bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multicentric Study of Clinicopathological Features of Primary Gastrointestinal Lymphoma of Iran: from 2011 - 2016
Authors: Bidarizerehpoosh Farahnaz , Ghasemi Samira , Moradi Arsham , Moradi Afshin , Kazeminezhad Behrang , Jamali Elena , Mollasharifi Tahmineh , Ghaffarzadehgan Kamran , Dehghan Arash , Movafagh Abolfazl , Sadeghi Amir , Ahadi Mahsa , Zahedifard Sara , Saberafsharian Malihe
Published: November 2021

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the most common site for extranodal lymphoma. The primary GI lymphoma pattern in Iran is different from western countries and has been changed during the past 40 years. Objectives: This study was done to determine the clinical and pathological characteristics of primary GI lymphoma in Tehran, Hamedan, and Mashhad regions in Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional comparative-descriptive study, 200 patients with primary GI lymphoma in Tehran, Hamadan, and Mashhad regions from 2011 to 2016 were enrolled in a consecutive manner, where the clinical and pathological characteristics of cases were determined. Results: Among 200 patients, 141 (70.5%) subjects were male and 59 (29.5%) subjects were female. The mean age at diagnosis was 54.3 ± 19.3 years. Also, 84%, 8.5%, and 7.5% of the patients’ specimens were from Tehran, Hamedan, and Mashhad, respectively. The stomach was the principal involved location in approximately half of the cases. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), was the main subtype that was observed in 64% of the cases. Treatment in 72% of cases was a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. The 5-year survival was assessed in 147 patients with a rate of 68%. Conclusions: Primary GI lymphoma is seen more in male subjects younger than 60 years of age with non-specific symptoms. Also, DLBCL and MALToma are the main histologic types, and the 5-year survival for all cases is 68.0%. The clinical symptoms showed no specific pattern and accordingly, patients with weight loss and abdominal pain should be considered in in differential diagnosis of malignant lymphoma.
Investigating Differential Expression of mTOR1/UCA1 in Tumor Samples of Colorectal Cancer Compared with Tumor Marginal Samples
Authors: Alamdar Maryam , Sadeghizadeh Majid
Published: November 2021

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second and third most common cancer in men and women respectively, and the fourth cause of cancer death of individuals. Mutations in specific genes can lead to colorectal cancer. UCA1 is one of the oncogenic genes that have been shown to stimulate cell proliferation. mTOR1 is another gene that leads to the growth of cancer cells through anabolic processes and autophagy inhibition. Objectives: In this study, we evaluate the expression of these two genes in different phases of CRC, that helps the early detection of colorectal cancer which can increase the survival rate. Methods: First, we collected 25 colorectal cancer tumor tissues and 25 adjacent normal tissues as a control group. Then, RNA was extracted from tissue samples and cDNA synthesized. The UCA1 and mTOR1 expression was evaluated in CRC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues by Real Time PCR. Results: Our results showed that the UCA1 and mTOR1 expression in the tumor tissues was significantly higher than in the adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.05). There was also a significant difference in Lynph inv and Vescu inv with mTOR1 expression (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Our results showed that UCA1/mTOR1 may be important genes involved in colorectal cancer. mTOR1 was also identified as one of the possible genes in metastasis of colorectal cancer. Thus, UCA1 and mTOR1 can probably be considered as biomarkers in CRC therapy and diagnosis.
A Rare Case of Ralstonia pickettii Infection in a Patient Undergoing Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Zhou Liyan , Qin Weijuan , Liang Zhengyi , Wei Huanhuan , Wu Xiaoning
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The incidence of infection by Ralstonia is increasing. Several reports describing infection by these bacteria in immunocompromised patients have been published. In this study, we reported a case of Ralstonia pickettii infection in a patient with normal immunity. Case Presentation: A woman presented with fever after thyroid surgery. We identified R. pickettii in her blood culture using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The patient’s condition improved clinically upon treatment with levofloxacin. Conclusions: Our report highlights the potential of Ralstonia to cause sepsis in patients with normal immunity and emphasizes the importance of blood culture testing when a hospitalized patient has an unexplained high fever.
Revisiting an Old Quarrel
Authors: de Gramont Jérôme , Knight Taylor ,   DePaul University
Published: November 2021

In this article, the French philosopher Jérôme de Gramont evaluates the modes in which twentieth century philosophy and literature—from Heidegger and Derrida to Blanchot and Beckett—aim to think our being-in-the-world beyond the concept of “man” and without the genus of the human.
Overview of common infection prevention and control infractions and complaints in personal service settings in Ontario in 2018: a descriptive analysis
Authors: Paphitis Katherine , Ryding David , MacDougall Colin , Callery Sandra , Catt Barbara , Garber Dr. Gary
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Aesthetic services can pose a potential risk of infection to clients if instruments are not discarded or reprocessed after each use. Public health inspectors (PHIs) inspect personal service settings (PSS) to monitor compliance with infection prevention and control (IPAC) requirements. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of various IPAC infractions in Ontario PSS that were identified during routine compliance inspections and whether these were similar to those identified during investigations in these settings in which an IPAC lapse was deemed to exist.

Methods

PSS inspection results were analyzed from three public health units (PHUs) in Ontario in 2018. Premises were grouped into three premises types (hairdressing/barbering, aesthetics, and body modification) and infractions from 16 IPAC compliance categories were compared. Results of IPAC lapse investigations for all of Ontario were also compared across premises types.

Results

There were 5,386 inspections conducted in 4,483 PSS by three PHUs in 2018. PSS offering aesthetics were most likely to have infractions identified. Common infractions were related to inappropriate reuse of single-use and reusable instruments. Of the 121 IPAC lapses reported by PHUs in 2018, 52 (43.0%) were in PSS, and 73.1% of these were associated with nail salons/spas.

Conclusions

Operators could benefit from increased awareness of infection control best practices and the potential for infections to occur if these are not followed. PHIs could consider an alternate frequency of PSS inspection to increase operator education and compliance with minimum IPAC requirements.
Non-Euclidean Geometry Lesson Promotes Mathematical Reasoning
Authors: Williams Derek A. , Fulton Kelly , Silver Travis , Nehring Alec
Published: November 2021

A two-day lesson on taxicab geometry introduces high school students to a unit on proof.
Compare and Discuss Multiple Strategies
Authors: Star Jon R. , Jeon Soobin , Comeford Rebecca , Clark Patricia , Rittle-Johnson Bethany , Durkin Kelley
Published: November 2021

CDMS is a routine that allows teachers to organize instruction around students’ mathematical discussions and multiple problem-solving methods.
Eight Unproductive Practices in Developing Fact Fluency
Authors: Kling Gina , Bay-Williams Jennifer M.
Published: November 2021

Basic fact fluency has always been of interest to elementary school teachers and is particularly relevant because a wide variety of supplementary materials of varying quality exist for this topic. This article unpacks eight common unproductive practices with basic facts instruction and assessment.
Golden Ratio Butterflies
Authors: Grandi Clarissa
Published: November 2021

This piece is a rumination on flow, pattern, and edges/transitions, focusing on polynomials of odd degree and overlaying/underlaying the flow of the graphical structure with a rainbow to suggest the central importance of queer visibility in mathematics.
Unraveling resilience: Personality predicts exposure and reaction to stressful life events
Authors: Asselmann Eva , Klimstra Theo A. , Denissen Jaap J. A.
Published: November 2021

Resilience is a key construct in psychology, which describes the maintenance of comparatively good mental health despite of environmental adversities or successful recovery from such adversities. Furthermore, it labels a specific personality type, characterized by high levels across the Big Five. However, whether the resilient type predicts less unfavorable mental health changes around environmental adversities remains unresolved. In a nationally representative sample from the Netherlands (LISS panel, N = 12,551), we longitudinally examined whether changes of internalizing symptoms around four stressful life events (unemployment, disability, divorce, and widowhood) differed between resilients and non-resilients. Internalizing symptoms increased before but decreased after each event, indicating recovery. Compared to non-resilients, resilients experienced a weaker symptom increase before the onset of unemployment and a stronger symptom rebound after the onset of disability. Thus, resilients maintained higher levels of mental health and recovered faster when faced with specific adversities, which underscores the importance of personality types in resilience.
GeoGebra grupos e objetos de aprendizagem: um recurso para exploração do raciocínio covariacional em tempos de aulas não presenciais
Authors: Lima Jeferson Moizés , Siple Ivanete Zuchi
Published: November 2021

Este relato apresenta a experiência vivenciada por um professor de matemática do Ensino Médio na transição das aulas presenciais para remotas em tempos da pandemia da COVID-19. Nele, será descrita uma prática sobre o ensino de funções, na perspectiva do raciocínio covariacional em uma turma de alunos do primeiro ano do Ensino Médio, detalhando a utilização de objetos de aprendizagem construídos no GeoGebra e da ferramenta Grupos, uma sala de aula virtual disponibilizada pelo GeoGebra on-line, no desenvolvimento das atividades. Os objetos de aprendizagem foram construídos com foco no desenvolvimento do raciocínio covariacional e nos diferentes registros de representação de um mesmo objeto matemático. Essa ênfase foi dada, pois esse tipo raciocínio, pouco desenvolvido nos alunos e importante para o estudo de funções, é utilizado para interpretação, representação e justificativa de como valores de duas quantidades (magnitudes), em uma determinada situação, variam simultaneamente e um em relação ao outro. As atividades desenvolvidas propiciaram aos alunos a exploração do conceito de função por meio de diferentes representações de situações-problemas, tais como a visualização da situação-problema, a linguagem natural utilizada por eles em seus argumentos para justificar escolhas e as representações gráficas realizadas.
Da Impulsão à Expressividade: Uma Análise da Expressividade Artística a Partir da Filosofia Deweyana
Authors: Piai Maria Aparecida Lima
Published: November 2021

John Dewey trouxe contribuições muito significativas para nos ajudar a compreender melhor a experiência de estar e se expressar no mundo. Com base em sua filosofia da educação, este trabalho pretende apresentar e discutir a ideia de expressividade enquanto ato e objeto e, investigar porque ela se diferencia da impulsão ou ato de descarga direta. Além disso, também analisaremos qual seria o papel da experiência deweyana, na expressividade artística. Com o intuído de organizar as ideias ou conceitos apresentados, o texto foi dividido em tópicos com a pretensão apresentar e/ou responder seguintes questões: O que diferencia uma impulsão ou descarga direta da emoção de um ato expressivo? Qual a relação entre a experiência e o ato expressivo? A possível diferença entre ato e o objeto expressivo? Quais as duas modalidades de respostas do ato expressivo e como elas funcionam? E, o que é necessário para que um objeto seja expressivo?
Museu na Escola-Laboratório de John Dewey
Authors: Minerini Jose
Published: November 2021

Este artigo apresenta a proposta de Escola-Laboratório de John Dewey, na qual se destaca a presença de um espaço dedicado a museu dentro do ambiente escolar. Para analisar essa proposta, fez-se necessário analisar a função educacional de museus e suas implicações educacionais tanto na escola quanto fora dela.
Experiências em arte/educação no espaço urbano: entre o Divisor (1968) e os Domingos da Criação (1971)
Authors: Sirtoli Guilherme Susin , Bertinetti Giulianna Picolo
Published: November 2021

Neste trabalho, discute-se a experimentação em arte/educação enquanto possibilidade de experiências formadoras na construção de um cotidiano sensível. Em uma contemporaneidade, permeada por um número exorbitante de relações anestésicas e uma crise dos sentidos (DUARTE JÚNIOR, 2000), o contato com o outro torna-se cada vez mais distante. A arte surge enquanto possibilidade de experiências sem início e fim delimitados, através da prática experimental (DEWEY, 2010). Considerando a arte enquanto meio de integrar o sujeito para com o espaço da cidade, retomamos a memória da proposição coletiva ‘Divisor’ (1968), da artista brasileira Lygia Pape, e as experiências poético/educativas propostas pelos ‘Domingos da Criação’, organizados e desenvolvidos por Frederico de Moraes nos jardins do MAM Rio em 1971. Tais produções são marcadas pela construção de novas relações capazes de potencializar a experiência na cidade por meio da criação artística, visto que a arte não é descolada da vida, mas faz parte e atua diretamente na mesma, aos moldes deweyneanos. As proposições, desenvolvidas no período contracultural brasileiro,, vão de encontro à necessidade constante de uma vivência consciente da forma com que habitamos o espaço cidade, modificando as relações com o espaço urbano, visto que arte e vida não estão separadas.
Considerações sobre a aula de arte: repensando saberes e fazeres
Authors: Reichert Maiquel Cristian , André Carminda Mendes
Published: November 2021

Propomos neste artigo, refletir sobre aspectos importantes da aula de Arte em contexto educacional formal ou não-formal – nosso foco não se encontra na relação com as instituições mas com a questão epistemológica do fazer docente. Para começar propomos a diferenciação entre criatividade e invenção, aspectos políticos de ambos os conceitos e porque para nós inventar é um ato de emancipação dos sujeitos e criar, no sentido amplamente usado na educação, se configura um conceito cooptado por uma ideia mercadológica de educação. Analisamos a aula de Arte e sua relação com a ideia de arte relacional, ou participativa como preferimos. Por fim, pensamos nas contribuições que a arte pode oferecer à educação e seus modos de fazer, para isso visionamos uma educação, no sentido amplo,  pelo paradigma artístico e buscamos entender os fundamentos da educação pelo paradigma científico em voga, o das ciências cognitivas.
First record of tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae), in La Rioja: Public Health implications
Authors: Ruiz-Arrondo Ignacio , Cánovas José Luis , Delacour-Estrella Sarah , Santibáñez Paula , Oteo José Antonio
Published: November 2021

En 2016 se estableció un sistema anual de vigilancia entomológica para la detección de Aedes albopictus en la comunidad autónoma de La Rioja. En el verano de 2020, se detectó por primera vez la presencia de huevos en una zona urbana, lo que constituye el primer registro de esta especie en la región. La identificación de este mosquito invasor supone un cambio en el riesgo de aparición de casos de arbovirosis en La Rioja. La vigilancia entomológica es crucial para el diseño de estrategias de control que, junto con la vigilancia epidemiológica, puedan evitar la aparición de brotes autóctonos de arbovirosis. En este trabajo se detalla el proceso de la primera detección de mosquito tigre en La Rioja, así como las intervenciones llevadas a cabo y las perspectivas de futuro.

In 2016, an annual entomological surveillance program for the detection of Aedes albopictus in the autonomous community of La Rioja was established. In the summer of 2020, the presence of eggs was detected for the first time in an urban area, which constitutes the first record of this species in the region. The identification of this invasive mosquito implies a change in the risk of occurrence of arbovirus cases in La Rioja. Entomological surveillance is crucial for the design of control strategies that, together with epidemiological surveillance, can prevent the appearance of autochthonous arbovirus outbreaks. This work is a detailed description of the first detection of tiger mosquito in La Rioja, as well as the completed interventions, and the perspectives for the future.
investigadores junior españoles y su implicación en la ciencia abierta
Authors: Rodríguez-Bravo Blanca , Nicholas David
Published: November 2021

El objetivo es indagar en las actitudes y prácticas de los jóvenes investigadores españoles hacia la ciencia abierta. Se analiza su interés por compartir en abierto publicaciones y datos, por colaborar con otros investigadores y stakeholders, por difundir su investigación y por perseguir el impacto de los resultados científicos.
La metodología se fundamenta en entrevistas y encuestas dirigidas a Early Career Researchers (ECRs) españoles.
Los resultados muestran el interés de los investigadores noveles por la ciencia abierta, pero también la necesidad de reconocimiento de las acciones implicadas en ella como requisito para su consolidación entre investigadores en situación precaria. La financiación es también un factor crítico a considerar.

The aim is to investigate the attitudes and practices of Spanish Early Career Researchers (ECRs) towards open science. Their interest in sharing openly publications and data, in collaborating with other researchers and stakeholders, in disseminating their research and in looking for results’ impact is analyzed.
The methodology is based on interviews and surveys directed to Spanish Early Career Researchers (ECRs).
The results show the interest of novice researchers in open science, but also the need for recognition of the actions involved in it as a requirement for its consolidation among researchers in a precarious situation. Funding is a critical factor to be considered as well.
Que savons-nous des facteurs liés à l’implication des parents dans l’éducation préscolaire et des stratégies pour la favoriser ?1
Authors: Poissant Julie , Bénard Houria , Poulin François
Published: November 2021

Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude de portée sur les facteurs liés à l’implication des parents dans l’éducation préscolaire ainsi que les stratégies permettant de la favoriser. L’analyse de 17 études portant sur la période préscolaire, publiées entre 2010 et 2020, a fait ressortir 13 des 14 facteurs du modèle de Hornby et Lafaele (2011). Un facteur propre à la période préscolaire s’est toutefois ajouté. Des stratégies sont proposées par différents acteurs pour accroitre l’implication des familles, bien que leur efficacité reste à démontrer. Cinq constats principaux émergent de l’analyse et permettent de dégager des pistes pour l’intervention et la recherche.
With and beyond Max Weber: The process of rationalisation
Authors: Ferrarotti Franco
Published: November 2021

At the basis of the lasting, even growing, fascination of Max Weber as man and thinker there are probably two reasons. First, there is an essential reason: Weber tackles a central theme, still today at the heart of our concerns, and to which he returns in all his works, more or less directly - the nature, direction, and future of the “modern world.” Second, there is the question of the method in the broad sense of the word, including the theoretical-conceptual apparatus and specific research techniques, or an especially immediate démarche. What is, for Weber, the “modern world”?
Energy exchange in ultrafast dynamics of atom with strong laser fields
Authors: Li Ying-Bin , Qin Ling-Ling , Chen Hong-Mei , Li Yi-Han , He Jin-Jin , Shi Lu-Ke , Zhai Chun-Yang , Tang Qing-Bin , Liu Ai-Hua , Yu Ben-Hai ,   College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China,   Institute of atomic and molecular physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
Published: November 2021

Using the three-dimensional classical ensemble model, we investigate the dependence of the energy absorbed by two electrons (Ar atom as an example) from the laser field on the laser parameters (wavelength, laser intensity and ellipticity). The results show that when the laser intensity is fixed and the wavelength increases, the energy absorbed by the two electrons from the laser field increases as a whole, but the trend is slightly different under different intensities. At lower intensity the dependence of the energy absorbed by the two electrons from the laser field on wavelength increases steadily and at higher intensity it decreases slowly and then increases rapidly. The intensity dependence of the energy absorbed by two electrons from the laser field in the whole ensemble presents two interesting intersections at different wavelengths. The dependence of the energy absorbed by the two electrons from the laser field on the ellipticity first decreases and then increases slowly at lower intensity; it has a “Ladder shape” that slowly increases and then decreases and finally slowly increases at moderate intensity; it shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing at higher intensities. In order to explain the dependence of the energy absorbed by two electrons from the laser field on the laser parameters (wavelength, laser intensity and ellipticity), the kinetic process of the whole ensemble is divided into four channels: double ionization, single ionization, frustrated single ionization and frustrated double ionization. The characteristics of each channel and how it dominates the overall trend of energy absorption from the laser field by the two electrons are then analyzed. The analysis results show that the dependence of the energy absorbed by the two electrons from the laser field on wavelength、laser intensity and ellipticity is due to the fact that some channels dominate the energy absorbed by the two electrons from the laser field.
Extreme suction attachment performance from specialised insects living in mountain streams (Diptera: Blephariceridae)
Authors: Kang Victor , White Robin T , Chen Simon , Federle Walter
Published: November 2021

Suction is widely used by animals for strong controllable underwater adhesion but is less well understood than adhesion of terrestrial climbing animals. Here we investigate the attachment of aquatic insect larvae (Blephariceridae), which cling to rocks in torrential streams using the only known muscle-actuated suction organs in insects. We measured their attachment forces on well-defined rough substrates and found that their adhesion was less reduced by micro-roughness than that of terrestrial climbing insects. In vivo visualisation of the suction organs in contact with microstructured substrates revealed that they can mould around large asperities to form a seal. We have shown that the ventral surface of the suction disc is covered by dense arrays of microtrichia, which are stiff spine-like cuticular structures that only make tip contact. Our results demonstrate the impressive performance and versatility of blepharicerid suction organs and highlight their potential as a study system to explore biological suction mechanisms.
Transforming Markets: A Development Bank for the 21st Century – A History of the EBRD, Volume 2
Authors: Kilpatrick Andrew , Williams Anthony
Published: November 2021

The second volume of the history of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) takes up the story of how the Bank has become an indispensable part of the international financial architecture. It tracks the rollercoaster ride during this period, including the Bank's crucial coordinating role in response to global and regional crises, the calls for its presence as an investor in Turkey, the Middle East and North Africa and later Greece and Cyprus, as well as the consequences of conflicts within its original region. It shows how in the face of the growing threat of global warming the EBRD, working mainly with the private sector, developed a sustainable energy business model to tackle climate change. Transforming Markets also examines how the EBRD broadened its investment criteria, arguing that transition towards sustainable economies requires market qualities that are not only competitive and integrated but which are also resilient, well-governed, green and more inclusive. This approach is aligned with the 2015 Paris Agreement and the international community's 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, with its core set of 17 sustainable development goals. The story of the EBRD's own transition and rich history provides a route map for building the sustainable markets necessary for future growth and prosperity.
Estimation of Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for Quantitative Characters in Chickpea at Uttarpradesh (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Tejasree Konduru , Lavanya G. Roopa , Raju C. H. Sai Nayan , Brahmanjaneyulu P. V. B.
Published: November 2021

An experiment was conducted and data were pooled for 22 genotypes including one check variety Uday in Field Experimentation Centre at Department of Genetics and Plant breeding, SHUATS, Prayagraj. The data was recorded for 11 quantitative traits to study the amount of variability, heritability, correlation analysis, direct and indirect effects of quantitative traits in chickpea genotypes. All the eleven quantitative traits under study displayed significant differences in Analysis of variance which indicates ample scope for selecting promising lines for further breeding programs. The genotypes ICC 8058, ICC 16796, and ICC 14199 were identified as the best genotypes for seed yield per plant among 22 genotypes under study. GCV values are slightly lesser compared to PCV values specifies the minor impact of environment on studied traits. The traits seed index, harvest index exhibited highly positive phenotypic and genotypic correlation for seed yield, which are the principal traits where selection can be operated for developing superior lines. Path coefficient analysis revealed that traits harvest index, biological yield, and the number of pods per plant showed highly positive direct effects at both genotypic and phenotypic levels on seed yield per plant. From the above results and outcomes traits seed index, harvest index, and biological yield, could be contemplated for selection criteria and yield improvement in chickpea.
Comparison of Changes in Corneal Biomechanical Properties before and After Photorefractive Keratectomy and Small Incision Lenticule Extraction
Authors: Mokhtar Amal Shaban Mohamed , Ghonem Ahmed Mohamed , Nagy Khaled Ahmed , Nassar El Sayed Abbas
Published: November 2021

Background: Corneal biomechanics is the study of the mechanical properties and responses of the cornea to external forces. Two devices are currently available for characterizing the corneal biomechanical properties in a clinical setting; Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) (Reichert, Buffalo, New York, USA) based on bidirectional applanation tonometry and Corvis -ST (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) based on corneal deformation estimation using Scheimpflug imaging. Ocular response analyzer was used to assess corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) to characterize changes in corneal biomechanics.

The other device is Corvis –ST which produces air pulse on the cornea then measures and records the movements using a high-speed Scheimpflug video camera in real time. It is highly sensitive and specific to differentiate healthy cornea from keratoconic one.

Aim: The aim of our study is to compare the changes in corneal biomechanical properties before and after PRK and SMILE.

Patients and Methods: This is a prospective comparative study and included 20 patients who had undergone PRK by Allegretto wave eye-Q device & 20 patients who had undergone SMILE by Visumax Ziess device.

Results: The significant difference between two groups at 6 months after surgery considering IOPb=0.027*. Integ. Radius=0.001*. SPA1=0.003*. This difference makes Femto SMILE better than PRK procedure for more stability of the corneal biomechanics and possibly lowers the incidence of postoperative ectasia.

Conclusion: According to CORVIS-ST for corneal biomechanical evaluation, the significant difference between two groups at 6 months after surgery considering IOPb=0.027*. Integ. Radius=0.001*. SPA1=0.003*. This difference makes SMILE better than PRK procedure for more stability of the corneal biomechanics and possibly lowers the incidence of postoperative ectasia.
Energy Performance Analysis of B1-3.5mm Burner Model of Fasobio-15 Biodigester Biogas Cookstoves
Authors: Bagaya Noufou , Ouedraogo Issaka , Koumbem Daniel Windé Nongué , Sandwidi Gwladys Wendwaoga , Kieno Florent Pelega
Published: November 2021

In Burkina Faso, finding wood for cooking is still a headache for rural households due to the advancing desert. Here, we try to bring a new way for farmers who already have a biodigester and convince those who are reluctant to adopt this work to reduce their dependence on wood. For this purpose, a characterization of the energy performance of biogas stoves is carried out based on the three-phase water heating test protocol called Water Boiling Test (WBT). The fuel used in the study is the biogas produced by a batch biodigester fed with pig manure. The analysis of the produced biogas shows a methane content of 60% and maximum hydrogen sulfide of 400ppm. The heat balance shows a loss of 11% in the walls of the cookstove and about 36% in the flue gas. Thus the energy performance of the furnace is estimated at 53%, a combustion rate of 6.4 L /min and the average boiling time is 50 minutes. Given these results, we suggest that households use biogas fuel and the B1-3.5mm burner in the cookstove as a replacement for the other burners. We intend to carry out a controlled cooking test on this stove, a modeling of the biogas production and its consumption in this type of burner.
Dialogue between social movement activists and a Master's Program in youth and adult education
Authors: Costa Graça Dos Santos , Costa Patricia Lessa Santos , Santos Carla Liane Nascimento Dos , Mallows David
Published: November 2021

This article presents the results of a qualitative study on the relationship between social movements and a Master's Program in youth and adult education in Bahia, Brazil. It pays particular attention to the importance of antiracism in and the decolonization of the program's curriculum.
Self‐Delivery Nanomedicine for Glutamine‐Starvation Enhanced Photodynamic Tumor Therapy
Authors: Zhao Lin‐Ping , Chen Shao‐Yi , Zheng Rong‐Rong , Kong Ren‐Jiang , Rao Xiao‐Na , Chen A‐Li , Cheng Hong , Zhang Da‐Wei , Li Shi‐Ying , Yu Xi‐Yong
Published: November 2021

Glutamine metabolism of tumor cells plays a crucial role in maintaining cell homeostasis and reducing oxidative damage. Herein, a valid strategy of inhibiting glutamine metabolism is proposed to amplify the oxidative damage of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to tumor cells. Specifically, the authors develop a drug co‐delivery system (designated as CeV) based on chlorine e6 (Ce6) and V9302 via the self‐assembly technology. In spite of the strong hydrophobicity of therapeutic agents, the assembled CeV holds a favorable dispersibility in water and an improved cellular uptake capability. Under light irradiation, the internalized CeV is capable of generating abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) for PDT. More importantly, CeV can reduce the uptake of glutamine through V9302‐mediated alanine‐serine‐cysteine transporter of type‐2 (ASCT2) inhibition, leading to a reduced glutathione (GSH) production and an amplified oxidative stress. As a result, CeV has a robust PDT efficacy on tumor inhibition by the blockade of glutamine transport. Notably, CeV exhibits a superiority on tumor suppression over the single treatment as well as the combined administration of Ce6 and V9302, which indicates the advantage of CeV for synergistic treatment. It may serve as a novel nanoplatform for developing a drug co‐delivery system to improve PDT efficiency by inhibiting cell metabolism.
Differences in the vertical components of substrate reaction forces between two modes of infant carrying in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata fuscata)
Authors: Goto Ryosuke , Yamada Kazunori , Nakano Yoshihiko
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Japanese macaque mothers carry their infants ventrally (VC) or dorsally (DC). As the infant weight increases, the dominant mode of infant carrying transitions from VC to DC. We biomechanically tested the hypothesis that the transition is associated with relieving vertical components of substrate reaction forces (SRFvrts) acting on the forelimbs, as macaques prefer to support their body weight mainly using the hindlimbs. The test is based on two expectations: (1) during VC, higher SRFvrts act on the forelimbs, and (2) SRFvrts during DC do not significantly differ from those of a control condition in which the mother walked alone.

Materials and methods

Two female Japanese macaques rearing 1‐year‐old infants were used for terrestrial locomotor experiments, and five females were used for arboreal experiments. We collected the SRFvrts acting on the fore‐ and hindlimbs at midstance when the macaques walked on the ground and pole and statistically compared the values among the control condition, VC, and DC.

Results

Higher relative SRFvrts normalized by the total weights of the mother and infant acted on the forelimbs during VC compared with the control condition and DC, regardless of the substrate type. The relative forelimb SRFvrts during DC exhibited similar values to those during the control condition.

Discussion

The transition to DC could relieve the excessive loads acting on the forelimb. Despite the biomechanical costs of VC, the carriage mode has evolved in the order primates likely because VC might enable the mother to protect her infant from predators.
DICE: A Bayesian model for early dose finding in phase I trials with multiple treatment courses
Authors: Ursino Moreno , Biard Lucie , Chevret Sylvie
Published: November 2021

Dose‐finding clinical trials in oncology aim to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of a new drug, generally defined by the proportion of patients with short‐term dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs). Model‐based approaches for such phase I oncology trials have been widely designed and are mostly restricted to the DLTs occurring during the first cycle of treatment, although patients continue to receive treatment for multiple cycles. We aim to estimate the probability of DLTs over sequences of treatment cycles via a Bayesian cumulative modeling approach, where the probability of DLT is modeled taking into account the cumulative effect of the administered drug and the DLT cycle of occurrence. We propose a design, called DICE (Dose‐fInding CumulativE), for dose escalation and de‐escalation according to previously observed toxicities, which aims at finding the MTD sequence (MTS). We performed an extensive simulation study comparing this approach to the time‐to‐event continual reassessment method (TITE‐CRM) and a benchmark. In general, our approach achieved a better or comparable percentage of correct MTS selection. Moreover, we investigated the DICE prediction ability.
Influences on the structural response of beams in drop tower experiments
Authors: Leicht Lena , Beckmann Birgit , Curbach Manfred
Published: November 2021

Drop tower tests on beam specimens were carried out to evaluate the influence of different geometric features and different loading velocities on the beams' response. Tested geometric characteristics are stirrup reinforcement in addition to longitudinal reinforcement, and notches. The goal is to quantify the differences in the global behavior and the amount of strains and strain rates measured at different positions on the reinforcement. This gives an insight into strain distributions along the rebars from which bond stresses can be derived. It can be stated that stirrup reinforcement kept the specimens together and thus increased the impact resistance. That was seen in the deflection and acceleration measurements, but it was also suggested by strain measurements, especially looking at residual strains. The maximum strains are generally more affected by global bending of the specimens than by the formation of a localized punching cone, which was the main failure mode.
Nuclear Factor I in neurons, glia and during the formation of Müller glia‐derived progenitor cells in avian, porcine and primate retinas
Authors: El‐Hodiri Heithem M. , Campbell Warren A. , Kelly Lisa E. , Hawthorn Evan C. , Schwartz Maura , Jalligampala Archana , McCall Maureen A. , Meyer Kathrin , Fischer Andy J.
Published: November 2021

The regenerative potential of Müller glia (MG) is extraordinary in fish, poor in chick and terrible in mammals. In the chick model, MG readily reprogram into proliferating Müller glia‐derived progenitor cells (MGPCs), but neuronal differentiation is very limited. The factors that suppress the neurogenic potential of MGPCs in the chick are slowly being revealed. Isoforms of Nuclear Factor I (NFI) are cell‐intrinsic factors that limit neurogenic potential; these factors are required for the formation of MG in the developing mouse retina and deletion of these factors reprograms MG into neuron‐like cells in mature mouse retina. Accordingly, we sought to characterize the patterns of expression of NFIs in the developing, mature and damaged chick retina. In addition, we characterized patterns of expression of NFIs in the retinas of large mammals, pigs and monkeys. Using a combination of single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and immunolabeling, we probed for patterns of expression. In embryonic chick, levels of NFIs are very low in early E5 (embryonic day 5) retinal progenitor cells (RPCs), upregulated in E8 RPCs, further upregulated in differentiating MG at E12 and E15. NFIs are maintained in mature resting MG, microglia and neurons. Levels of NFIs are reduced in activated MG in retinas treated with NMDA and/or insulin+FGF2, and further downregulated in proliferating MGPCs. However, levels of NFIs in MGPCs were significantly higher than those seen in RPCs. Immunolabeling for NFIA and NFIB closely matched patterns of expression revealed in different types of retinal neurons and glia, consistent with findings from scRNA‐seq. In addition, we find expression of NFIA and NFIB through progenitors in the circumferential marginal zone at the far periphery of the retina. We find similar patterns of expression for NFIs in scRNA‐seq databases for pig and monkey retinas. Patterns of expression of NFIA and NFIB were validated with immunofluorescence in pig and monkey retinas wherein these factors were predominantly detected in MG and a few types of inner retinal neurons. In summary, NFIA and NFIB are prominently expressed in developing chick retina and by mature neurons and glia in the retinas of chicks, pigs and monkeys. Although levels of NFIs are decreased in chick, in MGPCs these levels remain higher than those seen in neurogenic RPCs. We propose that the neurogenic potential of MGPCs in the chick retina is suppressed by NFIs.
Does previous history of cancer or atypia predict histologic upgrade for pure intraductal papillomas diagnosed via core biopsy? A study of 490 cases at a single institution
Authors: Alberty‐Oller J. Jaime , Reyes Sylvia , Moshier Erin , Ru Meng , Weltz Sarah , Santos Antonio , Pisapati Kereeti , Port Elisa , Jaffer Shabnam
Published: November 2021

Background

Management of pure intraductal papillomas (IDP) without atypia diagnosed on core needle biopsy (CNB) remains controversial given highly variable rates of upgrade in the literature.

Aim

We sought to identify clinical and histologic factors that predict upgrade to atypia or malignancy in a large population.

Methods and results

A retrospective review was performed of all cases of pure IDP diagnosed on CNB and then surgically excised at a single institution from 2008 to 2018. Clinical, radiologic, and pathologic factors were compared in the no upgrade, upgrade to atypia, or upgrade to cancer groups. Univariate analysis was performed comparing no upgrade and upgrade to cancer or atypia.

Four hundred and thirty nine patients were identified with a total of 490 IDP and a median age of 50 years (range 16–85). Of these patients, 54 (12.3%) were upgraded to atypia after surgical excision and five (1.1%) were upgraded to cancer. The presence of multiple papillomas in a single patient was a significant predictor of upgrade to cancer or atypia (p < .01), as well as age over ≥55 years (p < .01) and a prior history of cancer (p < .01). No other clinical, radiologic and histologic factors were found to be significant predictors of upgrade. 40/439 (9.1%) patients in the total cohort had prior history of cancer, and of these, 2/40 (5%) were found to have a new cancer after excision.

Conclusions

In patients with pure IDP on CNB, the upgrade rate to malignancy was 1.1%, while 12.3% were upgraded to atypia. The clinical significance of identifying atypia in a papilloma is unknown, especially in a patient with a prior history of atypia or cancer. However, the majority of patients who were upgraded to either atypia or cancer had no prior history of high‐risk or malignant breast disease and are therefore considered true clinical upgrades. As such excision for IDP should be considered.
Gray wolf optimization‐based optimal grid connected solar photovoltaic system with enhanced power quality features
Authors: Nagadurga T. , Narasimham P. V. R. L. , Vakula V. S. , Devarapalli Ramesh
Published: November 2021

In recent times, regional renewable energy sources (RES) are increasingly integrated with the existing electric power grid by onboarding certain superior power quality features, thereby helping them in meeting massive electrical demand. This grid integration drastically reduces the use of fossil fuels, besides preventing environmental hazards as well. However, in grid‐connected systems, with RES such as photovoltaic (PV) systems and wind energy systems, many power quality issues (PQ) still crop up. In this paper, Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO), in conjunction with a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is suggested to address such challenges in the RES integrated grid‐connected PV systems. The intermittent nature of solar PV power under shading conditions can be harnessed by using the GWO approach. STATCOM is one of many specialized power electronic devices that effectively reduce power quality concerns such as voltage sag/swell and Total Harmonic Distortions. The fast‐acting PI controller is intended to drive a STATCOM by using some tuned parameters for maintaining the DC link voltage as constant. The best findings are attained after these results are compared with PI. The test system is modeled using the MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Single‐objective service composition methods in cloud manufacturing systems: Recent techniques, classification, and future trends
Authors: Hayyolalam Vahideh , Pourghebleh Behrouz , Chehrehzad Mohammad Reza , Pourhaji Kazem Ali Asghar
Published: November 2021

In recent years, cloud manufacturing (CMfg) has been developed as an intelligent manufacturing system, in which geographically distributed manufacturing resources are available as services in the cloud platform. Choosing and integrating single services into a combined service to fulfill the client's requests requires higher emphasis. However, by increasing customers' trend to utilize CMfg, service providers are encouraged to publish services with various functional and non‐functional characteristics. Thus, service composition and optimal selection has become one of the most challenging topics in CMfg. Hence, an inclusive review of current studies on this NP‐hard issue is extremely desirable. This article first, selects the recent studies in the field of single‐objective service composition in CMfg and classifies and surveys them comprehensively in terms of QoS parameters, energy consumption, user constraint, and so forth. This article aims to provide a useful roadmap for future researchers who are intended to explore novel work in this field. The search for articles was conducted in November 2020.
Can In Vitro–In Vivo Extrapolation Be Successful? Recognizing the Incorrect Clearance Assumptions
Authors: Benet Leslie Z. , Sodhi Jasleen K.
Published: November 2021

For a number of years, our laboratory has been investigating the underlying reasons for the published poor in vitro–in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) predictability of human clearance both from a theoretical and from an experimental perspective. Here, we critically examine clearance concepts and commonly employed IVIVE approaches, concluding that there is no theoretical reason that IVIVE should work, just as it does not. Our analysis, however, has identified 10 misconceptions and/or poorly understood aspects of clearance that are listed in the Conclusion section of this manuscript. Chief among these are that all published human drug clearance values are arterial clearances—clearance calculated as organ blood flow multiplied by the extraction ratio is the arterial clearance of the organ of elimination (and not the published drug clearance value)—and that the well‐stirred model equation taught in all pharmacokinetic courses that relates organ blood flow, fraction unbound in blood, and intrinsic clearance has no validity. We further list 10 conclusions relating to the IVIVE process. The primary IVIVE‐related conclusions are that the intrinsic clearance value determined from an in vitro incubation is an arterial intrinsic clearance, there is no theoretical basis upon which an arterial intrinsic clearance can be related to a whole‐body arterial clearance to accomplish IVIVE, there are no published data demonstrating that in vitro intrinsic metabolic clearance can predict in vivo organ clearance as IVIVE assumes, and the scientific basis for the hypothesized albumin‐mediated hepatic uptake phenomenon is invalid. We further propose three IVIVE process recommendations.
Optical and Thermal Properties of Acid Red Doped Triglycine Acetate Crystal for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Chaithra G. , Deepthi P. R. , Challa Malathi , Sukhdev Anu , Kumar P. Mohan , Shanthi J.
Published: November 2021

A positive change in crystal can be induced by dye. Pure and Acid Red 1 dye (AR) doped triglycine acetate (TGAc) single crystals are synthesized by solution approach to enrich the characteristics of pure TGAc crystals. The crystalline nature of the grown crystals is investigated using powder X‐ray diffraction. The Scherrer method has been used to calculate the crystallite size of both developed crystals and is compared to the Williamson and Hall method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the existence of several functional groups as well as dye inclusion in the produced crystals. Four distinct absorption bands are found in UV–vis–NIR absorption spectra at the location where AR dye is inserted into the TGAc matrix. Different optical constants, such as optical bandgap (Eg), extinction coefficient (k), refractive index (n) and optical conductivity (σ) are measured for both samples based on transmittance measurements. The thermal stability and decomposition temperature of 0.05 mol% AR dye doped TGAc are found to be higher. The doped crystals' improved optical characteristics and thermal stability prove their applicability for optoelectronic applications.