Factores de riesgo para Síndrome Metabólico en adolescentes de nivel secundaria y bachillerato
Authors: Castillo Arreguín María Juana , Barroso Muñoz Ruth , Alonso Trujillo Javier 
Published: May 2019

<div>Resumen&nbsp;</div><div>Introducci&oacute;n: Actualmente la prevalencia de S&iacute;ndrome Metab&oacute;lico (SM) en los adolescentes mexicanos va en incremento, y los criterios para su diagn&oacute;stico a&uacute;n son heterog&eacute;neos. El SM tiene la capacidad de predecir riesgos vinculados a la diabetes y las enfermedades cardiovasculares.</div><div>Objetivo: Comparar la prevalencia de SM en adolescentes que estudian en dos planteles educativos y ponderar los factores de riesgo en cada caso. Metodolog&iacute;a: Estudio transversal comparativo y anal&iacute;tico, llevado a cabo en 67 adolescentes de 14-18 a&ntilde;os de edad, procedentes del CBTis No.227 (n=32) y la secundaria No.96 (n=35), seleccionados de manera aleatoria. Se realizaron mediciones cl&iacute;nicas, antropom&eacute;tricas, nivel de sedentarismo y adictivas. Se asumi&oacute; el criterio ATP III para diagnosticar SM. Se aplic&oacute; X2. Nivel &alpha; &le; 0.05. Resultados: La prevalencia de SM en CBTis fue 6% y en la Secundaria fue 23%. En los alumnos del CBTis los factores de riesgo que se asociaron &nbsp;significativamente con SM fueron; Hipertensi&oacute;n arterial, &nbsp;Hipertrigliceridemia, Per&iacute;metro abdominal y Sobrepeso/Obesidad. En los alumnos de secundaria fueron Hipertrigliceridemia, Per&iacute;metro abdominal, Sobrepeso/Obesidad y en el l&iacute;mite, el Sedentarismo (p = 0.058). Discusi&oacute;n: Se encontr&oacute; una diferencia significativa en SM, Bajo nivel de HDLc y sedentarismo entre ambos planteles, probablemente se deba a la alimentaci&oacute;n y actividad f&iacute;sica espec&iacute;ficamente. Conclusi&oacute;n: La prevalencia de SM fue relativamente baja en ambos grupos escolares. Epidemiol&oacute;gicamente no se considera riesgo a los factores evaluados ya que se presentaron pocos casos de SM, sin embargo, los casos del CBTis, presentaron hipertensi&oacute;n arterial, hipertrigliceridemia, per&iacute;metro abdominal, sobrepeso/obesidad, sedentarismo, alcoholismo y tabaquismo.</div><div><br /></div><div>Palabras clave: S&iacute;ndrome metab&oacute;lico, adolescentes, sedentarismo, alcoholismo y tabaquismo.</div><div><br /></div><div>Abstract&nbsp;</div><div>Introduction: Currently the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among Mexican adolescents is on the increase, and the criteria for diagnosis are still heterogeneous. MS has the ability to predict risks associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease.&nbsp;</div><div>Objective: To compare the prevalence of MS in teenagers studying at two schools, weighing the risk factors in each case.&nbsp;</div><div>Methodology: Cross-sectional study comparative and analytical, conducted 67 adolescents 14-18 years of age, from the CBTis No.227 (n = 32) and the secondary No.96 (n = 35), selected randomly. They were measured clinical, anthropometric, level of sedentary and addictive. It took the ATP III criteria to diagnose MS. Applied X 2. Level &alpha; &le; 0.05.&nbsp;</div><div>Results: The prevalence of MS in CBTis was 6% and in the secondary was 23%. Risk factors significantly associated with MS CBTis students were; Arterial hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, abdominal perimeter and Overweight/obesity. High school students were hypertriglyceridemia, abdominal perimeter, Overweight/obesity and on the edge, the sedentary lifestyle (p = 0.058).&nbsp;</div><div>Discussion: Found a significant difference in MS, low-level HDLc and sedentary lifestyle between both campuses, probably due to food and physical activity specifically.&nbsp;</div><div>Conclusion: The prevalence of MS was relatively low in both school groups. Epidemiologically not considered risk factors evaluated since few cases of MS, however, arose the CBTis cases, had hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, abdominal perimeter, Overweight/obesity, sedentary lifestyle, alcoholism and smoking.</div><div><br /></div><div>Key words: Metabolic Syndrome, Adolescents, Sedentary Lifestyle, Alcoholism and Smoking.</div><div><br /></div>