bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Average Daily Temperature Effects on Paclobutrazol Efficacy of Four Floriculture Crops
Authors: Getter Kristin L.
Published: December 2018

The effects of paclobutrazol (PBZ), a plant growth retardant, and average daily temperature (ADT) on geranium (Pelargonium ×hortorum), petunia (Petunia ×hybrida), marigold (Tagetes erecta), and pineapple mint (Mentha suaveolens) were quantified. Treatments consisted of four PBZ spray concentrations (0, 15, 30, or 45 ppm) and three ADTs (constant day and night greenhouse temperatures set to 16, 22, or 28 °C). The effectiveness of PBZ was dependent on species. Greenhouse ADT was significant for all species for both growth index (GI) and dry weight (DW). Whether the GI or DW was impacted by the interaction between ADT and PBZ levels were also species dependent. As ADT increased, the trialed levels of PBZ were less effective. Three species (all but petunia) had a significant ADT and PBZ interaction for DW. The 0 ppm PBZ treatment for geranium exhibited a larger DW at 28 °C compared with 16 °C, whereas the 30 and 45 ppm PBZ treatments each had smaller DWs at 28 °C than at 16 °C. However, marigold and pineapple mint generally had larger DWs at higher ADTs than lower ADTs within a PBZ treatment.
Juneberry Cultivar Evaluation in North Dakota
Authors: Ardayfio Naa Korkoi , Hatterman-Valenti Harlene
Published: December 2018

A juneberry (Amelanchier alnifolia) cultivar trial was conducted to evaluate fruit yield, quality, and other characteristics for juneberry cultivars and a native biotype. One-year old micropropagated material was transplanted and established in North Dakota in 2004. The native biotype is available as a conservation plant from Towner State Nursery (Towner, ND) and was included as a readily available juneberry for producers. Fruit diameter, soluble solids content, yield (total and marketable), and plant size measurements were taken during the 2010 and 2011 season. ‘Martin’, the native biotype, ‘Parkhill’, ‘Pembina’, ‘Regent’, and ‘Thiessen’ produced the highest total yield in 2010, whereas ‘Parkhill’ had the highest total yield in 2011, followed by ‘Thiessen’ and then ‘Martin’. Cultivars Martin, Parkhill, and Thiessen produced the highest marketable yield over the 2-year study. ‘Martin’ and ‘Thiessen’ fruit were larger and heavier than the rest of the cultivars. The largest plants were ‘Martin’, ‘Parkhill’, ‘Regent’, and ‘Thiessen’. Soluble solids concentrations were similar among all cultivars. Cultivars Martin or Thiessen should be recommended to commercial producers wanting a high yielding cultivar with uniform fruit ripening, whereas Parkhill should be recommended to producers with a you-pick operation wanting a high yielding cultivar with an extended fruit ripening period.
Plastic Mulches for the Production of Vegetable Crops
Authors: Lament William James
Published: December 2018

The development of polyethylene as a plastic film in 1938 and its subsequent introduction as a plastic mulch in the early 1950s revolutionized the commercial production of selected vegetable crops. Throughout the succeeding years, research, extension, and industry personnel, together with growers, have documented the advantages of using plastic mulch as one component of a complete intensive vegetable production system. Although a variety of vegetables can be grown successfully using plastic mulches, muskmelons, honeydews, watermelons, squash, cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, okra, sweet corn, and cole crops have shown significant increases in earliness, total yield, and quality. Research continues on field evaluation of new formulations of degradable, wavelength-selective, and colored plastic mulches and on cropping systems to use best these specific improvements. The use of plastic mulches for the production of vegetable crops continues to increase throughout the United States and the world.
Use of Hydrophylic Polymers in Horticulture
Authors: Orzolek M.D.
Published: December 2018

Hydrophylic polymers are synthetic, water-absorbing monomers of high molecular weight. They have been used as absorbents in the diaper industry for the past 30 years. Polymers differ from each other in the specific monomer building block, amount of water absorbed per gram of material, particle size and distribution, response to salinity, and cost. While there are only four different monomers used in the production of polymers, there are several dozen polymers available commercially under different trade names. Benefits derived from polymer application to soil or artificial medium include: increase in water-holding capacity, increase in pore size/number, increase in soil nutrient reserves, and reduction in soil compaction. Initial use of polymers was reported in greenhouse production in the late 1970s, but is now used in the production of fruits, vegetables, and turf. Development of application equipment has the potential to expand the use of polymers to large commercial growers.
The Use of Fogging and Phototron Units to Acclimatize in Vitro-derived Apple Shoots
Authors: Skirvin R.M. , Sriskandarajah S.
Published: December 2018

Acclimatization and growth of in vitro-derived apple shoots of two apple scion apple cultivars were compared under fogged conditions in a greenhouse and in a commercial growth cabinet (Phototron). Plant survival rates of microcuttings of `Royal Gala' and `Jonagold' were significantly better when maintained in the Phototron units than when grown in a greenhouse under fog. The number and length of roots on microcuttings was significantly higher in the Phototron than under fog. In the present study, we demonstrated that the Phototron environment was better than a fogged greenhouse for establishing apple shoots ex vitro. However, the Phototron units are so small that they hold no more than 100 to 120 plants at a time. Therefore, the units will be of most value to growers or individuals in laboratories who do not have a constant need for acclimatization facilities. Growers who acclimatize many plants should continue to use fogging or misting facilities.
Predicting Firmness of `York Imperial' Apples after Long-term Storage
Authors: Evensen Kathleen , Hammer Philip , Crassweller Robert , Greene George , Lehman-Salada Laura
Published: December 2018

We present a method for predicting firmness of `York Imperial' apples after air or controlled-atmosphere storage. Firmness and soluble solids content in freshly harvested fruit can be plotted on a graph showing a “decision line.” If the prestorage firmness and soluble solids coordinates for a given sample are above the decision line, then firmness after storage is predicted to be greater than the target value. Prestorage flesh firmness and soluble solids content were the best predictors of poststorage firmness. There was no significant improvement in firmness prediction when ethylene, starch, or other indicators of maturity were included.
Grapevines to Hydrogen Cyanamide
Authors: Dokoozlian N.K. , Ebisuda N.C. , Neja R.A.
Published: December 2018

The effects of surfactants on the efficacy of hydrogen cyanamide (H2CN2) applied to `Perlette' grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in the Coachella Valley of California were examined in 1994 and 1995. Vines were pruned in mid-December in both years and treatments applied at 1000 L·ha-1 the following day to dormant spurs and cordons using a hand-held spray wand. In 1994, H2CN2 was applied at 0.5%, 1%, or 2% by volume in combination with 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, or 3% by volume of the amine-based surfactant Armobreak. In 1995, H2CN2 was applied at 0.5%, 1%, or 2% by volume in combination with Armobreak at 0% or 2% by volume. In 1994, budbreak rate was highly dependent upon H2CN2 concentration when 0% to 1% Armobreak was used; budbreak was generally most rapid for vines treated with 2% H2CN2 and slowest for vines treated with 0.5% H2CN2. When 2% or 3% Armobreak was used, however, little effect of H2CN2 concentration was observed. Results were similar in 1995, but the budbreak of vines treated with 2% H2CN2 + 2% Armobreak lagged behind that of vines treated with 1% H2CN2 + 2% Armobreak. The number of days after treatment required for 70% bud-break generally declined as the concentrations of H2CN2 and Armobreak were increased. A separate experiment conducted in 1995 revealed that several surfactants varying in chemical composition, Armobreak, Activator 90 and Agridex, had similar effects on H2CN2 efficacy. The results indicate that the addition of surfactants to H2CN2 solutions can significantly reduce the amount of active ingredient necessary for maximum efficacy on grapevines. Chemical names used: hydroxypolyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ethyl alkylamine (Armobreak); alkyl polyoxyethylene ether (Activator 90); paraffin petroleum oil (Agridex).
Seed Lines, Population Density, and Root Size at Harvest Affect Quality and Yield of Cut-and-peel Baby Carrots
Authors: Lazcano Carlos A. , Dainello Frank J. , Pike Leonard M. , Miller Marvin E. , Brandenberger Lynn , Baker Larry R.
Published: December 2018

Carrot (Daucus carota Mill. cv. Caropak) was studied under four population densities, and three numbers of seed lines per bed, and was harvested under three root size harvest parameters. Four phases (cutting, grading, peeling, and marketable yield) in the cut-and-peel baby carrot process were evaluated. Root length was most desirable when plots were harvested when 25% to 35% of the roots measured >2 cm in diameter. Roots were longest (14.7 cm) in the treatments containing six seed lines per bed. The harvest criteria of 25% to 35% root diameter >2 cm also produced the highest fresh mass (48.1 t·ha-1), and the highest cut and graded mass (37.7 and 32.3 t·ha-1, respectively). A population density of 321 plants/m2 produced the highest fresh and cut mass. Percent cut waste (21.6% crowns and tips) was not affected by root size at harvest, but percent graded waste was lowest (14.2%) when plants were harvested at the greatest root size. Four seed lines per bed produced the highest graded (18.4%), and total waste (61.2%), but not cut waste. The lowest total waste, estimated at 59.7% and the highest projected marketable yield (19.4 t·ha-1) occurred when roots were harvested using the 25% to 35% root diameter >2-cm parameter. Total waste and marketable yield were obtained using a fixed waste value of 40% in the peeling phase (peeling, polishing, and grading before packing). This percentage could vary depending on the equipment specifications and quality control of a given processing facility. Root size at harvest proved to be the main factor affecting projected marketable yield of cut-and-peel baby carrots at the population densities used in this study.
Evaluation of Oriental Trellis Cucumbers for Production in North Carolina
Authors: Shetty Nischit V. , Wehner Todd C.
Published: December 2018

Eighteen cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivars (15 oriental trellis and three standard American slicers) were grown on trellis and flat-bed production systems during the spring and summer seasons of 1995. Vine, flower, fruit quality, keeping ability, and yield traits were measured. Vine length, incidence of powdery mildew, fruit shape, fruit quality, fruit firmness, yield of Fancy plus No. 1 grade slicer fruits, marketable yield, and percentage of culled fruits were all higher when cultivars were grown on trellis support. Anthracnose damage, fruit length, fruit diameter, average fruit mass, fruit color, overall impression, fruit shriveling, seedcell size, branch number, percentage of staminate nodes, and total yield were not significantly affected by production system. The best cultivars for marketable yield (mass of Fancy, No. 1 and 2 grade slicers) were `Summer Top', `Tasty Bright', and `Sprint 440' on trellis support and `Sprint 440' and `Poinsett 76' on flat bed. The cultivars with the best fruit quality were `Tasty Bright', `Summer Top', and `Sprint 440' on trellis and `Poinsett 76', `Sprint 440', and `Tasty Bright' on flat bed. The best cultivars overall on the trellis production system were `Sprint 440', `Summer Top', `Tasty Bright', and `89-211', and the worst were `Sky Horse', `Hongzhou Green 55', and `Fengyan'. The best cultivars overall on the flat bed were `Poinsett 76', `Sprint 440', and `89-211', while the worst cultivars were `Sky Horse' and `Hongzhou Green 55'.
Heat Treatment Affects Postharvest Quality of Kale and Collard, but not of Brussels Sprouts
Authors: Wang Chien Y.
Published: December 2018

Mature leaves of kale (Brassica oleracea L., Alboglabra group) and collard (Brassica oleracea L., Acephala group), and Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea L., Gemmifera group) were heated by moist air at 40, 45, 50, or 55 °C for durations of 0, 30, 60, or 90 minutes. Heating of kale at 45 °C for 30 minutes was effective in maintaining better postharvest quality, delaying yellowing, and reducing losses of sugars and organic acids during subsequent storage at 15 °C. Exposure of collard at 40 °C for 60 minutes also delayed yellowing and maintained turgidity of the leaves. Other treatments were either less beneficial, not effective, or caused injury. Heat injury occurred when temperature and duration exceeded the tolerance levels. In some cases, heat-injured tissues remained green but developed fungal infection. Heat treatments had no measurable effects on the rate of senescence or storage quality of Brussels sprouts.
University of California Cooperative Extension Processing Tomato Cultivar Evaluation Program
Authors: Murray Mike , Cahn Mike , Caprile Janet , May Don , Miyao Gene , Mullen Bob , Valencia Jesus , Weir Bill
Published: December 2018

University of California Cooperative Extension farm advisors have conducted applied research to quantify processing tomato [Lycopersicum esculentum (L.) Mill] varietal performance, as a coordinated activity, since 1973. Early and midseason maturity varieties are annually evaluated at four to six locations throughout the state. The test varieties are selected in collaboration with seed companies, processors and growers. The growers and seed companies provide financial support for the tests. Most tests are conducted in production tomato fields and are harvested using commercial harvesters. The results are widely disseminated through an annual report to the funding sources, farm advisor research reports, newsletters, production meetings, the California Tomato Grower magazine, and popular media. The information obtained for fruit yield potential, fruit quality and plant horticultural characteristics is used by processors, growers, and seed companies to make variety selection decisions. This regional extension program has proven to be an effective way to generate well-designed replicated information for making intelligent processing tomato cultivar decisions and has been well accepted by the California industry.
Fertilizer Substitutions in Hydroponically Grown Greenhouse Tomatoes
Authors: Papadopoulos A.P. , Pararajasingham S. , Hao X.
Published: December 2018

Experiments were carried out to evaluate two salts, K2SO4 and NaCl, as materials to supplement the electrical conductivity (EC) of the basic nutrient solution in nutrient film technique (NFT). The effects of these materials on the growth, yield and fruit quality of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown by NFT were quantified. These effects were tested by increasing the recirculating solution EC from a base value of 1500 μS·cm-1 to that suitable for the crop growth stage with normal feed (macronutrients), 0.38 m (0.53 lb/gal) K2SO4 or 1.14 m (0.55 lb/gal) NaCl, at a common pH of 6.2. In 1995 and 1996, there were no significant effects of the treatments on crop growth. In 1995, the early marketable yield was significantly lower when K2SO4 was used but the yield at the end of the season did not differ among the treatments. Furthermore, with K2SO4, the proportion of grade #1 fruit in early total yield was lower than in the control, while, fruit biomass content was higher than in the NaCl treatment. In 1996, the cumulative marketable fruit weight was unaffected by the treatments. A trend toward high number of large grade fruit occurred with the NaCl treatment. The pH and EC of the fruit homogenate were favorably affected by the NaCl treatment. Adding K2SO4 or NaCl in partial substitution of macronutrients in the recirculating solution may have a role in NFT systems in not only reducing environmental pollution (from nitrates and phosphates) and fertilizer costs, but also in improving fruit quality and, therefore, profit margins.
Resistance in Twenty-two Cultivars of Spathiphyllum to Cylindrocladium Root Rot
Authors: Norman D.J. , Yuen J.M.F. , Henny R.J.
Published: December 2018

Twenty-two spathiphyllum cultivars were evaluated for resistance to Cylindrocladium root rot (CRR). Four isolates of the fungus Cylindrocladium spathiphylli Shoult., El-Gholl & Alf. were selected from two different locations each in Florida and Hawaii. Spores of isolates were applied as a soil drench in replicated experiments using a randomized complete block design. The most severe symptoms were those produced by C. spathiphylli isolates from Hawaii. None of the spathiphyllum cultivars tested were highly resistant to CRR although resistance among the cultivars was observed. The cultivars Chris and Textura were the most promising cultivars, having fairly uniform resistance to the four isolates of C. spathiphylli. The cultivars Cupido, Daniel, Frederik, Jetty, and Vanessa were moderately resistant when combined data from all tests were analyzed. Results from this research permit the selection of more resistant breeding lines and also creates a baseline against which resistance of newly developed cultivars can be compared.
Characterizing Wine Grape Production and Producers in Pennsylvania: Results of a Recent Survey
Authors: Goulart Barbara L. , Demchak Kathleen
Published: December 2018

While the Pennsylvania wine industry was established early in the history of the European settlement in the state, the current industry was spawned relatively recently by virtue of the Pennsylvania Winery Act in 1968. The industry is widely distributed, with wineries and wine grape production throughout the state, however the primary center of production is in southeastern Pennsylvania, where climatic conditions allow for the production of some of the hardier European wine grapes. A second, much smaller cluster of production is along Lake Erie, within the zone of more temperate weather induced by the lake. A third region is scattered throughout the harsher environments of the rest of the state. These regions are characterized not only by climatic differences, but by differences in producer demographics, clientele, pest complexes, cultivar preferences and obstacles to production. The industry is built primarily on French-American hybrid production, however European grapes are being produced, are in demand, and as such, are commanding relatively high prices.
Shiitake Mushroom Growth on the Formulated Culture Media, Production of Spawn, and Basidiocarps in the Laboratory
Authors: Pacumbaba R.P. , Pacumbaba R.O.
Published: December 2018

Culture media YMMBSA (yeast extract, malt extract, multigrain oatmeal, brown sugar, agar), YVMBSA (yeast extract, V-8 vegetable juice, multigrain oatmeal, brown sugar, agar), and YVMSA (yeast extract, V-8 vegetable juice, multigrain oatmeal, sucrose, agar) and broths YVMBS (yeast extract, V-8 vegetable juice, multigrain oatmeal, brown sugar), YVMS (yeast extract, V-8 vegetable juice, sucrose), and MVBS (multigrain oatmeal V-8 vegetable juice brown sugar) were formulated and demonstrated to be excellent media and broths for growing shiitake mushrooms [Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler] in the laboratory. When a portion of the unopened basidiocarp or mushroom fruit (cap or stipe) was isolated on PSA (potato sucrose agar) medium and transferred to the formulated culture media, the mycelia significantly ramified to flocculent (wooly or fluffy) growth texture within 20 days. For the first time, shiitake mushroom basidiocarps have been induced on the formulated plated media within 20 to 35 days. In tissue culture vessels, mycelia grew well on substrates composed of maple, oak, maple + oak, maple + vermiculite, and oak + vermiculite which had been amended with the broths YVMBS, YVMS or MVBS, attaining spawn texture in 25 to 30 days. Shiitake basidiocarps appeared on the tissue vessels, Magenta GA-7, in 2.6 to 4.1 months. Shiitake mushroom strains, LE1, LE2, LE6, LE7, and LE8, attained flocculent mycelia on the formulated culture media YMMBSA, YVMBSA, and YVMSA in 20 days. Growing the same shiitake strains in the bigger tissue culture vessels, P4928, containing hardwood sawdust amended with broth YVMBS or YVMS or MVBS resulted in significantly larger volume of mycelia growth and spawn texture was attained in 35 to 45 days. Shiitake basidiocarp initials or pins were induced on the spawn blocks in 3 to 5 days after the blocks were squeezed off from the sides of the tissue culture vessels. These results are the first that the formulated culture media considerably enhanced the growing of shiitake mushroom mycelia, production of spawn, and basidiocarps in less time (2.6 to 4.1 months after inoculation) in the laboratory. Basidiocarp productions of shiitake mushroom on amended hardwood sawdust may have an excellent economic potential commercially. It takes 1 to 2 years for basidiocarps to appear in shiitake spawn inoculated logs.
Propazine Has Little Effect on Growth of Several Containerized Woody Plant Species
Authors: Cole Janet C.
Published: December 2018

Woody plant species were treated in 1995 and 1996 with 0, 1, 2, or 4 lb/acre (0, 1.1, 2.3, or 4.5 kg·ha-1) propazine (a.i.). Species studied in 1995 included rose-of-sharon (Hibiscus syriacus L. `Double Purple'), japanese boxwood (Buxus microphylla Sieb. & Zucc. `Green Mountain'), butterfly bush (Buddleia davidii var. Veitchiana Rehd. `Nanho Purple'), euonymus (Euonymus fortunei var. acutis Hand-Mazz. `Emerald n'Gold'), forsythia (Forsythia ×intermedia Zab. `Lynnwood Gold'), fire thorn (Pyracantha angustifolia Roem. `Gnome'), and japanese spiraea (Spiraea japonica L.f. `Goldflame'). Crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica L. `Acoma' and `Zuni') and juniper (Juniperus chinensis L. `Pfitzeriana') were added and euonymus and japanese spiraea were omitted in 1996. In both years, statistical analyses revealed differences in height and visual quality between plants exposed to propazine and control plants of some species; however, differences were inconsistent in that some plants treated with propazine were larger or rated better than control plants while other plants were smaller or of lower quality than their corresponding control plants. In all cases, differences among propazine treatments within each species were <1.2 inches (3 cm) in height while decreases in visual quality compared to control plants were most evident in plants receiving four times the recommended rate of propazine. The horticultural significance of these differences was, therefore, considered small, suggesting that all of the species tested are tolerant to propazine applied at the recommended rate of 1 lb/acre (1.1 kg·ha-1). Chemical names used: 6-chloro-N,N'-bis(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (propazine).
Effects of Seed Treatments and Planting Depth on Emergence of Sea Buckthorn Species
Authors: Li Thomas S.C. , Wardle Douglas A.
Published: December 2018

The influence of seed treatments and planting depth on the percentage of seed emergence of Hippophae rhamnoides L. `Indian-Summer', H. tibetana Schlecht., H. neurocarpa Liu & He, H. salicifolia D. Don, and H. rhamnoides subsp. rhamnoides, sinensis, turkestanica, and mongolica were studied. Surface seeding had higher percentages of seed emergence and more rapid completion of emergence compared to a 1- or 2-cm (0.4- or 0.8-inch) seeding depth. Seeds soaked in water or potassium nitrate solution at room temperature emerged in higher percentages. Average plant height of the eight species and subspecies varied significantly at the end of first growing season.
Reducing Bell Pepper Bruising during Postharvest Handling
Authors: Marshall Dale E. , Brook Roger C.
Published: December 2018

The tender skin of bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) covers a crisp, fragile flesh that is easily bruised, cracked or crushed. During commercial harvest and postharvest handling operations, bell peppers undergo several transfers, each of which has the potential for causing mechanical injury to the peppers. These mechanical injuries include abrasions, cuts, punctures, and bruises, which affect the market grade and reduce pepper quality and subsequent life. Previous research on handling fresh vegetables and fruits has shown that the instrumented sphere (IS) is a tool that can help identify potentially damaging impacts during harvest and postharvest handling operations. For the study reported, the IS was used to evaluate the damage potential for peppers being hand harvested, and for peppers on a packing line. Studies in the field attempted to duplicate how pickers harvest peppers into pails and then empty them into empty wooden pallet bins. For the packing line evaluated, the diverging roll-sizer had the greatest potential for damage. Adding cushioning to hard surfaces and removing the metal support from under the cross-conveyor would help to reduce pepper damage. Cushioned ramps, and hanging flaps or curtains should be used to help reduce acceleration and drop height between pieces of equipment. All locations should be cushioned where peppers impact a hard surface, and drop height should be limited to 3 inches (8 cm) on a hard surface and 8 inches (20 cm) on a cushioned surface. The speed of all components in the system should be checked and adjusted to achieve full line flow of peppers without causing bruising. Workers must receive instruction on the significance of bruising during the harvest and postharvest operations.
Challenging the Pedagogy of Tertiary Level Horticulture
Authors: MacKay Bruce R. , MacKay Marion B. , Funnell Keith A. , Welsh T. Eddie , Emerson Lisa
Published: December 2018

Major reform of the undergraduate degree program in the Faculty of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences at Massey University has resulted in greater emphasis being placed on developing attributes of lifelong learning in our students. Translating this particular goal into transparent educational practice in the horticulture courses required us to overturn the existing teaching paradigm. The traditional content-focused, principles first, integration second strategy of the existing horticulture curriculum was replaced at the 100 level by a new course that melded the discipline of horticulture with attributes needed for lifelong learning. Using action learning strategies, principles of horticulture were presented in context, with students encouraged to apply and analyze them in the wholeness of the discipline. Students critically reflected on their experiences through writing-to-learn exercises, class or group discussion, oral presentations, and experientially through their laboratories. By incorporating our students' experiences with these strategies, we successfully achieved our goal of the students' learning and relating theprinciples of horticulture to the whole discipline. Although the students understood our goals in engaging them in writing-to-learn and group activities, they did not appear to recognize the educational processes in which they participated throughout the course. It seems that in forming the foundation for lifelong learning in applied science, greater attention must be given to making our mental models of the education process more transparent to the students.
The Roles of the University of Tennessee Gardens in a Public Horticulture Teaching Program
Authors: Hamilton Susan L.
Published: December 2018

The University of Tennessee's undergraduate and graduate public horticulture concentrations are new programs designed to prepare individuals for careers in public horticulture that emphasize people and their education and enjoyment of plants. These new programs could not exist without the educational resources of the university's gardens. The gardens play a variety of roles in supporting faculty, undergraduate, and graduate students in these programs. The gardens serve as an outdoor laboratory and classroom and provide on-campus opportunities for the following teaching and learning activities: plant identification; plant photography; garden design; plant use; garden maintenance internships; special problem topics (e.g., production of annual variety trials, planting and labeling trials, writing garden literature, and creating interpretive displays); mapping and cataloging plants; and garden writing. Only through a university-based garden could opportunities to engage students in such meaningful learning experiences occur providing them with the competitive edge for entering the public horticulture field.
Anther Culture of Potato and Molecular Analysis of Anther-derived Plants as Laboratory Exercises for Plant Breeding Courses
Authors: Veilleux Richard E.
Published: December 2018

Anther culture has been one of the most successful techniques for generating haploid plants over a wide range of species. It is a reasonably simple procedure that can be accomplished successfully without sophisticated laboratory facilities; yet, the plants generated through anther culture can be used to demonstrate the application of many modern methods that have direct applicability to plant breeding. Anthers of diploid potato clones that have been selected for competence in anther culture can be cultured in a simple medium to yield androgenic embryos after 5 weeks. Plant regeneration requires an additional 3 to 4 weeks. Regenerated plants should be large enough 2 weeks after transfer to basal medium for ploidy determination by any of three methods depending on available facilities: chromosome counts in root tips; chloroplast counts in stomatal guard cells; or flow cytometry of nuclei released from in vitro plantlets. DNA can be extracted from anther-derived plantlets using a rapid extraction procedure to demonstrate segregation of PCR (polymerase chain reaction)-based markers such as RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA), RAMPs (randomly amplified microsatellite polymorphisms), or microsatellites. Microsatellite markers that were heterozygous in the anther donor can be used to verify haploidy in anther-derived plants. If an anther culture laboratory is scheduled early in a semester, such molecular analysis can be planned for late in the same semester.
Nutrient use patterns in woody perennials: implications for increasing fertilizer efficiency in field-grown and landscape ornamentals
Authors: Rose Mary Ann
Published: December 2018

Timing nutrient application to periods of high nutrient demand could increase nutrient use efficiency and reduce the potential for fertilizer leaching or runoff. However, current recommendations for field nursery and landscape ornamentals (extension publications) suggest fertilizing in late fall and early spring despite research with perennial fruit crops that demonstrates low uptake potential during those times. Research is needed to resolve this apparent conflict. Application rates for woody ornamentals, established in the 1960s and 1970s, also need reexamination in the light of environmental concerns.
Comparison of Resistant Cultivars for Management of Bacterial Spot in Peppers
Authors: Rowell Brent , Jones R. Terry , Nesmith William , Snyder John C.
Published: December 2018

Bacterial spot epidemics, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Doidge) Dye, continue to plague bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) growers in a number of southern and midwestern states. A 3-year study designed to compare cultivars and breeding lines under induced bacterial spot epidemic and bacterial spot-free conditions began soon after the first release of cultivars having the Bs2 gene for resistance to races 1 to 3 of the pathogen. Bacterial spot epidemics were created by transplanting `Merlin' plants (inoculated with races 1 to 3) into plots of each test cultivar at an isolated location in eastern Kentucky. Plots of the same trial entries at a second location were kept free of bacterial spot for 2 of the 3 years of trials; however, a moderate natural epidemic occurred at this location in 1996. Bacterial spot resistance had the greatest impact on yields and returns per acre in the inoculated trials. Cultivars with only Bs1 or a combination of Bs1 and Bs3 were highly susceptible in the inoculated trials. There were statistically significant and economically important differences in resistance among cultivars and breeding lines having the Bs2 gene; some were nearly as susceptible as susceptible checks. Although many Bs2-gene cultivars showed satisfactory levels of resistance, only a few were highly resistant, horticulturally acceptable, and comparable in yields to the best susceptible hybrids in a bacterial spot-free environment.
Whole, Unmilled Olives Can Be Used to Determine their Oil Content by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: del Río Carmen , Romero Ana M
Published: December 2018

Several experiments showed that whole, unmilled olives (Olea europaea L.) could be dehydrated in 42 hours in a forced-air oven at 105 °C (221 °F), so that they could be used in determining their oil content in a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyzer. After confirming that the NMR and the official Soxhlet methods estimate the same oil percentages in milled olives, linear regression analysis also showed that NMR provides the same oil percentage results with milled and unmilled fruit. This new method avoids sample manipulation before dehydrating the fruit, making it possible to work with olive samples weighing as little as 70 g (2.47 oz). It allows for processing a large number of samples in a short period of time and may be also used with unmilled fruit flesh. The method is also very useful for screening genotypes, either from germplasm banks or progenies from olive breeding programs, and for evaluating cultivars in comparative trials.
Modeling and control of an active knee orthosis using a computational model of the musculoskeletal system
Authors: Mosconi Denis , Nunes Polyana Ferreira , Siqueira Adriano Almeida Gonçalves
Published: December 2018

One-third of the stroke survivors remain with some disability, needing assistance to perform the activities of daily life and therapy to recover the lost functions.  The robotic rehabilitation is a promissed field in this context improving the effectiveness of the treatment. Many researches have focused on developing human-robot interaction control to ensure user safety and therapy efficiency, but the validation of these controllers often requires contact between humans and robots, which involves cost, time and risk of accidents. This work aims to present a computational model of an ideal active orthosis used to assist the knee movement as a tool for test and validate human-robot interaction controls. Three controllers were applied to make the orthosis move the knee tracking the desired trajectory: a PID controller, an Inverse Dynamics-Based controller, and a Feedback-Feedforward Controller. The model proved to be useful and the controller with the best performance was the Feedback-Feedforward one.
Zenlens scleral lenses for visual rehabilitation of patients with irregular cornea: a usage experience
Authors: Alyaeva O. O. , Ryabenko O. I. , Tananakina E. M. , Yushkova I. S.
Published: December 2018

Scleral lenses improve visual acuity in patients with irregular corneal astigmatism, which is especially important when other methods of correction are ineffective.

Purpose: to assess the efficiency of Zenlens scleral lenses in patients with irregular cornea.

Material and methods. A total of 120 patients (164 eyes) were examined, including 86 males and 34 females, aged from 13 to 63 years (mean age 35 ± 12 years). The patients were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 consisted of patients with keratoconus, group 2 — postpenetrating keratoplasty, group 3 — keratoconus after cross-linking and/or corneal ring segment implantation, while group 4 consisted of patients with other diseases. The efficiency criteria included visual acuity before and after scleral lens fitting and wearing time (hours per day). To determine social significance of scleral lens wearing, we selected 30 patients (46 eyes) with average best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before fitting 0.21 ± 0.08 (0.1–0.3).

Results. Average uncorrected visual acuity before fitting did not exceed 0.2 and average visual acuity after fitting was 0.8 ± 0.15. Average improvement in visual acuity after fitting compared to uncorrected visual acuity was at least six lines in all groups and average improvement of visual acuity was approximately three lines compared to BCVA before fitting. 74.4 % and 19.5 % of patients demonstrated long-term (> 10 hours per day) and partial (8–10 hours per day) wear, respectively. Short-term wear (< 8 hours per day) was noted in 6.1 % of patients. Visual acuity of  patients with low BCVA (mean 0.21 ± 0.08) increased by 0.57 (271.4 %).

Conclusion. Scleral lenses can be successfully used for visual acuity improvement and social rehabilitation of patients with irregular cornea when other methods of correction are ineffective.
Zihinsel Yetersizliği Olan Çocuklar İçin Hibrit Okuma-Yazma Öğretim Yöntemi
Authors: AKÇİN F. Nur
Published: December 2018

Ülkemizde zihinsel yetersizliği olan çocuklar için özel bir okuma-yazma öğretim yöntemi bulunmaması nedeniyle normal gelişim gösteren çocuklar için kullanılan yöntemler çoğu zaman aynen, bazen de uyarlamalar yapılarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu yöntemler, zihinsel yetersizliği hafif derecede olan çocuklarda öğretimsel uyarlamalarla başarılı şekilde uygulanabilirken, orta ve ağır derecede olan çocuklarda görülen bilişsel ve öğrenme özelliklerinden dolayı aynı başarı sağlanamamaktadır. Zihinsel yetersizliği ağır derecede olan çocuklar için hedef, işlevsel okuma ile sınırlı olmasına karşın, orta derecede olan çocuklar için akademik okur-yazarlığa ulaşmaktır. Hibrit okuma-yazma öğretim yöntemi, zihinsel yetersizliği olan çocuklara okuma-yazma öğretimi alanındaki bilimsel araştırma sonuçlarının taranması ve derlenmesi ile oluşturulmuştur. Bu yöntem, görsel sözcük öğretimi, harf bilgisi öğretimi, tek heceli sözcükleri okuma öğretimi, çok heceli sözcükleri okuma öğretimi olmak üzere hiyerarşik aşamalardan oluşur. Yöntemin uygulanması sırasında görsel sözcük okuma stratejisi, analitik fonik strateji ve benzetme stratejisi olmak üzere üç farklı stratejinin birlikte kullanılması nedeniyle hibrit/karma bir öğretim yöntemi olma özelliği gösterir.
Karadeniz Bölgesi Meyveciliğinin Mevcut Durumu ve Potansiyeli
Authors: Öztürk Ahmet , Serttaş Sevgi
Published: December 2018

Türkiye’de toplam tarım alanı bakımından 4. sırada yer alan Karadeniz Bölgesi meyve üretim alanlarıbakımından Ege Bölgesi’nden sonra ikinci sırada yer almaktadır. Karadeniz Bölgesi, 6.811.396 da’lık meyveüretim alanında (%20.8) yaklaşık 20 milyon ton olan Türkiye toplam meyve üretiminin %10.7’sini (2.138.700 ton)karşılamaktadır. Bölgede meyve üretimi yaygın olarak ev bahçeleri, karışık meyve bahçeleri ve kapama bahçelerşeklinde yapılmaktadır. Türkiye çay üretiminin tamamı (%100.0), fındık üretiminin ise büyük kısmı (%66.4)Karadeniz Bölgesi’nden karşılanmaktadır. Bu ürünlerin yanında kızılcık, kivi, muşmula, kestane, ceviz, dut,hünnap, armut, Trabzon hurması ve kiraz bölgede üretim miktarı fazla olan diğer meyve türleridir. Bölgede 2010-2016 yıllarında üretim alanı ve miktarı en fazla azalan meyve türleri kızılcık (%-81.8) ve kayısı (%-46.6) olurkenen fazla artış ceviz (%63.6) ve Trabzon hurması’nda (%29.98) olmuştur. En fazla meyve üretim alanı Ordu (%31.6)ve Giresun (%16.6) illerinde, en fazla üretim ise Rize (%40.8) ve Trabzon (%16.5) illerinde gerçekleşmiştir.Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde çay’dan sonra sert kabuklu meyveler hem üretim alanı hem de üretim miktarı bakımındanen yüksek paya sahiptir. Karadeniz Bölgesi’nin meyve üretimindeki mevcut durumu ve potansiyelinin detaylıolarak ele alındığı bu çalışmada incelenen veriler ışığında Karadeniz Bölgesi’nin ülkemiz meyve yetiştiriciliğindeönemli bir potansiyele sahip olduğu görülmektedir.
Investigation of Antioxidant Properties and Bioactive Composition of Allium tuncelianum ((Kollman) Ozhatay, Matthew & Siraneci) and Allium sativum L.
Authors: ŞEHİTOĞLU Müşerref Hilal , YARALI KARAKAN Faika , KIZILKAYA Bayram , ÖZTOPUZ Rahime Özlem , GÜLÇİN İlhami
Published: December 2018

In the present study, the extracts of Allium tuncelianum and Allium sativum L. were evaluatedfor antioxidant capacities, fatty acid, amino acid and phenolic compositions. In order to evaluate the antioxidantcapacity of the extracts, total antioxidant amount, radical scavenging and chelating activities, reducing powerby cupric reducing antioxidant capacity and ferric reduction antioxidant power methods were performed andcompared with reference antioxidants. Quantitative amounts of phenolic compounds were determined by theliquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and high performance liquidchromatography methods were used for the fat / fatty acid and amino acid compositions, respectively. The contentof p-Coumaric acid in Tunceli garlic was found higher compared to the cultuvated garlic. Total antioxidant capacityIC50 values were determined in Tunceli garlic as 72.20 µg ml-1; in cultuvated garlic as 63.80 µg ml-1. In termsof fatty acid compositions, Tunceli garlic (ω-3, 3.92%; ω-6, 46.91%; ω-9, 14.16%) was observed having moreeffective level of essential omega acids compared to the cultuvated garlic (ω-3, 3.20%; ω-6, 50.37%; ω-9, 5.18%).According to essential amino acid contents, the Tunceli garlic was found to be richer than cultuvated garlic. As aresult, due to the high biological activity of Tunceli garlic, it would be more beneficial in diet, in terms of cancerand cardiovascular disease treatment.
Matemática financeira: uma proposta visual de formação continuada
Authors: Campos Marcelo Bergamini
Published: December 2018

Este texto tem por objetivo apresentar e analisar o livro Matemática financeira: uma proposta visual de formação continuada. Nesta obra, Raphael Pereira dos Santos relata uma investigação envolvendo um curso de formação continuada de professores cujo foco esteve voltado ao trabalho com a Matemática Financeira no Ensino Médio. Diante da percepção de lacunas na abordagem da temática em coleções de livros didáticos bem como na formação do professor para trabalhar o assunto de forma contextualizada em sala de aula, o autor sugere abordagens alternativas, demonstrando as vantagens da articulação do tópico com outros conteúdos, da exploração da visualização, do uso de softwares e do emprego do fluxo de caixa. O leitor pode constatar que o tema ainda é abordado de forma incipiente na Educação Básica, apesar da sua relevância diante de tomadas de decisões cotidianas.
Acrocordon, Dermatose Papulosa Nigra e Ceratose Actinica-Relato de caso.
Authors: Salvi Karina
Published: December 2018

As alterações de pele na terceira idade provem do processo de envelhecimento cutâneo e da exposição à radiação ultravioleta. Entre as alterações relacionadas ao envelhecimento propriamente dito estão os: Acrocórdons (AC), pequenas lesões de pele pedunculadas, normocromicas, benignas e assintomáticas, comuns em pescoço, virilha e axilas. E Dermatose Papulosa Nigra (DPN), caracterizada por pequenas lesões verrucosas ou planas, assintomáticas, benignas em áreas foto expostas, como rosto e pescoço. Entre as lesões de pele devido à radiação ultravioleta estão as Ceratoses Actínicas (CA), pequenas lesões, salientes, de coloração acastanhada ou eritematosa localizadas em regiões foto expostas, com potencial de transformação para neoplasia cutânea. Diante disso, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso da de acrocordon, dermatose papulosa nigra e ceratose actinica na terceira idade, cuja importância baseia-se na corroboração do conhecimento do médico clínico, sobre o diagnostico, a evolução e os cuidados dessas alterações de pele na terceira idade.
Injuria Renal Aguda em Paciente com Síndrome Nefrótica: Relato de Caso
Authors: Rangel Stephannie Santos , Mituiassu Alexandre Mitsuo
Published: December 2018

A Síndrome Nefrótica é uma doença do tipo glomerular com etiologias variadas. Apresenta-se com proteinúria, hipoalbuminemia, edema e hipercolesterolemia. A fisiopatologia dessa síndrome ocorre pelo aumento da filtração glomerular de macromoléculas devido a uma alteração na barreira de filtração da parede capilar, podendo ser seletiva ou não seletiva. A doença de lesões mínimas (DLM) é uma etiologia primaria dessa síndrome, se apresenta principalmente na infância, mas pode ser encontrada em todas as faixas etárias. Em alguns casos a DLM pode se associar a injuria renal aguda (IRA), um evento incomum, porém de extrema importância. Quando presente pode estar associado a níveis graves de proteinúria e hipoalbuminemia. Este trabalho relata um caso de síndrome nefrótica que evoluiu com IRA, cujo objetivo é analisar a evolução clínica e discutir o manejo terapêutico deste agravo com embasamento em referências bibliográficas atualizadas.
Geração de energia elétrica por meio do uso do motor Bedini
Authors: Gonçalves Filipi Souza , Castro Rafael Moreira de , Cabral Ricardo De Freitas , Tavares Fernando Cezar Lee
Published: December 2018

Devido às poluições, ao aumento do consumo, dos custos, e da escassez de energia elétrica, o desenvolvimento sustentável vem servindo de estimulo para a criação de novas fontes de energias. Essa pesquisa foi realizada com a finalidade de aprofundar no estudo de um motor/gerador magnético, denominado motor Bedini, para desenvolver uma nova fonte de energia elétrica ecologicamente correta. O objetivo principal foi utilizar o diagrama do carregador de bateria criado por John Bedini, para desenvolver um motor/gerador de energia elétrica, onde poderá ser utilizado principalmente em residências, tratando-se de um motor que converte a energia mecânica em elétrica, e após a adaptação de alguns imãs permanentes à estrutura do motor, ele transformou-se em um dos meios mais práticos de gerar energia limpa. Para o desenvolvimento técnico da pesquisa foram realizadas as seguintes medidas: cálculo de frequência, capacidade de carga e descarga de Baterias e potência. A pesquisa classifica-secomo qualitativa, pois houve o levantamento bibliográfico realizado através de livros, artigos e agências nacionais, e estes auxiliaram no entendimento e na realização do projeto experimental, assim foi possível realizar estudos das diversas formas de montagem dos tipos de motores existentes e suas capacidades. O projeto foi desenvolvido no laboratório de usinagem no campus Barra do Piraí do Centro Universitário Geraldo Di Biase, e ostestes foram realizados no SENAI e no Colégio Batista Americano, onde se utilizou as ferramentas e os materiais necessários para montagem e medições do experimento.