bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insights into the Mechanisms Involved in Strong Hemorrhage and Dermonecrosis Induced by Atroxlysin-Ia, a PI-Class Snake Venom Metalloproteinase
Authors: Freitas-de-Sousa Luciana , Colombini Mônica , Lopes-Ferreira Mônica , Serrano Solange , Moura-da-Silva Ana
Published: August 2017

Hemorrhage is the most prominent effect of snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) in human envenomation. The capillary injury is a multifactorial effect caused by hydrolysis of the components of the basement membrane (BM). The PI and PIII classes of SVMPs are abundant in viperid venoms and hydrolyze BM components. However, hemorrhage is associated mostly with PIII-class SVMPs that contain non-catalytic domains responsible for the binding of SVMPs to BM proteins, facilitating enzyme accumulation in the tissue and enhancing its catalytic efficiency. Here we report on Atroxlysin-Ia, a PI-class SVMP that induces hemorrhagic lesions in levels comparable to those induced by Batroxrhagin (PIII-class), and a unique SVMP effect characterized by the rapid onset of dermonecrotic lesions. Atroxlysin-Ia was purified from B. atrox venom, and sequence analyses indicated that it is devoid of non-catalytic domains and unable to bind to BM proteins as collagen IV and laminin in vitro or in vivo. The presence of Atroxlysin-Ia was diffuse in mice skin, and localized mainly in the epidermis with no co-localization with BM components. Nevertheless, the skin lesions induced by Atroxlysin-Ia were comparable to those induced by Batroxrhagin, with induction of leukocyte infiltrates and hemorrhagic areas soon after toxin injection. Detachment of the epidermis was more intense in skin injected with Atroxlysin-Ia. Comparing the catalytic activity of both toxins, Batroxrhagin was more active in the hydrolysis of a peptide substrate while Atroxlysin-Ia hydrolyzed more efficiently fibrin, laminin, collagen IV and nidogen. Thus, the results suggest that Atroxlysin-Ia bypasses the binding step to BM proteins, essential for hemorrhagic lesions induced by PII- and P-III class SVMPs, causing a significantly fast onset of hemorrhage and dermonecrosis, due to its higher proteolytic capacity on BM components.
Carbon Dioxide Reduction Targets of Hot Water Showers for People in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Ling-tim , Mui Kwok-wai , Zhou Yang
Published: August 2017

Improving water and energy efficiency in buildings is one of the best ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This study examines various energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction measures, including the use of water efficient showerheads and shower drain water heat recovery, in order to distinguish the significance of user influence on the water usage of a shower. The probability of taking a hot shower and the number of showers taken by an occupant per day, which can be evaluated from open literature data, are used as the parameters of user responses to water conservation measures in this study. A Monte Carlo model of water consumption and CO2 reduction for showering is adopted to determine the contributions of user responses. The results demonstrate that the influence of users on CO2 reduction is significant and compatible to the influence of water efficient showerheads. This study can be used as a reference to enhance water and energy incentives and to facilitate continuous improvement in building water systems.
Phonological Movement in Ukrainian
Authors: Teliga Victoria , Agbayani Brian , Golston Chris
Published: August 2017

Extant accounts of scrambling in Ukrainian generally don’t extend past object- and other NP-related processes (Féry et al. 2007, Mykhaylyk 2010). Analysis of Slavic scrambling as XP movement (Corver 1992, Bošković 2005) runs into problems with split constituency, as does OT syntax (Gouskova 2001). Remnant movement (Sekerina 1997, Bašić 2004) runs afoul of Slavic data and theory too (Pereltsvaig 2008, Kariaeva 2009). Analyses that mix syntax with prosody (Antonyuk-Yudina & Mykhaylyk 2013; Mykhaylyk 2012) are more promising but also fail. Ukrainian scrambles only prosodic entities, ignores core principles of syntax, and respects core principles of phonology.The driving force behind the scrambling is not our focus here. It is generally assumed to be pragmatic in nature, based on things like topic, focus, and givenness (e.g., Féry et al. 2007). Fanselow & Lenertová have recently argued against this, however, and claim for most scrambling that ‘accentuation rather than informational status determines which categories can be fronted’ (2012:169); their findings support Chomsky’s (2008) view that information structure does not result in movement. We leave this to future research and focus here on which part of the grammar the movement takes place in. We propose that Ukrainian scrambling is phonological movement of exactly the sort found in Ancient Greek and Latin (Agbayani & Golston 2010, 2016), and similar to the more limited type found in Japanese (Agbayani, Golston & Ishii 2015) and Irish (Bennett, Elfner, & McCloskey 2016).
An OT Analysis of Efik Contrastive Verbal Reduplication
Authors: Glewwe Eleanor
Published: August 2017

This paper provides an optimality-theoretic analysis of two types of contrastive verbal reduplication in Efik (Niger-Congo; Nigeria). Lexical contrast reduplication puts contrastive focus on the meaning of the verb while performance contrast reduplication puts contrastive focus on the tense/aspect of the verb. Lexical contrast and performance contrast reduplication have distinct phonological patterns in the affirmative but do not contrast in the negative, giving rise to three patterns (Cook 1985). I posit three verbal reduplicants, REDNEG, REDLEX, and REDPRF, and derive their segmental and tonal properties in Generalized Template Theory (McCarthy & Prince 1995). I propose that REDLEX and REDPRF are affixes while REDNEG is a root. REDLEX and REDPRF exhibit TETU effects that REDNEG does not, including onset cluster simplification, coda deletion, monosyllabicity, and the absence of high vowels. These effects are derived by ranking various markedness constraints between IO and BR-Root faithfulness and BR faithfulness. As a root, REDNEG has faithful tones. I analyze the polar tone of REDLEX as a case of alternating fixed autosegmentism (a TETU effect driven by the OCP) and the fixed high tone of REDPRF as a case of morphological fixed autosegmentism. Finally, the constraint *HLH explains the tonal behavior of LH verbs.
Actually, Serial Template Satisfaction Does Predict Medial Coda Skipping in Reduplication
Authors: Zukoff Sam
Published: August 2017

The pattern of "reduplicant-medial coda skipping" is unattested as a mode of copying in reduplication. The term coda skipping refers to a language that permits codas in roots/bases (i.e. CVC.CV...), but disallows codas from appearing in medial position in a polysyllabic reduplicant (i.e. CV.CV-CVC.CV..., not *CVC.CV-CVC.CV...). McCarthy, Kimper, & Mullin (2012) [MKM] claim that Serial Template Satisfaction (STS), a framework proposed by MKM for analyzing reduplication within Harmonic Serialism, is unique in excluding this copying pattern, which is predicted by most other theories of reduplication, notably including Base-Reduplicant Correspondence Theory (BRCT; McCarthy & Prince 1995). STS’s apparent advantage in this domain is taken as a point in favor of STS over BRCT.In this paper, I show that this claim cannot be sustained. STS, just like BRCT, must choose between allowing the unattested coda skipping pattern and disallowing the attested pattern of onset skipping, wherein complex onsets are permitted in roots/bases (i.e. CCV...) but disallowed in reduplicants (i.e. CV-CCV..., not *CCV-CCV...). In both frameworks, the mechanics that would permit onset skipping straightforwardly predict coda skipping, as well. Therefore, this empirical domain does not, in fact, provide a means of distinguishing between STS and BRCT.
The effect of schwa duration on pre-schwa mid-vowel lowering in French
Authors: Storme Benjamin
Published: August 2017

In Southern French, mid vowels are lowered in open syllables before schwa and in closed syllables. I propose that mid-vowel lowering is a strategy to enhance the perceptibility of a following consonant lacking good release cues. Open syllables followed by schwa behave like closed syllables and not like open syllables followed by a full vowel because, as a short vowel, schwa does not provide long enough release transitions to adequately cue a preceding consonant. This study provides evidence that the likelihood of lowering pre-schwa mid vowels decreases as schwa duration increases, in accordance with the perceptual hypothesis. The effect of schwa duration on mid vowel quality is derived in a model of phonology allowing for speaker-specific details of phonetic realization to influence phonotactics.
Mayak and the Typology of Labial Harmony
Authors: McCollum Adam
Published: August 2017

Mayak (Western Nilotic) exhibits a pattern of regressive labial harmony that is typologically unique in that non-high vowels undergo cross-height harmony while high vowels do not.  This pattern is exceptional under contemporary analyses of labial harmony.  This paper demonstrates that harmony in Mayak is not exceptional, but rather necessitates a redefinition of contrast in terms of auditory similarity rather than abstract features.  Moreover, it is argued herein that harmony is preferentially triggered by perceptually similar contrasts and also preferentially targets perceptually similar contrasts.  A formal analysis using phonetically-enriched representations is able to account for the Mayak pattern.  Under this analysis, syntagmatic identity is predicted to predominate the typology of labial harmony.  A statistical analysis of harmony from a survey of over sixty languages corroborates this prediction.  Thus, the analysis presented herein can account for the seemingly exceptional pattern in Mayak while maintaining key generalizations present in other contemporary analyses of labial harmony.
Footing is Not Always about Stress: Formalizing Variable High Vowel Deletion in Québec French
Authors: Garcia Guilherme D. , Goad Heather , Brambatti Guzzo Natália
Published: August 2017

The existence of foot structure in (Québec) French is disputed, since the only position of obligatory prominence in the language is the right edge of the phonological phrase. In this paper, we propose that a segmental process, namely, high vowel deletion (HVD), supports the existence of iterative iambic footing in Québec French. We report on a judgement task with auditorily-presented stimuli in which native speakers judged whether words with and without HVD sounded natural. The results show that (i) HVD is preferred in even-numbered syllables from the right word edge, (ii) HVD is preferred when the resulting consonantal cluster mirrors an ill-formed branching onset, and (iii) although non-deletion is overall preferred to deletion, deletion is preferred in one context: when the target vowel is at a suffix boundary and in foot-dependent positions.
Rhythmic Repair of Morphological Accent Assigned Outside of a Metrical Window
Authors: Rolle Nicholas
Published: August 2017

This paper studies the interaction of morphologically-assigned accent and a left-edge three syllable metrical window within which primary prominence is restricted. Kager (2012) illustrates that when morphological (or lexical) accent appears outside of a designated metrical window, primary prominence reverts to a default position within the window. I refer to this as 'default repair'. The main claim of this paper is that the Bolivian language Ese’eja demonstrates a novel type of repair called 'rhythmic repair'. In this type, when phonological accent is assigned outside a metrical window, primary prominence does not fall on a default position but rather appears on a position within the window which is rhythmically dependent on the position of accent. I argue that these Ese’eja data cannot be reduced to a type of default repair involving multiple morphosyntactically-conditioned defaults. Further, I formalize the differences between default and rhythmic repair following Kager’s (2012) view of metrical windows as decomposable into common OT constraints. While default repair involves highly ranked word-to-foot alignment constraints (e.g. Align-Wd-L) ranked above lower Faith-Accent and Parse-Syl, in contrast rhythmic repair involves splitting Faith-Accent into Accent-to-Prominence (Acc-Prom) and Accent-to-PrimaryProminence (Acc-PrimProm) constraints, and ranking Parse-Syl, Acc-Prom, and an Edgemost constraint above Acc-PrimProm and word-to-foot alignment constraints.
Learning Parametric Stress without Domain-Specific Mechanisms
Authors: Nazarov Aleksei , Jarosz Gaja
Published: August 2017

State-of-the-art learning mechanisms for stress in Optimality Theory (see, e.g., Tesar and Smolensky 2000; Boersma and Pater 2016; Jarosz 2013) make use of probabilistic mechanisms that are domain-general in that they do not refer to the content of constraints and must not be in UG. By contrast, Pearl (2007, 2011) has argued that domain-general probabilistic learners of parametric grammars (Yang 2002) are insufficient for word stress, and, instead, domain-general learning mechanisms must be stipulated in UG alongside the parameters themselves. We propose a modification of Yang’s (2002) learner based on Jarosz’s (2015) learner for Optimality Theory: the Expectation Driven Parameter Learner, and show that this modification yields a dramatic improvement in accuracy (from 4.3% to 96%) on a representative typology generated by Dresher and Kaye’s (1990) parameter set. This suggests that domain-general learning mechanisms may be sufficient for learning stress after all, contra Pearl (2007, 2011), regardless of which grammatical representation (parameters or violable constraints) is a better reflection of the human language capacity.
Editors' note
Authors: Jesney Karen , O'Hara Charlie , Smith Caitlin , Walker Rachel
Published: August 2017

This note provides details about the programme of the 2016 Annual Meeting on Phonology, including submission statistics and the review process.
The First Ionization Potential Effect from the Ponderomotive Force: On the Polarization and Coronal Origin of Alfvén Waves
Authors: Laming J. Martin
Published: August 2017

We investigate in more detail the origin of chromospheric Alfvén waves that give rise to the separation of ions and neutrals—the first ionization potential (FIP) effect—through the action of the ponderomotive force. In open field regions, we model the dependence of fractionation on the plasma upflow velocity through the chromosphere for both shear (or planar) and torsional Alfvén waves of photospheric origin. These differ mainly in their parametric coupling to slow mode waves. Shear Alfvén waves appear to reproduce observed fractionations for a wider range of model parameters and present less of a “fine-tuning” problem than do torsional waves. In closed field regions, we study the fractionations produced by Alfvén waves with photospheric and coronal origins. Waves with a coronal origin, at or close to resonance with the coronal loop, offer a significantly better match to observed abundances than do photospheric waves, with shear and torsional waves in such a case giving essentially indistinguishable fractionations. Such coronal waves are likely the result of a nanoflare coronal heating mechanism that, as well as heating coronal plasmas, releases Alfvén waves that can travel down to loop footpoints and cause FIP fractionation through the ponderomotive force as they reflect from the chromosphere back into the corona.
Five Potentially Modifiable Factors Predict Poor Quality of Life in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Results from the Scotland Registry for Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Dean Linda E. , Macfarlane Gary J. , Jones Gareth T.
Published: August 2017

Objective.

A chronic inflammatory condition manifesting in young adulthood, ankylosing spondylitis (AS) affects both physical and emotional quality of life (QOL). To inform future intervention strategies, this study aimed to (1) assess the QOL of patients with AS, and (2) identify potentially modifiable factors associated with reporting poor QOL.

Methods.

The Scotland Registry for Ankylosing Spondylitis collects clinical and patient-reported data on clinically diagnosed patients with AS across Scotland. QOL is measured using the ASQoL questionnaire [range: 0 (high) to 18 (poor)]. Potentially modifiable factors associated with reporting poor QOL (score 12–18) were examined using Poisson regression models, adjusted for a variety of demographic characteristics, plus various nonmodifiable factors. Results are given as risk ratios (RR) with 95% CI.

Results.

Data were available on 959 patients: 74% male, mean age 52 years (SD 13), median ASQoL 7.0 (interquartile range 2–12). Although many factors were univariately associated with poor QOL, 5 were identified as independent predictors: reporting moderate/severe fatigue (RR 1.60, 95% CI 1.13–2.28), poor physical function [Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) ≥ 4: 3.46, 1.76–6.82], chronic widespread pain (CWP; 1.92, 1.33–2.75), high disease activity [Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) ≥ 4: 1.52, 1.09–2.12], and poor spinal mobility [Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI) ≥ 4: 1.52, 0.93–2.50]. For these factors, population-attributable risks ranged between 20% (disease activity) and 56% (physical function).

Conclusion.

We have identified 5 potentially modifiable factors independently associated with poor QOL. These findings provide evidence that in addition to traditional clinical targets (BASDAI, BASFI, and BASMI), focus on nonspecific symptoms (CWP and fatigue), perhaps with nonpharmacological therapies, may yield important improvements in QOL.
The SPECTRA Collaboration OMERACT Special Interest Group: Current Research and Future Directions
Authors: Stok Kathryn S. , Finzel Stephanie , Burghardt Andrew J. , Conaghan Philip G. , Barnabe Cheryl
Published: August 2017

Objective.

High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) has the potential to improve radiographic progression determination in clinical trials and longitudinal observational studies. The goal of this work was to describe the current state of research presented at Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) 2016 and ensuing future directions outlined during discussion among attendees.

Methods.

At OMERACT 2016, SPECTRA (Study grouP for xtrEme-Computed Tomography in Rheumatoid Arthritis) introduced efforts to (1) validate the HR-pQCT according to OMERACT guidelines, focusing on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and (2) find alternatives for automated joint space width (JSW) analysis. The Special Interest Group (SIG) was presented to patient research partners, physicians/researchers, and SIG leaders followed by a 40-min discussion on future directions.

Results.

A consensus definition for RA erosion using HR-pQCT was demonstrated through a systematic literature review and a Delphi exercise. Histopathology and perfusion studies were presented that analyzed the true characteristics of cortical breaks in HR-pQCT images, and to provide criterion validity. Results indicate that readers were able to discriminate between erosion and small vascular channels. Moderate reliability (ICC 0.206–0.871) of direct erosion size measures was shown, which improved (> 0.9) only when experienced readers were considered. Quantification of erosion size was presented for scoring, direct measurement, and volumetric approaches, as well as a reliability exercise for direct measurement. Three methods for JSW measurement were compared, all indicating excellent reproducibility with differences at the extremes (i.e., near-zero and joint edge thickness).

Conclusion.

Initial reports on HR-pQCT are promising; however, to consider its use in clinical trials and longitudinal observational studies, it is imperative to assess the responsiveness of erosion measurement quantification.
Engaging Stakeholders and Promoting Uptake of OMERACT Core Outcome Instrument Sets
Authors: Tunis Sean R. , Maxwell Lara J. , Graham Ian D. , Shea Beverley J. , Beaton Dorcas E. , Bingham Clifton O. , Brooks Peter , Conaghan Philip G. , D’Agostino Maria Antonietta , de Wit Maarten P. , Gossec Laure , March Lyn M. , Simon Lee S. , Singh Jasvinder A. , Strand Vibeke , Wells George A. , Tugwell Peter
Published: August 2017

Objective.

While there has been substantial progress in the development of core outcomes sets, the degree to which these are used by researchers is variable. We convened a special workshop on knowledge translation at the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) 2016 with 2 main goals. The first focused on the development of a formal knowledge translation framework and the second on promoting uptake of recommended core outcome domain and instrument sets.

Methods.

We invited all 189 OMERACT 2016 attendees to the workshop; 86 attended, representing patient research partners (n = 15), healthcare providers/clinician researchers (n = 52), industry (n = 4), regulatory agencies (n = 4), and OMERACT fellows (n = 11). Participants were given an introduction to knowledge translation and were asked to propose and discuss recommendations for the OMERACT community to (1) strengthen stakeholder involvement in the core outcome instrument set development process, and (2) promote uptake of core outcome sets with a specific focus on the potential role of post-regulatory decision makers.

Results.

We developed the novel “OMERACT integrated knowledge translation” framework, which formalizes OMERACT’s knowledge translation strategies. We produced strategies to improve stakeholder engagement throughout the process of core outcome set development and created a list of creative and innovative ways to promote the uptake of OMERACT’s core outcome sets.

Conclusion.

The guidance provided in this paper is preliminary and is based on the views of the participants. Future work will engage OMERACT groups, “post-regulatory decision makers,” and a broad range of different stakeholders to identify and evaluate the most useful methods and processes, and to revise guidance accordingly.
A Multicenter Nominal Group Study to Rank Outcomes Important to Patients, and Their Representation in Existing Composite Outcome Measures for Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Tillett William , Dures Emma , Hewlett Sarah , Helliwell Philip S. , FitzGerald Oliver , Brooke Melanie , James Jana , Lord Jane , Bowen Clive , de Wit Martin , Orbai Ana-Maria , McHugh Neil ,   on behalf of the PROMPT study group
Published: August 2017

Objective.

To rank outcomes identified as important to patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and examine their representation in existing composite measures.

Methods.

Seven nominal group technique (NGT) meetings took place at 4 hospital sites. Two sorting rounds were conducted to generate a shortlist of outcomes followed by a group discussion and final ranking. In the final ranking round, patients were given 15 points each and asked to rank their top 5 outcomes from the shortlist. The totals were summed across the 7 NGT groups and were presented as a percentage of the maximum possible priority score.

Results.

Thirty-one patients took part: 16 men and 15 women; the mean age was 54 years (range 24–77; SD 12.2), the mean disease duration was 10.3 years (range 1–40; SD 9.2), and mean Health Assessment Questionnaire was 1.15 (range 0–2.63; SD 0.7). The highest-ranked outcomes that patients wished to see from treatment were pain with 93 points (20.0%), fatigue 62 (13.3%), physical fitness 33 (7.1%), halting/slowing damage 32 (6.9%), and quality of life/well-being 29 (6.2%). Reviewing existing composite measures for PsA demonstrated that no single measure adequately identifies all these outcomes.

Conclusion.

Pain and fatigue were ranked as the outcomes most important to patients receiving treatment for PsA and are not well represented within existing composite measures. Future work will focus on validating composite measures modified to identify outcomes important to patients.
Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Its Association with Cardiovascular and Noncardiac Vascular Risk in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Population-based Study
Authors: Wilton Katelynn M. , Matteson Eric L. , Crowson Cynthia S.
Published: August 2017

Objective.

To define the incidence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and determine whether OSA diagnosis predicts future cardiovascular disease (CVD) and noncardiac vascular events.

Methods.

Medical information pertaining to RA, OSA, CVD, and vascular diagnoses was extracted from a comprehensive medical record system for a geographically defined population of 813 patients previously diagnosed with RA and 813 age- and sex-matched comparator subjects.

Results.

The risk for OSA in persons with RA versus comparators was elevated, although not reaching statistical significance (HR 1.32, 95% CI 0.98–1.77; p = 0.07). Patients with RA were more likely to be diagnosed with OSA if they had traditional risk factors for OSA, including male sex, current smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and increased body mass index. Features of RA disease associated with OSA included large joint swelling and joint surgery. Patients with RA with decreased renal function were also at higher risk of OSA. The increased risk of overall CVD among patients with RA who have OSA was similar to the increased CVD risk associated with OSA in the comparator cohort (interaction p = 0.86). OSA diagnosis was associated with an increased risk of both CVD (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.08–3.27), and cerebrovascular disease (HR 2.4, 95% CI 1.14–5.26) in patients with RA.

Conclusion.

Patients with RA may be at increased risk of OSA secondary to both traditional and RA-related risk factors. Diagnosis with OSA predicts future CVD in RA and may provide an opportunity for CVD intervention.
L’inclusion dans les loisirs : une ville s’engage
Authors: Banho Maria , Maraquin Carine
Published: August 2017

Cet article propose une lecture des dimensions inégalitaires du « logement énergétiquement performant » en Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, établie à partir de l’analyse des fondements idéologiques des politiques publiques qui le formalisent : celle relative à l’accès au logement, d’une part, et celle visant la performance énergétique des bâtiments, d’autre part. L’objectif est de mettre en évidence les leviers, les tensions et les compromis inhérents à la rencontre de ces deux grands pans des politiques de l’habiter. Cette analyse entend contribuer aux études abordant les difficiles conjugaisons entre droit au logement décent et performance énergétique des bâtiments, en s’attachant à leur signification et aux valeurs qui les sous-tendent plutôt qu’à un diagnostic relatif à leur (in)efficacité sociale.
L’hospitalisation en psychiatrie : de la privation occupationnelle au soin
Authors: Riou Gaëlle , Le Roux France
Published: August 2017

Parfois l’hospitalisation en psychiatrie doit se faire sous la contrainte et implique des restrictions de certaines libertés. L’absence de possibilité d’agir sur son environnement, ou privation occupationnelle, peut faire violence et être déstructurante psychiquement. La complémentarité des interventions de l’infirmière et de l’ergothérapeute permet de créer une relation thérapeutique de confiance et de redonner à la personne toute sa place et sa dignité.
Un groupe thérapeutique « Échange de savoirs ». Comment passer des représentations à l’épreuve de la réalité
Authors: Huguet Fabien , Chavent Katia
Published: August 2017

Un groupe thérapeutique « Échange de savoirs » permet d’explorer les représentations culturelles de patients hospitalisés dans un service de resocialisation en psychiatrie adulte. Utilisant différents supports médiatiques, il aborde les questions d’actualité et les événements culturels avec pour objectif principal de permettre aux patients de se réapproprier une réalité extérieure trop souvent perçue de manière anxiogène. Les processus psychosociaux à l’œuvre au sein du groupe sont abordés individuellement puis de façon transversale, illustrant l’évolution des représentations en congruence avec l’environnement social et culturel.
La Encuesta Socio Ambiental: instrumento para el estudio integrado de espacios naturales protegidos. Aplicación a la Sierra Sur de Sevilla y Sierra de Cádiz
Authors: Calvache Marta F. , Díaz del Olmo Fernando , Cámara Rafael , Rodríguez Eva B.
Published: August 2017

La declaración de Espacios Naturales Protegidos ha producido con frecuencia conflictos con las poblaciones locales en la gestión de la conservación de la naturaleza. En respuesta a esta realidad han surgido nuevos métodos y estrategias que buscan una mejor integración de la componente social en las áreas protegidas. Este artículo presenta los resultados de una Encuesta Socio-Ambiental (ESA) realizada durante la elaboración de una propuesta de Espacio Natural Protegido para la Red de Espacios Naturales Protegidos de Andalucía en la campiña agrícola del Subbético, entre las provincias de Sevilla y Cádiz (sur de España). A partir de los datos obtenidos se propone y discute la aplicación de la figura de Paisaje Protegido (tipo Categoría V de UICN) asociada a un modelo de gestión participativa abierta.
Distribución espacial de los daños producidos por los temporales del invierno 2014 en la costa norte de España: peligrosidad, vulnerabilidad y exposición
Authors: Garmendia Pedraja Carolina , Rasilla Álvarez Domingo F. , Rivas Mantecón Victoria
Published: August 2017

Durante el invierno de 2014 se produjo una sucesión de temporales que azotaron la costa galaico-cantábrica, generando cuantiosos daños, tanto en el medio natural como en equipamientos e infraestructuras, cuya restauración fue cuantificada en alrededor de 70 millones de € .
Dada la especial sensibilidad de las playas a la erosión, este tipo de ambientes ha centrado la mayor parte del análisis. Los resultados muestran que la distribución espacial de esos daños guarda más relación con la valoración de estos espacios por parte de la población que con la intensidad del fenómeno natural o los condicionantes geomorfológicos, confirmando que las consecuencias de los eventos climáticos extremos no dependen exclusivamente de la peligrosidad del proceso sino también de la vulnerabi lidad (natural y social) de la zona geográfica afectada y de la cantidad y valor de los elementos en situación de riesgo.
Grid poblacional 2011 para España. Evaluación metodológica de diversas posibilidades de elaboración
Authors: Goerlich Gisbert Francisco J. , Cantarino Marti Isidro
Published: August 2017

Este trabajo presenta una evaluación, desde el punto de vista del usuario, de la malla regular (grid) de población, con resolución de 1 km2 , que el Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) ha hecho pública a partir de los resultados del Censo de Población y Viviendas 2011. Esta forma de difusión de resultados resulta muy novedosa y ofrece un gran valor analítico. Por primera vez esta información sobre la distribución espacial de la población se ha generado desde abajo (bottom-up) para el conjunto de España, es decir, a partir del conocimiento de las coordenadas de cada hogar, considerando como tales las del edificio donde reside. La disponibilidad de otra grid con idéntica resolución, elaborada por métodos de desagregación espacial a partir de la población censal por unidades administrativas e información auxiliar sobre coberturas del suelo (top-down), nos permite examinar las mejoras asociadas a la georreferenciación de la población acometida en el contexto de los cambios metodológicos del censo de 2011. De forma simultánea ello nos permite analizar las bondades de la grid censal.
Indicadores de desempeño para evaluar las Infraestructuras de Datos Espaciales
Authors: Jiménez-Calderón Lola , Yépez-Campoverde José , Vázquez-Hoehne Antonio
Published: August 2017

La importancia de la información geográfica en la toma de decisiones y la capacidad de las Infraestructuras de Datos Espaciales IDE para transformar las acciones de gobierno desde la perspectiva espacial, las han situado como una solución fundamental en la toma de decisiones a muchos niveles. En vista de su relevancia y de las grandes inversiones realizadas en este ámbito, existe gran interés en diferentes sectores de la sociedad por observar el impacto de las IDE, su evolución y escenarios futuros. Esto genera la necesidad de realizar una evaluación sobre su impacto, que permita obtener una cuantificación aproximada del éxito de estas iniciativas. Para ello es preciso contar con mecanismos fiables de evaluación desde diferentes enfoques y objetivos, lo que no impide que, a pesar de disponer de una amplia variedad de estudios y propuestas, siga siendo una tarea difícil. En el marco de la evaluación y monitoreo IDE, existe una variedad de enfoques que utilizan indicadores de desempeño como mecanismo válido para poder estimar su desarrollo. En este contexto se observa, el esfuerzo de expertos y organizaciones, por una parte, por consensuar un método para evaluar las IDE y por otra, por definir indicadores, que son la parte esencial de varios enfoques metodológicos. Partiendo de que los indicadores responden principalmente al deseo de medir, se observan notorias diferencias en cuanto al propósito de evalua ción, a la denominación y al alcance de los propios indicadores, lo cual muestra que aún existe mucho trabajo por realizar. Este artículo presenta un análisis comparativo del uso de indicadores para la evaluación y monitoreo del desarrollo IDE, para lo cual se ha considerado el estudio de cinco importantes iniciativas: IDEC de Cataluña, GIDEON de los Países Bajos, eSDI-Net+ e INSPIRE de Europa y UN-GGIM de América.
Los centros comerciales como espacios atractores de movilidad urbana. El caso de la Comunidad de Madrid
Authors: López García de Leániz Cristina , Míguez Iglesias Alberto
Published: August 2017

Los centros comerciales se han convertido en importantes focos de atracción en las periferias de las principales aglomeraciones urbanas. Los consumidores se desplazan hasta ellos fundamentalmente en vehículo privado, lo que compromete los objetivos de las políticas de movilidad sostenible que fijan la mayor parte de las metrópolis. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la movilidad provocada por los centros comerciales del área metropolitana de Madrid, a partir de la realización de encuestas realizadas in situ en once grandes superficies. Se parte de la hipótesis de que la localización de los centros comerciales condiciona en gran medida las pautas de comportamiento de los consumidores que atraen. Por lo tanto desde el punto de vista de las políticas públicas, las soluciones deberían abordarse más desde la perspectiva de la ordenación urbana que desde la mejora de las infraestructuras y de los servicios de transporte.
Más allá del escombro. Causas de la ubicuidad, permanencia y visibilidad de paisajes ruinosos en las ciudades chinas
Authors: Ortells-Nicolau Xavier
Published: August 2017

En las últimas décadas, como parte de la ingente urbanización en China, aparecen en el paisaje urbano parcelas derruidas y terrenos baldíos. Este artículo analiza las causas estructurales de la presencia y visibilidad de los espacios de demolición en función del análisis del conglomerado político, legal y económico de China.
Tras una breve descripción del desarrollo de las políticas urbanísticas durante el maoísmo, y de los cambios que conllevó el inicio de las reformas económicas, se desagregan el funcionamiento y actores principales del desarrollo urbanístico, se correlaciona la emergencia de la demolición con una serie de dinámicas, cadenas de autoridad y dependencias entre instituciones y agentes, y se establecen distintos tipos de espacios de demolición. Finalmente, se hacen notar reacciones y respuestas intelectuales y sociales a la demolición.
Lire des romans français dans l'espace allemand du XVIIIe siècle : collections, lectures, médiations
Authors: Ferrand Nathalie
Published: August 2017

Cet article se propose de présenter les résultats d'une enquête sur la présence du roman français à travers les bibliothèques personnelles de plusieurs lecteurs allemands du XVIIIe siècle, à Weimar et à Munich, bibliothèques féminines et masculines, princières ou bourgeoises. À chaque fois, les documents manuscrits que les propriétaires de ces livres ont eux-mêmes rédigés ou ont fait rédiger par un bibliothécaire, dressent un portrait intime d'eux-mêmes. Le roman français y est présent, parfois commenté par des jugements esthétiques avisés, parfois décrit avec des informations sur leur provenance, leur commerce et leurs censures qu'ils ont encourues. Ainsi c'est une part de la vie du roman français hors de France et ses rencontres avec des lecteurs étrangers qui surgit de ces collections anciennes et méconnues
Lire les philosophes français dans l’Italie de la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Schwarze Sabine
Published: August 2017

Au cours du XVIIIe siècle, la vocation de la langue française à « l'universalité », telle qu'elle est proclamée pompeusement par Rivarol en 1784 dans sa célèbre dissertation, est due surtout au prestige des œuvres—littéraires, philosophiques, scientifiques—qui s'expriment en cette langue. Le Siècle des lumières converse et écrit en français, même si on n'est pas francophile. Malgré une large diffusion du français en Italie, les grands textes français du siècle posent des problèmes de divers genres à la lecture: problèmes de diffusion ou bien de marché, provoqués par une politique restrictive de l'achat et de l'édition; problèmes linguistiques, la compétence linguistique des Italiens ne permettant pas la compréhension effective de textes philosophiques et scientifiques en français; problèmes de traduction, la langue italienne n'ayant pas les mêmes capacités pour rendre soit le lexique soit la syntaxe du français avec la même précision et clarté. À la motivation idéologique pour une étude des grands auteurs des Lumières européennes s'adjoint, dans le cas spécifique des Lumières françaises, l'héritage d'un fort sentiment de « concurrence » linguistique et culturel par rapport à la France. « Lire les Français » signifie alors jusqu'au XIXe siècle toujours confrontation linguistique, comparaison de deux systèmes linguistiques dont l'histoire dès le début est aussi une histoire d'influence réciproque, et au niveau métalinguistique d'un débat continuel
Rupture et déconstruction des codes de lecture du roman espagnol : le cas du Fray Gerundio de José Francisco Isla (1703-1781)
Authors: Bender Martina
Published: August 2017

Si l’on peut postuler l’existence d’une variante espagnole des Lumières, force est, cependant, de constater aussi ses limites idéologiques et mentales. C’est ainsi que les ilustrados, cette élite intellectuelle et politique qui avait l’ambition d’établir un État qui serait fondé sur les maximes de la raison et du bien commun, pour la réalisation de leurs projets rencontrèrent de nombreuses difficultés. Ils devaient reconnaître que la majorité de ses contemporains, loin de s’engager en faveur de changements exigeant de nouveaux modes de penser, se maintenait plutôt dans les cadres conceptuels de l’Ancien Régime et n’était, par conséquent, nullement prête à briser les structures périmées d’une société tombée en léthargie. C’est dans cette lignée, que l’activité d’écrivain du père jésuite José Francisco de Isla (1703-1781) s’inscrit dans les batailles idéologiques des dos Españas. Représentant du courant satirique de la littérature espagnole, dans sa Historia del famoso predicador Fray Gerundio de Campazas, aliàs Zotes, publiée en 1758 sous un pseudonyme littéraire, l’auteur dénonce surtout le problème de l’ignorance et du manque d’instruction. C’est pour cet esprit critique que le roman du Padre Isla trouva le soutien des ministres éclairés qui le considéraient, en dépit de ses marques d’esprit jésuitique, comme un instrument pédagogique bien apte à appuyer leur propre combat. D’autre part, il est facile à expliquer qu’il fut persécuté par ceux qui se reconnaissaient comme cible de la satire et qui, en interdisant sa parution, contribuaient à la création d’un best-seller de la librairie espagnole du XVIIIe siècle
Voltaire, Reading. The Corpus des notes marginales and Voltaire’s Annotations to his Books on Spain, Portugal and Latin America
Authors: Bremer Thomas
Published: August 2017

Within the different types of documents which illustrate the historic development of reading processes, the manuscript annotations to a printed text are probably the most expressive interaction between an author and his reader and the directest possible response to what a reading person has under his eyes. On this background, it is even more astonishing that the publication of an extensive corpus of marginalia by one of the most important authors of the European Enlightenment—the Corpus des notes marginales de Voltaire, published since 1979 in an unique collaboration between Russian, German and British institutions—has received up to now nearly no attention at all by the researchers on the 18th century.—The article gives a general overview over the traces of Voltaire’s readings in his library sold to the tsarina in 1778, traces which can be found in around 30% of the 3863 works in 6814 volumes. Special attention is given to the documentation of Voltaire’s marginalia in his books on Spain, Portugal and the colonies in Latin America, mostly originating from the time in Verney (1758-1778) and ranging from Don Quijote and the Manuel des inquisiteurs to Las Casas and informations on Mexico, Peru and Paraguay
Représentations picturales du livre et de la lecture dans l’Angleterre du XVIIIe siècle : quel iconotexte ?
Authors: Détis Élisabeth
Published: August 2017

La lecture se pratiquait selon des modes multiples (silencieuse, à la famille rassemblée...) et les sujets d’intérêt étaient extrêmement divers (Shakespeare, Milton, Pope, récits de voyage, biographies, essais économiques, fiction...). En peinture, la représentation d’eux-mêmes, de leurs maisons, de leurs chevaux et de leurs familles était le principal sujet d’intérêt des commanditaires de tableaux. Héritières des peintures hollandaises où figure en bonne place un livre ouvert ou une lettre, de nombreuses toiles anglaises mettent en scène la « textualité en peinture » (« textuality in painting ») selon les mots de W. J. T. Mitchell. Le corpus retenu pour cet article est d’une douzaine d’œuvres. L’étude des représentations picturales du livre et de la lecture obéit à des contraintes particulières qui tiennent essentiellement à la nature particulière de l’objet décrit. Représenter en effet un livre dans une image c’est faire d’un texte une image : c’est elle qui est vue et non le texte qui est lu directement, mais le texte est à la fois présupposé (on sait ce que contient un livre : des mots) et donné à lire (au modèle). L’on part de l’image et l’on aboutit au texte, voire au contexte : qu’est ce que cette image dit de l’écriture, de la lecture à l’époque ? Qu’est ce qu’elle reflète des goûts du personnage ? Mais l’on n’a pas pour autant quitté l’image : quel est le mode de représentation picturale de ces activités de lecture et de ces objets-supports, les livres ? L’on revient enfin à l’image-texte : l’écriture qui a le texte comme résultat et la lecture dont il est le support sont-elles des activités humaines qui donnent lieu à une représentation fondamentalement différente que ne le serait par exemple celle du sport ou des loisirs. À quel genre d’iconotexte le spectateur-lecteur est-il confronté quand le livre est représenté par l’image, quand la peinture parle et que la poésie se tait (« Pictura loquens, poesis tacens ») ?
La relation auteur-lecteur dans les paratextes de la fiction des Lumières : une logique de la contrainte
Authors: Arends Isabelle Brouard
Published: August 2017

L’étude interroge en particulier deux romans épistolaires qui ont marqué les esprits du temps, La Nouvelle Héloïse et Adèle et Théodore de Mme de Genlis (1782). La question posée est la suivante : en quoi La Nouvelle Héloïse et son paratexte, en particulier, son Entretien sur les romans entre l’éditeur et un homme de lettres, peuvent être considérés comme une étape décisive dans l’élaboration de la relation auteur-lecteur, peut-on préciser auteur-lectrice ? Julie, est-elle emblématique des rapports de la femme au savoir, tels que la fiction les a construits à cette époque ? En quoi le roman de Mme de Genlis qui est précédé d’une préface, dans les éditions postérieures à la première édition, dans laquelle il est fait mention et de la Nouvelle Héloïse et d’Émile et qui reprend les mêmes configurations décelables dans l’Entretien sur les romans, en quoi donc ce roman entérine une démarche d’adresse au lecteur, ou plutôt, d’adresse à la lectrice ?
Clio et clivages politiques. La lecture de l’Histoire chez les pédagogues français du XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Losfeld Christophe
Published: August 2017

Avant le dix-huitième siècle, l’enseignement de l’histoire, qui s’adresse prioritairement à la noblesse, s’intéresse de manière privilégiée aux histoires religieuse et antique. À ce titre, il évolue doublement durant l’époque des Lumières, en s’ouvrant à un public qui n’est plus exclusivement aristocratique comme à l’histoire nationale. Par là, l’Histoire, qui n’est plus garantie par une interprétation providentielle mais est l’objet d’un examen par la raison, s’avère peu à peu sujette à l’interprétation politique. Cela jette sur elle le soupçon d’être un instrument idéologique des élites en place qui, par sa lecture, s’efforcent de conforter le pouvoir, ainsi que le formulera Rousseau avec le plus de clarté dans l’Émile en dénonçant tout enseignement de l’histoire dès qu’il ne concerne plus une Antiquité quasiment mythifiée. Cette critique radicale sera confortée par les théoriciens traditionnalistes de l’éducation mais décriée par les partisans de l’enseignement de l’Histoire qui voient en celle-ci un instrument de l’enseignement moral
Mecanismo de performance cênica nas comédias de Aristófanes: ponto e focalização
Authors: Oliveira Jane Kelly de
Published: August 2017

Este artigo objetiva evidenciar dois importantes mecanismos de performance cênica existentes nas peças de Aristófanes, autor de comédias gregas do século V a.C. Partimos do pressuposto de que é possível encontrar no texto elementos que são importantes para a operacionalização cênica das comédias daquela época. Neste artigo mostraremos que, no momento de composição, sabendo das condições materiais da realização cênica, o comediógrafo utilizava algumas interessantes estratégias, dentre as quais destacaremos duas: (i) ele inseria falas-lembrete nos cantos corais que serviam como um ponto para a coreografia dos coreutas, e (ii) ele usava o corpo coletivo do coro como um sinalizador que indicava ao espectador os elementos cênicos que são importantes para o desenvolvimento do enredo e que, por isso, mereciam atenção da plateia. Essas duas estratégias presentes na composição das peças são similares, não idênticas, aos conceitos atuais de ponto e focalização.
De uma literatura combativa a uma literatura pacificada: a questão do controle sobre a poesia de Cora Coralina
Authors: Mollo Lúcia Tormin , Mata Anderson Nunes da
Published: August 2017

Cora Coralina, poeta goiana, travou uma batalha intensa para alcançar o reconhecimento, principalmente, de seus pares da literatura. Reconhecimento que só veio 13 anos depois da publicação de seu primeiro livro, Poemas dos Becos de Goiás e estórias mais (1965). Neste texto buscaremos delimitar ao que podemos atribuir tais barreiras, por meio da análise tanto da recepção do trabalho de Cora Coralina pelo meio literário goiano, com base no conceito de ‘controle do imaginário’, de Luiz Costa Lima (2013), quanto das escolhas da poeta pela marginalidade, observadas a partir do pensamento de Pascale Casanova (2011) sobre as ‘literaturas combativas’.