bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Darkwinged Fungus Gnats, Bradysia spp. (Insecta: Diptera: Sciaridae)
Authors: Mead Frank W. , Fasulo Thomas R.
Published: February 2021

Most species of darkwinged fungus gnats (Sciaridae) feed on fungi and decaying organic matter and are not considered economic problems. A few species, however, attack healthy tissue of such economic plants as potatoes, wheat, red clover, alfalfa, cultivated mushrooms, pine seedlings, and various ornamentals, including tulip bulbs, ferns, begonias, coleus, geraniums, cacti, young orchids, areca palm, and dracaenas. Sciarids are a problem in Florida greenhouses, mostly concerning injury to plants, but also large numbers of flying gnats being an occasional nuisance to workers. This document is EENY-215 (originally published as DPI Entomology Circular No. 186), one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: July 2001.

EENY-215/IN372: Darkwinged Fungus Gnats, Bradysia spp. (Insecta: Diptera: Sciaridae) (ufl.edu)
The Savvy Survey #6e: Understanding How Question Type Impacts Future Analysis
Authors: Gariton Colleen E. , Israel Glenn D.
Published: February 2021

This publication will briefly look at how the intent of a survey affects which types of questions should be asked and how the data can be analyzed to help address this intent. It is intended to provide guidance to Extension professionals, as well as persons in community organizations, who conduct surveys for program planning, improvement, and evaluation. Written by Colleen E. Gariton and Glenn D. Israel, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural Education and Communication.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pd083
Management of Citrus Tree Canopies for Fresh-Fruit Production
Authors: Krajewski Andrew , Schumann Arnold , Ebert Tim , Oswalt Chris , Ferrarezi Rhuanito , Waldo Laura
Published: February 2021

Canopy management is a useful tool to induce precocity and maintain high production of optimum-sized, high-quality fruit. The aim of this new 8-page publication of the UF/IFAS Department of Soil and Water Sciences is to provide growers with practical tools with which to manage their trees for maximum fresh-fruit yield, quality, and profitability. Written by Andrew Krajewski, Arnold Schumann, Tim Ebert, Chris Oswalt, Rhuanito S. Ferrarezi, and Laura Waldo.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss698
The cultural constituent of the European Soft Power in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Seitkhamit A.Zh. , Nurdavletova S.M.
Published: February 2021

The European Union dynamically exercises various forms and methods of the Soft Power in its foreign policy. The article reviews its main principles and characteristics as well as conceptual basics. As an example, the article considers the European cultural diplomacy in the Republic of Kazakhstan as a method of soft power. The authors pay an attention specific actions of the European cultural diplomacy in Kazakhstan as well as the mechanisms of its implementation. Apart from that, cultural soft power of two European countries – France and Germany – are considered as separate actions of the EU member states in the sphere of culture. Finally, it assesses importance of Kazakhstan for the EU and effectiveness of such policy in this country.
Analysis of the transport sector in the eco-policy of Kyoto Eco-model city
Authors: Kerimova Zh.K. , Akhapov E.A. , Shimizu K.
Published: February 2021

Global warming countermeasures are being taken around the world, and every country and every city is trying to minimize emissions of greenhouse gases such as CO2, on its territory. This article is devoted to the environmental policy of the Kyoto cityin the transport sector. Kyoto city is the former capital of Japan, where Kyoto Protocolwas adopted. During the study of the environmental policy, the authors identified the most important political measures based on important official documents of the local government. Not only the measures adopted by the city mayor’s office in the transport sector, were studied, but their assessment and results were examined too. However most information on eco-model cities of Japan is presented in Japanese, access to basic information is limited. Thus, this article offers new information from the original sources
Mapping Above-Ground Carbon Stock of Secondary Peat Swamp Forest Using Forest Canopy Density Model Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS: A Case Study in Central Kalimantan Indonesia
Authors:   Forestry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Palangka Raya, Kampus UPR Tunjung Nyaho, Yos Sudarso Sreet, Kotak Pos 2/PLKUP 73111, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, Sukarna Raden Mas , Birawa Cakra ,   Forestry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Palangka Raya, Kampus UPR Tunjung Nyaho, Yos Sudarso Sreet, Kotak Pos 2/PLKUP 73111, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, Junaedi Ajun ,   Forestry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Palangka Raya, Kampus UPR Tunjung Nyaho, Yos Sudarso Sreet, Kotak Pos 2/PLKUP 73111, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Published: February 2021

Mapping the above-ground carbon potential by using a non-destructive method has been a serious challenge for researchers in the effort to improve the performance of natural forest management in Indonesia, particularly in the ex-Mega Rice Project (MRP) area in Central Kalimantan Province. Nevertheless, the rapid and dynamic changes in secondary peat swamp forests are currently mapped effectively with the remote sensing technology using the Forest Canopy Density (FCD) model. FCD analysis as done by integrating vegetation index, soil index, temperature index and shadow index of Landsat 8 OLI images. The result was an FCD class map. In each class, parameter measurements were established for seedling, sapling, poles and tree stages. Above-ground carbon stock was calculated using three allometric equations. The results revealed that the values of carbon stock in ±16,147.26 ha dense secondary peat swamp forest, ±1,509.66 ha moderately dense scrub swamp forest, and ±632.07 ha sparse scrub swamp forest were, respectively, 79.28-122.96; 74.06-113.06; and 40.48-63.60 ton/ha. These results show that FCD application could be used to classify forest density effectively and in line with the variety of their attributes such us aboveground biomass and carbon stock potential.
„Pest megér egy testet” : A magyarországi pornóipar a hosszú kilencvenes években mint a világgazdaságba való reintegráció egy patriarchális formája
Authors: Gregor Anikó , Csányi Gergely , Dés Fanni
Published: February 2021

Tanulmányunkban két fő kérdésre keressük a választ. Egyrészt arra, hogy mely előzmények és körülmények befolyásolták a magyarországi pornóipar kiépülését a „hosszú kilencvenes években”, azaz a rendszerváltást megelőző években, valamint az azt követő bő egy évtizedben. Másrészt arra, hogy e folyamat hogyan képezte részét gazdaságilag és kulturálisan Magyarország 1970-es évektől kezdődő világgazdasági reintegrációjának. A kutatás megállapításai háromféle empirikus forrásanyag forráskritikával kezelt feldolgozásán (korabeli sajtóbeszámolók; iparági vagy az iparágra rálátó szereplőkkel folytatott félig strukturált interjúk; egykori iparági szereplők önéletrajzi könyvei), valamint a témában fellelhető szociológiai, történeti és politikai gazdaságtani szakirodalom integratív újraolvasásán nyugszik, és világrendszer-elméleti keretben vizsgálja a szexlapkiadásból és pornófilmgyártásból álló pornóipar hazai és nemzetközi működési mechanizmusait. Magyarország a régió országai közül az egyik legliberálisabb társadalom- és gazdaságpolitikát folytatva, valamint infrastrukturális ellátottságát és a fellelhető technikai szakértelmet (pl. filmgyártás) tekintve megkönnyítette a nemzetközi (főként osztrák, német) tőke beáramlását a rendszerváltás idején. A gazdasági liberalizmushoz illeszkedve az államszocializmus alatt egyre jobban lazultak a reklámiparban is a szabályozások és irányelvek, a szexualizált női testtel való reklámozás bevett gyakorlat volt, és a Kádár-kor vizuális kultúrájában a szexualizált női test látványa egyre megszokottabbá vált a nyilvánosságban, a szexuálisan kizsákmányolt nő figurája pedig teljes leválasztásra került a felemás női emancipáció témájáról. A rendszerváltás idején kialakuló gazdasági-társadalmi válság és az átörökített, társadalmi osztálypozíciókba sűrűsödő hátrányok nők tömegeit tették kiszolgáltatottá a felfutó pornóipar számára. Mindezzel párhuzamosan a nyilvánosságban megjelenő és a pornóról szóló mainstream diskurzusok a pornó jelenlétét a liberális demokrácia indikátoraként, valamint legitim üzleti vállalkozásként tartották számon, jelentősebb ellendiskurzus hiányában pedig ezzel további igazolását adták az iparszerű működésnek.
KORELASI AKTIVITAS FISIK DENGAN KUALITAS TIDUR IBU HAMIL: STUDI CROSS-SECTIONAL
Authors: Rustikayanti Raden Nety , Anam Ahmad Khaerul , Hernawati Yeti
Published: February 2021

Gangguan tidur yang buruk dapat mengakibatkan komplikasi kehamilan. Gangguan tidur dapat berbeda pada setiap pada setiap ibu hamil bergantung pada aktivitas fisik. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui korelasi aktivitas fisik dengan kualitas tidur pada ibu hamil. Jenis penelitian korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian sebanyak 248, dengan tehnik  purposive sampling sebanyak 97 responden. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) dan Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Analisis data menggunakan Chi Square. Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai p sebesar 0.003 (p<α). Disimpulkan bahwa aktivitas fisik berkorelasi dengan kualitas tidur pada ibu hamil.
DAMPAK POSITIF PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE DALAM SISTEM PENDIDIKAN KEPERAWATAN PASCA PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: Sugiarto Angga
Published: February 2021

Lonjakan perubahan metode pembelajaran terjadi cukup signifikan pada pandemi Covid-19. Setelah masuknya Covid-19 di Indonesia, pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan untuk menghilangkan pembelajaran tatap muka sementara. Pandemi Covid-19 telah menciptakan tantangan berikutnya dalam pendidikan keperawatan. Mahasiswa keperawatan, dilarang berpartisipasi dalam kesempatan belajar tatap muka dan pengalaman klinis "langsung". Dunia pendidikan keperawatan meresponnya dengan melakukan proses pembelajaran online melalui elearning (pembelajaran elektronik) yang dikembangkan oleh perguruan tinggi masing-masing dan sumber belajar online lainnya yang tersedia di dunia maya. Untuk mengakomodasi mahasiswa keperawatan yang dalam bahaya tidak maju dalam studi akademis mereka dan untuk menyelesaikan gelar. Kajian pustaka bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran metode pembelajaran selama pandemi. Pencarian literatur menggunakan database pubMed dan google scholar dengan kata kunci: pembelajaran online dan pendidikan keperawatan. Hasilnya adalah 5 jurnal periode 2016-2019 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil dari 5 jurnal yang dilihat secara lengkap melalui studi pustaka ini diperoleh 5 jurnal. Kesimpulan dari tinjauan pustaka ini adalah bahwa inovasi dan pengembangan serta penerapan dalam proses pembelajaran merupakan lompatan yang signifikan dalam budaya pembelajaran online. Implementasi dari filosofi Merdeka Belajar - Kampus Merdeka.
The Effects of Lead Toxicity on the Hematological Parameters Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) at Varying Salinity Levels
Authors:   Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran., Tulaby Dezfuly Zahra , Aramoon Amir ,   Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran., Alishahi Mojtaba ,   Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran., Halimi Mostafa ,   Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran, Rahnama Roya ,   Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
Published: February 2021

Background: Lead (Pb) is an important metal used in industries, mining and agriculture. It is equally important to the aquatic ecosystems and has negative impact on the health of aquatic organisms. Methods: The LC50 of lead toxicity at varying salinities was first determined for 96 hours. Then juvenile fish were transferred to tanks individually and were exposed to 0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 mg/l of Pb at varying salt concentration of 0, 0.1, 0.2 or 0.4 g/l. The blood samples were taken after the 4th day and the hematological parameters were evaluated. Results: Red Blood Cells (RBC) and White Blood Cells (WBC) were decreased in almost all lead treated groups. The Hb levels decreased consistent with increasing lead concentrations (P<0.05). The mean corpuscular volume, hemoglobin and the concentration were not affected by the lead concentrations compared to those for the control group. The WBC and RBC counts showed an inverse correlation with the lead concentrations in the Pb-exposed fish. A direct correlation was also observed in the lead concentration and the heterophile rate (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that salinity did not affect the hematological parameters, but the LC50 values decreased with increasing salinity.
Effect of Melatonin on Serum Levels of INF-1β and Vitamin B12 in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors:   Department of Biology, College of Biological Sciences, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran., Yosefi-Fard Masoomeh , Vaezi Gholamhassan ,   Department of Biology, College of Biological Sciences, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran., Maleki-Rad Ali Akbar ,   Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Faraji Fardin ,   Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Hojati Vida ,   Department of Biology, College of Biological Sciences, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease due to the demyelination of axons in the central nervous system. Melatonin, as a hormone with potential anti-inflammatory effects, can reduce the MS symptoms by altering the levels of inflammatory mediators. Methods: In this study, 50 MS patients referred to the MS Society in Markazi Province were randomly selected. Each patient completed and signed a consent form and was referred to the MS Center at Vali-Asr Hospital in Arak, Iran. All patients who were routinely receiving interferon, were divided into two groups of 25 each. Group 1 (control) received placebo, and Group 2 (treatment) received one dose of melatonin (3mg) per day for 24 weeks. Patients’ recorded anthropometric data included height, weight, and age. Fasting blood samples were collected and the serum levels of INF-1β and VitB12 determined. The blood samples were immediately centrifuged to separate sera, which were kept in a freezer at -80° C. The serum levels of INF-1β and Vitamin B12 were determined, using ELISA kits. Results: The data showed that there were significant differences in the serum levels of INF-1β and Vitamin B12 between the control and treatment groups. The levels were significantly increased in the treatment group compared to those in the controls, suggesting that melatonin might have induced the changes. Conclusion: Based on the results, the application of melatonin might be a valuable strategy in the treatment of patients with MS.
Protective Role of Leptadenia Hastata on the Haematological and Biochemical Alterations in Adrenaline-Induced Hypertensive Rats
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria., Hassan Abdulsalam Adewuyi , Hadiza Muhammad L. ,   Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria., Chiamaka Onukogu Stella ,   Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria., Jonathan Ibrahim ,   Department of General Study, Gombe State College of Health, Sciences and Technology, Kaltungo, Nigeria., Alfa Suleiman ,   Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.65, Minna, Nigeria, Rahmatallah Adenike Alawode ,   Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria-Southern, Guinea Research Station, Mokwa, Niger State, Nigeria., Itopa Umar Sherif ,   Department of Science and Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Ile-Oluji, Nigeria.
Published: February 2021

Background: Leptadenia hastata (L. Hastata) is a plant used for various diseases in Nigeria. This study evaluated the protective effects of L. hastate on the haematological and biochemical alterations in adrenaline-induced hypertensive rats. Methods: Twenty-five rats were divided equally into five groups (A-E). Groups A-D were given 0.5 mg/kg adrenaline, groups A and B were treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg the extract of L. Hastata, respectively, while groups C and D were treated with 5 mg/kg amlodipine (standard control) and normal saline (untreated control), respectively. Group E were given distilled water (normal controls). The adrenaline was injected intraperitoneally while the extract was given orally once daily for seven days. Results: Treatment with 100 and 200 mg/kg of the extract significantly reduced the elevated serum albumin, ALP, ALT, AST, chloride, sodium and creatinine, cholesterol and LDL concentrations compared with the untreated hypertensive rats. The bicarbonate level, WBC and RBC counts, mean cell hemoglobin and packed cell value were higher in rats treated with the extract compared with the untreated hypertensive rats. The mean cell value, HDL, triglyceride, urea, potassium, total and direct bilirubin concentrations in experimental groups were not significantly different from those in the controls (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that treatment of the hypertensive rats with the extract of L. Hastata protects against renal, hepatic and cardiac damages, thus it could be considered as a natural anti-hypertensive agent. Further studies are required to identify the bioactive constituents and the mechanism(s) of action.
Effects of Extraction Solvents on the Antioxidant and Phytochemical Activities of Manihot Esculenta Leaves
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria., Okoro Israel O.
Published: February 2021

Background: Plants contain diverse phytochemicals with different solubility levels, depending on their molecular charges and polarity. This study was conducted to examine the effects of three extraction solvents in their pure and aqueous forms: absolute petroleum ether, acetone and ethanol on the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activities of Manihot esculenta leaves extracts. Methods: The preliminary phytochemical investigations were performed, using standard procedures. The in vitro antioxidant properties were estimated by: 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picryl-Hydrazyl (DPPH), Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging activity, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and Ferric Thiocyanate (FTC). Results: The phytochemical analyses revealed the occurrence of an array of compounds: alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, tannin phenols, saponins and anthraquinones, the concentration of which varied with the solvent type. A considerable presence of all phytochemicals was found in the aqueous ethanol. The extracts from pure solvents were much less effective against DPPH synthetic radical than those 50% diluted. The petroleum ether extract provided the least antiradical activity, while the aqueous ethanol was the richest. The scavenging effect of the extracts on H2O2 varied in this order: 50% ethanol > absolute ethanol > ascorbic acid > 50% acetone > absolute acetone > 50% petroleum ether > absolute petroleum ether. Similarly, the results of the FRAP and FTC methods agreed largely with those of the DPPH and H2O2. Thus, the results of antioxidant activity positively correlated with the phytochemical results, with the aqueous ethanol showing the maximum activity overall. Conclusion: The results indicated that the extraction solvents considerably affected the phytochemical contents and the antioxidant activities of the tested extracts. These extracts can potentially serve as the alternative sources of natural antioxidant preparations.
Child Death Due to Dermal Opium Application: A Case Report
Authors:   Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran., Moshiri Mohammad , Hedjazi Arya ,   Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran., Rezazadeh-Shojaie Seyed Mohsen ,   Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran., Etemad Leila ,   Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Background: Incorrect belief about opioid efficacy is a major cause of acute pediatric poisonings in Iran. We report a rare case of topical opium application that caused death in a 4-year-old child. Case: A 4-year old girl was examined with burns over her abdominal area and lower extremities. Her parents had applied opium on burned area to relieve her pain. She was in delirium state and apnea without any evidence of infection. Immediately, she was administered a single dose of Naloxone (2mg). Results: While blood oxygen saturation was improving, she aspirated her vomitus into the lungs and became hypotensive and pulseless. Her condition deteriorated and the treatment team’s efforts to resuscitate her failed. On her autopsy, there were no other abnormal findings, but codeine and morphine were detected in the autopsied tissue sample. Conclusion: The plausible contributing factors may include: change in morphine pharmacokinetics in the burned skin; the low toxic dose of opium in children due to thin abdominal skin, and high blood perfusion in the burned areas.
Impact of Turmeric Curcuma longa on the Body Weight and Liver Function of Japanese Quails Exposed to Dietary Aflatoxins
Authors:   Department of Animal Viral Diseases Research, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran., Karimi Omid , Mofidi Mohammad Reza ,   epartment of Animal Science Research, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Yazd, Iran., Saeidabadi Mohammad Sadegh ,   Department of Poultry Viral Diseases Research, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Background: The contamination of poultry feed with Aflatoxins (AF) is important in terms of economic damage to the poultry industry and public health. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of Turmeric Powder (TP), containing 2.96% of Total Curcuminoids (TCM) on reducing the adverse effects of dietary AF in Japanese quails. Methods: 180 male Japanese quails aged 22-55 days were divided into six groups, and were fed basic diet (group 1, controls), or basic diet contaminated with 4 mg/kg AF and/or TP doses as follows: 3 g/kg TP (group 2), 5 g/kg TP (group 3), 4 mg/kg AF (group 4), 4 mg/kg AF and 3 g/kg TP (group 5) or 4 mg/kg AF and 5 g/kg TP (group 6). Results: Adding TP to the quails diet that contained AF improved the liver antioxidant status, reduced Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, increased the serum SOD and CAT enzyme levels and improved the total antioxidant capacity (P<0.05). The addition of TP significantly reduced the adverse effects of AF on body weight loss, relative liver weight gain, decreased serum total protein, and increased the AST, ALT and ALP enzyme activities. It also reduced the severity of liver histological pathologies, such as fatty changes, biliary duct proliferation, periportal fibrosis, hyperemia, and leukocyte infiltration. Conclusion: The effect of TP on reducing the adverse effects of dietary AF may be attributed to its antioxidant properties. The AF-contaminated diet containing 5 g/kg TP (148 mg/kg TCM) was more effective in reducing the AF complications in the quails compared to 3 g/kg of TP (88.8 mg/kg TCM).
Antibacterial Activity of the Iranian Scorpion’s Crude Venom (Odontobuthus bidentatus) on Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria
Authors:   Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran., Keshavarz Alikhani Hani , Zargan Jamil ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran., Bidmeshkipour Ali ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran., Haji Nour Mohammadi Ashkan ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran., Hosseinpour Mohammad ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran., Heydari Ahmad ,   Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran., Hajizadeh Abbas ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Ir
Published: February 2021

Background: The venoms of some scorpions are rich in bioactive components that may be used in the development and discovery of new antibacterial drugs. The venoms have many components, such as neurotoxins, salts, proteins and peptides with therapeutic properties, and can rapidly eliminate a broad range of bacteria. This study evaluated the anti-bacterial activity of Odontobuthus bidentatus’ crude venom against typical Gram-positive and negative bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli. Methods: The antibacterial effects of the crude venom were evaluated using Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and MTT assays and its IC50 value was determined, using GraphPad software. Results: The crude venom significantly inhibited the growth of both Gram-positive and negative bacteria. Also the MTT results showed that the crude venom significantly reduced the viability of E. Coli, S. Aureus, and B. Subtilis bacteria compared with that for the controls. The IC50 values of the venom for E.coli, S.aureus, and B.subtilis were 30.19, 17.64, and 24.13 µM, respectively. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the venom of O. bidentatus scorpion has antibacterial properties. Also, our results offer preliminary clues toward the development of new antibacterial agents and new drugs with high therapeutic potentials for use in animals and humans.
New life of old ideas (On the book “Economic thought: A brief history” by Heinz D. Kurz)
Authors: Maltsev A. A. , Khudokormov A. G.
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the main ideas of the book “Economic thought: A brief history” by the renowned historian of economics Heinz D. Kurz. Despite its brevity, the book covers a wide range of historiographical issues, ranging from Plato to E. F. Fama. One of the greatest virtues of the book is a productive balance between the analysis of economic ideas per se and consideration of the contexts which gave birth to one or another concept. The book is also remarkable for its generosity to intellectual opponents and its opposition towards considering the past theories in the light of modern economics. The book compares favorably with many other works in the history of economic thought because Professor Kurz successfully avoids splitting economic concepts into “good” and “bad” categories.
Macroeconomic policy in a pandemic era: What does the IS-LM model show?
Authors: Buklemishev O. V. , Zubova E. A. , Kachan M. N. , Kurovsky G. S. , Lavrentieva O. N.
Published: February 2021

This paper examines how the COVID-19 pandemic will affect macroeconomic policy, setting the dynamics of interest rates in the short to medium term for developed countries and developing (transition) economies. The macroeconomic model of general equilibrium (IS-LM) was chosen as a simple tool for analysis allowing us to identify mechanisms for translating the effects of the pandemic and the corresponding government policy on interest rates. We emphasize the fundamental differences of the situation in the countries that were already in a liquidity trap at the beginning of the pandemic and in the economies still far from this state. The results of the analysis demonstrate the limited effectiveness of monetary policy to restore economic activity in both groups of the countries and the need for fiscal stimulus to reduce uncertainty (or lower the slope of the model curves). Under these conditions, the capacity of debt financing of additional public expenditures, the functioning of the financial sector and ensuring macroprudential stability pose serious problems for economic policy.
On Russia’s public sector debt
Authors: Belyakov I. V.
Published: February 2021

The article examines the problem of comprehensive official reporting on public sector debt. It considers the IMF toolkit for public debt statistics, the peculiarities of its practical use and inherent methodological issues influencing the quantitative assessments. Estimates of the total liabilities and liquid assets for the components of the Russian public sector are given, which show, inter alia, the increase of the total liabilities of the largest state-owned enterprises (as a share of GDP) since 2016, first of all, due to the growing share of stateowned banks in the banking sector. The importance of regular monitoring and review of the public sector liabilities and assets is substantiated.
Psychological Status Analysis and Moral Education Strategy Research of Vocational College Students in the Post-epidemic Era
Authors: Cheng Yurong
Published: February 2021

Due to the impact of COVID-19 's epidemic on education, the psychological problems of vocational college students have become more prominent. The main manifestations are tension in interpersonal relationships, low self-esteem, isolation, learning disabilities, improper communication between men and women, emotional instability, etc., prone to depression, anxiety, and tantrum. As for the causes of these psychological problems, they are related to family, social, school, and students themselves. The author puts forward a series of moral education strategies for the current situation of students, such as the integration of strong strengths between home and school, and concerted efforts to maintain health, channels for communication between teachers and students, bridges for spiritual communication, psychological education into the classroom, activities leading to effectiveness and other strategies, which are effective to solve students' psychological problems and promote their healthy development.
Data Privacy in European Medical Research
Authors: Dierks Christian , Kircher Philipp , Husemann Charlotte , Kleinschmidt Julia , Haase Martin
Published: February 2021

The European Data Protection Regulation applies since May 25th, 2018. It creates a uniform data protection legal framework within the EU. National and international medical research projects, regardless of whether they were started before or after the introduction of the GDPR, are obliged to follow this new regulation and implement it promptly. This raises various challenges for a large number of medical research projects. The University Medicine Greifswald commissioned this legal report, that was prepared by DIERKS+COMPANY. Two real-world research projects, the Baltic Fracture Competence Centre (BFCC) as well as the German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) provide use cases, questions, and context for this legal report. It addresses questions regarding all steps of data processing. The report provides practical answers to a wide array of technical and organisational questions in the area of data protection-compliant processing of research data. A comprehensive guide to GDPR-compliant data processing has been developed, which both summarises the broad legal environment and provides specific assistance in the design and implementation of GDPR-compliant data management processes, including Informed Consent, Legal Consequences of Withdrawal, and Privacy by Design.
ПРИНЦИПИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬЧОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ: ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: Вараксіна Олена , Титатренко Аліна
Published: February 2021

Стаття присвячена актуальності безпеки для становлення кожного соціуму, зокрема сучасні реалії змушують кожну державу першочергово працювати над забезпеченням національної безпеки. Наголошено, що нестабільна економіка, політичні конфлікти, порушення прав та свобод людини, всесвітні епідемії та пандемії надають питанню формуванню продовольчі безпеки особливої актуальності. Підкреслено, що найважливішою, фундаментальною та якісною складовою національної безпеки країни має бути продовольча безпека. Відзначено багатовекторність підходів до трактування поняття економічної категорії «продовольча безпека» та відзначено різноплановість підходів до принципів формування продовольчої безпеки. Спираючись на наукові розвідки українських та зарубіжних дослідників узагальнено базові принципи класифікації продовольчі безпеки.
ІНТЕГРОВАНІ ПІДХОДИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ СИСТЕМИ КСВ ДЛЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ МАЛОГО ТА СЕРЕДНЬОГО БІЗНЕСУ
Authors: Лінгур Любов
Published: February 2021

Стаття присвячена актуальним питання визначення головних напрямків розвитку економічних трендів та цифрової економіки в сучасних умовах. Тенденції розвитку інтернет-торгівлі свідчать про зміщення бізнесу в напрямку цифровізації. Тому автором розглянуто моделі цифрових трансформацій підприємства при переході до моделі Індустрія 4.0. А також запропоновано розглянути комплексний підхід який поєднує концепції стійкого розвитку, соціальної відповідальності та діджиталізації в єдиний формат «цифровий простір стійкого розвитку підприємства». Для підтримки такого формату пропонується інтегрована корпоративна інформаційна система яка включає три блоки: інфраструктурне забезпечення цифровізації бізнесу, інформаційно-комунікативну систему та систему цифрового управління бізнес-процесами на підприємстві. Це дозволить визначити алгоритм модернізації діючої системи або впровадження нової ІС, ключовою ідеєю якої стане концепція стійкого розвитку підприємства із елементами соціальної відповідальності бізнесу.
ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ОБЛІКУ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ
Authors: Шендригоренко Марина , Лядська Віталія
Published: February 2021

Цифрова економіка заснована на цифрових технологіях, що тісно пов’язані з електронними, а також із цифровими товарами та послугами. У статті досліджено актуальні питання щодо концептуальних, теоретичних і практичних основ цифрової економіки, перспектив її розвитку та впливу цифрових технологій на інноваційний розвиток і суспільний прогрес. В умовах цифрової економіки функції бухгалтера розширюються, при цьому зростає коло компетенцій та обов’язків. Потреби роботодавців обумовлюють необхідність підготовки кваліфікованих фахівців, здатних розв’язувати складні спеціалізовані завдання та прикладні проблеми у сфері обліку, аналізу, контролю, аудиту, оподаткування. Для цього необхідно використовувати в навчальному процесі останні досягнення економічної науки, а також систематично підвищувати кваліфікацію та дотримуватися норм професійної етики.
ОБГРУНТУВАННЯ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ПОКАЗНИКА ВИТРАТ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА НА КОНСАЛТИНГОВІ ПРОЕКТИ
Authors: Дзюба Оксана , Левіщенко Олена
Published: February 2021

Стаття розглядає актуальне питання формування, обґрунтування і складових розрахунку комплексного показника витрат підприємства-замовника на консалтинговий проект для подальшого розрахунку показника економічності такого проекту як співвідношення досягнутого результату до витрат. Було показано, що для замовників зовнішнього консультування витрати на консалтинговий проект формуються в інший спосіб, ніж для консалтингової компанії. Було обґрунтовано доцільність визначення витрат в окремих випадках не у грошових одиницях, а у формі комплексного показника. На основі аналізу методик оцінювання витрат в наслідок ризиків було розроблено авторський методичний підхід для розрахунку комплексного показника витрат підприємства на консалтинговий проект, який враховує не лише розмір витрат, але й імовірність прийняття і впровадження замовником цього проекту, й експозицію – частоту консалтингової взаємодії.
ПІДХОДИ ДО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІНСТРУМЕНТІВ ОНЛАЙН-ПРОСУВАННЯ З УРАХУВАННЯМ КОМУНІКАЦІЙНИХ ТОЧОК ДОТИКУ
Authors: Семененко Катерина , Капінус Лариса
Published: February 2021

Визначено, що динамічний розвиток інструментів онлайн-просування спричиняє виникнення ситуації, за якої практична комунікаційна діяльність підприємства в мережі Інтернет значно випереджає теоретичне її забезпечення, що негативно впливає на процес планування та оцінювання результативності просування продукції підприємства. Запропоновано науково-практичний підхід до оцінювання рівня результативності використання інструментів онлайн-просування товарів підприємств пивної галузі. Обґрунтовано, що практична імплементація його використання є орієнтиром у прийнятті рішень щодо ведення маркетингової політики онлайн-просування та досягнення цілей підприємства. Запропоновано матрицю відповідності очікуваних сценаріїв конверсії специфіці комунікаційних точок дотику в контексті використання онлайн-інструментів просування, яка чітко ідентифікує основні та допоміжні точки дотику, що дозволяє вибудувати ефективні маркетингові комунікації і зумовлює індивідуальний підхід у виборі точки дотику та доступних інструментів в її рамках. Доведено, що кожний сегмент, окрім загальних інтегральних показників ефективності, в рамках реалізації комплексу інструментів онлайн-просування має свої специфічні показники, які прямо залежать від сформованої стратегії і тактики просування.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРОЦЕСУ ОПОДАТКУВАННЯ МАЛОГО ТА СЕРЕДНЬОГО БІЗНЕСУ
Authors: Тітенко Зоя , Коцюруба Олена
Published: February 2021

Стаття присвячена висвітленню актуальних питань оподаткування малого і середнього бізнесу. Визначено основні складові дохідної частини Державного бюджету в розрізі окремих податків. Метою статті є оцінка сучасного стану розвитку малого та середнього бізнесу, дослідження і обгрунтування особливостей оподаткування суб’єктів малого та середнього підприємництва в умовах інтеграційних змін. Розглянуто особливості режимів оподаткування для малого і середнього бізнеса в Україні. Проведено диференціацію суб’єктів великого, середнього, малого та мікропідпрємництва з метою визначення платників єдиного податку. Здійснено аналіз надходжень фінансових ресурсів від Єдиного податку До Зведеного бюджету. Визначено, що система спрощеного оподаткування сприяє розвитку малого бізнесу шляхом спрощення ведення податкового обліку. Запропоновано рекомендації щодо вдосконалення спрощеної системи оподаткування в Україні.
Inclusione sociale delle/dei richiedenti asilo, forza e ambivalenze delle "buone pratiche" autorganizzate
Authors: Firouzi Tabar Omid
Published: February 2021

Una lunga ricerca etnografica svoltasi tra il 2015 ed il 2018 a Padova e Provincia, ha porta-to a galla numerose criticità legate all'organizzazione dell'accoglienza dei richiedenti asilo. È stato osservato che la violazione dei diritti emerge nettamente su quelle pratiche di "buona accoglienza" orientate all'implementazione dell'autonomia dei beneficiari e a una loro inclu-sione sociale improntata alla valorizzazione della loro agency e autodeterminazione. In que-sto quadro emergenziale, i richiedenti asilo si trovano ora esposti a forme di violenta segre-gazione e marginalizzazione ora alle prese con la fruizione delle rare risorse "inclusive", spesso subordinata alla completa osservanza delle linee di condotta e disciplinamento stabili-te dalle strutture ospitanti e dalla disponibilità allo svolgimento di lavori bassamente qualifi-cati e sottopagati. In questo contesto paradigma sicuritario e umanitario tendono spesso a intrecciarsi. I confini e le pareti dell'accoglienza però, sia quelle materiali che quelle simboliche, sono spesso flessibili e porose. Negli ultimi anni abbiamo infatti assistito a crescenti processi di "fuoriuscita", volontaria e forzata, dal circuito, un fenomeno recentemente acuito dall'abrogazione della protezione umanitaria e dalla impossibilità del rinnovo della stessa (Legge 132/2018), provvedimenti che espongono i migranti a nuove forme di irregolarizza-zione e allo stesso tempo a dinamiche di invisibilizzazione e stigmatizzazione sociale. Questa progressiva permeabilità delle pareti dell'accoglienza ci pone sempre più l'urgenza di inda-gare a fondo le relazioni tra questi soggetti, le istituzioni e gli attori sociali che abitano il territorio. A partire da questo proviamo a guardare al ruolo rappresentato da alcune "buone pratiche" autorganizzate dal basso, cercando di capire come esse si misurino con il rischio di ripro-durre a loro volta paternalismo e infantilizzazione, tipici ingredienti del modello "assimila-zionista" e quanto riescano invece a mettere al centro l'autonomia dei soggetti intercettati.
The aporia of the European myth. How LGBTI+ migrants are stranded in the Italian reception system
Authors: Hilário Pascoal Rafaela
Published: February 2021

Considering the increase of migrants and the development of a new type of reception system, oriented towards providing standardised, homogeneous assistance, this article questions the effects that the prevalence of "prima accoglienza" reception systems have on the identification and assistance of SOGI (sexual orientation and gender identity) migrants. Their approach, based on the supply of basic needs, tends to ignore the particular needs of SOGI migrants, as well as overlook the high risk of violence within the reception centres. Therefore, this article aims at evaluating the impact of this approach on the vulnerability of SOGI migrants.
Environmental Education and its relationship with Solid Waste in the High School Miguel Grau from the Paramonga district [Educación Ambiental y su relación con los Residuos Sólidos en la I.E. Miguel Grau del distrito de Paramonga]
Authors: Tamay Felipa Wilfredo , More López Jesús , Yovera Saldarriaga José , Rodriguez Espinoza Ronald , Sánchez Moreno Diómedes , Ipanaqué Roña Juan , Cruz Nieto Dante , Castro Bartolomé Héctor
Published: February 2021

This research seeks relationship between Environmental Education and solid waste in the High School Miguel Grau from the Paramonga district, Barranca province. It is worth mentioning that a schedule was developed with the participation of the principal, students, teachers, administrative staff and APAFA. The general objective is to determine how environmental education influences students. During the development of the investigation, a sample of 30 students was taken and questions were asked about recycling, segregation, final disposal and care of the environment. It is a basic cross-sectional type and a descriptive-correlational design was used. The data obtained were processed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Determining the answers to the questions that the majority throws the garbage in the classroom with 40%, throws it in the yard with 36.7%, there is no bin presence 96.6%, does not use a bin 96.6%, does not recycle the garbage 96.6%; in solid waste classification, the majority classify solid, liquid and gaseous 76.67%, organic and inorganic 76.7%, dangerous and non-dangerous with 83.3%, domiciliary with 50%; After learning about environmental care, the results were obtained from the cylinders to be taken to the landfill with 83.3% and organic waste with 50%; in environmental awareness, the majority throws in the cylinders with 66.7% and the presence of cans with 96.7%. What is interpreted that the student becomes aware in the care of the environment and recycles.
Observations on the Distribution and Status of Selected Nebraska Mammals
Authors: Roehrs Zachary , Benedict Russell , Labedz Thomas , Genoways Hugh
Published: February 2021

Information on the distribution and current status of 25 species or subspecies of mammals occurring in Nebraska are presented. The species covered include one shrew, an armadillo, eight bats, 10 rodents (including two subspecies of one species), three carnivores, and one artiodactyl. Distributional information reported includes the first state record for one species (Sorex nanus) and new county records for 18 species. In Nebraska, we know that mammals are shifting their geographic ranges with some extending populations into the state, whereas others are expanding their geographic ranges within the state. The current status of six additional mammalian taxa in Nebraska is documented, providing knowledge important to the conservation of these species during this time of shifting environmental conditions. The concern is that some mammals have suffered population declines since the 1940s and may have a contracting geographic range as well in the state. These species would be endangered and could be lost to the mammalian fauna of the state. Extensive data on reproduction in these mammals are presented and the taxonomy of species is updated from the 1964 Mammals of Nebraska by Jones.
CLASSIFICATION OF SHORT POSSESSIVE CLITIC PRONOUN NYA IN MALAY TEXT TO SUPPORT ANAPHOR CANDIDATE DETERMINATION
Authors: Mohd Noor Noor Huzaimi@Karimah , Mohd Noah Shahrul Azman , Ab Aziz Mohd Juzaiddin
Published: February 2021

Anaphor candidate determination is an important process in anaphora resolution (AR) systems. There are several types of anaphor, one of which is pronominal anaphor. Pronominal anaphor is an anaphor that involves pronouns. In some of the cases, certain pronouns can be used without referring to any situation or entity in a text, and this phenomenon is known as pleonastic. In the case of the Malay language, it usually occurs for the pronoun nya. The pleonastic that exists in every text causes a severe problem to the anaphora resolution systems. The process to determine the pleonastic nya is not the same as identifying the pleonastic â€˜itâ€™ in the English language, where the syntactic pattern could not be used because the structure of nya comes at the end of a word. As an alternative, semantic classes are used to identify the pleonastic itself and the anaphoric nya. In this paper, the automatic semantic tag was used to determine the type of nya, which at the same time could determine nya as an anaphor candidate. The new algorithms and MalayAR architecture were proposed. The results of the F-measure showed the detection of clitic nya as a separate word achieved a perfect 100% result. In comparison, the clitic nya as a pleonastic achieved 88%, clitic nya referring to humans achieved 94%, and clitic nya referring to non-humans achieved 63%. The results showed that the proposed algorithms were acceptable to solve the issue of the clitic nya as pleonastic, human referral as well as non-human referral.