bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DUNYO GLOBALLASHUVIDA QO'SH TILLILIK MUAMMOSI
Authors: N.N. Anvarova
Published: November 2024

Maqolada globallashuvning ikki tillilik holatiga ta'siri masalasi ko'rib chiqiladi, texnologik taraqqiyotning shaxsning til va madaniy tomoniga salbiy oqibatlari masalasiga to'xtalib o'tadi. Aralash ikki tillilikning lingvistik yaxlitligini buzish muammosining keskin yechimining paydo bo'lishi solishtirma va qiyosiy o'qitish yondashuvlari orqali mumkin bo'ladi. Olim va tadqiqotchilarning aniq misollari orqali globallashgan dunyo sharoitida bu usullardan maqbul foydalanish asoslab berilgan. Bundan tashqari, taqqoslash va kontrast metodologiyasidan foydalanishning muvaffaqiyati nafaqat lingvistik, balki shaxsning madaniy rivojlanishida ham isbotlangan.

В статье рассматривается влияние глобализации на состояние двуязычия, затрагивается вопрос негативного влияния технического прогресса на языковую и культурную сторону личности. Формирование острого решения проблемы разрушения языковой целостности смешанного двуязычия становится возможным посредством сравнительно-сопоставительного подхода к обучению. На конкретных примерах ученых и исследователей обосновывается оптимальность использования этих методов в условиях глобализации мира. Кроме того, доказывается успешность использования методологии сравнения и противопоставления не только в языковом, но и в культурном развитии личности.

The article examines the impact of globalization on the state of bilingualism, touching upon the issue of the negative impact of technical progress on the linguistic and cultural side of the individual. The formation of an acute solution to the problem of the destruction of the linguistic integrity of mixed bilingualism becomes possible through comparative and contrastive approaches to teaching. Through specific examples of scientists and researchers, the optimality of using these methods in the context of globalization of the world is substantiated. In addition, the success of using the methodology of comparison and contrast not only in linguistic, but also in the cultural development of the individual is proven.
Rainwater Harvesting Approach at Daffodil International University (DIU) Campus
Authors:   District Level Coordinator (Individual Consultant National), Hasan Abu , Islam Md Mazharul ,   Graduate researcher, Civil Engineering, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC, United States
Published: November 2024

Dhaka city faces significant challenges related to water scarcity and urban waterlogging, driven by rapid urbanization, overpopulation, and inadequate water management systems. This study explores the feasibility and implementation of Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) systems as a sustainable solution to mitigate these issues. Using Daffodil Tower as a case study, the analysis focused on hydrological data, building design trends, and optimal tank dimensions and locations for storage and recharge. Results indicate that RWH can provide a reliable supplementary water source, with annual rooftop runoff estimated at 2211.3 m³, supporting up to 16 days of water demand under the Rationing Method (RM). A tank with a capacity of 9942.1 m³ was proposed, designed to integrate seamlessly into the campus environment. Additionally, the study highlighted the importance of recharge structures and logical water distribution methods to maximize system efficiency. These findings confirm the economic and environmental feasibility of incorporating RWH systems in urban settings like Dhaka, offering a sustainable pathway to address the city's pressing water challenges.
Contenido de Clorofila y la Capacidad Antioxidante del Berro (Nasturtium Officinale R. Br.) Mediante la Extracción Asistida por Ultrasonido
Authors: Palma-Orozco Gisela , Navarro-Salazar J. Vanessa , Casteleyro-Muñoz Ma. Guadalupe , Orozco-Álvarez Carlos
Published: November 2024

El berro presenta principios activos; la clorofila, el pigmento verde de las plantas, es considerada
como antioxidante por sus características y beneficios a la salud. Las tecnologías emergentes han sido
evaluadas para potencializar la concentración de compuestos bioactivos de las plantas. El objetivo fue evaluar
la concentración de clorofila, fenoles totales (FT) y actividad antioxidante (AC) en el berro usando la extracción
convencional (macelación) y el ultrasonido. El etanol se utilizó a concentraciones de 0 (agua), 30, 50 y 80%.
La maceración y el ultrasonido se trabajaron a condiciones diferentes de temperaturas y tiempos. En los
resultados se observó que el ultrasonido fue el mejor método de extracción que la maceración: clorofila con
etanol al 80% (25 ºC, 30 min), FT al 50% (25 ºC, 60 min), AC 30% (25 ºC, 45 min). La tecnología de ultrasonido
puede ser considerada como técnica promisoria para incrementar la concentración de compuestos bioactivos.
Creation of a Uric Acid Crystal Predictor with a Neural Network for Crystalluria Detection
Authors: Carreño Durán Luis Ramón , Rivera Escarcega Alba Laura , Hernández Olicón Aura Patricia , Cerna Cortes Jorge , Franco Vadillo Antonio , Gómez Santiago Fabián , Hernández Santiago Juan Carlos
Published: November 2024

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are a type of deep learning algorithm that has demonstrated excellent
results in image classification and recognition tasks, enabling automation. In the context of crystaluria, they are used
to analyze microscopic images of crystals present in urine. This automated approach presents several advantages over
traditional methods of crystal identification in urine. Firstly, it reduces dependence on the observer’s experience and
skill, minimizing diagnostic errors. Additionally, automated identification saves time and resources, allowing for faster
and more efficient analysis of clinical samples.
The proposed methodology involves collecting a large number of images of crystals of different types, labeling them,
and subsequently training the network to recognize distinctive patterns among them. An accuracy of 83.3% was achieved
by subjecting the previously trained algorithm to a bank of 100 images of different urinary crystals, a figure that can be
improved by subjecting the designed neural network to more rigorous training.
Diseño racional de antivirales: Nuevo paradigma en el desarrollo de fármacos contra la resistencia antiviral
Authors: Méndez Tenorio Alfonso , Zúñiga Lerma Alma Estefanía del Mar , Olivera Reyes Antonio , Puga Galván Luis Enrique , Bravo Madrigal Jorge
Published: November 2024

El diseño de fármacos antivirales presenta importantes desafíos para la humanidad, la constante selección
de nuevas variantes virales, muchas de ellas resistentes ya sea al sistema inmunitario o los medicamentos disponibles
para combatirlos, representa un importante reto. Las herramientas bioinformáticas están jugando un papel clave en
el desarrollo de nuevas moléculas candidatas a tratamientos, los procedimientos actuales han permitido descubrir
la utilidad de diversos fármacos para tratar enfermedades, para los cuales, en principio no fueron diseñados, no
obstante, y a pesar de existir bases de datos con millones de moléculas desarrolladas, no siempre se tendrá la garantía
de encontrar alguna útil. Por otra parte, la creciente implementación de técnicas como la inteligencia artificial y
las mejoras en la capacidad computacional recientemente han permitido advertir que puede ser factible el cambiar
los paradigmas en el diseño de fármacos, y lograr obtener nuevas moléculas capaces de ejercer actividad antiviral.
Esta revisión pretende mostrar algunas de las etapas importantes en el desarrollo de nuevos fármacos desde una
perspectiva racional, así como las herramientas bioinformáticas que apoyan estos esfuerzos y la aplicación de las
incipientes técnicas de inteligencia artificial utilizadas en el diseño de fármacos.
Variceal Bleeding a Predictor of Mortality in Patient Admitted with Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Shah Syed Nadir , Rehman Moneeb Ur , Khan Hasil , Mansoor Javeria , Rehman Fazal ur , Manzoor Rida , Kakar Sana Ullah
Published: November 2024

This study aims to assess the risk of mortality in cirrhotic patients with acute variceal bleeding at a tertiary care hospital. Variceal bleeding is a common and life-threatening complication in liver cirrhosis, significantly contributing to early mortality. The study utilized a cohort design with 128 patients, divided into two groups: those with acute variceal bleeding (exposed) and those without (unexposed). Baseline clinical data, including Child-Pugh and MELD scores, were collected. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Key findings include a mean age of 55.7 ± 22.1 years, with 52.8% males and 56.3% from rural areas. The average Child-Pugh score was 10.1 ± 3.2, and the mean MELD score was 24.1 ± 10.1. The frequency of hematemesis and melena as presenting complaints was evenly split at 50%. Mortality was observed in 49.2% of the patients with variceal bleeding. Statistical analysis using chi-square tests revealed a significant association between variceal bleeding and increased mortality (p < 0.05). Confounding factors such as age, gender, and comorbid conditions were controlled through stratification, with relative risk calculations confirming the elevated mortality risk. This study highlights the critical need for timely interventions in cirrhotic patients with variceal bleeding and underscores the importance of comprehensive management strategies to reduce mortality in this high-risk population.
Outcome of Manifestation and sign of pneumonia in children under five years of age
Authors: Zakir ullah Dr
Published: November 2024

Objective: Acute infectious diseases such as pneumonia can be brought on by bacteria, viruses, or fungi and harm the lung parenchyma. It continues to be the world's top cause of death for children under five. Immunizations, a balanced diet, and a reduction in environmental stressors can all help with prevention. Early discovery, appropriate care, and prompt hospital admission are essential for treating this illness with low-tech, accessible therapies.
Methods: With ethical consent, a case series study was carried out in the pediatric department of District Kohat Hospital from August 2023 to February 2024. Informed consent was obtained from the parents of 139 study participants. SPSS version 24 was used for the data analysis process.
Results: Lethargy was the most prevalent clinical symptom (23.74%), while cyanosis was the least common (2.87%). Men experienced greater effects than women (59% vs. 41%). The vaccination rate for the first dosage was the lowest (28%) and the non-vaccination rate was the highest (44%).
Conclusion: Health planners must emphasize filling in the gaps in the EPI schedule by using media like radio, television, and newspapers.
A Comparative Analysis of Total Thyroidectomy and Lobectomy as Surgical Approaches in Patients Undergoing Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Fazliwadud Dr
Published: November 2024

Background: Many surgical procedures are required for thyroid diseases, with total thyroidectomy and lobectomy emerging as the two main techniques. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between clinical and demographic factors and the surgical management option selected for patients having thyroid surgery.
Methodology: Patients who had thyroid surgery were categorized into groups for complete thyroidectomy and lobectomy based on a retrospective analysis. Age, gender, BMI, place of residence, length of stay, hospital stay, and comorbidities such ischemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus were among the factors looked at. Chi-square tests were used to examine the relationships between these variables and the type of operation, and p-values were computed.
Result: Age, BMI, length of hospital stay, and diabetes mellitus did not significantly differ between the groups receiving total thyroidectomy and lobectomy, according to the research. Nonetheless, there was a tendency towards significance in terms of gender, with more men having complete thyroidectomies. Living in a rural area was significantly correlated with having a lobectomy, and being in the 1-3 month range was significantly correlated with having a total thyroidectomy. There was a trend towards significance in ischemic heart disease, indicating a possible correlation with the kind of surgery.
Conclusion: The parameters impacting the decision between a lobectomy and a complete thyroidectomy are clarified by this study. Gender, residence, duration, and ischemic heart disease showed significant relationships, while age, BMI, hospital stay, and diabetes mellitus did not significantly influence the decision. Additional investigation into these patterns may lead to more individualized surgical approaches for thyroid conditions, improving clinical judgment in thyroid surgery and improving patient outcomes.
Kewirausahaan Sebagai Pola Misi Kristen yang Humanis dan Perannya dalam Memenghidupkan Mahasiswa-Mahasiswa di Fakultas Teologi UKIT
Authors: Runtuwene Wiliam Morgan , Ratag Linda Patricia
Published: November 2024

Artikel ini membahas tentang kewirausahaan yang berlandaskan misi kiristen di area lingkungan fakultas teologi, dengan hal ini agar mampu mengasah skil dan talenta yang dimiliki oleh mahasiswa yang mampu berwirausaha demi membantu perekonomian dalam studi. Hal ini dikarenakan ada banyak mahasiswa yang mau berwirausaha atau menjalankan bisnis kecil diarea kampus fakultas teologi belum berjalan dengan baik karena kurangnya pengalaman dalam berwirausaha, masih merasa malu dan takut berinteraksi dengan sesama. Kemudian dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, yang mampu mengkaji hasil penelitian di lapangan dan mengkaji beberapa hal yang terangkum dalam masalah-masalah yang ada. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam tulisan ini untuk membuat mahasiswa yang ada di fakultas teologi membangun niat menjalankan wirausaha dengan berlandaskan nilai-nilai Kristen, guna menjadi pelajaran pertama dalam pelayan Tuhan untuk menjadi pemimpin gereja yang mandiri, dan mampu membangun sumberdaya pada jemaat ketika menjadi pendeta.
PERINGATAN SUPAYA JANGAN MURTAD: Kajian Hermeneutik Ibrani 5:11-14-6:1-8 dan Relevansinya Bagi Jemaat GMIM Imanuel Laikit
Authors: Tintingon Angel Ribka , Tewu Peggy Sandra
Published: November 2024

Artikel ini membahas tentang peringatan supaya tidak murtad dan menekankan betapa pentingnya kedewasaan rohani dalam memperkuat iman dan menolak godaan dosa. Jemaat modern dihadapkan pada tantangan serupa seperti jemaat yang ditulis dalam kitab Ibrani, yaitu godaan untuk meninggalkan iman karena berbagai alasan seperti penganiayaan, kebingungan teologis, atau godaan dosa. Peringatan ini juga menegaskan tentang karakter Allah yang adil dan kudus, yang akan memberikan hukuman yang adil bagi mereka yang sengaja meninggalkan iman. Jemaat modern dipanggil untuk bertahan dalam iman mereka, tidak tergoda untuk meninggalkan iman meskipun diperhadapkan dengan tekanan atau kesulitan. Peringatan keras tentang bahaya meninggalkan iman setelah mengetahui kebenaran, Analogi tentang tanah yang menyerap hujan, menghasilkan tanaman yang bermanfaat atau berduri, menunjukkan pilihan antara keselamatan atau kebinasaan. Jemaat diajak untuk menghindari godaan murtad dengan memperdalam hubungan mereka dengan Tuhan dan hidup sesuai dengan ajaran-Nya.
Anatomy of the saphenous nerve, its branches within the adductor canal, and its relationship with clinical implications during ACL reconstruction
Authors: Gousopoulos Lampros , Barrera Uso Marc , Vakharia Ajit M , Cucurulo Thomas , Peltier Emilie , Vieira Thais Dutra , Sonnery-Cottet Bertrand
Published: November 2024

Purpose: The saphenous nerve lies in close proximity to the hamstrings and is at risk of injury during autologous grafting. This study aims to describe the potential risk of surgical injury to the saphenous branches during a classic HT harvesting with a stripper and to evaluate the efficacity of the diffusion of methylene blue infiltration into the adductor canal from a single retrograde injection from the hamstring tendon (HT) harvesting site.

Methods: Eighteen frozen cadaveric lower limbs from nine cadavers were selected for surgical dissection. The study was divided into two separate procedures:

1) Surgical dissection and detailed anatomic description of the saphenous nerve and its branches was performed.

2) Methylene blue infiltration was performed from the harvesting site of the hamstring tendons followed by dissection to evaluate the diffusion of methylene blue to the saphenous nerve and its branches.

Results: The direct visualization of the sartorial branch of the saphenous nerve (SBSN) was reproducible during HT harvesting, minimizing the risk of its iatrogenic damage.

Additionally, nine limbs were infiltrated with 20cc of methylene blue prior to dissection. The dissemination limits of the nine cadavers included the saphenous nerve and its two main branches, whether the division was in the adductor canal or downstream at the adductor hiatus, in all cases (100%). The upper limit of diffusion was located at an average of 17 cm from the medial tibial condyle, at the level of the fascia between the vastus medialis and the adductor longus muscle. The femoral vascular bundle, the saphenous nerve and the medial aspect of the vastus medialis were stained with methylene blue in all cases.

Conclusion: Direct visualization of the SBSN branch of the saphenous nerve, close to the HT expansions, must be recognized and appreciated to limit iatrogenic injury. Also, infiltration of the adductor canal via the hamstring donor site during autologous HT harvesting leads to diffusion to the saphenous nerve and its main branches which can be utilized intraoperatively with local anesthetic for reliable post operative pain control.

Level of Evidence: Level IV.

Keywords: ACL reconstruction, analgesia, FNB, postoperative pain, saphenous nerve, cadaver
الترجمة الآلية وأنموذج الترجمة إلى العربية: المشهد الراهن
Authors: حليمي صونيا أسمهان
Published: November 2024

انتشرت الترجمة الآلية العصبية مع ظهور التقانة الذكية، وشاع معها مفهوم الذكاء الاصطناعي في الترجمة، وقد كانت اللغة العربية ضِمْنَ اللغات المعالَجة آليًّا، وتحسَّن الأداء بغزارة البيانات المتداوَلة بالعربية على الشابكة، ولكن يتحرَّى البحث بيان مدى جدارة اللغة العربية المستعملة على الشابكة من حيث السلامة اللغوية، إذ تتغذَّى التقانة الذكية من البيانات الخام التي تُضخُّ يوميًّا في المنتديات والمدوَّنات والشبكات الاجتماعية والمواقع الحاسوبية، وكُلُّ خطأ تحتويه يتكرَّر عند المعالجة، ويثبت على حالِهِ ما لم يُصحَّح، لذا لا بُدَّ من أن يكون العمل على حضور اللغة العربية على الشابكة أولويةً قصوى، وأن تتميَّز البيانات المنشورة بالسلامة اللغوية، وأن تحفَّز دراسات علمية مُنتظمة ترصُد استعمال اللغة العربية، وتقيِّم السلامة اللغوية، وتحدِّد سياقات استعمال الترجمة الآلية ومجالاته، ووَقْعَها على اللغة العربية على الشابكة، فذلك يؤدي إلى ضمان صيانة اللغة العربية، ومواكبتها التقدم التقاني الراهن.
تحديات تدريس اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها في الجامعات الكندية
Authors: صخري عقيلة
Published: November 2024

العربية من اللغات التي حقَّقت انتشارًا واسعًا في كُلِّ أصقاع المعمورة، لتُصنَّف في المرتبة الرابعة للُّغات الأكثر تداوُلاً في العالم، بعد الإنكليزية والصينية والهندية، ويتحدَّث بها أكثرُ من نصفِ مليار إنسان، وحديثُنا عنها يقودنا إلزامًا إلى الحديث عن الثقافة العربية، إذ لا يمكن الفصلُ بَيْنَهما، ونظرًا إلى المكانة الراقية التي تحظى بها العربية وثقافتها يُقبل كثير من غيرِ الناطقين بها على دراستها لأسباب عدَّة، مما جَعَلَ جامعات أمريكا الشمالية بعامة، وكندا بخاصة، تُقدِّم دروسًا للُّغة والثقافة العربية، ولكن تواجِهُ تدريس العربية لغيرِ الناطقين بها في الجامعات الكندية تحديات بالنسبة إلى المدرِّس والدارس، تتعلق باللغة في ذاتها، منها التحديات اللغوية، والتحديات الاجتماعية الثقافية، وتحديات الكفاية الثقافية في تصميم مناهج تدريس العربية لغيرِ الناطقين بها، وتحديات تدريس الأدب العربي لغيرِ الناطقين بالعربية، وغيرها من التحديات، ومن ثم يحاول هذا البحث الإبانة عن جميع تلك التحديات في سبيل التوصُّل إلى جملة من التوصيات تخصُّ أهمَّ حلقتين في تدريس العربية لغيرِ الناطقين بها، أي المدرِّس والدارس، وذلك بهدف الارتقاء بهذه المهمة، مع تذليل التحديات التي تعترضها من خلال التركيز على الأهداف، والمناهج، وطُرُقِ التدريس والتقييم.
“We’re less noticeable to people”
Authors: Bernier Alexe
Published: November 2024

In recent years, there has been significant attention paid to girls who are engaged in activism. When we look at who has been recognized for their activism, however, mainstream exposure to girl activists has primarily included teenagers and youth. Girls of the tweenhood age, for example, are also engaged in activism but their efforts go largely unnoticed or face patronization. Instead of being taken seriously, the activism of many tween girls is: (1) clouded by the constructed inherent innocence of childhood, (2) entangled with the construction of (white) tween girlhood as a time of frivolity and fun, and (3) marginalized due to the adult-centric nature of citizenship in Canada and the United States. As the very structures that would traditionally allow for adults to make their voices heard are not designed for the equitable participation of children, tween girls are required to participate in creative ways. This article, therefore, frames tween girls’ activism as citizenship and offers opportunities to both reconsider and validate these varied activist practices as legitimate democratic participation. Tween girls are already shaping their social, cultural, and political worlds, asserting that they belong and deserve to be seen, heard, and taken seriously. The lenses of societal and feminist responses need to be reoriented and refocused to see it.
Temporal dynamics analysis reveals that concurrent working memory load eliminates the Stroop effect through disrupting stimulus-response mapping
Authors: Li Yafen , Lin Yixuan , Li Qing , Chen Yongqiang , Li Zhifang , Chen Antao
Published: November 2024

Concurrent verbal working memory task can eliminate the color-word Stroop effect. Previous research, based on specific and limited resources, suggested that the disappearance of the conflict effect was due to the memory information preempting the resources for distractors. However, it remains unclear which particular stage of Stroop conflict processing is influenced by working memory loads. In this study, electroencephalography (EEG) recordings with event-related potential (ERP) analyses, time-frequency analyses, multivariate pattern analyses (MVPA), and representational similarity analyses (RSA) were applied to provide an in-depth investigation of the aforementioned issue. Subjects were required to complete the single task (the classical manual color-word Stroop task) and the dual task (the Sternberg working memory task combined with the Stroop task), respectively. Behaviorally, the results indicated that the Stroop effect was eliminated in the dual-task condition. The EEG results showed that the concurrent working memory task did not modulate the P1, N450, and alpha bands. However, it modulated the sustained potential (SP), late theta (740-820 ms), and beta (920-1040 ms) power, showing no difference between congruent and incongruent trials in the dual-task condition but significant difference in the single-task condition. Importantly, the RSA results revealed that the neural activation pattern of the late theta was similar to the response interaction pattern. Together, these findings implied that concurrent working memory task eliminated the Stroop effect through disrupting stimulus-response mapping.
How cancer-associated fibroblasts promote T-cell exclusion in human lung tumors: a physical perspective
Authors: Ackermann Joseph , Bernard Chiara , Sirven Philemon , Salmon Hélène , Fraldi Massimiliano , Ben Amar Martine
Published: November 2024

The tumor stroma is a tissue composed primarily of extracellular matrix, fibroblasts, immune cells, and vasculature. Its structure and functions, such as nutrient support and waste removal, are altered during malignancy. Tumor cells transform fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblasts, which have an important immunosuppressive activity on which growth, invasion, and metastasis depend. These activated fibroblasts prevent immune cell infiltration into the tumor nest, thereby promoting cancer progression and inhibiting T-cell-based immunotherapy. To understand these complex interactions, we measure the density of different cell types in the stroma using immunohistochemistry techniques on tumor samples from lung cancer patients. We incorporate these data, and also known information on cell proliferation rates and relevant biochemical interactions, into a minimal dynamical system with few parameters. A spatio-temporal approach to the inhomogeneous environment explains the cell distribution and fate of lung carcinomas. The model reproduces that cancer-associated fibroblasts act as a barrier to tumor growth, but also reduce the efficiency of the immune response. The final outcome depends on the parameter values for each patient and leads to either tumor invasion, persistence or eradication as a result of the interplay between cancer cell growth, T-cell cytotoxic activity and fibroblast attraction, activation and spatial dynamics. Our conclusion is that a wide spectrum of scenarios exists as a result of the competition between the characteristic times of cancer cell growth and the activity rates of the other species. Nevertheless, distinct trajectories and patterns allow quantitative predictions that may help in the selection of new therapies and personalized protocols.
Hierarchical Bayesian modeling of multi-region brain cell count data
Authors: Dimmock Sydney , Exley Benjamin MS , Moore Gerald , Menage Lucy , Delogu Alessio , Schultz Simon R , Warburton E Clea , Houghton Conor , O’Donnell Cian
Published: November 2024

We can now collect cell-count data across whole animal brains quantifying recent neuronal activity, gene expression, or anatomical connectivity. This is a powerful approach since it is a multi-region measurement, but because the imaging is done post-mortem, each animal only provides one set of counts. Experiments are expensive and since cells are counted by imaging and aligning a large number of brain sections, they are time-intensive. The resulting datasets tend to be under-sampled with fewer animals than brain regions. As a consequence, these data are a challenge for traditional statistical approaches. We demonstrate that hierarchical Bayesian methods are well suited to these data by presenting a ‘standard’ partially-pooled Bayesian model for multi-region cell-count data and applying it to two example datasets. For both datasets the Bayesian model outperformed standard parallel t-tests. Overall, the Bayesian approach’s ability to capture nested data and its rigorous handling of uncertainty in under-sampled data can substantially improve inference for cell-count data.
Dopamine activity encodes the changing valence of the same stimulus in conditioned taste aversion paradigms
Authors: Loh Maxine K , Hurh Samantha , Bazzino Paula , Donka Rachel M , Keinath Alexandra T , Roitman Jamie D , Roitman Mitchell F
Published: November 2024

Mesolimbic dopamine encoding of non-contingent rewards and reward-predictive cues has been well established. Considerable debate remains over how mesolimbic dopamine responds to aversion and in the context of aversive conditioning. Inconsistencies may arise from the use of aversive stimuli that are transduced along different neural paths relative to reward or the conflation of responses to avoidance and aversion. Here, we made intraoral infusions of sucrose and measured how dopamine and behavioral responses varied to the changing valence of sucrose. Pairing intraoral sucrose with malaise via injection of lithium chloride (LiCl) caused the development of a conditioned taste aversion (CTA), which rendered the typically rewarding taste of sucrose aversive upon subsequent re-exposure. Following CTA formation, intraoral sucrose suppressed the activity of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons (VTA
DA
) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) dopamine release. This pattern of dopamine signaling after CTA is similar to intraoral infusions of innately aversive quinine and contrasts with that to sucrose when it was novel or not paired with LiCl. Dopamine responses were negatively correlated with behavioral reactivity to intraoral sucrose and predicted home cage sucrose preference. Further, dopamine responses scaled with the strength of the CTA, which was increased by repeated LiCl pairings and weakened through extinction. Thus, the findings demonstrate differential dopamine encoding of the same taste stimulus according to its valence, which is aligned to distinct behavioral responses.
Cancers adapt to their mutational load by buffering protein misfolding stress
Authors: Tilk Susanne , Frydman Judith , Curtis Christina , Petrov Dmitri A
Published: November 2024

In asexual populations that don’t undergo recombination, such as cancer, deleterious mutations are expected to accrue readily due to genome-wide linkage between mutations. Despite this mutational load of often thousands of deleterious mutations, many tumors thrive. How tumors survive the damaging consequences of this mutational load is not well understood. Here, we investigate the functional consequences of mutational load in 10,295 human tumors by quantifying their phenotypic response through changes in gene expression. Using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), we find that high mutational load tumors up-regulate proteostasis machinery related to the mitigation and prevention of protein misfolding. We replicate these expression responses in cancer cell lines and show that the viability in high mutational load cancer cells is strongly dependent on complexes that degrade and refold proteins. This indicates that the upregulation of proteostasis machinery is causally important for high mutational burden tumors and uncovers new therapeutic vulnerabilities.
The exocyst complex controls multiple events in the pathway of regulated exocytosis
Authors: Suárez Freire Sofía , Perez-Pandolfo Sebastián , Fresco Sabrina Micaela , Valinoti Julián , Sorianello Eleonora , Wappner Pablo , Melani Mariana
Published: November 2024

Eukaryotic cells depend on exocytosis to direct intracellularly synthesized material toward the extracellular space or the plasma membrane, so exocytosis constitutes a basic function for cellular homeostasis and communication between cells. The secretory pathway includes biogenesis of secretory granules (SGs), their maturation and fusion with the plasma membrane (exocytosis), resulting in release of SG content to the extracellular space. The larval salivary gland of Drosophila melanogaster is an excellent model for studying exocytosis. This gland synthesizes mucins that are packaged in SGs that sprout from the trans-Golgi network and then undergo a maturation process that involves homotypic fusion, condensation, and acidification. Finally, mature SGs are directed to the apical domain of the plasma membrane with which they fuse, releasing their content into the gland lumen. The exocyst is a hetero-octameric complex that participates in tethering of vesicles to the plasma membrane during constitutive exocytosis. By precise temperature-dependent gradual activation of the Gal4-UAS expression system, we have induced different levels of silencing of exocyst complex subunits, and identified three temporarily distinctive steps of the regulated exocytic pathway where the exocyst is critically required: SG biogenesis, SG maturation, and SG exocytosis. Our results shed light on previously unidentified functions of the exocyst along the exocytic pathway. We propose that the exocyst acts as a general tethering factor in various steps of this cellular process.
Neural Evidence of Functional Compensation for Fluid Intelligence in Healthy Ageing
Authors: Knights Ethan , Henson Richard N , Morcom Alexa M , Mitchell Daniel J , Tsvetanov Kamen A
Published: November 2024

Functional compensation is a common notion in the neuroscience of healthy ageing, whereby older adults are proposed to recruit additional brain activity to compensate for reduced cognitive function. However, whether this additional brain activity in older participants actually helps their cognitive performance remains debated. We examined brain activity and cognitive performance in a human lifespan sample (N=223) while they performed a problem-solving task (based on Cattell’s test of fluid intelligence) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Whole-brain univariate analysis revealed that activity in bilateral cuneal cortex for hard vs. easy problems increased both with age and with performance, even when adjusting for an estimate of age-related differences in cerebrovascular reactivity. Multivariate Bayesian decoding further demonstrated that age increased the likelihood that activation patterns in this cuneal region provided non-redundant information about the two task conditions, beyond that of the multiple-demand network generally activated in this task. This constitutes some of the strongest evidence yet for functional compensation in healthy ageing, at least in this brain region during visual problem-solving.
Effects of environmental enrichment and caloric restriction on hippocampal changes in early adult rats
Authors: Lee Joo Hee , Kim Youn-Jung
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study used an animal model to examine the effects of environmental enrichment (EE) and caloric restriction (CR) on hippocampal changes in early adulthood in a rat model.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control, EE, and CR groups. After 8 weeks of EE and CR, behavioral, biochemical, and molecular biological assessments were performed. Behavioral tests included the open field test for anxiety-like behavior, the eight-arm radial maze test for spatial learning, and the passive avoidance test for short-term memory. Glucose tolerance was assessed with an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, and the molecular markers associated with neuroinflammation were evaluated.Results: Both EE and CR reduced anxiety-like behaviors, as evidenced by increased time in the central region of the open field test and decreased rearing. However, neither EE nor CR significantly improved short-term memory or spatial learning. Nonetheless, the CR group showed a decrease in eight-arm radial maze completion time, indicating potential for enhanced learning. Both interventions improved glucose tolerance, with lower fasting blood glucose levels in the CR and EE groups. Molecular biological analyses showed that neuroinflammatory markers interleukin-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase were reduced in the EE and CR groups and that Iba-1 had anti-inflammatory effects due to its neuroprotective action.Conclusion: EE and CR were beneficial for emotional and metabolic health in early adult rats due to reductions in anxiety-like behaviors and neuroinflammation with a concomitant improvement in glucose metabolism. However, the effects of these modalities on improving cognitive function were limited, illustrating the need for further research.
Diversity, antibacterial and phytotoxic activities of actinomycetes associated with Periplaneta fuliginosa
Authors: Liu Qihua , Tao Jian , Kan Longhui , Zhang Yinglao , Zhang Shuxiang
Published: November 2024

Background

Insect-associated actinomycetes represent a potentially rich source for discovering bioactive metabolites. However, the diversity, antibacterial and phytotoxic activities of symbiotic actinomycetes associated with Periplaneta fuliginosa have not yet been conducted.

Results

A total of 86 strains of actinomycetes were isolated from the cornicles and intestines of both nymphs and adults of P. fuliginosa. Diversity analysis revealed that the isolated strains were preliminarily identified as 17 species from two genera, and the dominant genus was Streptomyces. A total of 36 crude extracts (60%) obtained from the supernatant of the 60 fermented strains exhibited a potent antibacterial activity against at least one tested pathogenic bacterium. Among these active strains, 27 crude extracts (75%) exhibited phytotoxic activity against the radicle of Echinochloa crusgalli. Furthermore, seven known compounds, including methoxynicotine (1), (3Z,6Z)-3-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-6-(2-methylpropyl) piperazine-2,5-dione (2), XR334 (3), 1-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-naphthoic acid (4), nocapyrone A (5), β-daucosterol (6), and β-sitosterol (7) were isolated from an active rare actinomycete Nocardiopsis sp. ZLC-87 which was isolated from the gut of adult P. fuliginosa. Among them, compound 4 exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Micrococcus tetragenus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae with the zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 14.5, 12.0, 12.5, and 13.0 mm at a concentration of 30 μg/disc, respectively, which was weaker than those of gentamicin sulfate (ZOI of 29.5, 19.0, 18.5, and 24.5 mm). In addition, the compound 4 had potent phytotoxic activity against the radicle of E. crusgalli and Abutilon theophrasti with the inhibition rate of 65.25% and 92.68% at the concentration of 100 μg/mL.

Conclusion

Based on these findings, this study showed that P. fuliginosa-associated actinomycetes held promise for the development of new antibiotic and herbicide resources.
Evaluation of Waste Management Policy in Talumelito Landfill, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia
Authors: Azizah Mutiara , Tahir Arifin , Abdussamad Zuchri
Published: November 2024

Indonesia has been facing problems related to the environment, especially the accumulation of waste. The number of problems in management activities and policy implementation is one of the factors. This study aims to determine and describe the effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness and accuracy of waste management at the Talumelito landfill in Gorontalo Province. This research was conducted in June-September 2024 using a method with triangulation data collection techniques through interviews, documentation and observations. Data analysis was carried out by referring to the opinion of Miles and Huberman, namely data reduction, data display and conclusions. The results showed that waste management is less effective and efficient due to the lack of waste sorters, lack of fuel, not maintained heavy equipment, limited personnel and supervisors causing the desired goals not to be achieved, besides that the lack of budget allocation causes an imbalance between and the increasing amount of community waste and the resulting output. In terms of adequacy and equity, it is considered insufficient, because the availability of an insufficient operational budget requires Talumelito Landfill to reduce the frequency of sanitary landfill waste management which can have a negative impact in the long run, community involvement as partners and efforts to increase employment and improve the economy have not been able to overcome existing problems. In terms of responsiveness, it shows that Talumelito Landfill has been responsive in responding to community complaints by following up on every complaint and facilitating community complaints and suggestions. In terms of accuracy, it shows that the waste management policy at Talumelito Landfill is not optimal because the existing policies have not been able to encourage community participation and the results of waste management at Talumelito Landfill as a whole have not provided significant benefits to the community.
A Checklist of Avifauna in Mukuruthi National Park, The Nilgiris, Southern Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: J Ranjitha , M Pavunraj , R Ramakrishnan , P Murali , Raja S.
Published: November 2024

The present study was carried out from January to June of each year 2022 to 2023 checklist of avifauna in Mukuruthi National Park in the Nilgiris. We have documented 75 bird species across 13 orders and 34 families. Passerine birds(n=45) were more diverse than non-passerine birds (n=30). In the study, several bird species are categorized under various IUCN threat categories only one species is near threatened (Zoothera neilgherriensis) while each of the three species is considered endangered, and vulnerable, and the remaining 68 species are classified as least concern. The present study anticipates that montane grassland and shola forest habitats will serve as critical areas for flora and fauna species, supporting future studies on various aspects of avian ecology.
Model Conversion and Application Framework for Rectangular Aqueduct Superstructures: Integrating Revit and Midas Civil
Authors: Yang Zhi
Published: November 2024

To improve the modeling efficiency of finite element analysis models for rectangular aqueducts based on the BIM information model, this study proposes a model conversion method that integrates Revit software and Midas Civil. By accessing the attribute information stored in the structural component objects of the BIM model, the finite element modeling parameters required for structural analysis are obtained. A secondary development program has been established using the C# programming language on the Visual Studio 2022 platform, resulting in the creation of a model interface program (Revit-Midas Civil) that facilitates the conversion of model information. This has saved designers time in constructing finite element models. The feasibility and reliability of the proposed model conversion method have been validated through a multi-girder rectangular aqueduct. The results indicate that the model conversion method successfully transformed structural analysis model information from Midas Civil into Revit model information, significantly enhancing the modeling efficiency and accuracy of rectangular aqueduct structures.
Conjugated Polyvinyl Alcohol Modified SnO2 for Efficient Visible Light Photocatalytic Reduction of Cr(VI)
Authors: Chen Shaojie , Luo Yuanyuan , Xu Yuhan , Chen Ying , Jiang Yinxing , Li Zhao , Tian Lin , Wang Furong , Liu Yuanyuan , Li Jing
Published: November 2024

The photocatalytic activity of tin dioxide (SnO2) is limited due to its inadequate response to the solar spectrum, wide band gap, and low visible light photocatalytic activity. Here, we synthesized conjugated polyvinyl alcohol (CPVA) modified tin dioxide (CPVA/SnO2) through in-situ hydrothermal synthesis and evaluated its performance for photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI). A series of testing and characterization results revealed that CPVA was uniformly coated on the surface of SnO2, forming a mesoporous CPVA/SnO2 heterojunction with enhanced crystallinity and reduced oxygen defects, which resulted in an expanded light absorption range towards the red light region. The reaction rate constant of CPVA/SnO2-A for photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) under visible light (0.060 min-1) was 6 times higher than that of homemade CPVA/TiO2 and 2.87 times higher than that of SnO2 for the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) under UV light (0.0209 min-1). The photocatalytic mechanism indicates that CPVA/SnO2 exhibited significantly enhanced performance under UV-light irradiation by forming a type II heterojunction. When CPVA/SnO2 was exposed to visible light, photogenerated electrons on the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of CPVA were efficiently transferred to the surface of SnO2 through the CPVA/SnO2 heterojunction, reducing electron-hole recombination while also photosensitizing the photocatalyst and promoting efficient photocatalysis under visible light illumination. Ultimately, this process effectively reduces Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
REVOLUÇÃO SEXUAL, FEMINISMO & CONTRACULTURA NA PERSPECTIVA DE ROSE MARIE MURARO EM LIBERTAÇÃO SEXUAL DA MULHER (1970)
Authors: Marcondes de Barros Patrícia
Published: November 2024

Neste trabalho, analisamos a relação entre a Revolução Sexual, o feminismo de segunda onda e o movimento juvenil denominado como  contracultura, abordados na obra Libertação Sexual da Mulher (1970) de Rose Marie Muraro. A autora discute as principais teses feministas que ganharam destaque na Europa Ocidental e nos Estados Unidos, explorando a repressão sexual à luz das ideias de pensadores como Herbert Marcuse, Wilhelm Reich e Norman O. Brown. Essa Revolução Sexual, influenciada por mudanças sociais, políticas, econômicas, tecnológicas e culturais no pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial, moldou uma nova subjetividade, promovendo comportamentos femininos e masculinos inovadores em busca de uma sociedade mais igualitária.
MORTE DE MULHERES NO CEARÁ SOB A PERSPECTIVA DE MILITANTES FEMINISTAS
Authors: Sousa Ingrid Sampaio de , Barros João Paulo Pereira , Nunes Larissa Ferreira , Gonzaga Jamyle Maria de Sousa , Gomes Carla Jéssica de Araújo , Cavalcante Laisa Forte
Published: November 2024

Este artigo visa realizar uma discussão psicossocial sobre o aumento da morte de mulheres nas dinâmicas de conflitualidades urbanas no Ceará, tomando como base o ponto de vista de ativistas feministas de diferentes movimentos sociais que pautam esta problemática. Teoricamente, aliança-se a autoras feministas e interseccionais. Metodologicamente, trata-se de uma pesquisa-inter(in)venção que se operacionalizou por entrevistas semi-estruturadas com seis mulheres militantes de movimentos sociais do Ceará. Dentre os resultados, destaca-se que o aumento da morte de mulheres sofre influência não só da reformulação das dinâmicas criminais, mas também do recrudescimento de discursos neoconservadores, que, junto a aspectos históricos e estruturais coloniais, autorizam a atuação de tecnologias mortíferas genderizadas. Conclui-se que é crucial considerar as intersecções de gênero com outras estruturas de poder ao formular políticas públicas e denunciar a negligência estatal.
CAMINHOS CRUZADOS, VIDAS ENTRELAÇADAS NO ENSINO, PESQUISA E EXTENSÃO DA UFBA: PROEDSEX, GEFIGE E NEIM
Authors: Cruz Izaura Santiago da , Pereira Carvalho Fagundes Tereza Cristina
Published: November 2024

Este artigo celebra os 40 anos do NEIM, apresentando como se desenvolveram as dimensões – ensino, pesquisa e extensão no campo da sexualidade, na Universidade Federal da Bahia, a partir do Programa de Educação Sexual, Grupo de Estudos em Filosofia, Gênero e Educação e o Núcleo de Estudos Interdisciplinares sobre a Mulher. A escrita do texto, foi feita “a quatro mãos”, em um diálogo entre duas pesquisadoras que partem de lugares geográficos e acadêmicos diferentes, mas que se encontram, e atuam colaborativamente em grupos de pesquisa e extensão cujas trajetórias se articulam com o NEIM.
BIXA, TRAVESTY E UMA MÃE EM TRÂNSITO: ARTICULANDO FEMINISMOS POR VIA DO AFETO NA ABORDAGEM TEXTO-VIDA
Authors: Capibaribe Fernanda
Published: November 2024

A partir de pesquisa que aborda narrativas cruzadas, em que imagens e sons, entendidos como tecnologias de gênero interseccionais, interpelam outras formas de construções discursivas, este artigo propõe uma abordagem texto-vida, analisando como o documentário Bixa Travesty atravessa minha condição de mãe de uma jovem em transição de gênero. Para tanto, expresso minha maternidade como mediada, questionada e posta em reflexão a partir do filme. Entro ainda em diálogo com escritos transfeministas, anticoloniais e que demarcam saberes situ(i)ados nos quais proposições intelectuais, estéticas e sensíveis apresentam outros mundos e corporalidades possíveis para além da ciscolonialidade. Através do filme, mas também da textualidade em Viviane Vergueiro e Jota Mombaça, portanto, repenso minha cisnormatividade e ponho em trânsito o sentido da maternidade que exerço.