bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De novo design of a new open-shell nitrogen-centered diradicaloid with tunable stimuli-responsive electronic properties and diradical character
Authors: Huang Bin , Kang Hao , Zhang Changwei , Zhao Xiao-Li , Shi Xueliang , Yang Hai-Bo
Published: May 2022

In this study, we present the de novo design of a new open-shell nitrogen-centered diradicaloid which can reversibly respond to multiple stimuli and display the tunable diradical character and chemo-physical properties. 1a was successfully synthesized through a simple and high-yielding two-step synthetic strategy. Both experimental and calculated results indicated that 1a displayed an open-shell singlet ground state with small singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔES−T = -2.311 kcal mol− 1) and a modest diradical character (y0 = 0.55). Interestingly, 1a was demonstrated to undergo reversible Lewis acid-base reaction with both Lewis acid and Brønsted acid to form acid-base adducts due to its intrinsic Lewis basicity. The formation of Lewis acid-base adduct was proven to effectively tune the ground-state electronic structures of 1a as well as its diradical character and spin density distributions. Based on this, we succeeded in devising a photoresponsive system based on 1a and a commercially available photoacid merocyanine (MEH). We believe that our studies including the entirely new molecular design methodology and the newly found stimuli-responsive organic diradicaloid system will open up a new way to develop new diradicaloids with tunable properties and even intelligent-responsive diradicaloid-based materials.
Synchronous Analysis of Chiral Mesostructured Inorganic Crystals Using Three-dimensional Electron Crystallography
Authors: Ai Jing , Zhang Xueliang , Bai Te , Shen Qing , Oleynikov Peter , Duan Yingying , Terasaki Osamu , Che Shunai , Han Lu
Published: May 2022

Chiral mesostructures exhibit distinctive twisting and helical hierarchical stacking ranging from atomic to micrometre scales. A detailed analysis of these materials is key to understanding their characteristic chiral anisotropy. However, the determination of these multilevel chirality remains challenging due to the limited information from spectroscopy, diffraction techniques, scanning electron microscopy and the two-dimensional projections in transmission electron microscopy. Herein, we report a general approach to determine chiral hierarchical mesostructures based on three-dimensional electron diffraction tomography (3D EDT), by which the structure can be solved synchronously according to the quantitative measurement of diffraction spot deformations and their arrangement in reciprocal space. This method was verified on two samples—chiral mesostructured nickel molybdate and chiral mesostructured tin dioxide—revealing hierarchical chiral structures that cannot be determined by conventional techniques. This approach provides more precise and comprehensive identification of the hierarchical mesostructures, which is expected to advance our understanding of structural–chiral anisotropy at the fundamental level.
Accelerating the Retrieval Efficiency of Biological Genes Based on Cached Trie Tree
Authors: Xu Chun , Yue Yi , Dong Menglong , Xia Chuan , Wu Yunzhi , Ye Cheng , Ma Zhiyu
Published: May 2022

with the rapid development of the third generation sequencing technology and the rapid growth of biological sequence data such as DNA, how to efficiently retrieve a gene cluster from it is a major challenge. This paper mainly introduces the acceleration of DNA gene sequence retrieval based on trie. The use of database to retrieve huge gene sequence clusters has encountered a bottleneck in performance, and the retrieval efficiency is becoming more and more slow. When faced with millions of data, it takes a minute to query a gene cluster. When we build a biological gene database, it takes 1-2 minutes to query the matched genes, which is extremely inefficient for user experience or scientific research retrieval. This paper introduces a reasonable use of memory space to build a trie tree with cache to speed up the retrieval of gene sequences.
Analyzing A High Gain, Low Power OTA for Biomedical applications in 180 nm CMOS Technology
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Scholar Research
Published: May 2022

As biopotential signals are having very small frequency variations tens of Hz and micro to millivolts amplitude in the range. While acquiring biopotential signals from a human body, intrusions occur in the acquisition system. Thus for acquiring noise-free signals, the enhanced Biopotential Acquisition unit having a high gain with an improved common-mode rejection ratio readout front-end is designed. To solve mentioned issues, a Fully Differential Two-Stage OTA is introduced in this paper to achieve high DC gain and high Unity-gain frequency. Operational Transconductance Amplifier operates at ± 0.2 V supply voltage, the bias current of 20µA, and achieves a high gain of 74dB. The design comprises a frequency compensation structure by connecting a capacitor across a high voltage stage and the load capacitor is connected across output by following the relation of CC > 0.22 CL. The proposed high gain stage achieves additional gain with reduced noise of 0.2 mV/\(\sqrt{\text{H}\text{z}}\) with a minimal power consumption of 1.9 nW. The analog readout front-end is executed using 180 nm CMOS Technology and utilizes less power, making it ideal for battery-powered devices in Biopotential Acquisition systems.
Brain Tumor Segmentation and Classification using hybrid Deep CNN with LuNet Classifier
Authors: Balamurugan T. , Gnanamanoharan E.
Published: May 2022

The early diagnosis of brain tumors is critical to enhancing patient survival and prospects. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain tumor images must be physically analyzed in this work. As a result, computerized approaches for more precise tumor diagnostics are required. However, evaluating shape, volume, borders, Tumor detection, size, segmentation, and classification remains challenging. This work proposes a hybrid Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) classifier using an enhanced LuNet classifier algorithm in this proposed work. The primary intention of this work is to determine the area of the tumor site and classify brain tumors as benign or malignant. Initially, we split the data using the extended LuNet algorithm. Grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and VGG16 extracted the features, yielding 13 classification features. For pretreatment, the Laplacian of Gaussian filter (LOG) is used. Overall, the proposed approach tries to increase the performance of non-deep learning classifiers. Traditional classifiers are superior deep learning methods because they require fewer training data sets, have lower computing complexity, lower user costs, and are easier to use by people with less training experience. The proposed algorithm achieves a better accuracy rate of 99.7%. Compared to the existing algorithm, the proposed approach outperforms them.
A bibliometric analysis on burn sepsis
Authors: Cao Zhi , Zhang Yu , Luo Jin-Hua , Liao Wen-Qiang , Cheng Xing , Zhan Jian-Hua
Published: May 2022

Background
Sepsis is one of the most common complications in burn patients and causes high morbidity, especially in those with severe burns. Nevertheless, there are no formal criteria for diagnosing and treating burn sepsis. Therefore, we will apply bibliometric analysis to reveal research trends in this field, predict its possible hot spots, and provide new ideas for diagnosing and treating this area of burn sepsis.
Methods
We screened for relevant literature on burn sepsis that met WOS database’s inclusion criteria and analyzed publication trends and research hot spots in related fields using VOSviewer software.
Results
From 1981 to 2022, we screened 2486 documents that met the requirements and analyzed them bibliometrically. The American scholar Herndon DN had a much higher h-index (47) than other authors. Most published, cited, and h-indexed publications in the USA(Np: 1193, Nc: 42154, H: 98). The second most publishing country is China, but the second most cited and h-indexed country is Germany. Burns also outperforms other journals in this field (Np: 376, Nc: 8019, H: 46). “Biomarkers” is a newly emerging keyword (cluster “clinical research,” APY was 2018.16), and clinically relevant research in burn sepsis may be future research trend.
Conclusions
Sepsis in burn patients has unique pathophysiological characteristics and the general diagnostic criteria for sepsis lack specificity. Therefore, we must establish a database and construct an intelligent predictive model to help achieve a more individualized and precise early diagnosis and treatment of burn sepsis. This may also be an important development direction for future research in this field.
Treatment of long-term endophthalmitis developing after intraocular lens implantation in children：a retrospective study
Authors: Zou Chen , Zhang Ting , Wang Xin , Zhuang Hong , Jiang Rui
Published: May 2022

Background
To discussed the risk factor and the management of vitrectomy for long-term endophthalmitis developing after intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in children.
Methods
We retrospectively investigated the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of long-term endophthalmitis developing after IOL implantation in children.
Results
Four eyes of four children were included in the study. The mean time to endophthalmitis development after IOL implantation was 3.0 ± 0.8 years. The corneal or scleral sutures may have been caused the infection. All four patients underwent vitrectomy and received intravitreal antibiotics with or without IOL removal. At the last follow-up, the outcomes were satisfactory; the fundus was clear, the retina remained attached, the visual acuity improved, and there were no severe complications.
Conclusions
Complete vitrectomy in the treatment of long-term endophthalmitis after IOL implantation in children is essential and effective. In the prevention of long-term endophthalmitis, appropriate removal of corneal sutures is critical, and technology of suture-free fixation of IOL is promising.
The impact of oral and oropharyngeal cancer patient’s medical profile on dental treatment needs and treatment-related toxicities. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Rodrigues-Oliveira Leticia , Rivera César , López-Cortés Xaviera A. , Mak Milena Perez , Migliorati Cesar Augusto , Oliveira Maria Cecília Querido , Palmier Natalia Rangel , Gueiros Luiz Alcino , Vargas Pablo Agustin , Brandão Thaís Bianca , Santos-Silva Alan Roger , Prado-Ribeiro Ana Carolina
Published: May 2022

Purpose: To characterize oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOPSCC) patients with dental needs before cancer treatment and to correlate their baseline characteristics with cancer treatment-related toxicities. Methods: A prospective cohort study that recruited OOPSCC patients referred to the Dental Oncology Service at the Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil, for dental treatment between November/2019 and December/2020. Comorbidities, sociodemographic data, medication in use, treatment-related toxicities and altered laboratory tests results were correlated. Results: 110 patients were included. The most common comorbidities reported and altered laboratory results were respectively hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and C-reactive protein, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. Toxicities were progressive over time. There was no correlation between the comorbidities and cancer treatment-related toxicities. There was a positive correlation between medications in use and oral mucositis (OM) and a negative correlation between medications and dysgeusia. OM was associated with altered laboratory findings, including thyroxine (T4) and free thyroxine (FT4) starting at D15; calcium at D5/10/30; urea at D25/30/33-35; creatinine at D15/30; alkaline phosphatase at D20/25; syphilis at D15/30. Family income and housing were OM predictors. Oral candidiasis (OC) was associated with syphilis and HIV at D20. Conclusion: Laboratory findings including altered T4, FT4, urea, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, and syphilis may be useful clinical predictors of OM. Syphilis and HIV may also be considered reliable predictors of OC secondary to OOPSCC treatment. Despite the high frequency of comorbidities and abnormal laboratory results, dental treatment before cancer treatment resulted in no adverse events in our sample.
Remarkable piezocatalytic activity over high percentage 1T phase MoSe2 nanosheets: Insights into the role of phase engineering in piezocatalysis
Authors: Wu Mianmian , Li Nan , Zuo Shixiang , Shen Wenjing , Sun Guifang , Li Qingfei , Shi Minghao , Ma Jiangquan
Published: May 2022

Piezocatalysis is a promising technology to address environmental pollution by converting mechanical energy into chemical energy. Herein, MoSe2 nanosheets with different 1T phase percentages (ranging from 31–80%) were constructed by adjusting hydrothermal temperature. Moreover, the roles of phase engineering in the piezocatalysis were thoroughly investigated by degrading Rhodamine B and reducing Cr (VI) in ultrasonic vibration. The experimental results indicated that MoSe2 with the higher percentage 1T phase contributes to better conductivity, the higher polarization, more active centers and better piezocatalytic performance. In particular, the observed kobs constant and the ultrafast degradation rate k of MoSe2 prepared at 220 ℃ (MoSe2-220) with the highest percentage 1T phase (80%) are the fastest among all reported catalysts to date. The ultrahigh activity is attributed to the establishment of an internal electric field at the 1T and 2H phase boundaries, which drives the segregation of electron-hole pairs in MoSe2-220 nanosheets. Furthermore, ·O2− and ·OH as main reactive species were confirmed and a rational mechanism was finally put forward. This study offers a clear understanding of phase engineering in piezocatalysis and provides an efficiency strategy to construct highly efficient piezocatalysts.
Smartphones and Integrated Control System for Hazardous Materials Transportation
Authors: REIS LUIZ ANTONIO , Pereira Sergio Luiz , Dias Eduardo Mario , Scoton Maria Lidia Rebello Pinho Dias
Published: May 2022

Management solutions for hazardous materials transportation use in-vehicle embedded devices. Smartphones have had powerful edge computational capabilities at extremely feasible costs which encourage the development of many mobile applications, there are many Smartphone-based solutions, including accidents detection, and some improvements can make them useful in the management of hazardous materials transportation. Smartphone sensors associated with mobile applications support real-time tracking of vehicles and facilitate the detection of abnormal conditions. The integration of smartphone information with databases of vehicle traffic monitoring departments increases the speed of detecting potential accidents and enables interaction with drivers to determine transport schedules, restrictions, and possible route changes. The reduced detection time and more telemetry information reduce the effects caused by accidents involving the transport of hazardous materials, such as traffic jams, human health, and environmental damages.
Who is a Migrant? Abandoning the Nation-state Point of View in the Study of Migration
Authors: Scheel Stephan , Tazzioli Martina
Published: May 2022

This article develops an alternative definition of a migrant that embraces the perspective of mobility. Starting from the observation that the term ‘migrant’ has become a stigmatizing label that problematizes the mobility or the residency of people designated as such, we investigate the implications of nation-state centered conceptions of migration which define migration as movement from nation-state A to nation-state B. By asking ‘Who is a migrant in Europe today?’ we show that nation-state centered understandings of migration rest on a deeply entrenched methodological nationalism and implicate three epistemological traps that continue to shape much of research on migration: first, the naturalization of the international nation-state order that results, secondly, in the ontologisation of ‘migrants’ as ready-available objects of research, while facilitating, thirdly, the framing of migration as a problem of government. To overcome these epistemological traps, we develop an alternative conception of migration that, inspired by the autonomy of migration approach, adopts the perspective of mobility while highlighting the constitutive role that nation-states’ bordering practices play in the enactment of some people as migrants. Importantly, this definition allows to turn the study of instances of migrantisation into an analytical lens for investigating transformations in border and citizenship regimes.
Víctimas de guerra y derechos humanos
Authors:   Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, Cortez Néstor
Published: May 2022

Víctimas de guerra y derechos humanos es una compilación que aborda diferentes temáticas relacionadas con problemas sociopolíticos presentes en la particular realidad nacional y regional. En este libro emergen temas sociales que, a manera de evidencias, señalamientos y denuncias, son analizados bajo la lente de las ciencias sociales, en especial desde el campo disciplinar de la psicología social. Aspectos derivados del conflicto armado como la memoria histórica en víctimas de ejecuciones extrajudiciales, el concepto de verdad que construyen las víctimas de crímenes de Estado, las prácticas sociales y organizativas, el duelo como resultado de la desaparición forzada y las migraciones de la población venezolana son tratados desde una perspectiva científica, en un intento juicioso por articular el quehacer de la academia con la sociedad.
Managing change in nature-based tourism: A decision-making model using linear programming
Authors: Shevchenko Hanna , Petrushenko Mykola
Published: May 2022

In conditions of forced isolation, nature-based tourism meets the needs of safe and comfortable recreation and travel combined with the solution of acute issues of medical treatment and rehabilitation during the pandemic and post-pandemic periods. This study aims to develop a model for decision-making on change management in nature tourism based on the approach of linear economic and mathematical programming. The paper formalized changes in the variability of objective function parameters of the model and the system of its restrictions, following the structure of assets of nature-based tourism, balanced by the sustainability principle. The algorithm for implementing the model includes four stages: collection and processing of relevant data on nature-based tourism; considering changes in the objective function and the system of its limitations; linear programming with variability tests using the simplex method; defining ranges/limits in which decisions are made. The initial data are summarized and averaged based on the primary data analysis on the functioning of sanatoriums and other tourist and recreational facilities in Ukraine. Short-term nature-based tourism is considered, the services of which are classified according to the criterion of the primary purpose of travel: “wow-effect” tourism, sports tourism, health tourism, traditional recreation, and green tourism. The results make it possible to substantiate decisions on changes in recreational land areas and human resources, on the limits of changes in income due to the dynamics of service prices, as well as determine the price range while maintaining income structure and sustainability limits for natural and human assets of nature-based tourism.
AcknowledgmentThe paper contains the results of a study conducted under the National Academy of Science of Ukraine’s grant Formation and Use of Natural-Resource Assets of the Recreational and Tourism Sphere (0120U100159) and the Nominal Scholarship of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine for Young Scientists-Doctors of Sciences for 2021 (0121U113482).
How to prevent the fictivization of human capital: the experience of higher education in Poland
Authors: Brintseva Olena
Published: May 2022

Polish experience in the formation and use of human capital in education, the factors of its fictivization in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic was investigated, priority problems were identified (low level of access to quality educational services for the majority of the population; corruption, which creates conditions for obtaining a level of education and qualifications that are not confirmed by real knowledge; there is no culture of lifelong learning; the need to adapt the education system to the conditions of distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, etc.) and the directions of implementation of the Polish experience into the activities of educational institutions in Ukraine. The positions of Ukrainian and Polish universities in international educational rankings as well as the factors that determine them were analyzed. It is determined that in order to limit the processes of fictivization of the human capital, it is necessary, first of all, to: improve the quality of educational services and the competitiveness of universities, increase access to education for various social groups, fight corruption and adapt the education system to distance learning. The development of international cooperation and the expansion of the presence of universities in international rankings is also important; improving the competitiveness of graduates in the domestic and international labour markets; attracting international investment to improve resource provision.
Genome response of hippocampal cells to stress in male rats with different excitability of the nervous system
Authors: Shcherbinina Veronika , Vaido Alexander , Khlebaeva Diana , Dyuzhikova Natalia , Daev Eugene
Published: May 2022

Changes of genome stability in hippocampal cells of male rats with hereditary high and low thresholds of nervus tibialis response to electric stimuli (HT and LT strains, respectively) were studied in unstressed and stressed animals. HT and LT originated from Wistar strain, males of which were also used as a control. The comet assay was used after prolonged emotional painful stressor action. There were no interstrain differences in the spontaneous percentage of DNA in comet tails (tDNA). However, the prolonged emotional pain stressor induced genome instability differently in animals of different strains. The highest level of DNA damage in hippocampal cells was shown in highly sensitive animals of LT strain. Males of Wistar strain had intermediate levels of tDNA, while HT animals had the lowest stress reactivity.
About Serge Prokofiev’s American Tour at the End of 1920
Authors:   Moscow Conservatory, Savkina Natalia P.
Published: May 2022

Prokofiev’s enormous correspondence reflects a universe that is densely populated and reflects the enormous amount of his correspondence. The multifaceted nature of his inner-self is revealed in his letters to different people, which displays great diversity in style. Varied accents and perspectives appear in his letters: some personality traits come forward, new facts emerge, some creative aspects appear in unaccustomed ways. Prokofiev’s fourteen letters to his mother chronologically cover a little more than the last two months out of three that he spent in America in the winter of 1920. One important feature of Prokofiev’s nature is reflected in letters to his mother: passion for travel. He moves constantly and still enjoys a difficult life, full of hassle, on tour. His letters to his mother were sent from the Savoiya crossing the Pacific Ocean, from the train to California, and from New York City, Chicago, Appleton, San Francisco, San Diego, and Los Angeles. These documented sources are interesting not only because of their content. Prokofiev was writing to a person who had almost lost her sight. The composer’s usual briefness of utterance is maximized there. The informational content of this cursive writing is extremely high, and the short messages and postcards written in large round letters condense massive informative layers: the young musician’s life, the staging of his operas (about which he works many angles), tragic backwashes of the Russian history, signals from the past lost in Saint Petersburg flat where his papers had been missed, commissioned and uncommissioned works, an exhibit hall of nearly outlined characters, and a constant lack of money. This is a counterpoint voice to the Diary.
Pier Paolo Pasolini and His Myth: “The Trilogy of Life” Half a Century Later
Authors:   Pushkin Leningrad State University, Foortai Francisca
Published: May 2022

The article attempts to analyze Pasolini’s great trilogy, which includes the films “Decameron”, “Canterbury Tales”, and “Flower of the Thousand and One Nights”, taking into account the distance of half a century. This article shows the multi-layered nature of a great work of art, which serves as the basis for different understandings and evaluations of these works that took place during the life of Pasolini and decades after his tragic and mysterious death. The article also draws attention to difference in the methods of artistic expression between the elements of the literary image (phonemes) and cinematic visuality (kinemas), with which Pasolini experimented. Not agreeing with the established point of view that compares the “Trilogy of Life” with Dante’s division of hell, purgatory, and paradise, the author believes that Pasolini’s films based on literary works are not correctly considered as analogies with the metaphysical, “vertical” journey of Dante to the postmortem worlds. On the contrary, the movements in Pasolini’s trilogy — South, North-West, East — are “horizontal”, terrestrial, and even chronologically almost identical. Pasolini’s “Trilogy of Life” is rather three life modules that a person meets, in which “Decameron” is everyday life in its relationship with art (we see a similar situation in “Andrey Rublev” by A. Tarkovsky). “Canterbury Tales” is an expression of the joy of life associated with the comical nature of human corporeality. “Flower of the Thousand and One Nights” is a dream or tale about conquering love, in the entourage of the charming East, seen through the eyes of a European. This is why these films can rightly be called the “Trilogy of Life”.
Art Magazines of the Era of the Formation of Postmodernism (The Second Half of the 1970s): The Problem of Influence on the Processes in Art. “October”
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Bobrikov Alexey A. ,   Russian Institute of Art History
Published: May 2022

This article examines the influence of art magazines on processes in art of the twentieth century — and the possibility of constructing a typology of periodicals based on this principle. General characteristics of the “magazine of influence” are based on the material of the second half of the twentieth century. The model of this type of periodical is considered on the example of Artforum, the most authoritative magazine of the second half of the 1960s and the first half of the 1970s, whose experience (positive and negative) was used to form the editorial policy of October. From the history of October, the main periodical on contemporary art of the last four decades, the early stage (when its influence was maximum) was selected. The formation of the journal is examined from different points of view. The first point is the art and art history methodologies of the 1960s and the legacy of Artforum associated with the name Rosalind Krauss. The second point, presented by Annette Michelson, refers to the semiotics of French theory and the problem of the “political.” The third subject is built around Douglas Crimp and his curatorial project, the “Pictures” exhibition: this is the newest art (postmodernism of the second half of the 1970s, its specificity, its connection with the “photographic” and postmedial nature of this “photographic”) and the methodology of its analysis. The combination of new art with a journal of a new type (creating an apparatus for its methodological description) creates a situation that allows us to speak about the beginning of a new era, the era of postmodernism, a specific version of conceptual art, where the border between art itself and its critical and theoretical interpretation almost disappears.
The Exhibition “30 Paintings from the Life of Peter the Great”: Memories of the Future
Authors:   State Museum Reserve “Peterhof”, Kalnitskaya Elena Ya.
Published: May 2022

This article discusses the history of the project “30 Pictures from Peter the Great’s Life” on the Field of Mars based on the idea of reconstructing the historical exhibition of 1872, dedicated to bicentenary of Peter I. A systematic analysis of formatting collective memory of the Russian society related to his personality is carried out — from the death of the tsar-reformer to the reign of Emperor Alexander II. Having presented society with a mission of a new understanding of the personality and activities of Peter the Great, the Emperor involved into its fulfillment the leading figures of culture and art and personally took part in organization of the exhibition of historical pictures. The exhibition turned out to be the most important highlight of the holiday, against the backdrop of a real urban environment, and had an enlightening significance. At the same time, it remained neither a part of history of Russian painting, nor of the history of festive culture of Petersburg. The development of the idea of restoration of historical exposition timed to celebration of the 350th anniversary of Peter the Great’s birth is based on revealing fourteen historical canvases in the State Russian Museum depository. Sixteen lost paintings on the subjects specified by the program of this historical project were created by the graduates of St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. Replicating the design of historical expositional pavilions, the authors of the project completed them with modern multimedia effects, which brings the project to a new qualitative level. The project helps to comprehend the development of the festive culture of Petersburg and provides hopes that findings and discoveries of the future will make it possible to represent in art the history of Emperor Peter the Great’s reforms.
Western Prototypes of Ivan Krylov Iconography
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Chernysheva Maria A.
Published: May 2022

The article focuses on selected examples of the 19th century iconography of Ivan Krylov. Depictions of the poet are considered within the representational tradition that originated in the age of Enlightenment and reflected the transformation of writers into public figures and celebrities. This tradition highlighted the growing social influence of writers, as well as the growing power of society, which, regardless of the will of monarchs and state institutions, dictated literary reputations and chose idols for itself. Western prototypes most significant to Krylov’s iconography were the sculptural and pictorial representations of Voltaire acquired by Catherine II, and statues of Walter Scott installed in Scotland shortly after the novelist’s death. The article argues that Nicholas I paid special attention to these latest Scottish monuments when choosing among different concepts for the first monument to Krylov. The portrayals of famous writers evolved in the context of ideas of “great man” and “national poet”. The article examines the semantic variations with which the term “national poet” was used in Russia under Nicholas I. Representations of Krylov are analyzed not only as evidence of his personal literary reputation and public success, but also as markers of social influence that writers as a community were gaining at the time. In Russia, this process was, paradoxically, under the close and effective control of the state and of the tsar personally.
“Mir ist so wunderbar”: Considering Opera Traditions Interaction in “Fidelio” by Beethoven (Modern Musicologists on the Quartet’s Genesis)
Authors:   The Rimsky-Korsakov Saint Petersburg State Conservatory, Logunova Anastasia A.
Published: May 2022

The canon in the first act of “Fidelio” was generally regarded as one of the best moments in the opera from the very beginning of its hard scenic life. While 19th century critics admired the quartet, scholars in the 20th century showed true scientific interest in this ensemble. This attention made Beethoven’s quartet one of the most famous canons in music. The article represents an attempt to summarize modern musicology’s views on the first act quartet of Beethoven’s “Fidelio”. On this basis in the paper are considered the reasons for including such composition in “Fidelio”, its stylistic background, and in general the origins of Viennese late 18th century’s practice of vocal and opera canons as the context for analysis of Beethoven’s quartet. The author lists operas of the Viennese repertoire 1780–1800 with canons (among them, operas by Martíny Soler, Salieri, Mozart, Paёr, and Cherubini) as hypothetical models for Beethoven and also traces the continuation of this tradition in Italian and Russian 19th century opera. Connection of the musical form of canon with ideas of the Enlightenment and figurative and meaningful interpretation of its pastoral tone is considered on the basis of works by Heinrich Schwab, Dorothea Link, and Larisa Kirillina. It is remarkable that the pastoral of the quartet allows a Christian interpretation that makes the “Benedictus” of “Fidelio” genuine. “Mir ist so wunderbar” is considered as an example of Beethoven’s contemplative lyric on the basis of experience of its philosophical-aesthetic comprehension, presented in Russian musicology. In the quartet, Leonore appears in the opera for the first time, and so this article accentuates the central role of this canon for understanding the main figure with all richness of her literary and mythological genealogy.
Raw sewage treatment by a single-stage vertical flow constructed wetland: a case study in Brazil
Authors: Carneiro Mariko. A. , Athayde Junior Gilson B. , Sena Rennio F. , Porto Camila A. , Kohlgrüber Vera
Published: May 2022

This paper evaluates the performance of raw domestic sewage treatment by a single-stage vertical-flow constructed wetland (VFCW) installed in Northeastern Brazil, where sanitation coverage is low. Biological and physicochemical parameters were monitored for 1 year to evaluate the system's performance. The impact of factors such as operational cycle and filter media on VFCW pollutant removal efficiencies was investigated. The means of removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and ammonia were 74.2, 87.9, and 82.1%, respectively. A statistically significant influence (p < 0.05) of substrate material on COD and ammonia removal efficiency was found. Ceramic construction waste media achieved the best performances compared with the traditionally used material and concrete construction waste. Operational cycles of 3.5/7 and 7/14 days of the feeding/resting period did not present a statistically significant influence (p < 0.05) on pollutant removal efficiencies. The single-stage VFCW pilot plant achieved a better global treatment performance than other VFCW reported in the literature; however, it showed a limitation in removing TS. The reduced installation costs, in addition to operation and maintenance simplicity, indicate a potential for single-stage VFCW applicability in the sewage treatment of housing units and small communities in Brazil and possibly in other developing countries in tropical areas.
Development and performance evaluation of SCS-CN based hybrid model
Authors: Upreti Pankaj , Ojha C. S. P.
Published: May 2022

In this study, a hybrid approach has been used to increase the predictive efficiency of the SCS-CN model. A recently proposed Ajmal model (developed after randomized configuration) that ignored initial abstraction and maximum potential retention has been given the conceptual framework of the SCS-CN model and a new outcome-based hybrid model (Miv) was formulated. A total of 78 watersheds (7817 events) were used for calibration and the remaining 36 watersheds (3967 events) for validation to develop this hybrid model. The numerical value of hybrid model parameters Lc, λ and S were calibrated using calibration dataset and a simple non-linear one-parameter model has been developed. The performance of the Ajmal (Miii) and hybrid model (Miv) was compared with the original SCS-CN method (λ = 0.2 as Mi and λ = 0.05 as Mii). The performance of models was compared by using four statistical error indices i.e. RMSE, NSE, PBIAS, and n(t) and applying ranking and grading system (RGS). The mean RMSE, NSE, PBIAS, and n(t) values were found superior for Miv (5.60 mm, 0.71, 6.97%, 1.15) model followed by Miii (5.98 mm, 0.65, 16.52%, 1.01), Mii (6.27 mm, 0.61, 20%, 0.90) and Mi (6.98 mm, 0.46, 24.2%, 0.72) model for tested watersheds. The hybrid model (Miv) exhibited consistently well performance for all size watersheds. On the basis of the agreement between watershed runoff coefficient (C) and calibrated model parameter (Lc or CN), R2 value was found relatively higher for hybrid model (Miv) than other models.
A Concise and Useful Guide to Understand How Alpha1 Adrenoceptor Antagonists Work
Authors: dos Anjos Janaína V. , Araújo Alice V. , da Silva Sidiane B. , Feitosa Sidney G.D. , de L. Alves Silvia M. , Santos Ruth C.A.
Published: May 2022

Adrenoceptors are the receptors for catecholamines, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. They are divided in α (α1 and α2) and β (β1, β2 and β3). α1-adrenoceptors are subdivided in α1A, α1B and α1D. Most tissues express mixtures of α1-adrenoceptors subtypes, which appear to coexist in different densities and ratios, and in most cases, their responses are probably due to the activation of more than one type. The three subtypes of α1-adrenoceptors are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), specifically coupled to Gq/11. Additionally, the activation of these receptors may activate other signaling pathways or different components of these pathways, which leads to a great variety of possible cellular effects. The first clinically used α1 antagonist was Prazosin for Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH). It was followed by its congeners, Terazosin and Doxazosin. Nowadays, there are many classes of α-adrenergic antagonists with different selectivity profiles. In addition to SAH, the α1-adrenoceptors are used to treat Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and urolithiasis. This antagonism may be part of the mechanism of action of tricyclic antidepressants. Moreover, the activation of these receptors may lead to adverse effects such as orthostatic hypotension, similar to what happens with antidepressants and with some antipsychotics. Structure-activity relationships can explain, in part, how antagonists work and how selective they can be for each one of the subtypes. However, it is necessary to develop new molecules which antagonize the α1- adrenoceptors or make chemical modifications in these molecules to improve the selectivity and pharmacokinetic profile and/or reduce the adverse effects of known drugs.
Local Adverse Drug Reactions in Ambulatory Asthma Patients Treated With Inhaled Corticosteroids: An Experience from a South Indian Teaching Hospital
Authors: Parthasarathi Ashwaghosha , Srinivas Sachith , Biligere Siddaiah Jayaraj , Anand Mahesh Padukudru
Published: May 2022

Background:

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) have an essential and established role in the treatment of asthma. Both systemic and local adverse effects may accompany the long-term use of ICS. Systemic adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of ICS are well established. However, there is a pau-city of information on local ADRs, especially in the Indian population.

Objectives:

This study aimed to determine the prevalence, severity, predictability, and preventabil-ity of local ADRs to ICS and their associated risk factors.

Methods:

Patients with asthma who need ICS were enrolled. Study patients were interviewed with open-ended questions to assess local ADRs to ICS at baseline and each follow-up visit, once a month for three months. Causality (Naranjo’s algorithm and WHO scale), severity (Hartwig SC scale), predictability (based on the frequency of occurrence of ADR and history of drug exposure), and preventability (Schumock and Thornton criteria) of local ADRs were assessed. Bivariate analy-sis and subsequently multivariate logistic regression were used to identify the risk factors for local ADRs to ICS.

Results:

A total of 243 patients (134 female) were included in the study. A total of 74 local ADRs were observed in 59 patients (a prevalence of 24.3%). The most common local ADRs included the feeling of thirst (14.8%), followed by cough during inhalation (8.6%) and taste disturbance (4.5%). All ADRs were predictable and mild in severity. Preventability assessment found 85.1% of local ADRs as ‘probably preventable’. Two out of five patients who had ADRs reduced or skipped doses because of the discomfort, despite their physician’s recommendation to continue their regular dose of ICS. Age >41 years, use of MDI without spacer, and use of budesonide were identified as the risk factors for developing ADRs to ICS.

Conclusion:

Local ADRs to ICS were observed in approximately one in four patients with asthma. Two out of five patients who had ADRs reduced or skipped doses. Strategies to prevent local ADRs to ICS should focus on patients aged >41 years, receiving budesonide, and using MDI without a spacer. We need to establish standards on the best practices for preventing ADRs, such as identify-ing the most suited device or ICS that is best tolerated by the individual patient and identifying the least ICS dose that maintains ideal asthma control.
A Glance at the Practice of Pediatric Teledermatology Pre- and Post–COVID-19: Narrative Review
Authors: Long Valencia , Chandran Nisha Suyien
Published: May 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the use of pediatric teledermatology, with centers showing increased uptake of teledermatology. Pediatric patients possess unique characteristics that pose different challenges with teledermatology compared to adults, in turn affecting the feasibility and uptake of pediatric teledermatology in the community.

Objective

This narrative review summarizes the evolution of pediatric teledermatology from pre–COVID-19 pandemic times to the post–COVID-19 period.

Methods

A search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and Embase was performed for original articles written in English and published from December 1, 2019, to April 1, 2022.

Results

A total of 22 publications were included.

Conclusions

Teledermatology will continue to play an increasing role in the management of skin diseases. A mindset shift in the types of conditions deemed suitable for pediatric teledermatology is needed.
Digital Technology and Media Use by Adolescents: Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Moreno Megan A , Binger Kole , Zhao Qianqian , Eickhoff Jens , Minich Matt , Uhls Yalda Tehranian
Published: May 2022

Background

Digital technology and media use is integral to adolescents’ lives and has been associated with both positive and negative health consequences. Previous studies have largely focused on understanding technology behaviors and outcomes within adolescent populations, which can promote assumptions about adolescent technology use as homogeneous. Furthermore, many studies on adolescent technology use have focused on risks and negative outcomes. To better understand adolescent digital technology use, we need new approaches that can assess distinct profiles within study populations and take a balanced approach to understanding the risks and benefits of digital technology use.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to identify profiles of adolescent technology use within a large study population focusing on four evidence-based constructs: technology ownership and use, parental involvement, health outcomes, and well-being indicators.

Methods

Adolescent-parent dyads were recruited for a cross-sectional web-based survey using the Qualtrics (Qualtrics International, Inc) platform and panels. Technology use measures included ownership of devices, social media use frequency, and the Adolescents’ Digital Technology Interactions and Importance scale. Parent involvement measures included household media rules, technology-related parenting practices, parent social media use frequency, and the parent-child relationship. Health outcome measures included physical activity, sleep, problematic internet use, and mental health assessments. Well-being indicators included mental wellness, communication, and empathy. We used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify distinct profile groups across the aforementioned 4 critical constructs.

Results

Among the 3981 adolescent-parent dyads recruited, adolescent participants had a mean age of 15.0 (SD 1.43) years; a total of 46.3% (1842/3981) were female, 67.8% (2701/3981) were White, and 75% (2986/3981) lived in a household with an income above the poverty line. The LCA identified 2 discrete classes. Class 1 was made up of 62.8% (2501/3981) of the participants. Class 1 participants were more likely than Class 2 participants to report family-owned devices, have lower technology importance scores, have household technology rules often centered on content, have positive parent relationships and lower parent social media use, and report better health outcomes and well-being indicators.

Conclusions

Findings from this national cross-sectional survey using LCA led to 2 distinct profile groups of adolescent media use and their association with technology use and parent involvement as well as health and well-being outcomes. The two classes included a larger Class 1 (Family-Engaged Adolescents) and a smaller Class 2 (At-Risk Adolescents). The findings of this study can inform interventions to reinforce positive technology use and family support.
Quality of Late-Life Depression Information on the Internet: Website Evaluation Study
Authors: Pryor Teaghan A M , Reynolds Kristin A , Kirby Paige L , Bernstein Matthew T
Published: May 2022

Background

The internet can increase the accessibility of mental health information and improve the mental health literacy of older adults. The quality of mental health information on the internet can be inaccurate or biased, leading to misinformation.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the quality, usability, and readability of websites providing information concerning depression in later life.

Methods

Websites were identified through a Google search and evaluated by assessing quality (DISCERN), usability (Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool), and readability (Simple Measure of Gobbledygook).

Results

The overall quality of late-life depression websites (N=19) was adequate, and the usability and readability were poor. No significant relationship was found between the quality and readability of the websites.

Conclusions

The websites can be improved by enhancing information quality, usability, and readability related to late-life depression. The use of high-quality websites may improve mental health literacy and shared treatment decision-making for older adults.