bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
واقع ادارة الأزمة في أمانة العاصمة المقدسة في ظل جائحة كورونا كوفيد-19 وأثره على خدمة المجتمع عامي (2019-2020)
Authors: العصيمي موفق أحمد
Published: April 2024

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى  التعرف على واقع ادارة الازمة في امانة العاصمة المقدسة في ظل جائحة كورونا كوفيد19 سعياً لتقديم جودة الخدمة للمجتمع، وتقديم خدمة للمجتمع والشراكة المجتمعية وتبادل الخبرات، واستخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي للدراسة، حيث كان مجتمع الدراسة (2000) من العاملين في امانة العاصمة المقدسة، وتكون عينة الدراسة من 214 فرد( 153 موظف إداري، و61 من المديرين) تم اختيارهم بالطريقة العشوائية بتوزيع رابط للاستبيان على مجتمع الدراسة، واستخدم الباحث اداة للاستبيان من تصميمه.  وتوصلت النتائج إلى: أن واقع ادارة الازمة في امانة العاصمة المقدسة في ظل جائحة كورونا كوفيد19 واثر ذلك على الخطط العامة لأمانة العاصمة جاء بدرجة عالية. وكان دور ادارة الازمة في امانة العاصمة المقدسة في ظل ازمة جائحة كورونا كوفيد19 وأثر ذلك على جودة الخدمة التي تقدمها امانة العاصمة بدرجة عالية. كذلك دور ادارة الازمة في امانة العاصمة المقدسة في ظل ازمة جائحة كورونا كوفيد19 وما أثر ذلك على تقديم الامانة خدمة للمجتمع والشراكة المجتمعية وتبادل الخبرات بدرجة عالية. وجاء محور التحديات التي تواجه امانة العاصمة في ظل ادارتها للازمة حالياً وأثر ذلك على جودة الخدمة الادارية وتقديم خدمة للمجتمع والشراكة المجتمعية وتبادل الخبرات بدرجة متوسطة. ولا توجد فروق دالة احصائياً في محاور الدراسة تعزو لمتغير الخبرة في العمل. بينما توجد فروق دالة احصائياً في المحور الاول، والثاني، والثالث  وكانت الفروق بين مؤهل الدراسات العليا (ماجستير، دكتوراه) وبين مؤهل الثانوي، وكانت الفروق لصالح مؤهل الدراسات العليا،  ولا توجد فروق دالة احصائياً في المحور الرابع.
Exploring the Value Chains in the Small Ruminant Sector: A brief review of the literature
Authors: Awad Rula , Brahmi Aziza Mohamed , Titi Hosam , Jaouad Mohamed , Boubaker Aziza Gasmi
Published: April 2024

The current study was conducted in order to deepen the understanding of how small ruminants fit into the economy and enhance the competitiveness of live animals and value-added products. This study focuses on previous efforts to understand what value chains mean in the small ruminant sector, what it really means to deliver value to customers, understand the links between production, marketing, etc. activities of products and services in an effective manner, and the role of value added in providing wealth to all stakeholders who participated. Previous literature was reviewed in detail especially for that included a case study and detailed analysis of the five value chain elements, identification of actors and promoters, horizontal and vertical links, flow mapping through the chain, identification of marketing channels, key challenges and opportunities and review the possible interventions within vertical and horizontal interactions and management structure according to this literature. It was found that strategies for good breeding, improving health care, providing credit, improving markets, improving pasture productivity and rehabilitating them, in addition to the involvement of potential actors and the coordinated efforts of all stakeholders; It will increase the productivity of small ruminants and improve product/market development and thus have sustainable value chains for small ruminants.
Isolated Greater Trochanteric Fracture in Elderly
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology II, Mohamed V Military Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University, Morocco, A Zaizi , S ElHassak ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology II, Mohamed V Military Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University, Morocco, M Boussouga ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology II, Mohamed V Military Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University, Morocco
Published: April 2024

Isolated greater trochanter fractures are unusual presentation following direct hiptrauma, most often low energy in elderly patient [1]. Traditional these injuries are managed non-operatively by bed rest, taping or hip spica casting. However, available new imaging such as CT scans or MRI imaging should be indicated to look for the extent of the lesion, leading to choose adequate and safe treatment. Schultz states that intertrochanteric fractures that do not cross the midline on MRI may be treated conservatively [2].
Outcome of Internal Optical Urethrotomy in Combination with Corticosteroids Injection in Recurrent Anterior Urethral Strictures
Authors:   Institute of Kidney Diseases, Peshawar, Pakistan, RA Khan , M Izhar ,   Institute of Kidney Diseases, Peshawar, Pakistan
Published: April 2024

Background: Urethral stricture is a common urological disease and can occur mostly as a result of recurrent infections, inflammation, trauma or unknown factors. Internal optical urethrotomy is a useful treatment modality for the management of urethral strictures. Several adjuvant interventions are suggested to decrease the recurrence rate of urethral strictures. Objectives: To report the success rate of internal optical urethrotomy in combination with corticosteroids in recurrent anterior urethral strictures. Materials and Methods: This prospective clinical randomized control trial was performed on 70 patients from 1st January 2017 to 31st Dec 2018. Patients fulfilling the inclusion criterion were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group comprises 34 patients who received a corticosteroid injection in combination with internal optical urethrotomy while the control group consisting of 36 patients who received distilled water in combination with internal optical urethrotomy. All the patients were advised not to do clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC) and were followed for 24 months. Results: The mean follow-up time was 9 ± 5.40 months (6-24 months). Complications occurred in 14 patients. In the experimental group recurrence of stricture occurred in 11 patients, extravasation into perispongeal space in 3 patients (8.82%), infection in 1(2.94%) and bleeding in 2(5.8%) patients. In the control group recurrence of stricture occurred in 16 patients, Infection occurred in 3 patients and extravasation and bleedings in 2 and 3 patients respectively. Moreover, the difference between the recurrence in the experimental and control groups is also not significant (p.0.05). However, the stricture-free duration that is the time of recurrence was significantly delayed in the experimental group (8.07 ± 5.51 versus 3.8 ± 1.53 months). Conclusion: It is concluded that internal optical urethrotomy in combination with corticosteroid injection delays the recurrence rate of urethral stricture significantly. It can also be a feasible procedure for those who do not want urethroplasty or those with high risk for general anesthesia.
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Bladder in an 8-Year-Old Girl: About a Case with Review of the Literature
Authors:   Department of Pathology, University Hospital Center Ibn Rochd, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco, A El Kebir , PE Zongo ,   Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Center Ibn Rochd, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco, Z Alomri ,   Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Center Ibn Rochd, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco, S Chaabi ,   Department of Pathology, University Hospital Center Ibn Rochd, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco, M Alzemmouri ,   Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Center Ibn Rochd, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco, S Sahraoui ,   Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Center Ibn Rochd, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco, NB Guebbissi ,   Department of Pathology, University Hospital Center Ibn Rochd, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco, M Karkouri ,   Department of Pathology, University Hospital Center Ibn Rochd, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a rare tumor. It most often occurs in the bladder in the genitourinary sphere. This benign and aggressive spindle cell tumor affects children and frequently girls. The objective of this work is to describe from a clinical case, the clinical, radiological, and histological characteristics of an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in an 8 years old girl. Case Presentation: An 8-year-old girl was followed for an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the bladder revealed by micturition burns complicated by hematuria. She underwent an ultrasound and radiological workup demonstrating an anterior bladder parietal mass reaching the rectus abdomen is muscle. Subsequently, an excisional biopsy was performed and histological and immunohistochemical examination revealed an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. Discussion: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors of the bladder are benign tumors with aggressive features usually revealed by voiding symptoms, pelvic pain, and pelvic mass. Treatment is based on Trans urethral resection of the bladder. Anatomical pathology examination shows spindle-shaped myofibroblast and fibroblast cells, a collagenous or myxoid matrix, and inflammatory cells composed of plasma cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils. The diagnosis is confirmed by immunohistochemistry with an expression of CAM5.2, desmin, aSMA, and vimentin and especially of Anaplasic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK). Conclusion: Rare tumor process, whose malignant potential remains unknown. Management is by conservative surgery of the bladder.
The Alarming Situation of Hospital Acquired Multi-drug Resistant Urinary Tract Infections in Pediatric Population in Developing World
Authors:   Institute of Kidney Diseases, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Pakisthan, MK Kakakhel , A Arshad ,   Institute of Kidney Diseases, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Pakisthan, MK Khan ,   Institute of Kidney Diseases, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Pakisthan
Published: April 2024

Objectives: The aim of this study was to find the magnitude of multi drug resistant UTI in paediatric urology, showing different uropathogenic bacteria, sensitivity pattern, associated urologic pathologies and surgical procedures. Material and Methods: All Paediatric patients with some urologic procedure in this institute who have multi or extensive or pan drug resistant UTI were included, the record retrospectively collected from hospital record system and analysed with SPSS. Results: We total 54 patients included having mean age of 5.4 years and predominantly male patients. The three most common MDR uropathogens were Pseudomonas aueroginosa (63%), E.coli (18.5%) and Kliebsiella spp (9.3%). Other MDR organisms were Enterococcus, Providencia, Serratia marcescens and Staphylococcus. Overall most sensitive drug was colistin (64.8%), followed by Fosfomycin (18.5%), Carbapenems (16.6%), Aminoglycosides (12.9%), Tigecycline (11.1%), Nitrofurantoin (7.4%), Cephalosporin (5.5%), Vancomycin (5.5%), Linzolid ( 5.5%), Septran (3.7%), while Teicoplanin, Fusidic acid and chloramphenicol all 1.8%. We found two culture reports of Pseudomonas aueroginosa as pan drug resistant. The most common urologic pathologies associated with MDR UTI was urinary stone disease, neurogenic bladder and posterior urethral valves. The prevalent surgical procedures were those, underwent for stone diseases. A substantial increase in hospitalization time noted in these patients. Conclusion: The emergence of multi drug resistance is reaching an alarming level in Paeds urology. Pseudomonas aueroginosa causing UTI replacing E.coli with some pan drug resistant species is worrisome. The wide spread use of broad spectrum antibiotics at primary healthcare level and even without culture reports in the tertiary care level needs revision. This has significant impact on the child morbidity, length of hospital stay and finally financiall loss.
Review on Ruminant Fasciolosis in Ethiopia
Authors:   Yemalogi Welel Woreda Livestock and FisheriesDevelopment Office, Ethiopia, A Girma , B Hailu ,   Boneya BosheWoreda Livestock and FisheriesDevelopment Office East Wollaga, Oromia, Ethiopia
Published: April 2024

Ethiopia possesses the largest livestock population in Africa. Ruminant Fasciolosis is a serious problem in animal production in different areas of the world especially in Ethiopia. It is a wide spread trematodal disease affecting ruminants (cattle, sheep and goats) and also other species of animals. F. hepatica and F. gigantica are the parasitic species belonging to Genus Fasciola under the phylum platyhelminths. The fasciola disease has three phases of clinical sign acute, sub-acute and chronic forms. Fasciolosis is more apparent in young ruminant and is usually chronic in nature. Adult flukes in the bile ducts cause inflammation, biliary obstruction, distraction of liver tissue and anemia. Snails of family Lymnaeidae are main intermediate hosts having great role on the transmission of the disease and the infection is acquired through grazing on swampy pasture. The disease mostly diagnosed by prior knowledge of the epidemiology of the disease in a given environment; observation of clinical signs, information on grazing history, seasonal occurrence and standard examination of feces in the laboratory. The affected cattle should be effectively treated with narrow spectrum anthelmintic such as Triclabendazole in addition to reducing the population of the intermediate host to control the disease. Now a days, fasciolosis is recognized as emerging human disease over the world even if only few case reports of human fascioliasis are available in Ethiopia, as the disease mostly affects animals in the country. The disease causes a significant economic loss in ruminant production by inflecting direct and indirect loss at different parts of Ethiopia. To control and prevent the disease, the strategic destruction of snail population should be implemented throughout the country to break down the life cycle of liver fluke.
High Concordance between the Whole Genome Sequencing data Analysis Methods for Vibrio Cholerae Surveillance in Finland and Norway
Authors:   Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Finland, O Nyholm , R Tønnessen ,   Department of Infection Control and Vaccines, The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway, JK Antony-Samy ,   Department of Infection Control and Vaccines, The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway, J Halkilahti ,   Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Finland, E Amato ,   Department of Infection Control and Preparedness, The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway, S Salmenlinna ,   Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Finland
Published: April 2024

Vibrio cholerae infections, both vibriosis and cholera, are rare in Northern Europe. However, the coastal areas suitable for transmission have increased during recent years. Accessible and validated molecular diagnostic methods are needed to monitor such infections. Here, we describe the comparison and validation of Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) data analysis methods for V. cholerae characterization in the public health institutes of Finland and Norway. The results showed a concordance of 96.7% between the methods in the two countries.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Ovine Fasciolosis in Ejere District, West Shewa, Ethiopia
Authors:   Yemelogi Welel Woreda Agriculture Office, Livestock Development Department, Kellem Wollega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia., Girma Adugna , Abera Gerema ,   Ejere Woreda Agriculture Office, Livestock Development Department, West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia., Girma Shewareged ,   Ejere Woreda Agriculture Office, Livestock Development Department, West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia., Sori Immabet ,   Ejere Woreda Agriculture Office, Livestock Development Department, West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia., Teklu Gululat ,   Ejere Woreda Agriculture Office, Livestock Development Department, West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia., Hailu Gemta ,   Ejere Woreda Agriculture Office, Livestock Development Department, West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia., Gelalcha Zennebech ,   Ejere Woreda Agriculture Office, Livestock Development Department, West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia.
Published: April 2024

Fasciolosis is one of the most prevalent trematode helminth infections of ruminants in different parts of the world. It causes significant morbidity and mortality. The presence of fasciolosis due to F.hepatica and F.gigantica in Ethiopia has long been known, and its prevalence and economic significance have been reported by several researchers. However, the disease is insufficiently investigated, and information relating to its magnitude, distribution, and risk factors is scant Ejere district, West Shewa Oromia region of Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2021 to June 2022 in the Ejere district with the objective of estimating the prevalence of ovine fasciolosis and assessing the various risk factors associated with it. A total of 196 fecal samples from sheep were collected by using simple random technique and examined. The data was analyzed using SPSS software. Among a total of 196 examined sheep, 41 were found positive for Fasciola, with an overall prevalence of 20.92%. The prevalence of fasciolosis recorded in the six kebeles was 5.45%, 14.29%, 7.14%, 16.22%, 5.45%, and 11.94% in Ejere Sokile, Baso, Kimmoyye, Ilu Aga, Kusaye, and Gaba Jimata, respectively. In this study, ovine fasciolosis showed a statistically significant difference in sex, management system, body condition, and history of deworming (p<0.05). The difference in age was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The current study indicates that fasciolosis is a common and prevalent disease in sheep in the study area. Strategic anthelmintic treatment with appropriate drugs and a reduction in the risk of infection should be upgraded in society.
Prevalence of Lungworm Infection of Small Ruminants in and Around Sebeta Town, Central Ethiopia
Authors:   College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia, Hassan Abubeker , Mezgebu Ebisa ,   Animal Health Institute (AHI), Sebeta, Ethiopia
Published: April 2024

Lungworm infection is one of the common parasitic diseases that affect small ruminants. It causes great economic losses due to decrement in production and productivity gained from these animals. There was limited information related to this disease in these animals in the study area. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and species of lungworms in small ruminants and to assess the possible risk factors associated with lungworm infection. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2019 to May 2020 on small ruminants selected by a simple random sampling technique in and around Sebeta town, central Ethiopia. A total of 406 animals (259 sheep and 147 goats) were sampled and examined to determine lungworm infection prevalence and its species identification. The study showed that 13.8% (56/406) of an overall prevalence of lungworm infection was found in the study area. In another way, a higher prevalence was observed in sheep 18.1% (47/259) than in goats 6.1% (9/147) and there was a significant association (X2=11.4, p<0.05) between them. Similarly, 14.7% (37/ 251) and 12.3% (19/155), 15.7% (21/134) and 11.7% (16/137), and 14.2% (35/147) and 13.2% (21/159) prevalence were determined between female and male, young and adult, non-dewormed and dewormed animals respectively, but they were not significantly associated with lungworm infection. However, 17.6% (13/74), 13.5% (28/207), and 12% (15/125) prevalence was calculated among poor, good, and medium body-conditioned animals respectively and the difference was not statistically significant (X2=1.24, p>0.05). Dictyocaulus filaria was the only species of lungworm identified in both sheep and goats. This study revealed that lungworm infection was prevalent and affected the production and productivity of small ruminants in the study area significantly.
Prevalence of Bovine Mastitis and Its Effect on Farm Economic Return in Dairy Farms in Holeta
Authors:   Wanchi Woreda Veterinary Clinic, South West Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, Abebe Tadele , Mezgebu Ebisa ,   Animal Health Institute, Sebeta, Ethiopia
Published: April 2024

A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2014 to March 2015 to determine the prevalence, associated risk factors, and effect of bovine mastitis on economic return in dairy farms in Holeta, Ethiopia. It was carried out on 384 dairy cows based on a data collection questionnaire survey, clinical examination, and California Mastitis Test. The overall prevalence of mastitis was 65.1% (n=250); where 25.8% (n=99) and 39.3% (n=151) was clinical and subclinical cases, respectively. The prevalence among successive stages of lactation was 65.6%, 60.3%, and 68.9% in early, mid, and late lactation respectively and it was statistically significant (P<0.05). Mastitis prevalence in first, second, third, fourth, and more than fourth parities was 68.5%, 61.5%, 58.7%, and 71.5%, respectively. The prevalence of mastitis was 78.3%, 60.3% and 68.9% in cows of age greater than 8, 5-8 and less than 5 years respectively. Retrospective data related to treatment costs, discarded milk during the course of treatment, and culled cows due to chronic mastitis in Holeta from 2013 to 2014 was analyzed to estimate the annual economic loss due to mastitis in four dairy farms. The study estimated the annual economic loss of bovine mastitis from 10,044.18 - 15,280.28 birr. Out of this, the total economic loss per cow to treat mastitis was 63.29-139.00 birr and the cost due to discarded milk during the course of treatment was 128.00-535.95 birr per head of a cow. The economic loss due to culled cow and replacement was 9,500-14,666 birr. This study concluded that mastitis is a major health problem of dairy cows in Holeta which undoubtedly affect farm economic return of dairy farms and hence warrants serious attention.
Leptospirosis in Wild Mice: An Ongoing Concern for the Azorean Islands
Authors:   Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Portugal, R Camarinho , Y Nhampule ,   Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Portugal, PV Garcia ,   Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Portugal, AS Rodrigues ,   Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Portugal
Published: April 2024

Background: Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic infectious disease that affects Human and animals worldwide with increased risk in regions with temperate climates. Such is the case of the Azorean islands (a Portuguese archipelago with 9 islands) where this disease is considered endemic. Rodents of these islands have been considered the reservoir species for Leptospira and regulating measurements have been previously developed to control and prevent this disease in the archipelago. This study aims to determine a more recent infection rate of leptospirosis in the house-mouse (Mus musculus). Methodology & Findings: This retrospective study covering a period of 8 years (2011 to 2018), was performed by live capturing Mus musculus in 6 locations of S. Miguel Island (the most populated island of the archipelago). After euthanasia and necropsy of the mice, kidneys were surgically removed and processed in standard histological routine, and slides were stained with modified Warthin-Starry silver stain for spirochetes and scanned for the presence of Leptospires. It was possible to determine that from the 133 wild mice captured, 89 were positive for leptospirosis, representing a 66.91% infection rate. Conclusion: This study reveals that leptospirosis still represents an increased risk to Human lives and an uncalculated economical loss to the dairy farms of the Azorean islands.
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) Varieties at Midland Agro Ecologies of Guji Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors:   Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Bore Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia, Korji Dembi , Kebede Basha ,   Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Bore Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia, Bobo Tekle ,   Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Bore Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia
Published: April 2024

Livestock products like meat and milk are highly demanded for household consumption. However, the shortage of quality and quantity of feed is affecting livestock production in midlands of Guji zone which needs research and development solutions. Hence, to get maximum livestock products demonstration and use of improved forage technology such as elephant grass, which can generate a bulky of biomass for livestock is important in the study areas. Zehone-02 and Zehone-03 varieties were demonstrated to evaluate the performance and to assess farmers’ feedback on elephant grass varieties. Adola and Wadera districts were selected based on their suitability for monitoring and appropriate for elephant grass production. The varieties were demonstrated on 5mx5m plots of 14 experimental farmers. Training and mini-field day was used as promotion approach in study areas. The results of the demonstration showed that both elephant grass varieties were well performed on all experimental farmers. Despite numerical variation in plant height, number of tillers/plant and survival rate there was no significant difference between varieties. However, there was a significant difference at 5% on fresh biomass between varieties. Farmers preferred both varieties based on palatability, regeneration and drought tolerant traits of the grasses. Demonstrated elephant grasses can supply sustained and secured feed throughout the year from small plots; hence, small landholder farmers can benefit from producing the grasses. Therefore, either Zehone-02 or Zehone-03 elephant grass should be largely produced on farmers’ lands to solve feed shortage in the midland areas of Guji zone. Further studies should focus on the effect of grazing elephant grass on improvement of livestock production in the study areas.
Cavity Controlled Upconversion in CdSe Nanoplatelet Polaritons
Authors: Amin Mitesh , Koessler Eric R , Morshed Ovishek , Awan Farwa , Cogan Nicole MB , Collison Robert , Tumiel Trevor , Girten William , Leiter Christopher S , Vamivakas A. Nickolas , Huo Pengfei , Krauss Todd D
Published: April 2024

Strong coupling between electronic transitions of matter and confined electromagnetic fields inside an optical cavity creates hybrid, light-matter states known as polaritons. Polaritons provide a versatile platform for investigating quantum electrodynamics effects in chemical systems, such as polariton-altered chemical reactivity. However, using polaritons in chemical contexts will require a better understanding of the photophysical properties of polaritons, especially at ambient temperature and pressure, where chemistry is typically performed. Here, we investigated leveraging strong light-matter interactions to control the excited state dynamics of colloidal CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs) coupled to a Fabry-Pérot optical cavity. Importantly, changes in the cavity quality (Q) factor, which is a measure of photon loss from the cavity, were used to profoundly change the polariton dynamics. As the Q-factor was increased, we observed significant population of the upper polariton (UP) state, exemplified by the rare observation of substantial UP photoluminescence (PL) at room temperature. In fact, with low energy excitation at the lower polariton (LP), which is not absorbed by uncoupled nanoplatelets, we observed upconverted PL emission from the UP branch, due to efficient exchange of population between the LP, UP and the reservoir of dark states present in collectively coupled polaritonic systems. Critical physical insight into the mechanism of PL enhancement of the UP, and PL upconversion, was provided by state-of-the-art quantum dynamics simulations that account for multiple cavity electromagnetic modes and cavity loss. In addition, by resolving lower and upper polariton PL lifetimes, we found timescales for polariton dynamics on the order of 100 picoseconds, implying great potential for NPL based polariton systems to affect photochemical reaction rates. This work provides important insight into the photophysics of nanocrystal-based exciton-polariton systems and is a significant step towards the development of practical polariton photochemistry platforms.
Beyond Fentanyl Test Strips: Investigating Other Urine Drug Test Strips for Drug Checking Applications
Authors: Sisco Edward , Appley Meghan G. , Pyfrom Elise M. , Banta-Green Caleb J. , Shover Chelsea L. , Molina Caitlin A. , Biamont Ben , Robinson Elizabeth L.
Published: April 2024

Use of immunoassay test strips for the detection of fentanyl in drug samples has become increasingly commonplace in harm reduction, law enforcement, public health, customs, and forensic science settings. With the increase of xylazine in the drug supply in recent years, use of xylazine test strips has also begun to take root. As adoption and implementation of this tool continues, a desire to implement test strips for other drugs may emerge. However, since these strips are designed for urine testing, it is important to understand their applicability to testing drugs themselves. In this work, we investigate the utility of seven types of urine immunoassay test strips – amphetamine, benzodiazepine, cocaine, methamphetamine, nitazene, opiate, and xylazine – for drug checking applications. Reproducibility, sensitivity, cross-reactivity, and the effect of prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures were studied. Generally, the tests were found to be reproducible, able to detect trace (µg/mL) levels of the analyte of interest, and minimally affected by prolonged storage at elevated temperatures. Nearly all tests showed cross-reactivity with compounds other than the analyte of interest, highlighting the need to better understand these limitations prior to implementation in a drug checking scenario (that may involve additional chemical analysis on or off site). The viability of expired cocaine, fentanyl, and methamphetamine and test strips was also interrogated, and little to no change in sensitivity was found even though the tests were multiple years expired.
State-Confessional Relations in the Republic of Belarus: On the Way to an Identification Model
Authors: Dolin V. A. ,   Belgorod Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after I. D. Putilin
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of specifics of the relations development of between the state and religious organizations in the Republic of Belarus. The content of the research suggests identification of main stages of development and conceptual understanding of evolution of stateconfessional relations in the Republic of Belarus. Based on the analysis of legislation of the Republic of Belarus, four stages of evolution of state-confessional relations are identified: the adoption of the Constitution in 1994; the constitutional consolidation in 1996 of the principle of differentiation of the status of traditional religions; the consolidation in 2002 in the profile law preamble of the gradation list of traditional religions according to their significance for the history and culture of the country; the conclusion in 2003 the year of the agreement of the Republic of Belarus with the Belarusian Orthodox Church. A conceptual understanding of the evolution of state-confessional relations in the Republic of Belarus allows us to consider the second, third and fourth stages of this evolution as three stages in the formation of an actual model of relations between the state and religious associations. The author concludes that the Republic of Belarus has made a transition to the identification model of a secular state, in the genetic aspect corresponding to the formula "from secularism to secularity". The results of the research are relevant in the context of search and justification of optimal model parameters of state-confessional relations in Russia.
On the Question of the Semiotic Interpretation of the Space of Neo-Protestant Worship
Authors:   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Pogasy V. A.
Published: April 2024

The article attempts to conduct a semiotic analysis of the space of neo-Protestant worship. For this purpose, as a methodological tool, general cultural spatial codes were used. The danger of semiotic error in determining the hierarchy of levels of expression and content is noted. The object of research is considered – the space of neo-Protestant worship. A semiotic comparative analysis of this space and the traditional Christian temple is made. Groups of spatial codes are considered in detail, their denotative and connotative interpretation is carried out. The emphasis is placed on the elements of visual semiotics of the space of neo-Protestant worship. The semiotic transformation of the hierophanic code is noted. The problem of aesthetics of neo-Protestant worship is posed.
The Connection Between Religious Experience and Ethnocultural Identity as an Indicator of the Destructive Social Construction of the Russian Intelligentsia (to the 70th Anniversary of V. V. Chernykh)
Authors:   East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Bobkov A. I.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the article is a philosophical analysis of the problem of the connection between ethnocultural identity and religious experience, as a watershed between intellectuals and intelligentsia within Russian society. In the context of this division, the author argues that the antinomic state of the identity of the intelligentsia in Russia is obvious. In this connection, it is proposed to carry out a philosophical and anthropological analysis of her worldview. Its essence lies in the fact that the intelligentsia in Russia easily defines itself as the “conscience of the people,” but does not recognize itself as the creator of unjustified symbolic violence against it. The author suggests that her marginal position in the social structure is due to the fact that she does not know the true meaning of constitutive violence in the ethnocultural space. Within the religious experience of Orthodoxy, the constitutive sacred is contained in the inviolability of distance from the West and in the special flow of social time, where retribution for inadequate violent exchange is postponed or even canceled. The process of denying the leading role of the founding sacred in the history of the people leads to the fact that the intelligentsia is not capable of identifying the sociality of a multi-subjective nature that has developed in Russia. Violence through fanatical imitation of the West, chosen by the Russian intelligentsia, is a way to strengthen the phobia of ethnocultural identity. A phobia that Russian intellectuals help overcome. The “deadly identity” of the Russian people is a phenomenon that was constructed and continues to be constructed by the intelligentsia, which believes that a rational, disenchanted existence can accommodate a person.
Information Technology in Political Management
Authors:   Samara National Research University named after Academician S. P. Korolev (Samara University), Zimin V. A. , Kalakutsky A. V. ,   Samara National Research University named after Academician S. P. Korolev (Samara University)
Published: April 2024

This article discusses the digital development of information technology in political governance. The relevance of the research is due to the dynamic development of information technologies, which have a direct impact on the political structure. The use of information technologies makes it possible to increase the efficiency of public services, provides an effective communication environment between the state and society, and determines the transparency of the public administration system. The purpose of the study is to identify trends in the development of information technology in political management. The object of research: information technology. Subject of research: digitalization of information technologies in public administration. Methodology: By the method of systematic analysis of scientific sources and normative documents regulating the sphere of information technology implementation, the trends of digital transformation of the political system, which are relevant today, were investigated. Results: Digital information technologies can significantly enhance the impact of political campaigns and open up new horizons in understanding social processes. However, it is important to ensure their balanced and responsible use, taking into account all risks. This is the only way technology can serve the interests of democracy and society, and not become an instrument of manipulation and abuse. Conclusion: the development of information technologies, in particular, neural networks, digital tools are included in the arsenal of political strategies. The use of digital tools in political technologies opens up new opportunities for data analysis, targeted communication and even forecasting of political events.
The Influence of Geographical Determinism on Civilization Specificity and Geopolitics
Authors:   East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Chernykh V. V.
Published: April 2024

The article attempts to identify the influence of geographical determinism on the formation and organization of forms of power and some features of the national mentality. Comparative analysis of the Asian and European methods of production allowed the author to make quite scientific conclusions of this influence and to explain the civilization features objectively established under the influence of climatic and geographical factors. Based on scientific methods of induction, deduction, comparative-historical, axiomatic and regulatoryThe author analyzed the abovementioned influence and made conclusions about its historical significance and importance of accounting in modern conditions. And the appeal to the scientific research of prominent scientists of civilization development has allowed to satiate the article with convincing arguments and to be imbued with the urgency of this problem.
Official Security Assistance Program of Japan: Its Goals and Perspectives in the Context of New Geopolitics Author(s)
Authors:   Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnology of the Peoples of Far East FEB RAS, Goriacheva E. A.
Published: April 2024

The article analyzes the new program of the Government of Japan – “Official Security Assistance” (OSA). Its key concepts were published in April-July 2023. The purpose of the implementation of the OSA program is to create a group of ‘like-minded countries’, which share foreign policy priorities of Japan, primarily regarding China and Russian Federation, bilateral relations of Japan with these countries have deteriorated in the second decade of the 21th century. Philippines, Malaysia, Bangladesh and Fiji were selected as OSA recipient countries in 2023. The author analyzes numerous national security-related international cooperation programs of Japan, and compares OSA with the similar program aimed at socio-economic support for developing countries – “Official Development Assistance” (ODA). The author also determines the level of participation of Southeast Asian and Oceania countries in the above-mentioned international programs of Japan. The analysis of the socio-political discourse shows that the implementation of the OSA program may be held at the same time with the revision of the basic documents restricting the export of weapons from Japan. Other negative outcome is connected with strengthening of global negative perceptions of Japan as a country that has departed from the former principles of pacifism. The negative consequences of the OSA for the Russian Federation include the potential expansion of the pro-Japanese bloc in terms of number of member state, as well as the decision to include Ukraine as OSA recipient country.
Conceptualisation of Sea Power in Global Politics
Authors:   Moscow State Linguistic University, Navdaeva M. E.
Published: April 2024

The article studies the formation of the sea power theory and its influence on world politics. Although seas influenced the rise and fall of states since ancient times, they acquired strategic importance only after the beginning of the Age of Discovery. From that moment, sea turned into a global transport network and also became a political instrument for transforming the balance of power in the world. After that the formation of the sea power of states began, which led to the rise of the British colonial empire. The research of the success of Great Britain formed the theory of sea power, which developed in the works of Western geopoliticians A. Mahan, F. Colomb, J. Corbett, and others, including Russian theorists N. L. Klado, S. G. Gorshkov, etc. Despite the fact that initially the founder of the theory, American Admiral Mahan, studied the experience of Great Britain to apply it to American politics for the rise of the United States on the world stage, at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries the theory quickly gained popularity among many other countries. According to some researchers, this was one of the reasons for the beginning of the “naval arms race” in Europe that rose contradictions in the distribution of the balance of power, which subsequently led to the First World War. It is indicated that the theory of sea power determined the global politics throughout the 20th century, and also led to the emergence of the United States not only as a great sea power, but also a superpower. Therefore, the main purpose of the article is to study the influence of sea power on the world politics of the 20th century. The theory also remains relevant today, because the relevance of using the World Ocean in achieving economic and political goals does not decrease, and therefore the study of the theory can be useful for the development of the maritime and naval strategies of countries.
Dead ends of Identity Politics in the CIS Countries
Authors:   Baikal State University, Tsykunov G. A.
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the issues of formation of national identity in the CIS countries. The author pays important attention to state historical policy, which has an effective influence on the definition of a new ideology, public consciousness, and the creation of post-Soviet political institutions. The article analyzes the transformation of national history, its adaptation to the interests of the ruling national elites to solve their internal political problems. The fundamental method of new interpretation of historical knowledge was mythologization, which confirmed all the main events and phenomena of the past. The author gives numerous examples of the introduction of postcolonial discourse into the historical consciousness of the population, the formation of a negative perception of the Soviet period of history; explores issues of justification by Commonwealth countries of their belonging to European identity.
A moda e seu ensino decolonial como tecnologias de encantamento para preservação das vestimentas indígenas no cotidiano
Authors: Vidal Julia , Souza Júlia Muniz de
Published: April 2024

Este artigo busca ampliar a conceituação da dimensão do vestir abordando as diversas formas de vestimentas indígenas como veículos que perpetuam símbolos, tradições, saberes e identidades, e fazem parte do processo de (re)existência cultural de sociedades que passaram por processos coloniais de genocídio. Como recorte etnográfico abordaremos formas de produção e representação das vestimentas dos povos Marajoara e Xavante, assim como as adaptações necessárias ao contexto urbano em contraposição às construções de significado e sentidos consolidadas nas subjetividades não indígenas, sob a ótica colonizadora. Através da pesquisa bibliográfica, de acervos de imagens, de relatos orais coletados em pesquisa de campo em aldeias e ao longo das aulas do curso de Moda Pluricultural, da Escola Ewà Poranga, pretendemos ampliar a compreensão sobre os vestires originários e do ensino de moda pluricultural como ferramentas decoloniais e antirracistas que fazem parte de um conjunto de ‘tecnologias de encantamento’ para a manutenção das existências das cosmologias indígenas na contemporaneidade.
Algumas reflexões teóricas sobre a traje indígena no Brasil colônia
Authors: Delson Roberta Marx
Published: April 2024

O presente artigo é uma tentativa preliminar de aplicar as teorias sociais atuais sobre “vestuário” como uma forma de adorno, e “vestuário” como significante de classe em relação a questão dos modos de vestir dos povos indígenas no Brasil colonial. Partindo da análise de Joanne Enwistle, examino o encontro entre os indígenas e os administradores coloniais portugueses que ocorreu por mais de três séculos de controle. Também interpreto as ordens emitidas sobre as roupas dos nativos durante o controle do Diretório dos Índios. Minhas conclusões reforçam as teorias de que os adornos indígenas podem ser interpretados como “vestimentas” e, além disso, os portugueses entendiam esse conceito. Apesar disso, existiam contradições na abordagem portuguesa de criação de um proletariado de indígenas vestidos de maneira uniforme; a Coroa rotineiramente elevava os líderes (aos quais eram destinadas roupas elegantes) de maneira a reforçar a dependência em relação aos líderes coloniais. Ainda que esse “código de vestimenta” para a população indígena ajudasse a manter a ordem social, ele não foi inevitavelmente seguido.
Utilizing Diagnostic Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome and Ulnar Nerve Pathology
Authors: Manske Robert C. , Voight Michael , Page Phil , Wolfe Chris
Published: April 2024

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome (CTS), is a frequently encountered condition in clinical settings, typically arising from static or dynamic compression of the ulnar nerve. CTS is characterized by the irritation of the ulnar nerve within the cubital tunnel and is a common neuropathic condition that can significantly impact functional abilities and quality of life. This article explores the utility of diagnostic musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK-US) in the evaluation of the cubital tunnel and the ulnar nerve. The cubital tunnel syndrome, a common entrapment neuropathy of the ulnar nerve, often presents diagnostic challenges. Traditionally, nerve conduction studies and electromyography have been the primary diagnostic tools used to diagnose CTS. Given the superficial nature of the ulnar groove and its adjacent structures, MSK-US imaging known for its non-invasive nature and high-resolution imaging capabilities, has become an increasingly valuable tool in the assessment and management of various musculoskeletal conditions. This article reviews the technical aspects of MSK-US, its advantages in visualizing the ulnar nerve and related structures, and its implications in clinical practice for rehabilitation providers. By integrating MSK-US in the evaluation of CTS, rehabilitation professionals can enhance diagnostic accuracy, tailor interventions, and improve patient outcomes.