bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El curioso contemplador de la naturaleza: la estética de lo sublime en los escritos literarios de G. M. de Jovellanos
Authors: de Lorenzo Álvarez Elena
Published: November 2016

Lo sublime es una de las categorías culturales del siglo
Etapas de la subjetividad hispánica
Authors: Leopold Stephan
Published: November 2016

En base a los conceptos de Hegel, Althusser y Greenblatt esbozaré formas de una subjetividad hispánica que se desarrolla y concretiza frente a un Otro, sumamente prestigioso y poderoso. Empezaré con
Physiognomic structure of agro-forestry landscapes: method of evaluation and guidelines for design, on the example of the West Polesie Biosphere Reserve
Authors: Chmielewski Tadeusz J. , Kułak Agnieszka , Michalik-Śnieżek Malwina , Lorens Bogdan
Published: November 2016

Harmonious planning of agro-forestry landscapes plays a increasing role in building a social satisfaction flowing from the high quality of the environment on the rural areas. It is also a very good way to create a unique place identity of protected areas, rest areas etc. especially valuable regions. The objectives of the paper are: 1) elaboration the method of evaluation and mapping the physiognomic landscape composition on the rural areas with a high natural values; 2) testing this method on dominated by forests, peatbogs and arable lands the central part of the West Polesie UNESCO Biosphere Reserve (Eastern Poland); 3) formulation of guidelines on the design of landscape interiors and view openings composition, highlighting the unique features of West Polesie landscape and building a sense of the place identity; 4) to show the necessary to enshrine the values of physiognomic landscape composition in land use policy. In evaluation and mapping the landscape composition, a special attention was paid to the role of agro-forest ecotones. The results of the research part of the study as well as a guidelines on landscape design have been presented in the form of a map, study figures and a description.
Evaluating Applicability of Four Recursive Algorithms for Computation of the Fully Normalized Associated Legendre Functions
Authors: Lei Weiwei , Li Kai
Published: November 2016

There are four recursive algorithms used in the computation of the fully normalized associated Legendre functions (FNALFs): the standard forward column algorithm, the standard forward row algorithm, the recursive algorithm between every other degree, and the Belikov algorithm. These algorithms were evaluated in terms of their first relative numerical accuracy, second relative numerical accuracy, and computation speed and efficiency. The results show that when the degree
Evaluation of cytotoxic, analgesic, antidiarrheal and phytochemical properties of Hygrophila spinosa (T. Anders) whole plant
Authors: Bellah S.M. Faysal , Islam Md. Nur , Karim Md. Rezaul , Rahaman Md. Masudur , Nasrin Mst. Samima , Rahman Md. Atiar , Reza A.S.M. Ali
Published: November 2016

Background:

Synthetic drugs are going to be replaced by plant-derived traditional drugs due to their cost effectiveness, relatively less harmfulness, and efficacy against multidrug resistance organisms. Hygrophila spinosa (Acanthaceae) has been used in a wide range of ailments including flatulence, diarrhea, dysentery, gonorrhea, and menorrhagia. Therefore, we investigated the cytotoxic, antinociceptive, and antidiarrheal effects of H. spinosa ethanol extract (EExHs).

Methods:

Preliminary phytochemical screening was accomplished by established methods modified in experimental protocol. EExHs was undertaken for cytotoxic assay by Brine shrimp lethality bioassay, antinociceptive action by acetic acid induced writhing test, and antidiarrheal activity by castor oil induced antidiarrheal test. Data were analyzed by GraphPad Prism 6.0 software using Dunnett’s test for multiple comparisons.

Results:

Reducing sugar, steroid, glycoside, tannin, alkaloid, saponins, and flavonoids were found to be present in EExHs. Lethal concentration (LC50) of EExHs for brine shrimps was 50.59 µg/mL which was relatively lower than that of the standard drug vincristine sulfate. In acetic acid induced writhing test, oral administration of EExHs at three different doses (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) decreased writhing in dose-dependent manner while the highest dose (500 mg/kg) achieved the maximum percentages of pain inhibition (58.8%). Diclofenac sodium (25 mg/kg) was used as a reference antinociceptive drug. The antidiarrheal action of EExHs was not found to be very promising for further use; however, the pure compounds from EExHs could be analyzed to justify the effects.

Conclusions:

This research demonstrates that the secondary metabolites guided cytotoxic and analgesic effects could be extensively studied in multiple models to confirm the effects.
Rethinking Crisis Communications on Campus: An Evaluation of Faculty and Staff Perceptions about Emergency Notification Systems
Authors: Elsass H. Jaymi , McKenna Joseph M. , Schildkraut Jaclyn
Published: November 2016

The use of emergency notification systems on college and university campuses nationwide have been a focus since the 2007 shooting at Virginia Tech. In the aftermath, many of these institutions sought to install new emergency notification systems, or overhaul existing systems, to alert students in the event a similar incident took place on their campus. Researchers also began to focus on these systems by exploring their implementation and effectiveness; despite such advances in the literature, however, a noticeable gap persists. Specifically, much of the research focuses on the technology rather than the users themselves. Conducted at a large southwestern university, the present study sought to narrow this void by examining the perceptions and employment of the system by a key group of users – faculty and staff members – who often are considered the first line of defense in emergencies on campus. The findings not only highlight the continued need for multimodal notification systems, but also better education and training with relation to their use to increase user engagement and improve overall operations. Limitations of the study, directions for future research, and related policy implications for universities also are discussed.
Multicultural society from view of university students
Authors: Sirotová Mariana , Michvocíková Veronika
Published: November 2016

The article focuses on exploring the way in which Slovakia is viewed as a multicultural society by sampling university students with a survey. For that reason, the aim was to examine the extent that participation in the educational process at university affects opinions held by the university students on the existence of a multicultural society in Slovakia. The theoretical part of the article defines basic key terms associated with the given issue. The aim of the article’s empirical examination is to analyse the formation of opinions of the surveyed students connected with the topic of a multicultural society in the educational process at universities. 200 university students participated in our empirical research. Data were collected in the course of April 2016 through a questionnaire prepared in advance. Processing and subsequent univariant, bivariant and multivariant analyses of the collected data were carried out using the statistical software SPSS 2.
Teaching Jessica: race, religion, and gender inThe Merchant of Venice
Authors: Sicher Efraim
Published: November 2016

The Jew’s “fair daughter” in Shakespeare’s playThe Merchant of Veniceconverts and marries a Christian, Lorenzo. Recent attention, however, to changing ideas of race and identity in the early modern period has brought into question the divisions of Christian/Jew/Moor. Can Jessica convert and no longer be considered the Jew’s daughter? As “gentle” and “fair” is she to be considered gentile and in no way dark (spiritually or racially)? Jessica’s conversion has apparently little religious meaning, but rather she is saved from the Jew her father by marriage to Lorenzo, who becomes Shylock’s heir. Is Jessica’s conversion to be considered a matter of convenience that might, as Launcelot quips, raise the price of hogs, or is it also to be counted as an ideological and racial conversion that reveals underlying anxieties about gender, sexuality, and religious identity? This essay attempts to argue against the grain of the performance history ofThe Merchant History, which often downplays the role of Jessica or revises the text of the play, and returns to the text in order to contextualize the conversion of Jessica in contemporary discourses of gender, race, and religion in England’s expansionist colonialism and proto-capitalist commerce. The conversion of Jessica can be seen in that context as an exchange of monetary and ethical value, in which women’s sexuality also had a price-tag. These questions have implications for the teaching of the play and for the understanding of its concerns with unstable sexual, religious, and national identities.
Successful treatment of a child with a prolactin secreting macroadenoma with temozolomide
Authors: Felker James , Patterson Brianna , Wrubel David , Janss Anna
Published: November 2016

Prolactinomas are a rare subset of brain tumors in pediatrics. We report a child with a prolactin secreting macroadenoma which was refractory to initial treatment with a dopamine antagonist. Given the location of her tumor she was ineligible for surgical resection. Temozolomide (200 mg/m
The effects of type 1 diabetes mellitus on cardiac functions in children: evaluation by conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography
Authors: Ozdemir Osman , Koksoy Adem Yasin , Bulus Ayse Derya , Andiran Nesibe , Yagli Elif
Published: November 2016

Background:

Several studies have pointed out the existence of cardiac dysfunction in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) even in the absence of ischemic, valvular, or hypertensive heart disease. The present study evaluated cardiac dysfunction and the relationship between severity of disease and degree of cardiac dysfunction in children with type 1 DM.

Methods:

In this prospective study, 31 patients with type 1 DM and 33 sex- and age-matched healthy children were evaluated with conventional echocardiography and tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDE). A correlation between cardiac functions and glycated hemoglobin (HbA

Results:

TDE results indicated that mitral valve early diastolic annular peak flow rate (E′), mitral valve systolic flow rate (S′), ratio of mitral valve early diastolic peak flow rate to mitral valve early diastolic annular peak flow rate (E/E′), and left ventricular (LV) myocardial performance index (MPI) were higher, and LV ejection time (ET) was shorter in patients with type 1 DM (p<0.05). In addition, tricuspid valve E′ and right ventricular (RV) MPI were higher, while RV ET and tricuspid E/E′ were lower in patients with type 1 DM compared to healthy children (p<0.05).

Conclusions:

Although conventional echocardiography revealed no difference between patients with type 1 DM and healthy children, TDE showed dysfunctions of both ventricles. This state is closely related to degree of blood glucose level control. These findings signify diagnostic value of TDE in the early detection of cardiac effects among patients with type 1 DM.
Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activites of some dithiophosphate silane complexes
Authors: El khaldy Adnan A.S. , Janen Afef , Abushanab Alaa , Stallworth Ebony
Published: November 2016

The compounds MeCl
Crystal structure of (E)-2-({4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-[(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)methyl]phenyl} methylidene)-1-indanone, C23H26N2O3
Authors: Tugrak Mehtap , Aydin Abdullah , Gul Halise Inci , Sahin Ertan , Akkurt Mehmet
Published: November 2016

C23H26N2O3, triclinic, P1̅ (No. 2), a = 10.6646(19) Å, b = 10.7784(17) Å, c = 11.150(2) Å, α = 67.787(7)°, β = 64.309(7)°, γ = 64.271(7)°, V = 1011.6(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0502, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1481, T = 293 K.
The importance of staff to the efficiency of the tax agency
Authors: Höglund Mats
Published: November 2016

The Swedish Tax Agency is responsible for controlling as well as informing and assisting the taxpayers. Even if these tasks are not necessarily contradictory, they can be difficult to perform all at once. In their performance of duties, tax agency employees have to meet the expectations of the management as well as of the taxpayers. The goal fulfilment of the Tax Agency is contingent on the organisation’s ability to provide a stress-free working environment. Stress may cause physical and psychological problems.
Middle Dorset Communal Structures on Victoria Island
Authors: Friesen T. Max
Published: November 2016

This paper describes a cluster of large communal structures in the Oxford Bay region of
southeastern Victoria Island in Nunavut, Arctic Canada. The structures consist of linear stone outlines of
up to 24 meters in length, and resemble the relatively well-documented Late Dorset longhouses which have
been found across much of the Eastern Arctic. However, radiocarbon dates indicate that the Oxford Bay
structures were built and used from roughly 200 to 600-700 cal AD, placing them in the Middle Dorset
period. Elsewhere, Middle Dorset communal structures are rare, making the Oxford Bay phenomenon
unique. The sites are interpreted as resulting from population aggregations associated with the fall caribou
hunt, and may represent direct predecessors of the more widespread Late Dorset longhouses.
Phosphorus in Sintered Steels: Effect of Phosphorus Content and P Carrier in Sintered Steel Fe-C-P
Authors: Üregen B. , Gierl-Mayer C. , Danninger H.
Published: November 2016

Phosphorus as an alloy element is quite common in powder metallurgy, the contents industrially used being markedly higher than those present in wrought steels. In this study, the influence of phosphorus addition through different P carriers was investigated. PM steels of the type Fe-0.7%C-x%P (x = 0.0 … 0.8%) were manufactured by pressing and sintering in H2. It showed that Fe3P is the best phosphorus carrier, resulting in fine and regular microstructure and in high impact energy data at 0.3 … 0.45%P while red P and also Fe2P showed a tendency to agglomeration, with resulting secondary porosity. At high P levels the mechanical properties tend to drop, for the tensile strength at P > 0.60%P while for the impact energy the threshold is 0.45%P. The dimensional behaviour of Fe-C-P can be related to PM aluminium alloys, expansion by transient liquid phase being followed by shrinkage by persistent liquid phase, at least at higher temperatures. In contrast to the dimensional behaviour, degassing and reduction is hardly affected by the phosphorus content.
Neutron capture cross section measurements and theoretical calculation for the186W(n,γ)187W reaction
Authors: Al-abyad Mogahed , Mohamed Gehan Y.
Published: November 2016

Neutron capture cross section (σ0) and resonance integral (I0) of the reaction186W(n,γ)187W were measured experimentally using the research reactor (ETRR-2) and an Am–Be neutron source, also calculated using TALYS-1.6 code. The present results ofσ0are (39.08±2.6, 38.75±0.98 and 38.33 barn) andI0are (418.5±74, 439.3±36 and 445.5 barn) by using the reactor, neutron source and TALYS-1.6, respectively. The present results are in acceptable agreement with most of the previous experimental and evaluated data as well as the theoretical calculations.
Large Custom Mount for a Drawing on Tracing Paper
Authors: Smith Theresa J. , Brückle Irene , Meyer Fabienne
Published: November 2016

As a mount support for a large drawing on tracing paper, six honeycomb panels were adhered with Primal AC 33 acrylic adhesive to a wooden latticed strainer. The 13 mm-thick honeycomb panels were lap joined and the overlapping edges tacked down with Beva® 371 heat seal film (0.025 mm thickness) to conceal the joins. Japanese paper hinges were adhered at strategic and unobtrusive locations along the top and right verso edges of the drawing and threaded through the honeycomb panel for attachment on its verso. After the top hinges had been secured to the mount, the drawing was allowed to settle in a vertical position and then the remaining hinges were secured to the mount. The spaces between the lattice bars on the verso were filled with honeycomb panel pieces for added mechanical protection and moisture migration control. Mount and drawing are in good condition after 10 years.
Primary histiocytic sarcoma of the uterine cervix: an extremely rare entity
Authors: Binesh Fariba , Karimi-Zarchi Mojgan , Vahidfar Mohammad Reza , Hadgiabadi Zahra Kargar
Published: November 2016

Objective. Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an extraordinary rare tumor and it has an offensive clinical course. HS of the uterine cervix is a far uncommon tumor with just a few cases described so far. Here we presented a case of primary HS of the uterine cervix in a 62-year-old female initially misdiagnosed as large cell non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of HS of the uterine cervix from Iran.

Case report. The patient presented with post-menopausal vaginal bleeding. Further evaluations revealed the presence of a relatively large cervical mass that was sampled. Under the preliminary diagnosis of large cell non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, the patient underwent radical surgery. Postoperative pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of HS of the uterine cervix. The patient received chemotherapy.

Conclusion. Clinical presentations of HS of the uterine cervix are very similar to more common cervical tumors; as a result its diagnosis relies on immunohistochemical methods. A correct diagnose could lead to the proper and timely treatment.
The effect of an educational intervention in family phisicians on self-rated quality of life in patients with medically unexplained symptoms
Authors: Ivetić Vojislav , Pašić Klemen , Selič Polona
Published: November 2016

Introduction

Medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) are very common in family medicine, despite being a poorly-defined clinical entity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention (EI) on self-rated quality of life, treatment satisfaction, and the family physician-patient relationship in patients with MUS.

Methods

In a multi-centre longitudinal intervention study, which was performed between 2012 and 2014, patients were asked to rate their quality of life, assess their depression, anxiety, stress and somatisation, complete the Hypochondriasis Index, the Medical Interview Satisfaction Scale and the Patient Enablement Instrument for assessing the physician-patient relationship, before and after the EI.

Results

The mean values before and after the intervention showed that after the EI, patients with MUS gave a lower (total) mean rating of their health issues and a higher rating of their quality of life, and they also had a more positive opinion of their relationship with the physician (p<0.05). However, there were no differences in the (total) rating of treatment satisfaction before and after the EI (p=0.423). Significant differences in the symptoms in patients with MUS before and after the intervention were confirmed for stress, somatisation and hypochondriasis (p<0.05).

Conclusions

It could be beneficial to equip family physicians with the knowledge, skills and tools to reduce hypochondriasis and somatisation in MUS patients, which would improve patients’ self-rated health status.
Helminths of Wild Predatory Mammals (Mammalia, Carnivora) of Ukraine. Trematodes
Authors: Korol E. N. , Varodi E. I. , Kornyushin V. V. , Malega A. M.
Published: November 2016

The paper summarises information on 11 species of trematodes parasitic in 9 species of wild carnivorans of Ukraine. The largest number of trematode species (9) was found in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Alaria alata (Diplostomidae) appeared to be the most common trematode parasite in the studied group; it was found in 4 host species from 9 administrative regions and Crimea.
The Battles between Ramesses III and the “Sea-Peoples”
Authors: Ben-Dor Evian Shirly
Published: November 2016

While building on previous works by such scholars as Heinz and Spalinger, the article presents a new methodology specifically devised for the analysis of Egyptian war reliefs. The article contends that many historical reconstructions regarding the “Sea-Peoples” have ignored the basic principles of ancient Egyptian iconic art and preferred intuitive interpretations of the reliefs. This has led to historical misconceptions about the battles and aggressors. The new analysis provides a holistic reading of the reliefs within their context and is thereby able to present new insights as to the location of the battles and the nature of the “Sea-Peoples”.
A Stelophorous Statue in the Collection of National Museums Scotland
Authors: Scrivens Edward
Published: November 2016

A.1885.137 is a previously unpublished stelophorous statue in the collections of National Museums Scotland in Edinburgh. The following article provides a brief history and description of the object, translations of its inscriptions, discussions of its context within the wider object category (including the role of stelophorous statues in mediating solar and Osirian associations in New Kingdom tomb spaces, and the utility of material anthropology in developing a more dynamic understanding of these objects), and an evaluation of A.1885.137 and similar examples as members of a possible sub-group of stelophorous statues.
A Green Approach to the Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide using Sodium Humate
Authors: Xiang Ning , Huang Jiguo , Zhao Honggang , Liu Chengjia , Liu Xingjuan
Published: November 2016

A green and simple chemistry approach was demonstrated to prepare reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using sodium humate (SH) as the reducing agent. Without using toxic and harmful chemicals, this method is environmentally friendly and suitable for the large-scale production of graphene. At first, the improved Hummers method to oxidize graphite for the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) was applied, and then the as-prepared GO was reduced by SH to form rGO. Characterization was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) and Raman spectra. The intensity ratio of the D and G band (ID/IG) of GO after reduction with SH increases from 0.96 (GO) to 1.11 (rGO), the results obtained from the Raman spectra proved high purity of the final products.
Inactivation of the type I interferon pathway reveals long double‐stranded RNA‐mediated RNA interference in mammalian cells
Authors: Maillard Pierre V , Van der Veen Annemarthe G , Deddouche‐Grass Safia , Rogers Neil C , Merits Andres , Reis e Sousa Caetano
Published: November 2016

RNA interference (RNAi) elicited by long double‐stranded (ds) or base‐paired viral RNA constitutes the major mechanism of antiviral defence in plants and invertebrates. In contrast, it is controversial whether it acts in chordates. Rather, in vertebrates, viral RNAs induce a distinct defence system known as the interferon (IFN) response. Here, we tested the possibility that the IFN response masks or inhibits antiviral RNAi in mammalian cells. Consistent with that notion, we find that sequence‐specific gene silencing can be triggered by long dsRNAs in differentiated mouse cells rendered deficient in components of the IFN pathway. This unveiled response is dependent on the canonical RNAi machinery and is lost upon treatment of IFN‐responsive cells with type I IFN. Notably, transfection with long dsRNA specifically vaccinates IFN‐deficient cells against infection with viruses bearing a homologous sequence. Thus, our data reveal that RNAi constitutes an ancient antiviral strategy conserved from plants to mammals that precedes but has not been superseded by vertebrate evolution of the IFN system.
Nitric oxide (NO) stimulates steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis in fish
Authors: Singh Vinay Kumar , Lal Bechan
Published: November 2016

The present study was undertaken to understand the physiological significance of the existence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)/nitric oxide (NO) system in fish ovary. For this, two doses of NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 25 µg and 50 µg) and NOS inhibitor, N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 50 µg and 100 µg)/100 g body weight were administered during the two reproductive phases of reproductive cycle of theClarias batrachus. During the late-quiescence phase, high dose ofl-NAME decreased the NO, testosterone, 17β-estradiol, vitellogenin contents in serum and ovary and activities of 5-ene-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3β-HSD) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSD) in ovary, whereas higher dose of SNP increased these parameters.l-NAME also reduced oocytes-I but increased perinucleolar oocytes in the ovary, whereas SNP treatment increased the number of advanced oocytes (oocytes-I and II) than the perinucleolar oocytes when compared with control ovary. During the mid-recrudescence phase, both doses of SNP increased NO, testosterone, 17β-estradiol and vitellogenin in serum and ovary; however,l-NAME treatment lowered their levels. The activities of ovarian 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD were also stimulated by SNP, butl-NAME suppressed their activities compared to the control. The SNP-treated ovaries were dominated by oocyte-II and III stages, whereasl-NAME-treated ovary revealed more perinucleolar oocytes and oocytes-I and practically no advanced oocytes. Expression of endothelial NOS (eNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) was augmented by the SNP and declined byl-NAME treatments as compared to the control. This study, thus, provides distinct evidence of NO-stimulated steroidogenesis, vitellogenesis and folliculogenesis in fish.
Granulosa cell biomarkers to predict pregnancy in ART: pieces to solve the puzzle
Authors: Kordus Richard J , LaVoie Holly A
Published: November 2016

Cumulus and mural granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle surround and interact with the developing oocyte. These follicular cells reflect the oocyte’s overall health and may indicate subsequent developmental competence of embryos. Biomarkers of granulosa cells associated with individual oocytes could potentially be used in assisted reproduction to indicate which embryos have the best chance of implanting in the uterus and completing gestation. In this review, we have performed a comprehensive assessment of the recent literature for human cumulus and mural granulosa cell mRNA biomarkers as they relate to pregnancy and live birth. A critical discussion of variables affecting granulosa gene expression profiles for in vitro fertilization patients, including patient demographics and ovarian stimulation regimens, is presented. Although studies with microarray data were evaluated, this synopsis focuses on expressed genes that have been validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Furthermore, we summarize the current published data that support or refute identified granulosa expressed genes as potential biomarkers of embryos that give rise to ongoing pregnancy and live birth. Finally, we review studies that offer predictive models for embryo selection for uterine transfer based on biomarkers that show differential gene expression.
Spatial Gene Frequency Waves Under Genotype-Dependent Dispersal
Authors: Novak Sebastian , Kollár Richard
Published: November 2016

Dispersal is a crucial factor in natural evolution, since it determines the habitat experienced by any population and defines the spatial scale of interactions between individuals. There is compelling evidence for systematic differences in dispersal characteristics within the same population, i.e., genotype-dependent dispersal. The consequences of genotype-dependent dispersal on other evolutionary phenomena, however, are poorly understood. In this article we investigate the effect of genotype-dependent dispersal on spatial gene frequency patterns, using a generalization of the classical diffusion model of selection and dispersal. Dispersal is characterized by the variance of dispersal (diffusion coefficient) and the mean displacement (directional advection term). We demonstrate that genotype-dependent dispersal may change the qualitative behavior of Fisher waves, which change from being “pulled” to being “pushed” wave fronts as the discrepancy in dispersal between genotypes increases. The speed of any wave is partitioned into components due to selection, genotype-dependent variance of dispersal, and genotype-dependent mean displacement. We apply our findings to wave fronts maintained by selection against heterozygotes. Furthermore, we identify a benefit of increased variance of dispersal, quantify its effect on the speed of the wave, and discuss the implications for the evolution of dispersal strategies.
Survey of Global Genetic Diversity Within theDrosophilaImmune System
Authors: Early Angela M , Arguello J Roman , Cardoso-Moreira Margarida , Gottipati Srikanth , Grenier Jennifer K , Clark Andrew G
Published: November 2016

Numerous studies across a wide range of taxa have demonstrated that immune genes are routinely among the most rapidly evolving genes in the genome. This observation, however, does not address what proportion of immune genes undergo strong selection during adaptation to novel environments. Here, we determine the extent of very recent divergence in genes with immune function across five populations of Drosophila melanogaster and find that immune genes do not show an overall trend of recent rapid adaptation. Our population-based approach uses a set of carefully matched control genes to account for the effects of demography and local recombination rate, allowing us to identify whether specific immune functions are putative targets of strong selection. We find evidence that viral-defense genes are rapidly evolving in Drosophila at multiple timescales. Local adaptation to bacteria and fungi is less extreme and primarily occurs through changes in recognition and effector genes rather than large-scale changes to the regulation of the immune response. Surprisingly, genes in the Toll pathway, which show a high rate of adaptive substitution between the D. melanogaster and D. simulans lineages, show little population differentiation. Quantifying the flies for resistance to a generalist Gram-positive bacterial pathogen, we found that this genetic pattern of low population differentiation was recapitulated at the phenotypic level. In sum, our results highlight the complexity of immune evolution and suggest that Drosophila immune genes do not follow a uniform trajectory of strong directional selection as flies encounter new environments.
Stage-Specific Timing of the microRNA Regulation oflin-28by the Heterochronic Genelin-14inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Tsialikas Jennifer , Romens Mitchell A , Abbott Allison , Moss Eric G
Published: November 2016

In normal development, the order and synchrony of diverse developmental events must be explicitly controlled. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the timing of larval events is regulated by hierarchy of proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs) known as the heterochronic pathway. These regulators are organized in feedforward and feedback interactions to form a robust mechanism for specifying the timing and execution of cell fates at successive stages. One member of this pathway is the RNA binding protein LIN-28, which promotes pluripotency and cell fate decisions in successive stages. Two genetic circuits control LIN-28 abundance: it is negatively regulated by the miRNA lin-4, and positively regulated by the transcription factor LIN-14 through a mechanism that was previously unknown. In this report, we used animals that lack lin-4 to elucidate LIN-14’s activity in this circuit. We demonstrate that three let-7 family miRNAs—miR-48, miR-84, and miR-241—inhibit lin-28 expression. Furthermore, we show genetically that these miRNAs act between lin-14 and lin-28, and that they comprise the pathway by which lin-14 positively regulates lin-28. We also show that the lin-4 family member mir-237, also regulates early cell fates. Finally, we show that the expression of these miRNAs is directly inhibited by lin-14 activity, making them the first known targets of lin-14 that act in the heterochronic pathway.
Prospects for the utilization of marine bioenergy for coastal and small islands in Indonesia
Authors: Bayu Asep
Published: November 2016

Marine bioenergy is the use of marine biomass for energy resources either directly or indirectlyvia chemical preparation. The end bioenergy products that can be derived are biobriket frommangrove, biogas from macroalgae, biodiesel from microalgae and bintaro seed and bioethanolfrom seagrass and nipah palm. The advantages of marine bioenergy compared to those fromsolar and wind are its abundant supply of raw materials as well as the low cost and simplicity of itsenergy conversion technologies. Marine bioenergy is capable to cover three main sectors ofenergy needed by coastal communities. The supply of energy can be reassured since the conceptof energy harvesting can be applied to transform coastal regions into “Desa Mandiri Energy”.Cultivation of energy crops may also provide new employments and increase public awarenesson the importance of coastal marine biology resources. Therefore, marine bioenergy could be anideal alternative that supports not only energy security, but also social, economy, and ecologyaspects.
SCREENING OF THERMOSTABLE PROTEASE PRODUCING MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM INDONESIAN HOTSPRING
Authors: Zilda Dewi Seswita , Harmayani Eni , Widada Jaka , Asmara Widya , Irianto Hari Eko , Patantis Gintung , Fawzya Yusro Nuri
Published: November 2016

Although many proteases had been studied and characterized, only a few of them are commercially available.  Protease thermostability is one of the crucial properties for industrialapplication. This research aimed to isolate and to screen the potential isolate which produce thermostable protease. There were 6 isolates (BII-1, BII-2, BII-3, BII-4, BII-6 and LII), isolated using solid Minimal Synthetic Medium (MSM) supplemented with 1.5% skim milk, that have, protease activity. Based on the 16S-rRNA gene sequencing analysis, isolates BII-1, BII-2 and BII- 6 were identified as Bacillus licheniformis, isolates BII-3 and BII-4 were identified as Bacillus subtilis, while isolate LII was identified as Brevibacillus thermoruber. Three isolates (BII-6, BII-4 and LII) were then further investigated for the second screening step using liquid MSM supplemented with 1% skim milk. The isolates (BII-6, BII-4 and LII) optimally produced protease when they were cultivated at 35, 30 and 50o C respectively after 22 h of incubation. Protease produced by BII-6, BII-4 and LII had optimum temperature  of 65, 60 and 85o C, optimum pH at 7-8, 8 and 9 and stable up to 100 min at 55, 60 and 75o C respectively.
Governança em bancos centrais: um estudo comparativo das práticas de governança dos bancos centrais do Brasil, Canadá e Inglaterra
Authors: Faria Fernando de Abreu , Streit Rosalvo Ermes
Published: November 2016

Resumo A governança corporativa em bancos centrais tem evoluído nos últimos anos, tanto em decorrência dos avanços obtidos no estudo do tema por organizações supranacionais como pela adoção das melhores práticas oriundas dos setores público e privado. Este trabalho visa identificar, analisar e comparar os aspectos principais da governança nos bancos centrais do Brasil, Canadá e Inglaterra em 2015. Por intermédio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica foi possível analisar aspectos das autoridades monetárias dos três países em relação à sua estrutura e a seus comitês, e também aos três pilares da governança em bancos centrais: independência, accountability e transparência. Os resultados mostraram que existem diferenças significativas e que o grau de maturidade das sociedades dos países influencia as práticas de governança adotadas pelos bancos centrais.
A hélice do poder público: padrões de distribuição de recursos federais para as Fundações de Amparo à Pesquisa Estaduais
Authors: Danda Gustavo Nóbrega , Queiroz Lucia de F. N. de , Hoffmann Valmir Emil
Published: November 2016

Resumo O trabalho tem por objetivo identificar padrões de distribuição nas transferências de recursos federais para as Fundações Estaduais de Amparo à Pesquisa (FAPs), no período de 2004 a 2012, no contexto de implantação da política nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (C,T&I). O referencial teórico que orientou a análise da política de C,T&I foi fundamentado por estudos de autores que se filiam ao neoinstitucionalismo. Como o estudo buscava identificar associações entre variáveis, foi adotada a correlação de Kendall-Tau, uma vez que os dados não atenderam aos requisitos de normalidade. Constatou-se um distanciamento entre o padrão das transferências de recursos realizadas no período estudado e os objetivos de longo prazo propostos pela política, que consistem na redução das desigualdades regionais e na promoção do desenvolvimento do país.
The optimal number of partial least squares components in genomic selection for pork pH
Authors: Silveira Fernanda Gomes da , Duarte Darlene Ana Souza , Chaves Lucas Monteiro , Silva Fabyano Fonseca e , Filho Ivan Carvalho , Duarte Marcio de Souza , Lopes Paulo Sávio , Guimarães Simone Eliza Facioni
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT: The main application of genomic selection (GS) is the early identification of genetically superior animals for traits difficult-to-measure or lately evaluated, such as meat pH (measured after slaughter). Because the number of markers in GS is generally larger than the number of genotyped animals and these markers are highly correlated owing to linkage disequilibrium, statistical methods based on dimensionality reduction have been proposed. Among them, the partial least squares (PLS) technique stands out, because of its simplicity and high predictive accuracy. However, choosing the optimal number of components remains a relevant issue for PLS applications. Thus, we applied PLS (and principal component and traditional multiple regression) techniques to GS for pork pH traits (with pH measured at 45min and 24h after slaughter) and also identified the optimal number of PLS components based on the degree-of-freedom (DoF) and cross-validation (CV) methods. The PLS method out performs the principal component and traditional multiple regression techniques, enabling satisfactory predictions for pork pH traits using only genotypic data (low-density SNP panel). Furthermore, the SNP marker estimates from PLS revealed a relevant region on chromosome 4, which may affect these traits. The DoF and CV methods showed similar results for determining the optimal number of components in PLS analysis; thus, from the statistical viewpoint, the DoF method should be preferred because of its theoretical background (based on the "statistical information theory"), whereas CV is an empirical method based on computational effort.
Accuracy in the estimates of zucchini production related to the plot size and number of harvests
Authors: Lúcio Alessandro Dal'Col , Benz Vilson
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT: The productive variability in horticultural crops affects the planning and quality of the experiments, inflating the error and leading to wrong conclusions with low experimental accuracy and reliability. The objective of this study was to dimension the plot size and number of harvests that are necessary so that there is improvement in the accuracy of zucchini production. The production data used was the one from the uniformity trials where the basic units (BU) were identified with the number of crop row and were numbered according to the position inside the row. With the values of individual production, (fresh fruit biomass) different plots sizes were simulated by summing up the adjacent BUs in the crop rows and the two forms of harvesting groups. For each plot size simulated and their respective harvests, a variation coefficient (%) was estimated at the crop row. A response surface design was applied, with a dependent variable in the variation coefficient and, with the independent variable, the plot size and number of harvests. Best combination between plot size and number of harvests is seven plants and half the productive cycle in both growing seasons.
Endemias rurais, saúde e desenvolvimento: Emmanuel Dias e a construção de uma rede de aliados contra a doença de Chagas
Authors: Kropf Simone Petraglia
Published: November 2016

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a atuação de Emmanuel Dias (1908-1962), pesquisador do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC) e diretor do Centro de Estudos e Profilaxia da Moléstia de Chagas (posto do IOC criado em 1943 na cidade de Bambuí, Minas Gerais), como ator decisivo no processo de reconhecimento da doença de Chagas como problema de saúde pública no Brasil e no continente americano. Busca-se evidenciar que a conquista deste reconhecimento, que teve como marco fundamental a realização da primeira campanha de combate à enfermidade no Brasil em 1950, foi viabilizada pela intensa mobilização política de Dias junto a diversos grupos sociais, como médicos, políticos e moradores das áreas rurais, profissionais dos serviços públicos de saúde, governos e associações internacionais. Tal mobilização, ao longo das décadas de 1940 e 1950, num contexto histórico marcado por intensos debates sobre as relações entre saúde e desenvolvimento, levou à construção de uma rede de apoios decisiva para que a doença, caracterizada como cardiopatia crônica a ameaçar a produtividade do trabalhador rural, fosse considerada um problema médico-social a merecer ações e programas de saúde pública voltados para seu controle.
Qualidade de vida e autoestima de idosos na comunidade
Authors: Tavares Darlene Mara dos Santos , Matias Thaís Gabriela Cruz , Ferreira Pollyana Cristina dos Santos , Pegorari Maycon Sousa , Nascimento Janaina Santos , Paiva Mariana Mapelli de
Published: November 2016

Resumo Objetivou-se verificar a associação entre os escores de qualidade de vida e autoestima em idosos na comunidade. Inquérito domiciliar, transversal, observacional e analítico, conduzido com 1.691 idosos residentes em área urbana de um município no interior de Minas Gerais. Foram utilizados os instrumentos World Health Organization Quality of Life Bref (Whoqol-Bref), World Health Organization Quality of Life Old (Whoqol-Old) e a Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg. Procedeu-se à análise estatística descritiva e modelo de regressão linear (p < 0,05). Constatou-se que o domínio relações sociais (71,19) e a faceta morte e morrer (74,30) apresentaram os maiores escores médios entre os idosos; enquanto os menores foram observados no domínio meio ambiente (60,39) e na faceta participação social (63,06). Os escores de autoestima apresentaram média de 9,36 ± 4,09. Os menores escores de qualidade de vida em todos os domínios do Whoqol-Bref e das facetas do Whoqol-Old (exceto morte e morrer) associaram-se com os piores níveis de autoestima (p < 0,001). Os resultados encontrados fornecem informações para a elaboração de ações em saúde a partir da compreensão dos aspectos que influenciam na QV de idosos devido à redução da autoestima.
A problematização da queda e a identificação dos fatores de risco na narrativa de idosos
Authors: Morsch Patricia , Myskiw Mauro , Myskiw Jociane de Carvalho
Published: November 2016

Resumo A queda é um importante evento para os idosos, podendo levar a problemas físicos e psicológicos, institucionalização e aumento do risco de morte. Objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a problematização da queda e a percepção dos idosos em relação aos seus fatores de risco. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizada através de análise de conteúdo. A amostra foi composta por indivíduos com 60 anos ou mais de idade, participantes de grupos de idosos de Porto Alegre, e professores de duas universidades locais. A amostra final contou com 22 idosos com idade média de 70,2 ± 7,1 anos. A codificação e a interpretação dos dados resultaram em duas categorias temáticas: a problematização das quedas e a percepção dos fatores de risco. A primeira categoria destaca que muitos idosos não percebem as quedas como um problema, sugerindo que as ações preventivas podem não estar alcançando a população alvo. A segunda categoria demonstra que os idosos percebem os fatores de risco para quedas, mas muitas vezes eles não são evitados, considerando a sua habilidade de “se cuidar” como método de prevenção.
Instrumentos desenvolvidos para o gerenciamento e cuidado de idosos em instituições de longa permanência: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Medeiros Paulo Adão de , Fortunato Artur Rodrigues , Viscardi Adriana Aparecida da Fonseca , Sperandio Fabiana Flores , Mazo Giovana Zarpellon
Published: November 2016

Resumo Como a demanda por instituições de longa permanência para idosos (ILPIs) está aumentando, torna-se relevante para os sistemas de saúde pública discutir o processo de avaliação das condições de saúde dos seus residentes. O presente estudo objetivou identificar instrumentos de medida construídos especificamente para o gerenciamento e o cuidado de residentes idosos, em instituições de longa permanência. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática segundo as recomendações PRISMA, nos bancos de dados Medline e CINAHL, desde a sua criação até maio de 2013, utilizando termos da Medical Subject Headings adequados para a busca. Foram encontrados 1858 artigos e selecionados 30, sendo identificados 28 instrumentos nesses estudos. Os EUA foram o país que mais construiu instrumentos voltados a essa população e o Minimum Data Set/Resident Assessment Instrument (MDS/RAI) foi o mais utilizado nos estudos da presente revisão. As variáveis mais frequentemente avaliadas pelos instrumentos foram a depressão, a cognição e a capacidade funcional. Torna-se urgente a reformulação de políticas públicas que garantam um sistema de avaliação padronizado dos residentes de ILPIs no Brasil, sendo um desafio fazer com que os instrumentos desenvolvidos consigam se difundir e se efetivar no cotidiano dos profissionais dessas instituições.
Fatores associados às complicações metabólicas e alimentação em idosos da zona rural
Authors: Heitor Sara Franco Diniz , Rodrigues Leiner Resende , Tavares Darlene Mara dos Santos
Published: November 2016

Resumo Este estudo objetivou avaliar fatores associados às complicações metabólicas e de alimentação em idosos da zona rural de Uberaba, Minas Gerais, norteados pelo Guia “10 passos para uma alimentação saudável para pessoas idosas” do Ministério da Saúde. Realizado inquérito domiciliar com 833 pessoas, 60 anos ou mais de idade, sem declínio cognitivo. Os dados foram coletados utilizando questionário de frequência alimentar, aferição de medidas antropométricas; submetidos à análise descritiva, taxa de prevalência e teste qui-quadrado (p < 0,05). As complicações metabólicas foram associadas ao sexo feminino (p = 0,001) e ao sobrepeso (p = 0,006). Mulheres se adequaram a cinco passos: número de refeições, ingestão adequada de leite e carnes magras, consumo reduzido de refrigerantes, doces e sal, prática de atividade física, não fumar e não ingerir bebida alcoólica; enquanto os homens seguiam três passos: consumo adequado de cereais, de arroz com feijão e de água. Idosos com menos de 80 anos aderiram mais ao consumo de água. Três passos se associaram ao peso normal, dois à classificação sem risco para complicações metabólicas e nenhum à escolaridade. Conclui-se que a dieta dos idosos rurais não está adequada às recomendações de alimentação saudável do Ministério da Saúde.