bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal modelling, simulation and investigation of cylindrical lithium‐ion batteries—A comprehensive study
Authors: Thomas Amar S. , Ghosh Nitika , Panigrahi B.K. , Garg Akhil
Published: May 2022

The heat dissipation around battery cells should be thoroughly examined to keep the battery pack running properly. This article mainly focuses on the 3D analysis of thermal distribution in lithium‐ion battery (LIB; 14650, 18650 and 26650) with varied geometry sizes and the thermal distribution of LIB packs (6s and 12s series) at different charge/discharge rate. It has been concluded that the capacity loss increases at higher SOC levels for the calendar aging as derived from the lumped model approach. Additionally, the rate of heat generation with the increase in battery size and its effect on the overall battery temperature has been observed. The proposed work has been simulated in COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6 for observing the temperature variations within the battery pack and the vital findings are stated from the conclusions.
Particle swarm optimization of the spectral and energy efficiency of an SCMA‐based heterogeneous cellular network
Authors: Noma‐Osaghae Etinosa , Misra Sanjay , Ahuja Ravin , Koyuncu Murat
Published: May 2022

Background

The effect of stochastic small base station (SBS) deployment on the energy efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency (SE) of sparse code multiple access (SCMA)‐based heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs) is still mostly unknown.

Aim

This research study seeks to provide insight into the interaction between SE and EE in SBS sleep‐mode enabled SCMA‐based HCNs.

Methodology

A model that characterizes the energy‐spectral‐efficiency (ESE) of a two‐tier SBS sleep‐mode enabled SCMA‐based HCN was derived. A multiobjective optimization problem was formulated to maximize the SE and EE of the SCMA‐based HCN simultaneously. The multiobjective optimization problem was solved using a proposed weighted sum modified particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO). A comparison was made between the performance of the proposed weighted sum modified PSO algorithm and the genetic algorithm (GA) and the case where the SCMA‐based HCN is unoptimized.

Results

The Pareto‐optimal front generated showed a simultaneous maximization of the SE and EE of the SCMA‐based HCN at high traffic levels and a convex front that allows network operators to select the SE‐EE tradeoff at low traffic levels flexibly. The proposed PSO algorithm offers a higher SBS density, and a higher SBS transmit power at high traffic levels than at low traffic levels. The unoptimized SCMA‐based HCN achieves an 80% lower SE and a 51% lower EE than the proposed PSO optimized SCMA‐based HCN. The optimum SE and EE achieved by the SCMA‐based HCN using the proposed PSO algorithm or the GA are comparable, but the proposed PSO uses a 51.85% lower SBS density and a 35.96% lower SBS transmit power to achieve the optimal SE and EE at moderate traffic levels.

Conclusion

In sleep‐mode enabled SCMA‐based HCNs, network engineers have to decide the balance of SBS density and SBS transmit power that helps achieve the desired SE and EE.
Effects of age and gender on neural correlates of emotion imagery
Authors: Tomasino Barbara , Maggioni Eleonora , Bonivento Carolina , Nobile Maria , D'Agostini Serena , Arrigoni Filippo , Fabbro Franco , Brambilla Paolo
Published: May 2022

Mental imagery is part of people's own internal processing and plays an important role in everyday life, cognition and pathology. The neural network supporting mental imagery is bottom‐up modulated by the imagery content. Here, we examined the complex associations of gender and age with the neural mechanisms underlying emotion imagery. We assessed the brain circuits involved in emotion mental imagery (vs. action imagery), controlled by a letter detection task on the same stimuli, chosen to ensure attention to the stimuli and to discourage imagery, in 91 men and women aged 14–65 years using fMRI. In women, compared with men, emotion imagery significantly increased activation within the right putamen, which is involved in emotional processing. Increasing age, significantly decreased mental imagery‐related activation in the left insula and cingulate cortex, areas involved in awareness of ones' internal states, and it significantly decreased emotion verbs‐related activation in the left putamen, which is part of the limbic system. This finding suggests a top‐down mechanism by which gender and age, in interaction with bottom‐up effect of type of stimulus, or directly, can modulate the brain mechanisms underlying mental imagery.
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Authors: Chen Fan , Tang Qing , Ma Tian , Zhu Bihui , Wang Liyun , He Chao , Luo Xianglin , Cao Sujiao , Ma Lang , Cheng Chong
Published: May 2022

Sujiao Cao, Lang Ma, Chong Cheng, and co‐workers (DOI:10.1002/inf2.12299) have comprehensively summarized the physicochemical structures of the most representative emerging 2D materials and the design of their nanostructures for engineering high‐performance bioelectronic devices. In this cover, the recent developments of emerging 2D materials in bioelectronics have been introduced, such as neural interface simulation, biomolecular/biomarker detection, and microbial/skin sensors.

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Th17 cell‐derived miR‐155‐5p modulates interleukin‐17 and suppressor of cytokines signaling 1 expression during the progression of systemic sclerosis
Authors: Han Li , Lv Qin , Guo Kelei , Li Linyun , Zhang Hong , Bian Hua
Published: May 2022

Background

miR‐155‐5p is associated with autoimmune diseases. T helper 17 (Th17) cells, interleukin (IL)‐17, and suppressor of cytokines signaling 1 (SOCS1) have important roles in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). The purpose of this study was to explore the role of miR‐155‐5p in the regulation of IL‐17 and SOCS1 expression in Th17 cells and the subsequent effect on SSc disease progression.

Methods

Th17 cells were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of SSc patients and healthy controls (HCs). RT‐qPCR and western blotting were used to examine the expression patterns of miR‐155‐5p, IL‐17, and SOCS1. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to confirm SOCS1 as a target of miR‐155‐5p. RNA pull‐down assays were performed to detect the interaction of IL‐17 and SOCS1 with miR‐155‐5p. In situ hybridization was performed to analyze the co‐expression pattern of miR‐155‐5p and IL17A in Th17 cells.

Results

The levels of Th17 cell‐derived miR‐155‐5p were significantly up‐regulated in SSc patients compared with HCs, and its levels were negatively correlated with SOCS1 levels. Meanwhile, miR‐155‐5p positively regulated IL‐17 expression levels in Th17 cells isolated from SSc patients as the disease progressed. Using pmirGLO vectors, SOCS1 was confirmed as a target of miR‐155‐5p. The binding status of IL‐17 and SOCS1 to miR‐155‐5p was related to SSc progression. An increase in the co‐localization of miR‐155‐5p and IL‐17 was associated with greater SSc progression.

Conclusions

IL‐17 and SOCS1 expression modulated by Th17 cell‐derived miR‐155‐5p are critical for SSc progression, which may provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of SSc.
COVID‐19‐associated secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis requiring hematopoietic cell transplant
Authors: Greenmyer Jacob R. , Wyatt Kirk D , Milanovich Sam , Kohorst Mira A. , Ferdjallah Asmaa
Published: May 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection causes a variety of extrapulmonary complications in pediatric patients. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) are related to hypercytokinemia in COVID‐19 patients. HLH is a disorder of exaggerated inflammation resulting in a cytokine storm and unrestricted hemophagocytosis. HLH can be primary (familial) or secondary (acquired). Secondary HLH (sHLH) can occur in patients with rheumatologic, oncologic, or infectious diseases. The link between COVID‐19 and HLH has been reported in pediatric patients. Here we report a case of a pediatric patient who developed refractory sHLH secondary to COVID‐19 infection and required a hematopoietic cell transplant for the cure.
African Leadership in the Diaspora: Diffusion, Infusion, Synergy, and Challenges
Authors: Alhassan Abdul‐Latif , Kliewer Brandon W.
Published: May 2022

The concept of leadership has a long history but gained vogue in Africa with the emergence of democracy and end of colonialism. Leadership, however, cannot be understood independent of context and so there have been questions of what African leadership is, African leadership in the diaspora, African leadership styles, and the future of Africa. The combination of past linkages, traditions, culture, history, and indigenous habits creates unique leadership styles that are distinctly African. Traditional leadership ontologies must acknowledge how leadership has evolved in ways distinct to the African experience. Collective and practiced ontologies of leadership must attend to the ways dialogic exchange, relationship, and socio‐material meaning take on a unique character when viewed through the lens of African culture and context. For Africans living outside of the continent (the diaspora), the expression and practice of leadership is embroiled with many issues. Studies on African leadership identify some features of African leadership culture and how those features play out on the identity, style, and development of African leaders exploring leadership as a vehicle for development in Africa. Using systematic review of the literature, the paper explores African leadership in the diaspora through dominant collective and practice leadership ontologies and cultural hybridity.
Influence of nanoemulsion/gum ratio on droplet size distribution, rheology and physical stability of nanoemulgels containing inulin and omega‐3 fatty acids
Authors: Alfaro‐Rodríguez María‐Carmen , Prieto P. , García M. C. , Martín‐Piñero M. J. , Muñoz J.
Published: May 2022

Background

New consumer habits are forcing the food industry to develop new and healthy products. In response to this tendency, in this investigation, we obtained nanoemulgels by microfluidization containing inulin fibre and omega‐3 fatty acids. First, the influence of the number of microfluidization cycles on the physical properties of the nanoemulsions was studied. Subsequently, an advanced‐performance xanthan gum was added to the nanoemulsion in different nanoemulsion/xanthan ratios (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 1:2, and 1:3).

Results

Laser diffraction, multiple light scattering, and rheology techniques were used to characterize nanoemulsions and the corresponding nanoemulgels. The nanoemulsion with the lowest Sauter mean diameter (138 nm) and the longest physical stability was obtained after three passes through a microfluidization device at a fixed pressure of 103 421 kPa. Thus, these processing conditions were always used to obtain the nanoemulsion; these were subsequently mixed with a xanthan gum solution to produce nanoemulgels that showed weak gel‐like viscoelastic and shear‐thinning flow behaviours. A decrease in the nanoemulsion/xanthan ratio (i.e. by an increase in the content of xanthan gum in the nanoemulgel) increased the viscoelastic moduli and the zero shear viscosity values. A rise in the droplet size was observed with aging time, probably due to flocculation. The nanoemulsion/xanthan gum mass ratio of 1:3 yielded the most stable nanoemulgel.

Conclusions

This work is a contribution to the development of functional foods. It has been demonstrated that it is possible to obtain a stable nanoemulgel‐based food matrix containing fibre and omega‐3 fatty acids. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Correlations of MR Sialographic Gradings with the Clinical Measures of Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Cho Ara , Lee Ye Rin , Jeon Yu Tae , Chang Seung‐Hyun , Park Young Min , Ahn Sung Jun , Lim Jae‐Yol
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Sjögren syndrome (SS) features salivary gland architectural changes such as ductal deformities and fat deposition secondary to inflammatory cell infiltrates; however, the anatomical and pathophysiological correlations of SS remain to be determined. This study aimed to determine the correlations of imaging findings based on the magnetic resonance (MR) sialography with the clinical and laboratory aspects of SS patients.

Methods

We evaluated the MR sialographic findings of two pairs of parotid glands (PGs) and submandibular glands (SMGs) from 41 SS patients. The distinct MR sialographic features were then compared with the clinical symptoms, biological (anti‐SSA/Ro antibody positivity), histological (labial gland focus score), and functional (salivary flow and scintigraphy) data.

Results

Ductal deformities such as sialectasis in the PG ducts were exclusively observed in SS, and fat replacement in SMGs was more distinct in patients with SS than in non‐SS sicca patients. Of the 82 PGs and SMGs from 41 SS patients, the grade of sialectasis in PGs on MR sialographic images and fat stage in SMGs showed strong correlations with anti‐SSA/Ro‐positivity. PG sialectasis was found more frequently in patients with dry mouth and decreased salivary gland function. A significant correlation was found between fat deposition in PGs and SMGs and decreased salivary gland function.

Conclusion

These results suggest that MR sialography is a reliable, adjunctive anatomical and functional study to assess SS. Detail aspects of sialectasis and fat accumulation encountered on MR sialography in SS patients can help physicians assume the disease status in SS.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:307–316, 2023
Examining Epibenthic Assemblages Associated with Artificial Reefs Using a Species Archetype Approach
Authors: Yu Haolin , Fang Guangjie , Rose Kenneth A. , Tang Yanli , Song Xiefa
Published: May 2022

The placement of artificial reefs (ARs) influences, to various degrees, a wide range of epibenthic species, whereas most assessments focus on target or focal species. Methods of capturing the responses of many species can inform management about the full range of likely responses of species to the location and arrangement of ARs. Performing many single-species analyses presents difficulties in interpretation. We used monitoring data from 14 surveys from June 2017 to August 2020 in an area with ARs deployed in the Bohai Sea, China. Both trap and visual census data were collected, and a suite of environmental variables was also collected or estimated for sampled sites and for spatial cells throughout the study area. The data were used to fit a species archetype model (SAM) that relies on the shared responses of species to environmental variables. The many species were grouped into six distinct archetypes. Species membership in the archetypes was confirmed by comparing results to the isometric feature mapping and partitioning around medoids (ISOPAM) approach, which relied on species co-occurrence applied to the same data. The SAM results were also validated by comparing archetypes determined with fitting to predictions from a single survey that was not used in fitting. The six archetypes identified by the SAM had member species that differed in dependence on substrate types, distance to the nearest AR, distance to the nearest gravel, temperature, dissolved oxygen, time since AR deployment, and sampling method. The importance of the environmental variables was assessed by computing the changes in predicted occurrence probabilities of the archetypes when environmental variables were varied with the other environmental variables set at their minimum, mean, maximum, or optimal values. Species archetype modeling provides a valuable approach for predicting occurrence probabilities of epibenthic species assemblages in response to the locations and arrangement of ARs, and results can inform management related to fishing enhancement and conservation.
Periodic Limb Movements while Awake (PLMA) as a Manifestation of Wearing‐Off in Parkinson's Disease: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Alshimemeri Sohaila , Di Luca Daniel G. , Olszewska Diana A. , Mulroy Eoin , Bhatia Kailash P. , Fox Susan H. , Lang Anthony E.
Published: May 2022

Background

Periodic limb movements while awake (PLMA) are similar to Periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) but occurring during wakefulness and seen in association with restless leg syndrome (RLS).

Objectives

To describe PLMA as a wearing‐off phenomenon in Parkinson's Disease (PD).

Methods

We describe four individuals with PD and PLMS, who had associated similar periodic and stereotypic lower extremity movements during wakefulness, thought to be secondary to PLMA, and were highly responsive to dopaminergic treatment.

Results

Despite the prevalence of RLS and PLMS in individuals with PD, the presence of similar movements during wakefulness has not been well characterized. The lack of a specific diagnostic criteria poses a significant diagnostic challenge.

Conclusions

We describe, for the first time to our knowledge, PLMA as a wearing‐off phenomenon in PD. This entity could be classified in the spectrum of “low‐dose dyskinesia,” as we found that it was highly responsive to dopaminergic treatment.
Dynamics and optimal control of a spatial diffusion HIV/AIDS model with antiretrovial therapy and pre‐exposure prophylaxis treatments
Authors: Wang Liping , Din Anwarud , Wu Peng
Published: May 2022

In this paper, to investigate the synthetic effect of PrEP (pre‐exposure prophylaxis) and ART (antiretrovial therapy) on HIV transmission among MSM (men who have sex with men) in heterogenous environment, a realistic HIV epidemic model with spatial diffusion is established. Here, HIV infectious people are divided into three immunity based compartments, that is, CD4+ T cell count less than 350, between 350 and 500, and more than 500, respectively. The basic reproduction number
is established and proved as a threshold parameter: The global asymptotic stability of the disease‐free steady state holds for
, and the disease will be present if
. Considering the substantial advantages of PrEP and ART in controlling HIV transmissions among MSM, the optimal control problem is presented for the case of positive constant diffusion coefficients, which minimize the total population of susceptible individual and HIV infected individual, the cost of PrEP and ART therapy. As an illustration of our theoretical results, we conduct numerical simulations. We also conduct an optimal control case study where model parameters are estimated from the demographic and epidemiological data from China. This work suggests the following: (1) Spatial factors cannot be ignored during the HIV intervention; (2)taking the PrEP intervention measure for HIV transmissions among MSM as early as possible will help to improve the control efficiency and reduces its cost; (3) reducing the PrEP drug costs will promote the efficiency of PrEP treatment in preventing the spread of HIV among MSM.
Shear buckling of aerospace panels made by induction welded thermoplastic matrix composite elements
Authors: Nicassio Francesco , Maffezzoli Alfonso , Buccoliero Giuseppe , Scarselli Gennaro
Published: May 2022

A thermoplastic matrix composite flat panel stiffened by induction welded stringers, according to a typical aerospace configuration was tested. A Poly‐Ether‐Ether‐Ketone (PEEK) matrix reinforced by carbon fibers was adopted. The aim of this study was to investigate the shear buckling, a load condition that is very common for the aerospace structures, of the panel obtained using a non‐conventional approach for its fabrication, that is, induction welding. A finite element (FE) model capable to describe the buckling and the postbuckling behavior of the stiffened panel was also developed and compared with experimental results. Testing was performed using fixtures suitably designed to transmit a pure shear to the panel, and strain gauges were mounted on the external surfaces to measure the deformations.
The effect of authentic leadership and organizational climate on the volunteering behavior of college students: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Wu Yushen , Xu Liping
Published: May 2022

This study explored the role of volunteers’ psychological capital and family concern in the effect of the authentic leadership and organization's climate on volunteering behavior in volunteer organizations. A questionnaire survey was used to investigate 945 college student volunteers from volunteer organizations in Chinese colleges at three time points. The results found that authentic leadership and the climate in the volunteer organization were significantly and positively related to volunteers’ psychological capital and volunteering behavior, and family concern was significantly and positively related to authentic leadership in volunteer organizations and volunteers’ psychological capital. Authentic leadership and climate in volunteer organizations positively affected volunteering behavior, not only directly but also indirectly, through the mediating role of volunteers’ psychological capital. Moreover, family concern played a moderating role in the indirect effect of authentic leadership and the climate in volunteer organizations on volunteering behavior through volunteers’ psychological capital. Specifically, when the college students’ family concern increased, the positive indirect effect of the authentic leadership and climate in volunteer organizations on volunteering behavior through volunteers’ psychological capital increased.
On the relation between crowding and ensemble perception: Examining the role of attention
Authors: Lin Zhen , Gong Mingliang , Li Xiang
Published: May 2022

Ensemble perception of a crowd of stimuli is very accurate, even when individual stimuli are invisible due to crowding. The ability of high‐precision ensemble perception can be an evolved compensatory mechanism for the limited attentional resolution caused by crowding. Thus the relationship of crowding and ensemble coding is like two sides of the same coin wherein attention may play a critical factor for their coexistence. The present study investigated whether crowding and ensemble coding were similarly modulated by attention, which can promote our understanding of their relation. Experiment 1 showed that diverting attention away from the target harmed the performance in both crowding and ensemble perception tasks regardless of stimulus density, but crowding was more severely harmed. Experiment 2 showed that directing attention toward the target bar enhanced the performance of crowding regardless of stimulus density. Ensemble perception of high‐density bars was also enhanced but to a lesser extent, while ensemble perception of low‐density bars was harmed. Together, our results indicate that crowding is strongly modulated by attention, whereas ensemble perception is only moderately modulated by attention, which conforms to the adaptive view.
The effect of maternal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure and methylation levels of congenital heart diseases‐candidate genes on the risk of congenital heart diseases
Authors: Li Nana , Li Lu , Liu Zhen , Deng Ying , Wang Meixian , Zhao Jinju , Zeng Shengli , Kang Hong , Wang Yanping , Zhu Jun , Zhao Jianxin , Yu Ping
Published: May 2022

Objective

To evaluate the impact of maternal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and methylation levels of CHDs‐candidate genes on the risk of congenital heart diseases (CHDs), and the effect of PAHs exposure on DNA methylation states.

Methods

A case‐control study involving 60 mother ‐fetus pairs was performed by measuring 1‐OHPG concentration in maternal urine and methylation levels of 20 CHDs‐candidate genes in cord bloods. Logistic regression models were applied to determine the effect of maternal PAHs exposure and fetal methylation levels on the risk of CHDs. Spearman correlation was performed to correlate PAHs exposure and methylation levels.

Results

Maternal higher PAHs exposure was associated with the risk of CHDs (aOR = 3.245, 95% CI: 1.060, 9.937) or some subtypes. The methylation levels of 23 amplicons within 11 genes exhibited significant differences between CHDs and controls. Higher methylation of NKX2‐5_M1 was associated with decreased risk of CHDs (aOR = 0.182, 95% CI:0.034, 0.983). No significant correlations were found between 1‐OHPG concentration and methylation levels of NKX2‐5_M1.

Conclusions

Maternal PAHs exposure was linked with CHDs. Higher methylation of the upstream sequence of NKX2‐5 promoter decreased the risk of CHDs. There was no correlation between maternal PAHs exposure and the methylation level of NKX2‐5.
Foreign body aspiration in two young infants: The devil in the carpet
Authors: Goussard Pierre , Merven Marc , Parker Noor , Gie Andre , Myburgh Chantelle , Andronikou Savvas , Wagenaar Riegart
Published: May 2022

Foreign body aspiration is rare in children below 6 months of age. Very young children presenting with stridor, atypical croup presentation, and not responding accordingly, subglottic foreign body aspiration should be considered. These may not always be visible with bedside flexible endoscopy and may need investigation under anesthesia. We report two cases of devil's thorn aspiration in young infants. These children were left on the floor to play and devils thorn may be a danger lurking as the they have been deposited unknowingly by the shoes people wear and pick up by these young infants.
Pipiserpin, a Culex factor Xa inhibitor, affects female reproductive capacity and serves as a potential target for mosquito control
Authors: Zhang Donghui , Zhu Yawen , Lu Qingyu , Chen Fei , Wang Jiahui , Hou Min , Chen Lu , Xu Zhipeng , Ji Minjun , Chen Lin
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Mosquito control is still the main prevention and control measure for numerous mosquito‐borne diseases causing millions of deaths each year. New strategies for mosquito control are in demand. Proteases play an important role in mosquito physiology, therefore this study explored the inhibition of a serpin (serine protease inhibitor) in mosquitoes and its effect on reproductive capacity.

RESULTS

A factor Xa inhibitor homolog (named Pipiserpin) was amplified and identified in Culex pipiens pallens mosquitoes. We expressed a recombinant Pipiserpin protein in vitro against which a mouse antiserum was generated. We found that female mosquitoes expressed more Pipiserpin protein than male mosquitoes. After mating, female mosquitoes were fed with blood mixed with different amounts of antisera and results showed that consumption of Pipiserpin impeded ovary development and decreased eggs hatching rates compared to that of the pre‐immune serum group.

CONCLUSION

We identified a Culex mosquito factor Xa inhibitor, Pipiserpin, which affects female reproductive potential. Our results suggest that Pipiserpin may be a novel target for mosquito population control. The conclusions from our study on Cx. pipiens pallens might serve as a reference for the development of control measures for other mosquitoes as well. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
A rare case of pulmonary mucormycosis complicated by hydropneumothorax, successfully treated with non‐surgical therapies
Authors: Liu Qiliang , Good William , Salmon Andrew , Gow Nicholas , Griffiths Paul
Published: May 2022

Pulmonary mucormycosis (PM) is a rare but rapidly progressive fungal infection associated with high mortality. A review of the literature suggests that pleural effusions and pneumothoraces are uncommon manifestations associated with distant dissemination. Combined surgical interventions and prolonged antifungal therapy constitute the standard first‐line management, with significantly poorer outcomes seen in patients managed with medical therapy alone. Here, we report an unusual case of PM complicated by hydropneumothorax in an immunocompromised patient, in whom comorbidities and disease burden precluded surgical debridement. His disease was ultimately treated with intravenous amphotericin B and maintenance posaconazole after adjunctive drainage. This clinical experience highlights the efficacy of antifungal therapy alone in the treatment of potentially fatal cases of PM unsuitable for surgery.
The knowledge‐incentive tradeoff: Understanding the relationship between research and development decentralization and innovation
Authors: Eklund John C.
Published: May 2022

Research Summary

Strategy scholars view innovation through the lens of knowledge recombination, whereas organizational economics scholars view innovation through the lens of effective incentive design. This sets up a tension regarding how firms should structure their research and development (R&D) units. Namely, decentralization facilitates the effective use of incentives but comes with the cost of reduced intra‐organizational knowledge flows. In this study, I unpack this tension by examining the novelty of inventions that firms create and develop. I argue that R&D centralization facilitates the creation and development of inventions that are more novel, whereas R&D decentralization facilitates the creation of more inventions of lower average novelty and their progression through development. I find support for these arguments in the pharmaceutical industry between 1995 and 2015.

Managerial Summary

When does the effective use of incentives or a firm's knowledge have a greater impact on a firm's innovation? This has important managerial implications as it shapes whether firms are better off centralizing or decentralizing their R&D units. Centralization enables firms to make better use of their knowledge and decentralization ensures the better use of incentives. More effective use of incentives associated with greater decentralization of R&D is more critical if firms wish to create and develop more inventions that are of lower average novelty. In contrast, more effective use of a firm's knowledge associated with greater centralization of R&D is more critical if firms want to create and develop a lower quantity of inventions that are of greater average novelty.
Ecofriendly high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography‐densitometric method for determination of a new triple pharmaceutical combination targeting Helicobacter pylori eradication along with greenness profile assessment
Authors: Darweish Eman , Eissa Maya S. , Fayez Yasmin M. , Marzouk Hoda M.
Published: May 2022

Herein, an ecofriendly, simple, accurate, and cost‐effective high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography‐densitometic method was developed and optimized for separation and estimation of the novel triple therapy combination of Tinidazole, Clarithromycin, and Lansoprazole for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Successful chromatographic separation was established using high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography silica gel 60 F254 plates as stationary phase and a developing system consisted of ethanol‐acetone‐ammonia (10.0:4.0:0.1, by volume). Scanning of the bands was accomplished at 210 nm. The presented method has been fully validated and found to be suitable for application in routine quality control of the studied drugs in their dosage form with average percent recoveries of 99.97 ± 0.62, 100.89 ± 0.51, and 99.78 ± 0.56% for Clarithromycin, Tinidazole and Lansoprazole, respectively. The developed method was assessed with four greenness evaluation tools; National Environmental Method Index, Analytical Eco‐scale, Green Analytical Procedure Index, and Analytical GREEnness Metric tool. The suggested method was demonstrated to be more environmental friendly than the reported high‐performance liquid chromatography one in terms of the use of hazardous chemicals and solvents, energy consumption, and waste generation.
Importance of communicating science to the general public: an empirical study of top Indian scientists
Authors: Rajput Abhay S. D. , Sharma Sangeeta
Published: May 2022

A survey shows for the first time how important senior Indian scientists perceive science communication with the general public to be. Most of them believe communicating science is important, and that scientists have a moral duty to inform the public about their research. While they believe increasing public awareness of science and improving science–society linkages are important, they are concerned that scientific ignorance among the public can potentially hinder the advancement of science. Potential implications for enhancing science communication in India are discussed.
‘Nobody Kills a Priest’: Irish Noir and Pathogenic Vulnerability in Benjamin Black’s Holy Orders
Authors: Pérez-Vides Auxiliadora
Published: May 2022

This chapter addresses the systemic precarisation of individuals through the examination of Holy Orders (2013), the sixth title in Benjamin Black’s “Quirke series”. This crime novel describes the multi-layered precarity of Ireland’s travellers, that appear, I argue, as archives of the failing of infrastructural norms and paradigms of pathogenic vulnerability. Similarly, the story captures the corrupted network of control and influence sustained by the Catholic Church and its concomitant rule of silence, whose dysfunctionality generates a string of parallel justice. In my analysis, I will first explore how the failure of Ireland’s network of infrastructural support has prevailed throughout time, decimating the lives of some of its most vulnerable individuals. Then, I will trace the vigilantism that, as a convention in crime fiction, appears as a product of such deficiency and the troubling questions posed for the contemporary reader.
Crime Fiction’s Disobedient Gaze: Refugees’ Vulnerability in Ausma Zehanat Khan’s A Dangerous Crossing (2018)
Authors: Cuder-Domínguez Pilar
Published: May 2022

This chapter explores Ausma Zehanat Khan’s fourth police procedural,A Dangerous Crossing(2018), as an example of human rights fiction that casts a “disobedient gaze” on the current global refugee situation. Using the conventions of the crime genre, the novel manages to provide a detailed analysis of the gender vulnerability of Syrian refugees stranded in Greek camps and mobilises a transformative kind of empathy by drawing alternative affective economies that help readers expand the limit of our imagination. The chapter argues that Khan’s refugee advocacy rests on envisioning the human within those who are depicted as nonhuman in media and political descriptions of forced migration in the context of increased border securitisation.
The Ajaokuta Steel Project
Authors: Ibrahim Jimoh , Loch Christoph , Sengupta Kishore
Published: May 2022

The Ajaokuta Steel Project has been a widely visible symbol of Nigerian industrialization through steel production for 50 years. At the writing of this book, at least $5 billion have been spent, and a workforce of 3000 people live and work on site to maintain it, but not one ton of steel has been produced.

The project started as an ambitious industrialization project in 1971, awarded to a Soviet contractor. After delays from limited financial and manpower capacity, it was stopped by a new government in 1983 under corruption charges and lay fallow for 17 years. In 2000, civilian President Obasanjo restarted the project that he had initiated in 1971 as military president, now in a public–private partnership (PPP) scheme. But this again fell apart because of corruption charges and then lawsuits from the firm that had purchased the licence and did not want to be pushed out. Today, the government is looking for a new private partner. The case also discusses the fundamental question of whether the idea of industrialization through steel (rather than other technologies) is still sufficiently relevant to justify the reviving of equipment that was designed 40 years ago.
Wenn es um Karriere geht – Studie zu kultureller Diversität und Führungspersönlichkeiten in Betrieben
Authors: Semke Edwin , Juric-Kacunic Marela
Published: May 2022

In diesem Kapitel wird anhand einer Studie untersucht, welche Persönlichkeitsmerkmale Beschäftigte im MINT-Bereich vorweisen, die karrierefördernd sein könnten. Beschäftigten wurden drei Gruppen zugeordnet: Migrantinnen und Migranten, Beschäftigte ohne Migrationshintergrund und Beschäftigte mit Migrationshintergrund. Die Häufigkeit bestimmter Aussagen aus den Interviews wurde auf das Persönlichkeitsmodell „Fünf-Faktoren-Modell“ (Offenheit für neue Erfahrungen, Gewissenhaftigkeit, Extraversion, Verträglichkeit, Neurotizismus) bezogen. Bei den Merkmalen „Offenheit für neue Erfahrungen“ und „Neurotizismus“ gab es keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen. Das Merkmal „Gewissenhaftigkeit“ zeigte ein Chancenplus für Personen mit Migrationshintergrund. Bezogen auf die Eigenschaft „Extraversion“ hatten Migrierte und Personen ohne Migrationshintergrund ein deutliches Übergewicht. Beim Merkmal „Verträglichkeit“ wiesen Personen mit Migrationshintergrund die höchsten Ausprägungen auf.
Einheit in der Vielfalt? Kritische Betrachtung von Diversity Orientierung anhand empirischer Ergebnisse
Authors: Genkova Petia , Semke Edwin , Schreiber Henrik
Published: May 2022

Das folgende Kapitel stellt als Sammelwerk Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojektes „Diversität Nutzen und Annehmen“ der Innovations- und Technik-Analyse des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung vor, welches sich mit Diversity, Diversity Management sowie intrapersonellen Einstellungen zu Diversity und förderlichen Wirkfaktoren in den Bereichen Studium und Berufswelt der MINT-Branche befasste. Ziel war es, zu untersuchen, auf welche Weise Stereotypenbedrohung und Faultlines in Hochschulen und Unternehmen wahrgenommen werden und inwiefern diesen Aspekten durch Diversity Beliefs entgegengewirkt werden kann. Aufgrund des Forschungsdesign, welches Diversity auf drei Ebenen (Studierende, Mitarbeitende und Führungskräfte) detailliert untersuchte, konnten relevante Ergebnisse ermittelt und daraus weitreichende Erkenntnisse für die Praxis und Wissenschaft gezogen werden. Im Zuge des Forschungsprojektes konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich Personen mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund der Vielfalt bewusst sind, jedoch Defizite in der effektiven Nutzung von Diversity existieren. Zudem wurde deutlich, dass Stereotypenbedrohung und Faultlines für Personen mit Migrationshintergrund Teil ihres Lebens- beziehungsweise Arbeitsalltags darstellen. Personen ohne Migrationshintergrund sind sich diesen Herausforderungen, denen Personen mit Migrationshintergrund ausgesetzt sind, meist nicht bewusst. Weiterhin wurde ersichtlich, dass Diversity noch stärker in die Unternehmenskultur von Organisationen im MINT-Bereich integriert werden sollte. Durch ein organisationales Leitbild, welches für Diversity einsteht und diese fördert, kann ein erfolgreiches Diversity Management implementiert werden, welches sich nicht nur für Fairness und Unterstützung einsetzt, sondern sich den wirtschaftlichen Vorteilen von Diversity bewusst ist. Mögliche effiziente Maßnahmen für ein erfolgreiches Diversity Management stellen Top-Down Ansätze und die Förderung von positiven Diversity-Einstellungen dar. Abschließend wird ein Ausblick über die Auswirkungen der Corona-Pandemie auf Diversity Management und Diversity Maßnahmen sowie potenzielle (langfristige) Veränderungen und den daraus entstehenden Bedarf gegeben. Die Umsetzung von effektiven Maßnahmen in Institutionen und Organisationen, die auch in Zukunft Wirkung zeigen, sind ausschlaggebend, um von den positiven Konsequenzen von Diversity im gesellschaftlichen Leben profitieren zu können.
Diquark properties from full QCD lattice simulations
Authors: Francis Anthony , de Forcrand Philippe , Lewis Randy , Maltman Kim
Published: May 2022

Abstract

We study diquarks on the lattice in the background of a static quark, in a gauge-invariant formalism with quark masses down to almost physical mπ. We determine mass differences between diquark channels as well as diquark-quark mass differences. The lightest and next-to-lightest diquarks have “good” scalar, $$ {\overline{3}}_F $$

3
¯

F

, $$ {\overline{3}}_c $$

3
¯

c

, JP = 0+, and “bad” axial vector, 6F, $$ {\overline{3}}_c $$

3
¯

c

, JP = 1+, quantum numbers, and a bad-good mass difference for ud flavors, 198(4) MeV, in excellent agreement with phenomenological determinations. Quark-quark attraction is found only in the “good” diquark channel. We extract a corresponding diquark size of ∼ 0.6 fm and perform a first exploration of the “good” diquark shape, which is shown to be spherical. Our results provide quantitative support for modeling the low-lying baryon spectrum using good light diquark effective degrees of freedom.
Reduction of general one-loop integrals using auxiliary vector
Authors: Feng Bo , Li Tingfei , Wang Hongbin , Zhang Yaobo
Published: May 2022

Abstract

As a key method to deal with loop integrals, Integration-By-Parts (IBP) method can be used to do reduction as well as establish the differential equations for master integrals. However, when talking about tensor reduction, the Passarino-Veltman (PV) reduction method is also widely used for one-loop integrals. Recently, we have proposed an improved PV reduction method, i.e., the PV reduction method with auxiliary vector R, which can easily give analytical reduction results for any tensor rank. However, our results are only for integrals with propagators with power one. In this paper, we generalize our method to one-loop integrals with general tensor structures and propagators with general powers. Our ideas are simple. We solve the generalised reduction problem by combining differentiation over masses and proper limit of reduction with power-one propagators. Finally, we demonstrate our method with several examples. With the result in this paper, we have shown that our improved PV-reduction method with auxiliary vector is a self-completed reduction method for one-loop integrals.
Postpartale Depression – wer kümmert sich? Versorgungszugänge über Hebammen, Gynäkologie, Pädiatrie und Allgemeinmedizin
Authors: Pawils Silke , Kochen Eileen , Weinbrenner Nora , Loew Viola , Döring Kornelia , Daehn Daria , Martens Claudia , Kaczmarek Philip , Renneberg Babette
Published: May 2022

Hintergrund

Die postpartale Depression (PPD) zählt zu den häufigsten psychischen Erkrankungen in der Postpartalzeit. Unbehandelt kann sie teils folgenschwere Auswirkungen auf die Mutter-Kind-Beziehung und die Entwicklung des Kindes haben. Um mögliche negative Auswirkungen verhindern zu können, sind eine frühzeitige Diagnostik betroffener Mütter und eine professionelle Betreuung essenziell.

Ziel der Arbeit

Der vorliegende Artikel exploriert das Zuständigkeitsgefühl der 4 Primärversorger:innen in der Postpartalzeit: Hebammen, Gynäkolog:innen, Hausärzt:innen und Pädiater:innen, und untersucht den Umgang mit der Erkrankung sowie die Barrieren und Optimierungsmöglichkeiten in der Versorgung.

Material und Methoden

Die primären Versorger:innen von Frauen nach einer Geburt in Deutschland wurden in 4 voneinander unabhängigen Studien befragt. Mit Hebammen, Gynäkolog:innen und Hausärzt:innen wurden quantitative Befragungen mittels Fragebögen durchgeführt, mit Vertreter:innen des deutschen Berufsverbands der Kinder- und Jugendärzte e. V. (BVKJ) eine qualitative Telefoninterviewbefragung. Es erfolgte eine systematische vergleichende Analyse.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

Hebammen und Gynäkolog:innen zeigten ein deutlich höheres Zuständigkeitsgefühl für das Erkennen und die Therapie der PPD als Hausärzt:innen und Pädiater:innen. Als zentrale Voraussetzung für eine Verbesserung der Versorgungssituation in Deutschland wurden von allen 4 Berufsgruppen eine engere interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit und somit ein größeres Angebot an Überweisungs- und Therapiemöglichkeiten genannt. Auch eine einheitliche Regelung der finanziellen Vergütung ist für alle Versorger ein wichtiger Aspekt.
Rigorous numerics for nonlinear heat equations in the complex plane of time
Authors: Takayasu Akitoshi , Lessard Jean-Philippe , Jaquette Jonathan , Okamoto Hisashi
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we introduce a method for computing rigorous local inclusions of solutions of Cauchy problems for nonlinear heat equations for complex time values. The proof is constructive and provides explicit bounds for the inclusion of the solution of the Cauchy problem, which is rewritten as a zero-finding problem on a certain Banach space. Using a solution map operator, we construct a simplified Newton operator and show that it has a unique fixed point. The fixed point together with its rigorous bounds provides the local inclusion of the solution of the Cauchy problem. The local inclusion technique is then applied iteratively to compute solutions over long time intervals. This technique is used to prove the existence of a branching singularity in the nonlinear heat equation. Finally, we introduce an approach based on the Lyapunov–Perron method for calculating part of a center-stable manifold and prove that an open set of solutions of the Cauchy problem converge to zero, hence yielding the global existence of the solutions in the complex plane of time.
Can thromboprophylaxis build a link for cancer patients undergoing surgical and/or chemotherapy treatment? The MeTHOS cohort study
Authors: Xynogalos Spyridon , Simeonidis David , Papageorgiou George , Pouliakis Abraham , Charalambakis Nikolaos , Lianos Evangelos , Mazlimoglou Evridiki , Liatsos Alexandros-Nikolaos , Kosmas Christos , Ziras Nicolaos
Published: May 2022

Background

Patients with active cancer have a 4–sevenfold increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) especially during systematic anticancer treatment. Simultaneously, surgery is an additional risk factor.

Methods

The Metaxas’s Hospital THromboprophylaxis program in Oncological & Surgical Patients (MeTHOS) is a prospective, phase IV, observational, non-interventional cohort study, aiming to record the thromboprophylaxis practice patterns in high-risk active cancer patients undergoing surgical and/or chemotherapy treatment.

Results

We are reporting results from 291 ambulatory patients (median age: 67 years, Q1–Q3: 59–73 years, 54.6% males) who received anti-neoplastic treatment and administered thromboprophylaxis. 59.8% had cardiovascular disease (mostly hypertension), 76.6% were reported as having at least one comorbidity, while 27.5% and 15.8% accumulated two and three comorbidities, respectively. 94.9% of the patients were receiving highly thrombogenic agents such as platinum-based agents, 5-FU, immunotherapy, antiangiogenics/anti-VEGF, or erythropoietin. 26.5% of the patients were initially surgically treated. In terms of anticoagulation, all patients were treated with tinzaparin (fixed dose, 10,000 Anti-Xa IU, OD). The median anticoagulation duration was 6.2 months. Six thrombotic events were observed (2.06%, 95% CI: 0.76–4.43%): 5 were DVT, and one PE. With respect to safety, 7 bleeding events occurred (2.6%, 95% CI: 1.0–5.3%); 6 of them were minor.

Conclusions

Thromboprophylaxis with LMWH in patients with active cancer and high thrombotic burden was safe and effective. Intermediate dose of tinzaparin seems to be an appropriate agent for cancer-associated thromboprophylaxis management.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04248348.
Weighted cumulative correspondence analysis based on a particular cumulative power divergence family
Authors: D’Ambra Antonello , Meccariello Giovanni , Della Ragione Livia
Published: May 2022

The Pearson’s $$X^2$$

X
2

statistic and the likelihood ratio statistic $$G^2$$

G
2

are most frequently used for testing independence or homogeneity, in two-way contingency table. These indexes are members of a continuous family of Power Divergence (PD) statistics, but they perform badly in studying the association between ordinal categorical variables. Taguchi’s and Nair’s statistics have been introduced in the literature as simple alternatives to Pearson’s index for contingency tables with ordered categorical variables. It’s possible to show, using a parameter, how to link Taguchi’s and Nair’s statistics obtaining a new class called Weighted Cumulative Chi-Squared (WCCS-type tests). Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to introduce a new divergence family based on cumulative frequencies called Weighted Cumulative Power Divergence. Moreover, an extension of Cumulative Correspondence Analysis based on WCCS and further properties are shown.