bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conscience and historical memory in the context of Russian culture
Authors:   Saratov State University, Institut of Psychological and Economic Research, Mozzhilin Sergey I.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The work is aimed at revealing the dialectical relationship between the sense of conscience and historical memory, the conditionality of both by the dominant ideals of culture. Theoretical analysis. Using a psychoanalytic approach and the method of critical philosophical reflection, the author focuses on the conditionality of the cognition of history, and at the same time historical memory, by the restrictive framework of conscience, set by the specific orientation of an individual to the ideals of culture. Empirical analysis. The consequences of the predominant emphasis in the media and educational environment on the negative aspects of the Soviet stage of history, which was one of the main reasons for the moral and spiritual disorientation of the inhabitants of the post-Soviet space, are analyzed. This disorientation, right up to moral degradation to Nazi ideals, with the corresponding framework of shame and conscience, manifested itself most clearly in modern Ukraine. Conclusion. The selectivity of this knowledge of history, and, consequently, this memory of the past, depends on the characteristics of the manifestations of a sense of conscience, coupled with the requirements of moral ideals that guide a person in his actions and thoughts. For the successful development of Russia, it is necessary to enrich the historical memory with positive, significant events of the past, building a line of continuity of ideals that orient towards social justice, past and present.
The Phubbing Phenomenon in Adolescents: Uncovering the Impact of Technology on Social Relationship Quality
Authors: Hutabarat Kinanti Anggia Nauli , Indriyani Kamila Susilo , Latipun
Published: October 2024

Phubbing is a social behaviour where an individual prioritizes smartphone usage over engaging with those around them. This study seeks to explore the underlying causes, manifestations, and consequences of phubbing behaviour among adolescents and to understand how this behaviour affects the quality of their social relationships. Adopting a qualitative approach through case study methodology, this research focuses on three adolescents who are habitual practitioners of phubbing. The findings of this study reveal that smartphone dependence, fear of missing out (F.O.M.O.), and low self-control are the primary factors influencing this behaviour. The repercussions of phubbing include the weakening of social relationships and an increase in feelings of loneliness and discomfort during social interactions. This research provides valuable insights into how technological advancements impact adolescent social behaviour and underscores the crucial role of educators and parents in promoting healthier social interactions. By identifying the factors contributing to phubbing and its effects on social relationships, this study aids in developing strategies to help adolescents adapt to technology in a more balanced way while maintaining the quality of their interpersonal connections. The study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to addressing phubbing and encourages more meaningful and supportive social interactions in the digital age. This expanded understanding of phubbing's impact highlights the importance of fostering better communication habits and supportive environments for adolescents navigating modern technology. Research shows that phubbing perpetrators have the defence that their behaviour is not the only one, that in this era, almost everyone does the same thing as they do, and their behaviour is inevitable. So, they tend to repeat the same cycle. Thus, phubbing behaviour is a cause-and-effect behaviour that is also influenced by an individual's internal and external factors.
Self-Disposal of Waste: Threats to the Environment as a Result of Legal Uncertainty
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Land and Environmental Law of the Russian State University of Justice, LL.D., Misnik Galina A.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the legal issues of the implementation of the norms providing for the rules of self-disposal of waste from the standpoint of differentiation of legal regimes of activities in the field of independent waste disposal and processing of by-products of production. The existing legal uncertainty in the legislation on the issue of signs of by-products of production, the uncertainty about the legal difference between these objects and “secondary resources” and waste subject to mandatory disposal, gives rise to new threats of harm to the environment due to the growing negative processes associated with the increase in the number of unauthorized landfills. The author proposes to specify the concept of “by-products” in order to improve the legal regime of self-disposal of waste.
Peculiarities of Protection of Rights of Owners, Holders and Users of Land Plots in Court
Authors:   Leading Research Scientist of the Department of Environmental and Agrarian Laws of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, Galinovskaya Elena A.
Published: October 2024

The article considers a number of topical issues of judicial protection of land rights. The legal and socio-economic significance of the protection of land rights at the present stage is formulated. The role of the court in protecting the rights and legitimate interests of land rights holders is analyzed. The current positions of the higher courts on the issues of dispute resolution in connection with the self-made construction and placement of objects with an underground part are investigated.
Permafrost Degradation: Legal Consequences
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Environmental and Land Law of the Law Faculty of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, PhD (Law), Kozyr Olga M. , Novikova Elena V. ,   Professor of the Department of Environmental and Land Law of the Law Faculty of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, LL.D.
Published: October 2024

This article identifies current problems of permafrost degradation in the context of the emergence of a new sphere of legal regulation, primarily in Russia as a subarctic country. Various legal consequences of this phenomenon, especially those arising outside the sea, on land, are very sensitive to ecosystems and humans. It is proposed to begin solving emerging economic and legal problems by improving the legal regime of rights to land plots and real estate located on them, identifying a range of special and modified environmental law institutions applicable to the special conditions of permafrost. Particular attention is paid to new problems and gaps in land and civil law in the regulation of permafrost. A number of areas of legislation need adaptation to new realities.
The Russian Doctrine of the Legal Nature of the Institution of Marine Cargo Carriage (from the Late 19th to the Early 20th Century)
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Constitutional Law of the Law Institute, PhD (Law), Khabibulaev Ali Kh.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to understanding the legal nature of the institution of maritime transportation of goods in the domestic legal doctrine, characteristic of the legal thought of the period under review. The institution under study, having the specifics of public international law, private international law, civil law, administrative law, as well as due to its close connection with other related institutions of maritime law, has emerged as an institution that cannot be regulated within the framework of one branch of law without taking into account all the features its historical and legal specificity. The presence of multifaceted reflections on the legal aspects of the contract for the carriage of goods by sea reveals the main contours of what constitutes its nature as a legal institution, and indicates its significance for the state system and economy of that era. In conclusion, the author comes to the conclusion that during the period under review, an independent concept of the international public legal nature of the institution of maritime transportation of goods was formed in different interpretations, which did not receive final confirmation, and maritime trade law remained a structural part of trade law.
Assurance of Ornithological Security. Airport Problems, Airline Losses and Judicial Opinion in Dispute Resolution
Authors:   Rector of the Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation, Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation, LL.D., Professor, Eliseev Boris P. , Vlasova Arusya V. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Organization of Air Transportations of the Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation, PhD (Engineering)
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the problem of ensuring ornithological safety in the area of airports and its impact on the accident- free operation of airlines. The authors analyze the process of formation of judicial practice in disputes related to the recovery of losses from airports, as organizations responsible for ensuring ornithological flight safety. An analysis of the current judicial practice of consideration of cases in this category by arbitration courts has also been carried out. An assessment of the evidence base was carried out and recommendations were given to airlines for further defending their interests in court.
TENDÊNCIAS CONTEMPORÂNEAS DA POLÍTICA DE ASSISTÊNCIA SOCIAL NO BRASIL: uma análise a partir da MUNIC
Authors: Gomes Gabriela , Farias Rita de Cássia Pereira , Vieira Pedro Leonardo Cedrola
Published: October 2024

Este artigo busca responder às indagações acerca de como a política de assistência social está organizada nos municípios brasileiros. Há três décadas da constituição da assistência social como política social de dever do Estado e direito do cidadão, muito se avançou acerca do seu aparto estrutural-organizacional. Este trabalho apresenta, a partir de dados da pesquisa MUNIC, a configuração da assistência social no território nacional. É uma pesquisa de cunho quanti-qualitativo que, amparado de uma perspectiva crítica e de totalidade social, busca analisar a assistência social acessada pelos seus usuários nos diferentes municípios brasileiros. Os resultados apontam para contradições entre quem gere e acessa tal política, realidade dos municípios e a demanda e oferta dos serviços benefícios.
Cultivation of Social Attitudes Through The Project Program of Strengthening The Student Profile of Pancasila and The Student Profile of Rahmatan Lil Alamin.
Authors: Sobaro Robith , Rahman Muhammad Hadiatur
Published: October 2024

The decline in social attitudes was caused by restrictions on community activities during the Covid-19 virus that hit the world, so the Indonesian government in 2020 imposed restrictions on community activities, including teaching and learning activities in educational institutions. Therefore, the impact of the enactment of the regulation causes a phenomenon of declining social attitudes in students. This is seen from teaching and learning activities that are only through digital and virtual in the sense that students do not have direct interaction between others, one of the flagship programs is P5- PPRA or the project to strengthen the Pancasila student profile and the rahmatan lil alamin student profile. At MTs Negeri 2 Sumenep, it has implemented an independent curriculum since 2022 and has implemented project-based lessons. Therefore, it is important to cultivate good social attitudes, especially through project activities to strengthen the Pancasila student profile and the rahmatan lil alamin student profile. The research conducted at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 2 Sumenep uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type of research. This research was conducted to describe how to cultivate social attitudes through the Pancasila profile strengthening project program at MTS Negeri 2 Sumenep.
The Role Of The Ghana Recovery Board Madura In Combating Drug Addiction Youths In Pamekasan District
Authors: Firda Istiqomatul Amalia  , M. Rofiq  , Imamiatul Jannah  , Ahmad Haqiqi  , Ainun Yasin Misten
Published: October 2024

This study discusses how to find out the role of the Ghana Recovery Madura institution in overcoming drug addiction among teenagers in Pamekasan Regency. Knowing the causes of drug addiction among teenagers in Pamekasan Regency such as they are invited by their friends and then interested and then consume it. The factors that can influence the overcoming of drug addiction among teenagers in Pamekasan Regency such as holding anti-drug seminars. In this study, using data collection techniques in the form of interviews and documentation. Interview techniques are obtained from sources, and using literature guidelines to reveal the background of the study. The analysis technique used is the narrative data analysis technique. The results of this study are that Ghana Recovery Madura can overcome drug addicts, especially in Pamekasan.
Purification of peat groundwater by ultrafiltration and membrane purification
Authors: Kolbikov Aleksandr , Suvorova Ol'ga , Fedoseenko Anastasiya
Published: October 2024

Purpose: assessing the effectiveness of peat groundwater purification using a combination of two methods of ultrafiltration and membrane purification. Identify specific characteristics of the composition of peat or groundwater, determine possible possible methods of treating these waters to ensure compliance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.3684–21 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the maintenance of territories of urban and rural settlements, for water bodies, drinking water and drinking water supply to the population, atmospheric air, soil, residential premises, operation of industrial and public premises, organization and implementation of sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures” to the quality of drinking water. Determine the list of composition indicators that require cleaning. Conduct an assessment of wastewater treatment methods used to treat peat groundwater. Togo, Conduct research on the composition of purified groundwater before and after treatment, determine the effectiveness of the treatment methods used according to various indicators. Determination of the concentrations of groundwater composition components was carried out using approved methods in accordance with GOST R 57164-2010 clause 5; GOST R 57164-2010 clause 6; PND F 14.1:2:4.207-04; PND F 14.1.2:3:4.121-97; PND F 14.1:2:4.114-97; GOST 31594-2012 Method A; PND F 14.1:2:4.50-96; PND F 14.1.2:3:4.111-97; PND F 14.1.2:3:4.111- 97; PND F 14.1.2:3.154-99; PND F 14.1.2:3:4.123-97; GOST 31859-2012; PND F 14.1.2:3:4.4-95; GOST 31940-2012 clause 6; PND F 14.1.2:4.178-02; PND F 14.1.2:4.214-06. An analysis of the results of laboratory studies of the composition of peat groundwater before and after treatment was carried out, and the effectiveness of ultrafiltration and membrane water purification methods was determined. The results of studies of the effectiveness of purification of peat groundwater using ultrafiltration and membrane purification methods show that purified groundwater meets the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the quality of drinking and domestic water supply established by SanPiN 2.1.3684-21. Practical significance: the results obtained from studies of the effectiveness of peat groundwater treatment using ultrafiltration and membrane treatment methods indicate the possibility of using these methods, because they ensure that water quality meets the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.3684-21.
Organization of terminal operations when storing containers on semi-trailers
Authors: Malyshev Nikolay
Published: October 2024

Purpose: development of a method for determining the configuration of a container terminal that will help in the terminal design process to determine the number of gantry cranes, terminal trucks, and the number and location of storage areas. Methods: materials from open sources are used in the work. A systematic approach to the design of a container terminal is applied. Results: a method for determining the configuration of a container terminal is developed, the difference being the storage of a container on a semi-trailer. Practical importance: the developed method will allow estimation of container terminal performance and capital costs before design.
Investigation of the influence of lighting objects control algorithms on the characteristics of road traffic at intersections
Authors: Mitrohin Maksim , Alyaev Aleksandr , Lobanov Ramil' , Semenkin Maksim
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of adaptive algorithms for controlling traffic lights at one intersection on changes in traffic at adjacent intersections. The main purpose of the study is to identify the advantages and disadvantages of implementing such algorithms to assess the impact on adjacent intersections. Three algorithms have been proposed for the study: queue skipping, phase duration redistribution, and waiting time estimation. The study included traffic modeling, data collection on waiting times, queue lengths, and an assessment of changes in traffic flows. Data was collected using smart cameras, which allowed us to identify how changing traffic light work plans at one intersection affects the dynamics of traffic at neighboring intersections. Possible changes in traffic at adjacent intersections are proved, in particular, an increase in the number of waiting vehicles and the average waiting time at adjacent intersections, which indicates the negative impact of adaptive algorithms on adjacent intersections.
The Status of Libraries and Information Centres in Namibia
Authors: Negumbo S.
Published: October 2024

In an increasingly interconnected world, understanding of cultures, traditions and systems of different countries is of growing importance. This article aims to acquaint readers of this journal with library systems in Namibia, shedding more light on its goals, history, and various branches such as the National Library of Namibia, the National Archives of Namibia, as well as special, academic, and school libraries. Through statistical data on services offered and user demographics, the author provides insights into the current landscape of libraries in Namibia. Additionally, the article addresses challenges faced by these institutions, ultimately concluding that while the library systems in Namibia has made significant strides since Namibia gained independence, further efforts are required for its continued development and enhancement.
A Solution of The Collatz Conjecture Problem
Authors: Duan Baoyuan
Published: October 2024

Research Collatz odd sequence, change $(\times 3+1)\div2^k$ operation in Collatz Conjecture to $(\times 3+2^m-1)\div2^k$ operation. Build $(\times 3+2^m-1)\div2^k$ odd tree model and transform position model for odds in tree.Via comparing actual and virtual positions, prove if a $(\times 3+2^m-1)\div2^k$ odd sequence can not converge after infinite steps of $(\times 3+2^m-1)\div2^k$ operation, the sequence must walk out of boundary of the tree.
Early PCR Confirmation and Fewer Visit as the Key to Improving HCV Treatment Rates in a Predominantly African American GI Clinic
Authors: Auguste Crisshy , Khamis Rana , Naylor Paul H , Mutchnick Milton G
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: The approval of direct acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for hepatitis C (HCV) resulted in a highly effective oral treatment for patients. The primary objective of this study was to compare patients who were not treated to patients who were treated. Identifying potential reasons for the failure to treat can provide a pathway to interventions using evidence-based data. Methods: The electronic medical records in an urban predominately African American (AA) population were searched for all patients with HCV seen at least once in a GI or ID clinic 2019. Data collected included demographics, treatment visits, laboratory, insurance, and ZIP codes for median income. Results: Of the 441 patients who were not yet treated at the first 2019 visit, only 43% were treated by July 2020. Insurance and median income were not factors in failure to treat. Patients with an average of 4 visits were more likely to be treated than those with 2 or less thus confirming that failure to follow up was a significant factor for patient treatment (42% vs 8% p<0.0001). PCR available at first visit to confirm infection was an important factor with respect to treatment (treated 38% vs not treated 25% p<0.02). Conclusions: Significant numbers of our patients (57%) failed to be treated after at least one clinic visit. The two critical factors were PCR confirmation prior to the initial visit and the requirement for multiple visits before initiation of for treatment. Since the degree of fibrosis had no impact on treatment, initiating treatment immediately after confirming infection with HCV should improve patient treatment rates and outcomes.
Impact of Non-Antibiotic Antibacterial Substances against Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Klebsiella
Authors: Sajjad Zarreen , Khan Muhammad Fayaz , Manzoor Shumaila , Nawaz Eid , Sajjad Fatima , Abubakar Muhammad
Published: October 2024

Conventionally, antibiotics have been regularly practiced as a cure of specific infections caused by specific bacteria. The rational use of antibiotics has always been challenging. Antibiotic residual time period is different for different antibiotics. The overuse and under-use of antimicrobials provokes the development of resistance, through which MDR strains have emerged. In this research, we intend to use Non-Antibiotic Antibacterial Agents (NAAB) that have no side effect and no residual time, in order to treat these MDR strains. Microorganisms do not develop resistance against NAAB. This study revolves around the use of Lactic Acid (LA) and Acetic Acid (AA) as NAAB against MDR strains of Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Klebsiella. Through broth dilution method, we identified the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). For LA, MIC for Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Klebsiella is 0.78µl, 0.39µl and 0.39µl respectively and OD600 values at MIC is 0.041 for all microorganisms. Similarly, for AA the MIC was recorded at 0.78µl for Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Klebsiella, with OD600 value 0.041.Through Disc Diffusion Method, we got zone of inhibition (ZOI) 25mm ±1 to 18mm±1 at NAAB concentrations above MIC, indicating concentrations sufficient enough to kill bacteria while we got ZOI below 10mm at concentrations below MIC indicating that bacteria are resistant at these concentrations. We concluded that NAAB agents possess strong potential as disinfectants and antiseptics and can be ployed for the treatment of mastitis as their MIC concentrations are totally harmless for living tissue even if we inject directly into it.
Comprehensive Safety Assessment of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 Through Integrated Genotypic and Phenotypic Analysis
Authors: Chen Chieh-Ting , Chao Wen-Yu , Lin Chih-Hui , Shih Tsung-Wei , Pan Tzu-Ming
Published: October 2024

Probiotics, as defined by the World Health Organization, are live microorganisms that, when consumed in sufficient quantities, provide health benefits to the host. Although some countries have approved specific probiotic species for use in food, safety concerns may still arise with individual strains. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 (NTU 101), isolated from the gut of healthy infants, has demonstrated various probiotic effects and shown safety in prior 28-day animal feeding study. To further verify its safety and mitigate potential risks, we performed a comprehensive genotypic and phenotypic safety evaluation in accordance with European Food Safety Authority guidelines for safety assessment through whole genome sequencing and related literature. In this research, minimum inhibitory concentration testing identified NTU 101's resistance to chloramphenicol; however, subsequent gene analysis confirmed no associated risk of resistance. Assessments of safety, including biogenic amine content, hemolytic activity, mucin degradation, and D-lactic acid production, indicated a low level of risk. Additionally, a repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats revealed no toxicity at a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight, further supporting the strain's safety for consumption. Based on these comprehensive analyses, NTU 101 is considered safe for regular consumption as a health supplement.
Cytotoxic Activity of Koninginins Isolated from the Mangrove-Derived Endophytic Fungus Trichoderma sp.
Authors: Ramos Gisele da Costa , Ramos Ingryd Nayara de Farias , Watanabe Luciano Almeida , Castro Luciana Almeida Watanabe , Moraes Alessandra Jackeline Guedes de , Santos Gleiciane Rodrigues dos , Siqueira José Edson de Sousa , Khayat André Salim , Marinho Andrey Moacir do Rosario , Marinho and Patrícia Santana Barbosa
Published: October 2024

The search for bioactive compounds for the treatment of several diseases has led to the study of endophytic fungi. Neoplastic diseases are among the most significant health concerns due to their high mortality rate, and there is a dearth of efficacious pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of cancer. Gastric cancer is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer and is among those with the highest mortality rates in Brazil. Accordingly, the objective of the present study was to identify compounds with cytotoxic activity from the mangrove-derived endophytic fungus Trichoderma sp. Isolation of the chemical compounds was conducted using chromatographic methods, while structural elucidation was achieved through the application of spectroscopic (NMR and UV) and spectrometric (MS) techniques. The fungus Trichoderma sp. was found to produce five distinct koninginins (A, B, C, E, and J). The organic phases of the extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic potentials, respectively, through microdilution testing and the MTT method. In the cytotoxicity assay, both the AF extract and koninginin A demonstrated favorable outcomes, indicating their potential as promising anticancer therapeutic agents.
The Effects of Service Quality on an Online Shopping Mall on Consumption Behavior of Sporting Goods Consumers: Moderating Effects of Positive Emotion
Authors: Yang Feng , Tong Yuanyan , Wu Jie
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine how factors that contribute to the service quality (responsiveness, product diversity, price fairness, and tangibles) offered by a sporting goods store on an online shopping mail affect shopping value. We also explore the moderating effects of positive emotions on the relationship between service quality and shopping value. A total of 654 respondents participated in the survey. The SPSS statistical package and smartPLS 4.0 were used to test the research hypotheses as well as to confirm the moderating effect. The study finds that the abovementioned factors that contribute to the quality of service provided by the online sportswear store had a significant effect on shopping value. Shopping value was in turn found to have a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction was in turn found to have a significant effect on shopping mall loyalty. The study finds that positive emotions do not have a moderating effect when responsiveness and tangibles affect shopping value. When product diversity and price fairness affect shopping value, however, the moderating effect of positive emotions was found. The results provide implications for practitioners who are concerned about improving the quality of service on online shopping malls. The results of this study contribute valuable guidance to marketers seeking to establish delivery-platform service-marketing strategies.
Psychology of Peace: Insights from the Srimad Bhagavad-Gita
Authors: Shah Shyama
Published: October 2024

This article delves into the psychological dimensions of peace as articulated in the Srimad Bhagavad-Gita, an ancient Indian scripture. Through its dialogue between Lord Krishna and the warrior Arjuna, the Bhagavad-Gita presents profound insights into achieving inner peace, managing conflict, and fostering a peaceful society. The text aligns with contemporary psychological constructs such as self-realization, mindfulness, emotional regulation, and prosocial behavior. Additionally, it addresses how the teachings enhance social engagement and disengagement, as well as cognitive, affective, mental, and physical regulation. The Bhagavad- Gita's bidirectional question-answering approach motivates, reasoning, and rationality, decision- making and goal-directed behavior. This analysis demonstrates the relevance of these ancient principles in addressing modern psychological challenges, providing a holistic framework for understanding and cultivating peace. Ultimately, the treatise portrays peace as a reflection of safety, security, and social well-being, making its teachings profoundly relevant today.
Feasibility of GPT-3.5 Versus Machine Learning for Automated Surgical Decision-Making Determination: A Multicenter Study in Suspected Appendicitis
Authors: Sanduleanu Sebastian , Ersahin Koray , Bremm Johannes , Talibova Narmin , Damer Tim , Erdogan Merve , Kottlors Jonathan , Goertz Lukas , Bruns Christiane , Maintz David , Abdullayev Nuran
Published: October 2024

Background: Nonsurgical treatment in uncomplicated appendicitis is in many cases a reasonable option, despite the sparsity of robust, easy access, externally validated and multimodally informed clinical decision support systems (CDSS). Developed by OpenAI, the Generative Pre trained Transformer 3.5 model (GPT 3), may provide enhanced decision support for surgeons in less certain appendicitis cases or those posing a higher risk for (relative) operative contra indications. Our objective was to determine whether GPT 3.5, when provided high throughput clinical, laboratory and radiological text based information will come to similar clinical decisions as a machine learning model and a board certified surgeon (reference standard) in decision making for appendectomy versus conservative treatment.

Methods: In this cohort study we randomly collected patients presenting at the Emergency Department (ED) of two German hospitals (GFO, Troisdorf and University Hospital Cologne) with right abdominal pain between October 2022 and October 2023. Statistical analysis was performed using R, version 3.6.2, on RStudio, version 2023.03.0+386. Overall agreement between GPT 3.5 output and the reference standard was assessed by means of inter observer kappa values as well as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value with the “Caret” and “irr” package. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05.

Results: There was agreement between surgeon decision and GPT 3.5 in 102 of 113 cases and all cases where the surgeon decided upon conservative treatment were correctly classified by GPT 3.5. The estimated model training accuracy was 83.3 % (95% CI: 74.0, 90.4), while the validation accuracy for the model was 87.0 % (95% CI: 66.4, 97.2). This in comparison to the GPT 3.5 accuracy of 90.3% (95% CI: 83.2, 95.0), which did not perform significantly better in comparison to the machine learning model (P = 0.21).

Conclusions: This to our knowledge first “intended use” for surgical treatment GPT 3.5 study comparing surgical decision making versus algorithm found a high degree of agreement between board certified surgeons and GPT 3.5 for surgical decision making in patients presenting to the emergency department with lower abdominal pain.
C-Reactive Protein Levels Can Predict Post-Operative Pancreatic Fistula (POPF) Formation After Pancreatic Resections
Authors: Swaid Forat , Masalha Muhammad , Elias Rajaa , Matter Ibrahim , Asadi Ahmad , Kanaana Osama , Sebek Viktor , Radonjic Dejan , Shehadeh Rola , Billan Salem , Agbarya Abed
Published: October 2024

Background: Post-operative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a common complication associated with pancreatic resections. Early identification of this adverse event could avoid otherwise prolonged hospital stay due to clinical management and treatment of symptoms created by POPF. This retrospective study investigated the prevalence of pancreatic fistula among patients who underwent oncological pancreatic resection between August 2018 and December 2023 at Bnai-Zion Medical Center. Elevated C-reactive protein levels have been utilized as an early postoperative marker indicating the presence of inflammation due to tissue injury complication. Objective: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the prediction potential of elevated C-reactive protein levels in detecting the risk for infection created by pancreatic fistula. Methods: Demographic and clinical data was collected from medical records files of ninety-four pancreatic cancer patients’ cohort who were subjected to resection. Results: A significant increase in C-reactive protein levels was found on day three following surgery at the group of forty-six patients having developed pancreatic fistula compared to patients without pancreatic fistula (p=0.002). There was no statistical difference among the groups in any demographic characteristics (such as age, gender, BMI, smoking status, etc.) and any other clinical features (e.g. serum albumin levels, chemotherapy protocol, surgical technique, hospitalization time, lymph node involvement). Conclusions: The results of the study suggest that C-reactive protein could serve as an early biomarker for pancreatic fistula formation in patients undergoing pancreatic resection for cancer.
Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly and Annotation of the Crested Gecko, Correlophus ciliatus, a Lizard Incapable of Tail Regeneration
Authors: Gumangan Marc Angelo , Pan Zheyu , Lozito Thomas
Published: October 2024

The vast majority of gecko species are capable of tail regeneration, but singular geckos of Correlophus, Uroplatus, and Nephrurus genera are unable to regrow lost tails. Of these non-regenerative geckos, the crested gecko (Correlophus ciliatus) is distinguished by ready availability, ease of care, high productivity, and hybridization potential. These features make C. ciliatus particularly suited as a model for studying the genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms underlying loss of tail regeneration capabilities. We report a contiguous genome of C. ciliatus with a total size of 1.65 Gb, a total of 152 scaffolds, L50 of 6, and N50 of 109 Mb. Repetitive content consists of 40.41% of the genome, and a total of 30,780 genes were annotated. Assembly of the crested gecko genome provides a valuable resource for future comparative genomic studies between non-regenerative and regenerative geckos and other squamate reptiles.
Identification and Analysis of Anticancer Therapeutic Targets from the Polysaccharides PSK and PSP Using Inverse Docking
Authors: López-Gil Carlos Iván , Téllez-Jurado Alejandro , Velasco-Velázquez Marco Antonio , Anducho-Reyes Miguel Angel
Published: October 2024

The natural compounds PSK and PSP have antitumor and immunostimulant properties. These pharmacological benefits have been documented in vitro and in vivo, although there is not information in silico which describes the action mechanisms at molecular level. In this study, the inverse docking method was used to identify the interactions of PSK and PSP with two local databases: BPAT with 66 antitumor proteins, and BPSIC with 138 surfaces and intracellular proteins. This led to the identification interactions and coincidences of PSK and AB680 inhibitor in the active site of CD73. It was also found that PSK bonds to CD59 interacting with amino acids APS22 and PHE23, which coincide with the rlLYd4 internalization inhibitor. With the isoform of K-RAS protein, PSK bonded to the TYR32 amino acid at switch 1, while with BAK it bonded to the region of the α1 helix, while PSP bonded to the activation site and the C-terminal and N-terminal ends of that helix. In Bcl-2, PSK interacted at the binding site of the Venetoclax inhibitor, showing coincidences with amino acids ASP111, VAL133, LEU137, MET115, PHE112, and TYR108; while PSP had coincidences with THR132, VAL133, LEU137, GLN118, MET115, APS111, PHE112, and PHE104.
Molecular Pathophysiology of Parathyroid Tumorigenesis—The Lesson from a Rare Disease: The “MEN1 Model”
Authors: Brunetti Alessandro , Cosso Roberta , Vescini Fabio , FALCHETTI ALBERTO
Published: October 2024

Primary hyperparathyroidism represents the third more prevalent endocrine disease in general population consisting of an excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone from one, more frequently, or more of the parathyroid glands, leading to a dysregulation of calcium homeostasis. Schematically, its development occurs primarily by pathophysiological events with genetic mutation, at germline and/or somatic level, that favor the neoplastic transformation of parathyroid cells, and promoting their aberrant proliferation, and mutations determining the shift of PTH "set-point”, thus interfering with the normal pathways of PTH secretion, and leading to a “resetting” of Ca2+-dependent PTH secretion or to a secretion of PTH insensitive to changes in extracellular Ca2+ levels. Familial syndromic and non-syndromic forms of primary hyperparathyroidism are responsible for approximately 2-5%, of primary hyperparathyroidism cases and most of them are inherited forms. The history of the genetic/molecular studies of parathyroid tumorigenesis associated with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 Syndrome (MEN1) represents a fascinating topic and model to understand genetic-epigenetic-molecular aspects underlying the pathophysiology of primary hyperparathyroidism, both in relation to the syndromic and non-syndromic forms. This minireview aims to take a quick and simplified look at the MEN1-associated parathyroid tumorigenesis, focusing on the molecular underlying mechanisms. Clinical, epidemiological, and observational studies, as well as specific guidelines, molecular-genetics studies, and reviews, have been considered. Only studies submitted to PubMed in English language were included, without time constraints.
Reawakening of Voragine, the Oldest of Etna’s Summit Craters: Insights from a Recurrent Episodic Eruptive Behavior
Authors: Calvari Sonia , Nunnari Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

Paroxysmal explosive activity at Etna volcano (Italy) became very common during the last three decades, rising concern on the civil protection authorities because of its tremendous impact on the local population, infrastructures, viability and air traffic. Between 4 July and 15 August 2024, during the peak of the touristic season when the local population doubles, Etna volcano gave rise to a sequence of six paroxysmal explosive events from the summit crater named Voragine. This is the oldest and largest of the four Etna’s summit craters and normally displays just degassing, with the previous explosive sequences occurred in December 2015 and May 2016. In this paper, we use thermal images recorded by the monitoring system maintained by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo (INGV–OE) and an automatic routine previously tested in order to automatically define the starting and ending time of each episode, the duration, total volume of erupted fluids (gas plus pyroclastic material), erupted volume of pyroclastic material, time-averaged discharge rate (TADR), and height (maximum and average) of the lava fountains. These data allowed us to infer the eruptive processes and gain some insights on the evolution of the explosive sequences useful for hazard assessment.
A Normal Displacement Model and Compensation Method of Polishing Tool for Precision NC Polishing of Aspheric Surface
Authors: Shi Yongjie , Su Min , Cao Qianqian , Zheng Di
Published: October 2024

The position accuracy of polishing tool affects the surface quality of the polished aspheric surface. The contact deformation among the polishing tool, abrasives and aspheric part can cause a displacement, in turn will cause a position error of polishing tool, this will lead to a significant change of the polishing force. In order to resolve this error, this paper proposed a method of normal displacement compensation for NC polishing system by controlling the polishing force. Firstly, the coupling principle between polishing force and position of polishing tool are expounded, the relationship between normal displacement and deformation is analyzed, based on Hertz theory, a model of normal displacement is established. Then, on the basis of decoupled polishing system developed, a normal displacement compensation method was proposed. Finally, a group of comparative experiments was carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with no displacement compensation, when the part was polished with normal displacement compensation method, the value of roughness decreases from 0.4µm to 0.21µm, and the unevenness coefficients of surface roughness decreases from 112.5% to 19%. The experimental results show that the polishing quality is improved greatly and the aspheric surfaces can be polished more uniformly with method proposed in this paper.
Swarming Insects May Have Finely Tuned Characteristic Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Reynolds Andy M
Published: October 2024

Over the last few years there has been much effort put into the development and validation of stochastic models of the trajectories of swarming insects. These models typically assume that the positions and velocities of swarming insects can be represented by continuous jointly Markovian processes. These models are first-order autoregressive processes. In more sophisticated models, second-order autoregressive processes the positions, velocities and accelerations of swarming insects are collectively Markovian. Although it is mathematically conceivable that this hierarchy of stochastic models could be extended to higher orders, here I show that such a procedure would not be well-based biologically because some terms in these models represent processes that have the potential destabilize insect flight dynamics. This prediction is supported by an analysis of pre-existing data for laboratory swarms of the non-biting midge Chironomus riparius. I suggest that the Reynolds number is a finely tuned property of swarming, as swarms may disintegrate at both sufficiently low and sufficiently high Reynolds numbers.
Breaking Barriers: Integrating Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine into Medical Specialty Education
Authors: Díaz-López Mónica María , Bustos Rosa-Helena , Garcia Julio-Cesar , Guevara-Ramírez Juan Francisco
Published: October 2024

Conclusions: The findings provide a first-time study on nanotechnology curricula within medical specialty programs in Colombia, with potential extrapolation to similar situations in other medical schools.
Is Greener Better? Quantifying the Impact of a Nature Walk on Stress Reduction using HRV and Saliva Cortisol Biomarkers
Authors: Aras Shravan G , Runyon Ray J , Kazman Josh B , Thayer Julian , Sternberg Esther M , Deuster Patricia A
Published: October 2024

The physiological impact of walking in nature was quantified via continuous heart rate variabil-ity (HRV), pre- and post-walk saliva cortisol measures, and self-reported mood and mindfulness scores for N=17 participants who walked “The Green Road” at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland. For N=15 of the participants, HRV analysis revealed two main groups: group 1 individuals who had a 104% increase (mean) in root mean square standard deviation (RMSSD) and 47% increase (mean) in standard deviation of NN values (SDNN) indi-cating an overall reduction in physiological stress from walking the Green Road, and group 2 in-dividuals who had a decrease (mean) of 42% and 31% in these respective HRV metrics signaling an increase in physiological stresses. Post-walk self-reported scores for vigor and mood disturb-ance were more robust for the Green Road than for a comparable urban road corridor and showed that higher HRV during the walk was associated with improved overall mood. Saliva cortisol was lower after taking a walk for all participants and showed that walking the Green Road elicited a significantly larger reduction in cortisol of 53% on average when compared with 37% of walking along an urban road. It is also observed that the order in which individuals walked the green road, and urban road also impacted their cortisol response with those walking the urban road before the green showing a substantial reduction in cortisol, suggesting a possible attenuation effect of walking the green road first. These findings provide quantitative data demonstrating the stress-reducing effects of being in nature, thus supporting the health benefit value of providing access to nature more broadly in many settings.
Advances in Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing Technology with Polymer Materials and Polymer Nanocomposites: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Patil Smitha S , Anbalagan Amarnath Chellachamy , Pyarasanic Radha D , Sukhdev Anu , Amalraj John , Chandrasekaran Saravanan
Published: October 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a cutting-edge manufacturing technique that allows for the direct creation of complicated objects from digital desktop designs. Among the several AM techniques, the material extrusion technique has gained more attention because of its ability to manufacture complicated objects and customizes profiles at a reasonable costin a shortertime period. The main advantages of this technique are its easier fabrication process and low cost when compared to other well-known AM techniques. Enhancement in mechanical properties plays the key role in the AM objects. So, Incorporating nanofillers or nanoparticles into the basic materials like polymers, carbon ceramic and metal based materials is one of the most promising alternatives. This review attempts to enlighten and inform readers about the basic working principle of material extrusion technique and the many forms of polymer-based additives reported in the literature. This review can guide the readers to compare and assess the uses of polymer based raw materials before on choosing the kind of material be used, as well as it provides a view point on the application of AM by the material extrusion method in different disciplines. Finally, the challenges and upcoming prospects of the material extrusion process are discussed.