bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of short-course point-of-care echocardiography training on the performance of medical interns in children
Authors: Nazari Esfandiar , Tajani Zahra Bahman , Maroufizadeh Saman , Ghorbani Mohammad , Rad Afagh Hassanzadeh , Badeli Hamidreza
Published: December 2022

Background

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) can add complementary information to physical examination. Despite its development in several medical specialties, there is a lack of similar studies on children by medical interns and cardiologists. Therefore, investigators aimed to assess the effect of short-course training on the performance of medical interns in point-of-care echocardiography in children.

Methods

This analytic cross-sectional study was conducted on 161 hospitalized children in 17 Shahrivar children’s hospital, Iran, from January 2021 to May 2021. Seven interns (trainees) participated in a short course of point-of-care echocardiography to assess left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), inferior vena cava collapsibility index (IVCCI), and the presence of pericardial effusion (PEff). Each patient underwent point-of-care echocardiography by one of the trainees. Then, in less than one hour, the echocardiography was performed by a single cardiologist. Agreement between the cardiologist and trainees was examined using Cohen’s kappa coefficient and Prevalence-Adjusted Bias-Adjusted Kappa (PABAK). For numerical variables, the agreement was examined using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results

Results showed that the cardiologist and trainees detected LVEF >50, IVCCI >50%, and the absence of PEff in most of the participants. A good agreement in terms of ICC and CCC for LVEF (0.832 and 0.831, respectively) and a good agreement in terms of ICC and CCC for IVCCI (0.878 and 0.877, respectively) were noted. Using categorical scoring of LVEF and IVCCI showed 94.4% and 87.6% complete agreement, respectively. Furthermore, using categorical scoring of LVEF and IVCCI, Cohen’s kappa coefficient was 0.542 (moderate) and 0.619 (substantial), respectively. The PABAK for LVEF and IVCCI were 0.886 (almost perfect) and 0.752 (substantial), respectively. For PEff, Cohen’s kappa and PABAK were 0.797 (moderate) and 0.988 (almost perfect), respectively, and the complete agreement was noted in 160 patients (99.4%).

Conclusions

This study showed that a short teaching course could help medical interns to assess LVEF, IVCCI, and PEff in children. Therefore, it seems that adding this course to medical interns’ curricula can be promising.
Individual and situational predictors of psychological and physiological stress and burnout among maternity providers in Northern Ghana
Authors: Nutor Jerry John , Aborigo Raymond A. , Okiring Jaffer , Kuwolamo Irene , Dorzie John Baptist K. , Getahun Monica , Mendes Wendy Berry , Afulani Patience A.
Published: December 2022

Background

Maternity providers, including nurses, midwives, physicians, are at significant risk for stress and burnout due to the nature of care provision in maternal and child health settings. Yet, the empirical evidence on stress and burnout among maternity providers in sub-Saharan Africa is scarce. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to (1) assess levels of stress and burnout among maternity providers and support staff in Ghana, and (2) identify individual and situational factors associated with maternity provider stress, burnout, and physiology.

Method

Using a purposive sampling technique, we recruited 150 maternity providers from 19 high delivery health facilities within the 15 districts of the Upper East region (UER) of Ghana into a cross-sectional study. Participants completed Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale, the Shirom-Melamed Burnout scale, and sociodemographic, health-, and work-related items. Participants’ heart rate variability (HRV) and hair cortisol levels were assessed for stress-related physiologic responses. We computed bivariate and multivariate linear regression models to examine factors associated with stress and burnout.

Result

Most participants were experiencing moderate to high stress (58.0%) and burnout (65.8%). Each unit increase in overcommitment to work was associated with 0.62 higher perceived stress scores (β = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.22, 1.02) and 0.15 higher burnout scores. On average, those who had experienced disrespect from colleagues in the last year had higher perceived stress scores compared to those who had not experienced disrespect (β = 1.77, 95% CI: 0.50, 3.04); and those who had experienced disrespect from patients in the last year had higher cortisol levels than those who had not (β = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.93). Those who work for more than 5 days also had higher cortisol levels, on average, compared to those who worked fewer days a week.

Conclusion

We found high levels of stress and burnout among maternity providers in Northern Ghana, underscoring the need for interventions to manage the effects of stress and burnout on maternity providers’ wellbeing, quality of care, and patient outcomes. Healthcare management teams should assist providers in reducing their overcommitment by hiring more staff, given its strong link to stress and burnout. Additionally, facilitating a respectful workplace culture could also help reduce stress and burnout among maternity providers.
Using machine learning to study the effect of medication adherence in Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Warren David , Marashi Amir , Siddiqui Arwa , Eijaz Asim Adnan , Pradhan Pooja , Lim David , Call Gary , Dras Mark
Published: December 2022

Background

Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) and opioid overdose (OD) impose huge social and economic burdens on society and health care systems. Research suggests that Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) is effective in the treatment of OUD. We use machine learning to investigate the association between patient’s adherence to prescribed MOUD along with other risk factors in patients diagnosed with OUD and potential OD following the treatment.

Methods

We used longitudinal Medicaid claims for two selected US states to subset a total of 26,685 patients with OUD diagnosis and appropriate Medicaid coverage between 2015 and 2018. We considered patient age, sex, region level socio-economic data, past comorbidities, MOUD prescription type and other selected prescribed medications along with the Proportion of Days Covered (PDC) as a proxy for adherence to MOUD as predictive variables for our model, and overdose events as the dependent variable. We applied four different machine learning classifiers and compared their performance, focusing on the importance and effect of PDC as a variable. We also calculated results based on risk stratification, where our models separate high risk individuals from low risk, to assess usefulness in clinical decision-making.

Results

Among the selected classifiers, the XGBoost classifier has the highest AUC (0.77) closely followed by the Logistic Regression (LR). The LR has the best stratification result: patients in the top 10% of risk scores account for 35.37% of overdose events over the next 12 month observation period. PDC score calculated over the treatment window is one of the most important features, with better PDC lowering risk of OD, as expected. In terms of risk stratification results, of the 35.37% of overdose events that the predictive model could detect within the top 10% of risk scores, 72.3% of these cases were non-adherent in terms of their medication (PDC <0.8). Targeting the top 10% outcome of the predictive model could decrease the total number of OD events by 10.4%.

Conclusions

The best performing models allow identification of, and focus on, those at high risk of opioid overdose. With MOUD being included for the first time as a factor of interest, and being identified as a significant factor, outreach activities related to MOUD can be targeted at those at highest risk.
Computed Tomography slice interpolation in the longitudinal direction based on deep learning techniques: To reduce slice thickness or slice increment without dose increase
Authors: Wu Shuqiong , Nakao Megumi , Imanishi Keiho , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Mizowaki Takashi , Matsuda Tetsuya
Published: December 2022

Large slice thickness or slice increment causes information insufficiency of Computed Tomography (CT) data in the longitudinal direction, which degrades the quality of CT-based diagnosis. Traditional approaches such as high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and linear interpolation can solve this problem. However, HRCT suffers from dose increase, and linear interpolation causes artifacts. In this study, we propose a deep-learning-based approach to reconstruct densely sliced CT from sparsely sliced CT data without any dose increase. The proposed method reconstructs CT images from neighboring slices using a U-net architecture. To prevent multiple reconstructed slices from influencing one another, we propose a parallel architecture in which multiple U-net architectures work independently. Moreover, for a specific organ (i.e., the liver), we propose a range-clip technique to improve reconstruction quality, which enhances the learning of CT values within this organ by enlarging the range of the training data. CT data from 130 patients were collected, with 80% used for training and the remaining 20% used for testing. Experiments showed that our parallel U-net architecture reduced the mean absolute error of CT values in the reconstructed slices by 22.05%, and also reduced the incidence of artifacts around the boundaries of target organs, compared with linear interpolation. Further improvements of 15.12%, 11.04%, 10.94%, and 10.63% were achieved for the liver, left kidney, right kidney, and stomach, respectively, using the proposed range-clip algorithm. Also, we compared the proposed architecture with original U-net method, and the experimental results demonstrated the superiority of our approach.
Impact role stress on turnover intentions of Pakistan’s healthcare workers: Mediating and moderating role of organizational cynicism and self-efficacy
Authors: Nazir Tahira , Umer Muhammad , Najam Muhammad , Nawab Samina , Maqsoom Ahsen , Shafi Khuram , Munir Yasin , Nawaz Iram
Published: December 2022

Nurses make up most of the global healthcare system, thus justifying their significance in the respective industry. The healthcare profession is amongst the very few careers that are attributed to a very high level of stress and imbalanced work-life equilibrium. Over past decades, the said nature of work has been observed to coerce countless nurses to leave their respective organizations. Considering this, the current study primarily evaluates the impact of role stressors on the turnover intentions of nurses employed in the healthcare industry of Pakistan. Secondly, the study examines the mediatory role of organizational cynicism between the role stressors and turnover intentions to explain the escalating trend of nurses intending to leave the industry. Lastly, it assesses the moderating role of self-efficacy between the organizational cynicism and the intended turnover of a nurse, to gauge the amount of variation self-efficacy can cause to mitigate the negative attitudes of employed individuals. The current study was conducted in the twin metropolitans of Pakistan i.e., Rawalpindi and Islamabad. A total of 394 responses were statistically evaluated using SmartPLS 3.0. The results of the current study indicated a significant impact of role stressors on the turnover intentions of nurses. Also, organizational cynicism was observed as a significant mediator between role stressors and turnover intentions. Further, self-efficacy as well was observed as a significant moderator between organizational cynicism and the intent of healthcare workers to leave the organization. The present study addressed the conceptual research gap by exploring the direct cumulative effect of role stress (role ambiguity, role conflict, role stressors, work-family conflict) in developing the intents of professionals to quit their employing organizations, the mediatory role of organizational cynicism, and the moderation effect of self-efficacy between the undertaken variables. While in terms of abridging the contextual research gap, the current study evaluated the proposed research model within the healthcare sector of Pakistan. The findings of the current study commended the management personnel of the healthcare industry to provide the nurses with healthy professional environments to work in, as well as catering to their professional and personal expectations to a better extent. Hence, increasing the ownership of an individual depicted towards his/her employing organization.
Decentralized governance may lead to higher infection levels and sub-optimal releases of quarantines amid the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lampert Adam
Published: December 2022

The outbreak of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) has led countries worldwide to administer quarantine policies. However, each country or state independently decides what mobility restrictions to administer within its borders while aiming to maximize its own citizens’ welfare. Since individuals travel between countries and states, the policy in one country affects the infection levels in other countries. Therefore, a major question is whether the policies dictated by multiple governments could be efficient. Here we focus on the decision regarding the timing of releasing quarantines, which were common during the first year of the pandemic. We consider a game-theoretical epidemiological model in which each government decides when to switch from a restrictive to a non-restrictive quarantine and vice versa. We show that, if travel between countries is frequent, then the policy dictated by multiple governments is sub-optimal. But if international travel is restricted, then the policy may become optimal.
Defining healthcare never events to effect system change: A protocol for systematic review
Authors: Zaslow Joanna , Fortier Jacqueline , Bowman Cara , de Gorter Ria , Tsai Ellen , Desai Dennis , O’Neill Peter , Mimeault Richard , Garber Gary
Published: December 2022

Introduction

A never event is the most egregious of patient safety incidents. It refers to events that should theoretically never happen, such amputating the wrong limb. The term “never event” is used around the world by a variety of medical and patient safety organizations and is synonymous with sentinel events and serious reportable events. Unfortunately, there is little consensus about which events, in particular, are never events. These differing lists hinder potential collaboration or large-scale analyses. A recent systematic review by Hegarty et al. (2020) identified the need for a standardized definition for serious reportable events. The objective of our systematic review is to build on this by identifying which events are consistently or frequently identified as never events in order to isolate those which are core never events.

Materials and methods

A systematic review will be conducted using Medline, Medline in Process, Scopus, PsychINFO, Embase via OVID, and CINAHL via EBSCO databases, as well as grey literature. We will include articles of any study design that discuss never events or one of its synonymous terms in the context of medical care. Four independent reviewers will conduct the title and abstract as well as the full-text screening, and 2 reviewers will abstract data. Data will be analyzed using narrative synthesis. Results will be categorized by year and geographic location, and by other factors determined during full-text screening.

Discussion and conclusion

The lack of consensus regarding never events hinders progress in reducing their occurrence. Differing data sources makes comparison challenging, and limits the ability for patient safety groups to work collaboratively and share learnings with others. Identifying a core set of never events will serve as a first step to focus our efforts to reduce these harmful incidents.
Bibliometric analysis of the global research trends and hotspots in chordoma from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Chang Cuicui , Tang Kai , Gao Yifan , Dai Jingyao , Dai Chen
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Chordoma is formed from embryonic residues or ectopic chordae and locally aggressive or malignant tumors. We visually analyzed the research tendency and hotspot of chordoma.

Methods

The bibliometric analysis was conducted from the Web of Science Core Collection database over the past two decades. The term and strategies were as follows: “TS = (chordoma) OR TS = (chordoblastoma) OR TS = (chordocarcinoma) OR TS = (chordoepithelioma) OR TS = (chordosarcoma) OR TS = (notochordoma). AND Language: English. AND Reference Type: Article OR Review”. A total of 2,118 references were retrieved and used to make a visual analysis by VOSviewer 1.6.15.

Results

The chordoma was on a steady rise and chordoma but remained the focus of scholars and organizations over the last two decades. The Chinese institutions and scholars lacked cooperation with their counterparts in other countries. The citations of documents and co-citation analysis of cited references suggested that M.L. McMaster, B.P. Walcott, P. Bergh, and S. Stacchiotti were leading researchers in this field of chordoma and their papers had been widely accepted and inspired recent researches. Keywords associated with recent chemotherapy, PD-1-related immunotherapy, and SMARCB1/integrase interactor 1 (INI1) in chordoma were a shortage of research and there may be more research ideas in the future by scholars. The research of chordoma will continue to be the hotspot.

Conclusions

Thus, explaining the molecular mechanism and potential role of transcriptional inhibition and immunologic responses to SMARCB1/INI1-negative poorly differentiated chordoma will be available for preclinical experiments and clinical trials and lead to new therapeutic opportunities for chordoma patients.
The relationship between religiosity and meaningful work among Malaysian Muslim employees: The mediating role of existential labor
Authors: Seo Ja-Kyung , Mahudin Muzaffar Bin , Sohn Young Woo
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to explore how religiosity affects the level of meaningful work among Malaysian Muslims, owing to Malaysia’s highly religious background. Although religiosity constitutes a major part of an individual’s value system, the influence of religiosity on the meaningfulness of work remains unclear. To address this gap, this study examined the indirect effects of the two types of religiosity—intrinsic religiosity (IR) and extrinsic religiosity (ER)—on meaningful work through existential labor, namely, surface acting and deep acting. Self-reported survey responses from 303 Malaysian Muslim employees were analyzed using structural equation modeling and bootstrapping analysis. The results showed that both surface acting and deep acting had significant mediation effects on the relationship between IR and meaningful work. By contrast, in the relationship between ER and meaningful work, surface acting’s mediation effect was not significant, whereas deep acting showed a positive mediation effect. Our findings suggest that even if employees share the same religion, meaningful work is shaped differently by the specific type of religiosity and those existential labor strategies that individuals develop. This study advances the understanding of the underlying psychological mechanisms of the impact of individual religious values in the workplace. Implications and limitations were discussed.
Wayfaring within the assemblage: A methodology for transdisciplinary characterization
Authors: Dobbins Thomas
Published: December 2022

The manner in which we, as humans, define landscape informs the way in which we manage it. This is the fundamental assumption of this article, where I argue that in order to create a truly transdisciplinary practice, we must first create an alternative framework in which to characterize place. The reasons for doing so are founded in response to formalized systems of characterization, which perpetuate single voice assessments through their need to objectify the subjective. Vernacular is flattened into a series of photographs, cultural references confined to lists and tables. The tactile and inhabited place is lost, and design decisions made in response to such characterizations perpetuate static images of place. There is simply no transdisciplinary practice without a transdisciplinary approach to characterization. Therefore, I hope to suggest a new model of defining a place based on the pillars of multiplicity and diversity, one that confronts the problematic frameworks found today, and whose interpretative approach reads character at the point at which it interacts with culture. The model will focus on two concepts: the assemblage and wayfaring. The assemblage establishes a new pluralistic framework through which place can maintain its multiplicity, and through which we can build an equitable relationship between multiple diverse characterizations. Wayfaring consequently relates to how we interpret the assemblage, or how we approach the ambiguous task of finding character in spaces between multiple realities. My explanations of the methodology remain a starting point for further investigation, and in highlighting the research I have compiled to date, and identifying its basic principles, I wish to leave room for the reader find their own story. As such, I will explore the model through an applied study sited at the Alhambra, Granada.
Compromiso y vindicación feminista en la poesía de Gloria Fuertes
Authors: Álvarez Ramos Eva
Published: December 2022

El reducido espacio que se concede a la mujer, su predisposición a ciertas tareas, la negación de otras o el impedimento a levantar la voz propia son algunos de los temas principales en la poesía delatora de Gloria Fuertes. Sus obras tempranas, claves en la vindicación de la figura femenina y su papel en la sociedad, abren un espacio para el diálogo con la pretensión de desencorsetar los géneros en general y en particular el femenino, en una época en la que pocas osaban transgredir las restrictivas imposiciones del régimen y acataban los papeles que les tocaba desempeñar en el ámbito social y familiar. Procuraremos poner de manifiesto cómo se lleva a cabo esta defensa para lo que tomaremos, principalmente, los poemarios tempranos Isla ignorada (1950), Aconsejo beber hilo (1954), …que estás en la tierra (1962) y Ni tiro ni veneno ni navaja (1966).
Ayala Aracil, María de los Ángeles. Estudios literarios. Alicante: Real Sociedad Menéndez Pelayo, Publicacions Universitat d’ Alacant, 2021, 524 páginas, ISBN 978-84-1302-147-8
Authors: Estepa Estepa Celia
Published: December 2022

Reseña: Ayala Aracil, María de los Ángeles. Estudios literarios. Alicante: Real Sociedad Menéndez Pelayo, Publicacions Universitat d'Alacant, 2021, 524 páginas, ISBN 978-84-1302-147-8.
Concha Fernández Soto (ed.), Quebradas. Dramaturgas en tiempos de pandemia. Almería, Universidad de Almería, 2022, 312 pp. ISBN 978-84-13511290
Authors: Lozano Fernández Judith
Published: December 2022

Reseña: Concha Fernández Soto (ed.), Quebradas. Dramaturgas en tiempos de pandemia. Almería, Universidad de Almería, 2022, 312 pp. ISBN 978-84-1351-129-0.
Invited discussant comments during the UCL–Penn Global COVID Study webinar ‘Doctoral Students’ Educational Stress and Mental Health’
Authors: Béteille Tara
Published: December 2022

This discussant commentary considers the findings presented in the UCL-Penn Global COVID Study webinar 4 ‘Doctoral Students’ Educational Stress and Mental Health’ and the research article published from the series of webinar in this journal, ‘The effects of cumulative stressful educational events on the mental health of doctoral students during the Covid-19 pandemic’. The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted the education of hundreds of thousands of graduate students worldwide by curtailing their access to laboratories, libraries, and face-to-face interactions with peers and supervisors. This has resulted in considerable stress, given that expectations on research productivity during the period have remained unchanged. This note suggests three principles to help graduate students cope with the impact of Covid-19 on their educational journey: (1) support student resilience; (2) support student learning; and (3) support students technologically.
El amor es extraño
Authors: Pereira Domínguez Carmen , Torío López Susana
Published: December 2022

George es profesor de música en un centro educativo y Benjamin es pintor y galerista. Ambos son personas mayores residentes en Nueva York. Tras 39 años de feliz convivencia, deciden legalizar su situación civil y contraer matrimonio. A la ceremonia asiste un grupo de familiares y amistades. Después del inolvidable evento, surgen problemas que repercutirán en la vida de George y Benjamin. Sin explicación alguna, George es despedido del colegio donde trabaja desde hace doce años. Como consecuencia, la pareja abandona su piso en Manhattan y solicita ayuda de parientes y amigos mientras encuentran una vivienda asequible.

Cuestiones económicas inesperadas hacen que ambos vivan alejados un tiempo. Benjamin se traslada al piso de su sobrino en Brooklyn, con su esposa e hijo. Y George se aloja en casa de dos amigos policías. La separación y la convivencia en hogares ajenos provoca que Benjamin y George sientan nostalgia y soledad. Por ello, se presenta un futuro incierto lleno de dificultades y emociones.
Un dueto para la paz: la educación en Derechos Humanos y el arte
Authors: Franco Bautista Karen Maricel
Published: December 2022

El presente artículo recoge las propuestas pedagógicas e investigativas que, desde el año 2000 y hasta 2021, se han generado en diferentes espacios de formación a nivel nacional e internacional a partir de la relación entre la Educación en Derechos Humanos y el arte para fomentar las culturas de paz. De acuerdo a lo encontrado, es necesario entender qué enmarca esta última, a qué se hace referencia cuando se habla de culturas de paz, qué es la educación artística y cómo se conjugan en apuestas pedagógicas que fomentan la convivencia, la participación ciudadana y la democracia, entre otros. En este sentido, se agrupan las propuestas pedagógicas en tres expresiones artísticas: artes escénicas, artes visuales y artes audiovisuales. Es evidente que la producción artística se constituye en un elemento central para la comprensión de saberes, el trabajo colaborativo, la resolución de conflictos y el fortalecimiento de la EDH como base para el fomento y la consolidación de la paz.
La experiencia artística como articuladora de políticas de memoria y verdad: un análisis desde la incidencia de actores y narrativas sociales en Colombia
Authors: Wilches Tinjacá Jaime Andrés , Cuello Saumeth María Camila , Díaz Gamba Wilson
Published: December 2022

Objetivo. Identificar actores y narrativas que han impulsado a la experiencia artística en su posicionamiento como eje articulador de políticas de memoria y verdad en Colombia. Método. Investigación de tipo exploratorio; aplicando la técnica de análisis documental se rastreó actores y narrativas que involucraran a la experiencia artística como promotora de prácticas de memoria y verdad. Resultados. En el proceso de sistematización del corpus se evidencia que la academia, el Estado y las organizaciones culturales de la sociedad civil han sido los actores más relevantes y sus narrativas han estado orientadas a resaltar el potencial pedagógico, restaurador y catártico de las manifestaciones artísticas. Discusión. Si bien el arte es una expresión autónoma que goza de libertad de acción, necesita también de diálogos interdisciplinares, proyectos de inversión pública y reconocimiento de otros actores de la sociedad (medios de comunicación, empresarios, iglesia). Lo anterior, para fortalecer sus aportes en los retos y dilemas de políticas de memoria y verdad en el contexto del posacuerdo.
Dos décadas del IPAZUD y 15 años de Ciudad Paz-ando: si la paz es posible, hoy vuelve a ser semilla
Authors: Díaz Mesa Jefferson Arley
Published: December 2022

El IPAZUD y Ciudad Paz-ando continuarán depositando la esperanza en el diálogo académico argumentado sobre la paz en Colombia, y en este nuevo periodo que inició en agosto de 2022 estarán al tanto de la discusión de la agenda pública celebrando los aciertos y haciendo hincapié en los desvíos siempre inevitables en la empresa de construir un país en paz. Abordamos, pues, el vuelo de la esperanza siempre críticos y vigilantes: si bien la paz es posible, hoy vuelve a ser semilla.
Disposiciones subjetivas a la precariedad en la academia en Chile: entusiasmo, mérito y asociatividad
Authors: Fardella Cisternas Carla , Trujillo Osorio Nicolas Alejandro , Koch Serey Axel
Published: December 2022

Las reformas chilenas en educación superior de las últimas cuatro décadas han impactado en la organización administrativa y financiera de las universidades, con evidentes repercusiones para la fuerza laboral académica. Las investigaciones en el área documentan que las condiciones de trabajo se han precarizado y la presión por la competencia y productividad se ha intensificado. Este artículo tiene como propósito comprender la precariedad como eje ordenador de la experiencia laboral académica y su relación con la subjetividad laboral. A partir del análisis discursivo a 60 entrevistas realizadas a académicos y académicas con diferentes condiciones laborales, se describen las diferentes disposiciones del personal académico en torno a la incertidumbre e inestabilidad del trabajo en la educación superior. Los principales hallazgos de este trabajo señalan que la precariedad entreteje incómodas complicidades con aspectos centrales de la cultura académica, tales como la vocación, la meritocracia y la excelencia. Además, el análisis da cuenta de disposiciones subjetivas y prácticas colectivas informales para manejar la incertidumbre y generar estabilidad en los equipos de trabajo. Mediante este trabajo esperamos contribuir a la comprensión de la transformación de la universidad y las políticas de educación superior, así como los efectos en la subjetividad laboral de académicos y académicas.
Ley SEP, ley PIE y ‘educación emocional’: prácticas de subjetivación y derivas de la gubernamentalidad en el sistema escolar chileno
Authors: Bornhauser Niklas , Garay José
Published: December 2022

Este ensayo tiene por objetivo presentar una reflexión en clave foucaultiana sobre cómo produce y gestiona subjetividades el sistema escolar chileno. Se entiende a la escuela como una institución situada en un contexto altamente neoliberal y al discurso psi como herramienta predilecta de conducción de este tipo de gobiernos y artífice de gran parte de las tecnologías del yo presentes hoy en las escuelas chilenas. Inicialmente se presenta una reflexión sobre la relación entre neoliberalismo, gubernamentalidad y educación. Luego se plasma una discusión de dos de las tecnologías del yo a nuestro juicio más interesantes de analizar en las escuelas chilenas: en primer lugar, la silenciosa inclusión de la llamada “educación emocional” en el paradigma educativo actual; segundo, el conflicto de intereses que generan la ley de Subvención Escolar Preferencial (SEP) y la ley que da origen a los Programas de Integración Escolar (PIE), que derivan en una creciente psicologización y medicalización del malestar y la diferencia en el aula.
Rezago educativo en la educación básica de México 1990-2020. Un análisis comparativo en la temporalidad de tres declaraciones mundiales de la UNESCO
Authors: Navarrete-Cazales Zaira , Ocaña-Pérez Lorena
Published: December 2022

Este artículo tiene por objetivo analizar el estado del rezago educativo en la educación básica de México, en el marco de tres declaraciones mundiales de la UNESCO -Jomtien 1990, Dakar 2000 e Incheon 2015-. La pregunta de investigación que guía a este estudio es: ¿En qué medida ha sido posible abatir el rezago educativo de la educación básica de México en el marco de tres declaraciones mundiales de la UNESCO? Se utilizó la metodología comparada y se analizaron ocho referentes o unidades de comparación: 1. cobertura, 2. rezago educativo, 3. abandono escolar, 4. reprobación, 5. eficiencia terminal, 6. tasa de terminación, 7. índice de analfabetismo y 8. esperanza de escolaridad. Se encontró que el rezago educativo no ha sido abatido del todo, considerando que en el año 1990 el rezago educativo era del 62.8%, para el 2000 solo descendió al 51.8% y de acuerdo con las cifras más recientes de que disponemos, para el 2017 el rezago alcanzó un 30.8%. Se observa la necesidad de replantear la forma de abordar la educación básica en México, abordar nuevas metodologías, materiales y formas de interacción para eliminar el rezago educativo.
The role of erythrocytes and erythroid progenitor cells in tumors
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wan Guang-zhi , Wang Yu-ying , Chen Wen , Guan Jing-Zhi
Published: December 2022

In the current research context of precision treatment of malignant tumors, the advantages of immunotherapy are unmatched by conventional antitumor therapy, which can prolong progression-free survival and overall survival. The search for new targets and novel combination therapies can improve the efficacy of immunotherapy and reduce adverse effects. Since current research targets for immunotherapy mainly focus on lymphocytes, little research has been done on erythrocytes. Nucleated erythroid precursor stem cells have been discovered to play an essential role in tumor progression. Researchers are exploring new targets and therapeutic approaches for immunotherapy from the perspective of erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs). Recent studies have shown that different subtypes of EPCs have specific surface markers and distinct biological roles in tumor immunity. CD45+ EPCs are potent myeloid-derived suppressor cell-like immunosuppressants that reduce the patient’s antitumor immune response. CD45− EPCs promote tumor invasion and metastasis by secreting artemin. A specific type of EPC also promotes angiogenesis and provides radiation protection. Therefore, EPCs may be involved in tumor growth, infiltration, and metastasis. It may also be an important cause of anti-angiogenesis and immunotherapy resistance. This review summarizes recent research advances in erythropoiesis, EPC features, and their impacts and processes on tumors.
Thermal and multi-boiling analysis of a rectangular porous fin: A spectral approach
Authors: Kasali Kazeem Babawale , Akindeinde Saheed Ojo , Tijani Yusuf Olatunji , Adewumi Adebayo Olusegun , Lebelo Ramoshweu Solomon
Published: December 2022

Fins are commonly utilized to enhance (dissipate) heat in various engineering systems that include heat exchangers. In the present investigation, the impact of multi-boiling and thermo-geometric factors on a convective–radiative rectangular porous fin subjected to the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of linear and non-linear variations is discussed extensively. The governing equations describing the problem were formulated with the aid of Darcy law. Similarity variables were employed to reduce the models to non-dimensional form. The solution of the governing dimensionless equation is approximated using the RK4 and spectral local linearization methods. Before parametric analysis, the agreement between the two numerical methods was established. Findings reveal that the non-linear variation of thermal conductivity shows better thermal efficiency than the linear variation. An improvement in the multi-boiling heat transfer parameter retards the temperature distribution of the fin. Furthermore, increasing the thermo-geometric parameter will result in a progressive decrease in the temperature of the fin. The results obtained in this work will aid in the design of heat exchangers and other heat transfer equipments.
Convection heat–mass transfer of generalized Maxwell fluid with radiation effect, exponential heating, and chemical reaction using fractional Caputo–Fabrizio derivatives
Authors: Sehra  , Sadia Haleema , Gul Nadia , Zeb Anwar , Khan Zareen A.
Published: December 2022

This article is directed to analyze the transfer of mass and heat in a generalized Maxwell fluid flow unsteadily on a vertical flat plate oscillating in its respective plane and heated exponentially. It explains the transfer of mass and heat using a non-integer order derivative usually called a fractional derivative. It is a generalization of the classical derivatives of the famous Maxwell’s equation to fractional non-integer order derivatives used for one-dimensional flow of fluids. The definition given by Caputo–Fabrizio for the fractional derivative is used for solving the problem mathematically. The Laplace transform method is used for finding the exact analytical solution to a problem by applying it to a set of non-integer order differential equations that are dimensionless in nature. These equations contain concentration, temperature, and velocity equations with specific initial and boundary conditions. Solutions of the three equations are graphically represented to visualize the effects of various parameters, such as the radiation parameter (Nr), the thermal Grashof number, the fractional parameter (α), the mass Grashof number, Prandtl effective number, Schmidt number, Prandtl number, the chemical reaction

(

η

2

)

({\eta }_{2})

, mass, and the temperature during fluid flow.
In situ bow reduction during sublimation growth of cubic silicon carbide
Authors: Kollmuß Manuel , Mauceri Marco , Roder Melissa , La Via Francesco , Wellmann Peter J.
Published: December 2022

Sublimation growth of cubic silicon carbide (3C–SiC) with diameters of 50 and 100 mm was performed on freestanding homoepitaxial grown seeds. For both seeds and sublimation grown crystals, two different relaxation axes with varying curvature could be observed with the higher bent axis aligned perpendicular to the original wafer flat. A general reduction in the wafer bow independent of the starting curvature and size of the seeds could be observed. Using the X-ray imaging, we could observe in situ that the bow reduction is linked to the growth of new material and cannot be initiated by heat up or cool down processes alone. Raman spectroscopy of the grown crystals revealed that the observed flattening goes along with a tensing of the seeding layers while the surface of the crystals remains free of a stress gradient. A slight concave bending of lattice planes along the main relaxation axis could be observed by high-resolution XRD rocking curve measurements while for the lower bent axis, no lattice plane bending occurred. Full width half maximum values of the (002) reflection showed values as low as 67 arcseconds proofing the possibility to grow large-area, high-quality 3C–SiC using sublimation growth.
Erfasste Betriebsdaten und ihre Qualität
Authors: Denkena Berend , Wichmann Marcel , Arnold Daniel
Published: December 2022

Produktionsdaten sind für Unternehmen Gold wert. Insbesondere für die Produktionsplanung und -steuerung sind die Daten wertvoll und besitzen einen großen Einfluss auf die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Unternehmens. Eine vorherige Analyse von erfassten Betriebsdaten aus einem Unternehmen legte Optimierungspotenziale in der Erfassungsmethodik nahe (vgl. [6]). Zur Validierung dieser Potenziale wurden nun weitere Betriebsdaten auf ihre Qualität und Nutzbarkeit hin geprüft. Dieser Beitrag zeigt die Ergebnisse einer Qualitätsanalyse von erfassten Betriebsdaten aus mehreren Unternehmen mit knapp neun Millionen Meldungen.
Sensorgestützte Analyse der Maschinenbedienung in der Kleinserienfertigung
Authors: Steenwerth Philipp , Lödding Hermann
Published: December 2022

Dieser Beitrag beschreibt ein Vorgehen, mit dem gleichzeitig sowohl die Mitarbeiter- als auch die Maschinenproduktivität an Maschinenarbeitsplätzen mithilfe von Low-Cost-Technologien und bestehenden Datenquellen analysiert werden kann. Das Konzept basiert darauf, Informationen aus verschiedenen Datenquellen zusammenzuführen und aus diesen sowohl für die Maschine als auch für den Werker Zustandsinformationen abzuleiten. Dazu wurde eine Web-Anwendung entwickelt, die es ermöglicht, die Analyse für jeden Anwendungsfall einfach und ohne tiefgreifende Vorkenntnisse individuell zu konfigurieren. Grundlage sind die Erfassung definierter Ereignisse durch geeignete Sensoren, bestehende Informationsquellen (z. B. MDE) und eine Web-App. Innerhalb der Anwendung werden die Analysedaten automatisiert verarbeitet und visualisiert. Hervorgehoben werden die Wartezeiten je Maschine und Werker. Darüber hinaus wird die Zusammensetzung der Wartezeiten ausgewertet. Der modulare Aufbau sowie die Verwendung von Low-Cost-Technologien ermöglichen eine effiziente und kostengünstige Analyse von Maschinenarbeitsplätzen.
A Clustering Approach for Mapping Dengue Contingency Plan
Authors: Husna Farida Amila , Purwitasari Diana , Sidharta Bayu Adjie , Sihombing Drigo Alexander , Fahmi Amiq , Purnomo Mauridhi Hery
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The dengue epidemic has an increasing number of sufferers and spreading areas along with increased mobility and population density. Therefore, it is necessary to control and prevent Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) by mapping a DHF contingency plan. However, mapping a dengue contingency plan is not easy because clinical and managerial issues, vector control, preventive measures, and surveillance must be considered. This work introduces a cluster-based dengue contingency planning method by grouping patient cases according to their environment and demographics, then mapping out a plan and selecting the appropriate plan for each area.Methods: We used clustering with silhouette scoring to select features, the best cluster formation, the best clustering method, and cluster severity. Cluster severity is carried out by levelling the attributes of the average value to low, medium, high, and extreme, which are related to the plans each region sets for village type and season type.Result: In five years of data (2016-2020) ±15K cases from Semarang City, Indonesia, feature selection results show that environmental and demography group features have the biggest silhouette score. With these features, it is found that K-Means has a high silhouette score compared to DBSCAN and agglomerative with three optimum numbers of clusters. K-Means also successfully mapped the cluster severity and assigned the cluster to a suitable contingency policy.Novelty: Most of the research on DHF cases is about predicting DHF cases and measuring the risk of DHF occurrence. There are not many studies that discuss the policy recommendations for dengue control.
Customer Segmentation Using the Integration of the Recency Frequency Monetary Model and the K-Means Cluster Algorithm
Authors: Alamsyah Alamsyah , Prasetyo P. Eko , Sunyoto Sunyoto , Bintari Siti Harnina , Saputro Danang Dwi , Rohman Shohihatur , Pratama Rizka Nur
Published: December 2022

Purpose: This research aims to do customer segmentation in retail companies by implementing the Recency Frequency Monetary (RFM) K-Means cluster model and algorithm optimized by the Elbow method.Methods: This study uses several methods. The RFM model method was chosen to segment customers because it is one of the optimal methods for segmenting customers. The K-Means cluster algorithm method was chosen because it is easy to interpret, implement, fast in convergence, and adapt, but lacks sensitivity to the initial partitioning of the number of clusters. To help classify each category of customers and know the level of loyalty, they use a combination of the RFM model and the K-Means method. The Elbow method is used to improve the performance of the K-Means algorithm by correcting the weakness of the K-Means algorithm, which helps to choose the optimal k value to be used when clustering.Result: This research produces customer segmentation 3 clusters with a Sum of Square Error (SSE) value of 25,829.39 and a Callinski-Harabaz Index (CHI) value of 36,625.89. The SSE and CHI values are the largest ones, so they are the optimal cluster values.Novelty: The application of the integrated RFM model and the K-Means cluster algorithm optimized by the Elbow method can be used as a method for customer segmentation.
Fotodegradación del contaminate azul de metileno por películas delgadas de TiO2 sensibilizadas con pigmentos aislados de biomasa cianobacteriana
Authors: Arcón Osorio Amado Enrique , Vallejo Lozada William Andrés , Diaz Uribe Carlos Enrique
Published: December 2022

Las industrias textiles generan en sus procesos una diversidad de contaminantes, entre los que se encuentran los colorantes, la mayoría recalcitrantes no biodegradables y de difícil tratamiento por los métodos convencionales, por lo que se hace necesario implementar tecnologías alternativas de tratamiento para su degradación. La fotocatálisis heterogénea permite usar semiconductores como el dióxido de titanio (TiO2) para la oxidación de una gran cantidad de contaminantes de difícil tratamiento por los métodos convencionales. Una limitante importante para la utilización de semiconductores de TiO2 es el requisito de la luz UV, sin embargo, esta dificultad puede ser superada al sensibilizar el semiconductor con sustancias de origen sintético o natural para extender su actividad en la región visible. En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto de pigmentos separados (Clorofila a y ficocianina C) obtenidos de biomasa de cianobacterias aisladas de la Ciénaga de Malambo del municipio de Malambo del Departamento del Atlántico-Colombia sobre las propiedades fotocatalíticas del dióxido de titanio. Se sensibilizaron películas de TiO2 con cada uno de los extractos separados y la energía del band gap fue determinada por espectroscopia de reflectancia difusa. Finalmente se realizó el montaje de los ensayos a escala laboratorio para  evaluar la degradación fotocatalítica del colorante azul de metileno. La clorofila a y la ficocianina C fueron identificados como sensibilizadores presentes en el extracto metanólico de la biomasa cianobacteriana. Adicionalmente, las películas de TiO2/Clorofila a presentaron un mayor porcentaje de fotodegradación en comparación de las películas de TiO2/Ficocianina C.  Finalmente, los resultados obtenidos permitieron verificar que los colorantes naturales obtenidos del extracto de la biomasa, pueden ser utilizados para mejorar la respuesta foto catalítica del TiO2 bajo irradiación visible.
Künstliche Intelligenz und Marktmanipulation
Authors: Ringe Wolf-Georg , Azzutti Alessio , Stiehl Siegfried
Published: December 2022

Am modernen Kapitalmarkt werden zunehmend durch Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) und maschinelles Lernen (ML) gesteuerte Algorithmen eingesetzt. Neben enormen Effizienzgewinnen ergeben sich bei den fortschrittlichsten, selbstlernenden Algorithmen jedoch erhebliche Risiken für die Marktintegrität. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt auf, wie KI-Akteure selbständig Methoden des Marktmissbrauchs lernen können und konzentriert sich dabei auf Formen der Marktmanipulation und auf stillschweigende Absprachen. Der Beitrag hinterfragt zudem die Angemessenheit bestehender regulatorischer Rahmenbedingungen und Durchsetzungsmechanismen sowie aktueller Rechtsvorschriften zur Governance des algorithmischen Handels, um zunehmend autonomen und allgegenwärtigen algorithmischen Handelssystemen zu begegnen.