bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Micromycetes of indoor environment are the source of allergens
Authors: Kazantseva G B , Antropova A B , Mokeeva V L , Chekunova L N , Bilanenko E N , Cher nyak B A , Zheltikova T M , Kazantseva G V , Antropova A B , Mokeeva V L , Chekunova L N , Bilanenko E N , Chemyak B A , Zheltikova T M
Published: July 2021

Background. Sensitization to mould reaches 64% in frequency in some regions of the Earth. Data on indoor mycobiota influence on sensitization of patients with genetic predisposition to atopy are fragmentary and conflicting. The aim of this work is to establish a relationship between patient indoor exposure to mould and sensitization to mould allergens in Irkutsk.
Methods. A total of 63 patients with persistent allergic rhinitis (AR), were examined in Irkutsk during 2006-2007. 43 patients had AR and atopic bronchial asthma (BA). Allergological examination included skin pricktests with standard allergen panel and nasal provocation tests. 69 Irkutsk" dwellings of allergic patients sensitive to moulds and non-allergic people were examined. House dust from these 69 dwellings were analyzed for fungi. Results. 76 fungal species from 20 genera were isolated from house dust of Irkutsk. Micromycetes concentration varied from 103 to l06 GFU/g of dust. The most frequent genera were Venicillium (92,8%), Aspergillus (85,5%), Cladosporium (40,6%) and Alternaria (40,6%). Prevalence of positive skin prick-tests and nasal provocation tests was as follows: Cladosporium - 65 and 60%, Venicillium - 60 and 58%, Aspergillus - 39% and 32%, Alternaria - 21 and 9% respectively. Principal-factor analysis revealed a relation between fungal concentration in patients' indoor environment and their sensitization to mould allergens. However a correlation between micromycetes concentration and sensitization to mould is expressed to a variable extent in every particular case. Conclusion. Cladosporium and Venicillium are the most common mould allergens for patients with BA and/or AR in Irkutsk. There is a relation between fungal concentration and sensitization of patients to mould allergens.
The effectiveness of allergic rhinitis detection using standard international protocol ISAAC inthe Rostov region
Authors: Marugin I V , Chepurnaya M M , Volkov A G , Marugin I V , Tchpumaya M M , Volkov A G
Published: July 2021

Background. The detection of prevalence of allergic rhinitis among children living in big industrial cities and
rural areas of the Rostov region.
Methods. In accordance with ISAAC program the two-stage epidemiological research included screening
questionnaire of 7254 pupils, on the second stage a functional and allergy examination of the group on the
examination of 963 pupils, who gave positive answer to any of the questions in the questionnaire, has been
carried out.
Results. In Rostov-on-Don and in the towns of the Rostov region pupils of primary school age suffer from allergic
rhinitis significantly more often than those in the rural districts (p
Hyper-IgE syndrome. The history of disease (from Job's syndrome to defect STAT3 gene)
Authors: Yartsev Mikhail Nikolaevich , Plakhtienko M V , Yartsev M N , Plahtienko M V
Published: July 2021

The lecture is devoted to hyper-IgE recurrent infections syndrome and is based both upon the literature survey and numerous personal observations for more than 25 years. Initial description of this disease by Davis et al (1966) under the name «Job's syndrome: recurrent «cold» staphylococcal abscesses» was followed by remarkable rinding of Buckley et al (1972) connecting this disease with extreme hyper-immunoglobulinemia E. Later on the two district forms of the disease were described: an autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive. Recently (2007) the nature of the most typical autosomal dominant form of the syndrome was discovered as mutations in STAT3. The discovery explains multiple disorders seen in this multisystem syndrome.
WAO POSITION PAPER. RECONCILED DOCUMENT INCORPORATING MEMBERSOCIETY COMMENTS (Part 2). Requirement for Physician Competencies in Allergy
Authors: - -
Published: July 2021

The article presents a normative document, reflecting a World Allergy Organization position of regulating the basic positions WAO, allowing to standardize the educational process of allergists of the different countries with the purpose of optimization of the medical aid to the people with allergic diseases.
Xyzal in the treatment of urticaria
Authors: Tuzlukova E B , Tuzlukova E B
Published: July 2021

The role of various mediators in development of symptoms of urticaria is shown. According to «The National conciliatory document on urticaria and angioedema» principles of diagnostics and treatment are described. It is noted, that unique pathogenetically proved group of the drugs recommended for treatment by patients with urticaria and angioedema, antagonists Н1-receptors are. Data of clinical researches of Xyzal (Levocetirisine) in which are shown it farmacokinetic characteristics, high efficiency and safety are analysed.
WAO POSITION PAPER. RECONCILED DOCUMENT INCORPORATING MEMBER SOCIETY COMMENTS. What is an Allergist?
Authors: - -
Published: July 2021

The article presents a normative document, reflecting a World Allergy Organization position of regulating necessary knowledge and skills of the doctors treating the patients, suffering from allergic diseases (a primary care, adjacent specialties, narrow experts).
Vaccination of patients with primary immunodeficiencies: a modern view on the problem
Authors: Latysheva T V , Latysheva E A , Manto I A , Kostinova A M
Published: July 2021

Vaccination in patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PID) remains a subject of serious discussion. 20 years ago it was thought that vaccination could cause unacceptable harm to patients’ with PID, so immunization with any vaccine was strictly prohibited. Later this position was softened, when it had turned out that the risk of adverse events developing for most of the vaccines patients with PID is not higher than of the rest population. Nevertheless, it was supposed that immunization of these patients was useless because of patients’ inability to form a post-vaccination immunity. Only for the last 10 years due to new researches and accumulated experience an attitude towards vaccination in patients with PID has been radically changed. Nowadays there is only a small range of vaccines is strictly prohibited to use, while immunization against some infections is strongly recommended by the world community.
ARIA 2016: Integrated care pathways for predictive medicine across the life cycle
Authors: Khaitov M R , Namazova-Baranova L S , Chuchalin A G , Dayhes N A , Ilina N I , Kurbacheva O M , Agache I , Bachert C , Bedbrook A , Canonica G W , Casale T , Cruz A A , Fokkens W J , Hellings P W , Samolinski B , Bousquet J
Published: July 2021

The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative commenced during a World Health Organization (WHO) workshop in 1999. The initial goals were to propose a new allergic rhinitis classification, to promote the concept of multi-morbidity in asthma and rhinitis and to develop guidelines with all stakeholders for global use in all countries and populations. ARIA - disseminated and implemented in over 70 countries globally - is now focusing on the implementation of emerging technologies for individualized and predictive medicine. MASK [MACVIA (Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un Vieillissement Actif) - ARIA Sentinel NetworK] uses mobile technology to develop care pathways in order to enable the management of rhinitis and asthma by a multi-disciplinary group or by patients themselves. An App (Android and iOS) is available in 20 countries and 15 languages. It uses a visual analogue scale to assess symptom control and work productivity as well as a clinical decision support system. It is associated with an inter-operable tablet for physicians and other health care professionals. The scaling up strategy uses the recommendations of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing. The aim of the novel ARIA approach is to provide an active and healthy life to rhinitis sufferers, whatever their age, sex or socio-economic status, in order to reduce health and social inequalities incurred by the disease.
Principles of selecting therapy for patients with mild asthma. RAACI and RRO agreed recommendations
Authors: Avdeev S N , Aysanov Z R , Arkhipov V V , Belevskiy A S , Viesel A A , Demko I V , Emelyanov A V , Ilina N I , Kurbacheva O M , Leshchenko I V , Nenasheva N M , Ovcharenko S I , Fassahov R S
Published: July 2021

The recommendations represent the rating scheme of the assessment and selection of therapy for patients with mild asthma. The variety of therapeutic options for the treatment of easy asthma can provide the achievement of the disease control, or if it is impossible to create a good continuity with the next steps of therapy. Fixed IGX/ KDBA and IGX/DBA combinations increase the compliance and effectiveness of therapy. The creation of therapy algorithms of mild asthma will be an important step to optimize medical care and to attract the attention of doctors to the problem of easy asthma. The goal of recommendations. To provide clinicians with based on the results of controlled clinical trials algorithms for mild asthma treatment.
Prospects for studying of FOXP3 and its isoforms expression in allergic diseases
Authors: Smirnov D S , Kurbacheva O M , Polner S A , Pavlova K S
Published: July 2021

In this review we describe FOXP3 (a specific marker of regulatory T-cells), nature of FOXP3 isoforms (with or without exon 2) expression and cooperation with other transcription factors under various immunopathological conditions and discuss the prospects for studying of FOXP3 isoforms expression in CD4+ T-cells in allergic diseases.
Crossreactive allergen-specific IgE in children with birch pollen allergic rhinitis
Authors: Samoylikov P V , Mazurina S A , Gushchin P I , Gervazieva V B
Published: July 2021

Objective. The aim of this study was to research a sIgE allergen profile of birch pollen and to evaluate a contribution of some homologous food allergens as well as latex allergen to the development of sensibility in allergic rhinitis (AR) / rhinoconjunctivitis patients, in focus of cross-reactivity and oral allergy syndrome.. Methods. Blood sera of 21 AR/rhinoconjunctivitis patients (at the age of 3 to 16) and 20 healthy persons without allergy symptoms were used. sIgE to birch pollen, soybean, latex, apple and celery as well as the total IgE levels were measured by the ImmunoCAP method (Phadia, Sweden) and the ELISA kits (Alkorbio, Russia). Results. We detected high total IgE levels, sIgE to allergens of birch pollen, apple, celery, as well as to recombinant allergens of birch Bet v 1, Bet v 2 and soybean - Gly m 4 in AR patients. Correlation analysis of IgE humoral response to homologous proteins showed the direct valid dependence between the sIgE levels to birch isoallergen Bet v 1 and soy isoallergen Gly m 4 (r=0,84; p
Gomeopatiya i allergiya. Professional'nye debaty v zerkale dokazatel'noy meditsiny
Authors: Astafieva N G , Kobzev D Y
Published: July 2021

At the present time there is no credible scientific evidence on the effectiveness of homeopathy in asthma, allergies and other diseases. In the available publications, Cochrane reviews, meta-analyzes of homeopathy effect comparable to placebo. From a scientific point of view, we did not receive an explanation mechanism of action of homeopathic dilutions of drugs, laid down in the concept of potentiation. In the light of the best available data to date there is no reason to include homeopathy in clinical guidelines for the treatment of patients with various diseases. To change the view of the value of homeopathic medicines need modern analytical methods, revealing the structure of the proposed pills and other medicines, and to study the true therapeutic homeopathy capabilities required to conduct comparative studies, clinical trials, appropriate medical science and made according to strict rules, adopted by the international medical community.
A case report of combination of asthma and allergic rhinitis caused by local household sensitization with a brief analysis of literature
Authors: Prylutskyi A S , Prylutskaya I A , Rohova Yu D , Lesnichenko D A
Published: July 2021

Currently diagnosis of allergic diseases is based largely on results of skin tests and laboratory methods of quantification of total and specific immunoglobulins E in serum in addition to clinical and instrumental data. However, in recent years it has been showed that systemic atopy is not always registered with these methods and specific immunoglobulins E may not have diagnostic concentrations in serum that makes it difficult to diagnose allergic diseases. The article presents a clinical case of combination of asthma and allergic rhinitis caused by local IgE production with normal level of serum I-4, reduced levels of IgG1, IgG2 and serum and secretory IgA in child aged 3 years.
Efficacy and safety of bilastine in allergic diseases therapy
Authors: Fedenko E S , Erina O A , Elisyutina O G
Published: July 2021

This review is devoted to analyses of data on efficacy and safety of bilastine in allergic diseases therapy.
Solar urticaria
Authors: Belan E B
Published: July 2021

Solar urticaria is defined as relatively rare photodermatosis induced by visible or ultraviolet (A) light. The diagnosis of the disease is based on the anamnesis and phototesting data. Management of the solar urticaria includes dark clothes, sunscreens, non-sedative antihistamines. Alternative interventions may be considered if high doses of non-sedative antihistamines are ineffective.
MONOMERIC ALLERGOID FROM HOUSE DUST MITE DERMATOPHAGOIDES PTERONYSSINUS: IMMUNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Babakhin A A , Laskin A A , Smirnov V V , Andreev S M , Babievsky K K , Gushchin I S , Khaitov M R
Published: July 2021

Background. The purpose of this study was to characterize the immunologic properties of the monomeric allergoid obtained from house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D. pteronyssinus) extract. Methods. To obtain monomeric allergoid the extract from D. pteronyssinus (D1) was chemically modified by succinilation and then the degree of modification and total protein content were determined. Analysis of proteins in native D1 or modified sD1 was performed by SDS-PAGE. Determination of the major allergen Der p 1 in the native extract D1 was done by mass-spectrometry method. For measurement of tertiary structure alterations of protein molecules in D1 or recombinant Der p 1 (rDer p 1) after their modification by succinilation the circular dichroism (CD) method was applied. Allergenicity of sD1 was estimated by inhibition of specific IgE binding in ELISA and chemiluminescent analysis using Phadia ImmunoCAP as well as by detection of histamine released from leukocytes of whole blood of Der p sensitized patients after its incubation with D1 or sD1. To evaluate immunogenicity of D1 and sD1 BALB/c mice were i.p. immunized 4 times in 3 week interval with D1 or sD1 with or without adjuvant Al(OH),. The levels of anti-Der p IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a in pulled mice sera were determined by ELISA. Results. Succinilation of D1 extract led to «unfolding» of allergen molecules in modified sD1. The degree ofmodification was 98,9%. Results of SDS-PAGE demonstrated that native D1 and succinilated sD1 extract showed bands at the same molecular mass confirming that succinilation does not influence the size of modified molecule which thus maintains the monomeric nature of the sD1. Mass-spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of major allergen Der p 1 in the native D1 extract. CD method demonstrated the alteration of tertiary structure of succinilated recombinant rDer p 1 that may be extrapolated on the other allergenic proteins in the sD1 extract. Allergenicity of sD1 was significantly reduced in compare to D1 that was confirmed by inhibition of IgE-binding and histamine release from leukocytes of whole blood, Immunization of BALB/c mice with sD1 (with or without Al(OH)3) induced anti-Der p IgE-response which was substantially lower than that of D1 induced. At the same time anti-Der p IgG1 and IgG2a responses after immunization with sD1 (with or without Al(OH)3) were significantly higher than that ofD1 induced. Conclusion. Modification of the extract from house dust mite D. pteronyssinus by succinilation leads to formation of monomeric allergoid possesses low allergenicity and preserved (or even increased) immunogenicity that may a new approach for creation of allergy vaccines for safe and effective allergen-specific immunotherapy.
Regarding to the issue of the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of asthma and the possibilities of anticytokine therapy
Authors: Fedoseev G B , Trofimov V I , Negrutsa K V , Timchik V G , Golubeva V I , Aleksandrin V A , Razumovskaya T S , Kryakunov K N
Published: July 2021

The study involved 210 people, of which 32 had mild bronchial asthma, 39 had moderate bronchial asthma, 39 had moderate bronchial asthma combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 38 had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 17 patients suffered from community-acquired pneumonia, 25 patients with essential hypertension and ischemic heart disease (comparison group) and 20 healthy patients. We assessed sIgE to mite allergens, dust allergens, and the mixed grass, trees, weeds and flower pollen allergens , Str. pneumon., Haemofil. influenzae, Neisseria perflava. The levels of interleukin-4, interleukin6, interleukinlO, interleukin-7, gamma-interferon, tumor necrosis factor were investigated. All patients were studied in the acute condition of the disease. We assessed the infectious potential and atopic potential in every patient. Results of the study allow to resume that cytokines levels, their combinations (cytokine profile) testing has not to be advisable for clinical diagnostics, assessement of the severity of the disease and treatment strategy including anti-cytokine therapy.
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with asthma: dynamics of immunological parameters during antimycotic therapy
Authors: Kozlova Y I , Sobolev A V , Frolova E V , Uchevatkina A E , Filippova L V , Aak O V , Shurpitskaya O A , Klimko N N
Published: July 2021

Background. To determine the frequency of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with asthma and to study the dynamics of immunological parameters in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis during antimycotic therapy. Methods. During investigation of 176 patients with asthma the group of patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis was isolated. Allergological (skin tests with fungal allergens, serum total IgE, specific IgE to fungal allergens), immunological (IFN-γ, IL-10) and mycological (microscopy and culture of respiratory samples) examination was performed. Computer tomography of the chest was done when indicated. Results. In patients with asthma frequency of sensitization to Aspergillus spp. was 27%, with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - 4%. The increased activity of T-helper type 2 in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (n=7) was revealed. After itraconazole treatment during 24 weeks serum total IgE reduced (p=0,04), spontaneous and induced production of IFN-γ ratio was normalized. The reduction of the absolute number of eosinophils in 4 (80%) patients, decreased production of sIgE to Aspergillus spp. in 3 (60%) patients were noted. Conclusion. All patients with severe asthma needed additional allergological and mycological examination for the detection of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Itraconazole therapy was effective, reduced fungal burden, and resulted to restoring of Th2/Th1 imbalance in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.
Possibilities of preparation and storage of standard histamine solutions
Authors: Prylutskyi A S , Tkachenko K Ye , Rogovaia Yu D , Abylgazinova N B
Published: July 2021

Background. To explore the stability of histamine solutions of low concentrations sterilized by autoclaving and filtration as well as the possibilities of storage and use of these solutions after 1-fold and 5-fold freezing and defrosting. Methods. Histamine dihydrochloride solutions at a concentration of 10 μg/ml were sterilized by the membrane filtration or the autoclaving at 121 °C for 30 minutes. The solutions were frozen in sterile insulin syringes, followed by 1- and 5-fold defrosting. Skin prick tests have been performed with the resulting solutions. Results. When comparing the results of skin prick testing performed with autoclaved and sterilized by the filtration histamine, no statistically significant differences were found (p>0,05). Comparison of the results of skin prick tests performed with histamine that hadn't been frozen before, after 1- and 5-fold freezing and defrosting showed no statistically significant differences (p>0,05). Conclusion. It has been shown that histamine solutions sterilized by autoclaving at 121 °C for 30 minutes followed by repeated freezing and defrosting don’t change their biological activity substantially.
Clinical efficacy of allergen-specific immunotherapy in children with combined forms of respiratory trees pollen allergy
Authors: Emelina Y N , Tuzankina I A , Zurochka A V
Published: July 2021

Background. To evaluate the effectiveness of three courses of allergenspecific immunotherapy (ASIT) in children with combined forms of respiratory pollen allergy. Materials and methods. We observed 69 children aged 10,6±0,4 with combined forms of hay fever. All children were randomized and divided into 3 subgroups who received allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) with Fostal, Staloral and water-salted mixed extracts of trees pollen. The comparison group consisted of 16 children with combined forms of hay fever without ASIT. The effectiveness of treatment was assessed by dynamics of the allergic rhino-conjunctivitis symptoms using a visual analogue scale and dynamics of the level of control over the symptoms of bronchial asthma using standardized questionnaires - the Asthma Control Test. Results. The first course of allergen-specific immunotherapy reduced the severity of rhinorrhea by 48%, nasal congestion - by 45,1%, itching eyes - by 40,8%, nasal itching - by 30,6%, complete control of asthma symptoms was achieved in 61,2%; ASIT reduced the likelihood of an uncontrolled flow of asthma in 17,6 times compared with children who did not receive immunotherapy. After three courses of allergen-specific immunotherapy with pollen allergens a decrease of the severity of allergic rhino-conjunctivitis symptoms and increase of the level of asthma symptoms control in all subgroups was shown.
The efficiency of diet therapy based on amino-acid formula «Neocate Advance»® in treatment of children with severe atopic dermatitis and cow’s milk food allergy. Clinical cases
Authors: Elisutina O G , Shtyrbul O K , Pampura A N , Erina O A , Fedenko E S
Published: July 2021

A food allergy is an abnormal immune response to food, mostly depended on IgE-mediated reactions. One of the most common symptoms of children’s food allergy is atopic dermatitis. The primary goal of diet therapy is the correct choice of hypoallergenic formula. In this article the cases of using amino-acid based formula «Neocate Advance»® in treatment of children with severe atopic dermatitis and cow’s milk food allergy are considered.
The correction of epidermal barrier dysfunction in atopic dermatitis patients
Authors: Elisyutina O G , Shtyrbul O V , Zemskaya E N
Published: July 2021

Atopic dermatitis is chronic inflammatory multifactorial disease, which has genetic disorders, immune mechanisms of development and is under the ainfluence of a combination of exogenous and endogenous factors. Recently a leading role of the epidermal barrier dysfunction in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis was shown. The article presents data about emollient for skin care efficacy - Cetaphil® RESTORADERM, which consists of preceramides and filaggrin breakdown products in complex treatment of atopic dermatitis patients.
Clinical efficacy of subcutaneous and sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy of allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis
Authors: Kozulina I E , Pavlova K S , Kurbacheva O M
Published: July 2021

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous and sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), a comparative pharmaco-economic analysis. Materials and methods. The study included 60 patients with allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis with or without asthma induced by birch pollen. In the first group patients received subcutaneous AIT (SCIT) by «Phostal - allergen of trees pollen», in the second group - sublingual AIT (SLIT) by «Staloral - allergen of birch pollen». Results. All patients after the SCIT or SLIT in the first pollen season noted a decrease in the severity of nasal and conjunctival symptoms (SMD -1,93 [95% CI -2,39; -1,47] and -1,57 [95% CI -2,39; -0,75] for groups 1 and 2, respectively) and a decrease in the rescue medication requirement (SMD -1,98 [95% CI -2,57; -1,39] and -1,86 [95% CI -2,61; -1,11] for groups 1 and 2, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences between the SCIT and SLIT efficacy. After AIT in both groups there was a significant reduction in the cost of medication and medical services (on average 5 times). In a comparative pharmacoeconomic analysis «cost/efficacy» and «cost/utility» was showed comparable results of SCIT and SLIT.
Therapeutic comparability of Dezrinit and Nazonex® in control of symptoms of allergic rhinitis. The results of a multicenter, open, randomized, comparative study in parallel groups
Authors: Ilina N I , Fedoskova T G , Astafieva N G , Gorychkina L A , Edin A S , Lopatin A S , Ukhanova O P , Khanova F M , Khanferyan R A
Published: July 2021

Background. To study efficacy and safety of Dezrinit (mometasone furoate, metered dose nasal spray, 200 pg/day) in comparison with Nasonex® (mometasone furoate, metered dose nasal spray, 200 pg/day) upon administration for 14 days in adult patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Materials and methods. A total of 141 patients were enrolled into the study at 8 study centers in the RF, of which 134 patients were randomized: 67 patients into the experimental group (Dezrinit) and 67 patients into the comparison group (Nasonex®). patients were randomized to receive treatment either with Dezrinit or Nasonex®. Efficacy was assessed based on reflective Total Nasal Symptom Score (rTNSS) and instantaneous Total Nasal Symptom Score (iTNSS); reflective Total Ocular Symptom Score (rTOSS) and instantaneous Total Ocular Symptom Score (iTOSS). Overall proportion of patients who responded to treatment was evaluated according to overall assessment of treatment efficacy both by a patient and by an investigator. AEs were reported for safety assessment. Results. After 14 days of treatment a marked improvement of symptoms was observed in both groups based on all assessed scores. Mean change (SD) in rTNSS from baseline was -11,91 (4,625) scores and -11,64 (4,58) scores in the experimental and comparison groups, respectively (within group differences, p
CLINICAL EFFICACY OF EBASTINE IN PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM SPONTANEOUS URTICARIA
Authors: Elisyutina O G , Fedenko E S , Zemskaya E N , Shtyrbul O V
Published: July 2021

Background. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Kestine® (ebastine) 20 mg sublingual tablets in spontaneous urticaria. Materials and methods. 25 adults suffered from spontaneous chronic urticaria, and 5 patients with acute urticaria aged from 18 to 56 years old (mean age 32,7±10,1) were included in the study. All patients received treatment with Kestine® (ebastine) 20 mg 1 sublingual tab. once daily during 28 days. Assessment of activity and severity of urticaria symptoms was carried out before the treatment, 2 and 4 weeks after the starting of the treatment. To assess the urticaria activity symptoms the urticaria activity score uAS and uAS 7 (for 7 days) were used. Results. The study showed high efficacy and safety of ebastine 20 mg sublingual tablets in the treatment of patients with chronic and acute urticaria. Control under the symptoms was achieved in 20 patients with chronic urticaria (mediana UAS7 before treatment 27 - Q1 - 21, Q3 - 34, after the treatment - 10 - Q1 - 4, Q3 - 12) and in 5 patients with acute urticaria on the 28th day of treatment. Thus Kestine® (ebastine) 20 mg can be recommended as the first line medication in the treatment of spontaneous urticaria.
Mucosal immune system: the regulatory action of probiotics
Authors: Astafieva N G , Gamova I V , Udovitchenko E N , Perfilova I A , Kobzev D Y , Michailova І Ae
Published: July 2021

The evidence of the beneficial effects of dairy products on the intestinal microflora was given for the first time in 1908 by I.I. Mechnikov in the famous article «A few words about the sour milk». Since that time probiotics - the living microorganisms for regulation of intestinal microbiota are the case of interest. Interactions between the probiotics and macroorganism are very complex and include a network of genes receptors, signaling molecules and a variety of other factors that determine the natural course of the disease.
Palinological spectrum in Samara and it's influence on the course of pollinosis
Authors: Khabibulina L R , Vlasova N V , Manzhos M V , Kavelenova L M , Blachentsev K V
Published: July 2021

Background. Purpose - to study the dynamics of anthesisin two parts of the city with different plants structure, the selection of the dominant taxa, calendaring of anthesising plants for Samara city. Methods. Pollen was captured by the gravimetric method, on glass slides, covered with a special mixture. In the obtained preparations pollen grains were counted and identified their belonging to different systematic groups. Results. In 2013 there were registered 21 taxons - 12 wood and 9 herbaceous, in 2014 - 20 taxa - 13 wood and 7 herbaceous in the air basin of Samara city. Birch pollen (16%), ambrosia (15%), poplar (11%), maple (10%), cereals (9%), pine (8%), willow (8%), nettle (6%), Artemisia (4%), Chenopodiaceae (4%),were dominated representing 90% of the pollen spectrum. Conclusion. Regional features of palinological spectrum in Samara city was revealed.
Atopic profile of patients with chronic vulvovaginitis
Authors: Dolgushina N V , Latysheva E A , Pavlova A A , Kolodko V G
Published: July 2021

Background. The recurrent vulvovaginitis is one of the most common diseases of the female reproductive system. In women the sensitization to various allergens can contribute to recurrences of vulvovaginitis. The purpose of the study was to compare the prevalence rate of hypersensitivity to aero-, food and contact allergens in patients with chronic vulvovaginitis of different origin. Methods. In cross-sectional study 88 patients of reproductive age were divided into the following groups: 52 women with chronic vulvovaginitis [18 patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), 17 patients with bacterial vaginosis (BV), 17 patients with non-specific vaginitis (NSV)] and 36 control patients. Laboratory studies included measurement of vaginal Ph, vaginal eosinophil count by microscopy, and serum IgE level by ELISA. All patients underwent the skin prick tests with aero-, food and fungal allergens, and patch skin tests with contact allergens. Results. The patients with VVC had the highest rate of sensitization to fungal allergens in skin allergy test (p=0,0002). The rate of positive patch-tests result with at least one allergen was higher in this group of patients (66,7%) and in patients with NSV (88,2%) compared to patients with BV (17,6%) and control group (8,3%) of women (p
Epidermal barrier defect in atopic dermatitis children and its role in the development of allergic sensitization and respiratory allergy
Authors: Migacheva N B , Zhestkov A V , Kaganova T I , Elisutina O G , Bibarsova G I , Shtyrbul O V
Published: July 2021

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common allergic disease in young children which is often (almost in half of cases) the beginning of so-called «allergic march», followed by the addition of respiratory allergy symptoms. In this review we present some studies to explain one of the possible mechanisms for the realization of allergic march associated with transepidermal sensitization in atopic dermatitis infants. Perhaps, the data may help in establishment of new strategies for allergy prevention in the near future.
The trained immunity phenomenon and mechanisms of action of non-specific immunomodifiers
Authors: Kalyuzhin O V
Published: July 2021

The discovery of the trained immunity phenomenon, which explains adaptive characteristics of the components of the innate immunity, not only to modernizes our understanding of the fundamentals of anti-infectious defense, but also contributes to further progress in the development and more rational selection and use of immunomodulatory agents. Induction of memory within the innate immune response is the basis of long-lasting immunomodulating effects of some non-specific immunomodifiers, which either contain ligands for innate immunity receptors or modulate the immune response pathway mediated by these receptors. For the first time, the mechanisms of action of pidotimod (a synthetic dipeptide with immunomodulatory properties) have been re-examined in the light of the trained immunity phenomenon.
The species differences of staphylococci isolated from skin lesions in children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Kudryavtseva A V , Savvina J A , Morozova O A
Published: July 2021

Materials and methods. This study enrolled 87 patients with AD different manifestations in its acute phase. Most children were with moderate AD. In over 50% of cases we detected the erythemato-squamous form of AD (ES). 9 patients with severe manifestations had a lichenoid form. Skin smears were taken before starting therapy. The identification of staphylococcal types was performed and their antibiotic sensitivity was tested by means of the automated microbiology analyzer «Walka-way 96 plus», Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Germany. Results. The study proved that S. aureus and S. epidermidis (SA and SE) were mostly isolated from skin lesion: the coagulazo-negative staphylococci (CNS) included S. haemolyticus, S. warneri, S. hominis, S. saprophyticus and S. sciuri. 12,7% cases showed no bacterial growth. No difference between SA or CNS and the disease severity was recorded. CNS were proved to colonize more frequently the skin of patients with erythemato-squamous AD while SA was a more frequent colonizer in chronic AD with lichenization (р=0,081). All staphylococci were penicillin-resistant. Among CNS, 8 out of31 SE strains, 1 S. haemolyticus and 1 S. sciuri were oxacillin-resistant. Conclusion. Therefore, we can state that alongside with SA colonization and regardless of AD severity CNS skin lesion colonization is detected in patients with AD. Moreover, CNS colonization accompanies acute inflammatory changes and in some cases demonstrates oxacillin-resistance. These findings suggest the need for further research into the role that CNS play in AD progression.
Bacterial lysates in prophylaxis of recurrent respiratory infections in children
Authors: Zaitseva O V
Published: July 2021

The best way to prevent recurrent respiratory infections in children considers the forming of adequate immune response against pathogenic bacteria. In this article efficacy and safety of bacterial lysate Broncho-Vaxome have been comprehensively reviewed.
Characteristics of immune response and role of cytokines in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Elisyutina O G , Fedenko E S , Boldyreva M N , Gudima G O
Published: July 2021

AD is a multifactorial disease, which is based on genetic disorders, immune mechanisms and influence of exogenous and endogenous factors. Study of immunopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, it’s specific biomarkers, triggers is very important for understanding of causes and mechanisms of the disease as well as for developing of new methods of treatment. The review describes the current views on the immune response in AD.
Fenkarol - the first nonsedative antihistamine for parenteral administration
Authors: Luss L V
Published: July 2021

In the pathogenesis of various diseases histamine performs an important role relating to one of the most important mediators involved in the regulation of vital functions in the body. Histamine plays a key role in the development of allergic diseases and pseudoallergic reactions. Therefore, in clinical practice, of particular interest are drugs that block the effects of histamine - antihistamines. The lecture highlights mechanisms of action of histamine and indications for antihistamines. Particular attention is given to parenteral forms of antihistamines and benefits of a new form of antihistamines for parenteral use without sedation - fenkarol one of quinuclidine derivatives. Features and advantages of antihistamines - quinuclidine derivatives, first developed in Laboratory of academician M.D. Mashkovsky are presented.
The influence of climatic factors on the spectrum and structure of allergic diseases in the case of the Moscow region
Authors: Ilyina N I , Luss L V , Kurbacheva O M , Nazarova E V , Pavlova K S
Published: July 2021

Background. To study the features of the structure and spectrum of etiological allergens in allergic diseases in a changing climate taking into account the climatic characteristics the analysis of medical documentation and allergological examination of the Moscow region patients. Methods. The number of patient’s visits in the clinical department of the Institute of immunology, Moscow, Russia, for the fiveyear period (2008 to 2012) as well as the pollen monitoring data during the seasonal period from 2008 to 2012 were estimated. Results and conclusion. It was found that the debut of bronchial asthma in patients with pollinosis directly depends on a high pollen concentration in the atmospheric air (above 20 000 pollen grains per m3 of air). The influence of climatic and weather conditions on the formation, aggravation and severity of allergic diseases in the case of patients living in the Moscow region have been established.
THE CLINICAL ROLE OF COMPONENT DIAGNOSTICS OF PEANUT ALLERGY AMONG CHILDREN WITH ALLERGIC DISEASES
Authors: Shulyaeva A M , Pampura A N , Okuneva T S , Shabelnikova E I
Published: July 2021

Background. To determine the clinical significance of IgEmediated sensibilization to recombinant peanut allergens. Materials and methods. We examined 30 children with allergic diseases and sensibilization to whole peanut allergen. All children passed through allergological examination, including determination of specific IgE (method of Measurement CAP 100 Phadia, Switzerland) to recombinant peanut allergens: Ara h1, Ara h2, Ara h3, Ara and Ara h8, h9. Results. A wide variation of combinations of sensibilization to various peanut allergens was found. Sensibilization to rAra hi allergen was found in 40% of cases, to rAra h2 - in 36,6%, to rAra h3 - in 33%, to rAra h8 - in 60%, to rAra h9 in 56,6% of cases. Their clinical significance was 36,6% (rAra hi), 26% (rAra h2), 23% (rAra h3), 33% (rAra h8), 36% (rAra h9). Monosensibilization to peanut allergens rAra hi, 8 and 9 was identified in 26,6% of cases. The interrelation of rAra h2 and rAra h8 with atopic dermatitis and rAra h3 with asthma was found. Conclusion. Component diagnostics of peanut allergens has high diagnostic significance in further administration of elimination diets.
HIGH-DOSE SUBLINGUAL ALLERGEN IMMUNOTHERAPY: ADVISABILITY AND SAFETY
Authors: KURBACHEVA O M , PAVLOVA K S
Published: July 2021

Efficacy of the allergen immunotherapy (ait) in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma has been proved in many studies and systematic reviews. Higher safety profile of sublingual ait (slit) relative subcutaneous ait (sCit) defines preferences of slit. although the results of the first study of slit were published about 25 years ago and a lot of allergenic products for slit appeared during this period, poor evidence base and a lack of direct comparative controlled studies on the efficacy of slit vs sCit support debate about what way of allergen administration is more effective. it is possible, that lower efficacy of slit showed in earlier studies explains for the use of regimes with low daily and cours doses of allergens. in a recent review of the eaaCi it was shown the dosedependent therapeutic effect of ait, and was noted that an increase of the maintenance allergen dose while sCit increases the risk of adverse events, vs high doses slit demonstrates good safety profile with a significant increase of efficacy. it is possible that future studies using high doses of standardized allergens for slit will show not only more high profile of slit safety, but also its higher efficacy vs sCit.
Experience of antihistamines using in atopic dermatitis adults
Authors: Tuzlukova E B
Published: July 2021

The published data about using of the 1 st and 2 nd generation antihistamines in the treatment of atopic dermatitis are reviewed in this article. The own data of the morbidity and clinical features of atopic dermatitis in adults, the effectiveness of complex therapy including 1 st and 2 nd generation antihistamines in patients are presented.
New fixed dose combination in treatment of asthma: focus on mometasone furoate/formoterol
Authors: Emelyanov A V
Published: July 2021

The review focused on mometasone furoate/formoterol (MF/F), a new fixed dose combination (Zenhale, MDI 50/5, 100/5 and 200/5 mcg/dose) for treatment of asthma in adults and children 12 years of age and older. New combination should be used for patients not adequately controlled with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and «as needed» inhaled short acting β 2-agonist or those whose disease severity warrants initiation of treatment with two maintenance therapies. It may be also used in patients already adequately controlled on both ICS and long-acting β 2-agonist. Data from randomized placebo controlled clinical trials confirm that MF/F has fast onset of action, reduces number of exacerbations, improves lung function, quality of life and asthma control. MF/F has a good safety profile.
EVIDENCE-BASED TREATMENT OF REFRACTORY CHRONIC URTICARIA
Authors: Danilycheva I V
Published: July 2021

Despite advances in understanding of mechanisms of development of hives, many patients and their physicians remain unsatisfied results of treatment, lack of control of the disease. Now treatment of patients with the chronic urticarial has landmark character. The new indication for omalizumab was registered in Russia in 2014, giving the chance to achieve the control on a refractory form of urticaria. Omalizumab demonstrated rapid and beneficial effects on the signs and symptoms of chronic spontaneous urticaria torpid to H1blockers in the numerous studies.
Alvesco: new molecule in new inhalation device - new possibilities in asthma control
Authors: Ilina N I , Latysheva E A
Published: July 2021

The article presents the data about the new molecule inhaled glucocrticosteroid (iGCS) - ciclesonide in a new delivery device pMDA-HFA. A detailed analysis of the main characteristics of the drug molecules and means of their delivery was conducted according to international data. The results of observational study of the use of Alvesco in bronchial asthma patients in the real clinical practice of the Institute of Immunology are discussed.
FEATURES OF BACTERIAL IMMUNOMODULATORS INFLUENCE ON IMMUNOREGULATORY MECHANISMS IN PATIENTS WITH RESPIRATORY ALLERGIES
Authors: Sobolev A V , Aak O V
Published: July 2021

Recovering from bacterial infections in the first years of life reduces further risk of allergic diseases. Effects of bacterial immunomodulator Broncho Vaxom on immune system to certain extent repeats the immune response that occurs during penetration of the pathogen in the body. Bacterial antigens orchestrate cellular and humoral immune responses, stimulate innate immunity, normalize cytokine balance, and are promising in the treatment of respiratory allergic diseases.
Sensitive skin care with Sensidiane® line cosmetics
Authors: Elisyutina O G , Styrbul O V , Zemskaya E N
Published: July 2021

In article the data on clinical efficacy of the cosmetic line Sensidiane ®, Noreva Laboratories, France, in sensitive skin care of patients with various diseases: rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis are presented.
Expired air nitric oxide in patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with different disease course
Authors: Fedoseev G B , Trofimov V I , Timchik V G , Negrutsa K V , Razumovskaya T S , Rogachova N N , Alexandrin V A , Kriakunov K N
Published: July 2021

Expired air nitric oxide was measured in 113 subjects (26 healthy controls, 64 bronchial asthma (BA) patients and 23 COPD patients. In BA patients 10 had mild course of the disease. In 50 the course was estimated as moderate, 4 patients had severe course of the disease. In 20 patients BA was associated with COPD. The results revealed the dependence of FeNO on following factors: severity of the disease: in severe and moderate BA course FeNO was significantly higher than in mild BA; on phase of the disease: in exacerbation FeNO was significantly higher than in remission; on control of the disease: in patients, in whom it was difficult to reach the disease control, FeNO was higher than in others. In COPD patients FeNO was significantly lower than in BA ones. Even in subjects with marked airways inflammation manifested by high sputum cellularity FeNO was low.
Food anaphylaxis in children: diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Esakova N V , Pampura A N
Published: July 2021

The proper diagnose of anaphylaxis is based on the early recognition of symptoms, term definitions and the reasons of anaphylaxis reaction development. Modern data on the diagnostics of food anaphylaxis and a number of symptoms’ features are given in the article. The basic principles of treatment and anaphylaxis prevention are considered.
FOOD ANAPHYLAXIS IN CHILDREN: RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF 53 CASES
Authors: Esakova N V , Pampura A N
Published: July 2021

Introduction. There are no studies on anaphylaxis in children in Russian Federation therefore this problem is a topical issue. Background. To determine the etiology, natural course of food anaphylaxis in Russian Federation children, to analyse the therapeutic care of anaphylaxis. Methods. 53 patients with food anaphylaxis were included in the study. All patients completed a questionnaire included questions about the triggers, clinical manifestations and treatment of anaphylaxis. Results. In 94% episodes of anaphylactic reactions occurred at home, 2/3 (66%) of patients had two or more episodes of food anaphylaxis before, 5 (8%) infants didn’t have allergic diseases, 23 patients (43%) had anaphylactic reactions to more than one product. Cow’s milk (43%) was the most common cause of anaphylaxis. Cow’s milk caused anaphylaxis in 67% of children under 2 years (p
DRUG ALLERGY. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CLINICIANS (PART 1)
Authors: Ilina N I , Latisheva T V , Miasnikova T N , Luss L V , Kurbacheva O M , Erokhina S M
Published: July 2021

Recommendations contain modern data about incidence, etiology, patogenesis, diagnostics and treatment of drug allergy.