bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPRESS: AI-based Financial Advice: An Ethical Discourse on AI-based Financial Advice and Ethical Reflection Framework
Authors: Brüggen Lisa , Gianni Robert , de Haan Floris , Hogreve Jens , Meacham Darian , Post Thomas , van der Werf Minou
Published: November 2024

This article presents a first step in identifying the ethical issues of AI-based financial advice. Consumers must navigate an ever more complex array of financial decisions. (Generative) AI-based financial advice may increase access to and acceptance of financial advice and strengthen consumers’ financial well-being. However, significant ethical challenges exist in designing, developing, and deploying AI-based financial advice. To analyze the perils and pitfalls of AI-based financial advice, we develop a definition of what constitutes good AI-based financial advice and provide a first assessment of ethical challenges related to AI-based financial advice. The iterative multi-stakeholder approach, including workshops and semi-structured interviews with consumers and experts, results in an ethical discourse structured around the four fundamental values of the European Commission’s Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI, human autonomy, explicability, fairness, prevention of harm, and trust as the overall objectives. Based on our analyses, we derive a simple yet comprehensive AI Ethics Framework for Financial Advice (AIFA). The AIFA reflection framework guides public policymakers, managers of financial service providers, and technology developers in incorporating ethical discourse in developing and deploying (generative) AI-based financial advice.
Integrating informal and formal care: An innovative, scalable program blueprint
Authors: Sattler Deborah , Howard Michelle , Nessim Doris , McAlister Marg , Dolovich Lisa
Published: November 2024

People have infinite needs, including illness prevention, wellness, self-care, practical support, and quality of life. This article describes community-based, informal care programs that help people identify their needs, set goals, and organize networks of care to address their needs holistically in a way that can also significantly reduce healthcare costs. Approaches can be customized for primary care, home and community, hospice, and other care sectors to facilitate low-cost, high impact adoption. We provide a blueprint for programs that integrate informal and formal care across social, physical, and mental health domains as a key part of healthcare system transformation.
Women’s Experiences of Adult Sexual Assault, by Perpetrator Gender and Participant Sexual Orientation
Authors: MacDonald Alyssa J. , Holmberg Diane , Price E. Lisa , Hoskin Rhea Ashley
Published: November 2024

The vast majority of theoretical and empirical research assessing sexual assault (SA) focuses on man-against-woman SA (MWSA), leaving other forms such as woman-against-woman SA (WWSA) understudied. Relatively simple questions, such as the relative frequency of WWSA for women of different sexual orientations, the tactics (e.g., coercion, force), or forms (e.g., groping, vaginal penetration) employed in WWSA remain unanswered. To address these issues, 268 women (approximately one-third of each bisexual, lesbian, and heterosexual) completed an online survey reporting on whether or not they had experienced a variety of nonconsensual sexual experiences in their adult lifetime, asking specifically about perpetration by men and women. Results indicated that although SA perpetrated by men was far more common, a substantial minority of participants reported having experienced WWSA. In general, tactics and forms employed were similar, regardless of the gender of the perpetrator or the woman’s sexual orientation, with two exceptions: bisexual women had experienced higher rates of MWSA, and lesbian women had experienced more SA in the form of oral sex compared to other groups. Implications for theory, empirical research, and especially community and clinical practice are discussed.
Familial and Individual Risk Factors, Sexual Assault, and Mental Health: A Comparison of Black, Hispanic, Asian, and White College Students
Authors: Tyler Kimberly A. , Eisenbraun Anika R. , Synya Anna , Lloyd Madison
Published: November 2024

Though sexual assault is prevalent among college campuses, there is a paucity of research on whether risk factors vary for different racial/ethnic groups. As such, this article examines familial and individual risk factors and three sexual assault types (coercive, physically forced, and incapacitated) with depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms to see whether such risks vary for Black/African American, White, Asian, and Hispanic groups of college students. Data were gathered in 2019 to 2020 from 783 undergraduate college women and men at a large public university in the Midwestern United States. Results revealed that in terms of family background, Black/African American, Asian, and Hispanic students reported more experiences of child physical abuse and lower levels of warmth and support compared to White students. White college students, however, reported more frequent heavy drinking compared to Asian and Hispanic students. For sexual assault, Asian students reporting experiencing incapacitated sexual assault more so than White students, whereas Black/African American students reported experiences of physically forced sexual assault more so than White students. For mental health, Hispanic students reported more PTSD symptoms compared to White students while Asian students reported more depressive symptoms compared to their White counterparts. It is noteworthy that early experiences of child physical abuse and lower warmth and support continued to significantly impact both PTSD symptoms and depressive symptoms. Our results demonstrate the importance of going beyond the typical dichotomy of White and non-White to gain a more nuanced understanding of how risk factors vary for different racial and ethnic groups, which has implications for intervention and prevention when understanding sexual assault and mental health outcomes.
Co-Existence Patterns of Social Norms and Positive Defending Intention Among Adolescents as School Bullying Bystanders
Authors: Chen Zhan-jie , Yu Jia-ming , Liu Fang , Wang Jing-xi , Zhen Rui
Published: November 2024

School bullying occurs frequently in primary and secondary schools, which is a global problem and it often brings serious physical and mental harm to the victims. When school bullying occurs, there may be a large number of bystanders in addition to the bullies and victims. What actions bystanders take affects the progress of school bullying. Relevant studies indicate that social norms including how peers around them react (descriptive norms) and how important adults such as teachers and parents demand (injunctive norms) play important roles in bystanders’ action-taking, but limited studies have considered individual differences. Therefore, this study used a person-centered approach to explore the co-existence patterns of social norms and bystanders’ defending intention to further understand their relations. We surveyed 1,384 junior high school students in China by self-report questionnaires, and they were asked to assess their defending intention when witnessing school bullying events under different contexts of social norms. Through latent profiles analysis, five co-existing patterns were identified: no norms–no defending group (4.8%), parent norms–no defending group (3.6%), weak norms–low defending group (24.3%), teacher-peer norms–medium defending group (40.6%), teacher-peer norms–high defending group (26.7%). In four out of the five patterns, students’ levels of defending intention were highly consistent with the levels of peer and teacher norms, but largely contradicted parent norms. This suggests that descriptive norms from peers and injunctive norms from teachers, other than those from parents are crucial for promoting bystanders’ defending intention, which provides important enlightenment for school bullying prevention. These findings provide important enlightenment for the prevention and control of school bullying in the future.
The toll of prejudice: The longitudinal interplay between ethnic prejudice and well-being in adolescence
Authors: Bobba Beatrice , Crocetti Elisabetta
Published: November 2024

Ethnic prejudice has negative effects on the well-being of ethnic minorities. However, less is known about the consequences of holding negative attitudes toward diversity for ethnic majority youth in current multicultural societies. Across two studies, the current research examined the medium-term (Study I) and day-to-day (Study II) reciprocal associations between affective and cognitive prejudice and several well-being outcomes (i.e., subjective, psychological, and social well-being, physical health, and sleep) among ethnic majority adolescents. In Study I ( N = 1103; Mage = 15.66, 48.59% females), ethnic prejudice was found to be mostly linked longitudinally and concurrently to decreases in well-being indicators, although with a few exceptions, at both the within- and between-person levels. Conversely, in Study II ( N = 458; Mage = 15.59, 54.77% females), poorer subjective well-being and physical health were associated with increases in prejudice on the next day. Together, these findings suggest a spiraling effect whereby poor well-being leads to short-term increases in prejudice, which in turn contribute to medium-term decreases in well-being. Overall, this research highlights for the first time the intertwined nature of prejudice and well-being among ethnic majority youth and suggests the need to support adolescents in navigating the diversity of current societies.
Constructive and Destructive Voice Behaviors in Cooperatives: The Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivational Drives
Authors: Mori Martina , Cavaliere Vincenzo , Della Torre Edoardo
Published: November 2024

This study aims to understand how job satisfaction relates to constructive and destructive voice in cooperatives by developing an integrated theoretical model that combines Social Exchange Theory (SET) and Motivational Synergy Theory (MST). We investigate the underlying motivational explanation by adopting a follower-centric perspective and focusing on intrinsic and extrinsic factors related to leadership styles and performance-based rewards. The empirical mediation analyses of 300 workers of Italian cooperatives show specific associations of job satisfaction with constructive and destructive voice via transformational and transactional leadership and performance-based rewards. Unlike most existing literature, this study considers employee voice as an extra-role behavior that can be positive (constructive) or negative (destructive) for the organization. Moreover, it brings new theoretical perspectives to the voice debate by combining SET and MST, thus developing fertile grounds for further studies. Finally, it extends existing knowledge about employee voice to the under-investigated but highly relevant context of cooperatives.
When social provision became a bordering practice: The association ‘Assistance to Redeemed Italy’ and children’s welfare in Italy’s northeastern borderlands, 1919-1939
Authors: Downs Laura Lee
Published: November 2024

This article axplores children's welfare in Italy's northeastern borderlands after WWI. Using the case of a semi-public aid association “Assistenza all'Italia Redenta” (Assistance to Redeemed Italy), the author examines children's welfare before and after the installation of the fascist regime. She focuses in particular on preschools as a vital source of sociomedical and educational assistance to children in this mutlilingual and multiethnic region. But this assistance came with a quid pro quo, for children recieved it on condition that they learn the Italian language. The article thus explores how social welfare may be instrumentalized for nationalist purposes in borderland regions marked by cultural and national diversity.
(Doing) Time Is Money: Confinement, Prison Work and the Reproduction of Carceral Capitalism
Authors: Pandeli Jenna , Longman Richard
Published: November 2024

This article examines how prison work functions as a site where neoliberal and carceral capitalist logics are reproduced across individual, organisational and societal levels. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted in a private UK prison, we argue that confinement exacerbates prisoners’ obsession with money and predatory entrepreneurialism, reflecting and reinforcing the broader dynamics of carceral capitalism at each level. By analysing these interconnected dynamics, we demonstrate how incarceration perpetuates these logics. Furthermore, we illustrate how prison work perpetuates neoliberal exploitation, surveillance and control, hindering rehabilitation and societal reintegration. Our analysis underscores the need for a comprehensive reassessment of the Prison Industrial Complex. We conclude that rather than viewing prisoners as a captive audience for reproducing carceral capitalism, prisons should be reimagined to prioritise the humanity of those impacted by the criminal justice system and to create alternative models of accountability and social transformation.
A structured system design method based on multi-domain gradient transformation
Authors: Zhou Hongyu , Liu Siyu , Sun Chenxi , Zhang Minxiang , Chen Yexin
Published: November 2024

In contemporary product system design, addressing diverse user needs necessitates excellent adaptability to expedite the product development process. This paper adopts the concept of “domain” division within the design process as proposed by axiomatic design theory. It integrates structured methods such as the Design Structure Matrix (DSM) and Quality Function Deployment (QFD). A multi-domain gradient model is introduced to analyze the coupling between elements across domains during the design process. Initially, the correlation matrix between functional requirements and technical systems is constructed based on the QFD model. Subsequently, the DSM is utilized to establish the inter-functional coupling strength matrix based on “adjacent nodes” in a complex network. Additionally, the Multi-Domain Matrix (MDM) is employed to create a transformation matrix of part importance. Utilizing this transformation matrix, the PageRank algorithm evaluates the importance and utilization of parts, illustrating the coupling relationship between factors and the correlation of gradients. This approach aims to achieve shorter development cycles and more efficient design for product systems. Finally, the design of a model for a small, unmanned transporter for hilly orchards serves as a case study to verify the proposed method's effectiveness.
Robust estimation of lithium-ion battery state of health based on electro-thermal features and machine learning
Authors: Chen Kui , Luo Yang , Long Zhou , Li Yang , Liu Kai , Gao Guoqiang , Wu Guangning
Published: November 2024

Accurately estimating the State of Health (SOH) of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries is crucial for preventing overcharging and over-discharging, thereby extending battery lifespan. This paper presents a novel method for SOH estimation in lithium-ion batteries by leveraging electro-thermal features, a backpropagation neural network (BPNN), and a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. First, three health-related features—constant current charging time (CCCT), relative constant current charging time (RCCCT), and maximum temperature during discharge (MTT)—are extracted as indicators of SOH. The correlation between these features and the SOH is validated using Grey Relational Analysis (GRA). Next, a BP neural network is utilized to model the nonlinear relationship between the extracted features and SOH. The PSO algorithm is then employed to optimize the parameters of the BP neural network, enhancing the accuracy of the SOH estimation. The proposed method, which combines electro-thermal features with the optimized BP neural network, is validated through three independent lithium-ion battery aging experiments. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves high estimation accuracy and exhibits strong generalization performance for SOH prediction.
Reversibility of pulmonary hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus after induction immunosuppressive therapy: An inflammatory manifestation?
Authors: Luppino-Assad Ana Paula , Alves Junior Jose Leonidas , Figueiredo Neves Yuki Emily , Seguro Luciana Parente Costa , Pasoto Sandra Gofinet , Fernandes Caio Julio Cesar dos Santos , Sobral-Alves Juliana , Jardim Carlos Viana Poyares , Bonfá Eloisa , Souza Rogerio , Borba Eduardo F.
Published: November 2024

Objective

To evaluate the possible reversibility of PAH to a normopressoric state in SLE after induction immunosuppressive (IS) and predictors of response.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated all SLE-PAH patients who underwent IS therapy at our center. PAH reversion was defined as the normalization of pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), either by the presence of systolic PAP <40 mmHg on echocardiogram or mean PAP <20 mmHg on right heart catheterization (RHC). SLE patients were divided in Reversion and No-Reversion of SLE-PAH groups for comparative analysis at baseline and after IS.

Results

Among 2,074 SLE patients, 28 SLE-PAH received IS therapy (1.3%). Ten patients (35.7%) achieved SLE-PAH reversion. Demographic data, disease duration, SLEDAI-2K, and SDI Damage scores were similar between Reversion and No-Reversion of SLE-PAH groups ( p > 0.05). At baseline, Reversion of SLE-PAH had lower sPAP ( p = 0.032), lower right ventricle dilatation ( p = 0.003) and hypokinesia ( p = 0.017) frequencies on echocardiogram, and also lower BNP levels ( p = 0.041) and risk stratification score ( p = 0.014). Hemodynamic parameters were similar among groups ( p > 0.05). After IS, a significant decrease in CRP levels was identified only in Reversion of SLE-PAH ( p = 0.013), although both groups had a significant reduction in SLEDAI-2K ( p < 0.05). Both groups had significant improvement in risk stratification score ( p = 0.009 and p < 0.001) with a better survival rate in Reversion of SLE-PAH ( p = 0.047).

Conclusion

This is the first study that identified that more than one third of SLE-PAH had a complete reversion of PAH after IS therapy with a significant impact on their survival. These findings strongly support the notion of an underlying inflammatory etiology of this condition, which reinforces the use of immunosuppressive treatment for all SLE patients at PAH onset.
Starting again: National spatial planning and the quest for compact growth in Ireland
Authors: Yang Hualuoye , Redmond Declan , Williams Brendan
Published: November 2024

In 2002, the Irish Government launched the National Spatial Strategy, aimed at achieving effective national spatial planning. A lack of political support and the primacy of localism in planning and development led to its demise in 2014. However, in 2018, the government launched the new National Planning Framework, which had compact growth at its core. It is supported politically by central government, is backed by legislation and must be adhered to by the regional and local layers of government. The National Planning Framework was accompanied by planning policies which sought to increase apartment development and to loosen restrictions on urban height, thereby creating the conditions for increasing residential densities. As the National Planning Framework sets out plans to 2040 and is subject to periodic revision, this article examines initial perceptions of its contents and the prospects for its implementation. Simultaneously, the ongoing housing crisis in Ireland impacts directly on planning policies, as the government introduces major market interventions to increase supply, which can conflict or undermine existing planning policies. This research is based on a critical reading of key compact growth planning policies and is augmented by semi-structured interviews with key players in policy implementation. These interviews analyse the viewpoints of senior built environment professionals who are involved in the implementation of compact growth policies in Dublin. The results indicate the complexity and difficulty of implementing compact growth policies where there has been a legacy of urban sprawl and where the attempts at centralisation lead to tensions with local planning. Starting again is not easy.
The Handprint Initiative: Attitudes Towards the Environment in Mexican High Schools
Authors: Schramm Wendy Quetzal Morel , Salmones Pablo Andrés Ruz , Robischon Marcel
Published: November 2024

UNESCO’s new social contract for education states that we are at a turning point, facing multiple overlapping crises, and emphasizes the need to rebuild education so that it is relevant and adequate to meet today’s global challenges. According to Sustainable Development Goal 4.7, it is essential to have the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development. The Handprint Initiative was born out of this need. It is founded on the social responsibility of educators and learners to actively participate in the decision-making process of our society. The objective of this research was to present the results of a large-scale implementation of the Handprint Initiative Instrument to identify the attitudes towards the environment. A 19-item survey was used to determine five key attitudes in several high schools in Mexico City. Based on the statistical tools (including principal component analysis, Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin and others), it was possible to measure Environmental Sensitivity, Ecocentrism, Techno-hope, Eco-apathy and Eco-indifference attitudes.
Affordances in music education
Authors: Cheng Lee , Yip Joyce , Yang He Sunnie
Published: November 2024

The affordances of objects in music education, such as tablets or musical toys, necessitate a domain-specific conceptual understanding to guide perception and bodily action, extending utilitarian values toward musical and educational goals. This article explores the concept of affordances in music education and elucidates the application of various types of affordances—specifically, cognitive, educational, mental, affective, and social—in the contexts of teaching and learning music. Several characteristics of affordances in music education were observed: (1) music serves as a form of communication, enabling learners to transcend established protocols in human interactions; (2) music is intertwined with the transmission of sociocultural and aesthetic values, as evidenced by historically informed musical practices and traditions; (3) engagement in music-making nurtures learners’ creativity and personal growth, fostering experiences that can be transferable; (4) music learning reveals individuals’ emotional capacities and expressiveness; and (5) music-making entails collaborative work, facilitating the development of interpersonal relationships and the construction of a community rooted in the values of equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI). Practical recommendations for enhancing affordances in music education can heighten its awareness to music educators and foster explicit learning design in the development of educational tools. These suggestions have the potential to unlock possibilities that may otherwise remain unrealized.
Time taken to reach treatment for eating disorders in New Zealand
Authors: Lawson Rachel , Watterson Roma , Kennedy Martin A , Bulik Cynthia M , Jordan Jennifer
Published: November 2024

Objective

The significant cost burden of eating disorders (EDs) could be lessened with quicker access to treatment. Little is known about the time it takes to reach treatment. We aimed to examine the time to access treatment in New Zealand.

Method

468 respondents of the Costs of Eating Disorders online survey provided data including demographics; diagnoses; treatment journey, length of time to seek help; time to diagnosis after seeking help; GP referral to a specialist after diagnosis; and waiting time to see an EDs specialist.

Results

Half the sample took more than a year to seek help. Those with bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge-eating disorder (BED) took significantly longer to seek help than those with anorexia nervosa and Other EDs. Once participants sought help, half the sample was diagnosed within 1 week. GPs referred most participants to an EDs specialist. Of those placed on a waiting list to see an EDs specialist, just under half were seen within 6 weeks, with no significant differences by diagnosis in waiting time.

Conclusions

Improving the acceptability of seeking help, particularly in those with BN and BED, early recognition of symptoms, and improving treatment pathways are key to minimising longer term impacts.
Balancing Resilience and Efficiency: A Literature Review on Overcoming Supply Chain Disruptions
Authors: Lücker Florian , Timonina-Farkas Anna , Seifert Ralf W
Published: November 2024

The supply chain risk management literature differentiates between disruption risk that arises from supply disruptions to normal activities and recurrent risk that arises from problems in coordinating supply and demand in the absence of disruptions. Over the past decades, significant research has been carried out to better understand supply chain resilience, that is, the ability of a supply chain to mitigate disruptions. Supply chain efficiency, that is, the ability to mitigate recurrent risks in the absence of disruptions has been studied even longer. But only recently have the topics of efficiency and resilience been coupled in the supply chain literature. In this literature review, we focus on the intersection of supply chain resilience and supply chain efficiency. We provide a thematic overview of literature streams according to the structure of the underlying supply chains. We identify various gaps in the current literature including areas in multi-echelon and multi-product supply chain research. Furthermore, we consider dual-purpose and dedicated levers for building resilience. Dual-purpose levers are resources that are able to promote efficiency in a supply chain while enhancing resilience in expectation. By contrast, dedicated resilience levers are resources that are able to guarantee the resilience of a supply chain in the face of particular disruptions without benefiting the supply chain in the absence of disruptions. We call for more research to better understand the value of dual-purpose and dedicated resilience levers to overall supply chain performance.
Subchondral Bone Degeneration and Pathology 3-15 Years Following Ankle Sprain Injury in Adolescent Sport
Authors: Bott Kirsten N. , Kuczynski Michael T. , Owoeye Oluwatoyosi B. A. , Jaremko Jacob L. , Roach Koren E. , Galarneau Jean-Michel , Emery Carolyn A. , Manske Sarah L.
Published: November 2024

Background:

Sport-related ankle sprains (SASs) are prevalent in adolescents (ages 10-19), increasing the risk of developing posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Although early ankle osteoarthritis (OA) is not well defined, OA eventually includes alterations in bone mineral density (BMD), structural changes, and soft tissue pathology. This study examined the impact of SAS sustained in adolescent sport on bone and soft tissue structural outcomes 3-15 years postinjury.

Methods:

Participants (n = 10) with prior unilateral SAS in adolescent sport (HxAI) were compared to age- and sex-matched controls. To assess injury-related pathologies and BMD, 1.5-tesla (T) extremity magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography scans were used. Semiquantitative scores for injury patterns and OA features from MRI scans were summed and compared between groups. The talus, calcaneus, navicular, and 5% distal tibia were segmented, and BMD was measured for each bone.

Results:

All HxAI participants exhibited MRI injury pathology (median 2; IQR 1-6), whereas only 1 of 10 controls showed pathology (median 0; IQR 0-0), χ2(1, n = 20) = 16.36, P < .001. Both the injured and uninjured ankles in HxAI displayed injury pattern pathology. Additionally, 3 of 10 injured ankles and 2 of 10 uninjured ankles in the HxAI group (median 0; IQR 0-3), but none of the controls (median 0; IQR 0-0), exhibited OA features. In the HxAI group, talus BMD was lower in the injured ankle (502.4 ± 67.9 g/cm3) compared with the uninjured ankle (515.6 ± 70.1 g/cm3) ( F = 13.33, P = .002), with no significant BMD differences at the calcaneus, navicular, or 5% distal tibia. No differences were observed between the ankles of the control group.

Conclusion:

The presence of injury pattern pathology, structural changes, and reduced talus BMD suggest that degenerative changes may occur in individuals as early as 3-15 years following ankle injury.
Exploring Learning Paths: Understanding the Learning Strategies of Artificial Intelligence System Users and Their Involvement in Social Forums
Authors: Mamun Tauseef Ibne , Mueller Shane T.
Published: November 2024

In the last decade, there has been a significant increase in the use of commercial semi-autonomous vehicles by consumers. This has led to a surge in concerns among users about the limitations of these systems, especially when it comes to safety. In order to address these concerns, users often seek out diverse educational resources to comprehend these constraints, explore alternatives, and determine whether their experiences are representative. This paper examines the viewpoints of users who are using a new AI system that has received minimal training from the vendor. We conducted interviews of the users of the AI to examine the many sources from which users obtain knowledge and developed a learning technology-based framework that utilizes technology to disseminate knowledge among users of the AI.
Comparing Human to Analytic Performance on Detecting, Attributing, and Characterizing Manipulated Media
Authors: Naber Andrew M. , Cassani Laura , Cook James , Bautista Peter , Fortier Lauren
Published: November 2024

Emerging digital technologies and the ubiquity of social media have accelerated the spread of manipulated media, which includes the deliberate alteration of audio-visual content to mislead or influence public opinion. This study compares human and analytical approaches to detect, attribute, and characterize manipulated media across diverse platforms. As part of the Semantic Forensics (SemaFor) program, we assessed human baseline performance against advanced analytics in tasks involving text and image manipulations within news articles. Results indicate that while analytics excel in detecting and localizing manipulations, human performance remains vital for handling nuanced or context-heavy tasks. This research underscores the need for combining human expertise with technological solutions to effectively counteract media manipulation threats.
Patient-Perceived Benefits and Limitations of Standard of Care Remote Symptom Monitoring During Cancer Treatment
Authors: Smith Catherine S. , Henderson Nicole L. , Hendrix Emma K. , Padalkar Tanvi , Huang Chao-Hui Sylvia , Dent D’Ambra N. , Ingram Stacey A. , McGowan Chelsea , Odom J. Nicholas , Kaufmann Tara , Weiner Bryan , Howell Doris , Stover Angela M. , Basch Ethan , Pierce Jennifer Young , Rocque Gabrielle B.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Remote symptom monitoring (RSM) allows patients to electronically self-report symptoms to their healthcare team for individual management. Clinical trials have demonstrated overarching benefits; however, little is known regarding patient-perceived benefits and limitations of RSM programs used during patient care.

Methods

This prospective qualitative study from December 2021 to May 2023 included patients with cancer participating in standard-of-care RSM at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) in Birmingham, AL, and the Univeristy of South Alabama (USA) Health Mitchell Cancer Institute (MCI) in Mobile, AL. Semi-structured interviews focused on patient experiences with and perceptions surrounding RSM participation. Interviews occurred over the phone, via digital videoconference, or in person, at the convenience of the patient. Grounded theory was used to conduct content coding and identify recurring themes and exemplary quotes using NVivo.

Results

Forty patients (20 UAB, 20 MCI) were interviewed. Participants were predominately female (87.5%), aged 41-65 (50%), and married (57.5%). Data is consistent with local demographics, comprising mainly White (72.5%) and 27.5% Black individuals. Three main themes emerged regarding perceived benefits of RSM: (1) Facilitation of Proactive Management, identifying the patient’s needs and intervening earlier to alleviate symptom burden; (2) Promotion of Symptom Self-Management, providing patients autonomy in their cancer care; and (3) Improvement in Patient-Healthcare Provider Relationships, fostering genuine connections based on healthcare team’s responses. However, participants also noted Perceived Limitations of RSM; particularly when support of symptom management was unnecessary, ineffective, or felt impersonal.

Conclusion

This study focused on patient experiences when utilizing a RSM program while undergoing treatment for cancer and found benefits to its implementation that extended beyond symptom management. At the same time, patients noted drawbacks experienced during RSM, which can help with future tailoring of RSM programs. Patient perceptions should be regularly assessed and highlighted for successful and sustained implementation.
The Visibility of Women Experts in the Chilean Press During COVID-19
Authors: Vernal-Vilicic Teresa , Reyes-Betanzo Claudia
Published: November 2024

Few studies at the Ibero-American level have delved into the gender gaps present in expert and academic sources in the media. Therefore, through a media content analysis, 1,069 news items related to COVID-19 from three Chilean newspapers were analyzed, and 2,844 primary and secondary sources were identified, of which the minority were women. Therefore, in line with the objective of this study, low visibility of Chilean academics, experts, and politicians as predominant sources during the pandemic was observed, although positive advances in the use of feminine names to refer to them were identified.
Computational integration and experimental validation of a two-length scale model for accurate prediction of steels’ plastic behavior during phase transformation
Authors: Enakoutsa Koffi , Bills Yanni L
Published: November 2024

Transformation plasticity, essential during solid–solid phase transitions, significantly impacts industrial processes like welding and quenching. Accurately simulating these procedures necessitates understanding thermal, metallurgical, and mechanical effects. Leblond et al.’s model offers a foundation, but refinement for mixed isotropic/kinematic hardening is crucial. We enhance this model by introducing characteristic length scales through nonlocal variables, illuminating plastic deformation mechanisms in both phases. Our work includes numerical implementation within a finite element analysis framework and practical applications to phase transformation scenarios involving A.508 cl. 3 and A533 low-alloy steels. Results affirm model robustness and efficiency in predicting phase transformation phenomena, benefiting industrial applications.
Detecting the Tumor Prognostic Factors From the YTH Domain Family Through Integrative Pan-Cancer Analysis
Authors: Zhu Chong-ying , Yang Qi-wei , Mu Xin-yue , Zhai Yan-yu , Zhao Wen-yan , Yin Zuo-jing
Published: November 2024

Objectives:

Emerging evidence suggests that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation plays a critical role in cancers through various mechanisms. This work aims to reveal the essential role of m6A methylation “readers” in regulation of cancer prognosis at the pan-cancer level.

Methods:

Herein, we focused on one special protein family of the “readers” of m6A methylation, YT521-B homology (YTH) domain family genes, which were observed to be frequently dysregulated in tumor tissues and closely associated with cancer prognosis. Then, a comprehensive analysis of modulation in cancer prognosis was conducted by integrating RNA sequencing (RNAseq) datasets of YTH family genes and clinical information at the pan-cancer level.

Results:

YTH family genes were significantly differentially expressed in most of the cancers, particularly increased in Gastrointestinal cancers, and decreased in Endocrine and Urologic cancers. In addition, they were observed to be associated with overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) with various extent, especially in lower grade glioma (LGG), thyroid cancer (THCA), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) and kidney clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), so were some “writers” (METLL3, METLL14, WTAP) and “erasers” (FTO, ALKBH5). Further survival analysis illustrated that YTH family genes specifically YTHScore constructed by combining 5 YTH family genes, as well as RWEScore calculated by combining genes from “readers”-“writers”-“erasers” could dramatically distinguish tumor prognosis in 4 representative cancers. As expected, YTHScore presented an equally comparable prognostic classification with RWEScore. Finally, analysis of immune signatures and clinical characteristics implied that, the activity of the innate immune, diagnostic age, clinical stage, Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage and immune types, might play specific roles in modulating tumor prognosis.

Conclusions:

The study demonstrated that YTH family genes had the potential to predict tumor prognosis, in which the YTHScore illustrated equal ability to predict tumor prognosis compared to RWEScore, thus providing insights into prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets at the pan-cancer level.
Platelet-Rich Plasma Inhibits Breast Cancer Proliferation
Authors: Han Chao , Chen Caiping , Lu Ning , Xue Li , Xing Dan , Wu Wanxin , Li Wang , Lu Xiang
Published: November 2024

Background:

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) helps promote wound healing, but it is unclear whether it stimulates breast cancer cell proliferation, which restricts its application in breast cancer patients. This article explored the effect of PRP on breast cancer cell proliferation through preclinical experiments.

Method:

We cultivated MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with PRP in vitro. Subsequently, we employed Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays to assess their proliferation ability, wound healing assays to evaluate their migration ability, and Transwell assays to detect their invasion ability. Mouse breast cancer 4T1 cells were subcutaneously inoculated into nude mice. After tumor formation, PRP was injected around each tumor. Tumor size was measured. After 15 days, the tumors were surgically removed. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect key proteins involved in proliferation and apoptosis.

Results:

PRP inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MDA-MB-231 in vitro. After PRP was injected around tumors in nude mice, tumor growth slowed, Ki67 and phospho-histone H3 (pHH3) expression decreased, and Caspase 3 and Poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) expression increased.

Conclusion:

The PRP inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells.
Tourist mobility packages in an island mass tourism destination: Exploring preferences heterogeneity and willingness-to-pay
Authors: González Rosa Marina , Román Concepción , Martín Juan Carlos , Nieto-González Imanol L
Published: November 2024

Ensuring a sustainable and efficient transportation system meeting visitor mobility needs is paramount for mass tourist destinations. Recognising this challenge, some destinations are embracing Mobility as a Service (MaaS) solutions as a strategy to create a more sustainable transportation system for tourists. This study uses a discrete choice experiment to analyse tourists’ preferences and willingness to pay for MaaS packages in two well-known municipalities of the Canary Islands, one of Europe’s premier mass tourism destinations. The empirical evidence of taste heterogeneity revealed by the analysis indicates that a one-size-fits-all solution is inadequate. Therefore, the development of mobility packages must be tailored to the specific needs of distinct tourist segments. This approach caters to individual preferences and maximises the perceived value for each tourist segment, promoting the adoption of sustainable transportation options.
Bridging the Divide Between Structural and Actor-Oriented Explanations of Populism: A Research Agenda for the Study of Populist Euroscepticism Through a Territorial Perspective
Authors: Dunin-Wąsowicz Roch , Crăciun Claudiu , Olivas Osuna José Javier , Rammelt Henry P.
Published: November 2024

This article explores the intersection of structural and actor-oriented explanations of populism through a territorial perspective, focusing on populist Euroscepticism. It builds on findings from the ‘Local Mobilisation Against the EU. Territorial Dimensions of Populist Euroscepticism’ (EULOC) project, which examined local drivers and manifestations of populism and Euroscepticism across Europe. The article highlights the importance of analysing both the supply and demand sides of populist Euroscepticism, emphasising the role of geographic inequalities, local socio-economic trajectories and collective identities. By integrating national, regional and local case studies, the article aims to bridge the divide between structural and actor-oriented approaches, offering a more comprehensive understanding of populist Euroscepticism. This approach seeks to prevent reductionist arguments and contributes to broader discussions on political participation, representation and the dynamics of populist movements in Europe. The article underscores the need for nuanced, multi-layered research that considers the unique socio-political dynamics of different regions and the impact of local contexts on the development of Eurosceptic sentiments.
Searching for Equity: Strategies for Enhancing Racial/Ethnic Diversity in Applicant Pools for Public Health Faculty Searches
Authors: Polston Patsy M. , Kowitt Sarah D. , Baron Deborah , Armora Langoni Eliana G. , Muessig Kathryn E. , Gilkey Melissa B.
Published: November 2024

Low racial/ethnic diversity among public health academics undermines our research, teaching, and practice. One important step for addressing this problem is to increase the diversity of applicant pools for open faculty positions. In this commentary, we share our experience conducting a tenure-track faculty search at a large public university. Through consultation with leaders within and beyond our school, we identified strategies to maintain a diverse pool of applicants across the search process. These strategies were to (a) convene and train well-rounded teams, including equity advocates, (b) write and advertise job announcements to welcome diverse applicants, (c) set and monitor data-informed diversity goals, and (d) evaluate applicants equitably. For each strategy, we share available data and resources. Although much work remains, search committees can benefit from emerging best practices in hiring to recruit applicants who better reflect the vibrant diversity of the students and communities that public health seeks to serve.
Warp yarn tension coupling models and fuzzy PID control for enhancing warp beam unwinding tension stability in sizing machines
Authors: Tu Li , Guo Mingrui , Wang Jingan , Gao Weidong
Published: November 2024

The coupling model between unwinding tension and various factors is crucial for understanding warp beam unwinding characteristics and designing tension control systems. However, currently established models are simple and fail to reflect the complexity of the actual unwinding process. Additionally, the traditional unified PID control method for multiple warp beams is difficult to ensure stable unwinding tension for single warp beam, negatively impacting the quality and efficiency of the sizing process. To address these issues, coupling models between tension, radius, speed, turns and air pressure during the warp beam unwinding process were established and validated using constructed detection devices. Experimental results showed that the four types of measured warp beams fit the three coupling models with [Formula: see text] values exceeding 90%, confirming the accuracy of these models. Subsequently, a novel fuzzy adaptive PID control system for single warp beam unwinding tension was proposed based on these models. Unlike traditional methods that measure tension directly, the system utilizes unwinding turns detection device to monitor the real-time changes. Simulation results confirmed that the proposed system maintains constant tension under different reference tensions and unwinding radius. Compared to traditional PID control, it significantly reduces tension fluctuation, with reductions of 64.49% under different speed step disturbances and 23.66% under noise disturbances. The validated models and proposed tension control system in this paper provide a solid theoretical foundation and practical guidance for optimizing the new generation of sizing machines.
The Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Quality of Life and Incidence of Chemotherapy Side Effects in Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Klavina Aija , Ceseiko Rudolfs , Campa Martins , Jermolenko Greta Franceska , Eglitis Kristaps , Llorente Alicia , Linē Aija
Published: November 2024

Women with breast cancer (BC) experience multiple symptoms related to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) treatment that impair their functioning and quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to explore the effect of high-intensity aerobic interval training (HIIT) on quality of life and NAC side effects in women with BC. Methods: 56 patients (48.56 (7.84) years, range 35-64 years) diagnosed locally advanced (stage II-III) ER + BC receiving doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide-based NAC were randomly assigned to the HIIT group and a control group (CG) for 6 months. The HIIT group performed 2 to 3 HIIT sessions per week according to the study protocol (4 × 4 minutes at 85%-95% peak heart rate (HR)). The CG followed the standard of care instructions by the oncologists. To assess the QoL participants completed the EORTC QLQ-C30 with the additional BC module of QLQ BR-23. Weekly self-reports on NAC side effects were collected through online survey. Results: Study data were analyzed for 37 participants (nHIIT = 17, nCON = 20) who reported at least 14 (60%) weeks. HIIT was effective to reduce BC symptom scale outcomes (ES = 0.113, P = .048), and alleviate systemic therapy side effects (ES = 0.154, P = .020) and cancer related symptoms (ES = 0.124, P = .038). The most common side effect participants experienced at least 1 to 4 days/week was pain (average 50.9% and 56.8% for HIIT and CG, respectively), followed by sleep disturbances (average 50.9% and 49.9%, respectively). About 31% in both groups experienced sleep disturbances 5 to 7 days/week. The NAC induced physical, social and fatigue side effects had significantly lower incidence in HIIT group, while psychological side effects were significantly more common in training group. Conclusions: HIIT is an effective physical exercise program to maintain higher quality of life and help to reduce some of NAC induced side effects for women with BC.