bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NOTAS DE COMPORTAMIENTO DEFENSIVO DE DOS SALAMANDRAS DE LA REGIÓN DE TALAMANCA, COSTA RICA
Authors: Camacho-Durán Maria José , G´omez-Hoyos Diego A.
Published: October 2021

Las salamandras tienen estrategias comportamentales de defensa o antidepredatorias. Aquí, reportamos comportamientos defensivos en las salamandras Bolitoglossa gomezi y Oedipina savagei en la Zona Protectora Las Tablas, Costa Rica. El comportamiento de B. gomezi consistió en lanzarse a la hojarasca y quedarse inmóvil; el individuo de O. savagei levantó su cola cerca de 90º con relación a su cuerpo. La primera estrategia se ha relacionado con dificultad de los depredadores para relocalizar la presa, la segunda con atraer a los depredadores a la cola, una parte del cuerpo menos comprometedora. Los comportamientos defensivos en las salamandras son frecuentes, pero los reportes de observaciones en campo son escasos en la literatura. Animamos a los herpetólogos a llenar estos vacíos de conocimiento.
AN ADULT MALE Basiliscus plumifrons COPE, 1875 WITHOUT AN ARM SURVIVES IN THE TROPICAL RAIN FOREST OF COSTA RICA.
Authors: Mora José Manuel
Published: October 2021

El basilisco verde (Basiliscus plumifrons) es una lagartija centroamericana de moderado tamaño que habita desde Honduras hasta Panamá. La especie es sobre todo arborícola, aunque también se le observa perchando en troncos, rocas y arbustos. Esta lagartija se alimenta de invertebrados y vertebrados, y también consume flores y frutas. El 23 de junio de 2019 a las 0932 h, en el Parque Nacional Cahuita en el Caribe de Costa Rica, observamos un basilisco verde que no tenía su extremidad delantera izquierda. El basilisco solo tenía un pequeño muñón bien cicatrizado. En esta nota reportamos este caso y discutimos algunas implicaciones relacionadas a la pérdida y regeneración de apéndices en anfibios y reptiles.
Lampropeltis mexicana (COLUBRIDAE)
Authors: Fernández Badillo Leonardo
Published: October 2021

Se presenta el nuevo registro de Lampropeltis mexicana para el municipio de Tetepango, Hidalgo, México.
RANGE EXTENSION OF Sibon ayerbeorum VERA-PÉREZ, 2019 (SERPENTES: DIPSADIDAE) IN COLOMBIA
Authors: Echevarría Rentería Jonard David , Medina-Rangel Guido
Published: October 2021

Ayerbe’s snail-eater Sibon ayerbeorum is a nocturnal, tree-dwelling snake which was recently described based on four specimens collected in the proximity of Munchique National Natural Park, department of Cauca, Colombia, above 1000 m altitude. We here expand the distribution range of S. ayerbeorum into the department of Chocó, Colombia. The new record extends the distributional range of the Ayerbe’s snail-eater by nearly 288 km in a straight-line north-western ward from its type locality and is more than 1000 m below it.
OBSERVACIONES SOBRE EL CUIDADO PARENTAL DE Rheobates palmatus (ANURA: AROMOBATIDAE) EN VILLAVICENCIO COLOMBIA
Authors: Bobadilla Molina Juan Sebastian , Acosta Ortiz Juan Manuel , Montoya Cruz Alexandra
Published: October 2021

El cuidado parental es un comportamiento que implica el cuidado de la progenie para aumentar su probabilidad de supervivencia. Se registra un individuo de Rheobates palmatus realizando cuidado parental, así como el comportamiento defensivo ante la presencia de una posible amenaza. Además, se amplía el intervalo de larvas que los machos pueden transportar en el dorso.
NUEVOS REGISTROS DE LA LAGARTIJA INTRODUCIDA Anolis sagrei (SQUAMATA: DACTYLOIDAE) EN EL ESTADO DE VERACRUZ, MÉXICO
Authors: Vásquez-Cruz Víctor , Reynoso-Martínez Arleth , González-Galindo Landet , Cid-Mora Oscar
Published: October 2021

Resumen. — Anolis sagrei es una especie nativa de Bahamas, el archipiélago de Cuba y Pequeño Caimán que se ha introducido en diferentes partes del mundo. Esta especie ha sido registrada en varios lugares de México, incluido el estado de Veracruz. Aquí, reportamos tres nuevas localidades para esta especie que complementan el conocimiento de su distribución en el estado de Veracruz.
Mecanismos de ingreso de las universidades públicas estatales en México: un análisis bajo el concepto de equidad
Authors: Jiménez-Moreno José-Alfonso
Published: October 2021

El artículo aborda el tema de los mecanismos de ingreso a la educación superior; se centra en un análisis de la manera en que las 35 universidades públicas estatales regulan el ingreso de aspirantes. Para ello, se analiza el problema de los mecanismos de ingreso a las universidades bajo el concepto de equidad, retomando los conceptos libertarios de Rawls y el igualitarismo de Dworking. Se concluye que, en lo general, el uso de mecanismos meritocráticos no abona a la equidad, sino que se orienta únicamente hacia el cumplimiento de la justicia formal; además, se resalta la necesidad de que las universidades públicas estatales establezcan mecanismos orientados a reducir la desigualdad.
Experiencia universitaria y la evasión de estudiantes de posgrado de la Universidade de São Paulo
Authors: Chaves-Teixeira-Adachi Ana-Amélia
Published: October 2021

Este trabajo analiza la experiencia universitaria que favoreció la evasión, y los caminos recorridos por jóvenes en los cursos de posgrado de la Universidade de São Paulo (USP), ofrecidos en la ciudad de São Paulo, durante el periodo 2002-2016. Se trata de una investigación longitudinal con análisis cuantitativas de la evasión y entrevistas realizadas en profundidad con una amuestra de veinte y dos desertores y egresados de la USP. A partir de las entrevistas, delineamos cuatro perfiles de trayectorias, segundo el tempo de permanencia y la situación de conclusión del curso. Concluimos, ante los trayectos y experiencias señaladas, que la evasión es afectada por diferencias de vínculos establecidos con la universidad, así como por las condiciones y estilos de vida juvenil. Las determinaciones de clase no explicitan las incidencias de evasión en la USP.
Estrategias de permanencia e instrumentos de reproducción universitarios en Córdoba, Argentina, 2017
Authors: Antolin-Solache Ana-María , Giovine Manuel-Alejandro
Published: October 2021

El aumento sostenido en la matrícula universitaria de Córdoba, Argentina, incluye una creciente proporción de estudiantes que transitan por la difícil situación de dilación en sus estudios, frente a la cual establecen estrategias de permanencia en el nivel, que hemos sistematizado como estrategias de persistencia y estrategias de sustitución. Asumiendo una perspectiva bourdieusiana, reconstruimos el espacio de las titulaciones universitarias de Córdoba a partir de la clasificación de los títulos de pregrado y grado (CINE 5 y 6), por medio de una técnica multidimensional de análisis de datos y una metodología de clasificación jerárquica ascendente. La tipología de titulaciones obtenida permite reconstruir el estado de la oferta universitaria que, en tanto instrumento de reproducción disponible, constituye el espacio de posibilidades y limitaciones para las estrategias de permanencia, especialmente las de sustitución, dentro del nivel universitario.
Action Plan for Urban Waste Water Recycling in Lucknow
Authors: Singh Baljeet
Published: October 2021

Abstract: Urban waste water generation per day in Lucknow city is 84 MLD and the treatment capacity of this urban waste water is 446 MLD and 445 MLD urban waste water flows in Gomti River and 339 MLD urban waste water partially treated. Some waste water is recycled by Water treatment plant which are treating 560 MLD urban waste water and remaining are polluted to ground and as well as gomti river.to achieve 100% recycling and treatment we need a action plan for it. The formation of Lucknow municipal board took place in 1882, while as the water supply demand is fulfilled by tube wells, river Gomti, Sharda Sahayak feeder canal, aquifers, and so on, the maximum source of intake is Gomti which is geographically distinguished as Cis and Trans Gomti. The Cis Gomti side is comparatively lower than the area on Trans Gomti side. Since the city is located on alluvial aquifers of Indo-Gangetic plain, where due to easy accessibility, private tube well construction activity is going on unchecked, especially in residential colonies and multi-storeyed buildings, and this is the reason why the private tube wells/borings have almost mushroomed in this capital city. This has led to heavy pumpage/continuous abstraction of groundwater resources, widespread depletion of aquifers and as a result, going down of groundwater levels drastically to almost unsustainable levels, from where it seems very difficult that the depleted conditions of ground water could ever improve (6). The water supply network depends on sources like tube wells, river Gomti and the Sharda Sahayak feeder canal. The distribution of water supply has a very vast network and it is reported to be 2884 km. The rate of water supply is assumed to be 150 LPCD and water demand is calculated accordingly, The availability of water, as reported by Jawaharlal Nehru national urban and rural mission (JNNURM) on November 2016, was 619 MLD from various sources, however, it keeps fluctuating as the city is more vulnerable to migration from other parts of state. Keywords: urban waste water, waste water recycling, reuse of waste water, sewage treatment plant
A Methodological Study on Malware Analysis
Authors: Panwala Harshitkumar R.
Published: October 2021

Abstract: Malware is an executable binary that is designed to be malicious. Malware can be used by attackers to carry out a range of malicious operations, such as spying on the victim using keyloggers or remote access tools (RATs) or deleting or encrypting data for "Ransom" payments. Malware is software that is designed to carry out malicious operations, and it comes in a variety of forms. Malware's impact, according to studies, is escalating. There are several tools available for malware analysis. The present study is the analysis of the malware known as “Malware Analysis”. Malware analysis is the study or process of extracting as much information as possible from a malware sample in order to determine its operation, origin, and potential impact. The information obtained aids in determining the functioning and scope of malware, as well as how the system got infected and how to guard against future attacks.
Stability Analysis of High-Rise Buildings by Altering the Beam Members: A Review
Authors: Nagar Ankur
Published: October 2021

Abstract: For buildings larger than 15 to 20 floors, a system with a clean rigid frame is not adequate because it does not provide the required lateral rigidity and causes excessive deflection of the building. These requirements are met in two ways. By introducing the effective section such as beam, column etc in to the structure. This increases the stability and rigidity of the structure, and also limits the requirement for deformation. Now days the composite beam is also used for tall buildings. The Paper present the short summery report of use of various beam elements in building to get the effective out comes to sustained under the lateral forces response. The literature review focus on the impact on the building analysis by altering the Beam Members. Reinforced Concrete Beams, Steel Beams, and Composite Beams. The articles reviewed the concept on introducing the alternating beam in the structure are effective and achieve the higher resisting capacity against the lateral loads. Keywords: Reinforced Concrete Beams, composite beam, Steel Beams, tall buildings, deformation, stability
Solving Just-in-Time Single Machine Scheduling with Variable Discrete Speed Machine using Hybrid NSGA-II
Authors: Kurniawan Bobby , Irman Ade , Febianti Evi , Kulsum K , Herlina Lely , Ilhami Muhammad Adha , Muharni Yusraini , Tadesse Fellek Getu
Published: October 2021

Due to industrialization and population growth, increasing energy demand can lead to energy scarcity because non-renewable resources are primarily used as energy sources. In addition, carbon dioxide gas, the waste of industrialization, can harm the environment. Therefore, environmentally friendly methods are encouraged in the industrial environment as energy preservation and climate change mitigation. This research discusses just-in-time single machine scheduling that takes into account energy consumption. In this research, energy consumption depends on the machine’s speed. The objectives are minimizing the just-in-time (JIT) penalty (the sum of weighted earliness/tardiness) and energy consumption. This research proposed a hybrid NSGA-II with a local search to solve the multi-objective scheduling problem. Thus, solving the JIT single-machine scheduling problem considers energy consumption to conserve energy and increase production efficiency. Numerical experiments demonstrated that the hybrid NSGA-II with local search is more effective than the standard NSGA-II in solving the problem. Therefore, decision-makers can use the scheduling model to select alternative solutions that consider energy and the environment without sacrificing efficiency.
A EFETIVIDADE DAS DECISÕES DA CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS NO ÂMBITO INTERNO
Authors: Corrêa Daniel Marinho , Amaral Ana Cláudia Corrêa Zuin Mattos do , Vianna José Ricardo Alvarez
Published: October 2021

Examina-se, especialmente, o comportamento da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, onde são destacadas colaborações da justiça internacional na salvaguarda dos direitos humanos e assinala-se as limitações do sistema referente aos limites nas efetivações das sentenças internacionais. Esses obstáculos acabam por retirar a aptidão de implantar transformações internas decorrentes das decisões internacionais. Investiga-se quais os ônus encarados no momento de implementar esses decisum, de onde se realça a coisa julgada e a carência de mecanismos internos de execução dessas sentenças, de modo que, embora a Corte Interamericana desempenhe função notável ao acesso à justiça, subsistem os desafios para a maior efetividade de suas decisões. Utilizou-se o método dedutivo para o exame da doutrina, por intermédio de pesquisa bibliográfica centrada em elegidos livros e periódicos que compreendam, sobretudo, à seara do Direito internacional, especialmente sobre as decisões das Cortes internacionais e direitos humanos.
NORMA TOTALIZADORA E INCREMENTO PUNITIVO: APROXIMAÇÕES EM TORNO DAS MUTAÇÕES NORMATIVAS NO CONTEXTO LATINO-AMERICANO
Authors: Almeida Bruno Rotta , Soares Taísa Gabriela
Published: October 2021

O artigo, por meio de método dedutivo, revisão bibliográfica e consulta a dados e informações, estuda o incremento punitivo através da norma e suas mutações no contexto da política criminal contemporânea em diferentes países da América Latina. Busca compreender a contribuição da norma e suas mutações para o incremento punitivo no âmbito da política criminal em distintos países latino-americanos. O primeiro capítulo apresenta o condicionamento histórico e a consolidação da norma na estrutura política do Estado. O segundo capítulo expõe algumas retóricas globais da expansão penal com relação ao rompimento indiscriminado e incompreensível dos limites de intervenção punitiva, a fim de indicar a posição singular do sistema penal no provimento de respostas funcionais. Por fim, o terceiro capítulo aborda o impacto da expansão punitiva através da norma e suas mutações, com o intuito de apontar o incremento punitivo operado pelas constantes modificações normativas em distintos contextos nacionais da América Latina.
FUNCIONALISMO E VÍTIMA: DE FIGURANTE À PROTAGONISTA
Authors: Minahim Maria Auxiliadora
Published: October 2021

O caminho percorrido pela vítima no sistema penal tem variado do absoluto protagonismo, à irrelevância de sua figura. A Criminologia desempenhou um papel importante no processo de reintrodução do titular do bem jurídico no direito, pleiteando compaixão e respeitopor sua dignidade. O  direito penal  vem reinserindo a vítima no papel de protagonista através de teorias funcionalistas, situando-a, em algumas hipóteses, como corresponsável pelo evento lesivo.
Guidelines and Workflow for Articles Submitted to CiSE Departments
Authors: West John , Barba Lorena A.
Published: October 2021

Purpose: This document provides guidelines for authors of CiSE
department articles, and outlines the workflow that department editors
follow for submitting articles for publication. Scope: The
information in this document applies to department articles that are
reviewed by department editors. It does not apply to regular articles
that are submitted to the journal to be put through the standard peer
review; these use ScholarOne for submission management as described in
the CiSE
Author Information page.
Fetal heart rate tracing interpretation in cases of fetal heart block: A case series
Authors: Tongprasert Fuanglada , Srisupundit Kasemsri , Leuwan Suchaya , Traisrisilp Kuntharee , Jatavan Phudit , Tongsong Theera
Published: October 2021

Simple assessment of FHR baseline variability can differentiate second
degree heart block (SHB) from complete heart block (CHB). In cases of
SHB, antepartum NST can be reliably used for fetal surveillance.
Intrapartum assessment of FHR variability as well as accelerations is
useful to select cases for safe vaginal delivery
Navigating interdisciplinarity: negotiating discipline, embodiment, and materiality on a field methods training course
Authors: Rotter Rebecca , Jeffery Laura , Heslop Luke
Published: October 2021

This article elucidates some of the opportunities and challenges of interdisciplinary collaboration in teaching, drawing on our participant observation as both instructors of anthropological methods and honorary students of marine ecology and geomorphology methods on a research training field course. We argue that interdisciplinary methods training offers educators opportunities for self-reflexivity, recognition of the taken-for-granted aspects of our knowledge, and improved communication of the value of our work to others. However, we also show how decisions about course structure can reinforce disciplinary boundaries, limiting inter-epistemic knowledge production; how one epistemological approach may overshadow others, hindering interdisciplinary learning; and how methods training involves tacit and embodied knowledge and mastery of material methods, requiring repetition and experimentation. We offer insights into how we as educators can improve our communication of the value of anthropology and its methods. First, instructors in any discipline should develop an awareness of how their tacit knowledge affects the pedagogical process. Second, instead of enskilling instructors to teach a variety of methods, it may be more beneficial for instructors to teach their own areas of expertise, in dialogue and collaboration with other disciplines. Third, interdisciplinary courses must be carefully planned to allow equal participation of different disciplines, so that anthropology is understood on its own terms and embedded in the course from the outset.
Normal Patch Retinex robust algorithm for white balancing in digital microscopy
Authors: Antoniuk Izabella , Krupa Artur , Roszczyk Radosław
Published: October 2021

The acquisition of accurately coloured, balanced images in an optical microscope can be a challenge even for experienced microscope operators. This article presents an entirely automatic mechanism for balancing the white level that allows the correction of the microscopic colour images adequately. The results of the algorithm have been confirmed experimentally on a set of two hundred microscopic images. The images contained scans of three microscopic specimens commonly used in pathomorphology. Also, the results achieved were compared with other commonly used white balance algorithms in digital photography. The algorithm applied in this work is more effective than the classical algorithms used in colour photography for microscopic images stained with hematoxylin-phloxine-saffron and for immunohistochemical staining images.
Thermal measurement and degradation quantification of teeming ladle refractories and the effects on the process
Authors:   , Cotton Liam
Published: October 2021

The key objective of the thesis was to quantify the heat loss caused to the liquid steel due to the cooling effect of the teeming ladle refractories. It was previously hypothesised that the in-situ degradation of insulation layer would increase this cooling effect. To determine the cooling effect of the degraded insulation material it was first thermally characterised with in-situ thermocouple measurements. Post-mortem samples were recovered from the teeming ladles used for the thermocouple measurements during their regular production cycles in a BOS plant. The post-mortem samples were then tested for their thermophysical properties. From this it was possible to determine the density increased from 260kg/m3 to 759.6 kg/m3, the thermal conductivity increased from 0.039W/m.K to 0.15W/m.K and the specific heat capacity decreased by 40% compared to its original state. These findings were then used to calculate the increased heat loss rate of the refractory material in the teeming ladle, which then in turn causes increased heat loss to the steel transported by the ladle. A thermal model was used to determine the heat flux stored in a fully saturated ladle and then different time periods of cooling with and without a lid. The effect of teeming ladle lids reduced the heat losses by up to 11°C per cycle compared to a ladle without a lid. Whereas the heat loss due to the insulative layer degradation was calculated to be <1°C for the initial heats before the ladle reached production temperatures and, therefore, had minimal effect. However, the degradation did show an increase in teeming ladle shell temperatures, which needs to be taken into account for service temperature monitoring. The thermal profiles of the modelled scenarios showed that if an accurate hot face measurement could be achieved it would be possible to accurately predict the cooling effect of each teeming ladle in production. This study was able to accurately measure the refractories and slag taken from a teeming and utilise the geometry of the ladle to reduce the error from thermal imaging. Previously predictions were used that could cause errors up to ±175°C when taking thermal images of the teeming ladle hot face. Through the method adopted in this study it was possible to take accurate measurements of the hot face within ±5°C. This can now be utilised by a thermal model to make accurate real time predictions of the heat loss caused by teeming ladle refractories. Thereby reducing the reheating required and improving the quality of steel produced.
Partisipasi Mahasiswa dalam Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler di Jurusan Ilmu Sosial Politik
Authors: Yuzanda Muhammad Arif , Indrawadi Junaidi
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kurangnya kesadaran mahasiswa untuk berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan ekstrakurikuler di jurusan Ilmu Sosial Politik. Setiap diadakan kegiatan, selalu ada mahasiswa yang tidak ikut serta dan tidak peduli dengan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler yang diadakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab mahasiswa ISP yang kurang berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan ekstrakurikuler jurusan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang didukung dengan pendekatan kuantitatif atau disebut juga dengan metode kombinasi (mixed methods). Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara dan juga angket. Populasi dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 509 orang mahasiswa Jurusan ISP Prodi PPKn. Informan ditentukan secara purposive sampling, sedangkan teknik penarikan sampel menggunakan teknik proportionate stratified random sampling dengan jumlah responden 84 orang mahasiswa ISP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kurangnya partisipasi mahasiswa ISP dalam kegiatan ekstrakurikuler jurusan disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor yang berbeda-beda antar mahasiswa. Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kurangnya partisipasi mahasiswa ISP dalam kegiatan ekstrakurikuler jurusan yaitu, faktor kesehatan, faktor ekonomi, faktor tugas kuliah, faktor kendala izin orang tua, faktor malas, dan faktor ajakan teman untuk tidak mengikuti kegiatan.
MONITORING OF ECOSYSTEMS IN THE CENTRAL CHERNOZEM BIOSPHERE RESERVE: SCIENTIFIC AND PREDICTIVE VALUE
Authors:   Central Chernozem State Nature Biosphere Reserve, VLASOV A.A. , RYZHKOV O.V. , PUZACHENKO A.YU. ,   Institute of Geography RAS
Published: October 2021

The Central Chernozem State Nature Biosphere Reserve (CCR) is situated in the Kursk region. It is practically the only reference area of the forest-steppe biome in the European part of Russia. The prior attention to scientific research in CCR has been given since its establishment in 1935. In 1978 CCR was included in the world network of UNESCO biosphere reserves that contributed to the intensification of scientific cooperation with Russian and foreign scientific organizations. The CCR has established long-term monitoring of various natural objects and ecosystem processes. In this paper, we show the main types of dynamics of natural processes using three examples illustrating the results of long-term monitoring: climate change over 73 years, dynamics of the English oak mortality over 30 years, and population dynamics of the greater mole-rat over 29 years. Based on the results of this analysis, the unsolved problems of interpreting environmental monitoring data and their use for forecasting in decision-making processes are formulated. The inclusion of monitoring data from nature reserves into scientific parlance remains an urgent and actual practical task for the staff of the state reserves and all interested specialists of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
MOUNTAIN REGIONS OF RUSSIA: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. THE KEY ROLE OF THE UNESCO MAB-6 MOUNTAIN PROJECT
Authors:   Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, BADENKOV YU.P.
Published: October 2021

Project No. 6 "Human Impact on Mountain Ecosystems" of the UNESCO "Man and the Biosphere" Program had its own peculiarities of implementation, both in the international and in the Russian context. It went far beyond environmental problems and was initially focused on the sustainable mountain development issues, assessing the impact of global changes on the mountain environment, economy, and population. Fragile mountain areas occupy a special position in the global Agenda 21 and national strategies for regional development. The specificity of the Soviet and Russian experience in the development and evolution of the MAB-6 project and the role of mountain biosphere reserves in Russia in the preservation of biological and cultural heritage are considered. The adoption in 2020 by the CIS Interparliamentary Assembly of the Model Law "On the Development and Protection of Mountainous Territories of the CIS" opens up new prospects for the development of mountain regions and testifies to the relevance of scientific approaches laid in the foundation of the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Program and the MAB-6 mountain project, in particular.
Unified Functional Method for Solving General Polynomial Equations of Degree Less Than Five
Authors: Nwosu Dozie Felix , Okoli Odilichukwu Christian , Ezeonyebuchi Amaka Monica , Tiruneh Ababu Teklemariam
Published: October 2021

A unified method for solving that incorporate a computational formula that relate the coefficients of the depressed equation and the coefficients of the standard polynomial equation is proposed in this study. This is to ensure that this method is valid for all   It shall apply the undetermined parameter method of auxiliary function to obtain solutions to these polynomial equations of degree less than five in one variable.  In particular, the result of our work is a unification and improvement on the work of several authors in the sense that only applicable for the case of polynomial equation of degree one. Finally, our results improve and generalize the result by applying standard formula methods for solving higher degree polynomials. It is recommended that the effort should be made toward providing other variant methods that are simpler and friendly.
SHARIAH COMPLIANCE PADA INVESTASI SUKUK DALAM SECURITIES CROWDFUNDING DI INDONESIA
Authors: Muhammad Rusydi Kadir
Published: October 2021

Teknologi di Indonesia semakin tidak terbendung menerangkan peradaban semakin maju, tidak terkecuali bidang ekonomi mengalami perkembangan yang sangat cepat dalam bentuk sistemnya, terlihat dengan adanya system baru yang disebut dengan securities crowdfunding. Maka dari itu pemerintah telah mengeluarkan aturan yang mendasari setiap kegiatan tersebut melalui POJK nomor 57 tahun 2020. Securities crowdfunding memiliki 3 jenis produk yaitu efek ekuitas, efek utang, dan efek syariah (sukuk). Aturan securities crowdfunding tidak membahas secara rinci mengenai efek syariah (sukuk), sehingga keterlibatan dan kedudukan DSN-MUI tidak diketahui dalam menciptakan investasi sukuk yang bebas dari unsur riba’, maysir, dan gharar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif konseptual sekaligus mengkoherensikan anatar aturan dengan shariah compliance
I’TIBĀR AL MA'ALAT PRINCIPLES IN MUI FATWA NUMBER 14 OF 2020 CONCERNING ORGANIZATIONS OF WORSHIP IN SITUATIONS OF THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK
Authors: Haq Islamul , Syatar Abdul , Bedong M. Ali Rusdi , Haramain Muhammad
Published: October 2021

This study aims at examining the use the principle of i`tibar al ma'alat in the MUI fatwa number 14 of 2020 concerning the organization of worship in situations of the Covid-19 outbreak. MUI fatwa number 14 of 2020 forced most Muslims in Indonesia to worship out of the box. the results of the study it was found that the MUI in issuing fatwa number 14 of 2020 had considered the principle of i'tibar al ma'alat, the prohibition of worshiping in congregation in areas with high distribution potential was determined in order to anticipate the spread of the Covid-19 outbreak. However, the MUI does not generalize all regions, this is also done based on the principle of i'tibar al ma'alat to avoid the practice of tafrith to religious orders in the midst of society
RATIONAL IDEAS HARUN NASUTION PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC LAW
Authors: Syarif Muh. Rasywan
Published: October 2021

Gagasan pembaharuan hukum Islam lebih dipandang sebagai tantangan sekaligus ancaman yang perlu diwaspadai. Keadaan yang demikian ini hampir menjadi model pemikiran sebagian besar Muslim di Indonesia, yang tentu saja pada akhirnya memimbulkan kegelisahan bagi para penggiat pemikiran Islam, untuk berusaha melakukan rekonstruksi pemikiran, terutama bagi kalangan muda Muslim dari berbagai ormas Islam. Gesekan pemikiran, baik yang muncul dikalangan umat Islam maupun yang diimpor dari Barat, tentunya membawa pada wajah gerakan pemikiran Islam menjadi sangat variatif Obsesi Harun, yaitu ingin melihat ummat Islam Indonesia maju. Kemajuan tersebut menurutnya akan tercapai jika pemikiran umat Islam juga maju, dan pikiran maju tersebut bertitik tolak pada pandangan ideologi rasionalnya yang menurutnya sangat cocok dengan perkembangan dan tantangan kemajuan ketika itu. Atas dasar itulah Harun membawa pemikiran-pemikiran yang diintrodusir di IAIN, sehingga ketika memperkenalkan Islam, Harun mencoba menggunakan pendekatan filosofis dalam buah pikirannya seperti antara lain dalam buku Islam ditinjau dari Berbagai Aspeknya, Pembaharuan dalam Islam, Sejarah Pemikiran dan Gerakan, serta Islam Rasional, Gagasan dan Pemikiran Harun Nasution. Harun Nasution adalah seorang pembaharu pendidikan tinggi Islam di Indonesia, yang kontribusinya terhadap perkembangan pemikiran Hukum Islam di Indonesia, adalah hasil dari dialog antara dia dengan lingkungan.
Source Identification and Ecological Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils and Groundwater
Authors: Ilić Predrag , Ilić Svetlana , Markić Dragana Nešković , Bjelić Ljiljana Stojanović , Farooqi Zia Ur Rahman , Sole Bhausaheb , Adimalla Narsimha
Published: October 2021

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are formed from anthropogenic activities, i.e. industrial emissions, incomplete combustion of petroleum, coal and other fossil fuels and other industrial and domestic activities. Research areas of this study are four representative locations in the industrial complex, in the city of Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The main objective of the paper is to determine the ecological risk and to assess probable sources of PAHs contamination in soil and groundwater. The results of this study reflect the effects of coal combustion (pyrogenic origin), petrogenic and biomass origin and may provide basic data for the remediation of PAHs in the location. The ecological risk in soil (at depths of 30, 100, 200, 300 and 400 cm) and groundwater is determined. The mean values of ecological risk in soil and groundwater decreased with soil depth. Values of RQ(NCs) for groundwater were found at high ecological risk, for Ant, Chr, DahA, Acy, Pyr, BaA, Phe, Flo, Nap, Ace and Fluo, with values 28.57, 20.59, 300.00, 242.86, 185.71, 1700.0, 76.67, 53.33, 15.83, 100.00 and 57.14, respectively. ∑16PAH indicated high ecological risk for most PAHs, which decreased with soil depth. The value of RQ(NCs) for ΣPAHs in groundwater indicates high ecological risk (ΣPAHs ≥ 800 and RQ(MPCs) ≥ 1). This is the first study on the ecological risk of PAHs in soil and groundwater in industrial soils in Banja Luka and provides baseline information for further studies and additional investigations of this industrial complex.
Visiting The Past: A Case Study of Experiential Learning with Young People at Historic Sites
Authors: Ferrer-Fons Mariona , Rovira-Martínez Marta
Published: October 2021

Learning about the past is becoming a complex issue due to the increasing need to ensure the approaches consider not only the facts, but also the implications for increasingly diverse future societies. This paper studies how experiential visits to memorial sites contribute to young people’s understanding of history from a wider and more inclusive perspective. The article presents a case study of two educational activities carried out at two memory sites related to the Spanish Civil War (1936–39) involving various qualitative techniques such as participant- and non-participant observation, expert interviews and focus groups with young people. The results show that an experiential approach to the past that works with emotions, empathy and dialogue with secondary students (17 years old) and older young people (15–25 years old) is a very effective means of offering a touching interpretation of the past and learning opportunity for youth, regardless of level of previous knowledge. Other findings show that the content needs to be reconsidered so new generations can interact with it. Young people’s worlds are shaped by cultural diversity, globalisation and the need to connect knowledge with the social environment, which enables them to engage in a critical re-appropriation of the past. This may be a new perspective that could be incorporated into the school curricula, and these types of visits could prove very useful for teachers and historical institutions such as museums or memorial sites interested in including young people’s experiences when planning their activities.
The analysis of prolonged-release drugs at the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market
Authors: Tarapon K. V. , Tryhubchak O. V.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To analyze the range of prolonged-release dosage forms at the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market focusing on the pharmacotherapeutic groups that are insufficiently saturated with prolonged-release drugs, in particular to determine the proportion of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Materials and methods. The research was conducted in accordance with the data of the State Registry of Medicines of Ukraine and the АТС classification system. The methods of scientific analysis, in particular methods of grouping and comparison, marketing methods of analysis were applied.
Results. The study of the assortment of prolonged-release drugs registered at the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market has been performed. The structure of the assortment by manufacturer, dosage forms, the АТС classification system has been analyzed. As a result of the study, it has been found that 202 trade names of prolonged-release drugs are registered in Ukraine. Most of them (196 names, 84 %) are medicines of foreign manufacturers. Prolonged-release drugs registered in Ukraine are mostly presented in the form of tablets and capsules, but tablets (72.77 %) are the largest part. The analysis of distribution of prolonged-release drugs by the ATC classification groups has shown that a significant number of prolonged-release drugs belongs to group N – Nervous system (80 trade names), and group C – Cardiovascular system (44 trade names). The share of group M – Musculoskeletal system, in particular prolonged-release NSAIDs, is insignificant (9 trade names).
Conclusions. The marketing research of the prolonged-release drugs conducted allowed us to characterize the structure of the assortment of the Ukrainian market by pharmacotherapeutic groups, manufacturers and dosage forms. As a result of the research, the current assortment of prolonged-release NSAIDs has been determined.
Strategic Abilities of Asynchronous Agents: Semantic Side Effects and How to Tame Them
Authors: Jamroga Wojciech , Penczek Wojciech , Sidoruk Teofil
Published: October 2021

Recently, we have proposed a framework for verification of agents' abilities in asynchronous multi-agent systems (MAS), together with an algorithm for automated reduction of models. The semantics was built on the modeling tradition of distributed systems.

As we show here, this can sometimes lead to counterintuitive interpretation of formulas when reasoning about the outcome of strategies. First, the semantics disregards finite paths, and yields unnatural evaluation of strategies with deadlocks. Secondly, the semantic representations do not allow to capture the asymmetry between proactive agents and the recipients of their choices. We propose how to avoid the problems by a suitable extension of the representations and change of the execution semantics for asynchronous MAS. We also prove that the model reduction scheme still works in the modified framework.
Satisfiability Checking of Strategy Logic with Simple Goals
Authors: Kacprzak Magdalena , Niewiadomski Artur , Penczek Wojciech
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we introduce a new method of the satisfiability (SAT) checking for Simple-Goal Strategy Logic (SL[SG]), using symbolic Boolean model encoding and the SAT Modulo Monotonic Theories techniques, which was implemented into the tool SGSAT. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only tool solving the SAT problem for SL[SG]. Its applications include process synthesis, developing controllers as well as automatic planners in multi-agent scenarios.
Diagnosis of Active Systems with Abstract Observations and Compiled Knowledge
Authors: Lamperti Gianfranco , Zanella Marina , Zhao Xiangfu
Published: October 2021

An active system (AS) is a discrete-event system (DES) with asynchronous behavior, which is represented by a network of components that are modeled as communicating automata. When being operated, an AS performs a trajectory within its behavior space, while generating a sequence of observations, namely a temporal observation. The model of the AS and a temporal observation are the two key ingredients of the diagnosis task, which aims to find out possible faulty behavior via abductive reasoning. Among other knowledge, such reasoning requires knowing what is observable and what is not. This essential distinction constitutes the observability of the AS. In the literature, the observability of a DES boils down to qualifying each state transition either as observable or unobservable, which contrasts with the way humans observe reality, typically by mapping a collection of observations to a single, abstract perception. Moreover, the occurrence of single state transitions is not necessarily what we can observe or what we want to observe for diagnosis purposes. This paper presents an extended notion of observability, where each observation is associated with a behavioral scenario rather than a single state transition, where a scenario is defined as a regular language on state transitions. To speed up the online diagnosis engine, specific diagnosis-oriented knowledge is compiled offline. Eventually, the diagnosis technique based on abstract observability is extended to cope with temporal uncertainty.
Unsupervised Novelty Characterization in Physical Environments Using Qualitative Spatial Relations
Authors: Li Ruiqi , Hua Hua , Haslum Patrik , Renz Jochen
Published: October 2021

Detecting, characterizing and adapting to novelty, whether in the form of previously unseen objects or phenomena, or unexpected changes in the behavior of known elements, is essential for Artificial Intelligence agents to operate reliably in unconstrained real-world environments.

We propose an automatic, unsupervised approach to novelty characterization for dynamic domains, based on describing the behaviors and interactions of objects in terms of their possible actions. To abstract from the variety of realizations of an action that can occur in physical domains, we model states in terms of qualitative spatial relations (QSRs) between their entities.

By first learning a model of actions in the non-novel environment from the state transitions observed as the agent interacts with the world, we can detect novelty by the persistent deviations from this model that it causes, and characterize the novelty by new or modified actions.

We also present a new method of learning action models from observation, based on conceptual similarity and hierarchical clustering.
Synthesizing Best-effort Strategies under Multiple Environment Specifications
Authors: Aminof Benjamin , De Giacomo Giuseppe , Lomuscio Alessio , Murano Aniello , Rubin Sasha
Published: October 2021

We formally introduce and solve the synthesis problem for LTL goals in the case of multiple, even contradicting, assumptions about the environment. Our solution concept is based on ``best-effort strategies'' which are agent plans that, for each of the environment specifications individually, achieve the agent goal against a maximal set of environments satisfying that specification. By means of a novel automata theoretic characterization we demonstrate that this best-effort synthesis for multiple environments is 2ExpTime-complete, i.e., no harder than plain LTL synthesis. We study an important case in which the environment specifications are increasingly indeterminate, and show that as in the case of a single environment, best-effort strategies always exist for this setting.

Moreover, we show that in this setting the set of solutions are exactly the strategies formed as follows: amongst the best-effort agent strategies for ɸ under the environment specification E1, find those that do a best-effort for ɸ under (the more indeterminate) environment specification E2, and amongst those find those that do a best-effort for ɸ under the environment specification E3, etc.
DatalogMTL with Negation Under Stable Models Semantics
Authors: Wałęga Przemysław A. , Tena Cucala David J. , Kostylev Egor V. , Cuenca Grau Bernardo
Published: October 2021

We introduce negation under stable models semantics in DatalogMTL—a temporal extension of Datalog with metric operators. As a result, we obtain a rule language which combines the power of answer set programming with the temporal dimension provided by metric operators. We show that, in this setting, reasoning becomes undecidable over the rationals and decidable in EXPSPACE in data complexity over the integers. We also show that, if we restrict our attention to forward-propagating programs (where rules propagate information in a single temporal direction), reasoning over integers becomes PSPACE-complete in data complexity and hence no harder than over positive programs; however, reasoning over the rationals in this fragment remains undecidable.
Pengaruh Pengawasan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Bagian Front Office di PT. Wom Finance Cabang Lampung
Authors: Purnama Husna , Elina Maria
Published: October 2021

Abstract Kinerja menjadi gambaran mengenai tingkat pencapaian pelaksanaan suatu kegiatan dalam mewujudkan sasaran, tujuan, visi dan misi organisasi yang tertuang dalam strategi perencanaan suatu organisasi. Upaya optimalisasi kinerja karyawan khusus di Bagian Front Office pada obyek penelitian di PT. WOM Finance Cabang Lampung masih menghadapi beberapa kendala berupa lemahnya lemahnya pencapaian target perusahaan. Permasalahan-permasalahan yang muncul dalam optimalisasi kinerja karyawan ini berkaitan dengan lemahnya pengawasan karyawan dalam melaksanakan tugas dan wewenangnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh pengawasan terhadap prestasi kerja. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan hasil analisis nilai t hitung sebesar 3.978 > t tabel sebesar 1,73 maka dapat diketahui bahwa pengawasan berpengaruh positif terhadap prestasi kerja. Dengan demikian hipotesis yang diajukan pada penelitian ini dapat terbukti, dengan besaran pengaruh variabel pengawasan terhadap kinerja berdasarkan uji determinasi (R2) adalah 0,442 artinya sebesar 44,2% variabel pengawasan mampu menjelaskan variabel prestasi kerja.
School of Anak Laut (Sea Children): Educational Philanthropy Movement in Bajo Community of Three-Coral World Center
Authors: Alifuddin Muhammad , Alhamuddin Alhamuddin , Nurjannah Nurjannah
Published: October 2021

This article provided an anlytical description of the Muhammadiyah philanthropic movement to the Bajo community in Wakatobi. There were three important points hacked in this study, namely: (1). Why did Muhammadiyah choose the domain of education for its philatropical movement in the Bajo community? (2). what was the pattern of Muhammadiyah's educational philanthropic movement in the Bajo community? (3). what was the Bajo community's response to the Muhammadiyah-based pure Islamic education philanthropy movement? Data collection was done through in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. Analyzing data used hermeneutic phenomenology approach. The results showed that the choice of moving in the realm of education by the local Muhammadiyah community was due to the essence of the education movement as a fulcrum for determining the quality of human resources, on the other hand expensive quality education services made most Bajo children to choose to go to sea rather than go to school. The choice of educational philanthrophy by Muhammadiyah was also due to the psycho-social reality of local children who were suspected of "experiencing" an inferiority complex when they interacted with the mainland children's community. The philanthropic movement pattern implemented by the local Muhammadiyah community was based on the philanthropic social movement, namely to form awareness of the local community about the urgency of education for future life continuity by relying on a belief system or religious basis. The smart work of the Muhammadiyah community combined with the positive action approach made the pure Islamic idea could be transformed into the Bajo cultural space through education and teaching in a natural humanistic manner, without causing controversy.

Keywords: Educational Philanthrophy, Bajo Community, Educational Philanthrophy Movement