bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leaping the norovirus hurdle
Authors: Robinson Christopher M. , Pfeiffer Julie K.
Published: November 2014

Bacteria and B cells solve the problem of culturing human norovirus in the laboratory

[Also see Report by

Jones
et al.

]
Therapeutic bispecific antibodies cross the blood-brain barrier in nonhuman primates
Authors: Yu Y. Joy , Atwal Jasvinder K. , Zhang Yin , Tong Raymond K. , Wildsmith Kristin R. , Tan Christine , Bien-Ly Nga , Hersom Maria , Maloney Janice A. , Meilandt William J. , Bumbaca Daniela , Gadkar Kapil , Hoyte Kwame , Luk Wilman , Lu Yanmei , Ernst James A. , Scearce-Levie Kimberly , Couch Jessica A. , Dennis Mark S. , Watts Ryan J.
Published: November 2014

Bispecific antibodies engineered to both bind to the primate transferrin receptor and inhibit β-secretase are taken up by the nonhuman primate brain and reduce brain β-amyloid.
CAR T Cells Advance to the Next Level
Authors: Maus Marcela V.
Published: November 2014

CAR T cells redirected to CD19 in association with chimeric antigen receptors show potency in leukemia.
Lost Rhythms and the Failing Heart
Authors: Stecker Eric C.
Published: November 2014

Acute heart failure episodes place strain on heart myofibroblasts, leading to arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
Studying the “Soil” for Metastatic “Seeds”
Authors: Faltas Bishoy M.
Published: November 2014

A new bioengineered scaffold model can be used for studying tumor microenvironments.
Novel path to the past
Authors: Kane Ben
Published: November 2014

Ben Kane loved reading and history at school, but had always wanted to be a vet. After qualifying, the urge to travel found him visiting places he had read about, which reignited his passion for history; however, it was while working as a temporary veterinary inspector during the foot‐and‐mouth outbreak in 2001 that he had the chance to stand on Hadrian's Wall and imagine how the Roman legionaries must have felt. That experience led him to turn his hand to writing historical military fiction
Making the most of EMS
Authors: Millington Claire
Published: November 2014

Goodwill and gratitude are integral to extramural studies (EMS), with student placements often depending on vets grateful to predecessors who did the same for them. This puts an onus on the students to make the most of the experience; however, as Claire Millington of the RCVS communications department explains, practices can also help placements go well
Learning in a less developed country
Authors: Macfarlane Laura
Published: November 2014

Volunteering has been an inspiring and life‐enhancing journey for Australian vet Laura Macfarlane, who was given the opportunity to work on an FAO project in Bangladesh
Ten‐minute chat
Authors: Clark Peter
Published: November 2014

Peter Clark was formerly livestock vet at the Royal Bath and West Show; despite being retired he remains keenly interested in the event.
Pursuing an interest in research and one health
Authors: Szymanska Kasia
Published: November 2014

Kasia Szymanska is a second‐year veterinary student at University College Dublin (UCD). This year, a summer externship took her to North Carolina where she undertook research at the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences. At UCD, she handles public relations for its One Health Society
Diary of a parliamentary intern
Authors: Jordan Hannah
Published: November 2014

Hannah Jordan is Lord Trees' first intern. Having graduated in July, she has had a whirlwind summer, working as a locum and preparing for a role in which she aims to help the veterinary peer be more effective in Parliament
Making yourself the best person for the job
Authors: Lambert Alison
Published: November 2014

Finding a great job that is fulfilling, financially rewarding, challenging and fun is top of every graduate's to do list. Alison Lambert explains how to go about getting the job you want
How to talk so that clients will listen
Authors: Little Geoff
Published: November 2014

Geoff Little discusses ways of improving communication with clients to achieve optimum rates of concordance and compliance, which, he says, will result in happier clients with healthier pets
Veterinary forensic entomology
Authors: Ratsep Emily
Published: November 2014

At the University of Liverpool vet school, third‐year students complete a dissertation of their choice. Emily Ratsep chose veterinary forensic entomology, an interest she developed by accident
Ten‐minute chat
Authors: Van Rompay Koen
Published: November 2014

While presenting his research at an AIDS conference in Chennai, India, Koen Van Rompay was struck by the poverty there and felt he wanted to help. After a modest start, he set up the charity Sahaya International.
Diary of a parliamentary intern
Authors: Jordan Hannah
Published: November 2014

Since Parliament reconvened, Hannah Jordan, parliamentary intern to Lord Trees, has been researching slaughter methods in the UK for a short debate that took place in the House of Lords last week.
Life beyond the stethoscope
Authors: Richards Kate
Published: November 2014

Kate Richards is Deputy Director of Strategic Business Planning at the Ministry of Justice. She explains how she has used the skills honed as a vet in non‐veterinary roles within the Civil Service
Working in humanitarian services
Authors: Reid Joanna
Published: November 2014

Joanna Reid is head of office in Somalia for the UK's Department for International Development. She says she is just an ordinary civil servant, and that she has the best job in the world
Holistic management for rescued bears
Authors: Field Nicola
Published: November 2014

Nicola Field heads Animal Asia's veterinary team in China. The charity is dedicated to ending bear bile farming and here she describes how the team takes an integrated approach to caring for the bears
Ten‐minute chat
Authors: Stamp Amy
Published: November 2014

Amy Stamp is a 20‐year‐old vet student at Nottingham. A keen writer and musician, she has found outlets for her talents through a blog,'Ill creatures great and small', and a newly established campus orchestra.
Diary of a parliamentary intern
Authors: Jordan Hannah
Published: November 2014

Hannah Jordan, parliamentary intern to Lord Trees, is often asked what a vet does in the House of Lords. As a firm believer that the completion of a veterinary degree broadens career opportunities and employability, she describes the versatility of the veterinary degree.
A passion for feline medicine
Authors: Sparkes Andy
Published: November 2014

Andy Sparkes set out to be a small animal practitioner, but has found his career taking him on an unexpected journey
Undergraduate masterclass in veterinary public health
Authors: Grant Lewis
Published: November 2014

Veterinary public health is essential for protecting and promoting human health and yet is rarely at the top of the list of career choices for veterinary students. To raise awareness of the opportunities available to them in this field, the Veterinary Public Health Association is continuing the week‐long masterclass started by Jill and Geoff Nute, offering students the chance to learn about the food production pathway. Lewis Grant fills in the background
Animal advocate
Authors: Knight Andrew
Published: November 2014

Andrew Knight is a European veterinary specialist in animal welfare science, ethics and law who speaks regularly on animal welfare issues at universities and conferences internationally. Here, he describes how his career has developed, along with his interest in cryptozoology
Sexual Practices of Female Sex Workers Who Inject Drugs in Osogbo, Nigeria
Authors: Adelekan Ademola Lukman , Omoregie Philomena Imade , Edoni Elizabeth Ronami
Published: November 2014

Female sex workers (FSWs) who inject drugs have higher risks of HIV infection due to injection drug use and the array of sexual practices employed. This study, therefore, is designed to determine sexual practices of FSWs who inject drug in Osogbo, Nigeria. This study was a cross-sectional descriptive mixed-methods design. Twenty-seven FSWs who inject drug were selected from 11 brothels by snowball sampling and interviewed with a semistructured questionnaire and in-depth interview guide. The mean age of respondents was 26.2±7.5. Many of the respondents were aware of the magnitude of HIV and some were sex workers first before turning to be drug users. Some of the respondents had ever tested for HIV and few had ever been treated for STI more than once. Some respondents were willing to have male clients who do not wear a condom in exchange for accepting more money in return. Many of the respondents reported use of condom, regular talking of herbs, and good personal hygiene as ways of protecting themselves from HIV. Respondents have relatively high numbers of sexual partners. Involving sex workers directly in HIV prevention campaigns will encourage them to look after their health and to access services that could help them.
Dual‐Model Reverse CKF Algorithm in Cooperative Navigation for USV
Authors: Xu Bo , Xiao Yong ping , Gao Wei , Zhang Yong gang , Liu Ya Long , Liu Yang
Published: November 2014

As one of the most promising research directions, cooperative location with high precision and low‐cost IMU is becoming an emerging research topic in many positioning fields. Low‐cost MEMS/DVL is a preferred solution for dead‐reckoning in multi‐USV cooperative network. However, large misalignment angles and large gyro drift coexist in low‐cost MEMS that leads to the poor observability. Based on cubature Kalman filter (CKF) algorithm that has access to high accuracy and relative small computation, dual‐model filtering scheme is proposed. It divides the whole process into two subsections that cut off the coupling relations and improve the observability of MEMS errors: it first estimates large misalignment angle and then estimates the gyro drift. Furthermore, to improve the convergence speed of large misalignment angle estimated in the first subsection, “time reversion” concept is introduced. It uses a short period time to forward and backward several times to improve convergence speed effectively. Finally, simulation analysis and experimental verification is conducted. Simulation and experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively improve the cooperative navigation performance.
Recurrent Bacterial Meningitis in a Child with Mondini Dysplasia
Authors: Kepenekli-Kadayifci Eda , Karaaslan Ayşe , Atıcı Serkan , Binnetoğlu Adem , Sarı Murat , Soysal Ahmet , Altınkanat Gülşen , Bakır Mustafa
Published: November 2014

Mondini dysplasia, also known as Mondini malformation, is a developmental abnormality of the inner and middle ears that can cause hearing loss, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, and recurrent bacterial meningitis (RBM), which is defined as two or more episodes of meningitis separated by a period of convalescence and the complete resolution of all signs and symptoms. An accurate diagnosis of the underlying pathology is crucial to prevent further episodes from occurring. Herein, we present a three-year-old boy with RBM and unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. During the evaluation to determine the etiology of the RBM, cystic malformation in the cochlea and vestibular dilatation consistent with Mondini dysplasia were detected via computerized tomography (CT) of the temporal bone.
The Distributionally Robust Optimization Reformulation for Stochastic Complementarity Problems
Authors: Xu Liyan , Yu Bo , Liu Wei
Published: November 2014

We investigate the stochastic linear complementarity problem affinely affected by the uncertain parameters. Assuming that we have only limited information about the uncertain parameters, such as the first two moments or the first two moments as well as the support of the distribution, we formulate the stochastic linear complementarity problem as a distributionally robust optimization reformation which minimizes the worst case of an expected complementarity measure with nonnegativity constraints and a distributionally robust joint chance constraint representing that the probability of the linear mapping being nonnegative is not less than a given probability level. Applying the cone dual theory and S-procedure, we show that the distributionally robust counterpart of the uncertain complementarity problem can be conservatively approximated by the optimization with bilinear matrix inequalities. Preliminary numerical results show that a solution of our method is desirable.
Synthesis of Fe‐Doped ZnO Nanorods by Rapid Mixing Hydrothermal Method and Its Application for High Performance UV Photodetector
Authors: Chey Chan Oeurn , Masood Ansar , Riazanova A. , Liu Xianjie , Rao K. V. , Nur Omer , Willander Magnus
Published: November 2014

We have successfully synthesized Fe‐doped ZnO nanorods by a new and simple method in which the adopted approach is by using ammonia as a continuous source of OH− for hydrolysis instead of hexamethylenetetramine (HMT). The energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectra revealed that the Fe peaks were presented in the grown Fe‐doped ZnO nanorods samples and the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results suggested that Fe3+ is incorporated into the ZnO lattice. Structural characterization indicated that the Fe‐doped ZnO nanorods grow along the c‐axis with a hexagonal wurtzite structure and have single crystalline nature without any secondary phases or clusters of FeO or Fe3O4 observed in the samples. The Fe‐doped ZnO nanorods showed room temperature (300 K) ferromagnetic magnetization versus field (M‐H) hysteresis and the magnetization increases from 2.5 μemu to 9.1 μemu for Zn0.99Fe0.01O and Zn0.95Fe0.05O, respectively. Moreover, the fabricated Au/Fe‐doped ZnO Schottky diode based UV photodetector achieved 2.33 A/W of responsivity and 5 s of time response. Compared to other Au/ZnO nanorods Schottky devices, the presented responsivity is an improvement by a factor of 3.9.
An Efficient Homomorphic Aggregate Signature Scheme Based on Lattice
Authors: Jing Zhengjun
Published: November 2014

Homomorphic aggregate signature (HAS) is a linearly homomorphic signature (LHS) for multiple users, which can be applied for a variety of purposes, such as multi‐source network coding and sensor data aggregation. In order to design an efficient postquantum secure HAS scheme, we borrow the idea of the lattice‐based LHS scheme over binary field in the single‐user case, and develop it into a new lattice‐based HAS scheme in this paper. The security of the proposed scheme is proved by showing a reduction to the single‐user case and the signature length remains invariant. Compared with the existing lattice‐based homomorphic aggregate signature scheme, our new scheme enjoys shorter signature length and high efficiency.
Disturbance Attenuation via Output Feedback for Uncertain Nonlinear Systems with Output and Input Depending Growth Rate
Authors: Yu Weiyong , Zhang Fangfang
Published: November 2014

The problem of output feedback disturbance attenuation is investigated for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. The uncertainties of the considered systems are bounded by unmeasured states with growth rate function of output and input multiplying an unknown constant. Based on a dynamic gain observer, an adaptive output feedback controller is proposed such that the states of the closed‐loop system are globally bounded, and the disturbance attenuation is achieved in the L2‐gain sense. An example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design scheme.
A Gigantic Anogenital Lesion: Buschke-Lowenstein Tumor
Authors: Sandhu Rikinder , Min Zaw , Bhanot Nitin
Published: November 2014

Buschke-Lowenstein tumor is a relatively rare sexually transmitted disease. It is a neoplasm of the anogenital region which has benign appearance on histopathology but is locally destructive. It carries a high recurrence rate and a significant potential for malignant transformation. Human papilloma virus has been implicated as an etiologic agent for this tumor. Since this disease is rare and no controlled studies exist, radical excision of this anogenital lesion is generally recommended as the first line therapy and close vigilance and followup are essential. We have discussed an overview of etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of this uncommonly encountered disease.
Studies on Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polyoxymethylene Nanocomposite
Authors: Mohan Babu K. , Mettilda M.
Published: November 2014

Polyoxymethylene is a material which has excellent mechanical properties similar to Nylon-6 filled with 30% GF. 75% POM and 25% glass fibre (POMGF) were blended with nanoclay to increase the tensile and flexural properties. Samples were extruded in twin screw extruder to blend POMGF and (1%, 3%, and 5%) Cloisite 25A nanoclay and specimens were prepared by injection moulding process. The tensile properties, flexural properties, impact strength, and hardness were investigated for the nanocomposites. The fibre pull-outs, fibre matrix adhesion, and cracks in composites were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy. 1% POMGF nanocomposite has low water absorption property. Addition of nanoclay improves the mechanical properties and thermal properties marginally. Improper blending of glass fibre and nanoclay gives low tensile strength and impact strength. SEM image shows the mixing of glass fibre and nanoclay among which 1% POMGF nanocomposite shows better properties compared to others. The thermal stability decreased marginally only with the addition of nanoclay.
Some Definition of Hartley-Hilbert and Fourier-Hilbert Transforms in a Quotient Space of Boehmians
Authors: Al-Omari S. K. Q.
Published: November 2014

We investigate the Hartley-Hilbert and Fourier-Hilbert transforms on a quotient space of Boehmians. The investigated transforms are well-defined and linear mappings in the space of Boehmians. Further properties are also obtained.
Lack of Association of the PolymorphismsIL-17A(−197G/A) andIL-17F(+7488A/G) with Multibacillary Leprosy in Mexican Patients
Authors: Escamilla-Tilch Mónica , Estrada-García Iris , Granados Julio , Arenas-Guzmán Roberto , Ramos-Payan Rosalio , Pérez-Suárez Thalía Gabriela , Salazar Ma. Isabel , Pérez-Lucas Riky Luis , Estrada-Parra Sergio , Torres-Carrillo Nora Magdalena
Published: November 2014

Background.Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by the intracellular acid-fast bacilliMycobacterium leprae; it has been determined that genetic factors of the host play an important role in the disease susceptibility. Thus, in this case-control study, we evaluated the possible association between theIL-17A G-197A(rs227593) andIL-17F A7488G(His161Arg, rs763780) gene SNPs and susceptibility to leprosy disease in Mexican population.Methods.Seventy-five leprosy patients and sixty-nine control subjects were included. Both SNPs were genotyped with the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique.Results.We found nonsignificant differences in genotype and allele frequencies related toIL-17A G-197A(rs227593) andIL-17F A7488G(His161Arg, rs763780) gene SNPs in MB as well as subclinical forms of leprosy disease versus healthy individuals.Conclusions.Since the sample size is not large enough, it is difficult to sustain an association of susceptibility to leprosy with genotypes or allele frequencies ofIL-17A G-197A(rs227593) andIL-17F A7488G(His161Arg, rs763780), suggesting thatIL-17polymorphisms have no significant role in the genetic susceptibility to development of this disease in the Mexican Mestizo population.
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in Patients with a Hematological Malignancy: Review of Therapeutic Options
Authors: Kalisch Alexander , Wilhelm Martin , Erbguth Frank , Birkmann Josef
Published: November 2014

In the context of 2 patients with hematological malignancy who developed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), we review the current therapeutic options for this serious complication. Both patients had lymphoma and had been pretreated with the antibody rituximab. Diagnosis of PML was obtained upon the detection of the JC virus. The outcome was fatal in both cases. So far, no standard therapeutic approach for JC virus infection has been established in HIV-negative patients with hematological malignancies and the outcome is usually fatal. Serotonin receptor antagonists might have a beneficial effect by blocking the virus from entering the cells. Although hopes for the efficacy of mefloquine were disappointed by the results of 1 study, several case reports describe improvements in neurological impairment when this drug is administered. Taking the desperate situation of this patient group into consideration, the combination of mirtazapine and mefloquine might be worthy of an attempt.
Cost-Effectiveness of Endobronchial Valve Therapy for Severe Emphysema: A Model-Based Projection Based on the VENT Study
Authors: Pietzsch Jan B. , Garner Abigail , Herth Felix J.F.
Published: November 2014

Background: Endobronchial valve (EBV) therapy is an innovative treatment that has been shown to be safe and effective in selected subgroups of patients with severe emphysema. Objectives: The objective of our study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of EBV therapy compared to the medical management of patients with high heterogeneity, complete fissures and lobar exclusion in the context of the German health-care system. Methods: Clinical data from a subset of VENT (Endobronchial Valve for Emphysema Palliation Trial) provided information about clinical events, health-related quality of life, and disease staging for 12 months. This information was subsequently used to project long-term disease progression, mortality, and health resource utilization. We computed the 5- and 10-year incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in euros per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Costs and effects were discounted at 3% per year. Results: EBV therapy led to clinically meaningful disease restaging at 12 months (37.8% of the cohort improved staging, compared to 0% in the controls). Over 5 years, EBV therapy was projected to increase survival from 66.4 to 70.7%, and to add 0.22 QALYs. Costs were estimated to increase by EUR 10,299, resulting in an ICER of EUR 46,322 per QALY. Over 10 years, 0.41 QALYs were gained at an additional cost of EUR 10,425, yielding an ICER of EUR 25,142 per QALY. Conclusions: Our model-based analysis suggests that EBV therapy leads to clinically meaningful changes in disease staging and progression when compared to medical management, with resulting gains in unadjusted and quality-adjusted life expectancy. Our results indicate that EBV therapy is cost-effective in the German health-care system.
Zenker's Diverticulum: Diagnostic Approach and Surgical Management
Authors: Nuño-Guzmán Carlos M. , García-Carrasco Daniel , Haro Miguel , Arróniz-Jáuregui José , Corona Jorge L. , Salcido Macario
Published: November 2014

Zenker's diverticulum (ZD), also known as cricopharyngeal, pharyngoesophageal or hypopharyngeal diverticulum, is a rare condition characterized by an acquired outpouching of the mucosal and submucosal layers originating from the pharyngoesophageal junction. This false and pulsion diverticulum occurs dorsally at the pharyngoesophageal wall between the inferior pharyngeal constrictor and the cricopharyngeus muscle. The pathophysiology of ZD involves altered compliance of the cricopharyngeus muscle and raised intrabolus pressure. Decreased compliance of the upper esophageal sphincter and failure to open completely for effective bolus clearance both lead to an increase in the hypopharyngeal pressure gradient. Different open surgical techniques and transoral endoscopic approaches have been described for the management of ZD, although there is no consensus about the best option. We report the case of a 61-year-old patient with a 7-year history of dysphagia and odynophagia for solid food, which after 2 months progressed to dysphagia for liquids and after 4 months to regurgitation 2-6 h after meals. The patient experienced a 12-kg weight loss. Diagnosis was established by esophagogram, which showed a diverticulum through the posterior pharyngeal wall, suggestive of a ZD. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed a pouch with erythematous mucosa. Under general anesthesia, diverticulectomy and myotomy were performed. After an uneventful recovery and adequate oral intake, the patient remains free of symptoms at 4 months of follow-up.
Performance of a diagnostic algorithm based on a prediction rule, D-dimer and CT-scan for pulmonary embolism in patients with previous venous thromboembolism
Authors: den Exter Paul L. , Mos Inge C. M. , Huisman Menno V. , Klok Frederikus A. , Valls Maria José Fabiá , Hulle Tom van der
Published: November 2014

Diagnostic management of suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with a history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is complicateddue to persistent abnormal D-dimer levels, residual embolic obstruction and higher clinical prediction rule (CPR) scores. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficiency of the standard diagnostic algorithm consisting of a CPR, D-dimer test and computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in this specific patient category. We performed a systematic literature search for prospective studies evaluating a diagnostic algorithm in consecutive patients with clinically suspected PE and a history of VTE. The VTE incidence rates during three-month follow-up and the number of indicated CTPAs were pooled using random effect models. Four studies concerning 1,286 patients were included with a pooled baseline PE prevalence of 36 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 30–42). In only 217 patients (15 %; 95 %CI 11–20) PE could be excluded without CTPA. The three-month VTE incidence rate was 0.8 % (95 %CI 0.06–2.4) in patients managed without CTPA, 1.6 % (95 %CI 0.3–4.0) in patients in whom PE was excluded by CTPA and 1.4 % (95 %CI 0.6–2.7) overall. In the pooled studies, PE was safely excluded in patients with a history of VTE based on a CPR followed by a D-dimer test and/or CTPA, although the efficiency of the algorithm is relatively low compared to patients without a history of VTE.
PESQUISA DAS ATIVIDADES EXECUTADAS PELAS ENFERMEIRAS DS CENTROS DE APRENDIZADO URBANO E RURAL DA FACULDADE DE HIGIENE E SAÚDE PÚBLICA DA UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Teixeira Maria Silvana
Published: November 2014

We find in this paper the results of a study made with the aim of finding out how is employed the time of the public health nurses in the Health Centers of the School of Publich Health - University of São Paulo. Having in mind te limitations of a study of this kind it was possible to arrive at the following conclusion: The deficiency of nursing personnel in both services is avoiding a better use of their nurses time in the various aspects of the public health nursing program. For this reason some important parts of such program cannot be done. It was suggested as a tentative recomendation, more use of auxiliary personnel. In our specific situation they should be "visitadoras" with in - service preparation, to work under direct and constant supervision of a public health nurse.
Revision of the genus Metallesthes Kraatz and description of Metallesthes anneliesae, a new species of Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Queensland and New South Wales, Australia
Authors: MOESENEDER CHRISTIAN H. , HUTCHINSON PAUL M. , LAMBKIN CHRISTINE L.
Published: November 2014

The endemic Australian flower chafer genus Metallesthes Kraatz, 1880 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) is revised. Metallesthes anneliesae Moeseneder & Hutchinson new species is described from southern Queensland and New South Wales. Metallesthes unicolor (Macleay, 1863) revised status is raised from synonymy with Metallesthes metallescens (White, 1859). Metallesthes metallescens and Metallesthes unicolor are redescribed and their holotypes are figured. A specimen bearing a Nonfried type label is designated as the lectotype of Metallesthes subpilosa Nonfried, 1891. Metallesthes subpilosa new synonymy is synonymised with Pseudoclithria ruficornis (Westwood, 1874). A key to the species of the genus is provided. Distribution maps are shown and known host plants are listed.
A new “Bat-Voiced” species of Dendropsophus Fitzinger, 1843 (Anura, Hylidae) from the Amazon Basin, Brazil
Authors: ORRICO VICTOR G. D. , PELOSO PEDRO L. V. , STURARO MARCELO J. , SILVA-FILHO HERIBERTO F. DA , NECKEL-OLIVEIRA SELVINO , GORDO MARCELO , FAIVOVICH JULIÁN , HADDAD CÉLIO F. B.
Published: November 2014

We describe Dendropsophus ozzyi sp. nov., a new species of treefrog, tentatively included in the Dendropsophus microcephalus Group and most notably diagnosed by the presence of pointed fingers and an advertisement call with a very high dominant frequency. The new species is known from three localities in the Brazilian Amazon forest, two on western State of Pará and one (the type locality) in eastern State of Amazonas (03°56’50”S and 58°26’36”W, 45 m a.s.l.).
Idealized Study of Ocean Impacts on Tropical Cyclone Intensity Forecasts
Authors: Halliwell G. R. , Gopalakrishnan S. , Marks F. , Willey D.
Published: November 2014

Idealized coupled tropical cyclone (TC) simulations are conducted to isolate ocean impacts on intensity forecasts. A one-dimensional ocean model is embedded into the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) mesoscale atmospheric forecast model. By inserting an initial vortex into a horizontally uniform atmosphere above a horizontally uniform ocean, the SST cooling rate becomes the dominant large-scale process controlling intensity evolution. Westward storm translation is introduced by bodily advecting ocean fields toward the east. The ocean model produces a realistic cold wake structure allowing the sensitivity of quasi-equilibrium intensity to storm (translation speed, size) and ocean (heat potential) parameters to be quantified. The atmosphere provides feedback through adjustments in 10-m temperature and humidity that reduce SST cooling impact on quasi-equilibrium intensity by up to 40%. When storms encounter an oceanic region with different heat potential, enthalpy flux adjustment is governed primarily by changes in air–sea temperature and humidity differences that respond within 2–4 h in the inner-core region, and secondarily by wind speed changes occurring over a time interval up to 18 h after the transition. Atmospheric feedback always acts to limit the change in enthalpy flux and intensity through adjustments in 10-m temperature and humidity. Intensity change is asymmetric, with a substantially smaller increase for storms encountering larger heat potential compared to the decrease for storms encountering smaller potential. The smaller increase results initially from the smaller wind speed present at the transition time plus stronger limiting atmospheric feedback. The smaller wind speed increase resulting from these two factors further enhances the asymmetry.
Hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of metal values from spent lithium-ion batteries in citric acid media
Authors: Chen Xiangping , Zhou Tao
Published: November 2014

In this paper, a hydrometallurgical process has been proposed to recover valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries in citric acid media. Leaching efficiencies as high as 97%, 95%, 94%, and 99% of Ni, Co, Mn, and Li were achieved under the optimal leaching experimental conditions of citric acid concentration of 2 mol L−1, leaching temperature of 80 °C, leaching time of 90 min, liquid–solid ratio of 30 ml g−1, and 2 vol. % H2O2. For the metals recovery process, nickel and cobalt were selectively precipitated by dimethylglyoxime reagent and ammonium oxalate sequentially. Then manganese was extracted by Na-D2EHPA and the manganese-loaded D2EHPA was stripped with sulfuric acid. The manganese was recovered as MnSO4 in aqueous phase and D2EHPA could be reused after saponification. Finally, lithium was precipitated by 0.5 mol L−1 sodium phosphate. Under their optimal conditions, the recovery percentages of Ni, Co, Mn, and Li can reach 98%, 97%, 98%, and 89%, respectively. This is a relatively simple route in which all metal values could be effectively leached and recovered in citric acid media.
Team Reflexivity as an Antidote to Team Information-Processing Failures
Authors: Schippers Michaéla C. , Edmondson Amy C. , West Michael A.
Published: November 2014

This article proposes that team reflexivity—a deliberate process of discussing team goals, processes, or outcomes—can function as an antidote to team-level biases and errors in decision making. We build on prior work conceptualizing teams as information-processing systems and highlight reflexivity as a critical information-processing activity. Prior research has identified consequential information-processing failures that occur in small groups, such as the failure to discuss privately held relevant information, biased processing of information, and failure to update conclusions when situations change. We propose that team reflexivity reduces the occurrence of information-processing failures by ensuring that teams discuss and assess the implications of team information for team goals, processes, and outcomes. In this article, we present a model of team information-processing failures and remedies involving team reflexivity, and we discuss the conditions under which team reflexivity is and is not likely to facilitate performance.
High day 28 ST2 levels predict for acute graft-versus-host disease and transplant-related mortality after cord blood transplantation
Authors: Ponce Doris M. , Hilden Patrick , Mumaw Christen , Devlin Sean M. , Lubin Marissa , Giralt Sergio , Goldberg Jenna D. , Hanash Alan , Hsu Katharine , Jenq Robert , Perales Miguel-Angel , Sauter Craig , van den Brink Marcel R. M. , Young James W. , Brentjens Renier , Kernan Nancy A. , Prockop Susan E. , O’Reilly Richard J. , Scaradavou Andromachi , Paczesny Sophie , Barker Juliet N.
Published: November 2014

Key Points

ST2 is independently associated with aGVHD after day 28 in cord blood transplantation recipients. High ST2 levels predict for increased TRM in cord blood transplantation recipients.
A methodology for stochastic analysis of share prices as Markov chains with finite states
Authors: Mettle Felix Okoe , Quaye Enoch Nii Boi , Laryea Ravenhill Adjetey
Published: November 2014

Price volatilities make stock investments risky, leaving investors in critical position when uncertain decision is made. To improve investor evaluation confidence on exchange markets, while not using time series methodology, we specify equity price change as a stochastic process assumed to possess Markov dependency with respective state transition probabilities matrices following the identified state pace (i.e. decrease, stable or increase). We established that identified states communicate, and that the chains are aperiodic and ergodic thus possessing limiting distributions. We developed a methodology for determining expected mean return time for stock price increases and also establish criteria for improving investment decision based on highest transition probabilities, lowest mean return time and highest limiting distributions. We further developed an R algorithm for running the methodology introduced. The established methodology is applied to selected equities from Ghana Stock Exchange weekly trading data.
Case report on the recurrence of tuberculosis of hip after 40 years
Authors: Jeddo Salim , Huang Chuan Wang , Li Ming
Published: November 2014

Tuberculosis of joints is relatively rare condition and. is associated with varied degree of immobility as well as other limitations. Tuberculosis of hip joint results in a remarkable decline in the living standard of the patients since hip joint has a wide range of function in daily movements apart from being the pivotal weight bearing joint in human body. The degeneration of hip joint culminates into long term morbidity for the patient. In this case report we present a patient who had suffered from the tuberculosis of hip joint 40 years before and had received the standard anti-tuberculosis chemotherapeutic regimen with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol. After treatment, the patient had some degree of relief from the pain however the movement of the hip joint was restricted; the restriction increasing progressively since. On diagnostic testing he was found to have a recurrence of tuberculosis along with the old scar tissue left by the primary condition. The patient was assessed thoroughly after which total hip replacement surgery was performed along with the adhesiolysis. The patient made a remarkable recovery after the surgery with a considerable increased range of movement in his hip joint.
Evolution of extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosisfrom a susceptible ancestor in a single patient
Authors: Eldholm Vegard , Norheim Gunnstein , von der Lippe Bent , Kinander Wibeke , Dahle Ulf R , Caugant Dominique A , Mannsåker Turid , Mengshoel Anne Torunn , Dyrhol-Riise Anne Ma , Balloux Francois
Published: November 2014

Background

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is characterized by a low mutation rate and a lack of genetic recombination. Yet, the rise of extensively resistant strains paints a picture of a microbe with an impressive adaptive potential. Here we describe the first documented case of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis evolved from a susceptible ancestor within a single patient.

Results

Genome sequences of nine serial M. tuberculosis isolates from the same patient uncovered a dramatic turnover of competing lineages driven by the emergence, and subsequent fixation or loss of single nucleotide polymorphisms. For most drugs, resistance arose through independent emergence of mutations in more than one clone, of which only one ultimately prevailed as the clone carrying it expanded, displacing the other clones in the process. The vast majority of mutations identified over 3.5 years were either involved in drug resistance or hitchhiking in the genetic background of these. Additionally, RNA-sequencing of isolates grown in the absence of drug challenge revealed that the efflux-associated iniBAC operon was up-regulated over time, whereas down-regulated genes include those involved in mycolic acid synthesis.

Conclusions

We observed both rapid acquisitions of resistance to antimicrobial compounds mediated by individual mutations as well as a gradual increase in fitness in the presence of antibiotics, likely driven by stable gene expression reprogramming. The rapid turnover of resistance mutations and hitchhiking neutral mutations has major implications for inferring tuberculosis transmission events in situations where drug resistance evolves within transmission chains.
Translating genomics research into control of tuberculosis: lessons learned and future prospects
Authors: Warner Digby F , Mizrahi Valerie
Published: November 2014

Genomics research has enabled crucial insights into the adaptive evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as an obligate human pathogen. Here, we highlight major recent advances and evaluate the potential for genomics approaches to inform tuberculosis control efforts in high-burden settings.
Empowering African genomics for infectious disease control
Authors: Folarin Onikepe A , Happi Anise N , Happi Christian T
Published: November 2014

At present, African scientists can only participate minimally in the genomics revolution that is transforming the understanding, surveillance and clinical treatment of infectious diseases. We discuss new initiatives to equip African scientists with knowledge of cutting-edge genomics tools, and build a sustainable critical mass of well-trained African infectious diseases genomics scientists.
High performance green barriers based on nanocellulose
Authors: Nair Sandeep S , Zhu JY , Deng Yulin , Ragauskas Arthur J
Published: November 2014

With the increasing environmental concerns such as sustainability and end-of-life disposal challenges, materials derived from renewable resources such as nanocellulose have been strongly advocated as potential replacements for packaging materials. Nanocellulose can be extracted from various plant resources through mechanical and chemical ways. Nanocellulose with its nanoscale dimensions, high crystalline nature, and the ability to form hydrogen bonds resulting in strong network makes it very hard for the molecules to pass through, suggesting excellent barrier properties associated with films made from these material. This review paper aim to summarize the recent developments in various barrier films based on nanocellulose with special focus on oxygen and water vapor barrier properties.
A high-sensitivity MEMS-based accelerometer
Authors: Laine Jérôme , Mougenot Denis
Published: November 2014

A new generation of accelerometers based on a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) can deliver broadband (0 to 800 Hz) and high-fidelity measurements of ground motion even at a low level. Such performance has been obtained by using a closed-loop configuration and a careful design which greatly mitigates all internal mechanical and electronic noise sources. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio toward the low frequencies at which instrument noise increases, a new MEMS has been developed. It provides a significantly lower noise floor (at least −10 dB) and thus a higher dynamic range (+10 dB). This performance has been tested in an underground facility where conditions approach the minimum terrestrial noise level. This new MEMS sensor will even further improve the detection of low frequencies and of weak signals such as those that come from deep targets or from microseismic events.
Contentious Issues of Legislation on Administrative Liability of Legal Persons
Authors: Seleznev Vladimir
Published: November 2014

There are legal entities administrative responsibilities points considered in the article. It is noticed that the main tendency in the Russian Federation Administrative Violations Code (AVC of RF) changes are the administrative responsibility aggravation, itemization of the existed and initiation of new administrative violations sets. The separate AVC of RF norms sanction a considerable minimal value of the administrative financial penalty for legal entities that substantially limits the freedom of enterprise and the private ownership rights. In recognition of the mentioned tendency the point of the possibility to sanction an administrative financial penalty in the lower than the lowest level taking into account the property status and financial situation of the legal entity is reasonable. Indicated the necessity of administrative punishment kinds systematization, the correlation of administrative punishment and applications criteria ascertaining, foreseeing the possibility of their replaceability. Considered the examples of the administrative violations court practice, for which the relevant article of AVC of RF prescribes the alternative punishment as a financial punishment or administrative suspension of the activity. Analyzed the curt legal stance concerning the replacement of the administrative financial punishment to the administrative suspension of activity. Proved the conclusion that the assignment of a punishment as an administrative financial punishment, which minimal value considerably exceeds one hundred thousand rubles, can substantially affect the company financial and economic activity and make worse it’s situation more than assignment of a punishment as an administrative suspension of activity.
Form and Content of Principles of Civil Procedural Law
Authors: Fedina Anzhelika
Published: November 2014

The article deals with studying of the form and contents of the principles of law of civil procedure, their correlation. The content of the principle is studied through its structure as a totality of its imperatives and properties. According to the author, organization of principles of law of civil procedure is actually the composition and correlation of theirs parts. Every principle of law of civil procedure includes separate compulsory law requirements, closely connected with each other. Special attention is paid in the article to the nature and meaning of exceptions in theprinciples of law of civil procedure. In the author’s opinion, in a wide-sense the content of the principles is revealed through the whole complex of its law properties — systemacy, standards, formal distinctness, being compulsory, etc. Therefore the content of the principles of law of civil procedure is the integrity of all the components of their properties (features) and elements. The form of fixing of the principles of law of civil procedure expresses organization of their contents in the law of civil procedure. The article deals with forms of fixing of the principles of law of civil procedure as the principles of ideas or norms-principles. The content of the principles of law of civil procedure depends on the development of science, and their form — on the development of the law. Since scientific law doctrine is always more dynamic than law-making activity, the contents of the principles leaves behind their form.
Forms of Competition and Outcomes in Dual Distribution Channels: The Distributor’s Perspective
Authors: Sa Vinhas Alberto , Heide Jan B.
Published: November 2014

The focus of this paper is dual distribution channels in business-to-business markets. We take the perspective of the distributor, and examine how different forms of competition with a manufacturer-owned channel impact distributor opportunism. Next, we consider how the same forms of competition impact the distributor’s end customers. Based on a multi-industry field study of industrial distributors, we highlight the complex processes that characterize dual distribution systems. We show that while competition with a manufacturer-owned channel increases distributor opportunism, it also has the potential to benefit the distributor’s end customers. In addition, although actions taken by a manufacturer to create vertical separation between channels limit competition, such actions also reduce end customer satisfaction.
Efficacy of musculoskeletal assessment services
Authors: Farrar Greville , Ghalayini Nadia , Raut Videsh
Published: November 2014

It is important that the clinical effectiveness of referral pathways brought in to streamline patient care are critically evaluated. One such pathway for orthopaedic patients is a musculoskeletal community assessment triage service (MCATS). This study examines the service for patients with hip or knee complaints in comparison with referral directly to secondary care. A single general practice referred 432 patients with hip or knee complaints over a 5-year period: 226 through MCATS and 206 directly to secondary care. Time to initial consultation was 4 days longer, on average, in secondary care (p=0.05), but time from referral to achieving a working diagnosis was 11 days longer for MCATS patients (p<0.001), with more consultations required (p<0.001). Overall, the use of cross-sectional imaging was greater at MCATS than in secondary care (p=0.04). Patients referred directly to secondary care required surgical management more frequently (36% vs 16%; p<0.001). GPs can triage patients effectively who are likely to require surgery when referring to hip and knee services. Patients referred to MCATS require more consultations, undergo more cross-sectional imaging and wait longer before a working diagnosis is established, when compared with direct referral to secondary care.
Preoperative fluid restrictions: hospital policy and clinical practice
Authors: Seymour Susan
Published: November 2014

This study examined the practice of preoperative fluid restrictions and the influence of the hospital ‘nil by mouth’ policy on clinical practice. Structured interviews were used to assess the knowledge of nurses and anaesthetists relating to current hospital policy, their attitudes to fluid fasting and the constituents of clear fluids. The interval between the last intake of fluid and the induction of anaesthesia was measured in 90 adult patients to determine actual periods of fasting. It was found that most patients on the same operating list commenced fasting simultaneously with little or no attempt made to individualize the timing which contributed to prolonged periods without fluids, ranging from 3 hours 30 minutes to 17 hours and 45 minutes. Only 30% of nurses were aware of the hospital policy compared with 75% of anaesthetists. The evidence from this study demonstrated that the hospital policy was not reflected in clinical practice which continued to be based on tradition.