India tie into access to and interest in a broader range of domestic cinema. The following analysis flags key moments of disruption and explores discussion of the emergence of pan-Indian film that coincided with streaming platform adoption in India.
Lay theories of diversity initiatives: Theory and measurement of zero-sum and win-win beliefs
Authors: Ballinger Taylor , Jiang Tao , Crocker Jennifer
Published: September 2023

Three studies introduce a novel individual-difference construct to explain majority group members’ responses to organizational diversity efforts: lay theories of diversity initiatives. Zero-sum beliefs (ZSBs) presume that efforts to advance diversity come at the expense of majority group members. Win-win beliefs (WWBs) posit that diversity initiatives can benefit all racial groups. Study 1 created and validated measures of ZSBs and WWBs. Study 2 showed that ZSBs and WWBs are distinct from 10 intergroup measures (e.g., social dominance orientation, modern racism) and that each lay theory accounts for unique variance in explaining Whites’ reactions to diversity initiatives. Study 3 demonstrated that ZSBs and WWBs predict Whites’ reactions to diversity policies of a hypothetical company. These findings suggest that ZSBs and WWBs both help explain majority group members’ backlash against and support for organizational diversity initiatives.
Exploring the mechanical, metallurgical, and fracture characteristics of hybrid-reinforced magnesium metal matrix composite synthesized via friction stir processing route
Authors: Sagar Prem , Handa Amit
Published: September 2023

Low-cost hybrid-reinforced magnesium metal matrix composite (HMMC) materials present a revolutionary category of materials achieved by combining two or more distinct reinforcing elements within the magnesium (Mg) matrix. The main focus of this research is to fabricate Mg-based HMMCs with exceptional mechanical and other characteristics by utilizing Mg substrate AZ61A as the base material. To achieve this, nano-titanium carbide (TiC), nano-silicon carbide (SiC), and fly ash (FA) were selected as hybrid reinforcements, and the friction stir processing technique was employed for their incorporation. The microstructural, thermal, mechanical, wear, and fracture properties of synthesized HMMCs were carefully examined using a conventional testing approach. The findings demonstrate that the grain size of the base AZ61A alloy was measured at 32 µm, whereas the AZ61A/FA/TiC/SiC composite exhibited a remarkable reduction to 3.5 µm. Notably, this reduction in grain size leads to simultaneous enhancement in mechanical properties. The microhardness, ultimate tensile strength, and ultimate compressive strength of the developed HMMC showed an impressive increase, measuring 2.09 times, 2.75 times, and 2.10 times higher, respectively, compared to their initial values of the base material. Moreover, a significant enhancement in wear resistance was also observed, attributed to the increased hardness and homogenous hybrid reinforcement dispersion into the HMMCs. In addition, it was evident that the synergistic combination of different reinforcement particulates in Mg-based alloy improves overall fracture resistance and catastrophic failure and mitigates crack propagation.
Pandemic reflections on the Care and Control exhibition: refusals, contracts and publics
Authors: Perrier Maud , Tatton Brown Alice , Yamashita Junko
Published: September 2023

This article presents reflections on our pre-Covid-19 exhibition Care and Control, and our interdisciplinary collaboration between artist Alice Tatton Brown and social scientists Maud Perrier and Junko Yamashita. The reflections expand current feminist debates about self-care and collective care by centring the importance of public space, refusals and contracts. Care and Control was designed as both an exhibition and a meeting place, created through our ongoing collaboration. It took place in a shopping centre in Bristol (UK) in June 2019. The exhibition was a collage of feminist archival objects and print, contemporary installation and community engagement. Care and Control began broadly as an experiment to seek out alternatives to an individualist approach to self-care, by researching how Women's Liberation Activists practised self-care and collective care beyond the household, and within protest, friendship and public space. In this article, we make a methodological contribution to feminist discussions of collective care by showing how our strategy of a) making a public exhibition and b) writing a Contract of Care is a significant technique for enacting some of the promise of Audre Lorde’s ‘self-care as warfare’. We show how Care and Control, drawing from the legacy of the Women's Liberation Movement, generated resources for countering definitions of self-care that predominate. Reflecting on how the Covid-19 pandemic has exacerbated classed, racialised and gendered divisions in reproductive labour, our article suggests that self-care and collective care need to be conceptualised drawing on social reproduction.
Determination of particle paths and hydrodynamic forces of random wind forced nonlinear ocean waves
Authors: Hollm Marten , Dostal Leo , Carter John D , Seifried Robert
Published: September 2023

The hydrodynamic forces of nonlinear deep water gravity waves acting on cylindrical offshore structures are studied. Thereby, the waves are excited by random wind and the corresponding effect on the particle paths and hydrodynamic forces is investigated. This is done for the Peregrine breather solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which is nowadays considered as a prototype of extreme waves in open seas. Using this theory, the loads on mechanical structures can be calculated efficiently. It is shown that the Peregrine breather can exist under strong and gusty wind conditions and the water particles experience a horizontal drift. This leads to a force with randomly increasing amplitude in time, whereby a mean wind velocity of 50 km/h results in an increase of about 3%. The increase of hydrodynamic forces caused by the wind should therefore be considered for the construction of mechanical structures operating in the ocean.
Predictive probability of detection curves based on data from undamaged structures
Authors: Mendler Alexander , Döhler Michael , Grosse Christian U
Published: September 2023

This paper develops a model-assisted approach for determining predictive probability of detection curves. The approach is “model-assisted,” as the damage-sensitive features are evaluated in combination with a numerical model of the examined structure. It is “predictive” in the sense that probability of detection (POD) curves can be constructed based on measurement records from the undamaged structure, avoiding any destructive tests. The approach can be applied to a wide range of damage-sensitive features in structural health monitoring and non-destructive testing, provided the statistical distribution of the features can be approximated by a normal distribution. In particular, it is suitable for global vibration-based features, such as modal parameters, and evaluates changes in local structural components, for example, changes in material properties, cross-sectional values, prestressing forces, and support conditions. The approach explicitly considers the statistical uncertainties of the features due to measurement noise, unknown excitation, or other noise sources. Moreover, through confidence intervals, it considers model-based uncertainties due to uncertain structural parameters and a possible mismatch between the modeled and the real structure. Experimental studies based on a laboratory beam structure demonstrate that the approach can predict the POD before damage occurs. Ultimately, several ways to utilize predictive POD curves are discussed, for example, for the evaluation of the most suitable measurement equipment, for quality control, for feature selection, or sensor placement optimization.
Beyond the Game Itself: Understanding Authorial Intent, Player Agency, and Materiality as Degrees of Paratextuality
Authors: Seiwald Regina
Published: September 2023

Video games present a complex medium for the study of paratextuality due to their fringed textual, authorial, and material borders. This paper addresses how previous and current research in video game paratextuality informs analyzes of authorial intent, player agency, and materiality with regard to the text–paratexts relationship established in video games. The first part of this article revisits Genette's concept of paratexts in light of video game scholarship. It then offers a detailed analysis of authorial intent and player agency as well as materiality in terms of paratexts by looking at sandbox games, narrative games, and first-person shooter games as case study groups. Distinguishing between instances of high, medium, and low paratextuality shows that ancillary material is located at different distances from the text and with varying influence on its reception, proposing paratextuality as a gradient scale.
Co-simulation method of pneumatic UAV launching device based on Adams-Hypneu
Authors: Lee Chin-Fa , Tsai Jhy-Cherng , Kuo Cheng-Hsiung
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this paper is to use the co-simulation method to predict the velocity of the dummy during the launching process. Taking the PL-40 launching device of ELI Company as the research target, Adams is used to establish the mechanism model, and Hypneu establishes the pneumatic model. At the launching conditions of the 10 kg dummy and 10 bar tank pressure, the preliminary co-simulation result is compared with the launching test, and the velocity error is −3.7%. The frictional force is not a constant and depends strongly on the shuttle’s pull force during the launching process. The results are coincident with the shuttle’s kinetics equations and co-simulation results. The frictional forces between wheels and rail significantly affect the dummy’s velocity of launch devices (LDs). The effect of drag force on dummy velocity is 0.4% for the LD during launching. While the co-simulation results are compared with the reference of all conditions, and the maximum launching velocity error is −3.8%.
Discerning risk-takers from avoiders: Which teachers are more likely to support teaching about the violent past in Ambon, Indonesia?
Authors: Fatah Anton Abdul , Kuppens Line , Langer Arnim
Published: September 2023

In 2005, Kitson and McCully introduced the ‘risk-taking’ continuum, representing the multiple ways in which teachers in post-conflict societies deal with the history of conflict in the classroom. ‘Avoiders’, at one extreme, refrain from teaching the violent past, while at the other extreme ‘risk-takers’ analyse multiple perspectives on what happened and why. Since their seminal study, scholars have increasingly studied the challenges and opportunities related to teaching the violent past. Yet, so far no study has empirically tested and applied the continuum. Drawing on a survey of 558 secondary school teachers in post-conflict Ambon, Indonesia, we analyse the proportion and characteristics of ‘risk-takers’ as compared to ‘avoiders’. Our results show that ‘risk-takers’ represent a slim majority. While ‘risk-taking’ is associated with political interest and higher levels of education, teachers who suffered much harm during the conflict, whose students belong to a religious group other than theirs and/or those who think conflict causes have been addressed are less supportive of conflict history teaching.
The burden of low back pain in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity: from pathophysiology to prevention and treatment strategies
Authors: Ambrosio Luca , Mazzuca Giorgia , Maguolo Alice , Russo Fabrizio , Cannata Francesca , Vadalà Gianluca , Maffeis Claudio , Papalia Rocco , Denaro Vincenzo
Published: September 2023

Nonspecific low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common causes of disability, affecting all individuals at least once in their lifetime. Such a condition is also becoming increasingly frequent in the pediatric population, especially in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity. Furthermore, new-onset LBP during adolescence has been demonstrated to be a strong predictor of developing LBP later in life, contributing to poorer outcomes and increasing social and medical costs. Several causes and different mechanisms have been considered for the development of LBP in pediatric individuals affected by obesity. For this reason, planning adequate prevention and treatment strategies, mainly through conservative lifestyle changes, would be crucial to anticipate the negative consequences of persisting LBP in adulthood. The aim of this narrative review was to characterize the relationship between LBP and overweight/obesity in the pediatric population, highlighting epidemiological and pathophysiological aspects. In addition, prevention and treatment approaches will be reviewed considering the need to reduce the burden of LBP on this population. According to our search, LBP was more frequent in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity and has been associated with several anthropometric and lifestyle factors, including lumbar hyperlordosis, sedentary habits, physical inactivity, carrying a heavy schoolbag, low vitamin D levels, psychosocial ill-being, and premature intervertebral disc degeneration. Most of these conditions may be addressed with conservative strategies mainly consisting of dietary adjustments, physical exercise, education programs, and physical therapy.
Treatment with adalimumab in patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases: a study of treatment trajectories on a patient level in routine care
Authors: Redeker Imke , Moustakis Stefan , Tsiami Styliani , Baraliakos Xenofon , Andreica Ioana , Buehring Bjoern , Braun Jürgen , Kiltz Uta
Published: September 2023

Background:

Previous experiences with non-medical switching of adalimumab (ADA) in patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (CIRD) come mainly from phase III extension of randomised clinical trials and little from routine care.

Objectives:

To analyse treatment trajectories over 2 years in patients with CIRD conducting a non-medical switch from originator to biosimilar ADA.

Design:

A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted with data from a third-level rheumatology centre in Germany. CIRD patients on originator ADA who switched to ADA biosimilar from October 2018 onwards were identified and followed until September 2020.

Methods:

Patients’ characteristics were compared between the four a priori defined treatment trajectories ‘continued biosimilar ADA therapy’, ‘back-switch to originator ADA therapy’, ‘switch to another biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (bDMARD) therapy’ and ‘stopped bDMARD therapy/death/drop out’. Factors associated with continuing biosimilar ADA therapy were analysed using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses.

Results:

A total of 121 CIRD patients were included. Most patients (66.9%) continued therapy with biosimilar ADA over 2 years, with a treatment retention rate of 73.1%. Whereas 21 patients (17.4%) switched back to originator ADA, mainly due to adverse events, and 8 patients (6.6%) switched to a different bDMARD, mainly due to lack of effect. The estimated risk of withdrawal was lower for longer prior duration on originator ADA [hazard ratio (HR): 0.82; 95% CI: 0.69–0.97] and higher for higher C-reactive protein levels at baseline (HR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.00–1.39). Male patients, older patients and those for whom originator ADA was their first bDMARD tended to have a lower risk of withdrawal.

Conclusion:

Our results indicated that three of four patients continue biosimilar ADA over 2 years with lower risks of withdrawal for male sex, older age, longer prior duration on originator ADA and originator ADA as first bDMARD.
Outcomes of Activity-Related Lower Extremity Muscle Tears After Application of the British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hollabaugh William L. , Sin Alexander , Walden Rachel Lane , Weaver Jennifer S. , Porras Lauren P. , LeClere Lance E. , Karpinos Ashley R. , Coronado Rogelio A. , Gregory Andrew J. , Sullivan Jaron P.
Published: September 2023

Context:

Muscle injury classification and grading systems have been reported for >100 years; yet it offer limited evidence relating the clinical or radiological qualities of a muscle injury to the pathology or clinical outcome. The British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification (BAMIC) incorporates recent predictive features of muscle injuries and provides a precise radiographic framework for clinical prediction and management.

Objective:

To investigate clinical outcomes, particularly time to return to play (RTP), reinjury rate (RIR), and prognostic value of specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, of activity-related muscle injuries (tears) in athletes after application of the BAMIC.

Data Sources:

A search of PubMed (NLM), EMBASE (Ovid), Web of Science (Clarivate), Cochrane Library (Wiley), and ClinicalTrials.gov from the inception date of each database through August 31, 2022, was conducted. Keywords included the BAMIC.

Study Selection:

All English language studies evaluating clinical outcomes of RTP and RIR after activity-related muscle injuries and where BAMIC was applied were included. A total of 136 articles were identified, and 11 studies met inclusion criteria.

Study Design:

Systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42022353801).

Level of Evidence:

Level 2.

Data Extraction:

Two reviewers independently screened studies for eligibility and extracted data. Methodological quality of included study was assessed independently by 2 reviewers with the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Scale (NOS); 11 good quality studies (4 prospective cohort studies, 7 retrospective cohort studies) with 468 athletes (57 female) and 574 muscle injuries were included.

Results:

All studies reported a statistically significant relationship between BAMIC grade, BAMIC injury site, and/or combined BAMIC grade and injury site with RTP. A statistically significant increased RIR was reported by BAMIC grade and BAMIC injury site in 2 of 4 and 3 of 4 studies, respectively. The prognostic value of individual MRI criteria was limited.

Conclusion:

Consistent evidence suggests that BAMIC offers prognostic and therapeutic guidance for clinical outcomes, particularly RTP and RIR, after activity-related muscle injuries in athletes that may be superior to previous muscle injury classification and grading systems.
Observations on the future trajectories of postcolonial literary geography
Authors: Roy Madhumita
Published: September 2023

In this commentary, I chart the future trajectories of postcolonial literary geography that would enable it to become an inquiry of literary and geographical knowledge of 21st century globalization replete with neo-imperial agendas and controls. In this context, I focus on three overlapping moments in critical thought – the spatial turn, affective turn, and environmental turn – that can revitalize postcolonial literary geography to analyze and contest contemporary crises in place-making and its reflection in literature.
From Community Governance to Customer Service and Back Again: Re-Examining Pre-Web Models of Online Governance to Address Platforms’ Crisis of Legitimacy
Authors: Zuckerman Ethan , Rajendra-Nicolucci Chand
Published: September 2023

As online platforms grow, they find themselves increasingly trying to balance two competing priorities: individual rights and public health. This has coincided with the professionalization of platforms’ trust and safety operations—what we call the “customer service” model of online governance. As professional trust and safety teams attempt to balance individual rights and public health, platforms face a crisis of legitimacy, with decisions in the name of individual rights or public health scrutinized and criticized as corrupt, arbitrary, and irresponsible by stakeholders of all stripes. We review early accounts of online governance to consider whether the customer service model has obscured a promising earlier model where members of the affected community were significant, if not always primary, decision-makers. This community governance approach has deep roots in the academic computing community and has re-emerged in spaces like Reddit and special purpose social networks and in novel platform initiatives such as the Oversight Board and Community Notes. We argue that community governance could address persistent challenges of online governance, particularly online platforms’ crisis of legitimacy. In addition, we think community governance may offer valuable training in democratic participation for users.
Concentration of power in nomination of presidential candidates in Indonesia
Authors: Sabrina Dian Fitri , Inder Brett
Published: September 2023

Since 2004, Indonesia has held 5-yearly national elections for the positions of president and vice president. This has been a promising step forward in a maturing democracy. However, a restriction was imposed that nomination of presidential candidates can only be made made by political parties with parliamentary representation above some minimum level—the “minimum threshold”. That threshold is relatively high, meaning that since 2009, there has only ever been two candidates for president in the elections, each backed by coalitions led by the dominant establishment parties. This paper discusses the workings of the minimum threshold and argues that it undermines democratic principles, having the effect of preserving and strengthening the power of the strongest political parties at the expense of new or emerging voices. We also propose an alternative approach that delivers the desired broader democratic voice.
Evaluation of routine practices of dispensing pattern among community pharmacists in Can Tho city, Vietnam: A cross-sectional simulated patient approach
Authors: Nguyen Phuc Hung , Nguyen Phuong Thuy , Vo Thi My Huong , Nguyen Thi Tuyet Minh
Published: September 2023

Background:

Drugstores are preferred patients’ channels of contact when getting minor ailments. Given the hike in both the prevalence and severity of influenza and acute childhood diarrhea, the role, and performances of pharmacy staff should be examined.

Design and methods:

A team of pharmacy students was voluntarily recruited and trained to play the role of simulated customer visiting 228 chosen community pharmacies in six districts in Can Tho city. This process is conducted from 2021 to 2022.

Results:

The study reveals detailed information about symptoms is the most common inquiry (99.2% in scenario 1). The consulting quality is poor, 85% of instances recorded to have no medical guidelines for influenza circumstances. Meanwhile, nearly four-fifths of pharmacists provide instructions on dosage intake. It is also found that length of services is statistically different between influenza and watery diarrhea ( p < 0.05, CI = 95%).

Conclusions:

Clinical practices of community pharmacists, overall, are disappointing and far below expectations.
Incidence and predictors of attrition among adults receiving first line anti-retroviral therapy at public health facility in Adea Berga district, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Kassa Seifu , Dingeta Tariku , Gobana Tesfaye , Dufera Tadesse
Published: September 2023

Background:

According to current estimates, there are 665,723 people in Ethiopia who have human immunodeficiency syndrome. As Ethiopia inches closer to attaining the 95/95/95 targets for treatment coverage and reaching epidemic control, however, attrition from anti-retroviral treatment is still one of the key programmatic challenges.

Objective:

To assess the incidence of attrition rate and its predictors among adult HIV patients receiving anti retro viral treatment at Public Health Facility in Adea Berga/Enchini District.

Method:

A 6-year (June 28, 2015 to June 27, 2021) institution-based retrospective cohort study was used to recruit 540 study participants by using simple random sampling. Data were obtained from chart review, coded, entered into Epi Data, and exported to Stata 14.2 software for analysis. At least 1 month missed appointment is considered as attrition and the predictors of attrition were identified using bivariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models and an adjusted hazard ratio (AHR). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to find predictors of attrition, p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

From the total 540 study participant, 158 (29.26%) patients were discontinuing from follow up making the incidence rate of attrition 9.50 per 100 person years .Being WHO clinical stage III or IV (AHR = 1.96,), non-practice of Appointment spacing model (AHR = 3.98), poor or fair ART adherence level (AHR = 6.47), age groups (15–24) years (AHR = 1.73) and Others ART linkage points[index case testing, tuberculosis clinic and referral from private/public health institutions] (AHR = 1.76) were significantly associated.

Conclusions:

The study showed that the incidence of attrition among adults receiving antiretroviral therapy was high. Patient sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment-related factors were significantly associated with patients on ART.
The Optical Translucency, Opalescence, and Reflectance of Different As-Received Ceramic Brackets: A Spectrophotometer Study
Authors: AlBadr Anisa H. , Talic Nabeel F.
Published: September 2023

Aim:

To determine the difference in the reflected color coordinates and to compare the translucency and opacity of different as-received ceramic brackets using a spectrophotometer.

Materials and Methods:

Four types of ceramic brackets were investigated in this in vitro study. A total of 72 ceramic brackets were examined using a spectrophotometer. Reflected color coordinates of the labial side of bracket were measured according to the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) color scale. Color difference between brackets was calculated using the equation: Δ E*ab = [(Δ L*)2 + (Δ a*)2 + (Δ b*)2] 1/2. Translucency parameter (TP) and opalescence parameter (OP) were calculated to determine translucency and opacity of the brackets, respectively. Data was collected and analyzed using IBM SPSS V25. The significance level was set at p ≤ .05. One-way ANOVA and post hoc multiple comparison tests were utilized.

Results:

The range for CIE L* (lightness) was 62.69 to 58.83, for a* (red–green parameter) −0.33 to −2.9 and for b* (yellow–blue parameter) −2.19 to 2.29. All these color co-ordinates were influenced by bracket brand ( p < .05). DISCREET™ showed the highest TP = 16.342 and Symetri™ Clear showed the lowest = 10.823. The OP values ranged between 1.783 and 3.781 and Symetri™ Clear showed the highest OP.

Conclusion:

Color coordinates, TP, and OP of esthetic brackets investigated with a spectrophotometer were significantly different and influenced by the material microstructure and/or manufacturing process.
Biomechanical Comparison of Stability and Strength After Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction With Suture Anchor Fixation Versus Bone Tunnels
Authors: Inagaki Kenta , Ochiai Nobuyasu , Hashimoto Eiko , Hattori Fumiya , Hiraoka Yu , Ise Shohei , Shimada Yohei , Ohtori Seiji
Published: September 2023

Background:

Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries occur frequently in baseball players, and UCL reconstruction is performed when nonoperative treatment fails.

Purpose:

To compare a novel all-suture anchor method of UCL reconstruction with a method using bone tunnels (Ito method) by investigating the displacement against valgus torque and the failure strength.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric upper extremities (mean age, 82.0 years) were utilized in this study. To evaluate the displacement against valgus torque, the valgus stability test was performed for 4 anterior oblique ligament (AOL) conditions: intact AOL, resected AOL, reconstructed using the anchor method, and reconstructed using the Ito method. The load-to-failure test was performed to evaluate the failure strength of the anchor and Ito methods. Displacement against valgus load was compared between conditions using the repeated-measures 2-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc test, and failure strength between the anchor and Ito methods was compared using the unpaired t test.

Results:

Displacements of the intact AOL and anchor method were significantly greater than those of the resected AOL at both 60° and 90° of flexion (intact AOL: P = .005 and P < .001, respectively; and anchor method: P = .024 and P < .001, respectively). The displacement of the Ito method at 90° of flexion was significantly greater than that of the resected AOL ( P = .003), but no significant difference was observed at 60° of flexion ( P = .109). There were no significant differences in displacement between the anchor and Ito methods at any flexion angle, nor was there a significant difference in failure torque between the anchor and Ito methods (16.3 ± 3.1 vs 17.6 ± 2.3 N·m, respectively; P = .537).

Conclusion:

The displacement and failure strength against a valgus load after UCL reconstruction using a suture anchor on the ulnar side were equal to those using bone tunnels.

Clinical Relevance:

UCL reconstruction using a suture anchor on the ulnar side is simpler and less invasive than using bone tunnels, with similar outcomes.
Top Wealth and Its Historical Origins: Identifying Entrenched Fortunes by Linking Rich Lists over 100 Years
Authors: Tisch Daria , Ischinsky Emma
Published: September 2023

The authors examine the historical origins of Germany’s 1,032 largest fortunes. The innovation of this research is to link a rich list from 2019 with rich lists from 1913 and genealogical data provided in Wikidata. The authors find a remarkable historical continuity of large fortunes despite two world wars, the Great Depression, regime changes, and different currency reforms. One third of the companies associated with today’s largest fortunes were founded before World War I. About 8 percent of today’s fortunes can be traced back to fortunes on rich lists from 1913. Regression analyses show that these entrenched fortunes rank on average higher on the rich list than fortunes of younger origin. Network analyses indicate that some of today’s largest fortunes are intertwined through marital lines, hinting at social closure at the top. These findings indicate that the accumulation and perpetuation of fortunes over many generations is an important feature of top wealth in Germany.
Antifeminist Sentiments and Marital Desire among Young Men: Evidence from South Korea
Authors: Kim Joeun
Published: September 2023

Emerging research on antifeminism documents widespread antagonism among young men toward women and marriage. However, no quantitative study has explicitly investigated the connection between men’s antifeminist ideals and marital desire. Using a nationally representative sample of young Korean men ( n = 1,061), the author examines the latent variables of men’s antifeminist sentiments and their association with marital desire. Exploratory factor analysis revealed two dimensions of men’s antifeminist ideals: support for male superiority (e.g., men deserve greater power in society than women) and perceived male victimhood (e.g., male discrimination due to feminism). Support for male superiority predicted more positive attitudes toward marriage. On the contrary, male victimhood predicted substantially less favorable attitudes toward marriage and marital intention. The findings emphasize the multidimensionality of antifeminist sentiments and suggest a new avenue for understanding young men’s marital disinterest in a postindustrial context, that is, perceived male victimhood due to feminism.
Patient activated rapid response – the ‘999’ for patients admitted to hospital
Authors: Ngoya Ntumba Merveille , Edwards Eirian , Haegdorens Filip , Walsh Peter , Subbe Christian P
Published: September 2023

Background

Patient activated rapid response (PARR) services allow patients and family members to escalate care in hospital without agreement by their primary care team.

Methods

This paper explores the evidence base for PARR and examines the experience of a sample of patients to identify barriers and opportunities for PARR. These are then used to develop a framework for the measurement of PARR that can be applied to quantify clinical impact and develop new research.

Results

The observed number of escalation events by patients and family members is small. Interviews with patients suggested concerns of patients in undermining staff and difficulties to recall the mechanics of escalation during periods of acute illness. The Quadruple aim could be used as a framework to quantify impact: In a functioning PARR system earlier recognition of illness can be facilitated by patients and this should lead to 1. a reduction in cardiac arrests and preventable deaths, 2. timely admission to critical care with shorter (cheaper) length of stay, 3. better patient engagement and Patient Reported Experience measures and 4. flatter hierarchies with higher staff satisfaction.

Conclusion

PARR services are in the early stages of implementation. We present a framework to measure improvement of services and research.
Sonographic Association of Common Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness With Age, Obesity, and Hypertension
Authors: Ateeq Sumayya , Farooq Syed Muhammad Yousaf , Fatima Hamnah , Fatima Mehreen , Chaudhary Maya , Sabir Muqadas , Shafique Shaherbano , Basit Abdul , Mushtaq Sadia , Liaqat Muhammad
Published: September 2023

Objective:

The intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery (CCA) can indicate cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease risk, which could aid in early disease identification and prevention. This study was designed to correlate carotid artery IMT with age, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension using sonography.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional cohort study included 300 individuals of all ages selected through convenient sampling at a university clinic in Lahore from November 2022 to February 2023. An Xario XG ultrasound equipment system (Toshiba, Tokyo, Japan) and a 7.5- to 10-MHz linear transducer was used to examine the patients.

Results:

The CCA-IMT was evaluated in 300 individuals (mean age 36.83 years). Significant statistical differences were observed between hypertensive/non-hypertensive and diabetic/non-diabetic individuals ( P < .05). CCA-IMT was positively correlated with age and higher in obese/overweight individuals.

Conclusion:

This large cohort study found a significant difference in CCA-IMT between hypertensive/diabetic and normal individuals. CCA-IMT was positively correlated with age and body mass index.