bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Site selection of LNG terminal based on cloud matter element model and principal component analysis
Authors: Liu Gaolei , Dai Ran , Zhang Feng , Zhao Yanpeng , Zhang Chaoyue , Huang Fucheng
Published: March 2019

With the development of liquefied natural gas(LNG) port, as one of the crucial LNG port sitting process, the LNG terminal site’s condition assessment method has always received attention from experts, scholars concern more and more about the method’s practicality and reliability. In the traditional condition assessment method, due to the characteristics of the complex and extensive factors in the comprehensive assessment of the LNG terminal site, the assessment system is not comprehensive enough, or the assessment is too complex, the indexes are not easy to quantify, such problems are emerging. In view of the above reasons, the principal component analysis(PCA) method is used to transform the multi-indicators that affect the comparison of terminal sites into a few comprehensive indicators. A comprehensive evaluation model of the LNG terminal site based on cloud matter element theory and subjective and objective comprehensive weighting method was constructed. By the subjective and objective comprehensive weighting method, the comprehensive weight of each index is determined and the LNG terminal site comprehensive assessment standard cloud element model is constructed with the combination of cloud model and matter-element theory. The cloud matter-element correlation function is established to determine the degree of association between the matter element to be evaluated and the standard cloud matter element model. In order to eliminate random errors and improve the credibility of the results, the algorithm is used for multiple calculations and analysis to achieve the purpose of simultaneously giving the evaluation results and coefficients of credible degree. Finally, the reliability and rationality of the method are verified by an example.
Studies of the resistance optimization of underwater vehicle based on multiple-speed approximate model
Authors: ZHENG Guan-chao , YANG Xiao-liang
Published: March 2019

An automated approximate model generation platform integrating the vehicle type generation, grid division and CFD resistance calculation is established, and the approximate model is obtained based on underwater vehicle resistance. Three approximate models of RSM model, RBF model and Kriging model were compared, and the error results were analyzed. The four-order RSM model with different speed is established, and the different speed model is weighted fitting and the approximate model of multi-speed fitting is obtained, which can be applied to the resistance optimization of multi-speed interval. Based on the intelligent optimization platform of fitting approximation model, MIGA algorithm is adopted to optimize the displacement volume, the longitudinal position of the floating center and the resistance, and get the optimal underwater vehicle type.
Modeling and analysis of urban rail plug door system based on Petri net and SDG diagram
Authors: PENG Wei , LIU Erlin , CHEN Lihan , ZHAI Dong
Published: March 2019

The on-the-road fault diagnosis of the urban rail train passenger compartment door is a weak field in the world research. At present, most of the fault diagnosis and monitoring models for door systems are based on the analysis of historical data. Under the background of continuous development and innovation of railroad crossing equipment, it is urgent to study the model of door system suitable for online monitoring and fault diagnosis. The modeling method combining SDG(signed directed graph) diagram and Petri net is adopted. The Petri net with improved conditional fuzzy time constraint is the first layer, and the SDG diagram is the second layer. Through the dynamic simulation and concurrent processing capability of Petri net, the dynamic process simulation of the system is carried out. At the same time, the SDG map and the Petri net are connected by means of standard tables; The SDG diagram is used to construct a hazard identification and fault mining for the causal relationship between related variables in a certain state of the library. Aiming at the urban rail passenger room plug door system, the model is established and the online safety monitoring hidden danger mining process of the model method in the urban rail plug door is analyzed.
The method and mathematical support for calibration of a goniometric system based on the accelerometers
Authors: Grecheneva A V , Dorofeev N V , Kuzichkin O R , Romanov R V , Surzhik D I
Published: March 2019

The article is devoted to the development of a calibration method for the goniometric system, which includes accelerometers. The complexity of the technological process of mechanical calibration of accelerometers was noted. It is proposed to apply software-algorithmic correction of measurement results. A mathematical model of signals of an accelerometer converter is described, which takes into account the influence of measurement errors. It is noted that in order to find the parameters of the mathematical model of an accelerometer signal, it is necessary to perform calibration. A mathematical model and the principle of calibration of the misalignment angle of the axes of the accelerometer are proposed and described. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed calibration method, experimental studies and data processing of the accelerometer were carried. As a result of experimental studies, an estimation of the degree of error compensation of the ADIS 16534 accelerometer measurements was performed with the application of the modified multi-position calibration method and the calibration method proposed by the authors of this article.
Study on the effect of dry-wet cycle on the dam slope stability
Authors: Ye Wei , Ma Fu Heng
Published: March 2019

During the dry-wet cycle, the soil cracks and matrix suction change a lot, at this same time, the overall slope stability should be paid attention to. Therefore, in this paper, physical model tests in two different scales were conducted to study the crack development of the dam slope and the change of the matrix suction, and then the stability of the dam slope was analyzed. The results showed that for the whole dam slope,
cracks were most likely to occur at the middle part of the upstream dam slope, and cracks were most developed at this area. The matrix suction at the middle part of the dam slope was the largest. In addition, although the cracks were repaired by the rainfall, the integrity of the soil with cracks was not as good as that before the drought. The pressure of the dam slope was no longer continuous and the upper pressure could not pass to the bottom of the slope. Therefore, local landslides may occur when the upper earth pressure was increasing.
Analysis and suggestions of greenhouse cleaning machine in China and abroad
Authors: Li Tianhua , Chen Dajun , Shi Guoying , Wei Min , Zhang Yueshun , Chang Jinming
Published: March 2019

The light transmittance of greenhouse surface directly affects the illumination of greenhouse, and will eventually affect the indoor ground temperature, temperature, humidity and Photosynthesis of crops,
thus affecting the growth of crops. As a modern greenhouse maintenance and cleaning equipment, greenhouse cleaning machine plays an active role in improving the light transmittance of greenhouse and improving the production efficiency of farmers. This paper mainly expounds the structure,
principle and method of different kinds of greenhouse cleaning machines in China and abroad, analyzes the current development situation and prospects of greenhouse cleaning equipment, and puts forward some suggestions.
Experimental Investigation on OSB Webbed Laminated Bamboo Lumber Box Shaped Joists
Authors: Liu Chang , Chen Guo , Li Lingyu , Qin Yu , Wang Jiayi , Xu Minghan
Published: March 2019

A novel bamboo-wood box beam was introduced in this paper, which consisted of laminated bamboo lumber flanges and OSB webs. Four-point bending tests were conducted on composite beams to investigate the effects of shear span ratio and stiffeners on failure mode and strength. The results showed that the composite beams with shear span ratio less than two failed in web shear failure, but for the others, the beams failed in twist and delamination of OSB in flanges. The load carrying capacity of beams decreased with the increase of shear span ratio. However, the mechanical performance of beams can be improved moderately by the presence of stiffeners, and theultimate bearing capacity and initial stiffness was increased by 16.5% and 13.1% respectively.
Research on in-plane lateral performance of a new-type composite timber wall panel with cold-formed steel frames
Authors: Wang Siya , Li Jing , Li Zeyu , Wang Yanjia , Xu Ying
Published: March 2019

A series of researches on the behaviour of a new structural system, composite timber wall panel with cold-formed steel frames, are investigated under monotonic and reversed cyclic loading. In order to improve the in-plane lateral performance of the composite timber panels, sixteen different optimized composite timber panels were proposed and tested, including increasing the thickness of the sheathings, improvement with steel X-bracings, filling with straw and advance of connection between sheathing and wood framing. The main objective of the investigation is to explore the pervasive mode of failure, determine the quantification of the improvement in lateral performance of these optimized composite timber wall panels and evaluate the benefits of each optimization during the process of failure.
Research Status on Steel-bamboo Composite Structure
Authors: Zhang Jialiang , Tong Keting , Wu Pei , Li Yushun
Published: March 2019

This paper presents a new type of lightweight composite structural system using bamboo-based panel and cold-formed thin-walled steel. The bamboo-based panel and cold-formed steel with C-section and U-section or profiled steel sheet can form various steel-bamboo composite members, including composite slab, composite wall, composite beam and composite column, utilizing structural adhesive or adhesive-screw reinforced joins. The paper summarizes the section design, mechanical experiments of the steel-bamboo composite structures based on the application of bamboo-based panel in modern building structures. Research shows that the two materials can form a perfect composite section and the connection systems are very effective in a long time, composite members have high capacity, ideal stability and ductility. The study shows that steel-bamboo composite components have good prospects in building structures of China.
Digital workflow for the accurate computation of the geometric properties of bamboo culms for structural applications
Authors: Lorenzo Rodolfo , Mimendi Leonel
Published: March 2019

Bamboo is one of the most promising sustainable construction materials due to the large endemic natural reserves prevalent in the Southern Hemisphere. However, industrialised materials, such as concrete, steel and aluminium have overshadowed the application of natural bamboo culms, due to the high-quality assurance achieved over decades refining the production processes of structural elements manufactured from the former. As a result, the physical, geometric and mechanical properties of these industrialised structural elements are quantifiable, predictable and in agreement with international standards. This research presents the details of a digital workflow to quantify the inherent geometric variability of bamboo culms as part of a new quality assurance process for this natural structural element. This workflow relies on the use of a mid-range, commercially available structured-light 3D scanner to accurately capture a point cloud of the bamboo geometry and generate a corresponding polygon mesh. Digital models of three different bamboo species were validated through comparison with key physical measurements finding that the adoption of these digital models can significantly improve the accuracy and efficiency of manual methods due to the complex irregularities found in bamboo culms. This work demonstrates the benefits of adopting a non-destructive, reverse-engineering approach to quantify the geometric properties of bamboo compared to traditional tools and methods. Overall, this research shows the potential of digital technologies to support the adoption of this natural material allowing for the re-assessment of design workflows and providing an opportunity for bamboo to compete with industrialised materials.
Effects of nano silica on carbonation resistance of concrete
Authors: Wan Xin , Su Chun-fa , Li Leo Gu
Published: March 2019

In tandem with recent development of nanotechnology and reduction in cost of production, many nano-materials have been tried in concrete. In this study, the effect of nano silica (NS) on the carbonation resistance of concrete was investigated by producing a number of trial concrete mixes with varying water and NS contents for carbonation depth test. The results demonstrated that the addition of NS could significantly reduce the 28-day and 56-day carbonation depths of concrete, indicating that NS may be a promising supplementary cementitious material for producing high-performance concrete.
Numerical study of the self-centering prestressed concrete pier with external energy dissipators
Authors: Song Lianglong , Shi Xin , Guo Tong , Zheng Wenqian
Published: March 2019

A novel self-centering prestressed concrete (SCPC) pier with external energy dissipators (EDs) has been recently proposed to minimize the structural damage and residual deformations, and enhance the corrosion-resistant capability. In the SCPC pier with external EDs, internal post-tensioned basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) tendons are used to provide the self-centering ability, and the energy dissipation is realized through the external aluminum bars. Previous cyclic load tests of 1/3-scaled specimens showed that the SCPC pier with external EDs had desirable self-centering and energy dissipation capacities. In this study, a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model is developed using the ANSYS software. The FE model can capture the complex behavior of the proposed pier, such as gap opening/closing at the pier-foundation interface, energy dissipation of EDs, and self-centering capacity. Good agreement is observed between the numerical and experimental results, demonstrating the accuracy of the developed FE model. This will enable the parametric studies on the seismic performance of the SCPC pier with external EDs in the future.
Fatigue Properties of Rubber Modified SMA Asphalt Mixture
Authors: Hai-bin Deng , Xiang Ma , De-yi Deng , Le Tan
Published: March 2019

To evaluate fatigue propertiesof rubber modified SMA asphaltmixture, based on optimizing the preparation process of rubber asphalt, the splitting fatigue testsof three kinds of asphalt mixture is carried out including ordinary asphalt, modified asphalt with rubber powder and SBS modified asphalt. And the freezing and thawing conditions were considered in the tests. The results show that rubber powder can improve the fatigue properties of SMA asphalt mixture, but the modified effect of rubber powder is not as good as SBS modifier, the fatigue properties of asphalt mixture are deteriorated by freeze-thaw conditions, the deterioration degree of rubber modified asphalt mixture is less than SBS modified asphalt mixture, but rubber modified asphalt mixture has better freeze-thaw durability.
Patient Blood Management: die maschinelle Autotransfusion in der Anästhesiologie
Authors: Westphal Sabine , Zacharowski Kai , Choorapoikayil Suma , Füllenbach Christoph , Meybohm Patrick
Published: March 2019

Die Rückführung von eigenem Blut, das während einer Operation oder bei Wunddrainagen ansonsten verloren ginge, kann äußerst sinnvoll sein. Hierbei wird das Wundblut abgesaugt, in speziellen Geräten aufbereitet und dem Patienten wieder zurückgegeben. Ein großer Vorteil der MAT besteht darin, dass das Blut weder gelagert noch gekühlt werden muss und somit lagerungsbedingte Schäden an den Erythrozyten verhindert werden. Bislang etablierte Einsatzgebiete der MAT sind herzchirurgische, gefäßchirurgische, orthopädische Eingriffe und nach Bestrahlung auch Tumoroperationen.Die MAT ist ein fester Bestandteil des Patient Blood Managements (PBM) und stellt eine effektive Maßnahme dar, um den Fremdblutbedarf bei großen Operationen mit erwarteten Blutverlusten von über 500 ml deutlich zu reduzieren.
In Morpheus’ Armen
Authors: Stern Cornelia
Published: March 2019

Der Schlafmohn (Papaversomniferum) gehört zu den ältesten Schmerz- und Beruhigungsmitteln der Menschheit. In der Phytotherapie wird er heute nicht mehr eingesetzt.
Gut versorgt durch die Schwangerschaft
Authors: Stasche Marlein
Published: March 2019

Etwa ein Drittel der Frauen im gebärfähigen Alter in Deutschland hat Übergewicht
oder ist adipös 1. Adipositas wird mit einem
höheren Risiko für Schwangerschafts- und Geburtskomplikationen, kindliche
Fehlbildungen, Früh- und Fehlgeburten, ein hohes kindliches Geburtsgewicht und
für späteres Übergewicht des Kindes verknüpft 2, 3. Bei 13 % der Schwangeren
wurde ein Gestationsdiabetes im Rahmen des Screenings 2014/15 diagnostiziert
4.
Nocebo – Wenn Worte und Informationen krank machen
Authors: Thoms Christiane
Published: March 2019

Ein Gespräch über Nocebo, die Wirkmacht der Worte und deren Folgen und darüber, wie sich Prof. Dr. Hartmut Schröder, Professor für Sprachgebrauch und Therapeutische Kommunikation, einen optimalen Beipackzettel vorstellt.
Pseudogesunde Patienten in der stationären Psychotherapie – Ein Annäherungsversuch
Authors: Spitzer Carsten , Masuhr Oliver , Jaeger Ulrich , Euler Sebastian
Published: March 2019

Es gibt kaum systematisches Wissen über Patienten, die sich in symptombezogenen Selbstbeurteilungsskalen nicht von der Allgemeinbevölkerung unterscheiden und daher als „pseudogesund“ bezeichnet werden. 4088 stationäre Psychotherapiepatienten wurden explorativ darauf untersucht, wie groß der Anteil dieser Gruppe an der Gesamtstichprobe ist, wie ihre psychische Beeinträchtigung von Behandlerseite eingeschätzt wird, und ob sie in Indikatoren für strukturelle Defizite auffallen. Gut 14% der Stichprobe schätzten sich mittels des GSI der SCL-90-R als „pseudogesund“ ein. Hingegen klassifizierten die Behandler auf Grundlage des BSS nur 6% als klinisch unauffällig, wobei die Übereinstimmung zwischen Patienten- und Therapeuteneinschätzung gering war (κ=0,12). „Pseudogesunde“ Patienten sind strukturell wenig beeinträchtigt. Auf der Basis unserer Studie lässt sich die Gruppe der Pseudogesunden als heterogen beschreiben, ohne dass erklärende Hintergründe derzeit genauer definiert werden können.
Silanediol Anion Binding and Enantioselective Catalysis
Authors: Attard Jonathan , Osawa Kohei , Guan Yong , Hatt Jessica , Kondo Shin-ichi , Mattson Anita
Published: March 2019

Silanediols possess unique and complementary catalytic activity in reactions that are likely to proceed through anion binding. This article directly compares silanediols, thioureas, and squaramides in three separate anion-binding processes. The catalytic abilities of select members of each family are directly correlated to association constants.
Effect of Sociodemographic Factors on Uptake of a Patient-Facing Information Technology Family Health History Risk Assessment Platform
Authors: Wu R. , Myers Rachel , Buchanan Adam , Dimmock David , Fulda Kimberly , Haller Irina , Haga Susanne , Harry Melissa , McCarty Catherine , Neuner Joan , Rakhra-Burris Teji , Sperber Nina , Voils Corrine , Ginsburg Geoffrey , Orlando Lori
Published: March 2019

Objective Investigate sociodemographic differences in the use of a patient-facing family health history (FHH)-based risk assessment platform.

Methods In this large multisite trial with a diverse patient population, we evaluated the relationship between sociodemographic factors and FHH health risk assessment uptake using an information technology (IT) platform. The entire study was administered online, including consent, baseline survey, and risk assessment completion. We used multivariate logistic regression to model effect of sociodemographic factors on study progression. Quality of FHH data entered as defined as relatives: (1) with age of onset reported on relevant conditions; (2) if deceased, with cause of death and (3) age of death reported; and (4) percentage of relatives with medical history marked as unknown was analyzed using grouped logistic fixed effect regression.

Results A total of 2,514 participants consented with a mean age of 57 and 10.4% minority. Multivariate modeling showed that progression through study stages was more likely for younger (p-value = 0.005), more educated (p-value = 0.004), non-Asian (p-value = 0.009), and female (p-value = 0.005) participants. Those with lower health literacy or information-seeking confidence were also less likely to complete the study. Most significant drop-out occurred during the risk assessment completion phase. Overall, quality of FHH data entered was high with condition's age of onset reported 87.85%, relative's cause of death 85.55% and age of death 93.76%, and relative's medical history marked as unknown 19.75% of the time.

Conclusion A demographically diverse population was able to complete an IT-based risk assessment but there were differences in attrition by sociodemographic factors. More attention should be given to ensure end-user functionality of health IT and leverage electronic medical records to lessen patient burden.
Common Laboratory Results Frequently Misunderstood by a Sample of Mechanical Turk Users
Authors: Qureshi Nabeel , Mehrotra Ateev , Rudin Robert , Fischer Shira
Published: March 2019

Objectives More patients are receiving their test results via patient portals. Given test results are written using medical jargon, there has been concern that patients may misinterpret these results. Using sample colonoscopy and Pap smear results, our objective was to assess how frequently people can identify the correct diagnosis and when a patient should follow up with a provider.

Methods We used Mechanical Turk—a crowdsourcing tool run by Amazon that enables easy and fast gathering of users to perform tasks like answering questions or identifying objects—to survey individuals who were shown six sample test results (three colonoscopy, three Pap smear) ranging in complexity. For each case, respondents answered multiple choice questions on the correct diagnosis and recommended return time.

Results Among the three colonoscopy cases (n = 642) and three Pap smear cases (n = 642), 63% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 60–67%) and 53% (95% CI: 49–57%) of the respondents chose the correct diagnosis, respectively. For the most complex colonoscopy and Pap smear cases, only 29% (95% CI: 23–35%) and 9% (95% CI: 5–13%) chose the correct diagnosis.

Conclusion People frequently misinterpret colonoscopy and Pap smear test results. Greater emphasis needs to be placed on assisting patients in interpretation.
Numerical study on pressure fluctuation of a multistage centrifugal pump based on whole flow field
Authors: Wang Chuan , He Xiaoke , Shi Weidong , Wang Xikun , Wang Xiuli , Qiu Ning
Published: March 2019

Multistage centrifugal pumps can provide high-pressure fluid flow, and is widely used in various engineering applications. However, the pressure fluctuation in the pumps strongly affects the flow and pressure stability. To gain further insight into the pressure fluctuation of multistage centrifugal pumps, a numerical model of a typical multistage centrifugal pump model was constructed and the flow investigated systematically under different operating conditions. Changes in amplitude, frequency, and phase of pressure fluctuation in the impellers, diffusers, and pump cavities were observed and analyzed in both time-domain and frequency-domain. The pressure fluctuations of the fluid in the impeller were found to originate from the inlet side of the outward diffuser, whereas that in the diffuser arose from the outlet side of the impeller blade. In contrast, the pressure fluctuations in the pump cavity were initiated from the outlet side of the impeller blade and the interstage leakage of fluid. This study also conclude that the pressure fluctuations are essentially a wave with identifiable amplitude, frequency, and phase.
Identifying influential spreaders in complex networks by propagation probability dynamics
Authors: Chen Duan-Bing , Sun Hong-Liang , Tang Qing , Tian Sheng-Zhao , Xie Mei
Published: March 2019

Numerous well-known processes of complex systems such as spreading and cascading are mainly affected by a small number of critical nodes. Identifying influential nodes that lead to broad spreading in complex networks is of great theoretical and practical importance. Since the identification of vital nodes is closely related to propagation dynamics, a novel method DynamicRank that employs the probability model to measure the ranking scores of nodes is suggested. The influence of a node can be denoted by the sum of probability scores of its i order neighboring nodes. This simple yet effective method provides a new idea to understand the identification of vital nodes in propagation dynamics. Experimental studies on both Susceptible-Infected-Recovered and Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible models in real networks demonstrate that it outperforms existing methods such as Coreness, H-index, LocalRank, Betweenness, and Spreading Probability in terms of the Kendall τ coefficient. The linear time complexity enables it to be applied to real large-scale networks with tens of thousands of nodes and edges in a short time.
Development of a genetic algorithm for maximizing wind power integration rate into the electric grid
Authors: Ammous Sahar , Jebali Mariam , Halima Nahla Ben , Abdallah Hsan Hadj , Oualha Abdelmajid
Published: March 2019

In this paper, a new method was proposed with the objective of maximizing the rate of wind power integration into the electric grid. This method was based on the optimization of the parameters of the turbine governors (TGs) by means of a genetic algorithm. The tuning of TGs' parameters was formulated relying on an objective function aiming at reaching the maximum wind power penetration rate. The dynamic grid modeling consisted of synchronous machines, regulators, and wind turbines. The IEEE 14-bus modified test system was adopted to test the grid using the Power System Analysis Toolbox. The simulation results revealed that, with the optimized TGs' parameters, the rate of wind power integration improved considerably.
Two-dimensional charge carrier distribution in MoS2 monolayer and multilayers
Authors: Dagan R. , Vaknin Y. , Henning A. , Shang J. Y. , Lauhon L. J. , Rosenwaks Y.
Published: March 2019

Control of majority carrier type and concentration in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is an important goal for engineering and improving TMD-based devices. Monolayer and few-layer molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) is an n-type semiconductor due to the presence of electron-donating native defects whose distribution is strongly dependent on the processing history and ambient environment. However, the spatial heterogeneity of the charge carrier concentration has not yet been studied in MoS2 when implemented in devices such as field-effect transistors (FETs). Here, we present a method to extract the spatial distribution of charge carriers using Kelvin probe force microscopy of MoS2 FETs in operando. The carrier concentration in monolayer MoS2 exfoliated on SiO2/Si ranges from 1.2×1012 cm−2  to 2.3×1012 cm−2, corresponding to a three-dimensional concentration of 1018 cm−3 to 2.5×1018 cm−3. A comparable carrier concentration is obtained for few-layer MoS2, while for thicker MoS2 (>50 nm) it is an order of magnitude lower (2×1017 cm−3–4×1017 cm−3). This finding is consistent with an increased concentration of electron-donating sulfur vacancies at surfaces compared to the bulk. Thus, the reported method for measuring the carrier concentration may advance strategies for doping and improve understanding of devices and defects in 2D materials.
Metamagnetic behavior in L10-MnAl synthesized by the post annealing of electrodeposited MnAl powder
Authors: Sato S. , Irie S.
Published: March 2019

The effect of annealing temperature on MnAl alloy powder synthesized by electrodeposition method was investigated. Single L10-MnAl (τ-phase) with nearly stoichiometric composition was obtained by electrodeposition method. In annealed at 400°C sample coercivity of 12.3 kOe was observed. And by annealing at 450–550°C, metamagnetic behavior was observed. In these samples, the main phase was τ-phase although weak peaks of low-temperature Al-rich γ2 phase appeared. The order parameter S of the τ-phase exhibited a peak value with variation of the annealing temperature. The peak value was 0.90 at an annealing temperature of 500°C, where the metamagnetic behavior was most clearly observed. This indicates that the nearly perfectly ordered τ-phase shows metamagnetism and the Mn atoms occupying the Al sites play an important role in the metamagnetism of the τ-phase.
Gd5Si4-PVDF nanocomposite films and their potential for triboelectric energy harvesting applications
Authors: Harstad S. M. , Zhao P. , Soin N. , El-Gendy A. A. , Gupta S. , Pecharsky V. K. , Luo J. , Hadimani R. L.
Published: March 2019

The triboelectric energy generators prepared using the combination of self-polarized, high β-phase nanocomposite films of Gd5Si4-PVDF and polyamide-6 (PA-6) films have generated significantly higher voltage of ∼425 V, short-circuit current density of ∼30 mA/m2 and a charge density of ∼116.7 μC/m2 as compared to corresponding values of ∼300 V, 30 mA/m2 and 94.7 μC/m2, respectively for the pristine PVDF-(PA-6) combination. The magnetic measurements of the Gd5Si4-PVDF films display a ferromagnetic behavior as compared to diamagnetic nature of pristine PVDF. The presence of magnetic nanoparticles in the polymeric matrix allows for some control over the microstructural properties during the preparation process. The results open new routes for multiferroic composite films to be suitable for multi-functional magnetic and triboelectric energy harvesting applications.
High kinetic inductance microwave resonators made by He-Beam assisted deposition of tungsten nanowires
Authors: Basset J. , Watfa D. , Aiello G. , Féchant M. , Morvan A. , Estève J. , Gabelli J. , Aprili M. , Weil R. , Kasumov A. , Bouchiat H. , Deblock R.
Published: March 2019

We evaluate the performance of hybrid microwave resonators made by combining sputtered Nb thin films with Tungsten nanowires grown with a He-beam induced deposition technique. Depending on growth conditions, the nanowires have a typical width w∈[35−75] nm and thickness t∈[5−40] nm. We observe a high normal state resistance R◻∈[65−150] Ω/◻ which together with a critical temperature Tc∈[4−6]  K ensures a high kinetic inductance making the resonator strongly nonlinear. Both lumped and coplanar waveguide resonators were fabricated and measured at low temperature exhibiting internal quality factors up to 3990 at 4.5 GHz in the few photon regime. Analyzing the wire length, temperature, and microwave power dependence, we extracted a kinetic inductance for the W nanowire of LK≈15 pH/◻, which is 250 times higher than the geometrical inductance, and a Kerr non-linearity as high as KW,He/2π=200±120 Hz/photon at 4.5 GHz. The nanowires made with the helium focused ion beam are thus versatile objects to engineer compact, high impedance, superconducting environments with a mask and resist free direct write process.
STS observations of deep defects within laser-illuminated graphene/MOVPE-h-BN heterostructures
Authors: Wlasny I. , Pakula K. , Stepniewski R. , Strupinski W. , Pasternak I. , Baranowski J. M. , Wysmolek A.
Published: March 2019

We present the study of metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy hexagonal boron nitride (MOVPE-h-BN) and graphene/MOVPE-h-BN heterostructures under the illumination with monochromatic light. The process of illumination makes the modification visible by both the shifting of Raman lines and the emergence of local electric fields. These changes are related to the modification of the charge state of the deep defect centers and can be used to control other 2D materials within heterostructures. The scanning tunneling spectroscopy study of the graphene/MOVPE-h-BN heterostructure allowed us to observe the defect states associated with the h-BN and evaluate the effect of illumination on them as well as the electronic structure of graphene.
Suppressing synchrony in an array of the modified FitzHugh–Nagumo oscillators by filtering the mean field
Authors: Adomaitienė Elena , Bumelienė Skaidra , Tamaševičius Arūnas
Published: March 2019

A control method for desynchronizing an array of N mean-field coupled modified FitzHugh–Nagumo oscillators is described. The technique is based on filtering the mean field sampled at the coupling node. The first order branched RC filter is composed of N coupling resistors and a single capacitor. The technique can be applied to arrays in a wide range of coupling strength (in general, unknown strength) between the individual oscillators. Both numerical simulations and hardware experiments with an electrical circuit imitating dynamics of the model have been performed.
Estimating the effective anisotropy of ferromagnetic nanoparticles through magnetic and calorimetric simulations
Authors: Maniotis N. , Nazlidis A. , Myrovali E. , Makridis A. , Angelakeris M. , Samaras T.
Published: March 2019

Magnetic nanoparticle-mediated hyperthermia holds great promise as a treatment for cancer. The key measure used for characterizing the heating efficiency of nanoparticles in this context is the specific loss power, which may be derived from the magnetic hysteresis loop area. An intrinsic property of magnetic nanoparticles that influences specific loss power is magnetic anisotropy, which is difficult to estimate because of its complicated nature. This work presents a simple method for the theoretical estimation of magnetic anisotropy in ferromagnetic magnetite nanoparticles of 40 nm diameter. We conduct numerical calculations of hysteresis loops, employing a Monte Carlo technique for a typical anisotropy range of 2 to 11 kJ/m3. To assess the validity of our simulations and to estimate the optimum anisotropy for our magnetic nanoparticles, we compare numerically estimated loops with an experimental one. Using the finite element method, we perform heat transfer simulations to calculate temporal temperature distributions in an aqueous dispersion of magnetic nanoparticles for a fixed range of anisotropy values. Simulated heating curves are compared with experimental ones to verify magnetic nanoparticle anisotropy, which coincides with the one obtained from the above Monte Carlo simulations and is equal to 9 kJ/m3. Therefore, in this study, we propose a rigorous quantification of the anisotropy of ferromagnetic nanoparticles both magnetically and calorimetrically through hysteresis loop estimation and heat transfer simulations, respectively, so that their specific loss power can be accurately determined and used for treatment planning in clinical practice.
Temperature effects on the propagation and Landau damping of the dust surface waves
Authors: Lee Myoung-Jae , Jung Young-Dae
Published: March 2019

The integral of the kinetic electrostatic surface wave dispersion relation is evaluated to determine the wave frequency and the corresponding Landau damping rate for the surface mode of dust ion-acoustic waves including the effect of ion temperature by using the general perturbation and the transverse truncation methods. It is demonstrated that the increase in ion temperature enhances the wave frequency. The effect of ion temperature is more prominent in the range of large wave numbers, and the wave frequency increases in proportion to a quarter power of the ion temperature in the realm of large wave number. The Landau damping of the dust ion-acoustic surface wave is found to be suppressed as the ion temperature increases. However, the effect of ion temperature becomes negligible as the wave number increases. The effects of dust charge and electron density on the Landau damping rate are also presented in this work.
Multifocal terahertz lenses realized by polarization-insensitive reflective metasurfaces
Authors: Jia Delin , Xu Jia , Xin Tao , Zhang Cunlin , Yu Xiaomei
Published: March 2019

In this work, we report two multifocal terahertz (THz) lenses (MTLs) based on reflective metasurfaces with focusing efficiencies of 57.3% and 46.3% at a frequency of 3.11 THz, respectively. The reflective metasurfaces were constructed by patterning the polarization-insensitive cross resonator array atop a continuous gold ground plane spaced by a layer of parylene film, which provides a complete 2π phase coverage. The elaborated phase profiles of the two MTLs were arranged based on the Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction theory. The two MTLs were theoretically and experimentally verified to converge continuous THz waves into two and four beam spots at their focal planes, respectively. Meanwhile, the MTLs were also experimentally demonstrated with multiple imaging abilities.
Finding the “lost-time” in detonator function
Authors: Smilowitz L. , Remelius D. , Suvorova N. , Bowlan P. , Oschwald D. , Henson B. F.
Published: March 2019

Exploding bridgewire (EBW) detonators were invented during the Manhattan Project over 75 years ago. Initially developed for precise timing and reproducibility, they continue to be used in many applications. Despite widespread use and reliability, their mechanism for function remains controversial. They provide precision timing, yet their function is described in terms of a “lost time” accounting for nearly half of the function time. Buried in understanding the EBW function is the mystery of how an incoherent impulse such as powering a bridgewire yields the coherent energy output of a detonation. Even the general phenomena by which release of chemical energy in a crystalline organic explosive becomes associated with the sonic plane of a steady detonation wave remain uncertain. Here, we investigate the EBW function with a suite of diagnostics and show that stationary heating occurs during the “lost-time.” We use x-ray radiography to observe the propagation of a shock wave from bridgewire vaporization and establish that the origin of the radially emanating detonation wave is spatially separated from the initial shock. Utilizing the observed temperature as a boundary condition in our explosive response models yields a thermal ignition consistent with the “lost-time” and detonation location consistent with previous work. With these results, we define a direct thermal initiation mechanism for the EBW function consistent with previous integral observations and explain the displacement of initiation from the bridgewire burst in time and space.
Conformational landscape and inertial defect of methoxyphenol isomers studied by mm-wave spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculations
Authors: Jabri A. , Fontanari D. , Roucou A. , Bray C. , Hindle F. , Dhont G. , Mouret G. , Bocquet R. , Cuisset A.
Published: March 2019

Because methoxyphenols (MP) are emitted in significant quantities during biomass fires and contribute to the secondary organic aerosols formation which impacts the climate, their gas phase monitoring in the atmosphere is crucial and requires accurate rovibrational cross sections determined with a good knowledge of their ground state (GS) and vibrationally excited state (ES) molecular parameters. Therefore, the rotational spectra of the two isomers, 2-MP (guaïacol) and 4-MP (mequinol), have been measured in absorption and in emission at room temperature using a frequency multiplication chain and a mm-wave Fourier transform chirped-pulse spectrometer, respectively. Guided by quantum chemistry calculations, the conformational landscape has been characterised and the observation of only one rotamer in the spectra of 2-MP and 4-MP has been explained. For 2-MP, the most stable conformation is justified by an intramolecular O–H⋯OCH3 hydrogen-bond which has been characterised by a topology analysis of the electron density. In a global fit including more than 30 000 line assignments, rotational and quartic centrifugal constants of the GS and the three lowest energy ES have been determined allowing to reproduce the millimeter-wave spectra at the experimental accuracy. The same work has been performed on the cis-rotamer of 4-MP highlighting some perturbations marring the fit quality for two vibrationally ES. Finally, the isomeric dependence of the negative inertial defect ΔI agrees with that of the lowest energy out of plane mode ν45, and the variation of ΔI with the degree of vibrational excitation allows a fine estimation of v45 = 1 vibrational wavenumber.
Mapping developmental maturation of inner hair cell ribbon synapses in the apical mouse cochlea
Authors: Michanski Susann , Smaluch Katharina , Steyer Anna Maria , Chakrabarti Rituparna , Setz Cristian , Oestreicher David , Fischer Christian , Möbius Wiebke , Moser Tobias , Vogl Christian , Wichmann Carolin
Published: March 2019

Significance

Hearing relies on temporally precise and indefatigable transmission of sensory information mediated by inner hair cell (IHC) ribbon synapses. Synaptic ribbons are electron-dense structures that tether numerous vesicles at the active zone (AZ) and drive neural encoding of acoustical signals by neurotransmitter release. The mechanisms of ribbon formation, AZ targeting and subsequent functional maturation in murine IHCs remain elusive. By combining various high-resolution imaging techniques, we analyzed multiple developmental stages and provide a new hypothesis for the assembly of auditory ribbon synapses from the apical cochlear turn. Our findings suggest that fusion of presynaptic ribbons contributes to the morphological AZ development that is essential for the functional maturation of afferent synaptic transmission within the cochlea.
Injured liver-released miRNA-122 elicits acute pulmonary inflammation via activating alveolar macrophage TLR7 signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Yanbo , Liang Hongwei , Jin Fangfang , Yan Xin , Xu Guifang , Hu Huanhuan , Liang Gaoli , Zhan Shoubin , Hu Xiuting , Zhao Quan , Liu Yuan , Jiang Zhen-You , Zhang Chen-Yu , Chen Xi , Zen Ke
Published: March 2019

Hepatic injury is often accompanied by pulmonary inflammation and tissue damage, but the underlying mechanism is not fully elucidated. Here we identify hepatic miR-122 as a mediator of pulmonary inflammation induced by various liver injuries. Analyses of acute and chronic liver injury mouse models confirm that liver dysfunction can cause pulmonary inflammation and tissue damage. Injured livers release large amounts of miR-122 in an exosome-independent manner into the circulation compared with normal livers. Circulating miR-122 is then preferentially transported to mouse lungs and taken up by alveolar macrophages, in which it binds Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and activates inflammatory responses. Depleting miR-122 in mouse liver or plasma largely abolishes liver injury-induced pulmonary inflammation and tissue damage. Furthermore, alveolar macrophage activation by miR-122 is blocked by mutating the TLR7-binding GU-rich sequence on miR-122 or knocking out macrophage TLR7. Our findings reveal a causative role of hepatic miR-122 in liver injury-induced pulmonary dysfunction.
Molecular basis of chromatin remodeling by Rhp26, a yeast CSB ortholog
Authors: Wang Wei , Xu Jun , Limbo Oliver , Fei Jia , Kassavetis George A. , Chong Jenny , Kadonaga James T. , Russell Paul , Li Bing , Wang Dong
Published: March 2019

Significance

Cockayne syndrome B protein (CSB), conserved from yeast to humans, plays crucial roles in DNA repair, gene expression, chromatin remodeling, and maintenance. However, the molecular basis of chromatin remodeling by CSB is not well understood. Here we used Rhp26, a yeast CSB ortholog, as a model protein. We revealed that the molecular basis of chromatin remodeling and nucleosomal epitope recognition by Rhp26 is distinct from that of canonical chromatin remodelers. The remodeling activities are bidirectionally regulated by two CSB-specific motifs and depend on H4 tails. This study provides important insights into understanding the molecular mechanisms of chromatin remodeling by CSB and its implications in DNA repair and transcription.
(
2R,6R
)-hydroxynorketamine exerts mGlu
2
receptor-dependent antidepressant actions
Authors: Zanos Panos , Highland Jaclyn N. , Stewart Brent W. , Georgiou Polymnia , Jenne Carleigh E. , Lovett Jacqueline , Morris Patrick J. , Thomas Craig J. , Moaddel Ruin , Zarate Carlos A. , Gould Todd D.
Published: March 2019

Significance

Despite available medications for depression, currently approved antidepressants take months to exert therapeutic effects, and ∼30% of patients remain treatment resistant. In contrast, a single subanesthetic dose of ketamine exerts rapid (within hours) and sustained antidepressant actions. Preclinical studies indicate that the ketamine metabolite (
2R
,
6R
)-hydroxynorketamine [(
2R
,
6R
)-HNK] is a rapid-acting antidepressant candidate with limited adverse effects compared with ketamine. Using behavioral, genetic, and pharmacological approaches and EEG measurements, we determined that the mechanism underlying antidepressant-relevant actions of (
2R
,
6R
)-HNK converges with metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 2 (mGlu
2
) receptor signaling and identified high-frequency EEG oscillations as a marker associated with rapid antidepressant responses. Our data support the use of individually subtherapeutic doses of mGlu
2
receptor inhibitors with ketamine or (
2R
,
6R
)-HNK in clinical trials for the treatment of depression.
Effects of microstructure formation on the stability of vapor-deposited glasses
Authors: Moore Alex R. , Huang Georgia , Wolf Sarah , Walsh Patrick J. , Fakhraai Zahra , Riggleman Robert A.
Published: March 2019

Significance

An enhanced rate of surface equilibration is critical in the formation of stable glasses (SGs) upon physical vapor deposition. We investigate the role of two factors in surface equilibration: surface diffusion and molecular relaxation below the free surface. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations are used to explore the stability of microstructure-forming molecules. For molecules more prone to microstructure formation, surface diffusion slows due to clustering, while the surface relaxation dynamics slow due to the surface segregation of the tails. Combined, the ability to form SGs is significantly reduced. Importantly, we demonstrate that surface diffusion is not the only factor for SG formation, and significant rearrangements occur below the immediate free surface, resulting in reduced bilayer formation despite tail surface segregation.
RBFox2-miR-34a-Jph2 axis contributes to cardiac decompensation during heart failure
Authors: Hu Jing , Gao Chen , Wei Chaoliang , Xue Yuanchao , Shao Changwei , Hao Yajing , Gou Lan-Tao , Zhou Yu , Zhang Jianlin , Ren Shuxun , Chen Ju , Wang Yibin , Fu Xiang-Dong
Published: March 2019

Significance

Heart failure is a major cause of mortality in humans. In a heart failure model induced by pressure overloading, we previously reported that the RNA binding protein RBFox2 was greatly diminished, leading to impaired excitation–contraction (EC) coupling. We have now pursued the mechanism for RBFox2 ablation-induced EC-coupling defects, revealing that RBFox2 depletion and resultant cardiac stress induce a set of microRNAs, including miR-34a, which directly targets the critical EC coupler
Jph2
to further stress the heart. Significantly, systematic administration of a miR-34a antagomir is able to attenuate RBFox2 ablation-induced heart failure. These findings suggest a critical role of the RBFox2-miR-34a-Jph2 axis in causing progressive failure, which may be therapeutically intervened with a microRNA antagomir.