bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Strawberry Irrigation Sustainability in Southern Spain Using FAO Methodology
Authors: Gavilán Pedro , Ruiz Natividad , Miranda Luis , Martínez-Ferri Elsa , Contreras Juana , Baeza Rafael , Lozano David
Published: March 2021

Irrigation sustainability is particularly important in the vicinity of Doñana National Park (Huelva, Spain), where Europe’s most important wetland area coexists with a profitable strawberry irrigation activity. In this paper, an innovation and technology transfer project was laid out. The project was promoted by the Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), belonging to the Regional Government of Andalusia. The main objective of the project was to contribute to the sustainability of the complex ecological, productive, and social system of this region. The project was focused on the rational use of water resources. Experimentation, demonstration, technology transfer, and training activities were carried out, involving public administrations, companies, and private farms. The project was carried out in collaboration with strawberry companies covering a total surface area of 1900 hectares. Irrigation application efficiency and irrigation water productivity increased by 66% and there was also a significant increase in water saving (44%), without resulting production losses. The success of the activity was based on the implication of farmers in experimentation assignments. During a five-year time span, irrigation trials took place on several farms. This fact allowed a progressive improvement of irrigation management by farmers based on confidence in the experimental work results.
Explant culture and multilineage differentiation of amniotic membrane derived stem cells
Authors: ÖZDEN AKKAYA Özlem , KIBRIA Asm Golam , YAĞCI Artay , ERDOĞAN Metin , ALTUNBAŞ Korhan
Published: March 2021

Amniotic membrane derived stem cells (AMSCs) are reported to have a comparatively higher potency than multipotent stem cells. These cells are shown to have low immunogenicity and no teratogenicity. Among various conventional methods of isolation using enzymes, explant culture method is believed to be an easy and cost-effective way to harvest stem cells. The purpose of this study was to isolate AMSCs from amniotic membrane of rats and to characterize them for multilineage differentiation, including generation of neurospheres to use them later in in-vivo experiments. Amniotic membranes were collected from Wistar rats on 17th day of pregnancy. After processing of the tissues, AMSCs were isolated by the explant culture method and continued to grow until 10th passage. The doubling time was estimated and the cells were analyzed for growth curve parameters at passages 5 and 9. The osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation studies were carried out from the same cells after 3rd passage. Neurospheres generation from AMSCs was performed using neurogenic induction media. The cells were further assessed for their mesenchymal, haemopoietic, and neurogenic marker expressions by immunofluorescence staining and PCR analysis The study suggests that AMSCs isolated through explant culture are reliable stem cells which could generate neurospheres under proper induction conditions and could be a potential candidate to be used on in-vivo neural degeneration models.
DETEKSI DINI KANKER PAYUUDARA MELALUI PEMERIKSAAN PAYUDARA SENDIRI PADA WS DI DESA BATUBULAN KANGIN GIANYAR TAHUN 2019
Authors: Somoyani Ni Ketut
Published: March 2021

Breast cancer is a malignancy originating from the milk glands, glandular channels and supporting breast tissue. Breast cancer can be avoided if women know how to prevent the occurrence of the disease. One of them is doing breast self-examination to detect breast cancer early. The purpose of this community service is to increase knowledge and attitudes of Women of childbearing age in conducting breast self-examination in Batubulan Village, , Sukawati, Gianyar. The number of the targets participating in this activity was 55 people. The method used is lectures, questions and answers and guidance on how to realize. Before counseling, a pre-test with 22% results in the good category and 55% with a positive attitude about early detection of breast cancer through awareness, while the post-test results showed 80% good knowledge and 100% with a positive attitude. All targets choose to have regular breast checks every month even though there are no complaints. Health workers are expected to continue the health promotion program specifically in the field of reproductive health so that it is carried out routinely atthrough integrated service activities or at the time of service at the community of health
Penyuluhan tentang Penanggulangan TB Paru dan Sanitasi Rumah Sehat Bagi Penderita TB Paru di Wilayah Kerja UPT Kesmas Sukawati Kabupaten Gianyar
Authors: Mahayana I Made Bulda
Published: March 2021

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease transmitted by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a cause of death especially in developing countries throughout the world. The aim of community service is to find out how the knowledge of patients with pulmonary TB before and after counseling is given about prevention of pulmonary TB and sanitation in healthy homes in the work area of Sukawati II Public Health Unit, Gianyar Regency. The population in this community service is 33 TB sufferers. The method used in community service activities is interviews, measurement and observation. Evaluation of respondents' knowledge before (pre-test) and after (post-test) is given guidance and counseling on the prevention of pulmonary TB and sanitation of healthy homes. There was an increase in patient knowledge about the prevention of pulmonary TB before and after being given guidance and counseling, which amounted to 90.9%. There was an increase in the knowledge of pulmonary TB sufferers about sanitation in a healthy home before and after being given guidance and counseling, which was 87.9%. The state of healthy home sanitation, namely: lighting 18.2%, 21.2% humidity ventilation (84.8%), floors (87.9%), occupancy density (84.8%), kitchen (100%), latrines (100%), clean water facilities (100%), waste water facilities (100%) and waste management (100%) that meet the standards.Keywords: Coaching, Counseling, Healthy Home Sanitation
Penyuluhan Gizi Dan Pemeriksaan Kadar Hb Serta KEK Pada Remaja Putri Di Kecamatan Sukawati, Kabupaten Gianyar Tahun 2019
Authors: Padmiari Ida Ayu Eka
Published: March 2021

Nutritional anemia generally occurs in women of reproductive age and children. This situation has the greatest overall effect in terms of health problems. Iron deficiency anemia is prone to occur in young women due to the increased need for iron during their infancy. The proportion of Chronic Energy Deficiency (KEK) in pregnant women in Sukawati District in 2017 was 34 mothers and in 2018 increased to as many as 40 pregnant women experiencing KEK, while the proportion of KEK in adolescent girls was not yet available. Likewise with the Proportion of Anemia in young women there is no data yet. Therefore, the servants will carry out Hb examination and measurement of LILA (Upper Arm Circumference) on young women in Sukawati sub-district, Gianyar Regency. The purpose of the Community Service is to provide counseling on nutrition, especially in the prevention of Anemia and KEK as well as examining hemoglobin levels in young women in Sukawati District, Gianyar Regency. The method used to achieve the objectives of community service is the method of lecture, discussion and examination of Hb levels and measurement of MUAC.Examination of hemoglobin levels was performed to determine the anemia status of the target. The average Hb level was 12.85 g / dl while the lowest value was 9.1 g / dl while the highest was 14.6 g / dl. Of the 50 targets examined found 14 targets (28%) anemia and 36 targets (72%) were not anemic. Determination of KEK status is done by measuring the target upper arm circumference (MUAC). Of the 50 targets measured there were 17 targets (34%) experienced KEK and 33 targets (66%) did not experience KEK. The conclusion of this community service counseling about Anemia and KEK in the prevention of anemia and KEK has succeeded in increasing good knowledge to be above 50%, Adolescent girls who have anemia by 28%, Adolescent girls who experience chronic Less Energy (KEK) by 34% in Sukawati District Gianyar RegencyKeywords: Anemia, Chronic Energy Deficiency, Adolescent Girls
KONSELING MEROKOK BERJENJANGTERAPI NON FARMAKOLOGI PADA PEROKOKLANSIA PEREMPUAN DI DATARAN TINGGI DIENG
Authors: Widiyaningsih Dwi Widiyaningsih
Published: March 2021

Cold temperatures in fact become a fact why smoking behavior in the Dieng plateau is increasingly growing and cultivating, not only among adolescents, adults and even the elderly according to a survey conducted by researchers, 9 out of 10 elderly people smoke. Even more astonishing data are from 9 elderly people who smoke 3 of whom are elderly women. Smoking behavior among elderly women in the Dieng Plateau is even made as one of the tourist destination icons that often invites curiosity both foreign and domestic tourism, because it is taboo in society's view in general but instead it is used as one of the strategies to attract tourists. Elderly women smoke at first in the sacred event of cutting dreads because the social status of elderly women who smoke comes from a high social status but has an impact on the sustainability of smoking behavior which will certainly result in the emergence of various diseases and other losses due to smoking such as increased ISPA and heart disease suffered by a child whose mother smokes. Various government efforts in controlling smoking behavior have also been carried out and one of the efforts is by giving non-pharmacological therapy to smokers. The method in this activity is in-depth and tiered counseling to 17 respondents, after being grouped into 3 categories (wanting to quit smoking, wanting to reduce, and continuing to smoke) and giving non-pharmacological therapy is given based on their respective categories. In the group that wants to quit smoking the counseling given is motivational so that the smoker really wants to leave the cigarette with a success rate of 100%, for group respondents wanting to reduce the attainment of counseling is 65% while the group continues to smoke has not been reached because the success rate of counseling is still low at 12 % only.
Membangun Partisipasi Siswa Dalam Pemanfaatan Media Promosi Kesehatan Online Perilakuhidupsehat.Org Di SMK Pariwisata Sila Chandra Batubulan, Kecamatan Sukawati Kabupaten Gianyar Tahun 2019
Authors: Kusumayanti GA Dewi , Suiraoka I Putu
Published: March 2021

The opportunity to use the internet as a health promotion strategy is expected to improve the degree of public health. This technology is able to facilitate the delivery of information more closely, reaching healthy but irregular individuals in contact with health services. The purpose of this community service activity is to find out changes in knowledge about healthy living behaviors and participation in the use of online health promotion media "behavior livesehat.org". The target in this community service activity is students at the Sila Chandra Batubulan Tourism Vocational School, Sukawati District, Gianyar Regency. These community service activities are carried out using direct and indirect socialization methods. Evaluation of the process is done by conducting interviews with community service goals, monitoring the level of attendance of community service participants and activeness. In this socialization activity students listened intently to the material presented. The results of the pre-test target show the lowest value of 20 and the highest value of 80 with an average of 52.14 + 15.71. While the post-test results show the lowest value of 50 and the highest of 100 with an average of 70.71 + 10.51. There was a significant increase in knowledge based on paired t test results (p 0.05). Keywords: Online Media, Student, School Health Education Program
Commentaria archaeologica et historica (III). Chronology of the Dacian Silver Hoards
Authors: Rustoiu Aurel
Published: March 2021

These comments stem from the recent publication of a number of studies regarding the silver artefacts of pre-Roman Dacia, with important implications for the relative and absolute chronology of the late La Tène period in the region in question, and also for some cultural and historical transformations that happened in the same area. Some of the conclusions presented in these studies are insufficiently supported by arguments. Their publication requires a detailed analysis, which is meant to clarify a number of controversial aspects. For example, D. Spânu has recently divided the evolution of the Dacian silver hoards into two phases dated to the La Tène D2a and D2b (the period between ca. 75 – 65 BC and the Augustan age). To support this chronology, he chose to ignore a series of hoards, or only certain artefacts from other hoards, which did not fit into the suggested model. These efforts to push the chronology of the Dacian silver hoards within a particular time frame stem from his aim to use these discoveries as arguments for a series of a priori historical interpretations for which archaeological evidence is scant. This includes the idea that the local silver ornaments were all made exclusively of melted Mediterranean coins which supposedly reached pre-Roman Dacia massively only after the defeating of Mithridates VI Eupator and the fall of the Kingdom of Pontus. However, the analysis of the silver jewellery from pre-Roman Dacia is demonstrating that the artefacts in question were made using both locally-sourced silver and melted Mediterranean coins. Chronologically, these hoards can be divided into three phases: first group dated to the La Tène D1, 150/125 – 75/50 BC; second group belongs to the La Tène D2, 75/50 – 30/25 BC; third group dated to the Augustan – Tiberian period, 30/25 BC – AD 25/30. It can be therefore concluded that the scenario proposed by D. Spânu for the chronology of the end of the Late Iron Age in the lower Danube region and Transylvania, based on an erroneous dating of the silver hoards, is not credible. This kind of analysis requires the incorporation of different categories of archaeological evidence belonging to the last three centuries before the Roman conquest. Their contextual interpretation could provide a more reliable and detailed chronology of the evolution of the communities from each of the two territories in question. Lastly, this evolution was not uniformly equal across wide areas, as suggested by the typo-chronological tables and schemes drawn in the office by some researchers, since each community had its own history and evolution governed by a multitude of different social, economic, demographic or ecological factors.
Possibilities of Studying the Operator Qualities of a Cosmonaut with the Help a Helicopter for the Benefit of Future Manned Space Programs.
Authors: Vlasov P.N. , Kislitsin V.N. , Kharlamov M.M. , Kryuchkov B.I. , Solodnikov A.V. , Usov V.M. , Burdin B.V.
Published: March 2021

The paper investigates the methodical and organizational issues of the use of existing helicopters in order to evaluate cosmonauts’ operator qualities for the benefit future manned space missions. The methodology for studying the ef-fects of long-duration staying in space on the quality of activity of a cosmo-naut-operator who controls a complex dynamic human-machine system has been designed and tested. The paper offers the system of objective indications for the evaluation of cosmonauts’ operator qualities according to the results of a series of preliminary experiments.
Rentabilität und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit einer Robotaxi Flotte – Eine makroskopische Verkehrssimulation in der Stadt Zürich
Authors: Richter Maximilian , Hess Johannes
Published: March 2021

Um die Vorteile von Robotaxis im urbanen Raum zu realisieren, muss die Profitabilität des Service gewährleistet sein. DieserArtikel untersucht das Preisniveau mit Hilfe einer makroskopischen Verkehrssimulation in Zürich. Um die finanzielle Rentabilitätzu ermitteln, werden die Simulationsergebnisse mit einer umfangreichen Kostenanalyse kombiniert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen,dass Fahrten für 0,32 bis 0,42 CHF pro Kilometer angeboten werden können und sich Robotaxis bei entsprechender Auslastungvoraussichtlich unter dem Preisniveau vieler herkömmlicher Mobilitätslösungen etablieren.
Akzeptanz eines automatisierten Shuttles in einer Kleinstadt Analyse anhand einer Trendstudie und Fahrgastbefragung
Authors: Mantel Rebekka
Published: March 2021

Die durchgeführte Trendstudie und Befragung der Fahrgäste untersucht die Akzeptanz des automatisierten Shuttles im Laufeseiner Einführung in der Kleinstadt Lauenburg/Elbe. Dabei werden Einstellungsunterschiede der Befragten mit und ohne Testfahrtuntersucht. Um Einflussfaktoren auf eine annehmende oder ablehnende Haltung zu identifizieren, werden die Akzeptanzaspektedes fahrerlosen Shuttles sowie der Zukunftsperspektive und Nutzungsbereitschaft differenziert. Insgesamt wirddie Fahrt mit dem Shuttle positiv wahrgenommen.
Towards sustainable livelihood in the Tanzanian informal economy: Facilitating inclusion, organization, and rights for street vendors
Authors: Steiler Ilona , Nyirenda Chediel
Published: March 2021

In spite of having some intensive national strategies to address poverty, Tanzania lacks a coherent national strategy to ensure sustainable livelihoods for those working in its informal economy, of which street vending is an important sector. Based on qualitative, in-depth data collected through interviews and participant observation between 2014 and 2019, our research scrutinizes how recent policies are improving the sustainable livelihoods of street vendors. We suggest two related foci for research and policy intervention. Firstly, the considerable diversity among street vendors regarding employment relation, gender, age, capital, and assets must be taken into account to design inclusive and sustainable policies. Secondly, the current policies and issuing of identification cards offer new opportunities for vendors to organize and claim their rights, but they need to be unambiguously enshrined in law. This will improve smooth and fair revenue collection and, importantly, street vendor organization and representation in decision-making processes at various levels of government.
Um balanço crítico dos primeiros 18 meses da política educacional do governo Bolsonaro
Authors: Torres Michelangelo
Published: March 2021

TORRES, Michelangelo. Um balanço crítico dos primeiros 18 meses da política educacional do governo Bolsonaro. In: FARIA, Fabiano Godinho; MARQUES, Mauro Luiz Barbosa (Org.). Giros à direita: análises e perspectivas sobre o campo líbero-conservador. Sobral-CE: Editora SertãoCult, 2020, p. 159-173.
Ultraliberalismo autoritário e o aprofundamento da dependência: o governo de extrema direita no Brasil no contexto da crise latino-americana
Authors: Moreno Montenegro David
Published: March 2021

MONTENEGRO, David Moreno. Ultraliberalismo autoritário e o aprofundamento da dependência: o governo de extrema direita no Brasil no contexto da crise latino-americana. In: FARIA, Fabiano Godinho; MARQUES, Mauro Luiz Barbosa (Org.). Giros à direita: análises e perspectivas sobre o campo líbero-conservador. Sobral-CE: Editora SertãoCult, 2020, p. 46-70.
Predictibility and aesthetics in the anterior sector
Authors: OROZCO-RODRIGUEZ Rubén , ROSADO-VILA Graciella , ZAPATA-MAY Rafael , PINZON-SIERRA Patricia
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Today the aesthetic demand in dentistry occupies the first places in terms of consultation needs in the dental office, that is why, as providers of dental health services, we are obliged to offer treatment options that meet standards of quality, functionality, aesthetics, predictability among other things and that are available to different social levels4. There are techniques that supported by elements such as Digital Smile Design (DSD) 9, wax up and mockup5 offer excellent, predictable aesthetic results, with the option of choosing different materials that are available to all our patients from composite resin to better than we find today; the porcelain clinical case: A 25-year-old female patient who goes to a dental office for teeth whitening, when diagnosing the case, the presence of diastema was observed in the upper centers, as well as anomalies regarding aesthetic smile parameters such as pigmentation, proportions , incisal edge line, among other things. Diagnostic waxing, mockup and photographs were performed to evaluate the result. The treatment plan consisted of 6 resin veneers made with the fluid resin injection technique through a transparent silicone matrix (Flow injection technique). RESULTS: The prognosis of the case is considered favorable, taking into account that the treatment with Resins is not definitive, however functional and aesthetic results were achieved properly. Conclusions: There are several treatment alternatives for the solution of aesthetic problems, which adapt to the possibilities of each patient, the mockup is a necessary tool for obtaining predictable treatments. The fluid resin injection technique is a good aesthetic and functional treatment, which sometimes does not require the minimum wear of the teeth to be treated.
Determination of protein of edible insects
Authors: González-Aguilar Delia , Galván-Lozano Diana , Pacheco-Gallardo Carlos , Cabrera-Díaz Elisa
Published: March 2021

Mexico is a country with a wide variety of edible insects. Because of its high protein intake, insect consumption is proposed as a solution to hunger. However, studies on nutritional value are necessary.The objective of this work was the determination of chapulin protein. In this study, 14 chapulin (Sphenarium purpuarascens) samples collected in Guadalajara from Oaxaca and Morelos were analyzed and processed according to the Weende proximate analysis methodology that includes the Kjeldahl procedure for protein determination. The results on fresh weight basis were: water 22.68%, dry matter 77.32%, ashes 12.8%, fat 6.78%, fiber 3.38%, protein 33.15% and nitrogen free extract 21.21%. Protein digestibility was 91.21%. Because of the protein content, chapulin flour can be used as a protein ingredient in other food products.
Bruxism, stress and anxiety in young people
Authors: Capetillo-Hernandez Guadalupe Rosalía , Torres-Capetillo Evelyn Guadalupe , Ochoa-Martínez Rosa Elena , Flores-Aguilar Silvia Georgina
Published: March 2021

Introduction. The bruxism is the act of clenching and/or grinding the teeth, a habit that compromises the orofacial region. It is often associated with emotional aspects, such as anxiety and stress, and can lead to alterations in orofacial structures, functional modifications and social repercussions. (1). The etiology of bruxism is unclear, but the condition has been associated with stress, occlusal disorders, allergies and sleep positioning. (2). Objective. To determine the relationship between bruxism, stress and anxiety in university students of the Universidad Veracruzana. Methodology. We conducted a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study in students of the Faculty of Engineering. Evaluation instruments were applied to measure anxiety, stress and the presence of bruxism, as well as the clinical examination that allowed to diagnose the presence of manifestations of bruxism. Contribution. Comparing the level of stress and anxiety of the individuals who presented dental damage and those who did not present it, no significant differences were found between the two groups, which confirms the uncertain etiology of this pathology. However, it is essential to note that the study was carried out in university students and that at an early age, they present important manifestations of bruxism.
On the Issue of the Techniques Comparison in Respect of Degree of Impact upon Environment when Developing BAT Reference Books
Authors:   Belyaev S.D.
Published: March 2021

According to the RF Government direction, 47 sector BAT reference books are to be developed during the 2015–2017 period in order to support the Russian legislation requirements aimed at implementation of the norms of impact upon environment at the best available techniques (BAT) level. Ten of them were developed and approved in 2015. Analysis of the text of one of the reference books, namely «Waste water treatment with the use of centralized water disposal systems of inhabited locations and urban districts» backed the presence of significant gaps in the BAT application methodological support. Analysis of the current Russian normative and methodological support of the BAT reference books development and application of the technological norms for the nature use management practice, as well as the relevant European experience is given. The issues of comparative assessment of nature users’ impact upon water bodies when using various techniques are considered. The possibility of the use of wide-spread European models for assessment of impacts upon environment in assessment of a product life cycle is shown. A number of recommendations and proposals including the necessity of a detailed revision of the BAT reference books development methodical support have been given. The principal requirements to such kind of support have been listed. Upgrading of the methodical support carried out on the basis of the wide discussion by all stakeholders is to be aimed at improvement of the BAT validity in the process of future editions of the BAR reference books publication, stipulated by the legislation.
Features of the Density Stratification Effects Numerical Simulation in the Greater Reservoirs Dynamics
Authors:   Lepikhin A.P., Lyubimova T.P., Parshakova Y.N., Lyakhin Y.S., Bogomolov A.V.
Published: March 2021

Density stratification effects determined by temperature fields and mineralization fields’ distribution heterogeneity can play an essential role in formation of both hydrological and hydro/chemical regime of surface water bodies. At that, they cannot be described within the frameworks of hydrodynamic models in a shallow water statement. Description of these processes within the framework of the combined approach based on the models conjunction in 1D,2D,3D statement with the study cases (water quality formation downstream the Chusvaya and the Sylva rivers confluence in the Kama thermal electro station backwater; features of the Kama reservoir thermal contamination zones formation due to the Kama thermal electro station operation; special features of the high density waste waters diffusion in water bodies) has been made. It has been demonstrated that the proposed calculation scheme will enable to reproduce effectively the processes of the Sylva River more dense water mass dribbling under the Chusovaya waters during winter periods. This has a critical significance for the city of Perm sustainable drinking water supply. It has been shown (with the thermal contamination zones formed by the Perm thermal power station as a study case) that the proposed approach much more reliable in reproduction and assessment of the temperature fields under study than traditional hydro/dynamic shallow water model in 2D statement. Estimation of the potassium industry excessive brines impact on the Kama reservoir has demonstrated higher effectiveness of the proposed method in comparison with those defined by the currently in force regulatory guidelines.
Causes of the Transboundary Lake Khanka Extreme High Water Level
Authors:   Bortin N.N., Gorchakov A.M.
Published: March 2021

Reasons of the extremely high water level in Lake Khanka (it was 0.5 m higher the historical maximum over the past years) have been revealed within the frameworks of the carried out exploration. The lake capacity characteristics alteration due to the natural and anthropogenic factors’ impact has been assessed. We have considered the factors that form the Lake Khanka level regime, i.e. natural: atmosphere circulation, atmospheric perspiration, river inflow to the lake, evaporation from the lake surface, and outflow; anthropogenic: economic activities on the catchment on Russian and Chinese territories (hydro/melioration and the runoff transfer). The passage capacity of the Sungachi River, the only outflow from the lake, has been analyzed in details at different water levels in Lake Khanka. The paper is based on summing up and analysis of information on the lake hydro/meteorological regime and economic activities on its catchment, as well as reference literature. As a result of the study the authors for the first time has identified the main reason of the abnormal rise of the Kanka level. It was found that the significant transformation of the lake level regime occurred due to the Mulinkhe Rivers runoff transfer to Lake Malaya Khanka from the People’s Republic of China. A forecast of the lake level for 2016 taking into consideration different scenarios of the basin moistening has been given. In connection with the forecasted rise of the water level in Lake Khanka in the nearest future we propose a number of measures aimed to minimize inevitable damage to the Russian party.
The Rybinsk Reservoir Water Quality: the Dissolved Oxygen Regime.
Authors:   Stepanova I.E.
Published: March 2021

This study was undertaken to investigate the dissolved oxygen content and saturation percentage in surface and near-bottom water of the Rybinsk Reservoir in 2011-2015 with Winkler method. Seasonal and annual variations of the oxygen concentrations in the water body were identified. It was found that in summer time shallower water in the Main part was seldom subjected to oxygen stratification and if stratification occurred it ass less expressed than in deeper parts of the reservoir. Comparison of the new data on the dissolve oxygen concentration with the previously obtained data was made. Over the past years, there have not been any significant changes in the reservoir oxygen regime. The dissolved oxygen concentration in the reservoir seldom reached full saturation of the studied period. On average, aquatic organisms in the water body have enough dissolved oxygen. However, sometimes its concentration in nearbottom layers drops to critically low levels, threatening aquatic life.
Water-efficient Technique for Drainage Systems’ Operations Planning.
Authors:   Yurchenko I. F.
Published: March 2021

A well-developed computer technology of planning operation measures for the melioration water/economic complex confirmed by the results of analysis of the limited investments multi-version distribution is presented. Urgency of research is determined by methodological, technological and organizational improvement of approaches to analysis and evaluation of economic activity under conditions of growing requirements for water conservation and land management in reclaimed agricultural landscapes. To improve information support and the decision making when determining the list and amount of preventive measures to reduce unproductive losses of irrigation water a computer technique on planning of reclamation projects’ operation has been developed. Innovations in the technology are focused on the models having informational and technological support of decision making, which ensure their high quality at the stage of adoption. The structure of the system and the functional blocks of the technology are characterized in the paper. The system of indicators and their criteria values to include reclamation projects in the list of priority sites which need current or capital repair, reconstruction on the base of deviations of actual water supply(drainage flow) and irrigation water efficiency from the standard values has been proposed. The model and algorithm on planning and optimization of water management system operation are presented. Pilot tests of software for the objects of the South (SFD) and the North Caucasus Federal district have been done in the public corporation “Sevkavgiprovodhoz”. The application of computer technology increases the efficiency management decisions making on reclamation systems operation and their effects on natural and socio economic processes as the result of agricultural production due to quantitative methods of analysis, corresponding to modern requirements of the theory and practice of management.
Application of Nonorganic Sorbents for Treatment of Radioactively-contaminated Natural Waters and Liquid Radioactive Waste.
Authors:   Nogoviytsina Y.B., Voronina A.V., Gritskevich E.Y., Nikiforov A.F.
Published: March 2021

Comparative analysis of the method of natural radioactively-contaminated waters and model liquid radioactive waste containing B-Trilon, ammonium acetate, and NaNO3 with natural and artificial nonorganic sorbents (aluminum silicates, ferrocyanide sorbents based on hydrated titanium dioxide, klinoptyalolith, glauconit, Termoxid-3A and Termoxid-35 sorbents) was carried out. It was demonstrated that when treating low-saline solutions and drinking water in respect of cesium radio nuclides the highest distribution ration 1.0·107 ml/g was observed for NKF- klinoptyalolith sorbent. When decontaminate solutions containing B-Trilon the cesium distribution ratios with artificial sorbents Т-35, NKF- hydrated titanium dioxide and natural aluminum silicates (klinoptyalolith and glauconit) were comparable and equal, depending on the B-Trilon concentration ~102‒103 ml/g. To treat high-saline NaNO3 solutions NKF- hydrated titanium dioxide and NKF- glauconit were effective: cesium distribution ratios from NaNO3 solution with 2 mol/l concentration were 6.1·104 and 1.7 ·104 ml/g, respectively.
Application of an Environmental Norm Setting Method for Assessment of a Aquatic Ecosystem Status (the Ild River Mouth Area and Rybinsk Reservoir as Study Cases).
Authors:   Kuchay L.A., Otyukova N.G.
Published: March 2021

The presented work has been done within the framework of hydro/ecological studying of the Volga River basin small rivers. For the first time in the many-year history of the Rybinsk reservoir studies the objective was to assess the tributaries (that formed the water quality) status. Observation date (2006–2010) of hydro/chemical and hydro/physical components of one of the tributaries, the Ild River, free flow, three moth zones and the area nearest to the river emptying site, Koprino of the Volga Reach have been al analyzed in order to assess these waters quality.The article has used Harrington desirability function which coordinates the system (or water quality) ecological status conventional points in order to assess the ecosystems status meeting specific values of an ecological parameter. Desirability functions have been plotted for iron (total Fe, dissolved Fe, mg/l), oxygen (О2, mg/l), permanganate oxidizability (PO, mg/l), chemical and biochemical oxygen demand (COD and BOD5, mg/l), salt composition macro/components: – magnesium (Mg, mg/l), calcium (Ca, mg/l), sulfates (SO4, mg/l), potassium (K, mg/l), chorine (Cl, mg/l), sodium (Na, mg/l), alkalinity (НСО3, mg/l), as well as color (grade) and suspended matter (mg/l). With the help of these functions the tables of the normal components values have been formed. The component value intervals (norms) have been obtained for the Harrington scale linguistic assessment (from “very good” to “very bad”) that can serve an expert assessment of the tributary under study water quality.
Adamus Quirinus Krasnodębski SJ (1628-1702) eiusque philosophicum opus
Authors: Bargieł Franciszek
Published: March 2021

Sub hoc titulo, sed lingua polona, publicata est in ephemeride "Archiwum Historii Filozofii i Myśli Społecznej" (Warszawa 1981, t. 27, p. 291-332) 40 paginarum dissertatio de uno e bene meritis in philosophico campo Societatis Iesu auctoribus saeculi XVII Cuius brevis latina synthesis pro „Fori Philosophici" lectoribus hic proponitur. Auctor enim ille breves solum hucusque obtinebat notitias, ast ipsius Philosophia Aristotelis explicata [...], anno 1678 publici iuris facta, accuratiorem visa est mereri ac postulari considerationem. Aperte dictum est ita in quadam ex eius recensionibus. En ratio praesentis articuli de vita textuque publicato ab Adamo Quirine Krasnodębski.
Prof. Jan Popiel SJ (1914-2003)
Authors: Darowski Roman
Published: March 2021

Jan Popiel urodził się dnia 28 I 1914 r. w Brodnicy k. Śremu w Wielkopolsce w głęboko religijnej rodzinie ziemiańskiej. Był synem Michała i Jadwigi z Mańkowskich. Młodość spędził wraz z pięciorgiem rodzeństwa w majątku rodzinnym w Wójczy k. Pacanowa. Dwie jego siostry obrały zakonny stan życia w Zgromadzeniu Sióstr Urszulanek Serca Jezusa Konającego (Urszulanki Szare). Pierwszą i drugą klasę gimnazjalną Jan przerabiał prywatnie w latach 1923-1925 i pod koniec roku zdawał egzaminy w Gimnazjum św. Anny w Krakowie (po II wojnie światowej Liceum B. Nowodworskiego). Następne kilka miesięcy wykorzystał na naukę języka niemieckiego (1925/1926). Od 1926 do 1932 r. kształcił się w prowadzonym przez jezuitów zakładzie naukowo-wychowawczym Stella Matutina w Feldkirch, Vorarlberg, w Austrii . Osiem klas gimnazjum klasycznego zakończył egzaminem maturalnym w 1932 r. Maturę nostryfikował przed Komisją Kuratorium Okręgu Szkolnego Krakowskiego (20 II 1933).
An Obituary for Prof. Józef Kałuża
Authors: Bremer Józef
Published: March 2021

After the unexpected death of Professor Józef Kałuża at the age of 74 on the 26th of July 2003, not only Polish neuropathology but also Polish philosophy of medical investigations lost one of its most renowned minds. Beginning in 1949, Professor Kałuża studied medical sciences for five years at the Medical Faculty of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow. He did his Ph.D. thesis in neuropathology (The dynamics of morphological changes in brain caused by mechanical injury) in the Department of Neuropathology of the Polish Academy of Science. In 1962 he received a Rockefeller Foundation scholarship and spent one year at the National Institutes of Health (in Bethesda, Maryland, USA). In 1981 Professor Kaluza was promoted to a tenured professorship in neuropathology. He is the author of more than 110 articles published in medical periodicals and coauthor of many chapters in medical handbooks.
Religion: Entstehung - Funktion - Wesen [Religia: Powstanie - funkcja - istota]
Authors: Machnacz Jerzy
Published: March 2021

Religia jest dla człowieka życiowy i życiodajny sprawy, dlatego namysł nad jej powstaniem, funkcji i istoty jest zawsze na czasie, tym bardziej w okresie postmodernistycznego zagubienia. Jeśli religia jest dla człowieka tak ważną sprawą to jego namysł nad nią nie jest niczym innym, jak myśleniem samego siebie. Jest ona bowiem tą rzeczywistością, która trafia w serce człowieka, w nerw jego życia. Religia, tak jak życie człowieka, jest uwarunkowana historycznie, to znaczy: czasowo, lokalnie, kulturowe, ma okresy wzlotów i upadków. Wydaje się, że dla człowieka nowożytnego, a zwłaszcza człowieka ostatnich dwóch wieków, religia straciła na życiowej i życiodajnej wartości, przestała być jego fundamentalną, wewnętrzną postawy wobec Boga, stała się raczej wyrazem jego kulturowo-społecznego, zewnętrznego funkcjonowania. Początki przemiany tej postawy można dzisiaj dokładnie zanalizować, jej konsekwencje dla współczesnego człowieka można opisać.
Anmerkungen zu Nietzsche
Authors: Heindl Erich J.
Published: March 2021

Will man dem Lebenswerk Nietzsches gerecht werden, so ist es unerlässlich, vier Schwerpunkten in Nietzsches Leben besondere Beachtung zu schenken, da sie von außerordentlicher Bedeutung sind, nämlich seinem Elternhaus, d.h. seiner Kindheit und Jugend, seiner Beziehung zum griechischen Altertum im Rahmen seiner Bildung, seiner intensiven Beschäftigung mit dem Werk Schopenhauers und dem Einfluss der progressiven Paralyse als Spätstadium einer acquirierten syphilitischen Erkrankung auf sein Werk, was bisher leider zu wenig kompetente Berücksichtigung erfuhr. Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844-1900) wurde in Röcken bei Lützen als Sohn eines evangelischen Pfarrers geboren. Bereits 5 Jahre danach starb sein Vater. Der Rest der Familie, bestehend aus seiner noch sehr jungen Mutter, seiner um 2 Jahre jüngeren Schwester, zweier Tanten und der sehr dominanten Großmutter, zog nach Naumburg, wo Nietzsche zunächst die Bürgerschule besuchte. Dort wuchs er in fast ausschließlich weiblicher Umgebung ganz im Geiste tiefer evangelisch - christlicher Frömmigkeit auf Die Bibelkenntnisse des sensiblen, musikalisch und literarisch äußerst begabten Knaben waren mit der Zeit so umfangreich geworden, dass man i hn scherzhaft als den kleinen Pastor bezeichnete. In dieser Zeit sind sicherlich die Wurzeln für seinen
späteren Antifeminismus zu suchen sowie seine Abneigung gegenüber dem Christentum, das er nahezu ausschließlich in der Form einer naiven, weiblich geprägten, weichlich-frömmelnden Religionsausübung kennen lernte, die ihm dekadent erscheinen musste. Er hatte so keine Gelegenheit, die eigentliche Stärke und Tiefe des Christentums zu erfahren.
Kilka uwag w związku z Refleksjami Jolanty Koszteyn
Authors: Ziemiański Stanisław
Published: March 2021

Nawiązując do artykułu polemicznego Jolanty Koszteyn Problem poczucia a problem kreacji dusz ludzkich. Refleksje na temat artykułu Stanisława Ziemiańskiego pt.: Jedna czy wiele dusz? trzeba stwierdzić, że jest w nim wiele cennych doprecyzowań, za które dziękuję, m.in. jest w nim odróżnienie traducjanizmu i generacjonizmu. Termin „traducjanizm" jest czyściej używany, ale dla tematu duszy rzeczywiscie lepszy byłby termin „generacjonizm". Ewolucja poglądów św. Augustyna na genezy duszy jest interesująca, choć w artykule idzie głównie o traducjanizm.
Teoria intelektu możnościowego i jej konsekwencje w kontekście polemiki Tomasza z Akwinu z awerroizmem łacińskim
Authors: Krasnodębski Mikołaj
Published: March 2021

The term „Latin Averroism" was introduced by P. Mandonnet to define a heretical version of Aristotle's teaching inspired by Averroes' (Ibn Rushd) philosophy. Latin Averroism separated philosophy from theology, negated free will, and stated that there was an eternal world and one intellect for all mankind. Those statements were taken from Averroes' commentaries on De anima by Aristotle (hence this discussion about Aristotle and his work). It was agreed that it was enough for any statement to bear rational truth and not necesserly Church dogma. That opinion was criticized by theologians. The Latin Averroism was introduced in 13th century at the university in Paris in the faculty ofartes liberales — Siger from Brabant, Boethius from Sweden (Boethius from Dacia) and others - as well as at Oxford University and Hohenstaufen School. The development of Latin Averroism was slowed by criticism of this doctrine in 1270 and 1277. However, it did not stop it.
Eliae Downarowicz SJ (1625-1689) Doctrina Socialis
Authors: Bargieł Franciszek
Published: March 2021

«Theologicis et Philosophicis doctrinis, ex ipsa Iuris et lustititiae, nec non Prudentiae, aliarumque Virtutum Moralium Natura desumptis, compendiario illustratus et sub auspiciis lUustrissimi Domini D. Georgii de Lubomir L U B O M I R S K I , Comitis in Visnicz et Jaroslaw: Poloniarum Archimarschalci, et Regni Exercituum Ducis, nec non Generalis Cracoviae: et Casimiriensis, Olstinensis, Chmielnicensis, Nizinensis etc. etc. Capitanei. Publicae Disputantium concertationi propositus ab Alexandro J a s k m a n i c k i , sacrae Theologiae auditore. In Cardinalitio Hosiano Collegio Societatis Jesu. Anno ab Homine Deo nato. M.DC.LXIV [1664]. Brunsbergae, Typis Henrici Schultz».
En habes, Benevolo Lector, plenum titulum libri, qui hie nostram movet attentionem (forma 29 x 18 cm, 4 + 2 + 46 paginae). Primum Auctoris biographia traditur, deinde de eiusdem operis dedicatione sermo est, postea vero ipsa eins politica et socialis doctrina explicatur et commentatur.
Metafizyczny Solipsyzm Według „Wczesnego" Ludwiga Wittgensteina
Authors: Bremer Józef
Published: March 2021

Znane z Traktatu wypowiedzi na temat „Ja" i „świata": „świat jest moim światem" (TLP 5.62), „Sam jestem swoim światem" (5.63), czy tez „Świat i życie to jedno" (5.621), są istotne dla zrozumienia kwestii solipsyzmu, omawianych przez „wczesnego" Wittgensteina. Pod „solipsyzm" rozumie się zazwyczaj krańcową formę subiektywnego idealizmu głoszącego, że istnieje tylko Ja sam, a wszystko inne jest moim wyobrażeniem. Solipsysta uznaje, ze jego własna subiektywność jest czymś jedynie możliwym do poznania, co oznacza doprowadzenie idealizmu do subiektywnej skrajności: wszystko co nam się ukazuje, jest traktowane jako coś wyobrażonego. Pytanie o solipsyzm pojawia się w dzisiejszych analizach subiektywności świadomości. Solipsysta neguje chociażby możliwość ustalenia, czy jakiś inny podmiot (człowiek, zwierzę lub maszyna) są siebie świadome. Rzeczywistość obcych stanów świadomości jest przez solipsysta ignorowana, gdyż wychodząc z istnienia własnej świadomości, może on jedynie przez analogię wnioskować o istnieniu obcych stanów świadomości. W argumentacjach przeciwko solipsyzmowi podkreśla się, ze stanowisko to wikła się w sprzeczność, gdyż w celu sformułowania swoich własnych też musi używać języka, co z kolei zakłada obecność intersubiektywnego świata, którego istnienie neguje.
Michael Heller. Creative Tension. Essays on Science and Religion
Authors: Wszołek Stanisław
Published: March 2021

This is the second book by Michael Heller which presents to English readers his previously written papers on science and theology. The first one, The New Physics and a New Theology (Vatican Observatory Publications 1996) is worth mentioning in this context because in it, Michael Heller proposes a new direction in theology - the theology of science. The theology of science as envisioned by Heller is defined as an authentic theological reflection on the existence, foundations, methods, and results of modern science. Its purpose is to break down the mutual lack of trust between science and theology and to help theology advance to a new stage, where it can participate creatively in the currents of modern thought. Philosophers of science examine the boundaries of natural science and what can be known by the methods of science alone. Theology extends beyond these boundaries to include the supernatural, although Heller is far from embracing any kind of dualism. His way of extending these boundaries is different. A good example is provided by Einstein's famous question, „Why is the world comprehensible?" Neither Einstein nor any other philosopher or scientist is able to answer this question. It is theology that has to take over and seek the answer to Einstein's question. Heller provides more similar issues.
A. Reichold. Die vergessene Leiblichkeit. Zur Rolle des Körpers in ontologischen und ethischen Persontheorien
Authors: Machnacz Jerzy
Published: March 2021

Omawiana książka jest poprawioną wersją rozprawy doktorskiej przedłożonej przez A. Reichold na uniwersytecie w Kaiserslautern w roku 2002 i rozpoczyna się od cytatu z L. Wittgensteina, który w wolnym przekładzie można oddać w sposób następujący: „Najważniejsze aspekty rzeczy są dla nas skryte w ich prostocie i codzienności”. Na genialność i niezwykłość prostoty trzeba (!) zwrócić uwagi, gdyż ona nie rzuca się w oczy. Dostrzeżenie doskonałości prostoty wiąże się z przeżyciem: „aha". Codzienność obcowania z czymś niezwykłym na każdym polu i w każdej dziedzinie zda się czynić wszystko, aby zatrzeć wrażenie niezwykłości przez włączenie do stanu czy wydarzenia oczywistego, zrozumiałego samo przez się. Tak ma się właśnie sprawa z naszym ciałem. Zapominamy o jego istnieniu tak długo, jak długo ono nie daje się nam we znaki. Nagle daje ono nam znać o swoim istnieniu, gdy nie jest do naszej dyspozycji, tak jak było do tej pory. Przeżywając jedność, tożsamość, z ciałem nie zwracaliśmy wcale uwagi na jego istnienie. W przypadku utraty władzy nad nim, przeżywanego zdystansowania względem ciała, stajemy przed faktem naszej cielesności. Naszym udziałem jest związek z czymś, co do nas przynależy, co o nas stanowi, ale czym ostatecznie nie jesteśmy. Nasze istnienie okazuje się istnieniem organicznym: życie człowieka rozwija się w fizyczno-cielesno-psychiczno-duchowej strukturze. Zależnie od przyjętej perspektywy w bycie człowieka można wyróżnić trzy lub cztery rzeczywistości: sferę materii (Materie, Körper, Körperlichkeit), „podniesioną" przez duszę do ciała (Leib, Leiblichkeit) sferę psychiki i sferę ducha.