bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La crítica de Paul Karl Feyerabend al modelo neo-positivista del significado
Authors: Gargiulo de Vázquez María Teresa
Published: November 2014

La crítica de Paul Feyerabend al modelo neopositivista del significado y su posterior abandono de las cuestiones referentes al lenguaje, entre otros giros de su pensamiento, ha dado materia a sus críticos y especialistas a tener una visión fragmentaria de su evolución intelectual. Su teoría pragmática de la observación ha sido explicada en el marco de su formación positivista o como una prolongación de su formación popperiana más no en continuidad con su posterior evolución intelectual. El presente artículo busca demostrar como el mencionado cambio radical de intereses no solo es lógico sino que guarda continuidad con sus posteriores denuncias. Cuando su teoría del significado es interpretada como una denuncia de los límites que supone el modelo axiomático de ciencia propuesto por el positivismo lógico se comprende que aquella constituyó para él la oportunidad de emprender su revisión crítica de la racionalidad científica. Pero una vez que con su teoría pragmática de la observación Feyerabend demuestra el contrasentido de erigir mediante la teoría semántica de la observación un modelo axiomático de ciencia, las teorías del significado dejan de tener sentido para él. De aquí que a su preocupación inicial por los asuntos del significado la califique posteriormente como inútil para una teoría del conocimiento y de la ciencia.
Les remèdes de bonne femme. De la compilación de saberes populares en los tratados médicos franceses al descrédito de la condición femenina
Authors: Luengo López Jordi
Published: November 2014

En francés antiguo, todo remedio que probara su eficacia, se le otorgaba la designación de bonne fame. La denominada médicine usuelle hizo uso de ellos, desde la segunda mitad del XIX, hasta bien entrado el siglo XX, difundiendo la imagen de la bonne femme como una mujer ya anciana, pero colmada de sabiduría. Sin embargo, el término fue desvirtuándose progresivamente, adquiriendo un sentido peyorativo que igualmente terminaría por desacreditar a aquellas mujeres que eran portadoras de los saberes tradicionales. A través del análisis de los tratados médicos y literarios franceses, se pretende demostrar cómo la bonne femme se convertía entonces en una entrometida, una charlatana y, en última instancia, en una bruja que con su palabrería denigraba la imagen de otras mujeres. Los saberes que en un principio eran propios del mundo de la ciencia y la medicina, terminarían vinculándose al mundo de la magia y la superstición, en función de la gradual devaluación de la condición femenina.
Reflexiones sobre el miedo en el siglo XXI: filosofía, política, genética y evolución
Authors: Mestres Francesc , Vives-Rego José
Published: November 2014

La actualidad y los acontecimientos de las últimas décadas han puesto de manifiesto la importancia del miedo en la vida pública. El miedo como tal y sus factores desencadenantes están presentes en la prensa, el discurso político, la neurociencia, la ciencia y la filosofía política. Entendemos que la gestión del miedo intuitivo, cognitivo y heurístico debe contemplarse como un elemento básico en la vida del ciudadano de este siglo. Tanto en la visión moderna de la nación y el contrato social, como en las visiones más futuristas de cosmopolitismo y estados supranacionales, la heurística del miedo difícilmente podrá desaparecer de los sistemas jurídicos y sociales, no solo por su utilidad intrínseca, sino también por su inmanencia y consubstancialidad genético-biológica y psico-social. El hecho de que exista miedo consideramos que es positivo puesto que nos alerta de riesgos que pueden afectar negativamente el futuro del individuo.
Sexualidad, reproducción y cultura obrera revolucionaria en España: la revista Orto (1932-1934)
Authors: Navarro Navarro Javier
Published: November 2014

Orto. Revista de Documentación Social, publicada en Valencia entre 1932 y 1934, es un buen ejemplo de las publicaciones culturales del movimiento obrero español, en especial del mundo anarcosindicalista. La intención de su director, Marín Civera, era que la revista actuara como plataforma de confluencia de las distintas opciones obreristas, unidas a través de las tesis del sindicalismo, contando para ello con una amplia y diversa nómina de colaboradores. En su línea de “documentación social para el proletariado”, la publicación mostró un interés especial por la difusión teórica y práctica, así como el debate, en torno a la reforma sexual, vinculándose al movimiento internacional por esa causa. Junto a la batalla por una nueva moral sexual o la condena de la prostitución, se defendieron desde sus páginas los principios neomalthusianos y eugenésicos, al estilo de otras publicaciones de la época relacionadas con el movimiento libertario, como Generación Consciente-Estudios.
Una iconografía del ojo en Un chien andalou
Authors: Clariana Rodagut Ainamar
Published: November 2014

Este artículo tiene como objeto realizar un análisis del motivo visual del ojo en Un chien andalou. El ojo, que en esta película es rasurado con una cuchilla, tiene una función simbólica que recorre toda la filmografía de su director. Numerosos ojos aparecen en toda su obra, desde los de los ciegos de nacimiento, una figura esencial en su cine, hasta las alusiones al ojo del espectador. En este artículo realizo una lista de las veces que aparece el motivo del ojo en la obra del cineasta aragonés y mediante los presupuestos de la teoría de la recepción interpreto el significado de dicho símbolo visual en la filmografía de su autor. Se concluye que el ojo en la obra de Luis Buñuel alude a la procedencia interior de las imágenes que componen el film, es decir, a una reflexión del mismo autor sobre su proceso creativo.
Modeling Subalpine and Upper Montane Forest-Climate Interactions in Colorado
Authors: Jennings Steven , Billmeyer Eric
Published: November 2014

The correlation of the distribution of five subalpine and montane tree species with precipitation and temperature were modeled using GIS. The results were compared with data presented by Thompson et al. (2000). Distributions of subalpine fir (Abies concolor), Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), limber pine (Pinus flexilis) and bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata) were compared to estimated precipitation and temperature fields that had been constructed from the Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM), National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) station data, and Snowpack Telemetry (SNOTEL) system data. Plant distribution maps from Little (1971) and CoGAP (2001) were used to determine the temperature and precipitation associated with the selected tree species. The estimates from this study were compared to those of Thompson, Anderson & Bartlein (2000). In many cases precipitation and temperatures values were higher than those of Thompson, Anderson & Bartlein (2000). Suggestions are made to improve the predictive power of GIS analysis for mapping climate and plant variability.
Geographical Disparities of Lung Cancer Mortality Centered on Central Appalachia
Authors: Hare Timothy S. , Wells Chad , Johnson Nicole
Published: November 2014

This article explores regional disparities in lung cancer mortality for females and males and associated factors across central Appalachia and surrounding regions. It asks, how are lung cancer mortality rates distributed geographically, what are the relative contributions of specific factors to lung cancer disparities by sex, and how do the effects of these factors vary across the study area? This study is based on county-level data of potential determinants of disease to explore local effects on lung cancer mortality. It analyzes these data using a combination of spatial statistical analyses. The analysis shows that the spatial clustering of high lung cancer mortality rates differs for females and males. Additionally, the factors associated with lung cancer for females and males differ greatly. For instance, tobacco use is associated with male lung cancer mortality, but not with female lung cancer mortality. These factors also vary in their geographical relationships with female and male lung cancer mortality.
A Comparative study for pre and post war performance of Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE)
Authors: Dayaratne D. A. I.
Published: November 2014

It is currently debated in academic and other forums that the peace dawning in the country has induced the performance of CSE in Sri Lanka. It is invariably accepted that the smooth functioning of the stock market is largely determined by the stability of the country’s business environment. Thus, this paper attempts to explore whether there is an improvement in the performance of the each business sector listed on CSE in the post war periods. For the purpose of separately highlighting the impact of peace on stock market performance some pre war periods are also considered. The period 2005 to 2008 is considered as pre war period and the period 2009 to 2012 is considered as post war period. To measure the performance of the CSE some important indicators were used namely, sector indexes, market capitalization of the companies, foreign purchases and sales and total turnover of the CSE and key market ratios. Perhaps importantly, these indicators are very widely used in measuring stock market performance by practitioners and academics in developed and developing markets. It is established that majority of the performance indicators used in this study are highly sensitive to the peaceful dividend in the country. Moreover, it is found that majority of indicators have gained significant improvement after the war. The findings imply that peace is an essential element for the development of the capital market in Sri Lanka. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/suslj.v13i1.7672Sabaragamuwa University Journal 2014; V. 13 No. 1 pp 43-55
Editorial Vol.13(1)
Authors: De Silva D.A.M.
Published: November 2014

DOU: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/suslj.v13i1.7674Sabaragamuwa University Journal 2014; V. 13 No. 1
Pelvic Neurofibroma
Authors: Bakhshi Girish D. , Tayade Mukund B. , Yadav Rajesh B. , Jadhav Kavita V. , Shenoy Sachin S. , Amin Margi V.
Published: November 2014

A 58-year old male presented with a hard lump in lower abdomen extending into pelvis. Clinical examination and computed tomography scan revealed pelvic retroperitoneal mass. Patient underwent exploratory laparotomy - revealing a well encapsulated retroperitoneal mass extending up to coccyx, posterior to the urinary bladder. It had displaced the recto-sigmoid colon and urinary bladder to the right. Histopathological findings revealed a neurofibroma. Pelvic neurofibromas are known to arise from certain pelvic organ. However, present case ruled out any organ involvement both on imaging and intraoperatively. This shows that these tumors can arise de novo also. A brief case report and review of literature is presented.
Accessibility for persons with mobility impairments within an informal trading site: A case study on the markets of Warwick, South Africa
Authors: Naidoo Pragashnie , Koch Helga E. , Anderson Jassmine , Ghela Prashika , Govender Perusha , Hoosen Nausheena , Khan Halima
Published: November 2014

Background: There are a number of informal trading sites across cities in sub-Saharan Africa,of which the markets of Warwick is one example. Since the informal economy is an important contributor to a city’s economy as well as a source of employment, it is important for these sites to be accessible for all persons. Whilst the South African government has put structures in place to identify and remove environmental barriers in order to meet the individual needs of persons with mobility impairments and improve their quality of life, persons with mobility impairments still face barriers and restricting environments that prevent them from participating in society and its social and economic activities.Objectives: This case study aimed at exploring accessibility within the markets of Warwick for persons with mobility impairments by an ergonomic assessment, augmented by voices of participants within the market.Method: A qualitative, instrumental, single case study design was utilised with purposive sampling of the markets of Warwick as the study setting. Multiple sources of data were gathered, such as semi-structured interviews, direct observations of an environmental survey supported by photographs, and the authors’ review of relevant documents. Transcriptions were analysed using NVivo 10 software programme with inductive coding.Results: Whilst policies have been in place since 1996 to adjust infrastructure, the markets of Warwick still remain inaccessible to persons with mobility impairments and do not meet the standardised infrastructural design.Conclusion: The findings of this study may offer a significant understanding of the complexity of accessibility within an informal trading site and create an awareness of the limitations this has for persons with mobility impairments. Additionally, these findings may assist in effecting a positive change in terms of the infrastructure of the Markets and in continuous advocating for the rights of persons with all disabilities.
Best practice guidelines for stroke in Cameroon: An innovative and participatory knowledge translation project
Authors: Cockburn Lynn , Fanfon Timothy N. , Bramall Alexa , Ngole Eta M. , Kuwoh Pius , Anjonga Emmanuel , Difang Brenda M.E. , Kiani Shirin , Muso Petra S. , Trivedi Navjyot , Sama Julius , Teboh Sylvian
Published: November 2014

Background: Although the adherence to stroke guidelines in high-income countries has been shown to be associated with improved patient outcomes, the research, development and implementation of rehabilitation related guidelines in African countries is lacking.Objectives: The purpose of this article is to describe how a group of front-line practitioners collaborated with academics and students to develop best practice guidelines (BPG) for the management and rehabilitation of stroke in adult patients in Cameroon.Method: A working group was established and adapted internationally recognised processes for the development of best practice guidelines. The group determined the scope of the guidelines, documented current practices, and critically appraised evidence to develop guidelines relevant to the Cameroon context.Results: The primary result of this project is best practice guidelines which provided an overview of the provision of stroke rehabilitation services in the region, and made 83 practice recommendations to improve these services. We also report on the successes and challenges encountered during the process, and the working group’s recommendations aimed at encouraging others to consider similar projects.Conclusion: This project demonstrated that there is interest and capacity for improving stroke rehabilitation practices and for stroke guideline development in Africa.
Interventions to promote psychiatric patients’ compliance to mental health treatment: A systematic review
Authors: Serobatse Mosidi B. , Du Plessis Emmerentia , Koen Magdalena P.
Published: November 2014

Background: Non-compliance to treatment remains one of the greatest challenges in mental healthcare services, and how to improve this remains a problem.Aim: The aim of this study was to critically synthesise the best available evidence from literature regarding interventions to promote psychiatric patients’ compliance to mental health treatment. The interventions can be made available for mental health professionals to use in clinical practice.Method: A systematic review was chosen as a design to identify primary studies that answered the following research question: What is the current evidence on interventions to promote psychiatric patients’ compliance to mental health treatment? Selected electronic databases were thoroughly searched. Studies were critically appraised and identifid as answeringthe research questions. Evidence extraction, analysis and synthesis were then conducted by means of evidence class rating and grading of strength prescribed in the American Dietetic Association’s manual.Results: The systematic review identifid several interventions that can improve patients’ compliance in mental health treatment, for example adherence therapy and motivational interviewing techniques during in-hospital stay.Conclusions: Conclusions were drawn and recommendations formulated for nursing practice, education and research.Agtergrond: Geen-samewerking met behandeling bly steeds een van die grootste uitdagings in geestesgesondheidsorgdienste, en genoegsame kennis oor hoe om dit te verbeter, is steeds ’n probleem.Doelwit: Die doel van hierdie studie was om die beskikbare bewyse vanuit literatuur aangaande intervensies ter bevordering van psigiatriese pasiënte se samewerking met geestesgesondheidsbehandeling krities te sintetiseer. Hierdie intervensies kan aan professionele gesondheidsorgpersoneel beskikbaar gestel word ter bevordering van psigiatriese pasiënte se samewerking met geestesgesondheidsbehandeling.Metode: ’n Sistematiese literatuuroorsig is gekies as die ontwerp om primêre studieste identifieer wat die volgende navorsingsvraag beantwoord: Wat is die huidige kennis ten opsigte van intervensies wat psigiatriese pasiënte se samewerking met geestesgesondheidsbehandeling bevorder?Resultate: Studies is ingesluit vir kritiese gehalte-beoordeling ten opsigte van metodologie, en is uiteindelik geïdentifieer as bronne van bewyse wat die literatuuroorsigvraag toepaslik beantwoord. Bewysonttrekking, -analise en -sintese is gedoen deur middel van die beoordeling van bewysklas en -gradering van bewyssterkte, soos voorgeskryf in die American Dietetic Association se handleiding. Die sistemiese literatuuroorsig het aangedui datdaar heelparty intervensies is wat psigiatriese pasiënte se samewerking met behandeling kan verbeter, byvoorbeeld samewerkingsterapie en motiveringsonderhoudstegnieke.Gevolgtrekking: Gevolgtrekkings is gemaak en aanbevelings is geformuleer vir die verpleegpraktyk, verpleegonderrig en navorsing in verpleging.
Injustice to transsexual women in a hetero-normatie healthcare system
Authors: Newman-Valentine Douglas , Duma Sinegugu
Published: November 2014

Background: Transsexual women who are on the journey of sexual re-alignment will experience various health problems. These problems are related directly to the treatment regime that they are following in order to attain and maintain their physical embodiment as a woman. They are forced to negotiate a hetero-normative healthcare system in order to receive assistance and care for their health problems related to their sexual re-alignment process.Aim: The questions posed were: What are the unique health problems that transsexual women experience whilst on the journey of sexual re-alignment? What is the current context of the South African healthcare system in which transsexual women should negotiate healthcare? These questions were asked in order to explore the health problems with which transsexual women are faced and to describe the hetero-normative healthcare system in South Africa.Method: An electronic literature search was executed via the EBSCO host with specifi inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search words that were used were: Transsexual/s and Health/Healthcare. All studies had to be peer reviewed and published in the English language, from January 1972 up until February 2013. Literature on transsexual children was excluded.Results: Transsexual women have the potential to suffer signifiant side-effects from their sexual re-alignment treatment, including cardio-vascular problems, endocrine problems and mental ill-health. They are also vulnerable to HIV infection. They have poor access to quality holistic healthcare and this may lead an increase in the mortality and morbidity fiures of women.Conclusion: A hetero-normative healthcare system has a negative impact on the health of transsexual women and will cause them to be marginalised. This could contribute to both homoand trans-phobia that will in turn strengthen the belief that transsexual women are un-African.
Risk factors for visual impairment and blindness amongst black adult diabetis receiving treatment at Government healthcare facilitis in Mopani District, Limpopo province, South Africa
Authors: Mabaso Raymond G. , Oduntan Olalekan A.
Published: November 2014

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common systemic disease amongst Black South Africans. It may lead to diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common cause of visual impairment (VI) and blindness. DR may signifiantly increase the prevalence of VI and blindness.Aim: To assess risk factors for VI and blindness amongst a black diabetic South African population aged ≥ 40 years.Setting: The study was conducted in seven Government healthcare facilities (two hospitals, four clinics and one health centre) in Mopani District, Limpopo province, South Africa.Methods: This was a cross-sectional health facility-based quantitative study. Structured interviews were used to obtain information, which included sociodemographic profie, knowledge about DM and its ocular complications, presence of hypertension and accessibility to health facilities. Subsequently participants were examined for VI and blindness using an autorefractor, pinhole disc, ophthalmoscope and logMAR visual acuity chart. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight and waist) were also taken. Associations between 31 risk factors and VI as well as blindness were statistically examined.Results: Participants (N = 225) included 161 women and 64 men aged 40–90 years (mean 61.5 ± 10.49 years); 41.3% of them had VI and 3.6% were blind. Cataracts (76.8%) and DR (7.1%) were the common causes of compensated VI and blindness. Risk factors that were associated with VI and blindness were age, monthly income, compliance with losing weight and physical activity.Conclusion: Findings suggest that lifestyle intervention and appropriate eyecare programmes may reduce VI and blindness in this population.
Primary CNS vasculitis masquerading as glioblastoma: A case report and review
Authors: Kumar Pelluru , Rajesh Alugolu , Kandadai Rukmini , Purohit Aniruddh , Sundaram Challa
Published: November 2014

Isolated angitis of the central nervous system (IACNS)/primary angitis of central nervous system vasculitis (PACNS) is an uncommon vascular disease, sparingly presenting as an isolated inflammatory lesion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The disease usually manifests as a long-drawn and progressive ischemic event. Delay in diagnosis due to focal nature of the lesion also contributes to the poor prognosis as the dismal natural history and immunosuppressive therapy. To date, only a few cases with tumor-like isolated angitis of CNS have been reported with clear and definitive diagnostic workup.
Malignant metastatic carcinoid presenting as brain tumor
Authors: Sundar I , Jain S , Kurmi Dhrubajyoti , Sharma Rakesh , Chopra Sanjeev , Singhvi Shashi
Published: November 2014

Carcinoid tumors are rarely known to metastasise to the brain. It is even more rare for such patients to present with symptoms related to metastases as the initial and only symptom. We present a case of a 60-year-old man who presented with hemiparesis and imaging features suggestive of brain tumor. He underwent surgery and the histopathology revealed metastatic malignant lesion of neuroendocrine origin. A subsequent work up for the primary was negative. Patient was treated with adjuvant radiotherapy. We present this case to highlight the pathophysiological features, workup and treatment options of this rare disease and discuss the methods of differentiating it from more common brain tumors.
Values and Labor Force Participation in the Nordic Countries
Authors: Hall Axel , Zoega Gylfi
Published: November 2014

The Nordic countries are known for their success in combining an extensive welfare state with high labor force participation. This is explained by the origins and organization of their welfare states, which can be traced to a set of values and beliefs that emphasize the right of women to participate in the labor market. These values are shared by individuals born in other European countries of Nordic parents and may have origins in the Nordic countries’ Lutheran heritage.
General Percy Kirke and the Later Stuart Army
Authors: Childs John
Published: November 2014

General Percy Kirke (c. 1647–91) is remembered in Somerset as a cruel, vicious thug who deluged the region in blood after the Battle of Sedgemoor in 1685. He is equally notorious in Northern Ireland. Appointed to command the expedition to raise the Siege of Londonderry in 1689, his assumed treachery nearly resulted in the city’s fall and he was made to look ridiculous when the blockade was eventually lifted by a few sailors in a rowing boat. Yet Kirke was closely involved in some of the most important events in British and Irish history. He served as the last governor of the colony of Tangier; played a central role in facilitating the Glorious Revolution of 1688; and fought in the majority of the principal actions and campaigns undertaken by the newly-formed standing armies in England, Ireland and Scotland, especially the Battle of the Boyne and the first Siege of Limerick in 1689.

With the aid of his own earlier work in the field, additional primary sources and a recently-rediscovered letter book, John Childs looks beyond the fictionalisation of Kirke, most notably by R. D. Blackmore in Lorna Doone, to investigate the historical reality of his career, character, professional competence, politics and religion. As well as offering fresh, detailed narratives of such episodes as Monmouth’s Rebellion, the conspiracies in 1688 and the Siege of Londonderry, this pioneering biography also presents insights into contemporary military personnel, patronage, cliques and procedures.
CCN activity of size-selected aerosol at a Pacific coastal location
Authors: Yakobi-Hancock J. D. , Ladino L. A. , Bertram A. K. , Huffman J. A. , Jones K. , Leaitch W. R. , Mason R. H. , Schiller C. L. , Toom-Sauntry D. , Wong J. P. S. , Abbatt J. P. D.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. As one aspect of the NETwork on Climate and Aerosols: addressing key uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments (NETCARE), measurements of the cloud condensation nucleation properties of 50 and 100 nm aerosol particles were conducted at Ucluelet on the west coast of Vancouver Island in August 2013. The overall hygroscopicity parameter of the aerosol (κambient) exhibited a wide variation, ranging from 0.14 ± 0.05 to 1.08 ± 0.40 (where the uncertainty represents the systematic error). The highest κ values arose when the organic-to-sulfate ratio of the aerosol was lowest and when winds arrived from the west after transport through the marine boundary layer. The average κambient during this time was 0.57 ± 0.16, where the uncertainty represents the standard deviation. At most other times, the air was predominantly influenced by both marine and continental emissions, which had lower average PM1 κambient values (max value, 0.41 ± 0.08). The two-day average aerosol ionic composition also showed variation, but was consistently acidic and dominated by ammonium (18–56% by mole) and sulfate (19–41% by mole), with only minor levels of sodium or chloride. Average κorg (hygroscopicity parameter for the aerosol's organic component) values were estimated using PM1 aerosol composition data and by assuming that the ratio of aerosol organic to sulfate mass is related directly to the composition of the size-selected particles.
Annual CO2 budget and seasonal CO2 exchange signals at a high Arctic permafrost site on Spitsbergen, Svalbard archipelago
Authors: Lüers J. , Westermann S. , Piel K. , Boike J.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. The annual variability of CO2 exchange in most ecosystems is primarily driven by the activities of plants and soil microorganisms. However, little is known about the carbon balance and its controlling factors outside the growing season in Arctic regions dominated by soil freeze/thaw processes, long-lasting snow cover, and several months of darkness. This study presents a complete annual cycle of the CO2 net ecosystem exchange (NEE) dynamics for a high Arctic tundra area at the west coast of Svalbard based on eddy covariance flux measurements. The annual cumulative CO2 budget is close to 0 g C m−2 yr−1, but displays a strong seasonal variability. Four major CO2 exchange seasons have been identified. (1) During summer (snow-free ground), the CO2 exchange occurs mainly as a result of biological activity, with a dominance of strong CO2 assimilation by the ecosystem. (2) The autumn (snow-free ground or partly snow-covered) is dominated by CO2 respiration as a result of biological activity. (3) In winter and spring (snow-covered ground), low but persistent CO2 release occurs, overlayed by considerable CO2 exchange events in both directions associated with high wind speed and changes of air masses and atmospheric air pressure. (4) The snow melt season (pattern of snow-free and snow-covered areas) is associated with both meteorological and biological forcing, resulting in a carbon uptake by the high Arctic ecosystem. Data related to this article are archived at http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.809507.
Long-term trends at the Boknis Eck time series station (Baltic Sea), 1957–2013: does climate change counteract the decline in eutrophication?
Authors: Lennartz S. T. , Lehmann A. , Herrford J. , Malien F. , Hansen H.-P. , Biester H. , Bange H. W.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. The Boknis Eck (BE) time series station, initiated in 1957, is one of the longest-operated time series stations worldwide. We present the first statistical evaluation of a data set of nine physical, chemical and biological parameters in the period of 1957–2013. In the past three to five decades, all of the measured parameters underwent significant long-term changes. Most striking is an ongoing decline in bottom water oxygen concentration, despite a significant decrease of nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations. Temperature-enhanced oxygen consumption in the bottom water and a prolongation of the stratification period are discussed as possible reasons for the ongoing oxygen decline despite declining eutrophication. Observations at the BE station were compared with model output of the Kiel Baltic Sea Ice Ocean Model (BSIOM). Reproduced trends were in good agreement with observed trends for temperature and oxygen, but generally the oxygen concentration at the bottom has been overestimated.
Diagnosing CO2 fluxes in the upwelling system off the Oregon–California coast
Authors: Cao Z. , Dai M. , Evans W. , Gan J. , Feely R.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. It is generally known that the interplay between the carbon and nutrients supplied from subsurface waters via biological metabolism determines the CO2 fluxes in upwelling systems. However, quantificational assessment of such interplay is difficult because of the dynamic nature of both upwelling circulation and the associated biogeochemistry. We recently proposed a new framework, the Ocean-dominated Margin (OceMar), for semi-quantitatively diagnosing the CO2 source/sink nature of an ocean margin over a given period of time, highlighting that the relative consumption between carbon and nutrients determines if carbon is in excess (i.e., CO2 source) or in deficit (i.e., CO2 sink) in the upper waters of ocean margins relative to their off-site inputs from the adjacent open ocean. In the present study, such a diagnostic approach based upon both couplings of physics–biogeochemistry and carbon–nutrients was applied to resolve the CO2 fluxes in the well-known upwelling system off Oregon and northern California of the US west coast, using data collected along three cross-shelf transects from the inner shelf to the open basin in spring/early summer 2007. Through examining the biological consumption on top of the water mass mixing revealed by the total alkalinity–salinity relationship, we successfully predicted and semi-analytically resolved the CO2 fluxes showing strong uptake from the atmosphere beyond the nearshore regions. This CO2 sink nature primarily resulted from the higher utilization of nutrients relative to dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) based on their concurrent inputs from the depth. On the other hand, the biological responses to intensified upwelling were minor in nearshore waters off the Oregon–California coast, where significant CO2 outgassing was observed during the sampling period and resolving CO2 fluxes could be simplified without considering DIC/nutrient consumption, i.e., decoupling between upwelling and biological consumption. We reasoned that coupling physics and biogeochemistry in the OceMar model would assume a steady state with balanced DIC and nutrients via both physical transport and biological alterations in comparable timescales.
Evolution of karst conduit networks in transition from pressurized flow to free-surface flow
Authors: Perne M. , Covington M. , Gabrovšek F.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Most of the existing models of speleogenesis are limited to situations where flow in all conduits is pressurized. The feedback between the distribution of hydraulic head and growth of new solution conduits determines the geometry of the resulting conduit network. We present a novel modeling approach that allows a transition from pressurized (pipe) flow to a free-surface (open-channel) flow in evolving discrete conduit networks. It calculates flow, solute transport and dissolution enlargement within each time step and steps through time until a stable flow pattern is established. The flow in each time step is calculated by calling the US Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model (US Environmental Protection Agency, 2014), which efficiently solves the 1-D Saint-Venant equations in a network of conduits. Two basic scenarios are modeled, a low-dip scenario and a high-dip scenario. In the low-dip scenario a slightly inclined plane is populated with a rectangular grid of solution conduits. The recharge is distributed to randomly selected junctions. The results for the pressurized flow regime resemble those of the existing models. When the network becomes vadose, a stable flow pathway develops along a system of conduits that occupy the lowest positions at their inlet junctions. This depends on the initial diameter and inlet position of a conduit, its total incision in a pressurized regime and its alignment relative to the dip of the plane, which plays important role during the vadose entrenchment. In the high-dip scenario a sub-vertical network with recharge on the top and outflow on the side is modeled. It is used to demonstrate the vertical development of karst due to drawdown of the water table, development of invasion vadose caves during vadose flow diversion and to demonstrate the potential importance of deeply penetrating conductive structures.
Effect of sodium lactate /sodium diacetate in combination with sodium nitrite on physiochemical, microbial properties and sensory evaluation of cow sausage
Authors: Sedghi Habib , Sani Ali Mohamadi , Najafi Masood Najaf , Shariati Mohammad Ali
Published: November 2014

Sodium nitrite has been always considered as one of the common additives due to its antibacterial effects on Clostridium botulinum and meat products' color, however it produces cancer creating nitrosamine. Recently, organic acids and their salts such as lactates have been employed as antimicrobial compounds. Lactates also improve organileptic properties including color, texture and taste and antioxidant properties. Sodium lactate causes to more reduction of anaerobic spore former bacteria than nitrite, inhibits botulin produced by Clostridium botulinum. Sodium lactate produces a permanent reddish pink color through reduction of deoxymygloboline and producing deoxymyoglobuline. In this study, the decrease of sodium nitrite amount from 120ppm to 15ppm by adding sodium lactate / sodium diacetate led to achieve an acceptable product. The best results revealed through adding 3.0625% of sodium lactate / sodium diacetate in combination with 30ppm sodium nitrite. Results also exhibited more reduction of pathogens' growth than nitrite, enhanced flavor slightly, but unable to produce reddish pink color as produced by nitrite. Results also exhibited  that sodium lactate / diacetate cause to retard in microbial growth, reducing chemical change, enhance sensory properties, partially improvement in taste and texture. Although inappropriate color demonstrated sodium lactate / diacetate's inability in red pink color production in 4th sample (contains 15 ppm nitrite), its synergy effect in combination with sodium nitrite on nitroso myoglobuline production has been proven, led to sodium nitrite reduction in sausages.
Determining the presence of chicken and turkey meat in selected meat products using realtime PCR method
Authors: Mašlej Miloš , Golian Jozef , Maršalková Lenka
Published: November 2014

The one of the most convenient method for the identification of animal species in raw and processed meat products is the examination of DNA sequences. Real-Time PCR are particularly suitable because even small fragments of DNA formed during heat processing of the meat can be amplified and identified. TaqMan Real-Time PCR is a rapid, convenient and sensitive assay for meat identification. For chicken and turkey meat identification we were using species-specific primers and TaqMan probe designed on the mitochondrial cytochrome b. The intensity of the fluorescence signal has risen at a variety of different samples. We analysed sixteen the samples of turkey meat products and we found the incidence of chicken at nine samples in the range of the detection range of the reaction0.1 to 100%.  Sample 8 fluorescence intensity exceeded the detection threshold in the 22.11 cycle (Cp = 22.11); Sample 6, (Cp = 23.19); Sample 1 in 27.08 cycle (Cp = 27.08); Sample 7 in 31,7 cycle (Cp = 31.7) and sample 5 in 32.32 cycle (Cp = 32.32). All Cp values for these samples fluorescence intensity exceeded the detection threshold in earlier cycles as sample the 100% turkey DNA. It follows that in the samples no. 8, 6, 1, 5, and 7 is in the range of chicken DNA detection range of the reaction, from 0.1 to 100%. Sample 11 in the cycle 27,08 (Cp = 27.08); Sample 10 in the cycle 27.8 (Cp = 27.8); sample 16 in 28.03 cycle (Cp = 28.03) and sample 13 in the cycle of 29.18 (Cp = 29.18). In recognition of the results of the monitoring of the content of chicken meat in meat products it is appropriate to further verification and testing detection kits used to work for possible use in practice since it has been found to be sufficient sensitivity and specificity to 30 cycle reaction.
Evaluation and comparison of the content of total polyphenols and antioxidant activity in onion, garlic and leek
Authors: Kavalcová Petra , Bystrická Judita , Tomáš Ján , Karovičová Jolana , Kuchtová Veronika
Published: November 2014

Onion, leek and garlic as onion family are a great source of freely available health-promoting and chemoprotective compounds (polyphenols, ﬂavonoids, fructooligosaccharides, thiosulﬁnates and other sulfur compounds, vitamins). Chemoprotective compounds belong between natural components. Onion, garlic and leek have high nutritional value. They are an important component of our human diet and we used them as a preventive factor for many diseases of civilization (cancer, coronary heart diseases, and atherosclerosis). In this work we watched and evaluated content of total polyphenols and antioxidant activity in onion, garlic and leek. Samples of plant material (onion, garlic and leek) we collected at the stage of full maturity in the area of Pružina. Pružina is area without negative influences and emission sources. Samples of fresh onion, garlic and leek were homogenized and were prepared an extract: 25 g cut onion, garlic and leek extracted by 50 ml 80% ethanol accourding sixteen hours. These extracts were used for analyses. The content of the total polyphenols was determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR). Antioxidant activity was measured by using a compound DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). In the present experiment it was detected, that total polyphenols content in samples ranges from 210.67 mg/kg (leek) - 429.58 mg/kg (onion). Statistically significant highest value of total polyphenols was recorded in onion (389.64 to 429.58 mg/kg). Statistically significant the lowest content of total polyphenols was recorded in leek (210.67 - 254.80 mg/kg). Another indicator that has been evaluated and compared was the antioxidant activity of onion, garlic and leek. Statistically significant highest value of antioxidant activity was recorded in onion (20.22 - 25.76%). Statistically significant the lowest value of antioxidant activity was recorded in garlic (4.05 - 5.07%). Based on the measured values of AOA in onion, garlic and leek samples can be classified as follows: onion (20.22 - 25.76%) > leek (8.55 - 12.92%) > garlic (4.05 - 5.07%).
The role of sulphur on the content of total polyphenols and antioxidant activity in onion (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Bystrická Judita , Kavalcová Petra , Vollmannová Alena , Tomáš Ján , Orsák Matyáš
Published: November 2014

Sulphur is one of the most important elements in plants. Sulphur also positive influences on growth functions (nitrogen metabolism, enzyme activity and protein and oil synthesis), yield and quality bulbs of onion. In this experiment was watched the progress of making the total polyphenols content in different levels of fertilizer sulphur in onion during vegetation. In the work we watched also the influence of sulphur fertilization on the antioxidant activity. Sulphur was added in amounts 7.3 mg.kg-1 S, 11 mg.kg-1 S and 14,6 mg.kg-1 S. Samples of fresh onion we collected at the beginning, in the middle and in the end of vegetation period and we prepared an extract: 50 g cut onion extracted by 100 ml 80% ethanol according sixteen hours. These extracts were used for experiment. The content of total polyphenols was estimated by using Folin-Ciocalteau reagent. The absorbance was measured at 765 nm of wave length against blank. Antioxidant activity was measured using a compound DPPH˙ (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) at 515.6 nm in the spectrophotometer. Our values of total polyphenolic content during vegetation period  were in range from 508.16 ±27.59 mg.kg-1 to 638.2 ±12.84 mg.kg-1. The highest content of total polyphenolics was recorded at the end of the vegetation period (638.32 ±12.84 mg.kg-1) in III. sampling (incorporation of sulphur in quantity of 14.6 mg S.kg-1soil). This increase was statistically significant (P-value = 2.10-3). The lowest content of total polyphenols was measured in  the middle of vegetation period  (415.41 ±13.32 mg.kg-1) in II. sampling (incorporation of sulphur in quantity of 11 mg S.kg-1soil). Another indicator that has been evaluated and compared was the influence of sulphur fertilization on the antioxidant activity. The highest values of antioxidant activity were recorded at the end of vegetation period in all variants. The lowest value of antioxidant activity (25.41 ±7.67%) was measured in three sampling in II.variant.
Factors Influencing Adoption of Islamic Banking: A Study from Pakistan
Authors: Tara Nain , Irshad Madiha , Khan Muhammad Rizwan , Yamin Mahwish , Rizwan Muhammad
Published: November 2014

Islamic banking system was initiated in Pakistan nearly three decades back in 1980 by SBP, through restructuring banking rules and ordinance i.e., it imposed alterations in operations of conventional banks. The first full-fledge Islamic Bank was granted incorporation certificate in 2001. However, the Islamic banking (IB) still seemed to have comparatively low market share. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to scrutinize the awareness, religious perception, and preferences in terms of reputation and networking on IB, of Pakistani community. Hence, a survey was conducted based on 150 respondents, representing Muslim community from metropolitan as well as rural areas, all over the country. Results revealed that there is a significant perceived adoption criteria regarding Islamic Banking. Criteria include factors of importance, starting from the most significant, Awareness regarding financial teachings of Islam, Reputation, Networking and Religion. Thus, the results would be worthwhile for the Islamic banking sector in comprehending the customer perception and preferences regarding IB, and to stimulate it strategically, and for the concerned authorities, in promoting specific regulations and policies that complement the market share of IB.
The Impact of Promotional Tools on Consumer Buying Behavior: A Study from Pakistan
Authors: Mughal Aurangzeb , Mehmood Asif , Mohi-ud-deen Ammar , Ahmad Bilal
Published: November 2014

The main purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of sales promotion and natural environment that is casual factor in consumer buying behavior. The survey found that there was an insignificant relationship between coupons and buying behavior. On the other hand the buy-one-get-one free, Physical surrounding has a significant relationship with the purchasing behavior.. The consequences of this research will help marketers to recognize the most excellent kind of promotional tools that significantly influence the purchasing behavior of consumers. Traders can develop their business plan more effectively through the results of this study and plans help entrepreneurs and traders to gain a competitive benefit over their competitors and enable businesses to gain maximum profit.
Metastasis to the proximal ureter from prostatic adenocarcinoma: A rare metastatic pattern
Authors: Zhang Tao , Wang Qi , Min Jie , Yu Dexin , Xie Dongdong , Wang Yi , Ding Demao , Chen Lei , Zou Ci , Zhang Zhiqiang , Wang Daming
Published: November 2014

Prostate cancer is one of the most common male malignancies, but it rarely metastasizes to the proximal ureter. We report a case of a 76-year-old man who presented with flank pain and lower urinary tract symptoms. Abdominal computed tomography scan revealed multiple filling defects at the middle of the left ureter, enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes, and probable psoas invasion. The patient underwent nephroureterectomy with excision of a cuff of bladder, and was found to have an adhesion between the middle part of left ureter and psoas intraoperatively. The pathological examination displayed positive immunohistochemical staining with prostate-specific antigen and prostate acid phostate, supporting the diagnosis of metastatic ureteral tumour from prostate cancer. In this case, periureteral soft tissue and ureteral muscular layer were infiltrated by metastatic tumour, whereas the mucosa was spared. The periureteral lymphatic pathway played an important role in the metastatic procedure of prostate cancer to the proximal ureter.
Legal Advice in Police Custody: From Europe to a Local Police Station
Authors: Ogorodova Anna , Spronken Taru
Published: November 2014

Legal Advice in Police Custody: From Europe to a Local Police Station

In October 2013, the European Union adopted a Directive, which guarantees, inter alia, the right of access to a lawyer to suspects of criminal offences from the outset of police custody and during police interrogation. However, adoption of the relevant legislation is not sufficient to ensure that this right becomes effective in practice. A range of practical measures will have to be taken by the Member States’ authorities and the legal profession to effectuate the implementation of the right to custodial legal advice. This article aims to identify the practical factors that may influence the implementation of the Directive, based on the findings of a recent normative and empirical study conducted by the authors. The research was carried out in four European jurisdictions (England and Wales, France, the Netherlands and Scotland), and it consisted of analysis of regulations, observations of daily practice in police stations, accompanying lawyers who provided custodial legal advice, and interviews with criminal justice practitioners. The article provides a range of recommendations on the practical measures to be undertaken by the EU Member States and national Bar associations aiming at improving the protection of suspects’ rights in police custody in practice.