bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS WACANA IKLAN POND’S MEN #LELAKIMASAKINI VERSI RIO DEWANTO
Authors: Fauzi Abas
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
This research discusses how advertising producers provide a new formula for men nowdays. Through such as advertising, manufacturers are trying to create a standard male nowdays with efforts of disciplining the body. Pond's Mens it self always bring up the ad with a new concept when they put out a new product variant. The man of today is a manifestation of cooperation between the pond's makes Rio Dewanto as a brand ambassador. This research uses critical discourse analysis, model which Norman Fairclough classifies three dimensions of discourse consisting of text, discourse practices and socio cultural practices. The dimensions of the text simultaneously has three functions, namely the representation, relationships, and identity. The results showed that the ads were shown to men as a disciplinary body's efforts. In addition, this commercial bias occurs in practice meaning between scenes in the ad with the discourse of the present men.

Keywords: Discourse analysis, Pond's Men advertising, advertising in gender

 
 
STUDI RESEPSI MANTAN ANAK JALANAN TERHADAP FILM ALANGKAH LUCUNYA NEGERI INI
Authors: Agustian Jaka Farih , Irawanto Budi
Published: February 2019

Social problems in the aspect of street children in Indonesia is still difficult to solve. The Data 2017 issued by the Minister of Social Khofifah Indar Parawansa said there are 4.1 million Indonesian children who are displaced and need protection. Thus, various media attempts to provide criticisms about social conditions in Indonesia, especially through the construction of street children's films. Film of Alangkah Lucunya Negeri Ini describes social problems of street children happening in Indonesia. This study aims to explain how the reception of exformer street children in watching the film Alangkah Lucunya Negeri Ini using the method of reception proposed by Stuart Hall, namely the concept of dominant hegemony, negotiation, and opposition. The results show that informant receptions arise due to different social and cultural dimensions in life as street children in the past. The informants also made the film Alangkah Lucunya Negeri Ini as reflection based on life experience. Thus, the presence of the film gives negative stigma of street children in social relations of society. Scene of film also brings the informant to feel the pleasure of watching that is expressed through both entertaining and emotional forms. Meanwhile, audience also responded activelly to the construction of street children films in social, educational, and religious discourse. Informants who are in the dominant code express their interest in film programs motivated by behavior and social experience as street children. While informants who are in a negotiating position try to be adaptive in adjusting the message in the film, but also have an attitude of opposition as a form of rejection. While the informants who placed themselves in the opposition expressed a different attitude to the construction offered in the film program. There is an element of discomfort with the presence of street children movies in their lives.

Keywords: Reception studies, social film of street children, exformer street children, audience active
Eğitim Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Rol Model Tercihleri
Authors: KABAKLI ÇİMEN Latife
Published: February 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı, gençlerin
kendilerine kimleri rol model aldıklarını ve bunun sebeplerini belirlemektir. Araştırmanın
çalışma grubunu, İstanbul’da bir vakıf üniversitesinin eğitim fakültesinde
öğrenim gören 10 erkek ve 20 kadın olmak üzere toplamda 30 öğrenci oluşturdu. Niteliksel
türde desenlenen araştırmanın verileri araştırmacı tarafından oluşturulan yarı
yapılandırılmış görüşme formu yardımıyla yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılarak toplandı
ve verilerinin çözümlenmesinde içerik analizi ile betimsel analiz yöntemi
kullanıldı. Görüşmeler Ocak- Mart 2018 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirildi. Araştırma
sonucunda; gençlere ailelerinin en fazla kendi aile yakınlarını, mesleğinde
başarılı kişileri, komşu veya arkadaşlarının çocuklarını rol model olarak
gösterdiği; gençlerin ise anne babalarını, öğretmenlerini, aile yakınlarını,
mesleğinde başarılı kişileri ve siyasi liderleri rol model aldıkları
belirlendi. Gençler rol model aldıklarının, kişilik özelliklerinden, mesleki
başarılarından, manevi değerlerine bağlı oluşlarından, gayret, azim ve
hedeflerine ulaşmış olmalarından ve zorluklarla mücadele edişlerinden etkilenmekte;
onlar gibi olmak için, kendilerine rehber almakta, taklit etmekte ve kendilerini
geliştirmeye çalışmaktadır. Gençlerin davranışlarını beğenmediği ve
onaylamadığı, başarısız ve hedefsiz kişiler ile aile yakınları ve
öğretmenlerinden bazılarını rol model almaktan kaçındığı ve onlar gibi olmamak
için onları eleştirdikleri, benzememeye çalıştıkları, bu kişilerden uzaklaşıp,
kendilerini geliştirmeye ve kendilerine hedefler belirlemeye çalıştıkları belirlendi.
Destinasyon Seçimini Belirleyen Faktörlerin Destinasyon Memnuniyeti Üzerindeki Etkisi: Fethiye’de İngiliz Turistler Üzerinde Bir Araştırma
Authors: DAVRAS Özgür , USLU Abdullah
Published: February 2019

Turizm
sektöründe her geçen yıl artan rekabet ortamında; hem mevcut müşterilerin
korunması ve yeni müşterilerin elde edilmesinde, hem de destinasyon pazarlama
faaliyetlerinin geliştirilmesinde turistlerin destinasyon tercihlerini
etkileyen faktörlerin bilinmesi son derece önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın
amacı İngiliz turistlerin Fethiye destinasyon seçimini etkileyen faktörleri
belirleyerek, destinasyon seçiminde etkili olan faktörlerin genel
memnuniyetleri üzerindeki etkilerini tespit etmek ve demografik özellikleri ile
destinasyon seçim faktörleri arasındaki farklılıkları ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmanın
uygulaması Fethiye’ye tatil amaçlı gelen İngiliz turistlerle yapılan anket
çalışmasıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin analizi sonucunda
turistlerin destinasyon seçiminde bilgi ve macera, ulaşım ve aktivite
olanakları, sosyo-kültürel etkinlikler, doğal çekicilik, seyahat gösterişi ve
eğlence ve dinlenme olmak üzere toplam yedi faktör tespit edilmiştir. Ulaşım ve
aktivite olanakları ile doğal çekicilik boyutları turistlerin destinasyon
memnuniyetinde en önemli faktörler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan
demografik özelliklerin destinasyon tercihlerinde çok fazla etkili olmadığının
sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
A Historical Analysis of The Economic Development of The USA (1947-2017)
Authors: ŞENEL UZUNKAYA Seçil , DİNÇER Hasan , YÜKSEL Serhat
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study is to evaluate economic improvement of US. For this purpose, the quarterly data for the periods between 1947 and 2015 is taken into the consideration. Therefore, focusing on this long period provides a historical view so that more appropriate results can be achieved. Moreover, economic growth of US is considered as dependent variable whereas four different subtitles of GDP (consumption, private investment, government expenditure and net export) are selected as independent variables. Furthermore, multivariate adoptive regression spline (MARS) methodology is used in the analysis process. The findings show that private investment, government expenditure and net export have a positive relationship between economic growth. It is identified that the positive effect reduces when the percentage of government expenditure exceeds 22.2%. On the other side, in case of negative net export and having lower investment ratio than 16.3%, economic development of US will be affected negatively. These results give very important information that instead of consumption, other three subtitles of GDP make a contribution to the economic development of US. By considering these results, it is recommended that US should mainly implement growth strategies by focusing on private investment and net export. Within this framework, tax advantages for these investors can be provided to reach this objective. In addition to this condition, government should also give incentives to improve industrial production so that investment and export can be increased.
Hazar Denizi Meselesi Bağlamında Türk Cumhuriyetleri Arasındaki Siyasi ve Ekonomik İlişkiler
Authors: ÖZSOY Bahar
Published: February 2019

Sovyetler'in
dağılması ile birlikte Kafkasya ve Orta Asya etnik çatışma ve sınır
sorunlarının yaşandığı bir bölge haline dönüşmüştür. Günümüzde, Türk devletleri
arasındaki iletişimin büyük ölçüde sağlandığı coğrafyada sınırların belirlenmesi
ve enerji kaynakları açısından verimli alanların paylaşılması gibi çeşitli
sorunlar ise devam etmektedir.

Söz konusu sorun
alanlarından biri de Hazar Denizine sınır olan devletler arasındaki Hazar’ın
paylaşımı konusudur. Çalışma, 2018 yılındaki anlaşma kapsamında “deniz ” olarak kabul edilen Hazar Denizi’nin statüsü
ve paylaşılması konusunun kıyıdaş Türk devletleri arasındaki ilişkileri ne
ölçüde etkilediğine ve şekillendirdiğine odaklanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışma
ile birlikte paydaş Türk devletleri olan Azerbaycan, Kazakistan ve Türkmenistan
arasındaki siyasi ve ekonomik ilişkiler ve Hazar sorununun bu ilişkileri ne
şekilde biçimlendirdiği değerlendirilmiştir.
Duygusal Emek ile İş Tatmini Arasındaki İlişkiyi İncelemeye Yönelik Bir Araştırma
Authors: BAĞCI Zübeyir , AKBAŞ Türkmen Taşer
Published: February 2019

Bu çalışmada çalışanların duygusal emekleri ile iş tatminleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla bankacılık sektöründe çalışanlar arasından kolayda örnekleme yöntemine göre seçilmiş 242 katılımcı üzerinde bir araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama tekniği olarak anketten yararlanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında katılımcıların duygusal emek algıları, Brotheridge ve Lee (2003) tarafından geliştirilen üç boyutlu duygusal emek ölçeği kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Katılımcıların iş tatminleri ise Brown ve Peterson’ın (1994) tarafından geliştirilen ölçek ile ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen veriler ilgili istatistiksel analizler kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda sahte duygular ile iş tatmini arasında negatif yönlü bir ilişki bulunurken gizlenen duygular ile iş tatmini arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Derinlemesine eylem ile iş tatmini arasında ise anlamlı bir ilişki gözlenmemiştir.
The Distribution of Hospitality Services in Uyo Urban, Nigeria
Authors: Eneyo Violet Bassey
Published: February 2019

This paper examines the distribution of hospitality services in Uyo Urban, Nigeria. GIS method was the primary tool used for data collection. A global positioning system (GPS) Garmin 60 model was used in tracking the location of 102 hospitality services in the study area. One hypothesis was stated and tested using the nearest neighbour analysis. The finding shows evidence of clustering of the various hospitality services. The tested hypothesis further indicated that hospitality services clustered in areas that guarantee a sustainable level of patronage to maximize profit. Thus, the hospitality services clustered in selected streets in the metropolis while limited numbers were found outside the city’s central area.
METODE YURIDIS PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH RUMAH TANGGA DAN SAMPAH SEJENIS DI STT-PLN
Authors: Jurnal Redaksi Tim
Published: February 2019

This paper uses exploratory research to conduct research in Final Disposal Site and Waste Management STT-PLN Jakarta. Keep questioning and interviewing students and officers at Final Disposal. The research team is also on reference books, research results and national journals and legislation discussing with waste management. The problem in this paper is dilipatbelangi with increasingly creating the number of Indonesian population until in 2011 reached 259,940,857 people who cause people who do business to produce works of real standard of living that has a positive and negative impact. Negative impact on the environment is very prominent problem of pollution. The most common contamination is garbage. Therefore, agar-agar can help the tasks in the necessary and very high effective difficulties in handling waste and vice versa, the efforts required will produce even more. To achieve the things necessary for proper ways and technologies and from waste sources. In addition, it also needs legal aspects to be a Guidebook-Regulations related to waste and the environment in order to cope with environmental pollution caused by garbage.
KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN PERFORMANSI ROUTING PROTOCOL RIPNG, OSPFV3 DAN EIGRPV6 PADA JARINGAN IPV6
Authors: Jurnal Redaksi Tim
Published: February 2019

The main purpose of IP next generation version 6 or called IPv6 is to meet the needs of IP addresses for the long term. With the presence of IPv6 it is also necessary routing protocol that supports IPv6 network. Routing protocols work to connect between networks, and choose paths or routes to reach other networks. There are three types of routing protocols that already support IPv6 services. Among other types of distance vector (RIPng), link-state (OSPFv3) and hybrid (EIGRPv6). This final project is designed to know the performance of the three types of routing protocols on IPv6 network. Testing is done by analyzing routing update process, ICMPv6 packet analysis and testing by sending Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) packet in the form of audio video stream sent via server and accessed through client. In the simulation and analysis results using GNS3 (Graphic Network Simulator 3) and wireshark found that the OSPFv3 performance testing is better than EIGRPv6 and RIPng when performing routing updates or when link down occurs. Then the data analysis of test results with the delivery of Real-time Transport Protocol package so that it can be concluded that OSPFv3 algorithm better than EIGRPv6 and RIPng in terms of delay, packet loss, throughput and jitter.
Emostatic-palliative radiotherapy in vescical carcinoma: two case reports
Authors: Ceccon Giovanni , Andreani Stefano , Bergamini Marialuisa , Buti Sebastiano , Dell'Anna Cristina , Ghetti Francesca , Gianni Stella , Grondelli Claudia , Lattanzi Elisabetta , Losardo Pierluigi , Manicone Moana , Rossi Roberto , Salaroli Francesco , D'Abbiero Nunziata
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Palliative radiotherapy is very effective for symptoms control and it improves the quality of life of patients with neoplasia at any stage of the disease. The 5% of palliative radiotherapy treatments are carried out for hemostatic purposes and this approach is particularly useful in certain diseases. In fact in bladder cancer this treatment is able to control bleeding in more than 90% of cases.

Case description: We report two cases of old patients with urothelial carcinoma and macrohematuria, initially treated, for the fist time, with 20 Gy on the whole bladder obtainig completely resolution of hematuria. Afterwards, for new haematuria appearance, the patients were treated again with 15 Gy targeted on the progression region, obtaining resolution of bleeding again.

Conclusion: although a haemostatic approach does not give lasting results over time, a reprocessing should be considered due to the improvement in the quality of life that it may entail. (Oncology)
MICROELEMENT STATUS OF THE ORENBURG REGION POPULATION
Authors: Salnikova E V , Burtseva T I , Skalny A V
Published: February 2019

The aim of the paper is to study the features of the microelement status of the population of the Orenburg region and to establish the distribution limits of geographical and ecological pathology. Methods. The content of chemical elements in the hair was estimated by atomic emission and mass spectrometry using an Elan 9000 mass spectrometer and an Optima 2000 V atomic emission spectrometer in the laboratory "Center for Biotic Medicine" (Moscow). Statistical data processing was carried out by means of programs MS Excel and STATISTICA version 6.1. Shapiro-Wilk's test was used to assess data normality. Results. It was found that the zinc content in the hair of men living in the east of the region is higher than in men living the Central and Western zones - 1.6 and 1.3 times, respectively. The zinc content in the hair of women in the Eastern zone is 1.9 times and 1.5 times higher than in the Central and Western zones, respectively. The copper content in the hair of residents of the Central and Eastern zones exceeded the values of the Western zone by 10 % (p = 0.016) and 20 % (p < 0.001), respectively. The obtained reference values of cadmium and lead in the hair of the inhabitants of the Eastern Zone exceeded the corresponding all-Russian values. The ranking ratio of the territories of the Volga Federal District and the Ural Federal District located on the border with the Orenburg region shows Zn deficiency among the male population of Orenburg (rank 14). Maximum levels of Cu (rank 2), Cd and Pb (rank 3, 4) for PFD are found in hair of women of the Orenburg region. Conclusion. The prosperous regions for the studied elements are the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Samara Region and the Republic of Tatarstan. The adverse regions include the Orenburg and Chelyabinsk regions.
EXOGENOUS FACTORS OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kulikova O I , Fedorova T N , Kuznetsov V I , Orlova V S
Published: February 2019

Parkinson disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative multifactorial disease characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta. Potential risk factors include exposure to environmental toxic substances, aging processes and genetic mutations. 5-15% of all the cases are genetically determined PD. In this regard, the role of environmental factors in the development of the PD neurodegenerative process becomes particularly important. However, in most cases, the interaction of environmental and genetic factors (gene-environment interaction), apparently, appears to be the cause of PD development. At the cellular level, the pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease are associated with a violation of alpha-synuclein conformation and the formation of Lewy bodies, the development of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial and protease dysfunction. This review examines the molecular mechanisms of toxic effects of various environmental pollutants that can lead neurodegenerative process and PD development: pesticides, metals, solvents, polychlorinated biphenyls and nanoparticles. The study of complex pathophysiological interactions between potential neurotoxins determining the risk of dopaminergic neurons damage and preventive neuroprotectors is one of the most perspective areas in development of PD treatment.
SEGITIGA DAN SEGIEMPAT PADA GEOMETRI DATAR EUCLID CEVIAN SEGITIGA DAN SEGIEMPAT SIKLIK
Authors: SAMSUMARLIN SAMSUMARLIN
Published: February 2019

Geometri Euclidean adalah sistem matematika yang dikaitkan dengan Euclid, matematikawan dari Alexandria Yunani, yang dijelaskan dalam buku teksnya pada geometri: The Elemen. Perkembangan geometri yang membuat kajiannya lebih mendalam, mengakibatkan materi geometri sulit diajarkan seluruhnya pada tingkat sekolah menegah. Tulisan ini khusus membahas mengenai beberapa teorema terkait “cevian pada segitiga serta segiempat siklik” dan disajikan secara deduktif.
PENDEKATAN MORAL SPIRITUAL DALAM MEWUJUDKAN EFEKTIVITAS KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH
Authors: Baharuddin Baharuddin
Published: February 2019

Kepemipinan moral spiritual merupakan kepemimpinan komprehensif yang menggabungkan beberapa pendekatan secara bersamaan sebagai kekuatan penggerak kepemimpinan. Tujuan kajian ini adalah adalah menguraikan dimensi moral spiritual kedalam kepemimpinan untuk mewujudkan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah yang efektif. Kesimpulan kajian ini adalah bahwa dimensi moral spiritual dapat diinternalisasikan dalam kompetensi kepala sekolah yang mencakup lima aspek yaitu kepribadian, manajerial, supervisi, kewirausahaan, dan sosial.
The Effectiveness of Reflection Learning Method to Increase the First Grade Students’ Writing Skill of SMA Negeri 2 Sungguminasa Gowa Regency
Authors: Musdalifah Musdalifah
Published: February 2019

This research consisted of two objectives research, first objective research that was to find out the students’ increased of content of writing recount text by using reflection learning method at the first grade students of SMA Negeri 2 Sungguminasa Gowa Regency, and second objective research that was to find out the students’ increased of organization of writing recount text by using reflection learning method at the first grade students of SMA Negeri 2 Sungguminasa Gowa Regency. There were of assessment focused on the skill of students to write a recount text from content which consisted of unity, and completeness; organization which consisted of coherence, and spatial order; and generic structures which consisted of orientation, events, and reorientation. This research applied Classroom Action Research (CAR) design which divided into two cycles (cycle I and cycle II) and consisted of four stages or phases (planning, implementation of action, observation, and reflection). The subject of this research that was students of class X which consisted of 33 students. The instrument of this research that was writing test which it used recount text. The test would be used in the last item of every cycle. Moreover, based on the students’ score in cycle I and cycle II, it showed that the score of students is increased from the standard score 7.00 with the significant increased 47.27 %.
Identitas Âzar Dalam Literatur Tafsir Nusantara
Authors: Sukma Baihaki Egi
Published: February 2019

Âzar is one character names enshrined in the Qur'an, which appears in the story of Ibrâhîm's preaching dialogue. The figure of Âzar into a debate among historians as well as mufassir.  The difference of views regarding the identity of Âzar, closely related to the sources of the Torah, which was used as a comparison to explain the figure of Âzar mentioned in the Qur'an. The identity of Âzar in the end, a debate in the realm of theology, as it pertains to the sanctity of nasab to the prophets. Differences of interpretation regarding the identity of Âzar keeps going, in every time and every interpretation of written. The coming of Islam to the archipelago, at the same time the entrance for everything related to the teachings of religion including knowledge and debate theology. With the method of comparative thematic and theological approach, it can be concluded that, the issue of the identity of the Âzar also developed in the literature the interpretation of the archipelago. There are three views on the identity of Âzar in the literature the interpretation of the archipelago. First, it holds that Âzar was Ibrâhîm's father which included these groups is Hasbi, Hamka was the Tafsir Kemenag RI. Second, it holds that Âzar was Ibrâhîm's uncle, which useudes this group is al-Nawawi and Quraish Shihab. A second view of the exegetes this Archipelago has theological ramifications as it did on the classical exegetes. For those who consider Âzar was Ibrâhîm's biological father, then they are not disputed there was a pagan Prophet who parents, but for those who think that their father is not  Âzar theologically they hold on the sanctity of nasab the Prophet spared from the pagan ancestors.
Türk Basınında Japonya: 1945 Akşam Gazetesi Örneği
Authors: YAZICI Yasemin
Published: February 2019

Japonya'nın, uzun bir kapalılık döneminin ardından girdiği modernleşme sürecinde, 1904-1905 Rus-Japon Savaşı'nda aldığı beklenmedik galibiyet, tüm dünyada olduğu kadar Türk dünyasında da yankı uyandırmıştır. Asyalı bir milletin ilk kez büyük bir gücü yenmesi, Türk aydınlarının yazılarında da yer almıştır. Bundan tam 40 yıl sonra Japonya'nın II. Dünya Savaşı'nda aldığı yenilgi de şüphesiz aynı şekilde Türk yazınına yansımıştır. Türk aydınlarının yazıları, halkın belleğinde Japonya imajının oluşmasında oldukça önem teşkil etmiştir. Bu çalışmada, II. Dünya Savaşı'ndan yenilgiyle çıkan Japonya'nın savaş sürecindeki durumu, Akşam gazetesi yazarlarından Halide Edip Adıvar, Refik Halit Karay, Vâlâ Nureddin (Vâ-Nû) ve Macid Arda'nın köşe yazıları üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmamızın başlıca amacı, bu yazarların 1945 yılında Akşam gazetesinde yayımlanan köşe yazıları aracılığıyla II. Dünya Savaşı döneminde Japonya'nın nasıl algılandığı ve Türk halkına nasıl aktarıldığını incelemektir. Bu doğrultuda, öncelikle Japonya'nın II. Dünya Savaşı'na girme süreci ele alınmış, ardından da dönemin önemli yazarlarının Akşam gazetesinde yayımlanan Japonya ile ilgili köşe yazıları incelenmiştir. İncelemeler sonucunda, yazarların özellikle Japon milliyetçiliği, atom bombası ve Japonya'nın yayılmacı politikaları üzerinde durarak, Japonya karşıtı bir görüş yansıttıkları belirlenmiştir.
A Relational Approach to Leadership for Multi-Actor Governance
Authors: Craps Marc , Vermeesch Inge , Dewulf Art , Sips Koen , Termeer Katrien , Bouwen René
Published: February 2019

Multi-actor governance, in which a broad mix of actors collaborates to deal with complex societal problems, requires a leadership approach that can take into account the dynamic interdependencies between the involved actors. A relational approach to leadership, focusing on processes and practices, is more adequate for that purpose than approaches focusing on individuals and positions. Complexity leadership theory offers such a relational approach to leadership within organizations. In this article, we use complexity leadership theory to capture the emergent leadership processes between organizations. We focus on the characteristics of the informal relations between representatives of different organizations that enable dealing with the often-conflicting goals and values in multi-actor governance. The case of a landfill mining initiative for sustainable materials governance is used as an illustration to clarify the main concepts and arguments.
Assessing the Environmental Efficiency of Greek Dairy Sheep Farms: GHG Emissions and Mitigation Potential
Authors: Sintori Alexandra , Liontakis Angelos , Tzouramani Irene
Published: February 2019

One of the main ecological challenges that agricultural and especially livestock production systems face is the adoption of management practices that encourage the mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, while maintaining their production level. According to the relevant literature, the potential for GHG reduction lies mainly in greater efficiency in meat and dairy production, which suggests that the ecological modernization of livestock farms follows the efficiency/substitution pathway. This study aims to investigate the above assumption and explore the link between the technical efficiency (TE) and environmental efficiency (EE) of livestock farms using data envelopment analysis (DEA). The analysis focuses on dairy sheep farming, since the activity is important for the Greek rural economy while at the same time responsible for half of the country’s agricultural methane emissions. Results indicate that the correlation between technical and environmental efficiency of sheep farms is significant. Environmental efficiency is affected by farm size, specialization and production orientation. Feeding practices, like the ratio of concentrates to forage, also appear to have a positive effect on environmental efficiency. On the other hand, experienced farmers tend to have lower environmental efficiency, which may indicate their reluctance to adopt modern farming practices.
Effects of Green Manure Application and Prolonging Mid-Season Drainage on Greenhouse Gas Emission from Paddy Fields in Ehime, Southwestern Japan
Authors: Toma Yo , Nufita Sari Nukhak , Akamatsu Koh , Oomori Shingo , Nagata Osamu , Nishimura Seiichi , Purwanto Benito H. , Ueno Hideto
Published: February 2019

Green manure application helps maintain soil fertility, reduce chemical fertilizer use, and carbon sequestration in the soil. Nevertheless, the application of organic matter in paddy fields induces CH4 and N2O emissions. Prolonging mid-season drainage reduces CH4 emissions in paddy fields. Therefore, the combined effects of green manure application and mid-season drainage prolongation on net greenhouse gas emission (NGHGE) were investigated. Four experimental treatments were set up over a 2-year period: conventional mid-season drainage with (CMG) and without (CM) green manure and prolonged (4 or 7 days) mid-season drainage with (PMG) and without (PM) green manure. Astragalus sinicus L. seeds were sown in autumn and incorporated before rice cultivation. No significant difference in annual CH4 and N2O emissions, heterotrophic respiration, and NGHGE between treatments were observed, indicating that green manure application and mid-season drainage prolongation did not influence NGHGE. CH4 flux decreased drastically in PM and PMG during mid-season drainage under the hot and dry weather conditions. However, increasing applied carbon increases NGHGE because of increased CH4 and Rh. Consequently, combination practice of mid-season drainage prolongation and green manure utilization can be acceptable without changing NGHGE while maintaining grain yield in rice paddy fields under organically managed rice paddy fields.
Cereal Production Trends under Climate Change: Impacts and Adaptation Strategies in Southern Africa
Authors: Nhamo Luxon , Matchaya Greenwell , Mabhaudhi Tafadzwanashe , Nhlengethwa Sibusiso , Nhemachena Charles , Mpandeli Sylvester
Published: February 2019

The increasing frequency and intensity of droughts and floods, coupled with increasing temperatures and declining rainfall totals, are exacerbating existing vulnerabilities in southern Africa. Agriculture is the most affected sector as 95% of cultivated area is rainfed. This review addressed trends in moisture stress and the impacts on crop production, highlighting adaptation possible strategies to ensure food security in southern Africa. Notable changes in rainfall patterns and deficiencies in soil moisture are estimated and discussed, as well as the impact of rainfall variability on crop production and proposed adaptation strategies in agriculture. Climate moisture index (CMI) was used to assess aridity levels. Southern Africa is described as a climate hotspot due to increasing aridity, low adaptive capacity, underdevelopment and marginalisation. Although crop yields have been increasing due to increases in irrigated area and use of improved seed varieties, they have not been able to meet the food requirements of a growing population, compromising regional food security targets. Most countries in the region depend on international aid to supplement yield deficits. The recurrence of droughts caused by the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) continue devastating the region, affecting livelihoods, economies and the environment. An example is the 2015/2016 ENSO drought that caused the region to call for international aid to feed about 40 million people. In spite of the water scarcity challenges, cereal production continues to increase steadily due to increased investment in irrigated agriculture and improved crop varieties. Given the current and future vulnerability of the agriculture sector in southern Africa, proactive adaptation interventions are important to help farming communities develop resilient systems to adapt to the changes and variability in climate and other stressors.
A LEA Gene from a Vietnamese Maize Landrace Can Enhance the Drought Tolerance of Transgenic Maize and Tobacco
Authors: Minh Bui Manh , Linh Nguyen Thuy , Hanh Ha Hong , Hien Le Thi Thu , Thang Nguyen Xuan , Hai Nong Van , Hue Huynh Thi Thu
Published: February 2019

Maize (Zea mays) is a major cereal crop worldwide, and there is increasing demand for maize cultivars with enhanced tolerance to desiccation. Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins group 5C is involved in plants’ responses to various osmotic stresses such as drought and salt. A putative group 5C LEA gene from Z. mays cv. Tevang 1 was isolated, named ZmLEA14tv, and cloned into a T-DNA for expression in plants. The deduced amino acid of ZmLEA14tv showed a conserved Pfam LEA_2 domain and a high proportion of hydrophobic residues, characteristic of group 5C LEA proteins. Transgenic tobacco and maize plants expressing ZmLEA14tv were generated. During drought simulation conditions, the ZmLEA14tv-expressing plants of tobacco showed improved recovery ability, while those of maize enhanced the seed germination in comparison with the non-transgenic control plants. In addition, the survival rate of ZmLEA14tv transgenic maize seedlings was twice as high as the control. These results indicated that ZmLEA14tv might be involved in the drought tolerance of plants and could be a candidate gene for developing enhanced drought-tolerant crops.
Prospects for Measurement of Dry Matter Yield in Forage Breeding Programs Using Sensor Technologies
Authors: Gebremedhin Alem , Badenhorst Pieter E. , Wang Junping , Spangenberg German C. , Smith Kevin F.
Published: February 2019

Increasing the yield of perennial forage crops remains a crucial factor underpinning the profitability of grazing industries, and therefore is a priority for breeding programs. Breeding for high dry matter yield (DMY) in forage crops is likely to be enhanced with the development of genomic selection (GS) strategies. However, realising the full potential of GS will require an increase in the amount of phenotypic data and the rate at which it is collected. Therefore, phenotyping remains a critical bottleneck in the implementation of GS in forage species. Assessments of DMY in forage crop breeding include visual scores, sample clipping and mowing of plots, which are often costly and time-consuming. New ground- and aerial-based platforms equipped with advanced sensors offer opportunities for fast, nondestructive and low-cost, high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) of plant growth, development and yield in a field environment. The workflow of image acquisition, processing and analysis are reviewed. The “big data” challenges, proposed storage and management techniques, development of advanced statistical tools and methods for incorporating the HTP into forage breeding systems are also reviewed. Initial results where these techniques have been applied to forages have been promising but further research and development is required to adapt them to forage breeding situations, particularly with respect to the management of large data sets and the integration of information from spaced plants to sward plots. However, realizing the potential of sensor technologies combined with GS leads to greater rates of genetic gain in forages.
Shot Classification of Field Sports Videos Using AlexNet Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Minhas Rabia A. , Javed Ali , Irtaza Aun , Mahmood Muhammad Tariq , Joo Young Bok
Published: February 2019

Broadcasters produce enormous numbers of sport videos in cyberspace due to massive viewership and commercial benefits. Manual processing of such content for selecting the important game segments is a laborious activity; therefore, automatic video content analysis techniques are required to effectively handle the huge sports video repositories. The sports video content analysis techniques consider the shot classification as a fundamental step to enhance the probability of achieving better accuracy for various important tasks, i.e., video summarization, key-events selection, and to suppress the misclassification rates. Therefore, in this research work, we propose an effective shot classification method based on AlexNet Convolutional Neural Networks (AlexNet CNN) for field sports videos. The proposed method has an eight-layered network that consists of five convolutional layers and three fully connected layers to classify the shots into long, medium, close-up, and out-of-the-field shots. Through the response normalization and the dropout layers on the feature maps we boosted the overall training and validation performance evaluated over a diverse dataset of cricket and soccer videos. In comparison to Support Vector Machine (SVM), Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and standard Convolution Neural Network (CNN), our model achieves the maximum accuracy of 94.07%. Performance comparison against baseline state-of-the-art shot classification approaches are also conducted to prove the superiority of the proposed approach.
Investigation of Uncertain Factors on Measuring Residual Stress with Critically Refracted Longitudinal Waves
Authors: Yang Shunmin , Wang Mingquan , Yang Lu
Published: February 2019

Critically refracted longitudinal (LCR) waves are commonly used to evaluate the residual stress of a material. The utilization of LCR waves is advantageous in that these waves are not sensitive to the texture of the material. Thus, LCR can be considered as a bulk longitudinal mode and can penetrate into the material well below its surface. However, while measuring the residual stress, the precision of the LCR wave travel-time is influenced by several uncertain factors. In order to further improve the accuracy of test results, we developed a measurement approach based on three aspects. First, the distances between the transmitter and the receivers were determined by transducer signal analysis. Second, for the residual stress detection to be consistent, transducers with different frequencies presented similar beam divergence angles. Finally, three different frequencies were used to evaluate the residual stress throughout the plate thickness. Based on the results of the above analysis, we used LCR waves to test 304 stainless steel plates. The detection error of residual stress measurement was ca. ±23 MPa. When compared with the X-ray diffraction approach, our method showed similar trends for the same regions of the specimens.
Synthesis of Oligomeric Silicone Surfactant and its Interfacial Properties
Authors: Yin Da , Luo Pingya , Zhang Jie , Yao Xuyang , Wang Ren , Wang Lihui , Wang Shuangwei
Published: February 2019

During the exploitation of low permeability gas-condensate reservoirs, the mud filtrate, acidizing liquid, and fracturing fluid invade the reservoir and condensate gas, severely reducing the permeability of the reservoirs due to increased capillary pressure and water wettability. For the current paper, an oligomeric silicone surfactant (OSSF) containing sulfonic acid groups was synthesized to improve the flowback of such fluids. The critical micelle mass concentration and critical surface tension were determined by equilibrium surface tension. The surface tension increased with the hot rolling temperature and decreased with the addition of NaCl, KCl, or CaCl2. When the concentration exceeded critical micelle mass concentration, a micelle was formed and its size increased with mass concentration. OSSF adsorption through solid–liquid surface changed the surface chemical composition of the cores and transferred the wettability of cores from water-wet to preferential gas-wet by decreasing the surface energy. At the same time, the increasing temperature led to a change in the adsorption isotherm of quartz sand from Langmuir type (L-type) to “double plateau” type (LS-type) in the OSSF solution. In addition, NaCl decreased the relative foam volume of OSSF while extending the half-life. OSSF decreased the initial foaming volume and stability of the induction period and accelerated sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) formation.
Detection of Pneumatic Conveying by Acoustic Emissions
Authors: An Liansuo , Liu Weilong , Ji Yongce , Shen Guoqing , Zhang Shiping
Published: February 2019

The acoustic emission (AE) method is used in certain industries for the measurement of pneumatic conveying. Instead of the non-intrusive sensors, the comparison of two different intrusive probes in pneumatic conveying is presented in this work, and the AE signals generated by the flow for different particle flow rates and particle sizes were studied. Comparing the distribution of root mean square (RMS) values indicates that the AE signal acquired by a wire mesh probe was more reliable than that from a T-type probe. Limited intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) were extracted from the raw signals by the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) algorithm. The characteristics of these signals were analyzed in both the time and frequency domains, and the energies of different IMFs were used to predict the particle mass flow rates, demonstrating a relative error under 10% achieved by the proposed monitoring system. Additionally, the mean squared error contribution fraction, instead of the energy fraction, can predict the particle size.
Learning an Efficient Gait Cycle of a Biped Robot Based on Reinforcement Learning and Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Gil Cristyan R. , Calvo Hiram , Sossa Humberto
Published: February 2019

Programming robots for performing different activities requires calculating sequences of values of their joints by taking into account many factors, such as stability and efficiency, at the same time. Particularly for walking, state of the art techniques to approximate these sequences are based on reinforcement learning (RL). In this work we propose a multi-level system, where the same RL method is used first to learn the configuration of robot joints (poses) that allow it to stand with stability, and then in the second level, we find the sequence of poses that let it reach the furthest distance in the shortest time, while avoiding falling down and keeping a straight path. In order to evaluate this, we focus on measuring the time it takes for the robot to travel a certain distance. To our knowledge, this is the first work focusing both on speed and precision of the trajectory at the same time. We implement our model in a simulated environment using q-learning. We compare with the built-in walking modes of an NAO robot by improving normal-speed and enhancing robustness in fast-speed. The proposed model can be extended to other tasks and is independent of a particular robot model.
Wide-Area Measurement System-Based Optimal Multi-Stage Under-Frequency Load-Shedding in Interconnected Smart Power Systems Using Evolutionary Computing Techniques
Authors: Haes Alhelou Hassan , Hamedani-Golshan Mohamad Esmail , Njenda Takawira Cuthbert , Siano Pierluigi
Published: February 2019

Power systems that are known as the most complex systems encounter different types of disturbances and emergence events. To operate such systems in a stable mode, several control protection techniques are in need. Frequency plays a vital role in power systems and needs to be properly maintained in a permissible level. To this end, under-frequency load-shedding (UFLS) techniques are used to intercept the frequency decline when a system encounters a severe disturbance. In this paper, a novel, wide-area measurement system (WAMS)-based optimal UFLS technique is proposed. The system frequency response (SFR) model is identified online based on the real-time measurements collected by phasor measurement units (PMUs). Then, the SFR model is used to design a new optimal multi-stage UFLS scheme. Imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA), which is a powerful evolutionary computing method, is then adopted for solving the suggested multi-stage UFLS optimization problem. The applicability of the proposed method is shown on a practical test system. The effectiveness of the proposed optimal multi-stage UFLS scheme is verified by several simulation and comparison scenarios.
Simulation of Coal Gasification in a Low-Temperature, High-Pressure Entrained-Bed Reactor with a Volatiles Condensation and Re-Evaporation Model
Authors: Chen Ming-Hong , Chyou Yau-Pin , Wang Ting
Published: February 2019

The objective of this study is to implement a tar condensation and re-vaporization sub-model in a previously established Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model for the Entrained Slagging Transport Reactor (E-STR) gasifier, modified from the existing E-Gasifier simulation models in previous studies. The major modifications in E-STR, compared to the existing E-GasTM design, include higher operating pressure and lower temperature, with the aim of achieving a higher H2/CO ratio of syngas, which is more favorable for synthetic natural gas (SNG) production. In this study, the aforementioned sub-model is described by the UDF (User-Defined Function) and incorporated in a previously developed computational model for entrained-flow gasification process, to study the syngas composition without implementing a tars-cracking catalyst in the E-STR gasifier. The results show that incorporating the tar condensation model leads to a formation of approximately 6.47% liquid volatiles and an exit temperature increase about 135 K, due to the release of latent heat. These sub-models have been successfully implemented and will be useful in the condition that the gasifier temperature is intentionally kept low, just as the E-STR gasifier. The results indicate that high pressure and less oxygen feed produce a higher H2/CO ratio, more favorable for SNG production.
Biological Actions of the Hsp90-binding Immunophilins FKBP51 and FKBP52
Authors: Zgajnar Nadia , De Leo Sonia , Lotufo Cecilia , Erlejman Alejandra , Piwien-Pilipuk Graciela , Galigniana Mario
Published: February 2019

Immunophilins are a family of proteins whose signature domain is the peptidylprolyl-isomerase domain. High molecular weight immunophilins are characterized by the additional presence of tetratricopeptide-repeats (TPR) through which they bind to the 90-kDa heat-shock protein (Hsp90), and via this chaperone, immunophilins contribute to the regulation of the biological functions of several client-proteins. Among these Hsp90-binding immunophilins, there are two highly homologous members named FKBP51 and FKBP52 (FK506-binding protein of 51-kDa and 52-kDa, respectively) that were first characterized as components of the Hsp90-based heterocomplex associated to steroid receptors. Afterwards, they emerged as likely contributors to a variety of other hormone-dependent diseases, stress-related pathologies, psychiatric disorders, cancer, and other syndromes characterized by misfolded proteins. The differential biological actions of these immunophilins have been assigned to the structurally similar, but functionally divergent enzymatic domain. Nonetheless, they also require the complementary input of the TPR domain, most likely due to their dependence with the association to Hsp90 as a functional unit. FKBP51 and FKBP52 regulate a variety of biological processes such as steroid receptor action, transcriptional activity, protein conformation, protein trafficking, cell differentiation, apoptosis, cancer progression, telomerase activity, cytoskeleton architecture, etc. In this article we discuss the biology of these events and some mechanistic aspects.
Exploring Differential Connexin Expression across Melanocytic Tumor Progression Involving the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Kiszner Gergo , Balla Peter , Wichmann Barna , Barna Gabor , Baghy Kornelia , Nemeth Istvan Balazs , Varga Erika , Furi Istvan , Toth Bela , Krenacs Tibor
Published: February 2019

The incidence of malignant melanoma, one of the deadliest cancers, continues to increase. Here we tested connexin (Cx) expression in primary melanocytes, melanoma cell lines and in a common nevus, dysplastic nevus, and thin, thick, and metastatic melanoma tumor progression series involving the tumor microenvironment by utilizing in silico analysis, qRT-PCR, immunocyto-/histochemistry and dye transfer tests. Primary melanocytes expressed GJA1/Cx43, GJA3/Cx46 and low levels of GJB2/Cx26 and GJC3/Cx30.2 transcripts. In silico data revealed downregulation of GJA1/Cx43 and GJB2/Cx26 mRNA, in addition to upregulated GJB1/Cx32, during melanoma progression. In three melanoma cell lines, we also showed the loss of GJA1/Cx43 and the differential expression of GJB1/Cx32, GJB2/Cx26, GJA3/Cx46 and GJC3/Cx30.2. The dominantly paranuclear localization of connexin proteins explained the ~10–90 times less melanoma cell coupling compared to melanocytes. In melanocytic tumor tissues, we confirmed the loss of Cx43 protein, fall of cell membrane and elevated paranuclear Cx32 with moderately increased cytoplasmic Cx26 and paranuclear Cx30.2 positivity during tumor progression. Furthermore, we found Cx43, Cx26 and Cx30 proteins upregulated in the melanoma adjacent epidermis, and Cx43 in the tumor flanking vessels. Therefore, differential connexin expression is involved in melanocytic tumor progression where varying connexin isotypes and levels reflect tumor heterogeneity-related bidirectional adaptive interactions with the microenvironment.