bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Terhadap Produktivitas Peternakan Sapi Perah
Authors: Alfiansyah Alfiansyah , Erniawati Erniawati
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the effect of Human Resource Management (HRM) on the productivity of dairy farms in Indonesia. Given the importance of quality human resource management in the livestock sector, this study explores how training, work motivation, and livestock health management can contribute to increased productivity. Data were collected through a survey involving dairy farmers, and analysis was conducted using statistical methods to measure the relationship between the variables studied. The results showed that good HR management plays a significant role in improving operational efficiency and dairy product quality. Training variables were shown to improve farmers' skills, while high work motivation contributed to improved employee performance. In addition, effective animal health management, including the management of reproductive disorders, has a direct effect on animal health and milk productivity. This study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to human resource management and animal health to achieve optimal productivity in the dairy farming industry. Recommendations for stakeholders include the development of continuous training programs and the creation of a supportive work environment to improve farmer performance. Thus, the results of this study are expected to be a reference in efforts to improve the competitiveness of the dairy farming sector in Indonesia.
Analisis Strategi Optimalisasi Penerimaan Pajak Di Sektor Ekonomi Informal
Authors: Larosa Wilan Rias Mei , Halawa Atriani
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze tax revenue optimization strategies in the informal economy sector in Indonesia, which is one of the largest sectors but has not been fully exploited in national tax revenue. In this research, a qualitative approach is used with a case study method on small and medium enterprises operating in the informal sector. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and literature studies related to taxation policies and characteristics of the informal economy sector. The results show that the main obstacles to tax revenue in this sector are low tax awareness, lack of understanding of taxation, and limited infrastructure and accessibility of tax services among informal economy actors. The discussion in this study highlights the need for innovative strategies such as continuous improvement of tax education, simplification of tax administration procedures, and the application of digital technology to expand the informal sector taxpayer base. In addition, the utilization of tax incentives is considered capable of encouraging more active participation of informal sector actors in tax compliance. The conclusion of this study is that optimizing tax revenue in the informal economy sector requires a holistic approach that combines education, technology, and appropriate incentive policies. With the right strategy, the informal economy sector can become a significant contributor to increasing national tax revenue, while encouraging the integration of informal economic actors into the formal economic system. This study recommends collaboration between the government and educational institutions to create effective tax literacy programs and the development of user-friendly digital applications for informal businesses.
Analisis Keberlanjutan Dan Peran Csr Dalam Pengembangan Ekonomi Lokal
Authors: Sabolak Yohana , Zebua Foniaman
Published: January 2025

Local economic development is an important aspect in the context of sustainability, where the role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has great potential to make a significant contribution. CSR not only plays a role in fulfilling corporate social responsibility, but also serves as a catalyst for sustainable economic growth. This paper analyzes the role of CSR in the context of local economic development, focusing on its practical implementation and its impact on communities and the environment. Through an in-depth approach to case studies and related literature, this research explores CSR strategies that are effective in integrating local economic needs with sustainable practices. The results of the analysis show that the integration of CSR in local economic development not only strengthens the relationship between companies and communities, but also increases local capacity to be economically and environmentally sustainable. The implications of this research provide a deeper understanding of how CSR can play a role in supporting sustainable local economic development in the future.
Pengenalan Dunia Kampus di Sma Negeri 1 Kuala Pembuang Kabupaten Seruyan
Authors: Yanis Muhammad Nazarul , Purnamasari Tina , Zebua Dermawan
Published: January 2025

Campus introduction activities are a form of community service which aims to provide information about the world of higher education and help high school students in determining future career choices. This research was carried out at SMA Negeri 1 Kuala Pembuang, Seruyan Regency, using interactive presentation and discussion methods. The results of the activity showed that students felt more motivated and had a clearer picture of the steps they should take after graduating from high school. Information about various majors and scholarship opportunities is of great interest to students, especially those who have financial constraints. Evaluation shows that this activity succeeded in reducing students' anxiety regarding college entrance selection and provided positive encouragement for them. This campus introduction activity has a significant impact in preparing students to continue their education to a higher level and this service is concrete evidence of the tridharma of higher education, namely Teaching, Research and Community Service.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Aquascape pada Siswa PKBM Baiturahman Desa Api api Kecamatan Wonokerto Kabupaten Pekalongan
Authors: Mardiana Tri Yusufi , Linayati Linayati , Oktaviani Nila , Madusari Benny Diah , Yahya M. Zulham , Wiradana Bahtiar Hanafi , Asyari Hasanudin , Pamungkas Muhammad Aji Bagus
Published: January 2025

Aquascape merupakan metode pemanfaatan air, udara, dan elemen lain untuk menciptakan akuarium yang estetis. Ada berbagai gaya, seperti gaya belanda, iwagumi, alam, biotope, jerman, dan hutan. Setiap gaya memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangannya masing-masing. Tujuan utama aquascape adalah menciptakan akuarium yang estetis dengan memadukan karakteristik udara, air, dan elemen lainnya. Gaya yang berbeda dapat memberikan manfaat yang berbeda pula bagi penggunanya. Tujuan utamanya adalah mencapai keseimbangan antara komponen biologis dan abiotik dalam aquascape. Tantangan utama dalam menciptakan aquascape adalah memastikan keseimbangan ekosistem antara udara dan komponen biologis. Hal ini dapat dicapai melalui fotosintesis, yang melibatkan penggunaan energi cahaya untuk menciptakan organisme hidup, karbon dioksida, dan air. Banyak masyarakat yang masih kurang berminat dengan proyek aquascape, dengan berbagai aspek seperti penyediaan udara, penyediaan air, pemeliharaan, dan pembangunan aquascape. Informasi dan pelatihan tentang aquascape sangat penting untuk mempromosikan akuakultur. Program edukasi masyarakat dilakukan untuk memberikan pendidikan dan pelatihan aquascape kepada pelajar di PKBM Baiturahman Desa Api-api Kecamatan Wonokerto Kabupaten Pekalongan. Program ini meliputi pemberian informasi dan pelatihan tentang desain dan konstruksi aquascape. Program ini melibatkan 23 siswa Paket B dan Paket C yang ditanyai minat dan kesukaannya. Program ini bertujuan untuk menyediakan wadah bagi siswa untuk berdiskusi dan belajar tentang desain dan konstruksi aquascape. Program ini juga mencakup lokakarya bagi siswa, di mana mereka belajar tentang pentingnya desain dan konstruksi aquascape. Lokakarya ini memberikan wawasan berharga mengenai pentingnya desain dan konstruksi aquascape.
Budidaya Maggot Bsf (Black Soldier Fly) Sebagai Pakan Alternatif Ikan Lele
Authors: Laoli Destriman , Zebua Okniel , Zega Asokhiwa
Published: January 2025

This community service activity aims to provide training to the community of Onozikho Village, West Gunungsitoli Subdistrict, Gunungsitoli City, regarding the cultivation of BSF (Black Soldier Fly) maggot as an alternative feed for catfish. This activity involved lecturers, staff, students of the Aquatic Resources Study Program, and the local community, held at the village hall. The training began with the provision of material on the potential of BSF maggot, followed by practical training on making maggot cultivation media. Lecture and discussion methods were applied to improve participants' understanding, which showed positive responses and active participation. The results of the activity showed that participants gained new knowledge and skills in maggot cultivation, which is expected to improve the family economy. BSF maggot cultivation is not only efficient in terms of animal feed costs, but also provides additional benefits in organic waste management. It is expected that this activity can continue with further mentoring to ensure the sustainability of maggot cultivation practices in the community.
Sosialiasi Pendidikan Tinggi Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Kesadaran Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Terhadap Pendidikan Lanjutan
Authors: Suroto  , Darmono  , Tina Purnamasari  , Ridwan  , Muhammad Nazarul Yanis  , Zebua Dermawan
Published: January 2025

Program pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan pentingnya pendidikan tinggi kepada siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) di beberapa wilayah yang memiliki keterbatasan informasi. Kegiatan ini meliputi sosialisasi pendidikan tinggi, diskusi interaktif, simulasi pemilihan program studi, serta pemberian informasi mengenai peluang beasiswa dan jalur pendidikan lanjutan. Hasil survei menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pemahaman siswa tentang pendidikan tinggi, dengan 85% siswa memiliki pemahaman yang lebih baik setelah mengikuti kegiatan. Selain itu, minat siswa untuk melanjutkan pendidikan meningkat dari 50% menjadi 70% pasca kegiatan. Meskipun program ini berhasil meningkatkan motivasi siswa, beberapa tantangan seperti keterbatasan akses informasi di daerah terpencil tetap perlu diperhatikan. Oleh karena itu, pendampingan dan tindak lanjut melalui platform daring disediakan untuk memastikan keberlanjutan dampak dari program ini.
Analisa Penegakan Hukum Pidana Perikanan di Indonesia
Authors: Robiyanoor Robiyanoor
Published: January 2025

Enforcement of fisheries criminal law in Indonesia is an important effort to protect fisheries resources from the threat of Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing. This study aims to analyze the challenges and solutions in enforcing fisheries criminal law through a literature review. The research method used is literature study by analyzing secondary data from various sources, including scientific journals, books and statutory regulatory documents. The research results show that the main challenges in enforcing fisheries criminal law in Indonesia include incompatibility between national policies and local implementation, limited human resources and technology, and corruption problems. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to increase coordination between agencies, increase human resource capacity, and use more sophisticated technology. This study concludes that integrated and sustainable efforts are needed to increase the effectiveness of law enforcement in the fisheries sector in Indonesia
Analisis Permeabilitas Tanah Berpasir Dan Tanah Lempung Dalam Hubunganya Dengan Manajemen Irigasi
Authors: Hura Jul Krisman , Gulo Murniwati
Published: January 2025

This research examines the permeability characteristics of sandy and clay soils and their implications for irrigation management in agricultural systems. Soil permeability is a key factor in determining water use efficiency and optimal irrigation strategies. The research methodology includes laboratory analysis of sandy and clay soil samples from various agricultural locations, measuring physical soil characteristics, infiltration rates, water storage capacity, and hydraulic conductivity. The results show significant differences between the two soil types, where sandy soil has high permeability ranging from 10^-3 to 10^-2 cm/second, low water storage capacity, and rapid infiltration rates, thus requiring more frequent irrigation with smaller volumes. In contrast, clay soil has low permeability ranging from 10^-7 to 10^-6 cm/second, high water storage capacity, and slow infiltration rates, requiring less frequent irrigation with larger volumes. Based on these results, specific irrigation management recommendations were developed that include irrigation schedule adjustments, water volume regulation, selection of appropriate irrigation methods, and water conservation techniques. This research provides important contributions to optimizing irrigation water use based on soil permeability characteristics, which can improve water use efficiency and agricultural productivity.
Pengaruh Kadar Air Dan Porositas Tanah Terhadap Efisiensi Pemberian Pupuk Pada Tanaman Jagung
Authors: Laia Murnimawati , Laia Jupirinus
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the effect of soil moisture content and soil corrosiveness on fertilizer efficiency in maize crops. The method employed is an experimental approach with treatments of different soil moisture levels (low, medium, and high) and the measurement of soil corrosiveness. The results showed that optimal soil moisture positively contributes to plant growth, with higher average plant height and yields at high moisture levels compared to low moisture levels. Additionally, soils with low corrosiveness are better at retaining water and nutrients, thereby enhancing fertilizer uptake efficiency. The interaction between soil moisture and soil corrosiveness was found to significantly affect crop yields. This study concludes that effective management of soil moisture and corrosiveness can improve fertilizer efficiency, and it provides recommendations for farmers to adopt precise fertilization strategies for sustainable agriculture practices.
Construção e validação de vídeo educativo para prevenção de lesão por pressão
Authors: Xavier Débora , Feitosa Yterfania Soares , Blanes Leila , Barros Bruno Vinícius de Menezes , Alencar Luciano Moreira , Oliveira Tayenne Maranhão de
Published: January 2025

Objetiva-se construir, validar e avaliar vídeo educativo para prevenção de lesão por pressão. Trata-se de um estudo metodológico baseado na construção e validação de tecnologias, composto por três fases: 1. revisão integrativa da literatura, 2. Construção e validação do roteiro do vídeo por juízes-especialistas e 3. avalidação do vídeo pelos familiares, cuidadores e acompanhantes de pacientes hospitalizados. A composição final da amostra envolveu a participação de nove juízes especialistas, responsáveis pela validação do roteiro e 27 familiares, cuidadores e acompanhantes que compuseram o público-alvo, participando ativamente na avalidação do vídeo. Para a análise dos resultados, utilizou-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC), por meio do Item-Level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) e o teste binomial. A validação dos juízes especialistas representou o I-CVI igual 1 na maioria dos itens avaliados, os que receberam pontuação menor que 0,8 foram modificados de acordo com as sugestões, sendo considerado um recurso válido em termos de conteúdo e apresentação, apropriado para construção de um recurso audiovisual. A avaliação do vídeo pelo público-alvo foi considerado válido com nível de concordância de 0,99. Dessa forma, o instrumento destaca-se como uma ferramenta capaz de promover orientações em saúde a cerca da práticas de prevenção de lesão por pressão.
Manufacturing the Entheogenic Underground
Authors: Stoddard Brad
Published: January 2025

Ethnographic research suggests that people across the United States are increasingly gathering to commune with their creators, to interact with their ancestors, to enter the spirit world, to gain supernatural insights, and to engage in what they otherwise describe as religious or spiritual experiences. In this regard, their actions are not particularly revolutionary or novel. What distinguishes these people is not their desire to have religious or spiritual experiences. Instead, it is the means they employ to occasion these experiences that set them apart, as their rituals and ceremonies involve the consumption of illegal drugs, specifically psychedelics and cannabis, substances they frequently term entheogens. The United States government has granted select groups an exemption from drug prohibition, thereby allowing them to legally consume what are otherwise illegal substances. The vast majority of these practitioners, however, operate without this exemption, thereby confining them to what scholars often term the underground, or the sociocultural, political, or economic spaces thought to operate outside the influence or purview of the state.4 This alleged “absence” of the government is the topic of this paper, which argues that the state is both the primary curator of the so-called underground and that the state’s influence pervades these “underground” communities. To demonstrate this, this essay will discuss the legal structures and case law impacting entheogenic churches in the United States, paying particular attention to the attorneys who advise these churches.
Green Industrialization and Economic Growth: Assessing Pakistan’s Path to Sustainable Development
Authors: Abu Hayan  , Muhammad Arif Khan  , Farman Ullah
Published: January 2025

This research paper aims to analyze the impact of green industrialization on economic growth of Pakistan with especial reference to the challenges faced in green industrial sectors. By conducting an extensive analysis of relevant literature and cross-national case studies, we identify literature challenges to green programs and provide appropriate mitigation measures suitable for Pakistan economic environment. We assess the correlation between green policies, renewable energy production, and GDP growth using a comprehensive econometric model. Our findings demonstrate that the efficient use of green technology not only improves environmental sustainability but also promotes economic resilience. This study enhances the discussion on sustainability in emerging economies and offers practical insights for policymakers seeking to facilitate the transition to a greener economy.
Community Preparedness and Response to Life-Threatening Emergencies: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Shahid Ullah  , Shahnaz Zaman  , Muhammad Idris  , Ashir Talib  , Muhammad Qasim  , Tufail Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Life-threatening emergencies (LTEs), including cardiac arrest, drowning, and electric shock incidents, need immediate and effective first aid response. Community-based training programs are essential in preparing individuals with the knowledge and skills to manage such emergencies, thus reducing prehospital morbidity and mortality. To assess the effectiveness of basic life support (BLS) training on the community’s knowledge and practical skills in responding to LTEs in a rural setting in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design was conducted from September to December in Karachi, Pakistan. Thirty male participants aged 18 and above were conveniently sampled and equally divided into an intervention group of 15 and a control group of 15. The intervention group received a two-hour for one-week BLS training program consisting of interactive lectures, practical demonstrations, and role-playing exercises. The knowledge and practical skills pre- and post-intervention were assessed using an adopted questionnaire and an observational checklist. Data analysis was carried out in SPSS version 26. Baseline Both groups were found to have no significant difference in knowledge, p = 0.51 and practical skills, p = 0.62. The intervention group, following training, was found to be significantly improved as compared to the control group regarding knowledge, 9.2 ± 0.8 vs. 4.8 ± 1.3, p < 0.001, and practical skills, median score: 8, IQR: 7–9 vs. 2, IQR: 1–3, p < 0.001. Community-based BLS training significantly boosts knowledge and the practical skills with which to effectively manage LTEs. This article highlights the potential of such interventions in community preparation strategies to build better emergency responses and outcomes.
Role of Social Support Networks in Maintaining Mental Health & Well-being in Older Age: A Qualitative Review
Authors: Khizar Hayat  , Najma Bano Maqsood  , Dr. Ayesha Chaudhary  , Dr. Babak Mahmood
Published: January 2025

Social support networks play a vital role in sustaining mental health & well-being and are gradually recognized as crucial especially in old age when people often experience unique challenges such as social isolation, decline of physical health & psychological stress. The purpose of this qualitative review is to explore the dynamics and effects of social support on older adults’ mental health by synthesizing findings from previous studies and inspecting the types of social support like emotional, instrumental, informational and companionship to mitigate the risks of depression, anxiety and cognitive decline. It also highlights the impact of various sources of social support such as the family, friends, community groups and the digital platforms. The factors like geographical distance, generational gaps and the stigma around help-seeking are also addressed which put hindrance. Findings of the study emphasize the importance sustainable support networks to increase resilience, reduce loneliness and promote overall health and well-being in older people. Some valuable recommendations for future research like exploring the role of technology-mediated supports and developing interventions tailored to specific demographic needs are also discussed.
Title: Optimizing Recruitment Practices for the Quality Assurance Department of Daewoo Bus Service
Authors: Madiha
Published: January 2025

Transportation sector taking a central place inside the national economic growth cannot be overemphasized. The transportation sector of Pakistan is sophisticated and diverse, but still its development is kind of at its premature stage. Several people ride daily on public and private transport to come to their final destination either within the city or outside city's border. Use of roads by people has been largest in Pakistan among many transport modes. Subsequently when it comes to buses, the current ones make no claim to be in a good condition and are not air- conditioned. The individuals are suffering as a result of bad busses, conductors and passengers who show hatred that end up frustrating the directions even more by overloading and delaying the buses and non-availability of transport. The country of Pakistan has over170million inhabitants, but the state of transportation in general is not a good one. Nevertheless, one cannot say that the situation is much better compared to last year, i.e. before the crisis came. The Daewoo bus still remain the only travel option specially during the times of economic crisis when other transportation modes such as airplanes and trains are expensive beyond people's budget. Even though Daehost service enjoys monopolistic conditions in the market, the given theoretical concept ‘Marketing Mix’ and its implementation are crucial. According to the findings provided, the marketers should take on all the marketing mix concepts issue fully and practice reliably in order to add value to the service, which in turn increases the company's market share.
The Impact of 2018 Election on Economic Decision-Making: A Case Study of District Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Azra Amir  , Dr. Yasir Arafat  , Samia Manan
Published: January 2025

This study analyzes the socio-economic effects triggered by the general elections held in 2018 on the people of Chitral District, Pakistan. It employs a mixed-methods strategy that integrates the quantitative analysis of questionnaires obtained from 300 participants and qualitative commentary derived from focus group discussions. The study addresses shift that occurred in the patterns of consumption, labor market and investments, and perception of economic opportunities after the elections. Political changes have outspread consequences for economic behavior. There was an increase in the households spending in education, healthcare, and transportation, owing to the great hopes the people had of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) Government. Such changes also encouraged women into work to increase economic empowerment and then election also boosted the labor force participation. Nonetheless, the political, social, and economic challenges impacting infrastructure and access to markets continue to impede the progress in economic growth of the area. Political stability strengthens the economic welfare of the communities, societies, and regions. This study among others demonstrates that economic interventions in marginalized regions with good political policies discern positive economic growth. Portions of such policies would include effective policy formulation and successful implementation. Actions include finalizing infrastructure projects, implementing specific employment schemes, enhancing outreach to financial service providers and improving systems for policy monitoring. These measures aim for sustainable development and translate political pledges into real benefits for the people of District Chitral. It also adds to the body of existing knowledge on political and economic process relationships and how such may influence policy advising and development practice within specific contexts, because the region that was targeted by this study enjoys peculiar economic and geographic conditions.
Numerical Analysis of the Magnetic Moment in S/F/S-Josephson Junction
Authors: Dieva Elis
Published: January 2025

One particularly intriguing object in superconductivity is the Josephson junction, which is an integral part of quantum computer hardware. Analysing this object requires solving differential equations. Such problems often cannot be solved with analytical methods; therefore, numerical methods and computational mathematics must be utilized. This article explores a fundamental model of the Josephson junction. The model presents the spatial coordinates of the magnetic moment as unknown functions dependent on time in a system of three ordinary differential equations with initial conditions. Comparative analysis of various methods is conducted for different sets of parameters. Optimal numerical methods for these particular instances of the problem are found. Visual results are also presented.
Comparison of Trans-Viginal Tape (TVT) and Trans-Obturator (TOT) Tape Methods for Management of Stress Urinary Incontinence among Women with Post-Menopausal Condition
Authors: Anwar Hina , Haider Syeda Memoona , Umer Mahad , Makhdoom Sabahat , Ather Maria , Habib Roghani Mahnoor
Published: January 2025

Objective To compare the frequency of success of TVT versus TOT for SUI in postmenopausal women.
Methodology: A randomized control trial study was conducted at department of Urology, Sharif Institute of Urology and Renal Transplant, Lahore from 11-07-2019 to 10-01-2020. Females of postmenopausal age presenting with stress urinary were included in the study however, the patients with bleeding diathesis, untreated urinary tract infection. Diabetes and chronic kidney diseases were excluded from study. Patients were divided into two groups (A &B) after taken an informed consent. In group A, patients underwent TVT and in group B, patients underwent TOT. After 3 months, patients were evaluated for symptoms of stress urinary incontinence and stress test. Both groups were compared by using chi-square test for desired outcome with p value ≤ 0.05 as significant.
Results: Mean durations of menopause were 10.94±3.91 and 6.75±1.05 years and mean duration of symptoms were 6.42±2.94 and 7.39±1.82 years in groups A and B, respectively. Majority of patients were married i.e. 66.0% and 74.0% and sexually inactive i.e. 88.0% and 94.0%, in groups A and B, respectively. Successful treatment was observed in 70.0% patients after TVT procedure and 94.0% patients after TOT procedure (p-value= 0.002).
Conclusion: Higher success rates were observed in postmenopausal women of < 50 and > 70 years of age, underweight and normal weight women, unmarried, sexually inactive, women with less than 5 years of Duration of menopause and less than 5 years of duration of symptoms of urinary stress incontinence. Objective: To determine the impact of midlife on professional life by exploring the workplace challenges faced by women
EXPLORING THE PREDICTIVE POTENTIAL OF EDUCATIONAL DATA MINING: A STUDY ON UNIVERSITY STUDENTS' ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
Authors: Faizan Sattar  , Assad latif  , Saima Ali Batool  , Ahmad Murad  , Meiraj Aslam  , Abdul Manan Razzaq
Published: January 2025

Predicting student’s performance become more tough due to a huge volume of data in educational database. Even though data mining has been efficiently implemented in the business world. Use of data mining is relatively new in higher education, i.e., it used for recognition and extraction of potentially and advanced precious knowledge from huge amount of data using the concept of data mining. Model should be developed which can determine the conclusion from student’s academic success. In this study,the concept of educational data mining have been used. It is a computational process of discovering patterns in a large dataset and transform it into understandable structure for further use. Student data collected from different institutes. The scope of this research is to identify the factors influencing the performance of students in universities. To predict the performance of university student, for clustering purposes K mean algorithm and two algorithms of classification Decision tree (J48) and Naive Bays have been used,also compare the results of Decision tree J48 and Naive Bay’s algorithms which gives the better results according to their accuracy . For this purpose, weka tool was used to implement the algorithms. This study helps the educational institutions to identify such factors which affect the student performance and to eliminate these causes to enhance their performance.
SYNTHETIC CONTRACEPTIVES AND THEIR IMPACT ON ENDOMETRIAL THICKNESS AND MENSTRUAL CYCLE REGULATION IN REPRODUCTIVE-AGE WOMEN
Authors: Saqib Zaheer  , Rizwan Ahmed  , Poshmal Zahid  , Shingraf waseem  , Sundus Khalid
Published: January 2025

The trial investigated the influence of various synthetic contraceptives on endometrial thickness and menstrual cycle regulation in reproductive-age women using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. A total of 150 participants were evaluated for changes in menstrual cycle patterns, endometrial thickness, serum hormone levels, and endometrial histology. Combined oral contraceptives (C1) reduced cycle length from 28 ± 3 to 26 ± 2 days, resulting in lighter flow and improved regularity, while similar trends were observed with progestin-only pills (C2) and injectable contraceptives (C3). Significant reductions in endometrial thickness were noted across all groups, accompanied by marked decreases in serum estrogen and progesterone levels, particularly in the C2 and C3 groups. Histological analysis revealed reduced hyperplasia and increased endometrial atrophy, most prominently in the C3 group. Overall, hormonal contraceptives, particularly C1 and C3, effectively shortened cycle duration, regulated flow, and reduced endometrial thickness and hormone levels, with the most pronounced effects observed in the C3 group. These findings suggest that synthetic contraceptives are valuable options for managing menstrual irregularities and reducing endometrial abnormalities, emphasizing the need for personalized treatment based on individual hormonal profiles and clinical needs.
USE OF AI TO SECURE NETWORK
Authors: Obaid Muhammad Obaid Ullah , Muhammad Azam  , Zeeshan Ahmad  , Shumaila Iqbal
Published: January 2025

In today's world, protecting our digital systems and data from cyber threats is a big concern. These threats are getting more advanced, with attackers using artificial intelligence (AI) to make their attacks even more effective. This means that we need to keep improving our defenses to stay safe. One of the main problems is that more and more devices are connected to the internet, like machines in factories. These connections create new opportunities for cyber attackers. This research looks at different types of cyber attacks and how we defend against them, especially in industries. We're also exploring how AI can help us with this, but there are pros and cons to using AI in security. While AI can be a powerful tool for enhancing our security, it's not a silver bullet. It needs constant training and human oversight because it has its limitations. Many companies are using AI for security, but it's important to make sure it's in the hands of ethical and knowledgeable people. AI is playing a growing role in monitoring and dealing with cyber risks. It can help detect and prevent different types of cyber threats, like viruses and phishing attacks. Although AI has its challenges, its advantages are greater. All in all, AI is changing the way we approach cyber security and helping us stay safe in our increasingly digital world.
CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS OF CONTINUOUS INTEGRATION AND DEPLOYMENT IN THE DEVOPS CONTEXT: A MULTIVOCAL LITERATURE REVIEW PROTOCOL
Authors: Muhammad Ilyas  , Noor Ul Islam  , Sahab Ahmad Khan  , Fazli Rabi  , Nasir Rashid
Published: January 2025

CONTEXT- DevOps is a term used to describe the way in which an organization can promote cooperation between the development and operations teams. Its goal is to increase the effectiveness in delivering the products, based on the principles used by the organization. It has to do with trying to achieve cohesive goals, utilizing compatible tools and practices among these teams despite the inclination towards divergence. Joint effort is an important fundamental in the achievement of common goals. Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) is a concept of DevOps where the building, testing and deploying of codes is automated.
OBJECTIVES- This research study is intended to explore the CI/CD pipeline challenges/obstacles and solutions/practices in the DevOps context.
METHODOLOGY- We have developed a Multivocal Literature Review (MLR) protocol, and are in the process of implementing the protocol. MLR is based on a structured protocol, and is therefore, different from ordinary literature review. It incorporates both published and gray literature and provides in-depth and more thorough results than ordinary literature review.
EXPECTED OUTCOMES- The findings are expected to assist software vendors to manage the issues involving CI/CD in DevOps projects satisfactorily.
IOT SECURITY ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Zeeshan Ahmad  , Shumaila Iqbal  , Muhammad Obaid Ullah  , Warda Naeem  , Muhammad Azam
Published: January 2025

Internet of Things has become popular for its function in connecting both real and digital items for the purpose of sharing data. IoT is a rapidly expanding worldwide a current online information trend structures that facilitates the transfer of services and commodities across a network without the need for interaction between humans or computers. It can change actual world collaborations between consumers and organizations. The utilization of IoT might be seen in many domains, including medical care, management of resources, education, data processing, among other things. The actual acknowledgment of IoT is confronted with a slew of safety and data protection that must be addressed in order for IoT to be economically viable on a big scale. This paper examines the safety concerns associated with IoT networks by examining existing observational studies to gain a knowledge of the safety requirements of IoT organizations. The Internet of Things necessitates multi-layered safety measures such as categorization, dependability, and verification administrations. In this article, we discuss various security difficulties, dangers, and protections in the tier of IoT frameworks. The IoT framework design is realized to have physical/sensor, core network, and application layer are the three layers. In order to be thorough and function with comparable methodologies, the security challenges of each layer have been investigated individually, as have the proposed arrangements. Furthermore, the limitations of the IoT, notably vast amounts of knowledge, and the assessment procedures of the IoT the structure and its implications for safety responsibilities have been assessed. The review's findings uncovered that security gambles with one of the most serious and always-increasing difficulties for IoT, and it is critical to address them if this stage is to move considerably.
ON NEARLY S-PERMUTABLE AND NEARLY HALL S-EMBEDDED SUBGROUPS: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUPERSOLVABILITY AND -NILPOTENCY IN GROUPS
Authors: Abid Mahboob  , Muhammad Waheed Rasheed  , Jahangeer Karamat  , Warda Noman  , Noor Ahmad  , Muhammad Faisal
Published: January 2025

A subgroup T of G is said to be nearly S-permutable if  , for some prime . Also, for every  containing T the normalizer  contain some Sylow p-subgroups of H. Furthermore, T is called nearly Hall S-embedded if for some normal subgroup  s.t TN ( ) is a Hall and , where  is the largest nearly S-embedded of G contained in T and T is nearly S-permutable provided supplement  such that T permutes with every Sylow  of B. Now we will show supersolvability and p-nil potency of some groups.
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF BMP-4 GENE IN BADDI GOAT BREED OF DISTRICT KHAIRPUR MIR'S SINDH PAKISTAN
Authors: Shaista Ghumro  , Javed Ahmed Ujan  , Shahid Ali Jakhrani
Published: January 2025

Bone morphogentic protein 4 is a protein that found in goat, cattle, and human are encoded by BMP4 gene. the candidate gene is found on chromosome 10q in goats. BMP4 gene is the subfamily of the superfamily named as transforming growth factor beta. it is an evolutionary conserved member of BMPs family. BMP4 is a protein  coding gene that concern with connective and soft tissues of the body structure . it play main role in goats, cattle, human and other animal's bodies for maintaining the body activities such as  cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and migration. Present study was aimed to investigate the mutational variations found with same area of indigenous goat breed. The Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of Baddi goat breed. The samples were transported and stored at 4 degree for further processing of DNA extraction. The targeted region of BMP4 gene that was amplified by the specific set of primers. The amplified products were sequenced by the ABI Genetic Anayzer 3500 and sequencing data was analyzed by Bio Edit v 7.2 and blasting was performed on ensemble.org. Result revealed that about 4 missense mutations found the breed with help of PCR, gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing. The missense mutation was identified by the replacement of genetic codon from original codon such as first missense mutation found in replacement of Serine by Threonine at 157Bp, second and third from Glycine to isolecucine at 159 Bp and 173 Bp respectively. while fourth mutational variation occured from Arginine to Serine at 177 Bp. However, the percentage of mutation in Baddi breed was greater than 1% it means there was polymorphism has been found with replacement of original amino acids with variate amino acids that play a significant role in improvement of goat characteristic such as body, muscles, milk and meat quantities. Obtained result revealed a great heterogeneity in genetic makeup of Baddi breed and hence could be used in genetic marker which assisted the selection of Baddi breed than other breeds.
SECURITY THREATS AND COUNTERMEASURES IN CLOUD
Authors: Iqbal Shumaila , Zeeshan Ahmad  , Warda Naeem  , Muhammad Obaid Ullah  , Dr. Muhammad Azam
Published: January 2025

Cloud computing refers to the continuous availability of computer infrastructure technology, enabling the handling and storage of information without direct client management. People are given the ability to access private as well as public information preservation on a single digital infrastructure via the use of the Internet. However, this convenience comes with certain security issues and risks, which have led to the widespread adoption of cloud-dependent computing models. This research delves into various security problems, challenges, methods, and perspectives in one comprehensive article. In addition, a number of upcoming technologies, are dependent on services related to cloud computing to process and store their data. As a consequence of this, a variety of enterprises are expanding their utilization of these technologies, which in turn exacerbates the weaknesses and security challenges inherent to the cloud model. The term "cloud computing" refers to an approach that incorporates all of its constituent parts, such as end users, connections, access management systems, and infrastructures. If security teams do not have a comprehensive grasp of the architecture of the cloud, they might run into problems such as the sluggish identification of security threats, the resulting duplication of data, and a loss of control over accessing the information and protection in order to maintain regulatory compliance. The article begins by briefly introducing the architecture of cloud computing, highlighting its key features, service models, deployment methods, and cloud server virtualization. This paper's primary findings include the growing popularity of cloud computing, security challenges in cloud computing, the importance of investigating security challenges, categorizing security challenges, and proposing developing solutions. Through an extensive review, it analyzes and summarizes scholarly efforts to address these security concerns, followed by information on cloud computing safety concerns and frameworks. Understanding security challenges, addressing data migration challenges, improving security measures, offering a systematic approach, enabling risk detection and prevention, and facilitating the development of preventive methods are the primary significance of this work. The text then categorizes various cloud attacks and privacy issues, before outlining the literature's efforts to provide mitigation and protection mechanisms for security assessment. Finally, it examines unresolved cloud security challenges and proposes potential solutions.
FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY'S IMPACT ON THE NON-PERFORMING LOANS HELD BY COMMERCIAL BANKS IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Ahmad Zeb (Corresponding author)  , Anam Ashraf  , Sara Israr  , Dasrat Rai Meghwar
Published: January 2025

The aim of this research is to examine how financial technology affects a commercial bank's nonperforming loan ratio. Data for this research was gathered from 15 Pakistani commercial banks using the purpose sampling approach. An index is used to assess banks' financial technology. The two control variables are GDP growth and inflation. The outcome demonstrates that the percentage of non-performing loans at banks is significantly improved by financial technology activities. As financial technology advances, Pakistan's commercial banks' nonperforming loan ratio rises. Since financial technology is enhancing banking performance, the State Bank of Pakistan need to establish rules for the adoption of financial technology by all banks and give a certain amount of investment. This study helps new academics understand the significance of financial technology in the banking industry. This research adds to the body of knowledge on financial technology in relation to commercial banks.
MULTI-DISEASE PREDICTION USING MACHINE LEARNING AND DEEP LEARNING MODELS
Authors: Din Fakhrud , Haq Anwar Ul , Yaseen Muhammad , Khan Abdullah , Ali Asad
Published: January 2025

In today's world, a large section of the human population suffers from treatable diseases such as heart problems, diabetes, skin cancer, stroke, liver disease, Parkinson's, malaria, and brain tumors. But due to lack of accessible and affordable healthcare the conditions may not be accurately or timely diagnosed that may lead to severe consequences, including disability or even death. Accuracy, affordability, timeliness and accessibility are critical factors that impact diagnosis quality. To improve diagnosis accuracy, affordability, accessibility and eliminate biases, machine learning and deep learning-based algorithms are gaining attraction in revolutionizing the healthcare industry. The objective of this study is to create a flexible and comprehensive medical diagnostic framework based on machine learning and deep learning models that can predict many diseases based on a patient's health records. The main objective of this study is to prevent problems caused by misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis. By analyzing multiple diseases using a single platform, the cost of patient treatment can be reduced significantly, making it more accessible for people in underprivileged regions. By increasing the accuracy and speed of disease prediction, the proposed machine learning and deep learning-based diagnosis system has the potential to save lives. Experimental results showed that RandomForest has outperformed competing models on numerical datasets while on image datasets, VGG16 generated best accuracy than ResNet50.
A THEMATIC AND ARTISTIC ANALYSIS OF M. SALEEM U REHMAN’S POEM “HOSPITAL”
Authors: Neel Zahra  , Maryam Batool
Published: January 2025

In the literary genres of Urdu poetry, ghazal and poem (nazm) are included. The ghazal is characterized by thematic diversity, while the poem is primarily distinguished by structural diversity. Although the ghazal has embraced new themes, no significant change in its structure is possible. In contrast, the poem shows innovation not only in its themes but also in its structure. In modern Urdu poetry, “azad nazm”  (free verse) holds special importance. Due to the freedom of structure in free verse, it exhibits both intellectual diversity and stylistic innovations. Saleem U Rehman is a prominent name in modern free verse. The following paper presents a thematic and artistic analysis of his poem “Hospital.”
PARALLEL PERFORMANCE OF THE EXPLICIT FDTD METHODS APPLIED ON 3D ACOUSTIC WAVE EQUATION
Authors: Nabi Bux Kalhoro  , Shakeel Ahmed Kamboh  , Dr Afaque Ahmed Bhutto  , Saeed Ahmed Rajput  , Mansoor Ali Khaskheli  , Jan Muhammad Shah
Published: January 2025

The 3D acoustic wave equation is a second-order linear hyperbolic partial differential equation. It is widely studied in acoustics, fluid dynamics, electromagnetism, and seismology within both science and engineering fields. Among the various numerical methods, the finite difference method is considered to be the simpler to understand and easy to implement. Based on the discretize schemes finite difference time domain method described by the explicit scheme in which spatial second order derivatives are evaluated at the previous time step. The solution of 3D acoustic wave equation may be required on the high-resolution mesh points consequently more computational resources are required. In this study parallel algorithm for the numerical solution of 3D acoustic wave equation is proposed and designed by using data parallel approach and message passing schemes. The algorithm is implemented on shared memory parallel system using MATLAB parallel computing mode. The parallel performance of the designed algorithm is analyzed on different mesh sizes and time steps. It is revealed that the proposed algorithm may reduce computational time up to 3 times as compared to sequential solution algorithm. The proposed parallel algorithm remains more efficient on  workers while for  the efficiency of the algorithm drops because of the high communication time.  The results of the proposed research could be utilized in the large-scale simulations of 3D acoustic wave equations and may enable to simulate the acoustic wave pressure at more refined meshes on high performance computing systems.