bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A palaeoclimate proxy database for water security planning in Queensland Australia
Authors: Croke Jacky , Vítkovský John , Hughes Kate , Campbell Micheline , Amirnezhad-Mozhdehi Sahar , Parnell Andrew , Cahill Niamh , Dalla Pozza Ramona
Published: November 2021

Palaeoclimate data relating to hydroclimate variability over the past millennia have a vital contribution to make to the water sector globally. The water industry faces considerable challenges accessing climate data sets that extend beyond that of historical gauging stations. Without this, variability around the extremes of floods and droughts is unknown and stress-testing infrastructure design and water demands is challenging. User-friendly access to relevant palaeoclimate data is now essential, and importantly, an efficient process to determine which proxies are most relevant to a planning scenario, and geographic area of interest. This paper presents PalaeoWISE (Palaeoclimate Data forWaterIndustry andSecurity Planning) a fully integrated, and quality-assured database of proxy data extracted from data repositories and publications collated in Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format. We demonstrate the application of the database in Queensland, one of Australia’s most hydrologically extreme states. The database and resultant hydroclimate correlations provides both the scientific community, and water resource managers, with a valuable resource to better manage for future climate changes.
Ankle muscles drive mediolateral center of pressure control to ensure stable steady state gait
Authors: van Leeuwen A. M. , van Dieën J. H. , Daffertshofer A. , Bruijn S. M.
Published: November 2021

During steady-state walking, mediolateral gait stability can be maintained by controlling the center of pressure (CoP). The CoP modulates the moment of the ground reaction force, which brakes and reverses movement of the center of mass (CoM) towards the lateral border of the base of support. In addition to foot placement, ankle moments serve to control the CoP. We hypothesized that, during steady-state walking, single stance ankle moments establish a CoP shift to correct for errors in foot placement. We expected ankle muscle activity to be associated with this complementary CoP shift. During treadmill walking, full-body kinematics, ground reaction forces and electromyography were recorded in thirty healthy participants. We found a negative relationship between preceding foot placement error and CoP displacement during single stance; steps that were too medial were compensated for by a lateral CoP shift and vice versa, steps that were too lateral were compensated for by a medial CoP shift. Peroneus longus, soleus and tibialis anterior activity correlated with these CoP shifts. As such, we identified an (active) ankle strategy during steady-state walking. As expected, absolute explained CoP variance by foot placement error decreased when walking with shoes constraining ankle moments. Yet, contrary to our expectations that ankle moment control would compensate for constrained foot placement, the absolute explained CoP variance by foot placement error did not increase when foot placement was constrained. We argue that this lack of compensation reflects the interdependent nature of ankle moment and foot placement control. We suggest that single stance ankle moments do not only compensate for preceding foot placement errors, but also assist control of the subsequent foot placement. Foot placement and ankle moment control are ‘caught’ in a circular relationship, in which constraints imposed on one will also influence the other.
Effect of the finite speed of light in ionization of extended molecular systems
Authors: Ivanov I. A. , Kheifets Anatoli S. , Kim Kyung Taec
Published: November 2021

We study propagation effects due to the finite speed of light in ionization of extended molecular systems. We present a general quantitative theory of these effects and show under which conditions such effects should appear. The finite speed of light propagation effects are encoded in the non-dipole terms of the time-dependent Shrödinger equation and display themselves in the photoelectron momentum distribution projected on the molecular axis. Our numerical modeling for the $$\hbox {H}_{2}^{+}$$

H

2

+

molecular ion and the $$\hbox {Ne}_2$$

Ne
2

dimer shows that the finite light propagation time from one atomic center to another can be accurately determined in a table top laser experiment which is much more readily accessible than the ground breaking synchrotron measurement by Grundmann et al. (Science 370:339, 2020).
Tumor relevant protein functional interactions identified using bipartite graph analyses
Authors: Venkatraman Divya Lakshmi , Pulimamidi Deepshika , Shukla Harsh G. , Hegde Shubhada R.
Published: November 2021

An increased surge of -omics data for the diseases such as cancer allows for deriving insights into the affiliated protein interactions. We used bipartite network principles to build protein functional associations of the differentially regulated genes in 18 cancer types. This approach allowed us to combine expression data to functional associations in many cancers simultaneously. Further, graph centrality measures suggested the importance of upregulated genes such as BIRC5, UBE2C, BUB1B, KIF20A and PTH1R in cancer. Pathway analysis of the high centrality network nodes suggested the importance of the upregulation of cell cycle and replication associated proteins in cancer. Some of the downregulated high centrality proteins include actins, myosins and ATPase subunits. Among the transcription factors, mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (MCMs) and E2F family proteins appeared prominently in regulating many differentially regulated genes. The projected unipartite networks of the up and downregulated genes were comprised of 37,411 and 41,756 interactions, respectively. The conclusions obtained by collating these interactions revealed pan-cancer as well as subtype specific protein complexes and clusters. Therefore, we demonstrate that incorporating expression data from multiple cancers into bipartite graphs validates existing cancer associated mechanisms as well as directs to novel interactions and pathways.
Comparisons of physical activity and understanding of the importance of exercise according to dialysis modality in maintenance dialysis patients
Authors: Kim Jun Chul , Young Do Jun , Kang Seok Hui
Published: November 2021

Data regarding the status of physical activity or understanding of the importance of exercise, such as barriers of exercise or enablers of exercise, in dialysis patients were insufficient. This study aimed to evaluate the status of physical activity and the understanding of the importance of exercise in Korean dialysis patients. The study participants were recruited from 27 hospitals or dialysis centers (n = 1611). Physical activity was evaluated using the Korean version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form. High physical activity was defined as ≥ 600 metabolic equivalent of task (MET). Knowledge about the importance of exercise, enabler for regular exercise, benefits of exercise, and barrier to exercise was evaluated. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed by the Kidney Disease Quality of Life version 1.3. The number of participants in the hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) groups was 1247 and 364, respectively. The intensity of physical activity did not differ between the two modalities. The time of physical activity was longer in HD patients than in PD patients, which resulted in greater MET values and the number of high physical activity. There were 762 (61.1%) HD patients and 281 (77.2%) PD patients who heard of the importance of exercise (P < 0.001). In both HD and PD patients, dialysis staff played the most significant role as educators on the importance of exercise and enablers of exercise. The most important barriers to exercise were poor motivation and fatigue in both modalities. HD patients exhibited greater differences in HRQoL scales across two physical activity levels, compared to PD patients. Our study showed that the barrier to exercise and the enablers of exercise were poor motivation/fatigue and encouragement from dialysis staff, respectively.
Anti-inflammatory adipokines: chemerin, vaspin, omentin concentrations and SARS-CoV-2 outcomes
Authors: Kukla Michał , Menżyk Tomasz , Dembiński Marcin , Winiarski Marek , Garlicki Aleksander , Bociąga-Jasik Monika , Skonieczna Magdalena , Hudy Dorota , Maziarz Barbara , Kusnierz-Cabala Beata , Skladany Lubomir , Grgurevic Ivica , Wójcik-Bugajska Małgorzata , Grodzicki Tomasz , Stygar Dominika , Rogula Tomasz
Published: November 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with systemic inflammation. A wide range of adipokines activities suggests they influence pathogenesis and infection course. The aim was to assess concentrations of chemerin, omentin, and vaspin among COVID-19 patients with an emphasis on adipokines relationship with COVID-19 severity, concomitant metabolic abnormalities and liver dysfunction. Serum chemerin, omentin and vaspin concentrations were measured in serum collected from 70 COVID-19 patients at the moment of admission to hospital, before any treatment was applied and 20 healthy controls. Serum chemerin and omentin concentrations were significantly decreased in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy volunteers (271.0 vs. 373.0 ng/ml; p < 0.001 and 482.1 vs. 814.3 ng/ml; p = 0.01, respectively). There were no correlations of analyzed adipokines with COVID-19 severity based on the presence of pneumonia, dyspnea, or necessity of Intensive Care Unit hospitalization (ICU). Liver test abnormalities did not influence adipokines levels. Elevated GGT activity was associated with ICU admission, presence of pneumonia and elevated concentrations of CRP, ferritin and interleukin 6. Chemerin and omentin depletion in COVID-19 patients suggests that this adipokines deficiency play influential role in disease pathogenesis. However, there was no relationship between lower adipokines level and frequency of COVID-19 symptoms as well as disease severity. The only predictive factor which could predispose to a more severe COVID-19 course, including the presence of pneumonia and ICU hospitalization, was GGT activity.
Using explainable machine learning to identify patients at risk of reattendance at discharge from emergency departments
Authors: Chmiel F. P. , Burns D. K. , Azor M. , Borca F. , Boniface M. J. , Zlatev Z. D. , White N. M. , Daniels T. W. V. , Kiuber M.
Published: November 2021

Short-term reattendances to emergency departments are a key quality of care indicator. Identifying patients at increased risk of early reattendance could help reduce the number of missed critical illnesses and could reduce avoidable utilization of emergency departments by enabling targeted post-discharge intervention. In this manuscript, we present a retrospective, single-centre study where we created and evaluated an extreme gradient boosting decision tree model trained to identify patients at risk of reattendance within 72 h of discharge from an emergency department (University Hospitals Southampton Foundation Trust, UK). Our model was trained using 35,447 attendances by 28,945 patients and evaluated on a hold-out test set featuring 8847 attendances by 7237 patients. The set of attendances from a given patient appeared exclusively in either the training or the test set. Our model was trained using both visit level variables (e.g., vital signs, arrival mode, and chief complaint) and a set of variables available in a patients electronic patient record, such as age and any recorded medical conditions. On the hold-out test set, our highest performing model obtained an AUROC of 0.747 (95% CI 0.722–0.773) and an average precision of 0.233 (95% CI 0.194–0.277). These results demonstrate that machine-learning models can be used to classify patients, with moderate performance, into low and high-risk groups for reattendance. We explained our models predictions using SHAP values, a concept developed from coalitional game theory, capable of explaining predictions at an attendance level. We demonstrated how clustering techniques (the UMAP algorithm) can be used to investigate the different sub-groups of explanations present in our patient cohort.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Eupafolin induces apoptosis and autophagy of breast cancer cells through PI3K/AKT, MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways
Authors: Wei Jiahui , Ding Yu , Liu Xinmiao , Liu Qing , Lu Yiran , He Song , Yuan Bao , Zhang Jiabao
Published: November 2021

Eupafolin is a flavonoid that can be extracted from common sage. Previous studies have reported that Eupafolin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. However, no studies have investigated the role of Eupafolin in breast cancer. Herein, we investigated the effect of Eupafolin on two human breast cancer cell lines, as well as its potential mechanism of action. Next, the data showed that proliferation, migration and invasion ability of breast cancer cells that were treated with Eupafolin was significantly reduced, while the apoptosis rate was significantly increased. In addition, Eupafolin treatment caused breast cancer cell proliferation to be blocked in the S phase. Moreover, Eupafolin significantly induced autophagy in breast cancer cells, with an increase in the expression of LC3B-II. PI3K/AKT, MAPKs and NF-κB pathways were significantly inhibited by Eupafolin treatment. Additionally, 3-MA (a blocker of autophagosome formation) significantly reduced Eupafolin-induced activation of LC3B-II in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, Eupafolin displayed good in vitro anti-angiogenic activity. Additionally, anti-breast cancer activity of Eupafolin was found to be partially mediated by Cav-1. Moreover, Eupafolin treatment significantly weakened carcinogenesis of MCF-7 cells in nude mice. Therefore, this data provides novel directions on the use of Eupafolin for treatment of breast cancer.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effects of waste glass and waste marble on mechanical and durability performance of concrete
Authors: Ahmad Jawad , Aslam Fahid , Martinez-Garcia Rebeca , de-Prado-Gil Jesús , Qaidi Shaker M. A. , Brahmia Ameni
Published: November 2021

Industrial waste has been rapidly increased day by day because of the fast-growing population which results environmental pollutions. It has been recommended that the disposal of industrial waste would be greatly reduced if it could be incorporated in concrete production. In cement concrete technology, there are many possibilities to use waste materials either as cement replacement or aggregate in concrete production. Two major industrials waste are glass and marble waste. The basic objective of this investigation is to examine the characteristics of concrete waste glass (WG) as binding material in proportions 10%, 20% and 30% by weight of cement. Furthermore, to obtain high strength concrete, waste marble in proportion of 40%, 50% and 60% by weight cement as fine aggregate were used as a filler material to fill the voids between concrete ingredients. Fresh properties were evaluated through slump cone test while mechanical performance was evaluated through compressive strength and split tensile strength which were performed after 7 days, 28 days and 56 days curing. Results show that, workability of concrete decreased with incorporation of waste glass and marble waste. Furthermore, mechanical performance improved considerably up 20% and 50% substitution of waste glass and waste marble respectively. Statistical approach of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used optimize both waste materials in concrete. Results indicate better agreement between statistical and experimental results.
Pharmacoinformatics-based investigation of bioactive compounds of Rasam (South Indian recipe) against human cancer
Authors: Kalimuthu Arjun Kumar , Panneerselvam Theivendren , Pavadai Parasuraman , Pandian Sureshbabu Ram Kumar , Sundar Krishnan , Murugesan Sankaranarayanan , Ammunje Damodar Nayak , Kumar Sattanathan , Arunachalam Sankarganesh , Kunjiappan Selvaraj
Published: November 2021

Spice-rich recipes are referred to as “functional foods” because they include a variety of bioactive chemicals that have health-promoting properties, in addition to their nutritional value. Using pharmacoinformatics-based analysis, we explored the relevance of bioactive chemicals found in Rasam (a South Indian cuisine) against oxidative stress-induced human malignancies. The Rasam is composed of twelve main ingredients, each of which contains a variety of bioactive chemicals. Sixty-six bioactive compounds were found from these ingredients, and their structures were downloaded from Pubchem. To find the right target via graph theoretical analysis (mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MAPK6)) and decipher their signaling route, a network was built. Sixty-six bioactive compounds were used for in silico molecular docking study against MAPK6 and compared with known MAPK6 inhibitor drug (PD-173955). The top four compounds were chosen for further study based on their docking scores and binding energies. In silico analysis predicted ADMET and physicochemical properties of the selected compounds and were used to assess their drug-likeness. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation modelling methodology was also used to analyse the effectiveness and safety profile of selected bioactive chemicals based on the docking score, as well as to assess the stability of the MAPK6-ligand complex. Surprisingly, the discovered docking scores against MAPK6 revealed that the selected bioactive chemicals exhibit varying binding ability ranges between − 3.5 and − 10.6 kcal mol−1. MD simulation validated the stability of four chemicals at the MAPK6 binding pockets, including Assafoetidinol A (ASA), Naringin (NAR), Rutin (RUT), and Tomatine (TOM). According to the results obtained, fifty of the sixty-six compounds showed higher binding energy (− 6.1 to − 10.6 kcal mol−1), and four of these compounds may be used as lead compounds to protect cells against oxidative stress-induced human malignancies.
Electrically controlled spin polarized current in Dirac semimetals
Authors: Lv Qianqian , Fu Pei-Hao , Yu Xiang-Long , Liu Jun-Feng , Wu Jiansheng
Published: November 2021

We propose a highly tunable $$100\%$$

100
%

spin-polarized current generated in a spintronic device based on a Dirac semimetal (DSM) under a magnetic field, which can be achieved merely by controlling electrical parameters, i.e. the gate voltage, the chemical potential in the lead and the coupling strength between the leads and the DSM. These parameters are all related to the special properties of a semimetal. The spin polarized current generated by gate voltage is guaranteed by its semimetallic feature, because of which the density of state vanishes near Dirac nodes. The barrier controlled current results from the different distance of Weyl nodes generated by the Zeeman field. And the coupling strength controlled spin polarized current originates from the surface Fermi arcs. This DSM-based spintronic device is expected to be realized in $$\hbox {Cd}_{3}\hbox {As}_{2}$$

Cd
3

As
2

experimentally.
Observation of high nonlinearity in Bi doped BixIn35-xSe65 thin films with annealing
Authors: Priyadarshini P. , Das Subhashree , Alagarasan D. , Ganesan R. , Varadharajaperumal S. , Naik Ramakanta
Published: November 2021

The present work demonstrates the impact of thermal annealing on the structural, linear, and non-linear optical characteristics of thermally evaporated BixIn35-xSe65 (x = 0, 5, 10, 15 at%) thin films. The prominent crystalline phases have been developed for all annealed films at 450 °C whereas the films remain amorphous at 350 °C annealing. The XRD and Raman analysis showed the phase transformation of Bi-doped films and new Bi2Se3 phases developed upon annealing at 450 °C. The phase transformation induced change increased the linear and nonlinear properties with great extent as seen from the UV–visible optical studies. The direct and indirect optical bandgaps decreased with annealing temperature and also with Bi % content due to the formation of surface dangling bonds near the crystallite sites. The static linear refractive index and high-frequency dielectric constants were increased with annealing. The third-order non-linear susceptibility and non-linear refractive index were found to be greatly influenced by annealing temperature and increased with bismuth content. The FESEM micrographs also showed the phase transformation and EDX analysis showed the composition. The results obtained from the materials showed the potentiality to be useful for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications.
An oxidative metabolic pathway of 4-deoxy-L-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronic acid (DEHU) from alginate in an alginate-assimilating bacterium
Authors: Nishiyama Ryuji , Ojima Takao , Ohnishi Yuki , Kumaki Yasuhiro , Aizawa Tomoyasu , Inoue Akira
Published: November 2021

Alginate-assimilating bacteria degrade alginate into an unsaturated monosaccharide, which is converted into 4-deoxy-L-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronic acid (DEHU). DEHU is reduced to 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconate by a DEHU-specific reductase using NAD(P)H. This is followed by pyruvate production via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Previously, we identified FlRed as a DEHU reductase in an alginate-assimilating bacterium, Flavobacterium sp. strain UMI-01. Here, we showed that FlRed can also catalyze the oxidation of DEHU with NAD+, producing 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glucarate (KDGR). FlRed showed a predilection for NADH and NAD+ over NADPH and NADP+, respectively, and the Km value for NADH was approximately 2.6-fold less than that for NAD+. Furthermore, we identified two key enzymes, FlDet and FlDeg, for KDGR catabolism. FlDet was identified as an enzyme of the ribonuclease activity regulator A family, which converts KDGR to α-ketoglutaric semialdehyde (α-KGSA). FlDeg, a type II α-KGSA dehydrogenase, generated α-ketoglutaric acid by oxidizing the aldehyde group of α-KGSA using NAD(P)+. Consequently, unlike the conventional DEHU reduction pathway, DEHU can be directly converted to α-ketoglutaric acid without consuming NAD(P)H. Alginate upregulated the expression of not only FlRed and two enzymes of the DEHU-reduction pathway, but also FlDet and FlDeg. These results revealed dual pathways of DEHU metabolism involving reduction or oxidation by FlRed.
A ruthenium–oligonucleotide bioconjugated photosensitizing aptamer for cancer cell specific photodynamic therapy
Authors: McKenzie Luke K. , Flamme Marie , Felder Patrick S. , Karges Johannes , Bonhomme Frederic , Gandioso Albert , Malosse Christian , Gasser Gilles , Hollenstein Marcel
Published: November 2021

Ruthenium complexes have emerged as a promising class of compounds for use as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy. Direct conjugation to aptamers enhances their therapeutic usefulness by conveying specificity to Ru-mediated PDT.
NaY(MoO4)2-based nanoparticles: synthesis, luminescence and photocatalytic properties
Authors: Núñez Nuria O. , Gómez-González Elisabet , Calderón-Olvera Roxana M. , Becerro Ana I. , Colón Gerardo , Ocaña Manuel
Published: November 2021

Uniform spherical lanthanide-doped NaY(MoO4)2 nanoparticles have been synthesized, which, under UV illumination, exhibit intense multicolor luminescence and a high ability for the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B.
Uranyl phosphonates: crystalline materials and nanosheets for temperature sensing
Authors: Wen Ge-Hua , Chen Xiu-Mei , Xu Kui , Xie Xiaoji , Bao Song-Song , Zheng Li-Min
Published: November 2021

Uranyl phosphonates 1 and 2 were exfoliated into nanosheets of two-layer thickness and further forming 1-ns@PMMA and 2-ns@PMMA composite films. The luminescence of 1, 2 and 2-ns@PMMA is highly temperature sensitive, and can be used as thermometer.
Heterobimetallic complexes stabilized by the P2N2 macrocyclic ligand system: synthesis and reactivity of a rhodium–copper system that activates molecular hydrogen
Authors: Xie Siyuan L. , Sanz Corey A. , Fryzuk Michael D.
Published: November 2021

The synthesis and reactivity of the bimetallic rhodium–copper complex, Rh(COE)[P2N2]Cu, which is stabilized by the P2N2 macrocycle, is reported.
Polymer-templated mesoporous lithium titanate microspheres for high-performance lithium batteries
Authors: Nguyen Minh Tri , Sutton Preston , Palumbo Andrea , Fischer Michael G. , Hua Xiao , Gunkel Ilja , Steiner Ullrich
Published: November 2021

The combination of block copolymer self-assembly and polymer phase separation with sol–gel chemistry enables the optimisation of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) microspheres with size-tuneable carbon-coated mesopores, resulting in excellent electrochemical performance.
In situ formation of core–shell nanoparticles in epoxy resin via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer dispersion polymerization
Authors: Lee Eun Ho , Kim Kyoungho , Yeom Gyeongdong , Seo Bongkuk , Lee Wonjoo , Yu Youngchang , Mohanty Aruna Kumar , Paik Hyun-Jong
Published: November 2021

RAFT dispersion polymerization and preparation of a core–shell particle dispersed epoxy resin.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of C6-difluoromethylenated epoxymorphinan Mu opioid receptor antagonists
Authors: Kassick Andrew J. , Treat Anny , Tomycz Nestor , Feasel Michael G. , Kolber Benedict J. , Averick Saadyah
Published: November 2021

C6-difluoromethylenated epoxymorphinans were found to maintain in vitro potency against fentanyl and displayed effective in vivo blockade of fentanyl-induced anti-nociception in mice relative to the clinical opioid reversal agent naloxone.
A flexible Mn0.5Ti2(PO4)3/C nanofiber film with superior cycling stability for potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Dai Jing , Su Die , Yang Jianping , Zhang Wen , Wang Qianfu , Liu Li , Hu Hai , Li Huifang , Liu Zhiming
Published: November 2021

A flexible Mn0.5Ti2(PO4)3/C nanofiber film is first synthesized via electrospinning and applied to potassium-ion batteries as a self-standing anode, delivering exceptional mechanical flexibility and outstanding potassium-ion storage performance.
Inside the brush: partition by molecular weight in grafting to reactions from melt
Authors: Antonioli Diego , Chiarcos Riccardo , Gianotti Valentina , Terragno Margherita , Laus Michele , Munaò Gianmarco , Milano Giuseppe , De Nicola Antonio , Perego Michele
Published: November 2021

A substantial partition by molecular weight takes place during the grafting to reactions.
Engineered modular heterocyclic-diamidines for sequence-specific recognition of mixed AT/GC base pairs at the DNA minor groove
Authors: Guo Pu , Farahat Abdelbasset A. , Paul Ananya , Boykin David W. , Wilson W. David
Published: November 2021

This report describes a breakthrough in a project to design minor groove binders to recognize any sequence of DNA.
Supercapacitors operated at extremely low environmental temperatures
Authors: Chodankar Nilesh R. , Patil Swati J. , Hwang Seung Kyu , Karekar Smita V. , Jayaramulu Kolleboyina , Zhang Wenli , Dubal Deepak P. , Huh Yun Suk , Han Young-Kyu
Published: November 2021

This review describes recent advances relating to the optimization of electrode and electrolyte materials for use in SC cells that can operate at extremely low temperatures.
Optimization of friction STIR welded AA6061 + SiCp metal matrix composite to increase joint tensile strength and reduce defects
Authors: Dilip Raja N. , Naren Shankar R.
Published: November 2021

Friction stir welding has been used in automobiles, locomotive, and aircraft structures. This metal joining process exhibits defects like kissing bonds, micropores, and tunnels. Factors like the joining material, joint thickness, tool geometry, and operating parameters control the defects in friction stir welding. The parameters like tool rotation, tool pass speed, and tool force have a greater influence on the joint quality. In this study, these parameters are considered to augment the strength of the joint and minimize defects. The metal matrix composite consisting of AA6061 matrix and 10 wt. % SiCp reinforcement is joined used FSW. The weld parameters were varied between 731 and 1068 rpm tool rotation speed, 0.33 and 1.17 mm/s tool pass speed, and 11 and 28 MPa tool force. The joint strength varied from 165 MPa to 244 MPa. The numerical analysis using ANOVA revealed that compared between the three parameters, the tool force had greater control over the tensile strength of the joint. After optimization, the joint was made at a tool rotation speed of 910 rpm, tool pass speed of 0.77 mm/s, and tool force of 22.33 MPa. The tensile strength increased to 249 MPa after using the optimized weld parameters. The number of defects in the joint was reduced after using the optimized weld parameters.
Innovative Angebote für Menschen mit Demenz in Deutschland
Authors: Ziegert Nadja , Hofbauer Lena , Rodriguez Francisca S.
Published: November 2021

Gegenstand und Ziel Das Bedürfnis nach einer Optimierung der Versorgung von Demenzerkrankungen hat in Deutschland zu diversen innovativen neuen Ansätzen geführt, welche beispielsweise mithilfe psychosozialer, kultureller, aber auch digitaler Methoden dazu beitragen wollen, das Wohlbefinden von Menschen mit Demenz zu verbessern. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, innovative Angebote für Menschen mit Demenz vorzustellen, um die Potenziale und die Vielfalt abseits von gegenwärtigen pflegerischen und medizinischen Angeboten in Deutschland aufzuzeigen.

Material und Methoden Mithilfe einer Internetsuche wurde systematisch auf Bundesebene nach Angeboten für Menschen mit Demenz recherchiert.

Ergebnisse Es wurden 50 demenzsensible Angebote identifiziert. Diese teilen sich in 39 direkte Angebote für Menschen mit Demenz und 11 demenzsensible Angebote für Berufsgruppen in der Versorgung auf.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es vielfältige demenzsensible Angebote gibt, die die medizinisch-pflegerische Versorgung ergänzen, aber auch unabhängig davon Demenzerkrankte in unsere Gesellschaft einbinden und sie teilhaben lassen.
Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf neuropsychiatrische Symptome von Menschen mit Demenz und die psychische Gesundheit ihrer pflegenden Angehörigen
Authors: Dominke Clara , Wei Grace , Piguet Olivier , Kumfor Fiona , Diehl-Schmid Janine
Published: November 2021

Ziel Diese Studie hatte zum Ziel, die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie sowie der damit einhergehenden Einschränkungen (Ausgangsbeschränkungen, Social Distancing) auf neuropsychiatrische Symptome von Menschen mit Demenz sowie die psychische Gesundheit ihrer pflegenden Angehörigen in Deutschland zu untersuchen.

Methoden Pflegende Angehörige beantworteten einen Online-Fragebogen zu den Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf neuropsychiatrische Symptome von Menschen mit Demenz sowie auf die eigene psychische Gesundheit.

Ergebnisse 78 pflegende Angehörige nahmen an der Studie teil. Seit Beginn der Pandemie litten Menschen mit Demenz vermehrt unter neuropsychiatrischen Symptomen wie Apathie, Depression, Angst und Agitation. Das Getrenntleben von dem Angehörigen war mit einer Verschlechterung der depressiven Symptomatik des Patienten assoziiert. Ein besseres Verständnis der Situation auf Seiten des Menschen mit Demenz war hingegen mit einem geringeren Risiko verbunden. 51,3 % der befragten Angehörigen berichteten außerdem von einer Verschlechterung der eigenen psychischen Gesundheit. Gesteigerte Zukunftssorgen und das Gefühl von Einsamkeit seit dem Ausbruch der Pandemie standen in Zusammenhang mit dieser Verschlechterung.

Schlussfolgerungen Um eine Zunahme neuropsychiatrischer Symptome von Menschen mit Demenz und der Beeinträchtigung der psychischen Gesundheit von pflegenden Angehörigen entgegenzuwirken, sollten zukünftige Public-Health-Maßnahmen die individuellen Bedürfnisse dieser Gruppen zwingend berücksichtigen. Zusätzliche individuelle Unterstützungsangebote werden z. B. von der Mehrheit der Befragten als hilfreich bewertet und könnten die schädlichen psychologischen Effekte der Pandemie abmildern.
Planetary well-being
Authors:   JYU.Wisdom community, Kortetmäki Teea , Puurtinen Mikael , Salo Miikka , Aro Riikka , Baumeister Stefan , Duflot Rémi , Elo Merja , Halme Panu , Husu Hanna-Mari , Huttunen Suvi , Hyvönen Katriina , Karkulehto Sanna , Kataja-aho Saana , Keskinen Kirsi E. , Kulmunki Inari , Mäkinen Tuuli , Näyhä Annukka , Okkolin Mari-Anne , Perälä Tommi , Purhonen Jenna , Raatikainen Kaisa J. , Raippalinna Liia-Maria , Salonen Kirsi , Savolainen Katri , Kotiaho Janne S.
Published: November 2021

Tensions between the well-being of present humans, future humans, and nonhuman nature manifest in social protests and political and academic debates over the future of Earth. The increasing consumption of natural resources no longer increases, let alone equalises, human well-being, but has led to the current ecological crisis and harms both human and nonhuman well-being. While the crisis has been acknowledged, the existing conceptual frameworks are in some respects ill-equipped to address the crisis in a way that would link the resolving of the crisis with the pivotal aim of promoting equal well-being. The shortcomings of the existing concepts in this respect relate to anthropocentric normative orientation, methodological individualism that disregards process dynamics and precludes integrating the considerations of human and nonhuman well-being, and the lack of multiscalar considerations of well-being. This work derives and proposes the concept of planetary well-being to address the aforementioned conceptual issues, to recognise the moral considerability of both human and nonhuman well-being, and to promote transdisciplinary, cross-cultural discourse for addressing the crisis and for promoting societal and cultural transformation. Conceptually, planetary well-being shifts focus on well-being from individuals to processes, Earth system and ecosystem processes, that underlie all well-being. Planetary well-being is a state where the integrity of Earth system and ecosystem processes remains unimpaired to a degree that species and populations can persist to the future and organisms have the opportunity to achieve well-being. After grounding and introducing planetary well-being, this work shortly discusses how the concept can be operationalised and reflects upon its potential as a bridging concept between different worldviews.
A throughflow-based optimization method for multi-stage axial compressor
Authors: Li Cancan , Luo Jiaqi , Xiao Zuoli
Published: November 2021

A multi-objective optimization tool for multi-stage axial compressors is developed based on an automatically calibrated throughflow method. The Euler-based throughflow equations with blade force terms are solved using a time-marching finite volume method to obtain the meridional flow fields, while the traditional empirical deviation and loss correlation are substituted by several Kriging metal models constructed based on the circumferentially averaged results of three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations. Optimization maximizing both the total pressure ratio and adiabatic efficiency is performed to search for the optimal flowpath and radial distributions of geometrical parameters by using the non-dominated sorted genetic algorithm II method. A low-speed 4.5-stage axial compressor is chosen as the test case to verify the procedures, including throughflow solver validation, design optimization, etc. The throughflow solver has proved to be reliable. The optimization under the design operation condition achieves a great increase in the total pressure ratio and a small increase in adiabatic efficiency. Moreover, improvements in the total pressure ratio and stall margin are also observed for the optimal configuration in this optimization, with a decrease in the cost of adiabatic efficiency under the operation condition near stall.
Production, distribution and flux of dimethyl sulfide in the East China Sea and its contribution to atmospheric sulfate aerosols
Authors: Wu Jin-Wei , Xu Feng , Liu Long , Ren Mei-Hui , Zhang Hong-Hai , Yang Gui-Peng
Published: November 2021

Environmental context Dimethyl sulfide is an important biogenic gas, released from ocean to atmosphere, which contributes to aerosol formation and can therefore affect global climate. Studies on dimethyl sulfide in both seawater and atmosphere have linked the atmospheric chemistry of dimethyl sulfide with its circulation in the marine environment. This study showed that these biogenic emissions contribute to the sulfur cycle and particulate production, deepening our understanding of their role in the East China Sea. Abstract Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is identified as an essential biogenic sulfur compound in the ocean. Its oxidation products are thought to be important contributors to cloud condensation nuclei, thereby influencing the earth’s radiative balance and climate. The concentrations of DMS and its precursor, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) were measured in seawater and sediment pore water in the East China Sea (ECS) during summer. In addition, dissolved DMSP (DMSPd) degradation rates, DMS production and consumption rates, and sea-to-air flux of DMS were determined, and the biogenic contribution to atmospheric non-sea-salt sulfate (nss-SO42−) was evaluated in PM2.5 and PM10 aerosols over the study area. The spatial distributions of DMS and DMSP were closely related to that of chlorophyll-a and decreased from the inshore to the offshore. The concentration of DMSPd in sediment pore water was significantly higher than that in bottom water, which indicated that sediment is a net source of DMSPd for bottom water. The biological incubation experiments showed that ~36.0 % of decomposed DMSPd was degraded into DMS, while 78.7 % of produced DMS was consumed by bacteria within the surface water. The sea-to-air flux of DMS varied from 1.30 to 31.84 μmol m−2 day−1, with an average of 7.45 ± 6.30 μmol m−2 day−1. Biogenic contributions of the ECS to total nss-SO42− were estimated to be 13.0 % ± 9.9 % in PM2.5 and 13.5 % ± 5.1 % in PM10 samples respectively, which indicated that marine DMS release cannot be neglected in the ECS during summer.
Responsible Research and Innovation Training Programs: Implementation and Evaluation of the HEIRRI Project
Authors: Tokalić Ružica , Buljan Ivan , Mejlgaard Niels , Carrió Mar , Lang Alexander , Revuelta Gema , Marušić Ana ,   HEIRRI Consortium
Published: November 2021

Responsible research and innovation, or RRI, is a concept that aims to bring together society and science for a better future. There are six key elements of RRI: public engagement, gender equality, science education, open access, ethics and governance. Higher Education Institutions and Responsible Research and Innovation (HEIRRI) project aimed to bring the concept of RRI into the educational system. Using state-of-the-art review of good practices, HEIRRI team developed 10 training programs on RRI for different higher education institution educational levels, including a summer school and a massive open online course (MOOC). We conducted pilot of the trainings and evaluated participants’ experiences. Satisfaction with HEIRRI training programs on responsible research and innovation was high, both for participants and for the trainers, and trainings raised awareness of RRI. Participants’ feedback was used to identify areas that need improvement and provided for recommendations for final versions of the HEIRRI training programs. In order to equip researchers with skills to recognize and apply RRI values, RRI should be included in their education. HEIRRI training is suitable for a range of different disciplines, including forensic science, and is free to use and adjust for specific contexts (available from: https://rri-tools.eu/heirri-training-programmes). KEY POINTSRRI aims to make research inclusive, responsible, reflexive and to foster integrity of researchersHEIRRI project developed a toolbox of engaging activities for introduction of RRI concepts in higher educationHEIRRI training can be used to introduce RRI at all levels of higher education and members of the publicHEIRRI training is suitable for a range of different disciplines, including forensic science, and is free to use and adapt
Water storage and agricultural resilience to drought: historical evidence of the capacity and institutional limits in the United States
Authors: Smith Steven M , Edwards Eric C
Published: November 2021

Food systems are particularly sensitive to changing precipitation patterns. Resilience via irrigation will depend on baseline conditions, water source, and institutional constraints which have not been studied jointly. We draw on over 100 years of agricultural production and weather data across the United States to identify the extent to which access to stored water—distinguished by its source and location—affects drought resiliency. Arid regions with access to stored water avoided the 13% losses in crop value experienced in irrigated areas with more limited storage during droughts. Humid regions are also beginning to adopt irrigation, but with less aggregate impact during drought. The incomplete governance of groundwater withdrawals in many areas allow resiliency in the near-term, but potentially at the expense of future water availability. Conversely, surface water rights allow for the widespread application of irrigation water, but with less resiliency during significant periods of drought.
Spatial Regression Modelling Impact of Population Movement Intensity and Land Use to Air Temperature in Semarang City, Indonesia
Authors: Widjonarko W. , Maryono M.
Published: November 2021

The built-up area and the number of population mobility are used to indicate urban growth. Many research’s found that number of population mobility which use motorized vehicle has contributed in increasing exhaust emissions in the air, and have an impact on air temperature, and so does the built-up area. The built-up area made the ability of the environment to absorb heat decreased. This phenomenon is also occurred in Semarang. Spatial regression modelling is use to describe the contribution of land use and population movement to Land Surface Temperature (LST) in Semarang City. Based on the spatial regression analysis, a spatial model of the effect of population movement and land use to land surface temperature can be formulated as follows, LST = 25.2 + 0.03X1 + 0.065X2 + 0.000093X3 - 0.001340X4 - 0.000091X5 - 0.000702X6. The increasing of of population movement (X1), industrial area (X2) and residential area (X3) will affect to increase the land surface temperature. Meanwhile, vacant land (X4), vegetated land (X5), and water bodies (X6) contribute to lowering air temperature. It means the air temperature in the city of Semarang become hotter in the future if the government doesn’t provide an enough open space as an instrument to reduce the increasing of air temperature.
The Impact of The Land-Use Changes on The Water Carrying Capacity in Kajen, Indonesia: A Spatial Analysis
Authors: Pugara A. , Pradana B. , Puspasari D. A.
Published: November 2021

Kajen Sub-District is the Capital of the Pekalongan Regency. This area is the center of activity that grows to be the urban area with trading and services as the economic pole. The trading and services activity is escalating inherent with the existence of IAIN and UNDIP campuses. The new campus increasing the need for a dormitory or housing and facilities area. Its result of land conversion in vegetation and agriculture. This spatial and development planning above contain in the Pekalongan Regency spatial document years 2020 – 2040. According to that document, the built-up area is predicted to be 50 % growth by the end of the planning period. The study regarding the influence of the land-use changes on the water carrying capacity in Kajen is conducted with the deductive–quantitative method. The deductive is begin to form theoretical synthesis about the themes and then search the empirical fact to compare. The quantitative approach means the data of the study is can be count rationally. The analysis tools of the study are spatial analysis and correlation. The study aims to examine the influence of the land-use change on the water carrying capacity and the most significant land use which influences it. The result of the study it the most influencing land use in water carrying capacity is a settlement with an 8.7-point level of correlation. The settlement appears from the agricultural land conversion, especially dry land and paddy field.
Quantification of Land Cover Changes in Sub-urban Areas of Pekanbaru City
Authors: Firmansyah F. , Raharja A. B.
Published: November 2021

Morphologically, land cover, urban and rural areas have different characteristics. It is the same as Pekanbaru City area that has unique characteristics including its surrounding regencies. However, the high level of land demand caused by increasing economic activity, high natural and non-natural population growth, makes the morphology of land cover in urban and rural areas unclear. Empirically this beginning to be considered common in urban areas that have a role as a strategic point or center of economic activity, but one of the concerns is the development of unplanned and dominating areas in a space that later create a more fragile environmental conditions in suburban areas. This study aimed to identify changes in land cover and assess the level of conformity of land use in the suburbs of Pekanbaru City. This study used a description method with two stages, (1). Identifying land cover using temporal images, (2). Analyze the level of conformity of land use. The results showed that there are four patterns of land cover change in the suburbs of Pekanbaru City, especially on the road axis connecting the surrounding area. These developments indicate nonconformity of land use which has an impact on the loss of protected land and productive plantation land in the suburbs of Pekanbaru City.
Mapping of Potential Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) for Rural Economic Recovery during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sofianto A. , Risandewi T.
Published: November 2021

For several years the Government of Indonesia has been initiating the growth of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes), economic institutions that manage the village’s economic resources. The Central Java Provincial Government also provides incentives to establish BUMDes in most villages in Central Java. During the COVID-19 pandemic, some rural communities were affected, and the village economy stagnated. BUMDes is one of the village economic institutions that is expected to be able to drive the village economy in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze the potential of BUMDes as a solution to handling the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in rural areas, especially from an economic aspect in Centra Java. This type of research is descriptive with the main qualitative approach assisted by quantitative (mixed method). The research technique used was a survey involving 337 villages. Respondents came from elements of village officials and BUMDes managers. The instrument used was through online media (google form). Data analysis used descriptive statistical techniques in the form of means and percentages. The conclusion of this study shows that BUMDes has the potential to play a role in economic recovery, but this function is not yet optimal. because the business sector managed by BUMDes is not based on the village’s superior potential, as well as the lack of a business development concept, weak human resource and capital capacity, and lack of cooperation.