bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Synthesis and Performance of a Novel Lignin Modified Salt Resistance Branched High-Performance Water Reducer
Authors: Xin Haipeng , Guo Donggang
Published: December 2023

A lignin modified salt resistance branched high-performance water reducer was prepared via free radical polymerization. The water reducing agent was identified through Fourier transform infrared analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The experiment conducted on cement paste demonstrates that the water-reducing efficiency can reach a maximum of 44%. Additionally, the significant spatial steric hindrance of the application enhances the dispersal capability of the water-reducing agent, resulting in effective water reduction and reduced viscosity. In addition, its compressive strength is the highest after 3-day curing and 3, 7, 28-day standard curing, and it has the best overall performance both in water and saline water prepared systems.The application in oil cement slurry shows that it exhibits good dispersibility in fresh water, saline water, and substitute ocean water. In the Halfaya and Missan Oilfields of Iraq, BHPWR was used in slurry with a density of 2.28g cm-3 for casing the 244.5 mm salt paste layer of five wells. Cementing results exceeded expectations with over 85% excellent and 100% qualified.
Challenges and Promise for Glioblastoma Treatment through Extracellular Vesicle Inquiry
Authors: Liguori Giovanna L.
Published: December 2023

Glioblastoma (GB), even though not frequent, is an extremely aggressive brain tumor, with a strong impact on patient outcomes, in terms of both length and quality of life. The protocol estab-lished by Stupp and coworkers in 2005, based on radiotherapy and temozolomide chemotherapy, after maximum safe surgical resection, remains the gold standard for GB treatment. However, it is evident nowadays that the extreme GB intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity, invasive-ness and recurrence are not compatible with a routinary and unfortunately uneffective treatment. In this review article, we summarize the principal challenging issues in finding new valuable therapies for GB and focus on the impact that extracellular vesicle (EV) research and exploitation can have in the field. EVs are natural particles delimited by a lipidic bilayer and full of functional cellular content, released and uptaken by cells as key means of cell communications. Moreover, being stable in body fluids, well-immunotolerated, able to cross physiological, inter-species, and inter-kingdom barriers, and to target specific cells, releasing inherent or externally loaded functionally active molecules, EVs can be potentially ideal allies in fighting GB and assuring to GB patients a better prognosis. Here we report the main results obtained until now, focusing on both EV sources and molecular cargo used in the different functional studies, mainly in vivo. Finally, we perform a SWOT analysis reporting both the main advantages and the pitfalls of developing EV-based GB therapeutic strategies to highlight the main directions to explore for realizing the promise of EV exploitation for GB treatment.
Altered N6-methyladenosine Modification Patterns and Transcript Profiles Contributes to Cognitive Dysfunction in High-Fat Induced Diabetic Mice
Authors: Cao Zhaoming , An Yu , Lu Yanhui
Published: December 2023

Abstract: Objectives: To establish the expression profile of N6-methyladenosine(m6A) modifications in the hippocampus of mice with diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI) and elucidate the potential regulatory mechanism. Methods: A DCI model was established by feeding a high-fat diet to C57BL/6J mice. m6A and RNA sequencing was conducted to profile the m6A-tagged transcripts in the hippocampus. Results: Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation with next-generation sequencing and RNA sequencing analyses yielded differentially m6A-modified and expressed genes in the hippocampus of DCI mice, which were enriched in pathways involving synaptic transmission and axonal guidance. Mechanistic analyses revealed a remarkable change in m6A modification levels through alteration of the mRNA expression of m6A methyltransferases (METTL3 and METTL14) and demethylase (FTO) in the hippocampus of DCI mice. Conclusions: We identified a co-mediated specific RNA regulatory strategy that broadens the epigenetic regulatory mechanism of RNA-induced neurodegenerative disorders associated with metabolic and endocrine diseases.
Nitric Oxide in Fungi: Production and Function
Authors: Yu Nan-Nan , Park Gyungsoon
Published: December 2023

Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized and is involved in various physiological and developmental process regulation in all kingdoms of life. Fungi have been less explored in terms of endogenous NO biology than mammals, plants, and bacteria. In this review, we summarize and discuss the studies to date on intracellular NO biosynthesis and function in fungi. Two mechanisms for NO biosynthesis, NO synthase (NOS)-mediated arginine oxidation, and nitrate and nitrite reductase-mediated nitrite reduction, are most frequently reported. Furthermore, we summarize the multifaceted functions of NO in fungi, as well as its role as a signaling molecule in fungal growth regulation, development, abiotic stress, virulence regulation, and metabolism. Finally, we present potential directions for future research on fungal NO biology.
A Balancing Act: The Viral-Host Battle over RBPs
Authors: Bermudez Yahaira , Hatfield David , Muller Mandy
Published: December 2023

A defining feature of a productive infection is the co-opting of host cell resources for viral replication. Despite their repertoire of molecular functions, viruses subvert host defenses to take control of cellular factors such as RNA binding proteins (RBPs). RBPs are involved in virtually all steps of mRNA life forming ribonucleoprotein complexes (mRNPs) in a highly ordered and regulated process to control RNA fate and stability in the cell. Thus, the hallmark of this viral takeover is to reshape RNA fate in the cell to modulate host gene expression and evade immune responses. Here we provide an extensive review of work in this area, particularly how the host-viral interplay influences RBP functions to modulate the host cell. Overall, in this review, we highlight the myriad of ways RBPs can regulate RNA stability in either a pro-viral or antiviral manner by gathering novel insights gained from research studies in this field.
Investigating the Comparting between the Ultrafast Excited-State Electron Transfer in both Polyfluorene-Graphene and Polyfluorene- DCB Interfaces
Authors: Alsam Amani A.
Published: December 2023

Photophysics properties such as fluorescence quenching, and photoexcitation dynamics of bimolecular non-covalent systems consisting of cationic poly[(9,9-di(3,3’-N,N’-trimethyl-ammonium) propyl fluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-co-(9,9-dioctyl-fluorenyl-2,7-diyl)] diiodide salt (PFN) and anionic graphene carboxylate (GC) have been discovered for the first time by the steady state and time-resolved femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy with broadband capabilities. The steady-state fluorescence of PFN is quenched with high efficiency by GC acceptor. Fluorescence lifetime measurements revealed that the quenching mechanism of PFN by GC is static. Here, the quenching mechanisms are well proven by TA spectra of PFN/GC systems. For PFN/GC systems, the photo electron transfer (PET) and charge recombination (CR) processes are ultrafast (within few tens of ps) related to static interactions whereas for PFN/DCB systems the PET takes place in few hundreds ps (217.50 ps)1 suggesting diffusion-controlled PET process. In the latter case, the PFN+•-DCB-• radical ion pairs as the result of PET from the PFN to DCB are clearly resolved and they are long-lived. The slow CR process (in 30 ns time scales)1 suggest PFN+• and DCB-• may already form separated radical ion pairs through charge separation (CS) process, which recombined back to the initial state with a characteristic time constant of 30 ns. The advantage of the present positively charged polyfluorene used in this work is the control over the electrostatic interactions and electron transfers in non-covalent polyfluorene/quencher systems in DMSO solution.
Effect of Genotype, Environment and Genotype by Environment interactions on the antioxidant properties of Durum Wheat: impact of nitrogen fertilization, its application method and planting date
Authors: Melios Stergios , Ninou Elissavet , Irakli Maria , Tsivelika Nektaria , Sistanis Iosif , Papathanasiou Fokion , Didos Spyros , Zinoviadou Kyriaki , Karantonis Haralabos Christos , Argiriou Anagnostis , Mylonas Ioannis
Published: December 2023

In this study, an analysis was conducted on 16 durum wheat genotypes cultivated under seven different crop management systems. The purpose was to investigate the influence of Genotype (G), Environment (E), and Genotype by Environment interactions (GxE) on the content of total free phenolic compounds (TPC) and the antioxidant capacity (AC) of durum wheat in Mediterranean environments and identify their adaptability in climatic change. Additionally, possible correlations between TPC and AC with protein content (PC), and vitreous-kernel percentage (VKP) of the samples were examined. The results indicated significant impacts from E, G, and GxE on both TPC and AC. Among the E, the mean values for TPC, ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP values were recorded at 48.8 mg TE/100 g dw, 121.3 mg TE/100 g dw, 23.0 mg TE/100 g dw, and 88.4 mg TE/100 g dw, respectively. Environments subjected to splitting topdressing N fertilization consistently showed low values, while the late sowing ones possessed high values. The Organic environment maintained a stable position in the middle across all measurements. The predominant influence was attributed to GxE, as indicated by the order GxE >E>G for ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP while for TPC was E>GxE>G. A comprehensive exploration of GxE interaction holds the potential to improve the total free phenolics content and antioxidant capacity of durum wheat within wheat farming systems. Achieving this enhancement involves the meticulous selection of cultivars that not only display high values but also exhibit stability across diverse conditions. Noteworthy genotypes for TPC include G5, G7 and G10, for ABTS include G3, G5 and G7, and for protein include G1, G9, and G16. G7 and G5 had high presence of frequency with G7 being the closest genotype to the ideal for both TPC and ABTS. These results suggest that the cultivation period as well as the nitrogen fertilization and its application method have a significant impact on the various antioxidant properties of durum wheat. This study holds significant importance as it represents the first comprehensive exploration of the impact of various E on the TPC and AC in durum wheat, with a special emphasis on the crop management. Notably, the significance of several statistical tools is also highlighted, such as the GGE biplot, Pi, and KR, in identifying superior genotypes, with the GGE biplot being highly valuable since it offers a visual representation of the study's outcomes.
Post-translational Modifications of Beta-Amyloid Alter Its Transport across the Blood-Brain Barrier
Authors: Varshavskaya Kseniya B. , Petrushanko Irina Yu. , Mitkevich Vladimir A. , Barykin Evgeny P. , Makarov Alexander A.
Published: December 2023

One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) leading to formation of soluble neurotoxic Aβ oligomers and insoluble amyloid plaques in various parts of the brain. Aβ undergoes post-translational modifications that alter its pathogenic properties. Aβ is produced not only in brain, but also in the peripheral tissues. Such Aβ, including its post-translationally modified forms, can enter the brain from circulation by binding to RAGE and contribute to the pathology of AD. However, the transport of modified forms of Aβ across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) has not been investigated. Here, we used a transwell BBB model as a controlled environment for permeability studies. We found that Aβ42 containing isomerized Asp7 residue (iso-Aβ42) and Aβ42 containing phosphorylated Ser8 residue crossed the BBB better than unmodified Aβ42, which correlated with different contribution of endocytosis mechanisms to the transport of these isoforms. Using microscale thermophoresis, we observed that RAGE binds to iso-Aβ42 an order of magnitude weaker than to Aβ42. Thus, post-translational modifications of Aβ increase the rate of its transport across the BBB and modify the mechanisms of the transport, which may be important for AD pathology and treatment.
A Review about Lateral Ankle Instability and Emerging Alternative Outcome Monitoring Tools in Patients Following Ankle Ligament Reconstruction Surgery
Authors: Saliba Ibrahim , Hardy Alexandre , Wang Wenzheng , Vialle Raphael , Feruglio Sylvain
Published: December 2023

Ankle sprains are exceedingly common injuries in both athletes and general population. They account for 10 to 30% of all sports injuries. Although the vast majority of lateral ankle ligamentous injuries respond successfully to conservative management, the absolute number of those that progress to chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) remains considerably important. This condition is characterized by persistent symptoms and may be associated with short-term and long-term complications and functional deficits. There is still a lack of ideal postoperative management of CLAI patients. Furthermore, an evidence-based rehabilitation phasing does not exist and most of the published studies regarding this subject suggest some protocols based on a wide variety of functional assessment scores and other modalities which are not accurate enough. Moreover, the literature that assesses the ability to return to work (RTW) and return to sport (RTS) in general population and athletes operated for CLAI shows most commonly aggregated results with global rates of RTW or RTS without describing a detailed timeline based on the readiness of patients to return to each level of activity. Although stress radiographs and MRI have been assessed as potential tools to improve postoperative management of CLAI patients, the first modality is limited by its low sensitivity to detect laxity and the second one by its static character and its inability to predict the healing process phase nor the mechanical properties of the repaired/reconstructed ligaments. Bioelectrical impedance, mechanical impedance and near-infrared spectroscopy are non-invasive methods of measurement that could be potential assessment tools to help surgeons improve the postoperative management of patients after CLAI surgery.
A Study on Micro-Mobility Data Collection System Using Incremental Learning Techniques
Authors: Lee Eunkyu , Kim Taeseong , Khan Junaid , Zaman Umar , Ku Jaebin , Kim Kyungsup
Published: December 2023

This study addressed the need for efficient data collection in micro-mobility using low-end hardware, focusing on developing a system capable of handling large real-time data streams. We proposed a novel data collection system that leverages incremental learning techniques, enabling AI-based services for micro-mobility passengers through smartphones. Our approach utilizes 3-axis acceleration sensors integrated into micro-mobility devices, collecting motion data in real-time. This data is processed through an incremental learning pre-processing server, employing the Broad Learning System algorithm, to ensure robust performance in noisy, real-world environments. The use of incremental learning is pivotal, allowing our system to adapt continuously to new data, enhancing the accuracy and relevance of the AI services provided to passengers. This research not only advances the technical capabilities in micro-mobility data handling but also has the potential to enhance the overall passenger experience through improved AI-based services.
Effect of Acetylation on the Nanofibril Formation of Chitosan
Authors: Shen Jana , Romany Aarion , Payne Gregory F.
Published: December 2023

Chitosan is a copolymer of β-glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. Recent experiments showed that the degree and pattern of acetylation along the chitosan chain modulate the biological and physicochemical properties; however, the molecular mechanism is unknown. Here we apply the de novo all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study chitosan’s self-assembly process at different degrees of acetylation and two different acetylation patterns. The simulations revealed that the 10-mer chitosan chains with 50% acetylation in either block or alternating patterns associate to form ordered nanofibrils comprised of mainly antiparallel chains in agreement with the fiber diffraction data of deacetylated chitosan. Surprisingly, regardless of the acetylation pattern, the same intermolecular hydrogen bonds mediate the fibril sheet formation while water-mediated interactions stabilize the sheet-sheet stacking. Moreover, the acetylated units are involved in forming the strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds (NH–O6 and O6H–O7), which offers an explanation for the experimental observation that increased acetylation lowers chitosan’s solubility. Taken together, the present study provides the atomic-level understanding the role of acetylation plays in modulating chitosan’s physiochemical properties, contributing to the rational design of chitosan-based materials with the ability to tune by its degree and pattern of acetylation. Additionally, we disseminate the improved molecular mechanics parameters that can be applied in MD studies to further understand chitosan-based materials.
Microstructure and Properties of FeAlC-x(WC-Co) Composite Coating Prepared through Plasma Transfer Arc Cladding
Authors: Chen Bai-Yang , Zhang Bo , Zhao Daming , Gao Peihu , Naumov Anton , Li Qi-bao , Li Fei , Yang Zhong , Guo Yongchun , Li Jian-Ping , Wu Bao-Long , Gong Jin-Yuan , Liu Jia-Wei
Published: December 2023

Tungsten carbide (WC) was well known as a wear-resistant material. Iron-based pow-der was suitable for remanufacturing of cast iron engine parts. To improve the wear resistance of the remanufactured iron-based cast iron engine parts, WC-Co was intro-duced into iron-based powders to prepare composite coatings for cast iron engine components. In this work, FeAlC-x(WC-Co) composite coatings were prepared by plasma transfer arc on compacted graphite cast iron. The influences of WC-Co con-tents in the Fe-AlC-x(WC-Co) composite coatings on the microstructure and properties of the composite coatings were investigated. The composite coatings contained γ-Fe, α-Fe, WC and Fe3W3C mainly. The microhardness of FeAlC-x(WC-Co) composite coatings had the highest hardness of 814 HV0.2, the-lowest coefficient of 0.5 and the lest wear mass loss of 1.3mg when the weight content of WC-Co in the composite coating was 20wt%. As compared with the FeAlC coating, FeAlC-x(WC-Co) composite coating achieved the effect of reducing friction and wear resistance simultaneously, which resulted from the self-lubricating effect of graphite and high wear-resistance of carbides in the claddings.
Depressive Disorders and EU Labour Resources – the Problem of Lost Productivity in Highly Developed Economies
Authors: Jakubowska Agnieszka
Published: December 2023

The aim of the research presented here is to assess the impact of depressive disorders on the potential of the labour markets in the countries of the European Union, with particular reference to the disparities between the 'old' and 'new' EU countries. The initial hypothesis of persistent inequalities in the system under study was verified by analysing the process of convergence in the burden of depressive disorders among people aged 20-54 that occurred in the EU-27 group of countries between 1990 and 2019. The study used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (IHME, 2020), which examined the number of years lived with disability (YLD) due to depression in the working age population. The analysis showed that the high burden of the consequences of depressive disorders is particularly true for the highly developed economies of the EU-14. The results of the convergence assessment did not confirm the real effect of catching up over time with economies in a more favourable situation, and the inequalities observed at the beginning of the analysis period deepened..
Ingestion of Bean Leaves Reduces Metabolic Complications and Restores Intestinal Integrity in C57BL/6 Mice with Obesity Induced by a High-Fat, High-Fructose Diet
Authors: Ocampo-Anguiano Perla Viridiana , Victoria-Ruiz Laura Lizeth , Reynoso-Camacho Rosalía , Olvera-Ramírez Andrea Margarita , Rocha-Guzmán Nuria Elizabeth , Ramos-Gómez Minerva , Ahumada-Solórzano Santiaga Marisela
Published: December 2023

The consumption of foods with fiber and phenolic compounds can be part of treating obesity through interaction with the gastrointestinal tract. Treatment with common bean leaves (BL) for obesity was evaluated in mice on a high-fat, high-fructose diet (HFFD). The proximal and phytochemical characterization of BL was determined. Obesity was induced with a HFFD for 14 weeks. Immediately after, the animals were supplemented with BL (10%) or standard diet (SD) as a strategy to seem a healthy diet (12 additional weeks). Changes in body composi-tion, lipid profile, and intestinal integrity were analyzed. BL contained 27.2% dietary fiber, total phenolics (475.04 mg/100 g), and saponins (2.2 mg/100 g). The VAT consumption of the BL group decreased by 52% compared to the HFFD group. Additionally, triglyceride concentrations were 23% lower in the BL consumption group compared to the HFFD group. The improvement in lipid profile was attributed to the (1.77-fold) higher fecal lipid excretion in the BL consumption group compared to the HFFD group. Likewise, pancreatic lipase decreased by 29%. Furthermore, BL supplementation reduced the level of IL-6 (4.4-fold) and FITC-dextran in serum by 50% compared with that in the HFFD group. Metabolic endotoxemia was inhibited after BL supplementation (-33%) compared to the HFFD group. BL consumption as a treatment in obese mice reduces adipose tissue accumulation and improves the lipid profile. Furthermore, we report for the first time that BL consumption improves intestinal integrity.
Examining the Impact of Infection Reactivation on Extracellular Vesicles purified from Patients with Chronic Chagas Disease
Authors: Madeira Rafael Pedro , Meneghetti Paula , Lozano Nicholy , Namiyama Gislene M. , Pereira-Chioccola Vera Lucia , Torrecilhas Ana Claudia
Published: December 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer envelopes that encapsulate cell-specific cargo, rendering them promising biomarkers for diverse diseases. Chagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, poses a significant global health burden, transcending its initial epicenter in Latin America to affect individuals in Europe, Asia, and North America. In this study, we aimed to characterize circulating EVs derived from patients with chronic Chagas disease (CCD) experiencing reactivation of acute symptoms. Blood samples collected in EDTA were processed to isolate plasma and subsequently subjected to ultracentrifugation for particle isolation and purification. The EVs were characterized using nanoparticle tracking analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our findings revealed distinctive differences in size, concentration, and composition of EVs between immunosuppressed patients and those with CCD. Importantly, these EVs play a critical role in the pathophysiology of Chagas disease and demonstrate significant potential as biomarkers in the chronic phase of the disease. Overall, our findings support the potential utility of the CL-ELISA assay as a specific sensitive tool for detecting circulating EVs in chronic chagasic patients, particularly those with recurrent infection following immunosuppressive treatment or with concurrent HIV and Chagas disease. Further investigations are warranted to identify and validate the specific antigens or biomarkers responsible for the observed reactivity in these patient groups, which may have implications for diagnosis, monitoring of treatment and prognosis.
Dataset Creation for Semantic Segmentation Using Colored Point Clouds Considering Shadows on Traversable Area
Authors: Wada Marin , Ueda Yuriko , Morioka Junya , Adachi Miho , Miyamoto Ryusuke
Published: December 2023

Semantic segmentation, which provides pixel-wise class labels for an input image, is expected to improve the movement performance of autonomous robots significantly. However, it is difficult to train a good classifier for target applications; public large-scale datasets are often unsuitable. Actually, a classifier trained using Cityscapes is not enough accurate for the Tsukuba Challenge. To generate an appropriate dataset for the target environment, we attempt to construct a semi-automatic method using a colored point cloud obtained with a 3D scanner. Although some degree of accuracy is achieved, it is not practical. Hence, we propose a novel method that creates images with shadows by rendering them in the 3D space to improve the classification accuracy of actual images with shadows, for which existing methods do not output appropriate results. Experimental results using datasets captured around the Tsukuba City Hall demonstrate that the proposed method was superior when appropriate constraints were applied for shadow generation; the mIoU was improved from 0.358 to 0.491 when testing images were obtained at different locations.
Implementation of Brute-Force Value Iteration for Mobile Robot Path Planning and Obstacle Bypassing
Authors: Ueda Ryuichi , Tonouchi Leon , Ikebe Tatsuhiro , Hayashibara Yasuo
Published: December 2023

We applied a brute-force value iteration algorithm to mobile robot navigation. Value iteration is computationally more expensive than search methods used for navigation. However, it can perfectly calculate the expected cost-to-go from any point in a state space. From this cost data, a robot can know not only the optimal behavior at any position and orientation but also the appropriate detour path against suddenly appearing obstacles. This study implemented value iteration and investigated its properties through experiments with simulated and actual robots. Although its computational cost remained high, our implementation could operate a robot in an actual outdoor environment with 3,700 m2free space. We also verified that our implementation calculates long detour paths toward closures composed of obstacles.
Detection and Measurement of Opening and Closing Automatic Sliding Glass Doors
Authors: Yagi Kazuma , Ho Yitao , Nagata Akihisa , Kiga Takayuki , Suzuki Masato , Takahashi Tomokazu , Tsuzuki Kazuyo , Aoyagi Seiji , Arai Yasuhiko , Mae Yasushi
Published: December 2023

This paper proposes a method for the recognition of the opened/closed states of automatic sliding glass doors to allow for automatic robot-controlled movement from outdoors to indoors and vice versa by a robot. The proposed method uses an RGB-D camera as a sensor for extraction of the automatic sliding glass doors region and image recognition to determine whether the door is opened or closed. The RGB-D camera measures the distance between the opened or moving door frames, thereby facilitating outdoor to indoor movement and vice versa. Several automatic sliding glass doors under different experimental conditions are experimentally investigated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Reliability Improvement of a Crawler-Type Ceiling Mobile Robot in Starting, Accelerating, and Traveling Phase at High Speed
Authors: Ezaka Rei , Yoshida Takehito , Yamada Yudai , Warisawa Shin’ichi , Fukui Rui
Published: December 2023

The ceiling serves as an ideal location for robots to handle transportation tasks, as it ensures minimal interference between automated guided vehicles (AGV) and human activities. A previous study developed a ceiling mobile robot called HanGrawler 2. It can travel at a high speed of 1.0 m/s to compete with ground vehicles. However, it occasionally fails during high-speed travel. This study aims to improve the reliability of starting, accelerating, and traveling at high speed. Optical motion capture is used to observe the crawler behavior of HanGrawler 2. The observation of the crawler behavior revealed that the crawler moves on an inflated trajectory during the high-speed movement. In addition, the experimental results show that the collision is not caused by the inflation, but by the push-in timing. The reliability of high-speed travel was improved by installing an encoder and optimizing the push-in timing in accordance with speed fluctuations.
Proposal for Navigation System Using Three-Dimensional Maps—Self-Localization Using a 3D Map and Slope Detection Using a 2D Laser Range Finder and 3D Map
Authors: Chen Neng , Suga Shinichiro , Suzuki Masato , Takahashi Tomokazu , Mae Yasushi , Arai Yasuhiko , Aoyagi Seiji
Published: December 2023

Many teams participating in robotic competitions achieve localization using a 2D map plotted using adaptive Monte Carlo localization, a robot operating system (ROS) open-source software program. However, outdoor environments often include nonlevel terrain such as slopes. In the indoor environment of multilevel structures, the data representing different levels overlap on the map. These factors can lead to localization failures. To resolve this problem, we develop a software by combining HDL localization, which is an ROS open-source software, with our own program, and use it to achieve localization based on a 3D map. Furthermore, the authors observe the erroneous recognition of a slope as a forward obstacle during a competition event. To resolve this, we propose a method to correct erroneous recognition of obstacles using a 2D laser range finder and 3D map and confirm its validity in an experiment carried out on a slope on a university campus.
Development of Mobility Type Upper Limb Power Assist System —Mechanism and Design of Power Assist Device—
Authors: Inoue Hiroyuki , Shimura Hiroshi
Published: December 2023

In fruit cultivation, viticulture requires the longest working hours in extended arm postures, much of which is carried out in standing postures to accumulate fatigue on arms, shoulders, and legs: a tough working environment. In this study, we propose a power assist system to assist its users in their extended arm work while they move in vineyards. The proposed system largely consists of a mobile robot, a power assist device for work, and a control system. The mobile robot is structured with a tracked vehicle for rough terrain arranged on its left and right sides so that the users can sit between the two vehicles and be assisted by the power assist device for work installed on it. The power assist device for work with a single linear actuator utilizing a linkage mechanism has the function to retain users’ hand attitude angles while assisting the flexion and extension movements of their shoulder, elbow, and carpometacarpal joints. Then, we verify by simulations the effects that the arrangement and lengths of links will have on the carpometacarpal joints’ trajectories as well as on the hand attitude angles. Finally, in order to check the effectiveness of the proposed power assist device for work, we conducted the evaluation experiments for assumed grape-harvesting work and gibberellin treatments. As a result, we proved its work assisting effects from the muscle activity states as well as its applicability to other kinds of work by altering its linkage structure and hand support part.
Legal instruments of financial support for low-carbon energy in the legal system of Poland
Authors: Rakoczy Bartosz
Published: December 2023

In Polish law, legal instruments for financial support for low-carbon energy can be described and evaluated according to certain general criteria. First, it should be noted that low-carbon energy is not a self-contained goal of financial support. However, it can be concluded that Polish law provides for such a value protected by law, and consequently, it is eligible for financing. Furthermore, legal instruments of financial support for low-carbon energy take the form of both public and non-public funds. Moreover, these instruments are characteristics of both public and private law. However, the predominant legal instrument providing such support is a contract, although sometimes it is deeply rooted in public law. Alternatively it should be noted that the practical uses of instruments of financial support for low-carbon energy are complicated. This requires elaborate applications with numerous attachments, including documents and declarations. In addition, the process of granting such funds lasts a long time and is preceded by audits. Consequently, the instruments were not used to their fullest extent.
Smart Factories: New Production Spaces in Digital Transition
Authors: Başeğmez Merve Pekdemir , Asiliskender Burak
Published: December 2023

Digital developments have affected humanity in industry and many areas in recent years. The new revolution, defined as Industry 4.0, is planned to ensure remote and digital machine–human collaboration for a new working life. Thanks to internet technologies, communication can be achieved in a digital network with the machines and robots used in production and the employees who manage and supervise them. In this new order, the possibility of people participating in the system remotely, leaving physical production to robots, and using smart production systems leads to factories turning into smart factories. While smart factories require a digital environment between humans and machines, they also bring humans and machines together for different functions. As a result of the digital revolution, the transformation of factories into smart factories and innovations in the production space initiates a new discussion in industrial architecture. This study focuses on the spatial effects of the smart production model of the new factory revolution. The research aims to understand how digital production processes in smart factories change factory designs. For this reason, smart factory definitions were first researched in the literature, and future factory propositions were examined. Then, in this context, smart production spaces designed and built to produce new technologies since the day the new revolution was introduced were analysed. This study aims to present a projection for new production spaces with the morphological analyses performed. As a result, this study will form the basis for future studies as an architectural criticism of the transition process.
About elementary particles
Authors: Stetsenko V. Yu.
Published: December 2023

It is shown that only stable particles can be elementary particles. The fundamental elementary particles are positive, negative and neutral particles of space. Photons and neutrinos are formed from them, which are elementary particles of electrons, positrons and protons. A neutral photon consists of a positive elementary particle of space, around which a negative elementary particle of space rotates. A neutrino consists of a negative elementary particle of space, around which a positive elementary particle of space rotates. An electron has a structure consisting of negative and neutral photons connected by negative elementary particles of space. The positron has a structure consisting of positive and neutral photons connected by negative elementary particles of space. A proton consists of a positively charged nucleus around which electrons rotate. The proton nucleus consists of positrons bound by neutrino particles. Atomic nuclei consist of positive and neutral protons connected by the exchange of electrons and neutrino particles. The carriers of electromagnetic interaction are positive and negative elementary particles of space. The carriers of the gravitational interaction are neutral elementary particles of space. Electromagnetic, gravitational and inertial forces are the forces of space. Space is an equilibrium system, just like the whole universe.
Nanostructural phase transformations in eutectoid reactions of binary alloys
Authors: Marukovich E. I. , Stetsenko V. Yu. , Stetsenko A. V.
Published: December 2023

It is shown that eutectoid reactions of binary alloys are nanostructural processes. The main phase, which decays during the eutectoid reaction, is formed during the crystallization of a metal melt of eutectoid composition. This process is nanostructured. In it, the main elements of microcrystals are the nanocrystals of the alloy components. During the eutectoid reaction, the microcrystals of the main phase disintegrate into nanocrystals. Microcrystals of the other two phases are formed from them.
Mechanisms of modification of magnesium– manganese alloys
Authors: Marukovich E. I. , Stetsenko V. Yu. , Stetsenko A. V.
Published: December 2023

It is shown that the main modifying phases cannot serve as centers of crystallization of α‑phase microcrystals during solidification of magnesium‑manganese alloys.The superheating modification of these alloys is an adsorption‑nanostructural process. It is shown that adsorbed hydrogen acts as a modifying element of the structure of castings of magnesium‑manganese alloys. The mechanism of their modification by overheating consists of a significant decrease in the concentration of adsorbed hydrogen due to the predominance of its desorption processes from elementary magnesium and manganese nanocrystals in liquid magnesiummanganese alloys. The mechanism of modification of the main modifying phases of these alloys consists of a significant decrease in the concentration of adsorbed hydrogen in the melts through a significant decrease in the concentration of dissolved hydrogen.
Performance Results from the Installation of High Temperature Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipes (RTP) in Sour Gas Lines in Abu Dhabi
Authors: Tamimi Abdallah , Wright John R , Lemock Gabriel , Al Alawi Faisal Masoud , Rodriguez Clemente , Burke Raymond
Published: December 2023

Reinforced thermoplastic pipe (RTP) has historically been used for water injection and disposal pipelines in the Middle East for processes at operating temperatures up to 85°C. As the acceptance of RTP pipelines has increased in the region, applications for pipelines utilizing RTP has grown, but generally in lower temperature applications. Three sections of RTP were installed in a flow line in Abu Dhabi for high temperature (110°C) flow. The RTP was designed for operating temperatures to 110°C for high H2S (10% -20%) and CO2 natural gas flow lines, which also contained brine and sand. The sections of pipe were removed after four months in service and key performance tests were performed. The results were compared with un-aged samples. This paper provides an overview of the RTP pipe design, installation and removal, performance tests and conclusions regarding the comparison of test results between aged and unaged RTP pipes. Additional testing suggestions are proposed on the basis of changes in flowline operating parameters over time.
Non-Metallic Pipe Solutions with Permeation Barrier for Safe Transport of Energy Production Fluids – Lab Tests and Case Study
Authors: Spaeth Thorsten
Published: December 2023

Non-metallic pipe systems are the perfect option for transporting highly corrosive fluids from oil and gas production which are potentially environmentally hazardous, since they contain volatile organic hydrocarbons. The operation of oil and gas production in agricultural lands is common in Europe and requires permeation tight solutions in order to prevent any kind of environmental contamination.

In the past, leakages caused by corrosion damages on carbon steel pipes or by permeation of hydrocarbons through pipes made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) have resulted in environmental damages. In order to prove the suitability of plastic pipes with an integrated aluminum barrier layer tests over a 4-year time period were done in the context of field- and laboratory trials.

For the pilot tests performed in a crude oil production system, the oil and water composition was given by the real case. For the systematic laboratory tests, clearly specified test liquids which came as close to providing a representative sample as possible were used. In order to simulate the most severe conditions conceivable, the test liquids were a saturated solution consisting of various volatile hydrocarbons, some of them also chlorinated, and a mixture of pure volatile hydrocarbons with a 10-per-cent share of aromatic toluene.

In contrast to single-layer plastic pipes, the pipes featuring a barrier layer were shown to be resistant to permeation of all of the dissolved volatile organic ingredients examined by the tests. These results could be confirmed by the performed pilot test in Romania.

Thus, plastic pipes equipped with a metallic barrier layer can be recommended for loss-free transport of aqueous liquids containing hydrocarbons, such as production water in crude oil. Combined with permanent monitoring for the purpose of damage detection, this non-metallic pipe solution complies with even the strictest environmental requirements, thus enabling oil production in environmental sensitive areas and guarantees reliable protection of the environment.
Considerations for Selecting Sustainable Corrosion Resistant Pipeline Solutions for the Oil & Gas Industry
Authors: Bouey Samuel , Sakell Aethan , Sakr Assaad
Published: December 2023

This presentation will discuss how the existing corrosion resistant pipeline solutions measure against the performance characteristics required for safe and reliable corrosion-resistant pipelines in the oil and gas industry.

This evaluation will survey the performance requirements of corrosion-resistant pipeline solutions considering technical, construction, economic and ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) perspectives and will compare those requirements to the characteristics of the available corrosion-resistant pipeline systems. This presentation also includes a case study covering the use of an innovative factory lined carbon steel pipeline product in a produced water network for a global exploration and production company in the Rocky Mountain region of the USA.

As the corrosion-resistant pipeline options are engineered systems that vary in construction, performance, economics and ESG characteristics, this presentation will highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the various corrosion-resistant pipeline options and will provide criteria for material selection in order to achieve safe and reliable corrosion-resistant pipelines within the oil and gas industry.

This presentation will provide the pipelines professional with relevant considerations to support the decision-making process related to the material selection of corrosion-resistant pipelines.
Mechanical Evaluation and Intervention in Non-Metallic Tubulars Using Current Technologies
Authors: Larbi Zeghlache Mohamed , Al-Muhammadi Khaled , Pervaiz Iqbal , Maity Sandip
Published: December 2023

With increasing interest in non-metallic products for downhole applications, such as the fiberglass tubing, it is essential to ensure the well integrity in similar way as standard carbon steel completions. One important aspect of well integrity is the ability to routinely access the downhole condition of the tubing and perform basic intervention. This paper demonstrates the testing and validation of different mechanical evaluations of the integrity of fiberglass tubing using logging and intervention tools.

In this work, two joints of Fiberglass were connected together in order to study the effect of logging and intervention tools on the integrity of these joints from inner and outer surfaces as well as the structural integrity. For inner wall evaluation, a multifinger caliper tool was run inside the two joints several times in order to investigate potential damage caused by the fingers. In addition, a tubing puncher was used to punch a hole and characterize the surface damage and any effects on the structural integrity of the fiberglass. Furthermore, a tubing cut was performed in order to confirm the performance of the cutting tool in such environment. All the tests were conducted safely and successfully at surface using two different sizes of fiberglass tubing.

The tested tubulars were split cut to further investigate internal condition. The effect of applied fingertips on the inner wall surface of the fiberglass from several passes indicated minor scratches that can be further investigated using an accelerated wear test. The integrity of this non-metallic tubular can be evaluated using standard mechanical tools in order to identify defects and scale buildup. Other intervention tools such as the mechanical puncher and cutter indicated successful deployment under surface conditions.

Investigation of existing downhole evaluation and intervention technologies can provide an immediate assessment of the benefits and limitations with respect to unconventional completions such as the fiberglass tubing and other non-metallic pipes. Future research and development programs can rely on such solid basis to tailor advanced solutions for any specific application or products.
A Success Story of Using Deepwater Semisubmersible Drilling Rig for Workover Operation in 400 Meters Water Depth without Utilization of Anchoring System
Authors: Binilang Ronald , Pande Batara , Sare Johanes , Herputra Shanni , Rossi Massimo , Prayogo Denny , Shanks Colin , Wee Damien
Published: December 2023

This paper will be focused on the engineering process for first-time experience workover operation in shallow water depth with a 6th generation semisubmersible drilling rig. The 6th generation semisubmersible drilling rig is designed for operations in water depths of up to 3000 meters, with a typical minimum water depth requirement of 600 meters. However, the operation described in this paper was conducted at a depth of 400 meters solely relying on the dynamic positioning (DP) stability system without any additional mooring and anchoring system. The paper will cover the environmental conditions, engineering processes for drilling rig qualifications, operations envelope, mitigation plan, summary of the drilling rig performance, and lesson learned during the campaign.

The well was initially completed in 2019 by generation 4 semisubmersible drilling rig with mooring assistance. However, indications of decreased production performance prompted the need for a workover intervention to restore the original production indicators. The workover operation was planned after development wells at nearby field with water depth ranging between 1300-1500 m. The well test was requested after the completion phase, which includes utilizations of Through BOP Intervention Riser System (TBIRS) inside the drilling riser. Due to the presence of subsea facilities surrounding the well, it was not advisable to use an anchoring system to maintain stability, as it could pose hazards to the flow line or umbilical in close proximity to the well.

Engineering preparation was made to qualify the capability of the rig to operate in the shallow water depth. Preliminary review showed technical concerns of deep-water drilling rig to operate below its minimum water depth. The key areas where then studied and assessed further to prepare for shallow operations include riser analysis and fatigue management (subsea Christmas tree, wellhead, and landing string component). Operation mitigation is then implemented thru dynamic positioning preparations, ESD management, rig heading, power generators reliability, riser angle and weather monitoring.

Based on assessment of actual data, the rig was successful in maintaining the operational window in terms of static load and time series load management. Stable station keeping and desired heading was achieved for most of the time which has resulted on ensuring structural load and fatigue of subsea equipment within the safety margin. Key success factors were the engineering assessment, early stage of preparation, real time monitoring of manual and electrical parameters, DP3 reliability, electro-hydraulic control system and great teamwork while performing the job.