bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Beetle or the Bug? Multispecies Politics in a West Papuan Oil Palm Plantation
Authors: Chao Sophie
Published: July 2021

This article examines how Indigenous Marind communities in West Papua conceptualize interspecies relations in monocrop oil palm ecologies. Many villagers identify with native species that, like Marind, are displaced or dispossessed to make way for plantations and their primarily non‐Papuan labor force and operators. On the other hand, parasites that undermine oil palm's growth become figures of hope for Marind who conceive resistance to the state and corporations as the only legitimate path to self‐determination. Meanwhile, species that entertain mutualistic relations with oil palm point to cooperation and accommodation as an alternative strategy of survival. Oil palm's multispecies lifeworld thus complicates the characterization of industrial monocrops as ecologically impoverished landscapes engineered solely by and for humans. Attending to oil palm's biological allies and foes as material‐semiotic actors brings us instead to ask what species benefit from agribusiness expansion, which lives and deaths matter within plantation ecologies, and to whom. It also invites attention to the conflictual horizons of justice offered by interspecies resistance and collaboration in the Plantationocene for Indigenous communities as they strive to reconcile their aspirations for survival and self‐determination under entrenched regimes of race and capital. [collaboration, resistance, political ecology, pests, Indonesia]
Characterization and interrelationships of theory of mind, socially competitive emotions and affective empathy in bipolar disorder
Authors: Lemvigh Cecilie K. , Karantonis James A. , Furlong Lisa S. , Carruthers Sean P. , Pantelis Christos , Rossell Susan L. , Van Rheenen Tamsyn E.
Published: July 2021

Objective

Evidence shows impaired theory of mind (ToM) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), yet research examining its cognitive and affective components simultaneously is sparse. Moreover, recognition of socially competitive ‘fortune of others’ emotions (e.g. envy/gloat) may be related to ToM, but has not been assessed in BD. Finally, if and how ToM and ‘fortune of others’ emotions relate to affective empathy in BD is currently unclear. This study aimed to address these points.

Methods

64 BD patients and 34 healthy controls completed the Yoni task, a visual task assessing first‐ and second‐order cognitive and affective ToM as well as ‘fortune of others’ emotions. The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire was used to assess self‐reported affective empathy.

Results

Patients with BD showed no deficits in cognitive and affective ToM or recognition of ‘fortune of others’ emotions. The ability to infer ‘fortune of others’ emotions correlated with several ToM measures, indicating that these functions are part of the same system. Patients with BD reported similar levels of affective empathy to healthy controls, and this was not related to ToM or ‘fortune of others’ emotions, suggesting that affective empathy represents a separate social domain.

Conclusions

These findings highlight areas of spared social functioning in BD, which may be utilized in therapeutic strategies.

Practitioner points

Our results suggest theory of mind and empathy may represent areas of potentially spared cognitive functioning in BD.

As many BD patients have experienced adversity during developmental periods in which theory of mind and empathy develop, our findings suggest that these abilities may be markers of resilience in the disorder.

Our findings are important for the formulation of therapeutic interventions for BD, which may include considering practical ways that a patients’ knowledge of intact ToM and empathy could be utilized to reduce self‐stigma and promote self‐efficacy, improved well‐being and functioning.
Quantitative prediction of P‐glycoprotein‐mediated drug–drug interactions and intestinal absorption using humanized mice
Authors: Miyake Taiji , Tsutsui Haruka , Haraya Kenta , Tachibana Tatsuhiko , Morimoto Kayoko , Takehara Shoko , Ayabe Miho , Kobayashi Kaoru , Kazuki Yasuhiro
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose

P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) exhibits a broad substrate specificity and affects pharmacokinetics, especially intestinal absorption. However, prediction, in vivo, of P‐gp‐mediated drug–drug interaction (DDI) and non‐linear absorption at the preclinical stage, is challenging. Here we evaluate the use of human MDR1 mouse artificial chromosome (hMDR1‐MAC) mice carrying human P‐gp and lacking their own murine P‐gp to quantitatively predict human P‐gp‐mediated DDI and non‐linear absorption.

Experimental Approach

The P‐gp substrates (aliskiren, betrixaban, celiprolol, digoxin, fexofenadine and talinolol) were administered orally to wild‐type, Mdr1a/b‐knockout (KO) and hMDR1‐MAC mice, and their plasma concentrations were measured. We calculated the ratio of area under the curve (AUCR) in mice (AUCMdr1a/b‐KO/AUCwild‐type or AUCMdr1a/b‐KO/AUChMDR1‐MAC) estimated as attributable to complete P‐gp inhibition and the human AUCR with and without P‐gp inhibitor administration. The correlations of AUCRhuman with AUCRwild‐type and AUCRhMDR1‐MAC were investigated. For aliskiren, betrixaban and celiprolol, the Km and Vmax values for P‐gp in hMDR1‐MAC mice and humans were optimized from different dosing studies using GastroPlus. The correlations of Km and Vmax for P‐gp between human and hMDR1‐MAC mice were investigated.

Key Results

A better correlation between AUCRhuman and AUCRhMDR1‐MAC (R2 = 0.88) was observed. Moreover, good relationships of Km (R2 = 1.00) and Vmax (R2 = 0.98) for P‐gp between humans and hMDR1‐MAC mice were observed.

Conclusions and Implications

These results suggest that P‐gp‐mediated DDI and non‐linear absorption can be predicted using hMDR1‐MAC mice. These mice are a useful in vivo tool for quantitatively predicting P‐gp‐mediated disposition in drug discovery and development.
Targeting Na+/K+‐ATPase by berbamine and ouabain synergizes with sorafenib to inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang Songpeng , Yang Shu , Zhang Hongying , Hua Hui , Kong Qingbin , Wang Jiao , Jiang Yangfu
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose

The multikinase inhibitor sorafenib is a first‐line drug for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The response to sorafenib varies among hepatocellular carcinoma patients and many of the responders suffer from reduced sensitivity after long‐term treatment. This study aims to explore a novel strategy to potentiate or maximize the anti‐hepatocellular carcinoma effects of sorafenib.

Experimental Approach

We used hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, western blotting, various antagonists, siRNA and tumour xenografts mouse model to determine the anti‐ hepatocellular carcinoma effects of sorafenib in combination with berbamine or other Na+/K+‐ATPase ligands.

Key Results

Berbamine and the cardiotonic steroid, ouabain, synergize with sorafenib to inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma cells growth. Mechanistically, berbamine induces Src phosphorylation in Na+/K+‐ATPase‐dependent manner, leading to the activation of p38MAPK and EGFR‐ERK pathways. The Na+/K+‐ATPase ligand ouabain also induces Src, EGFR, type I insulin‐like growth factor receptor, ERK1/2 and p38MAPK phosphorylation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma cells with Src or EGFR inhibitor inhibits the induction of ERK1/2 phosphorylation by berbamine. Moreover, sorafenib inhibits the induction of Src, p38MAPK, EGFR and ERK1/2 phosphorylation by berbamine and ouabain. Importantly, combination of sorafenib with berbamine or ouabain synergistically inhibits both sorafenib‐naïve and sorafenib‐resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cells growth. Co‐treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma cells with berbamine and sorafenib significantly induces cell death and significantly inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts growth in vivo.

Conclusion and Implications

Berbamine or other Na+/K+‐ATPase ligands have a potential for improving sorafenib responsiveness in hepatocellular carcinoma. Targeting Na+/K+‐ATPase represents a novel strategy to potentiate the anti‐ hepatocellular carcinoma effects of sorafenib.
Ectomycorrhizal fungal community assembly on seedlings of a Neotropical monodominant tree
Authors: Delevich Carolyn A. , Koch Rachel A. , Aime M. Catherine , Henkel Terry W.
Published: July 2021

Ectomycorrhizal tree species may benefit from positive plant–soil feedbacks, where soil environments near adult trees enhance conspecific seedling growth and survival. In tropical monodominant forests, seedling survival is particularly important, as seedling banks help maintain stand‐level dominance over generations. Positive plant–soil feedbacks may be mediated by diverse ectomycorrhizal fungal communities, which improve nutrient acquisition of heavily shaded seedlings. Despite the potential importance of these fungi, little is known about ectomycorrhizal fungal community development on seedlings of tropical monodominant trees. In Guyana, we sequentially monitored percent colonization and species composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi on an even‐age cohort of seedlings of the tropical monodominant tree Dicymbe corymbosa (Fabaceae subfamily Detarioideae). Ectomycorrhizal fungi found on D. corymbosa seedlings over a 12‐month period of early development were compared to those of conspecific adults and four other ectomycorrhizal tree species in the region. Species turnover was high (80%) between 6‐ and 12‐month‐old seedlings, though the /russula‐lactarius, /clavulina, and /tomentella‐thelephora lineages were species‐rich on seedlings at all ages. The number of ectomycorrhizal morphotypes per seedling increased with age, but extent of fungal colonization did not. Seedling ectomycorrhizal fungi were shared with sympatric conspecific adults (55%) and, to a lesser extent, regional heterospecific adults (27%), but numerous species were previously unrecorded for Guyana. Over their development D. corymbosa seedlings did not rely strictly on adult trees for their mycobionts but appeared to foster unique assemblages of ectomycorrhizal fungi.
Synthesis and evaluation of diphyllin β‐hydroxyl amino derivatives as novel V‐ATPase inhibitors
Authors: Zhu Li , Lu Yapeng , Li Yu , Ling Yong , Zhao Yu
Published: July 2021

Natural diphyllin glycosides were identified as potent vacuolar H+‐ATPase (V‐ATPase) inhibitors. A series of diphyllin β‐hydroxyl amino derivatives were designed and synthesized as novel diphyllin derivatives. Most of these derivatives displayed potent cytotoxicity against six cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the submicromolar to nanomolar concentration range. Compounds 2b, 2c, 2l, 2m, and 2n showed similar V‐ATPase inhibitory potency to Bafilomycin A1. Compound 2l exhibited potent activity of modulation of lysosomal pH and cytoplasmic pH.
The Very Best of Me: Longitudinal Associations of Perfectionism and Identity Processes in Adolescence
Authors: Negru‐Subtirica Oana , Pop Eleonora Ioana , Damian Lavinia E. , Stoeber Joachim
Published: July 2021

Personality and identity formation are intricately linked in adolescent development. The personality disposition of perfectionism has been associated with identity processes, but their longitudinal interplay in adolescence has not yet been investigated. This four‐wave study, with 5‐ to 6‐month intervals between each wave (N = 744 Caucasian adolescents, Mage = 15.2 years, 55% girls), examined associations between perfectionism (self‐oriented and socially prescribed) and identity processes in the domain of future plans. Self‐oriented perfectionism predicted increases in commitment making, identification with commitment, and exploration in depth. Socially prescribed perfectionism showed bidirectional positive relations with ruminative exploration. Exploration in depth predicted increases in socially prescribed perfectionism. Findings suggest that perfectionism is an important personality disposition in adolescent identity formation unfolding over time.
Comparing patient‐reported outcomes and experiences among static, dynamic computer‐aided, and conventional freehand dental implant placement: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Engkawong Sunida , Mattheos Nikos , Pisarnturakit Pagaporn Pantumwadee , Pimkhaokham Atiphan , Subbalekha Keskanya
Published: July 2021

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare patient‐reported outcomes and experiences (PROs and PREs) among three techniques of dental implant placement, including (a) conventional freehand, (b) dynamic, and (c) static computer‐aided implant surgery (CAIS).

Material and methods

Ninety patients were randomly assigned to have dental implant placed with one of the three protocols. Participants were asked to fill in a series of self‐administered questionnaires assessing (1) preoperative expectations, (2) postoperative healing events during the first week after surgery, and (3) experiences and overall satisfaction with the procedures at 2 weeks. Differences within the groups were analyzed by Wilcoxson signed‐rank test. Kruskal–Wallis test was used for comparisons among the three groups.

Results

Eighty‐eight patients completed the study. Patients' expectations on chewing difficulty, the postoperative experience of duration of pain, speaking limitations, and impact on routine activities were significantly different among groups (p = 0.04, 0.01, 0.038, and 0.046, respectively). Overall, patients appeared to significantly underestimate the duration of postoperative pain (p = 0.035) and swelling (p = 0.001). No significant difference in magnitude of postoperative pain, swelling, and painkiller consumption was found among the groups. The short‐term functional limitations after surgery were deemed acceptable by most participants and 89% were satisfied by the overall procedure.

Conclusions

Surgical placement of dental implant with conventional freehand, static, and dynamic CAIS techniques did not result in any difference in the level of postoperative pain and swelling, and appeared to lead to equal levels of satisfaction as expressed by the patients postoperatively.
Coming of age: 21 years of providing opioid substitution treatment within an Aboriginal community‐controlled primary health service
Authors: Freeburn Bradley , Loggins Summer , Lee K. S. Kylie , Conigrave Katherine M.
Published: July 2021

In Australia, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community controlled health services have been established since 1971 to provide accessible, quality and culturally‐appropriate primary healthcare. The first of these services, the Aboriginal Medical Service Cooperative Redfern (‘the AMS’), created its own Drug and Alcohol Unit (‘the Unit’) in 1999. The Unit initially prescribed opioid substitution treatment (OST) and its coordinator, Bradley Freeburn, a Bundjalung man, provided counselling. Soon afterwards, the Unit started dispensing OST. It now cares for around 150 individuals, each of whom is understood in the context of family, community and culture. The Unit is on the same site as the AMS's primary care service, specialised medical and mental health clinics, and dental clinic. This allows for integrated physical and mental health care. The Unit contributes to drug and alcohol workforce development for other AMS staff, state‐wide and nationally. Several Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community controlled health services around Australia now offer OST prescription, and a small number administer slow‐release buprenorphine. We are not aware of others that dispense Suboxone. In the USA and Canada, over the last 10 years, First Nations communities have also responded to lack of treatment access, by creating standalone OST clinics. We were not able to find examples of Māori‐controlled OST clinics in Aotearoa, New Zealand. The feasibility of this model of readily accessible OST, situated within a holistic, culturally‐grounded primary health‐care service recommends it for consideration and evaluation, for Indigenous or non‐Indigenous communities.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided pancreatic sampling for the histopathological diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis
Authors: Kanno Atsushi , Miwata Tetsurou , Nagai Hiroki , Ikeda Eriko , Ando Kozue , Kawasaki Yuki , Tada Yamato , Yokoyama Kensuke , Tamada Kiichi , Fukushima Noriyoshi , Kawarai Lefor Alan , Yamamoto Hironori
Published: July 2021

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), which is characterized by pancreatic enlargement and irregular narrowing of the main pancreatic duct, is difficult to differentiate from malignancy. The irregular narrowing of the pancreatic duct, which can be detected via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, is a characteristic feature of AIP; however, distinguishing between localized AIP and pancreatic cancer based on pancreatic duct imaging is difficult. This study overviews the efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided pancreatic sampling for the histopathological diagnosis of AIP. Recent enhancements in needle biopsy methodologies and technologies have contributed to improvement in the diagnostic efficacy of this technique. The guidance provided in this study for the histological diagnosis of AIP is anticipated to further advance in the histopathological diagnosis of AIP using EUS‐guided pancreatic sampling.
Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation may improve overall survival in patients with inoperable ampullary carcinoma
Authors: Xia Ming‐Xing , Shi Zhi‐Mei , Xing Ling , Gao Dao‐Jian , Ye Xin , Wang Tian‐Tian , Wu Jun , Qian You‐Wen , Qin Wen‐Hao , Hu Bing
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Patients with advanced ampullary carcinoma (AC) who are unsuitable for surgery are most likely to have poor outcomes. The role of endoscopic radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in this population has not been fully defined. We aimed to assess the short‐ and long‐term outcomes of RFA in a large cohort of AC patients.

Methods

In this retrospective study, data of consecutive patients with pathologically proven AC who underwent successful endobiliary RFA and/or stent placement were collected. All patients did not undergo surgical resection. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). The secondary outcomes included clinical success and adverse events.

Results

A total of 85 patients, 50 in the RFA plus stenting group and 35 in the stenting alone group, were identified. The median OS was significantly longer in the RFA group than in the stenting alone group (16.9 vs. 9.8 months, P < 0.001). In multivariable Cox analysis, RFA (hazards ratio 0.408; 95% confidence interval 0.235–0.706; P = 0.001) was the only independent OS predictor. Eight patients with stage II tumors, exclusively from the RFA group, survived for more than 3 years. Clinical success was comparable between the two groups (96% vs. 100%, P = 0.231). Early adverse events between the two groups were similar (10% vs. 2.9%, P = 0.206); however, late biliary/pancreatic stenoses occurred in three RFA patients who were successfully managed with endoscopic interventions.

Conclusions

Endoscopic RFA appears to prolong patients' survival with acceptable safety; it may therefore be a feasible treatment option for patients with inoperable ampullary cancers.
Promoting Rwanda’s business environment: Impact of reforms and drivers of change
Authors: Bernatzki Talea , Busse Matthias , Hoekstra Ruth
Published: July 2021

Motivation

Despite its status as a low‐income country in an unfavourable location for economic conduct, and being overshadowed by the devastating genocide of 1994, Rwanda has been recognized for its efforts to improve its business environment via several reforms and regulations according to various indicators.

Purpose

We contribute an analysis of the extent of improvements which Rwanda’s regulatory reforms have yielded in the business environment. We also identify four interconnected drivers of change which account for the government’s capability to implement successful reforms in the economy.

Methods and approach

We adopt a quantitative and qualitative approach.

Findings

We find that Rwanda’s regulatory reforms in the business environment are rather a mixture of true progress and window dressing. The drivers of change accounting for the progress in Rwanda’s economy are the pressure on the government to generate economic growth, the country’s leadership, the pre‐colonial institutional framework, and Rwanda’s aid effectiveness.

Policy implications

The close interconnectedness of political and economic entities makes it inefficient to implement integral changes to Rwanda’s current system. The Rwandan government should rather credibly commit to its own policies and developmental approaches and continue its progress in private sector transformations without crowding out small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises.
Emerging role of white matter lesions in cerebrovascular disease
Authors: Rastogi Aarushi , Weissert Robert , Bhaskar Sonu Menachem Maimonides
Published: July 2021

White matter lesions have been implicated in the setting of stroke, dementia, intracerebral haemorrhage, several other cerebrovascular conditions, migraine, various neuroimmunological diseases like multiple sclerosis, disorders of metabolism, mitochondrial diseases and others. While much is understood vis a vis neuroimmunological conditions, our knowledge of the pathophysiology of these lesions, and their role in, and implications to, management of cerebrovascular diseases or stroke, especially in the elderly, are limited. Several clinical assessment tools are available for delineating white matter lesions in clinical practice. However, their incorporation into clinical decision‐making and specifically prognosis and management of patients is suboptimal for use in standards of care. This article sought to provide an overview of the current knowledge and recent advances on pathophysiology, as well as clinical and radiological assessment, of white matter lesions with a focus on its development, progression and clinical implications in cerebrovascular diseases. Key indications for clinical practice and recommendations on future areas of research are also discussed. Finally, a conceptual proposal on putative mechanisms underlying pathogenesis of white matter lesions in cerebrovascular disease has been presented. Understanding of pathophysiology of white matter lesions and how they mediate outcomes is important to develop therapeutic strategies.
Long‐term irrigation reduces soil carbon sequestration by affecting soil microbial communities in agricultural ecosystems of northern China
Authors: Qi Yongqing , Li Jian , Deng Shaojun , Wang Jun , Zhang Yanju , Pei Hongwei , Shen Yanjun , Hui Dafeng , Lambers Hans , Sardans Jordi , Peñuelas Josep , Liu Zhanfeng
Published: July 2021

Irrigation has become one of the main approaches to improve agricultural production in an arid area. The variation of soil moisture after irrigation has the potential to affect soil microbial community composition and soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, and thus, the imbalances in the terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle. However, the impact of long‐term irrigation on the relationships between soil microbial community and SOC sequestration in semiarid agroecosystems is still poorly understood. We took advantage of a 7‐year irrigation experiment in a winter wheat‐maize rotation system in northern China, whereby the non‐irrigation was subject to rain‐fed conditions. We aimed to investigate the effects of long‐term irrigation on soil microbial communities and their linkages with soil carbon sequestration. Seven years of irrigation significantly increased soil moisture content by 39% but decreased SOC concentration of topsoil (0–20 cm) by 4.2% on average across all sampling times. The responses of soil microbial communities to irrigation were highly taxa dependent. Irrigation significantly decreased fungal biomass, fungal‐to‐bacterial ratio and Gram‐positive‐to‐Gram‐negative bacterial ratio, and did not affect the bacterial community biomass. The decreased SOC concentration under the long‐term irrigation was mainly caused by the changes in the ratio of fungi‐to‐bacteria. Our findings highlight the important role of soil fungal‐to‐bacterial ratio in mediating the response of SOC dynamics to a future drier climate in semiarid agricultural ecosystems.

Highlights

Irrigation influences the soil microbial community and carbon stock in semiarid agroecosystems.

Highlights the role of fungi:bacteria ratio in mediating the response of SOC dynamics to irrigation

Long‐term irrigation decreased soil carbon content by changing the microbial community.

Reduced SOC storage after irrigation was due to the decreased ratio between fungi and bacteria.
Circle of Willis variants and their association with outcome in patients with middle cerebral artery‐M1‐occlusion stroke
Authors: Westphal Laura P. , Lohaus Niklas , Winklhofer Sebastian , Manzolini Christian , Held Ulrike , Steigmiller Klaus , Hamann Janne M. , El Amki Mohamad , Dobrocky Tomas , Panos Leonidas D. , Kaesmacher Johannes , Fischer Urs , Heldner Mirjam R. , Luft Andreas R. , Gralla Jan , Arnold Marcel , Wiest Roland , Wegener Susanne
Published: July 2021

Background

An incomplete circle of Willis (CoW) has been associated with a higher risk of stroke and might affect collateral flow in large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke. We aimed to investigate the distribution of CoW variants in a LVO stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) cohort and analyze their impact on 3‐month functional outcome.

Methods

CoW anatomy was assessed with time‐of‐flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF‐MRA) in 193 stroke patients with acute middle cerebral artery (MCA)‐M1‐occlusion receiving endovascular treatment (EVT) and 73 TIA patients without LVO. The main CoW variants were categorized into four vascular models of presumed collateral flow via the CoW.

Results

82.4% (n = 159) of stroke and 72.6% (n = 53) of TIA patients had an incomplete CoW. Most variants affected the posterior circulation (stroke: 77.2%, n = 149; TIA: 58.9%, n = 43; p = 0.004). Initial stroke severity defined by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) on admission was similar for patients with and without CoW variants. CoW integrity did not differ between groups with favorable (modified Rankin Scale [mRS]): 0–2) and unfavorable (mRS: 3–6) 3‐month outcome. However, we found trends towards a higher mortality in patients with any type of CoW variant (p = 0.08) and a higher frequency of incomplete CoW among patients dying within 3 months after stroke onset (p = 0.119). In a logistic regression analysis adjusted for the potential confounders age, sex and atrial fibrillation, neither the vascular models nor anterior or posterior variants were independently associated with outcome.

Conclusion

Our data provide no evidence for an association of CoW variants with clinical outcome in LVO stroke patients receiving EVT.
The status of climate change adaptation in fisheries management: Policy, legislation and implementation
Authors: Bryndum‐Buchholz Andrea , Tittensor Derek P. , Lotze Heike K.
Published: July 2021

Climate change is altering ecosystems and fisheries throughout the world's oceans, demanding climate‐adaptive governance for conserving and managing living marine resources. While in some regions fisheries management systems address wider ecosystem dynamics within management frameworks and decision‐making, which may facilitate resilience to climate change, there remains a shortfall in terms of directly incorporating climate change adaptation into fisheries management legislation and implementation. This review assesses the current state of implementation of climate change adaptation into fisheries management policies and legislation across 11 national case studies, based on government documents and the primary literature. The overarching goal is to understand the key elements and gaps in existing fisheries management policies and legislation in the context of climate change. Given recent reforms of fisheries management policies and/or legislation across the nations examined, political recognition of the need to address climate change adaptation in fisheries management appears to be increasing; albeit formal mandates of climate‐adaptation objectives in fisheries management are largely missing. Based on our review, recommendations for achieving climate‐adaptive fisheries management regimes are developed. Overall, this study will help to inform and broaden the scope of management approaches and tools to accelerate the move towards adaptive fisheries management that accounts for climate change impacts on fish stocks, fisheries and the societies that depend upon them.
Stochastic recruitment alters the frequencies of alternative life histories in age‐structured populations
Authors: DeFilippo Lukas B , Ohlberger Jan
Published: July 2021

Alternative reproductive tactics, where members of a population exhibit divergent mating approaches, are widespread in fishes. The maintenance of such polymorphisms is often explained using game‐theoretic concepts such as frequency‐dependent selection, which typically assume populations are at equilibrium. However, fish populations exhibit stochastic variability that is inconsistent with the assumption of equilibrium dynamics. We explored how stochastic population dynamics interact with sexual and harvest‐induced selection to shape the frequencies of alternative male phenotypes in Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp., Salmonidae). Males of several salmon species are composed of typical “hooknoses” that compete on the spawning grounds for mating opportunities, and rarer “jacks” that mature younger and at smaller sizes to attempt reproduction by “sneaking.” Using stochastic simulations, we found that realistic levels of recruitment variation could increase the prevalence of jacks relative to equilibrium expectations. This result is attributable to the “cohort mismatch” phenomenon, whereby differences in age at maturity between male phenotypes cause jacks from strong recruitments to spawn in the same year as hooknoses from weaker cohorts, elevating the proportion of jacks among spawners. Simulations were supported by data from major populations of sockeye salmon (O. nerka, Salmonidae) throughout their North American range, which indicated a positive association between recruitment variability and jack prevalence in some regions. Moreover, we found that frequency‐dependent mating dampened population responses to fisheries‐induced selection. Our findings emphasize that stochastic ecological processes are important to the maintenance of alternative life histories and interact with selection to produce emergent dynamics that have not previously been recognized.
Internationalism, migration, and education: Pluralistic disposition in multilingual and multicultural contact zones—Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
Authors: Sakallı Buse , Kunt Naciye
Published: July 2021

Cyprus has always witnessed an influx of refugees and migrants as a conflict and contact zone and become a destination country for many international students for the last two decades. In the age of an unprecedented diversity and accentuated internationalist theories worldwide, pluralistic pedagogies embellished with nationally monoglossic discourses have become iconized pressing trends in education precipitating a dichotomous doom‐loop vis‐à‐vis multifaceted parameters of learning environments. Linking critical race theory with internationalism, document analysis, semi‐structured interviews, field notes, observations, and informal chats were deployed for an elaborated scrutiny of students’ perspectives through a normative‐humanistic lens. The results signified that in conflictual contexts, policy‐making may surpass basic humanistic norms such as equity and social justice where parental involvement, sustainable integration, discursive ideological orientations, coproduction among stakeholders, Western‐propelled content revision, preparatory language courses, and teacher education predominantly reconceptualize indispensable aspects of curricula. The findings are especially conspicuous for social partners, policy‐makers, and educators.
Dispersal modeling of octopoda paralarvae in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Santana‐Cisneros Mariana L. , Ardisson Pedro‐Luis , González Ángel F. , Mariño‐Tapia Ismael , Cahuich‐López Miguel , Ángeles‐González Luis Enrique , Ordoñez‐López Uriel , Velázquez‐Abunader Iván
Published: July 2021

The dynamics and population structure of octopus species in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) can be studied by analyzing dispersal paralarvae mechanisms. Accordingly, this study focused on understanding octopus paralarval dispersal using numerical modeling. A Lagrangian approach was implemented using the transport model ICHTHYOP and surface currents from a GoM simulation of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). We modeled the dispersal of four octopus species from the GoM (Octopus “vulgaris”, Octopus insularis, Macrotritopus defilippi, and Amphioctopus burryi), considering two regions as the source of larvae in the southern GoM, namely the Yucatan shelf and the Veracruz coastal waters. Additionally, an environmental suitability analysis was incorporated using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to establish potential settlement areas under the influence of the water masses’ thermal conditions. The simulation results supported the hypothesis that the abundances recorded in the GoM were influenced by the fertility (egg‐laying) of each species, surface water circulation (the Loop Current, eddies, and wind), and sea surface temperature. Greater dispersal was obtained throughout the GoM for Yucatan species O. “vulgaris”, registering the highest settlement rates. In contrast, in Veracruz, O. insularis dispersed and settled only in the western portion of the GoM. The relevance of the ecological descriptors proposed to influence the dispersal and abundance of octopods throughout the GoM's coastal waters are discussed.
Phylogenetic signal found in fish–community response to an acoustic common carp deterrent
Authors: Bzonek Paul A. , Van Nynatten Alexander , Mandrak Nicholas E.
Published: July 2021

Non‐structural deterrents may limit invasive fish dispersal and range expansion without altering waterflow or navigation. Despite extensive research in laboratory and artificial environments, few studies have been conducted in situ and, of those, few have evaluated the full community response of fishes interacting with the deterrent. We deployed acoustic deterrents within a physical trap‐and‐sort fishway at Cootes Paradise, Ontario, Canada, to determine the avoidance responses of a community of fishes attempting to disperse into the wetland.

To test the effectiveness of an acoustic deterrent, the catch rates of fishes entering Cootes Paradise were compared when the deterrent was off (control) and on (treatment). Community diversity was fit to candidate generalised linear models, and common carp catch abundance was fit to candidate generalised additive models, both of which were compared with backwards selection. The presence of a phylogenetic signal in fish responses was assessed with Pagel's λ and Blomberg's K indices of trait evolution.

Over 11,500 fishes, representing 16 species and 12 families, were captured. The acoustic deterrent did not alter the Shannon diversity of fishes challenging the fishway, but a significant phylogenetic signal in species‐specific avoidance responses was observed. There was a modest decrease in the catch rates of common carp (ambient trials = 1.03 fish/hr, deterrent trials = 0.84 fish/hr), a species of major management concern.

Fish avoidance responses to acoustic deterrents were widely variable, and species specific. The avoidance response of common carp, the target species, was weak, probably due to a complex acoustic environment surrounding the fishway. Group size did not alter deterrent efficacy, but precipitation, water temperature, and turbidity did.

Our study successfully quantified acoustic deterrent responses across an entire community of wetland fishes, including both native and invasive species. We are the first to demonstrate that there is a phylogenetic component to deterrent responses across species. We also identify environmental parameters that alter deterrent efficacy in the field, and describe important considerations for the deployment of non‐structural deterrents in the field.
How to Find Aquifer Statistics Utilizing Pumping Tests? Two Field Studies Using welltestpy
Authors: Müller Sebastian , Leven Carsten , Dietrich Peter , Attinger Sabine , Zech Alraune
Published: July 2021

We present a workflow to estimate geostatistical aquifer parameters from pumping test data using the Python package welltestpy. The procedure of pumping test analysis is exemplified for two data sets from the Horkheimer Insel site and from the Lauswiesen site, Germany. The analysis is based on a semi‐analytical drawdown solution from the upscaling approach Radial Coarse Graining, which enables to infer log‐transmissivity variance and horizontal correlation length, beside mean transmissivity, and storativity, from pumping test data. We estimate these parameters of aquifer heterogeneity from type‐curve analysis and determine their sensitivity. This procedure, implemented in welltestpy, is a template for analyzing any pumping test. It goes beyond the possibilities of standard methods, for example, based on Theis' equation, which are limited to mean transmissivity and storativity. A sensitivity study showed the impact of observation well positions on the parameter estimation quality. The insights of this study help to optimize future test setups for geostatistical aquifer analysis and provides guidance for investigating pumping tests with regard to aquifer statistics using the open‐source software package welltestpy.
IL‐9 contributes to the host immune response against Helicobacterpylori and helps limit infection in a Mouse Model
Authors: He Yafei , Ning Jie , Li Bin , Guo Hong , Hao Ningbo , Wu Chao
Published: July 2021

Background

As an important mediator in lots of diseases, interleukin‐9 (IL‐9) can be a protector or pro‐inflammatory cytokine depending on the complicated inflammatory milieu. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) induced a series of immunology cells and cytokines change, and however, the role of IL‐9 in H. pylori infection remains unknown.

Materials and methods

Wild‐type and IL‐9 deficient mice were infected with H. pylori by means of intragastric administration. The colonization of H. pylori bacteria was measured by detecting specific 16s rDNA, and the intensity of inflammation was observed by H&E stain. The expression level of inflammation cytokines was determined by ELISA and quantitative real‐time PCR.

Results

IL‐9 was increased due to the attack of H. pylori, besides deletion of Il9 aggravated the bacterial colonization and inflammation intensity. In addition, treatment of rmIL‐9 reduced colonized H. pylori and inflammation level, indicated that IL‐9 was a protector for the host against this bacterium. Followed by the H. pylori infection, interferon (IFN)‐γ and interleukin (IL)‐17A were up‐regulated as expected, and nevertheless, the expression of IL‐17A shared a positive relationship with IL‐9 while IFN‐γ negative associated with IL‐9. Moreover, we also proved that Treg cells were not involved in the protective effect of IL‐9, and meanwhile, CD4+CD25− T cells secreted more IFN‐γ and less IL‐17A in vitro due to the deletion of Il9.

Conclusions

IL‐9 plays a protective role against H. pylori and the protection associated with cytokines change including IFN‐γ and IL‐17A.
ROS1 pattern of immunostaining in 11 cases of spitzoid tumour: comparison with histopathological, fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation and next‐generation sequencing analysis
Authors: Cesinaro Anna Maria , Gallo Graziana , Manfredini Samantha , Maiorana Antonino , Bettelli Stefania Raffaella
Published: July 2021

Aims

Spitzoid tumours have been shown to harbour exclusive kinase fusions. Few studies have analysed substantial numbers of ROS1‐rearranged lesions. The aim of the present study was to investigate also their immunohistochemical profile.

Methods and results

Among a group of 35 spitzoid tumours, of which 34 were consecutively diagnosed in a 3‐year period, we found 11 ROS1 cases that were immunohistochemically positive, from 10 patients, eight of whom were female and two of whom were male, and who were aged 3–52 years (median, 29 years); most lesions (eight) were localized on the lower extremities. Four patterns of immunostaining were observed: cytoplasmic granular diffuse (six cases), sparse cytoplasmic granules (three cases), paranuclear dots (one case), and nuclear (one case). Fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis showed all cases to be rearranged (cut‐off of >15%). RNA next‐generation sequencing (NGS) analysis showed specific fusions of ROS1 in four cases: two with PWWP2A, one with PPFIBP1, and one with ZCCHC8. DNA NGS analysis showed in five cases, specific mutations of AKT, EGFR, NRAS, MYC, ALK, and KIT. ROS1 lesions belonged predominantly to the ‘atypical Spitz tumour’ group, and showed mainly a nested histological pattern. Interestingly, one patient developed two ROS1‐positive lesions.

Conclusions

Immunohistochemistry showed 100% sensitivity and specificity as compared with the FISH results, corresponding to ROS1 rearrangement in 31% of cases studied. These observations shed new light on the value of immunohistochemical evaluation of ROS1 in spitzoid tumours. ROS1 patterns of immunostaining probably reflect different subcellular localisations of ROS1 fusions, although no specific correlations were found in the cases studied. Immunohistochemistry and FISH were the most sensitive techniques for detecting ROS1 rearrangement in this subset of neoplasms.
ESL learners’ perception and its relationship with the efficacy of written corrective feedback
Authors: Sinha Tara Shankar , Nassaji Hossein
Published: July 2021

This study investigated the effects of direct and indirect WCF on learners’ accuracy in revision and new pieces of writing and also examined the relationship between learners’ perception of WCF and the effectiveness of each feedback type. Data were collected from 56 learners divided into three groups: direct WCF group (n = 18), indirect WCF group (n = 18) and control group (n = 20). All groups produced a narrative text based on picture prompts, revised the same text, and produced a new text. The two treatment groups also completed a feedback perception questionnaire. The results demonstrated that the two feedback groups significantly outperformed the control group in both revision and new pieces of writing, but no significant relationship was found between learners’ perception and the effectiveness of either feedback types.
Exploring recovery‐focused educational programmes for advancing mental health nursing: An integrative systematic literature review
Authors: Hawsawi Tahani , Stein‐Parbury Jane , Orr Fiona , Roche Michael , Gill Katherine
Published: July 2021

Recovery‐focused educational programmes have been implemented in mental health services in an attempt to transform care from a purely biomedical orientation to a more recovery‐oriented approach. Mental health nurses have identified the need for enhancing their abilities and confidence in translating recovery knowledge into mental health nursing practice. However, recovery‐focused educational programmes have not fully address nurses’ learning needs. Therefore, this review synthesized the evidence of the effectiveness of recovery‐focused educational programmes for mental health nurses. A systematic search of electronic databases and hand‐searched references was conducted. It identified 35 programmes and 55 educational materials within 39 studies. Synthesizing the literature revealed three themes and nine subthemes. The first theme, a framework for understanding and supporting consumers’ recovery, had four subthemes: consumers’ involvement, multidisciplinary approach, profession‐specific training, and performance indicators. The second theme, contents of educational materials, included the subthemes: knowledge development and recovery‐focused care planning. The final theme, nurses’ learning experiences, included the subthemes: understanding recovery, the positive effects of recovery‐focused educational programmes, and implementation of recovery‐oriented practices. Based on these findings, a mental health nursing recovery‐focused educational programme framework is proposed. Further research should investigate the effectiveness of the framework, especially in relation to recovery‐focused care planning and consumer and carer involvement in the development, delivery, participation, and evaluation of these educational programmes.
Bismuth‐activated, narrow‐band, cyan garnet phosphor Ca3Y2Ge3O12:Bi3+ for near‐ultraviolet‐pumped white LED application
Authors: Li Yongwang , Shao Yanqun , Zhang Weibin , Ye ShanShan , Zhou Jiangcong , Chen Mengting , Ding Jianyan , Wu Quansheng , Hu Zhibiao
Published: July 2021

Herein, a novel Bi3+‐activated Ca3Y2Ge3O12 (CYGO) narrow‐band cyan‐emitting phosphor was synthesized. It can be excited from 320–420 nm, and the strongest excitation peak is located at 370 nm, which is suitable for current near‐ultraviolet (NUV) chips perfectly. The full width at half maximum is at 52 nm. By analyzing the crystal structure of the sample, we infer that the Bi3+ ions replace the Y3+ site to form a highly symmetrical BiO6 octahedron. The time‐resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectra of CYGO: Bi3+ reveal that the only a single emission center exists in the host lattice. A warm white light–emitting diode (WLED) device with a low correlated color temperature (3148 K) and a high color rendering index (90.2) was fabricated by using the as‐prepared sample, and the significant thermal stability of CYGO: Bi3+ guarantees its potential application in WLEDs. It is verified that the structure with only one crystallographic Y site for Bi3+ dopant occupation and highly symmetrical and dense structure is conducive to realize narrow‐band emission, which will provide experience for researchers to explore more Bi3+‐activated phosphors used for high‐end lighting.
Improved trapped field performance of single grain Y‐Ba‐Cu‐O bulk superconductors containing artificial holes
Authors: Huang Kai Yuan , Hlásek Tomáš , Namburi Devendra Kumar , Dennis Anthony R. , Shi Yunhua , Ainslie Mark D. , Congreve Jasmin V. J. , Plecháček Vladimir , Plecháček Jan , Cardwell David A. , Durrell John H.
Published: July 2021

The intrinsic mechanical properties of single‐grain RE‐Ba‐Cu‐O bulk high‐temperature superconductors can be improved by employing a thin‐wall geometry. This is where the samples are melt‐processed with a predefined network of artificial holes to decrease the effective wall thickness. In this study, the tensile strengths of thin‐wall YBCO disks were determined using the Brazilian test at room temperature. Compared with conventional single grain YBCO disks, the thin‐wall YBCO disks displayed an average tensile strength that is 93% higher when the holes were filled with Stycast epoxy resin. This implies a thin‐wall sample should, in theory, be able to sustain a trapped field that is 39% higher without exceeding the mechanical limit of the sample. High‐field magnetization experiments were performed by applying magnetization fields of up to 11.5 T, specifically to break the samples in order to verify the effect of increased mechanical strength (and improved cooling) on the ability of bulk (RE)BCO to trap field successfully. The standard YBCO sample failed when it was magnetized with a field of 10 T at 35 K, suffering permanent damage. As a result, the standard sample could only trap a maximum surface field of 7.6 T without failure. On the other hand, the thin‐wall YBCO sample survived all magnetization cycles, including a maximum magnetization field of 11.5 T at 35 K, demonstrating a greater intrinsic ability to withstand significantly higher electromagnetic stresses. By subsequently field‐cooling the thin‐wall sample with 11 T at 30 K, a surface field of 8.8 T was trapped successfully without requiring any external ring reinforcement.