bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plan de negocio, proyecto constructora BellaTerra en la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador
Authors: Goercke Villarreal José Ricardo , Erazo Álvarez Juan Carlos , Narváez Zurita Cecilia Ivonne , Quevedo Vázquez Jorge Oswaldo
Published: July 2019

El déficit habitacional que posee actualmente la ciudad de Cuenca, presenta una oportunidad de negocio para la creación de una empresa constructora, lo que permite el desarrollo del emprendimiento. El presente trabajo de investigación estuvo orientado a realizar un Plan de Negocios que determine la factibilidad de la creación de una empresa constructora en la ciudad de Cuenca, para lo cual, se realizó un estudio de mercado que tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, con una muestra de 383 personas a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta para determinar los gustos y necesidades de los clientes. El desarrollo de la propuesta estuvo determinado por el plan comercial que incluyó el direccionamiento estratégico, actividad económica y marketing mix. El estudio técnico permitió identificar la localización del proyecto, el layout y la definición del bien o servicios. Por otro lado, el estudio organizacional, identificó la estructura organizacional y funcional. El estudio financiero estableció que se requiere de una inversión de $108.653,83 dólares, que será financiado con un 30% de recursos propios y el 70% mediante un crédito a través de la CFN. La evaluación financiera identificó un VAN positivo de $62.282,63 dólares y una TIR del 51,65% que muestra la factibilidad del proyecto.
Propuesta de un sistema de evaluación del desempeño para una institución que brinda servicios académicos en la ciudad de Tacna
Authors: Velarde Molina Jehovanni , Ticona Gómez Leonardo , Vásquez Espinoza Pablo , Yabar Vega Ben
Published: July 2019

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo orientar la actuación técnica y/o profesional consiguiendo la mayor adecuación posible de las personas en sus puestos de trabajo, proponiendo un sistema de evaluación del desempeño para las escuelas educativas, en este caso se aplicó a la Escuela de Negocios John Von Neumann SRL de Tacna. Para poder conocer la evaluación de desempeño se aplicó un test de autoevaluación del desempeño laboral. Este sistema de autoevaluación de desempeño tiene los siguientes indicadores: la perspectiva, la equidad, la fortaleza y el equilibrio. Se desarrolló la propuesta de un modelo para la evaluación del desempeño laboral del personal, el cual se basa en un conjunto de competencias generales para un desempeño laboral destacado (independiente del puesto de trabajo); dichos factores de evaluación son: conocimiento del trabajo, calidad de trabajo, eficiencia / productividad, actitud e iniciativa, atención al cliente y responsabilidad, solución de problemas, planificación y organización del trabajo, toma de decisiones, liderazgo y trabajo en equipo, entrenamiento y capacitación del personal. Los beneficios esperados de la implementación de la propuesta son conseguir que su personal se encuentre más comprometido, mayor nivel de satisfacción laboral, tendencia a fortalecer el trabajo en equipo, mejor comunicación organizacional, entre otros; además, permitir a los directivos fortalecer las capacidades de su personal.
Psychoactive substance the examination of implements and school factors among young persons living on country
Authors: Barabásné Kárpáti Dóra
Published: July 2019

The study investigates the drug addiction, school problems and the underlying emotional disorders of provincial young people. I assumed that school problems are connected with theyouth’s legal and illegal drug consumption.In my research, I used the Euroadad questionnaire taken at the Drug Ambulance of Nyíregyháza. The sample covered 144 interviewees, 76.9% of whom were „diverted” from jurisdiction. The other respondents volunteered for the therapy.The linear regression analysis was applied to examine the interrelations between the elements under study.All of the 144 respondents have tried or regularly apply some consciousness-modifying substance. Most of them are young adults. The preferred drugs were marijuana and ecstasy. Allconsume alcohol as well. A significant connection can be proved between the majority of the psychological and school behavioural problems under survey and the drug abuse. The more problematic group covers those taking extasy.
Genetic identification of Javan hawk-eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi) from Indonesia using mitochondrial COI gene
Authors: Suhadi  , Listyorini Dwi , Retnaningtyas Riri Wiyanti , Putri Fima Rizki Eka , Valentiningrum Dina Ayu
Published: July 2019

Nisaetus bartelsi is a native hawk from Java which its genetic information is not commonly understood yet. As a part of the conservation effort to maintain genetic diversity of this endangered species, this research aimed to obtain COI gene sequences from five individuals of N. bartelsi to confirm its position in the phylogenetic tree. DNA isolation from 5 N. bartelsi blood sample was performed and its COI gene sequence was amplified, sequenced, and used to reconstruct phylogenetic tree using MEGA6 with several other members of Nisaetus, Aquila, and Saggitaridae family. Furthermore, the intraspecific distance between 5 N. bartelsi samples and interspecific distance with other species were calculated using MEGA6. The result suggested that all five individuals belonged to the species Javan hawk-eagle (N. bartelsi) and were closely related to the Blyth’s hawk-eagle (Nisaetus alboniger). The DNA barcoding of the Javan hawk-eagle conducted in this study is a stepping stone to conservation efforts for the Javan hawk-eagle.
Analisis Pelapisan Sosial serta Tingkat Pendapatan dan Pola Pengeluaran Rumah Tangga Usahati Berdasarkan Perilaku Sosial Budaya Islami
Authors: Sunandaka Musli Rosmali
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini Bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pembentukan pelapisan sosial masyarakat pertanian muslim berdasarkan perilaku sosial budaya islami petani serta deskripsi tingkat pendapatan dan pola pengeluaran rumah tangga usahataninya. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode survey terhadap 24- rumah tangga usahatani sample di Kabupaten Bandung dan Kabupaten Garut Provinsi Jawa Barat sebagai sentra produksi sayuran dataran tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelapisan sosial masyarakat pertanian muslim dengan teori pelapisan terbentuk menjadi dua lapisan, yaitu lapisan petani berperilaku sosial budaya islami yang lebih baik dan lapisan petani berperilaku sosial budaya islami yang kurang baik. Lapisan petani berperilaku sosial budaya islami yang lebih baik memiliki tingkat pendapatan rumah tangga usahatani yang lebih tinggi dan pola pengeluaran yang lebih rasional dan proporsional dibandingkan dengan lapisan petani berperilaku sosial budaya islami yang kurang baik.
BEBAN DAN DISIPLIN KERJA BERPENGARUH TERHADAP KINERJA AWAK KAPAL NEGARA ANDROMEDA
Authors: Deni Muhammad
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of work load and workdiscipline to performance of Crews Ship of the country Andromeda. Population of thisstudy as many as 15 crews. The results of calculations using SPSS, showed that: R2 of0.349 (37.4% ), illustrates that the performance of crews (Y), can be explained by allindependent variables 34.9%, while the remaining 65.1%, can be explained by otherfactors, which are not included in this study. From the result of hypothesis F test ,obtained value of Fcount ( 6.243) > 0.05, means that there is the influence of work loadand work discipline together to crew performance. While the results of the hypothesis ttest, both of two variables there are no influence of them to performance
ANALISIS UKURAN PERUSAHAAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN ASET TERHADAP STRUKTUR MODAL PERBANKAN UMUM PEMERINTAH DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Lilianti Emma
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of firms and asset growth on capitalstructure government general banking in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The problem in thisresearch how to influence firm size and asset growth on capital structure governmentgeneral banking in BEI? Data analysis, autocorrelation, multicolinearity andheterocedasticity test. The population is the entire company government general bankingin BEI as many as 4 companies, with the selected sample of 4 companies through thesampling census. The results showed firm size and asset growth have influence on capitalstructure government general banking in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI).
PENERAPAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN KOPERASI BERDASARKAN SAK-ETAP PADA KOPERASI UNIT DESA
Authors: Septariani Jumania
Published: July 2019

This study discusses the application of cooperative financial accounting standards based on Financial Accounting Standards Entity Without Public Accountability (SAK ETAP) on Village Unit Cooperative. The object of this research is KUD Sriwijaya Plakat Tinggi Musi Banyuasin Regency. KUD Sriwijaya Plakat Tinggi Musi Banyuasin Regency has standards and guidelines used in the preparation of financial reporting will be reported at annual meeting members and can serve as the basis for economic decision-making as well as to improve the quality of supervision of cooperative business management practices. Previously the regulation or standard regarding cooperatives contained in PSAK 27. Along with the development and revision, the cooperative standard is regulated in SAK ETAP and refers to the Regulation of the Minister of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises Republic of Indonesia 12/2015 concerning General Guidelines for Cooperative Accounting. Therefore, KUD of Sriwijaya of Plakat Tinggi Musi Banyuasin Regency adjusted the application of standard in the preparation of financial statements. This research is conducted qualitatively by using qualitative data analysis technique. Qualitative data in the form of survey results and interviews conducted at KUD Sriwijaya Plakat Tinggi Musi Banyuasin Regency.
PERBAIKAN TATA KELOLA HUTAN MELALUI PENERAPAN POLA PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN BADAN LAYANAN UMUM DAERAH PADA KESATUAN PENGELOLAAN HUTAN PRODUKSI (SEBUAH ANALISIS NARASI, POLITIK DAN AKTOR)
Authors: Pandriadi Pandriadi
Published: July 2019

Rawas cukup tinggi. Konflik tidak hanya terjadi antara masyarakat dengan pemerintah saja, namun juga masyarakat dengan perusahaan dan perusahaan dengan pemerintah. Berdasarkan kajian awal diketahui bahwa salah satu akar masalahnya adalah pada faktor tata kelola, dimana pengelolaan hutan selama ini lebih mengedepankan aspek bisnis dan eksploitasi dengan tanpa mempertimbangkan peran serta masyarakat di dalam dan sekitar kawasan hutan. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah dengan diterapkannya Pola Pengelolaan Keuangan daerah (PPK BLUD) pada KPHP Lakitan akan membuat perbaikan pada tata kelola hutan dan selanjutnya berdampak pada pengurangan tingkat kesenjangan sosial ekonomi antara pengelola KPHP dengan perusahaan dan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif yang menggali sebanyak-banyaknya informasi dari narasumber dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara mendalam dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) kepada para pihak yang terkait dengan pengelolaan hutan, yaitu pihak pemerintah (meliputi pihak KPHP Lakitan, Dinas Kehutanan Musi Rawas, dan instansi terkait), perusahaan dan masyarakat yang tinggal di dalam dan sekitar kawasan. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa berbagai pihak memiliki kewenangan dan kepentingan dalam penerapan PPK BLUD pada KPHP Lakitan melalui pendekatan Power-Interest-Legitimacy (PIL). Berbagai pihak tersebut, baik dari sisi pemerintah, swasta, maupun masyarakat diyakini akan memberikan sumbangan positif pada pengembangan KPHP Lakitan asalkan terdapat sinergi yang baik antar berbagai pihak tersebut.
Sources of natural background radiation
Authors: Dolchinkov Nikolay Todorov
Published: July 2019

After the major accidents in “Chernobyl” NPP, located on the territory of present-day
Ukraine, and then in the USSR in April 1986, in Bulgaria, as well as in most European
countries a lack of systems for a continuous measurement of gamma radiation was reported,
which have to provide reliable real-time information on radiation status. Consequently,
in the European Union, construction of automated systems for continuous monitoring of
gamma radiation has begun. Observations on the state of the radiation background in
Bulgaria are carried out in parallel in two ways. A serious problem can cause people to
cross a state border in random unregulated places and not at a checkpoint.
Psychological operations after the Second World War
Authors: Modrzejewski Zbigniew
Published: July 2019

This paper has two purposes. From the personal side, the topic was chosen because I
am interested in the history of psychological operations. To benefit the reader, I address
psychological operations in selected military conflicts after the Second World War in order
to consider this issue.

The goal of this study is to depict examples of the psychological operations conducted after
World War II as part of military operations and examine the increasing importance of these
issues to all involved in the battle. The article describes methods and means of psychological
activities carried out by both sides in conflicts against both soldiers and civilians. Most
attention in the article is devoted to the potential of the United States, which is without
doubt a leader in the development of psychological operations. US PSYOP equipment is the
most sophisticated and covers a broad spectrum of diverse technological means of influence.
It results especially from the permanent engagement of US troops in military activities in
various parts of the world after the end of World War II.

Psychological operations have been an essential element of warfare since ancient times. The
purpose of psychological operations is to induce or reinforce foreign attitudes and behaviour
favourable to the originator’s objectives. It has been used throughout history to influence
foreign groups and leaders. Moreover, psychological operations targeted the enemy’s will to
fight. In various conflicts after World War II, we can observe more and more attention being
paid to psychological operations. Today we can observe arevolution in PSYOP capabilities.
This is related to the development of modern technologies, especially the internet, which
gives new opportunities for information transfer.
Empaques para almacenamiento refrigerado de Lima Persa (Citrus latifolia Tan.) para mercado local en Costa Rica
Authors: Marín Francisco , Hernández Sergio , Saborío Sandra
Published: July 2019

Empaques para almacenamiento refrigerado de Lima Persa (Citrus latifolia Tan.) para mercado local en Costa Rica
Normativa y procedimientos para la publicación de artículos científicos en la revista del INTA
Authors: Tecnológicos Alcances
Published: July 2019

Normativa y procedimientos para la publicación de artículos científicos en la revista del INTA
ANÁLISIS DE ESTABILIDAD DE CULTIVARES DE MAÍZ (Zea mays L.) EN AMBIENTES DE COSTA RICA
Authors: A. Bonilla Nevio
Published: July 2019

Se establecieron 21 ensayos de adaptación y rendimiento de grano de cultivares demaíz de grano blanco y amarillo durante las dos épocas de siembra de 1997 y 1998. Serealizó un análisis combinado y de estabilidad (AMMI) para los cultivares que estuvieronpresentes en las localidades de Cañas, La Cruz, Santa Cruz, Upala, Guatuso, Los Chiles,Buenos Aires, Laurel, Pejibaye y Puriscal durante los períodos mencionados. Se analizaronlos siguientes cultivares: Centella, Relámpago, 3031, A- 7573, DK-880 y Los Diamantes8843 como testigo. El análisis de varianza mostró que las localidades La Cruz y Cañas

presentaron el mayor rendimiento de grano (8,5 y 8,0 t /ha, respectivamente) y las locali-dades de Santa Cruz, Pejibaye y Upala mostraron el menor rendimiento (2,3, 2,4 y 2,4 t /ha

respectivamente). El cultivar A-7573 mostró el mayor rendimiento promedio de grano (5,6

t /ha) en todas las localidades evaluadas y el cultivar Los Diamantes 8843 presentó el me-nor rendimiento promedio (4,2 t /ha). El análisis AMMI de estabilidad para rendimiento de

grano de los cultivares indicó que la interacción genotipo por ambiente obtenida con el aná-lisis de varianza del combinado, obedece a que algunos de los genotipos estudiados pre-sentan una interacción significativa (p ≤ 0,05) con los ambientes considerados. En este sen-tido, el análisis de componentes principales mostró que el cultivar Centella interaccionó de

manera positiva con los diferentes ambientes (2,06) y los cultivares A-7573 y DK-880 inte-ractuaron de manera negativa (-1,19 y -1,76). Por esta razón, se podría afirmar que los dos

últimos requirieron de condiciones específicas para su buen desempeño, mientras que

Centella se adaptó a un rango más amplio de ambientes. Así mismo, los cultivares Relám-pago, 3031, y Los Diamantes 8843 interactuaron poco con el ambiente por lo que se con-sideran los más estables (0,93, 0,14 y 0,59).
EVALUACIÓN DE DOS HÍBRIDOS DE TOMATE Cherry (Lycopersicum sculentum Mill.) BAJO AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO EN PURISCAL, COSTA RICA
Authors: Cordero Morales Carlos , Rojas Madrigal Jorge
Published: July 2019

Se evaluó en ambiente protegido la capacidad de producción de dos híbridos de tomate Cherry y las cualidades de los frutos con miras a comercializarlos en San Juan de Puriscal entre octubre del 2004 y abril del 2005. Se utilizó un invernadero de 210 m2 donde se sembraron 180 plantas de cada uno de los híbridos Muscato y Natacha. El invernadero no contó con protección de malla antiáfidos. Se analizaron variables de producción y las características de los frutos mediante pruebas de hipótesis de comparación entre medias. El rendimiento por planta del híbrido Natacha fue de 5,4 kg y el de Muscato de 3,9 kg con una diferencia significativa (p≥0,01) entre ambas. Las diferencias de producción se pueden deber a que Natacha produjo más racimos por planta y a que sus frutos pesaron en promedio 15,04 g mientras que los del híbrido Muscato alcanzaron solamente 11,95 g. La combinación de los dos factores pudieron causar las diferencias en la producción total, ya que ambos híbridos producen la misma cantidad de frutos por racimo. El mercado en Costa Rica exige frutas con pesos cercanos a 13 g de las dos variedades se ajustaron más las frutas de Muscato, por su menor tamaño a los pesos y diámetros de fruta que se prefieren en el mercado. En el ensayo se utilizó poda dejando sólo un eje por planta; con este sistema las frutas del híbrido Natacha sobrepasan los requerimientos del mercado en cuanto a tamaño, sin embargo su potencial de producción es muy alto por lo que se sugiere tratar de reducir el tamaño de sus frutas, para lo que es necesario realizar nuevos estudios dejando dos o tres ejes por planta.
Enraizamiento de estacas de chayote (Sechium edule Jacq. SW).
Authors: Brenes Madriz Jaime , Alvarenga Venutolo Silvana , Abdelnour Esquivel Ana
Published: July 2019

El chayote para exportación se siembra principalmente en el valle de Ujarrás, en los cantones de Paraíso y Alvarado de Cartago; localidades que presentan una serie de características de suelo, clima y temperatura que favorecen su siembra. Sin embargo, uno de los principales problemas que enfrentan los productores está relacionado con el material que utilizan para la siembra, tradicionalmente el fruto o la semilla que por su naturaleza no permite la obtención de una producción morfológicamente homogénea de frutos; lo que resulta en rechazo de fruta exportable que puede alcanzar hasta el 50% de la producción. La incorporación de material de siembra propagado vegetativamente aseguraría a los productores de chayote aumentos en la uniformidad de frutos y por ende, mayores réditos por sus cosechas. En este trabajo se presenta una guía para el enraizamiento de estacas de chayote, que los productores podrían incorporar fácilmente a su actividad productiva.Palabras clave: propagación vegetativa, semilla, fruto, cucurbitácea.
O IDOSO EM AS BICICLETAS DE BELLEVILLE: A ESPESSURA SEMÂNTICA DA IMAGEM
Authors: Galvão Flávia Motta de Paula , Agustini Cármen Lúcia Hernandes
Published: July 2019

RESUMO: No presente artigo, analisamos e problematizamos o modo como o corpo idoso é significado no filme “As bicicletas de Belleville”, a fim de compreender e expor o olhar leitor a possíveis efeitos de sentido que podem afetar e constituir os espectadores, na condição de leitores. Para tanto, mobilizamos os procedimentos teórico-metodológicos da Análise de Discurso. Com a análise, foi possível compreendermos que esse objeto simbólico coloca em relação de oposição discursividades sobre o idoso de modo a instaurar uma crítica à sociedade norte-americana, em especial naquilo que ela é afetada pelo discurso capitalista neoliberal. Essa crítica, estendível às sociedades capitalistas neoliberais, movimenta a contradição constitutiva, de modo a alçar o idoso à condição de protagonista. Esse movimento produz o efeito lúdico, além de expor o modo como o idoso é significado no e pelo capitalismo mercadológico.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: discurso; significação; idoso; imagem; contradição. THE ELDERLY IN THE TRIPLETS OF BELLEVILLE: THE IMAGE'S SEMANTIC THICKNESSABSTRACT: In this article, we analyze and question how the body of the elderly is signified in the feature film “The Triplets of Belleville”, in order to understand and point out possible effects of meaning that can affect and constitute the audience taken here as readers. To this end, we mobilize theoretical and methodological procedures of Discourse Analysis. With the analysis, it was possible to understand that this symbolic object puts in a relation of opposition discursivities of the elderly that criticize the American society, especially where it is influenced by capitalist neoliberal ideologies. This criticism moves the constitutive contradiction, as to promote the elderly to the position of a protagonist. This movement produces the ludic effect, beside exposing the way in which the elderly is signified in and by the market capitalism.KEYWORDS: discourse; meaning; elderly; image; contradiction.
Book Review:
International Conference on Islamic Laws and Women in the Modern
World, GIANT Forum
Authors: Pracha Maheen
Published: July 2019

The particular volume is a compilation of the material presented at
the three day international conference on “Islamic Laws and Women in the
Modern World”, held in Islamabad in December 1996, and organised by the
Global Issues Awareness for National Thrust Forum in collaboration with the
Women’s Development Fund CIDA Islamabad. It contains the panel
discussions held between members of the nine participating countries, a
series of country reports, and several background papers on specific topics.
Science and Economic Development Conference
Science & Technology to Support Pakistan’s Economic Development
The Conference Report
Authors: ul Haque Irfan
Published: July 2019

Introduction
A conference on Science and Economic Development was held at
Hotel Pearl Continental, Lahore on 1-2 December, 1997. The event was
sponsored and organised by the Lahore School of Economics. The World
Bank provided a grant to help meet the cost of participant travel and
subsistence.
Comment:
The State and Civil Society in Pakistan
Authors: Rehman I. A.
Published: July 2019

The state of Pakistan appears to have embarked upon a process of
transforming itself. It faces a host of grave socio-political and economic
issues which manifestly do not yield to the traditional style of governance. It
has also realised that its decayed and outdated administrative system cannot
enable it to discharge its social sector obligations even on the limited scale
the population has become used to. Thus, on the one hand, it is availing of
the opportunities afforded by the rhetoric of globalisation and market
economy, and withdrawing from whatever social responsibilities to the
people it hitherto recognised - in the areas of education, health,
employment, communications, public utilities, etc.
Book Review:
Biplab Dasgupta. Structural Adjustment Global Trade and the New
Political Economy of Development. New Delhi. Sage Publications
Authors: Mahmood Mir Annice
Published: July 2019

The author has written a very topical book the relevance of which
cannot be understated. At the core of the book the author discusses the
concept of the new political economy of development which forms the
theoretical underpinnings that lie behind the structural adjustment/
stabilisation programmes of the international financial institutions such as
the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.
A Decomposition Analysis of Capital Structure: Evidence from Pakistan’s Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Yasmin Javid Attiya , Imad Qaisar
Published: July 2019

This study investigates the determinants of the various components of debt—short- and long-term debt and their categories—in the case of nonfinancial listed firms in Pakistan for the period 2008–10. We make a significant distinction between these determinants depending on the components of debt issued: long-term or short-term forms of debt. Our results show that large firms are more likely to have access to long-term debt borrowing than small firms and that, due to supply constraints, small firms resort to short-term forms of debt. Firms with higher potential for growth prefer using less long-term debt as well as debt with fewer restrictive arrangements in order to become more financially flexible. Firms with sufficient fixed assets can generate external finance more easily and at lower cost by using these assets as collateral, which supports the tradeoff theory. Firms generating high levels of profit, however, may choose to finance their investments using internal resources rather than by raising debt finance, which conforms to the pecking order theory. Our results also confirm the presence of the inertia effect and industry-specific effects, and are robust to alternative estimation techniques.
Does Access to Modern Marketing Channels Improve Dairy Enterprises’ Efficiency? A Case Study of Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Sadaf Sana , Riaz Khalid
Published: July 2019

The main objective of this study is to investigate how access to modern marketing channels impacts the efficiency of dairy enterprises. Using data on dairy farms in central Punjab (Sargodha), we carry out a nonparametric data envelopment analysis to measure their technical and scale efficiencies. The results show that, for the sample dairy enterprises, the mean technical efficiency under variable returns to scale was 0.89 while scale efficiency was 0.94. The results of a follow-on regression analysis support the hypothesis that the access to modern marketing channels, where payment for fresh milk is based on measured milk quality (fat content), improved efficiency. We find that efficiency is positively affected by the size of dairy operations, and negatively by the size of operational land area. Moreover, dairy enterprises with smaller herds tend to operate at a suboptimal scale, possibly due to credit and/or land constraints.
Book Review
McCartney, Mathew, Pakistan – The Political Economy of Growth,
Stagnation and the State, 1951–2009, Routledge, London and New
York
Authors: Gera Nina
Published: July 2019

This book is, one can assert without a doubt, sui generis, unique in
that it provides an entirely new perspective on the development of
Pakistan’s political economy. It is a thorough and objective analysis, an
eye-opener, and the author leaves no stone unturned.
Roda de conversa sobre as práticas de educação em saúde com um grupo de acadêmicos do curso de Medicina
Authors: Germani Alessandra Regina Müller , Glusczak Lissandra , Portela Silvane Nenê , Fratucci Maristela Vilas Boas
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo apresenta um relato de experiência sobre a realização de um processo educativo-reflexivo, por meio de uma roda de conversa, sobre as práticas de educação em saúde, com acadêmicos do curso de Medicina da Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul. A roda de conversa ocorreu no auditório do campus Passo Fundo, sendo dividida em quatro passos: Conhecendo o grupo, Conceituando educação em saúde, Contextualizando educação em saúde e Avaliando o encontro. Ao final, pudemos evidenciar que as manifestações dos acadêmicos estavam em sintonia com os pressupostos de uma educação em saúde libertadora/emancipatória, e que um dos grandes desafios colocados por eles se refere à produção de mais espaços dialógicos nos serviços de saúde, que estejam focados nos princípios do acolhimento e da humanização da assistência, promovendo, assim, o fortalecimento da articulação entre ensino, serviço e comunidade.
Accessibility of Persons with Disabilities in Realizing Elections with Integrity
Authors: Yusdar Yusdar
Published: July 2019

The right to vote and be elected is a constitutional right of citizens who are recognized as part of the rights to the same position in law and government. Elections are a very important momentum, in fact, the Election still often raises problems for persons with disabilities. Persons with disabilities are a group of persons with disabilities who most need special facilities so that they can choose independently so they can fulfill the principle of elections, namely Direct, General, Free and Confidential and Honest and Fair. So that the political rights of persons with disabilities have not been maximally fulfilled through the provision of accessibility in elections for them. This research is normative legal research. By using several methods of approach, namely: Legislative approach (statute approach), conceptual approach (conceptual approach), case approach (case approach). The results of the study show that the provision of accessibility space, not only on the momentum of giving rights (giving ballots to be tested) to persons with disabilities on voting days and hours in elections but giving accessibility to persons with disabilities in elections was given since the stages of election implementation were echoed. Ideally, Disabled Persons must have access as election organizers as well as election participants. The accessibility of persons with disabilities should not only be given to access rights as voters on the day and time of voting.

Keywords:People with Disabilities; Elections; Integrity
VALUE CHAIN STRATEGY ANALYSIS ON COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IMPROVEMENT IN HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY: CASE OF RUMAH SAKIT KHUSUS BEDAH CINTA KASIH TZU CHI
Authors: Rachmawati Indriyani , Sularto Lana
Published: July 2019

Cinta Kasih Tzu Chi Surgical Hospital or known as Rumah Sakit Khusus Bedah (RSKB) Cinta Kasih Tzu Chi is a hospital built based on humanism service. Referring to the increase of people aware of the quality of health service and highly competitive in the healthcare industry caused the hospital to improve its competitive advantage to get the market and handle the rivalry. Hence, the researcher had been motivated to conduct research the strategy of RSKB Cinta Kasih Tzu Chi with value chain activities approach supported with five forces porter and environmental analysis. Data collection methods are observation, interview, questionnaire, and literature review. The researcher arranged the result or response by method successive internal software to get the rating for each element of value chain activities. On primary activities of the value chain, it showed that implementation of post-service and point of service has been well applied and gave a contribution in developing of competitive advantage, so do S2 on supporting activities. However, it requires improvement and development on pre-service for primary or collective structure and strategic resources for supporting activities.

Keywords: Competitive advantage, Healthcare industry, Strategy, Value chain
Task design to foster the competence in social decision making on mathematics education
Authors: Nishimura Keiichi , Honda Chiharu
Published: July 2019

As society continues to progress, it is becoming increasingly more important to mathematically deal with issues, take risks and uncertainty into account, clarify the grounds for participating in judgements or decision making, and make critical deliberations. This competence is defined as "decision making”. We present the design of a task about saving more lives with automatic external defibrillators (AEDs) in order to foster this competency in mathematics lessons. In methodological terms, we use Lesson Study tocarefully anticipate the process of students’ finding and solving problems. We review the design from different viewpoints, such as “What times and how should all the students in the class study?” or “When and what kind of materials should be presented?”
ANALISIS EFISIENSI DAN EFEKTIVITAS PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAERAH KABUPATEN MINAHASA TENGGARA
Authors: Manopo Novlie , Rotinsulu Debby Christina , Murni Sri
Published: July 2019

Abstrak Pengelolaan keuangan Daerah yang maksimal guna meningkatkan perekonomian dengan menggenjot sector-sektor potensial yang dimiliki serta membuat kebijakan yang benar-benar mengena kepada msyarakat merupakan semangat utama dalam otonomi daerah, yang mendesentralisasikan kewenangan dan keuangan dari pusat ke daerah. Selain itu pemerintah daerah juga dituntut untuk bisa meningkatkan sumber pendapatannya dan perlahan-lahan bisa berada di tahap kemandirian dan mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap dana alokasi dari pemerintah pusat. Kata kunci  : Efektivitas, Efisiensi, Pendapatan Asli daerah, Otonomi Abstract The financial management area is the maximum in order to boost the economy by boosting the potential sectors that are owned and create policies that really hit the msyarakat is the main spirit of regional autonomy, which is decentralizing authority and finance from the center to the regions. In addition, local governments are also required to be able to increase its revenue sources and slowly could be in the stage of self-sufficiency and reduce dependence on allocation of funds from the central government. Keywords : Effectiveness, Efficiency, Local Revenue, Autonomy
Pembuatan Sabun Mandi Padat dari VCO yang Mengandung Karotenoid Wortel
Authors: Langingi Raymon , Momuat Lidya I. , Kumaunang Maureen G.
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan konsentrasi NaOH yang optimum untuk direaksikan dengan VCO mengandung karotenoid wortel guna menghasilkan sabun mandi padat yang memenuhi kualitas Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) No. 06-3532-1994. Pembuatan sabun mandi diawali dengan penentuan bilangan penyabunan, yang digunakan pada perhitungan konsentrasi NaOH, yakni 25%, 30% dan 35%. Sabun mandi padat yang dihasilkan diuji kualitasnya menurut SNI No. 06-3532-1994. Bilangan penyabunan dari VCO mengandung karotenoid wortel diperoleh sebesar 173,18 mg. Sabun mandi pada semua konsentrasi NaOH memenuhi SNI untuk uji jumlah asam lemak, alkali bebas dan asam lemak bebas. Untuk kadar air, sabun yang memenuhi SNI ada pada konsentrasi NaOH 35%, dan minyak mineral pada konsentrasi NaOH 30%. Sabun pada semua konsentrasi NaOH tidak memenuhi SNI untuk uji lemak netral. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa belum diperoleh konsentrasi NaOH yang optimum untuk pembuatan sabun mandi padat dari VCO mengandung karotenoid wortel yang memenuhi kualitas SNI No. 06-3532-1994. Sabun mandi yang mendekati kualitas SNI ada pada konsetrasi NaOH 30% dan 35%.
Analisis Daerah Dugaan Seismic Gap di Sulawesi Utara dan sekitarnya
Authors: Wibowo Sandy Nur Eko , . As'ari , Raharjo Slamet Suyitno
Published: July 2019

Seismic gap adalah kawasan yang aktif secara tektonik namun sangat jarang mengalami gempabumi dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Terdapat dua daerah dugaan seismic gap yang terdapat di daerah Sulawesi Utara antara lain daerah Laut Maluku dan Laut Sulawesi. Pada penelitian ini akan dianalisis sejauh mana potensi bahaya dua daerah dugaan seismic gap tersebut didasarkan pada profil perubahan parameter seismotektonik nilai b, analisis mekanisme fokus, perubahan nilai rasio vp/vs, periode ulang gempabumi dan prediksi parameter patahan di dua daerah penelitian. Diperoleh bahwa hanya daerah dugaan seismic gap di Laut Maluku yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai daerah seismic gap yang berpotensi menimbulkan gempabumi dengan energi besar dan tsunami sebagai efek terusan gempabumi.Seismic gap is a tectonically active region, but very rarely experienced earthquakes in the long term. There are two alleged seismic gap area of the North Sulawesi region, that are Maluku Sea and the Sulawesi Sea areas. This research analyzed potential danger of the two alleged seismic gap area in North Sulawesi based on b value seismotectonic profile parameter changes, the analysis of the focal mechanism, changes in the value of the ratio vp/vs, earthquake recurrence period, and fault parameters prediction at the two areas. It was found that the alleged area of Maluku Sea could be categorized as a seismic gap area with a potentially earthquake and tsunami energy which was the after effects of the earthquake.
Pola Aktivitas Harian Tangkasi (Tarsius spectrum) Di Taman Marga Satwa Naemundung Kota Bitung
Authors: Manori Orpa Smarce Fransina , De Queljoe Edwin , . Saroyo , Siahaan Parluhutan
Published: July 2019

Tangkasi (Tarsius spectrum) adalah primata primitif dari Famili Tarsidae dan merupakan primata endemik di Sulawesi. Tangkasi memiliki tubuh kecil, mempunyai mata bulat besar, dapat melompat dan dapat membalik 180˚. Karena keunikan yang dimiliki hewan ini menjadikannya disukai banyak orang sehingga diburu, diperdagangkan secara illegal dan dijadikan sebagai hewan peliharaan. Padahal tangkasi (T. spectrum) dilindungi, termasuk kategori rentan (Vulnerable) dan tercantum dalam CITES Appendix II. Tangkasi yang telah dikandangkan akan mengalami  perubahan perilaku dibanding yang ada di alam. Penelitian aktivitas harian tangkasi yang ada di dalam kandang belum pernah dilakukan di Sulawesi Utara, oleh karena itu, maka penelitian ini perlu dilakukan. Penelitian yang menganalisis aktivitas harian dan tingkah laku tangkasi (T. spectrum) di dalam kandang khususnya dilihat dari aktivitas makan, mencari makan, beristirahat, berpindah, dan aktivitas sosial. Metode pengambilan data secara Instantaneous sampling. Hasil pengamatan terhadap pola aktivitas harian di kandang yaitu : makan (1,5%), mencari makan (8,5%), berpindah (26,8%), instirahat (57,5%), dan sosial (5,5%). Aktivitas tertinggi adalah istirahat, diikuti dengan aktivitas berpindah, kemudian mencari makan, sosial dan yang terendah adalah aktivitas makan.Tangkasi (Tarsius spectrum) is a primitive primate from Family Tarsidae and a  endemic primate in Sulawesi. Tangkasi have a small body, and ayeball, they can jump and their can head flipped until 180˚. Tangkasi already caged will experience a change in behavior campared to the wild. Many  people hunt, trade illegally and use it as pet because of the uniqueness of this species.  Even though tangkasi (T. spectrum) is protected, included in vulnerable category and listed in CITES Appendix II. Research on daily activity of tangkasi in the cage has never been done in North Sulawesi, therefore, this research needs to be done. Studies analyzing daily activities and behavior tangkasi (T. spectrum) in the cage in terms of the activity of eating, foraging, resting, moving, and social activities. Data were collected by using Instantaneous sampling method. The observation of the daily activity patterns in the cage namely: eating (1.5%), foraging (8.5%), moving (26.8%), resting (57.5%), and social (5.5%) . The highest activity is resting, followed by moving activity, foraging, social and respectively the lowest is feeding activity.
Estimasi Densitas Tangkasi (Tarsius tarsier) di Luar Kawasan Hutan Hujan Tropis Dataran Rendah Sulawesi Utara Berdasarkan Sampling Duet Call
Authors: Polii Indra , . Saroyo , Wahyudi Lalu , Kolondam Beivy J.
Published: July 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang densitas tangkasi (Tarsius tarsier) di luar kawasan hutan tropis dataran rendah Sulawesi Utara berdasarkan sampling duet call dengan tujuan untuk membandingkan densitasnya pada beberapa tipe habitat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Batuputih untuk habitat pertanian, mangrove, dan semak; serta Gunung Klabat untuk habitat hutan dataran tinggi. Waktu penelitian dari bulan Mei sampai Juli 2013. Metode penelitian didasarkan pada sampling berdasarkan duet call dengan plot berbentuk lingkaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan densitas tangkasi ialah: 2,94 ekor/ha pada hutan dataran tinggi; 1,60 ekor/ha pada areal pertanian; 7,66 ekor/ha pada mangrove; dan 8,17 ekor/ha pada semak.A research about density of tangkasi (Tarsius tarsier) at the outside of lowland forest habitat in North Sulawesi has conducted to compare their density at several habitats based on the duet call. Research was done in Batuputih for farming area, mangrove, and shrub habitats and in Klabat Mountain for highland forest habitat. Time of research was May to July 2013. Method used was based on duet call sampling with circle plots. Results of this research were: density of tangkasi was 2.94 individuals/ha at highland forest, 1.60 individuals/ha at farming area, 7.66 individuals/ha at mangrove; and 8.17 individuals/ha at shrub.
Kinetika Fotodegradasi Remazol Yellow Menggunakan Zeolit A Terimpregnasi TiO2
Authors: Titdoy Suhardi , Wuntu Audy D. , Kamu Vanda S.
Published: July 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang kinetika fotodegradasi remazol yellow dengan menggunakan zeolit A terimpregnasi TiO2. Jumlah TiO2 divariasikan dalam perbandingan berat zeolit A : TiO2 sebesar 1:0.4, 1:0.6, 1:0.8, 1:1, 1:1.2, dan 1:1,4 g/g. Eksperimen kinetika dilakukan melalui penentuan konsentrasi remazol yellow yang tersisa setelah interaksi zeolit A : TiO2 dengan larutan remazol yellow yang disinari UV pada waktu 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, dan 90 menit. Selanjutnya data dianalisis mengikuti model kinetika reaksi orde-1. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa semakin tinggi jumlah TiO2 dalam material  zeolit A : TiO2 maka semakin kecil laju fotodegradasi. Perbandingan berat 1:0,4 menghasilkan laju fotodegradasi paling besar dengan konstanta laju sebesar 0,0184 menit-1.A research on photodegradation kinetics of remazol yellow using TiO2-impregnated A-type zeolite has been done. The amount of TiO2 was varied in weight ratio of zeolite A : TiO2 which were 1:0.4, 1:0.6, 1:0.8, 1:1, 1:1.2, and 1:1.4 g/g. Kinetics experiment was performed by determining the concentration of remazol yellow remained after the interaction of zeolite A : TiO2 with remazol yellow solution that is illuminated by UV-light at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 90 minutes. Data obtained was analyzed using first-order reaction kinetics model. The results showed that the higher the amount of TiO2 in the mixture of zeolite A : TiO2 material, the smaller the rate of photodegradation. The weight ratio of 1:0.4 produced the greatest rate of photodegradation with rate constant of 0.0184 min­­­­-1.
Penambahan Ekstrak Pegagan (Centella asiatica) Sebagai Anti kontaminan pada Medium In Vitro Alternatif Perkecambahan Anggrek Dendrobium macrophyllum A. Rich
Authors: Martiwi Ika Nugraheni Ari , Wahyuni Endang Sri
Published: July 2019

Kondisi aseptis mutlak diperlukan dalam kultur jaringan tumbuhan. Salah satu strategi untuk meminimalisasi terjadinya kontaminasi adalah dengan menambahkan senyawa antifungi dan antibakteri. Centella asiatica atau pegagan dikenal sebagai salah satu tanaman yang mengandung senyawa yang bersifat antimikrobia dan antifungi, sebagai antioksidan dan antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak pegagan yang berpotensi sebagai antikontaminan pada perkecambahan anggrek Dendrobium macrophyllum dalam medium alternatif pupuk daun dan penambahan ekstrak ragi. Penelitian ini menggunakan biji anggrek umur 4 bulan yang ditanam dalam medium VW dan pupuk daun dengan penambahan variasi bahan organik berupa ekstrak ragi dan ekstrak pegagan. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi Media pupuk daun 1,5 g/l, ekstrak ragi 1,25 g/l, dan ekstrak daun pegagan 5 % merupakan media optimal untuk perkecambahan biji anggrek Dendrobium macrophyllum karena dapat bertahan aseptis, memiliki waktu inisiasi biji berkecambah tercepat, jumlah prosentase perkecambahan terbanyak dan warna protocorm hijau segar.

Aseptic conditions of explants is absolutely necessary in plant tissue culture. One of strategies to minimize contamination is adding antimicrobial compounds. Centella asiatica is known as one of the plants containing compounds with antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial and antifungal properties. This study aimed to determinate the effect of C. asiatica extracts as an anti-contaminant on orchid germination medium. Four months old orchid seeds were planted in medium foliar fertilizer and yeast extract supplemented by C. asiatica extract with various concentration and medium VW as a control. The results showed that the optimum media for orchid seeds germination consisted of 1,5 g/l of foliar fertilizer, 1,25 g/l of yeast extract, 5% of C. asiatica extract based on germination time, the number of protocorm and the fresh green colour of protocorm as compared with other treatments.
Distribusi Dan Diversitas Serangga Tanah Di Taman Hutan Raya Gunung Tumpa Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Basna Mailani , Koneri Roni , Papu Adelfia
Published: July 2019

Serangga tanah merupakan jenis dari serangga yang seluruh atau sebagian hidupnya berada di tanah. Serangga tanah berperan penting dalam ekosistem yaitu membantu proses pelapukan bahan organik dan keberadaan serta aktivitasnya berpengaruh positif terhadap sifat kimia fisik tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji distribusi dan diversitas serangga tanah di Gunung Tumpa, Sulawesi Utara. Lokasi pengambilan sampel terdiri dari tiga tipe habitat yaitu, hutan primer, hutan sekunder dan lahan perkebunan. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan perangkap sumuran (Pitfall trap). Hasil penelitian  ditemukan serangga tanah sebanyak 10 ordo, 23 famili, 28 genus, 33 morfospesies dan 21100 individu.  Ordo Hymenoptera didominasi oleh famili Formicidae. Pola distribusi serangga tanah di Gunung Tumpa berkelompok. Indeks diversitas spesies di Gunung Tumpa tergolong sedang (H = 2,62). Kelimpahan spesies dan indeks diversitas spesies serangga tanah tertinggi ditemukan pada hutan primer, sedangkan yang terendah pada lahan perkebunan dan hutan sekunder.Soil Insects is a type of insect that all or part of his life was on the ground. Soil insects plays an important role in the ecosystem that is helping the process of weathering and the presence of organic matter as well as its activities towards the positive effect of physical chemical properties of the soil. This research aims to identify, examine the distribution and diversity of insects land on Mount Tumpa, North Sulawesi. Location of sampling consists of three types of habitat i.e., primary forest, secondary forest and plantations. The technique of sampling using Pitfall trap. Results of the study found as many as 10 soil insect orders, 23 families, 28 genera, 33 morfospesies and 21100 individuals. The order of Hymenoptera is dominated by the Formicidae. The pattern of soil insect distribution in Gunung Tumpa is clumped. Index of species diversity in Mt. Tumpa belongs to moderate (H = 2.62). The highest abudance and diversity index of soil insect species were found in primary forest, while the lowest was on plantation and secondary forest.