bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Senolytic treatment reduces cell senescence and necroptosis in Sod1 knockout mice that is associated with reduced inflammation and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Thadathil Nidheesh , Selvarani Ramasamy , Mohammed Sabira , Nicklas Evan H. , Tran Albert L. , Kamal Maria , Luo Wenyi , Brown Jacob L. , Lawrence Marcus M. , Borowik Agnieszka K. , Miller Benjamin F. , Van Remmen Holly , Richardson Arlan , Deepa Sathyaseelan S.
Published: July 2022

The goal of this study was to test the role cellular senescence plays in the increased inflammation, chronic liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma seen in mice null for Cu/Zn‐Superoxide dismutase (Sod1KO). To inhibit senescence, wildtype (WT) and Sod1KO mice were given the senolytics, dasatinib, and quercetin (D + Q) at 6 months of age when the Sod1KO mice begin exhibiting signs of accelerated aging. Seven months of D + Q treatment reduced the expression of p16 in the livers of Sod1KO mice to WT levels and the expression of several senescence‐associated secretory phenotype factors (IL‐6, IL‐1β, CXCL‐1, and GDF‐15). D + Q treatment also reduced markers of inflammation in livers of the Sod1KO mice, for example, cytokines, chemokines, macrophage levels, and Kupffer cell clusters. D + Q treatment had no effect on various markers of liver fibrosis in the Sod1KO mice but reduced the expression of genes involved in liver cancer and dramatically reduced the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Surprisingly, D + Q also reduced markers of necroptosis (phosphorylated and oligomerized MLKL) in the Sod1KO mice to WT levels. We also found that inhibiting necroptosis in the Sod1KO mice with necrostatin‐1s reduced the markers of cellular senescence (p16, p21, and p53). Our study suggests that an interaction occurs between cellular senescence and necroptosis in the liver of Sod1KO mice. We propose that these two cell fates interact through a positive feedback loop resulting in a cycle amplifying both cellular senescence and necroptosis leading to inflammaging and age‐associated pathology in the Sod1KO mice.
Neuromuscular mechanisms of weakness in a mouse model of chronic alcoholic myopathy
Authors: Moser Samantha E. , Brown Austin M. , Clark Brian C. , Arnold W. David , Baumann Cory W.
Published: July 2022

Background

Weakness is a common clinical symptom reported in individuals with chronic alcohol use disorder. However, it remains unclear whether low strength in these individuals is directly related to excessive ethanol intake, other deleterious factors (lifestyle, environment, genetics, etc.), or a combination of both. Therefore, we examined whether (and how) ethanol reduces the muscle’s force‐producing capacity using a controlled in vivo preclinical mouse model of excessive ethanol intake.

Methods

To establish whether chronic ethanol consumption causes weakness, C57BL/6 female mice consumed 20% ethanol for 40 weeks (following a 2‐week ethanol ramping period), and various measures of muscular force were quantified. Functional measures included all‐limb grip strength and in vivo contractility of the left ankle dorsiflexors and plantarflexors. Once confirmed that mice consuming ethanol were weaker than age‐matched controls, we sought to determine the potential neuromuscular mechanisms of muscle dysfunction by assessing neuromuscular excitation, muscle quantity, and muscle quality.

Results

Mice consuming chronic ethanol were 13 to 16% weaker (p ≤ 0.016) than controls (i.e., mice consuming 100% water) with the negative impact of ethanol on voluntary grip strength (ƞ2 = 0.603) being slightly larger than that of electrically stimulated muscle contractility (ƞ2 = 0.482). Relative to controls, lean mass and muscle wet masses were 9 to 16% lower in ethanol‐consuming mice (p ≤ 0.048, ƞ2 ≥ 0.268). No significant changes were observed between groups for indices of neuromuscular excitation at the level of the motor unit, neuromuscular junction, or plasmalemma (p ≥ 0.259, ƞ2 ≤ 0.097), nor was muscle quality altered after 40 weeks of 20% ethanol consumption (p ≥ 0.695, ƞ2 ≤ 0.012).

Conclusions

Together, these findings establish that chronic ethanol consumption in mice induces a substantial weakness in vivo that we interpret to be primarily due to muscle atrophy (i.e., reduced muscle quantity) and possibly, to a lesser degree, loss of central neural drive.
Growth and micronutrient levels of 6–12 years‐old children with food allergies, food sensitisation, and food restrictions
Authors: Baek Ji Yun , Jin Joo Ok , Kim Ju Hee , Jee Hye Mi , Shin Youn Ho , Baek Hey Sung , Han Man Yong , Ha Eun Kyo
Published: July 2022

Aim

We investigated the association of food allergy, food sensitisation, and food restriction with growth and micronutrients levels in schoolchildren.

Methods

A total of 195 schoolchildren (6–12 years old) from six elementary schools in Korea were enrolled, and questionnaires were administered to their parents during June and July 2015. Food allergy was defined by the presence of urticaria, skin rash, pruritus, throat tightness, gastrointestinal complaints, or respiratory difficulty after consumption of a food to which allergy was plausible during the past 12 months. Skin prick tests were performed and serum levels of haemoglobin and micronutrients were measured.

Results

Among 195 participants (51.3% males) enrolled, 35 (17.9%) were reported to have food allergies, 17 (8.7%) were on food restriction, and 27 (14.0%) were sensitised to at least one food allergen. Food allergy and food restriction were associated with a lower height‐for‐age z‐score (p for trend = 0.018, p = 0.048; p for trend = 0.076, p = 0.008). Food restriction was related to reduced serum calcium level (aOR: −0.094, 95% CI: −0.156 to −0.032).

Conclusion

Signs and symptoms of food allergy and consequent food restrictions in children were related to lower height‐for‐age z‐score and lower serum calcium levels.
High need for intensive care in paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia: A population‐based study
Authors: Ranta Susanna , Broman Lars Mikael , Abrahamsson Jonas , Karlsson Lene , Norén‐Nyström Ulrika , Palle Josefine , Svahn Johan E. , Törnudd Lisa , Heyman Mats , Harila‐Saari Arja
Published: July 2022

Aim

Risk of treatment‐related life‐threatening toxicity is high in childhood acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), and access to intensive care units (ICU) is crucial. We explored the ICU admission rate and outcome after intensive care in childhood AML in Sweden.

Methods

Patients diagnosed between 2008 and 2016 were identified from the Swedish Childhood Cancer Registry (SCCR), a national quality registry. Data from SCCR was cross‐referenced with clinical questionnaire data from paediatric oncology centers and the Swedish Intensive Care Registry (SIR), another national quality registry.

Results

According to combined data, 46% of the children (58/126) were admitted to ICU, 17% (21/126) within 1 month from diagnosis. Overall, ICU mortality per admission was 12% and 6% during first‐line treatment. There was a discrepancy between admission rate from the clinical questionnaires and SCCR (29%; 36/126 children) and SIR (44%; 55/126) All deaths during first‐line treatment occurred at or after ICU care.

Conclusion

Although admission rate under AML treatment was high, the treatment‐related mortality under first‐line treatment was low. No child died under first‐line treatment without admission to ICU, suggesting good availability. The discrepancy between the two registries, SCCR and SIR, highlights the need for future validation of registry data.
1 Exploring the Contemporary in Old Places
Authors: Taylor Evan , Sesma Elena
Published: July 2022

This chapter opens an analytic space to consider the resonance of “old places” in the contemporary moment through the lens of archaeology. Borrowing the term used by some of our interlocutors, old places are places that bear memory, that have accrued emotional attachment, and that intervene in the present as reminders of things that have happened before. Through these qualities, old places sustain life and relations. We adopt an expansive view of site formation processes that extends into the present and future and argue that studying contemporary site formation can unleash insights into the multi‐temporal constitution of the world we inhabit. We do not insist on a single approach to studying these processes, but rather suggest that the methodological and theoretical diversity that archaeologists and local communities bring together is key to studying and knowing old places in the present. We draw connections between a contemporary archaeology of old places and the emergent fields of contemporary archaeology and critical heritage studies, but also argue for retaining and fully incorporating the political and activist orientations of historical, feminist, African Diaspora, and Indigenous archaeologies—fields that have long centered the knowledge and concerns of contemporary communities—into this work.
Do mast cells contribute to the continued survival of vertebrates?
Authors: Norrby Klas
Published: July 2022

This study is an attempt to shed light on why the connective tissue mast cell (MC) is preserved in all species with a blood circulatory system,i.e., the vertebrates since >500 million years, which suggests that the MC performs as yet not understood indispensible life‐promoting actions. The literature survey focuses on data in published papers on MC functions in immunological and nonimmunological reactions, host protection, pregnancy, inflammation, and wound healing. All data are thus accessible to the reader. The MC is a secretory cell with a unique mediator profile. A distinctive role for MCs is defined not only by their extensive mediator composition but also by their prominent ability to affect the vasculature to expedite selective cell recruitment and permeability changes and to set the stage for an appropriate acquired response. MCs, harboring a wide range of surface membrane receptors, are activated by the major female sex hormones as well as by diverse potentially adverse stimuli. MC activation/degranulation creates a presumably unique triad tissue response in physiological and pathological situations alike: extracellular matrix degradation and tissue remodeling,de novocell proliferation, andde novoangiogenesis. As shown in the literature, MC‐activation is crucial for successful female reproduction in the mouse, implying one of possibly several yet unidentified physiological roles of MCs. Moreover, the activated MC aids newborns to survive to reproductive age owing to its key beneficial actions in inflammation and wound healing. Thus, a not previously described life‐perpetuating loop spanning generations are apparently formed, which, hypothetically, could contribute to the continued survival of the vertebrates.
Transmural healing evaluated by magnetic resonance enterography in paediatric patients with Crohn's disease receiving maintenance treatment with biologics
Authors: Choi So Yoon , Kim Eun Sil , Jeon Tae Yeon , Lee Yoo Min , Lee So Mi , Choe Byung‐Ho , Choe Yon Ho , Kang Ben
Published: July 2022

Background

The optimal treatment goal in Crohn's disease (CD) is endoscopic healing (EH). However, transmural healing (TH) facilitated by the development and increasing performance of magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) is emerging as a potential treatment goal.

Aims

To assess TH rates after 1 year of treatment by MRE and its relationship with EH in paediatric patients with CD receiving anti‐tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents, and to investigate factors associated with TH after 1 year of treatment.

Methods

This multi‐centre, prospective, observational study included Korean paediatric patients with luminal CD diagnosed at age < 19 years who were naïve to anti‐TNF treatment. They simultaneously underwent ileocolonoscopy and MRE at baseline and after 1 year of treatment with biologics.

Results

We included 116 patients. At 1 year, EH and TH were achieved in 59.5% (69/116) and 38.8% (45/116) of the patients, respectively. Both EH and TH was observed in 35.3% (41/116), EH without TH in 24.1% (28/116), TH without EH in 3.4% (4/116), and neither EH nor TH in 37.1% (43/116). Moreover, 59.4% (41/69) of patients who achieved EH at 1 year exhibited TH, and 91.1% (41/45) of patients who achieved TH exhibited EH. Baseline MaRIA score was associated with TH according to a multivariate analysis (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–0.99, p = 0.023).

Conclusion

TH is a more stringent goal than EH. Regular follow‐up evaluation of transmural status, and efforts to achieve TH, may alter the natural course of CD in the era of treat‐to‐target.
Identifying hate speech in societal context: When psychological factors are more important than contents
Authors: Putra Idhamsyah Eka , Mashuri Ali , Nurhamida Yuni
Published: July 2022

We tested how Muslim participants identify speeches as hate speech or not, and whether they thought an apology from the speakers is needed. In Studies 1a (N = 209) and 1b (N = 183), participants were asked about a speech delivered by a prominent ingroup figure showed that hate, meta‐hate, and collective narcissism tended to identify a prejudiced speech about outgroup members as not related to hate speech, and thus no apology is needed. Nonetheless, the resulting path was in contrast to participants who believe the outgroup nature as good. With similar predictors of Study 1, Study 2 (N = 191) showed that when participants were asked to identify a (non‐harmful) speech about ingroup delivered by a minority outgroup member, there was an opposite path compared to Study 1. Across all findings, we argue that in the real‐world setting, how a speech, with or without harmful contents, is identified depends on positive or negative views about ingroup and outgroup members by which it can dictate people's understanding and denial.
Predicting the outcome of psoriasis treatment
Authors: Ormerod Anthony D.
Published: July 2022

Linked Article:  Corbett et al. Br J Dermatol 2022; 187:494–506.
Importance of climate‐induced tree species composition changes in forecasting the amount of reachable habitat for forest birds
Authors: Lalechère Etienne , Bergès Laurent
Published: July 2022

Aim

Bird and tree species distributions will shift along with future climatic conditions through direct effects related to species responses to bioclimatic variables. In addition, tree species composition changes should indirectly drive changes in forest bird habitats. Here, we predicted the effects of climate changes on the amount of reachable habitat for forest birds and teased apart the role of the indirect effects.

Location

France.

Methods

We projected tree and bird species distributions (2020 and 2050) using generalized additive models which accounted for climatic conditions at a large scale (France) and local environmental conditions at regional scale. The projections combined two scenarios of climate changes (RCP 2.6 and 8.5) and two scenarios of forest management (increase in either deciduous or coniferous stands). We modelled the amount of reachable habitat with landscape graphs and the equivalent connectivity index (EC) for five birds associated to the main forest types of the study area. To differentiate the sources of EC change between 2020 and 2050, we compared two future landscape graphs including only the indirect effect, or the direct and indirect effects of climate changes.

Results

For birds with low and intermediate thermal maxima, climate‐based distributions were nearly stable over time (absence of direct effects), EC change was only attributed to indirect effects. In contrast, for bird species with high thermal maximum, EC change was mostly driven by direct effects (more favourable climatic conditions) and little by indirect effects.

Main conclusions

Using an innovative modelling framework that bind species distribution and connectivity models with climate and land use changes in forest, we showed that EC dynamics could be completely due to climate‐driven changes in tree species composition. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for the indirect effects of climate changes, especially in forests where major shifts in tree species composition are expected.
Self‐determination of people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities
Authors: Skarsaune Synne Nese
Published: July 2022

Self‐determination is a human right that people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) risk not being granted. Exploration of such topics and research in general has traditionally not included people with PIMD as sources of knowledge; rather, the perspective of others has been sought. Ethnographic methods highlighting descriptions of lived experience have been argued as a way of including such individuals, producing knowledge building on the person's perspective. Exploring the human right to be self‐determined through ethnographic approaches can bring novel ways of understanding the concept, both about how to listen and learn from such experiences, and about implications for understanding self‐determination. All people have the potential for self‐determination, by being understood through embodied communication in caring relationships. By fostering relations with people with PIMD in sensitive, ethical ways, and addressing their profound dependency, their self‐determination can be realized.

What this paper adds

Attentive engagement with people with lived experience of profound intellectual and multiple disabilities can inform both researchers and clinicians on self‐determination.

Through real‐life descriptions, self‐determination is demonstrated to move beyond independence and choice‐making.
Constructive and obsessive criticism in science
Authors: Prasad Vinay , Ioannidis John P. A.
Published: July 2022

Social media and new tools for engagement offer democratic platforms for enhancing constructive scientific criticism which had previously been limited. Constructive criticism can now be massive, timely and open. However, new options have also enhanced obsessive criticism. Obsessive criticism tends to focus on one or a handful of individuals and their work, often includes ad hominem aspects, and the critics often lack field‐specific skills and technical expertise. Typical behaviours include: repetitive and persistent comments (including sealioning), lengthy commentaries/tweetorials/responses often longer than the original work, strong degree of moralizing, distortion of the underlying work, argumentum ad populum, calls to suspend/censor/retract the work or the author, guilt‐by‐association, reputational tarnishing, large gains in followers specifically through attacks, finding and positing sensitive personal information, anonymity or pseudonymity, social media campaigning, and unusual ratio of criticism to pursuit of one's research agenda. These behaviours may last months or years. Prevention and treatment options may include awareness, identifying and working around aggravating factors, placing limits on the volume by editors, constructive pairing of commissioned editorials, incorporation of some hot debates from unregulated locations such as social media or PubPeer to the pages of scientific journals, preserving decency and focusing on evidence and arguments and avoiding personal statements, or (in some cases) ignoring. We need more research on the role of social media and obsessive criticism on an evolving cancel culture, the social media credibility, the use/misuse of anonymity and pseudonymity, and whether potential interventions from universities may improve or further weaponize scientific criticism.
Comparison of student and faculty interviewers using ratings data for admissions decisions
Authors: Wen Natalie Luran , Aldosari Muath A. , Park Sang E.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations of cognitive and noncognitive dental school admission factors with interview ratings provided by faculty and student interviewers.

Methods

Interviewees for the 2019–2021 admissions cycles underwent a 90‐minute period consisting of two 45‐min interviews and received two interview scores ranging from 1.0 to 2.3. Regression models were utilised to evaluate factors associated with interviewer type and admission status, The correlation strength between faculty and student interview scores was assessed.

Results

A total of 177 applicants were interviewed, and 69 students were admitted over two admission cycles. Admitted students received higher interview ratings compared with nonadmitted applicants after adjusting for cognitive and noncognitive admission factors (average difference = −0.068; 95% CI = −0.123, −0.014). No statistically significant relationship was found between any cognitive admissions factor and interview score. However, having prior leadership role experiences was associated with better faculty score, after adjusting for student interviewee score. There was a strong linear correlation (r = .92) between faculty and student interview scores, with 0.809 change in faculty score with each additional student interview score (95% CI = 0.735, 0.883).

Conclusion

The relationship between faculty and student scores was linear and strongly correlated, suggesting that faculty and student interviewers were comparable in their interview scoring. Leadership experience and potential could be advantageous qualities that improve faculty interviewer ratings. However, having a mix of faculty and Student interviewers may promote evaluation of candidates from different aspects, as students are familiar with the learning environment in dental school and may provide a unique perspective on an applicant's background and suitability for the program.
Top predators as biodiversity indicators: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Natsukawa Haruki , Sergio Fabrizio
Published: July 2022

Identifying efficient biodiversity indicators is a key pillar of the global conservation strategy. Top predators have been proposed as reliable biodiversity signposts, but their role is controversial. Here, we verified their performance by a meta‐analysis of published studies and found solid support for their efficacy as biodiversity indicators. As to be expected for any indicator species, efficacy was stronger for biodiversity components ‘ecologically closer’ to the predator (i.e. broad groups that include species providing key resources, such as avian and tree diversity for a bird‐eating predator that nests in trees) and declined for the diversity of components more ‘ecologically remote’ from the predator (e.g. butterfly diversity for a fish‐eating predator). This confirmed a link between the top predatory role and biodiversity and set the context for its functionality. These results show that, on average, top predators are justified candidates as biodiversity indicators and that prioritisation of conservation action based on their occurrence is likely to provide broader ecosystem benefits. However, such role should be confirmed on a case‐by‐case basis, acknowledging that no indicator can portray everything, checking the compatibility of the biodiversity components linked to the predator with the established conservation objectives and ideally integrating predators with other complementary indicator groups.
Correlation of p53 immunohistochemistry with TP53 mutational status and overall survival in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Fitzpatrick Megan J , Boiocchi Leonardo , Fathi Amir T , Brunner Andrew M , Hasserjian Robert P , Nardi Valentina
Published: July 2022

Aims

TP53‐mutated acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is associated with an adverse prognosis and poor response to traditional chemotherapy regimens. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) is considered the gold standard method to determine TP53‐mutational status; however, molecular assays are costly and time‐consuming. In contrast, immunohistochemistry (IHC) can be performed within 1 day of biopsy. We sought to determine an optimal threshold of staining with p53 IHC to predict TP53‐mutational status.

Methods and results

We identified 142 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed AML with concurrent NGS analysis diagnosed between 2019 and 2020. All cases were stained for p53 IHC and images were scored for the percent of strongly stained p53+ cells by a combination of manual counting and image analysis. We then correlated percent positive staining with mutational status and clinical outcomes. We determined that a threshold of ≥7% strongly stained cells by p53 IHC correlated with the presence of a TP53 mutation with a sensitivity of 67%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 90%. TP53 mutation and the presence of ≥7% staining by IHC were associated with shorter overall survival by univariate analysis (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

If the limitations of this study are carefully considered, our findings suggest that p53 protein expression as evaluated by IHC could be used to rapidly predict TP53‐mutational status with high specificity and assist in risk stratification in newly diagnosed AML.
Interferon‐gamma inducible protein 16 and type I interferon receptors expression in experimental apical periodontitis induced in wild‐type mice
Authors: Pucinelli Carolina Maschietto , Lima Ricardo B. , Almeida Lana K. Y. , Lucisano Marilia P. , Córdoba Amily Z. , Marchesan Julie T. , da Silva Lea A. B. , da Silva Raquel A. B.
Published: July 2022

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the IFI16 and IFN‐α/β receptors expression during the genesis and development of experimental apical periodontitis (AP) in mice teeth.

Methodology

Apical periodontitis was induced in the lower first molars of 40 C57BL/6 mice. They were divided according to the experimental periods 2, 7, 14, 21 and 42 days (n = 8 per group). Five animals were used as a control group (without AP). Specimens were submitted to histological processing for description of the inflammatory process, immunostaining for the presence/absence and localization of IFI16 and IFN‐α/β receptors (qualitative and semi‐quantitative analysis) and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) histoenzimology.

Results

The results showed a gradual development of AP over the experimental times. The expression of IFI16 was noticeably more exacerbated in the experimental early period (day 2) whilst the lowest expression was observed in the control group (p = .02). For IFN‐α/β receptors, a higher intensity staining was observed 42 days after AP induction, that was statistically different from the control group (p = .02). In addition, the number of TRAP‐positive cells was higher on the later periods (days 21 and 42; p < .001).

Conclusion

IFI16 protein expression was highest during the early periods after AP induction in mice teeth, whilst IFN‐α/β receptor expression was highest after AP became established.
Actors and factors in the international transfer of dual training approaches: The coordination of vocational education and training in Mexico from a German perspective
Authors: Vogelsang Beke , Röhrer Natascha , Pilz Matthias , Fuchs Martina
Published: July 2022

The transfer of the German dual vocational education and training to other countries is much discussed. The reduction of youth unemployment, in particular, is considered as a central motive. Similarly, some promoting factors and challenges that influence the transfer of vocational education are already known. The focus of this study is on the reform of the Mexican vocational education system and the facilitating and inhibiting factors faced by the different actors from German‐speaking countries involved. The study is based on 22 expert interviews that were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The results show that there are factors that have both a positive and a negative impact on transfer in Mexico.
Development of an irrigation regime for winter wheat to save water resources by avoiding irrigation at anthesis stage
Authors: Wu Baojian , Lin Xiang , Ali Muhammad Fraz , Wang Dong
Published: July 2022

Latest published information is limited on agronomic responses of winter wheat to irrigation quantity and the necessity of irrigation at the anthesis stage. This study was conducted to (1) evaluate winter wheat yield, water use, assimilate redistribution and economic benefit with respect to water input and (2) quantify relationship between water input and yield to develop a standard for withholding irrigation at anthesis. A 4‐year long field experiment was conducted to evaluate winter wheat water use, yield formation pathway and farmers' income under three irrigation regimes: rainfed, irrigation at sowing and jointing (SJ‐W) and irrigation at sowing, jointing and anthesis (SJA‐W). The yield formation pathway was correlated with the water‐induced variation in assimilate redistribution and accumulation. Throughout the experimental period, wheat yield was 19–38% lower in rainfed than that under other irrigation treatments. Moreover, SJ‐W treatment substantially increased biomass accumulation at anthesis, accelerated assimilate redistribution in vegetative organs and eventually resulted in a similar wheat yield to that of SJA‐W. Simultaneously, the SJ‐W treatment had lower irrigation water, reduced additional irrigation cost, suppressed yield loss and obtained a similar farmer's net income to the SJA‐W treatment. Water‐induced variations in yield were determined by irrigation, rainfall and soil water storage. SJ‐W plots receiving 204–331 mm water input (rainfall + irrigation) before anthesis and holding 549–587 mm soil water during anthesis stage achieved higher irrigation water use efficiency and yield relative to the rainfed and SJA‐W plots. In contrast, water input under rainfed plots exceeded 200 mm before anthesis, limiting yield substantially even when seasonal soil water consumption exceeded 160 mm. Developing a standard for withholding irrigation at the anthesis stage should incorporate 204–331 mm of water input (rainfall + irrigation) before anthesis and 549–587 mm soil water storage at anthesis, which could achieve a high wheat yield and save water resources.
Sorghum bicolor prioritizes the recovery of its photosynthetic activity when re‐watered after severe drought stress, while manages to preserve it under elevated CO2 and drought
Authors: Martínez‐Goñi Xabier Simón , Robredo Anabel , Pérez‐López Usue , Muñoz‐Rueda Alberto , Mena‐Petite Amaia
Published: July 2022

Understanding plant response and resilience to drought under a high CO2 environment will be crucial to ensure crop production in the future. Sorghum bicolor is a C4 plant that resists drought better than other crops, which could make it a good alternative to be grown under future climatic conditions. Here, we analyse the physiological response of sorghum under 350 ppm CO2 (aCO2) or 700 ppm CO2 (eCO2) with drought (D) or without drought (WW) for 9, 13 and 16 days; as well as its resilience under long (R1: 9D + 7R) or short (R2: 13D + 3R) recovery treatments. Sorghum showed elevated rates of gs under aCO2 and WW, which resulted in a significant decrease in Ψw, gs, E, ΦPSII, Fv’/Fm′ when exposed to drought. Consequently, A was greatly decreased. When re‐watered, both re‐watering treatments prioritized A recovery by restoring photosynthetic machinery under aCO2, whereas under eCO2 plants required little recovery since plant were hardly affected by drought. However, sorghum growth rate for aboveground organs did not reach control values, indicating a slower long‐term recovery. Overall, these results provide information about the resilience of sorghum and its utility as a suitable candidate for the drought episodes of the future.
LnUO4‐based glass–ceramic composites as waste forms for the immobilization of lanthanide‐bearing uranium wastes
Authors: Lu Kimbal T. , Zhang Yingjie , Wei Tao , Murphy Gabriel L. , Bhuiyan Aurpa , Scales Nicholas , Zheng Rongkun
Published: July 2022

We report a comprehensive study on lanthanide monouranate–based glass–ceramic (GC) composites as potential waste forms for the immobilization of the lanthanide actinide fraction waste arising from the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). Although the crystalline LnUO4precursor prepared via a nitrate route can be well stabilized in a sodium aluminoborosilicate glass, the in situ crystallization of EuUO4in glass from oxide precursors (Eu2O3and U3O8) is rather robust with regards to various processing conditions such as waste loadings, ceramic‐to‐glass ratios, and cooling rates. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy investigations revealed the detailed microstructures, where ∼1–5‐μm spheres for NdUO4and EuUO4, and ∼1–5‐μm rectangular crystals for DyUO4and HoUO4were observed in residual glasses. As designed, the pentavalent uranium has been confirmed by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Overall, LnUO4‐based GC composite waste forms are chemically durable, offering flexible processing options with wide operating windows for SNF and process waste stream management.
Visual Analysis of Midwifery Research in China Based on Bibliometrics
Authors: He Jingjing , Wan Li , Yang Wenqian , Luo Biru
Published: July 2022

Introduction

This study used bibliometrics to analyze the current trends, hotspots, and frontiers in Chinese midwifery research.

Methods

A search was conducted among midwifery literature published from 2010 to 2020, and bibliometric and information visualization analyses were conducted using the acquired data. A bibliometric analysis was performed on the quantity and trends in midwifery research, distribution of and cooperation among research institutions, coauthorship, distribution of disciplines, high‐frequency keywords, and burst terms. Cooperation mode, research hotspots, and research frontiers were also analyzed.

Results

The findings indicate that the number of midwifery research studies have been steadily increasing in China over the last decade. During the study period, Guangdong Province, which received the most research funding, produced the highest number of published articles, followed by Beijing and Shanghai. Research institutions related to midwifery are mainly universities with a strong focus on scientific research. Contemporary topics include core competencies and birth outcomes; research frontiers, including education; competence; and evidence‐based practice.

Discussion

China should accelerate in‐depth midwifery research; increase opportunities for regional, institutional, and team cooperation; promote the sublimation of midwifery work from practical experience to disciplinary theory; and provide higher‐quality professional services for maternal and child health. Bibliometric analyses may be used to examine midwifery research in other countries too.
Application of cryolipolysis in adipose tissue: A systematic review
Authors: Resende Leonor , Noites Andreia , Amorim Manuela
Published: July 2022

Background

Cryolipolysis is characterized by localized and controlled cooling of the subcutaneous adipose tissue, in a non‐invasive way, causing a localized panniculitis, followed by adipocyte death by apoptosis and, consequently, a decrease in adipose tissue in the treated area.

Aim(s)

To evaluate the scientific evidence and methodological qualities about effects, adverse reactions, and level of satisfaction of cryolipolysis for the reduction of subcutaneous adipose tissue.

Methods

A systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA recommendation. Searches were conducted in different databases. We included studies that used a randomized control and self‐control design and were carried out in humans. Articles published in English and Portuguese were screened, with no time limit regarding the year of publication. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Rob2 scale.

Results

Of 381 articles, seven were considered eligible for inclusion. After applying the Cochrane Rob2 scale, five studies were included in the final sample. Most studies showed significant results for cryolipolysis in reducing localized fat. The incorporation of a dietary program into the treatment was shown to contribute to a significant improvement in the lipid profile and liver enzymes, which does not happen when cryolipolysis is applied in isolation. Rare adverse effects have been identified, but never persisting beyond a month.

Conclusions

Cryolipolysis is an effective technique for reducing localized fat, safe, and well tolerated, with most participants satisfied at the end of the treatment. However, more randomized controlled studies should be carried out, since there is a limited number of articles with good methodological quality.
Re‐Creation and Preservation: Augustine and Hobbes on Pride and Fallen Politics
Authors: Long Elly
Published: July 2022

Many scholars in religious ethics and political theory read Augustine's emphasis on pride as tied to a pessimism about politics and human nature as well as a neutralist vision of politics. Against these views, this essay argues that Augustine's vision of political humility is at once tied to a thick, non‐neutralist vision of the good and a limited view of politics' role in achieving this good on its own. To make this argument, I compare Augustine's largely neglected commentary on Genesis with that of Hobbes, a political pessimist with whom Augustine is often compared. While Hobbes's political combatting of pride adheres to a vision of mere “preservation,” Augustine's instead entails a vision of “re‐creation.” Political re‐creation is aspirational, participating in a re‐instantiation of creation's order, but it is also limited, since (re‐)creation is ultimately the work of God.
Who supports #MeToo and the Kavanaugh confirmation? Exploring tolerance for sexual harassment among young adults
Authors: Herrera Hernandez Erick , Oswald Debra L.
Published: July 2022

Young adults have become increasingly involved in political and social movements around sexual harassment. This involvement likely reflects political identity as well ideological beliefs about sexual harassment. We examined how young adults’ ideological beliefs and political party identity are associated with their tolerance of sexual harassment, support for the #MeToo movement and the confirmation of Justice Kavanaugh. Tolerance for sexual harassment was positively associated with endorsement of rape myth acceptance, hostile and benevolent sexism, and was negatively associated with feminist identity, but not associated with gender or political party identity. In contrast, political party identity played an increasingly important role in predicting support for the #MeToo movement and the confirmation of Justice Kavanaugh, such that those who strongly identify as Republican were more likely to support Justice Kavanaugh and not support the #MeToo movement. These findings suggest the #MeToo movement, and the confirmation decision are not perceived as entirely about sexual harassment but increasingly as political issues. Therefore, sexual harassment workplace or university trainings should consider addressing ideological factors. Additionally, in order for anti‐sexual harassment laws to be supported by people of all political parties, it is important to frame the issue as nonpolitical.
Reducing antibiotic use in asymptomatic term infants exposed to maternal chorioamnionitis: Predictive role of sepsis risk calculator
Authors: Dsouza Vanessa , Kothari Nakul , Mishra Umesh , Jani Pranav , Maheshwari Rajesh , Shah Dharmesh , D'Cruz Daphne , Baird Jane , Luig Melissa
Published: July 2022

Aim

The sepsis risk calculator (SRC) has been shown to reduce empirical antibiotic usage in neonates at risk of early‐onset sepsis without increasing adverse clinical outcomes. However, its use for categorising and improving identification of at‐risk neonates exposed to chorioamnionitis in the local population has not been reported. This study compares the management guided by the SRC to our unit's clinical practice of administering empirical antibiotics to all term neonates (born ≥37 weeks gestation), symptomatic and asymptomatic, who were exposed to chorioamnionitis, and evaluates the performance of the SRC in managing asymptomatic term neonates exposed to chorioamnionitis.

Methods

This single‐centre retrospective study identified 178 eligible term neonates exposed to chorioamnionitis over a 17‐month study period. Relevant demographic and clinical information on the mother–infant dyad was collected. The SRC was executed retrospectively in the study cohort. Descriptive statistics were used for reporting the findings.

Results

The mean gestational age was 39 (standard deviation, SD 1) weeks, and the mean birth weight was 3472 (SD 482) g. Of the 178 neonates, 136 (76%) were asymptomatic and received empirical antibiotic therapy for 2 days (mean). Based on management recommendations from the SRC, empirical antibiotic therapy could have been avoided in 98% of asymptomatic neonates; 88% could have been managed by observation alone, avoiding mother–infant separation. No neonate died or had a positive blood culture result.

Conclusions

The SRC could reduce antibiotic exposure in asymptomatic neonates exposed to chorioamnionitis. It could assist clinicians to categorise risk in neonates exposed to chorioamnionitis.
Dental providers' perceptions of the feasibility and acceptability of implementing vaccine administration programs in dental settings: A qualitative study
Authors: Gruß Inga , Papajorgji‐Taylor Dea , Tommasi Natalia P. , Pihlstrom Daniel J. , Hendrickson Brian P. , Ikeda Jana , Manning Walter , Madden Theresa , Fellows Jeffrey L.
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Involving dental offices in routine vaccinations could have a positive impact on public health. In this study, we assessed dental providers' attitudes and perceptions regarding implementing vaccination in dental settings.

Methods

We performed semi‐structured interviews with 31 dental providers (25 dentists and 6 dental hygienists) enrolled in the Western region of the National Dental Practice‐Based Research Network as of June 28, 2021. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. We analyzed transcripts using deductive and inductive coding approaches.

Results

We identified three main themes that captured the perceptions of dental practitioners regarding the feasibility of implementing vaccine administration in a dental setting: (1) dental practitioners perceive contributing to the public health mission of disease prevention as having high value, (2) dental practitioners face considerable complexity when deciding whether to implement vaccine administration, and (3) dental practitioners do not understand current laws and associated reimbursement models related to vaccine administration.

Conclusions

To make vaccination commonplace in dental practices, legal changes to allow dental practitioners to administer vaccines should be followed by concrete guidance and relevant trainings to help interested dental practitioners successfully implement vaccination programs in their clinical settings.
Word‐Combination‐Based Measures of Phraseological Diversity, Sophistication, and Complexity and Their Relationship to Second Language Chinese Proficiency and Writing Quality
Authors: Hu Renfen , Wu Jifeng , Lu Xiaofei
Published: July 2022

This study investigated the relationship of a set of word‐combination‐based measures of phraseological diversity, sophistication, and complexity to second language (L2) Chinese proficiency and writing quality in comparison to that of a set of large‐grained topic‐comment‐unit‐based measures. Our dataset consisted of 101 assessed narratives produced by Korean learners of Chinese as a L2 at 3 proficiency levels. Multiple phraseological measures exhibited stronger correlations with quality ratings and/or larger effect sizes for proficiency than did the large‐grained topic‐comment‐unit‐based measures. Measures pertaining to language‐specific features, including topic‐comment‐unit‐based measures and phraseological measures based on language‐specific word combination types, exhibited stronger discriminative power for intermediate and advanced levels than for beginning and intermediate levels. Our results also revealed the importance of predicate‐related combinations in assessing L2 Chinese phraseological diversity and complexity. We discuss the implications of our findings for L2 Chinese writing research and L2 Chinese pedagogy.
Altered ethanol metabolism and increased oxidative stress enhance alcohol‐associated liver injury in farnesoid X receptor‐deficient mice
Authors: Morel Caroline , Chowdhary Vivek , Thevkar Nagesh Prashanth , Ribeiro Marcelle , Hawryluk Danielle , Catalano Donna , Adorini Luciano , Szabo Gyongyi
Published: July 2022

Background & Aims

Pharmacological activation of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) ameliorates liver injury, steatosis and inflammation in mouse models of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), but the underlying mechanisms of the protective effect of FXR against ALD remain unclear.

Methods

To investigate the role of FXR in ALD, we used the NIAAA model of chronic plus binge ethanol feeding in FXR‐deficient knockout (FXR KO) mice.

Results

Ethanol‐mediated liver injury and steatosis were increased in FXR KO mice, while both WT and FXR KO mice consumed the same amount of alcohol. Ethanol feeding induced liver inflammation and neutrophil infiltration that were further increased in FXR KO mice. In addition, collagen accumulation and expression of profibrotic genes were markedly elevated in the liver of alcohol‐fed FXR KO compared to wild‐type mice, suggesting that ethanol‐induced liver fibrosis is enhanced in the absence of FXR. Surprisingly, FXR KO mice showed reduced blood alcohol levels post‐binge, while CYP2E1 and ALDH1A1 were upregulated compared to WT mice, suggesting that alcohol metabolism is altered in FXR KO mice. Notably, exacerbated liver injury in FXR KO mice was associated with increased oxidative stress. ALDH1A1 activity was upregulated in FXR‐deficient mouse primary hepatocytes, contributing to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, in vitro. Finally, using an ALDH1A1 inhibitor, we showed that ALDH1A1 activity is a key contributor to alcohol‐induced ROS generation in FXR‐deficient hepatocytes, in vitro.

Conclusion

ALD pathogenesis in FXR KO mice correlates with altered ethanol metabolism and increased oxidative stress, providing new insights into the protective function of FXR in ALD.