bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial
Authors: Casas García Zulma
Published: September 2024

Control Visible Magazine publishes articles that use data. Public policies formulated from data allow us to renew understanding of the problem of corruption. Data can be qualitative or quantitative, and is highly desirable to be collected with a method. Of course, the data collected is also subject to a renewal of theories that explain corrupt behavior. In this sense, we believe that at some point we must strengthen and frequently update the connection between contrasting theories and hypotheses surrounding corruption. It is for this reason that it is convenient to ask for help from different fields of knowledge in order to broaden our understanding of the problem of corruption. And each of the sciences will contribute its theories, methods, contrast its hypotheses and in this way we will increase the repertoire of solutions to test.
Nuestro desafío es consolidar el control fiscal
Authors: Barón Durán María Anayme
Published: September 2024

In the field of fiscal control, I have held various positions at all levels of the system: as municipal internal control chief, operational director at the General Comptroller's Office of Boyacá, Comptroller and director at the District Comptroller's Office of Bogotá, and at the General Comptroller's Office of the Republic, I provided my specialized professional services as an advisor and auditor in several delegate offices.I am a Certified Public Accountant, Specialist in Public Finance, and Master in Disciplinary Law, with over 23 years of professional experience. This career path has allowed me to understand the fiscal control system in its entirety, having served as a fiscal manager in various roles. Academically, I had the opportunity to materialize this experience and wrote the book titled Comments and Illustrative Guides to the Fiscal Responsibility Processes within the Competence of the Comptroller’s Offices.
CÂNCER COLORRETAL: O CÂNCER ESQUECIDO PELA MÍDIA. UM ESTUDO CLÍNICO-EPIDEMIOLÓGICO REALIZADO EM HOSPITAL TERCIÁRIO – FORTALEZA/CE.
Authors: Carneiro Rios Filipe Herson , De Lima Monteiro Felipe , Da Costa Filho José Orlando , De Sousa Arruda Francisco Osmar , Bezerra de Aragão Raphael Felipe , Holanda da Costa Júnior Fernando
Published: September 2024

INTRODUÇÃO: O câncer colorretal é a malignidade do trato gastrointestinal mais comum e o terceiro tumormaligno mais frequente em todo o mundo. Apesar das melhorias no diagnóstico e tratamento, observa-se um número crescente de casos na população com faixa etária inferior a 50 anos. Considerando uma doença com formas de prevenção primária e secundária, estudar o perfil epidemiológico e clínico entra como ferramenta importante para planejamento em saúde pública. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de um estudo clínico-epidemiológico analítico, transversal e quantitativo, utilizando os prontuários relacionados ao Código Internacional de Doenças (CID-10) C18, C19 e C20, compreendidos entre 2017 e 2021, da enfermaria de Cirurgia Geral do Hospital Geral Dr. César Cals.RESULTADOS: A faixa etária inferior a 50 anos compreende 29 casos de 173 prontuários avaliados. A síndromeconsumptiva foi relatada em 106 casos. A minoria dos paciente foram diagnosticados no rastreamento/assintomáticos.DISCUSSÃO: Um conjunto de fatores de risco como obesidade, sedentarismo, tabagismo e etilismo tenha relaçãocom os casos precoces. Os tumores colorretais foram, em uma parcela considerável, diagnosticados em momentostardios, decorrente da minoria dos paciente estudados terem sido diagnosticados em rastreamento. CONCLUSÃO:O câncer colorretal é um problema de saúde pública. Faz-se necessário ações integradas em saúde que envolvam aampla divulgação na mídia para educação em saúde, o rastreio do câncer colorretal, a captação em tempo oportuno dos pacientes e o tratamento integrado em oncologia.Palavras-chave: Câncer Colorretal, Epidemiologia, Características Clínicas.
Book Review 'The Orchid Project: There Is Still Love’
Authors: Iqbal Dr. Uqbah
Published: September 2024

The stories in this book are written by mental illness fighters, carers and support groups. The events narrated involve sensitive issues such as attempted self-harm, suicide, sexual harassment, bullying and violent acts. If the reader faces problems related to mental illness or is at risk of being affected by knowing this kind of situation, the reader is not advised to read this book and immediately seek the help of mental health professionals such as psychologists, psychiatrists and certified counselors. Mental illness should not be taken lightly and the lack of knowledge or sharing to deal with this problem has led to an increase in many such cases in Malaysia. The issue of mental illness is not a new issue in Malaysia. However, the increase in cases related to mental health is very worrying. The reason for this increase is possible because many people think that mental problems such as stress, depression, extreme anxiety and so on are only temporary and will pass away. Not many people know what treatment can be taken, the therapy that can be used and the importance of strong support from family members, friends and employers in helping mental patients. This book is the result of the experience of patients who faced mental health problems but managed to overcome these challenges and rise again. All writers who are willing to share their stories and life experiences are not something to be ashamed of but rather a bravery and will be a guide and guideline to other patients who have the same problem. This book can inspire anyone who goes through a similar experience.
Some Beneficial Remedies for the Asthma by Abulcasis (c.936-c.1013)
Authors: Arvide Cambra Prof. Luisa Maria
Published: September 2024

The 22nd treatise of the Kitab al-Tasrif (Book of medical arrangement) by the eminent physician and surgeon from Al-Andalus, Abulcasis Al-Zahrawi (c.936.c.1013), is about pneumology, and contains many recipes for beneficial remedies to lung and chest, with reference to preparation way and the diseases that cure. This article includes the translation from Arabic to English of five of these recipes that are beneficial to asthma treatment, although they are also valid for other lung and chest illness. The translation is done taking as basis the 5774th Arabic manuscript of the National Library at Paris, as well as the 502nd Arabic manuscript of the Süleymaniye Umumi Kütüphanesi at Istanbul.
Contemporary Applications of Ancient Greek Drama in the Light of Philosophy
Authors: Lazou Voutou Anna
Published: September 2024

Ancient dramas (tragedies and comedies) by the major representative authors – Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides, as samples of the greatest artistic expressions of human life, bring together the weaknesses and tensions of human actions in relation with the challenges of life at any historical period or geographical and cultural context.
Obedience as Biblical Efficacy for Healing Plagues in Ancient Egypt
Authors: John Omotosho Olabode , Olasunkanmi Aborisade Olatomiwa
Published: September 2024

All forms of pestilences and plagues are revealed in the biblical account to be the resultant effects and pictures of disobedience. As it was in biblical era so it is in contemporary times. Meanwhile, where obedience is highly placed, cherished, and championed, there seems to be sustainable, nurturing, and nourishing environment that could serve as efficacies for healing of all forms of pestilences and plagues in any locality. In this pattern, a critical study of plagues and their healing in ancient Egypt has revealed obedience as biblical efficacy for healing, health, and longevity. This paper adopts the socio-ethical principle of reading with the author and theological hermeneutical method to examine the biblical concept of healing, health, and longevity. Therefore, in order to have a sustainable, nurturing, and nourishing environment that promotes and supports healing, health, and longevity, total of obedience is required of all. The study argued that where dissidence is seen as norm in a society such a society is prone to causative factors of all forms of pestilences and plagues that are enemies of healing, health, and longevity.
Life Skills Education: Equipping Individuals for the Enigmatic World
Authors:   Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Kizhakkethalackal Jyothish John , Deepa Dr. H. ,   Manonmaniam Sundaranar University
Published: September 2024

Traditional academic achievement is no longer the only measure of success in today’s world of fast change. Education in life skills has become an essential part of holistic learning, giving people the tools they need to deal with the challenges of daily living. The debate surrounding integration into existing education systems is addressed, emphasizing the need for fostering active participation and critical thinking. Life skills education, when effectively integrated, empowers individuals to become well-rounded, adaptable and responsible members of society. This article explores the core components of life skills education, encompassing personal, social and citizenship skills. It highlights the many benefits, including improved academic performance, enhanced mental health and increased employability. It also discusses how to integrate life skills programmes into formal education systems successfully and looks at potential strategies for developing these crucial skills.
A New Approach of Adjustment Factor 2023 (NAAF23) for Modified Slope Mass Rating (M-SMR)
Authors:   Geology Program, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, Abd Rahim Ismail , Abraham Mohd Al-Farid ,   Geology Program, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
Published: September 2024

The Modified Slope Mass Rating (M-SMR) system is a SMR-based geomechanical classification system utilized for rock slope characterization in the Crocker Formation. The M-SMR rating is derived from the sum of the basic Rock Mass Rating (RMRb) and an adjustment factor. However, it has been observed that the parallelism correction parameter, F1, within both the M-SMR and SMR systems, can sometimes be overestimated, especially for toppling failures when the discontinuity dip direction (αj) is less than the slope dip direction (αs). This study was conducted on six rock-cut slopes to not only evaluate the production of a convincing F1 value but also to introduce a simplified New Approach of Adjustment Factor 2023 (NAAF23) diagram for the M-SMR. This adjustment factor (F) includes four correction parameters (F1, F2, F3, and F4), similar to those used in SMR, but modifies the calculation approach for F1. The calculation now involves subtracting the higher value from the lower value among the discontinuity dip, slope dip, or intersection line orientations. The symbols A, B, C, and D represent the subtracted values, with A and B used when the discontinuity dip direction is higher than the slope dip direction and vice versa, and C and D used when the intersection line is higher than the slope dip direction and vice versa. For plane failures, A or B becomes the value, while for wedge failures, C and D are used. For toppling failures, the formula is 180 − A or B if A or B is less than 180, and A or B − 180 if A or B is greater than 180, eliminating the need for absolute symbols. A comparison F1 calculation using SMR is also conducted. The results show that F1 values become more convincing when using NAAF23.
Reaching into the future
Authors: Chowdhury Raeed H
Published: September 2024

When carrying out a sequence of movements, humans can plan several steps in advance to make the movement smooth.
Attention-aware with stacked embedding for sentiment analysis of student feedback through deep learning techniques
Authors: Malik Shanza Zafar , Iqbal Khalid , Sharif Muhammad , Shah Yaser Ali , Khalil Amaad , Irfan M. Abeer , Rosak-Szyrocka Joanna
Published: September 2024

Automatic polarity prediction is a challenging assessment issue. Even though polarity assessment is a critical topic with many existing applications, it is probably not an easy challenge and faces several difficulties in natural language processing (NLP). Public polling data can give useful information, and polarity assessment or classification of comments on Twitter and Facebook may be an effective approach for gaining a better understanding of user sentiments. Text embedding techniques and models related to the artificial intelligence field and sub-fields with differing and almost accurate parameters are among the approaches available for assessing student comments. Existing state-of-the-art methodologies for sentiment analysis to analyze student responses were discussed in this study endeavor. An innovative hybrid model is proposed that uses ensemble learning-based text embedding, a multi-head attention mechanism, and a combination of deep learning classifiers. The proposed model outperforms the existing state-of-the-art deep learning-based techniques. The proposed model achieves 95% accuracy, 97% recall, having a precision of 95% with an F1-score of 96% demonstrating its effectiveness in sentiment analysis of student feedback.
INFECCIONES ASOCIADAS A LA ATENCIÓN DE SALUD (IAAS): COMPETENCIAS DE LOS RECURSOS HUMANOS, EN ENTORNO DE PANDEMIA. HOSPITAL SUR DE CHILE 2021-2022
Authors: Riquelme Pia , Rivas Riveros Edith , Reyes Molina Lorenzo , Albarrán Bahamonde Miranda
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención en Salud (IAAS) se consideran un problema de salud pública debido a su frecuencia y a las altas tasas de morbi-mortalidad que ocasionan. Son uno de los mayores problemas para los pacientes, afectando directamente la calidad en la prestación de servicios. OBJETIVO: Develar las competencias de los recursos humanos (conocimientos, actitud y prácticas), en entorno de pandemia frente a las normas de IAAS, en un hospital del sur de Chile. METODOLOGÍA: Se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo, inserto en el paradigma cualitativo, utilizando análisis de teoría fundamentada. Se trabaja con una muestra por conveniencia, constituida por 14 participantes entre enfermeras, médicos, y técnicos en enfermería de nivel superior (TENS) de un hospital del sur de Chile. Se recopiló la información a través de entrevistas en profundidad realizadas vía plataforma online. El análisis consideró codificación abierta, axial y selectiva, se apoyó en el programa Atlas ti y se realizó triangulación por un investigador. RESULTADOS: Existen deficiencias de conocimientos respecto de las normas de IAAS entre los integrantes del equipo de salud, y las capacitaciones son identificadas como superficiales en tiempos de pandemia. La actitud de los funcionarios de salud cambió en pandemia, por miedo al riesgo de contagio, y de transmitir el virus COVID-19. Se observó déficit de elementos de protección personal (EPP) en la primera etapa de la pandemia, lo que produjo inseguridad en los funcionarios. CONCLUSIÓN: Se evidencia diferencia de conocimientos debido a la contingencia por pandemia, lo que afecta directamente en la práctica de las normas de IAAS. Se develó un cambio de actitud, aumentando la adherencia en la utilización de los EPP, debido al miedo e incertidumbre frente a un virus desconocido. Se deben reforzar las capacitaciones, la supervisión, y considerar en la prevención de IAAS, la sobrecarga laboral, el agotamiento físico y psicológico de los funcionarios de salud en pandemia.
USO TERAPÉUTICO DEL CANNABIS: BARRERAS PERCIBIDAS POR ESTUDIANTES DE ENFERMERÍA
Authors: Hernandez Diaz Alejandro , Illesca Pretty Mónica Elizabeth
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN: El Cannabis posee actividad terapéutica, algunas científicamente comprobadas, pero a la vez presenta varias barreras entre ellas sociales, educativas, legales y clínicas. OBJETIVO: develar la opinión que tienen los estudiantes de enfermería en relación a las barreras percibidas respecto al uso terapéutico del cannabis. METODOLOGÍA: investigación cualitativa, descriptiva y exploratoria. La muestra se conformó con 20 sujetos. Para la recogida de datos se utilizó la técnica de grupo focal y el análisis se hizo a través de la reducción de datos. Para la validez se utilizaron criterios de rigor, triangulando, además, por investigadores. El comité ético científico de la institución revisó la dimensión ética. RESULTADOS: Fueron identificados 117 unidades de significado, las que crearon seis categorías de tipo descriptiva: Matices Sociales, Área Investigativa, Clínica, Aspectos legales, Curriculum, Consideraciones éticas; barreras identificadas son: La preocupación social más mencionada es la legalización del uso terapéutico; falta investigación y evidencia; efectos adversos reconocidos como obstáculos; falta de regulación sobre políticas públicas y leyes; sin presencia en curriculum; no hay bases éticas justificadas. CONCLUSIONES: estigmas sociales y políticas legislativas son barreras, falta educación comunitaria, no hay claridad respecto al mercado farmacológico, se reconocen efectos adversos como dificultades, no hay suficiente evidencia clínica y científica, no es visible en curriculum formativo, de lo legal carencia de políticas públicas, aspectos éticos invisibles aún.
AUTOCONCEPTO PROFESIONAL EN EL ESTUDIANTADO DEL PROGRAMA DE POSGRADO EN CIENCIAS DE LA ENFERMERÍA DESDE LOS PATRONES DEL CONOCIMIENTO
Authors: Artavia Flores Yensy Daniela , Rodríguez Conejo Julissa Paola , Vílchez Barboza Vivian
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN: El autoconcepto profesional es un aspecto personal primordial que se relaciona con elementos que intervienen en el desarrollo profesional, destacándose la influencia que tiene en la calidad de los cuidados que brindan las enfermeras y los enfermeros, así como en la proyección de la profesión a la sociedad. OBJETIVO: Describir el autoconcepto de la profesión de enfermería desde el estudiantado del Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias de la Enfermería de la Universidad de Costa Rica en el año 2022, de acuerdo con los patrones de conocimiento en enfermería. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio con diseño fenomenológico, enfoque descriptivo basado en Husserl. Participaron 15 estudiantes activos del Programa de Posgrado en Enfermería, analizado desde los 6 patrones de conocimiento en enfermería; personal, empírico, estético, ético, sociopolítico y emancipatorio. Se analizan los datos en coherencia con Husserl Cumplió con los principios éticos de Ezequiel Emanuel. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN: se realizaron 15 entrevistas a profesionales de enfermería pertenecientes a las maestrías profesionales: Maestría en Enfermería Pediátrica, Maestría en Enfermería Quirúrgica, Maestría en Salud Mental y Psiquiatría, Maestría en Enfermería Ginecológica, Obstétrica y Perinatal y Maestría en Enfermería Oncológica y Hematológica. El análisis se llevó a cabo con apoyo del software ATLAS.ti, se obtuvo un total de 6 categorías, 8 subcategorías y 12 códigos: Patrón empírico: conocimiento adquirido de formación académica, y motivación para posgrado. Patrón estético: comprensión de la respuesta humana. Patrón personal: percepción disciplinar, satisfacción laboral, influencia en el desempeño. Patrón ético: valores y cualidades involucradas en el ejercicio laboral. Patrón sociopolítico: importancia de las leyes y políticas relacionadas a enfermería. Patrón emancipatorio: decisiones y empoderamiento laboral. CONCLUSIÓN: Se describe el autoconcepto profesional desde el patrón empírico: importancia de la formación académica para el ejercicio laboral, según las experiencias de cada profesional y la utilización de los conocimientos en sus espacios de trabajo; desde el patrón estético: interpretación de la respuesta humana, el ambiente laboral y las relaciones con los compañeros de trabajo; desde el patrón personal: percepción positiva de la disciplina, la satisfacción personal según el entorno y las condiciones de trabajo y las implicaciones del desempeño laboral en la calidad de la atención brindada; desde el patrón ético: valores y las cualidades que orientan las acciones profesionales; desde el patrón sociopolítico: proyección de poca seguridad y de insatisfacción en relación a las leyes y políticas relacionadas a la disciplina; desde el patrón emancipatorio: autonomía, seguridad y convivencia con los demás, y el conocimiento relacionado a la sensación de empoderamiento.
LIFESTYLE AND HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG MEXICAN ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Manrique-Hernández Cristian , Hernández-Espinoza Xóchitl , Hernández-Mariano José Ángel , Cano-Estrada Edith Araceli , Castañeda-Márquez Ana Cristina
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN. La tensión arterial (TA) alta es un importante factor de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular. La relación entre el estilo de vida con la TA en población adulta ha sido ampliamente estudiada; no obstante, la evidencia en adolescentes continúa siendo escasa. OBJETIVO. Evaluar la asociación entre el estilo de vida con la presencia de TA alta en adolescentes mexicanos. MÉTODOS. Estudio transversal analítico en una muestra de 200 adolescentes de 15 a 19 años. El estilo de vida se determinó con el cuestionario PEPS-I conformado por seis factores: nutrición, ejercicio, responsabilidad en salud, manejo del estrés, soporte interpersonal y autoactualización. Asimismo, se obtuvo información sobre el consumo regular de tabaco, alcohol y café. La TA sistólica y diastólica se midieron por duplicado considerándose como TA alta cuando el promedio de alguna fue ≥ percentil 95. La asociación de interés se evalúo con modelos de regresión logística. RESULTADOS. Los adolescentes con estilo de vida no saludable de forma global y en los factores manejo del estrés y apoyo interpersonal tuvieron mayores posibilidades de presentar TA elevada en comparación con aquellos con un estilo de vida saludable. Asociaciones similares se observaron en aquellos adolescentes que consumían regularmente tabaco, alcohol y café. CONCLUSIONES. El estilo de vida no saludable tanto a nivel global como en varios de sus factores se asoció con la presencia de TA alta en adolescentes mexicanos. Se recomienda la promoción de estilos de estiva saludables y el control de la TA desde etapas tempranas de la vida.
RELEVANCIA DE LOS DATOS PARA LA VIGILANCIA EPIDEMIOLÓGICA EN LA ERA DE LAS NUEVAS TECNOLOGÍAS
Authors: Taramasco Toro Carla , Rimassa Vásquez Carla , Lagos Garrido María Elena , Figueroa Iturrieta Rosa
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN: La vigilancia epidemiológica de las enfermedades transmisibles es una función esencial de salud pública. Eventos de emergencia como una pandemia requieren respuestas rápidas, siendo clave contar con información confiable, oportuna y actualizada para que las autoridades tomen decisiones. OBJETIVO: Reflexionar sobre la relevancia de los datos en la vigilancia epidemiológica, a partir de una herramienta tecnológica, el sistema nacional de vigilancia de enfermedades de declaración obligatoria chileno, Epivigila. DESARROLLO: Durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 se generaron diversas estrategias, cobrando relevancia las herramientas tecnológicas, entre ellas, Epivigila, que se convirtió en el sistema de vigilancia nacional, debutando a los pocos días del caso cero chileno, reemplazando al sistema manual. El dato es el punto de inicio de la vigilancia, siendo producto de un proceso continuo de recolección desde diversas fuentes, cuya calidad debe responder a atributos de integridad, consistencia, uniformidad y confiabilidad. La forma en que se recolecta el dato es importante, distinguiéndose diferencias en la información proporcionada a través de un procedimiento manual o digital. CONCLUSIÓN: Los sistemas tecnológicos utilizados para la vigilancia epidemiológica son un logro del trabajo mancomunado de múltiples disciplinas, lo cual realza cuán fundamental es el trabajo interdisciplinario. La información segura, rápida, actualizada, oportuna y fidedigna es fundamental para que las autoridades adopten las medidas de control.
Examining the Intersection of Agricultural Production, Farm Revenue, Gender Dynamics and Adaptation Strategies in the Face of Climate Change
Authors: Murugesan Sneha , B Swaminathan
Published: September 2024

In recent times the context of climate change has become a complex and multifaceted issue as it affects agricultural production by altering weather patterns and by shifting the growing seasons of the crops, increasing pest and disease prevalence, thus reducing the yield, affecting the quality of the produce and threatening the food security in both the global and regional level. The farm revenues fluctuate significantly due to the unpredictable yields and the increased costs associated with the adaptation measures. Greater financial instability due to the changing climate scenario is faced by small and marginal farmers, as it affects market dynamics, potentially leading to price volatility. It also exacerbates the existing gender inequalities in agriculture by making them more vulnerable to the challenges of adopting climate-resilient practices, access to resources, education and decision-making opportunities which can hinder their ability to adapt to climate change. Thus the intersection of crop production, farm revenue and gender disparity under climate change highlights the need for integrated approaches to address the impacts of climate change.
Impact of Bio Inoculant and Phosphorus Application on Chickpea to Improve Yield and Profitability
Authors: Prajapati Jagdeesh , Tyagi P. K., , Dixit B. K. , Shukla K. C., , Singh Umesh , Sharma Abhishek
Published: September 2024

A Field experiment was conducted at JNKVV, Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh) during Rabi 2019-20 to assess the effect of basal and foliar application of phosphorus and PSB inoculation on growth and yield of chickpea. The experiment was laid out in Randomized block design with three replications. Among the Treatments, 50 kg P2O5 + PSB + 2% DAP foliar spray resulted in significant enhancement in all the yield attributing parameters (except seeds pod-1), grain yield (2238 kg ha-1), straw yield (3620 kg ha-1) as well as harvest index (38.2%) over the other treatments. The highest net income of Rs 82967 ha-1 with 2.55 B:C ratio was also obtained from this treatment followed by treatment 25 kg P2O5 +PSB + 2% DAP spray before flowering stage Rs 78510 ha-1 with 2.52 B:C ratio and 50 kg P2O5 + 2% DAP spray before flowering stage Rs 75230 ha-1 with 2.32 B:C ratio. The net income decreased with the decrease in P levels with each of the PSB and 2% DAP spray.
Association Between GSTP1 (rs1695) Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection in Women from Southern Brazil: A Case-control Study
Authors: Nascimento Marcieli Borba do , Treco Indianara Carlotto , Lazarotto Angela Khetly , Pascotto Claudicéia Risso , Treco Fernando Rodrigo , Lucio Léia Carolina
Published: September 2024

Background: Polymorphic variations in enzyme genes involved in the detoxification of oxidative stress products such as glutatations have been associated with cervical carcinogenesis. However, little is known about how to affect human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, a key factor in neoplasia.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the possible association between the GSTP1 (rs1695) polymorphism and susceptibility to HPV infection in women treated by the public health system in Southwest Paraná, Brazil.
Methodology: We conducted a case-control study involving 140 women, of which 39 were infected with HPV and 101 were not. Cases and controls were selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, all participants had the inclusion criteria of having had their first sexual intercourse, excluding pregnant women. The GSTP1 (rs1695) polymorphism was detected using the Tetra Amplification Refractory Mutation System (T-ARMS), a method that allows for precise identification of genetic variations. This study is the first in Southern Brazil to explore the association between rs1695 and susceptibility to HPV infection.
Results: The analysis revealed a significant difference between the variants. The A allele (Ile) was protective against HPV infection, both alone (OR: 0.175; 95% CI 0.071-0.434; P < 0.001) and in homozygosity (OR: 0.237; 95% CI 0.091-0.616; P < 0.003). Conversely, the G (Val) allele was identified as a risk factor for HPV infection (OR: 4.22; 95% CI 1.623-10.989; P < 0.003), increasing the risk by approximately four times. In heterozygosity (AG), the risk of viral infection was even higher (OR: 5.714; 95% CI 2.303-14.180; P < 0.001). The total number of participants analyzed for each allele was 138, adding robustness to these findings.
Conclusion: Our findings showed that the G allele and the AG genotype are specific for the risk of HPV infection in the study population.
Studies on Relative Abundance and Diversity of Insect Fauna in Cotton in Rajendranagar, Telangana, India
Authors: Akhilandeshwari D. , Sri I. Aruna , Rao V.V. , Gowda M.A. Prajwal , Madhavi M.
Published: September 2024

The accurate documentation of insects is crucial for studying biodiversity and population dynamics. Given the resilience of the majority of insect species, proper sampling necessitates the utilization of suitable strategies for capturing specific insects. However, the diversity and types of insect species present in major crops cultivated in Rajendranagar remain poorly understood. Consequently, a comprehensive investigation of the diversity of different insect species in cotton crop was conducted during the period from September 2021 to February 2022 at College Farm. A total of 10,233 individuals from 47 families and 10 orders were documented. Among the orders, Hemiptera recorded the highest number of 4,256 individuals followed by Coleoptera (2,567), while the minimum number of individuals was observed in the order Neuroptera (12). Notably, the order Hemiptera exhibited the highest Shannon-Weiner index value (H = 1.78) and species richness (R = 0.963). However, evenness was found to be highest in Orthoptera (e = 0.826). Furthermore, the order Hemiptera displayed the highest relative abundance (RA) with a value of 41.59%, whereas Neuroptera exhibited the lowest relative abundance with a value of 0.12%.
Utilization Patterns of Milk and Milk Products among Various End Users in Karnataka, India: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Rebasiddanavar Revappa M. , Relekar Swati Prakash , Mallikarjun Doni Megha , Vajramma Boggala , Purada Sushma
Published: September 2024

The utilization patterns of milk and milk products in Karnataka were investigated through a study of 100 farmers and 50 consumers. The focus was on how milk was retained, consumed and transformed into various products. It was found that significant variation existed in milk production and consumption across different herd sizes. Small, medium, and large farmers were reported to produce an average of 33.80, 45.18 and 66.26 liters of milk per day, respectively, with family consumption accounting for 19.23 per cent, 17.37 per cent and 15.84 per cent of their production. Larger herds were associated with increased milk production, which allowed for a greater surplus to be sold. Utilization patterns showed that small farmers retained 6.5 liters of milk daily, consuming 32.94 per cent as liquid milk and converting 64.23 per cent into curd, with minimal ghee production. In contrast, large farmers retained 10.5 liters daily, consuming 43.80 per cent as liquid milk and converting 53.12 per cent into curd. This indicated a trend towards higher liquid milk consumption and varying product transformation depending on herd size. Consumer data indicated that rural households spent an average of ₹141.18 on 2.41 kg of milk products daily, while urban households spent ₹142.10 on 2.25 kg. Despite higher costs, urban consumers spent more on liquid milk, whereas rural consumers allocated more to curd and ghee. These findings reflected regional price differences and consumption preferences. Overall, the study highlighted the complex dynamics of milk utilization, with varying consumption patterns and product transformations observed across different farmer categories and consumer demographics. This information was deemed crucial for optimizing milk production and distribution strategies in Karnataka.
Highly Ordered Pyrene π‐Stacks on an RNA Duplex
Authors: Nakamura Mitsunobu , Takada Tadao , Yamana Kazushige
Published: December 2015

The syntheses of 2′‐O‐(pyren‐1‐ylmethyl)uridine phosphoramidite, 2′‐O‐(pyren‐1‐ylmethyl)adenosine phosphoramidite, and multiple pyrene‐attached oligo‐RNAs are described in this unit. The 2′‐O‐(pyren‐1‐ylmethyl)nucleosides are converted into the corresponding 2′‐O‐(pyren‐1‐ylmethyl)nucleoside 3′‐phosphoramidites, which can be incorporated into the specific position of oligo‐RNAs by solid‐phase oligonucleotide synthesis. The multiple pyrene‐attached oligo‐RNA forms an A‐form duplex with a complementary multiple pyrene‐attached oligo‐RNA; the pyrenes are associated with π‐stacking along the outside of the duplex. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Calorimetry of Nucleic Acids
Authors: Rozners Eriks , Pilch Daniel S. , Egli Martin
Published: December 2015

This unit describes the application of calorimetry to characterize the thermodynamics of nucleic acids, specifically, the two major calorimetric methodologies that are currently employed: differential scanning (DSC) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). DSC is used to study thermally induced order‐disorder transitions in nucleic acids. A DSC instrument measures, as a function of temperature (T), the excess heat capacity of a nucleic acid solution relative to the same amount of buffer solution. From a single curve of versus T, one can derive the following information: the transition enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS), free energy (ΔG), and heat capacity (ΔCp); the state of the transition (two‐state versus multistate); and the average size of the molecule that melts as a single thermodynamic entity (e.g., the duplex). ITC is used to study the hybridization of nucleic acid molecules at constant temperature. In an ITC experiment, small aliquots of a titrant nucleic acid solution (strand 1) are added to an analyte nucleic acid solution (strand 2), and the released heat is monitored. ITC yields the stoichiometry of the association reaction (n), the enthalpy of association (ΔH), the equilibrium association constant (K), and thus the free energy of association (ΔG). Once ΔH and ΔG are known, ΔS can also be derived. Repetition of the ITC experiment at a number of different temperatures yields the ΔC
p for the association reaction from the temperature dependence of ΔH. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fractionation of Subcellular Organelles
Authors: Graham John M.
Published: December 2015

This unit provides both a theoretical and a practical background to all the techniques associated with the application of differential and density gradient centrifugation for the analysis of subcellular membranes. The density gradient information focuses on the use of the modern gradient solute iodixanol, chosen for its ease of use, versatility, and compatibility with biological particles. Its use in both pre‐formed discontinuous and continuous gradients and in self‐generated gradients is discussed. Considerable emphasis is given to selection of the appropriate centrifuge rotors and tubes and their influence on the methods used for creation, fractionation, and analysis of density gradients. Without proper consideration of these critical ancillary procedures, the resolving power of the gradient can be easily compromised. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optimized Heart Sampling and Systematic Evaluation of Cardiac Therapies in Mouse Models of Ischemic Injury: Assessment of Cardiac Remodeling and Semi‐Automated Quantification of Myocardial Infarct Size
Authors: Valente Mariana , Araújo Ana , Esteves Tiago , Laundos Tiago L. , Freire Ana G. , Quelhas Pedro , Pinto‐do‐Ó Perpétua , Nascimento Diana S.
Published: December 2015

Cardiac therapies are commonly tested preclinically in small‐animal models of myocardial infarction. Following functional evaluation, post‐mortem histological analysis is essential to assess morphological and molecular alterations underlying the effectiveness of treatment. However, non‐methodical and inadequate sampling of the left ventricle often leads to misinterpretations and variability, making direct study comparisons unreliable. Protocols are provided for representative sampling of the ischemic mouse heart followed by morphometric analysis of the left ventricle. Extending the use of this sampling to other types of in situ analysis is also illustrated through the assessment of neovascularization and cellular engraftment in a cell‐based therapy setting. This is of interest to the general cardiovascular research community as it details methods for standardization and simplification of histo‐morphometric evaluation of emergent heart therapies. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Group Decision‐Making
Authors: Pavitt Charles
Published: December 2015

From the most formal organizational settings to the most informal friendship circles, decisions are often made by groups of people. Communication among these people is an integral part of the decision‐making process, and is often thought to perform a critical role in the quality of the final decision. Interpersonal communication scholars have studied such topics as the content and sequence of group communication, whether and how communication relates to group decision quality, and how communication impacts on individual group members’ decision preferences.
Group Information Sharing
Authors: Van Swol Lyn M. , Kolb Miranda
Published: December 2015

Group members usually mention and focus more on information members share in common before the discussion than information that only one member knows before the discussion. Shared information is more influential because it influences all members’ initial opinions and because other members can validate it. Research has found that the focus on shared information can be reduced. Higher status members, like leaders, often mention more unshared information, as do members designated as advisors to the group. Groups in which members are aware of each other's specialized knowledge discuss more unshared information, and longer group discussions elicit more unshared information.
Models of Relationship Disengagement
Authors: Duck Steve
Published: December 2015

This entry reviews known problems with models of relationship disengagement that were based on out‐of‐date methods and assumptions that reflected contemporary circumstances. They are no longer applicable to relationships in the modern world of social media, increasing gender equality, and changing views of morality. Nowadays, such classic works, therefore, prove unreliable and uninformative, yet are often cited in modern work. Cautioning researchers about the inherent risks of accepting such approaches as truly applicable in today's environment for relationships, the entry offers suggestions for entirely new styles of approach.
Sequential Request Strategies
Authors: Boster Franklin J.
Published: December 2015

Compliance gaining studies examine techniques that produce behavioral conformity without exerting substantial pressure on the target and without necessarily persuading the target. These techniques can be classified as either sequential or nonsequential request strategies. Sequential request strategies are those requests that involve messages transmitted at multiple stages in the compliance process, and are reviewed in this entry. They include the foot‐in‐the‐door technique, the door‐in‐the‐face technique, the that's‐not‐all technique, the disrupt‐then‐reframe technique, and lowballing. There is evidence consistent with the effectiveness of each of these techniques, although the effects are generally contingent and the causal mechanisms producing them are not well known.
Structuration Theory
Authors: Haslett Beth Bonniwell
Published: December 2015

Anthony Giddens is one of the world's foremost social theorists whose work has influenced a wide range of disciplines. Giddens's structuration theory dissolves the differentiation of structure and agency, and through his concept of the duality of structure, social interaction enacts the structural resources of signification, domination, and legitimation. As such, Giddens argues that structural properties of social systems are both the medium and outcome of social practices. Other significant concepts include distanciation, time–space relations, time–space edges, sociohistoricity, and globalization. Various communication scholars have relied on his work to propose models of communication, such as structurational interaction and adaptive structuration theory, and discussed the implications of structuration in organizational identity, policy knowledge, virtual communication, and other issues.
Physical/Social Attraction
Authors: Horan Sean M.
Published: December 2015

Perceptions of physical and social attractiveness are developed based on verbal and nonverbal messages. A person who is highly physically desirable is described as having a high level of physical attractiveness whereas someone with whom a communicator desires a relationship with is described as having a high level of social attractiveness. Reliable predictors of attractiveness include facial symmetry, similarity, propinquity, and the perception of mutual attraction. Evolutionary theory proposes that men and women desire different attributes in mates, resulting in differential mate values that can influence communication. Importantly, assessments of attractiveness are rapidly formed during initial interactions (e.g., thin‐slicing) and communicators’ pupils dilate when facing someone they find attractive. Given the rapidly evolving nature of technology, future research should examine its role in forming perceptions of attractiveness.
Dialectical Tensions in Relationships
Authors: Baxter Leslie A. , Scharp Kristina M.
Published: December 2015

Dialectical tensions, also known as contradictions or discursive struggles, are oppositions that affect or constitute relating. Two broad approaches can be identified in the dialectical research; the first approach conceives of dialectical tensions as conditions, needs, or goals that are situated outside of communication and that are managed through communication, whereas the second approach envisions dialectical tensions as competing systems of meaning constituted in communication and the process through which meanings are made.
Relational Turning Points
Authors: Baxter Leslie A. , Buchanan Lauren‐Ashley
Published: December 2015

Turning points are moments of major change or transformation in a relationship with respect to some feature, generally commitment. Researchers have examined types of turning points, the valence of turning points, trajectories that link turning points into patterned change, partner agreement on turning point identification, and subsequent communication about turning point events. Turning points have been studied in a variety of relationship types, including romantic pairs, friendships, ex‐spouses, and stepfamilies, among others.
Conflict Avoidance
Authors: Roloff Michael E. , Liu Esther
Published: December 2015

Although individuals frequently encounter provoking behaviors, they do not always confront the perpetrator and, when they do, they sometimes try to prevent the confrontation from escalating into a serious conflict. This entry illustrates how scholars describe the nature of conflict avoidance and what research shows as to the effects of conflict avoidance on conflict resolution, individual well‐being, and relationships.
Workplace Friendships
Authors: Sias Patricia M.
Published: December 2015

Workplace friendships are voluntary and personalistic relationships that serve important functions, and provide important advantages to the relationship partners. Research addresses the role of communication in development, maintenance, and deterioration of workplace friendships, as well as the positive and negative outcomes of workplace friendship for the friends and the unit and organization in which the friendship exists.
Ethno‐Political Conflict
Authors: Ellis Donald G.
Published: December 2015

Ethno‐political conflict is explained as an intergroup conflict that distorts communication and perceptions between the groups. Ethno‐political conflicts categorize and foreground ethnic and religious differences and thus alter the perceptions of the other side. These conflicts are intractable and particularly resistant to resolution as a result of cognitive and informational biases as well as communication distortions. This entry notes the history of intergroup relations, the individual versus intergroup levels of perception, as well as the research tradition associated with ethno‐political conflicts.
Message Design Logics
Authors: Caughlin John P.
Published: December 2015

Message design logics are the principles that individuals use to generate and interpret messages. The key insight of the message design logics model is that there are three distinct sets of logics. The distinct logics are evident when a situation is complex enough that different people communicate in markedly different ways. The expressive design logic values the clear expression of a person's thoughts and feelings. The conventional design logic conceptualizes communication as a game with fixed rules for successful communication. The rhetorical design logic views communication as a means by which the social situation and identities can be renegotiated. In general, the rhetorical design logic is the most sophisticated, the conventional design logic is moderate in sophistication, and the expressive design logic is the least sophisticated.
Models of Relationship Development
Authors: Fox Jesse
Published: December 2015

Several factors predict relationship development, including physical attractiveness, similarity, proximity, and complementarity. Given this variety of factors, several theories and models have been proposed to predict how relationships evolve, including filter theory, social exchange theories, resource theory, equity theory, interdependence theory, social penetration theory, uncertainty reduction theory, predicted outcome value theory, uncertainty management theory, anxiety and uncertainty management theory, Knapp's relational stage model, relational dialectics, turning points, stimulus‐value‐role theory, the premarital dyadic formation model, and the hyperpersonal model. Despite extensive theorizing, there are many venues for future research in this area, including empirical testing of understudied models; testing competing hypotheses presented by contrasting models; and expanding research to consider understudied relationship types such as cross‐generational friendships or gay and lesbian romantic relationships. With the growing use of mediated communication in relationships, another necessary pursuit is re‐examining the viability of models and theories considering features and affordances of communication technologies.