bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Allometric Equations for Estimating Carbon Stocks in Natural Forest in New Zealand
Authors: Beets Peter N. , Kimberley Mark O. , Oliver Graeme R. , Pearce Stephen H. , Graham J. Doug , Brandon Andrea
Published: September 2012

Species-specific and mixed-species volume and above ground biomass allometric equations were developed for 15 indigenous tree species and four tree fern species in New Zealand. A mixed-species tree equation based on breast height diameter (DBH) and tree height (H) provided acceptable estimates of stem plus branch (>10 cm in diameter over bark) volume, which was multiplied by live tree density to estimate dry matter. For dead standing spars, DBH, estimated original height, actual spar height and compatible volume/taper functions provided estimates of dead stem volume, which was multiplied by live tree density and a density modifier based on log decay class from field assessments to estimate dry matter. Live tree density was estimated using ratio estimators. Ratio estimators were based on biomass sample trees, and utilized density data from outerwood basic density surveys which were available for 35 tree species sampled throughout New Zealand. Foliage and branch ( < 10 cm in diameter over bark) dry matter were estimated directly from tree DBH. Tree fern above ground dry matter was estimated using allometric equations based on DBH and H. Due to insufficient data, below ground carbon for trees was estimated using the default IPCC root/shoot ratio of 25%, but for tree ferns it was estimated using measured root/shoot ratios which averaged 20%.
Determination and Analysis of Ustiloxins A and B by LC-ESI-MS and HPLC in False Smut Balls of Rice
Authors: Shan Tijiang , Sun Weibo , Liu Hao , Gao Shan , Lu Shiqiong , Wang Mingan , Sun Wenxian , Chen Zhiyi , Wang Shu , Zhou Ligang
Published: September 2012

Ustiloxins are cyclopeptide mycotoxins produced by the pathogenic fungus Villosiclava virens of rice false smut. Ustiloxins A and B as two main mycotoxins were determined conveniently by LC-ESI-MS in the water extract from rice false smut balls which were mostly composed of the chlamydospores and mycelia of the pathogen. Both ustiloxins A and B in the water extract were also quantitatively analyzed by HPLC. This is the first report on the determination and analysis of ustiloxins A and B simultaneously by LC-ESI-MS and HPLC in false smut balls of rice.
Clinical Utility of Gene Expression Profiling Data for Clinical Decision-Making Regarding Adjuvant Therapy in Early Stage, Node-Negative Breast Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Schuster Steven R. , Pockaj Barbara A. , Bothe Mary R. , David Paru S. , Northfelt Donald W.
Published: September 2012

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in the United States with the second highest incidence of cancer-related death following lung cancer. The decision-making process regarding adjuvant therapy is a time intensive dialogue between the patient and her oncologist. There are multiple tools that help individualize the treatment options for a patient. Population-based analysis with Adjuvant! Online and genomic profiling with Oncotype DX are two commonly used tools in patients with early stage, node-negative breast cancer. This case report illustrates a situation in which the population-based prognostic and predictive information differed dramatically from that obtained from genomic profiling and affected the patient’s decision. In light of this case, we discuss the benefits and limitations of these tools.
Mesua beccariana (Clusiaceae), A Source of Potential Anti-cancer Lead Compounds in Drug Discovery
Authors: Teh Soek Sin , Cheng Lian Ee Gwendoline , Mah Siau Hui , Lim Yang Mooi , Rahmani Mawardi
Published: September 2012

An investigation on biologically active secondary metabolites from the stem bark of Mesua beccariana was carried out. A new cyclodione, mesuadione (1), along with several known constituents which are beccamarin (2), 2,5-dihydroxy-1,3,4-trimethoxy anthraquinone (3), 4-methoxy-1,3,5-trihydroxyanthraquinone (4), betulinic acid (5) and stigmasterol (6) were obtained from this ongoing research. Structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D-NMR, GC-MS, IR and UV techniques. Preliminary tests of the in vitro cytotoxic activities of all the isolated metabolites against a panel of human cancer cell lines Raji (lymphoma), SNU-1 (gastric carcinoma), K562 (erythroleukemia cells), LS-174T (colorectal adenocarcinoma), HeLa (cervical cells), SK-MEL-28 (malignant melanoma cells), NCI-H23 (lung adenocarcinoma), IMR-32 (neuroblastoma) and Hep-G2 (hepatocellular liver carcinoma) were carried out using an MTT assay. Mesuadione (1), beccamarin (2), betulinic acid (5) and stigmasterol (6) displayed strong inhibition of Raji cell proliferation, while the proliferation rate of SK-MEL-28 and HeLa were strongly inhibited by stigmasterol (6) and beccamarin (2), indicating these secondary metabolites could be anti-cancer lead compounds in drug discovery.
Aqueous Chemical Solution Deposition of Novel, Thick and Dense Lattice-Matched Single Buffer Layers Suitable for YBCO Coated Conductors: Preparation and Characterization
Authors: Narayanan Vyshnavi , Van Steenberge Sigelinde , Lommens Petra , Van Driessche Isabel
Published: September 2012

In this work we present the preparation and characterization of cerium doped lanthanum zirconate (LCZO) films and non-stoichiometric lanthanum zirconate (LZO) buffer layers on metallic Ni-5% W substrates using chemical solution deposition (CSD), starting from aqueous precursor solutions. La2Zr2O7 films doped with varying percentages of Ce at constant La concentration (La0.5CexZr1−xOy) were prepared as well as non-stoichiometric La0.5+xZr0.5−xOy buffer layers with different percentages of La and Zr ratios. The variation in the composition of these thin films enables the creation of novel buffer layers with tailored lattice parameters. This leads to different lattice mismatches with the YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) superconducting layer on top and with the buffer layers or substrate underneath. This possibility of minimized lattice mismatch should allow the use of one single buffer layer instead of the current complicated buffer architectures such as Ni-(5% W)/LZO/LZO/CeO2. Here, single, crack-free LCZO and non-stoichiometric LZO layers with thicknesses of up to 140 nm could be obtained in one single CSD step. The crystallinity and microstructure of these layers were studied by XRD, and SEM and the effective buffer layer action was studied using XPS depth profiling.
Overcoming Limitations with Landsat Imagery for Mapping of Peat Swamp Forests in Sundaland
Authors: Wijedasa Lahiru S. , Sloan Sean , Michelakis Dimitrios G. , Clements Gopalasamy R.
Published: September 2012

Landsat can be used to map tropical forest cover at 15–60 m resolution, which is helpful for detecting small but important perturbations in increasingly fragmented forests. However, among the remaining Landsat satellites, Landsat-5 no longer has global coverage and, since 2003, a mechanical fault in the Scan-Line Corrector (SLC-Off) of the Landsat-7 satellite resulted in a 22–25% data loss in each image. Such issues challenge the use of Landsat for wall-to-wall mapping of tropical forests, and encourage the use of alternative, spatially coarser imagery such as MODIS. Here, we describe and test an alternative method of post-classification compositing of Landsat images for mapping over 20.5 million hectares of peat swamp forest in the biodiversity hotspot of Sundaland. In order to reduce missing data to levels comparable to those prior to the SLC-Off error, we found that, for a combination of Landsat-5 images and SLC-off Landsat-7 images used to create a 2005 composite, 86% of the 58 scenes required one or two images, while 14% required three or more images. For a 2010 composite made using only SLC-Off Landsat-7 images, 64% of the scenes required one or two images and 36% required four or more images. Missing-data levels due to cloud cover and shadows in the pre SLC-Off composites (7.8% and 10.3% for 1990 and 2000 enhanced GeoCover mosaics) are comparable to the post SLC-Off composites (8.2% and 8.3% in the 2005 and 2010 composites). The area-weighted producer’s accuracy for our 2000, 2005 and 2010 composites were 77%, 85% and 86% respectively. Overall, these results show that missing-data levels, classification accuracy, and geographic coverage of Landsat composites are comparable across a 20-year period despite the SLC-Off error since 2003. Correspondingly, Landsat still provides an appreciable utility for monitoring tropical forests, particularly in Sundaland’s rapidly disappearing peat swamp forests.
Multiple Applications of Alamar Blue as an Indicator of Metabolic Function and Cellular Health in Cell Viability Bioassays
Authors: Rampersad Sephra N.
Published: September 2012

Accurate prediction of the adverse effects of test compounds on living systems, detection of toxic thresholds, and expansion of experimental data sets to include multiple toxicity end-point analysis are required for any robust screening regime. Alamar Blue is an important redox indicator that is used to evaluate metabolic function and cellular health. The Alamar Blue bioassay has been utilized over the past 50 years to assess cell viability and cytotoxicity in a range of biological and environmental systems and in a number of cell types including bacteria, yeast, fungi, protozoa and cultured mammalian and piscine cells. It offers several advantages over other metabolic indicators and other cytotoxicity assays. However, as with any bioassay, suitability must be determined for each application and cell model. This review seeks to highlight many of the important considerations involved in assay use and design in addition to the potential pitfalls.
Pt-TiO2/MWCNTs Hybrid Composites for Monitoring Low Hydrogen Concentrations in Air
Authors: Trocino Stefano , Donato Andrea , Latino Mariangela , Donato Nicola , Leonardi Salvatore Gianluca , Neri Giovanni
Published: September 2012

Hydrogen is a valuable fuel for the next energy scenario. Unfortunately, hydrogen is highly flammable at concentrations higher than 4% in air. This aspect makes the monitoring of H2 leaks an essential issue for safety reasons, especially in the transportation field. In this paper, nanocomposites based on Pt-doped TiO2/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been introduced as sensitive materials for H2 at low temperatures. Pt-TiO2/MWNTs nanocomposites with different composition have been prepared by a simple wet chemical procedure and their morphological, microstructural and electrical properties were investigated. Resistive thick-film devices have been fabricated printing the hybrid nanocomposites on alumina substrates provided with Pt interdigitated electrodes. Electrical tests in air have shown that embedding MWCNTs in the TiO2 matrix modify markedly the electrical conductivity, providing a means to decrease the resistance of the sensing layer. Pt acts as a catalytic additive. Pt-TiO2/MWNTs-based sensors were found to be sensitive to hydrogen at concentrations between 0.5 and 3% in air, satisfying the requisites for practical applications in hydrogen leak detection devices.
Pure Red Cell Aplasia in a Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation Patient: Inside the Erythroblast
Authors: Labbadia Francesca , Salido-Fierréz Eduardo , Majado-Martinez Juliana , Cabañas-Perianes Valentin , Moraleda Jiménez José
Published: September 2012

A case of pure red cell aplasia in a simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplant recipient on immunosuppressive therapy is reported here. The patient presented with anemia unresponsive to erythropoietin treatment. Bone marrow cytomorphology was highly suggestive of parvovirus pure red cell aplasia, which was confirmed with serology and polymerase chain reaction positive for parvovirus B19 DNA in peripheral blood. After the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin the anemia improved with a rising number of the reticulocytes.
Extraskeletal osteochondroma on a cat´s elbow
Authors: Rosa Chantal , Kirberger Robert M.
Published: September 2012

A solitary extraskeletal osteochondroma was diagnosed in a 6-year-old, castrated male Burmese cat, positive for feline leukaemia virus (FeLV). The cat presented with a rapidly growing, solid, non-painful mass on the craniolateral aspect of the left elbow. Radiographs revealed an oval, well circumscribed 2.0 cm × 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm mineralised mass separated from the underlying bone. Surgical excisional biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Feline extraskeletal osteochondromas are benign tumours frequently seen in FeLV-positive cats which can transform into osteosarcomas or chondrosarcomas. Radiographically, they cannot be distinguished from a parosteal or an extraskeletal osteosarcoma.
The Ranks of the Homotopy Groups of a Finite Dimensional Complex
Authors: Félix Yves , Halperin Steve , Thomas Jean-Claude
Published: September 2012

Let X be an n-dimensional, finite, simply connected CWcomplex and set

When 0 < αX < ∞, we give upper and lower bounds for for k sufficiently large. We also show for any r that αX can be estimated from the integers rk πi (X), i ≤ nr with an error bound depending explicitly on r.
Evidence of an elevated source of nucleation based on model simulations and data from the NIFTy experiment
Authors: Crippa P. , Petäjä T. , Korhonen H. , El Afandi G. S. , Pryor S. C.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. New particle formation has been observed at a number of ground-based measurement sites. Prior research has provided evidence that this new particle formation, while observed in the near-surface layer, is actually occurring in atmospheric layers above the surface and appears to be focused in or close to the residual layer formed by the nocturnal inversion. Here, we present both observations and modeling for southern Indiana which support this postulate. Based on simulations with a detailed aerosol dynamics model and the Weather Research and Forecasting model, along with data from ground-based remote sensing instruments and detailed gas and particle phase measurements, we show evidence that (i) the maximum rate change of ultrafine particle concentrations as observed close to the surface is always preceded by breakdown of the nocturnal inversion and enhancement of vertical mixing and (ii) simulated particle size distributions exhibit greatest accord with surface observations during and subsequent to nucleation only when initialized with a particle size distribution representative of clear atmospheric conditions, rather than the in situ (ground-level) particle size distribution.
Carbon and hydrogen isotopic ratios of atmospheric methane in the upper troposphere over the Western Pacific
Authors: Umezawa T. , Machida T. , Ishijima K. , Matsueda H. , Sawa Y. , Patra P. K. , Aoki S. , Nakazawa T.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. We present the mixing ratio, δ13C and δD of atmospheric CH4 using commercial aircraft in the upper troposphere (UT) over the Western Pacific for the period December 2005–September 2010. The observed results were compared with those obtained using commercial container ships in the lower troposphere (LT) over the same region. In the Northern Hemisphere (NH), the UT CH4 mixing ratio shows high values in the boreal summer–autumn, when the LT CH4 mixing ratio reaches a seasonal minimum. From tagged tracer experiments made using an atmospheric chemistry transport model, we found that such high CH4 values are due to rapid transport of air masses influenced by CH4 sources in South Asia and East Asia. The observed isotopic ratio data imply that these areas have CH4 sources with relatively low δ13C and δD signatures such as biogenic sources. Latitudinal distributions of the annual average UT and LT CH4 mixing ratio intersect each other in the tropics; the mixing ratio value is lower in the UT than in the LT in the NH and the situation is reversed in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), due mainly to the NH air intrusion into the SH through the UT. Such intersection of the latitudinal distributions is observable in δD but not in δ13C, implying an additional contribution from reaction of CH4 with active chlorine in the marine boundary layer. δ13C and δD show low values in the NH and high values in the SH both in the UT and in the LT. We also observed an increase in the CH4 mixing ratio and decreases in δ13C and δ
Polarimetric X-band weather radar measurements in the tropics: radome and rain attenuation correction
Authors: Schneebeli M. , Sakuragi J. , Biscaro T. , Angelis C. F. , Carvalho da Costa I. , Morales C. , Baldini L. , Machado L. A. T.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. A polarimetric X-band radar has been deployed during one month (April 2011) for a field campaign in Fortaleza, Brazil, together with three additional laser disdrometers. The disdrometers are capable of measuring the raindrop size distributions (DSDs), hence making it possible to forward-model theoretical polarimetric X-band radar observables at the point where the instruments are located. This set-up allows to thoroughly test the accuracy of the X-band radar measurements as well as the algorithms that are used to correct the radar data for radome and rain attenuation. For the campaign in Fortaleza it was found that radome attenuation dominantly affects the measurements. With an algorithm that is based on the self-consistency of the polarimetric observables, the radome induced reflectivity offset was estimated. Offset corrected measurements were then further corrected for rain attenuation with two different schemes. The performance of the post-processing steps was analyzed by comparing the data with disdrometer-inferred polarimetric variables that were measured at a distance of 20 km from the radar. Radome attenuation reached values up to 14 dB which was found to be consistent with an empirical radome attenuation vs. rain intensity relation that was previously developed for the same radar type. In contrast to previous work, our results suggest that radome attenuation should be estimated individually for every view direction of the radar in order to obtain homogenous reflectivity fields.
Extended power-law scaling of heavy-tailed random air-permeability fields in fractured and sedimentary rocks
Authors: Guadagnini A. , Riva M. , Neuman S. P.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. We analyze the scaling behaviors of two field-scale log permeability data sets showing heavy-tailed frequency distributions in three and two spatial dimensions, respectively. One set consists of 1-m scale pneumatic packer test data from six vertical and inclined boreholes spanning a decameters scale block of unsaturated fractured tuffs near Superior, Arizona, the other of pneumatic minipermeameter data measured at a spacing of 15 cm along three horizontal transects on a 21 m long and 6 m high outcrop of the Upper Cretaceous Straight Cliffs Formation, including lower-shoreface bioturbated and cross-bedded sandstone near Escalante, Utah. Order q sample structure functions of each data set scale as a power ξ(q) of separation scale or lag, s, over limited ranges of s. A procedure known as extended self-similarity (ESS) extends this range to all lags and yields a nonlinear (concave) functional relationship between ξ(q) and q. Whereas the literature tends to associate extended and nonlinear power-law scaling with multifractals or fractional Laplace motions, we have shown elsewhere that (a) ESS of data having a normal frequency distribution is theoretically consistent with (Gaussian) truncated (additive, self-affine, monofractal) fractional Brownian motion (tfBm), the latter being unique in predicting a breakdown in power-law scaling at small and large lags, and (b) nonlinear power-law scaling of data having either normal or heavy-tailed frequency distributions is consistent with samples from sub-Gaussian random fields or processes subordinated to tfBm or truncated fractional Gaussian noise (tfGn), stemming from lack of ergodicity which causes sample moments to scale differently than do their ensemble counterparts. Here we (i) demonstrate that the above two data sets are consistent with sub-Gaussian random fields subordinated to tfBm or tfGn and (ii) provide maximum likelihood estimates of parameters characterizing the corresponding Lévy stable subordinators and tfBm or tfGn functions.
Statistical analysis of error propagation from radar rainfall to hydrological models
Authors: Zhu D. H. , Peng D. Z. , Cluckie I. D.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. This study attempts to characterize the manner with which inherent error in radar rainfall estimates input influence the character of the stream flow simulation uncertainty in validated hydrological modelling. An artificial statistical error model described by Gaussian distribution was developed to generate realizations of possible combinations of normalized errors and normalized bias to reflect the identified radar error and temporal dependence. These realizations were embedded in the 5 km/15 min UK Nimrod radar rainfall data and used to generate ensembles of stream flow simulations using three different hydrological models with varying degrees of complexity, which consists of a fully distributed physically-based model MIKE SHE, a semi-distributed model TOPMODEL and a lumped model PRTF. These models were built for this purpose and applied to the Upper Medway Catchment (220 km2) in South-East England. The results show that the normalized bias of the radar rainfall estimates was enhanced in the simulated stream flow and also the dominate factor that had a significant impact on stream flow simulations. This preliminary radar-error-generation model could be developed more rigorously and comprehensively for the error characteristics of weather radars for quantitative measurement of rainfall.
Glacier dynamics over the last quarter of a century at Helheim, Kangerdlugssuaq and 14 other major Greenland outlet glaciers
Authors: Bevan S. L. , Luckman A. J. , Murray T.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. The Greenland ice sheet is experiencing increasing rates of mass loss, the majority of which results from changes in discharge from tidewater glaciers. Both atmospheric and ocean drivers have been implicated in these dynamic changes, but understanding the nature of the response has been hampered by the lack of measurements of glacier flow rates predating the recent period of warming. Here, using Landsat-5 data from 1985 onwards, we extend back in time the record of surface velocities and ice-front position for 16 of Greenland's fastest-flowing tidewater glaciers, and compare these to more recent data from Landsat-7 and satellite-borne synthetic-aperture radar. Climate re-analysis data and sea surface temperatures from 1982 show that since 1995 most of Greenland and its surrounding oceans have experienced significant overall warming, and a switch to a warming trend. During the period from 1985 to 1995 when Greenland and the surrounding oceans were not warming, major tidewater outlet glaciers around Greenland, including Kangerdlugssuaq and Helheim, were dynamically stable. Since the mid-1990s, glacier discharge has consistently been both greater and more variable. Together, these observations support the hypothesis that recent dynamic change is a rapid response to climate forcing. Both air and ocean temperatures in this region are predicted to continue to warm, and will therefore likely drive further change in outlet glacier discharge.
Comparative Evaluation of Different Organic Media on Soil Chemical Composition, Growth, and Yield of Mushroom (Pleurotus tubergium L.)
Authors: Moyin-Jesu Emmanuel Ibukunoluwa , Iyoha C. S. , Akinola M. O.
Published: September 2012

The effectiveness of organic media as sources of nutrients on soil fertility, growth, and yield of mushroom (Pleurotus tubergium) was studied at Akure in the rainforest zone of Nigeria. The organic media were applied at 8 t/ha with an organo-mineral fertilizer medium as a reference material and unfertilized control treatment, replicated four times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. The result showed that the use of organic media increased significantly (P<0.05) crown width, stalk length, stalk girth, weight of fruiting bodies of mushroom and soil K, Ca, Mg, N, P, K, Ca, and O.M compared to the control treatment. Among the organic media, loamy soil had the highest values of mushroom crown width and weight of fruiting bodies relative to the others. However, the organo-mineral medium still had higher values of mushroom growth and yield than the soil organic media, but it may increase cost of production. For soil chemical composition, loamy soil treatment had the highest values of soil O.M and % N while oil palm bunch husk had the highest values of soil K, Ca, and Mg compared to other treatments. Wood ash treatment increased most the soil pH. In these experiments, loamy soil and soybean husk media applied at 8 t/ha were the most effective organic media for improving growth, yield of mushroom, and soil fertility.
Evaluation of Manual and Two-Rotary Niti Retreatment Systems in Removing Gutta-Percha Obturated with Two Root Canal Sealers
Authors: Jayasenthil Athikesavan , Sathish Emmanuel Solomon , Prakash Prashanth
Published: September 2012

Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two retreatment NiTi systems (protaper universal retreatment files, R-Endo), when compared to manual technique in removing Gutta-percha obturated with two sealers. Study Design. Sixty extracted single-rooted premolars were instrumented with Protaper rotary files till F3. The specimens were divided into six groups. Groups 1, 2, 3 were obturated with Gutta-percha and zinc oxide eugenol and Groups 4, 5, 6 were obturated with Gutta-percha and AH-plus. The retreatment was carried out in groups 1 and 4 with H-files and GGdrills, groups 2 and 5 with R-endo retreatment files and groups 3 and 6 with Protaper retreatment files. The roots were sectioned and evaluated under optical stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA and Newman-Keul's test at .
Results. The manual technique resulted in cleaner canal walls when compared with both rotary retreatment systems. Conclusion. NiTi rotary retreatment files can be used to remove the filling material quickly, but it should be followed by hand instruments to obtain better canal wall cleanliness.
Recurrent Syncope in Patients with Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity
Authors: Lagi Alfonso , Cerisano Sergio , Cencetti Simone
Published: September 2012

Syncope recurrence in pacemaker-implanted subjects for the cardio-inhibitory response to sinus carotid massage (SCM) was investigated. The study-hypothesis was that recurrences had significant vasodepressor responses that could justify the loss of consciousness. Forty-six patients were enrolled (16 patients and 30 controls), followed and revaluated after 5–7 years. At the end of follow-up, significant differences were found between patients and controls in mean SCM SAP (87 versus 106 mmHg) and reduction in mean SCM SAP (59 versus 38 mmHg); in the number of symptomatic subjects soon after SCM (5 versus 1); and in the number of subjects suffering from orthostatic hypotension. A subgroup of 13 patients showed significantly different hypotensive responses to SCM compared with the values observed at study recruitment. The data showed that some subjects with a defined hemodynamic pattern in response to SCM may change their characteristics and have spontaneous and/or provocative symptoms. These data explain the syncopal relapses, and suggest the presence of autonomic dysregulation in individuals with carotid sinus hypersensitivity.
Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Systemic Review
Authors: Patel Bhoomika K. , Shah Jigna S.
Published: September 2012

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common serious gastrointestinal disorder affecting very preterm or very low birth weight infants. The risk is inversely proportional to gestational age and weight at birth. Fetal growth restriction and compromise may be additional specific risk factors. Despite extensive research and animal studies etiopathogenesis, preventive strategies and management options remain controversial. The present paper reviews the literature for recent advances and newer insights for changing epidemiological trends, pathogenesis, role of inflammatory cytokines, and various preventive and management strategies.
Patrón de dieta de la población púnic de Can Marines (Ibiza) a través del análisis de isótopos estables (C y N) en colágeno óseo
Authors: Salazar García Domingo Carlos
Published: September 2012

Se presenta aquí los resultados de análisis de isótopos estables del carbono y del nitrógeno en colágeno óseo de humanos del yacimiento Púnico de Can Marines (ss. V-IV aC) de la isla de Ibiza (España).  Hasta la fecha, hay pocos estudios isotópicos para este periodo en el Mediterráneo.  Este artículo presenta nuevos datos isotópicos de un yacimiento púnico rural del Mediterráneo Occidental.  Los resultados muestran una dieta basada en recursos terrestres sin evidencia isotópica del consumo proteico de recursos acuáticos, y sugieren la presencia de recursos C4 en ella.
Estudio antropológico de las cremaciones de La Serreta, Alcoy (Alicante)
Authors: Gómez Bellard Francisco
Published: September 2012

Presentamos en este trabajo los resultados del análisis antropológico de las tumbas de cremación de la Necrópolis de La Serreta, Alcoy, Alicante. El conjunto está formado por 79 depósitos que mostraron la presencia de un total de 93 individuos. Se analizan cada uno de estos depósitos con las técnicas de la antropología forense para llegar después a conclusiones sobre la estructura poblacional, el ritual funerario y las patologías que afectaron a esta población ibérica.
Espiera. Compartint coneixements arqueològics
Authors: Compartint Coneixements Arqueològics Espiera.
Published: September 2012

Presentació de l'Associació Espiera. Compartint Coneixements Arqueològics
Segunda campaña de excavación en el asentamiento ibérico final de la Casa de la Cabeza (Requena, València)
Authors: Quixal Santos David , Mata Parreño Consuelo , Albelda Borrás Vanessa , Pérez Reyes Adrián
Published: September 2012

Second report about the excavations in Casa de la Cabeza, an iberian rural settlement (IInd century BC).
El Castellet (Turís, Valencia). Intervención arqueológica dentro del Proyecto de Consolidación y Puesta en Valor del castillo
Authors: Jiménez Salvador José Luis , Díes Cusí Enrique , Cruselles Gómez José María
Published: September 2012

Resultados de la intervención arqueológica.
Nova inscripció romana trobada a la ciutat de Valentia
Authors: Arasa Gil Ferran , Ferrandis Montesinos José
Published: September 2012

Presentació d'una inscripció romana.
Arqueologia de la Memòria: els refugis antiaeris a la ciutat de València
Authors: Moreno Martín Andrea , Muñoz Ballester Àngela
Published: September 2012

The Spanish Civil War has left many testimonies: written sources, materials remains and, for the moment, while the witnesses still live, even oral reports. However, the value given to these sources varies depending on factors that often have little to do with scientific precision and much to do with political considerations. In line with the current debate about historic memory and the role of archaeology and heritage management in its construction, we deem it necessary that archaeologists, as well as historians, ask to take part. The aim of this paper is to analyze air-raid shelters that still exist in the city of Valencia to reclaim their heritage value and their importance in preserving memory. These buildings were the key to the passive defense of the city and, therefore, are indispensable to understanding the reality of the bombing against the civilian population and the intensity of the war in the rear.
La producción lítica en el Abrigo de la Roureda (Vilafranca, Els Ports, Castellón)
Authors: Roman Monroig Didac
Published: September 2012

En este trabajo se estudia la producción lítica del abrigo epimagdaleniense de La Roureda (Vilafranca, Castellón). Los datos obtenidos en la excavación realizada en el año 2007 nos permiten una aproximación a las características de los soportes buscados en los diversos esquemas de talla ejecutados en el yacimiento. El estudio de estos datos, junto con los publicados para otros conjuntos, nos permiten concluir que el objetivo principal es la obtención de soportes microlaminares. Asimismo, aunque con pequeños matices, observamos una evidente continuidad entre los esquemas de talla del Magdaleniense superior y los del Epimagdaleniense.
Nuevos datos sobre la presencia de lepus en el pleistoceno medio y superior del Mediterráneo Ibérico: La Cova del Bolomor (Valencia)
Authors: Sanchis Serra Alfred , Fernández Peris Josep
Published: September 2012

Se presentan datos novedosos sobre la presencia de la liebre en el área valenciana durante el Pleistoceno medio y superior. Una interesante, aunque reducida, muestra ósea procedente de la Cova del Bolomor ha sido asignada a este género de lagomorfos. Su aparición en la fase inicial de ocupación de la cavidad (MIS 9) corresponde, por el momento, a la cita más antigua de Lepus en esta zona (ca. 350 ka). La determinación de otros huesos de liebre en los niveles superiores del yacimiento (MIS 6 y 5e), junto a otras referencias, confirma la continuidad del género hasta el Holoceno.
Terracotas púnicas representando a mujeres: nuevos códigos de lectura para su interpretación
Authors: López-Bertrán Mireia , Aranegui Gascó Carmen
Published: September 2012

Desde los años 1990 la arqueología y la antropología se han interesado por la teoría del embodiment. Este artículo analiza algunas terracotas femeninas  de los cementerios púnicos del Puig des Molins (Eivissa) y Cartago (Túnez) (siglos VI-II a.C.) a partir de la hipótesis de que representan a mujeres reales que tuvieron un papel central en los rituales funerarios, en tanto que intérpretes de música, bailarinas o plañideras. Sostiene que estas mujeres mostraban su estatus y poder a través de sus cuerpos (embodiment), profusamente engalanados con tocados y alhajas que las hacen visibles socialmente.
Motivos decorativos monetales sobre dos fragmentos de sigillata hispánica de la ciudad romana de "Los Bañales" (Uncastillo, Zaragoza)
Authors: Andreu Pintado Javier
Published: September 2012

Este estudio presenta dos nuevos fragmentos de sigillata hispánica con motivo monetal de Marco Aurelio procedentes de la ciudad romana de Los Bañales de Uncastillo (Zaragoza), en el corazón del territorio de los antiguos Vascones. Las piezas son contextualizadas, además, en el repertorio del recurso de las producciones hispánicas de Tricio –primero en época flavia y después, aparente y esporádicamente, durante el siglo II d. C.– a los motivos decorativos de raigambre numismática. Se ofrece, así mismo, una lectura interpretativa del recurso a este tipo de improntas en la producción de sigillata hispánica en los primeros años del reinado conjunto de Marco Aurelio y de Lucio Vero.
Physical, Sexual, and Intimate Partner Violence Among Transgender and Gender-Diverse Individuals
Authors: Closson Kalysha , Boyce Sabrina C. , Johns Nicole , Inwards-Breland David J. , Thomas Edwin Elizabeth , Raj Anita
Published: June 2024

Importance

Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) communities experience disproportionate levels of violence, yet due to limitations in measuring TGD identity, few state-representative estimates are available.

Objective

To assess gender identity differences in experiences of violence among adults.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Cross-sectional data from the 2023 California Violence Experiences (CalVEX) survey, weighted to provide state-representative estimates, was used to assess associations between gender identity and past-year experiences of violence among adults 18 years and older. Data were analyzed from June to December 2023.

Exposure

Gender identity (cisgender women, cisgender men, transgender women, transgender men, and nonbinary individuals).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Experience of physical violence (including physical abuse and threat or use of a weapon), sexual violence (verbal sexual harassment, homophobic or transphobic slurs, cyber and physically aggressive sexual harassment, and forced sex), and intimate partner violence (IPV; emotional, physical, or sexual violence) using age-adjusted logistic regression.

Results

In total 3560 individuals (weighted cumulative response rate, 5%) completed the 2023 CalVEX survey, with 1978 cisgender women, 1431 cisgender men, 35 transgender women, 52 transgender men, and 64 nonbinary respondents (mean [SD] age, 47.1 [17.5] years; 635 [17%] were Asian, 839 [37%] were Hispanic, and 1159 [37%] were White). Past-year physical violence was reported by 22 transgender men (43%), 9 transgender women (24%), and 9 nonbinary respondents (14%). Past-year sexual violence was reported by 23 transgender men (42%), 11 transgender women (14%), and 31 nonbinary respondents (56%). Compared with cisgender women, transgender women and transgender men had greater risk of past-year physical violence (any form) (transgender women adjusted incidence rate ratio [AIRR], 6.7; 95% CI, 2.5-18.2; transgender men AIRR, 9.7; 95% CI, 5.3-17.7), as well as past-year IPV (any form) (transgender women AIRR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.3-8.0; transgender men AIRR, 6.7; 95% CI, 4.0-11.3). Relative to cisgender women, transgender men (AIRR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.7-5.1) and nonbinary respondents (AIRR, 3.3; 95% CI, 2.1-5.2) had greater risk of past-year sexual violence (any form).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this survey study of adults in California, results showed that TGD individuals, especially transgender men, are at higher risk of experiencing all forms of violence relative to cisgender women. Results highlight the need for gender-affirming violence prevention and intervention services as well as policies that protect TGD individuals from discriminatory violence.
The effect of Inc parameter on VMAT radiotherapy plans quality for rectal cancer using Monaco TPS
Authors: Zhou Peng , Luo Jia , Su Xiaona , Chen Chuan
Published: June 2024

Background

To investigate the effect of the Increment of gantry angle (Inc) parameter setting of the Monaco Treatment planning system (Monaco TPS) on the dosimetry and quality parameters of the volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) program for rectal cancer.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 50 patients with rectal cancer who underwent intensity modulated radiation therapy using the Monaco TPS system from 2020 to 2021. Under the same optimization function configuration and other parameter settings, the Inc parameters in the VMAT radiotherapy plan were set to 10°, 20°, 30°, and 40°. The dose‐volume histogram (DVH) was used to evaluate the dose distribution of the target area and the radiation dose of the organs at risk (OAR). The differences in the dosimetry of the planning target volume (PTV) and OAR, as well as the gamma pass rate (GPR) were compared.

Results

In terms of target dose, D98, Dmin, HI, and conformity index (CI) of Inc10 group was significantly lower than those of Inc20, 30, and 40 groups (P < 0.05), and D2 of Inc10 group was significantly higher than that of Inc20 group (P = 0.009). We also found CI of Inc20 and 30 were significantly better than that of Inc40 (both P < 0.05). In terms of OAR dose, the study found that the Dmean, Dmin, V50%, V45%, and V40% for the bladder of the Inc10 group were lower than those of the other groups (all P < 0.05), the Dmean for femoral head of the Inc20 group was lower than that of the Inc30 group (P < 0.05), and Inc20 showed a better protective effect on the femoral head. The MUs tend to decrease as the Inc parameter setting is increased. The monitor unit (MU) in Inc10 group were significantly higher than those in Inc20, Inc30, and Inc40 groups, and the MU of Inc20 group was significantly higher than that of Inc40 group (both P < 0.05). We found that for the 3%/3 mm and 2%/2 mm standards, the GPRs of each plan were > 90%, which met clinical requirements.

Conclusions

Different settings of Inc parameters have varying degrees of impact on target dose, OAR dose, and machine MU. It is important for doctors to choose different Inc parameters according to different clinical needs.
Dose conformity and falloff in single‐lesion intracranial SRS with DCA and VMAT methods
Authors: Kuperman Vadim Y. , Altundal Yücel , Kandel Sunil , Kouskoulas Tamara N.
Published: June 2024

Background

Intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) aims at achieving highly conformal dose distribution and, at the same time, attaining rapid dose falloff outside the treatment target. SRS is performed using different techniques including dynamic conformal arcs (DCA) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT).

Purpose

In this study, we compare dose conformity and falloff in DCA and VMAT plans for SRS with a single target.

Methods

To compare dose conformity in SRS plans, we employ a novel conformity index , RTOG conformity index (), and Riet‐Paddick conformity index (). In addition, we use indices , , and to evaluate dose falloff. For each of the considered 118 cases of SRS, two plans were created using DCA and VMAT. A two‐tailed Student's t‐test was used to evaluate the difference between the employed indices for the DCA and VMAT plans.

Results

The studied VMAT plans were characterized by higher dose conformity than the DCA plans. The differences between the conformity indices for the DCA plans and VMAT plans were statistically significant. The DCA plans had a smaller number of monitor units (MUs) and smaller indices R50%, V10Gy, and V12Gy than the VMAT plans. However, the differences between R50%, V10Gy, and V12Gy for the DCA and VMAT plans were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Although the studied VMAT plans had higher dose conformity, they also had larger MUs than the DCA plans. In terms of dose falloff characterized by parameters R50%, V10Gy, and V12Gy, DCA serves as a reasonable alternative to VMAT in the case of a single brain metastasis.
Utility value is key. Exploring factors that contribute to student motivation for effective cognitive learning strategies in higher education
Authors: Broeren Marloes , Verkoeijen Peter , Arends Lidia , Smeets Guus
Published: June 2024

Effective cognitive learning strategies are beneficial for learning and long‐term retention. However, higher education students often rely on surface‐level strategies like reading and underlining. Interventions to support effective cognitive strategy use have addressed knowledge, beliefs, planning, and commitment. This latter aspect and its relation with motivation has remained underexposed. Therefore, this study aimed to answer the following research question: What factors contribute to student motivation for effective cognitive strategy use during self‐study in higher education? First‐year vocational university students participated in focus group discussions (N = 100), and completed a strategy questionnaire (N = 217). Results showed that students used combinations of effective cognitive and surface‐level strategies based on successful past experiences. Perceived utility value of strategies for students' performance‐oriented goals contributed considerably to motivation, and students reduced perceived costs by combining self‐study with non‐academic activities. Incorporating these aspects in strategy support could be next steps for future interventions.
How Does Osteoarthritis Education Influence Knowledge, Beliefs, and Behavior in People With Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis? A Systematic Review
Authors: Simick Behera Naomi , Duong Vicky , Eyles Jillian , Cui Haoze , Gould Daniel , Barton Christian , Belton Joletta , Hunter David , Bunzli Samantha
Published: June 2024

Objective

Our goal was to inform the design and implementation of osteoarthritis (OA) education for people with knee and hip OA. This review investigated the impact of OA education on knowledge, beliefs, and behavior and how and why these changes occur.

Methods

Five databases—MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro)—were searched in August 2023. Eligible studies were quantitative, qualitative, and mixed‐methods, involving OA education interventions and assessing knowledge, beliefs, and/or behavioral outcomes. An interpretivist analytic process guided data evaluation, synthesis, and description of meta‐themes.

Results

Ninety‐eight studies were included (80 quantitative, 12 qualitative, 6 mixed‐methods). OA education was heterogeneous in content and delivery. Outcome measures varied, with poor distinction among knowledge, beliefs, and behavior constructs. Trends toward short‐term knowledge improvement were observed, but there were no clear trends in beliefs or behavior change. Intrinsic factors (eg, pre‐existing beliefs) and extrinsic factors (eg, socioeconomic factors) appeared to influence change. Three meta‐themes described how and why changes may occur: (i) engagement: how individuals relate with education content and delivery; (ii) embodiment: the role of experiential factors in learning, and (iii) empowerment: the level of agency education generates.

Conclusion

Beyond the provision of information and instruction, OA education is a complex, relational process influenced by multidimensional factors. This review identifies potentially important strategies at individual, interpersonal, and community levels to support the design and delivery of engaging education that promotes holistic, embodied learning and facilitates meaningful, empowering change.

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Output tracking for a flexible string system with unknown harmonic disturbances using adaptive internal model
Authors: Peng Ning , Liu Jun‐Jun , Peng Xiao
Published: June 2024

A non‐collocated output tracking problem for a flexible string with tip payload at one end was studied in this paper, which is expected to describe by a wave equation coupled ordinary differential equation (ODE) system. The regulated output and the reference trajectory signal with unknown frequency and amplitude are non‐collocated with the boundary control input. An adaptive approach has been developed to determine the unknown frequency of a disturbance by constituting an auxiliary trajectory and an internal model structure. In order to regulate exponential output tracking, the proposed error‐based adaptive dynamic compensation controller is employed. Closed‐loop stability and well‐posedness is established by exploiting the principle of semigroup theory. Finally, simulation experiments are performed to show the proposed scheme is very effective.
Investigation of Two‐Dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper BZA2PbX4 (X = I, Br, and Cl) and Mixed‐Halides BZA2PbBrxCl4−x Perovskites: Opto‐Electromechanical, Thermodynamic Properties, Moisture, and Strain Effects
Authors: Saadatmand Seyedeh Bita , Shokouhi Samad , Ahmadi Vahid
Published: June 2024

Herein, the properties of BZA2PbX4 (X = I, Br, and Cl) and mixed halides BZA2PbBrxCl4‐x (x = 1, 2, and 3) perovskites are comprehensively investigated, utilizing density functional theory (DFT). As there has been no prior comprehensive study on the substantial characteristics of mixed halides and the distinctive features of BZA2PbI4, BZA2PbBr4, and BZA2PbCl4 using DFT, a significant gap in the existing literature is addressed. The optical and electronic properties, band structures, band edge orbitals, and effective masses with and without spin‐orbit coupling effects are analyzed. The investigation also examines the impact of strain (tensile and compressive) on the properties of these materials. It is revealed that among the investigated compounds, BZA2PbCl4 emerges as the most thermodynamic and moisture stable. This trend is corroborated by the energy fluctuation, with BZA2PbCl4 demonstrating a narrower range, indicative of superior thermal stability. Furthermore, Voigt–Ruess–Hill approximations indicate that the mechanical moduli increase as the halide changes from I to Cl. Moreover, BZA2PbI4 exhibits the highest level of disorder, whereas BZA2PbCl4 has the lowest entropy value at the same temperature. The results highlight that these materials emerge as promising candidates for applications in the active layer of perovskite light‐emitting diodes and optoelectronic devices.