bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When and why is “extraversion” associated with social popularity?
Authors: Ilmarinen Ville Juhani
Published: July 2018

Examinations of the relationship between individuals’ personal characteristics and the social positions that individuals receive in everyday peer networks have often found an association between extraversion and popularity. This thesis assesses the conditions (when) and mechanisms (why) of this association.Four research questions focus on when the link between extraversion and popularity is present. The study examines whether extraversion is already associated with popularity among seven- to eight-year-olds (Study I), if extraversion is associated with popularity in a less talkative and more stereotypically introverted culture as well (i.e. in Finland; Studies I and II), whether the association is more reflective of the popularity of extraverts or the unpopularity of introverts (Studies II and III), and if the size of the surrounding social ecology is an important precondition of this association (Study III). In addition, the study considers two why research questions. Studies II and III examine if dyadic combinations of extraversion could serve as popularity particles that would explain why extraverts are ultimately more popular in the group, whereas Study I evaluates the mediating role of oral fluency between extraversion and popularity among children.The association between extraversion and popularity is found to be highly generalizable, as it is present among young and adult Finns as well as in social networks of varying sizes. In addition, the association is linear and unilateral: introverts are unpopular as much as extraverts are popular, and dyadic combinations of extraversion are not significant in explaining this phenomenon. Finally, the higher oral fluency of extraverts partially explains their popularity in middle childhood.The discussion focuses on the causality of this association and engages with the ontological status of trait extraversion throughout the thesis. The research also highlights the role of popularity and social networks in accounting for the coalescence of extraversion.
Black Population Size and the Structure of United States Labor Market Inequality
Authors: Cohen Philip N.
Published: July 2018

This dissertation investigates the relationship between relative Black population size and the structure of labor market inequality by race-ethnicity, gender and class. There are five principal new developments here. First, Black-White inequality for women -- as well as gender inequality -- is integrated into the research. Second, by examining three major labor market outcomes -- employment status, occupational attainment, and earnings -- the project offers a more systematic view of the relationships under study. This has important implications for better understanding possible causal mechanisms of racial-ethnic composition. Third, existing threat and crowding hypotheses are tested with new models using measures of residential and occupational segregation. Fourth, tests of class interactions are offered, casting new light on continuing debates about the relative costs and benefits of Black-White inequality across class and gender lines. Finally, estimation of contextual effects in all models is improved with hierarchical modeling techniques. Larger relative Black population size means more "race" in the local economy, and more "racial" inequality. This project asks the question: is more "race" good or bad for White and Black men and women at the individual level; whom does Black-White inequality help or hurt, and in what ways? I conclude that when the Black population is larger, Black-White inequality is more salient, and more important relative to class and gender inequality. A consistent set of models shows this pattern across labor market outcomes, and across gender and class groups -- as well as across variation in individual-level characteristics besides racial-ethnicity. Thus Black-White inequality again appears not only pervasive but also structural to the system of social stratification in the United States.
Truth or Truthiness? How Desires Influence Truth Associations (2015) [Dissertation]
Authors: Lai Calvin K. , Le Forestier Joel Michel
Published: July 2018

What people want to happen and what actually happens often differs. How do people resolve this discrepancy between desires and reality within memory? One possibility is that they don’t. I argue that truth evaluations arise from automatic processes that produce associations with truth and controlled processes that compare the validity of different beliefs. Further, I contend that desires shape associations with the truth. In Studies 1-3 I use real-world events to demonstrate that desires are related to truth associations, even when those desires do not reflect reality. Study 4 examines how desires causally impact truth associations and Study 5 examines how desires and knowledge about an outcome interact in influencing truth associations. Studies 2, 3, and 5 also explore how truth associations mediate the effects of desires on expectations and beliefs about events. I find that desires influence associations with the truth and that truth associations mediate the impact of desires on beliefs about events.
Co-production and the third sector: A comparative study of England and France
Authors: McMullin Caitlin
Published: July 2018

This thesis explores co-production between citizens and third sector professionals in England and France. I focus on five community regeneration organisations in Sheffield, England, and five in Lyon, France, followed by an analysis of comparator organisations in two further sectors of activity – parents’ organisations, and projects to reduce older people’s loneliness. The research is based on 57 semi-structured interviews, as well as event observations and documentary analysis. I employ an analytical framework of institutional logics to explore the ways in which the rules, practices and narratives of the case study organisations are specific to their city and national contexts and how these in turn drive and shape co-production practices.The study finds that while the Sheffield organisations are characterised by an assimilation of the state, community and market logics, the Lyon organisations demonstrate a blend of a ‘Napoleonic state’ logic, and a ‘local solidarity’ (rather than community) logic. These different combinations of logics illuminate two approaches to co-production. In France, co-production is informed by notions of citizenship, solidarity and participative democracy, leading to a greater focus on citizen involvement in organisational governance and greater influence of rules as an enabler and constraint to co-production. In Sheffield, co-production is seen as a way to improve communities, services and outcomes, and we therefore see more pragmatic attention to co-design and co-delivery activities. This thesis provides an important contribution both to co-production theory as well as to policy and practice, by demonstrating some of the cultural and contextual subjectivity of co- production, which has been overlooked in previous studies. In addition, employing institutional theory to study co-production enables me to produce evidence of meso and macro level factors that influence co-production behaviour.
A House Divided: Cultural Backlash and Economic Insecurity in Poland and Hungary
Authors: Danjolli Henri
Published: July 2018

The resurgence of populist sentiment across Europe and many parts of the world is concerning and deserves attention because of the powerful influence that populism has in shaping the global economy and international relations. In particular, this thesis dissects the drivers of right-wing populism through the theories used by Professor Inglehart (Michigan) and Professor Norris (Harvard) in a working paper that is now being turned into a book ("Cultural Backlash: Trump, Brexit, and Authoritarian-Populism"). They hold that two factors -- culture and economy -- are responsible in helping to elect right-wing populists to office (particularly in Europe). In studying the cultural backlash thesis in Poland and Hungary, I look at culture through the proxy of religion and education. In studying the economic insecurity thesis in Poland and Hungary, I examine the unemployment rate and GDP per capita. Based on the multivariate regression models that I have produced in my research, I find that some variables that were used to measure culture -- namely, church attendance -- partially supports the cultural backlash thesis while no economic factors that were studied support the economic insecurity thesis.
Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif dalam Pembelajaran Musik Daerah Nusantara di SMP Negeri 4 Semarang.
Authors: Lestari Puji
Published: July 2018

Pendekatan saintifik dan model pembelajaran kooperatif merupakan strategi pembelajaran yang sedang menjadi pusat perhatian dalam dunia pendidikan. SMP Negeri 4 Semarang adalah sekolah yang menerapkan pendekatan saintifik dan model pembelajaran kooperatif pada pembelajaran seni musik. Permasalahan pada penelitian ini adalah bagaimana implementasi pendekatan saintifik dan model pembelajaran kooperatif dalam pembelajaran musik daerah nusantara di SMP Negeri 4 Semarang.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di SMP Negeri 4 Semarang. Sasaran kajian dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan saintifik yang ditinjau dari langkah-langkahnya dan model pembelajaran kooperatif berdasarkan prinsip dan langkah pelaksanaannya dalam pembelajaran. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumen. Teknik keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi data. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis data model interaktif meliputi pengumpulan data, reduksi data, menyajikan data dan membuat kesimpulan.Temuan pertama berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan adalah peserta didik melaksanakan kegiatan apresiasi pada tahap mengamati dengan memahami dan memberi pendapat mengenai tayangan video yang diberikan oleh guru. Temuan kedua dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik mendapatkan kesempatan untuk berkreasi melalui kegiatan evaluasi dalam model pembelajaran kooperatif dengan cara mempresentasikan permainan alat musik pianika dengan lagu model Jaranan.Saran yang pertama berdasarkan hasil penelitian adalah perlunya tambahan referensi untuk meningkatkan minat peserta didik dalam pembelajaran seni budaya. Saran yang kedua adalah perlunya peningkatan kompetensi guru dalam meningkatkan kualitas pelaksanaan pembelajaran agar tujuan pembelajaran dapat tercapai secara maksimal.
An organizational framework for the psychological individual differences: Integrating the affective, cognitive, and conative domains
Authors: Condon David M
Published: July 2018

Recognition of the importance of individual differences dates back to humanity’s oldest surviving texts yet the scientific study of individual differences has been surprisingly limited. This paradox is presumed to result from the fact that differential psychology has struggled to graduate beyond pre-paradigmatic status as a science. In part, this has stemmed from the tendency to align idiographic approaches with the largely nomothetic methods of differential psychology under the broad label of “personality” research. The struggle has shifted – and, to some extent, abated – following acceptance of the Big Five taxonomy of personality and the more pressing concern has recently been the need to incorporate findings from additional disciplines of differential psychology.The purpose of this research was to propose an integrated assessment model – a preliminary paradigm which can be tested against extant and future models of individual differences in terms of predictive utility for a wide range of behaviors. The procedures used to develop this model are described separately by discipline (temperament, cognitive ability and vocational interests) and are supplemented by a methodological study regarding item clusters and complexity. All analyses were based on Synthetic Aperture Personality Assessment sampling procedures and large international samples (N s ranged from 24,000 to 97,000 participants representing 170 to 199 countries).The proposed temperament scales were iteratively derived from factor analyses of the items in 8 widely-used public-domain measures and can be scored at three hierarchical levels (with 3, 5 and 15 factors). The case is made that these scales are well-suited for heterarchical assessment and that the heterarchical organization of personality constructs often reflects the manner in which personality models are used in everyday settings. The cognitive ability scales represent a validated public-domain pool of items designed to assess several types of ability in un-proctored online settings. The vocational interest scales are derived from two public-domain measures and reflect the traditional six-factor interests framework. Collectively, these scales form an efficient multi-dimensional, multi-disciplinary assessment model (the “SAPA Personality Inventory”) which aims to serve as a preliminary testable paradigm for differential psychology research.
Learning a technical language: The modality effect in nursing students' retention of new vocabulary
Authors: Wieland Patience S.
Published: July 2018

This study explores the modality effect as it applies to beginning nursing students, andwhether reading or audio recordings are more effective teaching formats for the highly technical vocabulary and pharmacological terms used in psychiatric nursing. Past research on health science students indicates that personal learning preferences may also have an impact on modality and learning. Nursing students have specific characteristics that influence personal learning preferences, and the use of digital audio recordings for learning, which also makes technical vocabulary especially challenging.
μ-Opioid Modulation of Reported Wanting of Palatable Food Images: A pharmacological fMRI study in healthy humans
Authors: Isager Peder Mortvedt
Published: July 2018

Type: Master's thesisSupervisors: Siri Leknes, Marie Eikemo, Tom JohnstoneFinal grade: B (Norwegian grade system). See supplemental materials for grader evaluation document.The endogenous μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system in the brain is central to reward behaviors across species, and brain areas implicated in reward are dense with μ-opioid receptors. The MOR system has received the most interest through its involvement in pleasure mediation (‘liking’), but there is much evidence to suggest a role for the MOR system in motivated ‘wanting’ as well. Nevertheless, we still know very little about the mechanisms of MOR modulation in reward motivation in healthy humans. Further, it is unclear to what extent the animal research on MOR modulation of reward-processing in the brain can be extended to humans, as very few studies have explored this relationship directly in the human brain. We examined the effects of a low dose (10mg) of per oral morphine (a μ-opioid agonist) on reported food wanting, and of applying a cognitive regulation task to downregulate this wanting, in healthy human participants. We also measured neural activity as approximated by functional magnetic resonance imaging. The study was designed to minimize the risk of potential confound effects of the drug manipulation. In a within-subject, counterbalanced, placebo-controlled, double-blind design, 63 participants (31 male, mean age 27 ±5) were tested in a morphine and placebo session on two separate days. In line with our expectations, morphine did not significantly affect subjective mood or state, respiration- or heart rate, or motor coordination. Morphine also did not appear to alter global BOLD, measured by a simple visual control task. The food wanting task elicited significant activation in reward related regions compared to baseline, and cognitive regulation produced the expected decrease in food wanting, together with increased activity in ventral prefrontal regions. Activation in extrastriate occipital regions was observed across tasks. Preliminary analyses confirmed our hypothesis that MOR agonism would increase food wanting, but did not confirm our hypothesis of associated activity increase in the striatum and medial prefrontal areas. Instead, increased activity in regulation-related regions may be required for successful downregulation of wanting after morphine treatment. In summary, we have now validated the paradigm and task design of this study. Thus, a complete analysis of the drug effects of interest can be conducted and the results interpreted to draw meaningful conclusions regarding the effects of MOR stimulation with morphine on BOLD signals relating to ‘wanting’ for palatable food images.
Towards Source Code Generation with Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Bountris Vasilis
Published: July 2018

The evolution of Machine Learning and Data Science disciplines has been rapid duringthe last decade. As computer engineers, we are looking for ways to take advantage of thisevolution.In this diploma thesis we examine the potential of recurrent neural networks to generatesource code, given their effectiveness at handling sequences. We propose two approaches,based on per-character analysis of software repositories. Following appropriate code pre-processing and network training, models generate source code through a stochastic process.We perform static code analysis on model products, in order to examine the performanceof the approaches. We have applied our approach on the JavaScript Language.The analysis shows the great representational power of the recurrent neural networks,but also the inability of our approaches to satisfactorily address the problem of automaticprogramming. Based on these findings, we propose further research directions and waysof exploiting the models that were designed.
Spurenanalyse mittelflüchtiger Xenobiotika in der freien Atmosphäre
Authors: Mittermaier Bernhard
Published: July 2018

Die Spurenanalyse organischer Verbindungen hat mehrere Dimensionen. Dazu zählen zum einen Messungen, bei denen der jeweilige Probenahmeort und seine Belastung im Vordergrund stehen. Dies betrifft zum Beispiel Raumluftanalysen hinsichtlich einer Belastung mit Formaldehyd aus Spanplatten. Hieraus resultieren dann in der Regel entsprechende Handlungs¬empfehlungen.Zum zweiten können auch Proben aus möglichst allen Teilen der Welt analysiert werden. Hieraus können Aussagen über die globale Verteilung von organischen Verbindungen getroffen werden. Dies ist auch Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit. Beispiele sind Untersuchungen zur Belastung mit Hexachlorcyclohexanen (HCHs) in der Troposphäre des Atlantik [Schreitmüller 1993] und des Pazifik [Tanabe 1982]. Hintergrund derartiger Untersuchungen ist die Erkenntnis, dass persistente Chemikalien eines potentielle Belastung für Mensch [Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften 2001] und Natur [Carson 1962] darstellen, und zwar weltweit und nicht nur am Ort ihrer Freisetzung in die Umwelt. Solche Chemikalien sind neben den erwähnten Hexachlorcyclohexanen z.B. Organochlorverbindungen wie DDT [Müller 1955; Sladden 1966] oder die Polychlorierten Biphenyle (PCBs) [Schmidt 1881; Risebrough 1966].Die vorgenannten Messungen der Hexachlorcyclohexane fanden vor knapp einem bzw. zwei Jahrzehnten statt. Damals waren klare Grenzen der Belastung zwischen Nord- und Südhemisphäre zu erkennen. Hat sich dieser Interhemisphärengradient (Konzentrations¬verhältnis zwischen Nord- und Südhemisphäre) in der Zwischenzeit verringert? Ergaben sich durch die Änderung des Anwendungsmusters z.B. wegen des wirtschaftlichen Niedergangs der Staaten der ehemaligen Sowjetunion auch Änderungen im globalen Verteilungsmuster? Existieren tatsächlich Verteilungsmechanismen im globalen Maßstab, wie es z.B. das Modell der „Globalen Destillation“ oder das Konzept der temperaturregulierten Verdampfungs- bzw. Desorptionsgleichgewichte zwischen Ozean bzw. Land und der Luft vorhersagen?Aufgabe dieser Arbeit war neben der Beantwortung solcher Fragestellungen mit Blick auf bereits früher untersuchte Verbindungen auch der Versuch, zwei bislang nicht untersuchte Substanzklassen (Polychlorierte Benzonitrile und Benzaldehyde) in mariner Luft nachzuweisen. Des weiteren war es Ziel, im Bereich der Probenahmetechnik Verbesserungen durch die Entwicklung eines neuen Adsorptionsmittels zu erzielen.
APPLICATION OF SOCIAL INQUIRY LEARNING MODEL TO IMPROVE SOCIAL PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILL TO THE STUDENTS OF CLASS V A SDN JERUK 2 SURABAYA
Authors: Widodo Slamet
Published: July 2018

The research was conducted on the basis of skills that must be mastered by students still limited to the low-level thinking. It was because the learning process conducted not to develop and to improve the skill of solving the problem. Therefore, researcher wanted to improve the quality of learning by applying social inquiry learning model. The purpose of this study were to describe the activities of teachers and students in learning process, to describe the development in the social problem-solving skills of students, and to develop students’ response to the learning process.The method of the research was class action research through four recycle stages, namely planning of class action, implementation of class action learning, observation, and reflection. Subject and location of the research was students of class V A SDN Jeruk 2 Surabaya consisting of 25 students. The instruments were the observation sheet, test and questionnaire sheet. The data analysis technique was quantitative and qualitative description. This research was conducted for three cycles. The result was obtained from the analysis of the data showed that the activity of teachers in the cycle I 90 %, the cycle II 93 %, and the cycle III 97%. The activitiy of students in the cycle I 75,8 %, the cycle II 91 %, and the cycle III 95%. For the improvement of social problem-solving skills of students in the cycle I 78 %, the cycle II 87,5 %, and the cycle III 93 %. The response of students to the learning process showed good results, students could easily understand the lesson. The conclusion of the research was that the social inquiry learning model could improve social problem-solving skills. It was proven when students could solve the social problems, students' skill is progressive in each cycle. The results of this research could be the reference and the alternative learning of social studies.
PEMBELAJARAN EKSTRAKURIKULER PADUAN SUARA DI SMP NEGERI 2 SEMARANG
Authors: Lestari Puji
Published: July 2018

Pembelajaran ekstrakurikuler paduan suara di SMP Negeri 2 Semarang merupakan salah satu kegiatan ekstrakurikuler dalam bidang seni musik. Banyak prestasi yang telah diraih oleh paduan suara SMP Negeri 2 Semarang baik dalam tingkat propinsi maupun tingkat nasional. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana proses pembelajaran esktrakurikuler paduan suara di SMP Negeri 2 Semarang dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Manfaat dari penelitian ini ada 2 yaitu teoritis dan praktis. Manfaat teoritis sebagai kontribusi bagi kepustakaan, bagi penulis selanjutnya agar dapat sebagai dasar rujukan penulisan lebih lanjut. Manfaat praktis yaitu bagi peneliti dapat menambah wawasan dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran bidang vokal khususnya paduan suara, bagi paduan suara SMP Negeri 2 Semarang dapat menjadi gambaran/ deskripsi tertulis tentang pembelajaran paduan suara.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis dengan teknik analisi dan interaktif dengan tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan.Hasil penelitian dan pembahasan menunjukan, ada tiga tahapan pembelajaran yaitu, (1) perencanaan meliputi persiapan materi lagu, mendata siswa, dan menyiapkan alat bantu pembelajaran, (2) pelaksanaan meliputi bentuk latihan antara lain pemanasan, sikap tubuh, pernapasan, artikulasi, intonasi, membaca notasi dan syair lagu, frasering, intrepretasi dan pembawaan lagu, keterpaduan, keseimbangan, (3) evaluasi meliputi tanya jawab dari kesulitan yang dihadapi siswa, penilaian di setiap akhir semester. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ekstrakurikuler paduan suara yaitu faktor pendukung dan penghambat. Faktor pendukung yaitu, (1) siswa memiliki kerjasama yang baik antar anggota, minat siswa dalam mengikuti ekstrakurikuler, dorongan diri siswa untuk meraih prestasi (2) pelatih memiliki sikap profesional yang tinggi, disiplin dan tegas, mampu menumbuhkan semangat dan percaya diri siswa, mampu mendekatkan diri dengan siswa. (3) sekolah menyediakan sarana dan prasana. Sedangkan faktor penghambat ekstrakurikuler minimnya kemampuan siswa membaca notasi angka, kurangnya rasa percaya diri dalam bernyanyi dan kurangnya kedisiplinan dalam mengikuti pembelajaran.Saran yang dapat diberikan peneliti adalah siswa harus lebih percaya diri dalam bernyanyi dan disiplin dalam mengikuti pembelajaran, hendaknya pelatih terus menambah wawasan yang luas tentang musik terutama yang menyangkut dalam bidang olah vokal, dalam proses pembelajaran lebih di tingkatkan lagi kreativitasnya, bagi sekolah diharapkan agar terus menjaga eksistensinya dalam mengembangkan ekstrakurikuler paduan suara, bagi sekolah lain dapat menjadi referensi dalam pembelajaran paduan suara.
SEDIMENTOLOGY AND SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY OF SHALLOW MARINE SEDIMENTS IN A SYN-RIFT SETTING: HUGIN FORMATION, SOUTH VIKING GRABEN
Authors: Kieft Rachel , Jackson Christopher Aiden-Lee , Hampson Gary J.
Published: July 2018

Fault growth and linkage within rift basins generates localised uplift and subsidence, which may exert significant control over syn-rift sedimentation. The shallow-marine Hugin Formation within the South Viking Graben, a salt-influenced rift basin, is studied as an example of such sedimentation. The principal aims of this thesis are to: (1) characterise the sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of the succession, (2) investigate structural development within the graben by analysis of the hangingwall dipslope, and (3) establish the impact of syn-depositional structural development on shallow marine sedimentation. Sedimentological analysis of the Hugin Formation has recognised fifteen facies that are grouped into six facies associations: bay-fill, shoreface, fluvio-tidal channel fill, mouth bar, coastal plain and offshore open marine. Combining the results of this analysis with biostratigraphy, the studied succession is subdivided into a series of units delineated by regionally correlatable maximum flooding surfaces. Within the stratigraphic framework delineated by these surfaces each of the main facies associations are developed coevally in distinct and different geographical locations. Higher order flooding surfaces, transgressive surfaces and candidate sequence boundaries can also be interpreted within this framework which are geographically localised. Structural analysis of the hangingwall dipslope identified a series of distinct structural features that were evolving contemporaneous with Hugin Formation deposition. To the north, the gravity-driven Gudrun-Brynhild fault array initiated as a series of distinct segments which subsequently propagated and linked. Further south, the salt-cored highs at Dagny and Alpha Central were also developing. Palaeogeographical localisation of facies associations is interpreted to reflect deposition within these different structural locations along with proximity to the axial fluvial feeder system to the south of the basin. Sediment supply via wave-driven longshore drift from the north of the basin and local re-working of structurally controlled palaeohighs was also important.
Female Figurines from the Mut Precinct: Context and Ritual Function
Authors: Waraksa Elizabeth A.
Published: July 2018

[Author's note: A lightly edited version of this dissertation was published in 2009 as Female Figurines from the Mut Precinct: Context and Ritual Function. Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 240. Fribourg: Academic Press/Goettingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 10: 3525534566/ISBN 13: 9783525534564 https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-152360]This study concerns the ceramic female figurines excavated by Johns Hopkins at the Precinct of Mut in Luxor, Egypt between 2001 and 2004. The figures date from the New Kingdom to the Late Period (ca. 1550-332 BCE). Ceramic figurines are frequently overlooked by archaeologists, art historians, and social historians because they lack the aesthetic qualities usually associated with Egyptian art. However, the Hopkins-excavated figurines display features that mark them as standardized ritual objects. I argue that ceramic female figurines were produced in workshops, utilized by magician/physicians in healing rituals, and regularly snapped and discarded at the end of their effective ‘lives.’ This is a new, broader interpretation for objects that have previously been interpreted as toys, dolls, concubine figures, and - most recently - votive "fertility figurines.”
Understanding Ethics in Sustainability Transitions: Towards Social Learning for Sustainable Food Systems
Authors: Robertson Christian
Published: July 2018

This thesis explores the importance of an appropriate understanding of ethics in sustainability transitions. Through a conceptual analysis, it finds that the dominant understanding of modernist ethics is unsuitable to the contexts of contingency in sustainability transitions, and that the participatory understanding of ethics as a complex system presents a far more adequate approach to the ethical complexity of socioecological systems. In particular, the strategy of „practising provisionality‟ is suggested, which understands the process of ethical decision-making as a process of social learning. This argument is further supported by a critical reflection on the food system context.
STRATEGI DAN INOVASI PEMBELAJARAN SENI MUSIK DI SMP NEGERI 34 SEMARANG
Authors: Lestari Puji
Published: July 2018

Kegiatan pembelajaran merupakan kegiatan utama yang diterapkan di sekolah, dalam kegiatan pembelajaran guru memiliki strategi-strategi dan inovasi pembelajaran yang digunakan disetiap melakukan proses kegiatan belajar mengajar di dalam kelas, dan mematahkan persepsi para siswa tentang pelajaran seni budaya khususnya seni musik bukanlah mata pelajaran yang boleh untuk dinomor duakan dari mata pelajaran umum yang lain. Masalah yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah Strategi dan Inovasi Pembelajaran Seni Musik di SMP Negeri 34 Semarang.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian bertempat di SMP Negeri 34 Semarang. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah strategi dan inovasi pembelajaran dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar di kelas meliputi strategi pembelajaran yang digunakan guru serta inovasi pembelajaran yang dilakukan guru. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumen. Keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi data.Hasil penelitian mengenai strategi dan inovasi pembelajaran seni musik di SMP Negeri 34 Semarang menunjukan bahwa strategi pembelajaran yang digunakan guru di kelas adalah strategi pengelolaan kegiatan yang meliputi : (1) penyampaian materi, (2) peralatan atau media, dan (3) bahan serta waktu, selain beberapa strategi yang telah digunakan sebelumnya guru juga menggunakan strategi berbasis masalah (SPMB) sebagai metode pembelajaran di dalam kelas, dari strategi terdapat lima komponen yang ikut serta digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran, lima komponen tersebut ialah tujuan pembelajaran, materi pembelajaran, metode, media dan evaluasi. Sedangkan terdapat tiga model inovasi pembelajaran yang digunakan ialah inovasi pembelajaran kuantum, inovasi pembelajaran kompetensi dan inovasi pembelajaran kontekstual.Simpulan hasil penelitian yakni strategi pembelajaran pengelolaan kegiatan yang bertujuan agar kegiatan beklajar mengajar di dalam kelas lebih terarah dan tujuan digunakannya inovasi pembelajaran adalah agar menciptakan kesan baru untuk para siswa dalam mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran seni musik. Saran yang disampaikan yakni untuk sekolah agar lebih memperhatikan fasilitas alat-alat musik untuk para siswa, untuk guru lebih mengembangkan strategi pembelajaran yang sudah ada dan menciptakan inovasi-inovasi baru yang lebih menarik.
Effects of fixed- and variable-time schedules of mirror presentations on the swimming behaviour of Betta splendens
Authors: Martin Toby Laine
Published: July 2018

The effects of response-independent mirror presentation schedules on the swimming behaviour of Betta splendens were studied in two experiments. In experiment 1, four fish received alternating baseline (no mirror) and fixed-time (FT) 2-min or variable-time (VT) 2-min mirror presentation conditions. Two fish consistently showed increased rates of mirror-side lap-swimming (MSLS; a back-and-forth swimming pattern) and decreased distance from the mirror during the inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs) of FT and VT sessions, and during baseline sessions that followed FT and VT phases. Data from one fish indicated that a VT schedule might increase both proximity to the mirror and MSLS rates that have decreased on FT. Therefore, in experiment 2 three fish from experiment 1 received alternating FT and VT conditions. Proximity to the mirror and MSLS rates increased during VT phases relative to FT phases in two fish, though effects were small and did not occur across all alternations. Additional findings were that MSLS during ISIs tended to increase within FT phases, that MSLS generally occurred either at a steady rate within ISIs or showed a scalloped effect, that mirror presentations produced approach to the mirror side that persisted during ISIs and subsequent baseline phases, and that mirror-side distance during the mirror presentations was less than during the ISIs. Although the findings were not consistent across all fish, they were replicated a number of times within at least two of the fish. The findings are discussed in terms of adventitious operant conditioning, respondent conditioning, and the behaviour systems approach. The results of this study increase the generality of response-independent schedule effects on locomotive behaviour.
SERVICE EXCELENT CONCIERGE SECTION DALAM MENUNJANG KEPUASAN TAMU DI HOTEL DE PAVILJOEN BANDUNG
Authors: Nugraha Muhamad Fajar
Published: July 2018

Salah satu bagian yang sangat besar peran sertanya dalam kelancaran operasional hotel dibawah Departemen Front Office adalah bagian Concierge. Concierge merupakan petugas yang memiliki kewajiban dan tugas dalam menangani serta bertanggung jawab terhadap barang bawaan tamu baik itu pada saat melakukan check-in maupun check-out. Concierge bisa dikatakan ujung tombak dan kesan pertama yang akan didapatkan oleh tamu yang akan menginap di hotel. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah Penulis ingin menjabarkan bagaimana upaya yang dilakukan concierge dalam memberikan pelayanan terbaik kepada tamu meliputi tentang penanganan barang bawaan tamu, dan proses check in check out agar tamu yang datang ke hotel menjadi puas. Apabila kualitas pelayanan concierge memuaskan maka akan berdampak kepada hotel itu sendiri, yang mana akan menciptakan tamu yang loyal dan tentunya memberikan kontribusi yang baik bagi hotel tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, metode ini menggunakan cara observasi dan melakukan penjabaran yang dapat menggambarkan kondisi nyata penulis menjadi seorang Concierge Section terkait dengan pelaksanaan kerja sesuai dengan Standar Operasional Procedur atau SOP yang ada.
The Relationship Between Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mood in Older People
Authors: Yates Jennifer
Published: July 2018

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has received increasing attention since the early 1990s. However, considerable controversy exists over exactly how the concept of MCI is defined and measured, and the implications of assigning or receiving a diagnosis of MCI. There is evidence of a link between MCI and mood, but empirical work remains conflicted and inconclusive. The first chapter provides an overview of the MCI concept and highlights some of the issues surrounding its definition. Chapter 2 provides a detailed description of the methodology and background to the empirical work presented in Chapters 4-6. A systematic review of the literature forms the third chapter of this thesis and establishes the need for further study into the relationship between MCI and mood. Chapter 4 makes use of data from the first Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC-CFAS I) to investigate the role of subjective memory complaints (SMC) in the relationship between MCI and mood over a two year period. The results indicated that SMC may be related more strongly to mood than to objective cognitive performance, which raises questions about whether SMC should be included as a criterion in the MCI definition. Chapter 5 clarifies these findings using data from a contemporary cohort in the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study Wales (CFAS Wales). Chapter 6 investigates the role of health in the relationship between MCI and mood, again using data from CFAS Wales. The findings suggest that health problems constitute a risk factor for developing depression and anxiety, which may in turn affect cognitive functioning. This presents a useful opportunity for intervention to improve the quality of life for older people by improving their physical health, or improving the management of long-term conditions. Social networks were investigated as an influential factor in the relationship between MCI and mood, using data from CFAS Wales. Whilst increases in social network size were associated with fewer mood problems and increased cognitive functioning, they did not moderate the relationship between the two. However, this finding still showed that having more social contacts is beneficial and important to the quality of life of older people. The last chapter presents a discussion of the findings in relation to each of the research questions outlined in Chapter 1. The chapter also includes a commentary on the methodological considerations that were faced when developing this thesis, the implications of the findings and directions for future research.
On the Summation of Visual Noise
Authors: Taylor Christopher Patrick
Published: July 2018

What information is used by the visual system to detect patterns? A standard modelhypothesizes that both spatial frequency and orientation information are processed byindependent channels, meaning there is no summation among channels. Despite the consensus among researchers on how the visual system sums spatial frequency and orientation information, there are data in the literature (Kersten, 1987) that ostensibly contradict the standard model. To resolve this conflict, we measured the e?ciency of spatial frequency and orientation of ?ltered noise. To learn what information the visual system uses when detecting ?ltered noise, we applied a technique that can determine the information used to detect and discriminate ?ltered visual noise. In Chapter 2 the detection of spatial frequency ?ltered noise is not only e?cient but remains so with stimulus uncertainty and extremely brief (10ms) stimulus duration. When the spatial frequency channel used wasmeasured, we found a fi?xed bandwidth channel as the spatial frequency of the pattern was increased. To test the standard model, we implemented simulations of the standard model and contrary to the interpretation, the standard model could predict detection of spatial frequency ?ltered noise. Chapter 3 used spatial frequency filtered noise to relate the detection and discrimination of ?ltered visual noise. A simple rule relates what information observers use to detect and discriminate spatial frequency ?ltered noise. Chapter 4 extends the work of Chapter 2 to orientation information and found that orientation fi?ltered noise is detected efficiently. We again measured what information observers used and found that unlike SF ?filtered noise, observers use orientation in a flexible or adjustablemanner.
Frontal Cortex Functioning in Infancy
Authors: Holmboe Karla
Published: July 2018

The functional status of the frontal cortex in infancy and early childhood is relatively poorly understood, and not much is known about the relationships between the few tasks developed to assess such functioning. The work presented in this thesis investigated these questions using an individual differences approach. Two cohorts of children were tested longitudinally on a set of tasks that have been associated with the frontal cortex in an attempt to establish whether these tasks share common functional mechanisms. Cohort 1 (n = 24) was tested at 9 and 24 months of age, and Cohort 2 (n = 104) was tested at 4 and 9 months of age. Furthermore, a new task, termed the Freeze-Frame task, was developed to assess inhibitory functioning in infancy using eye movements as the dependent measure. The relationship between performance on infant frontal cortex tasks and measures of temperament and general development was also investigated. Finally, a common genetic variation, the COMT Val158Met polymorphism, which has been specifically associated with variation in the neurobiology of the frontal cortex, was investigated in relation to performance on the infant frontal cortex tasks. The results indicated that frontal cortex tasks administered at the same age shared functional mechanisms. Performance indices from the new Freeze-Frame task were associated with performance on several other infant and toddler frontal cortex tasks. Associations between frontal cortex tasks administered at 9 months were stronger than between the tasks administered at 4 months. Longitudinal associations were generally lacking between 4 and 9 months, but some strong associations were found between 9 and 24 months of age. At 4 months of age frontal cortex tasks tended to be associated with better self-regulation as assessed by a parent-report temperament questionnaire. However, at 9 and 24 months of age this pattern had reversed indicating that more reactive children tended to perform better on frontal cortex tasks. Some of the frontal cortex tasks were associated with measures of general cognitive development. However, the associations found between frontal cortex tasks could generally not be accounted for by variation in general cognitive ability. The COMT Val158Met polymorphism was found to be related to a selective aspect of performance on the new Freeze-Frame task, but not to any of the other frontal cortex tasks. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for our understanding of frontal cortex functioning in infancy and early childhood.
The Impact of the Physical Instructional Setting upon the Effectiveness of the Orton-Gillingham (OG) Approach
Authors: Johnston Samantha-Kaye
Published: July 2018

This study examines the impact of the physical instructional setting of Grade Four students' with reading difficulties in Jamaica, on the effectiveness of the Orton-Gillingham (OG) approach. Using the theoretical lens of the bio-ecological theory, this relationship is explored using a sequential transformative mixed-methods design. This comprises the use of 2 instructional settings, 54 students and 2 teachers to gather and analyze data in two distinct phases. The first phase collects quantitative data from the Grade Four Literacy Test (GFLT), which measures word recognition, writing and reading comprehension. Test score data are analyzed using Mann-Whitney U, which reveals the existence of significant differences for writing and reading comprehension scores based on instructional setting. In the second phase, qualitative data from photographs and interviews are used to investigate the specific physical features of each instructional setting which might have impacted upon the effectiveness of the OG approach. Photographic (visual) data are analyzed using critical visual analysis, while interview data are analyzed using thematic analysis. Data is triangulated at the stage of interpretation. The results led to the conclusion that the presence and use of displays, ample space and an absence of noise, enhance the effectiveness of the OG approach. Additional findings demonstrate that the physical setting cannot be separated from the social or cognitive characteristics of people within that setting. Finally, recommendations for teachers and policy makers are presented. The limitations related to data collection tools and sample size are also given. Consequently, suggestions are provided to improve the methodological rigour of future studies exploring the impact of the physical setting upon the OG approach.
Computer Aided Quality Control in Clinical Chemistry
Authors: Chatzimichail Aristeidis T.
Published: July 2018

This doctoral thesis describes a series of tools that have been developed for the design, evaluation, and selection of optimal quality control procedures, in a clinical chemistry laboratory setting. These tools include: 1) A simulation program for the design, evaluation, and comparison of alternative quality control procedures. The program allows (a) the definition of a very large number of quality control rules, and (b) the definition of the quality control procedures as boolean propositions of any degree of complexity. The program elucidates the ways the error is introduced into the measurements and describes the respective methods of simulation. Therefore, it allows the study of the performance of the quality control procedures when (a) there is error in all the measurements, (b) the error is introduced between two consecutive analytical runs, and (c) the error is introduced within an analytical run, between two consecutive control samples. 2) A library of fifty alternative quality control procedures. 3) A library of the power function graphs of these procedures. 4) A program for the selection of the optimal quality control procedure of the library, given an analytical process. As optimal quality control procedure is considered the procedure that detects the critical errors with stated probabilities and the minimum probability for false rejection. A new general system of equations is proposed for the calculation of the critical errors.
An Engaged Pedagogy of Everyday Life
Authors: Slotkus Paulius Yamin
Published: July 2018

This book is a research monograph about everyday life and education. Its aim is to explore the potential (both for cultural theory and practice) of the intersections that can be traced in-between them. To do so, the book starts with a theoretical discussion that builds first on everyday life from a cultural perspective (using the arguments of authors such as Michel de Certeau, Guy Debord, Michael Sheringham and Ben Highmore) and then on education and critical pedagogy (drawing on bell hooks, Paulo Freire, Sara Ahmed) in order to build a common ground from where their joint potential of both subjects can be grasped. This common ground and the way in which it can be articulated and used is further strengthened in a third section that is based on theatre (especially on the methodology of the theatre of the oppressed developed by Augusto Boal) and on the power of the everyday narratives (term used by de Certeau and Sheringham) that theatre introduces. After this theoretical framework, a specific context of a project where education was successfully used to change everyday life in a small city of Colombia is used in order to problematize and illustrate the importance and potential of this approach.