bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discapacidades invisibles en la sala de clases: la concepción de discapacidad intelectual en escuelas municipales en Chile
Authors: Gárate Eliot
Published: December 2023

El presente artículo se enfoca en la concepción de la discapacidad que se tiene en las escuelas municipales en Chile, y cómo ello condiciona la discriminación en las aulas. Esta investigación se basa en un estudio de tesis, realizado por el mismo autor, a través de encuestas cuantitativas y cualitativas. El objetivo es demostrar que la definición de discapacidad suele enfocarse en limitaciones físicas que no incluyen trastornos del aprendizaje, trastornos del espectro autista y trastorno de déficit atencional, entre otros, que configuran necesidades educativas especiales y requieren de adecuaciones académicas. La falta de conocimiento en torno a las discapacidades no visibles genera situaciones de discriminación en la clase.
Experiencia de trabajo interdisciplinar y cooperativo en el aula universitaria
Authors: Aguiar Perera M.ª Victoria , Perera Santana Ángeles , Curbelo González Óliver
Published: December 2023

Desarrollar las competencias del alumnado universitario para trabajar en equipo y planificar de forma interdisciplinar son algunas de las exigencias de la enseñanza universitaria, sobre todo, en las Facultades de Educación. Este artículo recoge una experiencia llevada a cabo desde el curso 2012-2013 en la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria en tres asignaturas de la mención Expresión y Desarrollo de la Creatividad del Grado de Maestro/a en Educación Infantil. Dicha experiencia consiste en que el alumnado realice un cortometraje, tarea en grupo común para las tres materias. De esta forma se pretende ayudar al estudiantado a vivir en las clases universitarias lo que se le demandaría en el ejercicio profesional en un centro educativo, además de responder a una carencia que se explicitaba en cada valoración del plan de estudios, la escasa conexión práctica entre disciplinas a lo largo del Grado.
Realidad de la capacitación del profesorado para elaborar programas de asignaturas por competencias en la UNEV
Authors: Borges Pilar Alexis , Reche Urbano Eloísa , Marín Díaz Verónica
Published: December 2023

Este trabajo se centra en analizar la capacitación del profesorado de las carreras de formación docente para elaborar programas de asignaturas por competencias. El mismo fue realizado en la Universidad Nacional Evangélica (UNEV), República Dominicana. Para lograr este cometido se encuestaron 60 docentes de los 107 que conforman la plantilla de este colectivo, a los cuales se les aplicó un cuestionario para conocer su estado de opinión sobre sus necesidades de capacitación para elaborar dichos programas. Además de evaluar 264 de estos documentos elaborados entre los años 2017 y 2018, para ello se aplicó un instrumento tipo escala de valoración, bajo los criterios de calidad establecidos por el Ministerio de Educación Superior, Ciencia y Tecnología (MESCyT) para estos fines. Como resultado, se detectaron necesidades apremiantes de capacitación curricular y en ese sentido se propone un Plan de mejora dirigido a todo el profesorado de la referida institución universitaria.
Las interacciones en las tertulias literarias dialógicas: un instrumento para su análisis
Authors: Aguilera-Jiménez Antonio , Gómez-del-Castillo María-Teresa , Prados-Gallardo María-del-Mar
Published: December 2023

La presente investigación ha tenido como objetivo diseñar y validar una escala de observación para evaluar la forma de llevar a cabo las Tertulias Literarias Dialógicas (TLD) y, sobre todo, las interacciones en ellas producidas. En el trabajo psicométrico, 5 expertos han participado en la elaboración del instrumento y tres de ellos en su validación a partir del visionado de vídeos de TLD con niños. La escala de observación resultante está compuesta por 30 ítems agrupados en tres categorías (texto, moderador y participantes). Los resultados muestran un índice de concordancia considerable (k= ,639; p=,000) y un índice de consistencia según el alfa de Cronbach de ɑ= ,926. Esta escala podrá ser utilizada por docentes e investigadores, tanto para evaluar la calidad en la implementación de las TLD como en la formación inicial y permanente del profesorado que quiera iniciarse en esta Actuación Educativa de Éxito.
Analisis Faktor Keberhasilan Inseminasi Buatan pada Sapi Program Optimalisasi Reproduksi di Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara
Authors: Desiona Nella , Umar Sayed , Elieser Simon
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT. Inseminasi buatan merupakan salah satu bioteknologi dalam bidang reproduksi ternak yang memungkinkan manusia mengawinkan ternak betina tanpa perlu seekor pejantan. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keberhasilan inseminasi buatan pada sapi yang dipelihara secara semi intensif telah dilakukan mulai bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2022 di Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survey, menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara langsung kepada peternak menggunakan kuesioner yang terstruktur, data sekunder diperoleh dari dinas terkait. Varibel yang diamati meliputi : angka kebuntingan, jumlah sapi betina, pengetahuan peternak dalam mendeteksi berahi, skor kondisi tubuh, jarak lokasi dan ketepatan waktu IB. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa R2 =65,3 yang artinya sebesar 65,3% variabel yang diamati memengaruhi angka kebuntingan sedangkan 34,7% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain. Jumlah sapi betina di tiap lokasi penelitian secara signifikan (P0,05) memengaruhi keberhasilan inseminasi buatan. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara nyata jumlah sapi betina memengaruhi keberhasilan IB dan secara simultan bersama variabel pengetahuan peternak dalam mendeteksi berahi, ketepatan waktu IB, jarak lokasi peternak dengan petugas IB serta BCS sebesar 65,3% memengaruhi keberhasilan IB di Kabupaten Deli Serdang.  (Analysis of successful factors for artificial insemination cattle in the reproduction optimization program in Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatera) ABSTRAK. Artificial Insemination is one of the biotechnology in field of livestock reproduction that allows humans to inbreed female livestock without needed of male cattle. The method of this research was survey method, using primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained by distributing questionnaires and interviews directly to farmers as additional information, while secondary data obtained from inseminators related to the results of artificial insemination in the Deli Serdang District. The questionnaire used included questions about cattle characteristics such as pregnancy status, knowledge of breeders in detecting heat, body condition scores, number of cows, location distance and breeder profiles with 95 respondent breeders from three districts. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression tests. The results showed that as many as 5 variables were observed simultaneously only 65.3% affected the pregnancy rate while 34.7% were influenced by other factors. The conclusion of the study is that the factors that influence the success of artificial insemination in cattle in Deli Serdang Regency are the number of cows in the sub-districts studied.
Investigation of the Effects of "First Managers" on Teachers' Professional Lives According to Different Variables
Authors: ESGEN Esra , ERGÜN Muammer
Published: December 2023

Leadership and education have been two topics that researchers have been interested in for years. Many studies have been conducted, especially on relationship-oriented and task-oriented leadership styles. This study examined the impact of the first school administrator teachers worked with on their future careers. Data was collected through a digital survey that included a leadership style scale developed by researchers and demographic information. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted for the developed scale. Later, data was collected from a different group and confirmatory factor analysis was performed again. The study was conducted on a sample group of 530 individuals. The collected data was analyzed with ANOVA and t-test. The findings showed that 70% of the teachers revealed that their first administrator had an impact on their career. It was found that the impact did not differ based on the leadership style used. In addition, it was revealed that there were differences in how teachers were influenced based on the administrator’s seniority and the educational level of the first school they worked at. The finding that the impact did not differ based on task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership style is in line with the literature.
Violência e Finanças no Mediterrâneo Antigo: Alguns dos Conflitos Sociais e Políticos do Final da República Romana
Authors: Cartaxo Ian
Published: December 2023

The following article intends to present considerations concerning the social function of indebtedness, as was used in the Late Republic by Roman dominant elites to perpetuate their control over the Ancient Mediterranean. We seek to demonstrate that “financial intermediation” was an apparatus conveyed by members of the roman elites to “legitimize” their political and financial use of indebtedness which we comprehend as social domination, that is, the usage of cultural – ideological – elements and of violence to perpetuate their control over that social formation.
Evaluation of the bacteriological quality of underground well water in Oyi local government area of Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Nvene Victor Ositadinma , Ikevude Chizaramoku Tochi , Okafor Ugochukwu Chukwuma , Owhonda Golden Chukwuemeka
Published: December 2023

Background: Water is indispensable for man’s existence on earth. In urban and predominantly rural communities in Nigeria, with over 85% of the population living below an average income, traditional drinking water sources such as open reservoirs, springs and open wells are still being used. The study assessed the bacteriological qualities of underground well water in Oyi L.G.A of Anambra State.
Methods: Water samples collected by random sampling from various wells in the selected thirteen (13) wards of the study area were subjected to bacteriological analysis using standard methods. The bacteriological analysis examined differential and presumptive coliform counts. Confirmatory coliform tests were carried out using a loopful of presumptive positive and negative tests already sub-cultured on MacConkey agar plate and incubated at 37 0c for 24 hours to obtain bacterial isolates.
Results: Escherichia coli was the most frequently occurring isolate of all the bacteria identified. Other isolates include Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella spp., Enterococcus spp., Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Proteus spp. and Bacillus spp. The majority of these organisms are Gram-negative microorganisms which are most times implicated in gastrointestinal abnormalities.
Conclusions: There is a high incidence of contamination of well waters by pathogenic organisms in most well waters from the Study area. Underground well water sources to be utilized for domestic purposes such as cooking should be treated or disinfected before use, either by boiling and filtration or by chemical sterilization or a combination of both.
Prevalence of obesity among undergraduate medical students in tertiary care hospital, Nandyal
Authors: Kundavaram Chandra Bhanu , M. A. Mushtaq Pasha , Fatima Afsar
Published: December 2023

Background: Obesity is widely regarded as a major as a major global pandemic. It is associated with numerous comorbidities such as increased cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Over 650 million adults of 18 years and older were obese.
Methods: A cross sectional study was done among 1st, 2nd, 3rd year undergraduate medical students of a tertiary care hospital, Nandyal during August 2022 to September 2022. Sample size was 300. Weight and height of the participants were measured and data was collected using predesigned semi structured questionnaire and data was analysed using SPSS version 2022.
Results: Out of 300 study participants,133 were males and 167 were females. 21 (7%) students had BMI<18.5 of which 16 students of age group 20-23 years were under weight, 5 students of age group 18-19 years were thin (BMI for age ≤2SD), 195 (65%) students were normal, 60 (20%) students were overweight and 24 (8%) students were obese.
Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight and obesity were high in medical students. Prevalence of overweight and obesity were higher in females compared to males.
Knowledge, attitude and practices towards consumption of caffeine containing drinks among medical college students in Chennai
Authors: Kamali R. , Srinidhi S. , Purna G. Srividya , Devi G. Mithra , Keerthana R. , Elangovan Swathy
Published: December 2023

Background: Indian population has been accustomed to caffeinated beverages since time immemorial. Globally, they have become the most preferred drink since the bloom of the twentieth century. However, unbridled consumption has been associated with many side effects. The objectives of this study were to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices among medical students with respect to caffeine containing drinks, and to determine the relationship between caffeine consumption and body mass index (BMI).
Methods: It was a cross sectional study. Data was collected through a self-administered, pre-tested questionnaire after getting informed consent. The questionnaire was in a semi-structured format.
Results: A total of 372 medical students took part in this present study, out of which 312 (83.6%) students responded to have the habit of taking caffeinated beverages, coffee (58.06%) being the maximum preferred drink and taste (49.1%) being the leading reason. Mean BMI was 22.16 with 50% being normal and, 16%, 17% and 17% being underweight, overweight and obese respectively. Withdrawal effects were experienced by 47.4% of students on stopping them for at least a day. 88.7% of medical students were aware of caffeine addiction and 62.5% were confident that they can stop over drinking them after knowing the ill effects.
Conclusions: The study showed that students were not following healthy practises of caffeine consumption, albeit the knowledge of caffeine addiction, in terms of BMI. However, with proper health education and awareness, the students are ready to change their views and practises regarding caffeine consumption.
Examining maternal influences on low birth weight of baby: a study in Washim district
Authors: Kore Suhas , Kukade Rajesh , Ugaonkar Vinita
Published: December 2023

Background: This research investigated low birth weight (LBW) in Washim district, Maharashtra, India, recognizing its profound impact on infant health. With a prevalence of 13.3%, lower than state and national averages, the study focuses on maternal factors such as anemia, premature deliveries, and inadequate weight gain during pregnancy as contributors to LBW.
Methods: A cross-sectional study involving LBW infants and mothers was conducted in Washim district. The census approach (universal sampling) was employed in this study, encompassing the entire population of low birth weight babies born across all blocks in the Washim district and could be tracked by healthcare workers. This involved every eligible individual, eliminating the need for traditional sampling techniques. Data were collected from 6 Blocks, 153 Health sub-centers, and 25 primary health centers between April 1, 2022, and March 31, 2023, using a standardized questionnaire administered by healthcare workers. The study included 876 babies and mothers.
Results: Washim district reported a 13.3% LBW rate, lower than the state (20.1%) and national (17.8%) averages. High LBW incidence was noted among mothers with anemia (91.4%), premature deliveries (78.18%), and inadequate weight gain during pregnancy (average gain: 7.9 kg).
Conclusions: The study identified anemia during pregnancy, premature deliveries, and inadequate weight gain as primary contributors to LBW in the district.
Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among non-smokers in rural areas of Lucknow district, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Bage Rowanti N. , Singh Shivendra K. , Srivastava Anand , Manar Manish , Kushwaha Sonam , Swaroop Vibha , Rai Ambrish K.
Published: December 2023

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic progressive disease of the airways and lung parenchyma and the risk factors include both genetic and environmental factors. Tobacco smoking has remained the most important risk factor associated with it. The occurrence of COPD in non-smokers is not widely appreciated, even though its relative burden is higher in developing countries than developed countries. There is limited information on the risk factors associated with spirometrically confirmed COPD in non-smokers in the general population and more data from population-based studies are needed. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of COPD and associated risk factors among non-smokers in rural areas of Lucknow district, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Methods: This cross-sectional study with multi-stage random sampling was conducted among 552 non-smoking participants aged 18 years and above in rural areas of Lucknow. It was conducted using pre-designed questionnaire for data collection. COPD assessments were done using a combination of clinical history and portable spirometry. Data collected was analysed using SPSS 23.0 version.
Results: FEV1/FVC <0.7 was used to define COPD which yielded a prevalence of 8.5 percent among non-smoking participants. Gender, occupation, type of family, presence of ex-smoker, presence of dampness and livestock in the house were the risk factors that showed statistically significant association with COPD.
Conclusions: The higher prevalence noted in this study highlights the need for enhanced community-based screening programme for secondary prevention of COPD among adults.
Transition in determinants of maternal malnutrition in India over a period of two decades
Authors: Sengar Vijayata , Kaur Gurkiran
Published: December 2023

Background: In-depth understanding of the transition in the determinants, will aid in comprehending the potential changes in the future, reducing adverse outcomes and supporting ongoing nutrition and health programmes. Most of the studies have studied the determinants at a particular point in time, making it crucial to understand how these determinants have transitioned with the passing years. The present study was conducted to assess the transition in determinants of maternal malnutrition in India over a period of two decades by secondary data analysis using data from national family and health surveys.
Methods: For the present exploratory study, secondary data for India was obtained from the DHS program. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20 and above. Thinness [body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m²] was used as the dependent variable. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to ascertain the effects of selected characteristics on the dependent variable and to identify transition in determinants over two decades by comparing the datasets.
Results: Determinants of thinness like the place of residence, parity and partner’s occupation remained the same for the first decade however, changed in the last decade to socioeconomic status (OR 4.6: 95% CI [4.2-5.1]), age (OR 4.4: 95% CI [3.7-5.2]) and anemia levels (OR 2.3: 95% CI [2.0-2.7]).
Conclusions: The trend clearly indicates that the focus of government programs and policies needs to change and implies that a holistic approach is necessary for improvement.
A mixed method study to assess orodental problems and barriers to utilisation of orodental care in pregnant ladies of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Sharma Aishwarya , Sharma Himanshu , Supehia Sakshi , Upadhyay Preeti
Published: December 2023

Background: The hormonal changes along with decreased salivation during pregnancy result in many orodental problems. The existing orodental conditions worsen due to barriers to the utilisation of orodental care during pregnancy. The objective of this study is to assess orodental problems and barriers to utilisation of orodenatl care in pregnant ladies
Methods: Sample size is calculated using Cochran’s formula. The Purposive sampling technique was used to select hospitals and pregnant women from OPD of the gynecology and obstetrics department of hospitals selected in Himachal Pradesh. Using DMFT and CPI index, interview schedules the study's specific objectives are achieved.
Results: Out of a sample of 112, 92.8% of pregnant women had dental caries, 34.8% of pregnant women had got restorative treatment and 25.8% had their teeth extracted. The majority of pregnant women (51.8%) had dental calculus and (29.5%) shallow periodontal pockets. The system, personal, and caregiver-related barriers are responsible for the underutilisation of orodental care among pregnant women.
Conclusions: This study concluded many pregnant women face orodental problems along with a major factor of lack of dental education and no dental insurance associated with their orodental problems.
A status report on glanders in Madhya Pradesh, India: a re-emerging zoonotic disease
Authors: Bijlwan Aanchal , Kumar Saurav , Kaurav Yogesh S. , Sinha Veena , Singh Shailendra
Published: December 2023

Glanders, a zoonotic disease caused by Burkholderia mallei, has resurfaced as a significant health concern in Madhya Pradesh, India. This status report aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of glanders, exploring its epidemiology, clinical implications, and socio-economic impact in the region. The data was collected in the state of Madhya Pradesh comprising of seven divisions and 52 districts with a population of 8.74 crores (projected data from census 2011). The data available in Interated Disease Surveillance Program (IDSP) cell of Directorate Health Services (Madhya Pradesh) was collected from the year 2017-2021. 17 positive cases were reported in six districts in the year 2018, and 11 cases were reported in six districts in the year 2019. Subsequently, in the year 2020, a total of 3 cases were reported from a single district, and 4 cases were reported from 4 districts in the year 2021. Early detection of disease in susceptible animals, strict quarantine measures, testing and safe destruction of infected carcasses, adequate compensation to animal owners, disinfection of infected premises, and public awareness of glanders and their zoonotic implications through veterinary extension services can be some of the effective countermeasures against glanders.
The status of research on malnutrition among children under 5 years in Southern Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Shipanga Victoria , Kappas Martin , Wyss Daniel
Published: December 2023

Malnutrition rates remain alarming with stunting declining too slowly while wasting still impacts the lives of many young children. Globally, 5.6 million children die before their fifth birthday annually, with 80% of these deaths occurring in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia.  A total of 29 most relevant articles were included, which followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses for protocols (PRISMA-P). The literature search was conducted in multiple electronic databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Research Gate. A large proportion of the literature focused on determining factors associated with malnutrition. Similarities were found amongst various articles with findings highlighting household food insecurity as a major threat that leads to inadequate feeding practices and consequently resulting in undernutrition. This review assessed the state of knowledge on malnutrition in Southern Africa. The authors identified knowledge gaps that should be considered for future research. We did not come across any evaluation studies assessing food security interventions in response to malnutrition. Moreover, sanitation in relation to malnutrition is not broadly researched. We recommend future studies to apply a cross-sectional analytic design with mixed methods, combining survey data, geographical data, household and key informant interviews. There is a need to map the prevalence of malnutrition in children under five years and providing more knowledge on vulnerability and contexts that influence malnutrition including socio-economic, environmental and infrastructural conditions. We further recommend the use of GIS databases to generate information on spatio-temporal patterns of malnutrition.
Climate change: its impact on mental health and women and children's well-being
Authors: Maqbool Umair , Shahid Muhammad , Soo Sajid Bashir
Published: December 2023

Amid every crisis, women and children are considered the most vulnerable segments of the population. As such factions potentially get affected in every natural calamity. According to WHO, it has been evaluated that climate change will unravel all the achievements made in global public health over the past 50 years, sending 100 million people into poverty and killing 250,000 others annually. Although these figures are daunting, the ability to act robustly and effectively is indeed not out of capacity. Hence, it is pertinent to reforming and re-orienting health systems and bring robust strategies into action to mitigate the challenges posed by climate challenges in the present century. The world cannot afford the continuous agony of millions of masses and witnessing innocent people falling prey to several diseases and conditions that can lead them to face lifelong implications.
Nasopharyngeal Burkitt lymphoma masquerading as adenoid hypertrophy in an adult: a diagnostic challenge
Authors: D. Deepika Eswari , Pai Sunil , Kumar Ajay , Shenoy Ramnath , Rosario David , Nischal Hanock , J. Herison
Published: December 2023

This case report presents the diagnostic challenges encountered in identifying nasopharyngeal Burkitt lymphoma (BL) in an 18- year-old male initially misdiagnosed with adenoid hypertrophy. BL, a rare and aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), typically manifests in cervical lymphnodes or facial bones, making nasopharyngeal involvement unusual. The patient's symptoms progressed from nasal blockage to oropharyngeal dysphagia and neck swelling, prompting further investigation. Radiological assessments, including a CT scan, were inconclusive, leading to a diagnosis through excisional biopsy and immunohistochemistry, confirming BL with CD20, CD10, and Bcl-6 expression. Successful treatment involved six cycles of chemotherapy, resulting in complete remission. This case underscores the importance of considering rare malignancies in atypical presentations and highlights the role of comprehensive diagnostic approaches in achieving accurate and timely management.
Prototip Bir Âlim Şerafettin Yaltkaya Örnekliğinde Kelâm İlminde Dönüşümün Tarihî Seyri
Authors: TERZİOĞLU Hülya
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışmanın konusu XIX. yüzyılın ortalarında başlayan ve Cumhuriyetin ilk dönemlerini de içine alan kelâm tarihinde yeni ilm-i kelâm dönemi ismiyle maruf sürecin önemli bir simasının döneme katkısını etüt etmek olacaktır. Bu zat Mehmet Şerafettin Yaltkaya’dır (1880-1947). Yaltkaya hem mektepli hem de medreseli oluşu, âlim ve bürokrat kişiliğini birlikte ve güçlü bir şekilde temsil etmesi, Cumhuriyet Türkiyesi’nin değişim ve dönüşüm evrelerine açık destek vermesi gibi orijinal yönleriyle öne çıkmaktadır. Tarihte sıkıntılı ve zor zamanların zengin fikrî hareketlerin doğmasına da kaynaklık ettiği bilinmektedir. Yaltkaya da böylesi bir siyasî ve fikrî hinterlanttan beslenmiştir.

Bilindiği gibi Batı’da XIX. yüzyılda düşünce alanında başlayan değişimin ateist ve materyalist dünya görüşlerinin ortaya çıkmasına sebebiyet vermesi bizde de kelâmda yeni bir dönemin açılmasını zorunlu hale getiren önemli sebeplerden birisi olmuştur. Hatta Osmanlı ulemasının materyalizm eleştirilerine dair mesaisinin kelâm ilminde bu yeni dönemin açılmasının asıl sebebi olduğu yorumları da yapılmıştır. Bu itibarla Yaltkaya’nın durduğu noktayı ve katkılarını ele almadan önce yeni ilm-i kelâm döneminin tarihi şartlarını, değişen ve dönüşen cihetlerini, dönemi tanımamıza yardımcı olacak bazı temsilcilerinin görüşleri eşliğinde kısaca işlemeye çalıştık.

İkinci olarak asıl konumuz olan Şerafettin Yaltkaya’nın başta hayatının akışında öne çıkan ilmî ve aksiyonel yönleri olmak üzere kelâmî görüşlerinin temel dinamiklerini ve özellikle de Allah’ın varlığına dair güncellediği isbât-ı vâcib anlayışı ile hakkında tartışmaların yoğunlaştığı sosyal kelâm teorisini (ictimaî ilm-i kelâm) ele almaya gayret ettik. Tespit edebildiğimiz kadarıyla Yaltkaya’nın kelâmî görüşleri aslında kelâm, felsefe ve tasavvuf ekollerinin hepsinden istifade eden çok kutuplu bir yapı arz etmektedir. İslâmî ilimlerin farklı disiplinlerine olan ilgisi ve modern bilimlere merakı da ayrıca velûd kişiliğine katkı sağlamıştır. Öte yandan Batılı aydınlardan da etkilenerek akıl ve içgüdünün imkânlarını değerlendirdiği söylenmelidir.

Osmanlı modernleşmesi ve Cumhuriyet reformlarına destek vermesi hem İslâmcı hem de bir çeşit kültür milliyetçisi olan Yaltkaya’nın dikkat çeken önemli yönleri arasındadır. Başta kelâm ilmi olmak üzere felsefe, edebiyat, tasavvuf, mezhepler tarihi ve tıp tarihi gibi farklı alanlardaki birikimi ve verdiği eserlerle döneminin ilim ve fikir dünyasına önemli katkılar sağlamıştır. Buna ilaveten o dönem yeni açılan önemli lise ve üniversitelerde kelâm, felsefe ve mezhepler tarihi dersleri vermesinin ve Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı’nın ikinci reisi olarak görevlendirilmesinin makalemizde öne çıkardığımız fikirlerinin arka planına katkı verdiğini düşünüyoruz. Geleneksel ulemânın kelâmî görüşlerini yerine göre tenkide tâbî tutan Yaltkaya’nın çağdaşı olan Batılı bilim adamları ve felsefecileri de yakından tanıdığını ve kendilerinden etkilendiğini tespit etmiş bulunmaktayız.
Rükneddin es-Semerkandî’nin ‘Risâletü’r-rûḥ/Ruh Risâlesi’ Adlı Eseri: Tahlil ve Tahkîk
Authors: AĞAOĞLU Mustafa Vacid
Published: December 2023

Ruh meselesi, İslâm ilim ve düşünce tarihinin önemli ve merkezî konularından biri olmuştur. Zira ruh, insanı oluşturan iki unsurdan birini teşkil etmektedir; insan konusu ise hiç şüphesiz İslâm medeniyetinin önemi haiz meseleleri arasında yer almış ve bu konu İslâm entelektüellerini pek meşgul etmiştir. Bu bağlamda İslâm ilim ve düşünce havzasında biri naslardan hareketle diğeri ise Antik Yunan felsefesinden esinlenerek başlıca iki ana ruh tanımı inşa edilmiştir. Kelâmcılar ruhu, “latif bir cisim” olarak telakki etmişlerdir. Filozoflar ise onu, “soyut bir cevher” şeklinde tasavvur etmişlerdir. Kelâm ve felsefe arasındaki ruha dair bu ihtilaf, sadece fiziksel anlamda münhasır kalmamıştır; eskatoloji boyuta kadar giderek asırlarca süren bir polemiğe sebep olmuştur. Klasik-sonrası İslâm düşüncesinde, birçok konuda olduğu gibi bu mesele sadedinde de felsefenin etkisi diğer geleneklerin üzerinde görülmüştür. Öyle ki mezkûr dönemde ve sonraki süreçlerde kelâmî perspektiften ele alınan ruha dair eserler, felsefî perspektifi es geçememiştir. Bu bağlamda kelâmcı perspektif, kendisiyle ihtilaf ettiği ve özellikle meselenin bir ucu eskatolojik eksene uzandığı için filozoflara karşı eleştirilerini yapmış ve onların bu yöndeki tasavvurlarının çürütülmesini önemli bulmuştur. Mezkûr dönemin, yani klasik-sonrası İslâm ilim ve düşüncesinin bariz isimlerinden biri de Mâtürîdî ve Hanefî mezheplerine mensup Ebû Muhammed Rükneddin Ubeydullah b. Muhammed b. Abdilazîz es-Semerkandî (ö. 701/1301)’dir. Semerkandî, kelâm, Kur’an ilimleri, tefsir, fıkıh, hadis ve tasavvuf gibi alanlarda pek çok eser ve risâleler kaleme almıştır. Müellifin kaleme aldığı ve günümüze kadar ulaşan eserleri/risâleleri arasında; insanî-nâtık ruha dair “Risâletü’r-rûḥ” adlı bir eseri de yer almaktadır. Eserini bir giriş ve on fasıl/bölümden oluşturan Semerkandî, bir yandan naslardan beslenerek bir diğer yandan kısmî de olsa aklî argümanlardan hareketle; kelâmî ve tasavvufî bir üslup kullanmıştır. Eser, ruh konusunu ve bu bağlamda insanın mahiyetini, ruhun tanımı ve mahiyetini, bu sadette Ehl-i Sünnet ve filozofların görüşleri arasında karşılaştırma ve filozoflara yönelik eleştiriler, eskatolojiğe dair meâd meselesi, mutasavvıfların ruha dair düşünceleri, yine müellifin hadis olarak nitelendirdiği “nefsini bilen Rabbini bilir” sözü üzerinden Allah tasavvuru ve benzeri hususları ihtiva etmektedir. Bir mütekellim olarak ve Ehl-i Sünnet çizgisinden giderek Semerkandî, söz konusu risâlesinin ana problemi “insan” denildiğinde anlaşılması gerekenin ne olduğu, ruhun mahiyeti, meâdın hangi surette gerçekleşeceği ve bu meseleler üzerinden filozoflara yönelttiği eleştiriler ekseninde dönmektedir. Araştırma ve incelemelerimiz neticesinde mezkûr risâlenin henüz tahkîk ve neşrinin yapılmadığı görülmüştür. Yine incelemelerimiz sonucunda söz konusu risâlenin iki el yazma nüshasına ulaşılmıştır. Elinizdeki bu çalışma, Semerkandî’nin Risâletü’r-rûḥ adlı eserinin tahkîkli neşri ve inceleme kısmını kapsamaktadır.
Teklîf ve Adâlet Temelinde Hüsün-Kubuh: Âfet Olgusu
Authors: KOÇ Zeynep Hümeyra
Published: December 2023

Bu makalede olgusal bir gerçeklik olarak afetler; hüsün-kubuh temelinde, Allah’ın adaleti ve insanın sorumlu olması çerçevesinde ele alınacaktır. Bu bağlamda, insanın ve alemin ontik yapısı, insanın denenme sürecinde olması, bu sürecin imkânını sağlayan iyi-kötü/iyilik-kötülük tanımı, literatürdeki değerlendirmeler ve Allah’ın adâleti kapsamında teklîfin ne anlama geldiği tartışılacaktır. Kötülük problemi, her şeyi bilen, her şeye gücü yeten, iyi eylemlerde bulunan bir Tanrı’yla kötülüğün olduğu bir evreni uzlaştırmayı sorun edinmiştir. Afet de bir kötülük problemi olarak Allah, alem ve insanla ilişkili bir şekilde ele alınması gereken bir olgudur. Yaratma açısından Allah’la olan ilişkisi alemin yasalılığı olarak karşımıza çıkarken, olguyla muhatap olma ve sorumluluk açısından insanla ilişkisi teklîf konusu kapsamındadır. Dolayısıyla yaratmanın doğru anlaşılması ve teklîfin makuliyetinin temellendirilmesi afetler konusundaki birçok soruyu cevaplayacaktır. Kelam literatüründe bahsi geçen konular ve kavramlar, kelam okullarında dakik bir şekilde tartışılmıştır. Kelamcılar kendi söylem gruplarının paradigmasına uygun bir şekilde Allah ve ilahi fiili, insan ve insan fiillerini ve alemi tanımlamışlar, tartışmaları bu tanımlara ve kavramlara verdikleri anlamlar üzerinden yapmışlardır. Allah’ın ilim, kudret, irade, hikmet ve adalet sahibi olmasıyla insanın akıl fıtratında yaratılması tartışmaların temel belirleyenidir. Söz konusu kavram ve tanımlar, söylem grupları tarafından farklı anlaşılmış, buradan hareket eden tartışmalar cebir ve özgür irade arasında gidip gelmiştir. Olguyu tecrübe eden ve teolojik olarak neler olduğunu bilmek isteyen insanın, Kur’ân’ın Allah ve insan tasavvurunu bilmesi gerektiği burada anlam kazanmaktadır. Allah-insan ilişkisinin doğru ve ahlaki olarak sağlanması gerekmektedir. Dolayısıyla konu her bir kavram açısından çok defa üzerinde çalışılan başlıkları bir arada değerlendirmeyi gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu açıdan makale, ortaya koymaya çalıştığı insan profili ve Allah tasavvuruyla birtakım sorulara cevap aramayı amaçlamaktadır. Burada üç açıdan sorgulama yapmak gerekmektedir: İlki, varlığa ilişkin ahlaki değer içeren kavramların tabiatına dair ontolojik sorgulama; ikincisi, ahlaki değerin akılla mı yoksa vahiyle mi belirlendiğine dair epistemolojik sorgulama. Bu bağlamda son sorgulama ahlakidir. Buna göre, iyi-kötü ve iyilik-kötülük nedir? Bir değer olarak iyi ve kötü oluşu belirleyen nedir? İyi-kötü eylemin faili kimdir? Failin insan olması durumunda ilahi iradenin konumu nedir? İlâhî irade ve insan sorumluluğu arasındaki ilişki veya sınır nedir? Failin teolojik durumu nedir? Bu temelde afet nedir? Afetlerin değer hükmü nedir? Afetlerin Tanrı’nın fiilleriyle ilişkisi nedir? Afetlerin faili kimdir? Afetler imtihan mıdır? Afetler ilahi bir uyarı mıdır? Afetler ilahi bir ceza mıdır? Eğer bir ceza olarak hüküm atfedilirse bunun bilinme imkânı nedir? sorularına metin içerisinde kimi zaman doğrudan kimi zaman dolaylı cevap aranacaktır.
Muhammed Cân Yûsuf el-Karabâğî’nin Zorunlu Varlık Konusunda Bir Risâlesi: Tahkik ve Değerlendirme
Authors: TOKSÖZ Hatice
Published: December 2023

Bu makalede, Yusuf b. Muhammed Cân el-Karabâğî’nin (ö. 1035/1626) varlık (vücûd) ve Zorunlu Varlık’a (Vâcibü’l-Vücûd) ilişkin bazı meseleleri ele aldığı risalesinin tahkik ve tahlilinin yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada henüz üzerine herhangi bir çalışma yapılmamış olan Karabâğî’nin bu risalesinin tahkiki ve muhteva analizi yapılmak suretiyle risalenin İslam düşünce tarihi literatürüne kazandırılması hedeflenmiştir. Yusuf el-Karabâğî’nin doğum yeri ve eğitimi hakkında biyo-bibliyografik kaynaklarda herhangi bir bilgi yoktur. Tefsir ve kelam alanında eserleri olduğu bilinmektedir. Erbeu‘ Ta’lîkâtin fi’t-Tefsîr, Risâle fi’l-Mübâheseti elletî Vaka‘at fî Sûreti’l-Feth beyne’l-Ulemâ, Hâşiye ‘alâ Şerhi’l-Akāid’l-Adudiyye, Şerhu Risâleti İsbâti’l-vâcib li’d-Devvânî adlı risaleler onun eserlerinden bazılarıdır. Çalışmaya konu olan bu risalenin yazma eser kütüphanelerinde üç nüshası olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu nüshalardan ilki, Selimiye Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi 791 numarada; ikincisi Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi Carullah Efendi Koleksiyonu 1210 numarada ve üçüncüsü de Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi Yazma Bağışlar Koleksiyonu 1960 numarada kayıtlıdır. Zikredilen nüshalardan Selimiye Kütüphanesi 791 numarada kayıtlı nüsha, hem çok açık ve okunabilir olması nedeniyle hem de ferağ kaydında müstensihin istinsah kaydı dikkate alınarak tahkikte asıl olarak tercih edilmiştir. Çünkü müstensih bu nüshayı döneminde mevcut olan, ancak günümüze ulaşmayan diğer nüshalarla mukabele ederek yazmıştır. Müellif, eserin mukaddime kısmında risalenin adını açıkça zikretmez. Risalenin mukaddime kısmında doğru düşünceyi bulmada şifa olacak konuları topladığını ifade etmektedir. Muhtevası incelendiğinde ise risalenin varlık (vücûd) ve özellikle Zorunlu Varlık’a (vâcibü’l-vücûd) ilişkin bazı meseleleri içerdiği anlaşılmaktadır. Müellifin risalede farklı bir yöntem izlediği de görülmektedir. Zira Yusuf el-Karabâğî, risaleyi “halve” şeklinde adlandırdığı yedi bölüme ayırmıştır. Ayrıca her bir bölüme de bazen bir bazen de iki “vakf” adını verdiği alt başlıklar eklemiştir. Her bir bölüme eklediği bu alt başlıklarda incelediği konuda otorite olan bir düşünürün görüşlerine yer vermiştir. Müellif, risâlede burhân-ı tatbîk, burhân-ı tezâyüf, burhân-ı süllemî gibi burhan yöntemlerini, devr, teselsül, vücûd, Vâcibü’l-Vücûd, mümkin, kadîm, hâdis, illet, ma’lûl, tam illet, nûr, zulmet, el-âlemü’l-misâlî, berzah ve cüz-i lâ yetecezzâ (cevher-i ferd) gibi kavramları inceler. Bu çerçevede Karabâğî, kısırdöngü (devr) ve zincirlemenin (teselsül) iptali yoluyla Zorunlu Varlık’ın varlığının kanıtlaması meselesi, Zorunlu Varlık’ın birliği (tevhîd), zât-sıfat ilişkisi, Zorunlu Varlık’ın ilim sıfatı gibi konuları tartışır. Sonuç olarak Yusuf el-Karabâğî, mezkûr risalede İslam düşünce geleneğinin önemli bir meselesi olan varlık (vücûd) ve Zorunlu Varlık ile ilgili bazı tartışmaları ve görüşleri kendine özgü bir yöntemle incelemiştir.
The changing piety and spirituality: a new trend of Islamic urbanism in Yogyakarta and Surakarta
Authors: Alam Lukis , Setiawan Benni , Harimurti Shubhi Mahmashony , Miftahulhaq Miftahulhaq , Alam Meredian
Published: December 2023

The prevalence of urban spiritualism is on the rise among residents of major cities.One observable manifestation of urban spiritualism is the growing number ofdiverse social recitation gatherings. The present research looks into four distinctprofiles of assemblies that have emerged in the urban areas of Yogyakarta andSurakarta. The four assemblies comprise Muslim United and Teras Dakwah. InSurakarta, it is worth noting the presence of two prominent organisations, namelyMajelis Ar-Raudhah, established by Habib Novel Alaydrus, and Majelis BusytanulAsyiqin, founded by Habib Syech Assegaf. This study elucidates the techniquesemployed by the aforementioned four assemblies to disseminate moderatereligious knowledge within urban circles, as well as their respective reactions tothe evolving spiritual dynamics observed within urban communities. The presentstudy employs a qualitative methodology, specifically a field study approach. Thefindings of this study suggest a shift in the dominance of religious authority amongrenowned ustadz and habaib figures. By endorsing the dissemination of widelyrecognised da’wah conducted by these prominent individuals, it contributesto the enhancement of religious literacy among urban populations. The studyfindings also interpret the santrinisation and piety activities observed in urbancommunities as a tangible expression of the veracity of religious teachings.
Better Inset in Nipple Reconstruction by Modification in Skate Flap: A Case Study
Authors: Rahmati Javad , Haddady-Abianeh Shahriar , Abdolrazagh Hosseinali , Pourahmadian Iraj , Molaei Hojjat
Published: December 2023

NAC reconstruction represents the final stage of breast reconstruction. This can be accomplished thr ough non-surgical and surgical procedures, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. The majority of surgeons employ the Skate flap. The following is a de monstration of a modific ation to this flap. A woman, 56 years of age, who had previously undergone breast reconstruction using a TRAM flap, was admitted for nipple reconstruction. During the design of the star flap, a modification was executed, which involved reciprocally changing the orientation of the lateral flaps. Both flaps were properly positioned in their prepared locations during the flap inset and skin closure. The final outcome was satisfactory and aesthetically pleasing. The modification in the design of the Skate flap alters the orientation of the transferred flaps, making the final inse t feasible with less dis figurement.
Presentation Invasive Mole After Normal Pregnancy: A Very Rare Case Report
Authors: Tehranian Afsaneh , Ghahghaei-Nezamabadi Akram , Dastjerdi Marzieh Vahid , Esalatmanesh Sophia , Seifollahi Akram
Published: December 2023

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is a rare neoplasm and is a spectrum of proliferative disorders of placenta. Invasive mole is a subtype of GTN that almost always arises after molar pregnancy. This report presents a 35-year-old woman with an atypical presentation of invasive mole after a normal pregnancy. The patient presented with a complaint of vaginal bleeding after normal vaginal delivery. Invasive mole was diagnosed based on findings of imaging and elevated beta human chorionic gonadotropin (ß-hCG) levels. Hysterectomy was finally decided upon due to severe vaginal bleeding and the patient’s request. Although GTN occurs after normal delivery, the patient recovered without receiving chemotherapy. It is important to consider all subtypes of GTN as a differential diagnosis of patients with abnormal postpartum bleeding and elevated ß-hCG levels even after a normal pregnancy.
Evaluation of Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women With Low Amniotic Fluid Index
Authors: Milani Forozan , Khosousi Leila , Sharami Seyedeh Hajar , Shakiba Maryam , Rasoulian Javid , Attari Seyedeh Maryam , Donyaei-Mobarrez Yalda
Published: December 2023

Objective: The outcomes and management of low amniotic fluid index (AFI) in pregnancy are controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between low AFI and perinatal outcomes.
Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted on 420 uncomplicated singleton pregnant women with a gestational age of over 28 weeks who referred to Al-Zahra Hospital in Rasht (Iran) for routine perinatal care. Pregnant women were divided into 3 groups of 140 patients based on the AFI and were followed up until delivery. Three groups included normal (8<AFI≤25 cm(, borderline )5<AFI≤8 cm( and oligohydramnios (AFI≤5cm( AFI.
Results: The three adverse outcomes of respiratory distress, hospitalization in NICU, and length of hospitalization were statistically significantly different between the two groups with normal and borderline AFI and in the borderline group was more than the normal group. Adverse outcomes including; low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA), respiratory distress, 1- min APGAR scores<7, hospitalization in NICU and its duration were statistically significantly different between the two groups with normal AFI and oligohydramnios, and it was more in the oligohydramnios group than the normal group. The three adverse outcomes of LBW, SGA and1- min APGAR scores<7 in the two borderline and oligohydramnios groups had statistically significant differences and were more in the oligohydramnios group than the borderline group.
Conclusion: Consideration to the AFI in perinatal care to predict adverse perinatal outcomes and perform necessary interventions to improve these outcomes is necessary.
Determinants of The First Birth Interval Among Women in India
Authors: Nagdeve Dewaram A. , Nagdeve Dewaram A. , Pradhan Manas Ranjan
Published: December 2023

Objective: The first-birth interval after a marriage indicates the reproduction behavior of women and influences the population's birth rates and size. The present study assesses predictors of the interval between marriage and first childbirth in India.
Materials and methods: The study employed the Cox proportional hazard model and Kaplan Meier Survival plot based on the data collected from 79,787 ever-married women in the 15-49 age group from the National Family Health Survey 2019-2021
Results: The median age of marriage to the first birth interval was 23 months in India. The older marriage cohort had longer birth intervals than the younger. The hazard ratios (HR) showed that the risk of first birth after marriage was much higher among women with higher education (HR= 2.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.98-2.11) than women without education. Women in urban areas (HR=1.22, 95% CI = 1.20-1.25) had a higher risk of first birth after marriage earlier than women from rural areas. Women from North-east (HR=1.14, 95%CI=1.10-1.18) and South (HR=1.15, 95%CI=1.12-1.19) had a higher risk of having their first birth earlier after marriage than women in the North region. The women who married within 18-24 years of age had a 69 percent higher likelihood of first birth interval than those women who were married below the age of 18. The risk of first birth after marriage increased as women delayed marriage up to age 25 years and more (HR=3.18, 95% CI=3.02-3.35) than others.
Conclusion: The timing of first birth was associated with the age at the first marital union, women's educational attainment, place of residence, region, economic status, exposure to mass media, contraception use, and history of pregnancy termination.