bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Iris pumila and standard and miniature dwarf bearded irises in the collection of the Education and Research Center “Botanical Garden” of Saratov State University
Authors: Shakina T. N. , Kulikova L. V. , Loskutova E. A.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of the study of phenoritmes and introductional evaluation of dwarf irisand its grade forms. During the phenological observations between 2016 and 2020, the Education and Research Center“Botanical Garden” in Saratov established calendar dates of the main development phases, determined the average datesand duration of flowering in the studied samples. The revision showed that the studied species and varieties are stable inthe culture in the Lower Volga region, as they are winter-resistant, immune to diseases and pests, are distinguished by thedecorative flowering. The varieties of toffee are low for a number of observed years successfully grow, preserving theirvarietal characteristics. Assessment of the introduction success showed that the studied species and varieties of iris werepromising for introduction into the culture and can be recommended for landscaping in the conditions of Saratov.
Ecological assessment using diatom community in Avarga Toson Lake (Mongolia)
Authors: Bukhchuluun Ts.
Published: October 2021

A total of 32 diatom species were recorded in Avarga Toson Lake. Motile diatom species are dominatingin diatom communities. The species composition of two coexisted lakes is markedly different. Diatom richness, speciescomposition, and dominant species indicate that Burd lake is polluted by livestock grazing or domestic pollution, andToson Lake is polluted by human activities with high sediment accumulation at the bottom.
Are babies of vaccinated Pregnant and lactating mothers with ChAdOx1 AstraZeneca covid vaccine more risk for zinc deficiency and SCID disease.
Authors: Ahmed Amr Kamel Khalil , Elkazzaz Mahmoud
Published: October 2021

AstraZeneca's covid-19 vaccine demonstrates some concerns regarding its excipients, such as polysorbate 80, which serves as a stabilizer, and EDTA, which serves as a binding agent.
7

ADA is a critical purine metabolic enzyme required for adequate immunological competence. The current study examines the effect of Zn2+ on the maintenance of ADA. After eliminating Zn2+, the protein's crystallographic structure has retained a high degree of order and similarity to the original one, with some alterations limited to the areas surrounding the pocket. However, the protein's stability has been dramatically reduced.

EDTA is a highly effective zinc-chelating agent employed in the investigations of protein interactions. The potential damage of the structure and interactions of zinc-binding proteins by EDTA treatment must be considered. Excess Zn2+ has not returned C/H1 to its normal structure, highlighting the irreversible denaturation induced by the EDTA.

Around 30% of proteins in cells form complexes with metals. Metal ions are essential not just for regulating biological functions but also for stabilizing proteins. (ADA, EC 3.5.4.4) has a molecular mass of 40 kDa and contains a firmly attached zinc ion essential for its activity. The lack of its enzymatic activity leads to malfunction B and T cells, and SCID development
Evaluation of the Effect of Anatolian Propolis on Covid-19 in Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Bilir Ozlem , guler enes , Kocak Abdullah Osman , Atas Ismail
Published: October 2021

Background: No prophylactic treatment is available for individuals at high risk of developing COVID-19. This study, which was conducted between December 25, 2020 and January 25, 2021, is one of the first clinical studies to evaluate the efficacy of Anatolian propolis supplement against COVID-19. The aim was to obtain evidence on the prophylactic use of Anatolian propolis in individuals at high risk of developing COVID-19.

Methods: This volunteer-based study was conducted in two centers. Study involved 209 healthcare professionals (physicians, nurses, medical secretaries) from Emergency Medicine Department of Medical Faculty of Ataturk University and Emergency Medicine Department of Rize Recep Tayyip Erdogan University. 209 participants meeting the study criteria were divided into two groups as experimental group and control group. The experimental group received 20 drops of BEE'O UP 30% Propolis Drops twice a day during a follow-up period of 1 month. The control group received no supplement but was followed up.

Findings: The participants showing symptoms during the study and all the participants at the end the study were subjected to PCR testing. The evaluation of the results of PCR testing at the end of the study has shown that 14 participants from the control group and only 2 participants from the experimental group, who received Anatolian propolis supplement, were reported as positive cases.

Interpretation: It has been found that a statistically significant protection was induced against COVID-19 infection in 98% of the experimental group, who received Anatolian propolis, compared to the control group.
Insecticidal Activity of Cyperus rotundus L. and Datura stramonium L. Co-Administered with Sesame Oil Against African Bollworm Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Elhaj Waleed Elamin , Osman Abdelgadir Ahmed , Elawad Loai Mohamed Elamin
Published: October 2021

African bollwormis a worldwide-spread species that shows a high degree of polyphagia and it is considered as one of the main agricultural pests in the world. Laboratory experiments were conducted in the Research Laboratory, College of Agricultural Studies, Sudan University of Science and Technology to evaluate the lethal effect of C. rotundusand D. stramonium on the H. armigeraand to investigate the synergistic effect of sesame oil and tested extracts by dipping methods. Five concentrations (4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12%) were used for each plant extract in a Completely Randomized Design. Tubers ethanolic extract of C. rotundus at 12% concentration caused 90% mortality after 72 hrs of application, whereas 12% concentration of seeds ethanolic extract of D. stramonium generate only 70% mortality after 72 hrs of exposure.

When sesame oil was added to each concentration of ethanolic extract of C. rotundus and D. stramonium it exhibited a synergistic effect. In fact, the 10% concentration scored 53.3% and 76.7% mortality, however, when mixed with sesame oil the mortality increased significantly to 83.3% and 100% for D. stramonium and C. rotundus respectively after 72 hrs of exposure.

This study clearly demonstrates that both tested plants have a lethal effect on the larvae of the African bollworm. However, tubers ethanolic extract of C. rotundus seems to be significantly more toxic than the seeds ethanolic extract of D. stramonium. This study also revealed that sesame oil has a synergistic effect when added to these plant extracts.
Efficacy of Ricinus communis L., Cassia occidentalis L. and Bacillus thuringiensis against Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Elhaj Waleed Elamin , Osman Abdelgadir Ahmed , Elawad Loai Mohamed Elamin
Published: October 2021

Helicoverpaarmigera is one of the most destructive pests of field crops worldwide. The Study was designed to investigate through laboratory screening the insecticidal activity of Ricinus communis, Cassia occidentalis and Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki (Btk) and their combinations against 2nd larval instar of H. armigera. Five concentrations (4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12%) of each plant extract and (0.62, 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/ml) of Bt were used in this experiment. Mortality (%) was recorded after 24,48,72 and 96 hrs post treatment. The results showed that R. communis, C. occidentalis and Btkhave insecticidal activity against 2nd instar larvae of H. armigera. The highest concentration (12%) caused 80% and 70% larval mortality after 96 hrs for R. communis and C. occidental respectively.

The statistical analysis revealed that there is a significant differences between all treatments and control. Additionally, all combinations (plant/plant or plant/Bt) increased the mortality %. The results also clearly demonstrate that the R. communis are significantly more toxic than C. occidental where the LC50 values were 6.4 % for R. communis and 8.1% for C. occidental. On the other hand LC50 value for Bt was 0.41 mg/ml.

The binary mixture of R. communis and C. occidental have a potentiation effect after 48 hrs. Regarding the mixture of Bt and plant extracts the results revealed that R. communis and Bt mixture induced a potentiation effect whereas C. occidental and Bt mixture induced a an additive effects.
STUDY ON SPATIAL STRESS EFFECT OF PC CONTINUOUS THIN-WALLED BOX GIRDER BRIDGE
Authors: Zhang Honglei
Published: October 2021

In order to study the influence of spatial stress effect and shear lag effect on the cracking of PC continuous thin-walled box girder bridge, a spatial model was established by using ANSYS finite element software to analyze the internal stress distribution of the bridge. The test results are compared with the analysis results of spatial model and plane link system model through the load test of real bridge. The results show that the longitudinal stress is evenly distributed along the width direction, which means that the spatial stress effect and the shear lag effect have little influence on the downdeflection of the bridge. The shear lag coefficient at the longitudinal axis of midspan bottom plate and the intersection of bottom plate and web are larger than other positions, which is most likely to produce cracks caused by stress concentration, and should be strengthened here in practical engineering. The results of load test show that the results of spatial finite element analysis are more reliable than those of plane link system calculation, and the design and construction based on the results of spatial finite element analysis is safer.
Pressed non-fired bricks from phosphogypsum waste for non-load bearing wall
Authors: Kammoun Zied
Published: October 2021

In several countries of the world, phosphogypsum represents a large quantity of waste that poses serious problems of environmental and groundwater pollution. This study aims at recovering phosphogypsum, in its raw state without treatment, in the manufacture of non-load-bearing non-fired bricks. The study starts with the analysis of the radionuclide activity of the materials constituting the bricks, in particular phosphogypsum, in order to avoid any human health problems after the manufacture and use of the bricks. Then, several compositions are tested with several preservation methods in order to optimize the composition. The physical, chemical and mechanical resistance is determined. The results show the possibility to produce non-load-bearing bricks based on untreated phosphogypsum which comply with the standards requirements, using low energy. Indeed, among the considered mixtures, two compositions (60% of PG and of 75% of PG) perfectly verify the physical and mechanical tests. Also, storage of the mixtures for two days in the laboratory and then three days in an oven at 70°C, allows to obtain the best resistance to compression. Thus, the obtained resistance is much higher than the minimum value required for non-load-bearing bricks.
Rastreia Saúde: A Spatiotemporal Disease Tracking System through Open Unstructured Data and GIS
Authors: Cardim Luiz Henrique Anjos , Kozievitch Nádia Puchalski
Published: October 2021

Automated disease tracking has become an increasingly important tool today. This article describes the prototype of a disease tracking system for the Brazilian territory, preliminarily tested at the state level, in Paraná, and at the municipal level, in Curitiba. This study aims to extract and present relevant information in the health segment from unstructured data, extracted from news portals. The system generates data that allows analysis at different levels of granularity, from small municipalities to the national level. The results of the study shows the viability of the system and allows the authors to identify some patterns in the processed data.
Quantified Static Recovery Trend of Constricted Jogs of Aluminium Alloys During Annealing
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Prantik
Published: October 2021

The static recovery of dislocations in aluminium alloys is known to observe during re-heating and inter-annealing of aluminium alloys, so that the fully recrystallised and partially recrystallised grain structures are deliberated respectively for a judicious control on their final tempering of strength, ductility, toughness and crystallographic texture to eliminate the earing related problems. An elaborate physical based static recovery simulator is required to address the trend of dislocation recovery during the time of industrial annealing to evaluate the extent of discontinuously and continuously developed recrystallised aluminium alloys. New industrial annealing practices to develop an extensively wide range of aluminium alloys with the medium to low stacking fault energy range, suitable for their plenty of use in defence vehicles, inevitably demand quantified dislocation density, the decisive element of flow strength. The formulated static recovery rate of the constricted dislocation jogs increases with the stacking fault energy and increases with the industrial annealing temperature. The formulated static recovery of dislocations is found to be very precise and concentric to address the process and materials characteristics, so that it would be liable to define the minute change in the processing temperature, i.e. 50K.
An Approach to Improve Multi objective Path Planning for Mobile Robot Navigation using the Novel Quadrant Selection Method
Authors: Rajchandar K. , Baskaran R. , Panchu K. Padmanabhan , Rajmohan M.
Published: October 2021

Currently, automated and semi-automated industries need multiple objective path planning algorithms for mobile robot applications. The multi-objective optimisation algorithm takes more computational effort to provide optimal solutions. The proposed grid-based multi-objective global path planning algorithm [Quadrant selection algorithm (QSA)] plans the path by considering the direction of movements from starting position to the target position with minimum computational effort. Primarily, in this algorithm, the direction of movements is classified into quadrants. Based on the selection of the quadrant, the optimal paths are identified. In obstacle avoidance, the generated feasible paths are evaluated by the cumulative path distance travelled, and the cumulative angle turned to attain an optimal path. Finally, to ease the robot’s navigation, the obtained optimal path is further smoothed to avoid sharp turns and reduce the distance. The proposed QSA in total reduces the unnecessary search for paths in other quadrants. The developed algorithm is tested in different environments and compared with the existing algorithms based on the number of cells examined to obtain the optimal path. Unlike other algorithms, the proposed QSA provides an optimal path by dramatically reducing the number of cells examined. The experimental verification of the proposed QSA shows that the solution is practically implementable.
Sentidos y corresponsabilidad del hombre en torno al nacimiento: una experiencia de formación para la paternidad
Authors: Molina Restrepo Nery Cecilia , Cardona Rendón Beatriz Marleny , Arias Henao Martha Nancy , Echeverry Carmona Margarita María
Published: October 2021

El artículo es producto de una investigación que tuvo como objetivo interpretar los sentidos que le otorgan los hombres a las prácticas corporales de autoconocimiento, en los procesos de preconcepción, gestación, parto y crianza. Se empleó la metodología de investigación-acción educativa. Entre los resultados de la investigación, sobresale la importancia de educar para concebir un ser humano, de trascender el rol de proveedor económico, del acompañamiento afectivo durante la gestación, y la sensibilización del hombre para nacer como padre y asumir de forma corresponsable la crianza. Se concluye que en estos procesos es necesaria la corresponsabilidad de la pareja, en donde el hombre debe tener una participación más activa desde las diferentes dimensiones del ser.
Performance Properties of Half-bleached Weft Knitted Fabrics Made of 100% Cotton Ring Yarns with Different Parameters
Authors: Atalie Desalegn , Ashagre Gashaw
Published: October 2021

Knitted fabrics are distinguished by their outstanding comfort for clothing and for their rapid mass production. Though cotton knitted fabrics can provide better comfort, their physical appearance and service life are affected by many factors, and they have a propensity for pilling, abrasion and snagging. The main goal of this research work was to investigate the effect of yarn parameters on the abrasion, pilling and snagging resistance of half-bleached knitted fabrics. Six knitted fabrics were manufactured from 100% cotton carded ring yarn with a linear density of 21, 25, and 30 tex, with two yarn twist levels for each linear density. Except for yarn linear density and twist, the remaining yarn and machine parameters were constant, including fabric manufacturing. The knitted fabrics were treated using a half-bleach treatment before property evaluation. The results showed that knitted fabric made from a finer count of 21 tex with a higher yarn twist of 920 m−1 had the highest mass loss ratio of 2.12–10.76%, and the lowest abrasion resistance of 89–97.88% between 5,000 to 20000 abrasion cycles. The highest abrasion resistance of 96.4–98.9% (mass loss ratio of 1–3.5%) was recorded for a single jersey knitted fabric made from coarser yarn (30 tex) with the lower twist of 826 m−1. The abrasion resistance of knitted fabrics was significantly affected by the thickness of the fabric, while regression analysis proved that fabric thickness and mass loss ratio had very good correlation, with an adjusted R2 value of 93.8%. The snagging resistance of knitted fabrics increased as yarn twist and fineness increased. Pilling propensity increased as yarn linear density increased and twist decreased. Linear regression results revealed that yarn linear density and twist were highly correlated to abrasion resistance (mass loss method) at an adjusted R2 value of 98.6% or 0.986 after 20,000 rubs.
Performance Evaluation of PLA Based Biocomposites Reinforced with Photografted PALF
Authors: Rahman A. N. M. Masudur , Alimuzzaman Shah , Khan Ruhul A.
Published: October 2021

In this study, biocomposites were fabricated through a compression moulding technique that used untreated and grafted pineapple leaf fibre separately with polylactic acid (PLA) as a matrix. For grafting, pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) was chemically modified using two different monomers, i.e. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) solutions, in the presence of methanol (MeOH) and photoinitiator (Darocur-1664) under ultraviolet (UV) radiation with the aim of improving thermo-mechanical characteristics. Based on grafting efficiency and mechanical attributes, the intensity of UV radiation and monomer concentration were maximized. A series of solutions, created by varying the concentrations (10‒60%) of monomers in MeOH along with 2% photoinitiator, were prepared. Experimental results revealed that composites made of PALF grafted with 30% HEMA at the 15th pass and 40% MMA at the 20th pass of UV radiation achieved the optimum mechanical properties compared with an untreated PALF/PLA composite. The optimized solutions were further enhanced by adding various concentrations (0.5‒1.5%) of urea, with the best mechanical features achieved using a 1% concentration of urea. The chemical bonds formed due to photografting were viewed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Degradation behaviour under heat was determined through thermogravimetric analysis, which found that photografted PALF/PLA showed significantly better thermal stability than the untreated composite sample. A water uptake test showed that grafting reduced the water retention capacity of the treated composite significantly. Crystallization characteristics were inspected using a differential scanning calorimeter, which showed that grafted PALF had a substantial effect on the degree of crystallization of PLA. In addition, scanning electron microscopy was used to monitor the interfacial bond, and revealed that interfacial adhesion was enhanced by the incorporation of photografted PALF into the matrix.
Pastorałka dramatyczna Juliusza Słowackiego i jej muzyczna interpretacja we "Fragmentach" Zygmunta Mycielskiego
Authors: Mielcarek-Krzyżanowska Barbara
Published: October 2021

Zygmunt Mycielski’s final work, Fragmenty to words by Juliusz Słowacki (1987) belongs to the collection of religious works which crown the creative path of the author of Postludia. Fragmenty were written on the basis of a rigorous, individual method of composing using twelve notes – an array system devised by him towards the end of the 1950s which from that time consistently accompanied his creative undertakings.The austerity of technique achieved by limiting external effects, particularly apparent in Mycielski’s religious compositions (alongside Fragmenty one should mention here above all Trzy psalmy and the mass Liturgia sacra), results from the desire to reject pathos in favour of gravity and simplicity. This conscious creative decision means that the devices used serve to bring out the meaning and the emotion in Słowacki’s text, and in the created narration one perceives authenticity, truth and modesty. Fragmenty may be interpreted as a special kind of testament, Mycielski’s confession of faith, and the shades of sacrality discovered in it – the stages of musical spirituality according to Bohdan Pociej’s conception, support this supposition.
Towards cost-effective and elastic cloud database deployment via memory disaggregation
Authors: Zhang Yingqiang , Ruan Chaoyi , Li Cheng , Yang Xinjun , Cao Wei , Li Feifei , Wang Bo , Fang Jing , Wang Yuhui , Huo Jingze , Bi Chao
Published: October 2021

It is challenging for cloud-native relational databases to meet the ever-increasing needs of scaling compute and memory resources independently and elastically. The recent emergence of memory disaggregation architecture, relying on high-speed RDMA network, offers opportunities to build cost-effective and elastic cloud-native databases. There exist proposals to let unmodified applications run transparently on disaggregated systems. However, running relational database kernel atop such proposals experiences notable performance degradation and time-consuming failure recovery, offsetting the benefits of disaggregation.

To address these challenges, in this paper, we propose a novel database architecture called LegoBase, which explores the co-design of database kernel and memory disaggregation. It pushes the memory management back to the database layer for bypassing the Linux I/O stack and re-using or designing (remote) memory access optimizations with an understanding of data access patterns. LegoBase further splits the conventional ARIES fault tolerance protocol to independently handle the local and remote memory failures for fast recovery of compute instances. We implemented LegoBase atop MySQL. We compare LegoBase against MySQL running on a standalone machine and the state-of-the-art disaggregation proposal Infiniswap. Our evaluation shows that even with a large fraction of data placed on the remote memory, LegoBase's system performance in terms of throughput (up to 9.41% drop) and P99 latency (up to 11.58% increase) is comparable to the monolithic MySQL setup, and significantly outperforms (1.99x-2.33x, respectively) the deployment of MySQL over Infiniswap. Meanwhile, LegoBase introduces an up to 3.87x and 5.48x speedup of the recovery and warm-up time, respectively, over the monolithic MySQL and MySQL over Infiniswap, when handling failures or planned re-configurations.
Glucocorticoids induce osteonecrosis of the femoral head through the Hippo signaling pathway
Authors: Li Yugang , Xu Zechuan , Chang Shan
Published: October 2021

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) induced by glucocorticoids (GCs) has been considered to be associated with the dysfunction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Studies have reported that GCs can regulate the normal differentiation of BMSCs. However, the exact mechanism of this regulation remains unclear. In this study, we used methylprednisolone (MPS) to induce BMSCs, and then found that the Hippo signaling pathway was upregulated in a dose-dependent manner compared to that in the control group. In addition, the osteogenic ability of BMSCs was decreased, as evaluated by Alizarin Red S staining analysis and alkaline phosphatase activity assays, accompanied by the downregulated expression of Runx2, osteopontin, and osteocalcin. Additionally, the adipogenic capacity of BMSCs under the MPS conditions was increased, as identified by Oil Red O staining with upregulated triglyceride and PPARγ expression. Moreover, suppression by knockdown of MST1 was found to attenuate the Hippo signaling pathway and adipogenic differentiation, while enhancing osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, our findings revealed that the Hippo signaling pathway was involved in GC-ONFH by affecting the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacities of BMSCs. Our study could provide a basis for further investigation of the specific function of the Hippo pathway in ONFH.
The linguistic dimensions of concrete and abstract concepts: lexical category, morphological structure, countability, and etymology
Authors: Strik Lievers Francesca , Bolognesi Marianna , Winter Bodo
Published: October 2021

The distinction between abstract and concrete concepts is fundamental to cognitive linguistics and cognitive science. This distinction is commonly operationalized through concreteness ratings based on the aggregated judgments of many people. What is often overlooked in experimental studies using this operationalization is that ratings are attributed towords, not to concepts directly. In this paper we explore the relationship between the linguistic properties of English words and conceptual abstractness/concreteness. Based on hypotheses stated in the existing linguistic literature we select a set of variables (part of speech, morphological structure, countability, etymology) and verify whether they are statistically associated with concreteness ratings. We show that English nouns are rated as more concrete compared to other parts of speech, but mass nouns are rated as less concrete than count nouns. Furthermore, a more complex morphological structure is associated with abstractness, and as for etymology, French- and Latin-derived words are more abstract than words of other origin. This shows that linguistic properties of words are indeed associated with the degree of concreteness that we attribute to the underlying concepts, and we discuss the implications that these findings have for linguistic theory and for empirical investigations in the cognitive sciences.
Synthesis and mechanical characterization of Si3N4 reinforced copper-tin matrix composites
Authors: Hanumantharayappa Anjan Kumar B. , Prasanna Chaithra , Ragavendra Chethana C. , Beekam Chandrasekhar Singh , Boluvar Latha Shankar , Nagaral Madeva , Rangappa Suresh
Published: October 2021

The present research reports improvement in mechanical performance of Copper-Tin(Cu-Sn) composites due to the addition of hard Si3N4 particles as reinforcement. Two-step stir casting technique was adopted to prepare Si3N4-reinforced Cu-Sn based composites. The uniform distribution of the reinforcement in the matrix was ensured by SEM morphology and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX) spectrum of the developed composites. Brinell hardness test and tension test were used to estimate the hardness and tensile strength of the composite. Si3N4 reinforcing materials added to the extent of 7.5% by wt. to Cu-Sn matrix enhanced hardness by 41% and UTS by 33%, YS by 29% and showed 23% decrement in ductility. Thus a comparison of Si3N4-reinforced Cu-Sn based composites with base metal has shown that considerable improvement in tensile properties such as UTS and YS and hardness if reinforcing material is added to the extent of 7.5%.
Double hydrothermal synthesis of iron oxide/silver oxide nanocomposites with antibacterial activity**
Authors: Rahmah Muntadher I. , Saadoon Noor M. , Mohasen Afrah J. , Kamel Reham I. , Fayad Tabark A. , Ibrahim Noor M.
Published: October 2021

In this work, iron oxide "gamma phase" (γ-Fe2O3)-silver oxide (Ag2O) nanocomposite is prepared by a double hydrothermal method combined with Punicaceae plant extract as reducing agents. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed the presence of γ-Fe2O3 and Ag2O and delafossite silver ferrite (AgFeO2) phases. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (FESEMEDS) results revealed nanoparticles (NPs) with a shape like a cauliflower plant. Furthermore, the anti-bacterial activity results presented high inhibition rates against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The present study exhibits a new approach to the preparation of metal oxides using a facile and inexpensive method.
Crystal structure of 1,1′-(1,4-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(pyridin-1-ium) bis(1,2-dicyanoethene-1,2-dithiolato-κ2
S,S) platinum(II), C26H18N6PtS4
Authors: Yan Wei-Hong , Zeng Xian-Cai
Published: October 2021

C26H18N6PtS4, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P‾{1}$

(no. 2), a = 8.2661(5) Å, b = 9.1519(6) Å, c = 9.4673(6) Å, α = 70.473(1)°, β = 80.770(1)°, γ = 83.340(1)°, V = 664.77(7) Å3, Z = 1, R

gt
(F) = 0.0477, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1168, T = 296(2) K.
Cancer risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soil and sediments of Iran: a systematic review study
Authors: Rezaei Kalantary Roshanak , Jaafarzadeh Neamatollah , Rezvani Ghalhari Mohammad , Hesami Arani Mohsen
Published: October 2021

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic pollutants containing several hydrocarbon rings affecting human health according to the published monitoring data. Most of these compounds can be absorbed by the soil and sediments due to the abundance of production resources of these compounds in the soil around the cities and sediments of the Iranian coast. Cancer risk assessment (CRA) is one of the most effective methods for quantifying the potentially harmful effects of PAHs on human health. In this study, the published papers that monitored PAHs in Iran’s soil and sediments were reviewed. The extraction of different data and their equivalent factors were performed according to BaP equivalent, which is the main factor for calculating CRA of PAHs. The highest concentrations of PAHs were found in the sediments of Assaluyeh industrial zones (14,844 μg/kg), Khormousi region (1874.7 μg/kg), and Shadegan wetland (1749.5 μg/kg), respectively. Dermal exposure to sediments was 96% in adults, and 4% in children, and ingestion exposure to sediment was 99% in adults and 99.2% in children. Children dermal exposure to soil was 53%, and the accidental exposure to soil was 47%. In adults, dermal exposure to soil was 96% and the accidental exposure was 4%. The results of the present study indicated a significant, the carcinogenic risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in sediments of southern regions and soils of central regions of Iran is significant.
Concordance between clinician- and 2016 criteria-based diagnoses of fibromyalgia
Authors: Mengshoel Anne Marit , Brandsar Nina Linnea , Natvig Bård , Fors Egil A.
Published: October 2021

Objectives

The Fibromyalgia Survey Diagnostic Criteria-2016 (FSD-2016 criteria) were recently recommended for both clinical and research purposes. The present study aims to examine whether there is concordance between clinician-based and FSD-2016 criteria-based diagnoses of FM, and secondly, to examine how the illness severity and physical function relate to the criteria-based diagnosis among patients referred to a rheumatism hospital.

Methods

Participants with a clinician-based diagnosis of FM were included consecutively when referred to a patient education programme for patients with FM. Illness severity was assessed with the Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ). Based on the FSQ, the fulfilment of the FSD-2016 criteria was evaluated. Physical function was assessed using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) function scale and self-reported employment status.

Results

The sample included 130 patients (84% women) from 20 to 66 years of age. Eighty-nine per cent met the FSD-2016 criteria, and 44% of the patients were fully or partially employed. Great variability in illness severity was seen irrespective of employment status. There was an association between illness severity and physical function (r=0.4, p<0.001). For 95% of the patients, the FSQ illness severity scores classify as severe or very severe, and even for those not fulfilling the diagnostic criteria the scores were moderate and severe.

Conclusions

There was relatively high agreement between clinician- and criteria-based diagnoses. The illness severity overlapped irrespective of different employment status and fulfilment of FSD-2016 criteria.
Subthalamic–Cortical Network Reorganization during Parkinson's Tremor
Authors: Lauro Peter M. , Lee Shane , Akbar Umer , Asaad Wael F.
Published: October 2021

Tremor, a common and often primary symptom of Parkinson's disease, has been modeled with distinct onset and maintenance dynamics. To identify the neurophysiologic correlates of each state, we acquired intraoperative cortical and subthalamic nucleus recordings from 10 patients (9 male, 1 female) performing a naturalistic visual–motor task. From this task, we isolated short epochs of tremor onset and sustained tremor. Comparing these epochs, we found that the subthalamic nucleus was central to tremor onset, as it drove both motor cortical activity and tremor output. Once tremor became sustained, control of tremor shifted to cortex. At the same time, changes in directed functional connectivity across sensorimotor cortex further distinguished the sustained tremor state.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTremor is a common symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). While tremor pathophysiology is thought to involve both basal ganglia and cerebello–thalamic–cortical circuits, it is unknown how these structures functionally interact to produce tremor. In this article, we analyzed intracranial recordings from the subthalamic nucleus and sensorimotor cortex in patients with PD undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery. Using an intraoperative task, we examined tremor in two separate dynamic contexts: when tremor first emerged, and when tremor was sustained. We believe that these findings reconcile several models of Parkinson's tremor, while describing the short-timescale dynamics of subcortical–cortical interactions during tremor for the first time. These findings may describe a framework for developing proactive and responsive neurostimulation models for specifically treating tremor.
Climate Disaster Risk, Disability, and Resilience
Authors: Calgaro Emma
Published: October 2021

This essay examines the everyday inequalities, stigmas, and injustices that leave people with disabilities highly vulnerable to escalating climate change risks. It argues that including people with disabilities in disaster risk reduction processes is essential to shaping inclusive, effective policies and practices. Examples of several programs that have done so are discussed. Focusing on the strengths of people with disabilities as resilient change-makers and as the experts in their own lives—instead of viewing them as dependent on others—can lead to the changes necessary to recognize their personal sovereignty and deliver disaster justice. Third in a series on disability rights around the world.
Про діяльність мовознавчих установ НАН України в галузі лінгвістичних експертиз
Authors: Ажнюк Богдан Миколайович
Published: October 2021

У доповіді наголошено на важливості й актуальності нового наукового напряму — лінгвістичної експертології, яка виникла на суміжжі мовознавства та юриспруденції, і показано, що цей напрям активно розвивається в мовознавчих установах НАН України. Наведено найвагоміші результати теоретичних та прикладних досліджень, окреслено напрями подальшої роботи. Зазначено, що установи НАН України протягом усього часу свого існування були і залишаються виконавцями різних типів лінгвістичних експертиз і мають великий досвід їх проведення.
Social Functioning in Adults Born Very Preterm: Individual Participant Meta-analysis
Authors: Ni Yanyan , Mendonça Marina , Baumann Nicole , Eves Robert , Kajantie Eero , Hovi Petteri , Tikanmäki Marjaana , Räikkönen Katri , Heinonen Kati , Indredavik Marit S. , Evensen Kari-Anne I. , Johnson Samantha , Marlow Neil , Wolke Dieter
Published: October 2021

CONTEXT

There is a lack of research on individual perceptions of social experiences and social relationships among very preterm (VP) adults compared with term-born peers.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate self-perceived social functioning in adults born VP (<32 weeks’ gestation) and/or with very low birth weight (VLBW) (<1500g) compared with term-born adults (≥37 weeks’ gestation) using an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis.

DATA SOURCES

Two international consortia: Research on European Children and Adults born Preterm and Adults Born Preterm International Collaboration.

STUDY SELECTION

Cohorts with outcomes assessed by using the Adult Self-Report Adaptive Functioning scales (friends, spouse/partner, family, job, and education) in both groups.

DATA EXTRACTION

IPD from 5 eligible cohorts were collected. Raw-sum scores for each scale were standardized as z scores by using mean and SD of controls for each cohort. Pooled effect size was measured by difference (Δ) in means between groups.

RESULTS

One-stage analyses (1285 participants) revealed significantly lower scores for relationships with friends in VP/VLBW adults compared with controls (Δ −0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.61 to −0.13). Differences were similar after adjusting for sex, age, and socioeconomic status (Δ −0.39, 95% CI: −0.63 to −0.15) and after excluding participants with neurosensory impairment (Δ −0.34, 95% CI: −0.61 to −0.07). No significant differences were found in other domains.

LIMITATIONS

Generalizability of research findings to VP survivors born in recent decades.

CONCLUSIONS

VP/VLBW adults scored their relationship with friends lower but perceived their family and partner relationships, as well as work and educational experiences, as comparable to those of controls.
Local taxonomic spectra in plants, animals, fungi and terrestrial protists show common mathematical patterns
Authors: Leontyev D. V. , Yatsiuk I. I. , Markina T. Y. , Kharchenko L. P. , Tverdokhleb Е. V. , Fedyay I. O. , Yatsiuk Y. A.
Published: October 2021

Taxonomic spectra, i.e. relations between supraspecific taxa by the number of included species, remain poorly understood in aspect of the mathematical properties. We studied taxonomic spectra of plants (Magnoliophyta, Bryophyta), animals (Coleoptera, Aves), fungi (Agaricomycetes) and terrestrial protists (Myxomycetes), found in the Homilsha Forests National Nature Park (North-East of Ukraine), and concluded that they correspond to the hollow-curve distribution at the level of genera, families and orders. The spectra of most taxa, as shown by the Akaike information criterion, are closely approximated by the log-series distribution model at all taxonomic levels. This type of distribution is typical for the species abundance curves, based on collections made from small areas. At the same time, in the genera–families–orders row the similarity to the lognormal distribution increases. The central values and variability vary considerably between different taxonomic groups and ranks, however, without affecting the type of distribution. The number of orders in all taxa except Bryophyta has reached the saturation and coincides with the curve of the estimated number of orders according to the Chao1 coefficient. For families and especially genera the correspondence with estimated number of species is much lower. Our results do not confirm the assumption that hollow-curve distributions of taxonomic spectra result from the artificial fragmentation of taxa. These distributions neither depend on the insufficient knowledge about the species composition at the locality, nor reflect the size of the studied area. The presence of such distributions in both local and global biota of different groups may be explained by the common features of their evolution, especially by the existence of relict orphan groups. The fact that in Homilsha Forests the kurtosis and skewness of distributions decreases in the genera–families–orders row can therefore be explained by the relatively low percentage of the high-rank orphan taxa in the local biota. This may be a common feature of communities studied at small geographical scale, since orphan taxa often demonstrate a high level of endemism. Comparative studies of local communities from different climate zones may help to understand how universal are the patterns, described herein.
Can You Show Me a Less Painful Way to Grade?
Authors: Newton Richard
Published: October 2021

In the Bulletin’s advice column, Sage D’Vice addresses questions and concerns from readers while providing insightful and thoughtful advice. This issue, Sage D’Vice responds to a submission addressing a professor’s least favorite part of the job—grading. The response begins with a conversation about understanding what grading is, a look at how different assignments require different kinds of grading, and the reminder that a professor need only grade the assignments they assign. A lighthearted and fun discussion about the part of the job that consumes a significant amount of time (especially at the end of a semester), Sage D’Vice provides practical and thoughtful advice on what it means to grade smarter, not harder.
REVIEW OF ACTIVE CLEARANCE CONTROL SYSTEMS USED IN AIRCRAFT ENGINE BUILDING. DIRECTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
Authors:   JSC “UEC-Aviadvigatel”, Popova Diana , Samoylenko Nikita ,   JSC “UEC-Aviadvigatel”, Popov Denis ,   JSC “UEC-Aviadvigatel”,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: October 2021

World manufactures are focused on consumer features of products in the design of TPD.Special attention is paid to im-proving the efficiency of engines. Tip clearance significantly influences on the efficiency of turbine and the specific fuel con-sumption. Minor tip clearance change in turbine can lead to a significant increase in fuel consumption. That is what the active clearance control system (ACC) exists. The main purpose of ACC is to regulate the thermal inertia of stator (in existing serial systems) and to maintain the desired tip clearance. The aim of this review article is to explore the variety of different ACC used in the serial production of gas turbine en-gines. The classification of ACC are distinguished by design (for HPT and LPT) and by control logic based on the considered data on turbines of serial engines from leading world manufactures (such as Rolls Royce, Pratt & Whiney, CFM, General Elec-tric, Aviadvigatel). As a key factor for the classification of ACC by design, the method of supplying cooling air and the configura-tion of the casing blowing cavity were selected, the classification of ACC by control logic includes two options (two-position and program systems). In addition to the classification the ways of improving the existing serial systems were identified, which con-sist in increasing the speed of regulation. The promising ACC that are fundamentally different from the existing serials one by design and control logic were presented. Mechanical systems are used for ground engines and thermal systems are used for aircraft engines, whose control logic is based on mathematical modeling.
CALCULATING THE RANGE OF AN ELECTRIC AIRCRAFT
Authors:   JSC “UEC-Aviadvigatel”, Shevelev Aleksandr , Budaeva Victoria ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University,   JSC “UEC-Aviadvigatel”
Published: October 2021

A large number of leading aircraft and engine companies are showing increasing interest in developing projects that re-duce the negative impact of aviation on the environment. One of the promising areas is the electrification of aircraft at different levels: from individual engine systems to fully electric power supply of the aircraft. To determine the possibility of using electric technologies, a method for calculating the flight range of an electric aircraft has been developed, it is based on the calculation of the required power for the rotation of the propeller, which creates the necessary thrust for flight during the entire flight cycle. Calculations were carried out on the examples of two aircraft: the fully electric Eviation Alice aircraft and the short-haul passen-ger aircraft IL-114-300. The methodology can be considered reliable, for the Eviation Alice aircraft the flight range and reserve flight time declared by the developer were confirmed. However, at the current stage of technology development, it is impossible to create a fully electric power plant for a short-haul passenger aircraft that will provide the required parameters, like the IL-114-300 aircraft with rechargeable batteries. To create an electric power plant for a passenger aircraft, it is necessary to increase the specific energy consumption by more than 3 times compared to modern indicators.
Prospects of China-Mongolia-Russia trade in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   Northeast Asian Studies, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Social Sciences, Harbin, China, Zhang Xiujie
Published: October 2021

Relevance. China, Mongolia, and Russia are among each other’s major trade partners. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a large impact on global trade, which creates the need to analyze further prospects of the trilateral cooperation between China, Mongolia and Russia. Research objective. This study aims to analyze China-Mongolia-Russia trade cooperation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data and methods. This article applies a comparative analysis method to examine the development and changes in import and export trade between China, Mongolia, and Russia before and after the beginning of the project of the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor, from 2014 to 2020. The research relies on the data from the China Trade and Foreign Economy Statistical Yearbook, Northeast Asia Economic Statistics of Sea of Japan Economic Research Institute, Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China, Russian Customs, and National Bureau of Statistics of Mongolia. Results. Along with the realization of the medium and short-term goal of raising the volume of trade turnover within the Corridor, the three countries seek to play more and more important roles as each other’s trade partners. It is observed that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the volume of trade has not been significant, and thus the fundamental premises of trilateral trade cooperation have remained largely unchanged. Conclusions. To increase the volume of trade between China, Mongolia and Russia, it is necessary to improve the trade structure, reduce tariffs, establish free trade areas and actively promote the diversification of trade cooperation.