bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A pilot randomised trial of a brief virtual reality scenario in smokers unmotivated to quit: Assessing the feasibility of recruitment
Authors: Perski Olga , Jambharunkar Trupti , Brown Jamie , Kale Dimitra
Published: June 2022

Individual-level interventions for smokers unmotivated to quit remain scarce and have had limited success. Little is known about the potential of virtual reality (VR) for delivering messaging to smokers unmotivated to quit. This pilot trial aimed to assess the feasibility of recruitment and acceptability of a brief, theory-informed VR scenario and estimate proximal quitting outcomes. Unmotivated smokers (recruited between February-August 2021) aged 18+ years who had access to, or were willing to receive via post, a VR headset were randomly assigned (1:1) using block randomisation to view the intervention (i.e., a hospital-based scenario with motivational stop smoking messaging) or a ‘sham’ VR scenario (i.e., a scenario about the human body without any smoking-specific messaging) with a researcher present via teleconferencing software. The primary outcome was feasibility of recruitment (i.e., achieving the target sample size of 60 participants within 3 months of recruitment). Secondary outcomes included acceptability (i.e., positive affective and cognitive attitudes), quitting self-efficacy and intention to stop smoking (i.e., clicking on a weblink with additional stop smoking information). We report point estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The study protocol was pre-registered (osf.io/95tus). A total of 60 participants were randomised within 6 months (intervention: n = 30; control: n = 30), 37 of whom were recruited within a 2-month period of active recruitment following an amendment to gift inexpensive (£7) cardboard VR headsets via post. The mean (SD) age of participants was 34.4 (12.1) years, with 46.7% identifying as female. The mean (SD) cigarettes smoked per day was 9.8 (7.2). The intervention (86.7%, 95% CI = 69.3%-96.2%) and control (93.3%, 95% CI = 77.9%-99.2%) scenarios were rated as acceptable. Quitting self-efficacy and intention to stop smoking in the intervention (13.3%, 95% CI = 3.7%-30.7%; 3.3%, 95% CI = 0.1%-17.2%) and control (26.7%, 95% CI = 12.3%-45.9%; 0%, 95% CI = 0%-11.6%) arm were comparable. The target sample size was not achieved within the feasibility window; however, an amendment to gift inexpensive headsets via post appeared feasible. The brief VR scenario appeared acceptable to smokers unmotivated to quit.
You can’t report your feelings: The hidden labor of managing threats to safety by women in global public health fieldwork
Authors: McAuliffe Corey , Upshur Ross , Sellen Daniel , Di Ruggiero Erica
Published: June 2022

Increasing job market demand for and availability of Canadian and U.S. global academic health programs in post-secondary education increases student demand to participate in internationally based fieldwork, while supportive resources remain weakly developed. Previous studies indicate provisions to protect the health, safety, and well-being of women students remain inadequately addressed during training, while more research to identify needs, expectations, gaps, and best practices would inform policy and practice to improve conditions for women working off-campus on global public health studies. One approach, reported here, is to document and better understand the lived experience of U.S. or Canadian women graduate students participating in global public health fieldwork. Participant in-depth phenomenological interviews and guided writing exercises aimed to capture lived experience descriptions for 25 women. A phenomenology of practice was applied throughout the research process, following Max van Manen’s qualitative methodology approach. Loss of environmental familiarity, combined with graduate students’ lack of power, created considerable hidden labor described by women in working to keep themselves safe from sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) while participating in global public health fieldwork. Women shared specific experiences exemplifying how this can be both alleviated and/or intensified through a range of negotiated strategies, coping styles, and management techniques. Additionally, women recalled laboring as students to avoid or reduce instances of SGBV, that then, precluded them from having any material “of substance” to report once returned home. These findings offer new meaning structures, language for a foreign experience, or ways to describe, conceive of, and respond to global public health fieldwork that hold the potential to positively affect individuals’ experiences, institutional understanding, and thus practice, of future women students in global public health.
Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of sustained release oxycodone hydrochloride rectal administration for moderate to severe pain
Authors: Hou Xian Bing , Chen Dan Dan , Cheng Tong Fei , Wang Dan , Dai Xiao Jun , Wang Yao , Cui Bi Xian , Wang Yuan Yuan , Xu Hui , Chen Hong Zhou
Published: June 2022

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oxycodone hydrochloride (OxyContin) rectal administration in cancer pain patients. This is geared towards providing the research evidence for a novel route of OxyContin administration.

Methods

Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched in electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP database), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM). Moreover, unpublished academic data were obtained by contacting the colleague, professor, or Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The RCTs of transrectal Oxycodone administration of sustained-release tablets for moderate and severe pain patients were searched in the databases from inception to December 2020.

Results

According to the inclusion criteria, a total of 8 RCTs were included, with a total of 648 patients. Meta analysis results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the efficacy of moderate to severe pain control between the rectal administration group and the oral administration group (RR = 1.04, 95%CI: 0.99–1.10, p = 0.13>0.05). At the same time, the incidence of adverse reactions in the rectal administration group was low. In terms of constipation, the rectal administration group was less than the oral administration group, with a statistically significant difference (RR = 0.43, 95%CI: 0.31–0.58, p< 0.00001). In terms of nausea and vomiting, the rectal administration group was less than the oral administration group, and the difference was statistically significant(RR = 0.30, 95%CI: 0.21–0.42, p<0.00001). In terms of sleepiness, there was no significant difference between the two groups(RR = 0.54, 95%CI: 0.26–1.15, p = 0.11>0.05). In terms of dizziness, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (RR = 0.43, 95%CI:0.27–0.68, p = 0.31>0.05). In terms of dyuria, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (RR = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.02–7.02, p = 0.51>0.05). In terms of KPS scores there was no significant difference was noted between the rectal and oral administration groups (RR = 1.04, 95%CI: 0.89–1.21, p = 0.63>0.05).

Conclusion

In summary, we found no significant differences in efficacy between rectal administration of OxyContin and oral administration. Thus, rectal administration should be considered in managing cancer pain among patients with difficulty in oral OxyContin administration.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021209660.
The socio-economic and cultural impacts of the Pan Borneo Highway on Indigenous and local communities in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo
Authors: Abram Nicola Karen , Lim Hong Ye , Ng Casey Keat-Chuan , Yorath Sylvia , Razi Mohamed Haleem Mohamed , Ong Cynthia Gaik Suan , Chen Kok-On , Wilson Kenneth Brockington
Published: June 2022

Road and highway development can provide multiple benefits to society, but without careful planning, this development can result in negative social and environmental impacts. The 1,200 km Pan Borneo Highway project (PBH) in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, is constructing new highways and up-grading 2-lane roads to 4-lane highways. We assessed the potential impact of the PBH on communities using three width scenarios of 50m, 75m and 100m for planned highway alignments, and identified potentially impacted dwellings and community lands. We estimated that 65–93 villages will be impacted, and that 1,712–7,093 dwellings and 3,420–6,695 ha of community lands (e.g. paddy, oil palm smallholdings and rubber) may be lost to the PBH. Due to land tenure technicalities, many affected households may not get compensation for the loss of their homes and lands. The PBH will disproportionally impact Sabah’s Indigenous Peoples, with the Kadazandusun most affected. For this study to be constructive, we provide a low impact alternative alignment for a part of the PBH; discuss the socio-economic and cultural impacts of the PBH, and offer some perspectives on current planning procedures in Sabah to support more sustainable and equitable development.
Glycyrrhiza uralensis promote the metabolism of toxic components of Aconitum carmichaeli by CYP3A and alleviate the development of chronic heart failure
Authors: Ni Lulu , Miao Ping , Jiang Jian , Wan Fang , Li Jiangan , Ai Min , Kong Lingzhong , Tu Su
Published: June 2022

Aconitum, as "the first drug of choice for invigorating Yang and saving lives", has been widely used for the treatment of heart failure. However, toxic components of Aconitum can easily lead to serious arrhythmia, even death (Y. CT., 2009; Zhang XM., 2018). In this study, a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of aconitine (AC), mesaconitine (MA) and hypaconitine (HA) was established; The effect of Glycyrrhiza on CYP3A1 / 2 mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR; SD rats were given Aconitum and compatibility of Glycyrrhizae and Aconitum by gavage respectively, the blood concentration of toxic components were determined by LC-MS / MS; The CHF rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of adriamycin (2.5 mg / kg), and were randomly divided into model, Aconitum, the compatibility of Glycyrrhizae and Aconitum and Captopril group, 5 mice/group. After 4 weeks of gavage, the corresponding indexes were detected by ELISA and HPLC. The results showed that Ketoconazole significantly inhibited the metabolites of AC, MA and HA; Glycyrrhiza induced CYP3A gene expression; The level of ALD in the compatibility of Glycyrrhizae and Aconitum group was significantly lower than that in Aconitum group. After intervention with the compatibility of Glycyrrhizae and Aconitum, ATP increased, ADP decreased significantly. In conclusion, we found Glycyrrhiza promoted the metabolism of toxic components of Aconitum by up regulating the expression of CYP3A, and reduced the content of BNP, Ang II and ALD, improved the energy metabolism disorder of myocardium, alleviated the development of CHF.
Psychotherapeutic interventions for burns patients and the potential use with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis patients: A systematic integrative review
Authors: O’Reilly Pauline , Meskell Pauline , Whelan Barbara , Kennedy Catriona , Ramsay Bart , Coffey Alice , Fortune Donal G. , Walsh Sarah , Ingen-Housz-Oro Saskia , Bunker Christopher B. , Wilson Donna M. , Delaunois Isabelle , Dore Liz , Howard Siobhan , Ryan Sheila
Published: June 2022

Background

The existing evidence demonstrates that survivors of SJS/TEN have reported long-lasting psychological effects of their condition. Burns patients experience similar psychological effects. It is important to look at ways to help allay the psychological complications of SJS/TEN. As there is an absence of evidence on SJS/TEN psychotherapeutic interventions, it was judged to be beneficial to determine the evidence underpinning psychotherapeutic interventions used with burns patients.

Aims and objectives

The aim of this systematic integrative review was to synthesize the evidence relating to psychotherapeutic interventions used with adult burns patients and patients with SJS/TEN.

Method

The systematic review was guided by Whittemore and Knafl’s integrative review process and the PRISMA guidelines. Nine databases were searched for English and French language papers published January 2008 to January 2021. The protocol for the review was registered with PROSPERO.

Results

Following a screening process, 17 studies were included in the review. Two themes were identified using content analysis, (i) Empirically supported psychotherapeutic treatments, (ii) Alternative psychotherapeutic treatments. This review revealed no evidence on specific psychotherapeutic interventions for patients with SJS/TEN. Some of the interventions used with burns patients, viz. relaxation therapy, hypnosis and cognitive behavioral therapy showed some significant benefits. However, the evidence for burns patients is mainly focused on pain and pain anxiety as outcomes.

Conclusion

Following further research, some of the interventions deployed in burns patients may be applicable to SJS/TEN patients, particularly stress reduction techniques. In addition, the caring behaviours such as compassion, respect, and getting to know the patient as a person are important components to psychological care.
Changes in choroidal circulation hemodynamics during the menstrual cycle in young, healthy women
Authors: Haneda Mayumi , Hashimoto Yuki , Mishima Airi , Saito Daichi , Yoshitomi Takeshi
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The current study aimed to investigate the time course of changes in choroidal circulation hemodynamics and their relationship to systemic circulation dynamics during the normal menstrual cycle in young, healthy women using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG).

Methods

This prospective study included 26 eyes from 13 young, healthy women (21.3 ± 4.0 years) with a normal menstrual cycle and 24 eyes from 12 young, healthy men (21.8 ± 4.4 years) as a control group. The macular mean blur rate (MBR), a quantitative index of relative blood flow velocity in the choroid, was measured using LSFG. MBR, intraocular pressure (IOP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MBP), and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) were evaluated in the late follicular phase and mid-luteal phase in women and at baseline and 10 days after baseline in men, respectively.

Results

In the female group, IOP, SBP, DBP, MBP, and OPP values were significantly higher in the mid-luteal phase than those observed in the late follicular phase (P = 0.035, P < 0.001, P = 0.041, P = 0.001, P = 0.014, respectively). The average macular MBR values in the late follicular phase and mid-luteal phase were 12.7 ± 5.3 and 13.7 ± 6.6 (+7.7 ± 19.4%), representing a significant increase in the mid-luteal phase (P = 0.041). The rate of change in MBR exhibited a significant positive correlation with changes in DBP and MBP (R = 0.456, P = 0.019 and R = 0.474, P = 0.014). However, there were no significant changes in any of the factors in the male group during the study period.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that in young, healthy women with a normal menstrual cycle, choroidal blood flow velocity decreases during the late follicular phase and increases during the mid-luteal phase, depending on systemic circulatory dynamics.
Individualized prediction of risk of ascending aortic syndromes
Authors: Saleh Qais Waleed , Diederichsen Axel Cosmus Pyndt , Lindholt Jes Sanddal
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Although ascending aortic diameter changes acutely after dissection, recommendation for prophylactic surgery of thoracic aortic aneurysms rely on data from dissected aortas. In this case-control study we aim to identify risk markers for acute and chronic aortic syndromes of the ascending aorta (ACAS-AA). Furthermore, to develop a predictive model for ACAS-AA.

Methods

We collected data of 188 cases of ACAS-AA and 376 controls standardized to age- and sex of the background population. Medical history and CT-derived aortic morphology were collected. For the dependent outcome ACAS-AA, potential independent risk factors were identified by univariate logistic regression and confirmed in multivariate logistic regression. As post-dissection tubular ascending aortic diameter is prone to expand, this factor was not included in the first model. The individual calculated adjusted odds ratios were then used in ROC-curve analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the model. To test the influence of post-ACAS-AA tubular ascending aortic diameter, this was added to the model.

Results

The following risk factors were identified as independent risk factors for ACAS-AA in multivariate analysis: bicuspid aortic valve (OR 20.41, p = 0.03), renal insufficiency (OR 2.9, p<0.01), infrarenal abdominal aortic diameter (OR 1.08, p<0.01), left common carotid artery diameter (OR 1.40, p<0.01) and aortic width (OR 1.07, p<0.01). Area under the curve was 0.88 (p<0.01). Adding post-ACAS-AA tubular ascending aortic diameter to the model, negated the association of bicuspid aortic valve, renal insufficiency, and left common carotid artery diameter. Area under the curve changed to 0.98 (p<0.01).

Conclusions

A high performing predictive model for ACAS-AA, free of ascending aortic diameter, can be achieved. Furthermore, we have identified abdominal aortic ectasia as an independent risk factor of ACAS-AA. Integration of potential biomarkers and morphologic variables, derived from undissected aortas, would probably improve the model.
Knowledge, attitude, and hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccine among university students of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md. Mostafizur , Chisty Musabber Ali , Alam Md. Ashraful , Sakib Mohammed Sadman , Quader Masrur Abdul , Shobuj Ifta Alam , Halim Md. Abdul , Rahman Farzana
Published: June 2022

Global vaccination coverage is an urgent need to recover the recent pandemic COVID-19. However, people are concerned about the safety and efficacy of this vaccination program. Thus, it has become crucial to examine the knowledge, attitude, and hesitancy towards the vaccine. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among university students of Bangladesh. Total of 449 university students participated. Most of these students used the internet (34.74%), social media (33.41%), and electronic media (25.61%) as a source of COVID-19 vaccine information. Overall, 58.13% and 64.81% of university students reported positive knowledge and attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine. 54.34% of these students agreed that the COVID-19 vaccine is safe and effective. 43.88% believed that the vaccine could stop the pandemic. The Spearman’s Rank correlation determined the positive correlation between knowledge and attitude. The negative correlation was determined between positive knowledge and hesitancy, and positive attitude and hesitancy. University students with positive knowledge and attitude showed lower hesitancy. Multiple logistic regression analyses determined the university type and degree major as the predictors of knowledge, whereas only degree major was the predictor of attitudes. 26.06% of the study population showed their hesitancy towards the vaccine. University type and degree major were also determined as predictors of this hesitancy. They rated fear of side effects (87.18%) and lack of information (70.94%) as the most reasons for the hesitancy. The findings from this study can aid the ongoing and future COVID-19 vaccination plan for university students. The national and international authorities can have substantial information for a successful inoculation campaign.
Working for Willi Smith
Authors: Cameron Alexandra Cunningham
Published: June 2022

An essay about the American designer Willi Smith and his brand Williwear, focusing on the experience of curating the first ever exhibition of his work at Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum and the particular problems of archives in the case of streetwear designer of his generation.
My Comrade
Authors: Simpson Linda , Penney Alexis Blair
Published: June 2022

An interview by Alexis Penney with drag queen Linda Simpson about her night life photography, her zine MY COMRADE, and intergenerational dynamic between queer communities.
María Lugones Remains
Authors: Franco Josh T.
Published: June 2022

Artist project utilizing notes taken as a student in María Lugones seminars.
O DIREITO E OS MEIOS CONSENSUAIS DE RESOLUÇÃO DE CONFLITOS: O NEXO ENTRE A FORMAÇÃO DISCENTE E A ATUAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL
Authors: Bezerra Júnior José Albenes
Published: June 2022

Contextualização: Os recentes avanços legislativos e normativos na seara das políticas de consensualização de conflitos acenderam o discurso da relação entre o Direito e os meios consensuais de resolução de conflitos. O problema da pesquisa reside na necessidade de correlação ou nexo entre a formação discente e a atuação profissional.Objetivo: O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar essas políticas de consensualização de conflitos sob a perspectiva da formação acadêmica e a atuação profissional.Metodologia: A metodologia da pesquisa é documental e bibliográfica.Resultado: O resultado da pesquisa sinaliza que o desenvolvimento e o conhecimento do futuro profissional com as práticas consensuais de resolução de conflitos perpassam pelas ações planejadas, desenvolvidas e executadas durante a sua formação acadêmica.
Opinions and perceptions of Indigenous mental health applications from service providers and youth samples: a pilot study
Authors:   Deakin University, Silva-Myles Lucas , Blunden Sarah ,   Central Queensland University
Published: June 2022

Objective To evaluate opinions and perceptions around managing mental health and the relevance of available mental health applications (apps) for Indigenous youth populations by surveying values of Indigenous service providers and youth samples in a regional area, in order to better target online mental health information. Method Participants were 15 Indigenous youths (6 males, 9 females) with a mean (SD) age of 16.93 (2.37), and 30 Indigenous service providers (6 males, 24 females) with a mean age (SD) of 34.59 (12.26). Participants were recruited through a Queensland regional Indigenous community organisation, and given a face-to-face survey, (developed with Indigenous community members) during a social event. The survey asked how participants improve their mental health, their knowledge of current Indigenous mental health applications, and their perceived importance of values presented in those applications. Results Although Indigenous youth were not familiar with existing mental health apps, overall, participants agreed with the values presented in available mental health apps. Compared to Indigenous youth, service providers overall perceived presented values as significantly more important, and specifically found ‘Nature in the design’, ‘Themes of strength’, and ‘Themes of community’ to be most important. Regarding content, service providers and youth had different strategies for bolstering mental health with Indigenous sports stars the least popular in both groups. There were no statistical gender differences in thematic importance for bolstering mental health. Conclusions Mental health applications are little utilised by Indigenous youth so awareness needs to increase. In addition, these are viewed differently between service providers and youth. This may have relevance for uptake and usage of these apps within the mental health service delivery.
Review of sexual health issues linked with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males
Authors:   Monash University, Collins Veronica , Swann Tamara ,   Edith Cowan University, Burns Jane ,   Edith Cowan University, Moss Tim ,   Monash University, Adams Mick ,   Edith Cowan University
Published: June 2022

There are well established links between male sexual health conditions and chronic disease, particularly cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Erectile dysfunction (ED) and low testosterone are two sexual health conditions that are relatively common among the wider male population. However, there is a lack of data specifically about these sexual problems among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males. One of the most important findings of research regarding the links between sexual health and chronic disease is that ED can be a risk marker for future CVD or undiagnosed T2DM. Understanding these links can lead to more holistic health care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males, including the benefits of earlier diagnosis and treatment. Raising awareness of these issues and creating safe spaces for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males to talk about sexual health may also prevent some from suffering in silence with a sexual problem.
Intellectual Disability in the Australian Aboriginal Population: A Critical Review
Authors:   Monash Health, Chong Ryan , Bhandarkar Ritesh ,   Monash Health
Published: June 2022

Objectives Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are the Indigenous population of Australia. Australian Aboriginal people represent a small percentage of the overall Australian population. However, this population group has a higher rate of Intellectual Disability when compared to the non-Indigenous Australian population. This article aims to review the current literature regarding Intellectual Disability in the Australian Aboriginal Population, build on the current evidence base for Intellectual Disability specific to the Australian Aboriginal population, investigate if any changes to the evidence base have occurred, and identify areas where further research is required. This is in comparison to a literature review completed by Roy and Balaratnasingam in 2014. Methods Literature review. Results The literature review affirms that there exists a disproportionate representation of Intellectual Disability in the Australian Aboriginal population. It highlights the current focus on predisposing risk factors and the resulting risks associated with Intellectual Disability. It also highlights the current lack of evidence-based research around interventions for Intellectual Disability in the Australian Aboriginal population. Conclusions Australian Aboriginal people are disproportionately affected by Intellectual Disability which, as mental health practitioners in Australia, we believe is an area that urgently requires further research and redress. This literature review summarises the current evidence base and identifies potential areas for further research.
Review of cannabis use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
Authors:   Edith Cowan University, Butt Julia , Wilson Mandy ,   Curtin University of Technology, Jones Jocelyn ,   Curtin University of Technology, Lenton Simon ,   Curtin University of Technology
Published: June 2022

The health effects of cannabis use may not always be seen as a high priority for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. However, the impact of cannabis use on physical and mental health can have significant consequences. It is known that the use of high potency cannabis has increased over the last two decades, with a corresponding increased risk to health. In particular, young people are at increased risk of experiencing harms to mental health. Physical harms to health include effects on the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, an increased risk of cancer, and in-utero effects from maternal use. The review notes concern that in countries where there has been commercialisation of cannabis use, there has been an increase in the rate and use of high potency products. While generalising findings about cannabis use for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is problematic due to limited data, high rates of cannabis use have been found in some remote communities. The review highlights the protective factors that reduce harms from cannabis use and suggests future directions for a collaborative approach to addressing cannabis related harms in communities. This review is part of a suite of knowledge exchange products that includes a summary, a video, and a fact sheet.
Risk Perception and Response to the COVID-19 Infectious Disease Crisis
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Zhang Ke , Lee Jae Eun
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between economic risk, lifestyle, psychological state, and risk prevention behavior under COVID-19 risk perception. As a result of the analysis, it was found that risk perception regarding COVID-19 has a significant effect on economic risk, lifestyle, and psychological state. Based on these research results, the policy implications for the infectious disease crisis are as follows. First, in order to conduct education for the prevention of infectious diseases, it is necessary to develop and disseminate educational materials for each characteristic of infectious disease, and to enhance the infectious disease management capabilities of schools and offices of education. Second, in order to protect individual psychological health from infectious diseases, it is important to take measures such as psychological intervention and support. Third, the economic risk caused by COVID-19 requires the establishment of an institution at the government level. Considering the long-term spread of COVID-19, the high fatality rate and the degree of damage, it is difficult to solve the problem with disaster subsidies or disaster basic income alone, so it is necessary to link the tax system, disaster subsidy, and disaster basic income system.
The Effects of Individualism-collectivism, Sociotropy-autonomy, and Resilience on Alienation, Anxiety, and Depression during COVID-19 Pandemic in South Korea
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Kim Hee Kyung , Kim Young Seok , Jo Woong Rae , Seong Chae Eun
Published: June 2022

This study investigated the effects of individualism-collectivism, sociotropy-autonomy, and resilience on alienation, anxiety, and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea. A total of 646 participants (aged 20 - 74) took part in the online survey (December 6, 2020 - January 24, 2021). Resilience was the most powerful predictor of alienation, anxiety, and depression. Anxiety, depression, and comorbid groups were 28.9%, 44.9%, 25.1% respectively. Significant predictors of anxiety were female (OR = 1.95), income (OR = .86), sociotropy (OR = 2.10), autonomy (OR = 2.04), resilience (OR = .25) and alienation (OR = 2.34). Female (OR = 2.40), vertical individualism (OR = 1.41), sociotropy (OR = 1.99), resilience (OR = .21), and alienation (OR = 5.01) were significant predictors of depression. To alleviate anxiety and depression during COVID-19, it is important to reduce alienation and increase resilience.
Analysis on Characteristics of Occurrence Time and Region by Mountainous Sediment Disaster in Korea
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Lee Youn Tae , Kim Jin Hak , Yun Ju Ung
Published: June 2022

In Korea, mountainous sediment disaster can occur anytime everywhere in the area where mountain development has progressed by urbanization or densely populated area around mountain due to topographic and geological conditions. However, the mountainous sediment disaster has many difficulties in predicting the expected damage range, there is a limit to preparing precautionary measures in the areas where many casualties and properties are expected. This study was carried out to analyze occurrence and damage situation by sediment disaster in order to identify occurrence characteristics of sediment disaster. As a result, it showed that the damage caused by sediment disaster are high at dawn and night time vulnerable to recognize and respond to disaster. And it was found that the damage increase not only in rural areas but also in urban areas with increasing occurrence frequency. If the analysis for the time and regional characteristics of mountainous sediment disaster is conducted, it will be possible to provide basic data to establish comprehensive non-structural measures for mountainous sediment disaster by securing a stable living space.
Attitudes and Implications of Korean Citizens on Genome Editing Technology
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Han Dae Hyun , Choi Sang Ok
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to confirm the relationship between usual values (technology, health, environment, food) of Korean citizens and the industrial application and regulatory attitudes of genome editing technology(GET) and to provide a basis for citizen participation. Data from 553 people who recognized GET during the 2018-2019 ‘People’s Awareness Survey on Biotechnology’ by the Korea Biosafety Clearing House were analyzed. As a result, technology, environment and food values showed a positive correlation with industrial application(p<.01). Regarding regulatory attitudes, there was a negative correlation with technological values and a positive correlation with environmental values (p<.05). On the other hand, as a result of multinomial logistic regression analysis of the effect of values on industrial application agreement, all values showed influence(p<.001), and only technology values showed influence on regulatory attitudes(p<.05). It has been confirmed that citizens’ usual values are related to both industrial application of technology and regulation. Citizen participation will be very important in the introduction and implementation of policies for R&D of GET, securing safety and preventing accidents.
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Zhai Linpei , Lee Jae Eun
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to review the way how to use big data to improve the government’s crisis & emergency management capability to respond to public health crises and to suggest the future directions for improving the scientific application of big data analysis. This study classifies the specific manifestations of big data during the COVID-19 epidemic, and analyzes the advantages of using big data. Using big data to improve the government’s crisis management capabilities is mainly reflected in the following aspects: advancement of precision in response to the epidemic; promotion of the government’s internal and external cooperation; enhancement of the ability to respond to internet public opinion; promotion of the transformation of public decision-making from traditional experience to intelligent and scientific. In order to better integrate big data with public crisis governance, this study is concluded with a discussion of suggestions: improvement of big data application capabilities; enhancement of big data governance; people-oriented and paying attention to internet public opinion; innovation of public decision-making methods for big data governance.
The Effect of COVID-19 Situational Recognition on Vaccination Intention: Focusing on the Moderating Effect of Generation MZ’s Trust in Government
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Noh Hwan-Ho , Lee Tae Jun (David) , Ko Myeong Chul
Published: June 2022

The spread of COVID-19 leads to a variety of problems in society, economy, and institutional dimensions beyond physical problems. This is because COVID-19 is transmitted among people and causes problems, and it is necessary to the collective effort and interest, not personal effort or healing of diseases. In addition, this study aims to identify the role of government trust and the situational recognition of the MZ generation’s attitude toward vaccination in the situation where it is necessary to increase vaccination to form group immunity after the development of a vaccine. The results of the study showed that the higher the level of awareness of the COVID-19 situation, the higher the vaccination intention. In addition, as a result of moderating effect of government trust, people with low situation recognition levels have lower vaccination intention, but those with high government trust have no significant attenuation effect. In addition, the implications and limitations of the research results, and future research directions were discussed.
A Study on Urban Planning Flood Management Techniques Connected to Flood Risk: The Urban Regeneration Projects around Rivers
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Kim Bo Ram , Lee Chan Hee , Sim Ou Bae
Published: June 2022

Since the urban regeneration project area is a declining city, it is very vulnerable to disasters. However, they do not take disaster seriously when planning or promoting the urban regeneration project. In this study, a technique that can be used as a reference for urban regeneration projects was developed with a focus on floods that occur frequently in Korea. Through research, 25 urban planning flood management techniques were developed by reflecting the characteristics of urban regeneration projects around rivers. In addition, the techniques were applied to the Usan-dong urban regeneration project and seven complementary points (creation of buffer zones around rivers, trench installations on roads, etc.) were derived. These techniques can be applied to urban regeneration projects near rivers and will be helpful in developing cities that are safe from flooding.
Experience on Women’s Health Nursing Practicum of Nursing Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Using Mix-method Study
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Noh Yoongoo , Lee Insook
Published: June 2022

This study investigated the learning experiences of nursing students who participated in women’s health nursing practicum in the COVID-19 pandemic situation, and to identify the educational needs for women’s health nursing practicum. Research design adapts a mix-method study. The study was conducted with 10 students in focus group interviews and 31 students in the survey. We analyzed data through the qualitative content analysis and demand analysis using Borich analysis and Locus for Focus model. As a result of the content analysis, 4 categories and 18 subcategories were derived. The major result of the educational needs analysis, the highest priority items were understanding of practical education for women’s health nursing, understanding of the clinical situation of scenarios/cases, practical training hours, competency of nursing knowledge, and competency of problem-solving. This study is meaningful in that it analyzed the actual educational needs of learners. This results will contribute to the operation of learner-friendly, learner-centered curriculum. In future research, it is necessary to develop a curriculum for women’s health nursing practicum that reflecting the contents with high educational needs and attempt a study to evaluate its effect.
A Study on the Use of Extinguishing Agents to Increase Forest Fire Suppression Efficiency
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Ryu Juyeol , Kim Sung Yong , Seo Kyung Won , Lee Sun Joo , Kwon Chun Geun
Published: June 2022

Water has been known as a substance that can extinguish fires. Water is not only easily sourced from nature, but it has been naturally used to extinguish forest fires because it does not cost anything. However, when rivers, reservoirs, streams, etc. are frozen in winter, it may be difficult to use water for extinguishing. For this reason, other countries are used to fire extinguishing agents that have higher extinguishing performance than water to reduce the extinguishing time and amount of water. In this study, the extinguishing performance of wildfire suppressants was evaluated in line with the trend of other countries’s forest fire extinguishing technology and the fire extinguishing agent system applied to the extinguishing equipment. As a result, when a fire extinguishing agent is applied to forest fire extinguishing equipment, it is possible to extinguish the fire with about 6-20% less than water, and the time required for extinguishing is reduced by about 6-14%. In addition, if a line-froportioner-type gun mixing device is applied to a forest fire extinguishing vehicle, it can be constructed without a separate structural change.
Trauma and Aggression: The Sequential Mediating Effects of Anger Expression and Congruence
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Min Seon Ju , Kim Yo Wan
Published: June 2022

This study seeks to investigate the sequential mediating effects of the anger-out/in process and the degree of congruence in the relationship between trauma and aggression. For this purpose, data were collected by online self-reported surveys from 623 adult students at a cyber university, and frequency analysis, Cronbach-α coefficient confirmation, a descriptive statistical analysis, and a Pearson correlation analysis were conducted. Effects of relationship between each variables were verified by bootstrap verification, through the application of a sequential mediating effect model of SPSS Process macro, the sixth model. The results showed that trauma, the anger-out/in metric, congruence, and aggression were significantly correlated. In addition, trauma indirectly had a positive effect on aggression through anger-out/in, indirectly had a positive effect on aggression through congruence, and indirectly had a positive effect on aggression through anger-out/in and congruence. Hence, the hypothesis that the sequential mediating effects of anger-out/in and congruence will be significant in the relationship between trauma and aggression was adopted. In this study, the significance levels and limitations are revealed and follow-up studies are suggested.
Tobacco Use and Its Determinants among School Going Adolescents
Authors: Carol Pinheiro  , Alagurajan Krishnaveni  , Lakshmi Rajeev Thuruthiyath
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Tobacco use is a serious public health problem worldwide and it is the largest preventable risk factor for non-communicable diseases, also acting as a significant hurdle to development gains worldwide. Tobacco use among adolescents is increasing in epidemic proportions and this has profound public health implications. Although the single baseline measure of tobacco use in adolescence is unlikely to capture the lifetime risk of diseases, the prevalence of current tobacco use among adolescents is an important predictor of the future burden of tobacco-related diseases. Due to the enormous psychosocial and health effects of tobacco on childhood and adolescence, it is important to understand its burden and its associated socio-demographic factors for formulating effective tobacco control measures in adolescents. We wanted to estimate the prevalence of tobacco use among adolescents and determine the factors associated with tobacco use among adolescents in higher secondary schools in Ambalappuzha Block, Kerala.

METHODS

A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents in higher secondary schools in a block panchayat area in Kerala using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire. The use of tobacco was explored using the global school-based student health survey questionnaire (GSHS) and the associated factors were analysed using the chi-square test.

RESULTS

The prevalence of tobacco use which was categorised as ever users of tobacco was 13 % and the prevalence of smokeless tobacco use was 15.9 % among the study participants. A significant association was found between age, year of study, smoking status of parents, feeling of inability to study, poor academic grades and lack of confidence to face exams and tobacco use.

CONCLUSIONS

Tobacco use is an important risk behaviour among adolescent students. Risk behaviours can be made less damaging if addressed early in life and schools play an important role in addressing this public health problem by promoting healthy behaviours and lifestyles in adolescents.
Prophylactic Antitubercular Therapy Is Associated With Accelerated Disease Progression in Patients With Crohn's Disease Receiving Anti-TNF Therapy: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Liu Fen , Tang Jian , Ye Lingna , Tan Jinyu , Qiu Yun , Hu Fan , He Jinshen , Chen Baili , He Yao , Zeng Zhirong , Mao Ren , Cao Qian , Gao Xiang , Chen Minhu
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Prophylactic antitubercular therapy (ATT) is widely prescribed in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) receiving antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) treatment. However, antitubercular agents have been demonstrated to possess profibrotic effects. We aimed to evaluate whether ATT accelerated disease progression in patients with CD receiving anti-TNF treatment.

METHODS:

A retrospective, multicenter study was performed in CD patients presented with inflammatory behavior (B1) and treated with anti-TNF agents. Disease progression was defined as the development of a stricturing (B2) or penetrating (B3) phenotype. ATT users were propensity score-matched with non-ATT users. Survival and multivariable Cox analyses were used to identify factors associated with disease progression.

RESULTS:

We enrolled 441 patients, including 295 ATT users and 146 non-ATT users, with a median follow-up of 3.15 years (interquartile range: 1.6–4.7). The cumulative rates of disease progression in the ATT group were constantly higher than those in the non-ATT group after 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year follow-ups, respectively (P= 0.031). Multivariable Cox analysis identified ATT as an independent risk factor for disease progression using both the whole (hazard ratio = 2.22; 95% confidence interval: 1.11–4.48;P= 0.025) and propensity score-matched cohorts (hazard ratio = 2.35; 95% confidence interval: 1.07–5.14;P= 0.033). In subgroup analysis, patients receiving ATT ≥4.5 months had a significantly higher rate of disease progression compared with patients receiving ATT <4.5 months (P= 0.005) and non-ATT treatment (P= 0.036).

DISCUSSION:

Prophylactic ATT with duration over 4.5 months was associated with disease progression in patients with CD receiving anti-TNF treatment.
Relationship between Preparation and Attitude in 3-4 Year Old Children regarding Newborn Sibling
Authors: Andika Sari Diah , Nuryuliani Eneng , Prapti Ndaru , Pasco Bayan Rocelia
Published: June 2022

Purpose – The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the preparation for a newborn sibling and the attitude of children aged 3 to 4 years. This study was carried out in Kemayoran District, Central Jakarta.Design/methods/approach – The method used was a correlational quantitative research method. The sampling method was carried out using the one stage cluster sampling method from 8 sub-districts in Kemayoran District, Central Jakarta, Indonesia. A total of 240 mothers who have children aged 3-4 years with younger siblings were taken as samples.  Data collection technique used was a questionnaire.Findings – While the results of the study obtained a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.589, the results of the t test showed that tcount was 11.235> ttable namely, 1.651. It means there was a significant positive relationship between the preparation for a newborn sibling and the attitude of children aged 3-4 years. The coefficient of determination test results calcuated by SPSS v.22 program obtained R2   of 0.347 or KD of 34.7%. This means that the preparation for a newborn sibling was able to explain 34.7% of the attitude of children aged 3-4 years. Meanwhile, the remaining 65.3% was influenced by other variables which were not included in this study.Research implications/limitations – This study was limited to simple correlational research with one independent variable and one dependent variable. Future studies can explore greater with other related variables. Practical implications – From this study, it can be concluded that there was a significant and positive relationship between the preparation for a newborn sibling with the attitude of early childhood children aged 3-4 years.Originality/value – With careful preparation, parents who prepare for the arrival of a new sibling can form a positive attitude response in children aged 3-4 years.

Paper type Research paper