bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A probabilistic seismic hazard assessment of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, Mexico based on historical and instrumentally recorded seismicity
Authors: Bayona Viveros José Antonio , Suárez Reynoso Gerardo , Ordaz Schroeder Mario Gustavo
Published: April 2021

The Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) is an active volcanic chain being deformed by an intra-arc extensional fault network. Although several crustal earthquakes with magnitude>7 have originated in the TMVB since the 16th century, the background seismicity of this geological structure is very low and the region is usually considered of low seismic hazard. In this study, we present an updated probabilistic seismic hazard model of the TMVB. The seismicity catalog used here includes forty-three historically and instrumentally recorded earthquakes, from 1858 to 2014; five of these are large earthquakes that occurred in the TMVB during the XIXth century. Due to the lack of a statically representative sample, we propose, in a qualitative manner, the seismicity catalog is complete for Mâ‰¥4 since 1964 and for Mâ‰¥6 since 1858. Moreover, we introduce three different earthquake frequency-magnitude relations. The first one is a conventional Gutenberg Richter fit of the distribution of the instrumentally recorded earthquakes data. The other two are non-conventional, semi-parametric approaches that integrate the historical and the instrumental data to determine seismicity rates in the region. Our preferred model (seismicity model B) fits separately the instrumental and the historical data and merge the two fits into one curve. A uniform seismic hazard (USH) of the TMVB for a return period of 500 years was calculated considering three major sources of earthquakes: 1) Subduction thrust-faulting events in the Middle American Trench (MAT); 2) Earthquakes within the subducted Cocos plate and, 3) Shallow crustal earthquakes in the TMVB. According to the seismicity model B, the average recurrence time of a Mâ‰¥7 earthqua-ke on the TMVB is approximately 150 years. In contrast, the recurrence time estimated from the instrumental catalog is 12,000 years. The results of this seismicity model, which is based on historical and instrumental data, agrees also with the return periods of prehistoric earthquakes, estimated for short segments of the fault system in the TMVB in paleoseismological studies. When comparing the results of our preferred seismicity model, the PGA estimated using only the instrumental seismicity are 18 to 56% smaller than those predicted by the model using the historical catalog.
High-Resolution Early Earthquake Damage Assessment System for Mexico City Based on a Single-Station
Authors: Ordaz Mario , Reinoso Eduardo , A. Jaimes Miguel , Alcántara Leonardo , Pérez Citlali
Published: April 2021

A high-resolution early earthquake damage assessment system is presented for Mexico City based on real-time computations of seismic spectral intensities at a reference site. To obtain intensities for the entire Mexico Valley, pre-calculated response spectral ratios at soft sites are used. The estimates of seismic intensities (peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity and spectral ordinates for selected structural periods), together with intensity-damage relations for buildings, fatalities and water supply network were used to obtain the spatial distribution of expected damage throughout the city. The process takes approximately 10 minutes with no human intervention. Since the available time to carry out all the computations is short, we have built a representative building and population database that concentrates all the information in a square mesh of 400 • 400 m. Results are sent to an Emergency Center and to decision makers to trigger previously set emergency plans and to provide information before emergency plans are in full operation.
New insight on the recent instrumental seismic activity along the Serghaya fault, Syria
Authors: M. K. Abdul-Wahed , Asfahani J.
Published: April 2021

This study presents detailed observations and analyses based on the recent instrumental seismic activity along the Serghaya fault. The earthquake activity, recorded by short period stations between 1995 and 2009, reveals sig-nificant activity often associated with known surface traces of steps-over along Serghaya fault. Spatial clusters could be related to the fault steps-over; e.g., at Deir el Acheir and Ham. Some clusters have been observed in the Hermel region, and could be related to a probable extension of Serghaya fault in the NE of Lebanon. This seismogenic zone could coincide with the suggested location of linkage from Serghaya fault to the Jhar and Bishri faults. Such evidence completes the findings of previous studies, which have demonstrated that the latest destructive earthquake was located on the Serghaya fault and could be younger than the earthquakes of Yammouneh fault. Therefore, Serghaya fault is, probably, the most plausible source of earthquake hazard in Syria and Lebanon.
Observations of remotely triggered seismicity in Salton Sea and Coso geothermal regions, Southern California, USA, after big (MW>7.8) teleseismic earthquakes
Authors: R. Castro Raúl , Clayton Robert , Hauksson Egill , Stock Joann
Published: April 2021

A relocated catalog was used to search for changes in seismicity rate in the Salton Sea and the Coso geothermal regions, southern California, USA, during and after large (MW>7.8) teleseismic earthquakes. Seismicity in these two regions was analyzed within 30- day windows before and after the occurrence of five major earthquakes: the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska (MW7.9); the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman (MW9.2); the 2010 Central Chile (MW8.8); the 2011 Tohoku-Oki, Japan (MW9.1); and the 2012 Offshore Northern Sumatra (Mw8.6) earthquakes. The Denali (MW7.9) earthquake coincided with an increase in seismicity in the Salton Sea region the day when this remote event occurred, indicating that instantaneous trigge-red seismicity was likely related with the passage of its surface waves. However, in the Coso region the seismicity rate remained approximately constant during the 30-day observation period. The seismicity after the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman (MW9.2) earthquake increased in both regions 9 days after the mega-earthquake. The seismicity after the 2010 Chile (MW8.8) earthquake increased in both regions approximately 14 days after the remote event. The seismicity in Salton Sea and Coso regions increased 17 and 14 days, respectively, after the 2011 Japan (MW9.1) earthquake, suggesting that delayed triggered seismicity was induced after the passage of the surface waves in both regions. Similarly, 6 and 16 days after the 2012 northern Sumatra (MW8.6) earthquake the seismicity also increased in Salton Sea and Coso regions, respectively. These observations can be interpreted as evidence of instantaneous and delayed dynamic triggering induced by large remote earthquakes. The maximum magnitude of the delayed triggered swarm increased with the strength (MW/?) of the mega-earthquake and, the stronger the remote earthquake, the longer the delay time.
Paleomagnetism and Aeromagnetic Survey From Tancitaro Volcano (Central Mexico) - Paleo-Secular Variation at Low Latitudes During the Past 1 Ma
Authors: García-Ruiz Rafael , Goguitchaichvili Avto , Loera Hector-López , Cervantes-Solano Miguel , Urrutia-Fucugauchi Jaime , Morales-Contreras Juan , Maciel-Peña Rafael , Rosas-Elguera José
Published: April 2021

The Tancitaro volcano (TV) is part of the Michoacan-Guanajuato monogenetic volcanic field (MGVF) in the central-western sector of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB). Results of a paleomagnetic study of radiometrically dated lava flows from Tancitaro volcano were used to investigate the paleosecular variation (PSV) and time averaged field (TAF) at low latitudes. Ar-Ar dates range from ~70 to 960 kyr spanning the Brunhes and Matuyama polarity chrons. All samples yielded well defined normal polarity magnetization. Two flows are correlated to the Jaramillo polarity event, which provide a useful marker for the volcanic activity in the MGVF. For the PSV and TAF analysis, paleodirections were combined with previously reported high standard results. The aeromagnetic survey around the Tancitaro volcano was characterized by a trend of regional anomalies over the volcanic structures. The residual field showed several positive and negative anomalies. The Tancitaro volcano is marked by a broad positive anomaly suggesting the presence of a large underground source. Spectral analysis of this anomaly field gives an average estimate to the top of the source bodies between 2-3 km.
A Simplified Method to Invert Slow Slip Events: Examples for the 2002, 2006 and 2014 events in Guerrero, Mexico
Authors: A. Castro Artola Oscar , Iglesias Arturo , Kostoglodov Vladimir , Franco-Sánchez Sara I. , Hjörleifsdóttir Vala , Cabral-Cano Enrique , A. Santoyo Miguel
Published: April 2021

An efficient method to obtain a simple model of the slip distribution on a fault plane was developed from estimates of static offsets from continuous GPS measurements. Transfer functions were computed for the displacement due to a unit force on a fault plane (with a predetermined geometry, subdivided in a den-se grid of subfaults) for all combinations of stations and subfaults, considering a layered media. The forward problem is built as a linear combination of elliptical slip-patches over the fault plane and the transfer functions between each patch and each station. To test the method, the 2002, 2006 and 2014 slow slip events (SSE) were modeled in Guerrero, Mexico, assuming that slip occurred along the subduction interface between the Cocos and North America plates. This subduction fault was modeled as two adjacent planes, both striking 289° for 600 km approximately parallel to the Middle America trench and with a width of 120 km (240 km total width). The shallower plane starts at the trench and dips 14° and the deeper plane is sub-horizontal (2° dip). The merged fault plane is segmented in 120x48, 5x5 km2 subfaults. A pre-calculated set of transfer functions is kept for future slow slip events, so that these only need to be computed for new GPS stations. A strong agreement between observations and synthetic data was found for all analyzed events, and the results are consistent with those reported by previous studies.
Influence of gravity on torsional surface waves in a dissipative medium
Authors: Gupta Asit Kumar , Patra Pulak
Published: April 2021

The present paper deals with the possibilities of propagation of torsional surface waves in a viscoelastic medium under gravity field. During the study it will observe that the increase in gravity parameter will increase the velocity of the wave, the increase in viscoelastic parameter, decrease the velocity of the wave until the product of angular frequency and viscoelastic parameter is less than unity. It also notes that as the velocity increases, the curve becomes asymptotic in nature when the period of oscillation increases. In fact the maximum damping in velocity has been identified at this cut off point which may be considered as the point where a viscoelastic material becomes a viscous medium.The absorption coefficients have also been calculated for different values of the viscoelastic parameter and gravity field.
Determination of Soil Properties from Electrical Measurements in Agricultural Plots, Villa de Arriaga, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
Authors: Cordero Vazquez Christian Yamir , Delgado Rodriguez Omar , Peinado Guevara Héctor Jose , Ladrón de Guevara Torres María de los Angeles , Hernández Ramos Jonathan Ossiel , Peinado Guevara Víctor Manuel
Published: April 2021

The knowledge of agricultural soil properties is crucial for the auspicious selection of crop, irrigation and fertilization types. This study contains the results of the field and laboratory application of electrical measurements used to obtain fines content, porosity, hydraulic conductivity and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in three agricultural plots for the purpose of growing barley. The values of fines content were attained using electrical measurements in laboratory soil samples and Ryjov's algorithm, which is comparable to the calculated values from textural analyses of Bouyoucos. In agricultural plot A, an Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) profile, along with measurements of soil moisture and salinity, show high-resolution outcomes to determine soil properties, these are related to a clear image of soil thickness, as well as the identification of horizons. The Electrical Profiling (EP) survey conducted in the three plots showed higher productivity than the ERT method, resulting in soil properties maps. The plots display A-lowest, B-moderate and C-higher range of CEC values. This result conforms to crop yields per hectare and the fertility analysis carried out on each land plot, which confirms not only the effectiveness of the EP method and Ryjov's algorithm, but also their purpose for the study of agricultural soil properties.
Scarcity in time as inconvenience: The role of dispositional reactance in product evaluation
Authors: Lee Seung Yun , Jung Sunho
Published: April 2021

Advertisements for products and services often contain a scarcity in time appeal to influence consumers. Previous findings indicate that a claim of time scarcity generally has a positive effect on consumers' product evaluation. Participants comprised 100 undergraduate university students
who were given a printout of a fictitious Englishlanguage website of a fashion retailer, in which we manipulated absent versus present scarcity in time. Results show that the positive effect of scarcity in time on product evaluation was moderated by dispositional reactance. Further, this moderating
effect arose from the interpretation of scarcity in time as causing inconvenience. The results indicate that marketers benefit from scarcity in time advertising when consumers' dispositional reactance is low.
Greenwash, moral decoupling, and brand loyalty
Authors: Xiao Zengrui , Wang Ying , Ji Xiaofen , Cai Liling
Published: April 2021

Along with the prevalence of green marketing, greenwash has also grown in the past decade. We investigated whether greenwash undermines consumers' brand loyalty, and how moral decoupling moderates this effect. Data were collected from a survey of 427 consumers, and the hypotheses were
tested by regression analysis. The empirical results show that greenwash had a negative effect on consumers' brand loyalty, the effect of which was stronger at lower levels of moral decoupling. Thus, we recommend that brands eliminate the detrimental greenwash practice and increase the transparency
of their environmental performance, and that governments and environmental organizations enhance consumer education to prevent moral decoupling.
Koreans' attitudes toward China and Chinese people: The effect of direct contact experience
Authors: Lee Jang-Han , Park Mi-Young , Kim Se-Il
Published: April 2021

Although the number of Chinese immigrants moving to South Korea has increased in the past decade Koreans still hold negative attitudes toward China and the Chinese populace. To discover whether this prejudice can be reduced, we examined the effect of direct contact with Chinese people
on Koreans' explicit and implicit attitudes toward China and Chinese people. Participants in our study were 91 Korean university students who were divided into two groups based on their contact experience with people from China. The contact group (n = 43) and the noncontact group (n
= 48) both completed a cultural experience questionnaire, the Explicit Attitude Questionnaire, and the Implicit Association Test. According to the results, the contact group displayed more positive explicit and implicit attitudes toward China and Chinese people than did the noncontact group.
These findings suggest that it may be possible to improve Koreans' perception of China and relations with Chinese people by increasing direct contact experience between the two communities.
Innovation climate, knowledge management, and innovative work behavior in small software companies
Authors: Huang Huaqian , Li Fuda
Published: April 2021

Innovation is of great significance to a company's sustainable development. Using structural equation modeling, we analyzed data from an online survey conducted with 385 employees of software companies in China. We explored the mechanism through which innovation climate helped improve
knowledge management and innovative work behavior in the businesses. The results show that innovation climate had a positive impact on knowledge acquisition, knowledge dissemination, and responsiveness to knowledge, as three dimensions of management of knowledge; and also on idea generation
and idea promotion, as two of three dimensions of innovative work behavior. However, the impact of innovation climate on the dimension of idea realization was nonsignificant. These findings enrich the literature on innovation in regard to work behavior and workplace climate, and highlight
the important impact of innovation climate on knowledge management and innovative work behavior. The cultivation of employees' innovative behavior helps to improve enterprise performance, so enterprise managers will also benefit.
Perceived negative gossip of coworkers: Effect on newcomers' work outcomes during social adjustment
Authors: Xing Mengxi , Xia Yuhuan , Zhao Minchu , Lan Yuanyuan
Published: April 2021

Gossip is prevalent in the workplace, and it has been suggested that it negatively influences targets' affect and behavior. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, in this research our aim was to develop a conceptual model to explore the effects of the perceived gossip of coworkers
on newcomers' work outcomes during their social adjustment to their new workplace via ego depletion, as well as the boundary condition of the effects. On the basis of data collected from 343 newcomers and their matched supervisors, our results reveal that (a) the perceived negative gossip
of coworkers had a negative impact on newcomers' social adjustment and in-role performance through ego depletion, (b) newcomers' political skill weakened this relationship, and (c) the indirect effects of perceived negative gossip of coworkers on newcomers' social adjustment and in-role performance
via ego depletion were also weakened by newcomers' political skill. Our findings provide new directions for comprehensive understanding of the effect of negative workplace gossip on newcomers.
Effects of meaning in life on subjective well-being: The mediating role of self-efficacy
Authors: Wang Xiuchao , Zhang Jiaxi , Wu Shengjun , Xiao Wei , Wang Ziwei , Li Fengzhan , Liu Xufeng , Miao Danmin
Published: April 2021

Previous research has shown that meaning in life is closely related to well-being, a relationship that has been receiving increasing scholarly attention. We explored the mechanism by which people with a high level of meaning in life show enhanced subjective well-being, with a focus
on the mediating role of self-efficacy in this link. Participants in this study were 245 undergraduates at three Chinese universities. Data were collected by using the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and the Meaning
in Life Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling results show that self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between meaning in life and subjective well-being. Moreover, the results of a bootstrapping analysis show there were both indirect and direct significant links between meaning
in life and subjective well-being through self-efficacy. These findings are useful for those working in public health services to enhance the subjective well-being of individuals by addressing their sense of meaninglessness in life and inspiring confidence.
Gestión del cuidado en enfermería desde una reflexión epistemológica
Authors: Silva Muñoz María Antonieta
Published: April 2021

La Gestión del Cuidado se fundamenta en valores universales y conocimientos que emergen de otras ciencias y de la propia disciplina y ciencia de Enfermería, amparado en procesos estratégicos que buscan la calidad, continuidad, integralidad de la atención y bienestar de las personas. Objetivo. Mediante análisis epistemológico del concepto de Gestión del Cuidado de Enfermería, se pretende comprender su origen, como se articula con la disciplina y ciencia Enfermería, dificultades en su aplicación y desafíos pendientes dentro de la disciplina y profesión. El conflicto teórico-práctico sigue siendo para la Ciencia Enfermería una preocupación constante, escenario que se entrelaza con la Gestión del Cuidado. Existen grandes desafíos pendientes para que este constructo se reconozca y valore no sólo por Enfermería, sino también por otras disciplinas para articularse con otras profesiones sanitarias y evidenciar objetivamente los beneficios en la acción de cuidar; posicionamiento crucial que le permitiría estar inmersa en la política pública de salud e ingresar operativamente a los servicios públicos y privados; trabajo que debería emerger conjuntamente desde la actividad gremial, academia, investigación y acción legislativa.
Building consumer trust in online food marketplaces: the role of WeChat marketing
Authors: Tan Si , Chen Weiping
Published: April 2021

Consumer trust receives high attention in food marketplaces, however, little research focuses on how to build consumer trust in the online context. Drawing on signaling theory and presence theory, this paper proposes a comprehensive framework with which to explain the influence mechanism of WeChat food marketing on consumer trust. Utilizing data from 672 consumers in China’s WeChat food marketplaces, this study conducted a partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis. The findings indicate that food seller’s content behavior and interactive behavior on WeChat positively affect consumer trust through the mediating effect of consumer’s perceived information quality and presence. And consumer trust can enhance consumer loyalty. This study extends the research on consumer trust in online food marketplaces. It also provides certain theoretical guidance for food marketers to make better use of WeChat for trust building.
Seawater Salinity Estimating Module Based on the Sound Velocity Measurements
Authors: Tolstosheev A. P. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Sevastopol, Russia, Lunev E. G. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia, Motyzhev S. V. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia, Dykman V. Z. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia
Published: April 2021

Purpose. Reliability of knowledge about the ocean dynamics and climate variability is largely limited for lack of systematic in situ observations of the sea surface layer salinity, which is one of the basic hydrological parameters determining circulation and stratification of the water masses. The study is aimed at developing an autonomous device for long-term monitoring of salinity in the seawater upper layer. Methods and Results. One of the most effective tools for in situ observations of the ocean upper layer is the global network of surface drifting buoys – drifters. At present, the network consists of more than 1500 buoys, but only a few of them provide sea surface salinity observations within the framework of a limited number of pilot experiments. In the drifters, salinity is calculated by the traditional method using the results of the electrical conductivity and temperature measurements. There are a few problems related both to the principle of determining salinity by this method and to providing longterm stable running of conductivity sensors under the conditions of pollution and biological fouling. A drifter equipped with the module for the sound velocity and temperature measurements used for calculating salinity by an alternative method just aboard the drifter, was developed in Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences. The sound velocity and temperature module includes a specially designed time-of-flight sound velocity sensor with the fixed base and a quartz temperature sensor. In course of two years, numerous laboratory and in situ tests of several prototypes of the sound velocity and temperature module were performed. The laboratory tests showed that the repeatability limits for the results of the sound velocity measurements in the distilled water were ± 0.02 m/s. According to the data of the long-term in situ tests performed at intensive biological fouling, the error of salinity estimation resulted from of the sound velocity and temperature measurements were within ± 0.05 ‰. This result permits to expect that the sound velocity and temperature module parameters will remain stable in real conditions of long-term autonomous operation. Conclusions. The obtained results make it possible to recommend application of the drifters equipped with the modules for the sound velocity and temperature measurements as an effective tool for regular operational monitoring of the salinity field of the upper sea layer
Audit committee effectiveness and company performance: Evidence from Egypt
Authors: ElHawary Engy
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of audit committee characteristics (size, independence, experience, gender diversity, and frequency of meetings) on the company’s financial performance (ROA and ROE) in Egypt. In 2016, the Egyptian Stock Exchange announced a new listing requirement for the audit committee members’ characteristics to enhance its effectiveness. Data are gathered from the board of directors (BOD) and annual reports of the EGX 30 index non-financial listed companies in Egypt for the period of 2016–2018. Data is analyzed by using panel data cross-section data analysis and correlation analysis. The findings reveal that the audit committee size has a significant relationship with ROA only and committee members’ experience is significantly related with ROE only. The other characteristics (independence, meetings, and gender diversity) have no impact on ROA and ROE. Such findings contribute to the literature by providing new understandings regarding the audit committee as a key component of corporate governance and its impact on financial performance. It could also guide and improve the boards’ selection of the audit committee members and gives Egyptian regulators a better understanding of the impact of their latest listing requirements on protecting the shareholders’ interests and increasing their confidence through having transparent financial statements.
La importancia de la determinación del HER 2 en el cáncer gástrico avanzado: a propósito de un caso clínico
Authors: Oliveros Wilches Ricardo , Sierra Prieto Jonathan Armando , Bonilla González Carlos , Mesa López de Mesa Jorge Andrés
Published: April 2021

El cáncer gástrico avanzado es una entidad que incluye dos situaciones clínicas distintas: el cáncer gástrico localmente avanzado no resecable y la enfermedad metastásica, cuyo tratamiento estándar es la quimioterapia. La sobreexpresión del receptor 2 del factor de crecimiento epidérmico humano (HER2) se puede presentar en esta enfermedad de un 9 % a un 38 % y ha sido el primer biomarcador predictivo utilizado para el tratamiento dirigido con trastuzumab en pacientes con tumores gástricos y de la región gastroesofágica avanzados. Se presenta en este artículo el caso de un paciente con cáncer gástrico avanzado con HER2 positivo manejado con quimioterapia convencional más trastuzumab como terapia blanco con adecuada respuesta clínica.
Adenoma velloso de esófago en la mucosa ectópica gástrica: reporte de un caso
Authors: Velasquez-Cuasquen Braulio Giovanni , Romo-Romero William Oswaldo , Orozco-Chamorro Claudia Milena , Molano-Narvaez Ángela Gicell , Ordoñez-Ruiz Andrés
Published: April 2021

Introducción: los adenomas vellosos son lesiones del tubo digestivo con tendencia alta a la malignidad. Su ubicación en parches de mucosa gástrica ectópica en el esófago cervical determina una presentación atípica de interés tanto clínico como patológico.

Objetivo: presentar un caso de adenoma velloso en la mucosa gástrica ectópica del esófago cervical.

Métodos: describir el caso de un paciente con diagnóstico de adenoma velloso y realizar una revisión de la literatura disponible hasta el momento.

Resultados: se identificó mediante un estudio histopatológico un adenoma tubulovelloso con displasia de bajo grado, cuya ubicación endoscópica era un parche de mucosa ectópica gástrica en el esófago cervical.

Conclusiones: la ubicación de los adenomas vellosos en el esófago cervical puede predisponer al desarrollo de lesiones neoplásicas. La evaluación detallada de este segmento, con técnicas como la cromoendoscopia digital de alta definición, permiten la detección temprana de estas lesiones y su oportuna intervención.
Enfermedad de Crohn con compromiso extenso y manifestaciones extradigestivas inusuales: a propósito de un caso
Authors: Mosquera-Klinger Gabriel , Yepes Madrid Nathalie , Carvajal Gutiérrez Jhon Jaime
Published: April 2021

La enfermedad de Crohn (EC) es considerada una entidad inmunológicamente mediada que compromete el tracto digestivo. Su compromiso suele ser transmural y puede afectar cualquier parte del tubo digestivo, desde la cavidad oral hasta el ano. Aunque se sabe que su extensión es variable, es poco habitual ver un compromiso extenso y multiorgánico. Se presenta el caso de un paciente joven, quien debutó con síntomas pulmonares asociados con la EC y años más tarde se presentaron los síntomas digestivos y de la vía biliar. El tratamiento se basó en la terapia con anticuerpos contra el factor de necrosis tumoral alfa (TNF-α), con lo cual se obtuvo una respuesta clínica satisfactoria. La relevancia clínica de este caso es la forma de presentación clínica tan florida, tanto por el compromiso gastrointestinal extenso como por las manifestaciones extradigestivas tan infrecuentes.
Vólvulo gástrico en una paciente nonagenaria: intervención endoscópica y laparoscópica. Reporte de caso
Authors: Vargas Rubio Romulo Darío , Ursida Serrano Valentina , Costa Barney Valeria Atenea , Rodríguez Varón Alberto , Ovalle Hernández Alan Felipe
Published: April 2021

El vólvulo gástrico es una entidad rara que puede presentarse de manera aguda o crónica y se acompaña de síntomas inespecíficos. Es fundamental su rápida identificación, ya que tiene alta mortalidad y el tratamiento oportuno de esta patología determina el pronóstico del paciente.

A continuación, presentamos el caso de una paciente femenina de 89 años, que consulta por cuadro clínico de dolor torácico atípico, con documentación en radiografía de tórax de vólvulo gástrico organoaxial, en quien se realiza inicialmente devolvulación endoscópica con éxito. Sin embargo, en las imágenes de control se evidencia recurrencia del vólvulo, por lo cual se realizó manejo quirúrgico con hiatoplastia y funduplicatura tipo Toupet, además de gastrostomía percutánea de fijación, procedimiento realizado sin complicaciones, con los que se logró la devolvulación completa sin recurrencia.
Path towards efficient paediatric formulation development based on partnering with clinical pharmacologists and clinicians, a c4c expert group White paper.
Authors: Walsh Jennifer , Schaufelberger Daniel , Lurian Sonia , Klein Sandra , Batchelor Hannah , Turner Roy , Gizurarson Sveinbjörn , Boltri Luigi , Alessandrini Elisa , Tuleu Catherine
Published: April 2021

Improved global access to novel age-appropriate formulations for
paediatric subsets, either of new chemical entities or existing drugs,
is a priority to ensure that medicines meet the needs of these patients.
However, despite regulatory incentives, the introduction to the market
of paediatric formulations still lags behind adult products. This is
mainly caused by additional complexities associated with the development
of acceptable age-appropriate paediatric medicines. This position paper
proposes the use of a paediatric Quality Target Product Profile (pQTPP)
as an efficient tool to facilitate early planning and decision making
during the children-centric formulation design for new chemical
entities, or to repurpose/reformulate off-patent drugs. Essential key
attributes of a paediatric formulation are suggested and described.
Moreover, greater collaboration between formulation experts and clinical
colleagues, including healthcare professionals, is advocated to lead to
safe and effective, age-appropriate medicinal products. Acceptability
testing should be a secondary endpoint in paediatric clinical trials to
ensure post-marketing adherence is not compromised by a lack of
acceptability. Not knowing the indications and the related age groups
and potential dosing regimens early enough is still a major hurdle for
efficient paediatric formulation development; however the proposed pQTPP
could be a valuable collaborative tool for planning and decision making
to expedite paediatric product development.
Genome-wide patterns of genetic diversity, population structure and demographic history in mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium) grown on indigenous Māori land
Authors: Koot Emily , Arnst Elise , Taane Melissa , Goldsmith Kelsey , Tobias Peri , Dormontt Eleanor , Hancox Tate , Delaporte Kate , Thrimawithana Amali , Reihana Kiri , González-Martínez Santiago C. , Goldsmith Victor , Houliston Gary , Chagné David
Published: April 2021

Leptospermum scoparium J. R. Forst et G. Forst, known as mānuka by
Māori, the indigenous people of Aotearoa (New Zealand), is a culturally
and economically significant shrub species, native to New Zealand and
Australia. Chemical, morphological and phylogenetic studies have
indicated geographical variation of mānuka across its range in New
Zealand, and genetic differentiation between New Zealand and Australia.
We used pooled whole genome re-sequencing of 76 L. scoparium and
outgroup populations from New Zealand and Australia to compile a dataset
totalling ~2.5 million SNPs. We explored the genetic
structure and relatedness of L. scoparium across New Zealand, and
between populations in New Zealand and Australia, as well as the complex
demographic history of this species. Our population genomic
investigation suggests there are five geographically distinct mānuka
gene pools within New Zealand, with evidence of gene flow occurring
between these pools. Demographic modelling suggests three of these gene
pools have undergone expansion events, whilst the evolutionary histories
of the remaining two have been subjected to contractions. Furthermore,
mānuka populations in New Zealand are genetically distinct from
populations in Australia, with coalescent modelling suggesting these two
clades diverged ~9 –12 million years ago. We discuss
the evolutionary history of this species and the benefits of using
pool-seq for such studies. Our research will support the management and
conservation of mānuka by landowners, particularly Māori, and the
development of a provenance story for the branding of mānuka based
products.
Best Practices for Community Policing and Crime Prevention in Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Adult and Non-Formal Education, Faculty of Education, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, A. N. Ugwu , G. A. Nwaogu ,   Department of Educational Management and Business Studies, Faculty of Education, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria, M. A. Oyebamiji ,   Professor of Adult Education & Community Development, Department of Adult and Non-Formal Education, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Published: April 2021

Community engagement lies at the core of policing. Therefore, through collaborative efforts, community and police members address crime and disorder using approaches determined to be best practices for their communities. Today, community policing involves a new philosophy of police operations and management; hosting an accountability system involving the entire organisation. Nevertheless, to be effective in preventing crime, Nigerian police must place renewed emphasis on community engagement and practices. Based on this premise, this paper examines the best practices for community policing and crime prevention in Nigeria. The paper began with an introduction which x-rayed community policing as evolving to meet the new expectations that emerge in the 21st Century. The paper further looked into the philosophical principles of community policing, crime prevention, community policing best practices for Nigeria, organisational changes for implementing community policing best practices for Nigeria, and the expected benefits of community policing to Nigerians. The paper concluded that while the ways of implementing community policing may differ in practice in accordance with certain conditions in the communities, it is imperative to know that the basic philosophical principles of community policing should always be adhered to, if the best practices for community policing is to be achieved in Nigeria.
Importance and planning of pedestrian streets in urban environment
Authors: Mendzina Elizabete , Vugule Kristine
Published: April 2021

An increasing problem in cities is the growth of the number of motorised vehicles making the urban environment unsafe and unattractive and reducing residents’ willingness to walk. The study explores the problems associated with the development of pedestrian-friendly infrastructure in the city. The importance of pedestrian movement in the urban environment was studied and several pedestrian streets in Latvia were analyzed. The method for evaluation of the quality of a pedestrian street was developed based on the summarizing and analysis of the information from the available literature sources. The method includes criteria that make a pedestrian street high-quality and easy-to-use public space that is suitable not only for walking but also as a multifunctional place for various activities. The authors have worked out recommendations for creating a spatial structure and landscape design in urban environment focusing on the necessity to install good quality and sustainable outdoor design elements, to provide environmental accessibility as well as to include pedestrian streets in the city’s overall green infrastructure network, based on both social and environmental aspects. The recommendations provided can be used for the development of design guidelines and as educational material for landscape architects and urban planners
Nagorno-Karabakh in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Nikolic Aleksa
Published: April 2021

The paper analyses the conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia over
Nagorno-Karabakh from the point of view of the jurisprudence of the European
Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) regarding the violation of human rights of the
warring parties directly related to the disputed territory. The European
system of human rights protection is one of the greatest European
achievements in the field of law, especially if we keep in mind that its
judgments are binding on the signatories of the European Convention on Human
Rights and Freedoms (ECHR), thus giving it suprajudicial power. Through the
analysis of two cases, Sargsyan vs Azerbaijan and Chiragov and others vs
Armenia, the Court addressed some very interesting issues that may encourage
different interpretations of the European Convention on Human Rights and
Freedoms (ECHR), but also directly affect the resolution of the
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. In this regard, the analysis of the (non)
existence of the right of the people of Nagorno- Karabakh to
self-determination is especially interesting and significant. The author
concludes that the ECtHR in its judgments has taken certain positions that
may be of great importance in resolving the status of Nagorno-Karabakh
before the international community and international organisations.
Complexity indices for the traveling salesman problem continued
Authors: Cvetkovic Dragos , Drazic Zorica , Kovacevic-Vujcic Vera
Published: April 2021

We consider the symmetric traveling salesman problem (TSP) with instances represented by complete graphs G with distances between cities as edge weights. A complexity index is an invariant of an instance I by which we predict the execution time of an exact TSP algorithm for I. In the paper [5] we have considered some short edge subgraphs of G and defined several new invariants related to their connected components. Extensive computational experiments with instances on 50 vertices with the uniform distribution of integer edge weights in the interval [1,100] show that there exists correlation between the sequences of selected invariants and the sequence of execution times of the well-known TSP Solver Concorde. In this paper we extend these considerations for instances up to 100 vertices.
Once Bitten, Twice Shy: The Effect of Experiencing a Client with an Environmental Accident on Audit Effort
Authors: Shen Hongtao , Wu Huiying , Wu Xiting , You Jiaxing
Published: April 2021

We investigate whether individual auditors increase their audit efforts for other clients after auditing a client with a major environmental accident, using mixed methods. Results from archival and survey data show that (1) auditors work harder, as proxied by abnormal audit fees and audit report lag, after the environmental accident experience, and (2) the effects of environmental accident experience on auditing efforts are (1) moderated by situational factors (industry pollution level and regional environmental regulation) and individual factors (auditor age and position), and (2) mediated by auditor risk awareness. Our further analyses on the influence of Auditing Standard No. 1631, The Consideration of Environmental Matters in the Audit of Financial Statements, show that auditors' knowledge of this standard strengthens the effects of environmental accident experience on audit efforts, although the standard per se has little impact on audit behavior. Together, this study offers a psychological account for audit behavior.
Prior Forecasting Accuracy and Investor Reaction to Management Earnings Forecasts
Authors: Hutton Amy P. , Stocken Phillip C.
Published: April 2021

We examine the properties of firms' forecasting records and whether the accuracy of their prior earnings forecasts affects investor response to their subsequent forecasts.Within the context of a Bayesian model of investor learning, we find that the stock price response to management forecast news is increasing in prior forecast accuracy and also in the length of a firm's forecasting record. Further, we document that investors are more responsive to extreme good and bad news forecasts when a firm has an established forecasting record. Overall, these results suggest that a firm's prior forecasting behavior allows it to establish a forecasting reputation, and that market forces encourage accurate forecasting as firms benefit from having a reputation for forecasting accurately.

Data Availability: Data are available from public sources cited in the text.

JEL Classifications: G19; G39; D89; M40.
Associations of Type 2 Diabetes Onset Age With Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: The Kailuan Study
Authors: Zhao Maoxiang , Song Lulu , Sun Lan , Wang Miao , Wang Chi , Yao Siyu , Li Yao , Yun Cuijuan , Zhang Sijin , Sun Yizhen , Hou Ziwei , Wu Shouling , Xue Hao
Published: April 2021

Objective

We
aimed to explore the associations between type 2 diabetes onset age and cardiovascular
disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in Chinese population.

Research design and methods

This study included 101,080 participants free of prevalent
diabetes and CVD at baseline from the Kailuan study. All participants were
followed biennially until December 31, 2017. A total of 11,384 participants
were diagnosed as type 2 diabetes during follow-up. For each case, one control
was randomly selected matched for age (±1 years) and sex. The final analysis
comprised 10,777 case-control pairs. Weighted Cox regression models were used
to evaluate the average hazard ratios (AHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)
of incident CVD and all-cause mortality among patients with new-onset type 2
diabetes versus controls across age
groups.

Results

During a median follow-up
of 5.57 years, 1794 incident events (907 CVD events, of which were 725 strokes,
and 887 deaths) occurred. After adjustment for potential confounders, participants
with type 2
diabetes diagnosed at age < 45 years had the highest risks of CVD and
all-cause mortality relative to the matched controls, with AHRs of 3.21 (95% CI
1.18–8.72) for CVD, 2.99 (95% CI 1.01–9.17) for stroke, and 4.79 (95% CI
1.95–11.76) for all-cause mortality. The risks gradually attenuated with each
decade increase in type 2 diabetes onset age.

Conclusions

The relative risks of CVD
and all-cause mortality differed across type 2 diabetes onset age groups, and
the associations were more evident in younger-onset type 2 diabetes.
Lack of Neutralization of 10-MDP Primers by Zirconia May Affect the Degree of Conversion of Dual-cure Resin Cement
Authors: De Paula DM , Loguercio AD , Reis A , Sauro S , Alves AH , Picanço PR , Yoshihara K , Feitosa VP
Published: April 2021

Clinical Relevance

Use of zirconia primers with a low pH and a high acidic monomer concentration should be employed in combination with dual-cure resin cements that are less sensitive to an acidic environment. Primers with lower 10-MDP concentrations attain better outcomes.

Objective:

To assess the effects of different concentrations of 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) included in experimental ceramic primers on the degree of conversion (DC) and microshear bond strength (μSBS) of a dual-cure resin cement, and on the acidity neutralization potential of zirconia (ZrO2) in comparison to hydroxyapatite (HAp).

Methods:

Experimental ceramic primers were formulated using 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 20 wt%, or 40 wt% 10-MDP as an acidic functional monomer and camphorquinone (CQ)/amine or 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione (PPD) as a photoinitiator system. Clearfil Ceramic Primer (Kuraray Dental, Tokyo, Japan) was used as the commercial control. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to assess the DC of uncured and light-cured resin cements applied onto primer-treated ZrO2 surfaces. The μSBS and pH of primers were assayed in a universal testing machine and by a digital pH meter (Tec-3MP; Tecnal, Piracicaba, Brazil), respectively. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test (p<0.05).

Results:

DC was not affected until a concentration of 10% 10-MDP in CQ primer and 5% 10-MDP in PPD primer was reached, when compared with the positive control (p>0.05). Groups 10-MDP 5% in CQ and PPD primers showed the highest μSBS compared with the positive control (p>0.05); however, higher concentrations of 10-MDP induced significant DC and μSBS reduction (p<0.05). HAp neutralized 10-MDP primers, but ZrO2 provided higher acidity to the primers’ pH.

Conclusion:

10-MDP monomer should be used in low concentrations in ZrO2 primers to avoid reduction of the polymerization and bond strength of resin cement.