bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical study of microbiological organisms causing liver abscess
Authors: Suraj Lisha , Kadam Pallavi S.
Published: September 2021

Background: Liver abscess is a disease reported commonly in developing countries like India. It can be amoebic or pyogenic liver abscesses, the diagnosis of which is challenging to treating physicians. This clinical study was con-ducted to identify the common microbiological organisms causing liver abscess so that proper treatment can be administered.Methods: A prospective study was conducted in MGM Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai for a period of 2 years in 50 patients diagnosed with liver abscess. Pus culture and blood culture were carried out in all patients and data recorded and analyzed for microbiological profile.Results: The pus and blood cultures were showing growth in 90% of the liver abscess patients. Klebseilla was the most common organism identified in liver abscess followed by Staphylococcus aureus.Conclusions: Most of the patients had polymicrobial organisms identified in the aspirate of which 29% were Klebseilla pneumoniae, the commonest organism.
Comparison of troponin 1 level among the patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting with and without adenosine as an adjunct to blood cardioplegia
Authors: J. Kishore Lal , V. Vinu C. , H. Abdul Rasheed M. , S. Sony P.
Published: September 2021

Background: Cellular injury is not avoidable with current cardioplegic solutions. No method of cardioplegia has been shown to completely protect the myocardium against cellular injury. The objective of the study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of adenosine as an adjunct to blood cardioplegia during CABG.Methods: A retrospective study at GMCT, Thiruvananthapuram in CABG patients for 3 years from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2019, between the age of 40 and 70 years. Patients with other chronic diseases and pre-operative echo showing EF less than 40% were excluded. The study variables were level of troponin I intra and postoperative period, time taken for cardiac standstill, number of days in ventilator, ICU and on inotropic supports. Also, postoperative lactate levels, changes in RWMA and EF.Results: Of the total 75 subjects, 40 got adenosine while 35 didn’t. The mean post op EF for those who got adenosine is 55.30 and without is 56.46. The mean time of cardiac stand still with adenosine is 12.88 sec and without is 16.51 sec. The mean post op troponin I level in those who got adenosine is 6.43 and without is 12.94.Conclusions: Decreased level of troponin I and inotropic requirement suggests that an optimal myocardial protection. Adenosine usage helps in early extubation but doesn’t alter the number of days in ICU. Adenosine is safe, gives more rapid cardiac arrest but it will not alter the post op left ventricular function.
A comparative study between direct safety trocar insertion versus veress needle technique for creating pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic surgeries
Authors: Datey Ashirwad , Jain Satyendra , Patel Rahul
Published: September 2021

Background: There are two methods of trocar insertion in laparoscopic surgeries one is direct insertion and second is Veress needle insertion. In this study we compared these two methods.Methods: In this study we divided 50 patients equally into two group group A for in group A patients, direct trocar insertion technique was used for creation of pneumoperitoneum whereas amongst patients of group B, pneumoperitoneum was created using Veress needle insertion technique.Results: The incidence of visceral injuries, vascular injuries and other post-operative complications were similar in both the groups. The present study observed no significant difference in failure rates between two methods.Conclusions: Both the techniques i.e.; Direct trocar insertion (DTI) and Veress needle technique are equally effective, safe and feasible for creation of pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic procedure.
Unusual complications of a common disease in COVID times: a case series
Authors: Kaur Avneet , Chawla Avneet Singh , Sangtam T. Lirangla , Himaja Mandalapu , Sewalia Pooja
Published: September 2021

Acute appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical emergency worldwide. 20-30% of cases of appendicitis can complicate which is defined as perforation, purulent peritoneal collection, abscess formation and generalized peritonitis. The risk of perforated appendicitis increases when appropriate treatment for acute appendicitis is delayed. There has been an avoidance of both urgent or emergency and routine medical care because of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) concerns all over the world. In our study, the delayed presentation of the patients with acute appendicitis to the hospital prevented appropriate management leading to a much more morbid disease course. Increasing accessibility of medical and telehealth services might help prevent delay of needed care. Even during the COVID-19 pandemic, persons experiencing a medical emergency should seek and be provided care without delay.
Gallbladder ascariasis: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Janjua Azwa , Sarwar Muhammad Zeeshan , Farooq Muhammad Shahid , Iftikhar Sadaf , Naqi Syed Asghar
Published: September 2021

Ascaris Lumbricoides uncommonly presents as a cholecystitis due to anatomical considerations. Despite that it presents 2.1% of the hepatobiliary ascariasis. Patients usually have vague symptoms of vague abdominal pain sometimes with fever, mimicking cholecystitis. Ultrasonography (USG) helps in definite diagnosis. We present a case of 50 years old female with gallbladder ascariasis for which cholecystectomy was done successfully.
Neonatal priapism: first reported case in South East Asia and literature review
Authors: Emmanuel John , Razali Siti Maisarah , Azmi Muhammad Asyraf , Veejeyahshegarun Banuprritaa , Arvind Michael , Yin Chow Lai
Published: September 2021

Neonatal priapism varies significantly in aetiology and clinical course compared to older children and adults. This entity is rare and limited to case reports. Due to its rarity, management options are not well defined and this leads to variations in treatment practices. Almost all cases are idiopathic and achieve detumescence following a minimalist approach. We reported a case of neonatal priapism on day 1 of life and review the literature available.
Median arcuate ligament syndrome and a laparoscopic coeliac trunk first approach: a literature review and a proposed algorithm
Authors: Chen Ji , Sarkar Anik , Jaber Mouhannad
Published: September 2021

Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is a rare condition where chronic recurrent abdominal pain is related to the compressive effects of the median arcuate ligament on the coeliac artery. The mechanism behind this phenomenon is incompletely understood but thought to be both ischemic and neuropathic in nature. As a result, the management of this condition remains controversial. Furthermore, while there have been a variety of options both radiological and interventional described for the investigation of MALS, there has yet to be a consensus in how patients exhibiting symptoms should be assessed and worked up. In this article, we described a laparoscopic coeliac trunk first approach in a young female patient and following review of the literature, propose an algorithm that can be used in the assessment and management of suspected MALS.
Acute intestinal obstruction in Peutz Jeghers syndrome: a case report
Authors: Anuragi Gajendra , Bagwan Afroz I. , V. S. Ramprakash , C. Sugumar , Lakshmanamoorthy Naganath B. O.
Published: September 2021

Peutz Jeghers syndrome is an autosomal dominant hereditary disorder affecting male and female equally. It is characterised by mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation and hamartomatous polyp in gastrointestinal tract with increased risk of malignancy. We report here a case of 52-year-old patient with traits of Peutz jeghers syndrome presented with acute intestinal obstruction following colocolic intussusception. Peutz jeghers syndrome is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder. Individual may present in rare case with acute intestinal obstruction associated with intussusception due to polyps.
A rare presentation of gastric gastro-intestinal stromal tumour managed by stomach preserving surgery: a case report
Authors: Patil Arun S. , Raut Dnyaneshwar , Swami Aishwarya V. , Hussain Khadeija A. , Patil Kanishk N.
Published: September 2021

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the alimentary canal that account for 0.1–3% of all gastrointestinal malignancies. Vast majority of these tumors have oncogenic gain-of-function mutations of the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase. The mainstay of treatment is complete surgical resection followed by adjuvant therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Imatinib). We present a case report of 47 years old male presenting with a large abdominal lump, later diagnosed as a Gastrointestinal stromal tumor and underwent stomach preserving sleeve gastrectomy.
Isolated penile Fournier’s: a caveat
Authors: Rajendran Theakarajan , Paneerselvam Rajapriyan , Verma Shikhar , Gopal Balasubramanian
Published: September 2021

Isolated penile Fournier’s gangrene is a rare condition causing significant morbidity to the patients. It occurs due to urinary tract infection or trauma. We describe an elderly male who presented with blackish discoloration of the skin of the penis with fever. Examination revealed a necrotic patch over the shaft of the penis without any other foci of infection around the perineum. Penis was debrided, and the antibiogram showed Escherichia coli sensitive to amikacin. He received seven days of antibiotics, and the wound granulated well. A split skin graft was used to cover the wound to prevent contraction. This unusual presentation requires expeditious management to prevent mortality and morbidity.
COVID vaccine related lower limb gangrene: the first case report
Authors: Lal Nishant , Khan Shafy Ali , Pillai Aiswarya R. , Khan Shafy Ali
Published: September 2021

Though there have been multiple cases of arterial thrombosis and gangrene of limbs reported following COVID-19 infections, there has not been any case reported following COVID-19 vaccinations. Here we reported a case of acute lower limb ischemia following COVID-19 vaccination in a 32 year male with no co-morbidities. The clinical symptoms and signs related to lower limb ischemia started 2 weeks after COVID-19 vaccination. Despite anticoagulation, thrombo embolectomy and intraluminal catheter guided thrombolysis, patient’s left forefoot became gangrenous and had to be amputated.
Brachial artery perforator propeller flap reconstruction of post electrical burn defect axilla
Authors: Mahipathy Surya Rao Venkata , Durairaj Alagar Raja , Sundaramurthy Narayanamurthy , Jayachandiran Anand Prasath , Rajendran Suresh
Published: September 2021

In the current scenario, propeller flaps are an attractive choice for single stage coverage of a large number of defects. They have a more reliable vascular pedicle than traditional flap and allow for greater freedom in design and wide mobilization and minimal donor-site morbidity. Harvesting of a propeller flap requires appropriate patient selection, preoperative planning, and meticulous dissection and these techniques greatly reduce the complication rates. Here, we present a case of a post burn raw area of the right axilla which was debrided and covered with a brachial artery perforator propeller flap.
Air leak syndrome in COVID-19 – A case series
Authors: Mathew Manju , Kalliath Antony , Varghese Benju S , Mathew Alex
Published: September 2021

Air leak syndrome manifesting as pneumomediastinum (PM), pneumothorax (PNX) or subcutaneous emphysema (SCE) has been reported in COVID-19 patients with increasing frequency and with varying outcomes. We report a series of eight cases of PM or SCE from 1 April to May 31, 2021, among COVID-19 patients admitted in our ICU. All the patients had severe hypoxemia (PaO2/FiO2 ratio ≤100) and were on noninvasive ventilation when the air leak was detected except one. PM/SCE was observed mostly on the 3 to 5 day after instituting positive pressure ventilation. High respiratory drive with mean tidal volumes in the range of 6 to 10ml/kg predicted body weight was observed in these patients. Mean inspiratory pressure (Pressure support + positive end expiratory pressure) and mean positive end expiratory pressure delivered by the ventilator ranged between 11 to 21 and 5 to 12 cm HO respectively. Outcomes varied with four deaths, four patients requiring intubation, two patients requiring chest drainage and four patients showing overall improvement out of the total eight patients with air leak.

1.Air leak syndrome is not rare in COVID-19 with reported incidence of 10-14%; 2. Spontaneous noninvasive ventilation in patients with high respiratory drive and large fluctuations in tidal volumes seems to be a risk factor for air leak in patients with severe lung involvement; 3. A conservative approach without intercostal drainage seems to be acceptable in the absence of pneumothorax; 4. Prognosis is varied depending on the underlying disease and not always catastrophic.
Making Race: Examining the Power of Local Place in Teacher Discourse in Mauritius
Authors: Wiehe Elsa
Published: September 2021

Teaching to students’ local experiences is a tenet of good teaching in many contexts. This study explores the ways eight educators use local meanings in discourse. Through ethnographic work in an elementary school in the township of Roche-Bois, Mauritius, I examine teachers’ words about students’ localities. Articulating critical discourse analysis with theories of space, I evaluate whether teachers’ place-based meanings perpetuate or transform long-standing historical patterns of racialization associated with the town. The analysis identifies how processes of racialization take shape through place-based discourse. I draw implications for a critical pedagogy of the local to support decolonizing teacher knowledge.
La evidencia y su prueba. Diseño de un test de evidencia y su aplicación en el derecho
Authors: Riofrío Martínez Villalba Juan Carlos
Published: September 2021

El objetivo principal de este artículo es diseñar un método para detectar qué cosas pueden considerarse “evidentes”. Comienza analizando cómo se ha entendido la evidencia en la tradición aristotélica y tomista hasta nuestros días. Después del estudio histórico, en el Capítulo III se procede a realizar un análisis sistemático de la noción de evidencia y sus clases. En este trabajo se descubren diez características que aparecen en las cosas evidentes (en las ideas, en los primeros principios, nociones más básicas, pruebas, etc.). Definidas estas diez características, la forma de diseñar una prueba de evidencia resulta fácil. El Capítulo IV hace esto: primero se diseña un test negativo, que muestra que algún argumento no es evidente, y luego un test positivo, que indica que alguna idea, principio, prueba, etc. parece ser evidente. Terminamos este trabajo con algunas consideraciones sobre cómo este test-dual puede funcionar en la ciencia del derecho.
Aportes filosóficos para una agenda de mujer y construcción de paz en Colombia
Authors: López Gómez Catalina , Estévez Cuervo Hernando Arturo
Published: September 2021

Los acuerdos de paz concertados entre el gobierno colombiano y las FARC en 2016 se han visto no solo como la finalización del conflicto armado, sino como la posibilidad de imaginar y construir una sociedad inclusiva, justa y participativa. Se ha argumentado que los acuerdos de paz son la ruta más corta para lograr los objetivos del Estado democrático, y cumplir con lo estipulado en su narración como parte de un pacto social que conlleva a la convivencia pacífica. Sin embargo, una mirada detallada y crítica a los lugares descriptivos y, por ende, prácticos a los acuerdos desde un punto de vista del feminismo centrado en la noción de diferencia revela en los acuerdos un sentido de exclusión y marginalización de la mujer que reproduce los marcos teóricos de un feminismo centrado en la igualdad y la equidad. El pensamiento filosófico de Luce Irigaray permite fracturar y descentrar las lógicas masculinas en la tradición filosófica de occidente y abre paso a la diferencia como concepto que recrea y re-imagina el espacio público y el marco político. Así, se posibilita una inclusión que fortalece la ciudadanía como derecho y como única garante de la reconciliación en la sociedad colombiana.
Justicia como tolerancia: una lectura de la migración venezolana acontecida actualmente en Colombia desde las teorías de la Justicia y la Tolerancia de Jacques Derrida y Jürgen Habermas
Authors: Almeyda Sarmiento Juan David , Arenas Pérez Juan Esteban , Corzo Laverde Herwin Andrés , Peña Neira Damaris Julieth , Jaimes Ramírez Diego Armando , Jerez Rueda Daniela , Córdoba Diego Andrés
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo pone en diálogo dos teorías sobre la justicia frente al fenómeno migratorio, específicamente, aquel que corresponde a la movilización masiva de ciudadanos venezolanos a Colombia desde el caso particular de la ciudad de Bucaramanga. Lo anterior tiene por objetivo proponer alternativas frente a los principales conflictos que han surgido con el choque cultural, político y económico que conlleva una movilización de esta envergadura en un país poco capacitado. Para conseguir esta meta, se proponen tres momentos; primero, se exponen en conjunto tanto la teoría de Jürgen Habermas como la de Jacques Derrida, el primero de estos al respecto de la relación justicia-tolerancia, mientras que el segundo lo hace desde la dupla justicia-hospitalidad. Seguidamente, se exponen algunos puntos principales para ser analizados sobre la ola migratoria en Colombia, de modo que, finalmente, se pueda hacer una lectura desde el aparato conceptual de ambos autores a la problemática migratoria en la ciudad de Bucaramanga.
Redes de coautoría en investigación sobre agronomía en sistemas de innovación agrícola
Authors: Romero-Riaño Efrén , Guerrero-Santander Cesar Darío , Martínez-Ardila Hugo Ernesto
Published: September 2021

Increasingly, Agricultural Innovation Systems, AIS, have been recognized as fundamentals pathways for agricultural science impact. This new thinking focuses on innovation, not as the end of pipe outcome of knowledge transfer, but as a continuous process ofsocial, technical and scientific collaboration at regional and higherlevel systems that impacts on productivity and innovation performance. This paper surveys the agricultural innovation system in Colombia. We analyze collaboration between authors, institutions and countries from the perspective of social network analysis to introduce a descriptive review of the scientific collaboration in terms of links (discipline structure) and nodes (actors). A mixed methodology is implemented based on co-authorship bibliometric mapping using VOS VIEWER and social network analysis based on the software UCINET. Whereas exogenous authors and institutions are the most connected in terms of interaction, they have lower influence than endogenous authors.
Aplicación de la ingeniería concurrente orientada a la fabricación de una herramienta para la extracción tuerca-corona en una excavadora
Authors: Coba-Salcedo Milton Fabian , Vanegas-Rojas Guillermo , Vargas-Henríquez Lisandro , Rodriguez-Peña Alfonso
Published: September 2021

El artículo presenta la aplicación de la Ingeniería Concurrente integrando el diseño para la calidad (QFD) y el diseño para la manufactura y ensamble (DFMA), en la fabricación de una herramienta mecánica para el desmonte de una turca-corona de una excavadora sobre orugas. El estudio se desarrolló debido a la necesidad que tuvo el Departamento de Mantenimiento de una empresa de extracción de carbón, en desarmar una transmisión de propulsión de la excavadora hidráulica RH340B para reparar alguna de sus partes en mal estado. El análisis se basó en que el diseño de esta herramienta cumpliera con las especificaciones del torque necesario para el desarme del sistema. Se concluye que a través de los métodos aplicados da como resultado un diseño de 26 piezas, con valores aceptables en la eficiencia del ensamble y en el factor de complejidad. Además, la herramienta fabricada fue de gran ayuda para desarmar el mando final, pues su fabricación local consiguió que se ahorrara casi un 75% de los costos de inversión que exigía la adquisición de una herramienta original de TEREX|O&K.
Development of Sampling and Analysis Methods to Identify and Quantify Gas Emissions in the Sewerage Network Développement de Méthodes
Authors: Roveretto Marie , Namour Philippe , Raffin Guy
Published: September 2021

Increasing population and urbanization have direct consequences on the sewer functioning. In order to identify and quantify gases and VOCs likely to be present in the sewers, methodological studies of sampling in sewer using airbags, canisters and adsorbent tubes were assessed, and methods of analysis by GC-MS were developed. The results obtained lead to propose improvements to sampling protocols in the sewers. The gas quantification is complicated by low gas concentrations, environment heterogeneity and a high hygrometry.
Communication and Decision Support Systems
Authors: Palestini Luigi
Published: September 2021

In emergencies, assessment and communication activities are particularly important for the support of the top decision-making bodies, to evaluate “just in time” the best actions to be taken. The multiple problems to be solved require specific skills in different areas. Upon the occurrence of a calamity, the authorities must answer questions such as “is a given place safe from the threat (e.g., an oncoming flood)?”, that’s why today knowledge of tools that can support decision-making is increasingly necessary: the so-called Decision Support Systems (DSS), software that allow users to improve situation assessment, helping all those who must make strategic decisions. Hand in hand with the growing interest in DSS there is an increasing use of communication systems based on IT. First responders know that to face an emergency everything must be prepared and planned, also communication. In fact, DSS and voice/data transmission systems are often integrated into a single system, as proposed by the European projects FIRE IN and IN PREP, because managing information is crucial for carrying out rescue activities in the best possible way. This work describes the impact of new technologies on rescue and emergency management in Italy and Europe, highlighting the challenges associated with their use.
The HotSpot Code as a Tool to Improve Risk Analysis During Emergencies: Predicting I-131 and CS-137 Dispersion in the Fukushima Nuclear Accident
Authors: Malizia Andrea , Chierici Andrea , Biancotto Sergio , D’Arienzo Marco , Ludovici Gian Marco , d’Errico Francesco , Manenti Guglielmo , Marturano Fabio
Published: September 2021

Conventional and non-conventional emergencies are among the most important safety and security concerns of the new millennium. Nuclear power and research plants, high-energy particle accelerators, radioactive substances for industrial and medical uses are all considered credible sources of threats both in warfare and in terror scenarios. Estimates of potential radiation releases of radioactive contamination related to these threats are therefore essential in order to prepare and respond to such scenarios. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate that computational modeling codes to simulate transport of radioactivity are extremely valuable to assess expected radiation levels and to improve risk analysis during emergencies helping the emergency planner and the first responders in the first hours of an occurring emergency.
Evaluation of the Permanence of Flame Accelerating Material on Burned Material with GC-MS Analytical Techniques
Authors: De Maio Claudio
Published: September 2021

The aim of the work is to evaluate the permanence, understood as a presence detected by the analyzes, after a burn, of the flame-accelerating material used to start a fire, even in largely burnt residues, in order to be able to recognize, even in the investigative context, whether the fire was caused by an accident or if it was facilitated by the emission (voluntary or non- voluntary) of a flame-accelerating substance. The analytical technique used to give answers to this is the use of the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), which allows to detect the presence of flame accelerators even in small quantities in the samples. A series of burnt material samples will be reproduced in a controlled environment, originally containing flame-accelerating materials and then compared to burnt samples without flame-accelerating agents. The results will be obtained through GC-MS analysis with the headspace (HS) and fiber (SPME) method, in order to evaluate, in greater detail, which of the two methods is the best performing to achieve the objective. As final result, the SPME fiber is very performing for the goal to be achieved, because it is able to detail the flame accelerating compounds found.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Deep Learning Methods for Face Mask Detection
Authors: Gedik Onur , Demirhan Ayşe
Published: September 2021

The usage of mask is necessary for the prevention and control of COVID-19 which is a respiratory disease that passes from person to person by contact and droplets from the respiratory tract. It is an important task to identify people who do not wear face mask in the community. In this study, performance comparison of the automated deep learning based models including the ones that use transfer learning for face mask detection on images was performed. Before training deep models, faces were detected within images using multi-task cascaded convolutional network (MTCNN). Images obtained from face mask detection dataset, COVID face mask detection dataset, mask detection dataset, and with/without mask dataset were used for training and testing the models. Face areas that are detected with MTCNN were used as input for convolutional neural network (CNN), MobileNetV2, VGG16 and ResNet50. VGG16 showed best performance with 97.82% accuracy. MobileNetV2 showed the worst performance for detecting faces without mask with 72.44% accuracy. Comparison results show that VGG16 can be used effectively to detect faces without mask. This system can be used in crowded public areas to warn people without mask that may help the reduce the risk of pandemic.
Extraction and Classification of Mouth Shape Features in Oral English Teaching Based on Image Processing
Authors: Zhang Qian , Xiao Liyan , Shi Yanfang
Published: September 2021

Mouth shape identification helps oral English learners discover the features of their lip movements in English speaking, and correct their pronunciation more smoothly. So far, few scholars have applied image processing to identify mouth shape features of oral English learners. Most studies consider little about environmental factors, and ignore the changing mouth shape in pronunciation. Therefore, this paper explores the extraction and classification of mouth shape features in oral English teaching based on image processing. Firstly, an extraction and classification model were established for mouth shape features in oral English teaching. Then, the mouth shape images of oral English teaching were preprocessed. After that, the authors segmented the lips in oral English video frames based on neural network, extracted the lip boundaries from the said frames, and fitted them into curves. The proposed model was proved effective through experiments.
Megjegyzések a Vizsolyi biblia nyelvéről
Authors: A. Molnár Ferenc
Published: September 2021

A cikk elsősorban azt a problémát tárgyalja, hogy egy bibliai héber szintagmát, amely ugyanannak az igének egy infinitívet és egy véges alakot tartalmazott, hogyan fordították le a régi magyar bibliafordításokban, különösen az első teljes Bibliában, a Vizsolyi Bibliában (1590, Vizsoly) és a későbbi, átdolgozott kiadásaiban. A héber szerkezetekben az infinitivusnak van kiemelő funkciója. A régi magyarra általában -va, -ve (-ván, -vén) határozói igenév végződéssel fordították, pl.: kérve kér ’kérve kér’ = ’könyörög’; vagy igéből származó főnévvel, határozói funkcióban: halállal hal ’halállal meghal’ = ’bizonyára meghal’. Ezek a bibliai szerkezetek a beszélt és az irodalmi nyelvre is hatást gyakoroltak (különösen Ady Endre költészetére †1919), és sajátos figura etymologicát alkotnak.
A magyar nyelv Romániában (Erdélyben)
Authors: Sándor Anna
Published: September 2021

A vizsgált kiadvány szerzői, Péntek János és Benő Attila objektív képet adnak a romániai (erdélyi) magyar nyelv helyzetéről. 2020-ban ezzel a kötettel zárult az a sorozat, amely 1998 óta nyolc országban végzett magyar nyelvi szociolingvisztikai kutatások eredményeit közölte. Ez a hatodik folytatás hasonlóságokat és eltéréseket mutat a korábban megjelent kötetekhez képest. A könyv nyolc fő fejezete a sorozat többi kötetével és a téma multidiszciplináris jellegével összhangban a magyar nyelv és közösség bemutatásán túl a nyelv működési feltételeit meghatározó külső tényezőket, valamint az ebből eredő folyamatok és a nyelv/nyelvhasználat jellemzőit is vizsgálja. A romániai magyar nyelv helyzetében megfigyelhető különbségek ellenére a kiadvány számos szociolingvisztikai és kétnyelvűségi alapú univerzálékra mutat rá, amelyek a többi külső régióban is azonos vagy hasonló formában jelennek meg.
A románok nevei Anonymus gesztájában és ami körülöttük van (2. rész)
Authors: Senga Toru
Published: September 2021

Az Anonymus (III. Béla király névtelen jegyzője) által használt három vlach név (plur. Blachii, Blasii, Blaci) a latin végződések eltávolításával valójában a Blach (nem Blachi), Blas (nem Blasi) és Blac etnonimák. Egyik sem magyar nyelvalak (>oláh), és egyik sem hozható közvetlen kapcsolatba a szláv vlach (plur. vlasi > olasz) alakkal. A Gesta Hungarorum szerzője, aki nemcsak közjegyzői korában, hanem a későbbi időkben is tevékenykedett a hivatalos ügyekben, krónikája megírásához felhasználhatta információit. Anonymus Erdély urát, Gelout a vlachok fejedelmének (dux Blacorum) nevezi, ami összhangban van azzal, hogy II. András király oklevelében a Blaci alakot használták a dél-erdélyi oláhok megjelölésére. Tekintettel arra, hogy Magyarország latin műveltségét a pápai kancellária befolyásolta, nem meglepő, hogy a Bulgarii et Blachii kifejezést a pápai kancellária mintájára formálták, különösen III. Innocent pápa leveleiben, amelyekben a bolgárok és a vlachok szerepelnek. együtt (Bulgaria et Blachia, Bulgarorum et Blachorum stb.). Anonymus a Cumanorum et Bulgarorum atque Blacorum kifejezést Henrik flandriai latin császár körleveléből kölcsönözte, amelyet 1213-ban II. András király udvarának is elküldtek. A Blas név megegyezik a A negyedik keresztes hadjárat a balkáni oláhok megjelölésére Anonymus használta az erdélyi oláhokra, aki kapcsolatban állt a magyarországi vallon és francia nyelvű telepesekkel. A krónikás valószínűleg a 13. század első két évtizedének forrásaiból merítette a szóban forgó három nevet.
A szegmentumok bemutatása a régi magyar grammatikában (2. rész)
Authors: C. Vladár Zsuzsa , Markó Alexandra
Published: September 2021

A korai magyar nyelvtanok és a latin nyelven írt magyar nyelvtani irodalom számos leírást tartalmaz a magyar szegmensleltárral egészében, vagy egyes fonémák összefüggésében. A cikk egyik célja, hogy bemutassa a nyelvtani szerzők által a magyar szegmensleltár jellemzésére használt terminológiát. A tanulmány megvizsgálja az egyes szerzők műveiben szereplő terminológia eredetét és változatait, valamint a szegmensek halmazával, tagolásával és az általuk kiváltott pszichoakusztikus képpel kapcsolatos kortárs feltételezéseket is. A dolgozat másik célja annak vizsgálata, hogy a modern kísérleti fonetika eredményei miként kapcsolódhatnak a korai grammatikusok által alkalmazott metaforikus leírásokhoz, és milyen jellegű, kísérleti adatokkal alátámasztott artikulációs-auditív tapasztalatok vezethettek a szegmensek jellemzésére használt terminológia fejlesztéséhez.
A magyar számlálószókról
Authors: Kicsi Sándor András
Published: September 2021

A számlálószók a világ legtöbb nyelvén megtalálhatók, és sok nyelven alkotnak is kidolgozott rendszerek, például a kínai és sok más délkelet-ázsiai nyelven. A számlálószók egyik fő csoportja az osztályozóké, amelyek a főneveket az általuk jelölt entitás típusa szerint, a másik fő csoport, a mérőké pedig a mennyiség terminusaiban specifikálják. Érdemes megvizsgálni, hogy a magyarban a főnevek közül melyek felelnek meg egyáltalán a számlálószóság kritériumainak. Az alábbiakban – egyáltalán a számlálószónak a magyar nyelvleírásban való elhelyezésére – első lépésként, egy disztribúciós vázlatot mutatok be, amelyen sok finomítás eszközölhető.
Struktúrája teszi-e a verset műalkotássá?
Authors: Péter Mihály
Published: September 2021

A számlálószók a világ legtöbb nyelvén megtalálhatók, és sok nyelven alkotnak is kidolgozott rendszerek, például a kínai és sok más délkelet-ázsiai nyelven. A számlálószók egyik fő csoportja az osztályozóké, amelyek a főneveket az általuk jelölt entitás típusa szerint, a másik fő csoport, a mérőké pedig a mennyiség terminusaiban specifikálják. Érdemes megvizsgálni, hogy a magyarban a főnevek közül melyek felelnek meg egyáltalán a számlálószóság kritériumainak. Az alábbiakban – egyáltalán a számlálószónak a magyar nyelvleírásban való elhelyezésére – első lépésként, egy disztribúciós vázlatot mutatok be, amelyen sok finomítás eszközölhető.
Stereo-PIV investigation of the unsteady flow in the draft tube of a model hydro turbine
Authors: Litvinov Ivan , Sharaborin Dmitry , Shtork Sergey , Dulin Vladimir , Alekseenko Sergey , Oberleithner Kilian
Published: September 2021

Varying the generator load of a hydro turbine results in short-term changes in the rotation frequency of the runner, leading inevitably to flow instability and strong flow swirling behind the turbine. This may lead to the formation of unsteady flow regimes featured by vortex instability of the swirling flow behind the runner, known as the precessing vortex core (PVC) Dorfler et al. (2012). This effect causes dangerous periodic pressure pulsations that propagate throughout the water column in the draft tube. The present study reports on stereo PIV measurements of the air flow field inside a transparent draft tube of a model hydro turbine for a wide range of operation conditions. The research is focused on the time-averaged flow properties (mean velocity field and the second-order moments of velocity fluctuations), pressure pulsations and coherent flow structures in the velocity field.
Volumetric Lagrangian Particle Tracking, Air water interface, insect locomotion, surface tension
Authors: Steinmann Thomas , David Larent , Braud Patrick , Casas Jérôme
Published: September 2021

Over a thousand animal species are capable of walking on the interface between air and water. These speciesinclude water striders, a family of insects from the order Hemiptera that has an almost unique ability to walk on the surface of the water without penetrating it. They achieve this outstanding feat by making use of the surface tension and their long hydrophobic legs. Experiments have revealed that water striders transfer some momentum to the underlying fluid through capillary waves and hemi-spherical vortices and that both waves and vortices contribute to the mechanism of propulsion. However, the exact momentum and energy carried by waves and vortices have never been quantified together, and only the energy of the surface waves has been quantified to date. An analysis of the complete energy balance between the interface and the body of the water requires measurement of the free surface topography, together with the three-dimensional (3D) flow field in the water under the surface. The ultimate aim of this work was to develop a method capable of doing this.
Examining the Effects of Fluid Velocity Gradients on 4D Digital Holographic PIV/PTV Measurements
Authors: Xia Yuan Jing , Sun Bihai , Ahmed Asif , Soria Julio
Published: September 2021

4D digital holographic PIV/PTV (4D-DHPIV/PTV) methods have demonstrated theoretical viability due to their relative ease of setup and high spatial resolution (Soria (2018)). This study investigates how velocity gradients related to different flow regimes and their magnitudes affect 3-component–3-dimensional (3C-3D) digital holographic PIV measurement uncertainty.
The error introduced by velocity gradients within the interrogation volume is studied by simulating particles in a velocity field, with a given constant velocity gradient superimposed on a uniform flow from which a time-series of hologram pairs are generated and the 3C-3D velocity fields and their errors are determined using 4D-DHPIV/PTV Sun et al. (2020). Hologram pairs are simulated by modelling the propagation and particlediffraction of coherent laser light using the angular spectrum method (Goodman (1996)). The hologram reconstruction then involves direct reconstruction, followed by deconvolution, a particle position refinement and a hologram subtraction step (Sun et al. (2020)). The particle positions obtained from 4D-DHPIV/PTV are then used to resolve particle displacement measurements using 3D cross-correlation digital analysis with a 3D Gaussian fit to sub-pixel resolution (Soria (2006)).
The effects of velocity gradients on the displacement uncertainty and bias error have been investigated by undertaking Monte Carlo simulations under a range of velocity gradient environments. Specifically, 5 common velocity gradients have been studied, which included pure strain, pure vorticity and x, y and z-directional shear.
The results indicate that the novel 4D-DHPIV/PTV has poorer accuracy and precision in the z-propagation axis, resulting in larger minimum uncertainties and bias errors. The errors in the z axis are also significantly less affected by velocity gradients in the z direction when compared to the effects of x and y directional velocity gradients on x and y errors respectively. Furthermore, the rate of cross-correlation maximum and SNR decrease are approximately 1.36 times slower due to velocity gradients in the z axis than other axes.
Calibration correction of arbitrary optical distortions by non-parametric 3D disparity field for planar and volumetric PIV/LPT
Authors: Michaelis Dirk , Mychkovsky Alexander , Wiswall James , Prevost Richard , Neal Doug , Wieneke Bernhard
Published: September 2021

In this study, a new image calibration approach is presented that corrects arbitrary optical distortions by utilizing non-parametric, 3D disparity fields. A calibration plate with a high spatial resolution (i.e., high density of calibration marks) was used to identify optical distortions that remain after the initial calibration, which were then used to create a correction field for the pinhole or polynomial mapping functions. Results from a pipe flow experiment with four cameras using volume self-calibration (VSC) and Shake-the-Box Lagrangian particle tracking (STB LPT) are presented and the impact of the improved calibration is discussed. Using the calibration marks with the correction field, distortions of initially more than 20 pixels are reduced below 1 pixel. Using VSC with the correction field allows further reduction of average calibration disparities below 0.02 pixels (maximum 0.5 pixels), whereas without a correction field the remaining average disparity is much higher at 1 pixel (maximum 5 pixels). STB analysis of the data shows a considerable higher spatial resolution at the pipe wall and a consistent spatial distribution of the number of detected particles in the measurement volume.
Uncertainty Quantification for PTV/LPT data and Adaptive Track Filtering
Authors: Janke Thomas , Michaelis Dirk
Published: September 2021

Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) or Lagrangian Particle Tracking (LPT) picked up a lot of interest over the last years due to their ability to acquire global flow fields at high spatial and temporal resolution. The most recent research focused mainly on algorithmic advancements in order to increase the obtainable data density and on its application to new flow cases. Only a small amount of studies tried to quantify the measurement uncertainties linked to these volumetric measurement approaches. Within this contribution we want to present how to acquire measurement uncertainties for the position, velocity and acceleration for each data point along a trajectory by means of linear regression analysis tools. Based on these uncertainties, an adaptive filtering approach is introduced, which eliminates the user’s choice of the filter kernel length and which automatically determines its optimal value.
Investigation of Best Practices in Volumetric Reconstruction for Plenoptic PIV
Authors: Sapkota Bibek , Kelly Dustin , Tan Zu Puayen , Thurow Brian S.
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates the effect of smoothing operation in 3D reconstruction using a plenoptic camera. A plenoptic camera - also known as light field camera - features a commercial off the shelf camera with added microlens array (MLA) behind the imaging lens, directly in front of the sensor. The main lens focuses the light to the MLA plane, where each microlens then re-directs the light to small regions of pixels behind, each pixel corresponding to different angle of incident (T. Fahringer (2015)) (Adelson and Wang (1992)). Thus, MLA encodes angular information of incident light rays into the recorded image that assist to acquire 4D information (u,v,s,t) of light-field including both position and angular information of light rays captured by the camera (Ng et al. (2005)) (Adelson and Wang (1992)).
Applications of Particle Tracking Velocimetry to severe nuclear accident experimentation
Authors: Johnson Michael , Journeau Christophe
Published: September 2021

Experimental research into severe nuclear accidents may entail the discharge of a very high-temperature lava-like molten fuel mixture, corium, either into a pool of less-dense, more-volatile coolant or onto a solid substrate where the corium will spread and cool. In both instances, remote, high-speed video imaging is usually required to interpret these transient interactions and PTV represents a powerful tool for the characterisation of the dynamic properties of discrete melt fragments or distinctive features in the surface of the melt during spreading. Nuclear fuel-coolant interactions present particular challenges for PTV analysis as a molten jet and its fragments can exhibit high rates of inter-frame deformation and undergo fragmentation with a relatively high frequency. A PTV algorithm, adapted to these challenges, is presented whereby a user-defined tolerance in the evolution of certain particle properties is used to refine the potential candidate particles prior to particle matching. This candidate refinement step is used to distinguish between acceptable levels of deformation between successive sightings of a given particle, and more substantial changes consistent with fragmentation or coalescence, requiring the tracking of a new particle. Implementation of the PTV algorithm is presented for (1) an X-ray video from the FCINA-30-1 experiment between a jet of molten stainless steel and liquid sodium, conducted at the JAEA’s MELT facility, and (2) video imaging of the VE-U9-ceramic experiment of a molten corium-thermite mixture spreading on a zirconium substrate, conducted at the CEA’s VULCANO facility. The latter case-study enabled the characterization of > 70,000 local velocity vectors at locations corresponding to distinctive temperature heterogeneities in the surface of the spreading melt, providing extensive insight into the spreading dynamics for the validation of corium spreading models.
Application of simultaneous time-resolved 3-D PTV and Two Colour LIF in Studying Rayleigh-Benard Convection
Authors: Kashanj Sina , Nobes David
Published: September 2021

To study the flow topology and temperature distribution of Rayleigh-Benard convection in a highly slender cell, measurement of the simultaneous velocity and temperature in the 3-D domain is required. For this aim, implementing a simultaneous time-resolved 3-D PTV and two-colour PLIF is planned. As a part of this development, for both PTV and two-colour PLIF techniques, the experimental setup has been implemented separately to measure time-resolved 2-D velocity and temperature and is presented in this paper. For PTV, a scanning system is also utilized to scan the flow field to capture the planar velocity in different depths of the flow domain. Progress on calculation of the out-of-plane velocity component including the theory is discussed. Finally, results of the time-resolved 2-D PTV and PLIF systems are presented.
Noise canceling to compute second order statistic from SPIV
Authors: Foucaut Jean-Marc , Yuvaraj Rakesh , Cuvier Christophe
Published: September 2021

Stereoscopic PIV (SPIV) is performed near the wall in a turbulent boundary layer at high Reynolds numbers (Reτ = 2272, 3840) in the streamwise-wallnormal plane. A novel method for denoising the statistics is proposed by the use to two independent SPIV systems to capture the same field of view, with the objective being that the random noise associated with the velocity fluctuations are not correlated between two independent PIV systems. The derivatives in the third (spanwise) direction are obtained by axisymmetry assumptions [George and Hussein (1991)] and continuity equation. The statistics are in agreement with that of DNS at comparable Reynolds number, from y + = 25 for lower Reτ experiment and from y + = 40 for higher Reτ experiment.
Development of micro soap bubble generator for PIV tracer using home stereolithography 3D printer
Authors: Shibata Shu , Yamazaki Takumi , Matsuda Hisashi
Published: September 2021

A micro soap bubble generator for tracers for PIV measurement was developed using a home stereolithography 3D printer. The nozzle has a coaxial triple pipe structure, and an orifice cap is attached to the nozzle head. The inner diameter of the central pipe is 0.7 mm, and the wall thickness of the central pipe is 0.7 mm. From the comparison of the smoke wire visualization result of the flow around the cylinder placed under the mainstream flow velocity of 3 m/s and the PIV measurement result, it was confirmed that the generated micro soap bubbles have good followability to the flow. Generated bubbles’ particle size was estimated to be Φ0.2 mm at the minimum and Φ6.3 mm at the maximum. The most common was Φ0.9 mm ± 0.1 mm, accounting for more than 50% of the total.
PIV and deformation measurements on the rotor blade of a rotating, scaled model wind turbine with flexible blades under tailored inflow conditions
Authors: Wester Tom T. B. , Kröger Lars , Langidis Apostolos , Nietiedt Simon , Rofallski Robin , Goering Martina , Luhmann Thomas , Peinke Joachim , Gülker Gerd
Published: September 2021

Wind turbines face harsh inflow conditions when operating in the atmospheric boundary layer or in the wake of other wind turbines. The incoming velocity field can change within seconds due to the turbulent structures it contains, resulting in a rapid change of several degrees in the angle of attack for the rotating blade. Aerodynamics are hence rapidly altered, leading to changes of the occurring forces on the rotor. Such dynamic forces cause the blades to twist and bend, accelerating fatigue and reducing the lifetime of a turbine Spinato et al. (2009).