bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blocking HXA3-mediated neutrophil elastase release duringS. pneumoniaelung infection limits pulmonary epithelial barrier disruption and bacteremia
Authors: Xu Shuying , Tan Shumin , Romanos Patricia , Reedy Jennifer L. , Zhang Yihan , Mansour Michael K. , Vyas Jatin M. , Mecsas Joan , Mou Hongmei , Leong John M.
Published: June 2024

Streptococcus pneumoniae(Sp), a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia, can spread from the lung into the bloodstream to cause septicemia and meningitis, with a concomitant three-fold increase in mortality. Limitations in vaccine efficacy and a rise in antimicrobial resistance have spurred searches for host-directed therapies that target pathogenic immune processes. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are essential for infection control but can also promote tissue damage and pathogen spread. The majorSpvirulence factor, pneumolysin (PLY), triggers acute inflammation by stimulating the 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) eicosanoid synthesis pathway in epithelial cells. This pathway is required for systemic spread in a mouse pneumonia model and produces a number of bioactive lipids, including hepoxilin A3 (HXA3), a hydroxy epoxide PMN chemoattractant that has been hypothesized to facilitate breach of mucosal barriers. To understand how 12-LOX-dependent inflammation promotes dissemination duringSplung infection and dissemination, we utilized bronchial stem cell-derived air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures that lack this enzyme to show that HXA3methyl ester (HXA3-ME) is sufficient to promote basolateral-to-apical PMN transmigration, monolayer disruption, and concomitantSpbarrier breach. In contrast, PMN transmigration in response to the non-eicosanoid chemoattractant fMLP did not lead to epithelial disruption or bacterial translocation. Correspondingly, HXA3-ME but not fMLP increased release of neutrophil elastase (NE) fromSp-infected PMNs. Pharmacologic blockade of NE secretion or activity diminished epithelial barrier disruption and bacteremia after pulmonary challenge of mice. Thus, HXA3promotes barrier disrupting PMN transmigration and NE release, pathological events that can be targeted to curtail systemic disease following pneumococcal pneumonia.

Importance

Streptococcus pneumoniae(Sp), a leading cause of pneumonia, can spread from the lung into the bloodstream to cause systemic disease. Limitations in vaccine efficacy and a rise in antimicrobial resistance have spurred searches for host-directed therapies that limit pathologic host immune responses toSp. Excessive polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration intoSp-infected airways promotes systemic disease. Using stem cell-derived respiratory cultures that reflectbona fidelung epithelium, we identified the eicosanoid hepoxilin A3 as a critical pulmonary PMN chemoattractant that is sufficient to drive PMN-mediated epithelial damage by inducing the release of neutrophil elastase. Inhibition of the release or activity of this protease in mice limited epithelial barrier disruption and bacterial dissemination, suggesting a new host-directed treatment forSplung infection.
Realizing Mechanical Frustration at the Nanoscale Using DNA Origami
Authors: Madhvacharyula Anirudh S. , Li Ruixin , Swett Alexander A. , Du Yancheng , Simmel Friedrich C. , Choi Jong Hyun
Published: June 2024

Structural designs inspired by physical and biological systems have been previously utilized to develop advanced mechanical metamaterials. These are based on the clever geometric arrangement of their building blocks, resulting in enhanced mechanical properties such as shape morphing and auxetic behavior. Until now, the benefits from such designs have yet to be leveraged at the nanoscale. Here, we use the DNA origami method to realize a nanoscale metastructure exhibiting mechanical frustration, the mechanical counterpart of the well-known phenomenon of magnetic frustration. We show that this DNA metastructure can be precisely controlled to adopt either frustrated or non-frustrated mechanical states, each characterized by a distinct free energy profile. Switching among the states is achieved by engineering reconfigurable struts into the structure. Actuation of the struts causes a global deformation of the metastructures. In the non-frustrated state, strain can be distributed homogeneously throughout the structure, while in the frustrated state, strain is concentrated at a specific location. Molecular dynamics simulations reconcile the contrasting behaviors of the two modes and provide detailed insights into the mechanics. Our work demonstrates how combining programmable DNA self-assembly with mechanical design principles can overcome engineering limitations encountered at the macroscale, enabling the development of dynamic, deformable nanostructures with tunable responses. These may lay the foundation for mechanical energy storage elements, nanomechanical computation, and allosteric mechanisms in DNA-based nanomachinery.
Peripheral circuits for ideal performance of a traveling-wave parametric amplifier
Authors: Renberg Nilsson Hampus , Shiri Daryoush , Rehammar Robert , Fadavi Roudsari Anita , Delsing Per
Published: June 2024

We investigate the peripheral circuits required to enable ideal performance for a high-gain traveling-wave parametric amplifier (TWPA) based on three-wave mixing . By embedding the TWPA in a network of superconducting diplexers, hybrid couplers, and impedance matching networks, the amplifier can deliver a high stable gain with near-quantum-limited noise performance, with suppressed gain ripples, while eliminating the reflections of the signal, the idler and the pump as well as the transmission of all unwanted tones. We also demonstrate a configuration where the amplifier can isolate. We call this technique (WIF). The theory is supported by simulations that predict over 20 dB gain in the 4–8 GHz band with 10 dB isolation for a single amplifier and 30 dB isolation for two cascaded amplifiers. We demonstrate how the WIF-TWPAs can be used to construct controllable isolators with over 40 dB isolation over the full 4–8 GHz band. Finally, we look at nonidealities and show how certain nonidealities can be devastating for both the gain and the idler filtering, especially a cutoff imbalance or a flux imbalance, and discuss how to compensate for them.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Thermal Hall effect and neutral spinons in a doped Mott insulator
Authors: Song Zhi-Jian , Zhang Jia-Xin , Weng Zheng-Yu
Published: June 2024

In the pseudogap phase of the cuprate, a thermal Hall response of neutral objects has been recently detected experimentally, which continuously persists into the antiferromagnetic insulating phase. In this paper, we study the transport properties of neutral spinons as the elementary excitation of a doped Mott insulator, which is governed by a mutual Chern-Simons topological gauge structure. We show that such a chiral spinon as a composite of an S=1/2 spin sitting at the core of a supercurrent vortex, can contribute to the thermal Hall effect, thermopower, and Hall effect due to its intrinsic transverse (cyclotron) motion under internal fictitious fluxes. In particular, the magnitudes of the transport coefficients are phenomenologically determined by two basic parameters: the doping concentration and Tc, quantitatively consistent with the experimental measurements including the signs and qualitative temperature and magnetic-field dependence. Combined with the predictions of the spinon longitudinal transport properties, including the Nernst and spin Hall effects, a phenomenological description of the pseudogap phase is established as characterized by the neutral spinon excitations, which eventually become “confined” with an intrinsic superconducting transition at Tc. Finally, within this theoretical framework, the “order to order” phase transition between the superconducting and antiferromagnetic insulating phases are briefly discussed, with the thermal Hall monotonically increasing into the latter.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Impediments to building information modelling-enabled construction waste management in Nigeria
Authors: Eze Emmanuel Chidiebere , Sofolahan Onyinye , Uzoma Clementina Nneji , Ameyaw Ernest Effah , Omoboye Olayinka
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Building Information modelling (BIM) has the potential to significantly minimise the quantity of construction waste (CW), but its adoption is low in construction waste management (CWM). This study examined the factors impeding the adoption of BIM in CWM efforts at the design and precontract stages from the perspective of construction stakeholders in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach

The study was informed by a post-positivism philosophical stance, which involved using the structured questionnaire as a quantitative research design tool for data collection via snowball sampling technique. The data garnered from construction experts were analysed using Cronbach’s alpha test, normalities test, Frequency, Percentage, Kendall’s coefficient of concordance and Chi-square tests, Analysis of variance (ANOVA), and exploratory factors analysis (EFA).

Findings

The study concluded that the awareness of BIM potential for CWM is high, but the adoption in waste management (WM) is low. The factor analysis reduced the twenty assessed factors into four key clusters of impediments to BIM adoption in CWM: (1) knowledge and resistance barriers, (2) support and interest barriers, (3) interoperability and experts' factors, and (4) economic barriers. These factors are critical impediments to BIM-enabled CWM at the design and precontract stage, and there was no significant statistical difference in their rating by the construction stakeholders in Nigeria.

Originality/value

Studies on the impediments to BIM adoption in CWM efforts, primarily at the design and pre-contract stages in emerging countries are scarce. This sought to fill this literature gap by establishing the critical impediments that should be overcome to improve BIM use in CWM.
So, you think you are a leader? A qualitative study to understand patterns of presentation and symmetry among dimensions of leader identity
Authors: McCombs Kate , Williams Ethlyn , Deptula Bryan
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore individual leader identity development across four key dimensions: strength, integration, meaning and inclusiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

Around 70 semi-structured interviews with aspiring and practicing leaders were conducted to gather qualitative data.

Findings

The majority of individuals interviewed showed development or were developing in the dimensions of strength and integration. However, over half of the sample demonstrated underdevelopment in the dimensions of meaning and inclusiveness.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the existing literature by providing nuanced insights into the level and patterns of development across all four dimensions of leader identity within individuals. It reveals that while some symmetry of development across dimensions is possible, it is less prevalent than previously assumed.
Institutional governance priorities to foster exports in Egypt
Authors: Abulata Nermine N.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The paper studies types and mechanisms of vertical and horizontal multilevel institutional governance (IG) (multilevel governance [MLG]). The relation with exports is reviewed and quantified to attempt prioritizing institutional reforms fostering merchandise exports in Egypt.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper studies data (from 1996 till 2020) to estimate impact of IG on Egyptian merchandise exports using two autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models: to test the World Governance Index (WGI) composite index, followed by its main indicators; and to determine governance priorities in Egypt. “Institutional” approach is adopted to assess mechanisms boosting Egyptian exports. Design comprises three sections – (1) conceptual and literature review, (2) main MLG mechanisms and (3) key findings of empirical results – to find out which institutional reforms enhance exports competitiveness in Egypt.

Findings

Among MLG different levels of governance, the macro level is highly related to boosting exports competitiveness. Institutional differentials between countries and regions affect competitive edge. In Egypt, results show that IG priorities that could foster exports are the rule of law, regulatory quality, government effectiveness and political stability and absence of violence.

Practical implications

By adopting IG mechanisms, i.e. legislative, organizational and digital; and instruments, e.g. National Single Window, Time Release Standards and others, Egyptian exports could reach new heights.

Originality/value

Exports competitiveness does not rely solely on monetary and fiscal factors; IG dynamics could be more important in Egypt. ARDL model for Egyptian merchandise exports using WGI 2021 dataset.
The moderating roles of healthcare expenditure in the fossil fuel consumption‐ mortality rate conflicts in fossil fuel‐dependent sub‐Saharan African countries
Authors: Omokanmi Olatunde Julius , Ibrahim Ridwan Lanre , Olaoye Olumide Olusegun
Published: June 2024

This current study contributes to the extant literature by providing the first empirical evidence on the functional relationship between fossil fuel consumption, environmental pollution, and mortality rate in selected fossil fuels‐dependent nations in sub‐Saharan African countries with the moderating role of healthcare expenditures from 1982 to 2021. The empirical evidence relies on a battery of techniques comprising fully modified ordinary least squares, dynamic ordinary least squares, and panel quartile regression estimators. In order to establish sturdy empirical insights, fossil fuel is proxy by four indices including oil, coal, natural gas (at the disaggregated level), and fossil fuel (at the aggregated level). Mortality rate is also disaggregated into mortality rate, adult male, mortality rate, adult female, and infant mortality rate. Based on this disaggregation, the findings from the study reveal the following: First, the indicators for fossil fuel consumption have positive statistically significant impact on all three measures of mortality rate. Second, environmental pollution positively impacts the three indicators of mortality rate. Third, healthcare expenditure significantly reduces mortality rate, while its interaction with fossil fuel consumption moderates their unfavorable impacts on mortality rate. Fourth, with the exception of natural gas, the indicators of fossil fuel consumption and environmental pollution exert unfavorable impacts on mortality rate across all the quartiles. Emerging from these empirical findings, the study recommends promotion of cleaner sources of energy while at the same time improving healthcare expenditure as an interim measure pending full transition to renewable energy towards the attainment of a good health outcome in sub‐Saharan Africa countries.
Evidences of neurological injury caused by COVID‐19 from glioma tissues and glioma organoids
Authors: Hu Huimin , Wang Chen , Tao Rui , Liu Bohan , Peng Dazhao , Chen Yankun , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Despite the extensive neurological symptoms induced by COVID‐19 and the identification of SARS‐CoV‐2 in post‐mortem brain samples from COVID‐19 patients months after death, the precise mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2 invasion into the central nervous system remain unclear due to the lack of research models.

Methods

We collected glioma tissue samples from glioma patients who had a recent history of COVID‐19 and examined the presence of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein. Subsequently, spatial transcriptomic analyses were conducted on normal brain tissues, glioma tissues, and glioma tissues from glioma patients with recent COVID‐19 history. Additionally, single‐cell sequencing data from both glioma tissues and glioma organoids were collected and analyzed. Glioma organoids were utilized to evaluate the efficacy of potential COVID‐19 blocking agents.

Results

Glioma tissues from glioma patients with recent COVID‐19 history exhibited the presence of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein. Differences between glioma tissues from glioma patients who had a recent history of COVID‐19 and healthy brain tissues primarily manifested in neuronal cells. Notably, neuronal cells within glioma tissues of COVID‐19 history demonstrated heightened susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease, depression, and synaptic dysfunction, indicative of neuronal aberrations. Expressions of SARS‐CoV‐2 entry factors were confirmed in both glioma tissues and glioma organoids. Moreover, glioma organoids were susceptible to pseudo‐SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and the infections could be partly blocked by the potential COVID‐19 drugs.

Conclusions

Gliomas had inherent traits that render them susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, leading to their representability of COVID‐19 neurological symptoms. This established a biological foundation for the rationality and feasibility of utilization of glioma organoids as research and blocking drug testing model in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection within the central nervous system.
A transdisciplinary approach for assessing connections between soil, food, and people in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Gillespie Julie , Cavanagh Jo‐Anne , Edwards Sarah , Jolly Dyanna , Payne Dione , Smith Carol
Published: June 2024

With increasing urbanisation, there is a growing disconnect between soil, food, and people, centred around those relying on Western food production models. This ‘wicked’ problem is challenging sustainable soil use and food insecurity. Knowledge of soils through scientific studies alone are unable to address this problem, and we need to extend the boundaries of soil science for real progress to be made. We present a conceptual framework for understanding the reciprocal connections between soil, food, and people in local food production systems in Aotearoa New Zealand, applying principles and practices from a transdisciplinary research methodology. The resultant Food‐Landscape Networks framework consists of seven factors that support understanding the inherent connections between soil, food, and people. The factors are: soil health, land suitability, climate, productivity, food quality, well‐being, and engagement. These factors have been identified from weaving together mātauraka (the Kāi Tahu mita [dialect] is used in this text, where the ‘ng’ diagraph is replaced with ‘k’, e.g., mātauranga = mātauraka) Māori (Māori knowledge, culture, worldview, and values) and soil science using the He Awa Whiria, Braided Rivers, epistemological framework. Mātauraka Māori guides the traditionally reductionist discipline of soil science into a more holistic space, in an Aotearoa New Zealand context.
An examination of an inclusive French immersion program and preschoolers' executive functioning skills
Authors: Regalla Michele , Peker Hilal , Macy Marisa
Published: June 2024

This exploratory study examines the relationship between executive functioning (EF) skills and the development of first (L1) and second language (L2) skills of preschool students. The participants of this study are enrolled in a French immersion program offered at an inclusion school combining students with disabilities (special needs) and those without (typically developing). All students were assessed for L1, L2, and EF skills. The findings of this study indicate L1 and L2 development in both receptive and expressive skills. Furthermore, EF skills served as a predictor of L2 expressive and receptive language skills. The findings of this study align with prior research showing a relationship between language skills and EF while also providing support for the inclusion of special needs students in immersion programs. Implications of findings suggest additional research is needed on the role of EF skills in L2 development and revisiting requirements for entry into language programs.
Biomass yields, reproductive fertility, compositional analysis, and genetic diversity of newly developed triploid giant miscanthus hybrids
Authors: Touchell Darren H. , Lynch Nathan , Shekasteband Reza , Dickey Allison N. , Chinn Mari C. , Whitfield Matthew , Ranney Thomas G.
Published: June 2024

Miscanthus ×giganteus (giant miscanthus), first found as a naturally occurring hybrid, has shown promise as a bioenergy/biomass crop throughout much of the temperate world. This allotriploid (2n = 3x = 57) hybrid resulted from a cross between tetraploid Miscanthus sacchariflorus (2n = 4x = 76) and diploid Miscanthus sinensis (2n = 2x = 38) and is particularly desirable due to its low fertility that minimizes reseeding and potential invasiveness. However, there is limited genetic diversity in commonly grown cultivars of triploid M. ×giganteus and breeding and development efforts to improve and domesticate this crop have been minimal. Here, we report on newly developed M. ×giganteus hybrids compared with the industry standard M. ×giganteus '1993‐1780'. Dry biomass yields of new hybrids ranged from 19.5 to 32.4 Mg/ha/year for the fourth growing season, compared with 21.0 Mg/ha/year for M. ×giganteus '1993‐1780'. Plant reproductive fertility remained low for all accessions with overall fertility [(seed set × seed germination)/100] ranging from 0.3% to 4.5% for new hybrids compared to 0.4% for M. ×giganteus '1993‐1780'. Culm density and height varied among accessions and were positively correlated with increased biomass. Based on compositional analyses, theoretical ethanol yields ranged from 9, 740 to 16,278 L/ha/year for new hybrids compared to 10,406 L/ha/year for M. ×giganteus '1993‐1780'. Relative feed value indices were low overall and ranged between 66.0 and 72.8 for new hybrids compared to M. ×giganteus '1993‐1780' with 71.3. The genetic diversity of new hybrids, compared with existing cultivars, was characterized using whole genome sequences. Based on pair‐wise distances, cluster analysis clearly showed increased diversity of new hybrids compared with earlier selections. These results document new triploid hybrids of M. ×giganteus with enhanced biomass and theoretical ethanol yields in combination with broader genetic diversity and lowreproductive fertility.
Application of cultured epidermal autograft, JACE®, improves survival rate in extensive burns: A propensity score matching study using Tokyo registry data
Authors: Matsumura Hajime , Shimada Kazuki , Komiya Takako
Published: June 2024

Cultured epidermal autograft, JACE®, was introduced into the Japanese national health insurance system in 2009 and has been used in more than 1000 cases of extensive burns. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of JACE® contributes to survival rate in extensive burns. In this study, 119 cases were selected from 3990 cases in Tokyo Burn Unit Association registry data from 2009 to 2023, excluding cases with less than 40% total body surface area, cases of deaths within 4 weeks and cases with unknown length of hospital stay. In total, 25 patients treated with JACE® were selected and matched with another 25 patients who did not receive JACE® using propensity score matching. The results showed that patients treated with JACE® had a significantly higher survival rate than did those who were not treated with JACE® at all time points between 6 and 9 weeks post‐injury. In addition, there was no significant difference in length of hospital stay between the groups. These results suggest that the use of JACE® in patients with extensive burns contributes to patient survival and does not prolong hospital stay.
Temperature and body size affect movement of juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and saithe (Pollachius virens) at nearshore nurseries
Authors: Nickel Anja K. , Campana Steven E. , Ólafsdóttir Guðbjörg Ásta
Published: June 2024

Seasonal migrations of marine fish between shallow summer feeding habitats and deep overwintering grounds are driven by fluctuations in the biotic and abiotic environment as well as by changes in the internal state. Ontogenetic shifts in physiology and metabolism affect the response to environmental drivers and may lead to changes in migration timing and propensity. In this study, we investigated the effect of temperature and body size on migration timing and depth distribution in acoustically tagged Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, and saithe, Pollachius virens, during the period of seasonal migration from shallow summer habitats. The results from our study revealed a wide range of horizontal and vertical distribution of age 1 and 2 G. morhua within the fjord. Larger G. morhua inhabited deeper, cooler waters than smaller juveniles, likely reflecting size‐dependent thermal preferences and predation pressure. Conversely, juvenile P. virens occupied primarily shallow waters close to land. The variation in depth distribution of G. morhua was mainly explained by body size and not, against our predictions, by water temperature. Conversely, the dispersal from the in‐fjord habitats occurred when water temperatures were high, suggesting that seasonal temperature fluctuations can trigger the migration timing of P. virens and larger G. morhua from summer habitats. Partial migration of small juvenile G. morhua from in‐fjord foraging grounds, likely influenced by individual body condition, suggested seasonal migration as a flexible strategy that individuals may use to reduce predation and energetic expenditure. Predation mortality rates of tagged juveniles were higher than previously suggested and are the first robust predation mortality rates for juvenile G. morhua and P. virens estimated based on acoustic transmitters with acidity sensors. The results have relevance for climate‐informed marine spatial planning as under the scenario of increasing ocean temperatures, increasing summer temperatures may reduce the juveniles' resource utilization in the shallow summer nurseries, resulting in lower growth rates, increased predation pressure, and lower chances of juvenile winter survival.
Premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Sayed Hazem , Jayaprakasan Kanna
Published: June 2024

Key content:

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a clinical syndrome involving ovarian follicle depletion and defined by loss of ovarian function before 40 years of age.

The diagnostic workup in women with suspected POI is in two steps: confirming the diagnosis and establishing its cause; it is important to understand the rationale for performing each diagnostic test, how to interpret results and appropriate multidisciplinary team involvement.

Treatment options include various regimens and preparations of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), monitoring and surveillance, induction of puberty in those with very early POI, complimentary treatment and fertility treatment.

Management of POI requires a comprehensive and personalised strategy that addresses not only the physical symptoms and disease risks, but also the psychosocial and reproductive health aspects, and it is important that women receive adequate counselling.

Learning objectives:

To raise awareness of early diagnosis of POI.

To be able to discuss the implications of POI for the health of women affected and their families, as well as for different hormonal and non‐hormonal treatment options.

To understand various fertility treatment options for POI.

Ethical issues:

It is important to consider the reproductive and diagnostic implications for women with chromosomal or genetic problems (e.g. Turner syndrome, Fragile X mutation carriers) and for their family members.

A diagnosis of POI may have differing implications based on social and cultural factors, and healthcare providers should consider a patient's values, beliefs, cultural background and preferences.
The delayed impact of containers on U.S. international trade growth
Authors: Bridgman Benjamin
Published: June 2024

Containers are commonly thought to be important for international trade but the evidence is thin. I argue that containers were important to U.S. trade expansion but not when they were first adopted. Using previously unused data, I show that U.S. aggregate freight factors did not fall when containers were first adopted. It took a decade before containerised freight rates fell. Falling freight rates matter for trade growth, accounting for 36 percent of the increase in U.S. import share of output from 1972 to 1987 when the impact of containers began to be felt. Institutional factors in port industry delayed containers' significant labour cost savings. Compensation deals to longshoremen kept labour costs up despite rapidly increasing labour productivity in ports.
Penggunaan Ungkapan Insya-Allah dalam Laman Facebook
Authors: Jam Jam Mohd Fauzan Mat
Published: June 2024

Abstrak
Penggunaan sosial media pada hari ini amat produktif dalam kehidupan masyarakat di Malaysia. Kajian ini akan menumpukan kepada penggunaan ungkapan insya-Allah dalam laman Facebook. Teori Pemilihan Bahasa (Fishman, 1991) telah digunakan dan data yang diperolehi melalui penelitian dalam Facebook telah dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan Kesantunan Bahasa (2000). Penggunaan ungkapan insya-Allah dapat dikenal pasti dalam dua objektif utama iaitu penggunaan ejaan dan faktor-faktor yang mendorong penggunaan ungkapan insya-Allah. Secara keseluruhannya, kajian ini masih di peringkat awal dan penelitian yang lebih tepat dan menyeluruh mungkin boleh dibuat pada masa akan datang.
Kata kunci: Ungkapan, bahasa Melayu, Facebook, Insya-Allah
Abstract
The use of social media today is very productive in the life of society in Malaysia. This study will focus on the use of the expression insya-Allah in Facebook. Language Selection Theory (Fishman, 1991) was applied, and data obtained through in Facebook were analyzed by using the Language Politeness Approach (Asmah Haji Omar, 2000). The use of the expression insya-Allah can be identified in two main objectives, which are the use of spelling and the factors that drive the users of the expression insya-Allah. Overall, this study is still in its early stages and more accurate and comprehensive study may be possible write in the future.
Keywords: Expression, Malay language, Facebook, Insya-Allah
Mental Health Discourse of Malaysian Women on Social Media
Authors: Azizan Awis Rumaisya , Ariffin Adlina
Published: June 2024

This study delves into the psychological well-being of Malaysian women amidst the unprecedented challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. By examining the discourse prevalent among Malaysian women on social media, particularly on Facebook, we seek to gain insights into their experiences and concerns during the pandemic. Public posts made during the COVID-19 period were systematically collected and assembled into a corpus utilising Lancsbox software. Through a careful analysis of this corpus, the study unveils the frequency and patterns of the topics written by Malaysian women. Moreover, it explores the contexts that shape these posts. Our research aims to shed light on the mental and emotional landscape of Malaysian women as reflected in their online interactions. The findings from this investigation hold the potential to offer valuable guidance to women and relevant stakeholders, contributing to a better understanding of how to support women's mental health within the realm of social media.
Immunomodulator Effect of Polyherbal Extract Turmeric-Meniran on Macrophages Profile of Mice Cancer Model by DMBA Injection
Authors: Puspitarini Sapti , Azzamudin Haidar , Ulinnuha Maria , Puspitoputri Alya H. , Khansa Shafanony , Widyarti Sri , Widodo Nashi , Rifa'i Muhaimin
Published: June 2024

The immune system has responsibility for various infections, including cancer. Macrophage cells are divided into Macrophage 1 (M1) and Macrophage 2 (M2) based on polarization against cancer cells. Alternative medicine, such as herbal medicine, have potential to modulate the immune system. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of the combination of Meniran and Turmeric extracts for regulating immune system cells, especially macrophage cells profile against cancer. This experiment was used Mus musculus cancer model that were injected subcutaneously with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) 45 mg/kg body weight. Animal models were treated with Meniran and Turmeric extract combination for 2 weeks. The immunocompetent cell parameters were analyzed using flow cytometry, with markers CD11b cells and cytokines secreted in macrophage [i.e., interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, also tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)]. The study showed that DMBA injection on mice increased the cell level of CD11b+ and CD11b+IL10+ (M2), at the same time decreased the cell level of M1, i.e., CD11b+IL6+ and CD11b+TNF-α+ compared with the Normal group. The Meniran and Turmeric extract combination treatment on DMBA-injected mice decreased the level of the cells of CD11b+ and CD11b+IL10+, meanwhile it increased the level of the cells of CD11b+IL6+ and CD11b+TNF-α+. The result indicated that the Meniran and Turmeric combination had the potential to modulate the immune system, especially macrophage cells profile against cancer.
Computing the Hosoya Index of Some Nanostar Dendrimers
Authors: Movahedi Fateme , Akhbari Mohamad Hadi , Hasni Roslan
Published: June 2024

Dendrimers are highly branched macromolecules built up from a monomer, with new branches added in steps until a tree structure is created. The various biological characteristics of dendrimers are a good choice in chemistry, biology, the medical field, and nano-science. A topological index is a type of molecular descriptor that is calculated based on the molecular graph of a chemical structure. The Hosoya index is a well-known topological index that is used to predict some of their physico-chemical properties from the structure of molecules. The Hosoya index of a graph is defined as the total number of its independent edge sets. In this paper, we study the Hosoya index of some families of nanostar dendrimers. We obtain the formulas of the Hosoya index for two infinite classes of dendrimers, namely, nanostar dendrimer  and tetrathiafulvalene dendrimer. We use the Mathematica program to evaluate the results and accuracy of calculations. Our results can be used in analyzing the molecular topology of these families of nanostar dendrimers.
The Generalisations of n-Cutting Sites Splicing Languages via Yusof-Goode Splicing System using a Non-Palindromic Rule and Crossing Site
Authors: Mohd Ruslim Nooradelena , Yusof Yuhani , Mohamad Mohd Sham , Abdul-Wahab Mohd Firdaus , Mudaber Mohammad Hassan
Published: June 2024

Yusof-Goode (Y-G) splicing system was introduced in the context of Formal Language Theory. Splicing system is a dry model that presents enzymatic activities between initial strings and restriction enzymes, while splicing language is the generated strings from the splicing system. Splicing language will yield either as new molecules or initial string itself, and can be either in adult or inert, limit or transient languages. In this paper, some mathematical results on generating and generalising the n-cutting sites splicing languages are established using a Y-G splicing system consisting of a single pattern of strings with non-palindromic rule and crossing site. Two lemmas are presented to discuss the Y-G splicing system when two and three cutting sites exist in a single pattern of string. Different characteristics concerning the features of left and right contexts are established. A theorem is then proposed based on the lemmas to generalise the n-cutting sites splicing languages resulting from a Y-G splicing system with a single pattern of string and a non-palindromic rule when n-cutting sites exist in a single pattern of string.
Stability Scrutinization of Time Depending Flow of a Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid Past a Shrinking Sheet with Wall Mass Suction Effect
Authors: Jamrus Farah Nadzirah , Ishak Anuar , Waini Iskandar
Published: June 2024

The dynamics of unsteady flow of a ternary hybrid nanofluid on a stretching/shrinking sheet with wall mass suction is numerically analysed. In this study, a mixture of Al2O3, Cu, and TiO2 is employed as additives in water, which serves as the base fluid. The equations governed the problem are simplified into a collection of ODEs by adopting the similarity transformation. Maintaining the flow on a shrinking sheet is reliant on the essential aspect of suction. Furthermore, augmenting the strength of suction amplifies the thermal conductivity process of the flow. Additionally, this study unveils dual solutions existing within a defined range of parameters. It has been determined that one solution exhibits long-term stability, whereas the other solution is deemed unstable through the stability analysis conducted.
Heard off Heard: Acoustic detections of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) and other cetaceans off Heard Island
Authors: Miller Brian S. , Masere Cara , Milnes Mark , Cleeland Jaimie , Lamb Timothy , Maschette Dale , Welsford Dirk
Published: June 2024

An underwater acoustic recorder was moored off Heard Island from September 2017 through March 2018 to listen for marine mammals. Analysis of data was initially conducted by visual inspection of long-term spectral averages to reveal sounds from sperm whales, Antarctic and pygmy blue whales, fin whales, minke whales, odontocete whistles, and noise from nearby ships. Automated detection of sperm whale clicks revealed they were seldom detected from September through January (n = 35 h) but were detected nearly every day of February and March (n = 684 h). Additional analysis of these detections revealed further diel and demographic patterns.
Accelerated evolution in the human lineage led to gain and loss of transcriptional enhancers in theRBFOX1locus
Authors: Berasain Lara , Beati Paula , Trigila Anabella P. , Rubinstein Marcelo , Franchini Lucía F.
Published: June 2024

A long-standing goal of evolutionary biology is to decode how changes in gene regulatory networks contribute to human-specific traits. Human accelerated regions (HARs) are prime candidates for driving gene regulatory modifications in human development. TheRBFOX1locus is densely populated with HARs, providing a set of potential regulatory elements that could have changed its expression in the human lineage. Here, we examined the role ofRBFOX1-HARs using transgenic zebrafish reporter assays and identified 15 transcriptional enhancers that are active in the developing nervous system, 9 of which displayed differential activity between the human and chimpanzee sequences. The engineered loss of two selectedRBFOX1-HARs in knockout mouse models modifiedRbfox1expression at specific developmental stages and tissues in the brain, influencing the expression and splicing of a high number ofRbfox1target genes. Our results provided insight into the spatial and temporal changes in gene expression driven byRBFOX1-HARs.
Controlling factors for the global meridional overturning circulation: A lesson from the Paleozoic
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Liu Yonggang , Hu Yongyun , Mei Jie , Han Jing , Bao Xiujuan , Li Xiang , Lin Qifan , Wei Mengyu , Li Zhibo , Yin Zihan , Man Kai , Guo Jiaqi , Liu Yue , Sun Yudong , Wu Jiacheng , Zhang Jian , Wei Qiang , Yang Jun , Nie Ji
Published: June 2024

The global meridional overturning circulation (GMOC) is important for redistributing heat and, thus, determining global climate, but what determines its strength over Earth’s history remains unclear. On the basis of two sets of climate simulations for the Paleozoic characterized by a stable GMOC direction, our research reveals that GMOC strength primarily depends on continental configuration while climate variations have a minor impact. In the mid- to high latitudes, the volume of continents largely dictates the speed of westerly winds, which in turn controls upwelling and the strength of the GMOC. At low latitudes, open seaways also play an important role in the strength of the GMOC. An open seaway in one hemisphere allows stronger westward ocean currents, which support higher sea surface heights (SSH) in this hemisphere than that in the other. The meridional SSH gradient drives a stronger cross-equatorial flow in the upper ocean, resulting in a stronger GMOC. This latter finding enriches the current theory for GMOC.
A potential space-making role in cell wall biogenesis for SltB1and DacB revealed by a beta-lactamase induction phenotype in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Gyger Joël , Torrens Gabriel , Cava Felipe , Bernhardt Thomas G. , Fumeaux Coralie
Published: June 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
encodes the beta-lactamase AmpC, which promotes resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Expression of
ampC
is induced by anhydro-muropeptides (AMPs) released from the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall upon beta-lactam treatment. AmpC can also be induced via genetic inactivation of PG biogenesis factors such as the endopeptidase DacB that cleaves PG crosslinks. Mutants in
dacB
occur in beta-lactam-resistant clinical isolates of
P. aeruginosa
, but it has remained unclear why DacB inactivation promotes
ampC
induction. Similarly, the inactivation of lytic transglycosylase (LT) enzymes such as SltB1 that cut PG glycans has also been associated with
ampC
induction and beta-lactam resistance. Given that LT enzymes are capable of producing AMP products that serve as
ampC
inducers, this latter observation has been especially difficult to explain. Here, we show that
ampC
induction in
sltB1
or
dacB
mutants requires another LT enzyme called MltG. In
Escherichia coli
, MltG has been implicated in the degradation of nascent PG strands produced upon beta-lactam treatment. Accordingly, in
P. aeruginosa sltB1
and
dacB
mutants, we detected the MltG-dependent production of pentapeptide-containing AMP products that are signatures of nascent PG degradation. Our results therefore support a model in which SltB1 and DacB use their PG-cleaving activity to open space in the PG matrix for the insertion of new material. Thus, their inactivation mimics low-level beta-lactam treatment by reducing the efficiency of new PG insertion into the wall, causing the degradation of some nascent PG material by MltG to produce the
ampC
-inducing signal.

IMPORTANCE

Inducible beta-lactamases like the ampC system of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
are a common determinant of beta-lactam resistance among gram-negative bacteria. The regulation of
ampC
is elegantly tuned to detect defects in cell wall synthesis caused by beta-lactam drugs. Studies of mutations causing
ampC
induction in the absence of drug therefore promise to reveal new insights into the process of cell wall biogenesis in addition to aiding our understanding of how resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics arises in the clinic. In this study, the
ampC
induction phenotype for mutants lacking a glycan-cleaving enzyme or an enzyme that cuts cell wall crosslinks was used to uncover a potential role for these enzymes in making space in the wall matrix for the insertion of new material during cell growth.
The Synergistic Trio of Metabolic Master Regulators Sustaining a Vicious Circle of Pathological Processes in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Kondashevskaya M. V. , Artemyeva K. A. , Mikhaleva L. M.
Published: June 2024

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a maladaptive response
to the exposure of an extraordinary-intensity stressor. The animal
and human body responds to any external challenges at the systemic, organismal
and cellular levels. In stress-sensitive individuals, the collaboration
of stress-implementing and stress-limiting systems is compromised,
causing the transformation of behavior, cognitive abilities and
other functions of the central nervous system. It is commonly accepted
now that changes in the abundance and repertoire of the intestinal
microbiota play an important role in the pathogenesis of PTSD. In
this regard, the methods of improving the microflora are high on
the agenda. Analyzing the literature data, we came to the conclusion
that metabolic, somatic and mental health largely depends on the
coordinated functioning of the key interdependent metabolic components:
hepatobiliary system, intestinal microbiota and, as we believe,
the state of mast cells. Close scrutiny of the interplay of these components
will help identify new therapeutic targets and the most effective
methods to treat PTSD.
Acceptability, use and safety of the BlueIce self-harm prevention app: qualitative findings from the Beating Adolescent Self-Harm (BASH) randomised controlled trial
Authors: Stallard Paul , Whittle Kathryn , Moore Emma , Medina-Lara Antonieta , Morrish Nia , Rhodes Shelley , Taylor Gordon , Cliffe Bethany
Published: June 2024

Background

Little is known about the social validity of self-harm prevention apps for young adolescents with severe mental health problems who repeatedly self-harm.

Objective

We assessed the acceptability, use and safety of BlueIce, a self-harm prevention app for young adolescents who self-harm.

Methods

Mixed methods study involving a content analysis of postuse interviews. Participants were a clinical group of 60 UK adolescents aged 12–17 with repeated self-harm, randomised to receive BlueIce.

Findings

BlueIce was used by 57/60 (95%) respondents with 47/57 (82%) using BlueIce when thinking about self-harm. 17/47 (36%) who were thinking about self-harm used it on more than six occasions with 36/47 (77%) reporting that BlueIce prevented at least one episode of self-harm. 33/47 (70%) reported occasions when they used the app but still went on to self-harm. Reasons why the app was not used or not helpful included feeling too distressed, a negative mindset, prior decision to self-harm or forgetting. BlueIce was rated 4.09 (SD=0.75) out of 5 stars, with high mean ratings out of 10 for ease of use (8.70, SD=1.37) and good for acceptability (7.68, SD=2.05) and helpfulness (6.77, SD=1.72). No respondent identified BlueIce as triggering any episode of self-harm.

Conclusion

These findings are consistent with previous evaluations and highlight the acceptability, use and safety of BlueIce. Self-reports indicate that BlueIce prevented some episodes of self-harm.

Clinical implications

Our results highlight the acceptability of the BlueIce self-harm app for young adolescents who repeatedly self-harm.