bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Muslim teachers’ conceptions of evolution in several countries
Authors: Clément Pierre
Published: August 2013

Using a questionnaire validated by the project Biohead-Citizen, where 15 questions are dedicated to evolution, we analyse Muslim teachers’ conceptions of evolution in several countries. The first part compares nine francophone countries, with varying degrees of Muslim or Christian culture: France, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Lebanon, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Cameroon and Gabon, and shows a strong contrast between France and the eight other countries. The second part compares Muslim and Christian teachers in the countries where the comparison is possible, finding no difference, or a few differences in Lebanon. The third part analyses the data related to the 2130 Muslim teachers sampled to identify the controlled parameters that can be correlated to their variations. The discussion is structured by three questions: Are Muslim countries, and Muslim teachers, more creationist than other ones? Is the teachers’ knowledge related to their more or less creationist conceptions? Are Muslim teachers more creationist in European countries?
Simultaneous detection of Chlamydia spp., Coxiella burnetii, and Neospora caninum in abortion material of ruminants by multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Reisberg Kerstin , Selim Abdelfattah M. , Gaede Wolfgang
Published: August 2013

Chlamydia spp., Coxiella burnetii, and Neospora caninum are responsible for reproductive diseases and are closely linked with high abortion rates in ruminants. Furthermore, C. burnetii and Chlamydia spp. have zoonotic potential. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of Chlamydia spp., C. burnetii, and N. caninum. The detection of beta-actin as internal control in the same PCR reaction provides additional information about sample quality by detecting the presence of PCR inhibitors. The multiplex real-time PCR developed in the current study shows a greater sensitivity compared to previously used single-target PCR reactions with a reproducible detection limit of 0.13 plasmid copies per PCR for each target. Additional parallel amplification of all detectable pathogens did not adversely impact sensitivity. This new multiplex PCR allows the highly sensitive, cost-effective, and rapid detection of 3 important pathogens and has the potential to be a useful time-saving tool in the routine diagnosis of abortion cases in ruminants.
Do Men and Women Perceive White-Collar and Street Crime Differently? Exploring Gender Differences in the Perception of Seriousness, Motives, and Punishment
Authors: Dodge Mary , Bosick Stacey J. , Antwerp Victoria Van
Published: August 2013

Public perceptions of white-collar crime have shifted from indifference to awareness based on recent, highly publicized corporate collapses and Ponzi schemes. This research explores perceptions of white-collar crime with a focus on gender. Participants ( N = 900) read one of six crime scenarios involving either a white-collar crime (Ponzi scheme, embezzlement, corporate crime) or a street crime (auto theft, burglary, prostitution) committed by a male or female offender. Respondents then rated the behavior on seriousness, harshness of punishment, and offender motivation (i.e., greed and stress). Overall, the results support previously observed patterns showing that citizens see white-collar crime as a serious societal problem. Ponzi schemes are seen as more serious than the three street crimes. The findings also show differences between male and female respondents on the issues of offense seriousness, punishment, and offender motivation, but attitudes toward offenders’ gender are more ambiguous.
Relationship Between Red Cell Distribution Width and the GRACE Risk Score With In-Hospital Death in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Polat Nihat , Yildiz Abdulkadir , Oylumlu Mustafa , Kaya Hasan , Acet Halit , Akil Mehmet Ata , Yuksel Murat , Bilik Mehmet Zihni , Aydin Mesut , Ulgen Mehmet Siddik
Published: August 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between red cell distribution width (RDW) and Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). We retrospectively enrolled 193 patients with UAP/NSTEMI (mean age 63.6 ± 12.6 years; men 57%) in this study. Higher RDW values were associated with increased in-hospital mortality (P = .001). There is a significant correlation between RDW and GRACE score ( P < .001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, RDW was found to be an independent predictor of high GRACE score (odds ratio: 1.513, 95% confidence interval: 1.116-2.051, P = .008). A cutoff value of >15.74 for RDW predicted high GRACE score, with a 64% sensitivity and 65% specificity. Our study results demonstrated that high RDW was an independent predictor of high GRACE score, and it is associated with in-hospital mortality in UAP/NSTEMI.
Toward a choreography of congregating: A practice-based perspective on organizational absorptive capacity in a semiconductor industry consortium
Authors: Müller-Seitz Gordon , Güttel Wolfgang
Published: August 2013

Previous studies on absorptive capacity focus either upon dyadic interorganizational constellations or upon an organization’s environment in general, thus neglecting other managerially relevant interorganizational constellations. Furthermore, despite significant advancements in our understanding, we still know little about the way absorptive capacity actually unfolds on an organizational level, as many studies predominantly take absorptive capacity as a quantitatively measurable phenomenon. We address these two shortcomings by following recent calls for a practice perspective on absorptive capacity. In particular, we reveal the choreography of knowledge absorption practices in an interorganizational network. Based on an empirical study in the semiconductor industry, we put forward the thesis that this can be achieved by congregating, that is, repeatedly exchanging face-to-face ideas at network-wide venues such as conferences or workshops. We illustrate how a lead firm in this industry carefully choreographs congregating, which helps the organization acquire knowledge from network partners and utilize the knowledge internally. Herein, we contribute a practice perspective on how to influence organizational absorptive capacity when engaging with an interorganizational network as a distinctive organizational form. A practice lens also entails being sensitive to the political dimension of absorptive capacity. Moreover, choreographies of bundles of absorptive capacity-relevant practices represent a concept to inform future research.
Strain-rate effects on the plastic indentation and abrasion of elastohydrodynamic contacts by debris particles
Authors: Nikas George K
Published: August 2013

A numerical model of plastic indentation and abrasion of elastohydrodynamic contacts by debris particles previously developed by the author is extended to include the dependence of material flow stress on strain rate. Using the Johnson–Cook viscoplasticity model, the flow stress of all materials involved in the indentation process is expressed as a function of plastic strain, strain rate and temperature. This complements other elements of the model, including strain-gradient plasticity, work-hardening, frictional heating from particle extrusion, thermal softening, melting and material loss due to adhesion. Following a laborious programme of experimental validation and numerical comparisons, the predictions of the model are shown to be in excellent agreement with the experimental results on soft and hard particles in rolling and rolling–sliding elastohydrodynamic contacts. The incorporation of strain-rate effects further improved the agreement between theoretical and experimental results previously established with simpler versions of the model that ignored the strain-rate factor. Strain rate is also shown to affect several parameters in the process of surface damage, including the magnitude of contact stresses and flash temperatures, as well as the behaviour of a particle in a concentrated contact. It is also shown that for an optimum contact velocity linked to strain-rate effects and fluid film thickness in lubricated contacts, surface damage is minimised, particularly for large and hard particles.
Eight Years Experience in the Management of Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome by Decompression, Celiac Ganglion Sympathectomy, and Selective Revascularization
Authors: Sultan Sherif , Hynes Niamh , Elsafty Naisrin , Tawfick Wael
Published: August 2013

We aim to review an 8-year experience of median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) with chronic gastrointestinal ischemia (CGI) and evaluate clinical outcomes of arcuate ligament decompression, celiac sympathectomy, and selective revascularization. Between December 2002 and March 2012, of 25 patients referred with symptoms of CGI, 11 patients (10 women and 1 man) had clinical signs of abdominal angina and radiological evidence of MALS. Mean age was 50 ± 20.4 years. Median symptom duration was 34 months. All patients had median arcuate decompression and celiac sympathectomy. In all, 8 did not require revascularization, 2 had retrograde celiac and/or superior mesenteric artery (SMA) stenting, and 1 had SMA bypass. There was no mortality. The 30-day morbidity was 9%. Mean follow-up was 60 months. Eight patients noted complete relief of abdominal pain, and 1 reported some improvement. The MALS is not solely a vascular compression syndrome. The neurological component requires careful celiac plexus sympathectomy in addition to arcuate ligament decompression.
Surprise homecomings and vicarious sacrifices
Authors: Silvestri Lisa
Published: August 2013

The recent popularity of ‘surprise military homecomings’ on YouTube offers an opportunity to revisit debates about the role of online spectatorship in performances of citizenship, particularly during times of war. This article argues that these videos position spectatorship as a civic duty and allow for a mediated form of affective participation, which the author refers to as vicarious sacrifice.
Reading anonymity: Narrative difference and framework selection in the claiming of terrorist violence
Authors: Davis Victoria
Published: August 2013

Despite the supposed importance of media coverage in achieving terrorist objectives, data indicate that terrorist groups increasingly commit unclaimed acts of violence. This article hopes to draw connections between the constitutive role of the press in framing attack narratives and the counterintuitive tendency for terrorists to refrain from claiming responsibility for violence. Using a comparative approach to assess representations from 13 newspapers and wire services, this article examines the presumption of difference and causal linkage between the claimed/unclaimed status of al Qaeda/al Qaeda affiliate attacks and the transmission of salient narrative elements to the target audience. Findings suggest variation in the narrative framework of both attack styles and identify this disparity as a potential factor influencing terrorists’ declining tendency to claim credit for violence.
An exploration of NHS staff views on tuberculosis service delivery in Scottish NHS boards
Authors: Mtui Leah , Spence William
Published: August 2013

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial disease and major worldwide killer with an increased UK incidence rate. This study aimed to explore the views of National Health Service (NHS) staff on TB service delivery models of care in NHS boards across Scotland. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 nurse specialists and five consultants in public health medicine (CPHM) across five Scottish NHS boards. Five main themes emerged and findings showed that: directly observed treatment (DOT) was provided only to patients assessed to be at high risk of poor treatment adherence; contact tracing was conducted by participating NHS boards but screening at ports was thought to be weak; all NHS boards implemented TB awareness campaigns for TB health professionals; three NHS boards conducted team meetings that monitored TB patient progress; participants believed that TB funding should be increased; contact tracing was routinely conducted by TB nurses. Improved TB screening at airports was recommended and a need for TB health education for high risk groups was identified.
Evaluation of Rex Shunts
Authors: Parenti Crystal
Published: August 2013

The purpose of the Rex shunt is to restore normal blood flow to a hemodynamically compromised liver that is otherwise normal. It has proven to be an effective treatment for children with extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis as in the case presented. The shunt allows blood from the superior mesenteric vein to bypass the obstructed extrahepatic portal vein and enter the liver through the still patent left portal vein. The operation is successful in more than 90% of patients. The name “Rex shunt” is derived from the location in the liver in which the shunt is placed, the area between segments three and four of the left lobe of the liver.
A damped algorithm for the split feasibility and fixed point problems
Authors: Li Cun-lin , Liou Yeong-Cheng , Yao Yonghong
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this paper is to study the split feasibility problem and the fixed point problem. We suggest a damped algorithm. Convergence theorem is proven.

MSC:47J25, 47H09, 65J15, 90C25.
Comparative genomic and transcriptome analyses of pathotypes of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri provide insights into mechanisms of bacterial virulence and host range
Authors: Jalan Neha , Kumar Dibyendu , Andrade Maxuel O , Yu Fahong , Jones Jeffrey B , Graham James H , White Frank F , Setubal João C , Wang Nian
Published: August 2013

Background

Citrus bacterial canker is a disease that has severe economic impact on citrus industries worldwide and is caused by a few species and pathotypes ofXanthomonas. X. citrisubsp.citristrain 306 (XccA306) is a type A (Asiatic) strain with a wide host range, whereas its variantX. citrisubsp.citristrain Aw12879 (Xcaw12879, Wellington strain) is restricted to Mexican lime.

Results

To characterize the mechanism for the differences in host range of XccA and Xcaw, the genome of Xcaw12879 that was completed recently was compared with XccA306 genome. EffectorsxopAFandavrGf1are present in Xcaw12879, but were absent in XccA306. AvrGf1 was shown previously for Xcaw to cause hypersensitive response in Duncan grapefruit. Mutation analysis ofxopAFindicates that the gene contributes to Xcaw growth in Mexican lime but does not contribute to the limited host range of Xcaw. RNA-Seq analysis was conducted to compare the expression profiles of Xcaw12879 and XccA306 in Nutrient Broth (NB) medium and XVM2 medium, which induces hrp gene expression. Two hundred ninety two and 281 genes showed differential expression in XVM2 compared to in NB for XccA306 and Xcaw12879, respectively. Twenty-five type 3 secretion system genes were up-regulated in XVM2 for both XccA and Xcaw. Among the 4,370 common genes of Xcaw12879 compared to XccA306, 603 genes in NB and 450 genes in XVM2 conditions were differentially regulated. Xcaw12879 showed higher protease activity than XccA306 whereas Xcaw12879 showed lower pectate lyase activity in comparison to XccA306.

Conclusions

Comparative genomic analysis of XccA306 and Xcaw12879 identified strain specific genes. Our study indicated that AvrGf1 contributes to the host range limitation of Xcaw12879 whereas XopAF contributes to virulence. Transcriptome analyses of XccA306 and Xcaw12879 presented insights into the expression of the two closely related strains ofX. citrisubsp. citri. Virulence genes including genes encoding T3SS components and effectors are induced in XVM2 medium. Numerous genes with differential expression in Xcaw12879 and XccA306 were identified. This study provided the foundation to further characterize the mechanisms for virulence and host range of pathotypes ofX. citrisubsp. citri.
Pancreaticoduodenectomy versus local resection in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the duodenum
Authors: Zhou Bo , Zhang Min , Wu Jian , Yan Sheng , Zhou Jie , Zheng Shusen
Published: August 2013

Background

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms. However, duodenal GISTs compromise a small and rare subset and few studies have focused on them. We evaluated the surgical management of patients with duodenal GISTs treated by pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) versus local resection (LR) in our institution and analyzed the postoperative outcomes.

Methods

This was a retrospective review of patients with duodenal GISTs managed in our institution from January 2006 to January 2012. Clinicopathologic findings and disease-free survival (DFS) of duodenal GIST patients were analyzed.

Results

A total of 48 patients were selected. The most common presentation was bleeding (60.4%), and the second portion of the duodenum (35.4%) was the most common dominant site. Of the patients, 34 (70.8%) underwent LR while 14 (29.2%) underwent PD. The surgical margins for all studied patients were free. Patients who ultimately underwent PD were more likely to present with a larger tumor (median size: PD, 6.3 cm vs LR, 4.0 cm; P = 0.02) and more commonly presented with a tumor in the second portion of the duodenum (second portion: PD, 64.3% vs LR, 23.5%; P = 0.007). The tumors treated by PD had a higher grade of risk compared with LR as defined by National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria (P = 0.019). PD was significantly associated with a longer operation time and a longer hospital stay compared to LR (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). In our study, the median follow-up period was 36 months (range: 0 to 81 months). The 1- and 3-year DFS was 100% and 88%, respectively. From multivariable analysis, the only significant factor associated with a worse DFS was an NIH high risk classification (hazard ratio = 4.24).

Conclusions

The recurrence of duodenal GIST was correlated to tumor biology rather than type of operation. PD was associated with a longer hospital stay and longer operation time. Therefore, LR with clear surgical margins should be considered a reliable and curative option for duodenal GIST and PD should be reserved for lesions not amenable to LR.
Duck Tembusu virus exhibits neurovirulence in BALB/c mice
Authors: Li Shuang , Li Xiaoxia , Zhang Lijiao , Wang Yongyue , Yu Xiuling , Tian Kegong , Su Wenliang , Han Bo , Su Jingliang
Published: August 2013

Background

Duck Tembusu virus is a member of the Ntaya group in the genus Flavivirus. The virus has been responsible for severe duck egg-drop syndrome in China since 2010. Its emergence and rapid spread have caused great economic loss for the poultry industry. The epidemiology of the virus infection and the potential threat to public health is of great concern because of the infective and zoonotic nature of flaviviruses.

Results

In this study, the pathogenicity of duck Tembusu virus in BALB/c mice was investigated. Infected mice developed clinical signs, including loss of appetite, ruffled hair, weight loss, disorientation, blindness and paralysis of hind limbs from six days post- infection following intracerebral inoculation. Morbidity was 100%, with mortality ranging from 20 to 80% in three- to eight-week-old mice. High virus titers were recovered from the brain, and the virus was distributed in several organs. Histologically, there was widespread non-suppurative encephalitis in the brain. Lymphocyte depletion in the spleen was observed, along with fatty degeneration in the liver and kidney.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that duck Tembusu virus is highly neurovirulent in BALB/c mice. The mouse model used in this work was able to produce Tembusu virus infection and could be useful for elucidating some of the aspects of the pathophysiology of other flavivirus infections.
LKB1 is a central regulator of tumor initiation and pro-growth metabolism in ErbB2-mediated breast cancer
Authors: Dupuy Fanny , Griss Takla , Blagih Julianna , Bridon Gäelle , Avizonis Daina , Ling Chen , Dong Zhifeng , Siwak Doris R , Annis Matthew G , Mills Gordon B , Muller William J , Siegel Peter M , Jones Russell G
Published: August 2013

Background

Germline and somatic mutations in STK11, the gene encoding the serine/threonine kinase LKB1, are strongly associated with tumorigenesis. While loss of LKB1 expression has been linked to breast cancer, the mechanistic role of LKB1 in regulating breast cancer development, metastasis, and tumor metabolism has remained unclear.

Methods

We have generated and analyzed transgenic mice expressing ErbB2 in the mammary epithelium of LKB1 wild-type or LKB1-deficient mice. We have also utilized ErbB2-expressing breast cancer cells in which LKB1 levels have been reduced using shRNA approaches. These transgenic and xenograft models were characterized for the effects of LKB1 loss on tumor initiation, growth, metastasis and tumor cell metabolism.

Results

We demonstrate that loss of LKB1 promotes tumor initiation and induces a characteristic shift to aerobic glycolysis (‘Warburg effect’) in a model of ErbB2-mediated breast cancer. LKB1-deficient breast cancer cells display enhanced early tumor growth coupled with increased cell migratory and invasive properties in vitro. We show that ErbB2-positive tumors deficient for LKB1 display a pro-growth molecular and phenotypic signature characterized by elevated Akt/mTOR signaling, increased glycolytic metabolism, as well as increased bioenergetic markers both in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrate that mTOR contributes to the metabolic reprogramming of LKB1-deficient breast cancer, and is required to drive glycolytic metabolism in these tumors; however, LKB1-deficient breast cancer cells display reduced metabolic flexibility and increased apoptosis in response to metabolic perturbations.

Conclusions

Together, our data suggest that LKB1 functions as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. Loss of LKB1 collaborates with activated ErbB2 signaling to drive breast tumorigenesis and pro-growth metabolism in the resulting tumors.
Comparison of thermodilution measured extravascular lung water with chest radiographic assessment of pulmonary oedema in patients with acute lung injury
Authors: Brown Lisa M , Calfee Carolyn S , Howard James P , Craig Thelma R , Matthay Michael A , McAuley Daniel F
Published: August 2013

Background

Acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) are characterized by pulmonary oedema, measured as extravascular lung water (EVLW). The chest radiograph (CXR) can potentially estimate the quantity of lung oedema while the transpulmonary thermodilution method measures the amount of EVLW. This study was designed to determine whether EVLW as estimated by a CXR score predicts EVLW measured by the thermodilution method and whether changes in EVLW by either approach predict mortality in ALI/ARDS.

Methods

Clinical data were collected within 48 hours of ALI/ARDS diagnosis and daily up to 14 days on 59 patients with ALI/ARDS. Two clinicians scored each CXR for the degree of pulmonary oedema, using a validated method. EVLW indexed to body weight was measured using the single indicator transpulmonary thermodilution technique.

Results

The CXR score had a modest, positive correlation with the EVLWI measurements (r = 0.35, p < 0.001). There was a 1.6 ml/kg increase in EVLWI per 10-point increase in the CXR score (p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval 0.92-2.35). The sensitivity of a high CXR score for predicting a high EVLWI was 93%; similarly the negative predictive value was high at 94%; the specificity (51%) and positive predictive value (50%) were lower. The CXR scores did not predict mortality but the EVLW thermodilution did predict mortality.

Conclusion

EVLW measured by CXR was modestly correlated with thermodilution measured EVLW. Unlike CXR findings, transpulmonary thermodilution EVLWI measurements over time predicted mortality in patients with ALI/ARDS.
A Computational Study of Spike Time Reliability in Two Types of Threshold Dynamics
Authors: Yu Na , Li Yue-Xian , Kuske Rachel
Published: August 2013

Spike time reliability (STR) refers to the phenomenon in which repetitive applications of a frozen copy of one stochastic signal to a neuron trigger spikes with reliable timing while a constant signal fails to do so. Observed and explored in numerous experimental and theoretical studies, STR is a complex dynamic phenomenon depending on the nature of external inputs as well as intrinsic properties of a neuron. The neuron under consideration could be either quiescent or spontaneously spiking in the absence of the external stimulus. Focusing on the situation in which the unstimulated neuron is quiescent but close to a switching point to oscillations, we numerically analyze STR treating each spike occurrence as a time localized event in a model neuron. We study both the averaged properties as well as individual features of spike-evoking epochs (SEEs). The effects of interactions between spikes is minimized by selecting signals that generate spikes with relatively long interspike intervals (ISIs). Under these conditions, the frequency content of the input signal has little impact on STR. We study two distinct cases, Type I in which the f–I relation (f for frequency, I for applied current) is continuous and Type II where the f–I relation exhibits a jump. STR in the two types shows a number of similar features and differ in some others. SEEs that are capable of triggering spikes show great variety in amplitude and time profile. On average, reliable spike timing is associated with an accelerated increase in the “action” of the signal as a threshold for spike generation is approached. Here, “action” is defined as the average amount of current delivered during a fixed time interval. When individual SEEs are studied, however, their time profiles are found important for triggering more precisely timed spikes. The SEEs that have a more favorable time profile are capable of triggering spikes with higher precision even at lower action levels.
Vermicompost as soil supplement to enhance growth, yield and quality of Triticum aestivum L.: a field study
Authors: Joshi Rakesh , Vig Adarsh P , Singh Jaswinder
Published: August 2013

Background

Vermicompost (VC) made from cattle dung as raw material was used as soil supplement in the plots of size 4.5 x 4.5 m. Five treatments were givenviz.Soil (control), VC@5 t/ha, VC@10 t/ha, VC@20 t/ha and NPK (recommended by PAU, Ludhiana) in triplicates in a Randomized Block Design (RBD). A total of 50 plants were selected randomly for the assessment of growth and yield of wheatTriticum aestivumL..

Results

Most of the growth, yield and quality parameters were found to be maximum in NPK treatment. All the growth, yield and quality parameters in vermicompost treatments varied significantly from control though differences within various vermicompost treatments were not found to be significant.

Conclusion

It has been observed that there is no significant difference on applying higher doses of vermicompost and lowest dose (5 t/ha) is as effective as higher doses. So, vermicompost application is cost effective.
Double-antiangiogenic protein DAAP targeting vascular endothelial growth factor A and angiopoietins attenuates collagen-induced arthritis
Authors: Hah Young-Sool , Koh Young Jun , Lim Hye Song , Kim Hyun-Ok , Cheon Yun-Hong , Noh Hae Sook , Jang Kyu Yun , Lee Sang Yong , Lee Gyun Min , Koh Gou Young , Lee Sang-Il
Published: August 2013

Introduction

Angiogenesis plays a critical role in synovial inflammation and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and angiopoietins are two important mediators of synovial angiogenesis. We have previously developed a novel chimeric decoy receptor, namely, double-antiangiogenic protein (DAAP), which can both bind VEGF-A and angiopoietins and block their actions. This study was performed to evaluate the antiarthritic effect of DAAP and the combination effect with the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) inhibitor in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA).

Methods

Recombinant DAAP, VEGF-Trap, Tie2-Fc and dimeric Fc proteins were produced and purified from CHO cells in large-scale bioreactors. CIA was induced in DBA/1 mice with type II collagen. The preventive effect of DAAP was determined and compared with other decoy receptors such as VEGF-Trap or Tie2-Fc, which block VEGF-A or angiopoietins, respectively. The clinical, radiographic, pathologic and immunohistochemical analyses were performed in CIA mice. The levels of matrix metalloprotease 3 (MMP-3) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) mRNA levels were measured by polymerase chain reaction. Finally, we investigated the combination effects of DAAP with a low dose of TNF-α decoy receptor (etanercept 10 mg/kg).

Results

On the basis of clinical and radiographic evaluation, DAAP had a much greater inhibitory effect than VEGF-Trap or Tie2-Fc on arthritis severity and bone destruction. These inhibitory effects were accompanied by significantly diminishing pathologic abnormalities, CD31-positive vasculature and synovial infiltration by F4/80-positive macrophages. The levels of MMP-3, IL-1β and RANKL were much lower in the DAAP-injected group than those of the control. Furthermore, DAAP showed a therapeutic effect and a combination effect with etanercept when injected after arthritis onset in established CIA.

Conclusions

DAAP has not only potent prophylactic effects on both inflammation and bone destruction but also therapeutic effects, alone and in combination with a TNF-α inhibitor in CIA mice. These results suggest that DAAP could be used as an effective new therapeutic agent for RA.
Serological identification of fast progressors of structural damage with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Siebuhr Anne Sofie , Bay-Jensen Anne C , Leeming Diana J , Plat Adam , Byrjalsen Inger , Christiansen Claus , van de Heijde Désirée , Karsdal Morten A
Published: August 2013

Introduction

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with structural progression are in most need of immediate treatment to maintain tissue integrity. The serum protein fingerprint, type I collagen degradation mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-cleavage (C1M), is a biomarker of tissue destruction. We investigated whether baseline serum C1M levels could identify structural progressors and if the biomarker levels changed during anti-inflammatory treatment with tocilizumab (TCZ).

Methods

The LITHE-biomarker study (NCT00106535, n = 585) was a one-year phase III, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled, parallel group study of TCZ 4 or 8 mg/kg every four weeks, in RA patients on stable doses of methotrexate (MTX). Spearman's ranked correlation was used to assess the correlation between baseline C1M levels and structural progression at baseline and at weeks 24 and 52. Multivariate regression was performed for delta structural progression. Change in C1M levels were studied as a function of time and treatment.

Results

At baseline, C1M was significantly correlated to C-reactive protein (P <0.0001), visual analog scale pain (P <0.0001), disease activity score28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) (P <0.0001), joint space narrowing (JSN) (P = 0.0056) and modified total Sharp score (mTSS) (P = 0.0006). Baseline C1M was significantly correlated with delta-JSN at Week 24 (R2 = 0.09, P = 0.0001) and at Week 52 (R2 = 0.27, P <0.0001), and with delta-mTSS at 24 weeks (R2 = 0.006, P = 0.0015) and strongly at 52 weeks (R2 = 0.013, P <0.0001) in the PBO group. C1M levels were dose-dependently reduced in the TCZ + MTX group.

Conclusions

Baseline C1M levels correlated with worsening joint structure over one year. Serum C1M levels may enable identification of those RA patients that are in most need of aggressive treatment

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00106535
Ischemic arterial events and atherosclerosis in patients with systemic sclerosis: a population-based case-control study
Authors: Nordin Annica , Jensen-Urstad Kerstin , Björnådal Lena , Pettersson Susanne , Larsson Anders , Svenungsson Elisabet
Published: August 2013

Introduction

While microvascular disease is well described in systemic sclerosis (SSc), it is still unclear whether the occurrence of ischemic macrovascular events and atherosclerosis is enhanced among patients with SSc.

Methods

In this study, 111 SSc patients (74% of prevalent cases in Stockholm County) and 105 age- and sex-comparable population controls were investigated. Previous ischemic arterial events were tabulated. As surrogate measures of atherosclerosis, plaque occurrence and intima-media thickness (IMT) were determined with carotid ultrasound and the ankle-brachial index (ABI) was calculated. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors were recorded and we also measured biomarkers indicating systemic inflammation and endothelial activation/dysfunction.

Results

Mean age was 62 ± 12 years for patients and controls. Ischemic arterial events were more common, due to increased occurrence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and ischemic peripheral vascular disease (IPVD), in the patient group (12% vs. 4%, P = 0.03 and 9% vs. 0%, P = 0.003 respectively). On a group level, there was no difference regarding the occurrence of ischemic cerebrovascular disease, the frequency of plaques, IMT or ABI between SSc patients and controls. Subgroup analyses revealed that patients with anticentromere antibodies (ACA+) had more plaques and more ischemic arterial events compared to other SSc patients (67% vs. 39% and 32% vs. 11%; P = 0.006 and P = 0.01, respectively) and compared to controls (67% vs. 41% and 32% vs. 7%, P = 0.02 and P = 0.0003, respectively). Biomarkers of inflammation/endothelial activation were generally increased among SSc patients.

Conclusions

Patients with SSc are at enhanced risk for IHD and IPVD. The ACA+ SSc subgroup was particularly affected with both ischemic arterial events and premature atherosclerosis. The microvascular vulnerability of ACA+ patients is previously well documented. We demonstrate that ACA+ SSc patients have an enhanced risk of macrovascular injury as well. This group should be followed closely and modifiable cardiovascular risk factors should be treated at an early stage.
Bem3, a Cdc42 GTPase-Activating Protein, traffics to an intracellular compartment and recruits the secretory Rab GTPase Sec4 to endomembranes
Authors: Mukherjee Debarati , Sen Arpita , Boettner Douglas R. , Fairn Gregory D. , Schlam Daniel , Bonilla Valentin Fernando J. , McCaffery J. Michael , Hazbun Tony , Staiger Chris J. , Grinstein Sergio , Lemmon Sandra K. , Aguilar R. Claudio
Published: August 2013

Cell polarity is essential for many cellular functions including cell division and cell-fate determination. Although RhoGTPase signaling and vesicle trafficking are both required for the establishment of cell polarity, the mechanisms by which they are coordinated are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the yeast RhoGAP (GTPase Activating Protein), Bem3, is targeted to sites of polarized growth by the endocytic and recycling pathways. Specifically, deletion of SLA2 or RCY1 led to mislocalization of Bem3 to depolarized puncta and accumulation in intracellular compartments, respectively. Bem3 partitioned between the plasma membrane and an intracellular membrane-bound compartment. These Bem3-positive structures were polarized towards sites of bud emergence and were mostly observed during the pre-mitotic phase of apical growth. Cell biological and biochemical approaches demonstrated that this intracellular Bem3 compartment contained markers for both the endocytic and secretory pathways, thereby, reminiscent of the Spitzenkörper present in the hyphal tips of growing fungi.

Importantly, Bem3 was not a passive cargo, but recruited the secretory Rab protein, Sec4, to Bem3-containing compartments. Moreover, Bem3 deletion resulted in less efficient localization of Sec4 to bud tips during early stages of bud emergence. Surprisingly, these effects of Bem3 on Sec4 were independent of its GAP activity, but rather depended on its ability to efficiently bind endomembranes.

This work unveils unsuspected and important details of the relationship between vesicle traffic and elements of the cell polarity machinery: (1) Bem3, a cell polarity and peripherally-associated membrane protein, relies on vesicle trafficking for maintaining its proper localization and (2) in turn, Bem3 influences secretory vesicle trafficking.
Complex modulation of the cold receptor TRPM8 by volatile anaesthetics and its role in complications of general anaesthesia
Authors: Vanden Abeele Fabien , Kondratskyi Artem , Dubois Charlotte , Shapovalov George , Gkika Dimitra , Busserolles Jérôme , Shuba Yaroslav , Skryma Roman , Prevarskaya Natalia
Published: August 2013

The mechanisms by which volatile general anaesthetics (VAs) produce a depression of central nervous system are beginning to be better understood, but little is known about a number of side effects. Here, we show that the cold receptor transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) undergoes a complex modulation by clinical concentrations of VAs in dorsal root ganglion neurons and HEK-293 cells heterologously expressing TRPM8. VAs produced a transient enhancement of TRPM8 through a depolarizing shift of its activation towards physiological membrane potentials, followed by a sustained TRPM8 inhibition. The stimulatory action of VAs engaged molecular determinants distinct from those used by the TRPM8 agonist. Transient TRPM8 activation by VAs could explain side effects such as inhibition of respiratory drive, shivering and the cooling sensation during the beginning of anaesthesia, whereas the second phase of VA action, that associated with sustained TRPM8 inhibition, might be responsible for hypothermia. Consistent with this, both hypothermia and the inhibition of respiratory drive induced by VAs are partially abolished in Trpm8-knockout animals. Thus, we propose TRPM8 as a new clinical target for diminishing common and serious complications of general anaesthesia.
Natural Occurrence of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hyphomycetes: Moniliales) on Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Rossoni Camila , Kassab Samir Oliveira , Barbosa Rogério Hidalgo , Silva Antonio Souza , Mota Thiago Alexandre , Loureiro Elisângela de Souza
Published: August 2013

Natural occurrence of an entomopathogenic fungus was reported on Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in an area planted with conventional soybeans located in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The caterpillar was collected in the field and taken to the microbiology laboratory of the Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD) where it remained in a moist chamber for approximately 7 days. Later, the fungus was isolated on culture medium (PDA) for identification of the entomopathogenic species. The fungus was identified as Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hyphomycetes: Moniliales) and this represents the first record of parasitism of this species on the soybean caterpillar in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul.

Ocorrência Natural de Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hyphomycetes: Moniliales) Sobre Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul

Resumo. Relata-se a ocorrência natural de um fungo entomopatogênico sobre a lagarta Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em uma área de soja convencional situada no município de Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul.  A lagarta foi coletada a campo e levada ao laboratório de microbiologia da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), onde permaneceu em câmera úmida por aproximadamente 7 dias. Posteriormente, o fungo foi isolado em meio de cultura (BDA) para identificação da espécie do entomopatógeno. O fungo foi identificado como Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hyphomycetes: Moniliales) e, isso representa o primeiro registro de parasitismo, dessa espécie, sobre a lagarta-da-soja no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul.
New Records of Social Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae) in Amazonas State, Brazil
Authors: Somavilla Alexandre , De Oliveira Marcio Luiz
Published: August 2013

In this paper we record the occurrence of Clypearia apicipennis (Spinola, 1851), Leipomeles pusilla (Ducke, 1904), Metapolybia nigra Richards, 1978, Parachartergus richardsi Willink, 1951 and Pseudopolybia langi Bequaert, 1944 in Amazonas State for the first time, including distribution notes.

Novos Registros de Vespas Sociais (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae) no Estado do Amazonas, Brasil

Resumo. Nesse trabalho registramos a ocorrência de Clypearia apicipennis (Spinola, 1851), Leipomeles pusilla (Ducke, 1904), Metapolybia nigra Richards, 1978, Parachartergus richardsi Willink, 1951 e Pseudopolybia langi Bequaert, 1944 pela primeira vez no estado do Amazonas e incluímos notas de distribuição.
Criação e Transporte de Ninfas de Ephemeroptera (Insecta) em Campo
Authors: Boldrini Rafael , Cruz Paulo Vilela
Published: August 2013

Muitas espécies de Ephemeroptera são conhecidas somente em um estágio, normalmente adulto ou ninfa. Nesse estudo é proposto uma metodologia para transporte e criação de ninfas em campo

Rearing and Transport of Mayfly Nymphs in the Field

Abstract. Many species of Ephemeroptera are known in only one phase, adult or nymph. In this study, we propose a methodology for transport and rearing nymphs in the field.
“But she’s not retarded”: Contemporary Adolescent Literature Humanizes Disability but Marginalizes Intellectual Disability
Authors: Meyer Abbye E.
Published: August 2013

This article examines trends within contemporary young adult novels that seek to address social understandings of disability. While these texts position disability as an identity category, celebrate inclusivity, and argue for accommodation, they refuse empowerment for people with intellectual disabilities. Three primary modes of addressing intellectual disability emerge from the novels: physically disabled narrator-protagonists find acceptance from peers by asserting that they are smart and “not retarded”; physically disabled narrator-protagonists separate themselves from intellectually disabled peers; and so-called intellectually disabled narrator-protagonists attempt to find voices, but ultimately reveal and privilege intelligence, which others and eliminates intellectual disability.
Raw Shok and Modern Method: Child Consciousness in Flowers for Algernon and The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time
Authors: Blackford Holly
Published: August 2013

This essay situates child consciousness in Mark Haddon’s The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time and Daniel Keyes’s Flowers for Algernon in the legacy of child consciousness pioneered in Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Henry James’s What Maisie Knew . Not only do Christopher Boone and Charlie Gordon bear kinship with Huck and Maisie in replaying similar themes as they explore both protective freedoms and confining limits of the human mind, but they also exemplify how the method of the modern novel came to focus on child consciousness to mark environmental conditioning and broader social problems.
Adversus paganos : Disaster, Dragons, and Episcopal Authority in Gregory of Tours
Authors: Patterson David J.
Published: August 2013

In 589 a great flood of the Tiber sent a torrent of water rushing through Rome. According to Gregory of Tours, the floodwaters carried some remarkable detritus: several dying serpents and, perhaps most strikingly, the corpse of a dragon. The flooding was soon followed by plague and the death of a pope. This remarkable chain of events leaves us with puzzling questions: What significance would Gregory have located in such a narrative? For a modern reader, the account (apart from its dragon) reads like a description of a natural disaster. Yet how did people in the early Middle Ages themselves perceive such events? This article argues that, in making sense of the disasters at Rome in 589, Gregory revealed something of his historical consciousness: drawing on both biblical imagery and pagan historiography, Gregory struggled to identify appropriate objects of both blame and succor in the wake of calamity.
Spin-Doctoring Discourse: Ideological Debates around the Marriage of Lady Arbella Stuart and William Seymour
Authors: Ross Emily
Published: August 2013

“Spin-doctoring Discourse” explores debates around Arbella and William’s marriage. While the law is held up as an authoritative institution, the il/legality of actions is contested. Arbella and William claimed their precontract and wedding were legal, but James declared their precontract and marriage illicit. Early modern marriages created factional, as well as legal, bonds. Arbella’s supporters argued that her similar status to William made them a suitable match, but opponents warned against combining their lineages. Discourses of love provide an alternative moral code. For supporters, the couple’s defiant marriage was excused as romantic, whereas opponents declared that the pair were not a “fit match.” Marriage contracts were typically accompanied by financial arrangements, which gave parents more influence over whom their children wed. James used the discourse of wardship to claim that he had legal rights over Arbella’s marriage, while Arbella posited that he had forfeited those rights through inaction.
Gender and Connectivity: Facilitating Religious Travel in the Sixth and Seventh Centuries
Authors: Luckhardt Courtney
Published: August 2013

Using gender as a lens, this article evaluates the nature of female networks of religious connection and communication in the early medieval period. The vitae of three female saints of the sixth and seventh centuries, Radegund of Poitiers, Brigid of Kildare, and Gertrude of Nivelles, demonstrate the way that women facilitated and instigated networks of contact through their relationships with others, especially men and particularly their kin. These relationships allowed women to play a crucial role in forming heterogeneous cultural and religious connections across both long and short distances in the period. The methodology of connectivity, which as a concept needs to be both engaged with and challenged, allows the probing of questions of how and why medieval people communicated and connected with one another across geographical and imaginative boundaries.
The Crusader Rebranding of Jerusalem’s Temple Mount
Authors: Giebfried John
Published: August 2013

This article explores the Temple Mount under crusader rule. It examines how the space was transformed physically and, more importantly, how it was spiritually re-branded to fit into the new sacred geography of crusader Jerusalem. The Dome of the Rock was consecrated as a church, known as the Templum Domini and was associated primarily with the story of Jesus forgiving the adulteress about to be stoned. The site also became the place of confession for pilgrims. Therefore this site absorbed the original purpose of the Jewish Temple, the forgiveness of sins, but reworked to fit with Christian doctrine, namely the rite of confession. Likewise the Al-Aqsa mosque, which the Muslim sources before 1099 argued was Solomon’s Temple, was recast by the crusaders as Solomon’s house or palace shortly after the conquest. This happened because the mosque became the royal palace under Baldwin I.