bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KARAKTERISTIK FISIK DAN TINGKAT BAHAYA EROSI TANAH ULTISOL
Authors: Sudaryono Sudaryono
Published: August 2020

Soil erosion is a major factor leading to cause land damage in the upstream region. Therefore, erosion control should be done in the preservation of land resources and the environment can be maintained and the welfare of farmers can be improved. Land Ultisol widespread in many Kalimatan Islands, ultisol soil types other than guilty of fertility, soil types have the property ultisol easy erosion. As a result of coal mining activities carried out by PT KPC lead to peeling layers of top soil to the depth of rock. This stripping has directly changed the soil condition. Ultisol soil physical conditions in Kalimanan (available water capacity, density lumps, texture, structure, pore space and permeability of the soil) are relatively low, so they need to improve theaddition of organic materials, and lime. The process of reclamation of former coal mining PT. KPC has been done very well. The analysis of fertility levels and the amount of potential soil erosion occurs indicates that the post-miningrehabilitation revegetation way to post-mining land with the procedure referred. It can be seen from the parameters of soil fertility and erosion rates of post-mining land have been rehabilitated (56.5614 erosion rates tons/hectare/year) with areas of pristine forests (erosion rates 52.175 tons/hectare/year) were not show significant changes.Keywords: ultisol, rehabilitation, physical soil, erosion
PENGGUNAAN AIR SUPER KRITIS PADA DEPOLIMERISASI NYLON-12 (BATCH PROCESS)
Authors: Yusman Mohamad
Published: August 2020

Water at the supercritical state is a new process for the chemical recycling. At this thermodynamic state i.e. Pc = 218 atmospheres and Tc = 374oC , water behaves very differently from its everyday temperament and it is a very good solvent for organic components. Experimental studies show that supercritical water can decompose hydrocarbons/polymers and produce useful products like 2-Azacyclotridecanone /lactam-1 from Nylon-12 (batch process). The decomposition process itself was carried out in batch reaction system in order to get more information about product distributions, time dependence, and scale-up possibilities.Keywords: supercritical water, decomposition, batch, polymer, hydrocarbon
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN PULAU GEBE PASCA PENAMBANGAN NIKEL YANG BERKELANJUTAN
Authors: Wibowo Mardi
Published: August 2020

Since 1977 until 2005, PT. ANTAM has been exploited nickel ore resources at Gebe Island â€“ Center of Halmahera District â€“ North Maluku Province. Mining activity not only gives economically advantages, but also causes degradation of environment quality especially land quality. Therefore, it needs evaluation activity for land quality changing at Gebe Island after the mining activity (postmining). For handling Gebe Island after mining activity needs identification of the problems, potential and obstacles as the basic for arranging development strategy of Gebe Island. This research used Focused Group Discussion (FGD) method, desk study and field survey. Base on this research the important think has to be done, are : (a) to make or open new market at surround Gebe Island; (b) development Gebe Island has be base on locally resources and export oriented; (c ) needinvestor as prime mover in Gebe Island; (d) optimize of PT ANTAMâ€™s asset; (e) increase institution coordination and program integration.Key words : sustainable development, post mining
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH JAGUNG MENJADI PUPUK ORGANIK UNTUK PENYUBURAN LAHAN PERTANIAN
Authors: Mulyono Daru
Published: August 2020

The use of maize waste plant materials (stem, leaf, and husk cover) have high economic value to be processed become organic fertilizer for agricultural land fertilizer. Maize have several and quite high contents of macro and micro nutrients. This activity was hoped that the farmers can overcome the increasing price of inorganic fertilizer recently and furthermore farmers can reap higher income. Beside higher income the use of organic fertilizer can improve the nature and behaviourof land through improving of soil chemical, soil physical, and soil microorganism. Therefore, the appropriate technology for processing of maize become organic fertilizer is very important to be diffused or socialized to farmers.Keywords: fertilizer, maize waste
STRATIGRAFI BATUAN DAN KONDISI AKUIFER DI KAWASAN WISATA CANDI BOROBUDUR DAN PRAMBANAN
Authors: Purnama Ig. Setyawan
Published: August 2020

Borobudur and Prambanan Temples are icons of cultural tourism in Central Java and Yogyakarta. Increasing settlement, tourist and new facilities, especilly garden, cause the icreasing of groundwater usage. In the long term, the usage of groundwater that exceed the recharge can cause various impact such as land subsidence that can make damage of temples structure. The objectives of this study are to identify the rock stratigraphy in research area and know thecondition of aquifer and its groundwater potency. To achieve these goals, it is carried out geoelectric sounding in 10 samples point, namely five points in Borobudur Temple and five points in Prambanan Temple. To analyse sounding data, the resistivity data from field sounding are interpreted by Schlumberger Oâ€™Neil Programme. Base on the interpretation, can be determined rock stratigraphy, aquifer condition and qualitative potency estimation of groundwater in the research area. The results showed that the rock stratigraphy in sourrounding Borobudur and Prambanan Temples are different. The area surrounding Borobudur Temple consist of sand, gravel, tuff, lapilli, claystoneand sandstone, whereas in Prambanan are consist of sand, gravel, soil, rock fracture and sand clayed. Aquifer layer in Borobudur area are consist of sand, gravel , tuff and lapilli, whereas in Prambanan area are consist of sand and gravel. Base on its aquifer material, the groundwater potency in Prambanan area is higher than Borobudur area.Key words : rock stratigraphy, aquifer condition.
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PEMILAHAN SAMPAH (Studi Masyarakat Jakarta, Tangerang, Bekasi, Depok)
Authors: Widodo Lestario
Published: August 2020

Act No. 18 of 2008 on Waste Management mandate that the community or household is the beginning of the stage of waste management processes, which make waste separation. Up to know solid waste management in urban area is still a complex problem, either from social, management, or technology aspects. The other problem of solid waste management is due to the people behaviour, which is mostly still unaware. Community respondents do not wish to waste segregation and argued that the waste separation should be done by the government. Seen thatthe awareness for change in how to manage the waste is still low. Local governments still need to continue to disseminate the Act No. 18 of 2008 on Waste Management and provide motivation to the community or households that are willing to segregation waste at the source.Keywords : waste, waste separation, community perception of waste
PERAN TEKNOLOGI DALAM PENGENDALIAN PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP
Authors: Herlambang Arie
Published: August 2020

Basically, nature has the ability to perform the restoration of environmental damage caused by increased human activity, but because of the limited carrying capacity, then the environment has decreased the quality from year to year. In saving the environment, technology plays a role in reducing the risk of pollution, increased efi siensi process, and creating processes and environmentall friendly products, monitoring and prediction of environment quality, environmental pollution control, restoration and environmental improvement. Waste Technology (end of pipe technology) are widely used to cope with environmental pollution, both for liquid waste, solid and air. Waste processing technology developed for the waste can be in accordance with quality standards thathave been established, while monitoring technology has been developed either manually or automatically. For recovery and improvement of technology has been developed remedies and restoration that rely on bacteria in nature.Keywords: end of pipe technology, reuse, recycle, reduce (3R), carrying capacity, and environment pollution
ANALISIS POTENSI SUMBERDAYA LAHAN UNTUK PERENCANAAN PENGEMBANGAN KOMODITAS UNGGULAN PERKEBUNAN DI KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI
Authors: Mubekti Mubekti
Published: August 2020

Land is limited and non-renewable resource, on the other hand, people who need the land for development grow quickly. This paper discuss about the evaluation of land resource for plantation estate development planning in Banyuwangi District. General information regarding to physical environment are presented in order to know an overview of the study area. The Methodology of land suitability classifi cation corresponding to the selected plantation crops are briefl y explained, then, the results of the study are discussed. The study area consist of 9 physiographic spread from the fl at slope near the cost and verysteep slope near the mountain. Based on the land physical evaluation shows that the parent materials of the land are dominated by volcanic and lime stone. The results of the suitability classifi cation indicate that coconut crop could grow well in most of the plain up to undulating area. The land which suitable for coffee, clove and Vanilla cultivation are very small compared to the total of the study area and they are mostly located in the middle of the study area. Limiting factors of land suitability are mainly very diffi cult to upgrade, such us steep slope, soil effective depth, soil porosity, and drainage. In general, Banyuwangi District has a high potency of land for plantation estate extension.Keywords: land suitability, plantation estate, GIS, agriculture
PENINGKATAN NILAI NUTRISI LIMBAH LUMPUR MINYAK SAWIT SEBAGAI PAKAN TERNAK
Authors: Akhadiarto Sindu
Published: August 2020

Indonesia is the largest country that has oil palm plantations, covering 7.3 million ha area (2009), with production of 19.4 million tonnes of crude palm oil (CPO) which is expected to palm oil sludge waste as much as 1.94 million tons/year. Palm oil sludge waste is one alternative to potential animal feed ingredients. The low nutritional value and high fiber content causes palm oil sludge requires special treatment before given to animal. The fermentation process is able to increase the nutritional value of the palm oil sludge, such as increasing levels of crude protein and energy metabolism, and also may reducing content of coarse fiber. This fermentation product can be stored at room temperature for 12 weeks without experiencing significant changes in nutritional value. The usage limit of palm oil sludge which is recommended for poultry is 15%. The optimum limit of palm oil sludge in the diets of goats and sheep is 47% and 40% for cows (in concentrate). The use of rice bran on ruminants can be replace entirely by the palm oil sludge. Fermentation techniques can be done to improve the nutritional value of the palm oil sludge, but this technique needs to be studied economically, such as: during the drying process (because of the high content of LMS), and the quite expensive fermentation. Another technique to minimize costs has been done, for example by utilizing the available energy sources in the plant oil.Keywords: palm oil sludge, nutritive values, ruminant, poultry, fermentation.
PROGRAM â€™KONVERSI MINYAK TANAH KE LPGâ€™ SEBAGAI SUATU TEHNIK PENGURANGAN EMISI
Authors: Suarna Endang
Published: August 2020

The goal of Government Policy on converting the utilization of kerosene to LPG is to reduce kerosene consumption and fuel oil subsidy. As kerosene has higher pollutants and greenhouse gases emissions rather than LPG, the program also has impact on reducing those emissions that would lead to improving indoor air quality. Higher energy efficiency of LPG stove and more reserve production ratio (R/P) of gas can be attributed to the advantages of utilization of LPG. Indirectly, the conversion kerosene to LPG has another impact on reducing illegal blending between gasoline or diesel with kerosene for transportation sector. The program not only has economical advantages, but also has environmental advantages.Key words: LPG, kerosene, fuel oil subsidy, energy efficiency, indoor air quality
STUDY ON PROPAGATION AND GROWTH OF ARROWROOT (Maranta arundinaceae L.) AVAILABILITY IN A DIFFERENT LIGHT CONDITION
Authors: Wawo., dkk Albert H.
Published: August 2020

Study on propagation and growth of arrowroot (Maranta arundinaceae L.) on different availability light condition. Arrowroot is a rhizome herbaceous plant that has potential as carbohydrate resources. The aims of this research are to use rhizome efficiently as material propagation on different availability light condition in order to get the best plant growth and arrowroot production. The research included 2 factors, which were internodes number of rhizome and shading, consisted of 6 combined treatments as factorial with Randomized Complete Design and three repetitions. The result of this research shown that by using 3 internodes of rhizome is the best material for propagation and produced the highest rhizome. The height of arrowroot was higher under shading than without shading. Arrowroot plants without any shading produced the highest fresh weight of rhizome compared to with 30% shading in Bogor condition.keywords: arrowroot, propagation, number of internode, shading.
UTILIZATION OF OLD NUTMEG FLESH WASTE IN MALUKU
Authors: Dumadi Suryatmi Retno
Published: August 2020

Until the end of 2007, nutmeg flesh had been disposed as a waste because it is not harnessed into a valuable product in nutmeg producer area on the island of Ambon and Banda in Maluku. Diversification treatment from nutmeg flesh waste into syrup can provide economical value to the product, and health benefits to those who consume it. Manufacturing process done by using simple apparatus starts from extracting nutmeg liquid, sterilizing nutmeg syrup container, mixing with sugar, bottling, labeling to produce salable nutmeg syrup. The 1:1 ratio of nutmeg liquid to sugar gives good taste and preferred. Extracted flesh waste has been utilized as nutmeg flesh cake by mixing sugar in ratio of 1:1, battering evenly and drying in the sun or a heating oven at temperature of 50 oC to produce tasty nutmeg cake with economical value-added.keywords : nutmeg flesh waste, nutmeg syrup, old nutmeg.
FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF USING BIOGAS RECOVERY FROM PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT
Authors: Dkk Subiyanto
Published: August 2020

The increasing of crude palm oil (CPO) production in Indonesia is followed by the increasing of palm oil mill effluent. Unfortunately, the open system effluent treatment carried out by most of the palm oil mills potentially generates methane gas emission and increases greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere. This study proposes of using methane gas recovery for alternatively flaring and generating electricity, and analyze it in the framework of Clean Development Mechanism. Samples of effluent were taken from the three size of palm oil mills (60, 40, and 30 tonnes per hour of empty fresh bunch) in north Sumatra. The results indicate that capturing methane gasfrom the palm oil mill effluent and using the biogas for generating electricity mainly and flaring the rest will reduce carbon emissions as well as generate the additional income for the palm oil mill business.keywords : POME, methane, carbon emission, generating electricity, feasibility analysis of business
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION COMPOSTING PLAN AT BPPT JAKARTA OFFICE
Authors: Tjahjono., dkk Hendra
Published: August 2020

Waste, both organic and non organic waste generated much cause problems, such as environmental pollution. In large cities waste product per capita ranges between 600- 830 grams per day (Mungkasa, 2004). On the other hand, the city government more difficult to get a processing Waste (landfill). With the launch of Act No. 18 of 2008 on Waste Management in which one important message of the Act is any source of waste should reduce the amount of waste to be disposed to landfill. The results showed that BPPT office waste generation amounted to 0.0108 kg / peg / day or 0002 kg/org/m2/hr paper component composition 59.94% (almost 60%), office space (80.84%), canteen (10.49%), parks (8.67%) and approximately 28.47% of organic material, (Shochib. R,2010). BPPT, as one source of waste from the commercial sector, has reduced the amount of waste that must be disposed of to landfill by utilizing inorganic garbage that still has economic value, while for organic waste, BPPT trying to reduce the amount of waste by processing organic waste into compost, for it will built home composting, which is one place that used to process organic waste into compost. Home composting is designed for a capacity of 1 m3 per week with the long process of 6 weekskeywords: office waste, composting, home composting
MEDICINE HERBS (TOBA) PARK PLANNING IN STRUCTURING PUBLIC HEALHT CENTER (PUSKESMAS)
Authors: Gunarto Anton
Published: August 2020

Medicine Park Herbalia or Toba Puskesmas (Public Health Center) designed in their yards with the goal as a liaison between the human and the natural environment created to meet the spiritual needs (a beautiful atmosphere, secure, peaceful, relaxed, passive recreation, as a means of social and education) and physical needs (as ingredients, versatile, active recreation) for the occupants of Public Health Center or the owner of Toba. Toba can be said to succeed if the owner liked toba extent of the function and aesthetic value in accordance with the principles of design (theme, gradation, contrast, control) which is expressed in design elements (size, shape, texture, color). For simplicity in selecting the elements forming the park and in maintaining the design Toba need appreciation of art and science and technology through the introduction of the factors softscape and hardscape.keywords : medicine herbs park, public healht center (puskesmas)
DESIGN PLANNING WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT OF NATA DE COCO INDUSTRY WITH THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS
Authors: Hartaja Dinda Rita K. , Setiadi Imam
Published: August 2020

Generally, wastewater of nata de coco industry contains suspended solids and COD were high, ranging from 90,000 mg / l. The high level of of the wastewater pollutants, resulting in nata de coco industry can not be directly disposed of its wastewater into the environment agency. Appropriate technology required in order to process the waste water so that the treated water can meet the environmental quality standards that are allowed. Designing the waste water treatment plant that is suitable and efficient for treating industrial wastewater nata de coco is the activated sludge process. Wastewater treatment using activated sludge process of conventional (standard) generally consists of initial sedimentation, aeration and final sedimentation.Keywords : Activated Sludge, Design, IPAL
INCINERATION FOR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE TREATMENT
Authors: Yuliani Manis
Published: August 2020

In order to reduce the accumulation of waste in landfill, incineration technology could becomes one of the solutions. In addition to reduce the volume of waste, the energy generated by incineration process can also be utilized. Plant Incineration consists of four categories process, namely pre-treatment process, combustion process, energy recovery process and flue gas treatment process (Air Pollution Control system). Pre-treatment process is used to increase the average calorific value of waste. Pre-treatment process depends on the type of incinerator used. Combustion process in an incinerator must accommodate the principles of 3 T (temperature, turbulence, time). Process conditions for the type of incinerator grate in accordance with the principle of 3 Tare the waste residence time in the grate less than 60 minutes, gas residence time more than 2 seconds and the gas temperature over 850 C. In the combustion process will produce heat carried by flue gas. The heat will flow into energy recovery process to be utilized. From energy recovery process, flue gas will enter into the APC system to reduce air pollution caused by combustion process.keywords : incinerator, waste, energy recovery
ROLE OF RECYCLING IN INCREASING INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SURABAYA
Authors: Suprapto Suprapto
Published: August 2020

In the affluent countries, the main motivations for waste reduction are frequently related to the high cost and scarcity of sites for landfills, and the environmental degradation caused by toxic materials in the deposited wastes. The same considerations apply to large metropolitan areas in developing countries that are surrounded by other populous jurisdictions. The places that currently do not have significant disposal pressures can still benefit from encouraging waste reduction. Their solid waste departments (Dinas Kebersihan), already overburdened, cannot afford to spend more money and effort on the greater quantities of wastes that will inevitably be produced as consumption levels rise and urban wastes change.Solid waste managers in developing countries tend to pay little attention to the topic of reducing non-organic wastes because the wastes they collect are between 50% to 90% organics, dirt and ashes. These municipal wastes, however, are amenable to composting or digestion, provided they contain very low levels of synthetic materials (see the Composting part of the Sound Practices section). Solid waste departments thus have an interest in promoting diversion of synthetic recyclables from the waste stream. In the affluent countries, the main motivations for waste reduction are frequently related to the high cost and scarcity of sites for landfills, and the environmental degradation caused by toxic materials in the deposited wastes. The same considerations apply to large metropolitan areas in developing countries that are surrounded by other populous jurisdictions. The places that currently do not have significant disposal pressures can still benefit from encouraging waste reduction. Their solid waste departments, already overburdened, cannot afford to spend more money and effort on the greater quantities of wastes that will inevitably be produced as consumption levels rise and urban wastes change.Keywords : Recycling,Solid waste waste management, Schevengers, 3R
Media vs public trust during the pandemic
Authors: Indiyati Diyah , Chotijah Siti , Khusnia Hartin Nur , Muhlis Muhlis
Published: August 2020

The pandemic puts mass media on the main stage in the public spotlight. In the midst of rampant misinformation and disinformation related to the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, the public's expectations for truthfull information are often wrapped in bubbles that make the public even more confused as to which media to trust. Meanwhile, the main role of the mass media, whichis expected to be able to increase public awareness of the pandemic that has occurred, actually leads to a point of view that questioned media trust. This paper analyzes the things that affect public confidence in the media during a pandemic.Keyword: Media, public trust, pandemic
Clinical Significance of Serum Bilirubin in the Diagnosis of Atypical Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Hao Shunxin , Zhao Lisha
Published: August 2020

Objective: To investigate the significance of serum bilirubin in the diagnosis of atypical acute appendicitis. Methods: perform a retrospective analysis of 120 patients with atypical acute appendicitis diagnosed in our hospital from July 2012 to July 2016. All patients underwent routine liver function tests before surgery. Results: 83 patients were confirmed by surgery as acute appendicitis, of which 68 patients had elevated serum total bilirubin and direct bilirubin, and 15 patients were normal; 37 patients were confirmed by surgery as non-acute appendicitis, of which 7 patients had elevated serum total bilirubin and direct bilirubin, and 30 patients were normal. Conclusion: The increase of serum bilirubin level has certain clinical significance for the diagnosis of atypical acute appendicitis.
Simulation of thermal lensing in an end-pumped Nd:YAG laser rod with Gaussian and super-Gaussian pump beam profile
Authors: Abdul-Razzak Mohammed Jalal
Published: August 2020

A numerical simulation is made on the thermal lensing effect in an laser diode end-pumped Nd:YAG laser rod. Based on finite element method (FEM), the laser rod temperature distribution is calculated and the focal length is deduced for a Gaussian and super-Gaussian pump beam profiles.

At the pump power of 20W, the highest temperature located at the center of end-pumped face was 345K, and the thermal lens focal length was 81.4mm along the x-z axis. 

The results indicate that the thermal lensing effect sensitively depend on the pump power, waist radius of the pump beam and the pump distribution in a laser rod geometry.
Strain specificity in antimicrobial activity of non-thermal plasma
Authors: Humud Hammad R.
Published: August 2020

Non-thermal (low-temperature) plasma may act as an alternative approach to control superficial wound and skin infections when the effectiveness of chemical agents is weak due to natural pathogen or biofilm resistance. In this paper an atmospheric pressure plasma needle jet device which generates a cold plasma jet is used to measure the effectiveness of plasma treatment against different pathogenic bacteria and to test the individual susceptibility of pathogenic bacteria to non-thermal argon plasma. It is found that, Gram-negative bacteria were more susceptible to plasma treatment than Gram-positive bacteria. For the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, there were no survivors among the initial 1x108C.F.U (Colony Forming Unit) after a 40 seconds plasma treatment. The susceptibility of Gram-positive bacteria and the Gram-negative bacteria were species and strain specific. Staphylococcus aureus was the most resistant with 4.5 % survival of the initial 2x106C.F.U. after a 40 seconds plasma treatment. According to species, Staphylococcus aureus had a strain-dependent resistance with 39% and 99% reduction from 2x106C.F.U.of the five studied isolates, respectively, whereas, Escherichia coli had a lower resistance with 76% and 99% reduction after 40 seconds.
Study the effect of gamma radiation on the some properties of glass and glass-ceramic immobilize nuclear waste
Authors: Al-Mashhadani Asia H.
Published: August 2020

Vitrifications process one of the important methods to immobilize nuclear waste.  In this research nuclear waste (Strontium Oxides) with molecular weight (5%) was immobilized by vitrification methods in two types of borosilicate glass (c-type) which are glass and glass-ceramics. To investigate the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of glass and glass-ceramic after immobilize nuclear waste these samples irradiated by gamma ray radiation. Co-60 was used as gamma a irradiation with dose rate 0.38 kGy/hr for different period of time. It’s found that gamma radiation affected the glass and glass-ceramic properties. From phase analysis by the x-ray diffraction for glass-ceramic samples proved that at doses 343kGy change the crystalline glass to amorphous glass. A conclusion from these ionization studies is that the limited magnitude of Strontium ion leaching associated with ionization damage does not appear to pose any direct problems for the safe storage of nuclear waste glass.
Effect of annealing temperature and laser pulse energy on the optical properties of CuO films prepared by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Aadim Kadhim A.
Published: August 2020

In this work; copper oxide films (CuO) were fabricated by PLD. The films were analyzed by UV-VIS absorption spectra and their thickness by using profilometer. Pulsed Nd:YAG laser was used for prepared CuO thin films under O2 gas environment with varying both pulse energy and annealing temperature. The optical properties of   as-grown film such as optical transmittance spectrum, refractive index and energy gap has been measured experimentally and the effects of laser pulse energy  and annealing temperature on it were studied. An inverse relationship between energy gap and both annealing temperature and pulse energy was observed.
Temperatture esttiimattiion off EXDRA and SSUMI dwarff Nova systtems from spectroscopic data
Authors: Kadhem Arshed Ali
Published: August 2020

The seasonal behavior of the light curve for selected star SS UMI and EXDRA during outburst cycle is studied. This behavior describes maximum temperature of outburst in dwarf nova. The raw data has been mathematically modeled by fitting Gaussian function based on the full width of the half maximum and the maximum value of the Gaussian. The results of this modeling describe the value of temperature of the dwarf novae star system leading to identify the type of elements that each dwarf nova consisted of.
Magnetic solar surface flux transport simulation
Authors: Abood Loay K.
Published: August 2020

In this paper, the solar surface magnetic flux transport has been simulated by solving the diffusion–advection equation utilizing numerical explicit and implicit methods in 2Dsurface. The simulation was used to study the effect of bipolar tilted angle on the solar flux distribution with time. The results show that the tilted angle controls the magnetic distribution location on the sun’s surface, especially if we know that the sun’s surface velocity distribution is a dependent location. Therefore, the tilted angle parameter has distribution influence.
Temperature effect on optical properties of nickel (ii) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (NiPcTs) organic thin films
Authors: Abdulameer Ameer F.
Published: August 2020

This study describe the effect of temperature on the opticalproperties of nickel(ii) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodiumsalt (NiPcTs) organic thin films which are prepared by spin coatingon indium tin oxide (ITO-glass). The optical absorption spectra ofthese thin films are measured. Present studies reveal that the opticalband gap energies of NiPcTs thin films are dependent on theannealing temperatures. The optical band gap decreases with increasein annealing temperature, then increased when the temperature risingto 473K. To enhance the results of Uv-Vis measurements and getmore accurate values of optical energy gaps; the Photoluminescencespectra of as-deposited and annealed NiPcTs thin films was studied.FTIR measurements for NiPcTs thin films also carried out in thiswork and gave good information about the NiPcTs bonds and itslocations as a compared with H2Pc as a reference.
Satellite image classification using proposed singular value decomposition method
Authors: Kouder Noor Zubair
Published: August 2020

In this work, satellite images for Razaza Lake and the surrounding areadistrict in Karbala province are classified for years 1990,1999 and2014 using two software programming (MATLAB 7.12 and ERDASimagine 2014). Proposed unsupervised and supervised method ofclassification using MATLAB software have been used; these aremean value and Singular Value Decomposition respectively. Whileunsupervised (K-Means) and supervised (Maximum likelihoodClassifier) method are utilized using ERDAS imagine, in order to getmost accurate results and then compare these results of each methodand calculate the changes that taken place in years 1999 and 2014;comparing with 1990. The results from classification indicated thatwater and hills are decreased, while vegetation, wet land and barrenland are increased for years 1999 and 2014; comparable with 1990.The classification accuracy was done by number of random pointschosen on the study area in the field work and geographical data thencompared with the classification results, the classification accuracy forthe proposed SVD method are 92.5%, 84.5% and 90% for years1990,1999,2014, respectivety, while the classification accuracies forunsupervised classification method based mean value are 92%, 87%and 91% for years 1990,1999,2014 respectivety.
Effects of Q-switched Nd: YAG laser irradiation on the aqueous solution of human albumin and calf-thymus double strand DNA (ctds)
Authors: Ali Nida Hassan
Published: August 2020

Q-switched lasers widely used in management skin diseases andsometimes its effect may be inadequate or associated withcytotoxicity. The current study aimed to investigate the effect ofQ-switched Nd:YAG laser upon cellular elements using in vitroexperimental model. Aqueous solutions of human albumin and purecalf thymus double strand deoxyribonucleic acid (ctdsDNA)irradiated with Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at different rates (1, 3 Hz)and time exposure (up to 60 seconds) using 532 nm (400 mJ) and1064 (1200 mJ) nm wavelength with fixed spot size of 4 mm. Theeffect of laser irradiation on the albumin solution also studied in thepresence of elemental salts of copper, zinc and iron.Q-switched laser irradiation at 532 nm produced albumin moleculedamage that potentiated by copper sulfate and variable effect withzinc sulfate. Iron salt stabilized the effect of laser irradiation uponalbumin molecule. The effect of laser irradiation at 1064 nm is lessthan that observed with 532 nm wavelength. ctdsDNA strands aremore susceptible to Q-switched Nd:YAG laser radiation whenexposed at 532 nm with pulse rate of 3Hz. It concludes that usingQ-switched Nd:YAG laser is safe upon the c
Estimation of electron temperature for SiO2 plasma induced by laser
Authors: Abdulameer Mohammed R.
Published: August 2020

In this work; Silicon dioxide (SiO2) were fabricated by pulsedlaser ablation (PLA). The electron temperature was calculated byreading the data of I-V curve of Langmuir probe which wasemployed as a diagnostic technique for measuring plasma properties.Pulsed Nd:YA Glaser was used for measuring the electrontemperature of SiO2 plasma plume under vacuum environment withvarying both pressure and axial distance from the target surface. Theelectron temperature has been measured experimentally and theeffects of each of pressure and Langmuir probe distance from thetarget were studied. An inverse relationship between electrontemperature and both pressure and axial distance was observed.
Risks assessment for the retrieval of radioactive waste from the old Russian cemetery Al -Tuwaitha site
Authors: Al-Mashhadani Asia H.
Published: August 2020

In this work the radioactive wastes in the Old RussianCemetery Al -Tuwaitha site were classified according to risks forworkers who are involved in the retrieval process. The exposureassessment results expressed as estimates of radionuclide intakes byinhalation and ingestion, exposure rates and duration for externalexposure pathways, and committed effective dose equivalents toindividuals from all relevant radionuclides and pathways. Resultsshowed the presence of natural radionuclides Ra-226, Th-234 and K-40, as well as the produced radionuclide Cs-137 and Eu-152 in thecemetery wells. The absorbed doses from the waste were classified totwo categories; exempt waste and low level waste according toabsorbed dose value. This studied site does not pose a radiologicalhazard for the workers.
Structural and optical properties of CdO and CdO0.99Cu0.01 thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique
Authors: Hassan Eman K.
Published: August 2020

Structural and optical properties of CdO and CdO0.99Cu0.01 thinfilms were prepared in this work. Cadmium Oxide (CdO) andCdO0.99Cu0.01semiconducting films are deposited on glass substratesby using pulsed laser deposition method (PLD) using SHG with QswitchedNd:YAG pulsed laser operation at 1064nm in 6x10-2 mbarvacuum condition and frequency 6 Hz. CdO and CdO0.99Cu0.01 thinfilms annealed at 550 C̊ for 12 min. The crystalline structure wasstudied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method and atomic forcemicroscope (AFM). It shows that the films are polycrystalline.Optical properties of thin films were analyzed. The direct band gapenergy of CdO and CdO0.99Cu0.01 thin films were determined from(αhυ)1/2 vs. photon energy curve and found to be 2.3 eV for CdO thinfilm, comparing with that the CdO0.99Cu0.01film which found to be2.2eV. The electrical measurements shows that the conductivity andmobility of the charge carriers increase when Cu doped CdO.
Effect of Pb percentage on optical parameters of PbxCd1-xSe thin films
Authors: Kamil Farah Q.
Published: August 2020

PbxCd1-xSe compound with different Pb percentage (i.e. X=0,0.025, 0.050, 0.075, and 0.1) were prepared successfully. Thin filmswere deposited by thermal evaporation on glass substrates at filmthickness (126) nm. The optical measurements indicated thatPbxCd1-xSe films have direct optical energy gap. The value of theenergy gap decreases with the increase of Pb content from 1.78 eV to1.49 eV.
Morphology and electrical properties of Cu X Zn1-XO thin films prepared by PLD technique
Authors: Nasir Eman Mizher
Published: August 2020

Cu X Zn1-XO films with different x content have been prepared bypulse laser deposition technique at room temperatures (RT) anddifferent annealing temperatures (373 and 473) K. The effect of xcontent of Cu (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) wt.% on morphology andelectrical properties of CuXZn1-XO thin films have been studied.AFM measurements showed that the average grain size values forCuXZn1-xO thin films at RT and different annealing temperatures(373, 473) K decreases, while the average Roughness values increasewith increasing x content. The D.C conductivity for all filmsincreases as the x content increase and decreases with increasing theannealing temperatures. Hall measurements showed that there aretwo types of conductance (n- type and p-type charge carriers). Alsothe variation of drift velocity (vd), carrier life time (), and free meanpath (l) with different x content and annealing temperatures weremeasured.
Electrical properties of pure NiO and NiO:Au thin films prepared by using pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Jamal Raied K.
Published: August 2020

The electrical properties of pure NiO and NiO:Au Films which aredeposited on glass substrate with various dopant concentrations(1wt.%, 2wt%, 3wt.% and 4wt.%) at room temperature 450 Coannealing temperature will be presented. The results of the hall effectshowed that all the films were p-type. The Hall mobility decreaseswhile both carrier concentration and conductivity increases with theincreasing of annealing temperatures and doping percentage, Thus,indicating the behavior of semiconductor, and also the D.Cconductivity from which the activation energy decrease with thedoping concentration increase and transport mechanism of the chargecarriers can be estimated.
Influence of non-thermal argon plasma needle on blood coagulation
Authors: Aadim Kadhim A.
Published: August 2020

Non-thermal argon plasma needle at atmospheric pressure wasconstructed. The experimental setup was based on a simple and lowcost electric component that generates a sufficiently high electricfield at the electrodes to ionize the argon gas which flow atatmospheric pressure. A high AC power supply was used with 1.1kV and 19.57 kHz. Non-thermal Argon plasma used on bloodsamples to show the ability of non-thermal plasma to promote bloodcoagulation. Three tests have been done to show the ability of plasmato coagulate both normal and anti-coagulant blood. Each bloodsample has been treated for varying time from 20sec. to 180sec. atdifferent distances. The results of the current study showed that thecold plasma produced from argon significantly increase the in vitrospeed of blood coagulation, the plasma increases activation andaggregation of platelets, causes proliferation of fibroblasts and fibrinproduction accelerates blood coagulation.
Studying the effect of silica (SiO2) addition on the adhesive properties of polyvinyl alcohol
Authors: Hameed Nahida J.
Published: August 2020

The work concerned with studying the effect of (SiO2) addition as afiller on the adhesive properties of (PVA). Samples were prepared assheets by using casting method. The mechanical properties showedthat increase in tensile strength from (34MPa) to (68MPa) when(SiO2) added to (PVA). The adhesive strength showed that jointproperties depend upon specific adhesive characteristic of material(PVA) and (SiO2\PVA)composites at different concentrations (1.5%,2.5%, 3.5%, 4.5wt%), the cohesive strength of the adhesive material,the joint design, and adherent type (Sponge Rubber(SR), Naturalleather (NL), Vulcanized Rubber(VR), and Cartoon). The resultsproved the tensile strength increased with (SiO2) ratio, so it can beused as the adhesive material. Shear strength showed an increasewith (SiO2) ratio of sponge rubber, and cartoon adherent, whereas itwas increased up to 2.5% for Natural Leather, and VulcanizedRubber then decreased; That suggested it is most suitable for spongerubber adhesive and cartoon than the other adherents.
Determination of some characteristics of comet’s gases by photometry method for comet Hyakutake
Authors: Khalaf S . Z .
Published: August 2020

The present paper focuses on the study of some characteristics ofcomets ions by photometry method which represent by CCD camerawhich it provide seeing these images in a graded light. From 0-255when Zero (low a light intensity) and 255 (highlight intensity). Thesedifferences of photonic intensity can be giving us a curve whichappear from any line of this image.From these equations the focus is concentrating on determine thetemperature distribution, velocity distribution, and intensity numberdistribution which is give number of particles per unit volume.The results explained the interaction near the cometary nucleuswhich is mainly affected by the new ions added to the density of thesolar wind, the average molecular weight increase and result in manyunique characteristics of the cometary tail.
A study of the characterization of CdS/PMMA nanocomposite thin film
Authors: Ajil Awras H.
Published: August 2020

Nanocomposites of polymer material based on CdS as fillermaterial and poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) as host matrix havebeen fabricated by chemical spray pyrolysis method on glasssubstrate. CdS particles synthesized by co-precipitation route usingcadimium chloride and thioacetamide as starting materials andammonium hydroxide as precipitating agent. The structure isexamined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), the resultant film hasamorphous structure. The optical energy gap is found to be (4.5,4.06) eV before and after CdS addition, respectively. Electricalactivation energy for CdS/PMMA has two regions with values of0.079 and 0.433 eV.
Calibration of ionization chamber survey meter
Authors: Kadhim Ali Kareem
Published: August 2020

Radiation measuring devices need to process calibration whichlose their sensitivity and the extent of the response and the amount ofstability under a changing conditions from time to time and thisperiod depends on the nature and use of field in which used devices.A comparison study was done to a (451P) (ionization chambersurvey meter) and this showed the variation of calibration factor infive different years. This study also displayed the concept ofradiation instrument calibration and necessity of every yearcalibration of them.In this project we used the five years calibration data for ionizationchamber survey meter model Inspector (451P) to get that the valuesof Calibration Factor (CF) and Response (1/CF). The value deviation(Δ%) of CFs for four years of calibration in comparison of CF for theyear 2007 are very high and the device under research is not good touse in field and reliable because the ionization chamber is verysensitive to humidity and must calibrate a year or less, or duringevery two years and must maintain carefully to reduce the discardedeffects to the measurements.
Measurements of radon, thoron and their progeny concentrations using twin cup dosimeter for indoor Al-Madaan city – Baghdad – Iraq
Authors: Shafik Shafik S.
Published: August 2020

In this study, the activity concentrations of indoor radon, thoronand their progeny have been measured in air for 61 differentlocations of Al-Maddan city using twin cup dosimeter. Furthermore,some useful parameters concerning the health hazards have beenestimated; working level month (WLM), annual effective dose (Eff),and excess lung cancer per million person per year (ELC).The resultsshow that the values of radon gas levels in the investigated districtsvaried from 56.28 to 194.43Bq/m3with an overall average value132.96Bq/m3, while 0.313 to 1.085 for WLM with an overall average0.740, respectively. The value of Eff and ELC have been found tovary from 1.420 to 4.918 mSv/y with an overall average value3.354mSv/y, and 852 to 2951 with an overall average value 2013,respectively. For thoron gas only, the results showed that the thoronactivity concentration varied from 15.05 to 172.40 Bq/m3 with anoverall average 76.48 Bq/m3, and 0.021to 0.240for WLM with anoverall average 0.106, respectively. The values of Eff and ELC havebeen found to vary from 0.256 to 2.94 mSv/y with an overallaverage1.30 mSv/y and from 57 to 652 with an overall average of298, respectively. The concentration of radon progeny varied from59.44 to 301.39 Bq/m3 with an overall average 157.62 Bq/m3. Theresults illustrated that there is a large variation in the values of themeasured concentrations. This is due to the wide variation in theconstruction of the houses in Al-Madaan city. However, allinvestigated locations have radon concentration below the actionlevel (200-300Bq/m3) that recommended byICRP. Therefore, there isno health hazard of radon in the region of Al-Madaan city wheremeasurements have been performed.
Shell model and Hartree-Fock calculations of electron scattering form factors for 25Mg nucleus
Authors: Alzubadi Ali A.
Published: August 2020

Shell model and Hartree-Fock calculations have been adopted to study the elastic and inelastic electron scattering form factors for 25Mg nucleus. The wave functions for this nucleus have been utilized from the shell model using USDA two-body effective interaction for this nucleus with the sd shell model space. On the other hand, the SkXcsb Skyrme parameterization has been used within the Hartree-Fock method to get the single-particle potential which is used to calculate the single-particle matrix elements. The calculated form factors have been compared with available experimental data.
Radiological risk assessment of fuel fabrication facility at Al- Tuwaitha nuclear site
Authors: Zayir Al-Bakhat Yousif M.
Published: August 2020

The specific activity of 29 soil samples collected from FuelFabrication Facility FFF at AL-Tuwaitha site, 20 km south ofBaghdad were determined using HPGe detector in a low backgroundconfiguration, it's relative efficiency of 40%, and resolution of 2keVfor the 1332 keV gamma ray emission of 60Co. The range of activityconcentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were between (12.56-31.96),(10.2-18.4) and (47.47-402.1) Bq/kg respectively. In order to assessany radiological hazard to human health, the absorbed gamma doserate D in air at 1m above the ground surface was calculated in therange (18.87 to 36.46) nGy/h; the outdoor annual effective doseequivalent AEDE was evaluated to vary from 0.0039 to 0.0076mSv/y with the mean value 0.0059 mSv/y, this value comparable tothe worldwide effective dose 0.48mSv/y. The Radium EquivalentRaeq for all samples were evaluated and were lower than the acceptedsafety limit value of 370 Bq/kg. The results indicated that theradiation of hazards from primordial radionudlides in all samples inthis study is not significant.
Control the deposition uniformity using ring cathode by DC discharge technique
Authors: Aadim Kadhim A.
Published: August 2020

Simulation of direct current (DC) discharge plasma usingCOMSOL Multiphysics software were used to study the uniformityof deposition on anode from DC discharge sputtering using ring anddisc cathodes, then applied it experimentally to make comparisonbetween film thickness distribution with simulation results. Bothsimulation and experimental results shows that the deposition usingcopper ring cathode is more uniformity than disc cathode