bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential for development beef cattle in the Agro Techno Park Guguak, West Sumatra-Indonesia
Authors: Aldillah R , Rachmawati R R , Muslim C , Yaumidin U K
Published: May 2023

The Agro Techno Park (ATP) area was built with the aim of facilitating research, education, dissemination and acceleration of the transfer of agricultural technology produced by government agencies, universities and collaboration with other multi actors. The concept developed in the Guguak Agro Techno Park (ATP) area is an integrated agricultural model that integrates agriculture and animal husbandry, especially beef cattle with food crops. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the potential for beef cattle development in the Guguak Agro Techno Park (ATP) area. This research was conducted in the Agro Techno Park (ATP) area, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra in 2021. The research was conducted using data collection methods through brainstorming with the Guguak Agro Techno Park (ATP) manager, livestock researchers, other livestock actors and data analysis secondary. Data analysis used SWOT analysis for the preparation of beef cattle development strategies and a series of quantitative calculations for resource analysis. Based on the results of research on beef cattle development strategies in the Agro Techno Park (ATP) area, it has strengths and opportunities, such as optimizing the use of Agro Techno Park (ATP) as a means of education and disseminating livestock technology innovations to support the development of beef cattle in the Agro Techno area. Park (ATP) and optimizing the use of agricultural crop waste, especially food crops as animal feed, which can overcome the problem of lack of feed availability.
Using open data to analyse potential shelter for Semeru Volcano hazard mitigation, East Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Wiguna P P K , Permatasari A L , Kurnia E T
Published: May 2023

This paper analyses the usage of open data for planning shelters related to the volcanic hazard posed by Semeru Volcano, Lumajang Regency. The methodology involved open data collecton, spatial data creation and spatial analysis to determine a potential shelter location. Shelter related to Semeru Volcano eruption is based at schools and religious facilities. There are 627 schools, of which 612 (97.61%) are located outside the Semeru Volcano disaster hazard-prone area. There are also 649 religious facilities, of which 622 (95.8%) are located outside the hazard-prone area. Only 48 schools (7.84%) and 36 religious facilities (5.79%) are located within 20 meters of a main road. Others are located within 20-100 meters from a main road or even further. Of the total 48 schools located within 25 meters of a main road, 26 (54.17%) are less than 1 km from health facilities, while ten schools (20.83%) are located 1-2 kilometers away from health facilities. Meanwhile, of the 36 religious facilities located within 25 meters of the main road, only 13 (3.12%) are located less than 1 km away from health facilities, and ten religious facilities (27.76%) are located 1-2 kilometers from health facilities.
Customary forest designation policy a realization of sustainable development goal achievements in Indonesia (study of indigenous peoples in Lebak regency Banten)
Authors: Mayastuti A , Purwadi H
Published: May 2023

Indigenous peoples’ success in preserving their natural environment has been tested and verified throughout generations and achieved without any prohibition against the community to take advantage of the environment as a source of livelihood. Supporting indigenous peoples to control, sustainably manage, and derive benefits from forests can go a long way in solving the problems of climate change, loss of biodiversity and culture, and food insecurity. This study seeks to place the Constitutional Court Decision No. 35/PUU-X/2012 as a policy basis for establishing customary forests as an environmental protection and preservation effort by taking into account the rights and roles of indigenous peoples and local communities through the application of traditional knowledge values and local wisdom to achieve Indonesia’s Sustainable Development Goals in managing forests. This study uses a normative juridical approach with qualitative data analysis to provide an overview of the recognition and designation of customary forests. The results showed that the process of establishing customary forests is a form of recognition and protection of the rights of indigenous peoples which has been started by including customary forests in the design of forest management in Indonesia, which is carried out without changing the function of the forest.
Utilization of plastic bottles and fiber mask in eco-friendly concrete mixtures
Authors: Kurnianingsih Oktavia , Canggih Gilang Pradana H.S , Rahmi Ardia Tiara , Pratiwi Kholis Hapsari , Legowo Slamet Jauhari
Published: May 2023

Eco-friendly concrete uses less waste material which has less negative impact on the environment. This research utilizes PET plastic bottles and masks as a substitute for aggregate in concrete. The aim is to find out whether the compressive strength of eco-friendly concrete meets the requirements of structural concrete. The method used is planning mix design on seven samples, one sample of normal concrete and six samples of concrete with replacement of aggregate composition. Samples with aggregate replacement were designed from variations of 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% by weight of cement and PET plastic bottles with composition variations of 5% and 10% of coarse aggregate. The test results of the average compressive strength of concrete for 28 days are 235 KN/m2 for normal concrete; 117 KN/m2, 85 KN/m2; 149 KN/m2; 64 KN/m2, 42 KN/m2 and 21 KN/m2. The highest average compressive strength was obtained at 149 KN/m2 but did not reach the design compressive strength of 235 KN/m2. It can be concluded that the use of substitute aggregates from PET plastic bottles and masks did not get concrete results that match the compressive strength of the plan, but the concrete still meets the requirements for the compressive strength of low-strength structural concrete.
Improving the DiD concept in nuclear energy technology to eliminate the potential for NPP disasters through an environmental approach
Authors: Santosa Haryono , Hadi Muhammad , Imardjoko Yudi
Published: May 2023

The concept of defense in depth is the mainstay of nuclear energy technology to overcome potential environmental disasters from its power plants. The engineering approach dominates this concept, thus placing the environment as a receiving factor for the success or failure of the approach. The question of the reasons for this situation arises together with the question of how environmental approaches can play a role in the concept. An ethnographic study on the development and application of this concept was carried out through a content analysis of the literature. The results of the study indicate that there is an assumption that the prevention of environmental radioactive disasters will be achieved by reducing the frequency of severe accidents, the environment will be protected if humans are safe and there is not enough environmental and pollution approach to be applied to the concept. This study recommends the need for further studies on the capacity of the environment to accept radioactive contaminants and measures the suitability of nuclear power plants with their environment.
Students’ perception of the green school program: an evaluation for improving environmental management in schools
Authors: Hidayat A , Utomowati R , Nugraha S , Amanto B S , Adiastuti A , Astirin O P
Published: May 2023

Green school is a school that encourages students and the school community to have environmentally caring attitudes and behaviors in daily activities both at school and where they live. At a further stage, the green school program also seeks to integrate environmental aspects into learning according to the learning topic or in what is termed a green curriculum. In Indonesia, a green school program was known as the adiwiyata program. The purpose of this study was to analyze how students perceive green schools. The research was conducted at SMA N 3 Surakarta, one of the national green schools in Surakarta. The research method was carried out with a quantitative approach with a questionnaire-based survey of 171 students. The results showed that most green school students state that their school has implemented four criteria of the green school program, namely the existence of environmentally friendly policies, implementation of an environmentally-based curriculum, participatory-based environmental activities, and management of ecologically friendly supporting facilities. The school management has been carried out by the principles of sustainable environmental management, such as providing green open spaces, waste management, reducing the use of single-use plastics, making biopore infiltration holes, and others.
Negative impact of some fungicide applications on Trichoderma harzianum as biocontrol agent of shallot moler disease
Authors: Supyani  , Hadiwiyono  , Poromarto SH , Spriyadi  , Permatasari FI
Published: May 2023

Chemical control is still a mainstay for some farmers in shallot center areas such as in Brebes, Central Java. Applications of fungicides that are carried out in these areas are very intensive and are carried out periodically every 3-5 days. The application of fungicides that are too intensive can certainly have a negative impact on functional microbes including biological disease control agents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the negative impact of the application of several brands of fungicides on the efficacy of T. harzianum as a biological control agent for red onion mole. Experiments were carried out in the field and in the laboratory. The results of the field experiment showed that the combined application of T. harzianum and fungicide did not increase the efficacy of a single application. While the results of laboratory tests with application doses in the field can inhibit the growth of colonies and germination of T. harzianum. Brand-B with active ingredients Carbendazim 12% and Mancozeb 63% can inhibit colony growth and germination 100%.
Analysis of landslide susceptibility in Tirtomoyo Watershed, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Deristani A , Mujiyo  , Hidayat A
Published: May 2023

Landslide susceptibility is a measure to express the high or low probability of an area experiencing a landslide disaster which has an impact on the community which is very necessary for disaster mapping of the Tirtomoyo Watershed including Tirtomoyo. From 2014 to 2022, the Tirtomoyo Watershed experienced 147 landslides which caused material losses and casualties. The aspect of landslide disaster assessment in the watershed is very basic to reduce the risk of loss. This study aims to map landslide-prone areas. The research method uses scoring to analyze the level of landslide vulnerability and analysis of land units. The Tirtomoyo Watershed has a low landslide vulnerability potential of 119 hectares, a moderate landslide vulnerability of 2,395 hectares, a high landslide vulnerability of 18,946 hectares, and a very high landslide vulnerability of 373 hectares.
Regional convergence of environmental quality in Indonesia: an empirical spatial analysis
Authors: Irawan E
Published: May 2023

This study aims to determine the extent to which the convergence of environmental quality in 34 provinces in Indonesia by considering spatial dependence between one province and another. The data are drawn from the environmental quality index of 34 provinces and processed using spatial econometric methods. The results of the study revealed the existence of convergence and strong spatial dependence. The implication is that changes in environmental quality originating in one province can spillover into surrounding provinces, potentially complicating the transitional dynamics of the convergence process.
Nipah (Nypa fruticans): can it be a renewable alternative energy source?
Authors: Eddy S , Setiawan A A , Zaharaini  , Utomo B , Oktavia M
Published: May 2023

Nipah (Nypa fruticans) grows naturally in the mainland zone in mangrove forests, but it can invade all disturbed mangrove forest zones as happened in the Air Telang Protected Forest (ATPF). Nipah has not been widely used by the community and industry to make certain products. This study aims to examine the potential of the nipah fruit shell and fiber in producing renewable energy. The method used in this research is an experimental method by making charcoal briquettes from the shell and fiber of nipah fruit to be tested based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). Nipah fruit samples were taken from ATPF and then treated into briquettes in the laboratory. The results of the charcoal briquettes test showed that the moisture content, ash content, density and compressive strength met the SNI requirements, but the calorific value was still below the SNI requirements. These results indicate that charcoal briquettes from nipah fruit have the potential to be used as a renewable energy source through a more appropriate treatment for increasing the heating value.
Urban tourism expansion monitoring by remote sensing and random forest
Authors: Andyana IWS , As-syakur AR , Sunarta IN , Suyarto R , Diara IW , Susila KD , Saifulloh M , Kusmiyarti TB , Wiyanti W
Published: May 2023

Tourism and urban areas experienced rapid development at the beginning of the 21st century. This condition is caused by natural, cultural, and artificial tourist destinations and adequate infrastructure support. Tourist destinations in urban areas add to urbanization because apart from being the center of government, trade, and industry, it is also a tourist destination that can attract tourists. Monitoring the development of urban tourism is carried out in the cities of Denpasar and Bali, as well-known destinations at the world level. The development of the urban area can be detected through multi-temporal and multispectral remote sensing imagery in combination with machine learning technology. This study aims to determine the spatial distribution of urban tourism development from 2013 to 2021. This study uses remote sensing and machine learning methods with the Random Forest (RF) algorithm on Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing. The RF algorithm is one of the non-parametric classification algorithms which is widely applied in remote sensing data classification because of its insensitivity to excessive noise and training data and its good performance. The material used is Landsat 8, especially on the Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensor. The result showed that integrating remote sensing, GEE cloud computing, and machine learning, especially the RF algorithm, effectively monitors urban tourism expansion. The overall accuracy of the RF model with simple training data is above 90%. We found that within nine years, vegetated land was changed into an urban area of 20.23 km2. For this reason, special attention is needed from the government to make regulations on spatial planning and control over land conversion so that there will still be green open spaces in the future.
Social cash assistance for food security during a disaster: lesson learned from Indonesia
Authors: Susantyo B , Habibullah H , Irmayani NR , Erwinsyah RG , Nainggolan T , Sugiyanto S , Rahman A , Arifin J , As’adhanayadi B , Nurhayu N
Published: May 2023

There was a change in the environment and food security threat during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many countries, including Indonesia, are forced to allocate funds to reduce the risk of this disaster. The Government Republic of Indonesia, through the Ministry of Social Affairs, has launched a Social Cash Assistance Program for 10 million families affected by COVID-19. This study aims to identify how families affected by COVID-19 take advantage of this social cash assistance. The study was conducted on the beneficiaries of social assistance, in cash transfer of IDR 600,000 (USD 40), per month, for three months. This study involved 2290 beneficiaries as respondents spread across 12 provinces. The sampling technique was the Cohen Manion Morrison Table by proportional stratified random sampling. The findings show that (1) 99% of cash assistance is used for basic needs, especially for food, and (2) cash assistance could be used for basic needs for around two to three weeks, thereby strengthening food security. Recommendations are submitted based on the results of this study related to social cash assistance and food security. The first is that this assistance still needs to be continued until the COVID-19 pandemic is over. It is to help families affected by the COVID-19 pandemic meet their daily needs. Second, most respondents do not have a fixed income during the pandemic, so providing capital and business startups are needed to increase family income sustainably to maintain food security.
Measuring the economic impact of landslide hazard: hedonic price approach
Authors: Saptutyningsih Endah , Dewanti Diah Setyawati
Published: May 2023

One of the main climate-related disasters in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, is landslides, which result in slope degradation through soil loss. The largest number of landslides was recorded in Kulonprogo regency. In the Samigaluh sub-district, where recent landslides resulted in the biggest number of displaced persons, this study seeks to determine the economic impacts of landslides. For this investigation, we used primary data gathered using a questionnaire. The systematic random sampling was utilized to choose households in the villages. The study uses a total of 300 residential households that were interviewed in landslide prone area of Samigaluh sub-district of Kulonprogo, Indonesia. The age of building, number of rooms, and building size as structural characteristic has correlation with property price, respectively. As shown by the hedonic pricing approach’s finding, there is a positive association between property price and the distance to landslide point as characteristic of neighborhood. The distance to the river was also have impact on the property price. More frequent the landslide, higher the property price. The findings of this study can assist property owners in understanding the elements that contribute to property devaluation as a result of landslides. Since landslides are a serious issue for real property owners, this study also suggests that landslide insurance programs be developed.
Youth perception on climate change: a study in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Perwithosuci Winny , Chayyani Nuri Resti , Abidin Ali Zainal
Published: May 2023

Climate change has been an international issue and a current problem. Most studies focus on adapting to and mitigating climate change’s effects. However, few studies emphasize the public’s perception of climate change. Meanwhile, increasing the public’s understanding of climate change is important, especially for the youth. It is essential due to the demographic bonus that will happen in 2030 in Indonesia. Understanding climate change from a young age is expected to reduce more severe environmental damage. This study aims to explore the perception of youth about climate change. This study employed a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. This current study utilizes primary data based on a questionnaire with certain criteria. The results revealed that most of youth in Central Java are aware to the climate change. Furthermore, the youth also believe that the climate change do affect economic growth. The findings surely add to the literature on climate change perception, especially among the youths in Indonesia.
Annual flow trend analyses in the Tuntang watershed caused by Kedungsepur national strategic area development
Authors: Abiy F , Hanifah N H , Mawandha H G , Setyawan C , Kesuma L M , Rulisyani D S
Published: May 2023

Tuntang watershed is one of the national priority watersheds in the Jratunseluna river basin that has a big potential for water availability. The development of a national strategic area in the Tuntang watershed causes changes in land cover in the Tuntang watershed which can result in reduced water catchment areas. The purpose of this study was to simulate the effect of land change on annual discharge trends in the Tuntang watershed and analyze the water balance projection based on land change. This study uses land cover data for the Tuntang watershed in 2019 and land cover for the Kedungsepur National Strategic Area (KSN) development plan. Daily rainfall data for 11 years from 2010 to 2020 was obtained through the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite and validated using data from 7 rain stations located in the Tuntang watershed. Meanwhile, evapotranspiration data was obtained through the Global Land Data Assimilation System. In addition, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), flow accumulation, and direction flow data obtained through HydroSHEDS are used to provide information on the surface shape of the Tuntang watershed. Then the data that has been obtained is used as input for the simulation of the spatial hydrological model to determine the annual discharge in the Tuntang watershed using the Rainfall-runoff-inundation (RRI) model. The result of this simulation is an annual discharge for 11 years. Furthermore, a comparison is made between the flow rate of land cover map input in 2019 with land cover input for Kedungsepur KSN development. Based on the result, it is known that there has been a change in the area of the water absorption region in the development of the Kedungsepur KSN, this change has resulted in an increased extreme discharge trend and reduced annual water flow in the Tuntang watershed region.
Application of klassen typology in the pattern of environmental carrying capacity and its role in regional economic development
Authors: Nihayah Dyah Maya , Mafruhah Izza , Hakim Lukman
Published: May 2023

Each region in Indonesia has unique characteristics, resource availability, and resource resilience. In this aspect, resilience refers to a system’s capacity to absorb disruptions without losing stability. Environmental carrying capacity demonstrates the necessity of environmental resilience for economic activity. The objective of the study was to determine how the environmental carrying capacity would be spread across Indonesia between 2013 and 2019. The Klassen typology analysis approach takes into account the endogenous characteristics through the environment’s ability to promote regional economic growth. The findings indicate that just 26% of provinces have the environmental carrying capacity to operate efficiently. It was apparent from the high per capita income growth rate and good environmental capacity. Many provinces have not managed their economic affairs in a way that has improved the well-being of the people. Policy priorities can be modified to align their designation with the relevant area classification. Moreover, good coordination and collaboration are required to preserve and enhance the environment, particularly between provincial and municipal governments.
Mario Bellatin
Authors: Jaimes Héctor
Published: May 2023

Mario Bellatin is one of the most fascinating contemporary Mexican writers and, at the same time, one of the most challenging for the reader. If in part the interest in this writer lies in the textual quality that readers find in his novels, since many of them are comprised of fragments and discontinuous and surprising narrative threads, the challenge for the reader is to discover a literary or aesthetic logic, since through a succinct but precise style, Bellatin manages to create dystopian and unusual scenes and stories. In addition, he makes a clear distinction between “literature” and “writing,” which adds a degree of complexity to his texts, since because of this, reading becomes a theoretical, mental, and experiential exercise. For Bellatin, writing prevails over and overlaps with literature, thus providing his writing with an almost mythical quality, and, by the spiritual aspect that we find in it, also mystical. Likewise, Bellatin not only transcends the literary aspect by emphasizing through his practice that writing is creation and performance, but also, by incorporating spectacular and artistic photographs, produces an appealing aspect of transmediality. Beauty Salon, one of his first novels, has become a cult novel and a symbolic axis through which several of his recurrent themes are connected, that is: transgression of spaces and meanings; mutating bodies; transvestites; homosexuality; but also body politics, pain, and an implicit critique of society in general.
Opportunities and Drawbacks for Alpine Tourism Under Climate Change
Authors: Prettenthaler Franz , Neger Christoph
Published: May 2023

Alpine tourism both contributes to the generation of greenhouse gases and suffers the consequences of climate change. This has been apparent in many destinations since the late 20th century and will exacerbate further in the future. It will particularly affect the winter season, which relies heavily on snow-based activities. Since the early 21st century, these effects have largely been dealt with by the use of artificial snowmaking, which will remain an important tool for alpine tourism destinations, despite increasing efforts and costs. The effects of climate change will not be ubiquitous but, rather, will impact low-lying and less prepared resorts first, whereas those in higher elevations and with the necessary infrastructure might even benefit in the short term by shifts in tourist flows away from less attractive sites. Long term, however, climate change is a serious issue for all alpine winter sports destinations, particularly because customers might lose interest in winter activities.

Regarding summer tourism, the future looks brighter, and many authors even expect an increase in tourism as other areas such as the Mediterranean become less attractive. Yet other researchers are skeptical of setting too high hopes in these projections because the situation is much more complex than assumed in many models and scenarios, considering for instance the distinct temperature preferences of visitors practicing different tourism activities. The uncertainties regarding the future of alpine tourism are even greater when climate policy, directed toward the mitigation of climate change, is taken into account as well. In this regard, to date there have been no significant impacts, but this might change under future, more extreme climatic conditions, which could lead to bolder policy actions. Moreover, consumers might change their travel preferences, favoring less carbon-intensive alternatives.
Social Medicine and the Social Sciences in Latin America: Conceptual Tensions for the Transformation of Public Health in the 20th Century
Authors: Castro Arachu
Published: May 2023

The development of public health in Latin America during the 20th century combined, early on, the social medicine framework on the social, political, and environmental origins of disease with the contributions of medical anthropological fieldwork. Despite the hegemony of the medical model, the surge of the preventive medicine framework further legitimized the involvement of social scientists in the study of the multicausality of disease. However, the limitations brought by the preventive medicine model’s lack of historical and political contextualization gave way to the Latin American social medicine movement, which was grounded in historical materialism, and the development of both critical epidemiology and critical medical anthropology.
The Book of Isaiah
Authors: Stromberg Jacob
Published: May 2023

The book of Isaiah is perhaps best known through its long history of reception in descriptions of Jesus as the Messiah of Israel, beginning with the New Testament. In the Hebrew Bible, the book of Isaiah begins with the latter prophets. There, it is followed by Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the book of the Twelve (the minor prophets). Together, these books portray the messages and activities of the prophets of ancient Israel from the period of the late divided monarchy during the rise of the Assyrian Empire through the era of Babylonian domination and on into the Persian period, when, beginning with the rise of the Persian king Cyrus, there arose the opportunity for return to the land and a restoration of what had been lost. Standing at the head of this prophetic collection, the book of Isaiah straddles this entire history. The first half of the book portrays the fate of the northern kingdom of Israel and that of the southern kingdom of Judah in the days of Isaiah the prophet under the power of the Assyrians, whereas the second half of the book looks forward to days beyond the prophet, to restoration and renewal after the fall of Babylon at the hands of King Cyrus.

Known as the latter prophets, this collection of books follows the primary history of the Hebrew Bible, a sequence there divided up into “the Torah” and “the former prophets” (Genesis–Deuteronomy and Joshua–2 Kings, respectively). Beginning with the creation of the world and the story of the garden of Eden, this primary history came to be the context within which the message of the prophet Isaiah was understood. Thus, the book of Isaiah ends with an evocation of the “messianic” hopes of Isaiah 11 alongside the expectation for a new creation and the punishment of that serpent, who was to eat dust because of his role in the fall of the first humans (Gen. 1:1; 3:14; Isa. 11:6–9; 65:17–18, 25; 66:22).

In the modern era, scholarship turned its attention to reconstructing various aspects of the history behind the book of Isaiah and its place in the Hebrew Bible. Initial efforts focused on reconstructing the authentic words of the prophet himself in their genuine historical context within the cultures of the ancient Near East and the various streams of ancient Israelite tradition. In the early 21st century, this interest has been joined by robust efforts at understanding the process that saw the words of the prophet turned into a book related to the Hebrew Bible more broadly.
Norwegian
Authors: Nesse Agnete
Published: May 2023

Norwegian is mainly spoken in Norway and is represented in writing by two written languages, Bokmål (90%) and Nynorsk (10%). Both would work well as a written standard for the whole country but are to some extent regionally distributed. The distribution is partly based on the dialects and their likeness to one of the two written standards, and partly on tradition and ideology. There is no codified standard spoken Norwegian, so in formal settings the choice is either to approximate to one of the written standards, or to simply use dialect, which is most often the case.

Norwegian is part of the Scandinavian dialect continuum. Due to geography and historical developments in the region, most Norwegians easily understand spoken Swedish but sometimes struggle with written Swedish. Conversely, they easily understand written Danish but sometimes struggle with spoken Danish. Einar Haugen pinned the term Semi Communication to the almost mutual understanding between speakers of Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish. Between Norwegian and the insular Nordic varieties Icelandic and Faroese, there is no mutual intelligibility.

Norwegian has both synthetic and analytic language characteristics. Grammatical meaning is partly conveyed morphologically by endings and partly syntactically through word order. The vocabulary is, apart from a group of loanwords from Greek and Latin, almost solely Germanic. Due to the influence from German (Low and High), Danish, and English, parts of Norwegian vocabulary will be recognizable to speakers of other Germanic varieties. The influence caused by the century-long language contact between Sami, Finnish, and Norwegian has not led to great changes in the vocabulary, but, regionally, dialects have changed due to this contact. The part of Norwegian vocabulary that has been retained from Old Norse is to some degree recognizable to modern speakers, but Old Norse as such is not comprehensible to a modern Norwegian reader.

Typical grammatical features of Norwegian are

1. A relatively homogenous vowel inventory of nine vowels, and a heterogenous consonant system in which the dialects differ between 17 and more than 25 different phonemes.

2. Two distinctive tonemes in most dialects.

3. Suffixed definite article.

4. V2 word order
Orthography and the Sociolinguistics of Writing
Authors: Honkanen Mirka
Published: May 2023

Orthography is not a neutral tool for representing language in writing. Spelling is a linguistic variable capable of carrying social meaning, and orthographies are technologies embedded in larger societal structures. Spelling plays a role in the construction of national and other social identities, the delimitation of languages, the authentication and stigmatization of speaker groups, standardization, and the written representation of paralinguistic features. In these and further ways, orthography is a topic of high sociolinguistic relevance. After written language had long received less sociolinguistic attention than speech, there is now a growing body of sociolinguistic research into spelling variation and orthography as a socioculturally situated practice.

Sociolinguists investigate the social role of orthographies and spelling choices. When orthographies are developed for previously unwritten languages, decisions have to be made not only regarding phonemic representation but also between creating distance from and closeness to related languages. Orthography becomes a highly debated topic also when spelling reforms are proposed; different ideological, aesthetic, financial, educational, and sociopolitical arguments are typically brought forth. Standardized spellings are seen by language users as granting languages and speakers authority. When non-standardized spellings are used in transcripts of speech, they have been shown to assign sociolinguistic stigma to the speakers represented. Non-standardized spellings are used in different less than fully regulated orthographic spaces, such as digital writing, company and personal names, literary texts, subcultural publications, advertising, and private writing. Sociolinguistic studies on spelling often rely on data from digital communication such as text messaging or social media interactions. Such studies not only describe and classify different kinds of non-standardized spellings but also increasingly establish quantitative tendencies, explore correlations with macro-level sociodemographic factors, and show the potential for respelling to construct identities, personae, and meaning at the micro level of the utterance. Spelling can index identities and stances, act as a contextualization cue, and represent prosodic and dialectal features.
GIS-based potential assessment of floating photovoltaic systems in reservoirs of Tamil Nadu in India
Authors: Ravichandran Nagavinothini , Paneerselvam Balamurugan , Ravichandran Nagananthini
Published: May 2023

Floating photovoltaic systems (FPVs) are one of the emerging renewable-energy technologies suitable for implementation in land-scarce areas around the world. The installation of FPVs in water bodies in highly populated countries such as India will improve renewable-energy production with added advantages in terms of efficiency, water savings and reduced carbon emissions. In this context, the present study aims to identify suitable reservoirs for solar energy production using FPV technology in Tamil Nadu, India using geographic information system techniques. A total of 118 reservoirs located in the study area were considered. The results have shown that the implementation of FPV systems will significantly improve the production of renewable energy. The most suitable reservoirs with hydroelectric power plants for hybrid FPV implementation and their potential to reduce water evaporation and carbon emissions are presented. The results reveal that hybrid systems will generate 1542.53 GWh of power annually and also save 36.32 × 106 m3 of water every year. The results of this investigation will aid in fulfilling sustainable energy production in India, and the methodology presented may be useful for the analysis and prioritization of reservoirs for the implementation of FPV all over the world.
The radiomics features of the temporal lobe region related to menopause based on MR-T2WI can be used as potential biomarkers for AD
Authors: Li Ming , Zhang Jing , Shi Yuxuan , Liu Shuang , Liu Xin , Ning Yunna , Cao Yongzhi , Deng Yan , Zhao Yueran
Published: May 2023

Menopause may be an important pathogenic factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The M1 polarization of microglia and neuroinflammatory responses occur in the early pathogenetic stages of AD. Currently, no effective monitoring markers are available for AD’s early pathological manifestations. Radiomics is an automated feature generation method for the extraction of hundreds of quantitative phenotypes (radiomics features) from radiology images. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the magnetic resonance T2-weighted imaging (MR-T2WI) on the temporal lobe region and clinical data of both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. There were three significant differences were identified for select radiomic features in the temporal lobe between premenopausal and postmenopausal women, i.e. the texture feature Original-glcm-Idn (OI) based on the Original image, the filter-based first-order feature Log-firstorder-Mean (LM), and the texture feature Wavelet-LHH-glrlm-Run Length Nonuniformity (WLR). In humans, these three features were significantly correlated with the timing of menopause. In mice, these features were also different between the sham and ovariectomy (OVX) groups and were significantly associated with neuronal damage, microglial M1 polarization, neuroinflammation, and cognitive decline in the OVX groups. In AD patients, OI was significantly associated with cognitive decline, while LM was associated with anxiety and depression. OI and WLR could distinguish AD from healthy controls. In conclusion, radiomics features based on brain MR-T2WI scans have the potential to serve as biomarkers for AD and noninvasive monitoring of pathological progression in the temporal lobe of the brain in women undergoing menopause.
Variation of hair cortisol in two herds of migratory caribou (Rangifer tarandus): implications for health monitoring
Authors: Rakic F , Fernandez-Aguilar X , Pruvot M , Whiteside D P , Mastromonaco G F , Leclerc L M , Jutha N , Kutz S J
Published: May 2023

Migratory caribou (Rangifer tarandus sspp.) is an ecotype of conservation concern that is experiencing increased cumulative stressors associated with rapid climate change and development in Arctic Canada. Increasingly, hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs) are being used to monitor seasonal hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity of ungulate populations; yet, the effect of key covariates for caribou (sex, season, sampling source, body location) are largely unknown. The objectives of this research were 4-fold: first, we assessed the impact of body location (neck, rump) sampling sites on HCC; second, we assessed key covariates (sex, sampling method, season) impacting HCCs of caribou; third, we investigated inter-population (Dolphin and Union (DU), Bluenose-East (BNE)) and inter-annual differences in HCC and fourth, we examined the association between HCCs and indices of biting insect activity on the summer range (oestrid index, mosquito index). We examined hair from 407 DU and BNE caribou sampled by harvesters or during capture-collaring operations from 2012 to 2020. Linear mixed-effect models were used to assess the effect of body location on HCC and generalized least squares regression (GLS) models were used to examine the impacts of key covariates, year and herd and indices of biting insect harassment. HCC varied significantly by body location, year, herd and source of samples (harvester vs capture). HCC was higher in samples taken from the neck and in the DU herd compared with the BNE, decreased linearly over time and was higher in captured versus hunted animals (P < 0.05). There was no difference in HCC between sexes, and indices of biting insect harassment in the previous year were not significantly associated with HCC. This study identifies essential covariates impacting the HCC of caribou that must be accounted for in sampling, monitoring and data interpretation.
Sex-based differences in risk factors for incident myocardial infarction and stroke in the UK Biobank
Authors: Remfry Elizabeth , Ardissino Maddalena , McCracken Celeste , Szabo Liliana , Neubauer Stefan , Harvey Nicholas C , Mamas Mamas A , Robson John , Petersen Steffen E , Raisi-Estabragh Zahra
Published: May 2023

Aim

This study examined sex-based differences in associations of vascular risk factors with incident cardiovascular events in the UK Biobank.

Methods

Baseline participant demographic, clinical, laboratory, anthropometric, and imaging characteristics were collected. Multivariable Cox regression was used to estimate independent associations of vascular risk factors with incident myocardial infarction (MI) and ischaemic stroke for men and women. Women-to-men ratios of hazard ratios (RHRs), and related 95% confidence intervals, represent the relative effect-size magnitude by sex.

Results

Among the 363 313 participants (53.5% women), 8470 experienced MI (29.9% women) and 7705 experienced stroke (40.1% women) over 12.66 [11.93, 13.38] years of prospective follow-up. Men had greater risk factor burden and higher arterial stiffness index at baseline. Women had greater age-related decline in aortic distensibility. Older age [RHR: 1.02 (1.01–1.03)], greater deprivation [RHR: 1.02 (1.00–1.03)], hypertension [RHR: 1.14 (1.02–1.27)], and current smoking [RHR: 1.45 (1.27–1.66)] were associated with a greater excess risk of MI in women than men. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was associated with excess MI risk in men [RHR: 0.90 (0.84–0.95)] and apolipoprotein A (ApoA) was less protective for MI in women [RHR: 1.65 (1.01–2.71)]. Older age was associated with excess risk of stroke [RHR: 1.01 (1.00–1.02)] and ApoA was less protective for stroke in women [RHR: 2.55 (1.58–4.14)].

Conclusion

Older age, hypertension, and smoking appeared stronger drivers of cardiovascular disease in women, whereas lipid metrics appeared stronger risk determinants for men. These findings highlight the importance of sex-specific preventive strategies and suggest priority targets for intervention in men and women.
Plant-oriented microbiome inoculum modulates age-related maturation of gut-mucosal expression of innate immune and barrier function genes in suckling and weaned piglets
Authors: Vötterl Julia C , Lerch Frederike , Schwartz-Zimmermann Heidi E , Sassu Elena L , Schwarz Lukas , Renzhammer Rene , Bünger Moritz , Koger Simone , Sharma Suchitra , Sener-Aydemir Arife , Quijada Narciso M , Selberherr Evelyne , Berthiller Franz , Metzler-Zebeli Barbara U
Published: May 2023

In the immediate time after weaning, piglets often show symptoms of gut inflammation. The change to a plant-based diet, lack of sow milk, and the resulting novel gut microbiome and metabolite profile in digesta may be causative factors for the observed inflammation. We used the intestinal loop perfusion assay (ILPA) to investigate jejunal and colonic expression of genes for antimicrobial secretion, oxidative stress, barrier function, and inflammatory signaling in suckling and weaned piglets when exposed to “plant-oriented” microbiome (POM) representing postweaning digesta with gut-site specific microbial and metabolite composition. Two serial ILPA were performed in two replicate batches, with 16 piglets preweaning (days 24 to 27) and 16 piglets postweaning (days 38 to 41). Two jejunal and colonic loops were perfused with Krebs–Henseleit buffer (control) or with the respective POM for 2 h. Afterward, RNA was isolated from the loop tissue to determine the relative gene expression. Age-related effects in jejunum included higher expression of genes for antimicrobial secretions and barrier function as well as reduced expression of pattern-recognition receptors post- compared to preweaning (P < 0.05). Age-related effects in the colon comprised downregulation of the expression of pattern-recognition receptors post- compared to preweaning (P < 0.05). Likewise, age reduced the colonic expression of genes encoding for cytokines, antimicrobial secretions, antioxidant enzymes, and tight-junction proteins post- compared to preweaning. Effect of POM in the jejunum comprised an increased the expression of toll-like receptors compared to the control (P < 0.05), demonstrating a specific response to microbial antigens. Similarly, POM administration upregulated the jejunal expression of antioxidant enzymes (P < 0.05). The POM perfusion strongly upregulated the colonic expression of cytokines and altered the expression of barrier function genes, fatty acid receptors and transporters, and antimicrobial secretions (P < 0.05). In conclusion, results indicated that POM signaled via altering the expression of pattern-recognition receptors in the jejunum, which in turn activated the secretory defense and decreased mucosal permeability. In the colon, POM may have acted pro-inflammatory via upregulated cytokine expression. Results are valuable for the formulation of transition feeds for the immediate time after weaning to maintain mucosal immune tolerance towards the novel digesta composition.
Irregular Migration and the City
Authors: Kaufmann David , Walz Mala
Published: May 2023

Irregular migrants tend to live in cities. Cities offer to irregular migrants anonymity, opportunities to find a job and other ways to make a living, different forms of accommodation, and access to potentially existing relational, ethnic, social, or cultural networks. Irregular migration can therefore also be understood as an urban phenomenon. The urban aspects of irregular migration are the focus of this bibliography. We discuss the precarious life situations of irregular migrants, as well as the complex urban governance of migration. From a national-state perspective, the term, “irregular migrant,” refers to a person who enters or resides in a country without the necessary authorization or documents required by immigration regulations. Irregular migrants have either never obtained any sort of authorization or status or they had a status but then fell out of it, or the status has lapsed. This definition also includes rejected asylum seekers and persons that lost their temporary projection. This bibliography applies the term “irregular migrants,” which is used in the literature and in practice alongside other terms such as undocumented migrants, sans-papiers, illegalized migrants, or migrants in a situation of administrative irregularity. We are aware that all of these terms carry certain normative assumptions with them and that they therefore have to be applied with caution and are context-dependent. The term illegal migrants should be avoided due to its stigmatizing association with illegality and criminality, and also because being present without an authorization is in most countries not a criminal offense but an administrative infringement. This interdisciplinary bibliography focuses on cities as places where irregular migrants live (see Cities as Places for Irregular Migrants), cities as (political) actors that support irregular migrants (see Cities as Actors that Support Irregular Migrants), and on other important (political) actors such as civil society organizations and irregular migrants themselves (see Civil Society and Irregular Migrants as Political Actors). While this article only includes work written in English, it attempts to integrate publications that cover cities from different world regions.