bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“I Am Not a Musician, I Am a Folk Musician.” the Role of Franc Laporšek in the Revitalization of Pinpipe (Trstenke)
Authors: Kunej Drago
Published: January 2017

Prispevek analizira vlogo Franca Laporška (1930–1998) pri revitalizaciji trstenk, posebne vrste panovih piščali na Slovenskem. Zaradi zanimanja strokovnjakov je iz mladosti obudil izročilo izdelovanja in igranja na trstenke ter postal »zadnji izdelovalec« in »ljudski godec« nanje. Z javnimi nastopi in medijsko podporo se je uveljavil kot pomemben nosilec kulturne dediščine in kot edini, ki je izročilo trstenk ohranil in prenesel na mlajše generacije.
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The article analyzes the role of Franc Laporšek (1930–1998) in the revitalization of a certain type of panpipe (trstenke) in Slovenia. Due to professional interest, Laporšek revived the tradition of making and playing the panpipe from his childhood and became the “last craftsman” and “ folk musician” on trstenke. With the aid of public appearances and media support, he has established himself as an important bearer of cultural heritage and the only person to preserve and pass on the heritage of trstenke to younger generations.
Frequency of occurrence of phonemes and allophones in contemporary Spanish as calculated by an automatic transcription system
Authors: Arias Rodríguez Iván
Published: January 2017

The frequency of occurrence of the different phonemes of the Spanish language has been the subject of several previous studies. However, most of those studies did not take into account the frequency of the allophones, or they did it only partially (many times there was not even a phonetic transcription, and the plain orthographic transcription was used instead). Moreover, in all those previous works the frequency of occurrence was calculated from the transcription of isolated words, without taking into account the phonetic changes produced by its insertion in the speech chain, especially that of resyllabification.
The present article calculates the frequency of occurrence of the phonemes and allophones of the Castilian Spanish dialect, as they are pronounced in the spoken language. The transcription of a corpus (consisting in 560 novels of modern Spanish writers) is done automatically thanks to a piece of software implemented for the purpose of this study. The article details the contents of the corpus as well as a detailed description of the design of the automatic transcriber. Finally, there is also a limited study of the syllable structure in terms of its type and frequency of occurrence.
The Neonatal Window of Opportunity: Setting the Stage for Life-Long Host-Microbial Interaction and Immune Homeostasis
Authors: Torow Natalia , Hornef Mathias W.
Published: January 2017

The existence of a neonatal window was first highlighted by epidemiological studies that revealed the particular importance of this early time in life for the susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases in humans. Recently, the first animal studies emerged that present examples of early-life exposure–triggered persisting immune events, allowing a detailed analysis of the factors that define this particular time period. The enteric microbiota and the innate and adaptive immune system represent prime candidates that impact on the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases and are known to reach a lasting homeostatic equilibrium following a dynamic priming period after birth. In this review, we outline the postnatal establishment of the microbiota and maturation of the innate and adaptive immune system and discuss examples of early-life exposure–triggered immune-mediated diseases that start to shed light on the critical importance of the early postnatal period for life-long immune homeostasis.
The Influence of the Microbiome on Allergic Sensitization to Food
Authors: Plunkett Catherine H. , Nagler Cathryn R.
Published: January 2017

The alarming increase in the incidence and severity of food allergies has coincided with lifestyle changes in Western societies, such as dietary modifications and increased antibiotic use. These demographic shifts have profoundly altered the coevolved relationship between host and microbiota, depleting bacterial populations critical for the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis. There is increasing evidence that the dysbiosis associated with sensitization to food fails to stimulate protective tolerogenic pathways, leading to the development of the type 2 immune responses that characterize allergic disease. Defining the role of beneficial allergy-protective members of the microbiota in the regulation of tolerance to food has exciting potential for new interventions to treat dietary allergies by modulation of the microbiota.
Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Autoimmunity in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Colpitts Sara L. , Kasper Lloyd H.
Published: January 2017

Autoimmune disorders of the CNS have complex pathogeneses that are not well understood. In multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, T cells destroy CNS tissue, resulting in severe disabilities. Mounting evidence suggests that reducing inflammation in the CNS may start with modulation of the gut microbiome. The lymphoid tissues of the gut are specialized for the induction of regulatory cells, which are directly responsible for the suppression of CNS-damaging autoreactive T cells. Whether cause or effect, the onset of dysbiosis in the gut of patients with multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica provides evidence of communication along the gut–brain axis. Thus, current and future therapeutic interventions directed at microbiome modulation are of considerable appeal.
Host-Microbiota Interactions Shape Local and Systemic Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Grigg John B. , Sonnenberg Gregory F.
Published: January 2017

Recent advances in understanding how the mammalian immune system and intestinal microbiota functionally interact have yielded novel insights for human health and disease. Modern technologies to quantitatively measure specific members and functional characteristics of the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract, along with fundamental and emerging concepts in the field of immunology, have revealed numerous ways in which host-microbiota interactions proceed beneficially, neutrally, or detrimentally for mammalian hosts. It is clear that the gut microbiota has a strong influence on the shape and quality of the immune system; correspondingly, the immune system guides the composition and localization of the microbiota. In the following review, we examine the evidence that these interactions encompass homeostasis and inflammation in the intestine and, in certain cases, extraintestinal tissues. Lastly, we discuss translational therapies stemming from research on host-microbiota interactions that could be used for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
Seagrass as major source of transparent exopolymer particles in the oligotrophic Mediterranean coast
Authors: Iuculano Francesca , Duarte Carlos M. , Marbà Núria , Augustí Susana
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The role of seagrass, Posidonia oceanica, meadows as a source of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) to Mediterranean coastal waters was tested by comparing the TEP dynamics in two adjacent coastal waters in the oligotrophic NW Mediterranean Sea, one characterized by oligotrophic open-sea waters and the other accumulating seagrass leaf litter, together with an experimental examination of TEP release by seagrass litter. TEP concentrations ranged from 4.6 µg XG Eq L−1 to 90.6 µg XG Eq L−1, with mean (±SE) values of 38.7 (±2.02) µg XG Eq L−1 in the site devoid of seagrass litter, whereas the coastal beach site accumulating leaf litter had > 10-fold mean TEP concentrations of 487.02 (±72.8) µg XG Eq L−1 . Experimental evaluation confirmed high rates of TEP production by P. oceanica litter, allowing calculations of the associated TEP yield. We demonstrated that P. oceanica is an important source of TEP to the Mediterranean Sea, contributing an estimated 0.10 Tg C as TEP annually. TEP release by P. oceanica seagrass explains the elevated TEP concentration relative to the low chlorophyll a concentration in the Mediterranean Sea.
IEngage: Using Technology to Enhance Students’ Engagement in a Large Classroom
Authors: Sawang Sukanlaya , O'Connor Peter , Ali Muhammad
Published: January 2017

This paper aims to answer how we can increase students’ engagement in a large class. We hypothesised that the use of KeyPad, an interactive student response system, can lead to enhanced student engagement in a large classroom.  We tested a model of classroom technology integration enhancing the students’ engagement among first year undergraduate students (n=131).  This study provides evidence of significant effect of positive attitude and social pressure on the intent to use KeyPads. In turn, the intent to use KeyPads leads to the actual use of KeyPads which is directly associated with the level of student engagement. In addition, we find evidence for the relationship between extraversion and level of engagement such that compared to extrovert students, introvert students felt more engaged.
The Challenges of Online Learning: Supporting and Engaging the Isolated Learner
Authors: Gillett-Swan Jenna
Published: January 2017

Higher education providers are becoming increasingly aware of the diversity of their current and potential learners and are moving to provide a range of options for their engagement. The increasingly flexible delivery modes available for university students provide multiple pathways and opportunities for those seeking further education. In changing between and across modes, a one-size-fits-all approach is often used. That is, internal content is converted into a form deemed suitable for an external delivery. However, there is a significant problem with the one-size-fits-all approach for external students who feel or experience isolation. When compared to their internal counterparts, these students often face a number of barriers to their full participation in coursework units. These barriers may not be experienced by those engaging in these same units via face-to-face or blended enrolment modes and therefore present another type of learner to consider in the planning and implementation of learning activities online. The barriers to participation appear particularly evident in groupwork activities. The online environment also presents challenges for many academic staff who increasingly require higher levels of technological competency and proficiency on top of their regular academic workload. Drawing on reflections of several years of facilitating student learning online, this paper provides one lecturer’s perspective and critical commentary on some of the challenges faced by external students and the implications of an increasingly online delivery framework for practice.
Melhoria na qualidade de dados com a aplicação de "data cleaning" na base de dados de acidentes aeronáuticos da aviação civil brasileira
Authors: Almeida Cleibson Aparecido de , Silva Leonardo Derckan Rodrigues , Schilipack Elaine Cristina da Silva , Minervi Nivaldo Aparecido
Published: January 2017

Introdução: Apresenta a aplicação de técnicas de data cleaning na base de dados de acidentes aeronáuticos da aviação civil brasileira com o objetivo de mensurar o grau de melhoria na qualidade dos dados. Método: inicialmente realizou-se uma revisão de literatura sobre os conceitos de data cleaning e qualidade de dados e, em seguida, aplicaram-se as técnicas de data cleaning em uma base de dados composta por 4601 registros, referentes aos acidentes aeronáuticos ocorridos entre os anos de 1979 e 2014 na aviação civil brasileira. A medição da melhoria na qualidade dos dados foi realizada por meio da métrica “percentual de melhoria dos dados”. Resultados: Observando-se o contexto geral todos os atributos da base de dados houve uma melhoria de 9% quanto à qualidade dos dados, com atributos, como por exemplo o peso, fabricante e modelo das aeronaves, que apresentaram um grau de melhoria acima de 55% após a aplicação da metodologia. Conclusão: A técnica de data cleaning pode ser utilizada para definir políticas para a melhoria contínua em bases de dados e melhorar os processos de decisão nas organizações que tratam sobre aviação, em especial na área de segurança de voo.
El efecto del flipped classroom en la motivación por el aprendizaje del inglés como lengua extranjera en estudiantes de nivel pre-intermedio
Authors: Ruiz-Robles José Luis
Published: January 2017

Introdución: el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo principal determinar la efectividad del flipped classroom para incrementar la motivación de los estudiantes en un curso de nivel pre-intermedio de inglés como lengua extranjera. Método: a fin de alcanzar el objetivo trazado, un estudio cuasi-experimental de corte cuantitativo fue llevado a cabo. La población objeto de estudio para esta investigación estuvo conformada por 68 estudiantes de una escuela pública en la ciudad de Barranquilla, Colombia. Por medio de un muestreo no probabilístico, 25 de ellos compusieron el grupo control del estudio y 23 el grupo experimental. La variable independiente fue el uso del flipped classroom como estrategia instruccional, mientras que la dependiente fue el nivel de motivación por el aprendizaje del inglés como lengua extranjera, la cual fue medida a través de un escalamiento tipo Likert adaptado y previamente validado. Este instrumento fue administrado antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: la información obtenida fue analizada con el soporte de un software de análisis cuantitativo y la definición de significancias estadísticas mediante el cálculo t de Student. Conclusión: estos procesos permitieron concluir que el uso del flipped classroom aumentó la motivación por el aprendizaje del inglés como lengua extranjeras en la población objeto de estudio.
Expediente V5N2
Authors: Editorial AtoZ Comitê
Published: January 2017

Informações sobre a elaboração do respectivo número
The Syntax of Word Order Derivation and Agreement in Najrani Arabic: A Minimalist Analysis
Authors: Fakih Abdul-Hafeed Ali , Al-Sharif Hadeel Ali
Published: January 2017

The paper aims to explore word order derivation and agreement in Najran Arabic (henceforth, NA) and examines the interaction between the NA data and Chomsky’s (2001, 2005) Agree theory which we adopt in this study. The objective is to investigate how word order occurs in NA and provide a satisfactorily unified account of the derivation of SVO and VSO orders and agreement in the language. Furthermore, the study shows how SVO and VSO word orders are derived morpho-syntactically in NA syntax and why and how the derivation of SVO word order comes after that of VSO order. We assume that the derivation of the unmarked SVO in NA takes place after applying a further step to the marked VSO. We propose that the default unmarked word order in NA is SVO, not VSO.  Moreover, we propose that the DP which is base-generated in [Spec-vP] is a topic, not a subject. We adopt Rizzy’s split-CP hypothesis on the basis of which we assume the existence of a Top Phrase (TopP) projection in the clause structure of NA. We postulate that the phase head C passes its ϕ-features to the functional head T and the Edge feature to TopP. We assume that T in VSO lacks the Edge feature which motivates movement of the subject DP to [Spec-TP]. As a consequence, the subject of VSO structure remains in situ in the subject position of [Spec-vP]. In addition, it explores subject-verb agreement asymmetry (henceforth, SVAA) and shows that the asymmetry in NA is not related to word order differences but rather to gender agreement differences.
Perceptions of the Quality of Nature-Based Tourism in Sundarban in Local and Foreign Visitors: A Case Study from Karamjal, Mongla
Authors: Sarker A. H. M. R. , Roskaft Eivin , Suza Ma , Al-Mamun M. M. Abdullah , Nobi Mohammad Nur
Published: January 2017

The recreational behaviour of visitors to Karamjal Forest Station in Sundarban, Bangladesh, was determined by interviewing 150 visitors. The majority of visitors were locals from Bangladesh (90%); however, recreational behaviour varied significantly between local and foreign visitors. More than half of the visitors reported coming to Sundarban for the first time. Most of the visitors were travelling for recreation and derived satisfaction from watching wildlife, particularly deer and crocodiles, and the beauty of the forest. Foreign visitors expressed more satisfaction with boat journeys than local visitors, while less educated visitors expressed more dissatisfaction with boat travel than highly educated visitors. To the question, ‘How would you describe the quality of the recreational benefits of nature-based tourism in Karamjal?’ most visitors answered “poor” or “very poor”. Visitor perception varied significantly by income level, and people of higher financial status were more satisfied than people of lower financial status with the recreational benefits of nature-based tourism in Karamjal.
Does the CBOE Volatility Index Predict Downside Risk at the Tokyo Stock Exchange?
Authors: Tsuji Chikashi
Published: January 2017

This study investigates the predictability of the preceding day’s US volatility index (VIX) from the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) for sharp price drops of the Tokyo Stock Price Index (TOPIX) by employing several versions of probit models. All our results indicate that the preceding day’s US S&P 500 VIX movement has predictive power for sharp price declines of the TOPIX in Japan. As we repeatedly examined several left tail risks in TOPIX price changes and we also tested by applying some different versions of probit models, our evidence of the forecast power of the S&P 500 VIX for downside risk of the TOPIX shall be very robust.
Report of the Working Group on Population Parameters and Demography of Tursiops truncatus in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Fruet Pedro Friedrich , Laporta Paula , Flores Paulo André C.
Published: January 2017

The information herein presented were compiled from six scientific articles, one undergraduate monographs, four master and three doctoral thesis and six working papers presented during the “I South American Meeting of Research and Conservation of Tursiops truncatus”, which was held in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil between May 21-23, 2010. Some personal communications complement the information. Each topic discussed in the present report followed the geographical sub-divisions established in the Report of the Working Group on Distribution (this volume): a) Northern Brazil; b) North-eastern Brazil; c) South-eastern Brazil; d) Southern Brazil and Uruguay and e) Argentina.
Effective population size of an offshore population of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, from the São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago, Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Larissa R. , Ott Paulo Henrique , Moreno Ignacio B. , Tavares Maurício , Siciliano Salvatore , Bonatto Sandro L.
Published: January 2017

The São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago (SPSPA) (00°56’N, 29°22’W) lies approximately 1010km northeast off the coast of Rio Grande do Norte State in Brazilian waters. Recently, through photo-identification and group size analysis, around 20-30 individual bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, from SPSPA were recognized as a resident, and potentially genetically isolated, population. The effective population size (Ne), not the census number (Nc), as well the sex ratio, are of primary concern from an evolutionary and conservation management perspectives. The estimate of Ne reflects the number of individuals responsible for the maintenance of genetic diversity of a species or population as well its evolutionary potential. For this reason, we present here the first Ne and sex ratio estimates for the bottlenose dolphin population from SPSPA. Sex was molecularly determined for 19 biopsy samples collected from bottlenose dolphins from SPSPA between January and February 2005. The Newas estimated by direct counting of reproductive adults sexed by DNA analysis. The resulting Ne was 12 individuals and the sex ratio was 1.11 male to 1 female, however, it was not significantly different from the expected 1:1 ratio (χ2 test, α= 0.05; df = 1). The effective population size based on the genetic diversity of 19 sequences of the mtDNA control region resulted in a female effective population size of 223 individuals, and the total long-term effective size of ~470 individuals. We believe that the estimated Ne for the SPSPA population is a critical value, because it is significantly lower than the mean minimum viable population (MVP) suggested for vertebrates (around 5000 breeding age adults). This small Ne is of great concern and should be taken into account in future management plans to ensure the conservation and protection of this small population at SPSPA.
Pourquoi, en Afrique, « le droit » refuse-t-il toujours le pluralisme que le communautarisme induit ?
Authors: Le Roy Étienne
Published: January 2017

Me posant cette question depuis une cinquantaine d’années, j’ai successivement écarté l’explication d’un simple laisser aller dans la reconduite de l’héritage colonial puis l’hypothèse d’une prétendue supériorité, jamais vérifiée autrement que dogmatiquement, du « droit moderne » sur la « coutume ancestrale ». Plus sérieuse fut l’explication liée à l’économie politique, un héritage marxien, et exigeant que les superstructures politiques et juridiques soient en phase avec l’insertion de l’Afrique dans le marché mondial. Mais, depuis ma participation à l’étude internationale sur les transferts de connaissances juridiques Nord-Sud, à la fin des années 1970, j’ai mis en évidence la place et le rôle de l’idéologie professionnelle des juristes et en particulier de leur philosophie spontanée idéaliste dont je dévoilerai ce qu’il masque à la lumière de mes travaux récents et selon le nouveau paradigme de la juridicité et de son pluralisme « intégral ».
Sur la frontière
Authors: Granville Miller Bruce , Kerbiriou Anne-Hélène
Published: January 2017

En cette ère de déclin de la capacité de l’État à contrôler ses frontières, l’une des solutions a consisté à créer des « spectacles de pouvoir », à savoir des murs et barrières fortifiés. Sur le territoire des Salish du littoral en Colombie-Britannique et dans l’État de Washington, ces barrières ont entravé les déplacements légaux des peuples autochtones. En me basant sur un travail de terrain et sur ma participation en tant qu’expert et témoin, je me concentre sur deux cas d’impacts négatifs sur les Premières Nations. Le premier concerne un homme des Premières Nations arrêté par la Sécurité intérieure américaine et des agents fédéraux pour avoir pêché dans des eaux américaines qui se trouvaient faire partie des lieux de pêche historiques de sa nation. Le second concerne une communauté frontalière dont le Conseil utilise la frontière comme un moyen d’enlever toute reconnaissance légale à 306 de ses propres membres. Ces histoires traduisent une contestation désorganisée de l’État et des autorités tribales légitimes, qui tous affirment leur primauté sur un autre tenu pour quantité négligeable. Cela a eu pour conséquence de rendre plus répressives les régions frontalières des Salish du littoral.
Le point de vue des pilleurs
Authors: Charlier Laurence
Published: January 2017

Lors de son enquête ethnographique dans la région du Nord Potosi bolivien, l’auteure a accompagné deux jeunes hommes déterrer des momies précolombiennes situées dans leur communauté. Ils voulaient les vendre à un professeur des universités, lequel les revendait, selon eux, aux États-Unis. Pour se prémunir du courroux potentiel des momies, ils firent remarquer qu’il ne fallait pas y « penser/s’en souvenir » (yuyay en quechua). L’auteure se consacre à l’étude de cette exhumation et de ses contextes en maintenant une focale sur les différentes stratégies choisies in situ par les deux individus pour transformer des objets inaliénables (les ancêtres) en objets aliénables (des marchandises). Elle axe son questionnement sur les processus d’attribution d’agentivité et sur la réflexivité ainsi que sur les rapports conflictuels qu’entretiennent les différents ordres de contraintes sociales subies par les deux individus. Enfin, l’auteure explique comment et pourquoi les deux individus en arrivent à croire rétrospectivement qu’ils n’ont pas réussi à neutraliser le pouvoir potentiel des momies.
A decade of implementation of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage
Authors: Duvelle Cécile
Published: January 2017

In this article, Cécile Duvelle presents the main points of the evaluation of the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage undertaken by UNESCO a decade after its adoption in 2003. She discusses the achievements as well as the pitfalls of the Convention. Drawing on a survey involving State Parties as well as many non-state stakeholders including NGOs, representatives of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) bearer organizations, and academics, the authors of the evaluation report consider the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage to be a highly relevant international legal instrument, both in terms of its consistency with national and local priorities and with the needs of the concerned communities, groups and individuals. The Convention has broadened the more traditional view of heritage to include anthropological and sociological points of view. It also introduced a number of important concepts related to ICH, such as the understanding that the community is the real bearer of ICH and that this heritage is defined in terms of the community; the notion that culture is living and evolving as it is transmitted from one generation to another; and the concept of safeguarding as a measure aimed at ensuring the viability of ICH. The Convention introduced new terminology and definitions that have since gained global prominence, supplanting older concepts. The article provides an in-depth discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the practice of listing ICH elements, of the promises and shortcomings of community participation, of the challenges of intellectual property and cultural diversity to ICH, of the necessary collaboration in the administration of the different UNESCO heritage conventions, and of the ways intangible cultural heritage can contribute to sustainable development, to conflict resolution and to human rights. The author concludes by commenting the recommendations of the evaluation report.
Re-totalizing Culture
Authors: Shelton Anthony Alan
Published: January 2017

With the growth of concern over diminishing cultural diversity, homogenization, and the preservation of tangible patrimony, UNESCO has increasingly assumed a lead position in devising new legislative instruments – programs, proclamations, conventions, and treaties – for the safeguard and regulation of cultural heritage. This cultural policy has been re-directed in the last two decades by a newly emergent and confident cosmopolitan political bloc that has attempted to reverse the organization’s Occidental bias by extending the protection it gives to tangible heritage to include intangible cultural expressions. This new political interest coincides with wider demands for the re-totalization of both aspects of culture aimed at encouraging the institutional use of vernacular interpretations in place of typological and externally imposed classifications. While these movements share a common interest in the decolonization of institutional culture, there is no overarching consensus on the means by which authority over interpretation can be returned to and exercised by originating communities and practitioners. To support its relatively new cultural mandate, UNESCO has revised its definitions of culture. These re-articulations – largely appropriated from specific anthropological discourses – expand the concept of culture to include its tangible and intangible manifestations, and provide a legitimating moral and intellectual authority to promote its wider acceptability. This essay represents a modest attempt to define and trace the influence of part of the rhetoric generated by globalized institutional cultures on museum practice and to raise questions on the current choices museums have been called to make.
Food Heritage and the Construction of Territory
Authors: Turgeon Laurier
Published: January 2017

In the Western academic tradition, tangible cultural heritage (monuments, buildings, sites and material objects) has generally been considered as a privileged means of constructing places and territory, whereas intangible cultural heritage (oral traditions, arts, crafts, feasts, rituals, song, music, dance) have been associated with the identification of ethnic groups. This article aims to demonstrate that intangible cultural heritage can also be a powerful means of the construction of place, through a case study that shows how the consumption of home-grown agricultural products in Quebec transforms territories into places of heritage. This transformative process is accomplished, first, by the symbolic production and consumption of place. By clearly identifying the place of origin of the product on the label, in writing as well as in image, the act of eating homegrown products entails a displacement of territory from their place of production to their place of incorporation. The distant and the faraway are brought home and made familiar. To further reinforce the domestication of place, the consumer is invited to come and purchase the homegrown product at the place of production and to bring it back home with him. Second, these places are heritagitized through the social production and consumption of time. Homegrown products are expressions of the continuity of place through the material conservation of food (dehydration, salting, freezing, etc.), the process of ageing itself and, more importantly, the transmission of their intangible qualities (traditional knowledge, transmission of receipts, preservation of taste). These practices become specific to a place to the point that they give the product a distinctive taste that is passed on from generation to generation. It is through taste that the memory of people and place is reactivated. The author of the article further suggests that it is these intangible elements which most efficiently and forcefully express the heritage of place.
Prosthodontic Rehabilitation with Onlay Removable Partial Denture: a Case Report
Authors: Zhi Chang Wei , Khee Ho Ting
Published: January 2017

Restoring occlusal plane and occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) in patient with existing indirect restorations who must wear removable prostheses may be a challenge to the dental operator. Onlay removable partial dentures (RPD) are used to re-establish the occlusion in conjunction to replace missing teeth without having to remove the existing indirect restoration. This case report described prosthetic rehabilitation with onlay RPD in patients who were partially edentulous and has reduced OVD. The treatment involved a set of provisional RPD to re-establish the OVD, as well as to evaluate the function, esthetic and speech of the patient, followed by definitive onlay RPD. The mandibular onlay RPD was used to provide stable occlusion and to correct the uneven occlusal surface on the abutment teeth. This treatment able to improve patient’s chewing function through a simple removable prosthesis and conservative on the existing restorations.
An Assessment of Oral Health Related Quality of Life in Orthodontics Patients with Micro-Implant: A Pilot Study
Authors: Zubir Zubaidah Mohammad , Masood Mohd , Abd Rahman Aida Nur Ashikin
Published: January 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHQoL) among orthodontic patients who had micro-implants.

Methods: This pilot study involved a total of sixteen orthodontics patients. The samples were selected from the postgraduate orthodontic clinic, Faculty of Dentistry Universiti Teknologi MARA. The study consisted of five (31.3%) males and eleven females (68.8%), aged between 18-30 years. The patients were divided equally into two groups (control and titanium alloy micro-implant). The micro-implants had diameter of 1.6mm and length of 8mm. Eight patients were treated without using micro-implant for the control group. The micro-implants were inserted by single operator. Cases with higher anchorage requirement were selected for micro-implant placements. The oral health quality of life was assessed by using S-OHIP14 (M) Malay version at two times which is before micro-implant insertion (T₀) and after four weeks’ micro-implant insertion (T₁).

Results: There were no significant different found on functional limitation, physical pain, psychological discomfort, physical disability, psychological disability, social disability and handicap domains of OHIP-14 between the study group and control group (P>0.05).

Conclusion: This pilot study showed that orthodontic treatment with micro-implants will not worsen the OHQoL of orthodontic patients and orthodontic patients without micro-implant perceived as having a similar level of OHQoL.
Periodontal Status in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: Nguyen Lam Do Ai , Nguyen Thao Thi Thu , Pham Thuy Anh Vu
Published: January 2017

Objectives: To compare periodontal status of chronic kidney disease patients with those in non-chronic kidney disease patients and to explore the relationship between periodontitis and chronic kidney disease in a group of Vietnamese.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 240 adults including 120 chronic kidney disease patients (group 1) and 120non-chronic kidney disease patients (group 2). The socio-demographic characteristic, dental and smoking habits were investigated by the questionnaire. Periodontal status (PPD, CAL, BOP) were examined. The periodontal status was compared between 2 groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between chronic kidney disease and periodontitis after adjusting related factors.

Results: The clinically periodontal parameters in group 1 were all higher compared to those in group 2 (p<0.001). The OR for periodontitis in patients who with age more than 60 years or brushed their teeth less than 2 times per day or had no scaling or in current smokers or with chronic kidney disease were 1.93; 4.27; 7.95; 4.21; 2.94 compared to counterparts, respectively (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The periodontal status of chronic kidney disease patients was found worse than those in non-chronic kidney disease patients. The chronic kidney disease was significantly related to periodontitis.
Evaluation and follow‐up of fetal hydronephrosis.
Authors: Feldman D M , DeCambre M , Kong E , Borgida A , Jamil M , McKenna P , Egan J F
Published: January 2017

To determine the antenatal course and neonatal follow‐up of isolated fetal hydronephrosis.

We reviewed our ultrasonography database from January 1989 to June 1999 for all cases of unilateral or bilateral fetal hydronephrosis that had at least 1 follow‐up ultrasonographic examination. Cases were defined as mild, moderate, or severe depending on the renal pelvis anteroposterior diameter and gestational age. Data were analyzed using the chi2 test with the Fisher exact test where appropriate. Medical records were reviewed, and telephone interviews were performed to determine which infants received follow‐up after birth.

Of 57,966 ultrasonographic examinations in 20,049 women during the study period, 393 patients met criteria for evaluation. Of these, 347 (88%) had fetuses with mild hydronephrosis. Most of these had complete resolution during the pregnancy. Forty patients had fetuses classified as having moderate hydronephrosis, and 6 patients had fetuses with severe hydronephrosis. Of those classified as moderate hydronephrosis, 15% resolved, 25% improved, 48% remained unchanged, and 12% worsened during the pregnancy. There were no cases of in utero resolution in the severe group; however, 4 of 6 cases improved to moderate or mild, and 2 cases remained unchanged. Of the cases identified prenatally, 25 received consultation by a pediatric urologist in the newborn period, and 7 of these required surgical intervention.

Our population‐based data suggest that most cases of mild hydronephrosis will resolve before delivery. In contrast, cases of moderate or severe hydronephrosis are less likely to have resolution in utero and are more likely to worsen or remain unchanged. Of those fetuses with persistent hydronephrosis, only a small number required some surgical intervention after birth. This information is useful in counseling the patient whose fetus is noted to have isolated hydronephrosis.
Birth weight prediction by three‐dimensional ultrasonography: fractional limb volume.
Authors: Lee W , Deter R L , Ebersole J D , Huang R , Blanckaert K , Romero R
Published: January 2017

To introduce fractional limb volume as a new ultrasonographic parameter, validate reliability of fractional limb volume measurements, develop new birth weight prediction models, and examine their practical utility for estimating fetal weight during late pregnancy.

Healthy late‐third‐trimester fetuses were prospectively scanned by two‐ and three‐dimensional ultrasonography within 4 days of delivery. Volume data sets were subsequently used to extract several standard ultrasonographic measurements. Fractional limb volumes of the upper arm and thigh were based on 50% of diaphyseal bone length. Intraclass correlation was used to analyze interobserver and intraobserver reliability of fractional limb volume measurements. Several weight prediction models were developed by linear regression analysis. New prediction models were prospectively compared with the Hadlock formula in 30 healthy late‐third‐trimester fetuses.

One hundred fetuses were scanned at a mean +/‐ SD menstrual age of 39.2 +/‐ 1.2 weeks. Intraclass correlation indicated a significant degree of interobserver and intraobserver reliability for fractional thigh volume. Fractional thigh volume (r = 0.86), fractional upper arm volume (r = 0.83), abdominal circumference (r = 0.83), and midthigh circumference (r = 0.82) were most highly correlated with birth weight. The best prediction model (abdominal circumference and fractional thigh volume) gave weight estimates that deviated from actual birth weight by ‐0.025% +/‐ 7.8%. For late‐third‐trimester fetuses, the Hadlock model yielded errors of 9.0% +/‐ 9.0%. Prospective testing confirmed superior performance of the new prediction model, which gave accuracy of 2.3% +/‐ 6.6% (Hadlock method, 8.4% +/‐ 8.7%). It correctly predicted 20 of 30 birth weights to within 5% of actual weight. By comparison, the Hadlock model predicted only 6 of 30 birth weights to within 5% of actual weight.

A new birth weight prediction model, based on fractional thigh volume and abdominal circumference, is reliable during the late third trimester. It provides a means for including soft tissue evaluation for birth weight prediction. This rapid technique avoids technical limitations that currently hinder the practical implementation of three‐dimensional ultrasonography for estimating birth weight.
Usefulness of the suspended microbubble sign in differentiating empyemic and nonempyemic hydropneumothorax.
Authors: Lin F C , Chou C W , Chang S C
Published: January 2017

The suspended microbubble sign is defined as the image seen on ultrasonography consisting of a pleural effusion strewn with numerous hyperechoic pinpoints and more or less linear shadows that move synchronously with respiration. In this study, we intended to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the suspended microbubble sign in differentiating empyemic and nonempyemic hydropneumothorax.

This series consisted of 8 patients with empyemic hydropneumothorax and 23 patients with nonempyemic hydropneumothorax. The finding of the presence of the suspended microbubble signs on ultrasonography was recorded. To further elucidate the generation of the suspended microbubble sign, the interaction between air and pleural fluid of different types was investigated in vitro.

The suspended microbubble sign was shown on ultrasonography in all 8 patients with empyemic hydropneumothorax but was absent in the 23 patients with nonempyemic hydropneumothorax. These findings were supported by the observation that the pus seemed to mix with and trap the air more easily than did the nonpurulent pleural fluid, as shown in vitro. In this selected population, the sensitivity and specificity of the suspended microbubble sign in aiding a diagnosis of empyemic hydropneumothorax were both 100%.

The suspended microbubble sign shown on ultrasonography might be of considerable value in differentiating empyemic and nonempyemic hydropneumothorax.
Neonatal nucleated red blood cell counts: relationship to abnormal fetoplacental circulation detected by Doppler studies.
Authors: Axt-Fliedner R , Ertan K , Hendrik H J , Schmidt W
Published: January 2017

Increased neonatal nucleated red blood cell counts are thought to be related to intrauterine hypoxemia. We sought to determine the effect of increasing circulatory impairment in fetuses on the neonatal nucleated red blood cell count. One hundred thirty‐four singleton pregnancies were included in the study and were allocated to 4 study groups according to Doppler findings. The systolic‐to‐diastolic ratios of the umbilical artery, fetal aorta, middle cerebral artery, and uterine arteries were recorded. Fetuses were assigned to the following groups on the basis of the last Doppler examination before delivery: group 1, normal systolic‐to‐diastolic ratios in the examined vessels; group 2, a systolic‐to‐diastolic ratio greater than 2 SD above the mean for gestational age in the umbilical artery or fetal aorta and no abnormal Doppler findings in the uterine arteries; group 3, systolic‐to‐diastolic ratios greater than 2 SD above the mean for gestational age in all examined vessels; and group 4, absence of end‐diastolic velocity in the umbilical artery or fetal aorta and systolic‐to‐diastolic ratios greater than 2 SD above the mean for gestational age in the uterine arteries. A blood sample from the umbilical artery was obtained within 1 minute after birth, and nucleated red blood cells per 100 white blood cells were counted by light microscopy. Nucleated red blood cell counts were higher in fetuses in group 4 (median, 72.0; range, 9‐720; P < .001) and group 3 (median, 38.4; range, 7‐201; P < .001) than in fetuses in group 1 (median, 5.1; range, 0‐20). Neonates in group 4 had significantly lower birth weights (P < .001), lower arterial and venous pH values (P < .05), and lower Apgar scores after 5 minutes (P < .01) as well as an increased likelihood of cesarean delivery because of fetal distress (P < .001). The number of fetuses in group 4 with a cord blood base deficit of less than ‐8 mmol/L was increased. Nucleated red blood cell counts were comparable in fetuses in group 2 (median, 5.4; range, 0‐37) and group 1. In groups 1 to 3 no brain‐sparing effect occurred, whereas in 15 of 21 cases in group 4 a brain‐sparing effect was present. Multivariate analysis revealed that Doppler results of the umbilical artery, fetal aorta, and uterine arteries were independent determinants of neonatal nucleated red blood cell count. Increasing abnormalities seen on fetoplacental Doppler studies are associated with increasing numbers of nucleated red blood cells at birth. Given the known relationship between abnormal Doppler flow and intrauterine hypoxemia, the neonatal nucleated red blood cell count might become an additional valuable tool in the surveillance of growth‐restricted fetuses.
Overlaying ultrasonographic images on direct vision.
Authors: Stetten G D , Chib V S
Published: January 2017

The objective of this technical advance is to permit in situ visualization of ultrasonographic images so that direct hand‐eye coordination can be used during invasive procedures. A method is presented that merges the visual outer surface of a patient with a simultaneous ultrasonographic scan of the patient's interior. The method combines a flat‐panel monitor with a half‐silvered mirror such that the image on the monitor is reflected precisely at the proper location within the patient. The ultrasonographic image is superimposed in real time on the patient, merging with the operator's hands and any invasive tools in the field of view. Instead of looking away from the patient at an ultrasonographic monitor, the operator sees through skin and underlying tissue as if it were translucent. Two working prototypes have been constructed, demonstrating independence of viewer location and requiring no special apparatus to be worn by the operator. This method could enable needles and scalpels to be manipulated with direct hand‐eye coordination under ultrasonographic guidance. Invasive tools would be visible up to where they enter the skin, permitting natural visual extrapolation into the ultrasonographic slice. Biopsy needles would no longer be restricted to lie in the plane of the ultrasonographic scan but could instead intersect it. These advances could lead to increased safety, ease, and reliability in certain invasive procedures.
Three‐dimensional multiplanar sonohysterography: comparison with conventional two‐dimensional sonohysterography and X‐ray hysterosalpingography.
Authors: Lev-Toaff A S , Pinheiro L W , Bega G , Kurtz A B , Goldberg B B
Published: January 2017

The objective of this study was to assess the value of combining transvaginal sonohysterography with three‐dimensional multiplanar ultrasonography to optimize assessment of the uterus. To make this assessment, we compared findings on three‐dimensional sonohysterography with those on two‐dimensional sonohysterography and X‐ray hysterosalpingography. Of 20 women who underwent three‐dimensional sonohysterography for various indications, 13 also underwent two‐dimensional sonohysterography, and 12 had X‐ray hysterosalpingography. We reviewed the 3 types of examinations separately and compared the standard techniques with three‐dimensional sonohysterography to determine whether three‐dimensional sonohysterography provided additional information. In 9 (69%) of 13 comparisons between three‐dimensional sonohysterography and two‐dimensional sonohysterography and in 11 (92%) of 12 comparisons between three‐dimensional sonohysterography and X‐ray hysterosalpingography, three‐dimensional sonohysterography was advantageous. The coronal plane was most useful for displaying the relationship between lesions and the uterine cavity. Three‐dimensional sonohysterography provided additional information compared with standard accepted techniques in the vast majority of women.
Quantification of fluid on screening ultrasonography for blunt abdominal trauma: a simple scoring system to predict severity of injury.
Authors: Sirlin C B , Casola G , Brown M A , Patel N , Bendavid E J , Hoyt D B
Published: January 2017

A simple ultrasonographic method of fluid quantification, which counted the number of fluid recesses, was developed to predict the severity of injury after blunt abdominal trauma. From 1994 to 1998, 2,693 screening ultrasonographic examinations were performed for blunt abdominal trauma. Of this group, 2,499 patients had a fluid score of 0 (no fluid), and 1.4% had injuries (0.4% requiring surgery); 110 had a score of 1 (fluid in a single examined region), and 59% had injuries (13% requiring surgery); 33 had a score of 2, and 85% had injuries (36% requiring surgery); 30 had a score of 3, and 83% had injuries (63% requiring surgery); and 21 had a score of 4, and 95% had injuries (81 % requiring surgery). Patients with scores of 3 or greater had significantly higher rates of injury (P < .002) and injury requiring surgery (P < .0001) than patients with lower scores. The ability to predict injury severity on the basis of a simple ultrasonographic scoring system should expedite treatment of patients with severe trauma.