bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Persons and women, not womb‐givers: Reflections on gestational surrogacy and uterus transplantation
Authors: Cavaliere Giulia
Published: August 2022

In a recent article in this journal, Alex Mullock, Elizabeth Chloe Romanis and Dunja Begović provide an analysis of gestational surrogacy and uterus transplantation (UTx) from the perspective of those who may decide to act as gestational surrogates and womb donors, referred to as ‘womb‐givers’. In this article, I advance two sets of claims aimed at critically engaging with some aspects of their analysis. Firstly, I argue that the expression ‘womb‐givers’ obscures the biologically, socially and politically salient issue that those who engage in these practices are primarily persons and women. My contention is that this is of substance in discussions of the burdens and benefits of gestational surrogacy and UTx, which need to consider the specific position that women occupy in society, and the hierarchies that mediate their lives, experiences and preferences. Second, I argue that, if one were to take seriously the experiences and preferences of the women who may engage in these practices, and their bodily autonomy, then gestational surrogacy and UTx should be regarded as biologically and sociopolitically incommensurable. Mullock et al. overlook important aspects of gestational surrogacy, such as the embodied nature of pregnancy and childbirth, the sociopolitical significance of these experiences, and the often‐oppressive social norms that shape them. Whilst biology is not destiny, I suggest that it is socially and politically ‘sticky’ when it comes to this significance and norms, especially within the sphere of reproduction. Towards the end of the article, I query the authors' conceptualisation of bodily autonomy and of the instruments that enable its respect and promotion.
The oral bacterium Streptococcus mutans promotes tumor metastasis by inducing vascular inflammation
Authors: Yu Li , Maishi Nako , Akahori Erika , Hasebe Akira , Takeda Ryo , Matsuda Aya Yanagawa , Hida Yasuhiro , Nam Jin‐Min , Onodera Yasuhito , Kitagawa Yoshimasa , Hida Kyoko
Published: August 2022

Recent studies have demonstrated a relationship between oral bacteria and systemic inflammation. Endothelial cells (ECs), which line blood vessels, control the opening and closing of the vascular barrier and contribute to hematogenous metastasis; however, the role of oral bacteria‐induced vascular inflammation in tumor metastasis remains unclear. In this study, we examined the phenotypic changes in vascular ECs following Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) stimulation in vitro and in vivo. The expression of molecules associated with vascular inflammation and barrier‐associated adhesion was analyzed. Tumor metastasis was evaluated after intravenous injection of S. mutans in murine breast cancer hematogenous metastasis model. The results indicated that S. mutans invaded the ECs accompanied by inflammation and NF‐κB activation. S. mutans exposure potentially disrupts endothelial integrity by decreasing vascular endothelial (VE)‐cadherin expression. The migration and adhesion of tumor cells were enhanced in S. mutans‐stimulated ECs. Furthermore, S. mutans‐induced lung vascular inflammation promoted breast cancer cell metastasis to the lungs in vivo. The results indicate that oral bacteria promote tumor metastasis through vascular inflammation and the disruption of vascular barrier function. Improving oral hygiene in patients with cancer is of great significance in preventing postoperative pneumonia and tumor metastasis.
Association between sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and risk of psoriasis in patients with diabetes mellitus: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Ma Sheng-Hsiang , Wu Chun-Ying , Lyu Ying-Syuan , Chou Yiing-Jenq , Chang Yun-Ting , Wu Chen-Yi
Published: August 2022

Background

Sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) treatment may exert anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome and interleukin-17/23 inflammatory axis, which are both involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. However, the relationship between SGLT2i treatment and psoriasis remains unclear.

Aim

To investigate the association between SGLT2i treatment and incident psoriasis.

Methods

Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database for the period 2007–2018, we matched 103 745 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving SGLT2i with a control group of patients with T2DM who did not use SGLT2i, matching them in a 1 : 2 ratio by age, sex, diabetes duration, insulin use and comorbidities, and evaluating the psoriasis risk in both groups.

Results

The incident psoriasis risk did not significantly differ between the SGLT2i and control groups [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.24, 95% CI 0.95–1.64] after adjustment for potential confounders. Insulin use (HR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.24–2.19) and chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (HR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.01–1.77) were significantly associated with increased psoriasis risk. A slightly increased psoriasis risk was also detected in certain SGLT2i user subgroups, especially those with renal disease (HR = 2.73, 95% CI 1.45–5.13).

Conclusion

SGLT2i-mediated protective effects in psoriasis could not be established. SGLT2i treatment increased psoriasis risk by 2.7-fold in patients with T2DM exhibiting renal diseases.
FiveQ: A new easy‐to‐use validated clinical instrument for tinnitus severity
Authors: Connell James , Harrison Ella , Bassiouni Ahmed , Sahota Raguwinder , Laden Stephanie , Carney Andrew Simon , Foreman Andrew , Krishnan Suren , O'Brien Sinead , Hodge John‐Charles
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Tinnitus is a complex and debilitating phenomenon with potentially significant implications on quality of life. New presentations can be resource and time intensive for clinicians. Validated comprehensive tinnitus questionnaires may lack practical utility in the high‐volume clinical setting. Concise, targeted questionnaires may offer an efficient alternative. This study aimed to assess the validity of the FiveQ, a novel five question construct designed to measure tinnitus severity. Convergent validity was assessed through correlating FiveQ against two comprehensive validated questionnaires, the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ) and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI).

Design

Cross‐sectional study with prospective recruitment. The 117 voluntarily recruited participants completed the FiveQ, THI and THQ questionnaires. Results were comparatively analysed.

Setting

Recruitment was via electronic and print media, audiology clinics and public and private otolaryngology outpatient clinics. Surveys were completed electronically.

Participants

Members of the public aged over 18 with subjective tinnitus were invited to participate.

Main Outcome Measured

Analyses for establishing the content validity, construct validity, internal consistency, explorary factor analysis, and responsiveness of FiveQ was performed.

Results

FiveQ demonstrated a high positive correlation with both the THI (r = 0.773, p < .001) and THQ (r = 0.808, p < .001). Internal consistency for FiveQ reached an acceptable threshold (Cronbach's alpha 0.86). Exploratory factor analysis demonstrated that one latent factor underlies the five items of the FiveQ. FiveQ demonstrated better responsiveness than both the THI and THQ after a 6 week interval repeat measurement.

Conclusion

FiveQ demonstrated high‐positive correlations with existing validated tinnitus questionnaires as well as acceptable internal consistency and factor analysis. The concise construct of FiveQ allows clinicians to efficiently estimate tinnitus severity, target treatment towards dominant symptoms and establish a reliable estimation of treatment response following interventions.
Radiological anatomical variations of the lateral nasal wall and anterior skull base amongst different populations: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zahedi Farah Dayana , Yaacob Najib Majdi , Wang De Yun , Abdullah Baharudin
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To determine the anatomical variations of the lateral nasal wall and anterior skull base amongst populations in different geographical regions.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

Using PRISMA guidelines, SCOPUS and PUBMED databases were searched from inception until 1 March 2022. The regions and populations identified were from Europe, Asia, Middle East, Australia‐New Zealand‐Oceania, South America, North America and Africa. Random‐effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic and Cochran's Q test.

Main outcome measures

Anatomical variations of the lateral nasal wall and anterior skull base confirmed by computed tomography scan.

Results

Fifty‐six articles were included with a total of 11 805 persons. The most common anatomical variation of the ostiomeatal complex was pneumatization of the agger nasi (84.1%), olfactory fossa was Keros type 2 (53.8%) and ethmoids was asymmetry of the roof (42.8%). Sphenoethmoidal and suprabullar cells have a higher prevalence in North Americans (53.7%, 95% CI: 46.00–61.33) while asymmetry of ethmoid roof more common in Middle Easterns (85.5%, 95% CI: .00–100). Bent uncinate process has greater prevalence in Asians while supraorbital ethmoid cells and Keros type 3 more common in non‐Asians. The overall studies have substantial heterogeneity and publication bias.

Conclusion

Certain anatomic variants are more common in a specific population. The ‘approach of analysis’ plays a role in the prevalence estimates and consensus should be made in future studies regarding the most appropriate ‘approach of analysis’ either by persons or by sides.
Hypoglycaemia events with iGlarLixi versus premix biphasic insulin aspart 30 (BIAsp 30) in people with type 2 diabetes advancing from basal insulin: An analysis of the SoliMix trial
Authors: McCrimmon Rory J. , Home Philip , Cheng Alice , Giorgino Francesco , Fonseca Vivian , Souhami Elisabeth , Alvarez Agustina , Picard Pascaline , Rosenstock Julio
Published: August 2022

Aims

To explore details of the incidence and rates of daytime and nocturnal hypoglycaemia, levels of hypoglycaemia, and relationship to glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), when comparing iGlarLixi versus premixed biphasic insulin aspart 30 (BIAsp 30) in the SoliMix randomized controlled trial.

Materials and Methods

This exploratory analysis of SoliMix used logistic regression and negative binomial regression analyses to assess between‐treatment differences in the incidence and rates of hypoglycaemia by time of day. A negative binomial model was used to derive estimated annualized hypoglycaemia rates as a function of HbA1c.

Results

iGlarLixi was associated with lower incidence and rates of American Diabetes Association Level 2 (<54 mg/dL [<3.0 mmol/L]) hypoglycaemia during both night and day versus BIAsp 30. Incidence and rates of Level 1 (<70 to ≥54 mg/dL [<3.9 to ≥3.0 mmol/L]) hypoglycaemia were also mostly shown to be reduced with iGlarLixi versus BIAsp 30. Severe (Level 3) events were too few for analysis (n = 3). iGlarLixi was associated with lower modelled event rates of Level 2 and Level 1 hypoglycaemia over a wide range of HbA1c levels versus BIAsp 30.

Conclusions

These results show that the lower HbA1c levels and weight benefit seen with iGlarLixi versus premixed BIAsp 30 in people with type 2 diabetes advancing their basal insulin therapy in the SoliMix trial are also accompanied by a lower risk of hypoglycaemia at any time of day and across a broad range of HbA1c levels.
Of Conspiracy and Controversy: A Pedagogy of Conspiracy Theories
Authors: Bezalel Glenn
Published: August 2022

The growth of academic discussion about teaching controversial topics in the classroom has been matched by parallel studies into conspiracy theories in recent decades. Despite the interdisciplinary interest in the latter, there has been very little discussion of conspiracy theories within educational discourse. This article takes up the discussion of conspiracy theories in the context of educating about controversies in the classroom. In it, Glenn Bezalel argues first that their prevalence in society means that conspiracy theories inevitably come up in the classroom and so teachers need cogent and comprehensive tools to deal with them. Moreover, conspiracy theories also provide important challenges and opportunities for democratic educational aims and related critical thinking skills. Bezalel then uses case studies to demonstrate that the behavioral and political criteria both fail in principle to serve as effective tools for teaching about conspiracy theories in the classroom. He contends instead that the epistemic criterion proves to be a necessary framework for this purpose, although it is insufficient in meeting the singular existential and social challenges that conspiracy theories also entail. Rather, Bezalel proposes that teachers employ virtue theory as well in order to aid teaching and learning about conspiracy theories, with the complementary aim of promoting and developing students' character and intellectual virtues.
Association between perceived self‐confidence and abilities to distinguish oral mucosal lesions amongst dental students
Authors: Braun Liliana Wolf , de Souza Kargwanski Pâmela , Corrêa Ana Paula Borngräber , Wagner Vivian Petersen , Martins Marco Antonio Trevizani , Rodrigues Ylana Elias , Martins Manoela Domingues , Carrard Vinicius Coelho
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Dentists usually refer to difficulties in performing the diagnosis of oral mucosal lesions. This may be attributed to limited access to theoretical lectures and practical training on this subject along the graduation course. The primary aim of this cross‐sectional study was to verify if there is an association between the perception of time dedicated to lectures/training and oral diagnosis abilities in oral medicine. The secondary aim was to evaluate the association between self‐‐confidence to perform oral mucosal lesions diagnosis and performance in a diagnostic abilities test.

Materials and Methods

The sample comprised 36 final‐year dental students of a South‐Brazilian dental school. The participants answered a questionnaire on their perception of time dedicated to lectures on oral medicine along the course (sufficient or insufficient) and their self‐confidence to diagnose oral mucosal lesions or oral cancer (yes or not). The students were also submitted to a diagnostic abilities test based on 30 clinical photos of oral lesions, which should be classified as benign, potentially malignant or malignant. Moreover, the participants had to inform their clinical impression for each case. Finally, the participants informed their decision making for the case (refer the patient to a specialist or not).

Results

Students with higher self‐confidence showed a higher percentage of correct answers on classification of the nature of lesions (81.1% vs. 68.5%, p = .03, teste t de Student) and on their clinical impression (66.3% vs. 41.7%, p < .01, Student's t‐test). The perception of time dedicated to theoretical lectures on oral medicine as sufficient did not influence the students’ diagnostic abilities (p > .05, Student's t‐test)

Conclusion

It may be concluded that self‐confidence to diagnose oral lesions is associated with dental students’ diagnostic abilities.
Personality traits and income inequalities in self‐rated oral and general health
Authors: Zakershahrak Mehrsa , Brennan David
Published: August 2022

The association of low income with poor health is widely recognized, but why some low‐income individuals do not experience poor health remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether greater positive personality trait scores modify the association between income and oral and general health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL and HRQoL) among a representative sample of the South Australian population. Cross‐sectional self‐rated questionnaire data from a sample of 3645 adults in 2015–2016 were used for secondary analysis. In four factorial ANOVA models, the main effects, interaction, and effect modification of personality traits [measured using the Ten‐Item Personality Inventory (TIPI)] on the association between income and OHRQoL [measured using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14)] and HRQoL [measured using the European Quality of Life indicator (EQ‐5D‐3L)] were assessed. In the low‐income group, participants with greater TIPI scale scores had lower means for the OHIP‐14 and the EQ‐5D‐3L (better OHRQoL and HRQoL). Greater emotional stability scores modified the association between low income and HRQoL and OHRQoL. Stronger positive personality traits, such as emotional stability, appear to ameliorate the adverse effect of income inequalities in health.
A simple fracture model for dam concrete based on the Fuller and Thompson formula
Authors: Guan Junfeng , Li Yue , Bai Weifeng , Hao Ying , Yin Yanan , Yang Biao
Published: August 2022

This study presents a simple model for determining the fracture parameters of dam concrete, by introducing the Fuller and Thompson formula for estimating the average aggregate size dav when only the maximum aggregate size dmax is known. The crack propagation mechanism of dam concrete is analyzed at the mesoscopic level. The calculation method of fictitious crack growth length
and characteristic crack length
of dam concrete is also described. A normally distributed fracture model for the variation of fracture toughness KIC and tensile strength ft with dav is proposed for different specimen patterns (wedge splitting, compact tension, and three‐point bending) and different relative sizes. The fracture parameters derived by this model show consistent with the results obtained in the laboratory. The fracture failure curve of a dam concrete is established, and the peak state of a true structure of large size is also predicted satisfying linear elastic fracture.
Study of overloading retardation on fatigue crack propagation behavior in 300M steel
Authors: Zhou Song , Shen Zhen Xin , Wang Lei , An Jinlan
Published: August 2022

Based on the fatigue life change of 300M landing gear steel due to overload during service, this study innovatively designed four overload modes according to the actual load spectrum of the landing gear. In this study, the application of overload continued until the specimen failed, and the effects of overload ratio, overload type and specimen thickness on the crack propagation behavior of 300M steel were compared and analyzed. The fatigue crack growth rate and fracture morphology of the specimens were characterized and analyzed, and the influence mechanism of the crack growth rate at each stage under different types of overload conditions and the influence of the thickness of the specimen on the overload delay effect were discussed.
River culture: How socio‐ecological linkages to the rhythm of the waters develop, how they are lost, and how they can be regained
Authors: Wantzen Karl Matthias
Published: August 2022

The hydrological patterns of all natural water bodies pulse in variable rhythms of high and low water. The biodiversity of these ecosystems is driven by the changing nature of the environment, allowing different life strategies to coexist, e.g., by the fast reuse of nutrients when aquatic biota flourish in the recently wetted zones and vice versa. Much of the human culture in hydroscapes has developed as an adaptation to this rhythm, e.g., by using the flood‐fertilised floodplains for agriculture or fisheries, or by seasonal migration into or out of the floodplain (transhumance). Technological advances have allowed humans to control, change, or even eliminate this natural water rhythm by building dams, dikes, and canals. Consequently, important ecosystem functions fail, often resulting in failure of human life‐support systems but also in the failure and decline of cultural activities. I argue that the loss of socio‐cultural connectivity to the rhythms of rivers and other hydrosystems occurs in four phases: (i) loss of direct relationships (e.g., uses of waterborne resources), (ii) loss of indirect relationships (cultural activities that are connected to theses uses), (iii) turning away from the river/hydrosystem (often caused by decreased water quality), and (iv) total oblivion (caused by removal or burial of the hydrosystem). Reintegrating more riverine rhythms into human life would not mean to step back in time but rather to find a combination of revised traditional ecological knowledge, learning from nature, changing values in the context of use of natural resources, and innovations. This paper draws on social‐environmental aspects of the River Culture Concept – which attempts to reintegrate respect for the pulsing nature of hydrosystems into modern, sustainable management – and on diverse case studies. Examples are presented on how River Culture Concept approaches may contribute to revitalising socio‐ecological linkages to the rhythm of the waters.
Efficacy, safety and bioequivalence of the human‐derived B‐domain‐deleted recombinant factor VIII TQG202 for prophylaxis in severe haemophilia A patients
Authors: Xi Yaming , Jin Chenghao , Liu Wei , Zhou Hu , Wang Zhen , Zhou Rongfu , Lou Shifeng , Zhao Xielan , Chen Fangping , Cheng Peng , Sun Zimin , Jia Haifei , Zhang Lei
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Current treatment of severe haemophilia A includes prophylaxis with factor VIII (FVIII) replacement. The supply of plasma‐derived FVIII is short in China.

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new B‐domain deleted (BDD) recombinant FVIII (TQG202) produced by human‐derived cells for prophylaxis in severe haemophilia A patients and compare the bioequivalence with Xyntha.

Methods

This multicentre, clinical trial consisted of an open‐label, randomized, two‐period cross‐over trial assessing single‐dose pharmacokinetics (PK), and a single‐arm clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of 24 weeks of TQG202 prophylaxis, and repeated PK were assessed after prophylaxis phase. The single‐dose was 50 IU/kg in PK assessment, and the initial dose was 30 ± 5 IU/kg for prophylaxis. The primary endpoints of prophylaxis were the annualized bleeding rate (ABR) and the incremental recovery rate of the first administration. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded.

Results

Twenty‐six participants were enrolled in the PK assessment and 81 participants in the prophylaxis phase. Mean age was 25.9 ± 10.8 years and all participants were male. The results of PK assessment showed TQG202 is bioequivalent to Xyntha. The total ABR was 2.0 (95% CI: 1.2–2.9) in prophylaxis phase. The mean incremental recovery rate of the first administration was .027 (95% CI: .026–.028) (IU/ml)/(IU/kg). AEs occurred in 42 participants, with an incidence of 51.9%. One severe AE not related to TQG202 occurred. No participants developed FVIII inhibitors.

Conclusion

TQG202 shows bioequivalence with Xyntha. The promising efficacy and tolerability in the severe haemophilia A prophylaxis support the use of TQG202in clinical practice.
In defence of Feser’s Plotinian argument for God’s existence
Authors: Rehman Rashad
Published: August 2022

This paper investigates the prospects of a distinctively Plotinian argument for God’s existence. Specifically, this paper assesses Plotinus’ argument for the One/Good (Enneads; V.1,V.4), a principle rooted in Plato’s Republic (509b6‐9), as a philosophical motivation for an argument for God’s existence. While the appropriative task of using Plotinus’ argument for natural theological purposes is not original to this work, this project remains in its philosophical infancy. It is to this end that the Plotinian background from which the argument proceeds is articulated, and thereafter contextualised in Edward Feser’s Plotinian argument. This work defends Feser against two objections he does not consider, concluding that the appropriative strategy is successful and is a significant contribution to natural theology.
ZrB2‐based solid solution ceramics and their mechanical and thermal properties
Authors: Wu Yue , Bao Weichao , Shen Xiao‐Qin , Liu Ji‐Xuan , Qin Yuan , Liang Yongcheng , Xu Fangfang , Zhang Guo‐Jun
Published: August 2022

Zirconium diboride ceramics as one of the main members of ultrahigh‐temperature ceramics are capable of being used as structural components at ultrahigh temperatures. Entropy adjusting is a newly developed approach to improving the properties of ceramics. In this work, a series of ZrB2‐based solid solution ceramics with different mixing entropies, formulated (ZrxTiyNbyTay)B2 (x = .25, .85, .925, .9625, 1; x + 3y = 1), were prepared by adjusting the content of other diborides. Diboride solid solution powders were synthesized by boro/carbothermal reduction process and then densified by spark plasma sintering. The results show that the formation of a single‐phase solid solution is independent of the mixing entropy in (ZrxTiyNbyTay)B2 system. The addition of other diborides into ZrB2 is beneficial to reduce the particle size of the synthesized powder and promote the densification process. The dense sintered samples with higher mixing entropy have finer grain size, higher hardness, and modulus. The (Zr0.25Ti0.25Nb0.25Ta0.25)B2 ceramic has the highest hardness of 31 GPa and a modulus of 682 GPa. Severe lattice distortion in samples with higher mixing entropy will result in increased phonon scattering and lower thermal conductivity.
Dual‐career Spanish couples in Europe: Work‐family balance in childcare
Authors: Escriva Angeles , Bermúdez Figueroa Eva , Minguela Mª. Ángeles
Published: August 2022

The article explores the childcare arrangements made by Spanish migrants in Belgium, Germany and the United Kingdom. The research is based on semi‐structured interviews conducted after an exploratory survey. The respondents, mostly women with university degrees, had engaged in intra‐European mobility between the economic recession of 2008 and the health crisis of 2020. In the narratives, women in dual‐career couples with young children reflect on how approaching work‐family balance depends on receiving social, institutional and family support. In addition, gender expectations affect negotiations around the sharing of roles and responsibilities in different‐sex couples. Interviewees underline that the gender divide persists or is even reinforced in relation to employment and technological change. Non‐standard and ‐flexible jobs, little access to services or incompatible teleworking with children at home reveal the fragility of care and welfare regimes and, consequently, the limited ability of couples to find satisfaction in the search for a work–family balance.
Anxiety only makes it worse: Exploring the impact mechanisms of app‐based learning on performance progress
Authors: Li Yuhao , Chang Mengyi , Zhao Hanxuan , Jiang Caihong , Xu Sihua
Published: August 2022

Background

Mobile devices facilitate learning activities in a self‐paced way. However, the current understanding of learning participation and its consequence are minimal when learners take advantage of opportunities provided by mobile technologies worldwide.

Aims

The primary purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of environmental incentives on app learning behaviour and learning performance based on a multi‐dimensional approach. We also evaluate whether the role of anxiety attenuates these influences.

Method and objective

In this study, 323 participants’ learning activities were tracked weekly to measure the completion of their daily learning plan during 16 weeks. Then, an online survey was conducted to assess the environmental incentives, perceptions, and self‐evaluations of these participants after the learning tracking process. Participants’ learning progress was measured by the comparison of paired course test scores before and after the tracking period.

Results and Conclusions

The results indicated that engagement, sense of meaning, and stage accomplishment exerted a directly significant influence on shaping the learning habits and outcomes. In addition, the results also tapped the role of anxiety in the app learning context, indicating the significant moderating effects on the relationship between social incentives, stage accomplishment, and learning habits. The app learning habits of the users with high‐level anxiety exerted less impact on their performance progress than users with low‐level anxiety. This study provides insights into how the mobile environment can influence learning activities and learning performance, implying practical implications to leverage mobile technologies for educational purposes.
CXCR3 isoform A promotes head and neck cancer progression by enhancing stem‐like property and chemoresistance
Authors: Sun Wan‐Hsuan , Peng Ta‐Jung , Tang Shye‐Jye , Lin Jo‐Yu , Wang Chia‐Yi , Fang Hsueh‐Jou , Sun Kuang‐Hui
Published: August 2022

Background

The chemokine network orchestrates the cancer stem‐like property and consequently participates in cancer progression. CXCR3 contributes cancer progressive property and immunomodulation in the tumor microenvironment. The two major isoforms of CXCR3 are scrutinized and the divergence is showed that CXCR3A promotes cancer cell growth and motility while CXCR3B functions contrarily in many studies. However, rare studies illustrate the role of CXCR3 isoforms in cancer stem‐like property and chemoresistance, especially in head and neck cancer (HNC).

Methods

Levels of CXCR3, CXCR3B, and Sox2 were determined in HNC tissue microarray by immunohistochemistry staining to explore potential clinical relevance. Lentivirus‐mediated CXCR3‐isoform overexpression with MTS assay, clonogenic assay, transwell migration, sphere formation, and chemo‐drug susceptibility were implemented to investigate the role of CXCR3‐isofoms in HNC.

Results

High levels of CXCR3 were significantly associated with advanced stage (p < 0.01), regional lymph node metastasis (p < 0.05), and poor differentiation (p < 0.005) and further correlated with worse survival rate in oral cancer patients (p = 0.036). Higher levels of CXCR3B were found in regional lymphatic invasion of HNC and progressive stage of squamous cell carcinoma. Elevated Sox2 expression was significantly associated with the advanced stage of HNC in the oral cavity, and demonstrated a co‐expression pattern with CXCR3B. Furthermore, lentivirus‐mediated overexpression of CXCR3A and CXCR3B in SAS human oral cancer cells promoted cell mobility. CXCR3A overexpression enhanced sphere‐forming ability and chemoresistance of CSCs by upregulating stemness‐related genes.

Conclusion

This study first provides a novel insight of CXCR3 isoform A in HNC cancer progression via regulating cancer stem‐like properties and chemoresistance, suggesting that CXCR3A may be a prognostic marker and novel target for HNC therapy.
Nicotinamide mitigates radiation injury in submandibular gland by protecting mitochondrial structure and functions
Authors: Wang Xin Yue , Liu Ke Jian , Zhang Fu Yin , Xiang Bin
Published: August 2022

Background

Radiation damage to salivary gland is inevitable in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. Safe and effective treatments for protecting salivary glands from radiation are still unavailable. Mitochondrial damage is a critical mechanism in irradiated salivary gland; however, treatment targeting mitochondria has not received much attention. Nicotinamide is a key component of the mitochondrial metabolism. Here, we investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of nicotinamide on protecting irradiated submandibular gland.

Methods

Submandibular gland cells and tissues were randomly divided into four groups: control, nicotinamide alone, radiation alone, and radiation with nicotinamide pretreatment. Cell viability was detected by PrestoBlue cell viability reagent. Histopathological alterations were observed with HE staining. Pilocarpine‐stimulated saliva was measured from Wharton's duct. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling assay. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase was examined with immunofluorescence. The levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, mitochondrial membrane potential, and adenosine triphosphate were measured with the relevant kits. The mitochondrial ultrastructure was observed under transmission electron microscopy.

Results

Nicotinamide significantly mitigated radiation damage both in vitro and in vivo. Also, nicotinamide improved saliva secretion and reduced radiation‐induced apoptosis in irradiated submandibular glands. Moreover, nicotinamide improved nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase and the levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/adenosine triphosphate and mitochondrial membrane potential, all of which were decreased by radiation in submandibular gland cells. Importantly, nicotinamide protected the mitochondrial ultrastructure from radiation.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrate that nicotinamide alleviates radiation damage in submandibular gland by replenishing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and maintaining mitochondrial function and ultrastructure, suggesting that nicotinamide could be used as a prospective radioprotectant for preventing radiation sialadenitis.
Effects of dynamic lighting on circadian phase, self‐reported sleep and performance during a 45‐day space analog mission with chronic variable sleep deficiency
Authors: Rahman Shadab A. , Kent Brianne A. , Grant Leilah K. , Clark Toni , Hanifin John P. , Barger Laura K. , Czeisler Charles A. , Brainard George C. , St Hilaire Melissa A , Lockley Steven W.
Published: August 2022

Spaceflight exposes crewmembers to circadian misalignment and sleep loss, which impair cognition and increase the risk of errors and accidents. We compared the effects of an experimental dynamic lighting schedule (DLS) with a standard static lighting schedule (SLS) on circadian phase, self‐reported sleep and cognition during a 45‐day simulated space mission. Sixteen participants (mean age [±SD] 37.4 ± 6.7 years; 5 F; n = 8/lighting condition) were studied in four‐person teams at the NASA Human Exploration Research Analog. Participants were scheduled to sleep 8 h/night on two weekend nights, 5 h/night on five weekday nights, repeated for six 7‐day cycles, with scheduled waketime fixed at 7:00 a.m. Compared to the SLS where illuminance and spectrum remained constant during wake (~4000K), DLS increased the illuminance and short‐wavelength (blue) content of white light (~6000K) approximately threefold in the main workspace (Level 1), until 3 h before bedtime when illuminance was reduced by ~96% and the blue content also reduced throughout (~4000K × 2 h, ~3000K × 1 h) until bedtime. The average (±SE) urinary 6‐sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) acrophase time was significantly later in the SLS (6.22 ± 0.34 h) compared to the DLS (4.76 ± 0.53 h) and more variable in SLS compared to DLS (37.2 ± 3.6 min vs. 28.2 ± 2.4 min, respectively, p = .04). Compared to DLS, self‐reported sleep was more frequently misaligned relative to circadian phase in SLS RR: 6.75, 95% CI 1.55–29.36, p = .01), but neither self‐reported sleep duration nor latency to sleep was different between lighting conditions. Accuracy in the abstract matching and matrix reasoning tests were significantly better in DLS compared to SLS (false discovery rate‐adjusted p ≤ .04). Overall, DLS alleviated the drift in circadian phase typically observed in space analog studies and reduced the prevalence of self‐reported sleep episodes occurring at an adverse circadian phase. Our results support incorporating DLS in future missions, which may facilitate appropriate circadian alignment and reduce the risk of sleep disruption.
Sex differences in sleep quality and psychological distress: Insights from a middle‐aged twin sample from Spain
Authors: Madrid‐Valero Juan J. , Kirkpatrick Robert M. , González‐Javier Francisca , Gregory Alice M. , Ordoñana Juan R.
Published: August 2022

There is a moderate association between poor sleep and psychological distress. There are marked sex differences in the prevalence of both variables, with females outnumbering males. However, the origin of these sex differences remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to: (1) study genetic and environmental influences on the relationship between poor sleep quality and psychological distress; and (2) test possible sex differences in this relationship. The sample comprised 3544 participants from the Murcia Twin Registry. Univariate and multivariate twin models were fitted to estimate the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on both individual variance and covariance between poor sleep quality and psychological distress. Sleep quality and psychological distress were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the EuroQol five‐dimensions questionnaire, respectively. The results reveal a strong genetic association between poor sleep quality and psychological distress, which accounts for 44% (95%CI: 27%–61%) of the association between these two variables. Substantial genetic (rA = 0.50; 95%CI: 0.32, 0.67) and non‐shared environmental (rE = 0.41; 95%CI: 0.30, 0.52) correlations were also found, indicating a moderate overlap between genetic (and non‐shared environmental) factors influencing both phenotypes. Equating sexes in sex‐limitation models did not result in significant decreases in model fit. Despite the remarkable sex differences in the prevalence of both poor sleep quality and psychological distress, there were no sex differences in the genetic and environmental influences on these variables. This suggests that genetic factors play a similar role for men and women in explaining individual differences in both phenotypes and their relationship.
Clinical outcome and Ki67 evaluation in dogs with nodal small cell B‐cell lymphoma diagnosed by flow cytometry
Authors: Rout Emily D. , Fernandez Monica , Yoshimoto Janna A. , Hughes Kelly L. , Avery Anne C. , Burton Jenna H.
Published: August 2022

Background

Nodal small cell B‐cell lymphoma subtypes in dogs cannot be distinguished by flow cytometry and information regarding treatment, prognosis, and outcome are limited.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Objectives were to describe outcome in dogs with nodal small cell B‐cell lymphoma diagnosed by flow cytometry and correlate clinical and laboratory data with survival. We hypothesized that B‐cell Ki67 expression measured by flow cytometry is associated with shorter progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Animals

Forty‐nine dogs with nodal small cell B‐cell lymphoma, defined by >80% CD21+ B‐cells by flow cytometry and small‐sized B‐cells by forward scatter.

Methods

Retrospective study reviewing treatment and outcome data extracted from medical records. Percentage of Ki67‐expressing B‐cells was measured by flow cytometry. Clinical, laboratory, and flow cytometry data were assessed for association with outcome.

Results

Median percentage of B‐cell Ki67 was 41% (range, 3%‐97%). Median PFS was 119 days and median OS was 222 days (n = 49). Among cases treated with CHOP‐based chemotherapy (n = 32), median PFS was 70 days, median OS was 267 days, and 50% of cases achieved complete response. Low percentage of B‐cell Ki67 (≤11%) was associated with prolonged OS by univariable analysis. Greater age, substage B, high B‐cell CD25 expression and low B‐cell CD21 and class II major histocompatibility complex expression by flow cytometry were independently associated with shorter OS.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Most nodal small cell B‐cell lymphoma cases had aggressive disease. Low Ki67 expression can help identify cases with better prognosis. Age, substage, and flow cytometry variables are useful prognostic factors.
Hyponatremia in horses with septic pneumopathy
Authors: Migliorisi Alessandro , Barger Anne , Austin Scott , Foreman Jonathan H. , Wilkins Pamela
Published: August 2022

Background

Hyponatremia is common in horses with bacterial pleuropneumonia, but no further characterization of this abnormality has been reported.

Objectives

Describe admission plasma sodium concentration ([Na]) in horses with septic pneumopathy and evaluate any association of plasma [Na] with markers of systemic inflammation.

Animals

Medical records of horses >1 month of age that between 2008 and 2021 had a transtracheal aspirate (TTA) performed, abnormal TTA cytology, positive TTA culture, pulmonary disease on ultrasonography, radiography or both, and plasma [Na] assessed by direct ion‐selective‐electrode (dISE). Horses with concurrent diarrhea or azotemia were excluded.

Methods

Clinical and clinicopathological variables of interest between hypo‐ and normonatremic horses were compared. Spearman correlation and Fisher exact tests were used to identify significant associations (P < .05).

Results

Twenty of 35 horses had hyponatremia (median, 132 mmol/L; 25‐75th interquartile range [IQR], 129.7‐133.1 mmol/L; reference range, 134.2‐138.4 mmol/L). A higher proportion of horses with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) had hyponatremia (P = .01). Hyponatremic patients had higher mean plasma fibrinogen concentration (461 ± 160.5 mg/dL;P = .01) and higher rectal temperature (38.8 ± 0.7°C;P = .02) than normonatremic horses. Negative correlations were found between plasma [Na] and fibrinogen (P = .001;ρ = −0.57) concentrations and between plasma [Na] and rectal temperature (P = .001;ρ = −0.51). Presence or absence of pleural effusion did not influence severity of hyponatremia. Mean duration of hospitalization was longer (P = .04) in hyponatremic horses (9.8 ± 6.6 days).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Hyponatremia at admission is associated with the presence of inflammation, SIRS, and with longer duration of hospitalization.
Bridging the Gap Between Researchers and Teachers: A Curricular Perspective
Authors: LEOW RONALD P. , THINGLUM ANNE , HAVENNE MAUDE , TSENG RINA
Published: August 2022

This study investigated the researcher–teacher interface issue by exploring second language (L2) teachers’ experiences of being involved in a large instructed second language acquisition empirical study aimed at curricular changes. The study addressed two goals. First, by involving the entire teaching staff at all levels of the multisection language teaching program in the administration of the empirical study, it examined the interface at the individual and the professional level. Second, by involving the teachers in every aspect of the study, it investigated the interface at the curricular level. Participants were 27 L2 teachers of Spanish at a private research university in the United States comprising graduate students of all disciplines and full‐time and adjunct faculty. The interface data were obtained via a survey with questions related to teachers’ academic backgrounds, pedagogical beliefs, experiences with academic journals, beliefs regarding the present study, overall experience, and their involvement in the research project. Two teachers also participated in in‐depth personal reflections. The results showed that the active participation by the teachers raised their level of awareness of the researcher–teacher and research–curriculum interfaces and also increased their overall personal and professional development as informed teachers who employ theoretically driven and empirically supported activities in their lesson plans.
Market Volatility, Monetary Policy and the Term Premium
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Mallick Sushanta , Mohanty Madhusudan , Zampolli Fabrizio
Published: August 2022

In this article, we use time‐varying VAR models to study the effects of option‐implied measures of equity and bond market volatilities on the government bond term premium and key macroeconomic variables. We show that the high correlation between the two volatilities requires the shocks to these variables to be jointly identified. We find that a positive shock to the VIX reduces the term premium. We interpret this effect as the result of investors shifting their portfolios away from riskier assets. Also, a positive shock to the VIX has contractionary and disinflationary effects. By contrast, a positive shock to the Merrill Lynch Option Volatility Expectations (MOVE), which reflects heightened uncertainty about future changes in interest rates, raises the term premium. Similar to a VIX shock, an increase in bond market volatility also has a contractionary effect, although the negative effects on output and inflation are smaller. Both VIX and MOVE shocks resemble negative demand shocks, albeit of different intensity, to which the central bank responds by easing monetary policy. Depending on the type of volatility impacting the economy, a contraction in output can be associated either with a flattening or steepening of the yield curve.
The changes and potential effects of zinc homeostasis in periodontitis microenvironment
Authors: Liu Yitong , Li Xiaoyan , Liu Siyan , Du Juan , Xu Junji , Liu Yi , Guo Lijia
Published: August 2022

Zinc is a very important and ubiquitous element, which is present in oral environment, daily diet, oral health products, dental restorative materials, and so on. However, there is a lack of attention to the role of both extracellular or intracellular zinc in the progression of periodontitis and periodontal regeneration. This review summarizes the characteristics of immunological microenvironment and host cells function in several key stages of periodontitis progression, and explores the regulatory effect of zinc during this process. We find multiple evidence indicate that zinc may be involved and play a key role in the stages of immune defense, inflammatory response and bone remodeling. Zinc supplementation in an appropriate dose range or regulation of zinc transport proteins can promote periodontal regeneration by either enhancing immune defense or up‐regulating local cells proliferation and differentiation functions. Therefore, zinc homeostasis is essential in periodontal remodeling and regeneration. More attention is suggested to be focused on zinc homeostasis regulation and consider it as a potential strategy in the studies on periodontitis treatment, periodontal‐guided tissue regeneration, implant material transformation, and so on.
RNA 5‐Methylcytosine Regulator NSUN3 promotes tumor progression through regulating immune infiltration in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jin Shufang , Li Jiayi , Shen Yihan , Wu Yiqun , Zhang Zhiyuan , Ma Hailong
Published: August 2022

Objective

This study aimed to determine whether the RNA, 5‐methylcytosine (m5C), is involved in the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Materials and methods

We used least absolute shrinkage and selection operator to establish a prognostic score (PS) model based on the m5C regulator expression. Immune scores were calculated using the estimation of stromal and immune cells in malignant tumor tissues using expression data. The biological functions of the m5C regulator, NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 3 (NSUN3), were thoroughly investigated in vitro and in vivo.

Results

The PS model acted as efficient prognostic factors in HNSCC. The expression of NSUN3, with the maximum weight, was found to be upregulated and indicated a poor prognosis. Meanwhile, NSUN3 knockdown inhibited the tumor proliferation and growth both in vitro and in vivo. High PS status was negatively correlated with CD8+ T, γδ+ T, and M1 macrophage percentages. NSUN3 knockdown increased the infiltration of M1 macrophages but decreased the percentage of M2 macrophages.

Conclusions

The PS index is a novel and promising biomarker for predicting the prognosis and immune infiltration microenvironment in HNSCC. Moreover, NSUN3 plays a key role in this process and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for HNSCC.