bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minocycline reduces intracerebral hemorrhage–induced white matter injury in piglets
Authors: Yang Heng , Gao Xin‐Jie , Li Yan‐Jiang , Su Jia‐Bin , E Tong‐Zhou , Zhang Xin , Ni Wei , Gu Yu‐Xiang
Published: September 2019

Aims

White matter (WM) injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) results in poor or even fatal outcomes. As an anti‐inflammatory drug, minocycline has been considered a promising choice to treat brain injury after ICH. However, whether minocycline can reduce WM injury after ICH is still controversial. In the present study, we investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of minocycline on WM injury after ICH.

Methods

An ICH model was induced by an injection of autologous blood into the right frontal lobe of piglets. First, transcriptional analysis was performed at day 1 or 3 to investigate the dynamic changes in neuroinflammatory gene expression in WM after ICH. Second, ICH piglets were treated either with minocycline or with vehicle alone. All piglets then underwent magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain swelling. Brain tissue was used for real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and electron microscopy.

Results

Transcriptional analysis demonstrated that transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β)/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is associated with microglia/macrophage‐mediated inflammation activation after ICH and is then involved in WM injury after ICH in piglets. Minocycline treatment results in less ICH‐induced brain swelling, fewer neurological deficits, and less WM injury in comparison with the vehicle alone. In addition, minocycline reduces microglial activation and alleviates demyelination in white matter after ICH. Finally, we found that minocycline attenuates WM injury by increasing the expression of TGF‐β and suppressing MAPK activation after ICH.

Conclusion

These results indicate that TGF‐β–mediated MAPK signaling contributes to WM injury after ICH, which can be altered by minocycline treatment.
Do economic recessions “squeeze the middle class”?
Authors: Batinti Alberto , Costa‐Font Joan
Published: September 2019

We examine whether economic downturns are linked to the distribution of population income giving rise to an observed “middle class squeeze.” We test this hypothesis using a novel and unique dataset using the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) and allowing us to construct alternative definitions of middle class, such as income‐based measures, including labor income based, and perceived measures from the Integrated Values Study (IVS). Our findings suggest that, although recessions are not consistently correlated with middle class squeeze overall, the more unanticipated shocks resulting from the Great Recession show consistently through several definitions, a negative and robust conditional correlation. Furthermore, we find that recessions are positively correlated with the share of the population that regards itself as “middle class.” Estimates are heterogeneous to the baseline unemployment at the time of a recession, country spending on social protection, to middle class measures and definitions.
Removal and eradication of introduced species in a fenced reserve: Quantifying effort, costs and results
Authors: Ruykys Laura , Carter Andrew
Published: September 2019

Given the difficulty of effective landscape‐scale control of introduced predators, fenced areas that exclude them (i.e. ‘mainland islands') can play an important role in conserving threatened mammal species in Australia. Despite this, the effort required to eradicate or remove introduced species from within fenced areas remains poorly quantified. This study was conducted at Mt Gibson Wildlife Sanctuary in semi‐arid Western Australia, where a 43 km predator‐exclusion fence surrounding 7832 ha was completed in June 2014. The subsequent effort expended in eradicating feral Cat (Felis catus) and removing European Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) populations was logged daily during 11 months of active population removal and 3.5 months of monitoring. The total effort expended on cat eradication, rabbit removal and monitoring included over 4800 person‐hours of work and nearly 67,000 km of driving (of which 6700 km was for spotlighting), and the conduct of over 15,000 trap nights, 2300 km of sand tracking transects, and over 7800 camera‐trap nights. Total costs (in 2015 figures) were estimated at just over AUD $390,000, which equates to approximately $50 per hectare. Cage trapping was most efficacious for catching cats, although it took nine months to capture the last individual, which was detected independently by both sand tracking transects and camera traps. This research provides baseline data on the resources required for future eradication and removal projects, particularly those within fenced reserves.
EACR Cancer Genomics 2019 conference: from tumour evolution to personalised immunotherapy
Authors: Lanzós Andrés , Elliott Kerryn
Published: September 2019

Recent advances in cancer genomics are revolutionising our understanding of the genetic basis of tumour proliferation and of the impact of the immune system and microbiome in drug response. The 4th Cancer Genomics conference hosted by the European Association for Cancer Research covered breakthroughs in this field such as the search for novel cancer antigens and single‐cell mapping of tumour evolution. This report focuses on the novel insights obtained from a variety of research groups under the banner of cancer genomics, as well as some insights of the general discussions held at the conference focussing on setting up a successful laboratory and possible alternatives in the scientific career.
GASP‐1 and GASP‐2, two closely structurally related proteins with a functional duality in antitrypsin inhibition specificity: a mechanistic point of view
Authors: Parenté Alexis , Di Meo Florent , Lapeyronie Eric , Al Mansi Montasir , Delourme Didier , Pélissier Patrick , Brémaud Laure , Trouillas Patrick , Blanquet Véronique
Published: September 2019

While GASP‐1 and GASP‐2 proteins are known to regulate myogenesis by inhibiting myostatin, their structural organization suggests a putative role as multivalent protease inhibitors controlling different protease activities. In this study, we show the noncompetitive and competitive antitrypsin activities of the full‐length GASP‐1 and GASP‐2 proteins, respectively, by using a bacterial system production and in vitro enzymatic experiments. The role of the second Kunitz domain in this functional duality is described by assessing the antitrypsin activity of GASP‐1/2 chimeric proteins. Molecular dynamics simulations support the experimental data to rationalize differences in binding modes between trypsin and the GASP‐1 and GASP‐2 second Kunitz domains. A new inhibition mechanism was evidenced for the second Kunitz domain of GASP‐2, in which the conventional cationic residue of trypsin inhibitors was substituted by the strongly interacting glutamine residue.
Making reusable reaction‐bonded silicon nitride crucibles for silicon casting from kerf‐loss silicon waste
Authors: Liu Chia En , Lan Wen Chieh , Yu Hao Ting , Yang Han Lin , Liu I. Tseng , Hsu Hsiao Ping , Lan Chung Wen
Published: September 2019

Silicon kerf loss during wafer slicing and the broken quartz crucibles after silicon casting are two major solid wastes from photovoltaic (PV) industry. Especially, the recycle of kerf‐loss silicon has become an urgent issue because near 100 000 t of solid wastes are generated every year. One of the most meaningful recycle routes of the kerf‐loss silicon is to make silicon nitride crucibles to replace the quartz crucibles. In this study, we demonstrated how this is feasible through acid leaching refining, slip casting, and nitridation. The reaction‐bonded silicon nitride (RBSN) crucibles after oxidation were found pure enough for silicon ingot growth. More importantly, they could be reused after ingot growth. With the present examples, the potential of using the kerf‐loss silicon for fine ceramics is prominent.
Nocturnal systolic hypertension is a risk factor for cardiac damage in the untreated masked hypertensive patients
Authors: Li Jianhao , Cao Yalin , Liu Chen , Li Jiayong , Yao Fengjuan , Dong Yugang , Huang Huiling
Published: September 2019

The nocturnal blood pressure (BP) has been identified as a prognostic factor for cardiovascular events. This study aimed to investigate the association between different patterns of nocturnal masked hypertension (MH) and the echocardiographic parameters in the untreated nocturnal MH patients. A total of 721 untreated MH patients (309 females and 412 males, mean age = 56.59 ± 15.20 years) from June 2006 and June 2016 were included and divided into nocturnal systolic MH (n = 77), nocturnal diastolic MH (n = 232), and nocturnal systolic/diastolic MH (n = 412) groups according to the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Baseline characteristics, office BP values, ambulatory BP monitoring parameters, and echocardiographic parameters were compared among the three groups. The independent factors associated with echocardiographic parameters were analyzed by multivariate linear regression. The nocturnal systolic group had the highest ratio of males, mean age, and office systolic BP (SBP), and the lowest office, 24‐hour, daytime, nocturnal diastolic BP and heart rate among the three groups. The nocturnal diastolic group had the lowest interventricular septum (IVS) thickness, left atrium (LA) dimension, and left ventricular (LV) mass among the three groups. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that 24‐hour, daytime, and nocturnal SBPs were all positively associated with LA dimension, IVS thickness, and LV mass (all B were positive and P < .050). Pearson's correlation analysis showed that nocturnal SBP was positively correlated with LA dimension, IVS thickness, and LV mass. These results suggested that different patterns of nocturnal MH had different echocardiographic outcomes. Nocturnal SBP was the independent factor associated with the echocardiographic parameters.
“The Path Makes Us Strong”: Experiences of Reproductive Coercion Among Latina Women and Strategies for Minimizing Harm
Authors: Grace Karen Trister , Alexander Kamila A. , Jeffers Noelene K. , Miller Elizabeth , Decker Michele R. , Campbell Jacquelyn , Glass Nancy
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Latina women disproportionately report experiencing reproductive coercion (RC), a set of behaviors that interfere with autonomous reproductive decision‐making. Given RC's associations with intimate partner violence (IPV) and unintended pregnancy, it is critical to identify and address RC to assist women to achieve safety, autonomy, and reproductive life plans. The purpose of this study was to describe RC and the use of RC safety strategies among Latina women receiving IPV services at an urban clinic

Methods

Qualitative descriptive methodology was used. A purposive sample of 13 Latinas aged 20 to 40 years was recruited. Semi‐structured interviews were transcribed and translated, then read to verify accuracy and gain understanding of overall responses, ensuring confirmability and trustworthiness. Two authors developed a codebook of a priori and emerging codes, and independently applied it. Discrepancies were triangulated with a third researcher, establishing credibility and confirmability. Codes were grouped into theoretical constructs.

Results

Themes included RC behaviors (with subthemes pregnancy pressure, birth control sabotage, and controlling pregnancy outcome), co‐occurrence of RC and IPV, and RC harm reduction strategies. New RC behaviors emerged, and immigration status was used as a method of coercive control. Cultural norms emerged as sources of vulnerability and resilience. Coercive partners were also violent. Harm reduction strategies included less detectable contraception; some sought community services, but others resorted to deception and stalling as the only tools available to them.

Discussion

The importance of translation services and clearly stating immigration risks from seeking help was apparent. Less detectable methods of contraception remain useful harm reduction strategies. Midwives should inquire about method fit and be mindful of honoring the request when patients ask to change methods. Cultural norms of strength and resilience emerged as vital sources of power and endurance. Nurses and researchers must consider how to support this and help women to access it. This diverse sample and the powerful voices of the women who participated make a significant contribution to the understanding of RC experienced by Latina women in the United States.
Discrimination of Aspergillus flavus from Aspergillus oryzae by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry
Authors: Hedayati Mohammad T. , Taghizadeh‐Armaki Mojtaba , Zarrinfar Hossein , Hoseinnejad Akbar , Ansari Saham , Abastabar Mahdi , Er Halil , Özhak Betil , Öğünç Dilara , Ilkit Macit , Seyedmousavi Seyedmojtaba
Published: September 2019

Background

Aspergillus flavus is a major cause of severe non‐invasive fungal infections in the Middle Eastern countries. However, it is difficult to distinguish A flavus from A oryzae.

Objectives

To assess the potential of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) in discriminating between A flavus and A oryzae and compare it with β‐tubulin gene sequencing.

Methods

We used the Bruker Daltonik MALDI‐TOF MS system to analyse 200 clinical and environmental A flavus isolates and one A pseudonomius and one A alliaceus (Aspergillus section Flavi) isolate a priori identified as such by sequencing of the β‐tubulin gene.

Results

All 200 A flavus isolates were identified at the genus level and 176 (88%) at the species levels by MALDI‐TOF MS based on the spectral log‐scores (≥2.0 and 1.7‐1.99, respectively); among them, only 18 (10.2%) were confirmed as A flavus, whereas 35 (19.9%) were identified as A oryzae and 123 (69.9%) as A flavus/A oryzae. Aspergillus pseudonomius and A alliaceus were misidentified as A flavus and A parasiticus with log‐score values of 1.39 and 1.09, respectively.

Conclusions

The results indicate that the commercially available Bruker Daltonik MALDI‐TOF MS score database cannot separate A flavus and A oryzae species. We also showed that establishment of an in‐house library is a useful tool to discriminate closely related Aspergillus species, including A flavus and A oryzae.
Limitations in Activities of Daily Living in People With Chronic Pain: Identification of Groups Using Clusters Analysis
Authors: Dueñas María , Salazar Alejandro , de Sola Helena , Failde Inmaculada
Published: September 2019

Background

Chronic pain (CP) is a major public health problem affecting patients' lives and reducing physical activity. The aim is to establish subgroups of people with chronic pain (PCP) according to limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs), and to identify sociodemographic, pain‐related, and psychosocial variables associated with each subgroup.

Methods

Nationwide cross‐sectional study on a representative sample of the Spanish adult population. Information on pain characteristics and ADL limitations was collected via telephone survey. A cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups of subjects according to the limitations on ADLs. Multivariate analysis was performed to analyze the variables related to each subgroup.

Results

Out of the 1,957 surveys included in the original study, 325 PCP were identified according to the definition of the International Association for the Study of Pain. More than 50% reported some limitation in ADLs. Three groups of PCP were identified, with low, medium, and high ADL limitation. Older age, widespread and more intense pain, decrease in work activity, and belief that their pain affected the relationship with their friends were associated with higher limitations.

Conclusions

The identification of the characteristics of people with higher limitations could help guide future prevention and treatment initiatives to minimize the disabling impact of chronic pain on patients' family, work, and social life.
Nevus‐associated melanoma: An observational retrospective study of 22 patients evaluated with dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy
Authors: Pampín‐Franco Ana , Gamo‐Villegas Reyes , Floristán‐Muruzábal Uxúa , Pinedo‐Moraleda Fernando J. , Pérez‐Fernández Elia , García‐Zamora Elena , López‐Estebaranz José Luis
Published: September 2019

Background

The frequency of nevus‐associated melanoma (NAM) has been estimated to be 29% of diagnosed melanomas.

Materials and methods

This is an observational retrospective study of 22 cases of NAM diagnosed in the Universitary Hospital Alcorcón between September 2011 and 2018. The main objective was to analyze dermoscopic and RCM features of NAM. We also studied if there was an association between any dermoscopic or RCM parameter and Breslow depth.

Results

The most frequent dermoscopic characteristics were multicomponent pattern (50%), multifocal pigmentation (45.5%), atypical network (59.1%), and blue‐gray regression structures (77.3%). RCM evidenced pagetoid cells in 95.5% melanomas (abundant in 59.1%), non‐edged dermal papillae in 86.4%, atypical cells at the dermal‐epidermal junction in 90.9%, and atypical junctional nesting in 81.8%. Deeper Breslow index was associated with red color (mean Breslow 0.65 vs 0.37 in melanomas without red, P = 0.035), shiny white streaks (0.85 vs 0.38, P = 0.041), abundant pagetoid cells (0.68 vs 0.26, P = 0.017), and non‐edged papillae (0.59 vs 0.00, P = 0.014).

Conclusion

RCM is a valuable tool for diagnosing NAM. Even it is very difficult to differentiate NAM from DNM both with dermoscopy and RCM, RCM can help us to detect remnants of a preexisting nevus and estimate Breslow depth.
Evaluation of anisotropic properties of striae distensae with regard to skin surface texture and viscoelasticity
Authors: Kim Min Ah , Jung Yu Chul , Kim Eun Joo
Published: September 2019

Background

Striae distensae (SD) are skin lesions of parallel streaks, which mostly occur during rapid tissue expansion. Considering the etiological mechanism of SD, including dermal network ruptures and alignment to mechanical stretch, structural directionality or anisotropy could be expected. Non‐invasive objective methods for measuring the anisotropy of SD have not been suggested yet. Therefore, we evaluated the anisotropic properties of SD with regard to skin surface texture and viscoelasticity, to verify them as new objective evaluation parameters of SD.

Methods

Thirty‐two healthy subjects with SD on their body participated. Anisotropy of skin surface texture and biomechanical properties of SD‐involved skin and adjacent normal skin was assessed and compared.

Results

Analysis of skin surface texture, based on the ×60 magnified images, revealed that SD have more disordered patterns compared to the regular honeycomb patterns seen in the normal surrounding skin. SD have bigger sizes of each blob than normal skin. The overall anisotropy of skin texture was significantly higher in SD. Skin biomechanical parameters, measured using Cutiscan®, indicated the less deformable, less recovered, and less viscoelastic properties of SD. When comparing viscoelastic properties over 360°, SD were more anisotropic than the adjacent normal skin as well.

Conclusion

We observed that SD were significantly more anisotropic than adjacent normal skin with regard to skin surface texture and viscoelasticity. Therefore, anisotropy could be an objective evaluation parameter to represent the distinctive features of SD. It can be applied for evaluation of the SD severity and clinical efficacy of various treatments.
Electric‐field penetration depth and dielectric spectroscopy observations of human skin
Authors: Maruyama Yuko , Kamata Hayato , Watanabe Seiei , Kita Rio , Shinyashiki Naoki , Yagihara Shin
Published: September 2019

Background

The dynamic behavior of water molecules remains an important subject for understanding human skin. The change in the dynamics of water molecules from those in bulk water can be effectively observed by dielectric spectroscopy. To study water in the human skin in vivo, non‐invasive and non‐destructive measurements are essential. Since many unknowns remain from previous research, in this report we employ a two‐layer dielectric model to evaluate the penetration depth of the electric field and use the results in measurements on human skin.

Materials and Methods

We used open‐ended coaxial probes with different diameters to perform time‐domain reflectometry (TDR) measurements for an acetone‐Teflon double‐layer model and for human skin from various parts of the body.

Results

The electric‐field penetration depth obtained from model measurements increases with the increasing outer diameter of open‐ended coaxial electrodes. For skin measurements, the relaxation strength corresponding to the water content shows a clear dependence on the epidermal thickness of the measured body parts.

Conclusion

We determined the depth distribution of the water content of skin from results of dielectric measurements obtained using electrodes with various electric‐field penetration depths. We found exponential decays with the thickness of the epidermis of each body part for several examinees. This study suggests an effective method for detailed evaluations of human skin.
Mapping a geothermal anomaly using apatite (U‐Th)/He thermochronology in the Têt fault damage zone, eastern Pyrenees, France
Authors: Milesi Gaétan , Soliva Roger , Monié Patrick , Münch Philippe , Bellanger Mathieu , Bruguier Olivier , Bonno Michael , Taillefer Audrey , Mayolle Sylvain
Published: September 2019

(U‐Th)/He ages on apatite obtained in the vicinity of the Têt fault hydrothermal system show a large variability. In the inner damage zone adjacent to the fault core, where fluid flows are concentrated, AHe ages display a large scatter (3–41 Ma) and apatite ageing. Samples from the outer damage zone show young ages with less dispersion (0.9–21.1 Ma) and apatite rejuvenation. Outside the damage zone, ages are consistent with the regional exhumation history between 20 and 12 Ma. The important age dispersion found in the damage zone is interpreted as the result of 4He mobility during fluid infiltration. Our results show that thermochronological data close to a fault should be interpreted with caution, but may offer a new tool for geothermal exploration.
Pig endothelial protein C receptor is functionally compatible with the human protein C pathway
Authors: Salvaris Evelyn J. , Moran Christopher J. , Roussel Jean Christian , Fisicaro Nella , Robson Simon C. , Cowan Peter J.
Published: September 2019

Background

Endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) plays an anticoagulant and anti‐inflammatory role by promoting the activation of protein C by thrombin bound to thrombomodulin (TBM). Incompatibility between pig TBM and human/primate thrombin is thought to contribute to dysregulated coagulation in pig‐to‐primate organ xenografts, and expression of human TBM (hTBM) in pigs has shown benefit in preclinical models. However, it is not known whether there are incompatibilities—or molecular barriers—between endogenous pig EPCR (pEPCR) and transgenically expressed human TBM.

Aim

To clone and express pEPCR, and determine its function in the human protein C pathway in vitro.

Methods

Pig endothelial protein C receptor cDNA was generated from pig lung RNA by RT‐PCR. Primate COS‐7 transfectants expressing various combinations of human and pig TBM and EPCR were incubated with human thrombin and human protein C, and tested for TBM cofactor activity.

Results

The predicted protein sequence of pEPCR shared 72.3% amino acid sequence identity with hEPCR, and residues critical for protein C binding were conserved. COS‐7 cells transfected with hEPCR, pEPCR or vector showed minimal TBM cofactor activity (0.13 ± 0.04, 0.13 ± 0.02 and 0.14 ± 0.06 U, respectively). The cofactor activity of hTBM‐transfected cells (1.18 ± 0.29 U) was 8‐fold higher than vector‐transfected cells (P = .004) and further increased 4‐fold and 3‐fold by co‐transfection with hEPCR (5.01 ± 1.12 U, P = .004) or pEPCR (3.73 ± 0.65 U, P = .003), respectively.

Conclusions

Our data show that pEPCR is largely compatible with the human TBM/thrombin complex, when expressed on COS‐7 cells in vitro, promoting the activation of human protein C. These findings suggest that endogenous pEPCR will enhance the activity of transgenic hTBM in the xenograft setting.
Aerodynamic Loading Induced by Muzzle Flows on Small Caliber Spin Stabilized Projectiles
Authors: Chen Chuanlin , Xu Hui , Huang Chenlei , Li Zhongxin , Wu Zhilin
Published: September 2019

In this study, we examined the aerodynamic loading on a small caliber rifle (spin stabilized) projectile moving in a muzzle flow field using an element method to analyze the loading and the effect of the angle of attack (for small angles from 0 to 3 deg) on the different components. The temporal pressure distribution on the projectile, which forms the basis of the element method, was computed using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis combined with a classical interior ballistics model. Then, a high-speed optical experiment was conducted to verify the results of the CFD method and ensure the accuracy of the calculations. The results were as follows: (a) similar to a large caliber projectile, the total axial force, which consisted primarily of the axial forces on the base and boattail, was found to have an inverse exponential relationship with time; (b) the overall lift was a combination of the lift of the base, boattail, cylinder, and nose; and (c) the interaction between the pitch moment of the base and that of the boattail was found to be the primary contributing factor to the total pitch moment. Based on these results, we recommend that the characteristics of the base and boattail be considered when specifying the geometric configuration of a projectile.
Experimental and Analytical Investigation of a Novel Multistage Twin-Screw Pump
Authors: Liu P. , Morrison G. , Patil A.
Published: September 2019

The performance of a multistage electrical submersible twin-screw pump (ESTSP) was evaluated under different operating conditions. The effect of working fluid, differential pressure, gas volumetric fraction (GVF), and pump rotating speed on the behavior of the ESTSP has been studied. Mineral oil and water were selected as test liquids. The pump was tested with a maximum differential pressure of 1000 psig. The GVF varies from 0% to 85%. The flow rate capacity and the volumetric efficiency were investigated in this research. An existing model to predict leakage flow of the single stage twin-screw pump is improved by extending the application for the multistage pumps. The model shows good agreement with experimental data under various operating conditions.
Taking Stock of Youth Sport Group Dynamics Research: A Scoping Review
Authors: Petersen Brennan , Eys Mark , Watson Kody , Evans M. Blair
Published: September 2019

Given the prevalence of group contexts in sport and the importance of the social environment for motivating youth participants, understanding and enhancing group dynamics are critical to facilitate youths’ participation in, and development through, sport. The current objective was to report on a scoping review that was employed to summarize research focused on the dynamics in youth sport groups. The review identified several themes that have been focused on with regularity (i.e., cohesion) and identified others with opportunities for greater incorporation in youth sport research (e.g., cooperation). Furthermore, encouragement is provided to move beyond survey-based, cross-sectional research and to give greater consideration to a developmental approach to understanding child and youth perceptions of the groups to which they belong. Overall, there are many opportunities for researchers to study the dynamics of youth sport groups with an aim to enhance the experiences of young athletes and facilitate group functioning.
Synthetic self-assembling ADDomer platform for highly efficient vaccination by genetically encoded multiepitope display
Authors: Vragniau Charles , Bufton Joshua C. , Garzoni Frédéric , Stermann Emilie , Rabi Fruzsina , Terrat Céline , Guidetti Mélanie , Josserand Véronique , Williams Matt , Woods Christopher J. , Viedma Gerardo , Bates Phil , Verrier Bernard , Chaperot Laurence , Schaffitzel Christiane , Berger Imre , Fender Pascal
Published: September 2019

ADDomer is a synthetic, self-assembling, virus-like particle platform that enables highly efficient vaccination.
Proposed rule deals blow to grad student unions
Authors: Langin Katie
Published: September 2019

Move would stifle efforts to push for better pay and protections at private U.S. universities.
Golden Goose Awards honor scientific ingenuity and talent
Authors: Hoy Anne Q.
Published: September 2019

Winning basic research yields surprise outcomes with lifesaving, transformative results
NF-κB Activation Promotes Alphavirus Replication in Mature Neurons
Authors: Yeh Jane X. , Park Eunhye , Schultz Kimberly L. W. , Griffin Diane E.
Published: September 2019

Mosquito-borne alphaviruses are a significant and growing cause of viral encephalomyelitis worldwide. The outcome of alphaviral neuronal infections is host age dependent and greatly affected by neuronal maturation status, with differentiated, mature neurons being more resistant to infection than undifferentiated, immature neurons. The biological factors that change during neuronal maturation and that influence the outcome of viral infection are currently only partially defined. These studies investigated the role of NF-κB in determining the outcome of alphaviral infection in mature and immature neurons. Inhibition of canonical NF-κB activation decreased alphavirus replication in mature neurons by regulating protein synthesis and limiting the production of the viral structural proteins but had little effect on viral replication in immature neurons or fibroblasts. Therefore, NF-κB is a signaling pathway that influences the maturation-dependent outcome of alphaviral infection in neurons and that highlights the importance of cellular context in determining the effects of signal pathway activation.
Migrant families with children in Montreal, Canada and transnational family support: a protocol for a focused ethnography
Authors: Merry Lisa , Hanley Jill , Ruiz-Casares Monica , Archambault Isabelle , Mogere Dominic
Published: September 2019

Introduction

There is a gap in research regarding transnational family support (emotional, practical, spiritual, informational and financial) as a resource for migrant families with children. From the perspective of migrant families and their family back home, the objectives of this study are to (1) identify the types and ways that transnational family support is provided to migrant families in Canada; (2) assess for patterns in the data that may suggest variations in the nature of this support (eg, by migration status, time in Canada, children’s ages, family circumstances) and over time and (3) explore the impact (positive and negative) in receiving and providing transnational support, respectively.

Methods and analysis

A focused ethnography is planned. We will recruit 25–35 migrant families with children with different migration histories (eg, economic or forced migration from a mix of countries) and family circumstances (eg, single parenthood, families living with extended family, families with children in the home country) living in Montreal, Canada. Families will be recruited through community organisations. Data will be gathered via semistructured interviews. To capture the perspective of those providing support, family members in the home country for each migrant family will also be recruited and interviewed through communication technology (eg, WhatsApp). Data collection will also involve observation of ‘transnational interactions’ between family members in Montreal and those back home. Data will be thematically analysed and results reported in a narrative form with an in-depth description of each theme.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was obtained from the sciences and health research ethics committee at the University of Montreal. Study results will be shared through traditional forums (publication, conference presentations) and via other knowledge dissemination/exchange activities (eg, ‘lunch and learn conferences’ and seminars) through the research team’s research centres and networks to reach front-line care-providers who interface directly with migrant families.
Effect of simulated catch-and-release angling on postrelease mortality and egg viability in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)
Authors: Smukall Matthew J. , Shaw Amy , Behringer Donald C.
Published: September 2019

Catch-and-release angling of salmonids is a widely implemented fisheries management strategy intended to provide recreational fishing opportunities while limiting harvest. Previous research has indicated mortality may be low, but the extent of sublethal impacts, including inability to reach spawning grounds or decreased spawning effectiveness, is relatively under-studied. Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were subjected to simulated catch-and-release events, with a subset also enduring air exposure, to determine how physiological stress influences the ability of sockeye salmon to reach spawning grounds and the viability of eggs produced. Short-term postrelease mortality was highest for fish that were subjected to air exposure, but once recovered, neither simulated catch-and-release nor air exposure had a major impact on their ability to reach spawning grounds. Egg viability was similar between treatment groups, indicating physiological stress associated with the trials did not have a negative impact on reproduction. These results suggest that handling, especially air exposure, is the primary concern and substantially impacts the short-term postrelease mortality of sockeye salmon, which has important implications for management.
The investigation of the viscous fingering phenomenon of immiscible fluids displacement by the Lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Li Peisheng , Peng Chengyu , Du Peng , Zhang Ying , Dong Boheng , Ma Ming
Published: September 2019

In this paper, the viscous fingering phenomena of two immiscible fluids with a large viscosity ratio was simulated by the Lattice Boltzmann method. The Rothman–Keller Lattice Boltzmann model was applied to study the viscous fingering phenomena in a microchannel where the high viscosity fluids were displaced by low viscosity fluids. We have investigated the influences of parameters such as viscosity ratio (M), surface wettability, capillary number (Ca), and Reynolds number (Re) on finger structures, breakthrough time (Ts), and areal sweep efficiency (Se). In particular, the effects of surface tension and large viscosity ratio on the phenomenon of fluid accumulation were intensively studied. The simulation results showed that the fluid accumulation became more obvious gradually with the increase of M, which led to more serious displacement effects. Moreover, Se increased as the contact angle increased. Besides, as the viscous fingering phenomenon weakened, the phenomenon of fluid accumulation became more evident. Furthermore, the finger pattern had a tendency to increase as the value of Ca and Re increased, and the phenomenon of fluid accumulation decreased with the decrease of Ts and Se.
A study of the bulk viscous pressure in scalar fields and holographic Ricci dark energy considered in the modified gravity framework
Authors: Chakrabarti Sthiti , Chattopadhyay Surajit , Radinschi Irina
Published: September 2019

The work presented in this paper reports a rigorous study of the reconstruction of the modified gravity in the framework of the scalar field models of dark energy and holographic Ricci dark energy, a generalized version of the holographic dark energy presented in S. Nojiri and S.D. Odintsov. Gen. Relativ. Gravitation, 38, 1285 (2006). The tachyon and quintessence scalar fields have been considered and the cosmology associated with the presence of bulk viscosity has been studied. In the first part of our study, we have demonstrated the behaviour of the bulk viscosity coefficient in the framework of the reconstructed tachyon scalar field model of dark energy. The scale factor is chosen in the form a(t) = a0tβ, where β > 0. Two scalar field models, namely, tachyon and quintessence, have been considered in the framework of the modified field equations through incorporation of the bulk viscous pressure. The reconstructed density and pressure of the scalar field models have been explored for the cosmological consequences in the presence of bulk viscosity. The behaviour of the effective equation of state parameters has been investigated. Finally, we have reconstructed f(T) gravity in the presence of holographic Ricci dark energy and a transition of the effective equation of state parameter from quintessence to phantom has been observed.
AAC LeRoy Canada Western Red Spring wheat
Authors: Kumar S. , Fox S.L. , Mitchell Fetch J. , Green D. , Fetch T. , McCallum B. , Aboukhaddour R. , Henriquez M.A.
Published: September 2019

AAC LeRoy (BW1049) is a hollow stemmed, awned, high-yielding Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat suited to the growing conditions in western Canada. AAC LeRoy was 10% higher yielding than Unity, the highest yielding check in the Central Bread Wheat Cooperative registration trials (2015–2017). Within the same test, AAC LeRoy was 13% higher yielding than Carberry, a popular CWRS wheat variety across the Canadian Prairies. AAC LeRoy matured 2 d earlier than Carberry and 1 d later than Unity, the earliest maturing check suited for eastern prairie growing conditions. AAC LeRoy was 6 cm shorter with better stem strength than Unity. The lodging score for AAC LeRoy was lower than the mean of the checks. The test weight of AAC LeRoy was similar to the mean of the checks. Over the 3 yr of testing (2015–2017), the 1000-kernel weight of AAC LeRoy was higher than all of the checks, with a grain protein content 0.6% units lower than Carberry. AAC LeRoy was rated as moderately resistant to Fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum Schwabe), leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Erikss.), stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend.), and stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. & E. Henn), including the Ug99 family of stem rusts. It also had a resistant reaction to loose smut [Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rostr.] and an intermediately resistant reaction to common bunt [Tilletia caries (DC.) Tul. & C. Tul.]. AAC LeRoy was resistant to orange wheat blossom midge (Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin). AAC LeRoy was registered under the CWRS market class.
Dipyrrolylnaphthyridine-based Schiff-base cryptands and their selective gas adsorption properties
Authors: Wang Fei , Sikma Eric , Duan Zhiming , Lei Chuanhu , Zhang Zhan , Humphrey Simon M. , Sessler Jonathan L.
Published: September 2019

Presented here is the synthesis of three new Schiff-base cryptands, 4–6. Dynamic covalent imine bond formation via the condensation of a dialdehyde (7 or 8) with two different tris-amines allowed for the preparation of 4–6 in 84%, 80% and 83% yield, respectively. These systems were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectra, and, in the case of 5, single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. These cages act as selective CO[Formula: see text] gas adsorbing materials in the solid state.
A Clustering-Based Approach for Improving the Accuracy of UWB Sensor-Based Indoor Positioning System
Authors: Arsan Taner , Hameez Mohammed Muwafaq Noori
Published: September 2019

There are several methods which can be used to locate an object or people in an indoor location. Ultra-wideband (UWB) is a specifically promising indoor positioning technology because of its high accuracy, resistance to interference, and better penetration. This study aims to improve the accuracy of the UWB sensor-based indoor positioning system. To achieve that, the proposed system is trained by using the K-means algorithm with an additional average silhouette method. This helps us to define the optimal number of clusters to be used by the K-means algorithm based on the value of the silhouette coefficient. Fuzzy c-means and mean shift algorithms are added for comparison purposes. This paper also introduces the impact of the Kalman filter while using the measured UWB test points as an input for the Kalman filter in order to obtain a better estimation of the position. As a result, the average localization error is reduced by 43.26% (from 16.3442 cm to 9.2745 cm) when combining the K-means algorithm with the Kalman filter in which the Kalman-filtered UWB-measured test points are used as an input for the proposed system.
T-Cell Receptor Stimulation Enhances the Expansion and Function of CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor–Expressing T Cells
Authors: Lapteva Natalia , Gilbert Margaret , Diaconu Iulia , Rollins Lisa A. , Al-Sabbagh Mina , Naik Swati , Krance Robert A. , Tripic Tamara , Hiregange Manasa , Raghavan Darshana , Dakhova Olga , Rouce Rayne H. , Liu Hao , Omer Bilal , Savoldo Barbara , Dotti Gianpietro , Cruz Conrad Russel , Sharpe Keli , Gates Melissa , Orozco Aaron , Durett April , Pacheco Elizabeth , Gee Adrian P. , Ramos Carlos A. , Heslop Helen E. , Brenner Malcolm K. , Rooney Cliona M.
Published: September 2019

Purpose:

Current protocols for CD19 chimeric antigen receptor–expressing T cells (CD19.CAR-T cells) require recipients to tolerate preinfusion cytoreductive chemotherapy, and the presence of sufficient target antigen on normal or malignant B cells.

Patients and Methods:

We investigated whether additional stimulation of CD19.CAR-T cells through their native receptors can substitute for cytoreductive chemotherapy, inducing expansion and functional persistence of CD19.CAR-T even in patients in remission of B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. We infused a low dose of CD19.CAR-modified virus-specific T cells (CD19.CAR-VST) without prior cytoreductive chemotherapy into 8 patients after allogeneic stem cell transplant.

Results:

Absent virus reactivation, we saw no CD19.CAR-VST expansion. In contrast, in patients with viral reactivation, up to 30,000-fold expansion of CD19.CAR-VSTs was observed, with depletion of CD19+ B cells. Five patients remain in remission at 42–60+ months.

Conclusions:

Dual T-cell receptor and CAR stimulation can thus potentiate effector cell expansion and CAR-target cell killing, even when infusing low numbers of effector cells without cytoreduction.
Randomized Phase II Trial and Tumor Mutational Spectrum Analysis from Cabozantinib versus Chemotherapy in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma (Alliance A091201)
Authors: Luke Jason J. , Olson Daniel J. , Allred Jacob B. , Strand Carrie A. , Bao Riyue , Zha Yuanyuan , Carll Timothy , Labadie Brian W. , Bastos Bruno R. , Butler Marcus O. , Hogg David , Munster Pamela N. , Schwartz Gary K.
Published: September 2019

Purpose:

The surface receptor MET is highly expressed on primary uveal melanoma; MET inhibitors demonstrated early clinical signals of efficacy in slowing uveal melanoma growth. The primary objective of our study was to compare the progression-free survival rate at 4 months (PFS4) of patients with uveal melanoma treated with cabozantinib or chemotherapy.

Patients and Methods:

Patients with metastatic uveal melanoma and RECIST measurable disease were randomized 2:1 to receive either cabozantinib (arm 1) versus temozolomide or dacarbazine (arm 2) with restaging imaging every two cycles. Cross-over from arm 2 to cabozantinib after progression was allowed (arm 2X). Available tumor specimens were analyzed by whole-exome sequencing (WES) and results were correlated with outcome.

Results:

Forty-six eligible patients were accrued with 31, 15, and 9 in arms 1, 2, and 2X, respectively. Median lines of prior therapy, including hepatic embolization, were two. Rates of PFS4 in arm 1 and arm 2 were 32.3% and 26.7% (P = 0.35), respectively, with median PFS time of 60 and 59 days (P = 0.964; HR = 0.99). Median overall survival (OS) was 6.4 months and 7.3 months (P = 0.580; HR = 1.21), respectively. Grade 3–4 Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events were present in 61.3%, 46.7%, and 37.5% in arms 1, 2, and 2X, respectively. WES demonstrated a mean tumor mutational burden of 1.53 mutations/Mb and did not separate OS ≤ or >1 year (P = 0.14). Known mutations were identified by WES and novel mutations were nominated.

Conclusions:

MET/VEGFR blockade with cabozantinib demonstrated no improvement in PFS but an increase in toxicity relative to temozolomide/dacarbazine in metastatic uveal melanoma.
A new distribution record of Asplenium scalare Rosenst. (Aspleniaceae) in India
Authors: Vijayakanth Periyasamy , Mazumdar Jaideep , Sathish S. Sahaya , Ravi Veluchamy , Kavitha Ramachandran
Published: September 2019

Rare and Critically endangered fern Asplenium scalare is first time reported from Tamil Nadu, India. Its natural occurrence supports it as native species, not introduced.
Three grasses (Poaceae), additions to the flora of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Midigesi Anil Kumar , Rao Boyina Ravi Prasad
Published: September 2019

Bothriochloa insculpta (A. Rich.) A. Camus, Cyrtococcum patens (L.) A. Camus var. patens and Sacciolepis myosuroides (R. Br.) A. Camus. (Panicoideae: Poaceae) are three grasses that were collected from Chittoor and Visakhapatnam districts of Andhra Pradesh.  They are being reported here as new records for Andhra Pradesh State.  Descriptions, illustrations, and important notes are provided for all the species.
Further studies on two species of the moth genus Paralebeda Aurivillius (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea: Lasiocampidae) from northwestern India
Authors: Kaleka Amritpal Singh , Singh Devinder , Saini Sujata
Published: September 2019

The known Indian species of the moth genus Paralebeda Aurivillius namely femorata (Menetries) and the type species plagifera (Walker) have been taxonomically treated.  The external morphological characters particularly species specific features such as wing venation and genitalic characters have been studied and illustrated.  The genus diagnosis has been updated and a key has also been formulated.
The genus Grewia (Malvaceae: Grewioideae) in Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India with a conservation note on the endemic G. indandamanica
Authors: Kishor K.C. , Nandikar Mayur D.
Published: September 2019

The genus Grewia in Andaman & Nicobar Islands is reviewed with its identification key, descriptions, distribution and photographs.  This article provides correct taxonomic identity of G. laevigata and G. multiflora with comprehensive morphology and conservation assessment for the endemic G. indandamanica.
Australasian sequestrate Fungi 20: Russula scarlatina (Agaricomycetes: Russulales: Russulaceae), a new species from dry grassy woodlands of southeastern Australia
Authors: Elliott Todd F. , Trappe James M.
Published: September 2019

Russula scarlatina sp. nov. is a common sequestrate fungus found in the dry sclerophyll Eucalyptus woodlands of southeastern Australia.  Basidiomata are hypogeous or sometimes emergent; they are scarlet in youth and become dark sordid red or brown with advanced age.  Historically, this species would have been placed in the genus Gymnomyces, but in light of recent revisions in the taxonomy of sequestrate Russulaceae, we place it in the genus Russula.  It is morphologically distinct from other sequestrate species of Russula because of its scarlet peridium and unusual cystidial turf in youth.  It has been collected only in dry grassy woodlands and open forest habitats of southeastern Australia.