bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-Risk Repair of Traumatic Mitral Valve Rupture in the Setting of Polytrauma
Authors: Paisley Michael , Deboard Zachary , Thomas Donald
Published: February 2018

Background The rare complication of mitral valve rupture from blunt trauma is certainly not at the top of the differential of shock.

Case Description We report the case of a 56-year-old woman who sustained numerous injuries after a 30-m fall with cardiogenic shock secondary to mitral valve rupture causing severe mitral valve regurgitation. Management included successful primary leaflet repair, annuloplasty, and single vessel coronary artery bypass.

Conclusion Valvular repair in the setting of polytrauma is a complex decision that requires careful balance of risks and benefits relative to patient stability.
Endoscopic Endonasal Transplanum–Transtuberculum Sellae Approach for the Resection of a Diaphragma Sellae Meningioma
Authors: Barbero Juan , Montaser Alaa , Todeschini Alexandre , Shahein Mostafa , Otto Bradley , Carrau Ricardo , Prevedello Daniel
Published: February 2018

The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) provides a direct access to diaphragma sellae meningiomas. We present a case of a 56-year-old-female with an incidentally diagnosed sellar/suprasellar lesion with no hormonal deficit; thus, she opted for conservative management initially. During her annual follow-up appointment with her ophthalmologist, it was noticed that the patient had right eye peripheral deficit on formal visual field testing. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an enlargement of the sellar/suprasellar mass, causing displacement of the optic chiasm. A transplanum–transtuberculum EEA was performed. Gross-total removal was achieved and closure was done in a multilayer fashion using a collagen matrix, nasoseptal flap. Histopathological examination confirmed a meningioma WHO grade I. There were no intra- or postoperative complications. At 4-year-follow-up, the patient has stable vision and MRI brain showed no recurrence.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/xY8T9hotlDs.
Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Complex Macroadenoma with Suprasellar and Retrochiasmatic Extension
Authors: Najera Edinson , Snyderman Carl , Fernandez-Miranda Juan
Published: February 2018

In this video, we describe the technical nuances of an endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for a complex macroadenoma with suprasellar and retrochiasmatic extension. The patient is a 51-year-old male with several years' history of progressive visual loss. Neuro-ophthalmology assessment revealed a profound visual loss with homonymous hemianopsia and left optic nerve atrophy. His pituitary hormonal profile was normal. The options for surgical approach included transcranial, endoscopic endonasal, or a combination of both. An EEA was the preferred surgical option, because it allows for early identification of the pituitary gland, and provides access to the suprasellar region including pre- and retrochiasmatic spaces, which facilitates tumor removal while minimizing manipulation of the optic apparatus. While most pituitary adenomas do not require extracapsular subarachnoidal dissection, there are complex adenomas with subarachnoidal invasion and multilobulated morphology, such as the one presented here, that require a combination of internal debulking, extracapsular and subarachnoidal dissection. The technique presented here allows for complete tumor resection, avoiding the risk of postoperative apoplexy of residual adenoma, and facilitates identification of perforating branches and neural structures that require meticulous preservation. Here, we also illustrate the proper management of reconstruction-related complications. Postoperative course was complicated with meningitis with necrotic nasoseptal flap and required surgical debridement, new inferior turbinate flap, fascia lata, lumbar drain, and 6-week antibiotic treatment. Imaging follow-up showed complete removal of tumor. The patient had significant improvement in visual fields and left visual acuity, and no postoperative hormonal dysfunction.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/9T5b167bVJA.
Golgi Fragmentation in Human Patients with Chronic Atrial Fibrillation: A New Aspect of Remodeling
Authors: Jungk Luisa , Franke Heike , Salameh Aida , Dhein Stefan
Published: February 2018

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common chronic arrhythmia in elderly people and is accompanied by remodeling processes. While much is known about changes in ionic channels and in extracellular matrix, less is known about possible changes of intracellular structures.

Objective We wanted to investigate, whether AF may also affect the structure of the Golgi apparatus and the microtubular network.

Methods One-hundred fifty-three cardiac surgery patients were investigated [n = 24 in sinus rhythm (SR) and n = 129 with chronic AF of >1 year duration]. Tissue samples of the left atrial free wall were examined immunohistochemically. Golgi apparatus was detected by GM130 and its phosphorylated isoform. Furthermore, we investigated the length of the microtubules by α-tubulin staining. We also measured stathmin (phospho-S37), which is known to induce microtubule depolymerization. In addition, we investigated the cyclin-dependent kinase cdk5-activation, a typical stimulus for Golgi fragmentation, by measuring membrane-associated cdk5.

Results We found significant fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus in AF together with a reduced fragment size. Significant more fragments of the Golgi were found lateral to the nucleus in AF, while the Golgi in SR was located more to the polar side of the nucleus, that is, in the longitudinal axis of the cell. This was accompanied by a significant reduction of the number of tubulin strands longer than 10 µm. These changes did not go along with an activation of stathmin, but with an increase in membrane association of cdk5.

Conclusions The present data may show that AF associated remodeling also involves intracellular remodeling of the Golgi-microtubular apparatus.
Donorvigilanz
Authors: Moog Rainer , Burkhardt Thomas
Published: February 2018

Donorvigilanz – die Erfassung von unerwünschten Reaktionen und Zwischenfällen bei der Blutspende – ist ein wichtiger Baustein des Qualitätssicherungssystems von Blutspendediensten. Es ist das oberste Ziel, dass die uneigennützige Blutspende sicher und nebenwirkungsarm für den Spender ist. Untersuchungen zeigen, dass unangenehme Erfahrungen bei der Blutspende neben persönlichem Missempfinden des Spenders auch negative Einflüsse auf die Wiedervorstellungsrate zur Blutspende haben. Vom internationalen Hämovigilanznetzwerk wurden Einteilungen von unerwünschten Ereignissen und Reaktionen entwickelt, die einen länderübergreifenden Vergleich ermöglichen. Nationale Daten zeigen, dass Donorvigilanzereignisse und Reaktionen zunehmend gemeldet werden. Für die präparative Hämapherese existiert ein deutschsprachiges Melderegister. Die Auswertung von Donorvigilanzdaten ermöglicht es, den Spendeverlauf und die Spenderzufriedenheit zu optimieren.
Steriles Ankleiden, Abdecken der Tische, Öffnen der Siebe
Authors: Wagenhäuser Karl-Heinz , Wagenhäuser Kirsten
Published: February 2018

Instrumentenkunde, erster Teil Mit unserer Fotoserie „Instrumente im OP“ stellen wir Ihnen Schritt für
Schritt Instrumente und die dazugehörigen Abläufe vor. Die Serie ist ideal geeignet, um neue Mitarbeiter zu
informieren oder um eine Basis für die Entwicklung eigener Standards zu haben. Aber auch erfahrene
OP-Pflegende können routinemäßig durchgeführte Handlungen neu reflektieren und Anregungen in der Praxis
umsetzen.
Humor-Stolperer und Erfrischungsquellen
Authors: Hertlein Margit
Published: February 2018

Motivationsstrategien Damit Sie im stressigen OP-Alltag durchhalten, gibt unsere Autorin auf humorvolle
Weise Tipps, wie Sie sich und andere motivieren können – zum Nachmachen und Schmunzeln.
Die posteriore lamelläre Keratoplastik zur Behandlung von
Endothelerkrankungen
Authors: Bänninger Philipp B. , Konschak Claus
Published: February 2018

OP-Ablauf Die posteriore lamelläre Keratoplastik stellt ein verlässliches Verfahren zur schnellen
visuellen Rehabilitation von Patienten mit Erkrankungen des Hornhautendothels dar. Unsere Autoren von der
Augenklinik des Luzerner Kantonsspitals stellen die Technik der posterioren lamellären Keratoplastik mittels
Descemetstripping und Mikrokeratom (DSAEK: Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty) vor.
Hochauflösungsmanometrische Evaluation des velopharyngealen Verschlussdrucks beim
Trompetenspiel
Authors: Kühn Daniela , Ptok Martin , Jungheim Michael
Published: February 2018

Hintergrund Bei etwa einem Drittel der Blasmusiker kommt es zu belastungsbedingten Insuffizienzen des
velopharyngealen Abschlusses (VPA), d. h. der intraorale Druck übersteigt die durch den VPA gebildete
Barriere. In dieser Studie sollte der Verschlussdruck im VPA beim Spielen einer Trompete gemessen und über
prüft werden, welchen Einfluss eine 30-minütige Belastungssequenz auf die muskulären Aktivitäten im VPA
hat.

Material und Methoden Stichprobe: 6 gesunde Probanden. Aufgabe: Spielen des Tons h1 über 5 Sekunden mit
85 dB(A) und mit 100 dB(A). Methodik: Hochauflösungsmanometrie (HRM); Messzeitpunkte: t0: Messung ohne
Einspielphase, t1 nach 30 min Trompetenspiel mit vorgegebenen Musikstücken. Variablen: mittlere Drücke
(pmit), Minimal-(pmin)- sowie Maximaldrücke (pmax) zu t0 und t1 im VPA.
Statistik: Prüfung auf Normalverteilung, t-test.

Ergebnisse Alle gemessenen Drücke im VPA sanken von t0 zu t1 für produzierte 85 dB(A) Töne. Für
100 dB(A) Töne sanken nur die pmin. Die Drücke im VPA waren bei 100 dB(A) Tönen insgesamt höher als
bei 85 dB(A) Tönen, signifikant war dieser Unterschied nur für pmin und pmax zu t0.

Schlussfolgerung Lauter gespielte Töne erfordern eine stärkere muskuläre Kontraktion im VPA. Der
niedrigere Verschlussdruck im VPA zum Zeitpunkt t1 kann Folge einer physiologischen muskulären Adaptation an
das für den VPA notwendige Druckniveau oder bereits Zeichen einer muskulären Ermüdung sein. Dies ist
möglicherweise für den Einsatz der HRM zur Beurteilung der Berufsfähigkeit von Blasinstrumentalisten von
Bedeutung. Wie schon für die Phonation beschrieben, ließ sich auch hier mit einem dreiphasigen Modell,
bestehend aus Initiation, stabiler Phase und Terminierung, der VPA Druckverlauf beschreiben.
Resistance Training Threshold for Elevating Bone Mineral Density in Growing Female Rats
Authors: Dror Azriel , Virk Katie , Lee Kassandra , Gerston Aaron , Prakash Anuradha , Abbott Marcia , Jaque S. , Sumida Ken
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum amount of resistance exercise that would stimulate bone formation yielding an elevation in bone mineral density (BMD) during the growth period in female rats. Female rats were randomly divided into: Control (Con, n=8), 3 ladder climb resistance-trained group (3LC, n=8), 4 ladder climb resistance-trained group (4LC, n=8), 5 ladder climb resistance-trained group (5LC, n=8), and 6 ladder climb resistance-trained group (6LC, n=8). All exercised groups were conditioned to climb a vertical ladder with weights appended to their tail 3 days/wk for a total of 6 wks. After 6 wks, left tibia BMD (g/cm2) was significantly greater for 4LC (0.197±0.003), 5LC (0.200±0.004) and 6LC (0.202±0.003) when compared to Con (0.185±0.006). Left femur BMD (g/cm2) was significantly greater for 4LC (0.260±0.005), 5LC (0.269±0.004) and 6LC (0.272±0.006) when compared to Con (0.244±0.006). There were no significant differences in tibia and femur BMD between 4LC, 5LC, and 6LC groups. The results suggest that during growth, a high volume of resistance exercise was required to elicit an elevation in BMD in females.
Vorsicht Augentropfen!
Authors: Wendland Matthias
Published: February 2018

Die Anamnese ärztlich verordneter Augenarzneimittel darf nicht auf die leichte Schulter genommen werden. Die Mittel können Symptome verursachen, die eine klare Diagnose erschweren. Bei Glaukomerkrankungen steht eine Vielzahl von Arzneimitteln zur Verfügung, die zahlreiche Nebenwirkungen hervorrufen. Auch die Therapie entzündlicher Augenerkrankungen nutzt derartige Arzneimittel, die weitreichende Folgen haben, als Beispiel sei Kortison genannt. Gleiches gilt für Immunstimulanzien.
Kunsttherapie in der Palliativversorgung. Ein narratives Review. Teil II: Praxis- und Erfahrungsstand
Authors: Kortum Ria , Koch Sabine , Radbruch Lukas , Gruber Harald
Published: February 2018

Kunsttherapie ermöglicht Palliativpatienten, sich in ihrer existenziell bedrohlichen Situation kreativ zu betätigen, nonverbal über Tod und das Sterben zu kommunizieren sowie sich von Schmerzen und Ängsten abzulenken. In diesem 2. Teil des Reviews wird der Erfahrungsstand zur Kunsttherapie in der Palliativversorgung zusammengefasst und ein Ausblick auf zukünftige Forschungsarbeiten gegeben.
Die Lungenheilkunde und ihre Institutionen im Nationalsozialismus
Authors: Loddenkemper R. , Konietzko N. , Seehausen V.
Published: February 2018

Als die Nationalsozialisten 1933 an die Macht kamen, vollzog sich in der damaligen Gesundheitspolitik ein kompletter Paradigmenwechsel unter dem Grundsatz „Gemeinnutz geht vor Eigennutz“. In den ersten Jahren gab es eine intensive Diskussion darüber, ob die Tuberkulose (TB) mehr durch Erbanlagen oder durch Infektionen verursacht wird. Schließlich wurden die Argumente von führenden TB-Spezialisten akzeptiert, dass TB überwiegend eine Infektionskrankheit ist. Im Jahr 1939, dem Jahr, in dem Deutschland den Zweiten Weltkrieg begann, war die TB-Mortalität auf dem niedrigsten Stand, nur wenige Länder hatten niedrigere Raten. Die TB-Mortalität nahm während des Krieges in allen Bereichen zu, sowohl in der zivilen Bevölkerung als auch in der Wehrmacht sowie bei Kriegsgefangenen, ausländischen Zwangsarbeitern und in den Konzentrationslagern. Arbeitsunfähige TB-Kranke galten als biologischer und sozialer „Ballast“. Sie waren für die „Volksgemeinschaft“ wertlos und mussten sozial ausgegrenzt werden. So konnte man ihnen das im Sommer 1933 eingeführte „Ehestandsdarlehen“ verweigern, ab 1935 auch das Heiraten untersagen. Ab 1938 konnten „Offentuberkulöse“, die sich uneinsichtig zeigten, als „asoziale Bazillenstreuer“ durch Amtsärzte der staatlichen Gesundheitsämter – meist Lungenärzte – zwangsweise asyliert werden. Dort fielen unter gefängnisähnlichen Bedingungen und bei knapper Verpflegung die meisten Patienten in kurzer Zeit der TB zum Opfer. Besonders unmenschlich war der Umgang mit Häftlingen in den Konzentrationslagern, wo die Krankheit stark gehäuft auftrat. Tausende erlitten dort den vorzeitigen Tod durch planmäßige Vernachlässigung bis hin zum Verhungern, durch Missbrauch für medizinische Experimente, oder sie wurden schlichtweg ermordet. Im Vergleich zu den Vorkriegszahlen stieg die TB-Sterblichkeit um 160 – 240 % an. Mit Unterstützung der siegreichen alliierten Mächte wurde das TB-Kontrollsystem umstrukturiert und die Institutionen wie DGP und DZK neu gegründet. In den folgenden Jahren verbesserte sich die TB-Situation langsam, in der BRD zunächst etwas rascher als in der DDR.
Virginische Zaubernuss
Authors: Niedenthal Tobias
Published: February 2018

Adstringierend, antiphlogistisch und lokal hämostyptisch wirkende Arzneipflanze aus der Neuen Welt
3 Fachleute – 3 Behandlungsmethoden - Bluterguss
Authors: Inderst Rudolf , Bajic Cornelia , Stange Rainer
Published: February 2018

Bluterguss
Humor hilft heilen
Authors: von Hirschhausen Eckart
Published: February 2018

Humor ist überhaupt nichts Oberflächliches, sondern das tiefe Einverständnis in die Absurdität unserer Existenz. Im Lachen können Widersprüche bestehen bleiben, ohne dass sie aufgelöst zu werden brauchen. Schicksalsschläge wie Krankheit, Trennung und Tod sind Teil des Lebens und nicht die Ausnahme. Dass Humor dabei hilft, mit diesen Situationen besser zurechtzukommen, zeigt die Empirie schon lange. Der Essay gibt einen prägnanten Überblick zum Wirkfaktor Humor in der Medizin, die Erfahrungen des Autors und einen Ausblick auf die Möglichkeiten in der Praxis.
Three-body problem in d-dimensional space: Ground state, (quasi)-exact-solvability
Authors: Turbiner Alexander V. , Miller Willard , Escobar-Ruiz M. A.
Published: February 2018

As a straightforward generalization and extension of our previous paper [A. V. Turbiner et al., “Three-body problem in 3D space: Ground state, (quasi)-exact-solvability,” J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 50, 215201 (2017)], we study the aspects of the quantum and classical dynamics of a 3-body system with equal masses, each body with d degrees of freedom, with interaction depending only on mutual (relative) distances. The study is restricted to solutions in the space of relative motion which are functions of mutual (relative) distances only. It is shown that the ground state (and some other states) in the quantum case and the planar trajectories (which are in the interaction plane) in the classical case are of this type. The quantum (and classical) Hamiltonian for which these states are eigenfunctions is derived. It corresponds to a three-dimensional quantum particle moving in a curved space with special d-dimension-independent metric in a certain d-dependent singular potential, while at d = 1, it elegantly degenerates to a two-dimensional particle moving in flat space. It admits a description in terms of pure geometrical characteristics of the interaction triangle which is defined by the three relative distances. The kinetic energy of the system is d-independent; it has a hidden sl(4, R) Lie (Poisson) algebra structure, alternatively, the hidden algebra h(3) typical for the H3 Calogero model as in the d = 3 case. We find an exactly solvable three-body S3-permutationally invariant, generalized harmonic oscillator-type potential as well as a quasi-exactly solvable three-body sextic polynomial type potential with singular terms. For both models, an extra first order integral exists. For d = 1, the whole family of 3-body (two-dimensional) Calogero-Moser-Sutherland systems as well as the Tremblay-Turbiner-Winternitz model is reproduced. It is shown that a straightforward generalization of the 3-body (rational) Calogero model to d > 1 leads to two primitive quasi-exactly solvable problems. The extension to the case of non-equal masses is straightforward and is briefly discussed.
Induced ferromagnetism in multilayered graphene in proximity with CoFe2O4
Authors: Verma Himanshu , Seifu Dereje , Karna Shashi P. , Hong Haiping , Seehra Mohindar S.
Published: February 2018

Composites of anisotropic diamagnetic multilayer Graphene (MLG) and ferrimagnetic CoFe2O4 (CFO) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized through a one-step sonication process in the presence of a surfactant. The samples were characterized at ambient using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy, magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and magnetometry (vibrating sample magnetometer). An induced ferromagnetism was observed in MLG with saturation magnetization MS = 18 emu/g(MLG). This induced ferromagnetism is attributed to ferrimagnetic CFO uniformly distributed on the surface of diamagnetic MLG. SEM images confirm uniform dense distribution of CFO nanoparticles on MLG. MFM images confirm the formation of larger magnetic domains in the composite sample of MLG/CFO. The measured coercivity HC = 3.6 Oe of MLG/CFO composite is much smaller than HC = 32.4 Oe of pristine CFO NPs; this difference in HC is attributed to the effect of change in surface anisotropy.
Pressure effect on micellization of non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100
Authors: Espinosa Yanis R. , Caffarena Ernesto R. , Martínez Yanina Berrueta , Grigera J. Raúl
Published: February 2018

Micellar aggregates can be arranged in new types of conformational assemblies when they are isotropically compressed. Thus, the pressure effects in the underlying fundamental interactions leading to self-assembly of micellar aggregates can be represented by changes in the phase boundaries with increasing pressure. In this paper, we have employed molecular dynamics simulations to study the self-assembly of micelles composed of the non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 at the atomic scale, monitoring the changes in the solvation dynamics when the micelles are subjected to a wide range of hydrostatic pressures. The computational molecular model was capable of self-assembling and forming a non-ionic micelle, which subsequently was coupled to a high-pressure barostat producing a geometric transition of the micelle due to changes in the solvation dynamics. Accordingly, under a high pressure regime, the hydrogen bonds are redistributed, the water density is modified, and water acts as an unstructured liquid, capable of penetrating into the micelle.
Angular dependence of coercivity in isotropically aligned Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets
Authors: Matsuura Yutaka , Nakamura Tetsuya , Sumitani Kazushi , Kajiwara Kentaro , Tamura Ryuji , Osamura Kozo
Published: February 2018

In order to understand the coercivity mechanism in Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets, the angular dependence of the coercivity of an isotropically aligned Nd15Co1.0B6Febal. sintered magnet was investigated through magnetization measurements using a vibrating sample magnetometer. These results are compared with the angular dependence calculated under the assumption that the magnetization reversal of each grain follows the Kondorskii law or, in other words, the 1/cos θ law for isotropic alignment distributions. The calculated angular dependence of the coercivity agrees very well with the experiment for magnetic fields applied between angles of 0 and 60°, and it is expected that the magnetization reversal occurs in each grain individually followed the 1/cos θ law. In contrast, this agreement between calculation and experiment is not found for anisotropic Nd-Fe-B samples. This implies that the coercivity of the aligned magnets depends upon the de-pinning of the domain walls from pinning sites. When the de-pinning occurs, it is expected that the domain walls are displaced through several grains at once.
Revisiting imidazolium based ionic liquids: Effect of the conformation bias of the [NTf2] anion studied by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Neumann Jan , Golub Benjamin , Odebrecht Lisa-Marie , Ludwig Ralf , Paschek Dietmar
Published: February 2018

We study ionic liquids composed of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cations and bis(trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl)imide anions ([CnMIm][NTf2]) with varying chain-length n = 2, 4, 6, 8 by using molecular dynamics simulations. We show that a reparametrization of the dihedral potentials as well as charges of the [NTf2] anion leads to an improvement of the force field model introduced by Köddermann, Paschek, and Ludwig [ChemPhysChem 8, 2464 (2007)] (KPL-force field). A crucial advantage of the new parameter set is that the minimum energy conformations of the anion (trans and gauche), as deduced from ab initio calculations and Raman experiments, are now both well represented by our model. In addition, the results for [CnMIm][NTf2] show that this modification leads to an even better agreement between experiment and molecular dynamics simulation as demonstrated for densities, diffusion coefficients, vaporization enthalpies, reorientational correlation times, and viscosities. Even though we focused on a better representation of the anion conformation, also the alkyl chain-length dependence of the cation behaves closer to the experiment. We strongly encourage to use the new NGOLP (Neumann, Golub, Odebrecht, Ludwig, Paschek) force field for the [NTf2] anion instead of the earlier KPL parameter set for computer simulations aiming to describe the thermodynamics, dynamics, and also structure of imidazolium-based ionic liquids.
Gradient chemical order in the relaxor Pb(Mg1∕3Nb2∕3)O3
Authors: Cabral Matthew J. , Zhang Shujun , Dickey Elizabeth C. , LeBeau James M.
Published: February 2018

Here, we apply aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy to quantify chemical ordering in the relaxor Pb(Mg1∕3Nb2∕3)O3 (PMN). We find that contrary to the prevailing model of a binary distribution of chemically ordered regions within a disordered matrix, the degree of ordering smoothly varies within an ordered domain and approaches a minimum at anti-phase boundaries. These results provide direct insight into the nature of cation ordering in this important prototypical relaxor material.
Quantum beats of a multiexciton state in rubrene single crystals
Authors: Wolf Eric A. , Finton Drew M. , Zoutenbier Vincent , Biaggio Ivan
Published: February 2018

We observe quantum beats in the nanosecond-scale photoluminescence decay of rubrene single crystals after photoexcitation with short laser pulses in a magnetic field in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 T. The relative amplitude of the quantum beats is of the order of 5%. Their frequency is 1.3 GHz when the magnetic field is oriented parallel to the twofold rotation axis of the rubrene molecules and decreases to 0.6 GHz when the magnetic field is rotated to the crystal's molecular stacking direction. The amplitude of the quantum beats decays alongside the non-oscillatory photoluminescence background, which at low excitation densities has an exponential decay time of 4.0 ± 0.2 ns. We interpret this as the effective lifetime of a multiexciton state that originates from singlet-fission and can undergo geminate recombination back to the singlet state.
Subnanopore filling during water vapor adsorption on microporous silica thin films as seen by low-energy positron annihilation
Authors: Ito Kenji , Yoshimoto Shigeru , O'Rourke Brian E. , Oshima Nagayasu , Kumagai Kazuhiro
Published: February 2018

Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) using a low-energy positron microbeam extracted into air was applied to elucidating molecular-level pore structures formed in silicon-oxide-backboned microporous thin films under controlled humidity conditions; as a result, a direct observation of the interstitial spaces in the micropores filled with water molecules was achieved. It was demonstrated that PALS using a microbeam extracted into air in combination with water vapor adsorption is a powerful tool for the in-situ elucidation of both open and closed subnanoscaled pores of functional thin materials under practical conditions.
Optimizing flow dynamics for medical wires captures cells more efficiently for diagnostics
Authors: Cockbill Louisa
Published: February 2018

Geometrical considerations of profile shape and orientation, in a combined theoretical and experimental study, optimize the efficient capture of specific cells that come into contact with wires, placed in the bloodstream in vivo.
Cyanosilylation of Aldehydes Catalyzed by Iron(III) Arylhydrazone-β-Diketone Complexes
Authors: Gurbanov Atash V. , Maharramov Abel M. , Zubkov Fedor I. , Saifutdinov Alexander M. , Guseinov Firudin I.
Published: February 2018

Two known iron(iii) complexes, [Fe(H2O)3(L1)]·xH2O (x = 4 (1), 5 (2)) and [Fe(H2O)3(L2)]·3H2O (3), bearing the basic forms of 5-chloro-3-(2-(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexylidene)hydrazinyl)-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid (H3L1) and 3-(2-(2,4-dioxopentan-3-ylidene)hydrazinyl)-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid (H3L2), were prepared and used as homogeneous catalysts for cyanosilylation of a variety of aldehydes with trimethylsilyl cyanide leading to the corresponding cyanohydrin trimethylsilyl ethers. High yield (up to 98 %) was observed in the reaction catalyzed by 3 at room temperature in methanol.
Mangrove response to sea level rise: palaeoecological insights from macrotidal systems in northern Australia
Authors: Woodroffe C. D.
Published: February 2018

Accelerated sea-level rise threatens coastal wetlands; it is unclear whether sediment accretion beneath mangroves will be sufficient to keep pace. A conceptual framework, used to describe the response of reefs, can also be applied to mangroves, discriminating drowning or back-stepping with rapid rise from keep-up or catch-up under moderate rates. In macrotidal estuaries of northern Australia, different mangrove species grow across particular elevation ranges and accretion rates decrease with tidal elevation. Palaeoecological reconstructions, from drilling, dating and pollen analysis, record mangrove distribution over past millennia. Estuarine plains are underlain by a vertically continuous stratigraphy of muds, implying continuity of widespread ‘big swamp’ mangrove forests during decelerating stages of post-glacial sea-level rise c. 7000 years ago. In contrast, on higher-energy open coasts, mangroves back-stepped, but re-established as the shoreline prograded when the nearshore built to suitable elevation: a catch-up mode. These results demonstrate that mangrove response to sea-level rise has varied, determined by the availability of sediment and the oceanographic processes by which it is redistributed. How mangrove forests adjust in future will also vary as a function of local topography and sediment availability. Extensive plains flanking estuarine systems are particularly vulnerable to tidal creek extension and saline incursion under future higher sea levels.
Ants avoid superinfections by performing risk-adjusted sanitary care
Authors: Konrad Matthias , Pull Christopher D. , Metzler Sina , Seif Katharina , Naderlinger Elisabeth , Grasse Anna V. , Cremer Sylvia
Published: February 2018

Significance

Social insects provide sanitary care to colony members that are contaminated with infectious disease particles. Although this reduces the risk of contaminated individuals falling sick, the caregiving individuals risk pathogen contraction themselves. Small pathogen doses can lead to low-level infections that do not cause disease but make individuals more susceptible to secondary infection (superinfection) with a different pathogen. Here, we reveal the remarkable capacity of ants to react to this increased disease susceptibility by altering their sanitary care performance. Low-level–infected ants reduced grooming and applied more of their antimicrobial poison onto nestmates contaminated with a harmful second pathogen, thereby reducing their own risk of superinfection during caregiving. This risk-averse health care will likely improve and maintain overall colony health.
Light-activated protein interaction with high spatial subcellular confinement
Authors: Benedetti Lorena , Barentine Andrew E. S. , Messa Mirko , Wheeler Heather , Bewersdorf Joerg , De Camilli Pietro
Published: February 2018

Significance

Inducible protein dimerization methods are powerful tools for the investigation of protein function. Unlike chemical dimerization systems, light-dependent systems can trigger dimerization at cellular and subcellular resolution. Here, we present a systematic comparison of the ability of three blue-light-dependent dimerization tools, Cry2/CIB1, iLID, and Magnets, to confine dimerization to small subcellular volumes. Our study highlights the parameters that contribute to defining the subcellular volume where dimer formation occurs, including switch-off kinetics of the photoreceptor(s). The highest confinement is achieved by Magnets and by iLID variants with very fast switch-off kinetics, although spatial resolution with these systems comes at the expense of the total level of dimers formed.
Genetic rescue of lineage-balanced blood cell production reveals a crucial role for STAT3 antiinflammatory activity in hematopoiesis
Authors: Zhang Huiyuan , Li Haiyan S. , Hillmer Emily J. , Zhao Yang , Chrisikos Taylor T. , Hu Hongbo , Wu Xiao , Thompson Erika J. , Clise-Dwyer Karen , Millerchip Karen A. , Wei Yue , Puebla-Osorio Nahum , Kaushik Saakshi , Santos Margarida A. , Wang Bin , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Wang Jing , Sun Shao-Cong , Watowich Stephanie S.
Published: February 2018

Significance

Inflammation degrades hematopoietic stem and progenitor (HSPC) function, leading to myeloid-skewing and bone marrow failure. We show that the transcriptional regulator STAT3 has an intrinsic protective role in the hematopoietic system, which is necessary to preserve HSPCs and lineage-balanced hematopoiesis. We find that concomitant removal ofUbe2n, encoding the proinflammatory signal transducer Ubc13, mitigates hematopoietic failure, myeloid overproduction, and a majority of transcriptional deregulation withinStat3-null HSPCs. These data imply an epistatic relationship betweenStat3andUbe2n, and suggest that STAT3 protects the hematopoietic system from the effects of excessive proinflammatory signaling by restraining Ubc13.
Transcriptional factor ICER promotes glutaminolysis and the generation of Th17 cells
Authors: Kono Michihito , Yoshida Nobuya , Maeda Kayaho , Tsokos George C.
Published: February 2018

Significance

Th17 cells unlike other CD4
+
T helper subsets use glutaminolysis as a source of energy and upregulate Gls1. Inhibition of Gls1 ameliorates Th17 differentiation in vitro and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Mechanistically this is accomplished through the upregulation of Gls1 by the Th17-promoting transcription factor, inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER). These findings claim an essential role of glutaminolysis in the generation of Th17 cells and offer an approach to control diseases linked to their generation.
Demographic compensation does not rescue populations at a trailing range edge
Authors: Sheth Seema Nayan , Angert Amy Lauren
Published: February 2018

Significance

While climate change is causing poleward shifts in many species’ geographic distributions, some species’ ranges have remained stable, particularly at low-latitude limits. One explanation for why some species’ ranges have not shifted is demographic compensation across a species’ range, whereby declines in demographic processes like survival or reproduction are offset by increases in others, potentially buffering populations from extinction. However, we have limited understanding of whether demographic compensation can prevent collapse of populations facing climate change. We examined the demography of natural populations of a perennial herb spanning a broad latitudinal gradient. Despite increases in reproduction, low-latitude populations declined due to diminished survival, growth, and recruitment. Thus, demographic compensation may not be sufficient to rescue low-latitude, trailing-edge populations from extinction.
Controlling of glutamate release by neuregulin3 via inhibiting the assembly of the SNARE complex
Authors: Wang Ya-Nan , Figueiredo Dwight , Sun Xiang-Dong , Dong Zhao-Qi , Chen Wen-Bing , Cui Wan-Peng , Liu Fang , Wang Hong-Sheng , Li Hai-Wen , Robinson Heath , Fei Er-Kang , Pan Bing-Xing , Li Bao-Ming , Xiong Wen-Cheng , Mei Lin
Published: February 2018

Significance

Neuregulin3 (NRG3) is a growth factor of the neuregulin (NRG) family and a risk gene of various severe mental illnesses. However, the physiological function of NRG3 remains poorly understood. We showed that, unlike the prototype Nrg1, the effect of which is mediated by activating ErbB4 in interneurons, Nrg3 acts in a cell-autonomous manner in pyramidal neurons. By using a combination of genetic, electrophysiological, biochemical, and molecular biological techniques, we uncovered a function of Nrg3—to regulate glutamate release—and identified Nrg3 as a regulator of the assembly of the SNARE complex. We demonstrate that increasing Nrg3 expression, mimicking higher levels in mental illness patients, impairs glutamate release, revealing a pathophysiological mechanism of hypofunction of glutamatergic function.
Carbon monoxide protects the kidney through the central circadian clock and CD39
Authors: Correa-Costa Matheus , Gallo David , Csizmadia Eva , Gomperts Edward , Lieberum Judith-Lisa , Hauser Carl J. , Ji Xingyue , Wang Binghe , Câmara Niels Olsen Saraiva , Robson Simon C. , Otterbein Leo E.
Published: February 2018

Significance

Tissue injury caused by lack of blood flow results in a series of adaptive responses of the body to ensure survival. Cellular production of carbon monoxide (CO) preserves organ function and promotes healing. How this occurs has remained elusive. Here we demonstrate using a model of ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) of the kidney, mimicking kidney transplant, that safe administration of CO protects against IRI. Remarkably, this occurs through specific modulation of a gene that regulates energy metabolism (CD39) and one that controls circadian rhythm (Period 2). Collectively, we define here an innovative signaling pathway linking the brain and the kidney vis a vis a gas molecule. These data may have important therapeutic consequences for transplant recipients and victims of stroke.
Defining the sizes of airborne particles that mediate influenza transmission in ferrets
Authors: Zhou Jie , Wei Jianjian , Choy Ka-Tim , Sia Sin Fun , Rowlands Dewi K. , Yu Dan , Wu Chung-Yi , Lindsley William G. , Cowling Benjamin J. , McDevitt James , Peiris Malik , Li Yuguo , Yen Hui-Ling
Published: February 2018

Significance

Emerging respiratory pathogens pose significant public health threats as a result of their potential for rapid global spread via multiple non-mutually exclusive modes of transmission. The relative significance of contact, droplet, and airborne transmission for many respiratory pathogens remains a knowledge gap, and better understanding is essential for developing evidence-based measures for effective infection control. Here, we describe and evaluate a transmission chamber that separates virus-laden particles in air by size to study airborne particles that mediate influenza transmission in ferrets. Our results provide direct experimental evidence of influenza transmission via droplets and fine droplet nuclei, albeit at different efficiency. This transmission device can also be applied to elucidate the mode of transmission of other respiratory pathogens.
Origins and genetic legacies of the Caribbean Taino
Authors: Schroeder Hannes , Sikora Martin , Gopalakrishnan Shyam , Cassidy Lara M. , Maisano Delser Pierpaolo , Sandoval Velasco Marcela , Schraiber Joshua G. , Rasmussen Simon , Homburger Julian R. , Ávila-Arcos María C. , Allentoft Morten E. , Moreno-Mayar J. Víctor , Renaud Gabriel , Gómez-Carballa Alberto , Laffoon Jason E. , Hopkins Rachel J. A. , Higham Thomas F. G. , Carr Robert S. , Schaffer William C. , Day Jane S. , Hoogland Menno , Salas Antonio , Bustamante Carlos D. , Nielsen Rasmus , Bradley Daniel G. , Hofman Corinne L. , Willerslev Eske
Published: February 2018

Significance

Ancient DNA has revolutionized the field of archaeology, but in the Caribbean and other tropical regions of the world, the work has been hampered by poor DNA preservation. We present an ancient human genome from the Caribbean and use it to shed light on the early peopling of the islands. We demonstrate that the ancestors of the so-called “Taino” who inhabited large parts of the Caribbean in pre-Columbian times originated in northern South America, and we find evidence that they had a comparatively large effective population size. We also show that the native components in some modern Caribbean genomes are closely related to the ancient Taino, suggesting that indigenous ancestry in the region has survived through the present day.
From global scaling to the dynamics of individual cities
Authors: Depersin Jules , Barthelemy Marc
Published: February 2018

Significance

How properties of cities vary with their population is of great interest for elaborating theoretical models but also for making predictions about the future of cities. However, it is still unclear whether large cities are just scaled-up versions of smaller cities, which casts some doubt on measures mixing different urban systems of different sizes and histories. Here we show in the example of congestion-induced traffic delays that the path dependency is so strong that these delays depend on both the population and the whole history of the system, prohibiting the existence of simple scaling forms.
Structures of the prefusion form of measles virus fusion protein in complex with inhibitors
Authors: Hashiguchi Takao , Fukuda Yoshinari , Matsuoka Rei , Kuroda Daisuke , Kubota Marie , Shirogane Yuta , Watanabe Shumpei , Tsumoto Kouhei , Kohda Daisuke , Plemper Richard Karl , Yanagi Yusuke
Published: February 2018

Significance

Measles remains a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide, and no licensed therapeutic agents are currently available. Measles virus (MeV) sometimes invades the central nervous system (CNS), causing neurodegenerative diseases several months/years after acute infection. Recently, MeV-induced encephalitis among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children has become a great concern in high–HIV-prevalence countries. The tropism of MeV for the CNS is mediated by hyperfusogenic mutations in the MeV fusion (F) protein. Here we show the crystal structures of MeV-F alone and bound to inhibitors. The structures and accompanying cell-based fusion assays with inhibitors provide insight into the molecular mechanism for the inhibition of MeV-mediated fusion, which would help us conquer MeV-induced neurodegenerative diseases.
NLR surveillance of essential SEC-9 SNARE proteins induces programmed cell death upon allorecognition in filamentous fungi
Authors: Heller Jens , Clavé Corinne , Gladieux Pierre , Saupe Sven J. , Glass N. Louise
Published: February 2018

Significance

NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are fundamental components of plant and animal innate immune systems. Some fungal proteins with NLR-like architecture are involved in an allorecognition process that results in cell death, termed heterokaryon incompatibility. A role for fungal NLR-like proteins in pathogen defense has also been proposed. Here, we show that a fungal NLR-like protein, patatin-like phospholipase-1 (PLP-1), monitors the essential SNARE protein SEC-9 in two distantly related fungal species,
Neurospora crassa
and
Podospora anserina
. Both
plp-1
and
sec-9
are highly polymorphic in fungal populations and show evidence of balancing selection. This study provides biochemical evidence that fungal NLRs function similar to NLRs in plants and animals, indicating that these fundamental players of innate immunity evolved independently in all three kingdoms.
Theory of signs and statistical approach to big data in assessing the relevance of clinical biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress
Authors: Ghezzi Pietro , Davies Kevin , Delaney Aidan , Floridi Luciano
Published: February 2018

Significance

Biomarkers are widely used in medicine. This study focuses on the use of biomarkers in the formulation of mechanistic hypotheses and their clinical use. Starting from different philosophical theories of signs, the study highlights the importance of networks in their meaning and value. The study also views biomarkers as endowed or not with action (proxies or signs) and suggests a perspective in the translational use of biomarkers in patient stratification and mechanistic studies.
The influence of the native language on phonological preparation in spoken word production in a second language
Authors: Li Chuchu , Kronrod Yakov , Wang Min
Published: February 2018

Three experiments investigated the phonological preparation unit in planning English spoken words, comparing English monolinguals, native Chinese and Japanese-speakers who spoke English as their second language. All three groups named pictures in English, and the names could either share the same initial phoneme, mora, or syllable, or had no systematic commonality. A phoneme preparation effect was shown among English monolinguals but not among the two bilingual groups, suggesting that the phoneme is the phonological preparation unit for English monolinguals, but not for the two bilingual groups. All three groups showed mora and syllable preparation effects, but further analysis and a follow-up experiment suggested that Chinese-English bilinguals may treat morae as open syllables. English monolinguals showed similar phoneme and mora preparation effect sizes, possibly as a result of flexibility. Together, the selection of phonological preparation could be flexible, influenced by both the nature of the target language and speakers’ language experiences.
Lexical access in English-Spanish bilinguals
Authors: Shport Irina A. , Dorado Dorian , Puscama María Gabriela
Published: February 2018

Does early onset age of language learning in an informal setting always have a long-term advantage? We compared lexical access in adult heritage speakers of Spanish and late learners of Spanish in two word-production tasks, while also considering the speakers’ oral proficiency in their non-dominant language. In all speakers, word recall in the picture-naming task was less accurate and slower than in the translation task. Heritage speakers and late learners of high Spanish proficiency level were different only in the translation task, where learners were faster than heritage speakers, which may be explained by their experience with translation of visual input. These findings suggest that for a non-dominant language, an early onset of learning does not provide an advantage, at least when high-proficiency bilinguals, high-frequency words, and behavioral measures are concerned. Oral proficiency matters most, as it correlates with frequency of language use.
The provisionality of property rights in Kant'sDoctrine of Right
Authors: Hasan Rafeeq
Published: February 2018

I criticize two ways of interpreting Kant's claim that property rights are merely ‘provisional’ in the state of nature.Weak provisionalityholds that in the state of nature agents can make rightful claims to property. What is lacking is the institutional context necessary to render their claims secure. By contrast,strong provisionalityholds that making property claims in the state of nature wrongs others. I argue for a third view,anticipatory provisionality, according to which state of nature property claims do not wrong others, but anticipate a condition in which the authority to make such claims can no longer be unilaterally determined.
IWTomics: testing high-resolution sequence-based ‘Omics’ data at multiple locations and scales
Authors: Cremona Marzia A , Pini Alessia , Cumbo Fabio , Makova Kateryna D , Chiaromonte Francesca , Vantini Simone
Published: February 2018

With increased generation of high-resolution sequence-based ‘Omics’ data, detecting statistically significant effects at different genomic locations and scales has become key to addressing several scientific questions. IWTomics is an R/Bioconductor package (integrated in Galaxy) that, exploiting sophisticated Functional Data Analysis techniques (i.e. statistical techniques that deal with the analysis of curves), allows users to pre-process, visualize and test these data at multiple locations and scales. The package provides a friendly, flexible and complete workflow that can be employed in many genomic and epigenomic applications.

Availability and implementation

IWTomics is freely available at the Bioconductor website (http://bioconductor.org/packages/IWTomics) and on the main Galaxy instance (https://usegalaxy.org/).

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.