bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Design of Light‐Emitting Diodes in Tandem Structures
Authors: Xie Yue‐Min , Liao Liang‐Sheng , Fung Man‐Keung
Published: May 2024

Organic light‐emitting diodes in tandem structures (TOLEDs) have long been an effective strategy to realize multifold increased electroluminescence (EL) efficiency relative to the single‐unit OLEDs, making TOLEDs promising candidates for lighting and display applications. Benefitted from the development of organic emitters, hybrid tandem OLEDs (HTOLEDs) composing two or more types of OLED emitters (phosphorescence, fluorescence, and thermally‐activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)) are developed. The different energy conversion processes of these emitters can facilitate manipulated exciton distribution inside the device, leading to enhanced device performance. On the other hand, different emission technologies can also be integrated to form another kind of hybrid tandem light‐emitting diodes (HTLED) thanks to the compatibility of OLEDs with quantum dot LEDs (QLEDs) and perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs). In this review, the performance of different types of HTOLEDs and HTLEDs is comprehensively reviewed particularly focusing on the exciton regulations and manipulation of emission spectra in the sub‐units, aiming to provide guidelines for the EL performance optimization of HTOLEDs.
A Self‐Healing Solid‐State Ion‐Conductive Elastomer with High Mechanical Robustness and High Conductivity for Soft Ionotronics
Authors: Wang Changsheng , Duan Xueying , Li Xinze , Pan Wenyu , Ning Chuang , Wang Fuqi , Cao Wenhao , Ou Fangyan , Wang Muqun , Liang Qihua , Gao Wei , Li Zequan , Zhao Shuangliang
Published: May 2024

Flexible and stretchable ion‐conductive elastomers have shown promising applications in wearable flexible sensor devices, biopotential detection, electroluminescent devices, and other areas. However, the currently employed gel‐based ion‐conductive materials encounter issues such as solvent volatilization or leakage. Herein, there is an urgent requirement to develop a solid‐state ionic conductor material that is both safe and reliable, free from issues of liquid leakage. Here, the study reports a solid‐state ion‐conductive elastomer with excellent mechanical properties and high ionic conductivity based on a synergistic strategy of multiple interaction forces. The solid‐state ion−conductive elastomer exhibits high ionic conductivity (1.42 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 25 °C), superior stretchability (≈1550% elongation) and strength (1.48 MPa). Moreover, the solid‐state ion‐conductive elastomer exhibits high resilience and possesses excellent self‐healing ability. The wearable sensor, prepared based on the solid‐state ion‐conductive elastomer with excellent comprehensive performance, not only demonstrates high strain sensitivity but also captures high‐quality epidermal biopotential signals from the human body in biopotential detection. Additionally, the solid‐state ion‐conductive elastomer can serve as an electrode in ionic electroluminescent devices for human wearable applications. It is believed that the solid‐state ion‐conductive elastomer can provide novel opportunities for the advancement of wearable devices and soft ionotronics.
Controlled Fracture‐Based Micropatterning of Ruddlesden–Popper Halide Perovskite for Ultra High‐Density Arrays of Micro Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Yoon Sunggun , Kim Joonyun , Chu Young Ho , Park Jinu , Park Ki‐Tae , Yoon Kyung Tak , Kim Nakyung , Park Seoyeon , Kim Yunna , Bang Kijoon , Shin Byungha , Lee Yun Seog
Published: May 2024

Quasi‐2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite (RPP) have surfaced as a promising candidate for light emitting diodes (LEDs) due to its outstanding optoelectronic properties. However, a reliable approach for patterning RPPs remains elusive due to the use of polar solvents in lithographic processes, which can damage the RPP. Here, a reliable and damage‐free dry micropatterning method of RPPs is reported, which also offers a cost/time advantage compared to conventional patterning methods. The sharp edges of high aspect ratio silicon micropillars are used to cut RPPs to a pre‐defined shape and then the cut RPPs are delaminated to obtain a patterned array of RPPs. The resultant patterned array exhibits no sign of degradation or discernable difference between adjacent pixels, achieving a ≈100% yield. The obtained array is utilized to fabricate a pixelated LED where a sharp electroluminescence (EL) spectrum peaking at 410 nm with full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum (FWHM) of 10 nm is observed. The pixelated devices demonstrate the potential to suppress EQE drops as the pixel size decreases, attributed to both the damage‐free micropatterning process and the defect tolerance of RPPs. Moreover, further improvements of the patterning method are demonstrated to avoid parasitic emission and suggest a promising strategy to fabricate pixel‐accessible micro‐LEDs.
Investigation of Doping Effects on the Local Electrochemical Activity of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides 2D Materials
Authors: Silva Walner Costa , Kim Moonjoo , de Oliveira Geovane Arruda , da Silva Leandro Vitor , Tetteh Emmanuel Batsa , Gomez Cynthia Marina Rivaldo , Ramos Wellerson dos Reis , Fragneaud Benjamin , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Santana Santos Carla , Grasseschi Daniel
Published: May 2024

Finding strategies to enhance catalysts’ electrochemical activity is based on controlling the material design. Bidimensional materials (2DM) such as MoS2 are explored as catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). A comprehensive study of the effects of doping 2D materials with transition metals based on theoretical predictions in tandem with experimental investigation correlates the doping type to the changes in the electronic and electrochemical activity. Localized electrochemical maps obtained by scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) reveal that Ti‐doping induces a heterogeneous increase in 2H‐MoS2 basal plane electrochemical activity, while Ni‐doping induces a homogeneous decrease. Additionally, Kelvin probe microscopy provides insight into Ti‐doping, showcasing a decline in the 2H‐MoS2 work function, therefore confirming the predictions from density functional theory simulations. In essence, the findings underscore the potential of transition metal coordination on the 2H‐MoS2 surface as an attractive method for locally doping 2D materials with minimal damage to the crystalline lattice, consequently enhancing the electrochemical activity on the material's basal plane.
Micrometer‐Thin Nanocellulose Foils for 3D Organic Electronics
Authors: Betker Marie , Erichlandwehr Tim , Sochor Benedikt , Erbes Elisabeth , Kurmanbay Alisher , Alon Yamit , Li Yanan , Fernandez‐Cuesta Irene , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Techert Simone A. , Söderberg L. Daniel , Roth Stephan V.
Published: May 2024

Cellulose is a natural polymer with great properties such as high optical transparency and mechanical strength, flexibility, and biodegradability. Hence, cellulose‐based foils are suitable for the replacement of synthetic polymers as substrate materials in organic electronics. This article reports the fabrication of ultrathin, free‐standing cellulose foils by spraying aqueous 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl‐nanocellulose (TEMPO) fibrils ink layer‐by‐layer on a hot substrate using a movable spray nozzle. The resulting foils are only 2 ± 1 µm in thickness with an average basis weight of 1.9 g m−2, which ranges in the same scale as the world's thinnest paper. The suitability of these ultra‐thin nanocellulose foils as a sustainable substrate material for organic electronic applications is demonstrated by testing the foils resistance against organic solvents. Furthermore, silver nanowires (AgNWs) and the blend poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) are integrated into the foils, and the foils are molded into 3D paper structures in order to create conductive, paper‐based building blocks for organic electronics.
Programmable Wave‐Based Meta‐Computer
Authors: Yang Han Qing , Wu Jun Wei , Yang Jun , Wu Li Jie , Cheng Qiang , Cui Tie Jun
Published: May 2024

In light of the escalating demand for computing powers, wave‐based analog computers have emerged as a compelling study area due to their remarkable capacity for ultra‐fast operation. Here, a programmable wave‐based computer, based on programmable meta‐structures is proposed, which is also called as meta‐computer. The meta‐computer can perform various types of analog computations in real‐time in the electromagnetic (EM) wave space, including matrix‐vector multiplication, discrete Fourier transform, filtering, and solving complex matrix equations. Owing to the powerful capability of the programmable meta‐structures in manipulating the EM fields and waves in real‐time, the proposed meta‐computer exhibits the advantages of flexible re‐programmability, low complexity, and direct computation in the EM space. Two prototypes of the meta‐computer in the microwave frequency are designed and fabricated, and the computing capability is validated through both numerical simulations and experiments. This work contributes a prominent approach for fully programmable wave‐based computers with noteworthy implications for expanding the applications of analog computing.
IV‐VI/I‐V‐VI2 Thermoelectrics: Recent Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Li Nanhai , Wang Guiwen , Zhou Zizhen , Wang Guoyu , Han Guang , Lu Xu , Zhou Xiaoyuan
Published: May 2024

Thermoelectric energy conversion technology is considered as one of the most promising solutions for recovering waste heat generated by fossil fuel combustion. As typical types of thermoelectric materials in the middle and high‐temperature range (500–900 K), binary IV‐VI (IV = Ge, Sn, Pb; VI = Se, Te) compounds are extensively studied. Lately, the obtained high‐performance thermoelectric solid solutions between IV‐VI and I‐V‐VI2 (I = Li, Na, K, Ag, Cu; V = Sb, Bi; VI = S, Se, Te) compounds have brought those complex chalcogenides back to the central point of thermoelectric community due to the emerging rich physical phenomena. Profiting from this effective approach, unveiling the underlying mechanism and understanding of alloying effect on the transport properties of these solid solutions becomes particularly significant. This review presents the latest progress in designing high‐performance IV‐VI/I‐V‐VI2 solid solutions and the underlining physical mechanisms, in which detailed discussion about the role of I‐V‐VI2 compounds play in optimizing individual properties of IV‐VI materials is made. This comprehensive review highlights the multiple effects of I‐V‐VI2 alloying on thermoelectric properties of IV‐VI compounds and will drive the related research interests aiming at developing new‐generation thermoelectric compounds in this family.
Sulfur‐Rich Polymers Coatings
Authors: King‐Poole Cody , Thérien‐Aubin Héloïse
Published: May 2024

Advancements in the synthesis of sulfur‐rich materials are driving progress across diverse fields owing to the rich and tunable functionalities of those materials. These materials are typically valued for their electrochemical behaviors, high refractive indices, heavy metal affinity, and ability to form dynamic covalent bonding. As a result, their applications span various industries including electronics, catalysis, lithium‐sulfur batteries, water reclamation, and optoelectronics. Moreover, elemental sulfur, a byproduct of the petroleum industry, is produced abundantly, necessitating the exploration of novel valorization routes for polymers made from this feedstock. The unique combination of properties of sulfur‐rich polymers also makes them an ideal platform for the development of high‐performance functional coatings, offering durability and tailored functionalities for protective coatings, thus enhancing materials lifespan and performances in a variety of environmental conditions. The presence of dynamic covalent bonds in many sulfur‐rich polymers enables the creation of self‐healing coatings, while sulfur itself or the comonomers can contribute to antimicrobial, antifouling, and corrosion‐resistant properties. Furthermore, sulfur‐rich polymers have the potential to be used in the design of icephobic and superhydrophobic coatings. This underscores the versatility of sulfur‐rich polymers as a platform for the creation of advanced coatings with superior properties.
Cellular Impact and Biodegradability of S‐ and N‐Doped Graphene Quantum Dots on Human Monocytes and Macrophages
Authors: Song Zhengmei , Gong Jun , Soltani Rym , Fauny Jean‐Daniel , Ménard‐Moyon Cécilia , Chen Peng , Bianco Alberto
Published: May 2024

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), small graphene domains with lateral dimensions lower than 10 nm, are increasingly used in electronics, composites, and biomedicine. Chemical doping of GQDs allows tuning their optical properties. Immune cells are among the first cells exposed to nanomaterials entering a living body, rapidly triggering a downstream immune response. However, the assessment of the impact of chemically‐doped GQDs on the immune system remains rather limited if not absent. In this context, the effects and the biodegradability of sulfur‐doped and nitrogen‐doped GQDs (S‐GQDs and N‐GQDs) on human monocytes and macrophages are evaluated. The metabolic activity, membrane integrity, apoptosis, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation are studied. In parallel, the degradation of GQDs using human myeloperoxidase and a peroxynitrite‐mediated system is investigated in test tube. Their degradation in macrophages is also pursued. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman, and flow cytometry are used to confirm the degradation. Overall, both GQDs exert little activation on monocytes and macrophages although they decrease the metabolic viability in a dose‐dependent manner. The loss of native GQD structure and crystal lattice provide evidence of their biodegradability. Both the safety and biodegradability of S‐GQDs and N‐GQDs ensure their potential in biomedical applications.
Sea Anemone‐Inspired Conducting Polymer Sensing Platform for Integrated Detection of Tumor Protein Marker and Circulating Tumor Cell
Authors: Ai Jialuo , Huang Yixuan , Yin Zhaoyi , Deng Yingshan , Yan Ling , Liao Jingwen , Liang Guoyan , Chen Chong , Chang Yunbing , Xiao Cairong , Zhou Jiale , Zhu Zurong , Liu Chengli , Jiang Zhuo , Ning Chengyun , Wang Zhengao
Published: May 2024

Combining the detection of tumor protein markers with the capture of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represents an ultra‐promising approach for early tumor detection. However, current methodologies have not yet achieved the necessary low detection limits and efficient capture. Here, a novel polypyrrole nanotentacles sensing platform featuring anemone‐like structures capable of simultaneously detecting protein biomarkers and capturing CTCs is introduced. The incorporation of nanotentacles significantly enhances the electrode surface area, providing abundant active sites for antibody binding. This enhancement allows detecting nucleus matrix protein22 and bladder tumor antigen with 2.39 and 3.12 pg mL−1 detection limit, respectively. Furthermore, the developed sensing platform effectively captures MCF‐7 cells in blood samples with a detection limit of fewer than 10 cells mL−1, attributed to the synergistic multivalent binding facilitated by the specific recognition antibodies and the positive charge on the nanotentacles surface. This sensing platform demonstrates excellent detection capabilities and outstanding capture efficiency, offering a simple, accurate, and efficient strategy for early tumor detection.
Bisphosphonate‐Anchored Self‐Assembled Molecules with Larger Dipole Moments for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Excellent Stability
Authors: Wu Jie , Yan Pengyu , Yang Daobin , Guan Haowei , Yang Shuncheng , Cao Xinyue , Liao Xiaochun , Ding Pengfei , Sun He , Ge Ziyi
Published: May 2024

In the fabrication of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the wettability, adsorbability, and compactness of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) on conductive substrates have critical impacts on the quality of the perovskite films and the defects at the buried perovskite‐substrate interface, which control the efficiency and stability of the devices. Herein, three bisphosphonate‐anchored indolocarbazole (IDCz)‐derived SAMs, IDCz‐1, IDCz‐2, and IDCz‐3, are designed and synthesized by modulating the position of the two nitrogen atoms of the IDCz unit to improve the molecular dipole moments and strengthen the π–π interactions. Regulating the work functions (WF) of FTO electrodes through molecular dipole moments and energy levels, the perovskite band bends upwards with a small offset for ITO/IDCz‐3/perovskite, thereby promoting hole extraction and blocking electrons. As a result, the inverted PSC employing IDCz‐3 as hole‐collecting layer exhibits a champion PCE of 25.15%, which is a record efficiency for the multipodal SAMs‐based PSCs. Moreover, the unencapsulated device with IDCz‐3 can be stored for at least 1800 h with little degradation in performance.
An Artificial Tactile Perception System with Spatio‐Temporal Recognition Capability
Authors: Yuan Li , Zhao Tingting , Zhang Hao , Liu Hai , Zong Yu , Ding Xingwei , Zhang Jianhua
Published: May 2024

Tactile perception is one of the crucial ways humans interact with their surrounding environment. In recent years, many artificial tactile perception systems that mimic the biological structure have been reported, integrating various pressure sensors and neuromorphic devices. However, current works primarily focus on encoding single‐point pressure information, neglecting the spatio‐temporal information of pressure stimuli, which is important for distinguishing the spatial orientation and pressing sequences. In this study, an artificial tactile perception system capable of sensing, encoding, and learning spatio‐temporal information of pressure stimuli is presented. The system integrates piezoelectric nanogenerators and a multiple‐gate synaptic transistor, serving as the pressure sensing units and information processing unit, respectively. Exploiting the modulation capability of the gate electrode positioned variably relative to the channel on the proton migration, the spatial position and time sequence of the applied pressure can be distinguished through the change of channel conductance. The substantial potential of this system for applications is manifested in pattern lock systems, paving the way for its potential use in innovative tactile information encoding systems, intelligent unlocking systems, and other smart devices.
Amino Acid Sorting Based on Bifurcated Nanochannels with Tunable Surface Charge
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Wu Gensheng , Zhang Yin , Sha Jingjie , Si Wei
Published: May 2024

In modern biology and biomedical engineering, the ability to accurately and efficiently separate and identify different biomolecules from complex biological samples is crucial for applications such as proteomics and cancer diagnostics. This study introduces a pioneering approach to amino acid sorting utilizing bifurcated nanofluidic channels constructed from stacked graphene membranes with tunable surface charges. Leveraging molecular dynamics simulations, periodic switching of an external electric field enables targeted sorting of amino acids with near 100% precision is demonstrated. Moreover, the velocity of sorting can also be controlled by varying surface charge, the strength of the electric field, and the temperature of the system. This approach significantly outperforms traditional methods by offering a rapid, scalable, and cost‐effective solution for analyzing complex biomolecular mixtures. The findings highlight the transformative impact of tunable surface charge in nanofluidics, not only providing breakthrough solutions to biomolecular sorting challenges, but also laying the groundwork for future applications in drug delivery and nanosurgery.
Microfluidic Biochips for Single‐Cell Isolation and Single‐Cell Analysis of Multiomics and Exosomes
Authors: Wang Chao , Qiu Jiaoyan , Liu Mengqi , Wang Yihe , Yu Yang , Liu Hong , Zhang Yu , Han Lin
Published: May 2024

Single‐cell multiomic and exosome analyses are potent tools in various fields, such as cancer research, immunology, neuroscience, microbiology, and drug development. They facilitate the in‐depth exploration of biological systems, providing insights into disease mechanisms and aiding in treatment. Single‐cell isolation, which is crucial for single‐cell analysis, ensures reliable cell isolation and quality control for further downstream analyses. Microfluidic chips are small lightweight systems that facilitate efficient and high‐throughput single‐cell isolation and real‐time single‐cell analysis on‐ or off‐chip. Therefore, most current single‐cell isolation and analysis technologies are based on the single‐cell microfluidic technology. This review offers comprehensive guidance to researchers across different fields on the selection of appropriate microfluidic chip technologies for single‐cell isolation and analysis. This review describes the design principles, separation mechanisms, chip characteristics, and cellular effects of various microfluidic chips available for single‐cell isolation. Moreover, this review highlights the implications of using this technology for subsequent analyses, including single‐cell multiomic and exosome analyses. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects of microfluidic chip technology are outlined for multiplex single‐cell isolation and multiomic and exosome analyses.
A Bioinspired Design of Protective Al2O3/Polyurethane Hierarchical Composite Film Through Layer‐By‐Layer Deposition
Authors: Zhong Jiaming , Wen Zhixiong , Wu Yibo , Luo Hao , Liu Guodong , Hu Jianqiao , Song Hengxu , Wang Tao , Liang Xudong , Zhou Helezi , Huang Wei , Zhou Huamin
Published: May 2024

Structural materials such as ceramics, metals, and carbon fiber‐reinforced plastics (CFRP) are frequently threatened by large compressive and impact forces. Energy absorption layers, i.e., polyurethane and silicone foams with excellent damping properties, are applied on the surfaces of different substrates to absorb energy. However, the amount of energy dissipation and penetration resistance are limited in commercial polyurethane foams. Herein, a distinctive nacre‐like architecture design strategy is proposed by integrating hard porous ceramic frameworks and flexible polyurethane buffers to improve energy absorption and impact resistance. Experimental investigations reveal the bioinspired designs exhibit optimized hardness, strength, and modulus compared to that of polyurethane. Due to the multiscale energy dissipation mechanisms, the resulting normalized absorbed energy (≈8.557 MJ m−3) is ≈20 times higher than polyurethane foams under 50% quasi‐static compression. The bioinspired composites provide superior protection for structural materials (CFRP, glass, and steel), surpassing polyurethane films under impact loadings. It is shown CFRP coated with the designed materials can withstand more than ten impact loadings (in energy of 10 J) without obvious damage, which otherwise delaminates after a single impact. This biomimetic design strategy holds the potential to offer valuable insights for the development of lightweight, energy‐absorbent, and impact‐resistant materials.
Comparative analysis of key fiber characteristics in white Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.): Native accessions from the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Morales‐Aranibar Luis , Rivera Marite Yulisa Nieves , Gonzales Hebert Hernán Soto , Aranibar Carlos Genaro Morales , Gutiérrez Nataniel Linares , Gomez Francisco Gamarra , Zuffo Alan Mario , Aguilera Jorge González , Steiner Fabio
Published: May 2024

The fiber quality of cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) native to the Peruvian Amazon region is one of the most versatile and essential natural fibers in the Peruvian textile industry. There is little information about the fiber quality traits of cotton genotypes native to the Peruvian Amazon region. This study investigated the fiber quality traits of Peruvian Pima cotton accessions native to the Amazon region of the La Convención Province, Cusco, Peru, to determine the lines with the greatest potential for improving fiber quality in cotton genetic breeding programs. A total of 14 cotton accessions with white fiber color, being 12 accessions of G. barbadense L. (Pima cotton) and two accessions of Gossypium sp. (unknown cotton), were analyzed. The fiber properties determined using the high volume instrument method included seven characteristics. All fiber properties were classified into five quality classes. The data on fiber quality properties were subjected to distribution, correlation, and canonical variable analysis. The results of fiber quality properties showed that the two accessions of Gossypium sp. (unknown cotton) can be promising options to be used as high‐quality fiber progenies in crop genetic breeding programs or can be cultivated by regional farmers for the purpose of producing cotton with high fiber quality. Future investigations could utilize other methods of fiber quality analysis and compare the fiber quality of these cotton accessions native to the Peruvian Amazon region with other cotton species grown worldwide to improve the understanding of Pima cotton fiber quality and its applicability in different contexts of the textile industries.
Determining the influence of belonging to a wine protected designation of origin on profitability
Authors: Moreno Gené Jordi , Solé Puiggené Sònia , Gallizo Larraz José Luis
Published: May 2024

To guide consumers, wineries need credible attributes about the quality of their wines and its origin. In Spain, protected designations of origin (PDO) guarantee that the wine has been produced in a certain wine region in accordance with specific and officially regulated quality criteria thus providing elements of guarantee to the consumer. The objective of this work is to determine whether the belonging of a winery to a PDO is positively or negatively related to profitability. This analysis is important because based on its results, managers will have more knowledge to decide whether a winery is interested in joining the regional PDO or not. We performed an empirical study using a random‐effects generalized least squares regression analysis, with a sample of 1182 Spanish wineries, in which we determine the relation between belonging to eight of the major Spanish PDOs and winery profitability. The results show that wineries registered in these PDOs tend to have higher levels of profitability than wineries that have opted to remain outside, with these differences being significant in five of the eight PDOs analyzed. Additionally, the regression model reveals a positive relationship between PDO membership and winery profitability in six of the eight PDOs. Furthermore, the findings suggest that in some of these PDOs small wineries benefit the most from being part of a PDO due to their difficulties in having a recognized brand in the market, while belonging to a PDO seems to be less useful for large wineries that have greater resources to build their own quality brand. On the basis of these findings, the wineries now have more information to decide whether to stay in the PDO, join it, or focus exclusively on developing their own brands [EconLit Citations: L15, L66, Q13].
Tailoring the d‐band centers enables NiM alloy to be multifunctional site for tandem reductive amination
Authors: Gao Zhexi , Zhao Xinxin , Wu Huifang , Zhao Yang , Ma Haoran , Wang Qian , Li Dianqing , Feng Junting
Published: May 2024

Integrating multi‐step reactions through tandem catalysis offers potential for efficient chemical engineering processes, but designing an efficient tandem catalyst is challenging. Herein, we report tailoring the d‐band centers of Ni through alloying with a second metal (M = Fe/Co/Cu/Ga), which enables it to be multifunctional site for tandem reductive amination. A linear correlation of d‐band center with yield of primary amine product was observed. Density functional theory and experiments revealed the upshifted d‐band center strengthened the adsorption of Schiff base intermediate in advantageous di(C&N) mode, also narrowed the adsorption energy gap between NH3 and H2. Furthermore, the multifunctional nanoparticles provide a confined space with short diffusion pathway for NH3* and H* to timely react with Schiff base. As a result, the NiFe/AlOx with a d‐band center nearest to the Fermi level exhibited the highest primary amine yield of 96.2% with five consecutive reusability under extremely low H2 pressure, which is superior to other reported precious‐metal‐based catalysts.
Why religion and spirituality are important in human biological research
Authors: Lynn Christopher D. , Schell Lawrence M.
Published: May 2024

The study of human biology includes exploration of all the genetic and environmental influences on human variation and life history, including impacts of sociocultural and physical environments. Religious practice and spirituality may be one of these influences. There are more than 5.8 billion religiously affiliated adults and children, accounting for 84% of the world's 6.9 billion people. Furthermore, 70% of Americans consider themselves spiritual in some way, including 22% who do not consider themselves religious, and the numbers for Europe are lower but proportionally similar. Such a high rate of religious affiliation and spiritual belief suggests that religion and spirituality could be sociocultural influences on human variation, but human biologists have scarcely attended to their impacts, as indicated by the limited numbers of relevant articles in the two flagship human biology journals. In this article, we discuss why human biologists may have overlooked this important force for human variability and highlight foundational work from human biology and other disciplines that can give our colleagues directions forward. We review the impacts of religion and spirituality at population and individual levels and call for human biologists to attend to the many aspects of religion and spirituality that can impact human biology and are much more than simply influences of denominational affiliation.
Polygenic Risk Scores Validated in Patient‐Derived Cells Stratify for Mitochondrial Subtypes of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Arena Giuseppe , Landoulsi Zied , Grossmann Dajana , Payne Thomas , Vitali Armelle , Delcambre Sylvie , Baron Alexandre , Antony Paul , Boussaad Ibrahim , Bobbili Dheeraj Reddy , Sreelatha Ashwin Ashok Kumar , Pavelka Lukas , J Diederich Nico , Klein Christine , Seibler Philip , Glaab Enrico , Foltynie Thomas , Bandmann Oliver , Sharma Manu , Krüger Rejko , May Patrick , Grünewald Anne ,   the NCER‐PD and COURAGE‐PD Consortia
Published: May 2024

Objective

The aim of our study is to better understand the genetic architecture and pathological mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD). We hypothesized that a fraction of iPD patients may harbor a combination of common variants in nuclear‐encoded mitochondrial genes ultimately resulting in neurodegeneration.

Methods

We used mitochondria‐specific polygenic risk scores (mitoPRSs) and created pathway‐specific mitoPRSs using genotype data from different iPD case–control datasets worldwide, including the Luxembourg Parkinson's Study (412 iPD patients and 576 healthy controls) and COURAGE‐PD cohorts (7,270 iPD cases and 6,819 healthy controls). Cellular models from individuals stratified according to the most significant mitoPRS were subsequently used to characterize different aspects of mitochondrial function.

Results

Common variants in genes regulating Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS‐PRS) were significantly associated with a higher PD risk in independent cohorts (Luxembourg Parkinson's Study odds ratio, OR = 1.31[1.14–1.50], p‐value = 5.4e‐04; COURAGE‐PD OR = 1.23[1.18–1.27], p‐value = 1.5e‐29). Functional analyses in fibroblasts and induced pluripotent stem cells‐derived neuronal progenitors revealed significant differences in mitochondrial respiration between iPD patients with high or low OXPHOS‐PRS (p‐values < 0.05). Clinically, iPD patients with high OXPHOS‐PRS have a significantly earlier age at disease onset compared to low‐risk patients (false discovery rate [FDR]‐adj p‐value = 0.015), similar to prototypic monogenic forms of PD. Finally, iPD patients with high OXPHOS‐PRS responded more effectively to treatment with mitochondrially active ursodeoxycholic acid.

Interpretation

OXPHOS‐PRS may provide a precision medicine tool to stratify iPD patients into a pathogenic subgroup genetically defined by specific mitochondrial impairment, making these individuals eligible for future intelligent clinical trial designs. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:133–149
Reconfiguring the Hydrogen Networks of Aqueous Electrolyte to Stabilize Iron Hexacyanoferrate for High‐Voltage pH‐Decoupled Cell
Authors: Xie Zi‐Long , Zhu Yunhai , Du Jia‐Yi , Yang Dong‐Yue , Zhang Ning , Sun Qi‐Qi , Huang Gang , Zhang Xin‐Bo
Published: May 2024

Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) are promising insertion‐type cathode materials for different types of aqueous batteries, capable of accommodating metal or non‐metal ions. However, their practical application is hindered by their susceptibility to dissolution, which leads to a shortened lifespan. Herein, we have revealed that the dissolution of PBAs primarily originates from the locally elevated pH of electrolytes, which is caused by the proton co‐insertion during discharge. To address this issue, the water‐locking strategy has been implemented, which interrupts the generation and Grotthuss diffusion of protons by breaking the well‐connected hydrogen bonding network in aqueous electrolytes. As a result, the hybrid electrolyte enables the iron hexacyanoferrate to endure over 1000 cycles at a 1 C rate and supports a high‐voltage pH‐decoupled cell with an average voltage of 1.95 V. These findings provide insights for mitigating the dissolution of electrode materials, thereby enhancing the viability and performance of aqueous batteries.
2D Exfoliation Chemistry Towards Covalent Pseudo‐Layered Phosphate Framework Derived by Radical/Strain‐Synergistical Process
Authors: Gu Zhen‐Yi , Cao Jun‐Ming , Li Kai , Guo Jin‐Zhi , Wang Xiao‐Tong , Zheng Shuo‐Hang , Zhao Xin‐Xin , Li Bao , Li Shu‐Ying , Li Wen‐Liang , Wu Xing‐Long
Published: May 2024

2D compounds exfoliated from weakly bonded bulk materials with van der Waals (vdW) interaction are easily accessible. However, the strong internal ionic/covalent bonding of most inorganic crystal frameworks greatly hinders 2D material exfoliation. Herein, we first proposed a radical/strain‐synergistic strategy to exfoliate non‐vdW interacting pseudo‐layered phosphate framework. Specifically, hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH) distort the covalent bond irreversibly, meanwhile, H2O molecules as solvents, further accelerating interlayered ionic bond breakage but mechanical expansion. The innovative 2D laminar NASICON‐type Na3V2(PO4)2O2F crystal, exfoliated by ⋅OH/H2O synergistic strategy, exhibits enhanced sodium‐ion storage capacity, high‐rate performance (85.7 mAh g−1 at 20 C), cyclic life (2300 cycles), and ion migration rates, compared with the bulk framework. Importantly, this chemical/physical dual driving technique realized the effective exfoliation for strongly coupled pseudo‐layered frameworks, which accelerates 2D functional material development.
Efficient Neutral H2O2 Electrosynthesis from Favorable Reaction Microenvironments via Porous Carbon Carrier Engineering
Authors: Jing Lingyan , Wang Wenyi , Tian Qiang , Kong Yan , Ye Xieshu , Yang Hengpan , Hu Qi , He Chuanxin
Published: May 2024

The efficient electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR) in neutral media is undoubtedly a practical route, but the limited comprehension of electrocatalysts has hindered the system advancement. Herein, we present the design of model catalysts comprising mesoporous carbon spheres‐supported Pd nanoparticles for H2O2 electrosynthesis at near‐zero overpotential with approximately 95 % selectivity in a neutral electrolyte. Impressively, the optimized Pd/MCS‐8 electrocatalyst in a flow cell device achieves an exceptional H2O2 yield of 15.77 mol gcatalyst−1 h−1, generating a neutral H2O2 solution with an accumulated concentration of 6.43 wt %, a level sufficiently high for medical disinfection. Finite element simulation and experimental results suggest that mesoporous carbon carriers promote O2 enrichment and localized pH elevation, establishing a favorable microenvironment for 2e− ORR in neutral media. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the robust interaction between Pd nanoparticles and the carbon carriers optimized the adsorption of OOH* at the carbon edge, ensuring high active 2e− process. These findings offer new insights into carbon‐loaded electrocatalysts for efficient 2e− ORR in neutral media, emphasizing the role of carrier engineering in constructing favorable microenvironments and synergizing active sites.
Synthesis of Photoresponsive Fast Self‐healing Polyolefin Composites by Nickel‐Catalyzed Copolymerization of Ethylene and Lignin Cluster Monomers
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Chen Ao , Zou Chen , Chen Changle
Published: May 2024

Polymers may suffer from sudden mechanical damages during long‐term use under various harsh operating environments. Rapid and real‐time self‐healing will extend their service life, which is particularly attractive in the context of circular economy. In this work, a lignin cluster polymerization strategy (LCPS) was designed to prepare a series of lignin functionalized polyolefin composites with excellent mechanical properties through nickel catalyzed copolymerization of ethylene and lignin cluster monomers. These composites can achieve rapid self‐healing within 30 seconds under a variety of extreme usage environments (underwater, seawater, extremely low temperatures as low as −60 °C, organic solvents, acid/alkali solvents, etc.), which is of great significance for real‐time self‐healing of sudden mechanical damage. More importantly, the dynamic cross‐linking network within these composites enable great re‐processability and amazing sealing performances.
Facile Access to Organostibines via Selective Organic Superbase Catalyzed Antimony‐Carbon Protonolysis
Authors: Culvyhouse Jacob , Unruh Daniel K. , Lischka Hans , Aquino Adelia J. A. , Krempner Clemens
Published: May 2024

The selective formation of antimony‐carbon bonds via organic superbase catalysis under metal‐ and salt‐free conditions is reported. This novel approach utilizes electron‐deficient stibine, Sb(C6F5)3, to give upon base‐catalyzed reactions with weakly acidic aromatic and heteroaromatic hydrocarbons access to a range of new aromatic and heteroaromatic stibines, respectively, with loss of C6HF5. Also, the significantly less electron‐deficient stibines, Ph2SbC6F5 and PhSb(C6F5)2 smoothly underwent base‐catalyzed exchange reactions with a range of terminal alkynes to generate the stibines of formulae PhSb(C≡CPh)2, and Ph2SbC≡CR [R=C6H5, C6H4‐NO2, COOEt, CH2Cl, CH2NEt2, CH2OSiMe3, Sb(C6H5)2], respectively. These formal substitution reactions proceed with high selectivity as only the C6F5 groups serve as a leaving group to be liberated as C6HF5 upon formal proton transfer from the alkyne. Kinetic studies of the base‐catalyzed reaction of Ph2SbC6F5 with phenyl acetylene to form Ph2SbC≡CPh and C6HF5 suggested the empirical rate law to exhibit a first‐order dependence with respect to the base catalyst, alkyne and stibine. DFT calculations support a pathway proceeding via a concerted σ‐bond metathesis transition state, where the base catalyst activates the Sb‐C6F5 bond sequence through secondary bond interactions.
piSTING: A Pocket‐Independent Agonist Based on Multivalency‐Driven STING Oligomerization
Authors: Zhuo Shao‐Hua , Wang Tian‐Yang , Zhao Lang , Su Jing‐Yun , Hu Jin‐Jian , Zhao Yu‐Fen , Li Yan‐Mei
Published: May 2024

The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is a potent therapeutic target for innate immunity. Despite the efforts to develop pocket‐dependent small‐molecule STING agonists that mimic the endogenous STING ligand, cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP), most of these agonists showed disappointing results in clinical trials owing to the limitations of the STING pocket. In this study, we developed novel pocket‐independent STING‐activating agonists (piSTINGs), which act through multivalency‐driven oligomerization to activate STING. Additionally, a piSTING‐adjuvanted vaccine elicited a significant antibody response and inhibited tumour growth in therapeutic models. Moreover, a piSTING‐based vaccine combination with aPD‐1 showed remarkable potential to enhance the effectiveness of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapy. In particular, piSTING can strengthen the impact of STING pathway in immunotherapy and accelerate the clinical translation of STING agonists.
Evaluation of novel urethane dimethacrylates as crosslinkers for the development of fracture tough dental materials containing a poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐polydimethylsiloxane‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) triblock copolymer
Authors: Ott Erwan , Fässler Pascal , Grob Benjamin , Rist Kai , Vidal Loïc , Lalevée Jacques , Catel Yohann
Published: May 2024

Photocuring 3D printing of materials exhibiting high fracture toughness and excellent mechanical properties (flexural strength/modulus) is challenging. Nowadays, most of the photocurable 3D printing resins are based on a mixture of multifunctional (meth)acrylates and provide therefore brittle materials. This article describes further developments of a toughening strategy based on the incorporation of block copolymers in low crosslink density methacrylate‐based materials. Six dimethacrylates bearing a bisphenol A core and urethane groups are successfully synthesized. Various spacers between the bisphenol A core and the methacrylate groups are selected. Each monomer is combined with (octahydro‐4,7‐methano‐1H‐indenyl)methyl acrylate as a monofunctional monomer and a poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐polydimethylsiloxane‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) triblock copolymer is added as toughener. It is shown that the addition of the triblock copolymer results for all mixtures in a strong increase of the fracture toughness. Moreover, the higher the amount of monofunctional monomer, the stronger the increase. The nature of the urethane dimethacrylate is found to have a significant influence on the fracture toughness, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of cured materials. Two of the synthesized dimethacrylates are identified as promising candidates for the development of fracture‐tough photocuring 3D printing materials.
Board committees as catalysts: Divulging the impact of nomination and risk management on corporate eco‐innovation and carbon performance
Authors: Zaid Mohammad A. A. , Issa Ayman
Published: May 2024

Drawing on a theoretical integration perspective, this research responds to the latest calls in sustainability accounting by comprehensively exploring the moderating roles of two board sub‐committees: the nomination committee and the risk management committee, in the relationship between corporate eco‐innovation and carbon performance. This study contributes to the current literature in sustainability accounting by utilizing panel data from non‐financial listed firms on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) for the period spanning from 2011 to 2022. To mitigate potential endogeneity bias, various econometric techniques, including instrumental variable modeling, were employed. The robust findings confirm a positive and statistically significant relationship between eco‐innovation and carbon emissions reduction. Moreover, both the nomination committee and the risk management committee emerge as significant moderators of this relationship. These empirical findings hold valuable practical, theoretical, and policy implications for diverse stakeholders seeking a comprehensive understanding of the role of board sub‐committees as effective monitoring tools that support corporate carbon performance by encouraging firms to actively embrace eco‐innovation practices. As a result, our evidence underscores the significance of giving due attention to board sub‐committees when configuring the board's structure and setting expectations for carbon reduction performance.
Effect of culture hydrodynamics on Arthrospira platensis production using a single‐use photobioreactor system through a CFD supported approach
Authors: Demirden S. Furkan , Erdogan Barıs , Öncel Deniz Şenyay , Oncel Suphi S.
Published: May 2024

Laboratory scale conventional single‐use bioreactor was used to investigate the effect of different stirrer speeds on the Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina platensis) culture. Experiments were handled in two steps. First step was the selection of the stirring speeds, which was simulated via using CFD, and the second was the long term cultivation with the selected speed. During 10 days of batches as the first step, under identical culture conditions, stirrer speed of 230 rpm gave higher results, compared to 130 and 70 rpm, with respect to dry biomass weight, absorbance value (AB) and chlorophyll‐a concentration. Volumetric productivity during the growth phase of the cultures were calculated as 0.39 ± 0.03, 0.28 ± 0.01, and 0.19 ± 0.02 g L−1 d−1, from the fast to the slower speeds. According to the results a 17 day batch was handled with 230 rpm in order to monitor the effects on the culture. The culture reached a volumetric productivity of 0.33 ± 0.04 g L−1 d−1. Statistical analysis showed the significance of the parameters related with the stirring speed.
Exploring intercultural sensitivity in bicultural and multicultural Reddit users: The role of both identity (or individual) and contextual (or social) factors
Authors: Mancini Tiziana , Imperato Chiara
Published: May 2024

The Internet has revolutionized communication, enabling interactions between individuals from diverse cultures. This is especially true for social media which encourages participation in millions of online communities on a wide range of topics, such as Reddit. Research has largely neglected the intricate relationship between new media and intercultural issues. This study aims to address this gap by exploring the use experience of bicultural and multicultural individuals on Reddit and investigating the impact of identity‐level (identity categorization, compartmentalization, and integration) and contextual‐level (identification with the online network, online intergroup contact frequency and quality) factors on intercultural sensitivity. A sample of 241 bicultural (n = 90) and multicultural (n = 151) Reddit users (females = 100, 41.49%) participated in the study. Hierarchical regression results showed that both identity‐level and contextual‐level factors significantly contributed to intercultural sensitivity. Specifically, on the identity‐level, integration was positively related to intercultural sensitivity, while compartmentalization was negatively associated with it. Additionally, on the contextual‐level, identification with the online network and high‐quality online intergroup contact were associated with greater intercultural sensitivity. This research highlights the importance of understanding how intercultural dynamics unfold within social media platforms and provides insights for fostering intercultural sensitivity in online communities.