bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Systemic Burnout in Medical Oncology Through a National Oncology Mentorship Program
Authors: Nindra Udit , Shivasabesan Gowri , Mellor Rhiannon , Chua Wei , Ng Weng , Karikios Deme , Richards Bethan , Liu Jia
Published: January 2024

PURPOSE

Mentorship has a positive influence on trainee skills and well-being. A 2022 Pilot Mentorship Program in New South Wales involving 40 participants revealed high burnout rates in Medical Oncology trainees. As part of an Australia-wide inaugural National Oncology Mentorship Program in 2023 (NOMP23), a national survey was undertaken to assess the prevalence of burnout, anxiety, depression, professional fulfilment, and drivers of distress in the Australian medical oncology workforce.

METHODS

NOMP23 is a 1-year prospective cohort study that recruited medical oncology trainees and consultants using e-mail correspondence between February and March 2023. Each participant completed a baseline survey which included the Maslach Burnout Index (MBI), Stanford Professional Fulfilment Index, and Patient Health Questionnaire-4 for anxiety and depression.

RESULTS

One hundred and twelve participants (56 mentors, 56 mentees) were enrolled in NOMP23, of which 86 (77%) completed the baseline survey. MBI results at baseline demonstrated that 77% of consultants and 82% of trainees experienced burnout in the past 12 months. Professional fulfilment was noted to be <5% in our cohort. Screening rates of anxiety and depression in trainees were 32% and 16%, respectively, compared with 7% and 2% for consultants. When assessing reasons for workplace stress, two thirds stated that heavy patient load contributed to stress, while almost three quarters attributed a heavy administrative load. Lack of supervision was a key stressor for trainees (39%), as was lack of support from the training college (58%).

CONCLUSION

Trainees and consultant medical oncologists demonstrate high rates of burnout and low professional fulfilment. The NOMP23 program has identified a number of key stress factors driving burnout and demonstrated concerning levels of anxiety and depression. Ongoing mentorship and other well-being initiatives are needed to address these issues.
Changes in Intrinsic Connectivity Networks Topology Across Levels of Dexmedetomidine-Induced Alteration of Consciousness
Authors: Staquet Cecile , Vanhaudenhuyse Audrey , Kandeepan Sivayini , Sanders Robert D. , Ribeiro de Paula Demetrius , Brichant Jean François , Laureys Steven , Bonhomme Vincent , Soddu Andrea
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:

Human consciousness is generally thought to emerge from the activity of intrinsic connectivity networks (resting-state networks [RSNs]) of the brain, which have topological characteristics including, among others, graph strength and efficiency. So far, most functional brain imaging studies in anesthetized subjects have compared wakefulness and unresponsiveness, a state considered as corresponding to unconsciousness. Sedation and general anesthesia not only produce unconsciousness but also phenomenological states of preserved mental content and perception of the environment (connected consciousness), and preserved mental content but no perception of the environment (disconnected consciousness). Unresponsiveness may be seen during unconsciousness, but also during disconnectedness. Deep dexmedetomidine sedation is frequently a state of disconnected consciousness. In this study, we were interested in characterizing the RSN topology changes across 4 different and steady-state levels of dexmedetomidine-induced alteration of consciousness, namely baseline (Awake, drug-free state), Mild sedation (drowsy, still responding), Deep sedation (unresponsive), and Recovery, with a focus on changes occurring between a connected consciousness state and an unresponsiveness state.

METHODS:

A functional magnetic resonance imaging database acquired in 14 healthy volunteers receiving dexmedetomidine sedation was analyzed using a method combining independent component analysis and graph theory, specifically looking at changes in connectivity strength and efficiency occurring during the 4 above-mentioned dexmedetomidine-induced altered consciousness states.

RESULTS:

Dexmedetomidine sedation preserves RSN architecture. Unresponsiveness during dexmedetomidine sedation is mainly characterized by a between-networks graph strength alteration and within-network efficiency alteration of lower-order sensory RSNs, while graph strength and efficiency in higher-order RSNs are relatively preserved.

CONCLUSIONS:

The differential dexmedetomidine-induced RSN topological changes evidenced in this study may be the signature of inadequate processing of sensory information by lower-order RSNs, and of altered communication between lower-order and higher-order networks, while the latter remain functional. If replicated in an experimental paradigm distinguishing, in unresponsive subjects, disconnected consciousness from unconsciousness, such changes would sustain the hypothesis that disconnected consciousness arises from altered information handling by lower-order sensory networks and altered communication between lower-order and higher-order networks, while the preservation of higher-order networks functioning allows for an internally generated mental content (or dream).
Women in Anesthesiology and the Mid-Career Stall: Why They Are Not Advancing Into Senior Leadership
Authors: Mondal Samhati , Oakes Daryl , Humphrey Tara , Kolarczyk Lavinia , Trzcinka Agnieszka
Published: January 2024

Women anesthesiologists face many challenges when trying to advance their careers and find balance in personal and professional endeavors. In this article, we introduce the reader to several concepts central to understanding the challenges faced by mid-career women anesthesiologists and highlight why these challenges become particularly pronounced when women enter the mid-career stage. We describe how lack of constructive actionable feedback combined with lack of mentorship and sponsorship negatively affects women in the workplace. We also outline barriers and bias that mid-career women anesthesiologists face in high-level leadership roles along with the disproportionally high burden of nonpromotable work. We present a discussion of mistreatment and burnout, which are compounded by concurrent demands of parenthood and a professional career. We conclude with the impact that these barriers have on mid-career women anesthesiologists and recommendations for mitigating these challenges. They include a systematic increase in mentorship and sponsorship, an individualized professional development strategy, and an improved and comprehensive approach to promotion.
A Pilot Study of Renin-Guided Angiotensin-II Infusion to Reduce Kidney Stress After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Sadjadi Mahan , von Groote Thilo , Weiss Raphael , Strauß Christian , Wempe Carola , Albert Felix , Langenkämper Marie , Landoni Giovanni , Bellomo Rinaldo , Khanna Ashish K. , Coulson Tim , Meersch Melanie , Zarbock Alexander
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:

Vasoplegia is common after cardiac surgery, is associated with hyperreninemia, and can lead to acute kidney stress. We aimed to conduct a pilot study to test the hypothesis that, in vasoplegic cardiac surgery patients, angiotensin-II (AT-II) may not increase kidney stress (measured by [TIMP-2]*[IGFBP7]).

METHODS:

We randomly assigned patients with vasoplegia (cardiac index [CI] > 2.1l/min, postoperative hypotension requiring vasopressors) and Δ-renin (4-hour postoperative–preoperative value) ≥3.7 µU/mL, to AT-II or placebo targeting a mean arterial pressure ≥65 mm Hg for 12 hours. The primary end point was the incidence of kidney stress defined as the difference between baseline and 12 hours [TIMP-2]*[IGFBP7] levels. Secondary end points included serious adverse events (SAEs).

RESULTS:

We randomized 64 patients. With 1 being excluded, 31 patients received AT-II, and 32 received placebo. No significant difference was observed between AT-II and placebo groups for kidney stress (Δ-[TIMP-2]*[IGFBP7] 0.06 [ng/mL]2/1000 [Q1–Q3, −0.24 to 0.28] vs −0.08 [ng/mL]2/1000 [Q1–Q3, −0.35 to 0.14]; P = .19; Hodges-Lehmann estimation of the location shift of 0.12 [ng/mL]2/1000 [95% confidence interval, CI, −0.1 to 0.36]). AT-II patients received less fluid during treatment than placebo patients (2946 vs 3341 mL, P = .03), and required lower doses of norepinephrine equivalent (0.19 mg vs 4.18mg, P < .001). SAEs were reported in 38.7% of patients in the AT-II group and in 46.9% of patients in the placebo group.

CONCLUSIONS:

The infusion of AT-II for 12 hours appears feasible and did not lead to an increase in kidney stress in a high-risk cohort of cardiac surgery patients. These findings support the cautious continued investigation of AT-II as a vasopressor in hyperreninemic cardiac surgery patients.
Comparison of Dentatorubrothalamic Tractography Methods Based on the Anatomy of the Rubral Wing
Authors: Berger Assaf , Chung Jongchul , Schnurman Zane , Stepanov Valentin , Pan Ling , Shepherd Timothy M. , Mogilner Alon
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Precise localization of the dentatorubrothalamic (DRT) tract can facilitate anatomic targeting in MRI-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) thalamotomy and thalamic deep brain stimulation for tremor. The anatomic segment of DRT fibers adjacent to the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (VIM), referred to as the rubral wing (RW), may be directly visualized on the fast gray matter acquisition T1 inversion recovery. We compared reproducibility, lesion overlap, and clinical outcomes when reconstructing the DRT tract using a novel anatomically defined RW region of interest, DRT-RW, to an existing tractography method based on the posterior subthalamic area region of interest (DRT-PSA).

METHODS:

We reviewed data of 23 patients with either essential tremor (n = 18) or tremor-predominant Parkinson's disease (n = 5) who underwent HIFU thalamotomy, targeting the VIM. DRT tractography, ipsilateral to the lesion, was created based on either DRT-PSA or DRT-RW. Volume sections of each tract were created and dice similarity coefficients were used to measure spatial overlap between the 2 tractographies. Post-HIFU lesion size and location (on postoperative T2 MRI) was correlated with tremor outcomes and side effects for both DRT tractography methods and the RW itself.

RESULTS:

DRT-PSA passed through the RW and DRT-RW intersected with the ROIs of the DRT-PSA in all 23 cases. A higher percentage of the RW was ablated in patients who achieved tremor control (18.9%, 95% CI 15.1, 22.7) vs those without tremor relief (6.7%, 95% CI% 0, 22.4, P = .017). In patients with tremor control 6 months postoperatively (n = 12), those with side effects (n = 6) had larger percentages of their tracts ablated in comparison with those without side effects in both DRT-PSA (44.8, 95% CI 31.8, 57.8 vs 24.2%, 95% CI 12.4, 36.1, P = .025) and DRT-RW (35.4%, 95% CI 21.5, 49.3 vs 21.7%, 95% CI 12.7, 30.8, P = .030).

CONCLUSION:

Tractography of the DRT could be reconstructed by direct anatomic visualization of the RW on fast gray matter acquisition T1 inversion recovery-MRI. Anatomic planning is expected to be quicker, more reproducible, and less operator-dependent.
Beyond barriers, towards diversity: how hybrid student conferences can drive accessibility
Authors: Castellano Bueno Janire , Vezyrakis Alexandros , Xu Peter , Miller Christopher W.
Published: January 2024

The third International Student Symposium on Animal Behaviour and Cognition (ISSABC) aimed to address barriers for early career researchers, hosting a conference both in-person and online at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). The conference, attended by 101 in-person and 79 virtual participants from 24 countries, featured 81 presentations, 29 posters, five plenary talks, three workshops, and a career development round-table discussion. A user-friendly website and digital platforms facilitated communication and real-time discussions between in-person and online participants. Transparent fund management, support from sponsors and societies, and sustainable practices ensured financial accountability and minimised environmental impact. The conference emphasised sustainability measures, including eco-friendly catering and local reusable mugs. Future organisers of similar events are encouraged to prioritise local representation, plan contingencies, select plenary speakers rigorously, and employ effective marketing. With this meeting review, we highlight how hybrid conferences like the third ISSABC, through innovative approaches and sustainable practices, enhance accessibility, inclusivity, and empower the next generation of scientists.
Μοντελοποίηση και προσομοίωση μιας μάχης
Authors: Φούντα Κωνσταντίνα
Published: January 2024

Στην παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή, παρουσιάζεται ένα νέο μαθηματικό υπόδειγμα μάχης, με το οποίο προτείνουμε τη βέλτιστη στρατηγική συμπεριφορά ανάμεσα σε δύο συμμετέχοντες, μελετώντας τις αλληλεπιδράσεις τους κατά τη διάρκεια μιας μάχης. Η συνεισφορά μας είναι η εισαγωγή του όρου «Βέλτιστη Αναμενόμενη Στρατηγική Συμπεριφορά» (ΒΑΣΣ) και η ανάπτυξη ενός νέου διακριτού δυναμικού συστήματος που προσομοιώνει τη στρατηγική συμπεριφορά των παικτών κατά τη διάρκεια μιας μάχης. Η χρήση του μοντέλου διευκολύνει την κατασκευή σεναρίων, προβλέψεων και αποτελεσμάτων για την έκβαση μιας μάχης και την ανατροπή της. Παρουσιάζονται τρεις περιπτωσιολογικές μελέτες (μάχες) για την ενίσχυση της χρησιμότητας του μοντέλου και των προτεινόμενων λύσεων του. Οι μάχες είναι η Ναυμαχία της Σαλαμίνας, η Μάχη του Midway και μια Θεωρητική Σύγχρονη Μάχη. Στην τελευταία μελέτη περίπτωσης, η διαδικασία ανάλυσης επαναλαμβάνεται με τη συμβολή ενός συμμάχου, τονίζοντας τις στρατηγικές αλλαγές συμπεριφοράς των παικτών κατά τη διάρκεια μιας μάχης.
Advancing South-South cooperation in education: Indonesian experience with South Africa
Authors: Heryadi R. Dudy , Darmastuti Shanti , Rachman Ayu Anastasya
Published: January 2024

Education collaboration is important to increase the quality of human capital. South-South cooperation is conducted to exchange resources, technology, skills, and knowledge between southern countries. The purpose of this research is to investigate the collaboration between Indonesia and South Africa toward advancing South-South Cooperation in education. The data collection used in this qualitative research is an interview and literature study with 9 purposive informants from the Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Indonesia Ministry of Education and Culture, and the Embassy of South Africa. The data were obtained within six months. The interview was primarily used to explore the roles and practices of government institutions and universities in fostering education collaboration and human resources development. In this study, the South-South Cooperation helps Indonesia address its educational needs. The result showed that most international education cooperation between both countries is agreed upon at the University-to-University level through a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), facing less sustainable challenges and low impact. Therefore, an investment-led model, multi-stakeholder collaboration, and a tool to monitor and evaluate this process are needed to improve South-South Cooperation to achieve its goals.
Measuring the psychosocial wellbeing of Rohingya mothers in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh: Psychometric properties of an MHPSS assessment battery
Authors: Nguyen Amanda , Bhardwaj Anvita , Rahaman Kh Shafiur , Barua Suzit , Le Roch Karine , Lasater Molly , Schojan Matthew , Lee Catherine , Berg Kim , Murray Sarah M
Published: January 2024

Background Psychosocial research in humanitarian settings has been historically dominated by a focus on distress and disorder. As such, there is a need to establish the validity of instruments for a broad range of psychosocial outcomes, particularly among highly affected and under-represented populations. The current study describes the adaptation and testing of multiple psychosocial instruments among displaced Rohingya mothers in Bangladesh. Methods We used baseline data from 600 mothers of malnourished children aged 2 and under enrolled in an intervention study in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Instruments assessed distress (items from the International Depression Symptom Scale [IDSS] and Kessler-6 [K-6]); functional impairment (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule [WHODAS]); subjective wellbeing (global Satisfaction With Life [SWL] and Personal Wellbeing Index [PWI]; and, coping (items from the Brief COPE and locally developed coping items). Instruments were piloted and refined, then used for data collection by Bangladeshi-Rohingya interviewer pairs. We conducted exploratory factor analysis, evaluated internal consistency, examined construct validity through correlation with other scales, and used regression models to explore demographic factors associated with psychosocial health. Results Both the WHODAS and coping items fit 2-factor models; other scales were unidimensional. Cronbach’s alphas ranged from .76 to .90 for the refined scales. With the exception of coping, scale correlations supported construct validity; separate measures of the same construct were highly correlated, distress and impairment were moderately correlated, and both were inversely correlated with wellbeing. Correlates of poorer psychosocial health included relative socioeconomic disadvantage, current pregnancy, and being unmarried. Conclusions Most of the standard psychosocial assessment tools performed adequately, but they did not appear to fully capture local experiences and included items of little local relevance. Findings highlight the need for further mixed methods research to develop a rich battery of instruments with cross-cultural validity, particularly for positive outcomes such as coping which was particularly challenging to assess.
A systematic investigation of detectors for low signal-to-noise ratio EMG signals
Authors: Yuvaraj Monisha , Raja Priyanka , David Ann , Burdet Etienne , SKM Varadhan , Balasubramanian Sivakumar
Published: January 2024

Background Active participation of stroke survivors during robot-assisted movement therapy is essential for sensorimotor recovery. Robot-assisted therapy contingent on movement intention is an effective way to encourage patients’ active engagement. For severely impaired stroke patients with no residual movements, a surface electromyogram (EMG) has been shown to be a viable option for detecting movement intention. Although numerous algorithms for EMG detection exist, the detector with the highest accuracy and lowest latency for low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) remains unknown. Methods This study, therefore, investigates the performance of 13 existing EMG detection algorithms on simulated low SNR (0dB and -3dB) EMG signals generated using three different EMG signal models: Gaussian, Laplacian, and biophysical model. The detector performance was quantified using the false positive rate (FPR), false negative rate (FNR), and detection latency. Any detector that consistently showed FPR and FNR of no more than 20%, and latency of no more than 50ms, was considered an appropriate detector for use in robot-assisted therapy. Results The results indicate that the Modified Hodges detector – a simplified version of the threshold-based Hodges detector introduced in the current study – was the most consistent detector across the different signal models and SNRs. It consistently performed for ~90% and ~40% of the tested trials for 0dB and -3dB SNR, respectively. The two statistical detectors (Gaussian and Laplacian Approximate Generalized Likelihood Ratio) and the Fuzzy Entropy detectors have a slightly lower performance than Modified Hodges. Conclusions Overall, the Modified Hodges, Gaussian and Laplacian Approximate Generalized Likelihood Ratio, and the Fuzzy Entropy detectors were identified as the potential candidates that warrant further investigation with real surface EMG data since they had consistent detection performance on low SNR EMG data.
Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia: diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Petruhina K.
Published: January 2024

Vitamin B12 deficiency is a common condition that can manifest with nonspecific clinical symptoms and, in severe cases, neurologic and hematologic abnormalities. Currently, vitamin B12 deficiency occurs most commonly due to malabsorption of food-associated cobalamin. Because lack of diagnosis can lead to potentially serious complications including spinal cord degeneration and pancytopenia, vitamin B12 deficiency should be diagnosed early and treated accordingly. Treatment for vitamin B12 deficiency is simple but can last a lifetime.
THE IMPORTANCE OF P16 GENE EXPRESSION AS A FACTOR OF TUMOR BLAST CELL TRANSFORMATION (literature review)
Authors: Subbotina Tat'yana , Guseynov Arif , Gol'cova E. , Chizhova V. , Rudneva A.
Published: January 2024

For a more accurate prediction of tumor behavior and individualization of treatment approach, it is necessary to improve new methods of early diagnosis of precancerous conditions. The article provides an overview of the modern understanding of the mechanisms of gene p16 expression as a factor in tumor growth. Data on the relevance of studying the pathogenesis of tumor blast transformation in invasive breast cancer are presented. These tumors require the combined interdisciplinary work of highly qualified specialists and ultra-modern technologies to achieve a positive result. The link between the formation of malignant breast tumors and human papillomavirus is described.

The purpose of this study was to review the futuristically significant immunohistochemical analysis of p16 in patients of different age groups with common cervical cancer and breast cancer.

The possibility of using the determination of p16 expression as a prognostic marker for breast cancer is shown, as well as the results of studying the expression of p16 and p53 in triple-negative breast cancer. The data reflecting the dependence of the suppressor function efficiency on the localization of p16 expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix are analyzed. The dependence of p16INK4a expression on the severity of malignant cervical lesions is indicated, and the effect of chemotherapy on p16 expression is considered. By studying and applying information on the ontogenetic variability of the p16 gene, it is possible to significantly increase the accuracy of predicting the clinical and pathomorphological course of cancer of any nature of occurrence and to select adequate therapy: gene, chemotherapy, radiation therapy.
Cefepime-induced non-convulsive status epilepticus
Authors: Duarte-Celada Walter , Thakolwiboon Samathorn , Pan Jie , Bueso Tulio , Ferdous Jannatul
Published: January 2024

Cefepime-induced non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) can develop in patients with advanced age, renal impairment, and previous central nervous system disorders. Its clinical presentation varies from confusion, mutism, and decreased level of consciousness to coma. The typical electroencephalogram (EEG) findings are generalized spike and wave discharges of 1-3 Hz. We present a case series of 4 patients with cefepime-induced NCSE, including the clinical presentation and EEG findings. Electroencephalograms should be part of the workup of acute confusional state in patients on this antibiotic, and physicians should be aware of this uncommon complication.
 
Keywords: Non-convulsive status epilepticus, cefepime, confusion, mutism, electroencephalogram.
Spis ludności miasta Wieliczki z 1788 r. jako źródło do rekonstrukcji rodzin w perspektywie badań demograficznych i genealogicznych
Authors: Pieczara Jakub
Published: January 2024

In demographic research, one of the better-known ways to learn about populations in the past is to use the method of reconstructing families. This article presents the most important information on the census of the population of St. Clement’s parish in Wieliczka. In addition, for a broader understanding of the population of the mining town in 1788, the age pyramid of Wieliczka’s residents will be presented, as well as a brief description of the family structures in the town developed on the basis of source material, along with an indication of the problems and research doubts that arose during the application of the family reconstruction method.
Specyfika poszukiwań na terenie Galicji z perspektywy własnych badań genealogicznych
Authors: Lisowski Przemysław
Published: January 2024

Genealogical research in the Galicia region is associated with many challenges. An individual embarking on the adventure of building a family tree may encounter obstacles that prove difficult to overcome. The first category is the language in which the documents are written. Another problem is related to access to vital records and other archival documentation for constructing a family tree, as well as the diversity of sources that can be utilised in the family history research process. Economic, military, and cartographic documentation, especially from the 19th century is scattered across numerous archives in several countries. In the presented article, the author attempts to illustrate his own journey during years of searching for the history of his ancestors, specifically the millers from the Eastern Galicia.
A ESCRITA DE DISTOPIAS COMO EXERCÍCIO DE IMAGINAÇÃO POLÍTICA, ESTÉTICA E CULTURAL
Authors: De Medeiros Maria Gomes , Lúcio Ana Marinho
Published: January 2024

No presente estudo, com base em pesquisas recentes sobre a produção literária de textos de ficção científica e de distopias (LIEBEL, 2021; SUVIN, 2015; CLAEYS, 2013;) e também de contribuições teóricas dos estudos literários, feministas e da memória (COSTA LIMA, 2007; BAKHTIN, 2014; BUTLER, 2016; ARFUCH, 2010; GLISSANT, 2008; POLLAK, 1992), buscamos situar o conto Seis Tetas, da escritora argentina Camila Sosa Villada, no panorama literário das obras de ficção científica. Interessou-nos especificamente entender como a escrita paródica da autora introduz elementos culturais do universo das travestis latino-americanas ao gênero, alargando as possibilidades narrativas e dando enfoque ao legado cultural e social dos processos de resistência vivenciados por este grupo.
Análise multidimensional de um corpus multinível de aprendizes de língua inglesa
Authors: Silva Cicero Soares da
Published: January 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar as dimensões de variação nos padrões de elementos lexicogramaticais da linguagem utilizada por aprendizes de inglês, utilizando o Corpus Multinível de Aprendizes Brasileiros de Inglês (COBRA-7), compilado por W. M. Dantas em 2012. O COBRA-7 consiste em 2516 redações escolares, divididas em seis níveis de proficiência, totalizando 571.564 palavras. A pesquisa se insere na área da Linguística de Corpus de Aprendiz (LCA), que investiga textos autênticos produzidos por aprendizes de línguas estrangeiras. A metodologia empregada é a Análise Multidimensional Funcional (AMD) no contexto da Linguística de Corpus, utilizando ferramentas computacionais. A análise buscou identificar as dimensões de variação gramático-funcionais no corpus e, através do uso do procedimento estatístico ANOVA, examinou a variação multidimensional funcional em relação a variáveis independentes como "escola", "nível" e "gênero biológico". Os resultados indicaram a existência de variação estatística entre os diferentes níveis de ensino.
“Vou ficar desonline até o ano que vem”: uma análise morfossemântica do construto desonline
Authors: Portela Camargo Brendha
Published: January 2024

Tradicionalmente, o prefixo “des-”, no português brasileiro, é associado a significados de separação, negação ou ação contrária. A criação do termo desonline, no entanto, desafia essa definição, uma vez que parece denotar a negação da condição de estar online ou conectado à internet. Tendo isso em vista, este estudo investiga a origem do construto, sugerindo que desonline é resultado de uma derivação prefixal híbrida, devido à sua base estrangeira (Ferreira, 2021). Além de propor uma análise morfossemântica para o construto, o artigo faz uma comparação entre desonline e off-line, destacando que, embora compartilhem traços semânticos, não são sinônimos perfeitos. A pesquisa, portanto, busca contribuir para a compreensão dos processos morfológicos na língua portuguesa, especialmente no contexto de neologismos e construtos derivados.
LUTO, MELANCOLIA E CRIAÇÃO FICCIONAL EM O AVESSO DA PELE, DE JEFERSON TENÓRIO
Authors: Gomes de Jesus André Luís
Published: January 2024

O avesso da pele (2020), o terceiro romance de Jeferson Tenório, ocupa um lugar que nos parece central no projeto literário do autor, uma vez que há, na obra, um amadurecimento tanto dos temas quanto das técnicas narrativas mobilizadas pelo escritor. A partir da construção de um narrador que oscila entre participante, testemunha e, em alguns casos, mobilizador de uma onisciência seletiva, Tenório constitui um texto que pode ser lido como um libelo contra o processo de marginalização dos corpos dissidentes e se utiliza da cidade de Porto Alegre como cenário dos conflitos vividos por suas personagens – principalmente Henrique, Marta e Pedro –que se veem como exilados num território hostil. O romance se constitui partir da narração de Pedro sobre seu pai, Henrique, assassinado pela polícia e pode ser visto como tentativa de constituição de uma imagem afetiva do pai pelo filho. Nesse processo de (re)invenção da figura do pai emerge a relação do texto com a ideia de melancolia (LIMA, 2017). A partir do olhar melancólico desse narrador que oscila sua focalização, temos um jogo de luto (BENJAMIN, 2011) em a elaboração da morte do pai passa também pela elaboração de si e do mundo (FREUD, 2011), o que faz com que a narrativa assuma um caráter de reflexão não só das questões étnico-raciais, mas também do processo de diálogo com as noções de morte, luto, melancolia e temporalidade, o que constitui uma série de efeitos de sentido que tem na incorporação e posterior recriação ficcional da realidade (CANDIDO, 2023) e, portanto, na ênfase estética o seu ponto de partida.
A ARTE DA GUERRA NA LITERATURA BRASILEIRA: ESTRATÉGIAS DE CONCEIÇÃO EVARISTO NO CAMPO DE BATALHA
Authors: Leal Marcelle Ferreira
Published: January 2024

A Literatura Brasileira, ao longo de séculos, concentrou-se sob os domínios de uma minoria detentora dos poderes político, econômico e cultural do país. Este cenário contribuiu para que as dinâmicas de constituição das letras nacionais se organizassem tradicionalmente de maneira vertical e excludente. Há resistência e luta diante do estabelecido por parte daquelas e daqueles que estão à sombra do sistema e, nas últimas décadas, verifica-se, progressivamente, uma mudança estrutural da arte em questão a partir de ações individuais e coletivas destes sujeitos. Almeja-se compreender algumas das formas pelas quais as mulheres negras, especificamente, ocupam o espaço literário com o fim de reconfigurá-lo. Através de uma abordagem analítica das estratégias de Conceição Evaristo em diálogo com intelectuais que refletem sobre as temáticas étnico-raciais, como Grada Kilomba e Lélia Gonzalez, acredita-se que encontraremos caminhos que nos ajudam a reordenar o literário no Brasil de modo mais plural e colaborativo.
O ERÓTICO COMO RESISTÊNCIA EM “LUAMANDA” E “MAIS ILUMINADA QUE OUTRAS”
Authors: De Vasconcelos Lidiane Lima , Santos Gilvaneide de Sousa
Published: January 2024

Este estudo se propõe a trazer uma leitura comparativa dos contos “Luamanda” de Conceição Evaristo e “Mais iluminada que as outras” de Jarid Arraes. O nosso objetivo foi explorar o erótico das narrativas para que seja visto como resistência e não como projeção da hipersexualização quando é associado aos corpos das mulheres negras. Além disso, pretendemos romper com a história hegemônica que se utilizou da sexualidade feminina como dispositivo de controle social, sufocando potencialidades dos corpos femininos. Usamos como suporte teórico os estudos de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie em O Perigo de uma história única (2009), o conceito de  “escrevivência” de Conceição Evaristo (2020), o conceito de erótico de Audre Lorde (2019) e as imagens que foram lançadas sobre as mulheres negras brasileiras pela perspectiva de Beatriz Nascimento (2021) e de Lélia Gonzalez (2020).
A IDENTIDADE NARRATIVA E A CONFIGURAÇÃO DA VOZ DO NARRADOR NA LITERATURA AFRO-BRASILEIRA
Authors: Ribeiro da Silva Edson
Published: January 2024

A narrativa literária afro-brasileira procura ser identitária. Segundo Paul Ricoeur, o reconhecimento do sujeito, como identidade, só ocorre através de narrativas. Já a tradição de povos cuja transmissão da identidade repousa sobre a oralidade valoriza a voz do narrador ancestral como portadora de verdade. A valorização das vozes dos narradores gerou diversas técnicas na modernidade. A tendência historiográfica das grandes narrativas identitárias afro-brasileiras acaba deixando a voz ancestral em plano secundário diante de preocupações hermenêuticas mais pedagógicas, enquanto a narrativa curta tem obtido resultados estéticos mais complexos, em que essas vozes traumatizadas exibem sua verdade recorrendo a discursos que identificam grupos, fazendo uso de técnicas mais distantes da retórica realista.
ÁGUA DE BARRELA, DE ELIANA ALVES CRUZ: POR UMA POÉTICA DE REPOVOAMENTO
Authors: Oliveira Paulo Cesar Silva de
Published: January 2024

Este artigo é uma leitura do romance Água de barrela, de Eliana Alves Cruz (2016; 2018), e investiga a trajetória editorial da obra, discutindo o papel da narrativa na ficcionalização da saga familiar da autora que, inserida na série histórica, elabora o que chamaremos de “poética de repovoamento”. Os estudos decoloniais, conforme pensados por Aníbal Quijano (1992) e desenvolvido por Walter D. Mignolo (2005; 2008; 2012; 2017), nos auxiliam na construção de estratégias de abordagem do texto literário voltadas para a compreensão crítica dos processos epistemológico-teóricos que promovam a decolonização epistêmica do campo literário contemporâneo. A ênfase na crítica decolonizada e na leitura crítica da narrativa de autora pouco estudada justificam o trabalho e sua relevância para estudo da ficção hodierna.
BECOS DA MEMÓRIA: TERRITÓRIO, CORPO E REINVENÇÃO
Authors: Franco Amanda Fernandes , Caimi Claudia Luiza
Published: January 2024

Levando em consideração os vários silenciamentos impostos às mulheres negras na sociedade brasileira e, também, sua invisibilização tanto na literatura quanto na história oficial da nação, a escrevivência surge como um manifesto potente que busca romper com paradigmas excludentes ao inscrever um corpo autoral por meio de um gesto de escrita. Evaristo é uma autora que nos brinda com uma série de metáforas que fazem do lugar físico da favela-corpo da negritude e de seus apagamentos sistemáticos, desencadeados por um pacto perverso que visa ao silenciamento e a mortificação, uma possibilidade de remontar um corpo autoral e descolonizado através da escrita de memórias. Em sua escrita, o território, o corpo, a memória, a política e a ficção se misturam e confundem, produzindo novas imagens pensantes e narrativas que deslocam esse corpo, banhando-o de novos sentidos e significância política. O foco desta análise não pretende se ater a um discurso reducionista que busca uma mera transposição das condições sociopolíticas da população negra no Brasil para a literatura, mas, sim, de tentar alcançar a profundidade da narrativa em sua potência ficcional de denúncia e autoria.
Understanding, diagnosing and managing endocrinopathic laminitis
Authors: Grenager Nora
Published: January 2024

Endocrinopathic laminitis (or hyperinsulinaemia-associated laminitis) is the most common type of laminitis encountered in equine practice. Strict attention to risk factors and early recognition and diagnosis of insulin dysregulation – as part of equine metabolic syndrome or pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction – greatly decreases the risk of hyperinsulinaemia-associated laminitis. Early treatment and a committed client, veterinary and farriery team is critical to improve the prognosis. Treatment of hyperinsulinaemia-associated laminitis should encompass a three-pronged approach: treat the underlying cause (insulin dysregulation associated with equine metabolic syndrome or pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction); give anti-inflammatories and analgesics; biomechanically support the foot. The field of equine endocrinopathic disease is very active, so it is important to stay up to date on potential diagnostics and therapeutics.
Oral electrolyte supplementation and prevention of dehydration in horses
Authors: Lindinger Michael Ivan
Published: January 2024

Dehydration is common in equine disciplines and can be avoided by effective oral rehydration strategies. Thermoregulatory loss of heat in horses requires sweating which, in turn, can result in considerable loss of water and electrolytes. Maintenance of hydration and prevention of dehydration requires the continuous replacement of lost electrolytes and water. The stomach and small intestine can function as reservoirs to facilitate the uptake of water and electrolytes consumed 1–2 hours prior to competitions, training and transport. Ions and water are rapidly absorbed in the small intestine and taken up by muscles and the skin, where they serve to replace losses resulting from muscle contraction and sweating. An effective electrolyte supplement replaces electrolytes in the proportion that they are lost through sweating; failure to do this results in an electrolyte imbalance. Electrolyte solution osmolality must be maintained at less than that of bodily fluids to promote gastric emptying and intestinal absorption. Palatability of the electrolyte supplement should be high, and horses should be trained to drink the solution voluntarily before any dehydrating event to try to prevent dehydration from occurring.
Revolutionizing Education: Navigating the New Landscape Post-COVID-19: A Scoping Review
Authors: Nang Abdul Fattah Mat , Maat Siti Mistima , Mahmud Muhammad Sofwan
Published: January 2024

Education systems worldwide have been significantly disrupted due to the COVID-19 pandemic, creating an immediate need for a revamp of conventional teaching and learning techniques. To explore how this has affected the educational landscape, a scoping review was conducted. This scoping review aimed to examine the changes that occurred in the education field and to explore how it has transformed the educational landscape review. Using Arksey and O'Malley's methodology, 51 articles were selected for analysis from two leading databases: Scopus and Web of Science. All chosen articles were then subjected to thematic analysis. Three main aspects impacted by this global event were uncovered, which are technological advancements and digital transformation, changes in pedagogy and teaching methods, and mental health and well-being issues. This scoping review provides valuable insights into one of the most critical sectors affected by COVID-19, which can assist with planning future strategies for similar crises.
Contesting Aviation Expansion
Authors: Griggs Steven , Howarth David
Published: January 2024

Aviation is an integral element of advanced capitalism, and for many citizens and groups it is regarded as an essential ingredient of their everyday practices. But flying impacts negatively on local communities near airports, and the vast majority of the population who do not fly, not to mention the planet. Indeed, though citizens (and governments) regularly proclaim their intention to address climate change, and the environmental impacts of aviation, many still fly. Contesting Airport Expansion explores this dilemma by analysing the different ways that public authorities continue to sponsor the aviation industry in the face of hostile political opposition, and the growing scientific evidence of the negative impact of flying on carbon emissions and climate change. The book presents a genealogy of the problems and proposed solutions of UK airports policy since the 1940s, shedding light on the technologies of government used by the state to try and depoliticise the public opposition to airport expansion. It shows how strategies to depoliticise aviation and expand airports have often failed because their proponents were unable to constitute an effective political will in the face of the fundamental challenges of politics. The spectre of politics is evident in the growing social antagonisms and ideological struggles that punctuate the battle for policy hegemony in aviation. Challenging the dominant logics of airport expansion in the UK context, the book argues for a radical re-routing of airport and aviation policy along a path of degrowth, which can lay the grounds for a more sustainable future.
Changing places
Authors: Coulter Rory
Published: January 2024

This chapter moves beyond the micro-level focus of Chapters 3–6 by sketching how housing and life course dynamics interact to shape local processes of population change. The chapter begins by outlining a conceptual framework for understanding how residential behaviour – specifically the ways people make decisions to stay in, leave, enter or avoid particular residential locations – mediates how changes in life courses have aggregate impacts on the demographic and socio-economic composition of neighbourhoods and localities. The chapter’s remaining sections then unpack how the sorts of life course dynamics explored in the previous chapters reshape local populations by selectively altering (1) residential preferences and aspirations, (2) resources and restrictions, (3) life events and transitions, and (4) opportunities and constraints. Examples of each mechanism are explored in turn by focusing on how these influence changes in the ethnic and socio-economic composition of British neighbourhoods.
Retirement Migration and Precarity in Later Life
Authors: Repetti Marion , Calasanti Toni
Published: January 2024

The number of international retirement migrants moving from rich countries in the Global North to poorer European countries and to the Global South has increased over recent decades. Some migrate seasonally, while others relocate permanently. Their geographic movements are often attributed to lifestyle motivations, such as a search for new adventures. Based on interviews and fieldwork among a diverse sample of retirees from the UK, Switzerland and the US who moved permanently to Spain, Costa Rica and Mexico, this book reveals different dimensions of retirement migration, focusing on its emergence from diverse forms of precarity in later life. In particular, the authors demonstrate that such geographic movements often reflect migrants’ search for more economic security, social integration and access to health and social care. In their exploration of the motivations and experiences of their respondents, the authors situate these in the context of retirement migrants’ home and host countries’ welfare state policies.
Introduction
Authors: Repetti Marion , Calasanti Toni
Published: January 2024

This chapter positions retirement migration within the larger context of international migration trends and outlines the theoretical framework that we use in our examination of retirement migration. It starts with describing the growing phenomenon of retirement migration from richer countries to places of the world where the costs of living are cheaper, as well as the diverse forms that such geographic movements take. We then introduce the literature on precarity, ageing and ageism on which the book draws. We focus on three forms of precarity: economic, social (and how this is shaped by ageism) and health (in terms of both assistance and care). The rest of the chapter gives an overview of the book’s content.
Precarity and the welfare state in home and host countries
Authors: Repetti Marion , Calasanti Toni
Published: January 2024

Retirement migration is not only about geographical movement but also about people navigating between the policies of different states, such as those related to old age, public health insurance and residence or citizenship requirements. In countries of the Global North like the UK, Switzerland and the US, older people often rely on welfare state benefits for their economic security and their access to healthcare. In this context, the economic and health benefits that retirement migrants receive from their home countries, as well as whether they can access their state pensions and local healthcare systems in their host countries, influence their decisions about whether and where to migrate. In this chapter, we use literature on work, retirement and health policies in later life to explore the political-economic contexts shaping the precarity of older people in the UK, Switzerland and the US.
Conclusion
Authors: Nowicki Mel
Published: January 2024

The chapter concludes by examining the continued legacy of austerity in Britain today. It goes on to outline the academic and policy contributions of the book. It then provides an update on the three case studies. Finally, I argue that we have moved beyond the point of a housing crisis, to a new normal where the decimation of working-class people’s rights to homes goes largely unchallenged. The book ends with a call to reorient our understandings of the home as an essential part of human wellbeing and happiness, and fight for a right to home for all.
Beyond Neighbourhood Planning
Authors: Yuille Andy
Published: January 2024

There has been an international turn to participatory democracy – enabling people to play an active role in decision making that affects them – over the past three decades. Neighbourhood planning is a particularly striking example of this turn, with community groups given the power to write statutory planning policies for their areas. Its promoters portray it as a straightforward transfer of power from state to community which prioritises local knowledge and care for place. This book examines the complex realities behind that simple picture and the ways in which communities are simultaneously empowered and constrained by the process. It uses neighbourhood planning as a lens to explore how some things are made to matter in participatory practices and others are marginalised. It deploys a novel analysis, building on theories and approaches drawn from Science and Technology Studies, to understand how community voices achieve legitimacy and become effective or excluded through the selective enactment of different types of knowledge and care. It explores how this approach might be utilised in other sites of participatory democracy, including environmental justice movements, community organising in informal settlements, and participatory rural development. This new perspective opens possibilities for interventions in research and practice that could better deliver on the democratic claims made for participation, and provides lessons for a wide range of participatory practices that promise community empowerment by giving voice to local knowledge and concerns.
Neighbourhoods, identity and legitimacy
Authors: Yuille Andy
Published: January 2024

This chapter turns to the empirical case studies to explore one of the central questions in participatory democracy – in the absence of the formal representative authority bestowed by elections, what legitimises the actions of citizens or groups that make (or are implied to have) some claim to represent others, or to become citizen–state intermediaries? It challenges the framing of neighbourhood planning as a straightforward transfer of power from state to communities in a series of steps. It then advances the proposal that neighbourhood planners achieve their legitimacy by enacting a set of three distinct identity relations with their neighbourhoods. Each of these multiple identities provides access to different knowledge practices and forms of authority, and all are necessary to establish legitimacy. However, they are sometimes contradictory and come into conflict with each other. It concludes by considering whether and how the performance of these identities can be seen in other instances of participatory democracy.