bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment and Outcomes of Missed Perilunate Dislocations: A Case Series
Authors: Pelrine Eliza , Larson Eric , Freilich Aaron , Dacus A. Rashard , Deal Nicole
Published: May 2023

Background Perilunate dislocations are devastating injuries that occur relatively rarely, accounting for only 7% of injuries to the carpus. Unfortunately, approximately 25% of these injuries are missed on initial evaluation. Acutely diagnosed perilunate dislocations may be successfully treated with ligament and osseous repair, depending on the injury pattern. Chronic dislocations, however, are primarily treated with salvage procedures. This case series was performed to investigate the outcomes of patients who sustained a perilunate dislocation that was diagnosed in a delayed fashion and look for any treatment patterns that could be more widely applied to future patients.

Methods Patients presenting to a single institution between 2016 and 2018 with a perilunate injury that either presented in a delayed fashion or was missed on initial assessment were identified and their characteristics were evaluated. The surgical management of these patients was assessed as was their postoperative course at their 2-week, 6-week, 3-month, and 6-month clinic follow-up visits.

Results Eight patients were identified with perilunate dislocations that were diagnosed in a delayed fashion. On average, these dislocations were diagnosed 133 days following the date of injury. All patients were males and 7/8 of them were between 17 and 20 years of age at the time of their injury (mean age: 25.5). They were treated with either primary repair, wrist fusion, proximal row carpectomy, or scaphoid excision and four-corner fusion (SEFCF). Both pain and range of motion improved following surgical management of these injuries.

Conclusion Perilunate dislocations are rare injuries that are notorious for being diagnosed late, at which point primary repair is oftentimes no longer feasible. Salvage procedures are able to improve the range of motion and pain of patients who are found to have chronic dislocations. Our case series highlights the importance of treating each missed perilunate injury individually and avoiding a “one-size-fits-all” approach.
Extrinsic anomalous Hall effect in van der Waals ferromagnet Fe5GeTe2
Authors: Suzuki Ryuki , Gao Tenghua , Nakayama Hiroki , Ando Kazuya
Published: May 2023

We investigate the anomalous Hall effect in a van der Waals material Fe5GeTe2. We find a distinct difference in the temperature dependence of the anomalous Hall effect associated with the evolution of magnetic states in Fe5GeTe2 films. In the low-temperature region, the anomalous Hall conductivity changes with the longitudinal conductivity, which highlights the substantial contribution from the extrinsic mechanism. The extracted skew scattering coefficient in the Fe5GeTe2 films is an order of magnitude larger than that in transition metal ferromagnets. This result sheds light on the role of the extrinsic mechanism in the anomalous Hall effect in van der Waals magnets.
Memristor bridge synapse for better artificial neuron perceptron
Authors: Wang Nuo , Li Lei , Chen Yulong , Wang Hongyu , Yang Zheming , Long Dingyu
Published: May 2023

In artificial neural networks, the fourth passive element memristor can be utilized as an electronic synapse that serves as the interface between neurons. The artificial neuron composed of the memristor bridge synapse not only has the characteristics of low power consumption and high integration but also has a more simplified circuit and weight change conditions. Particularly, it has the ability of bionic intelligent information processing. This paper established two novel synaptic structures on the basis of memristor bridges (type 1 and type 2) and then synthetically analyzed how to realize the artificial neuron perceptron. Herein, the artificial synapses (type 1 and type 2) have the following characteristics: continuous changes in synaptic weights (positive, negative, and zero) and memory properties. Among them, the type 2 memristor bridge has the advantage of a wider range of weight updates for the synaptic circuit, which can realize the function of the artificial neuron perceptron with less error. This work lays the foundation for the future exploitation of artificial intelligence.
Interfacial band parameters of ultrathin ALD-ZrO2 on Ga-polar GaN through XPS measurements
Authors: Qiu Shuoyang , Gong Jiarui , Zhou Jie , Ng Tien Khee , Singh Ranveer , Sheikhi Moheb , Ooi Boon S. , Ma Zhenqiang
Published: May 2023

Recent demonstrations of grafted p-n junctions combining n-type GaN with p-type semiconductors have shown great potential in achieving lattice-mismatch epitaxy-like heterostructures. Ultrathin dielectrics deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) serve both as a double-sided surface passivation layer and a quantum tunneling layer. On the other hand, with excellent thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties, ZrO2 serves as a high-k gate dielectric material in multiple applications, which is also of potential interest to applications in grafted GaN-based heterostructures. In this sense, understanding the interfacial band parameters of ultrathin ALD-ZrO2 is of great importance. In this work, the band-bending of Ga-polar GaN with ultrathin ALD-ZrO2 was studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This study demonstrated that ZrO2 can effectively suppress upward band-bending from 0.88 to 0.48 eV at five deposition cycles. The bandgap values of ALD-ZrO2 at different thicknesses were also carefully studied.
Magnetic detection of underdriven USV track adaptive tracking in complex marine environment control algorithm research
Authors: Li Yi , Liu Zhongle , Wen Wudi
Published: May 2023

In marine magnetic detection, in order to improve the accuracy of the measurement data of the field, to consider the impact of the storm interference environment, and to design a weakly driven USV tracking control system, it is necessary to drive the USV in a complex marine environment to determine the accuracy and stability of tracking. First, a 3-degrees of freedom mathematical model is built and decoupled by virtue of coordinate transformation to rely only on the absolute geographic velocity. Second, the variable forward-looking distance integral line-of-sight method is used to design the guidance law and stabilize the course tracking error. Moreover, sliding mode control is adopted to design the heading and velocity virtual control law and stabilize the heading angle and longitudinal velocity errors. Third, an adaptive observer is designed by introducing tracking errors to estimate the interference. The algorithm effectively improves the accuracy and reduces the oscillation during convergence. In the end, theoretical analysis and simulation experiments are carried out to confirm whether the proposed method is effective and advanced.
Dynamic surface stress field of the pure liquid–vapor interface subjected to the cyclic loads
Authors: Yu Zhiyong , Lv Songtai , Zhang Xin , Liang Hongtao , Xie Wei , Yang Yang
Published: May 2023

We demonstrate a methodology for computationally investigating the mechanical response of a pure molten lead surface system to the lateral mechanical cyclic loads and try to answer the following question: how does the dynamically driven liquid surface system follow the classical physics of the elastic-driven oscillation? The steady-state oscillation of the dynamic surface tension (or excess stress) under cyclic load, including the excitation of high-frequency vibration mode at different driving frequencies and amplitudes, was compared with the classical theory of a single-body driven damped oscillator. Under the highest studied frequency (50 GHz) and amplitude (5%) of the load, the increase of in (mean value) dynamic surface tension could reach ∼5%. The peak and trough values of the instantaneous dynamic surface tension could reach (up to) 40% increase and (up to) 20% decrease compared to the equilibrium surface tension, respectively. The extracted generalized natural frequencies seem to be intimately related to the intrinsic timescales of the atomic temporal–spatial correlation functions of the liquids both in the bulk region and in the outermost surface layers. These insights uncovered could be helpful for quantitative manipulation of the liquid surface using ultrafast shockwaves or laser pulses.
Dipolar relaxation, conductivity, and polar order in AgCN
Authors: Lunkenheimer P. , Loidl A. , Johari G. P.
Published: May 2023

By using dielectric spectroscopy in a broad range of temperatures and frequencies, we have investigated dipolar relaxations, the dc conductivity, and the possible occurrence of polar order in AgCN. The conductivity contributions dominate the dielectric response at elevated temperatures and low frequencies, most likely arising from the mobility of the small silver ions. In addition, we observe the dipolar relaxation dynamics of the dumbbell-shaped CN− ions, whose temperature dependence follows the Arrhenius behavior with a hindering barrier of 0.59 eV (57 kJ/mol). It correlates well with a systematic development of the relaxation dynamics with the cation radius, previously observed in various alkali cyanides. By comparison with the latter, we conclude that AgCN does not exhibit a plastic high-temperature phase with free rotation of the cyanide ions. Instead, our results indicate that a phase with quadrupolar order, revealing dipolar head-to-tail disorder of the CN− ions, exists at elevated temperatures up to the decomposition temperature, which crosses over to long-range polar order of the CN dipole moments below about 475 K. Dipole ordering was also reported for NaCN and KCN, and a comparison with these systems suggests a critical relaxation rate of 105–107 Hz, marking the onset of dipolar order in the cyanides. The detected relaxation dynamics in this order–disorder type polar state points to glasslike freezing below about 195 K of a fraction of non-ordered CN dipoles.
Effect of Li–Si composites on electrochemical properties of silicon-based anode materials
Authors: Bo Ding , Zhu Li Ming , Zhou Ma Yang , Long Guan Xiu
Published: May 2023

Metal silicides are considered promising candidates for the replacement of graphite due to their larger capacity than graphite used in Li-ion batteries. In this work, a type of lithium silicide composite material consisting of LixSi, graphite (G), and porous carbon (PC) together with carbon coating treatment, denoted as (LS-G-PC)@C, was prepared by high-energy ball milling and subsequent pitch pyrolysis. This type of material is used as a pre-lithiation additive to improve the initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of Si-based anodes. The microstructural characteristic of (LS-G-PC)@C composite material was analyzed by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical properties were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and capacity cycling tests. It has been found that the irregular particles of LS compounds are uniformly dispersed on the graphite sheet, which constitutes an effective conductive network together with PC. The addition of a 5 wt. % (LS-G-PC)@C pre-lithiation additive makes the ICE of a low ICE silicon-based composite material increase by 16%. At a current density of 100 mA g−1, the discharge capacity retention rate of the silicon-based composite increased from 86.1% to 91% after the 19th cycle, showing good cycle stability. Further work is to add higher levels of our pre-lithiation additive in order to improve the ICE significantly.
Complexities in the structural evolution with pressure of water–ammonia mixtures
Authors: Berni Selene , Scelta Demetrio , Fanetti Samuele , Bini Roberto
Published: May 2023

The structural evolution with pressure of icy mixtures of simple molecules is a poorly explored field despite the fundamental role they play in setting the properties of the crustal icy layer of the outer planets and of their satellites. Water and ammonia are the two major components of these mixtures, and the crystal properties of the two pure systems and of their compounds have been studied at high pressures in a certain detail. On the contrary, the study of their heterogeneous crystalline mixtures whose properties, due to the strong N–H⋯O and O–H⋯N hydrogen bonds, can be substantially altered with respect to the individual species has so far been overlooked. In this work, we performed a comparative Raman study with a high spatial resolution of the lattice phonon spectrum of both pure ammonia and water–ammonia mixtures in a pressure range of great interest for modeling the properties of icy planets’ interiors. Lattice phonon spectra represent the spectroscopic signature of the molecular crystals’ structure. The activation of a phonon mode in plastic NH3-III attests to a progressive reduction in the orientational disorder, which corresponds to a site symmetry reduction. This spectroscopic hallmark allowed us to solve the pressure evolution of H2O–NH3–AHH (ammonia hemihydrate) solid mixtures, which present a remarkably different behavior from the pure crystals likely to be ascribed to the role of the strong H-bonds between water and ammonia molecules characterizing the crystallites’ surface.
Effects of the Child Dental Benefits Schedule on dental hospitalisation rates in Australian children
Authors: Aminian Parmis , Kruger Estie , Tennant Marc
Published: May 2023

Objective The Child Dental Benefits Schedule (CDBS) was introduced in 2014, and its aim was to support access to dental care for eligible children in Australia. Dental caries, and pulp and periapical diseases were the major dental reasons for children’s hospitalisations. This study investigated if the availability of the CDBS had any effects on hospitalisation rates in Australian children. Methods This study was a retrospective analysis of Medicare data from the Australian Government and the hospitalisation data from The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) from 2008 (6 years before the commencement of the CDBS) to 2020 (6 years after the commencement of the CDBS). Results Although the hospitalisation rate trend was reducing before the CDBS started (2008–14), this reduction was not statistically significant. The reduction of hospitalisation rates was higher after the commencement of the CDBS (2014–20) and was statistically significant, but the regression model analysis showed a positive correlation between the CDBS and hospitalisation rate. The analysis without ‘abnormal’ year data (2019–20, COVID-19 pandemic year) supported no statistically significant decrease in hospitalisation rate after the commencement of the CDBS in 2014 until 2019. Conclusion Although the CDBS is improving access to dental care for eligible children, any possible effects the CDBS might have on hospitalisations are not yet evident.
Long-term effects of extensive grazing on pasture productivity
Authors: Grinnell Natascha A. , Komainda Martin , Tonn Bettina , Hamidi Dina , Isselstein Johannes
Published: May 2023

Context In grazed grassland, the per area output of animal-source products usually declines with decreasing stocking rates because of lower herbage utilisation efficiency. Consequently, nutrient export is larger with increased stocking intensity, which should decrease the productivity in the long term. However, little information is available on long-term productivity of extensive grasslands under varied stocking intensities receiving no input. Aims The effect of stocking intensity was investigated in a long-term grazing trial over 16 years of production. We hypothesised that, despite minimal nutrient export under grazing, no reduction in productivity occurs over long-term periods, but expected an interaction between stocking intensity and year. Method The net pasture productivity was determined in terms of animal performance assessed from Fleckvieh cows grazing in a randomised block design with three replicates in three different stocking intensities (moderate, lenient, and very lenient, corresponding to stocking rates of 1.1, 0.7, and 0.5 livestock unit/ha.year respectively), recorded from 2005 to 2020. Metabolisable energy in GJ/ha.year (MEtotal) provided by the pasture and the livestock unit grazing days/ha.year (LUGD, 1LU = 500 kg) were calculated on the basis of liveweight measurements. Key results The interaction of year and treatment significantly affected LUGD (F = 16.85, d.f. = 30, P < 0.0001) and MEtotal (F = 12.81, d.f. = 30, P < 0.0001) and indicated a cyclic trajectory with increases and decreases in performance over the study years. Overall, the moderate stocking intensity led to and maintained significantly higher performance than did very lenient grazing of up to 60% and 55% in LUGD and MEtotal respectively. However, structural equation modelling indicated a negative temporal trend irrespective of stocking intensity. Conclusions On the basis of existing data of herbage quality and botanical composition from the same experiment, this trend was likely to be a result of nutrient redistribution within pastures that probably changed the botanical composition and grass sward productivity in conjunction with drier years towards the end of this study period. Implications This study showed that productivity in low-input grassland under continuous grazing declines over time irrespective of stocking intensity. Productivity decline in all treatments implies tradeoffs for farmers grazing at lower stocking intensities.
Is there sufficient genetic variation to breed Elsenburg Merino sheep with shorter tails?
Authors: Teubes M. , Cloete S. W. P. , Dzama K. , Scholtz A. J.
Published: May 2023

Context Breech strike compromises wool production and welfare of Merinos. Long tails contribute to the formation of dags, increasing the risk of sheep attracting gravid blowfly females. Tail-docking is popular globally, as it reduces the incidence of dags. Breeding for a reduced tail length is a more socially accepted measure to replace tail-docking as a management strategy, since stronger legislation for animal welfare is expected. Aim The study used historic data on tail length (TL), birth weight (BW) and bodyweight at docking (DW) to estimate genetic and environmental parameters for these traits in a well known South African resource flock. Methods Merino lambs born from 2016 to 2021 (except for 2020 due to Covid-19) of the Elsenburg Merino flock were recorded for TL, BW and DW. The flock was separated by divergent selection for and against a number of lambs weaned per ewe mated in a High (H) and a Low (L) line. Fixed effects included birth year, sex, selection line, dam age and birth type. ASReml was used to analyse the fixed effects so as to obtain an operational model, before adding the random direct genetic (h2), maternal genetic (m2) and maternal permanent environmental (c2) effects. Results H-line lambs were heavier at birth and tail-docking, with longer tails than those of L-line contemporaries (all P < 0.01). The line difference in TL seemed to be size-dependent, as it was eliminated by adding DW as a covariate to the analysis. The same trend was observed for sex, dam age and birth type. TL was thus affected (P < 0.01) only by birth year in the latter analysis. Regressions of TL on age at tail-docking and DW were highly significant (P < 0.01). Single-trait estimates of h2 were 0.26 for BW, 0.06 for DW, and 0.30 for TL. TL remained heritable at 0.38 in the analysis including DW as a covariate. Including m2 improved the random-effects model for TL (0.08) and DW (0.20). TL and DW were genetically correlated (rG = 0.47 and rM = 0.70). Conclusions TL was moderately heritable, with small m2 and non-significant c2 effects. It will be possible to directly select for TL. However, selection for shorter tails will reduce size if breeding values are not adjusted for DW as a covariate. Implications Further studies on the genetic basis of TL as well as its genetic correlations with other traits of economic importance are warranted.
Reconstructing Middle and Upper Paleolithic human mobility in Portuguese Estremadura through laser ablation strontium isotope analysis
Authors: Linscott Bethan , Pike Alistair W. G. , Angelucci Diego E. , Cooper Matthew J. , Milton James S. , Matias Henrique , Zilhão João
Published: May 2023

Understanding mobility and landscape use is important in reconstructing subsistence behavior, range, and group size, and it may contribute to our understanding of phenomena such as the dynamics of biological and cultural interactions between distinct populations of Upper Pleistocene humans. However, studies using traditional strontium isotope analysis are generally limited to identifying locations of childhood residence or nonlocal individuals and lack the sampling resolution to detect movement over short timescales. Here, using an optimized methodology, we present highly spatially resolved
87
Sr/
86
Sr measurements made by laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry along the growth axis of the enamel of two marine isotope stage 5b, Middle Paleolithic Neanderthal teeth (Gruta da Oliveira), a Tardiglacial, Late Magdalenian human tooth (Galeria da Cisterna), and associated contemporaneous fauna from the Almonda karst system, Torres Novas, Portugal. Strontium isotope mapping of the region shows extreme variation in
87
Sr/
86
Sr, with values ranging from 0.7080 to 0.7160 over a distance of c. 50 km, allowing short-distance (and arguably short-duration) movement to be detected. We find that the early Middle Paleolithic individuals roamed across a subsistence territory of approximately 600 km
2
, while the Late Magdalenian individual parsimoniously fits a pattern of limited, probably seasonal movement along the right bank of the 20-km-long Almonda River valley, between mouth and spring, exploiting a smaller territory of approximately 300 km
2
. We argue that the differences in territory size are due to an increase in population density during the Late Upper Paleolithic.
Golgi-IP, a tool for multimodal analysis of Golgi molecular content
Authors: Fasimoye Rotimi , Dong Wentao , Nirujogi Raja S. , Rawat Eshaan S. , Iguchi Miharu , Nyame Kwamina , Phung Toan K. , Bagnoli Enrico , Prescott Alan R. , Alessi Dario R. , Abu-Remaileh Monther
Published: May 2023

The Golgi is a membrane-bound organelle that is essential for protein and lipid biosynthesis. It represents a central trafficking hub that sorts proteins and lipids to various destinations or for secretion from the cell. The Golgi has emerged as a docking platform for cellular signaling pathways including LRRK2 kinase whose deregulation leads to Parkinson disease. Golgi dysfunction is associated with a broad spectrum of diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular diseases. To allow the study of the Golgi at high resolution, we report a rapid Golgi immunoprecipitation technique (Golgi-IP) to isolate intact Golgi mini-stacks for subsequent analysis of their content. By fusing the Golgi-resident protein TMEM115 to three tandem HA epitopes (GolgiTAG), we purified the Golgi using Golgi-IP with minimal contamination from other compartments. We then established an analysis pipeline using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to characterize the human Golgi proteome, metabolome, and lipidome. Subcellular proteomics confirmed known Golgi proteins and identified proteins not previously associated with the Golgi. Metabolite profiling established the human Golgi metabolome and revealed the enrichment of uridine-diphosphate (UDP) sugars and their derivatives, which is consistent with their roles in protein and lipid glycosylation. Furthermore, targeted metabolomics validated SLC35A2 as the subcellular transporter for UDP-hexose. Finally, lipidomics analysis showed that phospholipids including phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine are the most abundant Golgi lipids and that glycosphingolipids are enriched in this compartment. Altogether, our work establishes a comprehensive molecular map of the human Golgi and provides a powerful method to study the Golgi with high precision in health and disease.
Digital microfluidics-based digital counting of single-cell copy number variation (dd-scCNV Seq)
Authors: Yu Xiyuan , Ruan Weidong , Lin Fanghe , Qian Weizhou , Zou Yuan , Liu Yilong , Su Rui , Niu Qi , Ruan Qingyu , Lin Wei , Zhu Zhi , Zhang Huimin , Yang Chaoyong
Published: May 2023

Single-cell copy number variations (CNVs), major dynamic changes in humans, result in differential levels of gene expression and account for adaptive traits or underlying disease. Single-cell sequencing is needed to reveal these CNVs but has been hindered by single-cell whole-genome amplification (scWGA) bias, leading to inaccurate gene copy number counting. In addition, most of the current scWGA methods are labor intensive, time-consuming, and expensive with limited wide application. Here, we report a unique single-cell whole-genome library preparation approach based on
d
igital microfluidics for
d
igital counting of
s
ingle-
c
ell
C
opy
N
umber
V
ariation (dd-scCNV Seq). dd-scCNV Seq directly fragments the original single-cell DNA and uses these fragments as templates for amplification. These reduplicative fragments can be filtered computationally to generate the original partitioned unique identified fragments, thereby enabling digital counting of copy number variation. dd-scCNV Seq showed an increase in uniformity in the single-molecule data, leading to more accurate CNV patterns compared to other methods with low-depth sequencing. Benefiting from digital microfluidics, dd-scCNV Seq allows automated liquid handling, precise single-cell isolation, and high-efficiency and low-cost genome library preparation. dd-scCNV Seq will accelerate biological discovery by enabling accurate profiling of copy number variations at single-cell resolution.
Epistemics and conversational humour in intercultural first conversations
Authors: Sheikhan Amir , Haugh Michael
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we examine conversational humour in
intercultural initial interactions, in which participants not only
do not know each other, but also come from different cultural
backgrounds, through the lens of epistemics. Our
analysis examines episodes of conversational humour identified in
the Video-Mediated English as a Lingua Franca Conversations (ViMELF)
corpus (ViMELF 2018). The analysis focuses on the design of these humour
episodes, the negotiation of shared knowledge prior to and during
these episodes, and responses to humour bids. Results indicate that
whether and how an attempt at humour is responded to reflects the
epistemic stance/status of participants in that conversation. When
the speaker assumes K- status for the recipient or there is no local
negotiation of relevant knowledge, the laughable is generally
disattended. On the other hand, when K+ status is assumed for the
recipient or the laughable is based on locally co-constructed shared
knowledge and/or knowledge is negotiated, the humour episode is
expanded upon by the recipient. We conclude that the role of
epistemics needs to be more explicitly attended to in the
theorisation of humour more broadly.
Synergetic effect of milling speed and duration on particle morphology and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline Al matrix containing SiC
Authors: Nayak K.C. , Han J.Y. , Jung C.H. , Joo M.R. , Lee K.B. , Bae D.H. , Choi H.J.
Published: May 2023

In the present study, the composite sheets were produced by powder rolling the ball-milled Al/SiC mixture. The effect of milling speed (350–550 rev min–1) and milling duration (8 and 12 h) on the Al particle morphology and subsequent mechanical properties were examined for composites with different volume fractions of SiC. From the microstructural investigation, SiC particles are evenly distributed and well dispersed in the Al matrix; those are prepared under higher milling speed (550 rev min–1) and higher milling time (12 h). Furthermore, the flattened-shaped particle morphology was obtained under lower milling conditions, whereas the reduced-granule shape was obtained under higher milling conditions (550 rev min–1, 12 h). Consequently, the Al/SiC composite sheets made from a granule-shaped Al/SiC mixture show higher density, microhardness, and tensile strength due to significant consolidation and SiC uniformity. In addition, the tensile strength of 430.26 MPa has been achieved for the Al/2vol.-%SiC sheet compared to pure Al (393.49 MPa) under similar processing conditions.
Strong and ductile medium-Mn steel achieved via controlled martensite tempering
Authors: Li Yi , Zhang Baolin , Guan Qingwen , He Binbin
Published: May 2023

The present work simplifies the previous room-temperature quenching and partitioning (RT Q&P) process down to a single furnace cooling process, delivering a medium Mn steel with an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 1.7 GPa and a uniform elongation of 9.5%. The martensite tempering during furnace cooling is featured with slightly reduced dislocation density and is free of cementite precipitation, which is beneficial for ultrahigh UTS. Although the carbon partitioning is limited, the banded large austenite grains have proper mechanical stability owing to pre-existing high carbon content and the strong martensite matrix, allowing the gradual transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect to enhance the work hardening behaviour and thus the good uniform elongation.
Goalkeepers’ plasticity during learning of a whole‐body visuomotor rotation in a stable or variable environment
Authors: Vouras Ilias , Chatzinikolaou Konstantinos , Sotirakis Charalampos , Metaxas Thomas , Hatzitaki Vassilia
Published: May 2023

Postural adjustments performed in anticipation of uncertain visual events is a common sensorimotor control problem in open sport skills. In this study, we examined how expert soccer goalkeepers and non‐athletes learn a whole body visuomotor rotation during postural tracking of constant and variable visual target motions. Twenty‐one (21) soccer goalkeepers (18 ± 15 years, 75 ± 12 kg) and 25 age‐matched non‐athletes (18 ± 12 years, 75 ± 15 kg) practiced lateral weight shifting on a dual force platform while tracking the motion of a constant (11 goalkeepers and 12 non‐athletes) or a variable (10 goalkeepers and 13 non‐athletes) visual target with provision of online visual feedback (VF). After 40s of tracking (baseline), the visual presentation of the VF signal reversed direction relative to the participant's motion (180° visuo‐motor rotation) for 60s (adaptation) and then returned to its veridical direction for another 20s (washout). During adaptation, goalkeepers reduced the spatiotemporal error to baseline levels at an earlier time block (3rd block) compared to non‐athletes (6th block), but this difference was significant only for groups tracking of the constant and not the variable target motion. Only the groups tracking the constant target increased the spatiotemporal error during the 1st washout block demonstrating a significant aftereffect. It is concluded that goalkeepers adapt faster to the feedback rotation due to their prior field knowledge of relevant visuomotor transformations in anticipation of deceptive visual cues. This expertise advantage however is present only in a stable visual environment possibly because learning is compromised when tracking uncertain motion cues requiring closed loop control.

Highlights

We examined how expert goalkeepers and non‐athletes adopt to a novel whole body visuomotor rotation when tracking a constantly or variably moving target

Goalkeepers adopted faster to the visuomotor rotation than non‐athletes

Expertise related differences were evident only for groups tracking the constant target motion

Groups tracking the variable target motion did not learn the visuomotor rotation
Systematic analysis of YFP traps reveals common mRNA/protein discordance in neural tissues
Authors: Titlow Joshua S. , Kiourlappou Maria , Palanca Ana , Lee Jeffrey Y. , Gala Dalia S. , Ennis Darragh , Yu Joyce J.S. , Young Florence L. , Susano Pinto David Miguel , Garforth Sam , Francis Helena S. , Strivens Finn , Mulvey Hugh , Dallman-Porter Alex , Thornton Staci , Arman Diana , Millard Marissa J. , Järvelin Aino I. , Thompson Mary Kay , Sargent Martin , Kounatidis Ilias , Parton Richard M. , Taylor Stephen , Davis Ilan
Published: May 2023

While post-transcriptional control is thought to be required at the periphery of neurons and glia, its extent is unclear. Here, we investigate systematically the spatial distribution and expression of mRNA at single molecule sensitivity and their corresponding proteins of 200 YFP trap lines across the intact Drosophila nervous system. 97.5% of the genes studied showed discordance between the distribution of mRNA and the proteins they encode in at least one region of the nervous system. These data suggest that post-transcriptional regulation is very common, helping to explain the complexity of the nervous system. We also discovered that 68.5% of these genes have transcripts present at the periphery of neurons, with 9.5% at the glial periphery. Peripheral transcripts include many potential new regulators of neurons, glia, and their interactions. Our approach is applicable to most genes and tissues and includes powerful novel data annotation and visualization tools for post-transcriptional regulation.
OX40L-expressing recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara induces potent antitumor immunity via reprogramming Tregs
Authors: Yang Ning , Wang Yi , Liu Shuaitong , Tariq Shanza Baseer , Luna Joseph M. , Mazo Gregory , Tan Adrian , Zhang Tuo , Wang Jiahu , Yan Wei , Choi John , Rossi Anthony , Xiang Jenny Zhaoying , Rice Charles M. , Merghoub Taha , Wolchok Jedd D. , Deng Liang
Published: May 2023

Effective depletion of immune suppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the tumor microenvironment without triggering systemic autoimmunity is an important strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is a highly attenuated, non-replicative vaccinia virus with a long history of human use. Here, we report rational engineering of an immune-activating recombinant MVA (rMVA, MVA∆E5R-Flt3L-OX40L) with deletion of the vaccinia E5R gene (encoding an inhibitor of the DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase, cGAS) and expression of two membrane-anchored transgenes, Flt3L and OX40L. Intratumoral (IT) delivery of rMVA (MVA∆E5R-Flt3L-OX40L) generates potent antitumor immunity, dependent on CD8+ T cells, the cGAS/STING-mediated cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, and type I IFN signaling. Remarkably, IT rMVA (MVA∆E5R-Flt3L-OX40L) depletes OX40hi regulatory T cells via OX40L/OX40 interaction and IFNAR signaling. Single-cell RNA-seq analyses of tumors treated with rMVA showed the depletion of OX40hiCCR8hi Tregs and expansion of IFN-responsive Tregs. Taken together, our study provides a proof-of-concept for depleting and reprogramming intratumoral Tregs via an immune-activating rMVA.
High-precision tomography of ion qubits based on registration of fluorescent photons
Authors: Bogdanov Yu I , Dmitriev I A , Bantysh B I , Bogdanova N A , Lukichev V F
Published: May 2023

We develop a new method for high-precision tomography of ion qubit registers under conditions of limited distinguishability of logical states. It is not always possible to achieve low error rates during the readout of the quantum states of ion qubits due to the finite lifetime of excited levels, photon scattering, detector dark counts, low numerical aperture, etc. However, the model of fuzzy quantum measurements makes it possible to ensure precise tomography of quantum states. To do this, we developed a fuzzy measurement model based on counting the number of fluorescent photons. A statistically adequate algorithm for the reconstruction of quantum states of ion qubit registers based on fuzzy measurement operators is proposed. The algorithm uses the complete information available in the experiment and makes it possible to account for systematic measurement errors associated with the limited distinguishability of the logical states of ion qubits. We show that the developed model, although computationally more complex, contains significantly more information about the state of the qubit and provides a higher accuracy of state reconstruction compared to the model based on the threshold algorithm.
ZnO-NiO composite nanostructures produced by atmospheric PLD
Authors: Dikovska A , Avdeev G , Atanasova G , Dilova T , Nikov Ru , Nedyalkov N
Published: May 2023

In this study, ZnO-NiO binary metal oxides were synthesized by pulsed laser deposition regarding applications as gas sensors. The technology was applied in air at atmospheric pressure. A compound target fabricated by partially covering a ZnO pellet by a Ni slice was used for ablation. The structure, morphology, composition, and optical properties of the as deposited samples were studied. It was found that composites consisting of ZnO and NiO were formed during the ablation process in air. Generally, the morphology of the as deposited specimens represented a highly porous nanostructure. The samples’ microstructure indicated that the nanostructures were formed by spherically-shaped crystalline ZnO and NiO nanoparticles. The results demonstrated that the ZnO-NiO fabricated samples possessed a high surface-to-volume ratio with considerable number of components attributed to oxygen-deficient states and to adsorbed species, which makes them suitable for gas-sensing applications.
DIAL hygrometer based on powerful laser diodes: calibration function and modulation of laser radiation
Authors: Pencheva V , Penchev S , Dreischuh T
Published: May 2023

A differential absorption lidar method utilizing the spectral and energetic properties of high-power, pulsed laser diodes for remote sensing of atmospheric humidity is reported. The laser radiation of selected complementary laser diodes is multiplexed in dual spectral channels centered at optimal wavelength of 0.86µm and 0.911µm. Humidity profiles are retrieved integrating multiple resonance lines in the tunable range within the absorption spectrum of water vapor. The integral spectrum is less affected by the variable atmospheric pressure and temperature, which is an essential advantage allowing direct and reliable DIAL measurement.
Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) as insensitive porphyrinoid to solar LED irradiation
Authors: Mantareva Vanya , Iliev Ivan , Sulikovska Inna
Published: May 2023

Cobalamins are cobalt corrin complexes (vitamin B12) with typical porphyrinoid structure and absorption which partly overlaps with the solar spectrum of irradiation. This highly conjugated structure is assumed to have not only the well-known curative action as co-factor and vitamin, but also phototoxicity on dysfunctional, and, in a low extent, on normal cells. Moreover, the cobalamin can have properties as a photosensitizer at appropriate light conditions. The present study aims at characterization of the cyanocobalamin (CNCbl) as a synthetic cobalamin under solar-spectrum irradiation. The photo- and dark cytotoxicity studies were carried out on a normal cell line (BALB/c 3T3, A31) showing no effect due to light application. The photodynamic action of CNCbl due to its porphyrinoid-like structure was not observed. The results on two breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) versus a non-tumorigenic cell line (MCF-10) showed similar values for cytotoxicity. A complete loss of viability was observed at approx. 10-4 M CNCbl after 24-hs incubation and soft irradiation (10 J/cm2) for the spectral range 360-960 nm of a LED Helios-iO solar simulator. The cobalt corrin complex showed non-photodynamic ability to reduce the viability of both breast tumor cells depending on the nature of the cell line but not on the light application.
Application of polymeric materials in free space optics for communications
Authors: Kasarova S N , Sultanova N G , Nikolov I D
Published: May 2023

Design of free space polymeric optics for communications is presented. Selection of polymers is accomplished on base of their measured transmission spectra, refractive and dispersive properties. The proposed telescopic system of the transmitter consists of a doublet objective composed of styrenic and acrylic materials and an eye-piece made of carbonate and acrylic polymers to minimise the spherical aberrations. The receiver optics is more precise and is realised as a high aperture Cassegrain objective to collect as much as possible of the incoming light and to couple it to the optical fiber.
Structural and mechanical properties of magnetron-sputtering-deposited Ta- and Al- based coatings – a comparative analysis
Authors: Donkov N , Zykova A , Safonov V , Dudin S , Yakovin S , Dimov D
Published: May 2023

A comprehensive evaluation of the structure and the nano-mechanical characteristics of single and two-layer nano-structured coatings AlN/Al2O3, TaN/Ta2O5 grown on the surface of metallic materials. The formation of a two-layer structure improves the mechanical and tribological properties of the coating-substrate system, such as the plastic deformation resistance and anti-wear performance. The results indicate that the proposed two-layer nanostructured nitride-oxide coatings based on aluminum and tantalum are promising candidates for biomedical applications.
Robust optimal allocation of multi-energy storage in a power-heating system based on operational risk
Authors: Du Chong , Qin Bin , Zhang Simin , Li Cao , Guo Chuangxin
Published: May 2023

In this study, a configuration model that accounts for operational risks is proposed for the combined power-heating system with energy storage. First, the thermal network storage is taken into account to create a model of the thermal network’s quasi-dynamic operation, and then the combined optimization with the power grid is taken into account to improve the collaborative electric-thermal modeling. Then, the value-at-risk parameter is introduced to make the difficult-to-determine uncertainty interval of new energy self-adaptive, thereby balancing economy and robustness. Finally, the Nested-C&CG algorithm is used to solve the two-stage robust problem with 0 - 1 integer variables in the lower layer. The case study’s findings demonstrate the value of the model and algorithm suggested in this research.
Study on fault waveform library of PT high voltage side fuse in hydropower station
Authors: Ren Hongtao , Zhang Ying
Published: May 2023

In the arc-suppression coil grounding system of a medium voltage distribution network, high voltage side voltage transformer insurance fusing faults frequently occur, including fusing during startup and grid connection, fusing during operation, fusing during the shutdown, etc., which will directly affect the accuracy of measurement, metering, protection, and other secondary equipment. In this paper, we used the calculation of electromagnetic transient EMTP-ATP software, theoretical analysis of the typical hydropower station wiring and parameters of the medium voltage system, set up the improved model of neutral point grounding system, simulation of single-phase earth fault line and disappeared in the transient process, calculation of PT transient current, to verify that the way to study the mechanism of frequent fusing of fuse in the PT. Typical fault waveform databases are established under different bad working conditions (ferromagnetic resonance, low-frequency nonlinear oscillation, lightning wave invasion, etc.).
Double resonance peak phenomenon and balance method of rotating machinery with flexible bearing support
Authors: Zhang Xiaobin , He Lei , Yin Hang , Ma Wenzuo , Si Paiyou
Published: May 2023

A simplified dynamic model of the rotor-bearing-support system is established considering the influence of pedestal flexibility. The vibration characteristics of the system with a flexible pedestal are analyzed. There are two resonance peaks during the run-up process for this kind of system. It is generally thought that the stiffness difference in the vertical and the horizontal direction is the main cause of the double resonance peak phenomenon. The results of the paper show that the flexible pedestal support also causes the double resonance peak phenomenon. The shaft relative vibration cannot reflect the influence of rotor unbalances well near the resonance zone. In this case, the bearing vibration should be preferred in the balance test. The vibration phenomenon on an actual unit is analyzed as an example.
Research on a Field Prompt Device for Substation Switch Remote Control Based on Station Control Layer Switch
Authors: Xiong Junfeng , Wu Linlin , Li Hao , Gao Shiqi , Chen Xiao , Li Tao
Published: May 2023

The switch in the substation is operated by remote control. To prevent the on-site personnel from being injured by the explosion of the fault switch, a prompt signal shall be sent to the on-site personnel to remind them to stay away from the operating equipment before the remote operation of the primary equipment is required from the perspective of safety. At present, the method of telephone notification or no notification is adopted, which is low in efficiency and poor in operability, and it is difficult to timely and effectively notify on-site personnel. The on-site prompt device for remote switch operation can send prompt signals to on-site personnel before remote switch operation without increasing any workload by monitoring the message of the station control layer switch, which can prevent personal injury and death caused by the explosion of remote switch operation and is of great significance to safety production.
Analysis of Fault of Wind Turbine in Offshore Wind Farm
Authors: Zhang Xiuqi , Yuan Shuai , Xin Donghao
Published: May 2023

Accelerating advancement of a late-model electrical power system with new energy resources as the principal part is one of main measures to attain double-carbon goal. The international situation and policies have further promoted the rapid development of wind power. Because of massive reserves of wind energy resources in the sea area with its huge potential, development plan for wind power is gradually inclined to offshore wind power. In the article, offshore wind power’s advancement process and the typical topological structure of offshore wind farm access systems are described, the offshore wind farms’ problems existing in operation are classified and summarized, and the causes of the problems are analyzed from the perspective of wind turbine components or systems. And the directions worthy of further study are prospected, which can give support to the maintenance and overhaul for offshore wind turbines.
Experimental Study on Wind Noise Distribution Law of Transmission Lines
Authors: Shi Xin , Cui Xiangyu , Xie Lianke , Yin Jianguang , Li Lefeng , Zang Yuwei , Hou Xiaobang
Published: May 2023

Aiming at the problem of wind noise generated by transmission lines under windy weather conditions, this paper selects three groups of transmission lines in Shandong Province, China. Through the fixed-point measurement of the wind noise pressure of the conductor at the ground projection point of the side, phase conductor sags as the starting point, and the outward extension of 50 m as the endpoint, the frequency spectrum curve characteristics of the wind noise of the transmission line, the predominant frequency, the cut-off frequency, and the overall A sound level are analyzed. The results show that the transmission line conductor wind noise is mainly concentrated in the range of 500 - 2000 Hz, and its predominant frequency is around 650 Hz, which belongs to low-frequency noise. The wire wind noise attenuates with the increase of the distance from the projection point, and the attenuation is completed at 50m, and the wind noise fixed-point measurement decreases by 8 dB.