bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los conflictos híbridos y el poder de los algoritmos
Authors: Cano M. Jeimy J.
Published: December 2021

La nueva realidad de una sociedad digital y tecnológicamente modificada revela una dinámica social extendida y aumentada, capaz de cambiar y movilizar comunidades enteras para lograr cambios en las naciones. Esta realidad ahora es utilizada como pivote fundamental para crear conflictos asimétricos, diseñados para debilitar y comprometer los imaginarios y referentes de las personas, con el fin de ubicar allí agendas específicas para debilitar y desestabilizar el orden institucional. En este sentido, los algoritmos se convierten en armas de operación estratégicas e invisibles, las cuales son capaces de acelerar los procesos de transformación de tendencias y comportamientos de las personas, para cambiar la realidad de comunidades y naciones. En consecuencia, este artículo presenta una revisión básica de los conflictos híbridos y cómo los algoritmos apalancan sus acciones y objetivos, así como el detalle de los retos de ciberseguridad y ciberdefensa derivados de este nuevo escenario de confrontación.
Evaluasi Kualitas Spermatozoa Ayam Brahma, Cochin dan Bangkok Sebagai Dasar Penerapan Teknologi Inseminasi Buatan pada Ayam Kampung
Authors: Asnawi Asnawi , Indarsih Budi , Haryani Dewi , Jaya Sukartha , Nachida Maya , Dradjat Adji Santoso
Published: December 2021

Research on the evaluation of the spermatozoa quality of Brahma, Cochin and Bangkok chickens as the basis for the application of artificial insemination technology in native chickens has been carried out. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spermatozoa quality of Brahma, Cochin and Bangkok rooster as the basis for determining the spermatozoa dose for artificial insemination in local chickens. method research was used a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments, that is: Brahma, Cochin and Bangkok rooster. Each treatment was repeated five times. Cement storage is carried out by inserting an artificial vagina into the cloaca of the rooster and stimulating it to climb the hen. The collected sperm were analyzed at the Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Science, Mataram University. The variables observed included motility, viability and morphology of spermatozoa. The results of studied that the spermatozoa motility of Brahma, Chicin and Bangkok rooster were 72 ± 2.74%. 74 ± 2.24% and 73 ± 2.74% (P> 0.05) respectively; The spermatozoan viability of Brahma rooster and Bangkok rooster was 99.2 ± 1.30%, 99.4 ± 0.55% and 99.2 ± 1.10% (P>0.05)respectively. The spermatozoan morphology of brahma rooster, chicin rooster and Bangkok rooster was 94.6 ± 2.30%, 94.4 ± 2.70% and 97.4 ± 2.07% (P> 0.05), respectively. Cochin rooster and Bangkok rooster respectively, 62.6 ± 7.92 x 107, 57 ± 5.83 x107 , and 65.2 ± 12.28 x107, respectively. The results of the study concluded that Brahma, Cochin and Bangkok rooster had good sperm quality and could be able to used in artificial insemination of Kampung hens.
Perbaikan Sudut Daun Populasi Komposit Tanaman Jagung Melalui Hibridisasi Dengan Varietas Hibrida
Authors: Sudika I Wayan , Anugrahwati Dwi Ratna
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the average leaf angle, harvest age and yield of F1 from cross-hybrid composite; heterosis value and knowing the maternal effect of these three traits on maize. The experiment was carried out in technically irrigated rice fields from November 2019 to February 2020. The design used in this experiment was a randomized block design with two replications. The treatment was 28 F1 as a result of crossing P8IS vs NK212 and P8IS vs NK7328 and their respective reciprocal crosses. The experimental data were analyzed by means of analysis of variance and further tested with the LSD test at the 5 percent level. Heterosis values were calculated on the basis of the parents whose scores were higher (High Parent Heterosis). The t test at the 5% level was used to determine whether the maternal effect was significant. The results showed that the mean leaf angles of F1 lines from crosses and reciprocal P8IS vs NK212 were the same as the two parents; whereas the P8IS vs NK7328 cross is different. The reciprocal of cross number 13 (P8IS vs Nk7328 /R13) has smaller leaf angle than P8IS and is the same as the leaf angle of NK7328. The yield of the F1 lines from the two types of crosses was the same as each of the two parents; however, there was a tendency for an increase in yield compared to P8IS for most of the F1 lines. There was a change in leaf angle properties, harvest age and yield of F1 lines compared to one of the best parents with heterosis values are negative and positive with variations from 0.00 to 65.70 percent. Coefficient of correlation between heterosis with the average value of traits was classified as strong for the harvest age; moderate for yield and weak for leaf angle. These three traits in the two types of crosses showed no maternal effects. Smaller leaf angle, super early harvest age and higher yield, are possible to be obtained from the lines of both crosses.
Akurasi Diagnostik Kecacingan Metode Direct Slidedan Kato Katzpada Penderita Helminthiasis Di Kota Mataram
Authors: Triani Eva , Suwitasari Putu , Setyorini Rika Hastuti , Yuliyani Eka Arie , Handito Dody
Published: December 2021

Worms are diseases caused by the entry of parasites (in the form of worms) into the human body. The types of worms that are often found to cause infection are roundworms (Ascarislumbricoides), whipworms (Trichuris trichiura) and hookworms (Necatoramericanus) which are transmitted through the soil (Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis. Examination of helminth infections can be done qualitativelyand quantitative. The qualitative examination that is often used is the Direct slide method. while the quantitative examination that is often used is the Kato Katz method. This study aims to compare the accuracy of the worm infection examination between the Direct slide method and the Kato Katz method by examining stool samples. This research was conducted on 47 Ampenan Elementary School Students located on the coast in Mataram City, where the coastal area is one of the good breeding grounds for worms. This study used a comparative analytical research design with a cross sectional approach. To establish the diagnosis of helminthiasis and the type of worm that infects, an examination of worm eggs in stool samples is carried out using the Direct slide and Kato Katz methods. The results showed that the number of samples infected with STH was more commonly found by the Kato-Katz method. The results of measurements using the Direct slide method and the Kato Katz method showed that the highest prevalence of STH infection was Ascaris lumbricoides infection. Direct slide method produces a sensitivity level of 95.16% and a specificity of 100%.
Keanekaragaman dan Pola Sebaran Moluska (Gastropoda dan Bivalvia) yang Berasosiasi Pada Ekosistem Mangrove di Pesisir Selatan Lombok Timur
Authors: Sedana Putra Wayan Pasek Eka , Syukur Abdul , Santoso Didik
Published: December 2021

Mangrove ecosystems have an important role in coastal areas. Mangroves have a function as a shelter, foraging for food, and breeding various aquatic biota. Damage to mangrove forests can cause the service of mangrove ecosystems to decrease, especially for mollusk life. Mollusks are one of the associated biotas of mangroves whose life is influenced by mangrove forests. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of mollusks and the relationship between mollusk density and mangrove density in the mangrove ecosystem of the southern coast of East Lombok. A sampling of mollusks used the quadrate sampling method by purposive sampling by taking into account the mangrove species contained in the observation plot. The collected data were analyzed by diversity index, distribution pattern, association, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Then a simple linear regression analysis was performed with the independent variable (x) mangrove density and the dependent variable (y) mollusk density. The results of this study were the discovery of 22 species of mollusks consisting of 17 species of gastropods and five species of bivalves. The density of mollusks in the mangrove ecosystem of the southern coast of East Lombok is 44.50±2.63 ind./m2. The diversity index at the study site was classified as moderate, with a value ranging from 1.99 to 2.46. The distribution pattern of mollusks at the research site is clustered with an Id value > 1. There are eight mollusk species associated with three mangrove species from 22 mollusk species found. The linear regression equation y = 0.084x – 0.2963 with a Pearson correlation coefficient (r) 0.95 describes a strong relationship between the independent variable (x) mangrove density and the dependent variable (y) mollusk density. This study concludes that there is a significant relationship between mangrove density and mollusk density as indicated by F-hit(41.01) > F-table (7.70) and P-value (0.003) < (0.05).
Potensi Kerabang Telur dalam Pakan Ayam Ras Telur Telur
Authors: Sumiati Sumiati , Erwan Erwan , Purnamasari Dwi Kusuma , Syamsuhaidi Syamsuhaidi , Suhartini Suhartini
Published: December 2021

The aim of this research is to know potention of the egg shells mill in ration toweard eggs production and Quality of the layer chiken. This research was conducted in August 2020 at Apitaik West Lombok, laboratory of Animal nutrition Animal Husbandri Mataram Univercity and laboratory of BPTP East Nusa Tenggara. 75 of layer chiken devide into 5 treatment was PI (0%  egg shells +50% yellow corn +16% rise bren and 36% KLKS consentrat), P1I (5% eggs shells +50% yellow corn +16% rise bren and 36% KLKS consentrat), P1II (7% eggs shells +50% yellow corn, 36% KLKS consentrat) +16% rise bren), 5 replicetes and each replicates use 5 layer chiken and all of treatment give iso protein and iso energy ration. The parameter in this reaserch was eggs production, feed comsumtion, feed convertion, eggs weight and eggs quality. The result of this research were analysis by varians analysis above completely randomized design (CRD). The result showed that eggs producktion, eggs weight, feed cosumtion and feed convertion non significant effect (P>0.05), but was significant effect (P<0.05) on weight and thick of eggs shell It was concluded that giving egg shells to a level of 7.5% in the feed had enough potential to increase egg production and quality of laying hens with relatively good feed efficiency.
Produktivitas Ayam Pedaging Pola Kemitraan di Kabupaten Lombok Barat
Authors: Purnamasari Dwi K. , Syamsuhaidi Syamsuhaidi , Wiryawan K.G , Erwan Erwan , Sumiati Sumiati , Zohriana W. , Arifin Y.
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the level of productivity of broilers in the partnership farm system in relation to the quality of feed  provided by partner companies. The research was conducted in 2 (two) stages; Phase I. Survey of  feeding system in partnership system of broiler farming in West Lombok. The parameters observed included: type of feed offered, the amount provided and frequency of feeding, harvest weight, and FCR. Phase II. Evaluation of the chemical composition of the diet used in partnership broiler farming system. The parameters observed included: the moisture, ash, protein, fat and  fiber. The data obtained were tabulated and discussed descriptively. Based on the survey results, there are 8 partnership companies, namely PT. MSJ, PT. BBB, PT. Samsung, PT. DMC, PT. BSS, PT. FMS, PT. KUS  and PT. PAL, and 6 types of feed used, namely S12, GM-PS, GM 1 EJ, Malindo, Wonokoyo, HD BR1 161. Average feed consumption is 3.24 kg / head / period, with weight gain of 2.10 kg / head / period, with the  FCR value of 1.54. Based on the results of the evaluation of the nutritional content, there is a mismatch, especially the  protein content which is lower (0.01%) as shown in the leaflet of the starter feed from Wonokoyo company. The conclusion of this study is that in general, the complete feed quality used is  in accordance with the SNI based feed quality standards and the broiler productivity produced on partner farms meets the company standards. Nutritional; Complete Feed; Consumption; Weight Gain; Feed Conversion
Pengolahan Tanah Tercemar Logam Berat Pb dan Cd Menggunakan Biochar Sekam Padi dengan Variasi Ukuran Partikel
Authors: Fika Harsena Hayas , Elystia Shinta , Sasmita Aryo
Published: December 2021

Soil contamination by heavy metals lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) is a form of pollution that is very dangerous for living things. One of the efforts to cultivate polluted soil is the remediation method using biochar from rice husks. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of biochar particle size variations on the removal of heavy metals Pb and Cd on contaminated soil. Biochar is made by pyrolysis at 500 0C for 1 hour and flows 0.1 L / minute of N2 gas. This study used a variety of biochar particle sizes of 100 mesh, 60 mesh, 40 mesh and testing time every 10 days for 1 month. The results of this study were the highest Pb and Cd removal in the addition of biochar with a particle size of 100 mesh, namely with a Pb concentration of 91.32 mg / kg and a removal efficiency of 54.05% ; Cd concentration of 10.47 mg / kg and a removal efficiency of 47.36%. Based on the results obtained, it can be stated that the smaller the biochar particle size, the efficiency of heavy metal removal will increase.
Karakteristik Infiltrasi dan Potensi Irigasi di Lahan Kering Kecamatan Bayan Kabupaten Lombok Utara
Authors: Jaya Negara I Dewa Gede , Hanifah Lilik , Saidah Humairoh , Anwar Saiful
Published: December 2021

Agricultural development with horticultural crops on dry land is one of the government's efforts to increase dry land productivity so that new paddy fields are created in the Bayan area. Noting that land infiltration capability and its classification are important factors needed in irrigation planning to support the development of horticultural agriculture, so it is necessary to conduct field research on this matter. This study aims to determine the characteristics and classification of land infiltration and determine the trend of irrigation that can be applied. Field infiltration tests were carried out in Anyar and Sukadana villages with 4 test points each. The infiltration rate test in the field was carried out using a double ring infiltrometer and a soil test at the Geotechnical Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Unram. Analysis of the data used Horton's formula as a comparison and the results of the analysis were presented in the form of tables and graphs, conclusions were made descriptively. The results showed that the average infiltration rate in Anyar Village was at point 1 = 26.90 cm/hour, point 2 = 14.94 cm/hour, point 3 = 27.33 cm/hour, and point 4 = 8.21 cm/hour with soil including sandy clay. Infiltration rate classification of points 1 and 3 is very fast, point 2 is fast and location 4 is rather fast. For Sukadana Village the infiltration rate was obtained at point 1 = 43.52 cm/hour, point 2 = 36.67 cm/hour, point 3 = 12.86 cm/hour, and point 4 = 10.97 cm/hour, with the condition sandy clay soil. Sukadana's infiltration rate classification points 1 and 2 are very fast and points 3 and 4 are rather fast. Based on the results of the infiltration test, for very fast and fast infiltration, it is potential to apply jet irrigation such as sprinklers or perforations and for rather fast infiltration, drip irrigation can be applied with limited drip system
Situações de sofrimento na América Latina
Authors: Dallari Dalmo
Published: December 2021

Há alguns anos, acompanhei um grupo de estudantes brasileiros aos Estados Unidos. Estivemos no Banco Mundial e um dos diretores nos recebeu. Falou-nos da necessidade do controle obrigatório da natalidade na América Latina. Eu, então, perguntei da razão pela qual a América Latina devia fazer o controle compulsivo da natalidade se esse não existe nos Estados Unidos? A resposta dele foi que cada norte-americano que nasce é um produtor e cada latino-americano que nasce é apenas um consumidor...
PEMODELAN REGRESI SPASIAL DEPENDENSI PADA TINGKAT PARTISIASI ANGKATAN KERJA DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2020
Authors: Usali Rahmayunda , Nurwan Nurwan , Oroh Franky Alfrits , Payu Muhammad Rezky Friesta
Published: December 2021

This study discusses the regression modeling with spatial dependence to determine the factors affecting the labor force participation rate in Indonesia 2020. The spatial regression models used in this study are spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR) and Spatial Error Model (SEM), The finding concludes that the SAR model is better used in spatial modeling. At the same time, provincial minimum wage, the average length of school or educational level, and population are factors that affect the labor force participation rate in Indonesia 2020.
PERAMALAN JUMLAH PENUMPANG PESAWAT DI BANDAR UDARA INTERNASIONAL JUANDA MENGGUNAKAN METODE EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING EVENT-BASED
Authors: Farida Yuniar , Yusi Suyesti , Yuliati Dian
Published: December 2021

The increase in the number of airplane passengers occurs at certain times, such as Eid al-Adha, Eid al-Fitr, and Christmas holidays. Of course, an excessive rise in the number of passengers can cause extreme flight traffic density so that which can cause flight delays, decreased airport service level performance, and other impacts. This study predicts the number of aircraft passengers at Juanda International Airport using the Exponential Smoothing Event-Based method. The Exponential Smoothing Event-Based method is a forecasting method that considers special events using the Exponential Smoothing method as the initial calculation. This study uses data on the number of passengers from January 2014 to December 2020. From the forecasting model, MAPE is 11.8905%, and MSE is 4202958561.0706, so that the resulting forecast can be categorized as good.
DETEKSI PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOBA DENGAN METODE TWIN BOUNDED SVM
Authors: Tomasouw Berny Pebo , Lesnussa Yopi Andry
Published: December 2021

Twin Bounded SVM (TB-SVM) is an improvement of the Twin SVM method and has advantages in classification problems compared to standard SVM. In this research, linear TB-SVM and nonlinear TB-SVM methods will be applied to detect drug use based on 23 symptoms experienced. The training and testing data is divided into three partition data schemes (60/40 scheme, 70/30 scheme and 80/20 scheme) in order to determine the best level of accuracy that can be obtained. The test results show that the nonlinear TB-SVM with the RBF kernel has a better accuracy rate than the linear TB-SVM, that is 80% at 60/40 scheme, 90% at 70/30 scheme, and 95% at 80/20 scheme.
PENDUGAAN PARAMETER MODEl DISTRIBUTED LAG POLA POLINOMIAL MENGGUNAKAN METODE ALMON
Authors: Virgantari Fitria , Rahayu Wilda
Published: December 2021

The distributed lag model is a regression  model that describes the relationship between the dependent variable of a given period and the independent variables of a certain or previous periods. The model can be used to determine the impact of the independent variable to dependent variables over time and forecast time series data for the next periods. There are two forms of distributed lag model that have been widely proposed in the estimation of distributed lag regression model. The first form  is proposed by Koyck and the second form by Almon. This paper aims to apply the Almon model to examine the effect of  the ratio of BOPO (Operating Cost and Operating Income) to the ROA (Return on Asset) of a government bank based on quarterly data, to estimate its parameters, to examine the feasibility of the model, and to predict the next quarter.  Results shows that distributed lag model is  = 10.110 - 0.078  + 0.015  + 0.026  – 0.045  with Yt is ROA, and Xt is the ratio BOPO  on the 1st quarter until the previous 3 quarters. The model is quite good according to the determination coefficient that is 0.75, no autocorrelation in the model, t test and F test are also significant. Based on the model, the value of ROA ratio next quarter predicted 4.63%. The decrease in profitability ROA ratio is due to an increase in interest expense while interest income can not compensate
Prepositions and Spatial Relations in Natural Languages According to Leibniz
Authors: Mugnai Massimo
Published: December 2021

In his 1677 Dialogue, Leibniz answers the question of how it is possible that speakers of different languages agree on the same truths by postulating “a certain correspondence between characters and things”. In the mid-1680s, he arguably attempts to specify this “correspondence” by explaining how linguistic particles are connected to our perception of spatial relations among things in the world. Firstly, this paper focuses on the role that, according to Leibniz, signs and characters play in our knowledge. Secondly, it introduces the solution that can be found in the Dialogue to the problem of how the same truth can be expressed in different languages. After briefly expounding Leibniz’s theory of natural languages, the paper gives an account of Leibniz’s analysis of the nature of prepositions and of how they contribute, in a natural language, to determine the correspondence between characters and things that is mentioned in the Dialogue.
Leibniz Lectures (Spring 1947)
Authors: Strawson Peter Frederick
Published: December 2021

This hitherto unpublished manuscript of P.F. Strawson dates back to the very beginning of his academic career, when he already combined a special focus on the philosophy of logic and language with a serious interest in early modern philosophy from Descartes to Kant. Appointed Assistant Lecturer in Philosophy at Bangor, in Spring 1947 he “also lectured on the philosophy of Leibniz (studied mainly in the Gerhardt edition)” (Strawson 2011, 230). Later, Strawson’s early acquaintance with Leibniz’s philosophical works was to play a prominent role in one of his most significant books, Individuals: An Essay in Descriptive Metaphysics (1959), whose First Part ends with a chapter on Leibnizian monads. Thus, Strawson’s 1947 “Leibniz Lectures” offer a unique insight into the author’s longstanding concern with Leibnizian thought. Transcribed by Harry Strawson. Revised by Galen Strawson, with additional revisions by Matteo Favaretti Camposampiero.
Stres Yönetimi Eğitiminin Bakım Personeli Tarafından Algılanan Stres Düzeyine Etkisi
Authors: CERİT Esin
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışma, bakım ve rehabilitasyon merkezinde çalışan bakım personeline verilen stres yönetimi eğitiminin, bakım personellerinin algıladıkları stres düzeyine etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma, ön-test son-test kontrol grupsuz desende planlandı. Bu çalışmada, Yozgat’ta 26’sı kadın, 23’ü erkek ve yaş ortalaması 41,6±6,5 yıl olan 49 bakım personeline iki gün süren 45’er dakikalık iki oturumdan oluşan stres yönetimi eğitimi verildi. Veriler, personelin tanıtıcı özelliklerini içeren sekiz sorudan oluşan tanımlayıcı bilgi formu ve Algılanan Stres Ölçeği aracılığıyla toplandı. Bakım personelinin tanımlayıcı özellikleri sayı, yüzde ve ortalama şeklinde belirtildi. Eğitim öncesi ve eğitim sonrası ölçekten alınan puan ortalamalarının karşılaştırılmasında Bağımlı iki örneklem t testi, Bağımsız iki örneklem t testi ve Tek yönlü varyans analizi kullanıldı. Sonuçlar: Bakım personelinin eğitim öncesi Algılanan Stres Ölçeği puan ortalaması 38,46± 7,89 olarak saptandı. Uygulanan eğitim sonrasında personelin algıladığı stres düzeyinde anlamlı bir farklılık olmamakla (p>0.05) birlikte azalma olduğu belirlendi. Tartışma: Çalışmanın sonucunda, uygulanan stres yönetimi eğitiminin bakım personelinin stresini azaltmada etkili olduğunu söyleyememekteyiz fakat eğitim sonrası algıladıkları stres düzeyinde azalma olması olumlu bir gelişmedir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre yeni yapılacak çalışmalarda, pekiştirici nitelikte daha fazla oturumdan oluşan eğitimler uygulanıp uygulanan eğitimin uzun dönemdeki etkisinin araştırılması önerilebilir.
IN THE TRAJECTORY OF ECONOMIC REFORMS: SCIENCE AND SCIENCE POLICY IN THE YEARS OF THE “KHRUSHCHEV’S DECADE”
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Vodichev Evgeny G. ,   National Research Tomsk State University
Published: December 2021

The paper is devoted to the problems of the USSR scientific and technology (S&T) policy during the “Khrushchev’s decade”, presented as part of the macroeconomic policy. The analysis is carried out in the context of economic reforms and experiments implemented in the country. The main components of S&T policy are revealed, the evolution of its structure and content in comparison with the first post-war decade is shown. In the analysis of S&T policy, the main attention is paid to the reflection of the status of science as a driver of economic development in the context of global challenges and the formation of new techno-economic paradigms. The emphasis on the applied function of research and development (R&D) proclaimed in the framework of S&T policy is presented as a reflection of the traditional for the USSR interpretations of the place and role of science in society under new conditions of scientific and technological revolution as a Soviet counter-thesis to the concepts of post-industrial society. The connection of decision-making mechanisms in the field of S&T policy with general line of Khrushchev’s populism, and the emerging practice of “bureaucratic bargaining” is outlined. The basic trends of approaches to planning in science and coordination in the field of R&D are identified, the directions of organisational restructuring in the governing of the scientific and technical complex are shown. It is concluded that S&T policy in the mid-1950s — 1960s remained a function of economic policy, that a unified S&T policy in the country under N. S. Khrushchev had not been formed. At the same time, the return on innovation remained at a low level.
RUSSIA’S FAR EASTERN POLICY IN THE LATE 19TH — EARLY 20TH CENTURY IN THE WORKS OF THE ENGLISH AND GERMAN-LANGUAGE RESEARCHERS
Authors:   Institute of History, Siberian Branch of the RAS, Anan’ev Denis A.
Published: December 2021

The paper analyzes the works of the English- and German-language researchers who studied the history of Russia’s Far Eastern policy at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. According to these scholars, a striking feature of that policy was the inseparability of the foreign and internal political tasks, while its main result was Russia’s involvement in the war against Japan. However, Western authors focused not only on the foreign policy and military aspects of the “Russian eastward expansion” (analyzed by C. von Zepelin, A. Malosemoff, S. Marks, R. Quested, J. Stephan) but also on the geographic, demographic, social and economic aspects (B. Sumner, A. A. Lobanov-Rostovsky, R. Quested, D. Geyer, J. Lensen et al.). The ideological component of the Far Eastern policy (associated with the ideas of Russia’s historical civilizing mission in Asia and the need to oppose the “Yellow Peril”) was considered in the works by A. Malozemoff, D. Schimmelpenninck van der Oye. The economic reasons for the development of the region were discussed by the authors who studied processes of “modernization” and S. Yu. Witte’s policy of “peaceful penetration” (B. Sumner, A. A. Lobanov-Rostovsky, R. Quested, D. Geyer, J. Lensen et al.). Sociocultural processes that led to the formation of “national identity” and “regional identity” were analyzed by J. Stephan, Ch. Y. Hsu, D. Wolff, Sh. Corrado. Despite the diversity of conceptions proposed by the Englsih- and Germanlanguage researchers it is possible to identify the two key trends in the study of the topic. The majority of works emphasized the expansionist intentions of Russia as one of the “imperialist powers” who participated in dividing spheres of influence in the Asia-Pacific region. However, many authors acknowledged Russia’s objective need to strengthen its position on the Pacific frontier, to protect its Far Eastern territories, to settle them and develop their economy.
WENNER'S CONFIGURATION GEOELECTRIC METHOD FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF THE SUBSURFACE STRUCTURES OF PANUNGKIRAN VILLAGE
Authors: Farihanum Aulia , Nasution Nazaruddin , Daulay Abdul Halim
Published: December 2021

A research has been carried out which aims to determine the subsurface structure using the geoelectric method in Panungkiran Village, Kab.  Deli Serdang, Prov.  North Sumatra Geoelectric data retrieval uses the Wenner configuration to determine the distribution and depth of subsurface structures in Panungkiran Village, Deli Serdang Regency.  Prov.  North Sumatra Data collection is 1 track with a length of 90 meters, Data processing in the study using MS office software Excel Notepad, and RES2DINV The results of the measurements consist of several types which are distinguished based on the range of resistivity values, namely in the range of 34.0-3188 2m interpreted by lithological layers  topsoil (34.0-65.1 Ωm), sandstone (65.1-1252 Ωm) weathered travertine limestone (125-456 Ωm), fresh trvertine limestone (456-3188 Ωm), and resistivity >3188  Qm is interpreted as a cave at a depth of 9-12 meters.
Analysis Of The Mechanical Properties Of Brick With The Addition Of Cotton
Authors: Jumiati Ety , Nasution Nita Zahara , Daulay Abdul Halim
Published: December 2021

Abstract

It has been done making bricks with the addition of cotton.Variations in the mixture of cement, sand and cotton are sample A (30%:70% :0%), sample B (30%:69,5%:0,5%), sample C (30%:69%:1%), sample D (30%:68,5%:1,5%), Water Cement Factor of 0,5 and dry time one day. Characteristic of the tests carried out include: compressive strength and fracture strength.Analysis of the mechanical properties of the bricks produced in sample A with a compressive strength value = 28.81 kg/cm2 and fracture strength value = 23.11kg/cm2, sample B with acompressive strength value = 26.85 kg/cm2 and fracture strength value = 22.32 kg/cm2, sample C with a compressive strength value = 25.10 kg/cm2 and fracture strength value = 15.09 kg/cm2, sample D with a compressive strength of 17.14 kg/ cm2 and a fracture strength value 15.51kg/cm2. The bricks produced namely in sample B.
Keywords :Bricks, Cotton, and Cement
UTILIZATION OF CHICKEN EGG POWDER AS AN ADDITIONAL MATERIAL TO PRODUCE PAVING BLOCK
Authors: Masthura Masthura , Daulay Abdul Halim , Lase Purnama Indah
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Research has been carried out on the analysis of the physical properties of paving blocks from egg shell powder. This study aims to determine the physical properties of water absorption, density and porosity in the resulting paving blocks. The samples used were eggshell powder, cement, and sand with a ratio of 0%:40%:60%, 5%:35%:60%, 10%:30%:60%, 15%:25%:60%, 20%:20%:60%. The FAS used was 0,56 and the drying time for the paving blocks was 28 days. The results of the analysis of the physical properties of paving blocks produced at 0% variation have a water absorption value = 8,08%, density = 2,29 g/cm3 and porosity = 13,31%, at 5% variation has a water absorption value = 8,10%, density = 2,18 g/cm3 and porosity = 13,94%, the 10% variation has a water absorption value = 8,63%, density = 2,17 g/cm3 and porosity = 14,41% , the 15% variation has a water absorption value = 8,83%, density = 2,16 g/cm3 and porosity = 14,94%, the 20% variation has a water absorption value = 9,10%, density = 2 ,14 g/cm3 and porosity = 16,82%.

 

Keywords: Paving Block, Eggshell Powder, Physical Properties.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF PARTICLE BOARDS BASED ON PALM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUITS AND BAMBOO POWDER WITH A MIXED ADHESIVE OF GAMBIR AND UREA FORMALDEHYDE
Authors: Afrilda Nanda Putri , Jumiati Ety , Daulay Abdul Halim
Published: December 2021

This test was carried out to reduce waste in coconut empty fruit bunches and to determine the characteristics and microstructure of the particle board surface.  The samples used consisted of bamboo powder and oil palm empty fruit bunches with gambier adhesive and urea formaldehyde with variations including: 10%:75%:15%:11%;  20%:65%:15%:11%, 30%:55%:15%:11%, 40%:45%:10%:11%.  The particleboard was printed and pressurized using a hot press of 16kg/cm2 for 15 minutes at a temperature of 120 oC, with a drying time of 14 days.  The test parameters include: density, moisture content, thickness expansion, and microstructural analysis using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) which refers to SNI 03-2105-2006.  The characterization of particleboard produced in the density test is 0.66-0.74 g/cm3, the water content value is 2.4-6.9%, the thickness expansion value is 7.2-12%.  Based on the percentage value of the density of the resulting particleboard is a medium density particleboard.
YUNANİSTAN’DA PANHELLENİK SOSYALİST HAREKETİN (PASOK) KURULUŞU VE İKTİDARA YÜKSELİŞİ (1974-1981)
Authors: USTAOĞLU Bilge
Published: December 2021

Yunanistan’da 1967’den beri hüküm süren Albaylar Cuntasının 1974 yazında düşmesi ülkede parlamenter demokrasiye geçiş sürecini başlatmıştır. Sürecin hemen başında, 3 Eylül 1974’te de Andreas Papandreu Panhellenik Sosyalist Hareketi (PASOK) kurmuş ve Parti 1981 yılında iktidara gelmiştir. Panhellenik Sosyalist Hareket, demokrasinin yeniden tesis edildiği 1974 sonrası Yunan siyasetinde Yeni Demokrasi ile birlikte en önemli iki siyasi partiden birisi, hatta birincisi olmuştur. Papandreu ve partisinin getirdiği siyasi ve kültürel “değişim”, muhalefette olduğu 1970’lerin ikinci yarısı kadar iktidar yılları olan 1980’ler ve 1990’ların ilk yarısında da Yunanistan’a damgasını vurmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Panhellenik Sosyalist Hareketin kuruluş ve gelişim süreci analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma, Partinin siyaset sahnesine çıktığı 1974 ile iktidara geldiği 1981 yılları arasını kapsamaktadır. Hareketin merkezde olduğu çalışma ile cunta sonrası Yunanistan’ının siyasi sistemi ve partilerinin özelliklerine, incelenen dönem açısından ışık tutmak amaçlanmıştır.
Lipoma gigante de esôfago: relato de tratamento cirúrgico
Authors:   Hospital Geral de Carapicuíba, Amantini Messias Bruno , Silva Ferreira Karin , Belnuovo Vieira Gabriel , Dias Nunes de Moraes Marcos , Donoso Rivero Roberto Eduardo , Rossi Mocchetti Érica ,   Centro Universitário São Camilo
Published: December 2021

Introdução: Lipoma esofágico é uma patologia extremamente rara e patologicamente benigna. Geralmente são assintomáticos e descobertos incidentalmente em exames de imagem. A principal localização é no terço superior do esôfago. Disfagia, massa regurgitada e sensação de desconforto na gargante são as principais queixas dos pacientes. O tratamento endoscópico é uma opção em lesões pequenas, entretanto, lesões maiores devem ser preferencialmente abordadas por cirurgia convencional. Relato do caso: Relatamos o caso de uma paciente jovem com história de disfagia e dor torácica ha 2 anos. Referia saída de lesão pela cavidade oral após episódio de tosse. Submetida a endoscopia digestiva que evidenciou lesão pediculada esofágica e tomografia computadorizada que visualizou lesão esofágica de 20 centímetros. Com base nesses achados, foi optado pelo tratamento cirúrgico. Conclusão: o lipoma esofágico é uma patologia rara e que geralmente necessita alto índice de suspeição, exame endoscópico e de imagem para o correto diagnóstico. O tratamento cirúrgico e endoscópico são as principais modalidades terapêuticas.
Intervenciones alimentarias y emociones durante la pandemia de Covid-19 en Argentina
Authors: Faracce Macia Constanza
Published: December 2021

Partiendo de un enfoque sociológico de las políticas sociales y de los cuerpos/emociones, en el presente artículo se analizan las intervenciones alimentarias llevadas a cabo por el Estado nacional durante la pandemia de Covid-19 en Argentina. La metodología consistió en una etnografía virtual realizada en páginas web oficiales del Estado argentino, en la que se rastrearon normativas, medidas, anuncios y otros contenidos relacionados a las políticas alimentarias implementadas a partir de la declaración del Aislamiento Social, Preventivo y Obligatorio (Aspo) del 20 de marzo de 2020 y durante su coexistencia con el Distanciamiento Social, Preventivo y Obligatorio (Dispo). Entre los resultados, se destaca la continuidad de un modo de atención a lo alimentario que se viene configurando en el país desde la década de los 80, en el que los programas alimentarios son complementados con estrategias que emergen desde organizaciones de la sociedad civil, como los comedores y merenderos comunitarios. En la apelación a estos actores, desde la narrativa estatal se contribuye a configurar una política de las sensibilidades asociada a la ayuda, la solidaridad y el compromiso que legitima la experiencia social de que los que menos tienen ponen lo poco que tienen al servicio del que tiene menos.
La pragmàtica de la interllengua en estudiants polonesos de català com a LE: una primera aproximació a l'adquisició dels oferiments i les peticions
Authors: Vanrell Maria del Mar , Catany Joana
Published: December 2021

Aquest article analitza l'adquisició de les estratègies de cortesia associades amb les peticions i els oferiments. Vint-i-tres informants, 13 parlants de català com a LE amb el polonès com a L1 i 10 parlants de català com a L1 (grup de control), varen realitzar un qüestionari basat en la tasca de compleció del discurs. Els resultats demostren que els factors amb un efecte més important sobre les variables dependents són l'acte de parla i factors pragmàtics com la distància social i el cost de l'acció verbal. La diferència entre parlants nadius i aprenents de català no és una diferència de naturalesa, sinó de grau. Així doncs, veim que els informants polonesos recorren més sovint a determinades variables com ara l'ús d'interrogatives o la dixi de persona per suavitzar determinades accions mitjançant la cortesia, mentre que d'altres variables són usades en la mateixa mesura pels dos grups d'informants, tant pels aprenents de català com pels parlants amb el català com a L1. Concloem que des del punt de vista pragmàtic la interllengua constitueix un sistema dinàmic, amb un grau alt de variabilitat, però, tanmateix, basat en regles, provinents de la llengua inicial o no.
Manual of Catalan Linguistics
Authors: Cremades Elga
Published: December 2021

Ressenya. Argenter, J. A.; J. Lüdke (2020). Manual of Catalan Linguistics. De Gruyter
The role of hormone therapy before hysteroscopic myomectomy
Authors: Laganà Antonio Simone , Dababou Susan , Bosco Mariachiara , Zorzato Pier Carlo , Pomini Paola , Paola Rossana Di , Uccella Stefano , Raffaelli Ricciarda , Franchi Massimo
Published: December 2021

Objective: This review analyzes the preoperative treatments used before hysteroscopic myomectomy, trying to identify the main indications for each option. Methods: a comprehensive search of several databases was conducted from inception up to May 2021. The searched databases were MEDLINE, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Daily, Ovid EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus. The search strategy included the combinations of the following medical terms: Hysteroscopic myomectomy; Uterine fibroid, Hormonal therapy, preoperative. We selected clinical studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses in English to investigate hormone therapy before hysteroscopic myomectomy. We opted for a narrative synthesis of the results, summarizing the evidence provided by the most relevant studies to offer the reader a complete and synthetic overview of the topic. Findings in brief: The hormonal therapies preoperatively used to prepare the endometrium before a hysteroscopic procedure are gonadotropins releasing hormone (GnRH) analog, danazol, progestogen, and combined oral contraceptives. On the one hand, the efficacy of GnRH analogs and danazol administration before hysteroscopic surgery has been demonstrated by several studies, mainly related to the time of surgery and volume of distension medium absorbed. On the other hand, although the evidence is more limited, progestogens and combined hormonal contraceptives have proven a comparable efficacy in achieving adequate endometrial thinning. Conclusions: To date, no definitive data provide strong evidence towards one specific preoperative therapy before myomectomy hysteroscopy. Several variables should be considered using a specific medical therapy (including the different potential effects with a particular drug compared to the others in type 0, 1, or 2 myoma); this element further amplifies the heterogeneity of the available findings in the literature and does not allow to draw a firm conclusion about a best pharmacological management over the others.
Genetic amniocentesis: indications, outcome and complications retrospective cohort study during 13 years
Authors: Grgić Gordana , Cerovac Anis , Hadžimehmedović Azra , Bogdanović Gordana , Latifagić Anela
Published: December 2021

Background: Amniocentesis (AC) is the most commonly used invasive prenatal test. The aim of this study was to determine which were the most common indications for AC, chromosomal abnormalities in relation to the age of the mother and complications as a result of AC. Methods: This is a retrospective thirteen-year cohort study including pregnant women who underwent AC in the period from 2008 to 2020. Patients were divided into two groups: below and above 35 years of age of mother at the time of AC. Results: During study period 2213 AC were performed, out of which 759 (34.29%) were in mother below, and 1454 (65.70%) above 35 years of age (p < 0.00001). The most common indication for AC in group above 35 years of age was advanced maternal age (93.9%), in group below 35 years of age was familial chromosomal diseases (29.91%). In all indications there is a statistically significant difference between the two age groups of pregnant women, all these indications are more prevalent in the group of pregnant women younger than 35 years (p < 0.00001). The most common chromosomal abnormalities in both groups was Down syndrome from numerical aberrations, and from structural inversion of chromosome 9. Short term complications were spontaneous abortion in 26 (1.17%), missed abortion in 4 (0.18%) and premature rupture of membranes in 4 (0.18%) cases. Conclusion: Advanced maternal age, demonstrated the strongest association with the uptake of AC, trisomy 21 was the most prevalent abnormal finding. Complications of AC are not significant compared to the general population of pregnant women.
Five abdominal computer tomography characteristics facilitate diagnosis of spontaneous perforation of pyometra in women with acute abdomen: a case control study
Authors: He Yingying , Li Chaoran , Long Fang , Sun Zhigang , Cidan Yangzong , Li Jing , Cao Penglong , Ma Rui , Wang Weiwei , Xu Xiaoguang , Xiao Zhen
Published: December 2021

Background: Spontaneous perforation of pyometra is a rare clinical emergency with high mortality. As pyometra perforation is difficult to recognize pre-operatively, many cases are mis-diagnosed as gastrointestinal (GI) rupture. This study aimed to develop a strategy to improve diagnostic accuracy of spontaneous uterine perforation in female patients with acute abdomen. Methods: Twenty-two women with spontaneous rupture of the uterus (twenty cases previously reported in the literature plus two cases from the authors’ hospital) were included in the study group, another 22 menopausal patients with GI perforation were selected as the control group. Radiologists carefully reviewed the CT images and reports and summarized some common signs in patients with spontaneous perforation of pyometra. GI patients’ CT images were also scrutinized for these characteristic signs. The occurrence of these features was calculated in both groups. All patients underwent abdominal surgical exploration and most of patients diagnosed with spontaneous perforation of pyometra received hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy. Results: Five characteristics were specifically detected in patients with uterine spontaneous perforation: (1) Fluid collected in the cul-de-sac, incidence 95.5%; (2) Fluid in the uterine cavity, incidence 100%; (3) Intra-uterine free air, incidence 90.9%; (4) Free air around the uterus, incidence 77.2%; (5) Defects on the uterine wall, incidence 72.7%. However, these five signs were rarely observed in control patients with GI perforation. A dignostic strategy combined clinical findings with raidiological features were developed to help identify these patients. Conclusions: The above five CT characteristics and the developed dignostic algorithm could be used as a tool to facilitate the preoperative diagnosis of spontaneous perforation of pyometra, although more tests are needed in large samples of cases.
Is primary chemoradiation a better treatment? A retrospective study of early-stage node-positive cervical cancer
Authors: Zhang Nan , Zheng Hong
Published: December 2021

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death for women in developing countries. Radical hysterectomy with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection is usually preferred for patients with stage IB1-IIA2 disease. Currently, imaging has certain limitations in the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis, and the accuracy of detection remains unsatisfactory. Indeed, only pathological examination after removal of the suspected metastatic lymph nodes during surgery can conclusively identify the presence of metastasis. Furthermore, if a lymphatic metastasis is detected, there are no clear guidelines regarding whether to complete radical surgery or to conduct a systematic lymphadenectomy followed by adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy. This retrospective study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of the two treatment modalities in this patient population. Methods: Forty-nine stage IB1-IIA2 cervical cancer patients with lymphatic metastasis confirmed by systematic pelvic and para-aortic lymph node dissection from 2007 to 2018 were reviewed. The patients were treated with either primary chemoradiation or radical hysterectomy followed by adjuvant chemoradiation after lymphadenectomy. Survival states and adverse events of the two treatments were compared. Results: The median follow-up time was 45 (range 11–119 months) months. In the non-radical surgery group, one patient (1/15, 6.7%) relapsed and died, while in the radical surgery group, seven patients (7/27, 25.9%) relapsed and five (5/27, 18.5%) died. A significant difference was found in the mean progression-free survival (PFS) between the two groups, which was 69 (95% confidence interval 49.118–88.882) months in the non-radical surgery group and 44 (95% confidence interval 35.857–52.143) months in the radical surgery group (p < 0.01). There was a significant difference in three-year PFS (86% vs. 71%, p < 0.01) between the groups. Grade 3–4 toxicity was comparable between the two groups (26.7% vs. 25.9%, p = 0.958). Conclusion: For stage IB1-IIA2 cervical cancer patients with positive lymph nodes, primary chemoradiation after pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy seems to have better survival outcomes compared with radical hysterectomy by laparoscopy plus chemoradiation. Since this is a retrospective study with limited cases, evidence from a randomized controlled study is needed to confirm the optimal treatment for early-stage node-positive cervical cancer.