bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploration of the Structural, Dielectric, Ferroelectric, and Piezoelectric Properties in Non-stoichiometric Sr1−XBi2+2X/3Nb2O9 Ceramics
Authors: Singh Rajveer , Gautam Meenakshi , Luthra Vandna , Subramanian Shankar
Published: October 2023

In this study, the authors focused on the preparation and characterization of Lead-free ferroelectric ceramics known as Sr1−XBi2+2X/3Nb2O9: SBBNX, where 0.0≤ × ≤0.4. The ceramics were synthesized using a conventional solid-state reaction route. The researchers performed X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to confirm the phase formation and employed the Rietveld refinement technique. The results indicated that the prepared SBBNX ceramics exhibited a single phase with an orthorhombic structure, specifically belonging to the A21am space group. All samples were subjected to analysis using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) to investigate their surface morphology. The micrographs revealed a uniform distribution of grains (of size 2–4 μm ) on the surface, with distinct grain boundaries. An increasing trend in both the dielectric constant (from 99 to 220 at room temperature) and transition temperature (from 396 °C to 490 °C) was noted with an increase of Bi content in SBN. The researchers estimated the activation energies by analyzing the Arrhenius plots of the ac conductivity. The obtained values ranged from 0.62 to 1.25 eV, indicating the presence of motion of oxygen vacancies in the SBBNX ceramics. The primary objective of this study was to optimize the Sr/Bi ratio in SBBNX ceramics to enhance their potential use in non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM) applications and high-temperature piezoelectric devices.
DFT Investigation of Electronic and Mechanical Properties of Binary Magnesium-Rare Earth Alloys Examined with Data Mining Approach
Authors: Saidi Fatiha , Ouadah Ouahiba , Ameur Nawel
Published: October 2023

The study employed density functional theory (DFT) in conjunction with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) to investigate the electronic, structural, and mechanical properties of twelve rare Earth-magnesium alloys. These alloys exhibit remarkable mechanical stability, with HoMg and ErMg displaying exceptional shear resistance and stiffness, making them promising candidates for demanding applications. Furthermore, our analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) revealed significant trends and correlations among the material properties of these alloys, offering insights into their potential industrial applications. This research not only advances our understanding of rare Earth-magnesium alloys but also contributes to the development of advanced materials in engineering and industry.
Maternal high-fat diet changes breathing pattern and causes excessive sympathetic discharge in juvenile offspring rat
Authors: Karlen-Amarante Marlusa , Bassi Mirian , Barbosa Rafaela Moreira , Sá Jéssica Matheus , Menani José Vanderlei , Colombari Eduardo , Zoccal Daniel B. , Colombari Debora Simões Almeida
Published: October 2023

Maternal obesity is a risk factor for developing cardiorespiratory and metabolic diseases. This study highlights the changes on the breathing pattern and sympathetic discharge to blood vessels in juvenile offspring from dams fed with HFD. Maternal obesity modified the functioning of cardiorespiratory systems in offspring, inducing active expiration and sympathetic overactivity. These observations represent new evidence about pregnancy-related complications that lead to the development of respiratory distress and hypertension in children of obese mothers.
Chronic alcohol use primes bronchial cells for altered inflammatory response and barrier dysfunction during SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Easley Kristen F. , Edenfield R. Clayton , Lott Megan E. J. , Reed Ryan C. , Das Sarma Jayasri , Mehta Ashish J. , Staitieh Bashar S. , Lipp Erin K. , Cho In Ki , Johnson Scott K. , Jones Cheryl A. , Bebin-Blackwell Anne-Gaelle , Levy Joshua M. , Tompkins S. Mark , Easley Charles A. , Koval Michael
Published: October 2023

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a significant risk factor for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. We found that AUD causes a phenotypic shift in gene expression in human bronchial epithelial cells, enhancing expression of epidermal genes. AUD cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had higher levels of proinflammatory cytokine secretion and barrier dysfunction not present in infected non-AUD cells, consistent with increased early COVID-19 severity due to AUD.
miR‐432‐5p Inhibits the Ferroptosis in Cardiomyocytes Induced by Hypoxia/Reoxygenation via Activating Nrf2/SLC7A11 Axis by Degrading Keap1
Authors: Geng Wei , Yan Shaohua , Li Xinyue , Liu Qiumei , Zhang Xuefei , Gu Xinshun , Tian Xiang , Jiang Yunfa
Published: October 2023

Early reperfusion into the myocardium after ischemia causes myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury and ferroptosis was involved. Ischemia activates the expression of a series of oxidative stress genes and their downstream regulatory genes, including ferroptosis‐related genes such as nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and SLC7A11. This study adopted primary cardiomyocytes and I/R in rats to evaluate the ferroptosis and changing of Nrf2‐SLC7A11/heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) in vitro and in vivo. Online analysis tools were used to predict the possible target Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1) of miR‐432‐5p. The mimic of miR‐432‐5p plasmid was constructed to verify the effect of miR‐432‐5p on ferroptosis. We found that hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in cardiomyocytes and I/R in rats induced lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes. The activation of the Nrf2‐SLC7A11/HO‐1 pathway protects cardiomyocytes from ferroptosis. Downregulation of miR‐432‐5p has been confirmed in H/R cardiomyocytes (in vitro) and cardiomyocytes in myocardial infarction rats (in vivo). Upregulation of miR‐432‐5p inhibited ferroptosis of cardiomyocytes induced by RAS‐selective lethal 3 (RSL3), an inhibitor of GPX4 and ferroptosis inducer through decreasing the binding protein of Nrf2, Keap1, which was confirmed by bioinformatics and mutation assay. Knockdown Nrf2 attenuates the protection effect of miR‐432‐5p on H/R cardiomyocytes. Intravenous delivery of liposome carriers of miR‐432‐5p remarkably ameliorated cardiomyocyte impairment in the I/R animal model. In conclusion, miR‐432‐5p inhibits the ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes induced by H/R by activating Nrf2/SLC7A11 axis by degrading Keap1 and is a potential drug target for clinical myocardial infarction treatment.
Beyond the Scale: Investigating Adiponectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 as Metabolic Markers in Obese Adolescents with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Widjaja Nur Aisiyah , Caesar Leonardo Alexander , Nova Suhasta , Ardianah Eva
Published: October 2023

Background. Adiponectin acts to prevent vascular dysfunction due to obesity by inhibiting ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expressions. Objective. We investigate adiponectin ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in obese adolescents. Methods. A cross-sectional study with healthy obese adolescents aged 13 to 18 years was conducted from October 2019 to January 2020. Statistical analysis conducted was a test of normality and homogeneity tests, ANOVA/Kruskal–Wallis, independent sample T-test/Mann–Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation and determined as significant if

p

value <0.05. Results. 125 obese adolescents were recruited. 42 (33.6%) were obese with MetS (we grouped as MetS) and 83 (66.4%) subjects without MetS (non-MetS group). VCAM-1 was significantly higher on boys with MetS compared to girls with MetS, and even girls with MetS had lower levels of VCAM-1 than boys with non-MetS. ICAM-1 was significantly higher in boys with low-level HDL-c (

p
<
0.05

) and correlated weakly with HDL-c, while adiponectin levels were significantly lower in girls with central obesity and hypertriglyceridemia. Path analysis showed that triglyceride had a direct effect on ICAM-1 but not VCAM-1 in both obese boys and girls. Adiponectin had a negative direct effect on ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in girls. However, on boys, diastole blood pressure had a negative direct effect, which might be the role of sex hormones indirectly. Conclusion. VCAM-1 was significantly higher in boys than girls, which showed that boys had a higher risk of atherosclerosis. ICAM-1 showed no significant difference in both gender and metabolic states. Adiponectin showed a protective effect by lowering ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 directly on girls.
On the Responses of Braced Diaphragm Wall Supporting Deep Excavation Subjected to Asymmetric Surcharge Loads
Authors: Akan Recep
Published: October 2023

As cities grow, so does the need for housing and transportation infrastructure, necessitating deep excavations. Near the deep excavation, especially in the urban centers, there are existing structures whose loads are often different, resulting in asymmetric loading of the excavation system and different behavior on each side of the excavation. In this study the strut forces, lateral deformations, bending moments on each wall, as well as the settlements and heaves of the soil behind both walls in the asymmetrically loaded strut-supported excavation system are determined using the finite element method (FEM). The analyzes are performed using Plaxis 2D v20, a computer software based on the FEM. In addition, regression analyses are performed on the results, and correlations that predict the relevant results depending on the surcharge loads are presented.
Exploring Hematological Parameters and Their Prognostic Value in Adult COVID-19 Patients: Insights from Mogadishu, Somalia
Authors: Ali Mude Abdirasak Sharif , Mohamed Agena Musa Abd Elhadi
Published: October 2023

There were no data on SARS-CoV-2 and hematology in Mogadishu, Somalia, despite the fact that many prior investigations of SARS-CoV-2 and hematology have already been conducted in many different parts of the world. As a result, this study aimed to assess hematological changes in COVID-19-infected patients at some selected hospitals in Mogadishu, Somalia. Methods. Outright, 433 COVID-19 patients were included in this study, which used a hospital-based cross-sectional design to investigate hematological alterations using the Mindray full automated hematological analyzer. Furthermore, ethical considerations were taken into account during the study. All individuals provided informed consent prior to participation in the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results. The median age of the current study was 54.65 ± 20.486 years. People with diabetes, high blood pressure, asthma, or heart disease made up 21.2%, 21.2%, 20%, and 2.1% of the study population, respectively. According to the patients’ hematological profiles, 89.5% of them had leukopenia, 86.8% had lymphopenia, and 89% had neutrophilia. Monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and thrombocytes were typically normal although around 50.4% individuals exhibited anemia. Conclusion. Hematological indicators can predict how bad the illness is and how it will turn out, which helps guide clinical therapy. Leukopenia, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and anemia were found in this study. At the time of admission, a thorough review of laboratory parameters can help clinicians make a treatment plan and quickly give intensive care to the patients who need it most.
Supplementary Data Figure 5 from Metastatic Competency and Tumor Spheroid Formation Are Independent Cell States Governed by RB in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Freeburg Nelson F. , Peterson Nia , Ruiz Dain A. , Gladstein Amy C. , Feldser David M.
Published: October 2023

Metastatic competency group signature enrichment and patient survival.
Supplementary Data Figure 2 from Metastatic Competency and Tumor Spheroid Formation Are Independent Cell States Governed by RB in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Freeburg Nelson F. , Peterson Nia , Ruiz Dain A. , Gladstein Amy C. , Feldser David M.
Published: October 2023

RB restoration reduces BrdU incorporation.
Impact of Eliminating Cost-Sharing by Medicare Beneficiaries for Follow-Up Colonoscopy After a Positive Stool-based Colorectal Cancer Screening Test
Authors: Fendrick A. Mark , Lieberman David , Chen Jing Voon , Vahdat Vahab , Ozbay A. Burak , Limburg Paul J.
Published: October 2023

Medicare coverage of a follow-up colonoscopy after a positive stool-based colorectal cancer screening test with no patient cost-sharing started January 2, 2023, which may favorably affect screening behavior. This analysis estimated the clinical and economic effects of increased colorectal cancer screening participation potentially resulting from this policy change in Medicare beneficiaries. The validated Colorectal Cancer and Adenoma Incidence & Mortality (CRC-AIM) model simulated three guideline-endorsed colorectal cancer screening strategies for average-risk individuals (colonoscopy every 10 years, annual fecal immunochemical test, triennial multitarget stool DNA) from ages 65–75 years. The base-case scenario assumed 0% coinsurance for initial screening and follow-up colonoscopy, real-world screening test use (colonoscopy = 45.3%, stool-based test = 24.4%, unscreened = 30.3%), and real-world follow-up colonoscopy rates. Comparative scenarios assumed an increase in the overall screening rate from 0% to 15% (5% increments) and an increase in the follow-up colonoscopy rate from 0% to 15% (5% increments). The base-case scenario resulted in 128 life-years gained (LYG)/1,000 individuals versus no screening and total screening and treatment costs of $7,938/person. The changes resulted in an increase of up to 26 LYG/1,000 individuals and a decrease in total screening and treatment costs by as much as $128/person. Follow-up colonoscopy at $0 coinsurance became cost-saving with any increase in either overall screening or follow-up colonoscopy. Policies that remove cost barriers to completing colorectal cancer screening may increase rates of screening participation, potentially improving economic and clinical outcomes.

Significance:

A follow-up colonoscopy after a positive stool-based colorectal cancer screening test is necessary to complete the full screening process. Policies that remove cost barriers to completing colorectal cancer screening may lead to increases in overall participation rates and use of follow-up colonoscopy, improving clinical and economic outcomes.
On the Relevance of Posterior and Midfrontal Theta Activity for Visuospatial Attention
Authors: Asanowicz Dariusz , Panek Bartłomiej , Kotlewska Ilona , van der Lubbe Rob
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study was to examine whether oscillatory activity in the theta-band is relevant for selective visuospatial attention when there is a need for the suppression of interfering and distracting information. A variant of the Eriksen flanker task was employed with bilateral arrays: one array consisting of a target and congruent or incongruent flankers and the second array consisting of neutral distractors. The bilateral arrays were preceded either by a 100% valid spatial cue or by a neutral cue. In the cue–target interval, a major burst in medial frontal theta power was observed, which was largest in the spatial cue condition. In the latter condition, additionally a posterior theta increase was observed that was larger over sites ipsilateral to the forthcoming target array. Functional connectivity analyses revealed that this pretarget posterior theta was related to the midfrontal theta. No such effects were observed in the neutral cue condition. After onset of the bilateral arrays, a major burst in posterior theta activity was observed in both cue conditions, which again was larger above sites ipsilateral to the target array. Furthermore, this posterior theta was in all cases related to the midfrontal theta. Taken together, the findings suggest that a fronto-posterior theta network plays an important role in the suppression of irrelevant and conflicting visual information. The results also suggest that the reciprocal relation between visuospatial attention and executive response control may be closer than commonly thought.
Prospective and Retrospective Metacognitive Abilities and Their Association with Impaired Self-awareness in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Yoshida Kazuki , Sawamura Daisuka , Ogawa Keita , Mototani Takuroh , Ikoma Katsunori , Sakai Shinya
Published: October 2023

Metacognitive impairment often occurs in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is associated with clinical problems. The aim of this study was to clarify the pathology of metacognitive impairment in TBI patients using a behavioral task, clinical assessment of self-awareness, and lesion-symptom mapping. Metacognitive abilities of TBI patients and healthy controls were assessed using a modified perceptual decision-making task. Self-awareness was assessed using the Patient Competency Rating Scale and the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale. The associations between estimated metacognitive abilities, self-awareness, and neuropsychological test results were examined. The correspondence between metacognitive disabilities and brain lesions was explored by ROI-based lesion-symptom mapping using structural magnetic resonance images. Overall, 25 TBI patients and 95 healthy controls were included in the analyses. Compared with that in healthy controls, the prospective metacognitive ability of TBI patients was lower, with metacognitive evaluations revealing a bias toward overestimating their abilities. Retrospective metacognitive ability showed a negative correlation with self-awareness but not with neuropsychological test results. In the lesion-symptom mapping analysis, the left pFC was associated with lower retrospective metacognitive ability. This study contributes to a better understanding of the pathology of metacognitive and self-awareness deficits in TBI patients and may explain the cause of impaired realistic goal setting and adaptive behavior in these patients.
Who published the name Kalanchoe longiflora (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae)? The correct author attribution and typification of this species name
Authors: SMITH GIDEON F.
Published: October 2023

In the literature on Kalanchoe, the name K. longiflora (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), an endemic of the KwaZulu-Natal midlands of South Africa, has been variously attributed to Rudolf Schlechter and/or to John Medley Wood. This matter is reviewed, and it is shown that Schlechter’s contribution to the nomenclature of K. longiflora consisted only of having suggested the name of the species and that it was published by Wood. The typification status of the name K. longiflora is corrected.
The Summer Atmospheric Convection Variability over the Tropical Western North Pacific Independent of and Dependent on the Preceding Winter ENSO
Authors: Chen Peishan , Lu Riyu
Published: October 2023

It has been well known that the preceding winter ENSO affects the atmospheric convection over the tropical western North Pacific (WNP) in summer, which has important impacts on Asian climate. However, more than half of the interannual variance in tropical WNP convection cannot be explained by ENSO. This study separates the WNP convection into two components, namely, independent of and dependent on the preceding winter ENSO, and compares the anomalies associated with these two components. The linear regression results indicate that the independent convection suppression corresponds to significant cyclonic anomalies over East Asia in both the lower and upper troposphere, and correspondingly a southward displacement of upper-tropospheric East Asian westerly jet. By contrast, these circulation anomalies are weakened for the dependent convection suppression, which is more closely related to the lower-tropospheric cyclonic anomalies over the Indian Ocean. Accordingly, the independent and dependent components exert distinct impacts on rainfall and temperature in Asia. Specifically, the independent suppression corresponds to more significantly enhanced rainfall in subtropical East Asia compared with the dependent one. Moreover, there are colder surface air temperatures in the midlatitude East Asia for the independent suppression and warmer temperatures in South and Southeast Asia for the dependent suppression. Further analyses suggest that the circulation and climate anomalies for the independent component are mainly contributed by July and August, while those for the dependent component become weak from June to August. These results can be helpful for a better understanding of summer Asian climate variability and predictability.
Contested Neighborhood Boundaries and Intergroup and Intragroup Violence
Authors: Vogel Matt , Lentz Theodore S. , Steenbeek Wouter
Published: October 2023

This paper expands the concept of contested neighborhood boundaries to account for spatial variation in violence across urban neighborhoods. We argue that contested boundaries—defined as spaces in which one group holds a narrow majority in close proximity to a large minority group—will contain the highest levels of intergroup violence. Conversely, levels of intragroup violence will be comparatively low in these areas, as contested spatial boundaries will give rise to more clearly defined group boundaries, increasing solidarity and placing downward pressure on intragroup conflict. We assess this bifurcated perspective by appending geocoded data on over 13,000 violent crimes to 359 Census block groups in St. Louis, MO for the period spanning 2010 to 2014.
Professional Identity as an Analytic Lens for Principal Learning in Contexts of Transformation
Authors: Resnick Alison Fox
Published: October 2023

Purpose: Many efforts for educational transformation involve fundamentally new visions of the principal's role. This article examines the potential of an analytic framework for understanding principal learning in such contexts. An adaptation of an analytic approach to studying teacher learning, the framework examines learning as individual professional identity development situated within shifts in local definitions of competence for the role of the principal. Research Approach: Grounded in a sociocultural perspective, the analytic framework is designed for analysis of (a) how individuals develop new professional identities, and (b) how such learning is situated in contexts of shifting, local narratives and expectations about professional roles, responsibilities, and competence. The use of the analytic framework is illustrated through qualitative analysis of a case of a district effort to support four elementary principals to develop fundamentally different leadership practice specific to participation in teacher professional development. Findings: Illustrative findings reveal the gradual and complex development of principal role identities specific to the emerging expectations for practice. For the first part of the year, principals demonstrated evidence of enacting new practice out of compliance. As the year progressed, the analysis indicated that principals began to identify with new expectations for practice and shift their underlying conceptions of student and teacher learning. Implications: The analytic framework has methodological implications for how principal learning for the transformation of practice is conceptualized, studied, and supported in local contexts.
Occlusal Force Maintains Alveolar Bone Homeostasis via Type H Angiogenesis
Authors: Chen Y. , Yin Y. , Luo M. , Wu J. , Chen A. , Deng L. , Xie L. , Han X.
Published: October 2023

Physiologically, teeth and periodontal tissues are exposed to occlusal forces throughout their lifetime. Following occlusal unloading, unbalanced bone remodeling manifests as a net alveolar bone (AB) loss. This phenomenon is termed alveolar bone disuse osteoporosis (ABDO), the underlying mechanism of which remains unclear. Type H vessels, a novel capillary subtype tightly coupled with osteogenesis, reportedly have a role in skeletal remodeling; however, their role in ABDO is not well studied. In the present study, we aimed to explore the pathogenesis of and therapies for ABDO. The study revealed that type H endothelium highly positive for CD31 and endomucin was identified in the periodontal ligament (PDL) but rarely in the AB of the mice. In hypofunctional PDL, the density of type H vasculature and coupled osterix+ (OSX+) osteoprogenitors declined significantly. In addition, the angiogenic factor Slit guidance ligand 3 (SLIT3) was downregulated in the disused PDL, and periodontal injection of the recombinant SLIT3 protein partially ameliorated type H vessel dysfunction and AB loss in ABDO mice. With regard to the molecular mechanism, a mechanosensory signaling circuit, PIEZO1/Ca2+/HIF-1α/SLIT3, was validated by applying cyclic compression to 3-dimensional–cultured PDL cells using the Flexcell FX-5000 compression system. In summary, PDL plays a pivotal role in mechanotransduction by translating physical forces into the intracellular signaling axis PIEZO1/Ca2+/HIF-1α/SLIT3, which promotes type H angiogenesis and OSX+ cell–related osteogenensis, thereby contributing to AB homeostasis. Our findings advance the understanding of PDL in AB disorders. Further therapies targeting SLIT3 may provide new insights into preventing bone loss in ABDO.
Employment in a post-colonial society – The case of Greenland
Authors: Ravn Rasmus Lind , Høgedahl Laust
Published: October 2023

In the fields of labour market research and industrial relations research, there is increasing interest in post-colonial societies and the labour market outcomes of indigenous peoples. However, existing research has generally underexplored the Greenlandic labour market. This is particularly true for factors associated with the Greenlandic Inuit population's employment outcomes. In this article, we investigate barriers and potentials for labour market participation in Greenland, focusing on individual-level factors that promote or inhibit the likelihood of being employed. We use a unique, nationally representative survey of the working-age population and explore these factors through a series of logistic regression analyses. We find that educational attainment, positive self-assessed health, and the number of people in the household were positively related to employment. Our most important findings and contributions are that respondents who answered the survey in Greenlandic were less likely to be employed compared to those who answered it in Danish. Furthermore, if a respondent was born in Greenland, compared to being born in Denmark, it lowers the likelihood of being employed. We interpret this disparity as evidence of an ethnically segregated labour market with indications of discrimination.
The translanguaging school
Authors: Hernandez Garcia Mina , Schleppegrell Mary J. , Sobh Hasna , Monte-Sano Chauncey
Published: October 2023

Translanguaging supports emergent bilingual students to draw on languages they bring to the classroom to learn, even as they develop English. This practice also supports schools to develop stronger partnerships with students’ communities. Mina Hernandez Garcia, Mary J. Schleppegrell, Hasna Sobh, and Chauncey Monte-Sano report on a researcher-teacher collaboration that studied translanguaging and how it enabled students to demonstrate their knowledge while engaging in inquiry in social studies. Interviews with the teacher and students and episodes of classroom interaction exemplify how students participated and shared their perspectives. They suggest how schools, teachers, and community members can create a translanguaging school that supports students’ learning and futures as bilingual citizens.
Accountability for long-term English learners
Authors: Villegas Leslie
Published: October 2023

The English learner (EL) population has grown by 35% in the last 20 years. However, in addition to new students being identified as ELs, the EL subgroup is being inflated by students who are not being reclassified within a reasonable and developmentally appropriate timeframe. These students, often labeled long term ELs (LTELs), are a product of chronic systemic failures that have barred these students from an equitable education. Leslie Villegas provides an overview of the LTEL phenomenon and offers recommendations for creating a more even picture of the problem.
How Coaches Get In
Authors: Munson Jen , Saclarides Evthokia Stephanie
Published: October 2023

While coaches can have a positive impact on teachers’ practice and students’ learning, in many school districts teachers have the autonomy to decide whether and when to work with a coach. Coaches then must work to gain access to teachers’ classrooms. In a recent study of 28 content-focused coaches, researchers Jen Munson and Evthokia Stephanie Saclarides found that coaches used six types of strategies to gain access, typically coordinating multiple strategies tailored to the context. In this article, they describe these strategies and provide a reflection tool coaches can use to identify strategies they might use to increase their classroom access to support teaching and learning.
Thinking through research and the science of reading
Authors: Hiebert Elfrieda H.
Published: October 2023

The science of reading has captured the attention of educators, policy makers, and the public. Elfrieda H. Hiebert recounts some of what she’s learned from her recent exploration of the topic. She has found that research evidence tends to fall into three categories: research that provides unequivocal conclusions, research that holds promise for solving enduring problems, and research that calls into question long-standing assumptions. When it comes to reading, research is clear that students should learn consistent and common patterns in how letters relate to sounds. Emerging research suggests that automaticity in recognizing letter-sound patterns in words is a function of the frequency with which students encounter patterns in words, making the amount that students read an essential consideration in reading instruction. Research calls into question common assumptions about the 4th-grade slump and what below-basic performance looks like. Understanding the sources of below-basic performances can support students in becoming proficient readers.
‘It does happen here’
Authors: Hambacher Elyse , Desrosiers Denise
Published: October 2023

In predominantly white and affluent communities, it is a common belief that race and racism are irrelevant because there is little to no racial diversity in these communities. Elyse Hambacher and Denise Desrosiers describe how a New Hampshire school district in a mostly white community navigates teaching and leading for social justice despite divisive concepts legislation and acrimonious debates about racism and other forms of injustice. They offer four practices the district employs to continue to promote inclusivity and social justice in contentious times.
Learning with Leaders: Bringing the village together: John B. Gordon III
Authors: Lane James F.
Published: October 2023

In the new Learning with Leaders column, PDK CEO James Lane talks with Dr. John B. Gordon III, superintendent of Suffolk Public Schools in Virginia. Gordon shares how leading has changed in his career, how he’s built bridges with students and families, and the partnerships that he’s cultivating to help his district succeed.
Policy Solutions: Was the LeBron James school a false promise?
Authors: Collins Jonathan E.
Published: October 2023

LeBron James’ I Promise School in Akron, Ohio, attracted attention recently for its low test scores for 8th-grade students. Unlike other philanthropic schools. I Promise is neither a private school nor a charter school. Instead, it is part of the Akron Public Schools system and is governed by the school board. Columnist Jonathan E. Collins writes that I Promise is part of the school system and can’t be separated from it. While flawed, school boards are the best way to create a strong and equitable education system and make democracy better. School boards and the districts they govern allow for school improvement at a structural level. They also allow for the public to have a say in the school system, through elections and opportunities for dialogue around how to improve individual schools as parts of a larger system.
Under The Law: Oklahoma!
Authors: Kim Robert
Published: October 2023

In June 2023, the Oklahoma Virtual Charter School Board approved the establishment of a charter school by the Catholic Archdiocese of Oklahoma City. This amounts to state funding of a religious school. Robert Kim discusses how this decision goes against Oklahoma’s constitutional and legislative history, why allowing religious charters is not the same as allowing vouchers for religious schools, and the potential implications of allowing direct state funding of religious schools.
Career Confidential: Teacher distracted by ‘loud’ classroom next door
Authors: Fagell Phyllis L.
Published: October 2023

In this Kappan column, Phyllis L. Fagell gives workplace advice to a teacher who is frustrated by all the noise in the classroom next door.
Statistical and artificial intelligence techniques to identify risk factors for suicide in children and adolescents
Authors: Servi Michaela , Chiaro Silvia , Mussi Elisa , Castellini Giovanni , Mereu Alberta , Volpe Yary , Pisano Tiziana
Published: October 2023

Background:

Suicidal Behaviors and Thoughts are a relevant public health issue that includes suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-harm, attempted suicide, and failed suicides. Since there is a progression of suicidal behaviors, whereby suicide is more likely to be completed if there have already been previous behaviors or attempts to harm oneself, WHO has highlighted the need to detect early predictors of such suicidal behaviors, which can help identify individuals at risk, plan prevention strategies and implement specific therapeutic interventions, particularly in young people, thus reducing the number of deaths. This retrospective observational study aimed to identify early predictors of suicidal risk in 237 inpatients admitted for Suicidal Behaviors and Thoughts at Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Emergency Unit of the Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy.

Methods:

The study was subdivided into three phases: data collection, statistical analysis, and neural network. For each patient, we collected epidemiological and psychopathological data. We stratified the inpatients into two groups: “suicidal volition patients” and “suicidal motivation patients.”

Results:

The hospitalization rate for suicidal behaviors and thoughts showed a growing trend from 2016 to 2020 (27.69 to 45.28%). Under 12 years of age, diagnosis of disruptive, impulse-control and conduct disorder, previous specialist care, history of attempted suicide, and intoxication as methods of suicide were statistically correlated to an increased risk of suicidal behaviors. Artificial intelligence, with an accuracy of 86.7%, confirmed these risk factors.

Limitations:

The most important limitation of the study is its retrospective nature.

Conclusions:

Our study identifies new early predictors of suicidal risk: age less than 12, diagnosis of disruptive, impulse-control and conduct disorder. In addition, suicidal volition behavior emerges as an important and underestimated risk factor. The use of artificial intelligence methods could be supporting the clinician in assessing suicidal risk.
MODERNIZATION, SUPERSTITION, AND CULTURAL CHANGE
Authors: Pelizzo Riccardo , Turganov Daulet , Kuzenbayev Nygmetzhan
Published: October 2023

By exploring the relationship between socioeconomic development, secularism, and the pervasiveness of traditional beliefs, this article shows that while some traditional practices and beliefs, such as making use of traditional healers, are negatively and significantly related to several development indicators, there is little to no detectable (statistical) relationship between other traditional beliefs and practices, such as believing in and seeing a jinn, and development. The evidence presented in the article sustains the claim, advanced at the turn of the millennium by Inglehart and Baker, that the impact of socioeconomic development on values, attitudes, and cultural change is complex and non‐linear.
Spillover effects of geopolitical risks on global energy markets: Evidence from CoVaR and CAViaR-EGARCH model
Authors: Zhao Yu , Chen Linbo , Zhang Yu
Published: October 2023

This study investigated the spillover effects of geopolitical risks on energy (crude oil, coal and natural gas) markets. The empirical evidence is based on the CoVaR index and the CAViaR-EGARCH model. Results demonstrate that the spillover effects of geopolitical risks on the global energy market are nonlinear, asymmetric and time-varying. With each 1% rise in global geopolitical risks, the left tail risks in the crude oil, coal, and natural gas markets decreased by 0.179%, 0.119% and 0.113%, while the right tail risks increased by 0.144%, 0.135% and 0.097%, respectively. In addition, the magnitude of energy crises triggered by different geopolitical events varies. Lastly, the spillover effects of GPR on energy markets vary considerably across nations, with more substantial effects observed on average in BRICS than in G7 countries. The primary implication is to provide references for government and energy investors to avoid energy market risks timely.
Human-AI Ensembles: When Can They Work?
Authors: Choudhary Vivek , Marchetti Arianna , Shrestha Yash Raj , Puranam Phanish
Published: October 2023

An “ensemble” approach to decision-making involves aggregating the results from different decision makers solving the same problem (i.e., a division of labor without specialization). We draw on the literatures on machine learning-based Artificial Intelligence (AI) as well as on human decision-making to propose conditions under which human-AI ensembles can be useful. We argue that human and AI-based algorithmic decision-making can be usefully ensembled even when neither has a clear advantage over the other in terms of predictive accuracy, and even if neither alone can attain satisfactory accuracy in absolute terms. Many managerial decisions have these attributes, and collaboration between humans and AI is usually ruled out in such contexts because the conditions for specialization are not met. However, we propose that human-AI collaboration through ensembling is still a possibility under the conditions we identify.
A Review of the Literature About Broadband Internet Connections and Rural Development (1995-2022)
Authors: Mack Elizabeth A. , Loveridge Scott , Keene Thomas , Mann John
Published: October 2023

This article provides a systematic review of the quantitative social science research on broadband Internet technology in rural areas. Specifically, we summarize the literature on 1) rural broadband availability and adoption behaviors and 2) the implications of these behaviors for rural businesses, public policy initiatives, and regional development. In the studies reviewed, rural areas suffer from both lower availability and lower adoption rates compared to their urban counterparts. However, researchers disagree on whether supply frictions inherent to rural areas or heterogeneous demand and adoption behaviors are the major cause of this outcome. Researchers widely agree that high-speed Internet improves economic outcomes of rural areas, whether it is through increases in business activity or in more general economic development measures (e.g. productivity, jobs, income). Impact evaluations of rural broadband policy initiatives produced mixed results, highlighting the need for a better understanding of agents’ incentives. This review points to four areas for future research. One, assessments of the long-term impact of broadband on rural economies. Two, analyses of the net effect of broadband on economic development outcomes (e.g. migrants, job creation). Three, assessments of economic development impacts associated with broadband speed. Four, assessments of the efficacy of broadband policies.
Developing and Validating Japanese Versions of Psychological Safety Scale, Knowledge Sharing Scale and Expressed Humility Scale
Authors: Matsuo Akiko , Tsujita Masaki , Kita Kotoko , Ayaya Satsuki , Kumagaya Shin-ichiro
Published: October 2023

Organizational research has increased in the contemporary, digitalized and global society. Mainly researchers in Western countries conducted empirical, organizational research in the past. These studies have investigated combinations of psychological safety, knowledge sharing and leaders’ expression of humility because these variables have crucial roles in organizational functions. Japanese research on these variables has been scarce due to the lack of scales for assessing these variables in Japanese. From a methodological perspective, research conducted in Western and other cultures where most people understand English requires multicultural validation studies. Therefore, we developed Japanese versions of scales assessing psychological safety, knowledge sharing and expressed humility and assessed their structural validity, internal consistency and convergent validity. The results indicated factor structures and inter-correlations between the scales consistent with previous research. This work is novel because of its large samples across multiple job types in contemporary work organizations. We expect this study to make methodological and theoretical contributions to future research.
Literary and Aesthetic Competencies in Literature Course: Whether Innovative Information Technologies Hinder Their Growth?
Authors: Xiahou Nanxi
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this article is (1) to determine the set of literary and aesthetic competencies when reading literature and (2) to quantify the possible effect for the formation of Literary and Aesthetic competence when using innovative information technologies. The establishment of the array of literary and aesthetic competencies was achieved through the synthesis of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (2018) and a comprehensive analysis of relevant scholarly literature. The researchers determined the substantial effect of mobile applications in building three out of five aesthetic competencies ( D = 1.12 for expressive perception, D = 1.55 for emotional closeness and D = 0.82 for cognitive elaboration). Hence, based on the research outcomes, the approach adopted by the experimental group (utilisation of mobile applications for reading) facilitates the attainment of heightened literary competence through a more aesthetically comprehensive experiential engagement with the study of literary works.
Comprehensive evaluation of urban development suitability based on constraints and development factors: A case study of the central urban area of Zhengzhou, China
Authors: Shi Zhenqin , Huo Jingeng , Zhu Wenbo , Ma Ran , Xue Hua , Wang Zechen
Published: October 2023

The overcapacity and overdevelopment of cities have led to various environmental hazards and resource depletion, making it crucial to evaluate the suitability of urban development. This research field provides scientific evidence and policy recommendations to improve land use quality and distribution. However, contemporary studies solely focus on construction land versus non-construction land competition, ignoring potential constraints from agriculture and ecology on parcel development. Using the land use situation of Zhengzhou City, this study comprehensively evaluated urban development suitability through hierarchical analysis, Delphi method, and eight-direction analysis. A multi-attribute overlay was applied with spatial restrictions from ecological protection and agricultural production, combined with urban expansion and development conditions. The results indicated that: (1) Ecological protection was critical for sustainable urban development, and areas like the Yellow River coast, northwest wetland, and southwest woodland were significant for ecological protection. High suitability areas for agricultural production were primarily located within the existing cultivated land. (2) Regarding urban expansion, the southeast of the city center was identified as the most suitable area, mainly covered by dryland. (3) Overall, the unsuitable, basically unsuitable, medium, suitable, and highly suitable areas for urban development covered 244, 921, 3024, 2224, and 944 km2, respectively. (4) The southeast-northwest direction showed prominent spatial characteristics for urban development suitability, while intensive development mode dominated the east-west direction of the city center. These findings provide significant guidance for land development and utilization, optimizing the spatial pattern, and formulating policies in Zhengzhou. Nevertheless, the weight calculation process presents a subjective factor that needs to be addressed in future research. More objective weight calculation results are necessary to achieve a more scientifically rigorous evaluation of urban development suitability.
Association of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression with susceptibility to hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Lei , Peng Jin-lin
Published: October 2023

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) triggers tumorigenesis and progression in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Inconsistent findings have been reported on the influence of HIF-1α over-expression on the clinical outcomes of HBV-related HCC. This study aims to clarify the role of HIF-1α overexpression in the tumorigenesis and prognosis of HBV-induced HCC. Systematic and comprehensive search of online papers was carried out to elucidate the contribution of HIF-1α expression to susceptibility of HBV-induced HCC. STATA 12.0 software was utilized to analyze available data extracted from all eligible literature. Publication bias and sensitivity were comprehensively analyzed. A total of 23 published studies involving 2244 subjects were finally screened. The HIF-1α expression was remarkably upregulated in HBV-induced HCC tissues than in normal liver tissues, non-tumorous tissues, paraneoplastic tissues, and non-HBV HCC tissues. The high HIF-1α expression tended to be positively related to capsular infiltration (odds ratio (OR) 1.767; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.058, 2.950). The HIF-1α expression was relevant to lymph node metastasis (OR 3.778; 95% CI 1.666, 8.568). High levels of HIF-1α expression tended to be closely implicated in portal vein invasion (OR 6.728, 95% CI 2.191, 20.656) but were irrelevant to alpha-fetoprotein, cirrhosis, Edmondson grading, tumor size, age, gender, and histological grade. Analysis of pooled data showed that HIF-1α was not statistically relevant to poor overall survival in HBV-related HCC. Our data provides compelling evidence that HIF-1α overexpression may imply a greater probability of invasion and metastasis in patients with HBV-induced HCC.
James Crotty’s Advice to Koreans
Authors: Lee Kang-Kook
Published: October 2023

The Korean economy achieved rapid economic growth with equal income distribution for over three decades until the late 1990s when, in 1997, a financial crisis occurred. Mainstream economists and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) attributed this crisis to the problem of East Asian crony capitalism. The Korean government accepted this perspective and implemented neoliberal economic restructuring and financial opening after the crisis. However, James Crotty argued that the crisis in Korea was a result of haphazard financial opening and the withdrawal of state intervention. Most importantly, he extensively criticized the post-crisis economic reform in Korea imposed by the IMF. He believed that it would lead to lower economic growth and higher inequality, and he advised Koreans to oppose it. This article examines Crotty’s argument about the Korean economy and how the latter changed in the 21st century.

JEL classification: F34, H12, O19, O53