bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possible environmental solutions to oil spills in the Black Sea due to the Russian invasion (on the examples of the U.S. and international experience dealing with oil spills)
Authors: Astasheva O. , Cheban V.
Published: February 2023

The Black Sea is an inland sea, that is basically isolated from the World Ocean. Even though it is connected only with the Mediterranean Sea through the Turkish Straits, the Black Sea is very environmentally vulnerable. Armed conflict invariably has a negative impact on nature. Oil spills that happened because of Russian invasion have radically changed the ecosystems of the Black Sea, and subsequently seriously threatened its biodiversity, and ecosystem as a whole. During the last 20-30 years, even before the full-scale Russian invasion, specialists of the Ukrainian Scientific Center for Marine Ecology, together with the EMBLAS project, were deeply worried about changes in the Black Sea [1].

            Even more rapid change in the Black Sea ecosystem happened in June 2022 when Russian forces used two anti-ship missiles to target an abandoned cargo tanker adrift in the northern Black Sea. The vessel was loaded with around 600 tons of diesel fuel. The abandoned tankers, with thousands of barrels of diesel fuel, constituted an “environmental time bomb [2].” 

            As to the existing framework, in 1992, six coastal countries (Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, the Russian Federation, Turkey and Ukraine) signed and ratified the Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea from Pollution. Since then, the Black Sea Pollution Protection Commission has been responsible for the sustainable management of the Black Sea. The real effectiveness of this Commission turned out to be very low considering the fact that not a single act was adopted for the preservation of the Black Sea in terms of Russian invasion since February 24th 2022.

            Indeed, there is some legal protection for nature under the laws of armed conflict too, although these laws are ambiguous and have strict limitations. For instance, there is a set of Draft Principles for environmental preservation in relation to armed conflict, which was just adopted by the UN International Law Commission. 

            Thus, in the absence of adequate international mechanisms to address oil spills immediately, it is worth to take into account well established US Response System as the federal government mechanism to respond to discharges of oil into navigable waters of the US. While this system functions through a cooperative network of federal, state, and local agencies, Ukraine lacks this coordinated cooperation, and cannot respond properly to the significant contamination of the Black Sea.

            Thus, we will reveal the existing international mechanisms to combat oil spills. Then, we will mainly focus on US Governing policies that deal with oil spills on the Exxon Valdez oil spill example, applying it to the existing policies in Ukraine.
Administrative and legal characteristics of the concept of "mobbing"
Authors: Dudko A. , Strelchenko O.
Published: February 2023

The article examines the administrative and legal characteristics of the concept of "mobbing". The legal literature on the genesis of "mobbing" in Ukrainian society was reviewed and analyzed. The concept of "mobbing" in Ukraine, which can be conscious (deliberate) and unconscious (spontaneous), was characterized by analyzing the source base. It was determined that mobbing is psychological terror against an employee, which can take both rude, overt forms and veiled forms. It can also be expressed in the creation of coalitions against mobbing, which is undesirable from the point of view of the subjects of mobbing - in fact, mobbers (individuals or, more often, companies of persecutors) of a team member who "work" to disorient the victim, disturb his mental balance, push him to making wrong decisions in a situation of prolonged stress, which is achieved by distorting or broadcasting ambiguous messages addressed to her, spreading dirty rumors about the employee's personal life, which also affect his business reputation, etc.

The essence and socio-legal nature of mobbing (harassment) was analyzed, which made it possible to assert that the legislative consolidation of "mobbing" is essential for the anti-mobbing program in Ukraine. However, there are significant shortcomings that limit the activity of authorized bodies to bring a person to responsibility and correctly qualify an act that falls under the signs of an offense. Conclusions have been made regarding the fact that Ukraine has taken a big step towards the fight against mobbing by introducing appropriate legal responsibility, including administrative.

A separate definition of "mobbing" is proposed as a targeted long-term (systematic) psychological and/or economic pressure applied to an employee within the framework of employment relations, with the aim of causing certain harm to the employee and creating appropriate conditions for him to resign from his position.
Obligation according to G. W. F. Hegel’ Doctrine
Authors: Popovych T.
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the nature of the category of  obligation according to the doctrine of the German philosopher G. W. F. Hegel. The author emphasizes that using the two concepts "obligation" (Verpflichtung) and "duty" (Pflicht), G.V.F. Hegel believes that the first has a legal basis, while the second has a moral basis. The key difference between them is the presence of a certain mindset, that is, a subjective belief, setting. As for the categories "right" and "obligation", they eventually merge in the thinker and they are formally identified (who has no rights, has no obligations), condition and predict each other (although the scientist  emphasizes their content difference). The factor of such value identification and fusion is mediation, that is, the presence of a certain external reality, thanks to which the right turns into an obligation, and the obligation into a right. In the relationship between the concepts of freedom and obligation, the role of the necessary condition for the existence of affirmative freedom is assigned to the obligation. After all, the obligation, in fact, is not a limitation of freedom, but only of its abstraction.

At the same time, the obligation according to G. W. F. Hegel’ doctrine is closely intertwined with a number of ethical categories - good, conscience, virtue, etc. Good is the universal goal of the world and human activity in particular, and therefore it is the goal of setting and fulfilling obligations. Virtue is the state of a person for whom obligation has become a substantial attribute of his existence. Whereas conscience is a kind of "path" to understanding obligation and good.

And finally, the philosopher is convinced that individuals have obligations towards the state to the same extent that they have rights. The internal strength of the state lies in the concept of the unity of obligation and right. The formula of the abstract universal obligation is reduced to the need to sacrifice oneself for the sake of preserving the individuality of the state. While maintaining the dominance of the whole (the state) over the part (the individual), the scientist, nevertheless, tries to show that the special interest of the individual should not be rejected, but also taken into account, to some extent adapted to the interests of the whole, collective, general. And it is possible in such a combination to achieve the dreamed good - both individual and social.
Problem issues of normative definition facility of unvoluntarily leaving a military unit or place of service
Authors: Lenda O.
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the normative definition object of the criminal offense provided for in Art. 407 Criminal of the Code of Ukraine "Arbitrary abandonment of a military unit or place services". It is noted that the generic object of criminal offenses against the established order of placement of military service is provided for by law, the procedure for entering or completing military service.

The multifacetedness of normative and legal acts that determine the procedure for military service, the rights and obligations of servicemen is emphasized: laws of Ukraine, regulations on military service by relevant categories of servicemen, other normative and legal acts. The essence of military service as a state service of a special nature is analyzed, which consists in the professional activity of citizens of Ukraine suitable for it in terms of health and age (with the exception of cases specified by law), foreigners and stateless persons, related to the defense of Ukraine, its independence and territorial integrity.

On the basis of the analysis of normative legal acts, it was determined that military duty is established for the purpose of preparing citizens of Ukraine for the defense of the Motherland, providing personnel for the Armed Forces of Ukraine, other military formations formed in accordance with the laws of Ukraine, as well as special law enforcement agencies, positions in which are staffed by military personnel.

It has been proven that conscripts and reservists have passed training (or inspection) meetings. The legally fixed moments of the beginning and end of military service are indicated.

Attention is focused on the need to recognize as a generic object the voluntary abandonment of a military unit or place of service (Article 407 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) and the order of passing and the order of military service, since these concepts are organically interconnected. It was concluded that the term "military service" is a narrower concept than "military service".
Juvenile victim in criminal proceedings: ensuring the right to representation and communication
Authors: Rakipova І. , Chernomorchenko K.
Published: February 2023

The juvenile victim is one of the least protected participants in criminal proceedings, in connection with which the doctrine proposes to provide by law for cases of mandatory participation in the process of the victim's representative to protect the rights and legitimate interests of the juvenile victim. Also expand the list of cases where the court may decide to consider criminal proceedings in closed session, including criminal proceedings in which the victim is a minor and expand the content of specialization of judges in criminal proceedings against minors, including criminal proceedings in which juvenile victims are involved.

We also believe that lawyers who represent the interests of children should be educated and aware of children's rights and related issues, receive ongoing and in-depth training, and be able to communicate with children at their level of understanding.

In our opinion, criminal proceedings in which a minor is a victim should be carried out by a judge authorized in accordance with the Law of Ukraine “On the Judiciary and the Status of Judges” to conduct criminal proceedings against minors.

We believe that there may be cases (for example, violent criminal offenses) when re-examination in court may be excessively traumatic for the juvenile victim. In such a case, such a victim should not be knowingly subjected to secondary victimization by an appropriate judicial action. It is possible to interrogate a minor victim with the participation of the court during the pre-trial investigation in order to properly procedurally record his testimony, which can be used during the trial, according to the rules provided for in Art. 225 of the CCP.
Regarding the expediency of introducing mandatory insurance of civil liability of a lawyer
Authors: Zaborovskyy V.
Published: February 2023

This article is devoted to the disclosure of questions regarding the expediency of introducing into the national legislation a provision on the insurance of the civil liability of the lawyer, in particular, through the prism of voluntariness or obligation to establish it.

Within the scope of this article, different approaches of domestic and foreign scientists regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the lawyer's civil liability insurance institute were investigated. The points of view of legislators of foreign countries regarding the necessity of voluntary or mandatory nature of its consolidation are also analyzed.

The position is argued, according to which, first of all, taking into account the fact that for most foreign countries civil liability insurance of lawyers is actually an everyday norm that ensures the proper functioning of the legal profession as a whole, we consider it expedient to enshrine provisions on this type of insurance at the legislative level in Ukraine as well.

Attention is focused on the fact that the introduction of the lawyer's civil liability insurance institute is directly aimed at protecting his interests, but this institute also plays an important role in defending the interests of the lawyer's clients, who constantly need professional legal assistance in the implementation of their rights and legitimate interests.

To achieve the goal, the author used methods characteristic of legal science. The research was conducted primarily using the system-structural and comparative-legal method, as well as the dialectical method of learning legal reality.

Based on the conducted research, the author concludes that the introduction of this institute should establish additional guarantees of providing professional legal assistance by a lawyer at the appropriate level in order to ensure the realization of the rights and legitimate interests of his clients.
Human rights education for representatives of legal professions: international legal aspect
Authors: Syroid T. , Fomina L.
Published: February 2023

The article analyzes the provisions of international legal acts at the universal and regional levels (Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966, Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers of 1990, Committee of Ministers Recommendation Rec (2004) 4 to member states on the European Convention on Human Rights in university education and professional training etc.) regarding education in the field of human rights for representatives of legal professions. It is noted that representatives of legal professions who are at the center of human rights protection should be able to obtain high-quality education in the field of human rights in order to effectively perform their human rights function and prevent human rights violations. Human rights education programs were described (the UN World Programme for Human Rights Education, Council of Europe Programme for Human Rights Education for Legal Professionals). It is indicated that the UN World Programme for Human Rights Education consists of a number of stages aimed at specific issues: the first stage (2005-2009) was aimed at including human rights in the educational program of primary and secondary schools; the second stage (2010-2014) was dedicated to education in the field of human rights in the higher education system and professional training programs for teachers, lecturers, civil servants, law enforcement officers and military personnel; the third stage (2015-2019) was aimed at employees of mass media, and the fourth stage (2020-2024) identified youth as the target group. It is noted that the Council of Europe Programme for Human Rights Education for Legal Professionals (HELP) consists in strengthening the potential of judges, lawyers and prosecutors, etc. on the application of European standards in the field of human rights through online courses that cover a range of topics in this field.
Standards of the European Union (DCFR) in the sphere of regulation of non-contractual ob-ligations and problems of their harmonization in the inheritance law of Ukraine
Authors: Tsybulska O.
Published: February 2023

Within the scope of this article, an analysis of the situation existing in the field of unification of those norms of national law of Ukraine, which directly regulate non-contractual obligations arising as a result of the death of a natural person, or his recognition as deceased in the field of inheritance law, is carried out. The specified non-contractual obligations in inheritance law are possible thanks to the structure known in Roman law as "legatum", and, quite successfully, entered into the current private law of most countries of the European space. In the civil legislation of Ukraine, this construction is called "testamentary disclaimer", it is an order of the testator, which is established in the will, and provides for the possibility of imposing on the heirs under the will the obligation to realize certain property benefits for the benefit of third parties - beneficiaries.

Similar constructions are provided for by private law codifications of other European states, including the states that are members of the European Union. At the same time, despite the similarity of the legal nature of this institution, as of today, there is no single legal mechanism in the legal regulation of legal relations that are similar in nature in this area.

At the same time, it is appropriate to consider the Project of a common reference scheme, which includes principles, concepts and model rules of European private law (Principles, Definitions and Model Rules of European Private Law. Draft Common Frame of reference (DCFR).

In the work, the types of non-contractual constructions provided for by the DCFR are formed, distinguished and analyzed, primarily, their dialectical classification, architecture and place in the system of inheritance law. Emphasis is placed on rethinking and solving some problems in the inheritance law of Ukraine, from the point of view of new world realities.
System of protection of rights and freedoms human and citizens: doctrinal principles
Authors: Byelov D. , Bielova M.
Published: February 2023

It is indicated that the formation of modern institutions of civil society and the development of a social and legal state require significant changes in the organization and activity of the entire system of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine. The effective activity of law enforcement agencies of our country is a necessary condition for protecting the constitutional system, ensuring legality and law and order, and observing the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen. That is why the work examines the modern system of protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms. The author draws attention to the doctrinal aspects of building a domestic human rights protection mechanism. An analysis of individual decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine on the subject under study is provided.

The authors conclude that the constitutional system of protection of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen is an important and, in fact, a defining component of the state-wide system of constitutional law of Ukraine, as it exerts a system-forming influence on other elements (fundamentals) of the constitutional system of our state. All the elements of the constitutional system of protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms reflected in the Constitution of Ukraine, despite the direct effect of constitutional norms and their application throughout the country, require legislative specification and development. The detailing of various components of the constitutional system for the protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms contributes to the formation of relatively independent blocs, including the human rights and law enforcement system of Ukrainian society and the state. The constitutional system of protection of the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen in Ukraine is generally quite extensive, the main elements of which are its subjects, objects, principles, as well as guarantees of the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen. At the same time, in the studied system, the subjects are the main ones, because they are the generators of social activity, activity, the bearer of interest and a participant in social relations.
The transformation of carceral practices in Pennsylvania: from William Penn's Great Law to the Penitentiary House at Walnut Street Prison
Authors: Sokalska O.
Published: February 2023

The article analyzes the transformation of carceral practices in Pennsylvania (1682–1790) in the context of changes in criminal laws: from the formal consolidation in the Code of Laws of 1682 of reformatories with hard labor to the organization in Philadelphia in 1790 of the first penitentiary house with a regime of solitary confinement.

It is defined that before the states gained independence, correctional houses, if they functioned in some cities, then as institutions of forced labor and the purpose of correction was not before them. The Revolutionary War for Independence had a decisive impact on the reform of the penal system, which resulted in the adoption of the state constitution, which contained a prescription to revise the penal system. The Criminal Law of 1786 established the main punishment for serious crimes as imprisonment combined with hard labour, but the regime of imprisonment did not change in any way, and public hard labour was recognized as ineffective.

It is established that the main actors in the further search for a model of serving a sentence of imprisonment in Pennsylvania were members of the Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons. The main steps of the reformers in 1788-1790 were aimed at introducing legislative changes in the field of execution of punishments with an emphasis on solitary confinement based on the practical experience of reformatories in England and prison theory. As a result of the Society's initiatives, in 1790, An Act to reform the penal laws of the state was adopted, in which the main elements of the sentencing regime were hard labor and unremitted solitude in order to correct criminals and prevent new crimes. For this purpose, it was prescribed to build a separate building with single cells in the yard of Walnut Street Prison for the detention of dangerous criminals. The law established a mechanism for control and supervision of the prison, as well as regulated the regime principles of serving the sentence, which were largely borrowed from the experience of English workhouses.
Penggunaan media sosial dalam meningkatkan literasi kesehatan di “Ayah ASI Indonesia”
Authors: Mananohas Andy , Rachmawati Tine Silvana , Anwar Rully Khairul
Published: February 2023

The lack of information about breast milk is caused by the social media that tend to focus the information toward mothers, not to fathers or husbands. “Ayah ASI Indonesia” is a health information center on breast milk and breast-feeding that aims to fathers which uses social media to distribute the information. This study aims to identify and to comprehend the use of social media in increasing health literacy of husbands by Ayah ASI. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and literature study. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique includes data reduction, data presentation, and creating conclusions. The informants of this study consisted of several founders and members of Ayah ASI Indonesia. The results of this research show that Ayah ASI Indonesia uses various existing social media. In terms of increasing health literacy, Ayah ASI Indonesia has able able to assess collected information and then distributed them to its target as a form of developing health information. It is concluded that Ayah ASI Indonesia, by using social media has succeded to ask the fathers of husbands to actively support their wives. It is suggested that Ayah ASI Indonesia to continue providing health information in improving health literacy to fathers, especially prospective fathers who need health information to support breastfeeding mothers.
El movimiento zapatista y la transición democrática en México: Oportunidades para la movilización, el éxito y la supervivencia. Una revisión.
Authors: Zamora Lomelí Carla Beatriz
Published: February 2023

Se presenta la reseña de libro El movimiento zapatista y la transición democrática en México: Oportunidades para la movilización, el éxito y la supervivencia (Inclán, 2021), que trata del análisis de la estructura de oportunidades políticas para el movimiento indígena insurgente radicado en el estado de Chiapas, y cómo ocurrió el cierre de oportunidades para obtener el éxito de las demandas políticas referidas a las reforma constitucional en materia de derechos y cultura indígena. A partir de la conclusión que apunta al cierre de oportunidades políticas y la tendencia del movimiento hacia la red de solidaridad transnacional, se visualizan nuevas líneas de investigación e interrogantes que abre el texto.
Methods for Measuring Potential Bankruptcy of Sharia Banking
Authors: Ridwan Mukminati , Pagalung Gagaring , Kara Muslimin
Published: February 2023

This study aims to examine the methods that can be used to measure bankruptcy in sharia banking. This study is also to examine the potential for bankruptcy which is most effectively used. The method used is descriptive qualitative method with a literature approach. The results showed that of the six bank measurement methods, all of them could not be used to measure bankruptcy in Sharia banking without being modified first. This is because all methods have constituent elements based on interest and taxes. All methods can be used when eliminating the elements of interest and taxes. However, based on the research, it was found that the most widely used method to measure bankruptcy is the Altman Z-Score model, but the Springate S-score is the most effective in detecting the bankruptcy of Sharia banking in Indonesia.
The Impact of Merger Bank Syariah Indonesia Policy on The Work Ethic at BSI Megamas Boulevard Manado
Authors: Samad Telsy , Muttaqin Zein
Published: February 2023

The Indonesian Sharia Bank merger policy is a major momentum in the development of Islamic banking and finance in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the impact of the merger policy of Bank Syariah Indonesia on work ethic. By using qualitative research methods, this study seeks to carefully describe the impact of the merger of Bank Syariah Indonesia on the work ethic of BSI employees in the Megamas Boulevard area of ​​Manado. The findings of this study reveal that BSI's merger policy has a positive impact on several aspects of the 6 out of 8 professional work ethos mentioned by Johnson, Mr. Ethos in Indonesia, namely in the aspect of Work is Trust, Work is Actualization, Work is Art, Work is Honor, Work is a Call, and Work is Service. This certainly indicates that the merger policy carried out by BSI has resulted in increased interest, enthusiasm, and work ethic among employees at BSI Megamas Boulevard Manado. The other 2 ethos, namely Work is Grace and Work is Worship, did not significantly impact changes related to the work ethic of BSI employees. So it can be concluded that the overall merger policy of Bank Syariah Indonesia has a positive impact on the work ethic of BSI employees in Megamas Boulevard Manado.
Marketing Mix: Costumer Decisions in Choosing Simpeda Savings at Sulselbar Bank
Authors: Mahmud Amir , Nurmiati
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini berangkat dari permasalahan bahwa apakah marketing mix berpengaruh secara simultan dan parsial terhadap keputusan nasabah menggunakan prosuk simpeda. Tujuannya adalah  mengetahui   dan   menganalisis seberapa besar   pengaruh   bauran   pemasaran   (7P)   terhadap   keputusan nasabah dalam memilih Produk SIMPEDA pada PT. Bank Sulselbar Cabang Utama Mamuju dan variabel yang paling dominan. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah kuantitaif. Teknik penarikan sampel adalah sampling insidental dengan jumlah 100  responden.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara simultan variabel  produk, harga, tempat, promosi,   orang, bukti fisik dan proses berpengaruh positif dan signifikan  terhadap  keputusan  nasabah dalam memilih Tabungan SIMPEDA pada PT. Bank Sulselbar Cabang Utama Mamuju. Sementara Hasil Uji T menunjukkan bahwa  variabel  produk,  harga,  promosi dan  proses masing-masing  secara  parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan. Sementara variabel tempat, orang dan bukti fisik secara parsial tidak berpengaruh dan tidak signifikan. Adapun variabel yang mendominasi yaitu promosi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan dalam memilih Tabungan SIMPEDA pada PT. Bank Sulselbar Cabang Utama Mamuju.
Study of Student Islamic Financial Literacy Levels At Islamic College
Authors: Rafidah  , Subhan Muhammad , Amrullah
Published: February 2023

Rendahnya Literasi Keuangan Syariah pada beberapa mahasiswa semester VI Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis UIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi sangat perlu diperhatikan karena berada pada kategori 50 % - 59 %. dalam memahami akad mudharabah, asuransi syariah terkait tentang produk asuransi syariah, manfaat dan konsep resiko, serta pemahaman investasi syariah. Hal ini akan berpengaruh pada inklusi keuangan syariah berdampak pada perkembangan keuangan syaraiah dalam  jangka panjang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriftif kuantitatif, populasi berjumlah 577 orang dan sampel sebanyak 100 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan angket penelitian kepada mahasiswa semester VI Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis UIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi, adapun hasil penelitian  menunjukkan literasi keuangan untuk aspek Pengetahuan keuangan syariah dasar yaitu 81%, menunjukkan pemahaman tentang dasar dasar keuangan syariah sudah baik. Namun untuk aspek pemahaman tentang tabungan dan pinjaman , asuransi syariah , investasi syariah masih pada kategori sedang karena masih pada angka  68,8% - 77,8 %. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa masih sangat diperlukan peningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang lembaga keuangan syariah dalam hal ini tentang perbankan syariah, asuransi syariah dan pasar modal syariah. Upaya peningkatan literasi keuangan syariah dengan beberapa kegiatan seperti: Sosialisasi tentang Perbankan Syariah dan asuransi syariah, adanya workshop atau seminar, kompetisi tentang Lembaga Keuangan Syariah.
Síntesis, caracterización y evaluación de ferritas de metales alcalinotérreos para la producción fotocatalítica de hidrógeno a partir de agua
Authors:   , Medina Mendoza Manuel
Published: February 2023

Se estudiaron las ferritas de metales alcalinotérreos MgFe₂O₄, CaFe₂O₄ y BaFe₂O₄ como materiales fotocatalíticos en la producción de hidrógeno a partir de la ruptura de la molécula del agua. En este proyecto de investigación se exploraron los métodos de síntesis suaves: co-precipitación, dispersión y secado de hidróxidos, descomposición térmica de nitratos y el del complejo. Se obtuvieron sus fases cristalinas puras, se determinó que el método “one-pot” del complejo del malato-nitrato fue el más adecuado, se realizó un estudio para establecer condiciones de calcinación a través del Análisis Termogravimétrico de sus precursores para evitar pérdida de material por autocombustión. Se establecieron los menores tiempos y temperaturas necesarias para obtener las fases puras de acuerdo con su análisis por Difracción de Rayos X. Los resultados de su caracterizaron por Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido, Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión y Fisisorción de Nitrógeno indicaron que MgFe₂O4 es un material poroso, mientras que CaFe₂O₄ y BaFe₂O₄ son no porosos y están formadas por la presencia de aglomeraciones sinterizadas. Los tamaños de partículas de los polvos obtenidos van desde las decenas de nm a las decenas de micras y son nanocristalinos. También se llevó a cabo su Análisis Elemental. A fin de determinar la región del espectro electromagnético en que son activas se caracterizaron por Espectroscopía de Reflectancia Difusa UV-Vis para determinar su “Band Gap” (ancho de banda prohibido), se obtuvieron valores que indicaron que tenían potencial para ser empleadas en la fotoproducción de Hidrógeno. Una de las aportaciones importantes de esta investigación es que por primera vez se reportó de manera clara el modelo de transición de “Band Gap” para BaFe₂O₄. El desempeño fotocatalítico de estos materiales se evaluó en la producción de hidrógeno, se discutieron los resultados obtenidos y se compararon con lo reportado, de acuerdo con lo obtenido en este trabajo BaFe₂O₄ es un material fotocatalítico alternativo al TiO₂ en la producción de hidrógeno a partir de agua.
Compared Structural Behavior Study for Basic Lamellar Springs Shapes
Authors: Aignatoaie Mihail
Published: February 2023

Springs are common machine elements usually designed by use of analytic calculus adapted to a wide variety of geometrical shapes. Lamellar springs could have rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal and elliptical shapes. The paper presents a comparison of the distribution of some components of deformation and stress for all the mentioned spring shapes. The study was performed by use of FEA within the CAELINUX package. For the rectangular case comparison of Strength of materials vs. FEA results was performed.
A Study on the Synthesis of 2D Profiles for Cycloidal Discs Used in Cycloidal Reducers
Authors: Horodincă Mihăiţă , Bumbu Eduard Neculai , Munteanu Adriana , Chitariu Dragoş Florin , Chifan Florin
Published: February 2023

This paper proposes a simple approach on the synthesis of the 2D profiles for the rotors of cycloidal reducers. A 2D rotor (or cycloidal disc) profile (as a complex closed curve) can be defined (as an alternative to the strictly mathematical definition) as the internal bordered envelope of the family of 2D profiles of the stator (or ring gear) obtained with the stator movable (for at least a completely rotation) around the fixed rotor (or planetary gear) by respecting the gearing conditions inside a cycloidal reducer. The more 2D profiles of the stator are used the more accurate definition of 2D rotor profile is obtained. The finding of x, and y-coordinates of the points involved in the description of this 2D rotor profile is by far the most complicated problem to solve in the manufacturing of this type of reducer, the behavior and performances of the cycloidal reducer drastically depends by the accuracy of this profile. The results of this study can be easy applied in practice.
Employng Reworking Areas to Reduce the Cost
Authors: Rădulescu Bruno , Rădulescu Mara-Cristina
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the difference between the ways in which technology can be used to reduce manufacturing time, increasing quality and productivity at the same time. All this has results in a saving of energy, labor and resources in general.
Methodological Approaches to the Design of a Mobile Test Facility Simulating the Outer Space
Authors: Kuleshov N. , Kravchenko S. , Blumbergs I. , Kubulins R. , Shestakov V.
Published: February 2023

The article presents the results of the analysis of methodological approaches to the development of a mobile space simulator test facility following a low-budget project under the conditional name Metamorphosis. The project was performed at the Institute of Aeronautics of Riga Technical University together with Cryogenic and Vacuum Systems Ltd., a company specializing in the development and production of vacuum and cryogenic equipment, with extensive experience in creating technologies used in space research, and development and exploitation of the space environment simulation. The main aim of the study is to find an inexpensive outer space simulator test facility. The study shows that the liquid helium, hydrogen, and neon are significantly more expensive substances than liquid nitrogen, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid ammonia, and organic refrigerants (as well as equipment for their liquefaction). It is desirable to consider a nitrogen system for cooling the workspace due to the physical properties of nitrogen and cheap refrigerants for a projected low-cost simulator test facility. The description of the systems that should be included in the projected mobile space simulator is provided in the article. A generalized scheme of the simulator based on a cryogenic system is also presented.
The complex interplay between right ventricular dysfunction and atrial fibrillation – a narrative review
Authors: Vijan Ancuta , Daha Ioana Cristina , Delcea Caterina , Dan Gheorghe-Andrei
Published: February 2023

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common sustained arrhythmias in clinical practice, associated with multiple comorbidities and complication. The potential predictors of AF onset and perpetuation or specific drivers of complications need future investigation. Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction plays an important role in the development of new-onset AF warranting in-depth analysis in relation to AF. RV may play a significant role in a better characterization of the cardiac substrate of AF patients. The relation between RV dysfunction and AF is bidirectional as AF may be one of the causes of RV dysfunction and their coexistence worsens the overall patient prognosis. Our aim is to present in a narrative review the most relevant data regarding the complex relationship between AF and RV dysfunction.
BUCKLING OF SHALLOW SHELLS OF DOUBLE CURVATURE STIFFENED BY RIBS FROM THE OUTSIDE
Authors: Semenov Alexey
Published: February 2023

The results of a computational experiment on the analysis of the effectiveness of placing stiffeners on the outer side of the shell structure are presented. The calculations were carried out on the basis of a geometrically nonlinear mathematical model that takes into account transverse shears and orthotropy of the material. The calculation algorithm is based on the Ritz method and the method of continuing the solution with respect to the best parameter. To take into account stiffeners, the refined discrete method, proposed by the author earlier, is used. Shallow shells of double curvature are analyzed. The structures are made of steel and are simply supported, the stiffening ribs are arranged orthogonally. The values of critical buckling loads are presented. The effectiveness of the location of the stiffeners on the outer side of the shell structure is shown. It is revealed that the location of the ribs on the outside increases the value of the critical buckling load.
PEMBUATAN MINUMAN HERBAL JAHE SERBUK DAN NATA LIDAH BUAYA DARI TANAMAN OBAT KELUARGA (TOGA) DI NAGARI SIKUCUR KECAMATAN V KOTO KAMPUNG DALAM KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN
Authors: Hefni Dira , Suharti Netty , Srangenge Yoneta
Published: February 2023

TOGA (Tanaman Obat Keluarga) merupakan jenis tanaman yang dibudidayakan di sekitarhalaman atau pekarangan rumah serta memiliki fungsi sebagai tanaman obat. TOGA dapat dimanfaatkanuntuk mengurangi penggunaan obat modern yang cenderung mahal dan memiliki banyak efek samping.Keberadaan TOGA di lingkungan rumah sangat penting. Penggunaan TOGA pada swamedikasimemberikan solusi murah, cepat, dan nyaman dalam mengatasi penyakit ringan. Penyuluhan dan edukasikepada masyarakat terkait pemanfaatan tumbuhan TOGA diharapkan akan mendorong masyarakat “backto nature”, serta dapat mengoptimalkan peranan tumbuhan yang ada di sekitar mereka sebagai TOGAuntuk pengobatan mandiri. Masyarakat di Nagari Sikucur Kampung Dalam Padang Pariaman padaumumnya memiliki lahan yang sudah ditanami dengan TOGA namun pemanfaatannya masih belumoptimal dikarenakan kurangnya pengetahuan, edukasi, dan sosialisasi pada masyarakat tersebut. Tujuankegiatan ini adalah untuk memberikan pemahaman dan pengetahuan pada masyarakat mengenaipenggunaan, pengolahan, dan pemanfaatan TOGA sebagai minuman herbal yang bermanfaat bagikesehatan secara baik dan benar. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan metode pelatihan melalui dua tahapanyaitu 1) Penyuluhan tentang pemanfaatan Tanaman Obat Keluarga (TOGA) sebagai minuman herbal, 2)Demonstrasi pengolahan TOGA menjadi minuman herbal. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah ibu-ibu diNagari Sikucur Kampung Dalam Padang Pariaman mendapatkan informasi dan pengetahuan tentangmanfaat dan pelatihan pengolahan TOGA menjadi minuman herbal dalam bentuk serbuk dari jahe danminuman segar dari lidah buaya serta dapat membuatnya secara mandiri.
A concise study on the floral biology of Thevetia peruviana morphovariants
Authors: Nesy E. A. , Mathew Lizzy
Published: February 2023

Thevetia peruviana, an ornamental medicinal plant of the family Apocynaceae blooms in different colour shades of yellow, orange and white, and is considered morphological replicas of its original parental type. A concise morpho-anatomical study has been carried out on the floral biology of these three morphovariants emphasizing biometrics of various floral parts, the architecture of corolla tube and corolline corona, adnation of anther stigmatic head complex and ovule to embryo formation, using the hand as well as microtome sections, to analyze the similarities and differences among these specimens. Appendiculate and smooth walled hairs in corolla tube, germination of pollen grains in a lateral stigmatic notch, appression of anther lobes on 10-lobed incompletely fused stigma, triaperturate pollen grains, ovule developmental stages, entry of pollen tube into ovule, attachment of funicle on placenta etc are some of the enchanting valuable scientific observations under light microscopy. Gross morphological variations noted in the overall size of various floral parts are regarded as negligible ones, which may happen due to environmental factors. Floral morphology alone is insufficient to give distinct varietal status in the hierarchy of classification, but corolla shades, of course, are of prime importance for phenotypic differentiation, and a multidisciplinary approach will help to expose untapped characters, useful for future studies below the rank at the subspecies level.
Monitoring of crop water consumption changing based on remotely sensed data and techniques in North Sinai, Egypt
Authors: El-Shirbeny M. A. , Orlandini S.
Published: February 2023

This paper aims to approximate and verify crop water use based on satellite results. Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were used as the critical parameters derived from NOAA/AVHRR and landsat8 satellite data. Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was determined using FAO-Penman-Monteith (FPM) agrometeorological data as a standard process. Based on data from remote sensing, the ETo was calculated based on the Hargreaves (Har) process. ETo-FPM has been used to calibrate ETo-Har under the same conditions for five years (2002-2006). Landsat8 data was obtained on 25 June 2013 and 28 June 2014 and used to estimate the crop coefficient (Kc) based on satellite data (Kc-Sat). The LST was used to predict the maximum, minimum, and mean Tair (oC) levels in June 2013 and 2014. ETo was calculated using the expected maximum, minimum, and mean Tair according to the Har method and was used with Kc-Sat to estimate ETc-Har. ETo-FPM is used to measure ETc-FPM with Kc-Sat. LST and NDVI have been used to measure the Water Deficiency Index (WDI). WDI incorporated ETc to measure the actual evapotranspiration of the crop (ETa). ETa-FPM was used for the evaluation of ETa-Har. The relationship between ETa-FPM and ETa-Har was high, where R2 was 0.99 in 2013 and 2014. ETa determined by Hargreaves based on remotely sensed data was overestimated at about 0.8 (mm/day) compared to the FPM process.
Studies on character association and path coefficient for quantitative traits to yield and its attributes in garlic
Authors: Singh R K , Rai Mritunjay , Kumar Mukul , Dwivedi S V
Published: February 2023

Association between characters and path analysis in seventeen genotypes/lines of garlic (Allium sativum L.) was studied at the Vegetable Research Farm, BUAT, Banda during 2019 and 2020. The pooled data of correlation studies, revealed that gross yield plot-1 had positive and significant correlation with equatorial bulb diameter, weight of 20 bulbs and weight of 50 cloves at genotypic and phenotypic level respectively. This showed that improving these features could improve the crop’s physiological capacity to mobilise and translocate photosynthates to economically valuable organs (the bulb), perhaps increasing bulb yield as seen in the study. Yield was significantly and negatively correlated with bulb shape index, number of cloves bulb-1, and thrips plant-1 at genotypic level. The genotypic path coefficient analysis showed that equatorial bulb diameter and plant height had the highest positive direct effect on bulb yield. Weight of 20 bulbs and collar thickness had negative direct effect on bulb yield. Positive direct effect of equatorial bulb diameter and plant height indicated good scope for improvement in bulb yield by selecting genotypes having bigger bulb along with increased plant height.
Effect of low temperature grinding on phytochemicals profile of fenugreek seed powder
Authors: Sirwani Prakash M , Dabhi Mukesh N , Rathod Pankaj J
Published: February 2023

The grinding of spices at ambient temperature causes the loss of valuable heat-sensitive constituents. While higher investment and maintenance of cryogenic grinding make it prohibitive for small-scale industries. So, the present study was carried out to check the effects of low-temperature grinding on various phytochemicals of ground powder of fenugreek seeds. Water at ambient temperature, chilled water and coolant were circulated around the grinding chamber to lower the grinding temperature. Additionally, fenugreek seeds were fed at ambient and low temperatures (-100C). The temperature inside the grinding chamber at the end of grinding for three kg of fenugreek seeds ranged from 91.330C–53.330C for different treatments. A fall in grinding temperature resulted in the retention of a higher quantity of total phenol (7.71 mg g-1), total flavonoid (12.08 mg quercetin equivalent/g extract), antioxidant activity (21.29%) and volatile components in powder of fenugreek seeds ground by coolant circulation with low-temperature feed.
Factors leading to sub-surface pan silcrete formation in north-central Botswana
Authors: Ringrose S. , Cassidy L. , Diskin S. , Coetzee S.H.
Published: February 2023

New evidence was sought for sub-pan silcrete formation along the southern margin of Ntwetwe Pan in the Botswana Makgadikgadi basin. This was achieved by integrating drillhole and surface sample descriptions with element and isocon analysis. The silcrete deposit which lies ~1.0 m below the pan surface, comprises Ntane sandstone fragments and detrital infill, cemented by amorphous silica. The deposit probably evolved during sequential periods of palaeo-lake infilling and drying since at least the Mid-Pleistocene. Changes in basin water pH brought about during fresher water infill interspersed with brine evapo-concentration and later evaporative pumping, induced the mobilisation and precipitation of the silica cement immediately below the pan floor.
Türkiye’de Kamu Harcamaları ile Vergi Gelirleri Arasındaki İlişki: Fourier Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik Analizi
Authors: KARAŞ Göksel , SAĞDIÇ Ersin Nail , GÖZEN Serhat
Published: February 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de 81 il düzeyinde vergi gelirleri ve kamu harcamaları arasındaki ilişkinin 2004-2020 dönemine ait veri seti kullanılarak araştırılmasıdır. Çalışmada iller düzeyinde vergi gelirleri ile kamu harcamalarının GSYH içindeki payları kullanılmıştır. Panel Fourier Eşbütünleşme analizine göre vergi gelirleri ile kamu harcamaları arasında her ne kadar bazı illerde eşbütünleşik bir ilişki tespit edilemese de panel genelinde değişkenler arasında uzun dönem eşbütünleşik bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Panel Fourier Granger Nedensellik Testi sonuçlarına göre, panel genelinde Türkiye’de mali senkronizasyon hipotezinin geçerli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılırken, iller düzeyinde 19 ilde vergi-harcama hipotezinin, 13 ilde harcama-vergi hipotezinin, 2 ilde mali senkronizasyon hipotezinin ve 47 ilde kurumsal farklılık hipotezinin geçerli olduğuna yönelik bulgulara ulaşılmıştır. İllerin çoğunda kurumsal ayrılık hipotezinin geçerli olması vergi gelirlerinin artırılıp kamu harcamalarının azaltılması sonucu bütçe açıklarının kapatılması amacına hizmet edebilecektir.