bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Viral ensefalit/menenjit şüpheli hastalarda, Beyin Omurilik Sıvısı Örneklerinde Herpes Simplex Virüslerinin Real–Time PZR ile Araştırılması
Authors: TERZİ Hüseyin Agah , AYDEMİR Özlem , KARAKEÇE Engin , KÖROĞLU Mehmet , ALTINDİŞ Mustafa
Published: December 2018

Amaç

Aseptik
menenjit ve ensefalit olarak iki genel kategoride incelenen santral sinir
sistemi (SSS) viral enfeksiyonları ciddi sonuçları olan ve mutlak erken tanı ve
tedavi gerektiren durumlardır. İnsan Herpes virüslerinin bu enfeksiyonların
etiyolojisinde önemli rolü olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, bölgemizde
viral SSS enfeksiyonları düşünülen olgulardan gönderilen BOS örneklerinde
Herpes Simplex virüsü (HSV-1/2) sıklığı ve incelenen beyin omurilik sıvısı
(BOS) örneklerinin biyokimyasal özelliklerini ve aynı zamanda bakteriyolojik
kültür üremelerinin de irdelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Materyal- metod

Ocak
2016-Aralık 2017 tarihleri arasında laboratuvarımıza gönderilen 110 adet BOS
örneği çalışma kapsamında değerlendirildi. BOS örneklerinden nükleik asit
izolasyonu spin kolon yöntemi ile QIAmp® DNA Mini Kit (Qiagen,
Hamburg, Almanya) kullanılarak yapıldı. Artus® HSV ½ QS-RGQ kiti ve
Rotor-Gene Q 5Plex HRM (Qiagen, Hamburg, Almanya) real-time PZR sistemi
kullanılarak BOS örnekleri HSV yönünden kalitatif olarak incelendi. BOS örneklerinde protein ve glukoz ölçüm
değerleri de kaydedilmiştir. Ayrıca gönderilen BOS örneklerinin eş
zamanlı olarak bakteriyolojik kültürleri de yapıldı.

Bulgular 

Laboratuvarımıza
gönderilen örneklerin 5’inde (% 4.5) HSV-1 pozitif saptanırken, HSV-2 tespit
edilmedi. BOS’un biyokimyasal paremetreleri değerlendirildiğinde; örneklerin 42’sinde (%38) BOS glukoz düzeyleri, 27’sinde ise
(%25) ise BOS protein değerleri normal düzeylerde saptandı. HSV-1 pozitif olan
4 hastanın BOS glukoz düzeyi yüksek bulundu. Protein düzeyi ise 3 hastada
yüksek bulundu. HSV ½ negatif olduğu tespit edilen 8 farklı örnekte kültürde
üreme saptandı.

Sonuç

SSS
enfeksiyonlarında mortalite ve morbidite oranı yüksek olduğundan etkenin çok
hızlı tanımlanması sonrasında spesifik antiviral tedaviye başlanılması hayati
öneme sahiptir. Real-time PZR gibi moleküler testlerin kullanıma girmesi viral
etkenlerin tespitini kolaylaştırmaktadır. Herpes virüslerinin neden olduğu
ensefalit vakaları ile daha sık karşılaşılsa da diğer viral ve bakteriyel
etkenler de akılda tutulmalıdır. Bu nedenle aynı örnekte çok sayıda viral ve
bakteriyel ajanın aynı anda ve kısa sürede saptanabildiği multipleks PZR paneli
gibi moleküler testlerin gerekliliği ön plana çıkmaktadır.
İş yaşam dengesi ve esnek çalışma sisteminin çalışan memnuniyetine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KORUCA Halil İbrahim , BOŞGELMEZ Günseli
Published: December 2018

Özet 

Amaç: Bir hastanesinde çalışanlarının çalışma saatlerinin
düzenlenmesi ile ilgili bir anket çalışması gerçekleştirildi. Çalışmada, mevcut
ve esnek çalışma saati veya iş yaşam dengesi dikkate alındığı bir sisteme
geçilmesi durumunda memnuniyetleri araştırıldı. İş ve özel yaşamları analiz
edilerek, çalışan ve işletme için iş yaşam dengesi acısından değerlendirildi. 

Materyal-Metot: Hastane çalışanlarına esnek çalışma saatleri ve/ veya iş
yaşam dengesine göre, çalışma süresi ve işe başlama saatleri düzenlemesi durumunda
çalışanların memnuniyetleri ve etkileri araştırılmıştır. Hastanede
çalışan sayısı 275 kişi olup, ana kütleyi %50’nin temsil edeceği varsayımı
üzerinden 138 çalışanla yüz yüze görüşme ile anket çalışması gerçekleştirildi. Anketler
SPSS de frekans analizi, Anova testi ve güvenirlilik analizi yapıldı.

Bulgular: Anket
bulgularından, iş yaşam dengesi ile ilgili memnuniyetleri değerlendirildiğinde,
çalışanların %13,8’lik kısmı mevcut çalışma saatleri ve mevkilerinden memnun olmadıkları
anlaşılmaktadır. Çalışanların %41,3’lük kısmı mevcut pozisyonlarından dolayı
aileleriyle aralarında bir problem oluşturmadığı ve %29,7’lik bir kısmı ise
pozisyonlarından dolayı aile ve iş hayatları konusunda sıkıntı yaşadıklarını
ifade etmektedirler. Çalışma saatleri belirlenmesi konusunda fikir ve
önerilerinin alınmadığını çalışanların %66 ifade etmektedir. Çalışma saatlerinin
uygunluğu ile ilgili soruya çalışanların %30 uygun bulurken, %38,4’ü uygun
bulmuyor. Kalan %40,6 çalışan ise kısmen cevabı ile mevcut çalışma saatleri
konusundaki tam anlamıyla memnun olmadıklarını ifade etmektedirler.

Sonuç: Anket
sonuçlarında, hastane yönetimin belirlediği mesai uygulanmasının çalışanlarda memnuniyetsizliğe
neden olduğu ve iş yaşam dengesine olumsuz etkilediği sonucu çıkarılabilir. Çalışanlar
iş yaşam dengesi bakışıyla ailelerine ayrılan verimli zaman yeterli
bulmadıklarını ifade edenlerin oranı %69,6’dır. Ayrıca çalışmandan elde edilen
diğer bir sonuç ise kısmi süreli çalışmadan memnun olacaklarını ifade edenlerin
oranı ise %79,8’dir. İş yaşam dengesi acısından esnek çalışma saatleri olan bir
sistemde çalışmak ister misiniz, sorusuna %92,8 oranında isterim/ olumlu cevap
verdikleri görüldü.  Anket sonuçlarından,
çalışanların büyük bir oranı, mevut çalışma süresi ve çalışma çizelgelemesinden
memnun olmadığı, esnek ve kendilerinin çalışma süresi ve işe başlama saatini
belirleyebileceği çalışma düzenlemesinden memnun olacağı anlaşılmaktadır.
Aplicação do CaO oriundo da casca de ovo de galinha para a produção de biodiesel: uma revisão
Authors: Castro Luciene da Silva , Barañano Audrei Giménez
Published: December 2018

Neste artigo é revisada a síntese do CaO derivado de cascas de ovos, sua aplicação na síntese do biodiesel, a caracterização do biodiesel e os seus desafios de uso. Esse estudo pode ajudar aos pesquisadores a aprimorar ainda mais os estudos existentes, a fim de tornar a utilização do CaO sintetizado de cascas de ovos viável industrialmente, uma vez que é renovável, sustentável e tem se mostrado eficiente e promissor para produção de biodiesel.
University as new entrepreneurial finance player: A search for the new role
Authors: Mariani Giovanna
Published: December 2018

The European strategy is to promote new businesses as a real driver of economic growth, but also to support their growth and resilience. A typical kind of new business is the academic start-up (ASU) that can play a strategic role in their local economy. This paper aims to contribute to the lively debate about the universities policies in entrepreneurial finance. In the first part, it investigates the strengths and weaknesses of academic start-ups and the role that universities have to support them in value creation. The authors tested the research questions on a sample of start-ups of the University of Pisa. The findings show important financial and not-financial goals of academic start-ups. These goals can fuel the dialogue with entrepreneurial finance players. Furthermore, the research shows some ASUs’ vulnerabilities. In conclusion, the role of universities as new entrepreneurial players is discussed.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE ATITUDES INVESTIGATIVA E CIENTÍFICA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO EM UM AMBIENTE INTERATIVO DE APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: Pizzato Michelle Camara , Marques Lediane Chagas , Rocha Patrik De Souza , De Souza Marcelo Diedrich , Escott Clarice Monteiro , Heck Júlio Xandro
Published: December 2018

Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar as características associadas às atitudes investigativa e científica desencadeadas em um Ambiente Interativo de Aprendizagem (AIA) presencial em grupos de estudantes de Educação Básica (Ensino Fundamental e Ensino Médio). Os AIA são ambientes de aprendizagem planejados para oferecer situações-problema e recursos aos participantes, de modo que eles possam, ao interagir com tais recursos, expressar suas ideias e conhecimentos atitudinais a fim de resolver o problema proposto. Para a análise, foram elaborados um conjunto de categorias (atributos) fruto de levantamento bibliográfico em periódicos da área de educação em ciências. Os atributos identificados ao longo das atividades em todos os grupos foram: racionalidade, objetividade, respeito pela evidência, colaboração, precisão, curiosidade, criatividade, mentalidade crítica, ceticismo e parcimônia. Destes, a racionalidade foi identificada como categoria coocorrente a todas as demais. Tais atributos são associados à natureza de cada atividade realizada no AIA, assim como são analisados os atributos não identificados. Os resultados obtidos indicam a validade do AIA como recurso didático propício para o desencadeamento de atitudes investigativa e científica em todos os grupos pesquisados, podendo ter seu impacto ampliado de acordo com a natureza das atividades inscritas nele.
RESOLUÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS EM FÍSICA ENVOLVENDO ESTRATÉGIAS METACOGNITIVAS: ANÁLISE DE PROPOSTAS DIDÁTICAS
Authors: Rosa Cleci Teresinha Werner da , Ghiggi Caroline Maria
Published: December 2018

A metacognição tem recebido atenção especial nos estudos que envolvem a aprendizagem e, aos poucos, vem ocupando espaço no contexto educacional, especialmente por favorecer a autonomia e potencializar a aprendizagem. A partir dessa identificação e tendo por base o estudo de Rosa (2011), que mostrou a pertinência de sua associação com as atividades experimentais em Física, o presente estudo ocupa-se de desenvolver e analisar propostas didáticas que permitam a aproximação desse constructo com a resolução de problemas em Física. O objeto do estudo situa-se em identificar as possibilidades de associar as estratégias metacognitivas com a resolução de problemas em Física, avaliando a sua pertinência didática na voz de futuros professores. Para atingir o objetivo pretendido, o estudo estrutura de distintas formas quatro propostas didáticas de resolução de problemas orientadas pela metacognição e aplica com alunos de um curso de Física - Licenciatura. A análise dos dados coletados permitiu apontar para a viabilidade das quatro propostas didáticas estruturadas e evidenciou que os futuros professores têm uma preocupação em oportunizar a qualificação da aprendizagem de seus futuros alunos e, para isso, se mostram abertos a discutir e analisar alternativas didáticas. Além disso, evidenciou que as propostas podem representar benefícios à aprendizagem, especialmente em termos de contribuir para que os estudantes sejam mais reflexivos e autônomos em suas aprendizagens. Ainda, representou uma oportunidade de aprendizagens de estratégias de ensino que podem ser empregadas nas ações docentes futuras.
Integrated foucault: Another look at discourse and power
Authors: Velinov Marija
Published: December 2018

This paper argues that there is continuity in Foucault?s thought, as opposed
to the common division of his work into three phases, each marking a
distinct field of research - discourse, power, subject. The idea is that
there are no radical turns in his work that justify this division; rather,
there is a shift of focus: all crucial concepts are present (more or less
[in]explicitly) in all periods of his thought and in all of his undoubtedly
differently-toned and oriented works. This is shown through examining the
characteristics of archaeology and genealogy, their relation, as well as the
relation of discursive practices and strategies of power to knowledge. The
retrospective and (re)interpretation intend to shed light on the constant
interplay between concepts that demonstrate continuity in Foucault?s
thought. The viewpoint, based in the integrity of Foucault?s work, offers a
better starting point for understanding certain aspects of his theories.
Atomic mobility in Titanium grade 5 (Ti6Al4V)
Authors: Gierlotka W. , Lothongkum G. , Lohwongwatana B. , Puncreoburt C.
Published: December 2018

Titanium grade 5 (Ti6Al4V) is a modern material that can be found in a wide spectrum of applications, from medicine to aircraft industry. The commercial alloy is a mix of a body centered cubic structure (BCC_A2) and a hexagonal closed packed structure (HCP_A3). It is obvious, that heat treatment of the alloy will change a ratio between BCC_A2 and HCP_A3 and, as a consequence, properties of a material. Information about mobility of atoms in both crystal structures allows simulations and predictions of structures? behavior during the heat treatment and diffusion. In this work the atomic mobility in liquid, BCC_A2, and HCP_A3 phases of ternary alloy Al ? Ti ? V were obtained based on available literature information. Comparison between simulations and experiments shows a good agreement, hence it can be concluded that proposed set of kinetic parameters can be used for predictions and simulations of Titanium grade 5 heat treatment.
Monitoring the antibiotic resistance in the intensive care unit of a multidisciplinary hospital
Authors: Zemko V. Yu. , Okulich V. K. , Dzyadz’ko A. M.
Published: December 2018

Background. Infectious complications remain a serious post-transplant problem and make a major cause of poor outcome. Given the active development of transplant services at a regional level, the problem of infectious complications becomes increasingly important and requires monitoring of the etiological structure and level of antibiotic resistance in each hospital dealing with this problem.

The purpose was to analyze the changes over time in the structure and antimicrobial resistance of the most common pathogens in various nosology, including in patients after organ transplantation, regardless gender and age.

Material and methods. The study included 37,103 patients, of whom 8,091 (21.8%) were treated in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the Vitebsk Regional Clinical Hospital (VRCH) for the period from 2015 to 2017; infectious complications after organ transplantation made 3%. The clinical samples were studied for bacteriology in the Republican Scientific and Practical Center "Infection in Surgery"; 20,280 clinical isolates were investigated.

Results. Staphylococcus aureus (20.96%) dominated in the general structure of microorganisms cultured mainly from the wound surface in thermal burns; meanwhile, in the ICU, gram-negative microflora dominated and was presented with Acinetobacter spp. (22.75%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.74%) in the majority of cases. By 2017, there had been an increase in resistant isolates of Klebsiella spp. (22.87%) and Acinetobacter spp. (23.09%) and a reduction of P. aeruginosa (13.31%) and S. aureus (18.88%) seeding. The protocol of the antibacterial therapy initiation was set up in the ICU of Vitebsk Regional Clinical Hospital, based on the obtained results demonstrating that all S. aureus isolates were sensitive to linezolid, vancomycin and teicoplanin, while P. aeruginosa was sensitive to colistin. All isolated Acinetobacter spp. were sensitive to colistin and 80% of the isolates were sensitive to sulbactam. More than 95% of K. pneumonia isolates were sensitive to colistin and tigecycline.

Conclusion. The current epidemiology is characterized by the prevalence of S. aureus (20.96%) in the overall structure of microorganisms, while Acinetobacter spp. (22.25%) and P. aeruginosa (22.74%) dominate in the ICU. Based on the microbiology study results, the protocol of antibacterial therapy initiation was established in the ICU of Vitebsk Regional Clinical Hospital. It is necessary to monitor the resistance of common microorganisms to certain antibiotics in order to develop algorithms for rational antibacterial treatment in each hospital.
Perception and Causality of Academic Performance and Professional Exercise of Graduates in Accounting and Auditing
Authors: Buele Nugra Irene , Maldonado Dagmar , Cuesta Fabián
Published: December 2018

Universities play an important role in society. Through them professionalization is achieved in different areas that, in one way or another, contribute to the development of a nation. The professional life of a graduate depends in part on the effectiveness, efficacy and efficiency of the university processes and the performance presented during their student life. This study analyzes the variables that characterize student academic performance as they contribute to an adequate professional practice of a graduate in Accounting and Auditing. Through a quantitative and qualitative analysis, graduates in the Accounting and Auditing major from 2007 to 2017 from the Politécnica Salesiana University, an Ecuadorian university, are analyzed. Variables such as: autonomy, marital status, province of origin, family environment, salary, experience and work area, among others are studied. The information collected was obtained through the application of telephone surveys and data extracted from the university computer system; subsequently, this information is evaluated through contingency tables or crosstabs and the case-control study method. Among the main results, it is observed that most graduates do work in their profession, but with a modest remuneration, except for those who work in the banking sector. It is also observed that the quality of the professional practice of a graduate has a direct relationship with their student academic performance and that this academic performance has a relationship with the economic conditions, time availability, study days and marital status that they maintained during their student life. Most graduates do work in the area related to their profession.
From a Divided Library in a Divided City to One Library in Two Houses: A Centennial for a Great European Research Library Reunited and Restored
Authors: Kinney Daniel William
Published: December 2018

The Berlin State Library—Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation probably suffered more from the vicissitudes of the twentieth century than any other German cultural institution. It experienced the destruction of the building and the evacuation and loss of collections.  Like Berlin, it was divided after World War II and was reunited after Berlin was reunited.  In 2018, the library marks a century since the establishment of the Prussian State Library.  But the legacy of the past century remains.  Significant collections are still held in Eastern European libraries and the library must undertake the restitution of books acquired directly or indirectly through Nazi persecution.  This article draws upon resources written in German and English to present the story of an important library that was under duress for much of the twentieth century.  It discusses the impact of different historical eras on the library as a cultural institution and on the documentary heritage embodied in the library's rich collections.  Although problems caused by these events remain, with reunification and restoration, the library is once again serving international scholarship and preserving an important part of the world's documentary heritage.
A Study of the Information Literacy Needs of Social Work Graduate Students at a mid-sized Canadian university
Authors: Magliaro Jelena , Munro Sharon
Published: December 2018

This study consists of an analysis of the information literacy (IL) needs and levels of 44 social work graduate students at a mid-sized Canadian university using the Technology Acceptance Model.  Students completed a quantitative questionnaire that included supplementary open-ended questions.  Results showed that students who received a library tour and/or in-class library instruction were more knowledgeable and confident about library resources and services. The study clearly demonstrates that information literacy sessions should be essential components of graduate education. A comprehensive literature review of information literacy studies focusing on social work students is also provided, along with the current graduate social work modified Beile Test of Information Literacy for Education (B-TILED) assessment tool (Beile O’Neil, 2005).  The authors recommend that information literacy surveys in Canada include the relevant required elements for the Institutional Quality Assurance Process (IQAP) and program learning outcomes.  Given the lack of a Canadian national document for information literacy standards, such surveys should also reflect the components of ACRL’s new Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education.  This study can serve as a model for replication at other universities, particularly those that are part of the Ontario Council of University Libraries and that have graduate social work programs.
New Developments of Chinese Government Publications and Library Collections
Authors: Xue Susan
Published: December 2018

Chinese government publications constitute a significantly large portion of print and digital information output in China. This material genre is critical to the operation of the country, to people’s lives, and therefore, is important to research and scholarly work. Overseas scholars rely heavily on libraries to access and use Chinese government publications, however, collecting this type of materials has been a challenge since the scope of Chinese government publications has not been clear, and the collecting channels have been limited. This paper intends to discuss the scope of Chinese government publications, its availability in digital format, the types of publications library normally collects, and opportunities and challenges in collecting them.
Shared Next Generation ILSs and Academic Library Consortia: Trends, Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Liu Guoying , Fu Ping
Published: December 2018

Next generation Integrated Library Systems (ILSs) have been maturing and adopted by more and more academic libraries. Many academic libraries have joined a consortium to collaboratively move towards a shared next generation ILS that sustains a deeper collaboration. Has this been a trend for academic libraries to share the new system in consortia? This article examines the adoption of the leading products in next generation ILSs to reveal the trend. Two case studies are conducted on A) a pioneer consortial adopter and B) a newly formed partnership on shared next generation ILSs, for further investigations on the impact on consortial members, the challenges the new shared system may cause, and the opportunities it brings to academic library consortia and their members.
Promoting translational research within the global library and information community: access to research dissemination, promotion of timely issues, and professional development through IFLA Journal
Authors: Witt Steve
Published: December 2018

Within the global Library and Information Science profession there is often a disconnect between research and practice.  IFLA Journal seeks to help bridge this gap through an editorial process and publishing mandate that encourages mixed methods approaches to research that engages librarians and their communities in the research and information dissemination process in order to translate research in a manner that helps to shape impactful professional practice and share outcomes with the wider profession.  This article describes ways in which to engage IFLA Journal and participate in some of its ongoing professional development activities.
Finite element model for rectangular hollow section T joints
Authors: Garifullin Marsel , Pajunen Sami , Mela Kristo , Heinisuo Markku
Published: December 2018

Major developments in hardware and software enable researchers and engineers to apply non-linear finite-element analyses to study the behavior of tubular structures. However, to provide reasonable results, constructed finite element models should be verified and validated with experimental data. This article develops a finite element model for high strength steel rectangular hollow section T joints. The joints are considered under in-plane bending moment and axial brace loading. The paper determines the most suitable finite elements and the number of layers in the thickness direction for the numerical assessment of initial stiffness and modeling the whole action-deformation behavior of joints. Finally, the proposed FE model is validated with the series of experimental tests. The validation shows that the developed model properly captures the local behavior of tubular joints and can efficiently serve as a reliable tool in routine numerical analyses.
Comparative Analysis of Signal Strength of Some Cellular Networks in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Authors: Bakare Bodunrin Isa , Ngeri T. E. , Orike Sunny
Published: December 2018

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the Received Signal Strength (RSS) measurement of some cellular networks in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Measurements were carried out using Radio Frequency Signal Tracker to determine received signal of three selected Global System for Mobile Communication networks (MTN, Airtel and Globalcom) at five strategic locations (Borokiri, Old Government Residential Area, Rivers State University, Ikwerre Road and Aba Road) in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. From the results obtained it shows that in Borokiri MTN has the highest received signal strength of -61.9dBm, Old GRA Airtel has the highest received signal strength of -61.3dBm, RSU and Ikwerre Road Globalcom has the highest received signal strength of -68.3dBm and -64.9dBm respectively while for Aba Road MTN has the highest received signal strength of -63.0dBm. In all the measurements, the results were analyzed using least square method and standard deviation to approximate the measurement data and path loss model was developed using ordinary least square regression technique.
Clustering and Resilience in Cloud Video Conference Solutions
Authors: Kaul Siddarth
Published: December 2018

The paper proposes to clearly elaborate the usefulness and necessity of clustering and Resilience in Video Conferencing with Cloud Computing it deeply focuses on key areas of how the video conferencing solutions in cloud environment are positioned with an intense resilience on failover and innovations in new technologies for reduced infrastructure usage and less down time with new features availability in cloud environment. The paper also proposes to give a new insight in the various other functions of cloud computing terminologies like Virtualization and Grid Computing in the cloud.
Akkoyunluların Mezhepsel Eğilimleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Sohrabiabad Hamidreza
Published: December 2018

XIV. yüzyılın ortalarına doğru güçlü bir politik ve toplumsal organizasyon olarak vücut bulan Bayındır oymağı, bu suretle genel itibariyle Türkmenlerden oluşan diğer oymakları etrafına toplayarak bir yüz yıl sonra Orta Çağ Türk tarihinin en önemli devletlerinden biri olmayı başarmıştır. Böylece kurulan Akkoyunlu Devleti, yaklaşık yüz elli yıllık hayatı boyunca yarattığı siyasi gelenek ile coğrafyada kendisinden sonra hakimiyet kuran Türk devletlerine de temel hazırlamıştır.

Bu çerçevede, söz konusu devletin iyi idrak edilmesi; devlet geleneği düzleminde ortaya koyduğu tradisyonun anlaşılması Türk devlet tarihinin lineer olarak anlamlandırılmasına imkân sağlayacaktır. Dolayısıyla Akkoyunlulardan sonra aynı coğrafyada hakimiyet kuran devlet veya devletlerin ortaya çıkış nedenleri, iç dinamikleri, devletçilik esasları ve genel bir ifade ile Türkmen insanının zihinsel dünyası billurlaşacaktır.

Çalışmamızda çizilen resimde yön verici temel unsurlardan biri inanç dünyası olarak görülmektedir. Zira her ülkede ve toplumsal katmanda olduğu gibi Akkoyunlu kültürünün de esas ögelerinden birini dinî algılar ve mezhepsel eğilimler teşkil etmektedir.

Şimdiye kadar araştırmacılar genel olarak Akkoyunluları Sünni olarak nitelendirmiş, bununla da kalmayıp hükümdarlarını samimi, katı, hatta mutaassıp Sünni olarak tasvir etmiştir. Söz konusu araştırmacılar tezlerini destekleyen bulgular ileri sürmüşse de gerekçeler ve bulguların büyük bölümü Akkoyunlu ile diğer devletlerin siyasi ilişkilerine dayandırılmış ve varılan sonuçlar ister istemez esas gerçekten sapma yoluna girmiştir. Diğer taraftan anılan araştırmacılar genel itibariyle devlet ve yönetici nezdindeki resmî mezhebe odaklanmıştır.

Bu çalışmada bugüne değin gerçekleştirilen tasvirlerin dışına çıkılmaya çalışılmıştır. İleri sunulan tezler ele alınarak, bir devletin inançsal özelliklerinin siyasi bağlantılar üzerinden tespit edilmesinin sağlıklı sonuçlara ulaşmadaki payı incelenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra Akkoyunluların hakimiyet döneminde özellikle Diyarbakır Vilayeti örneğinden yola çıkarak halkta ve özellikle Türkmenler nezdinde dini eğilimler tetkik edilmiştir.

İnceleme, mevcut bina edilmiş bakış açısına kıyasla tarihi veriler ve son dönemlerde ortaya konulan resmî belgeler vasıtasıyla Akkoyunlu hükümdarlarının halk Müslümanlığı/ Ön Kızılbaş-Aleviliğe eğilimli olduklarını ve ayrıca bu devletin omurgasını teşkil eden Türkmenlerin zikredilen inanç sistemine ciddi biçimde bağlı olduklarını da göstermeye çalışmaktadır. Ki bu vasıtayla Safevî Devletinin inançsal özellikleri bağlamında Türk devlet geleneğinin bir devamı olduğunu da düşünmek mümkündür.
Introduction
Authors: Pisano Raffaele , Vincent Philippe
Published: December 2018

IntroductionMethods and Cognitive Modelling in theHistory and Philosophy of Science–&–Education
PENENTUAN DAERAH RAWAN BENCANA SAMBARAN PETIR DI WILAYAH KABUPATEN DAN KOTA BANDUNG JAWA BARAT
Authors: SUSANTO ERWAN
Published: December 2018

Petir merupakan salah satu fenomena alam yang sangat berbahaya karena besarnya energi yang dikeluarkan setiap kali petir menyambar bisa mencapai jutaan volt. Besarnya energi tersebut dapat menghancurkan apa saja yang disambarnya. Kejadian petir, khususnya petir tipe CGselalu bersinggungan dengan aktivitas manusia sehingga tidak jarang petir menyebabkan kerugian material atau bahkan menyebabkan kematian. Kabupaten dan Kota Bandung merupakan pusat pemerintahan dari Provinsi Jawa Barat dengan jumlah penduduk yang sangat padat sehingga harus mengantisipasi bencana yang mungkin terjadi untuk meminimalisir kerugian yang ditimbulkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data petir tipe CG (Cloud to Ground) tahun 2017 hasil rekaman sensor Lightning Detector BMKG Stasiun Geofisika Kelas I Bandung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daerah yang rawan terhadap bencana sambaran petir di Kabupaten dan Kota Bandung. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan mampu menjadi informasi bagi pemerintah dan masyarakat khususnya di wilayah Kabupaten dan  Kota Bandung untuk mengantisipasi bencana sambaran petir. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis spasial dengan metode classtering. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada 4 kecamatan yang  rawan bencanaa sambaran petir yaitu Kecamataan Lembang, Cisarua, Cipeundeuy dan Cikalong Wetan.
HASRAT PENGARANG DALAM NOVEL A THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS: PERSPEKTIF LACANIAN
Authors: Ulya Afriani , Pujiharto Pujiharto
Published: December 2018

This study reveals the author's desire in Khaled Hosseini's A Thousand Splendid Suns, which represents the author's desires as a subject who lacks and desires to obtain identity. This study will answer two questions: (1) How does Khaled Hosseini's desire manifested in A Thousand Splendid Suns; (2) What is Khaled Hosseini’s "desire-to-be" and "desire-to-have" that manifested in A Thousand Splendid Suns. This study was conducted using theory and method of Lacanian psychoanalysis. Lacanian psychoanalysis discusses human desire through language (signifier) with metaphor and metonymy mechanisms. The results prove that A Thousand Splendid Suns is a manifestation of desires and lack that exist in Khaled Hosseini as the author through desire to exist (narcissistic) and desire to possess (anaclitic)
Screening post-menopausal women for bone mineral level by bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy of dominant arm
Authors: Öztürk Nermin , Ozturk-Isik Esin , Ülgen Yekta
Published: December 2018

Dominant arm bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) and lumbar and hip dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements were conducted simultaneously on 48 post-menopausal women, aged between 43 and 86 years, with no hip or arm fracture history at Department of Radiology of Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Hospital. According to lumbar DXA results, 21 women were classified as normal, 22 as osteopenia and 5 as osteoporosis; whereas hip DXA results classified 30 women as normal, 15 as osteopenia and 3 as osteoporosis. Only 26 participants had identical lumbar and hip bone mineral density (BMD) diagnostic results. Dominant arm characteristic frequencies of normal subjects were statistically significantly different from osteoporotic subjects based on both lumbar (p < 0.005) and hip classification groups (p < 0.001). Hip and lumbar spine DXA BMD values were significantly correlated (r = 0.55, p < 0.005). The dominant arm BIS characteristic frequency, considered as the single predictor in earlier diagnosis of osteoporosis, was found negatively correlated with DXA measurements for both hip and lumbar spine regions. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient of BIS values with the hip DXA values (r = -0.53, p < 0.001) was higher than that of lumbar spine (r = -0.37, p < 0.001). In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the best discrimination of dominant arm characteristic frequency was made between normal and osteoporotic subjects based on the hip subgroups (p < 0.001). Both lumbar bone mineral content (BMC) (r = -0.47, p < 0.001) and hip BMC (r = -0.4340, p < 0.005) were statistically significantly correlated with dominant arm characteristic frequency.
Electrodermal activity responses for quantitative assessment of felt pain
Authors: Bari Dindar S. , Aldosky Haval Y. Yacoob , Tronstad Christian , Kalvøy Håvard , Martinsen Ørjan G.
Published: December 2018

Accurate assessment of experienced pain is a well-known problem in the clinical practices. Therefore, a proper method for pain detection is highly desirable. Electrodermal activity (EDA) is known as a measure of the sympathetic nervous system activity, which changes during various mental stresses. As pain causes mental stress, EDA measures may reflect the felt pain. This study aims to evaluate changes in skin conductance responses (SCRs), skin potential responses (SPRs), and skin susceptance responses (SSRs) simultaneously as a result of sequences of electrical (painful) stimuli with different intensities. EDA responses as results of painful stimuli were recorded from 40 healthy volunteers. The stimuli with three different intensities were produced by using an electrical stimulator. EDA responses significantly changed (increased) with respect to the intensity of the stimuli. Both SCRs and SSRs showed linear relationship with the painful stimuli. It was found that the EDA responses, particularly SCRs (p < 0.001) and SSRs (p = 0.001) were linearly affected by the intensity of the painful stimuli. EDA responses, in particular SCRs, may be used as a useful indicator for assessment of experienced pain in clinical settings.
Design of current sources for load common mode optimization
Authors: Sirtoli Vinicius G , Morcelles Kaue F , Vincence Volney C
Published: December 2018

Bioimpedance measurement systems often use the Howland current sources to excite the biological material under study. Usually, difference or instrumentation amplifiers are used to measure the resulting voltage drop on this material. In these circuits, common mode voltage appears as artifacts in the measurement. Most researches on current sources are focused on improving the output impedance, letting other characteristics aside. In this paper, it is made a brief review on the load common mode voltage and output swing of various topologies of Howland current sources. Three circuits are proposed to reduce load common mode voltage and enhance load capability by using a fully differential amplifier as active component. These circuits are equated, simulated and implemented. The three proposed circuits were able to deliver an output current with cut-off frequency (-3dB) higher than 1 MHz for loads as big as 4.7 kΩ. The worst measured load common mode voltage was smaller than 24 mV for one of the circuits and smaller than 8 mV for the other two. Consequently, it could be obtained increases in the Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) up to 60 dB when compared to the Enhanced Howland Current Source (EHCS).
Systematic variability in ICG recordings results in ICG complex subtypes – steps towards the enhancement of ICG characterization
Authors: Benouar Sara , Hafid Abdelakram , Attari Mokhtar , Kedir-Talha Malika , Seoane Fernando
Published: December 2018

The quality of an impedance cardiography (ICG) signal critically impacts the calculation of hemodynamic parameters. These calculations depend solely on the identification of ICG characteristic points on the ABEXYOZ complex. Unfortunately, contrary to the relatively constant morphology of the PQRST complex in electrocardiography, the waveform morphology of ICG data is far from stationary, which causes difficulties in the accuracy of the automated detection of characteristic ICG points. This study evaluated ICG recordings obtained from 10 volunteers. The results indicate that there are several different waveforms for the ABEXYOZ complex; there are up to five clearly distinct waveforms for the ABEXYOZ complex in addition to those that are typically reported. The differences between waveform types increased the difficulty of detecting ICG points. To accurately detect all ICG points, the ABEXYOZ complex should be analyzed according to the corresponding waveform type.
PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KERJA NON FISIK TERHADAP MOTIVASI INTRINSIK DAN KEPUASAN KERJA DI DINAS PENDAPATAN DAERAH BADUNG
Authors: Sentosa I Made Handy , Riana I Gede
Published: December 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh lingkungan kerja non fisik terhadap motivasi intrinsik dan kepuasan kerja karyawan, serta pengaruh pengaruh motivasi intrinsik terhadap kepuasan kerja  karyawan di Dinas Pendapatan Daerah Badung. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan sekunder. Populasi yang akan digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 187 orang karyawan. Sampel pada penelitian adalah keseluruhan populasi sebagai sampelnya. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis jalur (path analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lingkungan kerja non fisik memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja pada pegawai di dinas pendapatan Daerah Badung Mangusada. Lingkungan kerja non fisik memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap motivasi intrinsik pada pegawai di dinas pendapatan Daerah Badung Mangusada. Motivasi intrinsik memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja pada pegawai di dinas pendapatan Daerah Badung Mangusada.
Authors: Pradnyantara Kadek Ery , Sintaasih Desak Ketut
Published: December 2018

The low organizational commitment reflects the lack of responsibilities of employees in performing their duties. The purpose of this research is to know and analyze the influence of organizational justice and employee empowerment toward organizational commitment at PT. Destination Asia. Population in this research is all employees of PT. Destination Asia in Bali totaling 56 people. The method of determining the sample used in this study is the census technique that is the technique of determining the sample when all members of the population used as a sample, so the sample of this study is selurh operational employees who work PT. Destination Asia. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis techniques to examine the effect of organizational justice and employee empowerment to organizational commitment of employees of PT. Destination Asia. The results showed that organizational fairness and empowerment of employees have a positive and significant impact on organizational commitment of employees of PT. Destination Asia. The results of the questionnaire show that indicators of normative commitment, distributive equity indicators, and impact indicators relate to a person's confidence in their abilities.
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN MEN UNDER 60 YEARS OLD WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND RENAL DYSFUNCTION IN DIFFERENT SEASONS OF A YEAR
Authors: Godienko A. V. , Lukichev B. G. , Sotnikov A. V. , Nosovich D. V. , Chertisheva A. A. , Epifanov S. Yu. , Godina Z. N. , Thang Nguyen Van
Published: December 2018

THE AIM. Investigation of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk factors prevalence in men under 60 years old with myocardial infarction (MI) and renal dysfunction depending on a year season for enhanced prevention and treatment management of aforementioned target population.

PATIENTS AND METHODS. In-patient treatment results analyses of 412 men in total under 60 y.o. with MI for the period of 2000-2015 indicated that within primary 48 hours from the MI onset 61 patients were having 30-59 mL/min/1,73 m2 estimated glomerular filtration rate (CKD-EPI 2009, modification 2011) and 351 patients were having more than 60 mL/min/1,73 m2 respectively. Collection of supplemental information about MI promotive conditions and disease triggers was done with their manifestation rate comparison in groups of patients with renal dysfunction (RD) and normal CKDEPI. Seasonal differences evaluation was performed with separation of events by climatic time intervals based on mean daily air temperature changes in St. Petersburg, Russia.

RESULTS. RD was observed in 14.8% of the examined cases. The frequency of its detection prevailed in the spring and winter (22% each) seasons. Arterial hypertension (AH), mild obesity, hypertensive crisis events, frequent colds occurrences were noted to be detected more frequently in patients with the RD. Moderate obesity along with Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) manifestations depending from a year season were noted less frequently. In first hours from a MI onset, RD patients demonstrated expressed dyslipidemia evidences due to hypertriglyceridemia and elevated levels of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL).

CONCLUSIONS. AH was noted to be the main cause of DP in men under 60 years old in their initial hours from the IM onset. Its presence in combination with frequent colds predisposition, regardless of diabetes and obesity presence in spring and winter attributes RD development risk in MI acute period. Dyslipidemia is indicative for this type of patients, and that brings the need to assess triglyceride and VLDL blood levels.
ÇOK DÜŞÜK DOĞUM AĞIRLIKLI YENİDOĞANLARDA KONJENİTAL HİPOTİROİDİ VE PREMATÜRE RETİNOPATİSİ İLİŞKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: Çakır Ufuk , Tayman Cüneyt , Büyüktiryaki Mehmet
Published: December 2018

Amaç: Prematüre
retinopatisi (PR), çocukluk çağında körlüğe neden olabilen başlıca prematürelerin
retinasında meydana gelen vazoproliferatif bir hastalıktır. Çalışmamızda çok
düşük doğum ağırlıklı (ÇDDA) prematürelerde konjenital hipotiroidinin (KH)
PR’si üzerine etkisi ve PR için risk faktörlerine bakılması amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem:
Çalışma
51 aylık dönem boyunca yatan ÇDDA bebeklerde geriye dönük tıbbi kayıtların
değerlendirilmesi neticesinde gerçekleştirildi. Hastalar KH tanısı ve lazer
fotokoagülasyon tedavisi gerektiren PR olmasına göre gruplara ayrıldı.Bulgular: Çalışmaya 621 hasta dahil edildi. Bunlar arasında, 5.
gün tiroid fonksiyon testi (TFT) sonucu olan, postnatal 1. ayda hem sağ kalan
hem TFT sonucu olan hem de PR muayenesi yapılabilen 534 hasta ile çalışma
sonlandırıldı. Konjenital hipotiroidi olan grupta (n=23) PR oranı %26,1 (n=6),
KH olmayan grupta (n=511) PR oranı %10,9 (n=56) olarak tespit edildi.Konjenital
hipotiroidi olan ve olmayan gruplar arasında PR açısından anlamlı fark tespit
edilmedi (p=0.077). Prematüre retinopatisi için risk faktörleri başlıca, düşük
gebelik haftası, doğum ağırlığı, düşük 1. ve 5. dakika Apgar skoru, uzun
mekanik ventilasyon ve oksijen destek süresi, respiratuvar distres sendromu,
intraventriküler kanama, bronkopulmoner displazi, hemodinamik anlamlı patent
duktus arteriosus ve geç neonatal sepsis olarak bulunmuştur. PR’i olan grupta
serbest tiroksin (sT4) düzeyi daha düşük, tiroid stimülan hormon (TSH) düzeyi
daha yüksek bulunmuştur (sırasıyla, p=0.002; 0.047).Sonuç: KH’nin PR üzerine etkisi bulunmamıştır. Ancak,
PR’si üzerine prematüreliğin getirdiği diğer riskler daha etkili bulunmuştur.
PR’si olan infantlarda sT4 daha düşük, TSH daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Tiroid
hormonlarının anjiyogenezis üzerine etkisi olduğundan, PR ve tiroid hormonları
ilişkisi açısından daha başka çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ALLIUM ROSENBACHIANUM (SIYOHALAF) AND THE ALLIUM GIANT REGEL (MOKHDIL) IN IMPROVING POPULATION HEALTH
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology at Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Ishankulova Buston , Halilova Shahnoza ,   Department of Pharmacology at Avicenna Tajik State Medical University
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to the Amaryllidaceae family in particular to the following species such as allium Rosenbachianum, popularly known as «siyohalaf», and allium giant Regel known as «mokhdil». These plants are seasonal and grow mostly in the mountainous areas of the Republic of Tajikistan. The places of highest growth of «siyohalaf» and «mokhdil» are described in detail. Their botanical description has been provided. The green leaves of these plants contain a bouquet of organic acids, carotene, a number of vitamins and other biologically active substances. According to the traditional medicine of Central Asia, particularly in mountainous regions, these plants are considered as a food product and prescribed to normalize fat metabolism and digestion processes.
CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTINODULAR EUTHYROID GOITER
Authors:   Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Gulov Mahmadshoh , Rasulov Abdullodjon ,   Department of General Surgery № 1, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Nurov Zoirsho ,   Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Soliev Holmurod ,   Department of Consultative and Diagnostic Medicine of City Clinical Hospital № 5 named after Academician Tadjiev К.Т.
Published: December 2018

Objective: To study the structure and the rate of multinodular euthyroid goiter (MEG) based on the results of postoperative histological examination. Methods: The study is based on investigation which included 63 patients operated at the Department of General Surgery, in Local Clinical Hospital №5 named after Academician Tadjiev К.Т. in the period of 2014-2016 years. MEG comprised 42 (66.7%) cases from the total number of patients. There were 3 (7.2%) of men and 39 (92.8%) of women among the patients with MEG. The age of patients varied from 18 to 77 years, averaged to 48.3±12.9 years. Results: The current study presents the clinicopathological finding and the rate of MEG before operation, on data of objective and instrumental methods, and after surgery, based on the results of histological study. The obtained results demonstrated that the rate of MEG before operation was 66.7 %, and after histological study comprised to 30.1 %. In the rest of the cases it was presented by nodular or diffuse goiter. Conclusions: In data base of clinicopathological finding of MEG the leading place belongs to the colloid goiter possessing various degree of proliferation. The rate of MEG considerably smaller after the histological study, as in certain cases under the mask of the MEG the nodular and/or diffuse goiter undergoes surgery. Keywords: Multinodular goiter,