bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical and Pharmacological Analysis of Moringa Oleifera Leaves
Authors: Kamran  , Saima Naz  , Sajjad Ali Shah  , Ijaz Ahmad  , Shumaila  , Sara  , Nijat Ali  , Muhammad Abbas Asghar  , Mustafa Khan  , Muhammad Hanif
Published: February 2025

The use of medicinal plant extract-mediated treatment was found to be very effective in controlling bacterial infection. The plant moringa oleifera leaves was evaluated against gram negative pathogenic bacteria S. aureus, E. coli, S. typhi, P. aeruginosa. The methanolic extract of moringa oleifera leaves also possesses moderate antifungal activity against candida albicans and candida tropical The MeOH.Ext and Aq Ext of moringa oleiferawere screened for insecticidal activity, against three different insect species i.e. Tribolium castaneum, Rhyzopertha dominica and Callosobruchus analis, revealed that MeOH.Ext and Aq Ext of the plant, showed significant activity against the tested insects.. The methanolic extract showed significant result in growth inhibition at concentrations of 1000 and 100 µg/ml, respectively. While no phytotoxic activity was observed at concentration 10 µg/ml. The MeOH Ext and Aq Ext ofmoringa oleifera show no hemagglutination activity against human red blood cell. The search for plant-based antimicrobials is growing due to rising resistance, high costs, and reduced efficacy of conventional medicines. Moringa oleifera has shown potential as a natural antimicrobial agent, though its active compounds were not fully assessed. This study identified inhibitory plant compounds against tested pathogens, suggesting their promising role in pharmaceutical applications. These findings highlight M. oleifera as a potential source of novel antimicrobials for controlling pathogenic bacteria effectively.
Exploring Rural Youth Entrepreneurial Mindset and Intentions: Gender Differences and the Impact of Entrepreneurship Subject
Authors: Narzari Daithun ,   research scholar at Rajiv Gandhi National Institute of Youth Development, Bhattacharjee Sharmistha ,   Rajiv Gandhi National Institute of Youth Development
Published: February 2025

Rural youth entrepreneurship is vital for harnessing the country’s untapped potential, creating selfreliant individuals, and driving innovation in agriculture and small-scale industries, contributing to sustainable rural development and the overall economic growth of a nation. This study aims to assess the level of entrepreneurial mindset (EM) and entrepreneurial intention (EI) among rural youth while investigating the potential impact of gender and entrepreneurial education (Entrepreneurship subject, ES) on EM and EI. The data were collected using purposive sampling (N=129) from rural Assam, India, college students. A questionnaire consisting of a ten-item Likert scale adapted from Jung and Lee (2020) and Liñán and Chen (2009) was used for data collection. Descriptive analysis results indicate a high overall agreement with EM and EI, with mean scores of 4.22 and 4.12, respectively. A Shapiro-Wilk test revealed that both EM (p < 0.05) and EI (p < 0.05) data were not normally distributed, leading to the use of non-parametric tests to examine the hypotheses. For the null hypothesis (H0) that gender has no significant effect on EM and EI, an Independent Sample Kruskal-Wallis Test yielded p-values of (.175) for EM and (.897) for EI, both > 0.05, leading to the acceptance of the null hypothesis. Conversely, for the alternative hypothesis (Ha1) that ES has a significant effect on EM and EI, similar tests showed p-values of (.000) for EM and (.002) for EI, both < 0.05, resulting in the rejection of the null hypothesis. The reliability of the EM scale stands at Cronbach’s Alpha 0.702, and for EI, it stands at Cronbach’s Alpha 0.606, both considered reliable. The study fills the lacuna of literature on entrepreneurship in the rural context that targets youth’s entrepreneurial mindset and intentions intervened by entrepreneurship subject.
Determining the Attitudinal and Perceptual Dynamics of Society Towards Waste Segregation and Management: Empirical Insights from Kolkata’s Populace
Authors: S Mitra Samuel , Arockiam. A Peter , K Joseph , Costa Milton , Hembrom Aparajita , Sharma Payal
Published: February 2025

Against this hyperbolized era of globalization, the skyrocketing production and consumption of various products and materials generate enormous amounts of waste. As of late, initiatives have been undertaken in metropolitan Kolkata by the Kolkata Municipal Corporation to segregate waste in terms of dry waste and wet waste in order to make waste recycling easier and cut the load of waste going to landfills, thereby combating the adverse effects of wastes on the environment and humankind. Society is also expected to be parallelly responsive towards the overwhelming consciousness about the environment sparked by the rapid escalation in the volume of waste. To serve this purpose, the current research study purports to examine and analyze the attitudes and behaviour of the people of Kolkata towards waste segregation and management.
The Importance of Information and Communication Technologies for Agripreneurs
Authors: Kayum Nabila , Mamgain Pradeep
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Utilizing Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in agriculture is an emerging necessity for growing economies. This study concentrates on the status of information transmission in the agriculture sector. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to explore ICT usage among agripreneurs. Method: The significant findings were analysed using a descriptive research design. A surveybased questionnaire was the medium of data collection. The total 120 agripreneurs registered in the “Rural Enterprise Acceleration Project Uttarakhand” are respondents of the study. Results: The findings highlight that mobile phones, television, and radio are the most popular ICTs among agripreneurs to increase agricultural productivity and profitability. However, their constraints are the unawareness of ICTs and the need for proper skills and confidence. Contribution: This study serves as a springboard to promote ICT advancements in agriculture. It helps policymakers, managers, extension employees, and the government to know the current ICT usage situation and problems to execute communication technologies and interventions.
Health and Safety Protocols of Higher Education Institutions in Roxas City, Capiz amidst COVID 19
Authors: Cadeliña John Lester
Published: February 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted higher education institutions (HEIs), necessitating the implementation of health and safety protocols to ensure academic continuity while safeguarding stakeholders. This study assessed the implementation of these protocols in HEIs in Roxas City, analyzing compliance levels, challenges encountered, and differences between public and private institutions. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational research design, data were collected from administrative and security personnel across various HEIs through stratified random sampling. Findings indicate that public HEIs demonstrated a higher compliance rate (85%) compared to private HEIs (72%), suggesting stronger institutional support and better resource allocation. However, private HEIs faced greater challenges (55%) than their public counterparts (40%), reflecting gaps in policy enforcement, financial constraints, and logistical difficulties. The results align with existing literature emphasizing the role of governance, institutional preparedness, and stakeholder engagement in maintaining health protocols. Based on these findings, this study recommends strengthening institutional policies, increasing funding for safety measures, enhancing training and awareness campaigns, implementing systematic monitoring strategies, and fostering collaboration between public and private HEIs. These initiatives can enhance institutional resilience and readiness for future health crises, ensuring a safer learning environment. Future research may explore sustainable models for integrating long-term health and safety measures into higher education frameworks.
Resilience of Media in Risk Reduction: An Analysis of Pakistani Press through the Lens of Sustainable Development
Authors: Rashid Sana , Shah Babar Hussain
Published: February 2025

Aim of the Study: This study explores the role of media in disaster management, emphasizing sustainable development strategies for disaster risk reduction (DRR). It specifically analyzes the coverage of the 2022 flood crisis in Pakistan through the lenses of Social Responsibility and Framing Theory.
Methodology: The research uses a quantitative content analysis approach to examine news from two English-language newspapers (Dawn and Daily Express Tribune) and two Urdu newspapers (Daily Duniya and Jang). Using purposive sampling, the study encompasses the following timeframes: the pre-disaster stage (January 1, 2022, to May 31, 2022), the disaster stage (June 1, 2022, to October 31, 2022), and the post-disaster stage (November 1, 2022, to March 31, 2023).
Findings: The findings suggest that media attention peaked during the flood crisis but soon declined, indicating a pattern of inconsistent and reactive reporting. English-language newspapers provided a more comprehensive perspective, discussing political, economic, and policy-related aspects, including international aid. In contrast, Urdu newspapers primarily concentrated on immediate rescue efforts and their humanitarian impact. These findings underscore the urgent need to transition towards development journalism that actively educates the public about disaster preparedness, prevention, and sustainable management practices.
Conclusion: In conclusion, this research highlights the importance of adopting a development-oriented approach to disaster reporting. This approach should focus on building long-term resilience and promoting sustainable development to effectively mitigate future disasters' impacts.
The spiritual intersection of Shams and sufism: A comparative analysis of Shams' character in the forty rules of love and the sufi teachings in Kashf al-Mahjoob by Ali Hajweri
Authors: Siraj Shehbaz , Mehak  , Ullah Ihsan
Published: February 2025

The spiritual cross-path of Shams of Tabraiz, portrayed by Elif Shafak in her ground breaking work “The Forty Rules of Love”, and Sufism as explained in Kashaf ul Majooob by Ali Hajweri puts forth a compelling and eye catching lens to investigate the mystical perspectives of self-transcendence and diving love.  This study explores how the transformative character of Shams as Spiritual mentor in the mentioned novel correspond with the basic principle of Sufism and particular a Sufi, expounded by Ali Hajweri in his book. With his unconventional preaching and radical wisdom, Shams recapitulates the Sufi path by accepting the divine love and deconstructing the ego as the ultimate truth.  In the book, his “forty rules” shapes the crux of Sufi teaching by highlighting the very importance of humility, spiritual awakening and true love and this in turns forms the essence of the doctrine that Kashf ul Majoob presents.  This forms a theoretical framework to explore the life of shams as a spiritual example. This analysis in comparison presents the character of Shams as a bridging a gap between ideals of Sufism and contemporary critics which not only makes the universal teaching of Sufism accessible beyond time but also emotionally resonant.
Hubungan Komunikasi Efektif Petugas Pendaftaran dengan Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien di UPTD Laboratorium Kesehatan Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat Tahun 2024
Authors: Nisa Habibatun , Fitriyani Rizka Nur , Khafidhoh Zakiyatul , Ngalimun Ngalimun
Published: February 2025

Dalam konteks pelayanan kesehatan, komunikasi efektif antar petugas pendaftaran dengan pasien memiliki peranan yang signifikan dalam menentukan kualitas pelayanan dan kepuasan pasien. Melalui komunikasi yang efektif antara petugas pendaftaran dan pasien di UPTD Laboratorium Kesehatan dapat memahami informasi mengenai pendataan pasien dan pelayanan yang akan dilakukan di UPTD Laboratorium Kesehatan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 369 responden di UPTD Laboratorium Kesehatan Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat pada tahun 2024 yang diambil dengan tekhnik Accidental Sampling dari bulan Januari 2024 sampai dengan bulan Desember 2024. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner menggunakan website skm.kotawaringinbaratkab.go.id. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi efektif tenaga pendaftaran di UPTD Laboratorium Kesehatan Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat dikategorikan baik dengan persentase 91,1% dan Kepuasan Pasien terhadap tenaga pendaftaran di UPTD Laboratorium Kesehatan Kabupetan Kotawaringin Barat dengan persentase 97,8% sehingga dikategorikan baik. Kesimpulannya adalah terdapat hubungan antara komunikasi efektif tenaga pendaftaran dengan tingkat kepuasan pasien di UPTD Laboratorium Kesehatan Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat dengan tingkat koefisien hubungan sangat kuat (r=0,839). Saran bagi pihak UPTD Laboratorium Kesehatan agar memberikan pelatihan komunikasi yang efektif untuk mengoptimalkan tenaga pendaftaran untuk lebih meningkatkan kepuasan pasien di UPTD Laboratorium Kesehatan.
Local Variations in Swordsmanship
Authors: Solberg Gustav , Schäfler Andreas Jæger Manøe
Published: February 2025

This study is centered around local variations in swordsmanship in Bronze Age Denmark. This is studied through Metalwork Wear Analysis (MWA) of eight Early Bronze Age swords and one spearhead from Jutland, three of which were studied in greater detail. The material is primarily from period II and III from Aalborg Amt. Results show high levels of swordsmanship but also demonstrate a remarkable difference in wear mark distribution and clustering. Two contemporary but distinct styles of fencing with swords are therefore suggested through MWA. MWA of the spearhead showed signs of slashing use, which shows that the notion of spears being only thrusting weapons, is too simplistic. Finally, the general results of the MWA have been put into its European context, by comparing the patterns to ones from Italy and Britain. The material studied showed different clustering patterns than seen in Italy in Britain. Furthermore, it is suggested that Northern Jutland fencing style was less focused on the binding of sword blades, as well as being based more on sword versus spear combat, than sword versus sword combat, as is the case in Britain and Italy.
What should I call you? Pathology of Spitz tumors
Authors:   Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Fónyad László
Published: February 2025

There are few areas in dermatopathology more controversial than the assessment of Spitz tumours. This is well reflected by the fact that one of the highest levels of pathological interobserver variability is seen in the evaluation of the
Spitz spectrum: Spitz nevus / Spitz melanocytoma (formerly
known as atypical Spitz tumours) / Spitz melanoma. The
constantly changing nomenclature does not help either, with
many people using the terms Spitz melanoma / spitzoid melanoma interchangeably. Over the past decade, the mapping
of the genetics of Spitz tumours has provided opportunities
for more accurate diagnostics and classification, as well as
more precise prognostication. Based on the identified differences, four main genetic subtypes can currently be distinguished: 1 – Spitz tumours with HRAS mutation (potentially accompanied by 11p amplification or 6q23 deletion),
2 – Spitz tumours with tyrosine-kinase fusions (ALK, ROS1,
NTRK1-3, MET, RET), 3 – Spitz tumours with serine/threonine-kinase fusions (BRAF, MAP3K8), 4 – Spitz tumours
with other rare genetic alterations. Each genetic subtype
may have characteristic morphological features that can
be observed through careful microscopic examination, allowing for the more targeted indication of detailed genetic
tests. Furthermore, the detection of secondary genetic errors in addition to the above-mentioned driver alterations
provides guidance in prognostic assessment. Melanocytic
tumours with a BRAF mutation (and not the aforementioned
fusion!), even with Spitz morphology, are classified among
melanomas with poorer prognosis, making the use of the
term Spitzoid melanoma only appropriate in this case. In
our publication, we provide an overview of the morpho-molecular and clinical characteristics of the different Spitz tumour subtypes and the methods used for accurate diagnosis.
Phytochemical compounds against mild cognitive impairment key proteins: An in-silico approach
Authors: Gonzalez-Ruiz Cristian , Hidalgo Isabel , Portilla-Martínez Andrés , Rubio-Gayosso Iván , Salgado-Ceballos Hermelinda , Fabela-Sánchez Omar , Bernal-Hernández Jorge , Ortiz-Flores Miguel
Published: February 2025

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is defined as an intermediate stage between normal age-related cognitive decline and pathological cognitive deterioration associated with aging, which course with alterations in one or more cognitive domains and could progress to a major neurocognitive disorder; we investigate five critical proteins involved in the pathophysiological process of MCI: Glycogen synthase 3-β (GSK3β), β-secretase (BACE1), Glutamate transporter associated protein 3–18 (GTRAP3-18), Pregnane X receptor (PXR), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We evaluated 2,568 phytochemical compounds as potential ligands of the best conformations of proteins, minimized with 100 ns of molecular dynamics (MDs), which have biological effects on central nervous system disease. All compounds were subjected to virtual screening to obtain the best ligand based on the docking score, then, 1,000 independent docking assays were performed to corroborate the binding site; Root Mean Square Deviation, frequency, and interacting atoms were calculated. Finally, the MD of the best ligand-protein complex was developed. The top probable ligand for each protein was dioscin for BACE1, quadrigeminal-A for GSK3β and GTRAP3-18, psychotridine for PXR and EGFR. This research emphasizes various phytochemicals that influence dysregulated proteins in MCI, offering details on their binding affinities and molecular interactions at the active sites of each receptor.
Cell type-specific driver lines targeting the Drosophila central complex and their use to investigate neuropeptide expression and sleep regulation
Authors: Wolff Tanya , Eddison Mark , Chen Nan , Nern Aljoscha , Sundaramurthi Preeti , Sitaraman Divya , Rubin Gerald M
Published: February 2025

The central complex (CX) plays a key role in many higher-order functions of the insect brain including navigation and activity regulation. Genetic tools for manipulating individual cell types, and knowledge of what neurotransmitters and neuromodulators they express, will be required to gain mechanistic understanding of how these functions are implemented. We generated and characterized split-GAL4 driver lines that express in individual or small subsets of about half of CX cell types. We surveyed neuropeptide and neuropeptide receptor expression in the central brain using fluorescent
in situ
hybridization. About half of the neuropeptides we examined were expressed in only a few cells, while the rest were expressed in dozens to hundreds of cells. Neuropeptide receptors were expressed more broadly and at lower levels. Using our GAL4 drivers to mark individual cell types, we found that 51 of the 85 CX cell types we examined expressed at least one neuropeptide and 21 expressed multiple neuropeptides. Surprisingly, all co-expressed a small neurotransmitter. Finally, we used our driver lines to identify CX cell types whose activation affects sleep, and identified other central brain cell types that link the circadian clock to the CX. The well-characterized genetic tools and information on neuropeptide and neurotransmitter expression we provide should enhance studies of the CX.
Anthropogenic reverberations on the gut microbiome of dwarf chameleons (Bradypodion)
Authors: Adair Matthew G. , Tolley Krystal A. , van Vuuren Bettine Jansen , da Silva Jessica Marie
Published: February 2025

Exploration of the microbiome has been referred to as a final frontier in biological research. This is due to its precedence for generating insights on the holistic functioning of organismal biology by exploring the interactions between hosts and their associated symbiotic organisms. The microbiomes of many vertebrate groups still require exploration to advance current knowledge and fill previous knowledge gaps. This study generated initial descriptions of the bacterial microbiomes of three species of dwarf chameleon (Bradypodion) from the 16S rRNA gene region targeting the V3 and V4 hypervariable regions. This led to the successful identification of 1,073 and 4,502 independent amplicon sequence variants from buccal swab and faecal material samples, respectively. This newly acquired information is intended as a baseline for future work incorporating holobiont information. The diversity of microbial taxa suggests that the total dwarf chameleon microbiome is similar to other squamates investigated to date, as well as chelonians (Testudines). Microbial frequency differences were noted in comparison to crocodilians (Archosauria) and mammalian groups. Furthermore, this study aimed to examine the influence of habitat transformation on the composition of the microbiome in dwarf chameleons as each of the study species occupy both urban and natural habitats. Given that most urban habitats are highly transformed, the expectation was that microbial assemblages of the gastro-intestinal tracts of all three Bradypodion species would show significant differences between populations (i.e., natural, or urban). It was found, however, that the level of effect was contingent on species: B. melanocephalum populations showed noticeable microbiome differences between urban and natural populations; B. thamnobates showed variations in microbial community dispersions between populations; and B. setaroi showed no significant microbiome differences based on diversity metrics although some frequency differences, in microbiome composition, were observed between populations. We suggest that the magnitude of difference between the habitats occupied by the populations is a factor, given the apparent disparity between the natural and urban habitats for B. melanocephalum as compared to the other two species.
Mapping the global distribution and conservation status of oases—ecosystems of pivotal biocultural relevance
Authors: Hernández-Agüero Juan Antonio , Falkenhahn Mechthilde , Hetzer Jessica , Wesche Karsten , Zarfl Christiane , Tockner Klement
Published: February 2025

Background

Oases are azonal, highly productive, densely vegetated areas within drylands, often converted to agriculture, and characterized by significant biocultural diversity. Despite their importance, comprehensive information on the global distribution and biocultural diversity of oases has been lacking.

Methods

To address this gap, a detailed bibliographic search and random forest modeling were combined to create a global map of oases, with a focus on Asia and North Africa (ANA).

Results

In the ANA region, oases cover 1.5% of the dryland area and are populated by 150 million people, with an additional 268 million people living nearby and most likely being dependent on them. Globally, oases contain more than 8,200 vertebrate species, of which 13% are classified as threatened. However, less than 0.5% of their total area is currently under protection, making oases one of the least conserved ecosystems worldwide. These findings highlight the distinct biocultural, ecological, and geopolitical importance of oases, which are increasingly threatened by climate change and direct human impacts. Despite their significance, oases remain undervalued, emphasizing an urgent need for developing adaptative strategies to sustainably manage these pivotal ecosystems.
Imperial Gaze in the Historiography of Amarna Politics
Authors: Pfoh Emanuel
Published: February 2025

The discovery of the Amarna letters in 1887 and their subsequent translation made it possible for ancient Near Eastern specialists of the time to shed new light on the sociopolitical conditions of Syria-Palestine during the Late Bronze Age. In reviewing the scholarly literature of the period and following decades, we may see that the situations of internal conflict described in the letters allowed researchers to draw a general picture of ancient indigenous political communities that was undoubtedly aligned with the imperial perceptions of non-European peoples current during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This article explores the conceptions and descriptions that several scholars expressed about Amarnian Syro-Palestinian or Canaanite societies from the discovery of the letters up to the 1970s. The analysis also seeks to contextualize the covert imperial gaze expressed by these scholars as well as their more overt orientalism within the geopolitical situations in the Middle East at the time. Finally, the article assesses a turning point, instigated by Mario Liverani, in the interpretation of Amarna politics and its relationship with the fading imperialist gaze in the historiography of the region since the 1980s.
Review of Ashoka: Portrait of a Philosopher King
Authors: Salomon Richard
Published: February 2025

Ashoka: Portrait of a Philosopher King. By PatricK Olivelle. Indian Lives. Yale University Press, 2023. Pp. xxxix + 357. $35.
Review of The Frau Professor Hilprecht Collection of Babylonian Antiquities: Essays Dedicated to Manfred Krebernik during the Colloquium Held on March 17–18, 2022, at Friedrich Schiller University Jena
Authors: Foster Benjamin R.
Published: February 2025

The Frau Professor Hilprecht Collection of Babylonian Antiquities: Essays Dedicated to Manfred Krebernik during the Colloquium Held on March 17–18, 2022, at Friedrich Schiller University Jena. Edited by Jacob Jan de Ridder and Peter Stein. Texte und Materialien der Hilprecht Collection, vol. 14. Harrassowitz Verlag, 2023. Pp. xii + 247, illus. €98.
A Cohort Study on the Aspartate Aminotransferase and Alanine Aminotransferase Ratio (De Ritis Ratio) as a Reliable Marker of Outcome in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Nimkar Shubham Vikram , Kumar Sunil , Acharya Sourya , Varma Anuj , Gaidhane Shilpa Abhay , Yelne Pallavi , Patel Maharshi , Reddy Harshitha
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Functional prognosis after an Acute Ischaemic Stroke (AIS) has been linked to two blood enzymes: Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT). The metabolic effects of AST and ALT in decreasing blood glutamate levels may account for this association.

Aim: To establish a correlation between AIS, its severity and mortality with their De Ritis ratio (AST/ALT).

Materials and Methods: In this hospital-based prospective cohort study conducted at the Department of Medicine at Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Teaching Hospital, Wardha, Maharashtra, India, 100 AIS patients were enrolled from December 2020 to December 2022. The parameters used in this study included the Aspartate Aminotransferase/Alanine Transaminase Ratio (AAR), AST, ALT, age, Body Mass Index (BMI) and hypertension. The patients were categorised into four subgroups according to AAR quartiles. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was calculated at admission and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was assessed at a 3-month follow-up period. Univariate and multivariate non conditional logistic regression models were employed to assess the relationship between AAR quartiles and outcomes among AIS patients. An association of the De Ritis ratio with these scores was evaluated. Microsoft Office Excel was used for data entry and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28.0 was used for analysis.

Results: In the patients’ demographic information, including their past medical history and co-morbidities, 94.0% of the patients were aged ≥40 years, with a mean age of 58.16±13.44 years. The anthropometric measurements (BMI=23.89±2.42 kg/m2 ) and blood indices of all patients were compared and highlighted in the baseline characteristics. There was a significant association between disease severity, as per the NIHSS score and the De Ritis ratio (p=0.038). Disease severity increased significantly with the De Ritis ratio. Additionally, there was a significant association between the outcome 3 months after discharge (mRS score) and the ratio of AST to ALT (p=0.043). Notably, 42.9% of deaths occurred in patients with a De Ritis ratio >1.45. Patients with higher NIHSS and mRS scores were significantly associated with an elevated De Ritis ratio.

Conclusion: The De Ritis ratio (AST/ALT) relates to the severity of stroke (NIHSS score), poor outcomes (mRS score) and mortality. The value of the De Ritis ratio can be used as a reliable assessment tool for the prognosis of patients with AIS. The De Ritis ratio can serve as a non invasive and cost-effective tool for assessing AIS, differentiating stroke severity and predicting mortality.
Innovative Techniques in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Akansha  , Arora Namrata , Shastri Anshuman
Published: February 2025

With the growing number of studies, continuous advancements in learning practices have been introduced for children with autism. Whether it is therapeutics or technology-based, these advancements are embracing the autistic population and allowing autistic children to experience learning in ways that would not have been possible before, such as through virtual reality and interactive touch-screen devices. This is helping to bridge the gap between autistic and non-autistic learning experiences. To overcome limited social interaction, poor communication skills, negligible eye contact, isolation tendency, and developmental delays of autistic children. Numerous therapy-based techniques (speech, behavioural, art, etc.) and technology-based techniques (intervention programs and learning applications) were introduced. These techniques help autistic children practice social and communication skills in a safe, structured atmosphere. They also help to improve engagement time, language, and cognitive skills. With technology, autistic children can practice problem-solving and organisation in a more accessible and engaging way. This paper aims to study recent advancements and prior knowledge of autism to evaluate the findings of therapy and technology-based tools and techniques on the behaviour of children with autism disorder. It focuses on identifying the potential benefits of technology in providing a tailored, interactive learning experience to autistic children. It will be beneficial for the parents and caregivers of children with ASD to select the appropriate technique for these children as per their requirements.
Formulation and Evaluation of Hydroethanolic and Chloroform Extracts of Zanthoxyllum oxyphyllum for Analgesic and Wound Healing Activities
Authors: Rabha Kushal , Mohan Pritam , Debnath Sumitra , Baruah Chandana , Hazarika Archana , Baruah Himangshu , Kalita Fulmoni , Deka Nabajyoti
Published: February 2025

Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum under the family Rutaceae, commonly known as Mezenga in Assam grow in tropical and temperate regions. Hydroethanolic and chloroform extracts of leaves of the plant were screened for analgesic activity and wound healing property by hot plate test and excision, incision wound model. The acute toxicity study revealed that both the plant extracts were non-toxic and safe for oral dosing. Both the extracts were non-sensitizing to rabbit skin and caused very little or no irritation in intact and damaged skin rabbits treated with single and multiple doses. Irritation scores did not differ significantly between the control and treatment groups, according to the acute dermal toxicity study. It was observed that the hydroethanolic extract of the selected plant possess significant analgesic effect against thermal stimuli and inhibits pain induced by chemically stimuli. It was also showed that hydroethanolic extract was found to be most active and was responsible for the significant and dose-dependent wound healing property comparable with the standard extract.
Travel to Border Destinations: Exploring the Motivations and Revisit Intentions of Tourists in Border Regions
Authors: Ganai Sajad Ahmad , Dada Zubair Ahmad
Published: February 2025

Tourism in border regions, particularly those with geopolitical significance, has emerged as a niche but growing field within the tourism industry. This study explores the motivations, experiences, and behavioral outcomes of tourists visiting the politically sensitive border areas of Kashmir. Using a sample of 600 tourists and employing Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), the research examines the relationships between five core motivations—cultural heritage, adventure-seeking, political curiosity, personal growth, and support for local tourism—and their effects on tourist satisfaction and revisit intentions. The findings highlight that cultural heritage and political curiosity are the most significant drivers of tourist satisfaction, which in turn mediates the relationship between motivations and revisit intentions. Adventure-seeking and personal growth also positively influence satisfaction, though to a lesser extent. Tourist satisfaction is found to be pivotal in determining revisit intentions, suggesting that satisfaction serves as a key mechanism in transforming initial motivations into long-term loyalty. The study offers practical implications for destination management in border regions, emphasizing the need to enhance infrastructure, ensure safety, and promote culturally enriching experiences to foster sustainable tourism. It also underscores the unique role of border tourism in promoting cross-cultural understanding and supporting local economies in conflict-affected areas. This research contributes to the broader literature on conflict and border tourism, providing insights into how geopolitical landscapes shape tourist behavior.
Exponential-Gamma-Rayleigh Distribution: Theory and Properties
Authors: Adisa Agbona Anthony , Ayooluwa Odukoya Elijah , Asimi Amalare , Michael Ayeni Taiwo
Published: February 2025

The use of traditional probability models to forecast real-world events is causing growing dissatisfaction among scholars. One of the motives could be the tail characteristics and goodness of fit metrics has a constraining tendency. Subsequently, there has been a significant increase in the generalisation of well-known probability distributions in recent years. The challenge is finding families versatile enough to fit both skewed and symmetric data. It is essential to understand that most generalised distributions described in the literature were developed using the generalised transformed transformer (T-X) method. This method was proposed by Alzaatreh et al. (2013). Also, Adewusi et al. (2019) showed that this generalization approach is beneficial by transforming the Exponential-Gamma distribution developed by Ogunwale et al. (2019) to a family of distribution known as the Exponential-Gamma-X. Therefore, in this study, we focused on developing a new family of continuous distributions called the Exponential-Gamma-Rayleigh distribution by transforming the newly generated continuous T-X family of distribution called the Exponential-Gamma-X distribution using the traditionally existing Rayleigh distribution as a transformer “X”. Several expressions for the new distribution’s theory and properties were explored and obtained; the maximum likelihood estimation approach was used to estimate the distributions' parameters, and finally, simulations studies were conducted to assess the asymptotic behaviour of the estimates.
Comparative Analysis of Water-Level Forecasting Using SWMM and HEC-RAS Flood Simulation Models: A Case Study of Waryong, Jinju
Authors: Yoon Yeonghee , Lee Sejeong , Lee Taesam
Published: February 2025

Frequent flooding occurs in many rivers and urban areas, exacerbated by recent increase in localized heavy rainfall events induced by global climate change. Particularly, the area encompassing Songbaek to Waryong districts in Jinju is frequently affected by flooding due to typhoons and heavy rainfall-related outflow from the Namgang Dam, resulting in significant economic losses, though it is located in a flood plain. In this study, two flood analysis models, namely HEC-RAS and EPA-SWMM, were used to simulate the flood overflow in Waryong district. HEC-RAS is specialized in 2D analysis, and simulates topography-based inundation effects and spatial spread of water, thus making it advantageous for flood prediction in rivers or low-lying areas. In contrast, EPA-SWMM is specialized in 1D analysis, and focuses on sewer systems and conduit flows, thus rendering it suitable for urban drainage system analysis. These two models were used for simulations based on (i) a measured discharge of 792 ㎥/s from a recent flood event that caused overflow of the study area and (ii) a projected flood discharge of 3,540 ㎥/s for Waryong district. The simulations demonstrated that models a-1, a-2, b-1, and b-2 estimated flood depths of 15.25, 14.81, 19.20, and 17.11 m, respectively. A comparison of these results with the actual flood depth in Waryong District showed that HEC-RAS, which considers 2D flow and reflects detailed topographic data, yielded results closer to the actual flood depth. In contrast, EPA-SWMM, which focuses on 1D conduit flows, tended to underestimate the flood depth. In essence, this study suggested that considering the different analysis characteristics and limitations of the two models, their comparative analysis can provide a more accurate approach for flood prediction and overflow analysis. Future research should focus on combining 1D and 2D analyses or calibrating these models to enhance accuracy.
Effect of Bus Rapid Transit on Fire Vehicle Dispatch Speed: Focusing on Busanjin Fire Station in Busan Metropolitan City
Authors: Cho Jaeuk , Lee Dalbyul
Published: February 2025

In Busan Metropolitan City, Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) has been installed as a public transportation initiative aimed at improving the punctuality and speed of buses. While BRT installation improved the speed of buses, the speed of general vehicles decreased. This reduction in the general vehicle speed also affects the timely dispatch of firefighting vehicles. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of the BRT installation and the specific sections of the BRT installation in Busan on the dispatch speed of firefighting vehicles. The analysis used data from the dispatches of 119 safety centers belonging to Busanjin Fire Station to Busanjin-gu from 2013 to 2022. A multiple regression analysis was conducted by dividing the collected data into two categories: BRT installation dates and sections along Jungang-daero, Chungryeol-daero, Haeundae-ro, and Gudeok-ro, where BRT was installed. The results of the analysis revealed that the BRT installation and linkage system in Busan Metropolitan City positively influenced the dispatch speed of firefighting vehicles, improving it by approximately 18%, from 16.26 km/h to 3.03 km/h. This improvement is likely attributed to the dedicated bus-only lanes, which allow firefighting vehicles to operate in a flow separate from the stagnant general traffic, leading to faster response times.
Study on Ways to Improve Satisfaction with Fire Safety Education
Authors: Ko Wangyoul
Published: February 2025

The effectiveness of fire safety education was analyzed through a satisfaction survey of participants who received fire safety education. To improve satisfaction with fire safety education, it should be conducted by safety education experts. Additionally, education tailored to specific firefighting objects should be conducted by specialized experts. The importance of each area of safety education should be appropriately weighted, and safety education professionals should undergo dedicated training. Groups that have received more extensive fire safety education tend to express higher satisfaction and possess greater knowledgeable on how to respond effectively in emergencies. Therefore, institutional improvements are needed to ensure that they receive regular fire safety education.
Radiation oncology at crossroads: Rise of AI and managing the unexpected
Authors: Bakhtiari Mohammad
Published: February 2025

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into radiation oncology has revolutionized clinical workflows, enhancing efficiency, safety, and quality. However, this transformation comes with a price of increased complexity and the emergence of unpredictable events. This letter proposes a framework based on high reliability organization (HRO) principles for managing real‐time, unforeseen events. The framework emphasizes proactive risk assessment, adaptive teamwork at the situation assessment point, and reactive learning through incident analysis by placing human‐centered decision‐making at the core. Integrating cognitive diversity, psychological safety, and emotional intelligence fosters collective intelligence, enabling teams to navigate AI‐driven complexities while safeguarding patient safety.
1D Magnetic Topological Inorganic Electrides
Authors: Meng Weizhen , Tian Lu , Zhou Feng , Mo Zhaojun , Jiao Yalong , Wang Shiyao , Jiang Jiayu , Zhang Xiaoming , Cheng Zhenxiang , Liu Ying , Wang Wenhong , Zhang Gang , Wang Xiaotian
Published: February 2025

Inorganic electrides, which are characterized by the presence of interstitial anionic electrons (IAEs) within distinct geometric cavities, exhibit unique properties and have garnered significant attention in various fields. Nevertheless, inorganic electrides face significant challenges in terms of their stability and magnetic topological states. To address these issues, a combination of high‐throughput screening, first‐principles calculations, and experimental synthesis is used to identify a series of stable 1D magnetic topological inorganic electrides with diverse properties and applications. Specifically, 17 ferromagnetic (FM) and 19 antiferromagnetic (AFM) 1D inorganic electrides, with different topological bulk and surface states are reported. Moreover, these 1D inorganic electrides exhibit lower work functions (≈3 eV) on the (001) surface, significantly enhancing their applications in ammonia synthesis. Further experimental synthesis and characterization suggested that 1D inorganic electrides exhibit extremely high stability owing to the strong hybridization between IAEs and atoms and the small surface area of IAEs. These findings involve the screening, investigation, preparation, and application of stable 1D magnetic topological inorganic electrides, heralding a new era in the study of 1D inorganic electrides in topological quantum science, spintronics, energy, and the corresponding interdisciplinary areas.
Cu‐Co Dual Sites Tandem Synergistic Effect Boosting Neutral Low Concentration Nitrate Electroreduction to Ammonia
Authors: Yang Wenhao , Chang Ziwei , Yu Xu , Wu Ping , Shen Ruxiang , Wang Lianzhou , Cui Xiangzhi , Shi Jianlin
Published: February 2025

Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3−RR) has emerged as an alternative strategy for wastewater treatment and ammonia production in neutral low‐concentration nitrate. However, the electrocatalyst faces the challenge of limited NO3− distribution and deficient active hydrogen (Hads) on the catalyst surface resulting from the low concentration of NO3− and the difficulty of water splitting under neutral conditions. Here, a Cu‐Co dual sites tandem synergistic catalysis mechanism has been proposed by doping Cu into CoP to facilitate the adsorption and conversion of NO3− on Cu and to accelerate the water splitting on CoP leading to the significantly high NO3−RR performance. The designed Cu‐CoP catalyst exhibits an ammonia yield of 7.65 mg h−1 cm−2 and a Faraday efficiency of 85.1% at −1.0 V under neutral low‐concentration nitrate (10 m M), which is the highest ammonia yield in the reported data. In situ characterization and theoretical calculations confirm the tandem synergistic effect, in which the Cu site favors the adsorption and activation of NO3− to form NO2−, and concurrently modulates the electronic structure of the Co site with optimized Hads adsorption resulting in the significantly enhanced NO3−RR at neutral low concentration nitrate.
Cell Cycle Arrest, Apoptosis Assay, Cytotoxicity, Molecular Docking, DNA Binding/Cleavage, and Biological Evaluation of Pt(II), Ni(II), Pd(II), and Cu(II) Nano‐Sized Complexes of 2‐(6‐Fluorobenzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)phenol: Design, Synthesis, and Spectral Approach
Authors: Alaghaz Abdel‐Nasser M. A. , Hakami Othman , Alamri Abdullah Ali , Amri Nasser , Souadi G. , Aldulmani Sharah A.
Published: February 2025

A new novel bidentate benzothiazole ligand, 2‐(6‐fluorobenzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)phenol (HFBTP), is synthesized through condensing 2‐mercaptoaniline and 2‐hydroxybenzoic acid in 1:1 ratio. Nano‐sized bivalent metal complexes are created and subsequently characterized using various physical methods. Based on the elemental analysis results, the complexes are inferred to follow the overall formula [M (FBTBT)2] (as M = Cu(II) (S1), Ni(II) (S2), Pd(II) (S3), and Pt(II) (S4) and FBTP = Ligand). Quantum chemical calculations, along with electronic spectra, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and magnetic susceptibility findings, indicate that all complexes exhibit a square planar configuration. The SEM, EDX, and AFM analyses of the studied complex unveils distinct and strong diffraction peaks, indicating its crystalline nature and providing evidence of its nano‐sized particle sizes. The in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of the ligand and metal complexes was inspected against various bacterial and fungal pathogens. Viscosity measurements and UV–visible absorption were used to study the binding interactions of S1–S4 with calf thymus DNA. The DNA cleavage ability of S1–S4 with pUC19 DNA indicates that the complexes can cleave DNA without the use of any external agents. The complexes showed significantly high cytotoxicity against PC3 (prostate cancer cells). Moreover, M(II) complexes exhibited the capability for triggering DNA damage in HePG2 cells, resulting in dose‐dependent cell apoptosis. Subsequent investigations revealed that complex triggered cell cycle arrest during the S and G2 phases.