bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of total knee replacement using deep learning analysis of knee MRI
Authors: Rajamohan Haresh Rengaraj , Wang Tianyu , Leung Kevin , Chang Gregory , Cho Kyunghyun , Kijowski Richard , Deniz Cem M.
Published: April 2023

Current methods for assessing knee osteoarthritis (OA) do not provide comprehensive information to make robust and accurate outcome predictions. Deep learning (DL) risk assessment models were developed to predict the progression of knee OA to total knee replacement (TKR) over a 108-month follow-up period using baseline knee MRI. Participants of our retrospective study consisted of 353 case–control pairs of subjects from the Osteoarthritis Initiative with and without TKR over a 108-month follow-up period matched according to age, sex, ethnicity, and body mass index. A traditional risk assessment model was created to predict TKR using baseline clinical risk factors. DL models were created to predict TKR using baseline knee radiographs and MRI. All DL models had significantly higher (p < 0.001) AUCs than the traditional model. The MRI and radiograph ensemble model and MRI ensemble model (where TKR risk predicted by several contrast-specific DL models were averaged to get the ensemble TKR risk prediction) had the highest AUCs of 0.90 (80% sensitivity and 85% specificity) and 0.89 (79% sensitivity and 86% specificity), respectively, which were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the AUCs of the radiograph and multiple MRI models (where the DL models were trained to predict TKR risk using single contrast or 2 contrasts together as input). DL models using baseline MRI had a higher diagnostic performance for predicting TKR than a traditional model using baseline clinical risk factors and a DL model using baseline knee radiographs.
Structural optimisation for controlled deflections of additively manufactured single material beams
Authors: Yang Wuxin , Behera Malaya Prasad , Lv Yifan , Huang Loulin , Singamneni Sarat
Published: April 2023

Closely controlling the mechanical behaviour and characterization of the deflection of a beam structure is a well-known and widely studied engineering problem. The progress in additive manufacturing methods and the possibilities to closely control the material property variations with the controlled placement of materials further widen the opportunities to achieve given beam deflection criteria. The multi-material additive manufacturing solutions suffer from the lack of real engineering material options, and the quality and performance of the printed parts are usually unsuitable for producing functional parts. A novel cellular structured solution is proposed here, which utilises optimisation of geometries of individual cells of a single material structured beam to obtain deflection profiles closely matched with preset conditions under different loading conditions. The cellular geometry of the structured beam is continually altered for searching and converging on the optimal structure of the cells by the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy algorithm in an iterative manner. The optimised beam structures could also be physically produced with single material additive manufacturing methods and the experimental and numerical beam deflection responses correlated closely.
Prognosis value and positive association of Rab1A/IL4Rα aberrant expression in gastric cancer
Authors: Li Haoran , Cheng Zhengwu , Jiang Bin , Shao Xinyu , Xu Menglin
Published: April 2023

Gastric cancer (GC) is the most common gastrointestinal cancer and the leading cause of worldwide cancer-associated mortality. Several GC patients are diagnosed at the advanced stage with an unsatisfactory 5-year survival rate. Rab1A was significantly associated with IL4Rα expression in non-small cell lung cancer. However, their potential correlation in expression and prognosis remains largely unknown in GC. In this study, Rab1A/IL-4Rα was significantly increased in GC than in para-cancerous tissues, and Rab1A/IL-4Rα overexpression caused poor prognosis among GC patients. Rab1A expression was significantly correlated with IL-4Rα expression in GC tissues, as determined by IHC analysis. In addition, the mRNA expression of Rab1A was closely linked with the IL-4Rα mRNA expression in GC tissue expressed by qPCR. Furthermore, the Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that the group with negative Rab1A and IL-4Rα expression had longer 5-year survival rates than the other group. Besides, the group with positive Rab1A and IL-4Rα expression had a worse prognosis than the other group. Finally, nomograms revealed the overall 3 and 5-year survival determined crucial roles of Rab1A/IL-4Rα expression in predicting the prognosis of GC patients. Therefore, Rab1A/IL-4Rα is vital in GC, providing a novel perspective on targeted GC therapy.
Impact of infection-related admission in patients with heart failure: a 10 years national cohort study
Authors: Chen Chao-Yu , Lee Cheng-Han , Lin Hui-Wen , Lin Sheng-Hsiang , Li Yi-Heng
Published: April 2023

Infection is a common cause of hospitalization in patients with heart failure (HF). The impact of infection on long term cardiovascular outcome in HF is not well studied. The aim of this study was to compare the long term risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in HF patients with or without prior hospitalization for infection. From 2009 to 2015, 310,485 patients with their first HF admissions were enrolled from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Among the patients, those with readmission due to infection within one year after HF discharge were defined as infection group and those without any infection admission were controls. The propensity score matching method was used to balance covariates between the two groups. Patients were followed until the occurrence of any component of the MACE or the end date of the study, December 31, 2019. In a mean follow-up time of 4.29 ± 2.92 years, 86.19% of patients in the infection group and 63.63% of patients in the control group had MACE. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed the infection group had a higher risk of MACE (HR 1.760, 95% CI 1.714–1.807), including all-cause mortality (HR 1.587, 95% CI 1.540–1.636), myocardial infarction (HR 1.332, 95% CI 1.224–1.450), stroke (HR 1.769, 95% CI 1.664–1.882) and hospitalization for HF (HR 1.993, 95% CI 1.922–2.066). In conclusion, many HF patients discharged from the hospital experienced acute infection that required readmission. The patients had worse cardiovascular outcome after readmission for infectious disease compared to those without any infection.
Electric field-induced interfacial instability in a ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal
Authors: Máthé Marcell Tibor , Farkas Bendegúz , Péter László , Buka Ágnes , Jákli Antal , Salamon Péter
Published: April 2023

Studies of sessile droplets and fluid bridges of a ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal in externally applied electric fields are presented. It is found that above a threshold, the interface of the fluid with air undergoes a fingering instability or ramification, resembling to Rayleigh-type instability observed in charged droplets in electric fields or circular drop-type instabilities observed in ferromagnetic liquids in magnetic field. The frequency dependence of the threshold voltage was determined in various geometries. The nematic director and ferroelectric polarization direction was found to point along the tip of the fingers that appear to repel each other, indicating that the ferroelectric polarization is essentially parallel to the director. The results are interpreted in connection to the Rayleigh and circular drop-type instabilities.
Ce(ΙΙΙ) and La(ΙΙΙ) ions adsorption through Amberlite XAD-7 resin impregnated via CYANEX-272 extractant
Authors: Yarahmadi Azadeh , Khani Mohammad Hassan , Nasiri Zarandi Masoud , amini Younes
Published: April 2023

The goal of this paper is to investigate the ability of Amberlite XAD-7 (AXAD-7) resin impregnated with CYANEX-272 (di-2,4,4-trimethylpentyl phosphonic acid) to remove cerium (Ce(ΙΙΙ)) and lanthanum (La(ΙΙΙ)) ions from aqueous solutions in the batch scheme. The prepared adsorbent material was determined utilizing FTIR, SEM–EDX, and BET methods. The impact of three individual process variable factors involving feed solution pH (2–6), adsorbent dose (0.05–0.65), and process temperature (15–55 °C) on the simultaneous removal of Ce(ΙΙΙ) and La(ΙΙΙ) ions was evaluated via response surface methodology (RSM) according to the central composite design (CCD). The modeling of Ce(ΙΙΙ) and La(ΙΙΙ) ions adsorption was performed using the quadratic model and was evaluated using a coefficient of determination for both ions. The optimization data revealed that the adsorption amount of Ce(ΙΙΙ) and La(ΙΙΙ) ions removal under optimal conditions were 99.75% and 69.98%, respectively. Equilibrium and kinetic investigations were also conducted to define the removal performance of the calculated adsorbent for Ce(ΙΙΙ) and La(ΙΙΙ) ions removal. Various isotherms models such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Sips were examined at 25 °C to analyze the equilibrium isotherm data. The data revealed that the Sips approach is compatible with the experimental data. The highest adsorption capacity of the resin for Ce(ΙΙΙ) and La(ΙΙΙ) ions were 11.873 mg g−1 and 7.324 mg g−1, correspondingly. The kinetic study of the Ce(ΙΙΙ) and La(ΙΙΙ) adsorption process was conducted via pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models(IDMs). Based on the data obtained, kinetic data were fitted well to a pseudo-second-order rate correlation. According to the obtained results, the (AXAD-7) resin impregnated with CYANEX-272 performed well in removing both Ce(ΙΙΙ) and La(ΙΙΙ) ions from aqueous solutions with well stability during several adsorption–desorption cycles and well regeneration and excellent metallic ions recovery.
Inhibitory neurons control the consolidation of neural assemblies via adaptation to selective stimuli
Authors: Bergoin Raphaël , Torcini Alessandro , Deco Gustavo , Quoy Mathias , Zamora-López Gorka
Published: April 2023

Brain circuits display modular architecture at different scales of organization. Such neural assemblies are typically associated to functional specialization but the mechanisms leading to their emergence and consolidation still remain elusive. In this paper we investigate the role of inhibition in structuring new neural assemblies driven by the entrainment to various inputs. In particular, we focus on the role of partially synchronized dynamics for the creation and maintenance of structural modules in neural circuits by considering a network of excitatory and inhibitory $$\theta$$
θ
-neurons with plastic Hebbian synapses. The learning process consists of an entrainment to temporally alternating stimuli that are applied to separate regions of the network. This entrainment leads to the emergence of modular structures. Contrary to common practice in artificial neural networks—where the acquired weights are typically frozen after the learning session—we allow for synaptic adaptation even after the learning phase. We find that the presence of inhibitory neurons in the network is crucial for the emergence and the post-learning consolidation of the modular structures. Indeed networks made of purely excitatory neurons or of neurons not respecting Dale’s principle are unable to form or to maintain the modular architecture induced by the stimuli. We also demonstrate that the number of inhibitory neurons in the network is directly related to the maximal number of neural assemblies that can be consolidated, supporting the idea that inhibition has a direct impact on the memory capacity of the neural network.
Study on surface residual stress of 42CrMo steel treated by ultrasonic rolling extrusion
Authors: Wang Haojie , Wang Xiaoqiang , Tian Yingjian , Ling Yuanfei
Published: April 2023

To obtain the distribution law of residual stress of 42CrMo steel processed by ultrasonic rolling extrusion process (UREP), according to the characteristics of the material treated by ultrasonic rolling extrusion process, 42CrMo steel quasi-static experiment and dynamic experiment are carried out, the improved Johnson–Cook model was proposed. Based on the 42CrMo constitutive equation, the ultrasonic rolling extrusion process finite element method and experiment of 42CrMo steel were carried out. The results show that the simulation value and experimental value of the residual stress distribution after ultrasonic rolling extrusion process of 42CrMo steel have good consistency, with the increase of static pressure and amplitude, the residual stress increases, and with the increase of rotational speed and feed speed, the residual stress decreases, a more accurate residual stress distribution law of ultrasonic rolling extrusion of 42CrMo steel is obtained.
An integrated computational approach towards novel drugs discovery against polyketide synthase 13 thioesterase domain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Altharawi Ali , Alossaimi Manal A. , Alanazi Mohammed M. , Alqahatani Safar M. , Tahir ul Qamar Muhammad
Published: April 2023

The acquired drug resistance byMycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis)to antibiotics urges the need for developing novel anti-M. tuberculosisdrugs that possess novel mechanism of action. Since traditional drug discovery is a labor-intensive and costly process, computer aided drug design is highly appreciated tool as it speeds up and lower the cost of drug development process. Herein, Asinex antibacterial compounds were virtually screened against thioesterase domain of Polyketide synthase 13, a unique enzyme that forms α-alkyl β-ketoesters as a direct precursor of mycolic acids which are essential components of the lipid-rich cell wall ofM. tuberculosis. The study identified three drug-like compounds as the most promising leads; BBB_26582140, BBD_30878599 and BBC_29956160 with binding energy value of − 11.25 kcal/mol, − 9.87 kcal/mol and − 9.33 kcal/mol, respectively. The control molecule binding energy score is -9.25 kcal/mol. Also, the docked complexes were dynamically stable with maximum root mean square deviation (RMSD) value of 3 Å. Similarly, the MM-GB\PBSA method revealed highly stable complexes with mean energy values < − 75 kcal/mol for all three systems. The net binding energy scores are validated by WaterSwap and entropy energy analysis. Furthermore, The in silico druglike and pharmacokinetic investigation revealed that the compounds could be suitable candidates for additional experimentations. In summary, the study findings are significant, and the compounds may be used in experimental validation pipeline to develop potential drugs against drug-resistant tuberculosis.
A pilot study of digital bedside cards in the emergency room of a medical centre in Taiwan
Authors: Liao Wei-Hsiang , Lee Shih-Yi , Liao En-Chih , Chang Wen-Han , Chen Tse-Hao , Huang Ming‑Kun , Lin Jui-Ping , Tsai Weide , Sun Fang-Ju , Chien Ding-Kuo
Published: April 2023

The emergency room (ER) digital bedside card is a simple and important invention. It can be directly connected to the hospital information system to display important patient information in real time, reduce the workload of ER staff, improve their satisfaction, and provide useful information for patients and their families. We conducted a prospective study of ER staff using questionnaires and conducted Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare before and after ER digital bedside card implementation in the Tamsui MacKay Memorial Hospital. Sixty participants of the ER staff joined the study before and after digital card implementation. After the ER digital bedside card was set up, the number of round trips from the nursing station to the ER bedside and the number of common questions asked by patients and their family members were significantly reduced. The cards reduced the response time for frequently asked questions by patients and their family members and significantly improved the satisfaction of ER staff. Our study showed that ER digital bedside cards reduced the workload of ER staff, provided patients and their families with useful information, and greatly improved ER staff satisfaction. This marks an important milestone in the future development of smart ER.
Internet-based and mobile-based cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tao Tiffany Junchen , Lim Teck Kuan , Yeung Ernest Tsun Fung , Liu Huinan , Shris Phoenix Bibha , Ma Lawrence Ka Yin , Lee Tatia Mei Chun , Hou Wai Kai
Published: April 2023

Positive adjustment to chronic diseases reduces psychiatric comorbidity and enhances quality of life. Very little is known about the benefit of internet-based and mobile-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (IM-CBT) on physical outcomes and its reciprocal interactions with psychiatric outcomes, the active therapeutic elements, and effect moderators among people with major chronic medical conditions. In this systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42022265738), CINAHL of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science are systematically searched up to 1 June 2022, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IM-CBT against non-CBT control condition(s) among people with chronic disease(s). Primary outcomes include improvements in psychiatric symptoms (depressive, anxiety, PTSD symptoms, general psychological distress) from baseline to post-intervention and follow-ups. Secondary outcomes include improvements in physical distress (physical symptoms, functional impairment, self-rated ill health, objective physiological dysfunction). Among 44 RCTs (5077 patients with seven different chronic diseases), IM-CBT improves depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and general psychological distress at post-intervention and across follow-ups, and improves physical distress and functional impairment at post-intervention. Preliminary evidence suggests that behavioral modification and problem-solving could be necessary components to reduce psychiatric symptoms in IM-CBT, whereas cognitive restructuring, psychoeducation, and mindfulness elements relate to reduced physical distress. IM-CBT shows stronger benefits in chronic pain, cancer, arthritis, and cardiovascular disease, relative to other conditions. Changes in psychiatric symptoms and physical distress prospectively predict each other over time. IM-CBT is an effective intervention for comprehensive symptom management among people with chronic diseases.
OptoRheo: Simultaneous in situ micro-mechanical sensing and imaging of live 3D biological systems
Authors: Mendonca Tania , Lis-Slimak Katarzyna , Matheson Andrew B. , Smith Matthew G. , Anane-Adjei Akosua B. , Ashworth Jennifer C. , Cavanagh Robert , Paterson Lynn , Dalgarno Paul A. , Alexander Cameron , Tassieri Manlio , Merry Catherine L. R. , Wright Amanda J.
Published: April 2023

Biomechanical cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM) are essential for directing many cellular processes, from normal development and repair, to disease progression. To better understand cell-matrix interactions, we have developed a new instrument named ‘OptoRheo’ that combines light sheet fluorescence microscopy with particle tracking microrheology. OptoRheo lets us image cells in 3D as they proliferate over several days while simultaneously sensing the mechanical properties of the surrounding extracellular and pericellular matrix at a sub-cellular length scale. OptoRheo can be used in two operational modalities (with and without an optical trap) to extend the dynamic range of microrheology measurements. We corroborated this by characterising the ECM surrounding live breast cancer cells in two distinct culture systems, cell clusters in 3D hydrogels and spheroids in suspension culture. This cutting-edge instrument will transform the exploration of drug transport through complex cell culture matrices and optimise the design of the next-generation of disease models.
Digital morphometry and cluster analysis identifies four types of melanocyte during uveal melanoma progression
Authors: Stålhammar Gustav , Gill Viktor Torgny
Published: April 2023

Background

Several types of benign and malignant uveal melanocytes have been described based on their histological appearance. However, their characteristics have not been quantified, and their distribution during progression from normal choroidal melanocytes to primary tumors and metastases has not been reported.

Methods

A total of 1,245,411 digitally scanned melanocytes from normal choroid, choroidal nevi, primary uveal melanomas, and liver metastases were entered into two-step cluster analyses to delineate cell types based on measured morphometric characteristics and expression of protein markers.

Results

Here we show that a combination of the area and circularity of cell nuclei, and BAP-1 expression in nuclei and cytoplasms yields the highest silhouette of cohesion and separation. Normal choroidal melanocytes and three types of uveal melanoma cells are outlined: Epithelioid (large, rounded nuclei; BAP-1 low; IGF-1R, IDO, and TIGIT high), spindle A (small, elongated nuclei; BAP-1 high; IGF-1R low; IDO, and TIGIT intermediate), and spindle B (large, elongated nuclei; BAP-1, IGF-1R, IDO, and TIGIT low). In normal choroidal tissue and nevi, only normal melanocytes and spindle A cells are represented. Epithelioid and spindle B cells are overrepresented in the base and apex, and spindle A cells in the center of primary tumors. Liver metastases contain no normal melanocytes or spindle A cells.

Conclusions

Four basic cell types can be outlined in uveal melanoma progression: normal, spindle A and B, and epithelioid. Differential expression of tumor suppressors, growth factors, and immune checkpoints could contribute to their relative over- and underrepresentation in benign, primary tumor, and metastatic samples.
Catalytic performance of PVP-coated CuO nanosheets under environmentally friendly conditions
Authors: Shahmiri Mahdi , Bayat Saadi , Kharrazi Sharmin
Published: April 2023

Aromatic nitro compounds are an increasing concern worldwide due to their potential toxicity, prompting a quest for efficient removal approaches.
Lanthanide-doped Na2MgScF7 exhibiting downshifting and upconversion emissions for multicolor anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Zhuo Chengyu , Lyu Zeyu , Sun Dashuai , Shen Sida , Tan Taixing , Wei Shuai , Li Zhijun , Luo Pengcheng , You Hongpeng
Published: April 2023

Lanthanide-doped Na2MgScF7 was obtained by combining hydrothermal and high-temperature solid-state reactions, and applied to multicolor anti-counterfeiting.
Layered double hydroxides and their composites as high-performance photocatalysts for CO2 reduction
Authors: Ding Guixiang , Li Chunxue , Ni Yonghao , Chen Lihui , Shuai Li , Liao Guangfu
Published: April 2023

The panorama of the latest developments of LDH-based photocatalysts for CO2 reduction is exhibited.
Synchronously boosting microwave-absorbing and heat-conducting capabilities in CeO2/Ce(OH)3 core–shell nanorods/nanofibers via Fe-doping amount control
Authors: Wang Xinxin , You Feifei , Yao Qibin , Wang Kairui , Liao You , Tong Guoxiu , Wang Xiaojuan , Wu Tong , Wu Wenhua
Published: April 2023

A one-pot hydrothermal reaction of Fe-doped CeO2/Ce(OH)3 core–shell nanorods/nanofibers toward synergistically boosted microwave-absorbing and heat-conducting capabilities.
Second-order Jahn–Teller effect induced high-temperature ferroelectricity in two-dimensional NbO2X (X = I, Br)
Authors: Sun Huasheng , Deng Kaiming , Kan Erjun , Du Yongping
Published: April 2023

In this work, the origin of ferroelectricity in monolayer NbO2X (X = I, Br) is revealed as the second-order Jahn–Teller effect via the orbital selective external potential method.
Cuprous sulfide intermediate assisted synthesis of PtCu3 intermetallic electrocatalysts in multigram scale for oxygen reduction
Authors: Xu Shi-Long , Yin Peng , Zuo Lu-Jie , Yin Shi-Yi , Zuo Ming , Zhang Wanqun , Fu Xian-Zhu , Liang Hai-Wei
Published: April 2023

PtCu3 intermetallic oxygen reduction electrocatalysts were synthesized via a cuprous sulfide-induced phase transition.
Stereochemically active lone-pair-driven giant enhancement of birefringence from three-dimensional CsZn4Ga5Se12 to two-dimensional CsZnAsSe3
Authors: Zhang Chao , Ran Mao-Yin , Chen Xin , Zhou Sheng-Hua , Lin Hua , Liu Yi
Published: April 2023

A novel 2D quaternary thioarsenate, CsZnAsSe3, was obtained by a stereochemically active lone pair (SCALP) induction strategy, which exhibits a 28-fold increase in birefringence compared to the known 3D framework CsZn4Ga5Se12.
Enantioselective Au(i)-catalyzed tandem reactions between 2-alkynyl enones and naphthols by the tethered counterion-directed catalysis strategy
Authors: Yu Yunliang , Sabat Nazarii , Daghmoum Meriem , Zhang Zhenhao , Retailleau Pascal , Frison Gilles , Marinetti Angela , Guinchard Xavier
Published: April 2023

.The TCDC approach enables tandem cycloisomerization/nucleophilic addition reactions of 2-alkynyl enones with naphthols, with good to excellent control of the regioselectivity and ees up to 99%, under optimized reaction conditions.
Functionalized bioadhesion-enhanced carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hybrid hydrogels for chronic wound dressing applications
Authors: Mansur A. A. P. , Rodrigues M. A. , Capanema N. S. V. , Carvalho S. M. , Gomes D. A. , Mansur H. S.
Published: April 2023

Engineering skin cell bioadhesion through a smart hybrid hydrogel functionalization strategy for wound dressing applications.
Direct hydrazine borane fuel cells using non-noble carbon-supported polypyrrole cobalt hydroxide as an anode catalyst
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zhu Gang , Chen Zhenying , Liu Yingying , Ye Donghao , Wang Ao , Jiang Wenxing , Deng Chengwei , Zhuang Xiaodong , Zhang Junliang , Ke Changchun
Published: April 2023

Direct liquid fuel cells feeding on hydrazine borane (N2H4BH3), with C-PPY-Co(OH)2 as the anode catalyst and a Ni foam as the diffusion layer, achieve an open circuit voltage of 1.201 V and a peak power density of 60 mW cm−2.
A double perovskite oxygen electrode in Zr-rich proton conducting ceramic cells for efficient electricity generation and hydrogen production
Authors: Zheng Haoyu , Riegraf Matthias , Sata Noriko , Costa Rémi
Published: April 2023

Deciphering electrochemical processes at the surface of Ba0.5Gd0.8La0.7Co2O6−δto design a high performance oxygen electrode for reversible proton conducting ceramic cells.
A two-enzyme system in an amorphous metal–organic framework for the synthesis of d-phenyllactic acid
Authors: Wang Yifeng , Sun Xiaolong , Hu Jiahuan , Guo Qing , Zhang Ping , Luo Xi , Shen Baoxing , Fu Yongqian
Published: April 2023

An amorphous biocatalyst (LDH/GDH–aZIF-90) for the synthesis of d-phenyllactic acid was constructed for the first time, and it achieved coenzyme recycling and demonstrated excellent stability and recyclability.
Electrostatic assembly of gold nanoparticle and metal–organic framework nanoparticles attenuates amyloid β aggregate-mediated neurotoxicity
Authors: Yang Licong , Chen Yutong , Jia Zhi , Yuan Xiaoyu , Liu Jie
Published: April 2023

AuNPs@PEG@MIL-101 efficiently suppresses extracellular Aβ fibrillation, decreases intracellular Aβ40 aggregation, and finally protects PC12 cells from the cell membrane damage and microtubular defects induced by Aβ40 fibers.
A carbon dot-doped Cu-MOF-based smart nanoplatform for enhanced immune checkpoint blockade therapy and synergistic multimodal cancer therapy
Authors: Su Zhongping , Xu Haiying , Zhang Ying , Zhang Huanli , Zhang Hui , Bao Yujun , Wu Xiaodan , Yan Rui , Tan Guanghui , Wang Zhiqiang , Jin Yingxue
Published: April 2023

Red carbon dot-doped Cu-MOF nanoplatform was fabricated and used in combination with immune checkpoint blockade antitumor therapy.
Intracellular behavior of nanodiamonds functionalized with a zwitterionic shielding moiety
Authors: Sigaeva Alina , Merz Viktor , Sharmin Rokshana , Schirhagl Romana , Krueger Anke
Published: April 2023

Surface functionalization and uptake protocols had dramatic effects on cell viability, internalization efficiency, aggregation and intracellular distribution of fluorescent nanodiamonds carrying zwitterionic and capped azide groups.
Self‐supervised pre‐training in photovoltaic systems via supervisory control and data acquisition data
Authors: Wang Dejun , Duan Zhenqing , Wang Wenbin , Chu Jingchun , Cui Qingru , Zhu Runze , Cui Yahui , Zhang You , You Zedong
Published: April 2023

Owing to the availability of sensor data, the operation and maintenance (O&M) of sustainable energy systems have become more intelligent. In particular, data‐driven approaches have gained growing interest in supporting intelligent O&M. However, this is not a simple task, as the deficiency of labelled data poses a major challenge. This work proposes a self‐supervised pre‐training approach for autonomous learning of the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) data representations for photovoltaic (PV) systems. Specifically, the proposed method first constructs the sample pairs using reasonable assumptions from a large volume of unlabelled SCADA data. Then, it designs a deep Siamese network to extract the representations of the input sample pair and sets the pretext task to measure whether the input pair is similar. The proposed method has been deployed in a PV system with nominal power 2.5 MW located in North China. Experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves accurate similarity assessment for the sample pairs and can potentially support downstream tasks regarding intelligent O&M.
N-enhancement in GN-z11: First evidence for supermassive stars nucleosynthesis in proto-globular clusters-like conditions at high redshift?
Authors: Charbonnel C. , Schaerer D. , Prantzos N. , Ramírez-Galeano L. , Fragos T. , Kuruvanthodi A. , Marques-Chaves R. , Gieles M.
Published: April 2023

Unusually high N/O abundance ratios were recently reported for a very compact, intensively star-forming object GN-z11 at z = 10.6 from JWST/NIRSpec observations. We present an empirical comparison with the C, N, and O abundance ratios in Galactic globular clusters (GCs) over a large metallicity range. We show that hot hydrogen-burning nucleosynthesis within supermassive stars (SMS) formed through runaway collisions can consistently explain the observed abundances ratio in GN-z11 and in GCs. This suggests that a proto-globular cluster hosting a SMS could be at the origin of the strong N-enrichment in GN-z11. Our model predicts the behavior of N/O, C/O, and Ne/O ratios as a function of metallicity, which can be tested if high-z objects similar to GN-z11 are detected with JWST in the future. Further studies and statistics will help differentiate the proto-GC scenario from the Wolf-Rayet scenario that we quantify with a population synthesis model, and shed more light on this peculiar object.
Evaluation of laminated glass adhesion strength based on Lamb waves through the observation of the Schoch effect
Authors: Silitonga Dicky J. , Declercq Nico F.
Published: April 2023

Compared to standard plain glass panes, laminated glass has many advantages, such as improved glass panes’ safety, structural strength, and aesthetics. An essential quality criterium of laminated glass, tunable during production, is the adhesion strength of the interlayer. Traditional quality control is destructive and involves peeling, tensioning, or impacting the specimens, while ultrasound may, if properly applied, reveal the quality parameters nondestructively and reduce production costs. In facilities equipped with ultrasonic phased array transducers, bounded beam effects may be exploited to investigate the considered glass panels. In this work, we provide a proof of concept of a bounded beam effect, known as the Schoch displacement, caused by ultrasonic guided waves, to map variations in adhesion nondestructively. Even though in industrial production lines, one may opt for phased array techniques to measure the effects, in this work, we provide images obtained by acousto-optic Schlieren photography for demonstrative purposes.
Study of Faraday waves in tanks in presence of polystyrene bead layers
Authors: Roux Maxime Christophe Nicolas , Meunier Benjamin Arthur Hugo , Mari Daniele
Published: April 2023

When a tank is subjected to vertical forced excitation, Faraday waves appear at the surface of the liquid the tank contains. In this paper, we consider the effect of layers of polystyrene beads placed on the surface of isopropanol undergoing a low frequency vertical sinusoidal excitation. Beads on the surface remove most of low-frequency resonances and reduce the amplitude of waves for the remaining ones. The formation of resonances with beads is observed to come from small gaps in the bead layers. A sufficient number of beads is needed to maintain beads in one compact block and prevent Faraday waves.
Cosmic ray mass composition measurement with the TALE hybrid detector
Authors: Fujita Keitaro
Published: April 2023

The Telescope Array (TA) located in the State of Utah in the US is the largest ultra-high energy cosmic rays observatory in the northern hemisphere. The Telescope Array Low-energy Extension (TALE) detector was constructed to study the transition of cosmic rays from Galactic to extra-galactic origin. The TALE detector consists of a Fluorescence Detector (FD) station with 10 high elevation telescopes located at the TA Middle Drum FD Station (itself made up of 14 FD telescopes), and a Surface Detector (SD) array made up of 80 scintillation counters, including 40 with 400 m spacing and 40 with 600 m spacing. We have continued stable observation with hybrid mode since 2017. In this contribution, we present the latest result of the cosmic ray mass composition measurement using almost 4 years of TALE hybrid data.
A machine learning approach for mass composition analysis with TALE-SD data
Authors: Arimura Ryuhei
Published: April 2023

The TALE experiment is a Telescope Array Low-energy Extension constructed to observe cosmic rays with energies down to 1016.5 to clarify the origin of the second knee and the energy of the galactic to extragalactic CRs transition. TALE consists of 10 high-elevation fluorescence detectors and 80 scintillation counters in an area of 21 km2. The key of data interpretation is the mass composition of cosmic rays, and we report on a machine learning approach of mass composition analysis that utilizes waveform data of TALE scintillation counters.
Sensitivity of the combined fit of energy spectrum, shower depth distributions, and arrival directions at the Pierre Auger Observatory
Authors: Bister Teresa
Published: April 2023

The Pierre Auger Observatory measures several characteristics of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), most importantly the energy spectrum, the distribution of maximum shower depths and the arrival directions. We use all three observables for a combined fit, in which parameters of possible UHECR sources can be constrained. The astrophy sical model used in the fit consists of homogeneo usly distributed background sources as well as an adaptable contribution from a nearby source population . For this, the catalogs of starburst galaxies and active galactic nuclei are used which show an indication for a correlation with the UHECR arrival directions . The signal fraction, as well as the size of a rigidity-dependent magn etic field blurring, are part of the fit parameters, along with the parameters describing the source emission. Tn this work, we present an astro-physical simulation containing an energy-dependent contribution from starburst galaxies, which simultaneously describes the energy spectrum, shower depth distributions, and arrival directions measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory. On this simulation, the discrimination power of the method regarding the differentiation of source catalogs is demonstrated, and the expected statistical significance of the result is investigated.
Performance evaluation of LHCf-ATLAS ZDC joint measurement using proton beam
Authors:   LHCf Collaboration, Kondo Moe , Adriani Oscar , Berti Eugenio , Betti Pietro , Bonechi Lorenzo , Bongi Massimo , D’Alessandro Raffaello , Detti Sebastiano , Haguenauer Maurice , Itow Yoshitaka , Kasahara Katsuaki , Kitagami Yuga , Matsubara Yutaka , Menjo Hiroaki , Muraki Yasushi , Ohashi Ken , Papini Paolo , Piparo Giuseppe , Ricciarini Sergio , Sako Takashi , Sakurai Nobuyuki , Scaringella Monica , Shimizu Yuki , Tamura Tadashi , Tiberio Alessio , Torii Shoji , Tricomi Alessia , Turner William C. , Yoshida Kenji ,   ATLAS ZDC group, Citron Zvi , Cole Brian , Grosse-Perdekamp Matthias , Lantz Chad , Longo Riccardo , MacLean Daniel , Moyal Yftach , Shenkar Shir , Steinberg Peter , Sudit Lion , Tate Aric
Published: April 2023

Measurements of forward neutrons in pp collisions will allow us to investigate π-p cross-section via one-pion exchange process, which are important for air shower development. However, the precision of these measurements is limited by the energy resolution of the LHCf detectors. To improve it, a joint measurement with the ATLAS ZDC was planned. In 2021, a beam test was conducted to evaluate the performance of the joint measurement of the LHCf-Arm1 and ZDC detectors using proton beams of 350 GeV at SPS. Combining the LHCf data with the ZDC data, we confirmed that the energy resolution improved from about 40% to 21.4%.
EUSO-SPB2: A balloon experiment for UHECR and VHE neutrino observation
Authors: Cummings Austin , Eser Johannes , Filippatos George , Olinto Angela , Venters Tonia , Wiencke Lawrence ,   Collaboration
Published: April 2023

The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2) experiment will make new measurements from suborbital space as a precursor for future space missions that will address the challenge of the extremely low fluxes of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) and very high energy (VHE) neutrinos.

The EUSO-SPB2 detector is comprised of two 1m diameter aperture telescopes. The Fluorescence Telescope (FT) will point in nadir and will record fluorescence light from cosmic ray EAS with energies above 1 EeV in its field of view of 36 by 12 degrees. The Cherenkov Telescope (CT) features a silicon photomultiplier focal surface with a field of view of 12 by 6 degrees. The CT will switch between two observation modes: one which points the CT above the limb to measure the Cherenkov emission of cosmic ray EAS with energies above 1 PeV and one which points the CT below the limb to record the Cherenkov emission produced by PeV scale EAS initiated by neutrino-sourced tau decay. As it is the first time such an instrument has been flown, one of the priorities of the CT will be the study of the optical background for observing neutrinos in this way.

EUSO-SPB2 is undergoing the final integration steps for launch on a NASA super pressure balloon payload in the spring of 2023 from Wanaka NZ. The CT was field-tested in March 2022 and the FT in August - September 2022.

The data collected during the EUSO-SPB2 mission will be essential to advancing the development of a space-based multi-messenger observatory such as the Probe of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA). In this contribution, we discuss the EUSO-SPB2 science goals, the instruments, the expected performance and the current status.
Progress and future prospect of the CRAFFT project for the next generation UHECR observatory
Authors: Tameda Yuichiro , Tomida Takayuki , Ikeda Daisuke , Yamazaki Katsuya , Kim Jihyun , Nakamura Yuya , Kubota Yuto , Shibata Norimichi , Nishio Eiji , Murakami Miyato , Ishimoto Yasuki , Katayama Tomoki , Kobayashi Yuga
Published: April 2023

The next generation of ultra-high energy cosmic ray observations will require large detector arrays to achieve large statistics. In order to realize next-generation large-scale detector arrays, the Cosmic Ray Air Fluorescence Fresnel lens Telescope (CRAFFT) project is developing a low-cost simple fluorescence detector (FD). The simple structure of the CRAFFT detector will reduce the cost to about 1/10 of the current FD. We also aim to realize a fully automated observation system. A prototype of the CRAFFT detector has been successfully used to detect cosmic ray air showers. Since the spatial resolution of the simple FD is rougher than that of the current FD, we are developing a new air shower reconstruction method using the waveform fitting method. In this presentation, we report the performance of the CRAFFT detector, detector optimization, and future prospect.
The XY-Scanner for Absolute End-to-End Calibration of Fluorescence Detectors
Authors: Vacula Martin
Published: April 2023

The precise determination of the energy scale is a key part of experiments in astroparticle physics. At the Pierre Auger Observatory, the energy scale is set by the calorimetric measurement of extensive air showers with fluorescence detectors. Thus, the absolute end-to-end calibration of the fluorescence detectors is of utmost importance. In the past, this calibration was performed by illuminating the whole optical system of a fluorescence telescope with a large-scale extended uniform light source of the same diameter as the telescope aperture. However, handling difficulties, excessive manpower requirements, and degradation of such a source led to the need for a different approach for the absolute end-to-end calibration. The fundamental idea of the novel approach is to significantly reduce the geometrical size of the calibration light source, which is a near-UV LED source implemented in a portable integrating sphere with specifically designed interior. This light source is moved over the aperture by a rail mechanism with two independent linear stages named the XY-Scanner. Calibration data are evaluated from a series of light source positions instead of illuminating the entire aperture at once. The absolute photometric determination of the light source emission intensity is performed in a dedicated laboratory setup with a measurement uncertainty of 3.5 %. The XY-Scanner mechanics installed at the aperture gives also the opportunity to install other, devices for instance a narrow, collimated beam source to investigate local impurities of the telescopes. This contribution gives an overview of this novel XY-Scanner calibration method and presents preliminary results and discusses plans for the future.
An end-to-end in-flight calibration of Mini-EUSO detector
Authors: Miyamoto Hiroko , Battisti Matteo , Barghini Dario , Belov Alexander , Bertaina Mario , Bianciotto Marta , Bisconti Francesca , Blaksley Carl , Blin Sylvie , Bolmgren Karl , Cambiè Giorgio , Capel Francesca , Casolino Marco , Churilo Igor , Crisconio Marino , De La Taille Christophe , Ebisuzaki Toshikazu , Eser Johannes , Fenu Francesco , Filippatos George , Franceschi Massimo Alberto , Fuglesang Christer , Golzio Alessio , Gorodetzky Philippe , Kajino Fumiyoshi , Kasuga Hiroshi , Klimov Pavel , Kungel Viktoria , Kuznetsov Vladimir , Manfrin Massimiliano , Marcelli Laura , Mascetti Gabriele , Marszał Włodzimierz , Mignone Marco , Murashov Alexey , Napolitano Tommaso , Ohmori Hitoshi , Olinto Angela , Parizot Etienne , Picozza Piergiorgio , Piotrowski Lech Wiktor , Plebaniak Zbigniew , Prévôt Guillaume , Reali Enzo , Ricci Marco , Romoli Giulia , Sakaki Naoto , Sharakin Sergei , Shinozaki Kenji , Szabelski Jacek , Takizawa Yoshiyuki , Valentini Giovanni , Vrabel Michal , Wincke Lawrence , Zotov Mikhail
Published: April 2023

Mini-EUSO is a wide Field-of-View (FoV, 44°) telescope currently in operation from a nadir-facing UV-transparent window in the Russian Zvezda module on the International Space Station (ISS). It is the first detector of the JEM-EUSO program deployed on the ISS, launched in August 2019. The main goal of Mini-EUSO is to measure the UV emissions from the ground and atmosphere, using an orbital platform. Mini-EUSO is mainly sensitive in the 290–430 nm bandwidth. Light is focused by a system of two Fresnel lenses of 25 cm diameter each on the Photo-Detector-Module (PDM), which consists of an array of 36 Multi-Anode Photomultiplier Tubes (MAPMTs), arranged in blocks of 2 × 2 called Elementary Cells (ECs), for a total of 2304 pixels working in photon counting mode, in three different time resolutions of 2.5 µs (defined as 1 Gate Time Unit, GTU), 320 µs and 40.96 ms operating in parallel. In the longest time scale, the data is continuously acquired to monitor the UV emission of the Earth. It is best suited for the observation of ground sources and therefore has been used for the observational campaigns of the ground-based UV flasher in order to perform an end-to-end calibration of Mini-EUSO. In this contribution, the assembled UV flasher, the operation of the field campaign and the analysis of the obtained data are presented. The result is compared with the overall effi ciency computed from the expectations which takes into account the atmospheric attenuation and the parametrisation of different effects such as the optics effi ciency, the MAPMT detection effi ciency, BG3 filter transmittance and the transparency of the ISS window.
The Einstein Elevator
Authors: Lotz Christoph , Piest Baptist , Rasel Ernst , Overmeyer Ludger
Published: April 2023

Development of space proven technologies, fundamental research in microgravity and preparation of future space missions all benefit from next generation drop tower facilities like the Einstein-Elevator. The facility is being made available within a DFG core facility center in Hannover.
Influence of Hydrated Lime on the Self-Healing Capacity of Cement Mortars
Authors: Giordano Franco Grosso , Boon Nico , De Belie Nele
Published: April 2023

The capacity of hydrated lime to reabsorb CO2as it hardens has made it a desirable replacement for cement to produce mortars with an overall lower environmental footprint. Still, research into lime-cement formulations remains limited, especially when it comes to their self-healing capacity.

Some studies show that hydrated lime can improve self-healing in cement mixes, but addition rates are low. Here we present how high lime-cement ratios influence the self-healing capacity of lime mortars. Four mixes of increasing lime-cement ratios were cracked with tensile loading and placed under 1 hour wet, 23 hours dry cycles to stimulate self-healing. The mix design of 50 % lime-50 % cement volume (L50C50) showed self-healing abilities and was tested against a pure cement mixture (L0C100). Microscopy and water flow tests were performed at a cracking age of 7 days and then again after 28 days of healing in three regimes.

Overall, submersion was the best healing regime for both L0C100 and L50C50 and crack self-healing was close to total (100 ± 1 % and 98 ± 6 %, respectively). Nevertheless, the water flow tests show that self-healing in L50C50 was in fact less efficient than that of the L0C100, achieving a 39 ± 21 % reduction in water flow versus 86 ± 11 %.
Adhesion studies in view of automated repair using 3D concrete printing
Authors: Tao Yaxin , Lesage Karel , De Schutter Geert , Van Tittelboom Kim
Published: April 2023

Similar to dental cavities, in that the damaged area must be filled, concrete also suffers from spall damage during long-term service. Inspired by 3D printing a resin patch that fits the shape of the damaged area in the tooth, an automated approach for concrete repair is proposed, where the damaged area of a concrete structure is filled layer-by-layer. It is therefore essential to ensure the adhesion of the printed materials. In this study, printable mixtures were formulated and the effect of adding redispersible polymer powder and cellulose ether on the adhesion of 3D printed materials was investigated. The adhesion of the material in the fresh and hardened stage was analyzed using a tack test and a pull-off test, respectively.