bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Restocking the River Akerselv, Oslo with Atlantic salmon smolts Salmo salar L. of different stocks
Authors: Hansen Lars P. , Jonsson Bror
Published: October 2024

Sea ranched hatchery-reared smolts of Atlantic salmon originating from the Rivers Imsa and Lone in Norway and Neva in USSR were released in the River Akerselv, in 1985 and 1987. Both 1+ and 2+ smolts were released into the river which had been empty of fish due to heavy pollution from the middle of the 19th century to the beginning of the l980ies. The Norwegian salmon migrated to sea and left the Oslofjord shortly after release. The Neva salmon, on the other hand, stayed in the Oslofjord during the summer after release, and many turned up as maturing adults the first autumn after release. Few recaptures were made the following summer as grilse. The reported recapture-rate varied between 7.1 and 19.1% of the number of smolts released. Few fish strayed to other rivers; those that did entered nearby rivers. Mean weight of grilse produced from 2+ smolts, reflecting differences in size at release. Reported yields per 1000 smolts released varied between 77.5 and 138.4 kg, it was lowest for 2+ Lone smolts and highest for 2+ Neva smolts. These figures are gross underestimates when taking tagging and handling mortality and non-reported tags into consideration.
Cost of Illness Studiesin clinical depression Using Discounting Methods: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Parashar Aditya
Published: October 2024

Abstract:This research delves into the intricate domain of Cost of Illness (COI) studies, also known as Burden of Disease (BOD), with a specific focus on depressive disorders. Employing a bottom-up approach, the study meticulously scrutinizes the economic implications of depression at various levels, emphasizing direct and indirect costs. The analysis integrates a detailed exploration of diverse discounting methods, including Net Present Value (NPV) and Discounted Cash Flow (DCF), with a particular emphasis on the Indian context to comprehend unique socio-economic factors.Methodologically, the study systematically reviews scientific literature over the past decade, utilizing databases such as Web of Science and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria prioritize patient-based studies related to the cost of illness associated with depression. The research adopts a comprehensive approach, considering various methodologies and discounting techniques to enhance the understanding of economic implications.The comparative analysis of the total cost of illness across diverse countries unravels significant variations, highlighting the intricate nature of healthcare expenditures and economic structures. Specific breakdowns for each country consider factors suchas currency exchange rates, inflation, and Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) adjustments, shedding light on the complexities involved.The study across five countries highlights significant variations in depression-related costs. Direct medical costs have a mean of $42,668 (SD=16,940) with a high t-statistic of 27.83 (p-value 0.001), emphasizing substantial differences. Direct non-medicalcosts average $27,171 (SD=13,220) with a t-statistic of 14.07 (p-value 0.001), indicating a notable economic burden beyond medical expenses. Indirect costs related to depression stand at a mean of $63,816 (SD=25,230), with a t-statistic of 35.30 (p-value 0.001), highlighting significant impacts on productivity and societal costs. The total cost of illness, encompassing both direct and indirect costs, averages $113,590 (SD=43,990), with a t-statistic of 49.49 (p-value 0.001), reflecting the extensive economic implications of depression across these diverse nations.In conclusion, this comprehensive analysis contributes depth to our understanding of the economic impact of depressive disorders, providing valuable insights for policymakers, healthcare providers, and researchers. The research underscores the multifacetednature of the economic burden of depression, emphasizing variations across countries and advocating for comprehensive, context-specific approaches in assessing and addressing global implications. Acknowledging challenges with discounting methods, the paper identifies opportunities for refining methodologies and improving economic evaluations in the future, emphasizing the importance of nuanced insights for effective policymaking and healthcare strategies on a global scale.
The Impact of Quality of Work Life on Employee Performance in Corporate Sector
Authors: SAJITHA E.
Published: October 2024

The quality programs initiated by the organizations enhance the ability of the employees to regulate their work behaviors, thought processes, and emotions. Productivity, improved product value and excellence are only possible when employees are taken care to the utmost. Quality is indeed a generic need in the public domain and has to be addressed in all dimensions of life. A healthyworking environment results injob satisfaction, improves organizational performance, and complements efficacy with innovativeness.Beyond all of these, it ensures the workforce to lead a fullest, happiest and meaningful life adding value to the organizationwith work life balance. A study has been conductedamong corporate employees located in Hyderabad. The quantitative and qualitative datahas been collectedusing random sampling technique fromthe sample size of 100 employees working inprivate companies.A structured questionnaire and personal interviewallowed the researcher to gathertheample information. The study aims to understand the level of satisfaction of the corporateemployees towards the components of Quality of work life. The study also strives to understandthe correlation ofcertain dimensions like working environment, compensation & benefits, and career growth &developmentcomponentsof QWL impactingthe employees overall performance. With the help of statistical tools it is observed that there is a significant impact,and there exists correlation amongselected dimensions and employees overall performance. A positive work environmentwith employee centric policies and practices, cultural alignment,high rewarding environmentfosteringtheopencommunication and appreciation,empoweringteam members and inclusivity for employee growthacknowledging their effortsare noteworthy toenhance the quality of work life of employeesand theperformance extraordinarily
Sosyal Medya Aktivizminin Çevrimdışı Aktivizme Etkisi ve Demografik Faktörlerin Rolü
Authors: Subaşı Huriye
Published: October 2024

Sosyal medya, günümüzde aktivizmin çevrimdışı yönüyle etkileşim içinde olan güçlü bir araç haline gelmiş, bu etkileşimlerin toplumsal değişim dinamikleri üzerindeki etkisi giderek artmıştır. Özellikle son dönemlerde Türkiye'de hayvan haklarıyla ilgili yaşanan olaylar, sosyal medya üzerinden gerçekleştirilen kampanyaların çevrimdışı protesto ve eylemlere dönüşmesine zemin hazırlamış, bu süreçte toplumsal duyarlılığın artmasına katkı sağlamıştır. Bu kapsamda hazırlanan çalışmanın temel amacı, sosyal medya aktivizminin çevrimdışı aktivizme olan etkilerini Hayvanları Koruma Kanunu bağlamında incelemektir. Ayrıca, demografik faktörlere göre sosyal medya aktivizmine ve çevrimdışı aktivizme katılımın farklılık gösterip göstermediğinin belirlenmesi araştırmanın bir diğer amacını oluşturmaktadır. Nicel araştırma desenine sahip bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de ikamet eden 18 yaş ve üzeri bireyler, araştırma evreni olarak tanımlanmıştır. Veriler, kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle ve çevrimiçi anket tekniği kullanılarak 401 katılımcıdan elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizi için regresyon analizi, bağımsız gruplar t-testi ve One Way ANOVA uygulanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, sosyal medya aktivizminin çevrimdışı aktivizmi olumlu yönde etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, katılımcıların cinsiyet, yaş, medeni durum, aylık hane halkı geliri ve siyasi görüş gibi demografik özelliklerinin sosyal medya aktivizmi ve çevrimdışı aktivizme katılım düzeyinde farklılıklar oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgular ışığında, halkla ilişkiler uygulayıcılarına, akademisyenlere, aktivistlere öneriler sunulmuş ve sosyal medya aktivizminin toplumsal değişim üzerindeki rolü vurgulanmıştır.
RUSSIAN STRATEGIC CULTURE: INSIGHTS FROM THE FULL-SCALE WAR AGAINST UKRAINE
Authors: Skak Mette
Published: October 2024

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine on 24th February 2022 marks a security policy paradigm shift akin to ‘9/11’ for Europe. For the international community of security experts, the invasion represents an anomaly for their rational choice analysis. Their ‘logic of consequence’ must be replaced by the alternative ‘logic of appropriateness’. Hence, the author of this paper employs a broad approach to strategic culture stressing Kremlin regime security as Putin’s operational code. Under this approach, interventionism characterizes the Russian ‘way of war’ as does sheer brutality. The decision to invade Ukraine resulted from Putin’s personal hubris and idiosyncrasies as much as groupthink within the Russian security elite. Putin’s calculus behind invading Ukraine is reconstructed as geopolitical and geo-economic imperialism, along with domestic concerns for pacifying Russia.
The first year of war exposed a dysfunctional Russian strategic culture - a collapsing Blitzkrieg effort and a failure to prevail in the subsequent battle for Donbas. The Russian conduct of war reiterated the signature Russian strategic culture of massive destruction and unpunished war crimes. Putin often doubles down and escalates, as seen in the partial mobilization on 21st September 2022. The winter of 2022–2023 brought both systematic Russian attacks on critical Ukrainian energy infrastructure and fierce battles in Vuhledar, Soledar and Bakhmut in which Russia used meatgrinder tactics. The Russian military performance improved during the second year of the war due to the construction of massive fortifications along the frontline. Putin’s strategy has thus turned in favour of a long war of attrition seeking to outlast the combined effect of successive Western upgrading of the weapons supplied to Ukraine and the stamina of the Ukrainians themselves.
The Ukrainian counteroffensive shows Ukraine to have the initiative, but progress is painfully slow. This reflects the fact that the war is a war of attrition between two different militaries supported by two dissimilar coalitions of productive power and high-tech innovative capacity.
“大自然文化”理念下的汉语教育调查研究 ——以印尼巴淡岛“大自然文化”汉语培训班为例
Authors: Chu Binyu Mettalina
Published: October 2024

三教问题（教师，教材，教学）在汉语国际研究前沿需要受到关注，但是教育体系也不能轻视，尤其是在非目的语国家所创办的汉语教育。很多研究都是指向三教问题，再提高教师素养，教材编制和教学方法也获得不少成果。若在实践这些成果的时候没有良好的体系辅助就难以达到教育目标。
华文教育在世界各地的传播与传承有着历史悠久的记载。每一个地区都有属于自己独特的传播与传承风格，尤其对曾经经历过印尼华文教育被冻结时期的华裔更是有与众不同的模式。对此，创办华文教育不仅仅是传播中华文化而更是要传承中华精神与高尚的理念。本文将针对印尼巴淡岛其中富有大自然理念的华文教育进行研究探索此模式体系的特点与优势。
Transcript 3 - Focus group on modular publishing
Authors: Schmidt Januschka , Field Sarahanne
Published: October 2024

This transcript is the result of a focus group discussion conducted during a workshop on modular publishing. The focus group focused on understanding the barriers researchers encounter that prevent them from adopting alternative publishing methods. Data information: transcript of the focus group discussion; pictures show the results of in-workshop exercises. The focus group included 1 participant. This transcript is from the workshop held at a generic location in the Netherlands in 2024. The project spanned 3 different locations and one online workshop. Each transcript represents one workshop from each generic location, presented in no particular order. The workshops and focus group discussions are part of the NWO-funded project “Publishing Research Output Continuously (PROCess).”
Transcript 2 - Focus group on modular publishing
Authors: Schmidt Januschka , Field Sarahanne
Published: October 2024

This transcript is the result of a focus group discussion conducted during a workshop on modular publishing. The focus group focused on understanding the barriers researchers encounter that prevent them from adopting alternative publishing methods. Data information: transcript of the focus group discussion; pictures show the results of in-workshop exercises. The focus group included 4 participants. This transcript is from the workshop held at a generic location in the Netherlands in 2024. The project spanned 3 different locations and one online workshop. Each transcript represents one workshop from each generic location, presented in no particular order. The workshops and focus group discussions are part of the NWO-funded project “Publishing Research Output Continuously (PROCess)."
A voltage-balancing algorithm based on the gating signal rotation and Separated Circulating Current Controller applied on a Modular Multilevel Converter
Authors: Farouk Kasse Ahmed , Nadir Kabache , Samir Moulahoum , Nassim Zemirline
Published: October 2024

The Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is being used for many medium/high-power energy conversion applications due to its superior advantages such as modularity, scalability, and low harmonic generation. However, the MMC control can be challenging. If the submodule (SM) capacitors are not properly balanced, a circulating current is induced due to the voltage mismatch between the capacitor submodules. This circulating current adds to the arm current, which increases its RMS and peak value, and thus increases system losses. Therefore, controlling the submodule capacitor voltage and the circulating current is an important step in any MMC control. In this paper, a Gating Pattern Rotation algorithm is used for SM capacitor voltage balancing, and an independent circulating current controller in the double reference frame is used to eliminate the circulating current. Furthermore, a voltage-oriented control is employed to eliminate harmonics and regulate the grid power factor. MATLAB Simulink simulates the control technique, and various simulation results are presented. With results showing their effectiveness in managing and improving MMC behavior.
Revisão integrativa da sífilis congênita: manifestações clínicas, impactos na saúde neonatal e estratégias de prevenção
Authors: Diniz Vitória Rocha , Soares Marco Antonio , Ribeiro Anna Júlia Fernandes , Cruz Sofia Alves da , Dias Laura Poema de Barros Oliveira , Nogueira Felipe Coelho , Santos Matheus Henrique Menezes , Manso Vitória Abdala , Vargas Aline Bezerra , Donon Amanda Stefani Fernandes , Brito Isadora Pereira
Published: October 2024

Introdução: A sífilis congênita é uma infecção transmitida verticalmente da mãe para o feto, podendo resultar em natimortalidade, prematuridade, malformações e deficiências neurológicas. Mesmo com avanços em campanhas de prevenção e programas de pré-natal, a condição persiste como um desafio de saúde pública, especialmente em regiões vulneráveis.Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar as manifestações clínicas, os impactos no desenvolvimento neonatal e as principais estratégias de prevenção e tratamento da sífilis congênita, a fim de contribuir para o controle dessa condição. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, analisando artigos publicados entre 2018 e 2023 nas bases PubMed, SciELO, LILACS e Web of Science. Utilizaram-se descritores relacionados à sífilis congênita combinados com operadores booleanos para garantir amplitude na busca. Foram incluídos estudos relevantes em inglês, português e espanhol, enquanto pesquisas incompletas ou não relacionadas foram excluídas. Resultados: Os resultados mostram que, apesar dos esforços preventivos, a sífilis congênita continua a apresentar alta incidência em diversas localidades. Entre as manifestações clínicas destacam-se lesões cutâneas, alterações neurológicas e malformações ósseas. Estratégias preventivas como triagem precoce e tratamento adequado com penicilina são eficazes, mas muitas vezes enfrentam dificuldades de implementação, especialmente em áreas com acesso limitado aos serviços de saúde. Conclusão: A revisão evidencia que intervenções integradas, como campanhas de conscientização, educação em saúde, triagem eficiente e tratamento adequado das gestantes, são essenciais para reduzir os índices de transmissão vertical da sífilis. O monitoramento contínuo e a ampliação do acesso ao pré-natal são fundamentais para a eficácia das ações preventivas.
Global San Francisco and the Irish of the New Pacific
Authors: Campbell Malcolm
Published: October 2024

Following the discovery of gold in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in January 1848, San Francisco established itself as the premier city of the western Americas. From the outset, its substantial Irish immigrant population enjoyed the standing of a charter group and exhibited high levels of political power and cultural influence, characteristics that were frequently noted by contemporaries and continued well into the twentieth century. While San Francisco's Irish population shared much in common with their compatriots in other American cities, the Golden City developed its own unique identity and quickly emerged as a truly global Irish city. Key features that account for its experience include the city's distinctive nineteenth-century population composition, which included a large Chinese component; the notable confidence of its Irish-born population compared with that in other American urban centers; and the unique westward orientation of the city and its people that contributed to San Francisco's pivotal role in emerging transnational Pacific networks.
Irish Immigrants in Colonial Port Cities of Cuba: Havana, Santiago, and Cienfuegos
Authors: Brehony Margaret , García Giselle González
Published: October 2024

The port city of Havana, central to the Spanish colonial fleet system since the late sixteenth century, remained an important nexus for nineteenth-century Atlantic trade networks of sugar, coffee, tobacco, and the slave trade. Positioning Irish immigrants in this global hub allows us to examine their presence in Cuba and their participation in global circuits of commodities, trade, and labor. Drawing on local colonial sources, we evaluate the opportunities and experiences of Irish immigrants as social actors in the multi-ethnic urban spaces of Havana and other strategically located port cities of Santiago and Cienfuegos. The Irish who converged on Cuba rarely came directly from Ireland. Hence, we explore three migration trajectories mediated through the British West Indies, the Spanish metropole, and globally connected cities of North America. The most prominent were high-ranking military men who arrived in Cuba in the eighteenth century through Iberian-Irish connections; a smaller number of propertied Irish who migrated from the West Indies; and lastly, distinct flows of largely anonymous nineteenth-century immigrants who came through emerging Atlantic networks of colonial labour via the United States. This study explores the entangled histories of Irish, African, and European diasporas in the social and political worlds of three Spanish Caribbean port cities. Through an analysis of how Irish immigrants negotiated processes of class, religion, race, and gender in colonial Cuba, we highlight their participation in key economic and social dynamics of white colonization strategies, plantation slavery, and the Atlantic slave trade.
REVITALIZING CEREAL CROP PRODUCTION: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF MACRO AND MICRO-NUTRIENT FOLIAR SPRAYS ON GROWTH AND YIELD
Authors: AHMED MI , IRUM A , KHAN AA , NOOR S , NAZ A , AHMAD F , GHAFOOR S , SAJJAD S , KAUSAR R , NAWAZ S , MUNSHA A
Published: October 2024

Foliar fertilizer treatment has been identified as a viable source for boosting cereal crop growth and productivity. However, some elements such as application method, nutrient supply, and timing must be taken into account to get the best results. Foliar spray is an effective and focused method of nutrient delivery since it avoids soil shortages and encourages direct absorption through leaves. This review emphasizes the significance of macronutrients for crop growth and development, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc. It also looks at how micronutrients like zinc, iron, manganese, etc affect the quantity and quality of agricultural production. Foliar spraying can be a useful method of giving these nutrients to crops, especially during crucial growth stages. To reduce the possibility of causing harm to the crops and surrounding environment, safety precautions should be taken throughout the foliar spraying process. These safety measures include careful nozzle selection, equipment calibration, and cleaning. Overall, the application of foliar nutrients has the potential to result in the production of cereal crops that are more effective and sustainable.
Development of volume table for Casuarina equisetifolia
Authors: Ravichandran V. , Balasubramanian T. , Jayachandran M.
Published: October 2024

In Casuarina equisetifolia so far no volume table is available to predict harvested biomass as that of Teak, Gmelina sp. and Callophyllum sp. Hence an experiment was conducted at Sugarcane Research Station, Cuddalore during 1993-96 involving 720 trees. These trees were subjected for the development of allometric relationship. Actual volume was worked out and it was compared with various methods used for other tree crops. Using curve fit function “Table curve” a linear model was developed and a form factor was derived owing to the reason that the tree is not exactly a cylindrical and tapering towards its growing point. By simple multiplying the constant (0.38556644) with D2H value the volume of the Casuarina equisetifolia could be obtained. The chi-square also indicates that this is a précised method for the computation of volume through non-destructive method.
Contribution to the flora of Jammu and Kashmir state - A list of new records for Jammu province
Authors: Bhellum B. , Magotra Rani
Published: October 2024

Botanical explorations undertaken in District Doda of Jammu and Kashmir State from 1988 to 1992 brought to light six species new to Jammu Province.
Evaluation of mulberry germplasm based on growth and anatomical parameters
Authors: Tikader A. , Roy B.
Published: October 2024

Variability in respect of growth and anatomical parameters were studied in 15 (11 exotic and 4 indigenous) mulberry germplasm accessions. A wide range of variation observed among different accessions both for growth and anatomical parameters. Analysis of variance showed significance at P<0.01 level in all parameters studied. To find out the association, simple correlation was carried out among the different parameters. High significant and positive correlation observed in shoot number per plant, longest shoot length and total shoot length with leaf yield per plant. Single leaf weight showed negative significant correlation with longest shoot length, internodal distance and survival per cent whereas positive significant association with leaf area and moisture per cent. Among anatomical parameters stomatal frequency showed negative significant association with spongy layer thickness and moisture retention capacity. Besides this, all other characters also showed association among themselves.
Compare Noise Robust Least-Squares Method with Other Methods for Estimation of the Parameters of Frechet Distribution and Neutrosophic Generalization
Authors:   The Post-graduate Institute for Accounting and Financial Studies, MAHA MAHA ,   The Post-graduate Institute for Accounting and Financial Studies, Abbas Huda Hadib
Published: October 2024

The Frechet distribution is a versatile probability distribution that is used within a loose range in many important statistical fields, such as image processing, data analysis, and pattern recognition. It aims to explore and study the estimation of the parameters of the Frechet distribution using the noise-robust least squares method, as in the research paper, and it also has uses. There are many real-world scenarios. It is known that there is a growing challenge in estimating the parameter because of the noisy data. Depending on rigorous simulations and experimental analysis, we provide a novel powerful way to estimate the parameters for the Frechet Distribution Robust Least Squares approach to be flexible. Also, the results approach of this work will be very helpful in estimating the Frechet distribution parameters for diverse statistical applications. Also, we generalize our results to include the generalized neutrosophic case of this distribution dealing with neutrosophic numbers.
Computational Approaches to Solving Some Partial Differential Equations and Neutrosophic Partial Differential with Variable Coefficients Using the Laplace Residual Power Series Method
Authors:   College of the Basic Education, Mathematics Department, University of Babylon, Iraq, Mohammed Mohammed ,   College of the Engineering\ Al-Musayab, Energy Engineering Department, University of Babylon, Iraq,   College of the Engineering\ Al-Musayab, Energy Engineering Department, University of Babylon, Iraq,   College of the Basic Education, Mathematics Department, University of Babylon, Iraq,   Ministry of Education / First Rusafa Education Directorate, Iraq, Hussain Ahmed Hadi , Zoba Mohammed Abed Daim , salman Abdullah hamad , lafta Mohammed A.
Published: October 2024

We employ the Laplace Residual Power Series Method to approximate analytical solutions for differential equations and neutrosophic differential equations with associated parameters, including non-homogeneous equations and fractional formulas in partial differential equations (PDEs). This approach showcases the method's simplicity, effectiveness, and robustness in deriving analytical series solutions for PDEs that involve associated parameters, especially in the context of fractional differential equations. Several practical uses of LRPSM with an emphasis on non-homogeneous and partial differential equations and neutrosophic equations with fractions (PDEs). These applications are significant in a variety of scientific and engineering domains that simulate complicated dynamic system such as anomalous diffusion in physics, viscoelastic material modeling in engineering and signal processing.
On The Numerical Solutions of the Neutrosophic One-Dimensional Sine-Gordon System
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Jadara University, P.O. Box 733, Irbid 21110, Jordan, Raed Raed
Published: October 2024

This paper uses finite difference methods to study the numerical solution for neutrosophic Sine-Gordon system in one dimension. We use the explicit method and Crank-Nicholson method. Also, an effective comparison between the results of the two methods has been made, where we obtain the result that Crank-Nicholson method is more accurate than the explicit method, but the explicit method is easier. We also study the stability analysis for each method by using Fourier (Von-Neumann) method and get that Crank-Nicholson method is unconditionally stable while the Explicit method is stable under the condition 𝑟2≤1𝑐2 and 𝑟2≤1.
On A Subclass of Analytic Functions Specified By Touchard Polynomials
Authors:   Mathematics Education Program, Faculty of Education and Arts, Sohar University,Sohar 3111, Oman, Ala Ala ,   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13132, Jordan,   Department of Applied Science, Ajloun College, Al balqa Applied University, Ajloun 26816. Jordan; Jadara Research Center, Jadara University, Irbid 21110, Jordan,   College of Applied and Health Sciences, A'Sharqiyah University, Post Box No. 42, Post Code No. 400 Ibra, Sultanate of Oman,   Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematics, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan, 𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐚𝐢 𝐎𝐪𝐥𝐚𝐡 𝐀𝐥 𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐚𝐢 , 𝐇𝐚𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐓𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐪 𝐀𝐥 𝐇𝐚𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐲 , 𝐒𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐡 𝐉𝐚𝐦𝐚𝐥 𝐒𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐡 , 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐁𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐦 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐧
Published: October 2024

In this investigation, we present a new collection of analytic functions that includes Touchard polynomials. We then aim to calculate the Maclaurin coefficients |𝑎2 | and |𝑎3 | and address the Fekete-Szegö functional problem within this specific subfamily. Additionally, we demonstrate several new outcomes by specifying the parameters used in our main findings.
Quantitative Easing and Its Long-term Effects on U.S. Credit Market Sustainability: A Neutrosophic Science Perspective
Authors:   Head of the Department of the Engagement of International and national Rankings, Tashkent State University of Economics, Islam Karimov avenue, 49100003 Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Khayrilla Khayrilla
Published: October 2024

The cyclical nature of credit is a pivotal component of the broader business cycle, with credit expansion serving as a crucial mechanism for economic resurgence post-crisis. This paper delves into the ramifications of stringent financial regulations implemented in the wake of the 2007–2008 financial crisis, which notably decelerated the credit expansion phase, culminating in an anomalously extended period of credit contraction within the non-financial private sector. From a Neutrosophic Science perspective, this study posits that the typical progression of the credit cycle was significantly altered due to the heightened requirements under Basel III and the overhaul of the United States financial system. Distinct from prior crises, the post-2007–2008 period witnessed a more languid recuperation in credit activity, with the credit volume to the non-financial private sector yet to attain pre-crisis levels. This article offers a comparative analysis, scrutinizing the temporal dynamics of credit recovery following various crises. Drawing on Minsky’s financial instability hypothesis, Crotty’s theory of endogenous credit standard formation, and the Neutrosophic Science framework, the research investigates the phenomenon termed credit paralysis. It hypothesizes that banking credit standards are intrinsically linked to macroeconomic variables such as GDP levels, interest rates, and loan volumes. Employing a vector autoregressive model, the study examines the alterations in credit activity vis-à-vis shifts in credit standards and explores the genesis of these standards in relation to macroeconomic indicators. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the augmented credit standards, necessitated by Basel III's implementation in crisis response, disrupted the normal trajectory of the credit cycle. The research culminates in the development of a stylized model of the U.S. credit cycle, which incorporates specific factors from the 2007–2008 crisis, including pre-crisis financial innovations, the subsequent intensification of financial regulations, and the principles of Neutrosophic Science.
Several arithmetic operations on neutrosophics type-2 fuzzy sets
Authors:   Laboratoire de Math´ematiques et Physique Appliqu´ees, ´E cole Normale Sup´erieure de Bousaada 28001, Algeria, Brahim Brahim ,   Department of Mathematics, Institute of Science, University Center of Barika, Algeria, Milles Soheyb
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we explore the theoretical foundations of neutrosophics type-2 fuzzy sets by investigating its algebraic properties, demonstrating how neutrosophics type-2 fuzzy sets can generalize and extend existing operations in Type-1 and traditional Type-2 fuzzy sets. We also provide illustrative examples to clarify the practical applications of these operations, showcasing the potential of neutrosophics type-2 fuzzy sets in areas requiring sophisticated decision-making tools and uncertainty management.
Time Factor’s Impact On Fuzzy Soft Expert Sets
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan, Ayman.A Ayman
Published: October 2024

In this study, I introduce time-fuzzy soft expert set (T-FSES) as an extension of fuzzy soft set. I will also define and investigate the features of its main operations (complement, union intersection, AND and OR). Finally, I’ll apply this approach to decision-making difficulties.
Analyzing China's Global Influence Through the Belt and Road Initiative: A Case Study of the Pakistan-China Energy and Economic Corridor
Authors: Zhang Jiayang
Published: October 2024

This article attempts to explain how China has used the Belt and Road initiative (BRI) to increase its economic power and geopolitical influence by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the Pakistan-China Energy and Economic Corridor (PCEEC). During this process, China has gained actual control over these countries' strategic resources and transportation hubs by providing debt and building infrastructure. This control not only improves Chinas international trade volume and economic development, but also enables it to influence the policy formulation and sovereign decision-making of these countries. The expansion of its economic and political influence has given China a greater voice in regional and international affairs in order to more effectively promote international agendas and rule-making that are in line with its own interests. Therefore, China has successfully improved its global influence and leadership through a combination of economic investment and political strategies, but has also aroused international attention and discussion on sovereign independence and regional balance.
Visual Experimentation Research on Traditional Residential Courtyard Spaces Using Virtual Eye-Tracking Technology
Authors: Sun Wenyi
Published: October 2024

Courtyard space serves as the soul of traditional residences in Southern China, representing a gem in traditional Chinese architecture. Courtyards play a multifaceted role in architecture, including functions such as lighting, ventilation, water collection, solar radiation, and environmental beautification. This paper, building upon previous research and theoretical foundations, takes three types of courtyards in "Kong House" as the research subjects. Through methods like data collection, literature analysis, questionnaire surveys, and eye-tracking experiments, the study investigates the spatial experience of courtyard spaces in traditional residences. It quantitatively validates the design theory of courtyard spaces, analyzes the similarities and differences in spatial experiences among comprehensive courtyards, landscape courtyards, and functional courtyards, and concludes the study. The experiments indicate that incorporating courtyard spaces in traditional residences can effectively influence human behavior patterns and perceptual choices. Comprehensive courtyards typically stimulate more exploration and lingering behaviors. The combination of virtual reality and eye-tracking experiments provides valuable visual information and statistical data for analyzing human behavior and evaluating traditional residential design schemes.
Sustainable Development Methods of Urban Slow-traffic System Based on Human Factors Engineering
Authors: Cheng Feng
Published: October 2024

At present, China's urban transportation is in a period of development and transformation, and there are heated discussions about transportation sustainability. With China's new urban planning strategy and the future development trend of roads, the construction and development of the slow-traffic system have become a new direction of exploration. Through the analysis of human psychology and physiology, this article further explores the sustainable development of slow-traffic systems without sacrificing human welfare. Through the impact on the psychological safety of users based on distance in the street space, and through the three physiological stimulations of color and light on vision, noise on hearing, and ground materials on touch, it strengthens the sense of security for users in road space. Controllability and increased frequency of use. Integrate slow traffic into existing urban arterial roads and public transportation in more possible ways, reactivating street vitality and enriching street life. While achieving the "double carbon" goal, urban roads should be constructed meticulously to improve the quality of life of residents. Nowadays, there are many studies on the use of new technologies for road management, but few on road planning methods that focus on people themselves. After research and discussion, this article can fill the gaps in related research and contribute to the sustainable development of the slow-traffic system.
Unraveling Corruption: Current Cases, Global Implications, and Potential Solutions
Authors: Yuan Meiqi
Published: October 2024

Corruption is a widespread issue that impacts individuals, businesses, and societies on various levels. This research paper seeks to delve into the nature of corruption and how it influences economic progress, political stability, and societal welfare. Through the methodology of case study and literature review of academic resources from journals, books, and online reports, this paper utilizes a search strategy including keywords like "corruption " "implications " "economic impact," "societal effects " and "South Africa." Additionally, it investigates the effects of corruption on development, social trust, inequality, and institutional integrity. By analyzing existing research materials this paper aims to enhance our understanding of the multifaceted aspects of corruption and its broad implications, in hopes of identifying potential solutions. As a result, it is concluded that corruption in the status quo perpetuates due to both historical trends and modern socio-economic conditions, resulting in intertwined negative impacts that affect individuals and societies simultaneously. It is also found that multifaceted solutions that combine groundwork policies with innovative strategies including ecommerce support for impoverished citizens, in order to become self-sufficient and more resilient to diminishing welfare resources caused by corruption.
Exploring the Social Role of Contemporary Women from the Perspective of the Lack of Historical Female Characters
Authors: Lin Chenjing
Published: October 2024

Historically, women have been underrepresented in literature, the arts, and historical records, and their achievements and roles have often been marginalized or ignored. This phenomenon has led to an intriguing paradox: despite the fact that contemporary women have demonstrated strong abilities and potential in various fields, they are still usually considered to be in a disadvantaged position compared to men. This paper aims to explore the complex reasons behind the paradox of womens underrepresentation in history. To this end, it will review the lack of womens image in history, analyze the impact of social, cultural, and institutional factors on this lack of representation, and explore the gender issues that exist in contemporary society. The paper discusses in detail women's achievements in contemporary society, the embodiment of womens power, and the struggle for womens rights, demonstrating the strong capabilities and potential of contemporary women in many fields. The study concludes that the marginalization of women in historical narratives is a result of social structures, cultural norms, and institutional biases. Despite these challenges, contemporary women have made significant strides in various fields, suggesting that gender should not be a determining factor in assessing competence or potential. This paper argues for a greater awareness of gender equality and calls for a fairer and more inclusive reconstruction of historical narratives to ensure that the contributions of all genders are fairly recognized.
An Analysis of the Effect of Functional Load on ESL Learners' Perception of Vowel Contrasts
Authors: You Yueshan
Published: October 2024

Functional load (FL), which ranks segmental contrasts based on their communicative value in pronunciation, is essential to the development of pronunciation instruction in that it indicates the priority of certain segmental contrasts that may seriously affect the intelligibility and comprehensibility of spoken language for English as a Second Language (ESL) learners. Despite the widespread use of FL in pronunciation pedagogy for ESL learners, there is little evidence on whether FL affects ESL learners perception of vowel contrasts. In this paper, 20 ESL learners from two Chinese universities are selected to participate in two tasks to observe their performance in discriminating vowel contrasts with different FLs in listening and word pronunciation. The effects of functional load on ESL learners perception of vowel contrasts are investigated in terms of both input and output dimensions. The overall findings indicate that high FL vowel contrasts are more likely to be captured in listening and more consciously distinguished in pronunciation, a piece of evidence proving the necessity of applying FL principle to English pronunciation teaching.
Research on the Interrelationship Between Urbanisation and Sustainable Development
Authors: Gao Xujie
Published: October 2024

The issue of how to balance between development and sustainability in the process of urbanisation has been an important research theme. With the acceleration of global urbanisation, people are increasingly concerned about how to achieve a balance between economic development and environmental protection in the process of urbanisation. This research aims to explore in depth the interrelationship between urbanisation and sustainable development through the method of literature research, to explore the solutions to the social inequality problems of income disparity and educational inequality due to accelerated urbanisation, and to provide practical guidelines for sustainable urban development. The significance of this research is twofold. Firstly, it helps to deepen the understanding of the relationship between urbanisation and sustainable development. This paper explores the problems and challenges of urbanisation and proposes solutions accordingly. This will provide theoretical support and guidance for achieving sustainable urban development. Secondly, this research argues that the negative environmental impacts of rapid urbanisation can be effectively mitigated by adopting a range of measures. This may include improving urban planning and design, enhancing resource utilisation efficiency, and promoting green technologies and innovative financing. By researching these approaches, theoretical support for sustainable development can be provided to policymakers, urban planners and the community to help them make informed decisions and take effective action in the process of urbanisation.
Research on Emotion Expression in Painting Art Based on Resemblance Theory
Authors: Fang Yuanzhi
Published: October 2024

In the face of paintings, people will have a variety of emotions, but it is not a matter of course that art can express emotions. Art itself cannot produce emotions, it is human beings who express emotions from the beginning to the end. Based on people's use of resemblance theory to express emotions through artworks, this paper probes into the nature of resemblance theory and the problems brought by the convention and seeks interaction of artists, audience and artworks in art expressing emotions. Art expressing emotion needs participation of the three, can not be one-sided demonstration. Resemblance theory is not invulnerable, but more of a hope to point to the root cause of this theoretical behavior, to thinking of the "mind", about this differentiating mind that defines emotion, the coexistence of empathy and prejudice, and so on. In addition, this paper also uses the uniqueness of ancient Chinese painting, which is different from Western art, highlights the connected forms of multi-emotion expression in painting art, and enriches and improves the research system of emotional expression in the field of Eastern painting art.
Language Teaching Optimization: Enhancing the Distinction Between /i:/ and // for Second Language Learners
Authors: Liu Rongheng
Published: October 2024

One of the biggest challenges encountered by second language learners is to accurately differentiate between the two vowels in English: /i:/ and //, which play an important role in everyday communication and are crucial for clear transmission of information and effective communication due to their high functional load (FL). Therefore, the paper aims to gain a more profound understanding of the difficulties learners encounter in distinguishing these vowels, with the hope of providing them with more effective learning strategies and methods. In this paper, seven English majors and seven non-English majors were selected as the study participants using an empirical research method, and audio data on the participants' pronunciation of words containing /i:/ and // were collected using a recording device and analyzed using Praat. The results indicates that both groups frequently lacked an understanding of the distinctive pronunciation characteristics of these vowels, which resulted in instances of pronunciation confusion or inaccuracy. Moreover, it proposes suggestions for enhancing teaching strategies: the integration of audio and visual teaching resources and the implementation of targeted pronunciation exercises can facilitate the acquisition of English pronunciation, thereby enhancing the accuracy and fluency of their spoken English and their performance in English communication.
Comparative Cross-Cultural Ethnography: In-Depth Studies and Analytical Tools for Unveiling Cultural Differences and Commonalities
Authors: Zhou Yixin
Published: October 2024

This study investigates comparative cross-cultural ethnography through the development and application of the Cultural Dynamics Index (CDI), a mathematical model designed to quantify cultural differences and commonalities across various dimensions of cultural practices and beliefs. By integrating qualitative ethnographic data and quantitative surveys, the CDI provides a comprehensive numerical representation of cultural attributes. Key dimensions analyzed include communication patterns, social norms, value systems, economic practices, and technological adaptation. The CDI employs a weighted scoring system to create sub-indices for each cultural dimension, facilitating rigorous comparative analysis. Findings highlight the profound impact of cultural factors such as language, non-verbal communication, rituals, and technological adaptation on cultural identity and social interactions. This research underscores the importance of cultural sensitivity and understanding in a globalized world, offering valuable insights for academics, practitioners, and policymakers. By providing a detailed examination of cultural elements, this study contributes to the broader field of anthropology and cross-cultural studies, promoting cross-cultural cooperation and understanding.
Evaluating Disability Rights Legislation: The Impact of the Americans with Disabilities Act on Social Equality in the United States
Authors: Liu Yuekun
Published: October 2024

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), enacted in 1990, set a milestone in protecting the civil rights of disabled Americans. This paper evaluates the impact of the ADA through its historical contexts, components, challenges in enforcement, and contributions of the ADA to the lives of the American people, including employment, equal access to education, public space and transportation. The ADA has successfully reduced barriers and fostered greater inclusion in society. However, its enforcement also faced many significant challenges, especially in rural areas and for small businesses due to limited economic conditions and lack of resources. Furthermore, the ADA places a significant focus on accommodating the need for physical abilities, which makes public society question whether the ADA can satisfy the needs of people with mental health and cognitive disabilities. Finally, the paper recommends regularly updating the ADA to integrate assistive technical supports. Continuous advocacy is required to enhance the position of the ADA as a legal tool for promoting equality and ensuring that all Americans can participate fully in their lives.