bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soil heterogeneity: A comparative assessment of soils from two different AESR, southern India
Authors:   National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Hebbal, Bangalore-560024, Karnataka, M CHANDRAKALA
Published: May 2022

A comparative study was carried out to assess the nature and characteristics of soils from two agro-ecological sub regions (AESU and AESR) from two states of South India. Using sentinel-2 satellite data, google imagery and top sheet, a detailed soil survey was taken up in AESU and AESR. Major soils from upland as well as from lowlands were compared to assess the soils heterogeneity. Results showed that there was a high heterogeneity between properties of soils AESU and AESR. Variability existed in climatic conditions (tropical humid region in AESU and semiarid condition in AESR), physiographic (valley plain to gently, very gently, moderate, steep and very steep slopes in AESU and levelled to gently and very gently slopes in AESR ), geology (charnockite and granite gneiss in AESU whereas granite gneiss in AESR), land use (rubber, paddy, coconut in AESU and paddy, mango, pigeon pea, groundnut in AESR), soil classification (Ultisols and Alfisols in AESU whereas Alfisols and Inceptisols in AESR) and land capability (soil and water conservation measures must in AESU and slope was manageable with agronomic management practices in AESR). Soils varied in texture (clay, sandy clay and clay loam in AESU whereas sandy clay loam to sandy loam in AESR), consistency and depth of soils (shallow to very deep in AESU and shallow to deep in AESR). Clay content (32.9 to 63.5%) was dominant fraction in AESU whereas sand (52.1 to 72.1%) was in AESR. Soil acidity (strongly acid to very strongly acid) was a major problem (both hydrogen and aluminium saturation) in AESU whereas slightly acidic to neutral and slightly alkaline in AESR. Organic carbon content was high (up to 25.9 gkg-1) in AESU whereas it was up to 10.0 gkg-1 in AESR. Base saturation was <35% in AESU and >75% up to 100% in AESR. Calcium carbonate equivalent is >5% in AESR and not a problem in AESU. CEC was low (<12 cmol (p+) kg–1) in AESU and good (>12 cmol (p +) kg–1) in AESR.
Effect of organic sources of nutrients on growth physiology and yield components of scented rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors:   Regional Agricultural Research Station, Assam Agricultural University, Titabar, Assam, India-785630, MEDHI A.K.
Published: May 2022

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different organic sources of nutrientson growth physiology and yield components of scented rice, variety KetekiJoha at Regional Agricultural Research Station, AAU, Titabor during 2017 and 2018. Eight treatments were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed that the application of different proportion of organic sources of nutrients significantly improved the growth physiology and yield parameters of scented rice over the control. Among the treatments,the application of green manure (2.5 t ha-1) + Vermicompost (2.5 t ha-1) + Azolla (20 kg ha-1) + biofertilizer consortium (4 kg ha-1 seedling) as root dip + rock phosphate (17 kg ha-1) recorded the highest grain yield (38.05 qha-1) with significant increase in yield components of the crop.Application of green manure + Vermicompost + Azolla + biofertilizer consortium as root dip + rock phosphate significantly produced higher plant height (78.5cm), leaf area index (4.3), flag leaf area (35.3cm-2), total Chlorophyll content (3.5mgg-1fwt), panicles m-2 (304.3), panicle length (28.2 cm), grains panicle-1(108.4),panicle weight (2.7 g), harvest index (35.2 %) and 1000 grain weight(23.6 g). The organic treatments also significantly enhanced the growth physiology viz., crop growth rate, specific leaf weight and net assimilation rate of the plant.
Soil microbial and enzymatic responses to various sources of potassium in fodder maize and sugargraze
Authors:   ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, (Haryana) 132 001, K RANAJIT
Published: May 2022

The field experiment was conducted during Kharif season of 2018 at NDRI, Karnal to study the influence of various sources of potassium on soil microbial population, enzymatic activities and yield of fodder crops. The experiment was laid out in the split-plot design with 16 treatment combinations and replicated thrice. In the main plot treatment, two fodder crops, viz., maize (Zea mays) and sugargraze (Sorghum bicolor L. × Sweet sorghum × Sorghum sudanese L.), were included while potassium treatments were executed under subplot treatment. The results revealed that, application of K50 + KSB + 2% KNO3 had a significant influence on biomass production and 30.3 and 22.4% green and dry fodder yield, enhancement was recorded over control. Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was not significantly affected by fodder maize and sugargraze crops at 30 DAS and harvest. However, potassium application had significant influence on soil MBC and a higher values (167 and 185 µg/g dry soil) were recorded with K25 + KSB + 2% KNO3 treatment at 30 DAS and harvest over control, respectively. The soil enzymatic activities dehydrogenase (17.4 and 21.9 µg TPF/g soil/day) and phosphatase (55.4 and 72.8 µg PNP/g soil/hr.) and microbial population counts viz., bacteria (17.12 × 106 and 27.45 × 106 CFU/g soil), actinomycetes (28.2 × 105 and 36.2 × 105 CFU/g soil) and fungi (12.8 × 105 and 18.3 × 105 CFU/g soil) were also remarkably influenced with potassium treatments and found significantly higher at 30 DAS and harvest respectively over control under application of K25 + KSB + 2%.
Nghiên cứu thực nghiệm xác định ứng xử chịu cắt của dầm bê tông có cốt thép đai bị ăn mòn được tăng cường bằng bê tông cốt lưới dệt
Authors: Nguyễn Huy Cường , Đinh Hữu Tài , Lê Minh Cảnh
Published: May 2022

Ăn mòn cốt thép trong bê tông là một trong những nguyên nhân chính gây ra hư hỏng và suy thoái cho kết cấu bê tông cốt thép. Bê tông cốt lưới dệt (TRC) là một công nghệ mới trong việc sửa chữa và tăng cường kết cấu bê tông, bao gồm cả tăng cường sức kháng uốn, sức kháng cắt và sức kháng nén. Bài báo này trình bày một số kết quả nghiên cứu thực nghiệm để xác định ứng xử chịu cắt của dầm bê tông có cốt thép đai bị ăn mòn được tăng cường bằng bê tông cốt lưới dệt (TRC). Sức kháng cắt của các dầm BTCT bị ăn mòn và của lớp TRC với hàm lượng cốt lưới dệt thay đổi sẽ được đánh giá chi tiết. Trong nghiên cứu này, có 18 dầm được thí nghiệm, trong đó có 12 dầm được gia tốc quá trình ăn mòn điện hóa trong thời gian 60 và 90 ngày để đạt được mức độ mất mát khối lượng lý thuyết 10% và 20% với cốt thép đai. Quá trình điện hóa được thực hiện đối với cốt thép đai trong đoạn chiều dài chịu cắt của dầm thí nghiệm. Các dầm đối chứng được thí nghiệm uốn ba điểm để xác định sức kháng cắt. Tám dầm BTCT bị ăn mòn được tăng cường với 2 và 3 lớp lưới sợi các bon, có cấu trúc dạng chữ U. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu của chương trình thí nghiệm này là xác định ứng xử chịu cắt của các dầm được tăng cường, bao gồm quan hệ lực – độ võng, cấu trúc vết nứt, sức kháng cắt và các dạng phá hoại. Kết quả thí nghiệm cho thấy, đối với các dầm bị ăn mòn mạnh, sức kháng cắt của các dầm được tăng cường bằng 2 và 3 lớp lưới sợi đã tăng lên 42,5% và 60,6%.
A Comprehensive Overview of Telegram Services - A Case Study
Authors: Thomas Laiby , Bhat Subramanya
Published: May 2022

Background/Purpose: Telegram is an internationally available, free, instant messaging service. Over the years, Telegram has established itself as a trailblazer and innovative choice in the domain of instant messaging services. Telegram supports a wide range of devices and is available for iOS, Android, macOS, Windows as well as Linux. Telegram’s cross-platform support is one of the reasons why it has achieved over a billion downloads and 500 million monthly active users. This paper investigates the features of the Telegram app, services offered, its corporate background and financial information related to the Telegram as an organization. The authors have also presented a SWOT analysis on Telegram, along with their observations and recommendations for improving Telegram’s services.

Objective: To examine the features and services of Telegram in depth and look at the aspect that contributed to its success.

Design/Methodology/Approach: Undertaking a case study by collecting data from secondary sources and presenting a comprehensive SWOT analysis on the subject of study.

Findings/Result: Telegram's ultimate aim, according to research conducted through numerous resources and analysis of facts and figures, is not to earn money, and it provides a plethora of security features that have made it popular in recent years.

Originality/Value: A study based on existing literature and online resources to create a comprehensive overview of the subject of study.

Paper Type: Case study analysis.
Energizing Low Power Devices by Harvesting Energy from Ubiquitous Electromagnetic Wave Resources
Authors: Janani V  , Mahalakshmi M  , Mathimaran M  , Mohan Raj R  , Subhashini N
Published: May 2022

In the recent years most of the devices are designed with low power consumption such as wearable devices, remote monitoring sensors, sensors used in fashionablecities. However, even long lasting batteries have a limited lifespan and must be replaced every few years. Replacements of batteries become costly when there are hundreds of sensors in rural areas.Technologies of Energy harvesting, on the other hand, provide infinite operating life of low-power equipment and avoid the need to replace batteries where it is costly, impractical or hazardous. Energy Harvesting (EH) is a process wherein the sources such as mechanical load, vibrations, temperature gradients and light, etc., serve as the resource from which the energy harvested and transformed to obtain relatively small levels of power in the range of nW-mW. The transducer converts one form of energy to other form usually electrical signal. The output obtained from the RF antenna is sent for power conditioning to ensure the operating frequency, voltage and current. The received RF signal is given to the matching network to provide proper impedance matching between the antenna and the signal conditioning circuit. The received RF signal is rectified and passed through the voltage multiplier circuit. In order to get sufficient output voltage to drive the device voltage quadrupler is used in the proposed system. As electromagnetic wave is available in surplus in our surrounding, it can be an uninterrupted resource for the energy generation for the device. Energy storage device is associated with the energy scavenging circuitry to enable the energy scavenged to be utilized for future purpose. The proposed system meets the state-of-the-art in the field of energy harvesting for low power devices using the RF energy harvesting.
Loan Prediction Using Machine Learning
Authors: Mr. Sangule Umesh  , Mr. Dhotre Shreeyash  , Mr.Raundal Yash  , Mr. Gaikwad Vikas  , Prof. Sharad M Rokade
Published: May 2022

In our banking system, banks have many products to sell but main source of income of any banks is on its credit line. So they can earn from interest of those loans which they credits. A bank's profit or a loss depends to a large extent on loans, whether the customers are paying back the loan or defaulting. By predicting the loan defaulters, the bank can reduce its Non- Performing Assets. This makes the study of this phenomenon very important. Previous research in this era has shown that there are so many methods to study the problem of controlling loan default. But as the right predictions are very important for the maximization of profits, it is essential to study the nature of the different methods and their comparison.
Comparative Study and Analysis of Si/SIC and GaN/AlGaN Based Pin Diode Photo Sensors
Authors: Mrs. Ajanta Palit  , Dr. Karabi Ganguly  , Dr. Moumita Mukherjee
Published: May 2022

The research work has been done through a comparative study and analysis of Si, Sic And GaN, AlGaN based pin diode photo sensors. The devices which are made up of grapheme based materials are actually grapheme based materials which have the properties of good optical and good electrical which can be used as photo detection. So the photo sensors made up of grapheme based materials are expected to perform in high speed opto electronic devices. The author has done a comparison in the analysis of Forward characteristics, Carrier mobility, reverse recovery time, isolation loss and insertion loss of the exotic pin based photo detectors of GaN/ AlGaN and Si SIC based devices for opto electronics applications.
A expansão da competência do Plenário Virtual do STF: colegialidade formal e déficit de deliberação
Authors: Godoy Miguel , Araújo Eduardo Borges Espínola
Published: May 2022

O presente artigo tem por objetivo fazer uma análise da criação e expansão do Plenário Virtual do Supremo Tribunal Federal e demonstra, a partir dos dados de uso do Plenário Virtual, como ele tem sido majoritariamente um espaço de julgamento de colegialidade meramente formal com pouco favorecimento à deliberação entre os ministros quando do exercício do controle de constitucionalidade por essa via de julgamento. Essa análise foi feita por meio de uma metodologia analítico-descritiva do Plenário Virtual, priorizando a pesquisa normativa e bibliográfica sobre sua origem e expansão, bem como por meio de um levantamento e análise dos processos de controle abstrato de constitucionalidade que foram julgados pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal no Plenário Virtual ampliado durante o ano de 2020 e pandemia de COVID-19.
Percutaneous catheter drainage in retroperitoneal abscesses: a single centre’s 8-year experience
Authors: Yildirim Gulsah , Karakas Hakki
Published: May 2022

Purpose

We have investigated the technical and clinical success of percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) in retroperitoneal abscesses and factors that may affect the outcome.

Material and methods

The study cohort included 45 patients (17 females and 29 males, with mean age of 56.3 years) that were treated between 2012 and 2020. Forty-seven abscesses were managed with PCD under ultrasonography, computed tomography, or fluoroscopy guidance. Patients’ demographics, lesion locations, predisposing factors, clini­cal presentation, etiology, radiological findings, technical factors, and outcome parameters were presented using exploratory and descriptive statistics.

Results

Abscesses were located in the psoas (n = 25, 55.3%), renal-perirenal (n = 7, 14.8%), and pararenal (n = 14, 29.7%) compartments. The mean preprocedural volume was 263.3 (30-1310) ml. Pain (abdominal and back) (57.4%) and fever (17%) were the most frequent presenting symptoms. The most common predisposing factors were previous surgery (n = 17, 36.1%) and diabetes mellitus (n = 11, 25.5%). Clinical success was attained in 89.3% of abscesses (definitive treatment 72.3% and partial success 17.0%). There was a statistically significant difference between the iatrogenic and non-iatrogenic groups regarding clinical success (p = 0.031). No mortality was encountered. The complication rate was 6.6% and were all minor. The average rate of recurrence was 10.6%. The mean time to catheter removal was 15.8 ± 13.2 days.

Conclusions

PCD is a safe and effective procedure in the treatment of retroperitoneal abscesses. Procedure-related mortality, morbidity, and complication rates are low. Underlying etiology is a significant factor affecting the outcome. Nevertheless, PCD may provide definitive treatment in the majority of patients.
Microorganismos del género Trichoderma productores de fitohormonas y antagonistas de fitopatógenos
Authors: López-Valenzuela Blanca , Tzintzun-Camacho Olivia , Armenta-Bojórquez Adolfo , Valenzuela-Escoboza Fernando , Lizárraga-Sánchez Glenda , Ruelas-Islas Jesús , González-Mendoza Daniel
Published: May 2022

Los productos químicos aplicados indiscriminadamente en la agricultura, han causado graves desequilibrios al ambiente; por ello, la necesidad de utilizar alternativas sustentables como los bioinoculantes. Se evaluaron cinco cepas de Trichodermaspp. como productoras de ácidos orgánicos, auxinas, giberelinas, así como su efecto sobre el porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento radial (PICR) y su capacidad antagónica contra los fitopatógenos Fusarium oxysporum, Alternariaspp. y Helminthosporiumspp. presentes en el noroeste mexicano. Los resultados mostraron quelas cepas segregaron ácidos orgánicos, y a las 72 horas se observó la máxima producción. Todas las cepas sintetizaron auxinas y giberelinas, y entre ellas, TF presentó la mayor producción de auxinas (35,3 μg∙mL-1), mientras que para las giberelinas no se presentaron diferencias significativas entre las cepas. En el PICR, el mayor valor contra Fusarium oxysporumlo presentaron TB (83,3 %) y TJ3 (81,5 %), mientras que contra Alternariaspp., los valores variaron entre 87,7 % para TB y 86,7 % para TM, sin diferencias significativas entre ellos. Contra Helminthosporiumspp., el mayor valor lo alcanzó TJ3 (76,6 %). Las cepas exhibieron grados 1 y 2 de capacidad antagónica contra los fitopatógenos, demostrando su potencial para ser evaluadas como controladores biológicos e inductoras de crecimiento vegetal, combinación promisoria como producto biotecnológico y alternativa sustentable para el sector agrícola del noroeste de México.
Por mi madre vivo y por mi barrio muero
Authors: Escobar Francisco Andrés
Published: May 2022

¿Qué son las "maras"? ¿Cómo puede explicarse su nacimiento? ¿Cuáles pueden ser las razones por las que un muchacho o una muchacha se incorpora a un grupo de esta naturaleza? ¿Son las "maras" un problema únicamente del país? ¿Hay algunas posibles soluciones, distintas de las estrictamente penales, para lo que parece ser una de las heridas mayores de la sociedad salvadoreña de nuestros días? ¿Están exentas de culpa las generaciones adultas en la provocación de este enorme sangramiento material y espiritual del país?
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 51, No. 570, 1996: 327-349.
ley contra la delincuencia innecesaria
Authors: Campos Solórzano Álvaro Henry
Published: May 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 51, No. 570, 1996: 369-372.
MapStakes: a tool for mapping, involving and monitoring stakeholders in co-creation processes
Authors:   Stockholm Environment Insitute, Barquet Karina , Segnestam Lisa , Dickin Sarah
Published: May 2022

Despite widespread use of stakeholder approaches in environmental research, the tools and methodologies for mapping and involving actors are not particularly robust. Existing approaches can lead to methodological ambiguity, limited transparency in the process of stakeholder selection, and lack of robustness when monitoring and evaluating these processes. To respond to these challenges, we developed a tool for increasing objectivity of stakeholder mapping, engagement, and monitoring of co-creation processes. The tool provides a stepwise approach for users with little or no experience of participatory methods.
Calibration of Line Impedance Stabilization Networks / Artificial Mains Networks in Accordance with CISPR 16-1-2 Ed 2.1 2017-11
Authors:   Standards and Calibration Laboratory, Lai H.W. ,   The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
Published: May 2022

This paper describes a measurement procedure developed by the Standards and Calibration Laboratory (SCL) for measuring the parameters of single phase 50 Ω//(50 μH + 5 Ω) V-network type line impedance stabilization networks (LISN) or artificial mains networks (AMN) specified in the international standard CISPR 16-1-2, which are the impedance at the equipment-under-test (EUT) port, the isolation between the power port and the receiver port, and the voltage division factor between the EUT port and the receiver port. The corresponding measurement models and evaluation of measurement uncertainties are presented. The characterization method of in-house developed adapters for BS1363 type plug and socket is also presented.
Chemically speciated mass size distribution, particle density, shape and origin of non-refractory PM1 measured at a rural background site in central Europe
Authors: Pokorná Petra , Zíková Naděžda , Vodička Petr , Lhotka Radek , Mbengue Saliou , Holubová Šmejkalová Adéla , Riffault Véronique , Ondráček Jakub , Schwarz Jaroslav , Ždímal Vladimír
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Seasonal variability of non-refractory PM1 (NR-PM1) was studied at a rural background site (National Atmospheric Observatory Košetice – NAOK) in the Czech Republic to investigate the effect of regional and long-range atmospheric transport in central Europe. NR-PM1 measurements were performed by compact time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry (C-ToF-AMS), and the chemically speciated mass size
distributions, density, shape, and origin were discussed. Average PM1
concentrations, calculated as the sum of the NR-PM1 and the equivalent black carbon (eBC) concentrations measured by an aethalometer (AE), were 8.58 ± 3.70 µg m−3 in summer and 10.08 ± 8.04 µg m−3 in winter. Organics were dominant during both campaigns (summer/winter: 4.97 ± 2.92/4.55 ± 4.40 µg m−3),
followed by SO42-in summer (1.68 ± 0.81/1.36 ± 1.38 µg m−3)
and NO3- in winter (0.67 ± 0.38/2.03 ± 1.71 µg m−3). The accumulation mode dominated the average mass size distribution during both seasons, with larger particles of all species measured in winter (mode diameters: Org: 334/413 nm, NO3-: 377/501 nm, SO42-: 400/547 nm, and NH4+: 489/515 nm) indicating regional and long-range transport. However, since the winter aerosols were less oxidized than the summer aerosols (comparing fragments f44 and f43), the importance of local sources in the cold part of the year was still enough to be considered. Although aged continental air masses from the south-east (SE) were rare in summer (7 %), they were related to the highest concentrations of PM1, eBC, and all NR-PM1 species, especially SO42- and NH4+. In winter, slow continental air masses from the south-west (SW) (44 %) were linked to inversion conditions over central Europe and were associated with the highest concentrations among all NR-PM1 species as well as PM1 and eBC. Average PM1 material density (ρm) corresponded to higher inorganic contents in both seasons (summer: ∼ 1.30 g cm−3 and winter: ∼ 1.40 g cm−3).
During episodes of higher mass concentrations ρm ranged
from 1.30–1.40 g cm−3 in summer and from 1.30–1.50 g cm−3 in winter. The dynamic shape factors (χ) decreased slightly with particle mobility diameter (Dm) in both seasons. This study provides insights into the seasonal effects and air mass variability on aerosol particles, focusing on episodes of high mass and number concentrations measured at a central European rural background site.
Probabilistic soil moisture dynamics of water- and energy-limited ecosystems
Authors: Muñoz Estefanía , Ochoa Andrés , Poveda Germán
Published: May 2022

Abstract. We present an extension of the stochastic ecohydrological model for soil moisture dynamics at a point of RodríguezIturbe et al. (1999) and Laio et al. (2001). In the original model, evapotranspiration is a function of soil moisture and vegetation parameters, which makes the model suitable for water–limited environments. Based on the Leuning’s stomatal conductance approach, the C3 photosynthesis model of Farquhar et al. and the Penman–Monteith equation, we model daily transpiration as a negative exponential function of available photosynthetically active radiation. This function allowed us to broaden the Rodríguez-Iturbe et al. (1999) and Laio et al. (2001) model to encompass both water– and energy–limited ecosystems by introducing the dependence of maximum evapotranspiration on available photosynthetically active radiation. We illustrate the extended model with two study cases from the FLUXNET database, DE–Hai in Germany and GF–Guy in French Guiana, and analyze the sensibility of soil moisture dynamics and the long-term water balance to available radiation. Our results show that the analytical solution presented by Rodríguez-Iturbe et al. (1999) continues to be valid as the maximum evapotranspiration rate is calculated in terms of available energy and assuming stationary in the radiation regime.
A template to obtain information on gravitational mass movements from the spectrograms of the seismic signals generated
Authors: Suriñach Emma , Flores-Márquez E. Leticia
Published: May 2022

Abstract. We present a template that helps in the classification of gravitational mass motions (snow avalanches, lahars and debris flows) by simply overlaying it graphically with the corresponding spectrogram of the generated seismic signal at the same scale. The template is created with different values of a parameter β'  that allows us to analytically reproduce the exponential form of the increase in amplitude of high frequencies in time of the SON (Signal Onset) section of the spectrogram when the mass movement descends a slope and approach a seismic sensor. This increasing shape is a consequence of the appearance of energy at high frequencies as the gravitational mass approaches the seismic sensor. We present a methodology that includes a link between the propagation properties of seismic waves and the results of the application of an image processing using the Hough transform to demonstrate that this shape is related to the speed of the avalanche and the characteristics of the terrain. Seismic data generated by lahars, debris flows, and avalanches are used for the study. Depending on the type of event, differences are obtained in the order of magnitude of the values of β'. The mean value of β'  for lahars is around 0.003 s-1, that for debris flows is an order of magnitude greater (0.017 s-1) and an order of magnitude less than that for avalanches (0.12 s-1). Furthermore, differences in β'  are observed within each type of event. Once the appropriated value of β'  has been determined, the characteristics of the mass movement must be set according to expert judgement. This must be done for each site and for each type of gravitational mass movement. The application of the templates to the data of lahars and an avalanche recorded in two different places of its trajectory is presented as an example.
Empirical values and assumptions in the convection schemes of numerical models
Authors: Villalba-Pradas Anahí , Tapiador Francisco J.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Convection influences climate and weather events over a
wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Therefore, accurate predictions
of the time and location of convection and its development into severe
weather are of great importance. Convection has to be parameterized in
global climate models and Earth system models as the key physical processes
occur at scales much lower than the model grid size. This parameterization
is also used in some numerical weather prediction (NWP) models when
convection is not explicitly resolved. The convection schemes described in
the literature represent the physics by simplified models that require
assumptions about the processes and the use of a number of parameters based
on empirical values. These empirical values and assumptions are rarely
discussed in the literature. The present paper examines these choices and
their impacts on model outputs and emphasizes the importance of observations
to improve our current understanding of the physics of convection. The focus
is mainly on the empirical values and assumptions used in the activation of
convection (trigger), the transport and microphysics (commonly referred to
as the cloud model), and the intensity of convection (closure). Such
information can assist satellite missions focused on elucidating convective
processes (e.g., the INCUS mission) and the evaluation of model output
uncertainties due to spatial and temporal variability of the empirical
values embedded into the parameterizations.
System vulnerability to flood events and risk assessment of railway systems based on national and river basin scales in China
Authors: Zhu Weihua , Liu Kai , Wang Ming , Ward Philip J. , Koks Elco E.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Floods have negative effects on the reliable operation of
transportation systems. In China alone, floods cause an average of
∼1125 h of railway service disruptions per year. In this
study, we present a simulation framework to analyse the system vulnerability
and risk of the railway system to floods. First, we developed a novel
methodology for generating flood events at both the national and river basin
scale. Based on flood hazard maps of different return periods, independent
flood events are generated using the Monte Carlo sampling method. Combined
with network theory and spatial analysis methods, the resulting event set
provides the basis for national- and provincial-level railway risk
assessments, focusing in particular on train performance loss. Applying this
framework to the Chinese railway system, we show that the system
vulnerability of the Chinese railway system to floods is highly
heterogeneous as a result of spatial variations in the railway topology and
traffic flows. Flood events in the Yangtze River basin show the largest
impact on the national railway system, with approximately 40 % of the
national daily trains being affected by a 100-year flood event in that
basin. At the national level, the average percentage of daily affected
trains and passengers for the national system is approximately 2.7 % of
the total daily number of trips and passengers. The event-based approach
presented in this study shows how we can identify critical hotspots within a
complex network, taking the first steps in developing climate-resilient infrastructure.
Characterizing the sea-ice floe size distribution in the Canada Basin from high-resolution optical satellite imagery
Authors: Denton Alexis Anne , Timmermans Mary-Louise
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The sea-ice floe size distribution (FSD) characterizes
the sea-ice response to atmospheric and oceanic forcing and is important for
understanding and modeling the evolving ice pack in a warming Arctic. FSDs
are evaluated from 78 floe-segmented high-resolution (1 m) optical satellite
images capturing a range of settings and sea-ice states during spring
through fall from 1999 to 2014 in the Canada Basin. For any given image, the
structure of the FSD is found to be sensitive to a classification threshold
value (i.e., to specify an image pixel as being either water or ice) used in
image segmentation, and an approach to account for this sensitivity is
presented. The FSDs are found to exhibit a single power-law regime between
floe areas 50 m2 and 5 km2, characterized by exponents (slopes in
log-log space) in the range −2.03 to −1.65. A distinct linear relationship
between slopes and sea-ice concentrations is found, with steeper slopes
(i.e., a larger proportion of smaller to larger floes) corresponding to
lower sea-ice concentrations. Further, a seasonal variation in slopes is
found for fixed sites in the Canada Basin that undergo a seasonal cycle in
sea-ice concentration, while sites with extensive sea-ice cover year-round
do not exhibit any seasonal change in FSD properties. Our results suggest
that sea-ice concentration should be considered in any characterization of a
time-varying FSD (for use in sea-ice models, for example).
Contrasting geophysical signatures of a relict and an intact Andean rock glacier
Authors: de Pasquale Giulia , Valois Rémi , Schaffer Nicole , MacDonell Shelley
Published: May 2022

Abstract. In semi-arid Chile, rock glaciers cover more surface area than glaciers and are potentially important water reserves. To understand their current and future hydrological role, it is necessary to characterize their internal structure (e.g. internal boundaries and ice, air, water and rock content). In this study, we present the results and interpretations of profiles of electrical resistivity and refraction seismic tomography collected on two contrasting rock glaciers in the Chilean Andes located at the headwaters of the Elqui River within the Estero Derecho nature reserve. These geophysical measurements are interpreted both independently and jointly through a scheme of petrophysical four-phase inversion. These first in situ measurements in Estero Derecho confirm that El Ternero (intact rock glacier) contains a significant volume of ground ice, while El Jote contains little to no ice (relict rock glacier). Within our study, we highlight the strong differences in the geophysical responses between intact and relict rock glaciers and propose a diagnostic model that differentiates between them.
FEATURES OF ALFALFA PREPARATION ON RICE CROP ROTATION
Authors:   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Republic of Kazakhstan, Koptileuov B.Zh. , Abuova N.A. ,   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata,Republic of Kazakhstan, Ondasynov B. ,   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: May 2022

Currently, the technological processes of preparation of alfalfa as fodder in the rice crop rotation in the districts of Kyzylorda region and the coefficient of technical readiness of equipment used for mechanization does not exceed 0,7 and the load per unit of equipment is 1.2-1.6 times higher than the norm. The article considers the interaction between the technical means of preparation of alfalfa as fodder and the probable nature of the processed material and the factors influencing the external environment, taking into account the interrelationships between them. In order to substantiate the technology of alfalfa preparation, the general service theory (GPP), probability theory, reliability theory were used. Experimental studies were conducted in irrigated fields of Kyzylorda oblast and using natural experiments, time calculations and simulation models developed using experiments. The results of the research were processed using the methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics. On the basis of natural and computational experiments of technology of preparation, transportation and storage of fodder, analytical dependences of performance indicators of the main natural and technological factors characterizing operating conditions of system are defined. operating modes allow to increase the efficiency of production processes of preparation, transportation and storage of fodder in real production conditions.
THE EFFECT OF LIQUID BIOLOGICAL FERTILIZER "TUMAT" AND THE AMOUNT OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON THE FORMATION OF SPRING WHEAT YIELD
Authors:   LLP ", Toktamysov A.M. ,   Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Rice Growing named after Zhakhaeva",   Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan, Baimbetova G.Z. ,   TARAZ Regional University named after M.H. Dulati, Taraz city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Nalibayeva T.A. ,   LLP "Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Rice Growing named after Zhakhaeva" Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: May 2022

Қызылорда облысында жаздық бидай негізінен суармалы жерлерде өсіріледі. Бидайды күріш ауыспалы егісіне енгізіп, мелиоративті танаптарда өсіру бұл дақылдың өсіру технологиясын жетілдіруді, әсіресе биологиялық тыңайтқыштар мен минералды тыңайтқыштарды бірге қолдану жүйесін және суару режимін оптимизациялауды қажет етеді. Жаздық бидайды агротехникалық рөлі де үлкен, өйткені ауыспалы егістегі суармалы жерлер тиімділігін арттырады, суды үнемдейді, жалпы дән өнімі артады. Жаздық бидайдың өнімділігі көптеген факторларға, соның ішінде табиғи экологиялық және техногендік (антропогендік) факторларға байланысты. Аймақтағы табиғи экологиялық факторлар (жарық және температура режимдері, жауын-шашын мөлшері, оның маусымдық және әр жылдары бойынша өзгеруін т.б.) адамзат әрекеті арқылы реттелінбейді, оған бидай дақылы, оның сорттары бейімделуі керек. Арал өңіріндегі экологиялық жағдайдың өзгеруіне байланысты топырақтың тұздануы күшейе түсуде, сыртқы қолайсыз әсерлерден топырақ құнарлылығы төмендеп, оның физикалық-химиялық қасиеттері нашарлай түсуде. Инженерлі дайындалған суармалы жерлерде топырақтағы тұзданған топырақтар саны мен көлемі жылдан-жылға артып келеді. Ауыл шаруашылығы дақылдарын өте тұзданып сортаңданған топырақта өсірілгенде себілген тұқымның шығымдылығы төмендейді, өсіп шыққан өскіннің төзімділігі нашарлап, өнімділігі азаяды, фотосинтездеуші мүшелерінің мысалы, жапырақ көлемі кішірейіп, дән өнімі төмендейді, егістіктегі өсімдіктердің әртүрлі аурулармен ауыруы артады
TECHNOLOGY OF IRRIGATION OF SORGHUM FODDER CROP BY LOW-PRESSUREDRIPSYSTEMINTHECONDITIONSOFKYZYLORDAREGION
Authors:   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Tazhenova S.K. , Shomantaev A.A. ,   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda city, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: May 2022

Мақалада өлкенің климаттық топырақ ерекшелігіне байланысты жоғары сапалы, тұрақты өнім беретін мал азықтық дақыл – қант құмайын пайдалану қарастырған. Әлемдік климаттың өзгеруімен жер бетіндегі халық санының өсуінен азық-түліктің жетіспеушілігі, мал шаруашылығын дамыту мақсатында ғалымдар мен сарапшылар ерекше көңілді қант құмайына бөлуде. Көптеген факторлардан еліміздегі тұзданған жер көлемі жылдан жылға артуда. Құмай ең алдымен ең аз транспирация коэффициентімен ерекшелінеді. Мысалы, күнбағыс судың – 895 бөлігін, жүгері – 388, ал қант құмайы – 300 бөлігін тұтынады. Қант құмайы мал шаруашылығының өнімділігін, сапасын жақсартады. Жүгері сияқты дәстүрлі сүрлем дақылына қант құмайын пайдалануға болады. Ол қант құмайын пайдаланудың әмбебаптылығымен, ыстыққа, құрғаққа төзімділігімен және жоғары өнімділімен түсіндіріледі. Сондықтан Арал өңірінің Қазақстан бөлігі үшін, мал азығы дақылдары технологиясының элементтерін зерттеудің маңызы зор. Қант құмайы дақылын, құрғақ Арал өңірі аймағындағы егу, мал шаруашылығына қажетті мал азығының базасын нығайтудың маңызды резерві болып табылады. Әлемдік өсімдік ресурстардың арасында қант құмайы ыстыққа, құрғаққа, тұзды топыраққа төзімділігімен және жоғары өнімділігімен ерекшеленеді. Қант құмайының су шығыны жүгерімен салыстырғанда бір жарым есе аз және астық дақылдарымен салыстырғанда екі есе аз жұмсайды. Қант құмайынан алынатын құрғақ заттың шығымы жүгерімен салыстырғанда 30% жоғары.
OBTAINING BIOCHAR FROM RICE WASTE
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan,Republic of Tatarstan,Russian Federatio, Bazarbaev B.M. , Zhapparbergenov R.U. ,   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kanzhar S.A. ,   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan, Appazov N.O. ,   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: May 2022

Приводятся результаты исследований по получению биоугля из рисовой шелухи и соломы. Проведен подбор оптимальных условий проведения термолиза, такие как продолжительность и температура процесса. Продукты термолиза охарактеризованы на адсорбционную активность по йоду, суммарный объем пор по воде и на насыпную плотность. Пористая структура полученных продуктов изучена растровой электронной микроскопией. По результатам проведенных исследований найдено, что биоугли полученные из шелухи и соломы при продолжительности термолиза 30 мин имеют низкие сорбционные характеристики по йоду и объемы пор по воде. При увеличении продолжительности термолиза улучшаются сорбционные характеристики, оптимальной для шелухи является продолжительность термолиза 60 мин при температуре 500°С, а для соломы оптимальным является продолжительность термолиза 60 мин при температуре 300°С. Самым оптимальным вариантом является биоуголь полученный из рисовой соломы при продолжительности 60 мин и температуре термолиза 300°С, имеющий адсорбционную активность по йоду 54,61%, суммарный объем пор по воде 0,941 см3/г и насыпную плотность 169,29 г/дм3. Полученные биоугли из рисовой шелухи и соломы изучены методом растровой электронной микроскопии при 4300 и 5000 кратном увеличении, они имеют развитую пористую структуру. По литературным данным известно, что биоуголь также можно использовать, как возобновляемый источник энергии. Проведены исследования по определению теплотворной способности полученных биоуглей. Для сравнения теплотворной способности рисовой шелухи, соломы и полученных биоуглей были определены их теплоты сгорания на калориметре. Самую высокую энергию теплоты сгорания имеет биоуголь полученный из шелухи при продолжительности 60 мин и температуре термолиза 400°С со значением 17,520 кДж/г, оптимальным для биоугля, полученного из соломы является продолжительность 60 мин и температура термолиза 400°С со значением 16,451 кДж/г. Полученные экспериментальные данные позволяют применить полученный биоуголь из рисовой соломы в перспективе как биоудобрение для улучшения характеристик почв, а такжебиоуголь, полученный из рисовой шелухи применить для получения возобновляемого топлива
THE CONTENT OF RESEARCH TASKS USED IN THE COURSE OF COMPREHENSIVE FIELD PRACTICE IN BIOLOGY
Authors:   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Nazarova G.A. , Sadykanova G.E. ,   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Berdenkulova A.Zh. ,   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: May 2022

This article discusses issues related to the methodology of organizing a comprehensive field training practice of students in the specialty "Biology". Field training practice in the specialty 6B01517 - " Biology" is conducted comprehensively in the disciplines of "Soil Science","Plant physiology","Genetics","Methods of teaching biology" and "Evolution". In field training practice in biological disciplines, the requirements for the preparation of research assignments are systematized. In addition, the content of the stages of students' activities in the process of performing educational research tasks is described. In a comprehensive field training practice, the content of tasks is given, which should set the student a task that he must solve, and teach him to solve it with the help of appropriate experiments and observations. Each task performed in field training practice should teach the student to solve a problem that helps him to make decisions through experiment and observation. If necessary, each work should be reviewed, and it should be a small, simple, complete study. The student should be able to discuss the results of his experience with the teacher, as well as draw conclusions from it so that he can get a clear and precise answer to the question posed. It is important that every experience ends to the end. These basic strict pedagogical rules must be followed. When developing the content of the educational field of biology practice, we are guided by the following provisions: integration of education support through the use of interdisciplinary connections; differentiation of scientific information-to preserve the internal structure of the discipline, the development of the scientific information system and its systemic perception, optimization of the logical structure of the topic is necessary; strengthening the direction of professional training. The article also discusses a number of requirements that research tasks must meet during field training in a biological discipline. The content of educational field practice is described in the form of an accumulated system of educational and research tasks in biological disciplines
FEATURES OF EFFECTIVE USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty city,Republic of Kazakhstan, Tazhmakhanova N.B. , Abdrasulova Zh.T. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty city,Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: May 2022

Мақалада мектепте биологияны оқытуда заманауи білім беру жүйесінде заманауи техникалық құралдарды жүйелі қолдану тереңдей қамтылады. Қазіргі біздің ғасыр – ақпаратқа толы ғасыр, яғни ақпараттық технологиялардың дамуы дәуірінде, еліміздің болашағы – жас ұрпаққа заманауи білім беруді қамтамасыз ету және жан-жақты дамуға жәрдемдесу үшін оқытушыдан шығармашылық ізденісті, үлкен сұранысты талап етеді. Қазіргі уақытта білім беру саласында кадрлар даярлауды заманауи техникалық құралдардың көмегінсіз ұйымдастыру мүмкін болмайды. Сол себептң, қазіргі білім беру жүйесіндегі маңызды мәселелердің бірі де бірегейі оқытуды толығымен ақпараттандыру, яғни білім беру үрдісінде ақпараттық технологияны қолдану болып саналады. Оқытудың кез-келген технологиясы іс-әрекеттің белсенділігін жоғарылатуға, оқу процесін арттыруға, сонымен қатар, тұлғаны жетілдіруге, дамытуға бағытталған. Сонымен қатар, мақалада білім беру мен тәрбие жұмысына жаңалық енгізу, жаңа әдістемелік тәсілдерді, жабдықтарды, жаңа тұжырымдамаларды құру және оларды қолдану толық жеткізіледі. Биологияны оқытуда заманауи техникалық құралдар, атап айтқанда, аудио, медиа, видео құралдар, сонымен қоса, инновациялық әдістер арқылы жүргізілген сабақтың әдістемесінің тиімділігі мақалада көрсетілген.
JUSTIFICATION OF OPTIMAL DESIGN PARAMETERS TRAY TO BALERS FOR SIDE UNLOADING OF BALES
Authors:   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Akhanov S.M. , Abuova N.A. ,   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Baizhanova B.K. ,   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan, Nurzhan D.Zh. ,   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: May 2022

The main task of agriculture is to provide the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan with food. In accordance with the program of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan on import substitution and increase in crop and livestock production, this is an urgent task of agricultural production. The article deals with the issues of increasing the productivity of animal husbandry and increasing the number of livestock, and it is argued that their solution largely depends on the creation of a solid forage base. Pressed hay influences the increase in milk yield and meat weight gain in the winter stall period. In the annual structure of the feed ration, the share of pressed hay reaches 54%. Thus, 1 kg of hay contains 8...15% protein, 23...32% fiber and up to 30 mg of carotene. Pressed hay can be stored for up to three years without losing its nutritional qualities, which allows farms to create an insurance stock. The natural, climatic and production features of the Kyzylorda region make it possible to harvest high-quality pressed hay in engineering rice irrigation systems
THE PROBLEM OF STANDARDIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE DISPOSAL
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Danlybaeva A.K. , Mazhitova A.M. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty city, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: May 2022

Өнеркәсіптік қалдықтардың едәуір мөлшерінің жинақталуы мен жыл сайынғы өсуі нақты экологиялық қауіп төндіреді. Мақалада Қазақстан Республикасындағы өнеркәсіптік қалдықтардың қазіргі жағдайы, сондай-ақ қалыптасқан жағдайды жақсарту бойынша қабылданып жатқан шаралар қарастырылды. Өнеркәсіптік қалдықтарды кәдеге жарату мәселесі қазіргі уақытта қалдықтардың пайда болу көлемінің үнемі өсіп келе жатқандығына байланысты өткір сипатқа ие болуда, ал оларды өңдеу қарқыны салыстыруға келмейді. Нәтижесінде осы уақытқа дейін жүздеген миллион тонна түрлі қалдықтар жиналды, оларды қайта өңдеу және залалсыздандыру қажет. Бүгінгі таңда Қазақстанның жаһандық мәселелерінің бірі осы қалдықтарды кәдеге жарату және қайта өңдеу. Бұл тек Қазақстанға ғана емес, бүкіл әлемге қатысты мәселе. Бүкіл адамзат бұрыннан өндірістік қалдықтардың ресурстық әлеуеті оны жоюға ғана емес, оны пайдалануға да мұқтаж деген қорытындыға келді. Бұл ретте өндірістік қалдықтар мәселесі бойынша алдымызға мақсат пен міндет қоюымыз керек, өйткені қоқысты кез келген бағамен қайта өңдеу қажет. Мақалада осы мәселелерді талдай келе өндірістік қалдықтардың сипаттамасы, «қауіпті қалдықтар» терминінің анықтамасы, қалдықтармен жұмыс істеу, кәсіпорындардағы қауіпті қалдықтарды есепке алу және тексеру, қалдықтарды тасымалдау және орналастыру мәселелері қамтылған, заңнамалық және нормативтік-техникалық құжаттамалар тізімі берілген.