bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Der Bayerische Hebammenbonus – Beitrag zum Monitoring der
freiberuflichen Hebammenversorgung in der Geburtshilfe in Bayern
Authors: Weiss Annette , Lanzinger Elisabeth , Schick Markus
Published: September 2021

Hintergrund Versorgungsengpässe in der Hebammenhilfe
könnten sich aufgrund steigender Geburtenzahlen in Bayern
verstärken. Hebammen sind bereits durch die jetzige Anzahl der Anfragen
ausgebucht und können die Betreuung von Schwangeren nur durch eine
Erhöhung der Arbeitszeiten stemmen. Besonders prekär stellt sich
die Situation bei den freiberuflich tätigen Hebammen in der Geburtshilfe
dar. Der Freistaat Bayern unterstützt diese Berufsgruppe und
gewährt diesen seit dem 01.09.2018 den Bayerischen Hebammenbonus in
Höhe von bis zu 1.000 € pro Jahr. Ziel der Analyse ist es, den
aktuellen Stand der deutschlandweit einzigartigen Hebammenförderung in
Bayern darzustellen und einen Überblick über aktuelle
Maßnahmen in Bezug auf die Verbesserung der Versorgungssituation in der
Geburtshilfe in Bayern zu geben.

Methodik Laut der Richtlinie des Hebammenbonus waren diejenigen Hebammen
anspruchsberechtigt, welche freiberuflich in Bayern tätig waren, einen
Hauptwohnsitz in Bayern besaßen und mindestens vier Geburten im
Antragsjahr betreut hatten. Die Daten der Förderanträge der
Antragsjahre 2017 und 2018 verwendeten wir, um die Anzahl der bewilligten
Anträge pro Antragsjahr und die soziodemographischen Charakteristika der
Antragstellerinnen darzustellen. Zudem analysierten wir die bayernweite
Verteilung der begünstigten Hebammen sowie die regionale
Versorgungsdichte der freiberuflichen Geburtshilfe.

Ergebnisse Im Antragsjahr 2017 erhielten insgesamt 723 Hebammen den Bonus.
Im Antragsjahr 2018 waren es bereits 852 Hebammen. Das Durchschnittsalter der
ausschließlich weiblichen Antragstellerinnen lag bei 44 Jahren im
Antragsjahr 2018. Im Jahr 2018 waren pro 100 000 Frauen im Alter von
15–44 Jahren 37 Hebammen freiberuflich in der Geburtshilfe in Bayern
tätig. Im regionalen Vergleich zeigte sich eine
überdurchschnittliche Versorgungsdichte in den Regierungsbezirken
Oberpfalz (52) und Niederbayern (54) und eine unterdurchschnittliche
Versorgungsdichte im Regierungsbezirk Oberfranken (13).

Schlussfolgerungen Zusammenfassend gewährt die Analyse des
Bayerischen Hebammenbonus einen, wenn auch eingeschränkten, Einblick in
die Versorgungssituation der freiberuflich durchgeführten Geburtshilfe
in Bayern. Inwiefern die politischen Maßnahmen die Versorgungssituation
in Bayern verbessern können, müsste jedoch über neu
generierte repräsentative Daten evaluiert werden. Hierbei wäre
eine zentrale Registrierung der Hebammen in Bayern hilfreich.
Role of Silver Diamine Fluoride in Dentistry
Authors: Khurshid Zohaib , Shabbir Juzer , Al-Otaibi Abdullah Khaled , Alsalem Abdulelah Mohammad , Alhamdan Abdulmalik Abdullah , Jouhar Rizwan , Ahmed Muhammad Adeel
Published: September 2021

Dental caries is the most prevalent disease in primary, mixed, and permanent dentition. Many preventive and treatment strategies were used in the last decades. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a promising nontoxic material which proves to be a turning point concerning conservative dentistry if the patient and dental practitioners are adequately educated regarding it. Several advantages have been reported related to the use of SDF, including the procedure being pain-free and drill-free, patient- and doctor-friendly caries control strategy, and management of dentinal hypersensitivity.
Perception of Factors Affecting Studies and Well–Being: A Dental Student Perspective
Authors: Hotchandani Sarang Suresh , Harjani Priya Rani , Shaikh Muhammad Ilyas , Khatoon Safia
Published: September 2021

Objective This study aimed to assess the perception of factors affecting studies and well-being among students of the Bibi Aseefa Dental College, Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan.

Materials and Methods Students of the Bibi Aseefa Dental College of various professional years were asked to respond to an online-based survey (Google Forms), which was then evaluated by SPSS 16.0 (SPSS Inc.; Chicago Illinois, United States) using the analysis-of-variance test. The study sample consisted of stratified random sampling. Inclusion criteria included students from year 1 to year 4 of their undergraduate studies during the study period of June 2019 to August 2019. Descriptive statistics including frequency and distribution regarding gender, year of study, age, external factors (stress, sleep, health, hobbies, financial, friends, paid work, voluntary work), reasons for choosing dentistry, and how these factors affecting the study were created.

Results The results showed that 97 students chose Bachelor of Dental Study (BDS) as a career because they were not selected in Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS). Overall, 52.41% students agreed that external factors are affecting their studies, 46.8% stated that they were stressed due to studies in past 12 months, 48.4% students agreed that their disturbed sleep due to academic assignments is affecting their studies, 29.9% stated that their health disturbance affected their studies in the past 12 months, and 48.4% responded that their own hobbies and sports work were affecting their academic grades.

Conclusion This study revealed that extracurricular factors were a cause of stress among dental students. The main cause of stress among the student was confusion about the syllabus of their academic year, resulting in a lack of sleep during the examination year, and favoritism among teachers for the students.
Improving Speech Understanding and Monitoring Health with Hearing Aids Using Artificial Intelligence and Embedded Sensors
Authors: Fabry David A. , Bhowmik Achintya K.
Published: September 2021

This article details ways that machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies are being integrated in modern hearing aids to improve speech understanding in background noise and provide a gateway to overall health and wellness. Discussion focuses on how Starkey incorporates automatic and user-driven optimization of speech intelligibility with onboard hearing aid signal processing and machine learning algorithms, smartphone-based deep neural network processing, and wireless hearing aid accessories. The article will conclude with a review of health and wellness tracking capabilities that are enabled by embedded sensors and artificial intelligence.
Variations in Nuss Procedure Operative Techniques and Complications: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Anbarasu Centura R. , Mehl Steven C. , Sun Raphael C. , Portuondo Jorge I. , Espinoza Andres F. , Whitlock Richard S. , Shah Sohail R. , Rodriguez J. Ruben , Nuchtern Jed G. , Minifee Paul K. , Le Louis D. , Stafford Shawn J. , Milewicz Allen L. , Mazziotti Mark V.
Published: September 2021

Introduction The Nuss procedure is the most common and preferred operative correction of pectus excavatum. Surgeon preference and patient factors can result in variations in Nuss procedure technique. We hypothesize that certain techniques are associated with increased risk of complications.

Materials and Methods We performed a single-center retrospective review of Nuss operations from 2016 to 2020. Variations in intraoperative techniques included sternal elevator (SE) use, number of bars placed, and usage of bilateral stabilizing sutures. Patient demographics, intraoperative data, and postoperative outcomes were reported as median with interquartile ranges or percentages. Statistical significance (p < 0.05) was determined with Wilcoxon's rank-sum and chi-square tests. Multivariate analysis was performed to control for introduction of intercostal nerve cryoablation and surgeon volume, and reported as odds ratio with 95% confidence interval.

Results Two hundred and sixty-five patients were identified. Patients repaired with two bars were older with a larger Haller index (HI). Patient demographics were not significantly different for SE or stabilizing suture use. Placement of two bars was associated with significantly increased risk of readmission. Similarly, SE use was associated with increased risk of pleural effusion and readmission. Finally, the use of bilateral stabilizing sutures resulted in less frequent slipped bars without statistical significance.

Conclusion Older patients with a larger HI were more likely to need two bars placed to repair pectus excavatum. Placement of multiple bars and SE use are associated with significantly higher odds of certain complications.
Binaural Signal Processing in Hearing Aids
Authors: Derleth Peter , Georganti Eleftheria , Latzel Matthias , Courtois Gilles , Hofbauer Markus , Raether Juliane , Kuehnel Volker
Published: September 2021

For many years, clinicians have understood the advantages of listening with two ears compared with one. In addition to improved speech intelligibility in quiet, noisy, and reverberant environments, binaural versus monaural listening improves perceived sound quality and decreases the effort listeners must expend to understand a target voice of interest or to monitor a multitude of potential target voices. For most individuals with bilateral hearing impairment, the body of evidence collected across decades of research has also found that the provision of two compared with one hearing aid yields significant benefit for the user. This article briefly summarizes the major advantages of binaural compared with monaural hearing, followed by a detailed description of the related technological advances in modern hearing aids. Aspects related to the communication and exchange of data between the left and right hearing aids are discussed together with typical algorithmic approaches implemented in modern hearing aids.
Long-Term Survivors of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Tertiary Care Centre Experience
Authors: Sharma Aparna , Sharma Atul , Sharma Vinod , Kumar Sunil , Kumar Akash , Deo SVS , Pathy Sushmita , Shukla NK , Pramanik Raja , Raina Vinod , Thulkar Sanjay , Kumar Rakesh , Mohanti BK
Published: September 2021

Background Prognosis of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is poor and goal of treatment is mainly palliative unless there is limited metastatic disease which is surgically resectable. Here, we report a case series of long-term survivors treated predominantly with chemotherapy.

Methods This is a single-center retrospective analysis of patients of mCRC. Records of metastatic colorectal cancer patients registered at Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, between the year 2005 and 2015 were retrieved and reviewed. Inclusion criteria were patients who survived 5 years or more, treated mainly by chemotherapy, with either initial presentation as metastatic disease or those who progressed after initial surgery with or without adjuvant therapy. The details about the patient characteristics, treatment, and outcome were collected. The data were censored on September 30, 2020.

Results Records of 370 mCRC patients were reviewed. Thirty-one patients with all the available details fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in the study. Median age was 53 years (range, 22–74 years). Sixteen were women (51.6%). Twenty-four (77%) were newly diagnosed cases with initial presentation as metastatic disease. Commonest site of primary was on the left (21, 67.6%) followed by right side and transverse colon in 5 patients each. Liver was the most common site of metastasis (n = 18, 58.06%). In metastatic setting, the most common chemotherapy regimen used in the first line was CAPOX (n = 11, 35.48%). Only three patients could undergo metastatectomy. Monoclonal antibodies could be used only in 14 patients. Median overall survival (OS) of this cohort is 81.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 69.73–117.9).

Conclusion A small but significant proportion of mCRC patients may achieve and maintain durable responses and long term survival with use of combination of chemotherapy with or without biologics.
Continuous real-time detection of quasiparticle trapping in aluminum nanobridge Josephson junctions
Authors: Farmer J. T. , Zarassi A. , Hartsell D. M. , Vlachos E. , Zhang H. , Levenson-Falk E. M.
Published: September 2021

Nonequilibrium quasiparticles are ubiquitous in superconducting electronics. These quasiparticles can trap in the internal Andreev bound states of a phase-biased Josephson junction, providing a mechanism for studying their presence and behavior. We characterize a quasiparticle trapping detector device based on a two junction aluminum nanobridge superconducting quantum interference device incorporated into a transmission line resonator. When the device is flux-biased, distinct resonant frequencies develop depending on the trapped quasiparticle number. We demonstrate continuous detection of up to 3 trapped quasiparticles, with detection of a trapped quasiparticle with a signal-to-noise ratio of 27 in 5 μs. We describe initial measurements of quasiparticle behavior and discuss the possible optimization and application of such detector devices.
Temporal-resolution cascade model for separation of 1-min beam and diffuse irradiance
Authors: Yang Dazhi
Published: September 2021

The procedure for splitting beam and diffuse components from the global radiation is known as separation modeling. Since the separation of irradiance components is required in a range of solar applications, hundreds of models with various complexities have been proposed in the literature. In this work, a new modeling philosophy, called the temporal-resolution cascade (TRC), is presented. The working principle of TRC models is to use low-resolution diffuse fraction estimates as input of a 1-min model. Based on a preliminary study, using two years (2019–2020) of data from seven locations, it is found that the TRC models are able to outperform most, if not all, existing separation models. All code and data are released for reproducibility.
Bacterial rhamnolipids and their 3-hydroxyalkanoate precursors activate
Arabidopsis
innate immunity through two independent mechanisms
Authors: Schellenberger Romain , Crouzet Jérôme , Nickzad Arvin , Shu Lin-Jie , Kutschera Alexander , Gerster Tim , Borie Nicolas , Dawid Corinna , Cloutier Maude , Villaume Sandra , Dhondt-Cordelier Sandrine , Hubert Jane , Cordelier Sylvain , Mazeyrat-Gourbeyre Florence , Schmid Christian , Ongena Marc , Renault Jean-Hugues , Haudrechy Arnaud , Hofmann Thomas , Baillieul Fabienne , Clément Christophe , Zipfel Cyril , Gauthier Charles , Déziel Eric , Ranf Stefanie , Dorey Stéphan
Published: September 2021

Significance

Activation of plant innate immunity relies on the perception of microorganisms through elicitors. Rhamnolipids and their precursor HAAs are exoproducts produced by bacteria. They are involved in bacterial surface dissemination and biofilm development. As these compounds are released in the extracellular milieu, they have the potential to be perceived by the plant immune system. Our work shows that both compounds independently activate plant immunity. We demonstrate that HAAs are perceived by the receptor protein kinase LORE. By contrast, rhamnolipids are not sensed by LORE but activate a noncanonical immune response influenced by the sphingolipid composition of the plant plasma membrane. Thus, plants can sense bacterial molecules as well as their direct precursors to trigger distinct immune responses.
The discrete-time Kermack–McKendrick model: A versatile and computationally attractive framework for modeling epidemics
Authors: Diekmann Odo , Othmer Hans G. , Planqué Robert , Bootsma Martin C. J.
Published: September 2021

Significance

We demonstrate the strength of a general discrete-time modeling framework in which model specification is reduced to the bare essentials. The approach is due to Kermack and McKendrick, dating from 1927. Despite the many citations, the true contents of their work is essentially unknown. On top of that, their continuous-time model takes the mathematical form of a renewal equation, and only a few experts can handle such equations numerically. Here, we establish that the discrete-time version is equally general and flexible and, yet, is very simple to parametrize on the basis of data and to implement computationally. This makes the framework highly suitable for studying control scenarios for epidemic diseases such as COVID-19.
Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamic in vivo using reporter-expressing viruses
Authors: Ye Chengjin , Chiem Kevin , Park Jun-Gyu , Silvas Jesus A. , Morales Vasquez Desarey , Sourimant Julien , Lin Michelle J. , Greninger Alexander L. , Plemper Richard K. , Torrelles Jordi B. , Kobie James J. , Walter Mark R. , de la Torre Juan Carlos , Martinez-Sobrido Luis
Published: September 2021

Significance

To date, due to the insufficient expression level of reporter genes from previous recombinant (r)SARS-CoV-2, in which the viral open reading frame (ORF) 7a gene was replaced by reporter genes, tracking the SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamic has been challenging. Here, we engineered rSARS-CoV-2 expressing fluorescent (Venus) or luciferase (Nano luciferase) reporter genes from the viral nucleocapsid (N) locus, without deleting any viral gene. These novel reporter-expressing rSARS-CoV-2, which give a higher expression level of reporter genes, allow us to monitor SARS-CoV-2 replication dynamic both in vitro and in vivo. These new reporter-expressing rSARS-CoVs-2 represent an excellent option to assess viral replication, tropisms, and pathogenicity as well as the rapid in vivo evaluation of effective countermeasures for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Composition and uses.
Authors: Thompson Anthony Keith , Oduro Ibok
Published: September 2021

This chapter focuses on the nutrient composition, processing, functional properties, and food and non-food uses of yams.
Some Dioscorea species.
Authors: Thompson Anthony Keith , Oduro Ibok
Published: September 2021

This chapter focuses on the morphology, bioactive compound and nutrient composition, and uses of some Dioscorea species.
Matching questions.
Authors: Bren Leon , Lane Patrick
Published: September 2021

This chapter contains matching questions. There is generally a theme for each question, relating to some aspect of hydrology and watershed management. Some questions call for putting the correct wording in specific places. Others call for cross-matching or pairing.
Commercially available carbohydrate drink with menthol fails to improve thermal perception or cycling exercise capacity in males
Authors: Podlogar Tim , Bolčič Tina , Cirnski Simon , Verdel Nina , Debevec Tadej
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this double‐blinded, crossover randomized and counterbalanced study was to compare the effects of ingesting a tepid commercially available carbohydrate–menthol‐containing sports drink (menthol) and an isocaloric carbohydrate‐containing sports drink (placebo) on thermal perception and cycling endurance capacity “in a simulated home virtual cycling environment”. It was hypothesized that the addition of menthol would improve indicators of thermal perception and improve endurance exercise capacity. Twelve healthy, endurance‐trained males (age 29 ± 5 years, height 181 ± 6 cm, body mass 79 ± 2 kg and V̇O2max 57.3 ± 6.4 mL kg−1 min−1) completed two experimental trials on a stationary bicycle without external air flow. Each trial consisted of (1) cycling for 60 min at 90% of the first ventilatory threshold while receiving a fixed amount of menthol or placebo every 10 min followed immediately by (2) cycling until volitional exhaustion (TTE) at 105% of the intensity corresponding to the respiratory compensation point. TTE did not differ between both conditions (541 ± 177 and 566 ± 150 s for menthol and placebo; p > 0.05) and neither did ratings of perceived thermal comfort or thermal sensation (p > 0.05). Also, the rectal temperature at the end of TTE was comparable between menthol and placebo trials (38.7 ± 0.2°C and 38.7 ± 0.3°C, respectively; p > 0.05). The present results demonstrate that the addition of menthol to commercially available sports drink does not improve thermal comfort or endurance exercise capacity during ∼65 min of intense virtual cycling.

Highlights

Ingestion of a commercially available carbohydrate–menthol beverage at high exercise intensity and without air flow does not improve endurance exercise capacity.

When ingested with carbohydrates, it appears that a combination of carbohydrates and menthol does not improve thermal discomfort caused by intense exercise and a lack of air flow.

A menthol concentration higher than 0.01% might be required to induce the reduction in thermal discomfort when ingested in combination with carbohydrates.
CD47 blockade enhances the efficacy of intratumoral STING-targeting therapy by activating phagocytes
Authors: Kosaka Akemi , Ishibashi Kei , Nagato Toshihiro , Kitamura Hidemitsu , Fujiwara Yukio , Yasuda Syunsuke , Nagata Marino , Harabuchi Shohei , Hayashi Ryusuke , Yajima Yuki , Ohara Kenzo , Kumai Takumi , Aoki Naoko , Komohara Yoshihiro , Oikawa Kensuke , Harabuchi Yasuaki , Kitada Masahiro , Kobayashi Hiroya , Ohkuri Takayuki
Published: September 2021

Activation of STING signaling plays an important role in anti-tumor immunity, and we previously reported the anti-tumor effects of STING through accumulation of M1-like macrophages in tumor tissue treated with a STING agonist. However, myeloid cells express SIRPα, an inhibitory receptor for phagocytosis, and its receptor, CD47, is overexpressed in various cancer types. Based on our findings that breast cancer patients with highly expressed CD47 have poor survival, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of combination therapy with the STING ligand cGAMP and an antagonistic anti-CD47 mAb using E0771 mouse breast cancer cells. Anti-CD47 mAb monotherapy did not suppress tumor growth in our setting, whereas cGAMP and anti-CD47 mAb combination therapy inhibited tumor growth. The combination therapy enhanced phagocytosis of tumor cells and induced systemic anti-tumor immune responses, which rely on STING and type I IFN signaling. Taken together, our findings indicate that coadministration of cGAMP and an antagonistic anti-CD47 mAb may be promising for effective cancer immunotherapy.
Gut epithelial IL-27 confers intestinal immunity through the induction of intraepithelial lymphocytes
Authors: Lin Chia-Hao , Chen Mei-Chi , Lin Ling-Li , Christian David A. , Min Booki , Hunter Christopher A. , Lu Li-Fan
Published: September 2021

IL-27 controls a diverse range of immune responses in many disease settings. Here, we identify intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) as one of the major IL-27 cellular sources in the gut-associated tissue. Unlike IL-27 secreted by innate immune cells, gut epithelial IL-27 is dispensable for T-bet+ regulatory T cell (T reg cell) differentiation or IL-10 induction. Rather, IEC-derived IL-27 specifically promotes a distinct CD8αα+CD4+ intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) population that acquires their functional differentiation at the intestinal epithelium. Loss of IL-27 in IECs leads to a selective defect in CD8αα+CD4+ IELs over time. Consequently, mice with IEC-specific IL-27 ablation exhibited elevated pathogen burden during parasitic infection, and this could be rescued by transfer of exogenous CD8αα+CD4+ IELs. Collectively, our data reveal that in addition to its known regulatory properties in preventing immune hyperactivity, gut epithelial IL-27 confers barrier immunity by inducing a specific IEL subset and further suggest that IL-27 produced by different cell types plays distinct roles in maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
Chiral splitting of Kondo peak in triangular triple quantum dot
Authors: Liu Yi-Ming , Wang Yuan-Dong , Wei Jian-Hua
Published: September 2021

New characteristics of the Kondo effect, arising from spin chirality induced by the Berry phase in the equilibrium state, are investigated. The analysis is based on the hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) approach in a triangular triple quantum-dot (TTQD) structure. In the absence of magnetic field, TTQD has four-fold degenerate chiral ground states with degenerate spin chirality. When a perpendicular magnetic field is applied, the chiral interaction is induced by the magnetic flux threading through TTQD and the four-fold degenerate states split into two chiral state pairs. The chiral excited states manifest as chiral splitting of the Kondo peak in the spectral function. The theoretical analysis is confirmed by the numerical computations. Furthermore, under a Zeeman magnetic field B, the chiral Kondo peak splits into four peaks, owing to the splitting of spin freedom. The influence of spin chirality on the Kondo effect signifies an important role of the phase factor. This work provides insight into the quantum transport of strongly correlated electronic systems.
Theoretical calculation of the quadratic Zeeman shift coefficient of the

3P0o

clock state for strontium optical lattice clock
Authors: Lu Benquan , Lu Xiaotong , Li Jiguang , Chang Hong
Published: September 2021

In the weak-magnetic-field approximation, we derived an expression of quadratic Zeeman shift coefficient of

3

P
0
o

clock state for 88Sr and 87Sr atoms. By using this formula and the multi-configuration Dirac–Hartree–Fock theory, the quadratic Zeeman shift coefficients were calculated. The calculated values C
2 = –23.38(5) MHz/T2 for 88Sr and the

3

P
0
o

, F = 9/2, MF
= ±9/2 clock states for 87Sr agree well with the other available theoretical and experimental values, especially the most accurate measurement recently. In addition, the calculated values of the

3

P
0
o

, F = 9/2, MF
= ±9/2 clock states were also determined in our 87Sr optical lattice clock. The consistency with measurements verifies the validation of our calculation model. Our theory is also useful to evaluate the second-order Zeeman shift of the clock transition, for example, the new proposed 1
S
0, F = 9/2, MF
= ±5/2–

3

P
0
o

, F = 9/2, MF
= ±3/2 transitions.
Influence of intramolecular hydrogen bond formation sites on fluorescence mechanism
Authors: Zhan Hong-Bin , Zhang Heng-Wei , Jiang Jun-Jie , Wang Yi , Fei Xu , Tian Jing
Published: September 2021

The fluorescence mechanism of HBT-HBZ is investigated in this work. A fluorescent probe is used to detect HClO content in living cells and tap water, and its structure after oxidation by HClO (HBT-ClO) is discussed based on the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). At the same time, the influence of the probe conformation and the proton transfer site within the excited state molecule on the fluorescence mechanism are revealed. Combined with infrared vibrational spectra and atoms-in-molecules theory, the strength of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in HBT-HBZ and HBT-ClO and their isomers are demonstrated qualitatively. The relationship between the strength of intramolecular hydrogen bonds and dipole moments is discussed. The potential energy curves demonstrate the feasibility of intramolecular proton transfer. The weak fluorescence phenomenon of HBT-HBZ in solution is quantitatively explained by analyzing the frontier molecular orbital and hole electron caused by charge separation. Moreover, when strong cyan fluorescence occurs in solution, the corresponding molecular structure should be HBT-ClO(T). The influence of the intramolecular hydrogen bond formation site on the molecule as a whole is also investigated by electrostatic potential analysis.
A broadband self-powered UV photodetector of a β-Ga2O3/γ-CuI p-n junction
Authors: Sun Wei-Ming , Sun Bing-Yang , Li Shan , Ma Guo-Liang , Gao Ang , Jiang Wei-Yu , Zhang Mao-Lin , Li Pei-Gang , Liu Zeng , Tang Wei-Hua
Published: September 2021

The symmetric Ti/Au bi-layer point electrodes have been successfully patterned on the β-Ga2O3 films which are prepared by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and the γ-CuI films which are prepared by spin-coating. The fabricated heterojunction has a large open circuit voltage (V
oc) of 0.69 V, desired for achieving self-powered operation of a photodetector. Irradiated by 254-nm ultraviolet (UV) light, when the bias voltage is –5 V, the dark current (I
dark) of the device is 0.47 pA, the photocurrent (I
photo) is –50.93 nA, and the photo-to-dark current ratio (I
photo/I
dark) reaches about 1.08 × 105. The device has a stable and fast response speed in different wavelengths, the rise time (τ
r) and decay time (τ
d) are 0.762 s and 1.741 s under 254-nm UV light illumination, respectively. While the τ
r and τ
d are 10.709 s and 7.241 s under 365-nm UV light illumination, respectively. The time-dependent (I–t) response (photocurrent in the order of 10−10 A) can be clearly distinguished at a small light intensity of 1 μW⋅cm−2. The internal physical mechanism affecting the device performances is discussed by the band diagram and charge carrier transfer theory.
Doublet luminescence due to coexistence of excitons and electron-hole plasmas in optically excited CH3NH3PbBr3 single crystal
Authors: Wang Jie , Ma Guang-Zhe , Cao Lu , Gao Min , Shi Dong
Published: September 2021

Doublet luminescence from hybrid metal trihalide perovskite semiconductors is observed along with materials processing when high-quality single crystals are obtainable. Yet, the underlying physical mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we report controllable solution-processed crystallization that affords high-quality CH3NH3PbBr3 single crystals with atomically flat pristine surfaces. Front-face photoluminescence (PL) shows doublet luminescence components with variable relative intensities depending on the crystal surface conditions. We further find that the low-energy PL component with asymmetric spectral line-shape becomes predominant when the atomically flat crystal surfaces are passivated in the ion-abundant saturated solutions, while poor-quality single crystal with visually rough surface only gives the high-energy PL with symmetric line-shape. The asymmetric spectral line-shape of the low-energy PL matches perfectly with the simulated bandedge emission. Therefore, the low-energy PL component is attributable to the intrinsic bandedge emission from the crystal bulk while the high-energy one to surface-specific emission. Elliott fitting to the absorption data and multi-exponential fitting to the time-resolved photoluminescence traces jointly indicate the coexistence of excitons and electron–hole plasmas in optically excited CH3NH3PbBr3 single crystals, thereby catching the physical merit that leads to the occurrence of doublet luminescence.
Reduction scheme for coupled Dirac systems
Authors: Castillo-Celeita Miguel , Jakubský Vít
Published: September 2021

We analyze a class of coupled quantum systems whose dynamics can be understood via two uncoupled, lower-dimensional quantum settings with auxiliary interactions. The general reduction scheme, based on algebraic properties of the potential term, is discussed in detail for two-dimensional Dirac Hamiltonian. We discuss its possible application in description of Dirac fermions in graphene or bilayer graphene in presence of distortion scattering or spin–orbit interaction. We illustrate the general results on the explicit examples where the involved interactions are non-uniform in space and time.
Emission characteristics of biodiesel fuels produced from Rapeseed Oil
Authors: Dieng M T , Iwanaga T , Yurie Y C , Torii S
Published: September 2021

This present research is focused on emission characteristic of biodiesel fuels produced from rapeseed oil. Biodiesel fuels are produced through an optimization of transesterification conditions based on the variation of the molar ratio of alcohol /oil using methanol and ethanol. Best samples are obtained after a transesterification reaction involving an alcohol/oil molar ratio of 18:1, 1% of potassium hydroxide as catalyst, 60 minutes of reaction time, a reaction temperature at 60°C and a stirring speed of 650rpm. The biodiesel fuels show a higher fuel consumption rate and exhaust gas temperature when the engine speed is increased. They also exhibit lower NOx emission with a slight rise in CO and CO2 emission compared to mineral diesel fuel tested in same conditions.
Seakeeping and resistance analysis of 1200 GT passenger ship fitted with NACA 4412 stern foil using CFD method
Authors: Asmara I P S , Sumardiono  , Adam M
Published: September 2021

Seakeeping performance is one of the requirements to ensure the convenience and safety of life at sea, especially for passenger ships. In this paper, the result of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses concerning the effect of NACA 4412 stern foil to the improvement of seakeeping quality and resistance of 1200 GT passenger ship are presented. The fitting of stern foil has become a popular method for the improvement of ship design. Stern foil is hydrofoil attached to the transom of the vessel located at the stern part below the waterline. The analysis was developed on the conditions of regular and irregular head waves. The CFD computation on 8 variations of the stern foil position and attack angle has been carried out by using Numeca Fine/Marine. The study confirms that the ship resistance decrease by 3.6 % at the service speed of the ship. The improvement of heaving and pitching amplitudes, as well as heaving acceleration, are significant for the hull vane located at 50% of displacement draft and 1% of displacement length with the attack angle of −4°.
Design floating robot of shallots irrigation with GPS based and using the waypoint navigation method
Authors: Nofandi F , Devandra R H , Hasugian S , Sutrisno I , Setiawan E
Published: September 2021

Shallots are tuber plants that are used as a spice in cooking. Watering shallots in the right way regularly will produce quality shallots. Currently many shallot farmers in Indonesia still need the services of daily workers (laborers), especially farmers in Kab. Nganjuk, East Java. The watering process is still manual. In addition, it is difficult to find daily workers (laborers). This of course will create losses for farmers. With technological developments in the current era, the writer wants to make a tool that can be used by shallot farmers. This tool uses GPS to navigate the trench traversed using the waypoint method. Apart from using GPS, this tool also uses ultrasonic sensors which function to keep the robot in the trench line. For watering this robot uses a dc water pump with high pressure so that it can reach the plants from the trench. This tool can be operated using an android application that makes it easier for farmers.
Fish aggregating devices as buoyant apparatus for improving safety on traditional fishing vessel
Authors: Wibawa P A , Wahidin A , Subiyanto L
Published: September 2021

The availability of standard safety equipment on fishing vessels in Indonesia is still a problem that needs to be addressed. Liferaft, which functions as a rescue raft for the crew when the ship has an accident and sinks, is rarely found on traditional fishing vessel in Indonesia. Traditional fishermen believed that some of the equipment on board can be used as safety equipment, such as the floating part of Fish Aggregating Devices. Proper buoyant apparatus has been designed to fulfil the minimum standard for safety equipment according to FAO/ILO/IMO recommendation. The designed buoyant apparatus has other function as a floating part for FAD. The buoyant apparatus can hold 6 crew in the water, and at the same time can support FAD module that consist of 1 unit 100WP solar panel, 4 unit batteries 12v 18Ah, and 4 light @10watt.
Design of printed circuit board detection with image information technology
Authors: Tibyani  , Hayati N , Sutrisno I , Khumaidi A , Rahman M A , Gumelar F , Dhipanusa K , Filemon  , Supriyanto E
Published: September 2021

In this research, an automatic PCB’s deffects checking tool will be made with image processing technology that adopts Haar Cascade Classifier method as a decision maker for whether or not a broken circuit on the PCB, with this technology the PCB will be detected using a square feature to show the broken path. will be displayed on the interface on the monitor. From the results of the test, data using the Haar Casscade Classifier method has the average percentage of successful detection of broken paths on the PCB at a camera distance of 26 cm and 16 cm is 52.49% with the maximum hassle obtained when the camera distance is placed at a distance of 26 cm and an angle position of 105 degrees which has a success rate of 97.5%. This method is good enough for PCB defect detection tools.
Experimental study of air velocity effect of heat transfer in distillation condenser
Authors: Wibolo A , Made A A I , Sudirman
Published: September 2021

A cooling tower is a heat exchanger equipment that uses water splashing media to lower the temperature by extracting heat from the water and emitting it into the atmosphere. Wind speed or velocity of wind waves is a fundamental atmospheric quantity caused by moving air from high pressure to low pressure while wind is moving air. Air velocity has an effect on the value of heat transfer coefficient, the faster the air, the better the value so that the heat transfer that occurs is also better. Research was also carried out on the human body to see forced convection due to the movement of these parts of the body, resulting in that the faster the body moves, the better the heat transfer coefficient value, this is related to the air flow that occurs on the body surface. The test shows that the more blower rotation make faster the heat transfer that occurs. At 2500 RPM rotation shows higher heat transfer by producing an average of 29.210 watts, the displacement decreases when the rotation is lowered to 1700 RPM to produce an average of 20.677 watts. The effectiveness of the tool by increasing the rotation from 1700 to 2500 by 32%.
Analysis static load to strength a Ship-RUV structure using finite element method
Authors: Budianto  , Sutrisno I , Ramat M B , Indarti R , Santosa A W B
Published: September 2021

Conditions of accidents or marine transportation incidents can cause several conditions in the ship's part to experience structural deformation or a condition to experience cracks in the hull of the ship which causes the ship to experience flooding and sinking. The latest method of technology that is developing in the world today has used the unmanned dive method using RUV (Remotely Underwater Vehicle). It is a specific solution with Ship-RUV technology was developed by prioritizing simpler technology of size and function capacity but using reliable technology and materials. At first, the technology developed in Ship-RUV with design and analysis using finite element. Finite element used to solve the problem; it subdivides a large system into smaller, simpler parts with a numerical approach. Structural Ship-RUV is acceptable when actual stress 60.16 N/mm2 less than allowable stresses. In the initial ROV design structure analysis, it was found that the bending stress value reached 102.01 N / mm2 obtained from the calculation of cremona or mechanical in the stanchion structure. While in the analysis of new Ship-RUV model uses the Finite Element method and gets the value of the bending stress of 60.16N/mm2 is obtained which is equipped with a visual stress distribution.
A review of concrete durability in marine environment
Authors: Pratiwi W D , Putra F D D , Triwulan  , Tajunnisa Y , Husin N A , Wulandari K D
Published: September 2021

There are many concrete constructions in marine environments. Due to its salinity content, seawater is aggressive, both towards concrete and reinforcement. Concrete interacts with seawater which causes deterioration. The chemical attack occurs at least through 3 common mechanisms: sulfate-attack, carbonation, and chloride-induced corrosion of reinforcement. The chemical resistance of concrete is determined by the porosity and chemical composition of the concrete. Partly subsitution of cement with supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) known as an effective way to create the less permeable concrete. Concrete with fly ash as SCM has excellent potential to be applied to marine construction in Indonesia because the abundant availability of fly ash in Indonesia and the presence of aluminum species in fly ash provide an opportunity to increase binding capacity to chloride.
Microstructure of Al-Mg thin free-standing films
Authors: Bajtošová L , Králík R , Křivská B , Libenská H , Veselý J , Cieslar M
Published: September 2021

Thin Al-Mg films were prepared by a DC magnetron sputtering on glass substrates covered with photoresist and subsequently free-standing samples were released from the substrate. The surface morphology, grain size and orientations were characterized by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy equipped with automated orientation and phase mapping software. The grain growth mechanism during sputtering is consistent with sputter deposition oblique incidence theory for growth. Strong preferred (110) orientation in direction perpendicular to the sample surface has been observed in all studied samples.
Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties of duplex steel SAF 2507 manufactured by DED
Authors: Brázda M , Salvetr P , Rzepa S , Melzer D , Vavřík J
Published: September 2021

This work is focused on the influence of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of duplex steel SAF 2507 produced by direct laser deposition (DLD). Duplex steels combine the advantages of ferritic and austenitic steels and reach excellent combination of mechanical and corrosion properties. The best properties are achieved by approximately equal phase ration of ferrite and austenite. Therefore, the proportion of austenite and ferrite before and after heat treatment was investigated within the study. Direct laser deposition technology was used for sample production. The DLD works on the principle of laser melting of the feedstock material (powder), which is carried by a protective gas into the nozzle. The material is successively deposited on the build platform. This technology can be used as an additive manufacturing process for surface repairs and component modifications. In this experimental study, the samples were deposited and subsequently subjected to the heat treatment. Solution annealing was chosen as the heat treatment method. The microstructure was characterized by LM, SEM and EBSD analyses. The mechanical tests were performed by a tensile testing on miniaturized specimens extracted from the experimental material in three orientations. The heat treatment had a fundamental effect on the proportion of austenite and ferrite, but also on the resulting mechanical properties. From the mechanical properties the maximum values of YS/UTS ∼ 680/830 MPa were reached and after heat treatment ∼ 540/760 MPa were reached.
Boronizing in Arms Industry
Authors: Hajek J. , Coufal V.
Published: September 2021

Comparison is made between several thermochemical treatment methods, with focus on boronizing. Boronizing has the potential to become a substitute for chromium plating or nitriding (gas nitriding) in the arms industry. This experimental study explored the chemical composition, hardness, corrosion resistance, tribological properties and toughness of several surface layers and coatings. The experimental substrates were EN 32CrMoV12-10 and EN 31CrMoV9 steels. Boronizing is intended for the gas tube and piston of a specific firearm. In the boride layer, the hardness of 1900 HV0.1 was reached. In the chromium and nitrided layers, hardness was 1100 HV0.1. In these experiments, original rifle tubes and disc samples were used. The thicknesses were as follows: the chromium layer: up to 70 μam, boride layer: 100 μam and nitride layer: 290 μam. Wear properties were compared using the Pin-on-Disc wear test. Fracture toughness according to Palmquist was the highest in the nitride case and the lowest in the chromium layer. Across all the layers, the range was from 2.5 to 9.5 MN/m3/2. Some differences were found between the boride layer with post-process heat treatment and layers without heat treatment. As a result of the research, it was found that Boronizing of the gas tube proved a suitable substitute for hard chrome plating or nitriding.
Thermal conductivity of SLM deposited H13 steel
Authors: Halmešová K , Džugan J , Ackermann M , Koukolíková M , Trojanová Z
Published: September 2021

Hot-worked H13 tool steel was deposited using selective laser melting (SLM) process in different deposition conditions. The samples were deposited in 2 different directions: parallel and perpendicular to the base plate of SLM device. Thermal conductivity of the deposited samples was calculated on the base of laser flash measurements up to 700°C. Furthermore, the thermal expansion, specific heat, and thermal diffusivity of the deposited samples and their variations with different deposition conditions are also presented. To explain the measured differences in thermal properties, some metallographic studies together with porosity investigation are also provided. It was shown that all measured thermal properties of the samples are affected by temperature and that the microstructural defects play an important role for the resulting thermo-physical properties.
Development of a methodology for measuring fracture toughness using sub size test specimens
Authors: Chvostová E. , Džugan J , Rund M.
Published: September 2021

To obtain real data of mechanical properties-fracture toughness-to describe the behaviour of cracks in the material, standard 1T-CT test specimens are usually used that, according to the standard, have the dimensions of 50x62.5 and a thickness of 25 mm. In the case of lack of material obtained for example by 3D printing, SPD methods, or by semi-destructive sampling from a real component to evaluate its residual life, these tests cannot be performed using a standard sample, but can be performed using a designed miniaturized test specimen marked as 0.16T-CT with dimensions 10x10 and thickness 4 mm. This paper contains the development of a methodology for testing fracture toughness using a sub-sized test specimens and a comparison of the obtained results with the results of tests obtained using a standard specimen. The techniques based on miniaturized test specimens for determining fracture toughness have been shown here as a tool to provide a deeper insight into the fracture behaviour of a material and to understand better the behaviour of the material in cases where a limited number of experiments are available.
Advanced techniques applied to analyse the influence of the heat treatment on the mechanical properties, microstructure and texture of additively produced components from maraging steel
Authors: Koukolíková M , Brunát V , Wolf G , Simson T , Koch J
Published: September 2021

The experimental program Metallic materials in the process chain of additive manufacturing is focused on the characterization of laser powder bed fused materials (L-PBF). Metallographic analysis, electron backscatter diffraction supported by micro tensile testing were used to analyse the material properties of the maraging steel MS1. The main goal of the research was to use advanced techniques to investigate the influence of the additive manufacturing with very fine powders, and subsequent heat treatment on the microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of the components from maraging steel.
The influence of Zener drag on recrystallization behaviour of twin-roll cast AA8079 alloy after homogenization
Authors: Králík R , Křivská B , Bajtošová L , Cieslar M
Published: September 2021

Intermediate annealing is a crucial step of aluminum foil production. The as-cast material hardens during rolling and an annealing step is required at intermediate gauges to soften the material and restore its ductility. Generally, fine recrystallized structure could assure sufficient ductility for further rolling and processing. Recrystallization of the material during intermediate annealing can be controlled by a microstructure tailored during homogenization. Recrystallization behaviour of a twin-roll cast aluminum alloy AA8079 was studied. The as-cast strip was homogenized at 420 °C and 580 °C and rolled down to two different thicknesses. Evolution of microstructure of rolled materials during a model intermediate annealing was studied, and Zener drag and particle stimulated nucleation were determined as mechanisms controlling recrystallization.