bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulation of pancreatic cancer growth by superoxide
Authors: Du Juan , Nelson Elke S. , Simons Andrean L. , Olney Kristen E. , Moser Justin C. , Schrock Hannah E. , Wagner Brett A. , Buettner Garry R. , Smith Brian J. , Teoh Melissa L.T. , Tsao Ming‐Sound , Cullen Joseph J.
Published: March 2012

K‐ras mutations have been identified in up to 95% of pancreatic cancers, implying their critical role in the molecular pathogenesis. Expression of K‐ras oncogene in an immortalized human pancreatic ductal epithelial cell line, originally derived from normal pancreas (H6c7), induced the formation of carcinoma in mice. We hypothesized that K‐ras oncogene correlates with increased non‐mitochondrial‐generated superoxide (O), which could be involved in regulating cell growth contributing to tumor progression. In the H6c7 cell line and its derivatives, H6c7er‐Kras+ (H6c7 cells expressing K‐ras oncogene), and H6c7eR‐KrasT (tumorigenic H6c7 cells expressing K‐ras oncogene), there was an increase in hydroethidine fluorescence in cell lines that express K‐ras. Western blots and activity assays for the antioxidant enzymes that detoxify O were similar in these cell lines suggesting that the increase in hydroethidine fluorescence was not due to decreased antioxidant capacity. To determine a possible non‐mitochondrial source of the increased levels of O, Western analysis demonstrated the absence of NADPH oxidase‐2 (NOX2) in H6c7 cells but present in the H6c7 cell lines expressing K‐ras and other pancreatic cancer cell lines. Inhibition of NOX2 decreased hydroethidine fluorescence and clonogenic survival. Furthermore, in the cell lines with the K‐ras oncogene, overexpression of superoxide dismutases that detoxify non‐mitochondrial sources of O, and treatment with the small molecule O scavenger Tempol, also decreased hydroethidine fluorescence, inhibited clonogenic survival and inhibited growth of tumor xenografts. Thus, O produced by NOX2 in pancreatic cancer cells with K‐ras, may regulate pancreatic cancer cell growth. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Small‐tip‐angle spokes pulse design using interleaved greedy and local optimization methods
Authors: Grissom William A. , Khalighi Mohammad‐Mehdi , Sacolick Laura I. , Rutt Brian K. , Vogel Mika W.
Published: March 2012

Current spokes pulse design methods can be grouped into methods based either on sparse approximation or on iterative local (gradient descent‐based) optimization of the transverse‐plane spatial frequency locations visited by the spokes. These two classes of methods have complementary strengths and weaknesses: sparse approximation‐based methods perform an efficient search over a large swath of candidate spatial frequency locations but most are incompatible with off‐resonance compensation, multifrequency designs, and target phase relaxation, while local methods can accommodate off‐resonance and target phase relaxation but are sensitive to initialization and suboptimal local cost function minima. This article introduces a method that interleaves local iterations, which optimize the radiofrequency pulses, target phase patterns, and spatial frequency locations, with a greedy method to choose new locations. Simulations and experiments at 3 and 7 T show that the method consistently produces single‐ and multifrequency spokes pulses with lower flip angle inhomogeneity compared to current methods. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
When companies get caught: The effect of consumers discovering undesirable firm engagement online
Authors: Campbell Colin , Piercy Niall , Heinrich Daniel
Published: March 2012

We report on the findings of an exploratory set of experiments designed to test the effect of negative firm actions online. Findings point to firms suffering a loss of consumer attitude toward the brand when legal action is threatened against the creator of a consumer generator advertisement. Similarly, consumers also lowered their attitude toward a brand when confronted with information suggesting that a brand was linked to secretly posting “consumer” advertisements online. Implications for academics and brand managers are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micro‐Raman spectroscopy observation of field‐induced strain relaxation in AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field‐effect transistors
Authors: Dun Shaobo , Jiang Yang , Li Jingqiang , Fang Yulong , Yin Jiayun , Liu Bo , Wang Jingjing , Chen Hong , Feng Zhihong , Cai Shujun
Published: March 2012

A new method to characterize the strain status in the electrical degradation of AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field‐effect transistors (HFETs) using micro‐Raman spectroscopy at a wavelength of 532 nm was proposed. This method was applied to the devices stressed under different dc biased configurations to find the direct evidence of strain relaxation due to inverse piezoelectric effect (IPE). It was observed that the strain relaxation in AlGaN barrier layers became more severe with the increment of the electric field applied externally, which would lead to the rise of the gate leakage current. The deterioration of the gate leakage current shows a time‐dependent feature.
Carrier‐transport studies of III‐nitride/Si3N4/Si isotype heterojunctions
Authors: Kumar Mahesh , Roul Basanta , Bhat Thirumaleshwara N. , Rajpalke Mohana K. , Kalghatgi A. T. , Krupanidhi S. B.
Published: March 2012

GaN/Si3N4/n‐Si and InN/Si3N4/n‐Si heterojunctions (HJs) were fabricated using plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy for a comparison study. Single‐crystalline wurtzite structures of GaN and InN epilayers were confirmed by high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction and thickness of ultrathin Si3N4 layer was measured by transmission electron microscopy. n‐GaN/Si3N4/n‐Si HJs show diode‐like rectifying current–voltage (I–V) characteristic, while n‐InN/Si3N4/n‐Si HJs show symmetric nonlinear I–V behavior. The I–V characteristics of both HJs were discussed in terms of the band diagram of HJs and the carrier transport mechanism. The activation energies of carrier conduction were estimated to be ∼29 meV for GaN/Si3N4/Si and ∼95 meV for InN/Si3N4/Si HJs.
Curcumin Induces Autophagy in ACC‐MESO‐1 Cells
Authors: Yamauchi Yoshikane , Izumi Yotaro , Asakura Keisuke , Hayashi Yuichiro , Nomori Hiroaki
Published: March 2012

Malignant pleural mesothelioma is known to be widely resistant to therapy and new treatment strategies are needed. Curcumin, which has a long history as a dietary spice is known to suppress the growth of multiple cancer lines, but the effects on mesothelioma cells are not well defined. In the present study we examined the effects of curcumin on ACC‐MESO‐1, which is a human derived mesothelioma cell line. We found that curcumin dose‐dependently reduced cell viability but did not induce apoptosis. Curcumin administration increased LC3B‐II/LC3B‐I expression, and induced the formation of autophagosomes on electron microscopy. These changes were attenuated by RNA silencing of atg5. From these findings it was speculated that induction of autophagy was at least in part involved in the reduction of cell viability by curcumin. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacological Properties of Guggulsterones, the Major Active Components of Gum Guggul
Authors: Shah Rohan , Gulati Vandana , Palombo Enzo A.
Published: March 2012

Oleo gum resin secreted by Commiphora mukul, also known as gum guggul, has been used widely as an ayurvedic drug. Commiphora mukul is a short thorny shrub that is native to the Indian subcontinent. Oleo gum resin extracted by incision of the bark is a very complex mixture of gum, minerals, essential oils, terpenes, sterols, ferrulates, flavanones and sterones. Its active constituents, the Z‐ and E‐guggulsterones, have been demonstrated to exhibit their biological activities by binding to nuclear receptors and modulating the expression of proteins involved in carcinogenic activities. Guggulsterones have also been reported to regulate gene expression by exhibiting control over other molecular targets including transcription factors such as nuclear factor (NF)‐κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) and steroid receptors. Considerable scientific evidence indicates the use of gum guggul as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of inflammation, nervous disorders, hyperlipidaemia and associated cardiac disorders such as hypertension and ischaemia, skin disorders, cancer and urinary disorders. This review highlights the taxonomic details, phytochemical properties and pharmacological profile of gum guggul. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibitory Effect of Phenylbutanoid‐rich Zingiber cassumunar Extracts on Nitric Oxide Production by Murine Macrophage‐like RAW264.7 Cells
Authors: Kaewchoothong Arpaporn , Tewtrakul Supinya , Panichayupakaranant Pharkphoom
Published: March 2012

Four phenylbutanoids, (E)‐4‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)but‐3‐en‐l‐ol (I), (E)‐4‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)but‐3‐en‐l‐yl acetate (II), (E)‐1‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)butadiene (III) and (E)‐3‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐4‐[(E)‐3,4‐dimethoxystyryl]cyclohex‐1‐ene (IV), isolated from Zingiber cassumunar, were used as standard markers for quantitative determination and preparation of phenylbutanoid‐enriched Z. cassumunar extracts (PZEs). A reversed‐phase HPLC method was established for the simultaneous determination of the phenylbutanoids in Z. cassumunar extracts. Systematic extraction studies to maximize phenylbutanoid content revealed that hexane was the most appropriate solvent for extraction. A one‐step purification of the hexane crude extract of Z. cassumunar, using silica gel vacuum chromatography, provided the PZEs. The content of phenylbutanoids in the PZEs was up to 48.3% w/w dry weight. The anti‐inflammatory activity of PZEs via inhibition of nitric oxide production by murine macrophage‐like RAW264.7 cells was stronger than those of the four individual phenylbutanoids, the crude hexane extract and the essential oil of Z. cassumunar. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Envisioning New Literacies Through a Lens of Teaching and Learning
Authors: Lapp Diane , Moss Barbara , Rowsell Jennifer
Published: March 2012

What are new literacies and how do they mesh with core curriculum? Classroom teachers who find their students’ interests and bases of knowledge about new technologies expanding exponentially often ask this question. While broadening the definition of new literacies beyond internet literacy this article explores the history of new literacies and offers an answer to the question of how to blend new literacies while not losing the focus of the core curriculum. An example of how one teacher remixed new literacies, core curriculum, and intentional instruction to support critical literacy is shared to illustrate the reality and possible process of weaving new and existing literacy instruction.
Relations Between the CCSS and RTI in Literacy and Language
Authors: Wixson Karen K. , Lipson Marjorie Y.
Published: March 2012

Initiatives such as Response to Intervention (RTI) and the Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts (CCSS‐ELA) have the potential to positively impact progress toward the goal of literacy for all. Because the CCSS‐ELA will guide the content of the curriculum, instruction and assessment in the large number of adopting states, they will also have a significant impact on instruction and intervention within an RTI approach to teaching and learning in language and literacy. This column explores the implications of the CCSS‐ELA for RTI in the areas of language and literacy with regard to definitions of success, perspectives on reading/literacy, instruction, and assessment.
Devillainizing Video in Support of Comprehension and Vocabulary Instruction
Authors: Hall Matthew , Dougherty Stahl Katherine A.
Published: March 2012

In the classroom, teachers have long used videos as an addendum to the instruction they provide. Still, using video is often seen in a negative light and is used sparingly. This column calls upon research from a variety of fields that supports the use of video to enhance literacy instruction in classrooms. Relying on both theory and practice, the authors highlight several promising areas of research that utilize video as a teaching tool to develop comprehension and vocabulary proficiency in tandem with print‐based literacy practices. The authors make practical recommendations for teachers looking to incorporate video into the literacy instruction they provide to students in the classroom.
Use of partially fenced fields to reduce deer damage to corn
Authors: Hildreth Aaron M. , Hygnstrom Scott E. , Blankenship Erin E. , VerCauteren Kurt C.
Published: March 2012

White‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) damage agricultural crops, often leading to significant economic losses for farmers. We used poly‐mesh fence with wings to separate good deer cover from agricultural fields where crop damage by deer occurred primarily along this edge. In these cases, complete enclosure of the field with fencing may be unnecessary. The design used a 2.13‐m‐high polypropylene mesh fence erected along the wooded edge of a field with either 50‐m or 150‐m wings extending perpendicular from the fence line and wooded habitat. Fences reduced deer damage in cornfields 13.5% (F1,6 = ∞, P < 0.001). Average yield in fenced fields (10,211 kg/ha) was 1,708 kg/ha greater than in control fields, which, at US$0.155/kg, equals a net gain of US$265/ha. We found no difference in damage between fences with 50‐m and 150‐m wings (F1,1 = 0.26, P = 0.695). Costs for materials and labor for erecting partial poly‐mesh fences with wings were US$5.56/m and US$1.42/m, respectively. Mean total cost for partial poly‐mesh fences with 50‐m wings would be US$60.13/ha/year over a 10‐year period, compared with US$82.30/ha/year for 150‐m wings and US$184.16/ha/year for completely enclosing fields. Expected savings for partial poly‐mesh fences with 50‐m wings over a 10‐year period were US$205/ha/year, as compared with damaged fields without fences. We concluded that poly‐mesh fences with 50‐m wings were cost‐effective at reducing damage by deer to corn. Additional research should be conducted to determine efficacy of the more cost‐effective high‐tensile and poly‐tape fences with wings. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Desarda Versus Lichtenstein Technique for Primary Inguinal Hernia Treatment: 3‐Year Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Szopinski Jacek , Dabrowiecki Stanislaw , Pierscinski Stanislaw , Jackowski Marek , Jaworski Maciej , Szuflet Zbigniew
Published: March 2012

Background

The Shouldice method and other tissue‐based techniques are still acknowledged to be acceptable for primary inguinal hernia repair according to the European Hernia Society guidelines. Desarda’s technique, presented in 2001, is an original hernia repair method using an undetached strip of external oblique aponeurosis. This randomized trial compared outcomes after hernia repair with Desarda (D) and mesh‐based Lichtenstein (L) techniques.

Methods

A total of 208 male patients were randomly assigned to the D or L group (105 vs. 103, respectively). The primary outcomes measured were recurrence and chronic pain. Additionally, early and late complications, foreign body sensation, and return to everyday activity were examined in hospital and at 7, 30 days, and 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after surgery.

Results

During the follow‐up, two recurrences were observed in each group (p = 1.000). Chronic pain was experienced by 4.8 and 2.9% of patients from groups D and L, respectively (p = 0.464). Foreign body sensation and return to activity were not different between the groups. There was significantly less seroma production in the D group (p = 0.004).

Conclusions

The results of primary inguinal hernia repair with the Desarda and Lichtenstein techniques are comparable at the 3‐year follow‐up. The technique may potentially increase the number of tissue‐based methods available for treating groin hernias.
Recovery of functionally active recombinant human phospholipid scramblase 1 from inclusion bodies using N-lauroyl sarcosine
Authors: Francis Vincent Gerard , Majeed Mohammed Abdul , Gummadi Sathyanarayana N
Published: March 2012

Human phospholipid scramblase (hPLSCR1) is a transmembrane protein involved in rapid bidirectional scrambling of phospholipids across the plasma membrane in response to elevated intracellular calcium (Ca2+) levels. Overexpression of recombinant hPLSCR1 in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) leads to its deposition in inclusion bodies (IBs). N-lauroyl sarcosine was used to solubilize IBs and to recover functionally active hPLSCR1 from them. Protein was purified to homogeneity by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni2+–NTA) affinity chromatography and was >98% pure. Functional activity of the purified protein was validated by in vitro reconstitution studies, ~18% of 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol-4-yl-phosphatidylcholine (NBD-PC) phospholipids was translocated across the lipid bilayer in the presence of Ca2+ ions. Far ultraviolet circular dichroism (UV-CD) studies reveal that the secondary structure of protein is predominantly an α-helix, and under nondenaturing conditions, the protein exists as a monomer. Here we describe a method to purify recombinant membrane protein with higher yield than previously described methods involving renaturation techniques.
Analyzing the dynamics of cell growth and protein production in mammalian cell fed-batch systems using logistic equations
Authors: Goudar Chetan T
Published: March 2012

The logistic modeling approach was used to describe experimental viable cell density (X) and product concentration (P) data from two industrial fed-batch mammalian cell culture processes with maximum product concentrations in the 3.0–9.4 g/l range. In both cases, experimental data were well described by the logistic equations and the resulting specific growth rate and protein productivity profiles provided useful insights into the process kinetics. Subsequently, sensitivity equations for both the X and P models were analyzed which helped characterize the influence of model parameters on X and P time courses. This was augmented by conventional sensitivity analyses where five values of each model parameter, 25% apart, were used to generate X and P time courses. Finally, results from sensitivity analysis were used to simulate X and P time courses that were reflective of typical early- and late-stage fed-batch cell culture processes. Different combinations of the logistic model parameters were used to arrive at the same final product concentration demonstrating the ability of the logistic approach to describe the multitude of process paths that result in the same final product concentration. Overall, the capability of the logistic equations to well describe X and P data from fed-batch cultures, coupled with their ability to simulate the multitude of paths leading up to the desired cell density and product concentration profiles, make them a useful tool during mammalian cell fed-batch process development.
Factors of Empowerment for Women in Recovery from Substance Use
Authors: Hunter Bronwyn A. , Jason Leonard A. , Keys Christopher B.
Published: March 2012

Empowerment is an interdisciplinary construct heavily grounded in the theories of community psychology. Although empowerment has a strong theoretical foundation, few context‐specific quantitative measures have been designed to evaluate empowerment for specific populations. The present study explored the factor structure of a modified empowerment scale with a cross‐sectional sample of 296 women in recovery from substance use who lived in recovery homes located throughout the United States. Results from an exploratory factor analysis identified three factors of psychological empowerment which were closely related to previous conceptualizations of psychological empowerment: self‐perception, resource knowledge and participation. Further analyses demonstrated a hierarchical relationship among the three factors, with resource knowledge predicting participation when controlling for self‐perception. Finally, a correlational analysis demonstrated the initial construct validity of each factor, as each factor of empowerment was significantly and positively related to self‐esteem. Implications for the application of psychological empowerment theory and research are discussed.
Proportional reasoning in the laboratory: an intervention study in vocational education
Authors: Bakker Arthur , Groenveld Djonie , Wijers Monica , Akkerman Sanne F. , Gravemeijer Koeno P. E.
Published: March 2012

Based on insights into the nature of vocational mathematical knowledge, we designed a computer tool with which students in laboratory schools at senior secondary vocational school level could develop a better proficiency in the proportional reasoning involved in dilution. We did so because we had identified computations of concentrations of chemical substances after dilution as a problematic area in the vocational education of laboratory technicians. Pre- and post-test results indeed show that 47 students aged 16–23 significantly improved their proportional reasoning in this domain with brief instruction time (50–90 min). Effect sizes were mostly large. The approach of using a visual tool that foregrounds mathematical aspects of laboratory work thus illustrates how vocational mathematical knowledge can be developed effectively and efficiently.
Transnationale Strategien zur Anpassung an Klimawandelfolgen versus lokalspezifische Anpassungserfordernisse? Das Beispiel des Ostseeraumes
Authors: Deppisch Sonja , Albers Meike
Published: March 2012

Calling for a macro-regional adaptation strategy, the European Union introduced a new strategic level in the discussion on how to adapt to climate change impacts. Based on exploratory studies in three urban regions at the Baltic Sea Coast, Stockholm (Sweden), Rostock (Germany) and Riga (Latvia), the article discusses the contribution and added value of transnational cooperation with regard to adaptation to climate change. Furthermore, it addresses the question of which tasks should be tackled on local and regional or on transnational level. The analysis is based on documents, semi-structured interviews with experts and a participatory observation within a scenario-process. These exploratory studies point out that a transnational cooperation in the Baltic Sea Region could complement local and regional adaptation activities very well. The participants could benefit through exchanges of specific experiences among urban regions with similar problems, but also through a greater awareness for adaptation. However, the added value of transnational cooperation seems to be restricted, regarding for example how and to which extent local activities can be influenced or due to the matter of fact that the given institutional framework constrains the opportunities of action.
Tongue support of complete dentures in the elderly
Authors: Chen Yu‐Fen , Yang Yi‐Hsin , Lee Ji‐Hua , Chen Jen‐Hao , Lee Huey‐Er , Chou Tsau‐Mau
Published: March 2012

This study aimed to evaluate the tongue's role in supporting maxillary denture retention (MDR), in providing additional stabilization for the mandibular denture, and the tongue's relationship with the oral health‐related well being in elderly complete denture patients. Four hundred elderly individuals, 263 males and 137 females, were enrolled in this study. All were older than 65 years, and wore complete dentures. Intraoral examinations were performed in accordance with the 10 criteria embedded in the Functional Assessment of Dentures (FAD). Participants also received personal interviews and completed the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) questionnaire. The associations between MDR (tongue support) with the mean OHIP‐14 sum scores and FAD categories were analyzed using the t test or analysis of variance (ANOVA). Combinations of MDR (tongue support), MDR (resistance to vertical pull), and mandibular denture stability (anterior–posterior movement) were also assessed with the remaining FAD criteria and OHIP‐14 domain scores. Individuals with adequate MDR (tongue support) were significantly associated with denture articulation, denture occlusion, MDR (resistance to vertical pull), maxillary denture stability (pronounced rocking), and mandibular denture stability (anterior–posterior movement). When individuals with adequate MDR (tongue support) were analyzed in conjunction with adequate MDR (resistance to vertical pull) and adequate mandibular denture stability (anterior–posterior movement), significant associations were observed with the mean OHIP‐14 sum score and three individual OHIP‐14 domains: functional limitation, physical pain, and physical disability (p ＜ 0.05). The mean OHIP‐14 sum score was lower among individuals with both adequate MDR (tongue support) and inadequate MDR (resistance to vertical pull) than among participants with both inadequate MDR (tongue support) and inadequate MDR (resistance to vertical pull). MDR (tongue support) demonstrated significant differences from denture occlusion, denture articulation, MDR (resistance to vertical pull), maxillary denture stability (pronounced rocking), and mandibular denture stability (anterior–posterior movement). MDR (tongue support), in conjunction with both adequate MDR (resistance to vertical pull) and adequate mandibular stability (anterior–posterior movement), were significantly associated with the individuals’ oral health‐related well being.
The Beginning and the End of 'Religion'
Authors: Lash Nicholas
Published: March 2012

The common view that 'religion' is something quite separate from politics, art, science, law and economics is one that is peculiar to modern Western culture. In this book Professor Lash argues that we should begin to question seriously that viewpoint: the modern world is ending and we are now in a position to discover new forms of ancient wisdom, which have been obscured from view. These essays explore this idea in a number of directions, examining the dialogue between theology and science, the secularity of Western culture and questions of Christian hope. Part One examines the dialogue between Christianity and Hinduism, while Part Two considers the relations between theology and science, the secularity of Western culture, and questions of Christian hope, or eschatology.
Sex Determination, Differentiation and Intersexuality in Placental Mammals
Authors: Hunter R. H. F.
Published: March 2012

How do males become male and females become female? And what are the consequences if the decision is not incisive? Drawing upon interests in animal genetics and molecular biology, the author endeavours to answer these difficult yet fascinating questions. Originally published in 1995, this book describes the genetic determination of sex and examines how sexual organs are differentiated. Using examples of intersexuality, chimaeras and asymmetries, the book describes the underlying molecular basis of sex determination and sexual differentiation, and focuses on the critical role of the rate of embryonic development in these vital processes. Male precocity is a recurrent theme, as is the involvement of Sertoli cells and their secretion of anti-Müllerian hormone. An invaluable book for reproductive physiologists, geneticists and developmental biologists whose interests may extend from animal science through veterinary medicine to human clinical medicine.
Frontier Nomads of Iran
Authors: Tapper Richard
Published: March 2012

Richard Tapper's 1997 book, which is based on three decades of ethnographic fieldwork and extensive documentary research, traces the political and social history of the Shahsevan, one of the major nomadic peoples of Iran. The story is a dramatic one, recounting the mythical origins of the tribes, their unification as a confederacy, and their decline under the Pahlavi Shahs. The book is intended as a contribution to three different debates. The first concerns the riddle of Shahsevan origins, while another considers how far changes in tribal social and political formations are a function of relations with states. The third discusses how different constructions of the identity of a particular people determine their view of the past. In this way, the book promises not only to make a major contribution to the history and anthropology of the Middle East and Central Asia, but also to theoretical debates in both disciplines.
Beyond Technology's Promise
Authors: Giacquinta Joseph B. , Bauer Jo Anne , Levin Jane E.
Published: March 2012

As personal computers have become more available, there has been a great deal of optimism for educational reform through wide computer use, both at school and in the home. Beyond Technology's Promise, first published in 1994, takes a hard look at the home computer scene. The research reported in the book focuses on whether families are using computers to help children learn academic skills and, if so, how well they are doing it. The three year, qualitative investigation provides contextual information crucial to our understanding of how computers are really being used. The authors draw the not so surprising conclusion that most children use computers to play games. They therefore propose directions that must be taken in order to facilitate the educational use of home computers or any other promising educational technology. In so doing, they examine such topics as parental leadership, the home-school computer connection, and the role of gender in home computing use.
Statutes of the University of Cambridge
Authors: Keynes John Neville
Published: March 2012

This record of the Statutes of Cambridge University, compiled by the then University Registrary, John Neville Keynes (father of the economist John Maynard Keynes), and published in 1914, was intended as a statement of the legal instruments which controlled the organisation and day-to-day running of the university. Following the Royal Commission of inquiry into the universities of Oxford and Cambridge begun in 1850, a succession of Acts and Orders in Council, beginning with the Cambridge University Act of 1856, began to modernise the ancient rules by which the university and colleges had previously governed themselves, and to introduce new subjects, such as law, history, oriental languages and engineering, into the curriculum. Although the statutes have been much altered since then, the form of government of the university which they embodied still exists as a framework today.
The Works of Thomas Carlyle
Authors: Carlyle Thomas
Published: March 2012

Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881) was one of the most influential authors of the nineteenth century. Eagerly studied at the highest level of intellectual society, his satirical essays and perceptive historical biographies caused him to be regarded for much of the Victorian period as a literary genius and eminent social philosopher. After graduating from Edinburgh University in 1814, he published his first scholarly work on German literature in 1824, before finding literary success with his ground-breaking history of the French Revolution in 1837. After falling from favour during the first part of the twentieth century, his work has more recently become the subject of scholarly re-examination. His introduction of German literature and philosophy into the British intellectual milieu profoundly influenced later philosophical ideas and literary studies. These volumes are reproduced from the 1896 Centenary Edition of his collected works. Volume 4 contains the third volume of The French Revolution.
A History of Greece
Authors: Grote George
Published: March 2012

Widely acknowledged as the most authoritative study of ancient Greece, George Grote's twelve-volume work, begun in 1846, established the shape of Greek history which still prevails in textbooks and popular accounts of the ancient world today. Grote employs direct and clear language to take the reader from the earliest times of legendary Greece to the death of Alexander and his generation, drawing upon epic poetry and legend, and examining the growth and decline of the Athenian democracy. The work provides explanations of Greek political constitutions and philosophy, and interwoven throughout are the important but outlying adventures of the Sicilian and Italian Greeks. The final volume of Grote's history begins with the reign of Alexander the Great, and ends with a review of the Greek world at 'the close of the history of free Hellas and Hellenism'. An index to all twelve volumes completes this monumental work of scholarship.
The Works of Thomas Carlyle
Authors: Carlyle Thomas
Published: March 2012

Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881) was one of the most influential authors of the nineteenth century. Eagerly studied at the highest level of intellectual society, his satirical essays and perceptive historical biographies caused him to be regarded for much of the Victorian period as a literary genius and eminent social philosopher. After graduating from Edinburgh University in 1814, he published his first scholarly work on German literature in 1824, before finding literary success with his ground-breaking history of the French Revolution in 1837. After falling from favour during the first part of the twentieth century, his work has more recently become the subject of scholarly re-examination. His introduction of German literature and philosophy into the British intellectual milieu profoundly influenced later philosophical ideas and literary studies. These volumes are reproduced from the 1896 Centenary Edition of his collected works. Volume 25 contains his biography of Friedrich Schiller.
The Works of Thomas Carlyle
Authors: Carlyle Thomas
Published: March 2012

Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881) was one of the most influential authors of the nineteenth century. Eagerly studied at the highest level of intellectual society, his satirical essays and perceptive historical biographies caused him to be regarded for much of the Victorian period as a literary genius and eminent social philosopher. After graduating from Edinburgh University in 1814, he published his first scholarly work on German literature in 1824, before finding literary success with his history of the French Revolution in 1837. After falling from favour during the first part of the twentieth century, his work has more recently become the subject of scholarly re-examination. His introduction of German literature and philosophy into the British intellectual milieu profoundly influenced later philosophical and literary studies. These volumes are reproduced from the 1896 Centenary Edition of his collected works. Volume 19 contains the eighth volume of The Life of Frederick the Great.
Voyage au Tocantins-Araguaya
Authors: Coudreau Henri Anatole
Published: March 2012

In 1897, building on his earlier scientific expedition reports, Henri Coudreau (1859–1899) published this account of his third mission on behalf of the governor of Brazil's Pará state: Voyage au Tocantins-Araguaya. Coudreau continues his practice of including illustrations, statistical tables, indigenous vocabularies, and maps to complement the detailed account of his progress along this Amazonian tributary. His observations reveal his geological background and interests; however, Coudreau also assumes the role of anthropologist as he documents various aspects of indigenous groups, including their customs and beliefs. In addition to his remarks on villages, peoples, and the region's flora and fauna, Coudreau records his thoughts and concerns about increasing industrialization and the potential for urbanization and growth in Pará. His opinion that the people of Pará possess the same bold and enterprising spirit as their 'Yankee' neighbours is characteristic of Coudreau's personal interest in the subjects of his study.
Select Letters of Christopher Columbus
Authors: Columbus Christopher
Published: March 2012

The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available edited (and sometimes translated) early accounts of exploration. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of 100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to Africa and India. This volume, first published in 1847 and revised in 1870, consists of letters of Christopher Columbus to the Treasurer of the King and Queen of Spain, describing his first, third and fourth voyages, and a letter from Diego Alvarez Chanca, a royal physician who went on the second voyage and reported his experiences to the town council of Seville. In this edition by R. H. Major, the letters are given in the original languages with an English translation, editor's preface, explanatory notes and index.
The Magical Imagination
Authors: Bell Karl
Published: March 2012

This innovative history of popular magical mentalities in nineteenth-century England explores the dynamic ways in which the magical imagination helped people to adjust to urban life. Previous studies of modern popular magical practices and supernatural beliefs have largely neglected the urban experience. Karl Bell, however, shows that the magical imagination was a key cultural resource which granted an empowering sense of plebeian agency in the nineteenth-century urban environment. Rather than portraying magical beliefs and practices as a mere enclave of anachronistic 'tradition' and the fantastical as simply an escapist refuge from the real, he reveals magic's adaptive and transformative qualities and the ways in which it helped ordinary people navigate, adapt to and resist aspects of modern urbanization. Drawing on perspectives from cultural anthropology, sociology, folklore and urban studies, this is a major contribution to our understanding of modern popular magic and the lived experience of modernization and urbanization.
Management Essentials for Doctors
Authors: Shaw Rory , Ramachandra Vino , Lucas Nuala , Robinson Neville
Published: March 2012

Management skills and a sound knowledge of the NHS are mandatory for consultant and general practice careers. Management Essentials for Doctors is an invaluable resource for trainee doctors, hospital consultants and general practitioners, as well as a compendium of 'hot topics' for all doctors preparing for medical interviews. Written by doctors, for doctors, the 60 topics provide:
• Clear descriptions of NHS structures, functions, policy and procedures
• Detailed coverage of core management skills
• An in-depth review of professional, governance, safety and quality issues
Written in an easy-to-read style, with alphabetically listed themes for quick reference, Management Essentials for Doctors is not only an indispensable guide for busy clinicians, educational leads and medical managers but also a practical resource for interview preparation and career development.
Travels in Arabia
Authors: Burckhardt John Lewis
Published: March 2012

John Lewis Burckhardt (1784–1817) was a Swiss explorer who is best remembered for his rediscovery of the ancient city of Petra in modern Jordan. In 1809 he was commissioned by the African Association to discover the source of the River Niger. In preparation for this journey, for which he needed to pass as a Muslim, Burckhardt spent two years exploring and studying Arabic and Islamic law in Aleppo, before travelling widely in Arabia and Egypt. These volumes, first published by the African Association in 1829, contain his account of the time he spent in Mecca and Medina: he was the first westerner to give an account of the Hajj pilgrimage. The work provides important and fascinating descriptions of the social, economic and political situation in Mecca and Medina during this period. Volume 1 describes the city of Mecca.
A Letter on the Abolition of the Slave Trade
Authors: Wilberforce William
Published: March 2012

William Wilberforce (1759–1833) was a politician, philanthropist and evangelical Christian, now best known for his work to end the slave trade. Elected to Parliament in 1780, he campaigned unsuccessfully for penal and electoral reform. In 1787, at the encouragement of William Pitt, he took up the cause of abolition at Westminster, but humanitarian and ethical arguments were slow to overcome the economic interests of those who had made fortunes from the slave trade or the use of slave labour. It was not until 1807 that the Abolition Bill was finally passed: shortly beforehand, Wilberforce had published this Letter to his constituents, justifying his preoccupation with abolition against claims that he was neglecting their local interests at Westminster, and setting out all his arguments against the slave trade. It is followed by his 1814 letter to Talleyrand, calling for a Europe-wide ban of the trade.
Thoughts on the Abolition of the Slave Trade, and Civilization of Africa
Authors: Marryat Joseph
Published: March 2012

Joseph Marryat (1757–1824) was an M.P., chairman of Lloyd's and colonial agent for Grenada. This volume contains three of his pamphlets - Thoughts on the Abolition of the Slave Trade (1816), More Thoughts (1816) and More Thoughts Still (1818) which replied to his critics. The first pamphlet was very controversial, running to four editions in the year of publication. It vigorously attacks the policies and influence of the African Institution, whose arguments regarding the operation of slavery since the Abolition Act of 1807 he proves, by using evidence from official British and colonial government reports, to contain many falsehoods. Marryat believed that, with regard to emancipation, lessons must be learned from the French Revolution: ideals, if taken too quickly to extremes, cause national and even international conflict. His critics accused him of equal economy with the truth by selective use of source material: his responses were also best-sellers.
The Rise of the Western World
Authors: North Douglass C. , Thomas Robert Paul
Published: March 2012

First published in 1973, this is a radical interpretation, offering a unified explanation for the growth of Western Europe between 900 A. D. and 1700, providing a general theoretical framework for institutional change geared to the general reader.
Probabilistic Properties of Deterministic Systems
Authors: Lasota Andrzej , Mackey Michael C.
Published: March 2012

This book shows how densities arise in simple deterministic systems. There has been explosive growth in interest in physical, biological and economic systems that can be profitably studied using densities. Due to the inaccessibility of the mathematical literature there has been little diffusion of the applicable mathematics into the study of these 'chaotic' systems. This book will help to bridge that gap. The authors give a unified treatment of a variety of mathematical systems generating densities, ranging from one-dimensional discrete time transformations through continuous time systems described by integro-partial differential equations. They have drawn examples from many scientific fields to illustrate the utility of the techniques presented. The book assumes a knowledge of advanced calculus and differential equations, but basic concepts from measure theory, ergodic theory, the geometry of manifolds, partial differential equations, probability theory and Markov processes, and stochastic integrals and differential equations are introduced as needed.
The Journal of a Mission to the Interior of Africa, in the Year 1805
Authors: Park Mungo
Published: March 2012

Mungo Park was the original lone explorer of West Africa. The first European to reach the Niger, record its flow direction and return alive, he was considered a hero on his return. He died during his second exploration attempt inland along the Niger to discover the city of Timbuktu. Published posthumously in 1815 by the African Institution, which had sponsored his journey, a biography, personal letters and the account of the rescue team sent to discover his fate accompany Park's own journal of the expedition. The journals and letters are a fascinating description of the constant dangers and thrill of the age of exploration. Battling adverse weather, local hostility, tropical diseases and the death of nearly all his party including his brother-in-law, Park writes 'I would still persevere; and if I could not succeed in the object of my journey, I would at least die on the Niger.'
Callimachus in Context
Authors: Acosta-Hughes Benjamin , Stephens Susan A.
Published: March 2012

Scholarly reception has bequeathed two Callimachuses: the Roman version is a poet of elegant non-heroic poetry (usually erotic elegy), represented by a handful of intertexts with a recurring set of images - slender Muse, instructing divinity, small voice, pure waters; the Greek version emphasizes a learned scholar who includes literary criticism within his poetry, an encomiast of the Ptolemies, a poet of the book whose narratives are often understood as metapoetic. This study aims to situate these Callimachuses within a series of interlocking historical and intellectual contexts in order better to understand how they arose. In this narrative of his poetics and poetic reception four main sources of creative opportunism are identified: Callimachus' reactions to philosophers and literary critics as arbiters of poetic authority, the potential of the text as a venue for performance, awareness of Alexandria as a new place, and finally, his attraction for Roman poets.
London Past and Present
Authors: Wheatley Henry Benjamin , Cunningham Peter
Published: March 2012

The bibliographer and editor Henry Benjamin Wheatley (1838–1917) produced a prodigious number of books and articles on a wide range of topics, literary, historical, bibliographical and artistic. He worked for many years for the Royal Society and the Royal Society of Arts, was a founder member of the Library Association, and produced an edition of Pepys' diary which was not superseded until the 1970s. London Past and Present was published in 1891, expanding and updating Peter Cunningham's Handbook of London of 1849. It is a three-volume topographical and historical dictionary of London places and landmarks, and the people who lived there. Based on historical, literary and architectural sources, it reveals many fascinating details as it traces the development of the metropolis from medieval times to the time of writing. Nineteenth-century London was experiencing rapid change, and this work preserves the memory of many buildings now lost.
Data and Evidence in Linguistics
Authors: Kertész András , Rákosi Csilla
Published: March 2012

The question of what types of data and evidence can be used is one of the most important topics in linguistics. This book is the first to comprehensively present the methodological problems associated with linguistic data and evidence. Its originality is twofold. First, the authors' approach accounts for a series of unexplained characteristics of linguistic theorising: the uncertainty and diversity of data, the role of evidence in the evaluation of hypotheses, the problem solving strategies as well as the emergence and resolution of inconsistencies. Second, the findings are obtained by the application of a new model of plausible argumentation which is also of relevance from a general argumentation theoretical point of view. All concepts and theses are systematically introduced and illustrated by a number of examples from different linguistic theories, and a detailed case-study section shows how the proposed model can be applied to specific linguistic problems.
The Geology and Extinct Volcanos of Central France
Authors: Scrope George Poulett
Published: March 2012

George Poulett Scrope (1797–1876) was a British geologist who studied at Cambridge, where his teachers included Adam Sedgwick, and who became a close colleague of Charles Lyell. As an undergraduate he developed a lifelong fascination with volcanos, inspired by visits to Vesuvius and Etna. After graduating in 1821 he spent six months exploring extinct volcanos of the Massif Central in France, and he returned to Naples to witness the 1822 eruption of Vesuvius. In 1825 he published Considerations on Volcanos (also reissued in this series), and in 1826 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. His pioneering work on France was originally published in 1827 as Memoir on the Geology of Central France and later revised for the 1858 edition reissued here. It contains detailed descriptions and illustrations of volcanos, and argues that the concept of geological time is important for the understanding of mineralogy and volcanism.