bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid and high throughput molecular identification of diverse mosquito species by high resolution melting analysis
Authors: Ajamma Yvonne Ukamaka , Mararo Enock , Omondi David , Onchuru Thomas , Muigai Anne W. T. , Masiga Daniel K , Villinger Jandouwe
Published: August 2016

Mosquitoes are a diverse group of invertebrates, with members that are among the most important vectors of diseases. The correct identification of mosquitoes is paramount to the control of the diseases that they transmit. However, morphological techniques depend on the quality of the specimen and often unavailable taxonomic expertise, which may still not be able to distinguish mosquitoes among species complexes (sibling and cryptic species). High resolution melting (HRM) analyses, a closed-tube, post-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method used to identify variations in nucleic acid sequences, has been used to differentiate species within the Anopheles gambiae and Culex pipiens complexes. We validated the use of PCR-HRM analyses to differentiate species within Anopheles and within each of six genera of culicine mosquitoes, comparing primers targeting cytochrome b (cyt b), NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1), intergenic spacer region (IGS) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene regions. HRM analyses of amplicons from all the six primer pairs successfully differentiated two or more mosquito species within one or more genera (Aedes (Ae. vittatus from Ae. metallicus), Culex (Cx. tenagius from Cx. antennatus, Cx. neavei from Cx. duttoni, cryptic Cx. pipiens species), Anopheles (An. gambiae s.s. from An. arabiensis) and Mansonia (Ma. africana from Ma. uniformis)) based on their HRM profiles. However, PCR-HRM could not distinguish between species within Aedeomyia (Ad. africana and Ad. furfurea), Mimomyia (Mi. hispida and Mi. splendens) and Coquillettidia (Cq. aurites, Cq. chrysosoma, Cq. fuscopennata, Cq. metallica, Cq. microannulatus, Cq. pseudoconopas and Cq. versicolor) genera using any of the primers. The IGS and COI barcode region primers gave the best and most definitive separation of mosquito species among anopheline and culicine mosquito genera, respectively, while the other markers may serve to confirm identifications of closely related sub-species. This approach can be employed for rapid identification of mosquitoes.
Do Gender and Business Trainings Affect Business Outcomes? Experimental Evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Bulte Erwin , Lensink Robert , Vu Nhung
Published: August 2016

We use a randomized control trial to evaluate the impact of a business training for female clients of a microfinance institution in northern Vietnam, and we consider the impact on (i) business knowledge, (ii) practices, and (ii) outcomes, as well as (iv) firm entry and exit decisions. In addition, we vary the nature of the intervention by inviting husbands to participate in the trainings for a subsample of our respondents. To gauge both short-term and medium-term effects, we combine data from two separate postintervention surveys. We find evidence of economically substantive impacts on knowledge, practices, and outcomes, and on the extensive margin (entry and exit). We also document that it takes time for the “downstream” outcomes of the trainings to materialize; although we find evidence of medium-term effects, no such evidence exists for the short term. Inviting husbands to participate in the trainings does not affect any of our knowledge or practice measures, but we document weak evidence for differential impact on (agricultural) sales and profits.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2472 .

This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Do Bags Fly Free? An Empirical Analysis of the Operational Implications of Airline Baggage Fees
Authors: Nicolae Mariana , Arıkan Mazhar , Deshpande Vinayak , Ferguson Mark
Published: August 2016

In 2008, the majority of U.S. airlines began charging for the second checked bag, and then for the first checked bag. One of the often cited reasons for this action by the airlines’ executives was that this would influence customers to travel with less baggage and thus improve cost and operational performance. A popular customer belief, however, is that airline departure delays got worse due to an increase and size of customer carry-on baggage. A notable exception to the charging for checked bags trend was Southwest Airlines, which turned their resistance to this practice into a “Bags Fly Free” marketing campaign. Using a publicly available database of the airlines’ departure performance, we investigate whether the implementation of checked bag fees was really associated with better operational performance metrics. At the aggregate level, using all publicly recorded U.S. flights from May 1, 2007, to May 1, 2009, we find that the airlines that began charging for checked bags saw a significant relative improvement in their on-time departure performance in the time periods after the baggage fees were implemented. Surprisingly, we also find that airlines that did not charge for checked bags also saw an improvement, although not as big, when competing airlines flying the same origin-destination city markets implemented the fees. The improvement in on-time departure performance was the largest for flights during peak evening departure time blocks.

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
On the Existence and Uniqueness of Equilibrium in the Bottleneck Model with Atomic Users
Authors: Silva Hugo E. , Lindsey Robin , de Palma André , van den Berg Vincent A. C.
Published: August 2016

This paper investigates the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium in the Vickrey bottleneck model when each user controls a positive fraction of total traffic. Users simultaneously choose departure schedules for their vehicle fleets. Each user internalizes the congestion cost that each of its vehicles imposes on other vehicles in its fleet. We establish three results. First, a pure strategy Nash equilibrium (PSNE) may not exist. Second, if a PSNE does exist, identical users may incur appreciably different equilibrium costs. Finally, a multiplicity of PSNE can exist in which no queuing occurs but departures begin earlier or later than in the system optimum. The order in which users depart can be suboptimal as well. Nevertheless, by internalizing self-imposed congestion costs individual users can realize much, and possibly all, of the potential cost savings from either centralized traffic control or time-varying congestion tolls.
Using Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing Algorithms to Automate the
Evaluation of Clinical Decision Support in Electronic Medical Record Systems
Authors: Szlosek Donald A. , Ferretti Jonathan M.
Published: August 2016

Introduction: As the number of clinical decision support systems incorporated into
electronic medical records increases, so does the need to evaluate their effectiveness.
The use of medical record review and similar manual methods for evaluating decision
rules is laborious and inefficient. Here we use machine learning and natural language
processing (NLP) algorithms to accurately evaluate a clinical decision support rule
through an electronic medical record system and compare it against manual
evaluation.Methods: Modeled after the electronic medical record system EPIC at Maine
Medical Center, we developed a dummy dataset containing physician notes in free text for
3621 artificial patients records undergoing a head computed tomography scan for mild
traumatic brain injury after the incorporation of an electronic best practice approach.
We validated the accuracy of the BPA using three machine learning algorithms (SVC,
DecisionTreeClassifier; KNeighborsClassifier) by comparing their accuracy for
adjudicating the occurrence of a mild traumatic brain injury against manual review. We
then used the best of the three algorithms to evaluate the effectiveness of the BPA and
compared the algorithm’s evaluation of the BPA to that of manual review.Results: The
electronic best practice approach was found to have a sensitivity of 98.8%
(96.83-100.0), specificity of 10.3%, PPV = 7.3%, and NPV = 99.2% when reviewed manually
by abstractors. Though all the machine learning algorithms were observed to have a high
level of prediction, the SVC displayed the highest with a sensitivity 93.33%
(92.49-98.84) , specificity of 97.62% (96.53-98.38), PPV = 50.00, NPV = 99.83. The SVC
algorithm was observed to have a sensitivity of 97.9% (94.7-99.86), specificity 10.30%,
PPV 7.25%, and NPV 99.2% for evaluating the best practice approach, after accounting for
17 cases (0.66%) where the patient records had to be reviewed manually due to the NPL
systems inability to capture the proper diagnosis.Discussion: Evaluation of clinical
decision support systems incorporated into electronic medical records can be achieved in
an automatic fashion by using natural language processing and machine learning
techniques.
Venous thromboembolism after total knee replacement or total hip replacement: what can be learnt from root-cause analysis?
Authors: Benjamin S , Warwick D
Published: August 2016

INTRODUCTION

Because of the high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in total hip replacement (THR) and total knee replacement (TKR), guidelines are used widely to enhance effective (yet safe) prophylaxis. If patients develop VTEs despite use of such guidelines, then the reasons are that the guidelines were: (i) followed but the VTE occurred anyway; (ii) not implemented appropriately. All VTEs are assessed routinely by root-cause analysis (RCA).

METHODS

The records and subsequent RCA reports for each patient who experienced clinically significant VTE after THR or TKR were reviewed. We established adherence to the guidelines (deemed to be ‘unavoidable’ with scope to improve the guidelines) and non-adherence (deemed to be ‘avoidable’ with scope to improve implementation).

RESULTS

Of 2,214 patients undergoing THR (n=1,330) or TKR (n=884), 25 (1.13%) experienced VTE. Four THR patients experienced VTE (2 of which were avoidable) and 21 TKR patients experienced VTE (5 of which were avoidable). There were significantly more VTEs in TKR patients than THR patients (p<0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

A proportion of patients will experience VTE even if guidelines are followed (a baseline effect). Administration of chemical prophylaxis earlier might reduce this baseline effect further. This approach should be taken cautiously with due respect for the alternative risk of bleeding. Improvement in hospital routine may reduce the risk of VTE yet further.
Initial UK experience with transversus abdominis muscle release for posterior components separation in abdominal wall reconstruction of large or complex ventral hernias: a combined approach by general and plastic surgeons
Authors: Appleton ND , Anderson KD , Hancock K , Scott MH , Walsh CJ
Published: August 2016

Introduction

Large, complicated ventral hernias are an increasingly common problem. The transversus abdominis muscle release (TAMR) is a recently described modification of posterior components separation for repair of such hernias. We describe our initial experience with TAMR and sublay mesh to facilitate abdominal wall reconstruction.

Methods

The study is a retrospective review of patients undergoing TAMR performed synchronously by gastrointestinal and plastic surgeons.

Results

Twelve consecutive patients had their ventral hernias repaired using the TAMR technique from June 2013 to June 2014. Median body mass index was 30.8kg/m2 (range 19.0–34.4kg/m2). Four had a previous ventral hernia repair. Three had previous laparostomies. Four had previous stomas and three had stomas created at the time of the abdominal wall reconstruction. Average transverse distance between the recti was 13cm (3-20cm). Median operative time was 383 minutes (150–550 minutes) and mesh size was 950cm2 (532–2400cm2). Primary midline fascial closure was possible in all cases, with no bridging. Median length of hospital stay was 7.5 days (4–17 days). Three developed minor abdominal wall wound complications. At median review of 24 months (18–37 months), there have been no significant wound problems, mesh infections or explants, and none has developed recurrence of their midline ventral hernia. Visual analogue scales revealed high patient satisfaction levels overall and with their final aesthetic appearance.

Conclusions

We believe that TAMR offers significant advantages over other forms of components separation in this patient group. The technique can be adopted successfully in UK practice and combined gastrointestinal and plastic surgeon operating yields good results.
Operative treatment of calcaneal fractures: improved outcomes and low complications rates with a strict management protocol
Authors: Vasukutty N , Kumar V , Diab M , Moussa W
Published: August 2016

This is a retrospective review of 80 intra-articular calcaneal fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation by a specialist team under supervision of a single surgeon in a tertiary centre between 2005 and 2014. The fractures were evaluated with plain radiography and computed tomography, and graded using the Eastwood–Atkins classification. A lateral approach was used and all fractures were fixed with calcaneal plates.

All patients had clinical and radiological follow-up. Clinical assessment included foot and ankle disability index, SF-36® and Kerr–Atkins scores. The mean follow-up duration was 72 months (range: 12–130 months). The mean age of patients was 49 years (range: 17–73 years). There were three open fractures and eight patients had other injuries. The mean Bohler’s angle improved from 6° preoperatively to 26° postoperatively. The mean foot and ankle disability index score was 78.62, the mean SF-36® scores were 45.5 (physical component) and 52.6 (mental component), and the mean Kerr–Atkins score was 72 (range: 36–100).

Early complications included one case of screw protrusion in the subtalar joint (which warranted a repeat procedure), one sural nerve injury and one wound breakdown, which healed with non-operative measures. Twelve patients had symptomatic subtalar joint osteoarthritis. Four of these had subtalar fusion. We believe that our strict protocols of patient selection, intraoperative and postoperative management produced long-term results comparable with those in the peer reviewed literature.
Serious tonsil infections versus tonsillectomy rates in Wales: A 15-year analysis
Authors: Yap D , Harris AS , Clarke J
Published: August 2016

INTRODUCTION

Sore throat and tonsillitis place a significant burden on the National Health Service. National guideline criteria for gauging the severity of sore throat and tonsillitis have reduced the number of tonsillectomies performed, which is thought to have increased the rate of tonsil-related infections.

METHODS

Data was extracted from the prospective Patient Episode Database of Wales and analysed to determine the annual number of tonsillectomies for recurrent tonsillitis, adjusted for population changes. Admissions to acute hospitals for tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess and deep neck space abscesses were also examined.

RESULTS

Between 1999 and 2014, hospital admissions for tonsillitis rose three-fold (r=0.968), while admissions for peritonsillar abscess rose by 48% (r=0.857) and retro or parapharyngeal abscess admissions also increased (r=0.709). In contrast, the number of tonsillectomies per 100,000 population gradually decreased (r=-0.16). There was a positive correlation between the incidence of tonsillitis and admissions for peritonsillar abscess (adjusted r2 0.631; p=0.015) and retropharyngeal abscess (adjusted r2 0.442; p=0.00254). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between the incidence of tonsillitis and the number of tonsillectomies performed (adjusted r2=-0.07; p=0.0235).

CONCLUSIONS

The significant rise in tonsillitis in Wales raises the question as to whether we should revisit the criteria for tonsillectomy. The perceived cost saving from limiting certain procedures should not prevent healthcare policymakers from considering all other evidence. The rise in peritonsillar, retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscess is alarming, as they are associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
Thermal Constraints on Clay Growth in Fault Gouge and Their Relationship with Fault-Zone Evolution and Hydrothermal Alteration: Case Study of Gouges in the Kojaku Granite, Central Japan
Authors: Niwa Masakazu , Shimada Koji , Tamura Hajimu , Shibata Kenji , Sueoka Shigeru , Yasue Ken-Ichi , Ishimaru Tsuneari , Umeda Koji
Published: August 2016

In order to elucidate the process of mineralization of clay minerals in fault gouge and its spatial-temporal relationship with fault-zone evolution and hydrothermal alteration, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and K-Ar dating were performed on clay samples from the Kojaku Granite of central Japan, including fault gouge along an active fault. The area studied is suitable for understanding thermal constraints on clay mineralization because the wall rock is homogeneous and its thermal history well defined. The results from XRD indicated that the clay minerals in the gouge samples are dioctahedral smectite, kaolinite, and 1Md illite, whereas clay fillings in fractures and joints in the intact granite (clay vein) include 2M1 illite in addition to dioctahedral smectite and 1Md illite. The evolution of clay mineralization is reconstructed as follows: (1) high-temperature hydrothermal alteration of feldspar and biotite produced 2M1 illite in clay veins; and (2) alteration accompanied by shearing at a lower temperature resulted in the formation of 1Md illite in the gouges. This scenario is consistent with the cooling history of the granite constrained by fission-track, U-Pb, and K-Ar dating methods. K-Ar dating of the clay samples separated into multiple particle-size fractions indicated that the low-temperature alteration leading to the production of 1Md illite was dated to ~40 Ma. Based on the cooling history of the granite, the 1Md illite formed at temperatures of 60–120°C. This temperature range was at the lower limit of the range reported in previous studies for faults. The spatial and geometrical relation of the faults studied and their K-Ar ages infer evolution which can be described as extensive development of small-scale faults at ~40 Ma followed by coalescence of the small-scale faults to form a larger, recently reactivated, active fault. The K-Ar ages have not been reset by the recent near-surface fault activity.
Radiation-Damage Resistance in Phyllosilicate Minerals from First Principles and Implications for Radiocesium and Strontium Retention in Soils
Authors: Sassi Michel , Rosso Kevin M. , Okumura Masahiko , Machida Masahiko
Published: August 2016

Accidental discharges of the hazardous nuclear fission products 137Cs+ and 90Sr2+ into the environment, such as during the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident, have occurred repeatedly throughout the ‘nuclear age.’ Numerous studies of the fate and transport of 137Cs+ and 90Sr2+ in soils and sediments have demonstrated their strong and selective binding to phyllosilicate clay minerals, primarily by means of cation exchange into interlayer sites. The locally concentrated amounts of these radioactive beta-emitters that can be found in these host minerals raise important questions regarding the long-term interplay and durability of radioisotope—clay associations, which is not well known. The present study goes beyond the usual short-term focus to address the permanence of radioisotope retention in clay minerals, by developing a general theoretical understanding of their resistance to the creation of defects. The present study reports ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) calculations of the threshold displacement energy (TDE) of each symmetry-unique atomic species comprising the unit cell of model vermiculite. The TDE values determined are material specific, radiation independent, and can be used to estimate the probability of Frenkel-pair creation by direct electron—ion collision, as could be induced by the passage of a high-energy electron emitted during the beta-decay of 137Cs, 90Sr, and daughter 90Y. For 137Cs and 90Sr, the calculated probability is ~36%, while for 90Y the probability is much greater at ~89%. The long-term retention picture that emerges is that decay will progressively alter the clay interlayer structure and charge, probably leading to delamination of the clay, and re-release of residual parent isotopes. Further work examining the effect of Frenkel defect accumulation on the binding energy of parent and daughter radionuclides in the interlayer is thus justified and potentially important for accurate long-term forecasting of radionuclide transport in the environment.
Review of Clay-Drug Hybrid Materials for Biomedical Applications: Administration Routes
Authors: Kim Myung Hun , Choi Goeun , Elzatahry Ahmed , Vinu Ajayan , Choy Young Bin , Choy Jin-Ho
Published: August 2016

Focus here is placed on the pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of novel clay-drug hybrid materials categorized by methods of administration. Clay minerals have been used for many years as pharmaceutical and medicinal ingredients for therapeutic purposes. A number of studies have attempted to explore clay-drug hybrid materials for biomedical applications with desired functions, such as sustained release, increased solubility, enhanced adsorption, mucoadhesion, biocompatibility, targeting, etc. The present review attempts not only to summarize the state-of-the-art of clay-drug hybrid materials and their advantages, depending on the methods of administration, but also to deal with challenges and future perspectives of clay mineral-based hybrids for biomedical applications.
“Do amor da castidade, & horror a toda torpeza, com que se deve crear os mininos”: análise do imperativo da inocência infantil em uma obra do Padre Alexandre de Gusmão
Authors: Ripe Fernando
Published: August 2016

Este artigo apresenta uma análise dos enunciados religiosos sobre a castidade infantil presentes na obra Arte de crear bem os Filhos na idade da Puericia. Publicada inicialmente em Portugal no ano de 1685, a obra de autoria do padre jesuíta Alexandre de Gusmão (1629-1724) oferecia um elenco de normativas que definiam como se deveria formar um “perfeito menino”. O conjunto de enunciados que analisamos evidenciam uma espécie de ordenamento moral da sexualidade, que influenciou significativamente o comportamento social da época. Esta operação moralizadora atuava também nos conhecimentos que deveriam ser ensinados, na prescrição de certos ditames práticos da vivência de corte, tidos como legítimos e adequados na construção de discursos que desejam produzir um sujeito infantil casto, puro, inocente. Nesse sentido, o discurso presente no tratado descrito por Gusmão é percebido como evidência e expressão de determinado sentido da infância no contexto da Reforma Católica no final do século XVII, tanto em Portugal, como no seu principal domínio ultramarino.
Que espiritismo é esse? Santa Maria e seus propagandistas
Authors: Mattos Renan Santos
Published: August 2016

O presente trabalho insere-se na pesquisa acerca do processo de organização do Espiritismo na cidade de Santa Maria - RS no contexto de 1930 a 1940. Nesse artigo, exploramos as estratégias de esclarecimento empreendido pelos agentes espíritas junto à população local. Frente a tais objetivos, abordamos inicialmente as questões específicas de disputas religiosas locais, e por fim, buscamos pensar como o Espiritismo se insere no contexto social da cidade do centro do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul.
Why Do Salespeople Quit? An Empirical Examination of Own and Peer Effects on Salesperson Turnover Behavior
Authors: Sunder Sarang , Kumar V. , Goreczny Ashley , Maurer Todd
Published: August 2016

Salesperson turnover can have a negative overall effect on a firm. Research on salesperson turnover has conceptually studied the consequences of voluntary turnover on a firm. However, little empirical research has investigated the antecedents of salesperson turnover—specifically, the role of own effects (relative performance, customer satisfaction, and goal realization) and peer effects (peer performance variance and turnover). Therefore, the authors propose a framework to assess the influence of own factors (through identity theory) and of peer factors (through social identity theory) on salesperson turnover. Using a proportional hazard model implemented on data consisting of 6,727 salespeople over two years, the results suggest that in addition to own behaviors, managers need to pay attention to peer behaviors because peer turnover (voluntary and involuntary) greatly increases a salesperson's turnover probability. Furthermore, the results indicate that peer effects have a greater impact than own effects. This research has implications for sales force management because it helps managers (1) identify a salesperson's turnover risk, (2) diagnose the drivers of turnover behavior, and (3) build strategies to prevent salesperson turnover.
Holoentropy enabled-decision tree for automatic classification of diabetic retinopathy using retinal fundus images
Authors: Mane Vijay Mahadeo , Jadhav D.V.
Published: August 2016

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common diabetic eye disease. Doctors are using various test methods to detect DR. But, the availability of test methods and requirements of domain experts pose a new challenge in the automatic detection of DR. In order to fulfill this objective, a variety of algorithms has been developed in the literature. In this paper, we propose a system consisting of a novel sparking process and a holoentropy-based decision tree for automatic classification of DR images to further improve the effectiveness. The sparking process algorithm is developed for automatic segmentation of blood vessels through the estimation of optimal threshold. The holoentropy enabled decision tree is newly developed for automatic classification of retinal images into normal or abnormal using hybrid features which preserve the disease-level patterns even more than the signal level of the feature. The effectiveness of the proposed system is analyzed using standard fundus image databases DIARETDB0 and DIARETDB1 for sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. The proposed system yields sensitivity, specificity and accuracy values of 96.72%, 97.01% and 96.45%, respectively. The experimental result reveals that the proposed technique outperforms the existing algorithms.
Tame combings and easy groups
Authors: Otera Daniele Ettore , Poénaru Valentin
Published: August 2016

We consider finitely presented groups admitting
0-combings which are both Lipschitz (in the sense of
Thurston) and tame (as defined by Mihalik and Tschantz in [8]).
What we prove is that such groups are easy (and hence
QSF by [11]), in the sense that they admit an easy
representation (that is a map from a 2-complex to a
singular 3-manifold associated to the group, satisfying several
topological conditions with a strong control over singularities).
Besides its own interest, one may also try to adapt the
proof in a wider context, namely for groups admitting tame 1-combings (as in [8]), in
order to prove the easy-representability for a larger class of finitely presented groups (note that there are still no examples of
finitely presented groups which are not tame 1-combable).
Lower bounds for regular genus and gem-complexity of PL 4-manifolds
Authors: Basak Biplab , Casali Maria Rita
Published: August 2016

Within crystallization theory, two interesting PL invariants for d-manifolds have been introduced and studied, namely, gem-complexity and regular genus.
In the present paper we prove that for any closed connected PL 4-manifold M, its gem-complexity

k
⁢

(
M
)

{k(M)}

and its regular genus

𝒢
⁢

(
M
)

{\mathcal{G}(M)}

satisfy

k
⁢

(
M
)

≥

3
⁢
χ
⁢

(
M
)

+

10
⁢
m

-
6

 
and

 

𝒢
⁢

(
M
)

≥

2
⁢
χ
⁢

(
M
)

+

5
⁢
m

-
4

,

k(M)\geq 3\chi(M)+10m-6\quad\text{and}\quad\mathcal{G}(M)\geq 2\chi(M)+5m-4,

where

r
⁢
k
⁢

(

π
1

⁢

(
M
)

)

=
m

{rk(\pi_{1}(M))=m}

.
These lower bounds enable to strictly improve previously known estimations for regular genus and gem-complexity of product 4-manifolds.
Moreover, the class of semi-simple crystallizations is introduced, so that the represented PL 4-manifolds attain the above lower bounds. The additivity of both gem-complexity and regular genus with respect to connected sum is also proved for such a class of PL 4-manifolds, which comprehends all ones of “standard type”, involved in existing crystallization catalogs, and their connected sums.
Ultra-Small Dualband Dualmode Microstrip Antenna Based on Novel Hybrid Resonator
Authors: Zhu Ji-Xu , Bai Peng , Zheng Hao-Zhong
Published: August 2016

A novel hybrid resonator consists of right handed patch+composite right and left handed transmission line (RH+CRLH) is proposed for the first time aiming at both compactness and frequency manipulation. A demonstration with theoretical dispersion relations and EM simulation is provided for the correctness and efficiency. According to the new method, an ultra-small and dualband antenna operating around 2.4 GHz (
Bird Face Microstrip Printed Monopole Antenna Design for Ultra Wide Band Applications
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Jakir , Faruque Mohammad Rashed Iqbal , Islam Md. Moinul , Islam Mohammad Tariqul , Rahman Md. Atiqur
Published: August 2016

In this paper, a novel bird face microstrip printed monopole ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna is investigated. The proposed compact antenna consists of a ring-shaped with additional slot and slotted ground plane on FR4 material. The overall electrical dimension of the proposed antenna is 0.25 λ×0.36 λ×0.016 λ and is energized by microstrip feed line. The Computer Simulation Technology (CST) and the High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS) is applied in this analysis. The impedance bandwidth of the monopole antenna cover 3.1–12.3 GHz (9.2 GHz, BW) frequency range. The messurement displayed that the designed antenna achieved excellent gain and stable omnidirectional radiation patterns within the UWB. The maximum gain of 6.8 dBi and omnidirectional radiation pattern makes the proposed antenna that is suitable for UWB systems.
Glutathione and glutathione derivatives in immunotherapy
Authors: Fraternale Alessandra , Brundu Serena , Magnani Mauro
Published: August 2016

Reduced glutathione (GSH) is the most prevalent non-protein thiol in animal cells. Its de novo and salvage synthesis serves to maintain a reduced cellular environment, which is important for several cellular functions. Altered intracellular GSH levels are observed in a wide range of pathologies, including several viral infections, as well as in aging, all of which are also characterized by an unbalanced Th1/Th2 immune response. A central role in influencing the immune response has been ascribed to GSH. Specifically, GSH depletion in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) correlates with altered antigen processing and reduced secretion of Th1 cytokines. Conversely, an increase in intracellular GSH content stimulates IL-12 and/or IL-27, which in turn induces differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells to Th1 cells. In addition, GSH has been shown to inhibit the replication/survival of several pathogens, i.e. viruses and bacteria. Hence, molecules able to increase GSH levels have been proposed as new tools to more effectively hinder different pathogens by acting as both immunomodulators and antimicrobials. Herein, the new role of GSH and its derivatives as immunotherapeutics will be discussed.
Application of Energy Function as a Measure of Error in the Numerical Solution for Online Transient Stability Assessment
Authors: Sarojkumar K. , Krishna S.
Published: August 2016

Online dynamic security assessment (DSA) is a computationally intensive task. In order to reduce the amount of computation, screening of contingencies is performed. Screening involves analyzing the contingencies with the system described by a simpler model so that computation requirement is reduced. Screening identifies those contingencies which are sure to not cause instability and hence can be eliminated from further scrutiny. The numerical method and the step size used for screening should be chosen with a compromise between speed and accuracy. This paper proposes use of energy function as a measure of error in the numerical solution used for screening contingencies. The proposed measure of error can be used to determine the most accurate numerical method satisfying the time constraint of online DSA. Case studies on 17 generator system are reported.
Reconstruction of local volatility for the binary option model
Authors: Ota Yasushi , Kaji Shunsuke
Published: August 2016

The aim of this paper is to reconstruct local volatility from market prices of binary options.
In the case of the space-dependent volatility, we obtain the stable linearization and the available integral equation to identify local volatility from observable data of binary options.
We achieve the reconstruction of local volatility by numerical simulation.
Biomarkers of spontaneous preterm birth: a systematic review of studies using multiplex analysis
Authors: Polettini Jossimara , Cobo Teresa , Kacerovsky Marian , Vinturache Angela E. , Laudanski Piotr , Peelen Myrthe J.C.S. , Helmer Hanns , Lamont Ronald F. , Takeda Jun , Lapointe Jerome , Torloni Maria Regina , Zhong Nanbert , Menon Ramkumar
Published: August 2016

Objective:

Despite decades of research on risk indicators of spontaneous preterm birth (PTB), reliable biomarkers are still not available to screen or diagnose high-risk pregnancies. Several biomarkers in maternal and fetal compartments have been mechanistically linked to PTB, but none of them are reliable predictors of pregnancy outcome. This systematic review was conducted to synthesize the knowledge on PTB biomarkers identified using multiplex analysis.

Materials and methods:

Three electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science) were searched for studies in any language reporting the use of multiplex assays for maternal biomarkers associated with PTB published from January 2005 to March 2014.

Results:

Retrieved citations (3631) were screened, and relevant studies (33) were selected for full-text reading. Ten studies were included in the review. Forty-two PTB-related proteins were reported, and RANTES and IL-10 (three studies) followed by MIP-1β, GM-CSF, Eotaxin, and TNF-RI (two studies) were reported more than once in maternal serum. However, results could not be combined due to heterogeneity in type of sample, study population, assay, and analysis methods.

Conclusion:

By this systematic review, we conclude that multiplex assays are a potential technological advancement for identifying biomarkers of PTB, although no single or combination of biomarkers could be identified to predict PTB risk.
Going beyond language: Soft skill-ing cultural difference and immigrant integration in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Allan Kori
Published: August 2016

This article traces how a language and soft skills training approach to Canadian immigrant integration emerged with Canada’s shift towards a post-industrial tertiary economy. In this economy, soft skills index characteristics of ideal workers that fit the needs of Canada’s post-Fordist labour regime. It examines how skills’ training is not viewed as overly assimilatory, although skills are recognized as culturally specific, because they are understood to be civic and work related rather than ethno-cultural. This paper argues that the value of soft skills, including communication skills, cannot be straightforwardly accumulated in post-Fordist labour regimes; rather, value is contingently and relationally defined in context-specific events. In such an economy, discrimination against immigrants is pervasive and indefinite, affectively woven into the means of production.
Metasurfaces-based holography and beam shaping: engineering the phase profile of light
Authors: Scheuer Jacob
Published: August 2016

The ability to engineer and shape the phase profile of optical beams is in the heart of any optical element. Be it a simple lens or a sophisticated holographic element, the functionality of such components is dictated by their spatial phase response. In contrast to conventional optical components which rely on thickness variation to induce a phase profile, metasurfaces facilitate the realization of arbitrary phase distributions using large arrays with sub-wavelength and ultrathin (tens of nanometers) features. Such components can be easily realized using a single lithographic step and is highly suited for patterning a variety of substrates, including nonplanar and soft surfaces. In this article, we review the recent developments, potential, and opportunities of metasurfaces applications. We focus primarily on flat optical devices, holography, and beam-shaping applications as these are the key ingredients needed for the development of a new generation of optical devices which could find widespread applications in photonics.
The canonical equations K 66, K 67, K 68 and K 69
Authors: Girko Vyacheslav L.
Published: August 2016

In this paper we apply the REFORM method for the deduction of the system of canonical equations
Two Cases of Hepatosplenic T-Cell Lymphoma in Adolescents Treated for Autoimmune Hepatitis
Authors: Brinkert Florian , Arrenberg Philomena , Krech Till , Grabhorn Enke , Lohse Ansgar , Schramm Christoph
Published: August 2016

We report the first 2 cases of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma in adolescents diagnosed with autoimmune hepatitis under long-term treatment with azathioprine. Patients presented with fatigue, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia. The diagnosis could be confirmed performing biopsies of liver and spleen or bone marrow, which demonstrated infiltration of neoplastic T lymphocytes with the typical phenotype with both markers, CD56+ and TCRγδ+. Thus, these cases emphasize the need to constantly reevaluate the administered dose and duration of thiopurines for autoimmune hepatitis, especially in adolescents.
Reporting Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Births
Authors: Rysavy Matthew A. , Marlow Neil , Doyle Lex W. , Tyson Jon E. , Serenius Frederik , Iams Jay D. , Stoll Barbara J. , Barrington Keith J. , Bell Edward F.
Published: August 2016

Published reports of extremely preterm birth outcomes provide important information to families, clinicians, and others and are widely used to make clinical and policy decisions. Misreporting or misunderstanding of outcome reports may have significant consequences. This article presents 7 recommendations to improve reporting of extremely preterm birth outcomes in both the primary and secondary literature. The recommendations should facilitate clarity in communication about extremely preterm birth outcomes and increase the value of existing and future work in this area.
Título Teste
Authors: Periódicos EDIPUCRS , Teste Autor
Published: August 2016

Abstract Test
Identidad, cohesión y patrimonio: Evolución de las políticas culturales en México
Authors: Ortiz Espinoza Ángeles , Gutiérrez Díaz Mario , Hernández Alba Luis Alberto
Published: August 2016

El presente texto tiene como objetivo hacer una revisión histórica de las estrategias y mecanismos implementados en las políticas culturales en México. El interés de presentar esta breve reseña radica en el deseo de presentar a investigadores, estudiantes y hacedores de política, un punto de partida para el análisis y desarrollo de adecuadas políticas públicas relacionadas con el tema. El documento está dividido en cinco partes, la primera es una breve introducción en la que se exponen los objetivos y los planteamientos del trabajo. En la segunda parte se explica el desarrollo de las políticas culturales en los periodos históricos del México posindependiente y en el porfiriato. En la tercera y en la cuarta parte se hace un análisis de las políticas culturales en la época contemporánea. Por último, se plantean ciertas reflexiones y observaciones con respecto al desarrollo de las políticas culturales en México.
Sensibilidad y políticas de la sensación
Authors: Valdivia Benjamín
Published: August 2016

Las sociedades tienden a mantener identidades basadas en la comunidad de significados culturales, premiando la pertenencia y disuadiendo la divergencia. Para asegurar esas permanencias simbólicas se establecen las políticas culturales, vinculadas fuertemente con la permisión y la prohibición del ejercicio de la sensorialidad, a fin de fortalecer la subsistencia de la tradición. Pero también la sociedad requiere renovaciones de la sensibilidad, lo cual crea contradicciones en las políticas de la sensación, las cuales se plantean y discuten en el presente texto.
Unpacking the public stigma of problem gambling: The process of stigma creation and predictors of social distancing
Authors: Hing Nerilee , Russell Alex M. T. , Gainsbury Sally M.
Published: August 2016

Background and aims

Public stigma diminishes the health of stigmatized populations, so it is critical to understand how and why stigma occurs to inform stigma reduction measures. This study aimed to examine stigmatizing attitudes held toward people experiencing problem gambling, to examine whether specific elements co-occur to create this public stigma, and to model explanatory variables of this public stigma.

Methods

An online panel of adults from Victoria, Australia (N = 2,000) was surveyed. Measures were based on a vignette for problem gambling and included demographics, gambling behavior, perceived dimensions of problem gambling, stereotyping, social distancing, emotional reactions, and perceived devaluation and discrimination. A hierarchical linear regression was conducted.

Results

People with gambling problems attracted substantial negative stereotypes, social distancing, emotional reactions, and status loss/discrimination. These elements were associated with desired social distance, as was perceived that problem gambling is caused by bad character, and is perilous, non-recoverable, and disruptive. Level of contact with problem gambling, gambling involvement, and some demographic variables was significantly associated with social distance, but they explained little additional variance.

Discussion and conclusions

This study contributes to the understanding of how and why people experiencing gambling problems are stigmatized. Results suggest the need to increase public contact with such people, avoid perpetuation of stereotypes in media and public health communications, and reduce devaluing and discriminating attitudes and behaviors.
Demographic analysis of Agave angustifolia (Agavaceae) with an emphasis on ecological restoration
Authors: Arias-Medellín Luis Antonio , Bonfil Consuelo , Valverde Teresa
Published: August 2016

We studied the demography of two populations of Agave angustifolia, one in a preserved tropical dry forest (Xochicalco), and the other one in a pastureland area used for cattle grazing (Tembembe), to test whether populations are likely to thrive on the deteriorated habitats left after cattle ranching. Seed germination and seedling survival experiments were carried out in different natural microsites (i.e. under tree canopies and in open microsites). We built Lefkovitch matrices and carried out prospective (elasticity) and retrospective (Life Table Response Experiments) analyses for both populations. Numerical simulations were performed to project the effect of inflorescences harvest and seedling introduction. Seedling survival and seed germination were highest in Tembembe. Population growth rate was slightly higher in Tembembe (lambda =1.268) than in Xochicalco (lambda =1.208). Prospective and retrospective analyses showed that stasis and growth contributed most to population growth rate and that the differences between the two populations were accounted for a lower fecundity and stasis in Xochicalco compared to Tembembe. Simulations of inflorescence harvest showed that lambda dropped below unity only when all inflorescences were eliminated. The simulated introduction of seedlings produced a substantial rise in lambda. As the lambda values reflect thriving populations at both sites, we suggest that this species could be successfully used in restoration programs.
Biological effect of nanodiamonds and soot on structural and functional conditions of chiken embryo kidneys
Authors: Lavrinenko V. , Tchaikovskyi Yu. , Degtiariova L.
Published: August 2016

The biological impact of nano-sized materials on kidneys of chicken embryos obtained from incubation of eggs from High-Line white was researched. Suspension of nanodiamonds and soot on bio-friendly dextrane was injected into the yolk sac of embryos on the third day of incubation and the condition of kidney tissues on the 14 th and 20 th days of incubation was studied. Under the same conditions as experimental groups the eggs from the control group with injection of pure dextrane were incubated. The alteration effect of both researched materials on excretory organs of the embryo was shown. They cause edema, dystrophy and formation of calcificates. The increase of the kidney channels epithelium area due to proteinosis and edema of epitheliocytes was statistically proved for both experimental groups.
道路桥梁试验检测技术研究
Authors: 葛 德喜
Published: August 2016

道路桥梁检测技术是提高产品质量，促进技术进步不可缺少的手段，要把传统的道路桥梁检测技术和现代信息技术相结合，实现道

路桥梁检测的数字化、图像化、实时化、智能化。为了保证道路桥梁使用的安全和可靠，严格要求道路桥梁的检测工作就显得十分重要与必要。

目前，道路桥梁检测整体发展趋势是由低速、精度低向决速、高效、准确的方向发展，传统的人工检测向高科技自动化检测发展。
建筑结构设计中的安全隐患及提升对策简述
Authors: 丰 云
Published: August 2016

社会的进步和国家经济事业的发展，也使得我国城市建筑和各种公共设施建筑项目越来越多，人们对建筑要求也越来越高，对建筑

结构设计及美观程度的要求也越来越严。由此可见，建筑结构的设计对我国建筑的发展起着深刻的影响，不但影响到建筑的美观，同时也影响到

建筑的安全系数。因此，现在建筑结构设计行业必须要重视这一问题，并仔细查找其出现问题的原因，然后进行改进和改善。
桥梁施工中常见技术问题及解决措施探讨
Authors: 吴 威
Published: August 2016

作为交通设施的重要组成部分，桥梁工程的质量好坏直接关系到行人的人身安全和车辆的正常行驶。施工技术的好坏对于桥梁工程

的施工质量有着极为重要的意义，所以说，在桥梁的施工过程中，要全面把握桥梁施工工序，加强对桥梁施工的质量监督管理，规范桥梁施工技

术，从而有效提高桥梁施工质量。鉴于此，本文对桥梁施工中常见的技术问题及解决措施进行了分析探讨，仅供参考。
市政道路工程试验检测常见问题及解决对策
Authors: 戚 良军
Published: August 2016

公路试验检测技术对于道路质量检查而言，有着至关重要的意义。其不仅可以保证道路的施工质量，而且还能使道路的使用年限得

到延长。公路试验检测技术的首要目的就是提高工程质量，因此一定要确保检测技术的运用可以改进并完善工程质量管理。要更好地发挥公路检

测技术的作用，就要充分了解该技术的核心内容，控制好检测的过程与主要环节。
地铁明挖基坑渗水治理
Authors: 崔 仕云
Published: August 2016

地铁施工中明挖基坑通常采用钻孔灌注桩做围护结构，排桩结构不同于地下连续墙，对基坑侧壁、基底皆无防水作用，因此在基坑

开挖及防水施工过程中出现渗水现象也比较普遍。处理基坑渗水是施工中的一个关键环节，渗水治理不到位将直接影响到施工质量及整体工期，

并且使基坑稳定系数降低，带来安全隐患。在施工过程中能够及时、合理治理好地下水，尤为重要。地下水渗水治理是地铁施工中的一项重要课

题，意义重大，本文根据奥运支线奥体中心站工程施工情况，综合分析了渗漏水的原因，并提出了施工中治理渗漏水现象的综合措施。
高速公路路基施工质量控制要点与对策
Authors: 王 少锋
Published: August 2016

近年来，高速公路的建设越来越受到各界的重视。高速公路的路基工程施工时间长、范围广、涉及的专业技术多而复杂，是高速公

路建设工程的重要组成部分，其施工质量对公路的稳定性、强度、平整度和使用寿命均有着显著的影响。因此在进行路基施工时应严格按照规范

要求进行，确保工程的施工质量。本文阐述了高速公路路基施工质量控制要点及措施，仅供同行参考。
桥梁钢结构吊装施工技术要点探讨
Authors: 曹 国良
Published: August 2016

钢结构施工过程复杂，因此，施工人员必须认真对待，并做好质量控制工作。钢结构的发展势头迅猛，市场前景乐观，随着钢结构

的广泛应用，大型钢结构的技术难度会越来越大，加工、安装精度要求也越来越高，质量问题也会愈来愈受关注。钢结构具有众多优点，如强度高、刚度大等，因此，在建造大跨度和超高、超重型等建筑。本文就对桥梁中的钢结构吊装施工技术的要点作出简要的分析。
市政道路设计应注意的问题分析
Authors: 赵 英达
Published: August 2016

随着城市化进程的不断加快，城市交通拥堵现象也日益严重，因此人们对于城市道路的设计要求也在不断提高。在市政道路工程设

计中，需要考虑到多方面的因素，比如行人、机动车辆、非机动车辆之间的关系等，同时还要对道路的整体进行科学的规划，这样也才能够更好

的满足城市发展的基本需求。故在本文中主要对市政道路设计应注意的问题分别进行了简单的分析与探讨。
水沟电缆槽移动模架在大寨隧道施工中的应用
Authors: 肖 步勇
Published: August 2016

水沟电缆槽作为隧道附属工程，一般都是作为最后一道工序，隧道施工的中后期才开始施做，因此施工工期压力大，而且由于其所在

位置，造成其外观质量直接影响隧道的整体形象，是隧道的形象工程之一，施工要求高。为了使隧道水沟电缆槽一次性施工，不破坏结构整体性，简

化施工工序，加快施工进度，保证结构外观质量，节约工程成本，采用移动模架施工水沟电缆槽，并以贵广铁路大寨隧道水沟电缆槽施工为例，在施

工熟练中运用，快速、高效地服务于高标准铁路隧道施工。经实践证明，使用移动模架施工水沟电缆槽比传统方法更优越、合理、快速、经济。
基于中国地震动参数区划图的地震低烈度区 城市桥梁抗震设计
Authors: 伊 大勇
Published: August 2016

《中国地震动参数区划图》GB18306-2015将于2016年6月1日实施，本文以城市桥梁抗震设计方法为出发点，论述了该区划图的实施对城市桥梁抗震的影响，进而明确了采用新版地震动参数区划图对于城市桥梁抗震设计的重要性。
安装工程中机械设备的安装质量控制要点分析
Authors: 夏 满海
Published: August 2016

在安装工程中，机械设备安装是较为关键的一个步骤，其安装过程是否符合相关规范要求，安装质量是否得到有效控制，对机械

设备自身使用情况与整个工程建设质量都具有巨大的影响。把握机械设备安装过程各阶段质量控制要点，对日后机械设备的正常运转有着重要

的作用。本文从安装工程中机械设备的全过程安装质量控制要点中分析，并探讨加强机械设备安装质量控制的措施。以此保障安装工程中机械

设备的安装质量。
柴油机典型故障的诊断与排除
Authors: 库尔班 艾尼
Published: August 2016

问题总会有相对应的解决办法，柴油机的故障诊断给寻找方法提供了方便。许多对应的方法与物理应用有很大的联系，柴油机启动

困难从声音判断，通过观察知道柴油机产生异常烟气，从温度变化判断柴油机过热。从更多的角度寻找故障的根源，有原则和技巧地去探索故障

排除方法，在解决故障的同时也要考虑人身安全和机器的有效利用。在传统方法和现代方法的结合下，未来的故障诊断和排除会更有创造力，更

有效率。鉴于此，本文对柴油机典型故障的诊断与排除进行了分析探讨。
车用CNG气瓶安装监督检验中的相关问题
Authors: 王 新梅
Published: August 2016

车用气瓶的安装强度对燃气汽车的安全尤其重要，如安装强度不符合要求，气瓶就有随时发生碰撞、泄漏、颠覆等事故的可能，GB

19239-2013《燃气汽车专用装置的安装要求》，GB/T

18437《燃气汽车改装技术要求》，我区相关的DB

65/3358-2011《车用燃气气瓶安装技术条

件》这些标准中都有气瓶安装要求的相关规定。要保证CNG气瓶的安装质量，需要通过气瓶安装单位的资质许可、气瓶安装过程的监督检验以及

办理气瓶注册登记来加强质量控制。