bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Xanthoma Disseminatum In a Pair of Blind, Deaf Male Twins
Authors: Natanzi Naveed , Peng David , Ahdoot Eli , Ghatan Sandra , Reinstandler Amy , Ram Ramin
Published: April 2011

Xanthoma disseminatum (XD) is a rare normolipemic histiocytic disorder of non-Langerhans cell origin characterized by erythematous to tan/brown papules in flexor surfaces. Considered a generally benign, chronic disease of unknown etiology, XD typically affects the skin, mucous membranes, and less commonly, other organs. To date, there has been no typical or consistent inheritance pattern described, nor has it ever been considered as a component of any known syndrome. We describe, for the first time, two cases of XD in a pair of blind and deaf twin brothers.
Nonlinear wave modeling and dynamic analysis of internal thermally coupled distillation columns
Authors: Liu Xinggao , Zhou Yexiang , Cong Lin , Zhang Jie
Published: April 2011

Internal thermally coupled distillation column (ITCDIC) is a frontier in the energy saving distillation research. It is well known for the complex dynamics, which challenge the establishment of an excellent reduced model for further control strategy design greatly. In this article, a physical approach of the ITCDIC process based on nonlinear wave theory is explored, where it is first discovered that traditional wave theory in conventional distillation columns (CDIC) could not be directly applied in ITCDIC, due to: First, the internal thermal coupling results in mole flow rates varying evidently over each stage, which not only makes the wave modeling of the wave phenomenon in ITCDIC more difficult but also makes wave dynamics greatly different between ITCDIC and CDIC; Second, an interesting wave phenomenon of ITCDIC is discovered that waves located in the rectifying section and stripping section travel under opposite tendencies when the steady state is disturbed by the step change of thermal condition q, one sharpens and the other is likely to spread synchronously, it means the movement of wave profiles in ITCDIC could not be simply described by shock wave velocity, which is usually used in wave modeling of CDIC; more seriously, shapes of the self‐sharpening wave profiles in ITCDIC change obviously during the traveling processes, which further reveals that shape influence on wave velocity has to be considered in the wave modeling of ITCDIC. A rigorous wave velocity and a natural wave velocity are derived, respectively, based on which, the detailed analyses of traveling wave characteristics are carried out. A novel wave velocity, based on the profile trial function which has been well developed by Marquardt, is further derived to consider the obvious change of profile shape. And a completed nonlinear wave model of ITCDIC is thereby established by combining the proposed wave velocity with thermal coupling relations and material balance relations. The benzene‐toluene system is illustrated as an example, where component concentration prediction and distinct dynamic characteristics are carried out in detail based on the proposed nonlinear wave models. The research results reveal the accuracy and validity of the proposed nonlinear wave model of ITCDIC. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Cucurbit[7]uril: Surfactant Host–Guest Complexes in Equilibrium with Micellar Aggregates
Authors: Pessêgo Marcia , Basilio Nuno , Moreira Jose A. , García‐Río Luis
Published: April 2011

In order to compare the formation of host–guest complexes between β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) or cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) and cationic surfactants we studied the hydrolysis of 4‐methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride (MBSC). The selected surfactants allowed the length of the hydrocarbon chain to be varied between 6 and 18 carbon atoms. Contrary to the expected behaviour, the values of the binding constants between CB7 and surfactants are independent of the alkyl chain length of the surfactant. In the case of β‐CD, however, a clear dependence of the binding constant on the hydrophobic character of the surfactant was observed. The values obtained with CB7 are significantly higher than those obtained with β‐CD and these differences are explained to be a consequence of electrostatic interactions of the surfactants with the portals of CB7. It was found that a small percentage of uncomplexed CB7 was in equilibrium with the cationic micelles and this percentage increased on increasing the hydrophobic character of the surfactant.
Improved Lp‐estimates for the strain velocities in hardening problems
Authors: Frehse Jens , Löbach Dominique
Published: April 2011

Problems of elastic plastic deformation with kinematic or isotropic hardening and von Mises flowrule are considered. It is shown that the velocities of the stresses, strains and hardening parameters satisfy an improved Lp‐property that is σ, ξ, ∇u ∈ L∞(0, T; L2+2δ(Ω)) with some δ > 0. For dimension n = 2 this implies continuity of u in spatial direction, furthermore it can be used as tool to prove boundary differentialbility σ, ξ ∈ L∞(0, T; L1+ε) and σ, ξ ∈ L∞(0, T; 𝒩1/2+δ ′,2), where 1/2 + δ ′ is the order of fractional Nichol'skii differentiability (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Lq‐almost solvability in viscoplasticity theory
Authors: Nesenenko Sergiy
Published: April 2011

In this work we discuss some existence issues for elasto/visco‐plastic models of monotone type with evolution laws for internal variables governed by non‐coercive nonlinearities (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Existence and regularity of the plastic multiplier in static and quasistatic plasticity
Authors: Herzog Roland , Meyer Christian , Wachsmuth Gerd
Published: April 2011

Existence of the plastic multiplier with L1 spatial regularity for quasistatic and static plasticity is proved for arbitrary continuous and convex yield functions and linear hardening laws. L2 regularity is shown in the particular cases of kinematic hardening, or combined kinematic and isotropic hardening (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On electroseismic waves in anisotropic, inhomogeneous media
Authors: McGhee Des , Picard Rainer
Published: April 2011

The standard linear model for electroseismic waves is investigated in the presence of anisotropic, inhomogeneous, time‐shift invariant media. In the framework of a comprehensive theory for a new class of evolutionary problems wellposedness of associated initial boundary value problems is shown (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thin vibrating plates: long time existence and convergence to the von Kármán plate equations
Authors: Abels H. , Mora M.G. , Müller S.
Published: April 2011

The asymptotic behavior of the solutions of three‐dimensional nonlinear elastodynamics in a thin plate is studied, as the thickness h of the plate tends to zero. We discuss the long time existence and convergence to solutions of the time‐dependent von Kármán and linear plate equation under appropriate scalings of the applied force and of the initial values in terms of h (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quasistatic evolution for a phase‐transition model: a Young measure approach
Authors: Fiaschi Alice
Published: April 2011

A quasistatic evolution problem for a phase transition model with nonconvex energy density is considered in terms of Young measures. We focus on the particular case of a finite number of phases. The new feature consists in the use of suitable regularity arguments in order to prove an existence result for a generalized notion of evolution (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Impact of the smoking ban on the volume of bar sales in Ireland – evidence from time series analysis
Authors: Cornelsen Laura , Normand Charles
Published: April 2011

This paper is the first to estimate the economic impact of a comprehensive smoking ban in all enclosed public places of work, on bars in Ireland. The demand in bars, represented by a monthly index of sales volume, is explained by relative prices in bars, prices of alcohol sold in off‐licences and the aggregate retail sales (ARS) as a proxy for general economic activity and incomes. The smoking ban is included into the model as a step dummy and the modelling is done using ARIMAX strategy. The results show a reduction in the volume of sales in bars by −4.6% (p<0.01) following the ban. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SERS enhancement of gold nanospheres of defined size
Authors: Joseph Virginia , Matschulat Andrea , Polte Jörg , Rolf Simone , Emmerling Franziska , Kneipp Janina
Published: April 2011

Monodisperse, citrate‐stabilized gold nanoparticles of sizes ranging from 15 to 40 nm were synthesized and characterized by small angle X‐ray scattering and UV‐vis experiments. Identical surface properties of nanoparticles of different sizes to avoid variation in the chemical surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement, as well as selection of experimental conditions so that no aggregation took place, enabled the investigation of enhancement of individual nanospheres. Enhancement factors (EFs) for SERS were determined using the dye crystal violet (CV). EFs for individual gold nanospheres ranged from 102 to 103, in agreement with theoretical predictions. An increase of the EFs of individual spheres with size can be correlated to changes in the extinction spectra of nanoparticle solutions. This confirms that the increase in enhancement with increasing size results from an increase in electromagnetic enhancement. Beyond this dependence of EFs of isolated gold spheres on their size, EFs were shown to vary with analyte concentration as a result of analyte‐induced aggregation. This has implications for the application of nanoparticle solutions as SERS substrates in quantitative analytical tasks. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of confiscated fireworks using Raman spectroscopy assisted with SEM‐EDS and FTIR
Authors: Castro Kepa , de Vallejuelo Silvia Fdez‐Ortiz , Astondoa Izaskun , Goñi Félix M. , Madariaga Juan Manuel
Published: April 2011

A forensic analysis of several samples of pyrotechnic artefacts was performed by Raman spectroscopy assisted by scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. Among the components, several nitrates, ammonium perchlorate, nitrocellulose, metallic titanium particles and shellac were detected. The combination of Raman spectroscopy and SEM‐EDS showed very useful performance. All components were detected by Raman spectroscopy except for shellac, kaolinite and titanium particles, which were not conclusive enough and had to be determined by FTIR and EDS. In contrast, many compounds were not detected by FTIR. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wer liebt wann?
Authors: Osterath Brigitte
Published: April 2011

Ist die Liebe eine Himmelsmacht oder spielen dabei nur die Hormone verrückt?
Start in Paris
Authors: Schorsch Gilbert
Published: April 2011

Eine überraschende, aber ermutigende Initiative Äthiopiens.
A probing method for computing the diagonal of a matrix inverse
Authors: Tang Jok M. , Saad Yousef
Published: April 2011

The computation of some entries of a matrix inverse arises in several important applications in practice. This paper presents a probing method for determining the diagonal of the inverse of a sparse matrix in the common situation when its inverse exhibits a decay property, i.e. when many of the entries of the inverse are small. A few simple properties of the inverse suggest a way to determine effective probing vectors based on standard graph theory results. An iterative method is then applied to solve the resulting sequence of linear systems, from which the diagonal of the matrix inverse is extracted. The results of numerical experiments are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the probing method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The progress made in determining the Mycobacterium tuberculosis structural proteome
Authors: Ehebauer Matthias T. , Wilmanns Matthias
Published: April 2011

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a highly infectious pathogen that is still responsible for millions of deaths annually. Effectively treating this disease typically requires a course of antibiotics, most of which were developed decades ago. These drugs are, however, not effective against persistent tubercle bacilli and the emergence of drug‐resistant stains threatens to make many of them obsolete. The identification of new drug targets, allowing the development of new potential drugs, is therefore imperative. Both proteomics and structural biology have important roles to play in this process, the former as a means of identifying promising drug targets and the latter allowing understanding of protein function and protein–drug interactions at atomic resolution. The determination of M. tuberculosis protein structures has been a goal of the scientific community for the last decade, who have aimed to supply a large amount of structural data that can be used in structure‐based approaches for drug discovery and design. Only since the genome sequence of M. tuberculosis has been available has the determination of large numbers of tuberculosis protein structures been possible. Currently, the molecular structures of 8.5% of all the pathogen's protein‐encoding ORFs have been determined. In this review, we look at the progress made in determining the M. tuberculosis structural proteome and the impact this has had on the development of potential new drugs, as well as the discovery of the function of crucial mycobaterial proteins.
Multiarm star poly(glycidol)‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) of different arm lengths and their use as modifiers of diglycidylether of bisphenol a thermosets
Authors: Morell Mireia , Lederer Albena , Ramis Xavier , Voit Brigitte , Serra Angels
Published: April 2011

Well‐defined multiarm star copolymers, hyperbranched poly(glycidol)‐b‐poly(ε‐caprolactone), with an average of 100–110 arms per molecule and a molecular weight of arms of 3000 g/mol (PGOH‐b‐PCL30) and 1000 g/mol (PGOH‐b‐PCL10) were synthesized by cationic ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone from a poly(glycidol) core and used to modify diglycidylether of bisphenol A formulations. The curing process, studied by dynamic scanning calorimetry, was only slightly retarded when PGOH‐b‐PCLx were added to the formulation. By rheometry, the effect of this new topology and the arm length on the complex viscosity (η*) and gelation of the reactive mixture was analyzed in detail. The addition of these new reactive modifiers decreases the global shrinkage and increases the conversion at gelation. In addition, the modified thermosets have an improved reworkability. The homogeneity of pure DGEBA and modified thermosets was proved by dynamic thermomechanical analysis and electronic microscopy (FESEM). Addition of star‐like structures led to a more toughened fracture of the thermoset in comparison to pure DGEBA. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
The Role of the Lignan Constituents in the Effect of Schisandra chinensis Fruit Extract on Penile Erection
Authors: Kim Hye Kyung , Bak Yun Ok , Choi Bo Ram , Zhao Chen , Lee Hee Ju , Kim Chul Young , Lee Sung Won , Jeon Ju Hong , Park Jong Kwan
Published: April 2011

The effect of the ethanol extract and active components of the fruit of Schisandra chinensis was evaluated on rabbit penile corpus cavernosum (PCC). PCC, pre‐contracted with 10−5 m phenylephrine (Phe), was treated with extracts of S. chinensis at five different compositions of ethanol and water (95%, 70%, 50%, 30% and ethanol/water [v/v]) and three fractions (0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/mL). The effect of the extracts and active lignans (schisandrol A and schisandrol B) from S. chinensis on sildenafil citrate pre‐incubated PCC was also evaluated. The PCC relaxation induced by the 95% ethanol extraction and the n‐hexane fraction was concentration‐dependent and the ethanol extract enhanced sildenafil citrate‐induced PCC relaxation. The active components of S. chinensis (schisandrol A and schisandrol B) significantly enhanced sildenafil citrate‐induced relaxation >2‐fold; schisandrol A had the highest relaxant effect on sildenafil citrate pre‐incubated PCC. The lignans, schisandrol A and schisandrol B, isolated from the fruits of S. chinensis enhanced sildenafil citrate‐induced relaxation and may have synergistic action in patients who do not completely respond to sildenafil. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Obesity management: lifestyle modification, diet and surgery
Authors: Amoroso Peter , Kirby Michael , Kirby Roger
Published: April 2011

Obesity is responsible for numerous serious problems in our male patients. The issue should be actively addressed – simple measures to reduce weight can considerably improve our patients' quality of life. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Robot‐assisted radical cystectomy
Authors: Kumar Pardeep , Sandhu Harinderjeet , Challacombe Ben , Rimington Peter , Khan M. Shamim , Dasgupta Prokar
Published: April 2011

Robotic‐assisted radical cystectomy for the treatment of bladder cancer combines the best of laparascopy and open surgery: patients enjoy the benefits of minimal access, while the surgeon experiences less fatigue. The authors address a number of questions regarding the new technique. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Current prospects for the chemoprevention of prostate cancer
Authors: Kirby Roger , McNicholas Tom , Fitzpatrick John
Published: April 2011

Unlike other areas of medicine, such as cardiology and diabetology, urology has often been slow to embrace strategies for risk reduction. Currently, urologists
prefer to treat the disease at the stage they encounter it, rather than approaching the problem with a preventative frame of mind. However, a recent publication evaluating the effect of dutasteride on prostate cancer calls this view into question. The current lifetime risk of prostate cancer in the USA is estimated at 16.7 per cent. As the disease is both extremely common and generally slow to progress, potentially it provides a prime target for chemoprevention.
Healthy lifestyle for men living with hormone therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Payne Heather A. , Laing Robert , Thomas Robert , Tombal Bertrand , Troup Janis
Published: April 2011

This report is based on discussions held at the 7th Annual Meeting of the British Uro‐oncology Group in Birmingham last September. One topic of equal value to all healthcare professionals spanning primary and secondary care was a review of developments in hormone therapy for prostate cancer and the ways to reduce the associated toxicities of testosterone depletion. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
The Chestnuts of Edwin Austin Abbey: History Painting and the Transference of Culture in Turn–of–the–Century America
Authors: Tamarkin Elisa
Published: April 2011

When edwin austin abbey, with eleven other artists and all the ritual of a new male order — round table, cob pipes, stone bottles of cider — founded the Tile Club in 1877, his sobriquet was “The Chestnut.” If not boating down the Erie Canal or on holiday in Easthampton, the men would make tiles for the home, ceramic wares of Shakespeare or rustics and florals, in the style of William Morris and his decorative arts. Twenty years before Charles Eliot Norton's Society of Arts and Crafts, such Tilers as Abbey, Augustus Saint–Gaudens, and Elihu Vedder would draw on the same crafts ideal, namely, an aesthetic for hard work and the “simple” productions of artisanal labor as an antidote to urban luxury. The club would find in guild fraternalism a weekly hobby, twelve men with sardines and crackers, noms de plume and seals, to revive a handicraft seen as both republican in its ethic and fashionably medieval. If modern life meant the enervation of Veblen's foppish and leisured class, the Tile Club was an authentically male pastime.
I. Speaking Out about Race: “The United States of Lyncherdom” Clemens Really Wrote
Authors: Oggel L. Terry
Published: April 2011

On June 21, 1901, Samuel and Olivia Clemens and their daughter Jean ensconced themselves for the summer at Kane Camp, a “little bijou of a dwelling-house,” Clemens called it, on the south end of Ampersand Bay on Lower Saranac Lake in upstate New York. The family nicknamed the cottage The Lair. “Everyone knows what a lair is,” Clemens said; “lairs do generally contain dangerous animals, but I bring tame ones to this one.” As we shall see, danger did lurk in The Lair that summer, in the thought and writing of Clemens himself.
From Romanism to Race: Anglo-American Liberties inUncle Tom's Cabin
Authors: Fessenden Tracy
Published: April 2011

Simon Legree's taunting invitation to “join [his] church” reminds us that the novel routinely credited with abolishing slavery relied for part of its force on anxieties surrounding religious conversion. Although conversion as the emotional surrender to faith under one or another form of Protestantism remained the norm when Harriet Beecher Stowe was writingUncle Tom's Cabin, as many as 700,000 Americans did join the Roman Catholic Church as converts in the 19th century. The middle third of the century also saw the arrival of nearly 3 million Catholic immigrants, whose perceived intemperance, sexual license, and conspiratorial designs on American institutions animated white Protestant preaching and political action more consistently than did the evils of slavery or racism.
Before the Modern: The New York Renaissance, 1876–95
Authors: Rutkoff Peter M. , Scott William B.
Published: April 2011

On the evening of March 31, 1895, three hundred of New York City's most notable artists and patrons assembled in Madison Square Garden to honor Chicago architect Daniel H. Burnham. Led by Burnham, Chicago had bested New York in a hotly contested competition for sponsorship of the Columbian World Exposition that proudly exhibited the nation's Gilded Age accomplishments in art, architecture, and technology. Astride New York's most prestigious public square, Madison Square Garden might well have been built for the occasion. Arriving by carriages in livery, New York'sfin de siècleelite, dressed in top hats, black ties, and tails, leisurely entered architect Stanford White's resplendent edifice, accompanied by their glitteringly attired female companions. Atop the Garden's Florentine tower rested a nude sculpture of Diana, Greek goddess of the hunt.
Minstrel-Soldiers: The Construction of African-American Identity in the Union Army
Authors: Conner Matthew
Published: April 2011

The Emancipation of Slaves during the Civil War is celebrated as the pivotal event in African-American history. But this act overshadows another milestone of the war: the mass recruitment of blacks into the Union Army. Although blacks had fought alongside white soldiers since the colonial era, the Civil War was the first conflict in which blacks were enlisted in large numbers and recognized as regular soldiers in the army. By the war's end, black soldiers numbered 180,000 men and contributed crucially to the Union victory.
American Social Science and the Invention of Affirmative Action, 1920s–1970s
Authors: Cravens Hamilton
Published: April 2011

On June 4, 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson gave the commencement address at Howard University, the federally sponsored historic black college. In the last decade, Americans had become increasingly aware of the civil rights movement in American politics and society, and of the injection of the issues revolving around civil rights for black Americans into the national public discourse. President Johnson took a new angle of attack to the problem of discimination against black Americans. Instead of focusing on the political and legal aspects of Jim Crow legislation, or the constitutional struggles for civil rights in education and voting, or the plight of black Americans in the South, he spoke – with great passion – about the social and economic circumstances of African Americans throughout the nation, including those trapped in the large urban ghettos in the Northeast, the Middle West, and the West. “In far too many ways American Negroes have been another nation: deprived of freedom, crippled by hatred, the doors of opportunity closed to hope,” he argued.
Domesticating Foreign Struggles: American Narratives of Italian Revolutions and the Debate on Slavery in the Antebellum Era
Authors: Gemme Paola
Published: April 2011

Reporting on the Roman revolution of 1848 as the foreign correspondent of theNew-York Daily Tribune, Margaret Fuller observed that Americans used the same arguments against the political emancipation of Italy that they employed against the social emancipation of blacks in the United States. “Americans in Italy,” she wrote, “talk about the corrupt and degenerate state of Italy as they do about that of our slaves at home.” “They come ready trained,” she explained, “to that mode of reasoning which affirms that, because men are degraded by bad institutions, they are not fit for better.” This essay builds upon Fuller's comment. It examines American accounts of the Italians' mid-19th-century struggle to free their country from its colonial bond to the Austrian empire and substitute local absolutist monarchies with more enlightened forms of government, and demonstrates that the discourse on revolutionary Italy became the site of a reenactment on foreign grounds of the domestic controversy over slavery. The discussion on whether Italians could become republican subjects was liable to become a mediated debate over emancipation and the future of the African bondsmen in the American republic because of the alleged similarities, both historical and “racial,” between the populations of Italy and blacks in antebellum America. Like the slaves in the United States, Italians had been subjected to brutal despotism for centuries, which, within the 19th-century environmental conception of political virtue, was believed to have negatively affected their aptitude for freedom. Like the black slaves, moreover, Italians were placed by racist ideology outside the pale of the dominant Anglo-Saxon racial category, a political as well as a “biological” class marked by the exclusive capacity for self-government.
Suicide, Social Reform, and the Elision of Working-Class Resistance in Rebecca Harding Davis'sLife in the Iron Mills
Authors: Grauke Kevin
Published: April 2011

Since 1972, the year that Tillie Olsen and the Feminist Press resurrected it, Rebecca Harding Davis'sLife in the Iron Mills, which presents the tragic circumstances of the life of a Welsh furnace tender, has primarily been discussed in terms of it being an unjustly forgotten forerunner of such realist fiction of the later decades of the 19th century as Frank Norris'sMcTeague(1899) and Theodore Dreiser'sSister Carrie(1900). With its portrait of the “tragic realities of the immigrant poor, the cynicism of factory owners, [and] the brutality of working class life,” it has been widely praised for being “the earliest notable experiment of American realism,” for exemplifying a literary theory of the commonplace two decades prior to William Dean Howells's better-known theory of the same, and for dramatizing the “socioeconomic implications of environmental determinism” several years prior to Émile Zola's naturalism.
Newspaper Women and the Making of the Modern, 1885—1910
Authors: Fahs Alice
Published: April 2011

“Inever shall forget my thrill at the phrasecover it,” the Pulitzer Prize-winning author Zona Gale wrote of her early newspaper work in New York City from 1901 to 1903: “When I was actually a reporter, I used to go about my work saying to myself, ‘I'm out on an assignment!’ People talked about thenewspaper grind. But I was more than happy in it. I was ecstatic.”
Marketing Modernism: Promotional Strategy in the Armory Show
Authors: Raverty Dennis
Published: April 2011

It is generally acknowledged that the International Exhibition of Modern Art of 1913, often called the Armory Show, was a masterpiece of public relations. In New York City, where it first opened, the newspapers were filled with articles on the exhibition, the elevated train stations were plastered with posters announcing it, uniformed attendants were stationed outside the Armory with megaphones to summon automobiles and taxis, thousands of lapel pins were handed out to the visitors, catalogues, pamphlets, magazines, and post cards were available for purchase, and a temporary U.S. Post Office was even provided on the premises from which to mail them.
Imagining the Jews Together: Shared Figures in Edith Wharton and Henry James
Authors: Meyer Susan
Published: April 2011

In October of 1904, when Edith Wharton was writingThe House of Mirthand Henry James, having recently arrived in America after a twenty-two-year absence, was collecting the impressions that were to make upThe American Scene, James paid a two-week visit to Wharton at the Mount, her country house in Lenox, Massachusetts. The visit consolidated their friendship and literary relationship. In the mornings, both wrote. In the afternoons, Wharton and James “motored” together, enjoying the beauty of a Western Massachusetts autumn, and they conversed deep into the evenings (Benstock, 144–45; Edel, 598). The claim that Wharton's fiction is heavily influenced by James's, frequently reiterated ever since Wharton began her career, has become a critical commonplace (Lewis, 131). But reading passages side by side from the works both writers were in the process of creating in the fall of 1904,The House of MirthandThe American Scene, yields as much evidence of Wharton's influence on James as of James's influence on Wharton, an influence established probably for the most part through their conversations. In this essay, I contend that the shared imagery in the work of the two writers — involving roses, skyscrapers, and Trinity Church, and centering on the figure of the Jew — makes most sense when the two writers are read in conjunction. Read together, the shared imagery in James and Wharton passages suggests that the two together imagined the Jew as the figure for a commercialized, industrialized, modern America, and for the impossibility of art in such an America — and that they found a mutual consolation in doing so. Wharton's later novels, two of which I consider in this essay (The Glimpses of the Moon[1922] andHudson River Bracketed[1929]) demonstrate that her conversations about these matters with James, and their shared understanding of the Jews, remained important to her for a quarter of a century. Toward the end of her career, she attempted to forge a similar bond of shared aesthetic sensibility and mutual anti-Semitism with the younger writer F. Scott Fitzgerald, but without success.
Changelings inStuds LoniganandOne Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
Authors: Gelfant Blanche H.
Published: April 2011

As the media report instances of vanished or violated selves — of bodies that disappear and identities that are stolen; of sex changes and sexually ambiguous bodies (the adulated bodies of rock stars); raped bodies and the promise or threat of replicated bodies — the happy endings of fairy tales, and the tales themselves, seem fanciful and remote, irrelevant to our times. They may enthrall a child who is not yet playing video games, but what attraction, if any, can they have for adults coping with the complexities of a technological world in which identity is linked to an unsecured alterable body? I raise the question not to argue its irrelevance (surely a pointless undertaking), but to evoke the heuristic values attributed generally to fairy tales by folklorists and cultural critics throughout the Western world. I wish to make a specific claim: fairy tales — in particular, the changeling tale — provide unexpected and timely insights into a self increasingly vulnerable to tampering, violation, and theft. These various forms of violence are subsumable under rape in its root meaning: forcible seizure. As an assault upon women, rape raises particular issues about the body and sex, sexual difference, and power. The very meanings of these terms — how they are constituted and denned — have become a matter of contention to contemporary feminists and cultural, literary, and juridical critics. Though this essay does not engage directly in their disputes, it too finds the body, sex, and power contentious terms as they figure in a forcible exchange of identities that fairy tales represent as actual and modern fiction adumbrates as rape.
Busting Out: African-American Culture from the 1954 Republican Lincoln Day Box Supper to the 1955 Emmett Till Lynching as Documented by theChicago Defender
Authors: Salem James M.
Published: April 2011

Black newspapers began to compete with the church as an institution influential in shaping black public opinion as early as 1878 in Chicago and, by World War II, according to the authors ofBlack Metropolis, they represented “one of the most powerful forces among Negroes in America.” The most prominent and influential of these weekly newspapers was the Chicago Defender, founded in 1905 by Robert S. Abbott, the “son of slaves,” who was encouraged to believe by his minister-stepfather that “a newspaper was one of the strongest weapons a Negro could have in the defense of his race.” Abbott, his biographer contends, “was one of the first Negroes in the United States to become a millionaire — and, in the process, he revolutionized the Negro press, today [1955] the greatest single force in the Negro world.” Though Abbott would have been proud of the compliment, he would not have printed it in his paper because during his lifetime theDefenderwas not permitted to use the termsNegroorblack. Abbott preferredRace, Race men, andRace women.
The Murder of the Innocents: Foundlings in 19th-Century New York City
Authors: Miller Julie
Published: April 2011

In the 1850s a diverse, sometimes discordant, collection of New York City public officials, reformers, and physicians came jointly to the conclusion that their city's foundlings constituted a problem in need of immediate solution. While once they had allowed abandoned babies to languish in the almshouse — where their death rate at times reached 100 percent — they now felt that the plight of these unwanted waifs was a judgment on themselves and their society that had to be addressed.

Pressed into action by a force made of both sympathy and anxiety, they got to work. In the decade before the Civil War municipal officials assembled committees to look into the possibility of building a public foundling asylum, reformers conducted investigations, and the press hovered — prodding, accusing, and carrying out investigations of its own. The Civil War brought all this activity to a halt, but as soon as the war was over it resumed. In less than a decade following the end of the war four foundling asylums opened in a city that previously had not had a single one.

Why did these citizens identify the phenomenon of infant abandonment as a problem when they did? What sort of a problem did they think it was? The answers to these questions reveal at least as much about their collective anxieties about such matters as rapid urban growth and fallen women as they do about the plight of the unwanted children they tried to help.

It is difficult to understand this shift in sensibility without understanding what came before it. Antebellum New Yorkers, like their European counterparts, equated infant abandonment with illegitimacy.
Modern? American? Jew? Museums and Exhibitions of Ben Shahn's Late Paintings
Authors: Linden Diana L.
Published: April 2011

The year 1998 marked the centennial of the birth of artist Ben Shahn (1898–1969). Coupled with the approach of the millennium, which many museums celebrated by surveying the cultural production of the 20th century, the centennial offered the perfect opportunity to mount a major exhibition of Shahn's work (the last comprehensive exhibition had taken place at the Jewish Museum in New York City in 1976). The moment was also propitious because a renewed interest in narrative, figurative art, and political art encouraged scholarly and popular appreciation of Ben Shahn, whose reputation within the history of American art had been eclipsed for many decades by the attention given to the abstract expressionists. The Jewish Museum responded in 1998 with Common Man, Mythic Vision: The Paintings of Ben Shahn, organized by the Museum's curator Susan Chevlowe, with abstract expressionism scholar Stephen Polcari (Figure 1). The exhibition traveled to the Allentown Art Museum in Pennsylvania and closed at the Detroit Institute of Arts in 1999.

Smaller Shahn exhibitions then in the planning stages (although not scheduled to open during the centennial year) were to focus on selected aspects of Shahn's oeuvre: the Fogg Museum was to present his little-known New York City photographs of the 1930s in relationship to his paintings, and the Jersey City Museum intended to exhibit his career-launching series, The Passion of Sacco and Vanzetti (1931–32). Knowing this, Chevlowe smartly chose to focus on the later years of Shahn's career and on his lesser-known easel paintings of the post-World War II era. In so doing, Chevlowe challenged viewers to expand their understanding both of the artist and his place in 20th-century American art.
Two-Bass Hit: Baseball and New York, 1945–1960
Authors: Rutkoff Peter
Published: April 2011

As a youngster, Art Rust, Jr., one of New York's first prominent black sportscasters, lived on St. Nicholas Avenue, a stone's throw equally from Minton's and Monroe's, the after-hours clubs where Charlie Parker and Thelonious Monk created bebop, and the Polo Grounds, home of the New York Giants. Rust remembered the day in the 1930s when “Billy the Cop,” just off duty, told Rust's father that Giant manager Bill Terry, the last National League player to hit over 400, complained to the precinct commander. Terry didn't want any “nigger cops” patrolling the Polo Grounds, at least not near the executive entrances. Almost twenty years later, in the early 1950s, George Weiss, the general manager of the New York Yankees, a team whose Ruthian dominance prevailed in the Stadium, built with intentional perversity within eyesight of the Polo Grounds just across the East River in the South Bronx, responded to charges that the Yankees had failed to sign black players. In private, Weiss said, “I will never allow a black man to wear a Yankee uniform. Boxholders from Westchester don't want that sort of crowd. They would be offended to have to sit with niggers.” Publicly, in the spring of 1952, he responded that the team had been looking long and hard for a black player, “good enough to make the Yankees.” Weiss's accuser, Jackie Robinson, then entering his sixth season with the Brooklyn Dodgers, rejoined, “Bullshit.”
Bad Books/Bad Blood: Feminism, Eugenics, and Culture in Harriet Beecher Stowe's Lady Byron Vindicated
Authors: Byrd M. Lynn
Published: April 2011

In September 1869, Harriet Beecher Stowe published “The True Story of Lady Byron's Life” in the Atlantic Monthly and Macmillan's Magazine. Public outcry was so great that less than a year later she published Lady Byron Vindicated: A History of the Byron Controversy, From Its Beginning in 1816 to the Present Time. This was a four-hundred-page volume that defended not only Lady Byron but also Mrs. Stowe. The book only fanned the flames of rebuke and debate. From 1869 to 1870, at least forty-one review articles of Stowe's work were published, including a response by Mark Twain. In the same time period, eight books were published in response, including Medora Leigh's autobiography. It announces in its subtitle that it contains “an introduction and commentary of the charges brought against Lord Byron by Mrs. Beecher Stowe” (Leigh defends the poet).
The Possessive Self in Mary Antin and Anzia Yezierska: Gender, Jewishness, and the Assumptions of Americanization
Authors: Gelfant Blanche H.
Published: April 2011

Mary Antin was not modest in her use of the possessive case inThe Promised Land— in her iterations ofMine, Mine, Mine. While still a schoolgirl, Antin asserted that everything she saw in the Boston Public Library, a “treasure house” of wisdom and art, was “Mine.” As the child of a newly naturalized American, she felt entitled to claim possession; the library and its treasured holdings were “Mine,” she said, “because I was a citizen; mine, though I was born an alien; mine … My palace —mine! … This is mine” (266, original emphasis). By the time Antin came to the soaring conclusion ofThe Promised Land, she had exchanged her natural (and naturalized) father for the country's Founding Father, and as the child of George Washington, she claimed as her “heritage” everything in human evolutionary history that had led to the creation of America and everything yet to be evolved. “I am the youngest of America's children,” she wrote, “and into my hands is given all her priceless heritage … Mine is the whole majestic past, and mine is the shining future” (286). In swooping hyperbole, Antin equated American citizenship with possession, and possession with inheritance, property, and rights: with a treasure house in which she “had a right to be … at home” (266).
“Black Writers and White!”: Jack Conroy, Arna Bontemps, and Interracial Collaboration in the 1930s
Authors: Wixson Douglas
Published: April 2011

The task of cultural recovery, George Hutchinson writes, begins with “those moments when places where the intertwined discourses of race, culture, and nation were exposed to questioning, to skepticism, to transformation, however small and localized, and when possibilities for coalitions of cultural reformers were envisioned and exploited” (Harlem, 26). The historical record has been muddied by shifting political currents and fragmented by instances of deliberate neglect over time, yet scholars have recently begun to reconstruct the complicated story of interracial cooperation between the two world wars. More effort, however, should be devoted to discovering connections and parallels between the worlds of work and art — of labor and literature — as part of this story. One reward of such effort, I suggest, will be to reveal the hitherto hidden “lines of continuity and disruption” that James A. Miller sees connecting “the African-American literary production of the 1920s and its production in the 1930s” (87–88). That those lines often intersected lines traced by nonblack literary production and working-class history reinforces Hutchinson's point that it is necessary to rethink “American cultural history from a position of interracial marginality, a position that sees ‘white’ and ‘black’ American cultures as intimately, mutually constitutive” (Harlem, 3).
A Flute Made of Human Bone: Blood Meridian and the Survivors of American History
Authors: Parrish Timothy L. , Spiller Elizabeth A.
Published: April 2011

Seventy years after its publication, librarians at the New York Public Library catalogued Moby Dick with other books that explored the finer points of whaling. In making this bibliographic classification, librarians at this most American exemplar of that most American institution, the public lending library, read Melville's novel not as a great national epic but as an instance of the particular, the regional, the ethnic, the vocational. Given that American readers (not to mention critics of American literature) continue to be more interested in the particular than the epic, it is not surprising that Melville's successor, Cormac Mc-Carthy's epic Blood Meridian (1985), has failed to attract the critical attention it deserves. Writing resolutely against the contemporary grain, McCarthy treats American history and identity as if it were a continuous whole. Although revisionist, McCarthy's version of American history offers little comfort to those who would rewrite American history from the point of view of the peoples who were obliterated so that American history might fulfill its Destiny. Where a typical revisionist history might read Manifest Destiny as a story about Europeans and European values destroying local lands and cultures, McCarthy insists that this kind of history is fragmentary because it depends on a denial of the fact that we only arrive at such critical positions of moral superiority because we are the survivors and successors to this Destiny. His novel examines the burgeoning American empire of the mid-19th century not to indulge in the compensatory pleasures of self-accusation but to remind us of how particularizing versions of history necessarily deny how we have become to be who we are.
Creating space for interdisciplinary marine and coastal research: five dilemmas and suggested resolutions
Authors: CHRISTIE PATRICK
Published: April 2011

Important changes are needed to disciplinary theories and methods to support interdisciplinary and integrated ocean and coastal management policies and implementation. This review argues that theories and methods should conform to a perspective that ocean management is a societal activity with diverse goals ideally informed by interdisciplinary information. The review focuses on the integrated coastal management (ICM) and marine ecosystem-based management (EBM) frameworks and the marine protected areas (MPA) management tool. It begins by suggesting that at present there is a notable imbalance in the degree of effort allocated to monitoring the ecological and social dimensions of ocean resource use and policy processes. Based on how Western society and an influential epistemic community construct ‘the environment’ and society's relation to the environment, natural sciences play an inordinately important role in the description of the problem and policy recommendations. The discourse advocating for a global networks of marine protected areas, without adequate consideration of society impacts and responses, represents an example of this imbalance. Rebalancing the contributions of scientific disciplines encounters various dilemmas with epistemological, methodological and sociological dimensions. The analysis concludes with suggestions for balancing ocean and coastal interdisciplinary research and reframing key issues, creating self reflexive and multidisciplinary research teams, and reworking educational programmes.
Religious selfhoods and the city in inter-war Manchester
Authors: WILDMAN CHARLOTTE
Published: April 2011

Manchester's processional tradition began in the nineteenth century and every Whit weekend, until the 1960s, Catholics and Protestants organized separate large celebrations. This article argues that the Catholic Whit celebrations peaked in importance between the two world wars and that this was related to the impact of Manchester Corporation's wider investment in urban redevelopment. It is a story about religion and the self, which reveals important details about the cultural meanings of the inter-war city and contributes to an emerging field of cultural geography that explores the relationship between space and faith.
Influence of the ferromagnetic layer on the pair breaking and low alternating current field magnetic response in superconductor/ferromagnet bilayer
Authors: Samal D. , Anil Kumar P. S.
Published: April 2011

We investigate the influence of the ferromagnetic layer on the magnetic and transport properties of YBa2Cu3O7−δ in YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO)/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) bilayers. The temperature dependent dc magnetization study reveals the presence of magnetic anisotropy in YBCO/LSMO bilayer as compared to the pure YBCO layer. The ac susceptibility study on YBCO/LSMO bilayers reveals stronger pinning and the temperature dependent critical current is found to be less prone to temperature. Besides, the current (I) dependent electrical transport studies on YBCO/LSMO exhibit a significant reduction in the superconducting Tc with increase in I and it follows I2/3 dependence in accord with the pair breaking effect. The higher reduction of superconducting Tc in YBCO/LSMO is believed to be due to the enhanced pair-breaking induced by the spin polarized carriers being injected into the superconductor.