bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ringiculid bubble snails recovered as the sister group to sea slugs (Nudipleura)
Authors: Kano Yasunori , Brenzinger Bastian , Nützel Alexander , Wilson Nerida G. , Schrödl Michael
Published: August 2016

Euthyneuran gastropods represent one of the most diverse lineages in Mollusca (with over 30,000 species), play significant ecological roles in aquatic and terrestrial environments and affect many aspects of human life. However, our understanding of their evolutionary relationships remains incomplete due to missing data for key phylogenetic lineages. The present study integrates such a neglected, ancient snail family Ringiculidae into a molecular systematics of Euthyneura for the first time and is supplemented by the first microanatomical data. Surprisingly, both molecular and morphological features present compelling evidence for the common ancestry of ringiculid snails with the highly dissimilar Nudipleura—the most species-rich and well-known taxon of sea slugs (nudibranchs and pleurobranchoids). A new taxon name Ringipleura is proposed here for these long-lost sisters, as one of three major euthyneuran clades with late Palaeozoic origins, along with Acteonacea (Acteonoidea + Rissoelloidea) and Tectipleura (Euopisthobranchia + Panpulmonata). The early Euthyneura are suggested to be at least temporary burrowers with a characteristic ‘bubble’ shell, hypertrophied foot and headshield as exemplified by many extant subtaxa with an infaunal mode of life, while the expansion of the mantle might have triggered the explosive Mesozoic radiation of the clade into diverse ecological niches.
Nanoscale Structure, Dynamics, and Aging Behavior of Metallic Glass Thin Films
Authors: Burgess J. A. J. , Holt C. M. B. , Luber E. J. , Fortin D. C. , Popowich G. , Zahiri B. , Concepcion P. , Mitlin D. , Freeman M. R.
Published: August 2016

Scanning tunnelling microscopy observations resolve the structure and dynamics of metallic glass Cu100−xHfx films and demonstrate scanning tunnelling microscopy control of aging at a metallic glass surface. Surface clusters exhibit heterogeneous hopping dynamics. Low Hf concentration films feature an aged surface of larger, slower clusters. Argon ion-sputtering destroys the aged configuration, yielding a surface in constant fluctuation. Scanning tunnelling microscopy can locally restore the relaxed state, allowing for nanoscale lithographic definition of aged sections.
Real-time optical diagnosis of gastric cancer with serosal invasion using multiphoton imaging
Authors: Yan Jun , Zheng Yu , Zheng Xiaoling , Liu Zhangyuanzhu , Liu Wenju , Chen Dexin , Dong Xiaoyu , Li Kai , Liu Xiumin , Chen Gang , Lu Jianping , Chen Jianxin , Zhuo Shuangmu , Li Guoxin
Published: August 2016

A real-time optical biopsy, which could determine tissue histopathology, would be of extraordinary benefit to staging laparoscopy for gastric cancer with serosal invasion (T4) that requires downstage treatment. We investigated the feasibility of using multiphoton imaging to perform a real-time optical diagnosis of gastric cancer with or without serosal invasion. First, a pilot study was performed to establish the optical diagnostic features of gastric cancer with or without serosal invasion using multiphoton imaging compared with hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson’s trichrome staining. Second, a blinded study was performed to compare the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of multiphoton imaging and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for T4 gastric cancer. In the pilot study, multiphoton imaging revealed collagen loss and degradation and cellular and nuclear pleomorphism in gastric cancer with serosal invasion. The collagen content in gastric cancer with or without serosal invasion was 0.36 ± 0.18 and 0.79 ± 0.16 (p < 0.001), respectively. In the blinded study, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of EUS and multiphoton imaging for T4 gastric cancer were 70% and 90% (p = 0.029), 66.67% and 96.67% (p = 0.003), and 68.33% and 93.33% (p = 0.001), respectively. It is feasible to use multiphoton imaging to make a real-time optical diagnosis of gastric cancer with or without serosal invasion.
Neural changes in the primate brain correlated with the evolution of complex motor skills
Authors: Yamazaki Y. , Hikishima K. , Saiki M. , Inada M. , Sasaki E. , Lemon R. N. , Price C. J. , Okano H. , Iriki A.
Published: August 2016

Complex motor skills of eventual benefit can be learned after considerable trial and error. What do structural brain changes that accompany such effortful long-term learning tell us about the mechanisms for developing innovative behavior? Using MRI, we monitored brain structure before, during and after four marmosets learnt to use a rake, over a long period of 10–13 months. Throughout learning, improvements in dexterity and visuo-motor co-ordination correlated with increased volume in the lateral extrastriate cortex. During late learning, when the most complex behavior was maintained by sustained motivation to acquire the skill, the volume of the nucleus accumbens increased. These findings reflect the motivational state required to learn, and show accelerated function in higher visual cortex that is consistent with neurocognitive divergence across a spectrum of primate species.
Treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, attenuates the fish hypoxia response
Authors: Panlilio Jennifer M. , Marin Sara , Lobl Marissa B. , McDonald M. Danielle
Published: August 2016

The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine (FLX), the active ingredient of the antidepressant drug Prozac, inhibits reuptake of the neurotransmitter, serotonin (5-HT; 5-hydroxytryptamine), into cells by the 5-HT transporter (SERT). Given the role of 5-HT in oxygen detection and the cardiovascular and ventilatory responses of fish to hypoxia, we hypothesized that treatment of the Gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta, with FLX would interfere with their response to hypoxia. Toadfish treated intra-arterially with 3.4 μg.g−1 FLX under normoxic conditions displayed a transient tachycardia and a biphasic caudal arterial blood pressure (PCA) response that are in direct conflict with the typical hypoxia response. Fish injected intraperitoneally with FLX under normoxia had resting cardiovascular and ventilatory parameters similar to controls. Upon exposure to hypoxia, control toadfish exhibit a significant bradycardia, reduction in PCA and an increase in ventilatory amplitude (VAMP) without any changes in ventilatory frequency (fV). Fish treated IP with 10 μg.g−1 FLX showed an interference in the cardiovascular and ventilatory response to hypoxia. Interestingly, when treated with 25 μg.g−1 FLX, the bradycardia and VAMP response to hypoxia were similar to control fish while the PCA response to hypoxia was further inhibited. These results suggest that SERT inhibition by FLX may hinder survival in hypoxia.
Structural insight into β-Clamp and its interaction with DNA Ligase in Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Pandey Preeti , Tarique Khaja Faisal , Mazumder Mohit , Rehman Syed Arif Abdul , kumari Nilima , Gourinath Samudrala
Published: August 2016

Helicobacter pylori, a gram-negative and microaerophilic bacterium, is the major cause of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers and gastric cancer. Owing to its central role, DNA replication machinery has emerged as a prime target for the development of antimicrobial drugs. Here, we report 2Å structure of β-clamp from H. pylori (Hpβ-clamp), which is one of the critical components of DNA polymerase III. Despite of similarity in the overall fold of eubacterial β-clamp structures, some distinct features in DNA interacting loops exists that have not been reported previously. The in silico prediction identified the potential binders of β-clamp such as alpha subunit of DNA pol III and DNA ligase with identification of β-clamp binding regions in them and validated by SPR studies. Hpβ-clamp interacts with DNA ligase in micromolar binding affinity. Moreover, we have successfully determined the co-crystal structure of β-clamp with peptide from DNA ligase (not reported earlier in prokaryotes) revealing the region from ligase that interacts with β-clamp.
Effects of bipyramidal gold nanoparticles and gold nanorods on the detection of immunoglobulins
Authors: Zhang Hua , She Zhe , Su Han , Kerman Kagan , Kraatz Heinz-Bernhard
Published: August 2016

The influence of different shapes of gold nanoparticles and techniques (SPR and SWV) on the sensitivity of biosensors was investigated, using IgG detection as a model system.
Identification of the formation of metal–vinylidene interfacial bonds of alkyne-capped platinum nanoparticles by isotopic labeling
Authors: Hu Peiguang , Chen Limei , Deming Christopher P. , Bonny Lewis W. , Lee Hsiau-Wei , Chen Shaowei
Published: August 2016

Pt–vinylidene interfacial bonds, rather than Pt–acetylide and –hydride bonds, are formed when n-alkynes self-assemble onto Pt nanoparticle surface.
Layer-structured coordination polymers based on 5-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)isophthalic acid: structure, sensitization of lanthanide(iii) cations and small-molecule sensing
Authors: Jia Jia , Xu Jianing , Wang Shengyan , Wang Pengcheng , Gao Lijuan , Chai Juan , Shen Lanlan , Chen Xiaobo , Fan Yong , Wang Li
Published: August 2016

Compound 1 can serve as a host for encapsulation of Ln3+ ions.
Anomalous diffusion in time-fluctuating non-stationary diffusivity landscapes
Authors: Cherstvy Andrey G. , Metzler Ralf
Published: August 2016

We investigate the diffusive and ergodic properties of massive and confined particles in a model disordered medium, in which the local diffusivity fluctuates in time while its mean has a power law dependence on the diffusion time.
Insight into the pseudo π-hole interactions in the M3H6⋯(NCF)n(M = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb; n = 1, 2, 3) complexes
Authors: Li Wei , Zeng Yanli , Li Xiaoyan , Sun Zheng , Meng Lingpeng
Published: August 2016

For cyclopropane and its derivatives M3H6(M = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb), “pseudo π-hole” regions above and below the M–M–M three-membered ring have been discovered, and pseudo π-hole interactions between M3H6and F–CN have been designed and investigated.
Thermal contact resistance across a linear heterojunction within a hybrid graphene/hexagonal boron nitride sheet
Authors: Hong Yang , Zhang Jingchao , Zeng Xiao Cheng
Published: August 2016

Interfacial thermal conductance plays a vital role in defining the thermal properties of nanostructured materials in which heat transfer is predominantly phonon mediated.
First-principles analysis on role of spinel (111) phase boundaries in Li4+3xTi5O12 Li-ion battery anodes
Authors: Tanaka Yoshinori , Ikeda Minoru , Sumita Masato , Ohno Takahisa , Takada Kazunori
Published: August 2016

The practical anode material Li4+3xTi5O12 is known to undergo a two-phase separation into Li7Ti5O12 and Li4Ti5O12 during charging/discharging.
Encapsulation of spherical nanoparticles by colloidal dimers
Authors: Munaò Gianmarco , Costa Dino , Prestipino Santi , Caccamo Carlo
Published: August 2016

Typical capsule structures resulting from the simulation of mixtures of colloidal dimers and spherical nanoparticles of variable size.
Theoretical insight into the wavelength-dependent photodissociation mechanism of nitric acid
Authors: Xiao Hongyan , Maeda Satoshi , Morokuma Keiji
Published: August 2016

The MS-CASPT2 method is used to study O(1D) + HONO and OH + NO2 photodissociation pathways of HNO3 in the four lowest electronic singlet states.
Applications of N-heterocyclic imines in main group chemistry
Authors: Ochiai Tatsumi , Franz Daniel , Inoue Shigeyoshi
Published: August 2016

A survey of the most recent progress in the applications of N-heterocyclic imines in main group compounds is given.
Group 10–group 14 metal complexes [E–TM]IV: the role of the group 14 site as an L, X and Z-type ligand
Authors: Wächtler Erik , Gericke Robert , Brendler Erica , Gerke Birgit , Langer Thorsten , Pöttgen Rainer , Zhechkov Lyuben , Heine Thomas , Wagler Jörg
Published: August 2016

The group 14 element's ligand role in N,S-bridged transition metal complexes was shown to depend on both atoms’ substitution patterns.
Hexagonal CeO2 nanostructures: an efficient electrode material for supercapacitors
Authors: Maheswari Nallappan , Muralidharan Gopalan
Published: August 2016

Small size hexagonal CeO2 nanostructure enhances the energy and power density of supercapacitors.
The use of metallic oxide nanoparticles to enhance growth of tomatoes and eggplants in disease infested soil or soilless medium
Authors: Elmer Wade H. , White Jason C.
Published: August 2016

Foliar application of CuO nanoparticles applied to tomato and eggplant grown in pathogen infested soil had more yield than controls.
An approach towards tailoring interfacial structures and properties of multiphase renewable thermoplastics from lignin–nitrile rubber
Authors: Bova Tony , Tran Chau D. , Balakshin Mikhail Y. , Chen Jihua , Capanema Ewellyn A. , Naskar Amit K.
Published: August 2016

High-performance multiphase thermoplastics were synthesized by reactive mixing of unmodified industrial lignin and low-cost additives in a matrix of general-purpose acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR).
Synthesis and characterization of functional porous organic polymers as efficient metallocene catalyst supports
Authors: Wang Xiong , Xu Renwei , Zhu Bochao , Li Yanfeng , Ma Yanping
Published: August 2016

Porous P(HEMA-co-DVB) particles with tunable pore structure and morphology were prepared by a dispersion polymerization strategy.
Synthesis and evaluation of N-alkylated analogues of aza-galacto-fagomine – potential pharmacological chaperones for Krabbe disease
Authors: Viuff Agnete H. , Jensen Henrik H.
Published: August 2016

Seven novel alkylated or acylated analogues of hexahydropyridazine aza-galacto-fagomine (AGF) was prepared and studied as glycosidase inhibitors with the aim of increasing inhibitory potency and selectivity.
Metal-free oxidative amidation of aldehydes with aminopyridines employing aqueous hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Sankari Devi E. , Alanthadka Anitha , Tamilselvi A. , Nagarajan Subbiah , Sridharan Vellaisamy , Maheswari C. Uma
Published: August 2016

An elegant metal free method for the amidation of aldehydes with aminopyridines for the synthesis of N-(pyridinyl)benzamide was accomplished using simple aqueous H2O2 as the oxidant.
Polyannulation of internal alkynes and O-acyloxime derivatives to synthesize functional poly(isoquinoline)s
Authors: Liu Yajing , Gao Meng , Zhao Zheng , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: August 2016

Rhodium-catalyzed polymerization of internal diynes and O-acyloxime derivatives.
A ZnO–CNT nanocomposite based electrochemical DNA biosensor for meningitis detection
Authors: Tak Manvi , Gupta Vinay , Tomar Monika
Published: August 2016

The article focuses on the synthesis of ZnO and CNTs based electrochemical DNA biosensor and its application towards meningitis DNA detection with high sensitivity as well as selectivity.
A new electrochromic copolymer which switched between neutral black and oxidized transmissive
Authors: Wang Chunlei , Wang Min , Zhang Yan , Zhao Jinsheng , Fu Chonggang
Published: August 2016

A new type of electrochromic donor–acceptor type copolymer was obtained by the electrodeposition method. TheP(1-co-2)film exhibited a deep black color in the neutral state and a transmissive light gray color in the oxidized state.
One-pot bienzymatic cascade combining decarboxylative aldol reaction and kinetic resolution to synthesize chiral β-hydroxy ketone derivatives
Authors: Xu Fan , Xu Jian , Hu Yujing , Lin Xianfu , Wu Qi
Published: August 2016

A bienzymatic one-pot cascade was constructed for the synthesis of chiral β-hydroxy ketones with up to 99% ee and theoretical yields.
Sigma-spacer regulated thiophenyl triazine conjugates: synthesis and crystal, electronic and luminescent properties
Authors: Zhu Zhuangli , Shao Ersha , Xu Shan , Sun Huaming , Zhang Guofang , Xie Zunyuan , Zhang Weiqiang , Gao Ziwei
Published: August 2016

Water-accelerated Pd-catalyzed Suzuki reaction for synthesis of TTCs. Sigma-spacer and position isomerism finely tuned the luminescent properties.
Color-tunable smectite : Eu(L)2 (L = Phen, Bpy) hybrid materials from red to blue: internal bond rotation and reduction by hydrazine
Authors: Kim Donghyeon , Kim Riye , Ahn Sung Il , Jeong Euh Duck , Park Jung-Chul
Published: August 2016

Eu(Phen)23+ complexes are successfully intercalated into smectite minerals. The red-emitting smectite : Eu(Phen)23+ hybrids is dramatically converted into the blue-emission by hydrazine-reduction.
Li3V2(PO4)3 as a cathode additive for the over-discharge protection of lithium ion batteries
Authors: Gao Tiantian , Wang Bo , Fang Haitao , Liu Chunyu , Wang Lei , Liu Guijing , Liu Tiefeng , Wang Dianlong
Published: August 2016

LVP was added to LCO through a “layer to layer” mode to make a composite cathode and to reduce the potential of LCO during the over-discharge process.
Molecular-structure control of electron transfer dynamics of push–pull porphyrins as sensitizers for NiO based dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Zhang Lei , Favereau Ludovic , Farre Yoann , Maufroy Antoine , Pellegrin Yann , Blart Errol , Hissler Muriel , Jacquemin Denis , Odobel Fabrice , Hammarström Leif
Published: August 2016

Zn(ii)-porphyrin dyes for NiO dye-sensitized solar cells showed surprisingly rapid charge recombination, in spite of their push–pull character. Appending a secondary acceptor prolonged charge separation and led to improved photovoltaic performance.
One-pot solvothermal synthesis of magnetic SnFe2O4 nanoparticles and their performance in the photocatalytic degradation of chlortetracycline with visible light radiation
Authors: Jia Yuefa , Kim Deok-Hyeon , Lee Taehyoung , Kang Seokwon , Lee B. W. , Rhee S. J. , Liu Chunli
Published: August 2016

Highly crystalline SnFe2O4 nanoparticles with high saturation magnetization and superior chlortetracycline degradation efficiency was developed using a one-pot solvothermal method.
A new visible-light driving nanocomposite photocatalyst Er3+:Y3Al5O12/MoS2–NaTaO3–PdS for photocatalytic degradation of a refractory pollutant with potentially simultaneous hydrogen evolution
Authors: Rong Yang , Tang Liang , Song Yahui , Wei Shengnan , Zhang Zhaohong , Wang Jun
Published: August 2016

A new visible-light-sensitive photocatalyst, Er3+:Y3Al5O12/MoS2–NaTaO3–PdS, was prepared by hydrothermal, liquid boiling and deposition methods.
Fabrication of functionalized 3D graphene with controllable micro/meso-pores as a superior electrocatalyst for enhanced oxygen reduction in both acidic and alkaline solutions
Authors: Guan Yue , Dou Zhiyu , Yang Yan , Xue Juanhong , Zhu Zhen , Cui Lili
Published: August 2016

We have synthesized hierarchically 3D porous Fe5C2/N-doped graphene (3D Fe5C2/N-PG) with numerous micro/meso-pores by a controllable and facile strategy. The catalyst displays excellent catalytic activity for ORR in both acidic and alkaline media.
A NbO-type copper metal–organic framework decorated with carboxylate groups exhibiting highly selective CO2adsorption and separation of organic dyes
Authors: Liu Xiuping , Xiao Zhenyu , Xu Jing , Xu Wenbin , Sang Pengpeng , Zhao Lianming , Zhu Houyu , Sun Daofeng , Guo Wenyue
Published: August 2016

A porous Cu metal–organic framework (1) based on a pentacarboxylate ligand and paddlewheel SBU was synthesized and structurally characterized.
Self-assembly of a white-light emitting polymer with aggregation induced emission enhancement using simplified derivatives of tetraphenylethylene
Authors: Ravindran Ezhakudiyan , Varathan Elumalai , Subramanian Venkatesan , Somanathan Narayanasastri
Published: August 2016

Novel luminogen based copolymers exhibit bright white light emission with high quantum yield through aggregation induced emission enhancement due to J-aggregates.
Ultrafast‐response humidity sensor based on GOQDs/polyelectrolyte composite films
Authors: Li Ning , Chen Xiangdong , Chen Xinpeng , Ding Xing
Published: August 2016

A new humidity sensor based on graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs)/polyelectrolyte [polymer (diallylimethyammonium chloride) (PDDA)] composite sensing films was proposed. A few layers of GOQDs anchor on PDDA were prepared on the substrate via covalent bonds. A 0D scale, hydrophilicity, and super‐permeation of GOQDs endow the sensor an ultrafast response with about 32 ms response time and 48 ms recovery time. Meanwhile, the response was hardly affected due to covalent anchor of the composite film even after the sensor was soaked in water for several times.
Theoretical harmonic analysis of cascaded H‐bridge inverter under hybrid pulse width multilevel modulation
Authors: Liu Jiaomin , Sun Yuwei , Li Yonggang , Fu Chao
Published: August 2016

This study investigates the analytical approach for determining the spectral components of a hybrid pulse width modulation (HPWM) strategy for cascaded H‐bridge (CHB) multilevel inverters. By decomposing the HPWM voltage into a staircase waveform and a non‐sinusoidal pulse width modulation waveform and applying the one‐dimensional Fourier series as well as double Fourier series methods, the closed‐form solution for arbitrary level HPWM voltage is derived. Based on the derived solution, analysis of HPWM output with a changed modulation index is also performed, with good stability and control dynamic demonstrated. The spectral analytical expression is verified extensively by comparison of theoretical calculation results with those of the simulation and laboratory experiment, which coincide with each other very well. Furthermore, a brief switch function rotation balancing method for HPWM‐based CHB inverter is utilised, and is also validated by experimental results.
Energy storage and wind power: sensitivity of revenue to future market uncertainties
Authors: Dunbar Anna , Wallace A. Robin , Harrison Gareth P.
Published: August 2016

Grid connected electrical energy storage is expected to enable the integration of variable renewable generation in the future. As the electricity sector develops wholesale electricity prices will change, which will change the way in which storage technologies are operated. This study investigates the sensitivity of storage revenue to uncertain market variables. Results indicate that higher gas prices, carbon prices and average demand would increase peak electricity prices, leading to larger daily price spreads and increased storage revenue. Increased wind generation, however, would reduce opportunities for price arbitrage and lessen storage revenue. Wind power also affects the way in which devices are operated and changes the characteristics which are rewarded by the market. With increased wind capacity, storage devices cycle less regularly as operation is driven by substantial changes in wind power output, rather than daily demand patterns. As a result, slower discharge times are more favourable and revenue is more sensitive to rates of self‐discharge. Furthermore, there is less variation in wholesale electricity price and consequently conversion efficiency is more critical to performance.
Tigers (Panthera tigris) respond to fine spatial-scale habitat factors: occupancy-based habitat association of tigers in Chitwan National Park, Nepal
Authors: Kafley Hemanta , Gompper Matthew E. , Sharma Mandira , Lamichane Babu R. , Maharjan Rupak
Published: August 2016

Context Source populations of many large carnivores such as tigers (Panthera tigris) are confined within small wildlife refuges in human-dominated landscapes. Appropriate management of these populations may warrant understanding fine-scale use of habitat. Aims The aim of the present study is to understand the fine spatial-scale habitat associations of tigers in Chitwan National Park, Nepal. Methods We conducted camera-trap surveys across the park and applied an occupancy modelling approach to assess the probability of tiger detection and occurrence as a function of fine-scale habitat covariates. Results Tiger detection probability as a function of fine-scale habitat covariates was ≤0.20 compared with that of a constant detection model. Detectability patterns were best explained by models incorporating the effect of prey, slope and landcover type. Similarly, the best occupancy model incorporating the detection probability included prey, landcover type, water and slope. Tiger occurrence patterns were positively associated with prey availability and certain landcover types such as grasslands. Contrary to expectation, occurrence probability decreased further from human settlements. However, as expected, the occurrence of tigers was higher in proximity to water sources. Conclusions Both tiger detection and occurrence are influenced by fine-scale habitat factors, including prey availability. In small protected areas, individuals may persist at high population densities by intensively focusing their activity on small portions of their home ranges. Implications Our study provided insight into the fine spatial-scale occurrence probability of tigers, and thereby aids in developing appropriate habitat management strategies at the protected-area level. Our approach is broadly applicable to the robust assessment of fine-scale wildlife–habitat associations of many wide-ranging species that are ecologically ‘confined’ in smaller protected areas.
Upon the altar of British prestige: a re-evaluation of Dunsterforce’s exploits and legacy
Authors: Lim Preston
Published: August 2016

Dunsterforce, known alternatively as the Hush Hush Army, set off from Baghdad in January of 1918, with the aim of defending Persia from the Ottoman Army. Though operating at first in Persia, General Dunsterville accepted a request from the Central Caspian Dictatorship of Baku to help defend the city against the attacking Ottoman Army of Islam. Dunsterville was cognizant of Baku’s importance as an oil city and role as a potential gateway to Central Asia and deployed his force to Baku in August 1918, withdrawing in September in defeat. This paper re-evaluates the Dunsterforce expedition, arguing that Dunsterville’s decision to deploy at Baku was militarily sound, but that Dunsterforce’s most significant achievements occurred not in Baku, but in Persia.
ERK signaling promotes cell motility by inducing the localization of myosin 1E to lamellipodial tips
Authors: Tanimura Susumu , Hashizume Junya , Arichika Naoya , Watanabe Kazushi , Ohyama Kaname , Takeda Kohsuke , Kohno Michiaki
Published: August 2016

Signaling by extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) plays an essential role in the induction of cell motility, but the precise mechanism underlying such regulation has remained elusive. We recently identified SH3P2 as a negative regulator of cell motility whose function is inhibited by p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK)–mediated phosphorylation downstream of ERK. We here show that myosin 1E (Myo1E) is a binding partner of SH3P2 and that the interaction of the two proteins in the cytosol prevents the localization of Myo1E to the plasma membrane. Serum-induced phosphorylation of SH3P2 at Ser202 by RSK results in dissociation of Myo1E from SH3P2 in the cytosol and the subsequent localization of Myo1E to the tips of lamellipodia mediated by binding of its TH2 domain to F-actin. This translocation of Myo1E is essential for lamellipodium extension and consequent cell migration. The ERK signaling pathway thus promotes cell motility through regulation of the subcellular localization of Myo1E.
Inflammatory monocytes and NK cells play a crucial role in DNAM-1–dependent control of cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Lenac Rovis Tihana , Kucan Brlic Paola , Kaynan Noa , Juranic Lisnic Vanda , Brizic Ilija , Jordan Stefan , Tomic Adriana , Kvestak Daria , Babic Marina , Tsukerman Pinchas , Colonna Marco , Koszinowski Ulrich , Messerle Martin , Mandelboim Ofer , Krmpotic Astrid , Jonjic Stipan
Published: August 2016

The poliovirus receptor (PVR) is a ubiquitously expressed glycoprotein involved in cellular adhesion and immune response. It engages the activating receptor DNAX accessory molecule (DNAM)-1, the inhibitory receptor TIGIT, and the CD96 receptor with both activating and inhibitory functions. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) down-regulates PVR expression, but the significance of this viral function in vivo remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that mouse CMV (MCMV) also down-regulates the surface PVR. The m20.1 protein of MCMV retains PVR in the endoplasmic reticulum and promotes its degradation. A MCMV mutant lacking the PVR inhibitor was attenuated in normal mice but not in mice lacking DNAM-1. This attenuation was partially reversed by NK cell depletion, whereas the simultaneous depletion of mononuclear phagocytes abolished the virus control. This effect was associated with the increased expression of DNAM-1, whereas TIGIT and CD96 were absent on these cells. An increased level of proinflammatory cytokines in sera of mice infected with the virus lacking the m20.1 and an increased production of iNOS by inflammatory monocytes was observed. Blocking of CCL2 or the inhibition of iNOS significantly increased titer of the virus lacking m20.1. In this study, we have demonstrated that inflammatory monocytes, together with NK cells, are essential in the early control of CMV through the DNAM-1–PVR pathway.
Evaluating electronic health record data sources and algorithmic approaches to identify hypertensive individuals
Authors: Teixeira Pedro L , Wei Wei-Qi , Cronin Robert M , Mo Huan , VanHouten Jacob P , Carroll Robert J , LaRose Eric , Bastarache Lisa A , Rosenbloom S. Trent , Edwards Todd L , Roden Dan M , Lasko Thomas A , Dart Richard A , Nikolai Anne M , Peissig Peggy L , Denny Joshua C
Published: August 2016

Objective: Phenotyping algorithms applied to electronic health record (EHR) data enable investigators to identify large cohorts for clinical and genomic research. Algorithm development is often iterative, depends on fallible investigator intuition, and is time- and labor-intensive. We developed and evaluated 4 types of phenotyping algorithms and categories of EHR information to identify hypertensive individuals and controls and provide a portable module for implementation at other sites.

Materials and Methods: We reviewed the EHRs of 631 individuals followed at Vanderbilt for hypertension status. We developed features and phenotyping algorithms of increasing complexity. Input categories included International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD9) codes, medications, vital signs, narrative-text search results, and Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) concepts extracted using natural language processing (NLP). We developed a module and tested portability by replicating 10 of the best-performing algorithms at the Marshfield Clinic.

Results: Random forests using billing codes, medications, vitals, and concepts had the best performance with a median area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.976. Normalized sums of all 4 categories also performed well (0.959 AUC). The best non-NLP algorithm combined normalized ICD9 codes, medications, and blood pressure readings with a median AUC of 0.948. Blood pressure cutoffs or ICD9 code counts alone had AUCs of 0.854 and 0.908, respectively. Marshfield Clinic results were similar.

Conclusion: This work shows that billing codes or blood pressure readings alone yield good hypertension classification performance. However, even simple combinations of input categories improve performance. The most complex algorithms classified hypertension with excellent recall and precision.
Comparison of heuristic and cognitive walkthrough usability evaluation methods for evaluating health information systems
Authors: Khajouei Reza , Zahiri Esfahani Misagh , Jahani Yunes
Published: August 2016

Objective: There are several user-based and expert-based usability evaluation methods that may perform differently according to the context in which they are used. The objective of this study was to compare 2 expert-based methods, heuristic evaluation (HE) and cognitive walkthrough (CW), for evaluating usability of health care information systems.

Materials and methods: Five evaluators independently evaluated a medical office management system using HE and CW. We compared the 2 methods in terms of the number of identified usability problems, their severity, and the coverage of each method.

Results: In total, 156 problems were identified using the 2 methods. HE identified a significantly higher number of problems related to the “satisfaction” attribute (P = .002). The number of problems identified using CW concerning the “learnability” attribute was significantly higher than those identified using HE (P = .005). There was no significant difference between the number of problems identified by HE, based on different usability attributes (P = .232). Results of CW showed a significant difference between the number of problems related to usability attributes (P < .0001). The average severity of problems identified using CW was significantly higher than that of HE (P < .0001).

Conclusion: This study showed that HE and CW do not differ significantly in terms of the number of usability problems identified, but they differ based on the severity of problems and the coverage of some usability attributes. The results suggest that CW would be the preferred method for evaluating systems intended for novice users and HE for users who have experience with similar systems. However, more studies are needed to support this finding.
Dynamics of lineage commitment revealed by single-cell transcriptomics of differentiating embryonic stem cells
Authors: Semrau Stefan , Goldmann Johanna , Soumillon Magali , Mikkelsen Tarjei S. , Jaenisch Rudolf , Oudenaarden Alexander van
Published: August 2016

Gene expression heterogeneity in the pluripotent state of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) has been increasingly well-characterized. In contrast, exit from pluripotency and lineage commitment have not been studied systematically at the single-cell level. Here we measured the gene expression dynamics of retinoic acid driven mESC differentiation using an unbiased single-cell transcriptomics approach. We found that the exit from pluripotency marks the start of a lineage bifurcation as well as a transient phase of susceptibility to lineage specifying signals. Our study revealed several transcriptional signatures of this phase, including a sharp increase of gene expression variability. Importantly, we observed a handover between two classes of transcription factors. The early-expressed class has potential roles in lineage biasing, the late-expressed class in lineage commitment. In summary, we provide a comprehensive analysis of lineage commitment at the single cell level, a potential stepping stone to improved lineage control through timing of differentiation cues.
Capturing the student user experience (UX) in York and Loughborough University Library buildings
Authors: Burn Katie , Cunningham Matthew , Waller Liz , Walton Emma , Walton Graham
Published: August 2016

Purpose

– In higher education libraries, the concept of the user experience has increased in profile and importance. The concept of the “student as customer” has generated much debate but there is general agreement that universities need to be more successful in meeting student expectations. A key strategic area for university libraries has been to adapt and improve their physical spaces to ensure that they are still relevant for today’s students. York and Loughborough University Libraries have both undergone building refurbishments and both are committed to monitoring and reviewing services and spaces. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

– There were various constraints which very much influenced the methodology. These included: avoiding survey overload no resource allocation an acknowledgement that the methodology employed needed to combine rigour and validity with a pragmatic approach to data collection. A joint project team was established of representatives from each university. A questionnaire created on Google Forms was administered by staff with individuals in the library and entering the data onto a iPad.

Findings

– Findings provide evidence of use across a range of users along with valuable information on who is using our library spaces and for what purpose.

Originality/value

– This research is a rich contribution to the evidence based around student’s learning in universities. It benefits from the expertise and knowledge of two university libraries. As university’s continue to develop learning spaces, this work will enable further investigation around what makes a successful learning space and what makes the library a destination of choice.
The remaining core: a fresh look at religiosity trends in Great Britain
Authors: Wilkins‐Laflamme Sarah
Published: August 2016

In recent years, there has been a growing argument that the end product of secularization may not be a disappearance of all things religious, but rather a polarization between a larger secular group in society and smaller religiously fervent and active communities. Yet, there has been little empirical testing of this theory in contexts of advanced secularization. The aim of this paper is to fill this gap by studying individual belief and religiosity trends over the past four decades in Great Britain, searching specifically for evidence of the population splitting more and more between religious ‘nones’ removed from all forms of religion, and actively religious individuals characterized by strong beliefs and favourable to the public involvement of religion. Analysing descriptive statistics from the 1983–2012 BSAs as well as more detailed models from the 1991, 1998 and 2008 BSAs, we find growing differences in levels of beliefs and attitudes towards public religion between the increasing proportions of unaffiliated and, in recent years and among younger cohorts, more stable proportions of religiously committed individuals. The remaining religiously committed generally have stronger beliefs and more favourable views towards religious leaders influencing politics in 2008 compared with 1991, and the unaffiliated, less favourable views towards public religion.
Age‐Related Differences of Organism‐Specific Peritonitis Rates: A Single‐Center Experience
Authors: Kotera Nagaaki , Tanaka Mototsugu , Aoe Mari , Chikamori Masatomo , Honda Tomoko , Ikenouchi Ayako , Miura Rika , Sugahara Mai , Furuse Satoshi , Saito Katsunori , Mise Naobumi
Published: August 2016

Peritonitis remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, but its incidence and the distribution of causative organisms vary widely between institutions and age groups. This study was performed to investigate the recent status and risk factors of PD‐related peritonitis and to clarify differences between age groups. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 119 PD patients treated at our department between January 2002 and January 2013. We calculated both overall and organism‐specific peritonitis rates and also analyzed risk factors. Sixty‐three episodes of peritonitis occurred during 261.5 patient‐years for an incident rate of 0.24 episodes/patient‐year. Multivariate analysis showed that older age (≥65 years) and hypoalbuminemia (<3.0 g/dL) were associated with an increased risk of peritonitis (P = 0.035 and P = 0.029, respectively). In elderly patients (≥65 years old), the rate of peritonitis due to Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria was 0.17 and 0.08 episodes/patient‐year, respectively, and Gram‐positive peritonitis was markedly more frequent than in younger patients (<65 years old). In particular, there was a high frequency of Staphylococcus aureus peritonitis in elderly patients (0.09 episodes/patient‐year) and it had a poor outcome. At our department, the risk of peritonitis was increased in older patients and patients with hypoalbuminemia. The distribution of causative organisms was markedly different between age groups and analysis of organism‐specific peritonitis rates helped to identify current problems with our PD program.
Habitat suitability models for the sand lizard Liolaemus wiegmannii based on landscape characteristics in temperate coastal dunes in Argentina
Authors: Block Carolina , Pedrana Julieta , Stellatelli Oscar Aníbal , Vega Laura Estela , Isacch Juan Pablo
Published: August 2016

The knowledge of environmental variables associated with the species occurrence allows the recognition of sites which fulfil ecological requirements eventually used for conservation of species. The coastal dunes of Argentina are inhabited by sand lizards. Anthropic activities have severely degraded this ecosystem, affecting the habitat structure at a large scale. In this context, the effects of landscape characteristics on the sand lizard's (Liolaemus wiegmannii, Liolaemidae) presence were analysed to build habitat suitability maps along the coastal dunes of Argentina. A thematic map of study area was obtained from supervised classification of satellite images to identify landscape characteristics. Surveys were conducted during the lizard activity season, and landscape variables were measured in two spatial units. All information collected was compiled into a Geographic Information System. The relationship between the presence of lizards and landscape variables was evaluated by Generalized Linear Models. The predictions of these models were transferred by using Geographic Information System to habitat suitability maps. Almost all individuals (80%) were observed in semi‐fixed dunes. The analysis of landscape metrics in the two spatial extents showed complementary results. The habitat suitability models suggest that: (i) heterogeneous landscapes composed by disaggregated patches of semi‐fixed dunes and low or null percentages of active dunes distant from the coastline are the preferred environments, and (ii) human modifications such as urbanizations and forestation of dunes, have a negative impact on species occurrence. Suitable habitats were almost absent in those sectors of coastal dunes with highest level of urbanization, whereas they were distributed almost continuously in those areas without human disturbances.
Anxiety and quality of life after first‐trimester termination of pregnancy: a prospective study
Authors: Toffol Elena , Pohjoranta Elina , Suhonen Satu , Hurskainen Ritva , Partonen Timo , Mentula Maarit , Heikinheimo Oskari
Published: August 2016

Introduction

Possible effects of termination of pregnancy (TOP) on mental health are a matter of debate.

Material and methods

We assessed anxiety and quality of life during a one‐year follow up after first‐trimester TOP using the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Scale and EuroQoL Quality of Life Questionnaire (EQ‐5D, EQ‐VAS) in 742 women participating in a randomized controlled trial on early provision of intrauterine contraception. The measurements were performed before TOP, at 3 months and 1 year after TOP. Inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years, residence in Helsinki, duration of gestation <12 weeks, non‐medical indication for TOP, and approval of intrauterine contraception. The trial was registered with Clinical Trials [NCT01223521].

Results

When compared with baseline, the overall anxiety level was significantly lower and quality of life higher at 3 months and at 1 year. Reduction of anxiety and improvement of quality of life was especially evident (p < 0.001) in the 58% of women reporting clinically relevant anxiety at baseline. High levels of anxiety at baseline, history of psychiatric morbidity and smoking predicted significantly greater risk of poorer quality of life and elevated level of anxiety during the follow up.

Conclusions

TOP is associated with a significant overall reduction of anxiety and an improvement of quality of life among women undergoing it for non‐medical indications. High baseline anxiety, history of psychiatric morbidity and smoking are risk factors of persistently high levels of anxiety and poor quality of life after an induced abortion. These data are important when designing and providing post‐abortion care.
ALK gene rearranged lung adenocarcinomas: molecular genetics and morphology in cohort of patients from North India
Authors: Bal Amanjit , Singh Navneet , Agarwal Parimal , Das Ashim , Behera Digambar
Published: August 2016

ALK gene rearrangement in the lung adenocarcinomas is the second most common (1.6–11.7% of NSCLC) targetable genomic change after EGFR mutations. However, the prevalence and clinicopathological features of ALK‐rearranged lung adenocarcinomas from North India are lacking. A total of 240 cases of lung adenocarcinoma were screened for EGFR mutations and for ALK expression. Smoking status, TNM stage, and treatment response were recorded in all cases. Out of 240 cases screened, 37 cases were positive for EGFR mutations and 17 cases (7.08%) showed ALK positivity with immunohistochemistry and break‐apart FISH. On excluding 37 EGFR mutation–positive cases, the incidence of ALK‐positive adenocarcinoma appears to be higher (17/203 cases, 8.03%). Eight were men and nine were women with mean age of 51.7 years. Majority (62.5%) were non‐smokers and had unresectable disease (70.6% stage IV, 17.6% IIIB). The morphological patterns noted were solid (12 cases), papillary (four cases), and micropapillary (one case). Signet ring (two cases) and clear cell change (one cases) were noted. Out of five patients who received crizotinib, three had partial response and two had stable disease. ALK‐rearranged lung adenocarcinomas account for a minor proportion of NSCLC with prevalence similar to that reported in literature. However, as contrast to published data in our series, patients were in older age group and had solid and papillary pattern on morphology with an aggressive course.
Interpretation of a gas chimney in the Polish Carpathian Foredeep based on integrated seismic and geochemical data
Authors: Marzec Paweł , Sechman Henryk , Kasperska Monika , Cichostępski Kamil , Guzy Piotr , Pietsch Kaja , Porębski Szczepan J.
Published: August 2016

Gas chimneys are common in offshore petroliferous basins, but little known on land where seismic columnar anomalies are often attributed as poor data quality or processing artefacts. This study utilizes high‐quality 3D seismic data to document a seismic columnar anomaly penetrating through the Miocene heterolithic submarine fan‐deltaic infill of the Carpathian Foredeep. The interpreted gas chimney exhibits vertically clustered velocity push‐down features throughout the attenuated amplitude column accompanied by gas shows in well tests, has its root in gas‐bearing Palaeozoic interval and culminates in an anomalous geochemical gas record at soil level. The chimney system, ca 2 km in height and 500‐m wide, begins above the flank of a rotational bedrock fault‐block and extends vertically along a fault‐controlled conduit. At shallower levels, it passes upwards into amplitude wipeout zones that spread laterally around and partly across thin, gas‐charged reservoirs showing bright spots associated with an AVO response. At shallow levels, gas pathways through muddy slope and deltaic clinoforms are not imaged in low‐fold regions of the seismic volume. The surface geochemical anomalies, in contrast to the microbial methane signature of the Miocene succession, show significant enrichment in higher alkanes and alkenes with C2H6/C3H8 ratios indicative of a deep‐sourced, thermogenic gas or gas condensate. These anomalies form a semi‐enclosed halo around the chimney. Despite the juxtaposition of biogenic and thermogenic methane, the chimney structure imaged on seismic data supports a causal link of gases derived from Palaeozoic source rocks ascending to the surface.