bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can an Imaging Marker of Consistency Predict Intraoperative Experience and Clinical Outcomes for Vestibular Schwannomas? A Retrospective Review
Authors: Macielak Robert J. , Harris Michael S. , Mattingly Jameson K. , Shah Varun S. , Prevedello Luciano M. , Adunka Oliver F.
Published: September 2019

Objective The main purpose of this article is to determine if vestibular schwannoma consistency as determined by tissue intensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imagings (MRIs) is predictive of intraoperative experience and postoperative clinical outcomes.

Study Design Retrospective chart review.

Setting Tertiary referral center.

Patients Seventy-seven patients diagnosed with vestibular schwannomas who were treated with microsurgical resection.

Intervention Diagnostic.

Main Outcome Measures Intraoperative measures include totality of resection, surgical time and cranial nerve VII stimulation and postoperative measures include House–Brackmann grade and perioperative complications.

Results Tumor consistency determined via tissue intensity on MRI was only found to correlate with surgical time, with a softer tumor being associated with a longer surgical time (p < 0.0001). However, this was primarily driven by tumor volume with larger tumors being associated with longer surgical time based on multivariate analysis. None of the other intraoperative or postoperative measures considered were found to correlate with tumor consistency.

Conclusions Tumor consistency determined by MRI is not predictive of intraoperative experience or postoperative outcomes in vestibular schwannomas. Tumor volume is the strongest driver of these outcome measures as opposed to tumor consistency.
Microstructure and stability conditions for hot deformation of a modified iron-based superalloy
Authors: Carsí Manuel , Llaneza Jaime , Ruano Oscar A.
Published: September 2019

A modified iron-based superalloy is studied regarding its hot formability. The microstructure contained particles of titanium carbides, carbonitrides and nitrates. Torsion tests at high strain rate at temperatures ranging from 800 to 1200°C were conducted. Results of these tests were correlated by means of the Garofalo hyperbolic sine creep relation. An optimum forming temperature of 1260°C at 10 s−1 is obtained. This temperature is strongly dependent on the strain rate. An activation energy for plastic deformation close to that for the activation energy for lattice diffusion in austenitic stainless steels and a stress exponent near 5 were obtained. These values suggest that plastic deformation is controlled by a dislocation climb mechanism.
Haloactinobacterium glacieicola sp. nov., isolated from an ice core
Authors: Wang Feng , Liu Yongqin , Wang Ninglian , Xu Baiqing , Shen Liang , Gu Zhengquan , Liu Keshao , Liu Hongcan , Zhou Yuguang
Published: September 2019

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and motile bacterium with lateral flagellum, designated T3246-1T, was isolated from an ice core, which was drilled from Hariqin Glacier on the Tibetan Plateau, PR China. It grew optimally at 20 °C, pH 7–8 and in the presence of 3 % (w/v) NaCl. The major fatty acid of strain T3246-1T was anteiso-C15 : 0. Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. MK-8 was the dominant isoprenoid quinone. The whole-cell sugars were rhamnose, xylose and mannose. The major cell-wall peptidoglycan was lysine. The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 71.4 mol%. Results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain T3246-1T formed a lineage within the genus

Haloactinobacterium

and was closely related to

Haloactinobacterium album

YIM 93306T with 95.99 % similarity. The average nucleotide identity value between strain T3246-1T and

Haloactinobacterium album

YIM 93306T was 76.65 %. Based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain T3246-1T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus

Haloactinobacterium

, for which the name

Haloactinobacterium glacieicola

sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is T3246-1T (=CGMCC 1.13535T=JCM 32923T).
Rhodoluna limnophila sp. nov., a bacterium with 1.4 Mbp genome size isolated from freshwater habitats located in Salzburg, Austria
Authors: Pitt Alexandra , Schmidt Johanna , Koll Ulrike , Hahn Martin W.
Published: September 2019

Three actinobacterial strains, 27D-LEPIT, 1B-Mac and 36A-HELLB, were isolated from small standing and running freshwater habitats located in Salzburg, Austria. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and genome based on concatenated amino acid sequences of 119 single-copy genes referred the three strains within the family

Microbacteriaceae

to the genus

Rhodoluna

. The strains showed 100 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to the previously described Candidatus Rhodoluna limnophila. Cells were very small, approximately 0.5×0.3 µm, and showed a red pigmentation in liquid nutrient broth–soyotone–yeast extract medium as well as on agar plates. The strains assimilated a broad variety of substrates; however, the patterns differed a great deal between the three investigated strains. For strain 27D-LEPIT, the major fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0; the identified polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol; the major respiratory quinone was MK-11; and analysis of the peptidoglycan structure indicated the presence of type B2β (typeB10). The genomic DNA of the three strains was very small (1.4 Mbp) and had a DNA G+C content of 54 mol%. The investigated traits suggested that strains 36A-HELLB (=DSM 107805=JCM 32927), 1B-Mac (=DSM 107802=JCM 32925) and 27D-LEPIT (=JCM 32926T =DSM 107804T) represent a new species for which the name

Rhodoluna

limnophila

sp. nov. is proposed, with strain 27D-LEPIT as the type strain.
Distinct neural progenitor pools in the ventral telencephalon generate diversity in striatal spiny projection neurons
Authors: van Heusden Fran , Macey-Dare Anežka , Krajeski Rohan N. , Sharott Andrew , Ellender Tommas Jan
Published: September 2019

Heterogeneous populations of neural progenitors in the embryonic lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE) generate all GABAergic spiny projection neurons (SPNs) found in the striatum. Here we investigate how this diversity in neural progenitors relates to diversity of adult striatal neurons and circuits. Using a combination ofin uteroelectroporation to fluorescently pulse-label striatal neural progenitors in the LGE, brain slice electrophysiology, electrical and optogenetic circuit mapping and immunohistochemistry, we characterise a population of neural progenitors enriched for apical intermediate progenitors (aIPs) and a distinct population of other progenitors (OPs) and their neural offspring. We find that neural progenitor origin has subtle but significant effects on the properties of striatal SPNs. Although aIP and OP progenitors can both generate D1-expressing direct pathway as well as D2-expressing indirect pathway SPNs found intermingled in the striatum, the aIP derived SPNs are found in more medial aspects of the striatum, exhibit more complex dendritic arbors with higher spine density and differentially sample cortical input. Moreover, optogenetic circuit mapping of the aIP derived neurons show that they further integrate within striatal circuits and innervate both local D1 and D2 SPNs. These results show that it is possible to fluorescently pulse-label distinct neural progenitor pools within the LGE and provide the first evidence that neural progenitor heterogeneity can contribute to the diversity of striatal SPNs.
Evidence for natural hybridisation and novel Wolbachia strain superinfections in the Anopheles gambiae complex from Guinea
Authors: Jeffries Claire L , Cansado-Utrilla Cintia , Beavogui Abdoul H , Stica Caleb , Lama Eugene K , Kristan Mojca , Irish Seth R , Walker Thomas
Published: September 2019

1.

Wolbachia, a widespread bacterium which can influence mosquito-borne pathogen transmission, has recently been detected within Anopheles (An.) species that are malaria vectors in Sub-Saharan Africa. Although studies have reported Wolbachia strains in the An. gambiae complex, apparent low density and prevalence rates require confirmation. In this study, wild Anopheles mosquitoes collected from two regions of Guinea were investigated. In contrast to previous studies, RNA was extracted from adult females (n=516) to increase the chances for detection of actively expressed Wolbachia genes, determine Wolbachia prevalence rates and estimate relative strain densities. Molecular confirmation of mosquito species and Wolbachia Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were carried out to analyse phylogenetic relationships of mosquito hosts and newly discovered Wolbachia strains. Strains were detected in An. gambiae s.s. (prevalence rates of 0.0-2.8%) from the Faranah region, An. melas (prevalence rate of 11.6% - 16/138) and hybrids between these two species (prevalence rate of 40.0% - 6/15) from Senguelen in the Maferinyah region. Furthermore, a novel high-density strain, termed wAnsX, was found in an unclassified Anopheles species. The discovery of novel Wolbachia strains (particularly in members, and hybrids, of the An. gambiae complex) provides further candidate strains that could be used for future Wolbachia-based malaria biocontrol strategies.
Genome-wide association study of Alzheimer’s disease CSF biomarkers in the EMIF-AD Multimodal Biomarker Discovery dataset
Authors: Hong Shengjun , Prokopenko Dmitry , Dobricic Valerija , Kilpert Fabian , Bos Isabelle , Vos Stephanie J. B. , Tijms Betty M. , Andreasson Ulf , Blennow Kaj , Vandenberghe Rik , Cleynen Isabelle , Gabel Silvy , Schaeverbeke Jolien , Scheltens Philip , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Niemantsverdriet Ellis , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Frisoni Giovanni , Blin Olivier , Richardson Jill C. , Bordet Regis , Molinuevo José Luis , Rami Lorena ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), Kettunen Petronella , Wallin Anders , Lleó Alberto , Sala Isabel , Popp Julius , Peyratout Gwendoline , Martinez-Lage Pablo , Tainta Mikel , Dobson Richard J. B. , Legido-Quigley Cristina , Sleegers Kristel , Van Broeckhoven Christine , ten Kate Mara , Barkhof Frederik , Zetterberg Henrik , Lovestone Simon , Streffer Johannes , Wittig Michael , Franke Andre , Tanzi Rudolph E , Visser Pieter Jelle , Bertram Lars
Published: September 2019

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Susceptibility to AD is considerably determined by genetic factors which hitherto were primarily identified using case-control designs. Elucidating the genetic architecture of additional AD-related phenotypic traits, ideally those linked to the underlying disease process, holds great promise in gaining deeper insights into the genetic basis of AD and in developing better clinical prediction models. To this end, we generated genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping data in 931 participants of the European Medical Information Framework Alzheimer’s Disease Multimodal Biomarker Discovery (EMIF-AD MBD) sample to search for novel genetic determinants of AD biomarker variability. Specifically, we performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses on 16 traits, including 14 measures of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau-protein species in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In addition to confirming the well-established effects of apolipoprotein E (APOE) on diagnostic outcome and phenotypes related to Aβ42, we detected novel potential signals in the zinc finger homeobox 3 (ZFHX3) for CSF-Aβ38 and CSF-Aβ40 levels, and confirmed the previously described sex-specific association between SNPs in geminin coiled-coil domain containing (GMNC) and CSF-tau. Utilizing the results from independent case-control AD GWAS to construct polygenic risk scores (PRS) revealed that AD risk variants only explain a small fraction of CSF biomarker variability. In conclusion, our study represents a detailed first account of GWAS analyses on CSF-Aβ and -tau related traits in the EMIF-AD MBD dataset. In subsequent work, we will utilize the genomics data generated here in GWAS of other AD-relevant clinical outcomes ascertained in this unique dataset.
Optogenetic rescue of a developmental patterning mutant
Authors: Johnson Heath E. , Shvartsman Stanislav Y. , Toettcher Jared E.
Published: September 2019

Animal embryos are partitioned into spatial domains by complex patterns of signaling and gene expression, yet it is still largely unknown what features of a developmental signal are essential. Part of the challenge arises because it has been impossible to “paint” arbitrary signaling patterns on an embryo to test their sufficiency. Here we demonstrate exactly this capability by combining optogenetic control of Ras/Erk signaling with the genetic loss of terminal signaling in earlyDrosophilaembryos. Simple all-or-none light inputs at the embryonic termini were able to completely rescue normal development, generating viable larvae and fertile adults from this otherwise-lethal genetic mutant. Systematically varying illumination parameters further revealed that at least three distinct developmental programs are triggered by different cumulative doses of Erk. These results open the door to the targeted design of complex morphogenetic outcomes as well as the ability to correct patterning errors that underlie developmental defects.

Spatial gradients of protein activity pattern all developing embryos. But which features of these patterns are essential and which are dispensable for development? Answering this question has been deceptively difficult, due to the difficulty of shaping spatial gradients using chemical or genetic perturbations. Johnson and colleagues use optogenetics to fully restore normal embryo development with a pattern of light, opening the door to complete control over spatial organization in developing and engineered tissues.
Stochastic activation and bistability in a Rab GTPase regulatory network
Authors: Bezeljak Urban , Loya Hrushikesh , Kaczmarek Beata , Saunders Timothy E. , Loose Martin
Published: September 2019

Rab GTPases are the central regulators of intracellular traffic. Their function relies on a conformational change triggered by nucleotide exchange and hydrolysis. While this switch is well understood for an individual protein, how Rab GTPases collectively transition between states to generate a biochemical signal in space and time is unclear. Here, we combine in vitro reconstitution experiments with theoretical modeling to study a minimal Rab5 activation network. We find that positive feedback in this network gives rise to bistable switching of Rab5 activation and provide evidence that controlling the inactive population of Rab5 on the membrane can shape the network response. Together, our findings reveal new insights into the non-equilibrium properties and general principles of biochemical signaling networks underlying the spatiotemporal organization of the cell.
Loss ofdop-2causes increased dopamine release and locomotory defects in the presence of ethanol
Authors: Pandey Pratima , Singh Anuradha , Kaur Harjot , Ghosh-Roy Anindya , Babu Kavita
Published: September 2019

Ethanol is a widely used drug, excessive consumption of which could lead to medical conditions with diverse symptoms. Ethanol abuse causes disinhibition of memory, attention, speech and locomotion across species. Dopamine signaling plays an essential role in ethanol dependent behaviors in animals ranging fromC. elegansto humans. We devised an ethanol dependent assay in which mutants in the dopamine autoreceptor,dop-2,displayed a unique sedative locomotory behavior causing the animals to move in circles while dragging the posterior half of their body. We identify the posterior dopaminergic sensory neuron as being essential to modulate this behavior. We further demonstrate that indop-2mutants, ethanol exposure increases dopamine secretion and results in enhanced function of the DVA interneuron. DVA releases the neuropeptide NLP-12 and leads to the excitation of cholinergic motor neurons that affect movement. Thus, DOP-2 modulates dopamine levels at the synapse and regulates alcohol induced movement through NLP-12.
Numerical analysis of damage zones in a bridge
Authors: Moussaoui Mohammed Lamine , Chabaat Mohamed
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a numerical analysis of structural monitoring for damage zones detection. The study is performed with Ansys finite element software, which reads in batch mode programming a previously generated mesh data file and computes the transient dynamic solution for each time-step iteration within an analysis time range.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach itself is applied on a bridge structure which can be potentially subjected to damage zones due to severe loads cases and or earthquakes vibrations. The ideal Von Mises failure criterion ellipsoid envelope is applied for the detection of overstepped computed stresses and strains.

Findings

This numerical analysis allows computing, for each time-step iteration, the dynamic displacements at each degree of freedom and the corresponding stresses and strains inside the elements under the action of several times dependent loads cases.

Practical implications

Several simulations are considered to quantify the external loads.

Originality/value

The material properties of reinforced concrete RC are calculated for an existing specific bridge structure case. The RC strength is then introduced from the basic compounds material properties using the corresponding volumes fractions.
Lung ultrasound for early diagnosis of postoperative need for ventilatory support: a prospective observational study
Authors: Dransart‐Rayé O. , Roldi E. , Zieleskiewicz L. , Guinot P. G. , Mojoli F. , Mongodi S. , Bouhemad B.
Published: September 2019

Pulmonary complications have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality in patients after major surgery. Lung ultrasound can be used at the bed‐side, and has gained widespread acceptance in the intensive care unit. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate whether lung ultrasound could be used as a predictive marker for postoperative ventilatory support in high‐risk surgical patients. We included 109 patients admitted to the intensive care unit while having mechanical ventilation of the lungs following major surgery. The PaO2/FIO2 ratio was calculated on admission and an ultrasound examination performed, including: lung (‘lung ultrasound score’, number of consolidated lung areas); cardiac (mitral flow); and inferior vena cava imaging (diameter and respiratory variation). Respiratory outcomes included: the need for ventilation support (mechanical ventilation, non‐invasive ventilation or high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy); acute respiratory distress syndrome; cardiogenic pulmonary oedema; and early or late pulmonary infection. Patients with a lung ultrasound score ≥ 10 had a lower PaO2/FIO2 ratio, and needed more postoperative ventilatory support, than patients with lung ultrasound score < 10. Twenty patients had acute respiratory distress syndrome, and 14 had cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. The presence of ≥ 2 areas of consolidated lung was associated with a lower PaO2/FIO2 ratio, postoperative ventilatory support, longer intensive care stay and episodes of ventilator‐associated pneumonia requiring antibiotics. Our results suggest that at intensive care unit admission, lung ultrasound scoring and detection of atelectasis can predict postoperative pulmonary outcomes after major visceral surgery, and could enhance bed‐side decision making.
Low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer: A 15‐year experience in Japan
Authors: Tanaka Nobumichi , Asakawa Isao , Hasegawa Masatoshi , Fujimoto Kiyohide
Published: September 2019

The history of prostate brachytherapy has passed one century. In 1983, modern low‐dose‐rate prostate brachytherapy using a transrectal ultrasound‐guided procedure was introduced. In the early 1990s, low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy was introduced and rapidly spread across the USA due to its excellent oncological control, cost‐effectiveness and technically easy procedure. Since low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy was introduced in Japan (2003), over 15 years have passed. More than 43 000 patients have undergone low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy. Japanese urologists and radiation oncologists are on course with leading brachytherapists in the USA. A nationwide prospective cohort study, J‐POPS, was initiated in 2005. The J‐POPS group also provides educational programs including an annual novel training course in low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy to familiarize urologists, radiation oncologists and pathologists with the procedure. Important information on Japanese patients has accumulated, especially by the J‐POPS study group. The Japanese investigators reported excellent oncological outcomes of low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy, showing equivalent or superior efficacy to surgery in low‐ to intermediate‐risk patients, and superior efficacy in high‐risk patients using the surgery biochemical recurrence definition (prostate‐specific antigen cut‐off value of 0.2 ng/mL). Two randomized controlled studies (SHIP study: intermediate risk, and TRIP study: high risk) carried out by the J‐POPS group are ongoing, and an additional follow‐up study (J‐POPS 2 study) has been started to evaluate survival outcomes over longer follow‐up periods. Low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy is expected to provide a survival benefit, which must be confirmed by further studies with longer follow‐up periods in the future.
Comparative analysis reveals changes in transcriptomes of sugarcane upon infection by Leifsoniaxyli subsp. xyli
Authors: Fu Yu‐Hua , Wei Jin‐Ju , Pan Yong‐Bao , Zhou Xiang , He Er‐Qi , Liu Rong , Huang Hui , Lu Jia‐Ju , Liu Fan‐Zhi
Published: September 2019

Ratoon stunting disease (RSD) caused by bacterium Leifsoniaxyli subsp. xyli (Lxx) is a devastating disease of sugarcane over a large part of the world. Genetic improvement for RSD‐resistant varieties is considered the most effective method to control the disease. However, genetic improvement of sugarcane is hindered by the limited information about the molecular mechanisms underlying Lxx pathogenicity and defence responses in sugarcane. In this study, genome‐wide gene expression profiling was used to compare RSD‐resistant (CP72‐2086) and RSD‐susceptible (GT11) genotypes at different infection time points in order to identify the candidate regulators for RSD resistance. A total of 14,494 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, indicating that dramatic changes had occurred in gene expression upon Lxx infection, especially in the susceptible genotype. Enrichment analysis showed that a large number of genes related to plant hormone signal transduction, phenylalanine metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism was responsible for sugarcane response to Lxx infection. Plant hormone signalling pathway genes were significantly differentially expressed at the early infection stage between the two genotypes. The resistant genotype chose the jasmonic acid‐ and ethylene‐dependent host‐defence pathways to resist Lxx infection, whereas the susceptible genotype preferred the salicylic acid‐dependent host‐defence pathways. These findings help unravel the molecular mechanisms of sugarcane plant–Lxx interactions and may pave the way for sugarcane breeding for disease resistance.
Cerebrospinal fluid lactate in dogs with inflammatory central nervous system disorders
Authors: Mariani Christopher L. , Nye Carolyn J. , Tokarz Debra A. , Green Lauren , Lau Jeanie , Zidan Natalia , Early Peter J. , Guevar Julien , Muñana Karen R. , Olby Natasha J. , Miles Sarita
Published: September 2019

Background

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate is frequently used as a biomarker in humans with inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disorders including bacterial meningitis and autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis.

Hypothesis

Cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentrations are increased in a subset of dogs with inflammatory CNS disorders.

Animals

One hundred two client‐owned dogs diagnosed with inflammatory CNS disease.

Methods

Case series. Cases were identified both prospectively at the time of diagnosis and retrospectively by review of a CSF biorepository. Cerebrospinal fluid lactate was analyzed with a commercially available, handheld lactate monitor. Subcategories of inflammatory disease were created for comparison (eg, steroid‐responsive meningitis arteritis, meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology).

Results

Cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentrations were above reference range in 47% of dogs (median, 2.5 mmol/L; range, 1.0‐11.7 mmol/L). There was no significant difference in lactate concentrations between disease subcategories (P= .48). Significant but weak correlations were noted between CSF lactate concentration and nucleated cell count (r= .33,P < .001), absolute large mononuclear cell count (r= .44,P < .001), absolute small mononuclear cell count (r= .39,P < .001), absolute neutrophil cell count (r= .24,P= .01), and protein (r= .44,P < .001). No correlation was found between CSF lactate concentration and CSF red blood cell count (P= .58). There was no significant association of CSF lactate concentration with survival (P= .27).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentrations could serve as a rapid biomarker of inflammatory CNS disease in dogs.
Interpretative considerations for clinical pathology findings in nonclinical toxicology studies
Authors: Aulbach Adam , Vitsky Allison , Arndt Tara , Ramaiah Lila , Logan Michael , Siska William , Cregar Laura , Tripathi Niraj , Adedeji Adeyemi , Provencher Anne , Gupta Ara , Jordan Holly , Bounous Denise , Boone Laura
Published: September 2019

The interpretation of clinical pathology results from nonclinical safety studies is a fundamental component in hazard identification of new drug candidates. The ever‐increasing complexity of nonclinical safety studies and sophistication of modern analytical methods have made the interpretation of clinical pathology information by a highly trained subject matter expert imperative. Certain interpretive techniques are particularly effective in the identification and characterization of clinical pathology effects. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide an overview of contemporary interpretive practices for clinical pathology results and to provide nonbinding recommendations aimed at improving consistency, quality, and overall value of clinical pathology interpretations generated in support of nonclinical toxicology studies.
Higher-rank Bohr sets and multiplicative diophantine approximation
Authors: Chow Sam , Technau Niclas
Published: September 2019

Gallagher’s theorem is a sharpening and extension of the Littlewood conjecture that holds for almost all tuples of real numbers. We provide a fibre refinement, solving a problem posed by Beresnevich, Haynes and Velani in 2015. Hitherto, this was only known on the plane, as previous approaches relied heavily on the theory of continued fractions. Using reduced successive minima in lieu of continued fractions, we develop the structural theory of Bohr sets of arbitrary rank, in the context of diophantine approximation. In addition, we generalise the theory and result to the inhomogeneous setting. To deal with this inhomogeneity, we employ diophantine transference inequalities in lieu of the three distance theorem.
Characterization of the Self-Resistance Mechanism to Dityromycin in the
Streptomyces
Producer Strain
Authors: Fabbretti Attilio , Çapuni Retina , Giuliodori Anna Maria , Cimarelli Lucia , Miano Antonino , Napolioni Valerio , La Teana Anna , Spurio Roberto
Published: September 2019

The World Health Organization has identified antimicrobial resistance as a substantial threat to human health. Because of the emergence of pathogenic bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics worldwide, there is a need to identify the mode of action of antibiotics and to unravel the basic mechanisms responsible for drug resistance. Antibiotic producers’ microorganisms can protect themselves from the toxic effect of the drug using different strategies; one of the most common involves the modification of the antibiotic’s target site. In this work, we report a detailed analysis of the molecular mechanism, based on protein modification, devised by the soil microorganism
Streptomyces
sp. strain AM-2504 to protect itself from the activity of the peptide antibiotic dityromycin. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this mechanism can be reproduced in
E. coli
, thereby eliciting antibiotic resistance in this human commensal bacterium.
The contribution of valence quarks in the nucleon GE and GM
Authors: Nikkhoo Negin Sattary , Shojaei Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2019

The goal of this paper is to extract the flavor decomposition of nucleon electromagnetic form factor using the modified Gaussian and extended Regge ansatzes in the GPDs. We consider the CJ15 and JR09 parton distribution functions for both of these ansatzes in calculating the nucleon elastic form factors. Our results are compared with experimental data in the range [Formula: see text] 4-momentum transfers. Also, we calculate the total angular momentum carried by quarks, the gravitational form factors, and the transverse gravitational density for quarks of the nucleon. In the end, our results are compared with the other studies.
Bifidobacterium Supplementation of Colostrum and Breast Milk Enhances Weight Gain and Metabolic Responses Associated with Microbiota Establishment in Very-Preterm Infants
Authors: Oshiro Tatsuo , Nagata Satoru , Wang Chongxin , Takahashi Takuya , Tsuji Hirokazu , Asahara Takashi , Nomoto Koji , Takei Hajime , Nittono Hiroshi , Yamashiro Yuichiro
Published: September 2019

Background: Postnatal growth restriction in very-preterm infants (VPIs) may have long-lasting effects. Recent evidence suggests that developmental problems in VPIs are related to abnormalities in intestinal microbial communities. Objective: To investigate the effect on growth outcomes in VPIs of supplementation with Bifidobacterium along with mother’s colostrum and breast milk. Methods: A randomized controlled study was performed on 35 VPIs, born between 24 and 31 weeks of gestation with birth weights <1,500 g. The patients received either daily Bifidobacterium breve supplementation (Bifid group) or vehicle supplement only (placebo group). Parenteral nutrition was initiated with glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids for all of the infants soon after birth. Each infant received their own mother’s colostrum within 24 h of birth, and breast milk on subsequent days. Fecal bacteria, organic acids, pH, bile acids, and plasma fatty acids were analyzed. Results: Seventeen infants were allocated to the Bifid group and 18 to the placebo group; the birth weights and gestational ages did not differ significantly between the two groups. Compared to the placebo group, the Bifid group showed significantly greater and earlier weight gain by 8 weeks; significantly higher total fecal bacterial counts, including bifidobacteria; higher levels of total fecal short-chain fatty acids and nominally (but not significantly) higher concentrations of plasma n–3 fatty acids; and lower levels of total fecal bile acid. Conclusions: Bifidobacterial supplementation of maternal colostrum and breast milk yielded the establishment of a beneficial microbiota profile, leading to favorable metabolic responses that appeared to provide improved growth in VPIs.
‘Where Only Women May Judge’: Developing Gender-Just Islamic Laws in India’s All-Female ‘Sharī‘ah Courts’
Authors: Jones Justin
Published: September 2019

Over the last four years, India has become the centre for a major experiment in the implementation of a so-called ‘gender-just Islam’ by Islamic feminist organisations: the formation of a non-official, female-led sharī‘ah court network, within which women serve as qāẓīs (religious judges) to adjudicate disputes within Muslim families. Pre­senting themselves as counterweights to more patriarchal legal bodies, including both the official judiciary and unofficial dispute resolution forums, these sharī‘ah ‘adālats employ both state-centred and community-focused strategies to assist Muslim women experiencing marital or family-related strife. Based on interviews with female qāẓīs and associated documentary sources, I examine how the women who run these courts adjudicate family conflicts according to what they understand as both the Qur’an’s ethical teachings, and its stipulations regarding the proper methods of dispute resolution. I also argue that these all-female sharī‘ah ‘adālats reflect a shift of focus away from court litigation and legislative intervention, and towards non-state, arbitration-focused practices, as the most fruitful means to protect the needs of Muslim women in contemporary India.
Application‐Based Translaryngeal Ultrasound for the Assessment of Vocal Fold Mobility in Children
Authors: Sayyid Zahra , Vendra Varun , Meister Kara D. , Krawczeski Catherine D. , Speiser Noah J. , Sidell Douglas R.
Published: September 2019

Objective

To compare the evaluation of vocal fold mobility between flexible nasal laryngoscopy (FNL) and a handheld application‐based translaryngeal ultrasound (TLUS) platform.

Study Design

Prospective analysis included patients with unknown vocal fold mobility status who underwent FNL and TLUS.

Setting

Tertiary referral center.

Subjects and Methods

TLUS was performed on 23 consecutive children (<18 years old) presenting for laryngoscopy due to unknown vocal fold mobility status. After the recording of three 10‐second TLUS videos as well as FNL, the study was divided into 2 parts: parental assessment of laryngeal ultrasound at the time of patient evaluation and random practitioner assessment of ultrasound videos.

Results

We describe 23 patients who underwent TLUS and FNL. Ten patients (43.5%) had normal vocal fold function bilaterally, and 13 (56.5%) had either left or right vocal fold immobility. Family members and physicians correctly identified the presence and laterality of impaired vocal fold mobility in 22 of 23 cases (κ = 0.96). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of FLUS in diagnosing vocal fold immobility were 92.3%, 100%, 100%, and 90.9%, respectively. Random practitioners accurately identified the presence and laterality of vocal fold immobility under all circumstances.

Conclusion

A handheld application‐based ultrasound platform is both sensitive and specific in its ability to identify vocal fold motion impairment. Portable handheld TLUS has the potential to serve as a validated screening examination, even by inexperienced providers, and in specific cases may obviate the need for an invasive transnasal laryngoscopy.
No evidence for the involvement of serotonin or the 5-HTTLPR genotype in intertemporal choice in a larger community sample
Authors: Neukam Philipp T , Deza-Araujo Yacila I , Marxen Michael , Pooseh Shakoor , Rietschel Marcella , Schwarzenbolz Uwe , Smolka Michael N
Published: September 2019

Background:

Serotonin has been implicated in impulsive behaviours such as temporal discounting. While animal studies and theoretical approaches suggest that reduced tonic serotonin levels increase temporal discounting rates and vice versa, evidence from human studies is scarce and inconclusive. Furthermore, an important modulator of serotonin signalling, a genetic variation in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene ( 5-HTTLPR), has not been investigated for temporal discounting so far.

Objective:

First, the purpose of this study was to test for a significant association between 5-HTTLPR and temporal discounting. Second, we wished to investigate the effect of high/low tonic serotonin levels on intertemporal choice and blood oxygen-level-dependent response, controlling for 5-HTTLPR.

Methods:

We tested the association of 5-HTTLPR with temporal discounting rates using an intertemporal choice task in 611 individuals. We then manipulated tonic serotonin levels with acute tryptophan interventions (depletion, loading, balanced) in a subsample of 45 short (S)-allele and 45 long (L)/L-allele carriers in a randomised double-blind crossover design using functional magnetic resonance imaging and an intertemporal choice task.

Results:

Overall, we did not find any effect of serotonin and 5-HTTLPR on temporal discounting rates or the brain networks associated with valuation and cognitive control.

Conclusion:

Our findings indicate that serotonin may not be directly involved in choices including delays on longer timescales such as days, weeks or months. We speculate that serotonin plays a stronger role in dynamic intertemporal choice tasks where the delays are on a timescale of seconds and hence are therefore directly experienced during the experiment.
Security-aware dual-hop communication for amplify-and-forward relay networks
Authors: Ding Fei , Sun Xiaojun , Ding Xiaojin , Su Ruoyu , Zhang Dengyin , Zhu Hongbo
Published: September 2019

The authentication scheme for vehicular ad hoc networks aims to improve the security and integrity of message delivery. The base station manages a large number of vehicular nodes, so the security communications are non-trivial. In this article, we propose an amplify-and-forward strategy for a dual-hop cooperative network in order to improve secure communications for vehicular ad hoc networks. We assume that each vehicular node equipped with a single antenna and derive closed-form expressions for the secure communication rate calculation. Moreover, we propose a cooperative strategy by jointly considering average power scaling and instantaneous power scaling, which are proved to be able to achieve information security. The simulation result shows that the proposed scheme can achieve better performance in scenarios with different signal-to-noise ratio.
The crisis in social care
Authors: McAlees Melissa
Published: September 2019

In what is believed to be the largest petition of its kind, more than 150 000 signatories have urged Prime Minister Boris Johnson to fix the social care crisis as a ‘matter of urgency’
Gum disease bacteria could be responsible for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Palmer Sarah
Published: September 2019

A study investigating the link between gum disease bacteria and Alzheimer's disease has found compelling correlational evidence, with implications for treatment. Sarah Palmer investigates
Restraint, seclusion and segregation: the CQC perspective
Authors: Frankova Helena
Published: September 2019

In the absence of the Care Quality Commission's long-expected comprehensive report, an interim report was released on seclusion and segregation in May 2019. Helena Frankova discusses its concerning findings and what can be learned from them
Conhecimento, aprendizagem e socialização da extensão no contexto do laboratório de história da Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB)
Authors: Domingues Daniele Machado , Jordão Márcia Espíndola , Castilho Maria Augusta de
Published: September 2019

O texto tem por objetivo apresentar algumas das atividades de extensão realizadas no Laboratório de História da Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB), contextualizando as ações desenvolvidas junto às escolas públicas e privadas de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, visando à conscientização junto aos alunos sobre o patrimônio cultural da capital sul-mato-grossense. A metodologia utilizada perpassou pelo método indutivo com cortes transversais, por meio de oficinas realizadas nas escolas para alunos do Ensino Fundamental e Médio, ministradas pelos bolsistas e pela coordenadora do projeto de extensão, utilizando livros, multimídia, debates e acervo fotográfico. Os resultados apontam para um contato direto com a população-alvo proporcionando uma partilha de saberes, construída a partir das discussões realizadas in loco, nas quais novos conhecimentos foram apreendidos, alavancando a vontade de uma mudança de postura em relação às reflexões sobre a preservação do patrimônio cultural campo-grandense e o exercício da cidadania. Quanto ao ensino-aprendizagem, os bolsistas de extensão também desenvolvem outras atividades, a saber: organização de eventos, visitas técnicas, realização de cursos, oficinas, participação de eventos e orientações de pesquisas científicas.
Academic optimism and a touch of wisdom
Authors: Woolfolk Hoy Anita
Published: September 2019

I am honored to be part of a series that includes many of my academic idols – scholars I have read and cited for years. Because my involvement in educational psychology has lasted for over half a century, I have been asked before to share some “acquired wisdom” (Shaughnessy, 2004; Woolfolk Hoy, 1996, 2000, 2008a, 2008b, 2018). Selected ideas from those previous musings made their way into this essay.
Überführung von Oestron in Oestriol
Authors: Butenandt Adolf , Schäffler Erna-Luise
Published: September 2019

Abstrakt

Es wird eine Methode beschrieben, nach der das weibliche Keimdrüsenhormon Oestron über 5 Arbeitsstufen in einer Gesamtausbeute von 15% in das Placentahormon Oestriol überführt werden kann. Da Oestron synthetisch zugänglich ist, wird durch diese Verknüpfung auch die künstliche Darstellung des Hormons Oestriol ermöglicht. Die Darstellungsart läßt den Schluß zu, daß im natürlichen Oestriol die 17-ständige Hydroxylgruppe in trans-, die 16-ständige in cis-Stellung zur angulären Methylgruppe am C13 stehen.
Ergebnisse der Tieftemperaturforschung II. Das Zustandsdiagramm HBr – DBr
Authors: Clusius Klaus
Published: September 2019

Während HBr im festen Zustand drei Umwandlungen besitzt, hat DBr deren nur zwei. Es liegt hier einer der wenigen bisher bekannten Fälle vor, in denen durch Isotopie ein makroskopisch beobachtbares, qualitativ neues Verhalten ausgelöst wird. Und zwar ist der obere, bei 120,26° abs gelegene Umwandlungspunkt des DBr in zwei bei 113,62° abs und 116,86° abs gelegene Umwandlungen beim HBr aufgespalten. Im Zustandsdiagramm schrumpft diese beim HBr „eingeschobene" E-Phase mit steigendem DBr-Gehalt immer weiter zusammen und findet bei 117,5° abs und 47% DBr in einem Tripelpunkt ihr Ende. Das Phänomen des Auftretens oder Verschwindens neuer Umwandlungen durch Isotopenersatz dürfte ein typischer Quanteneffekt sein, der auf manche Wasserstoffverbindungen beschränkt ist
Ein quantenmechanischer Diffusionseffekt
Authors: Waldmann Ludwig
Published: September 2019

Abstrakt

Die Thermodiffusionskoeffizienten von Para- gegen Orthowasserstoff werden berechnet; sie kommen zustande - trotz gleicher Massen und zwischenmolekularer Kräfte - durch die Nichtunterseheidbarkeit bzw. Unterscheidbarkeit von Molekülen in gleichen bzw. verschiedenen Kernspin- und Rotationszuständen. Es wird gefolgert, daß eine Anreicherung, wenn auch keine Reindarstellung von Orthowasserstoff durch Anwendung des Trennrohrverfahrens bei tiefer Temperatur möglich sein sollte. Ferner wird die bei der Vermischung von Ortho- und Parawasserstoff auf Grund des Diffusionsthermoeffekts zu erwartende Temperaturdifferenz abgeschätzt.
Präzisionsvergleich von Qitterkonstanten mittels Fraunhofer-Anordnung
Authors: Möllenstedt Gottfried
Published: September 2019

Abstrakt

Um höchste Präzision beim Vergleich von Gitterkonstanten mittels Elektroneninterferenzen zu ermöglichen, werden Eichsubstanz und Prüfsubstanz nebeneinander in einem etwa 1 mm breiten Fraunhofer - Bündel aufgestellt. Das neue Verfahren beseitigt frühere Mängel, insbesondere Überlagerungsstörungen, und erzielt eine Genauigkeit von mindestens 10/oo-
Widerstandsnormale bei hohen Frequenzen
Authors: Meinke Hans Heinrich
Published: September 2019

Als Widerstandsnormal wird der Wellenwiderstand einer Leitung benutzt, der in einigen Fällen sehr genau berechnet und mit Genauigkeiten bis zu etwa 2°/00 praktisch dargestellt werden kann. Ein Meßverfahren zum Abgleich nicht berechenbarer Wellen-widerstände wird angegeben.
Anreicherung der schweren Isotope von Li und K durch elektrolytische Ionenwanderung in geschmolzenen Chloriden
Authors: Klemm Alfred , Hintenberoer Heinrich , Hoernes Philipp
Published: September 2019

Durch elektrolytische Ionenwanderung wurde an der Grenzfläche zwischen geschmol-zenem LiCl mit 2 Molprozent KCl einerseits und geschmolzenem PbCl2 andererseits bei einer Stromdichte von 5 A/cm 2 in 48 Stdn. K stark angereichert, das Mischungsverhält-nis [ 7 Li]/[ 6 Li] von 12,3 auf. 44,3 und das Mischungsverhältnis [41K]/[39K] von 0,0714 auf 0,0885 verschoben. Als Quotienten der Ionenwanderungsgeschwindigkeiten wurden gefunden:wLi/wK =1,156, w6/w7= 1,021 und w39/w41 = 1,016. Faßt man diese Quotienten als Trennfaktoren einer Stufe auf, so bedeuten die angegebenen Anreiche-rungen eine wirksame gesamte Trennstufenzahl von 61,5 bei den Li-Isotopen und 13,4 bei den K-Isotopen. Für den Masseneffekt μ = ln (wj/wk)/ In (mj / mk), (m = Isotopen-masse), folgt μ = - 0,135 für Li und μ= - 0,32 für K. Der große Masseneffekt und die kleine Trennstufenzahl beim K kann durch dessen geringe Konzentration erklärt werden.
Resonanz und Wasserstoffbindung der Carboxyl-und der Amidgruppe
Authors: Wirtz Karl
Published: September 2019

Moleküle mit Carboxyl-und Amidgruppen gehen untereinander besonders feste Wasserstoffbindungen ein. Das bekannteste Beispiel sind die Doppelmoleküle der Carbonsäuren. Wie bei allen Wasserstoffbindungen besteht der Hauptteil der Bindungs-energie aus elektrostatischer Anziehung der gegenüberliegenden Dipole. Außerdem muß man jedoch einen bisher unbekannten, nicht elektrostatischen Anteil annehmen, um die beobachteten Bindungsenergien zu verstehen. Er hängt mit den besonderen Bin-dungsverhältnissen innerhalb der Carboxyl-und Amidgruppe zusammen. Dort besteht echte Resonanz der π-Elektronen der C-, O-und N-Atome. Diese Resonanz wurde nach dem Verfahren von Hund, Mulliken, Hückel untersucht, das auf den Fall er-weitert wurde, daß die π-Eigenfunktionen verschiedenen Atomen angehören. Die mit Hilfe der Theorie erhaltene Resonanzverfestigung des Carboxylions von rund 40 Kcal stimmt befriedigend mit Werten überein, die aus experimentellen Beobachtungen ab-geleitet werden.

Die Resonanz ist in der undissoziierten monomeren Gruppe wegen der Ungleichheit der beiden kanonischen Valenzschemata am unvollkommensten. Sie ist besser, wenn das Molekül eine Wasserstoffbindung eingeht, da dann die Struktur "symmetrisiert" wird. Am vollkommensten ist sie im Carboxylion, wodurch zur Hauptsache der saure Charakter erklärt wird.

Die Festigkeit der Wasserstoffbindung derartiger Gruppen rührt also zum Teil da-von her, daß ihre "innere" Resonanz beim Eingehen der Wasserstoffbindung verbessert wird. Es wird versucht, diesen Anteil für das Essigsäure-Doppelmolekül zu bestimmen. Es ergibt sich ein vorläufiger Wert von etwa 2 Kcal pro H-Bindung. 1. Resonanzverfestigung der Carboxyl-und der Amidgruppe Die Bindungsenergie normaler Moleküle kann in der Regel aus Energieanteilen der Einzel-bindungen additiv zusammengesetzt werden 1 . Die
Die chemische Abscheidung der bei der Spaltung des Urans entstehenden Elemente und Atomarten II
Authors: Seelmann-Eggebert W .
Published: September 2019

Es wird, die analytische Abscheidung der Spaltelemente Ruthenium, Rhodium, Palladium, Silber, Cadmium und Indium aus dem Uran beschrieben, und zwar zuerst die Abtrennung der genannten Elemente nebeneinander aus der Gruppenfällung 1 . Im zweiten Teil folgt die Darstellung der Einzelabscheidungen aus dem Uran.