bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phosphonium–stibonium and bis-stibonium cations as pnictogen-bonding catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation of quinolines
Authors: Yang Mengxi , Hirai Masato , Gabbaï François P.
Published: April 2019

Bifunctional group 15 dications are effective transfer hydrogenation catalysts, the activity of which culminates in the case of the bis-stibonium dication [o-C6H4(SbMePh2)2]2+.
The dealloying–lithiation/delithiation–realloying mechanism of a breithauptite (NiSb) nanocrystal embedded nanofabric anode for flexible Li-ion batteries
Authors: Chen Renpeng , Xue Xiaolan , Lu Jingyu , Chen Tao , Hu Yi , Ma Lianbo , Zhu Guoyin , Jin Zhong
Published: April 2019

Flexible and free-standing NiSb@NCNF electrodes are prepared and they exhibit remarkable electrochemical performances for lithium ion batteries.
Plasmon-induced hot-carrier generation differences in gold and silver nanoclusters
Authors: Douglas-Gallardo Oscar A. , Berdakin Matías , Frauenheim Thomas , Sánchez Cristián G.
Published: April 2019

In the last thirty years, the study of plasmonic properties of noble metal nanostructures has become a very dynamic research area.
Facile synthesis of biarylmethanes and tetrasubstituted arenes via a base-mediated [3 + 3] benzannulation reaction of Morita–Baylis–Hillman adducts and unsaturated sulfones
Authors: Yadav Deepak , Sharma Sunil K. , Menon Rajeev S.
Published: April 2019

A regioselective DBU-mediated [3 + 3] benzannulation reaction of 1,3-bis-sulfonyl propenes and Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) bromides to afford bis-sulfonyl biarylmethanes/arenes is described.
Oxidative oxy-cyclization of 2-alkynylbenzamide enabled by TBAB/Oxone: switchable synthesis of isocoumarin-1-imines and isobenzofuran-1-imine
Authors: Wang Yan-Hua , Ouyang Banlai , Qiu Guanyinsheng , Zhou Hongwei , Liu Jin-Biao
Published: April 2019

A TBAB-controlled switchable synthesis of isocoumarin-1-imine and isobenzofuran-1-imine from 2-alkynylbenzamide in water is described in this paper.
Transition metal-free functionalized hydration of alkynes: one-pot synthesis of fluorinated β-keto-imidates using Selectfluor
Authors: Ghosh Arnab , Hegde Rajeev , Makane Vitthal B. , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Rode Haridas B. , Patil Siddappa A. , Dateer Ramesh B.
Published: April 2019

The transition metal-free, four-component one-pot synthesis of polyfunctionalized fluorinated β-keto-imidates via the functionalized hydration of alkynes has been described.
A multi-component reaction for the synthesis of pyrido [1,2-b] isoquinoline derivatives via the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between alkynes and in situ generated isoquinolinium ylides
Authors: Shinde Sundar S. , Laha Soumi , Tiwari Dharmendra K. , Sridhar B. , Likhar Pravin R.
Published: April 2019

Metal-free unprecedented [3 + 2] cycloaddition of alkynes and isoquinolinium ylide generated in situ from proline and ninhydrin to pyrido [1,2-b] isoquinoline derivatives.
An unprecedented intramolecular to intermolecular mechanistic switch in 1,1-diaminoazines leading to differential product formation during the I2-induced tandem oxidative transformation
Authors: Kathuria Deepika , Gupta Pankaj , Chourasiya Sumit S. , Sahoo Subash C. , Beifuss Uwe , Chakraborti Asit K. , Bharatam Prasad V.
Published: April 2019

Intermolecular cyclization of 1,1-diaminoazine.
Hydrogel scaffold with substrate elasticity mimicking physiological-niche promotes proliferation of functional keratinocytes
Authors: Mogha Pankaj , Srivastava Ankita , Kumar Sushant , Das Sreya , Kureel Sanjay , Dwivedi Alka , Karulkar Atharva , Jain Nikita , Sawant Abhijeet , Nayak Chitra , Majumder Abhijit , Purwar Rahul
Published: April 2019

High numbers of autologous human primary keratinocytes (HPKs) are required for patients with burns, wounds and for gene therapy of skin disorders.
Synthesis of 5-aminolevulinic acid with nontoxic regents and renewable methyl levulinate
Authors: Zai Yuxia , Feng Yunchao , Zeng Xianhai , Tang Xing , Sun Yong , Lin Lu
Published: April 2019

Synthesis of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) was presented with novel bromination of biobased methyl levulinate (ML), followed by ammoniation and hydrolysis.
Unprecedented plasmon-induced nitroxide-mediated polymerization (PI-NMP): a method for preparation of functional surfaces
Authors: Guselnikova Olga , Marque Sylvain R. A. , Tretyakov Evgeny V. , Mares David , Jerabek Vitezslav , Audran Gérard , Joly Jean-Patrick , Trusova Marina , Svorcik Vaclav , Lyutakov Oleksiy , Postnikov Pavel
Published: April 2019

The first method of plasmon-induced nitroxide-mediated polymerization on periodical gold gratings has been developed.
Vacancy diffusion barriers in TaON and Ta3N5 water-splitting photocatalysts
Authors: Bown Joshua J. , Page Alister J.
Published: April 2019

First principles calculations reveal charge-dependent vacancy diffusion mechanisms in mixed anion photocatalytic materials.
Nanoscaled luminescent terbium metal–organic frameworks for measuring and scavenging reactive oxygen species in living cells
Authors: Li Huaping , Cao Xuanyu , Fei Xinyu , Zhang Shiming , Xian Yuezhong
Published: April 2019

A nanosized Tb-MOF with a boronic acid ligand can be used for the highly sensitive detection and scavenging of ROS in living cells.
Aero-gel based CeO2 nanoparticles: synthesis, structural properties and detailed humidity sensing response
Authors: Poonia Ekta , Mishra Prashant Kumar , Kiran Vijay , Sangwan Jasbir , Kumar Rakesh , Rai Pramod Kumar , Malik Ritu , Tomer Vijay K. , Ahuja Rajeev , Mishra Yogendra Kumar
Published: April 2019

Mechanism of %RH sensing using aero-gel based CeO2 nanoparticles.
New routes to organometallic molecular junctionsviaa simple thermal processing protocol
Authors: Ezquerra Ruben , Eaves Samantha G. , Bock Sören , Skelton Brian W. , Pérez-Murano Francesc , Cea Pilar , Martín Santiago , Low Paul J.
Published: April 2019

Gold nanoparticle capped organometallic molecular junctions are prepared from a single source precursor by simple self-assembly and mild thermolysis.
Yield and grape quality of three red grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) in relation to altimetry
Authors: Mercenaro Luca , Fernandes de Oliveira Ana , Cocco Massimiliano , Nieddu Giovanni
Published: April 2019

Environment has a great impact on berry composition. In this context we investigated the quality of extremely widespread grape varieties in Sardinia, cvs. Cannonau, Bovale sardo and Monica, cultivated at different altitudes. The work was conducted in a two-year period in two vineyards located respectively at 500 and 700 meters above sea level. Viticultural model and cultivation practices were the same for both vineyards. The following measurements were noted: (i) main phenological phases, (ii) yield and its components, (iii) must quality from veraison to harvest, and (iv) anthocyanin qualitative profiles at harvest. At higher altitude the phenological phases are delayed. Yield was not statistically influenced by altitude. The ripening of the main technological parameters, although similar among the vineyards, suggests that the effects of the different altitude are clear, but they vary according to year and are cultivar dependent. In cv. Cannonau, higher altitude promoted higher total soluble solids. The extractable anthocyanins were not influenced by altitude, although in all tested varieties the higher altitude favored a decrease in the ratio between non-acylated and acylated anthocyanins.
Preliminary high-throughput phenotyping analysis in grapevines under drought
Authors: Briglia Nunzio , Nuzzo Vitale , Petrozza Angelo , Summerer Stephan , Cellini Francesco , Montanaro Giuseppe
Published: April 2019

This study reports correlative information between leaf water potential (ψ), total leaf area of draughted grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) and non-destructive image analysis techniques. Four groups of 20 potted vines each were subjected to various irrigation treatments restoring 100% (control), 75%, 50% and 25% of daily water consumption within a 22-day period of drought imposition. Leaf gas exchanges (Li-Cor 6400), ψ (Scholander chamber), fluorescence (PAM − 2500), RGB and NIR (Scanalyzer 3D system, LemnaTec GmbH phenotyping platform) data were collected before and at the end of drought imposition. Values of ψ in severely stressed vines (25%) reached −1.2 MPa pre-dawn, in turn stomatal conductance and photosynthesis reached values as low as approx. 0.02 mol H2O m−2 s−1 and 1.0 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1, respectively. The high-throughput analysis preliminarily revealed a correlation between ψ (stem) and NIR Color Class (R2=0.80), and that plant leaf area might be accurately estimated through imagine analysis (R2=0.90).
Biochemical and molecular effects of yeast extract applications on anthocyanin accumulation in cv. Sangiovese.
Authors: Pastore Chiara , Allegro Gianluca , Valentini Gabriele , Colucci Emilia , Battista Fabrizio , Filippetti Ilaria
Published: April 2019

The effect of biotic and abiotic elicitors on the secondary metabolism in grapevine is gaining a lot of interest, as it has been shown that they can increase the accumulation of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins in particular. The aim of this research was to verify the biochemical and molecular effects of the application of LalVigne™ MATURE (Lallemand, St. Simon, France), 100% inactivated natural yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on the anthocyanin accumulation in potted plants of Sangiovese. In both years, LVM plants did not differ from C in technological ripening at harvest. A significant increase in anthocyanin concentration and the expression of genes involved in their biosynthesis was found in 2016 in LVM grapes compared to C, while in 2017, a year with extremely warm temperatures, the anthocyanins of C and LVM were comparable, despite a slight increase in LVM after the second treatment.
Climate change and vine training systems: the influence different spatial distribution of shoots may have on sugar accumulation in Sangiovese grapevines.
Authors: Valentini Gabriele , Allegro Gianluca , Pastore Chiara , Colucci Emilia , Magnanini Eugenio , Filippetti Ilaria
Published: April 2019

The choice of training system may influence vineyard efficiency in terms of light interception and water consumption, particularly in the current context of climate change. On this basis, during the 2017 season, Sangiovese potted vines were grown outdoors using two different training systems: guyot vertical shoot positioned system (C) and V-shaped open canopy (A). From the end of June until September, vine transpiration was continuously monitored by the gravimetric approach and at different times in the season, the leaf area, light interception, photosynthetic activity and stem water potential were measured. Grape yield and fruit composition were recorded at harvest. C plants did not differ from A in terms of leaf area during the entire season. Light interception was higher in C vines during the early hours of the morning and lower in the central part of the day and the transpiration loss was higher, as was the net photosynthesis detected on some days in August. No differences were detected in terms of yield but a significant increase in soluble solids was found in C compared to A. The open canopy compared to a closed one, in a particularly hot year like 2017, resulted in negative consequences on the accumulation of soluble solids, probably as a result of the radiative stress suffered by the A vines in the middle hours of the day.
Green manure effects on inorganic nitrogen dynamics in soil and its accumulation in grape must
Authors: Zanzotti Roberto , Mescalchin Enzo
Published: April 2019

The adoption of green manure practices in organic agriculture is increasingly spreading. This work aims to prove whether winter green manure—when compared to a traditional mineral fertilizer— alters the dynamics of inorganic nitrogen (NO3−and NH4+) availability in soil and the yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) in grape musts. During a two-year period, the soil nitrogen content was influenced by climatic trend and, especially, by rainfall. In fact, rainy periods reduced inorganic nitrogen availability in the soil. In both years, the green manure plot presented higher soil content of inorganic nitrogen at fruit-set, while different dynamics were shown over the following phenological phases. The must YAN concentration did not differ among treatments over the two-year experiment.
Effect of treatment with products based onTrichodermaspp. on the development capacity of Sangiovese vines under replanting conditions.
Authors: D’Arcangelo Mauro E. M. , Perria Rita , Zombardo Alessandra , Puccioni Sergio , Valentini Paolo , Storchi Paolo
Published: April 2019

The research work carried out aimed at verifying the efficacy ofTrichoderma-based products on the fertility maintenance in vineyard soils, in case of replanting. The presence of a hypofertile horizon, in fact, can cause problems in the engrafting of rooted cuttings and a slowing down in their vegetative development. The trial was carried out at the experimental farm of CREA − Research Center for Viticulture and Enology of Arezzo, during the setting up of a new Sangiovese vineyard. Rooted grafts treated with three different formulations containing someTrichoderma spp.strains were planted, considering an untreated negative control. In addition, treatments with the same formulations were repeated in the 2014-2016 three-year period, by spraying the soil, with an injector pole. Every year the shoot length and the pruning wood weight were evaluated, as well as the presence/absence ofTrichodermaspp. on the root systems. Moreover, in 2016 the photosynthetic efficiency of the vines was verified. The presence ofTrichodermaspp. within the rhizosphere of the vines treated was stable over time; the differences found between treated and untreated thesis were considerable, while only minor differences emerged among the plants subjected to the three different treatments. According to the results obtained, the application ofTrichoderma-based products can be considered a valid practice to be used during vineyard implantation in case of difficult edaphic conditions.
Study of the phenolic composition of Vernaccia di San Gimignano vine
Authors: Giannetti Franco , Epifani Anna Maria , Leprini Marco , Martini Giordano
Published: April 2019

Vernaccia di San Gimignano is a Tuscan white wine, with a great historical tradition, produced mostly from the homonymous grapevine. One of the peculiarities of the vine, apart from producing fruity and sapid young wines, is the ability to generate structured wines, suitable for the aging process of “riserva” type. For a better understanding of the Vernaccia di San Gimignano characteristics, a research protocol has been set up. It specifically concerns the phenolic composition of the grapes observed by HPLC analysis. The hydroxycinnamic acids, the flavanols and the flavonols of the skins, the flavanols of the seeds and the hydroxycinnamic acids of the juice have been determined. The trans-caftaric acid is the predominant form in the juice (70-120 mg/L) and in the skins (5-12 mg/Kg) where there are higher values of quercetin (4-20 mg/Kg) and procyanidins (18-35 mg/Kg). Catechins (30-80 mg/Kg) prevail in the seeds.
Relationship among soil management, organic matter content and root development along the explorable soil profile in the vineyard
Authors: Vercesi Alberto , Gatti Matteo , Meisina Claudia , Bordoni Massimiliano , Maerker Michael , Ganimede Cristina , Reguzzi Maria Cristina , Mazzoni Emanuele , Poni Stefano
Published: April 2019

In the most ancient wine area of the Controlled Denomination of Origin (DOC) “Oltrepò Pavese” in North-West Italy, foothills of the Apennine mountains, the soils of 14 representative vineyards managed for about 10 years with tillage (T) or natural grass-cover (G) or the alternation of the two methods between the rows (GT), were compared for their contents of organic matter, main soil parameters and extent of root development, in the first meter of depth. The soils are fine textured, sometimes calcareous, with low levels of organic matter. G and GT soil treatments showed higher organic matter content (on average 1.4%) than T (0.88%). Better root development (number and area) was observed in G and GT, in comparison with T; the number and size of roots showed a positive correlation with the soil organic matter.
Motion of rain drops on a car side window
Authors: André Julie , Brochet Clément , Louis Quentin , Barral Amaury , Guillen Anthony , Goh Fang-Ting , Prieto Angel , Guillet Thibault
Published: April 2019

The present paper studies the initial motion of rain drops on a car side window. An explanation to the common observation of drops going up the window when a car reaches a given speed is provided, which takes into account the dimensions of the drops and the wind speed. We also discuss the importance of the actual window geometry, the state of the surface, and the drop size distribution. This work may thus be used as a basis for complete study of a population of drops against a car window.
Une nouvelle loi pour la fin de vie ?
Authors: Maglio Milena
Published: April 2019

Depuis le 31 janvier 2018, l’Italie fait partie des États qui disposent d’une loi permettant à tout individu majeur d’exprimer ses volontés en matière de traitement, en prévision des jours où il pourrait être hors d’état de le faire. Parallèlement, en France, deux ans après son entrée en vigueur, la loi Claeys-Leonetti est de plus en plus questionnée. Certains demandent une nouvelle loi sur la fin de vie. Un détour par l’Italie, centré sur le contexte d’émergence de sa récente loi, peut se révéler éclairant. Si les similitudes entre les deux textes sont nombreuses, les différences entre les pratiques et les cadres de pensée peuvent suggérer des pistes de réflexion afin de contribuer à améliorer les conditions de la fin de vie.
Approches nouvelles pour l’étude des interactions protéine-protéine
Authors: Béganton Benoît , Coyaud Etienne , Mangé Alain , Solassol Jérôme
Published: April 2019

Le protéome est un système dynamique où les interactions protéine-protéine occupent une place essentielle pour modeler ensemble le phénotype cellulaire. L’identification de ces interactions a toutefois longtemps représenté un obstacle important en protéomique tant les techniques disponibles ne permettaient pas de rendre compte de ces dynamiques d’interactions. Le développement récent du BioID et de l’APEX, deux technologies de marquage de proximité, ouvre aujourd’hui de nouvelles perspectives. Dans cette revue, nous décrivons les outils disponibles pour étudier les interactions protéine-protéine et discutons des progrès récents apportés par les marquages de proximité pour compléter notre vision du protéome et ainsi mieux comprendre les mécanismes cellulaires.
Conséquences pathologiques d’un excès d’interféronin vivo
Authors: Lebon Pierre , Crow Yanick J , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Gresser Ion
Published: April 2019

Dans cette brève revue, nous montrons les liens entre les différentes recherches qui ont conduit à la mise en évidence d’un rôle délétère d’un excès d’interféron de type 1, depuis la découverte de son activité antivirale en 1957 par A. Isaacs et J. Lindemann jusqu’au concept d’interféronopathie introduit par Y. Crow en 2011.
Experimental and ab initio study of the influence of a compound modifier on carbidic ductile iron
Authors: Penghui Yang , Fu Hanguang , Jian Lin , Haiqiang Cheng , Yongping Lei
Published: April 2019

To improve the morphology of carbides in carbidic ductile iron, a compound modifier consisting of 0.1% Nb + 0.1% Ti + 0.1 wt.% Y was added to the base ductile iron with chemical composition of 3.72% C, 2.77% Si, 0.51% Mn, 0.99% Cr and balance Fe (wt.%). The effect of this compound modifier on the microstructures of carbidic ductile iron was studied. Also, first-principles calculations were carried out to better understand the modification mechanisms. The results showed that the maximum diameter of spheroidal graphite nodules decreased from 58 to 34 µm after the addition of compound modifier, and continuous carbide networks changed into a broken network. The roundness of graphite nodules decreased slightly, and the percent nodularity of the graphite nodules and the number of carbides decreased by 3 and 1.8%, respectively. Compounds with higher melting point are formed thanks to the compound modifier which acts as heterogeneous core, and the remaining Ti and Nb elements can be selectively attracted by (010) surface of Fe8Cr4C4. Furthermore, Cr elements can be easily replaced by Ti and Nb in the carbides to form more stable Fe8Cr3TiC4 and Fe8Cr3NbC4, which can prevent the continuing growth of carbide on the Fe8Cr4C4 (010) crystal surface and break the continuous network M3C. Y atoms cannot be directly adsorbed onto Fe8Cr4C4 (010) surfaces. They combine first with oxygen in the ductile iron to form Y2O3. The work of adhesion of the interface between a Y2O3 (100) and a Fe8Cr4C3 (010) is predicted to be 0.3 J/m2. The addition of Y element is found to have a positive effect on breaking up the continuity of the carbide network.
Générer des impulsions laser ultra-brèves de très haute intensité : la technique du CPA
Authors: Druon Frédéric , Sentis Marc , Salin François , Le Blanc Catherine , Salières Pascal , Quéré Fabien , Zeitoun Philippe
Published: April 2019

Il y a un avant et un après l’article publié en 1985 par Donna Strickland et Gérard Mourou [1] faisant la démonstration de l’amplification par dérive de fréquence (CPA pour Chirped pulse amplification).

Le présent dossier de Reflets de la physique a pour but de donner une vue d’ensemble de cette technologie et de ses différentes implications. Le principe de l’amplification par dérive de fréquence est d’abord présenté, avec son développement dans le monde des lasers. Ensuite, sont décrites les applications industrielles relatives au micro-usinage et à l’ophtalmologie, qui concernent les intensités moyennes (1013 - 1014 W cm-2). Les applications à la recherche couvrent les intensités plus fortes (1014 - 1018 W cm-2), qui permettent la génération d’impulsions ultra-courtes et de sources nouvelles de photons et de particules, jusqu’à la ultra-haute intensité (1018 - 1022 W cm-2 et au-delà...) et les lasers multipétawatts.
Collisions moléculaires en phase gazeuse
Authors: Guillon Grégoire , Honvault Pascal , Lepers Maxence , Lique François , Stoecklin Thierry
Published: April 2019

L’étude théorique des collisions entre atomes et molécules permet, grâce à la résolution d’état à état des simulations numériques basées sur la physique quantique, une description détaillée des mécanismes mis en jeu et contribue grandement à améliorer les modèles atmosphériques et astrophysiques.

Dans cet article, après avoir présenté les méthodes de dynamique actuelles, nous donnons des exemples clés d’intérêt pour le milieu interstellaire, l’atmosphère terrestre et les milieux (ultra)froids, et présentons les défis majeurs à relever.
Publications : le Plan S – kézako ?
Authors: van Tiggelen Bart , Knoop Martina , Henri Agnès , Jérome Denis , Daillant Jean
Published: April 2019

Le 4 septembre 2018, une coalition de onze grandes agences nationales de moyens scientifiques à travers l’Europe, membres de l’association Science Europe, dont l’Agence nationale de la recherche en France, a publié un plan ambitieux pour la science ouverte, soutenu dès sa publication par l’Union européenne et par l’European Research Council. Le « Plan S », qui se décline en dix points, exige dès le 1er janvier 2020 la publication en accès libre de l’ensemble des manuscrits scientifiques produits avec l’argent du contribuable [1]. Cela revient à rendre nos publications accessibles gratuitement, facilement et immédiatement à tous, scientifiques, entrepreneurs et industriels, en France et ailleurs, et préconise l’abandon à court terme du modèle de souscription des publications scientifiques, vieux d’un siècle.
A self-adaptive biogeography-based algorithm to solve the set covering problem
Authors: Crawford Broderick , Soto Ricardo , Olivares Rodrigo , Riquelme Luis , Astorga Gino , Johnson Franklin , Cortés Enrique , Castro Carlos , Paredes Fernando
Published: April 2019

Using the approximate algorithms, we are faced with the problem of determining the appropriate values of their input parameters, which is always a complex task and is considered an optimization problem. In this context, incorporating online control parameters is a very interesting issue. The aim is to vary the parameters during the run so that the studied algorithm can provide the best convergence rate and, thus, achieve the best performance. In this paper, we compare the performance of a self-adaptive approach for the biogeography-based optimization algorithm using the mutation rate parameter with respect to its original version and other heuristics. This work proposes altering some parameters of the metaheuristic according to its exhibited efficiency. To test this approach, we solve the set covering problem, which is a classical optimization benchmark with many industrial applications such as line balancing production, crew scheduling, service installation, databases, among several others. We illustrate encouraging experimental results, where the proposed approach is capable of reaching various global optimums for a well-known instance set taken from the Beasleys OR-Library, and sometimes, it improves the results obtained by the original version of the algorithm.
Predictive Ability of a Laboratory Performance Test in Mountain Bike Cross-country Olympic Athletes
Authors: Schneeweiss Patrick , Schellhorn Philipp , Haigis Daniel , Niess Andreas , Martus Peter , Krauss Inga
Published: April 2019

Mountain bike Cross-Country Olympic (XCO) has an intermittent performance profile, underlining the importance of anaerobic metabolism. Traditional performance tests in cycling primarily quantify aerobic metabolism and inadequately meet the demands in XCO. The aim was therefore to validate a specific test that quantifies these requirements by means of an XCO race.

Twenty-three competitive XCO athletes (17.9±3.6 years) performed a previously developed performance test and an XCO race within one week. Correlations between individual anaerobic threshold (IAT), 4 mmol lactate threshold (LT4), maximal aerobic power (MAP), maximal effort time trials (TT) for 10–300 s and mean power output of the race (POR) were calculated. In addition, a multiple regression model of the predictive value of the test was calculated.

Variables correlated significantly (p<.01) with POR: IAT (r=.81), LT4 (r=0.79), MAP (r=0.91), TT10 (r=0.75), TT30 (r=0.85), TT60 (r=0.84) and TT300 (r=0.86). In the regression model, sex and body mass were set influencing variables (R²adj.=0.70), whereby MAP had the highest correlation with POR and significantly improved the predictive value of the model (R²adj.=0.86).

The high correlation of collected performance variables with POR indicated the MTB-PT’s additional benefit for performance testing in XCO because it is specific but very feasible.
Perspektive nach der COMPASS-Studie für KHK- und AVK-Patienten
Authors: Alsaid Samer , Bode Christoph , Duerschmied Daniel
Published: April 2019

Das primäre Ziel in der Behandlung von Patienten mit arteriosklerotischen Erkrankungen ist die Verhinderung atherothrombotischer Ereignisse. Bislang standen die Plättchenhemmer Aspirin und Clopidogrel in der Primär- und Sekundärprophylaxe stabiler Patienten zur Verfügung. Doch auch mit Thrombozytenaggregationshemmern erleiden manche Patienten mit Arterienerkrankungen kardiovaskuläre ischämische Ereignisse, die auf eine übermäßige Thrombinbildung zurückzuführen sind. Deshalb wurden Nicht-Vitamin-K-Antagonist orale Antikoagulanzien (NOAKs), insbesondere die Faktor-Xa-Inhibitoren, entweder allein oder in Kombination mit einer Antiplättchen-Therapie bei der Behandlung von arteriellen Erkrankungen getestet. Die COMPASS-Studie untersuchte die niedrig dosierte Antikoagulation bei stabiler KHK oder AVK. Die Zugabe von 2 × 2,5 mg Rivaroxaban zur Dauertherapie mit Aspirin verhinderte nicht nur kardiovaskulären Tod, Myokardinfarkt und Schlaganfall, sondern reduzierte sogar die Gesamtmortalität um 18 % nach einer mittleren Nachbeobachtungszeit von 23 Monaten. Dieser Vorteil ging allerdings auf Kosten von mehr gastrointestinalen Blutungen. Interessanterweise gab es jedoch keine Zunahme von tödlichen oder intrakraniellen Blutungen. Daher könnte in naher Zukunft eine neue Standardtherapie für Hochrisikopatienten mit atherosklerotischer Erkrankung verfügbar werden.
Moderne Therapiestrategien bei Stuhlinkontinenz
Authors: Brunner Maximilian , Bittorf Birgit , Matzel Klaus
Published: April 2019

Hintergrund Das Krankheitsbild der Stuhlinkontinenz ist häufig mit einem signifikanten Leidensdruck für die Betroffenen und einer Verschlechterung von deren Lebensqualität vergesellschaftet, weist eine unterschätzte Prävalenz auf und wird aufgrund des demografischen Wandels in Deutschland in Zukunft noch an Bedeutung gewinnen. Hinsichtlich der Therapie einer Stuhlinkontinenz haben sich in den letzten Jahren neue Techniken entwickelt, und die Evidenz zu bestehenden Methoden hat zugenommen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, aktuelle Entwicklungen und neuere Behandlungskonzepte bei Stuhlinkontinenz zu beleuchten.

Methoden und Ergebnisse Eine aktuelle Literaturanalyse bez. der Therapie von Stuhlinkontinenz wurde durchgeführt. Im Rahmen der konservativen Inkontinenztherapie haben sich Kombinationstherapien als besonders wirksam erwiesen. Unter den chirurgischen Maßnahmen haben Studien zum Langzeitverlauf in den letzten Jahren die Evidenz der sakralen Nervenstimulation und deren Stand als Erstlinientherapie bekräftigt. Die Sphinkteroplastik bleibt eine bewährte Therapieoption bei Inkontinenz infolge von Lücken des Analsphinkters. Die therapeutische Langzeiteffektivität ist gering. „Bulking agents“ stellen eine Alternative vor allem bei passiver Stuhlinkontinenz dar, obgleich die Evidenz aufgrund unterschiedlicher verwendeter Substanzen und Techniken und fehlender Langzeitergebnisse eingeschränkt ist. Zur Behandlung einer Stuhlinkontinenz im Rahmen einer maskierten Stuhlentleerungsstörung hat sich die ventrale Netzrektopexie etabliert.

Schlussfolgerungen Das Spektrum der Therapieoptionen zur Behandlung der Stuhlinkontinenz entwickelt sich kontinuierlich. Es besteht Konsens hinsichtlich des Einsatzes konservativer Maßnahmen als Initialtherapie. Es sind aktuell nur relativ wenig bewährte chirurgische Methoden verfügbar. Die Entwicklung und Evaluation neuer Behandlungsansätze wie auch die weitere Verbesserung der Evidenz der Effektivität bestehender Therapieoptionen ist anzustreben.
LAA-Okkluder und PFO-Verschluss
Authors: Schnupp Steffen , Salem Ashraf , Ajmi Issameddine , Gayed Mohamed , Mahnkopf Christian , Brachmann Johannes
Published: April 2019

Kardiale Embolien sind nach wie vor eine weltweit führende Ätiologie ischämischer Schlaganfälle. Obwohl sich die Pathologien, die zu den Embolien führen, in den letzten 10 Jahren nicht geändert haben, wurden bedeutende Fortschritte bei den Behandlungs- und Schlaganfallverhütungsmethoden für diese Krankheitsbilder erzielt. Vorhofflimmern (VHF) gilt mit einem Anteil von 20–30 % als die häufigste Ursache kardioembolischer Schlaganfälle. Goldstand zur Schlaganfallprophylaxe bei VHF bleibt nach wie vor die orale Antikoagulation (OAK). Hier hat sich in den letzten Jahren bei geeigneten Patienten eine Überlegenheit der nicht-Vitamin-K-abhängigen oralen Antikoagulanzien (NOAK) gegenüber den Vitamin-K-Antagonisten (VKA) gezeigt. Fortschritte beim Verschluss des linken Herzohrs als Schlaganfallprävention bei VHF-Patienten mit Kontraindikationen für eine OAK haben das Feld revolutioniert und eine Möglichkeit für Patienten mit höherem Blutungsrisiko geschaffen. Aktuelle Studien zeigen, dass diese Maßnahme, verglichen mit den VKA, einen ähnlichen Schutz vor Schlaganfall bietet – bei weniger Blutungskomplikationen im Langzeitverlauf. Darüber hinaus konnte die initial relativ hohe periprozedurale Komplikationsrate in den letzten Jahren deutlich gesenkt werden. Ein direkter Vergleich zwischen NOAK und dem interventionellen Vorhofohrverschluss steht noch aus. Daher wird von den Leitlinien empfohlen, den Verschluss des linken Vorhofohrs nur bei Patienten mit eindeutiger Kontraindikation gegen eine OAK in Erwägung zu ziehen (Empfehlungsgrad IIb, Evidenzgrad B).

Die Rolle des Foramen-ovale-Verschlusses für die Sekundärprävention bei ausgewählten Patienten mit kryptogenem ischämischem Schlaganfall in einem relativ jungen Alter ist dank der jüngsten Veröffentlichung der Langzeitergebnisse aus 3 großen Studien klarer geworden. Daher wird von den neuen Leitlinien empfohlen, dass bei Patienten zwischen 16 und 60 Jahren mit einem (nach neurologischer und kardiologischer Abklärung) kryptogenen ischämischen Schlaganfall und offenem Foramen ovale mit moderatem oder ausgeprägten Rechts-links-Shunt ein interventioneller PFO-Verschluss durchgeführt werden soll (Empfehlungsgrad I Evidenzgrad A).
Vorhofflimmern und Koronarintervention
Authors: Leschke Matthias
Published: April 2019

Nach den aktuellen Studiendaten von PIONEER-AF, REDUAL-PCI und der AUGUSTUS-Studie sollte bei Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern und Koronarstenting eine duale Therapie mit Rivaroxaban in der reduzierten Dosis von 15 mg oder Apixaban in der Dosis 5 mg oder Dabigatran in der Dosierung von 150 mg durchgeführt werden. In diesen 3 Studien wies die Kombination aus Rivaroxaban bzw. Dabigatran bzw. Apixaban mit Clopidogrel weitaus geringere Blutungsraten als die klassische Triple-Therapie auf. Die aktuelle ESC-Leitlinie zur Myokardrevaskularisation empfiehlt diesen dualen Therapieansatz bei im Vordergrund stehenden Blutungsrisiko mit einer Klasse IIa A. Insbesondere Patienten mit einem akuten Koronarsyndrom, die eine stärkere Plättchenaktivität mit anhaltend hoher Thrombinaktivität aufweisen, profitieren von einer verlängerten dualen Antiplättchentherapie (DAPT), wenn das Blutungsrisiko gering ist und zusätzliche ischämische Risikofaktoren, wie ein Diabetes mellitus, ein weiteres Myokardinfarktereignis, eine koronare Mehrgefäßerkrankung oder eine Niereninsuffizienz vorliegen. Der klinische Stellenwert spezieller Score-Systeme zur Differenzierung von Patienten, die von einer DAPT profitieren, ist derzeit unklar, da prospektive Daten bisher nicht vorliegen.
Multi-modality Treatment and Survival in Sinonasal Minor Salivary Gland Tumors
Authors: Torabi Sina J. , Spock Todd , Cardoso Bruno , Chao Janet , Manes R Peter , Judson Benjamin L.
Published: April 2019

Objectives The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the multimodality treatment on survival in sinonasal minor salivary gland tumors.

Methods Adult clinical American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumor (T) 1-4a staged cases of sinonasal minor salivary gland tumors were isolated from the National Cancer Database (2004–2014). Multivariate regressions were performed to analyze the effect of multimodality treatment. A subset analysis was also performed in patients with positive margins following surgical management.

Results We identified 556 cases, of which 293 (52.7%) patients were treated with surgery and radiotherapy (RT), 160 (28.8%) were treated with surgery alone, and 52 (9.4%) were treated with surgery and chemoradiotherapy (CRT). No patients were treated with chemotherapy alone. With surgery and CRT as a reference, the only treatment modality associated with decreased survival was RT alone (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.213 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.578–6.543]; p = 0.001). Within a subset analysis of patients with positive margins, surgery was associated with decreased survival (HR: 2.021 [95% CI: 1.401–3.925]; p = 0.038), but not triple modality therapy (HR: 1.700 [95% CI: 0.798–3.662]) when compared with surgery with RT.

Conclusion The most common treatment was surgery and RT, consistent with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines which recommends chemotherapy (CT) only in the most concerning cases. However, we found no difference in survival among most treatment modalities when compared with triple modality therapy, with the exception of RT alone. Although margins were prognostic within these cancers, we found no evidence that adjuvant CRT provides any survival benefit over surgery and RT, though surgery alone was associated with decreased survival.
Age-Specific Reference Intervals for PT, aPTT, Fibrinogen and Thrombin Time for Parturient Women
Authors: Zhang Gao-Ming , Zhang Wei , Zhang Guo-Ming
Published: April 2019

Background Parturient women are healthy individuals who require special consideration. Parturient women are considered to be in a hyper-coagulable state. For example, the fibrinogen (FIB) levels are often higher than the upper limit of normal reference intervals (RIs) in parturient women than in non-parturient healthy individuals (2–4 g/L).

Objective The aim of this study is to establish the RIs of pro-thrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), FIB levels and thrombin time (TT) for parturient women.

Materials and Methods Blood levels of PT, aPTT, FIB and TT were assayed on an ACL TOP 700 automatic coagulation analyser using plasma samples from 10,472 parturient women. Outlier results were excluded by using Tukey's test. The RIs were calculated by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute C28-A3 guideline.

Results The RIs of PT, aPTT, FIB and TT were 8.7 to 12.1 seconds (8.7–12.2 seconds for 16–20 years old, 8.7–12.1 second for 21–25 years old, 8.6–12.0 second for 26–30 years old, 8.7–12.0 second for 31–35 years old, 8.7–12.6 second for 36–40 years old and 8.8–12.2 second for 41 years old), 22.9 to 42.3 seconds, 1.98 to 5.82 g/L and 9.9 to 16.7 seconds, respectively. PT levels were found to be positively associated with aging.

Conclusion The above-established age-specific RIs, defined by using a large dataset, may assist clinicians in making accurate medical decisions. This was the first study in which the RIs of PT, aPTT, FIB and TT were established for parturient women in different age groups.
Expansile Traumatic Neuroma of the Intratemporal Facial Nerve
Authors: Feng Yening , Patel Neil , Burrows Anthony , Lane John , Raghunathan Aditya , Van Gompel Jamie , Carlson Matthew
Published: April 2019

Objectives To present a rare case of traumatic facial neuroma involving the geniculate ganglion and review relevant literature.

Patient Thirty-year-old man.

Intervention Microsurgical resection via combined mastoid-middle fossa approach with great auricular nerve interpositional graft.

Main Outcome Measures Patient demographics and pre- and postoperative facial nerve function.

Results A 30-year-old man with a reported history of prior Bell's palsy developed progressive complete (House–Brackmann VI) right facial paralysis following blunt trauma. Imaging was strongly suggestive of a geniculate ganglion hemangioma. As the patient had no spontaneous improvement in his poor facial function over the course of 9 months, he underwent resection of the facial nerve lesion with great auricular nerve graft interposition via a combined mastoid-middle fossa approach. Histopathology demonstrated disorganized fascicles, with axonal clustering reminiscent of sprouting/regeneration following trauma. No cellular proliferation or vascular malformation was present.

Conclusion Traumatic facial nerve neuromas can occur following temporal bone trauma and can closely mimic primary facial nerve tumors. Akin to the management of geniculate ganglion hemangioma and schwannoma, preoperative facial function largely dictates if and when surgery should be pursued.
Assessing light absorption contributions in thin periodically-textured silicon absorbers under oblique illumination
Authors: Ahmadpanahi H. , El Gawhary O. , Vismara R. , Isabella O. , M.Zeman
Published: April 2019

Periodic texturing is one of the main techniques to enhance light absorption in thin-film solar cells. The presence of periodicity, such as grating, allows the excitation of guided modes in the structure, thus enhancing absorption. However, grating efficiency in exciting guided modes is highly dependent on the wavelength and incident angle of light. This is relevant especially in solar cells application, where the light source – the sun – is broadband and largely angle-dependent. Nevertheless, most of literature only focuses on the frequency response of periodic texturing, thus neglecting the effect of angular movement of the sun. In this work we use Fourier expansion to calculate the absorption of each type of mode (guided and non-guided) in an absorptive periodic waveguide. The structure is illuminated with TM and TE polarized light and under three different incident angles. Using this method, we are able to calculate the contribution of a guided resonance to total absorption for different angles of incidence. The work here developed and supported by rigorous numerical calculations can be used to better understand light propagation in a periodic waveguide structure, such as thin-film solar cells.
Ultradilute Quantum Droplets
Authors: Ferrier-Barbut Igor
Published: April 2019

A new class of quantum mechanical liquids is stabilized by an elegant mechanism that allows them to exist despite being orders of magnitude thinner than air.
Influence of annealing temperature on ζ-CrZn13 formation in electrodeposited Zn–Cr coatings
Authors: Boiadjieva-Scherzer Tzvetanka , Avdeev Georgi , Vassilev Tsvetan , Chakarova Vesselina , Kronberger Hermann , Monev Milko
Published: April 2019

Electrоdeposited Zn–Cr alloy coatings, containing 3.6, 5.4 and 9.4 mass % Cr were analysed by DSC and XRD. X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples show that when they are annealed to selected temperatures before and after the heat flow peaks of the DSC curve, there is an irreversible transition in all three alloys from η-(Zn, Cr) to ζ-CrZn13 phase. With increasing Cr content, the start of the transition is shifted to higher temperatures (from 180 to 250°С). The η-(Zn) phase is predominant in the annealed alloy with the lowest content of Cr. In the case of the alloy with the highest Cr content, typical XRD lines of Cr appear along with those of the ζ-CrZn13 phase. The Zn–Cr coating containing 5.4 mass % Cr transforms almost completely into ζ-CrZn13 phase with insignificant traces of residual initial η-(Zn, Cr) phase.
Assessing reproducibility of matrix factorization methods in independent transcriptomes
Authors: Cantini Laura , Kairov Ulykbek , de Reyniès Aurélien , Barillot Emmanuel , Radvanyi François , Zinovyev Andrei
Published: April 2019

Motivation

Matrix factorization (MF) methods are widely used in order to reduce dimensionality of transcriptomic datasets to the action of few hidden factors (metagenes). MF algorithms have never been compared based on the between-datasets reproducibility of their outputs in similar independent datasets. Lack of this knowledge might have a crucial impact when generalizing the predictions made in a study to others.

Results

We systematically test widely used MF methods on several transcriptomic datasets collected from the same cancer type (14 colorectal, 8 breast and 4 ovarian cancer transcriptomic datasets). Inspired by concepts of evolutionary bioinformatics, we design a novel framework based on Reciprocally Best Hit (RBH) graphs in order to benchmark the MF methods for their ability to produce generalizable components. We show that a particular protocol of application of independent component analysis (ICA), accompanied by a stabilization procedure, leads to a significant increase in the between-datasets reproducibility. Moreover, we show that the signals detected through this method are systematically more interpretable than those of other standard methods. We developed a user-friendly tool for performing the Stabilized ICA-based RBH meta-analysis. We apply this methodology to the study of colorectal cancer (CRC) for which 14 independent transcriptomic datasets can be collected. The resulting RBH graph maps the landscape of interconnected factors associated to biological processes or to technological artifacts. These factors can be used as clinical biomarkers or robust and tumor-type specific transcriptomic signatures of tumoral cells or tumoral microenvironment. Their intensities in different samples shed light on the mechanistic basis of CRC molecular subtyping.

Availability and implementation

The RBH construction tool is available from http://goo.gl/DzpwYp

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Nonidentifiability in the presence of factorization for truncated data
Authors: Vakulenko-Lagun B , Qian J , Chiou S H , Betensky R A
Published: April 2019

A time to event, $X$, is left-truncated by $T$ if $X$ can be observed only if $T<X$. This often results in oversampling of large values of $X$, and necessitates adjustment of estimation procedures to avoid bias. Simple risk-set adjustments can be made to standard risk-set-based estimators to accommodate left truncation when $T$ and $X$ are quasi-independent. We derive a weaker factorization condition for the conditional distribution of $T$ given $X$ in the observable region that permits risk-set adjustment for estimation of the distribution of $X$, but not of the distribution of $T$. Quasi-independence results when the analogous factorization condition for $X$ given $T$ holds also, in which case the distributions of $X$ and $T$ are easily estimated. While we can test for factorization, if the test does not reject, we cannot identify which factorization condition holds, or whether quasi-independence holds. Hence we require an unverifiable assumption in order to estimate the distribution of $X$ or $T$ based on truncated data. This contrasts with the common understanding that truncation is different from censoring in requiring no unverifiable assumptions for estimation. We illustrate these concepts through a simulation of left-truncated and right-censored data.
Double vascular ring: a case report of double aortic arch and concurrent pulmonary artery sling
Authors: Matsumoto Yoshimi , Kamada Masahiro , Nakagawa Naomi , Ishiguchi Yukiko
Published: April 2019

Background

Double aortic arch (DAA) and pulmonary artery sling (PAS) are vascular ring formations that present in neonates and infants with symptoms of respiratory stenosis.

Case summary

The patient was a girl with suspected ventricular septal defect (VSD), right aortic arch (AA), left patent ductus arteriosus, and bilateral superior vena cava (SVC) on foetal echography in the first day of life. The girl was delivered at 40 weeks and 4 days of gestation. Ventricular septal defect, DAA, coarctation of the left AA, and bilateral SVC were diagnosed. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography at Day 16 revealed PAS with concurrent anomalous tracheal branching in addition to DAA. The right A2 segmental artery, which supplies the right upper pulmonary artery, showed abnormal branching from the left pulmonary artery (LPA). At 3 months of age, VSD patching, left AA resection distal to the root of the left subclavian artery, arterial ligament dissection, and LPA replacement were performed.

Discussion

Pulmonary artery sling coexists with anomalous branching of the trachea and abnormal branching of the right pulmonary artery (RPA). Our patient had an extremely rare case of DAA concurrent with PAS and presented with anomalous tracheal and RPA branching. We were concerned that increased pulmonary blood flow caused by the VSD would exacerbate tracheal displacement. Radical surgery at 3 months of age resulted in good postoperative progress.