bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH LATIHAN STABILISASI POSTURAL TERHADAP KESEIMBANGAN STATIS DAN DINAMIS PADA PASIEN PASCA STROKE
Authors: Pramita Indah , Setiawan Mr , Zuhri Saifudin
Published: August 2019

ABSTRAK
Kasus stroke banyak dijumpai di lapangan, dimana penanganan pada pasien pasca stroke hanya menitik beratkan pada kemampuan motorik dan kurang memperhatikan kontrol postural. Sedangkan pada pasien pasca stroke memiliki masalah dengan kontrol postural yang berfungsi mengontrol posisi badan agar tetap tegak. Adanya masalah tersebut menghambat gerakan pada pasien pasca stroke dan mengakibatkan bertambahnya gangguan keseimbangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manfaat latihan stabilisasi postural terhadap perbaikan keseimbangan statis dan dinamis pada pasien pasca stroke. Rancangan penelitian one group pre-test and post-test design dengan sampel sebanyak 6 orang yang diberikan latihan stabilisasi postural sebanyak 3x/minggu selama 1 bulan. Hasil Penelitian FRT sebelum perlakuan didapatkan rerata±SD sebesar 19,67±6,28 sedangkan rerata±SD FRT setelah perlakuan sebesar 25,50±5,28 dan p=0,004 (p<0,05). Hal ini menunjukkan ada pengaruh antara latihan stabilisasi postural terhadap keseimbangan statis pada pasien pasca stroke. Hasil TUG test sebelum perlakuan didapatkan rerata±SD sebesar 31,17±1,82 sedangkan rerata±SD TUG test setelah perlakuan sebesar 18,50±5,17 dan p = 0,027 (p < 0,05). Data ini juga menunjukkan ada pengaruh antara latihan stabilisasi postural terhadap keseimbangan dinamis pada pasien pasca stroke. Latihan stabilisasi postural meningkatkan keseimbangan statis dan dinamis pada pasien pasca stroke.
Kata kunci: Latihan, Keseimbangan , Stroke
ABSTRACT Many cases of stroke in the field, where the handling of post-stroke patients only focuses on motor skills and lack of attention to postural control. While in post-stroke patients have problems with postural control that controls the position of the body to remain upright. The existence of these problems hamper the movement in post-stroke patients and lead to increased disturbance of balance. This study aims to know the benefits of postural stabilization exercises to improve static and dynamic balance in patients with post stroke. This was an experimental pre using the design of a one group pre-test and post-test design. The number of subjects as many as 6 people, get as much 3x/minggu postural stabilization exercises for 1 month. Result of FRT before treatment obtained a mean ± SD of 19.67 ± 6.28 while the mean ± SD FRT after treatment for 25.50 ± 5.28 and p = 0.004 (p <0.05). It shows atients with post stroke. Results TUG test before and after treatment. TUG test results obtained before treatment the mean ± SD of 31.17 ± 1.82 while the mean ± SD TUG test after treatment for 18.50 ± 5.17 and p = 0.027 (p <0.05). It means there is influence between postural stabilization exercises on dynamic balance in patients with post stroke.The postural stabilization exercises enhance static and dynamic balance in patients with post stroke.
Keywords: Exercise, balance, Stroke
HUBUNGAN STATUS GIZI DENGAN USIA MENARCHEPADA SISWI DI SMP N 2 UNGARAN KABUPATEN SEMARANG
Authors: Diaris Ni Made , Astusi Fitria Primi , Primarti Mala
Published: August 2019

ABSTRAK
Status gizi merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi siklus reproduksi remaja putri. Tujuan dari
penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan status gizi dengan usia menarche pada remaja putri di
SMPN 2 Ungaran Kabupaten Semarang. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian korelasi analitik dengan
menggunakan pendekatan Cros Cectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswi yang sudah
menarche yaitu sebanyak 347 siswi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan penghitungan
IMT. Analisa data dilakukan dengan analisa univariat dan bivariat dengan uji Rank Spearman. Dari hasil uji
Spearmean Rank didapatkan  p-value 0,003, p < α (0,05) dan nilai r = -0,419. Maka dapat disimpulkan
bahwa ada hubungan negatif antara status gizi dengan usia menarche pada siswi di SMP N 2 Ungaran
Kabupaten Semarang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disarankan agar para remaja putri mengatur
asupan gizi agar tetap seimbang sehingga terhindar dari masalah kesehatan reproduksi terutama masalah
menarche dini atau menarche terlambat.

Kata Kunci : Menarche, Status Gizi
 
ABSTRACT
Nutritional status is a factor which influences female teenagers’ reproductive cycle. The purpose of this
study was to determine the relation between nutritional status and age of menarche of female teenagers in
SMP N 2 Ungaran of Semarang Regency. This study was a correlation analytic study using cross-sectional
approach. The study population was all female students who had had menarche, totaling in 347 students.
Data collection was performed by interview and IMT calculation. Data analysis was performed by
univariate and bivariate analyses with Rank Spearman test. Spearmean Rank test result showed p-value
0,003, p < α (0,05) and r = -0,419. So, it’s concluded that there was negative relation between nutritional
status and age of menarche of female students of SMP N 2 Ungaran of Semarang Regency. Based on the
research result, female teenagers are suggested to maintain balanced nutritional intake to avoid
reproductive health issues, especially early menarche or late menarche.

Keywords : Menarche, Nutritonal Status
STUDI EPIDEMOLOGI HIV/AIDS DI KABUPATEN JEMBRANA BALI
Authors: Nyandra Made , Yogeswara Ida Bagus Agung
Published: August 2019

ABSTRAK
Kecepatan pertumbuhan epidemologi HIV/AIDS dapat disebabkan karena melakukan hubungan seksual
dengan resiko yang tinggi misalnya dengan bergonta-ganti pasangan tanpa menggunakan kondom,
menggunakan jarum suntik yang tidak steril ataupun telah digunakan berulang misalnya yang terjadi pada
para pengidap ketergantungan pada obat-obat terlarang, faktor ekonomi, broken home dan homoseksual.
Penderita HIV/AIDS memiliki profesi yang beragam dan yang terbesar berprofesi sebagai ibu rumah tangga.
Sumber epidemi HIV/AIDS yang tidak jelas dapat menyebabkan kecepatan pertumbuhannya, sehingga perlu
dilakukan penelusuran data epidemologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode wawancara untuk mengetahui
sumber infeksi HIV/AIDS, lama mengetahui status HIV/AIDS, pekerjaan pasangan, dan perasaan responden
serta tanggapan keluarga dan masyarakat saat mengetahui bahwa responden terinfeksi HIV/AIDS.
Epidemologi HIV/AIDS di Kabupaten Jembrana disebabkan karena hubungan heteroseksual yaitu sebesar
12,5% dan 80% masing-masing responden wanita dan pria, homoseksual sebesar 8% responden pria, tertular
oleh pasangan yaitu sebesar 87,5% dan 12% masing-masing responden wanita dan pria.
Kata kunci : HIV, AIDS, faktor resiko, epidemologi
ABSTRACT
Growing HIV/AIDS prevalence can be caused by high risk-sexual behaviour, such as partners change
without using condoms, the application of re-used or non-sterile needles of drugs-addicted people, economy
factor, broken home and homosexuals. HIV/AIDS sufferers have a diverse professions and the largest
population with HIV/AIDS are housewives. Unclear source of the HIV/AIDS epidemic can cause the speed
of its growth, therefore the epidemiological data is necessary. This study was an observational experiment
using the interview method to find out the source of HIV/AIDS infection, the duration of knowledge of
HIV/AIDS status, partners job, and the feelings of respondents and family, and community responses when
they found out their HIV/AIDS status. Results showed that HIV/AIDS in Jembrana Regency that was caused
by heterosexual relationships were 12.5% and 80% for female and male respondent respectively. In
homosexual respondents, the prevalence of HIV/AIDS was 8% for male and no HIV/AIDS was found in
women. In the partner respondents, the prevalence of HIV/AIDS were 87.5% and 12% for female and male
respondents respectively.
Keywords: HIV, AIDS, risk factor, epidemology
Strategi Mempertahankan Eksistensi Pelabuhan Sunda Kelapa Sebagai Heritage Bangsa Dan Cagar Budaya Indonesia
Authors: Nasution Herwin , Warsono  , Bambang Ristianto
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini di latar belakangi oleh keinginan memberikan sumbangan pemikiran di bidang maritim. Pemilihan Pelabuhan Sunda Kelapa sebagai objek dan lokus  penelitian dikarenakan Pelabuhan Sunda kelapa sebagai pelabuhan rakyat  yang berlokasi di DKI  Jakarta. Cagar budaya yang berusia tua merupakan bukti sejarah Indonesia  karena pernah jaya pada masanya yaitu pada  abad ke 5.  Stasiun Beos dan Taman Fatahilah  sudah  selesai  di revitalisasi sehingga layak menjadi destinasi wisata sedangkan Pelabuhan Sunda Kelapa belum di revitalisasi.  Walaupun belum layak jadi destinasi wisata namun wisatawan tetap berkunjung kesana.  Sebelum revitalisasi terlaksana, seharusnya pelabuhan rakyat tersebut tetap tertata dengan rapi dengan kapal-kapal tradisionalnya, tertib, aman, bersih, dan indah. Oleh karenanya wajib segera di revitalisasi dan  akan berhasil apabila dilaksanakan dengan strategi-strategi yang terencana berdasarkan masterplan. Syahbandar selaku kordinator di kawasan pelabuhan harus mengkoordinasikannya dengan PEMDA DKI Jakarta, KSOP/ Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Laut dan PT. Pelindo, antara lain dengan membuat strategi khusus untuk  jangka pendek dengan penegakan hukum, membuat zonasi dan  master plann disamping strategi umum jangka panjang.
Hegemonización de la educación media superior en México: la filosofía como rescate educativo
Authors: López Niño Alan Tonatiuh
Published: August 2019

El presente artículo, partiendo de la institucionalización de la globalización, trata de describir los intereses educativos del nivel medio superior impuesto por el Estado Mexicano. Por tanto, la educación en México no es un tema que escape al proceso globalizador mundial pues las constantes reformas educativas que se proponen están en función de instruir a las personas de un modo distinto al propio ámbito cultural, donde los modelos educativos han sido propuestos a partir de las concepciones del sistema neoliberal-moderno implementado por el proceso hegemónico de la globalización. Esto refleja la primacía de formar al estudiante para la productividad en un mercado laboral, dejando de lado las necesidades contextuales, identitarias y culturales que los sujetos en cuestión requieren para pensar y actuar de manera distinta a la conciencia social globalizante.
Rasgos funcionales de los árboles de bosque de montaña favorecen la estrategia de conservación de las especies a los riesgos ambientales, Tingo María-Peru
Authors: Aguirre Escalante Casiano , Santillán Oliva Erasmo , Díaz Quintana Edilberto
Published: August 2019

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el rasgo funcional de la densidad de madera (DM), altura total del árbol (Hmax) y diámetro del fuste de árbol (Dap) que favorecen la estrategia de conservación de especies adaptativas y conservativas. Se aplicó diseño no experimental y transversal en 518 árboles de bosque de montaña de una hectárea. El 66,6% se encuentran en la estrategia de conservación de especies conservativas y 33,4% en especies adaptativas. La t 40,8 y p valor 0,000 (p < 0,05) indica la DM favorece la estrategia de conservación de las especies conservativas. La t 2,8 y p valor 0,005 (p < 0,05), revela que la Hmax ayuda a la estrategia de conservación de especies adaptativas, mientras aumenta la edad de sucesión y es remplazada por especies conservativas. La t 5,1 y p valor 0,000 (p < 0,05), permite afirmar que el diámetro del fuste del árbol asiste a la estrategia de conservación de las especies adaptativas, y que durante la sucesión madura las especies conservativas.
SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODELING FOR CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT RESEARCH: CRITICAL REVIEW AND FUTURE TRENDS
Authors: Liu Mingqiang , Le Yun , Hu Yi , Xia Bo , Skitmore Martin , Gao Xianyi
Published: August 2019

As a result of growing complexities in the construction industry, system dynamics modeling (SDM) has been increasingly used in construction management (CM) research to explore complicated causal relationships at the various levels of construction and management processes. Given the rapid growth of SDM applications over the past two decades, a systematic review is needed to ascertain the state of the art and further trends in the area. This paper provides the results of a systematic analysis of 103 papers from 41 selected peer-reviewed journals from 1997 to 2016. The contributions of the papers are first analyzed, structured and formulated in terms of the year of publication, software involved, the combined use with other methods, and research design. With the assistance of the a keyword co-occurrence network analysis, eight research topics involving different internal and external complexities are identified, including: (1) sustainability, (2) project planning and control, (3) performance and effectiveness, (4) strategic management, (5) site and resource management, (6) risk analysis and management, (7) knowledge management, and (8) organization and stakeholder management. The analysis results reveal the pivotal role of SDM in streamlining different complicated casual relationships at the activity, project, and industry levels across the eight topics and its significant potential in uncovering the impact of complicated contextual conditions on project planning and control, effectiveness and performance, strategic management, and sustainability at the project and industry levels. Lastly, trends and recommendations for SDM applications are provided for future CM research. This paper provides a state of the art of SDM in CM applications and insights into opportunities and useful references for the future.
La route en marges. Retour sur les mythologies errantes de la culture surf
Authors: Benassi Stéphane
Published: August 2019

Cet article s’attache à montrer comment, depuis le film The Endless Summer (B. Brown, 1964), le monde du surf a développé un ensemble de récits concourant à la mise en place d’une mythologie fondée sur l’idée d’un mode de vie alternatif qui incita des milliers de jeunes à se lancer à la poursuite de la vague parfaite et de l’été sans fin. Cette thématique de l’exploration, du voyage, de l’expression et de l’expérimentation par l’emprunt de voies parallèles, que l’auteur nomme la route en marges , se développera jusqu’à devenir l’un des éléments centraux de ce qui constitue désormais une véritable sous-culture. Elle subsiste aujourd’hui dans les discours audiovisuels du monde du surf et continue d’entretenir certains fantasmes pouvant être à l’origine de trajectoires de vies tout en étant susceptibles d’instrumentalisations marchandes par les marques ou sur les réseaux sociaux.
Le boulevard Saint-Laurent à Montréal : une Main Street réinventée
Authors: Poulot Marie-Laure
Published: August 2019

Le boulevard Saint-Laurent est inscrit au patrimoine fédéral canadien depuis 1996 comme « lieu historique national », pour sa puissance symbolique, son importance dans l’imaginaire montréalais et sa fonction de « corridor de l’immigration ». Cette Main Street fait appel à un imaginaire très différent des Main Streets traditionnelles des petites villes d’Amérique du Nord. Cet imaginaire repose sur la diversité ethnique, l’urbanité, l’éclectisme et l’histoire même de l’expansion de la métropole montréalaise. Nous verrons ainsi comment cette rue s’impose aux fondements de l’identité urbaine à travers les mises en récits multiples. Le boulevard est aussi un espace du quotidien, vécu par les habitants, empreint de nostalgies et de représentations, qui l’inscrivent dans la montréalité quotidienne.
Les candidats sont amoureux. Performativité des sentiments dans les déclarations de candidature présidentielles
Authors: Sánchez Beatriz
Published: August 2019

Cet article s’ancre dans une réflexion sur les discours politiques en France et pose une interrogation principale : dans quelle mesure dire son amour pour la nation lors d’une déclaration de candidature à l’élection présidentielle peut-il être considéré comme un acte performatif ? L’analyse se concentre sur la performativité de la parole politique et sur le « je » déclarant, acteur de la déclaration. Connue et attendue, la déclaration de candidature est un passage obligé du rituel républicain qui témoigne de l’importance de se dire face au peuple. Il s’agit ici d’entendre la déclaration comme une performance de l’amour et non plus uniquement comme la présentation d’un programme politique.
Médiation carnavalesque de l’écriture rebelle : le graffiti des événements Occupy Gezi et Nuit Debout
Authors: Basural Idil
Published: August 2019

Cet article examine un nouveau type de médiation de l’écriture rebelle dans l’espace public urbain liée aux événements qui se réunissent sous le nom d’« Occupy ». Les trois conditions de cette « médiation carnavalesque », sur, dans et à travers l’espace d’occupation, permettent d’analyser les pratiques d’écriture publique pendant les événements d’Occupy Gezi (Istanbul, 2013) et de Nuit Debout (Paris, 2016). Cet article propose un premier regard sur la médiation carnavalesque et son écriture « sauvage » en événement comme une forme à la fois individuelle et collective, archaïque et actuelle, harmonique et cacophonique.
Mettre en scène l'invisible : des coulisses aux images-coulisses de l'industrie de la mode
Authors: Mouratidou Eleni
Published: August 2019

Les représentations médiatiques sont l'un des espaces où la mode se fabrique : photographies, films promotionnels, défilés, sites web, réseaux sociaux numériques, sont autant d'outils structurant des imaginaires, souvent hautement spectaculaires, en lien avec la mode. Les stratégies communicationnelles de cette industrie se réinventent constamment et l'exposition des coulisses fait partie de ce phénomène médiatique. Elle permet d'ajouter à la dimension spectaculaire , les coulisses sont mises en scène, une dimension authentique  : malgré leur mise en scène, les coulisses sont données à être vues comme un instant de vérité. Cet article interroge le rôle que joue la présence des coulisses de la mode dans les politiques de représentation de cette industrie depuis les années trente, à travers le concept d'image-coulisse .
De quelques impensés de la patrimonialisation des sciences à travers les attributions de noms de chercheurs
Authors: Boure Robert
Published: August 2019

Mettre en patrimoine des figures de chercheurs à travers l'attribution de leurs noms à des « lieux » (institutions, bâtiments, locaux), c'est tenter de les faire échapper à l'usure du temps et de les faire circuler dans le temps. Or toute circulation est un déplacement qui entraîne des transformations, notamment dans les représentations de ces dernières. À moyen et à long terme, les traces (plaques mémorielles, stèles…) non réactivées peuvent s'effacer, disparaître ou plus simplement ne plus faire sens pour les publics qui fréquentent ces lieux. D'autant que les figures des chercheurs peuvent être instrumentalisées, notamment au service de la signalétique et/ou de la communication institutionnelle.
Informing Adults With HIV of Cognitive Performance Deficits Indicative of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: A Content Analysis
Authors: Vance David E. , Jensen Michael , Tende Frida , Walker Teresa J. , Robinson Josiah , Diehl Delaney , Fogger Susanne A. , Fazeli Pariya L.
Published: August 2019

Approximately 50% of persons with HIV (PWH) meet the cognitive criteria for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Informing PWH they may have HAND raises concerns given the lack of consensus-derived treatment options and overall knowledge about HAND. Thus, the current qualitative descriptive study aimed to describe PWHs' reactions to a possible diagnosis of HAND. Cognitive tests were administered to 135 PWH to determine whether they met the criteria for HAND. From 135 PWH, 109 (80.7%) participants met the cognitive criteria and were informed about their probable HAND diagnosis. Approximately 2 months later, the remaining 85 participants (24 were lost to attrition) were asked about their reactions and concerns to receiving a probable diagnosis of HAND. Their responses were thematically coded. Themes that emerged were
Desire to Improve, Confirmation, Not Concerned/No Reaction, Concerned, Unexpected, Anxiety, Knowledge Seeking,
and
Sadness
. Most themes were positive or neutral, whereas fewer negative themes were observed. Thematic/content analysis appeared to show that most PWH reacted well to their probable diagnosis and were open to ways to improve their brain health. Such openness represents a window to provide health education to patients. Implications for practice and research are provided. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 57
(12), 48–55.].
¿Qué hace la nación por las artes? Problemáticas patrimoniales y modelos museísticos en las colecciones del Prado y la Trinidad
Authors: Gilarranz Ibáñez Ainhoa
Published: August 2019

Desde finales del siglo XVIII, la Monarquía y la Iglesia dejaron de ser los principales protectores de las bellas artes; un espacio ocupado cada vez más por las instituciones estatales durante el reinado de Isabel II. En este cambio de modelo se abrieron muchos debates sobre la naturaleza de los bienes nacionales, la separación entre el patrimonio real y el nacional o el papel de las instituciones gubernamentales en la protección de los artistas. Cuestiones contestadas mediante políticas culturales que dieron diversos frutos. El objeto de estas páginas es adentrarnos en esos debates artísticos, concretamente a partir de dos proyectos museísticos —el Real Museo del Prado y el Museo Nacional de la Trinidad—, y analizar los mensajes políticos que se desprendían de su formación, evolución y organización.
An Accord of Nuclear Receptor Expression in CD4+ T Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Saini Ankita , Mahajan Sahil , Bhagyaraj Ella , Kalra Rashi , Nanduri Ravikanth , Gupta Ravi , Khatri Neeraj , Gupta Pawan
Published: August 2019

Chronically activated CD4+ T cells drive uncontrolled inflammation, leading to tissue damage in various autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Investigation of the molecular mechanisms involved in RA and recent analysis of transcriptomic profiles has implicated members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily in RA. NRs are required for the development, differentiation, and effector function of CD4+ T cells; therefore, it is thought that NRs are important in shaping the CD4+ T cell repertoire and associated inflammation in RA. Despite their relevance, the full potential of the NR superfamily in RA, either as biomarkers or disease targets, has not been harnessed. To gain insight on the NR members that are closely associated with RA disease activity, we generated an expression atlas for the NR superfamily in CD4+ T cells isolated either in a steady state or over the course of collagen-induced arthritis mouse model of RA. We observed discrete expression patterns among the NR superfamily during the disease stages. NRs that instigate anti-inflammatory programs underwent major downregulation during disease onset; however, during the fully developed disease stage we noticed that NRs that induce proinflammatory programs had reduced transcript levels. These animal findings corroborated well with the expression patterns of NRs in clinical samples obtained from RA patients. Furthermore, we observed that targeting NRs using synthetic ligands alleviates the progression of collagen-induced arthritis. Overall, our data demonstrates the potential of the NR superfamily as novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of autoimmune disorders.
Nitrification of low concentration ammonia nitrogen using zeolite biological aerated filter (ZBAF)
Authors: Kim Jin-Su , Lee Ji-Young , Choi Seung-Kyu , Zhu Qian , Lee Sang-Ill
Published: August 2019

This study focuses on nitrification through a biological aerated filter (BAF) that is filled with a zeolite medium at low concentrations of ammonia. The zeolite medium consists of natural zeolite powder. The BAF is operated under two types of media, which are a ball-type zeolite medium and expanded poly propylene (EPP) medium. Nitrification occurred in the zeolite BAF (ZBAF) when the influent concentration of ammonia nitrogen was 3 mg L-1, but the BAF that was filled with an EPP medium did not experience nitrification. The ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency of ZBAF was 63.38% and the average nitrate nitrogen concentration was 1.746 mg/L. The ZBAF was tested again after a comparison experiment to treat pond water, and municipal wastewater mixed pond water. The ZBAF showed remarkable ammonia-nitrogen treatment at low concentration and low temperature. During this period, the average ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency was 64.56%. Especially, when water temperature decreased to 4.7℃, ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency remained 79%. On the other hand, the chemical-oxygen demand (COD) and phosphorus-removal trends were different. The COD and phosphorus did not show as efficient treatment as the ammonia-nitrogen treatment.
Comparison of clinical characteristics between lean
and obese nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
in the northeast Chinese population
Authors: Li Hui , Chen Yanzhen , Tian Xing , Hong Yu , Chen Chengliang , Sharokh Nawaz Khukhar , Jiao Jian
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is seen commonly in patients with obesity, but there are many non-obese people who also have NAFLD, which we call lean NAFLD. The objective of this study is to compare the characters of lean and obese NAFLD individuals aimed to better understand the pathogenesis of NAFLD.

Material and methods

A total of 496 NAFLD cases (history of alcohol consumption, medication used within the last 3 months, hepatitis virus infection, autoimmune or hereditary liver disease were excluded), divided into an obese (body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2) NAFLD group (n = 395) and lean (BMI < 25 kg/m2) NAFLD group (n = 101), were investigated. Gender, age, alanine aminotransferase, triglycerides, cholesterol, and the blood glucose were compared between the two groups.

Results

A male-dominated discrepancy of gender distribution was more evident in obese NAFLD group. Elevated alanine amonotransferase was more common in the obese NAFLD group. 50–59 years was the peak age of both lean and obese NAFLD groups. Normal triglycerides (TG) patients were more common in the lean NAFLD group, while the proportion of elevated TG patients was higher in the obese NAFLD group. No statistically significant difference in the proportion of elevated cholesterol patients was found between the two groups. In the lean NAFLD group, the proportion of females was higher in the normal fasting glucose group.

Conclusions

Sexual dimorphism exists in lean NAFLD patients, but this trend was most pronounced during the age range 40–49 years and disappeared after entering the 50–59-year-old age range. In lean NAFLD patients, normal levels of TG and blood glucose were more common, and occurrence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis was less common than among obese NAFLD.
Retrieval of total column and surface NO2 from Pandora zenith-sky measurements
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyi , Griffin Debora , Fioletov Vitali , McLinden Chris , Davies Jonathan , Ogyu Akira , Lee Sum Chi , Lupu Alexandru , Moran Michael D. , Cede Alexander , Tiefengraber Martin , Müller Moritz
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Pandora spectrometers can retrieve nitrogen dioxide
(NO2) vertical column densities (VCDs) via two viewing geometries:
direct Sun and zenith sky. The direct-Sun NO2 VCD measurements have
high quality (0.1 DU accuracy in clear-sky conditions) and do not rely on
any radiative transfer model to calculate air mass factors (AMFs); however,
they are not available when the Sun is obscured by clouds. To perform
NO2 measurements in cloudy conditions, a simple but robust NO2
retrieval algorithm is developed for Pandora zenith-sky measurements. This
algorithm derives empirical zenith-sky NO2 AMFs from coincident
high-quality direct-Sun NO2 observations. Moreover, the retrieved
Pandora zenith-sky NO2 VCD data are converted to surface NO2
concentrations with a scaling algorithm that uses chemical-transport-model
predictions and satellite measurements as inputs. NO2 VCDs and surface
concentrations are retrieved from Pandora zenith-sky measurements made in
Toronto, Canada, from 2015 to 2017. The retrieved Pandora zenith-sky
NO2 data (VCD and surface concentration) show good agreement with both
satellite and in situ measurements. The diurnal and seasonal variations of
derived Pandora zenith-sky surface NO2 data also agree well with in
situ measurements (diurnal difference within ±2 ppbv). Overall, this
work shows that the new Pandora zenith-sky NO2 products have the
potential to be used in various applications such as future satellite
validation in moderate cloudy scenes and air quality monitoring.
OH and HO2 radical chemistry in a midlatitude forest: Measurements and model comparisons
Authors: Lew Michelle L. , Rickly Pamela S. , Bottorff Brandon P. , Sklaveniti Sofia , Léonardis Thierry , Locoge Nadine , Dusanter Sebastien , Kundu Shuvashish , Wood Ezra , Stevens Philip S.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Reactions of the hydroxyl (OH) and peroxy radicals (HO2 and RO2) play a central role in the chemistry of the atmosphere. In addition to controlling the lifetimes of many trace gases important to issues of global climate change, OH radical reactions initiate the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which can lead to the production of ozone and secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere. Previous measurements of these radicals in forest environments characterized by high mixing ratios of isoprene and low mixing ratios of nitrogen oxides (NOx) have shown serious discrepancies with modeled concentrations. These results bring into question our understanding of the atmospheric chemistry of isoprene and other biogenic VOCs under low NOx conditions. During the summer of 2015, OH and HO2 radical concentrations as well as total OH reactivity were measured using Laser-Induced Fluorescence - Fluorescence Assay by Gas Expansion (LIF-FAGE) techniques as part of the Indiana Radical, Reactivity and Ozone Production Intercomparison (IRRONIC). This campaign took place in a forested area near the Indiana University, Bloomington campus characterized by high mixing ratios of isoprene and low mixing ratios of NOx. Supporting measurements of photolysis rates, VOCs, NOx, and other species were used to constrain a zero-dimensional box model based on the Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism (RACM2) and the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM). Using an OH chemical scavenger technique, the study revealed the presence of an interference with the LIF-FAGE measurements of OH that increased with both ambient concentrations of ozone and temperature. Subtraction of the interference resulted in measured OH concentrations that were in better agreement with model predictions, although the model still underestimated the measured concentrations, likely due to an underestimation of the concentration of NO at this site. Measurements of HO2 radical concentrations during the campaign included a fraction of isoprene-based peroxy radicals (HO2* = HO2 + αRO2) and were found to agree with model predictions. On average, the measured reactivity was consistent with that calculated from measured OH sinks to within 20 %, with modeled oxidation products accounting for the missing reactivity, although significant missing reactivity (approximately 40 % of the total measured reactivity) was observed on some days.
2016 Central Italy Earthquakes: comparison between GPS signals and low-cost distributed MEMS arrays
Authors: Cenni Nicola , Boaga Jacopo , Casarin Filippo , De Marchi Giancarlo , Valluzzi Maria Rosa , Cassiani Giorgio
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Modern seismic ground-motion sensors have reached an excellent performance quality in terms of dynamic range and bandwidth resolution. The weakest point in the recording of seismic events remains spatial sampling and spatial resolution, due to the limited number of installed sensors. A significant improvement in spatial resolution can be achieved by the use of non-conventional motion sensors, such as low-cost distributed sensors arrays or positioning systems, capable of increasing the density of classical seismic recording networks. In this perspective, we adopted micro-electro mechanical system (MEMS) sensors to integrate the use of standard accelerometers for moderate-to-strong seismic events. In addition, we analyse high-rate distributed positioning system data that also record soil motion. In this paper, we present data from the 2016 Central Italy earthquakes as recorded by a spatially dense prototype MEMS array installed in the proximity of the epicentral area, and we compare the results to the signal of local 1s GPS stations. We discuss advantages and limitations of this joint approach, reaching the conclusion that such low-cost sensors and the use of high rate GPS signal could be an effective choice for integrate the spatial density of stations providing strong-motion parameters.
Observations of deep-sea fishes and mobile scavengers from the abyssal DISCOL experimental mining area
Authors: Drazen Jeffrey C. , Leitner Astrid B. , Morningstar Sage , Marcon Yann , Greinert Jens , Purser Autun
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Industrial interest in deep-sea mineral extraction began decades ago, and
today it is at an all-time high, accelerated by global demand for metals.
Several seafloor ecosystem disturbance experiments began in the 1970s,
including the Disturbance and Recolonization experiment (DISCOL) conducted
in the Peru Basin in 1989. A large seafloor disturbance was created by
repeatedly ploughing the seafloor over an area of ∼10.8 km2. Though a number of studies in abyssal mining regions have
evaluated megafaunal biodiversity and ecosystem responses, few have included
quantitative and detailed data on fishes or scavengers despite their
ecological importance as top predators. We used towed camera transects
(1989–1996, 2015) and baited camera data (1989–1992) to evaluate the fish
community at the DISCOL site. The abyssal fish community included 16 taxa
and was dominated by Ipnops meadi. Fish density was lower in ploughed habitat at 6 months and 3 years following disturbance but thereafter increased over time.
Twenty-six years after disturbance there were no differences in overall total
fish densities between reference and experimental areas, but the dominant
fish, I. meadi, still exhibited much lower densities in ploughed habitat, likely
avoiding these areas and suggesting that the fish community remains affected
after decades. At the scale of industrial mining, these results could
translate to population-level effects. The scavenging community was
dominated by eelpouts (Pachycara spp.), hermit crabs (Probeebei mirabilis) and shrimp. The large
contribution of hermit crabs appears to be unique amongst abyssal scavenger
studies worldwide. The abyssal fish community at DISCOL was similar to that
in the more northerly Clarion–Clipperton Zone (CCZ), though some species have only
been observed at DISCOL thus far. Also, further species-level
identifications are required to refine this assessment. Additional studies
across the polymetallic nodule provinces of the Pacific are required to
further evaluate the environmental drivers of fish density, diversity and
species biogeographies. This information will be important for the
development of appropriate management plans aimed at minimizing human impact
from deep-sea mining.
Extreme warming rates affecting alpine areas in SW Europe deduced from algal lipids
Authors: García-Alix Antonio , Toney Jaime L. , Jiménez-Moreno Gonzalo , Pérez-Martínez Carmen , Jiménez Laura , Rodrigo-Gámiz Marta , Anderson R. Scott , Camuera Jon , Jiménez-Espejo Francisco J. , Peña-Angulo Dhais , Ramos-Román María J.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Alpine ecosystems of the southern Iberian Peninsula are among the most vulnerable and the first to respond to modern climate change in southwestern Europe. While major environmental shifts have occurred over the last ~ 1500 years in these alpine environments, only changes in the recent centuries have led to extreme responses, but factors imposing the strongest stress have been unclear until now. To understand these environmental responses, here, for the first time, we calibrated algal lipids (long-chain diols) to instrumental data extending alpine temperatures backward 1500 years. These novel results highlight the enhanced effect of greenhouse gases on alpine temperatures during the last ~ 200 years and the long-term modulating role of solar forcing. This study also shows that warming rates during the 20th century (~ 0.18 ºC/decade) increased ~ 2.5 times with respect to the last stage of the Little Ice Age (~ 0.07 ºC/decade), even exceeding temperature trends of the high-altitude Alps during the 20th century. As a consequence, temperature exceeded the pre-industrial threshold in the 1950s, being one of the major forcings of the enhanced recent change in the alpine ecosystems from southern Iberia. Nevertheless, other factors reducing the snow and ice albedo (i.e. atmospheric deposition) may have influenced local glacier loss, since steady climate conditions predominated from middle 19th century to the first decades of the 20th century.
ChinaCropPhen1km: A high-resolution crop phenological dataset for
three staple crops in China during 2000–2015 based on LAI products
Authors: Luo Yuchuan , Zhang Zhao , Chen Yi , Li Ziyue , Tao Fulu
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Crop phenology provides essential information for land surface phenology dynamics monitoring and modelling, and crop management and production. Most previous studies mainly investigated crop phenology at site scale, however, land surface phenology dynamics monitoring and modelling at a large-scale need a high-resolution spatially explicit information on crop phenology dynamics. In this study, we proposed a method to retrieve 1km-grid crop phenological dataset for three main crops from 2000 to 2015 based on GLASS LAI products. First, we compared three common smoothing methods and chose the most suitable methods for different crops and regions. Then, we developed an optimal filter-based phenology detection (OFP) approach which combined both inflexion- and threshold-based method and detected the key phenological stages of three staple crops at 1km spatial resolution across China. Finally, we established a high resolution gridded-phenology product for three staple crops in China during 2000–2015, named as ChinaCropPhen1km. Compared with the intensive phenological observations from the Agricultural Meteorological Stations of China Meteorological Administration, the dataset had a high accuracy with errors of retrieved phenological date less than 10 days, and represented the spatiotemporal patterns of the observed phenological dynamics at site scale fairly well. The well-validated dataset can be applied for many purposes including improving agricultural system or earth system modelling over a large area. DOI of the referenced dataset: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8313530 (Luo et al., 2019).
The penultimate deglaciation: protocol for Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) phase 4 transient numerical simulations between 140 and 127 ka, version 1.0
Authors: Menviel Laurie , Capron Emilie , Govin Aline , Dutton Andrea , Tarasov Lev , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Drysdale Russell N. , Gibbard Philip L. , Gregoire Lauren , He Feng , Ivanovic Ruza F. , Kageyama Masa , Kawamura Kenji , Landais Amaelle , Otto-Bliesner Bette L. , Oyabu Ikumi , Tzedakis Polychronis C. , Wolff Eric , Zhang Xu
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The penultimate deglaciation (PDG, ∼138–128 thousand years before present, hereafter ka) is the transition from
the penultimate glacial maximum (PGM)
to the Last Interglacial (LIG, ∼129–116 ka).
The LIG stands out as one of the warmest interglacials of the last 800 000 years (hereafter kyr),
with high-latitude temperature warmer than today and global sea level likely higher by at least 6 m.
Considering the transient nature of the Earth system,
the LIG climate and ice-sheet evolution were certainly influenced by the changes
occurring during the penultimate deglaciation.
It is thus important
to investigate, with coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs),
the climate and environmental response to the large changes
in boundary conditions
(i.e. orbital configuration, atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, ice-sheet geometry and associated meltwater fluxes) occurring during the penultimate deglaciation. A deglaciation working group has recently been set up as part of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) phase 4, with a protocol
to perform transient simulations of the last deglaciation (19–11 ka; although the protocol covers 26–0 ka).
Similar to the last deglaciation, the disintegration of continental ice sheets during the penultimate deglaciation led to significant changes
in the oceanic circulation during Heinrich Stadial 11 (∼136–129 ka).
However, the two deglaciations bear significant differences in magnitude and temporal evolution of climate and environmental changes. Here, as part of the Past Global Changes (PAGES)-PMIP working group on Quaternary interglacials (QUIGS), we propose a protocol to perform transient simulations of the penultimate deglaciation
under the auspices of PMIP4.
This design includes time-varying changes in orbital forcing, greenhouse gas concentrations, continental ice sheets as well as freshwater input from the disintegration of
continental ice sheets.
This experiment is designed for AOGCMs to assess
the coupled response of the climate system to all forcings.
Additional sensitivity experiments are proposed to evaluate the response to each forcing.
Finally, a selection of paleo-records representing different parts of the climate system is presented, providing an appropriate
benchmark for upcoming model–data comparisons across the penultimate deglaciation.
OPEN SCIENCE, KNOWLEDGE SHARING AND REPRODUCIBILITY AS DRIVERS FOR THE ADOPTION OF FOSS4G IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
Authors: Iosifescu Enescu I. , Plattner G-K. , Bont L. , Fraefel M. , Meile R. , Kramer T. , Espona-Pernas L. , Haas-Artho D. , Hägeli M. , Steffen K.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Support for open science is a highly relevant user requirement for the environmental data portal EnviDat. EnviDat, the institutional data portal and publication data repository of the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, actively implements the FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reusability) principles and provides a range of services in the area of research data management. Open science, with its requirements for improved knowledge sharing and reproducibility, is driving the adoption of free and open source software for geospatial (FOSS4G) in academic research. Open source software can play a key role in the proper documentation of data sets, processes and methodologies, because it supports the transparency of methods and the precise documentation of all steps needed to achieve the published results. EnviDat actively supports these activities to enhance its support for open science. With EnviDat, WSL contributes to the ongoing cultural evolution in research towards open science and opportunities for distant collaboration.
SMODERP2D SOIL EROSION MODEL ENTERING AN OPEN SOURCE ERA WITH GPU-BASED PARALLELIZATION
Authors: Landa M. , Jeřábek J. , Pešek O. , Kavka P.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. SMODERP2D is a runoff-soil erosion physically-based distributed episodic model used for calculation and prediction processes at agricultural areas and small watersheds. The core of the model is a raster based cell-by-cell mass balance calculation which includes the key hydrological processes, such as effective precipitation, surface runoff and stream network routing. Effective precipitation, the forcing of the runoff and erosion processes, is reduced by surface retention and infiltration. Surface runoff consists of two components: slower sheet and concentrated rapid rill flow. Stream network routing is performed line-by-line in the user predefined polyline layer.SMODERP is a long-term project driven by the Department of Landscape Water Conservation at the Czech Technical University in Prague. At the beginning, SMODERP has been developed as a surface runoff simulated by profile model (1D). Later the model has been redesigned using a spatially distributed method. This version is named SMODERP2D. Ongoing development is focused on obtaining parameters of the hydrological models, incorporating new infiltration and flow routing routines, and conceptualization of a rill flow and rill development. The model belongs to a family of so-called GIS-based hydrological models utilizing capabilities of GIS software for geospatial data processing. Importantly, the SMODERP2D project is currently entering an open source world. Originally the model could be run only in proprietary Esri ArcGIS platform. A new version of the model presented by this manuscript adds support for two key open source GIS platforms, GRASS GIS and QGIS. A newly developed GRASS module and QGIS plugin significantly increases the accessibility of the SMODERP2D model for research purposes and also for engineering practice.Middle scale distributed hydrological models often encounter with high computation costs and long model runtime. Long runtime is caused by high-resolution input data which is easily available nowadays. The project also includes an experimental version of the SMODERP2D model enabling the parallelization of computations. This parallelization is done using TensorFlow, and its goal is to decrease the time needed for its run. It is supported by both CPU and GPU. Parallelization of computations is an important step towards providing SMODERP2D web processing services in order to allow quick and easy integration to highly specialized platforms such as Atlas Ltd.
A SCALABLE APPROACH FOR SPATIO-TEMPORAL ASSESSMENT OF PHOTOVOLTAIC ELECTRICITY POTENTIALS FOR BUILDING FAÇADES OF ENTIRE CITIES
Authors: Braun C.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. This paper describes results on the development of a completely FOSS-based approach assessing the electricity production potential by building façade PV. To estimate solar irradiation the hemispherical view-shed approach described by (Fu, 1999) was used. Combining it with an approach to dissect walls into regular 3D hyper-points (1-meter spacing) the sun visibility and the sky viewshed throughout the year are calculated. This results in global irradiation per hyper-point. To estimate the economic potential of each façade element an economic model was developed. This is driven by technical parameters of the installation, such as module efficiency, installation and maintenance costs, figures about payback tariffs and envisaged module lifetime. The overall result is a city-wide PV suitability and economic potential map of every building façade.The processing is based on a city model in CityGML format using the 3DCityDB database and the spatial processing functionalities of PostGIS. A set of Python scripts has been developed as a central control instance and manage parallel processing of queries against the database to achieve scalability and improved performance. We run a case study with approximately 7000 single façade elements which are processed. Since we implemented a parallel computation of the façades running on an 80-core dedicated server machine, the completion for an entire city of about 3 million hyper-points points uses a decent amount of time for the given size of the data set. The chosen approach is highly scalable, robust and can be easily implemented through standard tools and libraries.