bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Instituto do indigenato e o Artigo 231 da Constituição Federal: considerações sobre o Marco Temporal no julgamento do recurso extraordinário nº 1017365 (repercussão geral, tema 1031) no Supremo Tribunal Federal
Authors: Leão João Batista Inácio , Siqueira José Do Carmo Alves
Published: November 2022

O presente artigo explana como o tema marco temporal sobre terras indígenas voltou novamente à discussão após sua afetação como repercussão geral no Recurso Extraordinário nº 1017365 (Tema 1031) no Supremo Tribunal Federal, que tem como relator o Ministro Edson Fachin. Por meio do referido estudo demonstrar-se-á que o constituinte originário, por meio da Assembleia Constituinte de 1987, ao finalizar o texto que culminou no atual artigo 231 da Constituição Federal de 1988 e seus parágrafos, adotou o instituto do indigenato e não a teoria do fato indígena. Não foi vontade do constituinte originário fixar um marco temporal nos territórios indígenas, razão pela qual não pode o Poder Judiciário, por meio de sua Corte máxima, trazer de novo esse julgamento à tona após mais de 30 anos de debate, posto que o campo específico para tanto foi na Assembleia Constituinte de 1987. O presente estudo utilizou-se o método hipotético-dedutivo como método de abordagem, partindo-se do problema mencionado para verificar as hipóteses ou soluções provisórias disponíveis, presentes no objetivo geral. Como instrumentos/técnicas de pesquisa, utilizou-se a revisão bibliográfica, verificando os principais autores e trabalhos publicados, juntamente com a análise do tema discutido por meio dos julgados paradigmas do Supremo Tribunal Federal.
cien primeros días del acuerdo de paz
Authors: Cardenal Rodolfo
Published: November 2022

El 30 de abril se cumplieron los primeros cien días del Acuerdo de paz, cada una de las partes así como Naciones Unidas hizo su evaluación. En este artículo se comparan las apreciaciones de cada una de las partes sobre los cumplimientos, los incumplimientos y las violaciones de los compromisos adquiridos, teniendo como parámetro fundamental el informe del Secretario General, que pone las cosas en su sitio con bastante objetividad. En efecto, este informe pone al descubierto la propaganda gubernamental y, en lo fundamental, coincide con el FMLN. Tal como lo afirman todos, los compromisos deben cumplirse. Por eso, el alto a los cien días es una excelente oportunidad que no conviene dejar pasar.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 47, No. 523-524, 1992: 441-460.
Mayo-junio
Authors: El Editor
Published: November 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 47, No. 523-524, 1992: 523-529.
Effect of Model Space Priors on Statistical Inference with Model Uncertainty
Authors: Porwal Anupreet , Raftery Adrian E.
Published: November 2022

Bayesian model averaging (BMA) provides a coherent way to account for model uncertainty in statistical inference tasks. BMA requires specification of model space priors and parameter space priors. In this article we focus on comparing different model space priors in the presence of model uncertainty. We consider eight reference model space priors used in the literature and three adaptive parameter priors recommended by Porwal and Raftery [37]. We assess the performance of these combinations of prior specifications for variable selection in linear regression models for the statistical tasks of parameter estimation, interval estimation, inference, point and interval prediction. We carry out an extensive simulation study based on 14 real datasets representing a range of situations encountered in practice. We found that beta-binomial model space priors specified in terms of the prior probability of model size performed best on average across various statistical tasks and datasets, outperforming priors that were uniform across models. Recently proposed complexity priors performed relatively poorly.
Nguy cơ mắc trầm cảm và một số yếu tố liên quan của học sinh trường Trung học phổ thông Kỳ Lâm, huyện Kỳ Anh, tỉnh Hà Tĩnh năm 2022
Authors: Anh Hoàng Tuấn , Khoa Nguyễn Đức , Thủy Nguyễn Ngọc , Nguyễn Trần Xuân , Chi Nguyễn Thái Quỳnh , Nhu Đặng Đức
Published: November 2022

Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang thực hiện từ tháng 02/2022 đến tháng 06/2022 nhằm mô tả nguy cơ mắc trầm cảm và một số yếu tố liên quan đến đặc điểm cá nhân của học sinh tại trường Trung học phổ thông Kỳ Lâm, huyện Kỳ Anh, tỉnh Hà Tĩnh. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy nguy cơ mắc trầm cảm theo thang đo CES-D ở học sinh là 57,6%. Học sinh nữ có nguy cơ trầm cảm gấp 1,84 lần (KTC 95%: 1,19 – 2,93) so với học sinh nam (p < 0,05). Học sinh thường xuyên áp lực trước mỗi kỳ thi có nguy cơ mắc trầm cảm gấp 3,35 lần (KTC 95%: 1,78 – 6,31) so với học sinh không bao giờ áp lực trước mỗi kỳ thi (p < 0,001). Và học sinh có tình trạng sức khỏe không tốt trong 1 tuần qua có nguy cơ trầm cảm gấp 3,39 lần (KTC 95%: 1,39 – 8,29) so với học sinh tình trạng sức khỏe tốt (p < 0,05). Nguy cơ mắc trầm cảm ở học sinh là khá cao, do đó nhà trường cần có các biện pháp giúp giảm áp lực căng thẳng cho các em học sinh. Bản thân các học sinh cần tạo thói quen sinh hoạt và thư giãn lành mạnh cho bản thân sau những giờ học tập mệt mỏi.
Mental Health and Climate Change. The Birth of Eco-Anxiety in the Spanish-Language Press
Authors: Jiménez Isidro , Garcés-Prieto Javier , Martín-Sosa Samuel
Published: November 2022

In recent years we have witnessed a great deal of media interest in climate change, echoing the growing public concern about a complex phenomenon with daunting consequences. This pa­per examines the impact of concepts such as “eco-anxiety” and “solastal­gia” in the Spanish and Latin American written and digital press. These neolo­gisms attempt to explain the emotion­al effects of climate change on men­tal health. Between 2015 and 2019 the words “solastalgia” and “Nature Deficit Disorder (NDD)” slowly made their way into the media, until 2019, when the term “eco-anxiety” became relatively successful in the newspapers. In addition to analysing the factors in­volved in the birth and evolution of this concept, the study describes the most frequently cited emotions, such as fear, anguish, stress, sadness and guilt. The results obtained indicate, on the one hand, that eco-anxiety is still a vague idea and not very present in the media, too often linked to negative emotions, in contradiction of clinical psycholo­gy advice. Meanwhile, emotions such as anger or indignation, which would enable a collective response to climate change, are often neglected.
IMPORTÂNCIA DAS INICIATIVAS DE INSERÇÃO DE MENINAS E MULHERES NA ÁREA DE STEM NO BRASIL
Authors: Souto Daniela Cruz , Souto Renata Cruz
Published: November 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a importância das iniciativas de inserção de meninas e mulheres na área de STEM no Brasil. Apesar de a presença de mulheres na ciência ter aumentado de forma global, no sistema científico e tecnológico e um pequeno número de mulheres em determinadas áreas ou subáreas do conhecimento, como nas ciências exatas e engenharias. Desta forma, é preciso incentivar crianças e jovens para as carreiras científicas, e o Estado Brasileiro tem o papel fundamental de fomentar ações para que as meninas possam ter contato com a ciência, tecnologia e inovação desde os ciclos mais básicos da educação. A fim de induzir o aumento de mulheres nas carreiras de STEM, algumas iniciativas foram implementadas no Brasil. Assim, espera-se que as iniciativas possam se transformar em uma política pública que visa a produzir a segregação horizontal e vertical das mulheres nas áreas STEM.
Protection of peri-urban groundwater catchments: a multi-tracer approach for the identification of urban pollution sources
Authors: Balzani Laura , Orban Philippe , Brouyère Serge
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Groundwater catchment located in peri-urban areas may be
impacted by many pollutants coming from different types of point or diffuse
sources such as accidental spills, continuous hidden leaks in drainage
networks, old landfills, treated/untreated wastewater and watercourses. In
the scope of the CASPER project, a new methodological approach has been
developed based on field survey and interpretation of the collected data in
order to distinguish between the different sources of contamination and
mixtures of pollutants. First, the groundwater catchment area corresponding
to the land surface perimeter in which abstracted groundwater is recharged
is determined and characterised in hydrogeological terms. The possible
sources of pollution are identified. In a second step, a groundwater and
surface water monitoring survey is established, and water samples are
collected focusing on a combination of physicochemical parameters and set of
various hydrochemical indicators. In particular, different stable isotopes
are considered. The NO3- and Boron stable isotopes are used to
distinguish between inputs linked to urban effluents, agricultural
fertilisers and manure. Stable isotopes of SO42- are used to
distinguish between sulphide minerals oxidation, sulphur-carbon compounds
mineralisation, lixiviation and human pollution. Moreover, the occurrence of
specific molecules like pharmaceutical and lifestyle products
(carbamazepine, caffeine, etc.) are used as effective tracers of
anthropogenic contamination. Microbiological analyses are also undertaken to
identify microbial populations associated with specific sources of pollution
or specific biochemical reactions occurring in soil and groundwater. The
resulting hydrochemical dataset is then processed using multivariate and
clustering analyses. In this context, the objective here is to describe the
rigorous methodological approach to assess pollution sources and to
illustrate the first steps of this process using a case study corresponding
to a groundwater catchment is a chalk aquifer in Western Belgium.
A lightweight broadband cavity-enhanced spectrometer for NO2 measurement on uncrewed aerial vehicles
Authors: Womack Caroline C. , Brown Steven S. , Ciciora Steven J. , Gao Ru-Shan , McLaughlin Richard J. , Robinson Michael A. , Rudich Yinon , Washenfelder Rebecca A.
Published: November 2022

Abstract. We describe the design and performance of a lightweight broadband cavity-enhanced spectrometer for measurement of NO2 on uncrewed aerial vehicles and light aircraft. The instrument uses a light-emitting
diode (LED) centered at 457 nm, high-finesse mirrors (reflectivity =0.999963 at 450 nm), and a grating spectrometer to determine optical extinction coefficients between 430 and 476 nm, which are fit with custom spectral fitting software and published absorption cross sections. The instrument weighs 3.05 kg and has a power consumption of less than 35 W at 25 ∘C. A ground calibration unit provides helium and zero air flows to periodically determine the
reflectivity of the cavity mirrors using known Rayleigh scattering cross
sections. The precision (1σ) for laboratory measurements is 43 ppt
NO2 in 1 s and 7 ppt NO2 in 30 s. Measurement of air with known NO2 mixing ratios in the range of 0–70 ppb agreed with the known values within 0.3 % (slope =0.997±0.007; r2=0.99983). We demonstrate instrument performance using vertical profiles of the NO2 mixing ratio acquired on board an uncrewed aerial vehicle between 0 and 110 m above ground level in Boulder, Colorado.
Temporal patterns and drivers of CO2 emission from dry sediments in a groyne field of a large river
Authors: Koschorreck Matthias , Knorr Klaus Holger , Teichert Lelaina
Published: November 2022

Abstract. River sediments falling dry at low water levels are
sources of CO2 to the atmosphere. While the general relevance of
CO2 emissions from dry sediments has been acknowledged and some
regulatory mechanisms have been identified, knowledge on mechanisms and temporal
dynamics is still sparse. Using a combination of high-frequency measurements
and two field campaigns we thus aimed to identify processes responsible for
CO2 emissions and to assess temporal dynamics of CO2 emissions
from dry sediments at a large German river. CO2 emissions were largely driven by microbial respiration in the
sediment. Observed CO2 fluxes could be explained by patterns and
responses of sediment respiration rates measured in laboratory incubations.
We exclude groundwater as a significant source of CO2 because the
CO2 concentration in the groundwater was too low to explain CO2
fluxes. Furthermore, CO2 fluxes were not related to radon fluxes, which
we used to trace groundwater-derived degassing of CO2. CO2 emissions were strongly regulated by temperature resulting in large
diurnal fluctuations of CO2 emissions with emissions peaking during the
day. The diurnal temperature–CO2 flux relation exhibited a
hysteresis which highlights the effect of transport processes in the
sediment and makes it difficult to identify temperature dependence from
simple linear regressions. The temperature response of CO2 flux and
sediment respiration rates in laboratory incubations was identical. Also
deeper sediment layers apparently contributed to CO2 emissions because
the CO2 flux was correlated with the thickness of the unsaturated zone,
resulting in CO2 fluxes increasing with distance to the local
groundwater level and with distance to the river. Rain events lowered
CO2 emissions from dry river sediments probably by blocking CO2
transport from deeper sediment layers to the atmosphere. Terrestrial
vegetation growing on exposed sediments greatly increased respiratory
sediment CO2 emissions. We conclude that the regulation of CO2
emissions from dry river sediments is complex. Diurnal measurements are
mandatory and even CO2 uptake in the dark by phototrophic
micro-organisms has to be considered when assessing the impact of dry
sediments on CO2 emissions from rivers.
Spatio-temporal distribution, photoreactivity and environmental control of dissolved organic matter in the sea-surface microlayer of the eastern marginal seas of China
Authors: Yang Lin , Zhang Jing , Engel Anja , Yang Gui-Peng
Published: November 2022

Abstract. As the boundary interface between the atmosphere and ocean, the sea-surface
microlayer (SML) plays a significant role in the biogeochemical cycles of
dissolved organic matter (DOM) and macronutrients in marine environments. In
our study, the optical properties of DOM were compared between the sub-surface water (SSW) and
the SML during spring, summer and winter in the East China Sea (ECS) and the
Yellow Sea (YS). In addition, photoexposure experiments were designed to
compare photochemical degradation processes of DOM between the SML and the
SSW. Chromophoric DOM (CDOM), fluorescent DOM, dissolved organic carbon,
chlorophyll a (Chl a), picoplankton, nutrients and bacteria were frequently enriched
in the SML. The enrichment factors (EFs) of tryptophan-like component 4 were
significantly higher than other fluorescence components; the longer
wavelength absorption values of CDOM showed higher EFs in the SML, and a
more significant relationship between CDOM and Chl a in the SML, indicating
that autochthonous DOM was more strongly enriched in the SML than the
terrestrial DOM. Higher EFs were generally observed in the SML in the
off-shore regions than in the coastal regions, and CDOM in the SML was
photobleached more after relatively strong irradiation, as also indicated by
the lower percentages of humic-like DOM and lower specific UV absorbance
values (SUVA254) in the SML than the SSW. Compared
to the SSW, the elevated nutrients may stimulate phytoplankton growth,
biological activity and then production of abundant fresh autochthonous DOM
in the SML. Our results revealed a new enrichment model for exploring the
air–sea interface environment, which can explain the more autochthonous
properties of DOM in the SML than the SSW.
Climatic control on seasonal variations of glacier surface velocity
Authors: Nanni Ugo , Scherler Dirk , Ayoub Francois , Millan Romain , Herman Frederic , Avouac Jean-Philippe
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Accurate measurements of ice flow are essential to predict future changes in glaciers and ice caps. Glacier displacement can in principle be measured at the large-scale by cross-correlation of satellite images. At weekly to monthly scales, the expected displacement is often of the same order noise for the commonly used satellite images, which limits the retrieval of accurate glacier velocity. Assessments of velocity changes on short time scales and over complex areas such as mountain ranges are therefore still lacking, but are essential to better understand how glacier dynamics are driven by internal and external factors. In this study, we take advantage of the wide availability and redundancy of satellite imagery over the Western Pamir to retrieve 10-day glacier velocity changes over 7 years for a wide range of glacier geometry and dynamics. Our results reveal strong seasonal trends. In spring/summer, we observe velocity increases of up to 300 % compared to a slow winter period. These accelerations clearly migrate upglacier throughout the melt-season, which we link to changes in subglacial hydrology efficiency. In autumn, we observe glacier accelerations that have rarely been observed before. These episodes are primarily confined to the upper ablation zone with a clear downglacier migration. We suggest that they result from glacier instabilities caused by sudden subglacial pressurization in response to (1) supraglacial pond drainage and/or (2) gradual closure of the hydrological system. Our 10-day resolved measurements allow us to characterize the short-term response of glacier to changing meteorological and climatic conditions.
Reconstructing ocean subsurface salinity at high resolution using a machine learning approach
Authors: Tian Tian , Cheng Lijing , Wang Gongjie , Abraham John , Wei Wangxu , Ren Shihe , Zhu Jiang , Song Junqiang , Leng Hongze
Published: November 2022

Abstract. A gridded ocean subsurface salinity dataset with global
coverage is useful for research on climate change and its variability. Here,
we explore the feed-forward neural network (FFNN) approach to reconstruct a
high-resolution (0.25∘ × 0.25∘) ocean
subsurface (1–2000 m) salinity dataset for the period 1993–2018 by merging
in situ salinity profile observations with high-resolution (0.25∘ × 0.25∘) satellite remote-sensing altimetry absolute
dynamic topography (ADT), sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface wind
(SSW) field data, and a coarse-resolution (1∘ × 1∘) gridded salinity product. We show that the FFNN can
effectively transfer small-scale spatial variations in ADT, SST, and SSW
fields into the 0.25∘ × 0.25∘ salinity field.
The root-mean-square error (RMSE) can be reduced by ∼11 %
on a global-average basis compared with the 1∘ × 1∘ salinity gridded field. The reduction in RMSE is much larger in
the upper ocean than the deep ocean because of stronger mesoscale
variations in the upper layers. In addition, the new 0.25∘ × 0.25∘ reconstruction shows more realistic spatial signals in the
regions with strong mesoscale variations, e.g., the Gulf Stream, Kuroshio,
and Antarctic Circumpolar Current regions, than the 1∘ × 1∘ resolution product, indicating the efficiency of the machine
learning approach in bringing satellite observations together with in situ
observations. The large-scale salinity patterns from 0.25∘ × 0.25∘ data are consistent with the 1∘ × 1∘ gridded salinity field, suggesting the persistence
of the large-scale signals in the high-resolution reconstruction. The
successful application of machine learning in this study provides an
alternative approach for ocean and climate data reconstruction that can
complement the existing data assimilation and objective analysis methods.
The reconstructed IAP0.25∘ dataset is freely available at
https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.o00122.00001
(Tian et al., 2022).
In situ observations of the Swiss periglacial environment using GNSS instruments
Authors: Cicoira Alessandro , Weber Samuel , Biri Andreas , Buchli Ben , Delaloye Reynald , Da Forno Reto , Gärtner-Roer Isabelle , Gruber Stephan , Gsell Tonio , Hasler Andreas , Lim Roman , Limpach Philippe​​​​​​​ , Mayoraz Raphael , Meyer Matthias , Noetzli Jeannette , Phillips Marcia , Pointner Eric , Raetzo Hugo , Scapozza​​​​​​​ Cristian , Strozzi Tazio , Thiele Lothar , Vieli Andreas , Vonder Mühll Daniel , Wirz Vanessa , Beutel Jan
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Monitoring of the periglacial environment is relevant for many disciplines including glaciology, natural hazard management, geomorphology, and geodesy. Since October 2022, Rock Glacier Velocity (RGV) is a new Essential Climate Variable (ECV) product within the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS). However, geodetic surveys at high elevation remain very challenging due to environmental and logistical reasons. During the past decades, the introduction of low-cost global navigation satellite system (GNSS) technologies has allowed us to increase the accuracy and frequency of the observations. Today, permanent GNSS instruments enable continuous surface displacement observations at millimetre accuracy with a sub-daily resolution. In this paper, we describe decennial time series of GNSS observables as well as accompanying meteorological data. The observations comprise 54 positions located on different periglacial landforms (rock glaciers, landslides, and steep rock walls) at altitudes ranging from 2304 to 4003 ma.s.l. and spread across the Swiss Alps. The primary data products consist of raw GNSS observables in RINEX format, inclinometers, and weather station data. Additionally, cleaned and aggregated time series of the primary data products are provided, including daily GNSS positions derived through two independent processing tool chains. The observations documented here extend beyond the dataset presented in the paper and are currently continued with the intention of long-term monitoring. An annual update of the dataset, available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.948334 (Beutel et al., 2022),​​​​​​​ is planned. With its future continuation, the dataset holds potential for advancing fundamental process understanding and for the development of applied methods in support of e.g. natural hazard management.
Data assimilation sensitivity experiments in the East Auckland Current system using 4D-Var
Authors: Santana Rafael , Macdonald Helen , O'Callaghan Joanne , Powell Brian , Wakes Sarah , H. Suanda Sutara
Published: November 2022

Abstract. This study analyses data assimilative numerical simulations in an eddy-dominated western boundary current: the East Auckland Current (EAuC). The goal is to assess the impact of assimilating surface and subsurface data into a model of the EAuC. We used the Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS) in conjunction with the 4-dimensional variational (4D-Var) data assimilation scheme to incorporate sea surface height (SSH) and temperature (SST), and subsurface temperature, salinity, and velocities from three moorings located at the upper, mid and lower continental slope using a 7-day assimilation window. Assimilation of surface fields (SSH and SST) reduced SSH root mean square deviation (rmsd) in relation to the non-assimilative (NoDA) run. The inclusion of velocity subsurface data reduced SSH rmsd up- and downstream of the moorings. By improving the representation of the mesoscale eddy field, data assimilation increased complex correlation between modelled and observed velocity in all experiments. However, the inclusion of temperature and salinity slightly decreased the velocity complex correlation. The assimilative experiments had smaller SST rmsd in comparison to the NoDA run. The lack of sub-surface temperature for assimilation led to larger errors (>1 °C) around 100 m in relation to the NoDA run. Comparisons to independent Argo data showed similar results. Withholding subsurface temperature forces near-surface average negative temperature increments that are corrected by increased net heat flux at the surface which does not affect waters at 100 m depth. Assimilation of mooring temperature generates increments to the initial conditions that reduces 100 m water temperature rmsd. Larger positive wind stress curl was generated in experiments that assimilated subsurface temperature data. Positive wind stress curl generates convergence and downwelling which is another way of correcting the upper thermocline cold bias. The larger positive wind stress curl might also be responsible for decreased velocity correlation in the experiments that assimilated temperature and salinity. The few moored CTDs (8) had little impact in correcting salinity, however, using doubled decorrelation length scales of tracers and a 2-day assimilation window improved model salinity in comparison to independent Argo data. In addition, the results were similar to the global reanalysis HYCOM-NCODA which assimilates Argo profiles and was used as boundary condition. HYCOM-NCODA had near zero velocity complex correlation on the mid-slope, whereas all reanalyses showed improved results which highlights the benefit of downscaling to a regional model of the EAuC.
Non-linear intensification of monsoon low-pressure systems by the BSISO
Authors: Hunt Kieran M. R. , Turner Andrew G.
Published: November 2022

Abstract. More than half of the rainfall brought to the Indian subcontinent by the summer monsoon is associated with low-pressure systems (LPSs). Yet their relationship with the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) – the dominant intraseasonal forcing on the monsoon – is only superficially understood. Using reanalysis data, we explore the relationship between the BSISO and LPS intensity, propagation and precipitation, and associated underlying mechanisms. The BSISO has a large impact on mean monsoon vorticity and rainfall as it moves northward – maximising both in phases 2–3 over southern India and phases 5–6 over northern India – but a much weaker relationship with total column water vapour. We present evidence that LPS genesis also preferentially follows these phases of the BSISO.
We identify significant relationships between BSISO phase and LPS precipitation and propagation: for example, during BSISO phase 5, LPSs over northern India produce 51 % heavier rainfall and propagate northwestward 20 % more quickly.
Using a combination of moisture flux linearisation and quasi-geostrophic theory, we show that these relationships are driven by changes to the underlying dynamics rather than the moisture content or thermodynamic structure of the monsoon. Using the example of LPSs over northern India during BSISO phase 5, we show that the vertical structure of anomalous vorticity can be split into contributions from the BSISO background circulation and the non-linear response of the LPS to anomalous BSISO circulation. Complementary hypotheses emerge about the source of this non-linear vorticity response: non-linear frictional convergence and secondary barotropic growth. We show that both are important. The BSISO imparts greater meridional shear on the background state, supporting LPS intensification. The BSISO background and non-linear LPS response both contribute significantly to anomalous boundary layer convergence, and we show through vortex budget arguments that the former supports additional LPS intensification in boundary layer, while the latter supports faster westward propagation. This work therefore yields important insights into the scale interactions controlling one of the dominant synoptic systems contributing to rainfall during the monsoon.
MAIN DEPARTMENTS OF ETHNODEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN EASTERN KAZAKHSTAN REGION FOR 1920-1930s
Authors:   Alikhan Bokeikhan University, Kazakhstan, Semey, Adilbaeva A.S. , Dzhakipova T.U. ,   Semey Medical University, Kazakhstan, Semey
Published: November 2022

The article is dealing with the study of ethnodemographic processes in East Kazakhstan in the 1920-1930s. The paper analyzes aspects of the growth and decline of ethno-demographic changes in the studies of the twentieth century, the political situation in Kazakhstan in 1920-1930s and its influence and changes in ethno-demography, the state of the political life of the deported ethnic groups, the course and directions of ethno-cultural development in the region and the role of ethnic groups in the culture of Kazakhstan .The 1920s and 1930s were full of political events and campaigns. During the Civil War, the situation was aggravated by the neglect of taxes and the confiscation by the military of all food available to the army, despite protests. The article discusses the features of the study of demographic processes, population structure, location and significance. The political changes of the 1930s had a significant impact on the socio-demographic development of the population of the East Kazakhstan region. The local population has decreased, but the population growth has occurred at the expense of other nationalities. In the article, based on extensive archival materials, the author introduces the history of the peoples who moved to the Semipalatinsk and East Kazakhstan regions in 1930. Studies of the demographic situation of the population of the region during the famine of the 1930s were written using archival documents and periodicals, scientific research. The system of concepts of demographic science was also analyzed, its history and current state, its connection with sociology and social policy were considered.
SOME ISSUES OFTHE CONFRONTATION BETWEEN YESSIM KHAN AND TURSUN KHAN(BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF SHEZHIRE AND ORAL HISTORY)
Authors:   al-Farabi Kazakh National University,Kazakhstan,Almaty, Sabdenova G.E. , Baigunakov D.S. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Kazakhstan,Almaty
Published: November 2022

The increasing importance of oral history and folk sources (especially shezhire in Kazakhstanhistoriography)is one of the important trends in the development of historical science. In recent years, shezhire data has become one of the active sources capable of providing interesting facts on the medieval history of Kazakhstan. Using them opens up new horizons in the history of the Kazakh Khanate. The object of the study is the political and military confrontation between Yessim Khan and Tursun Khan in 1626-1627/28. The main directions of Tursun Khan's domestic policy and military actions in the war against Yessim Khan in the process of its beginning and development as an integral part of the domestic military tragedy were chosen as the subject of the study. This also determines the chronological framework of the study, which focuses on the most intense events in the first quarter of the XVII century. Kazakh shezhire, as well as oral history, has deeply and acutely preserved the consequences of the internecine war. Especially the horrors of war were experienced by the Dulats, Katagans and other tribes who suffered great human lossesand material costs. The materials of shezhire and the oral history of the Dulat (Shuyldak genus) tribe have preserved in people's memory some intrigues, secret conspiracies and insidious deeds of Tursun Khan. As a result, apparently they became some of the reasons for the ruptureof the relationship between the two rulers. The issues analyzed in the article are poorly studied and have not received comprehensive development in the domestic scientific literature until now.
THE DIRECTION OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE MUSEUM BUSINESS OF PUBLIC FUNDS IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY
Authors:   Ch.Ch. Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology, Kazakhstan, Almaty, Shashaev A.K. , Kurmanalina N.N. ,   Ch.Ch. Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology, Kazakhstan, Almaty, Selkebayeva A.T. ,   Almaty Humanitarian and Economic University, Kazakhstan, Almaty, Konkabayeva A.N. ,   Ch.Ch. Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology, Kazakhstan, Almaty, Zikirbayeva V.S. ,   Ch.Ch. Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology, Kazakhstan, Almaty
Published: November 2022

The article examines the social aspects of the formation and cultural and educational activities of museums of Kazakhstan at the beginning of the twentieth century on the basis of archival materials. Socio-economic and political changes that took place in the 20s of the Soviet period had a significant impact on the culture and education of Kazakhstan, the elimination of illiteracy, there was a need to develop cultural and educational direction. A special Central Asian Committee for Museums and the Protection of Ancient Monuments has been established for the republics of Central Asia and Kazakhstan, and a society of local historians has been organized in the republic. The article describes how the research society of Kazakhstan has established the organization of libraries, museums and archival affairs, has made every effort to make them a place for the promotion of knowledge and culture among the population.
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION OF KAZAKHSTAN AND THE MIDDLE EAST: HISTORICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL ASPECT
Authors:   Astana International University, Kazakhstan, Astana, Nursultanova L.N. , Erkin A.E. ,   Astana International University, Kazakhstan, Astana
Published: November 2022

The modern history of Kazakhstan includes cardinal reforms, socio-economic changes, as well as the transformation of the political system. Kazakhstan is a subject of new geopolitical realities and an active factor in the international arena. The multi-vector course of our Republic's foreign policy allows us to pursue a balanced strategy with the international community.The First President of Kazakhstan N.Nazarbayev defined the long-term goal of forming and maintaining constructive relations with thecountries of the near and far abroad. The institutional reforms carried out allowed the European Union toassign Kazakhstan the status of a country with a market economy. The foreign policy of the Republic ofKazakhstan is aimed at implementing a competitive economy,attracting foreign investments that meetnational interests.Kazakhstan has achieved success in the regional economy and participates in global projects, joined the World Trade Organization, is building fruitful and constructive ties with the European Union, the OIC and other international organizations.Kazakhstan's cooperation with the countries of the Near and Middle East has many aspects. Within the framework of one monograph, it is impossible to explore different issues of relations between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the BSV, which have many directions. Perhaps this will be the task of further scientific research.
GLOBAL CAPTIVITY IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR: PRISONERS OF WAR IN TURKESTAN, 1914 – 1916
Authors:   University of Manchester, Matt H.
Published: November 2022

This articleexamines the health of prisoners of war in Turkestan during the First World Warthrough the lens of internationalrelief. Using the example of typhus, it considers the spread of epidemic disease seen through the reports of Red Cross delegates who inspected the conditions in POW camps in theRussian Empire. Alongside this, the article contributes to the growing literature that considers wartime captivity from a global perspective; bycomparing imperial managementsof wartime captivity in the Russian, British and German Empires, this article reframes experiences of captivity in Turkestan and places them in the wider global context of captivity in the early twentieth century.
Reconstructing Social Networks and Connections in Indigenous Tribes: An Analysis of Countermeasures to COVID-19 among Rural Tribes in Taiwan
Authors: Liu Li-Chuan
Published: November 2022

Since the first outbreak of COVID-19 in December 2019, numerous countries have experienced waves of outbreaks that have had severe social, economic, and political effects. Many medical and anthropological studies have suggested that tribes and elders in rural and indigenous villages became isolated from the outside world due to a lack of resources and because of cultural constraints. On January 22, 2020, the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Taiwan was discovered. As of October 23, 2022, 7,476,478 confirmed cases have been reported; of these, only 64,298 were in Taitung County, making it the region with the fewest cases in Taiwan. In this ethnographic study, I visited indigenous tribes in Taiwan that were less affected during the pandemic, conducted in-depth interviews with tribal-care providers, and collected secondary data from reports and social media regarding pandemic prevention on tribes in Taitung County. I also explored the difficulties created by the suspension of tribal-care services due to pandemic-related social distancing and isolation measures, and how care providers overcame these challenges. COVID-19 is not the first and nor will it be the last virus to threaten humans. Thus, it is important to gain insight into how care networks and connections were rebuilt through innovative measures that enabled tribal elders to receive culturally sensitive care and maintain their health during the pandemic.
RECLAMATION EFFICIENCY OF OPEN HORIZONTAL DRAINAGE ON THE MAKTAARAL MASSIF
Authors:   Taraz regional university named
            after M.KH.Dulaty, Taraz city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Dzhumabekov A.A. , Abdeshev K.B. ,   araz regional university
            named after M.KH.Dulaty, Taraz city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Bulanbayeva P.U. ,   Kyzylorda University named
            after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kenzhalieva B.T. ,   Kyzylorda University named
            after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: November 2022

В статье рассматривается современное эколого-мелиоративное состояние орошаемых
земель на Мактааральском массиве. В слабой естественной дренированности территории
интенсивное орошение привело к резкому подъему минерализованных грунтовых вод и
вторичному засолению земель. Существующие параметры открытого горизонтального дренажа
(В=400м, Н=1,1-1,3м) не обеспечивают необходимое понижение уровня минерализованных
грунтовых вод и отводе их с орошаемого массива. Исследованием установлено, что
оптимальным параметром открытого горизонтального дренажа для данного региона является
междренноерасстояние В=200м, глубина их заложения - 1,9-2,0м, которые обеспечивают
безопасную глубину уровня грунтовых вод - 1,6-2,0м. На орошаемых землях Мактааральского
массива открытые горизонтальные дрены запроектированы и построены в основном с
междренным расстоянием 400м и глубиной их заложения 1,4-1,5 м. Строительство открытого
горизонтального дренажа в этом регионе начато с 1946 года. К 01.04.2019 года общая
протяженность коллекторно-дренажной сети составляло 1220,8 км, в том числе
межхозяйственных коллекторов - 421,0км, внутрихозяйственной дренажно-сбросной сети -
799,8 км. Низкое техническое состояние существующей коллекторно-дренажной сети вызывает
подъем уровня грунтовых вод, что в дальнейшем приводит к засолению и заболачиванию
земель, то есть вторичному засолению орошаемых территорий.
EFFECTS OF RESIDUAL FEED CONSUMPTION ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF BEEF CATTLE BULLS
Authors:   Scientific and Production Centre for Animal Husbandry and Veterinary” LLP, Nur-Sultan city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kazhgaliyev N.Zh. , Bissembayev A.T. ,   Scientific and Production Centre for Animal Husbandry and Veterinary” LLP, Nur-Sultan city, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: November 2022

This article presents the results of improvement of existing methods for assessing Kazakh white-headed breed bull-calves when testing them for their productivity using GrowSafe technology and the influence of part typical factors by daily weighing of the set feeds and growth and determining the effect of residual feed consumption (RFI) on the growth and development of breeding bull-calves. The study showed that the assessment of the amount of residual feed consumption increases the objectivity of the assessment of livestock productivity, i.e. the amount of feed consumed in all OPK farms - from 2.34 to + deviated to +1.97, showed equally good indicators, and the amount of uneaten feed (RFR) in bulls was 54% negative (RFR) and 46% positive (RFR).This indicates that bulls consume less feed during the test for higher performance. Among the bulls tested in four farms, the highest daily gain was also noted in Zhana Bereke LLP, which averaged 1776 grams. The share of succulent feed in this diet in this farm was 66.4%, large feed - 11.2% and compound feed - 22.3%.
INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZERS ON SOIL FERTILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF FOREIGN POTATO
VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTH-EAST OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   LLP ", Aitbaev T.Y. ,   Kazakh Research Institute of
            Horticulture”, Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty city, Alimkhanov Y.M. ,   NJSC "Kazakh National
            Agrarian Research University", Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty city, Aitbaeva A.T. ,   LLP "Kazakh Research
            Institute of Horticulture”, Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty city, Elibaeva G.I. ,   "South Kazakhstan
            University named after M. Auezov", Republic of Kazakhstan, Shymkent
            city
Published: November 2022

В 2018-2020 годы в почвенно-климатических условиях юго-востока Казахстана
проведены научные исследования по разработке системы удобрения зарубежных сортов
картофеля, выделенных при оценке по комплексу хозяйственно-ценных признаков. Изучено и
установлено влияние разных видов и норм удобрений на адаптивные свойства, продуктивность
и качественные показатели сортов картофеля. Определены оптимальные условия минерального
питания растений по новым сортам картофеля иностранной селекции. Выделены лучшие
зарубежные сорта картофеля с ценными хозяйственно-полезными свойствами, выявлена их
отзывчивость на удобрения. Выявлено влияние органических и минеральных удобрений на
адаптивность и продуктивность зарубежных сортов картофеля (Аладин, Гала, Инноватор) в
условиях юго-востока Казахстана. Изучен пищевой режим почвы под посадками зарубежных
сортов картофеля, установлены оптимальные условия питания растений. Картофелеводческим
хозяйствам рекомендованы эффективные нормы удобрений под картофель.
PSYCHOLOGISM IN NURPEISOV'S TRILOGY "BLOOD AND SWEAT"
Authors:   Kyzylorda University named after
            Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Zhanbershieva U. , Kudaibergenova K.T ,   Kyzylorda University named
            after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda city, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: November 2022

Мақалада заманымыздың заңғар жазушысы Ә.Нұрпейісовтің әлемге әйгілі «Қан мен тер»
трилогиясындағы кейіпкердің ішкі әлемі, психологизм мәселесі қарастырылған. «Қан мен
тердегі» тағдырлар толқынынан аумалы-төкпелі кездегі тарих, экология, психологизм
мәселелелерін көтергені сөз болады. Қазақ әдебиеттану ғылымында ұлт әдебиетінің биік
шыңы болып саналатын бұл шығарма туралы зерттеулер баршылық. Мақала авторлары жазушының
кейіпкер бейнесін ашуда қолданған шеберлігін саралап, дәйектеме келтіреді. Кейіпкердің
көңіл-күйіндегі күйініш пен сүйініш, жан азабы, сергелдеңі, күйреуі сияқты құбылыстарын
жазушының ішкі монолог арқылы берудегі шеберлігі айқындалады. Кейіпкерлердің ішкі
әлеміндегі тартысты нақты мысалдармен айтып өтеді. Кейіпкерлердің ішкі әлеміндегі
құбылыстары туралы ғылыми тұрғыдан баға берген ғалымдар пікірлерін салыстыра отырып,
өзіндік тың тұжырым жасалған. Қазақ ғылымында жасалған фундаментальды зерттеулерге
сүйене отырып, авторлар өз көзқарастарын бүгінгі заман тұрғысынан жаңаша айтып өтеді.
Трилогиядағы жазушының ұлттық болмыс пен бітім, ұлттық сезімді жоғары қоюы туралы жалпы
түсінік беріп, қазақ әдебиеттану ғылымында теориялық негізде зерттеп, жазушының
шеберлігін тағы бір қырынан ашу көзделген. Авторлар кейіпкер психологиясын ашу арқылы
жазушы оқиғаны әлеуметтік жағдаятқа тірейтінін деректермен дәлелдеген.
PARTICIPATION OF PARENTS IN THE PROCESS OF INCLUSIVE LEARNING. POSITION FAMILIES
WITH CHILDREN IN NEED OF SPECIAL EDUCATION
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National
            University, Almaty city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Mukasheva A.B. , Aslan E.A. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National
            University, Almaty city, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: November 2022

Отбасы қоғамның бастапқы бірлігі бола отырып, әр түрлі қызметтерді орындайды,
олардың ішінде бастысы - балалар тәрбиесі. Отбасы баланың жеке басының қалыптасуына
үлкен, көбінесе шешуші әсер етеді. Арнайы білімді қажет ететін баланың тууы нәтижесінде
отбасындағы қатынастар, сонымен қатар қоршаған қоғаммен байланыс бұзылу себептері
айқындалады. Мақала арнайы білім беру қажеттіліктері бар ерте және кіші мектепке дейінгі
жастағы балаларды тәрбиелеп отырған қазіргі заманғы отбасының арнайыліктерін,
ата-аналардың балаларды дамыту үшін түзету-педагогикалық технологияларға деген
қажеттіліктерін зерттеуге арналған. Құқық бұзушылықтардың себептері арнайы білімді қажет
ететін баланың психологиялық, сондай-ақ оның ұзақ уақытқа созылған стресске байланысты
отбасы мүшелері көтеретін үлкен эмоционалдық стресстермен байланысы көрсетіледі. Арнайы
білімді қажет ететін баланың отбасын ерте жастан жан-жақты психологиялық-педагогикалық
қолдау отбасы ішіндегі және бала мен ата-ана арасындағы қарым-қатынаста болуы мүмкін
дисгармонияның болжаушыларын анықтайды. Психологиялық-педагогикалық кеңес беру барысында
авторлар ата-аналардың арнайы білім беру қажеттіліктері бар баласына қатысты бастапқы
ұстанымдарын анықтады және сипаттады. Ата-аналардың белсенділігі олардың
консультациялардан күтулерімен тікелей байланысты екені анықтады. Ата-аналардың бастапқы
ұстанымдарының қалыптасуына олардың жалпы мәдени, оның ішінде педагогикалық деңгейі мен
жеке қасиеттері әсер ететіні айқындалды.
ĐÁNH GIÁ KẾT QUẢ SINH THIẾT TUYẾN TIỀN LIỆT DƯỚI HƯỚNG DẪN SIÊU ÂM QUA NGÃ TRỰC TRÀNG TẠI BỆNH VIỆN HOÀN MỸ CỬU LONG NĂM 2016-2022
Authors: Duy Nguyễn Đức , Khoái Phạm Thành , Thiện Trần Hữu , Thiện Trần Chí
Published: November 2022

Đối tượng: Sinh thiết tuyến tiền liệt (TTL) dưới hướng dẫn của siêu âm qua ngã trực tràngđược dùng để chẩn đoán ung thư tuyến tiền liệt. Trong nghiên cứu của chúng tôi nhằm xácđịnh tỉ lệ phát hiện bệnh, các biến chứng sau sinh thiết tại Bệnh viện Hoàn Mỹ Cửu Long.Phương pháp: Mô tả loạt ca từ tổng kết số liệu của những bệnh nhân được sinh thiết tuyếntiền liệt từ 12/2016 đến 08/2022 tại Bệnh viện Hoàn Mỹ Cửu Long. Kết quả giải phẫu bệnh,biến chứng được ghi nhận để đánh giá.Kết quả: Tổng số bệnh nhân được sinh thiết và theo dõi là 129 trường hợp. Tuổi trung bìnhtrong nghiên cứu là 73,33 tuổi. Tỉ lệ biến chứng gặp nhiều nhất là tiểu máu đại thể chiếm tỉlệ 10,1% (13 TH). Về tỉ lệ phát hiện ung thư là 31% (40 TH).Kết luận: Qua nghiên cứu cho thấy tỉ lệ chẩn đoán ung thư là 31%. Các biến chứng sau sinhthiết là không đáng kể và thủ thuật an toàn cho bệnh nhân.
KINETIC AND KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THREE DIFFERENT EXECUTION MODES OF STAG LEAP WITH AND WITHOUT THROW- CATCH BALL IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS
Authors: Akkari-Ghazouani Hounaida , Mkaouer Bessem , Amara Samiha , Chtara Mokhtar
Published: November 2022

Visual analysis of rhythmic gymnastics shows that the greatest difficulty lies in jumps. Performing jump with optimal speed, great amplitude, and better coordination and without any mistakes, does not depend only on the gymnast's capacity but also on the apparatus used, the jump made and the applied momentum. The objective was to study the qualities of strength, speed and flexibility developed during the three execution modes of stag leap with ring with and without throw-catch ball. Seven gymnasts from the national rhythmic gymnastics team aged between 15 to 21 years participated in this study. The protocol in making three stag leaps with rings consist of the following: the first without apparatus, the second with throwing ball during the chasse step, and the third with throwing ball at the time of pulse during stag leap with ring. The basic descriptive parameters and statistical significance of differences were determined by using the SPSS 20.0, statistical program for data processing. The results show a significant variation at p <0.05 in the execution factors when introducing apparatus such as, horizontal and vertical velocity, right knee angle, force, horizontal displacement of toe, the angular momentum of the centre of mass and angular velocity of right leg. This decrease differs according to the moment of throwing the ball. In conclusion, we can argue that introducing ball during the chasse step causes a change in the basic performance factors.