bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AVALIAÇÃO DOS FATORES QUE DISTANCIAM O ALUNO DO MONITOR NOS CURSOS DE QUÍMICA DO IFSP-SUZANO
Authors: Sousa Diogo Barboza de , Santos Alana Melo dos
Published: August 2022

A monitoria tem como objetivo auxiliar os alunos que apresentam dificuldade para entender os conteúdos presentes em uma determinada disciplina. Apesar dos benefícios dessa ferramenta, muitos alunos não a utilizam em seu processo de aprendizagem. Este estudo busca identificar os principais fatores que dificultam a procura pelo monitor por parte dos alunos. A análise foi desenvolvida através de uma pesquisa realizada pela aplicação de um questionário a 22 alunos dos cursos de Processos Industriais Químicos e Química Industrial que participaram das disciplinas de Mecânica dos Fluidos, Agitação, Mistura e Manuseio de Sólidos e Balanços de Massa e Energia. Os resultados demonstraram que a falta de disponibilidade de horário dos alunos e a falta de conhecimento sobre a monitoria foram fatores determinantes para que a monitoria fosse subaproveitada. É necessário pensar em formas de oferta alternativas e flexíveis e realizar sua divulgação de forma contínua e eficiente, permitindo o reconhecimento do monitor pelos alunos.
ESTUDOS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS PARA CRIAÇÃO DE UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO DE USO SUSTENTÁVEL: O CASO DAS RESEX MARINHAS NO ESTADO DO PARÁ
Authors: Da Silva Regina Oliveira , De Albuquerque Adna Almeida , Almeida Ruth Helena Cristo , Pereira Jorge Luis Gavina
Published: August 2022

Estudos socioambientais estão previstos no SNUC para a criação de unidades de conservação de uso sustentável. Nos anos de 2012 e 2013 foram realizados quatro estudos para a criação especificamente reservas extrativistas marinhas no estado do Pará. Trabalhou-se nos municípios de Magalhães Barata, Marapanim, São Caetano de Odivelas e Augusto Correa. Foram desenvolvidas metodologias para esses levantamentos tendo-se como base teórica as etnociências e a participação. As metodologias foram agregadas de forma a responder as questões, como: se há ocorrência de populações tradicionais, seus modos de vida e usos dos recursos naturais existentes. Os resultados apontaram para existência de populações tradicionais, tendo como principal ambiente utilizado os manguezais. Discute-se o futuro do território após a da criação das desejadas unidades de conservação, o que ocorreu em 2014.
Development Of Learning Tools For Case Method-Based Cake Decoration Courses In Improving Students' Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Rahmi Ana , Fatma Tresno Ingtyas  , Nuwairi Hilda  , Dina Ampera  , Siti Wahidah
Published: August 2022

This study aims to determine the process and application of cake decorating learning tools in improving students' critical thinking skills. The results of the study indicate that the Inner Case Method-based learning device has met the validity criteria. Based on the results obtained in the field, there is an increase in the percentage of each data in the field from the simulation stage then an increase is made at the trial stage. Based on the data analysis, the learning device developed meets the criteria with a validity value of 3.86 which means it is valid without revision, a practical value of 3.32 which means a high level of practicality, and can increase the average critical thinking ability test score by 74%.
Managerial Competence and Performance of Cimahi SMEs Mediated by Knowledge Management Effectiveness
Authors: Aam Rachmat Mulyana  , R. M. Juddy Prabowo  , Sri Hastuti  , Rahardianto  , Khaerul Rizal Abdurahman
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine the managerial competence that affects the performance of SMEs with Knowledge Management Effectiveness as a moderating variable. There are indicators, namely Impact and Influence, Achievement Orientation, Teamwork and Cooperation, Analytical Thinking, Initiative, Developing Other, Self Confidence, Directiveness/Assertiveness, Information Seeking, Team Leadership, Conceptual Thinking and the Knowledge Management variable being the moderating variable. While the dependent variable is the performance of SMEs. The sample method used is a purposive sample with a sample size of 75 MSME owners. This study uses the Equetion Structure Equation Model with the help of SPSS v.21 and Smart PLS 3. This research method is quantitative, namely conducting a primary data search with the object of research by MSME owners registered in the trade office of SME and industrial cooperatives in the city of Cimahi. Based on the results of the partial study, the variable that has a significant effect is Knowledge Management Effectiveness, while Managerial Competence has no significant effect. Meanwhile, if Knowledge Management Effectiveness is tested as a moderating variable, then Knowledge Management Effectiveness has a moderating effect that weakens, and reduces managerial competence.
A STUDY ON CONSUMER SATISFACTION IN TOWARDS ORGANISED APPAREL RETAIL STORE
Authors: Rathod Pratima , Gokhru Anjali
Published: August 2022

One of the earliest types of companies that human society has ever been aware of is retailing. The majority of industrialised economies as well as emerging economies have adopted organised retail a significant amount of time ago, and the percentage share of organised retail in overall retailing has increased over the years. Despite this, India, a land of villages capable of supporting themselves, has continued to rely mostly on small shops located in close proximity to homes. Because the level of happiness a customer has with a product or service is the most essential component in determining a retail store's or other company's level of success, it is critical to both measure this level of satisfaction and identify the factors that have an impact on it. This article presents a review of the topic of customer satisfaction, focusing on three distinct aspects of the topic: the antecedents of consumer satisfaction, the measurement of satisfaction, and the implications of consumer pleasure. The primary research that was done on 52 customers found that different types of customers have different influences on their perceptions of service quality and that elements related to service quality have a substantial impact on the level of pleasure that customers feel they receive.
ProAll-D: protein allergen detection using long short term memory - a deep learning approach
Authors: M Shanthappa Pallavi , Kumar Rakshitha
Published: August 2022

Background: An allergic reaction is the immune system's overreacting to a previously encountered, typically benign molecule, frequently a protein. Allergy reactions can result in rashes, itching, mucous membrane swelling, asthma, coughing, and other bizarre symptoms. To anticipate allergies, a wide range of principles and methods have been applied in bioinformatics. The sequence similarity approach's positive predictive value is very low and ineffective for methods based on FAO/WHO criteria, making it difficult to predict possible allergens. Method: This work advocated the use of a deep learning model LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) to overcome the limitations of traditional approaches and machine learning lower performance models in predicting the allergenicity of dietary proteins. A total of 2,427 allergens and 2,427 non-allergens, from a variety of sources, including the Central Science Laboratory and the NCBI are used. The data was divided 80:20 for training and testing purposes. These techniques have all been implemented in Python. To describe the protein sequences of allergens and non-allergens, five E-descriptors were used. E1 (hydrophilic character of peptides), E2 (length), E3(propensity to form helices), E4(abundance and dispersion), and E5 (propensity of beta strands) are used to make the variable-length protein sequence to uniform length using ACC transformation. A total of eight machine learning techniques have been taken into consideration. Results: The Gaussian Naive Bayes as accuracy of 64.14 %, Radius Neighbour's Classifier with 49.2 %, Bagging Classifier was 85.8 %, ADA Boost was 76.9 %, Linear Discriminant Analysis has 76.13 %, Quadratic Discriminant Analysis was 84.2 %, Extra Tree Classifier was 90%, and LSTM is 91.5 %. Conclusion: As the LSTM, has an AUC value of 91.5 % is regarded best in predicting allergens. A web server called ProAll-D has been created that successfully identifies novel allergens using the LSTM approach. Users can use the link https://doi.org/10.17632/tjmt97xpjf.1 to access the ProAll-D server and data.

©2022 by the authors. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Keywords

Allergen prediction; ACC transformation; LSTM model; Gaussian naive bayes; Classifier; Extra tree classifier; Bagging classifier; ADA boost;  Linear discriminant analysis;  Quadratic discriminant analysis
PELATIHAN PENULISAN ARTIKEL ILMIAH DAN PUBLIKASI OJS SEBAGAI PENUNJANG KENAIKAN PANGKAT PADA GURU-GURU SE-KABUPATEN ROKAN HULU
Authors: Putri Delia , Nofrita Misra , Arianti Rita
Published: August 2022

One of the efforts made by teachers for professional development as educators is to take care of promotions. In accordance with ministerial regulations, one of the requirements for proposing a promotion is that educators or teachers must produce research in the form of scientific articles or scientific publications that are useful and have innovations in the world of education. The article must be published in a journal or OJS. Due to the lack of knowledge of teachers regarding this matter, training was conducted at elementary, junior high, and high school / equivalent teachers in Rokan Hulu Regency, Riau Province. The training methods used are lecture, discussion and demonstration methods. The results of the training show significant progress on the knowledge and ability of teachers in writing and publishing scientific articles through OJS journals
PKM PEMANFAATAN E-LEARNING BERBASIS MULTIMEDIA UN-TUK EFEKTIFITAS PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH
Authors: Jufri Jufri , Hasrijal
Published: August 2022

Sejak revolusi 4.0 dan terjadinya wabah COVID 19 dunia pendidikan sangat dituntut untuk dapat bertransformasi dari sistem pembelajaran tatap muka ke sistem Pembelajaran Jara Jauh. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang dikemukakan maka akan dilakukan PKM pemanfaatan e-learning berbasis multimedia. Maksudnya adalah Mitra diberikan pelatihan, pendampingan, pemberian projek dalam menggunakan e-learning. Selain itu juga guru akan dibekali keterampilan membuat video pembelajaran dengan teknik rekam layar. Aplikasi yang gunkan untuk membuat video pemlajaran tersebut adalah Bandicam. Video pembelajaran yang dihasilkan akan disingkronisasi menggunakan e-learning yang tersedia, sehingga siswa dapat melihat video penjelasan materi pelajaran yang dibuat oleh guru. Hasil dari PKM ini diharapkan dapat membantu guru dan siswa dalam menciptakan Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh.
PENDAMPINGAN TENAGA PENDIDIK DI SD NEGERI 002 RAMBAH SAMO DALAM PENERAPAN APLIKASI GOOGLE CLASSROOM
Authors: Efendi Rinja , Marta Eni , Elvina
Published: August 2022

Pembelajaran saat ini lebih diarahkan pada aktivitas-aktivitas modernisasi dengan bantuan teknologi canggih dengan harapan dapat membantu siswa dalam mencerna materi pelajaran secara interaktif, produktif, efektif, inspiratif, konstruktif, dan menyenangkan. Selain itu siswa juga diharapkan memiliki life skill dari aplikasi teknologi tersebut. Tenaga pendidik juga diharapkan mampu menerapkan suatu pembaharuan dengan teknologi yang dapat membantu siswa dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran. Salah satu aplikasi yang dapat diterapkan adalah aplikasi google classroom, aplikasi tersebut dapat membantu guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran karena google classroom adalah produk google yang terhubung dengan gmail, drive, hangout, youtube dan calendar yang dalam. Banyaknya fasilitas yang disediakan google classroom akan memudahkan tenaga pendidik dan siswa agar saling terhubung untuk tetap melaksanakan kegiatan pembelajaran. Hasil akhir yang dicapai dalam kegiatan ini, baik secara kuantitatif maupun kualitatif adalah sebagai berikut ini. 1. Tenaga pendidik yang mengikuti pelatihan memperoleh pengetahuan tentang aplikasi google classroom. 2. Tenaga pendidik memiliki pemahaman tentang penerapan aplikasi google classroom. 3. Tenaga pendidik SD, SMP dan SMA, diharapkan dapat mengembangkan kemampuan dalam menerapkan aplikasi google classroom. 4. Tenaga pendidik Sekolah Dasar menjadi lebih termotivasi dalam mengembangkan aplikasi yang membantu pembelajaran sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman.
Effect of Financial Performance on Company Value With Corporate Social Responsibility as Moderating Variable
Authors: Nuuril Imaama Rahmatika , Fadjrih Asyik Nur , Suryono Bambang
Published: August 2022

This study aims to examine the effect of financial performance as measured by the Current Ratio (CR), Quick Ratio (QR), and Return On Investment (ROI), on firm value (PBV) with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as moderating. This type of research is quantitative research. The sample in this study was obtained using a purposive sampling method, namely the selection of a sampling with certain criteria. Based on the purposive sampling method, 261 samples were obtained from 87 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2018-2020 period. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) Interaction Test with SPSS 25 tool. The results show that: 1) Current Ratio (CR) has a negative effect on firm value, 2) Quick Ratio (QR) has an effect on positive effect on firm value, 3) Return On Investment (ROI) has a positive effect on firm value, 4) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is able to moderate the effect of Current Ratio (CR) on firm value, 5) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is not able to moderate the effect of Quick Ratio (QR) on firm value, 6) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is able to moderate the effect of Return On Investment (ROI) on firm value.
Pharmacognostical, physicochemical and phytochemical evaluation of Huberantha senjiana (Annonaceae) leaf: An endemic tree of Gingee Hills Tamil Nadu India
Authors: Pandiyan Rajakannu , Ilango Kaliappan
Published: August 2022

Context: Huberantha senjiana (Annonaceae) is a small tree found in dry rocky soils. It is an endemic species native to the Gingee hills of the Villupuram district of Tamil Nadu, India. The literature survey provides no scientific evidence on its pharmacognostical as well as pharmacological aspect. Aims: To evaluate the detailed pharmacognostical, physicochemical, and phytochemical characters of H. senjiana leaves. Methods: The pharmacognostic evaluation, such as macroscopic and microscopic characters of fresh leaf and powder, was done. Physicochemical constants like moisture content, extractive values, ash values, foaming index, swelling index, and fluorescence analysis were carried out. The phytochemical screening test and elemental analysis of the powdered leaves were also studied. Results: Microscopy of the leaf revealed a single layer of square-shaped epidermal cells, the adaxial epidermal layer is apostomatic, and the abaxial epidermal layer is stomatiferous with paracytic stomata, an arch-shaped vascular bundle, clusters of prismatic crystals, spongy parenchyma cells, and palisade cells. Prismatic calcium oxalate crystals, fibers, epidermal trichomes, palisade mesophyll, xylem vessels, and a fragment of the epidermal cell with paracytic stomata were also identified in the microscopy of powdered samples. The phytochemical analysis of sequential extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, carbohydrates, tannins, and steroids. The elemental analysis revealed the presence of heavy metals within the standard limit and trace elements in different concentrations. Conclusions: The pharmacognostical, physicochemical, and phytochemical data have been reported for the first time, which provides referential information for the right identification and standardization of this unexplored species.
Ethnobotanical study of plants used for medicinal, cosmetic, and food purposes in the region of Moulay Yacoub, Northeast of Morocco
Authors: El Khomsi Mostafa , Dandani Yousra , Chaachouay Noureddine , Hmouni Driss
Published: August 2022

Context: Medicinal and aromatic plants are used by people for various purposes, whether for health care, beauty, or as a food source. Aims: To valorize the knowledge about their uses, therapeutic, cosmetic, and food. Methods: The ethnobotanical study was conducted from November 1, 2019, to March 1, 2021, in the Moulay Yacoub region. A total of 407 local informants were interviewed. The methodological approach was open-ended and semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions based on therapeutic, cosmetic, and dietary criteria. Quantitative analyses were performed using basic statistics, use value (UV), family use value (FUV), plant part value (PPV), and informant agreement ratio (IAR). Results: A total of 104 plant species belonging to 46 families were identified. The majority of plants are used in phytotherapy (78.30%). The most frequent ailments reported were digestive (IAR = 0.9). The most used method of preparation was infusion (42.68%), the leaves were the most used part of the plant (PPV = 0.45), and Anchusa italica Retz (UV = 0.196) was the most commonly prescribed species by local herbalists, and Oleaceae (FUV = 0.16) was the most dominant family. Conclusions: This study showed the richness of the plants and the consistency of the knowledge of the natives on medicinal and aromatic plants. As part of this study, we are currently working on plants with curative effects to prove their efficacy in animal models, including Anchusa italica Retz, which was widely cited in this ethnobotanical study. Authors invite scientists to conduct further phytochemical and pharmacological research on medicinal plants from this region based on this study.
Impact of extraction mode on phytoconstituents and antidiabetic activity of extracts of Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand
Authors: Iftikhar Sadaf , Hussain Khalid , Saleem Muhammad , Shehzadi Naureen , Saghir Farhat , Shaukat Ayisha , Naheed Surriya , Siddique Sidra
Published: August 2022

Context: The extraction mode plays a key role in extracting a particular type of pharmacologically active compounds that can be isolated as leads to develop novel therapeutic molecules. Aims: To evaluate the impact of extraction mode on extract yield, phytochemicals constituents, and antidiabetic activity of different parts of the Calotropis procera. Methods: The different parts extracts were prepared by maceration and Soxhlet extraction. The resulting extracts were subjected to determining phytochemical constituents and antidiabetic activity using in vitro models (inhibition of alpha-amylase, glucose uptake by yeast cell, and inhibition of non-enzymatic Hb-glycation). Result: The yield of extracts was higher in Soxhlet extraction in both solvents compared to maceration. Likewise, methanol extract of all the parts prepared by Soxhlet extraction exhibited higher contents of total polyphenols and tannins (430.2 ± 0.99 and 228.3 ± 3.8, respectively). On the other hand, total flavonoids and terpenoids were more in all parts prepared by maceration. The extract of flower and stem prepared by maceration exhibited 64.87 ± 0.720%, 70.32 ± 0.75%, and 56.86 ± 0.13% antidiabetic activity in alpha-amylase enzyme, non – enzymatic Hb glycation inhibition, and glucose enhancement in yeast, respectively (p<0.05) as compared to standards. The IC50 of alpha-amylase inhibitory assay and non-enzymatic Hb-glycation was 600 µg/mL and 420 µg/mL, respectively, and EC50 for glucose uptake assay was 400 µg/mL. Conclusions: This study revealed that maceration extracts with higher flavonoid and terpenoid content have higher antidiabetic action than Soxhlet extracts. This study will assist in the future for the isolation of antidiabetic compounds from the plant.
Systematic review of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) extract and formulation in wound healing
Authors: Mat Sharil Abdul Talib , Ezzat Mustafa Basma , Widya Lestari , Nurhakim Mat Husin Amri , Nor Hikmah Ab Razak , Zafira Zainon Nabilah , Haris Muhammad Salahuddin
Published: August 2022

Context: Flaxseed constituents provide to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and wound healing benefits. Aims: To systematically review the experimental evidence on the wound healing ability of flaxseed extracts and formulations. Methods: Comprehensive searches in six databases (Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar and Dimensions) were carried out from the beginning of databases until December 2020, according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. The terms used in searches were (Linum usitatissimum L., flaxseed, linseed, flax) AND (extract) AND (wound heal, heal, heal type, wound) for collection of articles, with only articles in English and research articles were included. Transgenic term were excluded. AXIS tool was chosen to assess the quality and risk of bias. The data were then categorised in term of extracts, laboratory formulation, and wound healing. Results: In total, 999 articles were collected and screened based on the pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, 10 articles were included in the review. The majority of publications reported significant findings of flaxseed oil on wound healing regardless of extraction method and formulation. Healing parameters on excision, incision, and burn wound models were studied. Lack of laboratory formulation mentioned in the collected articles gave limitation impact on this study. Conclusions: Flaxseed oil formulation appears to exert a positive effect on wound healing. Therefore, extensive studies needed to evaluate the transportation of flaxseed phytochemicals into skin dermis by advanced drug formulation.
Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss. & Durieu: Antihyperglycemic activity via the inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and intestinal glucose absorption activities and its chemical composition
Authors: Bouknana Saliha , Daoudi Nour Elhouda , Bouhrim Mohamed , Ziyyat Abderrahim , Legssyer Abdelkhaleq , Mekhfi Hassane , Bnouham Mohamed
Published: August 2022

Context: Ammodaucus leucotrichus commonly known as a ‘Kamune es sufi or akâman’ in Morocco, is used to treat many diseases including diabetes. Aims: To investigate the antihyperglycemic activity of an aqueous extract of fruits A. leucotrichus (AEAL) and its chemical composition. Methods: The antihyperglycemic effect of the AEAL was tested against intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase activities, in vitro, at the concentrations (41-328 µg/mL) and (0.5-3 mg/mL) respectively. In addition, the inhibitory effect of the AEAL (150 mg/kg) against these enzymes was confirmed, in vivo in normal and alloxan diabetic rats using sucrose, starch, and glucose as a substrate.The antihyperglycemic effect of the AEAL was also tested against intestinal D-glucose absorption activity at the dose of 150 mg/kg using the jejunum segment perfusion technique, in situ. Chemical composition was evaluated using HPLC. Results: The results of this study showed that the AEAL was significantly (p<0.001) inhibited the intestinal α-glucosidase, in vitro (IC50 = 0.254 mg/mL). The same effect of this extract was confirmed against the pancreatic α-amylase activity, with IC50 = 1.81 mg/mL. In vivo, the oral intake of the AEAL at a dose of 150 mg/kg was significantly attenuated the hyperglycemia induced by the sucrose, starch, and glucose in the normal and alloxan diabetic rats. AEAL, also, significantly (p<0.01) decreased intestinal glucose absorption, in situ.HPLC results revealed the presence of four molecules: vanillin, quercetin, kaempferol, and thymol. Conclusions: A. leucotrichus showed a significant antihyperglycemic activity. This effect can be explained by the inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase activities, and the intestinal absorption of D-glucose.
Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC: A systematic review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology
Authors: Aziz Farina , Rahman Fahad Imtiaz , Huque Sumaiya , Ether Sadia Afruz , Hasan Choudhury Mahmood , Ahsan Monira
Published: August 2022

Context: Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC is a plant rich in essential oils, terpenes, coumarins, and alkaloids, among others, and has traditionally been used by tribal healers for decades. But as yet, there is no systematic and critical review on this plant to document the phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of its isolated compounds. Aims: To systematically review reports about the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacological effects and clinical trials of the plant. It also attempts to provide critical assessment of the existing knowledge and research gaps. Methods: Science Direct, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar were used to collect the relevant research performed on Z. rhetsa, and the discussed dataset finally included 48 articles. Results: The plant has been used traditionally to treat fever, pain, dysentery, cholera, eczema, and rheumatism, among others. Z. rhetsa was found to be abundant in terpenes, coumarins, lignans, alkaloids with broad pharmacological effects, including anti-photo aging, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antidiarrheal, anthelmintic activities. Studies also revealed its potential use as a food supplement rich in ALA and a functional ingredient in food as a spice. Most pharmacological studies were grounded on crude extracts of the plant, and there is a lack of evidence-based bioactivity-guided research to identify the bioactive compounds. Several research priorities have also been identified, which need to be addressed in the future. Conclusions: Overall, the review attempts to critically assess the existing knowledge and research gaps that can contribute toward improving the prospect of Z. rhetsa as a source of lead molecules in drug discovery.
Automedicación en pacientes mayores de 18 años en centros de salud de Honduras
Authors: Carias Alejandro , Orellana Karen , Cruz Wendy , Rodriguez Rivas Fredy , Naira David , Simons Morales Perla
Published: August 2022

Context: Inappropriate self-medication is seen as a global public health concern. Without appropriate professional healthcare guidance, a variety of issues can arise with potentially serious consequences to one’s personal health. Aims: To describe self-medication in outpatients aged 18 years or over who attended public health care centers in Honduras. Methods: A sample of 4573 people was chosen using a cluster sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was applied. Study variables included: sociodemographic factors, frequency and reasons for self-medicating, kind of medicine and sources of acquisition. Results: With a minimum age of 18 years and a maximum age of 94 years, women predominated with 3340 (73.0%), originated from the department of Francisco Morazán with 1186 (25.9%) persons, primary complete in 1042 (22.8%) persons, and with a monthly household income of less than $171.41 in 1462 (32.0%) persons, 3035 (66.4%) people reported knowing what self-medication is, but 2365 (51.7%) of them were unaware of the consequences of self-medication and 2385 (52.2%) people used medications in the last three months without a prescription. Conclusions: The frequency of self-medication in the studied population shows the need to implement national prevention and promotion initiatives in the rational use of medicines, emphasizing the consequences of self-medication, as well as the creation of stricter surveillance and regulation policies in the sale of medicines.
The use of insulin in treatment for inpatients with diabetes in Can Tho, Vietnam 2017 to 2020
Authors: Huynh Duyen Thi My , Vo Duyen Quang Loc , Tran Van De
Published: August 2022

Context: Diabetes is a dangerous chronic disease with a rapidly increasing rate of hospitalization and death. Patients with uncontrolled diabetes are prone to dangerous acute and chronic complications. Aims: To determine the characteristics of insulin use and factors related to blood glucose control in inpatients with diabetes at the Department of General Medicine-Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study on 390 medical records of inpatients with diabetes at the Department of General Medicine-Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from 2017 to 2020. Results: Most hospitalized patients had poor control of HbA1c (52.3%). During the treatment, patients were regularly tested for blood sugar and 3.8% of them had hypoglycemic test patterns. The rate of good control of fasting blood glucose at hospital discharge accounted for the majority with 67.4%. Regarding the insulin use, premixed insulin was used the most with a rate of 77.5% and insulin monotherapy accounted for 73.3%. The mean insulin dose was 23.4 ± 10.6 UI/day. Factors such as HbA1c index, comorbidities, and insulin doses were associated with poor glycemic control of inpatients. Conclusions: The selection of insulin use in inpatients with diabetes was consistent with global guidelines and actual situations at the hospital. It is necessary to monitor factors such as HbA1c index, comorbidities, and insulin doses because these factors are associated with poor glycemic control of inpatients.
Pharmacognostical standardisation of an epiphytic orchid, Luisia tenuifolia Blume
Authors: Sethuraman Sakthi P. , Ramachandran Kumar P.
Published: August 2022

Context: Pharmacognostical standardization of crude drugs is essential before carrying out its scientific validation as it furnishes the identity and authenticity of the plant. Luisia tenuifolia Blume also known as ‘slender leaved Luisia’, has been found to be traditionally practised in treating cuts, boils, wounds and abscesses. Aims: To perform the pharmacognostical investigation of L. tenuifolia and thereby reporting the morpho-anatomical, histochemical and physico-chemical characteristics of the epiphyte. Methods: Anatomical characteristic features were observed from the transverse sections of the plant specimens while staining of the transverse sections by using suitable chemical reagents was performed for the histochemical analysis. Moreover, the powder microscopy, physicochemical parameters and fluorescence analysis were also carried out on the pulverised whole plants of L. tenuifolia. Results: The morphological and anatomical characteristics revealed in the study will remain as valuable diagnostic features in the botanical authentication of this orchid. The powder microscopical characters revealed the presence of epidermal fragments and paracytic stomata, fibres, vessel elements and sclereids. The histochemical profile of different parts of the epiphyte showed the localisation of tannins, starch, lipids, lignin, mucilage, protein, cutin and calcium oxalate crystals in the tissue system. The physico-chemical parameters and fluorescence observations determined the pharmacopoieal standards of the plant in powdered form. Conclusions: Thus, the study records the morpho-anatomical, histochemical and physicochemical standards of the whole plants of L. tenuifolia in order to achieve pharmacognostical standardization of this epiphytic orchid. Further, phytochemical standardization and pharmacological validation are under pipeline owing towards an effective phyto-pharmacological research.
Essential oils from Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton grains and Cinnamomum verum J. Presl barks: Chemical examination and bioactivity studies
Authors: Al-Zereini Wael A. , Al-Trawneh Ibrahim N. , Al-Qudah Mahmoud A. , TumAllah Heba M. , Al Rawashdeh Hamas A. , Abudayeh Zaed H.
Published: August 2022

Context: Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton grains and Cinnamomum verum J. Presl barks are immensely consumed by Jordanian population as food flavoring and remedies in treating different disorders without awareness of their effect or dose toxicity. Aims: To evaluate the antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of essential oils (EOs) hydro-distilled from E. cardamomum grains and C. verum barks. Methods: Hydro-distillation was carried out using Clevenger apparatus; the EOs were analyzed using GC/MS, and their constituents were quantified using GC/FID. The antibacterial activity was determined by agar diffusion test and micro-broth dilution assay, while the antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS scavenging assays. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated against the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Results: E. cardamomum EO was most effective against Bacillus subtilis with MIC 3.75 µL/mL and exhibited antioxidant activity in DPPH assay with IC50 0.057 ±0.013 µL/mL (0.076 ±0.017 µL EO/µg Trolox®) but was ineffective in the ABTS test up to 5 µL/mL; 86.22% of its EO constituent are oxygenated monoterpenes with α-terpinyl acetate as the major component. Whilst C. verum EO was active against both tested Gram-positive and negative bacterial strains with MIC 1.25-5.00 µL/mL but was devoid of significant antioxidant activity up to 5 µL/mL; phenylpropanoids constituted 69.48% of its EO with E-cinnamaldehyde as the major component. Both EOs showed cytotoxic activity against the breast cancer cell line withIC50 0.14-0.46 µL/mL. Conclusions: The current results unveil the potential application of C. verum and E. cardamomum in complementary and alternative medicine as biosafe remedies besides their usage as flavoring and seasoning sources.
Computational study of Curcuma zanthorrhiza Roxb compounds as potential antidiabetic towards alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and Keap1 inhibition
Authors: Prasetyawan Sasangka , Safitri Anna , Rahayu Sri
Published: August 2022

Context: Curcuma zanthorrhiza Roxb is traditionally used as a medicinal herb that is believed might cure some diseases. However, there is still a lack of information about the underlying mechanism of bioactive compounds from C. zanthorrhiza, which has antidiabetic properties. Aims: To analyze the bioactive compounds of C. zanthorrhiza as inhibitors of alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and Keap1, which play a significant role in diabetes mellitus (DM) progression. Methods: The bioactive compounds of C. zanthorrhiza were screened its antidiabetic activity by PASS server. To determine the interaction between selected active compounds of C. zanthorrhiza, molecular docking was performed by PyRx 0.8 software and visualized in Biovia Discovery Studio and PyMol, respectively. The pharmacological properties of selected active compounds of C. zanthorrhiza were then evaluated using the Lipinski rule and SwissADME. Results: There were 20 from 60 bioactive compounds of C. zanthorrhiza, which have antidiabetic properties. The molecular docking analysis revealed that five from 20 bioactive compounds might be inhibiting alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and Keap1. Curcumin might be potential as an alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and Keap1 inhibitor. Curcumin and xanthorrizol were the compounds that meet pharmacological properties criteria. Conclusions: The data suggested that C. zanthorriza compounds may be a promising inhibitor candidate of three key target proteins that have been highly involved in DM. Further research is needed to validate the in vitro and in vivo activity of the C. zanthorrhiza compounds or be used as a primary compound for target DM progression.
Efficacy of fractional flow reserve measurement in the assessment of stenotic lesions of coronary artery
Authors: Ho Anh Binh , Nguyen Ngoc Son , Ngo Le Xuan , Cao-Thi Thuy Phuong , Phan Anh Khoa , Hoang Anh Tien , Nguyen Cuu Loi
Published: August 2022

Context: The decision to perform an intervention on a narrowed coronary artery depends on the ischemia caused by the stenosis. The indication for intervention usually applies to cases with ≥70% stenosis of vascular diameter because of the risk of myocardial ischemia. Aims: To define the efficacy of fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement in the evaluation of coronary artery stenosis. Methods: This prospective study was conducted on patients with intermediate coronary artery stenosis who underwent quantitative coronary angiography after coronary computed tomography angiography. Results: The study population consisted of 46 men and 26 women with a mean age of 66.0 ± 12.9 years. FFR was significantly correlated with the grade of angina pectoris (r = – 0.387; p<0.01) and showed a negative correlation with percentage diameter stenosis (r = – 0.241, p<0.05) and a positive correlation with the minimal lumen diameter (MLD; r = 0.377, p<0.05). The cut-off value to predict positive FFR was >55.62% diameter stenosis and MLD ≤ 1.08 mm. FFR ≤ 0.80 indicating intervention and FFR > 0.80 indicating medical therapy were observed in 56.9% and 43.1% of the cases, respectively. No major cardiac complications occurred during 12 months of follow-up in both groups. Conclusions: FFR measurements for intermediate stenosis of the coronary artery should be used to evaluate the possibility of myocardial ischaemia. If FFR is not available, a cut-off point of >55.62% diameter stenosis or MLD ≤ 1.08 mm can be used to predict the FFR results.
Macroscopical and microscopical analysis of selected Indian medicinal plants and HPTLC method for quantification of chemical markers in a polyherbal formulation
Authors: Shalini Karunanithi , Ilango Kaliappan
Published: August 2022

Context: Pharmacognostical standardization of crude drugs is essential before carrying out its scientific validation as it furnishes the identity and authenticity of the plant. The present work was undertaken to establish the macroscopic, microscopical evaluation and HPTLC densitometric analysis of selected Indian medicinal plants and polyherbal mixture. Aims: To explore the pharmacognostical and quantitative estimation of chemical markers lupeol, rutin and shatavarin IV in polyherbal formulation using HPTLC analysis. Methods: Pharmacognostical features were studied by the macroscopic and microscopical analysis were done. High-performance thin-layer chromatography was performed to evaluate the presence of lupeol, rutin and shatavarin IV in n-hexane:ethyl acetate (6:4 v/v), ethyl acetate:acetic acid:formic acid; methanol (10:1.1:1.1:2.6 v/v) and chloroform:acetic acid:water:methanol (5:3.5:1.5:1 v/v) for lupeol, rutin and shatavarin IV, respectively. Results: The Rf values for lupeol (0.90), rutin (0.36) and shatavarin IV (0.89) in samples and reference standard were found comparable under UV light at 550, 254 and 429 nm, respectively. The quantified values of lupeol, rutin and shatavarin IV (0.067, 0.053 and 0.048 ng/g, respectively) in the polyherbal formulation were detected using HPTLC analysis. The high-performance thin-layer chromatography method developed for quantization was simple, accurate and specific. Conclusions: The present study provides useful information about plant characters and standardization of specific and accurate tools to develop quantifications for identity, transparency and reproducibility of chemical markers in polyherbal formulation.
Induction of apoptosis by Ruta chalepensis L. essential oil in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7)
Authors: Althaher Arwa R. , Oran Sawsan A. , Bustanji Yasser K.
Published: August 2022

Context: Recent scientific studies have reported that essential oils induce apoptosis in various cancer cell types by interfering with intracellular signaling pathways. Aims: To evaluate the cytotoxicity, the apoptotic activity of essential oil (EO) of Ruta chalepensis L. against MCF-7 cell line. Methods: Cytotoxicity was determined using methyl thiazol tetrazolium assay. The apoptotic activity of EO was analyzed using annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide binding flow cytometry. The cell morphology was inspected under an inverted microscope. DAPI staining assay was used for the morphological observation. Activation of caspases-3/7, -8, and-9 was assessed using a caspase assay kit. Results: Ruta chalepensis essential oil significantly inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells at 72 h. Moreover, the results showed that cell death is associated with the apoptotic process, and the number of apoptotic cells was significantly increased in the groups treated with EO than in control cells. The main morphological hallmarks of apoptosis in the nucleus were membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, and nuclear fragmentation. Also, R. chalepensis EO-induced apoptosis in the MCF-7 cell line was via the extrinsic caspase-8 dependent pathway in a dose and time-dependent manner. Conclusions: Ruta chalepensis essential oil demonstrated significant apoptotic activity against experimental breast carcinoma. Therefore, it could be introduced as a suitable candidate for breast cancer therapy after further investigation.
Evaluating the impact of COVID-19 on mental health of the public in Jordan: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Suleiman Yara A. , Abdel-Qader Derar H. , Suleiman Bashar A. , Suleiman Adel H. , Hamadi Salim , Al Meslamani Ahmad Z.
Published: August 2022

Context: Although the COVID-19 pandemic was expected to have a significant impact on the mental health of the Jordanian population, there have been few studies to investigate the nature and magnitude of the impact. Aims: To assess the potential psychiatric disorders induced by the current pandemic and evaluate the relevant risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional national survey-based study was conducted over 3 months (August to October, 2020) in 12 governorates in Jordan using random proportionate sampling; the questionnaire being answered in face-to-face interviews with a randomly selected sample of the adult population aged 18 years and older, to collect data from 1820 individuals. The modified Kessler scale was validated by a multidisciplinary committee. SPSS V26 was used for data analysis. Results: Findings indicated that due to the COVID-19 pandemic, 11.4% (207/1820) of participants had severe mental disorders, 25.4% (462/1820) moderate mental disorders, while 34.7% (632/1820) were without any mental issues. Predictors for severe mental disorder were: monthly income (<500 JOD) {OR: 3.6, 95%CI: 3.12-7.68, p = 0.01}, Employment status (unemployed) {OR: 2.4, 95%CI: 1.45-4.96, p = 0.001}, and those diagnosed with diabetes {OR: 1.9, 95%CI: 1.13-3.63, p = 0.03}. Conclusions: COVID-19 pandemic had a notable impact on the mental health of people living in Jordan. People who had low monthly income (<500 JOD) or were unemployed were mostly affected as well as diabetes patients. These cases were recognized as significant risk factors for moderate and severe mental disorders. Appropriate psychiatric and economic interventions were recommended to improve the mental preparedness for pandemics among the population in Jordan.
Effect of Vitis gracilis Wall (gagatan harimau) in the recovery of gastrocnemius muscle cells and cytochrome c expression of Mus musculus
Authors: Wasnis Nila Zusmita , Ilyas Syafruddin , Hutahaean Salomo , Silaban Ramlan , Situmorang Putri C.
Published: August 2022

Context: Physical exercise with maximum intensity to fatigue can cause impaired immunity. Gastrocnemius muscle damage is found in eccentric activities in sports. Vitis gracilis has been proven as a healing agent for degenerative diseases. Aims: To determine whether the V. gracilis Wall extract can recovery of gastrocnemius muscle cells of Mus musculus through reduced inflammatory cells and cytochrome c expression. Methods: The studies turned into performed in 5 groups of remedies withinside the study. The remedy groups consisted of T1: Negative control (no treatment), T2: Positive control (Swim Until the First Sink/SUFS) + Vit. C 0.2 mg/kg BW, T3: SUFS + 50 g/kg BW of V. gracilis, T4: SUFS + 75 g/kg BW of V. gracilis and T5: SUFS + 100 g/kg BW of V. gracilis. Mice were dissected and then the leg were taken for analysis of gastrocnemius muscle cells in immunohistochemistry. Results: There was a significant difference (p<0.01) using the ANOVA one-way test on inflammatory cells in gastronomeus muscle tissue of Mus musculus and cytochrome c expression. V. gracilis 100 mg/kg BW can repair and reduce inflammatory cells in the gastronomic muscle tissue. The expression of cytochrome c protein becomes weaker when it is increased. Conclusions: V. gracilis can recover gastrocnemius muscle cells of Mus musculus through reduced inflammatory cells and cytochrome c expression because of swim exercise.
Development of a multi-epitope spike glycoprotein vaccine to combat SARS-CoV-2 using the bioinformatics approach
Authors: Shehzad Aamir , Sumartono Christijogo , Nugraha Jusak , Susilowati Helen , Wijaya Andi Yasmin , Ahmad Hafiz Ishfaq , Kashif Muhammad , Tyasningsih Wiwiek , Rantam Fedik Abdul
Published: August 2022

Context: The current COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted health and socio-economic status worldwide. The only way to combat this situation is to develop an effective vaccine and immunize people around the globe. Aims: To construct a multi-epitope spike glycoprotein-based vaccine from the SARS-CoV-2 Surabaya isolate using a bioinformatics approach. Methods: The spike protein was submitted to IEDB, VaxiJen, AllerTOP, and ToxinPred webservers to predict antigenic, non-allergic, non-toxic, B- and T-cell epitopes. To develop a multi-epitope vaccine, an adjuvant cholera toxin B subunit was linked to B-cell and B-cell with T-cell through EAAAK and GPGPG linkers, respectively. The designed vaccine 3D structure development, refinement, and validation were done through PHYRE2, Galaxy Refine, and RAMPAGE webservers. Moreover, the Cluspro-2.0 webserver was used for the molecular docking of the vaccine designed with TLR3. The vaccine+TLR3 complex was docked with Surfactant protein A as a control to validate the docking results. Finally, immune-simulation and in silico cloning of the vaccine were carried out by C-ImmSim webserver and SnapGene software, respectively. Results: A multi-epitopic vaccine containing B and T-cell was developed using 392 amino acids with a molecular weight of 40825.59 Da. The docking and immunogenicity results of the vaccine met all established parameters for constructing a quality vaccine. Furthermore, the optimized sequence of the vaccine was successfully cloned in expression vector pET 28 a (+) that yielded a colon of 2724 bp. Conclusions: The vaccine’s immunogenicity demonstrates its effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further confirmatory testing may therefore be performed as soon as possible in the public interest.
Effect of Nigella sativa L. extract on improving memory function through reducing GSK3β activation and Aβ42/40 ratio
Authors: Andriana Kusuma , Nurdiana Nurdiana , Barlianto Wisnu , Wiyasa I Wayan Arsana , Rahayu Masruroh
Published: August 2022

Context: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the biggest causes of public health problems today, especially in older, where women have a greater risk of developing AD than men. However, the current AD therapy has not been satisfactory. Nigella sativa(NS) has bioactive compounds of flavonoid compounds and estrogenic effects that could be alternative medicine. Aims: To evaluate an extract of N. sativa on improving memory function through reducing GSK3β activation and Aβ42/40 ratio in a model of AD in rats. Methods: This research was an experimental study with the post-test-only group design using 24 Wistar rats divided into eight groups. Conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) 0.018-0.0036 mg/day and NS 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW were administered orally two weeks before intraperitoneal AlCl3 induction, then continued for up to 8 weeks. In the last five days of the study, the Morris water maze memory test was performed to analyze the expression of amyloid β (Ab), neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and Aβ42/40 ratio. Results: There were significant differences in the memory test (p = 0.000), the expression Aβ40 (p = 0.000), Aβ42 (p = 0.000), NFT (p = 0.000) and GSK3β levels (p = 0.000). The lowest expression of Aβ40 in the NS100 group, Aβ42 in the NS400, NFT in the CEE group, and GSK3β levels in the NS100 group. Administration of NS increased the plasma ratio of Ab42/40 with the highest mean in the CEE group (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The administration of NS extract affected improving memory function by decreasing the expression of Aβ, NFT, GSK3β in ovariectomized Wistar rats supplemented with AlCl3.