bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correction to: A comparison of isomaltulose versus maltodextrin ingestion during soccer-specific exercise
Authors: Stevenson Emma J. , Watson Anthony , Theis Stephan , Holz Anja , Harper Liam D. , Russell Mark
Published: November 2017

The article “A comparison of isomaltulose versus maltodextrin ingestion during soccer-specific exercise”, written by “Emma J. Stevenson, Anthony Watson, Stephan Theis, Anja Holz,·Liam D. Harper, Mark Russell”, was originally published Online First without open access. After publication in volume [117], issue [11], page.
In-Situ Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Studies on Effects of Plastic and Elastic Loading on bcc Phase Transformations of a 3rd Generation 1 GPa Advanced High Strength Steel
Authors: Eftekharimilani P. , Huizenga R. M. , Kim B. , Bernasconi A. , Hermans M. J. M.
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we describe the effects of mechanical loading on bcc-to-bcc phase transformations of an Advanced High Strength Steel during cooling. In-situ synchrotron diffraction was employed to measure time–temperature–load diffraction patterns. Calculations were made of the volume fractions of the phases, the transformation kinetics, and the austenite lattice parameter during cooling and simultaneous loading. In addition, volume fractions and lattice parameters of retained austenite at room temperature under different loading conditions were obtained. The results show that applying a load during cooling of the fcc phase significantly increases the volume fraction of a bcc phase before the start of the martensitic transformation. The kinetics of phase transformations were affected by the applied loads. The volume fraction and lattice parameter of retained austenite at room temperature vary in different samples and the highest retained austenite and the largest lattice parameter were obtained in the sample subjected to the highest load.
Three Dimensions of Change in School Segregation: A Grade-Period-Cohort Analysis
Authors: Fiel Jeremy E. , Zhang Yongjun
Published: November 2017

This study uses the first age-period-cohort (APC) analysis of segregation to examine changes in U.S. public school segregation from 1999–2000 to 2013–2014. APC analyses disentangle distinct sources of change in segregation, and they account for grade effects that could distort temporal trends if grade distributions change over time. Findings indicate that grade effects are substantial, drastically reducing segregation at the transition to middle school and further at the transition to high school. These grade effects do not substantially distort the analysis of recent trends, however, because grade distributions were sufficiently stable. Black-white segregation was stagnant overall, while Hispanic-white segregation declined modestly. In both cases, declines across periods were offset by increases across cohorts. Further analyses reveal variation in these trends across metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, regions, and areas with different histories of desegregation policy.
A matter of fact? Adolescents' assumptions about crime, laws, and authority and their domain‐specific beliefs about punishment
Authors: Oosterhoff Benjamin , Shook Natalie J. , Metzger Aaron
Published: November 2017

This study examined adolescents' beliefs about the amount of punishment individuals should receive for violating different laws and whether these beliefs are connected with their informational assumptions (i.e., perceived facts) about crime, laws, and authority. American adolescents (N = 340; Mage = 16.64, 58.2% female) reported their judgments concerning the appropriate punishment for violating laws regulating domain‐specific behaviors and their informational assumptions regarding the prevalence and causes of crime, beliefs that authority is knowledgeable, and the purpose of punishment. Greater internal attributions for crime was associated with stronger punishment judgments for violating laws that regulate moral and conventional issues. Greater beliefs that punishment teaches right from wrong was associated with stronger punishment judgments for violating laws that regulate drug‐related prudential issues, and lower punishment judgments for violating laws that regulate personal issues. Greater beliefs that authorities are more knowledgeable than others was associated with stronger punishment judgments for violating laws that regulate personal issues.
Constituency Campaigning in the Age of Data
Authors: Belfry Munroe Kaija , Munroe H.D.
Published: November 2017

This paper examines how Canadian constituency campaigns perceive and use data in elections. We apply a conceptual framework for data-driven campaigning, developed from existing literature, to participant observations and interview responses from the Conservative, Liberal and NDP campaigns in a single riding during the general election of 2015. The rhetoric of “big data” notwithstanding, we find significant variation in the extent and nature of the use of data at the constituency level, and that the increasing use of data in electioneering may have a centralizing effect on traditionally stratarchical political party organization.
ON-FARM TRIALS FOR DEVELOPMENT IMPACT? THE ORGANISATION OF RESEARCH AND THE SCALING OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: DE ROO NINA , ANDERSSON JENS A. , KRUPNIK TIMOTHY J.
Published: November 2017

Changes in donor priorities have meant that agronomists working in the tropics find themselves in a fundamentally new operational space, one that demands rapid improvements in farmers' livelihoods resulting from the large-scale adoption of new technologies and crop management practices. As a result, on-farm trials in contemporary Agricultural Research for Development (AR4D) are increasingly implemented both to collect data and to spur farmer adoption. We examine the different interpretations and organisational practices of AR4D organisations in this new operational space, and reflect on the usefulness of on-farm trials for agricultural technology scaling. Three case studies are presented to address these questions – two in sub-Saharan Africa and one in South Asia. Each study is considered in light of Science and Technology Studies theory and locates science as a politically situated practice, recognising the tension that scientists face between providing evidence and persuading selected audiences. The case studies show that this tension results in the introduction of several biases that limit the scalability of the technologies under investigation. These include biases at the level of the trial location, host-farmer selection, trial design, management and evaluation. We conclude by discussing how the contemporary political and institutional environment of AR4D produces project beneficiaries and research outcomes on selected farms, but not necessarily impacts at scale.
Effects of Chinese honeybee foraging on oilseed rape gene flow and honey ingredients
Authors: LIU F. X. , BU C. P. , TANG T. , CHEN G. M. , GU S. K. , WANG Y. N. , ZHAO X. X.
Published: November 2017

Honeybee foraging can transfer exogenous genes from genetically modified (GM) oilseed rape (Brassica napusL.) to closely related plants, which not only induces potential ecological risks but also contaminates non-GM seeds or honey products with GM ingredients. These events may lead to international trade disputes. Chinese honeybees (Apis cerana ceranaFabricius) and a herbicide (glufosinate)-resistant GM strain ofB. napus(Z7B10) were studied to examine the effects of honeybee short-range foraging on oilseed rape gene flow and honey ingredients. Results showed variable frequencies of gene flow between GM and non-GM oilseed rape cultivars, with the highest frequency under nylon net isolation with artificially stocked honeybees, the lowest frequency under nylon net isolation alone, and an intermediate frequency under natural pollination, suggesting the important role of honeybee foraging in gene flow frequency. Additionally, GM pollen grains were found in honey collected from honeybees foraging on both GM and non-GM oilseed rape cultivars. The phosphinothricin acetyltransferase protein was also detected in both unbroken pollen-containing and pollen-free honey by protein testing strips, suggesting that honeybee foraging on GM oilseed rape could lead to contamination with GM ingredients. Overall, the results provide a direct scientific basis for the ecological risk assessment and safety management of GM oilseed rape.
Circadian rhythms of trematode parasites: applying mixed models to test underlying patterns
Authors: Hannon Emily R. , Calhoun Dana M. , Chadalawada Sindhu , Johnson Pieter T.J.
Published: November 2017

Circadian rhythms of parasites and their hosts can influence processes such as transmission, pathology and life cycle evolution. For trematode parasites that depend on free-living infectious stages (i.e. cercariae) to move among host species, the timing of parasite release is hypothesized to increase the likelihood of contacting a host. Yet, a persistent challenge in studying such biorhythms involves selection of appropriate analytical techniques. Here, we extend a generalized linear mixed modelling (GLMM) framework to cosinor analyses, thereby allowing flexibility in the statistical distribution of the response variable, incorporation of multiple covariates and inclusion of hierarchical grouping effects. By applying this approach to 93 snails infected with trematode parasites from freshwater pond ecosystems, we detected non-random rhythms in six of eight species, with variation in both the timing of peak cercariae release (between 5:10 and 21:46 h) and its magnitude (between 13 and 386). The use of GLMM yielded more accurate and precise estimates of the cosinor parameters compared with classical least-squares (LS) based on a simulation-based sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the amplitude and rhythm-adjusted mean values from the LS models diverged from the true values at some limits. We highlight the importance of novel analytical approaches for evaluating parasite circadian rhythms and investigating their underlying mechanisms.
Back to the future: The return of cognitive functionalism
Authors: Çağlar Leyla Roskan , Hanson Stephen José
Published: November 2017

The claims that learning systems must build causal models and provide explanations of their inferences are not new, and advocate a cognitive functionalism for artificial intelligence. This view conflates the relationships between implicit and explicit knowledge representation. We present recent evidence that neural networks do engage in model building, which is implicit, and cannot be dissociated from the learning process.
What can the brain teach us about building artificial intelligence?
Authors: George Dileep
Published: November 2017

Lake et al. offer a timely critique on the recent accomplishments in artificial intelligence from the vantage point of human intelligence and provide insightful suggestions about research directions for building more human-like intelligence. Because we agree with most of the points they raised, here we offer a few points that are complementary.
Horses for courses: When acceptability judgments are more suitable than structural priming (and vice versa)
Authors: Ambridge Ben
Published: November 2017

Although structural priming is often the most suitable paradigm, it sometimes misses effects that are detected by more sensitive acceptability-judgment tasks, thus yielding incorrect conclusions. For example, Branigan & Pickering's (B&P's) claim that “syntactic representations do not contain semantic information” (sect. 2.1, para. 2), while supported by structural-priming studies of the passive, is undermined by an acceptability-judgment study of this construction.
The logic of syntactic priming and acceptability judgments
Authors: Gaston Phoebe , Huang Nick , Phillips Colin
Published: November 2017

A critical flaw in Branigan & Pickering's (B&P's) advocacy of structural priming is the absence of a theory of priming. This undermines their claims about the value of priming as a methodology. In contrast, acceptability judgments enable clearer inferences about structure. It is important to engage thoroughly with the logic behind different structural diagnostics.
Syntactic levels, lexicalism, and ellipsis: The jury is still out
Authors: Hartsuiker Robert J. , Bernolet Sarah
Published: November 2017

Structural priming data are sometimes compatible with several theoretical views, as shown here for three key theoretical claims. One reason is that prime sentences affect multiple representational levels driving syntactic choice. Additionally, priming is affected by further cognitive functions (e.g., memory). We therefore see priming as a useful tool for the investigation of linguistic representation but not the only tool.
Planning Navigation in Inland Waterways with Tidal Depth Restrictions
Authors: Muñuzuri Jesús , Barbadilla Elena , Escudero-Santana Alejandro , Onieva Luis
Published: November 2017

The planning of vessel navigation along a tidal river is a complex task that can affect the efficiency of inland ports and intermodal chains. The availability of water may represent a significant restriction to port accessibility, having an impact on waiting times, cost and even safety. This paper presents a heuristic procedure to schedule vessels on a tidal waterway, which seeks to optimise navigation according to a multi-criteria objective function combining the number of vessels serviced, the total waiting time, the waterway occupation time and the number of crossing operations, where the term “crossing” implies inbound and outbound vessels passing each other. The procedure requires a previous step of estimation of real-time water depth, which identifies the critical points or navigation bottlenecks along the waterway, and contemplates the possibility of vessels having to anchor in the middle of their journey and wait for next tide rise. We validate the procedure through its application to a set of real and test problems and show that its results are reliable in terms of performance and solution quality.
Is low cognitive functioning a predictor or consequence of major depressive disorder? A test in two longitudinal birth cohorts
Authors: Schaefer Jonathan D. , Scult Matthew A. , Caspi Avshalom , Arseneault Louise , Belsky Daniel W. , Hariri Ahmad R. , Harrington Honalee , Houts Renate , Ramrakha Sandhya , Poulton Richie , Moffitt Terrie E.
Published: November 2017

Cognitive impairment has been identified as an important aspect of major depressive disorder (MDD). We tested two theories regarding the association between MDD and cognitive functioning using data from longitudinal cohort studies. One theory, thecognitive reserve hypothesis, suggests that higher cognitive ability in childhood decreases risk of later MDD. The second, thescarring hypothesis, instead suggests that MDD leads to persistent cognitive deficits following disorder onset. We tested both theories in the Dunedin Study, a population-representative cohort followed from birth to midlife and assessed repeatedly for both cognitive functioning and psychopathology. We also used data from the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study to test whether childhood cognitive functioning predicts future MDD risk independent of family-wide and genetic risk using a discordant twin design. Contrary to both hypotheses, we found that childhood cognitive functioning did not predict future risk of MDD, nor did study members with a past history of MDD show evidence of greater cognitive declineunlessMDD was accompanied by other comorbid psychiatric conditions. Our results thus suggest that low cognitive functioning is related to comorbidity, but is neither an antecedent nor an enduring consequence of MDD. Future research may benefit from considering cognitive deficits that occur during depressive episodes from a transdiagnostic perspective.
Trophic niche overlap among scavengers in Patagonia supports the condor-vulture competition hypothesis
Authors: BALLEJO FERNANDO , LAMBERTUCCI SERGIO A. , TREJO ANA , DE SANTIS LUCIANO J. M.
Published: November 2017

Animals that share resources tend to use different foraging strategies in order to decrease potential competition. Scavenging birds using the same nutritional resources can segregate into different space and time scales. However, it has been suggested that when the species do not co-evolve to achieve such segregation competition may result. Our aim was to study the trophic niche overlap between three species of obligate scavengers, the Andean CondorVultur gryphus, Turkey VultureCathartes auraand American Black VultureCoragyps atratus, which are the main avian consumers of carcasses in north-western Patagonia. Black Vultures arrived in the area relatively recently, have expanded their distribution following human activities, and have been suggested to compete with the threatened condor. We collected pellets in communal roosts of the three species to determine their diet, and to estimate the diversity (Shannon Index) and diet similarity (Pianka overlap index). We found that the Turkey Vulture has greater niche breadth and, apart from domestic livestock, it incorporates smaller items such as fish, reptiles and a great number of birds, carnivores and mice. Although the Black Vulture diet includes arthropods, they feed primarily on introduced ungulates, overlapping more with condor diet when roosting far from urban centres. As these latter two species share the same food resource, human activities that positively affect the abundance of the Black Vulture could increase competition among them, with possible implications for the conservation of the Andean Condor.
Stroke and food groups: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Authors: Deng Cuiyu , Lu Qi , Gong Bingyan , Li Liya , Chang Lianxia , Fu Li , Zhao Yue
Published: November 2017

Objective

Numerous systematic reviews of prospective studies on the association of stroke risk with the consumption of various food groups have been published. A review of the evidence across the existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses of prospective studies was conducted to provide an overview of the range and validity of the reported associations of food groups with stroke risk.

Design

The PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles published up to September 2015 to identify systematic reviews of prospective studies.

Results

A total of eighteen studies published from 2008 to 2015 were eligible for analysis. Overall, thirteen specific foods were studied for an association with stroke outcome, including nuts, legumes, fruits and vegetables, refined grains, whole grains, dairy products, eggs, chocolate, red and/or processed meat, fish, tea, sugar-sweetened beverages and coffee. Whereas a high consumption of nuts, fruits, vegetables, dairy foods, fish and tea, and moderate consumption of coffee and chocolate demonstrated a protective effect, a high consumption of red and/or processed meat was associated with increased stroke risk. Refined grain, sugar-sweetened beverage, legume, egg and whole grain intake showed no effect on stroke outcome.

Conclusions

The current overview provided a high level of evidence to support the beneficial effect of specific foods on stroke outcome. Clinicians and policy makers could inform clinical practice and policy based on this overview.
Microarray expression profile of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the placenta of non-diabetic macrosomia
Authors: Song G. Y. , Na Q. , Wang D. , Qiao C.
Published: November 2017

Macrosomia, not only is closely associated with short-term, birth-related problems, but also has long-term consequences for the offspring. We investigated the expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in the placenta of macrosomia births using a microarray profile. The data showed that 2929 lncRNAs and 4574 mRNAs were upregulated in the placenta of macrosomia births compared with the normal birth weight group (fold change ⩾2.0, P<0.05), and 2127 lncRNAs and 2511 mRNAs were downregulated (fold change ⩾2.0, P<0.05). To detect the function of the differentially expressed lncRNAs and their possible relationship with the differentially expressed mRNAs, we also performed gene ontology analysis and pathway analysis. The results demonstrated that the PI3K-AKT signalling pathway, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway, the focal adhesion pathway, the B cell receptor signalling pathway, and the protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and lysosome pathway were significantly differentially expressed in the macrosomia placenta. Four lncRNAs were randomly chosen from the differentially expressed lncRNAs to validate the microarray data by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The qPCR results were consistent with the microarray data. In conclusion, lncRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in the placenta of macrosomia patients, and may contribute to the pathogenesis of macrosomia.
State Phobia, Then and Now: Three Waves of Conflict over Wisconsin's Public Sector, 1930–2013
Authors: Collins Jane L. , Carlson H. Jacob
Published: November 2017

While state legislative rollbacks of public-sector workers’ collective bargaining rights in Wisconsin and other US states in 2011 appeared to signal an unprecedented wave of hostility toward the public sector, such episodes have a long history. Drawing on recent work on “governance repertoires,” this article compares antistate initiatives in Wisconsin in 2011 to two previous periods of conflict over the size and shape of government: the 1930s and the 1970s. We find that while small government advocates in all three periods used similar language and emphasized comparable themes, the outcomes of their advocacy were different due to the distinct historical moments in which they unfolded and the way local initiatives were linked to political projects at the national level. We explore the relationship of local versions of small government activism to their national-level counterparts in each period to show how national-level movements and the ideological, social, and material resources they provided shaped governance repertoires in Wisconsin. We argue that the three moments of conflict over the size of government are deeply intertwined with the prehistory, emergence, and rise to dominance of neoliberal political rationality and can provide insight into how that new “governance repertoire” was experienced and built at the local level.
Reading the Cold War from the Margins:Literatura de Cordel as a Historical Prism
Authors: Sarzynski Sarah
Published: November 2017

In November 1960, theNew York Timesreported on the looming revolution in Northeastern Brazil, describing how Marxist social movement leaders were organizing peasants. Reporter Tad Szulc claimed that “singers andvioleiros—the traveling troubadors of the Northeast who act as human newspapers”—were spreading leader Francisco Julião's manifestos to the largely illiterate rural population and its “miserable, drought-plagued hamlets.” The human newspapers allegedly sung about agrarian reform as a form of liberation, comparing the process of revolution in Brazil with that of Cuba. Szulc wrote:

[The] nomad singers who once sang of the loves and the hatreds of the proud people here, now sing of land reform and of political themes. There is this refrain: The sugar that we sell to capitalist America/ If it serves to sweeten the milk of a Franco Spain/ For sure it will serve for the wine of the Socialist world./ What harm is there in a ship/ Carrying our common Brazilian coffee/ And selling it to a China/ Where there is no Chiang Kai-shek?

Although the poem suffers from a clumsy translation, it is most interesting that theNew York Timesquotedliteratura de cordel(chapbook poetry) to demonstrate the severity of the communist threat in Northeastern Brazil, suggesting that violeiros were Marxist agents indoctrinating the rural poor with their anti-American songs. Szulc's portrayal contrasts with commonly held assumptions aboutliteratura de cordelas “quaint” regional folklore, and violeiros as blind poets who performed silly stories in marginalized rural communities. In the late nineteenth century and much of the twentieth,literatura de cordelwas a source of both entertainment and news for the largely illiterate rural population in the Northeast. It is a textual genre often performed or improvised by singers (repentistas, cantadores, orvioleiros), which has led scholars to define it as folk-popular culture since it is both a written and oral expression of the people.
AD AGENDAM PENITENTIAM PERPETUAM DETRUDATUR MONASTIC INCARCERATION OF ADULTEROUS WOMEN IN THIRTEENTH-CENTURY CANONICAL JURISPRUDENCE
Authors: RENO EDWARD A.
Published: November 2017

Medieval canon law recognized detrusion (detrusio in monasterium) as a sentence for women convicted of adultery. Civil law had made adultery a capital crime, so that detrusio was a milder action. This article traces the history of detrusio in canon law, especially in the thirteenth century, and treats further questions that detrusio raised. Detrusio was originally a pastoral provision, meant to provide a woman rejected by her husband for adultery an opportunity to enter religious life. But in the hands of the jurists detrusio became a coercive ecclesiastical penalty for adultery. The practice raised further concerns, for example: how the woman's property was to be treated; whether the woman sentenced to detrusio became a religious; whether a monastery should be a site of confinement for the laity; and, under what conditions a husband could take his adulterous wife back. The case was also raised of a man who accused his wife of adultery so that he could dissolve his marriage and enter a monastery.
Zur Anwendung der Signalentdeckungstheorie bei der Auswertung von Aufgaben zur motorischen Verfolgung der eigenen Herzschläge
Authors: Richter Fabian , Zimmer Heinz
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung. Aufgaben zur Entdeckung und Verfolgung der eigenen Herzschläge werden standardmäßig als ein Maß für eine umfassendere interozeptive Fähigkeit eingesetzt. Bei der Auswertung dieser Aufgaben wird aber nur selten ein echtes Maß für die Sensitivität der Wahrnehmung körpereigener Signale verwendet. Die vorliegende Studie hat sich deshalb dieser Fragestellung angenommen und die Daten einer sogenannten Herzschlagentdeckungsaufgabe (HBDT) mithilfe der Signalentdeckungstheorie (SDT) ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse (N = 44) zeigen entsprechend, dass der so gewonnene Sensitivitätsindex (d’) deutlich unabhängiger von der reinen Anzahl der in einer motorischen HBDT abgegebenen Reaktionen ist, als herkömmliche Maße der Herzschlagentdeckungsfähigkeit. Mit d’ kann somit eine vielfach kritisierte Konfundierung bei den herkömmlichen Maßen aufgelöst und dadurch die Validität der HBDT erhöht werden. Darüber hinaus konnte, wie schon wiederholt mit einem herkömmlichen Accuracy-Maß gezeigt, auch mit unserem SDT-Index d’ ein Trainingseffekt der interozeptiven Fähigkeit nachgewiesen werden. Ferner ist an dieser Studie innovativ, dass zur Feststellung der tatsächlichen Herztätigkeit erstmalig die Doppler-Sonographie eingesetzt wurde.
Autonomic Cardiovascular Dysregulation at Rest and During Stress in Chronically Low Blood Pressure
Authors: Duschek Stefan , Hoffmann Alexandra , Montoro Casandra I. , Reyes del Paso Gustavo A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Chronic low blood pressure (hypotension) is accompanied by symptoms such as fatigue, reduced drive, faintness, dizziness, cold limbs, and concentration difficulties. The study explored the involvement of aberrances in autonomic cardiovascular control in the origin of this condition. In 40 hypotensive and 40 normotensive subjects, impedance cardiography, electrocardiography, and continuous blood pressure recordings were performed at rest and during stress induced by mental calculation. Parameters of cardiac sympathetic control (i.e., stroke volume, cardiac output, pre-ejection period, total peripheral resistance), parasympathetic control (i.e., heart rate variability), and baroreflex function (i.e., baroreflex sensitivity) were obtained. The hypotensive group exhibited markedly lower stroke volume, heart rate, and cardiac output, as well as higher pre-ejection period and baroreflex sensitivity than the control group. Hypotension was furthermore associated with a smaller blood pressure response during stress. No group differences arose in total peripheral resistance and heart rate variability. While reduced beta-adrenergic myocardial drive seems to constitute the principal feature of the autonomic impairment that characterizes chronic hypotension, baroreflex-related mechanisms may also contribute to this state. Insufficient organ perfusion due to reduced cardiac output and deficient cardiovascular adjustment to situational requirements may be involved in the manifestation of bodily and mental symptoms.
Oceans May Produce Twice as Much Organic Matter as Usually Measured
Authors: Witman Sarah
Published: November 2017

Researchers study how oceans respire carbon, reexamining a critical part of the global carbon cycle.
A transcribed enhancer dictates mesendoderm specification in pluripotency
Authors: Alexanian Michael , Maric Daniel , Jenkinson Stephen P. , Mina Marco , Friedman Clayton E. , Ting Ching-Chia , Micheletti Rudi , Plaisance Isabelle , Nemir Mohamed , Maison Damien , Kernen Jasmin , Pezzuto Iole , Villeneuve Dominic , Burdet Frédéric , Ibberson Mark , Leib Stephen L. , Palpant Nathan J. , Hernandez Nouria , Ounzain Samir , Pedrazzini Thierry
Published: November 2017

Enhancers and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key determinants of lineage specification during development. Here, we evaluate remodeling of the enhancer landscape and modulation of the lncRNA transcriptome during mesendoderm specification. We sort mesendodermal progenitors from differentiating embryonic stem cells (ESCs) according toEomesexpression, and find that enhancer usage is coordinated with mesendoderm-specific expression of key lineage-determining transcription factors. Many of these enhancers are associated with the expression of lncRNAs. Examination of ESC-specific enhancers interacting in three-dimensional space with mesendoderm-specifying transcription factor loci identifies MesEndoderm Transcriptional Enhancer Organizing Region (Meteor). Genetic and epigenetic manipulation of theMeteorenhancer reveal its indispensable role during mesendoderm specification and subsequent cardiogenic differentiation via transcription-independent and -dependent mechanisms. Interestingly,Meteor-deleted ESCs are epigenetically redirected towards neuroectodermal lineages. Loci, topologically associating a transcribed enhancer and its cognate protein coding gene, appear to represent therefore a class of genomic elements controlling developmental competence in pluripotency.
Author Correction: A Fluctuation Equation of State for Prediction of High-Pressure Densities of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Chorążewski Mirosław , Postnikov Eugene B. , Jasiok Bernadeta , Nedyalkov Yuriy V. , Jacquemin Johan
Published: November 2017

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
New Description of Evolution of Magnetic Phases in Artificial Honeycomb Lattice
Authors: Summers B. , Chen Y. , Dahal A. , Singh D. K.
Published: November 2017

Artificial magnetic honeycomb lattice provides a two-dimensional archetypal system to explore novel phenomena of geometrically frustrated magnets. According to theoretical reports, an artificial magnetic honeycomb lattice is expected to exhibit several phase transitions to unique magnetic states as a function of reducing temperature. Experimental investigations of permalloy artificial honeycomb lattice of connected ultra-small elements, $${\boldsymbol{\simeq }}$$
≃
12 nm, reveal a more complicated behavior. First, upon cooling the sample to intermediate temperature, $${\bf{T}}{\boldsymbol{\simeq }}$$
T
≃
175 K, the system manifests a non-unique state where the long range order co-exists with short-range magnetic charge order and weak spin ice state. Second, at much lower temperature, $${\bf{T}}{\boldsymbol{\simeq }}$$
T
≃
6 K, the long-range spin solid state exhibits a re-entrant behavior. Both observations are in direct contrast to the present understanding of this system. New theoretical approaches are needed to develop a comprehensive formulation of this two dimensional magnet.
Publisher Correction: Genome-wide identification and expression analyses of the homeobox transcription factor family during ovule development in seedless and seeded grapes
Authors: Li Yunduan , Zhu Yanxun , Yao Jin , Zhang Songlin , Wang Li , Guo Chunlei , van Nocker Steve , Wang Xiping
Published: November 2017

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Enhanced solar absorption and visible-light photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties of aluminium-reduced BaTiO3 nanoparticles
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Ganghua , Han Shaofeng , Cao Jianwu , Duan Linhai , Zeng Tao
Published: November 2017

Al-reduction treatment is proved to be an excellent strategy to tune inert ferroelectric materials toward efficient photocatalysts.
Tetraazapentacene constructs: controlling bulk-morphology through molecular dimensionality
Authors: Geyer Florian L. , Koser Silke , Bojanowski Maximilian N. , Ullrich Florian , Brosius Victor , Hahn Sebastian , Brödner Kerstin , Mankel Eric , Marszalek Tomasz , Pisula Wojciech , Hinkel Felix , Bunz Uwe H. F.
Published: November 2017

Multi-core TIPSTAP-constructs of different dimensionality were created via “geometrization” of the monomeric, highly crystalline parent using alkyne linkers.
Structural aspects of partial solid solution formation: two crystalline modifications of a chiral derivative of 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one under consideration
Authors: Lodochnikova Olga A. , Kosolapova Liliya S. , Saifina Alina F. , Gubaidullin Aidar T. , Fayzullin Robert R. , Khamatgalimov Ayrat R. , Litvinov Igor A. , Kurbangalieva Almira R.
Published: November 2017

Two opposite structural factors control the formation of a partial solid solution of the enantiomers of the titled compound.
Controlling the H to T′ structural phase transitionviachalcogen substitution in MoTe2monolayers
Authors: Young Joshua , Reinecke Thomas L.
Published: November 2017

Chalcogen alloying is used to preferentially stabilize different phases in monolayer two dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides, and improve their surface reactivity.
Theoretical exploration of the potential applications of Sc-based MXenes
Authors: Liu Jing-He , Kan Xiang , Amin Bin , Gan Li-Yong , Zhao Yong
Published: November 2017

Herein, we systematically explored the electronic properties of Sc-based MXenes via first-principles calculations, with the aim to extend their applicability.
The shape of the electronic circular dichroism spectrum of (2,6-dimethylphenyl)(phenyl)methanol: interplay between conformational equilibria and vibronic effects
Authors: Padula Daniele , Cerezo Javier , Pescitelli Gennaro , Santoro Fabrizio
Published: November 2017

Analysis of the interplay between conformational equilibria, solvent effects and vibronic contributions in the ECD spectra.
Control of chemical chaos through medium viscosity in a batch ferroin-catalysed Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction
Authors: Budroni Marcello A. , Calabrese Ilaria , Miele Ylenia , Rustici Mauro , Marchettini Nadia , Rossi Federico
Published: November 2017

A macroscopic parameter, such as medium viscosity, can be used to fine tune chemical chaos in a reaction–diffusion–convection system.
Recent advances in quantum scattering calculations on polyatomic bimolecular reactions
Authors: Fu Bina , Shan Xiao , Zhang Dong H. , Clary David C.
Published: November 2017

This review surveys quantum scattering calculations on chemical reactions of polyatomic molecules in the gas phase published in the last ten years.
Hydrothermal conversion of glucose to levulinic acid using multifunctional ionic liquids: effects of metal ion co-catalysts on the product yield
Authors: Kumar Komal , Parveen Firdaus , Patra Tanmoy , Upadhyayula Sreedevi
Published: November 2017

An efficient catalytic system comprising Bronsted acidic ionic liquids and Lewis acidic metal salts for hydrothermal glucose conversion to platform chemicals.
New porphyrin-based dendrimers with alkene linked fluorenyl antennae for optics
Authors: Yao Dandan , Zhang Xu , Abid Seifallah , Shi Limiao , Blanchard-Desce Mireille , Mongin Olivier , Paul Frédéric , Paul-Roth Christine O.
Published: November 2017

The biphotonic (σ2) singlet oxygen generation capability (ΦΔ) of new TFP-based photosensitizers peripherally functionalized with various dendrons containing 2-ethynylflorenyl chromophores is reported along with remarkable fluorescence yields (ΦF) of up to 17%.
Nitrilium ions – synthesis and applications
Authors: van Dijk Tom , Chris Slootweg J. , Lammertsma Koop
Published: November 2017

Access to both stable and transient nitrilium ions and the use of these synthons in the organic synthesis of imines and a large spectrum of heterocycles and transition metal complexes are succinctly summarized.
Synthesising chain-like, interconnected Pt nanoparticles using a tubular halloysite clay template for an efficient counter electrode in dye-sensitised solar cells
Authors: Nagarajan S. , Pitchaimuthu Sudhagar , Kang Yong Soo
Published: November 2017

We report an inexpensive fabrication route of a mesoporous counter electrode made of chain-like Pt nanoparticles using a tubular halloysite clay template.
Videos With Integrated AAC Visual Scene Displays to Enhance Participation in Community and Vocational Activities: Pilot Case Study With an Adolescent With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: O'Neill Tara , Light Janice , McNaughton David
Published: November 2017

In order to maximize the positive outcomes of augmentative and alternative communication interventions, it is critical that interventions support the participation of individuals with complex communication needs within real-world interactions in their natural environments. A pilot case study was used to evaluate the effects of videos with integrated visual scene displays (VSDs), displayed on a tablet-based application (app), on the percent of task steps completed independently within three community and vocational activities by an adolescent with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The results indicated noticeable gains in independent task completion and communication across contexts while using the video VSD app after only a few intervention sessions. These results provide preliminary evidence that videos with integrated VSDs may serve as an effective means to maximize independent participation and communication for individuals with complex communication needs and ASD in real-world contexts. Ultimately, this assistive technology could reduce dependence on aides (e.g., job coaches, paraprofessionals) and create increased opportunities for employment and independent participation in meaningful community activities for individuals with complex communication needs.
Dynamic reconfiguration of distribution networks considering the real‐time topology variation
Authors: Wen Juan , Tan Yanghong , Jiang Lin , Lei Kejun
Published: November 2017

Network reconfiguration is a vital analysis process for optimising and controlling distribution systems (DSs). Given a stable initial DS, the distribution feeders can be reconfigured by changing the status of the switches to improve the operational performance. Owing to the fault trip, equipment maintenance, and system extension, the removal or addition of a branch can change the structure of the initial topology. This study proposes a dynamic reconfiguration method that considers the real‐time initial topology variation. The method combines the dynamic topology analysis with network reconfiguration to address the optimisation problem of the real‐time distribution network. A set of independent topological parameters represents the initial topology of a DS. After the changes in the initial topology are detected, the dynamic topology analysis is used to restore network connectivity and identify out‐of‐service areas. Then the real‐time initial topology is obtained by updating the topological parameters. In accordance with network reconfiguration, the optimal configuration is identified to reduce power loss and improve the voltage profile of the real‐time distribution network. Illustrative examples verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Studies on the Total Synthesis of Antibiotic Macrolactin S: A Conventional Approach for the Synthesis of the C1–C9 and C10–C24 Fragments
Authors: Srihari Pabbaraja , Sayini Ramakrishna
Published: November 2017

The C1–C9 and C10–C24 segments of the 24-membered polyene macrolide macrolactin S were synthesized by routes involving an epoxide-ring-opening reaction, an Ohira–Bestmann alkyne formation, a chelation-controlled nucleophilic addition reaction, and a Still–Gennari olefination as key steps. A chiron approach , starting from readily available glucose diacetonide, was used to synthesize a key intermediate, and a convergent approach was adopted for the synthesis of the key C10–C24 fragment.
Surgical Treatment of Fibroosseous Lesion in Young Patient with Reduced Mouth Opening
Authors: de Azambuja Carvalho PedroHenrique , Torriani Marcos Antonio , Post LetíciaKirst , Chagas OtacílioLuiz
Published: November 2017

Fibrous dysplasia is a benign fibroosseous disorder that can affect the maxillary bones, causing aesthetic deformity and functional impairment. This article reports the case of a 13-year-old male patient at the time of diagnosis. The patient showed increased facial volume with relevant asymmetry, having reported the onset of the condition 12 months before. Upon examination, the patient presented an 8-mm mouth opening and an acute inflammatory process associated with tooth 37 pericoronal hood. Upon imaging exam, exuberant bone growth in the left mandibular ramus area of ground glass aspect was observed. After incisional biopsy, fibrous dysplasia was diagnosed and sequentially treated with osteoplasty and coronoid process removal. The patient evolved to a 43-mm mouth opening and favorable aesthetics without recurrence in a 3-year follow-up period. In this case, coronoidectomy and bone plasty proved to be effective, returning aesthetics and function. The patient is supposed to be followed up in the long term.
Sonografie in der Nephrologie
Authors: Dabers Thomas , Petsch Thomas , Maybauer Werner , Stracke Sylvia
Published: November 2017

Die Sonografie ist das wichtigste bildgebende Verfahren in der nephrologischen Primärdiagnostik. Sie ist jederzeit verfügbar, die Patienten
müssen kaum auf die Untersuchung vorbereitet werden und im Gegensatz zu vielen anderen Untersuchungsmethoden hat die Sonografie keine
schädlichen Nebenwirkungen für den Patienten und die untersuchten Organe. Die Sonografie der Nieren zeigt Organgröße und Beschaffenheit der
Nierenrinde (= Nierenparenchym) und gibt Aufschluss über akute und chronische Krankheiten. Es können bestimmte Erkrankungen ausgeschlossen
werden (z. B. Harnstau) und Hinweise auf andere Erkrankungen gesehen werden (z. B. Raumforderungen, Zysten, narbige Einziehungen,
Verschmälerungen oder Schwellungen des Nierenparenchyms). Die Sonografie der Armgefäße vor Shuntanlage, die Beurteilung des ausgereiften
Shunts (Flussvolumen, Stenosen) und auch die ultraschallgestützte Beurteilung der Füllung der Vena cava bei Dialysepatienten sind weitere
wichtige Anwendungen des Verfahrens. Die Sonografie wird zudem für Interventionen eingesetzt. Sie wird leitliniengerecht bei Punktionen der
Nieren oder der Anlage von zentralvenösen Kathetern verwendet. So hilft die Sonografie bei der Abklärung akuter und chronischer
Krankheitsverläufe, der Therapiesteuerung (Bestimmung des Volumenhaushaltes) und ist unverzichtbar zur Risikoreduktion bei
Interventionen.
Neues vom Deutschen Suchtkongress 2017
Authors: Lange Nikolaus
Published: November 2017

Vom 18. bis 20. September fand der federführend von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Suchtpsychologie und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Suchtforschung und Suchttherapie ausgerichtete Deutsche Suchtkongress mit ca. 400 Besuchern in Lübeck statt. In 6 Plenarvorträgen, 40 Symposien und insgesamt 184 wissenschaftlichen Beiträgen wurden neuere Ergebnisse und Trends der Suchtforschung vorgestellt.
A functional MRI Exploration of Hamstring Activation During the Supine Bridge Exercise
Authors: Bourne Matthew , Williams Morgan , Pizzari Tania , Shield Anthony
Published: November 2017

The single leg supine bridge (SLB) is a commonly employed strengthening exercise and is used as a clinical test for hamstring function in sports, however, little is known about the patterns of muscle activation in this task. To explore these activation patterns, nine healthy, recreationally active males underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of their thighs at rest and immediately after 5 sets of 10 repetitions of the SLB exercise. Exercise-induced increases in the transverse (T2) relaxation time of the biceps femoris long and short heads, semitendinosus and semimembranosus, were determined via signal intensity changes in pre- and post-exercise images and used as an index of muscle activation. The Bonferroni adjusted alpha was set at p<0.008. The semitendinosus exhibited a greater T2 increase than the biceps femoris short head (p<0.001, d=2.0) and semimembranosus (p=0.001, d=1.2), but not biceps femoris long head (p=0.029, d=0.9). Furthermore, the percentage change in T2 for biceps femoris long head was greater than its short head (p=0.003, d=1.4). During the SLB exercise, the semitendinosus is most selectively targeted and the biceps femoris long head is preferentially activated over its short head. These findings may have implications for the use of the SLB in hamstring injury prevention and rehabilitation programs.
Kontrastmittel
Authors: Erley Christiane
Published: November 2017

Aktuell gilt es, in den nächsten Jahren das akute Nierenversagen (ANV) nach der Gabe jodhaltiger Kontrastmittel (KM) neu und präzise zu
definieren. Hierbei kann es durchaus sein, dass die Entität „contrast-induced nephropathy“ (CIN) oder Kontrastmittelnephrotoxizität als
eigenständiges „Krankheitsbild“ insbesondere bei der Indikation einer KM-Gabe im Rahmen einer CT-Untersuchung nicht mehr aufrechterhalten
werden kann (Stichwort Hintergrundrauschen). Ob sich weitere spezifische Präventionsmaßnamen in den nächsten Jahren erarbeiten lassen und ob
diese wirklich speziell auf die Nierenfunktionsverschlechterung nach KM zielen, bleibt abzuwarten. Unbenommen ist aber, dass ein (wenn auch
nur laborchemisch nachweisbares) Nierenversagen eine für die Patienten äußerst folgenschwere Entwicklung im Hinblick auf seine Mortalität
und Morbidität darstellt. Aktuell kann man lediglich die Empfehlung geben, Risikopatienten (hier v. a. Patienten mit bekannter Einschränkung
der GFR) nicht zu dehydrieren und die zusätzliche Gabe nephrotoxischer Medikamente (v. a. NSAID) bei Kontrastmittelapplikation zu vermeiden.
Spezifische pharmakologische oder therapeutische Interventionen sind aufgrund der derzeitigen Datenlage nicht mit einem hohen Evidenzgrad
belegt. Eine klinisch notwendige Untersuchung (z. B. Koronarangiografie oder kontrastangehobenes CT zur Gefäßdiagnostik) sollte auch
Patienten mit eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion nicht vorenthalten werden. Die Durchführung eines MRT mittels eines gadoliniumhaltigen
Kontrastmittels ist durchaus eine Alternative, wobei hier die neuesten Beobachtungen einer Ablagerung im Hirn bei mehrfacher Applikation
beachtet werden sollte.
2.6 Carboxylation, Carbonylation, and Dehalogenation
Authors: Nelson D.
Published: November 2017

This chapter describes the use of N-heterocyclic carbene–metal complexes in carboxylation, carbonylation, and dehalogenation reactions. Catalysts based on copper, gold, palladium, rhodium, and nickel are considered.