bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polarization‐Driven Self‐Powered Photodetection in a Single‐Phase Biaxial Hybrid Perovskite Ferroelectric
Authors: Liu Xitao , Wang Sasa , Long Peiqing , Li Lina , Peng Yu , Xu Zhiyun , Han Shiguo , Sun Zhihua , Hong Maochun , Luo Junhua
Published: August 2019

Self‐powered photodetection driven by ferroelectric polarization has shown great potential in next‐generation optoelectronic devices. Hybrid perovskite ferroelectrics that combine polarization and semiconducting properties have a promising position within this portfolio. Herein, we demonstrate the realization of self‐powered photodetection in a new developed biaxial ferroelectric, (EA)2(MA)2Pb3Br10 (1, EA is ethylammonium and MA is methylammonium), which displays high Curie temperature (375 K), superior spontaneous polarization (3.7 μC cm−2), and unique semiconducting nature. Strikingly, without an external energy supply, 1 exhibits an direction‐selectable photocurrent with fascinating attributes including high photocurrent density (≈4.1 μA cm−2), high on/off switching ratio (over 106), and ultrafast response time (96/123 μs); such merits are superior to those of the most active ferroelectric oxide BiFeO3. Further studies reveal that strong inversion symmetry breaking in 1 provides a desirable driving force for carrier separation, accounting for such electrically tunable self‐powered photoactive behaviors. This work sheds light on exploring new multifunctional hybrid perovskites and advancing the design of intelligent photoelectric devices.
Chemically Induced Sintering of Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Zheng , Suslick Kenneth S.
Published: August 2019

We have observed solid‐state growth of pre‐existing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) upon exposure to trace (ppb) concentrations of reactive gases at room temperature. The consequent change in localized surface plasmon resonances alters the visible absorbance of dried, printed sensor spots made from inks of 10 nm‐AgNPs and provides a novel mechanism for trace detection and dosimetry of reactive gases. Colorimetric sensor arrays based on these AgNP inks offer dosimetric identification of acidic and oxidizing gases and other reactive vapors with limits of detection below ppb levels for 1 h exposures. For an array of AgNP inks with various capping agents, a unique color response pattern is observed for each specific analyte. Excellent discrimination among 11 reactive gases was demonstrated using standard chemometric methods. The chemically induced sintering of NPs paves the way for novel solid‐state sensors for the ultrasensitive detection of reactive gases and their application to the monitoring of trace airborne pollutants.
Recent Progress in All‐Polymer Solar Cells Based on Wide‐Bandgap p‐Type Polymers
Authors: Zhu Peng , Fan Baobing , Ying Lei , Huang Fei , Cao Yong
Published: August 2019

All‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs), with the photoactive layer exclusively composed of polymers as both donor and acceptor, have attracted growing attention due to their unique merits in optical, thermal and mechanical durability. Through the combined strategies in materials design and device engineering, recently the power conversion efficiencies of single‐junction all‐PSCs have been boosted up to 11 %. This review focuses on the recent progress of all‐PSCs comprising of wide band‐gap p‐type polymers, especially those based on the units of thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6(5H)‐dione], fluorinated benzotriazole, benzo[1,2‐c:4,5‐c′]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione, and pyrrolo[3,4‐f]benzotriazole‐5,7(6H)‐dione. Meantime, several categories of n‐type polymers used to match with these polymer donors are also reviewed. Finally, a brief summary of the strategies of molecular design and morphology optimization is given, and strategies toward further improving performance of all‐PSCs are outlined.
N‐Doped Yellow TiO2 Hollow Sphere‐Mediated Visible‐Light‐Driven Efficient Esterification of Alcohol and N‐Hydroxyimides to Active Esters
Authors: Singha Krishnadipti , Ghosh Subhash Ch. , Panda Asit Baran
Published: August 2019

Herein we report a simple synthetic protocol for N‐doped yellow TiO2 (N‐TiO2) hollow spheres as an efficient visible‐light‐active photocatalyst using aqueous titanium peroxocarbonate complex (TPCC) solution as precursor and NH4OH. In the developed strategy, the ammonium ion of TPCC and NH4OH acts as nitrogen source and structure‐directing agent. The synthesized N‐TiO2 hollow spheres are capable of promoting the synthesis of active esters of N‐hydroxyimide and alcohol through simultaneous selective oxidation of alcohol to aldehyde followed by cross‐dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) under ambient conditions upon irradiation of visible light. It is possible to develop a novel and cost‐effective one‐pot strategy for the synthesis of important esters and amides on gram scale using the developed strategy. The catalytic activity of N‐TiO2 hollow spheres is much superior to that of other reported N‐TiO2 samples as well as TiO2 with varying morphology.
Functional MRI activation patterns of cerebellum in patients with epilepsy and brain tumors
Authors: Zacharia T. Thomas , Eslinger Paul J
Published: August 2019

Function of cerebellum in control and coordination of motor function has been well established for several years. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies reveal activation of cerebellum with memory, speech and language tasks. We hypothesize that during every function in the brain signals are relayed to cerebellum. We seek to analyze cognitive, emotional and social functions of cerebellum in patients with brain tumors and epilepsy utilizing functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Fifty‐one consecutive adult patients who underwent functional MRI examination were retrospectively analyzed for various activation patterns involving cerebellum. The neuropsychological battery of tasks assessed motor, language, memory, visual and auditory functions. Cognitive ability of all participants was assessed by Montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA). Patterns were analyzed for specific lobes and locations in the cerebellum. We found that simultaneous cerebellar activation is a consistent finding with brain activation during every functional MRI task that we tested except visual task. The patterns of functional MRI cerebellar activation were similar in both patient subgroups and control subjects compared to previously described patterns in normal subjects. Clin. Anat. 32:1053–1060, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sex and Height Influence Neck Posture When Using Electronic Handheld Devices
Authors: Yoakum Caitlin B. , Romero Ashly N. , Latham Courtney , Douglas Ethan C. , Gallagher Kaitlin M. , Terhune Claire E.
Published: August 2019

With increased tablet ownership in the United States comes increased levels of neck flexion compared to desktop or laptop computer use, and these neck postures have been linked to increases in neck pain. Importantly, tablet viewing postures can be achieved in multiple ways and could be determined by the morphology of the individual and/or other extraneous factors. In this study, we aim to preliminarily evaluate how neck postures vary during tablet use among individuals and link this variation to other factors such as sex, height, weight, presence/absence of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD), and morphology of the head and neck. We analyzed two‐dimensional landmarks placed on lateral‐view radiographs of 22 participants (10 female and 12 male) seated in neutral, upright, fully flexed, semi‐reclined, and reclined postures. We utilize geometric morphometric techniques, which are advantageous for evaluating shape variation and have not been extensively applied to biomechanical analyses. We found skeletal morphology to be significantly related to sex and height in all but the neutral posture (P < 0.05), and weight was marginally significantly related to shape in the semi‐reclined posture (P = 0.047). Morphologically, male participants exhibited more flexion at the articulatio atlantooccipitalis than females, and females showed greater mandibular protrusion than males, although this result is likely related to height. No relationship was found between posture and TMD. This research establishes a framework for future work that uses geometric morphometric analyses to evaluate how neck postures vary in relation to TMD. Clin. Anat. 32:1061–1071, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reticular Chemistry of Uranyl Phosphonates: Sterically Hindered Phosphonate Ligand Method is Significant for Constructing Zero‐Dimensional Secondary Building Units
Authors: Wang Yi , Wang Xiangxiang , Huang Yan , Zhou Fan , Qi Chao , Zheng Tao , Li Jiansheng , Chai Zhifang , Wang Shuao
Published: August 2019

Designability is an attractive feature for metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and essential for reticular chemistry, and many ideas are significantly useful in the carboxylate system. Bi‐, tri‐, and tetra‐topic phosphonate ligands are used to achieve framework structures. However, an efficient method for designing phosphonate MOFs is still on the way, especially for uranyl phosphonates, owing to the complicated coordination modes of the phosphonate group. Uranyl phosphonates prefer layer or pillar‐layered structures as the topology extension for uranyl units occurs in the plane perpendicular to the linear uranium‐oxo bonds and phosphonate ligands favor the formation of compact structures. Therefore, an approach that can construct three‐dimensional (3D) uranyl phosphonate MOFs is desired. In this paper, a sterically hindered phosphonate ligand method (SHPL) is described and is successfully used to achieve 3D framework structures of uranyl phosphonates. Four MOF compounds ([AMIM]2(UO2)(TppmH4)⋅H2O (UPF‐101), [BMMIM]2(UO2)3(TppmH4)2⋅H2O (UPF‐102), [Py14]2(UO2)3(TppmH4)2⋅3 H2O (UPF‐103), and [BMIM](UO2)3(TppmH3)F2⋅2 H2O (UPF‐104); [AMIM]=1‐allyl‐3‐methylimidazolium, [BMMIM]=1‐butyl‐2,3‐dimethylimidazolium, [Py14]=N‐butyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium, and [BMIM]=1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium) are obtained by ionothermal synthesis, with zero‐dimensional nodes of uranyl phosphonates linked by steric tetra‐topic ligands, namely tetrakis[4‐(dihyroxyphosphoryl)phenyl]methane (TppmH8), to give 3D framework structures. Characterization by PXRD, UV/Vis, IR, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry (TG) were also performed.
Zwitterionic Mixed Valence: Internalizing Counteranions into a Biferrocenium Framework toward Molecular Expression of Half‐Cells in Quantum Cellular Automata
Authors: Tahara Keishiro , Terashita Nazuna , Tokunaga Ken , Yabumoto Shiomi , Kikuchi Jun‐ichi , Ozawa Yoshiki , Abe Masaaki
Published: August 2019

Realization of molecular quantum cellular automata (QCA), a promising architecture for molecular computing through current‐free processes, requires improved understanding and application of mixed‐valence (MV) molecules. In this report, we present an electrostatic approach to creating MV subspecies through internalizing opposite charges in close proximity to MV ionic moieties. This approach is demonstrated by unsymmetrically attaching a charge‐responsive boron substituent to a well‐known organometallic MV complex, biferrocenium. Guest anions (CN− and F−) bind to the Lewis acidic boron center, leading to unusual blue‐shifts of the intervalence charge‐transfer (IVCT) bands. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported example of a zwitterionic MV series in which the degree of positive charge delocalization can be varied by changing the bound anions, and serves to clarify the interplay between IVCT parameters. The key underlying factor is the variable zero‐level energy difference in the MV states. This work provides new insight into imbuing MV molecules with external charge‐responsiveness, a prerequisite of molecular QCA techniques.
Defective [Bi2O2]2+ Layers Exhibiting Ultrabroad Near‐Infrared Luminescence
Authors: Li Hong , Jia Xiao‐Fang , Zhao Qing , Ma Ju‐Ping , Liu Jian‐Dang , Ye Bang‐Jiao , Kuroiwa Yoshihiro , Moriyoshi Chikako , Li Zhi‐Yong , Liu Qi , Zhang Jun‐Ying , Sun Hong‐Tao
Published: August 2019

Aurivillius phases have been routinely known as excellent ferroelectrics and have rarely been deemed as materials that luminesce in the near‐infrared (NIR) region. Herein, it is shown that the Aurivillius phases can demonstrate broadband NIR luminescence that covers telecommunication and biological optical windows. Experimental characterization of the model system Bi2.14Sr0.75Ta2O9−x, combined with theoretical calculations, help to establish that the NIR luminescence originates from defective [Bi2O2]2+ layers. Importantly, the generality of this finding is validated based on observations of a rich bank of NIR luminescence characteristics in other Aurivillius phases. This work highlights that incorporating defects into infinitely repeating [Bi2O2]2+ layers can be used as a powerful tool to space‐selectively impart unusual luminescence emitters to Aurivillius‐phase ferroelectrics, which not only offers an optical probe for the examination of defect states in ferroelectrics, but also provides possibilities for coupling of the ferroelectric property with NIR luminescence.
Evaluation of pyrolysis residue of oil sludge for recycling as bed material
Authors: Li Qiaohong , Gao Yuan , Ji Guozhao , Chen Chuanshuai , Li Aimin
Published: August 2019

Pyrolysis is an appealing technique to convert oil sludge into valuable products such as gaseous and liquid fuels, however, there is lack of research on the use of solid residue after sludge pyrolysis. This work investigated the possibility of recycling solid residue as bed material for the pyrolysis process. The thermogravimetric analysis of the raw sludge in both the pyrolysis condition and combustion condition found that part of the heavy organic compounds in the oil sludge was difficult to recover by pyrolysis, though could be combusted easily in the presence of oxygen. Therefore, by leaving the heavy compound in the solid residue, the solid residue can be self‐heated by combustion and cycled to the pyrolysis process to enhance heat transfer and catalysis. A series of pyrolysis residues at varies temperatures and holding times were collected after pyrolyzing oil sludge in this study. To examine whether there is sufficient potential heat remaining in the pyrolytic residue, the residue was further investigated by FTIR, proximate, ultimate analysis, and TGA in air to study the combustion characteristics and combustion kinetics. Higher pyrolysis temperature and longer pyrolysis time resulted in more ash and fixed carbon in the residue, though less volatile matter. Residue pyrolyzed at a lower temperature was easier to combust and showed lower combustion activation energy, though the recovery of organic fuel was not significant. Pyrolysis time had very minor effect on the solid residue combustion behaviour. It is more appropriate to control the residue property by governing the pyrolysis temperature.
Functional regeneration of tissue engineered skeletal muscle in vitro is dependent on the inclusion of basement membrane proteins
Authors: Fleming Jacob W. , Capel Andrew J. , Rimington Rowan P. , Player Darren J. , Stolzing Alexandra , Lewis Mark P.
Published: August 2019

Skeletal muscle has a high regenerative capacity, injuries trigger a regenerative program which restores tissue function to a level indistinguishable to the pre‐injury state. However, in some cases where significant trauma occurs, such as injuries seen in military populations, the regenerative process is overwhelmed and cannot restore full function. Limited clinical interventions exist which can be used to promote regeneration and prevent the formation of non‐regenerative defects following severe skeletal muscle trauma. Robust and reproducible techniques for modelling complex tissue responses are essential to promote the discovery of effective clinical interventions. Tissue engineering has been highlighted as an alternative method, allowing the generation of three‐dimensional in vivo like tissues without laboratory animals. Reducing the requirement for animal models promotes rapid screening of potential clinical interventions, as these models are more easily manipulated, genetically and pharmacologically, and reduce the associated cost and complexity, whilst increasing access to models for laboratories without animal facilities. In this study, an in vitro chemical injury using barium chloride is validated using the C2C12 myoblast cell line, and is shown to selectively remove multinucleated myotubes, whilst retaining a regenerative mononuclear cell population. Monolayer cultures showed limited regenerative capacity, with basement membrane supplementation or extended regenerative time incapable of improving the regenerative response. Conversely tissue engineered skeletal muscles, supplemented with basement membrane proteins, showed full functional regeneration, and a broader in vivo like inflammatory response. This work outlines a freely available and open access methodology to produce a cell line‐based tissue engineered model of skeletal muscle regeneration.
Mushroom bodies in Reptantia reflect a major transition in crustacean brain evolution
Authors: Strausfeld Nicholas J. , Sayre Marcel E.
Published: August 2019

Brain centers possessing a suite of neuroanatomical characters that define mushroom bodies of dicondylic insects have been identified in mantis shrimps, which are basal malacostracan crustaceans. Recent studies of the caridean shrimp Lebbeus groenlandicus further demonstrate the existence of mushroom bodies in Malacostraca. Nevertheless, received opinion promulgates the hypothesis that domed centers called hemiellipsoid bodies typifying reptantian crustaceans, such as lobsters and crayfish, represent the malacostracan cerebral ground pattern. Here, we provide evidence from the marine hermit crab Pagurus hirsutiusculus that refutes this view. P. hirsutiusculus, which is a member of the infraorder Anomura, reveals a chimeric morphology that incorporates features of a domed hemiellipsoid body and a columnar mushroom body. These attributes indicate that a mushroom body morphology is the ancestral ground pattern, from which the domed hemiellipsoid body derives and that the “standard” reptantian hemiellipsoid bodies that typify Astacidea and Achelata are extreme examples of divergence from this ground pattern. This interpretation is underpinned by comparing the lateral protocerebrum of Pagurus with that of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii and Orconectes immunis, members of the reptantian infraorder Astacidea.
The Branching‐Ruin Number and the Critical Parameter of Once‐Reinforced Random Walk on Trees
Authors: Collevecchio Andrea , Kious Daniel , Sidoravicius Vladas
Published: August 2019

The motivation for this paper is the study of the phase transition for recurrence/ transience of a class of self‐interacting random walks on trees, which includes the once‐reinforced random walk. For this purpose, we define a quantity, which we call the branching‐ruin number of a tree, which provides (in the spirit of Furstenberg [11] and Lyons [13]) a natural way to measure trees with polynomial growth. We prove that the branching‐ruin number of a tree is equal to the critical parameter for the recurrence/transience of the once‐reinforced random walk. We define a sharp and effective (i.e., computable) criterion characterizing the recurrence/transience of a larger class of self‐interacting walks on trees, providing the complete picture for their phase transition. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Palladium Nanoparticles on a Creatine‐Modified Bentonite Support: An Efficient and Sustainable Catalyst for Nitroarene Reduction
Authors: Gholinejad Mohammad , Rasouli Zahra , Najera Carmen , Sansano José M.
Published: August 2019

Creatine as the nitrogen‐rich, green and cheap compound is used for modification of natural bentonite and the resulting material is employed for the stabilization of Palladium nanoparticles having an average diameter of 3 nm. This new material bento‐crt@Pd is characterized using different techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), solid state UV‐vis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). This green catalyst promotes efficient reduction of aromatic nitro compounds in aqueous media. By using this catalyst nitroarenes having electron donating as well as electron withdrawing groups were reduced efficiently to their corresponding amines at room temperature. The catalyst can be recycled seven times and the reused catalyst was characterized by TEM and XPS.
Complex DDI by Fenebrutinib and the Use of Transporter Endogenous Biomarkers to Elucidate the Mechanism of DDI
Authors: Jones Nicholas S. , Yoshida Kenta , Salphati Laurent , Kenny Jane R. , Durk Matthew R. , Chinn Leslie W.
Published: August 2019

Mechanistic understanding of complex clinical drug–drug interactions (DDIs) with potential involvement of multiple elimination pathways has been challenging, especially given the general lack of specific probe substrates for transporters. Here, we conducted a clinical DDI study to evaluate the interaction potential of fenebrutinib using midazolam (MDZ; CYP3A), simvastatin (CYP3A and OATP1B), and rosuvastatin (BCRP and OATP1B) as probe substrates. Fenebrutinib (200 mg) increased the area under the curve (AUC) of these probe substrates twofold to threefold. To evaluate the mechanism of the observed DDIs, we measured the concentration of coproporphyrin I (CP‐I) and coproporphyrin III (CP‐III), endogenous biomarkers of OATP1B. There was no change in CP‐I or CP‐III levels with fenebrutinib, suggesting that the observed DDIs were caused by inhibition of CYP3A and BCRP rather than OATP1B, likely due to increased bioavailability. This is the first published account using an endogenous transporter biomarker to understand the mechanism of complex DDIs involving multiple elimination pathways.
Quantifying resistance and resilience to local extinction for conservation prioritization
Authors: Donaldson Lynda , Bennie Jonathan J. , Wilson Robert J. , Maclean Ilya M. D.
Published: August 2019

Species‐focused conservation planning is often based on reducing local extinction risk at key sites. However, with increasing levels of habitat fragmentation and pressures from climate change and overexploitation, surrounding landscapes also influence the persistence of species populations, and their effects are increasingly incorporated in conservation planning and management for both species and communities. Here, we present a framework based on metapopulation dynamics in fragmented landscapes, for quantifying the survival (resistance) and reestablishment of species populations following localized extinction events (resilience). We explore the application of this framework to guide the conservation of a group of threatened bird species endemic to papyrus (Cyperus papyrus) swamps in East and Central Africa. Using occupancy data for five species collected over two years from a network of wetlands in Uganda, we determine the local and landscape factors that influence local extinction and colonization, and map expected rates of population turnover across the network to draw inferences about the locations that contribute most to regional resistance and resilience for all species combined. Slight variation in the factors driving extinction and colonization between individual papyrus birds led to species‐specific differences in the spatial patterns of site‐level resistance and resilience. However, despite this, locations with the highest resistance and/or resilience overlapped for most species and reveal where resources could be invested for multispecies persistence. This novel simplified framework can aid decision making associated with conservation planning and prioritization for multiple species residing in overlapping, fragmented habitats; helping to identify key sites that warrant urgent conservation protection, with consideration of the need to adapt and respond to future change.
Complex regional pain syndrome: An international survey of clinical practice
Authors: Grieve Sharon , Llewellyn Alison , Jones Louise , Manns Sarah , Glanville Victoria , McCabe Candida S.
Published: August 2019

Background

Published guidelines promote best practice in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) treatment and management; however, these recommendations are not always applied in clinical practice. Understanding existing care internationally will help inform future patient and health professional service delivery, education initiatives and content of clinical guidelines.

Methods

An e‐survey was conducted in order to gain an insight into routine CRPS clinical practice. Health professionals and academics, from the field of CRPS, were recruited from an international population. Quantitative and qualitative data were elicited. Data were mapped onto a framework to identify macro‐regional factors.

Results

Of the 260 survey respondents, 96% (n = 241) provided clinical care for people with CRPS, with academics not involved in patient care also responding. Half of respondents expressed difficulty in recognizing the symptoms of CRPS but treatment aims corresponded with published guidelines. However, a lack of resources and fragmented care were reported as barriers to early intervention. Service constraints were most frequently reported by European respondents. Five themes emerged from the qualitative data: the benefit of interdisciplinary working; the importance of symptom management; need for early diagnosis and intervention; establishing a collaborative partnership with patients; the value of education for patients and health professionals.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that more work is required to raise awareness of the Budapest CRPS diagnostic criteria so as to promote early diagnosis and intervention. Future work to optimize clinical effectiveness should consider enhancing interdisciplinary service delivery that encourages a collaborative patient/clinician partnership; includes excellent patient education; and addresses modifiable patient‐related factors.

Significance

Health professionals expressed some level of difficulty recognizing the signs and symptoms of CRPS despite the majority of health professionals having had clinical experience exceeding 6 years in the field of CRPS.

More work is required to raise awareness amongst clinicians of the Budapest CRPS diagnostic criteria so as to promote early diagnosis and intervention

Health professionals' treatment aims reflected the current clinical guidelines however, a lack of resources and fragmented care were frequently cited as barriers to achieving these.
Whole‐body reversible neuropathic pain associated with right parieto‐temporal operculum single inflammatory lesion in a patient with multiple sclerosis: A case report
Authors: Poncet‐Megemont Louis , Dallel Radhouane , Chassain Carine , Perrey Antoine , Mathais Sophie , Clavelou Pierre , Moisset Xavier
Published: August 2019

Background

The posterior insula and the medial parietal operculum (PIMO) are part of the pain network. Pain can be induced by direct stimulation of the PIMO, but the clinical consequence of lesions in this brain area is not well known.

Case report

We report the case of a patient with multiple sclerosis who presented a relapse characterized by isolated widespread neuropathic pain. The MRI displayed a single new inflammatory lesion in the juxta cortical white matter of the opercular region. This lesion was extended to the parietal operculum and was associated with the pain syndrome. The patient was treated with high‐dose intravenous methylprednisolone, and the pain disappeared progressively. Diffusion‐tensor MRI showed that some of the fibres passing through the lesion ended in the PIMO.

Conclusion

Based on diffusion‐tensor MRI we hypothesize that the partial disconnection from afference to the PIMO can lead to widespread neuropathic pain.

Significance

Most of the data concerning the functional role of the PIMO come from stereoelectroencephalography in presurgical evaluation of epilepsy, or from functional imaging (PET or fMRI). There is, however, very few data on the consequences of the lesion of the PIMO. Here, we report the first case of a transient widespread pain syndrome associated to a single, small and reversible inflammatory lesion of the PIMO. Thus, this case highlights the key role of the PIMO in spatial perception of pain.
Pain inhibitory mechanisms and response to weak analgesics in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Petersen Kristian Kjær , Simonsen Ole , Olesen Anne Estrup , Mørch Carsten Dahl , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars
Published: August 2019

Background

Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and offset analgesia are different features of descending pain inhibition. This study investigated CPM, offset analgesia and clinical pain measures in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) before and after treatment with the combination of a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) plus acetaminophen.

Methods

Forty‐two patients with KOA received Ibuprofen 1.2 g/daily and acetaminophen 3.0 g/daily for three weeks. Before administration, CPM magnitude was assessed as the difference between cuff pain detection (cPDT) with and without a conditioning stimulus (evoked by tourniquet pain). Offset analgesia was assessed as the pain intensities evoked by a constant 46°C for 30‐s stimulus compared to an offset analgesia paradigm of 46°C for 5‐s, 47°C for 5‐s and 46°C for 20‐s. The worst pain within the last 24‐hr and pain during activity were assessed before and after treatment.

Results

Clinical pain significantly decreased after treatment (p < 0.001) and less efficient CPM before treatment was associated with weaker analgesic effect (R = 0.354, p = 0.043). No significant modulation of CPM or offset analgesia was found for the treatment.

Conclusion

This study found that less efficient CPM is associated with reduced analgesic effect of NSAIDs plus acetaminophen in patients with KOA whereas the treatment did not modulate CPM nor offset analgesia magnitude.

Significance

This study demonstrated that conditioned pain modulation is correlated with the response to a standard pharmaceutical interventions treating osteoarthritis pain. Furthermore, we demonstrated that a decrease in clinical pain intensity is not associated with a normalization of conditioned pain modulation or offset analgesia, which questions if restoring these descending pain inhibitory mechanisms are pain intensity driven.
Bismuth Sulfide–Integrated Carbon Derived from Organic Ligands as a Superior Anode for Sodium Storage
Authors: Chai Wenwen , Yin Weihao , Wang Ke , Ye Wenkai , Li Xiaochun , Tang Bohejin , Rui Yichuan
Published: August 2019

Bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) as a potential Na‐storage material relies upon its special layered structure and high volumetric capacity. However, the electrochemical activity of pure Bi2S3 is greatly limited during the sodiation/desodiation process. The integration of Bi2S3 with reduced graphene and a particular carbon is explored to acquire active composite anodes for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). This special carbon is based on trimesic acid (H3BTC) as a carbon source, which effectively prevents the aggregation of Bi2S3 particles in the synthesis process. Compared with other carbon sources, this type of carbon source is more likely to diffuse into the interior of the precursor hole. Hence, the Bi2S3/C indicates higher reversible capacities (368 and 314 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles and 200 cycles at 100 mA g−1) than bare Bi2S3 or Bi2S3@RGO. Thus, Bi2S3/C is considered as a prospective electrode material for rechargeable batteries.
Instantaneous squared VIX and VIX derivatives
Authors: Luo Xingguo , Zhang Jin E. , Zhang Wenjun
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we propose a parsimonious and efficient model to price derivatives written on VIXs with different horizons. Our model is built on Luo and Zhang's (2012, J Futures Markets, 32, 1092–1123) concept of the instantaneous squared VIX (ISVIX) that is the sum of instantaneous diffusive and jump variances of the SPX return. Modeling the ISVIX as a mean‐reverting jump‐diffusion process with a stochastic long‐term mean, we obtain analytical formulas for VIX options and futures. Estimation with VIX term structure and calibration with VIX options data show that our model performs well in matching both time series and cross‐sectional VIX derivatives market prices.
Does maturity matter? The case of treasury futures volume
Authors: Chichernea Doina , Huang Kershen , Petkevich Alex
Published: August 2019

We find that Treasury futures volume contains information about future economic and financial market conditions. Short‐ and long‐term volumes are economically different: A relatively higher volume in short‐term (long‐term) Treasury futures is counter‐cyclical (procyclical), preceding worse (better) economic and financial conditions. Further, we construct a single factor from futures volumes of different maturities that forecasts the performances of Treasury securities and the corporate debt and equity markets, as well as macroeconomic conditions. Our results are consistent with the notion that futures volumes from different market segments reflect differences in beliefs and contain different information about future financial and economic activity.
Thunderstorm occurrence at ten sites across Great Britain over 1884–1993
Authors: Valdivieso Maria , Owens Mathew J. , Scott Chris J. , Hawkins Ed , Burt Stephen , Craig Philip
Published: August 2019

The UK Met Office's Daily Weather Reports (DWR) contain extensive logs of UK thunderstorm activity. To date, only a very small fraction of these data have been digitized as part of the MIDAS dataset, and exclusively after 1950. Using the recently‐scanned UK Met Office Monthly Weather Reports (MWR), which are based on a subset of the observations that form the DWR, we here provide digitized data and a summary of thunderdays from 10 long‐running British stations over the period 1884–1993. The data are presented ‘as is’, with no attempt to provide any corrections or calibration. For 4 of the 10 stations, thunderday observations were discontinued at various times between 1949 and 1964, and it is necessary to switch to a neighbouring station in order to continue the series. Approximately half the series exhibit sharp drops in thunderdays at various points between 1960 and 1990, although none are coincident with known station changes. Comparison with nearby MIDAS stations suggests the low thunderdays are the result of changes in observing practice, rather than genuine changes in thunderstorm occurrence. These potential data issues limit interpretation of the long‐term trends. However, it can nevertheless be concluded that none of the stations show the expected increase in thunderdays as a result of the rise in surface temperature over the 20th century. In order to provide more quantitative determination of the long‐term trends in thunderstorm occurrence, we advocate further digitization efforts to recover the data from the numerous stations in the MWRs, and subsequent analysis of the common signals across neighbouring stations.
Paaliup Qarmangit 1 site geoarchaeology: Taphonomy of a Thule‐Inuit semi‐subterranean dwelling in a periglacial context in northeastern Hudson Bay
Authors: Barbel Héloïse , Bhiry Najat , Todisco Dominique , Desrosiers Pierre , Marguerie Dominique
Published: August 2019

A multidisciplinary geoarchaeological investigation was performed at Paaliup Qarmangit 1 site (JjGj‐14), located in a valley affected by periglacial processes in Nunavik, Canada. A taphonomic approach was carried out to document site formation processes on the site of a single‐family semi‐subterranean winter Thule‐Inuit house. Off‐site geomorphological and stratigraphical analyses enabled us to reconstruct the sedimentary environment in the valley since the last glaciation. Valley shoreline sediments deposited during the marine regression were reworked by eolian, runoff, and periglacial processes. The site was first used by Dorset people after 143‐327 cal A.D. and then by the Thule‐Inuit between 1317–1413 cal A.D. and 1466–1642 cal A.D. Strategic features of the site, such as the availability of building material, food, and water resources may explain its sucessive use by two different cultures. On‐site, stratigraphical, micromorphological, and macrofossil analyses showed the predominance of niveo‐eolian and nivation processes in landscape and site formations. The archaeological record reveals the action of niveo‐eolian processes throughout the Medieval Climatic Optimum and the Little Ice Age, likely due to local factors, site location, and the bowl‐shape of the semi‐subterranean house. Macrofossil data and radiocarbon dating indicate postdepositional natural and/or anthropogenic reworking of Dorset artefacts.
Clinician perception of a novel cardiovascular lifestyle prescription form in the primary and secondary care setting in Wales, UK
Authors: Cornell Samuel , Gould Ashley , Ellis Gethin R. , Kenkre Joyce , Williams E Mark
Published: August 2019

Issues addressed

To establish the views of clinicians on the feasibility and effectiveness of using a novel lifestyle prescription form (LRx) which requires co‐signing by clinician and patient and is uniquely based on the design of the standard drug prescription form, in the primary and secondary health care settings.

Methods

Thirty‐six participants were issued with a “prescription” pad, of 20 LRx scripts, for 1 month and requested to issue an LRx prescription to patients they deemed suitable during their consultation, recording their reason for use of the LRx. Each clinician was then asked to complete a comprehensive feedback questionnaire.

Results

Feedback of the LRx was overwhelmingly positive. The script was viewed as a more effective way to convey and support cardiovascular lifestyle advice, than usual care. Forty per cent (196 of 480) of the LRx scripts that were provided to primary and secondary care clinicians during the study period were issued. In most consultations, the LRx script was issued to reaffirm dietary advice. Nurses and health care assistants were more likely than doctors to use the LRx in response to a request for lifestyle advice from a patient.

Conclusions

The LRx may be a useful addition to the clinician's communication toolkit to stimulate lifestyle behaviour changes in their patients. The main barrier to use in the study was lack of consultation time.

So what?

Issuing the LRx is a method of solidifying lifestyle advice that clinicians could utilise, providing them with another tool in their behaviour change arsenal, particularly with familiarity with the tool.
Exploring the heat transfer performance of nanofluid as a coolant for power battery pack
Authors: Xu Xiaoqin , Xiao Tianli , Chen Shumei , Lin Shaoyi
Published: August 2019

Nanofluids with high thermal conductivity coefficient are introduced to the thermal management system of power battery packs for electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. Two typical cooling structures of cylindrical and square battery packs are described, and their flow models are established. By similarity transformations, the nonlinear system of partial differential equations is reduced and then solved numerically by the shooting method. The heat transfer properties of three types of nanofluids, that is, CuO‐EG, Al2O3‐EG, TiO2‐EG, are analyzed in detail. It is found that CuO‐EG nanofluid is the best coolant for the cylindrical battery pack, whereas Al2O3‐EG nanofluid is the best choice for square battery pack cooling.
Energy consumption in greenhouses and selection of an optimized heating system with minimum energy consumption
Authors: Mostafavi Seyed Alireza , Rezaei Ali
Published: August 2019

In this paper, heat loss is precisely computed by a proposed code considering different climates. Estimating the costs of different central heating system, unit heaters were selected as the most feasible system. Finally, considering the heating capacity and unit heater's dimensions a computational fluid dynamics model was developed to find the optimized configuration of unit heaters in a typical greenhouse. Using this model, the required thermal load for a greenhouse based on the daily temperature of Arak city in 2017 was computed with a smart control system. It was found that savings in energy consumption were approximately 5447 m3 of natural gas each year.
Free convective magnetohydrodynamic flow over an exponentially stretching sheet with radiation
Authors: Mathur Priya , Mishra Satyaranjan
Published: August 2019

The study explores a steady two‐dimensional magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow phenomenon of an incompressible viscous fluid with buoyancy‐driven force over an exponentially stretching sheet. In addition to that, the interaction of thermal radiation in conjunction with dissipative effects, that is, viscous and Joule dissipation is also considered, which is justified due to the presence of magnetic field. The boundary layer equations governed by the flow phenomena are transformed into ordinary differential equations by a suitable choice of similarity transformation. Numerical methods, such as fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta scheme in association with the shooting technique is employed to get an approximate solution of these transformed equations. The numerical computations for the wall shear stress and the heat transfer coefficients are obtained, analyzed, and then discussed. Furthermore, the major findings are pick‐in velocity distribution near the plate is marked with an increase in buoyancy parameter and the rate of heat transfer profile is linear in its boundary layer for low Prandtl number.
Parametric study on the heat transfer characteristics in a circular tube with helical tape insert under laminar flow conditions
Authors: Kumar Shiva , Dinesha Pijakala , Narayanan Akshith , Nanda Rahul
Published: August 2019

In the present study, the effect of a helical coiled tape on the heat transfer characteristics in a tubular heat exchanger has been studied. Numerical analysis is carried out in a tubular heat exchanger with a helical coiled tape insert under laminar flow conditions. The heat transfer characteristics, like Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f), have been determined. Numerical modeling is undertaken and validated using analytical results. To study the parametric variation, simulation is carried out for different width ratios (WR) and twist ratios (TRs). It is observed that Nu increases as the WR is increased and the TR is reduced. The thermohydraulic performance index (THPI) is measured and found to be higher for a combination of a higher WR and a higher TR. From the tested values, it is seen that for a combination of WR = 3 and TR = 1.25, the maximum THPI was observed. It is concluded that both the tape width and pitch will significantly influence the thermohydraulic characteristics in a tubular heat exchanger with a helical tape insert inserted.
Delayed nivolumab‐induced hepatotoxicity during pazopanib treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: An autopsy case
Authors: Todo Maki , Kondo Hideyuki , Hayashi Taiki , Masuda Tsukasa , Okabe Takashi , Kaneko Go , Oyama Masafumi , Shirotake Suguru , Nishimoto Koshiro
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Pazopanib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and nivolumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, are both considered to cause hepatotoxicity with different pathophysiology. We report a case in which a patient died of severe hepatotoxicity who was presumed to have been caused by the administration of nivolumab followed by pazopanib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Case presentation

A 74‐year‐old male with metastatic renal cell carcinoma was treated with nivolumab as a third‐line treatment. However, nivolumab was subsequently discontinued, as it caused severe thyroiditis. About 2 months after the final dose of nivolumab was administered, pazopanib was initiated as a fourth‐line treatment. The patient suffered from lethal hepatic failure and died 18 days after the initiation of pazopanib treatment. An autopsy revealed that CD8‐positive lymphocytes had infiltrated the thyroid gland and liver.

Conclusion

The patient was considered to have died of severe hepatic failure due to the aggravation of mild nivolumab‐induced immune‐related hepatitis by pazopanib.
Bioactive glasses and glass‐ceramics versus hydroxyapatite: Comparison of angiogenic potential and biological responsiveness
Authors: Bellucci Devis , Braccini Simona , Chiellini Federica , Balasubramanian Preethi , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Cannillo Valeria
Published: August 2019

Different bioactive glasses (BGs), bioceramics, and their composites were extensively analyzed in terms of biological responsiveness and angiogenic potential. In particular several inorganic materials were considered, namely the widely used 45S5 BG, an experimental BG with low tendency to crystallize, other three experimental BGs doped with strontium and/or magnesium, a commercial hydroxyapatite (HA), and two BG–HA composites (with varying percentages of BG and HA). All these materials were ad hoc prepared and in vitro tested by means of an extensive biological analysis, such as MC3T3‐E1 cell viability and proliferation by direct contact assay, alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralized matrix deposition analysis by alizarin red staining, as well as evaluation of angiogenic potential and vascular endothelial growth factor release using ST2 cells. Thus, this investigation allows gaining a deeper insight into the biological performance of different inorganic material categories, and to critically compare the different possible solutions, as bone/tissue substitutes for enhanced healing and repair, in terms of bioactivity and regenerative potential.
Polydimethylsiloxane materials with supraphysiological elasticity enable differentiation of myogenic cells
Authors: Świerczek‐Lasek Barbara , Keremidarska‐Markova Milena , Hristova‐Panusheva Kamelia , Vladkova Todorka , Ciemerych Maria Anna , Archacka Karolina , Krasteva Natalia
Published: August 2019

Myogenic differentiation during muscle regeneration is guided by various physical and biochemical factors. Recently, substratum elasticity has gained attention as a physical signal that influences both cell differentiation and tissue regeneration. In this work, we investigated the influence of substratum elasticity on proliferation and differentiation of myogenic cells, mouse myoblasts of the C2C12 cell line and mouse primary myoblasts derived from satellite cells—muscle stem cells playing key role in muscle regeneration. Materials with different elastic moduli within the MPa scale based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were used as cell substratum and characterized for surface roughness, wettability, and micromechanical characteristics. We found that surface properties of PDMS substrates are alter nonlinearly with the increase of the material's elastic modulus. Using this system we provide an evidence that materials with elastic modulus higher than that of physiological skeletal muscle tissue do not perturb myogenic differentiation of both types of myoblasts; thus, can be used as biomaterials for muscle tissue engineering. PDMS materials with elasticity within the range of 2.5–4 MPa may transiently limit the proliferation of myoblasts, but not the efficiency of their differentiation. Direct correlation between substratum elasticity and myogenic differentiation efficiency was not observed but the other surface properties of the PDMS materials such as nanoroughness and wettability were also diverse.
Cyclically near‐resolvable 4‐cycle systems of 2Kv
Authors: Matsubara Kazuki , Kageyama Sanpei
Published: August 2019

Fu and Mishima [J. Combin. Des. 10 (2002), pp. 116–125] have utilized the extended Skolem sequence to prove that there exists a 1‐rotationally resolvable ‐cycle system of if and only if (mod ). In this paper, the existence of a cyclically near‐resolvable ‐cycle system is discussed, and it is shown that there exists a cyclically near‐resolvable ‐cycle system of if and only if (mod ).