bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The momentum of a transverse wave
Authors: Stehle P.
Published: March 2005

The mechanism by which a traveling transverse wave in a string stores momentum and transports energy is studied. The existence of longitudinal waves with much higher propagation speed is shown to be essential.
The precession of simple pendulum orbits
Authors: Livesey D. L.
Published: March 2005

The motion of a simple pendulum in nearly elliptical orbits is studied to determine the direction of precession due to various effects. With a pendulum of small angle, an extra magnetic attraction toward the center of force causes forward precession, whereas a magnetic repulsion causes retrograde motion; both these effects are described by a simple mathematical model. A pendulum with a larger angle of swing undergoes marked forward precession and this effect can be calculated to second order in the angle of swing. By contrast, a two-dimensional motion with an extra perturbation designed to simulate the effects of a large angle of swing yields a small retrograde effect.
A note on velocity modulation
Authors: Lonngren Karl E.
Published: March 2005

Velocity modulation of an electron beam, which is the underlying physical phenomena for various microwave tubes such as klystrons and magnetrons, is interpreted in terms of a water bag model which has its origin in plasma physics. Using this technique, it is possible to estimate the expected amplitude for a velocity-modulated electron beam.
The human body’s response to glucose and three physical models
Authors: Ruiz Michael J.
Published: March 2005

Three physical models of the human body’s response to a glucose challenge are presented from the medical literature. Glucose tolerance is evaluated using kinematical techniques, an exponential-decay analysis, and a damped harmonic-oscillator model. Each treatment contains material suitable as supplementary topics in physics courses, both introductory and intermediate.
Using videotapes to study underdamped motion of a pendulum: A laboratory project
Authors: Greenwood Margaret Stautberg
Published: March 2005

Using a video camera with a stopwatch feature and a VCR enabled my class to study the effects of air resistance acting on the following pendulum bobs: Ping-Pong ball, styrofoam spheres, and a brass sphere. We measured the maximum return angle on each swing for a pendulum (L=1 m) released from an angle of 70°. The students wrote a computer program to analyze the data, assuming that the force of air resistance equals cr2v2, where c=0.87 kg/m3. We found that c was larger than this and extracted the force of air resistance acting on the string. As part of the lab project, we also measured the period and position-versus-time when a pendulum with a brass bob was released at a large angle.
Multiple scattering of light and some of its observable consequences
Authors: Bohren Craig F.
Published: March 2005

Many common observations are inexplicable by single-scattering arguments: the variation of brightness and color of the clear sky; the brightness of clouds; the whiteness of a glass of milk; the appearance of distant objects; the blueness of light transmitted in snow and other natural ice bodies; the darkening of sand upon wetting. Yet multiple scattering is seldom mentioned in optics textbooks. It is possible to understand many observable phenomena without invoking the complete theory of multiple (incoherent) scattering. A simple two-stream theory, in which photons are constrained to be scattered in only two directions, forward and backward, is adequate for interpreting many observations, even quantitatively, and it paves the way for advanced study.
The microcomputer in the undergraduate physics laboratory—System, hardware, student reaction, evaluation
Authors: Karcher T. , Burch T. J. , Ruddick James J. , Backman J. , Caravella J.
Published: March 2005

A system of ten computers has been used for 2 yr in a general physics laboratory. This article lists the experiments in which standard laboratory equipment is replaced by on-line use of the computers. The durability of the computers and student reaction to the system are evaluated. In addition, hardware, software, and books found helpful in setting up and running the system are described.
On the electromagnetic wave omnidirectional interference phenomena
Authors: Hoh Yan-Shek
Published: March 2005

This paper examines the apparent ‘‘gained’’ and ‘‘missed’’ energy associated with the omnidirectional constructive and destructive interferences of electromagnetic wave radiated from two closely spaced sources. While widespread misconceptions concerning the phenomena, as reflected in semipopular science writing, have been partially corrected in a recent article employing qualitative arguments, no rigorous treatments of the problem have been available. This article presents a theoretical analysis of the problem and concludes that the phenomena are attributable to the effect of mutual coupling between the sources.
A conceptual approach to teaching kinematics
Authors: Rosenquist Mark L. , McDermott Lillian C.
Published: March 2005

Results from research on student understanding of velocity and acceleration have been used to guide the development of a conceptual approach to teaching kinematics. This paper describes how instruction based on the observation of actual motions can help students: (1) develop a qualitative understanding of velocity as a continuously varying quantity, of instantaneous velocity as a limit, and of uniform acceleration as the ratio of the change in instantaneous velocity to the elapsed time; (2) distinguish the concepts of position, velocity, change of velocity, and acceleration from one another; and (3) make connections among the various kinematical concepts, their graphical representations, and the motions of real objects. Instructional strategies designed to address specific difficulties identified in the investigation are illustrated by example.
Band structure of a periodic potential with two wells and two barriers per period
Authors: Jiang H. X. , Lin J. Y.
Published: March 2005

The energy bands of electrons in a one-dimensional periodic potential consisting of two different rectangular barriers and wells per period are calculated. The variation of the energy band structure as a function of the size of the wells in each period is presented. The results can be used to obtain the energy scheme of a superlattice with the layer structure of this model. The method used can be applied to solve for the band structure of an electron in a periodic potential consisting of multiple barriers per period.
An investigation of the magnetic field in the plane of a circular current loop
Authors: Gnanatilaka H. G. , Fernando P. C. B.
Published: March 2005

The earliest experiment a student performs when studying electromagnetism is the magnetic field at the center of a flat circular coil carrying an electric current. Later he may study the field at points along the axis of the coil. This paper deals essentially with the measurement of the magnetic field at points along a diameter of the coil, which is not generally attempted. The paper focuses on the usefulness of this laboratory exercise from the standpoints of pedagogy and practical application.
A flexible nuclear counter for an introductory physics laboratory
Authors: Debevec P. T.
Published: March 2005

A flexible counter using Geiger–Muller tubes, appropriate for use in an introductory physics laboratory, is described. The counter has the feature that counts registered in consecutive intervals are easily determined. An experiment that uses this feature is described.
The gravitational Poynting vector and energy transfer
Authors: Krumm Peter , Bedford Donald
Published: March 2005

We define, in analogy to electrodynamics, the gravitational Poynting vector and show that it provides a mechanism for the transfer of gravitational energy to a system of falling objects.
Longitudinal spherical aberration of a thick lens
Authors: Mak Se-yuen
Published: March 2005

An expression for the longitudinal spherical aberration produced by a spherical refracting surface from parallel incident light in the fifth-order approximation is derived. A simple experiment to measure the location of focal points formed by nonparaxial rays is also described. The results of the measurements are in good agreement with the theory.
Introduction to the study of rolling friction
Authors: Doménech A. , Doménech T. , Cebrián J.
Published: March 2005

The introduction to rolling friction is studied in relation to the height that a ball attains rolling up an inclined track after rolling down a given height along another inclined track opposite from the first. The expressions obtained for a ball rolling down a rectangular inclined track and along a horizontal track are applied to the study of the distance run along two opposed inclined tracks. Different procedures are proposed to determine the coefficient of rolling friction of the ball with the track. The values calculated from the experimental data suggest their dependence with the ball radius.
Eigenvalues of a nonuniform string
Authors: Crawford Frank S.
Published: March 2005

A modified WKB approximation is used to calculate the eigenvalues for the transverse modes of a nonuniform strength. (AIP)
Electromagnetically driven resonance apparatus
Authors: Ouseph P. J. , Ouseph John P.
Published: March 2005

A versatile simple harmonic oscillator suitable for studying free and forced oscillations and the effect of damping at and near the resonant frequency is described. The oscillator consists of a spring and a magnet attached to it, one pole of which is in a tube wound with several coils. One of the coils provides information about the oscillation in that the induced voltage in this coil is proportional to the velocity of the magnet. Forced oscillations are studied by connecting a function generator of variable frequency and amplitude to one of the coils. The remaining coils are used to introduce damping forces of variable magnitude that are proportional to the velocity.
A sound reflection laboratory model
Authors: Young Charles T.
Published: March 2005

The apparatus described is a model of a reflection seismic prospecting system. The observations and computations are the same as those made on commercial field records in the days before computerized data acquisition. The apparatus is used in a course in reflection seismology; others may find it useful in a physics class required for geology majors or in any class covering principles of acoustics.
About liquids
Authors: Bernstein Herbert J. , Weisskopf Victor F.
Published: March 2005

On the basis of a simplified depiction of liquids, solids, and gases, a qualitative discussion is presented of certain properties of liquids with spherically symmetric atoms: their melting and boiling heats and the corresponding temperatures, their coefficients of viscosity and self-diffusion. Results are compared with data for neon, argon, sodium, aluminum, copper, silver, and mercury. Water is also included for order-of-magnitude comparison, although its molecules are not spherically symmetric and internal degrees of freedom cannot be neglected.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Sps1p Regulates Trafficking of Enzymes Required for Spore Wall Synthesis
Authors: Iwamoto Michelle A. , Fairclough Stephen R. , Rudge Simon A. , Engebrecht JoAnne
Published: March 2005

SPS1
encodes a sporulation-specific protein with homology to the Ste20/p21-activated kinase family. Deletion of
SPS1
impinges on the formation of the spore wall, which surrounds each of the haploid nuclei generated by the meiotic divisions. Here, we demonstrate that the new internal membranes that surround the meiotic nuclei appear normal in the absence of Sps1p. Analyses of spore wall layers by immunohistochemistry suggest that the inner layers are not efficiently deposited. The defect in spore wall morphogenesis is most likely a consequence of mislocalization of enzymes required for the synthesis of the spore wall layers as both Chs3p, the major chitin synthase in yeast, and Gsc2/Fks2p, a glucan synthase transcriptionally upregulated during sporulation, fail to reach the prospore membrane in the
sps1
mutant. Furthermore, localization of Chs3p to the prospore membrane is not dependent on Shc1p, a sporulation-specific homolog of Chs4p, which is required for recruitment of Chs3p to the bud neck in vegetative cells. Sps1p colocalized with Chs3p to peripheral and internal punctate structures and prospore membranes. We propose that Sps1p promotes sporulation, in part, by regulating the intracellular movement of proteins required for spore wall formation.
Diversifying Carotenoid Biosynthetic Pathways by Directed Evolution
Authors: Umeno Daisuke , Tobias Alexander V. , Arnold Frances H.
Published: March 2005

Microorganisms and plants synthesize a diverse array of natural products, many of which have proven indispensable to human health and well-being. Although many thousands of these have been characterized, the space of possible natural products—those that could be made biosynthetically—remains largely unexplored. For decades, this space has largely been the domain of chemists, who have synthesized scores of natural product analogs and have found many with improved or novel functions. New natural products have also been made in recombinant organisms,
via
engineered biosynthetic pathways. Recently, methods inspired by natural evolution have begun to be applied to the search for new natural products. These methods force pathways to evolve in convenient laboratory organisms, where the products of new pathways can be identified and characterized in high-throughput screening programs. Carotenoid biosynthetic pathways have served as a convenient experimental system with which to demonstrate these ideas. Researchers have mixed, matched, and mutated carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes and screened libraries of these “evolved” pathways for the emergence of new carotenoid products. This has led to dozens of new pathway products not previously known to be made by the assembled enzymes. These new products include whole families of carotenoids built from backbones not found in nature. This review details the strategies and specific methods that have been employed to generate new carotenoid biosynthetic pathways in the laboratory. The potential application of laboratory evolution to other biosynthetic pathways is also discussed.
Regulation of therapeutic apoptosis: a potential target in controlling hypertensive organ damage
Authors: deBlois Denis , Tea Bun-Seng , Beaudry Diane , Hamet Pavel
Published: March 2005

Cell growth and survival are potential therapeutic targets for the control of complications associated with hypertension. In most cardiovascular disorders, cardiac fibroblasts and large-vessel smooth muscle cells can replicate and thus contribute to the disease. We propose that cardiovascular hyperplasia may be reversed via therapeutic apoptosis induction with drugs that are safe and already used in the clinic. We first reported that, irrespective of the drug class, those drugs that are able to induce regression of cardiovascular hypertrophy are also able to reverse cardiovascular hyperplasia via apoptosis. Drugs active in this regard include inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system, calcium channel blockers, and beta-blockers. Moreover, the effects of these drugs on cell survival is not merely secondary to blood pressure reduction. Therapeutic apoptosis in the cardiovascular system of the spontaneously hypertensive rat is characterized by a rapid and transient onset following initiation of antihypertensive treatment. Herein, the induction and termination of therapeutic apoptosis during drug treatment of hypertension will be briefly reviewed and supported by novel data suggesting that reversal of cardiovascular hyperplasia is associated with reduced cell growth and a resistance to further induction of therapeutic apoptosis, as shown in spontaneously hypertensive rats receiving an intermittent regime of nifedipine therapy. We propose that the presence of a cell subpopulation with defective cell cycle regulation may determine organ susceptibility to undergo therapeutic apoptosis.Key words: apoptosis, hypertension, hyperplasia, growth, nifedipine.
Role of the actin cytoskeleton in angiotensin II signaling in human vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Touyz Rhian M , Yao Guoying , Schiffrin Ernesto L
Published: March 2005

Angiotensin II (Ang II) regulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) function by activating signaling cascades that promote vasoconstriction, growth, and inflammation. Subcellular mechanisms coordinating these processes are unclear. In the present study, we questioned the role of the actin cytoskeleton in Ang II mediated signaling through mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in VSMCs. Human VSMCs were studied. Cells were exposed to Ang II (10–7 mol/L) in the absence and presence of cytochalasin B (10–6 mol/L, 60 min), which disrupts the actin cytoskeleton. Phosphorylation of p38MAP kinase, JNK, and ERK1/2 was assessed by immuno blotting. ROS generation was measured using the fluoroprobe chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (4 µmol/L). Interaction between the cytoskeleton and NADPH oxidase was determined by evaluating the presence of p47phox in the Triton X-100 insoluble membrane fraction. Ang II significantly increased phosphorylation of p38MAP kinase, JNK, and ERK1/2 (two- to threefold above control, p < 0.05). Cytochalasin B pretreatment attenuated p38MAP kinase and JNK effects (p < 0.05) without altering ERK1/2 phosphorylation. ROS formation, which was increased in Ang II stimulated cells, was significantly reduced by cytochalasin B (p < 0.01). p47phox, critically involved in NADPH oxidase activation, colocalized with the actin cytoskeleton in Ang II stimulated cells. Our data demonstrate that Ang II mediated ROS formation and activation of p38MAP kinase and JNK, but not ERK1/2, involves the actin cytoskeleton in VSMCs. In addition, Ang II promotes interaction between actin and p47phox. These data indicate that the cytoskeleton is involved in differential MAP kinase signaling and ROS generation by Ang II in VSMCs. Together, these studies suggest that the cytoskeleton may be a central point of crosstalk in growth- and redox-signaling pathways by Ang II, which may be important in the regulation of VSMC function.Key words: superoxide, NADPH oxidase, p38MAP kinase, JNK, ERK1/2.
A linear numerical scheme for nonlinear BSDEs with uniformlycontinuous coefficients
Authors: Fard Omid. S. , Kamyad Ali V.
Published: March 2005

We attempt to present a new numerical approach to solve nonlinear
backward stochastic differential equations. First, we present some
definitions and theorems to obtain the condition,
from which we can approximate the nonlinear term of the backward
stochastic differential equation (BSDE) and we get a continuous
piecewise linear BSDE corresponding to the original
BSDE. We use the relationship between backward stochastic
differential equations and stochastic controls by interpreting
BSDEs as some stochastic optimal control problems to solve
the approximated BSDE and we prove that the approximated solution
converges to the exact solution of the original nonlinear BSDE.
State formation and cultural complex in western Himalaya: Chamba genealogy and epigraphs—700-1650 C.E.
Authors: Sharma Mahesh
Published: March 2005

This article explores an interface between the cultural complex and state formation in Chamba, emphasising a continuous process of change and transition, forging vertical linkages with the north Indian polity and religious processes that mutated significantly over the long-dur»e. Such linkages were replicated in peripheries as well, which connected them vertically with the nucleus and horizontally with competing segments. Such correlation not only influenced the socio-economic and political structures, but also the normative system through which the society and state viewed itself. The duality of state-society perception sustained alternative sectarian space and symbols that ‘shaped’ and in turn ‘were shaped’, in as much to seek legitimisation as to create a consent for rule over a period of time. That the state crystallised the graded social-cultural identity around religious symbols (text, temple and ritual), kingship and language is critical in comprehending the relationship between the state process and the cultural complex.
The Concept and Practice of Conflict Prevention
Authors: John Moolakkattu Stephen
Published: March 2005

The idea of conflict prevention, with its supposedly straightforward appeal remains complex and contested. The inter-texuality of globalization and the conflict prevention discourse as well as the embeddedness of both in a project of global governance make it a disciplinary tool presented in a format of humanitarianism. Globalization is an uncontested foundational entity in the discourse. The idea of prevention often carries with it a mark of hegemony of the dominant powers who dictate as to what is a preventable conflict, when prevention should take place and what mode is appropriate in a particular circumstance. Conflict prevention should reflect the perspectives of not just the elites and global players. A theoretical and practical exposition on conflict prevention could better rely on those concerns, instead of relying on a supposedly neutral language of strategic choice. Otherwise the predictive exercises, indicators, early warnings and the whole repertoire of tools associated with the discourse on conflict prevention would be quite vacuous.
Untouchability, Dalit consciousness, and the Ad Dharm movement in Punjab
Authors: Ram Ronki
Published: March 2005

Recent Dalit assertion in Punjab ought to be traced back to the Ad Dharm movement of the 1920s, which emerged along with several similar movements in a number of regions in India. The movement aimed at carving out a distinct identity for the untouchables, independent of the Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims. What made this movement particularly important was its purely low-caste character and the vehemence of its struggle against the structures of social domination. The only movement of its kind in the Northwestern region of the country, Ad Dharm aimed at securing a separate and respectable space for the Scheduled Castes through cultural transformation, spiritual regeneration and political assertion, rather than seeking equality within the Hindu fold. Curiously, this movement, which laid the foundations of Dalit consciousness in Punjab, has failed to gain serious scholarly attention, Mark Juergensmeyer’s pioneering work being the only exception.
Conjugating marriage: State legislation and Gaddi kinship
Authors: Kapila Kriti
Published: March 2005

This article challenges Anthony Giddens’ thesis that, with modernity, sexuality, marriage and romantic love become progressively disconnected. It investigates the relationship between the legal codification of marriage undertaken by the state and subsequent shifts in ideals of conjugality amongst the Gaddis of Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, using ethno-graphic and legal sources. It examines changes in marriage forms and marriage pre-stations and analyses the relationship between legal processes and local ideals.
Rigidity and the Affliction of Capitalist Property: Colonial Land Revenue and the Recasting of Nature
Authors: D'Souza Rohan
Published: March 2005

This article will argue that colonial rule had to simultaneously alter both agrarian society and Nature in order to implant the Company zamindari system in deltaic Orissa. This led the colonial government to recast the previously flood-dependent agrarian regime into a flood-vulnerable landscape. Which in turn, I argue, led to the rupture of land, in hitherto unprecedented ways, from its previous ecological weave with the deltaÌs hydrology. In effect, colonial rule could enforce its distinctness as a social and economic relation only by correspondingly instituting a new ecological context. Central to the colonial revenue strategy was the attempt to institute capitalist private property, which compelled them to treat land as an economic form, a rent-seeking alienable commodity and as a monopolized means of production. This sharp departure from the previous revenue practices in the region furthermore caused them to adopt formal and rigid administrative routines for enforcing a standardized rental instalment. Thus, the CompanyÌs taxing inflexibility was not spurred only by its rapacious Îrevenue hungerÌ but significantly because it was integral to realizing its particular mode of colonial appropriation.
Patterns of Prosocial Reasoning in Indian Children
Authors: Chadha Neerja , Misra Girishwar
Published: March 2005

Prosocial reasoning of 5to 13-year-old Indian children (N= 167), belonging to low/high socioeconomic strata, was investigated through individual interviews seeking responses to vignettes depicting prosocial dilemmas. Children’s prosocial reasoning was characterised primarily by concern for physical needs of others, hedonistic considerations, orientation to affectional relationship, stereotypes of a good/bad person or behaviour, and internalised norms and values orientation. With age, hedonistic and stereotypic reasoning decreased while orientation to others’ needs, mutual gain, and internalised norms/values increased. Prosocial reasoning of boys and girls did not differ significantly, though there were some SES differences. Distinctive responses reflecting some unique features of the Indian culture were also noted. The results are discussed in the context of sociocultural influences and the proximal environmental circumstances social living.
Women and Work in the Shadow of Globalisation
Authors: Mukherjee Mukul
Published: March 2005

Globalisation has ushered in complex patterns of socio-economic change the world over. While enhancing opportunities for some, it also appears to shrink opportunities for others, including disproportionately large segments of women from the weaker sections of society. The process must therefore be viewed as having implications and outcomes distinctly mediated by gender and this article seeks to discuss this with special reference to the situation in India. It shows that women usually bear a significantly high share of the costs of economic change and adjustment associated with globalisation and concludes that before they can take advantage of the newly emerging economic opportunities, women have to overcome the constraints they face in accessing credit, skills, markets and other necessary resources.
Beyond Culture
Authors: Maleuvre Didier
Published: March 2005

This article is an assessment of the moral problems that beset cultural relativism, that is, the belief that the nature of human existence and value is strictly dependent on, and therefore autonomously proper to, each particular culture. According to this view, the human experience never transcends its native ground. It is, hence, no use judging one form of the human experience against another since no universal non-local yardstick exists to measure them by. After exposing the flaws and contradictions inherent in this view, the author draws a picture of the consequences of upholding cultural relativism, particularly as it shapes the moral self-understanding of its followers in this instance and, for illustrative purpose, Richard Rorty. Finally, the article sketches an argument for a humanistic understanding of culture, a theory that allows us to hold that human existence does vary according to local and historical communities, and yet holds to a moral centre valid across all human culture.
Research Capacity Building for Development: From Old to New Assumptions
Authors: Velho Léa
Published: March 2005

This article departs from the idea that modalities of support from the North to research capacity development in the South rest upon particular assumptions concerning knowledge production and utilisation. It argues that most existing schemes tend to rely on assumptions that seem to be in need of revision, what helps to explain the low impact of North-South research partnerships on development. It illustrates the argument with an analysis of the Nicaragua-Sweden partnership with support from SAREC. It suggests new assumptions to be taken into account when designing modalities of support to research capacity building as follows: (a) the notion of innovation as a non-linear process involving different stakeholders and forms of knowledge; (b) the need for social relevance and accountability; and (c) the idea of self-determination and local ownership.
Indian Women Managers: Their Stresses, Health and Coping Behaviour—A Survey in Mumbai
Authors: Kaila H. L.
Published: March 2005

Working women compose a large proportion of the workforce today. Interestingly, the attitude of society towards working women is also rapidly changing. There is a definite difference between male and female managers as well as between women managers and women who are not working. For women to be working as manager is really a challenge to them in India. This paper discusses the responses of a qualitative survey on stress and health aspects of women managers, and how they cope with work challenges. The data for this survey was collected from 100 women managers using in-depth interviews in and out of Mumbai from diverse organisations.
Stress and Coping Profiles of IFS Officers: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Rishi Parul , Upadhyay Bal Krishna , Solanki Arpita
Published: March 2005

This study attempts to identify the different coping strategies forest officers use while facing multifarious role stressors. Thirty-four forest officers from Bhopal and surrounding areas were selected to participate in this study. Data was collected through personal visits to the residences of different officers during their free time. The study utilised the subjective, objective and projective (Role PICS) techniques as per their suitability for extracting different types of information. The results suggested that there was a positive and significant relationship between stress, avoidance strategies and type A personality. Forest officers having type A personality experienced more role stress and used more avoidance-based strategies to cope with it. Overall, 23.5 per cent of the sample was found to be experiencing high stress and ineffective coping. The officers found to be under stress were further asked to participate in the EMG biofeedback-induced relaxation training session.
Unfolding of a Holistic Vision of the World: Towards New Directions for Development of Management Thought
Authors: Sharma Subhash
Published: March 2005

Management thought has been largely rooted in the capitalistic vision of society. A correction in the capitalistic vision was introduced through the notion of ‘sustainable development’. Now the need to move towards a holistic development paradigm is being felt. In the holistic vision, spiritual and ethical concerns are given due considerations in addition to efficiency and equity. This vision could be referred to as the MS (Material-Spiritual) vision wherein an integral and integrative view of life is taken through an unfolding of the material and spiritual dimension of life. While the two views have been unfolding as independent paths, the need for their convergence is being felt to achieve a balance between ‘per capita income’ and ‘per capita happiness’. In the capitalistic vision, business organizations are viewed as ‘economic entities’. In contrast, the holistic vision considers business as ‘sacro-economic activity’ and organizations as ‘sacro-economic entities’. Thus, the holistic vision takes us in the direction of sacro-civic society and an ecoterian view of the world. The paper explores the historical unfolding of this vision through MS matrix. It also explores the implications of the holistic vision for the future development of management thought and suggests three fundamental equations of holistic development to convert this vision into reality.
Foreign Bank Presence, Domestic Bank Performance and Financial Development
Authors: Hermes Niels , Lensink Robert
Published: March 2005

This article analyses the relationship between foreign bank presence and the performance of the domestic banking sector and takes into account the role of the level of development of the financial sector of the recipient country. We use data of 982 banks in 48 countries for 1990-96. We find support for the hypothesis that financial development does matter. In particular, we show that foreign bank presence is associated with higher costs and margins of domestic banks at low levels of financial development while it is associated with falling costs and margins of domestic banks at higher levels of financial development.
Are Price Limits Priced? Evidence from the Taiwan Stock Exchange
Authors: Naughton Tony , Veeraraghavan Madhu
Published: March 2005

In this article, a multifactor asset pricing model incorporating a price limit factor is developed to explain the cross section of asset returns following closely the mimicking portfolio methodology of Fama and French (1996). Differing regulatory environments in the Asian region suggest that empirical studies consider the features of each market. Price limits on the daily movement of stock prices are common in the emerging markets of Asia; however, research on the sensitivity of asset prices to price limits has been lacking. Prior research suggests that price limits are a significant institutional feature of the Taiwan Stock Exchange and this market is used for empirical analysis. Our findings show that the overall market factor, firm size and price limits capture the cross section of average stock returns in a meaningful manner. However, caution is needed as the relationship between excess returns, firm size and price limits remains primarily at an empirical level. Opinion also remains divided as to whether explanatory factors in addition to the market are in fact a premium for risk, or are simply associated with firm characteristics.
A Multifactor Model of Exchange Rates with Unanticipated Shocks: Measuring Contagion in the East Asian Currency Crisis
Authors: Dungey Mardi , Martin Vance L.
Published: March 2005

A multifactor model of exchange rates is proposed which allows for both time-dependent common and idiosyncratic factors, as well as unanticipated shocks across currency markets. This latter feature of the model is exploited in the empirical application to measure the contribution of contagion to the volatilities of exchange rates during the East Asian currency crisis. The empirical results show evidence of significant contagion. The contribution of contagion is estimated at 9 per cent of total volatility for the Thai baht and 46 per cent for the South Korean won. Indonesia is found to be the most affected in terms of basis points.
Application Representations for Multiparadigm Performance Modeling of Large-Scale Parallel Scientific Codes
Authors: Adve Vikram , Sakellariou Rizos
Published: March 2005

Effective performance prediction for large parallel applications on very large-scale systems requires a comprehensive modeling approach that combines analytical models, simulation models, and measurement for different application and system components. This paper presents a common parallel program representation, designed to support such a comprehensive approach, with four design goals: (1) the representation must support a wide range of modeling techniques; (2) it must be automatically computable using parallelizing compiler technology, in order to minimize the need for user intervention; (3) it must be efficient and scalable enough to model teraflop-scale applications; and (4) it should be flexible enough to capture the performance impact of changes to the application, including changes to the parallelization strategy, communication, and scheduling. The representation we present is based on a combination of static and dynamic task graphs. It exploits recent compiler advances that make it possible to use concise, symbolic static graphs and to instantiate dynamic graphs. This representation has led to the development of a compiler-supported simulation approach that can simulate regular, message-passing programs on systems or problems 10 to 100 times larger than was possible with previous state-of-the-art simulation techniques.
Real-Time Performance Monitoring, Adaptive Control, and Interactive Steering of Computational Grids
Authors: Vetter Jeffrey S. , Reed Daniel A.
Published: March 2005

To support creation of nimble applications for computational grids, the authors believe one must eliminate the barrier that separates program creation from execution and post-mortem optimization. This paper outlines an approach to dynamic performance adaptation and distributed optimization in the grid environment based on a suite of performance instrumentation, analysis, and presentation tools that includes distributed performance sensors and resource policy actuators, fuzzy logic rule bases for adaptive control, and immersive visualization systems for real-time visualization and direct manipulation of software behavior.
Analyzing Market-Based Resource Allocation Strategies for the Computational Grid
Authors: Wolski Rich , Plank James S. , Brevik John , Bryan Todd
Published: March 2005

In this paper, the authors investigate G-commerce—computational economies for controlling resource allocation in computational Grid settings. They define hypothetical resource consumers (representing users and Grid-aware applications) and resource producers (representing resource owners who “sell” their resources to the Grid). The authors then measure the efficiency of resource allocation under two different market conditions—commodities markets and auctions—and compare both market strategies in terms of price stability, market equilibrium, consumer efficiency, and producer efficiency. The results indicate that commodities markets are a better choice for controlling Grid resources than previously defined auction strategies.
The Cactus Worm: Experiments with Dynamic Resource Discovery and Allocation in a Grid Environment
Authors: Allen Gabrielle , Angulo David , Foster Ian , Lanfermann Gerd , Liu Chuang , Radke Thomas , Seidel Ed , Shalf John
Published: March 2005

The ability to harness heterogeneous, dynamically available grid resources is attractive to typically resource-starved computational scientists and engineers, as in principle it can increase, by significant factors, the number of cycles that can be delivered to applications. However, new adaptive application structures and dynamic runtime system mechanisms are required if we are to operate effectively in grid environments. To explore some of these issues in a practical setting, the authors are developing an experimental framework, called Cactus, that incorporates both adaptive application structures for dealing with changing resource characteristics and adaptive resource selection mechanisms that allow applications to change their resource allocations (e.g., via migration) when performance falls outside specified limits. The authors describe the adaptive resource selection mechanisms and describe how they are used to achieve automatic application migration to “better” resources following performance degradation. The results provide insights into the architectural structures required to support adaptive resource selection. In addition, the authors suggest that the Cactus Worm affords many opportunities for grid computing.
PVODE, an ODE Solver for Parallel Computers
Authors: Byrne George D. , Hindmarsh Alan C.
Published: March 2005

PVODE is a general-purpose solver for ordinary differential equation (ODE) systems that implements methods for both stiff and nonstiff systems. The code is designed for single-program multiple-data environments. It is written in ANSI standard C, with a highly modular structure. The version being distributed uses the message-passing interface (MPI) system for communication. In the stiff case, PVODE uses a backward differentiation formula method combined with preconditioned GMRES iteration. Parallelism is achieved by distributing the ODE solution vector into user-specified segments and parallelizing a set of vector kernels accordingly. For PDE-based ODE systems, we provide a module that generates a band block-diagonal preconditioner for use with the GMRES iteration. We also provide a set of interfaces to accommodate Fortran applications. The paper includes a stiff example problem and test results on a Cray-T3D with three different message-passing systems. PVODE is publicly available.
A HEV-restricted sulfotransferase is expressed in rheumatoid arthritis synovium and is induced by lymphotoxin-α/β and TNF-α in cultured endothelial cells
Authors: Pablos José L , Santiago Begoña , Tsay Durwin , Singer Mark S , Palao Guillermo , Galindo María , Rosen Steven D
Published: March 2005

Background

The recruitment of lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid organs relies on interactions of circulating cells with high endothelial venules (HEV). HEV are exclusive to these organs under physiological conditions, but they can develop in chronically-inflamed tissues. The interaction of L-selectin on lymphocytes with sulfated glycoprotein ligands on HEV results in lymphocyte rolling, which represents the initial step in lymphocyte homing. HEV expression of GlcNAc6ST-2 (also known as HEC-GlcNAc6ST, GST-3, LSST or CHST4), an HEV-restricted sulfotransferase, is essential for the elaboration of L-selectin functional ligands as well as a critical epitope recognized by MECA-79 mAb.

Results

We examined the expression of GlcNAc6ST-2 in relationship to the MECA-79 epitope in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial vessels. Expression of GlcNAc6ST-2 was specific to RA synovial tissues as compared to osteoarthritis synovial tissues and localized to endothelial cells of HEV-like vessels and small flat-walled vessels. Double MECA-79 and GlcNAc6ST-2 staining showed colocalization of the MECA-79 epitope and GlcNAc6ST-2. We further found that both TNF-α and lymphotoxin-αβ induced GlcNAc6ST-2 mRNA and protein in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Conclusion

These observations demonstrate that GlcNAc6ST-2 is induced in RA vessels and provide potential cytokine pathways for its induction. GlcNAc6ST-2 is a novel marker of activated vessels within RA ectopic lymphoid aggregates. This enzyme represents a potential therapeutic target for RA.
Critical Update and Emerging Trends in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Targeting in Cancer
Authors: Baselga José , Arteaga Carlos L.
Published: March 2005

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase of the ErbB receptor family that is abnormally activated in many epithelial tumors. The aberrant activation of the EGFR leads to enhanced proliferation and other tumor-promoting activities, which provide a strong rationale to target this receptor family. There are two classes of anti-EGFR agents: monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed at the extracellular domain of the receptor and small molecule, adenosine triphosphate–competitive inhibitors of the receptor's tyrosine kinase. Anti-EGFR MAbs have shown antitumor activity in advanced colorectal carcinoma, squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and renal cell carcinomas. The tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have a partially different activity profile. They are active against NSCLC, and a specific EGFR inhibitor has shown improvement in survival. Recently, mutations and amplifications of the EGFR gene have been identified in NSCLC and predict for enhanced sensitivity to anti-EGFR TKIs. In addition to specific anti-EGFR TKIs, there are broader acting inhibitors such as dual EGFR HER-2 inhibitors and combined anti-pan-ErbB and antivascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors. Current research efforts are directed at selecting the optimal dose and schedule and identifying predictive factors of response and resistance beyond EGFR gene mutations and/or amplifications. Finally, there is a need for improved strategies to integrate anti-EGFR agents with conventional therapies and to explore combinations with other molecular targeted approaches including other antireceptor therapies, receptor-downstream signaling transduction inhibitors, and targeted approaches interfering with other essential drivers of cancer, such as angiogenesis.
Activity of three muscles associated with the uncinate processes of the giant Canada goose Branta canadensis maximus
Authors: Codd J. R. , Boggs D. F. , Perry S. F. , Carrier D. R.
Published: March 2005

The activity of three muscles associated with the uncinate processes, (i)external intercostal, (ii) appendicocostalis and (iii) external oblique, were examined using patch and sew-through electrodes during sitting, standing and moderate speed treadmill running in the giant Canada goose. The external intercostal muscles demonstrated no respiratory activity, being active only during running, suggesting they play some role in trunk stabilisation. The appendicocostalis and external oblique muscles are respiratory muscles, being active during inspiration and expiration, respectively. The activity of the appendicocostalis muscles increased during sitting, suggesting that the uncinate processes in birds play an important role in facilitating lateral flaring of the rib cage when sternal rocking is prevented. We suggest that the uncinate processes in birds facilitate movements of the ribs and sternum during breathing and therefore are integral to the breathing mechanics of birds.
Changes in serum inhibin B during normal male puberty
Authors: Radicioni A F , Anzuini A , De Marco E , Nofroni I , Castracane V D , Lenzi A
Published: March 2005

Objective: In adult men, inhibin B (InhB) regulates FSH secretion by a negative feedback. The aims of this study were to evaluate the changes of InhB during puberty in the male and the relationship between InhB and FSH, LH, testosterone and testicular volume.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: InhB was measured using a two-site ELISA in 100 healthy boys subdivided by their pubertal development according to Tanner into five groups of 20.

Results: During puberty we observed an increase of InhB level (G1 = 84.3 pg/ml, G3 = 132.2 pg/ml, G5 = 206.1 pg/ml). In G1, InhB correlated positively with FSH (P= 0.0001), LH (P= 0.005), testosterone (P= 0.001) and testicular volume (P= 0.007); in G5, InhB correlated inversely with FSH (P= 0.001) and LH (P= 0.045) and directly with testicular volume (P= 0.013). The multivariate analysis demonstrated that: in G1, FSH is the most important, and testosterone the second most significant, stimulus for InhB increase; in G2 only FSH has a positive effect on InhB variation; in G3 only mean testicular volume fits the model (G1–G3: InhB dependent variable); considering the FSH dependent variable, in G4, InhB is the most important stimulus for FSH decrease and mean testicular volume is a secondary directly proportional variable; in G5, only InhB shows a significant inverse relationship with FSH.

Conclusions: During puberty there is a regular increase of InhB. In the first phases of gonadal maturation, InhB and FSH correlate positively, while in mid–late stages the relationship is inverse. We found that in mid-puberty (G3–G4), the serum concentration of InhB increases, as its inverse relationship with FSH is being established and hence spermatogenesis.