bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Randomized Double-Blind Phase II Trial of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Versus Placebo in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and AML
Authors: Rashidi Armin , Ebadi Maryam , Rehman Tauseef Ur , Elhusseini Heba , Kazadi David , Halaweish Hossam , Khan Mohammad H. , Hoeschen Andrea , Cao Qing , Luo Xianghua , Kabage Amanda J. , Lopez Sharon , Holtan Shernan G. , Weisdorf Daniel J. , Khoruts Alexander , Staley Christopher
Published: May 2023

PURPOSE

Gut microbiota injury in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients and patients with AML has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Previous studies in these patients have shown improvements in various microbiome indices after fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). However, whether microbiome improvements translate into improved clinical outcomes remains unclear. We examined this question in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II trial.

METHODS

Two independent cohorts of allogeneic HCT recipients and patients with AML receiving induction chemotherapy were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive standardized oral encapsulated FMT versus placebo upon neutrophil recovery. After each course of antibacterial antibiotics, patients received a study treatment. Up to three treatments were administered within 3 months. The primary end point was 4-month all-cause infection rate. Patients were followed for 9 months.

RESULTS

In the HCT cohort (74 patients), 4-month infection density was 0.74 and 0.91 events per 100 patient-days in FMT and placebo arms, respectively (infection rate ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.48 to 1.42; P = .49). In the AML cohort (26 patients), 4-month infection density was 0.93 in the FMT arm and 1.25 in the placebo arm, with an infection rate ratio of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.32 to 1.71; P = .48). Unique donor bacterial sequences comprised 25%-30% of the fecal microbiota after FMT. FMT improved postantibiotic recovery of microbiota diversity, restored several depleted obligate anaerobic commensals, and reduced the abundance of expanded genera Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Veillonella, and Dialister.

CONCLUSION

In allogeneic HCT recipients and patients with AML, third-party FMT was safe and ameliorated intestinal dysbiosis, but did not decrease infections. Novel findings from this trial will inform future development of FMT trials.
Time-dependent probability density function analysis of H-mode transitions
Authors: Farre-Kaga Hiro J. , Andrew Yasmin , Dunsmore Jamie , Kim Eun-jin , Rhodes Terry L. , Schmitz Lothar , Yan Zheng
Published: May 2023

The first application of time-dependent probability density function (PDF) analysis to the L-H transition in fusion plasmas is presented. PDFs are constructed using Doppler Backscattering data of perpendicular fluctuation velocity,

, and turbulence from the edge region of the DIII-D tokamak. These raw time-series data are sliced into millisecond-long sliding time-windows to create PDFs. During the transition, the

PDFs develop strong right tails, indicative of turbulence-suppressing localised flows in the plasma edge; such features and other subtle behaviours are explored using novel information geometry techniques. This letter examines the applicability of these techniques to predict L-H transitions and investigate predator-prey self-regulation theories between turbulence and perpendicular velocity.
Paricalcitol and Extended-Release Calcifediol for Treatment of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease: Results From a Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Franchi Matteo , Gunnarsson Joel , Gonzales-Parra Emilio , Ferreira Anibal , Ström Oskar , Corrao Giovanni
Published: May 2023

Context

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) affecting mineral and bone metabolism and characterized by excessive parathyroid hormone (PTH) production and parathyroid hyperplasia.

Objective

The objective of this analysis was to compare the efficacy and adverse effects of extended-release calcifediol (ERC) and paricalcitol (PCT) by assessing their effect on the biomarkers PTH, calcium, and phosphate in patients with non-dialysis CKD (ND-CKD).

Methods

A systematic literature research was performed in PubMed to identify randomized control trials (RCTs). Quality assessment was done with the GRADE method. The effects of ERC vs PCT were compared using random effects in a frequentist setting.

Results

Nine RCTs comprising 1426 patients were included in the analyses. The analyses were performed on 2 overlapping networks, due to nonreporting of outcomes in some of the included studies. No head-to-head trials were identified. No statistically significant differences in PTH reduction were found between PCT and ERC. Treatment with PCT showed statistically significant increases in calcium compared with ERC (0.2 mg/dL increase; 95% CI, −0.37 to −0.05 mg/dL). No differences in effects on phosphate were observed.

Conclusion

This network meta-analysis showed that ERC is comparable in lowering PTH levels vs PCT. ERC displayed avoidance of potentially clinically relevant increases in serum calcium, offering an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for the management of SHPT in patients with ND-CKD.
Shelter from the Storm: Cynicism and the Refuge of Meaning
Authors: Parker Ben
Published: May 2023

In her new book on the function of cynicism, Helen Small defines a positive role that cynicism can play in the liberal articulation of the very ideals and norms that cynicism affronts. She provides this “strategic cynicism” with a nineteenth-century lineage including Friedrich Nietzsche, Matthew Arnold, George Eliot, and Thomas Carlyle. This review essay identifies some problems in the concept of strategic cynicism, drawing on Hegel's understanding of intentional action. Strategic cynicism is ultimately a role-playing (or impersonation) of cynicism by normativity on its own behalf. As Small conceives norms, they are vulnerable to cynicism because they are stranded and without immanent grounding. Turning to Henry James's novel The Awkward Age, this essay shows how cynicism can be answered not by pointing to better intentions, but only by what we discover retrospectively, from the consequences of how things turn out, our commitments to be. The essay ends with a consideration of the dysfunction of liberal responses to Donald Trump's cynicism.
The Making of the Hindu Normative
Authors: Ghosh Bishnupriya
Published: May 2023

This essay reviews Anustup Basu's book Hindutva as Political Monotheism (2020) in the context of current debates over Hindu political theology after the Bharatiya Janata Party's electoral wins of 2014 and 2018. The book charts the consolidation of Hinduism as a monotheistic imperative ever since its inception in the second decade of the nineteenth century, and its axiomatic place in present-day masculinist majoritarian India—“Modi's India.” This review places the book's historical reading of political Hinduism and its arguments on an informatic Hindutva mediascape (Hindutva 2.0) alongside recent books with similar ambitions.
Marketing no caleidoscópio do TikTok
Authors: Rosenthal Benjamin
Published: May 2023

Fazer comunicação de marca na plataforma digital mais valiosa do mundo exige maior atenção ao conteúdo do que à rede de seguidores.
Manipulation of single stored-photon with microwave field based on Rydberg polariton
Authors: Fan Jiabei , Zhang Hanxiao , Jiao Yuechun , Li Changcheng , Bai Jingxu , Wu Jinhui , Zhao Jianming , Jia Suotang
Published: May 2023

We demonstrate a coherent microwave manipulation of a single optical photon based on a single Rydberg excitation in an atomic ensemble. Due to the strong nonlinearities in a Rydberg blockade region, a single photon can be stored in the formation of Rydberg polariton using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The manipulation of the stored single photon is performed by applying a microwave field that resonantly couples the nS1/2 and nP3/2, while the coherent readout is performed by mapping the excitation into a single photon. We achieve a single photon source with g(2)(0) = 0.29 ± 0.08 at 80S1/2 without applying microwave fields. By implementing the microwave field during the storage time and retrieval process, we show the Rabi oscillation and modulation of stored photons that can be controlled to retrieve early or late. Rapid modulation frequencies up to 50 MHz can be obtained. Our experimental observations can be well explained via numerical simulations based on an improved superatom model accounting for the dipole-dipole interactions in a Rydberg EIT medium. Our work provides a way to manipulate the stored photons by employing the microwave field, which is significant for developing quantum technologies.
Improving flat fluorescence microscopy in scattering tissue through deep learning strategies
Authors: Feshki Mohamad , Martel Sylvain , De Koninck Yves , Gosselin Benoit
Published: May 2023

Intravital microscopy in small animals growingly contributes to the visualization of short- and long-term mammalian biological processes. Miniaturized fluorescence microscopy has revolutionized the observation of live animals’ neural circuits. The technology’s ability to further miniaturize to improve freely moving experimental settings is limited by its standard lens-based layout. Typical miniature microscope designs contain a stack of heavy and bulky optical components adjusted at relatively long distances. Computational lensless microscopy can overcome this limitation by replacing the lenses with a simple thin mask. Among other critical applications, Flat Fluorescence Microscope (FFM) holds promise to allow for real-time brain circuits imaging in freely moving animals, but recent research reports show that the quality needs to be improved, compared with imaging in clear tissue, for instance. Although promising results were reported with mask-based fluorescence microscopes in clear tissues, the impact of light scattering in biological tissue remains a major challenge. The outstanding performance of deep learning (DL) networks in computational flat cameras and imaging through scattering media studies motivates the development of deep learning models for FFMs. Our holistic ray-tracing and Monte Carlo FFM computational model assisted us in evaluating deep scattering medium imaging with DL techniques. We demonstrate that physics-based DL models combined with the classical reconstruction technique of the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) perform a fast and robust image reconstruction, particularly in the scattering medium. The structural similarity indexes of the reconstructed images in scattering media recordings were increased by up to 20% compared with the prevalent iterative models. We also introduce and discuss the challenges of DL approaches for FFMs under physics-informed supervised and unsupervised learning.
Ultra-broadband interconnection between two SPP nanostrips by a photorefractive soliton waveguide
Authors: Tari Hamed , Bile Alessandro , Nabizada Arif , Fazio Eugenio
Published: May 2023

We propose a very efficient approach to interconnect together two metallic nanostrips supporting the propagation of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waves by fabricating a photorefractive soliton guide. By designing a multilayer geometry for plasmon systems, it is possible to control the diffraction of light at the end of the metallic nanostrip, reducing its angular dispersion and directing it towards the second nanostrip. Between the two, a photorefractive crystal allows the self-confinement of light, creating a waveguide that can be used both by the light that wrote it and by other wavelengths sent as signals. These signals can be recoupled in the form of SPP waves in the second nanostrip with an efficiency of about 40% for a broad band of wavelengths.
Grism fabricated on the end-face of an optical fiber
Authors: Pala Piotr , Komorowska Katarzyna , Szpecht Andrea , Martynkien Tadeusz
Published: May 2023

We designed and fabricated grism structures on the end-face of an optical fiber and experimentally characterized them. A UV-curable ionic-liquid polymer resin, well-suited for nanoimprinting, was used to fabricate the grism structures with grating pitches of 1.8–3 µm and prism apex angle reaching 30–40°. The structures can propagate 1st order of diffraction peaks along the fiber axis at 520, 660, and 830 nm wavelengths. The experimental and numerically simulated results of far-field intensity distribution revealed high agreement. Hence, based on the numerical simulation, we proposed grism structure designs for in-line propagation of first-order diffraction at wavelengths of λ = 1300 −  2000 nm utilizing chalcogenide glass fibers.
Vector valley Hall edge solitons in distorted type-II Dirac photonic lattices
Authors: Tian Yiqing , Wang Yudian , Belić Milivoj R. , Zhang Yiqi , Li Yongdong , Ye Fangwei
Published: May 2023

Topological edge states have recently garnered a lot of attention across various fields of physics. The topological edge soliton is a hybrid edge state that is both topologically protected and immune to defects or disorders, and a localized bound state that is diffraction-free, owing to the self-balance of diffraction by nonlinearity. Topological edge solitons hold great potential for on-chip optical functional device fabrication. In this report, we present the discovery of vector valley Hall edge (VHE) solitons in type-II Dirac photonic lattices, formed by breaking lattice inversion symmetry with distortion operations. The distorted lattice features a two-layer domain wall that supports both in-phase and out-of-phase VHE states, appearing in two different band gaps. Superposing soliton envelopes onto VHE states generates bright-bright and bright-dipole vector VHE solitons. The propagation dynamics of such vector solitons reveal a periodic change in their profiles, accompanied by the energy periodically transferring between the layers of the domain wall. The reported vector VHE solitons are found to be metastable.
Significantly enhanced performance of InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers on Si(001) via spatially separated co-doping
Authors: Wang Shuai , Lv Zunren , Wang Shenglin , Chai Hongyu , Meng Lei , Yang Xiaoguang , Yang Tao
Published: May 2023

We report the significantly enhanced performance of InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) lasers on Si(001) by spatially separated co-doping, including n-doping in the QDs and p-doping in the barrier layers simultaneously. The QD lasers are a ridge waveguide of 6 × 1000 µm2 containing five InAs QD layers. Compared with p-doped alone laser, the co-doped laser exhibits a large reduction in threshold current of 30.3% and an increase in maximum output power of 25.5% at room temperature. In the range of 15°C-115°C (under 1% pulse mode), the co-doped laser shows better temperature stability with higher characteristic temperatures of threshold current (T0) and slope efficiency (T1). Furthermore, the co-doped laser can maintain stable continuous-wave ground-state lasing up to a high temperature of 115°C. These results prove the great potential of co-doping technique for enhancing silicon-based QD laser performances towards lower power consumption, higher temperature stability, and higher operating temperature, to boost the development of high-performance silicon photonic chips.
Spectral technique with convergence analysis for solving one and two-dimensional mixed Volterra-Fredholm integral equation
Authors: Amin A. Z. , Amin A. K. , Abdelkawy M. A. , Alluhaybi A. A. , Hashim I.
Published: May 2023

A numerical approach based on shifted Jacobi-Gauss collocation method for solving mixed Volterra-Fredholm integral equations is introduced. The novel technique with shifted Jacobi-Gauss nodes is applied to reduce the mixed Volterra-Fredholm integral equations to a system of algebraic equations that has an easy solved. The present algorithm is extended to solve the one and two-dimensional mixed Volterra-Fredholm integral equations. Convergence analysis for the present method is discussed and confirmed the exponential convergence of the spectral algorithm. Various numerical examples are approached to demonstrate the powerful and accuracy of the technique.
University campus breastfeeding, knowledge, and perceptions of support: An exploratory study
Authors: Scott Allison L. , Lambert Ann W. , Wang Chih-hsuan , Johnson Kelly V. , Weiss Jessica , Stankus Tony
Published: May 2023

Breastfeeding is often considered principally a biological issue but success is impacted by the socio-ecological environment of the lactating parent. Identifying current attitudes towards breastfeeding is essential in the effort toward normalizing breastfeeding in communities, including university campuses. The study explored campus community knowledge, awareness, and attitudes about breastfeeding, including available resources and applicable laws on two university campuses in the southern United States. This cross-sectional, self-reporting study utilized the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale and an adaptation of the Breastfeeding Behavior Questionnaire to survey a convenience sample. Results revealed decreased awareness of protective laws, availability of private lactation space, and insufficient public appreciation of breastfeeding’s unique advantages to both lactating parent and infant as barriers to breastfeeding. These findings will help develop additional breastfeeding strategies to improve university campus community breastfeeding initiatives.
The associations between e-liquid characteristics and its pricing: Evidence from online vape shops
Authors: Ma Shaoying , Jiang Shuning , Wagener Theodore , Mays Darren , Chen Jian , Shang Ce
Published: May 2023

Given the increase in electronic cigarette use during the past decade, the objectives of this study are to obtain comprehensive product-level information from online vape shops, which are one of the most common outlets for e-cigarette users to purchase vaping products, especially e-liquid products, and to examine the appeal of various e-liquid product attributes to consumers. We used web scraping and estimation of generalized estimating equation (GEE) models to obtain and analyze data from five popular online vape shops that sell nationwide across the US. The outcome measures are e-liquid pricing for the following e-liquid product attributes: nicotine concentration (in mg/ml), nicotine form (nicotine-free, freebase, or salt), vegetable glycerin/propylene glycol (VG/PG) ratio, and a variety of flavors. We find that the pricing for freebase nicotine and nicotine salt products are 1% (p<0.001) lower and 12% higher (p<0.001), respectively, than that for products that do not contain nicotine. For nicotine salt-based e-liquid products specifically, the pricing for a 50/50 VG/PG ratio is 10% (p<0.001) higher than the pricing for a more common 70/30 VG/PG ratio, and the pricing for fruity flavors is 2% (p<0.05) higher than that for tobacco/unflavored products. Regulating the nicotine form in all e-liquid products and fruity flavor in nicotine salt-based products will have a great impact on the market and consumers. The preference for VG/PG ratio varies by product nicotine form. More evidence on typical user patterns of a certain nicotine form (i.e., freebase or salt nicotine) is needed to assess the public health consequences of these regulations.
Shape complexity in cluster analysis
Authors: Aguilar Eduardo J. , Barbosa Valmir C.
Published: May 2023

In cluster analysis, a common first step is to scale the data aiming to better partition them into clusters. Even though many different techniques have throughout many years been introduced to this end, it is probably fair to say that the workhorse in this preprocessing phase has been to divide the data by the standard deviation along each dimension. Like division by the standard deviation, the great majority of scaling techniques can be said to have roots in some sort of statistical take on the data. Here we explore the use of multidimensional shapes of data, aiming to obtain scaling factors for use prior to clustering by some method, like k-means, that makes explicit use of distances between samples. We borrow from the field of cosmology and related areas the recently introduced notion of shape complexity, which in the variant we use is a relatively simple, data-dependent nonlinear function that we show can be used to help with the determination of appropriate scaling factors. Focusing on what might be called “midrange” distances, we formulate a constrained nonlinear programming problem and use it to produce candidate scaling-factor sets that can be sifted on the basis of further considerations of the data, say via expert knowledge. We give results on some iconic data sets, highlighting the strengths and potential weaknesses of the new approach. These results are generally positive across all the data sets used.
Problematic use of the internet, smartphones, and social media among medical students and relationship with depression: An exploratory study
Authors: Sserunkuuma Jonathan , Kaggwa Mark Mohan , Muwanguzi Moses , Najjuka Sarah Maria , Murungi Nathan , Kajjimu Jonathan , Mulungi Jonathan , Kihumuro Raymond Bernard , Mamun Mohammed A. , Griffiths Mark D. , Ashaba Scholastic
Published: May 2023

Background

Students in sub-Saharan African countries experienced online classes for the first time during the COVID-19 pandemic. For some individuals, greater online engagement can lead to online dependency, which can be associated with depression. The present study explored the association between problematic use of the internet, social media, and smartphones with depression symptoms among Ugandan medical students.

Methods

A pilot study was conducted among 269 medical students at a Ugandan public university. Using a survey, data were collected regarding socio-demographic factors, lifestyle, online use behaviors, smartphone addiction, social media addiction, and internet addiction. Hierarchical linear regression models were performed to explore the associations of different forms of online addiction with depression symptom severity.

Results

The findings indicated that 16.73% of the medical students had moderate to severe depression symptoms. The prevalence of being at risk of (i) smartphone addiction was 45.72%, (ii) social media addiction was 74.34%, and (iii) internet addiction use was 8.55%. Online use behaviors (e.g., average hours spent online, types of social media platforms used, the purpose for internet use) and online-related addictions (to smartphones, social media, and the internet) predicted approximately 8% and 10% of the severity of depression symptoms, respectively. However, over the past two weeks, life stressors had the highest predictability for depression (35.9%). The final model predicted a total of 51.9% variance for depression symptoms. In the final model, romantic relationship problems (ß = 2.30, S.E = 0.58; p<0.01) and academic performance problems (ß = 1.76, S.E = 0.60; p<0.01) over the past two weeks; and increased internet addiction severity (ß = 0.05, S.E = 0.02; p<0.01) was associated with significantly increased depression symptom severity, whereas Twitter use was associated with reduced depression symptom severity (ß = 1.88, S.E = 0.57; p<0.05).

Conclusion

Despite life stressors being the largest predictor of depression symptom score severity, problematic online use also contributed significantly. Therefore, it is recommended that medical students’ mental health care services consider digital wellbeing and its relationship with problematic online use as part of a more holistic depression prevention and resilience program.
Weed community changes in saffron+chickpea intercropping under different irrigation management
Authors: Mohammadkhani Fatemeh , Pouryousef Majid , Yousefi Ali Reza , Gonzalez-Andujar Jose L.
Published: May 2023

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is among the world’s most expensive crops; nevertheless, it struggles to compete with weeds. Non-chemical farming practices, such as intercropping and reduced irrigation, can help to decrease weed problems. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the changes in the weed density, biomass and weed diversity under saffron-chickpea intercropping system with two irrigation regimes. The study’s treatments included two irrigation regimes, namely one-time irrigation and conventional irrigation (carried out four times from October through May), and six planting ratios of saffron and chickpea, namely saffron sole-crop (C1), chickpea sole-crop (C2) in eight rows, 1:1 (C3), 2:2 (C4), 2:1 (C5), and 3:1 (C6)] as main and sub-plots, respectively. The result showed that the conventional irrigation regimes increased weed diversity, however, it didn’t affect the Pielou index. Intercropping ratios decreased weed diversity compared to saffron and chickpea mono-cropping systems. The interaction effect of treatments was significant for weed density and weed biomass. In most intercropping ratios, weed density and weed biomass decreased under one-time irrigation regimes. The lowest values for weed density and biomass were observed with an average of 15.5 plants/m2 and 37.51 g/m2, respectively, under the one-time irrigation regime with C4 intercropping systems. This intercropping system did not show a significant difference with C3. Overall, the results indicate that a one-time irrigation regime and intercropping with chickpea, specifically with a 1:1 saffron-chickpea ratio (C3) and a 2:2 saffron-chickpea ratio (C4), could be effective strategies for weed management in saffron in semiarid cropping systems.
Revolutionizing Chemistry with Artificial Intelligence: Opportunities and Applications
Authors: D Kamalini , R Vijayabhanu , P Subashini , T T Dhivyaprabha , M B Jennyfer Susan
Published: May 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a potential technology that makes it possible to quickly analyze and comprehend enormous amounts of data. This poster highlights the potential of AI in analyzing a large amount of chemical data and enabling chemists to discover novel opportunities during chemical compound development. The study presents the application of AI algorithms in the field of chemistry such as drug discovery, chemical image analysis, toxicity prediction, etc. The work emphasizes the importance of AI in advancing chemistry and promoting more efficient and sustainable chemical processes.
Efficacy and safety of keverprazan compared to lansoprazole in the treatment of duodenal ulcer: a phase III, randomised, double-blind, multicentre trial
Authors: Tan Nian-di , Miao Xin-pu , Liao Ai-jun , Liu Cheng-xia , Wu Hao , Chen Hong-hui , Li Fang-fang , Guo Qing-hong , Li Sheng-bao , Tang Yan-ping , Xia Min , Liu You-li , Li Xing , Chen Hui-xin , Liu Xiao-wei , Zhang Yan , Zhang Zhen-yu , Chen Min-hu , Xiao Ying-lian
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

Keverprazan is a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker for the treatment of acid-related disorders requiring potent acid inhibition. This study aimed to establish the non-inferiority of keverprazan to lansoprazole in treatment of patients with duodenal ulcer (DU).

Methods:

In this phase III, double-blind, multicentre study, 360 Chinese patients with endoscopically conﬁrmed active DU were randomised 1:1 to take either keverprazan (20 mg) or lansoprazole (30 mg) treatment for up to 6 weeks. The primary endpoint was DU healing rate at week 6. The secondary endpoints were DU healing rate at week 4. Symptom improvement and safety were also assessed.

Results:

Based on full analysis set, the cumulative healing rates at week 6 were 94.4% (170/180) and 93.3% (166/178) for keverprazan and lansoprazole, respectively (difference: 1.2%; 95% CI: –4.0% to 6.5%). At week 4, the respective healing rates were 83.9% (151/180) and 80.3% (143/178). In per-protocol set, the 6-week healing rates in keverprazan and lansoprazole groups were 98.2% (163/166) and 97.6% (163/167), respectively (difference: 0.6%; 95% CI: –3.1% to 4.4%); the 4-week healing rates were respectively 86.8% (144/166) and 85.6% (143/167). Keverprazan was non-inferior to lansoprazole in DU healing after the treatment for 4 and 6 weeks. The incidence of treatment- emergent adverse events was comparable among groups.

Conclusions:

Keverprazan 20 mg had a good safety profile and was non-inferior to lansoprazole 30 mg once daily for DU healing.
Kajian Pemikiran Politik Islam Kontemporer
Authors: Nashir Haedar
Published: May 2023

Pemikiran politik Islam kontemporer merupakan kajian politik tentang isu-isu aktual seperti persoalan hubungan Islam dan politik, demokrasi, hak asasi manusia, negara-bangsa, pluralisme, feminisme, dan masalah-masalah mutakhir lainnya yang menggunakan banyak perspektif keilmuan Islam. Perspektif yang dikembangkan tidak hanya menggunakan pendekatan ilmu-ilmu keislaman yang bersifat sintesis antara klasik dan kontemporer, tetapi juga menggunakan pendekatan ilmu-ilmu sosial dari tradisi Baratdalam kerangka kerja epistemologis dan metodologis yang bersifat interkoneksi. Tulisan ini mengelaborasi keniscayaan kajian politik Islam kontemporer yang multidisipliner dimaksud
Sekapur sirih dan Daftar isi
Authors: Inright Inright
Published: May 2023

Dalam edisi Vol. 6, No. 1, November 2016 ini, IN RIGHT memuat diskursus yang dapat didiskusikan lebih lanjut, yaitu wacana agama dan politik, Islam politik dalam ranah hukum tata Negara, dan wacana HAM secara luas. Tema-tema yang disajikan kepada para pembaca dalam edisi ini tentu layak direspon dan dikembangkan pada edisi terbitan selanjutnya, sehingga memperluas wawasan dan spektrum kognisi yang pada gilirannya merambah wilayah afeksi dan psikomoterik di tengah masyarakat. Selamat Membaca!!!
Pengembangan Aplikasi Audit Satuan Pengawasan Internal UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
Authors: Wonoseto Muhammad Galih
Published: May 2023

In carrying out internal supervision duties, SPI UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta innovates by carrying out digital document-based supervision using the Google Drive service. SPI auditors often felt problems in using Google Drive, namely having to check the completeness of financial accountability documents manually one by one by opening a file on Google Drive. One of the goals of developing this application is to facilitate SPI auditors in checking the completeness of financial accountability report documents. The problems can be solved by creating an audit application. The audit application has been developed using the FAST method. Central admin, SPI admin, operator, superior operator, auditor, team leader, technical controller, and Head of SPI are user access rights in this application. The developed application has met the minimum requirements of SPI UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta. Other universities can adopt this application.
Artificial vision applied to manufacturing process
Authors: Hurtado-Cortés Luini Leonardo , Forero-Casallas John Alejandro , Ruiz-Rosas Víctor Elberto
Published: May 2023

This article presents the results of the implementation of artificial vision and image processing projects applied to a parts manufacturing process. In a first scenario, three-dimensional computational geometric models of the parts to be manufactured were obtained from the capture and processing of thermo-graphic images. In a later stage of the manufacturing process, a direct measurement system for cutting tool wear was implemented using HD images with image processing software using NI Lab VIEW from National Instruments®. In the final stage of parts manufacturing, the development of software (UDmetaL Handbook) for the quantitative metallographic analysis of micrographs for hypoeutectoid steels is presented. The software determines the type of steel based on the percentage of carbon and finds the mechanical properties of the material in a database that is incorporated into the software. The software's basis of operation is computational analysis through digital processing of metallographic images obtained through experimental laboratory processes using NI Lab VIEW software from National Instruments®.
Relaciones entre historia de las matemáticas y formación de ingenieros
Authors: Muñoz-Villate Weimar
Published: May 2023

Integrar aspectos históricos y epistemológicos de las matemáticas de Newton y de Leibniz en lo que actualmente conocemos como Teorema Fundamental del Cálculo (TFC), permite mejorar la accesibilidad (entendiéndola como “una herramienta para la preparación de profesionales” [1]) de los estudiantes de ingeniería a este objeto matemático, por cuanto Newton y Leibniz se relacionaron con este teorema como un resultado que emergió al resolver un problema [2]–[4], en concordancia con la necesidad de la ingeniería de diseñar artefactos que funcionen en la práctica, cumpliendo con el propósito y especificaciones que lo motivaron [5]. Este escrito busca entonces colaborar con el tránsito del conocimiento científico de Newton y Leibniz al saber pedagógico actual, proponiendo una nueva entrada a dicho teorema, vía el software GeoGebra. Se presentarán tres relaciones del TC: su relación con los textos universitarios actuales y precedentes; el TFC en los trabajos de Newton y de Leibniz; y, por último, la historia y las prácticas docentes de los formadores de ingenieros.
Offering strategy of a price-maker virtual power plant in the day-ahead market
Authors: Nguyen-Hong Nhung , Bui Quang Khai , Phan Vo Thanh Long , Bui Huynh Duc
Published: May 2023

With the rapid increase of renewable energy sources (RESs), the virtual power plant model (VPP) has been developed to integrate RESs, energy storage systems (ESSs), and local customers to overcome the RESs’ disadvantages. When the VPP’s capacity is large enough, it can participate in the electricity market as a price-maker instead of a price-taker to obtain a higher profit. This study proposes a bi-level optimization model to determine the optimal trading strategies of a price-maker VPP in the day-ahead (DA) market. The operation schedule of the components in the VPP is also optimized to achieve the highest profit for the VPP. In the bi-level optimization problem, the upper-level model is maximizing the VPP’s profit while the lower-level model is the DA market-clearing problem. The bi-level optimization problem is formulated as a Mathematical Problem with Equilibrium Constraints (MPEC), reformulated to a Mixed Integer Linear Problem (MILP), then solved by GAMS and CPLEX. This study applies the bi-level optimization model to a test VPP system, including wind plants (WP), solar plants (PV), biogas energy plants (BG), ESSs, and several customers. The maximum power outputs of WP and PV are 100MW and 90MW, respectively. The total installed capacity of BG is 70MW, while the ESS’ rated capacity is 100MWh. The local customers have the highest total consumption of 100MW. In addition to the VPP, four GENCOs and three retailers participate in the DA market. The results show that the market-clearing price varies depending on the participants’ production/consumption quantity and offering/bidding price. However, based on the optimization model, the VPP can take full advantage of WP and PV available power output, choose the right time to operate BG, then obtain the highest profit. The results also show that with the ESS’ rated capacity of 100MWh, the ESS’ rated discharging/charging power increased from 10MW to 50MW will increase VPP’s profit from 45987$ to 49464$. The obtained results show that the proposed model has practical significance
Preface
Authors: Březinová Helena
Published: May 2023

Editorial
Progress, Liberty and National Identity, or Outdatedness, Aristocratic Snobbery and Helpless Liberalism – Intellectual Attitudes Towards Georg Brandes in Hungary between 1870 and 1914
Authors: Soós Anita , Csúr Gábor
Published: May 2023

For many centuries, Hungarian history and culture has been determined by both the country’s geographical position between “West” and “East” and its predominant desire to belong to the West. The concept of Hungary as an inferior culture on the periphery (which, however, managed to become an integrated part of Western Europe from time to time) at the very least stretches back to medieval sources. To compensate for the bitterness and unfulfilled demand to overcome the nation’s subjection to foreign powers, a great number of nineteenth- and twentieth-century political and cultural movements aimed towards gaining a more active and independent role in the region. In the 1880s and 1890s, the reception of the late 19th-century Danish literary critic Georg Brandes revealed new perspectives for Hungarian intellectuals and literary groups. When inspired by Brandes’s revolutionary thoughts and impact on Scandinavian society and literature, the goal of a broad-minded and modern Hungarian nation, as well as a successful breakout from a secondary role within the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy seemed closer at hand.
Molecular functions of RNA helicases during ribosomal subunit assembly
Authors: Khreiss Ali , Bohnsack Katherine E. , Bohnsack Markus T.
Published: May 2023

During their biogenesis, the ribosomal subunits undergo numerous structural and compositional changes to achieve their final architecture. RNA helicases are a key driving force of such remodelling events but deciphering their particular functions has long been challenging due to lack of knowledge of their molecular functions and RNA substrates. Advances in the biochemical characterisation of RNA helicase activities together with new insights into RNA helicase binding sites on pre-ribosomes and structural snapshots of pre-ribosomal complexes containing RNA helicases now open the door to a deeper understanding of precisely how different RNA helicases contribute to ribosomal subunit maturation.
Competing factors in SLA: how the CASP model of SLA explains the acquisition of English restrictive relative clauses by native speakers of Arabic and Korean
Authors: Hitz John
Published: May 2023

The Complex Adaptive Systems Principles (CASP) model of SLA claims that L1 transfer results when language processing effort is minimized. This claim was investigated by a self-paced on-line sentence judgment task in which L1 Arabic and Korean speakers and a control group of L1 English speakers read and judged English subject, direct object, and oblique relative clauses (RCs) in gapped and resumptive pronoun (RP) conditions. It was hypothesized that L1 influence would cause the Arabic speakers to accept English RCs with RPs more frequently than Korean speakers because RPs are acceptable in Arabic direct object and oblique RCs, whereas Korean bans RPs in these RC types. It was also hypothesized that the L2 English speakers would accept RPs more often than the L1 English speakers because RPs would ease L2 sentence processing. As predicted, L1 Arabic speakers accepted RPs more frequently than L1 Korean speakers, a transfer effect, and both L2 English groups accepted RPs more frequently than L1 English speakers, a processing effect. The results thus support the CASP model’s claim that L1 transfer is conditioned by language processing and other complex SLA processes that interact with one another.
Influence of graphene coating in electrical discharge machining with an aluminum electrode
Authors: Pham Van Dong , Shirguppikar Shailesh , Huu Phan Nguyen , Thangaraj Muthuramalingam , Le Thi Phuong Thanh , Trong Ly Nguyen , Ganachari Vaibhav
Published: May 2023

Since the cost of electrodes in electrical discharge machining (EDM) is usually too high, it leads to a significant increase in the production cost. Hence, it is important to conduct research aimed at reducing the manufacturing cost of electrodes. Currently, coated electrodes are a new process solution in EDM. It can improve the economic and technical efficiency of this technology. In this article, the efficiency of the graphene-coated aluminum (Al) electrode in the EDM for Ti–6Al–4V was analyzed and evaluated. Material removal rate and tool wear rate were used as quality indicators in this work. The research results have shown a significant improvement in quality characteristics in EDM with coated electrodes compared to EDM with uncoated electrodes. The surface quality of the specimen with coated electrodes in EDM was also improved.
Review of wrongful convictions following police misconduct: A study of the English Criminal Cases Review Commission
Authors: Hoyle Carolyn
Published: May 2023

The Criminal Cases Review Commission (CCRC) reviews possible wrongful convictions in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, referring back to the Court of Appeal cases where there is a ›real possibility‹ that the conviction is unsafe. This article presents findings from a four-year empirical study of decision-making within the CCRC. It explores how Commission staff exercise discretionary powers in identifying and investigating possible wrongful convictions, referring just a few back to the Court. Since its inception in April 1997, the CCRC has received almost 29,000 applications and referred 797 back to the Court of Appeal. Of these referrals, the Court has quashed the conviction in 542 cases. In 2019-20, the CCRC received 1,334 applications, and in 2020-21, 1,142.

It focuses on a sample of cases that turned on police misconduct in pursuit of a socio-legal contribution to our understanding of the response of the state to claims of wrongful conviction. It demonstrates that caseworkers’ approaches to investigation and decision-making is shaped by the law and internal policies such that reasonably consistent decision frames emerge.
Monkeypox scenario in India: a review study
Authors: William Ashish , Madan Molly
Published: May 2023

The monkeypox virus, which causes the viral zoonotic disease, is known as the most significant orthopoxvirus infection following the elimination of smallpox. The monkeypox virus, which was previously exclusive to West and Central African nations and caused endemic diseases in monkeys and people, has recently been linked to human infections in non-endemic areas including the United States of America (USA) and more than 30 additional countries. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of monkeypox have also recently been made available by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India and the Indian Government. The monkeypox outbreak continues to be a worldwide health emergency, the highest degree of alert recognised by the World Health Organization. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advises vaccination for those who have been exposed to the disease as well as those who may be at higher risk of contracting it, such as those who have been identified by public health officials as a contact of someone who has the disease.
Design analysis and manufacture of a variable load effective wear machine
Authors: Ateş Ergun
Published: May 2023

A variable load effective wear machine was designed, analyzed using the finite element method, and manufactured after its strength was verified. The creation of the solid design model and the finite element analysis were performed in the SolidWorks program. In the wear machine, the abrasive, attached to a plate that can move linearly back and forth, is in contact with the surface of a material to be tested in a fixed position. In the system, the movement is repeated periodically twice in each cycle. The operation of the design system is explained by the calculation of the reaction force and strength under different loads, depending on certain settings. The wear machine was able to operate successfully for a maximum of 30 N loads and up to 30 min in the wear tests. Compared to linear motion wear machines operating with constant speed and a constant load effect, the manufactured wear machine can better explain the wear mechanism between contact materials as a “constant load-variable load effect”.
Attention without Constraint: Alpha Lateralization in Uncued Willed Attention
Authors: Nadra John G. , Bengson Jesse J. , Morales Alexander B. , Mangun George R.
Published: May 2023

Studies of voluntary visual spatial attention have used attention-directing cues, such as arrows, to induce or instruct observers to focus selective attention on relevant locations in visual space to detect or discriminate subsequent target stimuli. In everyday vision, however, voluntary attention is influenced by a host of factors, most of which are quite different from the laboratory paradigms that use attention-directing cues. These factors include priming, experience, reward, meaning, motivations, and high-level behavioral goals. Attention that is endogenously directed in the absence of external attention-directing cues has been referred to as “self-initiated attention” or, as in our prior work, as “willed attention” where volunteers decide where to attend in response to a prompt to do so. Here, we used a novel paradigm that eliminated external influences (i.e., attention-directing cues and prompts) about where and/or when spatial attention should be directed. Using machine learning decoding methods, we showed that the well known lateralization of EEG alpha power during spatial attention was also present during purely self-generated attention. By eliminating explicit cues or prompts that affect the allocation of voluntary attention, this work advances our understanding of the neural correlates of attentional control and provides steps toward the development of EEG-based brain–computer interfaces that tap into human intentions.
Neuronally Derived Soluble Abeta Evokes Cell-Wide Astrocytic Calcium Dysregulation in Absence of Amyloid Plaquesin Vivo
Authors: Kelly Patricia , Sanchez-Mico Maria V. , Hou Steven S. , Whiteman Sara , Russ Alyssa , Hudry Eloise , Arbel-Ornath Michal , Greenberg Steven M. , Bacskai Brian J.
Published: May 2023

The key pathologic entities driving the destruction of synaptic function and integrity during the evolution of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain elusive. Astrocytes are structurally and functionally integrated within synaptic and vascular circuitry and use calcium-based physiology to modulate basal synaptic transmission, vascular dynamics, and neurovascular coupling, which are central to AD pathogenesis. We used high-resolution multiphoton imaging to quantify all endogenous calcium signaling arising spontaneously throughout astrocytic somata, primary processes, fine processes, and capillary endfeet in the brain of awake APP/PS1 transgenic mice (11 male and 6 female mice). Endogenous calcium signaling within capillary endfeet, while surprisingly as active as astrocytic fine processes, was reduced ∼50% in the brain of awake APP/PS1 mice. Cortical astrocytes, in the presence of amyloid plaques in awake APP/PS1 mice, had a cell-wide increase in intracellular calcium associated with an increased frequency, amplitude, and duration of spontaneous calcium signaling. The cell-wide astrocytic calcium dysregulation was not directly related to distance to amyloid plaques. We could re-create the cell-wide intracellular calcium dysregulation in the absence of amyloid plaques following acute exposure to neuronally derived soluble Abeta from Tg2576 transgenic mice, in the living brain of male C57/Bl6 mice. Our findings highlight a role for astrocytic calcium pathophysiology in soluble-Abeta mediated neurodegenerative processes in AD. Additionally, therapeutic strategies aiming to protect astrocytic calcium physiology from soluble Abeta-mediated toxicity may need to pharmacologically enhance calcium signaling within the hypoactive capillary endfeet while reducing the hyperactivity of spontaneous calcium signaling throughout the rest of the astrocyte.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAstrocytic calcium signaling is functionally involved in central pathologic processes of Alzheimer's disease. We quantified endogenous calcium signaling arising spontaneously in the brain of awake APP/PS1 mice, as general anesthesia suppressed astrocytic calcium signaling. Cell-wide astrocytic calcium dysregulation was not related to distance to amyloid plaques but mediated in part by neuronally derived soluble Abeta, supporting a role for astrocytes in soluble-Abeta mediated neurodegeneration. Spontaneous calcium signaling is largely compartmentalized and capillary endfeet were as active as fine processes but hypoactive in the presence of amyloid plaques, while the rest of the astrocyte became hyperactive. The cell-wide calcium pathophysiology in astrocytes may require a combination therapeutic strategy for hypoactive endfeet and astrocytic hyperactivity.