bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The land reclamation concept as a key factor in solving the environmental problems of coal mining regions
Authors: Galanina Tatyana , Koroleva Tatyana , Zakamskaya Larisa , Tretyakova Inga
Published: June 2020

The impact of coal mining in Kuzbass on the ecosystem of the region is studied in the article. Large-scale mining operations have led to land disturbance over large areas. The coal industry development program, which provides for a significant increase in production, will further aggravate the identified problem. There are a lot of reclamation mechanisms, they must be implemented comprehensively, be high-tech. Large-scale disturbance of land resources, and land retirement, its pollution and littering are the most significant problems requiring a primary solution. The mechanism of state and regional legal regulation of disturbed land reclamation is proposed. Improving the quality of reclamation will be facilitated by the development of a strategy for the environmental remediation, which would be included into the Concept for reclamation of disturbed lands.
Modern Methods of Marketing Researches of Ecological Needs of Population in the Region
Authors: Luneva Elena , Rebrowa Natalia , Frik Olga
Published: June 2020

The economic damage from environmental pollution is significant; therefore, environmental protection has become an urgent problem in recent decades. The greening of the economy, the growing needs of a socio-biological nature form an environmental orientation of the interests of consumers, more and more people are aware of the importance of preserving the environment. The purpose of the article is to analyze the process of environmental awareness at the level of residents of the region, the influence of the level of development of environmental awareness of consumers on the formation and satisfaction of their environmental needs. The authors revealed the features of greening the needs of residents of the Omsk region, in the course of a marketing research, the structure of the environmental preferences of the population was determined. The choice of research methods is associated with the features of regional studies and environmental topics, to which, on the one hand, there is an increased interest among residents of the region, and on the other hand, there is a low involvement in the interviewing process.
The Study of the Distillation Volume of the Liquid Tire Pyrolysis Product
Authors: Vasilieva Elena , Nevedrov Aleksandr , Papin Andrey , Chernik Aleksandr
Published: June 2020

At present, the disposal of polymer and rubber waste, and especially automobile tires, is one of the most acute environmental problems. These types of waste pollute the environment both when they are stored at landfills and during subsequent disposal, especially if it is carried out in the form of incineration. Therefore, at present, much attention is paid to thermal methods of their processing. The results of the study of liquid product of pyrolysis of tires of Kuznetskecology+ LLC are presented in the work. During its distillation, the following fractures were obtained (the yield wt% is indicated in parentheses): petroleum (4), gasoline (21), kerosene (18), diesel (47), fuel oil (10), for which the refractive index was determined and a conclusion about their chemical composition was drawn. When analyzing the data obtained during the analysis of liquid pyrolysis product and its fractions, as well as on the basis of published data, possible chemical reactions occurring during vulcanized rubber pyrolysis are proposed. Research results show that pyrolysis products are valuable chemical raw materials that have great prospects for industrial use, including the production of synthetic motor fuels.
Assessment of Environmental Risks at Oil and Gas Production Companies Using an Integrated Method
Authors: Gorlenko Nadezhda , Murzin Mikhail , Belyaevsky Roman
Published: June 2020

The assessment of environmental risks at oil and gas production facilities is one of the most important and relevant areas. Essentially, the results of the current assessment procedure are in most cases divorced from the real situation that is taking shape in the territory of mining operations. The main issue is the lack of a methodology that would combine an assessment of each component of the environment. The aim of this work is to justify and develop an integrated methodology for assessing environmental risks. For this, we considered the main types of environmental impacts of oil and gas production companies, and from existing methods for assessing environmental risks we selected those able to take into account the largest range of impacts. Using the resulting set of methods for assessing environmental risks, we conducted a study of the environmental condition at the oil and gas fields in the Lena-Tunguska oil and gas province, namely, the Yarakta, Iktekh, and Markovo fields. As a result, the environmental risk identified at these facilities corresponded to the “medium” level. As result, at these facilities during the risk management procedure it is necessary to implement additional measures aimed at minimizing the negative impact on the environment.
Dimensional Joint Running-in of Cylindrical Parts of Mining Machinery
Authors: Blumenstein Valeriy , Krechetov Andrey , Mahalov Maksim , Ostanin Oleg
Published: June 2020

The current task of engineering is to ensure the quality and reliability of critical parts of an extended cylindrical shape. This task is especially relevant in the production of power hydraulics parts for mining equipment (ME). One of the ways to ensure the required quality of the surface layer (SL) of mining equipment parts is the use of combined and joint methods of parts hardening by surface plastic deformation (SPD). Combined methods present sequential machining in which the methods used are separated into different technological steps, while the joint machining is carried out by concentrating the methods into one technological step (setup). The analysis shows that this approach, although it has a number of indisputable advantages, allowing an increase in the accuracy, machining efficiency and SL quality, is not without drawbacks that hinder the use of combined and joint machining methods in the manufacture of parts with IT 8-9 accuracy. The dimensional joint running- in method (DJR) is based on the original scheme of interaction between the cutting and deforming tools allowing a cylindrical surface with an accuracy of IT 8-9 and a roughness of no more than Ra 0.4 μm, hardened to a depth of 10 mm in one pass. The study shows the possibilities of a much greater SL deformation without its destruction than with the traditional SPD. The analysis of the structure and basic technologies has shown the feasibility of replacing a number of turning and grinding operations with one dimensional joint running-in operation. The design of the device for DJR based on a lathe is given. The completed economic calculations have established that it is possible to implement this method in the existing economic situation.
Evaluation of Level and Growth Factors of Mining Companies
Authors: Frolova Viktoriia , Borisova Olga , Filimonova Nadezhda
Published: June 2020

The article reflects some aspects of the authors’ research on issues related to the growth of mining companies. The authors analyzed the main approaches to assessing growth, revealed correlation dependencies between them, as well as factors of the industry and macroeconomic level. The study allows concluding that not all proposed models show the same dynamic trends, as a result, the authors proposed a reasonable choice of one of the models. The authors found that the important factors the development of which is necessary for the growth of companies and the mining industry as a whole are the restructuring of the business model, the transition to more active use of digital technologies and overcoming the effects of the pandemic. In addition, it is important for companies to maintain demand for their products, the achievement of which feasible through access to e- commerce sites and real-time trading.
Review of Mining Equipment with Controlled Robotized Subvel Caving with Specialized Software
Authors: Starodubov Aleksey , Sinoviev Vasily , Totskiy Andrey , Klishin Vladimir
Published: June 2020

Near 19 million ton of coal are mined with subvel caving. This is about 15% of all mined coal. Significant part of high qualitative coal is concentrated in thick seams (more than 4,8 m.). Subvel caving for thick seams is the main factor of mining efficiency. Specialized software has been developed for research and projecting of thick seams coal mining. It allows to automate the process of optimal mode choice with robotized subvel caving for different mining-and-geological conditions. We showed operating principle of the software and screen forms of data entering and output of modes simulating results for mining equipment with robotized subvel caving.
Choosing and Explaining Methods of Non-Destructive Control of Gear Mechanisms in Imported Excavators
Authors: Drygin Michael , Kuryshkin Nikolai
Published: June 2020

Kuzbass opencast coal mines use foreign produced excavators as basic equipment. Capital repair of these excavators involves complete replacement of all tooth wheel gearing in reduction gear boxes after 2~3 years of work (depending on operating time). The cost of this replacement is practically equal to the cost of new gear boxes. To minimize repair costs and extend service life of gear-tooth systems in gear boxes a methodology for monitoring technical state of gear boxes in imported mining equipment was developed. It allows to obtain reliable information about the level and significance of in-service defects in their elements. The research showed that the most reliable methods of control are visual and dimensional test (67%) and fluorescent-magnetic inspection (32%), and used together these two methods allow to detect up to 100% of significant defects. The most significant among service defects in typical elements of gearing systems are single and multiple cracks.
Development and Performance Evaluation of a Computer Program Based on Neural Network Mathematical Models for Forecasting By- Product Yield
Authors: Vasileva Yelena , Nevedrov Aleksandr , Subbotin Sergey
Published: June 2020

Process performance of coking plants are based on data on the yield of by-products of coking coal and their quality, therefore, much attention is paid to the issues of their analysis. In view of the complexity and insufficient knowledge of the relationship between these parameters, mathematical modeling of this dependence using neural networks is of great interest. Based on a mathematical analysis of experimental data on the quality indicators of coal, coal concentrates and the by-product yield, neural network mathematical models have been developed to forecast the parameters under study. The neural network is based on the Ward’s network. Based on the results of the research, the application “Intelligent Information System for Forecasting By-product Yield” was created, which implements neural networks [1]. The relative forecasting error for the parameter “coke” is 0.64±0.23%, “coal tar” is 19.53±5.25%, “crude benzene” is 10.02±2.83%, and “coke gas” is 5.11±1.34%. A comparative analysis of the data obtained using the developed design method is carried out, with the simulation results using existing methods, as well as with the production values of by-products yield.
Evaluation of new knowledge generation in the oil and gas sector of Russia through the prism of patent activity
Authors: Kryukov Valeriy , Tokarev Anatoliy
Published: June 2020

One way to describe the evolution of the modern knowledge base in the Russian oil and gas sector (OGS) is to consider it through the dynamics and results of patent activity related to inventions. On the whole, we observe rising complexity of the industrial knowledge base of OGS, which responds to changes in the resource base of OGS and reflects world- wide trends of innovation-driven growth. Notably, Russian inventions for OGS comprise rather limited use of technologies from complementary knowledge fields.
Professional Selection of Personnel as a Factor of Sustainable Development of the Mining Region
Authors: Zaruba Natalia , Nikiforova Olga , Vostrikov Konstantin
Published: June 2020

The subject of the study is the organization of professional selection of personnel as a factor of sustainable development of the mining region. Dynamic changes in the market economy have created a number of problems in the ideology and practice of personnel selection in the coal industry, caused by the low level of academic mobility of specialists. The purpose of this work is to analyze the problems of professional selection of personnel in the coal industry in order to determine the level of academic mobility and develop proposals for their solution. Used research methods: analysis, specification, description, generalization modeling. The study revealed some problems of professional selection of personnel for the coal industry considered a deterrent to the sustainable development of the coal industry. These problems include the following drawbacks: the low level of expertise of experts in General, in matters of professional diagnostics, and that is important in today’s dynamic conditions, diagnostics of academic mobility of a specialist in the coal industry. The scheme of professional selection of personnel present, which can be applied in order to solve some of the listed problems. In conclusion, the article substantiates the fact that it is necessary to review and correct the existing methodological tools, methodology for selecting and evaluating the professional suitability of personnel for the coal industry.
Adaptive Technology Training of Human Capital for the Mining Industry
Authors: Mikhalchenko Vadim , Seredkina Irina
Published: June 2020

In the article the original method Quality Function Deployment in relation to the preparation of University specialists with higher education. The method is based on the process of a phased conversion of customer requirements in specific organizational, substantive and functional transformation of the technological process of the University. The ultimate goal of these reforms - training knowledge and skills which meet the requirements and expectations of the customers of universities - enterprises of the mining industry.
Algorithmic Provision of System of Optimal Distribution of Tender Projects between Executors by Types of Work in Mining Industry
Authors: Abou-Abed Fares Nadim
Published: June 2020

Today, in order to manage a mining and industrial enterprise, it is necessary to ensure the planning and management of the project activities of the company at all its stages. During the implementation of the project, at the initial phase of its life cycle, a significant impact on further success is provided by the resource and procurement management subsystem in particular. This subsystem is responsible for the material and technical support of the project, including the processes of acquiring goods, products and services from external supplier organizations: selection of suppliers and contractors and conclusion of contracts with them. In a market economy, the best solution to the problem of selecting performers is possible only in free competition. For this reason, the most commonly used form of selection of contractors for work put forward by the customer is the competitive form. This selection form is implemented in the form of contract bidding, or tender. Due to the breadth of the spread of the competitive form of selection of proposals for work on pre- announced conditions, the problem of selecting performers for a particular project from the number of applicants for the tender becomes urgent. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the requirements for the work execution process and for counterparties with whom contracts are concluded based on the results of tenders. The solution of the problem of the optimal assignment of contractors applying for projects on a competitive basis significantly increases the efficiency of financing distribution, reduces the time frame for the implementation of the work package and produces a general positive economic effect, which determines the relevance of the research topic.
Using Innovative Approach to Forming Foreign Language Professional Communicative Competence at Bachelors of Science in Mining Engineering
Authors: Lebedintsev Sergey , Fedyanina Lyubov , Gustov Vyacheslav
Published: June 2020

This article discusses the authors’ methods and techniques in the system of innovative pedagogical technologies proposed by postsecondary foreign language teachers providing effective control of knowledge and skills of Bachelors of Science in Mining Engineering in all types of speech activity in an innovative approach. A system of innovative tests in running control has been developed and presented which can be used both in the classroom of a teacher with students at a University and in the conditions of remote online communication throughout the process of training bachelors in mining specialties. It has been found that the formation of a foreign-language professional communicative competence of a Bachelor of Science in Mining Engineering, among other things, depends on a well-designed and tested innovative system of items in a test form.
Prospects for Social and Economic Development of Coal Mining Regions
Authors: Kazantseva Elena , Osokina Natalya , Chistyakova Galina
Published: June 2020

In recent decades, raw materials companies occupy leading positions in world ratings, largely determining the economic situation of their home countries. The rapid growth of digital companies’ position in the global economy does not detract from the role of raw materials production, which develops using modern technologies and adheres to the principles of sustainable development. The paper analyzes the position of leading foreign and domestic raw materials companies in the world rankings; examines the features of mining regions functioning, in particular, coal mining regions (on the example of the Kemerovo region, Western Siberia, Russia), and the prospects for their long-term development. Proposals for long-term development of coal mining regions are formulated.
Integration and Innovation Determinants of Modern Mining Higher Education Development
Authors: Kretschmann Jürgen , Pevneva Inna , Ivanova Svetlana , Sant’eva Elena , Bakanov Maxim
Published: June 2020

The development prospects of Russian industry are defined as a transition to the post-industrial stage of development. It is characterized, on the one hand, by a high share of deep processing of raw materials, mass production of digital products; on the other hand – by the development of a “knowledge economy” and the emergence of technical universities in the place of flagships for innovative development. At present, the integration trend of industry and higher engineering education is deepening, globalization of national educational complexes is ongoing, and international university cooperation is developing. All this has become a part of the production process and education globalization. The university community cannot stand aloof from the all-pervasive process of globalization of social-and-economic relations, the formation of their planetary model. Universities of leading countries are actively integrating both into international educational and business interactions. The entry of Russian corporations into the world markets means the transfer of global requirements for personnel quality training. Special competencies in the post-industrial economy are becoming the determining factor of competitiveness. This is especially true for mining engineers, whose university training in Russia is also carried out in the context of integration of national higher education system in the global educational market.
Green Economy as an Object of State Regulation of Sustainable Development
Authors: Gostieva Nina , Kazarinova Elena , Samarina Ekaterina , Balabanova Anna
Published: June 2020

In the past two years, the idea of a green economy has been widely discussed by not only environmental experts, but also various economic researchers. It is increasingly mentioned by heads of state and finance ministers, as well as in joint statements by the G20 and discussed in the context of sustainable development and fight against environmental damage. The current increase in relevance of the green economy concept is undoubtedly fueled by growing disappointment in the most widespread economic model, as well as the feeling of fatigue generated by the many crises and environmental failures that have been observed during the first two decades of the new century. The transition to a green economy has a solid economic and social justification. Convincing arguments are emerging in favor of doubling the efforts of both the state and the private sector towards to green economy transformation. In this regard, the state is faced with the task of leveling the rules for green products by refusing to provide obsolete subsidies, reforming policies and creating new incentives, strengthening ecological infrastructure and economic mechanisms, redirecting public investment and moving to green public procurement.
Institutional Traps and Externalities of Sustainable Development of the Mining Country in Transition to Digital and Knowledge Economy
Authors: Dotsenko Elena , Ezdina Natalia , Cagáňová Dagmar , Mudrova Svetlana
Published: June 2020

The content, boundaries, development vector and expected results of the sustainable development policy today rightfully belong to one of the most debated issues in the scientific community. The imperative of solving the critical problem of replacing the dominant world order based on the extraction of mineral raw materials carries the risk of increasing economic isolationism. This threatens to eliminate the economics of extracting products from technological production chains that meet the needs of modern consumers around the world, and the loss of technological identity of the industry. For the transition of an economy with a developed commodity sector to the path of sustainable development, modernization of industry on a new technological basis is required and saturation of the domestic market with environmentally friendly production requires, on the one hand, the import of technologies, and on the other, significant “environmental technologies connected” investments. Therefore, sustainable development should be both a goal and, at the same time, the result of a new industrialization of the economy, cannot set itself the goal of enhancing isolation from the global raw materials market.
Information and Communication Technologies in Foreign Language Teaching in Multinational Higher Education Environment of Mining Region
Authors: Islamov Roman , Greenwald Oksana , Tunyova Nina
Published: June 2020

Sustainable development of a coal mining region such as Kuzbass to a large extent depends on the high-level education of specialists provided by higher education establishments of the region. The article focuses on information and communication technologies (ICT) as an integral part of educational process at a tertiary education level that are reforming and advancing it towards the innovative rank satisfying the demands of the mining region industry. The current situation of forced distance learning because of coronavirus epidemics in the world made it necessary to look at ICT not as a supportive tool of an educator but as a meaningful agent of pedagogical interaction. The analysis of ICT function in higher education allows defining ICT as a subject of pedagogical interaction. Some of e-learning resources and applications are analyzed from the point of view of their capability and efficiency to conduct foreign language distance teaching, in particular in multinational student groups of Kemerovo State University.
Budgeting as an Instrument of Increasing Competitiveness and Sustainability of Mining Enterprise
Authors: Rebrowa Natalia , Kovalev Alexandr , Frik Olga , Sargsyan Gaik
Published: June 2020

The authors conducted a study of the concept and essence of budgeting as a financial planning tool for mining companies to secure their sustainable development. The role of budgeting in increasing the competitiveness and sustainability of the organization is shown. The importance of information on the state of budgets is shown. This information provides the company management with the opportunity to analyze the financial performance of the structural divisions of the company, identify promising areas of activity, as well as areas of differentiation of activities or structural adjustment.
COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility in healthcare workers – cluster study at a German Teaching Hospital
Authors: Scherer Michael A. , von Freyburg Alexander , Brücher Björn L.D.M. , Jamall Ijaz S. , Schmidt Annette , Hagedorn Hjalmar
Published: June 2020

Purpose:The local health department (in German: Gesundheitsamt) ordered a shutdown of a teaching hospital due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak – one index patient and five infected healthcare workers – and put it under quarantine. For the first time, all patients plus all employees of one German hospital (healthcare providers, physicians, and nurses) were tested to detect silent or asymptomatic carriers.

Methods:A serial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for SARS-CoV-2 was performed three times (1) between April 3rd and 5th, 2020 [n = 1171], (2) between April 8th and 9th, 2020 [n = 953] and (3) between April 14th and 17th, 2020 [n = 983].

Results:The teaching hospital’s proven coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient load on Friday, April 3rd, 2020, was 34 patients, of whom 11 were on ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU), one in the intermediate care unit (IMC), and 22 in the infectious disease ward. Another 32 patients in a different infectious disease ward were suspected for COVID-19 with test results pending. COVID-19 silent carrier (asymptomatic) positivity rates based on the phases of testing were (1)n = 24 (2.1%), (2)n = 25 (2.6%) andn = 9 (0.9%). The cumulative infection rate for healthcare providers, physical therapists, physicians, and nurses was 1.8%, 4.5%, 4.8%, and 11.9% which were associated with the type and extent of COVID-19 patient contact (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:Despite prior proper preparation, a COVID-19 positive patient load of up to 34.8% (46 of 132 hospital beds) resulted in a 10- to 20-fold increase in risk for healthcare workers for SARS-CoV-2 compared to the general population. Because of asymptomatic carriers, a COVID-19-free hospital cannot be expected to exist. Based on our experience, repeated testing of all staff members with patient contact is necessary and is the best option to effectively contain the virus. Those having the most contact with patients had the highest risk of becoming infected (10- to 20-fold higher risk), with nurses being at the highest risk.
Cryptic speciation of the zoogonid digenean Diphterostomum flavum n. sp. demonstrated by morphological and molecular data
Authors: Gilardoni Carmen , Etchegoin Jorge , Cribb Thomas , Pina Susana , Rodrigues Pedro , Diez María Emilia , Cremonte Florencia
Published: June 2020

Diphterostomum brusinae (Zoogonidae) is a digenean species that has been recorded worldwide parasitizing marine fishes. Several species have been synonymized with D. brusinae because they lack conspicuous morphological differences. However, due to the breadth of its geographic distribution and the variety of hosts involved in the life cycles, it is likely to be an assemblage of cryptic species. Diphterostomum flavum n. sp. is described here as a morphologically cryptic relative of D. brusinae, in the fish Pinguipes brasilianus (Pinguipedidae) off the Patagonian coast, Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, and its life cycle is elucidated through morphology and molecular analysis. This species uses the gastropod Buccinanops deformis (Nassariidae) as first and second intermediate host with metacercariae encysting within sporocysts. They also, however, use the polychaete Kinbergonuphis dorsalis (Onuphidae) as second intermediate host. No morphological differences were found between adults of D. flavum n. sp. and D. brusinae; however, the number of penetration glands of the cercariae, a diagnostic feature, differed (9 vs. 3 pairs), as well as the ITS2 sequences for the two species. This work provides morphological and molecular evidence of cryptic diversification among species described as D. brusinae, in which the only clear differences are in larval morphology and host spectrum. The strict specificity to the snail acting as the first intermediate host and the variety of fishes with different feeding habits acting as definitive hosts support the likely existence of multiple cryptic species around the world.
Comparison of blood loss between intra-articular and intra-venous administration of tranexamic acid in primary total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Amin Muhammad Suhail , Habib Muhammad Khurram , Rehman Aziz Ur
Published: June 2020

Objective: To compare the blood loss between intra-articular and intra-venous administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) in patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty. Design of study: It was a randomized controlled trial. Study duration and settings: This study was carried out at the Orthopedic Departments of Combined Military Hospital Lahore and Rawalpindi from Jan 2016 to March 2018. Methodology: Patients of both the genders were involved this study who had age in the rage of 40–80 years undergoing primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty for degenerative conditions like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. These patients were randomly divided into two treatment groups. Patients in IA group received intra-articular tranexamic acid while those in IV group received intravenous tranexamic acid. From all the patients, a written signed consent was taken. Findings: Females were predominant with male-to-female ratio of 1:3.7. The mean age of the patients was 67.3 ± 8.2 years while the mean BMI was 30.9 ± 2.9 Kg/m2. Majority (n = 191, 95.5%) of the patients had osteoarthritis while remaining 9 (4.5%) patients had rheumatoid arthritis. There was no statistically significant difference between intra-articular and intra-venous administration of tranexamic acid in terms of mean post-operative hemoglobin (9.93 ± 1.14 vs. 9.87 ± 1.26 g/dL; p-value = 0.724), mean post-operative hematocrit (34.8 ± 1.66 vs. 34.73 ± 1.27%; p-value = 0.594), and mean fall in hemoglobin (2.27 ± 0.34 vs. 2.25 ± 0.30 g/dL; p-value = 0.587) and hematocrit (2.34 ± 0.94 vs. 2.46 ± 0.28%; p-value = 0.216). Conclusion: Intra-articular administration of tranexamic acid was found to be as effective and safe as intra-venous administration in reducing blood loss in primary total knee arthroplasty. Due to convenience, the use of intra-articular administration of tranexamic acid after primary TKA may be considered in future practice.
Dual mobility cups for total hip arthroplasty: tips and tricks
Authors: Neri Thomas , Boyer Bertrand , Batailler Cécile , Klasan Antonio , Lustig Sebastien , Philippot Remi , Farizon Frederic
Published: June 2020

Since its creation in 1974, the Dual Mobility Cup (DMC) has been gaining in popularity, especially in the past decade. This intensive use could lead to inappropriate use and consequently to an increased complication rate. Compliance with conceptual requirements and surgical techniques will prevent the occurrence of complications that can be wrongly attributed to implants. In this context, we feel that it is essential to share our tips and tricks as well as an overview and an explanation of common errors, based on more than 45 years of clinical and research experience. From basic principles, including indications, implant choice and implant compatibility, to surgical tips, in this article orthopedic surgeons will find a practical overview of DMC in order to use it safely and with confidence.
Behçet-Syndrom
Authors: Xenitidis Theodoros , Henes Joerg Christoph
Published: June 2020

Das Behçet-Syndrom gehört zu den Vaskulitiden variabler Gefäßgröße. Das klinische Bild ist sehr vielfältig und erfordert in der Regel eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit. Pathogenetisch scheint es eine Mittelstellung zwischen einer polygenetischen Autoinflammationserkrankung und einer autoimmunen Erkrankung einzunehmen. 2018 wurden neue EULAR-Empfehlungen herausgegeben. Die Therapie richtet sich nach der führenden Beteiligung der einzelnen Organe. Seit 2016 ist Adalimumab zugelassen für die Behandlung der hinteren Augenbeteiligung. Infliximab, Interferon a2a, Interleukin-1-Antagonisten und Apremilast können Therapiealternativen darstellen.
Editorial
Authors: Illgner Ulrich
Published: June 2020

Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren, liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen,

wir freuen uns Ihnen in dem vorliegenden Sonderheft einige Krankheiten vorzustellen,
die uns vielleicht nicht jeden Tag begegnen aber möglicherweise doch nicht
so selten sind wie gedacht. Wir sollten dabei bedenken, dass wir alle
Spezial-Sprechstunden und -Versorgungen betreiben wodurch auch insgesamt wenig
verbreitete Phänomene in diesem Setting doch deutlich häufiger
auftreten können oder gezielt zur Abklärung geschickt werden.
Chemotherapie beim kaninen Hämangiosarkom der Milz
Authors: Betz Daniela Simon
Published: June 2020

Treggiari E, Borrego JF, Gramer I et al. Retrospective comparison of first-line adjuvant anthracycline vs metronomic-based chemotherapy protocols in the treatment of stage I and stage II canine splenic hemangiosarcoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 1–9

Das kanine Hämangiosarkom der Milz ist eine maligne Neoplasie, bei der nach alleiniger Splenektomie die mediane Überlebenszeit etwa 3 Monate beträgt und die 1-Jahres-Überlebensrate unter 10 % liegt. Daher kommt vielfach eine adjuvante Chemotherapie zum Einsatz. Unklar ist bisher, wie sich verschiedene Behandlungsprotokolle in der Wirksamkeit unterscheiden. Ziel dieser Studie war daher, die Effektivität dreier Chemotherapieprotokolle bei Hunden mit einem Milzhämangiosarkom zu vergleichen.
Roboterassistierte Refundoplicatio bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Moursi Ahmed Gamal Abdelmalek , Grimminger Peter , Rohleder Stephan , Muensterer Oliver
Published: June 2020

Zielsetzung Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt Schritt für Schritt die roboterassistierte Refundoplicatio bei jugendlichen Patienten, die in ihrer Kindheit eine Fundoplicatio erhalten hatten.

Einleitung Das Wiederauftreten von gastroösophagealem Reflux bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen, die eine Fundoplicatio im Kindes- oder Kleinkindalter hatten, stellt eine große chirurgische und technische Herausforderung für den Chirurgen dar. Zum einen ist der distale Ösophagus und Hiatus oesophageus bei einer Laparotomie nur schwer zugänglich, zum anderen handelt es sich um eine durch die Voroperation veränderte Anatomie. Außerdem sind wichtige Strukturen in diesem Bereich meist dicht verwachsen. Der Einsatz der roboterassistierten Chirurgie kann hier evtl. durch die 3-dimensionale (3-D) Sicht und die multiaxiale Bewegungsfreiheit der Instrumente intraoperative Vorteile bieten.

Ziel Wir wollen unsere Erfahrung mit der roboterassistierten Refundoplicatio nach Nissen bei jugendlichen Patienten beschreiben, die als Kinder primär fundopliziert wurden.

Methoden Das Video zeigt schrittweise die roboterassistierte Refundoplicatio mit dem Robotersystem Da Vinci Xi (Intuitive, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). Es handelt sich in unserer Serie um 3 Patienten, die im Alter von 15 ± 2 Jahren eine Refundoplicatio aufgrund von gastroösophagealem Reflux erhielten. Durchschnittlich 11,8 Jahre nach dem Primäreingriff zeigten sich pathologische Refluxsymptome, aufgrund derer die Indikation zur Refundoplicatio nach Nissen-Rosetti gestellt wurde.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion Die 3-D-Visualisierung des Robotersystems bot dem Operateur bei der Präparation eine gute Übersicht im voroperierten Situs. Außerdem erlaubte sie eine präzise Dissektion der erwarteten Adhäsionen um den Hiatus. Die durchschnittliche Schnitt-Naht-Zeit der roboterassistierten Refundoplicatio betrug 174 min. Weder intra- noch postoperativ traten Komplikationen auf. Ähnlich wie bei dem Erlernen laparoskopischer Operationstechniken ist bei roboterassistierter Chirurgie eine Lernkurve vorhanden. Diesen Trend kann man anhand unserer Daten bereits nachvollziehen. Eine Verkürzung der Operationszeit und die einfachere Präparation könnte dementsprechend den erhöhten Materialeinsatz des Roboters aufwiegen.

Schlussfolgerung Die roboterassistierte Refundoplicatio ist eine ausgezeichnete Alternative zu konventionellen laparoskopischen Verfahren bei jungen Erwachsenen, die in früher Kindheit eine Fundoplicatio erhalten haben und erneut Refluxsymptome entwickeln. Die 3-D-Sicht und die multiaxiale Bewegungsfreiheit der Instrumente erleichtern die Präparation der Strukturen und Adhäsionen.
Hintergründe und psychische Folgen organisierter und ritueller Gewalt – Berichte an die Unabhängige Kommission zur Aufarbeitung sexuellen Kindesmissbrauchs
Authors: Schröder Johanna , Behrendt Pia , Nick Susanne , Briken Peer
Published: June 2020

Sexueller Kindesmissbrauch in organisierten Strukturen wird durch kommerzielle Ausbeutung von Kindern und Jugendlichen durch vernetzte Täter_innengruppen charakterisiert. Rituelle Strukturen zeichnen sich darüber hinaus durch ideologische Sinngebungen aus (z. B. Sekten).

Methodik Mittels einer quantifizierenden Inhaltsanalyse wurden 41 vertrauliche Anhörungen und schriftliche Berichte von Betroffenen und Zeitzeug_innen ausgewertet, die aus dem Kontext organisierter und ritueller Gewalt (ORG) bei der Unabhängigen Kommission zur Aufarbeitung sexuellen Kindesmissbrauchs (UKASK) eingegangen sind.

Ergebnisse Am häufigsten wurden rechtsextreme, satanistische und religiöse Ideologien beschrieben. Als Täter_innen wurden, neben Fremdtäter_innen, meistens der eigene Vater sowie, in der Hälfte der Berichte, zusätzlich die eigene Mutter genannt. Als Folge der Gewalt wurden vorrangig dissoziative Identitätsstörungen berichtet, die eine Herausforderung für psychosoziale und psychiatrische Fachpersonen darstellen.

Diskussion Es ist notwendig, Personen, die in den Versorgungsstrukturen des Gesundheitssystems mit schwer traumatisierten Personen in Kontakt kommen, über ORG und die psychischen Folgen extremer Gewalt zu informieren.
Geschlechtsbestimmung bei Pferdefeten mittels zwei- und dreidimensionaler Sonografie in der Frühgravidität
Authors: Becsek Angela , Schweizer Adrian , Knutti Barbara , Bollwein Heiner
Published: June 2020

Ziel Das Ziel dieser Studie war, erstmals zweidimensionale (2D) und dreidimensionale (3D) transrektale Ultraschalluntersuchungen (USU) hinsichtlich ihrer Richtigkeit und dem zeitlichen Aufwand zur Geschlechtsdiagnose bei Pferdefeten zu vergleichen.

Material und Methoden Zu diesem Zweck wurden 47 Stuten zwischen den Tagen 58 und 115 der Gravidität zunächst einer 2D-USU unterzogen, um das fetale Geschlecht anhand der Lokalisation des Genitaltuberkels oder dem Vorhandensein von äußeren Geschlechtsteilen zu ermitteln. Im Folgenden wurden 3D-Bilder des Fetus angefertigt und anschließend an einem PC ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Der beste Zeitraum zur Geschlechtsbestimmung war zwischen dem 58. und 79. Graviditätstag mit 77 % (2D-USU und 3D-Bild-Auswertung) korrekten Diagnosen. Durch wiederholtes Auswerten der 3D-Bilder konnte eine Steigerung richtiger Diagnosen um 16 % erzielt werden. Der zusätzliche Zeitaufwand für die 3D-USU und die 3D-Bild-Auswertung betrug etwa 6–7 Minuten pro Stute.

Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass die 3D- gegenüber der 2D-Sonografie die Zuverlässigkeit der transrektalen Geschlechtsbestimmung erhöht. Erfahrenen Untersuchern bringt die 3D-Ultraschalltechnik jedoch keine entscheidenden Vorteile und ist zudem zeitaufwendiger.
The High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Magnetic Detector System
3D-Magma Accurately Measures Gastric and Small Bowel Motility in People with
Type 2 Diabetes with Neuropathy
Authors: Jacob Veit Yves Pascal , Felber Jörg , Müller Nicolle , Kloos Christof , Müller Ulrich Alfons , Stallmach Andreas
Published: June 2020

Gastroparesis is an important complication of diabetes. Motility disorders are
underdiagnosed and can lead to unexplained hypoglycemia. Currently diagnostic
options are limited. All established methods harbor certain disadvantages. The
3D-MAGMA system is capable of reliably measuring gastric and small intestinal
motility. The aim of the current study was to determine if 3D-MAGMA is able to
detect changes in intestinal motility in people with type 2 diabetes. 18 healthy
volunteers and 19 people with type 2 diabetes underwent motility testing by
3D-MAGMA. In the control group the retention time in the stomach was 33.0 [min]
compared to 75.3 [min] in the diabetes group. The median time in the duodenum
was 12.7 [min] compared to 8.1 [min]. The time for the first 50 cm of
the jejunum was 29.9 [min] compared to 28.2 [min]. Discussion and conclusion:
3D-MAGMA is able to detect changes in intestinal motility. Its clinical value
might be useful in patients with fluctuating blood glucose levels and
unexplained hypoglycemic episodes.
Tod durch Sepsis nach längerfristiger hochdosierter Glukokortikosteroid-Therapie einer Urtikaria
Authors: Elsner P. , Schliemann S. , Meyer J.
Published: June 2020

Ein 80-jähriger Patient mit der Einweisungsdiagnose einer unklaren schweren Urtikaria wurde stationär in einer Klinik für Dermatologie über mehr als 3 Wochen mit systemischen Antihistaminika und intravenös gegebenen Glukokortikosteroiden in höherer Dosis (über 100 mg Prednisolonäquivalenten/Tag) behandelt. Darunter kam es zu einer diabetischen Stoffwechsellage, einer Thrombozytopenie und einer intensivmedizinisch nicht beherrschbaren Staphylokokkensepsis, die schließlich zum Tode führte.

Die Schlichtungsstelle beurteilte die längerfristige hochdosierte systemische Glukokortikosteroid-Therapie der Urtikaria als vermeidbaren Behandlungsfehler, da aufgrund der von der Klinik gewählten hohen Glukokortikoid-Dosen und der Behandlungsdauer mit einer ausgeprägten Immunsuppression und entsprechend hoher Infektanfälligkeit zu rechnen war, die sich im konkreten Fall in tragischer Weise realisiert hat.

In der Therapie der akuten Urtikaria, aber auch der chronisch-spontanen Urtikaria kann bei Nichtansprechen auf die höherdosierten H1-Antihistaminika die Gabe von systemischen Glukokortikosteroiden notwendig werden; diese sind allerdings bei akuter Urtikaria nur kurzzeitig (für 3 – 4 Tage) mit 40 – 50 mg Predinisolonäquivalent pro Tag empfohlen. Nur wenn assoziierte schwere Angioödeme vorliegen, ergibt sich eine Indikation für eine höherdosierte intravenöse Prednisolontherapie. Die aktuelle internationale Leitlinie zur chronischen Urtikaria äußert sich sehr kritisch gegenüber einer längerfristigen Anwendung von systemischen Glukokortikosteroiden bei der chronisch-spontanen Urtikaria; selbst bei akuten Exazerbationen der chronisch-spontanen Urtikaria sollte die Behandlung auf maximal bis zu 10 Tagen begrenzt werden.

Insbesondere im Fall des Off-Label-Einsatzes von Medikamenten, wie es im aktuellen Fall sowohl bez. der Antihistaminika als auch des systemischen Glukokortikosteroids gegeben war, treffen den behandelnden Arzt besondere Aufklärungspflichten, damit der Patient rechtswirksam zustimmen kann („informed consent“). Die Beweislast für die ordnungsgemäße Aufklärung über einen Off-Label-Use obliegt dem Arzt; diese sollte er zur Vermeidung von Aufklärungsrügen nach Möglichkeit schriftlich dokumentieren.
Immediate Effects of Bilateral Neuromuscular Taping on Upper
Trapezius Muscle in Patients with Chronic Mechanical Neck Pain: A Randomized
Clinical Trial
Authors: Sanchez-Jorge Sandra , Pascual-Vaca Angel Oliva , Rodriguez-Lopez Elena Sonsoles , Valera-Calero Juan Antonio
Published: June 2020

Background Researchers investigated the effects of neuromuscular taping
on different musculoskeletal conditions. Considering the demonstrated short-term
effectiveness of neuromuscular taping for the management of shoulder pain,
kinesiotaping may also be beneficial in reducing pain in patients with chronic
mechanical neck pain.

Objective To determine the immediate effects of neuromuscular taping on
head position, neck pain and cervical range of motion in individuals with neck
pain.

Methods Sixty subjects with chronic neck pain were randomly assigned to 1
of 2 groups: the experimental group received neuromuscular taping on upper
trapezius bilaterally (with tension) and the placebo group received a sham
neuromuscular taping application (without tension). Visual analogue scale (VAS),
craniocervical angle and cervical range of motion data were collected at
baseline and immediately after the neuromuscular taping application.

Results The group-by-time interaction for t-test was statistically
significant for pain recorded by visual analogue scale (p< 0.001).
Patients in the experimental group obtained a similar improvement in pain to
those in the control group (p< 0.001).

Conclusions Patients with mechanical neck pain who received and
application of neuromuscular taping with proper tension or sham neuromuscular
taping exhibited similar reductions in neck pain intensity, but not in cervical
range of motion.
Decarboxylative Formylation of Aryl Halides with Glyoxylic Acid by Palladium Catalysis under Oxygen
Authors: Xu Sheng , Cao Hualiang , Pu Weiwen , Zhang Jie , Yan Peijun , Zhang Jun
Published: June 2020

A new free radical/palladium cooperative catalyzed formylation of aryl halides with glyoxylic acid as the formyl source under oxygen conditions has been developed. Various aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes were produced in medium to good yields.
Alkene Vicinal Difluorination: From Fluorine Gas to More Favoured Conditions
Authors: Lennox Alastair J. J. , Doobary Sayad
Published: June 2020

Vicinal difluorinated alkanes are entities relevant to medicinal chemistry that are accessed through the difluorination of alkenes. This reaction has advanced from the use of highly reactive and unsafe reagents, which provide poor functional-group tolerance and selectivity, to the use of safer and more selective reagents that facilitate access to a broader scope of substrates. In this review article, we describe the details of these developments.

1 Introduction

2 Strategy 1: Ambiphilic Fluorine Sources

3 Strategy 2: Oxidant and Fluoride

4 Conclusions and Outlook