bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Ultrasound Virtual Reality in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Fan Mingqiang , Yang Xiangxiang , Ding Tao , Cao Yu , Si Qiaoke , Bai Jing , Lin Yongchun , Zhao Xinke
Published: August 2021

Cardiovascular disease is a common chronic disease in the medical field, which has a great impact on the health of Chinese residents (especially the elderly). At present, the effectiveness of the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in my country is not optimistic. Overall, the prevalence and mortality of CVD are still on the rise. The timely and effective detection and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are of great practical significance to improve the health of residents and to carry out prevention and treatment. This article aims to study the application of ultrasound-based virtual reality technology in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the diagnosis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases by medical staff. The focus is on the application of feature attribute selection related algorithms and classification related algorithms in medical and health diagnosis systems, and a cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease diagnosis system based on naive Bayes algorithm and improved genetic algorithm is designed and developed. The system builds a diagnostic model for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and diagnoses and displays the corresponding results based on the patient’s examination data. This paper first puts forward the theoretical concepts of ultrasonic virtual reality technology, scientific computing visualization, genetic algorithm, naive Bayes algorithm, and surgery simulation system and describes them in detail. Then, we construct a three-dimensional ultrasonic virtual measurement system, from the collection and reconstruction of image data to the filtering and segmentation of image data, plus the application of three-dimensional visualization and virtual reality technology to construct a three-dimensional measurement system. The experimental results in this paper show that 10 isolated congenital heart disease models with atrial septal defect (ASD) established through the use of three-dimensional visualization and virtual reality technology measured the short diameter, long diameter, and area of the atrial septal defect in the left and right atria. Finally, a value of L less than 0.05 indicates that the statistics are meaningful, and a value of r generally greater than 0.9 indicates that the virtual measurement result is highly correlated with the real measurement result.
Determination of Cytokines and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Cognitive Impairment Induced by Methylmalonic Acidemia
Authors: Li Qiliang , Jin Hong , Liu Ying , Rong Yu , Yang Tana , Nie Xiaolu , Song Wenqi
Published: August 2021

Objective: Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is the most common organic acidemia in children. Many patients with MMA suffered from cognitive impairments. The aim of this study was to identify the significance of cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers in MMA-induced cognitive impairment. Methods: We enrolled 64 children with combined MMA and homocystinuria and 64 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Participants were subsequently classified as with or without cognitive impairments using a uniform neuropsychological assessment test. Serum samples were collected. The serum levels of cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers were measured using the ELISA or chemical methods. Results: Compared to control group, the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) in the MMA patients increased markedly (p < 0.05); glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased obviously (p < 0.01). The levels of IL-6, TNF-α, NO, and MDA in the serum were negatively associated with DQ or IQ scores. The levels of GSH and SOD in the serum were positively correlated with DQ or IQ scores. After receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, NO was the most useful individual marker for distinguishing the cognitive dysfunction, corresponding to the area under ROC curve (AUC) of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.74–0.91), sensitivity of 76.60%, and specificity of 80.25%. GSH and MDA were also useful for diagnosis of MMA-induced cognitive dysfunction, corresponding to the AUC of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.70–0.89), and 0.73 (95% CI, 0.63–0.82), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of GSH were 72.34 and 80.25%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of MDA were 85.11 and 51.85%, respectively. Conclusions: The high-concentration methylmalonic acid in the blood induced immune cells to release pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. These cytokines and high-concentration methylmalonic acid stimulated the immune cells to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). The serum methylmalonic acid, cytokines, ROS, and RNS were across the blood-brain barrier and induced cognitive impairment. The small molecule substances such as serum NO, MDA, and GSH participated in the process of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress injury induced by MMA and could be useful for distinguishing the cognitive impairment.
Artificial Intelligence in Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsies
Authors: Kezlarian Brie , Lin Oscar
Published: August 2021

Background: From cell phones to aerospace, artificial intelligence (AI) has wide-reaching influence in the modern age. In this review, we discuss the application of AI solutions to an equally ubiquitous problem in cytopathology – thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Thyroid nodules are common in the general population, and FNAB is the sampling modality of choice. The resulting prevalence in the practicing pathologist’s daily workload makes thyroid FNAB an appealing target for the application of AI solutions. Summary: This review summarizes all available literature on the application of AI to thyroid cytopathology. We follow the evolution from morphometric analysis to convolutional neural networks. We explore the application of AI technology to different questions in thyroid cytopathology, including distinguishing papillary carcinoma from benign, distinguishing follicular adenoma from carcinoma and identifying non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features by key words and phrases. Key Messages: The current literature shows promise towards the application of AI technology to thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy. Much work is needed to define how this powerful technology will be of best use to the future of cytopathology practice.
Sympathetic Nervous System Regulation of Auditory Function
Authors: Tian Chaoyong , Zha Dingjun
Published: August 2021

Background: The auditory system processes how we hear and understand sounds within the environment. It comprises both peripheral and central structures. Sympathetic nervous system projections are present throughout the auditory system. The function of sympathetic fibers in the cochlea has not been studied extensively due to the limited number of direct projections in the auditory system. Nevertheless, research on adrenergic and noradrenergic regulation of the cochlea and central auditory system is growing. With the rapid development of neuroscience, auditory central regulation is an extant topic of focus in research on hearing. Summary: As such, understanding sympathetic nervous system regulation of auditory function is a growing topic of interest. Herein, we review the distribution and putative physiological and pathological roles of sympathetic nervous system projections in hearing. Key Messages: In the peripheral auditory system, the sympathetic nervous system regulates cochlear blood flow, modulates cochlear efferent fibers, affects hair cells, and influences the habenula region. In central auditory pathways, norepinephrine is essential for plasticity in the auditory cortex and affects auditory cortex activity. In pathological states, the sympathetic nervous system is associated with many hearing disorders. The mechanisms and pathways of sympathetic nervous system modulation of auditory function is still valuable for us to research and discuss.
Epidemiology of Parkinson’s Disease in Chile
Authors: Vial Felipe , Delgado Iris , Idiaquez Juan Francisco , Canals Francisca , Chana-Cuevas Pedro
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. There is no epidemiological description of PD in Chile and not many descriptions in Latin America. This study aims to describe the incidence and prevalence of PD in Chile. Methods: The study group was the population on the public health system in Chile between 2010 and 2018 that were registered in the GES system as having PD. Crude and standardized prevalence and incidence were calculated with a 95% confidence interval. Results: 33,345 patients were found in the register as confirmed cases with PD. The crude incidence in 2018 was 23.7/100,000; the crude prevalence in 2018 was 160.7/100,000. The male-to-female ratio was 1.03. Conclusion: The prevalence and incidence observed in the Chilean population are consistent with studies from other countries.
A Middle-Aged Man Presented with Quadriparesis during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chowdhury Forhad Uddin Hasan , Paul Shrebash , Aman Sakib , Haque Ashraful , Rafiquzzaman Md , Rahman Mujibur , Chowdhury Fazle Rabbi
Published: August 2021

The clinical presentation of COVID-19 is varied: from asymptomatic to severe neurological syndrome like stroke can happen. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) as a manifestation of COVID-19 is not very common. GBS is an acute immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy that usually occurs following previous exposure to infection. Here, we are reporting a case of GBS related to COVID-19 infection. The reported case presented with quadriparesis and was diagnosed with GBS after evaluation. At the same time, his RT-PCR for COVID-19 was also positive. Interestingly, this patient suffered from COVID-19 2 months before this presentation. He was successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. The clinician should be aware of severe neurological complications such as GBS as a potentially life-threatening complication related to COVID-19.
Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis: A Call for Optimizing Diagnostic Sensitivity by the Hematology Laboratory
Authors: Lardinois Benjamin , Miller Laurence , Randazzo Adrien , Laurent Terry , Debois Régis , Henry Stéphanie
Published: August 2021

In the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the demonstration of malignant cells by cytological examination is currently the gold standard for the diagnosis of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC). However, a positive cytology is observed in only 50–60% of patients with LC and highly dependent on pre-analytical factors. The hematology laboratory could provide an immediate and accurate diagnosis, but diagnostic sensitivity is not always optimized once the sample is received. We hereby report a 49-year-old woman with a 3-year grade III invasive ductal carcinoma who was admitted to the emergency department due to headaches, nausea, and vomiting. The CSF revealed pleocytosis with suspicious high fluorescent cells on the hematology analyzer concomitantly with biochemical alterations. Cytomorphological examination confirmed tumor cells, thus diagnosing a leptomeningeal metastasis of her breast cancer. The patient was eventually transferred to palliative care. Cytological examination is a valuable tool for a rapid diagnosis of LC if diagnostic performance is optimized. In addition to repeated CSF collections with a sufficient volume (5–10 mL), this could be reached by processing the CSF as soon as possible, taking into account the fluorescence information from the analyzer, proceeding systematically to microscopic examination even with normal CSF white blood cell count, and providing quality improvement of the staff to identify malignant cells.
Salvage Resection of Mediastinal Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumor in a Patient with Extrathoracic Involvement upon Progression following High-Dose Chemotherapy
Authors: Chou Jia-Ling , Tse David
Published: August 2021

Primary mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumor with extrathoracic metastases is associated with a very high mortality rate, and there is no consensus regarding optimal upfront therapy. Once patients fail the first-line treatment, salvage therapy often fails to effectively control the disease. Resection of the residual mediastinal mass does not appear to achieve long-term control in those who have extrathoracic metastases following conventional first-line systemic therapy. We report a case where a young man presented with symptomatic brain metastases as well as extensive visceral involvement of the liver, small intestine, and lungs. He was successfully managed with multimodality treatment including high-dose chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem cell support following standard first-line chemotherapy, resection of mediastinal disease, lung metastasectomy, and stereotactic brain radiation. He has achieved long-term survival.
Bilateral Primary Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of Proximal Femur: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Kushwaha Sudhir Shyam , Shantanu Kumar , Maurya Garima , Pandey Abhishek
Published: August 2021

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) are blood-filled, locally destructive, expansile lesions of the bone. ABC of the proximal femur is usually unilateral in presentation. As far as the English literature is concerned, there is no case report of bilateral involvement of the proximal femur by primary ABC. We hereby present a rare case of bilateral primary ABC of the proximal femur with pathological fracture of the right femoral neck. The patient underwent right hip hemiarthroplasty and open biopsy and curettage of the left proximal femur. ABC is usually unilateral in location. Whenever there is a bilateral lesion in the proximal femur usually ABC is not suspected as a differential diagnosis, but ABC may have a bilateral presentation.
An Unusual Case of Hypopituitarism as an Adverse Effect of Vandetanib and Remission of Breast Metastases in a Patient with Medullary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: García-Moreno Rosa M. , Moreno-Domínguez Óscar , Castelo-Fernández Beatriz , Yébenes-Gregorio Laura , Torres-Sánchez Isabel , Álvarez-Escolá Cristina
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been a breakthrough in the treatment of advanced medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), and they can prolong progression-free survival (PFS). Case Presentation: A patient with MTC and metastatic spread to the lymph nodes, lungs, bones, breast, and cerebellum started treatment with vandetanib. During treatment, she developed secondary adrenal insufficiency and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. After 9 years of vandetanib therapy, the disease has not progressed and the patient maintains a complete response of the breast metastases and a partial response of the other metastatic lesions. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of secondary adrenal insufficiency and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism related to therapy with vandetanib. Moreover, the prolonged PFS and the complete disappearance of some of the metastatic lesions in this patient are truly unusual.
O Río Atrato
Authors: Toro Natalia Quiceno , Valencia Esteban
Published: August 2021

Photographic essay about Atrato River
Rolezão preto: Uma autoetnografia sobre o corpo negro em um centro cultural no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Brazo Dionísio de Almeida
Published: August 2021

Este texto objetiva refletir sobre as formas de ocupação do corpo negro nos espaços. Farei isso, a partir de um exercício autoetnográfico que, por meio dos sentidos e sensibilidades suscitados na minha participação de uma visita mediada a exposição de arte de um artista negro dos Estados Unidos, no Rio de Janeiro. Diante disso, a discussão do texto perpassa sobre as lutas históricas para transformar a ausência e presença, apontando para a utilização do rolezinho como ferramenta política potente na ocupação dos espaços.
Guia de relações multiespécies na Baía de Florianópolis - SC
Authors: Oliveira Ivan Tadeu Gomes de
Published: August 2021

o presente ensaio busca, a partir de métodos etnográficos em movimento, descrever histórias de assembleias multiespécies perturbadas por infraestruturas antropocênicas na baía de Florianópolis – SC, Brasil. Para isso, nos inspiramos em discussões da antropologia das paisagens. Contra noções que tratam a paisagem como um espaço-objeto alheio aos habitantes-sujeitos, procuramos evidenciar as continuidades entre habitantes – humanos ou não humanos – e paisagem. Para nos auxiliar na tarefa de produzir uma etnografia menos pautada pelo excepcionalismo humano, buscamos diálogos transdisciplinares entre a Antropologia e campos científicos muitas vezes alheios às etnografias, tais como: a Ecologia, a Biologia, a Literatura e a Hidrografia. A partir das reflexões de Tim Ingold referentes a habilidades, coordenamos tais diálogos transversais com os saberes aprendidos junto a pescadores, peixes, marés, ventos e infraestruturas daninhas, a fim de conhecer os modos a partir dos quais as infraestruturas erguidas na baía afetaram e afetam as coordenações mais que humanas. Por fim, procuramos identificar e descrever os processos de ressurgências criativas fruto das relações multiespécies entre os habitantes da paisagem. A materialização da etnografia se deu a partir de uma diversidade de suportes: dos textos científicos tradicionais às descrições críticas em linguagem poético literária, passando pelos desenhos etnográficos feitos no e a partir do campo e exposições em websites e redes sociais. Ao fim e ao cabo, concluímos que já não nos basta preservar, é preciso recuperar as paisagens perturbadas na baía de Florianópolis. À essa tarefa urgentíssima é preciso mais que dar ouvidos aos seus habitantes tradicionais – humanos e não humanos: é preciso reconhecer sua voz, seus saberes, suas estratégias de ressurgência.
Hacer investigación en la sociabilidad nocturna: una reflexión metodológica sobre los proyectos migratorios de las mujeres trans y travestis sudamericanas en el AMBA
Authors: Perez Ripossio Ramiro Nicolas
Published: August 2021

En este artículo presento una reflexión metodológica sobre la práctica investigativa en espacios de sociabilidad nocturna (discotecas y bares) sobre un estudio acerca de los proyectos migratorios de las travestis/trans sudamericanas que residieron en el AMBA durante los años 2017-2019, teniendo en cuenta algunas características de estos itinerarios. Aquí, me preguntó por los modos de proceder en la noche dado los desafíos éticos que supone. La tradición etnográfica que ha investigado a la población travesti/trans desde la década de 1990 se ha preocupado por las maneras en que los/as investigadores acceden a campo teniendo en cuenta que la reflexividad, la posicionalidad y la subjetividad del etnógrafo resultan fundamentales. En particular, el lugar del cuerpo sexuado del investigador/a ha adquirido relevancia central en las preocupaciones antropológicas debido a que se considera que posee múltiples implicancias en el trabajo investigativo. De acuerdo con los procedimientos aplicados describo las performances llevadas a cabo en la noche, es decir, en la sociabilidad nocturna, prestándole atención a los desafíos teóricos metodológicos.
La antropología de la nueva normalidad: una realidad digital
Authors: Cruz Tatiana Alejandra
Published: August 2021

En este artículo se abordará el campo de la antropología digital desde la comprensión de sus orígenes y de los personajes que han aportado a la construcción teórica y práctica de esta disciplina. Se explorarán los diversos campos donde el papel de la antropología digital es fundamental para explicar fenómenos sociales, culturales y tecnológicos. También se propondrá una reflexión sobre el cuestionamiento de la disciplina con miras al entendimiento de la aplicabilidad de la antropología digital en el campo laboral, tomando como ejemplo el caso colombiano y los hallazgos que al respecto arroja la “Encuesta sobre el mercado laboral de la antropología en Colombia” desarrollada por Antropolab.
Campo de edição
Authors: Porto Dora
Published: August 2021

O ensaio reflete sobre a prática de editora científica, realizada pela autora ao longo de 12 anos em duas revistas científicas no campo da bioética no Brasil. Apresenta em linhas gerais sugestões aspectos pessoais e profissionais considerados importantes ao exercício da função. Objetiva fornecer elementos para que estudantes das áreas das Ciências Sociais possam conhecer e optar por esta atividade.
Un antropólogo en el museo: reflexiones a partir de la experiencia de la profesionalización de la antropología en los museos colombianos
Authors: Botero Héctor Garcia
Published: August 2021

La presencia de la antropología en los museos tiene una larga tradición, tanto en las tradiciones hegemónicas como subalternas de la disciplina. Desde finales del siglo XX, el tratamiento de las colecciones de “los otros” de la modernidad, históricamente ligado a la experticia de los antropólogos, ha sido objeto de cuestionamiento crítico desde distintos lugares, tanto académicos como no-académicos. Este texto presenta una mirada personal sobre esos asuntos para proponer una forma específica de hacer y pensar la antropología en los museos.
On some species of Psalidognathus Gray, especially those of the group “superbus” (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Prioninae)
Authors: SANTOS-SILVA ANTONIO , SPOONER AMORET
Published: August 2021

The identity of Psalidognathus mygaloides Thomson, 1859 is discussed. The dates of the works in which P. modestus Fries, 1834, P. superbus Fries, 1834, and P. sallei Thomson, 1859 have been described are corrected. The designation of lectotypes for the following species by Quentin & Villiers (1983) is considered to have no nomenclatural value: P. testaceus Thomson, 1877, P. viridiobscurus Thomson, 1877, P. violaceous Thomson, 1877, P. subniger Thomson, 1877, P. ater Thomson, 1877, P. incas Thomson, 1859, P. boucardi Thomson, 1874, P. gloriosus Thomson, 1880, P. sallei, and P. deyrollei Thomson, 1877. A lectotype is designated for P. superbus. Psalidognathus deyrollei is revalidated, and P. sallei is considered a species different from P. friendii Gray, 1831. The following new synonymies are established: P. superbus is a junior synonym of P. friendii; P. victorsinyaevi Lazarev & Marzin, 2019 is a junior synonym of P. rufescens Quentin & Villiers, 1983.
The Interlinkages Between Paid and Unpaid Labour: A Homage to Krishna Bharadwaj
Authors: Ghosh Jayati
Published: August 2021

In this article, I attempt to extend Krishna Bharadwaj’s insight on interlinked rural markets to the analysis of the interlinkages between paid and unpaid economic activities; in other words, between work and employment. Specifically, I argue that the gendered division of labour in India creates much greater involvement in unpaid labour for women, which in turn has direct and pervasive implications for their involvement in paid employment. Indeed, the interlinkage between the two is so profound that it is impossible to understand trends in one without assessing trends in the other.

JEL Codes: J210, J220, J46, J710
The Relevance of Women’s Economic Marginalization to Recidivism
Authors: Morash Merry , Kashy Deborah A.
Published: August 2021

This study examines whether changes over time in women’s criminogenic needs, particularly their financial needs, predict recidivism. In a 9-year longitudinal study, 304 women were interviewed repeatedly during 4.5 years after probation/parole began. Women provided data on both their gender-specific and gender-neutral criminogenic needs. Women’s average standing on each need and an index of their change in the need over time were computed and used to predict subsequent recidivism over the 3.4 years after the final interview. Women whose financial needs decreased were less likely to be rearrested and convicted relative to other women. The findings highlight the importance of considering a multifaceted and gender-specific definition of economic marginalization in both theory and practice. At the policy level, there is a need to reduce justice-involved women’s financial needs. In addition, further longitudinal research should be conducted to understand how different type of changes in women’s lives impact recidivism.
Influence of different curing regimes on properties of new copolymer of chloroprene and acrylonitrile
Authors: De Sarkar Mousumi , Sunada Takashi , Kondo Atsunori
Published: August 2021

The curing system plays a vital role in designing rubber compounds for various industrial applications. Therefore, it is paramount to establish viable curing strategies for any new elastomer to explore its application potentials and commercial significance. Impacts of different curing regimes on the properties of a recently developed copolymer of chloroprene and acrylonitrile (acrylonitrile-chloroprene rubber, NCR) are reported here. Several primary accelerators (four from thiourea- and one from thiazolene product families) were used for curing the new rubber along with fixed loadings of zinc oxide (5 phr) and magnesium oxide (4 phr). Besides, curatives based on sulfur and peroxide were also evaluated. The influence of different curing systems on the rheological and physical properties of the copolymer was explored. It has been seen that the properties of the copolymer are considerably influenced by the different curing systems used. While ethylene thiourea (ETU) and propylene thiourea (PTU), as primary accelerators, provide the highest state of cure but may cause scorch. The use of trimethyl thiourea (TMU), on the other hand, results in the fastest rate and the most stable state of cure, good scorch safety, bin stability, and an overall good balance of properties. The sulfur-based crosslinking system induces good mechanical properties but causes limited bin stability, poor high-temperature compression set, and impaired heat resistance properties. As a curing agent, peroxide delivers the best bin stability in the rubber stocks but yields higher stiffness and limited aging resistance in the vulcanizates.
Creativity, autonomy and Dalcroze Eurhythmics: An arts practice exploration
Authors: Daly Diane K
Published: August 2021

This paper investigates the impact of Dalcroze Eurhythmics on fostering creativity and autonomy in classical instrumental pedagogy. The research took the form of an arts practice investigation which included devising, rehearsing, performing and documenting two performance events, drawing on Dalcroze Eurhythmics techniques rather than conventional classical music approaches. Autoethnography and other arts-based methods were utilised to develop and gather data. The paper presents an overview of Dalcroze Eurhythmics from the perspective of a performer, namely this researcher, and discusses how the method informed my arts practice investigation. It concludes with a discussion on key findings around creativity and autonomy, and the proposal that this approach has the potential to greatly enhance students experience of performance music education, as well as improve performance quality and satisfaction in their ensuing professional careers.
Drizzling sympathy: Ideal victims and flows of sympathy in Swedish courts
Authors: Törnqvist Nina
Published: August 2021

By connecting sociological perspectives on sympathy with the concept of ‘ideal victims’, this article examines how sympathy forms and informs legal thought and practices in relation to victim status in Swedish courts. In its broadest sense, sympathy can be understood as an understanding and care for someone else’s suffering and in many contexts victimization and sympathy are densely entangled. However, since ideals of objectivity and neutrality prevail in court, emotional norms are narrow and sympathy is met with suspicion. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Swedish courts, I argue that while sympathetic feelings are mostly backgrounded, they are still a central part of court proceedings and deliberations. The main findings suggest that prosecutors and victims’ counsel use ‘sympathy cues’ to evoke the judges’ concern for the complainants and to facilitate their empathic imagination of the complainant’s situation. In relation to this finding, judges engage in emotion work in order to not be affected by these sympathy cues. The study also shows that in encounters with ‘ideal victims’ who perform a playful resistance to their victimization, legal actors show sympathy more freely and accept moments of temporary relief from the normal interaction order in court.
National culture and corporate carbon performance
Authors: Luo Le , Tang Qingliang
Published: August 2021

This study investigates the effects of cultural, institutional and natural ecosystems on corporate response to climate change. We find that national cultural tendencies towards future orientation, uncertainty avoidance, gender egalitarianism and humane orientation strengthen corporate performance, whereas certain other cultural dimensions, such as in-group collectivism, pose barriers to optimal carbon performance. We suggest that culture provides an incremental explanation for corporate climate behaviours beyond socioeconomic or regulatory determinants. Our study contributes to the carbon literature by comprehensively examining the role of a country’s national culture in determining corporate carbon performance, and its findings may help in the implementation of international climate accords (such as the Paris Agreement of 2015) in countries with heterogeneous cultural values and natural environmental contexts.

JEL Classification: G54, Q56, P48
What do people want to know about “Growing Up with Migraine”? Results of a preference survey of people with lived experience to guide future research
Authors: McGinley James S , Savord Andrea , Houts Carrie R , Wirth RJ , Lipton Richard B , Buse Dawn C
Published: August 2021

In recent years, emphasis has been placed on conducting headache research that is patient-centered to more explicitly incorporate the input of people who live with headache diseases. The Growing Up with Migraine Study was developed with this intention using a two-step process: 1. develop and administer a survey to identify research areas that matter most to people with adolescent migraine and/or their caregivers and 2. use the survey results to guide future secondary data analyses. This brief report summarizes the survey results from 373 individuals impacted by adolescent migraine. Findings suggested that people with history of adolescent migraine and/or their caregivers are most interested in research about migraine comorbidities and effects on psychological/social/emotional health, along with health-related outcomes and family-related topics. Future quantitative studies are planned that will explore these patient-identified priorities through secondary data analysis of an existing dataset.
The Effects of Blood Flow Restriction in Patients Undergoing Knee Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wengle Lawrence , Migliorini Filippo , Leroux Timothy , Chahal Jaskarndip , Theodoropoulos John , Betsch Marcel
Published: August 2021

Background:

Blood flow restriction (BFR) training has been shown to have beneficial effects in reducing quadriceps muscle atrophy and improving strength in patients with various knee pathologies. Furthermore, the effectiveness of BFR training in patients undergoing knee surgery has been investigated to determine if its use can improve clinical outcomes.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effectiveness of BFR training in patients undergoing knee surgery. We hypothesized that BFR, before or after surgery, would improve clinical outcomes as well as muscle strength and volume.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

This systematic review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed literature was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases from 1980 to present. Search results were limited to those assessing BFR training in patients undergoing knee surgery published in a scientific peer-reviewed journal in English. Selected studies subsequently underwent data extraction, methodological quality assessment, and data analysis.

Results:

Eleven studies were eligible, including anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (n = 10) and knee arthroscopy (n = 1). Two studies specifically assessed BFR use in the preoperative time frame. For the meta-analysis, including 4 studies, the primary outcome variables included the cross-sectional area of the quadratus femoris muscle group assessed with magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasonography, and patient-reported outcome measure scores. The results demonstrated that BFR use in the postoperative time period can lead to a significant improvement in the cross-sectional area when quantifying muscle atrophy. However, there were no significant differences found for patient-reported outcome measures between the included studies. It should be noted that 4 of the included papers in this review reported increases in clinical strength when using BFR in the postoperative setting. Last, preoperative BFR training did not show any significant clinical benefit between the 2 studies.

Conclusion:

This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to study the effects of BFR in patients undergoing knee surgery. The results of this analysis show that BFR in the postoperative period after knee surgery can improve quadriceps muscle bulk compared with a control group. However, future research should examine the effects of preconditioning with BFR before surgery. Lastly, BFR protocols need to be further investigated to determine which provide the best patient outcomes. This will help standardize this type of treatment modality for future studies.
Association of Pitch Timing and Throwing Arm Kinetics in High School and Professional Pitchers
Authors: Manzi Joseph E. , Dowling Brittany , Wang Zhaorui , Kunze Kyle N. , Estrada Jennifer , Fu Michael C. , McElheny Kathryn L. , Carr James B. , Dines Joshua S.
Published: August 2021

Background:

Understanding the relationship between the temporal phases of the baseball pitch and subsequent joint loading may improve our understanding of optimal pitching mechanics and contribute to injury prevention in baseball pitchers.

Purpose:

To investigate the temporal phases of the pitching motion and their associations with ball velocity and throwing arm kinetics in high school (HS) and professional (PRO) baseball pitchers.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

PRO (n = 317) and HS (n = 54) baseball pitchers were evaluated throwing 8 to 12 fastball pitches using 3-dimensional motion capture (480 Hz). Four distinct phases of the pitching motion were evaluated based on timing of angular velocities: (1) Foot-Pelvis, (2) Pelvis-Torso, (3) Torso-Elbow, and (4) Elbow-Ball. Peak elbow varus torque, shoulder internal rotation torque, and shoulder distraction force were also calculated and compared between playing levels using 2-sample t tests. Linear mixed-effect models with compound symmetry covariance structures were used to correlate pitch velocity and throwing arm kinetics with the distinct temporal phases of the pitching motion.

Results:

PRO pitchers had greater weight and height, and faster ball velocities than HS pitchers ( P < .001). There was no difference in total pitch time between groups ( P = .670). PRO pitchers spent less time in the Foot-Pelvis ( P = .010) and more time in the Pelvis-Torso ( P < .001) phase comparatively. Shorter time spent in the earlier phases of the pitching motion was significantly associated with greater ball velocity for both PRO and HS pitchers (Foot-Pelvis: B = −6.4 and B = −11.06, respectively; Pelvis-Torso: B = −6.4 and B = −11.4, respectively), while also associated with increased shoulder proximal force (Pelvis-Torso: B = −76.4 and B = −77.5, respectively). Decreased time in the Elbow-Ball phase correlated with greater shoulder proximal force for both cohorts (B = −1150 and B = −645, respectively) with no significant correlation found for ball velocity.

Conclusion:

Significant differences in temporal phases exist between PRO and HS pitchers. For all pitchers, increased time spent in the final phase of the pitching motion has the potential to decrease shoulder distraction force with no significant loss in ball velocity.

Clinical Relevance:

Identifying risk factors for increased shoulder and elbow kinetics, acting as a surrogate for loading at the respective joints, has potential implications in injury prevention.
Numerical and experimental investigations of the effect of temperature and moisture on the repose angle of railway ballast
Authors: Liu Jianxing , Wang Ping , Liu Ganzhong , Du Shuai , Chen Rong , Dai Jiacheng
Published: August 2021

The angle of repose (AOR) is one of the key parameters used to comprehensively characterize the basic mechanical properties and stacking properties of granular materials. In this research, the influence of temperature and moisture on the stacking performance of railway ballast was studied through tests of the AOR. Additionally, the parameters of the discrete element method (DEM) for ballast beds with various temperatures and moisture levels were calibrated and combined with the response surface method. Then, the AORs of the ballast in different environments were simulated with the DEM, and the micromechanical properties of the ballast in dry, wet, low-temperature, and frozen environments were compared. The results showed that the AOR of the ballast in a frozen environment was smaller than that in a dry environment at the same low temperature (the difference could reach 8.48° at −30°C). The AOR of the ballast increased with the decrease of the temperature in a dry environment (18.44% increase between 20°C and −30°C). The AOR of the ballast decreased with the decrease of the temperature in a wet (frozen) environment (22.86% decrease between 20°C and −30°C). In addition, the validity tests of the AOR simulations of ballast proved that the obtained parameters could be used in the DEM models of ballast for the corresponding temperature and moisture. At the same time, it was found that with the change of temperature and moisture, the force chain network of the ballast would also change.
Resolvin D1 protects against cadmium chloride-induced memory loss and hippocampal damage in rats: A comparison with docosahexaenoic acid
Authors: Shati Ali A , El-Kott Attalla F
Published: August 2021

Background

Intoxication with cadmium (Cd) ions leads to hippocampal damage and cognitive impairment. However, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) exert neuroprotective effects in different animal models of neurodegeneration.

Purpose

This study compared the neuroprotective effect of the n-3 PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and its downstream metabolite, resolvin D1 (RVD1), on hippocampal damage and memory deficits in cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-treated rats.

Research design

Control or CdCl2 (0.5 mg/kg)-treated rats were subdivided into three groups ( n = 18/each) and treated for 6 weeks as follows: (1) fed control diet, (2) fed DHA-rich diets (0.7 g/100 g), or (3) treated with RVD1 (0.2 μg/kg, i.p).

Results

Treatment with a DHA-rich diet or RVD1 significantly increased the levels of docosahexaenoic acid and RVD1, respectively, in the hippocampal of CdCl2-treated rats without affecting the reduction in the expression of the 15-lipooxygenase-1 (ALOX15). These effects were associated with improvements in rats’ memory function and hippocampal structure, as well as a redction in the hippocampal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear localization of the nuclear factor-kappa beta p65 (NF-κB p65), and expression of cleaved caspase-3. Concomitantly, hippocampi of both groups of rats showed significantly higher levels of Bcl-2, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH), as well as enhanced nuclear levels of the nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf-2). The effects of RVD1 on all these markers in the CdCl2-induced rats were more profound than those of DHA. Also, the increase in the nuclear protein levels of Nrf-2 and the decrease in the levels of Bax and nuclear protein levels of NF-κB p65 were only seen in the hippocampal of CdCl2 + RVD1-treated rats.

Conclusion

RVD1 is more powerful than DHA in preventing CdCl2-induced memory loss and hippocampal damage in rats.
In praise of urban walking: Towards understanding of walking as a subversive bodily practice in neoliberal space
Authors: Poteko Kaja , Doupona Mojca
Published: August 2021

Focusing on the steps that literally and metaphorically guide us today, this paper takes walking as its main subject and establishes it theoretically as a form of subversive bodily movement. If contemporary sociological and humanistic treatments of walking show that this everyday practice has not been completely overlooked, the gap opens at the level of thinking it in relation to the dominant social order and its spatial and temporal manifestations. As we argue, in the hegemonic neoliberal context, walking has the potential to manifest itself as a practice that breaks with the existing logic of both space and time. Through the methodological application of the cat’s cradle game, we develop a theoretical argumentation to ground walking as a bodily practice that requires different space and different time. Emanating from the body, it opens to the space and time of enjoyment – a heterotopia erected in relation to the current neoliberal hegemony, but in the manner of a crack, a path that carries the projection of a possible alternative.
The Human–Animal Bond and Grief and Loss: Implications for Social Work Practice
Authors: Whipple Ellen E.
Published: August 2021

The human–animal bond (HAB) is a powerful emotional attachment which often elevates pets to the status of a family member. Because companion animals typically live much shorter lives than humans, grief and loss is a problem that is frequently encountered. Disenfranchised grief over the loss of a companion animal is an area that is often overlooked by mental health professionals. Sife has developed a model for the stages of grief and loss specific to companion animals. Questions about pets should be a part of every initial assessment done on a client. Effective interventions include understanding the significance of the HAB and grief and loss; bibliotherapy; psychoeducation; the importance of rituals; and the use of pet loss support groups.
Evaluation of the Foot Arch in Partial Weightbearing Conditions
Authors: Kimura Tadashi , Thorhauer Eric D. , Kindig Matthew W. , Sangeorzan Bruce J. , Ledoux William R.
Published: August 2021

Background:

Weightbearing plain radiography or computed tomography (CT) is used for diagnosis or treatment selection in foot disorders. This study compared foot alignment between full weightbearing (50% body weight [BW] per foot) plain radiography and nonweightbearing (0% BW) or partial weightbearing (10% BW per foot) CT scans.

Methods:

Subjects had both full (50% BW per foot) weightbearing plain radiographs and either a nonweightbearing (0% BW) or a partial weightbearing (20% BW or 10% BW per foot) CT scan. Feet (n = 89) had been previously classified as pes cavus (n = 14/17 [subjects/feet]), neutrally aligned (NA; 20/30), asymptomatic pes planus (APP; 18/24), and symptomatic pes planus (SPP; 15/18). Lateral talometatarsal angle (LTMA) and calcaneal pitch angle were compared between weightbearing radiography and maximum-intensity projection images generated from CT.

Results:

Significant differences in LTMA were found between nonweightbearing CT scans and full (50% BW per foot) weightbearing plain radiographs: the mean difference was 6.6 degrees in NA, 9.2 degrees in APP, and 11.3 degrees in SPP ( P < .0001); no significant difference in LTMA was found for pes cavus. Although the interaction of foot type ( P = .084) approached statistical significance, pairwise differences between 10% weightbearing and 50% weightbearing images by foot type were significant but small. The 50% weightbearing condition resulted in calcaneal pitch angles the same or slightly lower or higher than those of the 10% weightbearing and nonweightbearing images. LTMA and calcaneal pitch angle measurements made on full (50% BW per foot) weightbearing plain radiographs and non- (0%) or partial (10% BW per foot) weightbearing angles from CT scans were strongly correlated.

Conclusion:

Different foot types have similar 2-dimensional sagittal plane morphologies with partial weightbearing (10% BW per foot) CT scans and, to a lesser degree, nonweightbearing (0%) neutral-position CT scans when compared to full weightbearing (50% BW per foot) plain radiographs.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective case control study.
Treatment of Navicular Stress Fractures With an Algorithmic Approach
Authors: Nunley James A. , Green Cynthia , Morash Joel , Easley Mark E.
Published: August 2021

Background:

Navicular stress fractures are becoming increasingly more common. There is no universal consensus on treatment. We provide an algorithm that we feel will be useful in determining treatment.

Methods:

A retrospective study was performed on all patients having operative treatment of navicular stress fractures during a 10-year period. Acute fractures were treated with open reduction internal fixation. Chronic fractures greater than 3 months were treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and iliac crest bone grafting. Chronic fractures with evidence of sclerosis, avascular changes, or those who failed previous surgery were treated with ORIF, iliac crest bone grafting, as well as vascular bone grafting. Patients’ pain scores were recorded and a return-to-sports scale was used. Radiographic union was compared among the 3 groups using computed tomographic (CT) scans or radiographs.

Results:

Forty-three patients were identified. Fifteen received ORIF alone, 12 were treated with ORIF and bone graft, and 16 had ORIF with vascularized bone grafting. No difference was found among the median age of the 3 groups. In terms of radiographic healing, 3 patients in the ORIF group received radiographs alone. All other patients had follow-up CT scans. ORIF alone group had 80% union, ORIF with bone graft had 75% union, and ORIF with vascularized bone grafting had 100% union. Return to sports did not show any difference among the 3 groups.

Conclusion:

The algorithm dividing navicular stress fractures into 3 distinct groups with different operative techniques helped us address these difficult cases. Vascularized bone grafting certainly appeared to be beneficial for the more difficult cases.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.