bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating REDD+ Readiness: High-Potential Countries Based on MRV Capacity
Authors: Yang Hyunyoung , Song Minkyung , Son Hyeonyu , Kim Raehyun , Choi Eunho
Published: January 2025

The REDD+ framework (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, along with sustainable forest management and the conservation and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries) incentivizes developing countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance carbon storage by mitigating deforestation and forest degradation. To receive results-based payments, participating countries must meet United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) requirements for Measurement, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) capacities. This study categorizes developing countries into three phases based on MRV implementation levels: phase 1 (readiness), phase 2 (demonstration), and phase 3 (implementation). Unlike the higher implementation levels observed in phase 2 and phase 3 countries, phase 1 countries have received limited attention due to their early stages of REDD+ implementation. However, assessing the potential of these countries for future REDD+ engagement and Internationally Transferred Mitigation Outcome (ITMO) collaboration is crucial for achieving REDD+ goals. Thus, this study quantitatively assessed MRV capacity among phase 1 countries using an MRV capacity assessment tool, with the goal of identifying high-potential candidates for REDD+ advancement. We applied an MRV capacity assessment tool to 48 phase 1 countries out of the 71 developing countries registered on the REDD+ web platform as of September 2024. The results reveal that (1) the countries with the highest MRV scores were Ghana, India, Guatemala, Liberia, and Mongolia, with Ghana demonstrating strong potential for progression to the implementation phase due to its robust performance in both Measurement and Reporting components. In contrast, Chad scored the lowest, followed by Uruguay, Namibia, Mali, Cuba, and Benin. (2) Overall, phase 1 countries scored lower in the Reporting (R) component, which emphasizes administrative capacity, compared to the Measurement (M) component, which is technically oriented, highlighting the need for improved administrative capacity, particularly in developing and submitting the National Strategy/Action Plan and Safeguard Information System report to meet Cancun Agreement standards. While this study evaluates REDD+ implementation potential in phase 1 countries based on MRV capacity, future research should explore the effectiveness of strengthening MRV capacity through Official Development Assistance (ODA), assessing potential emissions reduction and ITMO potential.
Biotechnological Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum, Cellulase, and Xylanase on Nutritional Quality and Microbial Community Structure of Corn Stover Silage
Authors: Liu Jianliang , Liu Mingjian , Sheng Panjie , Song Chaoran , Ma Weiqin , Bai Baochao , Zhao Jiayu , Du Shuai , Ge Gentu , Wang Zhijun , Jia Yushan
Published: January 2025

As animal husbandry advances, the demand for premium feed has seen substantial growth, while the availability of natural forage resources remains limited. Corn stover, characterized by its high yield and rich nutritional content, has become a vital source of roughage. The application of silage technology to corn stover enhances its palatability, improves its nutritional value, and exerts positive effects on livestock production performance. This study aims to evaluate the impact of different additives and their proportions on the nutrient composition, fermentation quality, and microbial community structure of corn stover silage. Specifically, Lactobacillus plantarum, cellulase preparations (commercial cellulase enzyme preparations), and xylanase preparations (commercial xylanase enzyme preparations) were employed as additives to investigate their synergistic effects and underlying mechanisms during the silage process. Furthermore, dosage gradients were established to determine the optimal dosage range, providing a robust scientific basis for the optimization of additive applications. In this experiment, corn stover was used as the substrate, with the moisture content maintained at 60%. Treatments with Lactobacillus plantarum, cellulase, and xylanase were applied, and silage samples were analyzed after 30 and 60 days of fermentation to assess fermentation quality, nutritional quality, and microbial community structure. The findings revealed that the nutritional quality of corn stover silage improved progressively with fermentation time. Compared to the control group, the addition of Lactobacillus plantarum, cellulase, and xylanase significantly increased the abundance of lactic acid bacteria, reduced the pH value, and effectively suppressed the proliferation of spoilage microorganisms. Among the treatments, xylanase demonstrated the most pronounced effects, substantially increasing lactic acid and soluble carbohydrate content while reducing levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). Notably, the incorporation of 20 U/g xylanase into the silage process facilitated the breakdown of xylan in corn stover into soluble carbohydrates, thereby providing essential substrates for lactic acid bacteria and other beneficial microorganisms. This, in turn, inhibited the growth of harmful microorganisms, ultimately improving the nutritional quality, fermentation quality, and microbial community structure of the silage. These findings provide a theoretical framework and practical guidance for optimizing the production of corn stover silage, promoting efficient resource utilization, and supporting the sustainable development of animal husbandry.
Extremophilic Exopolysaccharides: Bioprocess and Novel Applications in 21st Century
Authors: Upadhyaya Chandni , Patel Hiren , Patel Ishita , Upadhyaya Trushit
Published: January 2025

Extremophiles, microorganisms blooming in extreme environmental conditions, hold particular significance in the domain of microbial research. This review paper focuses on extremophilic microorganisms, emphasizing their adaptations and the diverse products they generate, with a particular emphasis on exopolysaccharides (EPSs). EPSs, high molecular weight carbohydrate biopolymers, stand out as valuable products with applications across various industries. The review explores EPS production by bacteria in extreme conditions, including thermophilic, halophilic, and psychrophilic environments. Noteworthy examples, such as B. thermantarcticus and H. smyrnensis AAD6T, highlight the vast potential of extremophiles in EPS production. Additionally, the paper explores the major synthesis pathways of EPSs, shedding light on the factors influencing biosynthesis. The commercial significance of EPSs, especially for extremophiles, is underlined by their applications in medicine, food, environmental protection, agriculture, cosmetics, and more. Furthermore, the review sheds light on the role of extremophiles in various ecosystems, such as acidophiles, alkaliphiles, halophiles, hyperthermophiles, oligotrophs, osmophiles, piezophiles, and radioresistant organisms. This comprehensive analysis highlights the broad impact of extremophilic microorganisms and their EPS products in scientific exploration and commercial innovation.
Naringenin, a Food Bioactive Compound, Reduces Oncostatin M Through Blockade of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Signal Pathway in Neutrophil-like Differentiated HL-60 Cells
Authors: Han Na-Ra , Park Hi-Joon , Ko Seong-Gyu , Moon Phil-Dong
Published: January 2025

Oncostatin M (OSM) plays a crucial role in diverse inflammatory reactions. Although the food bioactive compound naringenin (NAR) exerts various useful effects, including antitussive, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, renoprotective, antiarthritic, antitumor, antioxidant, neuroprotective, antidepressant, antinociceptive, antiatherosclerotic, and antidiabetic effects, the modulatory mechanism of NAR on OSM expression in neutrophils has not been specifically reported. In the current work, we studied whether NAR modulates OSM release in neutrophil-like differentiated (d)HL-60 cells. To assess the modulatory effect of NAR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blotting, and immunofluorescence assay were employed. While exposure to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induced elevated OSM release and mRNA expression, the elevated OSM release and mRNA expression were diminished by the addition of NAR in dHL-60 cells. While the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase B (Akt), and nuclear factor (NF)-κB was upregulated by exposure to GM-CSF, the upregulated phosphorylation was inhibited by the addition of NAR in dHL-60 cells. Consequently, the results indicate that the food bioactive compound NAR may have a positive effect on health (in health promotion and improvement) or may play a role in the prevention of inflammatory diseases.
Stress-Relieving Effects of Japanese Green Tea: Evaluation Using the Molar Ratio of Caffeine and Epigallocatechin Gallate to Theanine and Arginine as an Indicator
Authors: Unno Keiko , Ikka Takashi , Yamashita Hiroto , Kameoka Yoko , Nakamura Yoriyuki
Published: January 2025

The major components of tea leaves and their infusions were analyzed for various types of green tea available in Japan in 2022. Almost all the green teas used were from the first crop, known for their high amino acid content. The amino acids theanine and arginine in green tea have been shown to reduce stress. On the other hand, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and caffeine, the major components of green tea, counteract the effects of theanine and arginine. We have shown that the CE/TA ratio, which is the ratio of the molar sum of caffeine (C) and EGCG (E) to the molar sum of theanine (T) and arginine (A), can be used to evaluate the stress-relieving effects of each green tea. Green tea with a CE/TA ratio smaller than 3 can be expected to have a stress-reducing effect. The CE/TA ratios of the tea leaves and infusions of Gyokuro, Sencha, and Tamaryokucha were less than 3, indicating that these teas are expected to have stress-relieving effects. In addition, when the same tea leaves were infused repeatedly, it was found that most of the amino acids were eluted by the first and second cups; therefore, no stress-relieving effect could be expected after the third cup.
Synergistic Synbiotic-Containing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Fructo-Oligosaccharide Alleviate the Allergenicity of Mice Induced by Soy Protein
Authors: Bai Jing , Zeng Qian , Den Wen , Huang Liheng , Wu Zhihua , Li Xin , Tong Ping , Chen Hongbing , Yang Anshu
Published: January 2025

Prebiotics and probiotics have key roles in the intervention and treatment of food allergies. This study assesses the effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum synergistic fructo-oligosaccharide (Lp–FOS) intervention using an allergic mouse model induced by soy protein. The results showed that Lp synergistic FOS significantly decreased clinical allergy scores, inhibited specific antibodies (IgE, IgG, and IgG1), IL-4, IL-6, and IL-17A levels, and increased IFN-γ and IL-10 levels. Meanwhile, flow cytometry showed that Lp–FOS intervention inhibited the percentage of dendritic cell (DC) subsets in splenocytes and increased the Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 ratios. Furthermore, Lp–FOS intervention upregulated the mRNA levels of T-bet and Foxp3 and downregulated the mRNA levels of GATA3. Finally, non-targeted metabolomic analysis showed that Lp–FOS improved serum metabolic disorders caused by food allergies through regulating glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, butanoate metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, the biosynthesis of cofactors, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. These data showed that the combination formulation Lp–FOS could be a promising adjuvant treatment for food allergies.
Fundamentals and Advances in Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels and Their Applications: A Review
Authors: Protsak Iryna S. , Morozov Yevhenii M.
Published: January 2025

This review summarizes the fundamental concepts, recent advancements, and emerging trends in the field of stimuli-responsive hydrogels. While numerous reviews exist on this topic, the field continues to evolve dynamically, and certain research directions are often overlooked. To address this, we classify stimuli-responsive hydrogels based on their response mechanisms and provide an in-depth discussion of key properties and mechanisms, including swelling kinetics, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility/biodegradability. We then explore hydrogel design, synthesis, and structural engineering, followed by an overview of applications that are relatively well established from a scientific perspective, including biomedical uses (biosensing, drug delivery, wound healing, and tissue engineering), environmental applications (heavy metal and phosphate removal from the environment and polluted water), and soft robotics and actuation. Additionally, we highlight emerging and unconventional applications such as local micro-thermometers and cell mechanotransduction. This review concludes with a discussion of current challenges and future prospects in the field, aiming to inspire further innovations and advancements in stimuli-responsive hydrogel research and applications to bring them closer to the societal needs.
“We Work in an Industry Where We’re Here to Care for Others, and Often Forget to Take Care of Ourselves”: Aged-Care Staff Views on Self-Care
Authors: Lane Anna P. , Tieman Jennifer
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aimed to explore self-care understanding and behaviours among aged-care workers in Australia. It was conducted as part of a project to co-produce a self-care resource for the Australian aged-care workforce. Methods: Semi-structured interviews with eleven aged-care staff and a focus group with four staff at an aged-care facility were undertaken to understand how staff understand and practice self-care and how death and dying affect workers. Thematic analysis was performed using software to generate a data coding tree. Results: Aged-care workers view self-care as taking care of oneself and as being a way to manage and maintain wellbeing so that they can continue to care. As practiced in daily life, self-care is highly individualised, with actions at work and at home having significant impact on a person’s wellbeing. Supportive organisational cultures and collegial teams were found to be particularly relevant in helping staff to deal with death and dying. Conclusions: Aged-care workers may benefit from an online self-care resource tailored to their specific needs and based on their first-hand experiences of working in aged-care. Organisations can support aged-care workers by creating space and time for self-care.
Community Vulnerability: Measuring the Health Situation of a Population After COVID-19 Through Electronic Health Record Indicators
Authors: Sierra-Ortega Andrea , González-Aguña Alexandra , Fernández-Batalla Marta , Monsalvo-San Macario Enrique , Gonzalo de Diego Blanca , Jiménez-Rodríguez Lourdes , Santamaría-García José María
Published: January 2025

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic made people face the fact that we are all vulnerable. This vulnerability can be measured through the Basic Variables of Care (BVC) using the Care Vulnerability Index (CVI). Health systems work with indicators that nurses can consult to understand the care and health situation of their population. These indicators provide valuable information on the vulnerability of the population. Objective: to determine the level of community vulnerability of a population group using health indicators from the computerized clinical records of Primary Care. Methods: observational, retrospective study from March 2023 to January 2024, with a sample of 2106 people assigned to a nurse at the Meco Health Centre (Madrid, Spain). Phases: selection of dashboard indicators, linkage to BVC, score assignment, population adjustment and calculation of the CVI. Results: The sample of indicators selects 18 out of 376 included in the Specific Dashboard; each indicator is related to 6 to 10 BCVs, with different rank values. Each score is adjusted by a Vulnerability Correction Factor according to the number of people included in the indicator. Finally, the population-adjusted CVI scores 1.95 points (percentile 37.90). Conclusions: community vulnerability is an essential tool in community health diagnostics and can be measured through health indicators that reflect the care situation of a population group at a given time, including changes in the situation in the face of health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Role of Social Integration in Chronic Disease Prevalences Among the Internal Migrant Populations in China: Evidence from a National Survey
Authors: Yang Xiao , Zhang Yixuan , Zou Siyu , Chen Yihang , Cai Ziqing , Zhu Ying , Tang Kun
Published: January 2025

Background: China has the world’s largest internal migrant population, yet chronic disease prevalence among this group remains largely overlooked. The integration of the internal migrant population into the local society may affect their noncommunicable disease prevalences and become a challenge for the public health system. This study aimed to explore the association between the social integration of China’s internal migrant population and the prevalences of chronic diseases, including hypertension and diabetes. Methods: This study used data from the 2017 China Migration Dynamic Survey. Social integration status was assessed using an 8-item Likert scale and categorized into four quartiles, with higher points indicating higher levels of social integration. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to examine the association between social integration level and the prevalences of hypertension, diabetes and combined chronic diseases. Disaggregated analysis was performed to explore the potential effect modification by age, sex, income, and migration duration. Results: A medium level of social integration was associated with lower prevalences of chronic diseases, while the lowest and highest levels of social integration were both associated with enhanced prevalence. Further disaggregation demonstrated the relationship between social integration and chronic disease prevalences were modified by various factors, including age, sex, income, and migration duration. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that both the lowest and highest levels of social integration can significantly affect chronic disease outcomes of China’s internal migrants. These findings emphasize the necessity to formulate tailored public health policies to effectively prevent and manage chronic diseases among the internal migrant population in China.
Enhancing Cracking Resistance and Post-Harvest Quality of Sweet Cherries (Prunus avium L.) Through Calcium and Potassium-Based Foliar Treatments
Authors: Varaldo Alice , Giacalone Giovanna
Published: January 2025

Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a highly valued fruit crop in Italy, but its production is challenged by environmental stresses, particularly rain-induced cracking, which significantly affects yield and quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of foliar applications of calcium and potassium salts in reducing cracking and enhancing the overall quality and shelf-life of the sweet cherry cultivar “Regina”. The experiment was conducted in a commercial orchard in Piedmont, Italy, where the foliar application was studied across various parameters, including shoot growth, fruit yield, cracking incidence, and post-harvest quality during a 14-day storage period at 2 °C and 75% RH. Results showed that foliar treatments improved vegetative growth and increased the proportion of marketable fruit within the desirable Ø 28 mm size category. Moreover, treated fruits exhibited reduced cracking, reduced weight loss, and higher firmness during storage. Antioxidant activity and anthocyanin content were also better preserved in treated cherries since the day of the harvest. These findings indicate that foliar applications of macro- and micro-nutrients can mitigate cracking and improve the post-harvest performance of sweet cherries, providing a practical strategy to increase both yield and fruit quality in regions with adverse weather conditions.
Application of Bottom Ash Derived from Livestock Manure Combustion-Improved Soil Physicochemical Properties and Nutrient Uptake of Creeping Bentgrass
Authors: Kim Young-Sun , Lim Seung-Jae , Lee Geung-Joo
Published: January 2025

This experiment examined the effects of blending bottom ash produced after combusting dry livestock manure (BACL, 2–4 mm particle) as a soil amendment on the physicochemical properties of the root zone and growth response of creeping bentgrass in sandy soil. The treatments were designed as follows: control [100% sand], 3% BACL (3% BACL + 97% sand), 5% BACL (5% BACL + 95% sand), 7% BACL (7% BACL + 93% sand), and 10% BACL (10% BACL + 90% sand). Although BACL improved the soil physical properties, such as the capillary porosity, total porosity, and hydraulic conductivity, it reduced the cation exchangeable capacity. The BACL treatments increased the pH, EC, Av-P2O5, and Ex-K compared to the control. The turf color index, chlorophyll content, shoot length, clipping yield, and shoot dry weight after the BACL treatments were similar to the control. The growth and nutrient uptake of the roots in the BACL treatment were higher than those of the control. The BACL application amount was positively correlated with the capillary porosity and total porosity of the root zone (p ≤ 0.01) and with the growth and nutrient levels of the roots (p ≤ 0.05). These results suggest that applying BACL as a soil amendment enhanced the uptake of phosphorus and potassium in the roots of creeping bentgrass by improving the soil porosity in the root zone and by supplying phosphate and potassium.
Growth and Diet of Northern Pike (Esox lucius) in Boreal Lakes: Implications for Ecosystem Management
Authors: Theis Sebastian , Shirton Jesse , Barbeau Michael , Ruppert Jonathan L. W. , Poesch Mark S.
Published: January 2025

An important top-down predator, the northern pike (Esox lucius), faces harsh environmental conditions in the northern boreal ecoregion. They are often managed for recreational fishing and, more recently, to create environmental offsets; strategies aimed at balancing ecological impacts by enhancing or restoring habitats. Our study examines northern pike populations in two remote boreal lakes in northern Alberta: Steepbank and Wappau. The lakes differ in size, vegetation cover, and trophic status, providing a natural experiment for investigating northern pike growth, condition, diet, and population density. Over three years (2018–2020), northern pike were sampled using gill nets. Population metrics, including growth, condition, and stomach contents, were compared between the lakes. Steepbank, a smaller, oligotrophic lake with low vegetation cover, showed lower prey fish densities compared to the larger, eutrophic Wappau, but it did not differ in northern pike catch per unit effort. Growth rates and body condition varied significantly between the lakes, with the northern pike in Wappau exhibiting faster growth and a better condition in the older age groups, while the younger northern pike in Steepbank had higher relative weights. A diet analysis revealed significant differences in prey consumption: Steepbank northern pike displayed higher rates of conspecific predation and invertebrate consumption, particularly in the younger age classes. These findings highlight how lake characteristics and prey availability shape northern pike population dynamics, offering valuable insights for lake management approaches in northern Alberta.
The Influence of Mat Pilates Training on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Women with Single or Multiple Cardiometabolic Diseases
Authors: Batista Jaqueline Pontes , Amaral Ana Luiza , Mariano Igor Moraes , Gonçalves Ludimila Ferreira , Tavares Julia Buiatte , Souza Tállita Cristina Ferreira de , Costa Juliene Gonçalves , Rodrigues Mateus de Lima , da Cunha-Junior Jair Pereira , de Araújo Karine Canuto Loureiro , Ribeiro Paula Aver Bretanha , Puga Guilherme Morais
Published: January 2025

This study compared the effects of Mat Pilates training on cardiovascular risk markers in postmenopausal women with single or multiple cardiometabolic conditions. Forty-four women were divided into single-condition (SINGLE; n = 20) and multiple-condition (MULTI; n = 24) groups. Both groups completed Mat Pilates three times per week for 12 weeks. Measurements of resting blood pressure, body composition, dietary intake, and blood markers were taken before and after the intervention. A Generalized Estimating Equation was used for hypothesis testing. MULTI presented higher body mass, BMI, fat mass, and waist circumference. Systolic blood pressure decreased more in SINGLE (−13 ± 15 mmHg) than in MULTI (−3 ± 16 mmHg, p interaction = 0.016 with diastolic reductions in both groups (SINGLE: −9 ± 12 mmHg; MULTI: −2 ± 11 mmHg, p interaction = 0.053). Triglycerides decreased only in SINGLE (−40 ± 98 mg/dL vs. +31 ± 70 mg/dL in MULTI, p interaction = 0.006), while no significant changes were observed in cholesterol levels. Adiponectin levels decreased in both groups (SINGLE: −1.5 ± 16.3; MULTI: −9.3 ± 12.4 vs. µg/dL, p time = 0.015). Glycated hemoglobin levels decreased over time in both groups (−0.3 ± 0.5% in SINGLE, −0.5 ± 0.6% in MULTI, p time < 0.001), with no significant changes in blood glucose. These findings suggest that Mat Pilates may be more effective in reducing cardiometabolic risk factors in women with a single condition compared to those with multiple conditions.
Exploring Molecular Mechanisms of Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Weiskirchen Ralf
Published: January 2025

Liver diseases, particularly metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), have emerged as a major global health concern, affecting millions of individuals and leading to increased morbidity and mortality [...]
Genetic Variation in Wheat Root Transcriptome Responses to Salinity: A Comparative Study of Tolerant and Sensitive Genotypes
Authors: Wu Gang , Sun Xuelian , Sun Qingyi , Kang Xin , Wang Jiayan , He Xiaoyan , Liu Wenxing , Xu Dengan , Dai Xuehuan , Ma Wujun , Zeng Jianbin
Published: January 2025

Salt tolerance is a critical trait for plant survival and productivity in saline environments. Development of salt tolerant crops is a practical strategy for addressing soil salinity issues. In this study, RNA-Seq analysis was performed using two wheat cultivars with contrasting salt tolerance (Neixiang188, tolerant and Barra, sensitive) at 6 h and 24 h after salinity treatment to determine the genetic variations reflected in the RNA expression patterns and identify key genes associated with salt tolerance. Our results revealed that there were 2983 upregulated and 1091 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were found in common in the two accessions. Meanwhile, 529 salt tolerant associated DEGs were subjected to GO function annotation, KEGG enrichment, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network prediction. Finally, a theoretical framework outlining the salt tolerance mechanisms of Neixiang188 was proposed. It can be inferred that Neixiang188 possesses superior ion homeostasis, ROS detoxification, and osmotic adjustment abilities compared to Barra when subjected to saline stress. The present research sheds light on the genetic foundation of salt tolerance in wheat and offers candidate genes for genetic manipulation. Our research insights enhance the comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying salt stress responses and could guide future breeding efforts for improving salt tolerance in crops.
The Effect of a Secondary Stressor on the Morphology and Membrane Structure of an Already Challenged Maternal and Foetal Red Blood Cell Population
Authors: Ferencz Ágnes , Chakraborty Payal , Papp Csaba , Teleki András , Dugmonits Krisztina , Orvos Hajnalka , Gácser Attila , Hermesz Edit
Published: January 2025

The red blood cell (RBC) membrane is unique and crucial for maintaining structural–functional relationships. Maternal smoking induces significant changes in the morphological, rheological, and functional parameters of both maternal and foetal RBCs, mainly due to the continuous generation of the free radicals. The major aim of this study was to follow the consequences of a secondary stressor, like fungal infection, on the already compromised RBC populations. The impact of Candida infection, a growing health concern, was investigated on four blood sample groups: mothers and their neonates originating from non-smoking versus smoking populations. Here, we searched for phenotypical and molecular markers that precisely reflected the effect of Candida infection on the RBC membrane; this included the level of hemolysis, appearance of morphological variants, formation of the lipid peroxidation marker 4-hydroxyl-nonenal, arrangement of the Band 3 molecules and activation of the Caspase 3. In most of the examined cases, the fungal infection increased the adverse symptoms induced by smoking, indicating a general stress response, likely due to an altered redox state of the cells. However, we were able to identify an atypical phenotype (clustered populations with shrinkage and membrane blebbing) in both the non-smoking and smoking populations, which might be a unique marker for Candida spp. infection.
An Innovative Method of Improving an Extract of Andrographis paniculata from Leaves: Its Anticancer Effect Involves the Cell Endoplasmic Reticulum
Authors: Maiuolo Jessica , Caminiti Rosamaria , Mazza Valeria , Oppedisano Francesca , Nucera Saverio , Serra Maria , Macrì Roberta , Palma Ernesto , Eng Annie , Mollace Vincenzo , Muscoli Carolina
Published: January 2025

In this manuscript, the effects of two extracts from Andrographis paniculata were tested: (a) an extract titrated to 49.7% of andrographolide and obtained from leaves of the plant: (b) the pure andrographolide titrated to 99%. The extracts were dissolved in 1-butanol and tested on tumor lines (MCF7 and SH-SY5Y) and the non-tumor line (Huvec) to understand the effects on cell proliferation. The addition of a sonication process improved their dissolution and efficacy making these extracts unique and innovative. The experiments conducted (viability measurements, solubility of the extracts, IC50 tests, measurement of oxidative potential, lipid and cytosolic calcium concentration, and mortality assessment by annexin assay) showed a different behavior of the extracts on cancer cells and not. In particular, the extracts did not cause toxic effects on the viability of the Huvec cells, while both tumor lines were damaged, demonstrating that cancer cells are more susceptible to extracts of A. paniculata than healthy cells. The mechanism of action responsible for the damage detected involved the functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum organelle and finally resulted in apoptotic death. For this reason, the extracts considered have shown a potential anti-tumor role and A. paniculata could be used and exploited in pharmacological therapy against cancer. However, further studies, obtained in clinical practice, should be conducted to increase knowledge of the effects of A. paniculata on the organism and its phytotherapeutic role.
CoAP/DTLS Protocols in IoT Based on Blockchain Light Certificate
Authors: Khoury David , Haddad Samir , Sondi Patrick , Balian Patrick , Harb Hassan , Danach Kassem , Merhej Joseph , Sayah Jinane
Published: January 2025

The Internet of Things (IoT) is expanding rapidly, but the security of IoT devices remains a noteworthy concern due to resource limitations and existing security conventions. This research investigates and proposes the use of a Light certificate with the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) instead of the X509 certificate based on traditional PKI/CA. We start by analyzing the impediments of current CoAP security over DTLS with the certificate mode based on CA root in the constrained IoT device and suggest the implementation of LightCert4IoT for CoAP over DTLS. The paper also describes a new modified handshake protocol in DTLS applied for IoT devices and Application server certificate authentication verification by relying on a blockchain without the complication of the signed certificate and certificate chain. This approach streamlines the DTLS handshake process and reduces cryptographic overhead, making it particularly suitable for resource-constrained environments. Our proposed solution leverages blockchain to reinforce IoT gadget security through immutable device characters, secure device registration, and data integrity. The LightCert4IoT is smaller in size and requires less power consumption. Continuous research and advancement are pivotal to balancing security and effectiveness. This paper examines security challenges and demonstrates the effectiveness of giving potential solutions, guaranteeing the security of IoT networks by applying LightCert4IoT and using the CoAP over DTLS with a new security mode based on blockchain.
The Impact of Hepatic Hydrothorax on the Outcome of Liver Cirrhosis: A Comparative Study
Authors: Bucurica Sandica , Parolă Ioana , Vasile Alexandru Gavril , Maniu Ionela , Mititelu Mihaela-Raluca
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Hepatic hydrothorax (HH) is a severe cirrhosis complication requiring early diagnosis and appropriate management. This study aimed to assess the impact of HH on the disease severity and mortality of cirrhotic patients and compare their clinical and biological profiles with those of patients without HH. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study involved 155 patients diagnosed with cirrhosis, of whom 31 had HH. The diagnosis of HH was based on imaging techniques such as X-ray, ultrasound, and thoracic CT scans. The severity of cirrhosis was evaluated using the Child-Pugh, MELD, MELD-Na, and MELD 3.0 scoring systems. Results: Of the included patients, 83.87% (n = 26) were men, with a 20% incidence of HH. The main etiology was chronic alcohol use. The pleural fluid localization revealed similar numbers of patients with bilateral and right pleural distribution. Patients with HH were predominantly classified in Child–Pugh–Turcotte class C. The MELD, MELD-Na, and MELD 3.0 scores had higher median values in the group of patients with hepatic hydrothorax. Still, death occurred at lower MELD scores when compared with cirrhotic patients without HH (MELD score > 22.5 for patients with HH vs. MELD > 32.5 for patients without HH). (The cirrhotic patients with HH presented lower serum albumin, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels and higher bilirubin, INR, and creatinine values. The mortality rate was higher in the group with HH-58,06% versus 20.97% in the control group (cirrhotics without HH). Conclusions: Hepatic hydrothorax is a serious complication of cirrhosis that requires early recognition and proper management, supported by using biomarkers and scoring systems.
Reinforcement of Polyethylene with Potassium Hexatitanate Whiskers: Importance of Polyvinylpyrrolidone Additive
Authors: Pan Qin , Jia Qinxiang , Xie Jin , Li Xiaoyong , Wu Yong , Sun Yang , Chu Suihong , Yang Bo , Chen Zhexi , Peng Kewei
Published: January 2025

Potassium hexatitanate whiskers are prepared and characterized in this study. The reinforcement of polyethylene with potassium hexatitanate whiskers is also investigated. The potassium hexatitanate whiskers are prepared through the calcination of TiO2 and K2CO3 at 1000 °C. It is determined that a polyvinylpyrrolidone additive is crucial for the formation of slender rod-like structures with smooth and flat surfaces and a high length-to-diameter ratio. For the surface modification of the whiskers, γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane has been identified as the most effective coupling agent for enhancing mechanical properties. The whiskers have little change in shape after surface modification, and the majority of the whiskers still retain a considerable length-to-diameter ratio. The results of mechanical tests indicate that the tensile strength and the modulus of elasticity, as well as the shear strength and the shear elasticity, are enhanced to some extent. The tensile strength and the modulus of elasticity increase by 18.6% and 3.6%, respectively. The modified polyethylene composites show enhanced softness and elasticity. The elongation at the break for the prepared PE/PHT-2-1 composites increases significantly to 38.1%, significantly exceeding that of unfilled polyethylene (6.84%). Nevertheless, a suitable method is established for reinforcing thermoplastic polymers using inexpensive potassium hexatitanate whiskers.
Lower Extremity Stretch-Shortening Cycle Performance in the Vertical and Horizontal Direction as Key Determinants of Success in Collegiate Male Taekwondo
Authors: Chiang Chieh-Ying , Chiang Yi-Chien , Lin Hsuan-Yu , Tseng Hao-Che , Chu Mu-Yen , Chang Jung-San
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The underlying mechanisms of taekwondo-specific jumping ability among different competition levels are still unknown. This study aimed to compare vertical and horizontal stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) performance between athletes of different competitive levels and examine the relationships of force and power production abilities between those two directions in Taiwanese collegiate-level male taekwondo athletes. Methods: Seventeen male collegiate taekwondo athletes were divided into two groups: medalists (MG, n = 8) and non-medalists (NMG, n = 9); both groups performed countermovement jumps (CMJ) on a force platform and single-leg lateral hops (SLLHs) via an optoelectronic measurement system. Eccentric and concentric phase measures from CMJ and distant and temporal variables of SLLH were collected for further analysis. Results: The MG achieved statistically superior jump height (JH), concentric peak velocity, eccentric peak force, force at 0 velocity, and eccentric displacement than NMG (d = 1.05–1.36). Although non-significant differences showed in SLLH variables, MG had better results than NMG (d = 0.40–0.84). Moderate relationships were identified between SLLH step 1 and JH, reactive strength index modified, peak concentric power, and peak concentric velocity of CMJ (r = 0.50–0.57, p < 0.05). Furthermore, step 2 ground contact time and lateral reactive strength index from SLLH were associated with CMJ peak eccentric force, peak concentric force, and force at 0 velocity (r = 0.53–0.59, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Taekwondo MG achieved superior CMJ and SLLH performance. In addition, jumping abilities in vertical and lateral directions shared specific underlying mechanisms in collegiate male taekwondo athletes.
The Use of Specific Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts as Sustainable Biocontrol Solutions Against Botrytis cinerea on Apples and Strawberries
Authors: Gomomo Zukisani , Fanadzo Morris , Mewa-Ngongang Maxwell , Chidi Boredi Silas , Hoff Justin Wallace , Rijst Marieta van der , Mokwena Lucky , Setati Mathabatha Evodia , du Plessis Heinrich Wilbur
Published: January 2025

Apples and strawberries hold significant commercial and nutritional value but face pre- and post-harvest spoilage due to infections by Botrytis cinerea. While spoilage is conventionally managed using synthetic chemicals, there is a growing interest in utilising yeasts as biological control agents. This study aimed to assess the antifungal potential of non-Saccharomyces yeasts Suhomyces pyralidae, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Pichia kluyveri, Zygoascus hellenicus, and Aureobasidium melanogenum against three B. cinerea strains (B05.10, IWBT-FF1, and PPRI 30807) on agar plates and in post-harvest trials on apples and strawberries. Aureobasidium melanogenum exhibited a broad range of extracellular enzyme production and inhibition rates of 55%, 52%, and 40% against the strains. In volatile organic compound (VOC) assays, P. kluyveri and S. pyralidae achieved 79% and 56% inhibition, respectively, with VOCs like isobutanol, isoamyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, isoamyl acetate, and 2-phenethyl acetate identified. In post-harvest trials, S. pyralidae was most effective on apples, with inhibition rates up to of 64%. The commercial fungicide Captan and S. pyralidae and P. kluyveri achieved 100% inhibition against the B. cinerea strains B05.10 and IWBT-FF1 on strawberries. These findings highlight the potential of the selected yeast species as biological control agents against B. cinerea, warranting further research into their application in commercial fruit protection.
Expression of Tissue Remodeling- and Inflammation-Related Factors During the Wound-Healing Process in Humans
Authors: Vardakostas Dimitrios , Moustogiannis Athanasios , Garoufalia Zoe , Karatza Elli , Philippou Anastassios , Kouraklis Gregory , Koutsilieris Michael , Mantas Dimitrios
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: There is a growing interest in the research of wound healing mechanisms worldwide. Particular attention has been paid to the expression of tissue remodeling- and inflammation-related factors. Herein, we investigate the expression patterns of TGF-β1, IL-6, TNF-a, uPA, uPA receptors, MMP-2, and MMP-9 through the four phases of the normal wound-healing process in humans. Methods: Twenty-two individuals presenting with a first episode of pilonidal sinus underwent surgical excision and the wound was left to heal by secondary intention. Sequential biopsies were collected on day 0 (operation), day 2 (inflammatory phase), day 9 (proliferative phase), and day 14 (tissue remodeling phase). The expression levels of the proteins were evaluated using reverse transcription–quantitative PCR. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism software. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Dunn’s Multiple Comparison post hoc test was used. Results: The results showed statistically significant differences in the expressions of the factors during wound healing (p < 0.05). TGF-b1 increased on days 2 and 9. TNF-a increased on day 2 and then decreased on day 9. Il-6 was increased on day 2 and decreased on days 9 and 14. uPa mRNA increased up to day 9 but its receptor exhibited high expression throughout the observation time. Finally, MMP-2 mRNA expression increased on day 2 and declined on days 9 and 14, while MMP-9 was highly expressed until the 14th postoperative day. Conclusions: Each factor investigated in this study has an important and distinct role in the normal wound repair procedure. Further investigation is required to evaluate the tissue-specific regulation of these factors and their potential use as therapeutic targets or prognostic biomarkers in wound healing.
Deep-Learning-Driven Insights into Nitrogen Leaching for Sustainable Land Use and Agricultural Practices
Authors: Hu Caixia , Li Jie , Pang Yaxu , Luo Lan , Liu Fang , Wu Wenhao , Xu Yan , Li Houyu , Tan Bingcang , Zhang Guilong
Published: January 2025

Nitrate leaching from soil presents a significant threat to soil health, as it can result in nutrient loss, soil acidification, and structural damage. It is crucial to quantify the spatial heterogeneity of nitrate leaching and its drivers. A total of 509 observational data points regarding nitrate leaching in northern China were collected, capturing the spatial and temporal variations across crops such as winter wheat, maize, and greenhouse vegetables. A machine learning (ML) model for predicting nitrate leaching was then developed, with the random forest (RF) model outperforming the support vector machine (SVM), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and convolutional neural network (CNN) models, achieving an R2 of 0.75. However, the performance improved significantly after integrating the four models with Bayesian optimization (all models had R2 > 0.56), which realized quantitative prediction capabilities for nitrate leaching loss concentrations. Moreover, the XGBoost model exhibited the highest fitting accuracy and the smallest error in estimating nitrate leaching losses, with an R2 value of 0.79 and an average absolute error (MAE) of 3.87 kg/ha. Analyses of the feature importance and SHAP values in the optimal XGBoost model identified soil organic matter, chemical nitrogen fertilizer input, and water input (including rainfall and irrigation) as the main indicators of nitrate leaching loss. The ML-based modeling method developed overcomes the difficulty of the determination of the functional relationship between nitrate loss intensity and its influencing factors, providing a data-driven solution for estimating nitrate–nitrogen loss in farmlands in North China and strengthening sustainable agricultural practices.
The Role of IL-6 and TNF-Alpha Biomarkers in Predicting Disability Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Băcilă Ciprian-Ionuț , Vlădoiu Maria-Gabriela , Văleanu Mădălina , Moga Doru-Florian-Cornel , Pumnea Pia-Manuela
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Inflammatory biomarkers, including Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), play a significant role in influencing stroke outcomes, particularly in the progression of post-stroke disability. While numerous studies have suggested a correlation between elevated levels of these cytokines and poor functional recovery, further investigation is needed to understand their prognostic value in acute ischemic stroke. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective study on 56 patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke, evaluating IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels on days 1 and 7 post symptom onset. Stroke severity was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and functional outcomes were measured with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the association between biomarker levels and stroke severity and recovery. Results: Our study demonstrated that elevated levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha on both days 1 and 7 were significantly correlated with greater stroke severity and poorer functional outcomes, as indicated by higher NIHSS and mRS scores. These findings are consistent with broader research indicating strong associations between inflammatory cytokines and post-stroke disability, further reinforcing their relevance as prognostic indicators. Conclusions: IL-6 and TNF-alpha are promising biomarkers for predicting stroke severity and functional recovery in acute ischemic stroke. Monitoring these cytokines in the early stages of stroke could aid in identifying patients at higher risk for long-term disability, potentially guiding personalized therapeutic strategies. Further research into anti-inflammatory therapies targeting these cytokines may improve stroke rehabilitation and outcomes.