bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New EAN Guidelines: Diagnosing HyperCKaemia, Managing Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Addressing Neurogenic Dysfunction
Authors: Newoor Jivitesh
Published: August 2023

DURING the 9th Annual Congress of the European Academy of Neurology (EAN), 1st–4th July 2023, a highly important session entitled ‘Meet the New EAN Guidelines’ featured the most recent guidelines developed by EAN over the past year. These guidelines, currently in the pipeline, are carefully prepared by ad hoc Task Forces following a well-established procedure.
APAKAH HASIL BELAJAR EKONOMI DIPENGARUHI OLEH MOTIVASI BELAJAR DAN KEAKTIFAN BELAJAR?
Authors: Dwi Candra Fahrul Aditya Wahyu Hidayat  , Putri Ulfa Kamalia Putri Ulfa Kamalia
Published: August 2023

Education aims to educate students to become human beings who are knowledgeable, creative, independent, capable, noble and responsible, these goals can be achieved with learning motivation and active learning in learning so that the learning outcomes obtained are good, especially in economic subjects. The purpose of this study was to determine 1) the partial effect of learning motivation variables on economic learning outcomes, 2) the effect of learning activities on economic learning outcomes, 3) the simultaneous influence of learning motivation variables and learning activities on economic learning outcomes in class X IPS SMAN 1 Cerme. The sampling method used is purposive sampling resulting in a sample of 86 students. This study uses primary data obtained from questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that there is a partially significant positive effect between learning motivation on economic learning outcomes with a sig value of 0.021 <0.05 and t count 2.353 > t table 1.98896, and there is a significant positive effect of learning activity variables on economic learning outcomes with sig value 0.019 < 0.05 and t count 2.399 > t table 1.98896. Also simultaneously there is a significant positive effect between learning motivation and learning activities on economic learning outcomes with a sig value of 0.000 <0.05 and a calculated F value of 27.079 > F table 3.11 and with an Adjusted R-squared value of 0.380 the contribution of the independent variables is 38%.
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DESAIN MODUL LAPORAN KEUANGAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR KOGNISI SISWA KELAS X PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI SMK MUHAMMADIYAH KOTA CIREBON
Authors: Iis Hayati  , Rochanda Wiradinata  , Endang Herawan Endang Herawan
Published: August 2023

The research purpose is (1) to arrange or Design learning material of financial statement in a modul. (2) To know implementation process of financial statement module in learning process, and (3) To know improvement of student’s score on accounting subject, especially on financial statement. Subject of this report is accounting class X in SMK Muhammadiyah Cirebon school year 2018/2019 consist of 36 student.Technique of collecting data in this research in unstructured interview, observation, documentation, questionnaire , and test which is analysed by descriptive quantitative and qualitative method. The research result is (1) Designing financial statement module based on research design model 4D that modified into 3D. Define, students need learning materials that can improve their study result. Design, learning materials based on what student needed, it is a financial statement module. Develope, financial statement module that proper with notability average 3,94 through validation by the experts, revise as their criticism and a trial using on X accounting class. (2)Implementation of financial statement module STAD and allocation of 7 lesson hours for three times meeting. (3) Study result are improve significantly based on analysis and wilcoxon trial, average pretest 46,50 and posttest 80,54 with 34,04 improvement, and z= -5,232 sig. 0,000 < 0,05 that showed the improvement of study result between pretest into posttest.
Utilization of Date Pulp and Pit Powder to make Decaf Coffee to Improve Cognitive Health
Authors: Qasim Areeb , Nazir Anum , Itrat Nizwa , Khalid Iqra , Virk Tabish Ali , Khan Moazzam Rafiq , Rahim Muhammad Abdul , Mushtaq Zain , Khan Muhammad Arslan
Published: August 2023

The health-conscious consumers are interested in replacing health-deteriorating drinks with functional beverages in current epochs. There is no higher truth that coffee consumption reduces risk of type II diabetes, Alzheimer, and other brain anomalies but it is also the fact that CGA (chlorogenic acid) and caffeine in coffee may pose risk of cardiovascular diseases and unhealthy mood fluctuations. Various health concerns of coffee consumption urge the need to produce a caffeine-free healthy alternative to coffee, which should also acquire the taste attributes of coffee. The development of instant coffee powder using date seeds and pomace powder for improved cognitive function can break new grounds in the market. The goal of the current study was to investigate the compositional profile of coffee prepared from date pomace and date seed powder. Date seeds were roasted at 200 °C for 20 min and a blend was made in combination with date pomace, milk powder and coconut as flavor enhancer. Proximate analysis of coffee powder such as moisture, ash, crude fat, crude protein, crude fiber and NFE percentages was determined. The results showed that prepared coffee powders contained significant fiber, low fat, less protein and a nearly equal percentage of moisture and ash as compared to Coffea arabica powder (control), with nearly zero caffeine content. Preliminary tests such as color, acidity, calories, total polyphenols, DPPH test, and FRAP assay were carried out because the study attempted to replace Arabica coffee beans with date beans. Phytochemical screening of coffee powders revealed that total phenolic content was highest for CB4 (20.90 ± 0.46 mg/g) which contained maximum date seed powder (35 %). Similarly, DPPH and FRAP assay were also found maximum for CB4 which were 81.11 ± 0.32 % and 23.17 ± 0.44 % respectively. Acidity and caffeine of prepared coffee powders were lower than control. It is hypothesized that decaf coffee may substitute caffeinated coffee for neurological health.
Ascending Aortic Aneurysm Surgery with Bovine Aortic Arch
Authors: COŞKUN SUNGUR Elif , BENLİ Emre Demir , ENVER Levent , TALAY Süreyya , SARITAŞ Ahmet
Published: August 2023

The most common presentation in aortic arch anatomy and therefore normal evaluation is the form in which the left common carotid artery is isolated from the arcus aorta. A variant of the aortic arch, where the left common carotid artery arises from the brachiocephalic artery or from a common root with the brachiocephalic artery, is called the bovine aortic arch. Awareness of aortic arch variants in daily practice is very important for interventional clinicians. In our article, it is aimed to emphasize the literature review and surgical importance of this variant by means of different aneurysm operations performed in our clinic.
DEVELOPMENT OF COOPERATIVE-BASED STUDENT WORKSHEETS ON KALOR MATERIALS AND TRANSFER CLASS VII SMP/MTs
Authors: Sulastri Susi , Af'idah Noer
Published: August 2023

The background of this research is based on observations at MTs Qamarul Huda Bagu, it was found that science learning is still teacher-centered, while students prefer practical activities and discussions. The purpose of this study was to develop student team achievement division cooperative-based worksheets on heat and transfer materials for class VII in SMP/MTs and feasibility developing cooperative student achievement division on heat and transfer materials for class VII in SMP/MTs based on the validity of the developed worksheets.This study uses the ADDIE development model, with the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. However, in this study the implementation stage was not carried out because it was hindered by pandemic Covid-19. The product resulting from the research on the development of cooperative worksheets based on student achievement division on heat material and its transfer is very valid based on the validation results from two lecturers including a media expert lecturer and a material expert lecturer as well as a science teacher at SMP/MTs with an average score of 3, 27.
Causation, Not Correlation, in Interpretive Political Science
Authors: Kelleher William
Published: August 2023

Using David Easton’s theory of the political system as my interpretive framework, I will offer a non-mechanistic theory of how human political behavior can be “caused.” I will argue that, for Interpretive Political Science, reasons can be causes of political behavior. Indeed, respect for the subject matter – human political behavior – requires this causal theory. After all, people are not machines. “Reasons” will be understood as units of meaning in the minds of people. I will offer examples of such causal relations in the operations of two political systems, China and Peru.
Control of nanoparticle formation in reactive plasmas and its application to fabrication of green energy devices
Authors: Shiratani Masaharu , Uchida G. , Katamaki K. , Seo H. , Itagaki N. , Koga K.
Published: August 2023

We are developing “plasma nano-factories” which are bottom-up guided assembly processes and miniature versions of macroscopic conventional factories. Here, we report plasma-based control of the size, size distribution, and structure of nanoparticles, their agglomeration and transport as well as sticking. We apply nano-particle films to green energy devices such as low energy consumption LSI’s, solar cells, and Li ion batteries. Our results show that core-shell nanoparticles are effective for improving performances of these devices.
Progress in Quantitative Adhesion Testing of Films and Coatings by means of Centrifuge Technology – Present State of the Art
Authors: Beck Uwe , Hielscher Stefan , Weise Matthias , Mix Renate , Lerche Dietmar , Reitz Uwe
Published: August 2023

Standardised conventional adhesion tests are time-consuming single-sample tests. Moreover, except for the pull-off test, all these tests provide only qualitative or semi-quantitative (ranking, respectively measurement of an adhesion-correlated quantity) information on adhesion. Sometimes, adhesion is evaluated even under compressive stress conditions (e.g. cross-cut and scratch test), which itself is a contradiction to adhesive strength as defined in terms of tensile force per area. For optical coatings it has been shown that the pull-off test in a centrifuge is definitely a promising alternative with respect to the reliable, fast and quantitative determination of adhesive strength in N/mm2. The force-controlled centrifuge test is the only multiple-sample test which provides reliable quantitative information on the adhesive strength in agreement with DIN EN 15870 and DIN EN ISO 4624 on a statistical basis for up to eight samples simultaneously tested under identical testing conditions.
Optical Layer Systems for Product Authentication:Interference, Scattering, Light Diffusion and Ellipsometric Encoding as Public, Hidden and Forensic Security Features
Authors: Hönig D. , Schneider S. , Domnick R. , Belzner M. , Beck U. , Hertwig A. , Stephanowitz R. , Weise M.
Published: August 2023

Embedding of information on surfaces is state of the art for identification testing in which public, hidden and forensic features are used. In many instances, the legal authentication of a product, a material or a document is required. Among the surface-based encoded labels, bar codes and data matrices are most frequently applied. They are publicly visible. The material itself is irrelevant, only a sufficient optical contrast is required.However, a strong material dependence of the label can be achieved by means of Fabry-Perot layer stacks. Stack designs are described with regard to all three security levels: public features (e.g. color and tilt effect) perceptible by the human eye, hidden features (e.g. optical response in a given spectral range) detectable by commonly available instruments and forensic features (ellipsometric quantities ? and ? as a function of wavelength ? and angle of incidence AOI) only detectable by sophisticated instruments. Regarding material-correlated authentication, ellipsometric quantities ? and ? are used as encoded forensic features for the first time. Hence, Fabry-Perot layer stacks as information carriers in combination with imaging ellipsometry as optical read-out system provide all-in-one anti-counterfeiting capabilities.
Surface Interaction and Processing Using Polyatomic Cluster Ions
Authors: Takaoka Gikan , Ryuto H. , Takeuchi M.
Published: August 2023

We developed two types of polyatomic cluster ion sources, one of which was a liquid cluster ion source using organic materials with a high-vapor pressure. Vapors of liquid material such as ethanol and water were ejected through a nozzle into a vacuum region, and liquid clusters were produced by an adiabatic expansion phenomenon. Another type was a cluster ion source using ionic liquids with a relatively low-vapor pressure. Positive and negative cluster ions were produced by a high-electric field emission. In addition, the interaction of polyatomic cluster ions with solid surfaces such as Si(100), SiO2, glass, and PMMA surfaces was investigated, and chemical sputtering was predominant for the Si(100) surfaces irradiated by ethanol cluster ion beams. Also, the irradiation damage of the Si(100) surfaces by ethanol and water cluster ion beams was smaller than that by Ar monomer ion irradiation at the same acceleration voltage. With regard to surface modification, PMMA surfaces were chemically modified by water cluster irradiation. Also, glass surfaces changed to electrically conductive surfaces by ionic liquid cluster ion irradiation. Furthermore, to demonstrate engineering applications of high-rate sputtering and low-damage irradiation by ethanol cluster ion beams, micro-patterning was performed on the Si surfaces.
Scaling laws governing the NF3 cleaning plasma in a large area reactor
Authors: Leu G. F. , Goury C. , Modrzynski P. , Klindworth M. , Ellert C.
Published: August 2023

An important part of the thin film Silicon PECVD technology for photovoltaic industry is the Flourine based plasma cleaning of the reactor. Precursors like CxFy, SF6, NF3 or even F2 can be used. The present paper investigates scaling laws governing the processes in NF3 plasma in a large area reactor.
Cleaning of Organic Contamination from EUV Optics Surfaces Using Hydrogen-based Plasmas
Authors: Skoro N. , Gogolides E.
Published: August 2023

The efficiency of optics used in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) range suffers from reflectivity degradation due to oxidation and carbon contamination of mirror surfaces. Therefore, an efficient cleaning procedure should be ascertained in order to facilitate applications of EUV lithography tools. Carbon contamination removal from the mirror surface has been reported in Hydrogen plasmas, and laser-induced Hydrogen plasmas in EUV tools. Here, we performed measurements in a helicon-type RF plasma reactor with hydrogen pressures similar to the ones used in laser-induced plasmas in EUV tools. The method of optical actinometry was used to determine hydrogen atom concentration and the degree of dissociation. The results are compared to those obtained by pressure-rise measurements. Preliminary results of plasma etching of thin organic films (PMMA) were also obtained to assess the cleaning efficiency.
Plasma etching of aluminum nitride thin films prepared by magnetron sputtering method
Authors: Firek Piotr , Stonio Bartlomiej , Chodun Rafal , Szmidt Jan , Zdunek Krzysztof
Published: August 2023

Several properties of the AlN films as e.g., isomorphous crystallographic structure, high resistivity (~1013 O cm), high thermal stability (up to 2200 °C) and high thermal conductivity (~320 W/mK), make it excellent material for application in structure of HEMT, FET transistors, playing role of dielectric.However, reaching a level of considerable maturity by technology of any electronic material, requires not only adequate methods of its synthesis but also capabilities of material processing, among others availability of means of its selective etching.
Influence of the Ion Beam Current on Microstructures and Optical Properties of Al2O3 Thin Films by Oxygen Ion Beam Assisted Pulse Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Wang Zhimin , Wang Jinxiao , Wang Yi , Zhao Kai , Su Xiaomei , Wang Hu , Feng Yudong
Published: August 2023

Not available
Hierarchical simulation of microcrystalline PECVD silicon film growth and structure
Authors: Tsalikis Dimitrios , Baig Chunggi , Mavrantzas Vlasis , Amanatides Eleftherios , Mataras Dimitrios
Published: August 2023

We have designed and implemented a hierarchical simulation methodology capable of addressing the growth rate and microstructural features of thin silicon films deposited through PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition). Our main objective is to elucidate the microscopic mechanisms as well as the interplay between atomic level and macroscopic design parameters associated with the development of nano- or micro-scale crystalline regions in the grown film. The ultimate goal is to use multi-scale modeling as a design tool for tackling the issue of local crystallization and its dependence on operating variables. At the heart of our simulation approach is a very efficient, large-scale kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) algorithm which allows generating samples of representative Si films based on a validated chemistry model. In a second step, the generated film is subjected to an atomistic simulation study which restores the molecular details lost or ignored in the kMC model. The atomistic simulations are computationally very demanding; they are, however, an important ingredient of our work: we use it to back-map the coarse grained model employed in the kMC simulations to an all-atom model which is further relaxed through detailed NPT molecular dynamics (MD) or Monte Carlo simulations. This tunes local structure thus also important morphological details associated with the presence of crystalline and amorphous regions (and the intervening interfacial domains) in the grown film.The kMC algorithm is based on a carefully chosen set of reacting or active radicals (species) in the gas phase impinging the film and a detailed set of surface reactions. Inputs for species fluxes are taken from a well-tuned plasma fluid model that includes a detailed gas phase chemistry reaction scheme. The growth mechanism consists of various surface kinetic events including radical-surface and adsorbed radical-radical interactions, radical-surface diffusion, and surface dissociation reactions. The very fast surface diffusion is decoupled from the rest of the kMC events and is treated deterministically in our work. For a three-dimensional Si(001)-(2x1):H crystalline lattice, our kMC algorithm allows us to simulate film growth over several seconds, resulting in thickness on the order of tens of nanometers. In the following pages we provide more details about the implementation of our kMC algorithm along with validation results.
Sn Thin Film Deposition using a Hot Refractory Anode Vacuum Arc
Authors: Beilis I. I. , Koulik Y. , Boxman R. L.
Published: August 2023

A Hot Refractory Anode Vacuum Arc (HRAVA) starts as cathodic arc, heating the anode and depositing on it cathode material. When the anode is hot, all deposited cathode material is reevaporated from the anode forming cleaner radially expanding plasma. It was shown that the rate of deposition reached 2-3 µm/min with significantly reduced macroparticle contamination in Sn films produced by HRAVA with current I=60–175 A and duration up to 180 s.
In-situ FTIR-ATR spectroscopic investigations of atmospheric-pressure plasma modification of polyolefin thin films
Authors: Khosravi Zohreh , Hinze Alena , Klages Claus-Peter
Published: August 2023

Surface treatment of polyolefines by atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) in virtually oxygen-free nitrogen-containing gases was studied in situ byFourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflection mode (FTIR-ATR)in order to follow the plasma-chemical generation of chemical functional groups and their further temporal development in the presence of inert or reactive atmospheres.Polyolefin thin films of thicknesses between 50 and 200 nm were prepared directly on ZnS ATR crystals by spin-coating from hot solutions of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), or polypropylene (PP) in hydrocarbons solvents like xylene or decalin. After the exposure to the afterglows of DBDs in N2 or in mixtures of N2 with H2 or NH3, infrared spectra were taken in situ under inert conditions and after controlled exposure to various reagents, resp., such as water vapor or oxygen. In order to unravel the complex spectra which are generally due to several functional groups with overlapping vibrational bands, exchange reactions with vapor of heavy water (D2O) was applied in order to identify groups which are known to exhibit a rapid H/D exchange like >N=H (imine), -NH2(prim. amine), >NH (sec. amine), -CO-NRH(prim. or sec. amide), using characteristic ratios of wavenumber ratios for corresponding vibrational bands in the deuterated and the protonated moiety.In addition, reactions of the plasma-treated surface with vapors of4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzaldehyde (TFBA) or4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl isothiocyanate (TPI) were studied by FTIR-ATR in situ. Based on these experiments, tentative assignments of the observed vibration bands to imino, amino, and amido groups are made and interpreted in terms of feasible or probable chemical mechanisms.
Atmospheric Plasma surface treatment of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber
Authors: Carreira Cátia A. , Silva Ricardo , Pinto Vera V. , Ferreira Maria José , Sousa Fernando , Silva Fernando , Pereira Carlos M.
Published: August 2023

Thermoplastic rubbers are widely used in a large number of applications (e.g. footwear, adhesives manufacturing, molded or extruded goods). Due to the non-polar nature of these rubbers, poor adhesion is achieved with polar polyurethane (PU) adhesive thus, a surface treatment is required to chemically modify the rubber surface and produce suitable joints. Surface treatments have been demonstrated to be suitable for the improvement of adhesion and wettability properties of non-polar synthetic rubbers. Over the last two decades progresses in adhesion of rubber were achieved by changing of the ingredients in rubber composition or by modifying surfaces by the use of a chemical agent (halogenation, cyclization, etc.) or using high energy irradiation such as bombarding the surface by electron beam or gamma irradiation. Actually, wet-chemical treatments are not well acceptable because of environmental and safety considerations and question on uniformity and reproducibility. Plasma surface treatment process was been proposed as an environmentally friendly and have gained large acceptance because it can be easily integrated into existing production lines and because their effectiveness in the treatment of several materials with different shapes and sizes. The effectiveness of plasma treatment on enhancement of adhesion depends on the gas used to generate the plasma and also on the formulation of the rubber. Vulcanized rubbers like, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), are especially difficult to bond due to low molecular weight ingredients in their formulation that may migrate to the rubber surface limiting its interaction with the adhesive. This study attempts to find an alternative treatment to improve the adhesion of SBR surface and PU adhesive. Plasma treatments were performed in an air plasma system from Acxys and were selected three types of SBR rubbers with different percentages of styrene-butadiene which were provided by Procalçado. The effect of experimental variables such as distance, speed and scan number on the adhesion of PU adhesive was evaluated and compared with halogenated SBR rubbers.
Polymerization of Acrylic Acid by a 4kJ plasma focus device
Authors: Habibi Morteza , Amrollahi Reza , Alavi MHS
Published: August 2023

The most conventional way for polymerization of acrylic acid on different substrates is using RF devices and introducing of other devices is under way. In this work we have a new study on formation of polymer Acrylic Acid using APF plasma focus device. The formation of plasma polymer acrylic acid is discussed using results obtained from attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR). The results show that after 15 shots, nitrogen pulses performed polymerization on the specimens and the main peaks of ATR spectra assured poly acrylic acid formation on SBR substrate
Characterization of Nanostructured TiN and ZrN thin films elaborated by reactive magnetron sputtering
Authors: Saied Chahinez , Chala Abdelouahad
Published: August 2023

The present work deals with structural, mechanical and tribological charaterization of nanostructure of nitrides based films (ZrN, TiN) for cutting tool applications. Coatings are deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering from metallic targets (Ti, Zr and B) on static substrate holders with RF or DC bias. Thermo chemical treatments by plasma nitrided have been held on steel substrates for eventual duplex applications. The influence of plasma parameters (nitrogen partial pressure and substrate bias) on mechanical properties of ZrN an TiN is studied. In order to improve its mechanical properties, bore is then introduced to TiN and ZrN thin films. The fraction of bore into the coatings is then increased in order to achieve the formation of ZrBN and TiBN nanocomposite. Chemical, mechanical, tribological and structural properties are studied as a function of bore content using XPS, FTIR and nano indentation, Scratch tests, XRD, SEM and TEM techniques. C-BN and h-BN phases are detected from 1 at.% of bore by XPS measurements. An increase of the hardness is observed while adding bore to nitrides with two maximum at 5 and 10 at.% of bore. The resistance corrosion is also studied as function of deposition conditions.
Plasma Nitriding Performed under Atmospheric Pressure using Pulsed-Arc Plasma Jet
Authors: Ichiki R. , Nagamatsu H. , Yasumatsu Y. , Yoshida M. , Akamine S. , Kanazawa S.
Published: August 2023

Plasma nitriding is achieved by spraying the nitrogen pulsed-arc plasma jet under atmospheric-pressure N2/H2 mixture. The quality of nitriding is found to depend on the H2 flow rate, which has an optimal value. We propose a simple mechanism of this dependence. Moreover, the amount of H2 necessary for best nitriding can be decreased to 1/20 by changing the way of H2 addition.
Wear Properties of Plasma Nitrided Inconel 718 Superalloy
Authors: Kovaci Halim , Ghahramanzadeh ASL Hojjat , Albayrak Çigdem , Alsaran Akgün
Published: August 2023

Inconel 718 is a nickel-based superalloy that is extensively used in a broad range of applications such as turbine blades, power generation, petroleum and nuclear reactor technology due to its good mechanical properties at intermediate and high temperatures. Contrast to its wide range of usage, high plasticity and good corrosion resistance, poor wear resistance of Inconel 718 limits its usage in some applications. In order to improve the wear resistance of Inconel 718 several surface treatment methods are used. One of the most important methods, that is used to prevent the metal from wear is to modify the surface with a nitride layer by plasma nitriding. In this study Inconel 718 super-alloy was plasma nitrided in different parameters and the wear mechanism of plasma nitrided Inconel 718 was investigated using a pin-on-disk wear tribotester. Microstructure and phase components of Inconel 718 were investigated using SEM and XRD before and after plasma nitriding process.
Evaluation of the Mechanical Behaviour of a DLC Film on Plasma Nitrided AISI 420 with Different Surface Finishing
Authors: Brühl Sonia , Charadia Raúl , Dalibón Eugenia , Airoldi Vladimir Trava , Cabo Amado
Published: August 2023

Diamond-like-carbon films (DLC) are hard coatings with a very low friction coefficient, a high wear resistance and chemically inert. However, these coatings have adhesion problems on metallic substrates, because the high residual stresses in the DLC films cause failure of the interface between the film and the substrate. Different methods have been tested to improve the adhesion: deposition of interlayers, multilayer coatings between the substrate and the DLC film have been used as interface, chemical and physical modifications of the carbon coating or diffusion treatments of substrate surface.Plasma nitriding is a well-established method to harden stainless steels and can act as a pretreatment to increase adhesion and improve tribological behaviour of the DLC coating. Hopwever, the characteristics and phases of the nitrided layer can influence on the adhesion and the mechanical behaviour of the system. In this work, the mechanical behaviour of a DLC film deposited over non-nitrided and nitride martensitic stainless steel with two different surface finishing is studied.
ION Flux–Film Structure Realtionship During Reactive Magnetron Sputtering of Tungsten
Authors: Hemberg Axel , Konstantinidis Stephanos , Dauchot Jean-pierre , Snyder Ryne
Published: August 2023

Not available
The Corrosion Properties of Zirconium and Titatium Loadbearing Implant Materials with Protective Oxide Coatings
Authors: Zykova Anna , Safonov Vladimir , Smolik Jerzy , Rogowska Renata , Lukyanchenko Vladimir , Vyrva Oleg , Yakovin Stas
Published: August 2023

At present study the comparative analysis of parameters for oxide Al2O3 and ZrO2 films deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering (RMS) method on the load-bearing implant materials such as titanium-based (Ti4Al6V) and Zr has been made. The corrosion examinations of anodic polarization by potentiodynamic method, Tafel and Stern curves and also impedance method at SBF solution were presented.
Production and Characterization of Self-Healing Properties of B4C+SIC Added TBC
Authors: Üstel Fatih , Türk Ahmet , Erdogan Graip
Published: August 2023

Thermal barrier coatings have significant interest for protecting of the effect of high temperature the materials used under high temperature. To coat the materials used under high temperature such as gas turbine liners, is considerably important. Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is the most common material used for that purposes in commercial applications. Thermal barrier coatings damage due to the thermal expansion and internal stress, formed by the temperature variation. The micro and macro cracks, which are formed under service life of the coating, causes the coating failures such as spallation by developing crack network. In this research SiC and B4C powders added into commercial YSZ powder to improve thermal shock resistance. Two different powder ratio were prepared as %25(%12,5 SiC +B4C) %75 YSZ and %50(%25 SiC +B4C) %50 YSZ. After preparing powders coatings were manufactured using F4 plasma gun. Coated samples were subjected to thermal shock test in burner rig testing equipment and as well oxidation tests were carried out as well for 10h, 20h and 50h at 1000°C. TG and XRD analysis were used to investigate self-healing products. Scanning Electron Microscope and Optical Microscope were used to examine microstructural properties of SiC and B4C added YSZ.
Fatigue Behavior of Coated and Uncoated.Cemented Carbide Inserts Inverstigated by Impact test at the Cutting Edge Vicinity
Authors: Bouzakis K.-D. , Batsiolas M. , Skordaris G. , Michailidis N. , Stergioudi F.
Published: August 2023

Significant tool life improvements are attained by the application of harder and more wear-resistant materials and coating systems. In this context, the tools’ cutting edges affect directly the overall tool performance. In this paper, by impact tests at the cutting edge vicinity, a quick assessment of the cutting edge fatigue behavior of coated and uncoated cemented carbide inserts is enabled. Various substrate grades were examined and the effect of their surface treatment and coating on the fatigue endurance load was experimentally examined. The FEM simulation of the test procedure at various distances from the inserts’ cutting edge provides an insight in the developed stress fields and enables the fatigue endurance stress determination of the coating-insert system. The contribution of the substrate surface treatment and coating to the endurance of the cutting edge region was revealed. The developed method facilitates a rapid quality control of both coated and uncoated cutting inserts at loading conditions, close to those encountered during their standard operation.
Composition of plasmapolymeric coatings using O2/HMDSO gas mixtures and application on elastomers for tribological improvement
Authors: Paulkowski Dominik , Vissing Klaus , Wilken Ralph
Published: August 2023

Not available
Effect of Xe+ ion bombardment induced patterns in stainless steel on plasma nitriding processes
Authors: Azevedo dos Santos Cucatti Silvia , Ochoa E.A. , Morales M. , Droppa Jr R. , Garcia J. , Pinto H.C. , Zagonel L.F. , Wisnivesky D. , Alvarez F.
Published: August 2023

The texturing of surfaces is an important method applied in various technological areas of research. Much of the current interest on surface modifications stems from the possibility of obtaining special optical, magnetic, tribological, and mechanical properties in a variety of materials. The texturization of steel surface by ionic bombardment (atomic attrition) is an interesting route to modify plasma nitriding process. The observed changes in plasma nitriding are attributed to several causes such as increasing surface nitrogen retention, stress, and creation of lattice defects, altogether improving nitrogen diffusion.1 In this paper we report the effect of Xe+ ion bombardment on the surface of the steel (SS 316L and AISI 4140). The bombardment effect on plasma pulsed nitriding process is also reported.
Hubungan Usia Ibu Dan Karakteristik Kehamilan Dengan Kejadian Hiperemesis Gravidarum
Authors: - Reni , Oktaviani Tesa
Published: August 2023

Mual dan muntah merupakan penyakit umum yang biasa terjadi pada ibu hamil. Tingkat mual dan muntah yang terjadi bisa ringan sampai berat, ditandai dengan muntah yang meningkat dan menetap. Kondisi yang memburuk sering disebut dengan hyperemesis gravidarum, dan kondisi ini bisa menyebabkan komplikasi pada ibu dan janin secara signifikan jika tidak ditangani secara adekuat. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis karakteristik ibu hamil dan hubungannya dengan kejadian hyperemesis gravidarum. Penelitian diharapkan akan bermanfaat untuk intervensi dan pengembangan asuhan kebidanan pada kejadian hyperemesis gravidarum melalui informasi karakteristik ibu hamil. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif korelatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Populasi peneltitian yaitu ibu hamil yang terdaftar pada tahun 2019-2020 di klinik Bidan Wulan yang berlokasi di daerah Majalaya Kab. Bandung sebanyak 300 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling sebanyak 152 orang. Kuesioner menjadi alat pengumpulan data yang berisi identitas ibu hamil meliputi nama, usia ibu, usia kehamilan dan jumlah kehamilan atau paritas. Data diolah menggunakan SPSS dan dianalisis univariat untuk setiap karakteristik dan analisis bivariat untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik dengan kejadian hyperemesis gravidarum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan untuk karakteristik usia kehamilan (p-value=0, 001), sedangkan karakteristik usia ibu dan paritas tidak mempunyai hubungan dengan kejadian hyperemesis gravidarum (p-value= > 0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan penambahan karakteristik lebih luas baik yang berpengaruh dari faktor internal, faktor kebidanan dan faktor medis
Closing the loop on morphogenesis: a mathematical model of morphogenesis by closed-loop reaction-diffusion
Authors: Grodstein Joel , McMillen Patrick , Levin Michael
Published: August 2023

Morphogenesis, the establishment and repair of emergent complex anatomy by groups of cells, is a fascinating and biomedically-relevant problem. One of its most fascinating aspects is that a developing embryo can reliably recover from disturbances, such as splitting into twins. While this reliability implies some type of goal-seeking error minimization over a morphogenic field, there are many gaps with respect to detailed, constructive models of such a process. A common way to achieve reliability is negative feedback, which requires characterizing the existing body shape to create an error signal–but measuring properties of a shape may not be simple. We show how cells communicating in a wave-like pattern could analyze properties of the current body shape. We then describe a closed-loop negative-feedback system for creating reaction-diffusion (RD) patterns with high reliability. Specifically, we use a wave to count the number of peaks in a RD pattern, letting us use a negative-feedback controller to create a pattern withNrepetitions, whereNcan be altered over a wide range. Furthermore, the individual repetitions of the RD pattern can be easily stretched or shrunk under genetic control to create, e.g., some morphological features larger than others. This work contributes to the exciting effort of understanding design principles of morphological computation, which can be used to understand evolved developmental mechanisms, manipulate them in regenerative-medicine settings, or engineer novel synthetic morphology constructs with desired robust behavior.
Shining a light on AIS Blackouts with maritime OSINT
Authors: Sage Emerald Cara
Published: August 2023

Maritime open source intelligence (maritime OSINT) can be used to capture information, critical to business operations, including when electronic systems like Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) fail. AIS is used to identify vessels in maritime navigation, to plan shipping operations, and ensure safety. This data is collected and sold by global aggregators to maritime operators and industry stakeholders. However, AIS communications are vulnerable to malicious cyber activity, changing legal landscapes, adverse physical conditions, or intentional intervention. It is the latter we will focus on in this report. Often, we won't understand the motivation behind a decision to either switch off or manipulate AIS data. However, this decision can have real world impacts, including on relationships between nation states, and the physical safety of maritime personnel. We believe maritime OSINT may represent an effective method to assist in the management of AIS failures. Maritime OSINT not only captures important maritime information when AIS fails, but it provides valuable context, giving us the who, what, and why for vessel operations. In our cast study, we will use maritime OSINT to track sanctioned Russian oil exports, demonstrating how OSINT can be used in this example to inform sanctions compliance programs.
Smoking behavior and hypertension among health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study in Java and Bali-Indonesia
Authors: Misnaniarti  , Nugraheni Wahyu Pudji , Nantabah Zainul Khaqiqi , Restuningtyas Fraschiska Rizky , Hartono Risky Kusuma , Rachmawati Tety , Mubasyiroh Rofingatul , Kusnali Asep
Published: August 2023

Background

Health workers who should be role models for the community not to smoke and live a healthy life are still consuming cigarettes. Java and Bali (especially Java) are the biggest contributors to health worker deaths due to COVID-19 in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the association of smoking behavior and hypertension among health workers in Java and Bali. The researchers conducted this study in 2021 and designed it with a cross-sectional design. Data was collected online using the Lime Survey as a data collection tool. The data analysis used was logistic regression to determine the association of smoking and hypertension.

Result

A number of 7.6% of health workers were still smoking and 10.4% were suffering from hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study shows that the proportion of health workers with hypertension is two times that of smokers (18.0%) compared to non-smokers (9.8%). Logistic regression showed that smoking has a 20% higher risk of developing hypertension (OR = 1.97; 95%CI = 1.01–1.41; p = 0.034).

Conclusion

Among health workers on the islands of Java and Bali, there are still many who smoke, and this puts them at a higher risk of experiencing hypertension.
Causal effects of specific gut microbiota on bone mineral density: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chen Shuai , Zhou Guowei , Han Huawei , Jin Jie , Li Zhiwei
Published: August 2023

Background

Recent studies have reported that the gut microbiota is essential for preventing and delaying the progression of osteoporosis. Nonetheless, the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and the risk of osteoporosis has not been fully revealed.

Methods

A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis based on a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted to investigate the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and bone mineral density (BMD). Instrumental variables for 211 gut microbiota taxa were obtained from the available GWAS meta-analysis (n = 18,340) conducted by the MiBioGen consortium. The summary-level data for BMD were from the Genetic Factors for Osteoporosis (GEFOS) Consortium, which involved a total of 32,735 individuals of European ancestry. The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was performed as a primary analysis to estimate the causal effect, and the robustness of the results was tested via sensitivity analyses by using multiple methods. Finally, a reverse MR analysis was applied to evaluate reverse causality.

Results

According to the IVW method, we found that nine, six, and eight genetically predicted gut microbiota were associated with lumbar spine (LS) BMD, forearm (FA) BMD, and femoral neck (FN) BMD, respectively. Among them, the higher genetically predicted Genus Prevotella9 level was correlated with increased LS-BMD [β = 0.125, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.050–0.200, P = 0.001] and FA-BMD (β = 0.129, 95% CI: 0.007–0.251, P = 0.039). The higher level of genetically predicted Family Prevotellaceae was associated with increased FA-BMD (β = 0.154, 95% CI: 0.020–0.288, P = 0.025) and FN-BMD (β = 0.080, 95% CI: 0.015–0.145, P = 0.016). Consistent directional effects for all analyses were observed in both the MR-Egger and weighted median methods. Subsequently, sensitivity analyses revealed no heterogeneity, directional pleiotropy, or outliers for the causal effect of specific gut microbiota on BMD (P > 0.05). In reverse MR analysis, there was no evidence of reverse causality between LS-BMD, FA-BMD, and FN-BMD and gut microbiota (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Genetic evidence suggested a causal relationship between the gut microbiota and BMD and identified specific bacterial taxa that regulate bone mass variation. Further exploration of the potential microbiota-related mechanisms of bone metabolism might provide new approaches for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Identification of ferroptosis-related molecular clusters and genes for diabetic osteoporosis based on the machine learning
Authors: Wang Xingkai , Meng Lei , Zhang Juewei , Zhao Zitong , Zou Linxuan , Jia Zhuqiang , Han Xin , Zhao Lin , Song Mingzhi , Zong Junwei , Wang Shouyu , Qu Xueling , Lu Ming
Published: August 2023

Background

Diabetic osteoporosis exhibits heterogeneity at the molecular level. Ferroptosis, a controlled form of cell death brought on by a buildup of lipid peroxidation, contributes to the onset and development of several illnesses. The aim was to explore the molecular subtypes associated with ferroptosis in diabetic osteoporosis at the molecular level and to further elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms.

Methods

Integrating the CTD, GeneCards, FerrDb databases, and the microarray data of GSE35958, we identified ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) associated with diabetic osteoporosis. We applied unsupervised cluster analysis to divide the 42 osteoporosis samples from the GSE56814 microarray data into different subclusters based on FRGs. Subsequently, FRGs associated with two ferroptosis subclusters were obtained by combining database genes, module-related genes of WGCNA, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Eventually, the key genes from FRGs associated with diabetic osteoporosis were identified using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), Boruta, support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM ­ RFE), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) machine learning algorithms. Based on ROC curves of external datasets (GSE56815), the model’s efficiency was examined.

Results

We identified 15 differentially expressed FRGs associated with diabetic osteoporosis. In osteoporosis, two distinct molecular clusters related to ferroptosis were found. The expression results and GSVA analysis indicated that 15 FRGs exhibited significantly different biological functions and pathway activities in the two ferroptosis subclusters. Therefore, we further identified 17 FRGs associated with diabetic osteoporosis between the two subclusters. The results of the comprehensive analysis of 17 FRGs demonstrated that these genes were heterogeneous and had a specific interaction between the two subclusters. Ultimately, the prediction model had a strong foundation and excellent AUC values (0.84 for LASSO, 0.84 for SVM ­ RFE, 0.82 for Boruta, and 0.81 for XGBoost). IDH1 is a common gene to all four algorithms thus being identified as a key gene with a high AUC value (AUC = 0.698).

Conclusions

As a ferroptosis regulator, IDH1 is able to distinguish between distinct molecular subtypes of diabetic osteoporosis, which may offer fresh perspectives on the pathogenesis of the disease’s clinical symptoms and prognostic heterogeneity.
Case Report: Post-gastrectomy reactive hyperinsulinemic hypoglicaemia: glucose trends before and after canagliflozin treatment
Authors: Bellastella G. , Caruso P. , Carbone C. , di Nuzzo M. , Scappaticcio L. , Paglionico V. Amoresano , Maiorino M. I. , Esposito K.
Published: August 2023

The pathogenesis of post-gastrectomy reactive hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia is not yet fully clarified. Recent studies suggest an up-regulation of the intestinal glucose transporter SGLT-1 aimed to prevent carbohydrate malabsorption. The overexpression of SGLT-1 could therefore represents one of the mechanisms underlying the wide glycemic excursions found in patients after gastrectomy, but studies investigating the use of SGLT-1/SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with post-gastrectomy reactive hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia are very scant in the literature. We report the case of a 37-year-old non diabetic man who frequently presented symptoms of hypoglycaemia in the postprandial period. In 2012, he underwent Roux en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and after two years, he started to experience typical symptoms of reactive hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia. We suggested healthy modifications of dietary habits and periodic follow-up visits with a dietitian. After three months, the patient still presented symptoms of reactive hypoglycaemia; we provided him with Flash Glucose Monitoring (FGM) to assess trend of glucose levels in interstitial fluid during the day and we decided to introduce canagliflozin 300 mg/day before the main meal. Hypoglycaemic events previously referred by the patient and clearly recorded by FGM completely disappeared taking canagliflozin. We found a reduction of time spent in hypoglycaemia, an improvement of glycemic variability and an increase of time in target range. It was also noted a reduction of time spent in hyperglicemia with consequent improvement of average glucose values and of glucose main indicator. This is the first report with FGM supporting a role of canagliflozin in the management of post-gastrectomy reactive hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia. Our preliminary results are very limited but in line with those of the literature and showed for the first time a reduction of hypoglycaemic events and an improvement of glycemic variability through a flash glucose monitoring system. Further studies are mandatory to confirm this therapeutic opportunity.