bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Remarkable Robustness of the First-Offer Effect
Authors: Gunia Brian C. , Swaab Roderick I. , Sivanathan Niro , Galinsky Adam D.
Published: August 2013

The first-offer effect demonstrates that negotiators achieve better outcomes when making the first offer than when receiving it. The evidence, however, primarily derives from studies of Westerners without systematic power differences negotiating over one issue—contexts that may amplify the first-offer effect. Thus, the present research explored the effect across cultures, among negotiators varying in power, and in negotiations involving single and multiple issues. The first two studies showed that the first-offer effect remains remarkably robust across cultures and multi-issue negotiations. The final two studies demonstrated that low-power negotiators benefit from making the first offer across single- and multi-issue negotiations. The second and fourth studies used multi-issue negotiations with distributive, integrative, and compatible issues, allowing us to show that first offers operate through the distributive, not the integrative or compatible issues. Overall, these results reveal that moving first can benefit negotiators across many organizational and personal situations.
Maintaining Hope at the 11th Hour
Authors: Davis William E. , Hicks Joshua A.
Published: August 2013

Four studies tested the hypothesis that limited time perceptions are associated with lower levels of hope, and that this effect is buffered by high levels of authenticity. Study 1 ( n = 256) utilized a cross-sectional design in which participants completed dispositional measures of time perspective, hope, and authenticity. Three subsequent studies tested our hypothesis experimentally. In a pilot study ( n = 124), participants reported their perceived authenticity, future time perspective (FTP) was manipulated (limited vs. open-ended), and state hope was assessed. Study 2 ( n = 156) introduced a new manipulation of FTP, and Study 3 ( n = 242) replicated Study 2 with the addition of a neutral control condition. Across all studies, individuals who perceived time as limited reported lower levels of hope relative to those who perceived time as open-ended (or those in a neutral control condition), but, importantly, this effect was attenuated for highly authentic individuals.
Metacognitive judgments in music performance
Authors: Peynircioğlu Zehra F. , Brandler Brian J. , Hohman Timothy J. , Knutson Niels
Published: August 2013

We examined two metacognitive judgments, ease of learning (EOL) and judgments of learning (JOL), in music performance. Specifically, we tested whether the extrinsic cue of modality (auditory versus visual presentation), as well as the intrinsic cue of syntax (providing more or less cohesion), would influence such judgments. The participants were piano players in Experiment 1 and other instrumentalists in Experiments 2 and 3. Results showed that modality of the to-be-learned pieces did indeed influence both EOL (all experiments) and JOL (Experiments 2 and 3) ratings. Both ratings were also influenced by syntax (Experiment 3). Thus, successful EOL and JOL were extended to music performance itself. Moreover, unlike in the verbal domain where individuals can often use intrinsic cues but ignore extrinsic cues, both types of cues were used effectively. The findings are interpreted within the framework of cue-utilization theory and salience of cues.
Mechanical properties of bio-fibers-reinforced high-density polyethylene composites: effect of coupling agents and bio-fillers
Authors: Aggarwal Pankaj K , Chauhan Shakti , Raghu N , Karmarkar Sonali , Shashidhar GM
Published: August 2013

Bio-based fibers (wood and bamboo)-filled high-density polyethylene composites were prepared in a twin-screw extruder using two types of coupling agents: maleated polyethylene and glycidyl methacrylate-grafted polyethylene. The effect of bio-fibers used as filler on the mechanical properties of composites was studied. It was observed that mechanical properties such as tensile and flexural strengths of the composites with coupling agent increased with increasing filler loadings. Tensile strength and flexural strength exhibited improvement up to 66% and 90%, respectively, over virgin high-density polyethylene. The maximum enhancement in the properties was observed with wood pulp when compared with wood- or bamboo flour-filled composites. Effect of coupling agents on the performance of composites was evaluated at 30% filler loading with wood flour as the filler. The study suggested that glycidyl methacrylate-grafted polyethylene exhibited better tensile and flexural properties as compared with maleated polyethylene. Impact strength of the composites prepared with coupling agent was found to be more than uncoupled composites. Among the fiber type, the impact strength of wood-fiber-filled composites was superior than that of bamboo flour-filled composites. Moisture absorption study indicated that even at 40% filler loading, moisture gain by the wood fiber- and bamboo flour-filled composites was merely 1.55% and 2.60% after 600 h of water immersion test, which suggests encapsulation of filler material by the polymer matrix.
Functions of figurativity for the narrative in lyric poetry – with a study of English and German poetic epitaphs from the 17th century
Authors: Klimek Sonja
Published: August 2013

Lyric poetry is a genre where discourse types such as description, argumentation, contemplation and narrative can occur together, though in varying combinations. During the last two decades, research has been devoted to the question of how to describe and to study such use of narrativity in lyric poetry. As Hühn (2007) puts it, ‘poetry can profitably be analysed on the basis of narratological categories’. However, this article argues that such a narratological analysis can never replace the traditional lyric analysis. The aim of this article is to combine the means of classical lyric analysis and narratological toolboxes with those of the new rhetorical narratology, in order to explore the impact of figurativity (i.e. micro-narrative stylistic characteristics on the ‘ discours level’ of the poem) on the ‘ histoire level’ (or the level of the enounced, Müller-Zettelmann, 2002) and on the reader of the poetic text in question. As an example, I will study English and German poetic epitaphs from the 17th century, because this early sub-genre of lyric poetry provides enough distance from a restrictive mainstream-romantic understanding of poetry and, at the same time, shows a high degree of figurativity with complex functions. In these texts, figurative elements such as synecdoche and metonymy create ‘discourse events’ at the level of enunciation (with the ‘lyrical I’ as the agent of a decisive change in consciousness or attitudes), but in some cases figurative elements even create (decisive changes that ‘the reader is meant to perform’, Hühn, 2007) that steer the reader’s mental construction of the poem’s ‘story world’, as a key aspect of the text’s narrativity.
All the Gender That’s Fit to Print
Authors: Meeks Lindsey
Published: August 2013

This study examines how the New York Times covered a culturally significant event: the 2008 presidential election. A content analysis of Hillary Clinton, Sarah Palin, and their male counterparts examined coverage of “masculinized” and “feminized” issues and traits, and explicit novelty references. Analysis revealed that the Times promulgated stereotypic trends by providing heavy emphasis on women’s novelty, and more attention on masculinized content. Furthermore, a time-frame analysis showed that the Times gave men more issue and trait coverage than women as the primary and general election came to an end.
Moving From Science to Practice in Evaluation Capacity Building
Authors: Suarez-Balcazar Yolanda , Taylor-Ritzler Tina
Published: August 2013

A synthesis of the state of the literature is discussed in this section of the Evaluation Capacity Building (ECB) forum organized around four critical questions: (1) What is ECB? (2) How can we make it happen? (3) How do we know it is happening? and (4) What is its impact? The authors argue that to move the field of ECB forward we need to envision the science of ECB, not as the sole activity of creating new knowledge but in a close congruent and reciprocal relationship with practice. By adhering to a science-practice model, we conduct research that directly responds to and contributes to practice thus creating strong synergies between ECB practitioners and researchers. Research on ECB needs to be informed by real issues happening in practice, and practice of ECB needs to be informed by the new knowledge created. We must strengthen the science to refine our practice and strengthen the practice to refine the science.
Presumed hydrochlorothiazide-associated immunologic-hypersensitivity-induced pericardial effusion
Authors: Chaskes Michael J , Chaskes Mark B
Published: August 2013

A 50-year-old Caucasian female presented for a second opinion regarding a newly diagnosed pericardial effusion. Seven months previously, hydrochlorothiazide was introduced into her pharmacologic regimen to aid in the management of her hypertension. A routine echocardiogram indicated a large pericardial effusion with signs of early cardiac tamponade. The patient subsequently underwent successful pericardiocentesis with complete drainage of the pericardial effusion. The effusion was empirically attributed to a viral etiology. Repeat echocardiograms showed recurrence of the pericardial effusion. Prior to undergoing a second pericardiocentesis with pericardial biopsy, as her physicians recommended, the patient sought a second opinion. While obtaining the patient’s history, an allergy to sulfa was elicited. The possibility that the pericardial effusion may be secondary to an immunologic-hypersensitivity reaction was considered. It was recommended the patient discontinue the use of hydrochlorothiazide. Nine days following discontinuation of hydrochlorothiazide and without any other intervention, an echocardiogram was reported to show the size of the pericardial effusion had subsided substantially. Nine weeks following discontinuation, almost complete resolution of the pericardial effusion was reported. It is hypothesized that when treated with hydrochlorothiazide, the patient had an immune response leading to the pericardial effusion.
Human secondary lymphoid organs typically contain polyclonally-activated proliferating regulatory T cells
Authors: Peters Jorieke H. , Koenen Hans J. P. M. , Fasse Esther , Tijssen Henk J. , IJzermans Jan N. M. , Groenen Patricia J. T. A. , Schaap Nicolaas P. M. , Kwekkeboom Jaap , Joosten Irma
Published: August 2013

Key Points

The majority of suppressive Tregs in human secondary lymphoid organs are activated, produce cytokines, and proliferate. Human lymphoid organs may provide a platform for in vivo expansion of infused Tregs and subsequent tissue-directed homing.
Costs of tuberculosis disease in the European Union: a systematic analysis and cost calculation
Authors: Diel Roland , Vandeputte Joris , de Vries Gerard , Stillo Jonathan , Wanlin Maryse , Nienhaus Albert
Published: August 2013

Without better vaccines it is unlikely that tuberculosis (TB) will ever be eliminated. An investment of ∼€560 million is considered necessary to develop a new, effective vaccine in the European Union (EU). However, less is known about the costs of TB disease in the EU. We performed a systematic review of literature and institutional websites addressing the 27 EU members to summarise cost data. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane bibliographies for relevant articles.

Combining direct and indirect costs, we arrived at an average per-TB case costs in the original EU-15 states plus Cyprus, Malta and Slovenia of €10 282 for drug-susceptible TB, €57 213 for multidrug resistant (MDR)-TB and €170 744 for extensively drug resistant (XDR)-TB. In the remaining new EU states, costs amounted to €3427 for drug-susceptible TB and €24 166 for MDR-TB/XDR-TB. For the 70 340 susceptible TB cases, 1488 MDR-TB and 136 XDR-TB cases notified in 2011 costs of €536 890 315 accumulated in 2012. In the same year, the 103 104 disability-adjusted life years caused by these cases, when stated in monetary terms, amounted to a total of €5 361 408 000.

Thus, the resulting economic burden of TB in the EU clearly outweighs the cost of investing in more efficient vaccines against TB.
Comparative analysis of non-coding RNAs in the antibiotic-producing Streptomyces bacteria
Authors: Moody Matthew J , Young Rachel A , Jones Stephanie E , Elliot Marie A
Published: August 2013

Background

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are key regulatory elements that control a wide range of cellular processes in all bacteria in which they have been studied. Taking advantage of recent technological innovations, we set out to fully explore the ncRNA potential of the multicellular, antibiotic-producing Streptomyces bacteria.

Results

Using a comparative RNA sequencing analysis of three divergent model streptomycetes (S. coelicolor, S. avermitilis and S. venezuelae), we discovered hundreds of novel cis-antisense RNAs and intergenic small RNAs (sRNAs). We identified a ubiquitous antisense RNA species that arose from the overlapping transcription of convergently-oriented genes; we termed these RNA species ‘cutoRNAs’, for c onvergent u nt ranslated o verlapping RNAs. Conservation between different classes of ncRNAs varied greatly, with sRNAs being more conserved than antisense RNAs. Many species-specific ncRNAs, including many distinct cutoRNA pairs, were located within antibiotic biosynthetic clusters, including the actinorhodin, undecylprodigiosin, and coelimycin clusters of S. coelicolor, the chloramphenicol cluster of S. venezuelae, and the avermectin cluster of S. avermitilis.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that ncRNAs, including a novel class of antisense RNA, may exert a previously unrecognized level of regulatory control over antibiotic production in these bacteria. Collectively, this work has dramatically expanded the ncRNA repertoire of three Streptomyces species and has established a critical foundation from which to investigate ncRNA function in this medically and industrially important bacterial genus.
Transcriptional profiling reveals progeroid Ercc1
-/Δ
mice as a model system for glomerular aging
Authors: Schermer Bernhard , Bartels Valerie , Frommolt Peter , Habermann Bianca , Braun Fabian , Schultze Joachim L , Roodbergen Marianne , Hoeijmakers Jan HJ , Schumacher Björn , Nürnberg Peter , Dollé Martijn ET , Benzing Thomas , Müller Roman-Ulrich , Kurschat Christine E
Published: August 2013

Background

Aging-related kidney diseases are a major health concern. Currently, models to study renal aging are lacking. Due to a reduced life-span progeroid models hold the promise to facilitate aging studies and allow examination of tissue-specific changes. Defects in genome maintenance in the Ercc1

-/Δ
progeroid mouse model result in premature aging and typical age-related pathologies. Here, we compared the glomerular transcriptome of young and aged Ercc1-deficient mice to young and aged WT mice in order to establish a novel model for research of aging-related kidney disease.

Results

In a principal component analysis, age and genotype emerged as first and second principal components. Hierarchical clustering of all 521 genes differentially regulated between young and old WT and young and old Ercc1

-/Δ
mice showed cluster formation between young WT and Ercc1

-/Δ
as well as old WT and Ercc1

-/Δ
samples. An unexpectedly high number of 77 genes were differentially regulated in both WT and Ercc1

-/Δ
mice (p < 0.0001). GO term enrichment analysis revealed these genes to be involved in immune and inflammatory response, cell death, and chemotaxis. In a network analysis, these genes were part of insulin signaling, chemokine and cytokine signaling and extracellular matrix pathways.

Conclusion

Beyond insulin signaling, we find chemokine and cytokine signaling as well as modifiers of extracellular matrix composition to be subject to major changes in the aging glomerulus. At the level of the transcriptome, the pattern of gene activities is similar in the progeroid Ercc1

-/Δ
mouse model constituting a valuable tool for future studies of aging-associated glomerular pathologies.
Allostatic load amplifies the effect of blood lead levels on elevated blood pressure among middle-aged U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zota Ami R , Shenassa Edmond D , Morello-Frosch Rachel
Published: August 2013

Background

Scientists and regulators have sought to understand whether and how physiologic dysregulation due to chronic stress exposure may enhance vulnerability to the adverse health effects of toxicant exposures. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine whether allostatic load (AL), a composite measure of physiologic response to chronic exposure to stress, amplifies the effect of lead exposure on blood pressure among middle-aged adults.

Methods

We analyzed associations between blood lead levels and blood pressure in a nationally representative sample of 8,194 U.S. adults (aged 40-65 years) participating in the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, 1999--2008. Outcomes were elevated systolic (≥ 140 mm Hg) and diastolic (≥ 90 mm Hg) blood pressure. AL was defined as the aggregate score of seven components, reflecting dysregulation of the cardiovascular, inflammatory, and endocrine systems.

Results

Logistic regression models showed a linear dose-response relationship for quintiles of blood lead and elevated systolic blood pressure in the high AL group (p = 0.03) but not the low AL group (p = 0.24). Similarly, the relationship between lead exposure and elevated diastolic blood pressure was stronger among the high AL group than the low AL group. Within the high AL group, the fourth and fifth quintiles had significantly elevated odds of elevated blood pressure compared to lowest quintile [OR = 1.92, (95% CI, 1.07, 3.47) and OR =2.28 (95% CI, 1.33, 3.91), respectively]. In the low AL group, none of the quintile effects were significantly different than the referent group although there was evidence of a linear trend (p =0.03). The lead by AL interaction term was not statistically significant for either systolic or diastolic blood pressure models.

Conclusions

Results suggest that higher AL may amplify the adverse effects of lead on blood pressure. Future research should assess the implications of cumulative exposures to environmental and social stressors for regulatory decision-making.
Non-small cell lung cancer cells survived ionizing radiation treatment display cancer stem cell and epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotypes
Authors: Gomez-Casal Roberto , Bhattacharya Chitralekha , Ganesh Nandita , Bailey Lisa , Basse Per , Gibson Michael , Epperly Michael , Levina Vera
Published: August 2013

Ionizing radiation (IR) is used for patients diagnosed with unresectable non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), however radiotherapy remains largely palliative due to radioresistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), may contribute to drug and radiation resistance mechanisms in solid tumors. Here we investigated the molecular phenotype of A549 and H460 NSCLC cells that survived treatment with IR (5Gy) and are growing as floating tumor spheres and cells that are maintained in a monolayer after irradiation.

Non-irradiated and irradiated cells were collected after one week, seeded onto ultra low attachment plates and propagated as tumor spheres. Bulk NSCLC cells which survived radiation and grew in spheres express cancer stem cell surface and embryonic stem cell markers and are able to self-renew, and generate differentiated progeny. These cells also have a mesenchymal phenotype. Particularly, the radiation survived sphere cells express significantly higher levels of CSC markers (CD24 and CD44), nuclear β-catenin and EMT markers (Snail1, Vimentin, and N-cadherin) than non-irradiated lung tumor sphere cells. Upregulated levels of Oct-4, Sox2 and beta-catenin were detected in H460 cells maintained in a monolayer after irradiation, but not in radiation survived adherent A459 cells.

PDGFR-beta was upregulated in radiation survived sphere cells and in radiation survived adherent cells in both A549 and H460 cell lines. Combining IR treatment with axitinib or dasatinib, inhibitors with anti-PDFGR activity, potentiates the efficacy of NSCLC radiotherapy in vitro.

Our findings suggest that radiation survived cells have a complex phenotype combining the properties of CSCs and EMT. CD44, SNAIL and PDGFR-beta are dramatically upregulated in radiation survived cells and might be considered as markers of radiotherapy response in NSCLC.
Clinical significance of NUCB2 mRNA expression in prostate cancer
Authors: Zhang Hongtuan , Qi Can , Li Liang , Luo Fei , Xu Yong
Published: August 2013

Background

Nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2) abnormal expression has been reported in gastric cancer and breast cancer. However, the role of NUCB2 in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the NUCB2 expression in PCa tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues and its potential relevance to clinicopathological variables and prognosis.

Methods

NUCB2 mRNA expression was determined by real-time quantitative real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in 180 pairs of fresh frozen PCa tissues and corresponding non-cancerous tissues. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to investigate the correlation between NUCB2 expression and prognosis of PCa patients.

Results

Our results showed that the expression level of NUCB2 mRNA in PCa tissues was significantly higher than those in non-cancerous tissues. Our results indicated that the high expression of NUCB2 in PCa was associated with lymph node metastasis, preoperative PSA, Gleason score, and angiolymphatic invasion. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that patients with high NUCB2 expression have shorter biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival time compared to patients with low NUCB2 expression. Multivariate analysis revealed that NUCB2 expression was an independent predictor of BCR-free survival.

Conclusions

NUCB2 might play a positive role in PCa development and could serve as an independent predictor of BCR-free survival.
Management of traumatic hemipelvectomy: an institutional experience on four consecutive cases
Authors: Wu Tian-hao , Wu Xi-rui , Zhang Xiao , Wu Chun-sheng , Zhang Ying-ze , Peng A-qin
Published: August 2013

Background and objective

The incidence of traumatic hemipelvectomy is rare, but it is a devastating injury. Recently, an increasing number of patients with traumatic hemipelvectomy are admitted to trauma centers alive due to improvements of the pre-hospital care. Successful management requires prompt recognition of the nature of this injury and meticulous surgical technique. We present our successful experiences on four cases of traumatic hemipelvectomy in the past nine years.

Patients and methods

Four cases with traumatic hemipelvectomy were admited to our hospital from June 21, 2002 to September 3, 2011. All injuries occurred due to vehicle accident and all patients were in a state of severe hypotension, with two of them having anal lacerations. These four cases were treated immediately with resuscitation, control of hemorrhage, early amputation, repeated debridement and closure of the wounds. An angiographic embolization was given to control hemorrhage in two of the cases preoperatively. One case underwent fecal diversion. Wound infection occurred in all of cases which was successfully controlled by repeated debridements, effective anti-biotic regimen, split-thickness skin grafts.

Results

All four cases were saved successfully with well-healed wounds during follow up from 1 to 7 years. They were able to walk by themself using crutches.

Conclusion

Adhering to the surgery principles of damage control including appropriate resuscitation, hemorrhage control, coagulopathy correction and multiple debridements and closure of the wounds in reasonable period of time can save the life of cases suffering from severe pelvic ring injury.
A method for quantitative measurement of lumbar intervertebral disc structures: an intra- and inter-rater agreement and reliability study
Authors: Tunset Andreas , Kjaer Per , Samir Chreiteh Shadi , Secher Jensen Tue
Published: August 2013

Background

There is a shortage of agreement studies relevant for measuring changes over time in lumbar intervertebral disc structures. The objectives of this study were: 1) to develop a method for measurement of intervertebral disc height, anterior and posterior disc material and dural sac diameter using MRI, 2) to evaluate intra- and inter-rater agreement and reliability for the measurements included, and 3) to identify factors compromising agreement.

Methods

Measurements were performed on MRIs from 16 people with and 16 without lumbar disc herniation, purposefully chosen to represent all possible disc contours among participants in a general population study cohort. Using the new method, MRIs were measured twice by one rater and once by a second rater. Agreement on the sagittal start- and end-slice was evaluated using weighted Kappa. Length and volume measurements were conducted on available slices between intervertebral foramens, and cross-sectional areas (CSA) were calculated from length measurements and slice thickness. Results were reported as Bland and Altman’s limits of agreement (LOA) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).

Results

Weighted Kappa (K
w (95% CI)) for start- and end-slice were: intra-: 0.82(0.60;0.97) & 0.71(0.43;0.93); inter-rater: 0.56(0.29;0.78) & 0.60(0.35;0.81). For length measurements, LOA ranged from [−1.0;1.0] mm to [−2.0;2.3] mm for intra-; and from [−1.1; 1.4] mm to [−2.6;2.0] mm for inter-rater. For volume measurements, LOA ranged from [−293;199] mm3 to [−582;382] mm3 for intra-, and from [−17;801] mm3 to [−450;713] mm3 for inter-rater. For CSAs, LOA ranged between [−21.3; 18.8] mm2 and [−31.2; 43.7] mm2 for intra-, and between [−10.8; 16.4] mm2 and [−64.6; 27.1] mm2 for inter-rater. In general, LOA as a proportion of mean values gradually decreased with increasing size of the measured structures. Agreement was compromised by difficulties in identifying the vertebral corners, the anterior and posterior boundaries of the intervertebral disc and the dural sac posterior boundary. With two exceptions, ICCs were above 0.81.

Conclusions

Length measurements and calculated CSAs of disc morphology and dural sac diameter from MRIs showed acceptable intra- and inter-rater agreement and reliability. However, caution should be taken when measuring very small structures and defining anatomical landmarks.
Changes in feed intake, nutrient digestion, plasma metabolites, and oxidative stress parameters in dairy cows with subacute ruminal acidosis and its regulation with pelleted beet pulp
Authors: Guo Yongqing , Xu Xiaofeng , Zou Yang , Yang Zhanshan , Li Shengli , Cao Zhijun
Published: August 2013

The objectives of this study were to 1) determine the variation of nutrient digestion, plasma metabolites and oxidative stress parameters triggered by induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA); and 2) evaluate the ability of pelleted beet pulp (BP) as a replacement for ground corn to alleviate SARA. Eight Holstein-Friesian cows were fed four diets during four successive17-day periods: 1) total mixed ration (TMR) containing 0% finely ground wheat (FGW) (W0); 2) TMR containing 10% FGW (W10); 3) TMR containing 20% FGW (W20); and 4) TMR containing 10% BP as a replacement for 10% ground corn (BP10). The SARA induction protocol reduced the mean ruminal pH from 6.37 to 5.94, and the minimum ruminal pH decreased from 5.99 to 5.41 from baseline to challenge period. Mean ruminal pH increased from 5.94 to 6.05, and minimum daily ruminal pH increased from 5.41 to 5.63, when BP was substituted for corn. The apparent digestibility of nutrients was not affected by the dietary treatments, except that the digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) was reduced in cows fed the W20 diet compared with cows fed the W0 and W10 diets, and cows fed the BP10 diet had higher NDF and ADF digestibility than the cows fed the W20 diet. Cows fed the W20 diet had a lower plasma concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), cholesterol, triglyceride, and total antioxidative capacity (TAC), and a higher plasma concentration of glucose, insulin, malonaldehyde (MDA), super oxygen dehydrogenises (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) than cows fed the W0 diet. Substitution of BP for corn increased concentrations of plasma BHBA and TAC, but decreased concentrations of plasma MDA. Our results indicate that reduction of fibre digestion; the concomitant increase of plasma glucose and insulin; the decrease of plasma BHBA, NEFA, cholesterol, and triglyceride; and changes of plasma oxidative stress parameters are highly related to SARA induced by W20 diets. These variables may be alternative candidates for SARA diagnosis. We also suggest that the substitution of BP for corn could reduce the risk of SARA, increase fibre digestion, and improve the antioxidant status in dairy cows.
Bumblebee visual search for multiple learned target types
Authors: Nityananda Vivek , Pattrick Jonathan G.
Published: August 2013

Visual search is well studied in human psychology, but we know comparatively little about similar capacities in non-human animals. It is sometimes assumed that animal visual search is restricted to a single target at a time. In bees, for example, this limitation has been evoked to explain flower constancy, the tendency of bees to specialize on a single flower type. Few studies however, have investigated bee visual search for multiple target types after extended learning and controlling for prior visual experience. We trained colour-naive bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) extensively in separate discrimination tasks to recognise two rewarding colours in interspersed block training sessions. We then tested them with both colours simultaneously in the presence of distracting colours to examine whether and how quickly they were able to switch between the target colours. We found that bees switched between visual targets quickly and often. The median time taken to switch between targets was shorter than known estimates of how long traces last in bees' working memory suggesting that their capacity to recall more than one learned target was not restricted by working memory limitations. Following our results, we propose a model of memory and learning that integrates our findings with previous studies investigating flower constancy.
Frog nuptial pads secrete mating season-specific proteins related to salamander pheromones
Authors: Willaert Bert , Bossuyt Franky , Janssenswillen Sunita , Adriaens Dominique , Baggerman Geert , Matthijs Severine , Pauwels Elin , Proost Paul , Raepsaet Arent , Schoofs Liliane , Stegen Gwij , Treer Dag , Van Hoorebeke Luc , Vandebergh Wim , Van Bocxlaer Ines
Published: August 2013

Males of many frog species develop spiny nuptial pads with underlying glands on their thumbs during the mating period. We used 3D visualisation on the European common frog Rana temporaria to show that these glands' morphology allows the channeling of secreted molecules to the pad's surface during amplexus. Combined transcriptome and proteome analyses show that proteins of the Ly-6/uPAR family, here termed amplexins, are highly expressed in the nuptial glands during the mating season, but are totally absent outside that period. The function of amplexins remains unknown, but it is interesting to note that they share structural similarities with Plethodontid Modulating Factors, proteins that influence courtship duration in salamanders.
Rats maintain a binocular field centered on the horizon
Authors: Meister Markus , Cox David
Published: August 2013

In this letter, we attempt to correct a potentially serious misperception arising from the paper “Rats maintain an overhead binocular field at the expense of constant fusion”. While the authors repeatedly emphasize that the animal’s binocular field is overhead, the authors’ own data show that the truth is quite different, even orthogonal: the binocular field is in fact centered dead-ahead in front of the animal, tapering to a sliver both above and below the animal.  We predict that this paper will be widely cited for something that it does not demonstrate, a concern that is borne out by the paper’s earliest citation.
Geometrically nonlinear calculation of trailing rod designs. Part 2. Matrix calculation of trailing systems
Authors: Свентиков Андрей
Published: August 2013

Is treated geometrically nonlinear matrix calculation of core construction with the use of flexible threads. The second part of the article is devoted to the study of matrix algorithms nonlinear calculation of hanging systems. For the geometrically nonlinear calculation was applied the method of elastic solutions, and for the constructive nonlinear basis of the method of successive approximations. The proposed methods have been tested on the well-known plane examples of the calculation, as well as on the example of study of the spatial hanging rod cover. The results found on the proposed methods have shown good agreement with the corresponding data of other authors. Also it is established that the greatest imbalance nodes in the cantilevered system is observed in the nodes of a fle­xible bearing thread, as well as in the nodes of the greatest intensity of the load.
La "traductibilité" des noms propres dans le cadre du bilinguisme gréco-latin
Authors: Biville Frédérique
Published: August 2013

Proper names are specific to the civilisation and to the language in which they occur. The 'translation' of a proper name involves in the first place establishing the identity of its referent This identification is conditioned by the degree of familiarity with the proper name in question and by the cultural and linguistic level of the speakers and hearers who use it. It is often based on a presentation strategy which has recourse to characterising expansion and metalinguistic paraphrase. The translation of a proper name also involves a confrontation with the structures of the target language into which it can be assimilated to differing degrees. In most cases proper nouns become loanwords, but it can also happen that they are translated, that is to say replaced by lexical equivalents, of a greater or lesser degree of complexity, which already exist in the language or which are invented, often maladroitly, for that specific purpose. These translations display a concern to explain rather than to name the foreign object. They reveal differences in status between different onomastic categories and lead to a consideration of the controversial question of the 'meaning' of proper names*.
La (dés)-intensification dans les adjectifs latins : les morphèmes de degré
Authors: Fruyt Michèle
Published: August 2013

Latin gradable adjectives can be modified by prefixes and suffixes which can be intensifies or disintensi fiers. They have the semantic particularity of showing the notion of a scalar progression, a subcategory of quantification. They could be called scalar morphemes. The intensification may be either towards a high or a low degree of realisation of the notion. We study here three productive scalar morphemes :
Quasi and tamquam — Some Developments in Imperial Latin
Authors: Karlsen Espen
Published: August 2013

This paper takes as a starting point the idiomatical use of
Modality's semantic maps. An investigation of some Latin modal forms
Authors: Magni Elisabetta
Published: August 2013

In the recent literature on grammaticalization we find that, since modal meanings arise from a restricted set of semantic sources (i.e. lexical items that refer explicitly to concepts related to possibility, necessity, etc.), cross-linguistically similar paths for the evolution of grammatical markers are predictable, and multiple uses of forms can be viewed as points on grammaticalization chains. The purpose of this investigation, which takes into account the data provided by extensive typological research and the theoretical framework offered by Role and Reference Grammar, is to test these findings and predictions about universal modal paths. Starting from the analysis of the modal forms
The sigmatic subjunctive in Plautus and Terence
Authors: Cirilo de Melo Wolfgang David
Published: August 2013

Compared to the 'regular' subjunctives, the sigmatic ones (types
Indefinite pronouns in conditional clauses
Authors: Bertocchi Alessandra , Maraldi Mirka
Published: August 2013

This paper starts from the consideration that, when an indefinite pronoun is found in a Latin conditional clause, it is
Interférences fonctionnelles entre relatives, complétives et circonstancielles
Authors: Bodelot Colette
Published: August 2013

The aim of this paper is to analyze whether, besides the basic functions traditionally ascribed to the three fundamental types of subordinate clauses in Latin, each of these subclasses cannot occasionally present functions characteristic of both other classes. Without any pretension to exhaustiveness, we will show by a sample of examples, gleaned from ancient, classical and Silver-Latin, that the subordinate clauses introduced by synchronically non-ambiguous forms of relative pronouns or circumstantial conjunctions can be functionally polyvalent, whereas clear-cut substantive clauses seem to be regularly confined to one specific functional domain. Various syntactic and semantic factors, considered both from a diachronic and synchronic perspective, prove operative to explain such differences of functional behavior.
La diptongación de /e/ y /o/ breves latinas en territorio hispano
Authors: Leal Alfonso García
Published: August 2013

After questioning the examples of inscriptions in the Roman period which have been adduced in favour of
Anaphore et coordination dans les textes latins tardifs
Authors: Kiss Sändor
Published: August 2013

The aim of the paper is to describe types of anaphoric relations that hold between sentences in Latin, and to discover diachronic shifts that could happen in the use of these types. Anaphora can be realized by pronominal chains or by lexical repetitions; some connecting elements, especially conjunctions of coordination also function anaphorically in the text Often this type of binding is optional, and it insists on spatial and temporal frames of the events related. Lexical means become more frequent in Late Latin, and optional connection appears also more often. These phenomena can be evaluated as stylistic deviations, but it is probable that they are related to deep syntactic modification of postclassical Latin. Documentation is taken from classical and post-classical authors and from the Bible.
Vers la construction de mondes possibles en latin: la non-actualisation
Authors: Orlandini Anna
Published: August 2013

Modem languages may generate possible worlds by means of conditional mood: in what follows we analyse how the Latin language can obviate the lack of this mood. We shall consider the not-actualisation by epistemic modifiers which operate on factuality, as the potential. When the Speaker wants to point out the lowest degree of actualisation, the perfect subjunctive is used to kindly mitigate an assertion or to emphasize “le caractère invraisemblable ou excessif” (H. Vairel 1980: 130). We shall analyse also the "untrue conditionals" which introduce not-conditioned probable worlds and the idea of not-actualisation, rejecting the predication into the "anti-universe of the Speaker^ (R. Martin 1983).
A propos de ‘uerbum primo loco’: essai de synthèse
Authors: Spevak Olga
Published: August 2013

Siunmary

The V(erb)-S(ubject) order in Latin is traditionally considered as 'deviant' or 'abnormal'. However, VS ordering is due to various pragmatic functions. An analysis from a functional point of view shows that we can speak about 'emphatic' verb only if it carries the function of focus (contrastive, verumfocus...). Moreover, a sample of texts from the classical period shows that the verb occupies normally the initial position in the clause when the sentence serves to introduce a Future Topic, a new entity that will be further developed in the subsequent sentence. Introducing a Future Topic concerns especially existential and locative sentences containing the verb
An analysis of causality in the narrationes of Cicero's Pro Archia, Pro Milone and Pro Rege Deiotaro: causal relations and point of view
Authors: Gils Lidewij van
Published: August 2013

The aim of this study is to investigate argumentative elements in the
Temps verbaux et spéificité stylistiques chez les historiens latins: sur les méthodes d’analyse statistique d’un corpus lemmatisé
Authors: Longrée Dominique
Published: August 2013

The study of tense variation in Latin texts can be renewed by using new devices, such as the lemmatized LASLA files and the Estela and Hyperbase programs (CNRS - UMR 6039 “Bases, Corpus et Langage”). Tense variation can therefore be related more precisely to various factors: writer, time period or literary genre. This will be exemplified by studying a corpus of classical historical texts, from Caesar to Suetonius. This paper will especially investigate the relations between tense variation and text sub-types, i.e. annalistic history, biography, military commentaries...
Especialistas em 'bem morrer': causa mortis, rituais e hierarquias em um mosteiro do Rio de Janeiro colonial
Authors: Souza Jorge Victor de Araujo
Published: August 2013

Instalados na América portuguesa desde o final do século XVI, os monges beneditinos tinham como lema ter a morte sempre à vista. Neste artigo, são apresentados os diversos desdobramentos em torno da morte em um mosteiro no Rio de Janeiro setecentista. Com ênfase nas atuações performáticas, e fazendo uso de documentação depositada no próprio mosteiro, são analisadas as hierarquizações envolvidas, as formas de representação do tema e a sociabilidade gerada nas ocasiões de sepultamentos. Com enfoque nas relações estabelecidas, incluindo as reciprocidades inventadas e reinventadas ao longo dos rituais, demonstra-se que tais ocasiões forneciam subsídios para a distinção dos eclesiásticos em uma sociedade regida, em parte, por lógicas do Antigo Regime.
Politicas de saude mental em Santa Catarina nos anos 1970: vanguarda na psiquiatria brasileira?
Authors: Schneider Daniela Ribeiro , Budde Cristiane , Flores Karla Castillo , Pereira Rafael , Torres Eliane Regina Ternes
Published: August 2013

Discute as mudanças na assistência psiquiátrica, ressaltando o contexto social e econômico, entre 1971 e 1975, em Santa Catarina. Orientado por técnicos da Organização Pan-americana de Saúde, o governo estadual desenvolveu política de saúde mental com base nas experiências norte-americanas da psiquiatria preventiva e comunitária do governo Kennedy (1961-1963), alinhadas com as diretrizes da Divisão Nacional de Previdência Social, no Brasil. Fruto de pesquisa qualitativa, com entrevistas com profissionais envolvidos na construção dessas iniciativas nos anos 1970, o artigo discute o cenário dos antecedentes da reforma psiquiátrica dos anos 1980 e 1990 no Brasil e reflete sobre o papel histórico dessas iniciativas em Santa Catarina.
História da genética no Brasil: um olhar a partir do Museu da Genética da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Souza Vanderlei Sebastiao de , Dornelles Rodrigo Ciconet , Coimbra Junior Carlos E.A. , Santos Ricardo Ventura
Published: August 2013

Aborda o contexto de criação do Museu da Genética, em 2011 no Departamento de Genética na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, em Porto Alegre, e apresenta sua estrutura e conteúdo. Argumenta-se que os materiais disponibilizados no Museu da Genética constituem uma rica fonte para pesquisas sobre a história da genética no Brasil (e da genética de populações humanas em particular) a partir da segunda metade do século XX, tema ainda pouco investigado, apesar da proeminência dessa área do conhecimento no Brasil.
Uma nosologia para os fenômenos sobrenaturais e a construção do cérebro 'possuído' no século XIX
Authors: Goncalves Valeria Portugal , Ortega Francisco
Published: August 2013

Fenômenos sobrenaturais como os chamados transe e possessão espiritual recebem, no final do século XX, codificação científica, integrando os diagnósticos da psiquiatria hegemônica. No final do século XIX, observamos a apropriação científica de fenômenos considerados originários da superstição ou imaginação popular. Neste trabalho, demonstramos como o transe e a possessão espiritual foram estudados por Franz Anton Mesmer e seus discípulos ao desenvolver o conceito de magnetismo; por James Braid no processo de criação da teoria da hipnose; e por Jean Martin Charcot, marcando a entrada da histeria para as classificações nosológicas. Apesar das diferenças entre essas escolas, identificamos a utilização do cérebro e de metáforas cerebralistas como alicerce das teorias sobre a mente.
Installation and control technology of the Haihe movable bridge, China
Authors: Huang Ling , Shang YanLiang , Zhang Hao
Published: August 2013

The Tianjin Haihe movable bridge in China has the largest span among similar bridges in Asia. Owing to the dual characteristics of being both a bridge and heavy machinery with mechanical, hydraulic, electric and intelligent control devices, the construction of its steel box girder requires appropriate installation and control technology. Because of the stringent on-site navigation restrictions and blockage conditions, as well as mechanical characteristics during construction, a semi-supported cantilever installation and erection scheme is proposed, in which a bridge-erecting machine, temporary steel pipe support, bridge cantilever construction and other traditional methods are used in combination. Unlike traditional bridge closure technologies, new alignment closure and central locking closure control technologies are employed. The latter requires that the locking device be precisely assembled and adjusted to be horizontal for the suitable operation of the central locking equipment. The execution of this construction practice shows that the technology is feasible and effective.