bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ontogenetic transformation of the cartilaginous nasal capsule in mammals, a review with new observations on bats
Authors: Smith Timothy D. , Ruf Irina , DeLeon Valerie B.
Published: January 2023

The nasal capsule, as the most rostral part of the chondrocranium, is a critical point of connection with the facial skeleton. Its fate may influence facial form, and the varied fates of cartilage may be a vehicle contributing to morphological diversity. Here, we review ontogenetic changes in the cartilaginous nasal capsule of mammals, and make new observations on perinatal specimens of two chiropteran species of different suborders. Our observations reveal some commonalities between Rousettus leschenaultii and Desmodus rotundus, such as perinatal ossification of the first ethmoturbinal. However, in Rousettus, ossification of turbinals is demonstrated as either perichondrial or endochondral. In Desmodus, perichondrial and endochondral ossification of the posterior nasal cupula is observed at birth, a part of the nasal capsule previously shown to persist as cartilage into infancy in Rousettus. Combined with prior findings on cranial cartilages we identify several diverse transformational mechanisms by which cartilage as a tissue type may contribute to morphological diversity of the cranium. First, cartilage differentiates in an iterative fashion to increase nasal complexity, but still retains the capacity for later elaboration via de novo bone emanating outward before or after cartilage ossifies. Second, cartilage acts as a driver of growth at growth centers, or via interstitial growth (e.g., septal cartilage). Finally, cartilage as a tissue may influence the timing of ossification and union of the facial and basicranial skeleton. In particular, cartilage at certain points of ontogeny may “model” via selective resorption, showing some similarity to bone.
Association of Juvenile Dermatomyositis Disease Activity With the Expansion of Blood Memory B and T Cell Subsets Lacking Follicular Markers
Authors: Gofshteyn Jacqueline S. , Mansfield Leanne , Spitznagle Jacob , Balasubramanian Preetha , Cardenas Jacob , Miller Thomas , Gu Jinghua , Wang Xuan , Punaro Marilynn , Fuller Julie , Nassi Lorien , Stewart Katie , Ohouo Marina , Stagnar Cristy , Baisch Jeanine , Walters Lynnette , Wang Yuanyuan , Yan Helena , Rinchai Darawan , Chaussabel Damien , Caielli Simone , Hong Seunghee , Onel Karen , Wright Tracey , Pascual Virginia
Published: January 2023

Objective

This study was undertaken to identify blood markers of juvenile dermatomyositis (DM) disease activity (DA), which are needed to improve disease management.

Methods

The study comprised a total of 123 juvenile DM patients and 53 healthy controls. Results of laboratory tests (aldolase, creatinine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], aspartate aminotransferase) and clinical measures of DA in patients with juvenile DM, including the Manual Muscle Testing in 8 muscles (MMT‐8), Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale (CMAS), and disease activity scores (DAS) (total DAS for juvenile DM, the muscle DAS, and the skin DAS), were recorded when available. Surface phenotype of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was assessed using flow cytometry. Whole blood transcriptional profiles were studied using either RNA‐sequencing or microarrays. Differential gene expression was determined using DESeq and compared by pathway and gene ontology analyses.

Results

Conventional memory (CD27+IgD–) B cells expressing low CXCR5 levels (CXCR5low/– CM B cells) were significantly increased in frequency and absolute numbers in 2 independent cohorts of juvenile DM patients compared with healthy controls. The frequency of CD4+ Th2 memory cells (CD45RA–CXCR5–CCR6–CXCR3–) was also increased in juvenile DM, especially in patients who were within <1 year from diagnosis. The frequency of CXCR5low/– CM B cells correlated with serum aldolase levels and with a blood interferon‐stimulated gene transcriptional signature. Furthermore, both the frequency and absolute numbers of CXCR5low/– CM B cells correlated with clinical and laboratory measures of muscle DA (MMT‐8, CMAS, aldolase, and LDH).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that both CM B cells lacking the CXCR5 follicular marker and CXCR5– Th2 cells represent potential biomarkers of DA in juvenile DM and may contribute to its pathogenesis.
Screening Carbon‐Boron Frustrated Lewis Pairs for Small‐Molecule Activation including N2, O2, CO, CO2, CS2, H2O and CH4: A Computational Study
Authors: Zeng Jie , Qiu Rulin , Zhu Jun
Published: January 2023

Dinitrogen (N2) activation is particularly challenging under ambient conditions because of its large highest occupied molecular orbital‐lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO‐LUMO) gap (10.8 eV) and high bond dissociation energy (945 kJ mol−1) of the N≡N triple bond, attracting considerable attention from both experimental and theoretical chemists. However, most effort has focused on metallic systems. In contrast, nitrogen activation by frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) has been initiated recently via theoretical calculations. Here we perform density functional theory (DFT) calculations to screen a series of experimentally viable FLPs for small‐molecule activation including N2, O2, CO, CO2, CS2, H2O and CH4. In addition, aromaticity is found to play an important role in most of these small‐molecule activation. The particularly thermodynamic stabilities of the activation products and low reaction barriers could be a step forward for the development of FLP towards small‐molecule activation including N2, inviting experimental chemists’ verification.
Metabolism and pharmacokinetic study of deuterated osimertinib
Authors: Zhan Xuyi , Bao Shaoyin , Li Xumei , Zhou Shaojun , Dahar Maha Raja , Lin Nengming , Chen Xiugui , Niu Chengshan , Ji Kaige , Wu Yusheng , Zeng Kui , Tang Zhihua , Yu Lushan
Published: January 2023

Osimertinib is a highly selective third‐generation irreversible inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor mutant, which can be utilized to treat non‐small cell lung cancer. As the substrate of cytochrome P450 enzyme, it is mainly metabolized by the CYP3A enzyme in humans. Among the metabolites produced by osimertinib, AZ5104, and AZ7550, which are demethylated that is most vital. Nowadays, deuteration is a new design approach for several drugs. This popular strategy is deemed to improve the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the original drugs. Therefore, in this study the metabolism profiles of osimertinib and its deuterated compound (osimertinib‐d3) in liver microsomes and human recombinant cytochrome P450 isoenzymes and the pharmacokinetics in rats and humans were compared. After deuteration, its kinetic isotope effect greatly inhibited the metabolic pathway that produces AZ5104. The plasma concentration of the key metabolite AZ5104 of osimertinib‐d3 in rats and humans decreased significantly compared with that of the osimertinib. This phenomenon was consistent with the results of the metabolism studies in vitro. In addition, the in vivo results indicated that osimertinib‐d3 had higher systemic exposure (AUC) and peak concentration (Cmax) compared with the osimertinib in rats and human body.
SHEAR saliva collection device augments sample properties for improved analytical performance
Authors: Song Shang Wei , Gupta Rashi , Jothilingam Niharika , Qian Xinlei , Gu Yue , Lee V Vien , Sapanel Yoann , Allen David Michael , Wong John Eu Li , MacAry Paul , Ho Dean , Blasiak Agata
Published: January 2023

Despite being a convenient clinical substrate for biomonitoring, saliva's widespread utilization has not yet been realized. The non‐Newtonian, heterogenous, and highly viscous nature of saliva complicate the development of automated fluid handling processes that are vital for accurate diagnoses. Furthermore, conventional saliva processing methods are resource and/or time intensive precluding certain testing capabilities, with these challenges aggravated during a pandemic. The conventional approaches may also alter analyte structure, reducing application opportunities in point‐of‐care diagnostics. To overcome these challenges, we introduce the SHEAR saliva collection device that mechanically processes saliva, in a rapid and resource‐efficient way. We demonstrate the device's impact on reducing saliva's viscosity, improving sample's uniformity, and increasing diagnostic performance of a COVID‐19 rapid antigen test. Additionally, a formal user experience study revealed generally positive comments. SHEAR saliva collection device may support realization of the saliva's potential, particularly in large‐scale and/or resource‐limited settings for global and community diagnostics.
Feeling known and informed: Serial qualitative interviews evaluating a consultation support intervention for patients with high‐grade glioma
Authors: Shepherd Sarah C. , Hacking Belinda , Wallace Louise M. , Murdoch Sarah E. , Belkora Jeff
Published: January 2023

Objective

Interventions to support patients' engagement in shared decision making (SDM) are lacking within high‐grade glioma (HGG) healthcare. Consultation Planning, Recording and Summarising (CPRS) has shown evidence of increasing patient decision self‐efficacy, reducing uncertainty, and regret of decisions. This is the first study of CPRS within a HGG population and delivered over serial medical consultations.

Method

A one‐arm prospective qualitative longitudinal design was used to evaluate the CPRS intervention and evaluated with participants at sequential clinic appointments depending on their care, in Edinburgh, Scotland. We report on serial semi structured interviews of 16 patients and their partners.

Results

Consultation planning before the consultation supported patients to feel known by strengthening the patient voice within the consultation. It prepared patients to actively participate in the consultation, despite the distressing nature of the content. Recording and summarising supported patients to understand their situation. The provision of a consultation record enabled accurate recall, a paced uptake of information and supported the family to feel fully informed. Ultimately, patients understood why decisions were being made rather than being part of making decisions.

Conclusions

The CPRS intervention helped patients to understand and to feel known by increasing patient capacity for communication in the consultation, with support before, during, and after the consultation. The intervention focused on preparing patients for SDM but patients did not perceive that they had meaningful choices to make. Further research could look at the inclusion of patient decision aids to support this process.
“There's not enough studies”: Views of black breast and ovarian cancer patients on research participation
Authors: Riggan Kirsten A. , Rousseau Abigail , Halyard Michele , James Sarah E. , Kelly Marion , Phillips Daphne , Allyse Megan A.
Published: January 2023

Background

Black breast and ovarian cancer patients are underrepresented in clinical cancer trials disproportionate to the prevalence of these cancers in Black females. Historically, lower enrollment has been attributed to individualized factors, including medical mistrust, but more recently structural factors, including systemic racism, have received additional scrutiny. We interviewed Black women with a personal or family history of breast and ovarian cancer to understand their views and experiences related to research participation.

Methods

Qualitative interviews were conducted via telephone or video conference and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were qualitatively analyzed for iterative themes related to the offer and participation in cancer clinical trials and research studies, impact on cancer care, and recommendations to increase enrollment of Black patients.

Results

Sixty‐one Black women completed an interview. Participants expressed that Black women are underrepresented in cancer research, and that this negatively impacted their own care. Many cited past historical abuses, including the Tuskegee syphilis trial, as a potential factor for lower enrollment but suggested that lower enrollment was better understood in the context of the entirety of their healthcare experiences, including present‐day examples of patient mistreatment or dismissal. Participants suggested that proactive community engagement, transparency, and increased representation of Black research team members were strategies likely to foster trust and bolster research participation.

Conclusion(s)

Medical mistrust is only a partial factor in the lower participation of Black patients in cancer research. Researchers should implement the strategies identified by our participants to promote diverse enrollment and ensure that Black patients are included in future therapeutic advances.
Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity against Tribolium Castaneum of Thapsia garganica L. Seed Essential Oil
Authors: Khemis Eya , Mustapha Mayssa Ben , Chaieb Ikbel , Ascrizzi Roberta , Flamini Guido , Harrath Abdel Halim , Jannet Hichem Ben , Zardi‐Bergaoui Afifa
Published: January 2023

Due to the several side effects of synthetic pesticides, including environmental pollution, threats to human health, and the development of pest resistance to insecticides, the use of alternative healthy, available and efficient agents in pest management strategies is necessary. Recently, the use of essential oil obtained from aromatic plants has shown significant potential for insect pest management. For this reason, the essential oil isolated from seeds of Thapsia garganica L. was investigated for the first time for its chemical profile, and its toxicity and repellency effects against Tribolium castaneum adults. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the chemical composition by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) revealed the presence of 18 organic volatiles representing 96.8 % of the total constituents. The main compounds were 1,4‐dimethylazulene (51.3 %) followed by methyl palmitate (8.2 %), methyl linoleate (6.2 %) and costol (5.1 %). Concerning the repellent effect, results revealed that SEO (Seed Essential Oil) was very repellent towards T. castaneum adults, with 100 % repellency after 2 h of exposure. Furthermore, the essential oil exhibited remarkable contact toxicity against T. castaneum (93.3 % of mortality) at the concentration of 10 % (v/v). The median lethal dose (LD50) of the topical application of the seed essential oil was 4.4 %. These encouraging outcomes suggested that the essential oil from T. garganica seeds could be considered a potent natural alternative to residual persistent and toxic insecticides.
Study of the effects of heat treatment on the composition, functionality, and oxidative and hydrolytic stability of oat
Authors: Jaksics Edina , Németh Renáta , Schall Eszter , Szentmiklóssy Marietta Klaudia Juhászné , Bidló Gábor , Simon Katalin , Tömösközi Sándor
Published: January 2023

Background and Objectives

Oat poses a challenge to the processing industry due to its relatively high lipid content and lesser‐known technological properties. Our aim was to investigate the impact of an industrial heat treatment procedure on the hydrolysis and oxidation deterioration processes, technological properties, and molecular composition of different oat cultivars.

Findings

The results showed that heat treatment stopped the hydrolysis of the fatty acid effectively. However, this did not slow down the oxidation processes. The viscosity decreased in the dough system, while it increased in the slurry as a result of heat treatment. In the heat‐treated samples, the molecular size of some proteins and fiber components increased, the solubility of the fiber components decreased, and the starch composition changed.

Conclusions

During the oxidation process, the periodicity of peroxide formation was identified. The modification of technological properties can be explained by the molecular size and solubility changes taking place in proteins and fiber components.

Significance and Novelty

Observing and interpreting the periodicity of peroxide formation can be important in inhibiting oxidation processes. Furthermore, we took the first step in examining the properties and changes of oat macromolecules.
Recreational nitrous oxide induced subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord: A case report
Authors: Simpson Kaitlyn , Mukherji Amit
Published: January 2023

Nitrous oxide is a gas frequently used in the medical/dental field for anesthesia and analgesic purposes and in the food industry as a spray propellant or foaming agent. Overexposure can lead to subacute combined degeneration (SACD) of the spinal cord through the mechanism of vitamin B12 deficiency. Because this drug is easily accessible, relatively inexpensive, and legal to possess, it has potential to be abused for recreational purposes. The number of published cases of nitrous oxide abuse has been increasing since 2010. Large‐scale and long‐term use of nitrous oxide have been found to cause nerve damage from vitamin B12 deficiency, thromboembolic phenomenon from elevated homocysteine levels, and even death from hypoxia. A 44‐year‐old male patient with past medical history of recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes, on Metformin, presented for 1 month of worsening bilateral upper and lower extremity weakness. On initial physical examination, he demonstrated pertinent abnormal findings of 2/5 hand strength bilaterally, 4/5 strength in his left upper extremity and right lower extremity, impaired coordination, ataxic gait, rigidity, and decreased but symmetrical reflexes. He reported using 50–100 canisters of nitrous oxide per day to obtain a feeling of relaxation and euphoria. Blood work revealed vitamin B12 deficiency, and abnormalities were seen on MRI. He was treated with 1000 μg of intramuscular vitamin B12 every other day for 3 doses, followed by 500 μg oral cyanocobalamin daily. He demonstrated a great amount of improvement in his neuropathy during his stay. However, he was still dependent in basic transfers, activities of daily living, and mobility and was discharged to acute rehabilitation. Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to subacute combined degeneration, which presents with sensory deficits, weakness, ataxia, spasticity, and gait abnormalities. Treatment for SACD should be aggressive and rapid to prevent irreversible neurological deficits. Amid an opioid epidemic, practitioners can easily overlook the use of nitrous oxide and patients may consider this drug to be relatively harmless. This case demonstrates the importance of thorough history taking, patient education, and early recognition and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency and the deleterious effects that may result without intervention.
A rare case of a laryngeal angiomyolipoma
Authors: McCampbell Lillian , Williams Mark , Panella Nicholas
Published: January 2023

Laryngeal angiomyolipoma is a rare tumor with few reported cases in the literature. The case report explains a 62‐year‐old man who presents with dyspnea and found to have a laryngeal angiomyolipoma staining CD34 positive, but HMB45 and Melan‐A negative.
A case report of multiple abscesses caused by Streptococcus intermedius
Authors: Reyes Jonathan Vincent M. , Dondapati Manasa , Ahmad Saad , Song David , Lieber Joseph J. , Pokhrel Nishan Babu , Jaiswal Vikash
Published: January 2023

Streptococcus intermedius is a beta‐hemolytic, non‐motile, catalase‐negative, gram‐positive member of the Streptococcus anginosus group. When compared to other members of this group like S. anginosus and Streptococcus constellatus, S. intermedius infections are more substantial. In this case, we present a 47‐year‐old male patient who was found to have S. intermedius abscesses in his lungs, liver, and brain. The treatment of choice for these abscesses is a combination of drainage, surgery, and antibiotic therapy.
Multifunctional Intrinsically Disordered Regions in Transcription Factors
Authors: Már Matti , Nitsenko Kateryna , Heidarsson Pétur O.
Published: January 2023

Eukaryotic transcription factors (TFs) are the final integrators of a complex molecular feedback mechanism that interfaces with the genome, consolidating information for transcriptional regulation. TFs consist of both structured DNA‐binding domains and long intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) embedded with motifs linked to transcriptional control. It is now well established that the dynamic multifunctionality of IDRs is the basis for a wide spectrum of TF functions necessary to navigate and regulate the human genome. This review dissects the chemical features of TF IDRs that endow them with structural plasticity that is central to their functions in the nucleus. Sequence analysis of a set of over 1600 human TFs through AlphaFold was used to identify key features of their IDRs. Recent studies were then highlighted to illustrate IDR involvement in processes such as protein interactions, DNA binding and specificity, chromatin opening, and phase separation. To expand our understanding of TF functions, future directions are suggested for integrating experiments and simulations, from in vitro to living systems.
Graphene‐Oxide Mediated Chemodivergent Ring‐Opening of Cyclobutanols
Authors: Brunetti Andrea , Pintus Angela , Lombardi Lorenzo , Kovtun Alessandro , Mascietti Federico , Bruno Francesco , Ravera Enrico , Melucci Manuela , Bertuzzi Giulio , Bandini Marco
Published: January 2023

Comprehensive Summary

The chemodivergent ring‐opening of cyclobutanols is described under the carbocatalytic assistance of graphene oxide (GO). The protocol enables the synthesis of diversely functionalized dienes or indenes (26 examples) based on the amount of GO employed. Spectroscopic (XPS and ssNMR) as well as experimental investigations revealed a direct involvement of the π‐domains of GO in tuning the stability of carbocationic intermediates during the reaction.
Efficacy and safety of low‐dose sacubitril/valsartan in heart failure patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Wen‐Wen , Jiang Juan , Gao Jie , Zhang Xiu‐Zhen , Li Yuan‐Min , Liu Yan‐Lin , Dang He‐Qin
Published: January 2023

Background

Controversy has persisted over the clinical benefits of low‐dose sacubitril/valsartan in patients with heart failure (HF).

Hypothesis

Low‐dose sacubitril/valsartan might also be effective and safe in HF patients.

Methods

Electronic databases including PubMed, Ovid, and Cochrane Library were systematically retrieved from inception to August 5, 2021. Review manager 5.4 and Stata 15.1 were employed in this systematic review and meta‐analysis. Key efficacy outcomes of interest included HF hospitalization, all‐cause mortality, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), together with New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class. The safety outcome was systolic blood pressure (SBP). The grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation approach was conducted to evaluate the quality of evidence for each outcome.

Results

A total of 1269 studies were screened and 9 real‐world studies met the inclusion criteria were included in the meta‐analysis, with 1697 participants. Compared with low‐dose sacubitril/valsartan, high‐dose sacubitril/valsartan significantly reduced the risk of HF hospitalization (odds ratio [OR]: 0.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.27–0.61, p < .0001) and the risk of all‐cause mortality (OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.11–0.47, p < .0001). However, there were no appreciable differences in improvements of NYHA (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.15–2.35, p = .45), changes of LVEF (mean difference [MD]: 2.73%, 95% CI: −2.24% to 7.7%, p = .28), changes of NT‐proBNP (MD: 43.09, 95% CI: −28.41 to 114.59, p = .24) and changes of SBP (MD: 3.01, 95% CI: −4.62 to 10.64, p = .44) between groups with low‐dose and high‐dose sacubitril/valsartan.

Conclusions

Compared with high‐dose sacubitril/valsartan, low‐dose sacubitril/valsartan was associated with increased risks of HF hospitalization and all‐cause mortality. However, no distinct between‐group differences in improvements of NYHA, changes of LVEF, changes of NT‐proBNP and changes of SBP were observed.
Discovery of a Chemical Probe to Study Implications of BPTF Bromodomain Inhibition in Cellular and in vivo Experiments
Authors: Martinelli Paola , Schaaf Otmar , Mantoulidis Andreas , Martin Laetitia J. , Fuchs Julian E. , Bader Gerd , Gollner Andreas , Wolkerstorfer Bernhard , Rogers Catherine , Balıkçı Esra , Lipp Jesse J. , Mischerikow Nikolai , Doebel Sandra , Gerstberger Thomas , Sommergruber Wolfgang , Huber Kilian V. M. , Böttcher Jark
Published: January 2023

The bromodomain and PHD‐finger containing transcription factor (BPTF) is part of the nucleosome remodeling factor (NURF) complex and has been implicated in multiple cancer types. Here, we report the discovery of a potent and selective chemical probe targeting the bromodomain of BPTF with an attractive pharmacokinetic profile enabling cellular and in vivo experiments in mice. Microarray‐based transcriptomics in presence of the probe in two lung cancer cell lines revealed only minor effects on the transcriptome. Profiling against a panel of cancer cell lines revealed that the antiproliferative effect does not correlate with BPTF dependency score in depletion screens. Both observations and the multi‐domain architecture of BPTF suggest that depleting the protein by proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) could be a promising strategy to target cancer cell proliferation. We envision that the presented chemical probe and the related negative control will enable the research community to further explore scientific hypotheses with respect to BPTF bromodomain inhibition.
Non‐suicidal self‐injury, suicidal thoughts and behaviors in individuals with an eating disorder relative to healthy and psychiatric controls: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sohn Maya N. , Dimitropoulos Gina , Ramirez Ana , McPherson Claire , Anderson Alida , Munir Amlish , Patten Scott B. , McGirr Alexander , Devoe Daniel J.
Published: January 2023

Objective

Eating disorders (ED) may be associated with an increased prevalence of non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) relative to healthy (HC) and psychiatric (PC) controls. However, precise estimates of differences in prevalence between individuals with EDs and controls are unclear. We compared the prevalence of NSSI, suicidal ideation (SI), suicide attempts (SA), and deaths by suicide in controls and individuals with EDs.

Method

We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and CINAHL for peer‐reviewed publications reporting the prevalence of NSSI and/or STBs in EDs and HC or PC group (PROSPERO: CRD42021286754). A series of random‐effects meta‐analyses were conducted to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) for NSSI, SI, SA, and death by suicide in EDs.

Results

Across 32 studies, individuals with an ED had a significantly increased prevalence of NSSI (HC: OR = 6.85 [95% CI: 3.60, 13.04]; PC: OR = 2.74 [95% CI: 1.49, 5.06]), SI (HC: OR = 3.63 [95% CI: 2.43, 5.41]; PC: OR = 3.10 [95% CI: 2.01, 4.78]), and SA (HC: OR = 5.16 [95% CI: 4.27, 6.24]; PC: OR = 1.37 [95% CI: 0.37, 4.99]) relative to HC and PC groups. A 2.93‐times increased odd of death by suicide did not achieve statistical significance. There was a high‐level of heterogeneity between studies.

Discussion

Our findings indicate that ED populations have an increased prevalence of NSSI, SI, and SA but not death by suicide compared to controls and emphasize the need for effective clinical strategies to address these behaviors in ED populations.

Public Significance

This review provides evidence for an increased prevalence of non‐suicidal self‐injury, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts in populations with eating disorders compared to controls. Our findings emphasize the need for effective clinical strategies to address these behaviors in patients with eating disorders.
Phylomorphometrics reveal ecomorphological convergence in pea crab carapace shapes (Brachyura, Pinnotheridae)
Authors: de Gier Werner
Published: January 2023

Most members of the speciose pea crab family (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) are characterized by their symbioses with marine invertebrates in various host phyla. The ecology of pea crabs is, however, understudied, and the degree of host dependency of most species is still unclear. With the exception of one lineage of ectosymbiotic echinoid‐associated crabs, species within the subfamily Pinnotherinae are endosymbionts, living within the body cavities of mollusks, ascidians, echinoderms, and brachiopods. By contrast, most members of the two other subfamilies are considered to have an ectosymbiotic lifestyle, sharing burrows and tubes with various types of worms and burrowing crustaceans (inquilism). The body shapes within the family are extremely variable, mainly in the width and length of the carapace. The variation of carapace shapes in the family, focusing on pinnotherines, is mapped using landmark‐based morphometrics. Mean carapace shapes of species groups (based on their host preference) are statistically compared. In addition, a phylomorphometric approach is used to study three different convergence events (across subfamilies; between three genera; and within one genus), and link these events with the associated hosts.
Teach different: The CREATE pedagogy for ecology and evolution
Authors: Lortie CJ
Published: January 2023

Globally, teaching has changed and innovated profoundly in the last 3 years. With novel and more seamless opportunities to use technology and more actively teach visually online or in‐person and to engage in inclusive dialogue within and between groups, we can teach very differently now. An innovation proposed a number of years ago and revisited anew in a recent and novel application to ecology and evolution course offerings, and the CREATE pedagogy or Consider, Read, Elucidate the hypothesis or purpose, Analyze and interpret data or evidence, and Think of the next Experiment is an inspiring framework for unique student work and teaching. CREATE proposes that students engage in active reading through specific exercises that are both creative and heavily anchored in critical thinking when working with publications. Here, the palette of CREATE exercises is expanded further for ecology and evolution and affirms that this approach to student engagement with literature can be highly effective in many courses. Furthermore, the application of this pedagogy dramatically influences and likely enhances how one teaches in a lecture setting as an educator making the content in all modalities more engaging and active.
Chimeric antigen receptor–based therapies beyond cancer
Authors: Velasco‐de Andrés María , Muñoz‐Sánchez Guillermo , Carrillo‐Serradell Laura , Gutiérrez‐Hernández María del Mar , Català Cristina , Isamat Marcos , Lozano Francisco
Published: January 2023

Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) therapies have gained renewed interest in the field of immunotherapy following the advent of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology. This immunological breakthrough requires immune cell engineering with an artificial surface protein receptor for antigen‐specific recognition coupled to an intracellular protein domain for cell activating functions. CAR‐based ACT has successfully solved some hematological malignancies, and it is expected that other tumors may soon benefit from this approach. However, the potential of CAR technology is such that other immune‐mediated disorders are beginning to profit from it. This review will focus on CAR‐based ACT therapeutic areas other than oncology such as infection, allergy, autoimmunity, transplantation, and fibrotic repair. Herein, we discuss the results and limitations of preclinical and clinical studies in that regard.
Sample plug induced peak splitting in capillary electrophoresis studied using dual backscattered interferometry and fluorescence detection
Authors: De Silva Miyuru , Dunn Robert C.
Published: January 2023

The appearance of unexpected peaks in capillary electrophoresis (CE) is common and can lengthen the time of method development as assay conditions and experimental parameters are varied to understand and mitigate the effects of the additional peaks. Additional peaks can arise when a single‐analyte zone is split into multiple zones. Understanding the underlying mechanism of these phenomena, recognizing conditions that favor its presence, and knowing how to confirm and eliminate the effect are important for efficient method optimization. In this study, we examine how the overlap of analyte zones with the sample plug can lead to peak splitting. This is explored experimentally using dual detection CE, which enables both the sample plug and analyte zones to be independently and simultaneously measured from the same detection volume. Simulations performed via COMSOL Multiphysics confirm the origin of the splitting and help guide experiments to reduce and eliminate the effect. Our findings show that this peak splitting mechanism can arise in separations of both small and large molecules but is, especially, prevalent in separations of slowly migrating macromolecules. This effect is also more prevalent when using a short length‐to‐detector, as is commonly found in microfluidic applications. A simple diffusion‐less model is introduced to develop strategies for reducing peak splitting that avoids modifying the apparatus, such as by lengthening the separation length, which can be difficult. Decreasing the sample plug length and slowing the electroosmotic flow can both reduce this effect, which is confirmed experimentally.
Review and prospects of research on materials to prevent and extinguish mine fires
Authors: Niu Huiyong , Sun Qingqing , Bu Yunchuan , Yang Yanxiao , Sun Siwei , Li Shuopeng , Tao Meng , Mao Zihao
Published: January 2023

Coal spontaneous combustion (CSC) has hindered the utilization of coal resources and the development of the global economy for centuries. At present, many materials are used for preventing and extinguishing CSC fires, and different types of materials have various sites of action. In this paper, research on CSC fire prevention and extinguishing materials is reviewed and proposed. The preparation schemes and effects of physical barrier materials, chemical inhibitors, composite materials, and other fields of fire prevention materials were discussed. The improved compounding schemes of CSC inhibiting materials were analyzed regarding the characteristics of base materials and material properties. It was found that in the field of fire prevention materials, plant extracts, hydrolyzed proteins, biomass, and other green recycling materials have gradually become the new trend in materials. The composite material has a synergistic physical barrier and chemical inhibition and has a good inhibitory effect on coal heat storage and group activation, which has become an inhibitory material that is highly concerning. CSC inhibiting technology involving microbial control has emerged and exhibits notable characteristics, including a green cycle and long action time, but its application still needs to control the coexistence of heterogeneous microorganisms and improve the environmental livability. High‐quality firefighting materials, which are used in preventing battery fires, fighting building fires, inert coatings of cotton fabric, and other fields, have potential applicational value for CSC prevention. This review aims to provide new ideas for the research of CSC fireproof materials.
Transcriptomics for Clinical and Experimental Biology Research: Hang on a Seq
Authors: Stokes Tanner , Cen Haoning Howard , Kapranov Philipp , Gallagher Iain J , Pitsillides Andrew A. , Volmar Claude‐Henry , Kraus William E , Johnson James D. , Phillips Stuart M. , Wahlestedt Claes , Timmons James A.
Published: January 2023

Sequencing the human genome empowers translational medicine, facilitating transcriptome‐wide molecular diagnosis, pathway biology, and drug repositioning. Initially, microarrays are used to study the bulk transcriptome; but now short‐read RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) predominates. Positioned as a superior technology, that makes the discovery of novel transcripts routine, most RNA‐seq analyses are in fact modeled on the known transcriptome. Limitations of the RNA‐seq methodology have emerged, while the design of, and the analysis strategies applied to, arrays have matured. An equitable comparison between these technologies is provided, highlighting advantages that modern arrays hold over RNA‐seq. Array protocols more accurately quantify constitutively expressed protein coding genes across tissue replicates, and are more reliable for studying lower expressed genes. Arrays reveal long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are neither sparsely nor lower expressed than protein coding genes. Heterogeneous coverage of constitutively expressed genes observed with RNA‐seq, undermines the validity and reproducibility of pathway analyses. The factors driving these observations, many of which are relevant to long‐read or single‐cell sequencing are discussed. As proposed herein, a reappreciation of bulk transcriptomic methods is required, including wider use of the modern high‐density array data—to urgently revise existing anatomical RNA reference atlases and assist with more accurate study of lncRNAs.
Whole‐brain functional gradients reveal cortical and subcortical alterations in patients with episodic migraine
Authors: Lee Chae Hyeon , Park Hyunjin , Lee Mi Ji , Park Bo‐yong
Published: January 2023

Migraine is a type of headache with multiple neurological symptoms. Prior neuroimaging studies in patients with migraine based on functional magnetic resonance imaging have found regional as well as network‐level alterations in brain function. Here, we expand on prior studies by establishing whole‐brain functional connectivity patterns in patients with migraine using dimensionality reduction techniques. We studied functional brain connectivity in 50 patients with episodic migraine and sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls. Using dimensionality reduction techniques that project high‐dimensional functional connectivity onto low‐dimensional representations (i.e., eigenvectors), we found significant between‐group differences in the eigenvectors between patients with migraine and healthy controls, particularly in the sensory/motor and limbic cortices. Furthermore, we assessed between‐group differences in subcortical connectivity with subcortical weighted manifolds defined by subcortico‐cortical connectivity multiplied by cortical eigenvectors and revealed significant alterations in the amygdala. Finally, leveraging supervised machine learning, we moderately predicted headache frequency using cortical and subcortical functional connectivity features, again indicating that sensory and limbic regions play a particularly important role in predicting migraine frequency. Our study confirmed that migraine is a hierarchical disease of the brain that shows alterations along the sensory‐limbic axis, and therefore, the functional connectivity in these areas could be a useful marker to investigate migraine symptomatology.
Targeted therapies in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma—A systematic meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Scherm Angelika , Ippen Franziska Maria , Hau Peter , Baurecht Hansjörg , Wick Wolfgang , Gempt Jens , Knüttel Helge , Leitzmann Michael F. , Seliger Corinna
Published: January 2023

Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. The standard of care for newly diagnosed GB involves surgical resection followed by radiochemotherapy with temozolomide, with or without tumor‐treating fields. In recent years, various efforts have been made to identify suitable molecularly targeted treatment options for malignant brain tumors. This meta‐analysis provides an overview of recently published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with and without molecular stratification, analyzing targeted agents in patients with newly diagnosed GB. The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (Ovid), ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and Google Scholar were searched for RCTs on targeted therapies in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were extracted and pooled in a random‐effects meta‐analysis. Twelve RCTs (n = 3941 patients) involving protein kinase inhibitors, proteasome and histone deacetylase inhibitors, anti‐angiogenic approaches and poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors were included in the meta‐analysis. None of the targeted agents achieved a significant benefit with regard to OS (HR = 0.98 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86‐1.11, P = .7731]). By comparison, targeted therapy showed a benefit for PFS (HR = 0.83 [95% CI 0.74‐0.94, P = .0037]), especially for patients with an unmethylated O6‐methylguanine‐DNA‐methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter (0.75 [95% CI 0.56‐0.99, P = .0440]). Prolongation of PFS was largely driven by VEGF inhibition with bevacizumab (HR = 0.70 [95% CI 0.61‐0.80, P = .0000]). VEGF inhibition with bevacizumab prolonged PFS in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma compared to standard care. However, no improvement in OS was observed with any of the targeted agents.
Challenges of polymer electrolyte with wide electrochemical window for high energy solid‐state lithium batteries
Authors: Huo Sida , Sheng Li , Xue Wendong , Wang Li , Xu Hong , Zhang Hao , He Xiangming
Published: January 2023

With the rapid development of energy storage technology, solid‐state lithium batteries with high energy density, power density, and safety are considered as the ideal choice for the next generation of energy storage devices. Solid electrolytes have attracted considerable attention as key components of solid‐state batteries. Compared with inorganic solid electrolytes, solid polymer electrolytes have better flexibility, machinability, and more importantly, better contact with the electrode, and low interfacial impedance. However, its low ionic conductivity, narrow electrochemical stability window (ESW), and poor mechanical properties at room temperature limit its development and practical applications. In recent years, many studies have focused on improving the ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes; however, few systematic studies and reviews have been conducted on their ESWs. A polymer electrolyte with wide electrochemical window will aid battery operation at a high voltage, which can effectively improve their energy density. Moreover, their stability toward lithium metal anode is also important. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent progress of solid polymer electrolytes on the ESW, discusses the factors affecting ESW of polymer electrolytes, and analyzes a strategy to broaden the window from the perspective of molecular interaction, polymer structural design, and interfacial tuning. The development trends of polymer electrolytes with wide electrochemical windows are also presented.

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Brown‐Colored Semen in Men With Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: WIEDER JEFF A. , LYNNE CHARLES M. , FERRELL SEAN M. , ABALLA TEODORO C. , BRACKETT NANCY L.
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT: The interesting condition of brown‐colored semen has often been observed during assisted ejaculation of men with spinal cord injury (SCI). This condition has not been reported in the literature, and its cause is unknown. To investigate this condition, the present study examined the incidence and quality of brown semen and its relationship to level of SCI, time since SCI, number of successive ejaculations, ejaculation frequency, and ejaculation method in a total of 664 semen specimens from 162 SCI men. In addition, a microscopic evaluation was performed on brown semen specimens from SCI men, not‐brown specimens from SCI men, and normally colored specimens from normal men. The results showed that 27% of SCI subjects had brown semen on at least one ejaculation. There was no difference between men producing and men not producing brown semen in age, level of injury, or years postinjury. The duration of anejaculation, number of successive ejaculations, and frequency of ejaculation were not associated with occurrence of brown semen. Sperm concentration and sperm motility were not significantly different in brown and not‐brown specimens. Specimens from subjects who produced brown semen had similar pH but lower volume than specimens from subjects who did not produce brown semen. Brown semen had a thin consistency more often than not‐brown semen. Brown specimens contained intact red blood cells (RBCs) and/or heme pigment more often than not‐brown specimens; however, one half and one third of the specimens, respectively, contained neither RBCs nor heme pigment. The cause of brown semen is unknown but may relate to seminal‐vesicle dysfunction.
New evidence on the importance of instruction time for student achievement on international assessments
Authors: Bietenbeck Jan , Collins Matthew
Published: January 2023

We re‐examine the importance of instruction time for student achievement on international assessments. We successfully replicate the positive effect of weekly instruction time in the seminal paper by Lavy (Economic Journal, 125, F397‐F424) in a narrow sense. Extending the analysis to other international assessments, we find effects that are consistently smaller in magnitude. We provide evidence that this discrepancy might be partly due to a different way of measuring instruction time in the data used in the original paper. Our results suggest that differences in instruction time are less important than previously thought for explaining international gaps in student achievement.
Social capital and the nonprofit infrastructure; an ecological study of child maltreatment
Authors: Mayer Duncan J.
Published: January 2023

Child maltreatment is a significant social problem that responds to neighborhood conditions, including disorder and support. Using administrative sources with the census response rate and geocoded nonprofit tax forms in a cross‐sectional ecological design (N = 443), this article explores two understudied supportive factors in neighborhoods: aggregate social capital and nonprofit organizations. A series of Poisson models show aggregate social capital and nonprofit density are negatively related to child maltreatment rates, while the relationship between social capital and child maltreatment rates varies by the number of nonprofits present in the neighborhood. The results provide new insights into the ecology of child maltreatment and illustrate the importance of norms and formal organizations when addressing collective action problems.
Revisiting the role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in knee injuries: Potential benefits and mechanisms
Authors: Leite Chilan B. G. , Tavares Luciana P. , Leite Magno S. , Demange Marco K.
Published: January 2023

Knee injury negatively impacts routine activities and quality of life of millions of people every year. Disruption of tendons, ligaments, and articular cartilage are major causes of knee lesions, leading to social and economic losses. Besides the attempts for an optimal recovery of knee function after surgery, the joint healing process is not always adequate given the nature of intra‐articular environment. Based on that, different therapeutic methods attempt to improve healing capacity. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is an innovative biophysical approach that can be used as an adjuvant treatment post‐knee surgery, to potentially prevent chronic disorders that commonly follows knee injuries. Given the well‐recognized role of HBOT in improving wound healing, further research is necessary to clarify the benefits of HBOT in damaged musculoskeletal tissues, especially knee disorders. Here, we review important mechanisms of action for HBOT‐induced healing including the induction of angiogenesis, modulation of inflammation and extracellular matrix components, and activation of parenchyma cells—key events to restore knee function after injury. This review discusses the basic science of the healing process in knee injuries, the role of oxygen during cicatrization, and shed light on the promising actions of HBOT in treating knee disorders, such as tendon, ligament, and cartilage injuries.