bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Phyllanthus niruri leaf extract: Assessment of antimicrobial activity, effectiveness on tropical neglected mosquito vector control, and biocompatibility using a fibroblast cell line model
Authors: Prabakaran K. , Baranitharan M. , Mathiyazhagan M. , Sumedha N. C. , Surya P. , Irrusappan H. , Sampath Shobana , Ahmed Mohammad Z. , Asaithambi Perumal
Published: October 2024

Mosquitoes are rapidly advancing as vectors of several severe diseases. The increasing resistance of mosquitoes and the environmental harm caused by insecticides pose significant challenges for eradicating mosquito vectors. In this study, 18 plant extracts were tested for larvicidal properties against Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Anopheles stephensi larvae. Phyllanthus niruri (Pn) showed enhanced larvicidal activity in both laboratory and field trials. The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Pn leaf methanol extract (Pn-LME) was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Among various concentrations, 3 mM AgNPs exhibited significant LC90 values of 0.83, 1.46, and 9.11 ppm compared to 9.25, 93.48, and 14.60 ppm of Pn-LME against A. stephensi, C. quinquefasciatus, and A. aegypti, respectively. This indicates the high mortality of mosquito vectors at low AgNP concentrations. Additionally, Pn-AgNPs showed enhanced antibacterial activity and no cytotoxicity in normal fibroblast cells (L929). Field trials demonstrated a 98.70% decrease in mosquito larval density at A. stephensi breeding sites, a 96.55% reduction at C. quinquefasciatus sites, and a 97.85% reduction at Ae. aegypti sites. This study presents an eco-friendly and cost-effective AgNP bio-pesticide synthesized from Pn leaves for controlling and preventing the transmission of filarial, dengue, and malaria vectors.
Analysis of the magnetohydrodynamic effects on non-Newtonian fluid flow in an inclined non-uniform channel under long-wavelength, low-Reynolds number conditions
Authors: Gudekote Manjunatha , Choudhari Rajashekhar , Sanil Prathiksha , Vaidya Hanumesh , Tripathi Dharmendra , Prasad Kerehalli Vinayaka , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy
Published: October 2024

This study utilises mathematical modelling and computations to analyse the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects on non-Newtonian Eyring–Powell fluid flow in an inclined non-uniform channel under long-wavelength, low Reynolds number conditions. The governing equations are solved by applying slip boundary conditions to determine the velocity, temperature, concentration, and streamline profiles. The key findings show that the magnetic parameter dampens the flow rate. The relationship between the variable viscosity, velocity, and temperature is nonlinear. The wall rigidity parameter and axial velocity are directly proportional until a threshold. Increasing inclination angles distorts streamlines. The magnetic field alters concentration contours and thermal transport. MATLAB parametric analysis explores MHD effects. This study enhances the understanding of inclined channel fluid dynamics, offering insights into variable viscosity, magnetic fields, wall properties, and impacts of inclination angles on non-Newtonian flow characteristics. This knowledge can optimise industrial MHD conduit/channel transport applications.
Research on the role of multi-sensor system information fusion in improving hardware control accuracy of intelligent system
Authors: Li Xin , Li Yuesong
Published: October 2024

Multi-sensor management and control technology generally constructs a reasonable objective function to solve the optimal control command set to control a limited number of sensors to obtain higher quality measurement information, thus obtaining better target tracking performance. In the process of multi-sensor information fusion, there is not only the problem of information redundancy but also obvious time delay. A sensor fusion algorithm combined with global optimization algorithm is innovatively proposed. According to the key frames saved in the previous steps, feature points in local maps, sensor information, and loop information, a global optimization algorithm based on graph optimization model is constructed to optimize the position and pose of intelligent hardware system and the position of spatial feature points. Moreover, this work studies and experiments on multi-sensor fusion simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) comprehensively and systematically, and the experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this work is superior to common open-source SLAM algorithm in positioning accuracy and mapping effect under special circumstances. Therefore, the method proposed in this work can be applied to intelligent driving of vehicles, vision-assisted movement of robots and intelligent control of unmanned aerial vehicles, thus effectively improving the hardware control accuracy of intelligent systems.
Plant-mediated synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of a copper oxide/silicon dioxide nanocomposite by an antimicrobial study
Authors: Dwivedi Poonam , Samdani Mohammad Shahzad , Khan Azhar U. , Jatrana Indu , Bansod Sudhakar , Min Kim , Hejaz Azmi Syed Najmul , Alam Mahboob
Published: October 2024

This study presents an innovative, environmentally friendly method for biosynthesizing copper oxide–silica (Cu2O/SiO2) nanocomposites (CSNCs) utilizing an aqueous leaf extract of Callistemon viminalis (C. viminalis). The goal of this work is to fabricate CSNCs using a less hazardous and sustainable synthesis approach. Copper acetate and sodium metasilicate were used as precursors, whereas the C. viminalis green leaf extract was used as the reducing and stabilizing agent. Analysis of the plant extract using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the presence of polyphenolic compounds, primarily phenolic acids, which functioned as both reducing and stabilizing agents in the synthesis of CSNCs. A combination of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy was used to study the formation of spherical copper–silica hybrid nanostructures. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the successful integration of silica with copper(i) oxide (Cu2O) through the presence of distinct Cu2O peaks and a broad amorphous SiO2 peak at 2θ = 22.77°. The thermal stability of the nanocomposites (NCs) was assessed using thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis under a nitrogen atmosphere. The biogenic NCs also successfully inhibited pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Candida albicans (C. albicans); however, S. aureus was found to be more susceptible to the biocidal activity of the NCs than P. aeruginosa. These findings suggest that this simple, cost-effective, and eco-friendly method for producing biologically active hybrid nanomaterials holds significant promise for future applications in both biological and materials sciences.
Incorporating geranium plant waste into ultra-high performance concrete prepared with crumb rubber as fine aggregate in the presence of polypropylene fibers
Authors: AlAteah Ali H.
Published: October 2024

This research examines the efficiency of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) when utilizing geranium plant (GP) ash, which is subjected to different curing temperatures ranging from 300 to 900°C for 3 h of burning time. The GP ash is used as a replacement for cement in varying amounts (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt%). Crumb rubber powder is utilized as a substitute for fine aggregate. Polypropylene fibers have been used to improve concrete performance. The performance of UHPC is evaluated by assessing its mechanical qualities, such as flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, and compressive strength. The sorptivity test is also evaluated as a component of it. Scanning electron microscopy is used to analyze UHPC after exposure to temperatures as high as 900°C. The findings demonstrated a notable enhancement in the mechanical characteristics of all mixtures. The most favorable mixtures were achieved with proportions of 50, 40, 40, and 20% for mixtures including GP waste incinerated at temperatures ranging from 300 to 900°C. Furthermore, the optimal outcome is achieved when 40% substitution is performed at a temperature of 700°C, resulting in notable enhancements of 14% in compressive strength, 30% in flexural strength, and 17% splitting tensile strength, respectively. At a high temperature of 700°C, the decrease in strength increased to approximately 37–40% as a result of the initial removal of carbon dioxide from calcite at temperatures ranging from 600 to 900°C and reached 56% at 900°C. Great resistance to sorptivity, as well as a dense and compact microstructure with a high content of calcium and silicon, was obtained.
„Nematoma ranka“ A. Smith’o veikaluose: atsiradimo aplinkybės ir aktualumas šiandienai
Authors: Čiegis Remigijus , Drabavičius Žilvinas
Published: October 2024

Straipsnyje pateikiamas A. Smith’o veikaluose taikytos „nematomos rankos“ sampratos atsiradimo aplinkybių ir jos realaus aktualumo
šiandienai teorinis tyrimas, grindžiamas nuostata, kad norint suprasti šiuolaikinę visuomenę reikia rimtai domėtis idėjų ir visuomenių
istorija. Vykdant tyrimą siekiama atskleisti A. Smith’o veikaluose taikytos „nematomos rankos“ sampratos atsiradimo aplinkybes,
pagrindinius jos turinio momentus ir parodyti jos realų aktualumą šiandienos ekonomikos teorijai bei liberaliai ekonominei politikai.
Remdamiesi vykdyto tyrimo rezultatais galime teigti, kad savo veikaluose A. Smith’as aiškiai atskleidė, kad „nematoma ranka“ lengvai
ir sklandžiai egoistinį kiekvieno individo naudos siekį įtraukia į tuo metu vykstantį visuomenės gerovės kilimo procesą.
Pro-Environmental Behaviour and Sustainable Development: Evidence from a Survey of Lithuanian and Ukrainian Students
Authors: Simonavičė Samanta , Shevchuk Vira , Bordun Oresta
Published: October 2024

This research aims to analyse and compare students’ attitudes to environmental care in Lithuania and Ukraine using the New Ecological
Paradigm (NEP) scale. The study also explores gender differences in environmental attitudes among students, and evaluates
these attitudes using the Index of Environmental Care Attitudes. The findings reveal similarities and differences between Lithuanian
and Ukrainian students, with Lithuanian students demonstrating higher ecological knowledge and a more environmentally conscious
world-view. However, Ukrainian students show positive trends in engagement with environmental education. Gender-based disparities
indicate that female students consistently exhibit stronger environmentally conscious behaviour. The study highlights the potential for
Ukrainian universities to enhance sustainability initiatives and capitalise on the growing environmental consciousness among students.
Overall, the research paves the way for targeted interventions and improvements in fostering sustainable practices in university settings.
Pradedančių studijas studentų reflektyvioji pedagoginė praktika: studentų patirtys ir praktikos tobulinimo galimybės
Authors: Strazdienė Neringa , Ramanauskienė Sada , Norvilienė Aida
Published: October 2024

Straipsnyje analizuojamos bakalauro studijų programos studentų, atlikusių pirmąją praktiką ikimokyklinio ir pradinio ugdymo įstaigose,
refleksijos. Stebimosios praktikos metu studentai suvokė pedagogo darbo svarbą ir sudėtingumą, pasitikrino savo apsisprendimą dirbti
pedagoginį darbą. Išryškėjo trys studentų savęs ir savo profesinės veiklos tobulinimo kryptys: dalykinių, didaktinių, psichologinių žinių
įgijimo bei gebėjimų ugdymo; ugdymo(si) proceso valdymo gebėjimų tobulinimo ir savęs bei savo asmeninių savybių tobulinimo.
Studentai pateikė praktikos tobulinimo siūlymų praktikos vadovams, dėstytojams ir mokytojams mentoriams. Jų refleksijose išryškėję
pirmosios praktikos ypatumai suponavo studijų proceso ir praktikos organizavimo tobulinimo galimybes.
El ecumenismo receptivo: una propuesta para Colombia
Authors: Arboleda Mora Carlos Ángel
Published: October 2024

The article presents receptive ecumenism as an innovative approach to dialogue between the different Christian denominations in the country. Inspired by the encyclical Ut Unum Sint and the ideas of Cardinal Kasper, this approach promotes humility and critical self-analysis, encouraging churches to recognize their limitations and learn from each other. Receptive ecumenism seeks to move towards unity through diversity, without forcing time or aspiring to immediate unification. Instead of asking what other churches can learn from a specific tradition, the proposal suggests asking what churches can receive from other denominations, thus fostering mutual enrichment and ecumenical collaboration in the daily life of church communities.
Simuladores en el aprendizaje de competencias digitales para estudiantes y educadores
Authors: Cordero Cordero Jahzeel
Published: October 2024

El uso de simuladores en la educación se presenta como una herramienta poderosa y versátil para la adquisición de competencias digitales en estudiantes y educadores. Este ensayo analiza por qué e ilustra el cómo los simuladores pueden integrarse en los currículos educativos para mejorar la alfabetización digital y preparar a los individuos para enfrentar los desafíos tecnológicos del siglo XXI. El objetivo principal es examinar las ventajas y los desafíos asociados con su uso y proporcionar una visión clara de cómo implementarlos para maximizar el aprendizaje. Se exploran percepciones conceptuales, experiencias prácticas, así como conclusiones y recomendaciones generales (no únicas ni exclusivas) que avalan su efectividad en contextos educativos reales. A través de una combinación de revisión de la literatura y de análisis crítico, el ensayo busca ser una contribución significativa al campo de la educación al ofrecer estrategias concretas para la adopción exitosa de simuladores. Finalmente, este manuscrito concluye con una orientación al lector hacia un enfoque reflexivo y práctico para promover un espacio de diálogo sobre la importancia de adaptarse a las demandas del siglo XXI.
Рециклізація 3-(2-(морфолін-4-карбоніл)-феніл)- 4Н-хромен-4-онів під дією 1,2- та 1,3-N,N-бінуклеофілів
Authors: Кукушкіна К.В. , Москвіна В.С.
Published: October 2024

Досліджено регіоселективність реакцій рециклізації 3-(2-(морфолін-4-карбоніл)феніл)-4Н-хромен-4-онів з метилгідразином як 1,2-N,N-бінуклеофільним і карбонатом гуанідину як 1,3-N,N-бінуклеофільним реагента- ми. У результаті розроблено і адаптовано методики, що дали можливість синтезувати 3-(2-гідроксіарил)- 1-метил-1H-піразоли та 2-аміно-4-(2-гідроксіарил)піримідини з високим виходом. Отримані продукти, які містять функціональні гідрокси-, аміно- та карбоксамідогрупи, є перспективними сполуками для проведення біологічного скринінгу та/або подальшої цільової структурної модифікації з метою конструювання сполук з широким спектром корисних властивостей. Крім того, синтезовані сполуки мають потенціал для вивчення їхніх хелатних та флуоресцентних властивостей.
Вуглецева волокниста кремнієвмісна композиційна матриця для розроблення сучасних бактерицидних аплікаційних засобів у хірургії
Authors: Кліпов В.Д. , Кононко І.В. , Бошицька Н.В. , Сергєєв В.П. , Кононко Н.В.
Published: October 2024

Відпрацьовано технологію отримання вуглецевої волокнистої композиційної матриці з діоксидом кремнію (ВВККМ) для медичного призначення і описано алгоритм її виготовлення. Досліджено вплив структуротвірної домішки на умови утворення золи та структурно зв’язаного прошарку діоксиду кремнію в розробленому матеріалі. Параметри пористої структури вуглецевого волокна ВВККМ вивчено ексикаторним методом за поглинанням парів бензолу. Мікроструктуру поверхневого та приповерхневого шарів з вмістом діоксиду кремнію в зразках композиційної матриці досліджено за допомогою сканівного електронного мікроскопа, що дало змогу визначити місце розташування прошарку з діоксиду кремнію в структурі композита і окремих включень на його поверхні. Виявлено агрегацію діоксиду кремнію в дрібнодисперсній волокноподібній структурі після 100 % випалу вуглецевої складової під час золоутворення за температури 1073 К. Проаналізовано форму та розміри частинок діоксиду кремнію, а також морфологію їх поверхні. Методами енергодисперсійного рентгенівського аналізу і аналітичної хімії доведено, що включення мінералів на поверхні мікроволокон ВВККМ є частинками кремнію та діоксиду кремнію. Новизна запропонованої технології полягає у модифікації структури ВВККМ додатковою складовою, що дає підстави вважати її особливим класом вуглецевих композиційних матеріалів. В отриманій ВВККМ частинки SiO2 завбільшки~100—500 нм забезпечують лікувальні та бактерицидні властивості, сприяють клітинній регенерації ранової поверхні, знешкоджують бактеріальні клітини. Це дає можливість використовувати ВВККМ для виготовлення бактерицидних аплікаційних засобів під час лікування гнійно-ускладнених бактеріальних уражень в умовах і польової, і стаціонарної хірургії.
Інформаційна технологія обробки даних електрокардіограм для знаходження R-піків
Authors: Крак Ю.В. , Стеля О.Б. , Єфремов М.С. , Ляшко А.В.
Published: October 2024

Запропоновано підхід до коректного обчислення похідної сигналу електрокардіограми (ЕКГ) для ефективного визначення R-піків на основі порогових алгоритмів. На відміну від існуючих порогових підходів з використанням обчислення похідної сигналу ЕКГ, даний підхід має істотні удосконалення в напрямку оптимізації обчислень, що дозволяє використовувати його для великих наборів даних. Новизна підходу полягає в тому, що для даних ЕКГ будується кусково-поліноміальне наближення, яке водночас є згладжуючим. Надалі обчислюється похідна від згладженої функції. Ефективність методу підтверджена за допомогою розробленої інформаційної технології для обчислення R-піків ЕКГ з відкритої бази MIT-BIH.
Приповерхнева стійкість кусково-однорідної півплощини, що стискається вздовж прямолінійної межі поділу двох середовищ за різних умов їх з’єднання
Authors: Кіпніс О.Л.
Published: October 2024

З використанням співвідношень тривимірної лінеаризованої теорії стійкості деформівних тіл досліджено плоску статичну задачу про стиск напівобмеженого тіла (основи) з тонким шаром покриття вздовж пря- молінійної межі поділу двох різних матеріалів. В рамках моделі кусково-однорідного середовища розглянуто випадки, коли на межі поділу середовищ виконується умова жорсткого з’єднання та умова проковзування без тертя. Для випадку, коли для обох матеріалів корені відповідних характеристичних рівнянь є рівними, визначено критичні значення параметрів навантаження, що відповідають втраті приповерхневої стій- кості кусково-однорідної півплощини, та проаналізовано їх залежність від фізико-механічних характерис- тик матеріалів.
ХІМІЧНА ПРОМИСЛОВІСТЬ ПІД ВПЛИВОМ ВОЄННИХ ТА ЄВРОІНТЕГРАЦІЙНИХ ВИКЛИКІВ
Authors: ДЕЙНЕКО Людмила , ШЕЛУДЬКО Елла , ЗАВГОРОДНЯ Марія , ЗАРУДНА Oльга
Published: October 2024

Висвітлено тенденції і загрози, що впливають на розвиток галузі з огляду на сучасні виклики, пов’язані, передусім, з військовою агресією РФ проти України. Ураження підприємств, воєнна міграція населення і логістичні розриви суттєво уповільнили процес адаптації виробництв до нових умов функціонування, значно знизили обсяги експортних поставок і звузили асортимент хімічного експорту, посилили імпортозалежність, ускладнили процес імпортозаміщення через зростання обсягів конкуруючого імпорту, дефіцит кваліфікованих кадрів, скорочення інвестиційного забезпечення потреб галузі.
Перспективи розвитку галузі пов’язані з активізацією інноваційного розвитку підприємств крізь призму реалізації інвестиційних проєктів у сфері глибокої переробки різних видів сировини, впровадження нових технологій, використання інструментів державно-приватного партнерства. Досліджено можливості відновлення окремих хімічних секторів на основі реалізації інвестиційних проєктів, що стимулюють імпортозаміщення в галузі.
Вирішення завдань відновлення і створення нових можливостей для промислового бізнесу потребує врахування європейського досвіду щодо підвищення технологічності та інноваційності хімічного виробництва. Розкрито обмеження й особливості трансформації європейської хімічної промисловості, висвітлено низку ініціатив, що запроваджуються в Україні в частині адаптації європейського досвіду до завдань повоєнного відновлення галузі. Повоєнне відновлення хімічної промисловості передбачатиме формування концептуального бачення економічної стійкості галузі, що поєднує: здатність протистояти зовнішнім чинникам, знижувати вразливість і підтримувати спроможність економіки відновлюватися, передусім, на нових технологічних засадах.  Запропоновано заходи з відновлювального розвитку хімічної промисловості в процесі подолання наслідків війни, забезпечення стійкості галузі та її підтримки в реалізації інвестиційних проєктів стратегічного значення; обґрунтовано інструменти підтримки виробництв імпортозамінної продукції.
ДО ТЕОРЕТИЧНОГО РОЗУМІННЯ СМАРТ-ЕКОНОМІКИ
Authors: ТАРАСЕВИЧ Віктор
Published: October 2024

Розглянуто рівні пізнання смарт-економіки як реальності – емпіричний, абстрактно-теоретичний, теоретико-прикладний. У межах емпіричного рівня охарактеризовано акронім SMART, погляди на економіку знань, смарт-економіку як частину смарт-суспільства і нову модель економіки, що базується на інформації, інноваціях, захисті населення і довкілля, а також на її склад, функціональний вимір, цільову причинність, деякі прикладні аспекти.
Основним змістом сучасної знаннєво-інформаційно-цифрової або інтелектуальної революції визнано передання особливій машині функцій інтелектуальних (у широкому сенсі) сутнісних сил людини, а також творіння необхідних для цього сутнісних сил. Виокремлено етапи зазначеної революції: механічний, електронно-цифровий, нейронний, квантовий. На абстрактно-теоретичному рівні вихідним, базовим об’єктом, сутнісним ядром смарт-економіки визначено людино-машинну інтелектуальну систему як єдність людини-актора і керованої людиною функціонально-інтелектуальної машини, з вирішальною роллю людини як головної продуктивної сили знаннєво-інформаційних або інтелектуальних продуктів, що в ринкових умовах набувають конкретних форм об’єктів інтелектуальної власності й, зазвичай, стають товаром. На загально-конкретному рівні пізнання смарт-економіка в цілому або в широкому сенсі являє собою єдність взаємопов’язаних ядра (вихідного об’єкта) й адекватних йому складових I, II, III і IV родів, які функціонують майже в усіх галузях і видах діяльності економіки в широкому сенсі. «Смарт-економіка I роду» представлена повним циклом виробництва людино-машинних інтелектуальних систем; «смарт-економіка II роду» – повним циклом виробництва знаннєво-інформаційних продуктів за допомогою таких систем; «смарт-економіка ІII роду» – використанням людино-машинних інтелектуальних систем у різних галузях і видах діяльності для повного циклу виробництва різноманітних продуктів; «смарт-економіка IV роду» – синергетичним ефектом взаємодії ядра смарт-економіки та її трьох родів. З огляду на зазначене, відкриваються перспективи прикладного дослідження конкретних форм і видів смарт-економічної діяльності, змісту взаємозв’язків смарт-економіки з іншими складовими економіки як суспільного виробництва, її (смарт-економіки) соціально-економічного, організаційно-економічного та інституціонального вимірів.
OVERVIEW OF THE RESULTS OF RESEARCH OF RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION OF THE KAKHOVKA RESERVOIR, WHICH WERE CONDUCTED AFTER THE ACCIDENT AT THE CHERNOBYL NPP (1986-1921)
Authors:   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute, Каnivets Volodymyr , Derkach Grydorii ,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute
Published: October 2024

The available data on the state of radioactive contamination of water and bottom sediments of the Kakhovka Reservoir were analyzed in order to assess the possible deterioration of the quality of the environment based on the indicators of radioactive contamination in the zone of influence of the emergency discharge of water due to destruction of the Kakhovka NPP dam by the Russian military. Contamination of the Kakhovka Reservoir with 137Cs occurred mainly through the fallouts of this radionuclide with aerosols on the water surface in May 1986. A much smaller part of this radionuclide transported by water runoff directly from the headwaters of the Dnieper basin. Strontium-90 entered the reservoir exclusively by water pathway starting from October 1986. The steady trends of decreasing activity of both radionuclides in water has been observed since 1987. Approximately to 1996 137Cs activity concentrations had decreased to pre-accident level, 90Sr activity demonstrated a slow decrease and by 2022 remained slightly higher than pre-accidental level. The average levels of contamination of the Kakhovka reservoir bottom with 137Cs and 90Sr turned out to be the lowest compared to the other reservoirs of the Dnieper cascade. It was shown that in 1994 137Cs activity levels were 0.06 Ci/km2(2,2 kBq/m2) on 80% of the bottom surface (submerged former floodplain of the Dnieper) and were lower than on the territory adjacent to the reservoir. In the areas of silt accumulation (former channel of the Dnieper) 137Cs activity was on average three times higher. Balance calculations based on the data of radiation monitoring of water showed that the amount of 137Cs activity in the bottom sediments in the period 1987-2022 halved due to natural radioactive decay, the amount of 90Sr activity decreased by approximately 20%, since activity losses due to natural radioactive decay were partially compensated by the constant supply of this radionuclide with water runoff from the contaminated part of the catchment. After a catastrophic water leak from the reservoir, the Dnieper floodplain had exposed. According to the calculations, the average density of soil contamination of the ехposed areas with 137Cs does not exceed 0.03 Ci/km2 (1,1 kBq/m2), with 90Sr – less than 0.1 Ci/km2 (3,7 kBq/m2). Silt deposits of the former Dnieper channel, which had an increased level of 137Cs contamination, were re-suspended, probably, and carried out into the Dnipro-Bug estuary and further into the Black Sea. However, according to our assumptions, this should not have a negative effect on the radioecological state of the sea, because the 137Cs activity concentrations in the water of north-western part of the Black Sea were always 20-30 times higher than in the Dnieper water.
DEFINITION OF THE NATURALIZED FLOW OF THE DNIPRO USING THE RESTORATION METHOD
Authors:   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Lavrova Т.V. , Voitsekhovych О.V. ,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Korychenskyi K.O. ,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Hinchuk Т.V. ,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Derevets T.G. ,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: October 2024

The article summarizes the results of long-term radioecological monitoring of the environment radioactive state within the former 'Prydniprovsk chemical plant' and adjacent territories at the preparatory stage life cycle of uranium legacy site. Data analysis have been determined the background activity levels of natural radionuclides (in particular 238U, 226Ra, 230Th, 210Pb, 210Po) in soils, underground and surface waters, air (fall density and volume activity), exhalation of 222Rn from the soil surface and its volume activity. The results of the determined dynamics and trends in the formation of pollution of environmental elements, which form the main factors of exposure of workers and the population, are presented. Areas with elevated dose rate (≥0.5 μSv·h-1) occupy more than 30% of the entire legacy site territory. In the soil activity may be 10 to 1000 times higher than background (30-50 Bq·kg-1) and can exceed 1000 times the exemption level. In aerosols 238U and 226Ra activitis exceeding the background (0.1 µBq·m-2·s-1, 11.5 µBq·m3) by 100-200 times only during periods of earthworks, under normal conditions they are up to 1.5-2.0 times. The monthly average activity 222Rn in the air of open space are 4-5 times higher of the background (median 200±68 Bq∙m-3), in some areas they can exceed by up to 50 times. In the buildings premises on the site 222Rn can exceed the reference level (250 Bq∙m-3) by 1-5 times, and in individual basements by up to 100 times. The data analysis proves that main ways of exposure of workers are external gamma radiation, the inhalation exposure routes from aerosol pollution and the spread of OA 222Rn in the air can be significant only for workers work at the legacy site and do not pose a threat to the city's population. Radiation assessment contamination of underground and surface water showed in present conditions aquatic pathways cannot form any significant contributions to the radiation exposure dose of the public. The obtained results and data analysis of monitoring observations were used to substantiate the measures of the remediation strategy legacy site.
Treatment of cows with liver pathology using a liposomal drug based on extract from the fruits of Silybum marianum
Authors: Vlizlo V. , Prystupa O. , Slivinska L. , Gutyj B. , Maksymovych I. , Chernushkin B. , Leno M. , Rusyn V. , Shcherbatyy A. , Lychuk M.
Published: October 2024

After labor, dairy cows are often diagnosed with fatty liver disease. The objective of our study was to identify the efficacy of a liposomal drug based on extract from seeds of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., including tocopheryl acetate, lecithine, squalene, and Twin-80, which was intramuscularly administered to dairy cows to recover the functional state and structure of the liver from the disorder. The experiment involved clinically healthy cows and cows suffering disorders in the main functions and the structure of the liver. The sick cows were treated with intramuscular injections of the drug. Three-time administration of the liposomal drug, with two days interval between each dose, improved the functional condition and the structure of the damaged liver. Biochemical assays of blood of the cows after treatment revealed improvement of the bile-forming and bile-removing functions of the liver, and also removal of cholestasis, as evidenced by decreased concentrations of uric acids, total and conjugated bilirubin, and lower activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in serum. Intramuscular injections of the drug in the sick animals reduced the activities of the hepatospecific mitochondrial enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase in the blood serum, and also the indicatory enzymes aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, indicating recovery of the structure of hepatocytes and cessation of cytolysis. After treatment, the sick cows were observed to have upward tendencies in albumin and glucose, which may be interpreted as recovery of the protein-synthesizing and carbohydrate functions of the liver. However, three-time intramuscular injection of the S. marianum-based liposomal drug did not lead to complete recovery of the functions and the structure of hepatocytes in the cows suffering fatty liver disease, and therefore further research should be carried out, with longer and more complex therapeutic approaches.
Breeding and genetic improvement of spelt wheat (Triticum spelta) by interspecific hybridization
Authors: Diordiieva I. P. , Riabovol I. S. , Riabovol L. O. , Babii M. M. , Fedorenko S. V. , Serzhuk O. P. , Maslovata S. A. , Liubchenko A. I. , Novak Z. M. , Liubchenko I. O.
Published: October 2024

Spelt wheat (Triticum spelta L.) is a high-value grain crop which is characterized by high protein, gluten and aminoacids content, high adaptive potential, resistance to diseases and high antioxidant activity. However, it is significantly inferior to soft wheat in terms of yield capacity. From crosses of spelt and soft wheat new promising genotypes can be obtained with improved quantitative traits due to introgression in the genome of spelt wheat of genetic material of soft wheat. In the research presented here based on hybridization of Triticum spelta L. × Triticum aestivum L. we obtained new forms of spelt which differ among themselves in terms of morphological characteristics, productivity and grain quality. As a result of the conducted research, a wide form-forming process in terms of plant height, ear morphology and grain threshing quality was recorded. The height of plants in F1 hybrids is inherited by the type of dominance of high stemness or intermediate inheritance was established. In the F2–F4 generations, the share of obtaining short-stemmed forms of spelt wheat was higher than with the use of short-stemmed varieties of common wheat as the maternal form. In F2 offspring, the inheritance of threshing quality by the type of dominant epistasis according to the 12 : 3 : 1 scheme was established. In F3–4 offspring, splitting according to ear morphology occurred with the appearance of not only typical forms of spelt wheat or common wheat, but also intermediate forms with different ratios of spike length and density. High-yielding (5.75–5.79 t/ha) short-stemmed (h = 78–89 cm) spelt wheat samples 1817 and 1559 with high grain quality indicators (weight of 1000 grains 64.4 g, protein content – 21.0%, gluten – 43.7%) were identified. Sample 13, which successfully combined high grain quality indicators in particular high protein content (26.2%), gluten content (55.8%), grain hardness (66.5 units), flour strength (340 alveograph units) was selected.
Production and meat quality of broiler chickens with the use of a probiotic complex of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli
Authors: Iakubchak O. M. , Vivych A. Y. , Hryb J. V. , Danylenko S. Н. , Taran T. V.
Published: October 2024

The prohibition of antibacterial agents in animal husbandry has spurred research into the creation and study of new probiotic supplements aimed at normalizing the gut microbiota to ensure colonization resistance of the host organism. This resistance prevents the colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by pathogenic and opportunistic microflora. Scientists from many countries have developed a range of preparations based on the normal gut microbiota, such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, which are used to maintain and restore the biocenosis of the digestive tract. These probiotics are also effective therapeutic and preventive agents for poultry digestive tract diseases, helping correct gut microbiocenosis. In our study, we investigated the impact of the combined probiotic preparation "TIMM-P" on the productive characteristics of poultry and the quality and preservation of broiler chicken meat. This study determined clinical indicators, absolute and average daily weight gains, the meat quality of broiler chickens, and its chemical composition under the influence of the probiotic supplement. It was found that administering "TIMM-P" in courses on days 1–5, 21–25, and 30–35 positively influences the growth of muscle tissue in poultry. Determination of the chemical composition of meat in 42-day-old experimental broiler chickens indicated a significant increase in total protein content in the muscle tissue using the probiotic. Additionally, the absolute and average daily weight gains of the broiler chickens in the experimental group significantly increased during days 15–28 and 29–42 of the study. We observed a significant impact of the probiotic preparation on extending the shelf life of poultry meat based on the study of organoleptic and chemical indicators of broiler chicken meat during refrigerated storage. On the 7th and 9th days of storage, the carcasses of the experimental group that received the probiotic showed a significant decrease in pH levels, acid number, and peroxide number of the fat in the meat. Thus, oral administration of the probiotic preparation increases live weight gains, improves meat quality indicators of broiler chickens, and extends its shelf life. The obtained results have important practical significance as they scientifically substantiate the use of probiotic preparation as a means to preserve livestock, increase live weight gains of broiler chickens, and improve poultry meat quality. Therefore, the complex probiotic preparation "TIMM-P" can be recommended for use in broiler chicken farming.
Peculiarities of water exchange of Quercus robur and Acer campestre in an oak-field maple forest
Authors: Bessonova V. P. , Yakovlieva-Nosar S. O.
Published: October 2024

We studied the physiological and biochemical parameters of water exchange of two broadleaf forest species, Quercus robur L. and Acer campestre L., which grow under different levels of water supply. The study was conducted in the lower third of the northern slope and the middle third of the southern exposure slope in the “Viyskovyi” ravine. It was established that the content of total water in the leaves of Q. robur is higher than that of A. campestre under both mesophilic and xerophilic conditions. In A. campestre, the gradual dehydration of leaves during the growing season is more pronounced. The water-holding capacity of the leaves increases in both species, especially in July and August on the southern exposure slope, which is consistent with changes in the content of hydrophilic colloids. This can be considered as an adaptation of plants against rigorous hydrothermal conditions. The leaves of A. campestre retain water better and are characterized by a greater number of hydrophilic colloids compared to the leaves of Q. robur at different levels of water supply. Under xerophilic growth conditions, the suction power of the cellular junctions of leaves is more significant than under mesophilic conditions. At both experimental sites, this indicator is always higher in case of A. campestre, while the difference is greater only under xerophilic conditions. The increase in suction force in leaf cells occurs in parallel with the increase in soil dryness. The leaves of A. campestre have a greater water deficit and suction power, better water-holding capacity due to a greater content of hydrophilic colloids, and a lower intensity of transpiration. The leaves of Q. robur have a lower water deficit and a lower water-holding capacity, which is based on the ability to resist the lack of moisture by the development of a deep root system that allows water to be absorbed from its deep horizons. The obtained data make it possible to clarify the peculiarities of the water regime of tree species during their simultaneous growth in forest phytocoenoses and adaptation to different levels of soil moisture.
The genus Scilla (Hyacinthaceae) in Armenia (an updated review)
Authors: Oganezova G. G. , Achoyan A. , Aloyan A. , Sargsyan M.
Published: October 2024

The genus Scilla is represented by eight species in Armenia: S. rosenii K. Koch, S. mischtschenkoana Grossh., S. hohenackeri Fisch. & C. A. Mey., S. winogradowii Sosn., S. monanthos K. Koch, S. armena Grossh., S. siberica Haw. and S. caucasica Miscz. There is a great deal of discussion surrounding species growing in Armenia. The scientific literature presents conflicting views on the independence of the species Scilla siberica, S. armena, S. caucasica, S. monanthos and S. winogradowii. The species S. siberica, S. armena, and S. caucasica exhibit morphological similarities that have led to differing interpretations by various authors. Other similar species are S. monanthos and S. winogradowii. The occurrence of S. hohenackeri on the territory of Armenia is uncertain. Consequently, an attempt has been made to clarify the species composition of the Scilla species growing in Armenia and to compile a key for identifying these species. A morphological study of specimens of representatives of the genus Scilla growing on the territory of Armenia revealed previously unnoticed, systematically significant characteristics, such as the colouring of staminal filaments and styles, irregularity of perianth colouring, and anther size. Refinements and additions were made to the morphological descriptions of species of the genus Scilla in the flora of Armenia. Consequently, the species composition of the genus within the territory of Armenia has been considerably updated. According to the results of the obtained data, the independence of the species S. winogradowii, is not accepted, it is considered a synonym of S. monanthos. The independent status of the controversial species S. caucasica and S. armena is maintained. A new population of S. armena has been identified from Mount Aragats, which exhibits morphological and karyological differences from specimens of S. armena from other habitats. The evidence about the presence of S. hohenackeri is considered to be unsubstantiated. It confirmed that six species of the genus Scilla are present in the flora of Armenia: S. armena, S. siberica, S. caucasica, S. monanthos, S. mischtschenkoana and S. rosenii. Additionally, the variety S. siberica var. alba was also identified. A new key for species identification in the Armenian flora was compiled based on the morphological characters.
The involvement of phytohormones in plant–pathogen interaction
Authors: Amrahov N. R. , Aghazada G. A. , Alizada S. R. , Mehdiyeva G. V. , Mammadova R. B. , Alizade S. A. , Mammadov Z. M.
Published: October 2024

Plant–pathogen interactions involve intricate signaling networks that coordinate the plant immune response. Recognition of pathogens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) triggers activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, initiating a cascade of defense mechanisms. Central to these responses is the synthesis of phytohormones such as salicylic acid (SA), auxins–indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and gibberellins–gibberellic acid (GA), pivotal for immune activation. This review explores the multifaceted roles of these phytohormones in plant immunity, drawing on recent findings from Arabidopsis thaliana and Gossypium hirsutum studies. The review discusses MAPK-mediated activation of TGA1/4 (TGACG sequence-specific binding protein 1/4) transcription factors enhancing SA biosynthesis via isochorismate synthase (ICS). Increased SA levels activate NPR1, promoting gene expression in immune-related pathways including systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Concurrently, pathogen-induced IAA synthesis activates auxin-responsive genes crucial for immune responses. Elevated biosynthesis of IAA from L-tryptophan activates these genes by degrading repressor molecules. IAA acts antagonistically to SA, conserving energy during pathogen infection. Additionally, GA is vital for plant growth and development, operating DELLA (Asp–Glu–Leu–Leu–Ala) protein degradation with the formation of a complex with gibberellin insensitive dwarf 1 (GID1). Once DELLA prevents releasing GA-related response reactions, it is extremelly crucial for GA actions. In general, the review explores the intricate interplay between SA, IAA, and GA, highlighting SA's antagonistic regulation of GA signaling and the synergistic effects of auxin and GA. Understanding these hormone–mediated pathways is crucial for elucidating precise mechanisms underlying plant immunity. Insights gained could inform strategies to enhance plant resistance against pathogens, contributing to sustainable agriculture and global food security efforts.
Eco-physiological characteristics of Corylus colurna and Taxus baccata in Armenia under in situ and ex situ conditions
Authors: Hovakimyan Z. H. , Papikyan A. S. , Hayrapetyan N. A. , Hakobyan E. A. , Fayvush G. M. , Gabrielyan I. G.
Published: October 2024

Thanks to the special state policy in Armenia, people's interest in nature has increased. People try to get acquainted with the world of plants not only in nature, but also in botanical gardens. It is very important to include rare and beautiful species of local flora in botanical gardens․ This process sometimes requires acclimatization of the targeted species, for example in case of Corylus colurna L. and Taxus baccata L. Our study highlights for the first time the results of an eco-physiological study (water content, intensity of transpiration and photosynthetic productivity) of two rare woody plant species C. colurna and T. baccata, growing in the wild in Armenia. We investigated the patterns of physiological behavior of the plants under different climatic conditions. Being highly valuable ornamental and rare species, ex situ conservation tools are applied to them in the appropriate structures of the country, among them the mesophyll forest, lower forest and semidesert zones. Obviously, we can conclude that for all indicators our most arid conditions are in the semidesert zone, at the same time often the conditions of the mesophyll forest zone are more favorable than those of the natural localities. The results of this research also show that acclimatization can help these species to be successfully preserved even in places where they grow very poorly under natural conditions or even disappear. According to the results of the studies carried out, it can be concluded that the two studied species at present can be grown in the semidesert zone as well.
Effect of Bidens tripartita leaf supplementation on the organism of rats fed a hypercaloric diet high in fat and fructose
Authors: Lieshchova M. A. , Brygadyrenko V. V.
Published: October 2024

Herbs play an important role in folk medicine, and scientific research has confirmed the properties of their use as an alternative treatment, including the treatment and mild correction of metabolic disorders during disease. Trifid bur-marigold (Bidens tripartita) is a pharmacopoeial herbal raw material that is widely used in clinical practice as an external remedy for skin lesions and as an internal remedy for digestive and respiratory disorders. In this work, the general effect of dried leaves of B. tripartita on physiological activity and metabolic processes in model animals on a high-calorie diet was determined. For the experiment, three groups of 18 male white laboratory rats were formed and fed a hypercaloric diet (increased fat content and 20% fructose solution instead of water) for 27 days, in addition to 0.4% and 4.0% dried leaves of B. tripartita. The consumption of 0.4% and 4.0% of the medicinal plant resulted in a significant delay in the body weight gain and the average daily weight gain of the rats compared to the control group. Dried leaves of B. tripartita in the diet of rats decreased the relative weight of the thymus and increased the relative weight of the brain, and at a dose of 4.0%, increased the relative weight of the lungs and individual large intestines (cecum and colon). Dietary supplementation with B. tripartita caused an increase in globulin concentration and changes in protein coefﬁcient. Blood parameters such as: urea, urea nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus, glucose and bilirubin levels changed depending on the dose. In the general blood test, consumption of dried leaves of B. tripartita caused a decrease in hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration and platelet count, but increased the number of eosinophils. Bidens tripartita at both concentrations significantly increased ALT activity with a corresponding change in the blood De Ritis ratio. The addition of 20 g of B. tripartita leaves to the diet increased alkaline phosphatase activity and decreased alpha-amylase activity, while 200 g increased blood gamma-glutamyltransferase activity. At the end of the experiment, the rats' orientation activity, determined in the open field, changed according to the herb dose consumed: 0.4% leaves caused an increase and 4.0% a decrease. Physical activity was reduced and emotional state increased, regardless of the dose of dried B. tripartita leaves, compared to the control group of animals. The results obtained show that the addition of B. tripartita dried leaves as a dietary supplement to a high-calorie diet is safe, does not cause pathological changes or side effects, and has a significant effect on metabolic processes. This provides theoretical support for the use of B. tripartita dried leaves in the manufacture of nutraceutical and pharmacological products for the correction of metabolic disorders in humans and animals. The doses and duration of their application require further studies.