bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancing Sustainable Energy: Exploring New Frontiers and Opportunities in the Green Transition
Authors: Soni Neetesh , Singh Pravin Kumar , Mallick Soumyoraj , Pandey Yash , Tiwari Sreyansh , Mishra Anshuman , Tiwari Ashutosh
Published: May 2024

The current global scenario underlines the urgency of addressing energy consumption and its environmental implications. Contemporary international strategies aim to foster public awareness and engagement in sustainable energy initiatives. The World Environment Protection Commission aspires to qualify for an equitable transition toward energy‐efficient technologies, strategic policies, and achieving net‐zero carbon emissions. The principal aspiration is to enhance community understanding of energy and environmental policies. Furthermore, a root cause analysis reveals that understanding the foundational factors, both internal and external, underpinning the attainment of these objectives is of paramount importance. This study investigates the comparative advantages of renewable energy over non‐renewable sources. It conducts a thorough analysis of various factors, encompassing energy sourcing, variables, challenges, technological progress, and the deployment of energy‐efficient systems. Utilizing a strategic approach and conducting pre‐ and post‐analysis data evaluations, it aims to promote the adoption of sustainable practices for a greener future. Emphasizing the importance of international cooperation and the effective implementation of policies, this research underscores the critical role of practical action in fostering energy sustainability and environmental preservation.
Electronic Doping in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Molenda Zuzanna , Chambon Sylvain , Bassani Dario M. , Hirsch Lionel
Published: May 2024

The popularity of metal halide perovskites is in part the result of their versatility in numerous applications. To date, perovskites are used in their intrinsic, undoped form, as the doping of these materials is not yet adequately mastered. Herein, the recently reported electronic doping of CH3NH3PbI3 is employed to fabricate perovskite solar cells in which the interfacial electron transport layer (ETL) is replaced by n‐doping of one side of the perovskite film. The doping involves the incorporation of metastable Sm2+ ions that undergo an in situ oxidation to Sm3+, releasing electrons to the conduction band to render the perovskite n‐type. In spite of the lack of an ETL, these solar cells have the same efficiency as the samples with the ETL. The open circuit voltage of the doped solar cells increases proportionally to the doping concentration due to the narrowing of the depletion layer thickness at the interface of the perovskite and the top electrode, reaching the value of ≈1 V for the doped ETL‐free device, the same as for the reference sample. These proof‐of‐concept results represent the first step toward perovskite‐based devices incorporating a p‐n homojunction.
Comprehensive evaluation of the DSSAT‐CSM‐CERES‐Wheat for simulating winter rye against multi‐environment data in Germany
Authors: Shawon Ashifur Rahman , Memic Emir , Kottmann Lorenz , Uptmoor Ralf , Hackauf Bernd , Feike Til
Published: May 2024

Crop models are valuable tools for simulating and assessing genotype‐by‐environment interactions. In most studies, these models are parameterized based on crop data from a few sites and years, which often limits their applicability to a broader geographic context. Therefore, we utilize countrywide multi‐environment variety trial data in this study to implement a genotype‐specific model parameterization for winter rye (Secale cereale L.) in Germany. We use the Crop and Environment REsource Synthesis (CERES) model originally used for wheat available in the decision support system for agrotechnology transfer (DSSAT) framework and adapt and evaluate it for rye. Calibration and evaluation involved a comprehensive agronomic trial datasets for the rye cultivar Palazzo, encompassing 194 site‐years of experiments covering various cereal production regions in Germany. The parameterization followed a structured approach, encompassing phenology, growth, and yield‐specific coefficients. The parameterized CSM‐CERES‐Rye (where CSM is cropping system model) demonstrated reasonable accuracy in simulating critical crop parameters, including aboveground biomass, leaf area index, tiller, grain number, unit seed weight, and grain yield. The model is available for diverse model‐based assessments of rye cultivation, including evaluating crop management, analyzing crop rotations, and assessing rye's suitability across varied environments, making it valuable for sustainable agriculture and decision‐making.
Microarthropods improve oat nutritional quality and mediate fertilizer effects on soil biological activity
Authors: Jernigan Ashley B. , Kao‐Kniffin Jenny , Pethybridge Sarah , Wickings Kyle
Published: May 2024

Soil biological processes are important drivers of crop productivity in agroecosystems. Soil microarthropods play key roles in nutrient cycling and plant nutrient acquisition, though little is known about how these effects manifest in crop production under different organic fertilizer amendments. We explored the interactive effects of microarthropods and fertilizers on crop productivity in two greenhouse experiments: experiment one involved a single Collembola species, and experiment two involved diverse microarthropod communities. Oats were grown as a model crop in both experiments under one of three initial fauna abundance levels (none, low, and high). In both experiments, four organic fertilization treatments were compared: alfalfa green manure, Kreher's Poultry Litter Compost, Chilean nitrate, and a nonamended control. Oat growth and development were evaluated weekly. During each experiment, 48 pots were selected randomly for destructive harvest at two separate times to mimic forage and grain harvest stages. At each harvest, multiple soil metrics (microarthropods, microbial biomass, microbial enzymes, and soil carbon and nitrogen) and plant metrics (biomass, reproduction, and tissue carbon and nitrogen content) were evaluated. Our findings indicated that microarthropods, both single species and diverse communities, stimulated nitrogen cycling and enhanced crop nutrient status. As microarthropod abundance and diversity increased, microarthropods exerted more effects on soil microbial activity. The effects of the microarthropods enhance the breakdown of fertilizers, ultimately making fertilizer choice less important for soil processes and plant nutrient availability. Our findings suggest that microarthropods drove oat production yields primarily through their effects on soil biological processes.
Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis as a cancer predisposition syndrome: The first report of neuroblastoma and review of all cancers in OSCS
Authors: Abu‐El‐Haija Aya , Dillahunt Kyle , Safina Nicole , Aldeeri Abdulrahman , Glavan Tomislav , Mihalek Ivana , Shinawi Marwan
Published: May 2024

Osteopathia Striata with Cranial Sclerosis (OSCS) is a rare genetic condition primarily characterized by metaphyseal striations of long bones, bone sclerosis, macrocephaly, and other congenital anomalies. It is caused by pathogenic variants in AMER1, a tumor suppressor and a WNT signaling repressor gene with key roles in tissue regeneration, neurodevelopment, tumorigenesis, and other developmental processes. While somatic AMER1 pathogenic variants have frequently been identified in several tumor types (e.g., Wilms tumor and colorectal cancer), whether OSCS (i.e., with AMER1 germline variants) is a tumor predisposition syndrome is not clear, with only nine cases reported with tumors. We here report the first case of neuroblastoma diagnosed in a male child with OSCS, review all previously reported tumors diagnosed in individuals with OSCS, and discuss potential tumorigenic mechanisms of AMER1. Our report adds to the accumulating evidence suggesting OSCS is a tumor predisposition condition, highlighting the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for the associated tumors when evaluating patients with OSCS. Importantly, Wilms tumor stands out as the most commonly observed tumor in OSCS patients, underscoring the need for regular surveillance.
LZTFL1, a rare cause of Bardet–Biedl syndrome: A new patient with severe short stature and moderate intellectual disability, more than casual associations?
Authors: Gana Simone , Di Biagio Marta , Carraro Laura , Rossetto Gloria , Scarpelli Laura , Scognamillo Ilaria , Valente Enza Maria , Signorini Sabrina
Published: May 2024

Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is an inherited ciliopathy affecting multiple organs and systems with wide clinical and genetic heterogeneity. To date, biallelic variants of the LZTFL1 gene have been reported only in six patients with BBS. We identified a homozygous LZTFL1 nonsense variant in a boy presenting with classical BBS features. In addition, he showed a more pronounced cognitive impairment than previously reported subjects and severe short stature, matching the phenotype displayed by some other patients with LZTFL1 variants and lztfl1 knock‐out mice. This case report contributes to a better understanding of the clinical spectrum associated with LZTFL1 pathogenic variants, and highlights possible genotype–phenotype correlations.
Advances of Nanobiomaterials for Treating Skin Pathological Fibrosis
Authors: Kang Yongyuan , Liu Xiaowei , Chen Xiping , Duan Yiyuan , Wang Jie , Gao Changyou
Published: May 2024

Skin pathological fibrosis conditions, such as hypertrophic scars (HS) and keloids, where the scar tissue is raised and extends beyond the original wound boundary, are aesthetically unappealing and sometimes painful or itchy, significantly impacting the life quality of patients. In this review, the advances of nanobiomaterials in treating skin pathological fibrosis are summarized and discussed. The focus is on the therapeutic approaches to cellular and molecular targets of HS, highlighting the potential of nanotechnology in scar management. The biofunctional nanomaterials can modulate inflammation, regulate angiogenesis, and promote fibroblast apoptosis. The nanotechnology‐based drug delivery systems such as liposomes, ethosomes, and dendritic macromolecules can improve the solubility, stability, and efficacy of drugs, and enhance precise delivery, resulting in better outcomes in HS therapy. Integrating nanomaterials or nanostructures into hydrogels, nanofibers, and microneedles can enhance the biological functionality and maximize the therapeutic effect of nanoparticles (NPs) at the wound site. The important potential of nanotechnology‐based scar treatment should be further explored to overcome the current challenges and promote its application in clinical practice.
Approaching Sustainable Lithium‐Ion Batteries through Voltage‐Responsive Smart Prelithiation Separator with Surface‐Engineered Sacrificial Lithium Agents
Authors: Chang Xin , Fan Min , Yuan Boheng , He Wei‐Huan , Gu Chao‐Fan , Li Chen , Meng Qinghai , Guo Yu‐Guo
Published: May 2024

The surge in lithium‐ion batteries has heightened concerns regarding metal resource depletion and the environmental impact of spent batteries. Battery recycling has become paramount globally, but conventional techniques, while effective at extracting transition metals like cobalt and nickel from cathodes, often overlook widely used spent LiFePO4 due to its abundant and low‐cost iron content. Direct regeneration, a promising approach for restoring deteriorated cathodes, is hindered by practicality and cost issues despite successful methods like solid‐state sintering. Hence, a smart prelithiation separator based on surface‐engineered sacrificial lithium agents is proposed. Benefiting from the synergistic anionic and cationic redox, the prelithiation separator can intelligently release or intake active lithium via voltage regulation. The staged lithium replenishment strategy was implemented, successfully restoring spent LiFePO4’s capacity to 163.7 mAh g−1 and a doubled life. Simultaneously, the separator can absorb excess active lithium up to approximately 600 mAh g−1 below 2.5 V to prevent over‐lithiation of the cathode This innovative, straightforward, and cost‐effective strategy paves the way for the direct regeneration of spent batteries, expanding the possibilities in the realm of lithium‐ion battery recycling.
Mechanochemical Backbone Editing for Controlled Degradation of Vinyl Polymers
Authors: Li Zhuang , Zhang Xiaohui , Zhao Yajun , Tang Shan
Published: May 2024

The chemically inert nature of fully saturated hydrocarbon backbones endows vinyl polymers with desirable durability, but it also leads to their significant environmental persistence. Enhancing the sustainability of these materials requires a pivotal yet challenging shift: transforming the inert backbone into one that is degradable. Here, we present a versatile platform for mechanochemically editing the fully saturated backbone of vinyl polymers towards degradable polymer chains by integrating cyclobutene‐fused succinimide (CBS) units along backbone through photo‐iniferter reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) copolymerization. Significantly, the evenly insertion of CBS units does not compromise thermal or chemical stability but rather offers a means to adjust the properties of polymethylacrylate (PMA). Meanwhile, reactive acyclic imide units can be selectively introduced to the backbone through mechanochemical activation (pulse ultrasonication or ball‐milling grinding) when required. Subsequent hydrolysis of the acyclic imide groups enables efficient degradation, yielding telechelic oligomers. This approach holds promise for inspiring the design and modification of more environmentally friendly vinyl polymers through backbone editing.
pH‐Universal Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction with Ampere‐Level Current Density on Doping‐Engineered Bismuth Sulfide
Authors: Jiang Zinan , Ren Shan , Cao Xi , Fan Qikui , Yu Rui , Yang Jian , Mao Junjie
Published: May 2024

The practical application of the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to form formic acid fuel is hindered by the limited activation of CO2 molecules and the lack of universal feasibility across different pH levels. Herein, we report a doping‐engineered bismuth sulfide pre‐catalyst (BiS‐1) that S is partially retained after electrochemical reconstruction into metallic Bi for CO2RR to formate/formic acid with ultrahigh performance across a wide pH range. The best BiS‐1 maintains a Faraday efficiency (FE) of ~95 % at 2000 mA cm−2 in a flow cell under neutral and alkaline solutions. Furthermore, the BiS‐1 catalyst shows unprecedentedly high FE (~95 %) with current densities from 100 to 1300 mA cm−2 under acidic solutions. Notably, the current density can reach 700 mA cm−2 while maintaining a FE of above 90 % in a membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer and operate stably for 150 h at 200 mA cm−2. In situ spectra and density functional theory calculations reveals that the S doping modulates the electronic structure of Bi and effectively promotes the formation of the HCOO* intermediate for formate/formic acid generation. This work develops the efficient and stable electrocatalysts for sustainable formate/formic acid production.
Lattice Oxygen Activation through Deep Oxidation of Co4N by Jahn–Teller–Active Dopants for Improved Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Han Jingrui , Wang Haibin , Wang Yuting , Zhang Hao , Li Jun , Xia Yujian , Zhou Jieshu , Wang Ziyun , Luo Mingchuan , Wang Yuhang , Wang Ning , Cortés Emiliano , Wang Zumin , Vomiero Alberto , Huang Zhen‐Feng , Ren Hangxing , Yuan Xianming , Chen Songhua , Feng Donghui , Sun Xuhui , Liu Yongchang , Liang Hongyan
Published: May 2024

Triggering the lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism is crucial for improving oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance, because it could bypass the scaling relation limitation associated with the conventional adsorbate evolution mechanism through the direct formation of oxygen–oxygen bond. High‐valence transition metal sites are favorable for activating the lattice oxygen, but the deep oxidation of pre‐catalysts suffers from a high thermodynamic barrier. Here, taking advantage of the Jahn–Teller (J–T) distortion induced structural instability, we incorporate high‐spin Mn3+ (
) dopant into Co4N. Mn dopants enable a surface structural transformation from Co4N to CoOOH, and finally to CoO2, as observed by various in situ spectroscopic investigations. Furthermore, the reconstructed surface on Mn‐doped Co4N triggers the lattice oxygen activation, as evidenced experimentally by pH‐dependent OER, tetramethylammonium cation adsorption and online electrochemical mass spectrometry measurements of 18O‐labelled catalysts. In general, this work not only offers the introducing J–T effect approach to regulate the structural transition, but also provides an understanding about the influence of the catalyst's electronic configuration on determining the reaction route, which may inspire the design of more efficient catalysts with activated lattice oxygen.
Synergistic antibacterial and anticancer activity in gadolinium–chitosan nanocomposite films: A novel approach for biomedical applications
Authors: Khalil Khaled D. , Bashal Ali H. , Habeeb Talaat , Abu‐Dief Ahmed M.
Published: May 2024

Driven by the continuous search for materials with antibacterial and anticancer applications, this study focuses on the fabrication of nanocomposite films using chitosan as the basis material, with the addition of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles at varying weight percentages (5 and 10 wt.% Gd2O3/CS). The films were made using the coprecipitation‐solution cast approach. The structural characteristics of the Gd2O3/CS films that were formed were investigated and confirmed using a range of analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The X‐ray diffraction study provided unambiguous evidence of an increased degree of crystallinity in chitosan with the inclusion of gadolinia. The particle size was determined using the Debye–Scherrer formula, resulting in an estimated value of 36 nm. Following this, a thorough examination was undertaken to evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness against one strain of Gram‐positive bacteria and two strains of Gram‐negative bacteria. Our research has revealed that the efficacy of the inspected Gd2O3/CS as bactericides is superior to that of CS alone. Furthermore, the MCF‐7, HCT‐116, and HepG‐2 cell lines exhibited anticancer activity when exposed to the Gd2O3/CS nanocomposites. In addition, nanocomposites exhibit significant antioxidant activity in comparison with the conventional vitamin C. These findings provide evidence for the viability of our nanocomposites in combating breast cancer.
Long‐Term Follow‐Up of Anti‐Infliximab Antibodies in Patients With Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Marker of Drug Survival and Tapering
Authors: Pimentel Clarissa Q. , Medeiros‐Ribeiro Ana Cristina , Shimabuco Andrea Y. , Sampaio‐Barros Percival D. , Moraes Júlio César B. , Schainberg Claudia G. , Gonçalves Celio Roberto , Leon Elaine P. , Kupa Léonard De Vinci K. , Pasoto Sandra G. , Aikawa Nádia E. , Silva Clovis A. , Bonfa Eloisa , Saad Carla G. S.
Published: May 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of anti‐infliximab (IFX) antibodies on three different points of care: response/tolerance to IFX, tapering strategy, and in a subsequent treatment with a second tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi).

Methods

A prospective cohort of 60 patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis who received IFX were evaluated retrospectively regarding clinical/laboratorial data, IFX levels, and anti‐IFX antibodies at baseline, after 6, 12 to 14, 22 to 24, 48 to 54, 96 to 102 weeks, and before tapering or switching.

Results

Anti‐IFX antibodies were detected in 27 patients (45%), of whom 23 (85.1%) became positive in the first year of IFX treatment. In comparison to the group that was negative for anti‐IFX antibodies, patients who were positive for anti‐IFX antibodies demonstrated the following: less use of methotrexate as a concomitant treatment to IFX (5 [18.5%] vs 14 [42.4%]; P = 0.048), more infusion reactions at 22 to 24 weeks (P = 0.020) and 48 to 54 weeks (P = 0.034), more treatment failures (P = 0.028) at 48 to 54 weeks, reduced overall IFX survival (P < 0.001), and lower sustained responses (P = 0.044). Of note, patients who were positive for anti‐IFX antibodies exhibited a shorter tapering survival (9.9 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.0–15.8] vs 63.4 months [95% CI 27.9–98.8]; P = 0.004) in comparison with patients who were negative for anti‐IFX antibodies. Conversely, for patients who failed IFX, patients who were positive for anti‐IFX antibodies had better clinical response to the second TNFi at three months (15 [83.3%] vs 3 [27.3%]; P = 0.005) and six months (15 [83.3%] vs 4 [36.4%]; P = 0.017) than the patients who were negative for anti‐IFX antibodies after switching.

Conclusion

This study provided novel data that anti‐IFX antibodies is a parameter for reduced tapering survival, reinforcing its detection to guide clinical decision. Additionally, we confirmed in a long‐term cohort the anti‐IFX antibody association with worse IFX performance and as predictor of the second TNFi good clinical response.
Commemoration of body donors in a religiously diverse society: A tale of two Korean medical schools
Authors: Oh Sae‐Ock , Bay Boon Huat , Kim Hee‐Jin , Lee Hye Yeon , Yoon Sik
Published: May 2024

Although a diversity of religions exists in South Korea, with Buddhism and Christianity (Protestantism and Catholicism) being the two main faiths, Korean beliefs are deeply rooted in Confucianism. Despite the notion that the Confucian norm of filial piety discourages body donation to medical science, there has been a mindset shift in favor of body donation, driven by a heightened awareness of the body bequest programs and the care and dignity accorded to the altruistic body donors, together with the institution of commemorative services to honor them. As spirituality and religion are known to be factors that influence body donation, how religious‐ and non‐religious‐based memorial services are held to honor the donors as exemplified by two Korean medical schools—from a public university with no religious affiliation and from a Protestant‐based university—are described here. The key concept of expressing gratitude and respect for the donors and their family members has positively impacted body bequest programs in this multi‐religious society. Commemorative services held to pay tribute to the altruistic body donors may play an important role in inspiring a humanistic spirit in students, regardless of religious or non‐religious beliefs, as exemplified by the two Korean medical schools. The takeaway here is that the elevation of spirituality in memorial services effectively resonates with society, thereby demonstrating the impact of spiritual principles independent of religious influence.
Luftporenbeton mit superabsorbierenden Polymeren (SAP) Teil 2
Authors: Schack Tobias , Dittmar Sebastian , Schauerte Matthias , Mazanec Oliver , Haist Michael
Published: May 2024

Superabsorbierende Polymere (SAP) stellen als multifunktionales, pulverförmiges Betonzusatzmittel eine Alternative zu klassischen LP‐Bildnern zur Einführung eines künstlichen Luftporensystems in den Festbeton dar. Neben einer Steigerung des Frost‐ und Frost‐Tausalz‐Widerstands führt das künstlich eingeführte Luftporensystem auch zu veränderten mechanischen und dauerhaftigkeitsrelevanten Eigenschaften. Dabei gilt es, besonders das von den SAP gespeicherte und während der Hydratation langsam abgegebene Wasser zu beachten. Im Rahmen des vorliegenden Beitrags werden systematische Untersuchungen zur Anwendung von superabsorbierenden Polymeren in Luftporenbeton als Alternative zum klassischen LP‐Bildner beschrieben und diskutiert. Es werden sowohl die mechanischen Eigenschaften als auch die Dauerhaftigkeit der Betone betrachtet. Mit superabsorbierenden Polymeren (SAP) können bei einer zusätzlichen Saugwasserdosierung von 50 M.–% der maximalen Sorptionsfähigkeit der SAP Luftporenbetone mit vergleichbaren bis hin zu verbesserten mechanischen und dauerhaftigkeitsrelevanten Eigenschaften gegenüber Betonen mit klassischem Luftporenbildner (auf Basis von Wurzelharz) hergestellt werden.
Valid instrumental variable selection method using negative control outcomes and constructing efficient estimator
Authors: Orihara Shunichiro , Goto Atsushi , Taguri Masataka
Published: May 2024

In observational studies, instrumental variable (IV) methods are commonly applied when there are unmeasured covariates. In Mendelian randomization, constructing an allele score using many single nucleotide polymorphisms is often implemented; however, estimating biased causal effects by including some invalid IVs poses some risks. Invalid IVs are those IV candidates that are associated with unobserved variables. To solve this problem, we developed a novel strategy using negative control outcomes (NCOs) as auxiliary variables. Using NCOs, we are able to select only valid IVs and exclude invalid IVs without knowing which of the instruments are invalid. We also developed a new two‐step estimation procedure and proved the semiparametric efficiency of our estimator. The performance of our proposed method was superior to some previous methods through simulations. Subsequently, we applied the proposed method to the UK Biobank dataset. Our results demonstrate that the use of an auxiliary variable, such as an NCO, enables the selection of valid IVs with assumptions different from those used in previous methods.
Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 relieves inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy in hippocampus of western diet‐fed rats by modulation of systemic inflammation
Authors: Mazzoli Arianna , Spagnuolo Maria Stefania , De Palma Francesca , Petecca Natasha , Di Porzio Angela , Barrella Valentina , Troise Antonio Dario , Culurciello Rosanna , De Pascale Sabrina , Scaloni Andrea , Mauriello Gianluigi , Iossa Susanna , Cigliano Luisa
Published: May 2024

The consumption of western diets, high in fats and sugars, is a crucial contributor to brain molecular alterations, cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, a mandatory challenge is the individuation of strategies capable of preventing diet‐induced impairment of brain physiology. A promising strategy might consist in the administration of probiotics that are known to influence brain function via the gut‐brain axis. In this study, we explored whether Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (L. reuteri)‐based approach can counteract diet‐induced neuroinflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and autophagy in hippocampus, an area involved in learning and memory, in rat fed a high fat and fructose diet. The western diet induced a microbiota reshaping, but L. reuteri neither modulated this change, nor the plasma levels of short‐chain fatty acids. Interestingly, pro‐inflammatory signaling pathway activation (increased NFkB phosphorylation, raised amounts of toll‐like receptor‐4, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, interleukin‐6, GFAP, and Haptoglobin), as well as activation of ERS (increased PERK and eif2α phosphorylation, higher C/EBP‐homologous protein amounts) and autophagy (increased beclin, P62‐sequestosome‐1, and LC3 II) was revealed in hippocampus of western diet fed rats. All these hippocampal alterations were prevented by L. reuteri administration, showing for the first time a neuroprotective role of this specific probiotic strain, mainly attributable to its ability to regulate western diet‐induced metabolic endotoxemia and systemic inflammation, as decreased levels of lipopolysaccharide, plasma cytokines, and adipokines were also found. Therapeutic strategies based on the use of L. reuteri DSM17938 could be beneficial in reversing metabolic syndrome‐mediated brain dysfunction and cognitive decline.
Enhancing erythromycin production in Saccharopolyspora erythraea through rational engineering and fermentation refinement: A Design‐Build‐Test‐Learn approach
Authors: Shao Minghao , Xu Feng , Ke Xiang , Huang Mingzhi , Chu Ju
Published: May 2024

Industrial production of bioactive compounds from actinobacteria, such as erythromycin and its derivatives, faces challenges in achieving optimal yields. To this end, the Design‐Build‐Test‐Learn (DBTL) framework, a systematic metabolic engineering approach, was employed to enhance erythromycin production in Saccharopolyspora erythraea (S. erythraea) E3 strain. A genetically modified strain, S. erythraea E3‐CymRP21‐dcas9‐sucC (S. erythraea CS), was developed by suppressing the sucC gene using an inducible promoter and dcas9 protein. The strain exhibited improved erythromycin synthesis, attributed to enhanced precursor synthesis and increased NADPH availability. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed altered central carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and co‐factor/vitamin metabolism in CS. Augmented amino acid metabolism led to nitrogen depletion, potentially causing cellular autolysis during later fermentation stages. By refining the fermentation process through ammonium sulfate supplementation, erythromycin yield reached 1125.66 mg L−1, a 43.5% increase. The results demonstrate the power of the DBTL methodology in optimizing erythromycin production, shedding light on its potential for revolutionizing antibiotic manufacturing in response to the global challenge of antibiotic resistance.
Efficient tobacco rattle virus‐induced gene editing in tomato mediated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system
Authors: Wang Qiong , Zhang Dan , Dai Yu‐Ru , Liu Chao‐Chao
Published: May 2024

Plant virus‐based sgRNA delivery strategy has been widely applied for efficient genome editing across various plant species, leveraging its significant advantages in the rapid expression and expansion of sgRNA through virus replication and movement. However, the efficacy of the virus‐induced gene editing (VIGE) tool in tomato has yet to be explored. In this paper, we established a TRV‐mediated CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system in the somatic cells of tomato, reporting the validation of VIGE and evaluating the mutagenesis efficiency in both tomato leaves and fruits using high‐throughput sequencing. The results demonstrated an approximate 65% efficiency of VIGE in tomato leaves for the selected target genes, with VIGE efficiency reaching up to 50% in tomato fruits. This research not only introduces an efficient tool for reverse genetics but also reveals substantial potential of VIGE in surpassing traditional tissue culture techniques for creating heritable mutations in tomato.
Encapsulation of gingerol into nanoliposomes: Evaluation of in vitro anti‐inflammatory and anti‐cancer activity
Authors: Alshaikh Fatima , Al‐Samydai Ali , Issa Reem , Alshaer Walhan , Alqaraleh Moath , Al‐Halaseh Lidia K. , Alsanabrah Alaa , Ghanim Bayan Y. , Al Azzam Khaldun M. , Qinna Nidal A.
Published: May 2024

Nanoliposomes (NLs) are ideal carriers for delivering complex molecules and phytochemical products, but ginger by‐products, despite their therapeutic benefits, have poor bioavailability due to their low water solubility and stability. Crude ginger extracts (CGEs) and 6‐gingerol were individually encapsulated within NLs for in vitro activity assessment. In vitro evaluation of anti‐proliferative and anti‐inflammatory properties of encapsulated 6‐gingerol and CGE was performed on healthy human periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells. Encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of 6‐gingerol reached 25.23% and 2.5%, respectively. NLs were found stable for up to 30 days at 4°C with a gradual load loss of up to 20%. In vitro cytotoxic effect of encapsulated 6‐gingerol exceeded 70% in the MDA‐MB‐231 cell line, in a comparable manner with non‐encapsulated 6‐gingerol and CGE. The effect of CGE with an IC50 of 3.11 ± 0.39, 7.14 ± 0.80, and 0.82 ± 0.55 μM and encapsulated 6‐gingerol on inhibiting IL‐8 was evident, indicating its potential anti‐inflammatory activity. Encapsulating 6‐gingerol within NLs enhanced its stability and facilitated its biological activity. All compounds, including vitamin C, were equivalent at concentrations below 2 mg/mL, with a slight difference in antioxidant activity. The concentrations capable of inhibiting 50% of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) substrate were comparable.
Construction of a virtual simulation practical teaching system for intelligent manufacturing under the background of new engineering
Authors: Wang Yuqin , Liu Yang
Published: May 2024

To adapt to the new direction of engineering education reform in China under the background of new engineering, and to promote the transformation and upgrading of intelligent manufacturing professionals, a virtual simulation practice teaching system based on Internet technology is constructed. Relying on “online + offline” resources, experimental modules are designed, a course resource library is built, a digital cloud platform is developed, and a “One Body, Two Wings” virtual simulation teaching and training system is established. Practice has shown that the virtual simulation system has the advantages of immersion, interaction, imagination, and reality, which can meet the basic needs of users and provide a safe and immersive experimental operation experience. The comparative data on practical effectiveness shows that virtual simulation teaching has significantly improved students' theoretical knowledge, practical skills, and innovative ability, making graduates highly desirable by enterprises. The virtual simulation system not only enhances user experience, but also improves students' learning effect, professional cognitive ability, and professional practice ability. The system provides strong technical support for the cultivation of intelligent manufacturing professionals, and is an efficient and practical tool in the field of teaching and training, with broad application prospects.
Developing Covalent Organic Framework Biocatalysts through Enzyme Encapsulation
Authors: Gao Rui , Kou Xiaoxue , Huang Siming , Chen Guosheng , Ouyang Gangfeng
Published: May 2024

Utilizing covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as porous supports to encapsulate enzyme represents an advanced strategy for constructing COFs biocatalysts, which has inspired numerous interests across various applications. As the structural advantages including ultrastable covalent‐bonded linkage, tailorable pore structure, and metal‐free biocompatibility, the resultant enzyme‐COFs biocatalysts showcase functional enhancement in catalytic activity, chemical stability, long‐term durability, and recyclability. This Concept describes the recent advances in the methodological strategies for engineering the COFs biocatalysts, with specific emphasis on the pore entrapment and in situ encapsulation strategies. The structural advantages of the COFs hybrid biocatalysts for organic synthesis, environment‐ and energy‐associated applications are also canvassed. Additionally, the remaining challenges and the forward‐looking directions in this field are also discussed. We believe that this Concept can offer useful methodological guidance for developing active and robust COFs biocatalysts.
Histone demethylase KDM4A mediating macrophage polarization: A potential mechanism of trichloroethylene induced liver injury
Authors: Zhang Jiaxiang , Huang Hua , Ding Baiwang , Liu Zhibing , Chen Daojun , Li Shulong , Shen Tong , Zhu Qixing
Published: May 2024

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a commonly used organic solvent in industry. Our previous studies have found that TCE can cause liver injury accompanied by macrophage polarization, but the specific mechanism is unclear. The epigenetic regulation of macrophage polarization is mainly focused on histone modification. Histone lysine demethylase 4A (KDM4A) is involved in the activation of macrophages. In this study, we used a mouse model we investigated the role of KDM4A in the livers of TCE‐drinking mice and found that the expression of KDM4A, M1‐type polarization indicators, and related inflammatory factors in the livers of TCE‐drinking mice. In the study, BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups: 2.5 mg/mL TCE dose group and 5.0 mg/mL TCE dose group, the vehicle control group, and the blank control group. We found that TCE triggered M1 polarization of mouse macrophages, characterized by the expression of CD11c and robust production of inflammatory cytokines. Notably, exposure to TCE resulted in markedly increased expression of KDM4A in macrophages. Functionally, the increased expression of KDM4A significantly impaired the expression of H3K9me3 and H3K9me2 and increased the expression of H3K9me1. In addition, KDM4A potentially represents a novel epigenetic modulator, with its upregulation connected to β‐catenin activation, a signal critical for the pro‐inflammatory activation of macrophages. Furthermore, KDM4A inhibitor JIB‐04 treatment resulted in a decrease in β‐catenin expression and prevented TCE‐induced M1 polarization and the expression of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and IL‐1β. These results suggest that the association of KDM4A and Wnt/β‐catenin cooperatively establishes the activation and polarization of macrophages and global changes in H3K9me3/me2/me1. Our findings identify KDM4A as an essential regulator of the polarization of macrophages and the expression of inflammatory cytokines, which might serve as a potential target for preventing and treating liver injury caused by TCE.
Unilateral renal mucormycosis in a patient presenting with pyelonephritis and acute kidney failure: A case report
Authors: Darouei Bahar , Zare Mohammad Mehdi , Torkashvan Hedie , Esfahani Abbas Ali Torfeh
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Unilateral renal mucormycosis is a rare infection that should be suspected in patients with recurrent renal infections presenting nonspecific clinical features that do not respond to conventional therapies, especially in impaired immune systems due to related risk factors. Moreover, histopathological examinations should be performed to confirm the diagnosis. For treatment, the preference is that the patient is hospitalized, and surgical intervention and rapid administration of intravenous antifungals for 2–3 weeks are the treatment choices. After discharge, the patient should be followed up with periodic blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels and, if needed, an imaging modality such as a CT scan or sonography.

Renal mucormycosis (RM) is a rare form of mucormycosis infection and is more often in immunocompromised patients with risk factors. Unilateral renal involvement is infrequent in patients and is available as case reports. This condition usually presents with renal colic, fever and chills, and oliguria and has a high mortality rate. Herein, we report a case of unilateral renal mucormycosis presenting with pyelonephritis and acute kidney injury in a 32‐year‐old patient. The patient had numerous urological procedures in previous years due to nephrolithiasis state, which put him in an immunocompromised state. The histopathological examination of the pylocalyceal system revealed a collection of broad non‐septated fungal hyphae branching at 90° accompanied by numerous neutrophils and necrotic tissue in favor of mucormycosis. He was successfully treated with 5 mg/kg/day Liposomal Amphotericin B for 3 weeks, discharged with good general condition, and remained asymptomatic for 3 months after discharge. The diagnosis of RM relies on solid clinical suspicion, which can be authenticated by histopathological examination, and the combination of antifungal therapy and surgical intervention can result in a good outcome.
Early diagnosis and treatment of perianal Crohn's disease in a 1‐year‐old infant: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Mansour Marah , Doumet Georgette , Kadan Ahmad , Bajour Dina , Madania Marwa , Alsarraj Muhammad Adnan , Alhamwi Ahmad , Antakli Kamar , Almohammad Abdullah , Saiouf Yaman , Mahmod Jaber
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Inflammatory bowel disease is rare in infants and it includes perianal Crohn's disease, which is inflammation at or near the anus. An early diagnosis is essential to prevent the complications that may affect the development and growth of the child.
A case of transanal protrusion of ventriculoperitoneal shunt in an adult patient without any classic symptoms of bowel perforation
Authors: Mirjalali Kimia , Seyedyousefi Sarah
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

This report emphasizes the significance of acknowledging infrequent yet severe complications such as bowel perforation and transanal protrusion post ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) surgery. VPS patients should be observed for atypical indicators and manifestations that could suggest the presence of such complications, even in the lack of traditional clinical signs of peritonitis or bowel perforation.

Placing an intracranial shunt, may be a reasonable approach to decrease the complications of hydrocephalus and it can be done either simultaneous to cranioplasty or not. Ventriculoperitoneal shunts were first proposed in 1905 and has been used since. Similar to any other procedure, there are different complications to this surgery. Abdominal complications, including peritoneal pseudocysts, intestinal volvulus, protruding in hernial sac or extrusion through vagina, scrotum, umbilicus or gastrointestinal tract, are rare but according to previous studies happen in 5%–47% of cases. Bowel perforation is a rare complication and can happen in 0.01%–0.07% of patients. It's also worth mentioning that only 25% of patients with bowel perforation experience the classic clinical symptoms of peritonitis or bowel perforation. This particular complication should not be overlooked since it can cause a high mortality rate of 15%. Here we present a case of transanal protrusion of ventriculoperitoneal shunt after an asymptomatic bowel perforation, in an adult who has undergone surgery after a traumatic brain injury. The patient has undergone surgery and lastly the shunt was manually removed from anus. He was monitored for 3 days and eventually discharged.
MoOx/CoMo on Cu Nanowires as an Efficiently Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Chai Xingchen , Yuan Cang , Gao Rui‐Ting , Wang Lei
Published: May 2024

Electrocatalytic water splitting is a promising approach for sustainable hydrogen production. The design and development of efficient and stable bifunctional catalysts are the key to realizing hydrogen production from water splitting. Herein, we successfully synthesized bifunctional MoOx/CoMo grown on copper nanowires (Cu NWs) through an electrodeposition approach, showing excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performances. The MoOx/CoMo/Cu NWs catalyst exhibited overpotentials as low as 56 mV and 211 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for HER and OER in alkaline media, respectively. Moreover, the MoOx/CoMo/Cu NWs as bifunctional electrodes for overall water splitting achieved a low voltage of 1.45 and 1.62 V at 10 and 50 mA cm−2, respectively, with a stability of 10 h at 50 mA cm−2. This work provides a promising strategy for designing highly active catalysts that replace precious‐metal‐based catalysts on energy conversion.
Transition‐Metal Catalyzed Synthesis of N‐Heterocycles using Solvent‐Carbon (C1) Synthons
Authors: Govindan Karthick , Jayaram Alageswaran , Seenivasan Vijay Thavasianandam , Venkatachalam Gokulakannan , Lin Wei‐Yu
Published: May 2024

Nitrogen‐containing heterocycles represent fundamental components found in a myriad of natural compounds, pharmaceuticals, tailored bioactive substances, and agrochemicals. In recent decades, the field of synthetic chemistry has prioritized these compounds, directing considerable research endeavour toward developing efficient and concise methodologies for their synthesis. Consequently, there is a growing interest in pioneering novel synthetic approaches to fabricate these immensely coveted structural motifs. Transition metal‐catalyzed reactions leveraging solvents as carbon (C1) synthons offer notable advantages, including streamlined processes, enhanced atom economy, and environmental sustainability. This review sheds light on the recent advancements in the utilization of collective solvents such as methanol (alongside other alcohols), N,N‐dimethylethanolamine (DMEA), and triethylamine (TEA) (in conjunction with other amines), tetrahydrofuran (THF), toluene, dichloromethane (DCM), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and dimethylformamide (DMF) as C1 synthons, serving as foundational units for the synthesis of N‐heterocycles, including quinazolinone, quinazoline, quinoxaline, pyridine, and pyrimidine, among others. Various reaction conditions employing diverse transition metals, coupling partners, and solvents as carbon synthons or reagents, as reported in the literature, have been explored.
Earth Abundant Transition Metal Catalysts: New and Efficient Tools for Hydrophosphination and Oxyphosphination of Alkenes and Alkynes
Authors: Yuan Yumeng , Darcel Christophe
Published: May 2024

Hydrophosphination and oxyphosphination are two important topical reactions in order to prepare organophosphorus derivatives from unsaturated derivatives such as alkenes and alkynes in a more sustainable fashion. Noticeably, metal catalysed versions have shown great interest and efficiency. By contrast, the use of earth abundant transition metal based catalysts for such transformations is less reported, even if there is a growing interest during the last decade. This review article reports and highlights recent developments using manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and copper based catalysts for hydro‐ and oxyphosphination, notably exhibiting the selectivity, functional group tolerance, milder conditions and catalyst design. Even if significant progresses were made, the scopes are still rather limited (mainly focused on activated olefins such as styrenes) and chemo‐ and stereo‐selectivity issues still have to be solved, notably for asymmetric transformations. Of interest, the use of visible light including blue one as activator emerged, giving promising and stimulating results at ambient conditions.
Uncovering Factors Controlling Reactivity of Metal‐TEMPO Reaction Systems in the Solid State and Solution
Authors: Budny‐Godlewski Krzysztof , Piekarski Dariusz G. , Justyniak Iwona , Leszczyński Michał K. , Nawrocki Jan , Kubas Adam , Lewiński Janusz
Published: May 2024

Nitroxides find application in various areas of chemistry, and a more in‐depth understanding of factors controlling their reactivity with metal complexes is warranted to promote further developments. Here, we report on the effect of the metal centre Lewis acidity on both the distribution of the O‐ and N‐centered spin density in 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxyl (TEMPO) and turning TEMPO from the O‐ to N‐radical mode scavenger in metal‐TEMPO systems. We use Et(Cl)Zn/TEMPO model reaction system with tuneable reactivity in the solid state and solution. Among various products, a unique Lewis acid‐base adduct of Cl2Zn with the N‐ethylated TEMPO was isolated and structurally characterised, and the so‐called solid‐state ′slow chemistry′ reaction led to a higher yield of the N‐alkylated product. The revealed structure‐activity/selectivity correlations are exceptional yet are entirely rationalised by the mechanistic underpinning supported by theoretical calculations of studied model systems. This work lays a foundation and mechanistic blueprint for future metal/nitroxide systems exploration.