bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Generic Advertising under Bilateral Imperfect Competition between Processors and Retailers
Authors: Chung Chanjin , Eom Youg Sook , Yang Byung Woo
Published: February 2014

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of bilateral imperfect competition between processors and retailers and of import supply on optimal advertising intensity, advertising expenditures, and checkoff assessment rates. First, comparative static analyses were conducted on the newly developed optimal advertising intensity formula. Second, to consider the endogenous nature of optimal advertising, a linear market equilibrium model was developed and applied to the U.S. beef industry. Results showed that the full consideration of retailer‐processor bilateral market power lowered the optimal values of assessment rates, advertising expenditures, and advertising intensity for the checkoff board whereas consideration of importers increases the optimal values. The results indicate that ignoring the import sector in optimal generic advertising modeling should underestimate these optimal values, whereas ignoring the bilateral market power between processors and retailers overestimates the values.
Salivary estradiol and testosterone in filipino men: Diurnal patterns and relationships with adiposity
Authors: Gettler Lee T. , McDade Thomas W. , Feranil Alan B. , Agustin Sonny S. , Kuzawa Christopher W.
Published: February 2014

Objectives

We used detailed saliva sampling procedures to test for diurnal changes in men's salivary estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) and assessed whether greater adiposity predicted higher E2 and T.

Methods

We drew on a subsample of young adults enrolled in a long‐running birth cohort study in Metro Cebu, Philippines. Subjects provided saliva samples at four time points during the day (waking, waking +40 min, early evening, and bedtime), which were assayed for E2 and T. Using these detailed hormonal data, we calculated E2 (n = 29) and T (n = 44) area‐under‐the‐curve values, which provide insights on hormonal production over the study period.

Results

While T declined immediately after waking and reached a nadir in the early evening, E2 did not show significant diurnal change (P ≥ 0.1) but was positively correlated to T at multiple time points (P ≤ 0.05). Subjects with higher adiposity (BMI, waist circumference, skinfolds) had elevated E2 secretion throughout the day (P ≤ 0.01), but adiposity was not related to salivary T.

Conclusions

Consistent with past research, our results indicate that adipose tissue is a significant site of E2 production in males but differ from a limited number of prior studies of young men in that we did not find lower T with increasing adiposity. Given E2's role in male hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal function and complex interfaces with the immune system, these results have important implications for models of male life history as rates of overweight and obesity rise in populations around the world. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:376–383, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of α2‐Macroglobulin as a Master Inhibitor of Cartilage‐Degrading Factors That Attenuates the Progression of Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis
Authors: Wang Shaowei , Wei Xiaochun , Zhou Jingming , Zhang Jing , Li Kai , Chen Qian , Terek Richard , Fleming Braden C. , Goldring Mary B. , Ehrlich Michael G. , Zhang Ge , Wei Lei
Published: February 2014

Objective

To determine if supplemental intraarticular α2‐macroglobulin (α2M) has a chondroprotective effect in a rat model of osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

Using Western blotting, mass spectrometry, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunohistochemistry, α2M was identified as a potential therapeutic agent through a comparison of α2M concentrations in serum, synovial fluid (SF), and cartilage from normal subjects and patients with OA. In cultured chondrocytes, the effects of α2M on interleukin‐1 (IL‐1)–induced cartilage catabolic enzymes were evaluated by Luminex assay and ELISA. In vivo effects on cartilage degeneration and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP‐13) concentration were evaluated in male rats (n = 120) randomized to 1 of 4 treatments: 1) anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) and saline injections, 2) ACLT and 1 IU/kg injections of α2M, 3) ACLT and 2 IU/kg injections of α2M, or 4) sham operation and saline injections. Rats were administered intraarticular injections for 6 weeks. The concentration of MMP‐13 in SF lavage fluid was measured using ELISA. OA‐related gene expression was quantified by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The extent of OA progression was graded by histologic examination.

Results

In both normal subjects and OA patients, α2M levels were lower in SF as compared to serum, and in OA patients, MMP‐13 levels were higher in SF than in serum. In vitro, α2M inhibited the induction of MMP‐13 by IL‐1 in a dose‐dependent manner in human chondrocytes. In the rat model of ACLT OA, supplemental intraarticular injection of α2M reduced the concentration of MMP‐13 in SF, had a favorable effect on OA‐related gene expression, and attenuated OA progression.

Conclusion

The plasma protease inhibitor α2M is not present in sufficient concentrations to inactivate the high concentrations of catabolic factors found in OA SF. Our findings suggest that supplemental intraarticular α2M provides chondral protection in posttraumatic OA.
Bounded Connectivity‐Preserving Leader‐Follower Flocking Algorithms Without Acceleration Measurements
Authors: Mao Yutian , Dou Lihua , Fang Hao , Chen Jie
Published: February 2014

The problem of distributed connectivity‐preserving leader‐follower flocking of multiple autonomous agents with second‐order dynamics is investigated. First, a new class of bounded artificial potential fields is carefully designed which could guarantee connectivity preservation, distance stabilization and collision avoidance simultaneously as the system evolves. Furthermore, in the absence of acceleration measurements of the dynamic leader, a set of distributed and bounded leader‐follower flocking control protocols is derived for each follower with the aid of the combination of potential based gradient descent methods and the sliding mode control paradigms. It is shown that all followers achieve velocity consensus and collision avoidance with the dynamic leader, the underlying network remains connected for all time, and the desired stable flocking behavior is asymptotically achieved on the condition that the initial network is connected. Finally, nontrivial simulations and experiments are worked out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithms.
Ormosil gels doped with engineered catechol 1,2 dioxygenases for chlorocatechol bioremediation
Authors: Micalella Chiara , Caglio Raffaella , Mozzarelli Andrea , Valetti Francesca , Pessione Enrica , Giunta Carlo , Bruno Stefano
Published: February 2014

Enzymes entrapped in wet, nanoporous silica gel have great potential as bioreactors for bioremediation because of their improved thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability with respect to enzymes in solution. The B isozyme of catechol 1,2 dioxygenase from Acinetobacter radioresistens and its mutants of Leu69 and Ala72, designed for an increased reactivity toward the environmental pollutant chlorocatechols, were encapsulated using alkoxysilanes and alkyl alkoxysilanes as precursors in varying proportions. Encapsulation of the mutants in a hydrophobic tetramethoxysilane/dimethoxydimethylsilane‐based matrix yielded a remarkable 10‐ to 12‐fold enhancement in reactivity toward chlorocatechols. These gels also showed a fivefold increase in relative reactivity toward chlorocatechols with respect to the natural substrate catechol, thus compensating for their relatively low activity for these substrates in solution. The encapsulated enzyme, unlike the enzyme in solution, proved resilient in assays carried out in urban wastewater and bacteria‐contaminated solutions mimicking environmentally relevant conditions. Overall, the combination of a structure‐based rational design of enzyme mutants, and the selection of a suitable encapsulation material, proved to be a powerful approach for the production and optimization of a potential bioremediation device, with increased activity and resistance toward bacterial degradation.
IMPROVING INTERVENTION INTEGRITY OF DIRECT‐SERVICE PRACTITIONERS THROUGH PERFORMANCE FEEDBACK AND PROBLEM SOLVING CONSULTATION
Authors: Minor Lisa , DuBard Melanie , Luiselli James K.
Published: February 2014

The purpose of this study was to improve intervention integrity of behavior support plan implementation by teachers at a specialized school. During the first phase of a multiple baseline design, performance feedback was given to the teachers during (correction) and immediately following (praise) classroom observations. In a second phase, the teachers received problem solving consultation that addressed behavior support plan misapplication and respective procedural modifications. Only one of the three teachers demonstrated improved intervention integrity with performance feedback, whereas problem solving consultation produced uniform improvement. We discuss these findings and implications for intervention integrity assessment and research. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparative study into alterations of coenzyme Q redox status in ageing pigs, mice, and worms
Authors: Onur Simone , Niklowitz Petra , Fischer Alexandra , Metges Cornelia C. , Grune Tilman , Menke Thomas , Rimbach Gerald , Döring Frank
Published: February 2014

Coenzyme Q derivatives (CoQ) are lipid soluble antioxidants that are synthesized endogenously in almost all species and function as an obligatory cofactor of the respiratory chain. There is evidence that CoQ status is altered by age in several species. Here we determined level and redox‐state of CoQ in different age groups of pigs, mice and Caenorhabditis elegans. Since these species are very different with respect to lifespan, reproduction and physiology, our approach could provide some general tendencies of CoQ status in ageing organisms. We found that CoQ level decreases with age in pigs and mice, whereas CoQ content increases in older worms. As observed in all three species, ubiquinone, the oxidized form of CoQ, increases with age. Additionally, we were able to show that supplementation of ubiquinol‐10, the reduced form of human CoQ10, slightly increases lifespan of post‐reproductive worms. In conclusion, the percentage of the oxidized form of CoQ increases with age indicating higher oxidative stress or rather a decreased anti‐oxidative capacity of aged animals. © 2014 BioFactors, 40(3):346–354, 2014
Copy number increase of ACTN4 is a prognostic indicator in salivary gland carcinoma
Authors: Watabe Yukio , Mori Taisuke , Yoshimoto Seiichi , Nomura Takeshi , Shibahara Takahiko , Yamada Tesshi , Honda Kazufumi
Published: February 2014

Copy number increase (CNI) of ACTN4 has been associated with poor prognosis and metastatic phenotypes in various human carcinomas. To identify a novel prognostic factor for salivary gland carcinoma, we investigated the copy number of ACTN4. We evaluated DNA copy number of ACTN4 in 58 patients with salivary gland carcinoma by using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). CNI of ACTN4 was recognized in 14 of 58 patients (24.1%) with salivary gland carcinoma. The cases with CNI of ACTN4 were closely associated with histological grade (P = 0.047) and vascular invasion (P = 0.033). The patients with CNI of ACTN4 had a significantly worse prognosis than the patients with normal copy number of ACTN4 (P = 0.0005 log‐rank test). Univariate analysis by the Cox proportional hazards model showed that histological grade, vascular invasion, and CNI of ACTN4 were independent risk factors for cancer death. Vascular invasion (hazard ratio [HR]: 7.46; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.98–28.06) and CNI of ACTN4 (HR: 3.23; 95% CI: 1.08–9.68) remained as risk factors for cancer death in multivariate analysis. Thus, CNI of ACTN4 is a novel indicator for an unfavorable outcome in patients with salivary gland carcinoma.
On the Configurational Stability of Chiral, Nonracemic Fluoro‐ and Iodo‐[D1]Methyllithiums
Authors: Kail Dagmar C. , Malova Krizkova Petra , Wieczorek Anna , Hammerschmidt Friedrich
Published: February 2014

Enantiomerically pure fluoro‐[D1]methyllithium and iodo‐[D1]methyllithiums of up to 92 % ee were generated by transmetalation of the corresponding stannanes with MeLi in THF at various temperatures. The intermediate halo‐[D1]methyllithiums were trapped with benzaldehyde or acetophenone already present in excess in the reaction mixture to either give halohydrins or to disintegrate to carbene. The fluoro‐[D1]methyllithiums were found to be microscopically configurationally stable within the tested range of −95 to 0 °C, but chemically only stable at temperatures below −95 °C due to a rapidly increasing portion disintegrating to carbene. The iodo‐[D1]methyllithiums were configurationally labile relative to the rate of addition to PhCHO at all temperatures tested (−95 to −30 °C). Disintegration to carbene interfered as well.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid Phase Metallurgy Strategy to Sub‐5 nm Au—Pd and Ni—Pd Bimetallic Nanoparticles with Controlled Redox Properties.
Authors: Tang Yu , Xu Shaodan , Dai Yihu , Yan Xiaoqing , Li Renhong , Xiao Liping , Fan Jie
Published: February 2014

The title bimetallic nanoparticles are prepared by loading Au and Pd, or Ni and Pd nanoparticles into mesoporous silica with extra large pores followed by thermal annealing at 550 °C under H2/Ar atmosphere.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Photoluminescence Properties of Amine‐Templated Open‐Framework Bismuth Sulfates.
Authors: Marri Subba R. , Behera J. N.
Published: February 2014

Two organically‐templated Bi sulfates [H2DABCO][Bi(SO4)2(NO3)] (I) (DABCO: 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) and [H2pip]4 [Bi4(SO4)10(H2O)4] (II) (pip: piperazine) with open architecture are prepared from a mixture of Bi(NO3)3, H2O, H2SO4, and DABCO or piperazine (air, 25 °C, 1 month, yields of 80 and 73%, resp.).
ChemInform Abstract: In Search of the True Structure of the Sodium Chromium Alum II: Crystal Growth and Structure of the Double Salt NaCr(SO4)2(H2O)6· (CH3OH)0.6(2)·(H2O)1.5 (5).
Authors: Rees‐Isele Luitgard , Winkler Hans‐Peter , Keller Egbert
Published: February 2014

Crystals of the title compound are obtained from water/methanol solutions of Cr2(SO4)3(H2O)x and Na2SO4 (280 K, 8—10 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Tunable Synthesis of 3‐Acyl‐2‐naphthols and 3‐Substituted Isocoumarins via Jones Reagent Promoted Cascade Reactions of 2‐(4‐Hydroxy‐but‐1‐ynyl)benzaldehydes.
Authors: He Yan , Zhang Xinying , Shen Nana , Fan Xuesen
Published: February 2014

It is found that treatment of benzaldehydes of type (I) and (V) with 0.7 equivalents of Jones oxidant followed by column chromatography on silica gel pre‐eluted with NEt3 results in efficient formation of 3‐acyl‐2‐naphthols.
ChemInform Abstract: Hetereogeneous Transition‐Metal‐Free Alcohol Oxidation by Graphene Oxide Supported Iodoxybenzoic Acid in Water.
Authors: Kim Yo‐Han , Jang Hyung‐Seok , Kim Young‐O , Ahn So‐Dam , Yeo Sewon , Lee Sang‐Myung , Lee Yoon‐Sik
Published: February 2014

A highly loaded graphene oxide supported iodoxybenzoic acid derivative is described and successfully applied as heterogeneous and recyclable reagent for the oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Micro and Nanobubble Based Strategy for Gas—Liquid—Solid Multiphase Reactions: Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Carbon—Carbon Unsaturated Bonds.
Authors: Mase Nobuyuki , Isomura Shogo , Toda Mitsuo , Watanabe Naoharu
Published: February 2014

The use of hydrogen micro‐ and nanobubbles results in significant improvement of the efficiency of atmospheric pressure multiphase hydrogenations of unsaturated Carbon‐carbon bonds.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Desulfitative Heck‐Type Reaction: Access to α‐Benzyl‐β‐keto Esters from Baylis—Hillman Adducts and Sodium Sulfinates.
Authors: Raju Kammari Bal , Mari Vellakkaran , Nagaiah Kommu
Published: February 2014

This new and efficient method for desulfitative Heck‐type arylation proceeds under mild conditions and tolerates a wider range of functionalities than previously reported methodologies.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Conjugate Addition of Diethylzinc to Enones Catalyzed by Chiral Ligands Derived from (S)‐Mandelic Acid.
Authors: Rachwalski Michal , Jarzynski Szymon , Lesniak Stanislaw
Published: February 2014

Chiral bidentate ligands derived from (S)‐mandelic acid and chiral mono‐alkylated aziridines are investigated as ligands for the asymmetric Ni‐catalyzed conjugate addition of diethylzinc to enones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dienyl Ketones via Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Direct Cross‐Coupling Reactions Between Simple Alkenes and Vinyl Ketones: Application to the Synthesis of Vitamin A1 and Bornelone.
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Wang Min , Zhang Ming‐Xin , Xu Yun‐He , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: February 2014

The title reaction affords dienyl ketones with different E/Z‐selectivities and in case of bornelone (VIII) complete E‐selectivity is obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Amidation of Alkenylzirconocenes with Acyl Azides: Formation of Enamides.
Authors: Liu Hailan , Zhou Yiqing , Yan Xiaoyu , Chen Chao , Liu Qingbin , Xi Chanjuan
Published: February 2014

The alkenylzirconocenes are generated in situ from the corresponding alkynes and zirconocene.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladacycle‐Catalyzed Deacetonative Sonogashira Coupling of Aryl Propargyl Alcohols with Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Hu Hao , Yang Fan , Wu Yangjie
Published: February 2014

For the first time the title reaction proceeds for electron‐poor, ‐neutral, and even sterically hindered electron‐rich aryl chlorides.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,6‐Carbene Transfer: Gold‐Catalyzed Oxidative Diyne Cyclizations.
Authors: Noesel Pascal , Nunes dos Santos Comprido Laura , Lauterbach Tobias , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: February 2014

In the presence of a gold catalyst an unprecedented oxidative cyclization of diynes takes place.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese(III)‐Mediated Oxidative Radical Addition of Malonates to 2‐Cyanoindoles.
Authors: Lopchuk Justin M. , Montgomery William L. , Jasinski Jerry P. , Gorjifard Sayeh , Gribble Gordon W.
Published: February 2014

2‐Cyanoindoles (I) and (IV) undergo Mn(III)‐mediated radical addition reactions with mono‐substituted malonate‐type compounds to give indoles (III) and (VI) having a quarternary carbon substituent at C‐3.
ChemInform Abstract: RCM Approach to Complex Polycyclic α‐Hydroxy γ‐Lactams: Synthesis of Indolizinones and Pyrroloazepinones.
Authors: Gomez‐SanJuan Asier , Sotomayor Nuria , Lete Esther
Published: February 2014

The synthesis of the title compounds is achieved via alkylmagnesium chloride addition/RCM sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxazolone‐Based Photoswitches: Synthesis and Properties.
Authors: Blanco‐Lomas Marina , Funes‐Ardoiz Ignacio , Campos Pedro J. , Sampedro Diego
Published: February 2014

The use of certain benzaldehyde derivatives and most ketones does not lead to the desired product.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Boron Addition—Protonolysis of Alkynamides to Give Alkenamides.
Authors: He Guangke , Zhang Qijun , Huang Hai , Chen Shan , Wang Qiang , Zhang Dongming , Zhang Rong , Zhu Hongjun
Published: February 2014

The presence of the aryl group on the alkynes is required for the formation of the products.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Cyclodextrin‐Mediated Highly Efficient [2 + 3] Cycloaddition Reactions for the Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 1H‐Tetrazoles.
Authors: Patil Dipak R. , Wagh Yogesh B. , Ingole Pravin G. , Singh Kripal , Dalal Dipak S.
Published: February 2014

The use of β‐cyclodextrin as a catalyst allows efficient [2 + 3] cycloaddition reactions between nitriles and azides carrying a variety of substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition versus Alkylation Reactions of 2‐Vinylindoles with α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds under Gold Catalysis.
Authors: Pirovano Valentina , Dell'Acqua Monica , Facoetti Diego , Nava Donatella , Rizzato Silvia , Abbiati Giorgio , Rossi Elisabetta
Published: February 2014

The gold‐catalyzed reaction of N‐ethoxycarbonyl substituted 2‐vinylindoles with α,β‐unsubstituted carbonyl compounds is demonstrated to produce diastereomeric mixtures of Diels—Alder products.
ChemInform Abstract: Sodium‐Hydroxide‐Mediated Synthesis of Highly Functionalized [1,6]‐Naphthyridines in a One‐Pot Pseudo Five‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Sarkar Satavisha , Das Deb K. , Khan Abu T.
Published: February 2014

The title reaction proceeds under mild conditions with high chemoselectivity and uses easily available materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Mediated Electrophilic Tandem Cyclization of 2‐Alkynylbenzaldehydes with Anthranilic Acid Leading to 1,2‐Dihydroisoquinoline‐Fused Benzoxazinones.
Authors: Dighe Shashikant U. , Batra Sanjay
Published: February 2014

The efficient iodine‐mediated electrophilic tandem cyclization of 2‐alkynylbenzaldehydes with anthranilic acids or 2‐aminobenzamides is reported for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Spirocyclic Aromatic Derivative: Unique Roles of Phenothiazine.
Authors: Jiang Hongji , Sun Jian
Published: February 2014

A novel spirocyclic compound based on fluorene and phenothiazene is synthesized based on an Ullmann C‐N coupling reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Silylacetylenes to 1,1‐Disubstituted Allenes.
Authors: Sawano Takahiro , Ou Keiyu , Nishimura Takahiro , Hayashi Tamio
Published: February 2014

The asymmetric addition of silylacetylenes to 1,1‐disubstituted allenes proceeds in the presence of a cobalt/chiral bisphosphine ligand to give the corresponding enynes with high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Resolution of Terminal 1,2‐Diols via Silyl Transfer.
Authors: Sun Xixi , Worthy Amanda D. , Tan Kian L.
Published: February 2014

Individual optimization of the reaction condition is necessary.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Investigation of an Antimalarial Chinese Medicinal Herb Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora.
Authors: Wang Hongmin , Zhao Weimin , Choomuenwai Vanida , Andrews Katherine T. , Quinn Ronald J. , Feng Yunjiang
Published: February 2014

isolation, structure determination and antimalarial activity of three new compounds, scrophuloside C (Ia), D (Ib), hebitol III (II) along with seven known compounds
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrosporeusines A and B, Unprecedented Thioester‐Bearing Alkaloids from the Arctic Streptomyces nitrosporeus.
Authors: Yang Aigang , Si Longlong , Shi Zhenping , Tian Li , Liu Dong , Zhou Demin , Proksch Peter , Lin Wenhan
Published: February 2014

Both compounds exhibit inhibitory activities against the H1N1 virus in MDCK cells.
ChemInform Abstract: A Diastereodivergent Strategy for the Asymmetric Syntheses of (—)‐Martinellic Acid and (—)‐4‐epi‐Martinellic Acid.
Authors: Davies Stephen G. , Fletcher Ai M. , Lee James A. , Lorkin Thomas J. A. , Roberts Paul M. , Thomson James E.
Published: February 2014

Asymmetric syntheses of (—)‐martinellic acid (I) and (—)‐4‐epi‐martinellic acid (II) are achieved in a multistep procedure from commercially available starting materials using a diastereodivergent strategy.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiospecific Total Synthesis of (+)‐Tanikolide via a Key [2,3]‐Meisenheimer Rearrangement with an Allylic Amine N‐Oxide‐Directed Epoxidation and a One‐Pot Trichloroisocyanuric Acid N‐Debenzylation and N‐Chlorination.
Authors: Xie Yangla , Sun Moran , Zhou Hang , Cao Qiwei , Gao Kaige , Niu Changling , Yang Hua
Published: February 2014

Tanikolide (I) is synthesized over nine linear steps in 53% overall yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfate‐Based Polyanionic Compounds for Li‐Ion Batteries: Synthesis, Crystal Chemistry, and Electrochemistry Aspects
Authors: Rousse G. , Tarascon J. M.
Published: February 2014

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Review of Electrochemical Ammonia Production Technologies and Materials
Authors: Giddey S. , Badwal S. P. S. , Kulkarni A.
Published: February 2014

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoredox Catalysis for Organic Syntheses
Authors: Reckenthaeler Melissa , Griesbeck Axel G.
Published: February 2014

Review: 96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Natural Products as New Leads for Antibacterial Drug Discovery
Authors: Brown Dean G. , Lister Troy , May‐Dracka Tricia L.
Published: February 2014

Review: 36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Plants from the Genus Neolitsea
Authors: Wang Wan‐Ying , Ma Pei , Xu Li‐Jia , Peng Yong , Xiao Pei‐Gen
Published: February 2014

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ether‐Linked Pseudooligosaccharides: A Brief Overview of Their Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Bhattacharjya Anup
Published: February 2014

Review: 14 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Xanthones from Chromones
Authors: Ghosh Chandra Kanta
Published: February 2014

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridine Chemistry from Chichibabin′s Reactions to Metal Catalyzed C—H Functionalizations — An Overview
Authors: Scriven Eric F. V. , Murugan Ramiah
Published: February 2014

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2,4‐Triazoles: A Review of Synthetic Approaches and the Biological Activity
Authors: Maddila Suresh , Pagadala Ramakanth , Jonnalagadda Sreekanth B.
Published: February 2014

Review: 229 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Plant‐Based Foods as a Source of Lipotropes for Human Nutrition: A Survey of in vivo Studies
Authors: Fardet Anthony , Chardigny Jean‐Michel
Published: February 2014

Review: 744 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Combustion of Biomass
Authors: Mandoe M.
Published: February 2014

Review: 59 refs.
What is the best treatment for patients with human papillomavirus–positive and –negative oropharyngeal cancer?
Authors: Urban Damien , Corry June , Rischin Danny
Published: February 2014

The discovery that the human papilloma virus (HPV) is associated with a high and increasing percentage of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) is among the most significant advances in the field of head and neck oncology. HPV‐positive oropharyngeal cancer (HPVOPC) has clinical, etiologic, pathologic, and molecular features that distinguish it from HPV‐negative disease. Increasingly, HPVOPC is being diagnosed in clinical practice because of the easy availability of p16 immunohistochemistry, a surrogate marker of HPV. The superior prognosis of HPVOPC has led to a reexamination of treatment approaches, and clinical trials are currently investigating strategies to deintensify treatment to reduce acute and late toxicity while preserving efficacy. This is of particular interest in low‐risk patients. Unfortunately, patients with HPV‐negative tumors still have high rates of locoregional failure and more efficacious treatments are required. This review of oropharyngeal SCC focuses on current and investigational treatment strategies in patients with both HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative oropharyngeal SCC. Cancer 2014;120:1462–1470. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Outcomes of patients with metastatic melanoma treated with immunotherapy prior to or after BRAF inhibitors
Authors: Ackerman Allison , Klein Oliver , McDermott David F. , Wang Wei , Ibrahim Nageatte , Lawrence Donald P. , Gunturi Anasuya , Flaherty Keith T. , Hodi F. Stephen , Kefford Richard , Menzies Alexander M. , Atkins Michael B. , Long Georgina V. , Sullivan Ryan J.
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUND

The immunotherapy (IT) agents ipilimumab and interleukin‐2 as well as BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) vemurafenib and dabrafenib, with or without trametinib (MEK inhibitors), are all FDA‐approved treatments for BRAF metastatic melanoma, but there are few studies to guide optimal sequencing. This retrospective analysis describes the outcomes of patients treated with either BRAFi before IT or IT before BRAFi.

METHODS

A cohort of patients treated with BRAFi alone or with MEK inhibitor was retrospectively identified. Response rate (RR), overall survival (OS), and progression‐free survival (PFS) were evaluated for the entire cohort, subdivided by BRAFi prior to or after IT.

RESULTS

RR and median PFS and OS calculated from commencement of BRAFi following IT (N = 32) were 57%, 6.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.3‐9.1 months), and 19.6 months (95% CI = 10.0‐undefined months), respectively; whereas for BRAFi initially (N = 242) were 66%, 5.6 months (95% CI = 4.7‐6.8 months), and 13.4 months (95% CI = 10.1‐17.0 months). Results were similar when controlled for prognostic variables. A total of 193 patients discontinued BRAFi, with OS of 2.9 months (range of 1.8‐4.4 months) from day of BRAFi discontinuation. Forty patients subsequently received IT with ipilimumab. Only half could complete 4 doses of ipilimumab; PFS with ipilimumab was 2.7 months (95% CI = 1.8‐3.1 months) and OS was 5.0 months (95% CI = 3.0‐8.8 months).

CONCLUSIONS

In this retrospective analysis, prior treatment with IT does not appear to negatively influence response to BRAFi. Outcomes for IT with ipilimumab following BRAFi discontinuation are poor. Randomized controlled trials are needed to define if sequencing IT prior to BRAFi therapy is superior to sequencing BRAFi prior to IT. Cancer 2014;120:1695–1701. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Complete response to induction therapy in patients with Myc‐positive and double‐hit non‐Hodgkin lymphoma is associated with prolonged progression‐free survival
Authors: Cohen Jonathon B. , Geyer Susan M. , Lozanski Gerard , Zhao Weiqiang , Heerema Nyla A. , Hall Nathan C. , Nagar Veena A. , Hemminger Jessica A. , Jones Jeffrey A. , Porcu Pierluigi , Christian Beth A. , Baiocchi Robert A. , Maddocks Kami J. , Flynn Joseph M. , Devine Steven M. , Blum Kristie A.
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUND

Myc‐positive B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) with or without a B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) rearrangement is associated with inferior progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). In this study, the authors reviewed the outcomes of patients with myc‐positive and double‐hit NHL at The Ohio State University.

METHODS

All patients who had non‐Burkitt, aggressive B‐cell NHL from 2008 to 2011 were assessed for the t(14;18) translocation and for v‐myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (CMYC) rearrangements at diagnosis, and all myc‐positive patients were included in the current analysis. Associations with clinical characteristics were described, and univariable and multivariable models were used to assess correlations between clinical variables and outcomes.

RESULTS

Of 49 myc‐positive patients, 29 patients also had BCL2 rearrangements (double‐hit NHL). No patients underwent autologous stem cell transplantation in first remission. For all myc‐positive patients, the median PFS was 16.6 months, and the median OS was 37.7 months. For patients who had double‐hit NHL, the median PFS was 8 months, and the median OS was 12.5 months; whereas the median PFS and OS were not reached for myc‐positive patients. A complete response (CR) after front‐line therapy, the presence of t(14;18), International Prognostic Index (IPI) group, and age were associated with PFS; whereas only the achievement of a CR and age >60 years were associated with OS in the multivariable setting. The median PFS was 3.3 months, and the median and OS was 7.0 months for patients who did not attain a CR; and the medians were not reached for patients who achieved a CR (P < .00001).

CONCLUSIONS

The achievement of a CR with front‐line therapy is associated with a prolonged PFS and OS in patients with myc‐positive NHL, even after adjusting for type of initial therapy, histology, age, IPI, or the presence of a concurrent BCL2 translocation. Cancer 2014;120:1677–1685. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Life science data analysis workflow development using the bioextract server leveraging the iPlant collaborative cyberinfrastructure
Authors: Lushbough Carol M. , Gnimpieba Etienne Z. , Dooley Rion
Published: February 2014

In order to handle the vast quantities of biological data gener6ated by high‐throughput experimental technologies, the BioExtract Server (bioextract.org) has leveraged iPlant Collaborative (www.iplantcollaborative.org) functionality to help address big data storage and analysis issues in the bioinformatics field. The BioExtract Server is a Web‐based, workflow‐enabling system that offers researchers a flexible environment for analyzing genomic data. It provides researchers with the ability to save a series of BioExtract Server tasks (e.g., query a data source, save a data extract, and execute an analytic tool) as a workflow and the opportunity for researchers to share their data extracts, analytic tools, and workflows with collaborators. The iPlant Collaborative is a community of researchers, educators, and students working to enrich science through the development of cyberinfrastructure—the physical computing resources, collaborative environment, virtual machine resources, and interoperable analysis software and data services—that are essential components of modern biology. The iPlant AGAVE Advanced Programming Interface, developed through the iPlant Collaborative, is a hosted, Software‐as‐a‐Service resource providing access to a collection of high performance computing and cloud resources. Leveraging AGAVE, the BioExtract Server gives researchers easy access to multiple high performance computers and delivers computation and storage as dynamically allocated resources via the Internet. © 2014 The Authors. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Graphene Oxide/α‐Bi2O3 Composites for Visible‐Light Photocatalysis, Chemical Catalysis, and Solar Energy Conversion
Authors: Som Tirtha , Troppenz Gerald V. , Wendt Robert , Wollgarten Markus , Rappich Jörg , Emmerling Franziska , Rademann Klaus
Published: February 2014

The growing challenges of environmental purification by solar photocatalysis, precious‐metal‐free catalysis, and photocurrent generation in photovoltaic cells receive the utmost global attention. Here we demonstrate a one‐pot, green chemical synthesis of a new stable heterostructured, ecofriendly, multifunctional microcomposite that consists of α‐Bi2O3 microneedles intercalated with anchored graphene oxide (GO) microsheets (1.0 wt %) for the above‐mentioned applications on a large economical scale. The bare α‐Bi2O3 microneedles display two times better photocatalytic activities than commercial TiO2 (Degussa‐P25), whereas the GO‐hybridized composite exhibits approximately four to six times enhanced photocatalytic activities than the neat TiO2 photocatalyst in the degradation of colored aromatic organic dyes (crystal violet and rhodamine 6G) under visible‐light irradiation (300 W tungsten lamp). The highly efficient activity is associated with the strong surface adsorption ability of GO for aromatic dye molecules, the high carrier acceptability, and the efficient electron–hole pair separation in Bi2O3 by individual adjoining GO sheets. The introduction of Ag nanoparticles (2.0 wt %) further enhances the photocatalytic performance of the composite over eightfold because of a plasmon‐induced electron‐transfer process from Ag nanoparticles through the GO sheets into the conduction band of Bi2O3. The new composites are also catalytically active and catalyze the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol to 4‐aminophenol in the presence of borohydride ions. Photoanodes assembled from GO/α‐Bi2O3 and Ag/GO/α‐Bi2O3 composites display an improved photocurrent response (power conversion efficiency ∼20 % higher) over those prepared without GO in dye‐sensitized solar cells.
Oxidorhenium(V) Complexes with Benzoylselenoureas
Authors: Schwade Vania D. , Hagenbach Adelheid , Schulz Lang Ernesto , Klauke Karsten , Mohr Fabian , Abram Ulrich
Published: February 2014

Oxidorhenium(V) complexes with N,N‐dialkyl‐N′‐benzoylselenoureas (HL) were prepared from reactions with (NBu4)[ReOCl4]. The formation of compounds such as [ReO(L‐κO,Se)2(OMe)] or [{ReO(L‐κO,Se)2}2O] suggests parallels with the established chemistry of corresponding benzoylthioureas, while the isolation of unusual species such as [ReO(L‐κO,Se)2(L‐κSe)], [{ReO(L‐κO,Se)2}2Se3] and the formation of the respective diselenide suggest a more complicated reaction pathway with the unstable selenium compounds, and one in which degradation products of the ligands also plays a role.
Aluminum Compounds Containing Pyrrole–Imine Ligand Systems – Synthesis, Characterization, Structure Elucidation, Ring‐Opening Polymerization, and Catalytic Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley Reaction
Authors: Hsu Shu‐Ya , Hu Ching‐Han , Tu Cheng‐Yi , Lin Chia‐Her , Chen Ren‐Yung , Datta Amitabha , Huang Jui‐Hsien
Published: February 2014

The reactions of AlMe3 with the tridentate pyrrole ligand precursor C4H3NH(2‐CH=NCH2Py) and subsequent treatment of the derivatives with small organic molecules such as 2,6‐diisopropylphenol or dibenzoylmethane were conveniently performed, and the products were characterized. The reaction between 1 equiv. of AlMe3 and 1 equiv. of a pyrrole–imine–pyridine ligand in toluene affords [Al{C4H3N(CHNCH2Py)Me2}] (1) in high yield. In addition, the use of 2 equiv. of AlMe3 with the same tridentate precursor results in the formation of a dialuminum compound [AlMe3{C4H3N(CHNCH2‐Py)AlMe2}] (2) in moderate yield. Furthermore, the combination of 1 with either 1 or 2 equiv. of 2,6‐diisopropylphenol or 2 equiv. of dibenzoylmethane in toluene yields aluminum monophenoxide or diphenoxide compounds [Al{C4H3N(CHNCH2‐Py)Me(O‐2,6‐iPr2C6H3)}] (3) and [Al{C4H3N(CHNCH2‐Py)}(O‐2,6‐iPr2C6H3)2] (4), respectively, as well as an aluminum bis‐diketonate compound, [Al{C4H3N(CHNCH2‐Py)}(PhCOCHCOPh)2] (5). All of the aforementioned derivatives were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and their solid‐state molecular structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The geometries of 1–5 show that the pyrrole ligand exists in the pyrrolyl–imine and azafulvene–amido resonance forms. Compounds 1, 3, 4 and 5 were used in the ring‐opening polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone in the presence of BnOH and in the catalytic Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley (MPV) reaction of 1‐naphthalenemethanol and 2‐naphthalenecarbaldehyde.
Phenolic extract from wild rose hip with seed: Composition, antioxidant activity, and performance in canola oil
Authors: Aladedunye Felix , Kersting Hans Josef , Matthäus Bertrand
Published: February 2014

In this study, the effectiveness of phenolic extracts from Rosa woodsii hip with seed (Rosae pseudofructus cum fructibus) in protecting vegetable oils against oxidative and thermal deterioration was assessed during accelerated storage of canola oil at 65°C, Rancimat at 120°C, and frying at 180°C. At the end of the 7‐day storage, formation of lipid hydroperoxides was 2.5 times higher in control canola oil compared to the fortified sample. Accumulation of polar components, polymerized TAGs and other secondary degradation products during frying was reduced by up to 30% in the presence of the applied phenolic extracts. Similarly, the oxidative stability of canola oil significantly increased in the presence of extract as measured by Rancimat induction period (IP). HPLC‐MS analysis indicated that quercetin, catechin, and gallic acid were the major phenolic constituents of Rosa woodsii fruit extract, and are possibly the active antioxidant compounds of the extract.

Practical applications: Oxidation of fats and oils or fatty fractions of foods is one of the major reasons for the deterioration of food. Therefore the search for highly effective antioxidants from natural sources to stabilize frying oils or food preparations is an ongoing story. The present paper demonstrates that phenolic extracts from Rosa woodsii Lindl (Rosaceae) can improve the frying and storage stability of edible oils. The findings can help food processors to improve quality and safety of food.

Phenolic extract from Rosa woodsii improved the thermo‐oxidative stability of canola oil.
Access to 3‐Arylindoles through a Tandem One‐Pot Protocol Involving Dearomatization, a Regioselective Michael Addition Reaction, and Rearomatization
Authors: Chittimalla Santhosh Kumar , Bandi Chennakesavulu , Putturu Sireesha , Kuppusamy Rajesh , Boellaard Kevin Christopher , Tan David Chu Aan , Lum Demi Ming Jie
Published: February 2014

A facile, general and rapid protocol for the introduction of oxygenated aryls at the 3‐position of indoles is described. This approach consists of a tandem dearomatization, a regioselective Michael addition reaction, and rearomatization in a one‐pot three‐step sequence to obtain 3‐arylindoles in good yields.
Diethylnitrosamine genotoxicity evaluated in sprague dawley rats using Pig‐a mutation and reticulocyte micronucleus assays
Authors: Avlasevich Svetlana L. , Phonethepswath Souk , Labash Carson , Carlson Kristine , Torous Dorothea K. , Cottom John , Bemis Jeffrey C. , MacGregor James T. , Dertinger Stephen D.
Published: February 2014

Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is a genotoxic carcinogen, but in vivo DNA‐damaging activities are not usually evident in hematopoietic cells because the short‐lived active metabolite is formed mainly in the liver. DEN therefore represented an interesting case for evaluating the performance characteristics of blood‐based endpoints of genotoxicity that have been automated using flow cytometric analysis—frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes and Pig‐a mutant phenotype reticulocytes (RETCD59−) and erythrocytes (RBCCD59−). Male Sprague Dawley rats were treated for 28 consecutive days with DEN at levels up to 12.5 mg/kg/day. Serial blood samples were collected and micronucleus frequencies were determined on Days 4 and 29, while RETCD59− and RBCCD59− frequencies were determined on Days 15, 29, and 42. The Pig‐a analyses were conducted with an enrichment step based on immunomagnetic column separation to increase the statistical power of the assay. Modest but significant reductions to reticulocyte frequencies demonstrated that bone marrow was exposed to reactive intermediates. Even so, DEN did not affect micronucleus frequencies at any dose level tested. However, RETCD59− frequencies were significantly elevated in the high dose group on Day 29, and RBCCD59− were increased at this same dose level on Days 29 and 42. These results demonstrate that the Pig‐a assay is sufficiently sensitive to evaluate chemicals for genotoxic potential, even in the case of a promutagen that has traditionally required direct assessment(s) of liver tissue for detection of DNA‐damage. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 55:400–406, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of LBGK and incompressible LBGK‐based lattice Boltzmann flux solvers for simulation of incompressible flows
Authors: Wang Y. , Shu C. , Teo C. J.
Published: February 2014

This paper presents lattice Boltzmann Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (LBGK) model and incompressible LBGK model‐based lattice Boltzmann flux solvers (LBFS) for simulation of incompressible flows. LBFS applies the finite volume method to directly discretize the governing differential equations recovered by lattice Boltzmann equations. The fluxes of LBFS at each cell interface are evaluated by local reconstruction of lattice Boltzmann solution. Because LBFS is applied locally at each cell interface independently, it removes the major drawbacks of conventional lattice Boltzmann method such as lattice uniformity, coupling between mesh spacing, and time interval. With LBGK and incompressible LBGK models, LBFS are examined by simulating decaying vortex flow, polar cavity flow, plane Poiseuille flow, Womersley flow, and double shear flows. The obtained numerical results show that both the LBGK and incompressible LBGK‐based LBFS have the second order of accuracy and high computational efficiency on nonuniform grids. Furthermore, LBFS with both LBGK models are also stable for the double shear flows at a high Reynolds number of 105. However, for the pressure‐driven plane Poiseuille flow, when the pressure gradient is increased, the relative error associated with LBGK model grows faster than that associated with incompressible LBGK model. It seems that the incompressible LBGK‐based LBFS is more suitable for simulating incompressible flows with large pressure gradients. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of biomarkers in the assessment of aquatic ecosystem health
Authors: Hook Sharon E , Gallagher Evan P , Batley Graeme E
Published: February 2014

Ensuring the health of aquatic ecosystems and identifying species at risk from the detrimental effects of environmental contaminants can be facilitated by integrating analytical chemical analysis with carefully selected biological endpoints measured in tissues of species of concern. These biological endpoints include molecular, biochemical, and physiological markers (i.e., biomarkers) that when integrated, can clarify issues of contaminant bioavailability, bioaccumulation, and ecological effects while enabling a better understanding of the effects of nonchemical stressors. In the case of contaminant stressors, an understanding of chemical modes of toxicity can be incorporated with diagnostic markers of aquatic animal physiology to help understand the health status of aquatic organisms in the field. Furthermore, new approaches in functional genomics and bioinformatics can help discriminate individual chemicals, or groups of chemicals among complex mixtures that may contribute to adverse biological effects. Although the use of biomarkers is not a new paradigm, such approaches have been underused in the context of ecological risk assessment and natural resource damage assessment. From a regulatory standpoint, these approaches can help better assess the complex effects from coastal development activities to assessing ecosystem integrity pre- and post development or site remediation. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014;10:327–341. © 2014 SETAC

Key Points

Issues of contaminant bioavailability, bioaccumulation and ecological effects can be clarified by integrating molecular, biochemical and physiological markers (i.e. biomarkers). The health of aquatic ecosystems and species in those systems can be monitored by integrating chemical analysis with carefully selected biomarkers. Although biomarkers are not new, they have not been adopted into ecological risk assessment or natural resource damage assessment.
Thermoplastic polyurethane/hydroxyapatite electrospun scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: Effects of polymer properties and particle size
Authors: Mi Hao‐Yang , Palumbo SunMi , Jing Xin , Turng Lih‐Sheng , Li Wan‐Ju , Peng Xiang‐Fang
Published: February 2014

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds were fabricated via electrospinning. The effects of TPU properties and HA particle size on scaffold physical properties and osteoblast‐like cell performance were investigated. It was found that the addition of micro‐HA (mHA), which was inlayed in the fiber, decreased the electrospun fiber diameter. On the contrary, nano‐HA (nHA), which was either embedded or existed inside of the fiber, increased the fiber diameter for both soft and hard TPUs. The soft TPU had a much lower Young's modulus and higher strain‐at‐break than the hard TPU. The addition of both mHA and nHA decreased the tensile properties; this decrease was more significant with mHA. The cells on the hard scaffolds actively proliferated and migrated compared to those on the soft scaffolds. On the other hand, cells on the soft scaffolds more effectively induced osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) than those on the hard scaffolds. In addition, our data suggest that the soft scaffolds with supplementation of nHA further enhanced osteogenesis of hMSCs compared to those without nHA. The soft TPU scaffolds containing nano‐HA have the potential to be used in bone tissue engineering applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1434–1444, 2014.