bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Translation and Validation of Rating-of-Fatigue Scale to be Used in Nonsurgical Endodontic Re-treatment
Authors: Mustufa Chawre , Ghani Huwaina Abd , Nayak Moksha , Khamis Mohd Fadhli , Ariffin Zaihan , Rahman Normastura Abd
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

This study aimed to translate and validate the rating-of-fatigue (ROF) scale in the Kannada language.

Methods:

This current study involved two steps, where forward translation, backward translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and test of a pre-final version of the ROF scale were conducted in the first step. Content validity, face validity, and construct validity of the ROF scale were performed in five stages. This study enlisted the help of eight experts to create the ROF scale in the Kannada language. Moreover, 50 patients participated by responding to a variety of Likert scale and numeric scale questionnaires that surveyed the intention of measuring the ROF scale. The content validity and face validity were assessed by using the index prepared for the content validity and face validity, respectively, along with mean and standard deviation (SD). The correlation between the Kannada version of the ROF measure and a numerical rating scale-facial rating scale (NRS-FRS) was assessed by the Pearson’s correlation coefficient (PCC). Moreover, a comparison of the mean value of ROF and NRS-FRS was performed by the paired t-test.

Results:

The Kannada version of the ROF scale was prepared after getting consensus from all the experts. The fatigue questionnaire met a high level of expert content validity (0.93) and showed that most experts opined high relevance (1.00) for measuring dental fatigue. The fatigue questionnaire meets a high level of response in face validity (0.92) based on the face validity indices. PCC showed a high level of construct validity (r = 0.819) of the ROF scale. No significant difference (P = 0.858) was observed between ROF and NRS-FRS by the paired t-test.

Conclusion:

The Kannada version of the ROF scale is a valid tool to assess dental fatigue.
Leukemia’s Wake-Up Call – A Case Report of a Patient’s Journey
Authors: Sam Ryon , Pappachan Ann Maria , Podimon Jasmine , Mathew Sunil , Ahammed Anees , Mathew Ashna Sara
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

A 26-year-old male complained of fever, right neck swelling, anorexia, and weight loss for 4 months. The patient noticed a right swelling in the root of the neck that progressed from 1 × 1 cm to 5 × 6 cm. We reported a Kikuchi-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) case. Three 3 × 3 cm lymph nodes were found in the right cervical area at IIB and III levels, firm, mobile, and nontender. Petechiae and purpura on the left upper limb, wet purpura on the palate, a positive Hess test, and temperature spikes were present. The patient is responding well to ALL treatment.
A Comparative Study of Euthyroid and Primary Hypothyroid Patients in End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis (MHD) in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Salem, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Vijayasamundeeswari Chinnathambipalayam Kandasamy , Jayachandrababu Byna , Kundu Sandip Kumar , Parhi Kamala Kanta , Ronald P. Jones , Periasamy Panneerselvam
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim:

Hypothyroidism significantly alters renal function. Still, there are few scientific studies on thyroid disorders and how it influences renal function. Recent research suggested hypothyroidism may lower the glomerular filtration rate. This study aimed to assess changes in renal function biochemical parameters in MHD patients with primary hypothyroidism.

Methods:

132 patients with MHD participated in a prospective research who had untreated primary hypothyroidism and euthyroidism. Immunoassay was used to quantify thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), and free triiodothyronine (fT3). Renal parameters; urea and creatinine were measured in fully automated biochemical analyzer and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula.

Results:

In comparison with euthyroid MHD patients with primary hypothyroid MHD patients have higher significant values of TSH, creatinine, SBP, DBP as 3.57 ± 1.15 vs 10.49 ± 6.40, 8.23 ± 2.40 vs 9.31 ± 2.49, 155.87 ± 5.84 vs 162 ± 6.82, 91.73 ± 6.14 vs 98.64 ± 6.28. The fT4, fT3 and eGFR value reduced significantly in primary hypothyroid MHD patients as compared to euthyroid MHD patients as 1.10 ± 0.24 to 0.44 ± 0.21, 2.65 ± 0.89 to 1.13 ± 0.24 and 6.82 ± 2.5 to 5.40 ± 1.66, respectively.

Discussion:

Our study demonstrated that in primary hypothyroid patients due to increase of SBP and DBP glomerular feedback is increased as a result creatinine excretion decreased. So GFR decreased leads to decreased iodine clearance and can cause decreased synthesis of thyroid hormones leading to primary hypothyroidism in MHD patients.

Conclusions:

Thyroid dysfunction is linked to impaired kidney function, making it crucial for clinicians to understand this connection in patients with multiple myeloma (MHD), and monitoring creatinine is essential.
Nano Phosphorylated Pullulan-Integrated Carboxymethyl Chitosan Scaffold for Regeneration of the Pulp-Dentin Complex: An In vitro Study
Authors: Sornamalar M , Dhanavel C , Balavaishnavi G , Shajahan Shahana , Baskar Kavya , Raja S Vijaya
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

To optimize a novel composite scaffold comprising of nano phosphorylated pullulan incorporated carboxymethyl chitosan (nPP-CMC) and to evaluate its cell viability and proliferation in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).

Methodology:

Nano phosphorylated pullulan (nPP) in concentrations of 200 mg, 400 mg, 600 mg, 800 mg, and 1 g was vortexed in 20 mL of distilled water, followed by 30 mins of ultrasonication for even dispersion. 1 g of CMC was added to each nPP mixture, blended for 1 hour to form a hydrogel, and freeze-dried for 18 hours at -20°C to yield nPP-CMC scaffolds in ratios of 1:5, 2:5, 3:5, 4:5, and 1:1. These scaffolds were stored at room temperature. The scaffolds were characterized using SEM-EDX, FT-IR, and XRD. The optimized nPP-CMC (group 1), CMC (group 2), and osteogenic medium (group 3) were tested for cell viability with hDPSCs using the MTT assay at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days.

Results:

Based on the results of MTT assay, the cell viability and proliferation of nPP-CMC scaffold was comparable to that of CMC in the tested time intervals of 7 and 14 days. The 4:5 nPP-CMC revealed a favourable pore size (60–180 μm) that was suitable for cell seeding and was chosen for further experiments. Cell viability/proliferation rates of hDPSCs loaded 4:5 HAnp- CMC at 21st day was significantly greater than that at 7th day (P < .05).

Conclusion:

Hence, within the limitations of this in vitro study, it could be concluded that the novel experimental scaffold comprising of nPP-CMC (4:5) is an effective biomaterial that possess good bioactivity and biocompatibility properties. Thus, nPP-CMC biomaterial will have a great futuristic potential for regeneration of pulp dentin complex.
Investigation of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Tamarix nilotica (Ehrenb.) Bunge Leaf Extract Against Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTIs) in Al Kharj Governorate
Authors: Poyil Muhammad Musthafa , Alsharif Mohammed H Karrar , Arafah Abdullah Mohammed Radwan
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

One of most important nosocomial infections, Catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are caused by many biofilms forming organism which makes treatment challenges as well as resistant strain development. To prevent the CAUTI, the new antimicrobials are needed immediately.

Methodology:

The overnight grown cultures such as S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans were grown in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth, Mueller Hinton Broth (MHB), and Sabouraud Dextrose Broth (SDB). Ampicillin, rifampicin, and nystatin were used in all the experiments as positive controls and also, methanol was used as vehicle control.

Results:

The T. nilotica leaf extract showed antimicrobial activity at 2 mg/ml against S. aureus and 1 mg/ml against P. aeruginosa and C. albicans. Further, crystal violet staining revealed, T. nilotica antibiofilm activity through biofilm inhibition and also, it was efficiently eliminated 77%, 73%, and 78% of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans mature biofilms individually. Later, catheter coating with leaf extract explored strong antimicrobial activity against tested pathogens in in vitro bladder model. In addition, T. nilotica leaf extract expressed strong antioxidant property.

Conclusion:

T. nilotica can be considered as alternative antimicrobial agent for CAUTI treatment.
The Future of Biometrics: Exploring Tongue Print Technology and Applications
Authors: Krupa R Jayasri , Dhivyadharshini S , Babu N Aravindha , Don K R , Malathi L , Masthan K M K
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Tongue print identification has emerged as a promising biometric modality due to the distinctiveness and stability of tongue features. This article provides an in-depth exploration of tongue prints as a viable means of personal identification, emphasizing its anatomical uniqueness and biometric advantages. By examining the anatomy of the tongue, the methodologies for tongue print acquisition, and the technological advancements in tongue print recognition systems, this article highlights the potential applications and contemporary challenges of tongue print biometrics in healthcare, security, and forensic science. It further discusses the accuracy, advantages, limitations, and future directions for the adoption of tongue print technology. This comprehensive analysis aims to contribute to the growing body of knowledge on tongue prints as a significant biometric tool.
The Unforeseen Revelation of Dentigerous Cyst
Authors: Rajesh E , Dhivyadharshini S , Babu N Aravindha , Ramya C
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Dentigerous cysts frequently develop as odontogenic cysts in the oral cavity that can occasionally progress to neoplasms. Tumor from dentigerous cysts is uncommon, with only 42 occurrences documented in the literature. This case report describes a 73-year-old male who developed primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma after a dentigerous cyst. The dental practitioner should have knowledge of the potential for malignant transformation in asymptomatic dentigerous cysts and ensure thorough follow-up. Even if the lesion appears benign, it is recommended to perform a complete histological investigation. Histopathological investigations have revealed malignancies in the follicle that surrounds the dental crown. While malignant lesion formation is uncommon, it should be considered a differential diagnosis in appropriate circumstances.
Anti-Caries Activity of New Generation Rechargeable Dental Composites – An In Vitro Study
Authors: Savita Anjali , Verma Yashvi , Dubey Vertika , Dubey Priyanka , Najam Ayesha , Luhana Rinkal
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Secondary caries at the restorative margins is the common reason for dental composite restoration failure. Our objectives were to evaluate the anti-caries activity of new generation rechargeable composites and to evaluate three different concentrations of quaternary ammonium methacrylate compound on S. mutans biofilm.

Material and Methods:

The composite resin consisted of urethane dimethacrylate and triethylene glycol divinylbenzyl ether and was prepared with 2%, 5%, and 8% of dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and 20% of nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate for remineralization.

Result:

It was found that the incorporation of 8% DMAHDM significantly reduced S. mutans biofilm colony-forming units by 2–5 log by 7 folds, compared to the composite with 2% DMAHDM (P < 0.05) and nonsignificantly to 5% group. Adding 5% DMAHDM provides sustained Ca and P ion release as compared to 2% and 8% groups.

Concusion:

Hence, it was concluded that the composite with DMAHDM content increased the antibacterial effect in a dose-dependent manner and provided sustained Ca and P ion release till 70 days.
Diagnosis and Management of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Injury Caused by Calcium Hydroxide Extrusion during Root Canal Treatment: Case Report
Authors: Almaslamani Manal , Alhassawi Suliman , Prasad Prathibha , Alshayeb Maher
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

This report highlights a rare occurrence of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury resulting from calcium hydroxide extrusion during endodontic treatment. The patient experienced severe pain and paresthesia in the lower right lip following root canal treatment due to the inadvertent overflow of calcium hydroxide into the IAN canal. No surgical intervention was performed, and the patient received non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics and vitamin B complex injections to manage the symptoms. At 6 months, complete resorption of the root canal material occurred, resulting in further reduction in paresthesia. After a 2-year follow-up, the complete disappearance of paresthesia occurred. The importance of the preoperative radiographs is highlighted. The lack of radiographic assessment at the patient’s request led to calcium hydroxide overflow.
A Review on the Expanding Role of Dentists in Facial Esthetics
Authors: Prasad Prathibha , Khair Al-Moutassem Billah , Najib Safa Mohammad , Talab Shahrzad Iman
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Dentists’ role in facial esthetics is growing, with advancements in cosmetic procedures, such as Botox and dermal fillers. Understanding the range of practitioners and their professional backgrounds is crucial for addressing risks. Data collection and analysis was done to retrieve scholarly papers using databases, such as PubMed and advanced Google search, and analyze. Currently, the role of dentists in facial beauty is gaining huge interest. This is a new and controversial issue in this era of society. Botox and dermal fillers help general dentists create a harmonious smile by controlling soft tissues. Further training may be required to perform esthetic procedures, such as Botox or dermal fillers, in areas other than the perioral region. Complications might occur due to inadequate education. Dentists must be competent to administer these agents, such as traditional providers. The review paper concludes that dentistry students are becoming more interested in cosmetic treatments. Cosmetic practice in dental education may be strengthened by combining topics, such as dermal fillers in materials science, botulinum toxin (BTX) in pharmacology, and anatomy of the aging face in dentistry with emphasis on medicolegal laws, policies, and ethics involved.
Artificial Intelligence in Histopathology
Authors: Prasad Prathibha , Khair Al Moutassem Billah , Saeed Musab , Shetty Naresh
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Artificial intelligence will be revolutionizing the healthcare in near future and is already being integrated in several areas. The utilization of artificial intelligence algorithms to extract quantitative information from full-slide histopathology images has been demonstrated in digital pathology. Artificial intelligence (AI) is anticipated to reduce the workload of pathologists, enhance the impartiality and uniformity of pathology reports, and impact treatment choices through the identification of concealed information within easily accessible data. This review sheds light on how deep learning and machine learning can enhance the imaging of the slides in digital pathology and help physicians make the diagnosis faster.
GC-MS Analysis of the Ayurvedic Oil Balaswagandhadi Tailam
Authors: Sudhan Aparna , Prabhu K , Jones Sumathi , Janaki CS , Sheriff Dhastagir , Rao Mudiganthi Ramakrishna , Muttevi Hayagreva Kumar , Balakrishnan Deepalakkshmi , Sivanesh M
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

To evaluate the efficacy of alternative medications such as Ayurveda, Sidha, and Unani, the application of advanced analytical tools is essential.

Aim:

In this study, the Ayurvedic oil Balaswagandhadi tailam, which is prescribed for treating fever, muscle weakness, bone and joint issues, muscle wasting, arthritic pain, neuralgia, and paralysis.

Methods:

The presence of active component was analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) following a prescribed protocol.

Results:

The GC-MS study disclosed the presence of several essential bioactive compounds, including trans-2-methyl-4-n-pentylthiane, S, S-dioxide, chloroacetic acid, tetradecyl ester, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester, methyl 12,15-octadecadienoate, 11-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, cis-10-heptadecenoic acid, tetradecanedioic acid, 15-hydroxypentadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, levo-menthoxyacetic acid, β-eudesmol trimethylsilyl ether, 1-heptatriacotanol, vitamin E, campesterol, and γ-sitosterol.

Conclusion:

The compounds identified are known for their various medicinal properties, potentially contributing to the therapeutic effects of Balaswagandhadi tailam. Further research is warranted to explore these findings.
Prevalence of Gastritis among Morbidly Obese Patients Subjected to Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy at a Tertiary Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshehri Adel , Alkashgry Sarah , Alzahrani Fadhel , Elbahrawy Aly
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background and Objective:

Morbidly obese persons often get gastritis after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). The study examined the prevalence of gastritis and associated risk factors after LSG at a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:

The present retrospective cross-sectional study comprised patients with obesity aged 18 and older who received LSG between 2019 and 2023. Pre- and post-operative gastritis symptoms, results, and risk factors were examined.

Results:

The study involved 343 patients. Gastritis was common after LSG, affecting 70.3% of patients. Gastritis was approximately twice as likely in women as in men. Hypothyroidism and cesarean section history increased gastritis risk by five-fold and three-fold, respectively. H. pylori infection increased the risk of gastritis seventeen-fold after surgery.

Conclusion:

Significant risk variables were female gender, hypothyroidism, cesarean section history, and H. pylori infection.
Management of Prosthodontic Challenges in Tooth Wear Cases: A Narrative Review
Authors: Aljulayfi Ibrahim S.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Tooth wear refers to the gradual loss of tooth structure over time, and it is a multifactorial condition where three main factors of tooth wear, attrition, abrasion, and erosion, contribute to its progression.The present review aims to discuss those challenges and to draw a summary of how they can be managed. Prosthodontic management of tooth wear cases presents several challenges that require careful assessment and comprehensive treatment planning. In managing tooth wear cases, the treatment will involve a combination of preventive, restorative, and prosthetic interventions. Prosthodontists play a key role in designing restorations that help prevent further tooth wear. This may involve strategies to reduce parafunctional habits and protect the restored teeth. Successful management of prosthodontic challenges in tooth wear cases requires a comprehensive understanding of the underlying causes, interdisciplinary collaboration, and a patient-centered approach.
Oral Health Behavior and Tobacco Usage of Coal Mine Workers in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Pillai Dinesh Dhamodharan Mathavan , Palaneeswaran Kamalashankar , Ravichandran Kathiresan , Jayaraj Merlin , Iyyaparaj P , Thirumurugan K , Nagappan Nagappan , Sekar Gowrishankar
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Health behavior is widely influenced by behavior, attitudes, and knowledge, which impacts oral health. Mostly, individuals with poor oral hygiene have been found to be consuming more sugar.

Aim:

The present study aims to assess the behavioral practices and tobacco usage of coal mine workers in Tamil Nadu towards oral health.

Materials and Methods:

A simple random sampling technique was employed to recruit 309 Mine I workers and 294 Mine II workers. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data pertaining to oral health-related behavior and oral hygiene practices.

Results:

Cigarette and bidi smoking were found in most of the workers. In both Mine I and Mine II, the majority of the subjects used tooth brushes and toothpaste for cleaning their teeth (78.6% and 76.5%, respectively). In Mine I, 58 (18.8%) subjects used finger and tooth powder for cleaning their teeth, while 6 (2%) used finger and toothpaste, and two tooth brush and powder. In Mine II, it was 52 (17.7%), 7 (2.4%), and 10 (3.4%), respectively.

Conclusion:

89.7% of Mine I workers had cleaned their teeth once daily. In Mine I, the subjects who used finger and tooth powder for cleaning their teeth were 18.8%, those using finger and toothpaste were 2%, and tooth brushes and powder were 0.6%.
Impact of Educational Interventions on Obesity Awareness and Weight Management Among Urban Women in Salem Municipal Corporation, Tamil Nadu: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Balu Sumathy , Periasamy Panneerselvam
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

A study assessed women’s knowledge of obesity and weight loss management in Southern India.

Materials and methods:

The study used a quasi-experimental design, with two urban areas selected for control and study groups. Biographic data were collected through SIS, and pre and post-tests were conducted using a SSAKQ and an Interventional Module.

Results:

Results showed high obesity prevalence among women, with BMI (68%, 74%) and high-risk category waist circumference (91%, 93%). The study found a significant difference in knowledge levels between the control and study groups, with the interventional module being effective in increasing knowledge levels.
Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Metal Bracket Bonded with the Conventional Adhesive System and Moisture Insensitive Primer System on a Tooth Surface Which has Undergone Bleaching with 35% Hydrogen Peroxide – An In Vitro Study
Authors: Roy Praveen , Manjusha KK , Nishad A , Aravindan Ashitha , Krishnajith JK , Jameema KA
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

Today, orthodontic bracket bonding on the tooth surface is a vital phase in any orthodontic therapy as strong tooth-bracket bonding is essential for success and efficiency. Tooth whitening is popular due to tooth discolouration and patient need for esthetic changes. This in vitro study compared the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of brackets bonded with a conventional and moisture-insensitive primer system on tooth surfaces bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide in dry and moisture conditions.

Methods:

Fifty-six healthy humans with extracted maxillary first premolars were cleaned using a periodontal curette, rinsed, treated with 35% hydrogen peroxide, and kept in a 0.1% thymol aqueous solution at room temperature. These teeth were embedded in orthodontic acrylic resin in four groups: the conventional primer system in dry conditions, the conventional primer system in moist conditions using artificial saliva, the moisture insensitive primer system in dry conditions, and the moisture insensitive primer system in moist conditions. After bonding metal brackets to tooth surfaces bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide, universal testing machine and a stereomicroscope were used to calculate SBS and ARI.

Results and Discussion:

SBS and ARI values were the lowest in the conventional primer system in moist conditions, with statistically significant differences between groups. The study’s findings match earlier research. In vivo research should evaluate SBS and ARI to support in vitro findings.

Conclusion:

In the current study, moisture was found to be a factor affecting SBS and ARI. The moisture-insensitive bonding system was found to be resistant to effects of moisture compared with the conventional system.
Antioxidant Studies of One Ayurvedic Medicine, Srikhandasavam
Authors: Sanapati Kondamma , Kalaivannan J. , Jones Sumathi , Janaki C. S. , Sheriff Dhastagir , Prabhu K. , Balakrishnan Deepalakkshmi , Selvam Angelin D.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Shrikhandasavam is a wellknown Ayurvedic medication intended to cure the negative effects of alcohol and other intoxicating drugs, such as hangovers, as well as related issues like as headaches, alcohol intoxication, indigestion, and so on. It also regulates insanity and other disorders caused by induced pita.

Aim:

The current work uses established techniques to test the antioxidant activity for one Ayurvedic drug, Srikhandasavam, which is used to treat alcoholism and preserve the liver.

Methods:

The antioxidant assay was performed through ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis (3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulphonic acid), DPPH (2, 2diphenyl1 picryl hydrazyl, and FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant potential).

Results:

It was discovered that Srikhandasavam produced outstanding results at extremely low doses in the FRAP experiment when compared to the ABTS and DPPH assays, which revealed modest antioxidant activity of the drug.

Conclusion:

These findings clearly show the antioxidant properties of Srikhandasavam, demonstrating its therapeutic benefits.
Enhancing stone expulsion: The efficacy of combined medical therapy with tamsulosin and dexamethasone in renal colic patients
Authors: Kazemi Reza , Shahrashoub Mohammad , Javid Amir , Saberi Narjes , Ghasemi Pouria , Paymannejad Saina
Published: January 2025

Background:

Ureteral stones are a common aspect of daily urologic practice, affecting 10%–15% of people worldwide over their lifetime. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of combined medical expulsive therapy (MET) with intravenous dexamethasone and oral tamsulosin compared to tamsulosin alone in the frequency and duration of distal ureteral stone expulsion.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial with 1:1 balanced randomization was conducted from September 2022 to March 2023 at Al-Zahra Hospital, a tertiary care facility affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Of 213 patients admitted to our center with acute renal colic, 134 had distal ureteral stones and were assessed. Among them, 105 patients were eligible and included in the trial and were randomly assigned into the intervention group (n = 52) and control group (n = 53). Data from four patients in the case group were omitted from the analysis due to the drop-out from the study.

Results:

Mean initial stone size was 6.5 ± 1.2 mm in the intervention, and 6.3 ± 1.0 mm in the control groups, which was not statistically significant (P = 0.488). Gender was comparable between both groups (P = 0.196), whereas the distribution of BMI (27.2 ± 4.0 vs. 29.8 ± 3.9 kg/m2, P = 0.001) and age (41.5 ± 12.9 vs. 47.9 ± 16.2 years, P = 0.031) was not in balance. In total, 43 patients had expelled the stone by the end of the 2 weeks, resulting in an overall expulsion rate of 42.5%. Specifically, 28 (58.3%) patients in the intervention group and 15 (28.3%) patients in the control group had expelled the stone, a difference that was statistically significant (P = 0.002). The time to stone expulsion did not exhibit a significant difference between the intervention and control groups (9.8 vs. 5.4 days, respectively). However, it is noteworthy that the variability in the time to stone expulsion in the tamsulosin + dexamethasone group was considerably smaller than that in the control group, as indicated by the smaller standard deviation in the former (1.0 vs. 3.8 days, respectively).

Conclusion:

Adding dexamethasone to standard MET with tamsulosin for distal ureterolithiasis appears to increase the stone expulsion rate, although it did not significantly shorten the expulsion time.
Comparison of the impact of intermittent fasting diet alone or in conjunction with probiotic supplementation versus calorie-restricted diet on inflammatory, oxidative stress, and antioxidant capacity biomarkers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Talebi Sepide , Shab-Bidar Sakineh , Askari Gholamreza , Mohammadi Hamed , Moini Ashraf , Djafarian Kurosh
Published: January 2025

Background:

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of early time-restricted eating (eTRE) and eTRE plus probiotic supplementation to daily caloric restriction (DCR) alone in terms of biomarkers of oxidative stress (OS), antioxidant capacity, inflammation, and blood pressure (BP) in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Materials and Methods:

The research was conducted as a randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled clinical trial with an 8-week follow-up period. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: 14:10 eTRE with probiotic supplementation (n = 30), 14:10 eTRE with placebo supplementation (n = 30), or DCR with placebo supplementation (n = 30). At the beginning and 8 weeks of the intervention, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic BP, inflammation, and OS parameters were evaluated.

Results:

A total of 90 participants (mean age, 30.49 years and mean weight, 81.45 kg) were enrolled in this trial. After 8-week intervention, we observed SBP significantly decreased in both the eTRE + probiotic group (−0.31 mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI): −0.55, −0.07]) and the eTRE + placebo group (−0.24 mmHg [95% CI: −0.43, 0.04]), with no significant differences observed between groups. Moreover, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly reduced in all groups (P < 0.005). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) also showed notable improvement in both the eTRE + probiotic group (P = 0.012) and the DCR group (P = 0.032). However, there were no significant differences between the three groups regarding BP, OS, TAC, and CRP markers.

Conclusion:

It was not found that eTRE alone or eTRE with probiotics intervention resulted in improving BP, inflammatory, OS, and antioxidant capacity biomarkers than a standard DCR diet among obese women with PCOS. The present study did not reveal significant improvements in BP, inflammatory markers, OS, or antioxidant capacity with either eTRE alone or eTRE combined with probiotics compared to a standard DCR among obese women diagnosed with PCOS.

Trial Register no: IRCT20121110011421N5.
Association of cardiac troponin I level with in-hospital and late mortality in dialysis patients
Authors: Taheri Shahram , Ghomi Golbarg , Nematollahi Alireza , Hosseini Sayed Mohsen
Published: January 2025

Background:

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are highly prevalent among the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Prognostic value of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in patients with asymptomatic ESRD is less conclusive. This study was an observational study to evaluate correlation of first admitted cTnI level with early and late (during 6 months) hospitalization and mortality of ESRD patient admitted due to non-acute coronary and non-heart failure causes in ESRD patients.

Materials and Methods:

In this prospective observational study, 460 dialysis patients without overt CVD who were admitted at two university hospital were included and followed during 6 months. Patients’ demographic information and laboratory investigations including cTnI level and cause of admission were recorded. The association between cTnI level with in-hospital and late mortality was evaluated.

Results:

cTnI level was higher in female (35.9%), hemodialysis patients (28.1%), and patients with permanent catheter vascular access (29.4%). There were significant differences in level of triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol between patients with normal and abnormal cTnI levels (P < 0.05). Patients with abnormal cTnI levels had higher level of TG and LDL cholesterol and lower level of HDL cholesterol. cTnI levels were associated with higher in-hospital and 6-month follow-up mortality rate. In logistic regression analysis, only female gender (odds ratio [OR] =1.89, confidence interval [CI] =1.22–3.076) and TG (OR = 1.007, CI = 1.003–1.01) were positively and HDL cholesterol level (OR = 0.994, CI = 0.98–0.99) was negatively associated with increased cTnI level. cTnI level was associated with early (OR = 4.81, CI = 1.64–14.89) and late (OR = 4.31, CI = 1.61–10.96) mortality.

Conclusion:

Although in this study, cTnI level is not directly associated with cardiovascular disorders and admission and readmission causes, it is a strong predictor of early and late mortality.
On vanishing criteria of $L^{2}$-Betti numbers of groups
Authors: Sánchez-Peralta Pablo
Published: January 2025

Let

G

be a countable group and

k

a positive integer, we show that the

L^{2}

-Betti numbers of the group

G

vanish up to degree

k

provided that there is some infinite index subgroup

H

with finite

k

th

L^{2}

-Betti number containing a normal subgroup of

G

whose

L^{2}

-Betti numbers are all zero below degree

k

. This generalizes previous criteria of both Sauer and Thom, and Peterson and Thom. In addition, we exhibit a purely algebraic proof of a well-known theorem of Gaboriau concerning the first

L^{2}

-Betti number which was requested by Bourdon, Martin and Valette. Finally, we provide evidence of a positive answer for a question posted by Hillman that wonders whether the above statement holds for

k=1

and

H

containing a subnormal subgroup instead.
Равномерная рациональная аппроксимация нечетного и четного преобразований Коши
Authors: Mardvilko Tatiana Sergeevna
Published: January 2025

В работе изучаются наилучшие равномерные рациональные приближения нечетного и четного преобразований Коши.
Полученные результаты позволили найти слабую асимптотику наилучших равномерных рациональных приближений нечетного продолжения на $[-1,1]$ функции $x^{\alpha}$, $x\in[0,1]$, для всех $\alpha\in(0,+\infty)\setminus(2\mathbb N-1)$, дополнив тем самым результаты Н. С. Вячеславова. Сильная асимптотика наилучших рациональных приближений на $[0,1]$ этой функции и ее четного на $[-1,1]$ продолжения найдена Г. Шталем. Из полученных результатов следует, что наилучшие рациональные приближения четного и нечетного продолжений указанной функции при $\alpha\in(0,+\infty)\setminus\mathbb N$ имеют одинаковую слабую асимптотику.
Библиография: 29 названий.
Эллипсоиды Джона-Лeвнера и энтропия операторов-мультипликаторов на компактных однородных многообразиях ранга $1$
Authors: Kushpel' Alexander Konstantinovich
Published: January 2025

В работе представлен новый метод оценки энтропии, основанный на оценках объемов эллипсоидов Джона-Лeвнера, индуцированных собственными функциями оператора Лапласа-Бельтрами на компактных однородных многообразиях $\mathbb{M}^{d}$ ранга $1$. Этот подход дает точные порядки энтропии в ситуациях, где известные методы сталкиваются с трудностями фундаментального характера. В частности, мы вычисляем точные порядки энтропии классов Соболева $W_{p}^{\gamma}(\mathbb{M}^{d})$, $\gamma >0$, в $L_{q}(\mathbb{M}^{d})$, $1\leq q\leq p\leq \infty $.
Библиография: 35 наименований.
Carved in stone
Authors: Basílio Ana Catarina
Published: January 2025

The late 3rd millennium BC petrification phenomenon in southern Portugal challenges traditional interpretations, and invites us to explore the complex interplay between prehistoric memory and identity. Found at key mnemonic sites, like the ditched enclosures of Perdigões, Santa Vitória, and Bela Vista 5, these non-funerary stone agglomerations – comprising recutting infillings and a cairn – extended beyond mere functionality. They likely embodied powerful symbols, either by preserving cultural traditions amidst societal transformations or by deliberately and socially erasing past identities. Ultimately, this study examines these agglomerations as ideological tools that reshaped collective memory during the transition between the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age, shedding light on the more intangible behaviours of past communities.
Normative and Institutional Limitations of IGAD’s Peace and Security Framework
Authors: Gebru Micheale K. , Getachew Zeru  , Kejtil Tronvoll  , Yohannes Takalign
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this article is to examine the normative and institutional constraints that exist within the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development's (IGAD) peace and security frameworks. Despite IGAD's broad mandate to maintain regional peace and security in the Horn of Africa, this article claims that the organisation has yet to develop a comprehensive regional peace and security framework. As a result, the contribution of IGAD has been limited. Meanwhile, the region remains one of the most conflict-ridden in Africa. In this study, a qualitative research approach was used. Primary and secondary data were gathered through in-depth interviews, newspaper articles, and online resources. The data was investigated using qualitative discourse analysis and content analysis. The findings indicate that IGAD lacks robust and comprehensive normative and institutional mechanisms for effectively maintaining regional stability.
Challenging the Myth of Ethiopian Terrain Advantage: An Exploration of the Battle of Adwa
Authors: Waktola Daniel Kassahun
Published: January 2025

This study recasts the Battle of Adwa through a geographic lens, illuminating the spatial dynamics of troop camps, mobility, time management, and the intricate interplay between armies and terrain. In doing so, it challenges the commonly held narrative of Ethiopia's inherent topographic advantage, uncovering a unifying spatial pattern across the Italo-Ethiopian war's battlefields. Beyond highlighting this shared spatial structure, the study reveals how Ethiopia's geography proved not just a shield, but also a double-edged sword. Its strategic location and geo-economic assets made it a consistent target for invasion, despite the terrain's challenges. Additionally, the research sheds light on the pivotal role of "core-periphery" geopolitics in shaping the war's outcome, as Italian attempts to exploit regional divisions met their match against Ethiopian unity. Furthermore, the study emphasises the crucial element of adaptability in the face of diverse landscapes. Emperor Menelik's spatially-oriented leadership empowered his generals to outmanoeuvre the rigidly positioned Italian army, exemplifying "topographical possibilism" in contrast to the Italians' "topographic determinism" - their dependence on strategic locations for exerting pressure. Ultimately, the Battle of Adwa stands as a testament to the fact that victory doesn't solely reside in the terrain; it hinges on human agency and the ability to adapt and overcome.
Local Community Assets to Promote Community Policing in Ethiopia
Authors: Ermias Kebede  , Wassie Kebede
Published: January 2025

Community policing is a recent strategy in Ethiopia that calls for partnership with communities to address crime problems. Few studies in Ethiopia have examined how community assets can support and work in partnership with community policing. This study explored how community assets could be used to strengthen community policing services in the Gorf Aswogaj community in Addis Ababa. We employed a qualitative research method with a case study design.  Thirteen participants (11 community members and 2 police officers) participated in interviews.  The findings uncovered numerous social assets including community based associations, strong culture of mutual support, and deep rooted habits of attending community based social events. Further, the study revealed existing multiple sources of income such as remittance, small and petty businesses, and renting house, which can be used as economic back-up for community policing. The study also found existing public and private institutions that can be exploited to advance community policing services in the study area. The study concludes that a community strength perspective can be integrated with community policing programs in an effort to build more peaceful and harmonious community as suggested by Asset Based Community Development Model and Normative Sponsorship Theory.
Rethinking the Role of the Hatata of Zera Yaecob and the Hatata of Welda Heywat in Ethiopian Philosophy
Authors: Fasil Merawi
Published: January 2025

The attempt to situate the Hatata as a foundation of Ethiopian philosophy is part and parcel of a politicised debate that is more informed by nationalism and decolonial efforts rather than a quest to find the existence of a philosophical form of criticism in the Ethiopian soil. A critical examination of the different attempts that were made so far to position the treatises as a foundation of Ethiopian philosophy shows that there are three interrelated schools that see the Hatata of Zera Yaecob and the Hatata of Welda Heywat as the cornerstone of Ethiopian philosophy. These schools are represented by those who see the texts as hosting a Cartesian form of subjectivity, the ones who situate the texts as a foundation of an indigenous Ethiopian philosophy, and others who see the authors of the texts as laying the foundations for an Ethiopian modernization. Through a critical engagement with these three defences of the treatises, the paper argues that such three articulations of the texts failed to properly examine the colonial world of knowledge production and religious reformation that animated the texts in the first place. With such recognition, a new foundation of Ethiopian philosophy that is founded on the nation’s complex historical and cultural heritage needs to be pursued.
Effects of Chronic Inhalation of Carbon Monoxide on Some Haematological Parameters and Carboxyhaemoglobin Levels in WistarRats
Authors: Adesina Opeyemi Olufeyisola , Akinwale Faith Damilola , Adesina Oluwafemi Adewale
Published: January 2025

No Abstract
Effect of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Solanum incanum on Full Blood Count Parameters in WistarRat
Authors: Bagudo Brahim Aliyu , Abdulrahman Yakubu
Published: January 2025

No Abstract
Impacto del podcast educomunicativo en la promoción del reciclaje en entornos universitarios
Authors: Olivares Asencio Eddy Paul , Zamora Arízaga Renato Xavier
Published: January 2025

La presente investigación examina el impacto del podcast educomunicativo en el desarrollo y promoción de las actividades referente al cuidado del medio ambiente como lo es el reciclaje al interior de las unidades académicas universitarias. Además, se evaluará la eficiencia en la difusión dentro de las unidades académicas. Sin embargo, la colaboración de los estudiantes de las unidades de educación superior respecto al medioambiente y reciclajes es muy limitada, lo que indica que las actividades referentes a la comunicación estratégica no han cumplido eficientemente su objetivo, por tal razón los podcasts educomunicativos representan una alternativa audiovisual, no obstante, se requiere de una correcta planificación en la elaboración de contenidos.   Este estudio se realiza con el objetivo de analizar el impacto del podcast educomunicativo en la promoción del reciclaje en entornos universitarios. Se llevó a cabo un estudio correlacional con enfoque mixto, utilizando un marco no experimental y diseño transversal, los hallazgos indicaron que la influencia del podcast educomunicativo en las universidades potencia el conocimiento y la conciencia sobre el reciclaje entre los estudiantes. La mayoría exhibió actitudes afirmativas hacia el reciclaje, y sus prácticas de reciclaje mejoraron después de la exposición al podcast. En conclusión, los podcasts educomunicativos demostraron eficacia como herramienta efectiva para potenciar los comportamientos de reciclaje entre los universitarios.
El impacto de la Inteligencia Artificial en la producción de contenidos noticiosos en la red social TikTok
Authors: Pañi Rojas Diego Andrés , Álvarez Gavilanes Juan Edmundo
Published: January 2025

En la era digital actual, TikTok se ha consolidado como una de las plataformas de redes sociales más influyentes, especialmente en la población joven. Su éxito, no solo se debe a su interfaz intuitiva sino también a su contenido dinámico. El uso de la IA en la moderación de contenido noticiosos puede afectar la libertad de expresión y la precisión en la identificación de contenido inapropiado, la dependencia de los algoritmos para la viralización del contenido plantea interrogantes sobre la equidad y la transparencia en la plataforma. Por ende, surge el objetivo de analizar el impacto que genera la Inteligencia Artificial en la producción de contenidos noticiosos en la red social TikTok. Esta investigación aplicó un enfoque metodológico mixto, con la implementación de fichas de observación y entrevistas semiestructuradas a profesionales de la comunicación y expertos en IA. Como conclusión la IA ha permitido a TikTok ofrecer una experiencia altamente personalizada y dinámica en el ámbito noticioso, también ha introducido desafíos significativos, en términos de polarización, moderación y equidad.
Análisis de contenidos transmedia con Inteligencia Artificial e influencia en la audiencia de canales de comunicación digital
Authors: Peralta Suarez Byron Fernando , Álvarez Gavilanes Juan Edmundo
Published: January 2025

El avance de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) en el presente escenario tecnológico se debe al desarrollo de la informática, la explosión de los datos digitalizados, big data, y la mejora de los modelos algorítmicos de razonamiento y aprendizaje. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar como los contenidos transmedia producidos con IA impactan en la audiencia de canales digitales.  En la actualidad la creación de contenidos transmedia se basa en diferentes modelos de programación, cuyo propósito es generar productos que imiten la habilidad humana utilizando diferentes plataformas de IA. En diversas editoriales digitales ya han tenido sus primeros acercamientos y experiencias con plataformas de IA. Este artículo de carácter cualitativo se centró en un enfoque descriptivo y exploratorio y analizó los resultados obtenidos a partir de la revisión bibliográfica, bajo dos criterios de muestreo temporales y de expertos para el análisis de la IA en la creación de contenidos transmedia. En conclusión, el uso de Inteligencia Artificial en la comunicación digital evidencia un impacto significativo en la elaboración de productos multimedia que son distribuidos en diferentes plataformas y canales digitales en Internet.
TikTok y el periodismo digital: impacto en el consumo de noticias en Cuenca, Ecuador
Authors: Prado Prado Wilmer Orlando , Erazo Álvarez Cristian Andrés
Published: January 2025

TikTok ha revolucionado el panorama de las redes sociales transformando el modelo tradicional de comunicación unidireccional e involucrando a los usuarios en la creación de contenidos. Al innovar su algoritmo da mayor relevancia y notoriedad al alcance, viralidad y posicionamiento a los perfiles. Actualmente, la convergencia de la revolución digital y las redes sociales ha modificado la forma cómo la sociedad consume noticias, TikTok, una plataforma enfocada en videos, ha emergido como un fenómeno cultural global, alcanzando 1.051 millones de usuarios activos mensuales en el 2023, por lo expuesto, surge la necesidad de analizar el impacto de TikTok en el consumo de noticias, con el fin de identificar las nuevas dinámicas y desafíos en la convergencia entre redes sociales y prácticas periodísticas en la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador. La metodología que se utilizó fue de enfoque mixto de tipo relacional con un muestreo sistemático de los contenidos relacionados con noticias en TikTok, a través de entrevistas a expertos y análisis de métricas para obtener resultados, los cuales muestran cómo ha influido TikTok en el consumo de noticias en Cuenca. En conclusión, los resultados evidencian a TikTok como el principal medio digital de consumo de noticias en la ciudad.