bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Means of expressing subtext in humorous programs on Russian television
Authors: Litovskaya Anna S. , Shesterina Alla M.
Published: October 2022

Subtext plays a significant role in the development of culture in general and mass communication in particular. In connection with the trend of information visualization, it has recently become relevant to identify the means of creating implicit meanings in audiovisual media. Along with this, we note the active development of subtext in the satirical sector of broadcasting. The purpose of our study is to identify verbal and non-verbal ways of expressing subtext in the entertainment sector of Russian television. On the material of the television episodes analysis “Evening Urgant”, based on the textological method and the method of content analysis, the techniques are specified that allow the presenter to broadcast to the audience implicit meanings that not only create a comic effect, but also broadcast relevant, socially significant content. The study found that among the most frequent verbal ways of expressing subtext in the analyzed TV show, polysemy of words, indirect naming, ironic word usage, appeal to precedent texts are used. Among the non-verbal ways of expressing implicit meanings, facial expressions and gestures are most often used, as well as a discrepancy between the verbal and visual range. On the whole, we prove that verbal and non-verbal means of subtext formation, as a rule, complement each other.
The epics of the peoples on the Great Silk Road
Authors: Subakozhoeva Cholpon T.
Published: October 2022

The Great Silk Road played an important role in the history of the peoples, along which the caravan roads went from west to east and from east to west, through which mutual contacts of the peoples living on its territories were carried out. Such international contacts were carried out not only in economic, trade, political, but also in spiritual and cultural terms. This can be confirmed by the fact that some monuments of oral folk art were widespread among many peoples living along the Great Silk Road. The epic monuments “Ker-ogly”, “The Book of my grandfather Korkut”, “Manas” can serve as an example of such interpenetration of cultural artifacts. The purpose of the research is to consider the actual problem of interrelationships of folklore traditions of the peoples of Central Asia and the Caucasus, the history of study and publication on the example of such epics as the Kyrgyz heroic epic “Manas” and the epic monuments “Ker-ogly”, “The Book of my grandfather Korkut”.
“Talking” clothing as a new way of communication: the manifestation of English language in Russian postmodernism reality
Authors: Efremova Alla E.
Published: October 2022

We consider the phenomenon of conducting communication process through the inscriptions on clothing. The specific feature of this phenomenon is the growing popularity of the English language in Russia, the globalization of its use for various purposes, including the way of writing texts on clothing in English for the Russian consumer. For the first time this phenomenon is studied in the perspective of the interaction of language and culture in the conditions of postmodernism as one of the new ways of communication on a global scale, a way of spreading and popularizing the English language in Russia by the method of visual language – transmitting messages, meanings, different types of verbal and non-verbal when using digital printing technologies on fabric. We make an attempt to understand this method of text transmission through the coordinated management of meaning theory by Barnett Pearce and Vernon Cronen, the theory of communication by N. Luhmann, the five-stage model of communication by H. Lasswell. Common features of the communication development both via the Internet and using this method of text transmission are revealed.
The final remark about Zamyatin: point or endless dialogue? About L.V. Polyakova’s monograph “Y.I. Zamyatin’s Prose: historiosophical searches of the artist”
Authors: Boroda Elena V.
Published: October 2022

The work is a review analysis of the final work of the famous Zamyatinologist. The purpose of the study is to present the role of this monograph in modern literary criticism. In accordance with the goal, the significance of the historiosophical approach for the study of works of Russian literature, in particular the work of Yevgeny Zamyatin, is revealed, the expediency and universality of just such an approach is substantiated. The result of the above study can be a conclusion about the significance in the history of Russian literature not only of the named monograph, but also of the personality of the researcher himself.
Identification of Elemental Content and Rock Types in West Lampung Regency
Authors: Kurnia Nadya Fitra , Rifai Hamdi , Syafriani Syafriani , Dwiridal Letmi , Mufit Fatni
Published: October 2022

Rock is a constituent of the earth's crust from a collection of minerals that harden due to natural processes. Rocks formed from volcanic eruption materials in each place have different characteristics in distribution patterns, types of minerals and the content of elements contained therein. These rocks contain elements that form magnetic minerals. However, in rocks in West Lampung Regency the elemental content in the rocks has not been identified. This study aims to determine the composition of rock-forming elements and rock types found in West Lampung Regency. The elemental content in rocks can be identified using X- Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and determine rock types using SiO2and K2O diagrams. The results of the analysis using XRF show that Si (Silica) is the most dominant element found in 4 rocks in Lampung Regency. West. In addition, the elements found in rocks in West Lampung are Al, Si, K, Ca, Fe, P, Cl, Ti, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ag, In, Eu, and Pb , from the content of these elements there are elements that form magnetic minerals, namely Fe and Ti , with rock types of Foidite and Decite.
The Legal Impacts And The Government’S Efforts To Respond To Electronic State Administrative Decisions Following The Enactment Of Law No. 11 Of 2020 On Job Creation
Authors: Panjaitan Marojahan JS
Published: October 2022

Responses to applications for state administrative decisions within a time frame of 10 working days as regulated in Article 53 of the Law No. 30 of 2014, which apparently does not provide legal certainty to applicants. This condition is attributed to the fact that electronic form of applications within the 10 working days will not automatically be granted, unless applicants apply to the State Administrative Court. On that basis, the provisions of Article 53 of the Law No. 30 of 2014 were amended by Law No. 11 of 2020 to guarantee the applicants that their electronic form of application within the time limit of five working days will be granted without going through a judicial process. Thus, this study aims to address two aspects, the legal impacts of the issuance of Electronic State Administrative Decree after the enactment of Law No. 11 of 2020, and the government’s efforts to respond to the issuance of Electronic State Administrative Decree after the enactment of Law No. 11 of 2020. The research was conducted using normative legal research, particularly library sources, and secondary data in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The study showed that the legal impacts of an electronically submitted application for a state administrative decision according to Article 53 of the Law No.11 of 2020 have the same legal force as a state administrative decision issued directly by a government official. Clearly, the government’s efforts to issue electronic form of application for the State Administrative Decisions by individuals and/or legal entities after the enactment of Law No. 11 of 2020 are carried out to build digital-based governance in all lines of government.
The Maritime Silk Road: Concerns for U.S. National Security
Authors: Madero Lindsey
Published: October 2022

This article examines how China’s twenty-first century Maritime Silk Road impacts U.S. national security. While the literature frequently discusses the Belt and Road Initiative, the Maritime Silk Road and its impact on U.S. national security is notably lacking. This article examines the specific impacts on the U.S. Department of Defense and other government departments and agencies. The main findings reveal that the Maritime Silk Road is a U.S. national security concern because it degrades operational security, alters military force projection, and bypasses ethical procurement norms. The author articulates the importance of U.S. action in response to China’s global port influence, as well as recommends ways to counter each threat China imposes on the United States through the Maritime Silk Road.
Cyberspace and Naval Power
Authors: Flynn Matthew J.
Published: October 2022

Seapower has come to cyberspace as a measure of the so-called greatest transfer of wealth in history given the efforts of China and other states to steal intellectual property online. But the first greatest transfer of wealth comprised Europe’s rise to prominence post-1500 ACE. What historians call the “rise of the West” came to fruition with a forfeiture of the ideological promise of sharing the benefits of Western civilization worldwide. Cyberspace promises to align both threads of the new naval power, economic gain, and ideological conviction, a novel change in the history of conflict at sea all made possible by the technical marvel of cyberspace.
The Army and Sea Control: Reconsidering Maritime Strategy in the Twenty-first Century
Authors: Jennings Nathan A.
Published: October 2022

This article argues that the U.S. Army, rather than the traditional maritime Services, has an emergent opportunity to increase relevancy by exercising sea control to guarantee American access to global markets in competitive spaces in the twenty-first century. In a strategic environment where adversaries are developing sophisticated defenses in-depth to negate American power projection, the institution has a unique capability to create forward positions of advantage with reimagined operational fires commands at scale—as the nucleus of Joint, interagency, and multinational teams—to protect economic prosperity and preserve coalition unity in Central Europe and Southeast Asia in particular, and across the world in general. Advocating for a shift in operational approach that subordinates tactical maneuver in support of operational fires, this article differs from previous scholarship by asserting that the Army should fully embrace sea control, rather than merely providing support to the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps, to better enable the Joint execution of American and coalition strategies in contested regions.
Weak-Form Market Efficiency and Corruption: A Cross-Country Comparative Analysis
Authors: İCAN Özgür , ÇELİK Taha Buğra
Published: October 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Consumption of biomass fuels by rural households and estimation of their organic carbon in the Khulna region of Bangladesh
Authors: Biswas Rahul , Sharmin Arifa , Islam Md. Akramul , Ashaduzzaman Md.
Published: October 2022

In this paper an attempt has been made to assess the consumption pattern of biomass fuel and estimation of organic carbon of those biomass fuels from the rural households in the Khulna region of Bangladesh. The consumption pattern of biomass fuel was assessed by Multistage Random Sampling techniques with semi-structured questionnaire. The study revealed that households consume different energy sources of which 97% households used various types of biomass fuel e.g. firewood, leaves, twigs and cow dung etc. Average monthly household biomass fuel consumption was 193 kg and average monthly expenditure is 5.86 (US$). The largest share of biomass fuel derived from firewood, which was amounted 105 kg per month. The major sources of biomass fuel were found in their home gardens and agricultural lands. These biomass fuels are mainly used for domestic cooking in the study area. Ten firewood species were identified as the most preferred for the most households in the study area. The organic carbon from the preferred biomasses was estimated by dry combustion method. Significantly higher organic carbon was found from wood biomass like A. procera and A. richardiana, while the lowest organic carbon was found in C. nucifera. In case of leaves biomass, significantly higher organic carbon was found in A. saman and B. flabellifer and lower from M. indica and Z. mauritiana. Besides wood and leaves biomass, the organic carbon from rice husk, rice straw and cow dung were also estimated, which are also used as low cost fuel in the rural households.
Sepsis in the prehospital environment: how nurses can improve patient outcome
Authors: Reeves Lara , Vicente Veronica , Andersson Emma Hei Rim , Bjerkander Matteus , Djärv Therese , Bohm Katarina , Wahlin Rebecca Rubenson-
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Sepsis is one of the most frequent causes of death globally. Treatment of sepsis is time-critical as time to adequate treatment is linked to outcome. Patients spend a significant amount of time with a prehospital emergency nurse (PEN). The study aimed to gain a deep understanding of PENs’ experiences when caring for those with suspected sepsis. Studying the time lapse may lead to improvement in care for septic patients in the future.
Materials and Method: A qualitative research design with inductive content analysis has been used. Semi-structured interviews were analyzed using Elo Kyngäs method of content analysis. Thirteen PENs in Sweden were interviewed.
Findings: The main theme that emerged was “Early identification enabled through clinical experience as well as medical guidelines increases patient safety for those with sepsis”. Three generic categories underpinned the main category: “Multifaceted symptoms involve challenges when identifying the septic patient”; “Clinical experience increases early identification and provision of high-quality care”; and “Continuous education and explicit guidelines enable good care.”
Conclusions: The emergency medical services need to be a knowledge-based organization providing opportunities for ongoing education, feedback and reflection for PENs. Establishing medical guidelines that take PENs’ experiences of into consideration should improve care for patients with suspected sepsis.
Deduction of sudden rainstorm scenarios: Integrating decision makers' emotions, dynamic Bayesian network and DS evidence theory
Authors: Xiaoliang Xie , 田 宇章 , Guo Wei
Published: October 2022

Event scenarios serve as the basis for emergency decision-making after sudden disasters, and the accuracy of scenario deduction directly determines the effectiveness of emergency management implementation. On July 20, 2021 an exceptionally heavy rainstorm disaster occurred in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China causing serious urban waterlogging, river floods, flash floods and landslides, and resulting in major casualties and property losses:14.79 million people affected, 398 people killed or missing (380 people in Zhengzhou) and a direct economic loss of 120.06 billion RMB. In order to investigate the complex evolution process of this disaster, a dynamic Bayesian network, evidence theory and emotion update mechanism are integrated to develop an efficient and effective scenario deduction model, with an emphasis on combining subjective and objective factors. In this model, more attention is given to subjective factors such as decision makers' emotions. The elements of scenario deduction are classified into the situation status, meteorological factor , emergency activities, decision makers' emotions and emergency goals, the coupling relationship between the elements are comprehensively analyzed, and the influence of these elements on the evolution mechanism of the rainstorm disaster is investigated, so as to facilitate targeted emergency management measures for the rescue operations. The empirical results show that the proposed dynamic Bayesian network can effectively simulate the dynamic change process of scenario deduction, the improved Dempster-Shafer (DS) evidence theory can reduce the subjectivity of the model in dealing with the uncertainty of the evolution process, and the emotion update mechanism can adequately quantify and decrease the influence caused by the emotional changes of decision-makers. The model may better replicate actual events, and it may apply to the scenario deduction of other disasters, making an impact on the study of sudden catastrophes.
Ignoring transmission dynamics leads to underestimation of the impact of a novel intervention against mosquito-borne disease
Authors: Cavany Sean , Huber John , Wieler Annaliese , Quan Tran Minh , Alkuzweny Manar , Elliot Margaret , España Guido , Moore Sean Moore , Perkins T.
Published: October 2022

New vector-control technologies to fight mosquito-borne diseases are urgently needed, the adoption of which depends on efficacy estimates from large-scale cluster-randomized trials (CRTs). The release of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes is one promising strategy to curb dengue virus (DENV) transmission, and a recent CRT reported impressive reductions in dengue incidence following the release of these mosquitoes. Such trials can be affected by multiple sources of bias, however. We used mathematical models of DENV transmission during a CRT of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes to explore three such biases: human movement, mosquito movement, and coupled transmission dynamics between trial arms. We show that failure to account for each of these biases would lead to underestimated efficacy, and that the majority of this underestimation is due to the bias caused by transmission coupling. We also find that the extent of bias is heightened when the spatial scale of clusters is small, or when the intervention is less efficacious. Taken together, our findings suggest that this intervention could be even more promising than the recent CRT suggested. By emphasizing the importance of accounting for transmission coupling between arms, which requires a mathematical model, our results highlight the key role that such models can play in interpreting and extrapolating the results from trials of vector control interventions.
A Biochemical Assay Provides Better Diagnosis for Active Bacterial Infections
Authors: Okeke Ifeanyichukwu , Ezeobinwa Onyinyechi
Published: October 2022

Bacterial infections are diseases caused by organisms of bacterial origin most of which are deadly affecting both humans and other animals. Detection of these microscopic organisms using currently available techniques in the face of reducing quality of testing reagents is increasingly becoming quite challenging especially in low prevalent settings and low density infections. The absence of a particular detection method devoid of shortcomings and pitfalls of significant order prompted the development of a simple biochemical in vitro diagnostic technique for bacteria detection known as AfiniBact Test. In this study we examined the efficacy of AfiniBact Test in detecting bacteria using culture method as the reference standard for detecting active infections on 263 patients with suspected systemic bacterial infection in Jos, Nigeria. Sensitivity/specificity of AfiniBact Test method was 97.41/70.97% respectively. The analysis showed that biochemical detection of bacterial infection using AfiniBact Test provides greater sensitivity and specificity useful for diagnostic, epidemiological and research purposes.
Jianghan Plain, the locale of China’s Great Flood four thousand years ago
Authors: Guo Li-Xin , Hsieh Meng-Long , Gorodetskaya Olga , Fan Zi-Hao , Chiu Shih-Ying
Published: October 2022

The Yellow River Plain (YRP), being regarded as the cradle of Chinese civilization, is traditionally thought to be the locale of the Great Flood, a hazardous flood (or floods) tamed by Yu who started China’s first “dynasty”, Xia, at ~ 2000 BC. However, by integrating published archaeological data, we propose that the Great Flood in fact impacted the Jianghan Plain (JHP) along the middle course of the Yangtze River. The arguments include: (1) around the era of the Great Flood, the most civilized and populated society in East Asia, named the Jianghan society, was located around the JHP (then the habitation on the YRP remained limited); (2) the Jianghan society lived on river resources (e.g., shipping and rice growing) and was thus subject to flood risks; (3) the people in the Jianghan society were experienced in dredging moats/ditches for shipping and irrigation; (4) unlike the floods on the YRP that were characterized by dynamic sedimentation and channel avulsion, those on the margin of the JHP typically occurred with slow-moving water predictable in space. Here, the recorded method to contain the Great Flood, dredging channels to divert flood water, was feasible. By examining published speleothem paleo-rainfall data from multiple sites, we confirm that the JHP was dominated by a wet condition with frequent rainfall events since middle Holocene, which significantly turned dry after ~ 1850 BC. Given this, the uniqueness of the Great Flood and its impact are likely to have reflected an increase in land use on the JHP associated with the expansion of the Jianghan society, and the success in taming this flood was mainly due to the efforts of the society, not by luck.
Prediction and Validation of Circulating G-quadruplex as a Novel Biomarker in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhou Jing , Ye Yingjiang
Published: October 2022

Background
G-quadruplex (G4) is a special structure in DNA and RNA. It plays an important biological role in the formation of tumors via the Hoogsteen hydrogen base-pairing to form a planar array structure. G4 mutation prediction in the genome using bioinformatics revealed that the G4 quantity in SW480 cells was lower than that of the reference gene, but it was unclear how the G4 quantity was changed in the actual sample.
Methods
We detected the G4 content in cells via fluorescence and found that the G4 content in SW480 cells was significantly higher than that in NCM480 (p < 0.001). To further confirm the relationship between tumorigenesis and G4, we knocked out the TP53 gene in SW480 cells and found that the G4 content was decreased significantly by 64% (p < 0.001), indicating that the difference in G4 content was a key factor for distinguishing between normal and tumor cells.
Results
G4 was detected in serum samples from 27 normal and 27 CRC patients. The result showed that G4 was significantly increased (p = 0.006) in CRC patients by 1.94-fold. Subsequently, we evaluated the G4 model using ROC, with AUC = 0.91, and it was found to have excellent specificity and sensitivity.
Conclusion
Increased G4 is an important characteristic in CRC patients and has clinical application value as a novel biomarker.
Mixed Reality Simulation for Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Placement Training
Authors: Rochlen Lauryn R. , Putnam Elizabeth , Levine Robert , Tait Alan R.
Published: October 2022

Background: Despite the advantages of simulation-based training, trainees are typically unable to view internal anatomical structures. This limitation can be overcome by using mixed reality (MR) wherein 3-D virtual anatomical images can be projected. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a MR trainer for peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) placement.
Methods: Sixty-two participants used projected images of arm veins to place a PIVC in a mannequin arm. Participants were evaluated using a checklist on their ability to successfully place the PIVC. Participants completed a survey to elicit demographic information and perceptions of the trainer. A follow-up survey at two-weeks assessed clinical experiences with PIVC placement since using the MR trainer.
Results: First attempt catheter placement was successful in 48 (77.4%) cases. Only 11 (17.7%) and 3 (4.8%) of participants caused ‘extravasation’ and ‘hematoma’ formation on their first attempt, respectively. Fifty-nine participants (95.2%) agreed that ability to see internal structures was useful, and 58 (93.5%, respectively) agreed that the interactivity promoted learning and that MR should be included in training.
Conclusions: Results of this study showed that use of a novel MR trainer for PIVC placement appears to provide an environment conducive to successful learning. Most participants were successful at PIVC placement on their first attempt and an overwhelming number found it helpful in identifying landmarks and confirming correct needle angles for insertion. Given the increasing emphasis on simulation training, highly immersive MR tools appear to offer promise to close the gap between classroom instruction and clinical experience.
Design of A Novel Wheel-legged Robot with Rim Shape Changeable Wheels
Authors: Fu Ze , Xu Hao , Li Yinghui , Guo Weizhong
Published: October 2022

The wheel-legged hybrid structure has been utilized by ground mobile platforms in recent years to achieve good mobility on both flat surface and rough terrain. However, most of the wheel-legged robots only have one-directional obstacle-crossing ability. And during the motion, most of the wheel-legged robots’ centroid fluctuates violently, which damages the stability of the load. What’s more, many designs of the obstacle-crossing part and transformation driving part of this structure is highly coupled, which limits its optimal performance in both aspects. This paper presents a novel wheel-legged robot with rim shape changeable wheel, which has the bi-directional and smooth obstacle-crossing ability. Based on the kinematic model, the geometric parameters of the wheel structure and the design variables of the driving four-bar mechanism are optimized separately. The kinetostatics model of the mobile platform when climbing stairs is established to determine the body length and angular velocity of the driving wheels. A prototype is made according to the optimal parameters. Experiments show that the prototype installed with the novel transformable wheels can overcome steps with the height of 1.52 times of its wheel radius with less fluctuation of its centroid and performs good locomotion capabilities in different environments.
FDX1 is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker Related to Cuproptosis and Immune Infiltration for Patients with Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Jiejia
Published: October 2022

Objective
The aim of this study was to detect the correlation between the FDX1 (Cuproptosis-related gene) expression levels and overall survival, clinical characteristics, and immune infiltration for patients with KIRC.
Results
The FDX1 expression levels were lower in KIRC tumor tissues. The high expression of FDX1 was a positive prognosis factor since it had a significantly positive correlation with the overall survival of patients with KIRC. Also, the FDX1 expression levels had a negative association with the immune infiltrate levels and enriched effects on inflammation and immune signaling pathways.
Conclusion
FDX1 was a potential Cuproptosis-related prognostic biomarker for KIRC immunotherapy.
DDX58 deficiency leads to doxorubicin chemotherapy resistance by hindering Type I IFN signalling-mediated apoptosis in TNBC
Authors: Cao Shiyu , Li Yijie , Xiao Lin , Zhang Peichuan , Chen Hong , Shen Mengjia , Zhong Xiaorong , Luo Ting , Feng Ye
Published: October 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks therapeutic targets for precision treatment, making cytotoxic chemotherapy still the primary treatment, but drug resistance often occurs. Unveiling mechanisms for TNBC chemoresistance and trying to reverse this process would undoubtedly improve the overall outcomes. Through three GEO datasets, we found that DDX58 gene was associated with pathological Complete Response (pCR) in breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant therapy. DDX58 is also known as retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), and then we verified that DDX58 with lower expression was associated with poor prognosis in TNBC. The knockdown and knockout (CRISPR/Cas9) of DDX58 could inhibit proliferation while promoting migration and invasion (P < 0.001) in TNBC cells. We further found that the DDX58-knockout (DDX58-KO) cells were resistant to doxorubicin (Dox) treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, we indicated that double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) and mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) were significantly increased by Dox treatment, and then cell apoptosis was mediated by the activated RIG-I and the upstream Type I interferon (IFN) signalling pathway in TNBC. Therefore, the deficiency of DDX58 decreased Dox-induced apoptosis in TNBC cells. Finally, within the Dox treatment, we found that the deficiency of DDX58 inhibited tumour cells apoptosis, and the tumour growth inhibition rate (IR) of the DDX58-KO group (43%) was lower than that of the WT group (68%) in a xenograft BALB/c nude mouse model. Taken together, we demonstrated that DDX58 deficiency led to Dox chemoresistance of TNBC by inhibiting cell apoptosis in vivo and vitro. These results supply new insights into that DDX58 might increase the efficacy of Dox in TNBC, thus providing a promising therapeutic strategy for chemotherapy of TNBC.
Pathogen distrbution and drug resistance in acute, delayed and chronic periprosthetic joint infection: a retrospective analysis of 202 patients
Authors: Chang Yu , Li Yongsheng , Jiang Kai , Lv Jing , Huang Jing
Published: October 2022

Introduction To assist orthopedic surgeons to select appropriate antibiotics, this study identified the common microorganisms that caused PJI and their drug-resistant spectrum.
Methods. The clinical data of 202 patients with PJI after primary knee and hip arthroplasty from January 2017 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the time of postoperative infection, the patients were divided into acute PJI group (25 cases), delayed PJI group (91 cases), and chronic PJI group (86 cases). The results of pathogen species, composition ratio, drug susceptibility tests were collected.
Results.The main pathogens of PJI were Gram-positive bacteria (58.91%, 119/202), and the positive rates of culture in patients with acute PJI, delayed PJI and chronic PJI were 32.00% (8/25), 62.64% (57/91) and 62.79% (54/86), followed by gram-negative bacteria (29/202, 14.36%) and fungus (4/202, 1.98%). Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus played an important role as well, followed by gram-negative bacteria (29/202, 14.36%) and fungus (4/202, 1.98%). Penicillin (81.25%), oxacillin (63.33%), erythromycin (61.17%) and clindamycin (48.35%) showed high antibiotic resistance rate in gram-positive bacteria. The drug-sensitivity to linezolid, vancomycin, daptomycin and tigecycline was 100%. The drug resistance rate to carbapenems was low, ranging from 0 to 3.57%.
Conclusions. The main pathogens of PJI are Gram-positive bacteria, and the drug resistance rate of chronic PJI is higher than that of delayed and acute PJI.
Ranking of development degree of cities of Lorestan province of Iran by using numerical taxonomy
Authors: Afsahhosseini Fatemehalsadat
Published: October 2022

The regional imbalance might have harmful consequences. According to principle 48 of Iran Constitutional Law, the government is obliged to eliminate any discrimination in different regions (provinces and cities) in using natural resources and national capitals, provide context for the growth of all regions proportionate with talents by maintaining constructive competitive, distribute economic activities in different areas in an appropriate way and use the capabilities and relative advantages regarding the country regional and international role optimally. Lorestan province has the second grade of unemployment in the country and regional imbalance has harmful economic and social consequences.
Trends in the effects of ambient PM 2.5 concentration on mortality risk in Hong Kong, China
Authors: Liu Yanwen , Hebert Jay Thomas , Zhao Shi , He Daihai
Published: October 2022

Background
Associations between levels of various types of airborne particulate matter such as ambient PM2.5 and short-term mortality risk have been studied extensively. A metric called daily exceedance concentration hours (DECH) has been proved useful with respect to better modeling and understanding of acute mortality risk associated with pollution in southern Chinese cities. Notably however, it is unclear whether the strength of the association is timedependent. The current study investigated this using a comprehensive dataset acquired in Hong Kong spanning from 1999 to 2019. The methodology and modeling employed were similar to those used in prior studies.
Methods
Generalized additive models with quasi-Poisson distribution links were fitted to varying periods of an overall time series. These models were then examined to identify changes in implied effects on mortality risk over time.
Results
The replicated methodology of prior studies resulted in fairly consistent, but much reduced relative effects of DECH levels on mortality risk across the disease groups. The model remained significant with the inclusion of newer datasets. When applying the model to sliding time-windows of data, the effective risk of mortality remained relatively constant despite significantly changing levels of pollutants, especially with regard to mortality risk among cardiovascular diseases. Modelling other cause groups using DECH metrics yielded similar results to those acquired using other air pollution variables.
Conclusion
The results of the study support the use of DECH as a mortality risk factor, particularly with respect to cardiovascular diseases, and the size of the association is fairly consistent.
Design and simulation of an enzymatically modified phosphatidylcholine micelle with caprylic acid using a coarse-grained molecular dynamics approach
Authors: Santos-Luna Dalia , Sixto-López Yudibeth , Bravo-Alfaro Diego A. , Cano-Sarmiento Cynthia , García Hugo S. , Correa-Basurto José
Published: October 2022

Computationally simulated micelle models provide useful information in molecular biological sciences. One perspective to investigate the mechanisms of micelle formation is through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In this study, we used the coarse-grained MD (CG-MD) simulation approach, and designed a model system of a micelle, formed by enzymatically modified phospholipids (PL). To perform the model simulation, we used a random mixture of PLs modified by phospholipase A1. This required enzymatic interesterification of soybean phosphatidylcholine (PC) with caprylic acid, along with purification and characterization by chromatographic techniques to determine the conformation of the esterified fatty acids and the corresponding phospholipid composition. The number of molecules used in the CG-MD simulation system was determined from the experimental critical micellar concentration (CMC) data. The simulation conditions, such as temperature, water and lipid concentration, were taken from the experimental settings. Our results showed that a micelle (elliptical vesicle structure) was formed within 150 ns. Moreover, the analysis confirmed that the stretched and elliptical structure was the best structure that could be formed. Our results confirmed that the modified PLs have a good tendency to form micelles depending on their geometric shapes and physicochemical properties. Finally, we propose that the simulated micellar structure as a simple model could be useful to design optimal and biocompatible nanoemulsions as possible vehicles for bioactive compounds.
Characteristics and predictors of short-term 30-day in-hospital mortality in patients with severely exacerbated COPD with acute respiratory failure
Authors: Hong Wei-Cheng , Yin Chun-Hao , Hsu Chien-Wei , Chen Jin-Shuen , Chen Yao-Shen
Published: October 2022

Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with high mortality when acutely exacerbated. However, the mortality may be higher in patients needing mechanical ventilation due to severely exacerbated COPD with acute respiratory failure. Hence, we performed a cohort study to investigate the predictors in these patients.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients diagnosed with exacerbated COPD with acute respiratory failure, who had been treated with invasive mechanical ventilation or noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). We included patients admitted to our hospital, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan, from January 2011 to December 2021. Multivariate logistic regression was used to conduct a nomogram for determining the predictors of short-term 30-day in-hospital mortality. Patients were excluded if they were aged below 20 years or had incomplete clinical or laboratory test data.
Results
We enrolled 384 COPD patients with acute respiratory failure and found that the short-term 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 20% after ventilation in patients with severely exacerbated COPD with acute respiratory failure. Patients with age ≥ 70 years (P: 0.007, adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.21, 95% confident interval (CI): 1.25–3.92), shock (P < 0.001, aOR: 4.39, 95% CI: 2.26–8.55), high serum lactate > 4 mmole/L (P: 0.008, aOR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.31–6.07), PaCO2 < 50 mmHg (P: 0.003, aOR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.33–4.14), and NIPPV (P < 0.001, aOR: 4.24, 95% CI: 2.29–7.84) were independent predictors for higher short-term 30-day in-hospital mortality rate in stepwise logistic regression analysis which showed significant predictive performance (c-statistic, 0.771; 95% CI, 0.712–0.830).
Conclusions
The established nomogram which is practical for clinical using with five significant factors showed impressive performance of mortality in patients with severely exacerbated COPD with acute respiratory failure. Age ≥ 70 years, shock, high serum lactate > 4 mmol/L, PaCO2 < 50 mmHg, and NIPPV were associated with higher short-term 30-day in-hospital mortality rates in these patients.
Knowledge, utilization, challenges and factors associated with cervical cancer screening among female doctors and nurses at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania: A cross sectional study
Authors: Theophil Timon , Balandya Belinda , Kunambi Peter , Wangwe Peter J , August Furaha
Published: October 2022

Background: Cervical cancer is the leading gynecological malignancy in Tanzania accounting 59.1 new cases per 100,000 women (age-standardized to the world population) and mortality of 42.7 deaths per 100,000 (age-standardized to the world population) in 2018. Despite this burden, the cervical cancer screening uptake is not effective. Currently, the proportion of cervical cancer screening is 11% in Tanzania among women but there is limited data of cervical cancer screening uptake among female health care workers especially doctors and nurses whom screening practice among them might influence more screening uptake to the community since they are good messengers for disseminating health information to the community. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of cervical cancer, utilization, challenges, and factors associated with cervical cancer screening among female doctors and nurses.
Methods: This was a hospital-based analytical cross-sectional study, conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) from 1st August to 31st November 2021. The semi-structured self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data on knowledge of cervical cancer, screening uptake and challenges toward cervical cancer screening. These data were self-report. The factors associated with cervical cancer screening uptake were assessed using a multivariate robust poison regression model. A P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A total number of 221 participants were involved in the study, 81.4% had good knowledge of cervical cancer and the proportion of self-reported utilization of cervical cancer screening was 29.9% (95% CI:23.9% – 36.4%). Lack of self-motivation toward screening (58.8%), tight work schedules (50.2%), and lack of perceived risk factors for cervical cancer (29.9%) were some of the challenges mentioned during the study. The adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) in the multivariate robust Poisson regression model revealed a lower level of education was associated with less likelihood to screen for cervical cancer compared to an advanced University level of education (cPR:0.54, 95% CI=0.33-0.91) with a P 0.02.
Conclusion: The study demonstrated good knowledge of cervical cancer among female doctors and nurses at MNH with poor uptake of cervical cancer screening. On-job training about the significance of cervical cancer screening and special screening program for health care providers are recommended.
The clinical study of glucocorticoid replacement therapy after unilateral adrenal adenomaresection by retroperitoneal laparoscopy
Authors: Ren Ruimin , Xie Liulei , Ma Ding , Yang Xiaofeng
Published: October 2022

Objective To investigate the need for glucocorticoid replacement (GR) therapy after retroperitoneal laparoscopic resection of unilateral adrenal cortical adenoma.
Methods This study included patients with unilateral adrenal adenoma after surgery, and the postoperative pathological results were adrenal cortical adenomas. 35 patients were evaluated, 12 males and 23 females. All patients underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopy successfully. Adrenal adenoma resection was divided into two groups according to whether hormone replacement therapy was used after surgery. One group was 28 patients who did not use hormone replacement after surgery (no hormone replacement group); the other group was 7 patients who received hormone replacement after surgery (hormone replacement group). Routine preoperative tests and adrenal related tests, basal serum cortisol, plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), percentage of eosinophils and the number of eosinophils were determined in the morning within 3 days after surgery.
Results Before surgery, the two groups were no statistical difference (P>0.05)in gender, age, left and right sides of the tumor, maximum tumor diameter, hypertension, diabetes, heart rate, eosinophil percentage, eosinophil count, serum potassium, serum sodium, cortisol 8:00am,4:00pm,24:00pm, ACTH, renin-angiotensin II-aldosterone (recumbent/standing position). After surgery, the two groups had differences in the morning basal serum cortisol (cortisol 8:00am) and ACTH(F=25.037, P<0.001; F=12.033, P=0.001), while eosinophils were no difference in percentage and number of eosinophils between the two groups.
Conclusion After laparoscopic adrenal adenoma resection, the level of cortisol is low on the first postoperative day, but most of the adrenal cortisol responds well to ACTH stimulation. Cortisol on the second and third days after surgery is basically normal without hormone replacement. However, for the continuous low levels of cortisol and ACTH 3 days after surgery, supplemental hormones should be actively given in the early stage. Therefore, after unilateral adrenalectomy, continuously review the levels of cortisol and ACTH, and use glucocorticoid replacement therapy if necessary.
Assessment of Black Carbon in Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí, México, During Sugarcane Harvest 2020-2021
Authors: Pérez-Medina Pedro , Galindo-Mendoza María Guadalupe , Barrera Valter A.
Published: October 2022

This work evaluates Black Carbon emissions produced in Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí, México, during the harvest 2020–2021 of Ingenio Plan de Ayala and its association with the sugarcane sector in its area of influence. Black Carbon concentrations were measured each hour by the 7-wavelength aethalometer (AE-33) from November 13, 2020, to June 7, 2021, at Tecnológico Nacional de México - Campus Ciudad Valles, located northeast of the city, approximately 1 kilometer from Ingenio and bordered by the sugarcane area. The maximum daily concentration recorded was 4.5 ± 0.072 µg m− 3 with a daily average of 0.9 ± 0.014 µg m− 3, enough to increase the mortality of the long-term exposed population by almost 6.0% moreover, according to the World Health Organization, and to cause environmental and productive effects. The burning of fossil fuels represented 62.9% of the total Black Carbon, indicating that contrary to official statistics, Ingenio Plan de Ayala may continue using fuel oil. Likewise, there was a statistically significant difference in Black Carbon concentrations during harvest and no harvest periods, indicating a direct relationship between its emissions and the sugarcane sector of this region. The highest concentrations were in the surrounding area of Ingenio Plan de Ayala and sugarcane lands, which supports the previous theory. With the results obtained, the bottom line is that evaluating other agricultural burning emissions near the growing cities is necessary to minimize adverse effects on human health and reduce CO2eq emissions.
Benefit of postoperative chemotherapy in operated gastric or gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma ypT0-3N0 : a retrospective and multicenter AGEO study
Authors: Juin Charlotte , Gallois Claire , Philonenko Sara , Artru Pascal , Trouilloud Isabelle , McLellan Paul , Malet Alice , Coutzac Clelia , Smolenschi Cristina , Dubreuil Olivier , Deutsch David , Baumgaertner Isabelle , Danion Pauline , Rigault Eugenie , Palmieri Lola-Jade , Coriat Romain
Published: October 2022

Background

Standard therapy in gastric or gastro-esophageal junction (GOJ) adenocarcinoma is perioperative chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel (FLOT regimen). FLOT offers significant histological response rates. The objective of our study was to evaluate the benefit of postoperative chemotherapy on recurrence free survival (RFS) in operated gastric or gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma ypT0-3N0.

Materials and Methods.

This retrospective mulicenter study included patients with gastric or GOJ adenocarcinoma ypT0-3N0 treated with preoperative FLOT-type chemotherapy and operated between January 2017 and January 2022. Patients were divided into two groups: a group without postoperative chemotherapy (monitoring group) and a group with postoperative chemotherapy (chemotherapy group). Primary criterion was RFS. Secondary criterion was overall survival (OS).

Results

A total of 123 patients were included, 107 in the post chemotherapy group and 16 in the monitoring group. Patients in the chemotherapy group were younger (59 vs. 67 years) and had had less preoperative chemotherapy dose reduction (29 vs. 43,7%). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups concerning RFS (p = 0,87) and OS (p = 0,93).

Conclusion

Our study suggests that postoperative chemotherapy does not improve survival in gastric or GOJ adenocarcinoma following surgery and 4 cycles of preoperative FLOT. Our study paves the way for a prospective randomized trial focusing on the usefulness of 4 cycles of post operative FLOT.
Publication type :
MeSH : Academic Dissertation
Evaluation of Sexual Function Problems in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: çıracıoğlu ayşe merve
Published: October 2022

Background: Sexual dysfunctions are often observed in Multiple Sclerosis, affecting the quality of life but are frequently ignored. Our study aims to examine the relationship between demographic data, clinical symptoms, functional capacity, and quality of life in patients with MS and sexual dysfunction.
Methods: A total of 51 sexually active MS patients, 28 female and 23 males, were included in the study. Demographic data of all patients were recorded. Questionnaires included Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) for women's sexual function, the International erectile function form (IIEF)c
for men's sexual function, EDSS for functional capacity, SF-36 for quality of life, and Timed 25 Foot Walk test (T25FW) were applied.
Results: Sexual dysfunction was found in 92.9% of women and 73.9% of men. Decreased sexual arousal, lubrication, and orgasm problems were most common in women, while erectile dysfunction, sexual desire, and sexual satisfaction problems were prominent in men. A significant correlation was found between FSFI and SF-36 in women and IIEF and nine holes, EDSS, and SF-36 in men.
In conclusion: Sexual dysfunction is common in men and women patients with MS and can affect different aspects of the quality of life. Increased awareness is important for appropriate treatment methods and quality of life.