bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence-Based Automated Quantitative Coronary Angiography Compared to Intravascular Ultrasound (Preprint)
Authors: Kang Si-Hyuck , Moon In Tae , Kim Sun-Hwa , Chin Jung Yeon , Park Sung Hun , Yoon Chang-Hwan , Youn Tae-Jin , Chae In-Ho
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Accurate quantitative analysis of coronary artery stenotic lesions is essential to make optimal clinical decisions. Recent advances in computer vision and machine learning technology have enabled the automated analysis of coronary angiography.

OBJECTIVE

To validate the performance of artificial intelligence-based quantitative coronary angiography (AI-QCA) in comparison with that of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).

METHODS

This retrospective study included patients who underwent IVUS-guided coronary intervention at a single center in Korea. Proximal and distal reference areas, minimal luminal area (MLA), percent plaque burden, and lesion length (LL) were measured by AI-QCA and human experts using IVUS. Scatter plots, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Bland-Altman were used to analyze the data.

RESULTS

A total of 54 significant lesions were analyzed in 47 patients. The proximal and distal reference areas, and MLA showed an acceptable correlation between the two modalities (correlation coefficients of 0.57, 0.80, and 0.52, respectively). The correlation was weaker for percent area stenosis and LL, although statistically significant (correlation coefficients, 0.29 and 0.33, respectively). AI-QCA tended to measure reference vessel areas smaller and lesion lengths shorter than IVUS did. The biggest cause of bias originated from the geographic mismatch of AI-QCA with IVUS. Discrepancies in the proximal and/or distal lesion margins were observed between the two modalities, which were more frequent at the distal margins.

CONCLUSIONS

AI-QCA showed a good correlation and acceptable accuracy compared with IVUS in analyzing coronary lesions with significant stenosis. We believe that this novel tool could provide confidence to treating physicians and help in making optimal clinical decisions.
Development of a Core Set of Quality Criteria for Virtual Reality Applications Designed for Older Adults: Multistep Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Napetschnig Alina , Brixius Klara , Deiters Wolfgang
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Virtual reality (VR) applications are gaining growing significance, particularly among older adults. These applications can provide valuable support to older adults by offering immersive VR content that positively influences various aspects of their daily lives, including activities of daily living. Furthermore, VR applications can contribute to the enhancement of cognitive and motor skills, ultimately leading to an improved quality of life for older individuals. Nevertheless, to ensure a positive impact, it is crucial to develop VR experiences that are tailored to the needs and preferences of the users.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to develop a core set of quality criteria and guidelines for the development of user-centered VR applications specifically designed for older adults (target group).

METHODS

The multistep qualitative study design comprised several key stages, beginning with a systematic literature search. This was followed by a framework analysis aimed at identifying a core set of criteria. Subsequently, these criteria underwent validation through expert workshops. The outcomes achieved through this iterative process were organized and categorized into criteria, accompanied by explanations detailing the underlying categories or codes.

RESULTS

The quality criteria core set for older adults–friendly VR applications has been developed through an iterative process. It is divided into 2 distinct parts, each containing criteria categorized into specific areas. The first part includes the following categories: (1) quality assurance of medical/health content, (2) data protection provisions, (3) quality requirements, (4) consumer protection, and (5) interoperability. The second part includes the following categories: (1) graphic/quality, (2) 3D character/avatar, (3) providing in-game instructions and prompts, (4) interaction, (5) navigation, and (6) promotion of user motivation and loyalty to use. The results imply a differentiated scope as well as a differentiated granularity of the criteria.

CONCLUSIONS

Considering the ongoing advancement of VR technology and the diverse needs within the older adult demographic, it is essential to assess the quality criteria core set results on an individual basis.
Acoustic Analysis of Speech for Screening for Suicide Risk: Machine Learning Classifiers for Between- and Within-Person Evaluation of Suicidality (Preprint)
Authors: Min Sooyeon , Shin Daun , Rhee Sang Jin , Park C Hyung Keun , Yang Jeong Hun , Song Yoojin , Kim Min Ji , Kim Kyungdo , Cho Won Ik , Kwon Oh Chul , Ahn Yong Min , Lee Hyunju
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Assessing a patient’s suicide risk is challenging for health professionals because it depends on voluntary disclosure by the patient and often has limited resources. The application of novel machine learning approaches to determine suicide risk has clinical utility.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches to assess suicidality based on acoustic voice features of psychiatric patients using artificial intelligence.

METHODS

We collected 348 voice recordings during clinical interviews of 104 patients diagnosed with mood disorders at baseline and 2, 4, 8, and 12 months after recruitment. Suicidality was assessed using the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation and suicidal behavior using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale. The acoustic features of the voice, including temporal, formal, and spectral features, were extracted from the recordings. A between-person classification model that examines the vocal characteristics of individuals cross sectionally to detect individuals at high risk for suicide and a within-person classification model that detects considerable worsening of suicidality based on changes in acoustic features within an individual were developed and compared. Internal validation was performed using 10-fold cross validation of audio data from baseline to 2-month and external validation was performed using data from 2 to 4 months.

RESULTS

A combined set of 12 acoustic features and 3 demographic variables (age, sex, and past suicide attempts) were included in the single-layer artificial neural network for the between-person classification model. Furthermore, 13 acoustic features were included in the extreme gradient boosting machine learning algorithm for the within-person model. The between-person classifier was able to detect high suicidality with 69% accuracy (sensitivity 74%, specificity 62%, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.62), whereas the within-person model was able to predict worsening suicidality over 2 months with 79% accuracy (sensitivity 68%, specificity 84%, area under receiver operating characteristic curve 0.67). The second model showed 62% accuracy in predicting increased suicidality in external sets.

CONCLUSIONS

Within-person analysis using changes in acoustic features within an individual is a promising approach to detect increased suicidality. Automated analysis of voice can be used to support the real-time assessment of suicide risk in primary care or telemedicine.
Mapping Creative Amenities to Develop Tourism Potentials in a Post-Mining Area: A Case Study of Bantar Karet Village, Bogor Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Baihaqki Umar
Published: January 2023

In the past five years, hundreds of villages across Java have practiced tourism, including Bantar Karet, which projects tourism as a new economic structure. It has hosted gold mine activities for years by involving many villagers in non-formal mining activities. However, the ban on illegal mining activities by the government led to a search for new ways for the villagers to earn a living, leading to the operation of tourist attractions. This research discussed the socio-spatial aspect of organizing tourism in Bantar Karet Village using the creative class theory, arguing for its ability to explain the relationship between physical space and rural community development. This argument was tested using empirical data acquired through a mix-methods strategy. These include fieldwork to identify the location of tourism potential within the village, interviews with residents, and focus group discussions with key stakeholder representatives. Tourism potentials were analyzed using four creative measures, namely population, process, product, and environment. The findings subsequently showed several creative tourism traits being developed, as well as an unequal opportunity for the community to participate in tourism activities. Although the benefits to the village are still concentrated in the proximity of tourist attractions, this research confirmed the ability of tourism to enhance rural attractiveness to the creative class, facilitating their entry as tourists, residents, or employees.
Preliminary Study on the Use of Digital Surface Models for Estimating Vegetation Cover Density in Mountainous Area
Authors: Danoedoro Projo , Gupita Diwyacitta Dirda , Afwani Muhammad Zayyanul , Hadi Haeydar Anggara , Mahendra William Krista
Published: January 2023

Digital surface model (DSM) has been widely available for mapping and was also sometimes used for mapping vegetation height. The authors conducted a preliminary study to evaluate the potential use of DSMs derived from ASTER, ALOS, and SRTM for estimating vegetation cover density in mountainous area.  This study used NDVI and SAVI vegetation indices, in addition to forest cover density (FCD) model as references for evaluation.  A DSM-based volume index (Volindex) concept is introduced, which is the product of the canopy height model (CHM) and the pixel area. CHM was derived from the value difference between the DSM and the reference DEM. The Volindex model was then compared with the NDVI, SAVI and FCD.  We found that all DSM-based Volindex models are not accurate enough to represent the vegetation cover density, although the ALOS Palsar-based Volindex could reach 41.53% accuracy and was finally used to predict the vegetation cover density.
Road Transportation Development and Land Use Changes in Semarang City, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Hartatik Endah Sri , Wasino Wasino , Trihatmoko Edy
Published: January 2023

This research aims to make a historical mapping of the development of road infrastructure and the impact on land use changes. A historical analysis was conducted based on the documents and reports of transportation development, road construction, and urban planning in Semarang City, the capital city of Central Java, Indonesia. From a historical perspective, the transportation development and the land use change of Semarang City were determined by economic activities from the early period of colonialism, especially when this city was devoted as a port city in Java with massive coastal inhabitants. Along with this economic activity, ports and roads were built, accelerating the city’s development until the mid of 20th century. Road construction generated urban problems such as rapid urbanization, and environmental problems. Meanwhile, the road construction also accelerated the city agglomeration, connecting Semarang City with other cities on the Java North Coast. However, in the 1990s the symptom of the use of private transportation occurred in Semarang which became the most critical issue in the later periods.
Survey Paper on Future of Electric Vehicle and Its Charging Methods for Environment Protection
Authors: Satpute Sarika , Gurjar Baburao , Joshi Swati , Mahajan Priyanka
Published: January 2023

Abstract: At present we are doing a lot of damage to the environment. Therefore we should produce and consumethings that are environmentally friendly. This is one of the manufactures of electric vehicle. Electric vehicle are a substitute for petroleum vehicles. And the use of this can bring the environment under control to a great extent. Many countries are implementing this technology and contributingto the protection of the environment.
Electroencephalograms (EEG) During Mental Arithmetic Task Performance
Authors: Kumar Amit , Ram Lucky , Sharma Radhika , Pandey Tripti , Saxena Prerna
Published: January 2023

Abstract: The aim of the present study is to collect the electrical activity of the brain using electroencephalogram (EEG) data from subjects performing a cognitive workload task. During the study, the subjects were involved in intensecognitive activity while performing mental calculations (serial subtractions). The background EEG was recorded from each subject. The primary aim for collecting this dataset is to conduct fluctuation analysis of the EEG duringcognitive activity and to compare the result to the data provided by conventional methods, such as Fourier power spectral density mapping and coherence. It can also beutilized for studying the time-scale characteristics of the involvement of different brain areas in cognition processes and nonlinear characteristics of brain dynamics.
Techniques For Increasing Solubility: A Review Of Conventional And New Strategies
Authors: Yadav Keerti , Sachan Anupam Kr. , Kumar Sunil , Dubey Anubhav
Published: January 2023

Whenever a drug's success depends on its ability to disperse evenly in the liquid phase, solubility is a critical factor. Most active pharmacological compounds, on the other hand, are poorly soluble in water. The solubility of the medications is one of the most difficult parts of formulation creation. Due to a lack of water solubility, critical ingredients are left out of final medications, preventing them from reaching their full therapeutic potential. Due to poor water solubility, many novel medicines fail to launch in the market, despite their promising pharmacokinetic properties. Solubility in water limits the potential bioavailability of molecules that would otherwise have a significant impact on their physiological target. To achieve the desired (anticipat5ed) pharmacological response in the systemic circulation, aqueous solubility of a drug also affects the physical, chemical, dose stability, severs as a standard for purity, dissolution rate, rate and extent of absorption, and achieves the desired concentration of the drug in systemic circulation. When it comes to the formulation of medications, solubility is an extremely essential issue. A new API with high market demand must be developed by the formulation scientist if the molecule is to make it through the pharmaceutical development process. Solubilization techniques, such as chemical modification using solubilizers such as soluplus, povacoat, and dendrimers, as well as physical modification, complexation, and the use of surfactant, are being discussed in this review article because they are becoming increasingly important to the pharmaceutical industry by opening up new pathways for the preparation of effective and marketable drugs.
Consumer Perception Towards Online Pharmacy And Offline Pharmacy With Reference To Mumbai City
Authors: Ushir Rahul Baburao , Dolly Diana Dr. P.
Published: January 2023

E-commerce investment in medical and pharmaceuticals is skyrocketing, which is assisting in the growth of either the online and offline supply of options for acquiring drugs to customers. This measure would ultimately assist the Indian drug industry in better meeting the demands of customers. The convenience given by e-medicines is allowing patients to shift from offline to online ordering modalities, particularly with the increased usage of the World Wide Web currently. Although a greater proportion of people, such as the elderly, disabled, and those living in remote areas, have begun to use this advanced practise on a regular basis, there remains a sizable segment of society that is still reliant on the traditional method of obtaining meds from drug stores and relies on it. Certain cases of fraudulent and inadequate information regarding pharmaceuticals and medicines being shown on these sites of "Pharmacies" and apps have been detected, making them unethical. Furthermore, it is clear that Internet prescription cannot replace the real physician's care of the patient, since patients are still at danger of significant medication interactions and adverse effects while using the online treatment approach.

Purpose: Study was done to investigate consumer perceptions about online and offline pharmacies in Mumbai, India, and if there is any danger involved with purchasing drugs from all these sources.

Design/ Methodology: The survey looked at people's attitudes about online and traditional pharmacies. Which of these do individuals in India tend to favour for their frequent pharmaceutical purchases? The investigation is conclusive in nature, and a casual research strategy was employed to assess people's behaviour and preferences regarding online and physical pharmacies. The research also included a qualitative component since the behaviour of buyers/consumers was examined. The descriptive component of the research is there just to analyse and comprehend the consumer's behaviour and the variables that lead to this choice.
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli
Authors: Padole Nitin Nilkanth
Published: January 2023

In Recent year's medication obstruction is a quickly developing issue over the whole world in the treatment of infectious diseases. The widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics produced antibiotic resistance for many human bacterial pathogens. Anyway right now, nanotechnology research has been engaging more in restorative businesses with various advantages because of the way that surface area to volume proportion of Nanoparticles is quite large. In this exploration work, Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) are prepared by using a reducing agent like sodium borohydride and capping agent polyvinylpyrolidine.

The AgNPs were set up by the chemical reduction method. Nanotechnology has its own importance it eventually reduce dose and also have a superior bioavailability than larger particles. The prepared AgNPs were subjected to characterization like particle size, X-Ray diffraction. In addition, the AgNPs drawing much interest in account of their powerful antibacterial movement. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs checked against the bacterial culture of Staphylococcus Aureus and E, coli. The zone of inhibition AgNPs was checked against both microorganisms. The results of this study demonstrate antibacterial activity of AgNPs against the bacterial culture of Staphylococcus Aureus and E, coli.
Determination of Iron Content, Potassium, Calcium, and Sodium In Chinese Date Fruit (Ziziphus Jujuba Miller.) Fresh and Boiled In Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometry
Authors: Nasution Muhammad Amin , M Masfria , Putra Effendy De Lux
Published: January 2023

Chinese dates fruit are generally used by the people of Indonesia as a fruit that has a fairly good nutritional value, namely every 100 g of Chinese dates fruit contain 79 kcal of energy, 1.2 g protein, 20.23 g carbohydrates, 250 mg potassium, 21 mg calcium, 23 mg. phosphorus, 0.5 mg iron, 3 mg sodium, 10 mg magnesium, 0.1 vitamin B6 and 69 mg vitamin C. Chinese dates fruit are foods that are rich in fiber, so they can lower blood cholesterol and cure chronic constipation. In addition, Chinese dates fruit are foods with good sources of potassium. Adequate potassium intake can lower blood pressure so that it can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. High iron content can also prevent anemia. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the content of iron, potassium, calcium, and sodium in fresh and boiled Chinese dates fruit fruit, and to determine the percentage decrease in levels after boiling.

The method used in this study included dry digestion, then quantitative analysis of iron, potassium, calcium, and sodium was carried out using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method, namely iron at a wavelength of 248.3 nm, for potassium 766.5 nm, to calcium 422.7 nm, and sodium 589.0 nm.

The results showed that the iron content in fresh Chinese dates fruit fruit was (0.6687 ± 0.0084) mg/100 g and boiled (0.3285 ± 0.0127) mg/100 g. Potassium levels in fresh Chinese dates fruit fruit (657.9024 ± 0.4713) mg/100 g and boiled (158.6504 ± 0.2510) mg/100 g. Calcium levels in fresh Chinese dates fruit fruit were (47.3501 ± 1.1630) mg/100 g and boiled (26.3968 ± 0.5922) mg/100 g, and sodium levels in fresh Chinese dates fruit fruit (16.1272 ± 0.1543) mg/100 g and boiled at (13.4048 ± 0.1973) mg/100 g. The percentage decrease in mineral content in Chinese dates fruit fruit after boiling, for iron was 50.87%, potassium 75.88%, calcium 44.25%; and 16.88% sodium.

Statistically different test of the average mineral levels of iron, potassium, calcium, and sodium using the T distribution, it can be concluded that fresh Chinese dates fruit fruit contain higher levels of iron, potassium, calcium, and sodium minerals than boiled Chinese dates fruit.
The Evaluation of Anti Microbial Activity of Classical Siddha Medicine Seenthil Choornam
Authors: Sunanna Lalitha , Manoharan A.
Published: January 2023

Seenthil Choornam is a Classical Siddha medicine having its ingredients with herbal andanimal origin. The raw drugs- Seenthil (Tinospora cordifolia .sp), Karisalai (Ecilpta Albasp), and Poonagam(Eudriluseugeniae.sp) were purified and combined as per theliterature. Aim: - The aim of the study is to evaluate the anti-microbial activity of Seenthil Choornam.

Materials and methods: - Raw drugs were collectedfrom Keralaand Tamilnadu .The identification and authentication of plant

drugs were obtained fromGovt.Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai. The authentication of Poonagam (Eudrilus eugeniaesp.) was obtained from Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development-Inter University Centre – Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam...Anti-bacterial and Anti-fungal activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of drug is studied for its activity against four Gram positive, three Gram negative bacteria and five fungi in concentrations of 25ul, 50ul, 75ul and 100ul , using Disc diffusion method. The standard drug for comparison of anti-bacterial activity is Streptomycin and for Anti-fungal activityis Fluconazole. Result:- The aqueous extract of drug in concentrations of 75ul & 100ul has  zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilis (G+ve)- (19mm, 21mm) ,Enterococcusfeacalis-(G+ve)in conc.75ul&100ul - (11mm, 13mm), Klebsiella pneumonia (G-ve) in conc.75ul &100ul- (11mm ,13mm) , Staphylococcus aureus (G+ve)in conc. 75ul &100ul-(10mm,11mm) and towards fungus -Aspergillus flavusin conc. 75ul &100ul ( 12mm, 13mm ) .From the above study it is evident that the classical medicineSeenthil Choornamis effective against human pathogens.
A Short Review on Role of Some Natural Herbs in the Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: Khatoon Tania , Naskar Angana , Pal Aditi , Datta Kunal , Kumar Devinder , Kaur Gurpreet , Karmakar Paramita , Pal Ujjal
Published: January 2023

The medical term for elevated blood pressure is hypertension (HTN). It's harmful since it strains the heart and increases the risk of heart disease and stroke as well as atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). Congestive heart failure, renal damage, and blindness are all possible outcomes of HTN. Many adverse effects are commonly associated with traditional antihypertensives. For the most part, people in underdeveloped nations prefer herbal medicines for primary health care since they are more tolerable by the human body and have less adverse effects. A great deal of effort has been made over the last three decades to discover native plants that have hypotensive and antihypertensive medicinal properties. It has been established that some of these medicinal herbs have hypotensive and antihypertensive properties, whereas others have been discredited. In order to evaluate the efficacy and clarify the safety profile of such herbal treatments for their antihypertensive potential, additional scientific study must be conducted to combine ayurveda expertise with modern medicine.
Medicinal Plant Used Against Cancer: A Review
Authors: Srivastava Rajat , Tiwari Priya
Published: January 2023

Nowadays natural products are considered protective markers compared to synthetic products that are considered unsafe for human health and the environment. Although a large number of synthetic drugs have been added to the world of current pharmacopoeia, there is still no drug system in the world that has been able to solve all health problems, including diseases such as Cancer. The extracts from plants have played an important role in the development of clinically effective anti-cancer agents. The plant kingdom produces naturally occurring secondary metabolites that are being investigated for their anti-cancer activities leading to the development of new clinical drugs. Global results continue to identify new anticancer compounds from plants. In recent years out of fear of adverse effects, people have chosen to make greater use of natural cancer products. This review attempted to summarize a few plants in India and outside India that have anti-cancer activity.
Mother's Self-Efficacy in Caring for Children with Cancer
Authors: Hasnani Fenti
Published: January 2023

Cancer is the main cause of death in children in Indonesia. Childhood cancer is cancer that attacks children under 18 years old, including children who are still in the womb. Mothers play a major role in the process of child development. This study aims to identify the mother's self-efficacy in the care of children with cancer. This study uses a quantitative descriptive design. Maternal self-efficacy data was collected using a mother's self-efficacy questionnaire in carrying out treatment for cancer children modified from Bandura's Theory. The questionnaire used a Likert scale and data collection was carried out from February to July 2022 with 118 respondents who were mothers of children with cancer. The results show that mothers who have high self-efficacy will have high ability or confidence in caring for children with cancer, so they can accompany children in the process of child care, treatment, and healing. The mother's role is very important in determining the success rate of the treatment process and the survival of children with cancer.
Molecular Docking Study of Novel Nitrofuran Derivatives As Urinary Tract Anti Infectives
Authors: Kolageri Shivanand , Kamble Siddaling , S Viswanath , G Meganathan , Alom Khursid , S Rajasekaran
Published: January 2023

Modern drug design commonly uses molecular docking to understand drug-receptor interaction. For docking tests against 1YLU, an E. coli nitro-reductase, substituted furan derivatives were used in the current work. The study's primary goal is to dock the chosen nitrofuran derivatives onto the protein and compare the results to those of nitrofurantoin as a standard drug. PyRx and the discovery studio visualizer (DSV) application were used to carry out the molecular docking analysis, and E. coli nitro-reductase (1YLU) was retrieved from the protein data bank (PDB) website. All seven of the nitrofuran compounds docking scores were discovered to range between -5.9 and -8.8 Kcal/mol. Compound 2a received the highest binding score, with a score of -8.80 Kcal/mol.At the protein active site, compound 2a interacts with amino acids such as glutamic acid (GLU 165), arginine (ARG 10 & 207), serine (SER 39 & 12), glutamine (GLN 142), and lysine (LYS205).Numerous nitrofuran substituted compounds have been identified for the activity and the nitrofuran derivatives have been discovered to exhibit urinary tract anti-infective activities.
Estimation of Caffeine in Different Marketed Samples of Tea
Authors: Gogate Shweta , Mathur Rahul , Mathur Adarsh , Hukre Adarsh , Rehman Abdur , Hussain Afzal , Rathi Jagdish
Published: January 2023

The objective of this study was estimate of Caffeine in Different Marketed Samples of Tea Although there were no significant differences between the orders of caffeine content among the tested tea brands, the method with chloroform isolation exhibited significantly lower results and the highest results obtained by the micromethod using H2SO4 at 273 nm UV wavelength with regard to other methods applied for the determination of caffeine. The non-laborious chemical method of determination of caffeine in tea samples using Lead oxide and Chloroform has shown us the caffeine levels in various samples. It is also true that caffeine in tea can have positive and negative effects on the organism consuming it.
Areview On Rheumatoid Arthiritis
Authors: Sumathi Lalitha , Pichaivel Manimekalai , . Sabarinath , Kandasamy Thilagasundari
Published: January 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis is a persistent, painful inflammatory condition characterized by serious destruction of the bone marrow and cartilage in the joints. It can also affect the body as a whole, including the tissues, leading to disorders of the heart, lungs, nervous system, and eyes. It is an extremely painful inflammatory condition that significantly limits movement due to pain and joint deterioration. Systemic disease rheumatoid arthritis usually affects tissues that constrict. Age, race, inheritance, aberrant immunological functioning, and stress are risk factors. Early rheumatoid arthritis appears to have a unique cytokine profile for the production of interleukin-4, 13, and 15,52, which later show in chronic rheumatoid arthritis. The main objectives of rheumatoid arthritis treatment are to minimize pain and stop or slow the disease's progression. Therefore, early disease detection and correct diagnosis and treatment are crucial. Low-dose GCs combined with Awards are a safe and effective therapy choice for radiographic progression, symptom reduction, and high rates of clinical remission.
Necessity, Importance, Future Aspects and Challenges of Pharmacovigilance
Authors: Sameena Shaikh , Shafi Sameer , P.B Dhumal
Published: January 2023

Pharmacovigilance (PV) is kind of a sunshade to clarify the processes for observance and evaluating Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) and it’s a key part of effective drug regulation systems, clinical follow and public health programs. Spontaneous news of ADRs could be an important part of PV & it becomes a major disadvantage in developing countries. Knowledge of PV might sort the thought for interventions aimed toward up news rates and decreasing ADRs. PV could be an important and integral part of clinical analysis & it jointly plays employment among the help system through observance and interaction of medication and there effects among the body. Nowadays in state, PV provides awareness relating to ADRs and this review provides knowledge relating to implementation for determination of current problems. India’s rising stage; there is heaps to be done and told, the sphere of PV, in ensuring that the safe implementation of the activities and work done is achieved. Their increasing kind of hospitalization of patients as a results of ADRs and it becomes a challenge to hunt out the precise cause, once a patient is treated with multiple medication at a similar time. PV helps in safe and convenient use of pharmaceutical medication. The foremost objective of PV is that the assessment of benefit-risk profile of drug for higher potency and safety in patients. This review explains the need of Pharmacovigilance in companies, its growth in various centuries and current standing among the country.
Nanoemulsion as Novel Drug Delivery System: Development, Characterization and Application
Authors: Dhumal Nikhil , Yadav Vishal , Borkar Smita
Published: January 2023

A dispersed nano-system with droplet sizes as small as submicrons is called a nanoemulsion. Nanoemulsions are thermodynamically stable, transparent, isotropic liquid mixtures of oil, water, surfactant, and co-surfactant. Nanoemulsion typically has droplet sizes between 20 and 200 nanometer. The size and composition of the scattered particles in a continuous phase are the primary distinctions between an emulsion and a nanoemulsion. This approach is intended to alleviate some of the issues that low bioavailability and noncompliance, two issues with traditional drug delivery systems, bring up.Today, nano emulsion can be created for a number of administration routes. A nano emulsion formulation can be considered an effective, secure, and patient-compliant pharmaceutical delivery method. Nowadays, nano emulsions have attracted a lot of interest in pharmacotherapy, dosage form design, and research. A surfactant and a cosurfactant can preserves the stability components of nanoemulsion. Brief details on the types, preparation process, stability, assessment, and applications of nanoemulsion are provided in this review.
A Comparison of the Drug Approval Process in the United States and Canada
Authors: Botros Sylvia , Botros Mina , Botros Nancy
Published: January 2023

The drug approval process is comparative between the United States and Canada. Without the drug approval process, consumers would be experiencing severe health consequences, therefore, the approval process is expensive, time-consuming, and lengthy for pharmaceutical companies to ensure the compound is safe and effective for its intended use. 

The electronic databases utilized to recognize applicable published articles from Embase/Ovid and PubMed. The keywords utilized to recognize the pertinent articles were the following: Drug Approval, Drug Development, Food and Drug Administration, United States, Canada, and Pharmaceuticals. The research articles excluded were: non-drug, including vaccines approval process, international regulatory organizations, articles that weren’t relevant to the study, and articles that are not in English language. There was no limit on the date the articles were published.

There are more similarities than differences in the drug approval process between Canada and the United States. Both countries contain a regulatory organization (Health Canada; FDA) that review and approve novel drugs to ensure safety and efficacy prior to marketing. Pharmaceutical companies must submit an IND application prior to the inception of clinical trials in humans. Drug approval by FDA is similar to Health Canada, where they develop guidance recommendations to assist pharma companies in complying with regulations.

The majority of the published articles focus on the comparison of the drug approval process between the United States and other countries, little-to-no articles discussed the advantages/disadvantages of the drug approval process and how the length of the approval process effects patient population.
Regulations on Herbal Products in India, United States and European Union: A Review
Authors: Sapoliya Nirav Kumar , Mamta B Shah
Published: January 2023

Herbal products are now being mainstay of about 80% of the world population for primary health care. The belief that herbs are safe is not completely true, as many cases of untoward effects are observed following their imprudent use. Therefore, we need to have regulative measures on herbal products that would keep check on each step of entire process of drug development. Ensuring efficacy and safety of these products is going to increase the global acceptance and would be serving a greater number of populations worldwide in an inculpable manner. Working in this direction almost every country has developed their plan of work for regulation of herbal products that are referred as traditional medicines, alternative medicines, complimentary medicines, natural health product, health supplements etc. Electronic review method was used to compile information for this review on the regulation of herbal product around the world in this study. The data were collected from different databases such as Google scholar, ResearchGate, PubMed, pharma tutor, and etc.
The Legal and Institutional Framework of Market Surveillance and the Fight against Spurious, Falsely Labelled, Falsified or Counterfeit Product in West Africa: The Case of Togo
Authors: VIDJRO Sandra Wotsa , GUIET MATI Fatima , AMARI Serge-Antoine , PABST Jean-Yves
Published: January 2023

The worsening of the phenomenon of the circulation of spurious, falsely-labelled, falsified or counterfeit product (SFFC) in the world has prompted several African countries to take part in a number of international initiatives and to develop national strategies. Although often unknown to the general public, in Togo, there are institutions and bodies in charge of regulation, and a legal framework for the control and monitoring of the drug market. The law n°2009-007 of May 15, 2009 on the public health code and the law n°2015-10 of November 24, 2015 on the penal code are the main legal instruments that allow, in addition to the international conventions to which Togo is a party, to define the legal framework, the qualification of the offences and the sanctions applicable in the context of such offences. While the definitions and sanctions imposed may be diverse, the penal code remains the most specific text incriminating offenses in the context of PMQIF.
Pharmaceutical Regulation in Niger in 2021: Significant advances with the Harmonization Process
Authors: GUIET MATI Fatima , Ousmane Abdoulaye , AMONKOU - N'GUESSAN Anne Cinthia , TRAPSIDA Jean-Marie , SONDE Issaka , ELH MAMANE Maty , AMARI Serge Antoine , PABST Jean-Yves
Published: January 2023

The pharmaceutical sector is governed in Niger by a number of scattered texts. After the independence, it was only in 1988 that the National Council of the Order of Medical doctors, Pharmacists and Dentists (CNO/MPCD) got created, then in 1995, the adoption of the national pharmaceutical policy (NPP). The NPP laid the foundations for the development of specific pharmacy and drug legislation and led to the adoption of the law and its subsequent implementing texts. This article aims to make an inventory, an analysis of texts relating to pharmacy and medicine in Niger, areas for improvement with regards to the application of these texts and the contributions of community texts in strengthening national regulations and the preservation of public health.
Praktik Distribusi Zakat Padi Berdasarkan Korelasi Surah al-Taubah Ayat 60 di Kecamatan Indrapuri Kabupaten Aceh Besar
Authors: Zainuddin Zainuddin , Akmal Raihanul
Published: January 2023

In the Qur'an, surah al-Taubah, verse 60, Allah explains the groups entitled to receive zakat. However, the distribution of zakat in several areas is carried out without referring to the word of God. as happened in Gampong Mon Alue and Jruek Balee, Indrapuri District, and Aceh Besar District. Based on this, the researcher examines the process of distributing zakat in the two regions and its conformity with the word of Allah in Surah al-Taubah verse 60. This research is field research using a qualitative descriptive method. The sources of data used are the results of interviews and observations. The research results obtained were the distribution of rice zakat in several gampongs in Indrapuri District, which were distributed to only three senifs, namely the poor, the poor, and the amil. However, in fact, in the distribution process, there was still a mistake, in which the artistic rights for fardhu kifayah savings were cut, such as the purchase of shrouds and payment for burial plots. In addition, there is also a distribution of zakat to all residents of the gampong regardless of social status, so that the rich also receive part of the rice zakat that is distributed; this is done to avoid conflicts and the emergence of social jealousy among members of the community.Abstrak: Dalam al-Qur’an surah al-Taubah ayat 60, Allah telah menjelaskan golongan yang berhak menerima zakat. Akan tetapi, pendistribusian zakat di beberapa wilayah dilakukan dengan tidak mengacu pada firman Allah tersebut. Sebagaimana yang terjadi di Gampong Mon Alue dan Jruek Balee Kecamatan Indrapuri, Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka peneliti mengkaji bagaimana proses pendistribusian zakat di kedua wilayah tersebut serta kesesuaiannya dengan firman Allah dalam surah al-Taubah ayat 60. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah hasil wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah pendistribusian zakat padi di beberapa gampong yang terdapat di Kecamatan Indrapuri didistribusikan kepada tiga senif saja yaitu fakir, miskin, dan amil. Akan tetapi, pada kenyataannya dalam proses distribusi tersebut masih terdapat kekeliruan, dimana dilakukan pemotongan hak senif untuk tabungan fardhu kifayah, seperti pembelian kain kafan dan pembayaran tanah kuburan. Selain itu, juga terdapat pembagian zakat ke semua penduduk gampong tanpa melihat status sosial, sehingga orang kaya juga menerima bagian dari zakat padi yang didistribusikan, hal ini dilakukan agar terhindar dari konflik dan munculnya kecemburuan sosial sesama masyarakat.
Educación infantil con perspectiva de género: del pensamiento a la acción
Authors: Castro Zubizarreta Ana , Meng González del Río María Olga
Published: January 2023

Este trabajo presenta una propuesta de un modelo pedagógico con perspectiva de género para el primer ciclo de Educación Infantil, poniendo el foco de atención en la sensibilización del profesorado (tanto en ejercicio como en formación) respecto a las desigualdades por razón de sexo que se reproducen desde edades tempranas en la sociedad y se ponen de relieve en la vida cotidiana escolar. Frente al espejismo de la igualdad instalado en cierta parte de la sociedad, la escuela infantil se presenta como un contexto privilegiado para identificar y evidenciar la persistencia de desigualdades de género, sus causas o el surgimiento de nuevas desigualdades. Se ofrece, a su vez, un instrumento que propicia la reflexión tanto individual como compartida del equipo docente sobre su situación de partida, su posible mejora y la generación de propuestas de cambio de forma progresiva. Por último, el trabajo incluye una propuesta de evaluación a través de plantillas de formularios susceptibles de ser cumplimentados in situ.
Proposed Thalmann Algorithm Air Diving Decompression Table for the Swedish Armed Forces Based on Logistic Probabilistic Modeling of No-Stop Air Diving Data
Authors:   Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona Sweden, Silvanius Mårten ,   Swedish Armed Forces Diving and Naval Medicine Centre, Karlskrona Sweden, Rullgård Hans ,   Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona Sweden, Ekström Magnus ,   3.	Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Institution for Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, Frånberg Oskar ,   Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona Sweden,   Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Institution for Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Published: January 2023

The Swedish Armed Forces (SwAF) air dive tables are under revision. Currently, the air dive table from US Navy (USN) Diving manual (DM) Rev.6 is used with a msw to fsw conversion. Since 2017, USN has been diving according to USN DM rev. 7, which incorporates updated air dive tables derived from the exponential linear decompression algorithm (EL-DCM) Thalmann with VVAL79 parameters. The SwAF decided to replicate and analyze the USN table development methodology before revising their current tables. The ambition was to potentially find a table that correlates with the desired risk of decompression sickness.  New compartmental parameters for the EL-DCM algorithm, called SWEN21B, were developed by applying maximum likelihood methods on 2953 scientifically controlled direct ascent air dives with known outcomes of decompression sickness (DCS). The targeted probability of DCS for direct ascent air dives was ≤1% overall and ≤1‰ for neurological DCS (CNS-DCS). 154 wet validation dives were performed with air between 18-57 msw. Both direct ascent and decompression stop dives were conducted, resulting in two joint pain DCS (18msw/59min), one leg numbness CNS-DCS (51msw/10min with deco-stop), and nine marginal DCS, such as rashes and itching. A total of three DCS, including one CNS-DCS, yield a predicted risk level (95% confidence interval) of 0.4-5.6% for DCS and 0.0-3.6% for CNS-DCS. Two out of three divers with DCS had patent foramen ovale, PFO. The SWEN21 table is recommended for the SwAF for air diving as it, after results from validation dives, suggests being within the desired risk levels for DCS and CNS-DCS.
Feeding Maggot Meal (Hermetia Illucens) with Different Feeding Rate on the Growth and Survival of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Suganda Adji , Tobigo Desiana Trisnawati , Mangitung Septina F. , Madinawati
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemberian pakan berbahan baku tepung maggot (Hermetia illucens) dengan feeding rate berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Organisme uji yang digunakan adalah benih ikan nila (O. nilaticus) dengan bobot 1,53 - 2,03 g sebanyak 200 ekor. Benih ikan nila diperoleh dari Pembudidaya di Desa Potoya, Kecamatan Dolo, Kabupaten Sigi, Sulawesi Tengah. Penelitian ini didesain menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan sehingga terdapat 20 unit percobaan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini yakni pemberian pakan dengan feeding rate berbeda yaitu: A (4% dari biomassa ikan); B (5% dari biomassa ikan); C (6% dari biomassa ikan); dan D (7% dari biomassa ikan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan berbahan baku tepung maggot dengan feeding rate berbeda berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan bobot mutlak ikan nila. Pertumbuhan bobot dan kelangsungan hidup ikan nila tertinggi (p<0,05) diperoleh pada perlakuan feeding rate 7%.
Strategi Penyaluran Dana Zakat Produktif Melalui Program Pemberdayaan Ekonomi
Authors: Sholikhah Siti Khiyarotus , Efendi Mansur
Published: January 2023

Poverty is a serious problem, not only in big cities but also in all corners of the country. LAZIS Central Java Solo Branch is here to help the community distribute their zakat to mustaḥiq and also help small entrepreneurs to develop their businesses from the zakat funds that have been collected. This study aims to explain the strategy for channeling productive zakat funds through an economic empowerment program and to mention the supporting and inhibiting factors in distributing productive zakat funds at LAZIS Central Java, Solo Branch. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with a type of fieldresearch. The data sources used are primary and secondary data sources. Primary data sources were obtained from observations and interviews conducted with Central Java LAZIS management and  mustaḥiq, and secondary data sources were obtained from important supporting documents. The results of this study indicate that the strategy applied in channeling productive zakat funds for the LAZIS Central Java Economic Empowerment Program, Solo Branch, uses the stages of survey, submission of files, verification, rolling out and mentoring. Factors supporting the distribution of productive zakat funds consist of four factors, namely the existence of a clear program design, the availability of zakat funds, the presence of volunteers who participate and the level of participation of beneficiaries. While the inhibiting factors consist of two factors, namely the lack of quality human resources and the lack of maximum performance in the process of monitoring or program monitoring.