bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of effects in the social rehabilitation of socially maladjusted girls based on individualized education and therapy programs
Authors: Siemionow Justyna
Published: March 2020

In the article, I present the findings of a qualitative research study conducted in a juvenile rehabilitation facility for girls among teaching staff with different length of service. Data from group interviews with the teaching staff were analyzed. The study aimed to analyze the teaching staff's statements regarding their understanding of effects in the social rehabilitation of juveniles. The study covered seven focus groups. The conclusions from the study show that the teaching staff in the juvenile rehabilitation facility can identify the effects of the social rehabilitation process and equate them with desirable (prosocial) changes in the juveniles’ behavior - these changes are not always consolidated but identifiable enough for the teachers to be able to continue working on them, which is an effect as well according to the participants. The juveniles’ academic achievements and behavior changes relating to observing the rules of the facility and performing their duties are the effects of social rehabilitation listed most frequently by the participants. According to the participants, the effects related to changes in the juveniles’ developing personalities are more difficult to determine and need definitely more time to be achieved. The participants also point to the key role of the feedback on changes in behavior the juveniles are provided with, which promotes further, more complex changes, such as, for example, the juveniles’ higher self-esteem. According to the participants, Individualized Education and Therapy Programs are an important tool in their work and make it easier for them to identify the outcomes and set goals in ongoing interventions. The participants of the study are aware that numerous factors contribute to the effect of social rehabilitation work and it cannot be analyzed from the angle of individual indicators.
Excessive body weight versus physical fitness in adults with moderate and severe intellectual disabilities
Authors: Gawlik Krystyna , Zwierzchowska Anna , Rosołek Barbara , Celebańska Diana , Franusz Georgina
Published: March 2020

An increasing number of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) are characterized by an excess of body weight. The impact of overweight and obesity on motor skills in this population is ambiguous. The study aimed to review the impact of overweight and obesity on the physical fitness of adults with intellectual disabilities. The study covered 128 people with ID: 70 women (W) and 58 men (M); 62 people with moderate intellectual disabilities and 66 people with severe intellectual disabilities. The following measurements were taken: body mass (BM), body height (BH), and waist circumference (WC). BMI was calculated. The physical fitness level was assessed with the Eurofit Special test. Obesity and overweight were found in 37% and 24% of W and 39% and 22% of M respectively; in 40% and 17% of people with moderate ID and 36% and 28% of people with severe ID respectively. Significant negative correlations between speed and BMI and WC, and between core muscle strength and WC were found in women. In men, negative correlations were found: between core muscle strength and BM, BMI, and WC; between flexibility and BM, BMI, and WC; between lower extremity muscle strength and BMI and WC; and between balance and BMI. Further, obese men had significantly lower scores compared to the normal weight sample in the following tests: balance (T1), lower extremity muscle strength (T2), speed (T4), and core muscle strength (T6). The study showed a relationship between obesity and scores in physical fitness tests. More relationships were found in men than women and in people with severe ID than moderate ID.
Effectiveness of the use of mini-microphones for the treatment of children with cochlear implants - A multicenter study
Authors: Bieńkowska Katarzyna Ita , Babula Katarzyna , Lewczuk-Siliwoniuk Magdalena , Demiańczuk Małgorzata , Kasica Katarzyna , Kasica Barbara , Kolanowska Agnieszka , Gawłowska Maria Bratumiła , Mickiewicz Patrycja , Jedlińska Agnieszka
Published: March 2020

The majority of children with hearing loss, thanks to screening programs, early fitting with hearing aids, and early therapeutic interventions, develop speech well enough to attend preschool along with their hearing peers. These preschool programs often take place in adverse acoustic conditions. In a study conducted on 25 children with hearing impairments aged 3 to 8 years (mean 5.9) – cochlear implant users – the therapeutic and educational effectiveness of the use of an additional hearing assistive device (mini wireless microphone) was tested. The results obtained confirmed the positive impact of the use of the device in additionally aiding hearing abilities in the areas of response to sound, sound localization, and quality of hearing.
Materiały dydaktyczne CIOP-PIB wspierające kształcenie w dziedzinie bezpieczeństwa i higieny pracy
Authors: Taradejna-Nawrath Beata
Published: March 2020

Ważnym elementem procesu dydaktycznego są materiały dydaktyczne wykorzystywane do realizacji programu kształcenia. Powinny być one opracowane tak, aby spełniały podstawowe zadania i funkcje dydaktyczne. Przede wszystkim powinny dostarczać nowej wiedzy z danej dziedziny, porządkować ją, utrwalać i angażować poznawczo. Dobrze opracowane materiały dydaktyczne pełnią funkcję motywacyjną. Rozwijają sferę emocjonalną, kształtują zainteresowania i pozytywne nastawienie do uczenia się. Drugą ważną funkcją jest funkcja informacyjna, odpowiedzialna za zaznajamianie z nowymi treściami. Dzięki niej materiały dydaktyczne wzbogacają zasób wiedzy nie tylko za pomocą tekstu, ale także innych odpowiednio dobranych treści. Trzecia funkcja – ćwiczeniowa polega na kształtowaniu nawyków i umiejętności. Ułatwia zrozumienie, zapamiętywanie i posługiwanie się wiedzą w praktyce. Odpowiada za utrwalanie i ocenę uzyskiwanych wyników.
Cuidados paliativos providos por médicos de família e comunidade na atenção primária à saúde brasileira
Authors: Wassmansdorf Mattos Caroline , D'Agostini Derech Rodrigo
Published: March 2020

Introdução: A necessidade de cuidados paliativos aumentou no âmbito da atenção primária à saúde (APS) do Brasil. Objetivos: Caracterizar a prática de cuidados paliativos providos por médicos de família e comunidade na atenção primária brasileira. Métodos: Estudo transversal e descritivo. Médicos de família e comunidade da APS do Brasil responderam a um questionário autoaplicável, com perguntas envolvendo os oito domínios das diretrizes do National Consensus Project for Quality Palliative Care. Resultados: Foram analisadas 87 respostas de médicos de família de 34 cidades brasileiras. A maioria dos entrevistados (92%) não teve uma disciplina de cuidados paliativos na graduação. Existe pouca utilização de ferramentas validadas para análise da dor e funcionalidade dos pacientes. Há pouca disponibilidade de equipe multidisciplinar capacitada na APS. Existe deficiência na comunicação do profissional com os pacientes e familiares. Há pouca disponibilidade de medicamentos para controle sintomático de dor e dispneia em pacientes sob cuidados paliativos na APS. Conclusão: Existe certa provisão de cuidados paliativos na APS brasileira, porém com insuficiência. Dificuldades na formação médica, pouca disponibilidade de insumos e material humano podem dificultar um melhor provimento de cuidados paliativos na APS brasileira.
Apresentação - Dossiê: Conferência de Puebla: 40 anos
Authors: Souza Carlos Frederico Barboza de
Published: March 2020

Apresentação - Dossiê: Conferência de Puebla: 40 anos
Catequese em Puebla: teologias em conflito
Authors: Carmo Solange Maria do
Published: March 2020

Desde Medellín, a catequese seguira afirmando a absoluta unidade entre a história humana e a história da salvação, pois compreendeu que é, na situação humana concreta, que Deus se revela. Em Puebla, porém, essa convicção se mostra abalada. No capítulo reservado à catequese, transparece subliminarmente um conflito de teologias, marcado pela presença de alguns paralelismos antitéticos, tais como situação humana e doutrina revelada; catequese de situação e catequese doutrinal, memorismo e ausência de memória. No saudosismo de uma catequese que não se descuide da doutrina em prol da práxis cristã, esconde-se uma tensão teológica. Nem todo o episcopado de Puebla estava convicto que os caminhos mais humanos são exatamente os mais divinos; nem todos comungavam da afirmação que Deus se diz na história humana e nela toma partido dos empobrecidos e sofredores. Por meio do estudo do Documento de Catequese (item 3 do capítulo 3 das Conclusões de Puebla), este artigo quer mostrar a coexistência de duas teologias na Conferência Episcopal Latino-americana de 1979: uma mais cristoderivada, na esteira de Medellín, que favorece a eclesiologia Povo de Deus, com valorização de todo batizado e de sua realidade cotidiana; outra, mais teoderivada, que possibilita a eclesiologia Corpo de Cristo, que compreende a Igreja como uma sociedade perfeita, hierarquicamente organizada, independente dos caminhos da humanidade.
Much Ado About Little: A Critical Review of the Employer Branding Concept
Authors: Behrends Thomas , Baur Maren , Zierke Larissa
Published: March 2020

Within the past ten to fifteen years the concept of Employer Branding (EB) has established itself as a widely known and highly regarded concept especially among Human Resource Management practitioners. In many organizations the development, implementation and communication of a distinctive and unique employer brand is meanwhile considered an important building block for gaining a competitive advantage in the so called “war for talent”. The paper at hand aims at critically exploring the conceptual foundations of employer branding by reviewing an extensive body of EB-literature consisting of standard references, scientific journal articles, textbooks as well as practitioner-oriented literature. This review reveals several general weaknesses, discrepancies and “blind spots” which cannot simply be attributed to some few single publications but rather call for a skeptical look upon the whole concept of employer branding itself. In conclusion the authors assert that the employer branding concept widely lacks innovative novelty as well as content-related persuasiveness. It should therefore be regarded as neither more nor less than a contemporary remake of what is and has for quite some time been well known as “Internal Marketing” or “HR Marketing”.
Relevance of Max Weber’s Rational Bureaucratic Organizations in Modern Society
Authors: Dash Sanket Sunand , Padhi Mousumi
Published: March 2020

Despite evolution of management thought, Max Weber’s theory of bureaucracy continues to be a classical theory whose prescriptive elements guide the nature of organizations and their structures and processes. In the wake of information, communication and technological revolution which is reshaping the structure and processes in modern day organizations, the paper re-examines the basic premises and constructs of Max Weber’s rational bureaucratic organizations and their relevance today. Weber’s contribution to social sciences in general and organization studies in particular, is both methodological as well as empirical. The paper discusses the context in which Max Weber originally propounded his theory. In so doing, the paper also draws similarities of his theory with that proposed by other management thinkers of his time. Few examples of modern-day organizations and also different cross-national contexts are examined to discuss the present-day relevance of Weber’s postulates. It is suggested that despite the ever-present portents of its demise, bureaucracy will continue to guide the dominant form of organizations in the near future because of its inherent rational character.
Leaders' Perspective of Millennial Employees in the Central & Eastern European Advertising Industry
Authors: Majer Marko
Published: March 2020

This study focuses on leaders’ perception of their Millennial employees in advertising agencies within Central and Eastern Europe. Millennials are popularly associated with laziness, entitlement and narcissism, which can seemingly manifest in undesired attitudes to work. A qualitative research, based on semi-structured interviews with leaders in advertising agencies provided rich data to confront the perceived stereotypes from their perspective. Young individuals in advertising are predominantly well-informed and ambitious, benefiting from their technological savvy as digital natives. In this self-selected group their work informs the lifestyle, and success seems to be manifested through social media rather than the display of material goods. The study challenges simplified stereotypes and contributes to under-researched segments of Millennials in the advertising industry and CEE.
Incremental or radical development? A dynamic approach to organisational changes and growth of Hungarian ICT SMEs
Authors: Perényi Áron , Trąpczyński Piotr
Published: March 2020

This paper explores the dynamics of organisational change by building on firm life-cycle theory. Extant research assumed that the development of firms follows a certain sequence of stages. Based on the life-cycle model, this study evaluates the speed and extent of changes in organisational characteristics and firm growth during the development of ICT SMEs in Hungary. Hypotheses are tested using multivariate statistical methods. Results show that stagnant firms are not significantly different from the ones undergoing incremental changes, but significant growth coincides with radical organisational changes. Our findings highlight that team-based decision making, complex organisational structures and sophisticated information systems coincide with firm growth.
A Decade of Impact: A JEEMS Bibliometric Science Map
Authors: Notes Research
Published: March 2020

This bibliometric research note analyses the impact of the Journal of East European Management Studies (JEEMS) since its SSCI indexation. We analyse 91 papers in English, showing that most papers are country and/or case specific, with a large majority of papers associated with the international business discipline. The strongest contributions have been made to the general international business literature and the literature on corporate social responsibility, as well as culture studies. We identify several gaps and outline future research directions.
Employees‘ Perception of CSR in a Specific Post-Socialist Context: The Case of Serbia
Authors: Vuković Andrea , Miletić Ljiljana Z. , Ćurčić Radmila , Ničić Milica , Mitrović Nenad
Published: March 2020

Perception of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) forms relating to perception of company performance was analysed for Serbia. Questionnaire-based research was conducted with employees from public, private and multinational companies. Employees` age was indicator of socialist experience. Different perception of CSR forms from those in Carrol`s pyramid was observed, as well as between endogenous CSR forms of the socialist period and exogenous from the open market economies. Results indicate economic and legal forms are perceived more expressed, regardless of companies` management, than ethical and discretional. Endogenous ethical CSR are perceived less expressed than exogenous. Unexpectedly, socialist experience did not significantly influence perception, regardless of companies` management and CSR forms.
The impact of promoting intergenerational synergy on the work engagement of older employees in Slovenia
Authors: Rožman Maja , Treven Sonja , Čančer Vesna
Published: March 2020

Generational differences present a new aspect of diversity among employees in the workplace. The increasing number of older employees and negative attitudes of younger employees toward them create the need for better understanding between generations and the need to improve mutual cooperation among age-diverse employees in an organisation. The main objective of the paper is to determine the impact of intergenerational synergy on the work engagement of older employees in Slovenia. For this purpose, empirical research was conducted in medium-sized and large companies among employers and older employees in Slovenia. Factor analysis was used to replace a large number of statements with a smaller number of factors - new variables with which we performed a simple linear regression. Based on the results, we confirmed the hypothesis that promoting intergenerational synergy in companies has a statistically significant positive impact on the work engagement of older employees in Slovenia. In this context, companies should take the following measures: eliminate discrimination of older employees, promote intergenerational synergy, and promote intergenerational understanding between young and older employees.
Handeln vor der Katastrophe als politische Herausforderung
Authors: Prokopf Christine
Published: March 2020

How do we as a society cope with future hazards? In an increasing number of German policy areas, ‘risk’ is a key term in important policy documents. Risk may then give rise to the idea of risk governance, which implies the analysis, assessment and management of risks in a sustained societal process. This conceptualisation of risk governance allows us to normatively focus political action on disaster prevention instead of on coping with disasters after they have occurred. This study analyses policy translation from an international to a national level in terms of the EU flood risk management directive, the approach to risk analysis used by the German Federal Agency for civil protection and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction to find out if the potential of risk governance is being exploited and how extensively responsibility is being transferred from the state to citizens in this process. Finally, the author concludes that several important factors hinder a normative shift towards disaster prevention.
Die Akzeptanz des Stromnetzausbaus
Authors: Roth Katrin
Published: March 2020

Die interdisziplinäre Arbeit widmet sich der Frage, ob mithilfe der vom Gesetzgeber zur Steigerung der Akzeptanz eingeführten gesetzlichen Instrumente entlang des neuen Planungs- und Genehmigungsregimes für den Ausbau des Stromübertragungsnetzes tatsächlich eine Steigerung von Akzeptanz in der Öffentlichkeit erreicht werden kann.

Dabei geht die Arbeit in zweifacher Hinsicht neue Wege: Zum einen werden theoretische und empirische Forschungsergebnisse der Sozial- und Umweltpsychologie für den rechtswissenschaftlichen Diskurs erschlossen um die Merkmale und Voraussetzungen von Akzeptanz als psychologisches Phänomen zu ermitteln. Zum anderen wird mithilfe der Erkenntnisse aus der „juristischen Feldforschung“ eine realistische Perspektive auf die Verfahrenspraxis in die Untersuchung eingebaut. Gemessen an dem psychologischen Maßstab und unter Beachtung der Verfahrensrealität zeigt sich, dass die gesetzlichen Regelungen dem Ziel der Akzeptanzsteigerung teilweise sogar zuwider laufen.
Die Berücksichtigung außerwettbewerblicher Interessen in der Fusionskontrolle
Authors: Fries Lukas
Published: March 2020

Die Ministererlaubnis nach § 42 GWB stellt seit jeher ein umstrittenes Gesetzesinstrument dar, mit dem Unternehmen einen Zusammenschluss trotz wettbewerblicher Bedenken genehmigen lassen können, sofern „gesamtwirtschaftliche Vorteile“ oder „überragende Interessen der Allgemeinheit“ die festgestellten Nachteile überwiegen.

Die Untersuchung arbeitet das Ministererlaubnisverfahren umfangreich auf. Einen Schwerpunkt stellen die Neuerungen dar, die im Rahmen der 9. GWB-Novelle vorgenommen wurden. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob das Institut der Ministererlaubnis einer umfangreichen Reform bedarf oder ob punktuelle Änderungen zielführender sind. Zu diesem Zweck werden Änderungsvorschläge aus Politik und Wissenschaft untersucht.

Die Arbeit zeigt, dass es trotz bestehender Gefahren nach wie vor ein Bedürfnis für die ausnahmsweise Berücksichtigung außerwettbewerblicher Interessen in der Fusionskontrolle gibt und die Vorschrift ein notwendiges Korrektiv des reinen Wettbewerbs darstellt.
Gesundheitsversorgung bei koronarer Herzerkrankung mit psychischer Komorbidität
Authors: Köstler Ursula
Published: March 2020

Current guidelines on the prevention of patients with coronary heart disease recommend screening for mental comorbidities (depression, anxiety, cognitive dysfunction) in order to establish the appropriate diagnosis for and treatment of comorbid mental disorders. So far, there is no empirical evidence that the guidelines are being implemented by practitioners. This prospective, multi-method cross-sectional study on health services research uses a qualitative design to interview patients, relatives and practitioners. Treatments, potential barriers and the quality of care for patients with coronary heart disease are analysed. The results show that the degree of implementation of the guidelines is low. Improvements in medical and social care towards patient-centred care point to a changed role of the general practitioner in the care of this patient group.
Assessment of the CHIRPS-Based Satellite Precipitation Estimates
Authors: Paredes-Trejo Franklin , Alves Barbosa Humberto , Venkata Lakshmi Kumar Tumuluru , Kumar Thakur Manoj , de Oliveira Buriti Catarina
Published: March 2020

At present, satellite rainfall products, such as the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) product, have become an alternative source of rainfall data for regions where rain gauge stations are sparse, e.g., Northeast Brazil (NEB). In this study, continuous scores (i.e., Pearson’s correlation coefficient, R; percentage bias, PBIAS; and unbiased root mean square error, ubRMSE) and categorical scores (i.e., probability of detection, POD; false alarm ratio, FAR; and threat score, TS) were used to assess the CHIRPS rainfall estimates against ground-based observations on a pixel-to-station basis, during 01 January 1981 to 30 June 2019 over NEB. Results showed that CHIRPS exhibits better performance in inland regions (R, PBIAS, and ubRMSE median: 0.51, −3.71%, and 9.20 mm/day; POD, FAR, and TS median: 0.59, 0.44, and 0.40, respectively) than near the coast (R, PBIAS, and ubRMSE median: 0.36, −5.66%, and 12.43 mm/day; POD, FAR, and TS median: 0.32, 0.42, and 0.26, respectively). It shows better performance in the wettest months (i.e., DJF) than in the driest months (i.e., JJA) and is sensitive to both the warm-top stratiform cloud systems and the sub-cloud evaporation processes. Overall, the CHIRPS rainfall data set could be used for some operational purposes in NEB.
Implantation cochléaire et régulation juridique des relations entre les sourds et la médecine de l’oreille dans les années 1990 et 2000. L’exemple de deux associations françaises de défense des sourds
Authors: Vennetier Soline
Published: March 2020

L’histoire de l’implant cochléaire depuis les années 1970 est caractérisée par la présence d’une controverse scientifique, éthique, politique et anthropologique. Combinant développements récents de la sociologie du droit et études socio-historiques sur les mobilisations collectives des sourds, nous proposons d’analyser la manière dont les sourds français se sont collectivement saisis de l’outil juridique pour défendre leurs revendications dans le champ de la santé et de la médecine en général, et contre l’implant cochléaire en particulier. Pour cela, nous étudierons les deux associations de sourds qui portèrent les mobilisations autour de l’implant cochléaire en France – les Sourds en Colère (1993-1997) et l’Association de Défense des Personnes Implantées Cochléaires (ADPIC, depuis 2007) – en montrant, d’une part, l’évolution de la nature et la composition de ces associations, et d’autre part, le changement dans le recours qu’elles font du droit; nous verrons que ces transformations vont de pair avec certaines qualifications de la surdité et de l’implant cochléaire. Si, dans les années 1990, l’association des Sourds en Colère mobilise le droit de la santé publique dans sa lutte contre l’implant cochléaire qualifié comme une expérimentation médicale, l’ADPIC qui, dans un nouveau contexte médical, juridique et militant se définit dix ans plus tard comme une association de victimes réclamant réparation, évolue vers le domaine des droits humains et présente l’implantation comme une violation de l’intégrité physique de la personne sourde. Ces différentes qualifications constituent, plus profondément, autant de manières d’interroger la définition de la surdité, le handicap et l’acte médical réadaptatif.
Negotiating Care: Living Arrangements and Adults with Cognitive Disabilities in South Brazil1,2
Authors: Fietz Helena
Published: March 2020

Assisted Living for adults with disabilities is a recent subject inboth Brazilian legislation and public debates. Although stillstigmatized by the idea that those who seek different livingarrangements for their children would be abandoning them, the concernwith both the autonomy of people with disabilities and the well-beingof the caregivers has prompted this theme to gain force in public andprivate spheres. Drawing from an ethnographic work with mothers ofadults with cognitive disabilitiesy from Porto Alegre, Brazil, whoconstituted a group to demand governmental action regarding assistedliving facilities, I propose a reflection on how such plea enables afurther discussion on the way disability and care are enacted. I arguethat by thinking of their trajectories through the care practices theyentail, one can track the moralities surrounding their experience ofmotherhood and how they are telling of the way disability is dealt within this specific time and place. Situating their claim within broaderdebates on institutionalization, I stress how their plea cannot beunderstood without a critical stand on ableism and the invisibility anddevaluation of care work.
An Uplifting Memento
Authors: Modonese Alexander
Published: March 2020

The following short text will explore the professional challenges faced by Mr. Davood Salimi, an Iranian immigrant who suffers from hearing, memory, and coordination issues. At Salimi’s request, the name of his medical condition will not be disclosed. The article will provide readers with a basic summary of Salimi’s biographical information, such as his professional qualifications, and explain the tragic circumstances which led to the development of his medical condition. The invaluable career assistance which AIM CROIT provided for Salimi will also be briefly discussed. In addition, the founding of this organisation and its many accomplishments will be succinctly explained. Finally, the article will conclude with a summary of Salimi’s future career goals and his advice for other individuals who suffer from disabilities.
Le rôle des herbivores vertébrés sur la dynamique des communautés végétales au Nunavik
Authors: Ropars Pascale , Simard Martin , Boudreau Stéphane
Published: March 2020

Les changements environnementaux influencent la végétation nordique, mais également les herbivores qui s’en nourrissent. Comme ces changements s’accentueront, un état de la situation au Nunavik (Québec, Canada) devient nécessaire. Nous discutons ici de l’influence qu’exercent les herbivores vertébrés sur les communautés végétales, et décrivons l’état des populations des deux principales espèces d’herbivores de cette guilde au Nunavik. Réparti en deux troupeaux, le caribou migrateur (Rangifer tarandus) est un élément structurant des écosystèmes du Nunavik. À forte densité, il peut réduire la productivité végétale dans son aire d’estivage et limiter la croissance des espèces consommées. Espèce introduite dans les années 1960, le boeuf musqué (Ovibos moschatus) colonise maintenant l’essentiel des côtes de la région. Quoiqu’il soit connu pour limiter l’expansion arbustive ailleurs dans l’Arctique, l’influence du bovidé au Nunavik demeure marginale jusqu’à maintenant. Sauf pour la bernache du Canada (Branta canadensis) qui niche en grandes colonies, l’influence des autres herbivores vertébrés sur les communautés végétales sera vraisemblablement localisée. L’augmentation du couvert arbustif procure des ressources alimentaires et un abri à diverses espèces qui pourraient voir leur aire de répartition se déplacer vers le nord. Les préférences alimentaires de ces herbivores pourraient moduler la réponse des espèces végétales aux changements climatiques.
An exploration of the effects of low-pressure plasma discharge on the physicochemical properties of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) flour
Authors: Upadhyay Rohit , Thirumdas Rohit , Deshmukh Rajendra R. , Annapure Uday , Misra Nrusimha N.
Published: March 2020

This work explores the preliminary feasibility of employing the low-pressure coldplasma technology for the modification of the properties of chia flour. Chia flour wasexposed to low pressure plasma in air for 5 min, 10 min, and 15 min, at two differentpower levels (40 W and 60 W). The oils extracted from untreated and treated chiaflour were exhaustively characterized for fatty acid composition, nutritional value,and rancidity indices using thermal calorimetric methods (DSC/TGA). The resultsindicated a significant change in the colour of flour with an increase in lightness.Infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy indicated changes in the tocopherol groups ofthe oil extracted from plasma treated chia flour. However, the oil extracted fromplasma treated chia flour revealed a loss of conjugated dienes and formation oftrans-fatty acids as seen in conventional hydrogenation of edible oils. DSC and TGAresults revealed better oxidative stability of low-pressure plasma treated oils thancontrol, which was linked to a relative increase of MUFA in the former.
SPECIFIČNOSTI BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE KAO ODREDNICE DIREKTNIH STRANIH INVESTICIJA
Authors: Baškot Bojan , Grujić Miloš
Published: March 2020

U radu smo predstavili reakcijuzaposlenosti, plata, cijena, industrijske proizvodnje,domaće valute i plata u Bosni i Hercegovini na šokod jedne standardne devijacije koji su izazvaledirektne strane investicije. Koristili smo modelvektorske autoregresije sa znakovnim restrikcijamasprovedenim kroz Uligovu penalizirajuću funkciju.Rezultati pokazuju da posmatrani agregati imajuočekivanu reakciju. Investicije, s obzirom na njihovuprirodu, imaju makroekonomski logične učinke.Potrošnja se nameće kao očigledan kanal preko kogase ostvaruje pozitivna reakcija zaposlenosti, odnosnoplata, koje mogu uslovno da se dovedu u vezu sproduktivnošću rada.
fMRI
Authors: Bandettini Peter A.
Published: March 2020

An accessible introduction to the history, fundamental concepts, challenges, and controversies of the fMRI by one of the pioneers in the field.

The discovery of functional MRI (fMRI) methodology in 1991 was a breakthrough in neuroscience research. This non-invasive, relatively high-speed, and high sensitivity method of mapping human brain activity enabled observation of subtle localized changes in blood flow associated with brain activity. Thousands of scientists around the world have not only embraced fMRI as a new and powerful method that complemented their ongoing studies but have also gone on to redirect their research around this revolutionary technique. This volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series offers an accessible introduction to the history, fundamental concepts, challenges, and controversies of fMRI, written by one of the pioneers in the field.

Peter Bandettini covers the essentials of fMRI, providing insight and perspective from his nearly three decades of research. He describes other brain imaging and assessment methods; the sources of fMRI contrasts; the basic methodology, from hardware to pulse sequences; brain activation experiment design strategies; and data and image processing. A unique, standalone chapter addresses major controversies in the field, outlining twenty-six challenges that have helped shape fMRI research. Finally, Bandettini lays out the four essential pillars of fMRI: technology, methodology, interpretation, and applications. The book can serve as a guide for the curious nonexpert and a reference for both veteran and novice fMRI scientists.
#HashtagActivism
Authors: Jackson Sarah J. , Bailey Moya , Foucault Welles Brooke
Published: March 2020

This “well-researched, nuanced” study of the rise of social media activism explores how marginalized groups use Twitter to advance counter-narratives, preempt political spin, and build diverse networks of dissent. (Ms.)

The power of hashtag activism became clear in 2011, when #IranElection served as an organizing tool for Iranians protesting a disputed election and offered a global audience a front-row seat to a nascent revolution. Since then, activists have used a variety of hashtags, including #JusticeForTrayvon, #BlackLivesMatter, #YesAllWomen, and #MeToo to advocate, mobilize, and communicate. In this book, Sarah Jackson, Moya Bailey, and Brooke Foucault Welles explore how and why Twitter has become an important platform for historically disenfranchised populations, including Black Americans, women, and transgender people. They show how marginalized groups, long excluded from elite media spaces, have used Twitter hashtags to advance counternarratives, preempt political spin, and build diverse networks of dissent.

The authors describe how such hashtags as #MeToo, #SurvivorPrivilege, and #WhyIStayed have challenged the conventional understanding of gendered violence; examine the voices and narratives of Black feminism enabled by #FastTailedGirls, #YouOKSis, and #SayHerName; and explore the creation and use of #GirlsLikeUs, a network of transgender women. They investigate the digital signatures of the “new civil rights movement”—the online activism, storytelling, and strategy-building that set the stage for #BlackLivesMatter—and recount the spread of racial justice hashtags after the killing of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, and other high-profile incidents of killings by police. Finally, they consider hashtag created by allies, including #AllMenCan and #CrimingWhileWhite.

Read the full book for free on MIT Press Direct: https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/10858.001.0001
Capital Markets Union and Beyond
Authors: Allen Franklin , Faia Ester , Haliassos Michael , Pietrancosta Alain
Published: March 2020

Experts from economics, finance, law, policy, and banking discuss the design and implementation of a future capital market union in Europe.

The plan for further development of Europe's economic and monetary union foresees the creation of a capital market union (CMU)—a single market for capital in the entire Eurozone. The need for citizens and firms of all European countries to have access to funding, together with the pressure to improve the efficiency and risk-sharing opportunities of the financial system in general, put the CMU among the top priorities on the Eurozone's agenda. In this volume, leading academics in economics, finance, and law, along with policy makers and practitioners, discuss the design and implementation of a future CMU.

Contributors describe the key design challenges of the CMU; specific opportunities and obstacles for reaching the CMU's goals of increasing the economic well-being of households and the profitability and viability of firms; the role that markets—from the latest fintech developments to traditional equity markets—can play in the future success of CMU; and the institutional framework needed for CMU in the aftermath of the global recession.

Contributors Sumit Agarwal, Franklin Allen, Valentina Allotti, Gene Amromin, John Armour, Geert Bekaert, Itzhak Ben-David, Marcello Bianchi, Lorenzo Bini-Smaghi, Claudio Borio, Franziska Bremus, Marina Brogi, Claudia M. Buch, Giacomo Calzolari, Souphala Chomsisengphet, Luca Enriques, Douglas D. Evanoff, Ester Faia, Eilis Ferran, Jeffrey N. Gordon, Michael Haliassos, Campbell R. Harvey, Kathryn Judge, Suzanne Kalss, Valentina Lagasio, Katya Langenbucher, Christian T. Lundblad, Massimo Marchesi, Alexander Michaelides, Stefano Micossi, Emanuel Moench, Mario Nava, Giorgio Barba Navaretti, Giovanna Nicodano, Gianmarco Ottaviano, Marco Pagano, Monica Paiella, Lubos Pastor, Alain Pietrancosta, Richard Portes, Alberto Franco Pozzolo, Stephan Siegel, Wolfe-Georg Ringe, Diego Valiante
Collaborative Society
Authors: Jemielniak Dariusz , Przegalinska Aleksandra
Published: March 2020

How networked technology enables the emergence of a new collaborative society.

Humans are hard-wired for collaboration, and new technologies of communication act as a super-amplifier of our natural collaborative mindset. This volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series examines the emergence of a new kind of social collaboration enabled by networked technologies. This new collaborative society might be characterized as a series of services and startups that enable peer-to-peer exchanges and interactions though technology. Some believe that the economic aspects of the new collaboration have the potential to make society more equitable; others see collaborative communities based on sharing as a cover for social injustice and user exploitation.

The book covers the “sharing economy,” and the hijacking of the term by corporations; different models of peer production, and motivations to participate; collaborative media production and consumption, the definitions of “amateur” and “professional,” and the power of memes; hactivism and social movements, including Anonymous and anti-ACTA protest; collaborative knowledge creation, including citizen science; collaborative self-tracking; and internet-mediated social relations, as seen in the use of Instagram, Snapchat, and Tinder. Finally, the book considers the future of these collaborative tendencies and the disruptions caused by fake news, bots, and other challenges.
Cynicism
Authors: Allen Ansgar
Published: March 2020

A short history of cynicism, from the fearless speech of the ancient Greeks to the jaded negativity of the present.

Everyone's a cynic, yet few will admit it. Today's cynics excuse themselves half-heartedly—“I hate to be a cynic, but..."—before making their pronouncements. Narrowly opportunistic, always on the take, contemporary cynicism has nothing positive to contribute. The Cynicism of the ancient Greeks, however, was very different. This Cynicism was a marginal philosophy practiced by a small band of eccentrics. Bold and shameless, it was committed to transforming the values on which civilization depends. In this volume of the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Ansgar Allen charts the long history of cynicism, from the “fearless speech” of Greek Cynics in the fourth century BCE to the contemporary cynic's lack of social and political convictions.

Allen describes ancient Cynicism as an improvised philosophy and a way of life disposed to scandalize contemporaries, subjecting their cultural commitments to derision. He chronicles the subsequent “purification” of Cynicism by the Stoics; Renaissance and Enlightenment appropriations of Cynicism, drawing on the writings of Shakespeare, Rabelais, Rousseau, de Sade, and others; and the transition from Cynicism (the philosophy) to cynicism (the modern attitude), exploring contemporary cynicism from the perspectives of its leftist, liberal, and conservative critics. Finally, he considers the possibility of a radical cynicism that admits and affirms the danger it poses to contemporary society.
Think Tank Aesthetics
Authors: Lee Pamela M.
Published: March 2020

How the approaches and methods of think tanks—including systems theory, operational research, and cybernetics—paved the way for a peculiar genre of midcentury modernism.

In Think Tank Aesthetics, Pamela Lee traces the complex encounters between Cold War think tanks and the art of that era. Lee shows how the approaches and methods of think tanks—including systems theory, operations research, and cybernetics—paved the way for a peculiar genre of midcentury modernism and set the terms for contemporary neoliberalism. Lee casts these shadowy institutions as sites of radical creativity and interdisciplinary practice in the service of defense strategy. Describing the distinctive aesthetics that emerged from such institutions as the RAND Corporation, she maps the multiple and overlapping networks that connected nuclear strategists, mathematicians, economists, anthropologists, artists, designers, and art historians.

Lee recounts, among other things, the decades-long colloquy between Albert Wohlstetter, a RAND analyst, and his former professor, the famous art historian Meyer Schapiro; the anthropologist Margaret Mead's deployment of innovative visual aids that recall midcentury abstract art; and the combination of cybernetics and modernist design in an “Opsroom” for the short-lived socialist government of Salvador Allende in 1970s Chile (and its restaging many years later as a work of art). Lee suggests that we think of these connections less as disciplinary border crossings than as colonization of the specific interests of arts by the approaches and methods of the sciences. Hearing the echoes of think tank aesthetics in today's pursuit of the interdisciplinary and in academia's science-infused justification of the humanities, Lee wonders what territory has been ceded in a laboratory approach to the arts.
Achievement Relocked
Authors: Engelstein Geoffrey
Published: March 2020

How game designers can use the psychological phenomenon of loss aversion to shape player experience.

Getting something makes you feel good, and losing something makes you feel bad. But losing something makes you feel worse than getting the same thing makes you feel good. So finding $10 is a thrill; losing $10 is a tragedy. On an “intensity of feeling” scale, loss is more intense than gain. This is the core psychological concept of loss aversion, and in this book game creator Geoffrey Engelstein explains, with examples from both tabletop and video games, how it can be a tool in game design.

Loss aversion is a profound aspect of human psychology, and directly relevant to game design; it is a tool the game designer can use to elicit particular emotions in players. Engelstein connects the psychology of loss aversion to a range of phenomena related to games, exploring, for example, the endowment effect—why, when an object is ours, it gains value over an equivalent object that is not ours—as seen in the Weighted Companion Cube in the game Portal; the framing of gains and losses to manipulate player emotions; Deal or No Deal's use of the utility theory; and regret and competence as motivations, seen in the context of legacy games. Finally, Engelstein examines the approach to Loss Aversion in three games by Uwe Rosenberg, charting the designer's increasing mastery.
Design Justice
Authors: Costanza-Chock Sasha
Published: March 2020

An exploration of how design might be led by marginalized communities, dismantle structural inequality, and advance collective liberation and ecological survival.

What is the relationship between design, power, and social justice? “Design justice” is an approach to design that is led by marginalized communities and that aims expilcitly to challenge, rather than reproduce, structural inequalities. It has emerged from a growing community of designers in various fields who work closely with social movements and community-based organizations around the world.

This book explores the theory and practice of design justice, demonstrates how universalist design principles and practices erase certain groups of people—specifically, those who are intersectionally disadvantaged or multiply burdened under the matrix of domination (white supremacist heteropatriarchy, ableism, capitalism, and settler colonialism)—and invites readers to “build a better world, a world where many worlds fit; linked worlds of collective liberation and ecological sustainability.” Along the way, the book documents a multitude of real-world community-led design practices, each grounded in a particular social movement. Design Justice goes beyond recent calls for design for good, user-centered design, and employment diversity in the technology and design professions; it connects design to larger struggles for collective liberation and ecological survival.

The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Knowledge Unlatched and the MIT Press Frank Urbanowski Memorial Fund.
Find Your Path
Authors: Goodman Daniel
Published: March 2020

Scientists offer personal accounts of the challenges, struggles, successes, U-turns, and satisfactions encountered in their careers in industry, academia, and government.

This insightful book offers essential life and career lessons for newly minted STEM graduates and those seeking a career change. Thirty-six leading scientists and engineers (including two Nobel Prize winners) describe the challenges, struggles, successes, satisfactions, and U-turns encountered as they established their careers. Readers learn that there are professional possibilities beyond academia, as contributors describe the paths that took them into private industry and government as well as to college and university campuses. They discuss their varying preferences for solitary research or collaborative teamwork; their attempts to achieve work-life balance; and unplanned changes in direction that resulted in a more satisfying career. Women describe confronting overt sexism and institutional gender bias; scientists of color describe the experience of being outsiders in their field.

One scientist moves from startup to startup, enjoying a career of serial challenges; another spends decades at one university; another has worked in academia, industry, and government. Some followed in the footsteps of parents; others were the first in their family to go to college. Many have changed fields, switched subjects, or left established organizations for something new. Taken together, these essays make it clear that there is not one path to a profession in science, but many.

Contributors Stephon Alexander, Norman Augustine, Wanda Austin, Kimberly Budil, Wendy Cieslak, Jay Davis, Tamara Doering, Stephen D. Fantone, Kathleen Fisher, David Galas, Kathy Gisser, Sandra Glucksmann, Daniel Goodman, Renee Horton, Richard Lethin, Christopher Loose, John Mather, Richard Miles, Paul Nielsen, Michael O'Hanlon, Deirdre Olynick, Jennifer Park, Ellen Pawlikowski, Ethan Perlstein, Richard Post, William Press, Beth Reid, Jennifer Roberts, Jessica Seeliger, David Spergel, Ellen Stofan, Daniel Theobald, Shirley Tilghman, Jami Valentine, Z. Jane Wang, Rainer Weiss
Co-Illusion
Authors: Strauss David Levi
Published: March 2020

Reports from America's political crisis, exposing a new “iconopolitics,” in which words and images lose their connection to reality.

The political crisis that sneaked up on America—the rise of Trump and Trumpism—has revealed the rot at the core of American exceptionalism. Recent changes in the way words and images are produced and received have made the current surreality possible; communication through social media, by design, maximizes attention and minimizes scrutiny. In Co-Illusion, the noted writer on art, photography, and politics David Levi Strauss bears witness to the new “iconopolitics” in which words and images lose their connection to reality. The collusion that fueled Trump's rise was the secret agreement of voters and media consumers—their “co-illusion”—to set aside the social contract.

Strauss offers dispatches from the epicenter of our constitutional earthquake, writing first from the 2016 Democratic and Republican conventions and then from the campaign. After the election, he switches gears, writing in the voices of the regime and of those complicit in its actions—from the thoughts of the President himself (“I am not a mistake. I am not a fluke, or a bug in the system. I am the System”) to the reflections of a nameless billionaire tech CEO whose initials may or may not be M. Z. Finally, Strauss shows us how we might repair the damage to the public imaginary after Trump exits the scene. Photographs by celebrated documentary photographers Susan Meiselas and Peter van Agtmael accompany the texts.