bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous readout of multiple FRET pairs using photochromism
Authors: Roebroek Thijs , Vandenberg Wim , Sipieter François , Hugelier Siewert , Stove Christophe , Zhang Jin , Dedecker Peter
Published: January 2021

Förster resonant energy transfer (FRET) is a powerful mechanism to probe associationsin situ. Simultaneously performing more than one FRET measurement can be challenging due to the spectral band-width required for the donor and acceptor fluorophores. We present an approach to distinguish overlapping FRET pairs based on the photochromism of the donor fluorophores, even if the involved fluorophores display essentially identical absorption and emission spectra. We develop the theory underlying this method and validate our approach using numerical simulations. To apply our system, we develop rsAKARev, a photochromic biosensor for cAMP-dependent kinase (PKA), and combine it with the spectrally-identical biosensor EKARev, a reporter for ERK kinase activity, to deliver simultaneous readout of both activities in the same cell. We further perform multiplexed PKA, ERK, and calcium measurements by including a third, spectrally-shifted biosensor. Our work demonstrates that exploiting donor photochromism in FRET can be a powerful approach to simultaneously read out multiple associations within living cells.
TRPM2 ion channels steer neutrophils towards a source of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Morad Hassan , Luqman Suaib , Tan Chun-Hsiang , Swann Victoria , McNaughton Peter A.
Published: January 2021

Neutrophils must navigate accurately towards pathogens in order to destroy invaders and thus defend our bodies against infection. Here we show that hydrogen peroxide, a potent neutrophil chemoattractant, guides chemotaxis by activating calcium-permeable TRPM2 ion channels and thus generating an intracellular leading-edge calcium “pulse”. The thermal sensitivity of TRPM2 activation means that chemotaxis towards hydrogen peroxide is strongly promoted by small temperature elevations, suggesting that an important function of fever may be to enhance neutrophil chemotaxis by facilitating calcium influx through TRPM2. Chemotaxis towards conventional chemoattractants such as LPS, CXCL2 and C5a does not depend on TRPM2 but is driven in a similar way by leading-edge calcium pulses. Other proposed initiators of neutrophil movement, such as PI3K, Rac andlyn, influence chemotaxis by modulating the amplitude of calcium pulses. We propose that intracellular leading-edge calcium pulses are universal drivers of the motile machinery involved in neutrophil chemotaxis.
Expression and processing of polycistronic artificial microRNAs andtrans-acting siRNAs inSolanum lycopersicumandNicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Lunardon Alice , Kariuki Samwel Muiruri , Axtell Michael J.
Published: January 2021

Targeted gene silencing using small regulatory RNAs is a widely used technique for genetic studies in plants. Artificial microRNAs are one common approach; they have the advantage of producing just a single functional small RNA which can be designed for high target specificity and low off-target effects. Simultaneous silencing of multiple targets with artificial microRNAs can be achieved by producing polycistronic microRNA precursors. Alternatively, specializedtrans-acting short interfering RNA (tasiRNA) precursors can be designed to produce several specific tasiRNAs at once. Here we tested several artificial microRNA- and tasiRNA-based methods for multiplexed gene silencing inSolanum lycopersicum(tomato) andNicotiana benthamiana. Small RNA sequencing analyses revealed that many previously described approaches resulted in poor small RNA processing. The 5’-most microRNA precursor hairpins on polycistronic artificial microRNA precursors were generally processed more accurately than precursors at the 3’ end. Polycistronic artificial microRNAs where the hairpin precursors were separated by transfer RNAs had the best processing precision. Strikingly, artificial tasiRNA precursors failed to be processed in the expected phased manner in our system. These results highlight the need for further development of multiplexed artificial microRNA and tasiRNA strategies. The importance of small RNA sequencing, as opposed to single-target assays such as RNA blots or real-time PCR, is also discussed.

Significance statement

Several strategies for multiplexed gene silencing using artificial microRNAs or tasiRNAs have been described. We find that many result in imprecise processing, and thus low accumulation of the intended small RNAs. Our findings highlight the importance of small RNA sequencing to fully analyze gene silencing experiments, and also the need for continued methodological development of these methods.
Disciplinary differences in the language needs of engineering students in Iran: a cross-disciplinary analysis
Authors: Gholaminejad Razieh
Published: January 2021

Purpose

Although English for academic purposes (EAP) courses are vital components of engineering disciplines in the universities of Iran, studies investigating engineering students' English language needs are infrequent, and even more infrequent are studies comparing how the students of different engineering disciplines vary in their English language needs. Research demonstrates that students of different disciplines have different language needs, which requires competency in different language skills (Soruç et al., 2018). However, in the majority of Iranian universities, students of different engineering disciplines are taught similar subskills, through similar teaching methodologies and textbooks. With the twofold purpose of identification and comparison of the students' language needs and weaknesses, this study focuses on the perceptions of Iranian students of electrical, mechanical and chemical engineering at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels of their present language abilities and target-situation language needs.

Design/methodology/approach

Online surveys regarding language needs and self-assessments were completed by 194 undergraduate students and 189 postgraduate students studying at Sharif University.

Findings

While only educational level was found to have a significant effect on the perceptions of the respondents of their target needs, both educational level and discipline had a significant effect on the perceptions of the students of their present level of language proficiency. Furthermore, almost equal attention to the four language skills were considered necessary by the respondents, who also held that the number of credits devoted to the EAP courses was insufficient. A further finding was that the majority of the undergraduates required that the EAP courses be oriented toward English for specific purposes (ESP), whereas almost half of the postgraduates preferred that the EAP classes be geared toward general English.

Originality/value

Researchers have so far analyzed the language needs of students of a number of academic disciplines. This study adds to the existing literature of needs-analysis by comparing the engineering students' present abilities and target language needs. This study is different from the existing publications on language needs-analysis in two ways. First, through a comparative perspective, a profile of engineering students' language needs is obtained, which can serve as a new database for curriculum developers and material designers of engineering programs. Second, investigating whether the students' perceptions of their language needs are affected by their educational levels and disciplines is a topic for which there is little information at present.
Disseminating early years research: an illustrative case study
Authors: O’Connor Siobhan , McGilloway Sinead , Hickey Grainne , Barwick Melanie
Published: January 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to outline a knowledge translation (KT) case study undertaken as part of a multi-component research programme aimed at evaluating new parenting supports in the earliest years. The study aimed to: explore the influencing factors relating to research use in an early years context; and to use the findings, at least in part, to execute an integrated KT plan – to promote stakeholder engagement, greater research visibility and to enhance the understanding of findings emerging from the research programme.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed-methods study was embedded within a large-scale, longitudinal research programme. In the present study, a national survey (n= 162) was administered to stakeholders working with children and families throughout Ireland. A series of one-to-one interviews were also undertaken (n= 37) to amplify the survey findings. Also, one focus group was carried out with parents (n= 8) and one with members of the research team (n= 3). Several dissemination strategies were concurrently developed, executed and evaluated, based partly on survey and interview findings and guided by the knowledge translation planning template (Barwick, 2008; 2013; 2019).

Findings

The main factors influencing the dissemination of evidence, as identified by the stakeholders – were: a lack of resources; an under-developed understanding of research use and dissemination; insufficient collaboration and communication; and conflicting stakeholder priorities. Despite these challenges, the research programme was found to benefit from a multi-component KT plan to achieve the outlined dissemination goals.

Practical implications

The KT planning process allowed the research team to be more accountable, introspective and to work more efficiently. This helped increase the likelihood of more targeted and successful dissemination of the research findings, delivering a better return on research investment.

Originality/value

This is the first study of its kind (to our knowledge) to provide important insights for stakeholders in Ireland and elsewhere about how to improve the dissemination process. Effective KT planning can ultimately help to bridge the research-policy-practice gap and enable the effective translation of high-quality evidence in the early years’ sector to enhance outcomes for families in the shorter and longer-term.
Assessment of the accuracy of an intermittent‐scanning continuous glucose monitoring device in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing hemodialysis (AIDT2H) study
Authors: Toyoda Masao , Murata Takashi , Saito Nobumichi , Kimura Moritsugu , Takahashi Hiroo , Ishida Naoto , Kitamura Makoto , Hida Miho , Hayashi Akinori , Moriguchi Ibuki , Kobayashi Naoyuki , Tsuriya Daisuke , Sakao Yukitoshi , Matsushita Takaya , Ito Yukie , Suzuki Shota , Kasama Shu , Kasahara Masato , Yamakawa Tadashi , Mori Katsuhito , Kuroda Akio , Miura Junnosuke , Hirota Yushi , Abe Masanori , Fukagawa Masafumi , Sakane Naoki , Hosoda Kiminori
Published: January 2021

FreeStyle Libre has been approved for use in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) in Japan, unlike Europe and the United States; however, evidence regarding its accuracy in such patients is sparse. Forty‐one participants with type 2 diabetes undergoing HD were recruited. The overall mean absolute relative difference and mean absolute difference were 23.4% and 33.9 mg/dL, respectively. Sensor glucose levels and capillary glucose levels were significantly correlated (r = 0.858, P < .01), although the sensor glucose levels were significantly lower than the capillary glucose levels. The accuracy of FreeStyle Libre in patients undergoing HD became deteriorated with the days of usage. The percentage of sensor results in Zones A and B in the consensus error grid analysis and in the Clarke error grid analysis were 99.7% and 99.0%, respectively. Its insufficient accuracy necessitates adjunct usage of FreeStyle Libre with self‐monitoring of blood glucose in patients undergoing HD.
The association of TV viewing time with 2‐hour plasma glucose is modified by a prudent dietary pattern
Authors: Cao Yingting , Dunstan David W. , Sethi Parneet , Owen Neville
Published: January 2021

Background

TV viewing is associated with elevated plasma glucose, but it is not clear whether such associations can be modified by dietary patterns.

Methods

We examined the interactions of TV viewing time and dietary patterns in relation to fasting and 2‐hour plasma glucose. Cross‐sectional analyses were performed among participants (N = 3081; 44.7% male; mean age 57.8 years) from the 2011 to 2012 Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab) without clinically diagnosed diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Factor analysis (principal component) was conducted to identify dietary patterns. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine distinct associations of TV viewing time and dietary patterns with fasting and 2‐hour plasma glucose. Dichotomous TV viewing time (low: ≤ 2 h/d vs high: >2 h/d) and quartiles of dietary patterns were further combined to examine the joint associations with plasma glucose.

Results

Three dietary patterns were identified: prudent, Western, and mixed. TV viewing time was positively associated (β = .01, P < .05) and the prudent dietary pattern was inversely associated (β = −.03, P < .05) with log transformed 2‐hour plasma glucose. Compared with participants with high TV viewing/lowest prudent dietary pattern, participants with low TV viewing/highest prudent diet had the lowest 2‐hour plasma glucose (β = −.05, P = .028). No interactions were found between TV viewing time and the Western dietary pattern, nor the mixed dietary pattern, in relation to either fasting or 2‐hour plasma glucose.

Conclusions

Following a prudent dietary pattern may attenuate the adverse effect of TV viewing on 2‐hour plasma glucose. Prospective studies and intervention trials are needed to further clarify these relationships.
Melflufen plus dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: long‐term survival follow‐up from the Phase II study O‐12‐M1
Authors: Bringhen Sara , Voorhees Peter M. , Plesner Torben , Mellqvist Ulf‐Henrik , Reeves Brandi , Sonneveld Pieter , Byrne Catriona , Nordström Eva , Harmenberg Johan , Obermüller Jakob , Richardson Paul G.
Published: January 2021

An updated survival analysis was conducted for the Phase II study O‐12‐M1 of melphalan flufenamide (melflufen) plus dexamethasone in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) with two or more prior lines of therapy (including bortezomib and lenalidomide). Partial response or better was seen in 31%. After a 46‐month median overall survival (OS) follow‐up, melflufen plus dexamethasone had a median OS of 20·7 months (75th percentile OS, 47·5 months). The median time‐to‐next treatment for melflufen plus dexamethasone was 7·9 months. In summary, melflufen plus dexamethasone resulted in sustained long‐term clinical benefit in patients with RRMM.
Patterns of urgent hoarseness referrals to ENT—When should we be suspicious of cancer?
Authors: Douglas Catriona M , Middleton Crawford , Sim Pauline , Wight Megan , Young David , MacKenzie Kenneth , Montgomery Jenny
Published: January 2021

Background

Current UK referral criteria stipulate that hoarseness should be persistent to merit 2 week wait (2WW) or urgent suspicion of cancer (USOC) referral. This study delineates patterns of hoarseness presentation with a view to assisting referral pathways, and whereby reassurance could be provided.

Methods

A pre‐existing database of patients referred with hoarseness under the urgent suspicion of cancer (USOC) category was analysed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on a variety of demographic and comorbid features to produce odds ratios (OR) of features either related or not related to laryngeal cancer.

Results

Of 698 consecutive hoarseness referrals were studied. In these referrals there were 506(73%) with persistent hoarseness and 192(27%) with intermittent hoarseness. The most significant patient variables related to laryngeal cancer were persistent hoarseness (OR 4.97), recreational drug use (OR 4.94), male gender (OR 4.01) and weight loss (OR 3.75). Significant patient variables present not related to laryngeal cancer diagnosis were intermittent hoarseness (OR 0.2), the presence of cough (OR 0.2), globus sensation (OR 0.25) and recent viral infection (OR 0.29).

Conclusion

The strongest association with cancer is seen in patients that are persistently hoarse. Patients with fluctuating hoarseness do not need an “urgent suspicion of cancer” referral. Additional demographic referral information could help to streamline the referral of these patients, and reassure others.
An international study of public contact with people who have an intellectual disability
Authors: McConkey R. , Slater P. , Dubois L. , Shellard A. , Smith A.
Published: January 2021

Background

People with intellectual disability (ID) are often socially isolated, and many experience stigma and discrimination. Increased contact with the general public is thought to overcome prejudices. This large‐scale international study had three main aims: to determine the type and frequency of contact that the general public has with people with ID; to identify the personal characteristics of those who have greater contact; and to examine the public's level of comfort at the prospect of having contact with people with ID.

Method

Self‐completed online questionnaires were administered to nationally representative panels of respondents in 17 countries; totally 24 504 persons. Multivariate analyses were used to identify respondents more likely to have had frequent personal contact with persons with ID from those with infrequent or no contact and those respondents who were most comfortable at meeting a person with ID.

Results

Internationally around one in four of the general population reports having frequent personal contact with people who have an ID although this varied from 7% in Japan to 46% in Panama. The principal forms of contact were through friendships, neighbours or extended family members. Over all countries, volunteering and engagement with Special Olympics were the two main predictors of frequent personal contact followed by employment in the education, health or social care field, being a parent of children under 18 years, playing sports and being employed. People who reported frequent personal contact were also more comfortable at meeting a person with ID.

Conclusions

This international dataset provides a baseline against which public contact can be compared across countries and changes monitored over time. The findings suggest ways in which greater contact can be promoted and making the public more comfortable at meeting people with ID.
CircRNA DNA methyltransferase 1 silence inhibits breast cancer development by regulating micoRNA‐485‐3p/zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 1 axis
Authors: Xie Chen , Li Junyu , Xu Chen , Xiong Wenmin , Yuan Xia
Published: January 2021

Background

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are associated with tumorigenesis of breast cancer. Nevertheless, how and whether circRNA DNA methyltransferase 1 (circ‐DNMT1) controls breast cancer development remains poorly understood.

Methods

The paired tumor and paracancer tissues (n = 41) were obtained from breast cancer patients. Circ‐DNMT1, microRNA (miR)‐485‐3p, and zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) abundances were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Cell colony formation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were analyzed by colony formation analysis, transwell analysis, and flow cytometry. Target relationship was evaluated via dual‐luciferase reporter analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation, and pull‐down. The in vivo experiments were conducted using a xenograft model.

Results

Circ‐DNMT1 and ZEB1 levels were upregulated in breast cancer, and miR‐485‐3p was downregulated. Circ‐DNMT1 knockdown restrained cell colony formation, migration, and invasion and increased apoptosis. MiR‐485‐3p was negatively regulated by circ‐DNMT1, and miR‐485‐3p knockdown mitigated the effect of circ‐DNMT1 silence on breast cancer development. ZEB1 was targeted via miR‐485‐3p, miR‐485‐3p overexpression repressed cell colony formation, migration, and invasion and triggered apoptosis by decreasing ZEB1. Circ‐DNMT1 silence reduced ZEB1 expression via regulating miR‐485‐3p. Circ‐DNMT1 knockdown reduced xenograft tumor growth.

Conclusion

Circ‐DNMT1 knockdown constrains breast cancer development via modulating miR‐485‐3p/ZEB1 axis.
Conservative management of grade 2 stage IA endometrial carcinoma and literature review
Authors: Shan Weiwei , Wu Pengfei , Yang Bingyi , Zhang Hongwei , Sun Li , Lv Qiaoying , Luo Xuezhen , Cheng Yali , Zhu Qin , Chen Xiaojun
Published: January 2021

Purpose

To explore the clinical outcomes of megestrol acetate alone or plus metformin in young women with grade 2 stage IA endometrial carcinoma who ask for preserved fertility.

Methods

Patients with stage IA grade 2 endometrial carcinoma who asked for fertility‐sparing treatment in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University between 2015 and 2017 were enrolled and retrospectively reviewed.

Results

Four patients were included and treated with oral megestrol acetate (160 mg per day), while metformin (500 mg, thrice daily) was added for patients with metabolic syndrome. Regular hysteroscopic examination was performed every 3 months during the conservative treatment. Overall, 75% (3/4) of the patients had a complete response, one relapsed and achieved a complete response after changing the therapy plan, and one patient had an indication of myometrial invasion during fertility‐sparing treatment and chose to remove uterus.

Conclusions

Fertility‐sparing treatment for stage IA grade 2 endometrial carcinoma patients is worth exploration. Megestrol acetate with or without metformin combined with hysteroscopic lesion ablation may be an effective therapy.
A comparison of farming‐ and non‐farming‐related suicides from the United States’ National Violent Deaths Reporting System, 2003–2016
Authors: Kennedy Alison , Cerel Julie , Kheibari Athena , Leske Stuart , Watts James
Published: January 2021

Farmers are at higher risk of suicide than other occupations and the general population. The complex suicide risk factors have not been examined in a large, population‐wide study across a significant time period. This observational study draws on existing data from the United States’ National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS), including 140,523 farming‐ or non‐farming‐related suicide decedents between 2003 and 2016 from across 40 states. “Farming‐related” decedents included 2,801 suicides. Farmers had higher odds of being male, older, less well‐educated, and American Indian/Alaska Native. Farmers had higher odds of using firearms and—when farmers used a gun—higher odds of using a long‐arm weapon. Farmers had lower odds of having a known mental health condition or job problem, and lower odds of having made a previous suicide attempt or leaving a suicide note. Findings highlight the complexity of suicide risk within the context of farming in the United States and reinforce the need for tailored prevention efforts; employing means restriction of firearms; and emphasizing that traditional risk factors may not be as common in the farming population.
Analytical Solution of Aluminum Alloy Plates With Holes Subjected to Cold Expansion With Reverse Yielding
Authors: Bouzid Abdel-Hakim , Touahri Hacène , Benfriha Khaled
Published: January 2021

The expansion induced by cold working is a common process that generates residual stresses. It is used when fatigue damage accumulation and life reduction of aluminum alloy perforated plates is an issue in the aeronautics industry. This process is an attractive solution to extend the fatigue lifetime of these structures. It aims at generating residual stresses and increases thereby the strength of hollow parts including aluminum alloy plates with holes commonly used in the manufacture of airplane fuselage. Unfortunately, the life predictions require a good prediction of the residual stresses and in particular when reverse yielding takes place. An analytical model to predict the residual stresses induced during the expansion process due to the cold strain hardening is developed. The proposed analytical model is based on an elasto-plastic behavior, with a power law material behavior and relies on the theory of autofrettaged thick wall cylinders in plane strain state to which reverse yielding is incorporated. The application of Hencky theory of plastic deformation is used in the analytical calculations of the stresses and strains. Finite element numerical simulation is used to validate the developed analytical model by comparison of the radial, hoop, longitudinal, and equivalent stresses for both the loading and unloading phases. The obtained results show clearly that the level of residual stresses depend mainly on the interference and strain hardening while reverse yielding reduces the stresses near the hole.
Lens mediated scattering of sound by sound with finite aperture beams
Authors: Dimant Yair , Roger-Eitan Iris , Gleizer Anna
Published: January 2021

An experimental concept for measuring sound-sound scattering of finite aperture acoustic beams in a water tank facility is presented. In order to achieve a measurable effect, the beams are collimated within their intersection domain by a focusing acoustic lens. A paraxial quasi-linear split step simulation tool has been developed and used in order to determine and optimize experiment setup parameters. The scattered part of the difference frequency field was measured and found to be compatible with simulations. Furthermore, the primary beams were also monitored in order to guarantee full compatibility with simulated propagation and compare the measured difference field with the overlap contribution. A spatially coherent post processing filtering was applied in order to improve the signal to noise ratio. A distinct clear scattering peak in the difference field has been identified propagating with the predicted off axis tilt angle.
Viral evolution may herald new pandemic phase
Authors: Kupferschmidt Kai
Published: January 2021

Scientists worry about another "very, very bad" wave, argue for stricter control measures.
Play breeds better thinkers
The Intellectual Lives of Children
Susan Engel
Harvard University Press, 2021. 240 pp.
Authors: Hirsh-Pasek Kathy
Published: January 2021

Children need unstructured exploration and time to tackle problems that interest them
A New Hierarchy for Automaton Semigroups
Authors: Bartholdi Laurent , Godin Thibault , Klimann Ines , Noûs Camille , Picantin Matthieu
Published: January 2021

We define a new strict and computable hierarchy for the family of automaton semigroups, which reflects the various asymptotic behaviors of the state-activity growth. This hierarchy extends that given by Sidki for automaton groups, and also gives new insights into the latter. Its exponential part coincides with a notion of entropy for some associated automata.

We prove that the Order Problem is decidable whenever the state-activity is bounded. The Order Problem remains open for the next level of this hierarchy, that is, when the state-activity is linear. Gillibert showed that it is undecidable in the whole family.

We extend the aforementioned hierarchy via a semi-norm making it more coarse but somehow more robust and we prove that the Order Problem is still decidable for the first two levels of this alternative hierarchy.
A Real-Time Learning-Based Super-Resolution System on FPGA
Authors: Zha Daolu , Jin Xi , Shang Rui , Yang Pengfei
Published: January 2021

This paper proposes a real-time super-resolution (SR) system. The proposed system performs a fast SR algorithm that generates a high-resolution image from a low-resolution image using direct regression functions with an up-scaling factor of 2. This algorithm contained two processes: feature learning and SR image prediction. The feature learning stage is performed offline, in which several regression functions were trained. The SR image prediction stage is implemented on the proposed system to generate high-resolution image patches. The system implemented on a Xilinx Virtex 7 field-programmable gate array achieves output resolution of [Formula: see text] (UHD) at 85 fps and 700Mpixels/s throughput. Structure similarity (SSIM) is measured for image quality. Experimental results show that the proposed system provides high image quality for real-time applications. And the proposed system possesses high scalability for resolution.
Deviations of R2 cosmology from the Einstein’s General Relativity
Authors: Arbuzova E. V.
Published: January 2021

The cosmological history of the universe in the [Formula: see text] gravity is studied starting from the “very beginning” up to the present time. The primordial inflationary expansion of the universe is considered and it is shown that the gravitational particle production by the oscillating curvature, [Formula: see text], led to a consistent transition to the Friedmann cosmology, but the cosmological evolution in the early universe strongly differed from the standard one. It is shown that the effects of gravitational production of particles had a significant influence on the evolution of the universe.
Malnutrition in School-Going Adolescents in Dessie Town, South Wollo, Ethiopia
Authors: Mulu Birru Gizachew , Eshete Tadesse Sisay , Hassen Abate Kalkidan , Mekonnen Tefera Chane , Genetu Chane Muluken
Published: January 2021

Background. Malnutrition among adolescents is a global public health problem. Nutrient intake is a proxy measure of nutritional status, but studies in developing countries describing the actual nutrient intake condition associated with nutrition in the adolescents are limited. On top of this, there is inconsistent finding on the extent of malnutrition among adolescents. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess malnutrition and the associated factors among adolescents at Dessie high school. Methods. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 365 randomly selected high school adolescents. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from previous literature studies. Nutrient intakes were estimated by ESHA food processor software from a 24-hour recall, and anthropometric indices were calculated from weight, height, age, and sex. The data analysis was managed by SPSS version 23. Binary logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression were used to report the associated factors of malnutrition. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI was used to reveal the presence of statistical association. Results. The percentage of being stunted, underweight, and overweight/obese was 15.7%, 6.3%, and 8.2%, respectively. Snack consumption (AOR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.71) was negatively associated with stunting, while MAR <1 (AOR = 3.36, 95% CI: 1.15, 7.82) was positively associated with stunting. Being a male (AOR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.03, 7.44) and meal consumption <3 times per day (AOR = 4.21, 95% CI: 1.35, 13.11) were factors positively associated with being underweight/thin. Dietary diversity score <5 (AOR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.89) was negatively associated with overweight/obesity, while MAR < 1 (AOR = 3.14, 95% CI: 1.09, 9.09) was positively associated with overweight/obesity. Conclusion. The percent of overweight/obesity among adolescents in the study area was higher compared with the national and regional prevalence, and this was found to be a public health concern. Therefore, increasing snack consumption, sex consideration, increasing meal consumption, and intake of diversified foods should be included in the prevention strategies of malnutrition among adolescents.
Lie Symmetry Analysis, Exact Solutions, and Conservation Laws for the Generalized Time-Fractional KdV-Like Equation
Authors: El Bahi Maria Ihsane , Hilal Khalid
Published: January 2021

In this paper, the problem of constructing the Lie point symmetries group of the nonlinear partial differential equation appeared in mathematical physics known as the generalized KdV-Like equation is discussed. By using the Lie symmetry method for the generalized KdV-Like equation, the point symmetry operators are constructed and are used to reduce the equation to another fractional ordinary differential equation based on Erdélyi-Kober differential operator. The symmetries of this equation are also used to construct the conservation Laws by applying the new conservation theorem introduced by Ibragimov. Furthermore, another type of solutions is given by means of power series method and the convergence of the solutions is provided; also, some graphics of solutions are plotted in 3D.
Hadamard Inequalities for Stronglyα,m-Convex Functions via Caputo Fractional Derivatives
Authors: Dong Yanliang , Zeb Muhammad , Farid Ghulam , Bibi Sidra
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we present two versions of the Hadamard inequality forα,mconvex functions via Caputo fractional derivatives. Several related results are analyzed for convex andm-convex functions along with their refinements and generalizations. The error bounds of the Hadamard inequalities are established by applying some known identities.
Treatment of Severe Tumoral Calcinosis with Teriparatide in a Dialysis Patient after Total Parathyroidectomy
Authors: Sin Ho-Kwan , Wong Ping-Nam , Lo Kin-Yee , Lo Man-Wai , Chan Shuk-Fan , Lo Kwok-Chi , Wong Yuk-Yi , Ho Lo-Yi , Kwok Wing-Tung , Chan Kai-Chun , Wong Andrew Kui-Man , Mak Siu-Ka
Published: January 2021

Tumoral calcinosis is a rare but debilitating condition that can affect dialysis patients. Optimal management is largely unknown. We report the clinical course, treatment, and outcome of a peritoneal dialysis (PD) patient who developed tumoral calcinosis refractory to conventional treatment but improved with teriparatide therapy. A 26-year-old lady on PD for 2 years presented to us with tumoral calcinosis involving bilateral hands. Response to surgical excision, parathyroidectomy, and conversion to hemodialysis failed to result in sustained remission, and tumoral calcinosis progressed. After total parathyroidectomy, the patient had transient but partial remission in which her calcinosis deposits remained but were asymptomatic without pain or clinical signs of inflammation. However, she later experienced a relapse with involvement of the left elbow, right shoulder, right hip, and right thigh. Tumoral calcinosis remained uncontrolled resulting in debilitation, likely attributable to poor calcium and phosphate control because of adynamic bone disease after parathyroidectomy despite treatment of superimposed tuberculosis and therapy with sodium thiosulphate and pamidronic acid. Clinical improvement was however evident after the use of teriparatide. Asymptomatic hypocalcemia occurred after teriparatide therapy but resolved after 2 months. In conclusion, teriparatide appears to be useful for treating tumoral calcinosis in the presence of adynamic bone disease. Hypocalcemia can occur in the initial months of therapy.
Kimura’s Disease: A Rare Cause of Unilateral Tonsillar Enlargement
Authors: Khanal Prakash , Shrestha Agya
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Kimura’s disease is a rare inflammatory disorder of unknown cause, commonly seen in young Asian males. Case Report. A 61-year-old male patient presented with a history of right tonsillar mass and cervical lymphadenopathy. The patient underwent hematological investigation and imaging followed by resection of tonsillar mass. Based on histopathological and subsequent immunohistochemistry reports, the case was diagnosed as Kimura’s disease of the tonsil. Discussion. Kimura’s disease commonly presents as painless subcutaneous masses in the head and neck region or cervical lymphadenopathy. Kimura’s disease presenting as a tonsillar mass is a very rare condition. Patients usually have peripheral eosinophilia and elevated levels of serum IgE. The diagnosis is based on the clinical and histopathologic findings in a biopsy of the mass and/or lymph node along with elevated peripheral eosinophil and serum IgE level. Conclusion. The clinical presentation of Kimura’s disease is highly variable. Kimura’s disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with a tonsillar mass. A high index of suspicion along with histopathological examination helps in the early diagnosis and management. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice.
Deep Camera‐Aware Metric Learning for Person Reidentification
Authors: Liu Wei , Liang Ping , Liu Lei , Hao Zhiqiang , Xu Xin
Published: January 2021

Person reidentification (re‐id) suffers from a challenging issue due to the significant inconsistency of the camera network, including position, view, and brands. In this paper, we propose a deep camera‐aware metric learning (DCAML) model, where images on the identity‐level spaces are further projected into different camera‐level subspaces, which can explore the inherent relationship between identity and camera. Furthermore, we exploit dynamic training strategy to jointly multiple metrics for identity‐camera relationship learning and thus consumedly elevating the retrieval accuracy. Extensive experiments on the three public datasets demonstrated that our method performs competitive results compared to the state‐of‐the‐art person re‐id methods.
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Presenting with Bilateral Orbital Apex Syndrome
Authors: Murai Yusuke , Kurimoto Takuji , Mori Sotaro , Ueda Kaori , Sakamoto Mari , Akashi Kengo , Yamada-Nakanishi Yuko , Nakamura Makoto
Published: January 2021

We report a rare case of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) presenting with bilateral orbital apex syndrome (OAS). A 73-year-old woman with a history of endoscopic sinus surgery for ethmoidal sinusitis experienced a sudden decrease in visual acuity (VA) of both eyes. At the initial examination, her VA had decreased to 0.01 in the right eye and 0.03 in the left eye, and eye movement in both eyes was mildly limited in all directions. Visual field tests of both eyes showed a large central scotoma. Laboratory tests revealed an elevation of myeloperoxidase-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody. Facial computed tomography demonstrated a thickened mucosal membrane in the entire ethmoidal sinus, and the posterosuperior walls of Onodi cells filled with infiltrative lesions had thinned. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging showed severe inflammation in the orbital apex. From these clinical findings, the patient was diagnosed with GPA presenting with OAS associated with ethmoid sinusitis. Emergent endoscopic sinus surgery was performed for biopsy and debridement of the ethmoidal and sphenoid sinusitis to decompress the optic nerve. One day after endoscopic sinus surgery, the patient’s VA and visual field were improved, and steroid pulse therapy was commenced postoperatively. Four days later, VA had recovered to 1.0 in both eyes, and eye movement and visual field had were improved. Although OAS is a rare manifestation, early surgical treatment should be considered when the orbital lesion presents as risk of rapid deterioration of visual function in patients with GPA.
Ceticismo nas Relações Internacionais: o caso europeu
Authors: Martins Estevão Chaves de Rezende
Published: January 2021

O ceticismo aparece na cena política e social internacional na forma de uma descrença crescente, entre os cidadãos, quanto ao sistema político – notadamente quanto à democracia mesma – à forma de governar e às relações entre os Estados. Na Europa, tal ceticismo atinge o cerne mesmo da construção europeia e as oscilações da opinião pública, como captadas pelo Eurobarômetro, apontam para os riscos de tal instabilidade.
História e Relações Internacionais: o caso do Brasil
Authors: Visentini Paulo Fagundes
Published: January 2021

Na historiografia brasileira e mundial, a História Diplomática deu lugar à História das Relações Internacionais. Todavia, ambas têm caminhado paralelamente, com periodizações próprias e dissociadas, sem dialogar apropriadamente. O presente artigo busca associar ambas as periodizações, posicionando o Brasil dentro da História das Relações Internacionais mundiais, desde a fase colonial até o século XXI.
“Agora ou nunca!” - O imperador Guilherme II e a Primeira Guerra Mundial
Authors: Dopcke Wolfgang
Published: January 2021

Este artigo discute o papel do Imperador Guilherme II da Alemanha, e sua responsabilidade pessoal na eclosão da Primeira Guerra Mundial. A primeira parte dedica-se à representação da polêmica personalidade do Kaiser, que, já na época, foi caraterizado como “psicopata imperial” e “césar megalomânico”. Porém, ficará claro que, nas grandes crises internacionais antes de 1914, o Imperador se revelou menos belicista do que o esperado com base nessa sua imagem. Foi na Crise de Julho (1914) que a personalidade de Guilherme II impactou realmente a história mundial. Em dois momentos-chaves da Crise de Julho, a postura do Kaiser contribuiu de forma fundamental para colocar a Alemanha no caminho da confrontação armada. No dia 5 de julho, espontaneamente e em um surto de megalomania autocrática, ele sancionou a guerra austro-sérvia e, em seguida, pressionou o seu aliado austríaco a logo pegar em armas. Nessa ocasião, foi dominado por sua marcialidade, seu militarismo e seu autoritarismo, bem como pelo lado impulsivo e imprevisível de seu caráter. Quando a guerra contra a Rússia se tornou uma possibilidade real, ele ficou atemorizado e apresentou seu “plano pela paz”. Nesse segundo momento, porém, quando tinha ainda o destino de paz ou guerra em suas mãos, fracassou, e mostrou o outro lado da sua personalidade: a insegurança, a falta de coragem e liderança e a susceptibilidade a pressões e manipulações por terceiros. Rapidamente o Imperador se entregou às manipulações do seu chanceler e ao boicote austríaco de sua proposta. No final, rendeu-se ao cálculo da dinâmica das necessidades militares, defendido pelos sues generais. Conclui-se que, embora o Kaiser não quisesse a “grande guerra”, sua responsabilidade em colocar a Alemanha a caminho desse confronto foi imensa.
Os anos de formação na Europa, 1964-1970
Authors: Rolland Denis
Published: January 2021

Este é um itinerário em meados do século XX: ser brasileiro na França após o golpe de Estado contra João Goulart, um "refugiado" sem status além do de estudante, sem dinheiro;  um estudante estrangeiro na França em uma grande universidade do interior antes e durante 1968. Seja um sul-americano descobrindo, além da França, este Velho Mundo da Guerra Fria, as duas Europas, de ambos os lados do Muro, e o Oriente Médio.
Intended Bridging Therapy or Intravenous Thrombolysis Alone in Minor Stroke With Basilar Artery Occlusion
Authors: Seners Pierre , Dargazanli Cyril , Piotin Michel , Sablot Denis , Bracard Serge , Niclot Philippe , Baron Jean-Claude , Turc Guillaume , Perrin Claire , Arquizan Caroline , Lamy Chantal , Sibon Igor , Obadia Michael , Papassin Jérémie , Henon Hilde , Preterre Cécile , Suissa Laurent , Debiais Séverine , Lyoubi Aïcha , Garnier Pierre , Girard-Buttaz Isabelle , Lapergue Bertrand , Triquenot Aude , Duong Duc-Long , Laksiri Nadia , Mione Gioia , Mas Jean-Louis
Published: January 2021

Background and Purpose:

Whether bridging therapy (intravenous thrombolysis [IVT] followed by mechanical thrombectomy) is superior to IVT alone in minor stroke with basilar artery occlusion remains uncertain.

Methods:

Multicentric retrospective observational study of consecutive minor stroke patients (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤5) with basilar artery occlusion intended for IVT alone or bridging therapy. Propensity-score weighting was used to reduce baseline between-groups differences, and residual imbalance was addressed through adjusted logistic regression, with excellent outcome (3-month modified Rankin Scale score 0–1) as the dependent variable.

Results:

Fifty-seven patients were included (28 and 29 in the bridging therapy and IVT alone groups, respectively). Following propensity-score weighting, the distribution of baseline clinical and radiological variables was similar across the 2 patient groups, except age, posterior circulation Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, history of hypertension and smoking, and onset-to-IVT time. Compared with IVT alone, bridging therapy was associated with excellent outcome (adjusted odds ratio=3.37 [95% CI, 1.13–10.03];
P
=0.03). No patient experienced symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.

Conclusions:

Our results suggest that bridging therapy may be superior to IVT alone in minor stroke with basilar artery occlusion.
A Summary of GFS Ensemble Integrated Water Vapor Transport Forecasts and Skill along the U.S. West Coast during Water Years 2017–20
Authors: Cordeira Jason M. , Ralph F. Martin
Published: January 2021

The ability to provide accurate forecasts and improve situational awareness of atmospheric rivers (ARs) is key to impact-based decision support services and applications such as forecast-informed reservoir operations. The purpose of this study is to quantify the cool-season water year skill for 2017–20 of the NCEP Global Ensemble Forecast System forecasts of integrated water vapor transport along the U.S. West Coast commonly observed during landfalling ARs. This skill is summarized for ensemble probability-over-threshold forecasts of integrated water vapor transport magnitudes ≥ 250 kg m−1 s−1 (referred to as P250). The P250 forecasts near North-Coastal California at 38°N, 123°W were reliable and successful at lead times of ~8–9 days with an average success ratio > 0.5 for P250 forecasts ≥ 50% at lead times of 8 days and Brier skill scores > 0.1 at a lead time of 8–9 days. Skill and accuracy also varied as a function of latitude and event characteristics. The highest (lowest) success ratios and probability of detection values for P250 forecasts ≥ 50% occurred on average across Northern California and Oregon (Southern California), whereas the average probability of detection of more intense and longer duration landfalling ARs was 0.1–0.2 higher than weaker and shorter duration events at lead times of 3–9 days. The potential for these forecasts to enhance situational awareness may also be improved, depending on individual applications, by allowing for flexibility in the location and time of verification; the success ratios increased 10%–30% at lead times of 5–10 days allowing for flexibility of ±1.0° latitude and ±6 h in verification.
Comparative study of morbidity and mortality pre- and postoperative of laparoscopic nephrectomy for inflammatory versus tumoral cause according to the Clavien–Dindo classification: prospective study over 2 years
Authors: Ncir Hicham , Errehan Mouhssine , Oubihi Mohammed , Lakmichi Mohammed Amine , Dahami Zakaria , Moudouni Said Mohammed , Sarf Ismail
Published: January 2021

Background

For 29 years, Laparoscopic Nephrectomy has steadily established itself as a technique for kidney excision. Patients as well as surgeons appreciate the benefits of this less invasive technique. Although the morbidity and mortality of this minimally invasive technique are relatively low, the risks it entails must be taken into account seriously. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the intra- and postoperative morbidity and mortality factors connected to Laparoscopic Transperitoneal Nephrectomy for inflammatory kidney versus tumoral kidney according to the Clavien–Dindo classification.

Methods

A prospective comparative mono-centric study was carried out over a period of 24 months (January 2018–January 2020) on patients having benefited from a Laparoscopic Transperitoneal Nephrectomy for Inflammatory (Group 1) or Tumoral (Group 2) causes. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were assessed according to the Dindo–Clavien classification.

Results

This study included 60 patients. Group 1 consisted of 32 patients (median age: 50.4 years) and Group 2 of 28 patients (median age: 61 years). Drainage of inflammatory kidneys was done preoperatively by nephrostomy drain (11 cases) and double J probe (3 cases). The mean operating time was longer in Group 1 (234 vs 186.8 min, p = 0.1). The conversion rate was statistically significant in Group 1 (6 vs 1, p < 0.05). The rate of Grade 1 complications is very significant in Group 1: ileus (6 vs 2, p = 0.02), postoperative antibiotic therapy (26 vs 3, p = 0.001) and infection of the wall (4 vs 0, p < 0.001). The rate of severe complications (Clavien ≥ 3) was the same in the two groups. The average length of hospital stay was higher in Group1.

Conclusion

Our work (study) showed a higher rate of severe complications in Laparoscopic nephrectomies for inflammatory causes.