bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A machine learning approach for identification of gastrointestinal predictors for the risk of COVID-19 related hospitalization
Authors: Lipták Peter , Banovcin Peter , Rosoľanka Róbert , Prokopič Michal , Kocan Ivan , Žiačiková Ivana , Uhrik Peter , Grendar Marian , Hyrdel Rudolf
Published: March 2022

Background and aim

COVID-19 can be presented with various gastrointestinal symptoms. Shortly after the pandemic outbreak, several machine learning algorithms were implemented to assess new diagnostic and therapeutic methods for this disease. The aim of this study is to assess gastrointestinal and liver-related predictive factors for SARS-CoV-2 associated risk of hospitalization.

Methods

Data collection was based on a questionnaire from the COVID-19 outpatient test center and from the emergency department at the University Hospital in combination with the data from internal hospital information system and from a mobile application used for telemedicine follow-up of patients. For statistical analysis SARS-CoV-2 negative patients were considered as controls in three different SARS-CoV-2 positive patient groups (divided based on severity of the disease). The data were visualized and analyzed in R version 4.0.5. The Chi-squared or Fisher test was applied to test the null hypothesis of independence between the factors followed, where appropriate, by the multiple comparisons with the Benjamini Hochberg adjustment. The null hypothesis of the equality of the population medians of a continuous variable was tested by the Kruskal Wallis test, followed by the Dunn multiple comparisons test. In order to assess predictive power of the gastrointestinal parameters and other measured variables for predicting an outcome of the patient group the Random Forest machine learning algorithm was trained on the data. The predictive ability was quantified by the ROC curve, constructed from the Out-of-Bag data. Matthews correlation coefficient was used as a one-number summary of the quality of binary classification. The importance of the predictors was measured using the Variable Importance. A 2D representation of the data was obtained by means of Principal Component Analysis for mixed type of data. Findings with the p-value below 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

A total of 710 patients were enrolled in the study. The presence of diarrhea and nausea was significantly higher in the emergency department group than in the COVID-19 outpatient test center. Among liver enzymes only aspartate transaminase (AST) has been significantly elevated in the hospitalized group compared to patients discharged home. Based on the Random Forest algorithm, AST has been identified as the most important predictor followed by age or diabetes mellitus. Diarrhea and bloating have also predictive importance, although much lower than AST.

Conclusion

SARS-CoV-2 positivity is connected with isolated AST elevation and the level is linked with the severity of the disease. Furthermore, using the machine learning Random Forest algorithm, we have identified the elevated AST as the most important predictor for COVID-19 related hospitalizations.
Relationship between circadian genes and memory impairment caused by sleep deprivation
Authors: Ke Peng , Zheng Chengjie , Liu Feng , Wu LinJie , Tang Yijie , Wu Yanqin , Lv Dongdong , Chen Huangli , Qian Lin , Wu Xiaodan , Zeng Kai
Published: March 2022

Background

Sleep deprivation (SD)-induced cognitive impairment is highly prevalent worldwide and has attracted widespread attention. The temporal and spatial oscillations of circadian genes are severely disturbed after SD, leading to a progressive loss of their physiological rhythms, which in turn affects memory function. However, there is a lack of research on the role of circadian genes and memory function after SD. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between circadian genes and memory function and provide potential therapeutic insights into the mechanism of SD-induced memory impairment.

Methods

Gene expression profiles of GSE33302 and GSE9442 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were applied to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequently, both datasets were subjected to Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to determine the overall gene changes in the hippocampus and brain after SD. A Gene Oncology (GO) analysis and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) analysis were employed to explore the genes related to circadian rhythm, with their relationship and importance determined through a correlation analysis and a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), respectively. The water maze experiments detected behavioral changes related to memory function in SD rats. The expression of circadian genes in several critical organs such as the brain, heart, liver, and lungs and their correlation with memory function was investigated using several microarrays. Finally, changes in the hippocampal immune environment after SD were analyzed using the CIBERSORT in R software.

Results

The quality of the two datasets was very good. After SD, changes were seen primarily in genes related to memory impairment and immune function. Genes related to circadian rhythm were highly correlated with engagement in muscle structure development and circadian rhythm. Seven circadian genes showed their potential therapeutic value in SD. Water maze experiments confirmed that SD exacerbates memory impairment-related behaviors, including prolonged escape latencies and reduced numbers of rats crossing the platform. The expression of circadian genes was verified, while some genes were also significant in the heart, liver, and lungs. All seven circadian genes were also associated with memory markers in SD. The contents of four immune cells in the hippocampal immune environment changed after SD. Seven circadian genes were related to multiple immune cells.

Conclusions

In the present study, we found that SD leads to memory impairment accompanied by changes in circadian rhythm-related genes. Seven circadian genes play crucial roles in memory impairment after SD. Naïve B cells and follicular helper T cells are closely related to SD. These findings provide new insights into the treatment of memory impairment caused by SD.
Ultrasound and Colour Doppler Evaluation of Nodular Thyroid Masses
Authors: Rayar Vinoth , Arimappamagan Alli , Viswanathan Senthilnathan , Venkatesh KA Dharan
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Ultrasonography (USG) of thyroid nodules is a safe, non-invasive and effective method for evaluation of nodular thyroid masses. They give a clear cut characteristic of the thyroid nodule besides their site, shape, size and number. However, its efficacy and role in differentiating nodules as benign and malignant is not well documented. Aim: To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of USG and colour doppler in differentiating a malignant thyroid nodule from a benign lesion. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was carried out among 52 patients clinically diagnosed with thyroid, from January 2018 to June 2019. After obtaining ethical approval and informed consent, USG and colour doppler were performed on these participants. The findings were evaluated based on hypoechogenicity, microcalcification, vascularity. The diagnostic accuracy of USG and colour doppler was evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) in comparison with the postsurgical histopathology findings. Results: Forty two nodules were benign while 10 were malignant. It was observed that the sensitivity was 100% for detection of halo and presence of vascularity. The specificity was 97.6% for calcification and 76.2% for vascularity. Assessment of lymph node had higher sensitivity (70%) and specificity (100%) with high positive (100%) and negative (93.3%) predictive values. Conclusion: Ultrasound and colour doppler imaging features such as inhomogeniety, presence of vascularity, halo and lymph node with malignant features had excellent histopathological correlation with malignancy.
Health Effects caused by Noise - The Case of Africa: Evidence in Literature from the Past 25 Years
Authors: Osei Francis A. , Effah Esther A.
Published: March 2022

This narrative review paper is centred on researches conducted in Africa from the past Twenty-Five (25) years which reveals the health effects caused by noise pollution. Noise pollution has become a global menace. The various areas of noise reception, the health effects reported, sources, noise and exposure levels identified are described. Consistencies and discrepancies among results of various researches are elaborated. Finally, the implications of findings and any new research fields spotted are spelt out.
Physicochemical and Microbiological Analysis of Ikogosi Warm Water Spring
Authors: Olaleye A. C. , Ilesanmi T. M. , Oladipo O. O.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Water is one of the indispensable natural resources for the continued existence of all living things including man.

Aims: This study investigated the bacterial diversity in Ikogosi warm spring in Ekiti State, Nigeria.

Methodology: Water samples were taken for analyses from Ikogosi warm spring and analyses were made of the hot stream, cold stream, and meeting point region. Twenty isolates were characterized by morphological, biochemical, physiological characteristics and thermophilic screening was carried out.

Results: The results revealed that electrical conductivity was 215.050 μmS/cm, (cold); 320.500 μmS/cm (warm), and 305 μmS/cm (meeting point), temperature was close (24.5oC, cold to 37oC, warm). pH, total dissolved solids and chlorine were all far below the WHO guideline values. Average ranges of the heavy metals in water samples were: 1.080, 0.424 and 0.343 ppm iron (Fe) in hot, cold and meeting point samples respectively, 0.010, 0.006 and 0.004 ppm lead (Pb) in hot, cold and meeting point samples respectively; and 0.006, 0.010 and 0.019 ppm chromium (Cr) in hot, cold and meeting point samples respectively. Nickel (Ni), Arsenic (As) and Cadmium (Cd) were not detected. Bacteria majorly found in water samples were Bacillus spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Staphylococcus spp. Out of the twenty (20) isolates screened at high temperature range of 45oC to 65oC, all grew at 45oC and 50oC while nine (9) grew at 55oC. Only two isolates were able to survive at 60oC, while none grew at 65oC.

Conclusion: These isolates can be in the production of thermostable enzymes which can be used in biotechnology.
Determination of Seroprevalence and Associated Factors of Helicobacter Pylori Infection among Bangladeshi and Somalian Students
Authors: Nahar Ferdous Rabeya , Abubakar Mohamud Bashir , Md. Zahurul Haque Asna Shah , Moniruzzaman Mohammad
Published: March 2022

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections are the prime health concern nowadays as this may lead to peptic ulcer diseases and several types of stomach cancer. Factors including genetic, socioeconomic, ecological, personal hygiene and sanitation, and bacterial features are accountable for the predominance and development of disease. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of H. pylori and their association with age, sex, food habits and source, irregular meals, and physical activities among Bangladeshi and Somalian students. Cross-sectional structured questionnaires were used to collect demographic, food habits and lifestyle data. A total 80 Bangladeshi (32) and Somalian (48) students participated in this study. Selected students were invited to the laboratory to provide blood samples for H. pylori IgG antibody detection through Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (ELISA) method.  Data from the survey and laboratory were analyzed using SPPS v.26. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to find an association between H. pylori infection and factors. Around 55% of the participants were found seropositive. Among them Somalian students were prevalently higher than Bangladeshi students. Mostly younger males were found seropositive regardless of age and educational level. Multivariate analysis revealed gender (OR:4.524, CI:1.526-13.407), ethnic origin (OR:4.200, CI:1.622-10.872), skipping of meals (OR:8.600, CI:0.984-75.151) and breakfast (OR:11.205, CI: 3.740-33.568) and physical activity levels (OR:0.286, CI:0.113-0.721) were significantly linked with H. pylori infections. More than two-third Somalian students (68.7%) were infected with H. pylori whereas one-third of Bangladeshi students were found positive. Somalian students were found to be less active and the pattern of skipping meals and breakfast was higher compared to Bangladeshi counterparts. Somalian students probably carried H. pylori infection from their native land, and less physical activity and mistiming of taking meals enhanced the infection. Communication barriers and food preferences could be other reasons. To prevent this infection, we suggest cleanliness, a healthy life style and nutritious meals with adequate physical activities are obligatory.
Energy use Pattern in Cotton and Groundnut Production in the Gezira Scheme, Gezira State, Sudan
Authors: D. Elfadil Abdelkarim
Published: March 2022

This research examines the energy use patterns and energy input–output analysis of cotton, and groundnut in the Gezira Scheme which is the largest irrigated scheme in Sudan. Inputs and energy sources were determined by a face to face questionnaire applied to 200 farmers. For the cotton crop, the inputs and output energy were calculated as 27659.28MJ/ha and 28084MJ/ha, respectively. Fertilizer was the highest input (62.29%), followed by water (28.10%). Energy efficiency, energy productivity, specific energy and water productivity were 1.01, 0.09kg/MJ,11.62MJ/kg, 0.31kg/m3, respectively. For the groundnut crop, the inputs and output energy were calculated as10222.83MJ/ha and 67372MJ/ha, respectively. Water was the highest input (72.25%), followed by seeds (8.56%). Energy efficiency, energy productivity, specific energy and water productivity were 6.59, 0.40kg/MJ,2.51MJ/kg, 0.29kg/m3, respectively.it could be concluded that these crops are heavily dependent on nonrenewable energy.
Bharat’s Solar Energy: An Analysis Using Porters Diamond Model with a Brief on Ancient Past for Environmentally Sustainable Competitive Advantage
Authors: Kokku Randheer
Published: March 2022

Objective of this paper is to analyze solar energy as environmentally sustainable area of competitive advantage for Bharat using diamond model with a brief on its ancient past. Bharat is time tested philosophy and culture. Ancient genesis of Bharat was scientifically strong, economically prosperous and socially enlighten with Sun being the centripetal force. Bharat’s solar energy industry is in developing stage.  Its ancient vedic school system explored “Pancha Bhuta” (five elements) as sun, space, water, air and earth giving knowledge to conduct life cordially in coexistence with these elements. Upon analyzing environmentally sustainable areas using diamond model it is found that Bharat is in advantageous position in area of solar energy.

On solar energy front it is found Bharat has taken big leap with an objective of achieving 175 GW installation by 2025 of which 100 GW was achieved by 2020. Technological factor conditions PV and CSP of Bharat are highest in world and it stood second in 2017 on “Renewable Energy Attractiveness Index”. Geographical condition of four to seven kWh/m2 per day of solar energy is very favorable. Huge demand growth of 1118 Mtoe by 2025 to 1921 Mtoe by 2040 is driven by large solar energy corporations as front runners. Challenges to be addressed are grid connectivity, de-centralized production and consumption. To counter the perils of global warming, exploring solar energy as one of the environmentally sustainable areas is mandatory. Bharat can lead this race by creating competitive advantage derived from active support of government, innovation of low-cost solar technologies, present technologies and vedic history footing towards a sustainable future.
Development & Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Quantitative Estimation of Dasatinib and its Impurities in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Jogarao Y. S. R. V. S. , Bharath Ponnuri , Ramakrishna V. Siva , Ramachandran D.
Published: March 2022

Aim: The primary objective of the research work is to develop a effective, sensitive, economical and simple reverse phase HPLC method for the separation and quantification of Dasatinib and its impurities are described in tablet formulations.

Study Design: HPLC based quantification studies.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh between April 2021 and August 2021.

Methodology: Separation and quantification of Dasatinib and its impurities are done by using an Inertsil ODS-3V, 250 x 4.6 mm, 5µm and the mobile phase consists of two Channels A and B. Channel-A: pH 5.80 phosphate buffer : acetonitrile (90:10 v/v)   and Channel-B: acetonitrile : water (90:10 v/v). The flow rate is 1.0 ml/min. The column temperature was maintained at 25°C and sample temperature was maintained at 25°C, injection volume 10 µL and wavelength fixed at 320nm UV-detection.

Results: There is no interference of diluent and placebo at Dasatinib and impurities peaks. The elution order and the retention times of impurities and Dasatinib obtained from individual standard preparations and mixed standard preparations are comparable.

The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) for Dasatinib standard 0.147&0.048 µg/mL, impurity-A 0.334&0.110 µg/mL, impurity-C 0.184&0.061 µg/mL,  impurity-D 0.136&0.045 µg/mL, impurity-E 0.089&0.029 µg/mL  and impurity-F 0.222 & 0.073 µg/mL respectively.

The linearity results for Dasatinib and all the impurities in the specified concentration range are found satisfactory, with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.99.Calibration curve was plotted and correlation co-efficient for Dasatinib and its impurities found to be 1.000, 0.9999, 0.9912, 1.000, 0.9932 and 0.9922 respectively.

The accuracy studies were shown as % recovery for Dasatinib and its impurities at specification level. The limit of % recovered shown is in the range of 80 and 120% and the results obtained were found to be within the limits. Hence the method was found to be accurate.

The method has validated as per ICH guidelines and all the validation parameters are satisfy the ICH Q2 specification acceptance limits

Conclusion:  The developed LC method was validated with respect to specificity, precision, linearity, ruggedness and robustness. Therefore this method has high probability to adopt in pharmaceutical industry for regular analysis of Dasatinib tablet formulations.
ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE AS ANÁLISES CEFALOMÉTRICAS MANUAL E DIGITAL, MEDIANTE A UTILIZAÇÃO DO SOFTWARE “DENTOFACIAL PLANNER PLUS”
Authors: Marianetti Livia Vaz Sampaio , Sobral Márcio Costa , Bittencourt Marcos Alan Vieira
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: comparar as análises cefalométricas realizadas manualmente e por meio digital, através da utilização do software “Dentofacial Planner Plus”TM. Materiais e Métodos: foram selecionadas, aleatoriamente, 30 radiografias cefalométricas em norma lateral, oriundas do arquivo de pacientes tratados na clínica do Curso de Especialização em Ortodontia da UFBA. Sobre estas, foram realizados, manualmente, os traçados cefalométricos e, em seguida, a digitalização destes e das radiografias correspondentes. Foram avaliadas as medidas angulares e lineares SNA, SNB, GoGn/SN, ângulo do plano mandi- bular, 1-NA e 1-NB, geradas mediante a mensuração convencional e a utili- zação do software. Os resultados foram submetidos a tratamento estatístico, sendo utilizado o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, objetivando verificar a concordância entre as diferentes maneiras de mensuração. Também foram avaliados considerando-se o percentual com que estavam situados na faixa de variação correspondente a um grau ou um milímetro, para as medidas angu- lares ou lineares, respectivamente, sendo esta faixa considerada de precisão. Resultados: observou-se que, na digitalização radiográfica, foi encontrado coeficiente de correlação superior a 0,947 em todas as variáveis, exceto na variável 1-NA, que foi de 0,891. Observou-se, também, que o percentual de medidas situadas na faixa de precisão variou entre 46,7% e 73%. A digitalização do traçado apresentou coeficiente de correlação superior a 0,984 para todas as variáveis. Quanto ao percentual de medidas precisas, foi observada variação entre 56,7% e 100%. Conclusão: o método computadorizado foi considerado preciso, particularmente na comparação entre o método manual e a digitaliza- ção do cefalograma. Na digitalização radiográfica, o método computadorizado apresentou alto índice de confiabilidade, exceto para a medida linear 1-NA.
OSTEOPOROSE: FISIOPATOLOGIA, TRATAMENTO E INTERAÇÕES COM A ODONTOLOGIA
Authors: De Souza Beatrice Medeiros , Dos santos Luís Claúdio Cardoso , Santos Graziele Beanes da Silva , De Jesus Viviane Cruz , Rodriguez Tânia Tavares
Published: March 2022

A osteoporose é um distúrbio ósseo multifatorial e progressivo, caracterizado pela redução da massa óssea e destruição da microarquitetura óssea. Trata-se de uma patologia cujos principais grupos de risco são mulheres na pós-meno- pausa, diabéticos, idosos e, em menor escala, usuários de glicocorticóides. O desenvolvimento da doença está relacionado ao elemento cálcio. No controle deste metabolismo estão envolvidos os hormônios Vitamina D, Paratormônio, Calcitonina e Estrogênio. Os principais métodos de diagnóstico da doença são a tomografia computadorizada e a densitometria óssea. As radiografias panorâ- micas são exames imaginológicos de uso rotineiro na prática odontológica que podem auxiliar na detecção da osteopenia, condição inicial para o desenvol- vimento da osteoporose. O conhecimento mais aprofundado da osteoporose pelo cirurgião dentista é necessário, uma vez que a doença está relacionada com a reabsorção do processo alveolar, perda dentária e fraturas, e o uso de bifosfonados para o seu tratamento por um longo período podem inviabilizar procedimentos odontológicos, como implantes e exodontias. O presente estudo visa revisar a literatura a respeito desta patologia citando a definição, relevância do cálcio na fisiopatologia da doença, as principais manifestações clínicas e a importância das radiografias no diagnóstico deve também alertar os graduandos e profissionais da Odontologia a respeito da importância do conhecimento da osteoporose. Foram pesquisados artigos publicados nos últimos 20 anos dispo- níveis em bases de dados on-line, utilizando-se os descritores “Osteoporose’’, “Odontologia”, “Fisiopatologia” e “Fisiopatologia”.
ETIOLOGIA DAS FISSURAS LABIO-PALATINAS: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Maranhão Samário Cintra , Sá Jamile de Oliveira , Telles Letícia , Reis Sílvia Regina de Almeida , Medrado ALena R. A. Peixoto
Published: March 2022

As fendas labiais, labiopalatinas e palatinas são anomalias resultantes de de- feitos na fusão dos processos craniofaciais. Estas alterações apresentam uma incidência variada e são mais comuns na forma não sindrômica (FL/PNS). A etiologia desta anomalia é considerada multifatorial, com fortes evidências da interferência de fatores genéticos e ambientais. Etnia, uso de tabaco e álcool são exemplos de fatores que interferem no risco para o desenvolvimento das fissuras. O completo entendimento deste conjunto de fatores é fundamental para a formulação de estratégias para o desenvolvimento de novos estudos que objetivem relacionar o desenvolvimento das fissuras e as suas condicionantes genéticas e ambientais. Um levantamento epidemiológico alicerçado em uma sólida base teórica se desenvolve de forma mais objetiva e eficaz. A posse deste conhecimento permitirá, a posteriori, o entedimento de dados coletados e o desenvolvimento de estratégias de intervenção com finalidade preventiva.
LESÕES BUCAIS ASSOCIADAS AO USO DE PRÓTESES DENTÁRIAS REMOVÍVEIS: EXPERIÊNCIA DO SERVIÇO DE ESTOMATOLOGIA DA FACULDADE DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UFBA
Authors: Cheffer Letícia Almeida , Rocha Clarissa Araújo Gurgel , Falcão Antônio Fernando Pereira , Lambert Patrícia Leite Ribeiro , Sarmento Viviane Almeida
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência de lesões bucais associadas ao uso de próteses dentárias removíveis em pacientes atendidos no Serviço de Estomatologia da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFBA (FOUFBA), Salvador, BA, Brasil. Materiais e métodos: Um estudo transversal foi realizado por meio da recuperação de 644 prontuários de pacientes atendidos no período de janeiro de 2007 a de- zembro de 2012. Foram coletados os seguintes dados: sexo, idade, diagnóstico e sítio anatômico envolvido. Resultados: Verificou-se que dos 644 prontuários revisados, 13,5% (n=87) apresentavam algum tipo de lesão associada ao uso de próteses removíveis. As mulheres foram mais frequentemente acometidas (75,86%; n=66) e a média de idade foi de 56,66 (±13,45) anos. Os diagnósticos mais frequentes foram: candidíase (39,42%; n=41), hiperplasia fibrosa infla- matória (38,46%; n=40), hiperplasia papilar (8,65%; n=9), úlceras traumáticas (8,65%; n=9), hiperceratose (3,84%; n=4) e queilite angular (0,96%; n=1). O sítio anatômico mais envolvido foi o palato (44,85%; n=50). Conclusão: As lesões bucais associadas ao uso de próteses removíveis representam um impor- tante grupo de doenças em pacientes atendidos no Serviço de Estomatologia da FOUFBA, principalmente a candidíase e a hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória. Portanto, a reabilitação oral com próteses removíveis deve ser bem orientada e acompanhada pelo cirurgião-dentista, visando à manutenção da saúde bucal.
MICROGNATIA MANDIBULAR TRATADA POR DISTRAÇÃO OSTEOGÊNICA EM CRIANÇA – RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Avelino Aida Camila Estevam , Araújo Ana Claúdia da Silva , Valente Rômulo Oliveira de Hollanda , Gaspar Alfredo de Aquino , Figueiredo Leonardo Morais Godoy
Published: March 2022

A distração osteogênica para avanço mandibular é um tratamento viável para pacientes portadores de deformidades dentofaciais, além de ser o tipo de dis- tração mais utilizada nos ossos maxilofaciais. É muito empregada nos casos de micrognatia mandibular, em que é necessário realizar avanços de grande magnitude. A distração osteogênica favorece a harmonia facial, recupera a função do sistema estomatognático, a fonação, além de ser uma alternativa à osteotomia sagital bilateral do ramo mandibular. O objetivo do presente estudo é descrever um relato de caso clínico de uma paciente com 9 anos de idade, que apresentou um quadro de limitação de abertura bucal acentuada, micrognatia mandibular de causa idiopática, assim como discutir a utilização da distração osteogênica como conduta terapêutica para esta deformidade dentofacial.
FRENECTOMIA LABIAL INFERIOR EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Nunes Ana Carla Robatto , Queiroz Luara Sodré Nunes , Ribeiro Érica Del Peloso
Published: March 2022

O freio labial consiste em uma prega de tecido fibroso localizada na linha mediana, de base triangular voltada para apical, inserida na superfície interna do lábio até a porção profunda do rebordo alveolar. Têm capacidade de adap- tação aos movimentos dos lábios, promovem estabilização da linha mediana e impedem a exposição excessiva da gengiva. Possuem estrutura dinâmica, estando sujeitos às mudanças de forma, tamanho e posição ao longo das fases de crescimento e desenvolvimento. Quando a inserção do freio labial inferior encontra-se posicionada adjacente à gengiva marginal pode levar a transtornos gengivais ou periodontais, sendo necessária a realização da frenectomia, um procedimento cirúrgico de excisão do freio. O objetivo do presente trabalho é revisar e discutir as indicações e a técnica de frenectomia labial inferior em pacientes odontopediátricos por meio do relato de caso. Paciente de 07 anos, sexo feminino no qual a indicação do procedimento cirúrgico foi a escolha do tratamento para prevenir a ocorrência de recessão gengival.
AVALIAÇÃO DO GRAU DE SATISFAÇÃO DE PACIENTES ODONTOPEDIÁTRICOS EM TRATAMENTO ODONTOLÓGICO COM ISOLAMENTO ABSOLUTO NA FACULDADE INDEPENDENTE DO NORDESTE EVALUATION OF THE DEGREE OF SATISFACTION OF ODONTOPEDIATRIC PATIENTS TO ODONTOLOGICAL TREATMENT WITH AB
Authors: Amorim Andressa Muniz , Carvalho Milena Tavares , Coelho Patrícia Maria
Published: March 2022

As manobras comportamentais para pacientes odontopediátricos sãode suma importância na conduta clínica. Já que procedimento paraeste público pode gerar medo e ansiedade como, por exemplo, o isolamentoabsoluto convencional utilizando dique de borracha e gramposem busca de um campo operatório limpo e seco. Objetivo: desteestudo foi analisar o grau de satisfação de pacientes odontopediátricossubmetidos a tratamentos odontológicos utilizando isolamentoabsoluto posteriormente ao manejo comportamental na Clínica Escolade Odontologia da disciplina de Odontopediatria da FaculdadeIndependente do Nordeste (FAINOR). Material e Método: Trata-se deum estudo transversal com amostra de 40 pacientes submetidos a tratamentoscom uso do isolamento absoluto. Foi realizado um questionáriosemiestruturado, com respostas categorizadas em “carinhas”, expressandosatisfação (“carinha” feliz), indiferença (“carinha” regular) ouinsatisfação (“carinha” triste) acerca do isolamento absoluto durante otratamento. Os dados do questionário foram validados segundo Buchanane Niven. Resultados: Apresentados indicam que o isolamentoabsoluto foi aceito pelas crianças, pois 70% da amostra sentiram tranquilasvisto que 60% realizariam retratamento odontológico utilizandoo isolamento absoluto. Conclusão: Ainda com 32,5% das respostasdas crianças de insatisfação foram por conta do grampo no dente, destaforma o isolamento foi bem tolerado por elas.ABSTRACTBehavioral maneuvers for pediatric dentistry patients are of paramountimportance in clinical management. Since procedure for this publiccan generate fear and anxiety like, for example, the absolute absoluteisolation using rubber dam and clamps in search of a clean and dryoperative field. Objective: of this study was to analyze the degree ofsatisfaction of pediatric dentistry patients submitted to dental treatmentsusing absolute isolation after the behavioral management at theDentistry Clinic of the Odontopediatrics Department of the FaculdadeIndependente do Nordeste (FAINOR). Material and Method: Thiswas a cross-sectional study with a sample of 40 patients submitted totreatments using absolute isolation. A semistructured questionnairewas used, with responses categorized as “faces”, expressing satisfaction(“happy face”), indifference (“regular face”) or dissatisfaction (“sadface”) about absolute isolation during treatment. The questionnairedata were validated according to Buchanan and Niven. Results: Theabsolute isolation was accepted by the children, since 70% of the samplefelt calm, since 60% would perform dental retreatment using absoluteisolation. Conclusion: Still with 32.5% of the children’s responsesof dissatisfaction were due to the clamp in the tooth, in this way theisolation was well tolerated by them.
DRP1 contributes to head and neck cancer progression and induces glycolysis through modulated FOXM1/MMP12 axis
Authors: Huang Tai‐Lin , Chang Chuang‐Rung , Chien Chih‐Yen , Huang Gong‐Kai , Chen Yi‐Fan , Su Li‐Jen , Tsai Hsin‐Ting , Lin Yu‐Sheng , Fang Fu‐Min , Chen Chang‐Han
Published: March 2022

Abnormal DRP1 expression has been identified in a variety of human cancers. However, the prognostic potential and mechanistic role of DRP1 in head and neck cancer (HNC) are currently poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated a significant upregulation of DRP1 in HNC tissues, and that DRP1 expression correlates with poor survival of HNC patients. Diminished DRP1 expression suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in both in vitro and in vivo models. DRP1 expression was positively correlated with FOXM1 and MMP12 expression in HNC patient samples, suggesting pathological relevance in the context of HNC development. Moreover, DRP1 depletion affected aerobic glycolysis through the downregulation of glycolytic genes, and overexpression of MMP12 in DRP1‐depleted cells could help restore glucose consumption and lactate production. Using ChIP‐qPCR, we showed that DRP1 modulates FOXM1 expression, which can enhance MMP12 transcription by binding to its promoter. We also showed that miR‐575 could target 3’UTR of DRP1 mRNA and suppress DRP1 expression. Collectively, our study provides mechanistic insights into the role of DRP1 in HNC and highlights the potential of targeting the miR‐575/DRP1/FOXM1/MMP12 axis as a novel therapy for the prevention of HNC progression.
Fast finite‐time adaptive fuzzy control for quantized stochastic uncertain nonlinear systems
Authors: Ren Pengxu , Wang Fang
Published: March 2022

The issue of fast finite‐time adaptive control is studied for quantized stochastic nonlinear systems. Unlike the existing works about fast finite‐time control, the input signals are quantized, and the stochastic disturbances and nonlinear functions are unknown. According to universal approximation capacity of fuzzy logic system, combined with backstepping technique, a novel fast finite‐time adaptive fuzzy control strategy of quantized stochastic nonlinear system is proposed. The nonlinear decomposition method is introduced to set up the relationship among the control signals and the quantization signals, which overcomes the technical difficulties result from the piecewise quantization input. The proposed tactics can assure the tracking error situate in a neighborhood of the origin point and the closed‐loop system signals keep bounded. Finally, an algorithm simulation is conducted to test the validity of the method.
Report: Involving the recovering reduces stigma in justice system
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: March 2022

A new report suggests that reducing stigmatization of justice‐involved individuals with substance use disorders requires participation of individuals with lived experience at multiple levels — from educating justice professionals to assisting in the development of support strategies to working in treatment initiatives as peers. A leading justice expert who was among many contributors to the report considers reducing stigma against this population essential in order to remove a key barrier to pursuing the treatment that can reduce substance use and recidivism.
Take‐home antibiotics better than inpatient for endocarditis: NIDA
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2022

Instead of four to six weeks of inpatient intravenous antibiotics, patients who inject opioids and are treated for infective endocarditis should be given an antibiotic to take outside the hospital, according to a new modeling study funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA).
Bearing‐based autonomous communication relay positioning under field‐of‐view constraints
Authors: Fabris Marco , Zelazo Daniel
Published: March 2022

This article investigates the problem of communication relay establishment for multiple agent‐based mobile units using a relay vehicle. The objective is to drive autonomously the relay vehicle to attain a position for communication relay establishment while maintaining the other vehicles inside of its field‐of‐view. A bearing‐based control law is proposed for the relay drone and designed for both single and multiple agents. We also provide a collision avoidance scheme that ensures no collisions between the relay and other agents. Numerical simulations and experimental results are reported as well to show the efficacy of the proposed approach.
“Drug‐Carrier” Synergy Therapy for Amyloid‐β Clearance and Inhibition of Tau Phosphorylation via Biomimetic Lipid Nanocomposite Assembly
Authors: Han Guochen , Bai Kaiwen , Yang Xiaoyu , Sun Chenhua , Ji Yi , Zhou Jianping , Zhang Huaqing , Ding Yang
Published: March 2022

Amyloid‐β (Aβ) toxicity is considered to be companioned by Tau phosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The clinical AD therapy is usually subjected to low blood‐brain barrier (BBB) penetration and complex interaction mechanisms between Aβ and phosphorylated Tau. A “Drug‐Carrier” synergy therapy is herein designed to simultaneously target Aβ and Tau‐associated pathways for AD treatment. To imitate natural nanoparticle configuration, the endogenous apolipoprotein A‐I and its mimicking peptide 4F fused angiopep‐2 (Ang) are sequentially grafted onto lipid nanocomposite (APLN), providing liberty of BBB crossing and microglia targeted Aβ clearance. For synergy treatment, methylene blue (MB) is further assembled into APLN (APLN/MB) for Tau aggregation inhibition. After intravenous administration, the optimized density (5 wt%) of Ang ligands dramatically enhances APLN/MB intracerebral shuttling and accumulation, which is 2.15‐fold higher than that Ang absent‐modification. The site‐specific release of MB collaborates APLN to promote Aβ capture for microglia endocytosis clearance and reduce p‐Tau level by 25.31% in AD pathogenesis. In AD‐Aβ–Tau bearing mouse models, APLN/MB can relieve AD symptoms, rescue neuron viability and cognitive functions. Collectively, it is confirmed that “Drug‐Carrier” synergy therapy of APLN/MB is a promising approach in the development of AD treatments.
Mixed‐Dimensional Formamidinium Bismuth Iodides Featuring In‐Situ Formed Type‐I Band Structure for Convolution Neural Networks
Authors: Yang June‐Mo , Lee Ju‐Hee , Jung Young‐Kwang , Kim So‐Yeon , Kim Jeong‐Hoon , Kim Seul‐Gi , Kim Jeong‐Hyeon , Seo Seunghwan , Park Dong‐Am , Lee Jin‐Wook , Walsh Aron , Park Jin‐Hong , Park Nam‐Gyu
Published: March 2022

For valence change memory (VCM)‐type synapses, a large number of vacancies help to achieve very linearly changed dynamic range, and also, the low activation energy of vacancies enables low‐voltage operation. However, a large number of vacancies increases the current of artificial synapses by acting like dopants, which aggravates low‐energy operation and device scalability. Here, mixed‐dimensional formamidinium bismuth iodides featuring in‐situ formed type‐I band structure are reported for the VCM‐type synapse. As compared to the pure 2D and 0D phases, the mixed phase increases defect density, which induces a better dynamic range and higher linearity. In addition, the mixed phase decreases conductivity for non‐paths despite a large number of defects providing lots of conducting paths. Thus, the mixed phase‐based memristor devices exhibit excellent potentiation/depression characteristics with asymmetricity of 3.15, 500 conductance states, a dynamic range of 15, pico ampere‐scale current level, and energy consumption per spike of 61.08 aJ. A convolutional neural network (CNN) simulation with the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research‐10 (CIFAR‐10) dataset is also performed, confirming a maximum recognition rate of approximately 87%. This study is expected to lay the groundwork for future research on organic bismuth halide‐based memristor synapses usable for a neuromorphic computing system.
Rapid change in soil properties after converting grasslands to crop production
Authors: Strock Jeffrey S. , Johnson Jane M. F. , Tollefson David , Ranaivoson Andry
Published: March 2022

Changes to land management over the last 150 years, primarily the conversion of perennial grasslands to agricultural production dominated by annual row crops, have greatly changed soil properties and reduced the soil's ability to infiltrate and store water in the soil profile. Direct near‐term response at the time of conversion of an uncultivated remnant prairie to row crops is rare, especially responses that include repeated measurements on the same parcel of land and resampling of soils to a depth of 1 m to document rapid changes in soil organic carbon, nitrogen, and selected soil physical properties related to hydraulic properties. The objective of this research was to measure changes in soil chemical and physical properties after the conversion of perennial grassland to annual row‐crop production. A before‐and‐after approach was used to compare soil properties from a 0.31‐ha field in southwest Minnesota. Cultivation resulted in a negative shift in soil properties. Two years postcultivation, there was an overall reduction in soil organic carbon of 18.6 Mg ha−1 for the 0–1.0 m soil profile. Infiltration rates and soil sorptivity exhibited significant decreases following cultivation. The average decrease in the mean postcultivation infiltration and sorptivity rates were 0.30 mm s−1 and 0.12 mm s−0.5, respectively. Bulk density increased on average by 0.10 Mg m−3 between 0–0.2 m and 0.14 Mg m−3 between 0.2–1.0 m. This work provided a rare glimpse of the vast shift in soil properties, which occurred when the plow ripped through virgin prairie decades ago during the massive expansion of agriculture.
Anxiety in Geoffroy's spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi): Can scratching be used as an indicator?
Authors: Dell'Anna Fabrizio , Schino Gabriele , Aureli Filippo
Published: March 2022

Self‐directed behavior, such as self‐scratching (hereafter, scratching), occurs in several taxa across the animal kingdom, including nonhuman primates. There is substantial evidence that scratching is an indicator of anxiety‐like emotions in a variety of nonhuman primate species. Despite its importance as a window into emotional states, few studies have investigated scratching in Platyrrhines. We investigated scratching patterns of 24 Geoffroy's spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) belonging to a group living in theOtoch Ma'ax Yetel Koohprotected area in the Yucatàn peninsula (Mexico). We assessed whether scratching could be used as an indicator of anxiety levels in this species by testing predictions based on contexts and behaviors associated with risk and uncertainty. We found no effect of the subject's sex and age, subgroup size, male presence, and the occurrence of fusions between subgroups on scratching rates. Similarly, we found no effect of infant proximity on their mother's scratching rates. Supporting our prediction, we found evidence that isolation from conspecifics affected scratching rates as individuals scratched more frequently the more time they spent isolated. Being in proximity with a partner with a relationship characterized by uncertainty affected scratching rates as individuals scratched more frequently when in proximity with a partner with whom they engaged in embraces (an indicator of uncertainty) than when in proximity with a partner with whom they did not exchange embraces. Our study provides insight into the factors affecting scratching in Geoffroy's spider monkeys, suggesting that scratching may indicate anxiety in this species at least in some contexts and thus opening a window into the emotional experience of another Platyrrhine monkey species.
Synthesis of Chiral Covalent Organic Frameworks via Asymmetric Organocatalysis for Heterogeneous Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Li Fei , Kan Jing‐Lan , Yao Bing‐Jian , Dong Yu‐Bin
Published: March 2022

A general and efficient organocatalytic asymmetric polymerization approach for the synthesis of chiral covalent organic frameworks (CCOFs) has been developed. With a chiral 2‐methylpyrrolidine catalyst, a series of tris(N‐salicylideneamine)‐derived β‐ketoenamine‐CCOFs are directly constructed from prochiral aldehyde‐ and primary amine‐monomers. The adopted aminocatalytic asymmetric Schiff‐base condensation herein is performed under ambient conditions with clear green synthetic advantages over the conventional acid‐catalysed solvothermal methods. The obtained β‐ketoenamine‐CCOFs can be further metalated by a solid‐state coordination approach, and the resulting CuII@CCOFs can highly promote an asymmetric A3‐coupling reaction. Specifically, a CuII@CCOF@chitosan aerogel was fabricated as a highly efficient fixed‐bed model reactor for scaled‐up catalysis. The concept of aminocatalytic asymmetric polymerization might open a new way for constructing the CCOFs via asymmetric organocatalysis.
Cu microcrystals garnished with copper nanoparticles catalyzed one‐pot facile synthesis of novel 1,2,3‐triazoles via click chemistry as antifungal agents
Authors: Kodasi Barnabas , Joshi Shrinivas D. , Kamble Ravindra R. , Keri Rangappa S. , Bayannavar Praveen K. , Nesaragi Aravind R. , Dixit Shruti , Vootla Shyam Kumar , Metre Tukaram V.
Published: March 2022

A remarkable, efficacious, and environmental friendly one‐pot procedure affianced for the synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazoles by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of aromatic azides, terminal alkynes over Cu microcrystals (CuMCs) by click chemistry as subsequent way. The predominance of this method is green synthetic pathway, transient reaction times, facile workup, exceptional yields (87% to 90%) with excellent purity, regioselective single product formation, and eco‐friendliness of the CuMCs catalyst. Docking studies manifested strong binding interactions with enzyme sterol 14‐alpha‐demethylase (PDB ID: 3KHM) with excellent C‐score values. The antifungal screening of synthesized compounds revealed promising activity.
Artificial aquatic habitats impoverish amphibian diversity in agricultural landscapes of central Argentina
Authors: Perrone Sofía Micaela , Deutsch Camila , Bilenca David Norberto , Agostini María Gabriela
Published: March 2022

In central Argentina, agro‐ecosystems constitute the dominant landscape, representing the replacement of extensive grassland areas by crops and pastures. Agriculture has caused the loss of extensive areas of Pampean inland wetlands through drainage and the construction of artificial aquatic habitats such as ditches and ponds.

This study evaluated the availability and amphibian breeding use of 194 natural and artificial open water habitats and identified those attributes that affect amphibian diversity (richness, abundance and species occurrence).

Interviews with farmers revealed that all artificial ditches, drainage channels and ponds were constructed directly or indirectly to support agricultural activities, and 61.5% of them were created at the expense of natural wetlands. The results from generalized linear mixed models) indicated a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in amphibian richness (14.2–35.7%) and abundance (35.3–86.6%) in artificial habitats compared with natural habitats.

Overall, vegetation cover, average depth and edge slope emerged as the most important attributes affecting amphibian diversity in artificial open water habitats. Vegetation cover had a significant (P < 0.05) positive influence on species richness and abundance, whereas average depth and edge slope had the opposite effect.

Given the substantial modification of inland wetlands in central Argentina, natural aquatic habitats should be considered top priorities for conservation, and law enforcement is urgently needed to control the drainage and levelling of lagoons, ponds and low‐lying areas. The appropriate design and planning of constructed wetlands, including shallow depth and slightly sloping edges, could greatly improve the ability of artificial wetlands to favour native amphibians in these altered landscapes.

Artificial wetlands could offer complementary habitats to natural habitats for amphibians and aquatic wildlife if actions leading to sustainable management and territorial planning are applied.