bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPROPRIATION AGREEMENT: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE FOR UKRAINE
Authors: Antonenko A.
Published: January 2021

The article addresses the issue on the determination of ways to improve the legal regulation for contractual relations of purchasing private property for public needs, based on the European experience in regulating expropriation. To achieve it, general and special methods of scientific knowledge have been used, including system-structural, structural-logical, comparative-legal, deduction, induction, analysis, synthesis, etc. The necessity of appreciation of the European experience of legal regulation of expropriation to optimize Ukrainian legislation in this area is emphasized. The article establishes the issue concerning the sameness of two legal tools, namely the contract of purchase of private property for public needs under Ukrainian law, as a general idea, which is now implemented through civil law agreements, and the expropriation agreement in several European states (Germany, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein). The advisability of expropriation agreement implementation into legislation and legal practice is substantiated; in this regard, expropriation agreement is considered as the special contract destined exclusively for regulation of purchase of private property for public needs. The author also suggests applying European approch to entitling the contract of purchasing of private property for public needs and identifying its terms; Expropriation Contract as a title is proposed. The article highlights the advantages of Expropriation Contract as a title. The amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On the alienation of land and other real estate located on them, which are in private ownership, for public needs or for reasons of public necessity" according to European experience and author’s examination are proposed. The author also recommends to change the name of the purchasing procedure to the procedure for voluntary expropriation (or voluntary alienation of private property for public needs).
Evaluation of knowledge regarding COVID-19 in the doctors - A cross sectional study in a tertiary care centre of Maharashtra
Authors: SD Kotnis , PV Sancheti
Published: January 2021

Training of human resources is immensely important as COVID-19 is a new disease and impact of the disease is high in shorter time span. With this view, Government of India initiated Integrated Government Online Training (iGOT) platform for training of human resources. iGOT training was imparted to all doctors, residents. The present study was conducted with an aim to evaluate the knowledge of doctors regarding COVID-19. All delegates (Total 88) were invited to join a social media group which was utilised to circulate the questionnaire. More stress should be given in the training on precautions to be taken triage areas, sample collection and transfer, and management in antenatal, postnatal and paediatric age group. The iGOT training was useful for capacity building. Keywords: COVID-19; doctors; iGOT training; SARS-CoV-2
Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 pneumonia – An institutional experience
Authors: T Sachin , B Gurumurthy , SK Das , C Anupama , DV Kini
Published: January 2021

Background: The purpose of this article is to provide insight into the varied extrapulmonary manifestations associated with the novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study mainly focuses to identify the most common extrapulmonary manifestations encountered in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia as noted in the Indian subcontinent. Materials and methods: A total of 145 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 disease were retrospectively evaluated for extrapulmonary imaging findings or complications. These patients had undergone various imaging examinations during the course of hospital stay. Images were reviewed using the institutional PACS database system over a period of three months (August to October 2020). Results: Among the 145 patients (91 males and 54 females), 54 patients (37.2%) had extrapulmonary findings or complications on imaging. Various extrapulmonary findings observed are as follows: ischemic brain infarcts (n=12), intracranial hemorrhage (n=5), viral encephalitis (n=1), perinephric fat stranding (n=3), small bowel ischemia (n=1), acute pancreatitis (n=2), splenomegaly (n=15), pericardial effusion (n=2), mediastinal lymphadenopathy (n=9), and pneumomediastinum (n=4). Conclusion: With increasing spread of COVID-19 infection worldwide, it is important to identify the spectrum of extrapulmonary manifestations related to COVID-19 pneumonia in the long run. A clear understanding of the extrapulmonary imaging findings in COVID-19 pneumonia is essential so that the radiologist can make a timely and accurate diagnosis to aid in patient management. Keywords: severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS); COVID-19 pneumonia; extrapulmonary manifestations; viral encephalitis, renal dysfunction; pneumomediastinum
A comparative study: Results of rapid antigen detection assay and real time RT-PCR for diagnosis of COVID-19 in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: J Banerjee , SG Reddy , RC Darapuneni , AK Bilolikar
Published: January 2021

Introduction: December 2019, witnessed the emergence of a novel coronavirus in human population. Later named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has since spread across the globe and results into coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate COVID-19 infection positivity rate, its age and gender wise prevalence and to compare the results of rapid antigen detection test with gold standard real time RT-PCR for early detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Methods: An observational study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana. Results: A total of 208 patients’ specimens (nasopharyngeal swab) were compared within a period of one and half month. Infection positivity rate was observed as 26.92% (n=56). Our study revealed that among all 56 COVID-19 positive patients, 60.71% (n=34) were symptomatic whereas 39.2% (n=22) were asymptomatic. Conclusion: We conclude that after comparing with real time RT-PCR, antigen detection assay is not as sensitive as molecular test especially during the early stages of infection but this has potential to become an important tool for mass screening for COVID-19 and can be considered as fast and economic diagnostic tools in the remote areas where the laboratory facilities for molecular tests are not accessible. Keywords: COVID-19; pandemic; nasopharyngeal swab; rapid antigen detection assay; real time RT-PCR
The Correlation Between the Set of Mental Functions and Emotion Recognition Skills Formation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Mesnyankina K.K. , Sarelaynen A.I. , Anishchenko S.I. , Kalinin K.B.
Published: January 2021

Research is devoted to revealing the relation of the complex of mental functions and their components with the ability to recognize emotions from facial expressions and with the success of learning this skill in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The set includes characteristics of the visual perception, properties of attention, properties of thinking and visual spatial analysis and synthesis. The study involved 19 children with ASD at the age of 6 to 12 years, including 2 girls and 17 boys. The training consisted of 12 sessions. Research showed that the success of emotion recognition from facial expressions in children with ASD associated with the level of development of visual spatial analysis and synthesis. It is also revealed that the success of emotion recognition training is connected with the level of development of visual spatial analysis and synthesis, abstract reasoning, and a concept formation.
Features of mental deadaptation formation in powder production workers
Authors: Kuzmina S. V. , Garipova R. V. , Yakhin K. K.
Published: January 2021

Objective. The aim was to assess the impact of production and non-production risk factors on the formation of mental health disorders in chemical workers.

Materials and methods. 201 employees of the main and 352 employees of the group of control were examined by a clinical method using a clinical structured psychiatric interview; questionnaires to identify additional non-production risk factors; questionnaire of neurotization. The calculations were carried out in the environment of the statistical system R. For modeling dependencies and calculating probabilities, logistic regression models were built, factor analysis was carried out.

Results. The dependence of the formation of prenosological mental disorders in workers on the temporal characteristics, the level of material support and the actual production factors was revealed. The proportion of persons with mental deadaptation MD) in the main group 72.5 %) and the group of control 27.5 %) significantly differ from each other p 0.001).

Conclusions. 1. The structure and the actual risk of MD formation among workers in the production of gunpowder is determined by harmful labor factors, depends on economic security, evolves depending on time characteristics. 2. For persons working under the influence of a chemical factor of the production environment in combination with explosive and fire hazardous works, the leading is astheno-vegetative symptomatology in combination with the personality type of conversion reaction. In the first 9 years of experience, general neurotic reactions are observed with a pronounced contribution from all scales, indicating the tension of adaptation mechanisms up to the formation of decompensation. With an increase in the length of time, the reactions are transformed into a conversion type of response according to the somato-vegetative type with a phobic radical and obsessions, and subsequently manifest themselves in relative independence from characterological reactions. 3. The degree of severity of reactions is characterized by variability, significantly overlapping the types of disorders that can be considered in the framework of Other mood disorders F38.0 and F38.1), which does not give grounds to classify them as F30-F34, since they are not sufficiently pronounced and severe.
The case of takotsubo syndrome
Authors: Khovaeva Ya. B. , Kiryanova N. V. , Zinkovskaya T. M. , Ivanova N. V. , Sosnin D. Yu. , Moiseenko N. P. , Voronova E. I. , Gladkov S. V. , Gerasimova A. V.
Published: January 2021

The article describes the current understanding of the takotsubo syndrome concerning the issues of pathogenesis, differential diagnosis with acute coronary syndrome and strategy of management. There is presented our own clinical observation of a patient with an atypical form of cardiac dysfunction and myocardial geometry.
Features of amniotic fluid microbiota in full-term pregnancy
Authors: Kaganova M. A. , Spiridonova N. V. , Medvedchikova-Ardiya L. K.
Published: January 2021

Objective. To study the microbial landscape of amniotic fluid in physiological process of full-term pregnancy. Recently, after publication of a number of studies regarding human microbiota (The Human Microbiome Project HMP), there occurred a change in paradigm on absolute sterility of fetal membranes and amniotic fluid in physiologically developing pregnancy.

Materials and methods. At the City Clinical Hospital № 1 named after N.I. Pirogov, during elective cesarean section of 19 pregnant women (at the terms of 3741 weeks) with intact fetal membranes, an amniotic fluid of the following microorganisms was taken by means of PCR-PB: Lactobacillus spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Gardnerella vaginalis / Prevotella bivia / Porphyromonas spp., Eubacterium spp., Sneathia spp. / Leptotrihia spp. / Fusobacterium spp., Megasphaera spp. / Veillonella spp. / Dialister spp., Lachnobacterium spp. / Clostridium spp., Mobiluncus spp. / Corynebacterium spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Atopobium vaginae, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma (urealyticum + parvum), Candida spp., Mycoplasma henitalium.

Results. The general bacterial mass (GBM) of amniotic fluid in intact fetal membranes is 103,02 Ge/copies, in 47.4 % of cases the amniotic fluid is sterile. Microbiota is most often presented by Enterobacteriaceae spp. 37 %, the share of the rest, identified bacteria is 28 %, the share of unknown is 35 %.

Conclusions. In case of physiologically developing pregnancy and intact fetal membranes, the general bacterial mass is low (GBM = 103,02 345 Ge/ml). In the intact amniotic sac the most typical microorganisms living in amniotic fluid are Enterobacteriaceae spp. (37 %), the rest are presented in single instances. The presence of the representatives of anaerobic vaginal dysbiosis as well as lactobacilli is not typical for the intact fetal membranes.
Prolongation of viability of isolated skin explants by exposing them to their own transformed physical fields: experimental study
Authors: Nikityuk I. E. , Afonichev K. A. , Nikitin M. S. , Kubasov V. A. , Petrash V. V.
Published: January 2021

Objective. To study the effect of materials with optical-electrical properties on the survival of full-layer skin explants when they are isolated from the body with completely stopped trophic activity.

Material and methods. In rabbits of both sexes at the age of 5-6 months, full-layer skin flaps were excised from the back area, which were dissected into fragments-explants measuring 1.01.0 cm. All samples were thermostated for 2 days at 37 C near transducers represented by aluminum foil sheets and silicon single crystals. In the first series of experiments, the explants were directly in contact with the transducers; in the second and third series, screens made of light-proof black paper and thin glass were installed between the explants and the transducers, respectively. In each series, the experiments were repeated 5 times with each transducer. After thermostating, the explant viability index was evaluated by histological method in points.

Results. In the first and second series of experiments, the highest survival rate of explants with a viability index from 3.6 to 3.8 points with a norm of 4.0 points) was revealed depending on the type of transducer. In series III, when screening silicon crystals with thin glass, the explant survival rate decreased slightly to 3.3 points. However, the screening of aluminum foil with glass led to a sharp decrease in the viability of explants to 0.2 points.

Conclusions. A long-term viability of skin explants can be explained only by the effect of their own physical fields on them produced by the biostructures of explants and transformed by interaction with nearby materials possessing optical and electrical properties.
Personification of nordic walking course in children with bronchial asthma depending on physical health level and disease control
Authors: Kuzina E. N. , Spivak E. M. , Nezhkina N. N.
Published: January 2021

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of a personalized Nordic walking course in children with bronchial asthma.

Material and methods. In conditions of a local sanatorium, 60 children aged 814 years with atopic bronchial asthma in remission were examined, 30 patients received the usual set of health-improving measures (comparison group), 30 patients additionally underwent a course of sports walking, personalized depending on the degree of asthma control and the level of physical health (main group). To evaluate it, the method of L.G. Apanasenko was used. Indicators of external respiration, abdominal and back muscle strength, physical performance, and Robinson and Rufier indices were determined. The children were examined twice: before and after the rehabilitation course. The dynamics of functional indicators was expressed as a percentage increase in relation to the initial values.

Results. It was found that 36.7 % of patients had a low, 53.3 % average and only 10 % high level of physical health. Only 10 % had a complete asthma control, and 90 % of children had a partial control. The use of a personalized sports walking course helped to improve the functional parameters of external respiration, muscular and cardiovascular systems. In the comparison group, the positive dynamics of most of functional indicators was significantly less obvious.

Conclusions. The course of Nordic walking in children with bronchial asthma at the stage of rehabilitation should be personalized taking into account the level of physical health and the degree of disease control. This technology in this category of patients has a significant positive health-strengthening effect, which is manifested by improving the functional state of the muscular, respiratory and cardiovascular systems.
Epiphytic myxomycetes on the bark of Salix and Populus in the southeast of Western Siberia
Authors: Vlasenko Anastasia Vladimirovna
Published: January 2021

The diversity of epiphytic myxomycetes developing on the bark of aspen and willow in the southeast of Western Siberia was studied. In the study area, aspens and willows most often dominate in intrazonal communities: in floodplains, ravines and gullies. Myxomycetes of the epiphytic complex were identified using two complementary methods: collecting fruiting bodies in the field and isolation in laboratory conditions on natural substrates (bark of living trees) using the moist chambers method. A total of 505 samples of myxomycetes were analyzed, where a sample is a specific group of myxomycetes formed from a single plasmodium. 64 species of myxomycetes were identified in the moist chambers and 8 species in the field. Despite the fact that the bark of the aspen and willow has very similar values of acidity (pH), the taxonomic composition of myxomycetes living on these trees varies greatly. As a result 72 species of myxomycetes were recorded on the bark of the aspen and willow in the southeast of Western Siberia on the willow bark only there were 51 species, on the aspen bark only there were 10 species, on the bark of both trees there were 10 species.
Substrate specialization and distribution of fungi of the genus Trametes in the southeast of Western Siberia
Authors: Vlasenko Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich
Published: January 2021

The authors have studied the features of the substrate specificity of fungi of the genus Trametes s.l. in the southeast of Western Siberia, where this taxon has 10 species. Most species of fungi have a wide substrate spectrum, represented by the wood of various types of woody plants. Fungal species with a wide distribution and a high frequency of occurrence develop a wide range of substrates. Fungal species that are rare and common only in some localities are not numerous; they are characterized by a narrow substrate spectrum. Most species of fungi develop on hardwood, but only a few species can grow on coniferous wood in mountainous areas. Fungal substrates are represented by wood of sixteen species of angiosperms and one species of gymnosperms of woody plants. These ten species of fungi of the Trametes genus have been identified in natural plant communities in the southeast of Western Siberia, while only eight species have been found in anthropogenic habitats. The largest number of fungal species develops on large-sized tree species found in plant communities that are common in the studied region. The number of species of wood-decay fungi on shrubs is insignificant. A small range of species of wood-decay fungi is typical of introduced species (Linden, Oak, Manchurian Walnut, Apple, Ash, Mulberry) growing in urban plantings and in Botanical gardens. Species of fungi with a wide ecological amplitude can develop on the wood of introduced plants.
The nesting ecology and postembryonic development of the Baikal white wagtail Motacilla alba baicalensis
Authors: Dorzhiev Tsydypzhap Zayatuevich , Saaya Ariyana Tomur-oolovna
Published: January 2021

The goal of the paper is to identify the features of the breeding ecology of the Motacilla alba baicalensis in the Baikal region and Transbaikalia. The nesting ecology study deliverable of the Motacilla alba baicalensis in the Baikal region and Transbaikalia showed that this subspecies, unlike other forms, is more synanthropic, more than 95% of populations live in localities and other anthropogenic habitats, and only 23% of populations inhabit natural biotopes. At the same time, the Motacilla alba baicalensis in the region prefers small rural settlements and livestock camps in open landscapes near reservoirs. When the Motacilla alba baicalensis builds nests, like other subspecies, it is quite plastic and easily finds shelter in various anthropogenic and natural biotopes. The higher nesting efficiency of this subspecies indicates its wide opportunities to develop anthropogenic landscapes. Due to the short favorable nesting period, most pairs manage to hatch chicks once, but only a small number of pairs manage to raise chicks twice a season. A comparison of the nesting ecology of the Motacilla alba baicalensis with other forms of the Northern Eurasian species did not reveal any fundamental differences. The differences relate to the phenology of different stages of the breeding season, as well as the timing of arrival and departure of birds.
A comparative evaluation of the fluctuating asymmetry of the leaf blade Betula pendula Roth for different methods of plant material fixation
Authors: Zhuikova Tatyana Valerievna , Popova Anastasia Sergeevna , Meling Eleonora Vasilievna
Published: January 2021

The influence of plant material fixation methods on the index of fluctuating asymmetry of Betula pendula Roth leaves is determined. The methods used were herbarization under pressure and leaves fixation in a solution of ethyl alcohol (45%). Biological material was collected in natural phytocenoses of the Pritalskaya zone of the Middle Urals and in technogenically formed territories, including soil contamination with heavy metals. The FA level of Betula pendula Roth leaf blades obtained on freshly harvested material increases in the gradient of toxic load and reflects a natural increase in soil contamination with heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, etc.). The smallest deviation from the actual FA values obtained on freshly harvested material is given by a method of herbarization of leaves. The correlation coefficients are 0,940,99. Plant material fixation in an alcohol solution leads to more than 10-fold deviation of FA values from the real ones. The correlation between the studied morphological parameters of fresh and alcoholic leaf blades is 0,170,70. The signs distance between the bases of the first and second veins of the second order from the base of the leaf and angle between the main vein and the second vein of the second order from the base of the leaf are more distorted. Correction coefficients are proposed that allow to level out the differences in the FA level between the results obtained on freshly collected material and recorded by different methods. For the herbarization method, regardless of where the plant material is collected, the correction factor to be entered for the FA values of the fixed leaf blades is () 0,0004. For the method of leaves fixation in an alcohol solution, the coefficient value is () 0,00075 for material collected in undisturbed communities, and (+) 0,0045 for technogenically disturbed communities.
Variability of leaf blade characters of some microspecies from Alchemilla L. (Rosaceae) in nature coenopopulations and culture on the territory of Mari El Republic
Authors: Zhukova Olga Valerevna
Published: January 2021

The genus Alchemilla L. is one of the largest in angiosperm. This paper deals with variability of leaf blade characters of some microspecies from Alchemilla L. genus. The studies were conducted in 3 natural regions on the territory of Mari El Republic and in culture. A consensus configuration of leaf blade for A. acutiloba Opiz, A. gracilis Opiz, A. monticola Opiz, A. sarmatica Juz., A. schistophylla Juz., A. substrigosa Juz. was obtained by a geometric morphometrics method. The variability of the leaf blade shape for A. acutiloba, A. gracilis, A. sarmatica in natural cenopopulation was described. The study has shown that the size and shape of leaf blade for A. gracilis in ecologically contrasting conditions differ. The size of leaf blade for A. substrigosa differs in conditions with some differences in the ecological characteristics of soils, the shape does not differ. According to a discriminant analysis based on a complex of morphometric characters of leaf blades for microspecies A. litwinowii, A. monticola, A. substrigosa in meadow plant community are classified with an accuracy of about 80%. A similar classification result of leaf blades for A. acutiloba, A. gracilis, A. hirsuticaulis in culture was revealed. Leaf blades for different microspecies form distinct, but overlapping clouds in the plane of discriminant functions.
Influence of growing conditions on the content of Pentaphylloides fruticosa flavonoids during introduction and in nature in the European North
Authors: Miftakhova Svetlana Alekseevna
Published: January 2021

The paper studies the content of culture and wild samples of flavonoids Pentaphylloides fruticosa (L.) O. Schwarz in the European North. On the territory of the Komi Republic P. fruticosa requires conservation measures. The species is used as an ornamental, medicinal, food, honey and forage plant. When determining the pool of flavonoids of vegetative parts of one-year shoots in the flowering phase, it was found that they were significantly higher in wild samples than in introduced ones. This suggests that geographical growing conditions should influence the amount of flavonoids. The difference in the amount of flavonoids in the flowers between the wild and introduction of the samples was found. There were no significant differences between the introduced samples in the leafing phase and in the flowering phase. In the phase of mass fruiting the amount of flavonoids was significantly higher in sample № 1, due to their different ecological and geographical origin. It is advisable to introduce the culture of these natural samples that grow in the northernmost location in Europe, which can be a promising source of raw flavonoids and their further study in new growing conditions.
Complex composts influence on the growth and dynamics of vermiculture number
Authors: Nakonechniy Nikolay Vladimirovich , Ibragimova Dinara Vladimirovna
Published: January 2021

The paper examines the influence of complex composts from waste water residues and brewers grains on the growth dynamics of Eisenia foetida vermiculture in greenhouse conditions as a regional aspect of sustainable development of the Ugra territory. The substrates were used: soil with a total humus content of 1,83 0,51%, waste water residues, brewers pellet, plants, food waste, paper, bird droppings, microbiological additive Tamir, as well as 50 immature worms Prospector. The experience lasted 30 days. Each compost variant contained 7 replications with microbiological additive Tamir and worms, as well as 2 controls without worms: with and without microbiological additive Tamir. Composite composts showed a positive trend in the increase in the number of earthworms and their total weight. A decrease in the mass of the substrate after vermicomposting using the microbiological preparation Tamir was observed in all variants. A statistically regular decrease in the mass of the substrate with time was established due to the growth of worms. The optimum temperature for the development of worms is +21C, and the pH values at which a high number of worms were observed are in the range from 7,8 to 8,2. Thus, all types of complex composts can be used. The process of decomposition and positive dynamics of growth of worms was observed everywhere at different rates. The use of brewers grains in a raw state is possible with the introduction of 1025% of the total mass of the compostable substrate with organic components having a sorption capacity.
The assessment of field resistance to scab and winter resistance of columnar apple trees in the Samara Region
Authors: Sobolev Gennady Ivanovich , Chernyshkov Vladimir Vyacheslavovich , Saksonov Stanislav Sergeevich
Published: January 2021

The research was conducted from 2006 to 2019 in the garden of Research Institute of Horticulture and Medicinal Plants Zhigulevskie Sady in the village of Malaya Tsarevshchina of Krasnoyarsk District of the Samara Region on 14 (0,432 ha), 43 (0,1 ha), 44 (0,05 ha) and 47 (6,8 ha) areas. On the 14th area, to accelerate flowering, fruiting, pollen collection and hybridization, in the springs of 2007, 2009 and 2012, parent varieties-donors of immunity were grafted to scab of domestic and foreign selection in the crown of young fruit-bearing trees of the Northern synapsis. Hybrid seeds obtained by crossing these varieties with local varieties were sown on the seedling plot (in a new plantation) and tested for scab resistance at an early age (from 2 years old). Scab-resistant hybrids were culled, and resistant hybrids were replanted in the breeding garden on the 47th area and tested for winter resistance separately after low-temperature stress in the freezer and in the field. The authors have identified columnar elites resistant to scab, which are superior in winter resistance to the local zoned coastal variety Kutuzovets, zoned variety Northern synapsis and common Antonovka. Apple trees with a columnar crown type of local selection in Research Institute of Horticulture and Medicinal Plants Zhigulevskie Sady with a high field resistance to scab, immunity, winter resistance and other varietal advantages will contribute to the improvement of orchards (amateur, farm, industrial) and import substitution of fruit products in the Samara Region of Russia.
Environmental factors influence on leeches distribution in the middle reaches of the Irtysh River
Authors: Fedorova Lyudmila Ivanovna
Published: January 2021

The Irtysh River is a transboundary watercourse that exhibits a wide range of climatic conditions, environments and ecological niches. As a result of the technogenic impact of industrial enterprises on surface and underground waters all the main tributaries of the middle reaches of the river Irtysh are in different degrees of pollution. Due to the impact of sewage and other wastes from the mining and metallurgical industry, in the waters of the river basin Irtysh the concentration excess of a number of toxic metals is observed. Among the invertebrates used to assess the state of natural waters, representatives of the Annelida type are often used. Since annelids are among the most common organisms on Earth, this makes it possible to study them in many regions and to assess the specificity of the impact and compare the impact of various pollutants in similar natural and climatic zones. It is known that the distribution of freshwater leeches is largely determined by natural and climatic conditions, landscape characteristics and the specifics of trophic connections, etc. In this case, the most important parameters are the physicochemical properties of water. This paper provides information on the factors influencing the species composition and structural indicators of leech communities living in the middle reaches of the Irtysh River.
The state of the rare endemic species population Nonea decurrens (C.A. Mey.) G. Don fil. (fam. Boraginaceae, Magnoliopsida) on the Narattyubinsky ridge and its dynamics
Authors: Yarovenko Elena Viktorovna , Gasanova Azra Magomednurovna
Published: January 2021

The paper presents a four-year study results of a rare Dagestan endemic Nonea decurrens (C.A. Mey.) G. Don fil. сoenopopulation state on the Narattyubinsky ridge (Foothill Dagestan). An irregular distribution on the study area was found with confinement mainly to shrub communities. The degree of morphometric characters variability of the vegetative and generative spheres of Nonea decurrens in the two coenopopulations studied varies both between sites and research years. The maximum values of biometric indicators were noted in different years for site 2. 2013 was the most favorable period for the vegetative sphere development, while higher values in general were found in 2012. The calculated vitality data of the studied coenopopulations revealed their depressive state according to the majority of morphometric characters for all years of research. Based on the results of one-way analysis of variance, the influence of weather conditions (temperature and precipitation) on the quality of coenopopulations in the years of the study was established. The obtained materials can serve for further monitoring of rare species. Recommendations for the protection of the species are given.
The age and sex structure of the population based on materials from the Eneolithic burial sites of the Middle Volga Region
Authors: Bogdanash Artem Vasilyevich
Published: January 2021

The paper describes the sex and age structure of the Chalcolithic era population in the Middle Volga. The materials of burial sites of different localization were used, in total 304 individuals. Historiographic information on the Eneolithic burial grounds of the region is presented. Various approaches to the interpretation of anthropological materials, the accumulation of new sources, as well as the improvement of methods of paleodemographic analysis determine the periodic appeal to the problem of the ancient societies life features. The сross-group analysis was carried out using the method of principal components of multivariate statistics. There is some similarity for the anthropological series in terms of the indicators of high mortality of children and men survival to old age. Differences can also be traced. The characteristics of the dynamics of human mortality based on the materials of the earliest Eneolithic burial ground Ekaterinovsky Cape brings it closer to the indicators of the Neolithic burial grounds of Eastern Europe. The age-sex structure of the population of the Khvalynsk culture of the developed Eneolithic is close to that which was previously given for other populations of the Eurasian era. It has been confirmed that the change in demographic indicators in a favorable direction among the Eneolithic societies in previous times is associated with the expansion of economic systems that have acquired a complex nature, combined agriculture, cattle breeding, hunting and fishing.
The features of the skeleton of the population in the early bronze age of the Volga-Ural Region
Authors: Grigoryev Artem Petrovich
Published: January 2021

The paper is devoted to the study of a series of postcranial skeletons from the Early Bronze Age burial grounds on the steppe and forest-steppe territory of the Volga and Ural Rivers basin. Using the standard osteometric technique in the processing of the material and statistical techniques in its analysis, the morphological originality of the male part of the population was revealed. Within the group a robust tall type of constitution dominates, more or less found among the representatives of the early pastoral groups in the Ural-Volga Region. The specificity of the group originating from the territory of the left bank of the Sok River is revealed; it consists in the gracile of the skeleton. Compared to the chronologically synchronous groups of the Early Bronze Age, the Volga-Ural group has a somewhat more massive skeleton structure, especially on the background of the gracile sample of the Lower Don. The author has revealed similarity with the Eneolithic group of the Dnieper-Donets Region. The dominance of the hypermorphic body type in the group of the Early Bronze Age in the Volga-Ural Region is genetically associated with the population of the Late Stone Age in the Dnieper Region. The population of the Khvalynsk Eneolithic culture of the Volga Region, considered by some specialists as ancestral for the Early Bronze Age pastoralists, has a noticeably more gracile osteological constitution and morphologically approaches the Neolithic population of Central Europe.
«The Silver Age of Piracy»: French pirates in the Atlantic in the first third of the XVI century
Authors: Ashrafyan Konstantin Eduardovich
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the study was to find a causal relationship between the activities of king Francis I and the large-scale pirate actions of the captains of the French merchant fleet, Jean Ango. This was necessary to show piracy as a fusion of the military and diplomatic policies of France against Portugal and Spain with the naval experience of warfare on the seas and in the oceans, which had the captains of the merchant fleet of Jean Ango. We can see this connection by the captured and looted of hundreds of ships in Portugal and Spain with the full support of piracy from the French crown. The goal was also to show how France, through piracy and its promotion at the state level, destroyed the system of international agreements and Royal oaths in the Christian world for the sake of its commercial advantage. The author studies and gives examples of numerous acts of piracy, numbering in the hundreds of captured, robbed, and sunk ships, the reasons and conclusions are given why Francis I began to demand Open seas and oceans and why he demanded a revision of the borders of the world in the XVI century. The author has considered and found the answers to the questions of what caused the rupture of international treaties, on the part of Francis I. The author has also revealed and shown the facts of multiple penetrations of France on the territory of Portugal and Spain, which later led to attempts by France to establish settlements in Brazil in 15551559 and Spanish Florida in 15631565, contrary to all international norms and agreements the Popes bulls of 1493 and the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494 and subsequent ones. The paper shows that the scale and scope of the pirate actions of French pirates in the Atlantic contributed to the formation of piracy as a mass phenomenon and can be called the Silver age of world piracy, which falls on the 16th century, and anticipates the Golden age of piracy of the 17th and 18th centuries. This term is quite appropriate to introduce for this time, especially if it is considered together with the even larger-scale pirate actions of Berber pirates in the Mediterranean, which are quite well known and described in the scientific literature.
The development of women’s education in Governor-Generalship of the Steppes and Turkestan in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
Authors: Rygalova Maria Vladimirovna
Published: January 2021

The paper analyzes the problem of womens education development in Governor-Generalship of the Steppes and Turkestan in the 1880s-early 20th century in the context of socio-economic development of the territories. Initially, education for girls was not necessary. It was viewed from a negative point of view. But with the modernization of the territory, there was a need for education, including for girls. There were significant changes in the system of womens education during the period under review. The number of girls studying was growing, and additional institutions were being opened for their education due to the demand and needs for qualified personnel. In addition, the demand for education among the indigenous population was significantly increasing. This shows an increase in the level of development of society as a whole, as well as the inclusion of the outlying territories in the socio-economic and cultural relationships of the Russian Empire. The education of women among the aboriginal population changed from complete denial, because they had a traditional way of life to the recognition of its necessity and the development of a network of womens educational institutions for all classes.
Pedagogical discourse in the system of color perception of art by future designers in the process of training
Authors: Bugaev Vasily Ivanovich
Published: January 2021

The priorities of modern education are addressed to the spiritual, moral, aesthetic and artistic foundations in the development of artistic culture and art of the young creative generation. The paradigm shift in the color perception of the art of modernism and postmodernism is acquiring a tendency to dominate quasi-cultural values. The creativity of the young generation is based on the traditions of the imagery of Russian realistic art. The artistic image in art always carries with it a certain social significance. This affiliation of art is characteristic of the entire development of the traditions of the spirituality of Russian education. The modern universe of art education has enormous spiritual heuristic potential. Russian thinkers, scientists and teachers A.F. Losev, Yu.M. Lotman, V.A. Sukhomlinsky, K.D. Ushinsky and P.A. Florensky pointed out that without traditions in art it is impossible to navigate in the present and build harmonious foundations of the future. The fast flow of information processes of young creative generation is not able at times to understand the higher spiritual and moral values of color art.
Problem-based learning as a means of chemistry education effectiveness improvement at a medical university
Authors: Garanina Rezeda Mucharramovna
Published: January 2021

The paper discusses the goals and objectives of problem-based learning, discusses methods of students cognitive activity and cognitive independence stimulation by practical problems solving. Problem-based learning is a necessary condition for increasing students motivation for self-study and self-education, contributes to the development of students cognitive abilities. Problematic interpretation of educational material by practical problems solving, integrated problems with designation of interdisciplinary connections suggest using of a partial search method to optimize students cognitive activity. The relevance of problem-based learning largely lies in its developmental orientation, including various types of situational problems solving in the study of the course chemistry. Special attention is paid to problem-based learning through the case method, actualization of interdisciplinary connections as a didactic principle in teaching. The subject role of the teacher is actualized, which still remains central and coordinating, presupposes a creative approach to work, the presence of fundamental theoretical knowledge, intellectual baggage, global professional thinking and professional culture. The formulation of problematic situations requires innovative thinking, non-standard approaches to learning, contributes to a better understanding of their professional role, democratization and modernization of the educational process. Objective data on the advantages of problem-based learning for the development of students cognitive abilities, manifestation of subjectivity, activation of the acquired knowledge and their application in practice to solve real educational, educational-research and educational-professional tasks, development of systemic clinical thinking capable of providing a high level of training of a modern specialist are presented in health care.
Contemporary art in the development of a gifted child’s art-aesthetic thesaurus
Authors: Kalinina Larisa Yurievna , Ivanov Dmitry Viktorovich , Nikitin Nikolay Aleksandrovich
Published: January 2021

The authors substantiate the expediency of referring to the forms and artistic means of contemporary art as integrating mechanisms of the semantic space common to adult authors and children who are passionate about creativity. According to the most important understanding of childhood in the thesaurus approach according to Val.A. Lukov, the preserved past in its correlation with the peculiarities of the childrens subculture, the idea of matching the spontaneous creative actions of the child and the well-thought-out creative method of modern authors who seek to show the creative process itself is justified. The contradiction between the fundamental difference of the adults and children thinking models disappears when the child in the game acts on behalf of the Contemporary Author, showing his talent as actions to structure the fruitful disorder of an unfamiliar educational environment. The thesaurus helps to discover new meanings an accumulated body of knowledge about the world and how it is reflected in art products, sufficient for orientation in this environment. Taking into account the complex effects of the digital age on the child from the real and virtual subspaces, the presence in his thesaurus of contemporary art concepts, embodied in words, visual and musical images, it will contribute to a bright, obvious manifestation of giftedness at the age of 67 years.
A comparative analysis of Biology books included in the Federal list of school textbooks (2018) for grades 5–7
Authors: Marina Antonina Vasilyevna , Selina Irina Nikolaevna , Churapina Ekaterina Mikhailovna , Shahzadyan Anna Serezhaevna
Published: January 2021

The paper discusses one of the most important issues for educational process organization while teaching Biology at secondary school educational and methodological support and its main component a course book. The authors prove the urgency of this problem as school teachers face a great choice of Biology course books. The paper also contains a brief overview how the notion course book developed in Russia. The authors have given a modern interpretation of the notion course book taking into account the Federal State Educational Standards of General Education. Particular attention is paid to considering the structure of the course book. The specificity of a Biology course book for secondary schools is characterized. The authors have also revealed some variability of Biology course books for 57 grades of secondary schools in modern conditions when there are two federal lists of school textbooks. The reasons for the existing difficulties in the choice of a Biology course book by school Biology teachers are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the criteria for a comparative analysis of the content of Biology course books for secondary schools. The authors have also revealed a degree of completeness of Biology courses with various components for grades 57. The presented materials can be used by school teachers while teaching a Biology course at a secondary school.
Features of teaching Russian as a foreign language to bilingual students (using the example of the Russian verb aspect study)
Authors: Perkova Elena Leonidovna , Shirobokova Lubov Pavlovna
Published: January 2021

The paper discusses the features of learning Russian by foreign students who speak English at a basic level. A difficult aspect for foreign students is grammar, which is accompanied by an innumerable set of rules and the same number of exceptions. One of the most difficult grammatical topics is Imperfect and Perfect Verbs, since in other languages the grammatical category of the verb aspect does not exist. In this regard, there are difficulties for foreign bilingual students in determining the meaning, methods of education, use and application of imperfect and perfect verbs in speech situations. The explanation of the material is based on the principles of consistency and systematicity, i.e. from the disclosure of the semantics of verbs, their functions in specific communicative situations, further to the methods of forming of aspect pairs of the verb using common prefixes, suffixes, as well as exceptions to the rules, alternating adjacent consonants and vowels in the root, and special cases of formation of aspect pairs of the verb that need to be remembered. The paper presents methods of teaching the grammatical category of the verb aspect in the Russian language to foreign students, successive stages of work on the formation and correct using of perfect and imperfect verbs in order to remove the language barrier in intercultural communication.