bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pesquisa qualitativa na produção científica do campo da bioética
Authors: Ribeiro Carlos Dimas Martins , Maksud Ivia , Claro Lenita Barreto Lorena , Un Julio Wong
Published: July 2014

Este artigo objetiva discutir o caráter e a utilização dos métodos de pesquisa qualitativa no campo da bioética. Realizou-se revisão sistemática de artigos publicados em países da América Latina, selecionados a partir da base Scielo, com especial ênfase para aqueles que empregaram metodologia qualitativa de pesquisa. O conjunto dos artigos revela um campo da bioética conformado a partir de três vetores de distinção. O primeiro refere-se à dupla caracterização da bioética que pode ser definida como um movimento social ou como uma disciplina; o segundo opera diferenciando a bioética de outros campos da ética, em particular com a profissional de base predominantemente deontológica; o terceiro está relacionado às abordagens éticas adotadas nas análises empreendidas nas pesquisas. Parte pouco expressiva desses textos resulta de pesquisas qualitativas e podem ser divididos em quatro eixos de acordo com seus temas e orientações: bioética como campo e/ou discurso; formação em saúde; ética, assistência e prática clínica; formulação de política de saúde. Esta produção revela, por um lado, uma tímida aproximação de pesquisadores das Ciências Sociais ao campo da bioética e, por outro, pouca utilização/apropriação de metodologias qualitativas, e, ainda, em alguns casos, certa imprecisão quanto ao uso de métodos.
A Atenção Primária à Saúde e seus atributos: a situação das crianças menores de dois anos segundo suas cuidadoras
Authors: Mesquita Filho Marcos , Luz Bruna Suellen Raimundo , Araújo Cristina Sousa
Published: July 2014

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os atributos da atenção primária à saúde (APS) para crianças e conhecer fatores associados. Foi feito um estudo transversal, observacional e analítico. Os dados foram coletados a partir de entrevistas com cuidadoras de crianças, cadastradas nos serviços de APS, por intermédio de um protocolo sociodemográfico e de saúde, um instrumento de classificação econômica e do questionário PCATOOL infantil versão brasileira. Foram desenvolvidos modelos de regressão de Poisson para busca de associações. Apenas o atributo Longitudinalidade foi bem avaliado. Todos os demais apresentaram escores médios considerados baixos. Mais de 80,0% dos entrevistados avaliaram com baixos valores os escores especial e geral de APS. Crianças que não tinham irmãos, do sexo feminino, com classificação socioeconômica A ou B e que tinham cuidadores masculinos e sem companheiro se associaram significativamente à atribuição de baixos escores. A APS foi mal avaliada.
Peso ao nascer e fatores associados ao período pré-natal: um estudo transversal em hospital maternidade de referência
Authors: Capelli Jane de Carlos Santana , Pontes Juliana Silva , Pereira Silvia Eliza Almeida , Silva Alexandra Anastácio Monteiro , Carmo Cleber Nascimento do , Boccolini Cristiano Siqueira , Almeida Maria Fernanda Larcher de
Published: July 2014

O presente estudo analisou fatores relacionados ao peso ao nascer em um hospital maternidade do município do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de estudo seccional, descritivo, conduzido no Hospital Maternidade Herculano Pinheiro (HMHP), Rio de Janeiro, entre dezembro de 2008 e fevereiro de 2009, com puérperas entre 20 e 34 anos. Foram aplicados os testes de Qui-quadrado, t de student e modelo de regressão logística. Dos recém-nascidos, 14,6% tinham baixo peso ao nascer (inferior à 2500g). Encontrou-se correlação negativa entre o peso ao nascer e o hábito de fumar da mãe. As variáveis peso pré-gestacional, índice de massa corporal pré-gestacional materno e número de consultas no pré-natal apresentaram associação positiva com o peso ao nascer. A análise múltipla indicou a idade materna como fator de risco para o baixo peso ao nascer. Conclui-se que a situação sobre o estado civil, onde este se apresentou como uma variável importante, assim como o número de consultas pré-natal que na análise do grupo não apresentou significado estatístico, merece maior investigação com outros estudos.
Deep Pile Foundation Settlement Prediction Using Neurofuzzy Networks
Authors: Aziz Hussein Y.
Published: July 2014

A NeuroFuzzy System (NFS) is one of the most commonly used systems in the real life problems because it has explicit and transparency which results from the fuzzy systems, with the learning and generalization capabilities from the dynamic behavior of the neural networks. It is one of the most successful systems, which introduced to decrement the fuzzy rules that constituting the underlying model. This system has a high efficiency; it gives good results in high speed. The NFS used in this study to predict the settlement of deep pile foundations. The results obtained from this system give good agreement and high precious for prediction of settlement compared with hyperbolic model and statistical regression analysis. Also, this scenario can be applied for similar or more complicated problems in the geotechnical engineering.
Comparison of Patterns of Genetic Variation and Demographic History
in the Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus): Relevance for
Conservation
Authors: Zink Robert M.
Published: July 2014

The greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) was once widespread in western North America but its
range has contracted by an uncertain degree owing to anthropogenic and natural causes. Concern over population declines
has led to its proposed listing as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Detailed genetic and demographic
analyses of this species throughout its range are available but heretofore have not been compared. Reduced genetic variability
is often taken as a proxy for declining populations, but rarely are there quantitative population estimates with
which to compare. I compared published mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences, microsatellite allele
frequencies at seven loci, and estimates of numbers of males per lek, number of active leks, percent decline in the best
population models, and the probability (P) of Ne < 50 in 30 years and P(Ne < 500) in 100 years, at two spatial scales, 45
local population samples and 16 larger aggregates of samples. When excluding the populations from the Columbia Basin,
which show little genetic diversity and are statistical outliers, there were no consistent relationships between estimates of
genetic variation and demographic trends across the remainder of the range at either spatial scale. A measure of inbreeding
derived from microsatellite data was also not related to population trends. Thus, despite habitat reduction and range
fragmentation, the greater sage-grouse does not exhibit expected genetic signatures of declining populations. Possibly, the
mtDNA and microsatellite data are insufficiently sensitive to detect population declines that have occurred over the span
of a half century. Alternatively, only when populations are reduced to the levels seen in the Columbia Basin will genetic
effects be seen, suggesting that the bulk of the range of the greater sage-grouse is not currently in genetic peril.
An efficient and highly selective ortho-tert-butylation of p-cresol with methyl tert-butyl ether catalyzed by sulfonated ionic liquids
Authors: Alamdari Reza , Zamani Faezeh , Zekri Negar
Published: July 2014

A novel series of sulfonic acid-functionalized ionic liquids (SFILs) was
found to act as efficient catalysts for ortho-tert-butylation of p-cresol
with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) as the tert-butylating agent without an
added solvent. The mono o-tert-butylated product was obtained in up to 80.4%
isolated yield and 95.2% selectivity under such green conditions. No
O-tert-butylated byproducts were formed.
Higher propene yield by tailoring operating conditions of propane oxidative dehydrogenation over V2O5/γ-Al2O3
Authors: Zaynali Yousef , Alavi Seyed
Published: July 2014

Supported vanadia catalyst was successfully synthesized using wet
impregnation of ?-Alumina to study Propane Oxidative Dehydrogenation (POD).
The prepared catalysts were characterized with XRD, BET, and TPR tests. In a
broad temperature range (340 to 630?C), effects of vanadia loading (2.7,
5.4, and 9 wt%) and propane to oxygen ratio (3/1 to 1/3) were thoroughly
investigated on propane conversion as well as propene yield at atmospheric
pressure. Results indicate that by increasing the vanadia content the
activity of catalyst increases while selectivity to propene decreases
monotonically. As the temperature increases from 340?C to 630?C, yield to
propene shows ascending behavior in case of all catalyst samples. Yield to
propene shows a climax with changing propane to oxygen ratio from 3/1 to
1/3. The yield increases with increase in oxygen partial pressure of feed
until equimolar ratio of propane and oxygen, then it declines with further
increase of oxygen partial pressure. A maximum propene yield of 17% was
experienced on catalyst with 2.7wt% vanadia at temperatures at 550?C.
IHG-1 Increases Mitochondrial Fusion and Bioenergetic Function
Authors: Hickey Fionnuala B. , Corcoran James B. , Griffin Brenda , Bhreathnach Una , Mortiboys Heather , Reid Helen M. , Andrews Darrell , Byrne Shane , Furlong Fiona , Martin Finian , Godson Catherine , Murphy Madeline
Published: July 2014

Induced in high glucose-1 (IHG-1) is a conserved mitochondrial protein associated with diabetic nephropathy (DN) that amplifies profibrotic transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 signaling and increases mitochondrial biogenesis. Here we report that inhibition of endogenous IHG-1 expression results in reduced mitochondrial respiratory capacity, ATP production, and mitochondrial fusion. Conversely, overexpression of IHG-1 leads to increased mitochondrial fusion and also protects cells from reactive oxygen species–induced apoptosis. IHG-1 forms complexes with known mediators of mitochondrial fusion—mitofusins (Mfns) 1 and 2—and enhances the GTP-binding capacity of Mfn2, suggesting that IHG-1 acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor. IHG-1 must be localized to mitochondria to interact with Mfn1 and Mfn2, and this interaction is necessary for increased IHG-1–mediated mitochondrial fusion. Together, these findings indicate that IHG-1 is a novel regulator of both mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetic function and contributes to cell survival following oxidant stress. We propose that in diabetic kidney disease increased IHG-1 expression protects cell viability and enhances the actions of TGF-β, leading to renal proximal tubule dedifferentiation, an important event in the pathogenesis of this devastating condition.
Improving Type 2 Diabetes Through a Distinct Adrenergic Signaling Pathway Involving mTORC2 That Mediates Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Sato Masaaki , Dehvari Nodi , Öberg Anette I. , Dallner Olof S. , Sandström Anna L. , Olsen Jessica M. , Csikasz Robert I. , Summers Roger J. , Hutchinson Dana S. , Bengtsson Tore
Published: July 2014

There is an increasing worldwide epidemic of type 2 diabetes that poses major health problems. We have identified a novel physiological system that increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscle but not in white adipocytes. Activation of this system improves glucose tolerance in Goto-Kakizaki rats or mice fed a high-fat diet, which are established models for type 2 diabetes. The pathway involves activation of β2-adrenoceptors that increase cAMP levels and activate cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which phosphorylates mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) at S2481. The active mTORC2 causes translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane and glucose uptake without the involvement of Akt or AS160. Stimulation of glucose uptake into skeletal muscle after activation of the sympathetic nervous system is likely to be of high physiological relevance because mTORC2 activation was observed at the cellular, tissue, and whole-animal level in rodent and human systems. This signaling pathway provides new opportunities for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Insulin Reverses the High-Fat Diet–Induced Increase in Brain Aβ and Improves Memory in an Animal Model of Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Vandal Milene , White Phillip J. , Tremblay Cyntia , St-Amour Isabelle , Chevrier Geneviève , Emond Vincent , Lefrançois Dominique , Virgili Jessica , Planel Emmanuel , Giguere Yves , Marette Andre , Calon Frederic
Published: July 2014

Defects in insulin production and signaling are suspected to share a key role in diabetes and Alzheimer disease (AD), two age-related pathologies. In this study, we investigated the interrelation between AD and diabetes using a high-fat diet (HFD) in a mouse model of genetically induced AD-like neuropathology (3xTg-AD). We first observed that cerebral expression of human AD transgenes led to peripheral glucose intolerance, associated with pancreatic human Aβ accumulation. High-fat diet enhanced glucose intolerance, brain soluble Aβ, and memory impairment in 3xTg-AD mice. Strikingly, a single insulin injection reversed the deleterious effects of HFD on memory and soluble Aβ levels, partly through changes in Aβ production and/or clearance. Our results are consistent with the development of a vicious cycle between AD and diabetes, potentiating both peripheral metabolic disorders and AD neuropathology. The capacity of insulin to rapidly break the deleterious effects of this cycle on soluble Aβ concentrations and memory has important therapeutic implications.
The climatic wind energy potential — present and future: GIS-analysis in the region of Freiburg im Breisgau based on observed data and Regional Climate Models
Authors: Richert Clemens , Matzarakis Andreas
Published: July 2014

The current and future wind energy potentials for two square areas (SA) in the region of Freiburg were assessed and analyzed, with the aim of mitigating climate change by increasing the use of wind energy. For future conditions the regional climate models REMO and CLM were taken into account for the IPCC Emission Scenarios (SRES) A1B and B1. One aim was to provide information of the applicability of data from regional climate models in terms of wind energy. As a reference dataset, the wind energy potentials of the two measurement stations of the German Weather Service (DWD) (1961–1990) in Freiburg (SA I) and on the Feldberg (SA II) were assessed. Calculations were carried out by the Wind Analysis and Application Program (WAsP). Results were in terms of visual analysis displayed with maps.

While the annual electricity performances of the reference data in SA I and SA II reach up to 7.2 GWh and 10.1 GWh respectively, the calculations for REMO and CLM show an underestimation of the real conditions for every period and Emission Scenario. Hence the applicability of the models in consideration seems to be limited. Nevertheless, with regard to different socio-economic developments (SRES A1B and B1), the results provide an overview of the wind energy potentials’ development in the different periods.
The Puzzling Effects of Delaying Schooling on Canadian Wages
Authors: Ferrer Ana M. , Menendez Alicia
Published: July 2014

We compare the returns on education for graduates of postsecondary institutions who delayed their tertiary education for some time and those who proceeded with no delays. Using a unique survey that collects information on a representative cohort of graduates, we are able to estimate the effects of delaying school among successful graduates abstracting from specific macroeconomic conditions at the time of graduation. We show that graduates who delayed their education enjoy a premium relative to graduates who completed their education with no interruptions even after considering other factors such as experience or labour market connections. These estimates are robust to the possibility of selection in the decision to delay school. The results unveil a puzzle about the returns on education that calls for further research to investigate the effect of delay on earnings.
The Ties That Bind? Exploring the Dynamics of Intermunicipal Agreement Formation between Separated Cities and Counties
Authors: Spicer Zachary
Published: July 2014

City-county separation was the original method of organizing municipalities in the province of Ontario. When an urban area of a county became classified as a city, it would be politically separated. The province has moved toward regional structures that link urban and rural since the 1950s, but we still know very little about the 18 cities and towns that remain separated from their counties. This article examines the principal method of compensating for institutional gaps between municipalities: the creation of intermunicipal agreements. Overall, it is found that separated cities and counties are scarcely using intermunicipal agreements to ensure service and policy continuity. It is argued that this is principally due to provincial interference.
Proximal Remote Sensing Buggies and Potential Applications for Field-Based Phenotyping
Authors: Deery David , Jimenez-Berni Jose , Jones Hamlyn , Sirault Xavier , Furbank Robert
Published: July 2014

The achievements made in genomic technology in recent decades are yet to be matched by fast and accurate crop phenotyping methods. Such crop phenotyping methods are required for crop improvement efforts to meet expected demand for food and fibre in the future. This review evaluates the role of proximal remote sensing buggies for field-based phenotyping with a particular focus on the application of currently available sensor technology for large-scale field phenotyping. To illustrate the potential for the development of high throughput phenotyping techniques, a case study is presented with sample data sets obtained from a ground-based proximal remote sensing buggy mounted with the following sensors: LiDAR, RGB camera, thermal infra-red camera and imaging spectroradiometer. The development of such techniques for routine deployment in commercial-scale breeding and pre-breeding operations will require a multidisciplinary approach to leverage the recent technological advances realised in computer science, image analysis, proximal remote sensing and robotics.
MicroRNAs Control Macrophage Formation and Activation: The Inflammatory Link between Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Chang Richard , Ying Wei , Bazer Fuller , Zhou Beiyan
Published: July 2014

Activation and recruitment of resident macrophages in tissues in response to physiological stress are crucial regulatory processes in promoting the development of obesity-associated metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have provided compelling evidence that microRNAs play important roles in modulating monocyte formation, macrophage maturation, infiltration into tissues and activation. Macrophage-dependent systemic physiological and tissue-specific responses also involve cell-cell interactions between macrophages and host tissue niche cell components, including other tissue-resident immune cell lineages, adipocytes, vascular smooth muscle and others. In this review, we highlight the roles of microRNAs in regulating the development and function of macrophages in the context of obesity, which could provide insights into the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases.
Burial Diagenesis of Magnetic Minerals: New Insights from the Grès d’Annot Transect (SE France)
Authors: Kars Myriam , Aubourg Charles , Labaume Pierre , Berquó Thelma , Cavailhes Thibault
Published: July 2014

The diagenetic evolution of the magnetic minerals during burial in sedimentary basins has been recently proposed. In this study, we provide new data from the Grès d’Annot basin, SE France. We analyze fine-grained clastic rocks that suffered a burial temperature from ~60 to >250 °C, i.e., covering oil and gas windows. Low temperature magnetic measurements (10–300 K), coupled with vitrinite reflectance data, aim at defining the magnetic mineral evolution through the burial history. Magnetite is documented throughout the entire studied transect. Goethite, probably occurring as nanoparticles, is found for a burial temperature <80 °C. Micron-sized pyrrhotite is highlighted for a burial temperature >200 °C below the Alpine nappes and the Penninic Front. A model of the evolution of the magnetic assemblage from 60 to >250 °C is proposed for clastic rocks, containing iron sulfides (pyrite) and organic matter. This work provides the grounds for a better understanding of the magnetic properties of petroleum plays.
Plumbagin Modulates Leukemia Cell Redox Status
Authors: Gaascht François , Teiten Marie-Hélène , Cerella Claudia , Dicato Mario , Bagrel Denyse , Diederich Marc
Published: July 2014

Plumbagin is a plant naphtoquinone exerting anti-cancer properties including apoptotic cell death induction and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study was to elucidate parameters explaining the differential leukemia cell sensitivity towards this compound. Among several leukemia cell lines, U937 monocytic leukemia cells appeared more sensitive to plumbagin treatment in terms of cytotoxicity and level of apoptotic cell death compared to more resistant Raji Burkitt lymphoma cells. Moreover, U937 cells exhibited a ten-fold higher ROS production compared to Raji. Neither differential incorporation, nor efflux of plumbagin was detected. Pre-treatment with thiol-containing antioxidants prevented ROS production and subsequent induction of cell death by apoptosis whereas non-thiol-containing antioxidants remained ineffective in both cellular models. We conclude that the anticancer potential of plumbagin is driven by pro-oxidant activities related to the cellular thiolstat.
Polyphenolic Content, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Lycium barbarum L. and Lycium chinense Mill. Leaves
Authors: Mocan Andrei , Vlase Laurian , Vodnar Dan , Bischin Cristina , Hanganu Daniela , Gheldiu Ana-Maria , Oprean Radu , Silaghi-Dumitrescu Radu , Crișan Gianina
Published: July 2014

This study was performed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and the polyphenolic content of Lycium barbarum L. and L. chinense Mill. leaves. The different leave extracts contain important amounts of flavonoids (43.73 ± 1.43 and 61.65 ± 0.95 mg/g, respectively) and showed relevant antioxidant activity, as witnessed by the quoted methods. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of target phenolic compounds were achieved using a HPLC-UV-MS method. Rutin was the dominant flavonoid in both analysed species, the highest amount being registered for L. chinense. An important amount of chlorogenic acid was determined in L. chinense and L. barbarum extracts, being more than twice as high in L. chinense than in L. barbarum. Gentisic and caffeic acids were identified only in L. barbarum, whereas kaempferol was only detected in L. chinense. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, TEAC, hemoglobin ascorbate peroxidase activity inhibition (HAPX) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation catalyzed by cytochrome c assays revealing a better antioxidant activity for the L. chinense extract. Results obtained in the antimicrobial tests revealed that L. chinense extract was more active than L. barbarum against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The results suggest that these species are valuable sources of flavonoids with relevant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
Lipid Monolayers with Adsorbed Oppositely Charged Polyelectrolytes: Influence of Reduced Charge Densities
Authors: Ortmann Thomas , Ahrens Heiko , Milewski Sven , Lawrenz Frank , Gröning Andreas , Laschewsky André , Garnier Sebastien , Helm Christiane
Published: July 2014

Polyelectrolytes in dilute solutions (0.01 mmol/L) adsorb in a two-dimensional lamellar phase to oppositely charged lipid monolayers at the air/water interface. The interchain separation is monitored by Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction. On monolayer compression, the interchain separation decreases to a factor of two. To investigate the influence of the electrostatic interaction, either the line charge density of the polymer is reduced (a statistic copolymer with 90% and 50% charged monomers) or mixtures between charged and uncharged lipids are used (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)/ dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB)) On decrease of the surface charge density, the interchain separation increases, while on decrease of the linear charge density, the interchain separation decreases. The ratio between charged monomers and charged lipid molecules is fairly constant; it decreases up to 30% when the lipids are in the fluid phase. With decreasing surface charge or linear charge density, the correlation length of the lamellar order decreases.
Clustering-Based Ensemble Learning for Activity Recognition in Smart Homes
Authors: Jurek Anna , Nugent Chris , Bi Yaxin , Wu Shengli
Published: July 2014

Application of sensor-based technology within activity monitoring systems is becoming a popular technique within the smart environment paradigm. Nevertheless, the use of such an approach generates complex constructs of data, which subsequently requires the use of intricate activity recognition techniques to automatically infer the underlying activity. This paper explores a cluster-based ensemble method as a new solution for the purposes of activity recognition within smart environments. With this approach activities are modelled as collections of clusters built on different subsets of features. A classification process is performed by assigning a new instance to its closest cluster from each collection. Two different sensor data representations have been investigated, namely numeric and binary. Following the evaluation of the proposed methodology it has been demonstrated that the cluster-based ensemble method can be successfully applied as a viable option for activity recognition. Results following exposure to data collected from a range of activities indicated that the ensemble method had the ability to perform with accuracies of 94.2% and 97.5% for numeric and binary data, respectively. These results outperformed a range of single classifiers considered as benchmarks.
Subthreshold High-Frequency Electrical Field Stimulation Induces VEGF Expression in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Rackauskas Gediminas , Saygili Erol , Rana Obaida R. , Saygili Esra , Gemein Christopher , Laucevicius Aleksandras , Aidietis Audrius , Marinskis Germanas , Serpytis Pranas , Plisiene Jurgita , Pauza Dainius H. , Schauerte Patrick
Published: July 2014

Subthreshold electrical stimulation (SES) has been shown to induce an improvement of angiogenesis in ischemic and nonischemic skeletal muscles, mediated by increased VEGF expression. VEGF plays a key role in physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Cardiomyocytes possess the ability to synthesize and secrete VEGF. Thus, we thought to investigate the effect of SES on VEGF regulation in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs), in the aim to reveal new techniques for therapeutic angiogenesis in ischemic heart disease. Cell cultures of NRVMs were electrically stimulated with field strengths below the myocyte depolarization threshold (0.5 V/cm with 1 ms bipolar impulse duration). Frequencies ranging from 5 Hz up to 25, 50, and 99 Hz were applied over a period of 48 h. The expression of VEGF and its receptor KDR was determined with Western blot and ELISA. To reveal the biological activity of the secreted VEGF amount, cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) were treated with the cell culture supernatant of NRVMs exposed to SES. A dominant effect of SES was observed at 25 Hz. Within this particular frequency the VEGF protein amount in the cytoplasm as well as in the cell culture supernatant increased significantly. In parallel, the protein expression of the KDR receptor decreased in a significant manner. Moreover, cell culture supernatant of NRVMs exposed to SES augmented the growth of HCAECs. Cardiomyocytes respond to SES with an increase in biologically active VEGF expression that promotes cell proliferation of HCAECs. This mechanism may provide new approaches to develop therapeutic angiogenesis in the ischemic heart.
GAP ACCEPTANCE FOR LEFT TURNS FROM THE MAJOR ROAD AT UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS
Authors: Zhou Hongmei , Ivan John N. , Gårder Per E. , Ravishanker Nalini
Published: July 2014

This paper attempts to identify factors that may influence the gap acceptance behavior of drivers who turn left from the major road at unsignalized intersections. Drivers’ accepted and rejected gaps as well as their age and gender were collected at six unsignalized intersections with both two and four lanes on the major road, with and without the presence of a Left-Turn Lane (LTL), and with both high and low Speed Limits (SLs). Whether or not a driver accepts a given gap was considered as a binary decision and correlated logit models were used to estimate the probability of accepting a gap. Models with different factors were tested and the best model was selected by the quasi-likelihood information criterion. The gap duration, the number of rejected gaps, the mean and total time interval of the rejected gaps and the gender of the driver were all significant in explaining the variation of the gap acceptance probability, whereas the number of lanes of the major road, the presence of LTL, the SL and the driver’s age category were not. Gap acceptance probability functions were determined based on the best model, including both the factors of the number of rejected gaps and the mean time interval of the rejected gaps. As the values of these two factors increase, the probability of accepting a given gap rises up. The developed model can be further applied in practice to improve the analysis of traffic operations and capacity at unsignalized intersections.
Variations spatiales des structures de ménage en Allemagne au xix e siècle
Authors: Szołtysek Mikołaj , Gruber Siegfried , Klüsener Sebastian , Goldstein Joshua R.
Published: July 2014

Résumé L’Allemagne du xix e  siècle est un laboratoire particulièrement intéressant pour l’étude des différences démographiques entre régions, et pourtant les structures de la famille à cette époque dans cette partie de l’Europe restent peu explorées. Cet article analyse la variabilité des situations domestiques avec une mesure agrégée de la complexité des ménages fondée sur les statistiques publiées du recensement allemand de 1885. Des méthodes descriptives et des techniques de modélisation spatiale permettent d’examiner les hypothèses existantes sur les déterminants de la complexité des ménages. Les variations régionales de la structure des ménages sont-elles associées aux variations concernant l’emploi agricole, les pratiques d’héritage, l’appartenance ethnique et d’autres caractéristiques socio-économiques ? Les régions où la complexité des ménages était faible se concentrent dans le sud-ouest et le sud de l’Allemagne, et celles où la complexité était forte dans le nord et le nord-est. Quant aux différences macro-régionales socio-économiques et culturelles, dont on sait qu’elles existaient en Allemagne à la fin du xix e  siècle et qu’on pensait décisives, elles ne s’avèrent que faiblement associées aux schémas spatiaux de complexité des ménages. Ces résultats sont cohérents avec l’hypothèse de Ruggles (2009), selon laquelle les variations spatiales des structures de ménage sont essentiellement liées au degré d’emploi dans l’agriculture et aux caractéristiques démographiques.
Design of a Triple Helix Strategy for Developing Nations Based on E-Government and Entrepreneurship
Authors: Alvarez José Manuel Saiz , Crespo Rubén González
Published: July 2014

The arrival of Rafael Correa in Ecuador is leading to a structural transformation of the Ecuadorian economy and society with the arrival of e-Government and the introduction of the digital economy in the country. The objective of this chapter is to design a strategy based on entrepreneurship, e-Government, and higher education for creating a digital society in Ecuador (the triple helix strategy). To achieve it, the authors analyse the Ecuadorian's National Plan for Good Living 2013-2017 linked to higher education reforms and the influence of the European-based e-Government policies in Ecuador. The authors finish with some perspectives and the foreseeable impact of a digital society in this developing nation.
The Role of E-Health in Developing Nations
Authors: O'Hanlon Shane
Published: July 2014

Many developing nations have begun to introduce elements of e-Health to improve service provision. This chapter provides an account of work in the area including case studies where pioneers have utilised modern mobile technologies to quickly and efficiently introduce new mHealth interventions, despite being resource-limited and having a heavy disease burden. Telemedicine has become well established, linking these nations with specialists in centres of excellence. Obstacles such as cost, inadequate infrastructure, data security, and the lack of a trained health informatics workforce need to be resolved. Several innovative solutions have been put forward: satellite broadband access for the most remote areas, international sponsorship initiatives, use of open source software, and exchange programmes for staff education. There is strong support from the World Health Organization and other international bodies, as development of the eHealth agenda has the potential to help ease access barriers and improve provision of healthcare in developing countries. This is explored in this chapter.
ICT
Authors: Archmann Sylvia , Guiffart Astrid
Published: July 2014

This analyzes how Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) can be used by governments to involve all citizens in society life through increased access to education, employment, public services, as well as participating in decision-making. Given the risks of deeper social exclusion associated with the lack of digital competences or capabilities, targeted measures to encourage ICT engagement may strategically be implemented to provide equal opportunities. Furthermore, digital technologies open up new communication channels that governments can use to deliver valuable citizen-oriented public services and foster social and political involvement. In order to reach inclusiveness and participation objectives, technology is obviously not enough. Some commitment to openness and transparency, as well as an effective assessment of policy outcomes range among the pillars of a successful approach to digital governance.
Democratic Potentials of UN Climate Change Conference Host Government Websites
Authors: Candano Catherine
Published: July 2014

E-government discourse implicates state-produced Websites to enable opportunities and citizen spaces on policy issues, subject to demands to be inclusive, engaging, and free from commercial interests. Policy-making for a global issue like climate change takes place at the inter-governmental United Nations Climate Change Conference (UNCCC). It becomes critical to examine if and how the governments hosting this restrictive global policy-making space may engage citizens through their online presence—host country conference outreach Websites. The chapter explores relational underpinnings between states and citizens in such Websites by examining the values privileged by designers using mixed methods. Among UNCCC Websites from 2007 to 2009, the Danish government Website's enhanced features may have contributed to potential inclusivity for the inter-governmental process online compared to previous government's efforts. However, findings have shown such interactive Website's inherent design aspects may potentially shape the manner that climate conversations are limited in an assumed democratized space online.
A High Capacity Reversible Data Hiding Scheme Based on Multi-Level Integer DWT and Histogram Modification
Authors: Zhang Shun , Gao Tie-gang , Yang Fu-sheng
Published: July 2014

A reversible data hiding scheme based on integer DWT and histogram modification is proposed. In the scheme, the cover media is firstly transformed by Integer DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transformation); then information is embedded through the modification of histograms of the middle and high frequency sub-bands of the DWT coefficients. In order to increase the embedding capacity, a multi-level scheme is proposed, which achieved both high embedding capacity and reversibility. Extensive experimental results have shown that the proposed scheme achieves both higher embedding capacity and lower distortion than spatial domain histogram modification based schemes; and it achieved better performance than integer DCT (Discrete Cosine Transformation) based histogram modification scheme.
An Association Rules Based Approach to Predict Semantic Land Use Evolution in the French City of Saint-Denis
Authors: Gharbi Asma , de Runz Cyril , Faiz Sami , Akdag Herman
Published: July 2014

This paper proposes a predictive approach of semantic land use changes based on data mining techniques, specifically association rules (AR). Its main idea is centered around studying the past to predict the future. In other words, applying association rules technique to discover rules governing the city's past land use changes, then use them to forecast future changes. Taking La Plaine Zone in the city of Saint-Denis as a study case, the authors applied the proposed approach, in the framework of a developed Qgis plugin (Predict). The results are then highlighted in a cartographic format. To assess the quality of semantic land use changes prediction using our predictive approach, the authors proposed the Prediction precision degree (P) as an evaluation metric. A resulting value of 66% is considered promising since in this case, the authors only relay on history of land use changes for the prediction process, while considering some other evolution factors could remarkably enhance the results.
The Influence of Clickers Use on Metacognition and Learning Outcomes in College English Classroom
Authors: Zhonggen Yu , Liu Chang
Published: July 2014

Use of Clickers in classroom teaching and learning has become growingly popular in USA. This study aims to identify whether use of Clickers in college English class can improve learners' English proficiency and enhance students' awareness of metacognition compared with traditional multimedia aided pedagogy in Malaysian contexts. By comparing the data obtained from three questionnaires and an IELTS test instructed via Clickers and traditional multimedia at the end of corresponding semesters, it is found that Clickers pedagogy can give rise to better learning outcomes and higher metacognitive levels than traditional multimedia. Limitations of this study are also discussed, coupled with recommendations for future research.
Realistic versus Schematic Interactive Visualizations for Learning Surveying Practices
Authors: Dib Hazar , Adamo-Villani Nicoletta , Garver Stephen
Published: July 2014

Many benefits have been claimed for visualizations, a general assumption being that learning is facilitated. However, several researchers argue that little is known about the cognitive value of graphical representations, be they schematic visualizations, such as diagrams or more realistic, such as virtual reality. The study reported in the paper investigated whether the type of visualization (schematic versus realistic) has an effect on undergraduate students' learning of surveying practices (specifically, ‘chaining'). The study compared two interactive virtual learning environments, one containing realistic visualizations of terrains and instruments, and one containing schematic graphical representations. Results of an experiment with 62 students show that there were not significant differences in learning between students who were exposed and interacted with the realistic visualizations versus those who interacted with the schematic ones.
Giant isolated renal cyst hydatid: From diagnosis to treatment
Authors: Adanur Senol , Koç Erdem , Ziypak Tevfik , Yapanoglu Turgut , Polat Ozkan
Published: July 2014

Hydatid cyst disease is a parasitic infestation caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Renal involvement is rarely seen as 2-4% of all cases. Rarely renal involvement is isolated whereas commonly it accompanies involvement of other organs. We aimed to present a 30-year-old male patient with renal involvement reaching a giant size and undiagnosed in another center.
Post-renal acute renal failure due to a huge bladder stone
Authors: Celik Orcun , Suelozgen Tufan , Budak Salih , Ilbey Yusuf Ozlem
Published: July 2014

A 63-year old male was referred to our emergency unit due to acute renal failure. The level of serum renal function tests levels, blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine, were 63 mmol/L/848 μmol/L. CT (Computarised Tomography) scan showed a huge bladder stone (5 cm x 6 cm x 5 cm) with increased bladder wall thickness. Post-renal acute renal failure due to bilateral ureterohydronephrosis was diagnosed. The huge bladder stone was considered to be the cause of ureterohydronephrosis and renal failure. The patient was catheterised and received haemodialysis immediately. He received haemodialysis four times during ten days of hospitalization and the level of serum renal function tests levels (BUN/ creatinine) decreased 18 mmol/L/123 μmol/L. After improvement of renal function, we performed cystoscopy that demonstrated normal prostatic urethra and bladder neck and bilaterally normal ureteral orifices. Bladder wall was roughly trabeculated and Bladder outlet was completely obstructed by a huge bladder stone. After cystoscopy open, cystolithotomy was performed to remove calcium phosphate and magnesium ammonium phosphate stone weighing 200 g removed. Four days after operation the patient was discharged uneventfully and urethral catheter was removed on the seventh day. Post-renal acute renal failure due to large bladder stones is rare in literature. According to the our knowledge; early diagnosis of the stone avoid growth to large size and prevent renal failure.
Mixed primary prostatic carcinoma with acinar, neuroendocrine and ductal components
Authors: Romero-Rojas Alfredo E. , Diaz-Perez Julio A. , Reddy Abhinay
Published: July 2014

Mixed tumors in the prostate gland have been described; they are primarily originate in the gland or are the product of metastatic compromise. Mixed primary epithelial carcinomas of the prostate are very rare; here we report the case of a 72-years-old man with histopathologic findings of a primary prostate mixed carcinoma, showing characteristics of acinar, ductal and neuroendocrine adenocarcinoma. We also discuss the clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of these uncommon mixed neoplasms.
Comparison of the urethrovesical anastomoses with polyglecaprone (Monocryl®) and bidirectional barbed (V-Loc 180®) running sutures in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy
Authors: Arslan Murat , Tuncel Altug , Aslan Yilmaz , Kozacioglu Zafer , Gunlusoy Bulent , Atan Ali
Published: July 2014

Objective: We compared polyglecaprone (Monocryl®) and bidirectional barbed (V-Loc® 180) running sutures during urethrovesial anastomosis (UVA) in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP). Materials and methods: A total of 92 consecutive patients underwent extraperitoneal LRP for prostate cancer. In the first 47 patients, the running UVA was performed using 3-0 monofilament polyglecaprone (Monocryl®) suture (Group 1). In the subsequent 45 patients, the running UVA was performed with the 3-0 barbed suture (V-Loc® 180) (Group 2). Rhabdosphincter reconstruction was performed in all the patients. Results: The mean prostatectomy time was 196 and 179 minutes in Group 1 and 2, respectively (p < 0.001). Moreover, the mean UVA time was 40 and 24 minutes in Group 1 and 2, respectively (p < 0.001). Also, catheterization time, lenght of hospital stay and the number of the patients with urine leakage were significantly lower in Group 2 than the other (p < 0.001). No patients in V-Loc® 180 suture group and 5 patients in Monocryl® suture group experienced postoperative drain leakage in the present study. Overall pad usage at 6th month was higher in group 1 than the other group. In group 1 and 2, 78.7% and 93.3% of the patients reported 0 to 1 pads daily, whereas 21.3% and 6.7% reported ≥ 2 pads daily (p = 0.002). Conclusions: We therefore consider that use of barbed suture running UVA during LRP is associated with a significantly shorter operative time maintaining a proper suturing tension compared with standard suture and it is not associated with a higher incidence of adverse events with no postoperative complications.
Portrayals of men and women in Drum magazine (South Africa) advertisements
Authors: Jere Mlenga
Published: July 2014

Orientation: The subject of gender portrayals in advertising continues to generate academicdiscussions in part because of its socialisation effects.Research purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine how print advertisements inDrum magazine portray women and men based on a number of categories including traitdescriptors, physical characteristics, role behaviours and occupational status.Motivation for the study: It is important to understand gender portrayals in advertisingbecause perceptions of social reality are influenced by what people are exposed to insocialisation agents such as advertisements.Research approach, design and method: A quantitative content analysis was run on a sampleof 415 advertisements drawn from Drum magazine. Partial least squares analysis was used toassess the relationships between the variables.Main findings: The findings show that gender has a statistically significant effect on profiles(roles) and sexual appeal but not on gender equity. Advertisers therefore treat modelsdifferently with regard to the roles assigned and the use of sexual appeal.Practical/managerial implications: Previous research evidence and theory indicate that thecontent of advertisements does influence readers’ self-perception and also their perceptionof others. Within the bounds of advertising creativity, it is important that advertisers payparticular attention to gender portrayals in advertising to avoid the creation or perpetuationof gender stereotypes.Contribution/value-add: Though the model’s gender influences portrayals in advertising,other contextual factors are also important determinants of portrayals.