bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stem Cells: DNA Microarray Approach
Authors: Ilyas Syafruddin
Published: June 2023

In recent years, stem cell therapy has become a very promising and advanced scientific research topic. The development of treatment methods has evoked great expectations, not only researchers but also society due to its potency in cell-based therapy. Stem cells are unspecialized cells of the human body. They are able to differentiate into any cell of an organism and have the ability of self-renewal. Broadly speaking, the application of stem cells can be divided into two, namely: autotransplantation (donor and recipient are same person) and allotransplantation (donors and recipients are people who different). However, other applications namely xenotransplantation (donor and the recipient is the species that different) now it also becomes center of attention. Since it is challenging to isolate stem cells, molecular methods specifically the use of a DNA microarray, are one way to find stem cells. Microarrays have been applied in stem cell research to identify major features or expression signatures that define stem cells and characterize their differentiation programs toward specific lineages. This paper is a review focused on a discussion of the of the microarray technology and types of stem cell transplant.
Human Papillomavirus: Detection Method and Infection
Authors: Ilyas Syafruddin
Published: June 2023

The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a small non-enveloped DNA virus, around 8000 bp in size and only humans become its host by infecting skin epithelial tissue, human oral mucosa and anogenital epithelium. Human Papillomavirus is often found in patients and is ranked as the second most malignant disease in women, belonging to the Alphapapillomavirus genus. HPV infection can be identified through the structure of the HPV virus itself and the particles contained therein which initiate the carcinogenic process of its host. The research methods used in this study are literature studies. The literature study method is a series of activities related to the method of collecting library data, reading, recording and managing research materials. The method often used to detect HPV is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The viral cell reproduction process is aided by activated proteins E1, E2, E4, E5, E6, and E7, which also delay apoptosis and alter the host cell cycle in various ways to cause cell alterations that result in cancer cells.
Emilia Pardo Bazán y otras ‘sin sillón’: una cuestión de violencia de género en la prensa de finales del siglo XIX
Authors: Siviero Donatella
Published: June 2023

El trabajo propone una serie de reflexiones en torno a un tema que, a partir dela segunda mitad del siglo XIX, tuvo una creciente presencia en la prensa, es decir, el rol de lasliteratas en la sociedad. Más específicamente, la atención se centra en las discusiones relativasa una discriminación que fue una de las tantas formas de la simbólica violencia de género dela época: la imposibilidad para las mujeres de verse aceptadas como académicas por la RealAcademia Española. A través de algunos artículos que pertenecen al peculiar género periodísticodel ensayo epistolar breve, se analizan varios aspectos del debate sobre la ‘cuestión académica’,que experimentó una subida de tono a partir de 1889, a raíz de los rumores relativos a la posiblecandidatura de Emilia Pardo Bazán para un sillón
Valladolid y sus recuerdos. Un artículo olvidado de Emilia Pardo Bazán en La Lira. Periódico quincenal de Literatura y Música Dedicado al Bello Sexo
Authors: Sotelo Vázquez Marisa
Published: June 2023

Se trata de un artículo olvidado publicado por una joven Emilia Pardo Bazánen el periódico coruñés La Lira (13-V-1875), dedicado al escultor Juan de Juni. Es una muestramuy temprana de su actividad como viajera y cronista de arte. Como tantos otros artículos de laautora responde al andamiaje teórico determinista de Taine en Filosofía del Arte.
ІСТОРІЯ ЛІСОВІДНОВЛЕННЯ ТА ЛІСОРОЗВЕДЕННЯ В УМОВАХ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЗБАЛАНСОВАНОГО РОЗВИТКУ СХІДНОГО ПОДІЛЛЯ
Authors: ЄЛІСАВЕНКО Юрій , ПОЛІЩУК Віктор , ХАЄЦЬКИЙ Григорій
Published: June 2023

Метою статті є аналіз історії лісовідновлення та лісорозведення на території Східного Поділля та розробка періодизації для подальшого вивчення проблематики дослідження. Матеріал досліджень – наукові праці, статистичні та історико-архівні дані, в яких згадується про розвиток процесу лісовідновлення та лісорозведення на території Східного Поділля. Методи досліджень – аналітичні, описові, статистичні, картографічні та ретроспективного аналізу. Стаття присвячена проблемі історії розвитку процесу лісовідновлення та лісорозведення, а також розробки її періодизації на основі праць науковців, природоохоронців, істориків та інших публіцистів. На основі досліджень виділено дев’ять періодів господарського освоєння лісових угідь Вінниччини. Основною метою є історичний аналіз лісовідновлення та лісорозведення в умовах Східного Поділля та порівняння її із сучасними темпами та сучасними підходами та принципами. Наукова новизна роботи включає розробку періодизації процесу лісовідновлення та лісорозведення на території Східного Поділля для ширшого розуміння наукових підходів та принципів її впровадження в умовах формування збалансованого розвитку регіону, а також аналіз ефективності застосування технології лісовирощування. Висновок. Сучасний процес лісовирощування необхідно проводити із дотриманням технологічних процесів відповідно до вимог лісової типології, а також із застосуванням принципів наближеного до природного лісівництва та екологізації природокористування.
ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ ДОСВІД ІНСТИТУАЛІЗАЦІЇ ТА РОЗВИТКУ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА
Authors: КОМІСАРЕНКО Анна
Published: June 2023

У статті досліджено зарубіжний досвід інституалізації та розвитку соціального підприємництва, визначено основні моделі законодавчого закріплення його основних понять і норм. Тож в американської системи можна запозичити систему сертифікації соціальних підприємств, яка документально підтверджує той факт, що підприємство займається суспільно корисною, неприбутковою діяльністю. Окрім того, варто було б запозичити принципи надання кредитів для фінансування конкретних суспільно корисних програм та бюджетних грантів на створення і розвиток соціальних підприємств. Із польської системи організації соціального підприємництва – те, що не менше половини членів такої організації мають займати представники незахищених верств населення – це люди з обмеженими можливостями, ті, хто опинився у складній життєвій ситуації, та ін. Україна може використовувати окремі риси моделі Великобританії, але повністю впроваджувати подібну модель було б недоцільно, адже існує ризик низької ефективності управління розвитком соціального підприємництва за відсутності загальної, єдиної для всіх правової моделі. Розкрито основні ознаки світового соціального підприємництва, проаналізовано його основні ознаки й характерні особливості, визначено його відмінності як від традиційного бізнесу, так і від волонтерської діяльності. Установлено, що в сучасних умовах спостерігається недостатній рівень розвитку соціального підприємництва в Україні, що пов’язано передусім із відсутністю законодавчої бази, яка б чітко визначала поняття «соціальне підприємництво» та регламентувала порядок створення і діяльності соціальних підприємств. Надано пропозиції щодо правових моделей соціального підприємництва, прийнятних для України з урахуванням поточного розвитку. Наголошено на необхідності посилення ролі держави у створенні сприятливих умов для розвитку соціального підприємництва.
ЕКОЛОГО-ТИПОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РОЗПОДІЛУ ЗАПАСІВ СУХОСТІЙНОЇ МЕРТВОЇ ДЕРЕВИНИ У ЛІСОВИХ НАСАДЖЕННЯХ ФІЛІЇ «ЖОВТНЕВЕ ЛГ» ДП «ЛІСИ УКРАЇНИ»
Authors: ЧОРНОБРОВ Олександр , ТИМОЧКО Ігор , МУДРАК Олександр
Published: June 2023

Відмерла деревина є важливим компонентом лісових екосистем, який виконує низку екологічних функцій. Метою статті є вивчити еколого-типологічні особливості запасів сухостійної мертвої деревини у лісових насадженнях філії «Жовтневе ЛГ» ДП «Ліси України» (Харківська обл.). Територія філії має важливе природоохоронне значення, оскільки в її межах розташовані об’єкти Смарагдової мережі. Дослідження проведено за даними матеріалів лісовпорядкування лісового фонду. Установлено, що площа лісових насаджень, у яких під час лісовпорядкування виявлено сухостій, становила 11885,7 га або 26,1 %, від загальної вкритої лісом площі. Загалом сухостій було виявлено у лісостанах 16 деревних видів загальним запасом 101030 м3. Середній запас сухостійної мертвої деревини у розрізі деревних видів становить від 3,0 м3∙га–1 (вільха чорна (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaerth) до 16,0 м3∙га–1 (ялина європейська (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), в цілому для усіх деревних видів – 8,5 м3∙га–1. У насадженнях переважаючих деревних видів – дуба звичайного (Quercus robur L.) та сосни звичайної (Pinus sylvestris L.) середній запас сухостою становив 8,2 м3∙га–1 і 10,2 м3∙га–1, відповідно. У лісових насадженнях середній запас сухостою за трофотопами виявився найбільшим у сугрудах (судібровах) – 11,8 м3∙га–1, а найменшим – у борах 6,6 м3∙га–1. За гігротопами середні запаси сухостою становили від 2,4 м3∙га–1 (сирі умови) до 8,5 м3∙га–1 (свіжі умови). Сухостій виявлено у 16 з 28 типів лісу, які представлені у лісовому фонді досліджуваного об’єкта. Середній запас сухостою по типах лісу становить від 2,4 м3∙га–1 (сирий чорновільховий груд) до 20,0 м3∙га–1 (суха та свіжа берестово-пакленові діброви). Для свіжої кленово-липової діброви, що переважаючим типом лісу, середній запас становив 8,3 м3∙га–1. В цілому середні запаси сухостійної відмерлої деревини у лісових насадженнях є низькими, що може бути пов’язане з проведенням лісогосподарських заходів, що передбачають вилучення мертвої деревини. Отримані нами дані є важливими для досліджень закономірностей формування запасів деревного детриту у типах лісу Північного сходу України та ролі мертвої деревини у збереженні біорізноманіття лісових екосистем.
Sostegno ai consumi: il profilo dei beneficiari di voucher, bonus e buoni spesa
Authors: Bergamante Francesca , Marucci Marco
Published: June 2023

A seguito della pandemia di Covid-19 sono state introdotte misure eccezionali finalizzate a sostenere i settori dell'economia particolarmente colpiti e le famiglie in difficoltà. Il presente contributo intende fornire una chiave di lettura della natura delle diverse misure adottate, alcune tuttora attive e presentare alcune riflessioni a partire dai dati dell'indagine campio- naria Inapp-Plus 2021, relativi all'utilizzo di voucher e bonus durante la pandemia. Attraverso l'analisi di tali dati, da un lato si delineano il profilo e le caratteristiche dei beneficiari delle diverse misure, dall'altro si tenta di comprendere se e come queste forme di supporto soffrano di un'asimmetria informativa che per certi versi tende ad escludere alcune catego- rie di vulnerabilità.
Vulnerabilità e misure di sostegno al reddito in Italia: il caso del reddito di cittadinanza
Authors: De Angelis Marina
Published: June 2023

Nel quadro del costante aumento delle disuguagliane e dell'emarginazione sociale in Italia, il tema delle misure di sostegno al reddito è tra i più dibattuti dall'opinione pubblica, accademia e dai decisori politici. Nonostante la necessità sociale di affrontare la questione della povertà, le recenti riforme stanno ripensando in senso restrittivo la misura. Tali riforme sono guidate da una scarsa qualità dell'informazione sul tema. Per questo sono fondamentali valutazioni che provengano da fonti dati attendibili che possano guidare al meglio l'opinione pubblica e i decisori. Analizzando la platea del Reddito di Cittadinanza e quella dei vulnerabili in Italia, sulla base dei dati Inapp-Plus, in questo lavoro si riflette sulla capacità della politica di raggiungere la popolazione target, ovvero i più vulnerabili. Inoltre, si analizza la capacità della politica di risolvere le problematiche dei beneficiari e avere un effetto sugli obiettivi per i quali è stata disegnata.
La Costituzione del lavoro e dell'ambiente. Per un nuovo contratto sociale
Authors: Morrone Andrea
Published: June 2023

Il saggio ha l'obiettivo di aprire una discussione tra gli studiosi di diritto del lavoro e di diritto costituzionale intorno alla modifica della Costituzione sulla tutela dell'ambiente e alle sue conseguenze in ordine al compromesso capitale e lavoro. I problemi affrontati sono: il rapporto tra impresa, lavoro e ambiente, l'alleanza "lavoro-ambiente" come limite al capitalismo, la c.d. green just transition, i soggetti portatori nelle relazioni industriali della tutela ambientale. Per affrontare queste sfide il saggio elabora una teoria dell'ambiente basata su una concezione pre-scrittiva della Costituzione, e indica gli orizzonti del bilanciamento derivanti dalla gerarchia positiva stabilita tra i valori concernenti la libertà d'impresa, la tutela del lavoro e la protezione dell'ambiente. Il saggio si chiude proponendo una nuova lettura della Costituzione guidata dal principio per cui la Repubblica è fondata sull'ambiente.
Rileggendo un "classico moderno": Cultura e istituti partecipativi delle relazioni industriali in Europa di Marco Biagi
Authors: Zoppoli Lorenzo
Published: June 2023

L'Autore rilegge un saggio di Marco Biagi nell'ambito della ripresa delle riletture dei classici del diritto del lavoro, di cui ripercorre innanzitutto genesi e storia. Il saggio di Biagi viene es-senzialmente considerato un classico di relazioni industriali e, in particolare, un "classico moderno" proprio per l'impianto culturale e la finalizzazione concreta. Una prima parte della rilet-tura è dedicata alle scelte teoriche che lo ispirano, pluraliste e normativiste, messe a confronto con precisazioni ed evoluzioni degli studi di relazioni industriali di ieri e di oggi. La seconda parte invece analizza più specificamente la concezione di Biagi in ordine a cultura e istituti partecipativi, filtrata dall'esame delle direttive su Comitati aziendali europei, società europea e diritti di informazione e consultazione. Un ultimo paragrafo mette in luce come, dopo vent'anni, resti ancora molto da fare per promuovere un'evoluzione delle relazioni sindacali europee in senso partecipativo, come auspicava Marco Biagi, e come occorra probabilmente una normatività più incisiva da parte dell'Unione.
L'esperienza del paziente nella terapia di gruppo online: una ricerca esplorativa durante il lockdown
Authors: Ambrosiano Ivan , Gullo Salvatore , Di Caro Alessandro , Graffeo Maria Teresa , Giordano Cecilia
Published: June 2023

In questo articolo gli autori hanno esplorato, attraverso un questionario strutturato con risposte sia aperte che chiuse, l'esperienza di 39 pazienti che hanno proseguito la psicoterapia di gruppo nel setting online durante il periodo di restrizioni dovute alla pandemia. Sono state indagate diverse aree: il setting, che comprende le reazioni iniziali alla necessità del transito online, le sensazioni nel mostrare e poter vedere gli spazi privati dei partecipanti e dei terapeuti, le difficoltà relative al mantenimento della privacy, l'efficacia clinica, connessa a aspetti positivi e negativi della nuova modalità; la relazione terapeutica, che esplora l'alleanza con i terapeuti e con il gruppo, nonché le rappresentazioni emergenti; e lo stile di conduzione del terapeuta e le dinamiche di gruppo. I risultati sono stati confrontati con la letteratura italiana e internazionale.
Far quadrare il cerchio? Riflessioni su Positive Bonding e Negative Relationship in due gruppi di psicoterapia rivolti a giovani adulti: un confronto tra il setting online e in presenza
Authors: Locati Ilaria , Gaffo Alessandra , Forgione Margherita , Ventura Beatrice , Di Riso Daniela
Published: June 2023

Le autrici presentano un lavoro di ricerca esplorativa e riflessione clinica confrontando due gruppi omogenei a tempo limitato con giovani adulti: uno in presenza presso studio privato e l'altro all'interno del Centro Ateneo dei Servizi Clinici Universitari Psicologici dell'Università di Padova (SCUP) in modalità online. A partire dai dati raccolti con il Group Questionnaire (Krogel et al., 2013) vengono presentate alcune riflessioni sullo sviluppo del processo terapeutico in presenza e online confrontando il Positive Bonding e la Negative relationship. Il materiale clinico presentato cerca di esplorare le differenze e comprendere le dinamiche del gruppo nei due diversi set.
Trasformazione sensoriale della mente. Alcune implicazioni cliniche nella psicosi
Authors: Giustino Gabriella
Published: June 2023

In questo lavoro vorrei esaminare ? da un punto di vista psicoanalitico ? i funzionamenti patologici connotati da una sorta d'impregnazione sensoriale della mente che sembrano costi-tuire un elemento centrale e quasi ubiquitario nella psicosi. Vorrei illustrare, partendo dall'osservazione di questo specifico aspetto nell'esperienza cli-nica con pazienti psicotici, alcune ipotesi psicoanalitiche sulla genesi e la processualità dello stato psicotico, valutandone le implicazioni cliniche e psicopatologiche. La teoria del pensiero di Bion e la concettualizzazione sull'invasione della parte sana del paziente ad opera della parte psicotica ? intrisa di sensorialità patologica e che altera la perce-zione della realtà psichica ? è un punto di partenza importante in questo scritto (Bion, 1957). Le intuizioni di alcuni autori contemporanei che lavorano sulla psicosi e alcune ipotesi neuro-scientifiche sembrano convergere sull'importanza di questo elemento.
Sensorialità ed oggetti interni nella relazione madre-bambino in patologia neonatale
Authors: Benlodi Andrea
Published: June 2023

La struttura neuromentale dei genitori è fondamentale per assicurare un corretto neurosvi-luppo del neonato, particolarmente quando parliamo di nascita prematura, dove il contesto è altamente traumatico per tutta la famiglia. Attraverso l'esposizione di un caso clinico viene evi-denziato come lo sviluppo della sensorialità del neonato sia influenzato dagli oggetti interni con cui dialoga la madre nel suo accudimento.
Il compiersi dell'inatteso. Aspetti fantasmatici nella relazione genitori-neonato prematuro
Authors: De Vita Clelia
Published: June 2023

Il lavoro propone un'indagine sulla prematurità dal punto di vista fantasmatico e inconscio. La prematurità frustra il narcisismo della coppia genitoriale e richiede un ancoraggio ad un buon oggetto interiorizzato; essa può mettere in crisi il genitore, richiamando aspetti negativi delle figure genitoriali interiorizzate; la coppia genitoriale potrà proiettare sul figlio aspetti ne-gativi relativi alla coppia genitoriale o alla fratria soprattutto quando lo scenario della genitoria-lità, costruito dalla coppia, è di tipo narcisistico. La nascita prematura può anche essere letta come un "cambiamento catastrofico" che altera la relazione contenitore-contenuto. Tale cam-biamento può essere letto sia come l'esito di alcune difficoltà di contenimento da parte della coppia, ma anche come un fattore dirompente che può portare alla rottura della relazione tra i genitori. Il tema prematurità viene associato alla gemellarità dal momento che non è raro che la gravidanza gemellare si concluda con un parto prematuro. Attraverso la sintesi di un caso visto in consultazione, in cui gemellarità e prematurità si sono sovrapposte all'insegna dell'inatteso, vengono fatte delle ipotesi sui vissuti della coppia genitoriale a partire dal materiale acquisito durante la consultazione.
Lo spettro del suicidio nel cinema
Authors: Ciullini Chiara , Ceccarelli Elisangelica , Galassi Ferdinando
Published: June 2023

Il cinema rappresenta un mezzo attraverso il quale è possibile af- frontare temi complessi come il disagio psichico che può avere la sua massima espressione ed epilogo nel suicidio per la complessità dei fattori psicologici, biolo- gici e sociali che lo determinano. La pellicola cinematografica può diventare cosi un prezioso strumento comunicativo in grado di rappresentare ed esplorare l'atto suicidario nelle sue diverse sfaccettature.
Louis Brandeis - Founding Father of Modern-Day Antitrust?
Authors: Wörsdörfer Manuel
Published: June 2023

The recent ‘big tech and antitrust' discourse in the U.S. and abroad is primarily dominated by references to Louis D. Brandeis and the so-called New Brandeis move- ment, also known as ‘hipster antitrust.' While it is laudable that many researchers - and politicians - acknowledge and recognize the work of Brandeis, it is also a missed opportunity to refer to him en passant and not investigate his socio-political philos- ophy in more depth. This paper attempts to fill this gap in the academic literature and evaluate Brandeis' achievements and (theoretical) shortcomings from a history of economic and legal thought perspective. It does so by taking a closer look at the life and work of Brandeis and analyzing his socio-economic and legal philosophy. Furthermore, the paper addresses the question of which lessons can be drawn from his work and how it could inspire today's political discourse(s).
ЕКОЛОГІЧНА СКЛАДОВА ЯК НЕВІД’ЄМНА ЧАСТИНА ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ОСВІТИ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Гоменюк Дмитро
Published: June 2023

Обґрунтовано необхідність формування у здобувачів освіти закладів професійної (професійно-технічної) освіти екологічної компетентності під час освоєння робітничих професій.
Water consumption of three ornamental species with the suction irrigation system
Authors: Quevedo Nolasco Abel , Herrera Gomez Sergio Santiago , Zamora Morales Bertha Patricia , Rodríguez Cruz Enrique
Published: June 2023

Objective: To evaluate water consumption in ornamental plants (geranium, gazania and petunia) in two substrates with different particle sizes (fine and coarse) of tezontle and peat moss, through a suction irrigation system, which uses porous capsules as irrigation emitters.
Design/methodology/approach: The experimental design was in complete randomized blocks, with six treatments (three ornamental species and two substrates) with four repetitions (24 experimental units). The first mixture contains fine substrate (composed of tezontle with particle size less than 0.4 mm) and peat moss, in a 1:2 v/v ratio; the second mixture presents coarse substrate (composed of tezontle with particle size between 0.4-0.6 mm) and peat moss, 1:1 in v/v.
Results: In water consumption, there are significant differences by ornamental species and type of substrate, where the irrigation system has the ability to self-regulate. The highest water consumption was in petunia in the coarse substrate (which has a higher proportion of peat moss in its composition).
Limitations on study/implications: With use in protected agriculture, rural and urban orchards, gardens, walls and green roofs and research purposes.
Findings/Conclusions: The suction irrigation system through porous capsules has the capacity to continuously supply the water demanded by the plant-substrate-atmosphere system.
Towards a Framework of African-­Centred Child and Youth Care Praxis
Authors: Hasford Julian , Amponsah Peter , Edwards Travonne , Stephen Juanita
Published: June 2023

Child and youth care (CYC) is a field that has ostensibly grown from the collective wisdom of adults and young people from diverse cultures of the world. In actuality, however, much of our field’s wisdom— its ­ theories, values, literature, and leading voices— is ­ based largely upon European and North American traditions that prescribe a relatively narrow and White conceptualization of CYC as a field of practice. In spite of claims of diversity, multiculturalism, or cultural competency, the mainstream orthodoxy of our field continues to police the boundaries of “authentic” CYC theory and practice, which subtly and invisibly reinforce colonial, White, Euro-­ American ways of knowing, doing, and being, and idealize colour-­ blind liberal ideologies and depoliticized, professionalized relational practice. Disappointingly, efforts to disturb the White elephant in our classrooms, conferences, workplaces, and other shared spaces are often met with deflection, denial, despair, and anger— ­especially when the issues pertain to anti-­ Black racism.
Designing Energy Efficient and Carbon Friendly Buildings In a Cold Climate
Authors: Chernishov Kirill
Published: June 2023

Various sectors of the building industry fail to communicate and optimize energy use of buildings. Developing an overall strategy to reduce energy consumption and environmental impact of buildings in all stages is of vital importance. This is completed by applying various Energy Conservation Measures onto buildings and comparing the results. Utilizing 14 eQuest models and an extensive Excel spreadsheet, various combinations of building envelope parameters and HVAC systems are analyzed, in order to aim for TGS Tier 3 targets and ASHRAE 90.1-2013 targets. The results analyzed include energy consumption, space heating/cooling loads, upfront construction costs, life cycle costs and others. These results will create trendlines and a basis to address which building or HVAC system parameters show the best payback in terms of thermal performance, reducing emissions and overall cost. Employing a certain combination of building and HVAC system parameters created Model C-2 that meets TGS Tier 3 – surpassing ASHRAE-90.1-2013 EUI by 70.4%, TEDI by 88.0% and GHGI by 73.0% at only marginal cost differences. Further improvement methods and analysis are discussed beyond the results of the models.
Upgrading Existing Housing in Yellowknife to Achieve Energy Efficient Standards
Authors: Aujla Celena
Published: June 2023

Across Canada, building codes are becoming increasingly stringent for new construction. There are plans for all provinces and territories to build new buildings to net-zero energy by 2030. However, the existing building stock makes up most of the buildings in Canada and this study explores an existing house in one of Canada’s most extreme climates, in Yellowknife. Three targets are aimed to be achieved: The City of Yellowknife new build requirement, EnerPHit equivalent for an Arctic Climate and Net-Zero Energy. A single-family detached home, including typical construction for pre-1975, in Yellowknife was analyzed to determine if achieving a net-zero energy building using on-site renewable energy is possible. An envelope-first approach was taken to then improve the mechanical and electric loads. Ultimately, the City of Yellowknife target of 105 kWh/m2/year for TEDI was achieved but the EnerPHit and Net-Zero Energy Targets were not. For existing buildings exposed to extreme climates, it will require more than upgrades to the existing building infrastructure to achieve such targets. However, with the use of renewable energy technology, the building EUI and TEDI were reduced to 13.94 kWh/m2/year and 0 kWh/m2/year.
Development of GFRP-Reinforced Bridge Barrier Deck-Slab System for Sustainable Construction
Authors: Rostami Michael
Published: June 2023

For the past decade, Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) has been significantly utilized as an alternative to steel reinforcement, as the corrosion of black steel reinforcement subjected to severe environmental conditions leads to structural stability concerns. In Canada, as the bridge superstructures are exposed to such a harsh environment, developing a cost-effective and sustainable design with GFRP reinforced for bridge deck slabs and barrier walls are essential. This dissertation presents six phases of research conducted in the design of GFRP reinforced concrete bridge barrier. In phase I, an extensive study has been conducted on the GFRP bars as anchorage for the TL-5 barrier-deck slab connection. In this phase, seven configurations of GFRP-reinforced barrier detailing, using two different bar profiles, were studied. In phase II, a full-scale TL-5 bridge barrier with special profile GFRP hooked bar anchors as connecting bars to the deck slab was constructed and subjected to static transverse loading at both interior and exterior locations to determine its ultimate load-carrying capacity, failure mode and crack patterns. In phase III, an innovative GFRP bridge barrier design based on the adopted barrier configurations specified by the Ministry of Transportation of Quebec (MTQ) has been developed, four configurations of GFRP-reinforced barrier detailing, using headed-end GFRP bars, were constructed. The proposed barrier specimens were tested to determine their ultimate load carrying capacities and failure modes. In phases IV and V, the anchorage capacity of a newly developed GFRP hooked bar was investigated. Four configurations of full-size TL-5 and TL4 GFRP-reinforced barrier detailing, using reduced-size180 ̊ hooked GFRP bars, were constructed. The proposed barriers were tested to determine their ultimate load carrying capacities and failure modes. In phase VI, a thorough investigation of pullout strength and bond behaviour of post-installed GFRP bars subjected to wet and dry freeze and thaw cycles has been performed. A total of 180 concrete cubes were cast and tested under monotonic pull-out force till failure. In summary, this research led to a sustainable and accurate design method for three profiles of the GFRP reinforced barrier wall and the barrier-deck joint to be adopted by bridge engineers in the future design of bridge barriers in Canada.
Advancing the Methodology for Estimating the Effects of Safety Treatments
Authors: Anarkooli Alireza Jafari
Published: June 2023

The Highway Safety Manual uses safety performance functions (SPFs) and crash modification factors (CMFs) to quantify the safety effects of a roadway design and operational changes. A number of substantial methodological issues in SPF and CMF estimation exist that have not yet been completely addressed. Notably, although applicability of SPFs and CMFs may significantly vary by crash severity, only limited consideration is given to severity distribution. Moreover, when developing crash modification functions (CMFunctions), most of the current state-of-the-art studies only rely on the functional forms that may not address the non-linear effects of roadway attributes on safety. In addition, while many studies advocate using traffic conflicts as surrogate measures of safety to address some issues in CMF estimation, most of the current measures do not sufficiently take into account the severity of conflicts.

The thesis is based on an amalgamation of four research papers that separately delve into these topics in Chapters 3 to 6. Chapter 3 develops and compares alternative approaches for predicting number of crashes for each severity level. The applicability of a two-stage SDF (severity distribution function) modeling approach is the main focus of this chapter. Chapter 4 applies Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation to investigate the functional forms used to derive CMFunctions in cross- sectional regression models. This chapter mainly focuses on the methodology and uses freeway median width as a case study. Chapter 5 aims to demonstrate the versatility of the approach by applying that to passing lanes on two-lane roads. The results of these two applications highlight the importance of using the functional forms that can capture non-linear effects of road attributes for CMF estimation in cross- sectional models, while providing robust CMFs for practical applications.

Chapter 6 investigates a novel traffic technique using the data obtained from video observations at signalized intersections. The measures of post encroachment times and corresponding conflicting vehicle speeds are integrated to define a risk score which classifies conflicts into three severity levels. The results show strong relationships between the classified conflicts and both total and fatal/injury crashes and conform the promise of the approach for estimating CMFs where there are insufficient crash data for directly estimating them.
Advancements in Multi-Objective Eco-Routing Solutions Using Connectivity
Authors: Alfaseeh Lama
Published: June 2023

Due to the significant adverse impact of transportation systems on the environment, topics related to alleviating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are gaining more attention. As potential solutions to mitigate GHG emissions, several approaches have been proposed to better control traffic and manage transportation systems. The employment of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), which adopts the advancements in Information and Communication Technology (ICT), has been proposed as the most favourable approach to alleviate the undesirable impact of transportation systems on the environment. ITS can control several aspects of a network, such as speed, traffic signals, and route guidance. For the purpose of routing, this research aims to exploit the advancements in ICT by including connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) and sensing technology in an urban congested network.

Anticipatory multi-objective eco-routing in a distributed routing framework was proposed and compared to myopic routing with a large case study on a congested network. The End-to-End Connected Autonomous Vehicles (E2ECAV) dynamic distributed routing framework was examined, and encouraging results were found based on the traffic and environmental perspectives. The impact of different market penetration rates (MPRs) of CAVs was examined for various traffic conditions. E2ECAV was adopted for both the myopic and anticipatory routing strategies in this dissertation. The best GHG costing approach was defined and was among the elements tackled in this research. For a robust anticipatory routing application, predictive models were developed based on Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM), a deep learning approach, while considering a high level of spatial (link level) and temporal (one minute) resolution. With regards to the LSTM predictive models, the impact was illustrated of using a deeper LSTM network and systematically tuning its hyper-parameters. The anticipatory routing strategy significantly outperformed the myopic routing strategy based on the [..] traffic and environmental perspectives. This research shows that ITS can help significantly reduce GHG emissions produced by transportation systems. The developed predictive models can be used while real-time data are collected from sensors within an urban network. Furthermore, the proposed anticipatory routing framework can be applied in a real-time situation.
Urban Beaver Activity Management and Qualitative Risk Assessment Using GIS
Authors: Hock Devin
Published: June 2023

Extreme weather events are expected to increase the burden on urban stormwater infrastructure as the climate continues to change. Beavers (castor canadensis) are well known for their engineering prowess and ability to rapidly naturalize degraded urban streams. This has a multitude of benefits including stormwater retention, groundwater recharge, ecological restoration, and erosion reductions; however, beavers and stormwater managers frequently clash through the clogging of stormwater outlets and the destruction of beaver dams. Beavers are routinely trapped, and their dams destroyed, only to have new beavers re-colonize the area in an endless, costly cycle. This project demonstrates a GIS-based method to predict where beaver activity may be an issue in a stormwater network using land cover to identify ideal beaver habitat at chokepoints in a stormwater network. Areas where roads cross streams in the Fletcher’s Creek watershed in Brampton, Ontario were ranked based on the amount of land cover nearby that could increase the likelihood of beaver habitation and associated blocking of sensitive stormwater infrastructure such as culverts at stream-street crossings. This ranking could theoretically allow stormwater managers to prioritize monitoring. If this method is tested and verified in the field it could prove useful for stormwater infrastructure planners by allowing them to invest in cost-effective beaver deterrents at key locations before a human-beaver conflict arises, potentially reducing costs for maintenance activities and allowing beavers to continue provide their natural stormwater management services.
A Review of Research and Approaches to Measuring Mountain Green Cover, in Alignment with Sustainable Development Goal Indicator 15.4.2
Authors: Seilman Sharon
Published: June 2023

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals have three mountain related targets. Of these, target 15.4 is exclusively focused on conserving the mountain ecosystem and measures to evaluate and protect global mountain regions. The Mountain Partnership Secretariat at the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations is noted to be the custodian agency of target 15.4 (FAO, 2015). As part of this process, the FAO has developed an indicator, the Mountain Green Cover Index, to monitor progress towards the achievement of this target. The Mountain Green Cover Index is intended to be a quantification mechanism to evaluate variations of green vegetation in mountain areas globally, at varied scales. The index builds on the recognition of a positive correlation between green coverage of mountain areas, their state of health and capacity to fulfil their ecosystem roles (FAO, 2015). Researchers and academics globally have now started evaluating the process of generating a Mountain Green Cover Index. This encompasses a variation of methodologies, technologies and resources, at different geographic scales. These variations exist due to the lack of a uniform methodology that can be applied at all geographic scales. Thus, current methods are faced with several limitations in measuring the Mountain Green Cover Index.

This review evaluates the various methods, tools and resources associated with generating a Mountain Green Cover Index, at different geographic scales, by following the systematic literature review approach. As part of this process, various definitions of mountain regions were evaluated, along with the understanding of what regional factors are associated with evaluating such classification areas. Articles from six different databases over the past five years were studied, with fifteen articles being chosen for the systematic review. The eligibility criteria were specific to studies that conducted analysis on measuring regional vegetation and mountain changes, as well as those that evaluated specific components in relation to indicator 15.4.2. These studies included research from different geographic scales (both regional and global) and with data from different time scales.

The results showed that while there have been many technological advancements in the area of evaluating land cover change, there are still several limitations associated with understanding mountain green cover at various geographic measures. Technology, however, was also noted to be one of the key components to facilitate the generation of a Mountain Green Cover Index in the studies reviewed. Many studies concluded that implementing a monitoring system for vegetation and mountain changes will require an agile and integrated global innovation system, which allows regions to be connected globally, and facilitate an interactive model for research and knowledge sharing.
Development of a Sulfide-Bearing Aggregate Oxidation Test in Concrete
Authors: Fada Marzia
Published: June 2023

The development of a sulfide bearing oxidation test in concrete was investigated. Condition conducive to oxidation of sulfides minerals in mortar bars were adopted in concrete testing and failed to produce sulfate attack and expansion in concrete samples. Reason behind failure in provoking sulfate attack and expansion in concrete samples were proposed together with possible parameters to be considered for further concrete testing. Preliminary new exposure condition for concrete samples are also proposed, pending in depth investigation of mass loss/gain during soaking and storage time. Investigation of relative humidity and temperature changes in mortar bar testing exposure condition were also investigated to obtain the best possible combination of parameters to be applied in further concrete testing investigations.
Developing a Wide-Angle Velocity Probe for Characterizing Tornado Wind Field
Authors: Elgamal Sameh
Published: June 2023

This study focuses on designing and calibrating a proof-of-concept low-cost velocity probe capable of characterizing complex turbulent flow fields, such as tornadic vortices, acting at a wide range of angles of attack. In the first part of the study, a spherical probe was 3D printed and instrumented in-house. The probe was designed with 16 holes allowing for 140° range of measurement. Experimental tests were conducted in Ryerson University Wind Tunnel. A mathematical model was developed to account for different angles of attack, including flow impingement between the holes. The probe could predict mean velocities, flow direction and turbulence intensities with average errors of 8%, 9° and 0.6% respectively. In the second part, a revision to the probe design was applied by considering a chamfered version with 16 polyhedral faces. The revised probe was investigated using Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD) employing Large Eddy Simulation (LES) modeling. The revised probe showed an overall 50% increase in the accuracy compared with the spherical shape, which brought probe accuracy to the acceptable levels suitable for wind engineering applications.
Potential Use of LiDAR Data for Crack Detection: A Case Study on Pavement Cracks
Authors: Alhomodi Ebraheem
Published: June 2023

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is a technology that provides three-dimensional point cloud data with high spatial accuracy. It is increasingly used in various applications and disciplines, including engineering. Along with other capabilities, LiDAR systems are able to record reflected backscattered energy as intensity data and measured distances to targets as range data. As the laser signal wavelength that operates in LiDAR sensors is typically in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum, high spectral reflectance separability can be observed and a number of different materials distinguished. These capabilities have motivated researchers to study the applicability of using LiDAR range and intensity data for pavement crack extraction.

The main goal of the present research is to examine the potential use of LiDAR range and intensity data for automated pavement crack detection. The study explores the following: a) crack detection using the two image classification logics of pixel-based and object-based image classification; b) crack detection using the Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC), the Random Trees Classifier (RTC), and the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier; c) crack detection by conducting image classification of four scenarios of multi-layer images generated from LiDAR data; and d) crack detection using LiDAR data with different point spacing.

The experimental results indicate that the use of LiDAR data independently is effective for pavement crack detection. In addition, the results show that object-based image classification logic optimizes classification accuracy and crack detection results, and that employing SVM enhances the classification process and improves crack detection accuracy. It is also observed that using range data separately produces high accuracy for the crack detection results while the accuracy is slightly reduced when intensity data are combined with range data compared with using range data only. Furthermore, in the classification process, adding slope and aspect layers to range and intensity data decreases the accuracy of crack detection results, while increasing LiDAR data point spacing reduces crack extraction accuracy.
Structural Performance of Shear Deficient Beams with High Performance Reinforced Concrete Jacket
Authors: Rana Rehman
Published: June 2023

This research investigates the performance of shear deficient concrete beams strengthened with reinforced jackets made of three different high performance concretes (HPCs) namely engineered cementitious composite (ECC), ultrahigh performance concrete (UHPC) and normal self-consolidating concrete (SCC) subjected to static monotonic and fatigue loading[.] The influence of HPC jackets is described based on strength, stiffness, energy absorbing capacity, steel/concrete strain developments and failure modes. Shear deficient beams with UHPC jacket showed highest strength, energy absorption capacity and ductility followed by those with ECC and SCC jackets. Shear deficient beams with UHPC jacket exhibited flexural failure. ECC jacketed beams subjected to fatigue loading exhibited lower stiffness, energy absorption capacity and strength degradation compared to their UHPC counterparts. This research confirms the viability of using ECC and UHPC as repair materials for the structural components.
Analysis of land use/land cover change and urbanization to achieving sustainable development in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Onilude Olalekan
Published: June 2023

The perception of land use change dynamics is important for sustainable land resource management in developing countries such as Nigeria where most of the people depend on natural resources from the land for their livelihoods. Globally, land use and land cover (LULC) change is a major factor of environmental and climate change; rapid urban growth has caused some environmental problems such as loss of agricultural land, land degradation, water shortage, and pollution. This dissertation examines LULC change and urbanization, and the implications on sustainable development (SD) in Lagos Nigeria using spatial analysis. The dissertation contains three inter-related studies as follows: first research examines the urban sprawl and growth prediction for Lagos using GlobeLand30 product combined with GIS and Cellular Automata model. The next study ascertains land use change and impacts on urban and rural areas utilizing landscape metrics (LMs) and FRAGSTATS algorithm for statistical analysis. The final study reviews the agricultural land use and urban sustainability. This study demonstrated the efficiency of GlobeLand30 data and GIS integration with CA_Markov for LULC change analysis and prediction of future LULC scenarios. This research has shown that LMs are universal, potent, and useful to understand the spatial pattern of LULC change in urban-rural context. In conclusion, the outcomes of this study will help the urban planners, policymakers, and the governments in Nigeria to make crucial informed decisions about sustainable urban growth and improved land use management.
Ontario’s Water Policy Reform Examined through a Groundwater Lens: An Analysis of Provincial Policy Measures and Newspaper Media Framing Around Groundwater 2000- 2019
Authors: John Caroline
Published: June 2023

Groundwater is often neglected in water resources governance and management initiatives which is due in part to groundwater’s rural and out of sight nature. In Ontario, 20 years ago, the Walkerton tragedy served as a wake-up call to address the lack of knowledge and long-term health of water resources in the province. This focusing event caused a punctuated equilibrium in the policy arena of Ontario allowing for significant water policy reform in the province. This paper argues that despite Ontario leading in many aspects of water governance, groundwater still faces governance and public awareness challenges in the province. In this two-phase study, a longitudinal content analysis of provincial legislative initiatives and newspaper media framing on groundwater are undertaken through the period of May 2000 to June 2019. Results show that Ontario’s groundwater initiatives have focused on the criteria of land-use control on potentially polluting activities, groundwater based urban/industrial planning, and public participation in groundwater management. Newspaper media across the province employ predominantly neutral framing of issues around groundwater and a varying mix of both thematic and episodic framing elements are found. Provincial leadership towards groundwater initiatives and a wide-ranging strategy around groundwater policy and communications to elevate consciousness around the resource are recommended.