bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral submucous fibrosis: is it a collagen disease? A study in search for its aetiology
Authors: Bansal Mohan
Published: April 2019

Background: The aetiopathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), though not an uncommon disease, is not yet well established. OSMF is prevalent in the geographical area of study. These were the driving factors to conduct this study. This haematological study in patients with oral submucous fibrosis was conducted to find out some definite causative features so that an effective treatment regime could be evolved.

Methods: This prospective hospital-based observational study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) and Pathology in a tertiary care medical college hospital. The 150 clinically diagnosed patients were enrolled for the study. Routine laboratory tests were done to identify markers which would suggest autoimmune conditions.  

Results: In 124 cases (83%), mild to moderately anaemia was observed while 75 cases (50%) showed raised ESR. Lymphocytosis and eosinophilia were observed in 42 cases (28%) and 48 cases (32%) respectively. Hyperglobulinaemia was observed in 45 cases (30%). In 18 cases (12%) leukocytosis was observed. In 30 cases (20%), pus cells were seen in urine, while ova and cysts were found present in 42 cases (28%).

Conclusions: The present study could not establish the commonly claimed theory of collagen disease. The exact aetiology of OSMF is not yet known. Some genetic factors seem to play a role, which make some people predisposed to react abnormally to chronic masticatories of different forms of areca nut, tobacco and areca leaves. Therefore further research in the direction of genetic studies will perhaps reveal the exact cause of OSMF.
Auditory acuity in type II diabetes mellitus patients vs healthy individuals: a comparative study
Authors: Dorkar Shashikant , Satpute Hemraj
Published: April 2019

Background: There is an unprecedented rise in the number of patients being diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus. The end organ damage associated with uncontrolled diabetes is well-known and has been the focus of attention of the treating physician. Less dramatic consequences such as subtle hearing loss and cochlear damage is usually the neglected part of the management of these patients. We conducted this study to compare the degree of auditory loss in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy individuals of same age with the help of pure tone audiometry.

Methods: This was a case control study in which 130 type II diabetis patients (Group A) and 130 normoglycemic individuals (Group B) were included. Pure tone audiometry was done in all the patients. Cochlear response to audiometry, air conduction and bone conduction of both the ears were determined.  

Results: Patients with diabetes were found to be affected by sensori-nerural hearing loss more commonly than healthy individuals and the difference was found to be statistically highly significant (p=0.0001). Also there was statistically significant difference in threshold of air and bone conduction in both the groups (p=0.0001).

Conclusions: Type II diabetes mellitus is found to be associated with increased incidence of auditory loss. ENT specialists need to be aware of possibility of subtle hearing loss in these patients so as to be able to detect it at an early stage and prevent progression of hearing loss to a significant level.
Schwannoma nasal cavity: a clinicopathological case report
Authors: Seles M. Fathima , Srinivasan Padmakantha , Ramadoss Narmadha
Published: April 2019

Nasal cavity schwannomas are uncommon lesions, representing less than 4% of all head and neck schwannomas. They give rise to nonspecific symptoms such as nasal obstruction, epistaxis, and anosmia. Here we report a 18year old girl who presented with nasal discharge and recurrent epistaxis for four months.
Clinical profile of 50 premenopausal women with hirsutism
Authors: Panjwani Sonal , Krishna Arvind , Singh Garima , Arora Divya
Published: April 2019

Background: Hirsutism is a common condition, affecting up to 10% of women and may be associated with signs and symptoms of hyperandrogenism. The aim of this study was to study the clinical characteristics of patients presenting with hirsutism and to correlate the severity of hirsutism with the presence of these features.

Methods: A hospital based, cross sectional prospective study was conducted on 50 patients with clinically diagnosed hirsutism. Scoring of hirsutism was done using modified Ferriman –Gallwey scoring system following which a complete history was taken and thorough examination of all patients in the study group was carried out for features associated with hirsutism.

Results: Maximum (60%) patients had mild hirsutism, 30% had moderate hirsutism and 10% patients had severe hirsutism. Acne was the most commonly occurring clinical feature, occurring in 50% of the patients followed by menstrual irregularities in 46%, striae and obesity in 42% and acanthosis nigricans in 40% of the patients. Other features seen were androgenic alopecia in 26%, infertility in 16.67% and deepening of voice in 4% of participants.

Conclusions: Hirsutism is a multifaceted condition and this study highlights the need for a thorough clinical examination in order to identify possible associated conditions which may provide significant clues for the underlying cause of hirsutism.
ФІНАНСОВІ ІНСТРУМЕНТИ РОЗШИРЕННЯ МОЖЛИВОСТЕЙ ЛЮДСЬКОГО РОЗВИТКУ В ІНФОРМАЦІЙНІЙ ЕКОНОМІЦІ
Authors: Kravchenko I. S. , Aleksanyan А. G.
Published: April 2019

Досліджено можливості людського розвитку, процеси системної трансформації соціально-трудової сфери, зміни змісту праці та форм її організації в умовах Четвертої промислової революції. Досліджено питання використання фінансових інструментів для розширення можливостей людського розвитку в умовах поширення інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій за його основними вимірами. У сфері освіти ці можливості нині пов’язані передусім із ширшим застосуванням фандрайзингу в діяльності ВНЗ, поступовим переводом якомога більшої кількості напрямів діяльності ВНЗ в онлайн-середовище, розширенням практики фінансування проектів спільнокоштом і практики використання міжнародних платіжних систем, розвитком співпраці між бізнесом та університетами, максимально швидкою інтеграцією вітчизняних ВНЗ у світовий ринок освітніх послуг. У сфері охорони здоров’я — передусім із подальшим розвитком страхової медицини, використанням системи E-Health, підвищенням якості державних і приватних медичних послуг. В умовах системних змін у соціально-трудовій сфері, упровадження безумовного базового доходу є важливим інструментом фінансування процесів відтворення людського капіталу, забезпечення збалансованого суспільного розвитку для багатьох поколінь громадян прогресивних країн світу.
LOGIC OF THE INFLUENCE OF NON-MONETARY INFORMATION SIGNALS OF THE USA ON THE EXCESS RETURN OF UKRAINIAN STOCK MARKET
Authors: Pavlova T. S. , Zarutska E. P. , Levkovich O. V. , Khmarskyi V.
Published: April 2019

The research was conducted to assess the changes in the excess return of Ukrainian stock market (using the example of the representative stock index PFTS) on the informational content of such major non-monetary signals of the USA as “Consumer Price Index”, “Personal Spending”, “Unemployment Rate”, “Gross Domestic Product”, “Industrial Production”, “Consumer Confidence” and “Housing Starts” on the basis of daily data for 2000—2017 (number of observations — 4436). We used the toolkit of vector autoregressive modelling to determine the sources of Ukrainian stock index PFTS response to the US non-monetary information signals, which is based on the decomposition of changes in stock market excess return through the channels of economic transmission (“expected future dividends”, “real interest rate” and “risk premium”) and takes into account the unexpected values of the informational context of selected non-monetary signals. Target time series are stationary according to the KPSS and ADF criteria. The results show that four of the six selected non-monetary information signals of the USA do not have a significant effect on the response of endogenous variables of econometric model. The existence of significant direct influence of US non-monetary informational signals “Personal Spending” and “Consumer Confidence” on the response of the excess return of Ukrainian stock index PFTS has been established. It is substantiated that the actual and forecast state of the USA national economy is considered by the participants of the local stock markets, in particular in Ukraine, as one of the most important sources of macroeconomic information while making strategic and tactical investment decisions. Thus, the increasing importance of the component of “surprise” of such non-monetary information signals of the USA is considered as “positive” news for the domestic stock market by investors, which increases the excess return of the stock index PFTS.
LABOR PROTECTION IN BRANCHES: EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE OF NORMATIVE SUPPORT OF RISK-ORIENTED APPROACHES
Authors: Yaroshenko O. M.
Published: April 2019

It is considered a system of organization of labour protection in Ukraine and the normative principles of safety and health in the European Union in the article. It is analysed the European normative principles of providing a risk-oriented approach to labour protection based on the principle of “unity and differentiation” of legal regulation of labor protection. At the same time, the differentiation of the provision of labor protection at European enterprises, in contrast to domestic ones, is provided both in terms of the specifics of work organization in a particular field of economics and the differentiation of the implementation of a risk-oriented approach to ensuring the safety and health of large, medium and small businesses. The particular attention is given to the methodological support of employers from European authorities by providing them with recommendations on risk assessment on the workplace. It is stressed that European standards on occupational safety and health establish that the work environment in the workplace of worker should not only reduce and prevent the impact on physical health of workers of production factors, but also ensure the worker’s health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not only the absence of illness or infirmity. It is substantiated that in order to improve the organization of labour protection of workers in Ukraine, it is necessary to review existing approaches for creation of safe and healthy working conditions and implement a risk-oriented approach. The basis for such review should be the improvement of labour legislation in a part of the legal regulation of labour protection. In Ukraine, for organization of labour protection system, it is necessary to introduce a European experience of ensuring safe and healthy working conditions on the workplace. The improvement of domestic system of labor protection in general and labor protection in the economic sectors should be based on established normative minimum standards of safety and health at the workplace, and the differentiation of legal regulation of occupational safety should take into account the peculiarities of labor processes in the industries and create conditions for implementing a risk-oriented approach to safety and health at small and medium enterprises.
INCORPORATION OF ALKALINE-EARTH METALS Ca, Mg, Ba and Sr IN MCM-41 FOR APPLICATION AS CO2 ADSORVENTS IN THE PRE-SALES NATURAL GAS CURRENTS
Authors: Silva Ribeiro Thaís Regina , De Melo Silva David Clebson , Pereira Martins da Costa Tiago , Sousa da Silva Antonio Osimar
Published: April 2019

The new oil fields discovered in the Pre-Salt Province have large oil reserves, but the technological challenges for their economic exploitation are enormous. One of the problems with these reservoirs is that the associated gas has high concentrations of carbon dioxide, which must be removed and disposed of properly. In this way it is necessary to develop technologies for the separation of CO2 from natural gas streams, but there is a complication for these new technologies; the fact that they must be able to treat currents with relatively high concentrations of carbon dioxide. In the present project, the alkaline-earth cations Ca, Mg, Ba and Sr in the molecular sieve MCM-41 will be impregnated for adsorption in natural gas streams, as this modification will provide the formation of acid sites favoring the adsorption reaction.
COMPARAÇÃO DE CATALISADORES (VD E MoO3/VD) NA TRANSESTERIFICAÇÃO DO ÓLEO DE SOJA PARA PRODUÇÃO DE BIODIESEL
Authors: Lima Erivaldo Genuino , Barbosa Tellys Lins Almeida , Vasconcelos Patricia Noemia Mota , Rodrigues Meiry Glaucia Freire
Published: April 2019

O trabalho teve como objetivo produzir catalisadores heterogêneos a base de argila verde dura natural (VD) e impregnação do óxido de molibidênio. Estes catalisadores foram avaliados na reação de transesterificação do óleo de soja com metanol para produzir biodiesel. Foram avaliados os efeitos do tempo de reação (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e 6 h) e catalisador (VD e MoO3/VD) sobre a viscosidade cinemática do biodiesel. Os catalisadores (VD e MoO3/VD) foram caracterizados por DRX, FRX-ED, Adsorção física de N2, MEV, IV e TPD. A reação de transesterificação do óleo de soja foi conduzida em reator batelada sem agitação, durante tempos diferentes de reação (1, 2, 3, 4 e 6 horas) a 200 °C, utilizando uma relação óleo de soja/metanol de 1:12 e 5 % de catalisador. O produto obtido foi caracterizado a partir da viscosidade cinemática. Foi observado com o catalisador VD que os valores estão muito distantes aos padrões estabelecidos pela Agência Nacional de Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (ANP), n° 4 de 2012. Enquanto que os valores de viscosidade com o catalisador MoO3/VD com os tempos de 5 e 6 horas de reação se aproximaram aos padrões estabelecidos pela ANP. Nesse sentido, a inserção do molibdênio na argila verde dura natural proporcionou um efeito positivo ao catalisador.
STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF PROTIC IONIC LIQUIDS TO BE APPLIED IN THE ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
Authors: Ferreira G. F. D. , Lima C. B. M. , Mateddi S. , Santos L. C. L. , Lobato A. K. C. L.
Published: April 2019

The oil industry faces challenges with reservoir oil retention after years of exploration.  Therefore, recovery methods have been developed to produce residual oil, such as chemical methods (CEOR). Recently, ionic liquids have been gaining in visibility and it is expected that at CEOR, the Ionic Liquid (IL) will decrease the Interfacial Tension (IFT) between oil and water and increase the viscosity of the injected fluid. The aim of this paper is to study the ionic liquid [2HEA] [Hx] in order to evaluate the influence of its concentration and the salinity on the interfacial tension between oil and a solution of ionic liquid, through the statistical designing of experiments. It was verified that the IL [2HEA] [Hx] was able to decrease the interfacial tension between oil and the water solution and that both the ionic and salt concentrations were significant for the reduction of interfacial tension.
The Relationship Between Paucibacillary Type Leprosy and The Success of Leprosy Treatment in East Java
Authors: Tami Mayam
Published: April 2019

Background: Indonesia is the third highest contributor to leprosy in the world. The prevalence of Pausi Basiler (PB) type leprosy in East Java has increased from 2015-2017, but the success rate of treatment is more common in PB leprosy compared to Multi Basiler leprosy (MB). Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the numbers of PB type leprosy incidence with the success rate of leprosy treatment in East Java in 2015-2017. Methods: This study was an observational analytic study with cross-sectional design. The population used is leprosy patients who have successfully treated by leprosy therapy in East Java which was recorded from 2015 to 2017. The population sampling technique was performed in this study. Moreover, univariate and bivariate analysis were used. Specifically, Spearman correlation test was part of bivariate analysis. Results: This study showed the success presentation of leprosy treatment in male patients has increased for three consecutive years, namely 59.07% in 2015, 59.74% in 2016, and 63.96% in 2017. Oppositely, the success rate of leprosy in the female group decreased each year. There is a significant relationship between the number of PB type leprosy cases with the success rate of leprosy treatment in East Java from 2015 to 2017 (p= 0.00; p <0.05; Spearman correlation = 0.89). Conclusion: The highest success rate of leprosy treatment found in the male group. There is a relationship between the numbers of PB type leprosy cases with the success rate of leprosy treatment in East Java from 2015 to 2017.
The Overview of Malaria Cases in Trenggalek District based on The Epidemiological Triangle
Authors: Maryanto Yusuf Budi , Mirasa Yudied Agung
Published: April 2019

Background: Indonesia is one of the countries where 35% of the population lives in areas with a high risk of malaria infection. Trenggalek is one of the malaria-endemic regions in East Java. Purpose: This study aimed to identify the malaria cases in Trenggalek based on the epidemic triangle and identify the vulnerability status of Anopheles vagus mosquito against Permethrin 0.75% in Pandean Village, Trenggalek. Methods: This study is a type of descriptive observational study. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from the The Center of Environmental Health and Disease Control Agency Surabaya. The data consists of characteristics of malaria cases in Trenggalek  and Anopheles vagus resistance test data against Permethrin 0.75% in Pandean Village, Trenggalek. Results: Trenggalek is considered as low malaria endemicity area, with malaria incidence dominated by imported malaria cases, because recently there is no cases of autochthonous malaria have been found. Data on malaria case trends in 2014-2017 tended to fluctuate, the majority of malaria patients were male group counting of 97.34% which consist of farmers (59.88%) and private sector worker (29.79%). The Anopheles vagus was found 100% death in one hour of the treatment, but there was no death incidence in the control group. Conclusion: Most malaria patients dominated by male, migrant workers, and most of them work as farmers and the private sector which have a high potential for the emergence of autochthonous malaria. Anopheles vagus is still susceptible to Permethrin 0.75% in Pandean Village, Trenggalek
Conversas com Salomea Gandelman
Authors: Martins Denise Andrade de Freitas
Published: April 2019

Conhecendo a professora e pianista Salomea Gandelman desde o ano de 2000, ocasião na qual foi jurada no Concurso de Piano “Prof. Abrão Calil Neto”, de Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais, pensamos ser de grande importância para professores(as), estudantes e profissionais em música e áreas afins compartilhar os entendimentos e memória da professora, no que se refere à sua vida, à educação musical e ao concurso de piano de Ituiutaba. Tais narrativas decorreram de conversas espontâneas com Salomea Gandelman, por ocasião de visitas de trabalho, compreendidas como tempos e lugares de muitos aprendizados e orientações naquilo que já realizávamos e ainda por realizar.
Stavovi korisnika društvenih mreža o izbjeglicama i tražiteljima azila
Authors: Medlobi Mateja , Čepo Dario
Published: April 2019

U radu su predstavljeni stavovi i uvjerenja korisnika društvenih mreža (Twitter i Facebook) prema izbjeglicama i tzv. izbjegličkoj krizi, koja je posljednjih godina eskalirala na globalnoj razini. Od 16. rujna 2015. do 3. svibnja 2016. godine kroz Hrvatsku je u tranzitu prošlo 658.068 izbjeglica te je, tijekom tog vremena, u javnosti predstavljen niz različitih stavova i interpretacije istih. Navedeni stavovi relevantni su za cjelokupnu situaciju povezanu s krizom u kontekstu utjecaja koji imaju na višerazinsku integraciju i položaj izbjeglica u hrvatskom društvu. U ovom radu ispitivani su stavovi prema izbjeglicama, posebno se fokusirajući na povezanost iskazanih stavova i socio-demografskih obilježja ispitanika, njihova nacionalnog identiteta, učestalosti kontakta, spremnosti na pomoć izbjeglicama, te političkog opredjeljenja. Istraživanje je provedeno na prigodnom uzorku, putem online upitnika kojim su relevantne varijable ispitane kroz tri skupine pitanja, koja su mjerila ugroženost i jednaki tretman, te socijalnu distancu. Rezultati pokazuju kako ispitanici imaju pretežno pozitivne stavove prema izbjeglicama unatoč manjoj količini kontakta, te kako iskazuju nisku percepciju ugroženosti zbog dolaska izbjeglica i vjeruju kako za sve osobe u Hrvatskoj trebaju postojati jednake životne prilike. Zanimljive korelacije dobivene su u pogledu nacionalnog identiteta, te spremnosti pružanja pomoći. Rad se bavi navedenom tematikom kroz fokus na stavove ispitanika u suvremenom hrvatskom kontekstu, a relevantan je u pogledu mogućeg utjecaja koji mišljenje građana i potencijalne predrasude imaju na uspjeh procesa integracije onih osoba koje će svoj život graditi u Republici Hrvatskoj.
Influence of Nonpermanent Netting on Foliar Spray Deposition, Insect Pest Prevalence, and Production of ‘Nadorcott’ Mandarin (Citrus reticulata)
Authors: Stander Ockert P.J. , North Jade , Van Niekerk Jan M. , Van Wyk Tertia , Love Claire , Gilbert Martin J.
Published: April 2019

This study aimed to determine the effects of different types of nonpermanent netting (NPN) on foliar spray deposition, insect pest prevalence, and production and fruit quality of ‘Nadorcott’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata) trees in a commercial orchard at Citrusdal (lat. 32 32′31″S, long. 19 0′42″E), Western Cape, South Africa. The deposition quantity (FPC%) of foliar spray volumes of 3500, 7000, or 15,000 L·ha−1 was greater for leaves of control trees compared with leaves treated with NPN during summer (January) (8.8 vs. 6.1; P = 0.0055) and winter (June) (4.8 vs. 3.1; P = 0.0035). Deposition uniformity (CV%) was better for control leaves during summer (64.9 vs. 75.2; P = 0.0062) and winter (59.6 vs. 80.5; P = 0.0014), and deposition quality (ICD%) was better during winter (79.4 vs. 84.2; P = 0.0393). There were no differences in FPC%, CV%, and ICD% for fruit when foliar spray volumes of 3500 and 15,000 L·ha−1 were used for the control and NPN treatment groups during winter. However, with a foliar spray volume of 7500 L·ha−1, fruit from the control treatment group had greater FPC% (19.3 vs. 6.1; P = 0.0262), CV% (70.3 vs. 50.9; P = 0.0484), and ICD% (57.1 vs. 79.9; P = 0.0157). There were no differences in macronutrient concentrations between the leaves of trees subjected to control and NPN treatments, but leaf zinc (<81%; P = 0.0317) and iron (<78%; P = 0.0041) concentrations were lower with the NPN treatment. During short NPN treatments, fruit yield was reduced by ≈37% compared with that after control treatment, and longer NPN treatments had no effect on fruit yield. The reduction in fruit yield with NPN was not related to the effects of NPN on foliar spray deposition or to lower leaf micronutrient concentrations. The lower fruit yield during short NPN treatments was most likely caused by fruit drop that was exacerbated by the removal of the NPN. In the long NPN treatment group, fruit damage caused by sunburn was reduced by 17%, but the outer canopy fruit experienced increased wind damage or scarring. Except for the lower titratable acidity content with the shortest NPN treatment and the higher Brix°:TA ratio with two NPN treatments, NPN did not impact other fruit quality attributes. The use of NPN excluded male wild false codling moths (Thaumatotibia leucotreta) (FCM) males; however, it was still possible to capture a very small amount of mass-released sterile FCM and wild fruit flies under the NPN.
Growth and Nutritional Efficiency of Watermelon Plants Grown under Macronutrient Deficiencies
Authors: Cavalcante Valéria Santos , Prado Renato de Mello , Vasconcelos Ricardo de Lima , Júnior de Almeida Hilário , Ramos da Silva Thais
Published: April 2019

Biological damage caused by macronutrient deficiency in watermelon plants is still not known, and may lead to nutritional disorders and alterations in absorption and utilization efficiencies, depending on the evaluated nutrient. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the growth and nutritional efficiency of watermelon plants grown under macronutrient deficiencies. The experiments were carried out in pots containing an aerated nutrient solution. Treatments consisted of the nutrient solution containing (control) or lacking nitrogen (−N), phosphorus (−P), potassium (−K), calcium (−Ca), magnesium (−Mg), and sulfur (−S), in a completely randomized design with three replications. At the end of the experiment with the onset of symptoms of deficiency, plant growth, green color index, nutrient accumulation, nutrient uptake, nutrient utilization efficiency, root density, and foliar deficiency symptoms were evaluated. P, K, Ca, Mg, and S deficiencies increased plant utilization efficiency and can potentiate watermelon development in environments deficient in these nutrients. The opposite was observed concerning nitrogen deficiency, because this condition induced greater biological damage, with low utilization efficiency, indicating the sensitivity of this species in low N conditions.
Non-traditional machining: a review on methods employed in advanced materials treatment
Authors: Brasil Beatriz Silva , Moura Lorena Braga , Rocha Neto Ajalmar Rego
Published: April 2019

This article guides the reader through the latest publications about non-traditional machining processes, also revealing those which present hybrid methods, developed for promoting bigger efficiency and economic advantage in non-conventional machining execution. There is, also, attention to micromachining, a micrometer scale application in dimensions, but with big prospections in modern industry. International articles published from 2014 to 2019 in knowledge bases of Science Direct, CAPES, MDPI, SAGE and IEEExplore referring to methods and new technologies developed in this field are evaluated. The studies expansion in this segment are necessary since engineering materials or micromachining applications are not well finished by conventional methods and advanced methods can be slow, expensive or even poorly researched since there are no articles that study absolutely all processes. The optimization techniques, however, gives a new vision to maximum utilization possible of the presented techniques.
Etiquette for Congratulation or Condolence of Village Communities Described in Choryeohyangyak(草廬鄕約)
Authors:   Association for International Tea Culture, Choi Bae-young
Published: April 2019

This paper presents a literature review of Choryeohyangyak (草廬鄕約, Village Codes Written by Choryeo) by Yutae Lee (李惟泰, 1607-1684), a scholar of the late Joseon Dynasty, whose pen name was Choryeo, and explores a way to apply the core values of Korean traditional village community culture to today’s community-building initiatives supported by local governments. To put it another way, this paper examines the relationship between hyangyak (village codes), which is the basis of village community activities, and traditional etiquette for congratulation
or condolence. By doing so, this study aims to identify the core values necessary to improve the well-being of village communities and to examine what we can learn from those values. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows.
Firstly, traditional etiquette for congratulations included invitations, visits, banquets, and celebrations for passing civil servant examinations, promotions, coming of age, marriages, and birthdays for old people. Villagers offered their congratulations and gave presents to the person being honored. Secondly, traditional etiquette for condolences were related to natural disasters and deaths. Villagers comforted the victims of disasters or paid their respects to the deceased and helped to make funeral arrangements.
In conclusion, the etiquette for congratulation or condolence described in Choryeohyangyak had four different aspects of village community life: emotional solidarity (caring for each other), sense of justice (carrying out their responsibility as members of the village community), social norms (emphasizing interpersonal relations), and economic benefits (sharing knowledge and wisdom and collaborating to solve problems). They were the core values that played an important role in enhancing the well-being of village communities and that can be useful in community-building efforts in the twenty-first century.
Tea-Culture Therapy Program for Empathy Ability Improvement of Juvenile Inmates
Authors:   Association for International Tea Culture, Kim In-sook
Published: April 2019

This study intends to develop a tea-culture therapy program aimed at improving empathy ability of juvenile reformatory inmates and preventing their recidivism.
Recently, due to the rapid change of our society such as nuclear family, increase in divorce rate, weakened function of family, deficiency of care received at the time of youth, etc, juvenile crimes are increasing. One of the main characteristics of juvenile
inmates is a lack of empathic ability, which adversely affects social and emotional development and is the cause of delinquency behavior. Therefore, in order to prevent recommitting crimes of juvenile inmates, effective tea-culture therapy program needs to be developed to improve their empathic ability. The program consists of a total of 8 sessions twice a week and each session consists of 90 minutes(10 minutes for introduction, 70 minutes for intervention activity, and 10 minutes for summary and sharing thoughts). The program was conducted at a juvenile training school in P city. The empathic ability average score of juvenile inmates before participation in the program is 75.1 (SD 6.39), and after participation in the program, the average score of empathic ability is indicated as 77.4 (SD 5.52). This shows that there was a significant difference in the evaluation level of empathic ability between before and after the participation(Z = -4.271 **, P = .002). When comparing the scores by subdivision area of empathy, the viewpoint score is pretest average score 20.8 (SD 2.25) and posttest average score 21.4 (SD 1.90) showing statistical significancy(Z = -2.714 *, P =. 024 ), The imagination score is pretest 22.8 (SD 1.93) and posttest 23.2 (SD 1.55) showing statistical significancy(Z = -2.449 *, P = .037). The empathic interest score is pretest 16.7 (SD 1.25). and posttest 17.5 (SD 1.27) showing statistical significancy(Z = -4.000 **, P = .003). The personal suffering score is pretest 14.8 (SD 2.25) and posttest 15.3 (SD 2.0) showing statistical significancy(Z = -3.000 *, P = .015). In conclusion, we found that the emp athic ability of juvenile inmates participated in the tea-culture therapy program was improved more than before participation in the program. Thus, we hope that the tea-culture therapy program is applied for general juveniles as well as juvenile inmates and delinquents.
A Study on a Humanity Education Contents for University Students based on the Dietary Norms in 『Sasoje ol』
Authors:   Association for International Tea Culture, Choi Bae-young
Published: April 2019

In order to construct a humanity education contents for college students, this study reviewed 『Sasojeol (士小節)』, which is the origin of Korea’s distinct culture and humanity education. This study focused especially on the dietary norms set in 『Sasojeol』and created contents for college students based on the topics applicable to the present society. The major findings of this study can be summarized as
follows:
The first topic is “filial piety contained in a cup of tea from children to parents.”
College students will be tasked with practicing preparing tea for their parents with the goal of having them realize and implement the concept of filial piety in their everyday lives. The second topic is “a self-promise about food with courtesy inside and honesty outside.” The goal of this topic is to improve healthy dietary control through the practice of table manners and post-meal cleanup. The third topic is “communicative drinking party full of a sense of responsibility and control.” The goal
of this topic is to enable students to behave responsibly at drinking parties through
controlled drinking. Students will also acquire a precise knowledge of communication patterns and behaviors that they should avoid at drinking parties. The last topic is “cooperative congregate dining filled with respect and consideration.” Through this topic, students will be given opportunities to think about and practice the respect and consideration needed for congregate dining.
A study on the development of Boseong Tea Tourism -Focused on the cases of Japan-
Authors:   Association for International Tea Culture, Noh Keun-sook
Published: April 2019

Today, people s needs for tourism are being diversified. Special Interest Tourism (SIT), which focuses on individual hobbies or interests, has become the main driver of tourism. Therefore, Boseong County needs to develop the tea industry, the specialty of the county, into the tea tourism industry in order to adapt to the current trend toward SIT. This thesis uses the cases of the Japanese tea tourism industry s new programs and tourism products as references for Boseong. City of Uji (宇治) in Japan has the Street of Tea, consisting mainly of Sinise(老舖). The street provides various opportunities to experience, learn and watch the Japanese tea ceremony. The street has historical sites and a museum to learn other traditional Japanese cultures as well. And the adequate size of the street to walk
around and well-managed trails along the river nearby for strolling are also great tourism resources for the city. The Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples in Uji conduct tea festivals and Kencha (献茶:tea dedication ceremonies). The events are useful assets for both education and tourism about the history and culture of the Japanese tea ceremony. As stated above, many historical sites, tea ceremonies and events in Uji play the role as the
foundation of SIT tourism, providing useful information for tourists.
In addition, this thesis also introduces the cases of the Yobanashi tea ceremony of Kodai-ji temple (高台寺) in Kyoto and the memorial tea ceremonies for the deceased by Chake(茶家), which expand the boundary of Japanese tea culture. Finally, this thesis concludes with the suggestions for utilizing the Japanese cases to improve the
tea tourism industry of Boseong. In order to do so, the people of Boseong need to start caring for their county even more, and then they need to develop new cultures and values for Boseong tea as well.
A Study on the Improvement of Korean Tea Drinking Method
Authors:   Association for International Tea Culture, Jun Jung-Ae
Published: April 2019

I proposed the concept of sikgan beverage as a new tea drinking method according to the trend of modern food. As a result of examining the development process of tea cultures through the current status of drinking beverages in foreign countries, it has been found that the tea consumption of countries using food and tea is more developed than tea drinking countries.
The United Kingdom has developed teatimes in consideration of tea and teafood blends to suit local characteristics. The English breakfast is divided into English Breakfast, Scottish Breakfast, and Irish Breakfast. It was richer than the continental breakfast, and it had the characteristic of drinking with tea.
Chinese food usually uses a lot of oil, so the food is greasy. At this time, if you eat with oolong tea or puer tea, you will get rid of the feeling of mouth and remove grease, so you can enjoy Chinese food more delicious. In Japan, any food is prepared to drink tea.
Therefore, in the foreign case, it is suggested to drink tea and tea as a means for the dissemination of Korean tea by suggesting tea and food of understanding tea as the concept of food. The combination of food and tea should be the new tea culture content of Korean tea.
Financing capital expenditure through municipal bond market in Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation
Authors: Rode Sanjay
Published: April 2019

In India, the urban local bodies do not have decentralization in various functions. Therefore, municipal corporations find various issues in functioning and revenue generation. It has resulted into either shortfall or low quality infrastructure services to people. The Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation is developed as modern municipal corporation. Municipal corporation invested financial resources in development for civic infrastructure. Therefore, population, industries, educational institutions, markets, transport and other facilities are expanding very fast. The ordinary least square regression results shows that the municipal corporation has positive co-relation with revenue receipts from LBT, property tax and town planning. The revenue expenditure is positively co-related with municipal estate, public health and hospitals, primary and secondary education. The engineering work for poor is negatively correlated with revenue expenditure. The capital receipts are positively co-related with fire brigade, auditorium, sports and cultural programs and security deposits and water supply. The capital expenditure is positively co-related to women and child welfare schemes, primary education, environment monitoring. It is negatively co-related with dumping grounds. The municipal corporation must raise funds from capital market through municipal bonds. More investment must be made in civic infrastructure. Similarly, corporation must spend more funds on poor, welfare of women and children. Municipal corporation must monitor and protect environment. It must give more priorities for processing of solid and e-waste, protect local culture, primary and secondary education, health care for all and technology in provision of civic services. It must develop human resource and create best place to live in metropolitan region.
Assessing multiple cracks in beams by a method based on the damage location coefficients
Authors: Gillich Gilbert-Rainer , Aman Alexandra Teodora , Nedelcu Dorian , Hamat Codruta Oana , Manescu Tiberiu
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we analyze the case of structural integrity assessment when the beams have several cracks. The relationship between the location and the severity of one crack and the resulting frequency shift is known. That is why we can design databases containing many defects for which we can calculate precisely the frequency changes and the subsequent damage location coefficients. When the natural frequency evolution of several vibration modes is monitored, we can find alteration due to the crack. Comparing the results of the measurements with the values contained in the database, for instance by involving a bin-by-bin dissimilarity estimator, we can find the location and severity of the crack. For multiple cracks, this approach was not investigated. In this study, we design a database for two cracks affecting at the same time the beam. For these cracks, which have various severities and locations, we calculated the frequency changes by applying the superposition principle. Afterward, we find the frequency shifts for a test structure by means of the finite element method. The comparison between the damage location coefficients in the database and the signature of the damages achieved by simulation is made by the software we have developed in Visual Basic for Application in Excel. We succeed to find the severity and the location of the two cracks for all considered crack configurations.
Modern views on the treatment of acute leukemia in children under 1 year
Authors: Paina O. V. , Semenova E. V. , Markova I. V. , Zubarovskaya L. S. , Afanasyev B. V.
Published: April 2019

Acute leukemias in children aged under 1 year has different clinical manifestations as compared to patients of older age groups. The prognostic values of ALL and AML in children under 1 year are different. In ALL there are additional independent risk factors which worsen the prognosis. Clinical researches in the field of infant acute leukemia is still under develop and making a significant contribution to the understanding of the biology of leukemogenesis and therapy. The results of therapy in different research groups were comprised: POG, CCG, COG (USA), JPLSG (Japan), Interfant (BFM, researchers from New Zealand, Australia and the USA). The difference of the results led to discrepancy regarding the role of allo-HSCT in the infants treatment. In Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, the 10-year OS after allo-HSCT in the pediatric group with high-risk infant leukemias was 55 %, in the group of patients with restructuring of the MLL gene – 53 % versus 59 % without MLL gene. The results of allo-HSCT depended on the disease stage at the time of treatment, in I–II CR 5-year OS was 79 % (n = 35), in III–IV CR or progression –16 % (n = 20).
ALK and neuroblastoma: from molecular genetics to clinics
Authors: Andreeva N. A. , Druy A. E. , Shamanskaya T. V. , Kachanov D. Yu. , Varfolomeeva S. R.
Published: April 2019

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial embryonic tumor in children with a variety of molecular biological and clinical characteristics. There is no single molecular genetic mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of NB, which determines its heterogeneity. Pathogenetically important event in the development of NB are aberrations of ALK gene (Anaplastic lymphoma kinase), which are found in 70 % of patients with familial form of NB and in 7– 10 % of patients with sporadic cases. ALK oncogene encodes a receptor of the same name, expressed on the membrane of cells of the central and peripheral nervous system, which is in the activated state in NB. The negative effect of ALK gene anomalies on the prognosis in patients with different risk groups of NB is described. ALK gene aberrations are more often detected duringrelapse and refractory course of the disease. Because of its tissue specificity, ALK protein is an ideal target for targeted therapy. This article presents a literature review of the role of ALK in NB.
Are Surgical Rates Decreasing in the Biological Era In IBD?
Authors: Candido Francesca Di , Fiorino Gionata , Spadaccini Marco , Danese Silvio , Spinelli Antonino
Published: April 2019

Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), known as Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), are multifactorial, potentially debilitating diseases with probable genetic heterogeneity and unknown etiology. During the disease course of IBD, periods of inflammatory activity alternate with periods of remission. Severe complications in IBD often result in surgery. In the last two decades, major advances in medical treatment have changed the management of IBD. The advent of monoclonal antibodies targeting cytokines and adhesion molecules has brought a revolution in the treatment of IBD refractory to conventional therapy. However, it is not well established if these treatments could influence the long-term course of the diseases and the need for surgical treatment, though they have no severe adverse effects and improve quality of life. It has been shown that in the era of biologic agents, there has been a relative reduction in surgery rate for mild disease presentation, while the incidence of emergency or urgent surgery both for CD and UC remains unmodified. We summarized key data about current surgical rates in IBD after the advent of biologic agents.
Recent Patents and Discovery of Anti-inflammatory Agents from Marine Source
Authors: Kapoor Simrin , Nailwal Namrata , Kumar Maushmi , Barve Kalyani
Published: April 2019

Background:

Inflammation has become pathology in the majority of the prevalent diseases
such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, epilepsy and neurodegenerative disorders. Anti-inflammatory drugs
work wonder in all these conditions, where the patient has become refractory to standard treatment.
However, available anti-inflammatory agents have side effects associated with chronic use, thus if we
could develop safe and efficacious molecules, quality of health care provided will improve. Since plant
sources have been extensively explored, the focus needs to be shifted on the alternative natural sources
of anti-inflammatory agents. Water bodies especially the sea and ocean are under investigation to find
agents which can tackle inflammation.

Objective:

This article reviews anti-inflammatory agents obtained from five types of marine organisms
namely microalgae, sea cucumber, mussels, sponges and corals.

Methods:

A literature search was conducted using PubMed/Science Direct with keywords marine organisms,
inflammation, marine sponges, sea cucumber, mussels, corals and microalgae. Patents were
searched using the key terms inflammation, marine agents from www.google.com/patents,
www.uspto.gov, http://espacenet.com, www.freepatentsonline.com, www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/searchsimp.
jsp and www.freshpatents.com.

Results:

Literature and current patents have revealed applications of anti-inflammatory agents from
marine organisms in pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals. These agents are used to treat inflammatory
disorders ranging from minor allergy to chronic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. Marine waste is
also a valuable resource for nutraceuticals and anti-inflammatory agents.

Conclusion:

The findings reveal that marine organisms could be a promising source of novel antiinflammatory
agents. However, further investigations are suggested for the isolation and identification
of bioactive, exploring the mechanism of action and evaluating the efficacy in various inflammatory
conditions.
Fizik ve Kimya Disiplinleri için İlgi Çekici Olan Bağlamların Bağlam Disiplin İlişkisi Kapsamında Belirlenmesi
Authors: Bülbül Mustafa Şahin , Elmas Rıdvan , Eryılmaz Ali
Published: April 2019

Bu çalışmanın birinci amacı, bağlamların
disiplinlere göre tek disiplinli, iki disiplinli ve çok disiplinli olarak
sınıflandırılmasıdır. Diğeri ise öğretmen ve öğrencilerin öğrenmek ve öğretmek
istedikleri bağlamların belirlenmesidir. Bu çalışmada kullanılan anket formunda
bulunan 77 tane bağlam fizik ve kimya lise öğretim programlarından seçilmiştir.
Örneklem Ankara’daki 3 üniversitenin, 3 bölümünden 48 akademisyen ve 330
öğretmen adayı toplam 378 katılımcıdır. Bağlam ve disiplin ilişkisi ile ilgili
olarak yapılan betimleyici analiz sonuçlarına göre bağlamlar 4 gruba
ayrılmıştır. 48 tanesi yalnızca fizik ile 18 tanesi yalnızca kimya ile
ilişkilendirilmiş, 5 tanesi hem fizik hem de kimya ile ilişkili bulunmuş sadece
bir bağlam çok disiplinli olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Anketteki akademisyen ve
aday öğretmenlerin bu kavramları öğrenme ve öğretme isteklerini belirleyen
kısım incelendiğinde 65 bağlamın orta düzeyde öğrenmek ve öğretilmek istendiği
ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışma sonunda hem yüksek oranda öğrenilmek hem de
öğretilmek istenen ve çok disiplinli olan “insan” bağlamı ön plana
çıkmıştır.