bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fine-Resolved, Near-Coastal Spatiotemporal Variation of Temperature in Response to Insolation
Authors: Vercauteren Nikki , Destouni Georgia , Dahlberg Carl Johan , Hylander Kristoffer
Published: December 2012

This study uses GIS-based modeling of incoming solar radiation to quantify fine-resolved spatiotemporal responses of monthly average temperature, and diurnal temperature variation, at different times and locations within a field study area located on the eastern coast of Sweden. Near-surface temperatures are measured by a network of temperature sensors during the spring and summer of 2011 and then used as the basis for model development and testing. The modeling of finescale spatiotemporal variation considers topography, distance from the sea, and observed variations in atmospheric conditions, accounting for site latitude, elevation, surface orientation, daily and seasonal shifts in sun angle, and effects of shadows from surrounding topography. The authors find a lag time between insolation and subsequent temperature response that follows an exponential decay from coastal to inland locations. They further develop a linear regression model that accounts for this lag time in quantifying fine-resolved spatiotemporal temperature evolution. This model applies in the considered growing season for spatial distribution across the studied near-coastal landscape.
Impacts of Atmospheric Temperature Trends on Tropical Cyclone Activity
Authors: Vecchi Gabriel A. , Fueglistaler Stephan , Held Isaac M. , Knutson Thomas R. , Zhao Ming
Published: December 2012

Impacts of tropical temperature changes in the upper troposphere (UT) and the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) on tropical cyclone (TC) activity are explored. UT and lower TTL cooling both lead to an overall increase in potential intensity (PI), while temperature changes at 70 hPa and higher have negligible effect. Idealized experiments with a high-resolution global model show that lower temperatures in the UT are associated with increases in global and North Atlantic TC frequency, but modeled TC frequency changes are not significantly affected by TTL temperature changes nor do they scale directly with PI.

Future projections of hurricane activity have been made with models that simulate the recent upward Atlantic TC trends while assuming or simulating very different tropical temperature trends. Recent Atlantic TC trends have been simulated by (i) high-resolution global models with nearly moist-adiabatic warming profiles and (ii) regional TC downscaling systems that impose the very strong UT and TTL trends of the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis, an outlier among observational estimates. The impact of these differences in temperature trends on TC activity is comparable to observed TC changes, affecting assessments of the connection between hurricanes and climate. Therefore, understanding the character of and mechanisms behind changes in UT and TTL temperature is important to understanding past and projecting future TC activity changes. The UT and TTL temperature trends in the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis are unlikely to be accurate and likely drive spuriously positive TC and PI trends and an inflated connection between absolute surface temperature warming and TC activity increases.
Multidecadal Climate Variability and the “Warming Hole” in North America: Results from CMIP5 Twentieth- and Twenty-First-Century Climate Simulations*
Authors: Kumar Sanjiv , Kinter James , Dirmeyer Paul A. , Pan Zaitao , Adams Jennifer
Published: December 2012

The ability of phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) climate models to simulate the twentieth-century “warming hole” over North America is explored, along with the warming hole’s relationship with natural climate variability. Twenty-first-century warming hole projections are also examined for two future emission scenarios, the 8.5 and 4.5 W m−2 representative concentration pathways (RCP8.5 and RCP4.5). Simulations from 22 CMIP5 climate models were analyzed, including all their ensemble members, for a total of 192 climate realizations. A nonparametric trend detection method was employed, and an alternative perspective emphasizing trend variability. Observations show multidecadal variability in the sign and magnitude of the trend, where the twentieth-century temperature trend over the eastern United States appears to be associated with low-frequency (multidecadal) variability in the North Atlantic temperatures. Most CMIP5 climate models simulate significantly lower “relative power” in the North Atlantic multidecadal oscillations than observed. Models that have relatively higher skill in simulating the North Atlantic multidecadal oscillation also are more likely to reproduce the warming hole. It was also found that the trend variability envelope simulated by multiple CMIP5 climate models brackets the observed warming hole. Based on the multimodel analysis, it is found that in the twenty-first-century climate simulations the presence or absence of the warming hole depends on future emission scenarios; the RCP8.5 scenario indicates a disappearance of the warming hole, whereas the RCP4.5 scenario shows some chance (10%–20%) of the warming hole’s reappearance in the latter half of the twenty-first century, consistent with CO2 stabilization.
The Polar Marine Climate Revisited
Authors: Ballinger Thomas J. , Schmidlin Thomas W. , Steinhoff Daniel F.
Published: December 2012

As an additional classification to Köppen’s climate classification for polar (E) climates, the Polar Marine (EM) climate was presented nearly five decades ago and is revisited in this paper. The EM climate was traced to the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Southern Ocean and recognized as wet, cloudy, and windy, especially during winter. These areas by definition are encompassed by monthly mean air temperatures of −6.7°C (20°F) and 10°C (50°F) in the coldest and warmest months of the annual cycle, respectively. Here three global reanalyses [ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim), Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), and Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) 25-yr reanalysis (JRA-25)] are used to produce a modern depiction of EM climate. General agreement is found between original and new EM boundaries, for which the poleward boundary can be approximated by the winter sea ice maximum and the equatorward boundary by the warmest month SSTs. Variability of these parameters is shown to largely dictate the EM area. A downward trend in global EM areal extent for 1979–2010 (−42.4 × 109 m2 yr−1) is dominated by the negative Northern Hemisphere (NH) EM trend (−45.7 × 109 m2 yr−1), whereas the Southern Hemisphere (SH) EM areal trend is insignificant. This observed reduction in NH EM areal extent of roughly 20% over the past three decades, largely from losses at the equatorward boundaries of these biologically rich EM zones, may not be fully compensated by poleward shifts in the EM environment due to projected warming and sea ice decline in the twenty-first century.
Fantasies about work as limitless potential – how managers and employees seduce each other through dynamics of mutual recognition
Authors: Ekman Susanne
Published: December 2012

This article draws on combinations of discourse theory and Lacanian theory to study the role of fantasies in creative knowledge work. It attempts to nuance a number of critical Lacanian studies that emphasize how management and HRM practices exploit the seductive, yet disciplining, effects of fantasies to increase worker commitment. In contrast, empirical data from fieldwork in two creative industries are used to show how employees also ensnare and discipline their managers based on the same fantasmatic dynamics. The article argues that both managers and employees avoid concrete definitions of responsibility in favor of intense mutual recognition. This allows them to pursue a shared fantasy about limitless potential (financial and existential) realized via work. This dynamic of recognition renders both parties more vulnerable towards each other and makes both parties resist attempts at moderation. The question of power and exploitation thus becomes highly muddled.
Preparing for Democracy
Authors: Shiller Jessica T.
Published: December 2012

The National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP) shows a civic knowledge gap similar to the achievement gap, showing urban youth struggling in particular. However, research has shown that urban youth can be civically engaged when they are involved in projects or organizing intended to improve community conditions, not simply absorbing civic knowledge. This article shares findings from case studies of two Bronx-based community organizations that have successful models of civic engagement with urban youth. The findings reveal the practices that the adults use in the organizations to get urban youth civically engaged and to develop a “civic identity.”
The Clash of Spatializations
Authors: Hesketh Chris
Published: December 2012

In southern Mexico today there is a clash between two spatial projects that are increasingly inimical to one another. On the one hand, capital is seeking to expand and transform the region into a new pole of accumulation. On the other hand, indigenous communities are vigorously struggling against the dispossession that this would entail and defending their claims to territory, often through the conscious creation of “counter-spaces.” In doing so, they are raising fundamental questions about the meaning of democracy, development, and multiculturalism and the role of class struggle in informing these issues.

En el sur de México hoy día hay un choque entre dos proyectos espaciales que aumentan en su enemistad. Por una parte, el capital busca expandirse y transformar la región en un nuevo polo de acumulación. Por otra parte, las comunidades indígenas luchan con vigor contra la desposesión que esto ocasionaría y defienden sus derechos territoriales, a menudo por medio de la creación consciente de “contra-espacios.” En hacerlo, plantean interrogatorios fundamentales sobre el significado de la democracia, el desarrollo y el multiculturalismo y el papel de la lucha de clases en informar a estas problemas.
Race of Interviewer Effect on Disclosures of Suicidal Low-Income African American Women
Authors: Samples Tara C. , Woods Amanda , Davis Telsie A. , Rhodes Miesha , Shahane Amit , Kaslow Nadine J.
Published: December 2012

Few studies have investigated the impact of interviewer race on the results gleaned through psychological assessment. African American and European American clinical evaluators conducted face-to-face interviews with 161 low-income African American women seeking services at an inner-city hospital following a suicide attempt. Participants were administered measures related to various current life stressors, including the Survey for Recent Life Events, which assesses various forms of daily hassles, and the Index of Spouse Abuse, which taps both physical and nonphysical intimate partner violence (IPV). Multivariate analyses of variance revealed a significant difference on the participants’ reports of daily hassles and IPV to African Americanand European American evaluators. With regard to overall life stress, African American women reported higher levels of total life stress, time pressure stress, social acceptability stress, and social victimization to African American than in European American–led interviews. They also endorsed higher levels of both physical and nonphysical IPV to interviewers of the same race as themselves as compared with interviewers from a different racial background. There were no group differences in terms of work stress, sociocultural differences, and finances. The findings underscore the saliency of interviewer race as a source of nonrandom measurement error capable of influencing statistical results. Implications of ignoring race of interviewer effects in analysis are explored and suggestions are offered in terms of culturally responsive assessment processes.
Constructing weather data for building simulation considering urban heat island
Authors: Ren Z , Wang X , Chen D , Wang C , Thatcher M
Published: December 2012

This study proposed a method to construct urban hourly weather data by adopting the ‘morphing’ approach considering urban heat islands. The method starts with the surrounding rural weather as the ‘baseline climate’ and an Urban Canopy Model is used to provide the differences in the monthly average values of major climate parameters due to urban heat islands. The ‘baseline climate’ is then morphed to generate the urban hourly weather file for building simulations. It was demonstrated that the constructed hourly weather data agree well with the observations. When used for building thermal simulations, the differences between the proposed approach and the observation in the total energy requirement of space heating and cooling and heat stress risk index were within 5% and 1.0℃, respectively.

Practical applications: The proposed approach will allow academics and building engineers to construct realistic urban hourly weather data to analyse the impacts of urban heat islands on energy requirements and thermal stress for different urban planning and design options.
Influence of channel geometry on water levels above siphonic roof outlets
Authors: Beecham Simon , Lucke Terry
Published: December 2012

This paper describes a full-scale experimental investigation into the effects of box gutter geometry on the open channel flow conditions above siphonic roofwater outlets. In particular, the effects of channel width (300, 400, 480 and 600 mm) and length (14.86 and 32.00 m) were investigated through measurements of flow rate, water depth and longitudinal velocity in the box gutter. The experimental results showed that for the same outlet flow rate, the depth of water in the gutter varied by up to 211% for the two different gutter lengths tested. Generally, the greatest water depths for the different flow rates were recorded in the 400-mm wide gutter and the lowest water depths were recorded in the 300-mm wide gutter. It was also found that the maximum flow rate through the single 110-mm diameter outlet varied depending on the width of the gutter.

Practical application: The depth of water in the open channel box gutters above the outlets of siphonic drainage systems is an important design variable and it is imperative to be able to accurately estimate these water depths during all phases of operation to reduce flood damage risk. This research study has found that for the same flow rate, varying the length of gutter on either side of a siphonic outlet strongly influences the depth of water along the gutter and above the outlet. The results suggest that there may be an optimum gutter width and length for which different siphonic outlets may perform more efficiently.
Quick performance prediction for internally cooled/heated liquid desiccant dehumidification system
Authors: Qi Ronghui , Lu Lin , Yang Hongxing
Published: December 2012

Predicting the performance of internally cooled/heated liquid desiccant dehumidification system is complicated, which requires a large number of iterative calculations. This article numerically developed a quick prediction method for falling film dehumidifiers and regenerators in internally cooled/heated liquid desiccant dehumidification system by non-linear regressions, to predict the mass transfer performance directly with design variables, including inlet parameters of fluids (air, desiccant, and heating/cooling fluid) and system configuration (size, air channel thickness wetting factor, and flow pattern). The LiCl and water were chosen as the solution and cooling/heating fluid. Comparison shows that differences between our results and those by existing mathematical models are acceptable, with an average absolute error of 8.0% for dehumidifiers and 5.2% for regenerators. The prediction results also appear similar with previous experiment data, showing errors of less than 10%. The solution temperature has the greatest impact on moisture effectiveness and removal rate of internally cooled/heated liquid desiccant dehumidification system. Air humidity, air flow rate, solution concentration, and solution flow rate also significantly influence the system performance. Considering the limitations of practical projects, two more simplified equations with lower but acceptable accuracy were developed. This prediction method is very useful for researches and practical applications concerning the dynamic system performance.
Familismo and Its Impact on the Family Caregiving of Latinos With Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Gelman Caroline Rosenthal
Published: December 2012

Despite the long-held view that Latinos’ value and reliance on family leads to greater involvement of extended family in caring for sick members and reduced perception of burden, some research reports low levels of social support and high levels of distress among Latino caregivers. We explore this seeming discrepancy in a qualitative study of 41 Latino caregivers of family members with Alzheimer’s disease, interviewing them regarding the role of familism in their caregiving experience. For some it facilitates caregiving in the traditional, expected manner. Other caregivers disavow its current relevance. Yet others feel a contrast between familism, which they may value in a general, abstract way and more personal, immediate negative feelings they are experiencing from caregiving. We discuss these complex, multidimensional findings, the variation among caregivers, and present implications for practice, policy, and research.
Demographics of the library and information profession in Kuwait
Authors: Alqudsi-ghabra Taghreed , Al-Muomen Nujoud
Published: December 2012

In feminized professions like library and information science, it is surprising that examining the status of gender within the field and as part of the sociology of the profession has been evaded in the literature generally. This study looks at women LIS alumni in Kuwait as a subpopulation and also investigates gender relevant issues. Based on the results of a questionnaire survey and phenomenological discussion groups, the paper discuses issues such as employment, management, academic positions, and ICT skills, in addition to barriers to professional progression. Other issues, such as professional development and lifelong learning skills, curricular changes in MLIS, title of the MLIS and image of the profession and finally career positions and salaries of the professional LIS community are discussed in light of the experience of the MLIS alumni in Kuwait. This paper is a complement to the authors’ paper, ‘Library and information science alumni of Kuwait University: Tracking positions and functions’ ( IFLA Journal 38(3): 111–122).
Arthroscopic Retrograde Osteochondral Autograft Transplantation for Cartilage Lesions of the Tibial Plateau
Authors: Wajsfisz Anthony , Makridis Konstantinos G. , Djian Patrick
Published: December 2012

Background:

There are only 2 reported cases of arthroscopic retrograde osteochondral autograft transplantations regarding tibial plateau cartilage defects.

Purpose:

To present a detailed description of arthroscopic retrograde osteochondral autograft transplantation of the tibial plateau as well as to provide its advantages and disadvantages in comparison with other techniques.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Four patients (3 men and 1 woman; mean age, 31.2 years) suffering from tibial plateau cartilage lesions underwent surgery. In each case, the lesions were caused by sports injuries. There were 3 lateral and 1 medial tibial plateau defects. The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively. Radiological assessment was made by plain radiographs, CT arthroscans, and MRI.

Results:

The mean follow-up was 55 months (range, 52-60). The mean preoperative IKDC score was 53.5 (range, 37-66), while the mean postoperative IKDC score at final follow-up was 95.4 (range, 93.1-97.7). Regarding the KOOS calculation, there was significant improvement concerning each parameter after surgery. All patients were satisfied with the surgical procedure and returned to their previous activity level. Postoperative imaging showed very good adaptation and incorporation of the osteochondral autografts.

Conclusion:

Treatment of tibial plateau cartilage defects with arthroscopic retrograde osteochondral autograft transplantation could be performed on a routine basis in clinical practice. The results were encouraging and showed good incorporation of the graft, a minimal failure rate, and satisfactory functional outcomes of patients.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Transosseous Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Salata Michael J. , Sherman Seth L. , Lin Emery C. , Sershon Robert A. , Gupta Aman , Shewman Elizabeth , Wang Vincent M. , Cole Brian J. , Romeo Anthony A. , Verma Nikhil N.
Published: December 2012

Background:

Suture anchor fixation has become the preferred method for arthroscopic repairs of rotator cuff tears. Recently, newer arthroscopic repair techniques including transosseous-equivalent repairs with anchors or arthroscopic transosseous suture passage have been developed.

Purpose:

To compare the initial biomechanical performance including ultimate load to failure and localized cyclic elongation between transosseous-equivalent repair with anchors (TOE), traditional transosseous repair with a curved bone tunnel (TO), and an arthroscopic transosseous repair technique utilizing a simple (AT) or X-box suture configuration (ATX).

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Twenty-eight human cadaveric shoulders were dissected to create an isolated supraspinatus tear and randomized into 1 of 4 repair groups (TOE, TO, AT, ATX). Tensile testing was conducted to simulate the anatomic position of the supraspinatus with the arm in 60° of abduction and involved an initial preload, cyclic loading, and pull to failure. Localized elongation during testing was measured using optical tracking. Data were statistically assessed using analysis of variance with a Tukey post hoc test for multiple comparisons.

Results:

The TOE repair demonstrated a significantly higher mean ± SD failure load (558.4 ± 122.9 N) compared with the TO (325.3 ± 79.9 N), AT (291.7 ± 57.9 N), and ATX (388.5 ± 92.6 N) repairs ( P < .05). There was also a significantly larger amount of first-cycle excursion in the AT group (8.19 ± 1.85 mm) compared with the TOE group (5.10 ± 0.89 mm). There was no significant difference between repair groups in stiffness during maximum load to failure or in normalized cyclic elongation. Failure modes were as follows: TOE, tendon (n = 4) and bone (n = 3); TO, suture (n = 6) and bone (n = 1); AT, tendon (n = 2) and bone (n = 3) and suture (n = 1); ATX, tendon (n = 7).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that anchorless repair techniques using transosseous sutures result in significantly lower failure loads than a repair model utilizing anchors in a TOE construct.

Clinical Relevance:

Suture anchor repair appears to offer superior biomechanical properties to transosseous repairs regardless of tunnel or suture configuration.
India
Authors: Virmani Arvind
Published: December 2012

The article reviews and draws lessons from the experience of fast growing economies including a sub-set of these termed High Growth Economies (HGEs) with a decadal rate of over 7 per cent. It then reviews the history of the Indian growth acceleration following the reforms of the 1990s and its future prospects given the recent slowdown. It analysis the potential dangers and reasons for India’s growth slowdown and proposes policy reforms for sustaining fast growth.
Regulating Competition in ICT Value Networks
Authors: Prasad Rohit , Srivastava Shishir
Published: December 2012

The recent Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) norms on mergers and acquisitions (M&A) create a two-pronged upper bound for the merged entity based on spectrum share and market share. The spectrum share, defined in terms of share of second generation (2G) spectrum held, is set at a low level (25 per cent) and the market share at a high level (60 per cent). This severely restricts the M&A transactions possible, and also ignores the fact that since each subscriber is increasingly being serviced using a combination of 2G and third generation (3G) technologies, the definition of spectrum share cannot merely be restricted to 2G spectrum. Further, given the convergence of the computing and telecommunications industries and the creation of value networks of devices, service providers and applications to provide a seamless computing, telecommunications and entertainment interface to the consumer, one has to look at regulating the market power of networks rather than of industry silos. This article details the implications of the TRAI approach and shows the need for a new framework of regulation.
Extranodal follicular lymphoma in the lung of a free-ranging red deer (Cervus elaphus)
Authors: Chang Reissig Elizabeth , Valli Victor E. , Pesavento Patricia , Massone Adriana R. , Iovanitti Beatriz , Gimeno Eduardo J. , Uzal Francisco A.
Published: December 2012

A hunted free-ranging female red deer ( Cervus elaphus) from a region near the Nahuel Huapi National Park, Northern Patagonia, Argentina, had a focally extensive peribronchial lymphoid proliferative lesion in the lung characterized by formation of multiple follicles, with prominent germinal centers lacking mantle zone cells and antigen-related polarity. On examination of immunohistochemically stained tissues, a predominance of B cells (cluster of differentiation [CD]20 positive) with only a few scattered T cells (CD3 positive) were present. The histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics are consistent with follicular lymphoma, which is frequently seen in human beings and less frequently in domestic animals.
Peer Involvement in Adolescent Dating Violence
Authors: Stephenson Pam S. , Martsolf Donna , Draucker Claire Burke
Published: December 2012

This study investigated the ways in which peers are involved in adolescent dating violence. Eighty-eight young adults aged 18–21 were interviewed and asked to reflect on aggressive dating relationships they experienced as teens. The researchers used grounded theory to analyze the data. Findings showed that male and female peers were involved in adolescent dating violence in unique ways. Male peers were involved in dating violence by participating in the aggression, agitating the aggression, being the competition, trivializing the aggression, and keeping tabs on the recipient. Female peers were involved in dating violence by deserting the recipient, cheating with the boyfriend, being the audience, needling the male dating partner, and helping the recipient. Male and female peers were involved similarly in adolescent dating violence by confronting the partner. School nurses working with adolescents are uniquely positioned to approach adolescents about dating violence. Interventions aimed at promoting discussions with adolescents are discussed.
Trying Out Acceleration for Mathematically Talented Fifth Graders
Authors: Maggio M. Raine , Sayler Micheal
Published: December 2012

Parents and schools often notice the need for addressing advanced mathematical performance in elementary students. Many gifted programs do not offer differentiated or accelerated mathematics as part of their elementary school options. In this report, the efforts of one school system to identify and serve the needs of highly mathematically able elementary students are reported. The process involved a multiple pilot program with increasing levels of involvement across the district over a 3-year period. Initially, a small group of students were allowed modest acceleration at one school. After each of the first 2 years, the identification and acceleration practices were refined. In the 3rd year, the program option was offered to students across the entire district.
Multicultural Issues
Authors: Ford Donna Y.
Published: December 2012

Gifted education has been criticized for the persistent underrepresentation of Black and Hispanic students. Many explanations have been advanced, including teacher underreferral, test bias and unfairness, and discriminatory policies and procedures (e.g., criteria), to name a few. Themes permeating the aforementioned explanations have been low expectations for Hispanic and Black students, and inadequate preparation among educators and decision makers to be culturally responsive to their issues and needs. In this column, I propose that a great deal of the factors that contribute to and/or exacerbate underrepresentation rest in the painful reality of prejudice and that both intentional and unintentional prejudice must be considered and addressed for progress and equitable change(s) to occur. Two models of prejudice are presented that shed light on different types and degrees of prejudice, with implications for gifted education specifically. This discussion is followed by suggestions grounded in intergroup contact theory.
Curriculum Issues
Authors: VanTassel-Baska Joyce
Published: December 2012

This column expresses ideas on curriculum, instruction, and assessment that provide assistance to practitioners responsible for planning and implementing programs for the gifted. The article featured here addresses the author’s perspective on the biggest curriculum problems in the field and offers ideas for resolution of those problems. It is written, using a problem-based learning format, to highlight one of the highly effective approaches that gifted educators may use to organize and carry out curriculum for the gifted.
Prevention of conglomerate formation in not-from-concentrate single-cultivar cloudy apple juice by using different treatment methods
Authors: Schnürer Monika , Vogl Karl , Gössinger Manfred
Published: December 2012

Conglomerates may form at the bottom of bottles containing not-from-concentrate (NFC) cloudy apple juice obtained from a single apple cultivar. Since dissociation or dispersion of these conglomerates cannot be achieved by shaking, the juice appears unsightly, and consumers can mistake the product as being spoilt. Juice from Elstar and Braeburn apples was treated with selected enzymes (gluco-amylase, alpha-amylase, pectin lyase, polygalacturonase and protease) and by using bentonite and a separator. The effects of these treatments on the formation of conglomerates in cloudy apple juice have been studied, and the treatment effects on turbidity and cloud stability have been documented. Conglomerates were observed in juices treated with protease or bentonite and in control juices. However, no conglomerates were observed in the juice samples treated with gluco-amylase, alpha-amylase, pectin lyase or pectin lyase in combination with polygalacturonase. The results obtained after treatment with a separator were not consistent. It is supposed that carbohydrate fractions play a more important role in conglomerate formation than proteins and phenols. Gluco-amylase and alpha-amylase treatment also provides good cloud stability, and thus can be a suitable method for preventing conglomerate formation in single-cultivar NFC cloudy apple juice.
Linear viscoelastic behaviour of oil-in-water food emulsions stabilised by tuna-protein isolates
Authors: Ruiz-Márquez D , Partal P , Franco JM , Gallegos C
Published: December 2012

This work deals with the manufacture of oil-in-water food emulsions stabilised by tuna proteins. The influence of protein and oil concentrations on the linear viscoelastic properties and microstructure of these emulsions was analysed. Stable emulsions with suitable linear viscoelastic response and microstructural characteristics were formulated with 70 wt.% oil and, at least, 0.25 wt.% tuna protein. Similarly, emulsions with oil concentrations between 45 and 70 wt.% were prepared using 0.50 wt.% protein. All these emulsions showed a predominantly elastic response in the linear viscoelastic region and a well-developed plateau region in its mechanical spectrum. Rheological and droplet size distribution results pointed out an extensive droplet flocculation, due to interactions among emulsifier molecules located at the oil–water interface of adjacent droplets. As a result, the linear viscoelastic behaviour was controlled by protein–protein interactions, allowing the use of the plateau modulus to successfully normalise both the storage and loss moduli as a function of frequency onto a master curve, irrespective of the selected emulsion formulation.
Differences Between Juvenile Offenders With and Without AD(H)D in Recidivism Rates and Risk and Protective Factors for Recidivism
Authors: van der Put Claudia E. , Asscher Jessica J. , Stams Geert Jan J. M.
Published: December 2012

Objective: This study examined differences between juvenile offenders with AD(H)D ( n = 1,348), with both AD(H)D and conduct problems ( n = 933), and without AD(H)D or conduct problems ( n = 2,180) in recidivism rates, prevalence of risk and protective factors, and strength of associations between risk/protective factors and recidivism. Method: Existing data were used, collected with the Washington State Juvenile Court Assessment. ANOVA, Pearson correlations, and Fisher’s z tests were calculated. Results: Recidivism was highest in the AD(H)D-comorbid group, followed by the AD(H)D-only group and lowest in the comparison group. In offenders with AD(H)D, especially comorbid AD(H)D, the number of risk factors was considerably larger than the number of protective factors, whereas the number of risk and protective factors was the same in the comparison group. Conclusion: Juvenile offenders with AD(H)D may benefit most from interventions that focus on risk and protective factors in multiple domains.
Social–Cognitive Predictors of Low-Income Parents’ Restriction of Screen Time Among Preschool-Aged Children
Authors: Lampard Amy M. , Jurkowski Janine M. , Davison Kirsten K.
Published: December 2012

Parents’ rules regarding child television, DVD, video game, and computer use (screen time) have been associated with lower screen use in children. This study aimed to identify modifiable correlates of this behavior by examining social–cognitive predictors of parents’ restriction of child screen time. Low-income parents ( N = 147) of preschool-aged children (2-6 years) completed self-administered questionnaires examining parent and child screen time, parent restriction of screen time, self-efficacy to restrict screen time, and beliefs about screen time. Structural equation modeling results indicated that greater self-efficacy to restrict screen time (β = .29, p = .016) and greater perceived importance of restricting child screen use (β = .55, p < .001) were associated with greater restriction of child screen use, after controlling for parent screen time. Family-based interventions that consider broader attitudinal factors around child screen time may be necessary to engage parents in restricting screen use.
Boosting the Reading Levels and Attitudes of Young People who have Offended: A Review of the Evidence and the Lessons Learnt from an Evaluation of TextNow
Authors: Brooks Greg , Tarling Roger
Published: December 2012

This article draws together the existing evidence which indicates that young offenders coming to the attention of the criminal justice system are very much below national reading levels. It then reviews the effectiveness of initiatives designed to improve the literacy skills of this group. The article then presents the results of an evaluation of TextNow, by analysing data on 230 young people who were known to have offended and participated in the programme. Both reading levels and reading attitudes improved. The article concludes by drawing the lessons learnt from the programme; regarding the length of the programme, its content and mode of delivery, and the importance of rewarding participation and progress.
Bullying Enters the 21st Century? Turning a Critical Eye to Cyber-bullying Research
Authors: Cesaroni Carla , Downing Steven , Alvi Shahid
Published: December 2012

Current concerns around cyber-bullying emphasize child-victims and have prompted calls for understanding and reaction to an alleged new type of child-offender. Though there is little doubt that cyber-bullying is a phenomenon with potential for real harm, there remain a number of critical gaps in the cyber-bullying literature. This article has two primary goals: a) to confront some methodological issues surrounding the study of cyber-bullying; and b) to draw attention to the potential of established criminological theories of delinquency for explaining cyber-bullying.
Hypotensive Syndromes Are Not Associated With Cognitive Impairment in Geriatric Patients
Authors: Schoon Yvonne , Lagro Joep , Verhoeven Yolanda , Rikkert Marcel Olde , Claassen Jurgen
Published: December 2012

To investigate the association of the hypotensive syndromes orthostatic hypotension (OH), postprandial hypotension (PPH), and carotid sinus hypersensitivity (CSH) with cognitive impairment (mild cognitive impairment/dementia). Continuous measurements of blood pressure (Finapres) were performed during active standing, meal test, and carotid sinus massage, among 184 elderly patients presenting with falls. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia were diagnosed following a multidisciplinary assessment. The study design was a retrospective cohort study. The OH, PPH, and CSH were observed in 104 (58%), 108 (64%), and 78 (51%) patients, respectively. A total of 79 (43%) patients were cognitively impaired (MCI impairment n = 44; dementia n = 35). The prevalence of cognitive impairment varied little across the hypotensive syndromes (32%-43%) and was similar in patients with and without hypotensive syndromes ( P = .59). In this geriatric population with a high prevalence of both hypotensive syndromes and cognitive impairment, patients with one or more hypotensive syndromes were not likely to have cognitive impairment.
Histone Deacetylases Enzyme, Copper, and IL-8 Levels in Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Alsadany Mohamad A. , Shehata Hanan H. , Mohamad Magda I. , Mahfouz Riham G.
Published: December 2012

Background:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of cognitive abilities. Epigenetic modification, oxidative stress, and inflammation play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. We aimed to detect noninvasive peripheral biomarkers with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis and progression of AD.

Methods:

A total of 25 elderly patients with AD and 25 healthy control participants were selected and subjected to cognitive assessment and laboratory measures including histone deacetylases (HDACs), copper, and interleukin 8 (IL-8) levels.

Results:

The levels of HDACs, copper, and IL-8 were significantly higher in patients with AD ( P < .001) and had a significant negative effect on all cognitive assessment tests. Receiver–operating curve (ROC) analysis revealed that HDACs and copper levels had higher sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusions:

Plasma levels of HDACs and copper may be used as peripheral biomarkers in diagnosis of AD, while IL-8 level could be a useful biomarker in following AD progression.
Traumatic Subscapularis Tendon Tear in an Adolescent American Football Player
Authors: Gibson Margaret E. , Gurley Daniel , Trenhaile Scott
Published: December 2012

Isolated traumatic subscapularis tendon tears are uncommon at any age. In adolescent patients, this type of injury is even more infrequent and usually presents as a bony avulsion of the lesser tuberosity. This report reviews a case of an adolescent American football player sustaining a posterior impact to an abducted, extended arm that resulted in an isolated subscapularis tendon tear. Magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder revealed an isolated subscapularis tear retracted 1.6 cm without bony avulsion from the lesser tuberosity. Surgical repair was performed with 2 biocomposite absorbable anchors in the lesser tuberosity. The patient returned to basketball 12 weeks after surgery. This case illustrates that a high index of suspicion is required for an appropriate diagnosis in young athletes.
Dysfunction of the PI3 kinase/Rap1/integrin αIIbβ3 pathway underlies ex vivo platelet hypoactivity in essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Moore Samantha F. , Hunter Roger W. , Harper Matthew T. , Savage Joshua S. , Siddiq Samreen , Westbury Sarah K. , Poole Alastair W. , Mumford Andrew D. , Hers Ingeborg
Published: December 2012

Key Points

Platelets from essential thrombocythemia patients have an intrinsic impairment in the P13kinase/Rap1/integrin αIIbβ3 signaling pathway. This explains the clinical observation that in vitro platelet aggregation is impaired in patients with essential thrombocythemia.
Distinct characteristics of antibody responses against factor VIII in healthy individuals and in different cohorts of hemophilia A patients
Authors: Whelan Shawn F. J. , Hofbauer Christoph J. , Horling Frank M. , Allacher Peter , Wolfsegger Martin J. , Oldenburg Johannes , Male Christoph , Windyga Jerzy , Tiede Andreas , Schwarz Hans Peter , Scheiflinger Friedrich , Reipert Birgit M.
Published: December 2012

Key Points

Antibodies against factor VIII show distinct characteristics in healthy individuals and different cohorts of hemophilia A patients. IgG4 antibodies against FVIII are only found in patients with inhibitors but not in healthy individuals or patients without inhibitors.
A novel role of BMP4 in adult hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell homing via Smad independent regulation of integrin-α4 expression
Authors: Khurana Satish , Buckley Shannon , Schouteden Sarah , Ekker Stephen , Petryk Anna , Delforge Michel , Zwijsen An , Verfaillie Catherine M.
Published: December 2012

Key Points

Cytokine-induced loss of murine as well as human HSPC homing during ex vivo culture can be prevented by addition of BMP4. In HSPCs, BMP4 directly regulates Integrin-α4 expression through SMAD-independent p38 MAPK-mediated signaling.
A catalytically inactive mutant of the deubiquitylase YOD-1 enhances antigen cross-presentation
Authors: Sehrawat Sharvan , Koenig Paul-Albert , Kirak Oktay , Schlieker Christian , Fankhauser Manuel , Ploegh Hidde L.
Published: December 2012

Key Points

Antigen cross-presentation is regulated by the activity of deubiquitylase YOD1 that influences the control of viral infections. The enhanced cross-presentation depends on the proteasomal activity and the acidification status of APCs but is independent of functional TAP1.
Inhibitory KIR/HLA incompatibility between sexual partners confers protection against HIV-1 transmission
Authors: Jennes Wim , Verheyden Sonja , Mertens Julie W. , Camara Makhtar , Seydi Moussa , Dieye Tandakha N. , Mboup Souleymane , Demanet Christian , Kestens Luc
Published: December 2012

Key Points

HIV-1 transmission is influenced by the compatibility of sexual partners for two immune system genes, KIR and HLA. KIR/HLA incompatibility likely allows alloreactive NK cells from the exposed partner to reject incoming cells from the HIV-1–infected partner.
The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on the quality of life of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: multi-center design and study protocol (KL!C- study)
Authors: Evertsz’ Floor Bennebroek , Bockting Claudi LH , Stokkers Pieter CF , Hinnen Chris , Sanderman Robbert , Sprangers Mirjam AG
Published: December 2012

Background

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients report poorer quality of life (QoL) and more anxiety and depressive symptoms than controls from the general population. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective for anxiety and depression, but questionable in case of co-morbidity with IBD. Therefore, an adapted new CBT specifically designed for IBD patients was developed. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of adapted CBT on QoL.

Methods/design

IBD patients with a poor level of mental QoL (score less than or equal to 23 on the mental health scale of SF-36) will be randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 40) or waiting-list control condition (n = 40). The experimental condition will then immediately start CBT. The waiting-list control condition will wait 3,5 months before CBT begins with pre- and post assessments. Both conditions will complete a baseline and follow-up assessment following CBT and a mid-treatment assessment. The primary outcome is IBD-specific QoL (IBDQ). Secondary outcomes are generic QoL (SF-36) and anxiety and depression complaints (HADS, CES-D). Additionally, we will examine the working mechanism of the psychological intervention by investigating the impact of the intervention on illness-related cognitions, attitudes, coping styles and their associations with outcome. Data will be analysed on an intention to treat (ITT) as well as treatment completer basis (greater than or equal to five sessions followed).

Discussion

If found effective, this IBD-specific CBT is a first step to enhance poor QoL in IBD patients and possibly, other gastroenterological diseases. By enhancing IBD patients’ QoL, we may also improve their mental and physical health, and lower unnecessary health care consumption.

Trial registration number

NTR (TC = 1869)
Regulation of lipid metabolism-related gene expression in whole blood cells of normo- and dyslipidemic men after fish oil supplementation
Authors: Schmidt Simone , Willers Janina , Stahl Frank , Mutz Kai-Oliver , Scheper Thomas , Hahn Andreas , Schuchardt Jan Philipp
Published: December 2012

Background

Beneficial effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on the lipid levels of dyslipidemic subjects are widely described in the literature. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of n-3 PUFAs on the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in normo- and dyslipidemic men to unveil potential genes and pathways affecting lipid metabolism.

Methods

Ten normo- and ten dyslipidemic men were supplemented for twelve weeks with six fish oil capsules per day, providing 1.14 g docosahexaenoic acid and 1.56 g eicosapentaenoic acid. The gene expression levels were determined by whole genome microarray analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results

Several transcription factors (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), retinoid X receptor (RXR) α, RXRγ, hepatic nuclear factor (HNF) 6, and HNF1ß) as well as other genes related to triacylglycerol (TG) synthesis or high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and cholesterol metabolism (phospholipids transfer protein, ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 5, 2-acylglycerol O-acyltransferase (MOGAT) 3, MOGAT2, diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1, sterol O-acyltransferase 1, apolipoprotein CII, and low-density lipoprotein receptor) were regulated after n-3 PUFA supplementation, especially in dyslipidemic men.

Conclusion

Gene expression analyses revealed several possible molecular pathways by which n-3 PUFAs lower the TG level and increase the HDL-C and low-density lipoprotein level, whereupon the regulation of PPARα appear to play a central role.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT01089231)
Management of degenerative rotator cuff tears: a review and treatment strategy
Authors: Clement Nicholas D , Nie Yuan X , McBirnie Julie M
Published: December 2012

The aim of this review was to present an over view of degenerative rotator cuff tears and a suggested management protocol based upon current evidence. Degenerative rotator cuff tears are common and are a major cause of pain and shoulder dysfunction. The management of these tears is controversial, as to whether they should be managed non-operatively or operatively. In addition when operative intervention is undertaken, there is question as to what technique of repair should be used. This review describes the epidemiology and natural history of degenerative rotator cuff tears. The management options, and the evidence to support these, are reviewed. We also present our preferred management protocol and method, if applicable, for surgical fixation of degenerative rotator cuff tears.