bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Profiling of Hairy Root of Two Tibetan Medicinal Plants Przewalskia tangutica Maxim. and Anisodus tanguticus Maxim
Authors: Lei Tianxiang , Wang Huan , Li Songling , Cai Xiaojian , Chen Shilong , Cheng Tingfeng , Shen Jianwei , Shi Shengbo , Zhou Dangwei
Published: November 2019

Background:

Tropane Alkaloids (TAs) are important drugs for curing many diseases in the medical industry.

Methods:

To sustainably exploit TA resources in endangered traditional Tibetan herbs, the hairy root (HR) systems of Przewalskia tangutica Maxim. and Anisodus tanguticus Maxim. were compared under the same culture conditions.

Results:

The results indicated that both the Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains and explants affected the HR induction frequency, MSU440, A4 and LBA9402 strains could induce hairy roots following infection of cotyledon and hypocotyl of A. tanguticus while LBA9402 could not induce HR on either explants of P. tangutica. The efficiency of LBA9402 was higher than A4 and MSU440 on A. tanguticus and A4 was better strain than MSU440 on P. tangutica. The hypocotyl explant was more suitable for P.tangutica and cotyledon explant was better for A.tangutica with a transformation frequency of 33.3% (P. tangutica) and 82.5% (A. tanguticus), respectively. In a flask reactor system, both the growth curves of HR for two species both appeared to be “S” curve; however, the HR of P. tangutica grew more rapidly than that of A. tanguticus, and the latter accumulated more biomass than the former. As the culture volume increased, the HR proliferation coefficient of both the species increased. HPLC analysis results showed that the content of TAs in the HR of P. tangutica was 257.24mg/100g·DW, which was more than that of A. tanguticus HR (251.08mg/100g·DW), and the anisodamine in the Pt- HR was significantly higher than that in At-HR. Moreover, tropane alkaloids in the HR of the two species were all significantly higher than that of the roots of aseptic seedlings.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that HR of P. tangutica and A. tanguticus both could provide a useful platform for sustainable utilization of two Tibetan medicinal plants in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in the future.
Fastidious Anatomization of Biota Procured Compounds on Cancer Drug Discovery
Authors: Thirupathi Anand , Shanmugavadivelu Chandra M. , Natarajan Sampathkumar
Published: November 2019

Background:

Natural products are the rootstock for identifying new drugs since ancient times. In comparison with synthetic drugs, they have abounding beneficial effects in bestowing protection against many diseases, including cancer. Cancer has been observed as a major threat in recent decades, and its prevalence is expected to increase over the next decades. Also, current treatment methods in cancer therapy such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy cause severe adverse side effects among the cancer population. Therefore, it is exigent to find a remedy without any side effects.

Methods:

In recent years, research has focused on obtaining naturally derived products to encounter this complication. The current pace of investigations, such as gene identification and advancement in combinatorial chemistry, leads to the aberrant access to a wide range of new synthetic drugs. In fact, natural products act as templates in structure predictions and synthesis of new compounds with enhanced biological activities.

Results:

Recent developments in genomics have established the importance of polymorphism, which implies that patients require different drugs for their treatment. This demands the discovery of a large number of drugs, but limited sources restrict the pharmaceutical industry to overcome these major obstacles. The use of natural products and their semisynthetic and synthetic analogues could alleviate these problems. However, the lack of standardization in terms of developing methods for evaluating the chemical composition, efficacy, isolation and international approval is still a major limitation in this field. In the past few years, several drug-approval authorities, including the FDA and WHO have allowed using these naturally derived compounds in humans.

Conclusion:

In this review, we described the use of some natural products from plant and marine sources in cancer treatment and shed some light on semi-synthetic and synthetic compounds derived from natural sources used in cancer therapy.
Application of Amine-based Ru Compounds in the Olefin Metathesis of Methyl Eugenol: A Comparison with Grubbs Catalysts
Authors: Sousa Denise A. , Meneses Paulo S. , Gois Patrik D.S. , Silva Eliada A. , Junior Valdemiro P.C. , Lima-Neto Benedito S. , Silva Sá José L.
Published: November 2019

Methyl eugenol olefin metathesis was conducted with non-carbene Ru-complexes
([RuCl2(PPh3)2amine]) in the absence and presence of SnCl2 or CuCl2 as additives and their catalytic
activities were compared with that of a commercial Grubbs catalyst 2nd Generation (G2).
The Role of Endostatin in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Nijhawan Priya , Behl Tapan
Published: November 2019

Background:

Endostatin by its therapeutic value against rheumatoid arthritis has recently
gained significant interest in biomedical science. A recent study revealed that various approaches
have been made to prevent rheumatoid arthritis by either controlling or inhibiting the progression of
angiogenesis.

Objective:

The main objective of the current manuscript is to enumerate the intrinsic role of endostatin
in rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods:

A thorough and detailed review of literature from the papers published from the year
1997-2019 was studied for the preparation of the current article.

Results:

Endostatin is one such agent of the subfamily of ECM called as multiplexins obtained
from proteolytic cleavage of XVIII and its carboxylic terminal fragments and is known for its antiangiogenic
and antiproliferative property. The exact mechanism of endostatin is still unclear, but it
acts by downregulating or inhibiting the responses of various factors, including Id1, Id3, matrix
metalloproteinase, and Nuclear factor Kappa B that are liable for angiogenesis. The mutual effects
on adipogenesis and angiogenesis, endostatin inhibits dietary-induced obesity and its related metabolic
disorders, such as insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis.

Conclusion:

The present review demonstrates the intrinsic usage of endostatin as a novel molecule
in rheumatoid arthritis. It focuses on the status of the therapeutic potential of endostatin in inhibiting
the activity of angiogenesis is also very well explored.
Identification of Novel Key Targets and Candidate Drugs in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Juan , Lian Xinjie , Liu Feng , Yan Xueling , Cheng Chunyan , Cheng Lijia , Sun Xiaolin , Shi Zheng
Published: November 2019

Background:

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant
epithelial neoplasm. It is located within the top 10 ranking incidence of cancers with a poor
prognosis and low survival rates. New breakthroughs of therapeutic strategies are therefore needed
to improve the survival rate of OSCC harboring patients.

Objective:

Since targeted therapy is considered as the most promising therapeutic strategies in
cancer, it is of great significance to identify novel targets and drugs for the treatment of OSCC.

Methods:

A series of bioinformatics approaches were launched to identify the hub proteins and
their potential agents. Microarray analysis and several online functional activity network analysis
were firstly utilized to recognize drug targets in OSCC. Subsequently, molecular docking was used
to screen their potential drugs from the specs chemistry database. At the same time, the assessment
of ligand-based virtual screening model was also evaluated.

Results:

In this study, two microarray data (GSE31056, GSE23558) were firstly selected and
analyzed to get consensus candidate genes including 681 candidate genes. Additionally, we
selected 33 candidate genes based on whether they belong to the kinases and transcription factors
and further clustered candidate hub targets based on functions and signaling pathways with
significant enrichment analysis by using DAVID and STRING online databases. Then, core PPI
network was then identified and we manually selected GRB2 and IGF1 as the key drug targets
according to the network analysis and previous references. Lastly, virtual screening was performed
to identify potential small molecules which could target these two targets, and such small
molecules can serve as the promising candidate agents for future drug development.

Conclusion:

In summary, our study might provide novel insights for understanding of the
underlying molecular events of OSCC, and our discovered candidate targets and candidate agents
could be used as the promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of OSCC.
Economic Performance and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Onion (Allium Cepa L.) Under N, K and S Nutrient Combinations in Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfay Teklay , Girmay Selamawit
Published: November 2019

Background:

Nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and sulfur (S) nutrient elements play an important role in the growth and bulb yield of onion. However, imbalanced nutrient application leads onion producers to get lower onion bulb yield. Hence, the supply of adequate and balanced plant nutrients is important in order to achieve better nutrient utilization as well as proper growth and high yield.

Objective:

To evaluate the agronomic and economic performance as well as nutrient efficiency of onion in response to the combined application of nitrogen, potassium and sulfur nutrient levels.

Method:

The field experiment was conducted during 2016/17 to test agronomic, economic and nutrient use efficiency of eighteen treatment groups with the combination of three levels of N, three levels of K and two levels of S nutrient on onion using a randomized complete block design.

Results:

The combined application of N, K and S nutrient levels appreciably resulted in significant variation not only on growth and bulb yield of onion but also on the economic performance and nutrient use efficiencies. Increased growth and improved bulb yield of onion as well as better nutrient uptakes and recoveries were observed in plots treated with relatively higher NKS rates. However, enhanced Agronomic Efficiency (AE) and Partial Factor Productivity (PFP) were obtained from plots treated with no N and K nutrient applications.

Conclusion:

Higher growth, improved bulb yield and enhanced nutrient use efficiencies (nutrient concentrations, uptakes and recoveries) were obtained from onion plants cultivated using a relatively higher NKS nutrient level. However, from the economic point of view, onion production using combined application of 69 kg N ha-1and 15 kg S ha-1was the most profitable, irrespective of the K level.
Transaction Issues in Mobile Distributed Real-Time Database Systems
Authors: Singh Prakash K. , Shanker Udai
Published: November 2019

In recent years, a large number of populations are dependent on mobile database technology
and it is difficult for us to imagine our lifestyle in absence of database. Today’s portable handy
mobile devices take part in emerging new technology for sharing distributed applications or/ and information
between many users even on the move (from one network to another). To manage this resulting
large Volume of data in a wireless environment with time constraints such as deadline making
it the fertile land of research for researchers. Fast transaction processing in many industrial applications
is needed efficient algorithm and protocols in the field of mobile distributed real-time database
(MDRTDBS). Transaction execution in a mobile environment has various interesting research
issues like low bandwidth, storage capacity, power backup, priority scheduling policy, and
concurrency and commits protocols, security, check-pointing etc. At first in our paper, we address
performance issues that are important to MDRTDBS and then survey the various researches that
have been done so far. In fact, this paper provides ground knowledge for addressing the performance
issues important for mobile distributed real-time database and somehow helping to find out
the future area of research in the field of MDRTDBS.
Consideraciones metodológicas para la investigación con simuladores de red
Authors: Trinidad Franco , Talay Carlos
Published: November 2019

La simulación permite recrear escenarios para su estudio, mediante programas de computadora, sin necesidad de implementarlos en el mundo real. Esto reduce el costo de experimentación e incrementa el nivel de control que se tiene sobre un modelo de sistema. En el contexto de la investigación en redes de computadoras, los simuladores resultan muy útiles en el análisis de protocolos y componentes de red.

Uno de los problemas más estudiados es el análisis de rendimiento del protocolo TCP. En sus origines, éste sólo contemplaba pérdidas de paquetes por problemas de congestión, típicos de redes cableadas predominantes en la época. La aparición de redes inalámbricas puso de relieve falencias de TCP, al no poder responder a la multiplicidad de razones por las que éstas pierden paquetes: salidas del rango de cobertura, movilidad, interferencia de señales, etc.

Hay muchos autores que abordan las ventajas y desventajas del modelado de sistemas con enfoque de simulación, estándares para seleccionar herramientas más adecuadas, la estructura de cursos de instrucción y capacitación, y aplicaciones en ámbitos particulares. También existe una literatura amplia sobre el análisis de protocolos haciendo uso de simuladores de red, en particular NS2. Este trabajo busca integrar conocimientos adquiridos del área de redes de computadora y telecomunicaciones, con el manejo de herramientas de simulación y la experiencia en el estudio de rendimiento del protocolo TCP, para explicar algunas consideraciones metodológicas que resultan útiles en dicho emprendimiento.
Rendimiento de materia seca y valor nutritivo de cuatro leguminosas herbáceas en la zona tropical de Hueytamalco, Puebla, México
Authors: Lagunes-Rivera Sergio Alberto , Guerrero-Rodríguez Juan De Dios , Hernández-Velez Josafath Omar , Ramírez-González José de Jesús Mario , García-Bonilla Dulce Violeta , Alatorre-Hernández Antonio
Published: November 2019

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el rendimiento de materia seca (MS), concentraciones de fibra detergente neutro y ácido (FDN y FDA), proteína cruda (PC) y digestibilidad in vitro de la MS (DIVMS) de las leguminosas forrajeras Stylosanthes guianensis (SG), Centrosema macrocarpum (CM), Pueraria phaseoloides (PP) y Arachis pintoi (AP). Durante 11 meses se realizaron seis cortes a intervalos de 56 días. La siembra de las especies se realizó en parcelas experimentales de 3 x 7 m bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. La acumulación de MS total fue mayor (P≤0.05) en SG y CM con 19,410 y 17,462 kg MS ha-1, respectivamente, en comparación a PP (14,704 kg)y AP (12,466 kg). La especie con menor cantidad (P≤0.05) de FDN y FDA fue AP con 60 y 35 %, respectivamente. Esta misma especie tuvo mayor digestibilidad (74 %) seguido de SG con 62 %, PP con 57 % y CM con 55 %. Las especies con mayor (P≤0.05) contenido de PC fueron AP y CM con 21 % seguido de SG con 19 % y PP con 17.8 %. Las especies SG y CM fueron las leguminosas con mayor producción de MS; mientras que AP fue la especie con mayor digestibilidad y proteína. No obstante, de acuerdo a su valor nutritivo y producción de MS, las cuatro leguminosas pueden ser utilizadas como fuente de proteína para rumiantes en dietas de bajo valor nutritivo.
CAMPOS DE ACCIÓN DE LA AVIACIÓN POLICIAL PARA CONTRIBUIR EN LA RESPUESTA A LOS DESAFÍOS DE LA POLICÍA NACIONAL EN EL MARCO DE NUEVOS ESCENARIOS DE PAZ
Authors: Otalora DUeñas Luis Miguel
Published: November 2019

Este estudio permitió identificar escenarios en el post acuerdo para la Aviación Policial (ARAVI), como son el apoyo de las funciones de policía en toda la institución y en todo el territorio nacional; igualmente como la herramienta indispensable en la lucha contra el narcotráfico y los grupos armados ilegales, en el campo de la seguridad ciudadana con apoyo aéreo y logístico, y en escenarios de ayuda social y humanitaria, la necesidad de realizar estrategias de fortalecimiento presupuestal que permitan la sostenibilidad y expansión de sus funciones, acciones y retos; y la transversalidad de las funciones de la Aviación Policial en todas las acciones de la institución en la consecución del objetivo post acuerdo de alcanzar la paz duradera.
LA TRATA DE PERSONAS EN COLOMBIA - HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN COLOMBIA
Authors: Solano Beltrán Jesús Alberto
Published: November 2019

Resumen El presente estudio plantea la trata de personas en Colombia haciendo un recorrido histórico del nacimiento de esta práctica. Posteriormente se  analiza la “Estrategia Nacional de Lucha Contra la Trata de Personas” en cabeza del Ministerio del Interior, siendo operacionalizada por la Policía Nacional, a través de la Dirección de Investigación Criminal e INTERPOL. Por lo anterior, en aras de realizar un análisis y mejoramiento de la misma, se evaluaron a través de diferentes instrumentos, el despliegue, y el punto de vista de los investigadores, víctimas y victimarios, proponiendo sugerencias y recomendaciones a la entidad encargada de su direccionamiento, con el fin de ser implementadas para mitigar el delito y fortalecer la atención de aquellos que han padecido este flagelo. Palabras claves: Delito transnacional, explotación, trata de personas, organización criminal.  Abstract  This study presents the Human Trafficking in Colombia, taking a historical tour of the birth of this practice. Subsequently, the "National Strategy to Prevent Human Trafficking " is analyzed under the Ministry of the Interior, being operationalized by the National Police, through the Directorate of Criminal Investigation and INTERPOL. Therefore, in order to carry out an analysis and improvement of it, the deployment, and the point of view of the investigators, victims and victimizers, were evaluated through different instruments, proposing suggestions and recommendations to the entity in charge of their address, in order to be implemented to mitigate the crime and strengthen the attention of those who have suffered this scourge. Keywords: Transnational crime, exploitation, trafficking in persons, criminal organization.
El cuento y las publicaciones en la enseñanza de geometría en la formación de niños y niñas
Authors: Pabón Hernández Lizet Fernanda , Vergel Mawency
Published: November 2019

Esta investigación tuvo por objetivo analizar la influencia de la elaboración de cuentos y su publicación en procesos de formación y desarrollo de competencias en niños y niñas de instituciones de la región de frontera.  Es el resultado de trabajo mancomunado entre docentes, estudiantes y padres de familia, que de alguna forma u otra apoyan la ejecución de las actividades propuestas. Se tomó como eje central utilizar los cuentos como herramienta didáctica en el aula de clase, a fin de gestionar nuevas formas con mayor impacto en el aprendizaje significativo los conceptos geométricos y bajo la modalidad de la investigación acción, se edificaron cuatro momentos, los cuales permitieron llegar a la presentación de un cuadernillo con cuentos escritos por los niños de tercero y cuarto primaria del Colegio El Carmen Teresiano, para la asignatura de tercero y cuarto. Se concluye que la elaboración de cuentos por parte de niños desarrolla el pensamiento creativo, variacional, formal, habilidades en lectoescritura, asi como desarrollo de competencias en interpretación y solución de problemas.
Planeación curricular y ambiente de aula en el área de ciencias naturales: Una mirada desde la evaluación diagnóstico formativa
Authors: Hernández Suarez Cesar Augusto , Rojas guevara Jorge Ulises , Avendaño Castro William Rodrigo
Published: November 2019

El propósito de esta investigación es analizar la planeación curricular del área de ciencias naturales que se desarrolla en una institución educativa de básica y media a partir de la categorización realizada a los lineamientos curriculares, estándares básicos de competencia y derechos básicos de aprendizaje, basados en los criterios de la Evaluación de Carácter Diagnóstico Formativa. En este sentido, se busca que a través del enfoque cualitativo y la técnica hermenéutica establecer las debilidades en torno a planeación curricular y ambiente en el aula, para fortalecer el diseño de la planeación institucional que dinamice el alcance de las políticas educativas vigentes. Se logra concluir la importancia que representa para el maestro de hoy, tener apropiación y pertinencia de todos los documentos que son política educativa emanada por el Ministerio de Educación Nacional, para mejorar el ambiente escolar y con ello motivar el desarrollo de competencias en los estudiantes, permitiendo crear espacios pertinentes de una excelente praxis pedagógica.
Dialéctica general de lo estético
Authors: Guendel Hermann
Published: November 2019

La  belleza  es  un requisito  que  exigimos  los  hombres  para  soportar  la  existencia  dentro  de la  realidad. Esta  belleza  es  condición  esencial  para  poder  transformar la existencia en vida, la burda realidad en nuestro mundo.  La belleza y lo  bello se forjan a través de un magnífico  esfuerzo  creador,  revolucionario  en  su  más  profundo  sentido.  En  este  ensayo se explora el tema de lo bello y la organización de la realidad en la dirección de hacerla  habitable,  intentando  una  explicación  del  fenómeno  estético  centrada en el hombre.
Aprendizaje cooperativo, una estrategia pedagógica para la enseñanza en grupos grandes: antecedentes teóricos
Authors: Jiménez Morales Patricia
Published: November 2019

El  Aprendizaje  Cooperativo  (AC)  es  una estrategia  pedagógica  donde  los  estudiantes trabajan en grupos pequeños. Se  basa  en  las  teorías  cognitivas  que consideran  al  alumno  como  un  sujeto social,  que se desarrolla  en  un  contexto sociocultural  muy  importante  para  su proceso  de  aprendizaje.  Favorece  el  desarrollo  de  estructuras  cognitivas  superiores. El  docente  se  convierte en  un mediador  que  facilita  el  desarrollo  de  zonas  de  desarrollo  próximo  en  el  estudiante.  El  docente  facilita  al  alumno  ir más allá de su desarrollo real y alcanzar su desarrollo próximo o potencial. El AC  puede ayudar a resolver las dificultades  comunes  en  aulas  con  grupos numerosos  de  estudiantes  y  favorece  la adquisición  de  aprendizajes  significativos  y  el  estudiante  participa  activamente    en    el    proceso    de    enseñanza aprendizaje.
Financial stability of the banking sector in European countries: A comparative analysis
Authors: Sysoyeva Larysa
Published: November 2019

The outburst of the financial crisis in 2008 raised a number of questions about financial stability and banking development, given that the crisis originated in advanced economies, where the financial sector had grown both very large and very complex. This study presents the results of research into ways of ensuring financial stability in the banking sectors in European and EU associated countries. The empirical analysis for EU member and associate countries is carried out for the period 2004-2014 and shows that significant heterogeneity in the member states? descriptions of their banking sectors not only led to different levels of Z-score, but also to principally different factors influencing the stability of banking activities in EU countries and countries associated with the EU.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN AIR BERBANTUAN MEDIA GAMBAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPS SISWA
Authors: Aryanthi Komang Dina , Suwatra Ign. I Wayan , Suarjana I Made
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaranAIR berbantuan media gambar terhadap hasil belajar IPS siswa kelas IVdi Gugus IV Kecamatan Banjar tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Jenispenelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen semu. Populasi dalampenelitian ini adalah keseluruhan siswa kelas IV di Gugus IV KecamatanBanjar pada tahun pelajaran 2018/2019 berjumlah 158 siswa.Berdasarkan hasil random sampling dengan cara pengundian, diperolehsampel yaitu siswa kelas IV SD N 1 Banjar yang berjumlah 23 orangsebagai kelas eksperimen dan siswa kelas IV SD N 8 Banjar yangberjumlah 21 orang sebagai kelas kontrol. Metode pengumpulan datamenggunakan teknik tes yaitu pilihan ganda. Teknik analisis data denganmenggunakan uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, terdapatpengaruh model pembelajaran AIR berbantuan media gambar terhadaphasil belajar IPS siswa kelas IV semester genap Gugus IV KecamatanBanjar tahun pelajaran 2018/2019.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE SCRAMBLE BERBANTUAN MEDIA VIDEO ANIMASI TERHADAP KOMPETENSI PENGETAHUAN PPKn
Authors: Harapan I Kd. Mega Putra , Asri I.G.A. Agung Sri , Kristiantari M.G. Rini
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan yang signifikankompetensi pengetahuan PPKn kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkanmenggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe scramble berbantuanmedia video animasi dengan kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan secarakonvensional pada siswa kelas V SD Gugus V Jenderal Sudirman DenpasarSelatan Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitianeksperimen semu dengan rancangan non-ekuivalen control groupdesaign. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas V SD Gugus VJenderal Sudirman Denpasar Selatan Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019 yangberjumlah 332 siswa. Penentuan kelompok eksperimen dan kontroldilakukan dengan teknik random sampling. Data kompetensipengetahuan PPKn siswa dikumpulkan dengan instrumen berupa tesobjektif pilihan ganda biasa sebanyak 30 soal yang sudah divalidasi. Hasilanalisis menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kompetensipengetahuan PPKn antara kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkanmenggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe scramble berbantuanmedia video animasi dengan kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan secarakonvensional pada siswa kelas V SD Gugus V Jenderal Sudirman DenpasarSelatan Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan hasilnilai thitung = 2,825 > ttabel (ɑ=0,05, dk=75) = 1,992. Rata-rata gain skorternormalisasi kompetensi pengetahuan PPKn kelompok eksperimenyang dibelajarkan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipescramble berbantuan media video animasi adalah X̅1= 0,309 > X̅2= 0,196kelompok kontrol yang dibelajarkan secara konvesional denganperbedaan sebesar 0,113. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwamodel pembelajaran kooperatif tipe scramble berbantuan media videoanimasi berpengaruh terhadap kompetensi pengetahuan PPKn siswakelas V SD Gugus V Jenderal Sudirman Denpasar Selatan Tahun Ajaran2018/2019.
KONTRIBUSI SIKAP DISIPLIN DAN MOTIF BERKOMPETISI TERHADAP KOMPETENSI PENGETAHUAN IPS SISWA KELAS IV
Authors: Tamayanti Putu Adelia , Sujana I Wayan , Wiarta I Wayan
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh yang signifikan sikapdisiplin dan motif berkompetisi terhadap kompetensi pengetahuan IPS siswakelas IV SDN Gugus Mohhamad Hatta Kecamatan Denpasar Selatan TahunAjaran 2018/2019. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian ex post facto.Populasi penelitian ini seluruh siswa kelas IV SDN Gugus Mohhamad HattaKecamatan Denpasar Selatan Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019 berjumlah 243 siswa.Sampel ditentukan dari populasi menggunakan teknik proportional randomsampling. Jumlah sampel dari populasi adalah 142 siswa. Metode teknikpengumpulan data menggunakan metode non tes berupa pencatatandokumen dan angket. Data sikap disiplin dan motif berkompetisi diperolehmelalui angket, data kompetensi pengetahuan IPS melalui pencatatandokumen. Setelah data diperoleh, dilakukan uji prasyarat analisis dengan ujinormalitas Kolmogorov-Smirnov, uji linearitas, uji multikolinearitas dan ujiheteroskedastisitas. Data penelitian yang telah memenuhi uji prasyaratanalisis diuji menggunakan analisis statistik inferensial dengan teknikanalisis regresi ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh yangsignifikan antara sikap disiplin dan motif berkompetisi terhadapkompetensi pengetahuan IPS berdasarkan nilai Fhitung = 3,13 > Ftabel = 3,07dengan kontribusi sebesar 4,3%. Sikap disiplin dan motif berkompetisimemberikan kontribusi sebesar 4,3% terhadap kompetensi IPS pada siswakelas IV SDN Gugus Mohhamad Hatta Kecamatan Denpasar Selatan.Sehingga 95,7% lainnya dipengaruhi oleh faktor belajar lain baik faktor daridalam maupun faktor dari luar diri siswa. Adapun saran ditujukan kepadaguru untuk lebih mengoptimalkan sikap disiplin dan motif berkompetisidalam pembelajaran guna dapat mencapai kompetensi pengetahuan IPS.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MIND MAPPING BERBANTUAN MEDIA AUDIO-VISUALTERHADAP KOMPETENSI PENGETAHUAN IPS
Authors: Ekayanti Ni Luh Putu , Darsana I Wayan , Sujana I Wayan
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh yang signifikan modelpembelajaran mind mapping berbantuan media audio-visual terhadapkompetensi pengetahuan IPS kelas IV SD Gugus VIII Kecamatan Abiansemaltahun ajaran 2018/2019. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimensemu dengan desain penelitian yang digunakan rancangan kelompok nonekuivalen.Populasi dalam penelitian ini seluruh kelas IV SD Gugus VIIIKecamatan Abiansemal tahun ajaran 2018/2019 sebanyak 260 siswa.Sampel ditentukan dengan teknik random sampling. Metode pengumpulandata dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode tes. Instrumen yangdigunakan untuk mengumpulkan kompetensi pengetahuan IPS denganmenggunakan tes objektif dalam bentuk pilihan ganda biasa dengan empatpilihan. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji-t. Berdasarkan pengolahan data diperoleh hasilpenelitian yaitu nilai rata-rata gain skor kelompok eksperimen (0,53) dan nilai rata-rata gain skorkelompok kontrol (0,45) , maka nilai rata-rata gain skor kelompok eksperimen lebih tinggi dari padanilai rata-rata gain skor kelompok kontrol (0,53>0,45) . Berdasarkan hasil uji-t dengan derajatkebebasan (dk=34+33-2) dan pada taraf signifikan 5% diperoleh thitung > ttabel (3,333>2,000) maka H0ditolak dan Ha diterima. Ini berarti terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kompetensi pengetahuan IPSsiswa yang dibelajarkan melalui model pembelajaran mind mapping berbantuan media audio-visualdengan siswa yang dibelajarkan melalui pembelajaran konvensional kelas IV SD Gugus VIII KecamatanAbiansemal tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruhyang signifikan model pembelajaran mind mapping berbantuan media audio-visual terhadapkompetensi pengetahuan IPS pada kelas IV SD Gugus VIII Kecamatan Abiansemal tahun ajaran2018/2019.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE GROUP INVESTIGATION BERBANTUAN MEDIA QUESTION CARD TERHADAP SIKAP SOSIAL DAN HASIL BELAJAR PKN
Authors: Arimbawa Pt. Redy Kresna , Renda Ndara Tanggu , Sudana Dewa Nyoman
Published: November 2019

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah rendahnya sikap sosial siswayang mempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa dan akhirnya hasil belajar siswatidak mencapai KKM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruhmodel pembelajaran group investigation berbantuan media question cardterhadap sikap sosial dan hasil belajar PKn siswa kelas V SD. Penelitian inimerupakan penelitian eksperimen semu menggunakan rancangan nonequivalentpost-test only control group design. Populasi dalam penelitianini adalah seluruh siswa kelas V SD Gugus VI Kecamatan Negara yangterdiri dari 10 kelas dengan jumlah 205 siswa. Setelah dilakukan ujikesetaraan selanjutnya ditentukan sampel dengan menggunakan Teknikrandom sampling dan dididapatkan 2 sekolah dengan jumlah 55 siswayang terdiri dari SD Negeri 2 Kaliakah menjadi kelompok eksperimendengan jumlah 32 siswa dan SD Negeri 5 Berangbang sebagai kelompokkontrol dengan jumlah 23 siswa. Metode pengumpulan data dalampenelitian ini menggunakan metode non test dan test. Metode non testmenggunakan instrument kuesioner sikap sosial dan metode testmenggunakan instrumen tes hasil belajar PKn dalam bentuk pilihanganda. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis statistikdeskriptif dan analisis statistik inferensial ( MANOVA). Adapun rata-rataskor sikap sosial siswa di kelas eksperimen adalah 111,16 berada padakategori baik dan di kelas kontrol 89,96 berada pada kategori cukupsedangkan, rata-rata hasil belajar PKn siswa di kelas eksperimen adalah24,5 berada pada kategori sangat baik dan di kelas kontrol 16,43 beradapada kategori cukup. Hasil penelitian ini dikuatkan berdasarkanperhitungan uji MANOVA yang memperoleh hasil F pada hipotesis Isebesar 48,229, F pada hipotesis II sebesar 85,807, dan F pada hipotesisIII sebesar 2793,959 yang seluruhnya memiliki Signifikansi sebesar 0,000yang berarti lebih kecil dari 0,05 (0,000 < 0,05). Berdasarkan hasilpengujian hipotesis dapat disimpulkanbahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan model pembelajaran groupinvestigation berbantuan media question card terhadap sikap sosial danhasil belajar PKn siswa kelas V SD Gugus VI Kecamatan Negara TahunPelajaran 2018/2019.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN ACTIVE DEBATE BERNUANSA OUTDOOR STUDY TERHADAP KOMPETENSI PENGETAHUAN IPS SISWA
Authors: Dewi Ni Made Yuana , Abadi Ida BAgus Gede Surya , Putra Made
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh modelpembelajaran Active Debate bernuansa outdoor study terhadap kompetensipengetahuan IPS siswa kelas V SD N Gugus Kapten Japa tahun ajaran2018/2019. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen semu denganrancangan non-equivalent control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian inisebanyak 12 kelas. Sampel penelitian ditentukan dengan teknik randomsampling dengan mengacak kelas. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas VBSD N.17 Dauh Puri sebagai kelompok eksperimen sebanyak 42 siswa dan kelasV SD N. 20 Dangin Puri sebagai kelompok kontrol sebanyak 36 siswa. Datakompetensi pengetahuan IPS dikumpulkan dengan instrumen berupa tesobjektif bentuk pilihan ganda biasa berjumlah 30 butir tes yang telahdivalidasi. Data kompetensi pengetahuan IPS dianalisis dengan uji-t polledvarian. Berdasarkan hasil analisis uji-t diperoleh thitung =2,667. Harga tersebutkemudian dibandingkan dengan harga ttabel dengan dk = 76 dan tarafsignifikansi 5% sehingga diperoleh harga ttabel = 2,000, karena thitung = 2,667 >ttabel = 2,000 sehingga H0 ditolak. Demikian pula rerata kompetensipengetahuan IPS siswa kelompok eksperimen = 0,50 lebih besardibandingkan dengan rerata kompetensi pengetahuan IPS siswa kelompokkontrol = 0,42. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan, model pembelajaranActive Debate bernuansa outdoor study berpengaruh terhadap kompetensipengetahuan IPS siswa kelas V SD N Gugus Kapten Japa tahun ajaran2018/2019. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa hasil penelitian ini dapatdijadikan sebagai kajian yang relevan khususnya sebagai referensi bagi penelitidengan kajian yang luas dan memperdalam teori mengenai modelpembelajaran Active Debate bernuansa outdoor study.
Generation Scotland - Using Electronic Health Records for Research
Authors: Campbell Archie , Edwards Rachel , Porteous David
Published: November 2019

Background Generation Scotland is a family-based genetic epidemiology study of ~24,000 volunteers from ~7000 families recruited across Scotland with the capacity for follow-up through record linkage and re-contact. Broad consent was obtained for linkage to “medical records” for 98% of the cohort. This created a resource for investigation of the genetics of common conditions, available to researchers worldwide.

Methods Participants completed a demographic, health and lifestyle questionnaire, provided samples, and underwent detailed clinical assessment. The samples and data collected form a resource with broad consent for research on the genetics of conditions of current and projected public health importance. This has become a longitudinal dataset by linkage to routine NHS hospital, maternity, lab tests, prescribing, dentistry, and mortality data.

Results Researchers can use the linked datasets to find prevalent and incident disease cases, and healthy controls, in a stratified population. They can also do targeted recruitment of participants to new studies, including recall by genotype. We have established and validated EHR linkage, overcoming technical and governance issues in the process. Using consented data avoids some limitations of safe havens for analysis.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been done on a wide range of quantitative traits and biomarker measurements. Generation Scotland is a contributor to major international consortia and has collaborated with Dementia Platforms UK and Health Data Research UK to make the resources more widely known. There have been over 300 research collaborations, and GS data has contributed to 200 publications, with more in the pipeline.

Conclusions Generation Scotland has thoroughly tested the linkage process and is extending it to include primary care data and scanned images, with plans to collect more samples and data. The resources are available to academic and commercial researchers through a managed access process (www.generationscotland.org).
Childhood cognitive ability and the use of long-term care in later life
Authors: Iveson Matthew , Altschul Drew , Deary Ian
Published: November 2019

Background As the population ages the demand for care is predicted to increase. Previous studies have reported that individuals with poorer post-morbid cognitive ability are at higher risk of entering long-term care, both institutionalised care and home-based care. Given that post-morbid cognitive ability is sensitive to the type and severity of morbidity, it remains unclear whether higher cognitive ability, as a trait-level measure of individual differences, contributes to care usage. Some success has been observed using non-cognitive early-life circumstances such as socioeconomic circumstances as pre-morbid predictors of care risk. However, the contribution of early-life cognitive ability has yet to be examined.

Main Aim We investigate the association between early-life circumstances, particularly cognitive ability, and the risk of entry into long-term care in later life (age 65+).

Methods Veterans were identified using the South London and Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (SLaM) case register – a database holding secondary mental health care electronic records for the South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust of 300,000 patients. We developed two methods. An NLP and machine learning tool were developed to automatically evaluate personal history statements written by clinicians.

Results This study uses a large sample of individuals born in Scotland in 1936 and who took part in the Scottish Mental Survey 1947. It links research data from childhood to routinely-collected administrative and healthcare records from across the life course.

Conclusion We demonstrate the importance of early-life factors for predicting care usage in later life and how this role differs between types of long-term care. The implications of the results for research and policy will be discussed.
Administrative Data as a Novel Source of Information on Postal Drug Delivery in Scotland: A Spatial Analysis of Illegal Consignment Seizure Data
Authors: Matthews Ben , Collier Ben , McVie Susan , Dibben Chris
Published: November 2019

Since the development of cryptomarkets, researchers have been interested in the effects of these platforms on the 'cyber geography' of the drugs market. To understand these effects researchers have often focused on national or continent-level drugs flows inferred from data scraped from cryptomarket vendor listings. In this paper we demonstrate the value of administrative data as a complementary data source to understand the intra-national aspect of the supply of drugs through cryptomarkets. We use data from a UK law-enforcement agency to analyse the geographical distribution of drugs packages that were identified being delivered into Scotland in the post. We linked these data to information on neighbourhood deprivation to understand the characteristics of places to which packages were addressed and found that packages were, on average, more likely to be delivered both to deprived, urban areas and remote island localities. We contend that these results provide evidence that cryptomarkets have affected drug markets in remote island communities in the same way as legal e-commerce sites affected the markets for consumer goods. This further suggests that the spatial transformation of local drug dealing patterns by global cryptomarkets is in fact experienced differently in different places and geographies.
The Emerging Crisis of Aged Homelessness in the US: Could Cost Avoidance in Health Care Fund Housing Solutions?
Authors: Culhane Dennis , Doran Kelly , Schretzman Maryann , Johns Eileen , Treglia Daniela , Byrne Thomas , Metraux Stephen , Kuhn Randall
Published: November 2019

Background with rationale The US homeless population has had a fairly unique age structure for thirty years, with one-third concentrated among the 1955-1965 birth cohort. They are aging prematurely and are experiencing aging related morbidity and mortality in increasing numbers. This study uses demographic methods to project the growth in aged homelessness out to 2030. Using linked administrative data, historical patterns of health care, nursing home and shelter are used to estimate future costs. Potential offsets are estimated from anticipated reductions in excess services use associated with housing placement.

Main Aim To determine if housing placement among future aged homeless adults could be offset by reduced health and social service costs.

Methods/Approach Demographic methods are applied to historical shelter data in Los Angeles, New York and Boston to project the future growth in aged homelessness. Linked administrative data are used to estimate future age-related use of health and social services. Housing models are applied to meet population needs to estimate costs. Health and social service costs offsets are estimated from prior literature. The net cost is estimated based on the differential.

Results Elderly homelessness will triple in the US over the next ten years. Average annual health and shelter costs will be $22-28,000 per person. Housing costs are estimated at $7-11,000 annually. Cost offsets yield a positive ROI of 1.13 in New York and Los Angeles; Boston results are closer to break-even.

Conclusion Substantial public dollars will be spent on the aged homelessness problem as it triples over the next ten years. Some of those dollars could be shifted to housing solutions, reducing homelessness significantly, with little to no increase in public expenditures; positive returns on such investments are also possible.
Exploiting Administrative Data to Understand the Mental Health of Children Known to Social Services
Authors: McKenna Sarah , Maguire Aideen , O'Reilly Dermot
Published: November 2019

Background Research has consistently found a high prevalence of mental ill-health among children in out-of-home care. However, results have varied significantly by study location, type of care intervention, sample population and mental health measurement, and concerns have been raised about appropriate reference populations. In addition, little is known about children known to social services who remain with their birth families.

Aim To examine mental ill-health amongst children known to social services based on care exposure including those who remain at home, those placed in foster care, kinship care or institutional care and the general population not known to social services.

Methods Northern Ireland is unique in that has an integrated health and social care system and holds data centrally on all children known to social services. Social services data (1995-2015) will be linked to hospital discharge data (2010-2015), prescribed medication data (2010-2015), self-harm data (2010-2015) and death records (2010-2015) to investigate mental health outcomes in terms of psychiatric hospital admissions, psychotropic medication uptake, self-harm and suicide.

Results Data cleaning has been completed and analysis is underway. Preliminary results will be available by December 2019. Descriptive statistics will provide a mental health profile of children in care compared not only to children in the general population but to those who are known to social services but remain in their own home. Regression models will determine which factors are most associated with poor mental health outcomes.

Conclusion This project is the UK’s first population-wide data linkage study examining the mental health of children in the social care system, including looked-after children and those known to social services who remain in their own home. Project partners in the Department of Health recognise the potential of these findings to inform future policy relating to targeting interventions for children in receipt of social care services.
A data driven approach to transforming population and migration statistics
Authors: Field Vicky
Published: November 2019

The Office for National Statistics (ONS) is transforming the way we produce population and migration statistics, to a system that is led by administrative data.

Population and migration statistics underpin a wide variety of other statistics and inform a vast range of decisions, including pensions forecasting and provision of local services. These statistics are also used to help inform public debate, it is therefore essential that these statistics are accurate and timely. Until now the census has formed the cornerstone of these statistics, with updates from other surveys and some administrative data. Enabled by new data sharing powers in the Digital Economy Act (2017), we now have the opportunity to make use of more data: and this is essential to better understand our rapidly changing population at both national and local levels, and the wider policy impact and context.

We know that there is no single, comprehensive data source that tells us everything about the population. Therefore, we are developing ‘data-driven rules’ to use as part of a future system. This focuses on identifying the strengths of individual data sources and integrating them to provide richer understanding of how our population is changing.

This approach will also allow us to be flexible in implementing different definitions to understand sub-groups of the population. For example, the daytime population to understand the impact that the increasingly more mobile population has on different services.

We have undertaken research progressing administrative data-based population estimates, linked data to inform our understanding about migration patterns, reflecting the changing population and the impact that this has on society. The session will provide the latest on the research that ONS has carried out into the potential of administrative data in supporting and delivering a new system that can offer more responsive, frequent and timely insights into our society.
Variations in the use and availability of formal and informal care at the end of life over time and space
Authors: Schneider Anna , Atherton Iain
Published: November 2019

Background In light of increasing death rates and a high need for palliative care at the end of life, it is important to plan formal care resources and understand in what ways informal care may alleviate the pressure on healthcare services. A piece to this information puzzle is understanding spatial variations in the use and availability of formal and informal care and how these develop over time.

Aim This paper explores spatial variations in place of death and living arrangements (as proxy for informal care availability) in the last year of life in Scotland, comparing two time points.

Data Analysis is based on population data from the Scottish Census 2001 and 2011 that was linked with NHS data and death records data for everyone who passed away within a year of census enumeration. Geographic data includes the Scottish urban-rural classification and healthboards.

Methods Data was linked via probability linkage. Descriptive analysis and regression models will be presented.

Results and Conclusions The study population comprises 49,356 cases from 2001/02 and 46,473 from 2011/12. Understanding how care use has changed over time and varies spatially is key to health and social care resource planning and social policy making.