bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
D-dimer negative pulmonary embolism
Authors: M. Dhananjaya , Meti Kirankumar , Parakh Rajendrakumar
Published: March 2018

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE), is one of the major cardiovascular causes of death. Pulmonary embolus (PE) can be fatal but is often treatable if recognized early. Unfortunately, the clinical presentation of PE is often variable and misleading mimicking other illnesses and hence known as "the Great Masquerader," making diagnosis difficult. The D-dimer assay has recently come into favour as a method to exclude PE; however, this test has an acceptable safety margin only in low-risk populations.Methods: Present study included 35 patients with clinical suspicion of pulmonary embolism admitted at the tertiary care hospital of North Karnataka during the period from October 2016 to September 2017. Patients were classified according to final diagnosis by CT Pulmonary Angiography into 28 cases positive for PE (80%) and 7 cases negative for PE (20%).Results: Present study included 35 cases suspected to have PE (26 males and 9 females). Their age ranged from 33 to 72 years, with a mean age 48.9 ±14.2 years. 28 cases positive for PE (80%) and 7 cases negative for PE (20%). The mean age of positive and negative PE cases was 48.1±11.2 and 46.4±8.8 respectively. Results of D-dimer test were positive in 10 cases (35.7%) and were negative in 18 cases (61.3 %) of PE.Conclusions: This report highlights the risk of misdiagnosing PE if relying solely on ELISA D-dimer for exclusion. This report documents the presentation of PE despite having unremarkable ELISA D-dimer measurements and highlights the importance of clinical suspicion.
Pattern and incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia among mechanically ventilated patients
Authors: Dube Mukesh , Goswami Shraddha , Singh Abhishek , Raju Bhavani Mohan , Dube Pradip , Bhatia G. C.
Published: March 2018

Background: Initial empirical therapy of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), which is based on organisms recovered, can be modified based on the knowledge of local microbiological data, patient characteristics, and sensitivity pattern of expected pathogens at the institution. Aim of this study was conducted to observe the regional the incidence of VAP among mechanically ventilated patients.Methods: All the patients who conformed to the inclusion criteria of the study, and who were in the ICU settings and put on ventilatory support, underwent vigorous aseptic precautions and later on developed VAP were taken into the study.Results: Total 374 admitted patients were needed mechanically ventilation. Among 31 developed LRTI. The Overall incidence rate of VAP was computed to be 8.2% with highest rate among patients of age group 31-50 years. The incidence rates of VAP were found highest for Acinetobacter (54.8%) with second highest mortality (47%) whereas maximum mortality (66.66%) was caused by Klebsiella, the second most common incidence of VAP. Twenty-one patients developed early VAP whereas remaining 10 subjects developed late VAP. Mortality was higher between early VAP (57.14%) compared to the late VAP cases (30%). Majority of organisms were sensitive to Cefoperazone + Sulbactum (29), Imipenem (24) and Meropenem (22).Conclusions: Despite advances in diagnostic and treatment modalities of VAP, its management still continues to be a challenge for clinicians. The findings emerging out of this investigation will help in initial selection of antibiotics for the empiric treatment of VAP. Later on, therapy can be modified based on the knowledge of pattern and profile of VAP patients along with sensitivity pattern of expected pathogens.
Diaphragmatic dysfunction: an unusual complication in HELLP syndrome
Authors: Sharma Manoj Kumar
Published: March 2018

Diaphragmatic dysfunction in HELLP [hemolysis (H), elevated liver enzymes (EL), low platelet count (LP)] Syndrome and Diaphragmatic dysfunction is an uncommonly reported association, wherein, patients who develop acute respiratory insufficiency poses a delay in weaning without any obvious cause. A high degree of clinical suspicion of sepsis induced diaphragmatic dysfunction needs to be kept in mind by the clinicians dealing with cases of HELLP Syndrome who may develop acute respiratory insufficiency without definite predisposing factors.
Sudden cardiac arrest during spinal anaesthesia in a case of vaginal hysterectomy: a case report
Authors: Sharma Manoj Kumar
Published: March 2018

Spinal anesthesia is an important and commonly practiced anesthetic technique by the anaesthesiologists worldwide. Though being considered a safe technique, it is not devoid of fatal complications and cardiopulmonary arrest (cardiac arrest) being the most serious among all.  Cardiac arrest during spinal anaesthesia is a multi-factorial outcome, but vagal response to decreased preload often plays a key role. Common practice of preloading with IV fluid is suggested to not to be omitted before initiating spinal anaesthesia. If the situation warrants emergent, stepwise escalated resuscitative measures for treatment of bradycardia need to be instituted. A close supervision of the patients clinical parameter during spinal anaesthesia is a mandatory requirement to avert any untoward complication in such patients. In case of severe bradycardia or cardiac arrest, full resuscitative measures need to be promptly instituted.
The Body of Mary: Embodiment and Identity in Modern Apparitions
Authors: Krebs Jill M.
Published: March 2018

In modern Marian apparitions, Mary’s material presence is evoked for believers, who negotiate religious and other identities around her maternal figure. My contention, drawing from material theories of religion and postcolonial theories, and based on ethnographic fieldwork at one apparition site in addition to social scientific literature, is that Roman Catholic devotees of Mary negotiate identities along three trajectories. First, apparitions offer sites for individuals to articulate ethnic and national identities through devotional practices. Second, individuals bring apparitional messages and interpretations to bear on contemporary political concerns. Finally, sites afford opportunities for devotees to foster relationships with Mary as agent. Material and postcolonial theories illustrate how embodiment and presence inform devotees’ identities as children of Mary.
Effects of Chemical Fruit Thinning on Oil Yield and Quality in ‘Gemlik’ Olive (Olea europaea L.)
Authors: İsfendiyaroğlu Murat , Çigdem Zekeriya , Özeker Elmas
Published: March 2018

‘Gemlik’
olive variety started to be grown in many areas of Turkey in recent years. ‘Gemlik’ is mainly a black
table variety, but it is processed to oil in many areas.  So chemical fruit thinning may be useful to
control alternate bearing and standardization of the fruit and consequently the
oil quality. In this work, predicting the effects of chemical fruit thinning by
potassium salt of naphtaleneacetic acid (NAA-K) on oil yield and quality in ‘Gemlik’,
which is one of the prominent olive variety of Turkey was aimed. Results showed
that NAA applications decreased the oil acidity levels in the first year (off
year). In the second year (on year), NAA sprayings at 100 and 120 ppm increased
the oil acidity up to 1.75 % while 150 ppm decreased the acidity value to 0.36
%. 180 ppm NAA significantly augmented the oil content of olive fruits
particularly in “on year” and gave rise to 22 and 48 % increments in oil rates successively
on fresh and dry matter basis compared to control.
Narın Hasat Sonrası Hastalıklarına Karşı Hava İle Ön Soğutma ve Ozon Uygulamalarının Etkisi
Authors: İLHAN Kadir
Published: March 2018

Bu çalışmada,
gaz halinde uygulanan ozonun ön soğutma yapılan ve yapılmayan “Hicaznar” nar çeşidi
meyvelerinin hasat sonrası hastalıklarına karşı etkisi araştırılmıştır. Hasat
edilen nar meyveleri 2 gruba ayrılarak yarısına 20 saat süre ile ön soğutma
yapılmış (ÖS+), diğer yarısına ise ön soğutma yapılmamış (ÖS-)’tır. Hasattan 20
saat sonra ozon gazı uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Gaz halindeki ozon nar
meyvelerine hava sızdırmaz polietilenden oluşturulan kapalı bir hacimde uygulanmıştır.
Uygulama yapılan meyveler ticari modifiye atmosfer paketler içerisinde 6ºC’de
%90-95 oransal nemde, 60 ve 120 gün süre ile muhafaza edilmişlerdir. Birbirini
tekrar eden iki nar sezonu içerisinde denemeler yürütülmüştür. Her iki
denemenin 60 ve 120 gün süren muhafazalarında, ÖS+ ve OS- meyvelere ozon
gazının 4200, 5000 ve 8100 CxT (konsantrasyon (ppm) X süre (sn)) dozundaki
uygulamaları genel olarak meyve çürüme yüzdesi (MÇY)’ni azaltmış ancak
meyvelerde sırası ile zayıf (1), orta (2) ve şiddetli (3) şeklinde değişen
fitotoksisite görülmüştür. Her iki denemenin 120 gün muhafaza edilen ÖS+
meyvelerinde, ozon gazının 3500 CxT uygulamasının fitotoksisite görülmeksizin MÇY’ni
kontrole göre önemli düzeyde azalttığı belirlenmiştir. Her iki denemenin her
iki muhafaza döneminde de ÖS+ meyvelerde, ÖS- meyvelere göre daha düşük ozon
gazı dozlarının MÇY’ni kontrole göre önemli düzeyde azalttığı bulunmuştur. Bu
sonuç ön soğutma yapılmasının uygulamaların etkinliğini artırdığını
göstermiştir. Ayrıca genel olarak tüm ozon gazı dozlarının meyve kaliksi içinde
bulunan mikroorganizma populasyonunu önemli düzeyde azalttığı tespit
edilmiştir.
Performances of ‘Okıtsu’ and ‘Clausellına’ Satsuma Mandarıns on Dıfferent Rootstocks in Eastern Medıterranean of Turkey
Authors: YILDIZ Ercan , KAPLANKIRAN Mustafa
Published: March 2018

The experiment was
installed in Dörtyol, Turkey with the aim of evaluating the effects of the
rootstocks of sour orange, Carrizo and Troyer citranges on plant growth,
yield and fruit quality of 'Okitsu' and 'Clausellina' Satsuma mandarins (Citrus
unshiu Marc.).
'Okitsu' Satsuma trees had the highest cumulative yield on Carrizo and Troyer
citranges. Plants of this cultivar on sour orange had significant higher yield efficiency than trees on the other rootstocks.
While 'Clausellina'
Satsuma trees budded on Carrizo citrange had higher cumulative yield, yield efficiency of this cultivar had higher on Troyer citrange. The larger trees of 'Clausellina' Satsuma were those on Carrizo citrange, although canopy growth of 'Okitsu' Satsuma tress budded on Carrizo and Troyer
citranges were similar. Fruit weight was highest in fruits of both 'Okitsu'
and 'Clausellina' Satsuma cultivars budded on sour orange. The rind thickness
and total soluble solids (TSS) of both cultivars were not affected by the
rootstocks. The fruits of 'Okitsu' Satsuma trees on Carrizo citrange had higher
juice content and high TSS:titratable acidity (TA) ratios were observed in
fruits of 'Clausellina' Satsuma trees on Carrizo citrange. Instead of sour
orange, Troyer citrange is suitable rootstocks for 'Clausellina' Satsuma,
whereas both rootstocks evaluated are adequate for 'Okitsu' Satsuma.
3D Finite Element analysis of Laser Surface Glazing to Investigate Temperature Effects on Surface of Ti64 Alloy
Authors: Kabir Israt Rumana , Yin Danqing , Tamanna Nusrat , Naher Sumsun
Published: March 2018

Ti64 alloy plays a significant role in the biomedical applications such as bioimplants for its excellent biocompatibility. Its usage can be further extended by improving the surface hardness and wear resistance. In this respect, laser surface glazing (LSG), an advanced surface modification technique, is very useful which can produce thin hardened surface layer and strong metallurgical bonding. Investigation of temporal and spatial temperature distributions of laser glazed surface of materials are essential because temperature plays significant role in achieving required surface properties. Therefore, in this study, a 3D Finite element analysis has been developed to perform transient thermal analysis of LSG for Ti64 alloy. The model investigated temperature distribution, depth of modified zone and heating and cooling. The results show that the peak temperature is attained 2095 K for 300 W laser power, 0.2 mm beam width and 0.15 ms residence time. Since this temperature is above the melting point (1933 K) of Ti64 alloy, the melt depth is calculated 22.5 μm. Furthermore, from the simulation results, the average heating and cooling rates are estimated 1.19×107 Ks-1 and 2.71×106 Ks-1 respectively which indicate the presence of hard phases in the modified zone.
A Novel Design Framework for Structures/Materials with Enhanced Mechanical Performances
Authors: Liu Jie , Fan Xiaonan , Wen Guilin , Qing Qixiang , Wang Hongxin , Zhao Gang
Published: March 2018

Structure/material requires simultaneous consideration of both its design and manufacturing processes to dramatically enhance its manufacturability, assembly and maintainability. In this work, we present a novel design framework for structure/material with requested mechanical performances in virtue of the compelling properties of topological design and origami techniques. The framework comprises four procedures, including topological design, unfold, reduction manufacturing, and fold. Topological design method, i.e. Solid Isotropic Material Penalization (SIMP) method, serves to optimize the structure to achieve preferred mechanical characteristics and origami technique is exploited to make the structure rapidly and easily fabricated. Topological design and unfold procedures can be conveniently completed in a computer; then, reduction manufacturing, i.e. cutting, is performed to remove materials from the unfolded flat plate; the final structure is finally obtained by folding the plate of the previous procedure. A series of cantilevers, consisting of origami with parallel creases and Miura-ori (usually regarded as a metamaterial), made of paperboard are designed with least weight and required stiffness by using the proposed framework. The findings here furnish an alternative design framework for engineering structures which could be better than 3D printing technique, especially for large structures made of thin metal materials.
Rising Trends of Prescription Opioid Sales in Contemporary Brazil, 2009–2015
Authors: Krawczyk Noa , Greene M. Claire , Zorzanelli Rafaela , Bastos Francisco I.
Published: March 2018

Objectives. To present and discuss recent patterns of prescription opioid sales throughout Brazil.

Methods. We graphed linear trends of opioid prescriptions sold from registered pharmacies across Brazil from 2009 to 2015. We then calculated the change in rate of prescriptions sold per 1000 persons in 2015 compared with 2009.

Results. Opioid sales increased across Brazil from 1 601 043 prescriptions in 2009 to 9 045 945 prescriptions in 2015, corresponding to a 465% increase in 6 years. The largest absolute increase was for codeine products (rate ratio (RR) = 5.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.29, 5.31), accounting for more than 98% of prescriptions in both years. Oxycodone had the largest relative increase (RR = 11.39; 95% CI = 11.19, 11.59), and fentanyl products had the smallest absolute and relative increase (RR = 2.91; 95% CI = 2.78, 3.03).

Conclusions. Given rapid increases in opioid sales across Brazil, it is critical to introduce effective prescribing and monitoring methods that allow patients to access necessary medications without escalating risk of opioid misuse and related consequences. Careful surveillance of supply and subsequent outcomes are needed to prevent the development of another devastating opioid epidemic in the Americas.
La sangre que esconde el cuerpo: la subversión del deseo en el cine francés contemporáneo
Authors: Vilaró i Moncasí Arnau
Published: March 2018

Desde principios de este siglo el cine francés se siente interesado por un singular universo narrativo en el que, por una parte, los nuevos relatos testimonian un interés por la sexualidad y la intimidad del cuerpo y, por otra, esos mismos cuerpos están dispuestos a aceptar el sacrificio, la violación o la muerte a cambio del deseo. A través del análisi de numerosas películas, este artículo se propone demostrar que la tendancia de las nuevas generaciones surge de la transferencia de un deseo fraguado en el ámbito del realismo y que emigra hacia lo fantástico. Esta transferencia supone una inversión de los códigos de la tradición francesa, al tiempo que responde a la misma reflexión que la Nouvelle Vague hace sobre la imagen, concebida como un viaje, una búsqueda del Otro.
Pemodelan Pengukuran Luas Panen Padi Nasional Menggunakan Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic Model (GARCH)
Authors: Iqbal Teuku Achmad , Sadik Kusman , Sumertajaya I Made
Published: March 2018

This study was aimed to build a model for the estimation of national harvested area of rice by incorporating element of variant heterogeneity and the influence of asymmetry factors on time series data using five types of GARCH models, namely: symmetric GARCH, exponential asymmetric GARCH, quadratic asymmetric GARCH, Threshold GARCH, and non-linear asymmetric GARCH. Those models were compared and evaluated, and then the best model was used to predict the accuracy of the national rice harvested area. The results showed that two types of GARCH had significant coefficient, indicating the validity of the model. Those models were symmetric GARCH and quadratic GARCH models. Based on the value of mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for the twelve month periods ahead, quadratic GARCH model was better than the symmetric GARCH model. Furthermore, based on the value of mean absolute deviation (MAD) and mean square error (MSE), quadratic GARCH model also seemed to be a better model than symmetric GARCH model. The best model can be used to predict the harvested area in the subsequent year.
Penyebaran Varietas Unggul Kedelai dan Dampaknya terhadap Ekonomi Perdesaan
Authors: Krisdiana Ruly
Published: March 2018

Improved soybean varieties are generally possessing high yield, resistant to major pests and diseases, and carrying other important properties. Until 2013 more than 70 improved varieties had been released, but not all are planted by farmers. The present research objectives were: (1) to identify the distribution and farmers preferences of improved soybean varieties, (2) to identify the adoption barrier of new soybean varieties, and (3) to estimate the economic contribution of the new soybean varieties. The study was conducted on soybean production centers in Indonesia, covering East Java, Central Java, West Nusa Tenggara, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, West Java, and South Sulawesi. The research was carried out using survey method, where samples of farmers were used as sources of the primary data. There were total of 600 farmer respondents. Analyses of the data applied the tabulation analysis, principal components analyses, and contributions analyses. The results showed that soybean varieties most widely adopted by farmers in order of the highest were: Anjasmoro (32.1% farmer users, covering area of 190,567 ha), Willis (17.9% farmer users, area of 93,187 ha), Mahameru (9.1% farmer users, area of 78,190 ha), Grobogan (11.2% farmer users, area of 71,576 ha). Farmer’s preferences to soybean variety, included the following characters: flowering at 35-40 days after planting, harvesting 70-75 days after planting, stem with many branches, yellow seed coat color, round seed shape, large seed size, and the grains sold easily. The reason of varieties was not being adopted by farmers include: unavailability of seeds at planting time, seed size was too small, seed price is too expensive, and the distance from farmers’ home to the seed kiosk was too far away. The economic contribution of improve soybean varieties was as followed: Anjasmoro (Rp 1.3 trillion), Mahameru (Rp 0.61 trillion), Grobogan (Rp 0.61 trillion), Willis (Rp 0.56 trillion), Baluran (Rp 0.25 trillion), while the other improved varieties (Argomulyo, Bromo, Orba, Kipas Merah, Galunggung, Kipas Putih, Davros, Gepak kuning, Gepak Hijau, Malabar, Burangrang, Mitani, Kaba, Lokon, Sinabung) each contributed to the rural economy in a total of Rp 0.57 trillion. The total economic contribution of all improved soybean varieties was estimated at Rp 3.9 trillion.
Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca dan Hasil Gabah dari Tiga Varietas Padi pada Lahan Sawah Tadah Hujan Bersurjan
Authors: Mulyadi Mulyadi , Wihardjaka A.
Published: March 2018

The alternating dry and flooded bedding system (Surjan) optimizes land availability, by integrating food crop culture in the lower bed and annual crops in the upper bed position, of the rainfed rice field. Rainfed rice productivity is generally low, to increase its productivity rice culture should integrate the management of crop, water and nutrients. Rice field is regarded as greenhouse gas sources, especially methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Field experiment was conducted in the rainfed rice field in Pati, Central Java, to determine GHGs emission and grain yield from three rice varieties, applied with cattle manure, planted in the rainfed rice field, using alternating beds system. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replicates and six treatments of the combination of cattle manure application and rice varieties. The rates of cattle manure were 5 and 30 t/ha, while rice varieties were Inpari 1, Inpari 6, Ciherang. Data observed included grain yield, soil pH, fluxes of CO2 and CH4. Combination of Inpari 6 with 5 t/ha cattle manure emitted GHGs higher than combination of Inpari 6 with 30 t/ha cattle manure, while GHGs emission from combination of Ciherang with 5 t/ha cattle manure was lower than combination of Ciherang with 30 t/ha cattle manure. Variety Inpari 1 emitted the lowest GHGs, both from the combination of 5 t/ha and of 30 t/ha. The average grain yield of Inpari 1, Inpari 6, and Ciherang in the rainfed lowland rice each was 6.27, 6.01, and 5.70 t/ha, respectively. The GHGs releases from the rice variety roots depend on the availability of organic matter in the soil that is used as energy source for GHGs forming microbes.
Efektivitas Formulasi Spora Bacillus subtilis B12 sebagai Agen Pengendali Hayati Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri pada Tanaman Padi
Authors: Wartono Wartono , Giyanto Giyanto , Mutaqin Kikin H.
Published: March 2018

Bacterial leaf blight control in rice (Oryza sativa Lin.) using bactericide is prohibitive, due to its high cost and its negative effect on the environment. Biocontrol when avaible, therefore is the best alternative solution. Bacillus subtilis is a perspective of biocontrol agent to control several plant diseases, because of its ability to produce antimicrobial and produce plant growth promoting substances. This research was aimed to examine the effectiveness of B. subtilis spore formulation by way of seed treatments and foliar sprays, using different frequencies and concentrations, to control bacterial leaf blight disease (BLB) on rice, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, and to evaluate its function as plant growth promoter. The experiments were conducted at greenhouse and in the field using factorial design. At the greenhouse experiment, seed treatment and foliar spray, using concentration of 2% produced better result in controlling BLB, and better result on promoting rice plant growth. In the field experiment, application at 2 week interval showed better effect on suppressing the the disease and on increasing yield. Applications of the formulation of B. subtilis B12 spore reduced BLB disease by 21% and potentially increased yield up to 50%.
Daya Gabung Umum, Daya Gabung Khusus dan Keragaan Hasil Hibrida Jagung pada Dua Tingkat Pumupukan N
Authors: Sutoro Sutoro , Setyowati Mamik
Published: March 2018

Maize grain production may be increased by growing varieties that utilize the available nutrients in the soil efficiently. High grain yield of maize could be achieved when hybrid variety was planted under the optimal rate of fertilization. However, application of fertilizer on agricultural land in large quantities have a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, maize variety that is able to use fertilizer efficiently is needed, which would be reducing the environmental impact from a high fertilization and also helping farmers who are less able to provide optimal fertilizer rate or those who are growing maize under the marginal land. Maize genotypes developed by diallel mating and their parents were tested under nested design, three replications on two levels of nitrogen fertilization (low and optimal N level, as nested factor). The full diallel crosses (hybrids and reciprocals) derived from five inbred lines were tested using Griffing method I. Result indicated that H3, H7 and H9 hybrids were adaptable to low N. Inbred G2 and G5 were suitable for optimal N fertilization condition, and their single cross hybrids using H7 as parent was suitable for the low N fertilization condition. Inbred G4 was suitable for low N condition and inbred G5 was suitable for the optimal N condition. Single cross hybrids of H10 was as parent suitable for N optimal condition. It was shown that maize hybrids suitable for low or optimal N fertilizations could be generated from either pairs of inbreds adaptif under low N or optimal N conditions. Inbred lines adapted to certain N fertilization may not necessarily produced hybrid adapted to the same N level of environment.
Komposisi dan Sebaran Patotipe Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Penyakit pada Padi di Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Sudir Sudir , Yuliani Dini , Wirajaswadi Lalu
Published: March 2018

A study was carried out to identify the composition and distribution of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) pathotypes on rice crop in West Nusa Tenggara, during the 2012 planting season. Three activities were conducted, namely collection of rice leaf samples from the fields, isolation of Xoo from the leaf samples at the laboratory, and testing pathotypes of Xoo at the screen house. Rice leaves showing typical bacterial leaf blight (BLB) symptom were collected from various farmers’ fields. The samples were detached and put into paper envelopes, and were taken to the laboratory for isolation of Xoo, at the Laboratory of Pythopathology of Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR), Sukamandi. Pathotype testing was done in the ICRR screen house by inoculating the leaves of five differential rice varieties using inocula of the Xoo isolates. Resistance of the rice differential varieties was determined based on the BLB disease severity. Inoculated plant with disease severity ≤11% was considered resistant (R) and disease severity >11% was susceptible (S). From the 240 samples of rice leaf infected with BLB collected from West Nusa Tenggara, 232 Xoo isolates were obtained. The Xoo pathotype identification showed that pathotype IV was the most dominant in West Nusa Tenggara during the 2012 planting season, numbering 118 isolates or 51.0% out of the total isolates, followed by pathotype VIII (67 isolates or 29.0%), and pathotype III (47 isolates or 20.0%).
Respon Varietas Unggul Kacang Tanah terhadap Cekaman Salinitas Responses of Groundnut Varieties to Salinity Stress
Authors: Taufiq Abdullah , Kristiono Afandi , Harnowo Didik
Published: March 2018

Soil salinity has negative effect on crop growth and crop productivity. Information on the response of groundnut varieties to salinity is required for varietal selection adaptable to saline  soil condition. The research was conducted at the greenhouse of Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute (Iletri), Malang, East Java from July to September 2013. The objective of the research was to study the effect of salinity on groundnut growth.
Ten groundnut varieties, consisted of seven varieties of Spanish type and three varieties of Valencia type, were tested on six levels of soil salinity. The treatment combinations were arranged in randomized complete block design, replicated four times. The soil salinity level was obtained by treating soil media using sea water dilution. Observations were made on electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil, plant height, leaf chlorophyll content index, shoot
and root dry weight, number and dry weight of pods, and number and dry weight of normal seeds. Results showed that increasing the salinity level inhibited both vegetative and generative growth and the critical age to the plants affected by salinity was 45-65days after sowing. All variables of plant growth and yield components decreased with the increase of salinity level. The highest EC value of the soil for groundnut planting to produce pods and seeds was 1.60-1.84 dS/m. Based on the growth variables, varieties of Valencia-type semed to be more tolerant to salinity than did Spanish-type, but there was no tolerance difference based on crop yield and yield components between the two groundnut groups. Higher tolerance of Valencia type was probably due to its ability to absorb and translocate more K in saline conditions. Among the Valencia type varieties tested, Domba variety indicated the most tolerance.
WHAT PROTECT EMERGING MARKETS FROM DEVELOPED COUNTRIES UNCONVENTIONAL MONETARY POLICY SPILLOVER?
Authors: Sumando Eko
Published: March 2018

This paper investigates the macro-characteristics that reduce the spillover effect of unconventional monetary policy (UMP) from developed countries to the emerging market ones. We use event study method to examine 24 UMP announcements and a panel fixed effects model to examine the characteristics of the emerging markets. The spillover channel considered in this paper is the exchange rate. The results show inconclusiveness of the macroeconomic fundamentals role on emerging markets’ currency resilience. From three main fundamental economic indicators, only inflation was found to significantly and positively contribute to exchange rate depreciation. Deeper financial markets contribute to better resilience. Tradelinkages with China provide less vulnerable currency position of the emerging markets while trade linkages with developed countries provide mixed evidence. The macro-prudential policy and the capital flow measures that the emerging markets countries implemented before to the announcements are moderately effective on reducing the spillover effect.
INDONESIA’S FDI – EXPORTS – GDP GROWTH NEXUS: TRADE OR INVESTMENT - DRIVEN?
Authors: Febiyansah Panky Tri
Published: March 2018

This paper examines the relationship between foreign direct investment inflow, export and economic growth in Indonesia in a dynamic framework. We uses vector error correction model to estimate the causal relationship between FDI, exports and GDP. The findings in Indonesia’s case verify the proposition that FDI plays an important role which, in turn, together with joint FDI-exports can promote economic growth in the immediate short run and improve the competitiveness for Indonesia’s commodity exports. Nonetheless, the absence and existence of economic growth effects to FDI and exports respectively indicate that Indonesia still has several domestic economic constraints. It denotes that Indonesia’s economic structure is still transforming and far from adequate. Indonesia needs bold policies in order to accelerateits economic growth and further integrate trade chains for reducing domestic economic restrictions and improving Indonesia’s degree of competitiveness.
THE EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY AND EXPORT PERFORMANCE: THE CASE OF INDONESIA'S EXPORTS TO JAPAN AND THE US
Authors: Fitrianti Shinta
Published: March 2018

This paper investigates the long-run and short-run impacts of the exchange rate volatility onIndonesia’s real exports to its major trading partners; Japan and US. The study uses monthly data from January 1998 to October 2015 in order to capture the structural break period of the Global Financial Crisis 2008. In addition, commodity price is included as an explanatory variable. The index of exchange rate volatility is generated using moving sample standard deviation of the growth of the real exchange rate. This paper estimates the long-run cointegration using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing, while for the short-run dynamic this paper use error-correction-model (ECM). The findings suggest rupiah volatility against the Japanese yen reduces Indonesia’s export to Japan, both in the short and the long-run. Fluctuation of rupiah against the US dollar helps Indonesia’s export to the US in the short run, but the impact is not carried out to the long-run. On the other hand, the impact of commodity price shock is negligible, except for the long-run export to Japan.
THE VOLATILITY TRANSMISSION OF MAIN GLOBAL STOCK'S RETURN TO INDONESIA
Authors: Sari Linda Karlina , Achsani Noer Azam , Sartono Bagus
Published: March 2018

Stock return volatility is a very interesting phenomenon because of its impact on global financial markets. For instance, an adverse shocks in one country’s market can be transmitted to other countries’ market through a particular mechanism of transmission, causing the related markets to experience financial instability as well (Liu et al., 1998). This paper aims to determine the best model to describe the volatility of stock returns, to identify asymmetric effect of such volatility, as well as to explore the transmission of stocks return volatilities in seven countries to Indonesia’s stock market over the period 1990-2016, on a daily basis. Modeling of stock return volatility uses symmetric and asymmetric GARCH, while analysis of stock return volatility transmission utilizes Vector Autoregressive system. This study found that the asymmetric model of GARCH, resulted from fitting the right model for all seven stock markets, provides a better estimation in portraying stock return volatility than symmetric model. Moreover, the model can reveal the presence of asymmetric effects on those seven stock markets. Other finding shows that Hong Kong and Singapore markets play dominant roles in influencing volatility return of Indonesia’s stock market. In addition, the degree of interdependence between Indonesia’s and foreign stock market increased substantially after the 2007 global financial crisis, as indicated by a drastic increase of the impact of stock return volatilities in the US and UK market on the volatility of Indonesia’s stock return.
Actitudes del Personal Sanitario hacia la Donación de Organos
Authors: Pérez San Gregorio M. A. , Domínguez Roldán J. M. , Murillo Cabezas F. , Núñez Roldán A.
Published: March 2018

En el Presente articulo se realiza un estudio de la literatura sobre las actitudes del personal sanitario hacia la donación de órganos. En concreto, las disonancias entre actitudes y comportamientos y algunos factores que dificultan el proceso de la donación de órganos: ausencia de información y de conocimientos básicos, dudas sobre la muerte cerebral, evitación del contacto con los familiares del donante, creencias y sentimientos negativos, rechazo de las donaciones en vida no familiares, estrés en el personal sanitario, cantidad de tiempo y falta de de concentración en la mayoría de los hospitales por parte del personal sanitario en cuanto a la detección de donantes.
AKTUALISASI NILAI-NILAI AL-QUR’AN DALAM MEWUJUDKAN KERUKUNAN DAN PERDAMAIAN ANTAR UMAT MANUSIA
Authors: Baihaki Egi Sukma
Published: March 2018

Abstract: Al-Qur'an is as Moslem guidance that taught more values.  Recently, many more wars, conflicts, and dissensions are disharmony the social interaction. Those accidents brought religion to legitimate its actions and the verses of Qur’an are also used to excuse those ones. This paper explains how the values in Qur’an can be realized to construct human life peaceful
TASAWUF DAN RADIKALISME ATAS NAMA ISLAM (Suatu Alternatif Mencegah Radikalisme di Dunia Islam)
Authors: Setyawan Agus
Published: March 2018

Abstract: Violence in the name of Islam is increasingly worrying. Mass murder, kidnapping and terror have spread throughout the world, including Indonesia. One of factors that caused those conditions is human failure in modern era. They lose their vision and spirituality. They learned divinity and religious doctrines instantly. It means that they just leaned those doctrines on the surface. While, the inner meaning of thariqat and haqiqat, are never been touch. As a result, they lost the truth and closed by power lust, selfish and self-righteous. In hence, religion becomes creepy. Then to eliminate this radicalism is by studying Sufism greater in depth, in order to gain batiniah knowledge. Its knowledge leads to the center of truth. And it manifests into beautiful forms, full of harmony and brotherhood. As the result, peaceful is reached without violence in the name of Islam.
MEMBACA PERBEDAAN JENDER DALAM MODEL CAREER INDESICION SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS
Authors: Ali Muhammad
Published: March 2018

Abstract: This aim is to find career indecision model based on gender differences. Theoretically, model shows variables of gender roles, family support, career decision making self-efficacy, and willingness affect on career indecision results in both gender groups. Questionnaire was used to collect the data and the samples were 120 male and 260 female. Then the data was analyzed by SEM (Structural Equation Modeling). Then those indicated that there is distinguishes models on career indecision either male or female. Gender roles and family supports are not dominant factor that affect career indecision for male. While for female, career indecision is affected by gender roles and family supports. In addition, family supports affect the females’ willingness directly and in contrary with male. Then, this study suggests taking to heart on students’ cultural conditions when consulting students’ career.
TAKWIL DALAM PERSPEKTIF ABDUL JABBAR (Sebuah Tawaran Hermeneutika al-Qur’an)
Authors: Ghozali Moh. Alwy Amru
Published: March 2018

Abstract; Takwil is one of the ways to interpret Qur’an that is maintained and developed by Muktazilah. As that reason, this study focuses on Takwil initiated by Abdul Jabbar, the last Muktazilah figure. This study discussed theoretical background, object and method that are used by Abdul Jabbar in his takwil. Then, this researcher is summed up Abdul Jabbar Takwil is growing rapidly. As the reason, his takwil is in line with modern hermeneutics principals and Abdul Jabbar is one of interpreter that sees inherence between natural meaning and interpreter subjectivity.Keywords : Takwil, al-Qur’an, Abdul Jabbar
KEBANGKITAN ISLAM MUHAMMAD AL-MUSTIRY: KRITIK ATAS TRADISI DAN MODERNITAS
Authors: Mukhlis Febri Hijroh
Published: March 2018

Abstrct: Islam is influential religion in the world. In spite of, that condition does not in line with the highest productivity level in developing Islamic studies. Traditionally, there are several communities that highest imitation and unchangeable. Even in the modern era with various scientific developments, modern Muslims are even more gregarious and fanatical groups. Political identity became a new problem in Islamic modernity, the loss of productivity due to fall asleep with the spirit of the identity of interest to mutual recriminations completely wrong. Muhammad al-Mustiry criticized both (tradition and modernity) by offering the idea of the importance of reading tradition histories, prioritizing knowledge. And the main aim is Islam gives its contribution to civilization development. Keywords: Islam, awakening, tradition, modernity.
Buffalograss Exhibits Adequate Turf Tolerance to Postemergence Herbicides Applied During or Shortly After Greenup
Authors: Li Luqi , Sousek Matthew , Gaussoin Roch , Reicher Zachary
Published: March 2018

Core Ideas

Many postemergence herbicides can be safely applied during buffalograss greenup in early to mid‐April (0% greenup) with little chance of turf damage.

Herbicide that does not contain 2,4‐D can be safely applied during buffalograss greenup until 1 June (70‐85% greenup).

Herbicide containing 2,4‐D should be applied before the first week of May (10‐15% greenup) for turf safety concerns, or apply no later than third week of May (50‐60% greenup) for acceptable stand during the summer months.
Bradyrhizobium japonicum Inoculants Have Little Effect in Kentucky's Soybean‐Corn Rotation
Authors: Rod Katherine S. , Knott Carrie A. , Russell Kathleen , Lee Chad D.
Published: March 2018

Core Ideas

Bradyrhizobium japonicum soybean inoculants did not increase seed yield and number of root nodules.

Differences were detected for higher leaf N concentration in the R6 growth stage, but this did not result in increased seed yield.

Increasing the rate of B. japonicum soybean inoculants did not increase the seed yield nor the number of root nodules.
Mowing Timing Does Not Affect the Efficacy of Broadleaf Herbicides Applied to Control Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
Authors: Thompson Cole S. , Braun Ross C. , Hoyle Jared A. , Ryzin Benjamin Van
Published: March 2018

Core Ideas

More information is needed to precisely define mowing restriction recommendations for systemic broadleaf herbicides.

Sufficient leaf tissue remained after mowing to allow for herbicide absorption, translocation, and subsequent control of dandelion.

Mowing 4 days before to 4 days after herbicide treatment did not impact herbicide efficacy.
The Distribution of Road Salt in Private Drinking Water Wells in a Southeastern New York Suburban Township
Authors: Kelly Victoria R. , Cunningham Mary Ann , Curri Neil , Findlay Stuart E. , Carroll Sean M.
Published: March 2018

We used a GIS analysis of sodium and chloride concentrations in private water wells in a southeastern New York township to describe the pattern of distribution of road salt in aquifers tapped for drinking water. The primary source of road salt was sodium chloride, and sodium and chloride concentrations were significantly correlated (r2 = 0.80, p < 0.01). Chloride concentrations in wells increased as the percentage of impervious surface cover (ISC) within a 250‐m radius around wells increased (r2 = 0.87, p < 0.01) and declined with increasing distance to the nearest road (r2 = 0.76, p < 0.01). Wells that were located lower in elevation than the nearest road had higher concentrations of chloride than wells that were higher than the nearest road, but this occurred only when the nearest road was >30 m from the wells (p < 0.01). Chloride concentrations were not affected by well depth or adjacent road type (major or minor roads). Surface geology and hydrologic soil class had significant effects (p < 0.01) on chloride concentrations in wells, with porous surface geology types and well‐drained soils having higher concentrations; these effects may be confounded by the fact that ISC was more likely to occur on these permeable surface geology and soil types. Hot and cold spot analysis revealed substantial unevenness in chloride concentrations. Results for sodium were similar to those for chloride. Overall, these results indicate that road salt contamination of groundwater is unevenly distributed and is affected by landscape factors that can be used to guide well testing and best management practices of deicing salt distribution.

Core Ideas

Road salt in drinking water wells was related to road proximity, ISC, surface geology, and soil type.

Road salt in groundwater was not related to well depth or road type.

Road salt contamination of groundwater was clustered in some neighborhoods.

USEPA health standards for sodium were exceeded in more than half the wells sampled.
Genetic Progress in 45 Years of Irrigated Rice Breeding in Southern Brazil
Authors: Streck Eduardo Anibele , de Magalhaes Ariano Martins , Aguiar Gabriel Almeida , Henrique Facchinello Paulo Karling , Reis Fagundes Paulo Ricardo , Franco Daniel Fernandes , Nardino Maicon , de Oliveira Antônio Costa
Published: March 2018

Irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a crop of extreme social and economic importance in Brazil, and the state of Rio Grande do Sul accounts for >70% of the national production. The Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) is focused on rice breeding, with the aim of developing cultivars with significantly increased grain yield and improved sustainability. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic progress of 45 yr of the irrigated rice breeding program of Embrapa in Southern Brazil from 1972 to 2016 by conducting a comparative analysis of cultivars in the same environment and by meta‐analysis of line yield assays. The estimates were results from a meta‐analysis obtained by evaluating 455 genotypes in 145 trials of regional line yield and value for cultivation and use of 44 agricultural crop seasons, and by comparing cultivars obtained by evaluating 25 cultivars in 10 agricultural crop seasons. Genetic gains were evaluated for grain yield, plant height, and days to flowering. The cultivars released by the breeding program were also evaluated for important agronomic characters. The genetic estimates determined a genetic progress for grain yield via meta‐analysis and via comparison of cultivars of 0.62 (37.91 kg yr−1) and 0.73% (47.78 kg yr−1), respectively. It was also verified that during the period there was a reduction in plant height and days to flowering. Three distinct historical phases that defined changes in research focus and in genetic gains can be described: (i) 1972 to 1983, before the rice Green Revolution; (ii) 1983 to 2000, after the rice Green Revolution; and (iii) 2000 to 2016, selection intensification for industrial grain quality attributes. Other relevant genetic aspects, selection strategies, and phases of the breeding program were discussed.
Biplots: Do Not Stretch Them!
Authors: Malik Waqas Ahmed , Piepho Hans‐Peter
Published: March 2018

Two‐way tables of data, either observed or standardized in some way, are commonly analyzed by spectral decomposition or singular value decomposition, providing scores for both rows and columns of the two‐way classification. Two of the most common examples in plant and crop research are sample × variable data (principal component analysis) and genotype × environment data, the latter either centered for environment only (genotype main effect plus genotype × environment interaction biplots) or doubly centered for both genotype and environment (genotype × environment interaction biplots based on the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction [AMMI] model). Results are often displayed by plotting the row scores, column scores, or both to visually study the structure of the data. Usually, arrows or lines are drawn from the origin to facilitate interpretation. Graphical features such as angles between arrows and distances between points, as well as graphical operations such as orthogonal projections, allow a number of useful interpretations. For the validity of such properties and operations, it is imperative that the two axes of a plot or biplot be equally scaled exactly (i.e., 1 cm on the vertical axis must represent the same number of units as 1 cm on the horizontal axis). Unfortunately, this important fact is often neglected by users when preparing such plots or integrating them into a text document for publication, rendering all of these features of a plot essentially meaningless. The purpose of the present note, therefore, is to highlight the importance of equal scaling using pertinent examples.