bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research News from Norway, Sweden, and Finland
Authors: Skjenneberg Sven , Åhman Gustaf , Nieminen Mauri
Published: February 2013

Norge: 1) Forskningsavd ved Reindriftsadministrasjonen. 2) Avd. for arktisk biologi, Univ. i Tromsø 3) Viltforskningen ved DN, Trondheim 4) Institutt for biologi og geologi, Univ. i Tromsø 5) Institutt for husdyrnæring, Norges landbrukshøgskole 6) Institutt for zoologi, Norges landbrukshøgskole 7) Stipendiat Norges landbruksvit. forskningsråd 8) Statens veterinære laboratorium i Nord-Norge Sverige: 1) Renförsöksavdelningen, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet 2) Statens veterinärmedicinska anstalt 3) Statens naturvårdsverk Finland: 1) Vilt- och fiskeriforskningsinstitutet, Renforskning 2) Kaamanen försöksstation, Renägareföreningen 3) Veterinärmedicinska högskolan 4) Helsingfors universitets husdjursvetenskapliga institut 5) Kuopios och Uleåborgs universiteter 6) Helsingfors universitets geologiska institut 7) Jyväskyläs universitet 8) Lantbrukets forskningscentral
4th International Reindeer/Caribou Symposium, 22-25 August 1985, Whitehorse, Canada
Authors: Skjenneberg (ed. in chief) Sven
Published: February 2013

Proceedings - the 4th Int. Reindeer/Caribou Symposium, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada, 22-25 August, 1985
The distribution and movement patterns of four woodland caribou herds in Quebec and Labrador
Authors: Brown W. K. , Huot J. , Lamothe P. , Luttich S. , Paré M. , Martin G. St. , Theberge J. B.
Published: February 2013

Recent studies of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in northern Quebec and central Labrador have demonstrated similar patterns of seasonal movements and distribution among four herds. Aerial surveys and radio-telemetry indicated that animals occupied forest-wetland habitat at densities of 0.03 caribou km2, or lower, for most of the year. Although females were widely dispersed at calving individuals demonstrated fidelity toward specific calving locations, in successive years. Caribou did not form large post-calving aggregations. Movement was greatest in the spring, prior to calving, and in the fall, during or immediately after rutting. Caribou were generally sedentary during summer and winter, although some moved relatively long distances to late-winter range. Although the herds occupy continuous range across Quebec and Labrador, our data indicate that the herds are largely discreete and should be managed individually.
Seasonal variations and responses to normal activity of the deep body temperature in the Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus)
Authors: Cuyler L. Christine , Øritsland Nils A.
Published: February 2013

Deep body temperature was recorded in two female Svalbard reindeer during summer and winter. The reindeer were subjected to naturally occurring weather, photoperiod and stimuli in outdoor pens on Svalbard. A telemetry system was employed using transmitters ingested into the rumen. Mean deep body temperature was 0.3°C higher in winter and while the animals were lying down. This suggests a different strategy for thermoregulation than that employed by other reindeer subspecies.
Some herding, record keeping and treatment methods used in Alaskan reindeer herds
Authors: Dieterich Robert A.
Published: February 2013

Approximately 20000 reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in Alaska are gathered once or twice yearly to facilitate identification, serologic sampling, treatment and antler removal. Various air and land craft are used to bring the animals into a corral system from which they can be herded into a padded, pneumatically operated, squeeze apparatus. Ear tags are applied or read if already in place and ears are notched. A portable, computerized rapid data retrieval system is used to record reproductive success, vaccination and treatment status and other miscellaneous information. Ivermectin is being administered in the early winter months to treat reindeer in many herds for warbles, nasal bots and internal parasites. A killed, homologous Brucella suis type 4 vaccine is being used in two large (3500) herds. Efforts are being made to incorporate other innovative methods to improve herding and corralling methods.
Distribution, activity and range use of male caribou in early summer in Northern Yukon, Canada
Authors: Martell Arthur M. , Nixon Wendy , Russell Donald E.
Published: February 2013

Males of the Porcupine Caribou Herd separated from females from the onset of spring migration until they joined them on the calving grounds in late June or early July, 4-6 weeks later. From late May to late June males spent an average of 50% of their time feeding and less than 2% standing and trotting/running. Males spent an average of 29% of their time lying and 19% walking, except in mid-June (40% lying, 6% walking). The average lengths of active and resting periods were 112 minutes and 104 minutes, respectively, from late May to mid-June, but decreased sharply in late June to 78 minutes and 69 minutes, respectively. Tussock meadows were selected in late May and early June, wet sedge meadows were avoided until late June, dwarf shrub heaths were avoided after late May, and alluvial willow thickets were avoided in late May and early June but were selected in mid-June and late June. Caribou fed primarily on lichens and Vaccinium in late May, lichens and Eriophorum in early June, Eriophorum in mid-June and Salix in late June.
Asymmetry in antlers of barren-ground caribou, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Miller Frank L.
Published: February 2013

Pairs of antlers were obtained from 287 barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) of the Kaminuriak herd in the Northwest Territories, Canada. The morphological dominance of the brow tines by antler pair was determined: 15.7% were enlarged on the left; 14.6% on the right; 14.6% on both sides; and 55.1% on neither side. No evidence for a greater rate of occurrence of left or right dominance of the brow tine was obtained when considered by sex or age class (P >0.05). Antler pairs with both brow and bez tines present varied from 84.4% for males with their 5th to 10th set of antlers; 39.3% for males with their 2nd to 4th set; 21.2% for females with their 5th to 16th set; and 6.3% for females with their 1st to 4th set. Both brow and bez tines were present proportionately more often than expected on antler pairs from males compared to females regardless of age (P <0.005). Both brow and bez tines also were present proportionately more often than expected on antler pairs from males (P <0.005), females (P <0.01), or both sexes combined (P <0.01) with their 5th or later set than compared to when they had their 4th or earlier set.
Bone marrow and kidney fat as indicators of condition in reindeer
Authors: Nieminen Mauri , Laitinen Matti
Published: February 2013

Back-fat depth, kidney-fat index (KFI), fat and triglyceride contents in femur and metatarsal marrows were measured from 92 semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.) in northern Finland during 1980-84. The age of the reindeer varied from 5 months to 10 years and marrow fat content was estimated by five different methods: standard ether extraction, oven-drying (Neiland, 1970), reagent-dry assay (Verme and Holland, 1973), compression method (Greer, 1968) and visual estimation (Cheatum, 1949). The kidney-fat index (Riney, 1955) was significantly related (r=0.892) to the percent marrow fat in femur and metatarsus. The oven-drying method gave high correlations with results obtained by ether extraction and reagent-dry methods. Oven-drying produced a lower mean dry-weight value than reagent-drying (1.31 ±0.36%). The amount of compression had a concave relationship with the ether-extractable fat content of femur and metatarsal marrows. The subjectiveness of the visual estimation technique limited its use. Femur marrow fat contents (dry-weight %) in reindeer which died from starvation varied between 2 - 8%. Metatarsal fat contents were slightly higher. Adult males had a mean triglyceride content of 46.8 |Jmol/g in August in the femur. Adult females had slightly lower values. The amount of triglycerides was significantly related to the ether-extractable fat content of the femur (r=0.914) and metatarsal (r=0.911).
The familiar area hypothesis and movement patterns of wild forest reindeer in Karelia, Northern Europe
Authors: Pulliainen E. , Danilov P. I. , Heikura K. , Erkinaro E. , Sulkava S. , Lindgren E.
Published: February 2013

The relevance of the familiar area hypothesis to the behaviour of the wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus Lönnb.) was studied in a Fenno-Soviet project by radio and field tracking of these ungulates in Karelia, Northern Europe, in 1978 - 1985. This subpopulation (500 - 600 exx.) has a tradition of overwintering in a restricted area around Lake Lentua (ca. 1000 km2). The spring migration period is shorter in length than the autumn migration. The migration routes are generally the same in autumn and spring, although exceptions occur, indicating exploratory behaviour. The large winter herds disband into small groups or lone individuals for the summertime, when this subpopulation is spread over a much wider area (ca. 5400 km2). It is concluded that the observations made support the familiar area hypothesis in all essential points.
Physiological control of growth, reproduction and lactation in deer
Authors: Ryg Morten
Published: February 2013

The physiological mechanisms controlling the growth, lactation and reproductive cycles of cervids, and the control of allocation of energy to different organs are discussed. The growth cycle may be secondary to an appetite cycle, regulated by changes in the secretion of prolactin, gonadal steroids, and possibly unknown factors. The reproductive cycle is controlled by changes in the release at the hypothalamic hormone GnRH, and by changes in the feedback effect of gonadal steroids. These cycles are probably the result of the timing effects of nutrition and changing photoperiod on an endogenous, circannual rhythm. The effect of photopenod is mediated by the pineal hormone melatonin. The physiological mechanisms controlling the partitioning of substrates between milk production, fetal growth and the tissues of the mother are poorly understood, but may involve changes in the secretion of growth hormone, insulin and triiodothyronine.
Thermoregulation in reindeer
Authors: Soppela Päivi , Nieminen Mauri , Timisjärvi Jouni
Published: February 2013

Thermoregulation was studied in Finnish reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L) on captive and herded individuals during 1977-85. Newborn calves maintained a high rectal temperature (Tre) (+39 to +41°C) even at —23°C by increasing heat production 5- to 6-fold through non-shivering thermogenesis, stimulated by cold-induced noradrenaline (NA). Plasma NA and thyroxine (T4) were high (18 ng/ml and 459 nmol/1) in neonatal reindeer. Sensitivity to exogenous NA was lost during the first 3-4 weeks of life. At +20°C and above, calves increased Tre (ca 1°C), oxygen consumption and heart rate, thereby showing poor heat tolerance. Thermal conductance was low in a cold environment, but rose sharply as ambient temperature (Ta) increased above + 10°C. The Tre of adults (+ 38 to +39°C) was independent of Ta (—28 to +15°C). Coarse (hollow) hair density and length in adults averaged 2000/cm2 and 12 mm on the legs, 1000/cm3 and 30 mm on the abdomen and 1700/cm2 and 30 mm on the back (calves 3200/cm2, 10 mm), respectively. The dependence of skin temperature on the Ta was linear in excised fur samples, but complex in living animals being strongest in the legs. Serum adrenaline correlated with the weight, age and total lipids. Serum NA and dopamine-fi-hydroxylase were highest in spring and decreased by autumn. Serum T4 was highest in summer and lowest in spring.
Review of forestry practices in caribou habitat in southeastern British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Stevenson Susan K.
Published: February 2013

Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in southeastern British Columbia feed mainly on arboreal lichens in winter. Some modified forestry practices that have been used or proposed for caribou ranges are reviewed. Partial cutting results in the retention of some forage lichens. Partial cutting and small patch harvesting may improve lichen growth on the remaining trees. Retention of advanced regeneration and some residual trees may improve lichen growth in the remaining stand. Extension of the rotation age increases the amount of harvestable forest useful to caribou at any one time. Progressive cutting minimizes road access to caribou ranges, and may be combined with partial cutting. Most forestry practices intended to maintain lichen production will result in increased human activity in caribou ranges, unless road access is controlled. The management strategy selected depends on site conditions and on the relative importance assigned to the impact of habitat alteration and human activity on caribou.
A suspected virus infection of the oral mucosa in Swedish reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L)
Authors: Rehbinder C. , Nordkvist M. , Moreno J. W. , Siddiqui Islam-Ud-Din
Published: February 2013

In 1980 a rather high frequency of reindeer, supplementarily fed in pens, were taken ill and deaths occurred as well. In five out of eight carcasses necrophsied oral lesions were observed. Histologically the mucosa, surrounding these lesions, was charasterized by the presence of intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, inter- and intracellular oedema and vesicle formation. Fusobacterium necrophorum, Coll, betahaemolizing streptococci, and Cory neb acterium pyogenes found in the lesions were all considered secondary invaders. Serological samples from disease stricken herds were tested for antibodies against BVD-, P13-, and IBR-virus as well as Chlamydia. Low positive titres were observed but for BVDV. The result indicates that a thus far unidentified virus might be the primary cause of this enzootically occurring disease.
REINREF - the datafile for literature about reindeer and reindeer husbandry
Authors: Skjenneberg (ed.) Sven
Published: February 2013

The datafile is established at the library at Skogshögskolan, Umeå, Sweden (The Swedish University of Agriculture, Department of Forestry).
The Chernobyl accident: Can lichens be used to characterize a radiocesium contaminated range?
Authors: Gaare Eldar
Published: February 2013

Many of the lichen species that are important in the lichen dominated plant communities in the Norwegian mountains are important reindeer winter forage. They are also organisms that collect fall-out from the atmosphere. The Chernobyl accident brought, among other, radioactive Cesium, and from lichens this follow the food chain to reindeer and finally man. From region to region this fall-out was unevenly distributed and methods are needed to compare winter ranges and to monitor the developement of radioactive levels in the lichen carpet. Cornicularia divergens, Alectoria ochroleuca, Cetraria nivalis, Cladina mitis, C. stellaris and Stereocaulon pa¬schale was collected in the Dovre mountains to compare species levels and to study collection methods. We found that from spot to spot there is a very large variation between samples, even within the same species. Because of this we are not able to show significant species differences. We found, however, that species from more or less snow free ridgetops, Cornicularia divergens, Alectoria ochroleuca, Cetraria nivalis and Cladina mitis showed less variation and thus must be recommended as the best species for monitoring and comparison of ranges.

Tsjernobyl-ulykken: Kan lav nyttes til karakterisering av et radioaktivt forurenset reinbeite?

Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Mange av de lavarter som er viktige i lavdominerte plantesamfunn i de norske fjell er viktige som vinterfor for rein. Disse organismer samler også nedfall fra atmosfæren. Ulykken i Tsjernobyl brakte, blant annet, radioaktivt cesium, og fra lav følger dette næringskjeden til rein og endelig mennesket. Fra område til område var dette nedfallet ujevnt fordelt, og det kreves metoder for å sammenligne vinterområder og for å overvåke utviklingen av det radioaktive nivå i lavmattene. Cornicularia divergens, Alectoria ochroleuca, Cetraria nivalis, Cladina mitis, C. stellaris og Stereocaulon paschale ble samlet på Dovrefjell for å sammenligne artsnivåene og for å studere innsamlings-prosedyrer. Vi fant at det fra sted til sted var en svært stor variasjon, til og med innen samme art. På grunn av dette var vi ikke i stand til å vise statistisk sikre forskjeller mellom artene. Men vi fant at arter fra mer eller mindre snøfrie rabbetopper, Cornicularia divergens, Alectoria ochroleuca, Cetraria nivalis og Cladina mitis viste mindre variasjon og derfor må anbefales som de beste arter for overvåkning og sammenligning av områder.
Nicholas Tyler; Natural limitation of the abundance of the high arctic Svalbard reindeer
Authors: Skjenneberg (ed.) Sven
Published: February 2013

Nicholas Tyler successfully defended his PhD thesis at Cambridge University on 21 May 1987. Nicholas Tyler was born in Oxford, educated at Cambridge and now works at the University of Tromsø, Department of Arctic Biology.
Reindeer warble fly larvae found in red deer
Authors: Nilssen A. C. , Gjershaug J. O.
Published: February 2013

Seven third instar larvae of the reindeer warble fly (Hypoderma (=Oedemagena) tarandi) were found in a 2-3 year old male red deer {Cervus elaphus) shot on 14 November 1985 at Todalen, western Norway. This it, the first report of H. tarandi from red deer. In reindeer third instar larvae are found from February to June, and the unusual date of this record indicates a delayed development of the larvae due to abnormal host reactions. Warble fly larvae, probably H. tarandi, are also reported from moose {Alces alces) in northern Norway.
Radioaktivitet i tamrein og på beite i Norge. Statusrapport
Authors: Bye Karstein
Published: February 2013

Short status report about radioactivity in reindeer and pasture areas.
Forsøk på begrensninger av skadevirkninger på rein forårsaket av radioaktivt nedfall
Authors: Blix A. S.
Published: February 2013

Report of preventing damage on reindeer caused by radioactivity fall out from Chernobyl. Including a short discussion.
Effects of ammoniumiron-hexacyanoferrate on the accumulation of radiocesium in reindeer
Authors: Hove K. , Staaland H. , Pedersen Ø.
Published: February 2013

It is concluded that a sustained release bolus for administration of a cesium binder of the ironhexa-cyanoferrate type provides a promising method for reduction of radiocesium uptake from contaminated pastures.

Included is also a discussion after Hove's lecture.
Growth rates and morphological measurements of Porcupine caribou calves
Authors: Parker Katherine L.
Published: February 2013

Body weights, leg lengths, and surface area were monitored for bottle-raised barren-ground caribou calves (Rangifer tarandus granti) from the Porcupine herd up to 1 year of age. Body weights were compared with maternally-raised calves from the same cohort in the wild and from the Delta herd. A successful feeding regime for bottle-raising caribou calves is presented.

Veksthastigheter og morfologiske mål hos Porcupine karibu-kalver.

Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Kroppsvekter, visse knokkel-lengder og kropps-overflate areal ble målt hos flaske-oppfødde kalver av barren-ground karibu (Rangifer tarandus granti) fra Porcupine-stammen opp til 1 års alder. Kroppsvekter ble sammelignet med normalt oppfødde kalver av samme type i det fri og fra Delta-stam-men. Det presenteres et vellykket system for flaske-oppforing av karibu-kalver.

Porcupine-lauman karibuvasojen kasvunopeus ja morfologiset mitat.

Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Porcupine -lauman pulloruokinnalla olleiden tundrakaribuvasojen ruumiinpainot, jalanpituu-det ja ruumiin pinta-alat mitattiin 1 vuoden ikäään saakka. Ruumiinpainoja verrattiin vastaaviin luonnon-oloissa kasvaneisiin saman lauman ja Delta -lauman vasoihin. Tutkimus kuvaa toimivan vasojen pulloruo-kintamenetelmän.
The Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Experimental Colon Anastomosis After Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Yildiz Ramazan , Can Mehmet Fatih , Yagci Gokhan , Ozgurtas Taner , Guden Metin , Gamsizkan Mehmet , Ozturk Erkan , Cetiner Sadettin
Published: February 2013

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on colon anastomosis after chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Sixty female Wistar-Albino rats were divided into 5 groups and underwent left colon resection and end-to-end anastomosis. CRT simulation was performed on 2 sham groups before the anastomosis, and 1 of these groups was administered additional postoperative HBOT. Two groups were administered CRT before the anastomosis, and 1 of them received additional postoperative HBOT. On postoperative day 5, all groups underwent relaparotomy; burst pressure was measured and samples were obtained for histopathologic and biochemical analysis. There was a significant weight loss in the CRT groups and postoperative HBOT had an improving effect. Significantly decreased burst pressure values increased up to the levels of the controls after HBOT. Hydroxyproline levels were elevated in all groups compared to the control group. Hydroxyproline levels decreased with HBOT after CRT. No significant difference was observed between the groups regarding fibrosis formation at the anastomosis site. However, regression was observed in fibrosis in the group receiving HBOT after CRT. Preoperative CRT affected anastomosis and wound healing unfavorably. These unfavorable effects were alleviated by postoperative HBOT. HBOT improved the mechanical and biochemical parameters of colon anastomosis in rats.
Needleless Closed System Does Not Reduce Central Venous Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ishizuka Mitsuru , Nagata Hitoshi , Takagi Kazutoshi , Kubota Keiichi
Published: February 2013

The needleless closed system (NCS) has been disseminated in several clinical fields to prevent central venous catheter–related bloodstream infection (CVC-RBSI), in place of the conventional Luer cap system (LCS). The purpose of this study is to examine whether NCS is really superior to conventional LCS for prevention of CVC-RBSI. Between May 2002 and December 2008, 1767 patients received CVC in our department. The time interval from insertion to development of CVC-RBSI was compared retrospectively between selected patients who were treated using the conventional LCS (group 1, n = 89, before June 2006) and the NCS (group 2, n = 406, June 2006 and after). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no significant difference in the time interval from insertion to development of CVC-RBSI between the two groups. NCS does not reduce CVC-RBSI in adult colorectal cancer patients who undergo CVC insertion.
Fournier Gangrene as a Manifestation of Undiagnosed Metastatic Perforated Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chan Cyrus C. , Williams Mallory
Published: February 2013

Fournier gangrene is a necrotizing soft tissue infection involving the perineum. We present a case of Fournier gangrene as the clinical presentation of perforated metastatic rectal cancer. The patient is a 78-year-old man in a nursing home who presented to our institution with necrosis and ischemia of the scrotum. After wide debridement of necrotic tissue and bilateral orchiectomy, computed tomography was carried out to investigate abnormal findings seen on his chest X-ray, which revealed multiple pulmonary metastases as well as a mass highly suspicious for a perforated rectal mass. Once stable, a diverting colostomy and biopsies of the rectal mass were performed, confirming the presence of a metastatic, poorly differentiated rectal adenocarcinoma. Albeit an unusual etiology of Fournier gangrene, this case highlights the rare but important causes of this deadly condition and teaches us to be cognizant of the variations in the presentation of colorectal cancer.
Vignette Thyroid Surgery: A Glimpse Into its History
Authors: Dorairajan N. , Pradeep P.V.
Published: February 2013

At present, physicians and surgeons treating thyroid disorders can rely on highly accurate and precise investigations, modern equipment, and state of the art operating theater to achieve optimum results; however, this was not the case at the beginning of the treatment of thyroid diseases centuries ago. We present a short history of the treatment and understanding of thyroid diseases in the past few decades. Also we present the contributions of the important surgeons who tried to perfect the treatment of thyroid diseases, including surgery, thus making modern day management easier.
THE MORPHOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE CHINESE AND THE EUROPEAN DISTRICTS IN SURABAYA, 1787-2005
Authors: Kwanda Timoticin
Published: February 2013

Recently, the phenomena of economic boom during the 1990s have led to the physical restructuring within the old centre of Surabaya. The changes is inevitable, thus the real issue is how to find the elements of persistent, constraining development to some degree that could be applied to influence future development. The objective of the research is to understand the impact of intervention, and to find the typo-morphological framework in the European and the Chinese quarters, from 1787 to 2005 for future development. A synchronic and a diachronic method is applied to understand the old town centre historical development, and the relationship between building type and urban fabric. The result shows three different degrees of persistent. The town plan of the Chinese and the European districts show a notable persistence. However the land utilization is less persistent especially in the European district such as the first and the second city wall were replaced by roads, and the first and the second fort were replaced by open space and residential uses. Finally, the buildings fabric shows a drastic change such as most of the nineteenth century Indische buildings have been replaced by the 1920s modern buildings.
STUDI REDUKSI BUNYI PADA MATERIAL INSULASI ATAP ZINCALUME
Authors: Kristanto Luciana , Sugiharto Handoko , Atmojo Adrian Dwi , Loekito Leonardus Budi Darmawan
Published: February 2013

Sound Reduction Study of Insulator of Zinc-alume Metal-roofing. Metal roofing is a common upper-structure of wide-span building. The metal material usually used as roof covering is zinc-alume; which has better performance in strength, easy-construction and its durability than other metal material. Although it has good structural performance, its performance as a sound reduction to reduce noise to the room beneath still need to be studied further. Therefore this research aimed to study how zinc-alume and its insulator perform through air-borne noise, besides structure-borne/impact noise. Insulator has been studied here are the Orca-zinc coating, glasswool, rockwool and styrofoam. The measurement done in a reverberation chamber, with pink noise source in 125 Hz- 4000 Hz frequency.
MEMAHAMI RELASI KONSEP FUNGSI, BENTUK DAN MAKNA ARSITEKTUR RUMAH TINGGAL MASYARAKAT KOTA PESISIR UTARA DI KAWASAN JAWA TIMUR (Kasus Studi Rumah Tinggal di Kampung Karangturi dan Kampung Sumber Girang, Lasem)
Authors: Fauzy Bachtiar , . Antariksa , Salura Purnama
Published: February 2013

Housing architecture in the Kampong Chinatown Karangturi - Lasem located in the North Coast of Java was the architecture of the Chinese community that had the character of the Chinese architectural style, this phenomenon is reinforced by the data entry of Chinese culture that took place since the 13th century. This study revealed how to understand the concept relation of function, form and meaning of urban housing architecture in the North Coast region of East Java. Case study looked at the extent of housing architecture in the Kampong Sumber Girang, Lasem as clients affected by the housing architecture in Kampung Karangturi as a patron. This study took the method of structuralism and typomorphology approach to unravel the phenomenon of urban coastal architecture concept of relation. The results of this study showed that to understand the concept relations of function, form and meaning of coastal architecture could be determined through the study of Javanese human behavior concept of relation, which at the end revealed the surface structure and deep structures of coastal architecture.
PELESTARIAN KAWASAN PECINAN KEMBANG JEPUN KOTA SURABAYA BERDASARKAN PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT
Authors: Sari Kartika Eka , . Antariksa , Kurniawan Eddi Basuki
Published: February 2013

This research’s objective are to identify physical, economic and culture characteristic of Kembang Jepun, analyze potention and issue related to Kembang Jepun’s preservation and develop Kembang Jepun’s preservation. Local communities’s perception is use to analyze cultural meaning of Kembang Jepun, especially building’s age, aesthetic, scarcity, originality, strengthen the cultural meaning and area’s image. Based on IPA (Importance Performance Analysis) method, most priority for cultural meanings (scale 3) in determining building’s preservation strategy in Kembang Jepun is to strengthen the cultural meaning (the original bulding’s function in maintained), Area’s image (building;s character is repeated dominantly, community’s landmark and the function is suitable with Kembang Jepun’s character). Cultural meaning that have scale 2 are aesthetic, scarcity and cultural meaning that have scale 1 are building’s age and originality. Scales of cultural meanings (1 to 3) is combine with buildings’s value and the result are: 11 ancient building for preservation’s strategy, 34 ancient buildings for conservation’s strategy, 27 ancient buildings for revitalitation’s strategy and 17 ancient buildings for rehabilitation’s strategy.
Direct Trifluoromethylation of the CH Bond
Authors: Liu Hui , Gu Zhenhua , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: February 2013

Trifluoromethylation meets CH activation: after transition metal‐catalyzed trifluoromethylation became more and more popular, trifluoromethylation via CH activation is now emerging as the latest attraction. Several pioneering examples and their mechanisms are discussed in this review.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Acylation of O‐Phenyl Carbamates with α‐Oxocarboxylic Acids at Room Temperature
Authors: Sharma Satyasheel , Kim Aejin , Park Eonjeong , Park Jihye , Kim Minyoung , Kwak Jong Hwan , Lee Sang Hwi , Jung Young Hoon , Kim In Su
Published: February 2013

A palladium‐catalyzed oxidative acylation of O‐phenyl carbamates with α‐oxocarboxylic acids via selective aromatic CH bond activation is described. This protocol represents the first ortho‐acylation of phenol derivatives, and a catalytic amount of triflic acid additive is crucial for this transformation.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Cyclohexylamine Derivatives from Prochiral Diketones via Three Biocatalytic Steps
Authors: Siirola Elina , Mutti Francesco G. , Grischek Barbara , Hoefler Sebastian F. , Fabian Walter M. F. , Grogan Gideon , Kroutil Wolfgang
Published: February 2013

Prochiral bicyclic diketones were transformed to a single diastereomer of 3‐substituted cyclohexylamine derivatives via three consecutive biocatalytic steps. The two chiral centres were set up by a CC hydrolase (6‐oxocamphor hydrolase) in the first step and by an ω‐transaminase in the last step. The esterification of the intermediate keto acid was catalysed by a lipase in the second step if possible. For two substrates the CC hydrolytic step as well as the esterification could be run simultaneously in a one‐pot cascade in an organic solvent. In one example, the reaction mixture of the first two steps could be directly subjected to bio‐amination in an organic solvent without the need to change the reaction medium. Depending on the choice of the ω‐transaminase employed and the substrate the cis‐ as well as the trans‐diastereomers could be obtained in optically pure forms.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C(sp2)H Activation and Electrophilic Amidation with N‐Fluorobenzenesulfonimide
Authors: Tang Ren‐Jin , Luo Cui‐Ping , Yang Luo , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: February 2013

An electrophilic amidation via a cationic rhodium(III)‐catalyzed C(sp2)H activation has been developed with the commercially available N‐fluorobenzenesulfonimide as the amino source under external oxidant‐free conditions. This amidation requires only a catalytic amount of base and exhibits excellent functional group tolerance and regioselectivity, providing a new avenue in direct C(sp2)H amidation.
Increased curvature of hollow fiber membranes could up‐regulate differential functions of renal tubular cell layers
Authors: Shen Chong , Meng Qin , Zhang Guoliang
Published: February 2013

Tissue engineering devices as in vitro cell culture systems in scaffolds has encountered the bottleneck due to their much lower cell functions than real tissues/organs in vivo. Such situation has been improved in some extent by mimicking the cell microenvironments in vivo from either chemical or physical ways. However, microenvironmental curvature, commonly seen in real tissues/organs, has never been manipulated to regulate the cell performance in vitro. In this regard, this paper fabricated polysulfone membranes with or without polyethylene glycol modification to investigate the impact of curvature on two renal tubular cells. Regardless the varying membrane curvatures among hollow fiber membranes of different diameters and flat membrane of zero curvature, both renal cells could well attach at 4 h of seeding and form similar confluent layers at 6 days on each membrane. Nevertheless, the renal cells on hollow fibers, though showing confluent morphology as those on flat membranes, expressed higher renal functions and, moreover, the renal functions significantly increased with the membrane curvature among hollow fibers. Such upregulation on functions was unassociated with mass transport barrier of hollow fibers, because the cultures on lengthwise cut hollow fibers without mass transfer barrier showed same curvature effect on renal functions as whole hollow fibers. It could be proposed that the curvature of hollow fiber membrane approaching to the large curvature in kidney tubules increased the mechanical stress in the renal cells and thus might up‐regulate the renal cell functions. In conclusion, the increase of substrate curvature could up‐regulate the cell functions without altering the confluent cell morphology and this finding will facilitate the design of functional tissue engineering devices. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 2173–2183. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid removal of glycerol from frozen‐thawed red blood cells
Authors: Lusianti Ratih E. , Benson James D. , Acker Jason P. , Higgins Adam Z.
Published: February 2013

The storage of red blood cells (RBCs) in a refrigerated state allows a shelf life of a few weeks, whereas RBCs frozen in 40% glycerol have a shelf life of 10 years. Despite the clear logistical advantages of frozen blood, it is not widely used in transfusion medicine. One of the main reasons is that existing post‐thaw washing methods to remove glycerol are prohibitively time consuming, requiring about an hour to remove glycerol from a single unit of blood. In this study, we have investigated the potential for more rapid removal of glycerol. Using published biophysical data for human RBCs, we mathematically optimized a three‐step deglycerolization process, yielding a procedure that was less than 32 s long. This procedure was found to yield 70% hemolysis, a value that was much higher than expected. Consequently, we systematically evaluated three‐step deglycerolization procedures, varying the solution composition and equilibration time in each step. Our best results consisted of less than 20% hemolysis for a deglycerolization time of 3 min, and it is expected that even further improvements could be made with a more thorough optimization and more reliable biophysical data. Our results demonstrate the potential for significantly reducing the deglycerolization time compared with existing methods. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29:609–620, 2013
A Flow‐Injection Potentiometric System for Selective and Sensitive Determination of Serum Lithium Level
Authors: Coldur Fatih , Andac Muberra
Published: February 2013

A potentiometric flow injection system was adopted by using a Li+‐selective electrode with improved selectivity for sensitive and selective determination of Li+ in human serum spiked samples. For the optimization of the offered flow injection system, multivariate method was utilized. Potentiometric characteristics of the system were investigated (linear range: 5.0×10−5−1.0×10−1 mol L−1, slope: 56.93 mV per decade, detection limit: 3.4×10−5 mol L−1, sampling‐rate: 40 injections per hour). The detection of Li+ in real serum samples was achieved. The obtained results for the spiked serum samples were in good agreement with IC results at 95 % confidence level.
Contact Free Impedance Methodology for Investigating Enzymatic Reactions into Dielectric Polymer Microchip
Authors: Faure Mathilde , Kechadi Mohammed , Sotta Bruno , Gamby Jean , Tribollet Bernard
Published: February 2013

A methodology for free contact microchannel impedance measurements through a dielectric microchip was developed for monitoring the kinetics of enzymatic reactions. For that purpose, we propose a procedure which consists of subtracting the impedance contribution of the dielectric polymer layer, which separates the two parallel microband electrodes embedded in it, from the global microchip impedance. This operation allows microchannel impedance enhancement for real time monitoring of impedance modulus changes without direct electrical contact. Application for determination of kinetic parameters of enzyme‐substrate reaction independently of optical or electrochemical properties of the substrates is demonstrated. Hydrolysis 4‐nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP) and 4‐aminophenylphosphate (pAPP), which are two substrates for Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), are taken as examples. Moreover, signal amplification response of the impedance modulus is achieved by the use of superparamagnetic microbeads as enzyme supports. Plotting the maximum rate against the ALP concentration gives rise to straight lines with a slope that is the hydrolysis catalytic pseudo first‐order rate constant, kcat. Sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility of these measurements have been demonstrated comparatively with both substrates. kcat values were 103 s−1 and 52 s−1 with pAPP and pNPP, respectively.
Electrochemically Prepared Polypyrrole‐2‐Carboxylic Acid Films: Synthesis Protocols and Studies on Biosensors
Authors: Foschini M. , Marletta A. , Faria R. C. , Leonard D. , Bessueille F. , Jaffrezic‐Renault N. , Gonçalves D.
Published: February 2013

The process for obtaining polypyrrole‐2‐carboxylic acid (PPY‐2‐COOH) films in acetonitrile was investigated using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical quartz crystal microgravimetry (EQCM), and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Different potential ranges were applied during cyclic voltammetry experiments with the aim of obtaining films without and with the presence of controlled amounts of water added in acetonitrile. The FTIR spectra of the films have evidenced that cations and anions from the electrolyte solution were incorporated into the PPY‐2‐COOH structure, with a preferential adsorption of cations. After chemically immobilizing polyphenoloxidase (tyrosinase, PPO), PPY‐2‐COOH/PPO films were build for amperometric detection of catechol, establishing a linear limit of concentrations ranging from 5.0×10−4 to 2.5×10−2 mol L−1.
Biomarkers Detection on Hydrogenated Graphene Surfaces: Towards Applications of Graphane in Biosensing
Authors: Tan Shu Min , Sofer Zdeněk , Pumera Martin
Published: February 2013

Graphane, the hydrogenated form of graphene, is a material of significant interest. Here we compare properties of hydrogenated graphene and ordinary graphene used for electrochemical oxidation of important biomarkers, such as ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid.
Upper mantle seismic structure beneath central East Antarctica from body wave tomography: Implications for the origin of the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains
Authors: Lloyd Andrew J. , Nyblade Andrew A. , Wiens Douglas A. , Hansen Samantha E. , Kanao Masaki , Shore Patrick J. , Zhao Dapeng
Published: February 2013

The Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains (GSM), located near the center of East Antarctica, are the highest feature within the East Antarctic highlands and have been investigated seismically for the first time during the 2007/2008 International Polar Year by the Gamburtsev Mountains Seismic Experiment. Using data from a network of 26 broadband seismic stations and body wave tomography, the P and S wave velocity structure of the upper mantle beneath the GSM and adjacent regions has been examined. Tomographic images produced from teleseismic P and S phases reveal several large‐scale, small amplitude anomalies (δVp = 1.0%, δVs = 2.0%) in the upper 250 km of the mantle. The lateral distributions of these large‐scale anomalies are similar in both the P and S wave velocity models and resolution tests show that they are well resolved. Velocity anomalies indicate slower, thinner lithosphere beneath the likely Meso‐ or Neoproterozoic Polar Subglacial Basin and faster, thicker lithosphere beneath the likely Archean/Paleoproterozoic East Antarctic highlands. Within the region of faster, thicker lithosphere, a lower amplitude (δVp = 0.5%, δVs = 1.0%) slow to fast velocity pattern is observed beneath the western flank of the GSM, suggesting a suture between two lithospheric blocks possibly of similar age. These findings point to a Precambrian origin for the high topography of the GSM, corroborating other studies invoking a long‐lived highland landscape in central East Antarctica, as opposed to uplift caused by Permian/Cretaceous rifting or Cenozoic magmatism. The longevity of the GSM makes them geologically unusual; however, plausible analogs exist, such as the 550 Ma Petermann Ranges in central Australia. Additional uplift may have occurred by the reactivation of pre‐existing faults, for example, during the Carboniferous‐Permian collision of Gondwana and Laurussia.
Cloud tuning in a coupled climate model: Impact on 20th century warming
Authors: Golaz Jean‐Christophe , Horowitz Larry W. , Levy Hiram
Published: February 2013

Climate models incorporate a number of adjustable parameters in their cloud formulations. They arise from uncertainties in cloud processes. These parameters are tuned to achieve a desired radiation balance and to best reproduce the observed climate. A given radiation balance can be achieved by multiple combinations of parameters. We investigate the impact of cloud tuning in the CMIP5 GFDL CM3 coupled climate model by constructing two alternate configurations. They achieve the desired radiation balance using different, but plausible, combinations of parameters. The present‐day climate is nearly indistinguishable among all configurations. However, the magnitude of the aerosol indirect effects differs by as much as 1.2 Wm  − 2, resulting in significantly different temperature evolution over the 20th century.
Evidence of the return of past pollution in the ocean: A model study
Authors: Stemmler Irene , Lammel Gerhard
Published: February 2013

Chemical contamination by persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is one of the anthropogenic stressors for the deep sea. Here we use a coupled multi‐compartment chemistry‐transport model to simulate long‐term transports and fate of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). We show that the pollution signal received by the surface waters through atmospheric deposition is propagating downward and that ocean currents can act as a secondary source of POPs. Besides considerable time lags with respect to the year of peak emission, we find in some areas, e.g., in the western and eastern North Atlantic temporal bimodal exposure toward the pollutants of mid‐level and deep waters (200–1500 m). This is caused by vertical and horizontal transport through advection diffusion and particle sinking. We suggest that the combination of the same processes will lead to a re‐rise of exposure in other sea regions in the future, including where deep‐sea fisheries take place.
Impacts of human activities on recharge in a multilayered semiarid aquifer (Campo de Cartagena, SE Spain)
Authors: Baudron Paul , Barbecot Florent , Aróstegui José Luis García , Leduc Christian , Travi Yves , Martinez‐Vicente David
Published: February 2013

The development of intense agriculture in semiarid areas modifies intensity and spatial distribution of groundwater recharge by summing irrigation return flow to limited rainfall infiltration. Environmental tracers provide key information, but their interpretation is complicated by more complex groundwater flow patterns. In multilayered aquifers, the real origin of the groundwater samples is hard to assess because of local mixing processes occurring inside long‐screened boreholes. We use environmental tracers (14C, 13C, 2H, 18O, 3H) to investigate the long‐term evolution of recharge in the five‐layer Campo de Cartagena aquifer in South‐Eastern Spain, in addition to high‐resolution temperature loggings to identify the depth of origin of groundwater. Despite the complex background, this methodology allowed a reliable interpretation of the geochemistry and provided a better understanding of the groundwater flow patterns. The tritium method did not give good quantitative results because of the high variability of the recharge signal but remained an excellent indicator of recent recharge. Nonetheless, both pre‐anthropization and post‐anthropization recharge regime could be identified and quantified by radiocarbon. Before the development of agriculture, recharge varied from 17 mm.year‐1 at the mountain ranges to 6 mm.year‐1 in the plain, whereas the mean annual rainfall is about 300 mm. In response to the increase of agricultural activity, recharge fluxes to the plain were amplified and nowadays reach up to 210 mm.year‐1 in irrigated areas. These values are strengthened by global water budget and local unsaturated zone studies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.