bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Value of a web-based pediatric drug information system to prevent serious adverse drug reactions in child and adolescent psychiatry
Authors: Fekete Stefanie , Kulpok Christine , Taurines Regina , Egberts Karin , Geissler Julia , Gerlach Manfred , Malonga Makosi Dorothée , König Jochem , Urschitz Michael S. , Toni Irmgard , Neubert Antje , Romanos Marcel
Published: November 2022

Psychotropic drugs are frequently prescribed ‘off-label’ to children and adolescents and carry the risk of serious adverse drug reactions (sADR). We examined the frequency of sADRs of psychotropic drugs in pediatric inpatients and explored their potential preventability through following the recommendations of a web-based pediatric drug information system (PDIS). The potential socio-economic impacts of using this online system is also addressed. Routine clinical data from all inpatients treated in a child and adolescent psychiatry department between January 2017 and December 2018 were retrospectively examined for the occurrence of sADRs as defined by the European Medicines Agency. The preventability of the sADRs was assessed based on the information of the PDIS. Furthermore, the expected prolongation of the hospital stay due to sADRs was calculated as well as the associated treatment costs. The study was supported by the Innovation Fund of the Joint Federal Committee, grant number 01NVF16021. In total, 1036 patients were screened of whom 658 (63.5%) received psychopharmacological treatment. In 53 (8.1%) of these patients 54 sADRs were documented, of which 37 sADRs were identified as potentially preventable through PDIS. Mitigating sADR through PDIS would likely have prevented prolonged hospital stays and conferred considerable savings for health insurance companies. PDIS provides systematic and evidence-based information about pediatric psychopharmacotherapy and helps to prevent prescribing errors. Therefore, PDIS is a useful tool to increase drug therapy safety in child and adolescent psychiatry. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the results.
Use of telemedicine in the postoperative assessment of proctological patients: a case–control study
Authors: Gaj F. , Peracchini M. , Passannanti D. , Quaresima S. , Giovanardi F. , Lai Q.
Published: November 2022

Background

Telemedicine is emerging as an easy way to communicate between patients and surgeons. Use of telemedicine increased during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. WhatsApp is one of the most common smartphone applications for user-friendly telemedicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate patient perception of health quality and positive outcomes using a diary sent by the patient to the surgeon via WhatsApp during the first post-discharge week after proctologic surgery.

Methods

Ninety-eight patients discharged after proctologic surgery at the Israelite Hospital of Rome and the AOU Policlinico Umberto I of Rome in 1 January–31 December 2019 were divided into two groups: the WhatsApp group (group A), (n = 36) and the no WhatsApp group (group B) (n = 62). Group A patients received a protocol to follow for the day-by-day diary during the first post-discharge week and sending it by WhatsApp to the surgeon. Group B patients only received recommendations at discharge. The tool's usefulness was assessed by a questionnaire one month after the intervention.

Results

The two groups were homogeneous for age, sex, schooling, employment, and proctologic pathology. Group A patients had less difficulty keeping a diary (p < 0.0001). Group A patients had the perception of better follow-up post-discharge (p = 0.002). The use of the diary sent by WhatsApp significantly improved the perception of positive post-intervention outcomes (p = 0.007). WhatsApp was the only independent predictor of perception of post-surgical positive outcomes (odds ratio = 4.06; 95% CI 1.35–12.24; p = 0.01).

Conclusions

The use of WhatsApp in the post-discharge period improves the lifestyle quality of the patients and their perception of the safety and quality of care received.
Deep and shallow fast embedded capsule networks: going faster with capsules
Authors: Abo-Zahhad Mohammed , Eldifrawi Islam , Abdelwahab Moataz , El-Malek Ahmed H. Abd
Published: November 2022

Capsule Networks (CapsNets) is a great approach for understanding data in the field of computer vision. CapsNets allow a deeper understanding of images compared to the traditional Convolutional Neural Networks. The first test for CapsNet was in digits recognition on the ‘MNIST’ dataset, where it successfully achieved high accuracy. CapsNets are reliable at deciphering overlapping digits. Deep Capsule Networks achieved state-of-the-art accuracy in CIFAR10 which isn’t achieved by shallow capsule networks. Despite all these accomplishments, Deep Capsule Networks are very slow due to the ‘Dynamic Routing’ algorithm. In this paper, Fast Embedded Capsule Network and Deep Fast Embedded Capsule Network are introduced, representing novel capsule network architectures that uses 1D convolution based dynamic routing with a fast element-wise multiplication transformation process. These architectures not only compete with the state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy in the capsule domain, but also excels in terms of speed, and reduced complexity. This is shown by the 58% reduction in the number of trainable parameters and 64% reduction in the average epoch time in the training process. Experimental results shows excellent and verified properties.
Analysing cross-cutting competencies learning in an online entrepreneurship context
Authors: Marzo-Navarro Mercedes , Berné-Manero Carmen
Published: November 2022

Research in teaching innovation encourages leveraging the evolution of digital technologies from using the device to learning with the device, which means a change from using information and communicational technologies to learning and knowledge technologies. Nevertheless, although the feasibility of implementing active and interactive methodologies to improve education is widely recognised, more research is needed to obtain evidence on the subjects and contents with the most significant potential for success. In addition, the most recent literature claims greater attention to the improvement of transversal skills, as they are critical in the student’s professional future. Thus, the main objective of this study is to contribute to the development of immersive learning aimed at improving the cross-cutting skills of university students. Developing a teaching activity where the student acts as an entrepreneur in electronic distribution channels faces the research question. The student-company-university collaboration is the basis for enhancing the transversal skills of the Degree in Marketing and Market Research at the University of Zaragoza (Spain). The student participates in each step of the program as an active agent. The teacher tutors the work teams in each process step, and the Palbin Company provides the necessary technical support. The students give the information to analyse the success of the experience through two surveys -pre and post-workshop, following the methodology used in previous literature. While the activity planning is complex, the students show an excellent mood during the experience. The comparison between expectations and performance offers significant success from the student’s point of view. As a result, the student improves cross-cutting competencies and gains confidence, satisfaction with their learning at university, and professional experience.
Evaluation of a Wearable in-Ear Sensor for Temperature and Heart Rate Monitoring: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ellebrecht David Benjamin , Gola Damian , Kaschwich Mark
Published: November 2022

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, wearable sensors are important for early detection of critical illness especially in COVID-19 outpatients. We sought to determine in this pilot study whether a wearable in-ear sensor for continuous body temperature and heart rate monitoring (Cosinuss company, Munich) is sufficiently accurate for body temperature and heart rate monitoring. Comparing with several anesthesiologic standard of care monitoring devices (urinary bladder and zero-heat flux thermometer and ECG), we evaluated the in-ear sensor during non-cardiac surgery (German Clinical Trials Register Reg.-No: DRKS00012848). Limits of Agreement (LoA) based on Bland–Altman analysis were used to study the agreement between the in-ear sensor and the reference methods. The estimated LoA of the Cosinuss One and bladder temperature monitoring were [-0.79, 0.49] °C (95% confidence intervals [-1.03, -0.65] (lower LoA) and [0.35, 0.73] (upper LoA)), and [-0.78, 0.34] °C (95% confidence intervals [-1.18, -0.59] (lower LoA) and [0.16, 0.74] (upper LoA)) of the Cosinuss One and zero-heat flux temperature monitoring. 89% and 79% of Cosinuss One temperature monitoring were within ± 0.5 °C limit of bladder and zero-heat flux monitoring, respectively. The estimated LoA of Cosinuss One and ECG heart rate monitoring were [-4.81, 4.27] BPM (95% confidence intervals [-5.09, -4.56] (lower LoA) and [4.01, 4.54] (upper LoA)). The proportion of detection differences within ± 2BPM was 84%. Body temperature and heart rate were reliably measured by the wearable in-ear sensor.
Glutamine increases stability of TPH1 mRNA via p38 mitogen-activated kinase in mouse mastocytoma cells
Authors: Park Heeyoung , Lee Chang-Wook , Kang Jieun , Sadra Ali , Huh Sung-Oh
Published: November 2022

Expression changes for tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), the rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin synthesis, by environmental glutamine (GLN) were examined in mouse mastocytoma-derived P815-HTR cells. GLN-treated cells exhibited a robust increase in TPH1 mRNA after a 6 h exposure to GLN. 6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), a glutamine-utilizing glutaminase inhibitor, significantly inhibited the GLN-induction of TPH1 mRNA. Nuclear run-on assays and mRNA decay experiments demonstrated that the primary mechanism leading to increased TPH1 mRNA levels was not due to transcriptional changes, but rather due to increased TPH1 RNA stability induced by GLN. Treatment with GLN also led to activation of p38 MAP kinase, but not p42/44 MAPK. In addition, SB203580, a p38 MAP kinase specific inhibitor, completely abolished the GLN-mediated increase of TPH1 mRNA levels, suggesting the pathway stabilizing TPH1 mRNA might be mediated by the activated p38 MAP kinase pathway. Additionally, SB203580 significantly reduced the stability of TPH1 mRNA, and this reduction of the stability was not affected by GLN in the culture medium, implying a sequential signaling from GLN being mediated by p38 MAP kinase, resulting in alteration of TPH1 mRNA stability. TPH1 mRNA stability loss was also dependent on de novo protein synthesis as shown by treatment of cells with a transcriptional/translational blocker. We provide evidence that TPH1 mRNA levels are increased in response to increased exogenous GLN in mouse mastocytoma cells via a stabilization of TPH1 mRNA due to the activity of the p38 MAP kinase.
Euclidean spacetime functionalism
Authors: Read James , Cheng Bryan
Published: November 2022

We explore the significance of physical theories set in Euclidean spacetimes (i.e., theories with Riemannian rather than pseudo-Riemannian metrical structure). In particular, we explore (a) the use of these theories in contemporary physics at large, and (b) the sense in which there can be a notion of temporal evolution in these theories. Having achieved these tasks, we proceed to reflect on the lessons that one can take from such theories for Knox’s ‘inertial frame’ version of spacetime functionalism, which seems (on the face of it) to issue incorrect verdicts in the case of theories with Euclidean metrical structure.
Economic growth, human capital, and energy consumption in Algeria: evidence from cointegrating polynomial regression and a simultaneous equations model
Authors: Bouznit Mohammed , Pablo-Romero María P. , Sánchez-Braza Antonio
Published: November 2022

This article aims to empirically analyze the direct and the indirect effects of human capital on energy consumption in Algeria, as well as to test the possible presence of the energy-environmental Kuznets curve (E-EKC) hypothesis, over the period 1970–2017, using cointegrating polynomial regressions (CPR) with break points, and a simultaneous equations model. The obtained results indicate that human capital directly reduces energy demand, and indirectly increases it through income and physical capital stock channels. However, the direct effect is higher than that of the indirect effect. Additionally, CPR results confirm a monotonic increasing relationship between energy use and real GDP per capita; therefore, there is no evidence of the E-EKC hypothesis. This means that increasing economic growth leads to a rise in energy consumption and, in turn, to an intensification of CO2 emissions. The results also indicate that physical capital stock per capita, urban population ratio, and real GDP per capita are positively linked to energy use per capita. In that context, it may be appropriate to adapt the energy system to the growing demand, promoting greater use of renewable energies, if emissions growth is to be contained. Investment in education and improving the quality of human capital is a good way for Algeria to reduce energy consumption and protect the environment, without negatively impacting economic growth.
Elamipretide effects on the skeletal muscle phosphoproteome in aged female mice
Authors: Campbell Matthew D. , Martín-Pérez Miguel , Egertson Jarrett D. , Gaffrey Matthew J. , Wang Lu , Bammler Theo , Rabinovitch Peter S. , MacCoss Michael , Qian Wei-Jun , Villen Judit , Marcinek David
Published: November 2022

The age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and function is known as sarcopenia. Sarcopenia progresses based on complex processes involving protein dynamics, cell signaling, oxidative stress, and repair. We have previously found that 8-week treatment with elamipretide improves skeletal muscle function, reverses redox stress, and restores protein S-glutathionylation changes in aged female mice. This study tested whether 8-week treatment with elamipretide also affects global phosphorylation in skeletal muscle consistent with functional improvements and S-glutathionylation. Using female 6–7-month-old mice and 28–29-month-old mice, we found that phosphorylation changes did not relate to S-glutathionylation modifications, but that treatment with elamipretide did partially reverse age-related changes in protein phosphorylation in mouse skeletal muscle.
Technology-Enhanced Learning and Well-being: a Contribution to the Validation of a Measure to Assess University Students’ Technostress in the Italian Context
Authors: Schettino Giovanni , Marino Leda , Capone Vincenza
Published: November 2022

COVID-19 has forced many universities to adopt widely technology-enhanced learning (TEL), highlighting the role of technostress as a risk factor for detrimental outcomes that may be prevented through the assessment with reliable tools. Thus, the present study aimed to test the psychometric characteristics of the Italian validation of the technostress scale by Wang, Tan, and Li. A self-report online questionnaire was completed by 915 participants (aged 18–33 years) attending an online university course during the health emergency. A subsample of 301 subjects (MAge = 20.91, SD = 1.93) filled out the same questionnaire after a 3-month time interval to evaluate the test–retest reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis verified the one-factor structure of the scale, which was confirmed across academic courses considered (first-year and senior students). Moreover, the findings showed significant associations with the Italian Technostress Creators Scale and the Italian Mental Health Continuum–Short Form, as well as a satisfactory test–retest coefficient value supporting its validity and reliability. In light of the above, the study provides a useful instrument to evaluate technostress related to TEL and indications to implement preventive interventions for this type of stress by improving students’ experience with learning technologies.
Substanzkonsum bei Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung: Stand der Forschung, Angebote und Herausforderungen für Hilfesysteme und Prävention
Authors: Rathmann Katharina , Karg Stephanie , Schierenbeck Miriam , Kogel Lisa Marie
Published: November 2022

Hintergrund

Studien weisen darauf hin, dass der Konsum von stoffgebundenen Substanzen (insbesondere Alkohol und Tabak) von Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung mit der Allgemeinbevölkerung vergleichbar ist. Dies kann durch Maßnahmen zur Umsetzung der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention und den zunehmenden Bestrebungen der Inklusion, Dezentralisierung, Selbstbestimmung und des Normalisierungsprinzips begründet werden.

Methoden

Auf Grundlage bisheriger Reviews, Studien und Projekte zum Substanzkonsum bei Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung wird ein Überblick über den nationalen und internationalen Forschungsstand zum Substanzkonsum bei Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung gegeben. Zudem sind die Herausforderungen des Substanzkonsums für die Klient*innen und die Hilfesysteme der Sucht- und Behindertenhilfe mit ihren Anforderungen und Aufgaben aufgezeigt. Dabei werden Screeninginstrumente und bisherige Präventionsangebote und -programme dargestellt.

Ergebnisse

Repräsentative Studienergebnisse sind bislang rar. Die angegebenen Häufigkeiten zum Alkohol‑, Tabak- und Cannabiskonsum variieren. Es gibt verhaltens- und verhältnisorientierte Präventionsprogramme für unterschiedliche Zielgruppen. Herausforderungen für die Hilfesysteme ergeben sich z. B. durch Koabhängigkeit und dem Spannungsverhältnis von Selbst- und Fremdbestimmung. An Präventionsansätze sind besondere Anforderungen zu stellen, wie z. B. Lebensweltbezug, zielgruppengerechte Materialien und Methoden sowie wiederholende Elemente und die Einbindung des sozialen Umfelds.

Schlussfolgerung

Im Rahmen der zunehmenden Inklusion sollte dem Thema Substanzkonsum bei Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung stärker Beachtung in Forschung und Praxis geschenkt werden. Für die Prävention von Substanzkonsum sind verhaltens- und verhältnisorientierte Maßnahmen mit aktivierenden Einheiten und zielgruppenspezifische Materialien und Medien, eine stärkere Vernetzung der Hilfesysteme sowie die stärkere Berücksichtigung von (kommunalen) Präventionsketten notwendig.
Frauen in der lokalen Politik und kommunale Wahlbeteiligung. Ein Fall für deskriptive Repräsentation?
Authors: Stocker Simon
Published: November 2022

Diese Studie präsentiert neue empirische Evidenz für die Argumente feministischer Theoretiker*innen, welche die Notwendigkeit deskriptiver Repräsentation von Frauen unterstreichen. Anhand eines neuartigen Datensatzes wird die Wirkung der Präsenz von Frauen in lokalpolitischen Ämtern auf die Beteiligung bei Ratswahlen in Baden-Württemberg untersucht. Die Analyse von Längsschnittdaten zwischen 1999 und 2019 zeigt, dass die Präsenz von Bürgermeisterinnen eine positive Wirkung auf die Beteiligungsquote bei Gemeinderatswahlen hat. Darüber hinaus zeigt sich, dass auch die Offenheit der Wähler*innen für Frauen in politischen Ämtern eine Rolle spielt. Vor allem für Parteien im linken politischen Spektrum spielt emanzipatorische und solidarische Politik und somit Geschlechterausgleich eine wichtige Rolle. In den Gemeinden, in denen die Grünen und die Linkspartei bei der Bundestagswahl höhere Stimmanteile erreichen, ist der positive Effekt deskriptiver Repräsentation von Frauen auf die Wahlbeteiligung größer. Sowohl die Präsenz von Bürgermeisterinnen als auch der Frauenanteil im Gemeinderat haben im Zusammenspiel mit der approximierten Offenheit der Wähler*innen für Politikerinnen einen positiven Effekt auf die Höhe der Wahlbeteiligung. Der positive Effekt der Präsenz von Frauen in lokalpolitischen Ämtern auf die kommunale Wahlbeteiligung wird durch die Offenheit der Wähler*innen gegenüber Politikerinnen moderiert.
Silencing FOXP2 reverses vemurafenib resistance in BRAFV600E mutant papillary thyroid cancer and melanoma cells
Authors: Jiang Suyuan , Huang Yuxin , Li Yuan , Gu Qin , Jiang Cuiping , Tao Xiaoming , Sun Jiao
Published: November 2022

Background

Vemurafenib (VEM) is a commonly used inhibitor of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and melanoma with the BRAFV600E mutation; however, acquired resistance is unavoidable. The present study aimed to identify a potential target to reverse resistance.

Materials and methods

A VEM-resistant PTC cell line (B-CPAP/VR) was established by gradually increasing the drug concentration, and a VEM-resistant BRAFV600E melanoma cell line (A375/VR) was also established. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were conducted to identify dysregulated genes and construct a transcription factor (TF) network. The role of a potential TF, forkhead box P2 (FOXP2), verified by qRT-PCR, was selected for further confirmation.

Results

The two resistant cell lines were tolerant of VEM and displayed higher migration and colony formation abilities (p < 0.05). RNA sequencing identified 9177 dysregulated genes in the resistant cell lines, and a TF network consisting of 13 TFs and 44 target genes was constructed. Alterations in FOXP2 expression were determined to be consistent between the two VEM-resistant cell lines. Finally, silencing FOXP2 resulted in an increase in drug sensitivity and significant suppression of the migration and colony formation abilities of the two resistant cell lines (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The present study successfully established two VEM-resistant cell lines and identified a potential target for VEM-resistant PTC or melanoma.
ORIHIME study: real-world treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of 338 patients with acquired hemophilia A from a Japanese administrative database
Authors: Ogawa Yoshiyuki , Amano Kagehiro , Matsuo-Tezuka Yukari , Okada Norihiro , Murakami Yoichi , Nakamura Takao , Yamaguchi-Suita Haruko , Nogami Keiji
Published: November 2022

Background

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare disorder, and clinical practices for treating AHA have not been fully clarified in Japan.

Objectives

This study aims to investigate the epidemiology of AHA and real-world treatment practices in Japan.

Patients/methods

This observational study was based on a health administrative database of hospitalized patients diagnosed with AHA who were treated with immunosuppressants.

Results

The study included 214 males and 124 females (mean age 75.7 years). The most frequently used bypassing agent was recombinant activated factor VII. The predominant choice of immunosuppressant for first-line treatment was steroid monotherapy. Median days from the index date to the start of rehabilitation was 65.0 for cardiovascular, 35.5 for respiratory and 23.0 for locomotor. The proportion of patients with an activities of daily living (ADL) score < 70 points was high at both first admission and final discharge (47.4% and 38.8%). The percentage of deaths during hospitalization was 18.6%.

Conclusions

This study clarified the treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of AHA in a large population in Japan. This was the first study showing ADL score distribution and time to rehabilitation. Further investigation is needed to develop better clinical practices for treatment of AHA.
A new approach to use of wavelet transform for baseflow separation of Karst springs (case study: Gamasiyab spring)
Authors: Solgi Abazar , Zarei Heidar , Marofi Safar
Published: November 2022

Today, groundwater is the essential resource the whole water sector demands. The spring baseflow discharge analysis can significantly help us better manage water resources. This study was focused on the separation baseflow discharge of the Gamasiyab karstic spring (western Iran) using the wavelet transform (WT). The recursive digital filter (RDF) method with different algorithms has been used to compare the approach performance. Forty-nine years (1968–2018) of the recorded springs’ daily discharge data were used for this aim. The isotopic content (IC) method was used to determine the best RDF algorithm and WT for baseflow separation. The IC of the monthly samples taken in 2017–2018 was measured. The results showed that the WT had the adjusted coefficient of determination ($$R_{{{\text{adjusted}}}}^{2}$$

R

adjusted

2

) of 0.95 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.552 (m3/s) compared to the IC index method. The best algorithm in the RDF method was related to the Eckhardt algorithm with $$R_{{{\text{adjusted}}}}^{2}$$

R

adjusted

2

of 0.97 and RMSE of 0.670 (m3/s), which had the best performance compared to the IC index method. Results showed that in most samples, the values of the separated baseflow by the WT are closer to the isotopic values. Also, based on the RMSE criterion, the WT has a lower RMSE than the RDF method and is known as the best method in this study. The results showed that the WT accurately separated the spring baseflow discharge and could split the baseflow of rivers.
A Depth Sensor Based on Transient Property of Liquid Crystal Lens
Authors: Xiao Haifeng , Liu Zhiqiang , Tan Baolin , Ye Mao
Published: November 2022

The property of maintaining the lens state of the liquid crystal (LC) lens during the switching between positive and negative lens states is made use of in the fast acquirement of multi-focus images without magnification change. A depth from focus (DFF) pipeline that can generate a low-error depth map and an all-in-focus image is proposed. The depth of the scene is then obtained via DFF pipeline from the captured images. The depth sensor proposed in this paper has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, and long service life.
Product gas biomethanation with inoculum enrichment and grinding
Authors: Hu Xiao , Jiang Bingyi , Yu Chunjiang , Söderlind Ulf , Göransson Kristina , Zhang Wennan
Published: November 2022

The use of cheap product gas from biomass air gasification to produce methane via anaerobic digestion is a novel and potential pathway for the large-scale production of biomass-based substitute natural gas (BioSNG). In this experimental work, the product gas biomethanation (PGB) was studied with respect to the biosludge enrichment and inoculum partial grinding as well as the mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. The results show that the biosludge enrichment can effectively stop methanogenesis inhibition from the product gas, particularly CO, thus increase the biomethanation reaction rate and shorten the reaction start-up time. The inoculum partial grinding treatment can clearly change the microorganism composition and effectively reduce the diversity of microorganisms in the mixed bacterium system for the mesophilic biomethanation, thereby improving the product gas biomethanation efficiency, which is limited for the thermophilic biomethanation.
Die MISSCARE-Austria-Studie – Teil II
Authors: Cartaxo Ana , Eberl Inge , Mayer Hanna
Published: November 2022

Hintergrund

Eine sichere und qualitativ angemessene Versorgung im Krankenhaus erfordert den Einsatz einer adäquaten, den Bedarfen von Patient*innen und ihrer Angehörigen entsprechenden Anzahl an qualifizierten Pflegepersonen. Für Allgemeinstationen in österreichischen Krankenhäusern gibt es hierzu keine explizite Orientierung. Die Datenlage zum Pflegepersonaleinsatz auf Allgemeinstationen und dessen Angemessenheit ist hierzulande limitiert. Diese beiden Faktoren dienen als Prädiktoren für das Weglassen pflegerischer Versorgung – Missed Nursing Care (MNC).

Ziele

Eine erste Datenlage zum Einsatz von Pflegepersonalressourcen auf Allgemeinstationen in österreichischen Krankenhäusern mittels Patient-to-Nurse Ratio (PtN) vorzustellen; die Einschätzung der Angemessenheit der Pflegepersonalbesetzung aus Sicht von Pflegepersonen zu erheben und den Einfluss beider Variablen auf MNC zu diskutieren.

Methode

Es wurde eine quantitative Querschnittstudie mit dem Revised-MISSCARE-Austria-Instrument zwischen Mai und Juli 2021 durchgeführt. Zielgruppe waren Pflegepersonen, die in diesem Zeitraum auf Allgemeinstationen in österreichischen Krankenhäusern in der direkten Patient*innenversorgung tätig waren. Die Datenanalyse erfolgte mittels deskriptiver Statistik sowie Korrelationskoeffizienten, nichtparametrischen Gruppenvergleichstests und univariater multifaktoriellen Varianzanalyse.

Ergebnisse

In der Datenanalyse wurden 846 Fälle berücksichtigt. PtN-Werte auf konservativen und/oder operativen Allgemeinstationen in österreichischen Krankenhäusern situieren sich im internationalen Vergleich in einem hohen Bereich: Durchschnittlich werden ca. 15 Patient*innen/Pflegeperson am Tag- bzw. 22 Patient*innen/Pflegeperson im Nachtdienst versorgt. Unterschiede nach Krankenhauslokalisation und -größe sowie nach Berufsgruppe in der Pflege zeigen sich statistisch signifikant. 67,8% der Befragten geben an, dass die Pflegepersonalbesetzung in den letzten 3 Monaten selten oder nie angemessen war. Beide Variablen zeigen einen statistisch signifikanten Einfluss auf MNC.

Schlussfolgerung

Entsprechend dieser Ergebnisse zeigt sich eindeutig die Notwendigkeit der Einführung eines Monitorings zur aktuellen Pflegepersonalsituation auf Allgemeinstationen in österreichischen Krankenhäusern. Hier erscheint nicht nur die PtN, sondern auch die Einschätzung der Angemessenheit der Pflegepersonalbesetzung aus Sicht von Pflegepersonen für die Beurteilung der Pflegepersonalsituation relevant.
Thiamine Deficiency in the Pathophysiology and Diagnosis of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: De Lorenzo Chiara , Martocchia Antonio , Fedele Elena , Di Gioia Valeria , Gagliardo Olga , Martelletti Paolo ,   Emergency Unit of S. Andrea Hospital
Published: November 2022

Thiamine deficiency is associated with life-threatening pathologies, as Wernicke syndrome (WS), Korsakoff syndrome (KS), Marchiafava-Bignami (MB) disease, and wet or dry beri-beri (BB). Among the etiological factors, the thiamine deficiency may be suspected in subjects at risk for malnutrition (decreased nutrient intake, increased nutrient losses, or impaired nutrient absorption). Computed tomography (CT) but especially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best method to detect diencephalic and mesencephalic cytotoxic edematous lesions in patients with acute WS, with hyperintense on long-TR spin-echo MRI imaging and low-density signal abnormalities on CT scans. We report a case of WS in an 82-year-old woman with the history of cancer and eating disorder, who presented a neurological worsening during recovery, associated with low serum thiamine levels and the presence of symmetrical areas of hyperintense signal in the long-TR sequences of MRI. After parenteral thiamine supplementation, we observed a rapid improvement of ocular and language disorders occurred, with a low and incomplete improvement of peripheral neuropathy, supporting the WS diagnosis. Our case report presented the clinical picture of WS and KS and the diagnosis was confirmed by both the laboratory tests and the brain imaging techniques. The dosage of the vitamin was useful and accurate when performed before the beginning of the supplementation therapy. This case is important in bringing to light a clinical picture often observed in many medical recovery units.
Spatio-temporal patterns of the European wildcat in a Mediterranean coastal area
Authors: Ferretti Francesco , Lazzeri Lorenzo , Sforzi Andrea
Published: November 2022

Like most small felids, the European wildcat Felis silvestris is a rather elusive species, poorly detectable in the wild, due to several aspects of its biology. Camera trapping can represent a suitable tool to understand temporal activity patterns and habitat preferences of such elusive species. We used intensive camera trapping over two full years to investigate spatio-temporal patterns of the wildcat in a Mediterranean coastal protected area (Maremma Regional Park, central Italy). At the seasonal scale, the wildcat showed a marked twilight activity in summer and winter (mating period), and nocturnal activity in autumn. Conversely, a peak of activity during the day, i.e., in broad daylight, was reported in spring. Reproductive females may limit their nocturnal movements in spring to increase protection from predators to their kittens at the den, although further data are required to support this conclusion. At seasonal, semestral, and yearly temporal scales, the frequency of wildcat detections increased along with availability of shrubwood. These results emphasise the importance for this small felid of areas with dense vegetation cover (Mediterranean maquis and shrubwood, in our study area). Areas densely covered with shrubby vegetation are expected to provide benefits to this elusive small cat in terms of reduced human disturbance (included tourists), availability of prey (e.g., small mammals), as well as shelter, essential to ensure protection towards potential larger predators.
Jane Austen and Other Minds
Authors: Lindstrom Eric Reid
Published: November 2022

Jane Austen's fiction is itself philosophy, a fact to which Stanley Cavell attested when he honored his philosophical teacher, J. L. Austin, through homage to her and her work. Engaging equally in criticism and in philosophy, Jane Austen and Other Minds demonstrates the standing of Austen's fiction as a philosophical investigation, both in its own right and as a resource to ordinary language philosophy in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Eric Reid Lindstrom addresses a long-standing shortcoming of Austen scholarship by locating in her fiction a linguistic phenomenology available to the novelistic everyday but not afforded her in intellectual history. He simultaneously advances recognition and understanding of J. L. Austin and Stanley Cavell, and of ordinary language philosophy, within Austen scholarship and the broader field of contemporary literary studies. This book argues compellingly for Cavell's choice of Austen as a means to pursue 'passionate exchange,' reimagining her common association with restriction and confinement.
Nonequilibrium Quantum Field Theory
Authors: Calzetta Esteban A. , Hu Bei-Lok B.
Published: November 2022

Bringing together the key ideas from nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and powerful methodology from quantum field theory, this 2008 book captures the essence of nonequilibrium quantum field theory. Beginning with the foundational aspects of the theory, the book presents important concepts and useful techniques, discusses issues of basic interest, and shows how thermal field, linear response, kinetic theories and hydrodynamics emerge. It also illustrates how these concepts are applied to research topics including nonequilibrium phase transitions, thermalization in relativistic heavy ion collisions, the nonequilibrium dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensation, and the generation of structures from quantum fluctuations in the early Universe. This self-contained book is a valuable reference for graduate students and researchers in particle physics, gravitation, cosmology, atomic-optical and condensed matter physics. It has been reissued as an Open Access publication on Cambridge Core.
Gaseous Radiation Detectors
Authors: Sauli Fabio
Published: November 2022

Widely used in high-energy and particle physics, gaseous radiation detectors are undergoing continuous development. The first part of this book provides a solid background for understanding the basic processes leading to the detection and tracking of charged particles, photons, and neutrons. Continuing then with the development of the multi-wire proportional chamber, the book describes the design and operation of successive generations of gas-based radiation detectors, as well as their use in experimental physics and other fields. Examples are provided of applications for complex events tracking, particle identification, and neutral radiation imaging. Limitations of the devices are discussed in detail. Including an extensive collection of data and references, this book is ideal for researchers and experimentalists in nuclear and particle physics. It has been reissued as an Open Access publication on Cambridge Core.
But does the nudge fit? Institutional structure and behavioural insights
Authors: Merrick Weston
Published: November 2022

Behavioural science has found growing application in applied public policy settings, offering a vast literature to bring to bear on apparent cognitive errors. The potential, however, is not without peril. Policymakers and scholars may draw unwarranted confidence that successful behavioural interventions from elsewhere will replicate in their institutional settings. In this research, I partner with Minneapolis Public Housing and use a design-based approach to identify interventions that can reduce eviction actions. This study presents three vignettes that demonstrate and categorize the mistakes behavioural science can make when it fails to understand how formal and informal institutional features influence decision-making. But, in integrating methods and theories from the design sciences, public policy and public administration, we have the potential to create behavioural interventions that fit the social context.
Hydraulic jump on the surface of a cone
Authors: Zhou Guangzhao , Prosperetti Andrea
Published: November 2022

This paper addresses several aspects of the axisymmetric flow of a liquid film over the surface of a downward-sloping cone. The study is rooted on a validated computational tool the results of which are interpreted with the help of a hyperbolic time-dependent reduced-order model also derived in the paper. The steady version of the model demonstrates the weakening and ultimate disappearance of the circular hydraulic jump as the cone surface transitions from planar to downward sloping. Mathematically, this evolution is reflected in a change of the model's critical point from spiral to node. A significant advantage of the time-dependent model is that, when it is integrated in time, the flow regions upstream and downstream of the critical point are connected. Due to this feature, when a hydraulic jump exists, its position can be sharply captured automatically with a good agreement with Navier–Stokes simulations. Surface-tension effects are properly accounted for and, in steady conditions, are shown to have a marginal effect on the flow, including the position of the hydraulic jump. A correlation is obtained for the jump radius as a function of the flow rate, liquid viscosity, gravitational acceleration and the angle of inclination of the cone surface. In a suitable limit, the model reduces to the optimal two-dimensional, first-order model for liquid film flow down an inclined plane and, in a different limit, it describes an axisymmetric thin liquid film falling down the surface of a vertical cylinder. Some results are also presented for the waves induced by a pulsating jet on the surface of the liquid film and for a jet impinging on the surface of a cone from below.
The Accountant as a Means to Corporate Tax Compliance: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment in Ecuador
Authors: Ramírez-Álvarez José
Published: November 2022

Tax evasion can be considered as a systemic fraud in which different parties such as taxpayers, lawyers, banks, and multinational entities interact. Here, accountants are key agents owing to their legal liability in tax reporting and their knowledge on accounting rules. The present study analyzes the role that accountants play in firms tax evasion by presenting evidence from a randomized field experiment carried out with microenterprises in Ecuador’s tax system in early 2016. The article evaluates to what extent a notification of accountants is more effective in increasing tax reporting than a notification of taxpayers, through five different treatments. The results show that simultaneous persuasive notifications of both accountants and taxpayers were the unique treatment that significantly increased firms’ declared income tax. Furthermore, it was shown that penalty notifications of accountants, rather than taxpayers only, were the most significant treatment at reducing revenue underreporting.
Braiding Public Health and Human Rights: AIDS, Activism, and International Agencies in Brazil, 1987–1996
Authors: Cueto Marcos , Lopes Gabriel
Published: November 2022

This article examines the emergence of a synergy that allowed the early development of what was once considered the best anti-AIDS program in the developing world. Initial responses to AIDS in Brazil during the 1980s and early 1990s were marked by a confrontation between activists concerned with human rights, and a government focusing on biomedical management of the epidemic. After 1992, activists, medical researchers, government officials, international donors like the Ford Foundation, health officers, and multilateral agencies like the World Bank were galvanized to cooperate. This was a complex process of braiding knowledge and practices related to activism, science, public health, governance and philanthropy in which each constituency maintained its independence. The result was a complex, holistic, and nuanced AIDS program. The process helped bridge the gap between knowledge and advocacy, generated public awareness, and was instrumental to reducing AIDS mortality developing local human resources and comprehensive policies.
New perspectives on the Roman military base at Bu Njem
Authors: Walas Anna H.
Published: November 2022

This article revisits archival excavation records of the Roman garrison at Bu Njem. Past research on the archaeology of Bu Njem often considered the site in isolation from its extramural settlement and from the content of its ostraca, focusing on the morphology of the fort, and the composition of the garrison: this offers the opportunity to study the garrison as an extended military community in its interconnected social, cultural and economic settings. Since the completion of fieldwork led by Rebuffat between 1967 and 1980, there have been significant advances to the research on the Garamantes, the understanding of trade in the Sahara and the nature of Rome's North African frontiers. These advances allow for a rethinking of the interpretation of the evidence from Bu Njem. This article focuses on the archaeology of the military base and the extramural settlement. Building on existing research, the results add to interpretations of the activities in the garrison, recognise the urban character of the garrison settlement, and in doing so, improve our understanding of social and economic activities on the frontier.
Unequal Citizenship and Ethnic Boundaries in the Migration Experience of Polish Roma
Authors: Fiałkowska Kamila , Mirga-Wójtowicz Elżbieta , Garapich Michał P.
Published: November 2022

Since the early 1990s, large numbers of Polish Roma have emigrated, mainly to Germany and Great Britain. Unlike the migration of Polish (non-Roma) citizens there was an intriguing silence regarding the migration of this ethnic group. The absence of Roma in the grand narrative of migrations from Poland, as we argue, suggests that the notion of belonging and citizenship were unequally distributed among Poland’s population. Based on our ongoing ethnographic research among Polish Roma migrants, complemented by an analysis of relevant documents, we argue that these inequalities and hierarchies are deeply rooted and there is an interesting continuity in how they were produced and reproduced prior to and after the 1989 regime change. We argue that one of the key factors in these movements, the collectiveness of the migration project – i.e. migrating as an extended family group as a component of the moral economy of Roma mobility – is mutually produced by unequal citizenship, mobility regimes and strong moral obligations stemming from kinship ties.
European Approaches of the Bulgarian Church: the Case of the Lambeth Conference in London, 1930
Authors: LITINA MARIA
Published: November 2022

This article examines the role of the networks and protagonists involved in securing the Bulgarian Church's participation in the seventh Lambeth Conference in London (1930) in their attempt to end the schism between the Bulgarian Church and the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople dating from 1872, and to secure a new place for the Bulgarians in the wider ecclesial and political landscape. New evidence, contained in unpublished documents in the Lambeth Palace Archives in London, enables a better understanding of the various connections at work behind the scene, including how the Church of England perceived and responded to complex issues within their own ecumenical strategy and the wider context of British foreign policy.
Terrigenous leaf-utilizing life of the tube-bearing annelid Anchinothria cirrobranchiata (Annelida: Onuphidae) in the deep sea
Authors: Yamamori Luna , Moritaki Takeya , Kato Makoto
Published: November 2022

Deep-sea ecosystems are generally oligotrophic because they lack photosynthesizing producers. On deep-sea slopes near land, however, various terrestrial plant remains flow to and are deposited on near-shore deep bottoms. From a depth of 300 m off the Pacific coast of Owase, central Japan, we collected an onuphid polychaete, Anchinothria cirrobranchiata (Annelida: Onuphidae), which lives in a dorsoventrally flattened portable tube. The polychaete tubes were made of sand, as well as leaves and twigs of terrestrial evergreen trees. The leaves glued on the portable tubes were chartaceous, blackish and tough; they belonged mainly to two genera of Fagaceae, Castanopsis and Quercus, which are dominant components of coastal evergreen oak forests. In aquaria, the polychaetes fed on the leaves on their tubes, as well as autochthonous sedimented leaves, suggesting utilization of terrigenous plant litter as food. As to the evolution of Anchinothria, a molecular phylogenetic analysis suggests that Anchinothria is monophyletic with other Hyalinoeciinae (Nothria, Leptoecia, Hyalinoecia).
Can bigger health budgets cushion pandemics? An empirical test of COVID-19 deaths across the world
Authors: Vadlamannati Krishna Chaitanya , Cooray Arusha , de Soysa Indra
Published: November 2022

How has public healthcare spending prepared countries for tackling the COVID-19 pandemic? Arguably, spending is the primary policy tool of governments for providing effective health. We argue that the effectiveness of spending for reducing COVID deaths is conditional on the existence of healthcare equity and lower political corruption because the health sector is particularly susceptible to political spending. Our results, obtained using ordinary least squares and two-stage least squares estimations, suggest that higher spending targeted at reducing inequitable access to health has reduced COVID deaths. Consistent with the findings of others, our results indirectly suggest that health spending is necessary, but not sufficient unless accompanied by good governance and equitable access. Equitable health systems ease the effects of COVID presumably because they allow states to reach and treat people more effectively. Spending aimed at increasing health system capacity by increasing access thus seems a sound strategy for fighting the spread of disease, ultimately benefiting us all.
The relations of SES and literacy-related oral and written language skills after one year of reading instruction – evidence from novice readers of Arabic
Authors: ASADI Ibrahim A. , KASPERSKI Ronen , BAR-KOCHVA Irit
Published: November 2022

The relations between socioeconomic status (SES) and language skills at the onset of reading acquisition has not received much attention in research. In this study, a standardized battery of oral and written language tests was administered to 127 Arabic-speaking children at the end of first grade. SES-related differences were found in a line of oral language measures (vocabulary, syntax, morphology, and listening comprehension), but not in phonological awareness (PA) and rapid automatized naming (RAN), nor in any of the reading components (decoding, word reading, reading comprehension and orthographic knowledge). These findings point to a distinction between two groups of language skills with regard to their relations with SES in the first year of reading instruction. The results imply that SES should not be regarded as a mediating factor in the development of PA, RAN and reading in first grade among novice readers of Arabic.