bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efeitos de farelo alimentar fibroso produzido a partir da linhaça em indivíduos com constipação intestinal
Authors: Lopes Fernanda S. , Martins Débora S. S. , Oliveira Jéssica S. , Nóbrega Andressa L. , Pinto Junior Vicente Maia
Published: August 2015

A preocupação com o bem estar e a melhora da qualidade de vida tem levado as pessoas a consumirem alimentos mais saudáveis os chamados alimentos funcionais, no qual se destaca os que contêm fibra alimentar. Devido às propriedades fibrosas que a linhaça constitui, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a eficácia da ingestão de um farelo alimentar rico em fibras, em indivíduos sedentários e não sedentários com constipação intestinal. O presente estudo apresentou caráter laboratorial e experimental com abordagem quantitativa utilizando-se o método da estatística descritiva. O farelo foi produzido à base da semente de linhaça, com adição de outros ingredientes fibrosos, foi embalado e rotulado, e em seguida distribuído para o consumo. De acordo com os dados obtidos, na análise da composição nutricional do farelo fibroso evidenciou-se um teor apreciável de fibra alimentar. Para a avaliação das características organolépticas do farelo foi observado uma maior aprovação para o sabor, textura e aroma. Quanto à avaliação da função intestinal dos indivíduos após consumir o farelo fibroso foi observado uma melhora significativa em todas as características observadas antes de consumir o farelo, sendo relatado um aumento no número das evacuações. Em relação aos indivíduos sedentários e não sedentários observou-se que independente da prática ou não de atividade física o mesmo foi bastante eficaz em ambos os casos, não sendo relatado nenhum tipo de reação adversa. Diante dos dados concluímos que o farelo fibroso foi bastante eficaz na melhora da constipação intestinal na maioria dos casos estudados.
SEXUALIDADE E CONTRACEPÇÃO ENTRE ADOLESCENTES DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Silveira Rodrigo Eurípedes da , Borges Maritza Rodrigues , Santos Álvaro Da Silva , Filipe Elvira Maria Ventura
Published: August 2015

uma escola pública municipal de Uberaba/MG, que tem como objetivo identificar padrões de práticasexual e de uso de métodos anticoncepcionais (MAC) em adolescentes. A maioria (52,9%) dosjovens eram homens, com idade média de 14,6±1,3 anos e 50,3% tinham renda familiar entre 1 e 3salários mínimos. 72% dos homens e 60,7% das meninas já tiveram relações sexuais e 89% destespossuíam vida sexual ativa. 38,9% utiliza MAC em todas as relações, sendo o preservativomasculino o mais utilizado. Os amigos são a principal fonte de informações e o homem é apontadocomo o responsável pela utilização de MAC. Tais resultados refletem a necessidade de ações deeducação em saúde direcionada a adolescentes, com metodologias mais inclusivas e lúdicas,estimulando a reflexão crítica acerca de fatores de vulnerabilidade relacionados ao comportamentosexual de risco a que estão submetidos.
Lista de Autores
Authors: Santos Alvaro
Published: August 2015

V3.N3.2015
Food Impaction and Periodontal/Peri‐Implant Tissue Conditions in Relation to the Embrasure Dimensions Between Implant‐Supported Fixed Dental Prostheses and Adjacent Teeth: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Jeong Jin‐Seok , Chang Moontaek
Published: August 2015

Background:Food impaction and periodontal/peri‐implant tissue conditions were evaluated in relation to the embrasure dimensions between implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) and adjacent teeth.

Methods:A total of 215 embrasures of 150 FDPs in 100 patients (55 males and 45 females, aged 27 to 83 years; mean age: 56 years) were included in the study. Clinical assessments of the periodontal/peri‐implant mucosal conditions, radiographic assessments of embrasure dimensions, and overall patient satisfaction were used as explanatory variables for the food impaction and periodontal/peri‐implant tissue conditions adjacent to implant‐supported FDPs in the generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis.

Results:Food impaction was reported in 96 (44.7%) of 215 embrasures between implant‐supported FDPs and adjacent teeth. Food impaction was reported more frequently in the embrasures with proximal contact loss than in those with tight contact (P= 0.009). Overall patient satisfaction was influenced negatively by food impaction in the proximal embrasures (P= 0.01). Among embrasure dimensions, only the embrasure surface area (ESA) significantly influenced food impaction (P= 0.03). Significant influences of various embrasure dimensions on the periodontal/peri‐implant mucosal conditions and bone level at the implant were found in the univariate and multivariate GEE analyses.

Conclusions:Food impaction between implant‐supported FDPs and adjacent teeth occurred more frequently when proximal contact was lost and ESA increased. Food impaction negatively affected overall patient satisfaction. Embrasure dimensions influenced the periodontal/peri‐implant mucosal conditions and bone level at the implant.
Community Health Worker Home Visits for Medicaid-Enrolled Children With Asthma: Effects on Asthma Outcomes and Costs
Authors: Campbell Jonathan D. , Brooks Marissa , Hosokawa Patrick , Robinson June , Song Lin , Krieger James
Published: August 2015

Objectives. We sought to estimate the return on investment of a streamlined version of an evidence-based community health worker (CHW) asthma home visit program.

Methods. We used a randomized parallel group trial of home visits by CHWs to Medicaid-enrolled children with uncontrolled asthma versus usual care.

Results. A total of 373 participants enrolled in the study (182 in the intervention group and 191 in the control group, of whom 154 and 179, respectively, completed the study). The intervention group had greater improvements in asthma symptom–free days (2.10 days more over 2 weeks; 95% CI =  1.17, 3.05; P < .001) and caretakers’ quality of life (0.43 units more; 95% CI = 0.20, 0.66; P < .001) and a larger reduction in urgent health care utilization events (1.31 events fewer over 12 months; 95% CI = −2.10, −0.52; P = .001). The intervention arm compared with the control arm saved $1340.92 for the $707.04 additional costs invested for the average participant. The return on investment was 1.90.

Conclusions. A streamlined CHW asthma home visit program for children with uncontrolled asthma improved health outcomes and yielded a return on investment of 1.90.
The Rationalization of Unethical Research: Revisionist Accounts of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and the New Zealand “Unfortunate Experiment”
Authors: Paul Charlotte , Brookes Barbara
Published: August 2015

Two studies, widely condemned in the 1970s and 1980s—the Tuskegee study of men with untreated syphilis and the New Zealand study of women with untreated carcinoma in situ of the cervix—received new defenses in the 21st century.

We noted remarkable similarities in both the studies and their defenses. Here we evaluate the scientific, political, and moral claims of the defenders.

The scientific claims are largely based on incomplete or misinterpreted evidence and exaggeration of the uncertainties of science. The defenders’ political arguments mistakenly claim that identity politics clouded the original critiques; in fact such politics opened the eyes of the public to exploitation. The moral defenses demonstrate an overreliance on codes of conduct and have implications for research ethics today.
Disparities in Water and Sewer Services in North Carolina: An Analysis of the Decision-Making Process
Authors: Naman Julia Marie , Gibson Jacqueline MacDonald
Published: August 2015

Objectives. We examined the factors that affect access to municipal water and sewer service for unincorporated communities relying on wells and septic tanks.

Methods. Using a multisite case study design, we conducted in-depth, semistructured interviews with 25 key informants from 3 unincorporated communities in Hoke, New Hanover, and Transylvania counties, North Carolina, July through September 2013. Interviewees included elected officials, health officials, utility providers, and community members. We coded the interviews in ATLAS.ti to identify common themes.

Results. Financing for water and sewer service emerged as the predominant factor that influenced decisions to extend these services. Improved health emerged as a minor factor, suggesting that local officials may not place a high emphasis on the health benefits of extending public water and sewer services. Awareness of failed septic systems in communities can prompt city officials to extend sewer service to these areas; however, failed systems are often underreported.

Conclusions. Understanding the health costs and benefits of water and sewer extension and integrating these findings into the local decision-making process may help address disparities in access to municipal services.
Profiles of Food Security for US Farmworker Households and Factors Related to Dynamic of Change
Authors: Ip Edward H. , Saldana Santiago , Arcury Thomas A. , Grzywacz Joseph G. , Trejo Grisel , Quandt Sara A.
Published: August 2015

Objectives. We recruited 248 farmworker families with preschool-aged children in North Carolina and examined food security indicators over 24 months to identify food security patterns and examine the dynamic of change over time.

Methods. Participants in the Niños Sanos study, conducted 2011 to 2014, completed quarterly food security assessments. Based on responses to items in the US Household Food Security Survey Module, we identified different states of food security by using hidden Markov model analysis, and examined factors associated with different states. We delineated factors associated with changes in state by using mixed-effect ordinal logistic regression.

Results. About half of the households (51%) consistently stayed in the most food-secure state. The least food-secure state was transient, with only 29% probability of this state for 2 consecutive quarters. Seasonal (vs migrant) work status, having immigration documents (vs not documented), and season predicted higher levels of food security.

Conclusions. Heterogeneity in food security among farmworker households calls for tailoring intervention strategies. The transiency and unpredictability of low food security suggest that access to safety-net programs could reduce low food security risk in this population.
Declining Trends and Widening Disparities in Overweight and Obesity Prevalence Among Massachusetts Public School Districts, 2009–2014
Authors: Li Wenjun , Buszkiewicz James H. , Leibowitz Robert B. , Gapinski Mary Ann , Nasuti Laura J. , Land Thomas G.
Published: August 2015

Objectives. We evaluated the overall and sociodemographic disparities in trends in prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in Massachusetts public school districts between 2009 and 2014.

Methods. In 2009, Massachusetts mandated annual screening of body mass index for students in grades 1, 4, 7, and 10. This was part of the statewide Mass in Motion prevention programs. We assessed trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity between 2009 and 2014 by district, gender, grade, and district income.

Results. From 2009 to 2014, prevalence decreased 3.0 percentage points (from 34.3% to 31.3%) statewide. The 2014 district-level rates ranged from 13.9% to 54.5% (median = 31.2%). When stratified by grade, the decreasing trends were significant only for grades 1 and 4. Although rates of districts with a median household income greater than $37 000 improved notably, rates of the poorest remain unchanged and were approximately 40%.

Conclusions. Although overall prevalence began to decrease, the geographic and socioeconomic disparities in childhood obesity are widening and remain a public health challenge in Massachusetts. Special efforts should be made to address the needs of socioeconomically disadvantaged districts and to narrow the disparities in childhood obesity.
Cryogenic Tanks Recertification: Case Study for Operational-Life Extension
Authors: Adamou Adib Soufiane
Published: August 2015

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquefied petroleum gas are usually stored in especially-low-temperature tanks, with different design configurations developed in the industry that use steels with specified low-temperature properties. This paper provides an overview of these properties and the behavior of 9%-nickel-alloyed high-strength steels for low-temperature applications. These steels have been recognized by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers code for cryogenic use since 1954 and have been widely used for LNG storage in competition with stainless steel, other austenitic alloys, and aluminum. In fact, austenitic stainless steels are used in cryogenic applications and can be used for building smaller storage tanks, but large containment vessels are usually welded from 9%-nickel steel because of expense considerations. This technology is well-established worldwide, and the first part of this paper is focused on 9%-nickel steel, its properties, and its use in LNG storage tanks. The different LNG-tank-design generations and their particularities will be described. A general overview of LNG-tank failures recorded in the industry will also be presented.

Inspection, repair, and alteration of atmospheric tanks that are designed according to API Standard 650 (2007) are well-covered under API Standard 653 (2014), unlike the cryogenic tanks generally designed according to API Standard 620 (2013) or BS 7777-4:1993 (1993); no standard exists to cover the inspection and repair/alteration requirements (when applicable) to recertify these tanks.

This paper provides a benchmarking of different cryogenic tanks in terms of operation life and type of containment (single-containment vs. double-containment tanks) in the LNG industry. The different options adopted to recertify these tanks will be detailed.

ADGAS operates three double-walled tanks that are reaching their design life. A longevity study was undertaken to recertify the tanks on the basis of different studies and inspection/operation/maintenance history combined with the benchmarking developed for cryogenic tanks. ADGAS adopted a risk-assessment approach to recertify the LNG tanks operated since 1985. The approach and the main outcomes of this study will be presented.
Loss of NOX-Derived Superoxide Exacerbates Diabetogenic CD4 T-Cell Effector Responses in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Padgett Lindsey E. , Anderson Brian , Liu Chao , Ganini Douglas , Mason Ronald P. , Piganelli Jon D. , Mathews Clayton E. , Tse Hubert M.
Published: August 2015

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play prominent roles in numerous biological systems. While classically expressed by neutrophils and macrophages, CD4 T cells also express NADPH oxidase (NOX), the superoxide-generating multisubunit enzyme. Our laboratory recently demonstrated that superoxide-deficient nonobese diabetic (NOD.Ncf1m1J) mice exhibited a delay in type 1 diabetes (T1D) partially due to blunted IFN-γ synthesis by CD4 T cells. For further investigation of the roles of superoxide on CD4 T-cell diabetogenicity, the NOD.BDC-2.5.Ncf1m1J (BDC-2.5.Ncf1m1J) mouse strain was generated, possessing autoreactive CD4 T cells deficient in NOX-derived superoxide. Unlike NOD.Ncf1m1J, stimulated BDC-2.5.Ncf1m1J CD4 T cells and splenocytes displayed elevated synthesis of Th1 cytokines and chemokines. Superoxide-deficient BDC-2.5 mice developed spontaneous T1D, and CD4 T cells were more diabetogenic upon adoptive transfer into NOD.Rag recipients due to a skewing toward impaired Treg suppression. Exogenous superoxide blunted exacerbated Th1 cytokines and proinflammatory chemokines to approximately wild-type levels, concomitant with reduced IL-12Rβ2 signaling and P-STAT4 (Y693) activation. These results highlight the importance of NOX-derived superoxide in curbing autoreactivity due, in part, to control of Treg function and as a redox-dependent checkpoint of effector T-cell responses. Ultimately, our studies reveal the complexities of free radicals in CD4 T-cell responses.
Dispersive Mixing Performance Evaluation of Special Rotor Segments in an Intermeshing Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruder by Using Weighted Probability Distributions
Authors: Yamada S. , Fukutani K. , Yamaguchi K. , Funahashi H. , Ebata K. , Uematsu H. , Tanoue S.
Published: August 2015

An intermeshing co-rotating twin-screw extruder is widely used for producing polymer composites. In order to satisfy properties of the composites, it is important to understand mixing performance of segments. In this study, we discussed mixing performance of special rotor segments commercially named VCMT (various clearance mixing technology) by using a numerical analysis method. The several tip clearances of VCMT work for achievement of both self-cleaning and effective mixing. We adopted a particle tracking method to obtain the following two evaluation indices; 1) residence time for the evaluation of its uniformity and 2) maximum 1st principal stress for the evaluation of dispersive mixing. And we evaluated mixing performance of VCMT by using probability distributions of each index. Moreover, we proposed weighted probability distributions as theoretically better evaluation. The probability distributions of VCMT were compared with those of two kinds of kneading disk segments (KDs). From the comparison, it was found that the probability of VCMT in large 1st principal stress region is higher than those of KDs. As a conclusion, VCMT has better mixing performance than KDs for the geometries and operating conditions that were investigated.
Impact of Humid Environment on Structural and Mechanical Properties of Biobased Polylactide
Authors: Jaszkiewicz A. , Bledzki A. K. , Meljon A.
Published: August 2015

The study focused on the material behavior of two commercial polylactide grades affected by structural changes due to exposure to humid environment. Additionally, the impact of temperature and environment humidity on the moisture uptake and drying process of polymer granulate was examined to evaluate the necessary pre-treatment conditions prior to the polylactide processing. Also some process relevant aspects, such as the impact of polymer pre-drying on its degradation were characterised. In the first part of the experimental work, moisture absorption mechanisms in relation to conditioning parameters were investigated using Karl Fischer titration method. It was shown that the moisture uptake rate correlates with temperature and humidity of the environment. Furthermore, the drying process of polylactide pellets was conducted and analysed by additional melt flow rate measurements to determine the effect of drying conditions on the premature polymer degradation and melt properties. Investigated polymers demonstrated rheological behavior dependent not only on the residual moisture content, but also on drying temperature and time. In the last section of the study flexural and tensile tests were performed in order to determine the influence of moisture uptake on the characteristics of conditioned polylactide. Mechanical strength of polylactide decreased in both, flexural and tensile tests with increasing moisture content in the samples. Moreover, distinctive differences in polylactide mechanical behavior were observed in both tests.
L’éthique mutualiste est-elle soluble dans le New Public Management ?
Authors: Giordano Florent , Le Goff Joan , Malherbe Denis
Published: August 2015

La doctrine du New Public Management (NPM) est souvent considérée comme dominante dans l’évolution du système de santé. Acteur de l’économie sociale et solidaire (ESS) impliqué dans ce secteur, la Mutualité française affirme ses valeurs propres tout en étant confrontée aux arguments du NPM. Comment s’y déroule cette rencontre ? Une analyse longitudinale des discours produits par une union régionale de la Mutualité montre un mouvement croisé de pénétration du NPM et une instrumentalisation de l’ESS.
« Accountability » ou rendre des « contes »
Authors: Point Sébastien , Trébucq Stéphane
Published: August 2015

Cet article propose une lecture des lettres des présidents des entreprises du SBF 120 en mobilisant le cadre théorique de Greimas, appelé schéma actantiel. Les informations narratives apparaissent régies selon une logique de reddition des comptes, contingente par rapport à la stratégie poursuivie, et aux propriétés de taille ou de performance des entreprises ; elles obéissent aussi à la codification sous-jacente d’un conte, qui permet de mieux en comprendre la structure.
Apports et limites de la production du chiffre dans l’entreprise sociale
Authors: Eynaud Philippe , Mourey Damien
Published: August 2015

Encouragées par le contexte institutionnel, les entreprises sociales utilisent de plus en plus le chiffre à des fins de pilotage, d’évaluation et de rationalisation de leur action. Une étude de cas compréhensive montre que le processus de production du chiffre dépasse ces premiers attendus en ce qui concerne la mesure de l’impact social. L’étude met en effet en lumière la place centrale du chiffre dans l’histoire de l’organisation, son rôle de marqueur identitaire, et son incidence sur la forme prise par l’entreprise sociale. à ce titre, elle souligne l’importance que celui-ci soit interrogé de manière réflexive par l’ensemble des parties prenantes dans le cadre d’une gouvernance participative ouverte.
Les acheteurs, « modérateurs » de la financiarisation
Authors: Sebti Hicham , Nasr Mohamed Ikram
Published: August 2015

Au moyen d’une étude qualitative, cet article s’intéresse à l’impact de la financiarisation sur le travail des acheteurs et la gestion des relations avec les fournisseurs. L’analyse se base sur les théories de la justice organisationnelle et de l’échange social et montre que les acheteurs ne sont pas neutres face aux dispositifs et au système de significations imposés par la direction pour financiariser les relations d’achats. Les résultats indiquent que cette financiarisation crée chez eux des sentiments d’injustice distributive, procédurale, interpersonnelle et informationnelle qui les amènent à mobiliser des stratégies d’action pour développer des relations d’échange social avec les fournisseurs.
La prudence comme origine morale de pratiques organisationnelles émergentes
Authors: Ben Khaled Wafa , Jemaa Fatma
Published: August 2015

Lerisk managementet le développement durable sont deux fonctions organisationnelles qui se sont développées et institutionnalisées ces dernières années. Cet article tente d’identifier les fondements culturels de cette émergence simultanée en mobilisant la théorie culturelle de Mary Douglas. Les auteurs montrent ainsi que la prudence peut être entendue comme l’origine morale et sociale commune durisk managementet du développement durable.
A Highly Regioselective C-3 Benzylation Reaction of Indoles with Alcohols Catalysed by an N-Heterocyclic Carbene
Authors: Zhu Yan-fang , Lu Guo-ping , Cai Chun
Published: August 2015

The direct C-3 alkylation of indoles with primary and secondary alcohols through the combination of KOH and an N-heterocyclic carbene is described. The KOH/NHC-catalysed system can give desired C-3 alkylated indoles with high selectivity in moderate to excellent yields. Moreover, this process has obvious advantages such as high atom economy and the absence of a metal source.
l-Proline-Catalysed the Synthesis of Aromatic Aldehydes and Ketones and their Acridione Derivatives at Room Temperature
Authors: Wang Fang-Ming , Bao Dan , Hu Bing-Xiang , Zhou Ze-Yu , Huang Deng-Deng , Chen Li-Zhuang , Liu Yang-Mei
Published: August 2015

A series of xanthene derivatives were prepared from cyclohexane-1,3-dione and aromatic aldehydes through Knoevenagel–Michael and cyclisation reactions in methanol:ethanol mixture (1:1), catalysed by a very small amount of l-proline at room temperature. Isomeric tetraketones were synthesised from dimedone and aromatic aldehydes under the same condition. Condensation of them with amines gave acridione derivatives. The crystal structure of an acridione was obtained and determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction.
Practical Synthesis of Naringenin
Authors: Wang Qian , Yang Jian , Zhang Xiang-ming , Zhou Lei , Liao Xia-li , Yang Bo
Published: August 2015

Two routes for the synthesis of the flavanone naringenin are described. In the first, 3,5-dimethoxyphenol is converted to 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyacetophenone and then by condensation with anisaldehyde to 2′-hydroxy-4,4′,6′-trimethoxychalcone. The chalcone is then cyclised with aqueous hydrochloric acid and demethylated with pyridine hydrochloride to form naringenin in 45% overall yield. The condensation of 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyacetophenone with anisaldehyde could also directly produce 4′,5,7-trimethoxyflavanone, which was then converted into naringenin in 60% overall yield. In the second route, a single step for the preparation of the chalcone is used in which 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene is acylated with p-methoxycinnamic acid. Although the synthesis of naringenin is achieved in a lower overall yield of 29%, the process is simpler.
Total Synthesis of Evelynin B and Taccabulin D
Authors: Huang Yu , Gan Haifeng , Guo Kai
Published: August 2015

Concise total syntheses of biosynthetic retro-dihydrochalones evelynin B and taccabulin D isolated from roots and rhizomes of Tacca chantrieri and T. integrifolia, have been achieved from pyrogallol trimethylether in six steps and 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene in three steps, respectively. A condensation between aldehyde and acetophenone was applied to form chalcone as a key step.
Three-Component Reaction of Alkyl Isocyanide, Acetylenic Diesters and 5-Hydroxy-5- Arylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-Trione
Authors: Ardakani Leili Shaker , Mosslemin Mohammad Hossein , Sadeghi Bahareh
Published: August 2015

A three-component reaction of an alkyl isocyanide, an acetylenic diester and 5-hydroxy-5-arylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione provides an efficient route for the synthesis of dialkyl 2-(alkylamino)-5-(4-nitrophenyl)-7,9,11-trioxo-1-oxa-5,8,10-triazaspiro[5.5]undec-2-ene-3,4-dicarboxylate derivatives.
Efficient Catalytic Sonogashira Reaction Catalysed by Modified Fibre-Palladium(II) Complex in Air
Authors: Wu Zhi-Chuan , Sun Yu-Xing , Xu Mao-Dong , Tao Ting-Xian
Published: August 2015

A hydroxylamine modified polypropylene fibre [Pd(II)-AOFs] was synthesised and used to catalyse the Sonogashira reaction between phenylacetylene and iodobenzene. The results showed that highly efficient catalytic activity can be achieved for the cross-coupling reaction. More importantly, the reaction conditions are moderate and do not require inert gas protection. The catalyst could be readily extracted by simple operations and conveniently recycled four times without an obviously significant decrease in activity.
Synthesis of 3,5-Disubstituted-1H-Pyrazoles from Acid Chlorides, Alkynes, and Hydrazine in the Presence of Silica-Supported-Zinc Bromide
Authors: Keivanloo Ali , Bakherad Mohammad , Samangooei Shahrzad
Published: August 2015

An efficient one-pot palladium- and copper-free procedure has been developed for a convenient synthesis of 3,5 -disubstituted-1H-pyrazoles from various acid chlorides, terminal alkynes and hydrazine by a coupling reaction and cyclocondensation sequence. Acid chlorides react with terminal alkynes in the presence of silica-supported-zinc bromide to give α,β-unsaturated ynones, and in situ conversion into pyrazoles by the hydrazine cyclocondensation.
Expression of Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Subunit Related to the Rate of Intramuscular Lipogenesis in Fast and Slow-Growing Chicken Strains
Authors: Yang Ye , Song Jiao , Fu Rui-Qi , Sun Yan-Fa , Wen Jie
Published: August 2015

The objective of this study was to compare the expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase ( AMPK) and its relation to rates of lipogenesis in the muscle of fast (Arbor Acres, AA chickens)-and slow (Bei-Jing-You, BJY chickens)-growing chicken strains. Twelve birds for each strain were selected and slaughtered at 8 weeks of age for AA chickens and week 8, week 16 for BJY chickens. The amount of intramuscular fat (IMF) content, expression of AMPK subunits and key regulators of lipogenesis in the thigh and breast muscle tissue were determined. Results showed that the content of IMF and expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors γ, FA translocase CD36 and fatty acid synthase in the thigh and breast muscle of week 16 BJY were significantly higher than those for week 8 AA and week 8 BJY chickens ( P < 0.05). Compared with AA chickens at 8 weeks, at 16 weeks, the BJY showed a significantly lower expression of AMPK subunits (except subunits α1 and γ3 in thigh and β1 and γ2 in breast) in the muscle ( P < 0.05). To examine the role of AMPK on adipogenesis, the muscle-derived stromal-vascular cells were cultured in adipogenic medium and treated with AICAR and Compound C. The administration of compound C significantly induced expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein factors β, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 and peroxisome proliferator activated receptors γ ( P < 0.05), and AICAR-induced AMPK activation inhibited adipogenic gene expression. In conclusion, there was a significantly higher IMF content and lipogenic gene expression in week 16 BJY than week 8 AA. AMPK expression negatively related to intramuscular lipid in chickens.
The Impact of a Microbial Feed Supplement on Small Intestine Integrity and Oxidative Stress Biomarker in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Ghareeb Khaled , König Kerstin , Awad Wageha A. , Zebeli Qendrim , Böhm Josef
Published: August 2015

High productivity associated with the meat quality and low costs are the main objectives of meat poultry production. Removal of antibiotics from poultry diets in many parts of the world has amplified the interest in using feed additives in commercial poultry production to improve intestinal health and nutrient utilisation. We have conducted an experiment to assess whether the dietary inclusion of a microbial feed additive (MFA) has an effect on the small intestinal micro-architecture and oxidative stress biomarker (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, TBARS) in the liver and brain of broiler chickens. Two dietary treatments (n = 10/ treatment), consisting of a basal diet (control group) or the basal diet supplemented with 2.5 kg of MFA/ton of feed (MFA group), were fed to broiler chicks from 1 to 35 days of age. On day 35, birds were slaughtered to collect tissue samples from the duodenum and jejunum for histo-morphometry and from the liver and brains for measuring TBARS. The results showed that addition of MFA to the broiler diet only increased ( P = 0.019) the crypt depth of the villi in the duodenum, without affecting the villus height, villus width and thickness of the muscularis of the duodenum and the jejunum. Furthermore, supplementation of MFA in the diet decreased the level of TBARS in the brain ( P = 0.013) and in the liver ( P = 0.017), suggesting a decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. We conclude that the addition of microbial supplement to broiler diets had limited effects on the intestinal integrity but has the potential to alleviate the level of oxidative stress in broilers.
Effects of Storage on Physico-Chemical Parameters and Quality of Greater Rhea (Rhea Americana) Eggs
Authors: Cervi Renato Clini , Rezende Cíntia Silvia Minafra e , de Miranda Araújo Luciana Batalha , Andrade Maria Auxiliadora , Magno Leonardo Lopes , Café Marcos Barcellos
Published: August 2015

The Greater Rhea ( Rhea americana) is a member of Brazilian fauna with potential for the production of eggs with a unique nutritional composition that differs from the eggs of other species. The present study aimed to gather information regarding the centesimal composition of Greater Rhea eggs and the storage time for the preservation of egg quality for human consumption. Twenty-five Greater Rhea eggs (albumen and yolk fractions), distributed into five groups of eggs stored for 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days at 10 °C, were analysed. For the determinations of the percentage composition, total protein was quantified by the Kjeldahl method and total lipids by the Soxhlet method. To assess egg quality, the Haugh unit (HU), pH, and protein degradation (by SDS PAGE electrophoresis) were determined. Based on the results, the albumen protein fraction quality was maintained for 21 days, while the yolk proteins began to denature on the 14th day. The total lipids of the albumen and yolk fractions did not change significantly until the 35th day of storage; at this time, the quality decreased significantly, indicating that the eggs were adequate for consumption until the 28th day. Considering the protein degradation profile and internal quality, Greater Rhea eggs can be stored for 21 days at 10 °C without alteration of their nutritional or functional characteristics.
Influence of synoptic atmospheric conditions on movement of individual sea-ice floes in Fram Strait, late summer 2010
Authors: King Jennifer A. , Bigg Grant R. , Hall Richard
Published: August 2015

In this paper we investigate the effect on sea-ice movement of changes in the synoptic atmospheric conditions in late boreal summer 2010. Our study area is the western Fram Strait, a crucial passage for the transport of ice out of the Arctic basin. Ice dynamics here affect the movement of ice in the East Greenland Current, the transpolar drift and ice extent in the Arctic Ocean. In contrast to other times of the year, when the Fram Strait wind field is characterized by strong, persistent northerlies, we show that the weaker, more variable winds typical during late summer for the Fram Strait can slow movement of ice floes out of the area, thus slowing the export of ice from the Arctic Ocean at the end of summer, a time crucial for ice export. The Arctic Ocean could lose even more of the ice that survives the summer if this was not the case. This would leave the Arctic Ocean in an even more vulnerable position with regard to the amount of multi-year ice remaining the following summer.
Investigation of the Promotion of Wind Power Consumption Using the Thermal-Electric Decoupling Techniques
Authors: Rong Shuang , Li Zhimin , Li Weixing
Published: August 2015

In the provinces of north China, combined heat and electric power generations (CHP) are widely utilized to provide both heating source and electricity. While, due to the constraint of thermal-electric coupling within CHP, a mass of wind turbines have to offline operate during heating season to maintain the power grid stability. This paper proposes a thermal-electric decoupling (TED) approach to release the energy waste. Within the thermal-electric decoupling system, heat storage and electric boiler/heat pump are introduced to provide an auxiliary thermal source during hard peak shaving period, thus relying on the participation of an outside heat source, the artificial electric power output change interval could be widened to adopt more wind power and reduce wind power curtailment. Both mathematic models and methods are proposed to calculate the evaluation indexes to weight the effect of TED, by using the Monte Carlo simulation technique. Numerical simulations have been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods, and the results show that the proposed approach could relieve up to approximately 90% of wind power curtailment and the ability of power system to accommodate wind power could be promoted about 32%; moreover, the heating source is extended, about 300 GJ heat could be supplied by TED during the whole heating season, which accounts for about 18% of the total heat need.
Energy Efficiency Indicators for Assessing Construction Systems Storing Renewable Energy: Application to Phase Change Material-Bearing Façades
Authors: Tenorio José , Sánchez-Ramos José , Ruiz-Pardo Álvaro , Álvarez Servando , Cabeza Luisa
Published: August 2015

Assessing the performance or energy efficiency of a single construction element by itself is often a futile exercise. That is not the case, however, when an element is designed, among others, to improve building energy performance by harnessing renewable energy in a process that requires a source of external energy. Harnessing renewable energy is acquiring growing interest in Mediterranean climates as a strategy for reducing the energy consumed by buildings. When such reduction is oriented to lowering demand, the strategy consists in reducing the building’s energy needs with the use of construction elements able to passively absorb, dissipate, or accumulate energy. When reduction is pursued through M&E services, renewable energy enhances building performance. The efficiency of construction systems that use renewable energy but require a supplementary power supply to operate can be assessed by likening these systems to regenerative heat exchangers built into the building. The indicators needed for this purpose are particularly useful for designers, for they can be used to compare the efficiency or performance to deliver an optimal design for each building. This article proposes a series of indicators developed to that end and describes their application to façades bearing phase change materials (PCMs).
Livestock and Ecosystem Services: An Exploratory Approach to Assess Agri-Environment-Climate Payments of RDP in Trentino
Authors: Notte Alessandra , Marongiu Sonia , Masiero Mauro , Molfetta Pietro , Molignoni Riccardo , Cesaro Luca
Published: August 2015

The identification of an appropriate justification for Agri-Environment-Climate (AEC) payments is a crucial issue in the new Rural Development Programme (RDP). Given the environmental importance of grasslands in Trentino (Italy), the Management Authority in charge of the RDP decided to integrate an approach based on Ecosystem Services (ES) into the calculation of AEC payments. The paper presents the methodology used for this approach as well as the preliminary results. The first step entails building a probabilistic model for the ES, named Sustainable Fodder Production. Model outputs are then integrated with the accounting results based on the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) database (2009–2012) with the aim of calculating the additional costs and income waived due to the environmental commitments deriving from the sustainable management of permanent grassland in livestock farming. Sustainability measures imply more extensive management practices that maintain meadows in a healthy state.
Root Operators and “Evolution” Equations
Authors: Dattoli Giuseppe , Torre Amalia
Published: August 2015

Root-operator factorization à la Dirac provides an effective tool to deal with equations, which are not of evolution type, or are ruled by fractional differential operators, thus eventually yielding evolution-like equations although for a multicomponent vector. We will review the method along with its extension to root operators of degree higher than two. Also, we will show the results obtained by the Dirac-method as well as results from other methods, specifically in connection with evolution-like equations ruled by square-root operators, that we will address to as relativistic evolution equations.
Underwater Acoustic Wavefront Visualization by Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer for the Characterization of Focused Ultrasonic Transducers
Authors: Longo Roberto , Vanlanduit Steve , Arroud Galid , Guillaume Patrick
Published: August 2015

The analysis of acoustic wave fields is important for a large number of engineering designs, communication and health-related reasons. The visualization of wavefronts gives valuable information about the type of transducers and excitation signals more suitable for the test itself. This article is dedicated to the development of a fast procedure for acoustic fields visualization in underwater conditions, by means of laser Doppler vibrometer measurements. The ultrasonic probe is a focused transducer excited by a chirp signal. The scope of this work is to evaluate experimentally the properties of the sound beam in order to get reliable information about the transducer itself to be used in many kinds of engineering tests and transducer design.
A new method for the synthesis of α-aminoalkylidenebisphosphonates and their asymmetric phosphonyl-phosphinyl and phosphonyl-phosphinoyl analogues
Authors: Kuźnik Anna , Mazurkiewicz Roman , Grymel Mirosława , Zielińska Katarzyna , Adamek Jakub , Chmielewska Ewa , Bochno Marta , Kubica Sonia
Published: August 2015

A convenient approach has been developed to α-aminoalkylidenebisphosphonates and their asymmetric phosphonyl-phosphinyl and phosphonyl-phosphinoyl analogues by α-phosphonylation, α-phosphinylation or α-phosphinoylation of 1-(N-acylamino)alkylphosphonates, that, in turn, are easily accessible from N-acyl-α-amino acids. Effective electrophilic activation of the α-position of 1-(N-acetylamino)alkylphosphonates was achieved by electrochemical α-methoxylation of these compounds in methanol, mediated with NaCl, followed by displacement of the methoxy group with triphenylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate to give hitherto unknown 1-(N-acetylamino)-1-triphenylphosphoniumalkylphosphonate tetrafluoroborates. The latter compounds react smoothly with trialkyl phosphites, dialkyl phosphonites or alkyl phosphinites in the presence of Hünig’s base and methyltriphenylphosphonium iodide in a Michaelis–Arbuzov-like reaction to give the expected alkylidenebisphosphonates, 1-phosphinylalkylphosphonates or 1-phosphinoylalkylphosphonates, respectively, in good yields.
CARES
®
Dementia Care for Families™: Effects of Online, Psychoeducational Training on Knowledge of Person-Centered Care and Satisfaction
Authors: Gaugler Joseph E. , Hobday John V. , Robbins Joyce C. , Barclay Michelle P.
Published: August 2015

Challenges to intervention use among family caregivers of individuals with dementia include availability and timing of delivery. The current study sought to determine whether an online, psychoeducational intervention for dementia family caregivers, CARES
®
Dementia Care for Families™ (CARES for Families), improved and enhanced dementia caregivers’ knowledge of person-centered care approaches. Forty-one family members completed pre- and posttest surveys that assessed improvement in dementia care knowledge, and multiple close- and open-ended items examined how the CARES for Families online modules benefited users at posttest. A paired
t
test demonstrated a significant and considerable increase in dementia care knowledge among family caregivers (
p
< 0.001); caregivers also indicated that CARES for Families’ content, flexibility, and use of actual family caregivers and individuals with dementia in video care vignettes were strengths. The findings suggest that CARES for Families can offer an efficient supplement to holistic dementia care that gerontological nurses provide. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 41
(10), 18–24.]
The Quality of Cost-Utility Analyses in Orthopedic Trauma
Authors: Nwachukwu Benedict U. , Schairer William W. , O’Dea Evan , McCormick Frank , Lane Joseph M.
Published: August 2015

As health care in the United States transitions toward a value-based model, there is increasing interest in applying cost-effectiveness analysis within orthopedic surgery. Orthopedic trauma care has traditionally underemphasized economic analysis. The goals of this review were to identify US-based cost-utility analysis in orthopedic trauma, to assess the quality of the available evidence, and to identify cost-effective strategies within orthopedic trauma. Based on a review of 971 abstracts, 8 US-based cost-utility analyses evaluating operative strategies in orthopedic trauma were identified. Study findings were recorded, and the Quality of Health Economic Studies (QHES) instrument was used to grade the overall quality. Of the 8 studies included in this review, 4 studies evaluated hip and femur fractures, 3 studies analyzed upper extremity fractures, and 1 study assessed open tibial fracture management. Cost-effective interventions identified in this review include total hip arthroplasty (over hemiarthroplasty) for femoral neck fractures in the active elderly, open reduction and internal fixation (over nonoperative management) for distal radius and scaphoid fractures, limb salvage (over amputation) for complex open tibial fractures, and systems-based interventions to prevent delay in hip fracture surgery. The mean QHES score of the studies was 79.25 (range, 67–89). Overall, there is a paucity of cost-utility analyses in orthopedic trauma; however, the available evidence suggests that certain operative interventions can be cost-effective. The quality of these studies, however, is fair, based on QHES grading. More attention should be paid to evaluating the cost-effectiveness of operative intervention in orthopedic trauma. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(8):e673–e680.]
Short-term Results of Birmingham Hip Resurfacing in the United States
Authors: Nam Denis , Nunley Ryan M. , Ruh Erin L. , Engh C. Anderson , Rogerson John S. , Brooks Peter J. , Raterman Stephen J. , Su Edwin P. , Barrack Robert L.
Published: August 2015

Previous data on the survivorship of the Birmingham Hip Resurfacing (BHR) implant have come from design surgeons and large national databases outside of the United States, and there is a lack of reported outcomes of surface replacement arthroplasty from US centers. A retrospective study was undertaken of 1271 hips treated with a BHR system (Smith & Nephew, Memphis, Tennessee) between June 2006 and September 2008 at 6 high-volume total joint centers in the United States. Demographic features, Harris Hip Score (HHS), and radiographic findings were recorded. Patients who did not have a 2-year follow-up visit were contacted by telephone. All patients were asked about complications, reoperations, or failure of the implants. Of the treated hips, 1144 (90%) had a minimum of 2 years of clinical follow-up (mean, 2.9 years; range, 1.8–4.2 years). Mean age was 52.3 years, and 75% of patients were men. Mean HHS improved from 55.8 preoperatively to 97.4 at the most recent follow-up (
P
<.001). There were 16 (1.4%) revisions to total hip arthroplasty (THA) for fracture (7), early dislocation (3), acetabular component malpositioning with pain (3; 1 with metallosis), infection (1), femoral loosening (1), and pseudotumor (1). There were 9 additional complications (0.8%) that did not require revision, including 3 dislocations treated with closed reduction, 2 fractures, 3 nerve injuries, and 1 pseudotumor. At 2 to 4 years of follow-up, the revision rate and the major complication rate with the BHR system were similar to those in previous reports of primary THA. Excellent clinical results were observed, but further follow-up is necessary to assess mid- and long-term results with the BHR system in US patients. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(8):e715–e721.]