bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiplicity Counting Deadtime Corrections for Correlated Neutron Pulse Streams
Authors: Nizhnik Vladimir
Published: October 2024

We offer a generalization of the conventionally used dead-time correction formulas, provided by Dytlewski, for neutron multiplicity counting. This aims to take into account the conditional effects of gate opening and in-gate neutron losses, and thus, extends to correlated pulse streams. The provided formulas are simple and include explicitly corrected rates obtained with the conventional method. In the limit of weakly correlated pulses with low count rates the generalized formulas reduce to Dytlewski’s expressions. We also performed the numerical validation of the method by simulating pulse-trains sets, evaluating the generalized dead-time correction accuracy and comparing it to the conventional one.
Pathologic In Vivo Assay of the Helicobacter Molecular Infection in Stomach Tissue Using Carbon Nanotube Micro Sensor
Authors: Lee Kyung , Jun Sihyun , Oh Yeseul , Ly Suw Young
Published: October 2024

Biomolecular detections of Helicobacter pylori(HP) were compared using specially modified sensors and fluorine immobilized on a carbon nanotube (HFCNT) electrode, which yielded sensitive results. Handheld voltammetric circuits were used for optimization. An anodic voltammogram of HP molecular oxidation was obtained at 0.0 V (versus the Ag/AgCl/KCl) in a 0.1M NH4H2PO4 electrolyte solution. Under optimized conditions, the analytical working range was 2.98x103-22.127x103 CFU/ml HP using square wave (SW) stripping voltammetry, precision of R2 =0.9857 (SWSV), the detection limit approached to 2.5x102 CFU/ml HP (S/N=3).The developed techniques have been applied to diagnosis of early-stage HP infections using stomach tissue from healthy humans and gastric patients.
Cancerous Stem Cells and Meningioma Development
Authors: Aldeaf Sawsan , Gassoum Alsadig , Elsadig Nihad , Abdelrahem Nahla , Hussin Salma , Mohamed Hadab , Elhassan Lamyaa , Ibrahim Montaser , Fadl-Elmula Imad , Arbab Mohamed
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe first histogenetic concepts favored dural origin of meningioma which was based on its dural attachment and thus meningiomais thought to arise from arachnoidal cap cells (meningiothelial) The micro environment which contains cancerous stem cell, is called cellular environment which is essential for tumor survival. Cancerous stem cell (CSC) is capable of initiating tumor growth and metastasis and stem cell marker are known to used by scientists to isolate and identify certain stem cell.This study aims to describe the stem cell markers CD44, CD73 and CD 105 in meningioma among Sudanese patients and to isolate cancerous stem cells (CSCs) from meningioma tissues samples and test its in-vivo growth in Albino-Wister rats Material and methodsThis is a prospective cross-sectional experimental study done at the National Center of Neurological Sciences (NCNS) Khartoum, from 2019 to 2021. All established cranial meningioma patients were included. Tumor specimens were processed for RNA extraction and PCR. Tumor specimens were processed for RNA extraction and PCR. Twelve tissue samples were further processed for stem cells isolation and identificationTumor genesis of the isolated CSCs was tested through in-vivo application of the cells on brains of Albino Wister rats. The animals were sacrificed 3 months later and slices of the fixed brains were stained with H&E and studied microscopically for histopathology verification of the growing cells and further confirmed by immune-histochemistry using epithelial membrane antigen and progesterone receptor as specific cell markers for meningioma.ResultsA total of 23 meningioma cases were enrolled in the study. All sample expressed CD44, but CD73 and CD 105 expression was variable not on the different subtype, but within the same type .Successful isolation of cultured cells with cardinal features of mesenchymal stem cells was obtained. The implanted cells showed tumor growth consistent histologically and immune-histochemicaly with meningioma.
Comprehensive Representations of Subpixel Land Use and Cover Shares by Fusing Multiple Geospatial Datasets and Statistical Data with Machine-Learning Methods
Authors: Chen Yuxuan , Li Rongping , Tu Yuwei , Lu Xiaochen , Chen Guangsheng
Published: October 2024

Land use and cover change (LUCC) is a key factor influencing global environmental and socio-economic systems. Many long-term geospatial LUCC datasets have been developed at various scales during the recent decades owing to the availability of long-term satellite data, statistical data and computational techniques. However, most existing LUCC products can not accurately reflect the spatiotemporal change patterns of LUCC at regional scale in China. Based on these geospatial LUCC products, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), socioeconomic data, and statistical data, we developed multiple procedures to represent both spatial and temporal changes of the major LUC types by applying machine-learning, regular decision tree and hierarchical assignment methods using the northeastern China (NEC) as a case study. In this approach, each individual LUC type was developed in sequence under different schemes and methods. The accuracy evaluation using sampling plots indicated that our approach can accurately reflect the actual spatiotemporal patterns of LUC shares in the NEC, with an overall accuracy of 0.82, Kappa coefficient of 0.77 and regression coefficient of 0.82. Further comparisons with existing LUCC datasets and statistical data also indicated our approach and dataset can more accurately and comprehensively represent the spatiotemporal patterns of all LUC types at subpixel level. Our approach unfolded the mixed pixel issue and integrated the strengths of all LUCC products through the fusion process. The analysis based on our developed dataset indicated that forest, cropland and built-up land area increased by 17.11×104 km2, 15.19×104 km2 and 2.85×104 km2, respectively during 1980-2020, while grassland, wetland, shrubland and bareland decreased by 26.06×104 km2, 4.24×104 km2, 3.97×104 km2, and 0.92×104 km2, respectively. The temporal change patterns of all these LUC types were consistent with the provincial inventory data. Our developed approach can be widely applied in the entire China and worldwide, and our data products can provide accurate data supports for studying the LUCC consequences and making effective land use policies.
Clinical Manifestations of Acute COVID-19 in Previously Healthy Pediatric Patients Diagnosed by Rapid Antigen Screening in a Community Based, Outpatient Primary Care Pediatrics Practice
Authors: Calderwood Stanley , Montoya Eduardo , Brar Mandeep Singh
Published: October 2024

The PediCenter and Niles Children’s Clinic provide pediatric primary and urgent care services in central California. We remained open throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, providing scheduled well child-care and sick visits. Beginning in September 2020, we implemented a COVID-19 screening program. Screening was performed on all patients presenting for care and was made available to patients requiring testing for any purpose. Herein, we provide results from that program, including a description of clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in our patients. Key findings: 11,649 COVID-19 antigen screening tests were performed (age range 0.1 to 17.0, mean 8.7, SD 4.5). In total, 1,560 pts. (13.4%) tested positive. Among these, 665 (43%) were asymptomatic, 560 (36%) had mild disease, 318 (20%) had moderate disease, and 17 (1%) had severe disease. No critical cases or transfers to the emergency room were reported. Younger patient age was associated with an increased severity of illness, as was time from onset of pandemic. 4,446 patients reported no symptoms at the time of screening, 15% of whom tested positive. 7,203 patients reported symptoms at the time of testing. Among these, 87.6% tested negative and 12.4% tested positive. Disease severity was similar between these 2 groups. COVID-19 is generally a mild respiratory tract infection in healthy children. Screening is effective in identifying cases, including asymptomatic cases. Statistical models further revealed associations between patient age, time from the onset of the pandemic and disease severity.
The ‘Torpedo’ as a Passive Water Sampler for the Detection of Avian Influenza Viruses
Authors: McBean Edward , Bhatti Munir , Hasan Md , Train Joseph , Townsend Trevor , Leonard Alyssa
Published: October 2024

A novel utilization of passive samplers has emerged as a promising method for rapidly assessing the presence of Avian Influenza Virus (AIV), particularly H5N1, which is known for its shedding from infected birds. The passive torpedo sampler procedure for identifying presence of AIV, a carryover from the successful technology used to monitor COVID concentrations in wastewater, is demonstrated in application for detection of AIV. While the potential benefits of the application of this technology are significant, challenges remain that must be addressed to maximize its effectiveness. H5N1 poses a substantial risk due to its ability to survive in the environment for extended periods, with infected birds excreting the virus in feces and saliva for up to ten days. By leveraging this advanced sampling technique, the opportunity exists to enhance surveillance efforts and better understand the dynamics of this virus in avian populations. The torpedo approach for detection of AIV viruses has the potential to increase the surveillance coverage, is less expensive than current procedures, and provides the opportunity for improved accessibility and spatial coverage of areas near chicken barns.
Oral Rehabilitation of Atrophic Maxilla Using Facco Surgical Technique: New Possibility
Authors: Alves Costa Elton Facco , Penteado Marcela Moreira , Dalmolin César Augusto Montanari , Arantes Pedro Henrique Ribeiro
Published: October 2024

Rehabilitation of patients with atrophic maxilla is a challenge in dentistry. However, zygomatic bone is not affected by alveolar bone resorption and could be used to fix implants, but surgical intervention for placing zygomatic implants, with devices currently available on the market, is a challenging and arduous task. The aim of this paper is present a new design device to zygomatic anchorage. The following clinical case an oral rehabilitation of a patient with three-dimensional bone deficiency of the posterior region of maxilla through Facco technique, which uses a new system for zygomatic anchorage, from placement of conventional implant associated with Pilar Z. The new system anchorage facilitated the zygomatic implant installation. Facco surgical technique is a viable alternative to rehabilitation of atrophic maxilla through zygomatic implant.
Pressure-Induced Graphene-like Si Layer in Ductile RuSi2 with Ambient-Pressure Superconductivity and High Hardness
Authors: Zhang Chuanzhao , Wang Yanqi , Li Mengqiu , Yang Fulong , Gao Kaixiong , Jin Yuanyuan , Sun Weiguo
Published: October 2024

Of particular interest is the serendipity of distinctive nonmetallic layered frameworks with the stoichiometry of 1:2 in the binary metallic compounds within inorganic chemistry and materials science. This not only gives rise to the unexpected properties, especially the distinguished superconductivity, as reflected in MgB2, MoB2, NaC2, LaP2 and CeP2, but also strengthens the cognition of the elemental contributions. Although various investigations on the superconducting performances in the alkali, alkaline-earth and rare-earth metal disilicides containing the silicon layers have been reported, the pursuit of superconductors with silicon-planar framework in transition metal disilicides remain unknown up to now. In the present work, crystal structure searches and first-principles calculations were thoroughly conducted in RuSi2 within the pressure range of 0-300 GPa to uncover the novel structures, incredible silicon building block and the amazing properties. The ground orthorhombic Cmca-RuSi2 phase at ambient pressure is a semiconductor with the band gap of 0.485 eV, whose hardness can reach 31.7 GPa. Even more intriguingly, the high-pressure orthorhombic Cmcm-RuSi2 configuration with the fabulous graphene-like silicon-layer, which can be theoretically stabilized with the transformation pressure of 50.97 GPa, can be unexpectedly recovered to ambient pressure. Electron-phonon coupling calculations unravels that it possesses the metallic trait with an estimated Tc value of 1.43 K at 75 GPa, which increases to 10.07 K under ambient pressure. The enhanced Tc stems from the increased density of states at the Fermi level and associated with the coupled vibrations between Ru and the planar Si layer. Meanwhile, the hardness value for Cmcm-RuSi2 is 26.8 GPa under ambient pressure, which further results from the three-dimensional covalent Ru-Si and Si-Si building blocks. The coexistence of superconductivity and high hardness in the Cmcm-RuSi2 configuration under ambient pressure will pave the way for delving into more binary transition-metal silicides and correlated ternary silicides with the profound silicon layers.
Corporate Governance in Estonia: Equilibrium on Board
Authors: Banerjee Supriya , Kogabayev Timur , Värnik Rando
Published: October 2024

This paper starts with an assumption, that there are strong strategic benefits in having boards with members of different backgrounds, experience, and particularly gender, which is reflected in better corporate governance. The central research question of this paper is: To what extent have Estonian listed companies complied with the requirements of the EU law on Gender Balance on Boards compared to other Nordic countries? In the case of Estonia, all listed companies on the Tallinn Stock Exchange are included in our sample. The authors purposely focus on developing ownership strategies to improve diversity on the boards of corporations with concentrated ownership structures, without regard to arguments that emphasize equal rights or a feminist agenda. The methodology part of the study analyses corporate governance in Estonia, followed by a comparative analysis of Nordic countries (Finland, Sweden, Norway) that have successfully increased female representation on boards, providing valuable insights for Estonia’s efforts to enhance gender diversity. The results of the current research are a valuable analytical resource for the Estonian business community, as well as for policymakers.
Complex Photonic Integrated Resonators Modeled Using Scattering Matrix Methods
Authors: Moss David
Published: October 2024

We propose a universal approach for modeling complex integrated photonic resonators based on the scattering matrix method. By dividing devices into basic elements including directional couplers and connecting waveguides, our approach can be used to model integrated photonic resonators with both unidirectional and bidirectional light propagation, with the simulated spectral response showing good agreement with experimental results. A simplified form of our approach, which divides devices into several independent submodules such as microring resonators and Sagnac interferometers, is also introduced to streamline the calculation of spectral transfer functions. Finally, we discuss the deviations introduced by approximations in our modeling, along with strategies for improving modeling accuracy. Our approach is universal across different integrated platforms, providing a useful tool for designing and optimizing integrated photonic devices with complex configurations.
Assessment of Chemical Properties of Groundwater Quality of Larkana City
Authors: Zafarullah Jamali Mir , Sohu Samiullah , Faraz Abro Ahmed , Khoso Salim , Ali Keerio Manthar , Hussain Jakhrani Sadam , Ali Mandan Ayaz , Ali Keryio Jabir
Published: October 2024

Groundwater is the most important source of drinking water in the Sindh Province of Pakistan. However, the quality of this crucial element of life is deteriorating day by day throughout Pakistan, particularly in its Sindh province. Thus the study was carried out to determine the chemical contamination in the groundwater of the Larkana city of Sindh province. A total of 40 samples were collected randomly from various locations in Larkana city. The chemical parameters like pH, Calcium, Magnesium, Total hardness (TH), Arsenic, Chloride, Sodium, Iron, Nitrites, and Nitrates were determined in the laboratory and were compared with WHO permissible limits. The results revealed that 26% of samples had chloride beyond the permissible limit, and 32% of samples had a concentration of Total Hardness (TH) above the desirable limits. Moreover, 6%, 23%, 29%, 92%, and 80%, of samples had a concentration of Nitrates, Nitrites, Sulfate, calcium, and magnesium respectively beyond the permissible limit. However, the concentration of pH, Iron, Sodium, and Arsenic in groundwater was found within the permissible limit.
Epigenetic Regulation of Human Sirtuin 1 Insights into Aging Mechanisms
Authors: Naisam Shahanas , Mohan Aswin , Sreekumar Nidhin
Published: October 2024

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a member of the NAD+-dependent deacetylases, plays a pivotal role in epigenetic regulation related to aging. As the most extensively studied sirtuin, SIRT1 influences numerous cellular processes including metabolism, DNA repair, and cell survival, by deacetylating both histone and non-histone proteins. Epigenetic modifications in SIRT1, such as DNA methylation and post-translational histone modifications, have profound effects on gene expression and chromatin structure, contributing to age-related pathologies including metabolic disorders, neurodegeneration, and cancer. SIRT1 also interacts with several transcription factors such as p53 and FOXO, regulating stress responses and cellular senescence. Its activity is modulated by factors such as NAD+ availability and specific activators like resveratrol, which have been explored for their potential to delay aging processes. The role of SIRT1 in promoting longevity is linked to its involvement in the regulation of key pathways like calorie restriction, a well-established method for extending lifespan in various species. Understanding SIRT1's epigenetic mechanisms offers promising therapeutic avenues for addressing aging and associated diseases.
Implementation of Cellular-Based Drone Module using Cloud Services
Authors: Jotham Adrian Ferdinand , Dirgantara Fussy Mentari , Ruriawan Muhammad Faris
Published: October 2024

The notion of a smart city incorporates the integration of infrastructure, services, and the community and encompasses the deployment of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for monitoring crop fields, facilitating logistics delivery, and performing high-altitude cleaning tasks. In a smart city, the interconnectedness of devices is realized through the medium of the Internet of Things (IoT). This research endeavors to explore the usage of Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) for enabling remote command and control of UAV/UGV modes, leveraging 4G/LTE connectivity as an enabler. 4G/LTE connectivity is known for its improvement in data transfer speed and network capacity, which potentially enables the connection of more devices, including drones. The high availability and scalability of cloud services have become crucial factors in utilizing cloud services as the most cost-effective and expedient relay for connecting two nodes over the internet globally for now. The proposed methodology would be integrated into a smart drone module, which would be deployed at a small scale as a component of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS).
Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) of Indonesian Text Based on Neural Machine Translation (NMT)
Authors: Sartika Nike , Sukmana Yuda
Published: October 2024

Writing errors in Indonesian are often found in various writings made in educational, government and mass media environments. The most dominant error is in spelling. This research proposes a Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) for Indonesian using the Neural Machine Translation (NMT) method, namely seq2seq, which is popularly used for English and has achieved the best performance approaching human capabilities. The model developed is made into a web-based service that is easy for users to access. The datasets used in this experiment are artificial datasets sourced from several studies regarding error analysis in Indonesian. The research results show that with the help of currently available open-source tools such as OpenNMT-py, it is possible to simplify the training process of NMT-based GEC models. Unfortunately, the small number of datasets leads to poor predictions for random sentences.
Dress Code Selection Recommender System Based on Smartphone
Authors: Adhitya Venus Lidzikri , Irsan Muhamad , Fathoni Muhammad Faris , Zakaria Diky
Published: October 2024

In the era of rapidly developing information technology, the existence of smartphones has become an integral part of everyday life. Appearance and choice of dress code play a crucial role in a person's self-image. Therefore, this research aims to design a smartphone-based dress code selection recommendation system. This system will use clothing usage data, user preferences, and event context to provide relevant dress code recommendations. With this solution, it is hoped that users can easily and efficiently choose the appropriate dress code, increase self-confidence, and create a pleasant dressing experience. This research contributes to the development of smartphone-based applications to support users' lifestyle and personal appearance. This application not only provides dress code inspiration, but also makes it easier for users to make decisions regarding clothing choices. Model testing using Machine Learning with the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm shows satisfactory accuracy, precision and recall, namely 83.67%, 83.82% and 99.34%. This application has the potential to be a useful tool helping users live an informed fashion lifestyle and according to personal preferences, and also minimize the waste of time that would occur when choosing clothes.
Glucose Detection Based on Light Reflection in Modulated Optical Fibers for Continuous Diabetes Monitoring
Authors: Gianti Mahmudah Salwa , Fauzi Ahmad , Wahid Muhammad Rizalul , Ridwan Taufik , Mulya Tri Seda
Published: October 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Approximately 463 million adults worldwide have diabetes, and nearly half of them remain undiagnosed. Early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes are crucial to prevent serious complications. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) offers numerous advantages over traditional fingertip blood glucose measurements. CGM allows patients to track their glucose levels in real time, identify patterns, and adjust their diet and medication appropriately. This research presents a novel optical fiber-based glucose sensor utilizing the macrobending modulation technique. This method offers several advantages, including ease of use, low cost, and strong signal generation. The sensor exploits the refractive index difference between the glucose solution and the optical fiber. Variations in glucose concentration induce changes in the refractive index, which are converted into voltage signals. The sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 337 mV/decade and demonstrates a linear relationship between the voltage signal and glucose concentration within the range of 0-10 mM. The macro bending-modulated optical fiber sensor shows potential as a simple, cost-effective, and efficient CGM tool. Further research is necessary to enhance the sensor's sensitivity and stability and to evaluate its performance in biological samples.  
La causa de los indígenas clama por justicia
Authors: González Rafael Jesús
Published: October 2024

El 12 de octubre es una fiesta conocida en varias regiones y épocas con diversos nombres: Día de Colón, Día del descubrimiento, Día de la hispanidad, Día de las Américas, Día de la Raza, Día de los pueblos indígenas. En el México de 1928, ante la insistencia del filósofo José Vasconcelos, entonces Ministro de Educación, se le nombró Día de la Raza; retoma la denominación que establece la Unión Iberoamericana en 1913, para declarar una nueva identidad formada del encuentro de los españoles y los indígenas de las Américas.
Barreras lingüísticas entre profesores universitarios
Authors: Pineda González Laura Lorena
Published: October 2024

Según las tendencias actuales, uno de sus indicadores principales en el desarrollo de los países corresponde a los niveles de producción científica, especialmente a través del comportamiento que observan los profesores en las universidades en productos evaluados, aceptados y comunicados científicamente (publicaciones). Para ello se demanda la adquisición de habilidades relacionadas con el pensamiento crítico, la alfabetización informacional y la cultura científica en la aplicación de diversas competencias: tecnológicas, informativas, lingüísticas y comunicativas, cuya contribución debiera ser reflejada en general en procesos educativos.
La ética de la liberación y la dependencia sur-norte
Authors: Onofre Vilchis Carlos Isidro
Published: October 2024

Este escrito analiza algunas categorías ético- filosóficas del vasto pensamiento del filósofo Enrique Dussel. Sostengo que es necesario reflexionar críticamente aquellos conceptos de las obras dusselianas que resultan temáticamente pertinentes para el tratamiento de la marginación y la exclusión en la situación de dependencia del Sur respecto al Norte, creada por la expansión colonial de Europa, que no se ha modificado esencialmente hasta hoy y que nos remite, de nuevo, por ejemplo: al síndrome de la “colonialidad del poder”.
Presentación: 1968
Authors: Pineda Jaimes Servando
Published: October 2024

En Cuadernos Fronterizos nos hemos propuesto no solamente recordar, para no olvidar ese emblemático 1968 que recorrió al mundo, sino también rendir homenaje y rescatar las historias que desde la periferia dieron sustento y luces al porqué de un movimiento estudiantil de esa envergadura. Cuando uno voltea a ver el octubre de 1968 que culminó con la matanza de Tlatelolco, tiene que volver la vista hacia varios rincones del territorio nacional para poder comprender y contextualizar correctamente lo que pasó en ese año. Y aquí de nuevo aparece Chihuahua como una cuna de esos movimientos transformadores. Lo hizo en 1910 con la Revolución mexicana y lo repite en los meses previos al 68.
Documentos: Manifiesto del Consejo Nacional de Huelga y Telegrama de los Intelectuales Franceses
Authors: Orozco Víctor
Published: October 2024

Publicamos aquí dos documentos significativos sobre la lucha estudiantil-popular de 1968, de fechas inmediatamente posteriores a la masacre de Tlatelolco. Después del brutal golpe violento perpetrado el 2 de octubre de 1968, hubo reacciones diversas, entre ellas de los presos políticos, del propio Consejo Nacional de Huelga (CNH) de intelectuales extranjeros.
Ejemplos de acción pública en el Ayuntamiento de Juárez, 2021-2024
Authors: Palma Rodríguez Shela Ofelia
Published: October 2024

Los gobiernos locales tienen entre sus deberes y retos, proporcionar garantías para el acceso a los Derechos Sociales a su población, de los que algunos son competencia exclusiva de la ciudad mientras que la cobertura de otros requiere la colaboración con el gobierno estatal y federal. Otra responsabilidad de la Administración Municipal, consiste en fomentar y generar espacios seguros para la participación de la población.
Unified Facilities Criteria and Unified Facilities Guide Specifications for Sustainable Military Construction: Concrete, Asphalt, Wood, and Life-Cycle Assessment Perspectives
Authors: Rueppel Talbot B. , Panozzo Brent D. , Fuhler Megan R. , Young Allison R. , Stynoski Peter B. , Stumpf Annette L. , Paris Jerry M. , Casillas Sadie E. , Cox Benjamin C. , Looney Trevor J. , Moser Robert D , Heymsfield Ernest
Published: October 2024

Construction materials such as concrete, asphalt, and wood are essential components for Department of Defense (DoD) Military Construction (MILCON) and construction for contingency operations around the world. From housing facilities, to airfields, to magazines and hardened structures, each of these materials fulfill numerous Army building applications. However, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions stemming from the manufacturing, application, maintenance, and disposal of concrete and steel exact a significant climate burden. Thus, due to their pervasive use and commodity status, the advancement of sustainable concrete, asphalt, and wood materials are a critical driver for GHG mitigation. This report communicates a first step toward decarbonization-focused updates to UFC and UFGS by outlining major specifications related to concrete, asphalt, and wood with near- and long-term strategies to facilitate modernization. The Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) is poised to make a significant impact on the identification and integration of sustainable materials to meet regulatory goals for the re-duction of GHG emissions in MILCON. New guidance will be integrated into UFC and UFGS by leveraging unique re-search, development, test, and evaluation (RDT&E) capabilities in materials science, life-cycle assessment, and federal relationships with discipline working groups.
¿Cómo comprender la relación entre la violencia de género y el abuso de sustancias en mujeres?
Authors: Santoro Domingo Pablo , Casado Aparicio Elena , De Blas Hernando Cristina , Martínez Blanco Marisa , Benedicto Subirá Clara
Published: October 2024

Introducción. Todos los estudios muestran una relación recursiva entre el abuso de sustancias en mujeres y sus experiencias de violencia de género. El objetivo de este artículo es explorar las explicaciones que emplean los y las profesionales sociosanitarios en adicciones para dar cuenta de esta relación. Método. Como parte de una investigación más amplia sobre la atención a violencias de género en los servicios asistenciales a adicciones de la Comunidad de Madrid, se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad con 21 profesionales sociosanitarios. Se realizó un análisis del discurso basado en el concepto de “repertorios interpretativos”. Resultados. Nuestro análisis identificó cuatro repertorios a los que recurrían los profesionales: la relación de pareja con un varón maltratador y drogodependiente; la exacerbación de la violencia en entornos de exclusión social; las trayectorias familiares traumáticas; y la “anestesia” frente a los malestares de género. Cada repertorio visibiliza ciertas dimensiones de la relación entre violencia de género y abuso de sustancias, pero todos presentan limitaciones que impiden comprender de manera holística la interacción entre ambos problemas. Conclusiones. Para poder abordar adecuadamente tanto la violencia de género como el abuso de sustancias en las mujeres, la atención a adicciones necesita integrar los diferentes repertorios en una lógica explicativa integral y multidimensional.
Análisis de la volatilidad del mercado colombiano en el escenario covid-19: una revisión desde los postulados de la geometría fractal y los modelos econométricos
Authors: Acevedo-Amorocho Alejandro , Prada-Marín Dúwamg Alexis , Román-Ordoñez Javier Alexander , Chía-Suarez María Ana Martina , Cala-Díaz María Teresa
Published: October 2024

El análisis del índice MSCI COLCAP de la bolsa de valores en Colombia es crucial para comprender la dinámica del mercado y evaluar su estabilidad y riesgos, especialmente en pospandemia. Este estudio se justifica por la necesidad de examinar la persistencia y comportamiento de la volatilidad del índice colombiano en un contexto afectado por el covid-19, donde las fluctuaciones en los precios han sido notoriamente marcadas. Utilizando el coeficiente de Hurst, se determinó que el índice muestra una memoria histórica. El análisis de la volatilidad, basado en ventanas de 20 días, reveló una mayor inestabilidad tras la pandemia. Las pruebas de backtesting con modelos GARCH indicaron un aumento significativo en el riesgo durante la pandemia, con valores esperados de -1,14 % antes de esta; -7,4 % en marzo de 2020 y -1,95 %, posteriormente. Dado el anterior contexto, se puede indicar que el presente estudio permite comprender la dinámica y estabilidad del mercado colombiano pospandemia, y proporciona herramientas prácticas para mejorar la previsión y gestión del riesgo. Es relevante para inversores, reguladores y académicos interesados en mercados emergentes y su respuesta a eventos globales disruptivos.
Food Image Segmentation based on Deep and Shallow Dual-branch Network
Authors: Xiao Zhiyong , Li Yang , Deng Zhaohong
Published: October 2024

Food image segmentation is an important research area within the fields of computer vision and machine learning. Traditional methods often input high-resolution food images at large sizes directly into network models, which leads to high computational costs. Additionally, effectively distinguishing between different foods with similar appearances and the same food in different forms poses a significant challenge. This paper introduces a dual-branch structure network based on Swin Transformer and convolutional neural networks (FDSNet), which significantly reduces the computational costs of processing large-size input images. Furthermore, this study introduces a multi-scale feature fusion technique that effectively integrates feature information from different scales and levels, enabling the model to more accurately segment and recognize different foods. Our method can more precisely perform food image segmentation, helping people improve their diets and manage health better. Training and testing on the FoodSeg103 and UECFoodPixComplete public food datasets have shown that our model achieves mean Intersection over Union (IoU) scores of 47.34 and 75.89, respectively, demonstrating higher accuracy and computational efficiency compared to other methods.
Trapping and imaging dynamic battery nanointerfaces via electrified cryo-EM
Authors: Li Yuzhang , Wang Chongzhen , Kim Jung Tae , Yuan Xintong , Kim Jin Koo , Liu Bo , Zhao Dingyi , Mecklenburg Matthew
Published: October 2024

The electrified interface between a liquid and a solid underpins diverse phenomena, from ion-transfer during battery operation to action potentials enabling biological communication. However, conventional tools are blind to the nanoscale dynamics of this metastable interface, leaving key gaps in our understanding. We introduce electrified cryogenic electron microscopy (eCryo-EM), a tool that rapidly freezes and kinetically traps these dynamic states during battery operation for nanoscale imaging. This allows quantification of early-stage growth kinetics of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) that governs battery performance. We discover an ultrathin inorganic layer (<2 nm) within the SEI interior that is found to control ion and electron transport, revising our understanding of battery calendar aging, rate performance, and SEI growth mechanism. Slower growth kinetics of this inner SEI layer correlates with improved battery performance, providing new insight into enhancing the passivation properties of this interior structure. Our work establishes eCryo-EM as a foundational technique to image the electrified liquid-solid interface, which has broad impact spanning electrochemistry and biology.
Does the Psychological Capital of Government Employees Affect Job Performance?——A Survey of 2357 Government Employees in China
Authors: Jia Liangting , Zhang Peng
Published: October 2024

As China advances the construction of a modern national governance system and governance capacity, improving the job performance of government employees is a crucial component. On the basis of positive psychology theory, this paper conducts an empirical study on the impact of psychological capital on job performance by surveying 2,357 government employees. We also examine whether psychological capital affects job performance through job engagement and whether job satisfaction plays a moderating role. The results indicate that the psychological capital of government employees has a significant positive effect on their job performance. Psychological capital can enhance job performance by improving job engagement. As job satisfaction increases, the positive impact of psychological capital on job performance also strengthens. In addition, female, highly educated and post-1990s government employees tend to have relatively higher job performance and job satisfaction. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the government implement targeted psychological capital training and development programs to improve the overall work efficiency and service quality of government employees.
Melatonin-Induced Enhancement of Drought Tolerance in Okra: A Detailed Analysis of Physiological, Biochemical, and Metabolic Adaptations
Authors: Aswathi Gopal , Ravichandran Veerasamy , Vijayalakshmi Dhashnamurthi , Senthil Alagarsamy , Arul Loganathan , Radhamani Sengodan , Jagadeeswaran Ramasamy , Pitchaimuthu Mottaiyan
Published: October 2024

As climate change intensifies, drought stress presents a critical challenge for horticultural crops like okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). The effectiveness of melatonin in reducing drought stress is investigated in this study. The treatments include: Absolute control (fully irrigated), control (Drought D), Drought and seed treatment with 100 µM melatonin (MT- ST), Drought and foliar spray of 100 µM melatonin (MT- FS), and drought stress with combined effect of seed treatment and foliar spray of 100 µM melatonin (MT - ST + FS). Physiological parameters such as photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, Fv/Fm ratio, and chlorophyll content values were evaluated, alongside biochemical parameters including malondialdehyde, proline content, membrane stability index and antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase and peroxidase were quantified. Melatonin supplemented as seed treatment and foliar spray enhanced both physiological and biochemical parameters including antioxidant activity compared to drought control (D). Metabolite profiling identified bioactive compounds (mainly carbohydrates and amino acids) contributing to drought tolerance in okra. The results highlights that application of 100 µM melatonin via seed treatment and foliar spray enhances drought tolerance in okra, suggesting its potential to enhance crop resilience under water-deficit conditions.
The NME7 gene is involved in the kinetics of glucose regulation
Authors: Vejražková Daniela , Včelák Josef , Vaňková Markéta , Lukášová Petra , Svojtková Michaela , Grimmichová Tereza , Kvasničková Hana , Tura Andrea , Šedová Lucie , Šeda Ondřej , Chocholová Denisa , Kočová Kateřina , Bendlová Běla
Published: October 2024

The shape of the glycemic curve during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) can predict type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Given that T2DM is common in several ciliopathies, the NME7 gene (non-metastatic cells 7), encoding a recognized member of the ciliome, was included in our panel of 19 candidate genes for glucose metabolism disturbances. The aim was to find out whether the variability of any of the genes is associated with the shape of the 3-hour glycemic curve. The study included 1,262 OGTT curves categorized into four groups according to their shape: monophasic, biphasic, triphasic and more complex multiphasic. Among all tested genes, only NME7 variants showed significant results. In the group with a biphasic trajectory, which is characterized by certain health benefits, we saw higher frequencies of wild-type homozygotes of the three linked NME7polymorphisms rs10732287 (p<0.01), rs4264046 (p=0.01) and rs10800438 (p=0.03). In contrast, two other variants of this block, rs4656659 (p=0.01) and rs2157597 (p=0.05), showed lower proportion of wild-type homozygotes among biphasic trajectories. In conclusion, a cluster of five linked NME7 polymorphisms showed strong association with a biphasic glycemic curve. Given the compelling health benefits associated with a biphasic curve, variability in the NME7 gene represents another piece of the complex mosaic influencing healthy energy processing.
A Causality Dilemma – Association of COVID-19 severity with 10-years risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Western Indians
Authors: Shah Komal , VP Varna , Sharma Kamal , Pandey Shubhangini , Shukla Aakansha , Shah Hasmukh , Saxena Deepak
Published: October 2024

Background Relationship between COVID-19 and Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is complex which still lacks clarity on causality. Present study aimed to compare CVD risk of hospitalized and non-hospitalized COVID patients.
Methods Current cross-sectional study included, 943 participants reporting a history of RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 infection from Western India. After obtaining written consent, details of demographic, chronic disease history, anthropometric parameters were recorded and blood sugar, lipid, hs-CRP, NT-proBNP, QRISK score were assessed. Results Out of 943, 824 (85.6%) recovered with home isolation (group 1), whereas 119 (14.4%) participants required hospitalized (group 2). Demographic characteristics were comparable between the groups, however mean blood pressure and other anthropometric parameters were higher (p<0.05) in hospitalized patients as compared to their counterparts. Slightly greater proportion of new hypertensive (18.5% vs 16.5%) and diabetic (2.3% vs 1.2%) cases were reported in hospitalized patients. Mean blood sugar, lipids, hs-CRP and NT-proBNP were higher (p<0.05) in group 2. 10-years CVD risk was almost double in hospitalized patients as compared to home isolated patients (12.1±5.9% vs 6.2±2.6%; p<0.05).
Conclusion The study clearly indicates that patients with history of severe COVID infection are prone to CVD and requires clinical attention, however causality between the two still needs further studies.
Learning a Photorealism Score for 2D Images Extracted from a Railway Driving 3D Simulator]{Learning a Photorealism Score for 2D Images Extracted from a Railway Driving 3D Simulator
Authors: Muzeau Julien , Faure-Vincent Denis , Ladret Patricia , Caplier Alice
Published: October 2024

3D modeling consists in describing objects thanks to a cloud of points in the three-dimensional space. It is ubiquitous nowadays and employed in many different fields such as video games, animation movies, architecture or medical applications. Subsequently, 2D images are retrieved from such 3D models through a process called 3D rendering. Recent hardware and software developments allow to approximate the real-world physics in an ever more precise manner. However, the question of the photorealism of such images remains. In this paper, we investigate in particular the photorealism of images extracted from 3D railway driving simulators. Two contributions are detailed in this article. First, we propose a CNN-based method designed to associate a photorealism score to any simulated image. It specifically quantizes the perceptual difference between computer-generated railroad images and natural ones. The second and main contribution of this work consists in the conception and implementation of a subjective experiment conducted so as to perceptually validate the aforementioned score. Human annotators are asked to specify which of two displayed images is more photorealistic, repeated over several pairs of images. After analysing the results, we conclude that a 96\% correlation exists between the proposed photorealism score and human visual perception.
Optimizing the Figure of Merit for DGTFET Ferroelectric Devices Using a Machine Learning-using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Guenifi Naima , Chabane Houda , Rahi Shiromani Balmukund , Dibi Kadidja
Published: October 2024

In this research, we conducted in-depth analysis of the application of ferroelectric tunneling (FeTFET) for emerging complex neural networks. We explored the use of Neural Networks (ANN) to optimize the IOFF-state current in a dual-gate FeDGTFET tunnel transistor structure, incorporating innovative materials such as ferroelectric BaTiO3 and hafnium dioxide HfO2 as a high permittivity gate oxide. This study considered specific features of the FeDGTFET structure, including doping and permittivity, while examining the complex interactions between synapses, weights, and dendrites within this configuration. By applying the back-projection algorithm based on gradient descent principles, we aimed to minimize model error and adjust structure parameters for improved accuracy. Subsequently, we used fitting techniques to align the model with experimental data, considering the unique properties of the high permittivity oxides. Finally, utilizing a genetic algorithm (GA), we optimized the model to predict IOFF current with enhanced accuracy, assessing performance through metrics such as Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and R-squared (R²) value. The results of this study demonstrate that the GA-Optimized Neural Network model shows promising potential for predicting IOFF current in FET tunnel transistors based on BaTiO3 ferroelectrics and high permittivity oxides. The database was integrated through a communication interface between TCAD-SILVACO and Matlab.
Monitoring the impact of EU F-gas regulation on HFC-134a emissions through a comparison of top-down and bottom-up estimates.
Authors: Annadate Saurabh , Mancinelli Enrico , Gonella Barbara , Moricci Federica , O’Doherty Simon , Stanley Kieran , Young Dickon , Vollmer Martin , Cesari Rita , Falasca Serena , Giostra Umberto , Maione Michela , Arduini Jgor
Published: October 2024

HFC-134a is the most prevalent hydrofluorocarbon used as a replacement for ozone-depleting CFCs and HCFCs. Due to its high global warming potential, it is regulated under various European and global frameworks, underscoring the importance of tracking its emissions. Emissions derived by the commonly used, bottom-up, methodology are affected by a certain degree of uncertainty. The bottom-up estimates can be aided with an independent top-down estimate based on atmospheric observations combined with an atmospheric transport model. This study presents HFC-134a emissions for Europe, with a specific focus on Italy, from 2008 to 2023. The emissions were estimated using a Bayesian inversion methodology, based on atmospheric observations collected at four European stations. Our analysis reveals a slightly increasing trend in HFC-134a emissions for Italy from 2008 to 2015 of 0.17 Gg/yr, followed by a steady decrease thereafter, highlighting the effect of European regulation on fluorinated gases that came into force in 2014. We observed a reduction in HFC-134a emissions in the Po Basin inferred from the inversion method for 2020, likely due to mobility restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The observed mild seasonality in emissions may be partly attributed to higher air-conditioning activity during summer. A comparison with the Italian national emission inventories showed that the iterative bottom-up estimates improved, with 2024 national emissions aligning with our inversion results. This study emphasises the need for collaboration between the two independent approaches to enhance the accuracy of emission estimates. Such cooperation is crucial to narrowing the gap in quantifying emissions of potent greenhouse gases and effectively assessing the progress of international policies and regulations.