bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zabiorę się czy wstanę? Od przekładu przypowieści o synu marnotrawnym (Łk 15, 11–32) do teologii miłosierdzia
Authors: Draguła Andrzej
Published: November 2018

Każdy tłumacz stoi przed wieloma dylematami, które musi pokonać, poszukując złotego środka pomiędzy tłumaczeniem wiernym oryginałowi a komunikatywnym wobec odbiorcy. Mimo tego każde tłumaczenie będzie już interpretacją. W przypadku tłumaczenia Biblii, konkretny wybór poszczególnych ekwiwalentów przez tłumacza może prowadzić do wykształcenia się zupełnie odmiennych teologii. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie na pewne konsekwencje teologiczno-pastoralne wyboru określonego ekwiwalentu na przykładzie przypowieści o synu marnotrawnym z Ewangelii wg św. Łukasza (Łk 15, 11–32). Określony wybór może skutkować odmienną wizją grzechu, natury relacji do Boga, sposobu powrotu do Niego (pokuta czy nawrócenie). Zadaniem kaznodziei pozostaje wykroczenie poza tekst tłumaczenia, nawet jeśli ma ono status tłumaczenie liturgicznego, często bowiem tłumaczenie pozostaje wierne słowom, a nie myśli. Zadaniem kaznodziei jest wydobyć myśl z tłumaczenia, aby świadomość wiernych nie zatrzymała się jedynie na słowach. Tym bowiem, co przede wszystkim kształtuje teologię i pobożność ludzi jest tekst Biblii w formie usłyszanej podczas liturgii.
Removal of Cr, Cu and Zn from liquid effluents using the fine component of granitic residual soils
Authors: Silva Flora , Albuquerque António , Cavaleiro Victor , Scalize Paulo
Published: November 2018

The practice of reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) is seen as a strategy for water conservation in regions where water scarcity is a natural reality and in those where population growth and/or climate change foresee this scarcity. In situations of lower water scarcity, reuse is practiced by imperatives of environmental protection of the receiving media, reducing the discharge of effiuents from wastewater treatment plants. The artificial recharge of aquifers (RAQ) with TWW is a very common practice at the international level, but little considered in Portugal. However, residual waste from TWW (e.g heavy metals), when deposited in soil or water, can cause significant environmental impacts on its uses, and cause serious health problems in several animal species due to their bioaccumulation in food chains. The present study intends to show that the granitic residual soils of the Quinta de Gonçalo Martins (Guarda), in the Beira Interior region of Portugal, present physical-chemical and mineralogical characteristics favorable to the infiltration of TWW into RAQ. The results of the batch sorption tests indicate that the soil has a reactive capacity to remove the Cu and Zn residual load at TWW at high efficiencies by adsorption and ion exchange mechanisms. The pseudo-first order model explained the reaction kinetics for the three heavy metals removal and when the sorption equilibrium state was reached, the removal of these metals was explained by the Freundlich isotherm.
“Through Sin Nature Has LostIts Confidence in God” – Sin and Trust as Formative Elementsof Martin Luther’s Conception of Society
Authors: Stopa Sasja Emilie Mathiasen
Published: November 2018

This article explores how sin and trust as fundamental notions of Luther’s relational anthropology determine his understanding of social relations unfolding in the hierarchies of the earthly realm. Against scholastic works righteousness, Luther maintains that humans are absolute sinners incapable of justifying themselves through good works and receive faith as a gift of unconditional trust in God. This reformulation of the human relation to God has profound consequences for Luther’s understanding of interpersonal relations. Luther understands the justifying relation to God as a precondition for fruitful and trusting social relations in a world infused by sin. Moreover, Luther patterns his understanding of the hierarchic relations between subjects and their earthly authorities on the trusting relation between God and human beings. However, because of sin individuals need to subject themselves to superiors. In this way, Luther’s understanding of the human being as both righteous and sinful seems to be the reason behind the apparent paradox of hierarchy and equality permeating his conception of society.
Agreement in Kuki-Chin languages of Barak valley
Authors: Haokip Pauthang
Published: November 2018

This paper discusses the agreement system of five Kuki-Chin (KC) languages of Barak valley, viz. Saihriem, Hrangkhol, Chorei, Sakachep, and Ronglong. The paper has an introduction, and five sections dedicated to agreement in different contructions: intransitive structures, transitive structures, agreement with the same person, agreement with ditransitive verbs, and agreement in hortative and imperative constructions. The discussion of agreement is further divided into subparts by paradigm; non-future, future and negative; and by languages. As in most KC languages, the Barak valley KC languages exhibit both preverbal and postverbal agreement clitics. The preverbal agreement clitics are homophonous with the possessive pronouns which occur before a noun. In intransitive constructions, the future affirmative paradigm has the same subject agreement clitics as the non-future paradigm. But unlike the non-future paradigm, the agreement clitics occur mostly after the verb and before the future tense marker in the future paradigm. In intransitive constructions, the postverbal agreement clitic shows up only in the future negative paradigm. As in the case of preverbal agreement clitics, the subject NP of an intransitive verb in the future negative paradigm can be dropped, and it can be recovered from its corresponding postverbal agreement clitics. Across the Barak valley KC languages, a transitive verb agrees with its object for the 1st person. Saihriem is the only language which shows number distinction for the second person object. If a verb takes more than one object, one with an inanimate direct object and the other with an indirect human object, the human indirect object takes precedence over the inanimate direct object for agreement. The Imperative construction takes the regular pre-verbal subject agreement marker for 1st and 3rd person in both the singular and plural form. On the contrary, the second person does not take any agreement marker. However, the number (singular and plural of the person) is distinguished in the imperative marker itself.
A Goy Who Studies Torah. Two Unpublished Sources by Ernst Simon and Gershom Scholem on the Spiritual Legacy of Franz Rosenzweig
Authors: Lucca Enrico , Wygoda Ynon
Published: November 2018

In the early 1930s, Franz Rosenzweig’s work was celebrated, criticized and questioned for its relevance within the specific cultural, religious and philosophical preoccupations of the inhabitants of pre-state Israel. This could be seen in nuce at the opening of the Schocken Library in Jerusalem in December 1936 that was marked by a celebratory conference dedicated to the memory of Franz Rosenzweig. The evening featured a collection of four lectures held in Hebrew by eminent German-Jewish scholars: Ernst Simon, Julius Guttmann, Hugo Bergmann and Gershom Scholem. Simon and Scholem’s lectures in particular put forward two strikingly different views on Rosenzweig’s possible Nachleben in the yishuv. The article is followed by Scholem’s hitherto unpublished lecture (both in the original Hebrew and in English translation) and Simon’s German summary of his own contribution that evening.
Anticancer properties of gold complexes with biologically relevant ligands
Authors: Fernández-Moreira Vanesa , Herrera Raquel P. , Gimeno M. Concepción
Published: November 2018

The present review highlights our findings in the field of antitumor gold complexes bearing biologically relevant molecules, such as DNA-bases, amino acids or peptide derivatives. The results show that very active complexes are achieved with this sort of ligands in several cancer cells. In these compounds the gold center is bonded to these biological molecules mainly through a sulfur atom belonging to a cysteine moiety or to a thionicotinic moiety as result of the functionalization of the biological compounds, and additionally phosphines or N-heterocyclic carbenes are present as ancillary ligands. These robust compounds are stable in the biological media and can be transported to their targets without previous deactivation. The presence of these scaffolds represents a good approach to obtain complexes with improved biologically activity, better transport and biodistribution to cancer cells. Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) has been shown as the main target for these complexes and in some cases, DNA interactions has been also observed.
Reluctance network lumped mechanical & thermal models for the modeling and predesign of concentrated flux synchronous machine
Authors: Benhamida Mohammed Ali , Ennassiri Hamza , Amara Yacine
Published: November 2018

The aim of this paper is the multi-physical modeling of synchronous permanent magnet machines, dedicated to hybrid electrical vehicles application, using reluctance network lumped mechanical and thermal models. The modeling approaches are presented and validated by comparing the obtained results to those of finite element method with a close look to the airgap modeling and the consideration of soft magnetic materials non-linearity in the electromagnetic modeling. As well as a close look also on the conduction and convection heat coefficients for the machine different regions in the thermal modeling. Finally a focus on the mass, damping and stiffness matrix computation in lumped mechanical modeling taking into account the temperature influence on the materials mechanical properties. In addition a simplified rotating electrical machine is described and multiple coupled analysis were done in order to derive the structure magneto-vibroacoustic performances.
Anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of sterically tuned bis-N-heterocyclic salts
Authors: Huda Noor ul , Islam Shamsul , Zia Muhammad , William Kainaat , Abbas Fakhar i , Umar Muhammad Ihtisham , Iqbal Muhammad Adnan , Mannan Abdul
Published: November 2018

The current study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial, antioxidant, antileishmanial and cytotoxic potential of designed derivatives of 1,1′-(1,3-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(3-alkyl/aryl-1H-benzimidazol-3-ium) salts. The antibacterial potential of the test compounds was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and two methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains (MRSA10, MRSA11), where compound 6 showed the best results. For brine shrimp lethality bioassay (BSLB), compound 6 again showed up to 100% mortality at 200 μg/mL and 56.7% mortality at 6.25 μg/mL. Antileishmanial assay was performed against Leishmania tropica at 20 μg/mL dosage, where 6 showed the most promising activity with 16.26% survival (83.74% mortality; IC50=14.63 μg/mL). The anticancer potential of the selected benzimidazole derivatives was evaluated against two selected cell lines (human colorectal cancer, HCT-116 and breast adenocarcinoma, MCF-7) using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Compound 6 was found to be the most effective cytotoxic compound with 75% inhibition of HCT-116 proliferation at 1 mg/mL concentration. Succinctly, 6 exhibited impressive pharmacological potential that might be attributed to its higher lipophilic character owing to the longer N-substituted alkyl chains when compared to the other test compounds.
Estudos em arqueometria e arte por metodologias nuclear-atômico-moleculares não destrutivas no Laboratório de Física Nuclear Aplicada da Universidade Estadual de Londrina
Authors: Appoloni Carlos Roberto
Published: November 2018

No Laboratório de Física Nuclear Aplicada (LFNA – DFIS/UEL) diferentes combinações de metodologias nucleares, atômicas e moleculares têm sido empregadas para estudos de objetos do patrimônio cultural. Metodologias como a Fluorescência de Raios X (nas diferentes modalidades EDXRF, PXRF, TXRF), a Espectroscopia Raman e a Transmissão de Raios Gama têm sido empregadas no estudo de diferentes tipos de objetos arqueológicos e, quando necessário, em colaboração com outros laboratórios, em conjunto com técnicas como a Emissão de raios X induzida por partículas (PIXE), Espectroscopia Mössbauer, Microscopia Eletrônica, Radiografia Digital,  Difração de Raios X e Retroespalhamento Rutherford (RBS), entre outras. Neste contexto, apresenta-se uma síntese dos trabalhos realizados desde o início do envolvimento do LFNA com Arqueometria e Artes, fazendo pequeno um recorte dentro da larga gama de objetos do patrimônio cultural analisados, focando alguns materiais cerâmicos. Abstract: Different combinations of nuclear, atomic and molecular methodologies are employed In the Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Physics (LFNA - DFIS / UEL) to study objects of cultural heritage. Methodologies such as X-Ray Fluorescence (in the different modalities EDXRF, PXRF, TXRF), Raman Spectroscopy and Gamma Ray Transmission have been employed to the study of different types of archaeological objects and when necessary, in collaboration with other laboratories, in conjunction with techniques such as particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE), Mössbauer Spectroscopy, Electron Microscopy, Digital Radiography, X-ray Diffraction and Rutherford Backscatter (RBS), among others. In this context, a synthesis of work accomplished since the beginning of the LFNA's involvement with Archaeometry and Arts is presented, making a small cut within the wide range of cultural heritage objects analyzed, focusing on some ceramic materials.
Pensando sobre mobilidade, dieta e mudança cultural: análises isotópicas no sítio Armação do Sul, Florianópolis/SC
Authors: Oppitz Gabriela , Bastos Murilo Quintans Ribeiro , Scherer Luciane Zanenga , Lessa Andrea , Martins Veridiana , Camargo Plínio , DeBlasis Paulo
Published: November 2018

Há uma intensificação nos processos de mudança associados aos sítios conchíferos do litoral catarinense a partir de 2000 AP, marcada por acontecimentos como a diminuição no número de sítios, a diminuição no uso de conchas em sua formação e o aparecimento da cerâmica. Com o objetivo de compreender melhor essas mudanças e entendendo o sítio Armação do Sul (Florianópolis/SC) como elemento chave para essa compreensão, foram realizadas análises isotópicas de estrôncio (87Sr/86Sr), carbono (δ13C) e nitrogênio (δ15N) nos indivíduos que nele se encontram sepultados, juntamente com o estabelecimento de uma cronologia estratigraficamente referenciada. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os processos de mudança se desenrolaram diferentemente em porções distintas do litoral catarinense e que, no caso do sítio Armação do Sul, as mudanças observadas estão relacionadas a um quadro que envolve maior circulação e incorporação de indivíduos de diferentes partes do litoral central e mudança na dieta dos indivíduos do sexo masculino. Abstract: There is an intensification in the processes of change associated with the shell-matrix sites of the Santa Catarina coast from 2000 BP onwards, marked by events such as the decrease in the number of sites, the decrease in the use of shells in their formation and the introduction of pottery. To better understand these changes, and taking the Armação do Sul site (Florianópolis/SC) as a key element in this understanding, we performed strontium (87Sr/86Sr), carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic analyzes on the individuals buried there, together with the establishment of a stratigraphically referenced chronology. The results indicate that the processes of change occurred differently in different parts of the Santa Catarina coast and that, in the case of the Armação do Sul site, the observed changes are related to an increased circulation and incorporation of individuals from different parts of the central coast and dietary change in male individuals.
Perceptual Decision-Making: Biases in Post-Error Reaction Times Explained by Attractor Network Dynamics
Authors: Berlemont Kevin , Nadal Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2018

Perceptual decision-making is the subject of many experimental and theoretical studies. Most modeling analyses are based on statistical processes of accumulation of evidence. In contrast, very few works confront attractor network models' predictions with empirical data from continuous sequences of trials. Recently however, numerical simulations of a biophysical competitive attractor network model have shown that such a network can describe sequences of decision trials and reproduce repetition biases observed in perceptual decision experiments. Here we get more insights into such effects by considering an extension of the reduced attractor network model of Wong and Wang (2006), taking into account an inhibitory current delivered to the network once a decision has been made. We make explicit the conditions on this inhibitory input for which the network can perform a succession of trials, without being either trapped in the first reached attractor, or losing all memory of the past dynamics. We study in detail how, during a sequence of decision trials, reaction times and performance depend on nonlinear dynamics of the network, and we confront the model behavior with empirical findings on sequential effects. Here we show that, quite remarkably, the network exhibits, qualitatively and with the correct order of magnitude, post-error slowing and post-error improvement in accuracy, two subtle effects reported in behavioral experiments in the absence of any feedback about the correctness of the decision. Our work thus provides evidence that such effects result from intrinsic properties of the nonlinear neural dynamics.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMuch experimental and theoretical work is being devoted to the understanding of the neural correlates of perceptual decision-making. In a typical behavioral experiment, animals or humans perform a continuous series of binary discrimination tasks. To model such experiments, we consider a biophysical decision-making attractor neural network, taking into account an inhibitory current delivered to the network once a decision is made. Here we provide evidence that the same intrinsic properties of the nonlinear network dynamics underpins various sequential effects reported in experiments. Quite remarkably, in the absence of feedback on the correctness of the decisions, the network exhibits post-error slowing (longer reaction times after error trials) and post-error improvement in accuracy (smaller error rates after error trials).
A Posterior–Anterior Distinction between Scene Perception and Scene Construction in Human Medial Parietal Cortex
Authors: Silson Edward H. , Gilmore Adrian W. , Kalinowski Sarah E. , Steel Adam , Kidder Alexis , Martin Alex , Baker Chris I.
Published: November 2018

Human retrosplenial complex (RSC), located in medial parietal cortex, has been implicated in numerous cognitive functions, including scene perception, spatial navigation, and autobiographical memory retrieval. Recently, a posterior–anterior distinction within RSC was proposed, such that posterior aspects process scene-related visual information (constituting a medial place area [MPA]), whereas anterior aspects process information that is vividly retrieved from memory, thereby supporting remembering and potentially navigation. Here, we tested this proposed distinction in a single group of participants (both male and female) using fMRI with both perceptual and mnemonic tasks. After completing a resting-state scan, participants performed a task that required constructing scenes from memory and completed a scene selectivity localizer task. We tested directly perceptual and mnemonic responses in MPA and an anterior, connectivity-defined region (CON), which showed strong functional connectivity with anterior parahippocampal place area. A double dissociation was observed, such that CON was more strongly activated during scene construction than was MPA, whereas MPA was more perceptually responsive than CON. Further, peak responses from the scene construction task were anterior to perceptual peaks in all but 1 participant and hemisphere. Finally, through analyses of the posterior–anterior response profiles, we identify the fundus of the parieto-occipital sulcus as a potential location for the crossover from perceptual to mnemonic representations and highlight a potential left-hemisphere advantage for mnemonic representations. Collectively, our results support a distinction between posterior and anterior aspects of the RSC, suggesting that more specific functional-anatomic terms should be used in its place in future work.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe retrosplenial complex (RSC) has been implicated in vision, spatial cognition, and memory. We previously speculated on a potential posterior–anterior distinction within RSC for scene perception and memory-based scene construction/navigation. Here, we tested this distinction through a combination of resting-state, perceptual, and mnemonic task data. Consistent with our predictions, we demonstrate that perceptual responses peak consistently posterior of those elicited by memory-based scene construction within the broader RSC. Further, we highlight (1) the fundus of the parieto-occipital sulcus as a landmark for the transition between these representations, (2) the anterior bank of parieto-occipital sulcus as the point of maximal separation between these representations, and (3) identify a potential hemispheric asymmetry in mnemonic representations. These data support functional dissociations within RSC.
Fine Control of Sound Frequency Tuning and Frequency Discrimination Acuity by Synaptic Zinc Signaling in Mouse Auditory Cortex
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Xiong Shanshan , Tzounopoulos Thanos , Anderson Charles T.
Published: November 2018

Neurons in the auditory cortex are tuned to specific ranges of sound frequencies. Although the cellular and network mechanisms underlying neuronal sound frequency selectivity are well studied and reflect the interplay of thalamocortical and intracortical excitatory inputs and further refinement by cortical inhibition, the precise synaptic signaling mechanisms remain less understood. To gain further understanding on these mechanisms and their effects on sound-driven behavior, we usedin vivoimaging as well as behavioral approaches in awake and behaving female and male mice. We discovered that synaptic zinc, a modulator of neurotransmission and responsiveness to sound, sharpened the sound frequency tuning of principal and parvalbumin-expressing neurons and widened the sound frequency tuning of somatostatin-expressing inhibitory neurons in layer 2/3 of the primary auditory cortex. In the absence of cortical synaptic zinc, mice exhibited reduced acuity for detecting changes in sound frequencies. Together, our results reveal that cell-type-specific effects of zinc contribute to cortical sound frequency tuning and enhance acuity for sound frequency discrimination.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuronal tuning to specific features of sensory stimuli is a fundamental property of cortical sensory processing that advantageously supports behavior. Despite the established roles of synaptic thalamocortical and intracortical excitation and inhibition in cortical tuning, the precise synaptic signaling mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we investigated these mechanisms in the mouse auditory cortex. We discovered a previously unknown signaling mechanism linking synaptic zinc signaling with cell-specific cortical tuning and enhancement in sound frequency discrimination acuity. Given the abundance of synaptic zinc in all sensory cortices, this newly discovered interaction between synaptic zinc and cortical tuning can provide a general mechanism for modulating neuronal stimulus specificity and sensory-driven behavior.
Tekanan Panas, Konsumsi Cairan, dan Penggunaan Pakaian Kerja dengan Tingkat Dehidrasi
Authors: Ariyanti Sheila Mufida , Setyaningsih Yuliani , Prasetio Diki Bima
Published: November 2018

Abstrak

Pekerja di lingkungan panas dapat terpapar dehidrasi. Selain lingkungan kerja yang panas dehidrasi dapat disebabkan oleh kurangnya konsumsi cairan, penggunaan pakaian saat bekerja dan riwayat penyakit yang dimiliki.Pekerja pandai besi Desa Hadipolo terpapar panas dari lingkungan kerja berkisar antara 30oC –35oC dan mengalami tanda-tanda dehidrasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 7-15 April 2018.Tujuan penelitian menganalisis hubungan tekanan panas, konsumsi cairan dan penggunaan pakaian saat bekerja dengan tingkat dehidrasi pada pekerja pandai besi di Desa Hadipolo Kecamatan Jekulo Kabupaten Kudus. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Hasil penelitian ini ada hubungan antara tekanan panas (p value = 0,036), konsumsi cairan (p value = 0,021), penggunaan pakaian saat bekerja (p value = 0,020) dengan tingkat dehidrasi. Analisis secara multivariat diperoleh hasil kategori konsumsi cairan dengan p value = 0,016 dan kategori penggunaan pakaian saat bekerja dengan p value = 0,017.  Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini variabel yang paling berperan terhadap tingkat dehidrasi yaitu kategori konsumsi cairan kategori dan penggunaan pakaian saat bekerja.

 

Abstract

Workers in hot environments can be exposed to dehydration. In addition to a hot dehydrated work environment, it can be caused by a lack of fluid consumption, the use of clothing at work and the history of the disease. Blacksmith workers in Hadipolo village are exposed to heat from the work environment ranging from 30oC -35oC and experiencing signs of dehydration. The study was conducted on April 7-15, 2018. The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between heat stress, fluid consumption and clothing usage while working with the level of dehydration in blacksmith workers in Hadipolo Village, Jekulo District, Kudus Regency. this research is an observational analytic study with cross sectional approach. The results of this study there is a relationship between heat stress (p value = 0.036), fluid consumption (p value = 0.021), use of clothing at work (p value = 0.020) with the level of dehydration with. Multivariate analysis obtained results of fluid consumption category with p value = 0.016 and clothing usage category while working with p value = 0.017. The conclusion of this study is the variable that most plays a role in the level of dehydration, namely the category of consumption of liquid and clothing usage category while working
Estradiol promotes EMT in endometriosis via MALAT1/miR200s sponge function
Authors: Du Yu , Zhang Zhibing , Xiong Wenqian , Li Na , Liu Hengwei , He Haitang , Li Qi , Liu Yi , Zhang Ling
Published: November 2018

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent benign gynecological disease that shares some common features of malignancy. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been recognized as a core mechanism of endometriosis. MALAT1 is widely known as EMT promoter, while miR200 family members (miR200s) are considered as EMT inhibitors. Previous studies have reported that MALAT1 upregulation and miR200s downregulation are observed in endometriosis. MiR200c has been regarded as the strongest member of miR200s to interact with MALAT1. However, whether MALAT1/miR200c regulates EMT remains largely unclear. In this study, the roles of miR200s and MALAT1 in ectopic endometrium were investigated. Additionally, the effects of E2 on EMT and MALAT1/miR200s were examined in both EECs and Ishikawa cells. Notably, E2 could upregulate MALAT1 and downregulate miR200s expression levels and induce EMT in EECs and Ishikawa cells. PHTPP, an ERβ antagonist, could reverse the effect of E2. Overexpression of miR200c and knockdown of MALAT1 significantly inhibited E2-mediated EMT, suggesting that both miR200c and MALAT1 are involved in the E2-induced EMT process in endometriosis. In addition, a reciprocal inhibition was found between miR200s and MALAT1. Therefore, the role of MALAT1/miR200c in EMT is influenced by the presence of estrogen during endometriosis development.
SNZ3 Encodes a PLP Synthase Involved in Thiamine Synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Paxhia Michael D , Downs Diana M
Published: November 2018

Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (the active form of vitamin B6) is a cofactor that is important for a broad number of biochemical reactions and is essential for all forms of life. Organisms that can synthesize pyridoxal 5′-phosphate use either the deoxyxylulose phosphate-dependent or -independent pathway, the latter is encoded by a two-component pyridoxal 5′-phosphate synthase. Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains three paralogs of the two-component SNZ/SNO pyridoxal 5′-phosphate synthase. Past work identified the biochemical activity of Snz1p, Sno1p and provided in vivo data that SNZ1 was involved in pyridoxal 5′-phosphate biosynthesis. Snz2p and Snz3p were considered redundant isozymes and no growth condition requiring their activity was reported. Genetic data herein showed that either SNZ2 or SNZ3 are required for efficient thiamine biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Further, SNZ2 or SNZ3 alone could satisfy the cellular requirement for pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (and thiamine), while SNZ1 was sufficient for pyridoxal 5′-phosphate synthesis only if thiamine was provided. qRT-PCR analysis determined that SNZ2,3 are repressed ten-fold by the presence thiamine. In total, the data were consistent with a requirement for PLP in thiamine synthesis, perhaps in the Thi5p enzyme, that could only be satisfied by SNZ2 or SNZ3. Additional data showed that Snz3p is a pyridoxal 5′-phosphate synthase in vitro and is sufficient to satisfy the pyridoxal 5′-phosphate requirement in Salmonella enterica when the medium has excess ammonia.
Strategies for Efficient Genome Editing Using CRISPR-Cas9
Authors: Farboud Behnom , Severson Aaron F , Meyer Barbara J
Published: November 2018

The targetable DNA endonuclease CRISPR-Cas9 has transformed analysis of biological processes by enabling robust genome editing in model and nonmodel organisms. Although rules directing Cas9 to its target DNA via a guide RNA are straightforward, wide variation occurs in editing efficiency and repair outcomes for both imprecise error-prone repair and precise templated repair. We found that imprecise and precise DNA repair from double-strand breaks (DSBs) is asymmetric, favoring repair in one direction. Using this knowledge, we designed RNA guides and repair templates that increased the frequency of imprecise insertions and deletions and greatly enhanced precise insertion of point mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans. We also devised strategies to insert long (10 kb) exogenous sequences and incorporate multiple nucleotide substitutions at a considerable distance from DSBs. We expanded the repertoire of co-conversion markers appropriate for diverse nematode species. These selectable markers enable rapid identification of Cas9-edited animals also likely to carry edits in desired targets. Lastly, we explored the timing, location, frequency, sex dependence, and categories of DSB repair events by developing loci with allele-specific Cas9 targets that can be contributed during mating from either male or hermaphrodite germ cells. We found a striking difference in editing efficiency between maternally and paternally contributed genomes. Furthermore, imprecise repair and precise repair from exogenous repair templates occur with high frequency before and after fertilization. Our strategies enhance Cas9-targeting efficiency, lend insight into the timing and mechanisms of DSB repair, and establish guidelines for achieving predictable precise and imprecise repair outcomes with high frequency.
Identifikasi Senyawa Aktif Minyak Jarak Pagar Jatropha curcas Sebagai Larvasida Nabati Vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue
Authors: Riyadhi Adi
Published: November 2018

Telah dilakukan uji potensi larvasida nyamuk Aedes aegypti terhadap minyak jarak pagar.Nilai LC50 minyak jarak pagar sebesar 0,15% untuk 24 jam pengujian dan 0,087% untuk 48jam pengujian. Identifikasi kandungan kimia dilakukan pada minyak jarak pagar denganmenggunakan GC-MS. Hasil analisa GC-MS diduga minyak jarak pagar mengandungsenyawa piperine dengan kemiripan library sebesar 83%. Senyawa piperine adalah golonganalkaloid jenis piperidin yang biasa digunakan sebagai larvasida untuk nyamuk. Minyak jarakpagar dapat dikembangkan menjadi larvasida alami untuk mengontrol populasi nyamukdemam berdarah Dengue.
Analisis Tingkat Kerusakan Lemak Nabati dan Lemak Hewani Akibat Proses Pemanasan
Authors: Hermanto Sandra , Muawanah Anna , Wardhani Prita
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui stabilitas dan tingkat kerusakan lemak nabati dan lemakhewani akibat proses pemanasan pada suhu tinggi. Beberapa lemak nabati dan lemak hewani yangdijadikan sampel dalam penelitian ini meliputi minyak goreng curah, minyak goreng kemasan, minyakikan, margarine, lemak babi, lemak sapi, lemak ayam dan minyak zaitun. Masing-masing sampeldipanaskan pada suhu 110oC selama 30 menit, selanjutnya stabilitas dan tingkat kerusakannnyadianalisis dengan mengukur kadar radikal bebas melalui analisis malondialdehid dengan metodekolorimetri dan komposisi asam lemak jenuh (saturated fatty acid), asam lemak tak jenuh tunggal(mono unsaturated fatty acid) serta asam lemak tak jenuh ganda (poly unsaturated fatty acid) denganmenggunakan Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrofotometry (GCMS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa kandungan radikal bebas sebagai parameter kerusakan lemak pada masing-masing sampelrelatif berbeda dimana pada minyak ikan dihasilkan radikal bebas sebesar 40 μmol/L, sedangkan padaminyak goreng curah sebesar 25 μmol/L, minyak goreng kemasan 20 μmol/L, margarine 16 μmol/L,minyak zaitun 30 μmol/L, lemak ayam 37 μmol/L, lemak sapi 18 μmol/L dan lemak babi 31 μmol/L.Hasil analisa GCMS menunjukkan bahwa kandungan asam lemak jenuh terbesar diperoleh padasampel lemak sapi (65.53%), sedangkan asam lemak tidak jenuh ganda terbesar diperoleh pada minyakikan sebesar 30.24%. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa tingkat kerusakan lemak pada masing-masingsampel sangat dipengaruhi oleh kandungan awal asam lemak tak jenuh ganda yang terdapat padamasing-masing sampel seperti pada minyak ikan dimana komposisi asam lemak tidak jenuh gandarelatif lebih besar dibandingkan dengan yang lain.
Identifikasi Pewarna Sintetis Pada Produk Pangan Yang Beredar di Jakarta dan Ciputat
Authors: Sumarlin La Ode
Published: November 2018

Warna merupakan faktor yang dapat digunakan sebagai indikator kesegaran atau kematangan suatuproduk. Warna merupakan daya tarik terbesar untuk menikmati aroma makanan. Warna dalammakanan dapat meningkatkan penerimaan konsumen tentang sebuah produk. Namun, penggunaanpewarna sintetis harus dilakukan sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku karena dapat merugikankesehatan. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan monitoring pewarna sintetis berbagai produk makananyang dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat. Metode analisis kualitatif yang digunakan adalah kromatografikertas. Sementara analisis kuantitatif menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-VIS. Pewarna sintetis yangterkandung dalam sebagian besar sampel yang dianalisis adalah pewarna yang memungkinkanpenggunaannya untuk makanan oleh Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI seperti sunset yellow, ponceau4R, tartrazine, dan carmoisin. Namun sampel krupuk pati mengandung zat yag dilarang yaituRhodamin B dengan konsentrasi 2,1892 ppm. Sampel mengandung zat pewarna campuran dari duaatau tiga jenis warna tunggal seperti es limun botol/orange (Amaranth,Tartrazine dan KuningFCF/Sunset Yellow) dan sampel permen merah (Ponceau 4R, Kuning FCF). Namun sebagian besarberupa pewarna tunggal. Pewarna sintetik yang ada dalam sampel permen kuning sebesar 22,642ppm dan 9,0119 ppm pada mie basah.
Pembentukan Hidrogen dari Air Secara Fotokatalitik oleh Serbuk TiO2 yang Didoping Nitrogen
Authors: Arfi Febrina , Aziz Hermansyah , Alif Admin
Published: November 2018

Abstrak   Kesadaran terhadap ancaman krisis energi karena kebutuhan yang sangat besar dan pencemaran lingkungan yang terjadi, maka perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk menghasilkan sumber energi alternatif. Hidrogen merupakan energi alternatif yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar, ramah lingkungan, dan dihasilkan dari sumber yang melimpah di bumi  yaitu air. Salah satu metode yang dipakai untuk memproduksi gas hidrogen adalah metode fotolisis. Katalis yang digunakan adalah TiO2 yang didoping N, tujuannya mempelajari pengaruh variasi perbandingan TiO2/N terhadap aktifitas fotokatalitik pembentukan hidrogen. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan produksi gas menggunakan TiO2/N pada kondisi optimum terjadi pada perbandingan 4:6 yang menghasilkan gas 2.2 mL. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa TiO2 doping N dapat membantu pembentukan gas secara fotokatalitik.   Kata kunci : Fotolisis, katalis, doping, fotokatalitik Abstract The awareness about energy crisis is rising quickly. Consider to the very fast growing need of energy and the environmental impact caused by the conventional energy, so that the research about renewable energy as an alternative energy resource is very urgent. Therefore, the research to produce hydrogen as an alternative energy resourse was conducted. Hydrogen can be used as a green fuel which can be extracted from water, a huge amount of resource on the earth. In this research, the photolysis method was used. Nitrogen-doped TiO2 catalyst was used in order to analyse the influence of variational ratio of TiO2/N to the photocatalytic process of hydrogen production. The result shows that the optimum condition in producing gas using TiO2/N occured at the ratio 4:3 which produced as much as 2.2 ml gas. From this result can be concluded that Nitrogen-doped TiO2 supports the extraction of gas in photocatalytic process.   Keywords: Photolysis, catalys, doped, photocatalytic   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v0i0.3077
Analisis Karaterisasi Konsentrasi dan Komposisi Partikulat Udara (Studi Case : Surabaya)
Authors: Ahmad Eka Fithriani , Santoso Muhayatun
Published: November 2018

Abstrak Pencemaran udara merupakan dampak yang sangat merugikan, tidak hanya bagi manusia tetapi juga akan berdampak buruk bagi ekosistem hewan dan tumbuhan. Pada penelitian ini akan mengkaji pencemaran udara dari Oktober 2012 hingga Februari 2014 melalui penelitian konsentrasi dan komposisi dari partikulat udara dengan ukuran PM 2.5. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentuan sumber asal pencemaran di Surabaya sehingga dapat dijadikan referensi berbasis ilmiah sebagai langkah untuk membuat keputusan dan kebijakan yang tepat dalam menanggulangi dampak pencemaran. Metode pengolahan data dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan analisis reseptor modeling yaitu Positif Matrix Factorization (PMF) untuk mengetahui sumber asal pencemaran. Hasil pengukuran yang diperoleh pada konsentrasi PM 2,5 adalah 15.05 μg/m3 sehingga telah melebihi baku mutu tahunan yang telah ditetapkan PP 41 tahun 1999, USEPA, maupun WHO. Dalam partikulat terdapat konsentrasi black carbon (BC) sebesar 3.20 μg/m3 dan unsur Pb dengan konsentrasi 0.28 μg/m3 yang telah melebihi nilai baku mutu USEPA. Sedangkan hasil analisis reseptor modeling di dapatkan sumber asal polutan berasal dari biomass, vehicle, soil, industri Pb, industri Zn dan indutri Fe. Kata kunci: Partikulat mater 2.5, black carbon, Pb, positive matrix factorization, Surabaya   Abstract Air pollution is a very adverse impact, not only for humans but also the ecosystem of plants and animals. This research examine air pollution from October 2012 until February 2014 through the research of concentration and composition of airborne particulates with a size of PM 2.5 μm. This study aims to determine the origin and location of pollution sources in Surabaya so that it can be used as scientific reference as a step to make the right decisions and policies in tackling the impact of pollution. Data processing method in this research used analysis of receptor modeling that is Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) to determine the source of the pollution. Results obtained at a concentration of PM 2.5 was 15.05 μg/m3 so PM 2.5 has exceeded the quality standard yearly, based on PP 41 1999, USEPA and WHO. There are 3.20 μg/m3 concentration of black carbon (BC), element Pb in particulate matter with a concentration of 0.28 μg/m3 which has exceeded the value of the quality standard USEPA. The source of the pollutants come from biomass, vehicle, soil, industrial Pb, Zn and industries Fe industry.   Keywords: Particulate matter 2.5, black carbon, Pb, positive matrix factorization, Surabaya DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v0i0.3602
Solid-phase Synthesis of Tetrapeptide on 2-Chlorotrityl Chloride Resin by Using Benzotriazol-1-yl-oxytripyrrolidinophosphonium Hexafluorophosphate as Coupling Reagent
Authors: Maharani Rani , Ammatillah Nuruzzahra , Gunawan Gunawan , Hidayat Ace Tatang
Published: November 2018

Tetrapeptide, OH-Pro-Ala-Gly-Tyr-NH2, was successfully synthesised on 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin by taking advantage of PyBOP (benzotriazol-1-yl-oxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate) as coupling reagent. The selection of the peptide as the target of synthesis was due to its interesting bioactivity as antioxidant. The synthesis was undertaken with Fmoc strategy, where Fmoc-proline was added onto the resin at the first place. It is known from the literature that proline can resist from rasemisation when  it was attached on the resin at the first time. Fmoc deprotection step was carried out by employing 20% piperidine in DMF and the reaction mixture was shaken for 30 minutes. Once the proline attached, the next step was to attach amino acids, alanine (Ala), glycine (Gly) and tyrosine(Tyr), subsequently onto the resin until tetrapeptidyl resin was constructed on the resin.  Hydroxyl group of Tyr was protected with t-butyl, which is TFA-labiled. Coupling reaction was undertaken by mixing the amino acid and PyBOP in a mixture of dichloromethane and DMF (1:1) and in the presence of basic DIPEA. Resin cleavage step was carried out by using 95% TFA in water, where t-butyl protecting group on the side chain of Tyr was cleaved at the same time. The analytical RP-HPLC of the final product showed a single peak at 21.9 minutes (20-90% of acetonitrile in water with 0.1% of TFA during 30 minutes), indicating that each coupling has given a good coupling performance and resulting in a pure product. The desired product showed the correct molecular weight with m/z 407.2 [M+H]+ and 429.2 [M+Na]. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v0i0.4055
Sintesis dan Identifikasi Material Besi Berpendukung ZnAl2O4 (Fe/ZnAl2O4)
Authors: Angasa Eka , Yudha S Sal Prima , Maryanti Evi , Rahman Taupik
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis katalis besi berpendukung ZnAl2O4 (Fe/ZnAl2O4). SintesisFe/ZnAl2O4 dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap, yaitu sintesis ZnAl2O4 menggunakan metode keramikyang dikembangkan oleh Ballarini (2009), dengan sedikit modifikasi dan impregnasi besi padaZnAl2O4. Identifikasi produk menggunakan XRD menunjukkan bahwa difraktogram ZnAl2O4 yangterbentuk mirip dengan difraktogram ZnAl2O4 standar yang dilakukan oleh Ballarini (2009).Identifikasi Fe/ZnAl2O4 yang terbentuk menggunakan XRD menunjukkan bahwa difraktogramFe/ZnAl2O4 yang terbentuk mirip dengan difraktogram Fe/ZnAl2O4 standar. Hal ini memberikanindikasi bahwa sintesis material besi berpendukung ZnAl2O4 kemungkinan besar telah berhasildilakukan.
Poriferasta-5,22E,25-trien-3β-ol,22-dehidrokolesterol dari daun Kalanchoe serrata (Crassulaceae)
Authors: Abdullah Fajar Fauzi , Nandiwardhana Satwika , Hakim Arif Rahman , Herlina Tati , Supratman Unang
Published: November 2018

Dalam penelitian berkelanjutan untuk pencarian senyawa metabolit sekunder baru dari tumbuhan Kalanchoe Indonesia, telah dilakukan kajian fitokimia terhadap Kalanchoe serrata. Daun segar K. serrata sebanyak 14,8 kg diekstraksi dengan metanol pada temperatur kamar. Ekstrak metanol (292 g) dipartisi berturut-turut dengan n-heksana dan metilenklorida. Ekstrak metilenklorida (0,80 g) selanjutnya dipisahkan pada kromatografi cair vakum pada silika gel G60 dengan eluen kloroform-aseton yang meningkat kepolarannya sehingga dihasilkan 10 fraksi yang dikelompokan berdasarkan analisis KLT. Padatan yang diperoleh pada fraksi yang terelusi dengan 20% aseton selanjutnya dipisahkan pada kromatografi kolom pada silika gel (230-400 mesh) dengan eluen kloroform dan dimurnikan lebih lanjut dengan kristalisasi pada aseton sehingga dihasilkan isolat berbentuk kristal jarum tak-berwarna sebanyak 23 mg. Isolat menunjukkan titik leleh 115-118oC dan memberikan warna hijau-kebiruan pada uji Liebermann-Burchard menunjukkan adanya kerangka steroid.  Hasil analisis spektroskopi yang meliputi UV, IR, 1D-NMR dan 2D-NMR menunjukan bahwa isolat merupakan turunan sterol dan diidentifikasi sebagai poriferasta-5,22E,25-trien-3β-ol,22-dehidrokolesterol.
Steroid dan Lignan dari Kayu Batang Durio oxleyanus (Malvaceae)
Authors: Rudiyansyah Rudiyansyah
Published: November 2018

Pencarian senyawa metabolit sekunder dari ekstrak aseton kayu batang tumbuhan Durio oxleyanus Griff telah menghasilkan senyawa steroid androst-1,4-dien-3,7-dion (1) beserta dua senyawa lignan yaitu boehmenan (2) dan boehmenan X (3) dan fraksidin (4). Struktur kimia senyawa hasil isolasi tersebut dielusidasi berdasarkan data spektroskopi dan perbandingan dengan data spektrum yang telah dilaporkan sebelumnya. Kata Kunci: Durio, steroid, lignan, kumarin
Profil Fraksi Sitotoksik terhadap Sel Murine Leukemia P-388 dari Ekstrak Biji Honje (Etlingera elatior)
Authors: Rusanti Alfindah , Sukandar Dede , Rudiana Tarso , Adawiah Adawiah
Published: November 2018

The research characterization of cytotoxic fraction against P-388 leukemia murine cells from the extract honje (Etlingera elatior) seed have been reported. This research lead to isolated and characterization of cytotoxic compounds against P-388 leukemia murine cells from the extract E. elantior seed. The extract of E. elantior seed was maserated by methanol, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate, respectively and estimated their cytotoxic activity against P-388 leukemia murine cell with 3- (4, 5-dimetiltiazol-2-yl) -2,5-difeniltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay guided toxicity test against of shrimp Artemia salina Leach. Brine shirmp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The active extracts will be separated by fractionation using column chromatography, radial chromatography, and for analyzing the purity of isolate will estimate by HPLC. The chemical structure of pure isolate will be identified by spectroscopies data UV Vis, FTIR, NMR and MS. The ethyl acetate extract from honje seed have cytotoxic activity by leukemia P-388 cell  with IC50 19.21 µg/mL. The compound toxic as cytotoxicagainst P-388 leukemia murine cells is flavonoid compouds their is resveratrol, lapachol, apigenin, methylated chrysin, 6,2’-dihydroxyflavanone, 3-hydroxy-3,4’-dymethoxyflavone and 4’-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavanone.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v0i0.3640
Sintesis, Karakterisasi Nanopartikel Magnetit, Mg/Al NO3 –Hidrotalsit dan Komposit Magnetit-Hidrotalsit
Authors: Sari Fajar Indah Puspita
Published: November 2018

Synthesis and characterization magnetite, Mg/Al NO3- hydrotalcite and magnetite-hydrotalcite have been done. The XRD and FTIR characterization result from third compound is used to assess the conformation of magnetite in the structure of hydrotalcite by comparison of spectra. Obtained that magnetite nanoparticles (10-20 nm) dispersed on octahedral lattice of hydrotalcite. The position investigation of magnetite particles in the hydrotalcite structure is very useful to determining applications of this composite in various fields, especially that involve ion exchange feature from hydrotalcite.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v0i0.4526