bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possibilities for improving the technology of roasting zinc concentrates
Authors: Ismailov Jonibek , Berdiyarov Bahriddin , Nosirkhujayev Sardor , Ochildiyev Kakhramon , Nuraliyev Oybek
Published: May 2024

The paper presents an investigation into the oxidation process of zinc sulfide concentrate. A common challenge encountered during the fluidized calcination process is the high concentration of sulfide sulfur in the condensed products, such as the mixture collected at the furnace threshold and in the dust. This scientific work reports the results of laboratory studies aimed at improving the technology of roasting zinc concentrates. The study's objective was to obtain zinc cinders with increased solubility in aqueous solutions by roasting sulfide zinc concentrates. The results show that the optimal composition of the charge for roasting was determined using limestone and wastewater from the processing plant, which contains alkaline earth metal oxides. This composition helped reduce the formation of ferrites and silicates by 1.5-1.7 times.
Information models of tactical and operational planning levels in energy construction
Authors: Mavzovin Vladimir , Klevanskiy Nikolay , Vornacheva Irina , Voinash Sergey , Abdullazyanov Edward , Sabitov Linar , Zagidullin Ramil
Published: May 2024

The strategic, tactical and operational levels of energy construction planning are considered. The purpose of the article is to present information models for solving multi-criteria tasks of forming schedules of various types. For the first information model based on vector representations of aggregations, a multilevel classification of criteria and ranking algorithms for multi-criteria tasks is proposed. A structural analysis of criteria and ranking algorithms for multi-criteria tasks is carried out. Schemes of hierarchies of multiple inclusion of criteria and ranking algorithms for information planning models are presented. Recursive definitions of criteria and ranking algorithms are obtained. For the second information model, a heuristic paradigm of centralized scheduling is described for various types of presentation of source data, namely: sets of independent applications, sets of application vectors and sets of hierarchical or network structures of applications. The scheduling paradigm is based on the use of two schemes for generating schedules and priority rules. Using the first constructive scheme, the initial schedule is cyclically formed.
Modelling of a six-case hardware object for control of potassium ore flotation based on systems thinking
Authors: Nasirova Shaira , Kholiqov Mukhriddin
Published: May 2024

This article discusses computer modelling of the flotation process taking into account the hydrodynamic structure of interacting flows. Modern technologies and processes ensure the effective separation of potash ores into individual components, allowing you to obtain the desired product in its pure form. An important aspect is to minimize the loss of useful substances in order to maximize its use in the production of fertilizers. This is achieved through strict control over each stage of raw material processing, optimization of chemical reagents and improvement of separation systems. Various options have been studied and the possibility of using differential equations of material balances has been shown. This made it possible to justify a multi-stage method for identifying a flotation object. The results obtained made it possible to develop acceptable computer models of the dynamics of the flotation process. Methods for modelling the facility and control systems for flotation complexes have been developed based on computer models of the process occurring in the gas and liquid phases.
Prospects for mathematical modeling in mining system development: accounting for global oscillations and seismic waves
Authors: Karimov Komolkhan , Mardonov Bakhtiyor , Akhmedov Azamat , Toirov Murtoza
Published: May 2024

The article discusses the potential of mathematical modeling in understanding the impact of vibrations and seismic waves, aiming at enhancing the sustainability of systems within the mining industry. It explores the dynamic response of a tall, elastic structure with a uniform cross-section and a fixed cylindrical fluid reservoir, subject to various complex boundary conditions. The study delves into the vibrational behavior of the structure when exposed to seismic and harmonic forces, calculating frequency, vibration periods, and deriving formulas for stress, tension, deformation, bending moments, and shear forces in different parts of the structure through both theoretical and experimental approaches. Additionally, the article derives the differential equation for the free oscillation of a tall hydraulic structure in pure bending with an incorporated mass load under appropriate boundary conditions, identifying specific vibration frequencies and periods. The forced vibration scenario is also examined, focusing on the structure's foundation movement due to external harmonic forces. Numerical computation technology is utilized to analyze the change laws of principal quantities that describe both free and forced vibrational movements of the hydraulic structure, showcasing the applicability of these models in predicting and mitigating the effects of seismic activities on mining infrastructure.
Algorithm for synthesis of plane gears according to the constant curvature criterion
Authors: Barbashov Nikolay , Timofeev Gennady
Published: May 2024

This paper presents an algorithm for synthesizing plane gears based on the constant curvature criterion. The derived formulas for pinion gears can be applied in various mechanisms, including clockwork mechanisms, gun turret aiming systems, lifting and transport mechanisms, and planetary gearboxes with tracked propellers. These formulas enable effective analysis of transmission operation and optimal value selection, leading to more rational design and increased efficiency of the entire mechanism. Internal gearing technology allows for significant reductions in drive dimensions and metal consumption compared to traditional involute gears. Improving the technical characteristics of mechanical drives can be achieved by optimizing pinion gear design. This study focuses on the analysis of pinion gears, which reduce profile slippage and transmission wear, resulting in increased efficiency and convenience of operation. Additionally, pinion gears are technologically advanced and reliable. This work develops a mathematical model of a pinion transmission as a flat gearing with a constant gear ratio, providing a foundation for further research and practical applications.
Calculation formulas for contact curves of technological machine
Authors: Hurramov Shukhrat , Bektoshev Kuvondar , Khaydarov Shamsiddin , Aripova Nasiba
Published: May 2024

The problem of describing the contact curves of technological machines has been solved. At the same time, contact interaction was studied taking into account changes in the technological parameter and deformation of the materials of the contacting bodies. The obtained dependencies make it possible to find rational parameters of the technological process with sufficient accuracy. The obtained models indicate that the shape of the contact is influenced by such parameters as strip thickness, roll radii, external forces, as well as parameters characterizing the deformations of the contacting bodies.
Relation of the stress state in the contact zone and the forces acting in the roller mechanisms
Authors: Yakubov Gulomjon , Dalakyan Janna , Atadjanova Sayyora , Tashpulatov Sarvar
Published: May 2024

Mathematical models were developed to study the distribution pattern of shear and friction stresses in the roll contact zone. These models establish a relationship between the stress state in the contact zone, the forces acting on the roller mechanisms, and the shape of the roll contact curve in driven and free rollers. The distribution of normal stresses determines the distribution of shear stresses along the contact curve, the compliance of the material strip and the roller coating, and the forces acting on the roller mechanism.
Determining the impact of noise exposure of mining enterprises’ workers
Authors: Petrenko Ivan , Rieznik Dmytro , Shevchenko Volodymyr , Volkov Oleksandr , Bilousova Kateryna , Toś Piotr
Published: May 2024

This study investigated one of the main harmful factors at work, namely the impact of noise exposure on employees. The study was conducted in several stages. At the first stage, an on-site measurement was carried out using a calibrated sound level meter and a special smartphone application in the immediate vicinity of the ore grinding mill. It was found that the noise level is not constant. At the second stage, a mathematical dependence of the noise measurement results on the mill operating time was obtained to compare the measurement accuracy of the sound level meter and the app. As a result, it was determined that the application has sufficient accuracy compared to the calibrated instrument. The third stage resulted in the calculation of the risk of hearing loss for employees from noise exposure at workplaces based on the measurements of the calibrated sound level meter. The calculations showed that the level of this risk is high. At the fourth stage, personal protective equipment was selected using the relevant guidelines from NIOSH and EU-OSHA, as well as considering the results of field measurements, the maximum permissible noise level established by state sanitary standards, and the level of hearing loss risk.
Use of laser scanning and 3D software in mining design
Authors: Dusza-Pilarz Katarzyna , Kirej Mariusz , Jasiołek Justyna
Published: May 2024

The article presents the results of laser scanning measurements in horizontal and vertical headings of copper ore mines in Poland. Laser scanners are used primarily for the inventorying of large chambers or workings that are difficult to access. The point clouds obtained from the measurements are processed in CAD programmes, the study then examined examples of their use in underground mining. The examples included the use of scans for modernisation projects and for designing new mine workings. This paper explores the integration of laser scanning and 3D software as a powerful toolset for enhancing various aspects of mining design. Through the accurate capture of spatial data using laser scanning technologies, detailed representations of mining environments can be generated, enabling engineers to create precise digital models of underground workings, open-pit mines, and associated infrastructure. Furthermore, the integration of 3D software facilitates the manipulation and analysis of this captured data, allowing for the development of comprehensive design solutions. By leveraging the capabilities of 3D modelling and simulation tools, mining engineers can conduct virtual assessments of proposed designs, identify potential risks and inefficiencies, and optimize operational layouts to maximize productivity and safety. This paper reviews the methodologies and applications of laser scanning and 3D software in mining design, highlighting their contributions to key aspects such as geological modelling, slope stability analysis, ventilation planning, and equipment optimization.
Eco-friendly technology for “Nitrofos” fertilizer obtained from radioactive man-made waste
Authors: Mukhachev Anatoliy , Yelatontsev Dmytro , Shevchenko Volodymyr , Bozhko Kateryna , Kharуtonova Olena
Published: May 2024

The article presents the results of research into the process of purification of phosphoric acid from radioactive isotopes after extraction of uranium, thorium, and REE. It is shown that the main purification of acid is achieved in the process of gypsum precipitation with sulfuric acid and barium nitrate. Additional purification of nitrate-phosphate solution is achieved after uranium extraction and sorption-extraction purification of REE. The sorption raffinate with a concentration of P2O5 25 g/L, REE 0.5 g/L and NH4NO3 300 g/L were used for fertilizer production. Additional purification of NH4NO3 solution from isotopes 226Ra, 210Po, 227Ac is achieved in the process of REE extraction purification. The aggregate of all refining processes of purification of nitrate-phosphate solution from radioactive isotopes provided NP-fertilizer “Nitrofos”, which meets the quality standards. Extraction of P2O5 from raw materials into NP-fertilizer – 90%; extraction of REE from raw materials into collective chemical concentrate – 95%; direct commercial extraction of REE from raw materials into the product – 85%.
Construction of the geological model of the “Knurów” deposit and its application to the exploitation design
Authors: Sosnowski Piotr , Galica Dominik
Published: May 2024

The “Knurów” deposit is characterized by intense and rich fold and fault tectonics. The model of the “Knurów” deposit includes 11 seams belonging to the Orzesze, Ruda Śląska and Siodłowe layers. Each of these seams is recognized by boreholes, but also properly documented by mining, which greatly facilitates the modelling of its surface. The article addresses selected issues related to the construction of a three-dimensional model of the deposit. The method of modelling the surface of the terrain and the erosion surface of the Carboniferous is presented, which are used to calculate the location of subcrops of modelled seams and to predict the deformation of the terrain under the influence of mining. The general principles of fault modelling are presented, and so are ways of designing mining surfaces in longwalls passing through a fault. In the analysed deposit there are also seam splits. The article discusses the principles adopted for the development of the deposit model and its visualization, as well as the use of a dedicated algorithm for calculating the location of mining surfaces in such zones.
Gestion intégrée de la santé dans une perspective de transition agroécologique des systèmes d’élevage : cadre d’analyse et leviers d’action pour les animaux monogastriques
Authors: Montagne Lucile , Collin Anne , Combes Sylvie , Ferchaud Stéphane , Germain Karine , Guilloteau Laurence , Gunia Mélanie , Le Floc’h Nathalie , Manoli Claire , Savietto Davi , Fortun-Lamothe Laurence
Published: May 2024

La gestion intégrée de la santé animale peut être définie comme l’ensemble des connaissances et pratiques mobilisées par l’Homme de manière coordonnée afin de favoriser la construction, préserver ou retrouver la santé des individus ou du troupeau au sein du système d’élevage. Elle se fonde sur la mobilisation conjointe de trois principes complémentaires : prévenir l’apparition des maladies en limitant les situations à risque et le contact avec les éléments nuisibles (agents pathogènes, éléments toxiques), utiliser des animaux résistants ou développer leurs capacités adaptatives, soigner les animaux de façon ciblée (molécule, dose, durée). La santé se construit tout au long de la vie de l’animal pour garantir un développement harmonieux et l’intégrité physique des individus. De nombreux leviers d’action, regroupés en six dimensions (milieu de vie des animaux, gestion de la reproduction, gestion des troupeaux, choix et pratiques avec les animaux, alimentation et pilotage de l’élevage) ont été identifiés pour atteindre cet objectif. Ces leviers peuvent avoir sur la santé un effet direct, différé, ou bien intergénérationnel. Une mobilisation cohérente de ces leviers a permis de réduire fortement l’usage des antibiotiques ces dernières années, mais des progrès sont encore nécessaires dans certains systèmes d’élevage. La transition agroécologique des systèmes d’élevage pose de nouveaux défis pour une gestion intégrée de la santé animale.
La qualité de l’eau de boisson en élevage : choisir le biocide le plus adapté
Authors: Bastier Stéphane
Published: May 2024

Les dernières statistiques du Groupement de Défense Sanitaire de la Mayenne montrent que 70 à 80 % des eaux brutes des puits sont concernées par des contaminations bactériologiques et 60 % des eaux de forages sont riches en fer et manganèse, nécessitant un traitement continu, adapté et suivi [8]. Par conséquent, la maîtrise de la qualité bactériologique, mais aussi physicochimique de l’eau de boisson en élevage est primordiale et doit rester un sujet d’attention permanent.

Actuellement, le contexte réglementaire évolue et par voie de conséquence, le marché des solutions biocides pour rendre potable l’eau de boisson en élevage. Ainsi, choisir une solution biocide pour désinfecter l’eau de boisson dans un élevage ne s’improvise pas. Bien au contraire ce choix intervient au terme d’une réflexion qui prend en compte l’ensemble des paramètres ayant trait à la qualité et la distribution de l’eau.

Les critères pris en compte sont les suivants : le système doit être facilement contrôlable, préserver l’intégrité des canalisations, limiter le développement du biofilm et sécuriser l’efficacité des traitements médicamenteux ou des vaccinations distribués par l’eau de boisson. Le tout devant être le plus économique au quotidien et sécurisant pour les animaux, les opérateurs et l’environnement.
Crypto-asset regulatory landscape: a comparative analysis of the crypto-asset regulation in the UK and Germany
Authors: Wronka Christoph
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this research paper is to compare and analyse how crypto-assets are regulated in the UK and Germany. The aim is to understand and highlight the approaches taken by these two countries in terms of regulating crypto-assets and to explore the potential impact that their regulatory frameworks could have on the market for these crypto-assets. The research employs a doctrinal research design to examine the crypto-asset regulatory regimes in the UK and Germany. A comprehensive review of existing literature, official regulatory documents and relevant legal frameworks is conducted to understand the core components of each country's crypto-asset regulations. The findings of this study reveal divergences in the regulatory approaches of the UK and Germany towards crypto-assets. While the UK has embraced a principles-based regulatory framework, fostering innovation and industry growth, Germany has adopted a more prescriptive and cautious approach, focusing on investor protection and market stability. The research identifies that the UK's flexible approach has attracted a flourishing crypto-asset ecosystem, while Germany's conservative stance has offered greater investor confidence. However, certain regulatory gaps and challenges persist in both jurisdictions, such as ambiguities in classification and tax treatment, requiring further attention.
Sequential innovation and contribution distribution: measurement from game live-streaming industry
Authors: Huang Jinglei , Xie Danxia , Xu Zhihao
Published: May 2024

Profit distribution in sequential innovation is a crucial yet relatively unexplored area of empirical research. With novel cross-section data from the game live-streaming industry, we are the first to assess the contribution shared by initial and follow-on innovators empirically. Unlike the complex innovation paths of patents, the copyright structure within the game live-streaming industry is clear and concise, enabling direct measurement of innovation value. At the industry’s average level, the share stands at 1:2 between game producers and streamers. This measurement remains robust even after controlling for income levels and distinguishing between professionals and amateurs. Nevertheless, significant heterogeneity exists across different game genres. We suggest that a balanced distribution scheme between initial and follow-on innovators should seriously consider their contribution shares.
The lasting impacts of remote learning in the absence of remedial policies: Evidence from Brazil
Authors: Lichand Guilherme , Doria Carlos Alberto
Published: May 2024

The transition to remote learning in the context of COVID-19 led to dramatic setbacks in education. Is the return to in-person classes
sufficient
to eliminate these losses eventually? We study this question using data from the
universe
of secondary students in São Paulo State, Brazil. We estimate the causal medium-run impacts of the length of exposure to remote learning during the pandemic through a triple-differences strategy, which contrasts changes in educational outcomes across municipalities and grades that resumed in-person classes earlier (already by Q4/2020) or only in 2021. We find that relative learning losses from longer exposure to remote learning did
not
fade out over time—attesting that school reopening was at the same time key but not enough to mitigate accumulated learning losses in face of persistence. Using observational and experimental variation in local responses across 645 municipalities, we further document that remedial educational policies in the aftermath of the pandemic boosted learning recovery.
Influence of annealing temperature and laser irradiation on the structural, optical, and photoluminescence characteristics of Ni2O3/SnO2nanocomposites for perspective applications
Authors: El Desouky Fawzy G , Saleh Hisham A , Atta Diaa
Published: May 2024

In this study, a new approach methodology is employed to modify the structural, optical, and photoluminescence properties of Ni2O3/SnO2(NO/TO) nanocomposites. The effects of temperature and laser irradiation on a specific system were analyzed and described using XRD, XPS, and TEM. The diffraction patterns indicate the presence of two distinct phases within the NO/TO system. The XPS results reveal a robust underlying interaction between Ni2O3and SnO2, exhibited by the observed shifts in the peak positions of Ni 2p, Sn 3d, and O 1 s. The TEM images demonstrate the formation of hexagonal and half-hexagonal forms with varying orientations, as well as the emergence of elongated tetragonal shapes, upon increasing the temperature to 900 °C. the notable enhancement in light absorption, with the absorption bands spanning a wide range in the UV–vis spectra, specifically from approximately 300 nm to around 800 nm in the near-infrared (NIR) region. The broad range of PL emission bands identified by this mixture of nanoparticles, expanding from the UV to the near and intermediate IR regions, demonstrated that NO/TO nanocpomposites are considerably defective. The NO/TO nanocomposites exhibit efficient multi-color band emissions at ambient conditions, rendering them promising contenders for deployment in optoelectronic nanodevices, including blue, yellow, and white band emission light-emitting diodes and NIR luminescence bioimaging.
Some classes of interacting two-fluid model of the expanding universe
Authors: Bhattacharya Subhra
Published: May 2024

We consider interacting dark matter-dark energy models arising out of a general interaction term

Q
=
f
(

ρ

m

,

ρ

d

,

ρ

̇

m

,

ρ

̇

d

)
.

Here f is a functional relation connecting the energy densities ρ

m
and ρ

d
and their derivatives w.r.t. time t. In our model we consider two interacting barotropic fluid with constant equation of state ω

m
and ω

d
. By considering a dynamical interaction between them we trace out the cosmological evolution dynamics of the Universe. We analytically solve the model by considering a constant ratio between the two fluids and then track the corresponding analytical results using observational data from the baryon acoustic oscillation measurements, Type Ia supernovae measurements and the local Hubble constant measurements. From this general setting we introduce three different models and nine different interaction function. Our final aim is to set up a comparative analysis of the various class of models under the different interaction function using common theoretical and numerical analysis.
Absorption characteristics of diffracted X-ray radiation in a quartz crystal at an external temperature gradient
Authors: Margaryan V. , Noreyan S. , Mesropyan M. , Trouni K. , Aghabekyan V. , Mirzoyan R. , Kocharyan V.
Published: May 2024

In this work the dependence of the anomalous absorption of X-rays on the crystal thickness and temperature gradient value was studied. The refracted and reflected beams intensities, as well as their sum intensities were measured for crystal thicknesses in the range of 0.3–4.5 mm. Significant increase in the sum intensity of the refracted and reflected beams is observed in presence of temperature gradient. It is shown that the anomalous absorption in the crystal in presence of the temperature gradient is decreased and this effect is stronger expressed in thick crystals.
Characterization of the chemical and structural modifications induced by X rays on the HEMA based polymer gel
Authors: Alkan Türkan , Seki Yoldaş , Yurt Ayşegül
Published: May 2024

The use of polymer gels in the radiation dosimetry field is rapidly increasing due to the possibility of 3 dimensional (3D) dosimetry. The aim of this study is to produce a new polymer gel with high dose sensitivity. This involved the production of polymer gel compositions containing different percentages of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) monomer and Di(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (DEGDMA) and 1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (VP) crosslinkers and these gels were irradiated with radiation dose between 0.5 Gy to 11 Gy, using 6 MV X-ray energy of the medical linear accelerator. The degree of polymerization was assessed by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based on the R2-dose response. Then, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of the gels were taken. Polymer gels consisting of DEGDMA as crosslinker and Tetrakis (Hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPC) as antioxidant were found to have a potential for use in radiation therapy dosimeter. The concentration of HEMA showing the most effective dose response was identified as 12 wt%. It was found that HEMA polymer gels containing DEGDMA crosslinker provide a better dose response than HEMA and HEMA-VP normoxic polymer gels.
Polyethyleneimine surface-modified silver-selenium nanocomposites for anti-infective treatment of wounds by disrupting biofilms
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Yang Qinping , Zhou Ruiwen , Wang Xinyu , Raziq Khadija , Tang Min , Wang Zekun , Sun Dongdong
Published: May 2024

Bacterial biofilm formation is associated with the pathogenicity of pathogens and poses a serious threat to human health and clinical therapy. Complex biofilm structures provide physical barriers that inhibit antibiotic penetration and inactivate antibiotics via enzymatic breakdown. The development of biofilm-disrupting nanoparticles offers a promising strategy for combating biofilm infections. Hence, polyethyleneimine surface-modified silver-selenium nanocomposites, Ag@Se@PEI (ASP NCs), were designed for synergistic antibacterial effects by destroying bacterial biofilms to promote wound healing. The results of in vitro antimicrobial experiments showed that, ASP NCs achieved efficient antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) by disrupting the formation of the bacterial biofilm, stimulating the outbreak of reactive oxygen species and destroying the integrity of bacterial cell membranes. The in-vivo bacterial infection in mice model showed that, ASP NCs further promoted wound healing and new tissue formation by reducing inflammatory factors and promoting collagen fiber formation which efficiently enhanced the antibacterial effect. Overall, ASP NCs possess low toxicity and minimal side effects, coupled with biocompatibility and efficient antibacterial properties. By disrupting biofilms and bacterial cell membranes, ASP NCs reduced inflammatory responses and accelerated the healing of infected wounds. This nanocomposite-based study offers new insights into antibacterial therapeutic strategies as potential alternatives to antibiotics for wound healing.
Cross-watershed leakage of agricultural nutrient runoff
Authors: Akinyemi Taiwo , Elbakidze Levan , Xu Yuelu , Gassman Philip W , Yen Haw , Arnold Jeffrey G
Published: May 2024

Agricultural nutrient runoff has been a major contributor to hypoxia in many downstream coastal ecosystems. Although programs have been designed to reduce nutrient loading in individual coastal waters, cross watershed interdependencies of nutrient runoff have not been quantified due to a lack of suitable modeling tools. Cross-watershed pollution leakage can occur when nutrient runoff moves from more to less regulated regions. We illustrate the use of an integrated assessment model IAM that combines economic and process-based biophysical tools to quantify Nitrogen loading leakage across three major US watersheds. We also assess losses in consumer and producer surplus from decreased commodity supply and higher prices when nutrient delivery to select coastal ecosystems is restricted. Reducing agricultural N loading in the Gulf of Mexico by 45% (a) increases loading in the Chesapeake Bay and Western Lake Erie by 4.2% and 5.5%, respectively, and (b) results in annual surplus losses of $7.1 and $6.95 billion with and without restrictions on leakage to the Chesapeake Bay and Lake Erie, respectively.
The snow cover is more important than other climatic variables on the prediction of vegetation dynamics in the Pyrenees (1981–2014)
Authors: Alonso-González Esteban , Ilzarbe-Senosiain Itsaso , Lopez-Moreno Juan Ignacio , Lucas-Borja Manuel Esteban , Vicente-Serrano Sergio M , Beguería Santiago , Gascoin Simon
Published: May 2024

The dynamics of the mountain vegetation is governed by multiple climatic drivers including temperature, precipitation, radiation and snow cover variability. However, in the Mediterranean environment, little is known about the relative importance of each variable. In this study we assess how different snowpack indices (the maximum annual accumulation, the length of the snow season, and the melt-out date) and key climate variables (precipitation, temperature and shortwave solar radiation) control the interannual variability of the maximum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (peak NDVI) in the Pyrenees. We use a 33 year long remote sensing dataset (1981–2014) to build a statistical model relating the annual peak NDVI with snow and climate variables. In elevated areas characterized by a well developed seasonal snowpack the melt-out date was the most important climatic variable for predicting the annual peak NDVI. However, at lower elevations where snow presence is ephemeral, shortwave solar radiation was the most important variable. This change in the relative importance of climatic variables occurs around 1300 m a.s.l. The results do not show a significant contribution of maximum snow accumulation, suggesting that indicators of snow presence (i.e. melt-out date or snow season duration), which are significantly easier to obtain than snow mass indicators from remote sensing, could be used to model the influence of the snowpack on peak NDVI at regional scale.
Effect of forest betel leaf extract (Piper aduncum L.) from various altitudes on the mortality of fall armyworm (S. frugiperda J.E. Smith) in the laboratory
Authors: Rustam R , Utami A R
Published: May 2024

S. frugiperda pests can attack corn plants in the vegetative and generative phases, resulting in yield losses ranging from 15% to 73%. Forest betel plant (P. aduncum L.) is one type of plant that can be used effectively as a botanical pesticide to control these pests. The effectiveness of a plant as a source of botanical insecticide is influenced by the ecology, geography, and climate where the plant grows. This study aimed to obtain the best and most effective forest betel leaf extract from various growing heights against S. frugiperda mortality. The research was conducted at the Plant Pest Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University, from April to June 2023, using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of three treatments and six replicates. Application of forest betel leaf extract at different altitudes above sea level, namely 200 meters, 500 meters, and 800 meters. The results showed that the difference in altitude significantly affected the mortality of S. frugiperda. Forest betel leaf extract from 200 meters above sea level was the best treatment for controlling armyworm pests, with a total mortality of 96.67%.
Incidence of the tussock moth attack: Issue, crop damages and management strategies to support sustainable oil palm plantation
Authors: Hendarjanti H
Published: May 2024

The problem of insect pests in the palm oil industry has shown a considerable shift during the second decade of the twenty-first century due to ecosystem and technological changes. The interaction between palm oil as a host plant and the behaviour of insect pests undergoes an adaptation process. Defoliating insects of oil palm in Central Kalimantan, at certain times, experience explosions, such as the tussock moth species Dasychira inclusa (Walker, 1856) and Calliteara horsfieldii (Saunders, 1851). Several factors led to the tussock moth explosion, including environmental factors, human resources, and management strategies. The percentage of crop damage caused by the tussock moths from mild, moderate, severe to very severe categories was 43.48%, 15.57%, 21.74% and 10.87%. The tussock moth outbreak is giving rise to restoration efforts to keep the ecosystem balance in the landscape back to normal. Efforts to maintain ecosystem balance through regular and accurate monitoring, introducing and withdrawing beneficial insects, and planting proper plant vegetation. This action is one of the keys to dealing with small pest outbreaks or significant pests. Ultimately, a diversified ecosystem provides more crop protection opportunities.
Geographical distribution, population density, and fruit damage due to pest, Silba adipata McAlpine (Diptera: Lochaeidae) on cayenne pepper in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Yuliadhi K A , Merta I N M , Suriani N L , Susila I W
Published: May 2024

Cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L). is one of the leading vegetable plants in Bali. The black fruit fly is a new pest species that strips fruit before it is ripe. Initially, the symptoms of fruit dropping were caused by fruit flies of the Bactrocera dorsalis (Tephritidae), however, preliminary survey results showed that the type of pest that attacked was the black fruit fly Silba adipata from the Lonchaidae family. This study aims to determine distribution, population density, and fruit damage caused by Silba sp. in Bali. Field research was carried out in nine districts/city in Bali. Meanwhile, laboratory research was carried out at the Integrated Pest Management Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University. The results showed that the S. adipata pest has spread evenly throughout all districts/city in Bali. The highest population was found in the Bangli district, with 22.09 individuals per plant, and the lowest population was found in Denpasar city, with 1.92 individuals per plant. Altiduinally, the highest population density was in altitude areas between 500-750 m above sea level. The highest percentage of attack and damage to small chilies due to fly attack was in Bangli at 41.33%, and the lowest was found in Denpasar City.
Effect of abamectin and profenofos insecticide on stingless bee, Tetragonula laeviceps Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
Authors: Mubin N , Nurvaidah R , Kusdiandini N R , Audia B H , Dadang
Published: May 2024

Pollinators such as the bee Tetragonula laeviceps Smith are essential components of ecosystems that provide services to plants. However, the massive use of pesticides in crops can affect the existence of pollinating bees and even cause a decrease in bee populations in the field. This study aimed to determine the effect of abamectin and profenofos insecticides on T. laeviceps. The methods used in the test were bee attractiveness bioassay, toxicity test of dermal application (topical and residual), and oral application with the abamectin and profenofos. The results of the bioassay showed that bees were more attracted to the aroma of the insecticide abamectin 180 ppm than profenofos 1500 ppm. The recommended concentrations of abamectin and profenofos in the field were 180 and 1500 ppm, respectively, so this topical and oral application showed a high level of danger to bees because it can kill >80% of bees. The LD50 values of the insecticides abamectin (0.0064 ppm) and profenofos (0.0345 ppm) were classified as highly toxic based on EPA classification. Therefore, insecticides with active ingredients, particularly abamectin and profenofos, are harmful to T. laeviceps.
Simple circuit and experimental proposal for the detection of gauge-waves
Authors: Minotti F , Modanese G
Published: May 2024

Aharonov-Bohm electrodynamics predicts the existence of traveling waves of pure potentials, with zero electromagnetic fields, denoted as gauge waves, or g-waves for short. In general, these waves cannot be shielded by matter since their lack of electromagnetic fields prevents the material from reacting to them. However, a not-locally-conserved electric current present in the material does interact with the potentials in the wave, giving the possibility of its detection. In [1] the basic theoretical description of a detecting circuit was presented, based on a phenomenological theory of materials that can sustain not-locally-conserved electric currents. In the present work we discuss how that circuit can be built in practice, and used for the effective detection of g-waves.
Femtosecond laser ultrafast photothermal exsolution
Authors: Xu Lurun , Tao Jingchao , Li Zhuguo , He Guo , Zhang Dongshi
Published: May 2024

Exsolution, as an effective approach to constructing particle-decorated interfaces, is still challenging to yield interfacial films rather than isolated particles. Inspired by in vivo near-infrared laser photothermal therapy, using 3 mol% Y2O3 stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y-TZP) as host oxide matrix and iron-oxide (Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3/α-Fe2O3) materials as photothermal modulator and exsolution resource, femtosecond laser ultrafast exsolution approach is presented enabling to conquer this challenge. The key is to trigger photothermal annealing behavior via femtosecond laser ablation to initialize phase transition from monoclinic zirconia (m-ZrO2) to tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO2) and induce t-ZrO2 columnar crystal growth. Fe-ions rapidly segregate along grain boundaries and diffuse towards the outmost surface, and become ‘frozen’, highlighting the potential to use photothermal materials and ultrafast heating/quenching behaviors of femtosecond laser ablation for interfacial exsolution. Triggering interfacial iron-oxide coloring exsolution is composition and concentration dependent. Photothermal materials themselves and corresponding photothermal transition capacity play a crucial role, initializing at 2 wt%, 3 wt%, and 5 wt% for Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3/α-Fe2O3 doped 3Y-TZP samples. Due to different photothermal effects, exsolution states of ablated 5 wt% Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3/α-Fe2O3-doped 3Y-TZP samples are totally different, with whole coverage, exhaustion (ablated away) and partial exsolution (rich in the grain boundaries in subsurface), respectively. Femtosecond laser ultrafast photothermal exsolution is uniquely featured by up to now the deepest microscale (10 μm from 5 wt%-Fe3O4-3Y-TZP sample) Fe-elemental deficient layer for exsolution and the whole coverage of exsolved materials rather than the formation of isolated exsolved particles by other methods. It is believed that this novel exsolution method may pave a good way to modulate interfacial properties for extensive applications in the fields of biology, optics/photonics, energy, catalysis, environment, etc.
On a nonlinear diffussive model for the evolution of cells within a moving domain
Authors: Thorsen Tessa , Trivisa Konstantina
Published: May 2024

We investigate the dynamics of a nonlinear model describing the motion of cells under the effect of porous-medium diffusion and transport and in the presence of nutrient and drug application. The momentum equation for the evolution of the velocity field is governed by Darcy’s law, while the evolution of the chemical attractant (nutrient or drug) is governed by a diffusion equation. The system evolves within a moving domain in

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3

\mathbb {R}^3

accounting for the expansion or shrinkage of the tumor. The global existence of weak solutions is established with the aid of a regularized approximating scheme and an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) mapping for the motion of the tumor. This work provides a variational framework suitable for both analysis and simulations.
Camillo Golgi
Authors: Mazzarello Paolo
Published: May 2024

Camillo Golgi (1843–1926), a physician and researcher from Lombardy, was a leading figure in Italian science in the second half of the 19th century. His name is linked to several fundamental contributions: the invention of the “black reaction,” a method that made it possible to highlight, for the first time in history, the fine structure of the central nervous system; the discovery of the Golgi apparatus or complex, one of the fundamental components of the cell; the discovery of the perineural net (an extracellular matrix meshwork that wrap around some neurons with important physiological functions); the identification of the Golgi tendon organ (a proprioceptor that senses tension from the muscle); and the description of the malaria plasmodium cycle in the “tertian” and “quartan” forms of the disease with the identification of the correspondence between the multiplication of the parasite and febrile access (Golgi law). These are major scientific contributions that have profoundly changed basic areas of biology and medicine. To these must be added many other minor contributions that alone could have qualified the reputation of any researcher.
Nationalism, Liberation, and Decolonization in Cabo Verde and Guinea-Bissau
Authors: Amado Abel Djassi
Published: May 2024

Guinea-Bissau represents Africa’s only successful anticolonial liberation struggle through a well-adjusted combination of constant mobilization of the population, armed struggle, and active diplomatic engagement with foreign actors. The 1950s represented a boom of anticolonial nationalism in Guinea-Bissau and Cabo Verde, like for most West African states. Inspired also by the long tradition of resistance and the labor of public intellectuals in the process of imagining the nation, anticolonial nationalism in Cabo Verde and Guinea-Bissau developed in the Bissau-Dakar-Conakry axis. These three cities—chiefly the last two, where a vibrant diasporic community of Cabo Verdeans and Guineans lived—formed the main arenas of political action.

Though several liberation movements appeared on the Guinean political scene in the late 1950s and early 1960s, the actual liberation movement was almost entirely carried out by the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cabo Verde (PAIGC). Given its binational inclination, the PAIGC engaged in a grueling struggle in the two territories. While plans were drawn to open a new battlefront in Cabo Verde in the 1960s, political and military pragmatism dictated that the liberation struggle in Guinea-Bissau could serve the purposes of liberating the two lands. In 1973, under PAIGC, Guinea-Bissau unilaterally declared independence, which was recognized by more than eighty states, causing another major blow to the eroding dictatorial regime in Lisbon that eventually fell on April 25, 1974. Pressured by PAIGC, the new regime in Portugal would subsequently accept the recognition of the independence of Guinea-Bissau and the right of Cabo Verde to self-determination and autonomy, paving the way to its independence on July 5, 1975.
African Music in the Global African Diaspora
Authors: DjeDje Jacqueline Cogdell
Published: May 2024

When researching music in the African diaspora, most scholars concentrate on the Americas and the transatlantic slave trade, which has been a trend since inquiries began during the mid twentieth century. Only since the late twentieth century have researchers started to consider musical repercussions from the involuntary and voluntary migration of Africans in the Indian Ocean and Mediterranean. Using historical and musical secondary sources, the essay, African Music in the Global African Diaspora, devotes special attention to musicking during the enslavement of Black people in the Indian Ocean, Mediterranean, and Atlantic Ocean worlds. In addition to a concise history of slavery and the enslaved, a description of instruments, musical traditions, performance practices, and meaning is presented for each diaspora. The degree that musical elements identified with Africa were retained and/or transformed, resulting in a fusion or blending of performance practices, is also explored. Because no single publication, heretofore, has focused on African music in the global African diaspora, the study fills a significant void in the literature and presents a more comprehensive view of the dispersion of African music inworld culture. The outcome provides a broader analysis and understanding of the power and impact of African music globally.
Macroeconomic Announcement Premium
Authors: Ai Hengjie , Bansal Ravi , Guo Hongye
Published: May 2024

The macroeconomic announcement premium refers to the fact that a large fraction of the equity market risk premium is realized on a small number of trading days with significant macroeconomic announcements. Examples include monetary policy announcements by the Federal Open Market Committee, unemployment/non-farm payroll reports, the Producer Price Index published by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the gross domestic product reported by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. During the period 1961–2023, roughly 44 days per year with macroeconomic announcements account for more than 71% of the aggregate equity market risk compensation.

The existence of the macroeconomic announcement premium has important implications for modeling risk preferences in economics and finance. It provides strong support for non-expected utility analysis. The study of Ai and Bansal demonstrates that the existence of the macroeconomic announcement premium implies that investors’ preferences cannot have an expected utility representation and must satisfy generalized risk sensitivity, a property shared by many non-expected utility models such as the maxmin expected utility of Gilboa and Schmeidler, the recursive utility of Epstein and Zin, and the robust control preference of Hansen and Sargent.

Because the amount of risk compensation is proportional to the magnitude of variations in marginal utility, the macroeconomic announcement premium highlights information as the most important driver of marginal utility. This observation has profound implications for many economic analyses that rely on modeling either time-series variation or cross-sectional heterogeneity in marginal utility across agents, such as consumption risk sharing, the trade-off between equality and efficiency, exchange rate variations, and so on. The link between macroeconomic policy announcements and financial market risk compensation is an important direction for future research.