bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microglia-Astrocyte Communication in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Wu Yingying , Eisel Ulrich L.M.
Published: August 2023

Microglia and astrocytes are regarded as active participants in the central nervous system under various neuropathological conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Both microglia and astrocyte activation have been reported to occur with a spatially and temporarily distinct pattern. Acting as a double-edged sword, glia-mediated neuroinflammation may be both detrimental and beneficial to the brain. In a variety of neuropathologies, microglia are activated before astrocytes, which facilitates astrocyte activation. Yet reactive astrocytes can also prevent the activation of adjacent microglia in addition to helping them become activated. Studies describe changes in the genetic profile as well as cellular and molecular responses of these two types of glial cells that contribute to dysfunctional immune crosstalk in AD. In this paper, we construct current knowledge of microglia-astrocyte communication, highlighting the multifaceted functions of microglia and astrocytes and their role in AD. A thorough comprehension of microglia-astrocyte communication could hasten the creation of novel AD treatment approaches.
DESIGNING A COMPREHENSIVE MODEL FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION OF AN OVERPASS BASED ON A SURVEY USING ВIM-TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Kosheviy Oleksandr , Kosheva Victoria , Levkivskyi Dmytro , Yansons Marina , Chubarev Anton , Marchuk Oleksandr
Published: August 2023

The paper presents the main ideas and possibilities of building a comprehensive spatial graph-analytic model for the study and analysis of the stress-strain state, strength, and stability of building structures and architectural objects based on their inspection using BIM technologies. The created integrated model of the structure is used to further make optimal decisions on the selection of design options for the recovery and reconstruction of the overpass and significantly speeds up the design work. The paper presents the results of creating a comprehensive spatial model for the reconstruction of the reinforced concrete overpass № 11a of PAT "MK”Azovstal" in Mariupol based on the visual and instrumental inspection of the overpass condition and conclusions about the strength characteristics of the main supporting structures. Based on the created integrated model, the analysis of the structure's NDC, strength and stability was carried out and design solutions for the reconstruction of the overpass were proposed. Conclusions were drawn for further development of the reconstruction project.
THE PRINCIPLES OF ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING ORGANIZATION OF TEMPORARY SETTLEMENTS FOR INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS IN UKRAINE
Authors: Amosov Iurii , Zinovieva Olena
Published: August 2023

The article deals with the theoretical aspects of the architectural and planning organization of temporary settlements. The materials are devoted to analysis of international theoretical and practical experience in the planning organization of temporary housing for displaced persons in post-conflict and post-catastrophe affected environments. The relevance of the study derives from the actual situation in Ukraine, under armed aggression of the Russian Federation.

The work considers a trend in the architectural and planning organization of temporary housing for displaced persons in the context of strategy of sustainable development as well as a world’s practical experience of planning mobile temporary housing. The objective of the research is to identify the architectural and planning principles of building temporary housing for internally displaced persons in Ukraine and methods of their organization in the post-conflict environment of Ukraine.

Papers analyze a key issues and factors affecting the formation of architectural and planning organization of temporary settlements; main principles of organizing and optimizing the established parameters for the development of temporary housing. The principles of the planning organization of temporary settlements for overcoming the crisis of sustainable development and solving the sustainability problems in the process of rebuilding the post-conflict environment are derived and indicated here.
RELEVANCE OF CIVIL DEFENSE OF POPULATION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN THE CITIES OF UKRAINE
Authors: Pydko Maksym
Published: August 2023

In this research highlight history of civil defense, actuality of providing of civil defense of population in residential building design, normative base they are created, modern state and problematic. Hybrid war and full-scale invasion showed weakness and unpreparedness of cities by civil defense of population. Possible solutions of this problem have to take into consideration modern trends of sustainability, adaptivity of development for fast changing actual reality, contribute to progress of urban spaces and people in conditions of permanent war threats of conflicts, terroristic attacks, natural and technogenic disasters etc. The new requirements for civil defense must take into account the urgent need for sustainable development, be economically feasible, and provide the possibility of multi-purpose use of bomb shelters. A detailed consideration of possible ways to meet these requirements takes into account economic, legal, environmental and social factors.
TO THE CALCULATION OF RING PLATES ON A VARIABLE ELASTIC BASE
Authors: Surianinov Mykola , Krutii Yurii , Kirichenko Dariya , Klimenko Oleksii
Published: August 2023

The article examines the bending of ring plates on a variable elastic base. There are different models of elastic base. The simplest is the Winkler model, or the spring model. For beams on a constant elastic base, this model allows obtaining an exact solution, but not for slabs. The case is even more complicated when the elastic basis is variable. There is no single approach to building a universal analytical solution. Therefore, numerical calculation methods are used in engineering practice. The analytical method of direct integration and computer modeling in PC LIRA-CAD with subsequent calculations by the method of finite elements are used. Two examples are considered: a steel plate, which is rigidly clamped along the inner contour, and its outer contour is hinged, and a concrete slab, which is rigidly clamped along the outer contour, and its inner contour is hinged. The results of the numerical implementation show that the values of deflections when calculated by the author's method and the method of finite elements in PC LIRA-CAD practically coincide, and the difference in the values of bending moments reaches 10%. Moreover, the difference in deflections is manifested only in the fourth (and sometimes in the fifth) sign after the comma. It is noted that the method of direct integration demonstrated very high accuracy when solving numerous test problems that have an exact solution. The authors explain the discrepancy in the values of the bending moments obtained here by the semi-automatic breakdown of the finite-element mesh in PC LIRA-CAD. This statement is based on the fact that when the mesh is thickened in the circumferential direction, the results obtained by the two methods for determining the radial and circumferential bending moments are substantially converged.
ANALYSIS OF OSCILLATIONS OCCURING IN BRIDGE-TYPE CRANE WHEN IT HITS THE END STOPS
Authors: Chovnyuk Yurii , Cherednichenko Petro , Kravchyuk Volodymyr , Ostapushchenko Olga , Kravchenko Igor
Published: August 2023

The “cargo cart – rope – load” system considered, which simulates a bridge-type crane system movement when it hits the end stops. In fact, the load attached to the rope acts as a pendulum dampener of the crane system’s oscillations. Possible normal forms of oscillations in such a system studied. In the system, it is possible to distinguish re-lated (non-local) and localized oscillations forms. In the second case, most of the vi-bration energy is concentrated precisely in the “pendulum dampener” – in the load on the rope (it is considered, that bridge-type crane is functioning in the working mode and there is no unloading). In fact, the localized oscillations form can be favorable for the elastic subsystem’s oscillations damping. Construction of oscillations’ normal forms carried out and their stability investigated.
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN FLIPPED CLASSROOM BERBANTUAN GEOGEBRA PADA MATA KULIAH ANALISIS VEKTOR DITINJAU DARI LOCUS OF CONTROL MAHASISWA
Authors: Fahmy Ahmad Faridh Ricky , Sari Nurul Husnah Mustika , Yuniati Mei , Ramanda Eka
Published: August 2023

Locus of Control is a belief of each individual about something that causes success and failure that occurs in an individual. The purposes of this study are 1) to find out how the implementation of geogebra assisted flipped classroom learning during the covid-19 pandemic; 2) to know the learning outcomes and student activeness in terms of locus of control in the vector analysis course for Mathematics Education IAIN Pekalongan students. This research is a qualitative descriptive purposive sampling to determine the subject. The data collection techniques include (1) questionnaires, (2) interviews, and (3) documentation. Based on the results of the study, it was found that 84% of students gave a positive response to the implementation of geogebra assisted flipped classroom learning. Students with internal locus of control obtained the highest scores in all aspects of the assessment. Have a deeper effort in understanding the material and doing assignments or exams. Students with internal-external locus of control get an average score below that of students with internal locus of control. They already possess more effort and quite active in learning. They tried to optimalize in completing their tasks, but sometimes lack of confidence in his abilities. Students with external locus of control got the lowest scores on all aspects of the assessment. There were not active and also late in collecting the assignments. Lack of effort in understanding the material and directions from lecturers were not concerned well.
Importancia de la Estadificación del Cáncer Colorrectal para Pacientes y Profesionales de la Salud
Authors: Montes-Arcon Pablo Salomón
Published: August 2023

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Spatial Analysis of Tourism Objects and Facilities in Simarjarunjung Natural Tourism Area, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia
Authors: Ambarita Rolasdo , Agus Purwoko  , Thoha Achmad Siddik
Published: August 2023

North Sumatra is one of the provinces in Indonesia that has a wealth of natural resources in the form of natural beauty.  One place whose potential natural beauty stands out is the Simarjarunjung area, which is on the north side of Lake Toba. The purpose of this study was to analyze the spatial distribution of tourist objects, natural tourism amenities, and infrastructure in the Simarjarunjung nature tourism area. This research method uses spatial analysis. There are 11 tourist attractions located in the Simarjarunjung natural tourism area that have the potential to be utilized by the manager for natural tourism activities. My Maps technology from Google is used to facilitate access to information so that it is expected to have a positive impact. One of them is the promotion of tourist attractions so that they can be easily accessed by anyone through online networks. The availability of data on the distribution of tourist attractions, attractions and facilities / infrastructure resulting from this research is expected to be a means to be able to increase visitor access to find out information about tourism contained in Simarjarunjung tourist attractions. Each tourist attraction in the Simarjarunjung area has various attractions and tourist facilities, each of which is the attraction and uniqueness of each tourist attraction
КОНЦЕПЦІЯ FAIR TRADE І ТОРГОВЕЛЬНЕ ПРАВО ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ: СУЧАСНІ ПІДХОДИ ЩОДО РОЗВИТКУ
Authors: Галіахметов І. А.
Published: August 2023

Стаття розглядає за допомогою сучасної методології змістову характеристику процесу втілення концепції fair trade і становлення торговельного права Європейського Союзу, тенденції його розвитку в умовах глобалізації та інтеграційного процесу. Зазначається, що спільна торговельна політика ЄС ґрунтується на уніфікованих принципах, зокрема стосовно змін тарифних ставок, укладання тарифних та торговельних угод, пов’язаних із торгівлею товарами та послугами, а також торговельних аспектів інтелектуальної власності, прямих іноземних інвестицій, досягнення уніфікованості заходів лібералізації, експортної політики та заходів для захисту торгівлі, таких як ті, яких вживають у випадку демпінгу або субсидування. Автором наводяться правові підстави формування, ознаки та уточняється предмет торговельного права ЄС, норми регулювання відносин, що виникають у торгівлі з третіми країнами та регулюють від- носини тільки у сфері товарного обігу – право розповсюдження товарів; взаємне визнання товарів третіх країн та їх допуск (принцип взаємного визнання) до внутрішнього ринку ЄС; спільні вимоги до реалізації певних товарів або для товарів чи аспектів товарів, які не охоплені вичерпно Комбінованою (товарною) номенклатурою ЄС; питання акредитації та здійснення ринкового нагляду, пов’язаних з реалізацією продуктів, та уніфікації захисту прав споживачів на загальноєвропейському рівні. Сучасний розвиток торговельного права ЄС відбувається в умовах дотримання цілей сталого розвитку, розширення торгівлі на більш вільних і справедливих умовах, які розглядаються через призму чотирьох понять: fair trade (справедлива торгівля/торгівля без демпінгу або експортних субсидій/чесна конкуренція), unfair trade practices (нечесні торговельні практики), fair competition (належна компетенція торговця) і level playing field (рівні умови). Автор погоджується з думкою Е. П. Томпсона, що у контексті англійського ринку вісімнадцятого століття концепція справедливої торгівлі використовувалася в якості певного способу розв’язання проблеми ринку. При цьому ця концепція була спрямована передусім на захист прав споживачів.
БУЛІНГ В ЗАКОНОДАВСТВІ РІЗНИХ КРАЇН СВІТУ
Authors: Денисюк М. М.
Published: August 2023

Ця стаття присвячена законодавству щодо булінгу в різних країнах світу. Автори досліджують, яким чином країни визнають та вирішують проблему булінгу, та які юридичні заходи вживаються для боротьби з цією проблемою. Розглянуто історичний розвиток явища булінгу в світі та в Україні. Висвітлено поняття булінгу у законодавствах різних країн та відповідно до українського. Здійснюється порівняльний аналіз законодавства зарубіжних країн щодо боротьби із шкільним насиллям. Звертається увага на законодавче регулювання проблеми булінгу в українських школах. В статті наводиться перелік країн, які на рівні закону протидіють булінгу. Здійснюється аналіз даного законодавства та антибулінгових кампанії, які діють. Досліджено країни, які не криміналізували чи прагнуть криміналізувати діяння булінгу та країн, які не мають загального визначенння насильства в школі. Наводяться приклади законів та програм в різних країнах, таких як Швеція, США, Японія, Велика Британія, Канада, Республіка Філіпіни, Чехія, Республіка Молдова, Африка, Азербайджані, Казахстан. Окремо розглядається законодавство, що стосується насильства в школі в таких країнах, як Греція, Угорщина, Чорногорія, Польща, Румунія. У даній статті наводяться статистичні дані та здійснюється огляд судових процесів пов’язаних із булінгом. Особлива увага приділяється політиці протидії булінгу та захисту учнів, зокрема тих, які належать до сексуальних меншин. Крім того, аналізується ефективність законодавства щодо булінгу, а також наводяться рекомендації щодо їх розробки. Попри велику кількість прийнятих законодавчих актів, антибулінгових програм, які регулють явище насильства в шкільному середовищі, як в різних країнах так і в Україні проблема булінгу досі залишається актуальною по всьому світі. Загалом, стаття дає читачам унікальну можливість ознайомитися зі станом законодавства щодо булінгу в різних країнах світу та дізнатися про юридичні заходи, які можуть бути вжиті для боротьби з цією проблемою.
Factor Accumulation, Total Factor Productivity, Random Shocks and Output Growth in Cameroon
Authors: Kum Muankang Jerome , CletusFonchamnyo Dobdinga
Published: August 2023

The main focus of this paper is to examine the proper channels through which the Cameroon economy can achieve a high output (GDP) growth rate and sustain it over time in order to accelerate her pace of economic recovery. Specifically, the paper attempts to understand the role of the various determinants of GDP and to investigate the role of random shocks (RNDSH) in GDP growth in the Cameroon economy from 1970 to 2015. A maximum likelihood technique (MLT) is used to estimate a trans log stochastic frontier production function in a one stage estimation procedure. The results reveal that GDP growth in the Cameroon economy is promoted by labour and capital, which jointly contribute 68% (47% for labour and roughly 22% for capital) against -22% for total factor productivity (TFP). The results also show that RNDSH impedes the GDP growth of the country at an annual average rate of 9.1% throughout the study period. These results imply that the Cameroon economy needs to focus on labour intensive techniques of production so as to propel GDP growth. This study recommends that more efforts should be invested in human capital development, reduction of inefficiency in production processes, and design of proper mechanisms to minimise the effects of Random shocks in the economy.
Our approach to developing communities of practice to foster research capacities for the adult social care workforce
Authors: Hashem Ferhana , Zhang Wenjing , Mikelyte Rasa , Rajan-Rankin Sweta , Porumb Ecaterina , Trapp Olivia , Towers Ann-Marie
Published: August 2023

Background: Efforts to build and foster adult social care research in England have historically encountered more challenges to its growth and expansion compared with health research, with a sector facing significant barriers in facilitating research activity due to a lack of resourcing, poor valuation or understanding of the profile of social care research. The landscape for supporting research in adult social care has been rather bleak, but in recent years there has been recognition of the need to foster a research community. The National Institute for Health and Care Research in England have committed to investing in social care research capacity by funding six adult social care partnerships, with one based in Southeast England. Process developing Communities of Practice (COPs): Three large online networking events were held in the first year of the project to engage managers and practitioners from the local authority and from the wider adult social care sector. These took place in July and November 2021, with a last event in March 2022. Two COPs were identified, following an ordering and thematising process of feedback from the networking events, of: (a) Supporting people with complex needs throughout the lifespan, and (b) Enhancing, diversifying and sustaining the social care workforce. Whilst it would be premature to identify their long-term impacts, through the facilitation of 20 COP meetings held so far, alongside the engagement platforms and enrichment resources, these have provided a space for regular communication in the sector, knowledge sharing and networking between COP members. Conclusions: The COP framework offers a collaborative approach to initiating research from the grass-roots level in adult social care. This paper focuses on how the COP model offers great promise for knowledge-exchange providing a forum to generate and disseminate knowledge around social care in our two COP domains.
EFFECTS OF DRYING TEMPERATURE ON CURCUMIN AND PIPERINE DISSOLUTION AND THE RELEASE KINETICS OF SOLID DISPERSION-BASED MICROPARTICLES: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: DEWİ Monica Octaviani Tiara , SETYANİNGSİH Dewi
Published: August 2023

Objective: One of the major challenges in developing curcumin as a pharmaceutical agent is its low bioavailability after oral administration. Co-administration of curcumin-piperine combined with employing solid dispersions (SD) approach has been shown to enhance curcumin dissolution and bioavailability. Understanding the influence of the processing temperature during spray drying is crucial in SDs preparations; the purpose of this study is to inquire the effect of inlet temperature spray-dryer on dissolution behavior and the best-fit kinetic model of dissolution itself.
Material and Method: The SD powder was prepared using a spray-drying method by varying the inlet temperature (105°C; 115°C; 125°C) and involved polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a carrier. The SD were prepared at 30% Curcuma longa and 10% Piper nigrum extracts. Yield (%) of the dried powder resulted from the spray drying process was monitored, and dissolution behavior of curcumin and piperine were analyzed using a dissolution efficiency (DE) value. Furthermore, mathematical model describing the release mechanism of curcumin and piperine from the dissolution were evaluated using a DDSolver software.
Result and Discussion: The variation of drying temperature on the spray dryer affects the dissolution behavior and the % yield of the PVA-based SD containing C. longa and P. nigrum extract. The most ideal mathematical model of kinetic release for curcumin and piperine were the Quadratic model, indicating that the mechanism of dissolution is diffusion through a gap between the PVA particle and the surrounding medium.
Reconstructing AMR plasmids
Authors:   , Paganini Julian Andrés
Published: August 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a pressing global concern, posing a significant threat to human health worldwide. Each year, the incidence of infections caused by resistant bacteria continues to rise, imposing a significant challenge for healthcare professionals.
Genes that confer resistance to antimicrobials are frequently encoded by plasmids, extra-chromosomal mobile genetic elements that can be horizontally disseminated across bacteria by diverse mechanisms. Multiple studies suggest that plasmids are essential drivers of the spread of resistance within diverse ecological niches. Consequently, accurate plasmid identification and tracking are necessary to better understand the mechanisms that drive AMR dissemination.
The development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms has allowed the high-throughput study of bacterial genomes with an unprecedented level of accuracy. Nevertheless, due to the frequent occurrence of large repeated elements, bacterial genomes are often fragmented in hundreds of smaller DNA sequences (contigs) of unclear origin (plasmid or chromosome). Consequently, determining the exact sequence of plasmids is challenging.
This study presents a novel two-step computational method for accurately reconstructing AMR-plasmids from bacterial NGS data. In the first step, contigs are classified as chromosomes or plasmids using an ensemble of binary classification tools called "plasmidEC." In the second step, plasmid-derived contigs are binned into individual plasmids using "gplas", a tool that leverages sequencing coverage and assembly graph connectivity. We proved that this method outperforms other existing plasmid-reconstruction tools, when tested in more than 70 different bacterial species. Furthermore, employing plasmidEC and gplas, we traced the dissemination of a tobramycin-resistance-carrying element among diverse Escherichia coli isolates sourced from patients admitted to intensive care units.
Sistem Pendeteksi Kantuk Berbasis Metode Haar Cascade Untuk Aplikasi Computer Vision
Authors: Ramadana Lubis Andi Aqsha , Purnama Sevia Indah , Afandi Mas Aly
Published: August 2023

Setiap orang memerlukan istirahat yang cukup agar dapat menjalankan aktivitas sehari-hari dengan optimal. Istirahat yang tidak cukup memicu kondisi kantuk seseorang. Rasa kantuk dapat mengganggu aktivitas karena adanya penurunan konsentrasi. Kondisi yang berbahaya terjadi ketika pengemudi mengantuk saat mengemudi. Kondisi tersebut dapat dihindari dengan membuat sistem alarm berbasis computer vision. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan kamera dan kecerdasan buatan untuk mendeteksi apakah pengemudi dalam keadaan mengantuk atau tidak. Penelitian ini melakukan perancangan sistem untuk mendeteksi kantuk melalui kondisi mata pada citra wajah berbasis metode Haar Cascade. Sistem dibangun menggunakan total 1.600 dataset citra dan 200 kali pengujian. Hasil dari pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem memiliki tingkat accuracy sebesar 92,5%, tingkat precision sebesar 89,71%, dan tingkat recall sebesar 96%. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa metode haar cascade dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi kondisi mata kantuk berdasarkan masukan gambar dari kamera.
PERFOMATIVITAS GENDER DAN RESPONS PENONTON TERHADAP VIDEO DOKTER TRANSPUAN PERTAMA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sihanani Dyah , Widhiasti Maria Regina
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat respons masyarakat terhadap Alegra Wolter, dokter transpuan pertama di Indonesia, dengan terlebih dahulu memperhatikan performativitas gender Alegra Wolter dalam video YouTube Perjuangan dokter transpuan memberi pelayanan medis tanpa penghakiman yang diproduksi oleh BBC News Indonesia. Umumnya kajian mengenai performativitas transpuan di Indonesia membahas tentang tokoh pada karya fiksi, sedangkan penelitian ini membahas individu transpuan di dunia nyata. Teori performativitas gender oleh Judith Butler digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi identitas gender Alegra Wolter. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode campuran yaitu kualitatif dan kuantitatif sekuensial dengan menggunakan teori encoding/decoding oleh Stuart Hall sebagai alat analisis. Penelitian ini menghasilkan dua temuan. Temuan pertama adalah penonton yang tidak menyukai keberadaan individu transgender di masyarakat Indonesia masih mendominasi. Temuan kedua adalah lebih banyak jumlah penonton yang memberikan dukungan kepada Alegra secara pasif
STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN DIGITAL PADA PELAKU USAHA MIKRO BATIK HASAN DI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Ria Magdalena Elisabeth Charoline , Adibayu Pamungkas Indra Novianto
Published: August 2023

Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah ialah sebuah bidang yang mempengaruhi ekonomi penting Indonesia. Kehadirannya menarik di teliti untuk mengetahui perkembangan pelaku usaha mikro dalam mengikuti kemajuan teknologi yang mengharuskan pelaku usaha mikro melek terhadap teknologi. Kendala yang muncul dalam bisnis UMKM tercakup pada banyak hal mulai dari digitalisasi, strategi komunikasi, konten digital dan juga media pendistribusian seperti platform e-commerce. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi komunikasi pemasaran secara digital yang dilakukan oleh pelaku Usaha Mikro Batik Hasan dalam memperluas target pasarnya. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan interpretatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah strategi komunikasi pemasaran digital yang dilakukan oleh pelaku usaha mikro Batik Hasan berupa informasi yang didalamnya berisikan mengenai deskripsi produk seperti detail produk, penetapan harga, bahan dari batik dan warna yang disediakan serta informasi inti lainnya. Strategi komunikasi pemasaran dengan menggunakan media digital yang dilakukan oleh pelaku usaha mikro Batik Hasan belum maksimal dalam penggunaannya. Terlebih pada media marketplace, karena hanya berfokus pada media sosial Instagram dan WhatsApp. Masih terdapat banyak evaluasi yang perlu dilakukan oleh pelaku usaha mikro Batik Hasan dalam strategi komunikasi pemasaran digital yang dilakukan agar kedepannya strategi yang digunakan dapat lebih optimal sehingga memberikan peningkatan dalam perkembangan UMKM Batik Hasan
GERAKAN LINGKUNGAN DAN PARTAI POLITIK: STUDI TENTANG PERJUANGAN WALHI DALAM PEMBENTUKAN PARTAI HIJAU INDONESIA
Authors: Ahmady Irhash , Ganjar Herdiansah Ari , Al-Banjari Husin
Published: August 2023

Pendirian Partai Hijau Indonesia (PHI) dipandang sebagai kemajuan penting dari green politics politics, suatu gerakan dalam menciptakan tatanan kehidupan berkelanjutan yang berakar pada pelestarian lingkungan, keadilan sosial tanpa kekerasan, dan demokrasi kerakyatan/akar rumput. Artikel ini menganalisis peran dari organisasi gerakan lingkungan, yang dalam konteks ini adalah Wahala Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia (WALHI), dalam mendorong pembentukan PHI yang melibatkan kontestasi ideologi lingkungan di internal WALHI. Penelitian ini dibangun menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan paradigma kritis. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara terhadap tokoh-tokoh WALHI, PHI, dan studi dokumentasi terkait proses pendirian PHI. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa pendirian PHI oleh WALHI berasal dari pemikiran persoalan lingkungan yang terintegrasi dengan politik, ekonomi, sosial dan budaya. Buruknya produk politik dalam urusan tata kelola lingkungan menjadi dasar dan strategis untuk memperkuat green politics di Indonesia. Proses politik tersebut diharapkan melahirkan tata kelola lingkungan yang mengusung nilai-nilai sustainability. Dalam pendirian PHI, WALHI berperan sebagai kelompok kepentingan yang tidak memilih untuk melebur menjadi partai politik. Konsistensi WALHI dalam mempertahankan kedudukannya sebagai organisasi non pemerintahmembuat mereka lebih leluasa dalam melakukan kerja-kerja green politics. Namun, proses tersebut telah melalui serangkaian kontestasi ideologi di kalangan internal WALHI terutama di antara kelompok pro politik praktis dan kelompok pro gerakan lingkungan
IMPLEMENTASI HAL ASASI MANUSIA INTERNASIONAL DALAM PEMENUHAN ASAS MEMBERSHIP OLEH MYANMAR KEPADA ETNIS ROHINGYA
Authors: Mahadevi Ayisha , Arindah Frisca , Mahadana Sandya Jastin , Fajrin Muhammad , Wisnu Nugroho
Published: August 2023

The state is obliged to ensure that every citizen gets basic rights, however, in practice the state can fail to fulfill the basic rights of citizens. In Myanmar, cases of human rights violations have occurred for years, namely cases of human rights violations against the Rohingya. Current developments, the Rohingya are still in refugee camps in Bangladesh, because the Myanmar government has not given a sign to accept the Rohingyas back. The research methodology used is qualitative observation with a literature study approach. The observations used in our research use natural setting theory which aims to explore and explore in depth a meaning or problem. During the time the researcher made observations, the research understood and rewrote material related to important and interesting events or phenomena in the context of our group's research. The Rohingya group experienced discrimination from the government and civil society of Myanmar, namely in the form of restrictions on the right to marry and have children, not providing birth certificates, to destroying school buildings as well as mosques and prayer rooms. Myanmar also has the 1982 Citizenship Act to revoke Rohingya citizenship. Myanmar fulfills two important elements in the Internationally Wrongful Act, namely violations of international obligations and these actions can be attributed to Myanmar. The first settlement effort is through the establishment of the International Criminal Court to reconcile human rights violations. Second, efforts to determine the fate of the Rohingya ethnicity in terms of international law, researchers propose that Myanmar provide a membership principle, so that they gain access to education, the economy, and health or the Myanmar government can provide options for the Rohingya ethnic group to continue to join on condition that they are granted special autonomy or grant independence in a voluntary manner. absolute to them.
Analisis Reflektif pada Pendekatan Neo-institusional dalam Memahami ASEAN sebagai Organisasi Kontraterorisme di regional Asia Tenggara
Authors: Ghiffary Abdurrahman Muhammad Kamil , Saraswati Dini Putri , Nidatya Nurfarah
Published: August 2023

Stabilitas regional Asia Tenggara diuji tidak hanya oleh persaingan Kekuatan Besar global di kawasan ini, tetapi juga oleh berkembangnya kejahatan lintas batas yang berubah, yaitu jaringan terorisme terorganisir. Dalam perspektif Studi Keamanan, dapat dipahami bahwa hambatan-hambatan regional ini dapat berwujud dalam tindakan ekstrem yang dapat lebih mengancam stabilitas keamanan kawasan. Menangani dan mengelola kejahatan lintas batas sulit untuk ditangani secara independen; oleh karena itu, negara-negara anggota ASEAN di kawasan Asia Tenggara bergabung dan membentuk mekanisme keamanan regional melalui ASEAN sebagai sarana kerja sama regional dalam menekan ancaman lintas batas. Namun, banyak studi akademik dalam dekade terakhir masih menilai ASEAN sebagai organisasi keamanan internasional yang cacat, meskipun memiliki prinsip-prinsip dasar dengan pendekatan kolaboratif dalam tugasnya untuk menekan kejahatan terorganisir lintas batas di kawasan ini. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa kesimpulan ini disebabkan oleh sudut pandang dalam menilai efektivitas ASEAN melalui pendekatan neo-institusionalisme. Dengan kata lain, makalah ini berargumen bahwa mengukur efektivitas sebuah institusi berdasarkan keterbatasan dan kepatuhan terhadap aturan-aturan formal atau informalnya diyakini kurang kontekstual untuk mengevaluasi ASEAN dan mekanismenya dalam menghadapi kejahatan terorganisir lintas batas di tingkat regional. Secara keseluruhan, pendekatan neo-institusionalisme tidak sepenuhnya memperhatikan kepentingan politik domestik negara anggota ASEAN sebagai salah satu dari banyak elemen penting dalam pengembangan mekanisme ASEAN dalam menangani kejahatan lintas batas.
Disrupted sleep in dystonia depends on cerebellar function but not motor symptoms in mice
Authors: Salazar Leon Luis E. , Sillitoe Roy V.
Published: August 2023

Although dystonia is the third most common movement disorder, patients often also experience debilitating nonmotor defects including impaired sleep. The cerebellum is a central component of a “dystonia network” that plays various roles in sleep regulation. Importantly, the primary driver of sleep impairments in dystonia remains poorly understood. The cerebellum, along with other nodes in the motor circuit, could disrupt sleep. However, it is unclear how the cerebellum might alter sleep and mobility. To disentangle the impact of cerebellar dysfunction on motion and sleep, we generated two mouse genetic models of dystonia that have overlapping cerebellar circuit miswiring but show differing motor phenotype severity: Ptf1aCre;Vglut2fx/fx and Pdx1Cre;Vglut2fx/fx mice. In both models, excitatory climbing fiber to Purkinje cell neurotransmission is blocked, but only the Ptf1aCre;Vglut2fx/fx mice have severe twisting. Using in vivo ECoG and EMG recordings we found that both mutants spend greater time awake and in NREM sleep at the expense of REM sleep. The increase in awake time is driven by longer awake bouts rather than an increase in bout number. We also found a longer latency to reach REM in both mutants, which is similar to what is reported in human dystonia. We uncovered independent but parallel roles for cerebellar circuit dysfunction and motor defects in promoting sleep quality versus posture impairments in dystonia.
RETRACTED: Application of biosensors in cancers, an overview
Authors: Quazi Sameer
Published: August 2023

The deadliest disease in the world, cancer, kills many people every year. The early detection is the only hope for the survival of malignant cancer patients. As a result, in the preliminary stages of, the diagnosis of cancer biomarkers at the cellular level is critical for improving cancer patient survival rates. For decades, scientists have focused their efforts on the invention of biosensors. Biosensors, in addition to being employed in other practical scenarios, can essentially function as cost effective and highly efficient devices for this purpose. Traditional cancer screening procedures are expensive, time-consuming, and inconvenient for repeat screenings. Biomarker-based cancer diagnosis, on the other hand, is rising as one of the most potential tools for early detection, disease progression monitoring, and eventual cancer treatment. As Biosensor is an analytical device, it allows the selected analyte to bind to the biomolecules being studied (for example RNA, DNA, tissue, proteins, and cells). They can be divided based on the kind of biorecognition or transducer elements on the sensor. Most biosensor analyses necessitate the analyte being labeled with a specific marker. In this review article, the application of distinct variants of biosensors against cancer has been described.
Amidation of glutamate residues in mycobacterial peptidoglycan is essential for cell wall cross-linking
Authors: Shaku Moagi T. , Ocius Karl L. , Apostolos Alexis J. , Pires Marcos M. , VanNieuwenhze Michael S. , Dhar Neeraj , Kana Bavesh D.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Mycobacteria assemble a complex cell wall with cross-linked peptidoglycan (PG) which plays an essential role in maintenance of cell wall integrity and tolerance to osmotic pressure. We previously demonstrated that various hydrolytic enzymes are required to remodel PG during essential processes such as cell elongation and septal hydrolysis. Here, we explore the chemistry associated with PG cross-linking, specifically the requirement for amidation of the D-glutamate residue found in PG precursors.

Methods

Synthetic fluorescent probes were used to assess PG remodelling dynamics in live bacteria. Fluorescence microscopy was used to assess protein localization in live bacteria and CRISPR-interference was used to construct targeted gene knockdown strains. Time-lapse microscopy was used to assess bacterial growth. Western blotting was used to assess protein phosphorylation.

Results and discussion

In Mycobacterium smegmatis, we confirmed the essentiality for D-glutamate amidation in PG biosynthesis by labelling cells with synthetic fluorescent PG probes carrying amidation modifications. We also used CRISPRi targeted knockdown of genes encoding the MurT-GatD complex, previously implicated in D-glutamate amidation, and demonstrated that these genes are essential for mycobacterial growth. We show that MurT-rseGFP co-localizes with mRFP-GatD at the cell poles and septum, which are the sites of cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. Furthermore, time-lapse microscopic analysis of MurT-rseGFP localization, in fluorescent D-amino acid (FDAA)-labelled mycobacterial cells during growth, demonstrated co-localization with maturing PG, suggestive of a role for PG amidation during PG remodelling and repair. Depletion of MurT and GatD caused reduced PG cross-linking and increased sensitivity to lysozyme and β-lactam antibiotics. Cell growth inhibition was found to be the result of a shutdown of PG biosynthesis mediated by the serine/threonine protein kinase B (PknB) which senses uncross-linked PG. Collectively, these data demonstrate the essentiality of D-glutamate amidation in mycobacterial PG precursors and highlight the MurT-GatD complex as a novel drug target.
Hydrogel-based 3D human iPSC-derived neuronal culture for the study of rabies virus infection
Authors: Muangsanit Papon , Chailangkarn Thanathom , Tanwattana Nathiphat , Wongwanakul Ratjika , Lekcharoensuk Porntippa , Kaewborisuth Challika
Published: August 2023

Background

Rabies is a highly fatal infectious disease that poses a significant threat to human health in developing countries. In vitro study-based understanding of pathogenesis and tropism of different strains of rabies virus (RABV) in the central nervous system (CNS) is limited due to the lack of suitable culture models that recapitulate the complex communication pathways among host cells, extracellular matrices, and viruses. Therefore, a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture that mimics cell-matrix interactions, resembling in vivo microenvironment, is necessary to discover relevant underlying mechanisms of RABV infection and host responses.

Methods

The 3D collagen-Matrigel hydrogel encapsulating hiPSC-derived neurons for RABV infection was developed and characterized based on cell viability, morphology, and gene expression analysis of neuronal markers. The replication kinetics of two different strains of RABV [wild-type Thai (TH) and Challenge Virus Standard (CVS)-11 strains] in both 2D and 3D neuronal cultures were examined. Differential gene expression analysis (DEG) of the neuropathological pathway of RABV-infected 2D and 3D models was also investigated via NanoString analysis.

Results

The 3D hiPSC-derived neurons revealed a more physiologically interconnected neuronal network as well as more robust and prolonged maturation and differentiation than the conventional 2D monolayer model. TH and CVS-11 exhibited distinct growth kinetics in 3D neuronal model. Additionally, gene expression analysis of the neuropathological pathway observed during RABV infection demonstrated a vast number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 3D model. Unlike 2D neuronal model, 3D model displayed more pronounced cellular responses upon infection with CVS-11 when compared to the TH-infected group, highlighting the influence of the cell environment on RABV-host interactions. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment of DEGs in the infected 3D neuronal culture showed alterations of genes associated with the inflammatory response, apoptotic signaling pathway, glutamatergic synapse, and trans-synaptic signaling which did not significantly change in 2D culture.

Conclusion

We demonstrated the use of a hydrogel-based 3D hiPSC-derived neuronal model, a highly promising technology, to study RABV infection in a more physiological environment, which will broaden our understanding of RABV-host interactions in the CNS.
The complexity of situated text design: a negotiation between standardization and spoken language in a manufacturing company
Authors: Carlsson Anna-Lena , Svensson Harari Natalia
Published: August 2023

In information design textbooks, text design is mostly understood as typography and layout. The meaning-making process of language, involving social interaction that affects language, is rarely acknowledged. Instead, texts are supposed to be “clearly” written. In this research article, we argue that the understanding of text design could benefit from also addressing text production and use situated amid social activity. This article presents a study on a text design process partly based on spoken language and owned by assembly operators in a workplace. Capturing the spoken dialogue and transforming it into instructive texts resembling transcripts are essential steps in securing the best practices for the smallest tasks in manual assembly, the minima of working, which is crucial for manufacturing. Our aim within the information design field is 2-fold: To underline the meaning-making process in language as a social phenomenon and to show that the situated design perspective, i.e., an outlook that highlights the uniqueness of the setting, can be important for the production and use of certain texts, such as instructions, and for affecting language. We asked ourselves: What are the consequences for the information design field when meaning-making in a language is understood as being socially situated in an activity? We have studied a design process and used observations, interviews, and text analysis to gather data. The result showed that the workers' ownership of text documents is crucial for the texts' use, yet the texts used do not meet the standard of information design textbooks. Moreover, the design of the text involves a continuous and non-linear collective negotiation that balances standardization in language and work procedures with the incorporation of operators' linguistic improvements. We unfold a case of text design where there is a closeness of designer and user roles, a non-linearity of the process, and an understanding of an information design product as becoming rather than having been finalized for use.
A three-state language competition model including language learning and attrition
Authors: Scialla Stefano , Liivand Jens-Kristjan , Patriarca Marco , Heinsalu Els
Published: August 2023

We develop a three-state agent-based language competition model that takes into account the fact that language learning and attrition are not instantaneous but occur over a finite time interval; i.e., we introduce memory in the system. We show that memory effects significantly impact the dynamics of language competition. Furthermore, we find that including heterogeneity in the linguistic skills of the agents affects the results substantially. We also explore the role of other factors, such as different levels of language learning difficulty, initial population fractions, and daily interaction rates.
Propagation characteristics and control technology of blasting vibration in neighborhood tunnel
Authors: Qin Zixiu , Zhao Yihan , Chen Lu , Cao Hongtao , Zeng Ling , Jiao Wencan , Xu Hong
Published: August 2023

During the tunnel construction process using the drilling and blasting method, the induced blasting vibration always poses a great threat to the stability and safety of the adjacent tunnel supporting structure. To improve the efficiency and safety of tunnel blasting construction, the vibration propagation and peak particle velocity (PPV) distribution of the lining of an excavated tunnel were investigated during the blasting of an adjacent tunnel located in Guangxi province. The evolution process and distribution characteristics of the PPV of the lining of adjacent tunnels were monitored and analyzed. The results show that the maximum blasting vibration velocity of the lining of the adjacent tunnel can be shown as: PPVx > PPVz > PPVy; hence, the PPVx plays a significant role in the vibration of the adjacent tunnel. According to the tensile stress failure criterion, the PPV threshold was determined to be 12.7 cm/s in this study. To control the damage of surrounding rock induced by the blasting vibration, compound wedge-shaped cutting technology, stress wave dislocation superposition technology, and pre-splitting blasting technology were employed to reduce the impact of blasting vibration on the excavated tunnel.
The utility of the Upper Triassic conodont Primatella in Tethyan-Panthalassan correlation around the Carnian-Norian boundary
Authors: Orchard Michael J.
Published: August 2023

The Upper Triassic conodont genusPrimatellais important for recognizing the Carnian-Norian stage boundary in Panthalassan and Tethyan domains. Originally based on Canadian material from Black Bear Ridge in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, two key species are highlighted, and their occurrence is documented in the allochthonous Wrangellia and Alexander terranes in the North American Cordillera; in the Great Basin in Nevada, western United States; at Pizzo Mondello, Sicily, in western Tethys; and in Timor-Leste on the southeastern margin of the Meso-Tethys Ocean (northeastern Gondwana). The correlation potential ofPrimatellaspecies is compromised by a differing nomenclature employed in Tethyan regions of Europe wherePrimatellaspecies have been assigned to other genera, namely,Ancyrogondolella(formerlyEpigondolella),Carnepigondolella, andMetapolygnathus. This has obscured phyletic relationships and impacted the stratigraphic utility of two demonstrably cosmopolitan species,P. asymmetricaandP. bifida. These species are shown to occur widely in a variety of paleoenvironments and have a restricted stratigraphic range around the CNB for which they can be adopted as useful indices.