bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human-water interactions associated to cercarial emergence pattern and their influences on urinary schistosomiasis transmission in two endemic areas in Mali
Authors: Sidibé Bakary , Agniwo Privat , Diakité Assitan , Savassi Boris Agossou Eyaton-olodji Sègnito , Doumbo Safiatou Niaré , Akplogan Ahristode , Guindo Hassim , Ibikounlé Moudachirou , Dembélé Laurent , Djimde Abdoulaye , Boissier Jérôme , Dabo Abdoulaye
Published: August 2024

Background

Mali is known to be a schistosomiasis-endemic country with a limited supply of clean water. This has forced many communities to rely on open freshwater bodies for many human-water contact (HWC) activities. However, the relationship between contact with these water systems and the level of schistosome infection is currently receiving limited attention. This study assessed human-water interactions including cercarial emergence pattern and their influences on urinary schistosomiasis transmission in two communities in the Kayes district of Mali.

Methods

We carried out a parasitological study first in children in September 2021, then a cross-sectional study of quantitative observations of human-water contact activities in the population, and finally a study of snail infectivity at contact points in September 2022. The study took place in two communities, Fangouné Bamanan and Diakalèl in the Kayes region of western Mali. The chronobiological study focused on cercarial release from naturally infected snails. Released cercariae were molecularly genotyped by targeting the cox1 region, and the ITS and 18S ribosmal DNA gene (18S rDNA) regions of the DNA. Links between sociodemographic parameters, human water-contact points and hematuria were established using multivariate statistical analysis or the logistic regression model.

Results

The main factor predisposing the 97 participants to water contact was domestic activity (62.9%). Of the 378 snails collected at 14 sampling sites, 27 (7.1%) excreted schistosome cercariae, with 15.0% (19/126) at Fangouné Bamanan and 3.3% (8/252) at Diakalel. The release of Schistosoma cercariae shows three different patterns in Fangouné Bamanan: (i) an early release peak (6:00–8:00 AM), (ii) a mid-day release peak (10:00 AM–12:00 PM) and (iii) a double peak: (6:00–8:00 AM) and (6:00–8:00 PM) cercariae release; and two release patterns in Diakalel: early release (6:00–8:00 AM) and (ii) mid-day release (12:00–2:00 PM). All cercariae released during early diurnal (6:00–8:00 AM) or nocturnal emission patterns (6:00–8:00 PM) were hybrids parasite having an cox1 S. bovis or S. curassoni associated with an ITS and 18S rDNA of S. haematobium while the cercariae released during diurnal, or mid-day patterns (8:00 AM–6:00 PM) were pure S. haematobium.

Conclusions

Our study showed that domestic activity is the main source of exposure in the Kayes region. Two and three cercariae emission patterns were observed at Diakalel and Fangouné Bamanan respectively. These results suggest that the parasite adapts to the human-water contact period in order to increase its infectivity.

Graphical Abstract
Peer Review in Radiation Oncology: Where Does the Middle East, North Africa, and Türkiye Region Stand?
Authors: Abutaha Shatha , Mula-Hussain Layth , ElHaddad Mostafa , Sami Sara , Ammar Khawla , Dahbi Zineb , Jabbour Caroline , Selek Ugur , Abu-Hijlih Ramiz , Al-Ibraheem Akram , Abuhijla Fawzi , Abbasi Ahmed , Bushehri Ahmad , Alotain Ibrahim , Aldehaim Mohammed , Alghamdi Majed , Abu-Gheida Ibrahim , Pervez Nadeem , Youssef Bassem , Alrashidi Saad , El-sheshtawy Wael , Hosni Ali , Mohamad Issa
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE

This study aims to assess the status of radiation oncology peer review procedures across the Middle East, North Africa, and Türkiye (MENAT) region.

METHODS

A cross-sectional electronic survey was conducted among radiotherapy centers in the MENAT region in March 2024. It assessed peer review practices, departmental demographics, perceived importance of peer review, and potential barriers.

RESULTS

Data from 177 radiation oncology centers revealed varying peer review implementation across the MENAT region. Egypt had the highest participation (16.4%) among all responders. Most centers (31%) treated 500-1,000 cases annually. The majority (77.4%) implemented peer review, with varying levels between countries and across different centers. Advanced radiotherapy techniques significantly correlated with implementation of peer review ( P < .05). Peer review meetings were mostly scheduled on a weekly basis (46%) and organized by radiation oncologists (84.7%). Target volume contouring (89%) and radiotherapy prescription (82%) were frequently peer-reviewed. Respondents with peer review at their institutions significantly valued peer review for education, adherence to guidelines, improving planning protocols, and reducing variation in practice institutions without peer review ( P < .05). The most frequently reported barriers to peer review were having a high number of patients (56%) and shortage of time (54%).

CONCLUSION

Peer review is essential for improving the quality of practice in radiation oncology. Despite some discrepancies, numerous obstacles, and challenges in implementation, it is instrumental in the improvement of patient care in most centers throughout the region. Raising awareness among radiation oncologists about the importance of peer review is paramount to lead to better outcomes.
Patient Experience of Complex Genomic Sequencing Exploring Patient Preference, Barriers, and Enablers for Delivery
Authors: Smith Kortnye , O'Haire Sophie , Markman Benjamin , Gan Hui K. , O'Byrne Kenneth , Millward Michael , Tran Ben , Solomon Benjamin J. , Scott Clare , Kee Damien , McArthur Grant , Fellowes Andrew , Khoung-Quang Dong Anh K. , Ekert Paul , James Paul , Xu Huiling , Martyn Melissa , Lynch Elly , Weerasuriya Rona , Gaff Clara , Fox Stephen B. , Desai Jayesh
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE

Despite increasing evidence of benefit supporting complex genomic sequencing (CGS) in personalizing cancer therapy, its widespread uptake remains limited.

METHODS

This mixed-methods, prospective cross-institutional demonstration study was designed to evaluate implementation of CGS in the care of patients with advanced cancer. DNA sequencing was undertaken on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor and matched blood was completed with the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Comprehensive Cancer Panel; 391 genes via central laboratory. Oncologists performed consent and result delivery. Patients completed pre- and post-test surveys, including validated and study-specific questions and, if eligible, semistructured interviews. Qualitative interviews were undertaken with study clinicians to evaluate processes.

RESULTS

One hundred ninety-nine (63%) had ≥1 finding with the potential to affect management, including 172 (55%) whose finding could affect their treatment options, 25 (8%) whose test led to the resolution of diagnostic ambiguity, and 49 (16%) with a pathogenic germline variant. In 6-month follow-up, 50 (16%) participants had their subsequent therapy changed on the basis of their CGS results. Two hundred ninety-three (88% of adult patients) completed surveys at three time points. At consent, patients cited multifaceted value in testing, showed good understanding of basic concepts, but most (69%) overestimated the likelihood of result-led change. Post-test patients remained consistently satisfied with accessing CGS. 21% struggled with understanding results but there were low levels of decisional regret after participation (89% had nil/mild regret). Clinicians cited collaboration and communication as critical to delivery.

CONCLUSION

Patients undergoing CGS are generally satisfied and place value on its use beyond potential therapeutic benefit. Our results suggest that to improve test utility and delivery of CGS with value to patients and investing institutions, focus must be placed on addressing the additional barriers to its wider implications including efforts to improve process efficiencies, clinician genomic literacy, and decision-making support.
False-Positive Circulating Tumor DNA Results Do Not Explain Lack of Efficacy for PARP Inhibitors in Patients With Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Harboring ATM and CHEK2 Mutations
Authors: Fallah Jaleh , Xu Jianjin , Joeng Hee-Koung , Weinstock Chana , Heiss Brian L. , Maguire William F. , Gao Xin , Cheng Joyce , Chang Elaine , Agrawal Sundeep , Fiero Mallorie H. , Pazdur Richard , Kluetz Paul G. , Amiri-Kordestani Laleh , Suzman Daniel L.
Published: August 2024

False-positive ctDNA results do not explain lack of efficacy for PARPi in patients with ATMm and CHEK2m CRPC.
Application of Topographical Anatomy of the Trochlear Nerve in Transtentorial Approaches: An Anatomic Study
Authors: Peto Ivo , Pressman Elliot , Piper Keaton , Flores-Milan Gabriel , Ryan Casey , Vakharia Kunal , van Loveren Harry , Agazzi Siviero
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Transection of the free edge of tentorium (FET) might be necessary when approaching cavernous sinus lesions, clip placement in certain posterior communicating artery aneurysms, or during transpetrosal and retrosigmoid transtentorial approaches. No anatomic study has investigated the relationship of the trochlear and oculomotor nerve and FET in an attempt to identify a safe zone for such maneuver.

METHODS:

Ten embalmed specimens (20 sides) were studied and the following morphometric measurements were taken using digital microcalipers: trochlear (TP) to oculomotor porus (OP), length of the intratentorial segment of cranial nerve (CN) IV, nerve free FET, and distance along the oculomotor (CN III) from its OP to CN III/trochlear (CN IV) crossing and angle between the long-axis petrous ridge and TP (petrotrochlear angle).

RESULTS:

The CN IV pierced the deep layer of the FET in all cases at a mean distance 8.11 mm (4.43-11.33) posterior to the OP, measured along the FET. CN IV continued within the tentorial edge for a mean of 6.17 mm (3.18-11.33) before entering the cavernous sinus at a mean distance of 1.9 mm (0-5.46 mm) from the posterior-most aspect of the OP. A nerve-free portion of FET was 1.93 mm (mean) (0-5.46). No nerve-free FET segment (<1 mm) was observed in 4 sides (20%), and a nerve-free FET segment <2.00 mm was seen in 55% of cases. The mean distance from OP to the CN III/IV crossing was 10.17 mm (1.00-15.57). The mean petrotrochlear angle was 164.49° (140.01-183.85), and >175° in 4 specimens (20%).

CONCLUSION:

Our data confirm presence of the intratentorial segment of CN IV. Transection of the FET carries the lowest risk of CN IV injury if performed < 2 mm or >10 mm posterior to the OP, or posterior to intersection of the FET and a virtual extension of a petrous ridge.
Valuing Long-Term Property Rights with Anticipated Political Regime Shifts
Authors: He Zhiguo , Hu Maggie , Wang Zhenping , Yao Vincent
Published: August 2024

We identify exposure to political risk by exploiting a unique variation around land lease extension protection after 2047 in Hong Kong’s housing market due to historical arrangements. Relative to properties that have been promised an extension protection, those with unprotected leases granted by the current government are sold at a discount of 8 percent; those with colonial leases suffer an additional discount of 8 percent. Incorporating estimated structural parameters that suggest an additional 20 percent ground rent after 2047, our model matches empirical discounts well across lease horizons. Discounts increase over time, particularly in areas with greater pessimism about the city’s future. (JEL D72, G12, R31, R38)
In-Kind Transfers as Insurance
Authors: Gadenne Lucie , Norris Samuel , Singhal Monica , Sukhtankar Sandip
Published: August 2024

Households in developing countries often face variation in the prices of consumption goods. We develop a model demonstrating that in-kind transfers will provide insurance benefits against price risk if the covariance between the marginal utility of income and price is positive. Using calorie shortfalls as a proxy for marginal utility, we find that this condition holds for low-income Indian households. Expansions in India’s flagship in-kind food transfer program not only increase caloric intake but also reduce caloric sensitivity to prices. Our results contribute to ongoing debates about the optimal form of social protection programs. (JEL D12, H53, I18, I38, O12, O15)
Le développement inégal dans les Balkans
Authors: Πλεύρης Κωνσταντίνος
Published: August 2024

Μια διαδικασία κοινωνικού μετασχηματισμού έλαβε χώρα μετά το 1989 στα Βαλκάνια: η περίοδος μετά το 1989 σηματοδότησε την άφιξη του καπιταλισμού, ενός κοινωνικού συστήματος όπου η κυκλοφορία των εμπορευμάτων γενικεύτηκε και περιέλαβε σχεδόν την πλειονότητα των κοινωνικών αλληλεπιδράσεων. Αυτό είχε ως αποτέλεσμα μεταφορές αξίας, όχι μόνο μεταξύ ατόμων ή στρωμάτων, αλλά και μεταξύ πόλεων, περιοχών ή ολόκληρων εθνών. Αυτή τη διαδικασία πόλωσης των αξιών την αποκαλούμε άνιση ανάπτυξη. Όσον αφορά τη γεωγραφία, η άνιση ανάπτυξη συνδυάζει τόπους με ποιοτικό και ποσοτικό τρόπο: ορισμένοι από αυτούς συσσωρεύουν αξίες, ενώ άλλοι υφίστανται μια αποστράγγιση αξιών προς τους πρώτους. Θα μελετήσουμε το παραπάνω σε πολλαπλές κλίμακες: διεθνείς, περιφερειακές και τις μελέτες περίπτωσης μας, δηλαδή το Βελιγράδι, το Βουκουρέστι, τη Σόφια και το Σαράγεβο. Μετά τη διακριτή τους μελέτη, θα προχωρήσουμε σε μια σύνθεση, η οποία θα ενώσει όλες τις κλίμακες, ώστε να παρουσιάσουμε τις μεταφορές αξίας σαν να αποτελούν μια ενιαία κίνηση, εγγενής στον καπιταλισμό. Δεν θα παραλείψουμε να αναφερθούμε στη σχέσης της μετά-1989 με τον προ-1989 εποχής, τον λεγόμενο «υπαρκτό σοσιαλισμό». Φυσικά, όλα τα ευρήματά μας θα τα συνοδεύσουμε με διαγράμματα και χαρτογραφία. Επομένως, η άνιση ανάπτυξη διαμορφώνει την υπόθεσή μας και τα επιστημονικά ερωτήματα που προκύπτουν: όταν μελετάμε τις μεταφορές αξίας με ποιοτικό και ποσοτικό τρόπο και σε πολλαπλές κλίμακες, μπορεί να διαμορφωθεί ένας πρωτότυπος χώρος, γεμάτος ιδιαίτερες αστικές μορφές και σχέσεις. Μέσα από αυτό το μονοπάτι πρόκειται να δικαιολογήσουμε την πρωτοτυπία ενός τέτοιου χώρου, αυτού των Βαλκανίων.
Code and Data Repository for Convergence Rates of Zeroth Order Gradient Descent for Łojasiewicz Functions
Authors: Wang Tianyu , Feng Yasong
Published: August 2024

This archive is distributed in association with the INFORMS Journal on Computing under the MIT License. This is a code repo for experiments in the paper "Convergence Rates of Zeroth-order Gradient Descent for Łojasiewicz Functions'' by Tianyu Wang and Yasong Feng. The software and data in this repository are a snapshot of the software and data that were used in the research reported on in the paper Convergence Rates of Zeroth-order Gradient Descent for Łojasiewicz Functions by Tianyu Wang and Yasong Feng. Important: This code is a frozen copy of https://github.com/wangt1anyu/code-zeroth-order-Lojasiewicz. Please go there if you would like to get an author-maintained version or would like support
Adventures with Grading Contracts in Operations Classes: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Liu Stewart , Roeder Theresa M. , Cholette Susan C.
Published: August 2024

Statewide initiatives and the COVID-19 pandemic have caused us to re-examine how we deliver and evaluate students in our courses. In this paper, we discuss our experiences using grading contracts, which are commonly used in writing programs but virtually unknown in fields like operations research. We found strong undergraduate student support for the contract and no statistically significant differences in final course grades. We urge our fellow educators to consider alternatives to the traditional grading schemes that strongly favor in-class exams in evaluating students.
Robust Online Selection with Uncertain Offer Acceptance
Authors: Perez-Salazar Sebastian , Singh Mohit , Toriello Alejandro
Published: August 2024

Online advertising has motivated interest in online selection problems. Displaying ads to the right users benefits both the platform (e.g., via pay-per-click) and the advertisers (by increasing their reach). In practice, not all users click on displayed ads, while the platform’s algorithm may miss the users most disposed to do so. This mismatch decreases the platform’s revenue and the advertiser’s chances to reach the right customers. With this motivation, we propose a secretary problem where a candidate may or may not accept an offer according to a known probability p. Because we do not know the top candidate willing to accept an offer, the goal is to maximize a robust objective defined as the minimum over integers k of the probability of choosing one of the top k candidates, given that one of these candidates will accept an offer. Using Markov decision process theory, we derive a linear program for this max-min objective whose solution encodes an optimal policy. The derivation may be of independent interest, as it is generalizable and can be used to obtain linear programs for many online selection models. We further relax this linear program into an infinite counterpart, which we use to provide bounds for the objective and closed-form policies. For [Formula: see text], an optimal policy is a simple threshold rule that observes the first [Formula: see text] fraction of candidates and subsequently makes offers to the best candidate observed so far.

Funding: Financial support from the U.S. National Science Foundation [Grants CCF-2106444, CCF-1910423, and CMMI 1552479] is gratefully acknowledged.
Tax Incentives Pathfinder under COVID-19
Authors: Pangestuti Dinik Fitri Rahajeng , Zahiroh Mun Yah
Published: August 2024

This research aims to comprehensively analyze the implementation of tax incentive strategies in mitigating the economic impact of COVID-19, grounded in endogenous growth theory. Utilizing a literature review of 134 articles published between 2020 and 2023, this study evaluates tax incentives as public policy interventions, comparing practices globally to provide insights for Indonesia. The Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Context (PICOC) framework is employed to ensure the validity and reliability of the literature, while Publish or Perish citation metrics assess the quality of sources. Findings indicate that tax incentives strategically counter economic downturns by boosting purchasing power, sustaining businesses, and improving compliance. However, their effectiveness could be enhanced due to a lack of taxpayer awareness. To address this, the study recommends developing more comprehensive, interactive, and measurable socialization programs alongside strengthening the role of Account Representatives in assisting taxpayers. This research contributes to the existing literature by providing a detailed review of tax incentive policies implemented during the pandemic, focusing on Indonesia and comparisons with other Southeast Asian countries. The study aims to offer insights into best practices for designing and implementing tax incentives, particularly in crises, to better align these policies with sustainable economic growth.
João Zanetic e Gaston Bachelard
Authors: Lima Maria da Conceição de Almeida Barbosa , Faur de Castro Catarino Giselle
Published: August 2024

Nesse escrito especial nosso propósito é homenagear João Zanetic, mesmo sem alcançar sua grandiosidade e sua generosidade. Professor e pesquisador do Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo por vários anos, dentre muitas de suas propostas para a área de Ensino de Física, foi o precursor da pesquisa de Física e Arte, através da Literatura. Chamamos a este texto Gaston Bachelard por ter sido, senão o referencial preferido por Zanetic, com certeza, um deles.  Fica aqui, portanto, nossa homenagem a um grande professor de todos nós.
Identification of Purchasing Factors for Neucentrix Data Center in Telkom Kalimantan with UTAUT 2 Modification
Authors: Wijaya Satria Adi S. , Noer Bustanul Arifin
Published: August 2024

The world’s population growth is driving the increase in global internet bandwidth. The data center is the core infrastructure supporting the digital information growth trend. Telkom has a data center that provides carrier-neutral colocation services under the NeuCentrIX brand. Despite the intense competition among data center businesses and low rack occupancy levels in Telkom Kalimantan, NeuCentrIX has yet to become the market leader in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the suitability of factors that affect the purchase of NeuCentrIX in Telkom Kalimantan using a modified UTAUT 2 model consisting of the variables of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and price value while removing the variables of hedonic motivation and habit and adding the variable of brand equity. A structural research model is constructed based on these variables regarding purchase intention, and six hypotheses are obtained and will be tested. The research data collection through questionnaires was conducted directly with the respondents. The data processing of questionnaire results utilized the PLS-SEM method and SmartPLS 3.2.9 software. The results of this research indicated that out of the six hypotheses, only one was accepted, that brand equity influences purchase intention, while the other five hypotheses were rejected. The positive contribution of brand equity to purchase intention was 30.1%. These analysis results can be utilized as recommendations for companies and suggestions for further research.
Complex ventricular arrhythmias in a 3-month-old Dachshund
Authors: Davis William , Crosland Andrew , Willis Ruth , Dukes-McEwan Jo
Published: August 2024

Complex ventricular arrhythmias were diagnosed in an asymptomatic 3-month-old female Dachshund. Based on the patient's signalment, electrocardiographic findings and exclusion of other differentials, a channelopathy was suspected. The dog was treated with oral sotalol, mexiletine and magnesium supplementation. This case report demonstrates the use of ambulatory electrocardiogram analysis and the complexity of assessing arrhythmia mechanisms, and discusses the approach to, and treatment of, ventricular arrhythmias in this case.
Measuring quality of life in dogs and cats with osteoarthritis
Authors: Reid Jacky
Published: August 2024

Osteoarthritis has a marked negative affect on the quality of life of dogs and cats. Health-related quality of life is concerned with the effects of illness and the impact treatment may have on quality of life. This article explores the use of health-related quality of life measures for animals. The data presented demonstrate that osteoarthritis does markedly affect the emotional health of dogs and cats as well as their physical functioning.
Cicely Saunders and the Literary and Cultural Heritage of "Total Pain"
Authors: Wood Joe
Published: August 2024

Abstract: In this article, I present some of the literary and cultural influences behind hospice pioneer Cicely Saunders's idea of "total pain," a term she used from the 1960s onwards to promote the holistic approach which has since become palliative care. Existing studies imply "total pain" emerged from Saunders's own mixed career experiences and her attention to patient narratives. However, I explore how the term originates not only in Saunders's direct encounters with her patients but also in her readings of literary, philosophical, and theological texts from a range of European post-war contexts, from Viktor Frankl and Simone de Beauvoir to Martin Buber and Ladislaus Boros. Examining "total pain" in light of Saunders's reading reveals the particular intellectual milieu—often ignored—from which palliative care emerged.
The Intimate Palliative Sphere: Affect, Gender, and the Good Death in Relational End-of-Life Narratives
Authors: Herges Katja
Published: August 2024

Abstract: An increasing number of collaborative end-of-life narratives have been published after the death of the protagonist. Focusing on two examples of women's end-of-life memoirs in contemporary German popular culture, this essay examines how relationality, gender, and affectivity shape the philosophies, practices, and politics of palliative care and the associated concepts of the "good death." Ultimately, I argue that the memoirs foreground a still-marginal narrative and practice of dying at home within an intimate public sphere of palliation that transgresses traditional approaches to care for the dying in contemporary health care. They also contribute to gendered and sentimental notions of family care and of the self-determined and autonomous body and death.
Holes in the Protective Cloak of Palliative Care: Mathieu Simonet's La maternité and Eduardo Berti's An Ideal Presence
Authors: Pröll Julia
Published: August 2024

Abstract: In the novels An Ideal Presence (2020) by Eduardo Berti and La maternité [Maternity] (2012) by Mathieu Simonet, relatives of the dying and palliative care professionals are given a voice. Their experiences highlight "holes" in the cloak of care, which can never protect the terminally ill completely. However, they also raise the question of a pallium for the carers themselves. This need of protection, expressed in both novels by a concern to find the right dosage between caring presence for the terminally ill and self-caring distance from their suffering, risks clashing with the low-tech, high-touch approach associated with the hospice movement. By exposing the limits of palliative care, these (auto-)fictional accounts may prevent inflated expectations in this important medical field.
Integration of multi-level semantics in PTMs with an attention model for question matching
Authors: Ye Zheng , Che Linwei , Ge Jun , Qin Jun , Liu Jing
Published: August 2024

The task of question matching/retrieval focuses on determining whether two questions are semantically equivalent. It has garnered significant attention in the field of natural language processing (NLP) due to its commercial value. While neural network models have made great strides and achieved human-level accuracy, they still face challenges when handling complex scenarios. In this paper, we delve into the utilization of different specializations encoded in different layers of large-scale pre-trained language models (PTMs). We propose a novel attention-based model called ERNIE-ATT that effectively integrates the diverse levels of semantics acquired by PTMs, thereby enhancing robustness. Experimental evaluations on two challenging datasets showcase the superior performance of our proposed model. It outperforms not only traditional models that do not use PTMs but also exhibits a significant improvement over strong PTM-based models. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in enhancing the robustness of question matching/retrieval systems.
Is the fire even bigger? Burnout in 800 medical and nursing students in a low middle income country
Authors: Mufarrih Syed Hamza , Qureshi Nada Qaisar , Hashmi Syeda Amrah , Syed Abbas Raza , Anwar Muhammad Zohaib , Lakdawala Riaz Hussain , Asad Nargis , Haider Adil , Noordin Shahryar
Published: August 2024

Background

Burnout, characterized by emotional exhaustion (EX), depersonalization (DP), and a reduced sense of personal efficacy (PF) among medical and nursing students can lead to suicidal ideation, lack of empathy, and dropouts. Previous studies have used over-simplified definitions of burnout that fail to capture its complexity. We describe the prevalence of burnout profiles and its risk factors among medical and nursing students.

Methods

A cross sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care University Hospital in Pakistan. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) survey was disseminated via SurveyMonkey over a period of 4 months (November 2019 to February 2020) to 482 Medical and 441 nursing students. The MBI tool measures the dimensions of EX, DP, and PF to describe seven burnout profiles. Multivariable regression was used to identify predictors of burnout.

Results

The response rate was 92% in nursing and 87.3% in medical students. The prevalence of burnout in medical and nursing students was 16.9% and 6.7% respectively (p<0.001), with 55.7% (n = 427) suffering from at least one burnout profile. Only 32.5% (n = 250) students felt engaged, (42.3% medical, 22.7% nursing students, p<0.001). The most common profile was ineffective (32.5%, n = 250), characterized by a reduced sense of personal efficacy (35.6% medical, 29.4% nursing students; p = 0.065). Medical students were at higher risk of burnout compared to nursing students (OR = 2.49 [1.42, 4.38]; p<0.001) with highest risk observed in year 4 (OR = 2.47 [1.02, 5.99]; p = 0.046). Other risk factors for burnout included occasional drug use (OR = 1.83 [1.21, 8.49]; p = 0.017) and living in a hostel (OR = 1.64 [1.01,2.67]; p = 0.233).

Conclusion and relevance

Two-thirds of our participants experienced at least one dimension of burnout with the highest prevalence of a reduced sense of PF. Drivers of burnout unique to a lower-middle-income country need to be understood for effective interventions. Faculty training on principles of student evaluation and feedback may be beneficial.
A methodological framework for exploring SME finance with SAFE data
Authors: Finnegan Marie , Morales Lucía
Published: August 2024

Research on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) access to bank finance is vital for the euro area economy. SMEs heavily represent the European business sector, employing around 100 million people and accounting for more than half of the Gross Domestic Product. Research studies in the field often rely on the ECB/EC Survey on the Access to Finance of Enterprises (SAFE). Many studies employ probit or logit models with categorical dependent variables derived from SAFE. The research findings show that hardly any study employs the simpler linear probability model (LPM), with a dominant lack of research providing evidence that justifies the model selection process and suitability. However, it is well known that different econometrics models can lack consistency and frequently yield different results. Yet, the literature has no consensus on the best econometric approach. In addition, there is a lack of robustness tests in the literature to ensure model validity, underlining the need for a comprehensive review of the methodological framework that dominates SAFE data use. This paper addresses the identified research gap by introducing a robust methodological framework that helps researchers identify and choose an appropriate categorical model when using SAFE data. The study adds significant value to the extant literature by identifying four criteria that need to be considered when selecting the appropriate model among three common binary dependent models: LPM, probit and logit models. The findings show that the probit model was appropriate is all cases but that the LPM should not be disregarded, as it can be used in two cases: when considering the interaction between monetary policy and debt to assets and monetary policy and innovation. The use of the LPM is justified as a less complex econometric model, allowing for clearer communication of the results. This innovative, robust approach to choosing the appropriate econometric categorical dependent model when employing SAFE data contributes to support policy effectively.
Validation of an ultra-short global quality of life scale in a large population-based health survey
Authors: Vederhus John-Kåre , Timko Christine , Birkeland Bente , Haugland Siri Håvås , Gabrielsen Karin Berle
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Quality of life (QoL) assessment is essential in health-related research and clinical settings, offering insights into individuals’ well-being and functioning. This study validated the Essential QoL-3 (EQoL-3), an ultra-short scale assessing essential dimensions of QoL, for use in epidemiological research and clinical settings.

Methods

Data from a 2021 national survey in Norway (N = 17,487) were used. Three items on the EQoL-3 assess life satisfaction, happiness, and meaningfulness on a 0–10 scale. Discriminant validity was assessed by comparing the EQoL-3 with the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and by examining latent mean differences between individuals with adverse life experiences (ALE+) and those without such experiences (ALE-). Convergent validity was evaluated through latent regression analyses comparing the EQoL-3 with a perceived mastery scale and a mental distress scale.

Results

The discriminant validity of the EQoL-3 was less than optimal when compared with the SWLS. Nonetheless, a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the EQoL-3 score was 1.42 (95% CI = 1.33–1.50, p < 0.001) lower in the ALE+ group compared to the ALE- group, providing support for discriminant validity. Convergent validity was established with a positive association between EQoL-3 and mastery (β = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.70–1.80, p < 0.001) and a negative association between the EQoL-3 and mental distress (β = -2.64, 95% CI = -2.71/-2.59, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The EQoL-3 is a reliable measure of QoL. Its streamlined nature facilitates quick administration, making it a valuable tool for clinicians and researchers in diverse settings. Its inclusion of the eudaimonic dimension, as well as its exclusion of health items in the measure itself, distinguishes it from traditional HQoL measures, making it suitable for mental health and substance use disorder research.
Differential expression and regulation of ADAD1, DMRTC2, PRSS54, SYCE1, SYCP1, TEX101, TEX48, and TMPRSS12 gene profiles in colon cancer tissues and their in vitro response to epigenetic drugs
Authors: Almutairi Mikhlid H. , Alrubie Turki M. , Alshareeda Alaa T. , Albarakati Nada , Almotiri Alhomidi , Alamri Abdullah M. , Almutairi Bader O. , Alanazi Mohammad
Published: August 2024

Colon cancer (CC) is a significant cause of death worldwide, particularly in Saudi Arabia. To increase the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment, it is important to discover new specific biomarkers for CC. The main objectives of this research are to identify potential specific biomarkers for the early diagnosis of CC by analyzing the expressions of eight cancer testis (CT) genes, as well as to analyze how epigenetic mechanisms control the expression of these genes in CC cell lines. Tissue samples were collected from 15 male patients with CC tissues and matched NC tissues for gene expression analysis. The expression levels of specific CT genes, including ADAD1, DMRTC2, PRSS54, SYCE1, SYCP1, TEX101, TEX48, and TMPRSS12, were assessed using quantitative techniques. To validate the gene expression patterns, we used publicly available CC statistics. To investigate the effect of inhibition of DNA methylation and histone deacetylation on CT gene expression, in vitro experiments were performed using HCT116 and Caco-2 cell lines. There was no detected expression of the genes neither in the patient samples nor in NC tissues, except for TEX48, which exhibited upregulation in CC samples compared to NC tissues in online datasets. Notably, CT genes showed expression in testis samples. In vitro, experiments demonstrated significant enhancement in mRNA expression levels of ADAD1, DMRTC2, PRSS54, SYCE1, SYCP1, TEX101, TEX48, and TMPRSS12 following treatment with 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A in HCT116 and Caco-2 cell lines. Epigenetic treatments modify the expression of CT genes, indicating that these genes can potentially be used as biomarkers for CC. The importance of conducting further research to understand and target epigenetic mechanisms to improve CC treatment cannot be overemphasized.
ER-CGKA: Efficient and robust continuous group key agreement scheme with post-compromise forward security for IoV
Authors: Xu Guishuang , Yin Xinchun , Li Xincheng
Published: August 2024

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) counts for much in advancing intelligent transportation by connecting people, vehicles, infrastructures, and cloud servers (CS). However, the open-access wireless channels within the IoV are susceptible to malicious attacks. Therefore, an authentication key agreement protocol becomes essential to ensure secure vehicular communications and protect vehicle privacy. Nevertheless, although the vehicles in the group are compromised, they can still update the group key and obtain the communication content in the existing group key agreement protocols. Therefore, it is still challenging to guarantee post-compromise forward security (PCFS). Dynamic key rotation is a common approach to realizing PCFS, which brings a heavy computation and communication burden. To address these issues, an efficient and robust continuous group key agreement (ER-CGKA) scheme with PCFS is designed for IoV. The propose-and-commit flow is employed to support asynchronous group key updates. Besides, the computation cost and communication overhead are significantly reduced based on the TreeKEM architecture. Furthermore, we adopt the threshold mechanism to resist the collusion attacks of malicious vehicles, which enhances the ER-CGKA scheme’s robustness. Security analysis indicates that the proposed scheme satisfies all the fundamental security requirements of the IoV and achieves PCFS. The performance evaluation results show that our ER-CGKA scheme demonstrates a reduction in the computation cost of 18.82% (Client) and 33.18% (CS) approximately, and an increase in communication overhead of around 55.57% since pseudonyms are utilized to achieve conditional privacy-preserving. Therefore, our ER-CGKA scheme is secure and practical.
Decomposition of air conditioning electricity consumption considering the dependence between the temperature and electricity consumption
Authors: Xun Chao , Liu Lin , Wang Chang , Ni Junhong
Published: August 2024

With the continuous increase in air conditioning installations, the proportion of air conditioning electricity consumption to total electricity consumption is growing. Research on the decomposition of air conditioning electricity consumption is of great significance for assessing electricity usage, formulating electricity scheduling plans, and ensuring the stable operation of the power grid. Currently, typical day selection strategies for the decomposition of air conditioning electricity consumption often overlook the corresponding relationship between typical daily electricity consumption and temperature. Therefore, this paper proposes an air conditioning electricity consumption decomposition method based on the dependence between temperature and electricity consumption. This method filters typical days based on Copula-based dependence indicators and equiprobable ellipses, determines the baseline electricity consumption curve through model selection voting, and ultimately calculates the air conditioning electricity consumption. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by applying it to electricity consumption data in Fuzhou from 2019 to 2022.
Radiological and clinical outcomes after Attune primary total knee arthroplasty using Stemmable Tibia: A two-year follow-up prospective bi-center study
Authors: Rhee Seung Joon , Woo Seung Hun , Kim Jung Shin , Yun Mi Sook , Park Chankue , Lee Sang-Min
Published: August 2024

This prospective bi-center study aimed to analyze the outcomes of primary total knee arthroplasty using the Stemmable Tibia Attune system. A total of 100 patients who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty with Stemmable Tibia from January 2019 to December 2021 were enrolled in the study. Radiological outcomes (hip-knee-ankle axis and medial proximal tibial angle) were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively. Clinical outcomes (visual analog scale score, Hospital for Special Surgery score, Knee Society function score, Knee Society knee score, flexion contracture, further flexion, and range of motion) were analyzed preoperatively and at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively. Complications (periprosthetic joint infection and aseptic loosening) were examined. The hip-knee-ankle axis decreased (preoperative: 9.5° ± 6.3°, postoperative: 1.1° ± 2.7°), whereas the medial proximal tibial angle increased (preoperative: 84.6° ± 4.1°, postoperative: 89.8° ± 1.9°). The visual analog scale score, Hospital for Special Surgery score, Knee Society knee score, and Knee Society function score increased postoperatively. The Knee Society knee score indicated above good outcomes (100.0% and 99.0% at 1 and 2 years postoperatively, respectively). The Knee Society function score also showed above good results (98.0% and 93.0% at 1 and 2 years postoperatively, respectively). The range of motion significantly improved (p < 0.001): flexion contracture decreased from 9.10° ± 7.23° to 2.15° ± 2.87°, whereas further flexion increased from 136.05° ± 14.78° to 139.80° ± 10.02°. One patient developed periprosthetic joint infection; no early loosening was observed. In conclusion, Attune primary total knee arthroplasty with Stemmable Tibia not only is safe and effective but also leads to radiological and clinical improvements.
Spatial distribution and determinants of physical intimate partner violence among women in Kenya: Evidence from the 2022 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Okyere Joshua , Ayebeng Castro , Boateng Ebenezer N. K. , Assie Rebecca A. A. , Odoi Amanda , Dzirassah King-David , Ankomahene Bright , Dickson Kwamena Sekyi
Published: August 2024

Background

Despite global, regional, and national efforts to address intimate partner violence (IPV), physical IPV persists as a significant challenge in Kenya. This study employs geospatial analysis to examine the spatial distribution and determinants of physical intimate partner violence among women, aiming to inform targeted interventions and policies.

Methods

The study used a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study design based on the 2022 Kenya demographic and health survey. Analyses were conducted using Stata version 17.0 and ArcMap version 10.8. Spatial autocorrelation and hotspot assessment were conducted in the geospatial analysis, while a multilevel logistic regression model was used to examine determinants of physical violence among reproductive-aged women.

Results

The study found 28.8% (10,477) of the surveyed women reported experiencing physical intimate partner violence. The spatial analysis identified significant clusters in the southwest and central regions, with women in sub-counties like Chepaluugu, Konion, Sotik, Bumula, and Metayos among others experiencing more violence. Conversely, women in areas in the North East and South East corners such as Kisauni, Tarabaj, Waijir North, Lafey, and Mandera North and South among others showed little or no physical intimate partner violence. Multivariable logistic regression identified age, education, wealth index, partner domineering indicators, and justification of wife beating to be associated with physical intimate partner violence. Higher education and wealth were associated with lower violence odds, while partner domineering indicators and justification of wife beating increased odds.

Conclusion

Spatial variations in intimate partner violence risk for women in Kenya underscore the need for targeted government interventions. Focusing on hotspot regions, especially among women with the poorest wealth index, no formal education, and older age, is crucial. Implementing behavior change campaigns addressing violence justification and partner dominance is vital. Active involvement of male partners in programs aiming to eliminate intimate partner violence is essential for comprehensive impact.
Susceptibility status and synergistic activity of DDT and Lambda-cyhalothrin on Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Ojianwuna Chioma C. , Enwemiwe Victor N. , Esiwo Eric , Mekunye Favour , Anidiobi Ann , Oborayiruvbe Treasure E.
Published: August 2024

The detection of insecticide resistance in male mosquitoes has been treated with less importance in monitoring insecticide resistance spread in mosquitoes. There are no studies on the susceptibility and synergistic activity of DDT and lambda-cyhalothrin on male Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti in Delta State, Nigeria. Even though studies have extensively reported resistance in female mosquitoes, the susceptibility of male mosquitoes to insecticide classes should be ascertained. In this study, we tested the susceptibility status and synergistic activity of DDT and Lambda-cyhalothrin on An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti in Delta State, Nigeria, in order to ascertain the level of resistance and knockdown. In addition, we modelled the knockdown time using Probit analysis model. WHO bioassay method was used to expose two days old adult mosquitoes to 4% DDT and 0.05% lambda-cyhalothrin. The results showed that An. gambiae mosquitoes exposed to DDT and lambda-cyhalothrin were confirmed resistant (61% and 53% respectively). However, pre-exposing the resistant mosquito population to piperonyl butoxide (4%) showed an increase in mortality to 90% (possible resistance) in DDT and 98% (susceptible) in lambda-cyhalothrin. Ae. aegypti mosquitoes exposed to DDT were susceptible (98%) while those exposed to lambda-cyhalothrin were confirmed resistant (87%) and this increased to complete mortality (100%) in PBO+lambda-cyhalothrin population. Furthermore, the results showed that the knockdown time (KDT50 and KDT95) in An. gambiae exposed to DDT was 39.5–71.2 minutes and 124.5–146.4 minutes respectively, while that of lambda-cyhalothrin was 33.0–81.8 minutes and 64.0–124.4 minutes respectively. In Ae. aegypti, KDT50 and KDT95 was 23.9 and 61.7minutes for DDT exposure whereas it was 5.6–15.3 minutes and 36.1–72.3 minutes for lambda-cyhalothrin exposure. It can be concluded that male An. gambiae mosquitoes exposed to the insecticides were resistant and the causes may be linked to certain resistant genes in the mosquitoes. The chances of transferring resistance are possible in wild species and molecular-based studies on the resistant gene in male mosquitoes as well as the tendencies of transfer are required to establish this focus.
Characteristics and treatment of pediatric nasal foreign bodies with button batteries-A retrospective analysis of 176 cases
Authors: Yan Shang , Chen Guowei , Zeng Nan , Gao Chaobing
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Button battery nasal impactions pose serious risks due to complications and the need for prompt removal, yet research on interventions remains limited due to its rare occurrence. To delineate the clinical manifestations of nasal foreign bodies associated with button batteries and to explore treatment approaches focused on minimizing the reliance on general anesthesia and surgical interventions.

Methods

This study focuses on 176 cases of children who received treatment for nasal cavity button battery impactions. It encompasses various factors including age, gender, battery location, impaction duration, methods of extraction, and associated complications.

Results

The incidence of nasal button battery cases among nasal foreign body instances was 1.16%, with a majority being males (60.23%) aged 1–5 years (98.29%). Utilizing a specially designed nasal foreign body hook and following established treatment protocols enabled the successful outpatient management of the majority of cases. Only 12 cases (6.82%) necessitated removal under general anesthesia due to management challenges in an outpatient setting. Furthermore, our findings indicated no linear correlation between the duration of battery retention and the risk of nasal septal perforation, which was observed in 31 cases (17.61%).

Conclusion

Nasal foreign bodies caused by button batteries in children demand urgent attention due to their potentially grave outcomes. Our research is directed towards enhancing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to bolster the success rates of outpatient removal, curtail the duration of foreign body retention, and diminish the reliance on general anesthesia.