bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the impact of astronomical forcing on ocean anoxia
Authors: Gérard Justin , Huygh Jarno , Sablon Loïc , Crucifix Michel , Da Silva Anne-Christine
Published: March 2024

The Devonian is a warmer-than-present geological period spanning from 419 to 359 million years ago (Ma) characterized by 29 identified ocean anoxic/hypoxic events. Despite decades of extensive investigation, no consensus regarding the mechanisms responsible for ocean anoxia has been achieved. Our study contributes to this general research effort, focuses on the astronomical pacing of anoxia throughout the Devonian and is substantiated by growing geologic records suggesting a link between astronomical forcing and anoxic events during this period. To investigate the role of the astronomical forcing we used the Earth system Model of Intermediate Complexity (EMIC) cGENIE, which has proven to be a reliable choice to simulate ocean oxygen spatial patterns and values. In this project, we first tested the impact of continental configuration and ocean biogeochemistry (pCO$_2$, PO$_4$ and pO$_2$) on the equilibrium of the system and the related dissolved ocean oxygen concentration. Then, we produced an in-depth analysis of the astronomical forcing contribution to ocean anoxia for well-chosen continental reconstruction and biogeochemical quantities values. Our results indicate that variations in continental configuration, even small, can exert a strong impact on ocean anoxia, underscoring the influence of paleoreconstructions uncertainties on the biogeochemical tracers of cGENIE. The astronomical forcing reveals to be able to modify the nature of the equilibrium of the system, going from a single-state value solution to an oscillatory behaviour. Our findings also offer insights into potential ocean lockdown mechanisms, providing plausible explanations for the prolonged persistence of certain anoxic events over several hundred thousand years.
Compound heatwave and drought hazard quantification in a large anthropized alpine basin.
Authors: Formetta Giuseppe , Morlot Martin
Published: March 2024

Heatwaves and droughts are among the natural hazards with frequencies and severities expected to increase due to climate change. Furthermore, they are responsible for a large range of social and economic impacts, such as agricultural losses, energy shortages, heat related mortality, etc. Previous works have shown that co-occurring drought and heatwave events lead to higher significant socio-economic damages compared to independent events. However, limited knowledge is available on quantifying spatial patterns of co-occurring droughts and heatwaves events, their severity, and frequency of occurrence, especially at high spatial and temporal resolution.The aim of this study is to quantify spatio-temporal changes of compound drought and heat wave events in a large anthropized alpine Italian basin, the Adige basin, located in the North of Italy, with area greater than 10,000km2 and containing a wide range of elevation from 160m to 3905m. We quantify changes in single and multiple drought and heat wave hazards during the period 1980-2018, based on hydrological simulations performed using a recently produced hydrological digital twin model at high spatial (5 km2) and temporal (daily) resolution. The model also includes artificial reservoirs and the combination of high resolution hydrological modeling and compound hazard estimation framework has a key advantage that: i) it captures single hazard evolution at daily time scale and ii) explicitly estimate the dependence between co-occurred events directly mapping critical susceptible regions.Preliminary results show increasing trends in number and severity of compound heat waves and drought events. Ongoing work aim to quantify the spatial distribution of the analysed compound events and the exposure in terms of population impacted and main land cover types. The proposed modeling framework may help improve the prediction and assessment of occurrences of compound heat waves and droughts events and the possible implementation of mitigation actions. The authors are supported by the WATERSTEM MUR PRIN 2020 (Prot. Number 20202WF53Z) and the COACH-WAT PRIN 2022 (Prot. Number 2022FXJ3NN).
The thermoroad - full-scale demonstration of geothermal 5th generation district heating and cooling combined with sustainable urban drainage
Authors: Poulsen Søren Erbs , Nielsen Kristoffer Bested , Tordrup Karl Woldum
Published: March 2024

The thermoroad combines a 5th generation district heating and cooling (5GDHC) grid with a sustainable urban drainage system (SUDS) by utilizing the roadbed for surface water retardation and as a geothermal energy source. The porous roadbed is hydraulically separated from the surrounding soil by a bentonite membrane and is able retain approximately 150 mm of infiltrating surface water when fully drained. Water is drained to the roadbed through drain grates and the roadbed is then drained to the sewer by embedded drainage pipes. The drainage pipes connect to a water brake that restricts maximum water flow to the sewer to 0.78 l/s. Therefore, water is prevented from overloading the sewer in case of extreme precipitation. Instead, the water accumulates in the roadbed and is safely drained to the sewer later. 1200 m of geothermal piping is embedded in the roadbed, separated in two groups on the manifold. A further 3 borehole heat exchangers have been established serving as backup and heat sink for cooling in the summer. A single 100 m long 40 mm 1U pipe has been placed below the central wastewater pipe at a depth of roughly 2.5 m, to harness the waste heat. Once commissioned, 12 single family houses are supplied with surface water management in addition to heating and cooling by ground source heat pumps connected the 5GDHC grid. The system is fully monitored, with energy meters on the brine side of the heat pumps and on the geothermal sources in addition to compiled weather station data from the field site. Model analysis of operational data from the first prototype of the thermoroad, shows that the energy extraction from the geothermal pipes in the roadbed is increased by 56% from the drainage of surface water. The thermoroad is an example of integration of the energy and water sectors where synergies are created. The project consortium has built the second prototype of the thermoroad in full scale and for real consumers near Horsens in central Jutland, Denmark. The thermoroad is commissioned in February 2024. We present the engineering approach behind the thermoroad and the first experience with commissioning of the system.
A web-based multi-hazard risk simulation service based on impact chains
Authors: Van Westen Cees , van den Bout Bastian , Twayana Rabina , Pittore Massimiliano , Dahal Ashok , Hazarika Manzul , Han Yu
Published: March 2024

There is a need for the development of databases for representing the complex hazard interactions and cascading impacts of multi-hazard extreme events, such as sequences of earthquake or storm-related events. The concept of impact chains has proven to be a useful concept for conceptually representing the risk related to such complex events, but applications have been mostly used for visualization purposes only.  In the context of the EU PARATUS project, a web-based simulation service is being developed for first and second responders and other stakeholders to evaluate the impact and risk related to multi-hazard events building upon a representation of scenario risk through impact chains. The simulation service includes a series of tools to gather, integrate, and develop new hazard and risk information. The central tool is the impact chain builder, where users can develop their own impact chain of past events, or future disaster events, and is used as a basis for quantifying direct damage and prioritizing secondary losses in different sectors. Several tools for hazard assessment will provide fast estimations of multiple hazards and can be linked to the impact chains. One of these is the FastFlood tool which allows to generate flood extent and depth maps for any area, within seconds, based on global datasets, or more detailed user-supplied data. The tool can also be used to evaluate the effect of risk reduction measures. Also, hazard tools for other processes are developed such as for mass movements, with initiation and runout components and linked to flood events. The hazard data is combined with elements-at-risk data, for exposure analysis in the RiskChanges tool. This tool allows to quantify losses, using a database of vulnerability functions. Multi-hazard losses are calculated using specific combination rules for different hazard interactions. The tool can also be used for evaluating optimal risk reduction alternatives, where the risk components are re-analyzed and the risk reduction is compared with investment in a cost-benefit analysis. Changes in risk for future scenarios, related to climate change, land use change, and population change, for certain future years, can also be analyzed using the tool. Other tools are still under development, such as a tool for collaborative planning. The exact number of components and the final structure of the platform will be determined iteratively through a series of stakeholder consultations, following a user-centered design. The platform is designed flexibly to be able to support stakeholders that work in different sectors, geographic settings, and interacting hazards, and at the same time to address (a number of) their needs for analyzing the impact of compounding multi-hazard events with cascading impacts.  
Biological legacies as nature-based solutions to maintain protective effects in alpine mountain forests
Authors: Richter Paul , Lingua Emanuele
Published: March 2024

In mountainous regions, protective forests are crucial for maintaining ecosystem stability. The impact of natural disturbances on these forests and their ability to provide essential ecosystem services is evident. Therefore, evaluating the remaining protection offered by biological legacies and the dynamics of forest recovery becomes highly relevant in the face of climate change.This research adopts a multiscale methodology, ranging from individual trees to landscape analysis, employing diverse techniques and data sources such as field studies, lidar, satellite imagery, and UAV data. The primary objective of this study is to enhance comprehension regarding the impact, capabilities, and real-time service life of natural disturbance legacies within protective forests, particularly in mitigating rockfall risks. Additionally, the research aims to contribute to a more profound understanding for a more ecologically sound and effective post-disturbance forest management approach. The study zones are located in the North-East of Italy and include areas impacted by windthrow as well as forest fire sites.Between five to ten years post-event, ongoing field assessments aim to comprehensively evaluate the degradation status of existing deadwood. This analysis takes into account specific conditions, including altitude, tree species, and soil characteristics. This comprehensive analysis involves the deployment of sensors for prolonged monitoring of moisture levels, water content in logs, climate data collection, and sampling for dry-matter content and decay assessment of deadwood. The ultimate objective of this research is to enhance scientific insights into decay conditions, contributing to a substantiated, application-oriented understanding of the "service lifetime" of biological legacies following a disturbance event in protective forests, particularly in their role against rockfall.
A Graph Neural Network emulator for greenhouse gas emissions inference
Authors: Fillola Elena , Santos-Rodriguez Raul , Rigby Matt
Published: March 2024

Inverse modelling systems relying on Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Models (LPDMs) are a popular way to quantify greenhouse gas emissions using atmospheric observations, providing independent evaluation of countries' self-reported emissions. For each GHG measurement, the LPDM performs backward-running simulations of particle transport in the atmosphere, calculating source-receptor relationships (“footprints”). These reflect the upwind areas where emissions would contribute to the measurement. However, the increased volume of satellite measurements from high-resolution instruments like TROPOMI cause computational bottlenecks, limiting the amount of data that can be processed for inference. Previous approaches to speed up footprint generation revolve around interpolation, therefore still requiring expensive new runs. In this work, we present the first machine learning-driven LPDM emulator that once trained, can approximate satellite footprints using only meteorology and topography. The emulator uses Graph Neural Networks in an Encode-Process-Decode structure, similar to Google’s Graphcast [1], representing latitude-longitude coordinates as nodes in a graph. We apply the model for GOSAT measurements over Brazil to emulate footprints produced by the UK Met Office’s NAME LPDM, training on data for 2014 and 2015 on a domain of size approximately 1600x1200km at a resolution of 0.352x0.234 degrees. Once trained, the emulator can produce footprints for a domain of up to approximately 6500x5000km, leveraging the flexibility of GNNs. We evaluate the emulator for footprints produced across 2016 on the 6500x5000km domain size, achieving intersection-over-union scores of over 40% and normalised mean absolute errors of under 30% for simulated CH4 concentrations. As well as demonstrating the emulator as a standalone AI application, we show how to integrate it with the full GHG emissions pipeline to quantify Brazil’s emissions. This method demonstrates the potential of GNNs for atmospheric dispersion applications and paves the way for large-scale near-real time emissions emulation. [1] Remi Lam et al.,Learning skillful medium-range global weather forecasting. Science 382,1416-1421 (2023). DOI:10.1126/science.adi233
Vortices and Dust Devils on Jezero Crater, Mars: inner thermal structure and dependence on surface properties 
Authors: Hueso Ricardo , Munguira Asier , Newman Claire , Martínez Germán , Sánchez-Lavega Agustín , del Río-Gaztelurrutia Teresa , Toledo Daniel , Apéstigue Víctor , Arruego Ignacio , Pla-García Jorge , Lemmon Mark , Lorenz Ralph , Vicntente-Retortillo Álvaro , Navarro-López Sara , Stott Alex , Murdoch Naomi , Gillier Martin , de la Torre-Juárez Manuel , Rodríguez-Manfredi Jose Antonio
Published: March 2024

We investigate the vortex and dust devil activity on Jezero crater over more than one and half Martian years of meteorological data acquired by the MEDA sensors on the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover. During the initial phase of the M2020 mission (sols 15-415, Ls=152º-156º, Martian Year 36, MY36) Perseverance observed a strong vortex activity with a high frequency of dust devils (Newman et al. Science Advances, 2022; Hueso et al. JGR: Planets, 2023). However, later activity over Martian Autumn-Winter (MY36) showed a strong decrease in the frequency and intensity of vortices and dust devils that continued in Spring MY37 when Perseverance was close to the crater rim. Later data acquired over Summer MY37 shows a comparable level of activity than the previous Martian year. In this work, we explore how the combination of changes in the surface properties of the terrain, and the influence of the topography over more than 24 km of terrain traversed, are needed to explain the different levels of activity observed in similar seasons. The lack of accurate wind data after sol 315, when the wind sensors started to operate with some limitations (Viudez-Moreiras et al., 2022), does not allow us at present to model accurately vortex sizes and their distance from MEDA after that sol. We explore how the combined measurements from the pressure sensor (PS), the Atmospheric Temperature Sensors (ATS), and the Remote Dust Sensors (RDS) constraining the geometry of encounters with Dust Devils, give us information about the thermodynamics of the vortices. This analysis is done for a small selection of vortices where the combination of PS-ATS and RDS data shows a consistent geometry of the vortex encounter that validates the temperature enhancements observed during the vortex encounters.
Using biomarker lipids to reconstruct soil fertility through time
Authors: De Jonge Cindy , Guo Jing jing , Hällberg Petter , Griepentrog Marco , Rifai Hamdi , Richter Andreas , Ramirez Edson , Zhang Xinbao , Smittenberg Rienk , Peterse Francien , Boeckx Pascal , Dercon Gerd
Published: March 2024

Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are ubiquitous membrane-spanning lipids with a wide environmental distribution. In soils, branched GDGTs are produced by a possibly large diversity of bacteria. The relative abundance of methyl groups attached to the central alkyl chains forms the basis of the paleotemperature proxy MBT’5ME. However, MBT’5ME values in soils can also be directly influenced by pH (De Jonge et al., 2021). A second group of compounds, the isoprenoid GDGTs, are produced by archaea. They have been used only sparsely as environmental proxies in soils, although they are at the base of the marine paleotemperature proxy TEX86. In soils, a compilation by Yang et al. (2016) illustrates that the temperature dependency of TEX86 is sometimes present, but potentially influenced by other soil (chemistry) parameters.In addition to temperature, other soil parameters are expected to vary with time, even on a Holocene timescale. For instance, soil mineral fertility (specifically, the concentration of exchangeable cations) will vary following ongoing soil formation influenced by climate, vegetation and/or land use changes. As soil mineral fertility will impact the soil nutrient status for vegetation and impact the soil capacity to store organic carbon (von Fromm et al., 2021), it is a relevant parameter to reconstruct over time. However, as soil fertility of surface soils will decrease during erosion or burial, this parameter can currently not be reconstructed quantitatively.To investigate the potential of GDGTs as soil fertility proxies, branched and isoprenoid GDGTs were measured in soils from 5 elevation transects (Austria, Bolivia, China, Indonesia and Tanzania; De Jonge et al., 2024) that cover a large gradient in mean annual temperature (0-28 ℃), seasonality, and soil chemical parameters. Supplemented with temperature and precipitation data, we evaluate both changes in absolute concentration and relative distribution of the GDGTs. Of the chemical parameters, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable iron are shown to correlate with the absolute abundance of several branched (6 methyl brGDGTs) and isoprenoid (crenarchaeol isomer) GDGT compounds. Based on these relations we have developed ratios as proxies for calcium (and summed bases) and iron (and summed metals) [r2=0.61-0.68, p
Revealing the continuity of offshore faults in the Seferihisar-İzmir (Turkey) Geothermal Area by modeling with Marine Seismic and Field Geology
Authors: Köktentürk Gizem , Çifçi Günay , Gürçay Savaş , Okay Günaydın Seda , Hasözbek Altuğ , Güngör Talip , Demirkıran Zülfü , Çobanoğlu Melih
Published: March 2024

This study aims to evaluate the geothermal potential and geological features of the Seferihisar area in Turkey by integrating marine seismic data with terrestrial geological observations. Additionally, the research highlights the significance of marine geophysics in exploring the existing geothermal systems in Seferihisar. In this scope, high-resolution marine multichannel seismic reflection data, collected in Seferihisar Bay along the Tuzla Fault is correlated with onshore drilling data obtained from the same fault.A 2D conceptual section and a 3D model were developed using the data from onshore geology, geochemistry, and geophysics to well better understanding of the geological structures related to the geothermal system in the study area. The results of geochemistry data in the geothermal wells indicated that the nutrition of the geothermal fluid is of both meteoric and sea water origin. The synthesis of onshore and offshore data facilitated the identification of the marine extension of the Tuzla Fault using a 3D model, emphasizing its influence on marine contributions and fluid dynamics within the geothermal system. Thus, revealing the continuity of Quaternary faults offshore and onshore will contribute to EMODnet Geology maps.The integration of a multidisciplinary approach enhanced our understanding of geothermal wells. This advancement not only aids in identifying new potential wells but also provides deeper insights into the risks associated with geothermal energy production.Keywords: Tuzla fault, geothermal energy, 3D modelling, onshore-offshore integration, marine seismic reflection,  EMODnet Geology maps
Hunting a phantom quarry “four miles from Metz”: Transboundary trade of Lorraine alabaster in the 16th century 
Authors: Kloppmann Wolfram , Acker Arthur , Leroux Lise , Lipińska Aleksandra
Published: March 2024

Towards the end of the 16th century, the first known hints emerge that the Lorraine region, and in particular the archbishopric of Metz, was a source of alabaster for sculpture in the principalities and bishoprics of the western part of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1587, a list of available alabaster deposits to be used for the epitaph of Magdalena zur Lippe commissioned  by the Landgrave Georg I of Hessen-Darmstadt, mentions an alabaster quarry “in the land of Lorraine, four miles from Metz” exported as far as to Würzburg in present-day Northern Bavaria. Ten years later, Metz alabaster was ordered for the decoration of the Schnellenberg castle in Westphalia.  Using geochemical fingerprinting, we found evidence that a common source of alabaster was used in the Metz region and further downstream, in the Mosel and Rhine valleys. Indeed, Alabaster was used broadly from the late 16th century onwards in the major episcopal towns Trier, Bonn and Cologne. We postulate that this “phantom quarry”, so far not identified in our isotopic database of historical European alabaster deposits, is identical with the one mentioned near Metz. Indeed, several alabaster-grade gypsum quarries, still mentioned in 19th century literature, could be found within a range of around 30 km around the town. We will present results of combined archival, geological and geochemical research, conducted in the framework of the Franco-German Materi-A-Net project (https://materi-a-net.uni-koeln.de/en/news/) co-funded by ANR and DFG within the FRAL program.
Impact of Urbanization and Agriculture cycles on Urban Heat Island Patterns and Aerosol Optical Depth over a City in Indo-Gangetic Plain, India
Authors: Kumar Singh Rohit , Satyanarayana Achanta Naga Venkata
Published: March 2024

The present study explores the complex dynamics of land utilization, urbanization, and environmental factors within the Kanpur (26.4499° N, 80.3319° E) region, situated amidst the extensive agricultural landscapes of the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). By examining various land classes, including vegetation, built-up areas, barren/fallow lands, and water bodies, during cultivation and harvest periods, we unveil a dynamic interplay influenced by seasonal agricultural cycles on urban heat island patterns. These transitions in land cover significantly impact Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD). Analysis of LST during cultivation and harvest periods reveals distinct temperature patterns, consistently higher in the city during cultivation but shifting to fallow and barren areas post-harvest. The UHI intensity exhibits dynamic variations during both cultivation and harvest periods, with UHI hotspots moving from the city to the outskirts, closely aligning with changes in land cover. Similarly, AOD patterns vary during cultivation and harvest, indicating increased AOD post-harvest, particularly in agricultural areas without crops. Higher AOD values during the harvest underscore the influence of land use land cover (LULC) changes on atmospheric aerosols. Concurrent with UHI trends, the Urban Air Pollution Index (UAPI) demonstrates that pollution hotspots shift from the city to the suburbs during the harvest. The study provides insights into the influence of urbanization on increasing zones of UHI and pollution hotspots within cities for proper environmental management practices.
Fault tolerant approach to regenerate Level 1B SAR altimetry waveforms for enhancing Level 2 retrackers performance
Authors: Khalili Shahin , Tourian Mohammad J. , Elmi Omid , Engels Johannes , Sneeuw Nico
Published: March 2024

This study deals with the identification and retrieval of anomalous waveforms generated in Level 1B processing chain of satellite altimetry over coastal areas and inland water bodies. Efficient identification of anomalous waveforms greatly improves the retracking performance, leading to the generation of precise water level time series that serve as vital inputs for hydrological studies. Abnormal behaviour in waveforms may be an indication of environmental changes, instrument malfunctions or other critical factors. To find anomalous waveforms, our framework utilizes an unsupervised machine learning technique. We categorise different parameters of the satellite's altimeter like AGC parameter, tracker range and features related to shape of waveforms for instance waveform’s skewness, number and location of peaks and so on for each sample in the dataset. Then we identify abnormal waveforms using a two-step density distribution probability analysis.The secondary purpose of this study is proposing a robust strategy to retrieve abnormal waveforms in the level 1B SAR processing chain. This step is vital for narrow rivers and small inland water bodies, in which low number of measurements on related cycle cause missing hydrology data. In contrast to previous studies focusing solely on investigating L2 waveforms to determine precise retracking gates for multipeak and noisy waveforms, we propose an additional step in the L1B processing chain, specifically tailored to coastal and inland waters, enabling the retrieval of abnormal waveforms. In both fully focused and unfocused SAR processing, the final waveform is formed through the combination of various beam looks from the altimeter during fixed illumination time in stacks to the desired point on the surface, certain looks in the stack may exhibit undesirable patterns due to variations in environmental characterization, antenna footprint, and sidelobe gain. The proposed methods will mitigate the presence of undesirable waveforms in the stack prior to the generation of the final waveforms.We apply the proposed methodology for Sentinel 3A and 3B datasets over different inland waters and validated our results against in-situ data. The results demonstrate that the water level time series, obtained by regenerated waveforms have significantly improved. The results show the potential of our proposed framework for detecting and retrieving anomalous waveforms leading to robust water level estimates from satellite altimetry data.
Soil nitrous oxide and methane fluxes from drained peatlands under grasslands in the hemiboreal zone
Authors: Vahter Hanna , Sardar Ali Muhammad Kamil , Schindler Thomas , Lazdiņš Andis , Bardule Arta , Kull Ain , Līcīte Ieva , Mander Ülo , Butlers Aldis , Jauhiainen Jyrki , Čiuldienė Dovilė , Soosaar Kaido
Published: March 2024

Organic peat soils, common in boreal, temperate, and tropical wet climate zones, represent one of the largest natural terrestrial carbon reservoirs. Europe has approximately 33 million hectares of organic soils, with 4.2% managed and 3.7% unmanaged. Grasslands, constituting 17.8% of managed organic soils (1.1% in Baltic countries), are often subjected to drainage, a common practice transforming these carbon-rich environments into significant greenhouse gas (GHG) sources. The drainage process alters nutrient cycling, impacting microbial activities that control nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and other GHG production and consumption.Our research aims to quantify CH4 and N2O emissions from grasslands on organic soils in the hemiboreal zone and evaluate to which extent they are regulated by drainage depth. Furthermore, this research contributes to the broader goal of sustainable agriculture and effective climate change mitigation strategies by updating and addressing the pressing need for updated region-specific emission factors (EF). The default IPCC (2014) Tier 1 EFs for grasslands on drained organic soils in the temperate zone are based on values from only seven sites presented in two publications. So far, there is no information from the hemiboreal zone in which the Baltic countries are located.To address these objectives, we conducted continuous field measurements in different periods in the years 2016–2023 in 14 sites in the Baltic Countries (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania). The full-year study periods cover the winter and growing seasons to capture seasonal dynamics. We divided the grasslands into groups: deep drained and shallow drained grasslands, and, as a reference, two undrained grasslands. We have taken the IPCC distribution as a basis, where deep drained sites have a mean groundwater level (GWL) of more than -30 cm and shallow drained sites with a mean GWL of less than -30 cm.Soil N2O and CH4 fluxes from the soil were measured using the manual dark static chamber technique, with the number of measurement subplots ranging from 5 to 9. The frequency of measurements varied, being conducted biweekly (Estonia) and monthly (Latvia, Lithuania). During each gas sampling session, soil water content (SWC) and soil temperature (Tsoil) were measured manually at each monitoring point close to the GHG measurement subplots. Additionally, GWL parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, and oxygen concentration were manually measured during each sampling session. Water samples for chemical analysis were taken once a month from the sampling wells to analyze.At the conference, updated EFs for Baltic countries, the soil N2O and CH4 flux dynamics, and their relation to the GWL will be presented.
Using spatio-temporal neural networks to investigating teleconnections and enhance S2S forecasts of european extreme weather 
Authors: Bommer Philine L. , Kretschmer Marlene , Boehnke Paul , Hoehne née Vidovic Marina M.-C.
Published: March 2024

Decision making and efficient early warning systems for extreme weather rely on subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) forecasts. However, the chaotic nature of the atmosphere impedes predictions by dynamical forecast systems on the S2S time scale. Improved predictability may arise due to remote drivers and corresponding teleconnections in so-called windows of opportunities, but using knowledge of such drivers to boost S2S forecast skill is challenging. Here, we present a spatio-temporal deep neural network (DNN), predicting a time series of weekly North Atlantic European (NAE) weather regimes on lead-times of one to six weeks during boreal winter. The spatio-temporal architecture combines a convolutional Long-short-term-memory (convLSTM) encoder with an Long-short-term-memory (LSTM) decoder and was built to consider both short and medium-range variability as information. As predictors it uses 2D (image) time series input data of expected drivers of European winter weather, including the stratospheric polar vortex  and tropical sea surface temperatures, alongside the 1D time series of NAE regimes. Our results indicate that additional information provided in the image time series yield a skill score improvement for longer lead times. In addition, by analysing periods of enhanced or decreased predictability of the DNN, we can infer further information regarding prevalent teleconnections.
Groundwater Recharge Mechanisms in the Lake Clusters of the Badain Jaran Desert and the Salinity of Confined Aquifers Based on the Electrical Conductivity Model of Pore-fluid Saturated Sandstone
Authors: Yi Xiangcheng , Ye* Gaofeng , Jin Sheng , Wei Wenbo , Zhang Yong
Published: March 2024

The Badain Jaran Desert, located in the western part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China, distinguishes itself from typical deserts by its abundance of lakes and rich groundwater reserves. At the Badain Jaran Desert, 153 magnetotelluric sounding stations have been explored to perform one-dimensional and three-dimensional inversion analyses of the collected magnetotelluric dataset. The results of one-dimensional inversion at each sounding station, where the top interface of the first underground low-resistivity layer is less than 400 meters, were used to build a map of the potentiometric surface level of the study area. This map aligns closely with the findings from hydrological surveys. The three-dimensional resistivity model indicates the existence of a conductive layer at the deep of 2-3 km, interpreted as a sandstone-confined aquifer, located between the mountain areas surrounding the Badain Jaran Desert and its clusters of lakes. Moreover, there is an almost vertical conductive zone underneath the lake cluster, which is interpreted as the discharge area of the confined aquifer. This zone is related to the upward flow of deep groundwater through fractures, replenishing both the lakes and the shallow groundwater, while the surrounding mountainous regions of the desert act as the recharge areas for this confined aquifer. Finally, an estimation of the volumetric percentage of saline fluid in the confined aquifer was derived based on the electrical conductivity model of pore-fluid saturated sandstone, yielding the saline fluid content that meets the resistivity/conductivity range conditions of the confined aquifer.
Multiple-threshold informational predictability applied to rainfall intensities
Authors: Carsteanu Alin Andrei , Aguilar Flores César , Fernández Méndez Félix
Published: March 2024

Predictability, in its informational sense, has been defined as the expected value of the logarithm of conditional probability of the predicted variable, conditioned on its predictors (Fernández Méndez et al., SERRA 37, pp.2651–2656, 2023). While the formulation in the cited work allows for assigning a normalized predictability value between 0 and 1 for any conditional probability distribution whose essential range has finite cardinality, the application therein only deals with Bernoulli-type distributions (i.e., 2 feasible states, in the case of rainfall, rain / no rain). The present study extends the scope of the application of informational predictability to multiply-thresholded rainfall intensity time series, and analyses the resulting conclusions.
Combining satellite images with national forest inventory measurements for monitoring post-disturbance forest height growth
Authors: Pellissier-Tanon Agnès , Ciais Philippe , Schwartz Martin , Fayad Ibrahim , Xu Yidi , Ritter François , de Truchis Aurélien , Véga Cédric , Leban Jean-Michel
Published: March 2024

The understanding of forest growth is crucial for the preservation of forests in the future. Factors such as tree species, age, forest management and environmental conditions influence this growth.Tree height and age data can be combined to describe forest growth and infer known environmental effects. In this study, we constructed height-age growth curves for 14 monospecific and mixed-species stands using ground measurements and satellite data in northern France. A random forest height model was constructed using tree species and age, area of disturbance, and 125 environmental parameters (climate, altitude, soil composition, geology, stand ownership, and proximity to road and urban areas). Through feature elimination and SHAP analysis, six key features were identified that explain forest growth and their effect on height was investigated.The agreement between satellite and ground data justifies their simultaneous exploitation. Age and tree species emerged as the primary predictors of tree height, accounting for 49% and 10% of the variation, respectively. Post-disturbance growth is influenced by the disturbed patch area, which reveals the regeneration method, accounting for 19% of the variation. Soil pH, altitude, and summer climatic water budget have varying effects on tree height depending on age and tree species.The agreement between satellite and ground data justifies their simultaneous exploitation. Age and tree species are the primary predictors of tree height, accounting for 49% and 10% of the variation, respectively. Post-disturbance growth is influenced by the disturbed patch area, which reveals the regeneration method, accounting for 19% of the variation. Soil pH, altitude, and summer climatic water budget have varying effects on tree height depending on age and tree species. The integration of satellite and field data shows potential for analyzing future forest evolution.
Homegarden Agroforestry a Nature Based Solution for Biodiversity Conservation in Agricultural Systems 
Authors: Sharma Rashmita , Mina Usha , Devi Ashalata
Published: March 2024

Biodiversity loss is one of the major factors affecting agroecosystems worldwide, threatening primary ecosystem functions and services. Homegarden (HG) agroforestry, one of the earliest food production systems is also often celebrated for its potential role in agrobiodiversity conservation. This study analyzed the role of HG of Brahmaputra Valley, Assam in agrobiodiversity conservation in the overall agricultural framework. This study was done along the framework of different socio-ecological zones (SEZs) observed in the study site. These SEZs selected were protected areas (PA), tea estates (TE), riverine (RI), and rural market (RM). The field data collected was between March 2022- April 2023. A high number and diversity of agrobiodiversity was observed in the study site. The majority of HG reported from the field were old HGs- age (55-114 years), structure (2-3 canopy layers), size (0.0134-0.8026 ha), Simpson plant diversity index (0.648-0.72), livestock diversity and number (3,0-77) and annual income from HG up to (approx. ₹550000). The agrobiodiversity in the oldest HG is high w.r.t youngest HG. In all SEZs, except tea state, critically endangered, endangered, and vulnerable tree species namely - Aquilaria malaccensis, Livistona jenkinsiana Griff, and Mesua ferrea L; Canarium strictum Roxb were recorded. It indicates that these HG systems, apart from acting as important agricultural systems, are also important sites for agrobiodiversity conservation.  
Unravaling the cascading mechanisms of rock-ice avalanche triggering hyper-mobility glacial debris flow in southeast Tibet
Authors: Wang Tengfei , Huang Taosheng , Shen Ping
Published: March 2024

Under the background of global warming, the risk of geo-hazard in the cryosphere has increased with the retreat of glaciers. Several similar large-scale glacial debris flows with high mobility occurred in the southeast Tibet Plateau during the summer season which has drawn the attention of scientists. One typical event occurred on 10 September 2020 near Namcha Barwa Peak. The initial landslide finally changed into a glacial debris flow with high water content and high mobility under the condition of little precipitation. To solve the questions: 1) why is the glacial debris flow in southwest Tibet more prone in the warm season? 2) How is the initiation mechanism of this glacial debris flow with little rainfall? 3) What is the major source of water for this large debris flow? and 4) Which factors dominate the high mobility characteristic of this debris flow event? By conducting field investigation and comparing the satellite images before and after the event, we have revealed a rock-ice avalanche on the ridge above the landslide area to be contemporary with the event. This finding produced the hypothesis on the initiation process: rock-ice avalanche – moraine deposit failure – glacial debris flow, which has been inferred for many other similar events but not quantitatively proved. To test the hypothesis, we conducted thermal-hydraulic-mechanical coupled numerical modeling with the impact of freeze-thaw cycles and rock-ice avalanche on the stability of the moraine deposit. The results demonstrate that the avalanche event triggered the moraine landslide, with freeze-thaw cycles as the control factor. Generally, long-term freeze-thaw cycles alone are insufficient to set off the hazard chain. At the same time, seasonal temperature variation that controls ice-water phase change dominates the stability of moraine deposits under rock-ice avalanche in different seasons. In warm seasons, rock-ice avalanches would trigger moraine deposit failure more easily due to abundant water content that facilitates pore pressure increase, and liquefaction of moraine. By conducting multi-phase modeling of glacial debris flow, we have proven that the initial water content and entrainment of water during the development of the debris flow are the main water sources of this debris flow event. Moreover, the high water content in the initial landslide together with the entrainment process should also account for the high mobility characteristic of glacial debris flow. This work answered the long-lasting scientific questions about the initiation mechanism and dynamics of hyper-mobility glacial debris flow disaster chain under the background of climate change.
Simulations of Io plasma torus around Jupiter: Predictions for Lenghu Observatory
Authors: Tan Xiaoyi , He Fei , Kagitani Masato , Zhao Yong , Yao Zhonghua , Rong Zhaojin , Wei Yong
Published: March 2024

Characterizing the temporal evolution of the three-dimensional structure of the Io plasma torus is essential to understand the dynamics of the Jovian magnetosphere. Optical imaging is a powerful tool to uncover the global torus structure. Currently, two ground-based optical telescopes with diameters of 0.8 m and 1.8 m, respectively, are under construction at the Lenghu Observatory for Planetary Science on the Tibetan Plateau of China, to systematically observe the Io plasma torus at wavelengths between 392 nm and 1100 nm. These telescopes will begin to operate in the end of 2023. In order to support the inversion and scientific interpretation of the Io plasma torus images, we perform systematic simulations of the Io plasma torus in this work. First, a three-dimensional model of electron and ion densities and electron temperature is constructed first. Then the emissions of O 372.7 nm, O 372.9 nm, S 406.9 nm, S 671.8 nm, S 673.1 nm, and S 953.2 nm are simulated from the perspective of observing from the Earth. The simulated emission intensities and distributions are consistent with previous observations. This work provides a state-of-the-art convenient tool for groundbased telescope observation of the Io plasma torus at a specific site and time, and also benefits future inversion of images to obtain physical parameters of Io plasma torus.
Cyprus Regional Development Project (CRDP): towards an integrated approach into the research and management of maritime cultural heritage
Authors: Demetriou Anna , Blue Lucy , Michael Maria , Giatsiatsou Paschalina
Published: March 2024

The Ocean Decade brings to the fore the need to adopt an integrated approach into the research and management of maritime cultural heritage, to respond to the increasing challenges developed due to climate change and societal and economic changes. This is the aim of the Cyprus Regional Development Project (CRDP) funded and lead by the Honor Frost Foundation. The project focuses at Agia Napa coast, at the east of Cyprus. This is an area which holds testimonies of human activities dating from the pre-Neolithic period onwards. At the same time, however, contemporary development and the subsequent extensive building activity that took place off the coast of Agia Napa from the 1970s onwards, has altered the maritime cultural landscape of the region. In this context, the project aims to develop an informed and integrated model for the protection, research, management, and dissemination of Maritime Cultural Heritage. To achieve this, the project encourages the collaboration among different disciplines from Institutions from Cyprus and the UK to gather data and document maritime cultural and natural heritage of the region, as well as the contemporary threats of the maritime landscape of the region. In this framework, the project works on developing and testing in the field easily accessed tools that will embrace the interdisciplinary approach on the documentation and management of the sites. At the same time, to ensure continuity of the deployment of this model not only in Cyprus, but also in the wider eastern Mediterranean, the project focuses training and capacity building to scholars from the region, increasing their knowledge on the topics under investigation.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CMMI was established as a “Center of Excellence” in Marine and Maritime Research, Technology Development & Innovation (RTDI) and has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 857586 and matching  funding from the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.
Maximum depositional age and provenance of the Cretaceous Icheonri Formation in southeast Korea using detrital zircon U-Pb dating
Authors: Kim Ga-yeon , Chae Yong-Un , Joo Young Ji , Choi Taejin , Lim Hyoun Soo
Published: March 2024

The Gyeongsang Basin, Korea, is a non-marine sedimentary basin formed in an active continental margin setting by the subduction of proto-Pacific plates beneath the East Asian continent during Early Cretaceous time. The basin fill is divided into four Goups based on volcanism and plutonism. They are the Sindong (no volcanic materials), Hayang (some volcanic materials), Yucheon (mostly volcanic materials), and Bulguksa intrusive Groups. Since siliciclastic sediments were dominant in the early stages of basin evolution, it was relatively easy to classify the relative ages of strata through lithostratigraphy. However, the chronostratigraphic correlation of the Yucheon sediments is very difficult due to the intermittent development of siliciclastic deposits compared to volcaniclastics by increased volcanic activity. The Icheonri Formation, belonging to the Yucheon Group, is very difficult to correlate chronostratigraphy with other strata. Additionally, radiolarian-bearing chert pebbles, whose source rocks have not been reported in Korea, were recently found in the Icheonri Formation, raising interest in their provenance. Therefore, LA-MS-ICP-MS detrital zircon U-Pb dating was performed on two sandstone samples to constrain the maximum deposition age of the formation and obtain information about their provenance. Both samples showed a relatively wide age range, from the Precambrian to the Cretaceous. Among them, the weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages of the youngest age clusters were calculated to be 99.76±0.58 Ma (n=10, MSWD=1.5) and 99.86±0.38 Ma (n=25, MSWD=1.5), respectively. These ages correspond to the early Cenomanian in geological time scale. The presence of radiorarian-bearing chert pebbles and significant concentrations of Permian zircons in the Icheonri Formation raises the likelihood that some of the sediments that comprise the formation are from SW Japan. This study provides important evidence indicating that before the opening of the East Sea, the Korean Peninsula and Japan were closer together than they are now. The temporal and spatial variations of the origin and supply processes from the source to the sink, however, still require more investigation.