bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deconstruction and the Gnostics
Authors: Keefer Michael
Published: March 2013

Whatever its title might lead a new reader to expect, T.S. Eliot's well-known essay on 'Shakespeare and the Stoicism of Seneca' is not an argument for influence, but a pre-emptive strike. Eliot wrote, in his own words, 'to disinfect the Senecan Shakespeare before he appears. My ambitions would be realized if I could prevent him, in so doing, from appearing at all.' It is now late in the day to entertain similar thoughts with regard to that leading trend in post-structuralist literary theory known as deconstruction. The most violently jealous of traditionalists could hardly hope to strangle in its cradle a theory and a literary practice that already stalks with Herculean strength through English departments and publishers' lists, flushing out the Augean stables of humanistic commentary, and banging on the head such primordial monsters as the belief that the knowledge of relationships does not preclude a knowledge of things, or that truth is founded upon material characteristics rather than being simply a human invention or fiction, or that there is a real world (without inverted commas) which is not simply a web of intertextuality but an objective universe to which texts can and do, indeed must, refer. It may not seem clever, in the struggle between competing literary theories which has developed over the past decade, to say that one is on the side of Antaeus, the opponent of Hercules who drew strength from his contact with the earth: one remembers how many lumps that obtuse giant took before at last being lifted up (shall we say into the thin air of formalism?) and crushed. Nor is it much comfort, amid the enthusiasm of younger critics for the new theory, to remind oneself of the radical contradictions, even incoherence, of the deconstructionist metaphysic: Antaeus was long gone by the time Hercules, in his frenzy, slaughtered all his own children.
Romans
Authors: Hebert Pierre
Published: March 2013

Reviews of French-Canadian fiction published in Canada in 1985.
Poetry
Authors: Rumscheidt H.-Martin
Published: March 2013

Reviews of books on religion published in Canada in 1985.
Drama
Authors: Astington John
Published: March 2013

Reviews of drama published in Canada in 1985.
Translations
Authors: Mezei Kathy
Published: March 2013

Reviews of literary translations published in Canada in 1985.
Humanities
Authors: Allen Derek
Published: March 2013

Reviews of books on the humanities published in Canada in 1985.
Exile in Eden: William Barnes's Lyrics of Romantic Encounter
Authors: Hertz Alan
Published: March 2013

Despite its overwhelming lushness, a poem by William Barnes often seems strangely artificial, a kind of verbal topiary. Isolated in an anthology, its self-consciously limited vocabulary and rich, stylized imagery can appear merely an eccentric and unproductive impoverishment of the medium. Seen in the proper context, however, it stands revealed as part of a large and interesting literary enterprise. The poems I call lyrics of romantic encounter—those about unexpected meetings with irresistible women—undergo just such a transformation. On their own, they seem no more than highly wrought curiosities, but the appearance of superficiality is misleading, for beneath the pruned and polished surface lie deep emotion and profound thought. These lyrics are easy to undervalue because so much of their force derives from imagery and techniques of versification established and endowed with significance elsewhere in Barnes's works. Thus, like his other poems, they are flowers best appreciated in their peculiar native habitat, and I begin with an analysis of the soil in which they naturally grow.
Memory and Will: Selective Amnesia in Paradise Lost
Authors: Howison Patricia
Published: March 2013

According to the narrative voice at the beginning of book x of Paradise Lost, Adam and Eve knew the commandment of God, but at the crucial moment did not remember it. In book IV, Adam had instructed Eve concerning 'this one, this easy charge,' reminding her that 'well thou know'st / God hath pronounc't it death to taste that Tree' (IV, 421; 426–7). Clearly, Adam and Eve know what the tree is—'the only sign of our obedience'—and they know precisely where it is and how to identify it, 'planted by the Tree of Life'; they know the source of the prohibition, God himself, and they know the consequence of disobedience. Yet somehow, with the tree standing before their eyes and the words of God's commandment and Raphael's reiterations of it echoing in their ears, Adam and Eve still contrive to forget. As the narrator's retrospective commentary implies, it seems that Adam and Eve fell not because of inadequate warning or because of a failure of knowledge, but because of a lapse in memory.
Chrétien's Lancelot and the Sublimity of Adultery
Authors: Raabe Pamela
Published: March 2013

Although Erec, Yvain, and Cligès, the heroes of Chrétien de Troyes's other complete extant romances, are certainly superior individuals, neither their creator nor their fellow characters lavish upon them the praise Lancelot receives in Le Chevalier de la charrete. The usual superlatives pale in comparison: Lancelot is not simply the best and fairest of knights, as are all of Chrétien's heroes, but a knight whom everyone he meets is forced to describe as uniquely perfect. His many deeds, too, are recounted in terms of their uniqueness among the accomplishments, not only of living knights, but of all men who ever lived: he alone dares to mount the cart, he alone of all men is fit to sleep in the enchanted bed, cross the sword bridge, and fulfil the prophecies of a perfect knight who will rescue the Queen and free the people of Logres from their long captivity in the land of Gorre. Moreover, the rhetoric Chrétien uses to describe Lancelot as the greatest of all knights invites us to see him as a saint, a martyr, the perfect Christian pilgrim, even Christ himself.
The Fate of Narrative in David Jones's Anathemata
Authors: Deane Patrick
Published: March 2013

In 1955, three years after the publication of David Jones's Anathemata, critical attempts to domesticate the work by generic classification had so proliferated—and proved so fruitless—that one writer, John Petts, found it necessary to warn readers that another sort of approach was called for: 'Confronted by his peculiar art we must abandon the usual yardsticks and plumblines by which we try to assess the stature and depth of artists in an established tradition or a known school, for as both artist and writer he is unclassifiable and without precedent' (p 10). Some heard the message, and some evidently did not. When Jones's earlier book, In Parenthesis, was published in the United States in 1962, the collision between one reviewer's desire to classify and the work's resistance to classification produced a dazzling light-show of critical language: 'this extraordinary meditation on trench warfare, this account, this novel, this poem, this crowded and precisely ordered frieze and mural, this many-choired orchestration of echoes from the islands' remote past ... ' (Paulding, p 45). The lesson was soon learned, the desire to classify Jones's work by genre and influence was sublimated, and it became critical orthodoxy to observe that The Anathemata in particular is 'entirely individual' (Corcoran, p 77). And in ways that are not the concern of this essay, this became the common ground for applauding—and disparaging—David Jones.
Reviews
Authors: Lock Charles , Picard Anne-Marie , Zitner Sheldon , Radloff Bernhard , Narveson Jan , Brady Jennifer
Published: March 2013

Richard F. Gustafson, Leo Tolstoy: Resident and Stranger: A Study in Fiction and Theology, reviewed by Charles Lock

Gary Saul Morson, Hidden in Plain View: Narrative and Creative Potentials in 'War and Peace', reviewed by Charles Lock

Julia Kristeva, Soleil noir: dépression et mélancolie, reviewed by Anne-Marie Picard

Gerald Graff, Professing Literature: An Institutional History, reviewed by Sheldon P. Zitner

Christopher Fynsk, Heidegger: Thought and Historicity, reviewed by Bernhard Radloff

L. W. Sumner, The Moral Foundation of Rights, reviewed by Jan Narveson

Sara J. van den Berg, The Action of Ben Jonson's Poetry, reviewed by Jennifer Brady
A Letter on Professionalization
Authors: Adamowski  , Doucette  , Solecki Sam
Published: March 2013

There has been some criticism in the United States recently of what might be called the 'professionalization of the intellectuals.' The critics (they include Gerald Graff, Gertrude Himmelfarb, Leslie Fiedler, Russell Jacoby, and others) complain that intellectuals are sealing themselves off from the educated public outside the universities, with literary critics, economists, historians, philosophers, and sociologists increasingly writing for fellow professionals in sub-fields (themselves increasingly narrow) of their disciplines.
Textual Criticism and Non-Fictional Prose: The Case of Matthew Arnold
Authors: Nadel Ira
Published: March 2013

In 1983 Jerome McGann declared that 'textual criticism is in the process of reconceiving its discipline' and cited revisionist views of copy-text, authorial intention, and textual authority to support his claims. McGann further argued that the social dynamic between an individual author, his work, and the method of literary production was crucial for a printed text, and should be studied more closely by textual critics. In addition, he noted that an author's intentions towards his manuscript may differ from his intentions towards his published text. For McGann, the textual critic becomes an archaeologist because he must reconstruct an entire literary past through the recovery of a literary text (McGann, 2, 41, 81, 68, 89, 93). The consequences of these changes for the editing of Matthew Arnold's prose are the specific concern of this paper; but of equal importance is the impact of such revisions on the general study of Victorian non-fictional writing.
Cultural Criticism or Textual Theory?
Authors: Good Graham
Published: March 2013

Gradually and unevenly, 'theory' is coming to a position of dominance in Canadian departments of English (and also other departments of literature, especially French). The traditionalists are tiring (or retiring); some are belatedly converting, others negotiating a wary truce with doctrines that filled them with indignation fifteen years ago. Then, they hoped that 'theory' was simply a passing fad they could afford to wait out; now, they accept that it's here to stay, at least for some time. So now, instead of Tillyard and Willey, Wimsatt and Brooks, the authorities to cite are Freud and Nietzsche, Foucault and Bourdieu, Lacan and Derrida. We've moved from 'background' to 'foregrounding,' from 'order' to 'subversion,' from 'work' to 'text'—in sum, from Bate to Barthes. The new-model English professor is much more sophisticated, more European, more philosophical, more radical—yet also somehow more professional—than the 1960 version. Bold talk about 'subversion' and 'transgression' is combined with marked deference to academic authority, professional structures, and big-name theoreticians. A new figure—the Theorist—has emerged alongside the traditional Scholar and has largely ousted the Scholar's old antagonist, the urban Intellectual. A cluster of assumptions and styles I am calling 'textual theory' has taken over much of the ground once occupied by the kind of general, free-ranging cultural criticism produced by people who identified themselves as 'intellectuals'—a kind of criticism that urgently needs reviving now against the growing hegemony of 'theory.'
The Wood and The Trees: a Personal Response
Authors: Keith
Published: March 2013

In 1957, at the beginning of my final year as an undergraduate at Cambridge, I was forced to ask myself some hard questions about my future plans and ambitions. Should I attempt to pursue a university career by applying for entry into graduate studies or should I drift, via a department of Education, into schoolteaching? I remember weighing the pros and cons, and ultimately deciding that, while I probably lacked the intellectual capacity to become an important and influential thinker in the area of English literature, I did possess certain powers of discrimination, a gift for distinguishing what was more from what was less important, an ability to communicate a solid and acceptable view of the main features of the discipline as a whole. In other words (and the image occurred to me at the time), I was capable of keeping a firm eye on the wood without being deflected by the distracting and complicating subtleties of individual trees.
Scapegoating Intellectuals
Authors: Lock Charles
Published: March 2013

>'Is there a gulf between the educated, non-academic public and the university intellectuals ... ?' What university intellectuals? 'Commitment to a profession' is a cover for careerism and has little to do with being an intellectual. The assumption that intellectuals find their natural habitat in universities hardly stands examination, in North America or Europe. The assumption is presumably extrapolated from fractional instances—the odd Cambridge college for a couple of decades, the New School for Social Research or Chicago's Committee on Social Thought episodically. There is and ought to be no institutional preserve for intellectuals: if there were, intellectuals would constitute a professional class much like any other. When it happens, infrequently, that intellectuals are perceived to form a group, that perception may be due to academic affiliation. There is no likely place to find intellectuals, any more than there is a likely place to meet strangers. Wittgenstein thought that no honest, thoughtful person could be a professor. I have encountered intellectuals in the most unlikely places, including universities.
The Vanishing Intellectuals
Authors: Ludwig Jack
Published: March 2013

Tom Adamowski's letter introduces ideas I would like to examine further: "that intellectuals are sealing themselves off from the educated public outside the universities ... that the conditions of ... [their] professional lives define their writing ... [that the] gulf between the educated, non-academic public and the university intellectuals ... is new (or widening)." For the most part these are the published views of 'older' intellectuals, but similar laments are made sotta voce by younger academics not committed to theory, the current opiate of university intellectuals; a single-minded attachment to theory marks the professionalization of the intellectuals who have set up academic banana republics—in literature, economics, sociology, history, philosophy, psychology, even the sciences —smart little empires dedicated to such good things as heterogeneity, contradiction, discordance, displacement, frictions, and collisions, and hostile to squishy doctrines, dangerous fallacies, and reactionary deviationisms such as 'formalist liberal humanism' and 'hubristic objectivism.' Younger professors who dissent risk banishment by that converted 'cohort of graduate students' and almost certain exile to the Siberia of survey courses.
On Intellectuals
Authors: Roazen Paul
Published: March 2013

I cannot imagine most of the greatest figures in modern social philosophy functioning at all well in any university setting. Machiavelli, Hobbes, Rousseau, John Stuart Mill, and Marx all did nicely without university affiliations. And Sigmund Freud, the thinker whose career I know best, never got beyond a marginal position at the University of Vienna, and devised other means for exerting the influence of his teachings. So I see no sound reason why we should expect that really important and original work should necessarily arise within an academic context.
A Voluntary Surrender: Imperialism and Imagination in A Passage to India
Authors: Heath Jeffrey
Published: March 2013

A Passage to India is a book about latecomers and invaders on foreign soil. The intruders are the Hindus, the Moslems, and the British in India, but they can also be seen as novelists attempting to find shape in regions as yet uncolonized by the imagination. Critics themselves have made many forays into Forster's India, and as a result, we now have many different Passages: the socio-political, the biographical, the anthropological-religious-psychological, the textual, the linguistic. In 1943, Lionel Trilling wrote of A Passage, 'the pattern remains public, simple, and entirely easy to grasp.' Since then, Forster criticism has come a long way, and by the 1980s his novel had become as elusive as the heart of the cloud at the end of its own penultimate chapter. Like the faces Aziz encounters while cycling through the bazaar ('just before he collides with each it vanishes'), A Passage has had a tendency to dissolve as its readers have moved closer. Like India itself during Forster's first visit in 1912, it invites through its hundred voices, but if we respond reductively—only to part of it rather than to the whole— India will not accommodate us. Indeed, to the fully responsive reader, it must often seem that silence is the best reply.
Reconstructing Midnight's Children and Shame
Authors: Harrison James
Published: March 2013

In Midnight's Children and Shame Salman Rushdie has presented the world with certainly the most talked about and probably the most incisive treatments in English fiction of the Indian subcontinent since A Passage to India. He has also presented the academic world with what seem almost textbook examples of all that postmodernist criticism tells us should be found in any self-respecting contemporary novel. And who am I to bite the hand that feeds me? Whatever needs illustrating, whether it be reader-response theory or metafiction or the tendency of language to deconstruct, Rushdie obliges. But these features alone cannot account for the widespread acceptance of his novels by a more general readership. And it does seem as if those more traditional attributes of fiction which he also contrives to incorporate are in danger of being overlooked by his scholarly apologists. Of such attributes, the enthusiasm with which he grinds his political axes to so keen an edge is something I shall for the most part assume 'needs no bush.' What will principally claim my attention is the ingenuity with which, out of material which is amorphous as a consequence both of its quantity and of its postmodernist presentation, Rushdie nevertheless creates structure, cohesion, and unity.
Reviews
Authors: Lock Charles , Henderson Greig , Gerson  , Solecki Sam , Roazen Paul
Published: March 2013

Modris Eksteins, The Great War and the Birth of the Modern Age, reviewed by Charles Lock

David Harvey, The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change, reviewed by Charles Lock

Michael Fischer, Stanley Cavell and Literary Skepticism, reviewed by Greig Henderson

Stanely Cavell, This New Yet Unapproachable America: Lectures after Emerson and after Wittgenstein, reviewed by Greig Henderson

Richard Rorty, Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity, reviewed by L. P. Gerson

George Steiner, Real Presences, reviewed by Sam Solecki

Edith Kurzweil, The Freudians: A Comparative Perspective, reviewed by Paul Roazen
Time and Casuality in Renaissance Revenge Tragedy
Authors: Kesler
Published: March 2013

Czech theorist Jan Mukarovsky argued in the 1930S that every narrative art form imposes restrictions that shape its representations of time. In the English Renaissance, the expansion of literacy accelerated by the introduction of printing began to support narrative forms defined by the division of representation into uniform and repeatable analytical units. By substituting the regularity of their own consistent procedures for the integrity of the larger 'reality' (or older representational structure) they presumed to represent, these forms opened the perception of time and event to interpretation as limited causal sequences.
Review Article
Authors: Jeffrey David
Published: March 2013

Robert Alter, The Art of Biblical Narrative, reviewed by David L. Jeffrey

Robert Alter, The Art of Biblical Poetry, reviewed by David L. Jeffrey

Robert Alter and Frank Kermode, eds., The Literary Guide to the Bible, reviewed by David L. Jeffrey

John B. Gable and Charles B. Wheeler, The Bible as Literature: An Introduction, reviewed by David L. Jeffrey

John H. Gottcent, The Bible; A Literary Study, reviewed by David L. Jeffrey

Patrick Grant, Reading the New Testament, reviewed by David L. Jeffrey

Gabriel Josipovici, The Book of God: As Essay on the Bible, reviewed by David L. Jeffrey

Wesley A. Kort, Story, Text and Scripture: Literary Interests in Biblical Narrative, reviewed by David L. Jeffrey

Stephen Prickett, Words and the Word: Language, Poetics, and Biblical Interpretation, reviewed by David L. Jeffrey
Rousseau Walks the Earth
Authors: Sadler Sir Michael
Published: March 2013

Like other great figures—Aristotle, St. Paul, St.D Augustine, St. Thomas Aquinas, Shakespeare, and Spinoza—five men are always cropping up, regardless of the lapse of years: Moses, Plato, St. Francis of Assisi, Napoleon, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. They haunt the world. Yet Moses had only a distant view of the Promised Land; Plato had his heart-breaking rebuff at Syracuse; St. Francis of Assisi had Brother Elias; Napoleon had his retreat from Moscow; and Rousseau had disease of the kidneys and a partly hypochondriacal terror of malignant conspiracy.
Alexander Sergeyevitch Pushkin
Authors: Clark
Published: March 2013

On February 10, 1937, will occur an event unique in Russian annals since the Revolution. During at least a minute's truce, every man and woman of the Russian race-whether White or Red, whether Soviet citizen in the cities and fields of Russia, or émigré “going up and down another's stairs” in Paris or Tokio will be just a Russian once more, as he or she bows in silent tribute before the memory of Alexander Sergeyevitch Pushkin, who died on that day a hundred years ago. The man who has brought about this miracle of the communion of feud-riven souls in a racial heritage—something that no figure in political or military or religious history, not even any other artist in letters or music or painting, not Turgeniev or Tolstoy or Dostoyevsky, has been able to accomplish—this man surely deserves the tribute of a moment's attention even from the foreigner.
The Thought of Aldous Huxley
Authors: Kirkwood
Published: March 2013

In an article which appeared in the London Mercury of January, 1933, G. K. Chesterton placed Huxley among the young moderns whom he attacked as “witty, brilliant and fashionable bankrupts.” This view of Huxley in particular has been a common one, for brilliance and wit animate whatever he writes, and, having written for a world that wanted to be amused, he has become fashionable. Mr. Chesterton understood him merely to mock, as one having no religious belief and seeing no purpose in the world or in the will. Whether this be a real aspect of his work or not, readers have not found it easy to resist a writer who remarks in connection with one of his characters that “no chameleon can live with comfort on a tartan,” and who concludes his description of his own agonies during a first ride on an elephant with the comment, “I returned full of admiration for Hannibal. He crossed the Alps on an elephant.” Numerous quips by Huxley include the statement that “Puritans like to wear the fig-leaf over the mouth,” while in a serious essay on the evolution of theologies, he uses the astonishing figure, “Men's religious life works on the principle of a hot-water system.” Huxley's vocabulary is no less entertaining than his figures of comparison, and we find ourselves stimulated if not always illuminated by “minusculous” and “callipygous,” “wamblingly” and “bombinating,” “geodesic” and “mixolydian.” It is as if the creator of “brillig” and “slithy toves” had come to life again, challenging us to understand as well as to enjoy him.
From Human to Humane in the Modern French Novel
Authors: Walter Felix
Published: March 2013

Within the past few months the French political world has emerged from the confusion and hesitation of the period since the War. New men wedded to new doctrines govern in Paris. It is not the purpose of this article to comment on the Front Populaire, its aims or the men who shape them. But it seems to the present writer possible to draw a parallel between recent tendencies in the sphere of French letters and similar ones in the domain of French politics, possible as well to indicate the general direction and significance of the former. And it is perhaps not unreasonable to suppose that such a rough chart may be of some help to those who have found the post-War French novel with its innumerable “isms” as chaotic as French politics with its multiplicity of parties.
External Policy and Internal Problems
Authors: Lower
Published: March 2013

Although discussions of the line of action this country should follow in the event of war in Europe have become increasingly frequent, few have attempted to analyse in cold blood the realities of our situation and to formulate a policy growing naturally out of them. If anything is to be settled by sweet reasonableness, and not in the heat of emotion, it will have to be settled soon. I make bold, therefore, to investigate some of the fundamentals which have always determined the policy of other countries, and in the long run will determme ours.
Fiction
Authors: MacGillivray
Published: March 2013

Reviews of fiction published in Canada in 1936.
Canadian Social Studies
Authors: Brady
Published: March 2013

Reviews of Canadian Social Studies published in 1936.
Expectations and Compacts in the Beckwith-Reaney Operas: A Case Study
Authors: Mayo John
Published: March 2013

In Art and Illusion, his celebrated investigation of aesthetic experience, E.H. Gombrich discusses the role that the viewer's expectations play in deciphering a work of art: "All culture and all communication depend on the interplay between expectation and observation, the waves of fulfillment, disappointment, right guesses, and wrong moves that make up our daily life. ... The experience of art is not exempt from this general rule. A style, like a culture or climate of opinion, sets up a horizon of expectation, a mental set, which registers deviations and modifications with exaggerated sensitivity." To think in terms of a 'horizon of expectation' is to focus critical attention not only upon the work of art but also upon the process of interaction that takes place between the work and its audience. Such an approach has a long history in literary circles and it is from a literary theorist, Hans Robert Jauss, that I have appropriated a scheme which seems to offer some insights into that irrational art we call opera. My scheme attempts to simplify the great variety of ways in which audiences interact with operas by suggesting three different modes of behaviour: ceremonial/ritual, realistic, and ironic.
Disclosure as 'Cover-up': The Discourse of Madness in Lady Audley's Secret
Authors: Matus Jill
Published: March 2013

For a work that addresses itself in many ways to the question of madness, Lady Audley's Secret broaches the topic only as it nears its conclusion. In terms of the mechanics of this sensation novel, madness is the most melodramatic of a series of scandalous disclosures. Other revelations may have been anticipated, but this one, conventional as it is, startles even the canniest reader, since Lady Audley appears throughout the novel to be perfectly sane. This last secret is also the means by which the novel effects closure. After she has been certified, Lady Audley can be handily dispatched to a homelike asylum. On the face of it, madness is the secret now told, but it functions in significant ways more as 'cover-up' than disclosure.
Introduction
Authors: Bewell Alan
Published: March 2013

When John Dakin submitted to UTQ the 'Inhumanities of Planning Revisited,' an essay that returns to a topic he previously addressed in 1966, it seemed an ideal opportunity to organize a group of essays, along the lines of a forum, on the relationship between contemporary planning and the humanities. Over the past two decades, enormous changes have taken place in the humanities. Attitudes and values that once had seemed to be universal ideals have undergone successive challenges from a diversity of perspectives—scientific, economic, deconstructionist, ethnic, and feminist. One result of these challenges has been that writing in the humanities has increasingly become less concerned with imparting a set of values that were believed to be enduring and commonly held than with reflecting on the ways in which human values are produced and function in society. Values, meanings, and interpretations have correspondingly become the subjects of heated debate. Though many planners regularly avoid the kinds of questions that have become an ongoing feature in the humanities, planning cannot remove itself from these concerns. As an activity fundamentally concerned with creating and organizing social spaces, one that defines how and where people (and groups of people) are to live and how they will move through those spaces, planning is increasingly facing the same pressures that are currently shaping the humanities. The same questions that are being raised concerning the authority of writers and canons are being raised in regard to urban plans and the authority of planners, municipalities, ministries, and developers who design them. The essays in this forum provide different perspectives and display differing degrees of pessimism or optimism concerning the ways in which the theoretical revolutions shaping the humanities and planning relate to one another. In the diversity of approaches to the question of the humanities and planning, it is hoped, the reader will gain a deeper insight into how these fields relate to one another within contemporary culture. The final essay by Manfred Mackenzie, on 'Colonization and Decolonization in The Blithedale Romance,' was not originally a part of the forum, but it provides a fitting means for rounding off the concerns of this issue.
Inhumanities of Planning Revisited
Authors: Dakin John
Published: March 2013

Twenty-five years ago, 'UTQ' published my essay 'Inhumanities of Urban Planning.' The question probed was whether the contemporary planning of cities and regions focused on the humane goal of ensuring 'free, varied, and unwasteful life' for the individual citizen, or whether it largely flouted the values of that Western tradition described as 'the humanities.' The essay offered eleven perspectives along which it seemed actual plans— and their implementations—could only dubiously be said to be honouring humane values. Some of the matters examined along these perspectives, such as the lack of self-criticism from a humanities viewpoint and poverty of contact with the visual arts and literature, were seen as simply deficient. Others were seen as active agents of damage. The subversions included submitting to a narrow technological rationality and overemphasizing utility. Overall, there was felt to be an aggregation of dangerous tendencies leading to the 'destruction of humane values ... a serious absence ... of concern for the condition of the human individual as a unique person.' The present essay explores the effects of two revolutions that have occurred since the mid-1960s in the life of the society at large and in the theory and practice of urban planning. In retrospect, the planning atmosphere up to the mid-1960s appears now as a tranquil, but over-confident, certitude before two storms that were soon to come in quick succession: first, a rapid shift in thinking and feeling, particularly in the young; and secondly, the acquisition of a great deal of new knowledge about the planet and about ourselves as its most dangerously empowered tenants.
Planning, the Humanities, and the Circulation of Ideas
Authors: Milroy Beth Moore
Published: March 2013

In his essay 'Inhumanities of Planning Revisited,' John Dakin says, first, that planners do not pay enough attention to the humanities and, second, that planners would do a better job if they incorporated more of the 'new humanities' into their thinking and practice. Thirdly, the way forward requires a change in the knower in order to change the value weight given to things known.
'In the name of her sacred weakness': Romance, Destiny, and Woman's Revenge in Wilkie Collins's The Woman in White
Authors: Taylor Michael
Published: March 2013

Wilkie Collins's hugely popular novel, The Woman in White (1860), was published at a time when the British middle-class woman was denigrated and marginalized by her husband's or lover's patronizing, contemptuous worship of her in a self-aggrandizing version of the traditional romance prostration before the idealized woman. As a 'priestess of virtuous inanity' (Dijkstra, 4), nineteenth-century woman became the object of a 'male fantasy of ultimate power, ultimate control' (Dijkstra, 19). She achieved her dubious, frail, holy status in order to validate and ameliorate the necessary brutalities practised by the century's ambitious men in their pursuit of empire. From this state of affairs emerged the cult of the 'household nun' and the 'consumptive sublime' (Dijkstra, 176) with its apotheosis in the woman's half-welcomed death (half-welcomed, that is, by both partners). In The Woman in White Collins combines a treatment of the cult of the consumptive household nun with elements of traditional romance to produce a scandalous version of romance in which the neurasthenic object of knightly solicitude proves to be far more troublingly resilient than her self-declared protectors—much to their later chagrin—could ever have imagined.
English Studies versus the Humanities? Cultural Studies and Institutional Power
Authors: Wallace Jo-Ann
Published: March 2013

The short paper which follows was originally delivered at a 1994 ACCUTE (Association of Canadian College and University Teachers of English) panel on `Cultural Studies versus English Studies?' The title of the panel evokes and interrogates the threat that a politically informed, interdisciplinary `cultural studies' paradigm may pose to traditional `English studies' programs. The title of my paper redirects that question to consider the long-term effects, in a period of government cutbacks to university funding, of expanding the already elastic mandate of English departments to include `cultural studies' in their curricula. One of the long-term effects may be the loss of smaller departments within the humanities (e.g., art history, film studies, classics) and the concurrent loss of discipline-specific training these departments offer. This is not to say that English departments should observe a `hands off' policy in relation to new interdisciplinary imperatives; nor is it to say that the only appropriate response to cutbacks is disciplinary entrenchment. The very modest proposal of this paper is that we must all—“but especially those of us in large, `protected' departments (that is, departments which by virtue of their size and, often, their `service' mandate are perceived, by smaller, more vulnerable departments and programs, as `protected')— attempt to anticipate some of the long-term effects of institutional restructuring in response to funding cutbacks.
Critical Sites: A Round-Table Discussion with Some of the Members of the Trent University Cultural Studies Program
Authors: Pender Stephen
Published: March 2013

Stephen Pender (for UTQ): To remind everyone of the questions we have proposed for this discussion: (1) What species of political praxis are enabled, emphasized, or occulted under the rubric of cultural studies? (2) How is cultural studies defined? By object or practice? Is the object of cultural studies everyday life? (3) What about Raymond Williams and the shift from Marxist to `culturalist' models of inquiry? (4) What is the institutional context of cultural studies here at Trent, its relation to women's studies, queer studies, native studies, or graduate work, including what is called here the `methodologies MA'?
Take Birmingham to the Curb, Here Comes African Cultural Studies: An Exercise in Revisionist Historiography
Authors: Wright Handel Kashope
Published: March 2013

It is a little-known fact that cultural studies proper started in Africa in the 1970s. To be more precise, cultural studies originated at the Kamiriithu Community Education and Cultural Centre in the village of Limuru, Kenya in 1977. Its principal constructors were Ngugi wa Thiong'o, Ngugi wa Mirii, and the membership of the Centre. The central project around which it became manifest was a collective theatrical production involving the writing of a play, Ngaahika Ndeenda (I Will Marry When I Want), building a theatre, rehearsals, and the actual staging of the play. Of course there were other beginnings in other places (Culturulogy in Russia in the 1920s, the Harlem Renaissance in the United States in the 1920s and 1930s, the Negritude Movement in France, francophone Africa, and the French West Indies in the 1930s, and the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies in Birmingham, England, in the 1960s), but all of these were at best rather unsatisfactory precursors of the praxis of cultural studies developed at Kamiriithu.
Epilogue: The Devil in Disguise
Authors: Adamowski
Published: March 2013

When Saul Bellow moved to New York, in the late 1930s, he was taken up by the most important group of 'cultural critics' of mid-century America, the Partisan Review intellectuals: 'They thought that I was a kid from the sticks, from Chicago, who showed some promise and might develop into something' (Bellow, 315). The 'promise' they saw seems to have had much to do with the young Bellow's taste for both modern literature and (briefly) in the loosely textured Marxism then in vogue among these intellectuals. Eventually, however, Bellow and PR went separate ways, with Bellow choosing to be the 'cat who walked by himself' (308), and one suspects that he was put off by what we might today call a certain 'theoretical' cast to the 'Partisan Review heavyweights,' those early jugglers of great twentieth-century-isms.
Time in Entertainments for Queen Elizabeth I: 1590–1602
Authors: Howard Patricia
Published: March 2013

On 14 January 1559, the day before her coronation, the young Queen Elizabeth (twenty-five years old) processed through London as spectator of and participant in an elaborate pageant celebrating her accession. Two of the allegorical personages in the festivities were Time and Truth, the daughter of Time, voicing their anticipation of a fortunate future and the continuance of truth.
'O seditious Citizen of the Physicall Common-Wealth!': Harvey's Royalism and His Autopsy of Old Parr
Authors: Shepard Alan
Published: March 2013

Buried at the end of the sixty-eighth chapter of De Generatione Animalium (1651) is an easily missed lament from the erstwhile royal physician William Harvey (1578–1657). Begging his readers' pardon, he pauses amidst his Bildungsroman of the chick embryo to 'sigh' that in his absence from London, as he attended Charles I in exile in Oxford, Puritan soldiers have ransacked his living-quarters inside Whitehall. 'Some rapacious hands ... not only by Parliament's permission, but by its command' have destroyed not merely his household goods, but as he stresses, what is 'the heavier cause of my lament,' the records of his researches on the procreation of insects. Their loss, he asserts, shall damage 'the commonwealth of learning.' What is surprising about Harvey's aside is not its appearance in a scientific paper, but its almost neutral affective tone. Apart from shrinking whole soldiers to a metonym—'rapacious hands'—he otherwise swallows his anger.
'Mock Not': The Problem of Laughter in Richard II
Authors: Kurtz Martha
Published: March 2013

Richard II's fall from power in Shakespeare's play has been attributed to many causes: the weakness ofthe king's 'poetic' temperament; the strength of his un-poetic determination to 'affirm a policy of royal absolutism'; his un-Christian willingness to allow a trial by combat; his failure to allow the trial by combat to proceed; his excessive leniency to both friends and enemies; his complicity in his uncle's murder. Most recently, his fate has been ascribed to the effect of a pervasive 'carnival spirit' that shapes the world of this play and the plays that follow it. Richard, according to David Bergeron's 'Richard II and Carnival Politics,' is a 'mock king' who, governed by the rules of carnival games, must inevitably be thrust down, belittled, and cast out to make place for another: 'history and the play's carnival spirit ... displace him, subvert and substitute him. There is, of course, no actual carnival in the play, but Bergeron argues that Shakespeare 'uses language and ideas associated with carnival as a means of exploring the topsy-turvy world of this play,' with the result that 'carnival is not marginal but preeminent in the play as metaphor and reality.' In the spirit of popular festivity Bolingbroke too will 'have his day to "monarchize," but will eventually be subsumed in the carnival process that dethrones every king, every power. '[C]arnival pulls down, if only for a moment, established order, whether government or church.'
Edward Burne-Jones and Pre-Raphaelite Melancholy
Authors: Shaw W. David
Published: March 2013

In Edward Burne-Jones's portrait of Caroline Fitzgerald (1884), the clue to the young model's oddly candid yet withdrawn gaze appears to lie in the undisclosed subject of her book. As a classical and Sanskrit scholar and a member of the American Oriental Society, Caroline may have been poring over a volume of linguistics. Given its embellished lettering, however, it is more likely that the future author of Venetia Victrix and Other Poems, a volume which she dedicates to Browning in l889, has been reading a work of literature possibly a copy of the Kelmscott Chaucer that Burne-Jones himself helped decorate and design. If we knew the book's title, we might unlock the secret of the model's mysteriously abstracted gaze. But Caroline's melancholy countenance is both masked and unmasked. And the content of her book, like the object of her tear-filled thoughts, is undisclosed.
Walter Roth, Wilson Harris, and a Caribbean/Postcolonial Theory of Modernism
Authors: McDougall Russell
Published: March 2013

New Year's Day, 1933 – The English society author, Evelyn Waugh, visiting British Guiana for the purpose of writing a book on his impressions of the colony, recorded in his diary: `On Monday of last week I went to tea with the Wilemses and met Dr Roth, an opinionated and rather disagreeable old man who said he was willing, if I paid his expenses, to take me to the only place where unsophisticated Indians are still to be found — in the headwaters of the Essequibo. He estimated that this would take three months and £30. At first I was not attracted by the proposition, but later grew more enthusiastic and saw the possibility of a good book in it' (Waugh, Diaries, 361). The next day Waugh went with the governor on a trip by launch from Georgetown to the former convict station of Mazaruni, and there he encountered a Mr Davies, who warned him that Roth was `an irresponsible traveller' (ibid), with no sense either of time or money, who almost killed himself every time he journeyed up-country through his neglect of basic precautions. Roth was seventy-two. On his previous expedition, seven years earlier, he had lost forty-seven pounds in just over six months. Waugh was twenty-nine, and just ten days into his South American jaunt; he heeded Davies' warning, which is just as well, as `within a few months Roth was dead' (Stannard, 314). Waugh had only met the old man on one other occasion, and that was when he went to tell him that he had changed his mind about the expedition. In his travel-book, Ninety-Two Days, he does not even mention Roth. But, as Waugh's biographer, Martin Stannard, notes: `The image of this elderly, opinionated, experienced bush man must have lodged in his imagination, as Dr Messinger in A Handful of Dust bears a distinct resemblance to that ``irresponsible traveller;" [and] Waugh's own irrational determination is matched by his hero's equally foolish infatuation with the Doctor's expedition' (Stannard, 315).
Reviews
Authors: Adamowski  , Chambers Douglas , Onyeoziri Gloria Nne
Published: March 2013

Donald Clarke, All or Nothing at All: A Life of Frank Sinatra, T. H. Adamowski

Will Friedwald, Sinatra! The Song Is You. a Singer's Art, reviewed by T. H. Adamowski

John Lahr, Sinatra: The Artist and the Man, reviewed by T. H. Adamowski

Steven Petkov and Leonard Mustazza, the Frank Sinatra Reader, reviewed by T. H. Adamowski

Frank Sinatra, The Complete Reprise Studio Recordings, T. H. Adamowski

John Goodrige, Rural Life in Eighteenth-Century English Poetry, reviewed by Douglas Chambers

Charlotte Klonk, Science and the Perception of Nature: British Landscape Art in the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries, reviewed by Douglas Chambers

Philippe Hamon, L'ironie littéraire: essai sur les formes de l'ériture oblique, reviewed by Gloria Nne Onyeoziri
Reviews
Authors: Munk Linda , Harris Jocelyn , Hutcheon Linda
Published: March 2013

Jonathan Edwards, Letters and Personal Writings, reviewed by Linda Munk

David Nokes, Jane Austen. A Life, reviewed by Jocelyn Harris

Gregory Woods, A History of Gay Literature, reviewed by Linda Hutcheon
Aristotle's Four Aims for Dramatic Character and His Method in the Poetics
Authors: Rinehart Hollis
Published: March 2013

Every translation is of course at the same time an interpretation; the extent to which this is true of Aristotle's Poetics, however, needs to be experienced to be appreciated. The fifteenth chapter of the Poetics furnishes an excellent example. In it Aristotle sets forth four goals the playwright should aim at in constructing his characters. The third of these is variously translated by Bywater as 'the third is to make them like the reality,' by Grube as 'the third aim is to be true to life,' and by Else (Poetics) as 'the third is likeness to human nature in general.' There are some interesting similarities and differences between these three translations, but all have one thing in common: none is justified by the text.
Tennessee Williams and the Legends of St Sebastian
Authors: Parker Brian
Published: March 2013

One result of Tennessee Williams's close attachment to the Reverend Walter Dakin and the formative years he spent in his grandfather's rectories is that his writing is saturated with religious imagery and echoes of Episcopalian liturgy (Hale, 'The Preacher's Boy,' Stein, Adler, Fritscher, Boxill). These include frequent references to the saints (Debusscher), including two major adaptations of the legend of St Sebastian.
Lord Rutherford, 1871-1937
Authors: Burton
Published: March 2013

On October 25, 1937, were interred in the Nave of Westminster Abbey, the ashes of Rutherford-beside the remains of Newton, Faraday, and Kelvin; and thus the pinnacle of earthly greatness in science was the last reward of the New Zealand lad who had entered Nelson College in his native land almost fifty years before. Coming from the smallest of the overseas Dominions, with no prestige of family or wealth, this boy had risen to be the dominating figure in science in the British Empire and a recognized leader of physics in the whole world. Many honours came to Rutherford: in 1914 he was knighted; in 1925 he was awarded the highest gift from the King, the Order of Merit; and in 1931 he was raised to the peerage as First Baron Rutherford of Nelson. At a centenary celebration in honour of Galvani at Bologna, which opened the day after Rutherford's death, Professor Niels Bohr paid this remarkable tribute: "His achievements are indeed so great that, at a gathering of physicists, like the one here assembled in honour of Galvani, where recent progress in our science is discussed, they provide the background of almost every word that is spoken."
Letters in Canada
Authors: Woodhouse
Published: March 2013

Introductory remark by the editor of the reviews section.
Drama
Authors: Milne
Published: March 2013

Reviews of drama published in Canada in 1937.