bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hip-Hop’s Authentic Masculinity: A Quare Reading of Fox’s Empire
Authors: Rodriguez Nathian Shae
Published: April 2017

Black masculinity in the hip-hop culture often promotes instances of homophobia, effeminophobia, and misogyny. To reify an “authentic” black masculinity, individuals within the hip-hop genre police its boundaries through discourse and behavior. This policing is evident in popular media content like songs, music videos, interviews, television shows, and film. These media depictions can, over time, cultivate the attitudes and opinions of the viewing public about homosexuals and their place within black culture, specifically in hip-hop. Through a quare lens, the study investigates how Fox’s television show Empire helps construct and maintain stereotypical representations of black gay men against the milieu of hip-hop. Empire reifies queer stereotypes and highlights conventions of black masculinity and hip-hop authenticity.
Featured Article: Depletion of HDL3high density lipoprotein and altered functionality of HDL2in blood from sickle cell patients
Authors: Soupene Eric , Larkin Sandra K , Kuypers Frans A
Published: April 2017

In sickle cell disease (SCD), alterations of cholesterol metabolism is in part related to abnormal levels and activity of plasma proteins such as lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), and apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I). In addition, the size distribution of ApoA-I high density lipoproteins (HDL) differs from normal blood. The ratio of the amount of HDL2particle relative to the smaller higher density pre-β HDL (HDL3) particle was shifted toward HDL2. This lipoprotein imbalance is exacerbated during acute vaso-occlusive episodes (VOE) as the relative levels of HDL3decrease. HDL3deficiency in SCD plasma was found to relate to a slower ApoA-I exchange rate, which suggests an impaired ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux in SCD. HDL2isolated from SCD plasma displayed an antioxidant capacity normally associated with HDL3, providing evidence for a change in function of HDL2in SCD as compared to HDL2in normal plasma. Although SCD plasma is depleted in HDL3, this altered capacity of HDL2could account for the lack of difference in pro-inflammatory HDL levels in SCD as compared to normal. Exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to HDL2isolated from SCD plasma resulted in higher mRNA levels of the acute phase protein long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) as compared to incubation with HDL2from control plasma. Addition of the heme-scavenger hemopexin protein prevented increased expression of PTX3 in sickle HDL2-treated cells. These findings suggest that ApoA-I lipoprotein composition and functions are altered in SCD plasma, and that whole blood transfusion may be considered as a blood replacement therapy in SCD.

Impact statement

Our study adds to the growing evidence that the dysfunctional red blood cell (RBC) in sickle cell disease (SCD) affects the plasma environment, which contributes significantly in the vasculopathy that defines the disease. Remodeling of anti-inflammatory high density lipoprotein (HDL) to pro-inflammatory entities can occur during the acute phase response. SCD plasma is depleted of the pre-β particle (HDL3), which is essential for stimulation of reverse cholesterol from macrophages, and the function of the larger HDL2particle is altered. These dysfunctions are exacerbated during vaso-occlusive episodes. Interaction of lipoproteins with endothelium increases formation of inflammatory mediators, a process counteracted by the heme-scavenger hemopexin. This links hemolysis to lipoprotein-mediated inflammation in SCD, and hemopexin treatment could be considered. The use of RBC concentrates in transfusion therapy of SCD patients underestimates the importance of the dysfunctional plasma compartment, and transfusion of whole blood or plasma may be warranted.
The Characteristics and Long-Term Course of Epilepsy in Lipoid Proteinosis: A Spectrum From Mild to Severe Seizures in Relation to ECM1 Mutations
Authors: Oguz Akarsu Emel , Dinçsoy Bir Firdevs , Baykal Can , Taşdemir Volkan , Kara Bülent , Bebek Nerses , Gürses Candan , Uyguner Oya , Baykan Betül
Published: April 2017

Lipoid proteinosis (LP) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by deposition of hyaline material in skin and mucosae. Epilepsy, as an extracutaneous manifestation associated with typical mesial temporal calcifications, has already been identified, but its characteristics and long-term prognosis have not been thoroughly investigated. We included 7 consecutive patients with LP with typical intracranial calcifications out of 16 patients with ECM1 mutations and investigated the semiologic features, ictal and interictal EEG findings, and long-term prognosis of epilepsy in this genodermatosis. Four of them had seizures (57.1%), and focal seizures with motionless staring were the most common seizure phenotype, originating from bilateral mesial temporal areas, but interictal spikes were scant. Auras were observed in three patients, mostly as epigastric sensation and déjà vu, which indicated mesial temporal lobe origin. Three patients with homozygous mutations in sixth and seventh exons of the ECM1 gene had a drug-resistant course at the end of long-term follow-up. Molecular genetic testing showed a rare compound heterozygous mutation in one patient, which was also associated with seizures but without drug-resistance. Our findings indicated a spectrum for epilepsy with a desperate drug-resistant course for decades in most patients with LP, which is still an underrecognized disease by neurologists.
First-in-man experience of self-expanding nitinol stents combined with drug-coated balloon in the treatment of femoropopliteal occlusive disease
Authors: Mwipatayi Bibombe Patrice , Perera Kalpa , Daneshmand Ali , Daniel Rhys , Wong Jackie , Thomas Shannon D , Burrows Sally A
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The present study aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of a drug-coated balloon inflated within a thin-strut self-expanding bare-metal stent in patients with severe and complex femoropopliteal occlusive disease.

Methods

This prospective study used the Pulsar-self-expanding stent and Passeo-18 Lux drug-coated balloon in patients with severe and complex femoropopliteal occlusive disease. The primary endpoint was the 12-month primary patency, and the secondary endpoints included 24-month primary patency, assisted primary patency, secondary patency, and clinically associated target lesion revascularisation.

Results

The study included 44 patients (51 limbs). The mean age of the patients was 67.6 ± 10.2 years, with 73% men. Chronic limb severity was classified as Rutherford Category III in 41% of the patients, stage IV in 31%, and stage V in 27%. Lesions were predominantly Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC 2007) D (51%) and C (45%), with 32 (63%) chronic total occlusions. Procedural success was obtained in all cases. The mean lesion length was 200 ± 74.55 mm (95% CI = 167.09–208.01) with a mean number of stents per limb used of 1.57 ± 0.70 (95% CI = 1.37–1.76). Distal embolisation occurred in two patients. The primary patency rates at the 12- and 24-month follow-up were 94% (95% CI = 82.9–98.1) and 88% (95% CI = 75.7–94.5), respectively. The assisted primary was 94% (95% CI = 82.9–98.1) and secondary patency was 96% (95% CI = 85.2–99.0) at 24-month follow-up. The cumulative stent fracture rate at the 24-month follow-up was 10%. Freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularisation was 94% (95% CI = 83–98%) at 12-month follow-up and 88% (95% CI = 76–94%) at 24-month follow-up, with two patients requiring a bypass graft.

Conclusion

Our novel approach involving the combination of a thin-strut bare-metal stent and a drug-coated balloon may be safe and effective, with sustainable and promising clinical outcomes up to 24 months after treatment.
Health impact assessment (HIA) of political proposals at the local level: successful introduction, but what has happened 15 years later?
Authors: Berensson Karin , Tillgren Per
Published: April 2017

Health impact assessments (HIAs) were first introduced in Sweden in the mid-to-late 1990s, with the aim of placing health issues on the political agenda and helping to reduce health inequalities. In the early 2000s, HIAs entered a second phase and the Swedish Parliament adopted a national public health policy. A national survey conducted in 2001 showed that 10/289 municipalities had begun to use HIA and 55/289 had decided to use HIA or had initiated an adoption process. In a 2013 follow-up study based on a strategic sample of municipalities, 9/36 municipalities reported using HIA and/or similar tools. Corresponding figures for the 21 Swedish regions were 10 regions in 2001 and four in 2013. HIA and similar tools (sustainability analyses, child impact assessments, and others) were applied to the same extent as HIA. Fifteen years after implementation began, HIA is still being used. Regions show a clear decrease in the use of HIA. There are several explanations for this development. One is the political context, and other explanations are shifts in which actors are responsible for HIA and for public health at the local/regional levels.
Green synthesis of graphene nanosheets and their in vitro cytotoxicity against human prostate cancer (DU 145) cell lines
Authors: Zhu Xin , Xu Xiaolin , Liu Feng , Jin Jizhong , Liu Lintao , Zhi Yi , Chen Zhi-wen , Zhou Zhan-song , Yu Jianjun
Published: April 2017

A simple and green approach for the synthesis of polyphenol-functionalized reduced graphene oxide nanosheets is demonstrated, using leaf extract of Citrullus colocynthis as a deoxygenating agent. The C. colocynthis polyphenols also play a significant role as a stabilizing agent, preventing agglomeration of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets. Cytotoxicity tests showed that the both graphene oxide and Citrullus colocynthis polyphenol-stabilized reduced graphene oxide were toxic to DU145 cells; the cytotoxicity was dose dependent. Hence, C. colocynthis–mediated reduced graphene oxide may be an ideal anticancer material for biological study applications.
Recalibrating the Gaze
Authors: McAllum Michael
Published: April 2017

If symbolic language, collective learning, and the means by which we use technology are humanity’s “fundamental, non-genetic, adaptive capacity,” then how these are extended and modified in the next few decades will fundamentally define what it means to be human in the twenty-first century. The scale and scope of that determination is, in turn, dependent on how cognitive framings or “gazes,” shaped by shared conceptions of time, are constructed, for these gazes bound conversation, available knowledge, and the contextualizing of decisions. This article argues that the dominant linear orientation with its present-future emphasis has a direct causal relationship with the existential issues contemporary society faces. It postulates their resolution requires going beyond existing constraints in language and learning together with the need to fundamentally rethink many explicit and tacit understandings, including those that inform futures thinking. If this were to occur, then the scope of symbolic language is broadened, thus, allowing a wider range of options to become available. However, it must be recognized at the same time that these same elements must morph to reflect both the inclusion, yet incompleteness, of all knowledge systems into a new ecology of understanding. Such propositions lead to a question: does contemporary society have sufficient awareness of its present situation to put aside (even for a while) what has made it successful thus far, to even consider possibilities that exist beyond the conventions it now accepts as axiomatic?
Longitudinal Increases in Parent–Child Relationship Quality and Sensation Seeking Interact to Increase Risk-Taking During the College Transition
Authors: Guassi Moreira João F. , Telzer Eva H.
Published: April 2017

We tested two competing predictions of whether changes in parent–child relationship quality buffer or exacerbate the association between sensation-seeking and risk-taking behaviors as individuals gain more independence during the high school–college transition. In the current longitudinal study, 287 participants completed self-report measures of sensation seeking, risk-taking, and parent–child relationship quality with their parents prior to starting college and again during their first semester. Overall, students displayed increases in risky behaviors, which were predicted by sensation seeking. Changes in relationship quality moderated the association between sensation seeking and risk-taking, such that sensation seeking predicted higher risk-taking behaviors during the first semester of college, but only for those who reported increases in relationship quality across the college transition. These results suggest that increased relationship quality may have an inadvertent spillover effect by interacting with sensation seeking to increase risky behaviors.
Cost of Cancer-Related Neutropenia or Fever Hospitalizations, United States, 2012
Authors: Tai Eric , Guy Gery P. , Dunbar Angela , Richardson Lisa C.
Published: April 2017

Purpose:

Neutropenia and subsequent infections are life-threatening treatment-related toxicities of chemotherapy. Among patients with cancer, hospitalizations related to neutropenic complications result in substantial medical costs, morbidity, and mortality. Previous estimates for the cost of cancer-related neutropenia hospitalizations are based on older and limited data. This study provides nationally representative estimates of the cost of cancer-related neutropenia hospitalizations.

Methods:

We examined data from the 2012 National Inpatient Sample and Kids’ Inpatient Database. Hospitalizations for cancer-related neutropenia were defined as those with a primary or secondary diagnosis of cancer and a diagnosis of neutropenia or a fever of unknown origin. We examined characteristics of cancer-related neutropenia hospitalizations among children (age < 18 years) and adults (age ≥ 18 years). Adjusted predicted margins were used to estimate length of stay and cost per stay.

Results:

There were 91,560 and 16,859 cancer-related neutropenia hospitalizations among adults and children, respectively. Total cost of cancer-related neutropenia hospitalizations was $2.3 billion for adults and $439 million for children. Cancer-related neutropenia hospitalizations accounted for 5.2% of all cancer-related hospitalizations and 8.3% of all cancer-related hospitalization costs. For adults, the mean length of stay for cancer-related neutropenia hospitalizations was 9.6 days, with a mean hospital cost of $24,770 per stay. For children, the mean length of stay for cancer-related neutropenia hospitalizations was 8.5 days, with a mean hospital cost of $26,000 per stay.

Conclusion:

We found the costs of cancer-related neutropenia hospitalizations to be substantially high. Efforts to prevent and minimize neutropenia-related complications among patients with cancer may decrease hospitalizations and associated costs.
Electrostatic Potential Charge including Spatial Electron Density Distribution (SEDD): Application to Biosystems
Authors: Yokogawa Daisuke , Arifin
Published: April 2017

Atomic charges are very useful variables in chemistry and biochemistry. However, there is no equation to give “exact” atomic charges. For evaluation of atomic charges, the criteria, (i) small dependency of basis sets, (ii) reproduction of electrostatic potential (ESP) determined by self-consistent field calculation, and (iii) small grid artifacts in charge fitting, have been often employed. Although ESP charge, which is one of the choices for atomic charges, satisfies the criteria (i) and (ii), it has been difficult to remove the grid artifacts. Recently, we proposed another ESP charge by including spatial electron density distribution. In this study, we computed the atomic charges about intramolecular transesterification in phosphorylated d-ribose and oxidation reaction of deoxytetranucleotide d(CGCG)2 with our method and showed that our method can satisfy the three criteria.
Procurement Design with Corruption
Authors: Burguet Roberto
Published: April 2017

I investigate the design of optimal procurement mechanisms in the presence of corruption. After contracting with the sponsor, the contractor may bribe the inspector to misrepresent quality. The mechanism affects whether bribery occurs. I discuss the cases of both fixed and variable (with the size of misrepresentation) bribes, and also uncertainty about the bribe amount. In all cases, the optimal contract curtails quality for low efficiency contractors but also for the most efficient contractors. I also present models of bribe negotiations whose reduced form coincide with the model analyzed in the paper, and discuss implementation and the effect of competition. (JEL D73, D82, D86, H57, L15)
Age-Dependent Payoffs and Assortative Matching by Age in a Market with Search
Authors: Sautmann Anja
Published: April 2017

This paper considers a matching market with two-sided search and transferable utility where match payoffs depend on age at marriage (time until match) and search is finite. We define and prove existence of equilibrium, and provide sufficient conditions for positive assortative matching that build on restricting the slope and curvature of the marriage payoff function to generate single-peaked preferences in age and therefore convex matching sets. Payoff functions that are incompatible with positive sorting by age include all strictly increasing functions and constant flow payoffs enjoyed for some finite period. (JEL C78, D83, J12)
Strategic Vote Trading in Power Sharing Systems
Authors: Xefteris Dimitrios , Ziros Nicholas
Published: April 2017

This paper studies decentralized vote trading in a power sharing system that follows the rules of strategic market games. In particular, we study a two-party election in which prior to the voting stage, voters are free to trade votes for money. Voters hold private information about both their ordinal and cardinal preferences, whereas their utilities are proportionally increasing in the vote share of their favorite party. In this framework, we prove generic existence of a unique full trade equilibrium (an equilibrium in which nobody refrains from vote trading). Moreover, we argue that vote trading in such systems unambiguously improves voters' welfare. (JEL C72, D71, D72, D82)
Influencia do uso de chupetas e mamadeiras na prática do aleitamento materno
Authors: Batista Christyann Lima Campos , Ribeiro Valdinar Sousa , Nascimento Maria do Desterro Soares Brandão
Published: April 2017

Objetivo: Verificar, na mais recente literatura, o efeito dos bicos artificiais, como mamadeiras e chupetas, sobre a prática do aleitamento materno. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO e PubMed, considerando estudos originais publicados entre os anos de 2010 e 2015, em português e inglês, utilizando-se os descritores “chupetas”, “amamentação”, “mamadeiras”, “desmame” e “alimentação artificial”, combinados ou isolados, com seus respectivos correspondentes na língua inglesa. Resultados: foram incluídos 25 artigos conforme os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Estudos apontaram uma relação entre o desmame e o uso de chupetas, e o desmame e uso de chupetas e outros bicos artificiais. Além disso, os estudos evidenciaram que a redução no uso de chupeta gera um aumento na duração do aleitamento. Outras variáveis comuns relacionadas ao desmame relatadas na literatura foram: ausência materna, trabalhar fora ou falta de proteção legal, baixa escolaridade materna, idade materna e problemas relacionados às mamas e nascimento em unidade não “Hospital Amigo da Criança”. Conclusões: O uso de bicos artificiais está sendo relacionado ao desmame precoce ou à diminuição da duração do aleitamento materno. Necessita-se ainda que outros estudos sejam realizados a fim de compreender melhor como os bicos artificiais agem sobre as habilidades orais da criança.
A Partial-Order-Based Model to Estimate Individual Preferences Using Panel Data
Authors: Jagabathula Srikanth , Vulcano Gustavo
Published: April 2017

In retail operations, customer choices may be affected by stockout and promotion events. Given panel data with the transaction history of customers, and product availability and promotion data, our goal is to predict future individual purchases. We use a general nonparametric framework in which we represent customers by partial orders of preferences. In each store visit, each customer samples a full preference list of the products consistent with her partial order, forms a consideration set, and then chooses to purchase the most preferred product among the considered ones. Our approach involves: (a) defining behavioral models to build consideration sets as subsets of the products on offer, (b) proposing a clustering algorithm for determining customer segments, and (c) deriving marginal distributions for partial preferences under the multinomial logit model. Numerical experiments on real-world panel data show that our approach allows more accurate, fine-grained predictions for individual purchase behavior compared to state-of-the-art alternative methods.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2683 .

This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Can Prospect Theory Explain the Disposition Effect? A New Perspective on Reference Points
Authors: Meng Juanjuan , Weng Xi
Published: April 2017

There has been recent debate about whether prospect theory can explain the disposition effect. Using both theory and simulation, this paper shows that prospect theory often predicts the disposition effect when lagged expected final wealth is the reference point under the principle of preferred personal equilibrium, regardless of whether the reference point is updated or not. When initial wealth is the reference point, however, there is often no disposition effect. Models that use a reference point with no lag under the principle of preferred personal equilibrium or that determine the reference point using the principle of disappointment aversion cannot explain why the investor bought a stock in the first place. Reference point adjustment weakens the disposition effect, leads to more aggressive initial stock purchase strategies, and predicts history dependence in stock holding.

This paper was accepted by John List, behavioral economics.
Unravelling dominance in dogs
Authors: Hedges Stephanie
Published: April 2017

Aggression is the canine behaviour most likely to lead to relinquishment or euthanasia. Understanding how dogs socially interact and manage conflict is therefore of particular importance to veterinary professionals. Traditional approaches to the prevention and management of canine aggression advocated owners assert themselves as ‘pack leader’ through routine control of all resources and correction of any perceived challenge for them. At its most extreme this included physical punishment and steps to inhibit any initiative by the dog, including free movement and social interaction. The theory evolved from early to mid 20th century research into captive wolf behaviour, embellished by subsequent generations of dog trainers and behaviourists. However, more recent research into the behaviour of non-captive wolves and domesticated dogs, both in the home and living ferally, has brought the dominance theory into question. Perhaps more importantly, progress in the fields of animal welfare and training have highlighted ethical concerns and risks associated with the punitive methods of handling and training recommended by advocates. Modern approaches to modifying and managing the behaviour of the domestic dog use scientific principles to understand the motivation for their behaviour. Change is then facilitated through management of triggers, changing the dog's emotional response to them and manipulating things the dog wants, to encourage preferred behaviour.
Cardiology update: the EPIC study and what it means for treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease
Authors: Pace Charlotte
Published: April 2017

The results of a study published in 2016 brought welcome news to the world of veterinary cardiology. Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common form of acquired heart disease diagnosed in dogs. Before this study released its results, treatment of MMVD was restricted to when dogs developed heart failure as a result of the disease. Despite effective treatment, median survival time is less than a year when dogs are diagnosed with heart failure. Therefore, The Effect of Pimobendan in Dogs with Preclinical Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease and Cardiomegaly: The EPIC Study – A Randomized Clinical Trial (2016), chose to look at treating MMVD with pimobendan in an attempt to prolong the period before heart failure developed. The EPIC study proved conclusively that administration of pimobendan could delay the onset of heart failure by, on average, 15 months, both safely and effectively.
How to manage wounds with excessive exudate
Authors: Bell Samantha
Published: April 2017

Excessive exudate can be challenging to manage in veterinary practice as a wound's ideal healing environment can be difficult to establish. Knowledge of how to prepare a wound and select a suitable dressing to cope with exudate from a wound is essential to encourage faster wound healing and to provide a return to normality for patients.
How do marginalized families engage school choice in inequitable urban landscapes? A critical geographic approach
Authors: Yoon Ee-Seul , Lubienski Christopher
Published: April 2017

The normalization of school choice in the education system is purported to provide more schooling options for all families, particularly those who do not have the means to move into affluent areas with ‘better’ schools. Nonetheless, it is still unclear to what extent the policy of school choice has been effective in achieving the goal of providing more choices for marginalized families. This paper aims to fill this gap by examining the K-12 school choice practices and patterns of marginalized urban families, with a focus on their spatial positions and dispositions, in what is arguably one of the most rapidly diversifying and polarizing cities in the world, Vancouver, Canada. An innovative mixed-methods critical geographic approach is used to better understand the families’ school choice participation and related mobility patterns geo-spatially, while exploring their choices phenomenologically.
Pochłaniacze czasu – doktorzy na uczelniach w Polsce wobec organizacji czasu ich pracy
Authors: Kowzan Piotr , Zielińska Małgorzata
Published: April 2017

W artykule analizujemy cztery części składowe pracy akademickiej: pracę badawczą, dydaktykę, pracę administracyjną oraz współpracę naukową z innymi badaczami, wykorzystując materiały z raportu „Nie zostaje mi czasu na pracę naukową”. Pokazujemy, jak pracownikom naukowo- dydaktycznym ze stopniem doktora układa się kalendarz ich pracy i jak zwiększają oni swoje budżety czasu pracy, żeby zdobyć czas na pracę naukową i habilitować się na czas. Przybliżamy też skutki pracy w takich reżimach czasowych. Efektem naszych badań jest ukazanie pewnego modelu pracy akademickiej, w którym porównane są ze sobą typy zadań składających się na całokształt pracy osób z tytułem doktora zatrudnionych na etatach naukowo-dydaktycznych.
Wynagradzanie za efekty pracy nauczycieli akademickich – analiza przypadku Uniwersytetu Islandzkiego
Authors: Bugaj Justyna M.
Published: April 2017

Wynagradzanie za efekty pracy sprowadza się do ustalenia celów i zadań, które powinny zostać osiągnięte w określonym czasie. Takie podejście daje dużo swobody pracownikowi, który decyduje, kiedy i jak chce je osiągnąć. Jest ono również coraz bardziej popularne w organizacjach biznesowych. Czy jednak sprawdzi się na uniwersytecie publicznym? Celem artykułu jest omówienie wynagradzania za efekty pracy nauczycieli akademickich na wybranym przykładzie oraz przedstawienie propozycji mierników efektów pracy dla nauczycieli akademickich zatrudnionych w polskich uczeniach. Jako metody badawcze wykorzystałam krytyczną analizę treści piśmiennictwa naukowego z zakresu wynagradzania pracowników oraz analizę przypadku (case study) uniwersytetu, w którym wybrane do analizy praktyki sprawdzają się od wielu lat. Definicję uniwersyteckiego nauczyciela akademickiego przyjęłam za Eurydice, gdzie oznacza on zarówno wykwalifikowanych pracowników uczestniczących w procesie kształcenia, jak i tych, którzy wykonują pewne zadania związane z zarządzaniem i/lub koordynacją pracy wszystkich pracowników na uczelni1. W związku z tym nie uwzględniłam specyfiki wynagradzania za efekty pracy kadry administracyjnej (pracowników sekretariatów, księgowości, administracji finansowej itp.). Pojęcia „uniwersytet” i „uczelnia” stosowałam zamiennie, choć nie oznaczają one tego samego. W pierwszej części skupiłam się na przedstawieniu założeń wynagradzania za efekty pracy oraz opisaniu przykładowych efektów pracy nauczyciela akademickiego w wyodrębnionych obszarach jego aktywności zawodowej. W drugiej części przedstawiłam analizę przypadku wybranego uniwersytetu oraz dyskusję opisywanych praktyk. W zaprezentowanym przykładzie powiązanie wynagrodzeń z efektami pracy następuje w formie bezpośredniej (np. premie i nagrody) i pośredniej (np. dodatkowe premie roczne). Takie podejście wymaga jasnego ustalenia i komunikowania zasad funkcjonującego systemu wynagrodzeń wszystkim pracownikom oraz uświadomienia im ich roli w efektywnym działaniu całej uczelni. Jest to także przykład systemowych działań dotyczących powiązania strategii wynagrodzeń ze strategią uczelni.
Autonomia i rozliczalność uczelni w zakresie nieruchomości – przypadek Polski
Authors: Rymarzak Małgorzata
Published: April 2017

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nad autonomią i rozliczalnością polskich uczelni publicznych w zakresie nieruchomości. Starano się w nim odpowiedzieć na pytanie: Czy w ostatnich latach uczelnie podlegały społecznej i administracyjnej kontroli poziomu wykorzystania posiadanych kampusów, a podejmowane przez nie decyzje o znacznej ich rozbudowie były ekonomicznie uzasadnione? Pytanie to ma szczególne znaczenie w dobie pogłębiającego się niżu demograficznego i zmniejszania stopnia finansowania szkolnictwa wyższego ze środków publicznych oraz rosnących kosztów utrzymania budynków. Analiza danych empirycznych pokazuje, że w okresie rozdzielania znacznych krajowych i europejskich środków publicznych na rozbudowę czy modernizację infrastruktury akademickiej uczelnie w Polsce nie były zobligowane do wykazywania, jak gospodarują powierzonym im majątkiem. W konsekwencji mogło przyczynić się to do istotnego (nie zawsze jednak uzasadnionego) wzrostu powierzchni uczelnianych zasobów, który może w kolejnych latach skutkować problemami finansowymi poszczególnych jednostek, a także determinować przyszłość całego systemu szkolnictwa wyższego.
Community Poverty and Child Abuse Fatalities in the United States
Authors: Farrell Caitlin A. , Fleegler Eric W. , Monuteaux Michael C. , Wilson Celeste R. , Christian Cindy W. , Lee Lois K.
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Child maltreatment remains a problem in the United States, and individual poverty is a recognized risk factor for abuse. Children in impoverished communities are at risk for negative health outcomes, but the relationship of community poverty to child abuse fatalities is not known. Our objective was to evaluate the association between county poverty concentration and rates of fatal child abuse.

METHODS:

This was a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of child abuse fatalities in US children 0 to 4 years of age from 1999 to 2014 by using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Compressed Mortality Files. Population and poverty statistics were obtained from US Census data. National child abuse fatality rates were calculated for each category of community poverty concentration. Multivariate negative binomial regression modeling assessed the relationship between county poverty concentration and child abuse fatalities.

RESULTS:

From 1999 to 2014, 11 149 children 0 to 4 years old died of child abuse; 45% (5053) were <1 year old, 56% (6283) were boys, and 58% (6480) were white. The overall rate of fatal child abuse was 3.5 per 100 000 children 0 to 4 years old. In the multivariate model, counties with the highest poverty concentration had >3 times the rate of child abuse fatalities compared with counties with the lowest poverty concentration (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 3.03; 95% confidence interval, 2.4–3.79).

CONCLUSIONS:

Higher county poverty concentration is associated with increased rates of child abuse fatalities. This finding should inform public health officials in targeting high-risk areas for interventions and resources.
A traumatikus élmények facilitáló szerepe a művészetben
Authors: Gerevich József
Published: April 2017

Abstract:

Traumatic experiences can not only have unfavourable consequences, they can also contribute, with a kind of creative twist, to the development of the person affected by the trauma. The artistic responses to traumas can be examined on the basis of the different types of trauma. This study reports on an investigation focusing on six types of trauma: emotional deprivation/neglect; near-death experience; becoming the victim of violence; war; accident/sickness and emotional frustration. Examples taken from the history of art indicate that works of art can draw attention to the traumatic experiences of the artists with frequently repeated motifs and portrayal techniques (sun, mother image, objects referring to the person lost, motifs of violence or symbols of violence, artistic manifestations of an exaggerated self-image, surreal visions, dry irony, substituting other objects for the beloved person), or a sudden change of style and subject that can express a heightened interest in human suffering (Lovis Corinth). An emphasis placed on self-portrayal can indicate the artist’s increased self-examination, in cases of sickness, or continuous monitoring of the state of mind (Frida Kahlo, Otto Dix, Lovis Corinth, Edvard Munch). In some cases artistic activity can help to work through the trauma (Hans Bellmer, Oskar Kokoschka, Max Ernst, René Magritte), in other cases it is not able to prevent the development of psychological/psychiatric consequences of the trauma (Artemisia Gentileschi, Edvard Munch, Lajos Gulácsy). Traumas can be the sources of motivation and provide themes for works of art; and, although not in all cases, artistic creativity can contribute to effectively working through traumatic experiences. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(17): 668–677.
Walking Motion Generation and Neuro-Fuzzy Control with Push Recovery for Humanoid Robot
Authors: Mendez Monroy Paul Erick
Published: April 2017

Push recovery is an essential requirement for a humanoid robot with the objective of safely performing tasks within a real dynamic environment. In this environment, the robot is susceptible to external disturbance that in some cases is inevitable, requiring push recovery strategies to avoid possible falls, damage in humans and the environment. In this paper, a novel push recovery approach to counteract disturbance from any direction and any walking phase is developed. It presents a pattern generator with the ability to be modified according to the push recovery strategy. The result is a humanoid robot that can maintain its balance in the presence of strong disturbance taking into account its magnitude and determining the best push recovery strategy. Push recovery experiments with different disturbance directions have been performed using a 20 DOF Darwin-OP robot. The adaptability and low computational cost of the whole scheme allows is incorporation into an embedded system.
Crossrail project: the evolution of an innovation ecosystem
Authors: Pelton John , Brown Maggie , Reddaway Will , Gilmour Marie , Phoon Syinyi , Wolstenholme Andrew , Gann David
Published: April 2017

The £14·8 billion Crossrail project to deliver the Elizabeth line east–west railway across London has pioneered the development of a systematic programme approach to innovation. Previous papers have focused on the early stages of setting up Crossrail’s innovation programme – known as Innovate18 – and implementing it as a credible component of the delivery organisation. With the Elizabeth line now close to completion there is an opportunity to reflect on the project’s experience of innovation and the performance of its programme as it reaches maturity. This paper describes the maturing programme, lessons that have been learned and how the programme has migrated into an infrastructure industry platform.
Distinct-element analysis of an offshore wind turbine monopile under cyclic lateral load
Authors: Duan Nuo , Cheng Yi Pik , Xu Xiaomin
Published: April 2017

This paper presents a distinct-element method study of the dynamic behaviour of a rigid bored monopile for an offshore wind turbine foundation subject to force-controlled cyclic lateral loads. A two-dimensional model of a granular assembly was developed using the particle flow code. The model was consolidated under high gravity to simulate existing centrifuge model tests. The simulation results showed great similarity to the published experimental measurements in terms of the relationship between loading and the normalised lateral displacement. The dependency of the accumulated rotation, lateral deflection and stiffness on the two key loading characteristics, loading magnitude and direction, were analysed. Particle-scale information was employed to reveal the micromechanics of these dynamic behaviours. It was seen that relative particle displacement fields provided clear micro-scale evidence of the development of shear zones induced by the lateral cyclic loading of the pile. Meanwhile, local void densification was also observed through particle movements.
Discrete-element method analysis of initial fabric effects on pre- and post-liquefaction behavior of sands
Authors: Wei J. , Wang G.
Published: April 2017

The initial fabric has great influence on the cyclic behaviours of sands. In this study, numerical simulations by the discrete-element method (DEM) were conducted to study the effects of the initial fabric of sands on their cyclic liquefaction resistance and post-liquefaction behaviour. Nine samples with different initial fabric but the same void ratio were prepared by the pre-shearing method, and then subjected to 47 cyclic simple shear tests. The DEM simulation demonstrated that samples with higher degrees of fabric anisotropy have much lower liquefaction resistance compared with an isotropic sample. By incorporating the initial fabric, a single equation can be used to characterise the liquefaction resistance of all the prepared samples. On the other hand, post-liquefaction deformation is not significantly influenced by the initial fabric such that all samples demonstrate similar cyclic behaviour after liquefaction.
Prosodic Variation in Academic Public Presentations
Authors: Freydina Elena
Published: April 2017

The article reports on a study of the prosodic characteristics of academic public presentations. Prosodic variation is analysed with regard to the social and cultural context which is significant for the adequate description of discourse prosody. The paper draws on the findings made in the course of the analysis (auditory and acoustic) of presentations delivered by British lecturers. The article contains an overview of contextual factors and discourse strategies used in academic presentations. Special focus is given to prosodic variations in spoken discourse determined by the extralinguistic context. The author argues that that the choice of prosodic means depends on a variety of contextual parameters: speaker-audience relationships (reflected in the tenor of discourse), the speaker’s rhetorical competence, method of delivery, rhetorical tradition and others. The observations made in the paper may be useful to develop expertise in the delivery of academic public presentations which is an important aspect of EFL teachers’ professional training.
Teacher Corrective Oral Feedback in the Classroom
Authors: Pfanner Nasy Inthisone
Published: April 2017

The article reports on a study of teacher corrective oral feedback in Iris Becker Elementary School, a public school serving pupils from kindergarten-5th grade in Dearborn, Michigan. Some researchers claim that teacher corrective oral feedback is beneficial to L2 learning while others discard its merit. This study is an attempt to explore this topic further with young learners. The method used in the study included one classroom observation. The participants included one mainstream classroom teacher and about 25 students. The results show high teacher corrective oral feedback.
Semantic and Cognitive Structure of Emotion States Love, Lust, Infatuation, Passion
Authors: Lavrova Nataliya
Published: April 2017

Conceptualization of emotions, especially those which are neither universal nor elementary, is a contested area of cognitive linguistic research. The present paper investigated the semantic and conceptual structure of four emotion states of the thematic field ‘romantic relationship’: love, lust, infatuation, and passion. The specific questions asked in the paper are as follows. First, what are the similarities and dissimilarities between these emotion states? Second, in what way does the conceptualization presented in dictionaries depart from conceptualization that emerges through corpus investigation? Finally, which of the conceptual metaphors posited for emotion concepts by G. Lakoff and M. Johnson are most entrenched in the collective and individual consciousness of speakers of English? To answer these questions, the advantages of four methods were tapped into: introspection, definitional analysis, a native speaker survey and corpus study. Findings reveal that dictionary definitions of love, lust, infatuation, and passion offer an impoverished, if credible, insight into the conceptual structure of these emotions. Results are suggestive of some specific conceptual elements which should be taken account of in a classroom setting by language instructors and L2 learners and indicate which appropriate collocations are to be taken heed of by dictionary compilers.
Taking a MOOC: Socio-cultural Aspects of Virtual Interaction In a Multicultural Learning Community
Authors: Pavlovskaya Galina , Perkins Molly
Published: April 2017

Featuring different approaches to Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) among education policy makers, theorists and practitioners in the field and highlighting an increasing popularity of this educational phenomenon worldwide, the article provides a brief record of MOOCs’ success at Harvard University and the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE) making the authors move gradually towards the main focus of this paper – socio-cultural problems, that Russian students frequently face while taking a MOOC in English. The survey described in the article revealed that HSE students establishing online communication with their peers from other countries often complain about sudden, unexpected communication breakdowns that they find difficult to explain and that are likely to occur due to the socio-cultural differences existing between communication partners in a multicultural learning community. The results of the survey presented in the article indicate that there is an urgent need to find effective ways to increase the students’ level of socio-cultural competence that would allow them to communicate successfully in a new virtual learning environment.
Historical and Symbolic Aspects of Linguistic Representation of the World
Authors: Ganyushina Margarita
Published: April 2017

The article is an attempt to offer a theoretical understanding of the notion of a “Linguistic world-image” (LWI) within symbolic contexts as represented in the current literature, define the symbol’s features, its influence on LWI in historic perspective, and investigate its functioning within idioms or metaphors. We have undertaken the review of previous LWI investigations and, as the methodological basis of our research, we have used ethno-semantic and linguistic-philosophical approaches to language; specifically, the method of multiple etymology, introduced by V. N. Toporov and developed by M.M. Makovsky, which permitted us to identify the correlation of LWI with linguistic signs as a carrier of symbolic meaning. It should be noted that studying symbolic language properties and linguistic signs within the linguistic world-image, which were not taken into account before, is conductive to a more profound comprehension of the correlation between language, culture, and mutual understanding index in the intercultural communication process.The LWI concept is considered as a subjective-objective dynamic multilevel construct, which presents its primary features through a lexical-semantic language system within a world and national culture formed as a result of the reflection of sensorial perception, facts, understanding and estimation of the objective phenomena in national linguistic consciousness, in the experience of correlation of language concepts, images and symbols throughout the cultural historical development of the language. Therefore, two approaches to studying LWI are evident - cognitive and cultural-philosophical - which are not so much conflicting as mutually reinforcing.
A Comparative Analysis of Temporal Structure of English Poetic Texts for Adults and Children
Authors: Denisova Nataliya , Yusipova Dinara
Published: April 2017

Poetry has always been under the focus of scholars’ attention, though the problem of performing a comparative analysis of children’s and adults’ poetry has not received enough attention yet. The study undertaken is aimed to fill in this gap and provide the analysis of English poetry for adults and children with the attempt to identify some grammatical peculiarities of the corresponding poetic texts. The scope of the texts for examination is limited to English poetry of the nineteenth – twentieth centuries focused on the animal theme. The analysis of the temporal structure of the texts selected was based on the method elaborated by Ludmila Nozdrina in her work “Poetics of grammar categories” (2004). The results of the study have proved the hypothesis stated: there are some differences in temporal structuring of the nineteenth–twentieth century poetic English texts focused on the animal theme. The main difference lies in targeting the poem: whether it appeals to adults or children. The current study contains quantitative information on the usage of certain grammatical phenomena within the texts analyzed, and the attempts of their interpretations. Consequently, the study might be of particular interest for those scholars who do research on differentiating grammatical peculiarities of poetry in general and drawing differences between children’s and adults’ poetry, in particular.