bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fate of the Santo Cristo de Burgos Galleon or Beeswax Wreck (1693): Impacts from High-Energy Neotectonic, Oceanographic, and Geomorphic Processes, Manzanita-Nehalem, Oregon, USA
Authors: Peterson Curt D. , Williams Scott S. , Mock Thomas G. , Whiting Carl A.
Published: January 2025

The fate of the Santo Cristo de Burgos galleon (1693) is established from 1) alongshore dispersals of shipwreck artifacts prior to the 1700 Cascadia earthquake, 2) shipwreck artifacts deposited by 1700 tsunami surges in beaches and estuary wetlands, and 3) post-1700 subsidence catastrophic beach retreat in the Manzanita-Nehalem study area. Shipwreck structures, unabraded sherds, and historically salvaged beeswax blocks and tropical wood timbers, are associated with the 1700 tsunami overtopping of the Nehalem Bay sand spit. However, a rapid ship breakup and alongshore dispersal of shipwreck debris must have occurred during the 7 years between the loss of the galleon and the 1700 great earthquake and associated nearfield tsunami surges. The pre-1700 alongshore distribution of recovered artifacts argue for a primary shipwreck site located offshore of the Nehalem Bay sand spit. Measured ocean beach tsunami runup, including high-velocity flow (8 m elevation) likely resulted in further dismemberment of shipwreck superstructures and remobilization of shipwreck flotsam to elevated dune ramps and the over-washed sand spit. Inshore tsunami runup elevations in the lower bay wetlands (3.5 m elevation) and upper bay floodplains (2.7 m elevation) permitted shipwreck flotsam dispersal to reach up-channel distances of 14 km. Catastrophic beach retreat (130 m landward of modern beaches) following the 1700 coseismic coastal subsidence (~1.0 m) would have further eroded beached shipwreck structures. However, backwashed ceramic artifacts could have been initially buried by accommodation space filling (£1.0 m) in the innermost shelf. Subsequent storm wave remobilization of buried sherds and their transport to headland bounded shoreline entrapments continues to the present. The rapid breakup and pre-1700 alongshore dispersal of the Beeswax Wreck debris, could explain the lack of remaining shipwreck structures for two other lost galleons, the San Agustín (1595) and San Juanillo (1578), on the high-energy central west coast of North America.
Het medisch beroepsgeheim vanuit Europees mensenrechtelijke optiek
Authors: Hendriks A.C.
Published: January 2025

Het medisch beroepsgeheim vanuit Europees mensenrechtelijke optiek

Deze bijdrage onderzoekt de relatie tussen het medisch beroepsgeheim en de rechten van de individuele patiënt, met nadruk op de privacyrechten zoals die op Europees niveau zijn vastgelegd.
Het beroepsgeheim en het zorgstelsel
Authors: Jannink M.E. , Hendriks S.D.
Published: January 2025

Het beroepsgeheim en het zorgstelsel: hoe om te gaan met het beroepsgeheim bij controle door zorgverzekeraars en faillissementen van zorgaanbieders?

Het artikel bespreekt het medisch beroepsgeheim binnen het zorgstelsel, met focus op controles door zorgverzekeraars en faillissementen van zorgaanbieders. Het benadrukt de noodzaak van passende wettelijke doorbrekingsgronden en de bescherming van patiëntgegevens om de vertrouwensband tussen patiënt en zorgverlener te waarborgen.
A REVIEW ON ORAL IRON SUPPLEMENTS AND IRON ABSORPTION PATHWAYS – SCIENTIFIC RATIONALE AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Authors: Kumar Udaya , Masuma S , Roopesh L , Gowtham C , Himani K
Published: January 2025

Iron supplements are mainstay for prevention and management of anemia. Women, pregnant or not, in particular are vulnerable, and need regular clinical monitoring and care. A knowledge of different pathways of iron absorption and their regulation, helps in understanding the scientific rationale behind formulation, dosing, and response of different iron supplements. The amount of elemental iron, the absorption of the selected iron supplement, and the hemoglobin rise needed, are the parameters that help calculate the dosing amount and frequency. Conventional iron supplements like ferrous sulphate may be lower on cost with acceptable efficacy and therefore suitable for initiating therapy especially in low socio-economic strata, but gastrointestinal adverse effects are common, that may compromise response and compliance. Advanced formulations like liposomal iron have shown higher bioavailability and tolerability among iron supplements, maintaining at least comparable efficacy to conventional ferrous supplements, and therefore can be the treatment of choice to initiate therapy in those where cost is not a factor, or as a switch when tolerability, compliance, or rise in hemoglobin and ferritin with conventional iron supplements is not satisfactory. For heme iron, comparative clinical studies are yet to show clinical benefits over conventional ferrous supplements, however it can still serve as another option available when gastro-intestinal side effects like constipation, limit the effectiveness of conventional iron supplements.
Penggunaan Media Komunikasi Dalam Meningkatkan Literasi Digital Pada Remaja Di Kecamatan Tanralili Kabupaten Maros
Authors: Rahmatullah J  , Andriansyah
Published: January 2025

Penggunaan Media Komunikasi dalam meningkatkan literasi media digital pada remaja di Kecamatan Tanralili Kabupaten Maros. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Penggunaan media komunikasi dalam meningkatkan literasi digital pada remaja dan untuk mengetahui faktor apa saja yang menghambat dan pendukung  penggunaan media komunikasi untuk meningkatkan literasi digital pada remaja. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Data yang ada didapatkan dari hasil wawancara, pengamatan, observasi,  dokumentasi, foto dan telaah pustaka kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik condensation, display dan conclusion drawing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media komunikasi dalam meningkatkan literasi media digital pada remaja di Kecamatan Tanralili, bahwa remaja menggunakan sosial media untuk berdagang online, digunakan untuk menyalurkan hobi, sosialisasi online, belajar online dan menambah wawasan, berintraksi dengan banyak kalangan, update dalam  mendapat informasi, komunikasi  lancar tanpa hambatan, hiburan mencari pasangan, faktor penghambat yang dirasakan adalah penyebaran jaringan yang tidak merata di setiap desa, kurangnya konrol diri saat menggunakan media sosial, selalu muncul bentuk kejahatan baru di sosial media, cyberbullying di media sosial sudah menjadi hal umum faktor pendukungnya yang dirasakan remaja adalah remaja sadar banyak  berita hoax di sosial media, remaja paham pentingnya menjaga privasi dalam  bermedia sosial, paham penggunaan sosial media dan gadget.
Structural and Functional Aspects of Language
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of "Uzbek and Eastern Languages" of the Oriental University, Uzbekistan, Shirin Sharasulova
Published: January 2025

These are the issues that form the methodological and theoretical foundations of linguistics. Linguistics has developed various scientific directions and methods since its early days. These issues include the theoretical principles, approaches, concepts, and notions that linguists use in the study of language.
مقاصد الانتخابات في دول ما بعد النزاعات الاثنية
Authors: صالح علي خلف
Published: January 2025

للانتخابات في دول ما بعد النزاعات الاثنية مقاصد تسعى إلى تحقيقها والحد من اثار التطرف العنيف ضد الاخر المختلف اثنيا، فترسيخ اسس التعايش السلمي بين المكونات الاجتماعية، وتحقيق الاستقرار السياسي، وتداول السلطة سلميا، هي مقاصد لآلية الانتخاب في الدول التي تعاني من النزاعات على اسس اثنية، فمرحلة ما بعد النزاعات تحتاج إلى اليات جديدة لإزالة كل اسباب النزاع او الحد من اثارها، وفي هذه الحالة نحتاج إلى انتخابات نزيهة وادارة مستقلة وآليات شفافة تحد من صراع الهويات الاثنية والاستقطابات الطائفية والتكفير، من كل هذا يهدف البحث الى تحليل مقاصد الانتخابات وتحديد اهمها للوصول إلى التعايش السلمي بين المكونات الاجتماعية لبناء سلام مستدام في العراق.
أثر اختصاصات مجالس المحافظات في حقوق الإنسان
Authors: جمعة صالح عمر , علوان كريم منتصر
Published: January 2025

تُعَدُّ حقوق الإنسان من أسمى مراتب النظام العام, تسعى الدولة لضمان حمايتها وعدم انتهاكها, ولمّا كان إشباع حاجات الأفراد وتقديم أفضل الخدمات لهم من أولويات الإدارة؛ فإنّ أجهزة الإدارة التي تُعنى بذلك تكون في تأثير دائم بتلك الحقوق, فإمّا أنْ تُسهم في حمايتها؛ أو أنْ تكون سببًا في انتهاك تلك الحقوق, وبعد أنْ تعددت وظائف ومهام الدولة الحديثة, صار من الصعوبة بمكان أنْ تُشبع جميع حاجات الأفراد من قبل سلطات الدولة المركزية؛ لذا: تَوجَّب أنْ يُعطى دورٌ إلى الهيئات المحلية اللامركزية لتقومَ بمهام إشباع حاجات الأفراد المحليين, كونُها اقدر من غيرها على القيام بهذا الدور، وعلى إثر ذلك نَشَأت اللامركزية الإدارية كأسلوب أو طريقة للتنظيم الإداري, ويتمتع مجلس المحافظة بمركز قانوني هام وحيوي في نظام اللامركزية الإدارية الإقليمية, يُمارس اختصاصاته الممنوحة له وفقًا لمبادئ اللامركزية الإدارية, وأنّ لتلك الاختصاصات أثارًا في حقوق الإنسان؛ سلبًا وإيجابًا, ويُعَدُّ قانون المحافظات غير المنتظمة في إقليم رقم 21 لعام 2008, المعدل, كنقطة تحول جوهرية في طريق تطبيق نظام اللامركزية الإدارية في العراق, إلّا أنَّ بعضًا من نصوصه بحاجة إلى المراجعة والتعديل, للخروج بتنظيمٍ أكثر تكاملًا, يحقق الغاية التي أنشأ هذا النظام من أجلها؛ وهي: توزيع الوظائف الإدارية بين الإدارة المركزية, وبين الهيئات المحلية, وانصراف الإدارة المركزية للأهداف القومية, وكذلك: منح تلك الهيئات الاستقلال اللازم لممارسة اختصاصاتها المحددة لها بموجب القانون, بما يمكنها من إدارة شؤونها, كونها الأقرب للأفراد, والأكثر معرفة بحاجاتهم, وهو ما يعود بالنفع العام للمجتمعات المحلية, ويسهم في تحقيق التنمية لتلك المجتمعات.
اشكالية تطبيق العدالة الانتقالية في تجربة العراق السياسية بعد عام 2003 -دراسة تحليلية
Authors: يحيى هادي الزهيري أحمد , فالح حسين عدي
Published: January 2025

اقدم العراق على تطبيق العدالة الانتقالية للتحول من النظام الدكتاتوري وتبعاته الى النظام الديمقراطي، الا ان ما يميز الحالة العراقية عن تجارب العدالة الانتقالية الاخرى انه قنن بعض عناصر هذه العدالة دستوريا وهذا قد يختلف عن التجارب الاخرى التي تتميز بأنها مؤقتة تنتهي بانتهاء المهمة المبتغاة منها، وقد نجح العراق ايضا في تطبيق عنصر من عناصر العدالة الانتقالية وافرط في تطبيقه الا أنه لم يكمل تطبيق العناصر الاخرى ورغم كل ذلك فإنَّ جبر الضرر الذي اتبعه العراق في معالجة آلام الماضي للضحية جعل هذه الاخيرة تبتعد كثيرا بالتفكير في الانتقام من الجاني.
Artérias da base do encéfalo em caprinos
Authors: Silva Ewerton Fylipe de Araújo , Souza Pablo Rudá Ferreira Barros de , Albuquerque Priscilla Virgínio de , Ribeiro Apolônio Gomes , Miranda Maria Eduarda Luiz Coelho de , Alcântara Silvia Fernanda de , Nascimento Júlio Cézar dos Santos , Evêncio-Neto Joaquim , Abreu Bento João
Published: January 2025

O conhecimento das variações anatômicas das artérias da base do encéfalo nos vertebrados tem sido objeto de estudo em várias pesquisas na área da neuroanatomia. Capra hircus é uma espécie muito importante para pecuária, sobretudo na região do nordeste brasileiro. No entanto, estudos sobre esses vasos em caprinos são escassos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever o arranjo arterial do encéfalo em caprinos. Utilizou-se dez cabeças de caprinos obtidas de um matadouro.  As artérias carótidas internas foram dissecadas, canuladas e preenchida com látex natural corado em vermelho. Em seguida, o encéfalo foi retirado e fixado em formol a 20% para posterior análise. Foi encontrada a presença das artérias vertebrais formando a artéria basilar e, desta, emergia um par de artérias cerebelares caudais. Na porção final de cada artéria carótida interna encontravam-se três ramos, a artéria cerebral rostral, média e comunicante caudal, que a partir desta originou a artéria cerebral caudal e cerebelares rostral e média.  A vascularização arterial do encéfalo de caprino foi semelhante aos arranjos já descritos para outros ungulados, onde também foi identificada a participação dos sistemas, carotídico e vertebrobasilar.
Neoplasias mamárias e reprodutivas em Cavia Porcellus e Rattus Norvergicus Domestica
Authors: Moraes Marta Santos de , Alberti Taina dos Santos , Pereira Clairton Marcolongo , Sousa Carolina Gonçalves de , Teles Mariana Accorsi , Zoia Wesley Aquino , Raffi Margarida Buss , Sallis Eliza Simone Viégas
Published: January 2025

Neoplasias mamárias e reprodutivas em Cavia porcellus e Rattus norvergicus domestica são subnotificadas na medicina veterinária. Com o crescente número de novas espécies habitando com humanos como novos animais de companhia, se faz necessário compreender os processos patológicos das comorbidades que acometem essas espécies, afim de encontrar um diagnóstico correto e tratamento eficaz. O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever as principais neoplasias reprodutivas e mamárias encontradas em Cavia porcellus e Rattus norvergicus domestica na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. No presente estudo, as neoplasias encontradas foram três casos de carcinomas mamários em Cavia porcellus e um caso em Rattus norvergicus domestica seguido de um caso de tumor de células da granulosa em Cavia porcellus. Semelhante aos cães e gatos, nestas espécies as neoplasias ocorrem com maior frequência em animais adultos a idosos, contudo, em relação ao sexo, tanto machos como fêmeas são acometidos principalmente no que se refere a tumores mamários. Com a domesticação de novas animais de companhia e a procura de profissionais capacitados para atender suas necessidades veem se conhecendo patologias que são semelhantes entre várias espécies animais.
Gestão de compras e estoque como fator decisivo para a competitive empresarial
Authors: Basso Micheli Cristiani Aiello , Sant’Ana Diana Dutra , Silva Camilla Polonini Salgado , Cruvinel Guilherme Ferreira Araújo , Moreira Rafael da Silva , Melotti Leonardo Marcondes Domingues , Leal Adriano Pinheiro de Souza , Carvalho Fabricio Pires de , Ventura Rafael , Romão Douglas , Souza Raquel de , Guardiano Bruna Cássia Rodrigues , Silva Adriano Rodrigues da , Alves Airel Rodrigues
Published: January 2025

A gestão de custos dentro das organizações gera benefícios e as tornam competitivas. Neste sentido o presente artigo buscou analisar como o processo de compras e estoques podem afetar nos lucros de uma empresa. O setor de compras tem contribuído para que a empresa permaneça no mercado competitivo e que vem desempenhando um papel importante dentro das organizações. Neste contexto, o seguinte trabalho busca abordar, dentro do tema proposto, procedimentos e práticas que podem ser adotadas para a área de Logística, em específico o departamento de compras, tendo em vista a maximização, segurança e eficácia de suas operações, visando a competitividade empresarial. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica que forneceu o embasamento dos conhecimentos relatados, tais como a função compras e a sua contextualização.
Elaboração e validação de protocolo de atendimento da reumatologia pediátrica do Hospital Universitário de Maringá
Authors: Venazzi Mateus Sabaini , Kaneshima Edilson Nobuyoshi , Grizzo Felipe Merchan Ferraz , Miguel Edson Roberto Arpini , Venazzi Michelle Cristina de Oliveira , Venazzi Murilo Sabaini , Pezarini Leonardo Lopes Luppi , Fogaça Guilherme Henrique Silva , Ruppen Ian Caldeira
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: O ambulatório de Reumatologia Pediátrica do Hospital Universitário de Maringá (HUM) é o único dessa especialidade no Sistema Único de Saúde da região metropolitana. São encaminhados ao ambulatório pacientes por meio da Secretaria de Saúde ou internamente, através do pronto-socorro, enfermaria e UTI pediátrica do HUM. Não há protocolos de encaminhamento ou parâmetros estabelecidos, variando de acordo com a experiência de cada profissional que faz o primeiro atendimento, o que resulta em encaminhamentos e pedidos de avaliação desnecessários. Com relação ao atendimento, há discrepância na estruturação dos prontuários eletrônicos dos pacientes, o que torna difícil a busca por informações específicas de cada paciente no momento da consulta. Portanto, a elaboração e implantação de protocolos para encaminhamento/interconsulta e para atendimento ambulatorial, favorecem o conhecimento acadêmico, a gestão e a organização das ações em saúde voltadas para os pacientes atendidos no Ambulatório. Ressalta-se que não foi encontrado, na literatura científica, protocolos específicos que abordem sinais e sintomas de pacientes reumatológicos pediátricos, para encaminhamento ou atendimento. Métodos: Após a elaboração dos protocolos, com base na literatura médica e nas necessidades identificadas no serviço, apresentou-se a vinte profissionais da área pediátrica do serviço em questão, que posteriormente responderam a um questionário para validação com vinte e seis questões cujas respostas seguiram a escala de Likert. Resultados e Conclusões: A grande maioria dos entrevistados mostrou concordar fortemente com as perguntas propostas. Após análise estatística, demonstrou-se alta confiabilidade das dimensões, corroborando a aplicabilidade dos protocolos na prática clínica, com o cumprimento dos objetivos propostos.
Guardião Constitucional ou Guardião Aporofóbico: a influência neoliberal nas decisões do STF sobre vínculo empregatício e a exclusão dos trabalhadores da teia de proteção trabalhista
Authors: Teodoro Maria Cecília Máximo , Luz Lucas Moreira de Abreu
Published: January 2025

Este artigo analisa o papel do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) nas questões trabalhistas, com foco nas reclamações constitucionais relacionadas ao vínculo empregatício. Por meio de uma análise das decisões conduzida pelo Núcleo de Pesquisa em Teoria e Análise do Direito do Trabalho (NTADT) da Universidade de São Paulo (USP) e pela Associação Nacional dos Magistrados da Justiça do Trabalho (ANAMATRA), bem como pelo relatório promovido pela Fundação Getúlio Vargas – Escola de Direito de São Paulo (FGV Direito SP), investiga-se se a Corte adota uma postura neoliberal e aporofóbica, resultando na exclusão dos trabalhadores mais vulneráveis da teia de proteção trabalhista. A hipótese central é de que o STF, ao priorizar uma política econômica que enfraquece os direitos trabalhistas, pode estar falhando em seu papel de guardião dos direitos fundamentais, promovendo uma exclusão social. O estudo questiona se a Corte está realmente cumprindo seu papel constitucional ou agindo como um "Guardião Aporofóbico", prejudicando a proteção dos direitos sociais garantidos pela Constituição.
Cuidar com alegria: um relato de experiência sobre o impacto da risoterapia no Dia das Crianças
Authors: Chiamulera Thainara Marques , Chiamulera Maria Luiza Marques , Lucena Alinne Beserra de
Published: January 2025

Introdução: A relação médico-paciente evoluiu de um modelo centrado, exclusivamente, no médico para uma abordagem mais humanizada e integral. A vivência hospitalar é caracterizada por uma visão apenas negativa do hospital, no entanto, é necessário ressignificar como um local passível de existir brincadeiras, humor, riso, imaginação, arte e criatividade Com o tempo, buscou-se amenizar o ambiente hospitalar e o palhaço tornou-se símbolo dessa humanização, utilizando improvisação, música e recreação para promover bem-estar emocional, principalmente, voltado ao universo infantil. Objetivos: Relatar a ação social realizada no Dia das Crianças em um hospital municipal de João Pessoa que recebe crianças e adolescentes. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência que descreve uma ação social realizada por integrantes da Liga Acadêmica de Neuroanatomia Clínica e Cirúrgica da Paraíba (LINACC-PB), em outubro de 2024, com o uso da terapia do riso. Relato: No dia 7 de outubro, em João Pessoa, a LINACC, junto a outras ligas acadêmicas, promoveu atividades recreativas no Hospital Municipal de Valentina, com a utilização da dança e brincadeiras para estimular alegria e bem-estar. Brinquedos, arrecadados por meio de doações universitárias, foram entregues às crianças. A ação demonstrou os benefícios da risoterapia em conjunto com os cuidados paliativos, promovendo apoio psicossocial e emocional às crianças e adolescentes vulneráveis. Conclusão: A atividade proporcionou uma formação prática dinâmica, fortalecendo relações interpessoais, aliviando dores e diminuindo o estresse hospitalar das crianças. Assim, promoveu um ambiente acolhedor e humanizado por meio do humor.
Hemograma: um aliado no diagnóstico da anemia ferropriva
Authors: Bessa Vicente Alberto Lima , Barros Wesley de Marce Rodrigues
Published: January 2025

A anemia ferropriva é uma doença em que a pessoa apresenta deficiência de ferro devido ao déficit na ingestão ou à absorção inadequada pelo organismo. O resultado é a sensação de fadiga e fraqueza, que diminui a qualidade de vida da pessoa, mas pode causar danos mais severos à saúde se não for tratada corretamente. Esse tipo de anemia é o mais prevalente no mundo e tornou-se um problema de saúde pública no Brasil, principalmente porque está fortemente correlacionado com a desnutrição ou alimentação inadequada da população. Logo, é importante que ela seja diagnosticada e tratada o mais rapidamente possível. O hemograma é um exame laboratorial recomendado para auxiliar no diagnóstico e no tratamento da anemia ferropriva, pois fornece informações valiosas para a equipe de saúde. Por isso, foi desenvolvido este estudo bibliográfico com o objetivo de investigar a correlação entre a anemia ferropriva e os parâmetros hematológicos. Por meio dele, pode-se confirmar a diminuição do número de eritrócitos, da concentração de hemoglobina e do percentual de hematócrito. Os índices hematimétricos, como VCM, HCM e CHCM, encontram-se diminuídos, enquanto o RDW está aumentado, indicando anisocitose. Outros exames laboratoriais são recomendados, como a dosagem de ferro sérico, ferritina sérica e IST, que também estão diminuídos; contudo, o CTLF apresenta-se elevado. Portanto, infere-se que o hemograma e os exames laboratoriais pesquisados são importantes para o diagnóstico, tratamento e acompanhamento do estado de saúde de pacientes com anemia ferropriva.
Hospitalidade pública no alojamento estudantil da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Mattos Kaiza Binotti de , Cesar Pedro Henrique , Frank Fabiola Bonaldo , Veras Osvaldo do Nascimento , Moreira Sueli Aparecida
Published: January 2025

A hospitalidade pública é conjunto de práticas e políticas promovidas pelo poder público para garantir o acolhimento digno, a integração social e a promoção da cidadania em espaços coletivos (GRINOVER, 2007). A hospitalidade de um alojamento estudantil influencia na qualidade de vida e no bem-estar dos estudantes, principalmente daqueles que migraram de outras cidades ou regiões. A acessibilidade é um dos fundamentos para assegurar a hospitalidade urbana (GRINOVER, 2007), principalmente nos espaços públicos que incluem os alojamentos estudantis. Então, realizou-se um estudo de observação estruturada com o objetivo de avaliar a hospitalidade a partir da acessibilidade e confortabilidade dos espaços de convivência dos alojamentos masculino e feminino da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Os espaços compartilhados desempenham diversos usos que comprometem a hospitalidade, acessibilidade, confortabilidade e a higiene.  Concluiu-se que a gestão do alojamento, bem como a infraestrutura física e a política estudantil são cruciais para assegurar hospitalidade e qualidade de vida ao convívio estudantil.
Elevação da competitividade no mercado internacional com o uso do blockchain
Authors: Leonel Ricardo , Santos Daiane Rodrigues dos , Dantas Alexis , Cunha Rafael Alves da
Published: January 2025

A crescente concorrência internacional e a globalização impulsionam empresas a adotar novas tecnologias para melhorar sua eficiência e competitividade. Nesse contexto, o blockchain surge como uma ferramenta categorica no comércio exterior. Sua base de dados descentralizada e pública oferece confiança ao garantir registros imutáveis. Além disso, a digitalização e eliminação de intermediários podem reduzir custos financeiros. Este estudo teve como foco o impacto positivo do blockchain no mercado internacional, destacando benefícios como transparência, segurança e eficiência na gestão de transações e dados. O objetivo foi versar como o blockchain aumenta a competitividade no comércio exterior. Justifica-se o uso do blockchain pelas suas vantagens em proporcionar transações seguras, rápidas e transparentes. A pesquisa aplicou métodos exploratórios e descritivos, com análise qualitativa de fontes secundárias. Conclui-se que a adoção de blockchain, ao lado de outras inovações tecnológicas, pode tornar as exportações brasileiras mais competitivas. A incorporação dessas tecnologias no comércio exterior é uma estratégia promissora para empresas que almejam se destacar em um mercado globalizado, ágil e competitivo.
AUKUS-RI: The Answer for Indonesia’s Future Maritime Challenges Over the North Natuna Sea?
Authors: Silaen Christo Ariel Mario , Nurjanah Ita
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study explores Indonesia's maritime security challenges in the North Natuna Sea (NNS) amid rising tensions in the South China Sea, driven by major power rivalries, particularly China's assertiveness and the implications of the AUKUS trilateral security pact.
Study Design/Methodology/Approach: The research employs a literature review and meta-analysis to synthesise existing studies on Indonesia’s defence policy and maritime strategy, offering a comprehensive examination of the nation’s strategic responses to external pressures.
Findings: The findings reveal that Indonesia faces critical challenges in safeguarding its sovereignty over its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) due to China’s aggressive territorial claims and military activities. Additionally, the emergence of AUKUS has encouraged Indonesia to reassess its security posture, indicating a potential pivot towards deeper defence cooperation with Western allies and modernising its military capabilities.
Originality/Value: This research contributes to the discourse on maritime security in Southeast Asia by addressing Indonesia's strategic options and examining the potential significance of an AUKUS-Republic of Indonesia partnership (AUKUSRI). It underscores the importance of adaptive measures to navigate an increasingly complex geopolitical landscape.
Does taxation of income in a rational tax system requirethe multiplication of laws?
Authors: Glumińska-Pawlic Jadwiga
Published: January 2025

The tax system should constitute a cohesive, uniform, logically internally ordered whole, and a rational legislatorshould create regulations that are clear and understandable to taxpayers. Meanwhile, in Poland, in the field ofincome taxation, there are many acts whose subject is the taxation of income (revenue) earned both by naturalpersons who do not conduct business activity and conduct such activity. In addition, separate acts establish therules for taxation of income of legal persons, but also of other entities – regardless of the organizational and legalform – taking as a criterion not the source of income, but the subject of the taxpayer’s activity. In this situation,the postulate that has been put forward for many years to adopt two laws is valid – one clear and understandablefor natural persons who do not conduct business activity and the other for all entities that conduct such activity
VALIDATION OF SIMPLE ISOCRATIC HPLC ASSAY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CHLORTETRACYCLINE CONCENTRATION IN PLASMA OF CHICKEN
Authors: M. Nivetha  , S. Ramesh  , L. Kalaiselvi  , R. Gokul  , T. Ramasamy
Published: January 2025

Chlortetracycline (CTC) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline group of drugs. It is commonly used in the poultry industry for the treatment of bacterial infections and is also used as a growth promoter. This study was aimed at validating the sensitive HPLC method for the assay of CTC in chicken plasma. The method consisted of isocratic elution with separation using a C]8 column. The mobile phase used in the study was aqueous oxalic acid (0.03M), acetonitrile and methanol in the ratio of 60:30:10. The HPLC conditions included a flow rate of Iml/min with UVdetection at 375nm. CTC in chicken plasma was extracted with Mcllvaine buffer followed by dilution with water in the ratio of 1:1 andfiltered using 0.22p filters. The peak of chlortetracycline was noticed at 5-6 minis. The method was linear from 0.05mg/ml to 10mg/ml. The recovery percentage from plasma was recorded as 110%. Thus, from this study it is inferred that this method is optimal for the assay of CTC in plasma for pharmacokinetic studies.
CONCURRENT INFECTION OF MONIEZIA EXPANSA AND HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS IN GOATS AND ITS THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
Authors: G. Manojkumar  , S. Yogeshpriya  , A. Latchumikanthan  , N. Premalatha  , R. Velusamy
Published: January 2025

Goats are highly susceptible to endoparasitic infections due to free grazing habits. The present study was reported for concurrent infection ofMoniezia expansa and Haemonchus contortus in two goats from a flock of 40 goats in Orathanadu, Thanjavur. History included anorexia, foetid diarrhoea and jowl edema in goats. On clinical examination, pyrexia, pale conjunctival mucous membrane, pasty diarrhoeic faeces, bottle jaw and abdominal thudding were noticed. Coproscopy revealed Moniezia expansa eggs and strongyle eggs and faecal culture revealed Haemonchus contortus larvae. Uneventful recovery was noticed in goats after treating with praziquantel and fenbendazole for 3 days with supportive therapy.
EFFECT OF STREPTOZOTOCIN AND POLYHERBAL EXTRACT ON BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN WISTAR RATS
Authors: Saniya Begum  , J. Selvaraj  , V. Ranganathan  , N. Babu Prasath
Published: January 2025

Gymnema sylvestre, Annona muricata and Ocimum sanctum are well known plants available in India and they are commonly used for the treatment of various diseases including diabetes mellitus. A study was conducted to assess the hypoglycemic effect of a polyherbal extract containing these plants (at two different doses of300 and 600 mg/kg bwt) compared with metformin as a standard hypoglycemic drug at a dose of 100 mg/kg bwt in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. As a part of the study, the effect of the polyherbal extract on the renal and hepatic functions was tested in rats. The serum parameters both ALT and AST values in rats were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in diabetic rats treated with polyherbal extract at 300 mg/kg bwt when compared to Groups I, II and III. BUN values were significantly higher in diabetic and metformin treated groups. Creatinine did not differ significantly among different groups. In conclusion, in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats, the polyherbal extract at 300 and 600 mg/kg bwt had no hepatoprotective action. But the same doses had some renal protective function.
PENGARUH JENIS WELDING GROOVE TERHADAP KEKUATAN IMPACT PLAT BAJA ASTM A36 MENGGUNAKAN MESIN LAS SMAW
Authors: Ariyanto Ariyanto  , Tati Noviati
Published: January 2025

Currently, metal joining with welding process is increasingly used, both in building construction, piping, and machine construction. This is due to the many advantages obtained from joining by welding. The use of the right welding groove will also affect the welding results. The purpose of using welding groove is for the place to fill the welding material and can also strengthen the design of the metal joint. Welding groove plays an important role in improving the design and properties of the joint in the welding process. ASTM A36 welding using SMAW welding current 110 A is carried out with Groove variations, namely VGroove, Square Groove, and Bevel Groove and using E6013 electrodes with a diameter of 2.6 mm. The purpose of this study was to determine the strength of SMAW welding joints on ASTM A36 against the Charphy impact test. the required impact charphy effort results (W) are on V Groove of 73.519 J, Square Groove of 67.43 J, and Bevel Groove of 70.485 J. And produces an impact charphy value (K) on V Groove of 0.918 J / ????????2, on Square Groove of 0.842 J / ????????2 and on Bevel Groove of 0.881 J / ????????2. The impact charphy value on V Groove with SMAW welding current of 110 A on ASTM A36 carbon steel is the best with the required impact charphy results (W) namely on V Groove of 73.519 J and the impact charphy value (K) on V Groove of 0.918 J / ????????2.
ROADMAP TO IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATION IN THE BRAZILIAN CIVIL CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Authors: Pires Vinícius Rodrigues Silva , Simôes Eliane Antonio , Cirani Claudia Brito Silva , Ribeiro Rosinei Batista
Published: January 2025

This study aims to develop a roadmap to be used by a small enterprise that operates in the civil construction sector for the implementation and management of innovation. Bibliometrics were used for the construction of the theoretical framework. The Design Science Research was used to create the proposed artifact and a single case study was used for roadmap validation, indicating practical propositions for companies of the same sector and size as well as theoretical suggestions for future studies. The proposed roadmap was developed from the analysis of the theoretical foundation, mainly in studies that defined similar artifacts. The application of this roadmap in a case study allowed verifying its potential for implementation and management of innovations in the enterprise studied. The roadmapping process generated a roadmap with organized and clear information for customers, suppliers, and employees of the enterprise. It also assisted in the research and selection of innovations to be implemented. Participants showed integration with the proposal and with the process and this integration remained even after the conclusion of the study. The proposed roadmap facilitated the implementation and management of innovations in terms of products, processes, organization, and marketing.
Evaluation of the Level of User Satisfaction of the I-Con Application (Aam Interactive Collection) Using the Pieces Method at PT Anugrah Argon Medica, Medan Branch
Authors: Retno Kiswati Endratri , Br. Purba Rahima , Maisyarah Renny
Published: January 2025

The effectiveness of an accounting information system in a company depends significantly on human resource factors, particularly the user's ability to apply and understand the system. This study evaluates the I-CON application at PT Anugrah Argon Medica, Medan Branch, using the PIECES framework, which includes Performance, Information, Economic aspects, Control and Security, Efficiency, and Service quality. A quantitative approach was employed, gathering data through questionnaires distributed to 42 employees, with a census sampling technique applied. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistical methods, classical assumption tests, and hypothesis testing with SPSS. The findings revealed that not all factors significantly influenced user satisfaction. Performance (X1) showed no significant effect, highlighting the need for hardware and software upgrades to enhance system stability and speed. Conversely, Information (X2), Economic aspects (X3), Control (X4), Efficiency (X5), and Services (X6) positively impacted user satisfaction, emphasizing the importance of data accuracy, cost-effectiveness, security, operational efficiency, and responsive support services in improving user experience. These results suggest that companies must focus on these critical dimensions to enhance the effectiveness and user satisfaction of the I-CON application
The Influence of Promotion and Service Quality on BPJS Patient Satisfaction at Clinic "X"
Authors: Putri Aulia , Nur Manah Siti , Supriyadi Supriyadi , Zaharuddin Zaharuddin
Published: January 2025

First-Level Health Facilities (Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama/FKTP) play a critical role in delivering healthcare services to participants of the National Health Insurance (BPJS) program in Indonesia. Every BPJS participant has the right to select an FKTP that collaborates with BPJS Health based on their preference. Therefore, FKTPs, including clinics partnering with BPJS Health, must actively promote their services and continuously enhance the quality of care to improve patient satisfaction and attract more BPJS participants. This study employs a quantitative, causal approach to examine the influence of promotion and service quality on BPJS patient satisfaction. Using a cross-sectional design and random sampling technique, data were collected through questionnaires from 63 BPJS patients at clinic "X." The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression, resulting in the regression equation Y = 1.245 + 0.077 X1 + 0.844 X2. The findings indicate that promotion and service quality significantly influence BPJS patient satisfaction, both individually and jointly, at clinic "X." These results highlight the importance of strategic promotion and continuous quality improvement by FKTPs to ensure optimal healthcare delivery and patient satisfaction among BPJS participants.
XÂY DỰNG ĐỐI CHỨNG CHUẨN CHO KỸ THUẬT MULTIPLEX qPCR XÁC ĐỊNH BACTEROIDES FRAGILIS, FUSOBACTERIUM NUCLEATUM, AKKERMANSIA MUCINIPHILA VÀ ESCHERICHIA COLI Ở BỆNH NHÂN UNG THƯ ĐẠI TRỰC TRÀNG
Authors: Vũ Sơn Giang , Nguyễn Thị Thân , Nguyễn Lĩnh Toàn , Hồ Văn Sơn
Published: January 2025

Mục tiêu: Xây dựng được đối chứng dương giúp phát hiện đồng thời Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Akkermansia muciniphila (Am), Escherichia coli (E.coli) với độ đặc hiệu và độ nhạy cao trong khối u sinh thiết từ bệnh nhân (BN) ung thư đại trực tràng (UTĐTT). Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Sử dụng phương pháp qPCR đa mồi, thiết kế các cặp mồi đặc hiệu với các gen của ETBF, Fn, Am, E.coli, xây dựng mẫu chuẩn và tối ưu điều kiện qPCR đa mồi. Kết quả: Tạo ra 4 plasmid tái tổ hợp cho các chủng vi khuẩn. Ngưỡng phát hiện của kỹ thuật đạt đến 10 bản sao vi khuẩn trên một phản ứng, với hệ số tương quan R2 > 0,99; hiệu suất phản ứng > 94% và có thể sử dụng làm đối chứng chuẩn để phân tích trên mẫu bệnh phẩm. Đồng thời, qua khảo sát trên 100 mẫu UTĐTT nhận thấy tỷ lệ nhiễm vi khuẩn ETBF, Fn, Am, E.coli lần lượt là 61%, 60%, 44% và 39%. Kết luận: Bước đầu cho thấy những thay đổi của hệ vi sinh vật có tiềm năng trở thành dấu ấn sinh học để phát hiện sớm UTĐTT.
ĐÁNH GIÁ THỰC TRẠNG KIẾN THỨC ĐÁP ỨNG Y TẾ VỚI THẢM HỌA CỦA THÀNH VIÊN CÁC PHÂN ĐỘI QUÂN Y TUYẾN TRUNG ĐOÀN, SƯ ĐOÀN VÀ BỆNH VIỆN
Authors: Lương Trung Hiếu , Nguyễn Như Lâm , Hoàng Hải , Nguyễn Tiến Dũng , Trần Đình Hùng , Ngô Minh Đức , Nguyễn Đại , Nguyễn Thành Chung , Lê Quang Thảo , Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Minh
Published: January 2025

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kiến thức về đáp ứng y tế trong thảm họa của thành viên các phân đội quân y. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Khảo sát 333 thành viên của 45 phân đội quân y thuộc các trung đoàn, sư đoàn bộ binh đủ quân và 9 bệnh viện quân y tuyến chiến dịch, chiến lược thông qua trả lời bộ câu hỏi trắc nghiệm về thảm họa, đáp ứng y tế trong thảm họa. Kết quả: Điểm kiến thức của thành viên các phân đội quân y về đáp ứng y tế với thảm họa đạt ở mức trung bình (60,74 ± 12,78%). Một số nội dung có điểm kiến thức ở mức thấp bao gồm phương châm 4 tại chỗ (36,34%), vai trò của chỉ huy y tế tại hiện trường (32,73%), nội dung đánh giá nhanh nhu cầu y tế (24,62%), nhiệm vụ phân loại (16,22%), nguyên tắc vận chuyển nạn nhân (25,83%). Điểm kiến thức cao hơn có ý nghĩa thống kê (p < 0,01) ở nhóm thành viên là nam giới, tuổi trẻ, bác sỹ và đã được tập huấn ứng phó thảm họa. Kết luận: Kiến thức của thành viên các phân đội quân y về đáp ứng y tế trong thảm họa ở mức trung bình, cần có biện pháp tăng cường đào tạo, tập huấn về y học thảm họa.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG CỦA TRẺ NGỪNG TIM NHẬP KHOA CẤP CỨU CHỐNG ĐỘC VÀ TRUNG TÂM SƠ SINH, BỆNH VIỆN NHI TRUNG ƯƠNG
Authors: Lê Ngọc Duy , Đặng Thị Thuý Nga , Trịnh Tuấn Anh , Cấn Văn Quỳnh , Lê Thị Hà , Lê Thị Thuý Hằng
Published: January 2025

Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm lâm sàng và cận lâm sàng ở trẻ em bị ngừng tim (NT) nhằm cải thiện hiệu quả cấp cứu NT. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả, kết hợp hồi cứu từ tháng 01/2019 - 9/2020 và tiến cứu từ tháng 10/2020 - 6/2021 trên 203 bệnh nhân (BN) NT tại Khoa Cấp cứu Chống độc và Trung tâm Sơ sinh, Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương. Kết quả: 203 BN gồm 112 trẻ trai (55,2%) và 91 trẻ gái (44,8%). Trong nhóm trẻ NT, lứa tuổi sơ sinh chiếm tỷ lệ cao (53,7%) và giảm dần ở các nhóm tuổi lớn hơn. BN vào viện trong tình trạng suy hô hấp nặng là 95,1%, tình trạng suy tuần hoàn là 76,8% và chỉ có 26,1% được hỗ trợ vận mạch và/hoặc bolus dịch. Có 87,7% BN bị rối loạn ý thức. trong đó 48,8% hôn mê và 38,9% li bì. Tình trạng toan chuyển hóa nặng chiếm 46,8%, tăng lactate máu ≥ 6,5 mmol/L chiếm 56,7%. Tỷ lệ tử vong và xin về lại chiếm 78,8%, chỉ có 21,2% sống sót, trong đó 4,4% có di chứng về thần kinh. Kết luận: Trẻ em bị NT, đặc biệt là trẻ sơ sinh, thường nhập viện trong tình trạng nguy kịch với tỷ lệ tử vong cao.
Innovación en la gestión educativa: Revisión sistemática
Authors: Intriago Cedeño Alejandra Rosalia , Álava Montesdeoca Leida Yanet , López Vera Yira Eliana
Published: January 2025

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar la innovación en la gestión educativa a través de un mapeo de revisión sistemática para conocer las tendencias actuales, los enfoques más efectivos y los desafíos asociados a su implementación. Se utilizó un diseño cualitativo de tipo descriptivo, no experimental y analítico, siguiendo el método PRISMA, lo que resultó en la identificación de 20 unidades de análisis. Los resultados de la revisión sistemática indican que las investigaciones fueron publicadas en revistas especializadas en gestión, tecnología y educación. Además, mostraron que la innovación en la gestión educativa se percibe como un factor epistemológico, pedagógico y didáctico que impulsa cambios significativos en el proceso educativo. En conclusión, la revisión literaria evidencia una interconexión profunda entre la introducción de nuevas ideas, contenidos y procedimientos, y una transformación integral de las prácticas educativas existentes. Esto subraya la importancia de superar los desafíos para implementar la innovación, ya que es fundamental para transformar el sistema educativo y garantizar una educación de calidad que responda a las necesidades cambiantes de la sociedad.
A comprehensive review on host plant resistance of wonder crop, soybean (Glycine max) against whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)
Authors: PRIYANSHU PAWAR  , ARCHANA ANOKHE  , ABHISHEK SHUKLA  , P DURAIMURUGAN  , POOJA KUMARI  , JARPLA MOUNIKA
Published: January 2025

Whiteflies are significant pests that adversely affect soybean yield qualitatively and quantitatively. Understanding the host plant resistance traits of soybean against whiteflies is crucial for developing resistant cultivars for sustainable management of whitefly. This review provides an overview of the defensive proteins, secondary metabolites, signalling molecules, and antioxidant systems involved in soybean's resistance mechanisms. Additionally, it discusses the genetic and molecular basis of resistance, breeding strategies, and the influence of environmental and agronomic factors.
Impact of microwave radiation on sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seed germination and seedling growth: Mechanisms, benefits and challenges
Authors: RAMA GOVINDA REDDY  , GANDHI N  , JOSEPH  , SUMER SINGH
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the germination and growth performance of sunflower seedlings under various microwave irradiation treatments over a 14-dayperiod. The treatments included T1:dry sunflower seeds irradiated with 100 MHz microwave intensity for 5 minutes; T2: dry seeds irradiated with 300 MHz; T3: dry seeds irradiated with 500 MHz; T4: 24 hours pre-soaked seeds irradiated with 100 MHz; T5: 24 hours pre-soaked seeds irradiated with 300 MHz; and T6: 24 hours pre-soaked seeds irradiated with 500 MHz. Germination analysis revealed that on day 4, T4 exhibited the highest germination percentage (35.79%), followed by T5 (43.20%) and T6 (38.88%). By day 10, T5 peaked at 83.94%, significantly outperforming the control group (33.33%). The germination index reached its zenith in T5 (92.59%) by day 12, while the control remained at 40.74%. Mean germination time was longest in T4 (14.00 days) by day 14, and the mean germination rate showed a decline in the control group from 1.23 to 0.07. In the growth analysis, relative growth rates (RGR) steadily increased, with T5 achieving the highest value (0.128) at 75 days. The net assimilation rate (NAR) was initially negative but became positive by day 45, peaking in T4 (0.110). Leaf area ratio (LAR) growth was significant in T5 (0.622) at 75 days, while specific leaf area (SLA) notably increased in all treatments, especially T5 (1.519). The seedling vigor index was highest in T5 (4942.855) at 30 days, compared to the control (722.752). These findings suggest that the combination of 24-hour pre-soaking and 300 MHz microwave irradiation significantly enhances germination, growth, and overall seedling vigor, highlighting its potential for agricultural applications under the studied conditions.
Effect of biopriming and integrated management on the incidence of major diseases of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Authors: A SANGEETHA  , K SUBRAHMANIYAN  , A MAHALINGAM  , G GAYATHRY  , D JANAKI
Published: January 2025

Field trials were conducted to evaluate the impact of biopriming and integrated disease management (IDM) on disease incidence in sesame during two consecutive kharif seasons of 2020 and 2021 at Regional Research Station, Vridhachalam, Tamil Nadu. The treatments consisted of three modules, viz., Bio-intensive module (M1): Seed treatment with Trichoderma asperellum @ 10 g/kg + furrow application of enriched Trichoderma (2.5 kg Trichoderma asperellum + 100 kg vermicompost) @ 250 kg/ha + spray of Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/l at 30-35 DAS and wettable sulphur @ 2 g/l at 50-60 DAS; Chemical module (M2):Seed treatment with carbendazim @ 2 g/l + spray of combi-product (Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25%) @ 0.5 g/l at 30-35 DAS and second spray @ 2 g/l at 50-60 DAS; Adaptive module (M3): Seed treatment with Trichoderma asperellum @ 10 g/kg + furrow application of enriched Trichoderma (2.5 kg Trichoderma asperellum + 100 kg vermicompost) @ 250 kg/ha + spray of combi-product (Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxysrobin 25%) @ 0.5 g/l at 30-35 DAS and second spray at 50-60 DAS and Control (M4): Untreated check. The results revealed that the adaptive module, M3, was highly effective and recorded significantlythe lowest disease incidence ofroot rot (20.7%),severityof Alternaria (11.6%), phyllody (21.9 PDI) and powdery mildew (18.2 %) with highest seed yield of 632 kg/ha and highest benefit:cost ratio of 2:62. This module can be used for the effective management of major diseases in sesame.
Genocide and deprivation: Healthcare, utilities, and economic strain for displaced University College of Applied Sciences staff post-october 7
Authors: Barakat Abeer , El Mashharawi Aya KH , Supartono Basuki
Published: January 2025

The October 7, 2023, Gaza genocide has caused a severe humanitarian crisis, disrupting healthcare, essential services, and economic stability for academic and administrative staff at the University College of Applied Sciences (UCAS). A quantitative survey was conducted involving 192 displaced UCAS staff to assess the impact of displacement, revealing significant hardships: 58% lack adequate healthcare access and face critical medication shortages due to Gaza’s damaged healthcare infrastructure. Utility disruptions are widespread, with 59% struggling to secure clean water and 55% facing inconsistent or no electricity, hampering their ability to work remotely. Additionally, 82% serve as primary family providers, yet 42% report a total loss of income. The collapse of income sources and lack of external job opportunities have intensified the financial strain on UCAS staff, threatening their professional and personal responsibilities. These findings underscore the urgent need for international intervention to restore Gaza's healthcare, utilities, and financial stability. Humanitarian efforts are crucial to support Gaza’s educational institutions and strengthen the resilience of displaced educators during this ongoing conflict.