bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building Health Care System Capacity: Training Health Care Professionals in Disaster Preparedness Health Care Coalitions
Authors: Walsh Lauren , Craddock Hillary , Gulley Kelly , Strauss-Riggs Kandra , Schor Kenneth W.
Published: February 2015

Introduction

This study aimed to learn from the experiences of well-established, disaster preparedness-focused health care coalition (HCC) leaders for the purpose of identifying opportunities for improved delivery of disaster-health principles to health professionals involved in HCCs. This report describes current HCC education and training needs, challenges, and promising practices.

Methods

A semi-structured interview was conducted with a sample of leaders of nine preparedness-focused HCCs identified through a 3-stage purposive strategy. Transcripts were analyzed qualitatively.

Results

Training needs included: stakeholder engagement; economic sustainability; communication; coroner and mortuary services; chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosives (CBRNE); mass-casualty incidents; and exercise design. Of these identified training needs, stakeholder engagement, economic sustainability, and exercise design were relevant to leaders within HCCs, as opposed to general HCC membership. Challenges to education and training included a lack of time, little-to-no staff devoted to training, and difficulty getting coalition members to prioritize training. Promising practices to these challenges are also presented.

Conclusions

The success of mature coalitions in improving situational awareness, promoting planning, and enabling staff- and resource-sharing suggest the strengths and opportunities that are inherent within these organizations. However, offering effective education and training opportunities is a challenge in the absence of ubiquitous support, incentives, or requirements among health care professions. Notably, an online resource repository would help reduce the burden on individual coalitions by eliminating the need to continually develop learning opportunities.

WalshL, CraddockH, GulleyK, Strauss-RiggsK, SchorKW. Building health care system capacity: training health care professionals in disaster preparedness health care coalitions. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(2):1-8.
SINCERITY AND REFLEXIVE SATIRE IN ANTHONY TROLLOPE’STHE STRUGGLES OF BROWN, JONES AND ROBINSON
Authors: Titolo Matthew
Published: February 2015

Despite the recent revivalof interest in the works of Anthony Trollope, his short novelThe Struggles of Brown, Jones and Robinsonhas largely escaped serious attention. Trollope called the book a “satire on the ways of trade,” (Autobiography106) and serialized it inCornhill Magazine, 1861–62. The novel turned out to be a critical and commercial failure, perhaps because it marked a dramatic departure from the familiar social comedy ofBarsetshirenovels. Contemporary reviewers called it “coarse,” “odiously vulgar,” and “unmitigated rubbish.” Later readers were no more generous. C. P. Snow judgedSBJR“one of the least funny books ever written” and thought Trollope had “perpetrated idiocy. . .” by writing it (95–96).
YACHTING WITH GRANDCOURT: GWENDOLEN’S MUTINY INDANIEL DERONDA
Authors: McCormack Kathleen
Published: February 2015

Almost at the end of Book VIofDaniel Deronda, that is, with at least three-quarters of the novel over, Gwendolen Harleth's dreadful husband, Henleigh Mallinger Grandcourt, suddenly reveals a new side of himself. Whereas heretofore he has mentioned or engaged in recreations that include hunting, shooting (including tigers), and gambling, all as means of passing the time rather than achieving exhilaration or amusement, he now reveals himself as a yachtsman. After catching Gwendolen in their town house in Grosvenor Square in yet another of her contrived tête à têtes with Daniel, he declares he has already begun preparations for a Mediterranean cruise for himself and his wife, alone together.
TWILIGHT OF THE IDYLLS: WILDE, TENNYSON, ANDFIN-DE-SIÈCLEANTI-IDEALISM
Authors: Miller Elizabeth Carolyn
Published: February 2015

In the climactic finaleto the first act of Oscar Wilde's 1895 playAn Ideal Husband, Gertrude Chiltern convinces her husband, a Member of Parliament, not to support the construction of a boondoggle Argentinean canal. Gertrude, not her husband, is the ostensibly moral character here, since the canal's only purpose is to create wealth for its stockholders, but the language she uses in this impassioned speech quotes Guinevere, the contrite fallen wife in Alfred Tennyson'sIdylls of the King. Near the end of theIdylls, recognizing that her infidelity has occasioned war, turmoil, and the end of Arthur's reign, Guinevere laments:Ah my God,What might I not have made of thy fair world,Had I but loved thy highest creature here?It was my duty to have loved the highest:It surely was my profit had I known:It would have been my pleasure had I seen.We needs must love the highest when we see it (G 649–56)Repeating these words and ideas under drastically different circumstances, Lady Chiltern tells her husband in the finale to Wilde's first act: “I don't think you realise sufficiently, Robert, that you have brought into the political life of our time a nobler atmosphere, a finer attitude towards life, a freer air of purer aims and higher ideals – I know it, and for that I love you, Robert. . . . I will love you always, because you will always be worthy of love. We needs must love the highest when we see it!” (Ideal69).
REALIST NETWORKS: RECENT WORK ON VICTORIAN REALISM
Authors: Thorndike-Breeze Rebecca
Published: February 2015

In his recently published bookThe Antinomies of Realism, Fredric Jameson presents his take on the pervasive struggle between the realist mode's origins and its ostensible demise. Throughout his career, Jameson has been dissatisfied with the numerous binary oppositions into which realism is so often inserted and the insufficiently historicized value judgments that tend to go with them. In this new work, Jameson argues that realism is instead caught between and constituted by the opposing poles of story and affect. He argues that “the irrevocable antagonism between [these] twin (and entwined) forces . . . are never reconciled, never fold back into one another in some ultimate reconciliation and identity; and the very force and pungency of the realist writing [here examined] is predicated on that tension, which must remain an impossible one, under pain of losing itself altogether and dissipating if it is ever resolved in favor of one of the parties to the struggle” (11). Jameson locates the “final battle” between the antinomies of realism “in the microstructures of language” and “against the dominance of point of view which seems to hold the affective impulses in check and lend them the organizing attribution of a central consciousness” (11). For Jameson, this formal and linguistic face-off “exhaust[s] and destroy[s]” realism, and whatever “odd assortment of random tools and techniques” we recognize in the post-nineteenth-century world are but remnants of realism's “shriveled posterity” (11). Thus, Jameson insists the book of realism is closed, and as Harry Shaw has noted, “he appears . . . to have maintained a consistent line throughout his career” (Narrating Reality27n31).
When does the turning point in China's CO2emissions occur? Results based on the Green Solow model
Authors: Hao Yu , Wei Yi-Ming
Published: February 2015

In recent years, the surge in China's CO2emissions has caused increasing international concern. In this paper, we investigate whether and when the turning point in China's CO2emissions would occur. A simple yet powerful neoclassical Green Solow model (GSM) is utilized herein as the main forecasting tool. To verify the capability of this framework to address China's economy, a key prediction of the GSM – the convergence in per capita CO2emissions across Chinese provinces – is empirically verified. By assigning reasonable values to the GSM's key parameters, the trajectories of total CO2emissions are projected for the three regions of China and the whole country. The forecast results show that, under the benchmark scenario, China's total CO2emissions would peak around the year 2047. According to the sensitivity analysis, carbon efficiency is the most important determining factor for whether a turning point in total CO2emissions may occur.
Nonequilibrium Microstructures for Ag–Ni Nanowires
Authors: Rai Rajesh K. , Srivastava Chandan
Published: February 2015

This work illustrates that a variety of nanowire microstructures can be obtained either by controlling the nanowire formation kinetics or by suitable thermal processing of as-deposited nanowires with nonequilibrium metastable microstructure. In the present work, 200-nm diameter Ag–Ni nanowires with similar compositions, but with significantly different microstructures, were electrodeposited. A 15 mA deposition current produced nanowires in which Ag-rich crystalline nanoparticles were embedded in a Ni-rich amorphous matrix. A 3 mA deposition current produced nanowires in which an Ag-rich crystalline phase formed a backbone-like configuration in the axial region of the nanowire, whereas the peripheral region contained Ni-rich nanocrystalline and amorphous phases. Isothermal annealing of the nanowires illustrated a phase evolution pathway that was extremely sensitive to the initial nanowire microstructure.
Instrumentality in health care: a response to Adam Oliver
Authors: Tanenbaum Sandra J.
Published: February 2015

In his paper, ‘Incentivizing improvements in health care delivery’, Adam Oliver discusses recent efforts to manage the performance of health care workers in the United States and United Kingdom. Overall, the results of performance management seem to be mixed, but Oliver’s discussion hints at a more fundamental question about this approach, specifically: what are the limits of a focused instrumentality in a context as rich, fluid and collaborative as the delivery of health care? Might performance management schemes actually frustrate the efforts of conscientious health care workers? Indicators make few allowances for the heterogeneity of treatment effects or patient values or preferences. Health care workers may also face pressure to appear to satisfy indicators that are actually impossible to satisfy.
How Does Media Choice Affect Hostile Media Perceptions? Evidence from Participant Preference Experiments
Authors: Arceneaux Kevin , Johnson Martin
Published: February 2015

We investigate how selective exposure to various types of media shapes hostile media perceptions. We use an innovative experimental design that gauges the influence of viewers’ preferences for entertainment, partisan cable news, or mainstream broadcast news on their reactions to media content. This design represents a modification to the participant preference experiment used elsewhere, expanding a laboratory-based media environment to include partisan and mainstream news options, alongside entertainment programming. We find that people’s viewing preferences shape their reactions to news media content.
Kinder und Erwachsene mit Fieber und Hautausschlag
Authors: Horn Benedikt
Published: February 2015

Patienten mit Fieber und Hautausschlag sind meist „kleine Notfälle“, sie brauchen in der Regel weder einen Rettungswagen noch ein Spital. Hauptproblem ist heute wohl die mangelnde tägliche Erfahrung der meisten Eltern und vieler Hausärzte, weil zahlreiche Krankheitsbilder dank Impfungen selten geworden sind oder erst im Erwachsenenalter auftreten. Umso größer die Herausforderung! Dazu kommt, dass mehrere exanthematische Krankheiten in Büchern, die sonst über fast alles Auskunft geben, kaum oder gar nicht mehr erwähnt werden (u. a. Masern). Löbliche Ausnahme ist z. B. der LANGE „Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment“ (CMDT) [1], wo die Masern ausführlich beschrieben werden, obschon sie in Nord- und Südamerika seit Jahren eliminiert sind!
Predicting the response of the deep-ocean microbiome to geochemical perturbations by hydrothermal vents
Authors: Reed Daniel C , Breier John A , Jiang Houshuo , Anantharaman Karthik , Klausmeier Christopher A , Toner Brandy M , Hancock Cathrine , Speer Kevin , Thurnherr Andreas M , Dick Gregory J
Published: February 2015

Submarine hydrothermal vents perturb the deep-ocean microbiome by injecting reduced chemical species into the water column that act as an energy source for chemosynthetic organisms. These systems thus provide excellent natural laboratories for studying the response of microbial communities to shifts in marine geochemistry. The present study explores the processes that regulate coupled microbial-geochemical dynamics in hydrothermal plumes by means of a novel mathematical model, which combines thermodynamics, growth and reaction kinetics, and transport processes derived from a fluid dynamics model. Simulations of a plume located in the ABE vent field of the Lau basin were able to reproduce metagenomic observations well and demonstrated that the magnitude of primary production and rate of autotrophic growth are largely regulated by the energetics of metabolisms and the availability of electron donors, as opposed to kinetic parameters. Ambient seawater was the dominant source of microbes to the plume and sulphur oxidisers constituted almost 90% of the modelled community in the neutrally-buoyant plume. Data from drifters deployed in the region allowed the different time scales of metabolisms to be cast in a spatial context, which demonstrated spatial succession in the microbial community. While growth was shown to occur over distances of tens of kilometers, microbes persisted over hundreds of kilometers. Given that high-temperature hydrothermal systems are found less than 100 km apart on average, plumes may act as important vectors between different vent fields and other environments that are hospitable to similar organisms, such as oil spills and oxygen minimum zones.
The Effect of Diiodooctane on the Charge Carrier Generation in Organic Solar Cells Based on the Copolymer PBDTTT-C
Authors: Zusan Andreas , Gieseking Björn , Zerson Mario , Dyakonov Vladimir , Magerle Robert , Deibel Carsten
Published: February 2015

Microstructural changes and the understanding of their effect on photocurrent generation are key aspects for improving the efficiency of organic photovoltaic devices. We analyze the impact of a systematically increased amount of the solvent additive diiodooctane (DIO) on the morphology of PBDTTT-C:PC71BM blends and related changes in free carrier formation and recombination by combining surface imaging, photophysical and charge extraction techniques. We identify agglomerates visible in AFM images of the 0% DIO blend as PC71BM domains embedded in an intermixed matrix phase. With the addition of DIO, a decrease in the size of fullerene domains along with a demixing of the matrix phase appears for 0.6% and 1% DIO. Surprisingly, transient absorption spectroscopy reveals an efficient photogeneration already for the smallest amount of DIO, although the largest efficiency is found for 3% DIO. It is ascribed to a fine-tuning of the blend morphology in terms of the formation of interpenetrating donor and acceptor phases minimizing geminate and nongeminate recombination as indicated by charge extraction experiments. An increase in the DIO content to 10% adversely affects the photovoltaic performance, most probably due to an inefficient free carrier formation and trapping in a less interconnected donor-acceptor network.
A Novel Energy-Efficient Pyrolysis Process: Self-pyrolysis of Oil Shale Triggered by Topochemical Heat in a Horizontal Fixed Bed
Authors: Sun You-Hong , Bai Feng-Tian , Lü Xiao-Shu , Li Qiang , Liu Yu-Min , Guo Ming-Yi , Guo Wei , Liu Bao-Chang
Published: February 2015

This paper proposes a novel energy-efficient oil shale pyrolysis process triggered by a topochemical reaction that can be applied in horizontal oil shale formations. The process starts by feeding preheated air to oil shale to initiate a topochemical reaction and the onset of self-pyrolysis. As the temperature in the virgin oil shale increases (to 250–300°C), the hot air can be replaced by ambient-temperature air, allowing heat to be released by internal topochemical reactions to complete the pyrolysis. The propagation of fronts formed in this process, the temperature evolution and the reaction mechanism of oil shale pyrolysis in porous media are discussed and compared with those in a traditional oxygen-free process. The results show that the self-pyrolysis of oil shale can be achieved with the proposed method without any need for external heat. The results also verify that fractured oil shale may be more suitable for underground retorting. Moreover, the gas and liquid products from this method were characterised and a highly instrumented experimental device designed specifically for this process is described. This study can serve as a reference for new ideas on oil shale in situ pyrolysis processes.
Upregulated WDR5 promotes proliferation, self-renewal and chemoresistance in bladder cancer via mediating H3K4 trimethylation
Authors: Chen Xu , Xie Weibin , Gu Peng , Cai Qingqing , Wang Bo , Xie Yun , Dong Wen , He Wang , Zhong Guangzheng , Lin Tianxin , Huang Jian
Published: February 2015

WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) plays an important role in various biological functions through the epigenetic regulation of gene transcription; however, its role in bladder cancer remains largely unknown. Our study investigated the role of WDR5 in bladder cancer and demonstrated that WDR5 was upregulated in bladder cancer tissues and elevated WDR5 protein levels positively correlated with advanced tumor stage and poor survival. Through gain or loss of function, we demonstrated that WDR5 promoted proliferation, self-renewal and chemoresistance to cisplatin in bladder cancer cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, WDR5 regulated various functions in bladder cancer by mediating the transcription of cyclin B1, cyclin E1, cyclin E2, UHMK1, MCL1, BIRC3 and Nanog by histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation. Therefore, we have discovered that WDR5 plays an important role in bladder cancer suggesting that WDR5 is a potential biomarker and a promising target in the treatment of bladder cancer.
Interbreeding among deeply divergent mitochondrial lineages in the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana)
Authors: von Beeren Christoph , Stoeckle Mark Y. , Xia Joyce , Burke Griffin , Kronauer Daniel J. C.
Published: February 2015

DNA barcoding promises to be a useful tool to identify pest species assuming adequate representation of genetic variants in a reference library. Here we examined mitochondrial DNA barcodes in a global urban pest, the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana). Our sampling effort generated 284 cockroach specimens, most from New York City, plus 15 additional U.S. states and six other countries, enabling the first large-scale survey of P. americana barcode variation. Periplaneta americana barcode sequences (n = 247, including 24 GenBank records) formed a monophyletic lineage separate from other Periplaneta species. We found three distinct P. americana haplogroups with relatively small differences within (≤0.6%) and larger differences among groups (2.4%–4.7%). This could be interpreted as indicative of multiple cryptic species. However, nuclear DNA sequences (n = 77 specimens) revealed extensive gene flow among mitochondrial haplogroups, confirming a single species. This unusual genetic pattern likely reflects multiple introductions from genetically divergent source populations, followed by interbreeding in the invasive range. Our findings highlight the need for comprehensive reference databases in DNA barcoding studies, especially when dealing with invasive populations that might be derived from multiple genetically distinct source populations.
Analysis of the sericin1 promoter and assisted detection of exogenous gene expression efficiency in the silkworm Bombyx mori L.
Authors: Ye Lupeng , Qian Qiujie , Zhang Yuyu , You Zhengying , Che Jiaqian , Song Jia , Zhong Boxiong
Published: February 2015

In genetics, the promoter is one of the most important regulatory elements controlling the spatiotemporal expression of a target gene. However, most studies have focused on core or proximal promoter regions and information on regions that are more distant from the 5′-flanking region of the proximal promoter is often lacking. Here, approximately 4-kb of the sericin1 (Ser1) promoter was predicted to contain many potential transcriptional factor binding sites (TFBSs). Transgenic experiments have revealed that more TFBSs included in the promoter improved gene transcription. However, multi-copy proximal Ser1 promoter combinations did not improve gene expression at the transcriptional level. Instead, increasing the promoter copy number repressed transcription. Furthermore, a correlation analysis between two contiguous genes, firefly luciferase (FLuc) and EGFP, was conducted at the transcriptional level; a significant correlation was obtained regardless of the insertion site. The ELISA results also revealed a significant correlation between the transcriptional and translational EGFP levels. Therefore, the exogenous gene expression level can be predicted by simply detecting an adjacent EGFP. In conclusion, our results provide important insights for further investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying promoter function. Additionally, a new approach was developed to quickly screen transgenic strains that highly express exogenous genes.
A method for the direct injection and analysis of small volume human blood spots and plasma extracts containing high concentrations of organic solvents using revered-phase 2D UPLC/MS
Authors: Rainville Paul D. , Simeone Jennifer L. , Root Dan S. , Mallet Claude R. , Wilson Ian D. , Plumb Robert S.
Published: February 2015

This methodology provides increased assay sensitivity and facilitates small volume biofluid analysis in high percent organic samples.
Preparation of barium sulfate-coated magnetite particles for the extraction of trimethoprim from environmental water samples based on mixed hemimicelles solid-phase extraction
Authors: Zhang Fengshuang , Hou Juan , Yan Jin , Zhao Jiahui , Zhao Qi , Wang Long , Li Yi , Ding Lan
Published: February 2015

In this study, barium sulfate-coated magnetite particles (Fe3O4/BaSO4) for mixed hemimicelles solid-phase extraction, have been successfully synthesized by a chemical coprecipitation method.
Drug and gene co-delivery systems for cancer treatment
Authors: Yang Zhe , Gao Di , Cao Zhong , Zhang Chao , Cheng Du , Liu Jie , Shuai Xintao
Published: February 2015

Nano-delivery system has been widely studied and applied in cancer treatment over the past few decades. By taking advantage of both the drug and gene therapy, a growing number of co-delivery systems have been explored for cancer treatment recently.
Towards neat methanol operation of direct methanol fuel cells: a novel self-assembled proton exchange membrane
Authors: Li Jing , Cai Weiwei , Ma Liying , Zhang Yunfeng , Chen Zhangxian , Cheng Hansong
Published: February 2015

Excellent overall performances of a hyperbranched PEM driven by the self-assembled proton conductive channel enable DMFCs to operate with 20 M methanol.
Structure of H2Ti3O7and its evolution during sodium insertion as anode for Na ion batteries
Authors: Eguía-Barrio Aitor , Castillo-Martínez Elizabeth , Zarrabeitia Maider , Muñoz-Márquez Miguel A. , Casas-Cabanas Montse , Rojo Teófilo
Published: February 2015

Three protons in H2Ti3O7shown by neutron powder diffraction and1H-ssNMR.
Subpicosecond surface dynamics in genomic DNA from in vitro-grown plant species: a SERS assessment
Authors: Muntean Cristina M. , Bratu Ioan , Leopold Nicolae , Morari Cristian , Buimaga-Iarinca Luiza , Purcaru Monica A. P.
Published: February 2015

Surface dynamics of selective molecular subgroups in DNA is about two times faster than the solution dynamics of nucleic acids.
Rotation-induced recovery and bleaching in magnetic resonance
Authors: Perez Linde Angel J. , Chinthalapalli Srinivas , Carnevale Diego , Bodenhausen Geoffrey
Published: February 2015

A sharp decrease of the longitudinal proton spin relaxation time T1(1H) is observed at 100 K when frozen mixtures of glycerol and H2O doped with lanthanides are made to rotate slowly about the magic angle, in a manner that is reminiscent of spin refrigerators.
Monitoring ultrafast intramolecular proton transfer processes in an unsymmetric β-diketone
Authors: Verma Pramod Kumar , Steinbacher Andreas , Koch Federico , Nuernberger Patrick , Brixner Tobias
Published: February 2015

Electronic excitation of a UV-absorbing unsymmetric β-diketone discloses intramolecular proton transfer among electronic ground as well as excited states.
Containerless solidification of undercooled SrO–Al2O3 binary melts
Authors: Kato Katsuyoshi , Masuno Atsunobu , Inoue Hiroyuki
Published: February 2015

The continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams of the SrO–Al2O3 binary system under containerless conditions using an aerodynamic levitation furnace provide a slight difference in glass-forming ability at the edge of the glass-forming region.
Femtosecond laser ablation multicollector ICPMS analysis of uranium isotopes in NIST glass
Authors: Duffin Andrew M. , Springer Kellen W. , Ward Jesse D. , Jarman Kenneth D. , Robinson John W. , Endres Mackenzie C. , Hart Garret L. , Gonzalez Jhanis J. , Oropeza Dayana , Russo Richard E. , Willingham David G. , Naes Benjamin E. , Fahey Albert J. , Eiden Gregory C.
Published: February 2015

We utilized femtosecond laser ablation and multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to measure the uranium isotopic content of NIST 61x (x = 0, 2, 4, 6) glasses.
Back to the metal age: battle for metals at the host–pathogen interface during urinary tract infection
Authors: Subashchandrabose Sargurunathan , Mobley Harry L. T.
Published: February 2015

UropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC) may produce upto four siderophores during urinary tract infection (UTI). Host cells produce lipocalin, calprotectin and ceruloplasmin during UTI. Arrows indicate the direction of metal transport in UPEC during UTI.
Improved functionality of graphene and carbon nanotube hybrid foam architecture by UV-ozone treatment
Authors: Wang Wei , Ruiz Isaac , Lee Ilkeun , Zaera Francisco , Ozkan Mihrimah , Ozkan Cengiz S.
Published: February 2015

Optimization of the electrode/electrolyte double-layer interface is a key factor for improving electrode performance of aqueous electrolyte based supercapacitors (SCs).
Delivery of SiC-based nanoparticles into live cells driven by cell-penetrating peptides SAP and SAP-E
Authors: Serdiuk T. , Bakanovich I. , Lysenko V. , Alekseev S. A. , Skryshevsky V. A. , Afonin S. , Berger E. , Géloën A. , Komarov I. V.
Published: February 2015

Cell-penetrating peptides enhance nanoparticle delivery into cells most efficiently if surface and peptide functional groups “match” to form non-covalent conjugates.
Biologically based method for the synthesis of Hg–Se nanostructures by Shewanella spp.
Authors: Ho Cuong Tu , Nguyen Anh-Tuyet , Duong Thi-Thuy , Le Thi-Phuong-Quynh , Dang Dinh-Kim , Tang Thi-Chinh , Hur Hor-Gil
Published: February 2015

Living organisms, especially microorganisms, have the potential to offer cheap and benign synthetic routes for the production of nanomaterials.
Regulation and metabolic engineering of tanshinone biosynthesis
Authors: Ma Pengda , Liu Jingying , Osbourn Anne , Dong Juane , Liang Zongsuo
Published: February 2015

We summarize recent discoveries regarding the mechanisms underlying tanshinone biosynthesis and how the process is regulated.
Nano bimetallic alloy of Ni–Co obtained from LaCoxNi1−xO3 and its catalytic performance for steam reforming of ethanol
Authors: Liu Fen , Qu Yinghong , Yue Yizhi , Liu Guilong , Liu Yuan
Published: February 2015

Bimetallic alloy nanoparticles of Ni–Co were obtained from reducing LaCoxNi1−xO3 and this method should be extended to prepare various bimetallic or polymetallic nanoparticles.
Bioglass-assisted preparation of network sodium titanate bioceramics
Authors: Shen Yinan , Hua Zhen , Zhang Lei , Hao Xiaopeng
Published: February 2015

The objective of this work is to prepare new network sodium titanates ceramics (N-STC) via a common method and to evaluate the influence of a bioglass additive and sintering temperature on mechanical properties and biological activity of N-STC.
Hot-corrosion behavior of Ti3SiC2in a eutectic mixture of LiCl–KCl salts in air
Authors: Wang Ning , Cheng Changming , Tian Jie , Hu Sheng , Zhang Haibin , Jiang Tao
Published: February 2015

Ti3SiC2exhibits excellent corrosion resistance at 550 °C and forms an oxide protective layer at 650 °C and 750 °C.
Simultaneous colorimetric detection of four drugs in their pharmaceutical formulations using unmodified gold nanoparticles as a probe
Authors: Rawat Karuna A. , Basu Hirakendu , Singhal Rakesh Kumar , Kailasa Suresh Kumar
Published: February 2015

Schematic representation for the aggregation of unmodified Au NPs induced by four drugs (venlafaxine, imipramine, amlodipine, and alfuzosin).
Low-band gap and fluorescent poly(triphenylamine-thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole) copolymer dye
Authors: Olgun U. , Gülfen M.
Published: February 2015

The synthesis, characterization and spectroscopy of a new fluorescent poly(triphenylamine-thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole) dye with low band gap energy have been reported.
Synthesis and morphological characterization of phenyl-modified macroporous–mesoporous hybrid silica monoliths
Authors: Meinusch Rafael , Hormann Kristof , Hakim Romana , Tallarek Ulrich , Smarsly Bernd M.
Published: February 2015

We present a comprehensive approach to characterize the one-pot synthesis, macropore space morphology, and chromatographic performance of phenyl-modified macro–mesoporous silica monoliths.
New insights into the qualitative phenolic profile of Ficus carica L. fruits and leaves from Tunisia using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and their antioxidant activity
Authors: Ammar Sonda , Contreras María del Mar , Belguith-Hadrich Olfa , Bouaziz Mohamed , Segura-Carretero Antonio
Published: February 2015

RP-UHPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS gives new insights into the fig phenolic constituents that correlate with their antioxidant potency.
Synthetic protocols toward polypeptide conjugates via chain end functionalization after RAFT polymerization
Authors: Wang Yifei , Ling Jun
Published: February 2015

We design protocols of conjugating synthetic polypeptides to RAFT-prepared polymers regardless of RAFT CTA structures.
A cyanide-responsive supramolecular nanovalve based on Pd(ii)-templated pseudo-rotaxane
Authors: Ramakrishnam Raju Mandapati V. , Lin Hong-Cheu
Published: February 2015

A nanovalve system composed of a carrier based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles mechanized with a square planar Pd(ii)-templated pseudo-rotaxane was synthesized. This nanovalve system was responsive to a cyanide stimulus, which resulted in demetalation to concomitantly release both the macrocycles and the sensory dyes.
Mechanism analysis of the capacitance contributions and ultralong cycling-stability of the isomorphous MnO2@MnO2 core/shell nanostructures for supercapacitors
Authors: Shao Jiajia , Zhou Xiying , Liu Qian , Zou Rujia , Li Wenyao , Yang Jianmao , Hu Junqing
Published: February 2015

The isomorphous MnO2@MnO2 core/shell nanostructures synthesized through a facile hydrothermal process showed remarkable electrochemical performance, i.e., a high specific capacitance with excellent cycling stability.
Encapsulating sulfur into a hybrid porous carbon/CNT substrate as a cathode for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Zhang Ze , Jing Hang-Kun , Liu Sheng , Li Guo-Ran , Gao Xue-Ping
Published: February 2015

A facile sulfur/carbon multi-composite with high sulfur content, consisting of sulfur and commercial carbon materials (CNTs and carbon black), exhibits excellent cycle performance for lithium–sulfur batteries.
A MnOOH/nitrogen-doped graphene hybrid nanowires sandwich film for flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors
Authors: Yang Shuhua , Song Xuefeng , Zhang Peng , Gao Lian
Published: February 2015

An all-solid-state SC based on a flexible freestanding MNGHNs/AGO electrode with a volumetric capacitance as high as 26.3 F cm−3 is developed.
Aqueous synthesis of color tunable Cu doped Zn–In–S/ZnS nanoparticles in the whole visible region for cellular imaging
Authors: Jiang Tongtong , Song Jiangluqi , Wang Huijie , Ye Xuecheng , Wang Hao , Zhang Wenting , Yang Mingya , Xia Ruixiang , Zhu Lixin , Xu Xiaoliang
Published: February 2015

Cu doped Zn–In–S/ZnS QDs were synthesized for labeling the cytoplasm and their multiple peak emission mechanisms were proposed.
Effect of side chain length on film structure and electron mobility of core-unsubstituted pyromellitic diimides and enhanced mobility of the dibrominated core using the optimized side chain
Authors: Yeh Ming-Ling , Wang Szu-Ying , Martínez Hardigree Josué F. , Podzorov Vitaly , Katz Howard E.
Published: February 2015

Film structures and mobilities of pyromellitic diimides (PyDIs) were investigated; perfluorobutylmethyl chain on 3,6-dibromo PyDI showed exceptional packing and mobility.
Intense ultraviolet upconversion in water dispersible SrF2:Tm3+,Yb3+ nanoparticles: the effect of the environment on light emissions
Authors: Quintanilla M. , Cantarelli I. X. , Pedroni M. , Speghini A. , Vetrone F.
Published: February 2015

Ultrasmall and water dispersible SrF2:Tm3+,Yb3+ upconverting nanoparticles show intense ultraviolet emissions after 980 nm excitation.
Microemulsion flame pyrolysis for hopcalite nanoparticle synthesis: a new concept for catalyst preparation
Authors: Biemelt T. , Wegner K. , Teichert J. , Kaskel S.
Published: February 2015

A new route to highly active hopcalite catalysts via flame spray pyrolysis of an inverse microemulsion precursor is reported.
Efficient direct 2,2,2-trifluoroethylation of indoles via C–H functionalization
Authors: Tolnai Gergely L. , Székely Anna , Makó Zita , Gáti Tamás , Daru János , Bihari Tamás , Stirling András , Novák Zoltán
Published: February 2015

Metal free direct trifluoroethylation of unprotected indoles at position 3 via C–H functionalization is presented: straightforward synthesis and DFT studies.
Understanding ferroelectricity in layered perovskites: new ideas and insights from theory and experiments
Authors: Benedek Nicole A. , Rondinelli James M. , Djani Hania , Ghosez Philippe , Lightfoot Philip
Published: February 2015

Recent theoretical and experimental studies showing how polar structures or ferroelectricity arise in layered perovskites are highlighted.
Bulk heterojunction perovskite hybrid solar cells with large fill factor
Authors: Wang Kai , Liu Chang , Du Pengcheng , Zheng Jie , Gong Xiong
Published: February 2015

A bulk heterojunction device structure was developed to address the unbalanced charge carrier extraction efficiencies in perovskite hybrid solar cells.
Phosphoribulokinase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: a Benson–Calvin cycle enzyme enslaved to its cysteine residues
Authors: Thieulin-Pardo Gabriel , Remy Thérèse , Lignon Sabrina , Lebrun Régine , Gontero Brigitte
Published: February 2015

In this study, focused onC. reinhardtiiphosphoribulokinase, we showed that CP12 catalyses a disulfide bridge between Cys243 and Cys249 on PRK. This disulfide bridge is essential for the GAPDH–CP12–PRK complex formation.
An efficient approach to gem-difluorocyclopropylstannanes via highly regio- and stereoselective hydrostannylation of gem-difluorocyclopropenes and their unique ring-opening reaction to afford β-fluoroallylic alcohols
Authors: Nihei T. , Hoshino T. , Konno T.
Published: February 2015

gem-Difluorocyclopropylstannanes, prepared via the hydrostannylation of gem-difluorocyclopropenes, were treated with MeLi and then quenching agents, to give (Z)-β-fluoroallyllic alcohols, ethers, esters, and amides.
Effect of ionic composition on the partitioning of organic compounds in octanol–buffer systems
Authors: Ferreira Luisa A. , Chervenak Andrew , Placko Steve , Kestranek Aimee , Madeira Pedro P. , Zaslavsky Boris Y.
Published: February 2015

The ionic composition of octanol–buffer systems might have significant effects on the distribution of organic compounds. Their responses to ionic environments follow the relationships established previously in organic solvent-free aqueous solutions.
In situ synthesis of a C-doped (BiO)2CO3 hierarchical self-assembly effectively promoting visible light photocatalysis
Authors: Xiong Ting , Huang Hongwei , Sun Yanjuan , Dong Fan
Published: February 2015

By combination of carbon doping and structural optimization, C-doped (BiO)2CO3 microspheres exhibited highly enhanced and stable visible photocatalytic activity.
JAK2 activation by growth hormone and other cytokines
Authors: Waters Michael J. , Brooks Andrew J.
Published: February 2015

Growth hormone (GH) and structurally related cytokines regulate a great number of physiological and pathological processes. They do this by coupling their single transmembrane domain (TMD) receptors to cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, either as homodimers or heterodimers. Recent studies have revealed that many of these receptors exist as constitutive dimers rather than being dimerized as a consequence of ligand binding, which has necessitated a new paradigm for describing their activation process. In the present study, we describe a model for activation of the tyrosine kinase Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) by the GH receptor homodimer based on biochemical data and molecular dynamics simulations. Binding of the bivalent ligand reorientates and rotates the receptor subunits, resulting in a transition from a form with parallel TMDs to one where the TMDs separate at the point of entry into the cytoplasm. This movement slides the pseudokinase inhibitory domain of one JAK kinase away from the kinase domain of the other JAK within the receptor dimer–JAK complex, allowing the two kinase domains to interact and trans-activate. This results in phosphorylation and activation of STATs and other signalling pathways linked to this receptor which then regulate postnatal growth, metabolism and stem cell activation. We believe that this model will apply to most if not all members of the class I cytokine receptor family, and will be useful in the design of small antagonists and agonists of therapeutic value.
Score‐based intelligent home energy management (HEM) algorithm for demand response applications and impact of HEM operation on customer comfort
Authors: Kuzlu Murat
Published: February 2015

A home energy management (HEM) system plays an important role for residential demand response (DR) applications in the smart grid environment. Its role includes the ability to manage end‐use electrical energy (kWh) and demand (kW) based on utility signals, load priorities and customer preference. This study presents a score‐based intelligent HEM algorithm for residential DR applications and the impact of the HEM system operation on customer comfort in various HEM decision‐making intervals (i.e. 1, 5, 10 and 15 min) at various DR requirements. The proposed algorithm manages selected household loads according to customers’ preset comfort level settings and keeps the total household power consumption below a certain limit. Results indicate that the more stringent DR requirements lead to the higher level of customer comfort violations during a DR event. In addition, the longer HEM decision‐making intervals may lead to the higher level of customer comfort violations.
Development of frequency‐based anti‐islanding protection models for synchronous distributed generators suitable for real‐time simulations
Authors: Motter Daniel , Vieira José C.M. , Coury Denis V.
Published: February 2015

This study proposes simulation and analytical models of frequency‐based protection functions (under and over frequency, rate of change of frequency and vector surge) used to detect islanding of synchronous distributed generators. All relay models are validated by using the concept of performance curves and two commercial relays. By using the performance curves, it is possible to make a comparison between the models and the commercial relays for a large number of islanding situations. In addition, the simulation models are suitable for real‐time analysis. A real time digital simulator operating in a closed‐loop mode is used to run the simulations and data acquisition. The results indicate that the models and commercial relays present a similar behaviour, showing that the models are able to properly simulate the commercial relays for islanding detection analyses of distributed generators, being acceptably accurate.
Three‐phase ac–dc buck–boost converter with a reduced number of switches
Authors: Abdelsalam Ibrahim , Adam Grain P. , Holliday Derrick , Williams Barry W.
Published: February 2015

A single‐switch, single‐stage, three‐phase ac–dc buck–boost converter suitable for medium‐voltage applications is proposed. Basic relations that govern steady‐state converter operation are established, confirmed using PSCAD/EMTDC simulations, and substantiated experimentally. Simulation and experimental results establish that the proposed converter has good dynamic performance in buck and boost modes, with near unity input power factor.
Analogue photonic link design charts for microwave engineering applications
Authors: Urick Vincent J.
Published: February 2015

A set of unique design charts for intensity‐modulation direct‐detection microwave photonics links is presented. The charts facilitate link design and analysis, clearly demonstrating performance trade‐offs in terms of standard microwave performance metrics.
Level monitoring system with pulsating sensor—Application to online level monitoring of dashpots in a fast breeder reactor
Authors: Malathi N. , Sahoo P. , Ananthanarayanan R. , Murali N.
Published: February 2015

An innovative continuous type liquid level monitoring system constructed by using a new class of sensor, viz., pulsating sensor, is presented. This device is of industrial grade and it is exclusively used for level monitoring of any non conducting liquid. This instrument of unique design is suitable for high resolution online monitoring of oil level in dashpots of a sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor. The sensing probe is of capacitance type robust probe consisting of a number of rectangular mirror polished stainless steel (SS-304) plates separated with uniform gaps. The performance of this novel instrument has been thoroughly investigated. The precision, sensitivity, response time, and the lowest detection limit in measurement using this device are <0.01 mm, ∼100 Hz/mm, ∼1 s, and ∼0.03 mm, respectively. The influence of temperature on liquid level is studied and the temperature compensation is provided in the instrument. The instrument qualified all recommended tests, such as environmental, electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic compatibility, and seismic tests prior to its deployment in nuclear reactor. With the evolution of this level measurement approach, it is possible to provide dashpot oil level sensors in fast breeder reactor for the first time for continuous measurement of oil level in dashpots of Control & Safety Rod Drive Mechanism during reactor operation.
Mobility of indium on the ZnO(0001) surface
Authors: Heinhold R. , Reeves R. J. , Williams G. T. , Evans D. A. , Allen M. W.
Published: February 2015

The mobility of indium on the Zn-polar (0001) surface of single crystal ZnO wafers was investigated using real-time x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A sudden transition in the wettability of the ZnO(0001) surface was observed at ∼520 °C, with indium migrating from the (0001¯) underside of the wafer, around the non-polar (11¯00) and (112¯0) sidewalls, to form a uniform self-organized (∼20 Å) adlayer. The In adlayer was oxidized, in agreement with the first principles calculations of Northrup and Neugebauer that In2O3 precipitation can only be avoided under a combination of In-rich and Zn-rich conditions. These findings suggest that unintentional In adlayers may form during the epitaxial growth of ZnO on indium-bonded substrates.
Plasma wakefield acceleration studies using the quasi-static code WAKE
Authors: Jain Neeraj , Palastro John , Antonsen T. M. , Mori Warren B. , An Weiming
Published: February 2015

The quasi-static code WAKE [P. Mora and T. Antonsen, Phys. Plasmas 4, 217 (1997)] is upgraded to model the propagation of an ultra-relativistic charged particle beam through a warm background plasma in plasma wakefield acceleration. The upgraded code is benchmarked against the full particle-in-cell code OSIRIS [Hemker et al., Phys. Rev. Spec. Top. Accel. Beams 3, 061301 (2000)] and the quasi-static code QuickPIC [Huang et al., J. Comput. Phys. 217, 658 (2006)]. The effect of non-zero plasma temperature on the peak accelerating electric field is studied for a two bunch electron beam driver with parameters corresponding to the plasma wakefield acceleration experiments at Facilities for Accelerator Science and Experimental Test Beams. It is shown that plasma temperature does not affect the energy gain and spread of the accelerated particles despite suppressing the peak accelerating electric field. The role of plasma temperature in improving the numerical convergence of the electric field with the grid resolution is discussed.
High-magnetic field characterization of magnetocaloric effect in FeZrB(Cu) amorphous ribbons
Authors: Alvarez-Alonso P. , Sánchez Llamazares J. L. , Sánchez-Valdés C. F. , Fdez-Gubieda M. L. , Gorria Pedro , Blanco J. A.
Published: February 2015

The magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of a series of Fe-rich FeZrB(Cu) amorphous ribbons were investigated under magnetic field values up to μ0H of 8 T. A correlation between the saturation magnetization and the maximum magnetic entropy change |ΔSMpeak| is clearly evidenced. Although these metallic glasses show relatively low |ΔSMpeak| values (from 3.6 to 4.4 J kg−1 K−1 for μ0ΔH = 8 T), the ΔSM(T) curve broadens upon the increase in μ0ΔH, giving rise to a large refrigerant capacity RC (above 900 J kg−1 for μ0ΔH = 8 T). Using the universal curve method for rescaling the ΔSM(T,μ0ΔH) curves, we found a collapse of the curves around the Curie temperature. However, in the low-temperature range the curves do not match into a single one due to the existence of magnetic frustration.
Properties of solitary ion acoustic waves in a quantized degenerate magnetoplasma with trapped electrons
Authors: Tsintsadze N. L. , Shah H. A. , Qureshi M. N. S. , Tagviashvili M. N.
Published: February 2015

We have undertaken the investigation of ion acoustic solitary waves in both weakly and strongly quantized degenerate magnetoplasmas. It is seen that a singular point clearly demarcates the regions of weak and strong quantization due to the ambient magnetic field. The effect of the magnetic field is taken into account via the parameter  η0=ℏωce/εFe and the Mach number, and their effect on the formation of solitary structures is investigated in both cases and some results are presented graphically.
Note on quantitatively correct simulations of the kinetic beam-plasma instability
Authors: Lotov K. V. , Timofeev I. V. , Mesyats E. A. , Snytnikov A. V. , Vshivkov V. A.
Published: February 2015

A large number of model particles are shown necessary for quantitatively correct simulations of the kinetic beam-plasma instability with the clouds-in-cells method. The required number of particles scales inversely with the expected growth rate, as only a narrow interval of beam velocities is resonant with the wave in the kinetic regime.
Modulated ferromagnetic ordering and the magnetocaloric response of Eu4PdMg
Authors: Ryan D. H. , Legros Anaëlle , Niehaus Oliver , Pöttgen Rainer , Cadogan J. M. , Flacau R.
Published: February 2015

Neutron powder diffraction confirms that the primary ordering mode in Eu4PdMg is ferromagnetic with a europium moment of 6.5(2) μB. 151Eu Mössbauer spectroscopy shows that the unusual linear temperature dependence of the magnetisation reported for this system is an intrinsic property and not an artefact of the applied field. The form and temperature evolution of the 151Eu Mössbauer spectra strongly suggest that there is an incommensurate modulation to the magnetic structure that modifies the basic ferromagnetic order. This modulated structure may be the origin of the broad magnetocaloric response previously observed in Eu4PdMg.