bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1975 – Correspondence Among Emotional Regulation, Mentalization And Burn-out At Hungarian Health Care Workers
Authors: Fülöp E. , Devecsery Á. , Kurimay T. , Csabai M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Several studies have shown that excessive emotional involvement of health care professionals may lead to burnout (Zapf et al 2001; Brotheridge&Grandey 2002). As our perevious studies (Fülöp, Devecsery & Csabai 2012) also showed, medical and paramedical professionals who are prone to overinvolve in the interactions of the patients experiencing distress, may suffer from emotional exhaustion for long run.

Objective

We looked for correlations between disturbances of emotional regulation, lack of mentalization, and intensive emotional distress.

Methods

We used a descriptive approach, where a set of questionnaires were applied. The sample consisted of 200 health care professionals - nurses, and assistents for oxyology-, from all over Hungary. Questionnaires used: Maslach Burnout Inventory, (Maslach and Jackson, 1986), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Davis, 1980), Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale, (Gratz és Roemer, 2004) and Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (Bride 2003). Our research team developed a test for mentatalization consists of 3 pictures of provider/patient interactions, and exposed with different instuctions according to 3 levels of mentalization.

Conclusion

Our preliminary results show that the “3-picture test”, as a global one, can be useful to measure the complexity of mentalization, its components, as spontaneous mentalization, emotional identification, and emotional anticipation. This test may help the further understanding of the relationships between emotional regulation and the phenomenon of burn-out.
1980 – Effect Of Cigarette Smoking On Insulin Resistance Risk
Authors: Haj Mouhamed D. , Ezzaher A. , Hellara I. , Neffati F. , Douki W. , Gaha L. , Najjar M.F.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Smoking is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The mechanism(s) for the effects of smoking on CVD are not clearly understood; however, a number of atherogenic characteristics such as insulin resistance have been reported.

Aims

We aim to investigate the effects of cigarette smoking on insulin resistance and to determine the correlation between this parameter with smoking status characteristics.

Methods

This study was conducted on 138 nonsmokers and 162 smokers aged respectively 35.55±16.03 and 38.47±21.91 years. All subjects are not diabetics. Fasting glucose was determined by enzymatic methods and insulin by chemiluminescence method. Insulin resistance (IR) was estimated using the Homeostasis Model of Assessment equation: HOMA-IR = [fasting insulin (mU/L) × fasting glucose (mmol/L)] /22.5. IR was defined as the upper quartile of HOMA-IR. Values above 2.5 were taken as abnormal and reflect insulin resistance.

Results and discussion

Compared to non-smokers, smokers had significantly higher levels of fasting glucose, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR index. A statistically significant association was noted between the smoking status parameters, including both the number of cigarettes smoked/day and the duration of smoking, and fasting insulin levels as well for HOMA-IR index. Among smokers, we noted a positive correlation between HOMA-IR index and both plasma thiocyanates and urinary cotinine.

Conclusion

The findings show that smokers have a high risk to developing an insulin resistant, hyperinsulinaemic, compared with a matched group of non-smokers, and may help to explain the high risk of cardiovascular diseases in smokers.
1983 – Identifying Specific Domains Of Cognitive Dysfunction For Manic Episodes In Bipolar Affective Disorder
Authors: Vrabie M.I. , Miclutia I. , Marinescu V. , Popescu C.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

The recurrence of episodes of mania and/or depression is a feature of bipolar affective disorder and it interferes with neurocognitive performance.

Objective

Identifying specific domains of cognitive dysfunction for manic episodes in bipolar affective disorder.

Aim

Improving life quality of bipolar patients with cognitive deficits.

Methods

60 bipolar (HAMD score >= 17, manic/hippomanic: YMRS score >= 12, euthymic: 6 month of remission, HAMD score < = 8, YMRS score < = 6) patients (DSM IV TR). The cognitive battery included standardized test of IQ, attention, working memory, visual memory, verbal memory and executive functioning. Demographic data, data about family history, psychiatric history, past/current treatment, history of psychosis, duration of illness, age of onset were collected. We analyzed statistically these data and identified specific domains of cognitive dysfunction for manic episode.

Results

Stable and lasting cognitive impairments involving executive functioning (working memory, executive control, verbal fluency, mental manipulation and cognitive flexibility), verbal learning and memory and attention are evident across all phases of illness. Sustained attention (vigilance) is impaired in bipolar patients regardless of whether they are studied during periods of mania or depression. Performances on task that tapes domains of verbal learning and memory, and sustained attention were particularly impaired in manic patients.

Conclusions

There are persistent cognitive deficits over the course of bipolar affective disorder and specific cognitive impairment of each phase of the illness, like mania. This study identified several important risk factors that may moderate these cognitive deficits in manic patients.
1987 – Self-destructive Behaviour In Adolescents Diagnosed With Depression: Comparison With a Normative Sample Relative To Parental Attitudes
Authors: Sumiła A. , Chariasz A. , Gawinecka-Skonieczna M. , Łucka I.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Adolescence is a developmental stage, which includes many changes. Relationships with parents can support the adaptation to these changes or contribute to a crisis period, in which psychological disorders, such as depression or selfdestructive behaviours, may occur.

Objectives

The objective was to identify the types of parental attitudes and their correlation with the occurrence selfdestructive behaviours in their children.

Aims

The goal is to examine the relationship between parental attitudes and the tendency toward self-destructive behavior among youngsters with depression.

Methods

This is a comparative study between a sample of youngsters, ranking from 15 to 19 years, diagnosed with depression and presented self-destructive behaviours, and a normative sample comprising of youngsters who have no such history, attending secondary school. All participants in the survey completed the experimental version of the Self-Injury Self- Report Inventory (Kammie R. Juzwin, 2004) which identifies types of self-destructive behaviours (direct and indirect), and the Parental Attitude Scale (M. Plopa, 2005), which identifies five types of parental attitudes.

Results

Parents of teenagers diagnosed with depression manifest an inconsistent (p=0,003), emotionally rejecting or overdemanding (p=0,011) attitude towards their adolescent children more often than parents of children in the control group. There is a link between the inconsistent and rejecting attitude of the mother and the occurrence of direct self-destructive behaviors (r= 0,356; p< 0,05).

Conclusions

Parental attitudes towards the teenagers in the control group are more positive (autonomy, acceptance) than those displayed by the parents of adolescents with depression.
1989 – False Benzodiazepines Results In a Rapid Immunochromatography Test For Urinary Drug Detection In Tobacco Smokers
Authors: Haj Mouhamed D. , Ezzaher A. , Neffati F. , Douki W. , Gaha L. , Najjar M.F.
Published: July 2013

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the interference of tobacco smoke on immunochromatography assay for urinary benzodiazepines detection and the interest of two biological markers and smoking status parameters as predictive factors of false results.

Methods

Our study included 256 voluntary subjects (143 passive smokers and 113 smokers). Cotinine was measured by homogenous immunoenzymatic assay and SCN- by selective electrode. Urinary drugs were detected by immunochromatographic assay. A positive result is completed by an analytical method with an immunometric assay.

Results

False positive results for benzodiazepines are significantly more frequent in smokers compared with passive smokers (90.2% Vs 22.4%, p< 10-3). For smokers, the number of cigarettes was significantly higher in subjects with falsely positive results for benzodiazepines compared with subjects with negative results (32 ± 11 Vs 20 ± 10; p= 0.04). Between these two groups, we established a significant difference for urinary cotinine (345 ± 211 Vs 117 ± 54 μg/μmol; p< 10-3) and for plasma SCN- (101.6 ± 3.4 Vs 98.8 ± 2.1μmol/L; p=10-3). Urinary cotinine and consumption duration present the highest values of AUC of the ROC curves. The cut-off of 167.6μg/μmol and 10.5 years were found as predictive factors of false positive Results.

Conclusions

Tobacco smoke interferes with immunochromatographic assay of urinary drug detection; therefore, all subjects must be questioned about their smoking status to avoid such false results during results interpretation.
1992 – Late Onset Bipolar Disorder: Challenges In Diagnosis And Treatment
Authors: Araújo F. , Rodrigues J.D. , Falcão de Almeida T. , Venâncio A. , Horta A. , Lapa G.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Mania has been estimated to represent the cause of 4.6% to 18.5% of all geriatric psychiatric admissions and 10% of new-onset mania cases have been found to occur in individuals over the age of 50. Age of onset can have a significant impact on the nature and course of bipolar illness.

Objectives

Review the current literature of pharmacologic management of late-life bipolar disorder and discuss the differential diagnosis.

Aims

Brief literature review.

Methods

Case report and literature review.

Results

We describe a case of a 76-years-old female with elevated mood, verbosity, distractibility, irritability, inadequate social behavior, reduced requirement of sleep, increased physical activity, impulsive business investments. Several tests were made: analytical study, CT scan and neuropsychological evaluation, none with significant alterations. She was treated with an antipsychotic drug with improvement of symptoms.

Conclusion

There is a limited evidence base for treatment of bipolar disorder in the elderly and further controlled studies are needed. Current data suggest that valproate and lamotrigine may be better tolerated as mood stabilizers than lithium. Preliminary reports suggest a role for the use of atypical antipsychotic in older adults with bipolar disorder although potential benefit must be balanced against the potential risks of treatment. In treating elderly bipolar patients, one has to keep in mind that pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes that occur with ageing, associated with frequent concomitant medical illnesses and their treatments, are likely to increase the risk of adverse events and drug interactions.
1994 – System Of Psychotherapy And Medical And Social Rehabilitation Of Patients With Depression Involving Suicidal Behavior
Authors: Korostiy V. , Kozhyna G. , Zelenskaya K.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Depression - the main cause of suicidal behavior among young people.

Aims

Optimizing therapeutic approaches to the correction of non-psychotic depression accompanied by suicidal behavior in young adults.

Objectives

75 patients with psychogenic depression, committed suicide attempt.

Methods

Clinical-psychopathological, psychodiagnostical.

Results

The clinical picture of depression in the patients the most frequently observed in depressed mood and affect sadness, asthenic symptoms, as well as various manifestations of anxiety. The vast majority of patients were found various violations of sleep-wake cycle. Feature of depressive disorders was their massive somatization characterized by polymorphic vegetative disorders.

Building on the received data in the work we have developed pathogenetically grounded system of correction of depression involving suicidal behavior, which includes the application of integrated psychotherapeutic programs in conjunction with medical treatment. In conducting drug therapy should be given preference for the latest generation of antidepressants with a proven safety profile, high therapeutic index and low “behavioral toxicity”. Psychotherapeutic correction includes family therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, and psychoeducational training.

Developed and implemented in practice the system of psychotherapy and medical and social rehabilitation of patients with depression involving suicidal behavior, which confirmed the effectiveness of data of observation after 12 month.

Conclusions

Conducted follow-up study showed the high efficiency of the proposed system of psychotherapeutic interventions for example 83.8% of patients with repeated suicide attempts were observed, 16.2% had undergone repeated courses of complex therapeutic interventions due to additional stressful circumstances.
1997 – Prevalence And Analysis Of Patients With Dual Diagnosis In An Addictions Service In Buckinghamshire, Uk
Authors: Igoumenou A. , Giannopoulos P. , Reid A.
Published: July 2013

Aims

The comorbidity of mental illness and substance abuse (dual diagnosis) can complicate both clinical picture and prognosis. It is therefore important to recognise both nosological entities and to treat them simultaneously.

Our main aim was to investigate and describe the characteristics of dual diagnosis patients who were in treatment with a community addiction service, and to assess the completeness of clinical documentation.

Methods

We created a data collection tool to measure indices of illicit substance and alcohol use, psychiatric diagnosis, and treatments received for both problems. We included measures of physical health relating to drug and alcohol use. Clinical information was collected from the electronic patient record system.

Preliminary results

The audit is ongoing. 498 patients were under the care of the addictions service in February 2012. To date we have identified 72 patients (14.5%) with dual diagnosis. Of this group, 79% of patients were addicted to opiates and 42% were polysubstance users.

The psychiatric diagnosis included mood disorders (29%), anxiety disorders (24%) and psychosis (14%). However 28% had no formal diagnosis recorded, despite receiving treatment for psychiatric conditions.

67% were prescribed methadone. 40% of the patients were receiving medication for their mental illness.

Conclusion

14.5% of our addictions population had a mental health problem. We identified lapses in clinical documentation related to both illnesses. The distinction between addictions and psychiatric services can bring difficulties in communication and care provided. Quality and continuity of care is important and consideration should be given to further development of dual diagnosis services.
2018 – Problems In Inducing Interferon Therapy Of Opiate Addicts With Hepatitis c Who Are In Substitution Maintainance Therapy With Buprenorphine/naloxone (suboxone)
Authors: Hasanović M. , Pajević I. , Kuldija A. , Delić A. , Sutović A.
Published: July 2013

Hepatitis C is highly infected disease with long period of failure to recognize it, what leads to chronic liver damage and lower chances for complete cure if detected late. Intravenous (IV) opiate users often pass the infection to other IV drug users, or themselves be infected from virus carriers using the same non-sterile equipment. By implementation of substitution treatment of opiate addicts with buprenorphine / naloxone (Suboxone) at the Department of Psychiatry in Tuzla on 27 July 2009. year, we made the obligatory serological tests for hepatitis B and C and HIV, as well as laboratory findings with liver function parameter analysis as a condition for starting substitution therapy. In this way we discovered 47/159 opiate addicts hepatitis C positive. Although faced with danger of the final result if not treated in time, addicts when become aware that they were hepatitis C positive, they avoid further needed procedures leading to the inclusion of specific therapy with pegylated interferon. In this paper, the authors present the problems that opiate addicts hepatitis C positive bring out as a reason they do not occur on the continuation of the procedure detecting HCV genotypes, and the inclusion of specific therapy for the treatment of hepatitis C in the clinics for infectious or internal diseases. At the end, the authors present efforts expert responsible for the treatment of hepatitis C in opiate addicts to organize a multidisciplinary team, in order to be coordinated Interferon therapy for each IV opiate addict positive for hepatitis C.
2022 – Psychiatric Morbidity And Clinical Outcome In a Population Of Patients With Headand Neck Cancer
Authors: Garrido P. , Albuquerque E. , Tarelho A. , Bastos H.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Patients with head and neck cancer have to cope with the uncertainty about the evolution of their disease, the need to change risky behaviours as alcohol and nicotine dependence, and even with the mutilation and dysfunction resulting from treatments. Literature shows that these patients suffer from psychiatric comorbidity and high levels of distress with little response to their psycho-social needs. Moreover, alcoholism, smoking and personality disorders are probably risk factors for the onset and development of cancer.

Aims

We propose a research project to determine the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in patients with head and neck cancer hospitalized in a regional oncology center, and to what extent the psychiatric morbidity predisposes to medical and surgical complications during inpatient treatment.

Methods

We collected socio-demographic variables, clinical variables related to the oncological disease and psychopathological and cognitive variables. For the last ones, the following instruments were used: Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), and CAGE as a screening test for alcohol consumption. Results were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences - SPSS (19th version).

Results

Our preliminary results are in accordance with the available literature, showing high levels of psychopathology in patients with cancer of the head and neck, with associated medical complications during inpatient treatment. These findings stress the need of routine psychiatric assessment in this particular population.
2024 – Psychopharmacological Treatment In Psychiatric Patients With Hiv
Authors: Pereira S. , Garrido P.
Published: July 2013

Nearly 33 millions of people are infected by the Human Imunodeficiency Virus (HIV) all over the world. According to the available scientific literature, there is a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in people infected with HIV, compared to the general population, but these patients are often underdiagnosed. In fact, about 50% of the patients with HIV had a psychiatric disorder and only 50% of these patients received a psychopharmacological treatment. Furthermore many studies proved the necessity to treat properly these psychiatric patients with HIV. Effectively, when the Mental Health of Psychiatric patients with HIV are not controlled, the mortality by HIV increases dramatically. Moreover, due to the use of the antiretrovirals and the existence of drug interactions, treating this kind of psychiatric patient is a challenge.

The aim of this work is to present the psychiatric treatments which are available for the psychiatric patients with HIV, after a complete analysis of various scientific articles about this theme.

Having knowledges in this area is important due to the crescent number of cases of HIV and also due to existence of drug interactions which can threaten the safety of these patients.
2028 – EMDR Training For Bosnia-herzegovina Mental Health Workers In Sarajevo As Continuity Of The Building Of Psychotherapy Capacity Aftermath The 1992–1995 War
Authors: Hasanović M. , Morgan S. , Oakley S. , Pajević I.
Published: July 2013

Aim

The Eye Movement Reprocessing and Desensitization (EMDR) is an evidence based intervention in the treatment of psycho-traumatized individuals. Its effectiveness has been validated by extensive research. It outlines in particular an EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Training Programme that took place in Sarajevo University Clinical Centre after the Tuzla University Clinical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BH) in response to 1992-1995 war, in helping to train mental health workers in EMDR to enable them to treat psychological trauma symptoms of war survivors.

Method

Authors described educational process considering the history of idea and its realization through training levels and process of supervision which was provided from the Humanitarian Assistance Program (HAP) of UK &Ireland with non profit, humanitarian approach in sharing skills of EMDR to mental health therapists in BH.

Results

Highly dedicated internationally approved trainers from HAP UK & Ireland provided completed EMDR training for 33 recruited trainees of different professional background from different BH health institutions from different cities and entities in BH. To be accredited EMDR therapists all trainees are obliged to practice EMDR therapy with clients under the supervision process of HAP UK & Ireland supervisors. Because of physical distance between supervisors and trainees, supervision is organized via Skype Internet technology.

Conclusion

Training of Bosnia-Herzegovina mental health workers to effectively use EMDR with enthusiastic help of EMDR trainers from HAP UK&Ireland is continued through the next training organized in Sarajevo and it will increase psychotherapy capacities in postwar BH.
2031 – Analysis Of Nicotinic Receptor Genes In Nicotine Replacement Treatment
Authors: De Luca V. , Zawertailo L. , Kennedy J.L. , Selby P.
Published: July 2013

Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in the form of patches, gum or inhaler is the most popular treatment for quitting smoking. However, NRT is effective for only a fraction of smokers. Therefore, research is needed to maximize the successful treatment of smokers who want to quit. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of inherited genetic variation in the therapeutic response to NRT. The specific aim of this project is to examine the role of genetic variation in the alpha5 nicotine receptor subunit in NRT treatment success or failure. This nicotine receptors are the main sites of action of nicotine that contribute to tobacco dependence. Study subjects were 403 participants in a stop smoking study examining the effectiveness of different types of NRT on smoking cessation. Subjects received 10-weeks of NRT treatment and their quit success was assessed at the end-treatment. The DNA extracted from blood samples was tested for the D398N variation in the gene that encode for the nicotinic receptors α5. We found a slight trend (p = 0.107) for the allele N398 associated with treatment response (44% in quitting group versus 37% in the relapsing group). This study is one of the first to investigate the link between treatment success with NRT and the genetics of nicotine receptor in the Ontario population. This study confirms the link between CHRNA5 and nicotine dependence, however replications in larger samples are necessary to confirm that this marker will provide an evidence-base for individualizing treatment in smoking cessation.
2047 – Suicidal Behaviour In Stress Disorder
Authors: Doherty A.M. , Jabbar F. , Codd M. , Casey P.R.
Published: July 2013

Aims

To examine the predictors of suicidal ideation and self-harm in patients diagnosed with a depressive episode or an adjustment disorder, and to examine any difference in these predictors between the two diagnostic categories.

Methods

Patients referred to the liaison psychiatry services at two Dublin hospitals and diagnosed with either a depressive episode or an adjustment disorder were recruited to this study. They were interviewed at time of diagnosis, and again after six months, with a number of validated instruments to examine levels of suicidality or self-harm and their relationship to depressive symptoms, life events, social functioning and personality factors.

Results

300 patients were recruited to the study, 154 of whom had a diagnosis of an adjustment disorder and the remainder diagnosed with a depressive episode. On univariate analysis there was no significant difference in the rates of suicidal ideation between the diagnoses of depressive episode and adjustment disorder. On logistic regression there were no significant predictors of suicidal ideation in adjustment disorder. A single marital status and low levels of social support were more predictive of suicidality in the subgroup with a diagnosis of depression.

Conclusions

There has been little prior research into the predictors of suicidal behaviour in patients with diagnoses of depression and adjustment disorders. Our finding that social support and marital status are protective against suicidality in this population is in keeping with the literature. The absence of any significant contribution of the severity of depressive symptoms to suicidality was unexpected.
2050 – Developing a New Psycho-oncology Service
Authors: Doherty A.M. , Sheehan J.D.
Published: July 2013

Aims

To examine the referrals to a new Psycho-oncology service (one session per week) in a tertiary referral hospital in north Dublin with a Liaison Psychiatry service, and to examine the challenges and benefits of setting up a specialised psychiatry service for patients with a diagnosis of a malignancy.

Methods

Referrals were taken from any member of the multidisciplinary oncology and haematology teams, as well as from other medical or surgical teams involved in providing medical care to this population. The referrals were examined closely, along with the outcome and the follow up advised.

Results

In the first year of the service, 28 patients were referred to the service and 26 (93%) were seen.18 (64%) were referred as consults during the course of an inpatient admission or while attending the oncology day ward; 10 (36%) were referred as out-patients. Overall 57 appointments were scheduled with an 86% attendance rate. Over the year, the number of referrals gradually increased with time as the service became more widely known. The most common psychiatric diagnoses were depression and adjustment disorder, at 21% each. 54% of patients also had input from the Palliative Medicine service.

Conclusions

It became evident from the referrals that there are substantial psychiatric needs in this population, and this need had been previously unmet. As we established a specialist service, the service uptake was initially slow, but as the service became more widely known in the hospital the number of referrals increased.
2053 – Single Child Families And Conflict Of Families
Authors: Jamshidi B. , Afshar M. , Rastgaran M.
Published: July 2013

Due to the financial crisis during the war between Iran and Iraq, the growth rate of population in Iran decreased from 3.6% to 1.4% in a 20 year period while the age of marriage tended to rise to 25. Most young people preferred to be single and spend their energy on academic studies to have a stable life. For the couples, it became the rule to have only one child so that the parents can support him/her financially or emotionally. There were some benefits for families and society such as the reduction of the number students in the schools and more freedom for wome to work out of the horse. After twenty years, the age mean of population is increasing toward 40 and there is a great generation gap between the elderly and the youth.

On the other hand, most of the children are coming up a new challenge. They suffer from loneliness at home and from lack of verbal communication with siblings. The researches show that the tendency of children to participate in social and group activities has declined to the extent that social presence of children in streets has fallen to one-third. Peer - to- peer relationship in now very limited for children as they must be at home to be supervised by parents. This new life style has had a direct effect on children's personality and academic achievements.
2054 – Phenomenology And How To Translate It To Treatment
Authors: Azorin J.-M.
Published: July 2013

Phenomenology is a multifaceted concept. However it was introduced in Psychiatry by Jaspers as an equivalent of subjective psychopathology, which was an attempt to put order in the experiences reported by psychiatric patients. Since Jaspers, and whatever the matter phenomenology is referring to, one of its most common function is probably to pinpoint the importance of paying attention to patient subjectivity in psychiatric experience. The validity of this approach is not questionable in semiology, nosography, and classification; it helps understand, differentiate and separate clinical data. The psychotherapeutic process is probably the most exemplar illustration of the role played by patient subjectivity in psychiatric experience, and more particularly in psychiatric treatment. However, it could be argued that this role, far from being restricted to the psychotherapeutic area (or some psychotherapeutic methods), is at the forefront in every therapeutic domain, including pharmacotherapy. Of course subjectivity is at stake in patient preference, adherence, and consent but also, more deeply, at the root of what we call « drug response » and the likelihood of healing it may open. We will try to show how attention to patient subjectivity can enlight what « verum » response and « placebo » response may have in common, and how the opposition betwen « efficacy » and « effectiveness » is likely to be related to it. This paves the way to a critique of current pharmacotherapy concepts, and the unique source of “evidence” on which guidelines and recommendations are based.
2057 – Predictors Of Perinatal Depresion: Sociodemographic And Obstetric Factors
Authors: Kitanovic Dmitrovic B. , Gojnic Dugalic M. , Nikolic Balkoski G. , Dmitrovic A.
Published: July 2013

Background

Perinatal depression encompasses major and minor depressive episodes that occur either during pregnancy or within the first 12 months following delivery.

Objective

To screen 213 women for depression symptoms during pregnancy and postpartum at the Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinical Center of Serbia and in the Primary Health Center “Zvezdara”.

Methods

Two thousand thirteen women, without psychiatric history, were screened for depressive symptoms using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Questionnaire that covered key demographic and obstetric information and EPDS, were administered at the third trimester of pregnancy, and 8 weeks postpartum. Women were identified as at high risk for depression if scores were above a cut-off score of twelve.

Results

Twenty one percent of the sample was screened as depression positive during pregnancy. Subsequently, efforts were made to follow-up 195 women with a postnatal EPDS and ten percent were screened positive during postpartum. Risk factors low education level, dissatisfaction with financial situation, high risk pregnancy and depression during pregnancy. Logistic regression with backwards elimination showed that women who had high risk pregnancy have threefold increased risk for postpartum depression; antenatal depressive symptoms tenfold increased risk for postpartum depression.

Conclusion

Clinicians should be aware of the frequency and level of depressive symptoms during pregnancy, especially in countries where screening tool for depression is not applied routinely in obstetrics settings. Therefore, it is very important to identify women at high risk. Be aware that depression is one of the risk factors that complicate pregnancy.
2059 – White Factors And Psychotherapy Of The Manic-depressive Psychosis
Authors: Arce Ross G.
Published: July 2013

Based upon many clinical studies in CHS, CMP and private consulting, we have obtained a new concept on frequent conjunction about manic depressive psychosis. In order to name these factors in such a conjonction, we have used -in principle- white factors, or false mourning. In a second term, we realized that this term could lead us to confusion with the concept of pathlogical mourning, as well as the André Green concept on this, with same name.Therefore, we replace this by white factors, a more operational name.

White factors, are negatives ones, tragical or catastrophics, as well as an erotical loss, a death, a sudden change in way of life, (and) that do not signifies a value of loss of object (but) reactualises empty value because of forclusion of paternal function. White factors is a provisory name (expecting for another more structural name) as they constitute many white spaces, or holes, in the development of the signification chain, organizing dangerously abreaction of subconscious. They produce, in fact, empty spaces engaged to enigmatic experience, where the subject gets more or less accomodation after the catastrophe of his born. However, these factors are not obligatory to be tragic ones, many times they are. Our opinion is that subconscious's reject gets back with strength in each one of white factors connecting, by its intermediary, with the pulsion's side that becomes into death.

We want now study these white factors in the psychotherapy of the manic-depressive states.
2073 – Retinopathy Induced By Zuclopentixol Depot: a Case Report
Authors: Losada C. , López M. , Gutiérrez F. , Guerra M.
Published: July 2013

Neuroleptics constitute an heterogeneus group of drugs used to treat mental illness. As known, long-acting depot neuroleptics receive increasing consideration in the maintenance treatment of individuals diagnosed of schizophrenia with low insight or poor treatment adherence. Zuclopentixol depot is a typical antipsychotic agent. It operates through a mechanism of extended release. It is characterized by antagonizing Dopamine receptors, particulary D2. It also works on alfa1 adrenergic and serotonine 2A receptors. Its effect on histamine H1 receptors is weak, and presents no affinity with cholinergic receptors. The literature reports ocular disorders due to treatment with neuroleptics. Typical antipsychotic can induce degenerative retinopathy which histologically and clinically simillar to primary pigmentary retinitis. Nevertheless, after showing initial interest, clinicians and researches no longer paid enough attention to them. Most of the cases reported are related to Phenotiazine antipsychotic family. Phenotiazines bind to melanin granules and can cause a severe phototoxic retinpathy. We have not found retinal disorders caused by Zuclopentixol in the literature reviewed. Pathogenis involved in retinopathia induced by neuroleptics is still unknown. Neuroleptics operate through a mechanism based on the antagonism of dopaminergic receptors. This blockade may influence the genesis of retinopathy. Several hypothesis emphasized in how neuroleptics, by antagonizing dopaminergic receptors, can influence melanine absortion in the uveal track and choroid. This is the reason why there could be a relation between antidopaminergic mechanism and choroid through the vascular supply.
2074 – Characteristics Of Law Breaking Behaviour In ‘early Intervention In Psychosis’ Patients
Authors: Mehrotra R. , Mukherjee A. , Irving L.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Early Intervention Services (EIS) have a number of objectives including reducing legal harm to individuals suffering from psychosis. There are no standardised practices in the UK.

Objectives

The characteristics of the offending behaviour in an EIS service were profiled using demographic variables, identifying the nature of the offence and reviewing the patient outcomes.

Methods

It was a retrospective audit of case notes. The inclusion criterion was a conviction during the EIS care spell.

Results

12 offenders out of 120 patients were identified.58% of offenders were male.58% had harmful use of alcohol/substances and 8% had dependency.

The most prevalent diagnosis was paranoid schizophrenia (25%) and unspecified psychosis (25%). 17% had substance induced psychosis and 8% had bipolar disorder.

The most prevalent crimes were violence to person (41%), threats to life of others (41%), followed by larceny (33%) and violence to property (17%).

25% were detained in hospital, 8% imprisoned and 33% received community sentences.

There was no change in diagnosis in 91% of offenders after the offence.

There was no change in medication in 75% of offenders. 8% had antipsychotic medication changed, 8% had antidepressant medication added, and 8% had ADHD medication added.

Conclusions

A number of demographic risk variables for offending in an EIS were identified. The offending led to limited responses around diagnosis and interventions. Given the proliferation of EIS worldwide, the issue of managing (and ideally preventing) offending will have wide application. Our study suggests more comprehensive evaluation is needed for developing models of intervention.
2081 – Treatment Of Opiate Addicts With Maintaining Substitution Method Of Buprenorphine/naloxone (suboxone) At The Department Of Psychiatry, Clinical Center Tuzla
Authors: Kuldija A. , Hasanović M. , Pajević I.
Published: July 2013

At the Department of Psychiatry in Tuzla since 29th July 2009 began the treatment program for opiate addicts using buprenorphine/naloxone (Suboxone). The treatment program is organized in Social Psychiatry Unit of Department of Psychiatry as an outpatient program. As the area around Tuzla Canton has no specialized institution for the treatment of opiate addicts and addicts of other psychoactive substances, the process of treatment of these patients is performed as parallel with treatment of all other psychiatric patients and in the rooms of the Department that is primarily intended for the treatment of psychiatric patients. The trained team is engaged in this program, we developed our own, authentic model of treatment based on the latest doctrinal principles. Three years of experiences points to some advantages but also the disadvantages of treating these patients at the Department of Psychiatry. Comorbid psychiatric disorder is treating simultaneosly with drug dependency as chronic relapsing brain disease, because the drug addiction is often associated with other psychiatric disorders. Some addicts are more reluctant to come to treatment because of the stigma of a psychiatric institution. So far, the 158 drug addicts were introduced in the treatment of opiate dependency. This is to show the whole process of treatment of opiate addicts, patient selection, the introduction into the treatment, the course of treatment and the end of a guided contemporary doctrinal principles and postulates of the profession.
2083 – Prevalence Of Unipolar Mania And Evaluation Of The Characteristics In Unipolar And Bipolar Mania In Kerman (iran)
Authors: Ghaffarinejad A. , Mehdizadeh Zare Anari A. , Mirghiasi A.
Published: July 2013

Background

Some study suggest that unipolar mania could be a separate subtype, while there is no unipolar mania listing in DSM. We compared sociodemographic and clinical data of unipolar and bipolar mania.

Methods

In an analytical-observation study,through 850 patients with bipolar I disorder, in 10 years of illness duration, 240 patients were included. We evaluated demographic and clinical information and interview with patients and their families consistent with DSM, then we assessment the comorbidities and other clinical conditions and analysed our data by using the mann-witney test, chi-squar test and fisher exact test.

Results

22.4% of 219 patients presented a course of illness characterized by unipolar manic episodes without history of major or mild depression. When this group was compared with 170 manic patients with a previous history of depressive episodes, we found significant similarities in most demographic, familial, and clinical characteristics. Just positive family history for MDD was higher in bipolar mania significantly (P< 0.005). Unipolar mania group reported more congruent psychotic symptoms (Pv= 0.005). Lastly in unipolar group total number of episodes is less than and manic episodes is more than bipolar. (Pv= 0.005).

Discussion

There is no prominent differences between two groups and inform clinical and psychopathological have common characteristics in unipolar and bipolar mania. So, biologic, physiologic and anatomical bases of unipolar and bipolar mania could be similar. Literature on this topic is still insufficient, and it is necessary to ongoing unipolar manic studies in future.
2084 – Exploratory Quantum Resonance Spectrometer As a Discriminator For Psychiatric Affective Disorders
Authors: Zhang Y. , Liu F. , Shi J.
Published: July 2013

Background

Schizophrenia and mood disorders are chronic forms of mental illness. Quantum resonance spectrometer (QRS) test may be useful as a biological marker for the clinical diagnosis of psychiatric disorders of mental illness.

Objectives

To evaluate reliability and psychiatric clinical value of quantum resonance spectrometer (QRS) in affective disorders detection.

Methods

We studied 1014 schizophrenic patients and 248 patients with mood disorders (including 93 major depression patients). Affective disorder symptoms of same subjects obtained from QRS test and psychiatrists’ diagnoses were compared. Also 3 affective disorder symptoms of renumbered 93 major depressive patients were discriminated using QRS.

Results

Kappa values of affective disorder detection and diagnosed were more than 0.69 in all 3 symptoms of schizophrenia, and more than 0.65 in 6/7 symptoms of mood disorder. Same consistency could also be seen in Pearson R value, and ROC AUC. In the discriminated analysis, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive of hypothymia, anxiety, and irritability detected utilizing QRS are more than 0.66 compared with psychiatrists’ diagnoses.

Limitations

The study is limited by no collected psychiatric rating scale data.

Conclusion

QRS in affective disorder detection seem to have a predictable value for outcome in schizophrenia and mood disorder, would become an objective identification and diagnosis instrument, and might promote psychiatric clinical diagnosis.
2085 – BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism And Anxiety/depression Symptoms In Schizophrenia In Chinese Han Population
Authors: Liu L.
Published: July 2013

Background

Although several lines of evidences suggest that the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, this association remains controversial. Here, we aim to investigate the genetic association between the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and schizophrenia and to explore whether this polymorphism could influence the severity of clinical symptoms in schizophrenia patients in a Chinese Han population.

Methods

Genotyping of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism was carried out in 456 schizophrenia patients and 483 controls by the fluorescence resonance energy transfer method (FRET). The patients’ psychotic symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The general clinical data of schizophrenia patients were analyzed.

Results

There were significant differences in the genotype distribution and allelic frequencies of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism between the schizophrenia group and normal control. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism explained approximately 16% for the variance of anxiety/depression symptoms in schizophrenia patients.

Conclusion

Our data provides evidence that the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism may be involved in the etiology of schizophrenia in Chinese Han population. Furthermore, the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is a significant influencing factor on the severity of anxiety/depression symptoms in schizophrenia patients.
2087 – Gender Inequality, Depression And Job Opportunities
Authors: Roghanian Z. , Moradi M.
Published: July 2013

In most traditional and in-transition societies, the superstition of superiority of men to women has been a great barrier for women's progress in social life. As women have limited job opportunities in these societies, they are always under stress and anxiety get a job to be independent or to keep it in a tight competition with men. The presence of negative competitions at work causes the women to transfer their problems to the house and express their anger form inequality to their husbands and sons. The phrases such as “Men are always the same” or “Men can do but prejudice” at home refer to the negative interactions they have had at work. On the other hand gender inequality for women has a negative feedback and they try to percolate it to the system. The experienced women always make fun of the novice and increase their anxiety. The hierarchy of depression for these novice women became wider and wider at the bottom. This depression and anxiety from losing the job result in different reactions. They don’t mention their mother's status at work as an important thing or the sign of superiority. This paper investigates the psychological effects of gender inequality for women at work and home.
2099 – Clinical Risk Factors For Interpersonal Violence In Adulthood In Suicide Attempters
Authors: Moberg T. , Stenbacka M. , Jönsson E. , Nordström P. , Åsberg M. , Jokinen J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Early environmental risk factors have a role in the development of violent behaviour in adulthood.

Aims

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of childhood trauma, expressed violent behaviour as a child, co morbid personality disorder and substance abuse on self reported interpersonal violence as an adult in suicide attempters.

Methods

A total of 161 suicide attempters were diagnosed with SCID I and II and assessed with the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale (KIVS) measuring exposure to violence and expressed violent behaviour in childhood (between 6-14 years of age) and during adult life (15 years or older). A standard linear regression analyses was conducted with the two predictive KIVS subscales exposure to violence as a child and expressed violent behaviour as a child, Axis 1 mood and anxiety disorder diagnosis, co morbid substance abuse diagnosis, co morbid personality disorder diagnosis, age and gender as predictors of expressed interpersonal violence as an adult.

Results

The regression model was significant with adjusted R square 0.22, F ratio 7.2, DF=7, p< 0.0001. Expressed violent behaviour as a child and personality disorder were significant predictors of expressed interpersonal violence as an adult. Broken down by gender expressed violent behaviour as a child was a significant predictor of violence as an adult in both men and women, whereas exposure to violence as a child and personality disorder predicted violence as an adult only in men.

Conclusions

It is important to take into account expressed violent behaviour in childhood in violence risk assessments.