bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA JAWA PADA KALANGAN REMAJA DI DESA MOPUYA SELATAN KECAMATAN DUMOGA UTARA KABUPATEN BOLAANG MONGONDOW
Authors: Rahmawati Putri
Published: August 2023

Tujuanpenelitianiniyaituuntukmendeskripsikanpematuhandan pelanggaranprinsip-prinsipkesantunanberbahasaJawa pada kalanganremaja di DesaMopuya Selatan, KecamatanDumoga Utara, KabupatenBolaangMongondowdalamberkomunikasi.Penelitianinimenggunakanpenelitiankualitatifdeskriptif. Penelitianinidifokuskan pada prinsip-prinsipkesantunanmenurut Geoffrey Leech,prinsip-prinsipkesantunanitumemilikienammaksim, yaknimaksimkebijaksanaan (tact maxim), maksimkemurahan, (generosity maxim), maksimpenerimaan (aprobation maxim) maksimkerendahanhati (modesty maxim), maksimkecocokan (agreeement maxim), dan maksimkesimpatian(simpaticy maxim).Penelitianinimengambilobjekremajayang terdapat di DesaMopuya Selatan, KecamatanDumoga Utara, KabupatenBolaangMongondow. Teknik pengumpulan data berupateknikwawancara, dokumentasi dan simak. Teknik analisis data menggunakantigacarayaitureduksi data, penyajian data dan menarikkesimpulanatauverifikasi. AdapunwujudpematuhanberbahasaJawa pada kalanganremajaterdiridarimaksimkebijaksanaan, maksimpenerimaan, maksimkemurahan, maksimkerendahanhati, maksimkecocokan dan maksimkesimpatian. SedangkanpelanggarankesantunanberbahasaJawameliputimaksimpenerimaan, maksimkerendahanhati dan maksimkesimpatian. AdapunbahasaJawa yang paling dominandigunakan oleh remaja di desaMopuya Selatan adalahbahasaJawaragamngoko.
THE EFFECT OF CHORAL READING STRATEGY ON TEACHING STUDENTS READING COMPREHENSION
Authors: Sulung Yohanis Yafet , Palengkahu Noldy , Tuerah Ignatius Javier
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine the reading comprehension of SMP BEREA Tondano eighth-grade students who use the choral reading approach, as well as the reading comprehension of SMP BEREA Tondano second-grade students who do not use the choral reading technique. Those who are taught using a choral reading technique have superior reading comprehension than those who are taught using a non-choral reading strategy. The research method is experimental, with one experimental and control class using the pre-test and post-test procedure. The population for this study is 20 students from the second class of SMP BEREA Tondano in the year 2020. The findings of this study suggest that students who employ the choral reading approach get higher reading comprehension scores than those who do not.

Keywords   : Choral reading, experiment, reading, comprehension, EFL
OPTIMIZING STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXT THROUGH E-LEARNING METHOD WITH WHATSAPP APPLICATION
Authors: Tangiduk Yustira Kharlina , Samola Nurmin , Rorimpandey Rinny
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine whether the E-learning method can be effective in optimizing students' reading comprehension of descriptive text with WhatsApp Application. This research was conducted in class X MIA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Buko in the academic year of 2020/2021. This study used one group-pretest-postest design of research with the data analysis were the frequency distribution of scores, mean and standard deviation. The questions from the pretest and posttest used the type of multiple choice questions with questions about the descriptive text. From this result, it was found that the mean of posttest Y = 7.8 with standard deviation Sy = 0.79 was higher than mean score at pretest X = 5.33 with standard deviation Sx = 0.89. It means that students' reading comprehension in descriptive text was higher after treatment at posttest than pretest. So the researcher concluded that the application of the E-learning method through WhatsApp application was effective in optimizing students' reading comprehension of descriptive text.

 

Keywords: Optimizing, Descriptive Text, E-learning Method.
CHARACTER EDUCATION AS REVEALED IN THE MOVIE FREEDOM WRITERS DIRECTED BY RICHARD LAGRAVENSE
Authors: Sarajar Okclassiya Mega , Maru Mister Gidion , Posumah Jenie
Published: August 2023

This research aimed to identify or found the value of character education revealed in the movie “Freedom Writers” directed by Richard Lagravense. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method and uses content analysis to analyze the data. The sources of data are taken from the movie “Freedom Writers” directed by Richard Lagravense and other documents such as journals, books, or articles related to the research from the analysis of the movie there is a value of honesty as a learning behavior in an effort to make someone trustworthy even in words, actions, and work. Tolerance refers to mutual respect for one another. The value of curiosity shows how they know more about something. The creative value is about having new ideas to achieve new things and the peace-loving value described attitudes and actions that are useful in social peace and mutual respect. The values ​​of honesty, tolerance, curiosity, creativity, and peace-loving are reflected in the students. Through the attitude of a teacher named Erin Gruwell, she can change the way students think from not looking at and gang violence, looking at religion, race, ethnicity, region border and looking at color differences because with her fortitude, she guides the characterless students to become a good character and want to achieve their future. It can be concluded that watching the movie “Freedom Writers” directed by Richard Lagravense can increase the character education of students.
HYPOCRISY IN NARAYAN’S THE GUIDE
Authors: Wantah Frendly N. W , Mogea Tini , Rorintulus Olga
Published: August 2023

This study is conducted to reveal the hypocrisy and explain its causes and effects as seen in Narayan’s The Guide. The writers delimit this study on revealing hypocrisy in the novel itself. Particularly, this study delimit to hypocritical actions and words of  Raju as experienced throughout the story. In carrying out this research, the data are got from the novel by Narayan entitled The Guide as primary source and also supported by other relevant references such as books, documents and web sources about hypocrisy are considered as secondary. In doing the data analysis, the researchers use objective approach and show about the hypocrisy and its causes and effects in the novel.  The result shows that a hypocrite is a person who is illustrated as someone who has no principles and is inconsistent. They have in mind how they can benefit from what they are doing. Raju when talking to people always confirms what he says. He always covers his character by always being polite and even exaggerated at times. He always had a sweet mouth and sometimes pretended to support what people said. It is often easy to praise anyone. The causes of Raju’s hypocrisy is targeting material profit and obtaining self-pleasure. The impact of Raju’s  hypocrisy  is the decrease of moral.
MUSIK GEREJA DALAM PERIBADATAN GEREJA PANTEKOSTA BUKIT SION BINTARA JAYA
Authors: Sinaulan Vernando , Kaunang Meyny , Dumais Franklin
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang musik dalam peribadatan di Gereja PantekostaDalam studi ini, musik yang dimaksud ialah bagaimana pemusik bisa memainkan perananya dalam memaikan musik dalam ibadah, terutama di Gereja Pantekosta Bukit Sion Bitara Jaya. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hal-hal diatas, maka dengan ini peneliti mengambil kesimpulan bahwa musik dalam peribadatan di Gereja Pantekosta Bukit Sion Bintara Jaya adalah sangat berperan penting yaitu sebagai suatu bentuk pemahaman musik rohani pada masa kini yang merujuk pada terminology kata yang berarti sedang menunjukkan trend yang menanjak atau kekini-kinian.
PERSEPSI MAHASISWA PADA PERKULIAHAN DARING DI PRODI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA JEPANG FBS UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MANADO
Authors: Lensun Sherly F , Ratu Donal M
Published: August 2023

Perkuliahan online atau yang biasa disebut daring merupakan salah satu bentuk pemanfaatan internet yang dapat meningkatkan peran mahasiswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Analisis deskriptif pada penelitian ini mengkaji persepsi mahasiswa Prodi Pend. Bahasa Jepang FBS UNIMA mengenai model pembelajaran daring terkait pemanfaatan media, gaya belajar, dan jenis komunikasi tertentu yang digemari mahasiswa untuk membantu mereka menghasilkan output yang lebih baik dari kegiatan belajar mengajar secara daring. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 165 mahasiswa Prodi Pend. Bahasa Jepang FBS UNIMA yang telah terlibat dalam pembelajaran daring selama masa karantina Covid-19. Hasilnya didapatkan bahwa media pembelajaran daring yang paling digemari ialah whatsapp dan Google Classroom. Sebesar 53% dari mahasiswa Prodi Pend. Bahasa Jepang FBS UNIMA sudah mengenal berbagai media pembelajaran daring tersebut sebelum perkuliahan daring dimulai. Selain itu, pola komunikasi yang paling diminati oleh mahasiswa ialah pola semi dua arah. Diperlukan adanya penelitian lebih lanjut terhadap penelitian pembelajaran daring dengan berbasis masalah, kolaboratif, dan model lainnya.
AKUSTIK ORGANOLOGICONTRA BASS DALAM MUSIK ORKES “DALO SU RUATA” DI PULAU BUHIAS KABUPATEN SITARO
Authors: Kaunang Meyny S. C. , Lahansang Regina Gretly Nadia
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang bagaimana struktur organologi dan teknik permainan Contra Bass dalam Musik Orkes “Dalo Su Ruata”.Hal ini dikarenakan Akustik Organologi Contra Bass dalam Musik Orkes “Dalo Su Ruata” merupakan jenis alat musik idiofon (badannya merupakan sumber bunyinya). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan beberapa pendekatan antara lain, pendekatan psikologis, dan pendekatan musikologi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Dalam melakukan penelitian ini, peniliti juga menggunakan beberapa teori untuk meningkatkan pemahaman tentang penelitian akustik organologi dari alat musik Contra Bass, salah satunya teori musik dari Pono Banoe. Hasil penelitian yang penulis dapatkan adalah akustik organologi dari Contra Bass dibuat menggunakan kayu kenanga yang kuat dan keras dalam bahasa siau disebut Kalu Dihango. Contra Bass memiliki 1 buah pemukul. Serta cara memainkan dari Contra Bass dalam musik orkes “Dalo Su Ruata” berbeda dengan Contra Bass pada alat musik yang lain.
THE ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN CHARACTER'S QUARTER-LIFE CRISIS FROM THE MOVIE "SOUL" BY PETE DOCTER
Authors: Sumampouw Rianna Jona
Published: August 2023

The Analysis of the Main Character’s Quarter-Life Crisis from the Movie “Soul” by Pete Docter  Rianna Jona Sumampouw Elisabet Natalia Umbas  Abstract The presence of the film "Soul" by Pete Docter has been momentous for the portrayal of the quarter life crisis. Disney Pixar definitely had an impact on the perceptions of those who had gone through that phase. The purpose of this study is to dig deeper into how we can understand what Pete Docter wants to convey a message of not only achieving one’s dream but also feeling you lost a part of yourself. Besides that, it also demonstrates how humans tend to forget the good people that helped them achieved their dream resulting them in being selfish and visualizes an interesting way of quarter life crisis that could clear up some doubts of the afterlife. It will shed light on the science and reasons behind such influence in their personal lives and determine how they view the characters who are facing a quarter life crisis. In turn, conceptualizing the level of care in understanding characters will help gain a better understanding of how the film industry can work and the role it plays in sending messages to its audiences is beneficial. In doing this research, the researcher used qualitative method and collected the data by watching the movie “Soul” to analyze the main character’s quarter-life crisis. Some of the data has been taken from internet and books. Based on the analysis in the previous chapter, the researcher would like to conclude on how to solve the quarter life crisis from the hit Pixar movie “Soul” by Pete Docter. The exploration and development of Joe's character did not feel forced because Joe is portrayed as an ordinary man who is learning to live, the audience can most definitely relate to this experience. The story that focuses on Joe’s character who is depicted as flat has an interesting balance as the character named 22 adds a bit of flavor to the storyline, giving it a contradictory flavor. The characters Joe Gardner and 22 offer important advice to those who are still confused on their purpose of life. In addition, the director and scriptwriter Peter Docter seemed to want to invite the audience to participate in questioning the purpose of life through scene by scene. It may seem simple, but it's actually very meaningful
THE PERSONALITY STRUCTURE OF CHARACTERS IN THE ROMAN THÉRÈSE RAQUIN BY ÉMILE ZOLA (A PSYCOANALYSIS STUDY)
Authors: Luntungan Grace Shirley , Mirthe Helena , Lasut Conny Renny
Published: August 2023

The subject of this research is the novel Thérèse Raquin by Émile Zola published by Librairie Generale Francaise – Les Classiques D'aujourd'hui N° 34, November 3, 1971. The main object of this research is (1) the personality structure in the main character and auxiliary characters. Additional research objects are (2) related intrinsic elements (such as characters, characterizations and themes) to affirm research results. The approach used in this research is a psychological approach with Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, and the research method used is descriptive-qualitative research method. This study aims to describe the personality structure of the main and auxiliary characters in the novel Thérèse Raquin by Émile Zola by using psychoanalytic theory in Sigmund Freud's literary work. The results of this research from the psychological analysis of the main character and auxiliary characters, it was found that (1) the personality of the superego in Thérèse as the main character is more dominant than the ego and id. While the overall personality of id in Laurent's as auxiliary character is more dominant than his ego and superego. Thérèse's character is depicted as a submissive and passive woman, while Laurent's character is portrayed as the opposite. (2) The major theme in this novel is infidelity, and the minor theme is murder.
UNSUR-UNSUR PENGHIDUP DAN TEKNIK PENERAPANNYA DALAM PROSES ANIMASI DAN PENGEKSPRESIAN PADUAN SUARA
Authors: Rantung Rizky Jonathan , Rumengan Perry , Dumais Franklin
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study is to find out how to turn on a choir using Qualitative methods with Approaches to Musicology, Psychology, and Communication. Data collection is done through library research, literature collecting, and reading sources to obtain basic knowledge about the object of research. These sources can be in the form of books, journals, articles, theses, and interviews. Choir is a type of musical composition with human voice instruments, which in the process of making the composition, the composer takes into account the color of the voice, the ability to reach both high and low speed, power volume and balance, and blending, as well as Dixie clarity. The main problem at this time is there are still many conductors and even choir trainers who do not understand the elements of life and how to apply/apply animation and expression techniques in the choir because there are still many trainers and even conductors who only rely on Youtube and do not yet exist scientific writing on the Living Elements and their application techniques in the process of Animation and Choir Expression. Therefore, I hope this article can help the coaches and even the choir conductors, especially those in North Sulawesi
Impact of patriarchy on a woman's life: A Study on the Life of Nora in Hendrik Ibsen's A Doll House
Authors: Prasetiani Siti Fatimah , Wuntu Ceisy , Lolowang Imelda
Published: August 2023

This research is intended to reveal the impact of patriarchy in Hendrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House. In conducting this research, the researchers use qualitative method. The data are collected in the forms of word, and need the researchers’ active participation and also the deep analysis of the research. The researchers use Marxist feminist that considers describing women’s basic material weakness and women’s statues and class on the family. The researchers also use the three structures of patriarchy by Walby to classify the data. The first result is the impact of patriarchy in economic control. Second result is the impact of patriarchy in culture structure such as woman subordination and gender stereotype, and the third results is the impact of patriarchy in violence such as Violation of Women’s right and Verbal violence.
USE OF GENERATIVE LEARNING STRATEGY TO IMPROVE STUDENTS' WRITING SKILL IN DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
Authors: Agusmaliani Agusmaliani , Rombepajung Paula , Kumayas Tirza A.
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study is to determine whether or not there is an effect on the use of generative learning strategy to improve students’ writing skill in descriptive texts at grade eight of SMP N 6 Tondano. This study involves 30 students consisting 15 students in experimental group and 15 students in control group. This study uses a quantitative research design which is a quasi-experimental research. Data collecting is done by giving a test to write a descriptive text with pre-test and post-test, by students’ in two groups. The mean score of experimental group is 17.73 and  control group was 9.6. The data are analyzed using the t-test formula, the results is 5.055. The degrees of freedom is 28 were competency interval 0.05 (95%) is 2.048 and 0,01 (99%) is 2.763. Based on the result, it can be concluded that students’ skill in writing descriptive texts using generative learning increases, but does not increase significantly because from the post-test results on experimental group there are no students’ who are able to achieve score above the KKM. So, the researchers suggest that generative learning strategy should be replaced with other learning strategy.
ANALYSIS OF SIMILE IN TAYLOR SWIFT’S SONGS
Authors: Tulung Maria Rahelia , Maru Mister Gidion , Kumayas Tirza
Published: August 2023

This study aims at describing simile in Taylor Swift Songs. It is conducted to identify the types, the function and the contextual meaning of simile used in Taylor Swift’s Songs. In conducting this research, qualitative analysis is used. The data are analyzed through the steps of data reduction, data display, conclusion and verification as proposed by Miles & Huberman (2007). The instrument of collecting the data is the researchers themselves as the key instrument. The findings of this research show that there are two types of similes used in Taylor Swift’s Songs those are open and closed simile. Simile allows readers to relate the feelings of the author to their personal experiences. The similes are used to make the song more imaginable and meaningful. The most important function of simile is to draw sharp pictures in the mind through comparisons, to give deeper insight into things, person, and ideas trough suggestive association, or to explain abstract, complicated ideas in simple concrete imagery. It’s better to use as it should be so the people will not be offended but should make comfortable sense.  In using simile, we need to consider with the situation and context. The contextual meaning is the meaning of the words according to the situation in which they are used.
SUPERIORITY COMPLEX IN JANE AUSTEN’S EMMA
Authors: Mila Agnes , Maru Mister Gidion , Kumayas Tirza A.
Published: August 2023

The aim of this research is to reveal Emma’s superiority complex in Jane Austen’s Emma. In conducting this research, the method used is qualitative. The main source of this research is the novel itself. The second sources are based on books, the internet, and articles to support the writers in conducting this study. In analyzing the data, the researchers use psychoanalysis theory. The result shows that the superiority complex is the one psychological disorder where the main character, Emma, feels superior compared to other characters. This attitude should not be allowed to develop because it can break other people's character. There is nothing indication of psychological or social changed. Emma is lavishly praised by her father and governess, that prevent her from realizing her flaws and ill prepared her for life in the real world. Emma's background is unclear, and she doesn't learn anything about herself. Emma's marriage is not a true match founded only on shared sentiments of love.
AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENT’S MOTIVATION IN LEARNING ENGLISH
Authors: Umpung Jervino Miraycle Daniel , Liando Nihta V. F. , Andries Fivy
Published: August 2023

Motivation is one of the keys to get achievement in learning. This study is designed to analyze students’ motivation in learning English. Specifically, this study focuses on finding out whether the students’ motivation is either integrative or instrumental. This study is conducted in the framework of mixed-method research in which the researcher used both qualitative and quantitative methods. SMP Berea Tondano is the location where the research is carried out. The data sources of this research are all the students at SMP Berea Tondano who lived at Etty Orphanage. To collect the data, the researchers uses a questionnaire consisting of 10 questions where 5 statements are to measure students’ integrative motivation and 5 questions for measuring their instrumental motivation. The data obtained are analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The findings reveal that the students have both integrative and instrumental motivation in learning English. This study further shows that students’ integrative motivation (with a mean score of 3.96) is higher than their instrumental motivation (with a mean score of 3.87). Motivation is an important part of the learning process. Because it affects the students’ attitudes, morals, and achievement in learning not just English but all the other subject.
DEVIANCE REFLECTED IN AGATHA CHRISTIE’S CROOKED HOUSE
Authors: Sumual Trivosa , Mogea Tini , Posumah Jenie
Published: August 2023

The aim of this research is to reveal about the deviance of Josephine and its impact that reflected in Agatha Christie’s Crooked House. This research is classified as a qualitative research because the data are taken only in the form of words as well as the quotations. The data sources are taken from the novel itself and supported by other books, dictionary, journals and other references from the internet as the secondary sources. In term of the analysis, the researchers use psychological approach because it is very close with human life, such as feelings, thoughts, and desires. The result of this study shows that there are acts of deviance done by Josephine and it has big impacts. Josephine is planned and killed her family members; she is even willing to hurt herself as an alibi. It happens because of the id of Josephine, the desires to take revenge without thinking about the consequences and the relationship between the perpetrator and the victims that should be satisfied. The impacts of the deviance Josephine done was the left people are living in fear and afraid of being the next target. It is ruining the whole family and also it will effect to their mental health.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DISCOVERY LEARNING ON THE MUSIC ARTS SUBJECT AT SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Lamansiang Riski T. R. , Hartati R.A.Dinar Sri , Kaunang Meyny
Published: August 2023

The challenge addressed by this research is how to integrate the Discovery Learning framework for teaching music arts into conventional classroom settings. This study used a descriptive qualitative research strategy and SMA Katolik Karitas Tomohon is the research location. Lucky Mongi S.Pd., a music art teacher at SMA Katolik Karitas Tomohon for the last decade, and the students of his Music arts class were the subject of this research. After analyzing information gathered via observation, interviews, and written records, the usefulness of the learning model Discovery Learning is clear. The music instructor at SMA Katolik Karitas Tomohon, grade XA, has adopted the appropriate stages from the Discovery Learning curriculum to pique the pupils' curiosity about the topic at hand: the form and value of musical notes. In order to make the learning process more meaningful and to make students comfortable and not bored during the teaching and learning process, researchers found that most students are actively involved in asking questions about the material delivered by music teachers in the process of teaching and learning activities in class. The result is that the learning strategy used at SMA Katolik Karitas Tomohon to facilitate the study of music is appropriate.
Style and Substance: Help teachers create the classroom of their dreams
Authors: Keppler Samantha
Published: August 2023

It was the end of the school day, and I was tired. I grabbed a stack of about 130 equation worksheets to grade on the train ride home and picked up the dry-erase markers (that I bought myself) and put them in my purse. I’d bring the pens back in the morning, but I didn’t want to risk someone taking them after I left for the day.
Statistics: Forest Seeds and Plants in the Nordic Region – Version 2023
Authors:   The Nordic Genetic Resource Center (NordGen), Solvin Thomas , Sundheim Fløistad Inger
Published: August 2023

The Nordic Genetic Resource Center (NordGen) is the joint genebank and knowledge center for genetic resources in the Nordic countries. Our mission is to conserve and promote the sustainable use of genetic diversity among animals, forests and plants that are important for Nordic agriculture and forestry. “Statistics: Forest Seeds and Plants in the Nordic Region – Version 2023” is the second edition in a biennial statistics report on forest seed and plant material in the Nordic countries. The first edition was published in 2021. This edition has been expanded by including more statistics and more species than the first report, as well as including more recent data from the years 2020 and 2021. The report compiles statistics and reports contributed by representatives of each country in the NordGen Forest Regeneration Council.
АБАЙ ШЫҒАРМАШЫЛЫҒЫНДАҒЫ ЖАЛПЫДАМЗАТТЫҚ ҚҰНДЫЛЫҚТАР ЖӘНЕ «КЕМЕЛ ҰЛТ» ТҰЖЫРЫМДАМАСЫ
Authors: Мағазбеков Н.Ж. , Қалиева А.К. , Әубәкір Ж.М.
Published: August 2023

Абайтану – отандық әдебиеттанудағы шексіз, шетсіз сала. Мұны кейінгі жылдары жүргізілген түрлі пәндер мен салалар аясындағы жаңашыл зерттеулер де айқындайды. Ақын мұрасын қазіргі таңда әр қырынан, жаңаша тұрғыда зерттеу ісі қолға алынып келеді. Абай Құнанбайұлы шығармашылығында қарастырылатын әр ұғым мен түсінік әр кезеңде өзінің өзектілігін, маңызын жойған емес. Себебі адамзат бойындағы қасиеттер мен ерекшеліктерді, мінез тақырыбын ақын философиялық тұрғыдан қарастырды. Бұл мақалада Абай Құнанбайұлы мұрасының өзекті жақтары қарастырылды. Ақын толғамдары мен пайымдаулары нәтижесінде «Кемел ұлт» тұжырымдамасының негіздері айқындалып, құндылықтар жүйесі зерттелді. Сонымен қатар ақынның шығармаларындағы қоғам бейнесі, адамдар мінезі, топтық портреттер жүйесі нақты мысалдар негізінде жүйеленіп берілді. Сонымен қатар аталған зерттеулер негізінде «Кемел ұлт» тұжырымдасының перспективасы, Абай шығармаларындағы ұлттық және жалпыадамзаттық құндылықтар жүйесі, Абай танымындағы ұлттық мінез типологиясы секілді өзекті тақырыптар талданып, ұлт мінезін түзеу, рухани кемелдендіру мұратының мәні, қыры айқындалады. Қазіргі уақытқа дейін Абайдың көптеген өлеңдері, қара сөздері зерттелді. Ғылыми еңбектер, мақалалар жарық көріп, әр қырынан талданды. Дегенмен Абай белгілі бір кезең зерттеліп, жауып қоятын тақырып емес. Ақын мұрасы әр кезең сайын, қайта зерделеп, зерттеп, жаңаша қырынан ашылатын өміршең тақырып болып қала бермек.
ҚАЗІРГІ ПОЭЗИЯДАҒЫ РЕЦЕПТИВТІК ЭСТЕТИКА
Authors: Хуатбекұлы Е. , Құрманбаева А.П.
Published: August 2023

Мақалада көрнекті ақын, Мемлекеттік сыйлықтың иегері Е.Раушановтың өлеңдері зерттеу объектісі ретінде қарастырылды. Ақынның бұрын әдебиеттануда жиі айтылмаған шығармаларын талдау арқылы көркемдік деңгейін жаңа қырынан ашу зерттеудің негізгі мақсаты болды. Бүгінгі таңда әдебиетке иек артқан әр жас буын Есенғали шығармасын жата-жастана оқитыны белгілі. Бұның сыры неде деген сұрақтың жауабына үңіліп, ақынның пәлсапалық ойлары мен өлең иірімдеріне кеңінен тоқталдық. Өлеңнің көркемдік қуатын ашуда тарихи-салыстырмалы, функционалды әдістер қолданылды.  Ақынның мерзімді басылымдарда жарық көрген мақалалары мен өмірінің соңғы жылдары жазылған өлеңдері зерттеудің негізгі объектісі болды. Ел ішіндегі саяси оқиғалар ақын қабылдауындағы әсер мен шынайы өмір бейнесі параллель сипатталып, өзге де авторлардың шығармаларымен салыстырмалы талдаулар жүргізілді. Еліміз тәуелсіздік алғаннан бергі әр қилы оқиғалар мен бірқатар танымал саясаткерлерді шығармасына арқау еткен Е.Раушановтың поэзиясындағы замана бейнесі мен Алтынбек, Заманбек образдарын ашудағы көркемдік тәсілдеріне саралау жүргізілді. ХІХ ғасырда қазақ тарихында елеулі тұлғалардың бірі болған Мұхамед-Салық Бабажановтың бейнесі сомдалған «Сарыөзен» поэмасындағы тарихи шындық пен көркемдік шешім жіті талданды.
Relación entre las características de las plantas y la composición de la comunidad de insectos en cultivos de la milpa
Authors: Ruiz-Santiago Roberto Rafael , Ruiz-Sánchez Esau , Ballina-Gómez Horacio Salomón
Published: August 2023

Introducción. La relación entre las plantas y los insectos es un tema determinante para la productividad de plantas en la vegetación natural y cultivada, por esta razón es importante predecir y evaluar los cambios en los rasgos y características ontogenéticas de las plantas y su impacto en las interacciones ecológicas con la comunidad insectos (Stenberg et al., 2015). Objetivo. Analizar los rasgos morfológicos que determinan las estrategias de interacción con la comunidad de insectos en poblaciones criollas de frijol lima (Phaseolus lunatus L.) y maíz (Zea mays L.) de la península de Yucatán. Métodos. Se recolectó en campo información sobre los rasgos fenotípicos de las poblaciones criollas y la composición de la comunidad de familias de insectos. Se evaluó la relación de los rasgos morfológicos de las plantas y las comunidades de insectos. En adición, se analizó la estructura de la población de insectos en la etapa de crecimiento vegetativo y reproductivo (riqueza, abundancia y equitatividad) a través de curvas de rango abundancia de Whittaker y patrones de red. Resultados y discusión. En el caso de frijol lima, las variables de mayor asociación fueron: los rasgos de colores, las familias de insectos y los gremios de insectos (r = 0.76). En cuanto al maíz, los patrones de red fueron diferentes entre poblaciones criollas mostrando patrones significativos de red [ANHINADO p = 0.001 y NODF p = 0.001] (Boege y Marquis, 2005). De esta manera se pueden desarrollar estrategias con implicaciones importantes en la sostenibilidad de los sistemas agroecológicos (Khush, 2001). Conclusiones. Los rasgos morfológicos mostraron implicaciones importantes en la conformación de la comunidad de insectos en ambos cultivos. Este estudio contribuye al entendimiento de diversos grupos de insectos y su rol ecológico en los cultivos.
Tecnología alternativa al glifosato para el control de maleza en limón mexicano
Authors: Orozco Santos Mario , García Mariscal Karina de la Paz
Published: August 2023

Introducción. En la región del trópico seco de México, la maleza representa un serio problema en huertos de limón mexicano (Citrus aurantifolia), principalmente en plantaciones recién establecidas, ya que el crecimiento de este frutal es lento en comparación al de la maleza (Orozco-Santos y Farías-Larios, 2014). Objetivos. i) Contar con alternativas diferentes al glifosato para el control de maleza asociada al cultivo de limón mexicano, ii) Estimar el costo anual y el costo-beneficio entre sistema convencional (glifosato) y nueva tecnología. Métodos. El estudio se realizó en un huerto de limón mexicano variedad Colimex, se validó la aplicación de una mezcla de herbicidas preemergente y postemergente (paraquat (400 g i.a./ha) + indaziflam (100 g i.a./ha) en comparación al sistema tradicional de suelo desnudo y empleo de glifosato (Orozco-Santos y García-Mariscal, 2021). Resultados y discusión. El manejo integrado del uso de acolchados plásticos y la mezcla de herbicidas preemergente combinado con un herbicida postemergente (paraquat+indaziflam) permite obtener un control adecuado de maleza, reduciendo el número de aplicaciones y por consecuencia disminuye los costos de producción. El costo total de la tecnología para el control de maleza es de $1 831.00/ha, que consiste en una aplicación de herbicidas y surfactante ($1 581.00) y el pago de jornal ($250.00). El sistema tradicional tiene un costo de $3 342.00/ha (Orozco-Santos et al., 2021), producto de seis aplicaciones de glifosato (726 g i.a/ha) que considera $1 842.00 del herbicida y surfactante más $1 500.00 de seis jornales. Conclusiones. Con esta tecnología se tendrá un control eficiente de maleza durante seis meses, se reduce en un 83% la mano de obra y en un 45% el costo de productos químicos (herbicida + surfactante) con relación al sistema tradicional.
Densidad poblacional e índices de diversidad de malezas en el cultivo de trigo bajo dos tipos de siembra
Authors: González Ruiz Andrés , López Urquidez Guadalupe Alfonso , Ail Catzim Carlos Enrique , López Orona Carlos Alfonso , Medina López Raymundo , Estrada Acosta Mitzi Dayanira
Published: August 2023

Introducción. El trigo es uno de los cultivos económicamente importantes para la región de Mexicali, Baja California, ocupando una superficie de 36 536.24 ha, con un rendimiento de 6.14 t/ha (SIAP, 2021). La maleza en dicho cultivo representa un factor crítico en su producción (Alshallash, 2018). Objetivo. Determinar la densidad poblacional e índices de diversidad de maleza en dos tipos de siembra en trigo. Métodos. Se evaluaron dos tratamientos: siembra en plano y en camas de 0.80 m de ancho bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar, con tres repeticiones por tipo de siembra. Se identificó y contabilizó el número de plantas (malezas) por metro cuadrado a los 22 días de la emergencia del trigo (Burril et al., 1977) y se analizó con una prueba de t-Student al 0.05, además se determinó los índices de diversidad de Margalef y Shanon-Weiner (Moreno-Preciado y Balaguera-López, 2021). Resultados y discusión. La densidad poblacional de las especies P. minor y R. crispus con 394.33 (p˃0.0009) y 478.43 plantas/m (p˃0.0284), respectivamente, fueron significativamente mayores en siembra en plano en comparación con siembra en camas, indicando que el tipo de siembra tiene un efecto sobre el control de estas malezas. En cuanto al índice de diversidad Margalef se presentaron valores de 0.9 y 1.0 para siembra en plano y en camas, respectivamente; estos resultados indican baja biodiversidad de especies, característico de áreas intervenidas por el hombre. Para el caso del índice Shanon-Weiner para las siembras en plano y en cama fueron de 1.2 y 1.3, respectivamente, confirmando la baja biodiversidad de especies en los dos tipos de preparación. Conclusión. Las especies de malezas que se encontraron con mayor abundancia fueron P. minor y R. crispus bajo siembra en plano. La diversidad de especies se consideró baja para ambos tipos de siembra.
Fusarium spp. causando la enfermedad de marchitez vascular en cultivo de Capsicum spp. en Sinaloa, México
Authors: González Castro Alfredo , López Orona Carlos Alfonso , López Urquidez Guadalupe Alfonso , Amarillas Bueno Luis
Published: August 2023

Introducción. El cultivo de chile (Capsicum spp.) en los últimos años es afectado seriamente por la enfermedad conocida como marchitez de la planta de chile y provocada por la presencia de hongos fitopatógenos entre los que destacan Fusarium spp. Objetivos. i) Conocer la variabilidad genética presente o predominante de Fusarium spp. en las distintas zonas del Valle de Sinaloa. ii) Realizar una caracterización morfológica de Fusarium spp. iii) Determinar la patogenicidad de aislamientos del género Fusarium spp. colectados en plantas del género Capsicum en el valle de Sinaloa. Métodos. Durante diciembre de 2019 y abril de 2020 se obtuvieron 200 aislamientos de tejidos vasculares de plantas de Capsicum spp. con síntomas de marchitez y amarillamiento en los municipios de Guasave (25° 34′ 28″ N, 108° 28′ 16″ O), Culiacán (24° 47’ 31” N, 107° 23’ 53” O), Mazatlán (23° 13′ 36″ N, 106° 24′ 29″ O) y Escuinapa (22° 31’ 46” N, 105° 27’ 09” O) en Sinaloa, México. Se realizaron pequeños cortes de las muestras y se desinfestaron superficialmente con hipoclorito de sodio al 2% y se transfirieron en medio de agar dextrosa de papa (PDA) con pentacloronitrobenceno (PCNB) y antibiótico. Las pruebas de patogenicidad se realizaron en plantas de Capsicum spp. de 45 días de edad cultivadas charolas de polietileno de 200 cavidades en un sustrato esterilizado en autoclave. Se inocularon 60 plantas empapándolas con 20 mL de una suspensión de conidios (1×105 UFC/mL) en una solución salina isotónica de cultivada en PDA. Sesenta plantas sin inocular sirvieron como control. Las plantas se mantuvieron durante 60 días en condiciones de invernadero (25 a 30 °C). El ensayo se realizó dos veces. Se observó pudrición de raíz y tallo similar a la observada en las plantas infectadas en el campo. No se observaron síntomas en las plantas de control sin inocular después de 60 días.  Resultados y discusión. El patógeno se volvió a aislar del tejido necrótico de todas las plantas inoculadas y se identificó como Fusarium falciforme, con la identificación morfológica, análisis genéticos y los ensayos de patogenicidad con ello se cumplieron los postulados de Koch. Este hongo se reporta como causante del marchitamiento del crisantemo en Vietnam (Thao et al., 2021). Conclusiones. Este es el primer reporte de Fusarium falciforme causando marchitez en la planta el cultivares de Capsicum annuum en México.
Determinación in vitro de la sensibilidad de aislados de Fusarium spp. a fungicidas químicos comerciales
Authors: Molina Cárdenas Lorena , López Orona Carlos Alfonso , Román Román Leonardo , Tirado Ramírez Martin Abraham , Vega Gutiérrez Tomas Aarón
Published: August 2023

Introducción. El control de organismos fitopatógenos del suelo es uno de los más difíciles, por ello se desarrollan prácticas culturales, control biológico y químico siendo este último el más utilizado y eficaz (Rubio et al., 2008). Objetivo. Evaluar in vitro la sensibilidad de aislados de Fusarium spp. a fungicidas químicos comerciales. Métodos. Se empleó la técnica de alimento envenenado propuesta por Dhingra y Sinclair (1985), se evaluaron los fungicidas comerciales Naria top (pyraclostrobin + dimetomorf) y Trenavil (clorotalonil), seleccionándose cuatro dosis (1, 10, 100 y 1 000 ppm), con base en lo descrito por Avenot y Michailides (2007). Con dos aislados de Fusarium spp. se utilizó un control sin fungicida. Se colocó un disco de 0.77 cm de diámetro que contenían los aislados de Fusarium spp. La valoración de la sensibilidad se determinó bajo la propuesta planteada por el FRAC (Fungicide Resistance Action Committee) (Anon, 1992), donde el cálculo se hace a partir del crecimiento relativo (CR). Los datos se analizaron de forma no paramétrica, realizando la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis y una comparación de medias con la prueba de Dunn (p≤0.05). Resultados y discusión. El fungicida Naria top no mostró diferencia significativa en las cuatro dosis evaluadas; sin embargo, con la dosis más alta de 1 000 ppm el porcentaje de inhibición fue 55.08%. En cambio, el fungicida Trenavil que es de contacto si presentó diferencia significativa entre la dosis de 1 y 1 000 ppm (41.47 y 58.78%, respectivamente), en cuanto al porcentaje de inhibición de Fusarium spp., los resultados fueron diferentes a lo reportado por Alburqueque y Gusqui (2018), quienes encontraron un porcentaje de inhibición de Fusarium oxysporum del 93.00% con el fungicida de contacto Clorotalonil. Conclusión. La mayor inhibición del micelio se obtuvo con la dosis de 1 000 ppm del fungicida Trenavil con 58.78%.
Interacción Pseudocercospora fijiensis con banano mediante el efector proteico PfAvr4
Authors: Islas-Flores Ignacio , Muñoz-Pérez Gilberto , Tzec-Simá Miguel , Canto-Canché Blondy
Published: August 2023

Introducción. Pseudocercospora fijiensis es un hongo filamentoso, causante de la enfermedad foliar llamada Sigatoka negra, la cual afecta a los bananos en todo el mundo (Arango et al., 2016). Hasta hoy, su control eficiente se basa en la aplicación de fungicidas de contacto y sistémicos. Este fitopatógeno interactúa con su hospedero mediante la secreción de efectores de tipo fitotoxinas no específicas y efectores proteicos; los últimos menos comprendidos. Objetivo. Caracterizar el efecto de PfAvr4 en plantas de banano susceptibles y resistentes a la Sigatoka negra. Métodos. Se utilizaron clonas de Escherichia coli conteniendo plásmidos ya sea con la región codificante del efector PfAvr4 inmaduro (PfAvr4inm) o del producto maduro (PfAvr4mad). De manera independiente, ambas regiones codificantes se subclonaron en el vector de expresión pLATE en E. coli y sus expresiones fueron inducidas con isopropil --1-thiogactopyranosido (IPTG); PfAvr4mad y PfAvr4inm fueron purificadas por cromatografía de afinidad en columnas His-Tag. Los polipéptidos fueron infiltrados en hojas de banano susceptible (Musa acuminata) y resistente (Musa acuminata ssp. burmannica), y su efecto sobre las hojas fue evaluado cada 24 horas, hasta las 96 horas. Resultados y discusión. Todos los tratamientos indujeron necrosis tanto en las hojas de las plantas susceptibles como resistentes a la Sigatoka negra, siendo más fuerte el efecto de PfAvr4mad. En los controles utilizados las áreas necróticas inducidas fueron más pequeñas, tanto en las plantas susceptibles como en las resistentes. Conclusión. El efector PfAvr4mad indujo una respuesta de hipersensibilidad en plantas de banano resistentes, pero también en las plantas susceptibles.
Problems and Suggested Strategies Found in The Special Audit of Internal Control Management in Universities
Authors: Bi Mudan
Published: August 2023

With the continuous development of higher education reform under the new situation, in order to continuously improve the modernization of the governance system and governance capabilities of colleges and universities, the audit department of colleges and universities attaches great importance to the internal management of school canteens. From the special audits on canteens in recent years, it is found that there are still internal control problems in the internal management of university canteens that need to be further standardized and improved in order to realize the scientific management of school canteens.
Strategies For Safety: A Mixed Method Study of Communication, Teamwork and Health Professional Attitudes When Implementing Multidisciplinary Simulation in The Emergency Department
Authors:   Course Coordinator, School of Nursing and Midwifery. The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia., Janz Katie , Russell Kylie ,   Peel Health Campus, 110 Lakes Road, Greenfields, Western Australia.
Published: August 2023

The Emergency Department (ED) team delivers care to critically unwell patients. Within this, there are a range of complexities and responsibilities identified. Technical skills can be taught in lectures and books; however, the newly evolving phenomenon of focusing on non-technical medical skills has advanced over time. Using non-technical skills, such as communication and human factors, can influence the team's functioning, which could potentially influence a positive outcome of a critical care event. This study explores whether multidisciplinary simulation training, focusing on non-technical skills, can improve participants’ communication and teamwork and if regular simulation practice can influence healthcare staff attitudes towards embedding a regular simulation program at a local site. A convergent mixed method approach was used to determine staff attitude towards a newly implemented simulation programin the hospital ED. Data was collected over six weeks. The quantitative component measured teamwork and communication with Guise’s validated and reliable tool, the Clinical Teamwork Scale (CTS). Further data using a developed evaluation survey provided participant feedback pre and post-simulation. Thirty-two participants, sixteen nurses and sixteen doctors, were surveyed. The results could suggest a trend of a positive outlook towards implementing a regular simulation practice. However, further analysis would be required. A common theme was participant confidence post-simulation practice and willingness to participate in future simulations. Baseline opinions from all participants were positive. The study has generated valuable insight towards staff attitudes toward MDT simulation in the ED setting. The evidence can further support the implementation of a regular simulation program.
On The Improving Of Routing Protocols In Ad-Hoc Network By Using Optimization Algorithms
Authors:   Computer Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babil, Iraq, Jubbori Taher Ahmed
Published: August 2023

In this paper, a novel improved method is presented to perform the local repair process of AntHocNet protocol. In the novel proposed method, in the case of failed connection, the node that checks the connection looks for the link that leads to node which follows the out-of-service node instead of the destination node. If it is existed, then the path will be repaired and completed quickly.
A Maverick Pressman: The Personal and Professional Life of Edgar Whitaker (1831-1903)
Authors: ÇAĞLAR Burhan
Published: August 2023

This study offers an exhaustive analysis of Edgar Whitaker, a pivotal figure in Ottoman journalism and one of the primary proprietors of The Levant Herald. The investigation traces Whitaker's path from London through India and eventually to the Ottoman Empire. While previous research has predominantly focused on his political clashes with the Hamidian regime and his diplomatic relations, this study endeavors to expand on the understanding of Whitaker, delving into aspects of his personal life, such as kinship bonds, social interactions, and marriage. Particular attention is given to his association with the Abbotts, exploring his family ties, friendships, and social life in Constantinople. Drawing upon primary sources, archival records, and periodicals, this research presents a wide-ranging perspective of Whitaker's life, illuminating his educational background, early career, and involvement in diverse social and cultural environments. Ultimately, this study enhances the nuanced understanding of Whitaker's personal and professional spheres, revealing his multifaceted achievements as a Levantine journalist and newspaper proprietor in the Ottoman Empire.