bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physiological Aspects of Compatibility and Incompatibility in Grafted Cucumber Seedlings
Authors: Xu Qing , Guo Shi-Rong , Li He , Du Nan-Shan , Shu Sheng , Sun Jin
Published: January 2019

The use of grafted seedlings in vegetable crops has increased in recent years to enhance the resistance to biological and abiotic stresses, and improve yields. However, incompatibility restricts the wide application of grafting. In this study, two pumpkin (Cucurbita) cultivars, with great differences in grafting affinity and symbiotic affinity, were used as rootstocks and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings were used as the scion. The effects of compatibility or incompatibility on histological aspects, antioxidant enzyme activities, phenylpropanoid contents, and chlorophyll fluorescence were studied. The results showed that compatible graft combinations present a stronger resistance to the oxidative damage resulting from grafting and had relatively weak phenylpropanoid metabolisms. The results also indicated that the chlorophyll fluorescence levels of incompatible combinations were lower, except compared with the original fluorescence. Finally, a necrotic layer existed earlier in compatible graft combinations. These differences at the morphological, physiological, and cellular levels may govern compatibility and incompatibility, and may provide valuable information for determining the symbiotic affinity of grafted seedlings at an early stage.
Moderate Water Stress from Regulated Deficit Irrigation Decreases Transpiration Similarly to Net Carbon Exchange in Grapevine Canopies
Authors: Tarara Julie M. , Perez Peña Jorge E.
Published: January 2019

To determine the effects of timing and extent of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on grapevine (Vitis vinifera) canopies, whole-canopy transpiration (TrV) and canopy conductance to water vapor (gc) were calculated from whole-vine gas exchange near key stages of fruit development. The vines were managed under three approaches to RDI: 1) standard industry practice (RDIS), or weekly replacement of 60% to 70% of estimated evapotranspiration (ET) for well-watered grapevines; 2) early additional deficit (RDIE), or one-half of RDIS applied between fruit set and veraison; and 3) late additional deficit (RDIL), or one-half of RDIS applied between veraison and harvest. Compared with RDIS, the additional deficits (RDIE, RDIL) reduced daily cumulative Trv by about 45% (RDIE) and about 48% [RDIL (57% by unit leaf area)]. Diurnal patterns of gc indicated consistent moderate water stress in all RDI regimens (gc ≈50–150 mmol·m−2·s−1). Under RDIE and RDIL, there were transient occurrences of severe water stress, indicated by gc declining below 50 mmol·m−2·s−1. Across the day, vines under RDIE and RDIL had lower gc than RDIS. Under all deficit regimens, TrV exhibited opposing hysteretic loops with solar radiation [photosynthetic photon flux (PPF)] and vapor pressure deficit (VPD), with less sensitivity to VPD in RDIE and RDIL. For a given value of VPD, TrV was higher in the morning than in the afternoon. For a given value of PPF, TrV was higher in the afternoon than in the morning. Single-leaf measurements of transpiration overestimated TrV by an average of 45%. Instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) declined during midday at the pre- and postveraison measurements for all RDI regimens. Whole-canopy daily integrated WUE (WUEd) did not differ among regimens during the additional deficits because daily cumulative values of whole-vine net carbon exchange (NCEV) and TrV changed proportionally: by about 43% to 46% in RDIE relative to RDIS. The case was less clear-cut for RDIL, where NCEv declined by 33% and TrV by 48% relative to RDIS. However, WUEd did not differ significantly between the two. More substantial water deficits than those are currently practiced in the industry through RDI could be used for potential water savings in semiarid climates.
Volatile Characterization of Major Apricot Cultivars of Southern Xinjiang Region of China
Authors: Feng Jian-rong , Xi Wan-peng , Li Wen-hui , Liu Hai-nan , Liu Xiao-fang , Lu Xiao-yan
Published: January 2019

The characterization of aroma of the 14 main apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars in Xinjiang was evaluated using high-performance solid-phase microextraction (HP-SPME) with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). A total of 208 volatiles that include 80 esters, 25 aldehydes, 15 terpenes, 21 ketones, 39 alcohols, 27 olefins, and 1 acid were identified from these cultivars. The compounds propyl acetate, 3-methyl-1-butanol acetate, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol acetate, d-limonene, β-linalool, hexanal, hexyl acetate, butyl acetate, β-myrcene, ethyl butanoate, and β-cis-ocimene were the major compounds responsible for aroma in these cultivars. GC-MS results showed that Kuchexiaobaixing, Guoxiyuluke, and seven other cultivars were characterized by a high level of esters and were considered to be fruity apricot aroma. ‘Luotuohuang’ and ‘Heiyexing’ accumulate high levels of terpenes and exhibited an outstanding floral aroma. Higher levels of alcohols and aldehydes were observed in ‘Danxing’, ‘Sumaiti’, and ‘Kumaiti’. The latter are considered green aroma cultivars. These three types of cultivars with different aroma characteristics can be significantly differentiated by using the principal component analysis (PCA) method. The contributions of volatiles to the apricot aroma were assessed by using the partial least squares regression (PLSR) model. Esters, terpenes, and C6 components were shown to be responsible for the fruity, floral, and green character of fresh apricots, respectively.
Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure for the Native Tree Viburnum rufidulum Occurring in Kentucky and Tennessee
Authors: Dean Deborah , Wadl Phillip A. , Hadziabdic Denita , Klingeman William E. , Ownley Bonnie H. , Rinehart Timothy A. , Dattilo Adam J. , Scheffler Brian , Trigiano Robert N.
Published: January 2019

Viburnum rufidulum is a deciduous tree native to North America that has four-season appeal, which provides commercial horticultural value. In addition, the plant has unique and attractive red pubescence on leaf buds and petioles, common to no other Viburnum species. As habitat undergoes development and subsequent fragmentation of native plant populations, it is important to have baseline genetic information for this species. Little is known about the genetic diversity within populations of V. rufidulum. In this study, seven microsatellite loci were used to measure genetic diversity, population structure, and gene flow of 235 V. rufidulum trees collected from 17 locations in Kentucky and Tennessee. The genotype data were used to infer population genetic structure using the program InStruct and to construct an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram. A single population was indicated by the program InStruct and the dendrogram clustered the locations into two groups; however, little bootstrap support was evident. Observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.49 and 0.78, respectively. Low-to-moderate genetic differentiation (FST = 0.06) with evidence of gene flow (Nm = 4.82) was observed among 17 populations of V. rufidulum. A significant level of genetic diversity was evident among V. rufidulum populations with most of the genetic variations among individual trees (86.37%) rather than among populations (13.63%), and a Mantel test revealed significant correlation between genetic and geographical distance (r = 0.091, P = 0.001). The microsatellites developed herein provide an initial assessment or a baseline of genetic diversity for V. rufidulum in a limited area of the southeastern region of the United States. The markers are a genetic resource and can be of assistance in breeding programs, germplasm assessment, and future studies of V. rufidulum populations, as this is the first study to provide genetic diversity data for this native species.
Interspecific Hybridization between Eggplant and Wild Relatives from Different Genepools
Authors: Plazas Mariola , Vilanova Santiago , Gramazio Pietro , Rodríguez-Burruezo Adrián , Fita Ana , Herraiz Francisco J. , Ranil Rajakapasha , Fonseka Ramya , Niran Lahiru , Fonseka Hemal , Kouassi Brice , Kouassi Abou , Kouassi Auguste , Prohens Jaime
Published: January 2019

Wild relatives represent a source of variation for many traits of interest for eggplant (Solanum melongena) breeding, as well as for broadening the genetic base of this crop. However, interspecific hybridization with wild relatives has been barely used in eggplant breeding programs. As initiation of an introgression breeding program we performed 1424 interspecific hybridizations between six accessions of eggplant from the Occidental and Oriental groups and 19 accessions of 12 wild species from the primary (Solanum incanum and Solanum insanum), secondary (Solanum anguivi, Solanum dasyphyllum, Solanum lichtensteinii, Solanum linnaeanum, Solanum pyracanthos, Solanum tomentosum, and Solanum violaceum), and tertiary (Solanum elaeagnifolium, Solanum sisymbriifolium, and Solanum torvum) genepools. Fruit set, hybrid seed, and seed germination were obtained between Solanum melongena and all wild species of the primary and secondary genepools. The highest fruit set percentage and quantity of seeds per fruit were obtained with the two primary genepool species S. incanum and S. insanum as well as with some secondary genepool species, like S. anguivi, S. dasyphyllum, or S. lichtensteinii, although some differences among species were observed depending on the direction of the hybridization. For small-fruited wild species, the number of seeds per fruit was lower when using them as maternal parent. Regarding tertiary genepool species, fruit set was obtained only in interspecific hybridizations of eggplant with S. sisymbriifolium and S. torvum, although the fruit of the former were parthenocarpic. However, it was possible to rescue viable interspecific hybrids with S. torvum. In total we obtained 58 interspecific hybrid combinations (excluding reciprocals) between eggplant and wild relatives. Some differences were observed among S. melongena accessions in the degree of success of interspecific hybridization, so that the number of hybrid combinations obtained for each accession ranged between 7 (MEL2) and 16 (MEL1). Hybridity of putative interspecific hybrid plantlets was confirmed with a morphological trait (leaf prickliness) and 12 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. The results show that eggplant is amenable to interspecific hybridization with a large number of wild species, including tertiary genepool materials. These hybrid materials are the starting point for introgression breeding in eggplant and in some cases might also be useful as rootstocks for eggplant grafting.
Ornacitrus: Development of Genetically Modified Anthocyanin-expressing Citrus with Both Ornamental and Fresh Fruit Potential
Authors: Dutt Manjul , Stanton Daniel , Grosser Jude W.
Published: January 2019

Anthocyanins are beneficial bioflavonoids that have numerous roles in human health maintenance, disease prevention, and overall well-being. In addition, anthocyanins are key to the consumer appeal of many ornamental plants. Most citrus (Citrus L.) plants do not produce anthocyanins under warm tropical and subtropical conditions. Anthocyanin pigments, responsible for the “blood” color of blood orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck], are produced after exposure to cold conditions during the fruit’s development. The transcription factor Ruby is responsible for the production of anthocyanin in blood orange. Functionally, similar genes exist in other fruit crops such as grape [Vitis vinifera L. (VvmybA1 and VvmybA2)] and apple [Malus ×domestica Borkh (MdMYB10)]. Here, VvmybA1 and Ruby genes were constitutively expressed in ‘Mexican’ lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle). This cultivar performs optimally under Florida’s humid subtropical environment and has a short juvenile phase. Constitutive expression of VvmybA1 or Ruby resulted in anthocyanin pigmentation in the leaves, stems, flowers, and fruit. An increased pigmentation of the outer layer(s) of stem tissue was observed in ‘Mexican’ lime overexpressing the VvmybA1, whereas lower anthocyanin levels were observed in plants overexpressing Ruby. Enhanced pigmentation was also observed in the young leaves; however, pigment intensity levels decreased as the leaves matured. Flower color ranged from light pink to fuchsia and the fruit pulp of several ‘Mexican’ lime lines were maroon; similar to a blood orange. The results demonstrate that expression of anthocyanin-related genes can affect temporal pigmentation patterns in citrus. It also opens up the possibility for the development of modified blood orange and other cultivars adapted to the subtropical environment.
Arbuscule Frequency in Grapevine Roots Is More Responsive to Reduction in Photosynthetic Capacity Than to Increased Levels of Shoot Phosphorus
Authors: Schreiner R. Paul , Scagel Carolyn F.
Published: January 2019

An interplay between carbon and phosphorus is known to regulate root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF); however, it is unclear whether plant C or plant P status plays a bigger role in controlling the abundance of arbuscules (the primary site of nutrient exchange in AMF symbiosis) in roots. In this study, ‘Pinot noir’ grapevine (Vitis vinifera) was grown in an unsterilized vineyard soil and colonized by indigenous AMF in two experiments, where photosynthetic capacity (defoliation or shading) and shoot nutrition (foliar fertilizer) were manipulated. Temporal changes in root colonization by AMF and plant growth and nutrition were determined. Foliar fertilizer application increased P and K uptake, but reduced Cu uptake in both experiments. Decreasing the photosynthetic capacity of shoots due to defoliation or shading rapidly reduced arbuscules in fine roots (within 7 to 14 days). In contrast a 3-fold increase in shoot P status from foliar fertilizer only reduced arbuscules after a more prolonged time (28 to 56 days). The combination of shading (15% of full sun) and foliar P application reduced arbuscules more than shading alone within the first month, whereas foliar P use in full sun had no influence on arbuscules within a month. Returning plants to full sun after 28 days in shade resulted in a resurgence of arbuscules in roots regardless of plant P status. Arbuscules in grapevine roots are regulated by the interaction between plant C and P status, such that high shoot P reduces arbuscule formation or maintenance more when combined with reduced plant photosynthesis. This indicates that grapevines do not reduce AMF nutrient transfer as an immediate response to elevated shoot P as long as plants are maintained in a high light environment.
Physiological and Productivity Responses of High-wire Tomato as Affected by Supplemental Light Source and Distribution within the Canopy
Authors: Gómez Celina , Mitchell Cary A.
Published: January 2019

The relative coolness-to-touch of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has enabled commercial implementation of intracanopy lighting (ICL) in the greenhouse. Intracanopy lighting, which refers to the strategy of lighting along the side or from within the foliar canopy, can increase canopy photosynthetic activity, but physiological and productivity responses of high-wire greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to intracanopy supplemental lighting (SL) still are not yet fully understood. Two consecutive production experiments were conducted across seasons in a glass-glazed greenhouse located in a midnorthern, continental climate [lat. 40°N (West Lafayette, IN)]. Plants were grown from winter-to-summer [increasing solar daily light integral (DLI)] and from summer-to-winter (decreasing solar DLI) to compare three SL strategies for high-wire tomato production across changing solar DLIs: top lighting with high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS) vs. intracanopy LED vertical towers vs. hybrid SL (HPS + horizontal ICL-LEDs). A control treatment also was included for which no SL was provided. Supplemental DLI for each experimental period was adjusted monthly, to complement seasonal changes in sunlight, aiming to approach a target total DLI of 25 mol·m‒2·d‒1 during fruit set. Harvest parameters (total fruit fresh weight, number of fruit harvested, and average cluster fresh weight), tissue temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence, and stomatal conductance (gS) were unaffected by SL treatment in both experiments. Among the physiological parameters evaluated, CO2 assimilation measured under light-saturating conditions, light-limited quantum-use efficiency, and maximum gross CO2 assimilation (Amax) proved to be good indicators of how ICL reduces the top-to-bottom decline in leaf photosynthetic activity otherwise measured with top lighting only (HPS-SL or solar). Although SL generally increased fruit yield relative to control, lack of SL treatment differences among harvest parameters indicates that higher crop photosynthetic activity did not increase fruit yield. Compared with control, intracanopy SL increased yield to the same extent as top SL, but the remaining photoassimilate from ICL most likely was partitioned to maintain nonharvested, vegetative plant parts as well.
Individual Phenolics and Enzymatic Changes in Response to Regulated Deficit Irrigation of Extra-early Nectarines
Authors: Falagán Natalia , Artés Francisco , Gómez Perla A. , Artés-Hernández Francisco , Pérez-Pastor Alejandro , de la Rosa Jose M. , Aguayo Encarna
Published: January 2019

The effect of long-term regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategies on bioactive compounds and enzymes at harvest, during cold storage [0 °C, 90% to 95% relative humidity (RH)] and after a simulated retail sale period (15 °C, 70% to 75% RH) of extra-early nectarine ‘VioWhite 5’ [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] was evaluated for 3 consecutive years. RDI strategies were scheduled as follows: 1) control [irrigated at 110% of maximum crop evapotranspiration (ETc) during the whole season], 2) RDI1 (irrigated at 110% ETc during critical periods of growth and at 85% of control during the rest of the growing season), and 3) RDI2 (irrigated at 110% ETc during critical periods of growth and at 80% and 60% control during the second fruit growth stage in March and late postharvest, respectively). Results suggested the existence of water stress when RDI was applied on extra-early nectarine. The RDI effect induced a change on the activity of enzymes studied that depended on the intensity and duration of water stress. RDI fruit, especially RDI2, presented higher catalase (CAT), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme activity and, together with dehydroascorbic acid level, appeared as indicators of this abiotic stress. RDI nectarine fruit increased total phenolic and flavonoids contents improving the nutraceutical quality of the product. With storage, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) increased its activity through the reduction of flavonoids, particularly in pulp. In this study, RDI2 achieved the highest initial and stored antioxidant capacity values. Peel compared with pulp was the main tissue where bioactive compounds were found in ‘VioWhite 5’ nectarine fruit and the only tissue with anthocyanin content in this white pulp nectarine. The significant water savings were of 780 and 2050 m3·ha−1 per year for RDI1 and RDI2, respectively. RDI can be used as a field practice to enhance bioactive compounds on extra-early nectarine fruit and to contribute to reduce water demand.
Historic American Apple Cultivars: Identification and Availability
Authors: Volk Gayle M. , Henk Adam D.
Published: January 2019

Apples (Malus Mill.) have been economically and socially important throughout the centuries in North America. Apple cultivar (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) collections that include historic cultivars are valued for their unique diversity, historical significance, and also as a resource to identify unknown trees; however, not all of the historically significant apple cultivars are currently included in these collections. We used historic books, publications, and nursery catalogs to develop an inventory of apple cultivars that were propagated and grown in the United States before 1908. We collected synonym, introduction date, and original source country information for 891 historic apple cultivars. Most of the historic American cultivars originated as seedlings first planted in the United States. Some cultivars were brought to the United States from the United Kingdom, France, Russia, Germany, and other European countries. We classified historic apple cultivars based on their availability over time and popularity in nursery catalogs. Ninety percent of the most popular historic apple cultivars in the United States were available in 2015 in the U.S. and U.K. national collections and within several commercial and private collections. This work identified high priority historic cultivars that are not currently protected within genebanks that could be added to genebank collections in the future.
Heritability of Fresh-cut Fruit Quality Attributes in Capsicum
Authors: Stommel John R. , Camp Mary J. , Dumm Judith M. , Haynes Kathleen G. , Luo Yaguang , Schoevaars Anne Marie
Published: January 2019

Fresh pepper (Capsicum) fruit that are sliced and/or diced are referred to as fresh-cut products. The current report evaluates the inheritance of postharvest attributes that contribute to pepper fresh-cut quality. Marketable green fruit of large-fruited Capsicum annuum accessions with bell and related pod types (Class 1), C. annuum accessions with jalapeno and serrano pod types (Class 2), and thin-walled “aji”-like tabasco pod types from Capsicum baccatum, Capsicum frutescens, and Capsicum chinense (Class 3) were processed and stored up to 14 days in selective oxygen transmission rate packaging. Fresh-cut attributes were influenced by genotype as well as year. For all pod types, O2 and CO2 partial pressures in storage packages, tissue weight loss, and electrolyte leakage differed among accessions, days of storage, and years of testing. Percent O2 declined and CO2 and electrolyte leakage generally increased during storage. Some accessions in Class 1 and Class 2 maintained acceptable product quality during storage. Changes in fruit weight loss were small with greater weight loss observed in Class 1 accessions relative to weight loss for Class 2 and Class 3. Broad-sense heritability for fresh-cut attributes was moderate to low indicating that it will be difficult to breed for fresh-cut quality.
The Effects of Propagation Techniques on Leaf Vascular Anatomy, Modulus of Elasticity, and Photosynthetic Traits in Micropropagated and Grafted Plants of the Dutch Elm Hybrid ‘Dodoens’
Authors: Ďurkovič Jaroslav , Čaňová Ingrid , Javoříková Lucia , Kardošová Monika , Lagaňa Rastislav , Priwitzer Tibor , Longauer Roman , Krajňáková Jana
Published: January 2019

Understanding how plants are able to change their structural, physiological, and mechanical properties in response to various propagation methods can help to improve both their performance and their survival when transferred to field conditions. To identify changes between the routinely applied vegetative propagation techniques of in vitro micropropagation and splice grafting we assessed leaf performance for any differences in midrib vascular traits, nanomechanical properties of tracheary element cell walls, and photosynthetic traits in the dutch elm hybrid cultivar Dodoens (i.e., open-pollinated Ulmus glabra ‘Exoniensis’ × Ulmus wallichiana P39). The propagation techniques appear to have had a direct effect on a large portion of the vascular traits. In the micropropagated plants, the water-conducting area within the primary xylem tissue contained a significantly greater number of tracheary elements which suggests hydraulic safety. In the grafts, the water-conducting area contained a significantly smaller number of tracheary elements, in which the lumen areas were slightly larger than those of the micropropagated plants, resulting in a significantly higher size to number ratio which may indicate a fast and more effective water transport system. Quantitative nanomechanical mapping measurements from atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that the tracheary elements of the micropropagated plants formed stiffer cell walls quantified by the reduced Young’s modulus of elasticity (MOE) than those of the grafts. The effect of the rootstock might contribute to the differences in vascular traits, as well as to the differences in cell wall stiffness and cell wall deformation observed between the stock types. The micropropagated plants were subjected to a more sensitive stomatal regulation of gas exchange resulting in the lower rates of net photosynthesis and transpiration. But the higher values of both instantaneous water-use efficiency (WUEinst) and chlorophyll a fluorescence yields found in the micropropagated plants indicate a higher acclimation capacity to stressful environmental conditions specifically for this stock type. Both stock types formed compact homogeneous clusters clearly separated from each other in the multivariate leaf trait analysis.
Effects of Exogenous Spermidine on Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Tomato Seedlings under High Temperature
Authors: Shan Xi , Zhou Heng , Sang Ting , Shu Sheng , Sun Jin , Guo Shirong
Published: January 2019

We investigated the effects of exogenous spermidine (Spd) on the carbohydrate, nitrogen (N), and endogenous polyamine status of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings exposed to high-temperature stress [38/28 °C (day/night)]. High-temperature stress reduced the contents of pyruvate and succinate and inhibited plant growth. The application of exogenous Spd alleviated the inhibition of plant growth induced by high temperature, and also led to an increase in pyruvate, citrate, and succinate levels. High temperature markedly increased the NH4+-N content and reduced the activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Spd significantly alleviated the negative effects on NH4+-N assimilation induced by high-temperature stress. Moreover, Spd significantly increased the activities of NR and GDH in the high-temperature-stressed tomato leaves. In contrast, Spd application to high-temperature-stressed plant leaves counteracted high-temperature-induced mRNA expression changes in N metabolism. Spd significantly upregulated the transcriptional levels of NR, nitrite reductase, GS, GDH, and glutamate synthase (GOGAT). In addition, exogenous Spd significantly increased endogenous polyamines. These results suggest that Spd could improve carbohydrate and N status through regulating the gene expression and activity of key enzymes for N metabolism, thus confers the tolerance to high temperature on tomato seedlings.
Chloroplast Noncoding DNA Sequences Reveal Genetic Distinction and Diversity between Wild and Cultivated Prunus yedoensis
Authors: Cheong Eun Ju , Cho Myong-Suk , Kim Seung-Chul , Kim Chan-Soo
Published: January 2019

Cultivated flowering cherries (Prunus subgenus Cerasus), which are one of the most popular ornamental trees around the world, have been developed through artificial hybridizations among wild flowering cherries. Among the hundreds of cultivars of flowering cherries, Prunus ×yedoensis ‘Somei-yoshino’ is the most common and widespread. However, its origin and genetic relationship to wild P. yedoensis, naturally occurring on Jeju Island, South Korea, have long been debated. We used sequence polymorphisms in eight chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) noncoding regions to distinguish wild and cultivated flowering cherries among 104 individuals (55 accessions). We were able to distinguish two distinct groups, one corresponding to wild P. yedoensis collections from Jeju Island and the other collections of cultivated P. ×yedoensis from Korea, Japan, and the United States. The chlorotype diversity of wild P. yedoensis in Jeju Island and cultivated P. ×yedoensis collections in the United States was quite high, suggesting multiple natural hybrid origins and long history of cultivation from different original sources, respectively.
Universal entanglement signatures of foliated fracton phases
Authors: Shirley Wilbur , Slagle Kevin , Chen Xie
Published: January 2019

Fracton models exhibit a variety of exotic properties and lie beyond
the conventional framework of gapped topological order. In , we
generalized the notion of gapped phase to one of foliated
fracton phase by allowing the addition of layers of gapped
two-dimensional resources in the adiabatic evolution between gapped
three-dimensional models. Moreover, we showed that the X-cube model is a
fixed point of one such phase. In this paper, according to this
definition, we look for universal properties of such phases which remain
invariant throughout the entire phase. We propose multi-partite
entanglement quantities, generalizing the proposal of topological
entanglement entropy designed for conventional topological phases. We
present arguments for the universality of these quantities and show that
they attain non-zero constant value in non-trivial foliated fracton
phases.
COĞRAFİ İŞARETE TECAVÜZ NİTELİĞİ TAŞIYAN BAZI FİİLLER HAKKINDA -AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ ADALET DİVANI KARARLARI IŞIĞINDA BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: YILDIZ Burçak
Published: January 2019

Coğrafî işarete
tecavüz sayılan hâller, Sınai Mülkiyet Kanunu (SMK) m. 44.2 hükmünde dört bent
halinde sayılmıştır. Ancak söz konusu düzenlemede yer alan ve fiilin tecavüz
olup olmadığını nitelendirmede yorumlanmasına ihtiyaç duyulan kavramlar,
öğretide ve yargı kararlarımızda yeterince açıklanmamıştır. SMK’nın coğrafî
işarete tecavüz konusundaki düzenlemeleri, mehaz Avrupa Birliği hukukundaki
düzenlemelere dayanmaktadır (1151/2012 sayılı Tüzük m. 13, 1308/2013 sayılı
Tüzük m. 103 ve 110/2008 sayılı Tüzük m. 16). Bu itibarla, Avrupa Birliği
Adalet Divanı’nın anılan Tüzük hükümlerine ilişkin içtihatları, hukukumuz ve
SMK m. 44.2 hükmünün yorumlanması açısından da büyük önem taşımaktadır. Çalışmamızda Adalet
Divanı’nın üç içtihadına yer verilmiştir: 2018 tarih ve C-44/17 sayılı Scotch
Whisky Kararı, 2017 tarih ve C 393/16 sayılı Champagne Sorbet Kararı ile 2011
tarihli ve C 4/10 and C 27/10 sayılı Cognac Kararı.

Ardından da söz konusu kararlarda varılan sonuçlar
ışığında, SMK m. 44.2 hükmünde yer alan bazı kavramlar değerlendirilmiştir. Bu
kapsamda “doğrudan ve dolaylı kullanım”, “tescil kapsamındaki ürünlerle
ilişkilendirilebilecek nitelikteki ürün” kavramları ele alınmıştır. Ardından
coğrafî işaretli bir malzemeyi içeren ürünün adında coğrafî işaretin
kullanılmasının, “coğrafî işaretin ününden yarar sağlayacak şekilde kullanım”
sayılıp sayılmayacağı hususu değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca “coğrafî işareti
çağrıştırma” kavramı hakkında bazı değerlendirmeler yapılmış ve SMK m. 44.2.b
hükmünün kapsamı bu kavram açısından ele alınmıştır. Son olarak SMK m. 44.2.c
hükmünde yer alan “yanlış veya yanıltıcı açıklama ya da belirti” kavramının
ürünün gerçek üretim yerine ilişkin bilgi verilmesi karşısındaki durumu
incelenmiştir.
THE EFFECT OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ACCOUNTABILITY, JOB MOTIVATION AND EDUCATION ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL’S PERFORMANCE
Authors: Risakotta Kathleen Asyera , Akbar Rusdi
Published: January 2019

This study aims to empirically analyze the influence of internal and external accountabilities, job motivation and education on the performance of local government officials with organizational commitment as the intervening variable. This study used a mixed method that consists of Partial Least Square (PLS) for the analysis of the quantitative and a thematic content analysis for the qualitative approach. The sample includes 224 government officers from the Provincial Government of Maluku Province and Ambon City Council. The result of this study shows that internal accountability, job motivation and organizational commitment have a positive influence on the performance of the local government employees, while both external accountability and education do not play a positive role in their organizational commitment. These are the driving factor for organizations to improve the accountability and performance of government institutions, so that good governance may occur in the future. The results of this study could be used as advices to local governments on their employee training programs in order to improve the performance of the employees of local government agencies.
THE IMPACT OF RISING FOOD PRICES ON FARMERS’ WELFARE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Girik Allo Albertus , Satiawan Elan , Arsyad Lincolin Arsyad
Published: January 2019

Food prices regularly change due to various factors such as the policy on imports. This paper analyzes the impact of changes in food prices including rice, red onions, and garlic, on farmers’ welfare. The Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) was used to estimate the demand function for food commodities, and the Compensating Variation (CV) was used to estimate the impact of price changes both immediately and in the short-term. This study contributes an idea of how the government makes its policies on food prices and imports, and how they provide benefits for farmers in Indonesia. Data were collected from the 2014 National Socio-economic Survey (SUSENAS). The research results indicated that income improvement led to the increase in rice, red onion and garlic consumption. The dynamics of income, own-price and cross-price elasticity varied, depending on demography, the social economic condition, and the geographic location of the household. The short-term impact of imported products on welfare changes was larger than the immediate impact.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RISK MANAGEMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON GOOD COOPERATIVE GOVERNANCE AND SUCCESS
Authors: Sugiyanto Sugiyanto , Rahayu Anggi Andriani
Published: January 2019

Risk management in Indonesia’s cooperative organizations is still rarely implemented, cooperative management must be aided by good cooperative governance and the end objectives are the success and sustainability of the cooperative. The purpose of this study is to implement and identify risk management, especially in savings and loan cooperatives, and the final part of the study is to test and prove empirically the direct and indirect effects of the implementation of risk management on good cooperative governance and the success of the cooperative. The research method used in this study was a descriptive quantitative analysis. Saturation sampling techniques were also used in this study; while the size of the population was 73 persons, consisting of various cooperatives’ boards of directors, supervisors, managers, and administrators. The primary data needed in this study were obtained by using a survey method which involved questionnaires and conducting structured interviews. This study uses a statistical approach by using path analysis. The result of this study shows that two categories of risks can be identified, which are minor and insignificant risks. A minor risk includes the credit risk and strategic risk, and an insignificant risk includes six risks: market risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, legal risk, reputation risk and compliance risk. Based on the statistical analysis, the indication is that there is no effect from the implementation of risk management on a cooperative’s success, but there is an effect from the implementation of risk management on good cooperative governance, and good cooperative governance has an effect on a cooperative’s success. Indirectly, a cooperative’s success is not influenced by the implementation of risk management, but it is influenced by the implementation of risk management through good cooperative governance as an intervening variable.
Partisipasi Pelaku Usaha Pariwisata dalam Pengelolaan Sampah di Pantai Pulang Sawal, Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta
Authors: Masjhoer Jussac Maulana
Published: January 2019

Tourism business actors at Pulang Sawal Beach produce waste as many as tourists visit. The waste management issues at the beach area could affect the tourist’s comfort if the problems left unsolved. This study aims to determine the type of waste generated, as well as the participation of tourism business actors in waste management. The type of research used in this study is descriptive qualitative. The population in this study is a tourism business actor at Pulang Sawal Beach. The sampling method used in this study is simple random sampling. Data collection techniques are through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The data obtained is then analyzed using qualitative analysis. The type of organic waste produced is in the form of food leftovers, raw materials leftovers, paper, cardboard, cartons, newspapers, etc. While the types of inorganic waste produced are plastic bags, food packaging, plastic and glass bottles, etc. The results showed that tourism business actors participated in the decision-making stage as much as 37%, participated in the implementation of 67.8%, participated in taking benefits as much as 100%, and participated in the evaluation phase as much as 95%. Low participation in decision making due to the lack of knowledge related to waste management, so they choose to listen and accept every decision that is made. They have not implemented good waste management. Tourism business actors agree that a clean business environment benefits both the convenience of work and visitors and assesses that waste management is in accordance with planning.
Akseptasi Pedagang Tradisional Terhadap Penggunaan Mesin EDC Perbankan di Pasar Tradisional Ikon Wisata Belanja di Surakarta
Authors: Irdana Nuryuda , Rahayuningsih Handayani , Chairunnisa R. V Maulida
Published: January 2019

Nowadays, some of traditional markets have become as an icon in tourism destination. Shopping is an activity that relatively closed to tourism. There is a traditional market which relatively popular and already known as shopping tourism icon in Surakarta, that is Klewer market. The number of transactions and sales volume that occur in this market is estimated reach out until billion rupiahs.In this era, the utilization of technology change the character of tourists. The development of banking technology can reduce the used of cash money. In doing the tour, tourists mostly bring less cashes. But, they usually have debit or credit cards to support their transactions. Bank responses this fact by deploying EDC machines at traditional markets to support the transaction. However, there are some merchants that still enjoy doing transaction by cash and reluctant to use EDC machine. The aims of this research is to find out the criteria that prioritized by merchants in assessing the use of EDC machine in Surakarta shopping tourism traditional market. Klewer as location was determined through purposive method by the reason as shopping tourism icon of Surakarta. This research used non-probability and purposive sampling techniques to get the samples. AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) model was used in this research as analysis method. The result of this research showed that the Surakarta traditional market merchants acceptance in using banking EDC machine is affected by usefulness, ease of use and security. The criteria which prioritized by merchants in assessing the use of EDC machine from the most to least are usefulness, ease of use and security which have almost equal weight.
DEVICE FOR IN VITRO WEAR ANALYSIS OF BIOMATERIALS IN THE HINGED PROSTHESIS CONFIGURATION
Authors: Atahyde José N. , Fernandes Beatriz L. , Siqueira Carlos J. de M. , Nohama Percy , Fernandes Carlos R.
Published: January 2019

We have developed a device that, coupled to the tribometer, allows movement simulation of the hinged type knee prosthesis. Two tests were performed using the samples designed and one test without the device using a pin-on-flat configuration. For the first and the third tests, the metallic samples were used as machined while for the second one they were electrolytically polished. The test parameters were running length of 0.663 rad and compression load of 22.35 N. The Hertzian contact stress of 15.93 MPa obtained between the samples designed is close to that for the real prosthesis. The measured volumetric wear revealed the influence of roughness of the counterpart surface on the wear behavior. The device has allowed its coupling to the tribometer without any interference on its functioning thus making a contribution to the scientific investigations related to wear behavior of a couple of different biomaterials.
GEOMETRICAL MODELS OF MANDIBLE FRACTURE AND PLATE IMPLANT
Authors: Husain Karim , Rashid Mohammed , Vitković Nikola , Mitić Jelena , Milovanović Jelena , Stojković Miloš
Published: January 2019

In the oral and maxillofacial surgery, there is a requirement to provide the best possible treatment for the patient with mandibular fractures. This treatment presumes application of reduction and fixation techniques for proper stabilization of the fracture site. The reduction of the bone fragments and their fixation is much better performed when geometry and morphology of the bone and osteofixation elements (e.g. plates) are properly defined. In this paper, a new healthcare procedure, which enables application of personalized plate implants for the fixation of the mandibular fractures, is presented. Geometrical models of mandible and plate implants, presented in this research, were created by means of the Method of Anatomical Features (MAF), which has been already applied to the creation of accurate geometrical models of various human bones, plates and fixators. By using such geometrically and anatomically accurate models, orthopedic and maxillofacial surgeons can better perform pre-operative tasks of simulating and planning the operation, as well as an intraoperative task of implanting the personalized plate into the patient body.
SMART EQUIPMENT DESIGN CHALLENGES FOR REAL TIME FEEDBACK SUPPORT IN SPORT
Authors: Umek Anton , Kos Anton
Published: January 2019

Smart equipment can support feedback in motor learning process. Smart equipment with integrated sensors can be used as a standalone system or complemented with body-attached wearable sensors. Our work focuses on real-time biofeedback system design, particularly on the application of a specific sensor selection. The main goal of our research is to prepare the technical conditions to prove efficiency and benefits of the real-time biofeedback when used in selected motion-learning processes. The most used wireless technologies that are used or are expected to be used in real-time biofeedback systems are listed. The tests performed on two prototypes, smart golf club and smart ski, show an appropriate sensor selection and feasibility of implementation of the real-time biofeedback concept in golf and skiing practice. We are confident that the concept can be expanded for use in other sports and rehabilitation. It has been learned that at this time none of the existing wireless technologies can satisfy all possible demands of different real-time biofeedback applications in sport.
CUSTOMIZATION OF ELECTROSPINNING FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING
Authors: Grujović Nenad , Živić Fatima , Schnabelrauch Matthias , Walter Torsten , Wyrwa Ralf , Palić Nikola , Ocokoljić Lazar
Published: January 2019

This paper deals with two electrospinning technologies: the melt electrospinning with a customized jet head, adapted from the fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer, in comparison with the standard solution electrospinning, aiming at fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds. The resulting fibers are compared. The influence of the collector properties on those of the fabricated scaffold is investigated. The resulting electrospun fibers exhibit different characteristics such as morphology and thickness, depending on the technology. The micro-fibers are produced by the melt electrospinning with an inbuilt 3D printer jet head, whereas the solution electrospinning has produced nano- and micro-fibers. The scaffolds fabricated on the rotating drum collector exhibit a more ordered structure as well as thinner fibers than those produced on the stationary plate collector. Further investigations should aim at fabrication of porous hollow fibers and tissue engineering scaffolds with controlled porosity and properties.
Rede Social, Apropriação e Aprendizagem de Alunos Universitários
Authors: Junqueira Eduardo S. , Sales Carolina Bentes
Published: January 2019

O trabalho descreve criação em metadesign e a utilização de uma rede social virtual, de fins educativos, por alunos universitários. O uso da rede abrangeu pesquisas direcionadas, publicação de conteúdos e debates. O processo foi documentado por relatórios, questionários e entrevistas. Resultados indicam a autonomia e ações de apropriação dos alunos, que publicaram imagens e conteúdos de seu próprio interesse, sem a demanda do professor, dentre outras ações. Conclui-se que o processo de metadesign colaborou para a identificação deles com a rede, bem como para a apropriação tecnológica, o que otimizou o uso da rede, resultando em melhorias na aprendizagem.
O AMBIENTE ESCOLAR COMO RECEPTÁCULO DIGITAL: IMPACTOS DA CIBERCULTURA
Authors: Ferreira Roni Costa , Barbosa Wladimir , Duarte Sérgio
Published: January 2019

Realizada durante os anos de 2014 e 2015 em uma escola do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - Brasil, a pesquisa em questão, apresenta os impactos provocados no interior do ambiente escolar pela Cibercultura e revelando desafios educacionais provocados pela interação dos discentes com as comunidades digitais. Os resultados apontam a escola como um universo social despreparado para perceber e articular problemas sociotecnológicos. Contudo, as redes sociais promovem a comunicação e a sociabilidade escolar, desenvolvendo a aprendizagem discente, desde que a análise crítica esteja dentro de uma formação digital mais ampla.
Por uma arquitetônica cíbrida nas políticas de formação para uso das TDIC
Authors: Schuchter Lúcia Helena , Bruno Adriana Rocha
Published: January 2019

Este texto é o produto de um recorte de uma pesquisa de doutorado, que investigou a constituição das políticas públicas de formação docente para o uso das Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e da Comunicação em uma rede municipal de ensino. A investigação é qualitativa, na abordagem histórico-cultural, respaldada por Vygotsky e Bakhtin, associada ao “ciclo de políticas” (BALL, 1994). A pesquisa defende a configuração de uma arquitetônica cíbrida para a constituição e execução dessas políticas públicas.Palavras-chave: formação de professores; política pública; tecnologias digitais.
INTENCIONALIDADES PRESCRITIVAS, SENTIDOS NEGOCIADOS: SOBRE A EXPERIÊNCIA DO PARFOR EM CODÓ-MA (2010-2014)
Authors: Silva José Cláudio Sooma
Published: January 2019

O artigo sistematiza alguns aspectos que foram explorados numa investigação sobre o Curso de Formação Docente - PARFOR no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão (IFMA/Campus Codó). Considerando a existência de intencionalidades disciplinares e prescritivas que estiveram (e permanecem) presentes nessa política pública implementada pelo Governo Federal, este estudo tencionou problematizá-las em função, também, das lógicas circunstanciais construídas, das fabricações, das produções e dos usos que foram empreendidos pelos professores cursistas a partir daquilo que, em termos estratégicos, lhes fora imposto pelo PARFOR. As problematizações realizadas a partir da análise de seus direcionamentos e dos possíveis sentidos que foram atribuídos pelos professores cursistas, indiciados em situações entrevistas, sinalizam para a importância de se pensar essa experiência formativa como uma prática social e um campo de disputas.
A obrigatoriedade da pré-escola e as repercussões na educação de 0 a 3 anos
Authors: Trentini Julcimara , Campos Rosânia
Published: January 2019

O presente trabalho é um recorte da pesquisa que procurou analisar como o atendimento da educação de 0 a 3 anos está sendo organizado em nove municípios da Região Nordeste de Santa Catarina, a partir da lei 12.796/2013. Os dados coletados em diferentes sítios como IBGE, INEP, FNDE e secretarias municipais de educação, indicam a parcialização do atendimento e o conveniamento com instituições filantrópicas e privadas como principais estratégias para atender a demanda e cumprir as exigências legais. Essas estratégias, segundo indicações da pesquisa, contribuem tanto para o fortalecimento da histórica segmentação entre creches e pré-escolas; quanto consolidação da relação público – privado seguindo a lógica público não estatal.