bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orientation Analysis of Cast and Blown Polyethylene Films
Authors: Chambon F. , Srinivas S.
Published: July 2017

Orientation and chain architecture play a dominant role in determining the mechanical properties of semi-crystalline polymers. Morphological features of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) films obtained from carefully controlled processing conditions are studied using a combination of WAXS, SAXS, TEM, AFM and birefringence. Analysis of crystalline orientation is studied in detail and differences found between polyethylenes produced with distinct catalyst types are pointed out. Orientation of the non-crystalline phase is then extracted by subtraction of the in-plane and out-of-plane birefringence from WAXS data. This integrative approach provides us with a deep insight of structure-property relationships in LLDPE films and is a prerequisite for development of a consistent model for the solid-state.
Vacuum Deposition of Parylene Films: Influence of Process Factors and Baffling on Film-Thickness Distribution
Authors: Spellman Gordon P. , Carley James F. , Lopez Lawrence A.
Published: July 2017

Deposition in vacuum of poly(paraxylylene)-PPX or "Parylene"-and derivative polymers from dimer that have been ionized and vaporized is a process used for over 35 years to form protective and insulating coatings on electronic and other devices and to generate extremely thin, pinhole-free films. Coating thickness has been asserted to be highly uniform, but with scant data in the literature. We investigated thickness distribution in a series of coating runs in each of which 60 or 80 small aluminum disks were positioned throughout the coating chamber. The processing factors tested were rate of coating, disk location (radius and altitude), flow-distribution devices, and whether the rack holding the disks was stationary or rotated. In the initial sequence of five runs, 320 film thicknesses were determined.

Some findings include: (1) film thickness was heaviest at chamber midheight, diminishing symmetrically toward top and bottom by as much as 25%, and, less strongly, inward from wall to axis. (2) Disk orientation-whether vertical, hoizontal, or at 45°-did not affect film thickness. (3) Rotation of the rack eliminated an inlet-to-outlet downslope of thickness. (4) Dividing the chamber with a midplane separator, together with special inlet and takeoff distributors, reduced the total range of thickness from 40% to 25% of the average. A thickness variation of less than± 10% is possible by positioning objects in a limited vertical range and while preventing shadowing.
Laboratory predictors of bleeding and the effect of platelet and RBC transfusions on bleeding outcomes in the PLADO trial
Authors: Uhl Lynne , Assmann Susan F. , Hamza Taye H. , Harrison Ryan W. , Gernsheimer Terry , Slichter Sherrill J.
Published: July 2017

Key Points

Laboratory parameters associated with increased bleeding were platelet counts ≤5 × 109/L, hematocrits ≤25%, INR >1.2, and aPTT >30 seconds. Platelet and RBC transfusions on days with bleeding are often not sufficient to change bleeding outcomes on the following day.
How I treat first relapse of myeloma
Authors: Harousseau Jean Luc , Attal Michel
Published: July 2017

The standard treatment of relapsed multiple myeloma has been either lenalidomide-dexamethasone (RD) or bortezomib-dexamethasone (VD) but it is changing rapidly for 2 reasons. First, lenalidomide and bortezomib are currently used in frontline treatment and many patients become resistant to these agents early in the course of their disease. Second, 6 second-line new agents have been recently developed and offer new possibilities (pomalidomide, carfilzomib and ixazomib, panobinostat, elotuzumab, and daratumumab). Recent randomized studies have shown that triple combinations adding 1 of these new agents (except pomalidomide) to the RD or VD regimens were superior to the double combinations in terms of response rate and progression-free survival (PFS). Their place in the treatment of first relapse is discussed here. Among these agents, daratumumab is clearly a breakthrough and daratumumab-based combinations might become the preferred option in the near future. However, all of these drugs are expensive and are not available or affordable in all countries. We propose a decision algorithm for first relapse in fit patients with the objective of achieving the best PFS. The choice of salvage regimen is based on lenalidomide/bortezomib resistance, daratumumab availability, and cost. Autologous transplantation should be considered in younger patients if not used upfront.
The potential of rotary-wing UAV-based magnetic surveys for mineral exploration: A case study from central Sweden
Authors: Malehmir Alireza , Dynesius Lars , Paulusson Kent , Paulusson Alex , Johansson Henrik , Bastani Mehrdad , Wedmark Mats , Marsden Paul
Published: July 2017

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based geophysical surveys are attractive for land mineral exploration and are gradually opening extraordinary opportunities in providing high-resolution definition of geologic structures and for direct targeting of mineral deposits. There are, however, challenges such as electromagnetic noise from the UAV, limited load capacity, and short flight times. If these are overcome, there will be a new era in using UAV-based geophysical systems for mineral exploration and for a number of mining-related purposes. In this study, we have tested the potential of rotary-wing UAV systems, given their flight flexibility and robustness for direct targeting of iron-oxide deposits in central Sweden. A walking-mode high-precision Overhauser magnetometer was reassembled so that it could be lifted by the rotary-wing system. Successful backyard tests were performed, but during the real experiment several issues related to high UAV noise level and extreme magnetic field from the mineralization delayed data acquisition. At the end, within nearly three hours and 10 sorties, approximately 20 km-line total-field magnetic data were collected covering an area of about 2 km2. Flight lines were designed perpendicular to the strike of the mineralization to maximize data sampling. Two distinct mineralized zones, magnetite- and hematite-rich and only 50–100 m apart, are notable in the magnetic data due to the fine sampling spacing provided by the UAV survey. Historical low-altitude (30 m above the ground) fixed-wing aeromagnetic data are available from the study area and are compared with the UAV data. Both data sets are consistent in delineating the mineralization, therefore demonstrating the potential of UAV-based surveys for mineral exploration in geologically and logistically challenging areas.
Marine seismic acquisition with autonomous marine vehicles towing 3D sensor arrays
Authors: Moldoveanu Nick , Caprioli Philippe , Kjellesvig B. A. , Ishak Margaret , Beecher Michael , Mulisheva Liubov , Pai Sudhir
Published: July 2017

The use of autonomous systems in marine environments has increased in recent years and covers activities from oceanographic studies, environmental awareness, maritime surveillance, defense, and oil and gas. For oil and gas, the current applications are related to meteorological and oceanographic monitoring, hydrocarbon detection and mapping, subsea communication by means of acoustic modems, and localized real-time geomagnetic surveys. The concept of the three-dimensional sensor array was very recently introduced, specifically for autonomous marine vehicle applications to seismic acquisition. We show results from some of our field experiments and simulation studies to demonstrate the potential of this new type of seismic acquisition technology.
Mapping slow-moving alpine landslides by UAV — Opportunities and limitations
Authors: Rothmund Sabrina , Vouillamoz Naomi , Joswig Manfred
Published: July 2017

Acquisition of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based imagery with resolution down to a few centimeters is challenging in alpine conditions. In recent years, UAV-based images have been used in an increasing number of case studies to monitor landslides. Processing of multitemporal high-resolution aerial images provides multitemporal 3D point clouds and multitemporal orthomosaics, which provide substantial information about slope dynamics. Surface processes deciphered from 3D point clouds and orthomosaic temporal sequences supplement on-site geophysical measurements of subsurface structures and dynamics by bringing key spatial and temporal constraints for process interpretation. However, accurate spatial mapping and successful analysis of surface dynamics are functions of the original optical image quality, which in turn relies on the flight system and configuration, camera characteristics and settings, as well as weather conditions and object texture. We evaluate the capabilities and limitations of UAV-based landslide dynamic mapping using illustrative examples gathered from a pioneering low-cost UAV-based imagery data set acquired at the slow-moving (mm-cm/d) Super-Sauze landslide (southeastern France) in 2008 and 2010, which included surface deformations (fissure development and kinematics) and surface conditions (soil moisture, erosion, and sedimentary processes) with very different certainty levels. In a few promising instances, processes detected in the 3D point clouds and orthomosaics could be correlated to geophysical data (passive seismic monitoring of landslide endogenous seismicity and electrical resistivity tomography for water content mapping), thereby validating the UAV analytical approach while providing constraints that improve interpretation of landslide dynamics.
Long-period, long-duration seismicity observed during hydraulic fracturing of the Marcellus Shale in Greene County, Pennsylvania
Authors: Kumar Abhash , Zorn Erich , Hammack Richard , Harbert William
Published: July 2017

Hydraulic fracturing is a well-completion activity that enables the economic extraction of hydrocarbons from unconventional reservoirs such as shale, which are of a naturally low permeability. During hydraulic fracturing, the movement of water into the reservoir from newly created hydraulic fractures reactivates preexisting faults and fractures, initiating shear failure on a complex network of planar features. Although the energy released during hydraulic fracturing is small, the seismic emissions arising from shear failure can be detected using surface and borehole seismometers, and these emissions are an important diagnostic tool for evaluating the effectiveness of reservoir stimulation. To investigate seismic activity during hydraulic fracturing of six horizontal Marcellus Shale wells in Greene County, Pennsylvania, we deployed a surface seismometer within the footprint of the horizontal wells. We recorded 53 high-amplitude, impulsive events and 144 long-period, long-duration (LPLD) events. LPLD events identified in this study show a low-frequency, low-amplitude precursor followed by a high-frequency, high-amplitude primary S-wave signal and are similar to long-duration events (30–60 s) identified in previous studies. After a thorough investigation, we found no temporal correlation with seismic events reported in regional earthquake catalogs and data from USArray stations, suggesting that these observed LPLDs are not attenuated signals from regional earthquakes. Spectral analysis of LPLD events reveals concentrated energy between 1 and 30 Hz. LPLD events were found to occur most frequently when the pumping pressure and rate were at maximum values. Recent findings suggest that “slow-slip emission” along discontinuities that are unfavorably oriented in the ambient stress field is likely a dominant and vital mechanism of deformation during reservoir stimulation. We compared the radiated microseismic energy plus the theoretical fracture energy to the total hydraulic input energy and found an approximately 75% deficit in the energy budget. We propose that LPLD deformation accounts for some portion of this energy deficit.
Cross-equalization and prestack seismic inversion of time-lapse land seismic data, Central Thrace Basin, Turkey
Authors: Baytok Sait , Selek Burcu , Özdemir Hüseyin
Published: July 2017

The Thrace Basin of Turkey has sandstone and carbonate reservoirs of Eocene and Oligocene age. Mapping undrained sweet spots from seismic data is currently a challenge, especially because there is no water drive after production. Time-lapse (4D) land seismic data was used to investigate undrained liquid gas pockets and to help with the planning of gas storage into the depleted reservoirs. Two vibroseis 3D baseline and monitor surveys were acquired in 2002 and 2011, respectively. The 4D seismic data has low repeatability and required conditioning to reduce the nonrepeatable 4D noise that is not related to production. Cross-equalization is applied to the base and the monitor data to bring out similarities (noise cancellation by subtracting seismic volumes), and the inverted rock properties primarily show changes due to production. We cross-equalized the corresponding angle-band stack cubes prior to prestack inversion as the available cross-equalization software was implemented for poststack seismic data. The cross-equalized angle-band stacks from the base and the monitor surveys were separately inverted to acoustic impedance (Zp), shear impedance, and density. The differences of inverted rock properties and other pore-fill indicators like Zp, P-wave velocity over S-wave velocity, and BulkRho cubes were created to map possible undrained zones after 10 years of production. A poststudy well that was drilled following the 4D analysis penetrated an undrained gas pocket.
Next-generation marine seismic sources: A report from the SEG 2015 postconvention workshop
Authors: Mougenot Jean-Marc , Griswold Shari , Jenkerson Mike , Abma Ray
Published: July 2017

The SEG 2015 Annual Meeting postconvention workshop, “Next-generation marine seismic sources,” provided an opportunity to summarize the current areas of new marine seismic source development and how they relate to the drivers of operational efficiency and environmental sensitivity. The session included presentations from marine seismic regulators on their current goals and challenges with respect to the permitting process and from several joint industry projects in these areas. The presentations provided perspectives on the expectations that environmental interest groups, regulators, and industry have with respect to the next generation of marine seismic sources. A number of recently developed, emerging, and potential marine seismic source projects were presented with their current project status, representing state-of-the-art marine seismic source technology. Periods of open discussion between the panelists, presenters, and audience covered efforts to modify existing source technology; compared continuous sources, such as marine vibroseis, with conventional impulsive sources; and discussed the need for additional research to evaluate the optimum output characteristics for continuous sources and to assess their environmental impact. The workshop demonstrated that there is still a high level of activity in the industry to develop alternate seismic sources and assess their environmental impact — even during economic downturns.
Associations of centrally acting ACE inhibitors with cognitive decline and survival in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Fazal Karim , Perera Gayan , Khondoker Mizanur , Howard Robert , Stewart Robert
Published: July 2017

Background

Cognitive improvement has been reported in patients receiving centrally acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (C-ACEIs).

Aims

To compare cognitive decline and survival after diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease between people receiving C-ACEIs, non-centrally acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (NC-ACEIs), and neither.

Method

Routine Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were extracted in 5260 patients receiving acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and analysed against C-/NC-ACEI exposure at the time of Alzheimer's disease diagnosis.

Results

In the 9 months after Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, MMSE scores significantly increased by 0.72 and 0.19 points per year in patients on C-ACEIs and neither respectively, but deteriorated by 0.61 points per year in those on NC-ACEIs. There were no significant group differences in score trajectories from 9 to 36 months and no differences in survival.

Conclusions

In people with Alzheimer's disease receiving acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, those also taking C-ACEIs had stronger initial improvement in cognitive function, but there was no evidence of longer-lasting influence on dementia progression.
Psoriasiform skin disease in transgenic pigs with high-copy ectopic expression of human integrins α2 and β1
Authors: Staunstrup Nicklas Heine , Stenderup Karin , Mortensen Sidsel , Primo Maria Nascimento , Rosada Cecilia , Steiniche Torben , Liu Ying , Li Rong , Schmidt Mette , Purup Stig , Dagnæs-Hansen Frederik , Schrøder Lisbeth Dahl , Svensson Lars , Petersen Thomas Kongstad , Callesen Henrik , Bolund Lars , Mikkelsen Jacob Giehm
Published: July 2017

Psoriasis is a complex human-specific disease characterized by perturbed keratinocyte proliferation and a pro-inflammatory environment in the skin. Porcine skin architecture and immunity are very similar to that in humans, rendering the pig a suitable animal model for studying the biology and treatment of psoriasis. Expression of integrins, which is normally confined to the basal layer of the epidermis, is maintained in suprabasal keratinocytes in psoriatic skin, modulating proliferation and differentiation as well as leukocyte infiltration. Here, we generated minipigs co-expressing integrins α2 and β1 in suprabasal epidermal layers. Integrin-transgenic minipigs born into the project displayed skin phenotypes that correlated with the number of inserted transgenes. Molecular analyses were in good concordance with histological observations of psoriatic hallmarks, including hypogranulosis and T-lymphocyte infiltration. These findings mark the first creation of minipigs with a psoriasiform phenotype resembling human psoriasis and demonstrate that integrin signaling plays a key role in psoriasis pathology.
Lifespan extension by peroxidase and dual oxidase-mediated ROS signaling through pyrroloquinoline quinone in C. elegans
Authors: Sasakura Hiroyuki , Moribe Hiroki , Nakano Masahiko , Ikemoto Kazuto , Takeuchi Kosei , Mori Ikue
Published: July 2017

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), originally characterized based on their harmful effects on cells or organisms, are now recognized as important signal molecules regulating various biological processes. In particular, low levels of ROS released from mitochondria extend lifespan. Here, we identified a novel mechanism of generating appropriate levels of ROS at the plasma membrane through a peroxidase and dual oxidase (DUOX) system, which could extend lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. A redox co-factor, pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), activates the C. elegans DUOX protein BLI-3 to produce the ROS H2O2 at the plasma membrane, which is subsequently degraded by peroxidase (MLT-7), eventually ensuring adequate levels of ROS. These ROS signals are transduced mainly by the oxidative stress transcriptional factors SKN-1 (Nrf2 or NFE2L2 in mammals) and JUN-1, and partially by DAF-16 (a FOXO protein homolog). Cell biology experiments demonstrated a similarity between the mechanisms of PQQ-induced activation of human DUOX1 and DUOX2 and that of C. elegans BLI-3, suggesting that DUOXs are potential targets of intervention for lifespan extension. We propose that low levels of ROS, fine-tuned by the peroxidase and dual oxidase system at the plasma membrane, act as second messengers to extend lifespan by the effect of hormesis.
The predator and prey behaviors of crabs: from ecology to neural adaptations
Authors: Tomsic Daniel , Sztarker Julieta , Berón de Astrada Martín , Oliva Damián , Lanza Estela
Published: July 2017

Predator avoidance and prey capture are among the most vital of animal behaviors. They require fast reactions controlled by comparatively straightforward neural circuits often containing giant neurons, which facilitates their study with electrophysiological techniques. Naturally occurring avoidance behaviors, in particular, can be easily and reliably evoked in the laboratory, enabling their neurophysiological investigation. Studies in the laboratory alone, however, can lead to a biased interpretation of an animal's behavior in its natural environment. In this Review, we describe current knowledge – acquired through both laboratory and field studies – on the visually guided escape behavior of the crab Neohelice granulata. Analyses of the behavioral responses to visual stimuli in the laboratory have revealed the main characteristics of the crab's performance, such as the continuous regulation of the speed and direction of the escape run, or the enduring changes in the strength of escape induced by learning and memory. This work, in combination with neuroanatomical and electrophysiological studies, has allowed the identification of various giant neurons, the activity of which reflects most essential aspects of the crabs' avoidance performance. In addition, behavioral analyses performed in the natural environment reveal a more complex picture: crabs make use of much more information than is usually available in laboratory studies. Moreover, field studies have led to the discovery of a robust visually guided chasing behavior in Neohelice. Here, we describe similarities and differences in the results obtained between the field and the laboratory, discuss the sources of any differences and highlight the importance of combining the two approaches.
Modeling the costs and benefits associated with the evolution of endothermy using a robotic python
Authors: Brashears J. Alex , Hoffman Ty C. M. , DeNardo Dale F.
Published: July 2017

Endothermy provides considerable benefits to an organism but requires large energy investment. To understand potential driving forces that would lead to the evolution of endothermy, it is important to understand the energy costs and potential benefits of intermediate steps between ectothermy and homeothermic endothermy as well as the influences of environmental conditions on energetic costs. However, efforts to examine intermediate conditions are greatly limited by the predominant natural dichotomy between ectothermy and endothermy. Facultative endothermy by brooding pythons provides a fortunate study system where endothermy is beneficial but not essential. As one cannot control the extent of energy investment in heat production by a female python, we created an artificial snake with controllable heating capability. This enabled us to determine the energetic costs of maintaining a clutch at a preferred temperature, and to determine the relative thermal benefit of limited energy-producing capability (i.e. 50% of the required energy to maintain the preferred developmental temperature). We manipulated the pseudoserpent's clutch size (5, 10, 15 eggs), diel ambient temperature cycle (2, 4, 6°C) and insulation (with and without) at each of these power levels: unlimited power, half required power and no power. We found no significant effect of clutch size on either power requirements or developmental temperature. Energy requirements increased with the amplitude of the diel cycle and decreased with the addition of insulation, while the quality of the thermal environment decreased with the amplitude of the diel cycle. Interestingly, the quality of the thermal environment also decreased with the addition of insulation. We discuss these results within the context of the reproductive model of the evolution of endothermy.
The Ol1mpiad: concordance of behavioural faculties of stage 1 and stage 3Drosophilalarvae
Authors: Almeida-Carvalho Maria J. , Berh Dimitri , Braun Andreas , Chen Yi-chun , Eichler Katharina , Eschbach Claire , Fritsch Pauline M. J. , Gerber Bertram , Hoyer Nina , Jiang Xiaoyi , Kleber Jörg , Klämbt Christian , König Christian , Louis Matthieu , Michels Birgit , Miroschnikow Anton , Mirth Christen , Miura Daisuke , Niewalda Thomas , Otto Nils , Paisios Emmanouil , Pankratz Michael J. , Petersen Meike , Ramsperger Noel , Randel Nadine , Risse Benjamin , Saumweber Timo , Schlegel Philipp , Schleyer Michael , Soba Peter , Sprecher Simon G. , Tanimura Teiichi , Thum Andreas S. , Toshima Naoko , Truman Jim W. , Yarali Ayse , Zlatic Marta
Published: July 2017

Mapping brain function to brain structure is a fundamental task for neuroscience. For such an endeavour, the Drosophila larva is simple enough to be tractable, yet complex enough to be interesting. It features about 10,000 neurons and is capable of various taxes, kineses and Pavlovian conditioning. All its neurons are currently being mapped into a light-microscopical atlas, and Gal4 strains are being generated to experimentally access neurons one at a time. In addition, an electron microscopic reconstruction of its nervous system seems within reach. Notably, this electron microscope-based connectome is being drafted for a stage 1 larva – because stage 1 larvae are much smaller than stage 3 larvae. However, most behaviour analyses have been performed for stage 3 larvae because their larger size makes them easier to handle and observe. It is therefore warranted to either redo the electron microscopic reconstruction for a stage 3 larva or to survey the behavioural faculties of stage 1 larvae. We provide the latter. In a community-based approach we called the Ol1mpiad, we probed stage 1 Drosophila larvae for free locomotion, feeding, responsiveness to substrate vibration, gentle and nociceptive touch, burrowing, olfactory preference and thermotaxis, light avoidance, gustatory choice of various tastants plus odour–taste associative learning, as well as light/dark–electric shock associative learning. Quantitatively, stage 1 larvae show lower scores in most tasks, arguably because of their smaller size and lower speed. Qualitatively, however, stage 1 larvae perform strikingly similar to stage 3 larvae in almost all cases. These results bolster confidence in mapping brain structure and behaviour across developmental stages.
A biosemiotic conversation: Between physics and semiotics
Authors: Pattee Howard H. , Kull Kalevi
Published: July 2017

In this dialogue, we discuss the contrast between inexorable physical laws and the semiotic freedom of life. We agree that material and symbolic structures require complementary descriptions, as do the many hierarchical levels of their organizations. We try to clarify our concepts of laws, constraints, rules, symbols, memory, interpreters, and semiotic control. We briefly describe our different personal backgrounds that led us to a biosemiotic approach, and we speculate on the future directions of biosemiotics.
Relationalism: From Greimas to hyperstructuralism
Authors: Sedda Franciscu
Published: July 2017

The emergence of New Realism in philosophy and the Ontological Turn in anthropology testify to the increasing attention paid in the human sciences to the topic of ‘reality’. The aim of this essay is to reread and translate Greimas’ proposal of a semiotic of the natural world, so as to suggest how his concepts might contribute to the contemporary intellectual debate. From a discussion of Greimas’ attempt to solve the problem of the relation between ‘language’ and ‘world’ in nonreferentialist terms, the essay will then move to identify the four forms of correlation that constitute natures and worlds, objects and subjects. In bringing his argument to the extreme consequences, I will call for a reevaluation of structuralism, and propose to distinguish ‘reality’ from ‘the real’. Both hypotheses rest on the idea that relations are the matter we are made of.
Methodological issues and prospects of semiotics of humour
Authors: Gluscevskij Dmitrij
Published: July 2017

This article aims at proposing a way to identify humour by means of Greimassian semiotics and to single humour out as a unique object of semiotic analysis. Firstly, the article discusses the fundamental epistemological premises of semiotic text analysis through the analysis of texts by Greimas which were meant to further and legitimize his project of semiotics. Also, the already existing attempts at providing a semiotic definition of humour are critically evaluated while relating their problematic aspects with the implicitly defined field of semiotic interest. Finally, it is demonstrated that a productive semiotic description of a comic text is possible when the status quo epistemological views are revised and the traditional field of semiotic analyses is expanded accordingly.
Training Modeling Based on Representation of the Meaningful Information As a System of Connected Elements
Authors: Майер  , Mayer Robert
Published: July 2017

The development of didactics requires improvement of the mathematical and computer modeling methods of the didactic systems. The article studies the processes of assimilation and forgetting of the meaningful information and builds a simulation model of training at school. In the work are used the system approach, and also methods of the qualitative, mathematical and computer modeling by imitation of the stochastic processes and the numerical solution of the differential equations system. The pupil’s meaningful knowledge is considered as set of a large number of the information blocks consisting of the sequences of the learning material elements (LME) which can be two types: used and not used in follow-up activity of the pupil. The model considers the decrease in the forgetting speed with the increasing number of requests for each LME. The graphs of the pupil’s knowledge dependence from time in case of various lessons duration are received. It is visible that after the end of training the amount of the pupil’s meaningful knowledge at first remains almost constant, and then decreases under the logistic law. It is created the simulation model of training at 11-year school which considers division of knowledge into three categories: 1) the strong knowledge which the pupils uses often; 2) knowledge of theories, the ideas, reasoning which are well associated with the existing concepts in the pupil’s consciousness, but not used in practice; 3) seldom used knowledge of the separate facts badly associated with already existing pupil’s knowledge. The offered approach allowed to explain and model the regularities of the meaningful information forgetting. After the end of training not used LME are quickly forgotten, and the pupil can't reproduce all studied ideas any more although he remembers some LME which are commonly used in life. The created three-component model of training at school takes into account distribution of educational information on classes and plotted various types of the pupil’s knowledge from time.
Social-Pedagogical Conditions of Cadet Girls Training in the Russian Education System
Authors: Берман  , Berman L. , Олешко  , Oleshko S. , Ермак  , Ermak M.
Published: July 2017

The article is devoted to the analysis of social-pedagogical preconditions for establishing military education and the emergence of cadet girls in the Russian education system. The reforms of Soviet education and the features of social education in the post-revolutionary period are considered. The experience of military-patriotic education of youth and the creation of social and educational environment of universal military-patriotic and physical education of the younger generation in the pre-war period in the Soviet Union are presented on the example of the military-sports organizations. The role of the military and paramilitary sports and games as an effective means of military-patriotic education of students is noted. Social-pedagogical conditions of training of cadet girls in the Russian education system are formulated.
On the Problem of Development of Scientific and Methodical Support in the Conditions of Modern Requirements to the Preparation of a Bachelor of Teacher Education
Authors: Воинова  , Voinova I. , Проценко  , Procenko Svetlana , Сафонова  , Safonova L.
Published: July 2017

Modern society determines the order for highly professional specialists in the field of education. For successful realization of professional activity graduate a teacher training University must satisfy the requirements stated in the professional standard of the teacher. In preparing future teachers the competence are formed, stated in the federal state educational standard of higher education by the direction of Teacher Education. Therefore there is a problem of development of the basic professional educational program that meets the requirements of these and other regulations. The paper proposes a solution to this problem at the expense of establishing of correspondence between competencies declared in the federal state educational standard of higher education, and labor functions specified in the professional standard of the teacher. The variant of implementation of established conformity of the content of the discipline variable part of Basic Professional Educational Program is reviewed. Working program of discipline "Geometric modeling by means ICT" is offered, the attributes of the work program, the content of the modules discipline and fund of evaluative tools are described.
Young People Attitude to Marriage: Cross-Cultural Aspect
Authors: Эксакусто  , Eksakusto T. , Аманова  , Amanova S.
Published: July 2017

The paper studies the young people of different ethnocultural groups (Russian and European) attitude to marriage and family by describing three main aspects: cognitive, motivational and emotional, intentional. The article shows that the content validity of such notions as “marriage” and “family” is of high value for the representatives of both ethnocultural groups, but Russian young people’s attitude is based on emotional aspect (love, trust), while young Europeans are much more rational (responsibility and obligations are more valuable for them). If speaking about the value of marriage and family for young Europeans, it is characterized by the so called “conservative” attitude, i.e., first of all, they feel concern about family and national traditions and about having relatives who will support them in future, while loving and having near and dear ones are the most valuable motives to marry for Russians. Young people of both ethnocultural groups have positive emotional attitude to marriage and intentions to marry, but, at the same time, the representatives of the European ethnocultural group have an ambivalent attitude to marriage caused by pragmatic motives. The paper proves that the representatives of both groups have potential intentions to marry and found families, but young Russians’ intentions are much stronger than young Europeans’ ones.
The Value of “Bespoke”: Demand Learning, Preference Learning, and Customer Behavior
Authors: Huang Tingliang , Liang Chao , Wang Jingqi
Published: July 2017

“Bespoke,” or mass customization strategy, combines demand learning and preference learning. We develop an analytical framework to study the economic value of bespoke systems and investigate the interaction between demand learning and preference learning. We find that it is possible for demand learning and preference learning to be either complements or substitutes, depending on the customization cost and the demand uncertainty profile. They are generally complements when the personalization cost is low and the probability of having high demand is large. Contrary to usual belief, we show that higher demand uncertainty does not necessarily yield more complementarity benefits. Our numerical study shows that the complementarity benefit becomes weaker when customers are more strategic. Interestingly, the substitute loss can occur when the personalization cost is small and the probability of having high demand is large, when customers are strategic.

The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2771 .

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
In vitro Regeneration of Alstroemeria cv. ‘Balance’ Based On Direct Organogenesis
Authors: Beigi Harchegani Maryam , Nazarian Hossein , Otroshy Mahmoud , Ali Ebrahimi Mohammad , Motamedi Ali
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed at improving the efficiency of the in vitro regeneration of Alstroemeria cv. ‘Balance’ protocol through direct organogenesis technique using three different origins of explants (nodal stem, rhizome apical bud, rhizome segments) as two separate factorial experiments with completely randomized design with six replications which were implemented in three stages. Firstly, Direct regeneration, including two factorial experiments to induce regeneration in organogenesis media by utilizing the four NAA concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 2 mg/l) combined with five BAP concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 mg/l) in the first experiment, and TDZ concentrations (0, 0.5, 10 mg/l) in combination with three IBA concentrations (0, 1, 2 mg/l) in the second experiment. Secondly, shoot regeneration and elongation of stems in regenerated buds in the MS basal medium and finally, rooting of the regenerated shoots in the root induction mediums by NAA and IBA. Results of regeneration experiment revealed that, in the culture medium containing 10 mg/l TDZ in combination with 2 mg/l IBA and rhizome apical bud explants, the maximum rates of regeneration percentage, the highest number and length of the shoots were produced. Resulted shoots produced the greatest number of roots and rhizomes in the culture medium comprising 1 mg/l NAA in combination with 2 mg/l IBA as auxins. From the two tested explants, rhizome apical bud, was known as the best explants for shoot regeneration obtained plantlets successfully adapted to environmental conditions and were transferred to the greenhouse. Results of current study indicated that Alstroemeria can be produced through direct organogenesis.
Producing policy relevant systematic reviews: navigating the policy-research interface
Authors: Oliver Sandra , Bangpan Mukdarut , Dickson Kelly
Published: July 2017

This study employed insider research and reflective practice to investigate exchanges across the research-policy interface to understand the practice of producing policy-relevant systematic reviews. Interviewees came from 11 systematic reviews or review programmes which spanned four models of policy-relevant reviews and between them provided evidence for understanding policy problems, comparing policy options, or implementing policy decisions. No review methodology was found to be uniquely appropriate for policy-relevant systematic reviews. It was the mutual engagement across the research-policy interface that made the reviews policy-relevant. This involved thinking about the issues and seeing them from multiple viewpoints to identify and shape questions; this prompted implicit or explicit value-driven debates. The intellectual work to shape a policy-relevant systematic review is an iterative, collective endeavour that requires partners from either side of the policy-research interface to engage with the unfamiliar, listen, challenge and co-construct questions and answers.
Multiplexed Elimination of Wild-Type DNA and High-Resolution Melting Prior to Targeted Resequencing of Liquid Biopsies
Authors: Ladas Ioannis , Fitarelli-Kiehl Mariana , Song Chen , Adalsteinsson Viktor A , Parsons Heather A , Lin Nancy U , Wagle Nikhil , Makrigiorgos G Mike
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND

The use of clinical samples and circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) collected from liquid biopsies for diagnostic and prognostic applications in cancer is burgeoning, and improved methods that reduce the influence of excess wild-type (WT) portion of the sample are desirable. Here we present enrichment of mutation-containing sequences using enzymatic degradation of WT DNA. Mutation enrichment is combined with high-resolution melting (HRM) performed in multiplexed closed-tube reactions as a rapid, cost-effective screening tool before targeted resequencing.

METHODS

We developed a homogeneous, closed-tube approach to use a double-stranded DNA-specific nuclease for degradation of WT DNA at multiple targets simultaneously. The No Denaturation Nuclease-assisted Minor Allele Enrichment with Probe Overlap (ND-NaME-PrO) uses WT oligonucleotides overlapping both strands on putative DNA targets. Under conditions of partial denaturation (DNA breathing), the oligonucleotide probes enhance double-stranded DNA-specific nuclease digestion at the selected targets, with high preference toward WT over mutant DNA. To validate ND-NaME-PrO, we used multiplexed HRM, digital PCR, and MiSeq targeted resequencing of mutated genomic DNA and cfDNA.

RESULTS

Serial dilution of KRAS mutation-containing DNA shows mutation enrichment by 10- to 120-fold and detection of allelic fractions down to 0.01%. Multiplexed ND-NaME-PrO combined with multiplexed PCR-HRM showed mutation scanning of 10–20 DNA amplicons simultaneously. ND-NaME-PrO applied on cfDNA from clinical samples enables mutation enrichment and HRM scanning over 10 DNA targets. cfDNA mutations were enriched up to approximately 100-fold (average approximately 25-fold) and identified via targeted resequencing.

CONCLUSIONS

Closed-tube homogeneous ND-NaME-PrO combined with multiplexed HRM is a convenient approach to efficiently enrich for mutations on multiple DNA targets and to enable prescreening before targeted resequencing.
En Defensa del Factor h5* como Indicador de Impacto (*según Colciencias)
Authors: Rojas Sergio A.
Published: July 2017

In Defense of Factor h5 * as an Impact Indicator (* according to Colciencias)
“De lo espiritual en el museo de arte”: espacio de congregación y alabanzas a Dios
Authors: Calvetti Dixon
Published: July 2017

El presente artículo analiza e interpreta tres congregaciones cristianas evangélicas que hacen vida permanente en el Museo de Arte Carmelo Fernández, desde hace algunos años. En este sentido se indagará en varios aspectos: 1). El Museo como “templo sagrado” y cuerpo expositivo resultado de complejos procesos vinculados a la memoria y la nación. 2) El Museo de las nuevas audiencias: visitante-creyente-cliente, los cuales asisten al museo producto de la sacralización y alquiler de las salas expositivas. 3) Las salas de exhibición como servicio dominical a través de alabanzas y adoraciones a Dios en el templo del arte.
La conversación o el ‘interaccionismo conversacional’ pistas para comprender el lado oprimido del(os) mundo(s)**
Authors: Quijano Valencia Olver
Published: July 2017

‘Caminar y con-versar’ como vías para aproximarnos al conocimiento en sus diversas formas y lugares, tiene relación con prácticas y gestos descolonizadores y por tanto constituyen expresiones de ´justicia cognitiva´, claro está, lejos de los cánones e imperativos disciplinarios, de las instituciones del aprendizaje y de la metodología disciplinaria, esa que nos propone una secuencia que deja de lado lo más importante, es decir, la conversación y su poder transformador. Para los propósitos de esta reflexión se trata de la activación política y epistemológica de la conversación como medio para movilizar la imaginación, (re)crear salidas y avanzar en la construcción de léxicos, leguajes, imágenes, conceptos, nominaciones, categorías y análisis para las requeridas transiciones. Activar la conversación en medio de la parafernalia institucional y discursiva del ‘diálogo de saberes’, generalmente convertido en un monólogo, interesa como arma de legítima defensa y grilla de entendimiento tanto de los sistemas de representación, las visiones y percepciones del mundo inmediato, los universos sensoriales y la organización política, como de las estructuras y relaciones con otros y con el entorno socio-natural, las maneras de pensar y sentir, los usos y significados culturales y, claro, de lo que los sujetos y los lugares dicen en escenarios de comunalidad, relacionalidad y pluriversidad.
El luminoso objeto del deseo: el cuerpo femenino y la escultura desde el género
Authors: Serrano Barquín Héctor , Serrano Barquín Carolina , Ruiz Serrano Emilio
Published: July 2017

El cuerpo es el portador de símbolos sociales donde concurren las nociones culturales, sobre él recaen los límites de las instituciones sociales; en ese espacio de socialización, es donde se inserta la noción de identidad y corporalidad de cada individuo, pero su expresión hacia la erotización toma caminos diferenciados, no solo desde los géneros, sino desde posiciones que incluyen la clase, la raza, el poder, la represión religiosa y otros factores que determinan que un cuerpo erotizado o erotizante pueda concebirse en unas culturas como una manifestación humana natural o bien por otras, como un tabú o un vínculo hacia fuerzas maléficas. Por ello, se pretende analizar aquí, sucintamente la intersección de tres amplios temas: el erotismo a través del deseo, las artes plásticas y el género, lo cual,implica revisar sus complejidades y trasgresiones.
Del Operador Apertura en la Matemática Morfológica Difusa
Authors: Forero Baquero Wilson Javier , Ochoa Castillo Carlos Orlando
Published: July 2017

Context: Interior operators have interesting properties that can be used in detecting relevant features in digital images. In this respect, it is pertinent to study the behaviour of the opening and erosion operators from the perspective of fuzzy morphological mathematics.Method: Bearing in mind the reticular properties inherent to the mathematical anaysis of an image by fuzzy morphological mathematics we seek to find restrictions on the structural element intended to filter the image so as to obtain characterizations of the opening and erosion operators.Results: We prove that if the structural relationship is reflexive or ⇤ -antitransitive the opening operator is interior. On the other hand, we found that if the relationship meets both erosion is a interior operator.Conclusions: The fuzzy morphological operators can give us more information than the classical methods when we filter an image, especially if we implement the opening operator with a right structural element.
Modelos de Localización para Cadenas Agroalimentarias Perecederas: una Revisión al Estado del Arte
Authors: Sanabria Coronado Lizeth Andrea , Peralta Lozano Andrés Mauricio , Orjuela Javier Arturo
Published: July 2017

Context: The problem of locating facilities in supply chains of perishable agricultural products has not been widely addressed, however, this issue in recent years has taken great interest because of concerns about the consumption of fresh and healthy food, important aspect in countries with fruits food producer potential. Method: A systematic review of the state of the art on facility location problems for perishable agricultural products was conducted. The following databases were searched: Science Direct, IEEE Xplore, SpringerLink, JSTOR, Scopus and Google Scholar. From an initial collection of 135 papers obtained with a generic search query for food location, 31 were finally selected for review focusing on food supply chain location model, within a publication date ranging from 2004 to 2015. Results: Based on the review, a typology of variables considered and not considered in models pertinent to conditions relevant to countries such as Colombia, is proposed. Objective functions commonly used, specific restrictions for Food Supply Chain (FSC) and logistical drivers most commonly considered in these models were also identified. Future research, regarding variables to be included in FSC models location for perishables in context of mountainous countries were identified.Conclusions: Strategic decisions such as the location of facilities are of great importance for the design of the fresh food supply chain and its network, given the perishability. However, the issue has been poorly evaluated especially due to the difficulty of modeling and the large number of variables to consider in this type of chain. Models that include the perishability, losses and stochastic behavior of some variables are required. Colombia can benefit from more research in location models of perishable food, particularly the impact on perishability due to its particular conditions of great variety of climates, mountainous landscapes along with a limited transport and road infrastructure.