bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mendesain Pembangunan Berdasar Perspektif Sosial Budaya
Authors: Thohir Mudjahirin
Published: July 2019

The development is a deliberate design of cultural change to improve peple’s live.  Change in people knowledge , behavior, or its facilities. However, the people who were  the target of the development,  not necessarily accept it. Why? It is related to how the strategy to bringing together the understanding between  goverment, people, and the development executor.
Analisis Pernyataan “Utamakan Bahasa Indonesia”: “Ada Apa dan Mengapa?”
Authors: Setyadi Ary
Published: July 2019

The statement "PRIORITY ENGLISH" is interestingly discussed, because it evokes a speaker's reaction; so that there is an "interpretation": What is it? "what is the command: appeal, petition, solicitation, warning, concern, concern and command of suspicion. The existing statement as the CAPS, while the "interpretation" as the CONSEQUENCES. From the question "What's wrong?" The question "Why?" As the "(basic) cause" of the seventh "interpretation" came into question. The answer to the question "Why" includes: dynamic, prestige, mixed code, (result) vocabulary wealth, (for) simplicity of form, (more) communicative, and (easy) vocabulary. The research method is based on three strategic stages, namely: 1. the data collection stage, that is by utilizing the interview and study (to) the library (an); 2. phase classification and data analysis, namely classification efforts based on the reference content of the meaning of data groups; while data analysis bases the application of linguistic theory, semantic fields and (theory) pragmatics. The application of linguistic theory, the semantic field, for the classification of data on the findings of "interpretation". The analytical method is based on "direct element division (IC), by technique: substitution, expansion, and paraphrase. While the application of (theory) pragmatic basing on `principle of cooperation`, namely` maxim implementation`; and `courtesy principle`, ie` match maxim`. The application of both theories is complementary.
Makna Seksualitas dalam Naskah Sastra Pesantren
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad
Published: July 2019

The study of “Uqudullujjain Fi Huqquq Azzaujain” text shows that there is strong gender bias and sexual in the discourse of pesantren literature. It can be seen, among others, from the domestication of women in household.  For example, women are suggested to work at home (doing things around the well, bedroom, and kitchen). Women are supposed to be housewives, and so they are prohibited to work outside their home, and they are given limited access to go outside. However, time has changed gender perspective. Nowadays there has been development of new advances occurring among pesantren leaders. For example, there are many Muslim women who work in economic or politic sectors as mass leaders, regents, mayors and district or village heads.  This certainly shows interesting opportunities for women to be equal to men. Therefore, in the future, women will be able to be more independent, strong, and even they can obtain good achievements.
Fungsi Sosial-Kultural Sastra: Memajukan Kebudayaan dan Mengembangkan Peradaban
Authors: Noor Redyanto
Published: July 2019

There are three important social-cultural functions of literary works. First, the assumption that literary work is at the same level as the work of a priest or prophet. Second, the notion that the most important thing for the literary work is entertains. Third, the assumption that literary works should teach something with using entertaining system. The linkage of literary works to social-cultural systems can be further known by studying the value of relationships in literary works with the value of system in society. The value in literature is the system of social norms imposed in literary works, and the value of system in society is the norm system prevailing in the daily life of society. Ideally literary works should bring innovation, means renewal to the society. Therefore, the deviations of values in literary works do not imply the defiance of the standard conventions of social norms. Such deviations signify the creation of cultural dynamics, the establishment of new values. At the same time its open opportunities for people to move continuously, reconstructing thought to become more critical, analytical, and humanistic.
Menanggapi Pujian dalam Bahasa Jawa di Semarang
Authors: Chandra Oktiva Herry , Marsono Marsono , Suhandano Suhandano
Published: July 2019

Compliment response to a speaker is not a simple task. It often makes speaker in a problematic position among receivers either avoiding disagreement or refraining from implying self-praise. The interesting is that people in every culture background getting involved in this dilema try to find out a way that is able to minimize the potential of making inconvenience by proposing several strategies. The strategies are mainly determined by the culture of the speaker. In Javanese culture, people believe that the good way in establishing relationship with others is being modesty. Javanese have special term for this act, namely andhap ashor. This article aims in explaining the choice of strategies by Javanese. This will reveal the way of Javanese think. The data were collected by the use of observation supported by recording and note-taking technique, and interview. The results shows there are three macro strategies, namely agrreement, nonagreement and request interpretation. These three, then, are broken down into several micro strategies. The choice is based on the obedience to the politeness principles in Javanese circumtances
Manufacturing proximity through film remakes: Remake rights representatives and the case of local-language comedy remakes
Authors: Labayen Miguel Fernández , Morán Ana Martín
Published: July 2019

This article analyzes the industrial and cultural dynamics of transnational film remakes, focusing on the recent rise of remake rights representatives and the production of comedy remakes for local-language markets. Through the use of in-depth interviews with remake rights representatives and the analysis of primary and secondary sources, we scrutinize the strategies of these players in mediating the production processes of remaking foreign popular films into local-language hits. The article takes on two tasks: First, it dissects the work of the different agents at play in buying and selling remake rights and examines their business models and tactics; second, it looks at the generic contents that these agents are circulating through selected catalogs. In this context, comedy becomes a privileged interface to link diverse national markets and manufacture an ideal of proximity, whereby foreign popular comedies – unknown to local audiences – are remade with a local flavor and presented as ‘new’ national hits.
Zur narrativen Raumkonstruktion des Märchenschlosses
Authors: Messerli Alfred
Published: July 2019

Märchenschlösser müssen im Zaubermärchen narrativ konstruiert werden. Drei Aspekte spielen dabei eine wichtige Rolle: die Ökonomie in der Raumorganisation, die diskontinuierliche Ordnung der Raumauffassung und die Bedeutung der Erzählperspektive.
Ordnung, Kontingenz, Krise – Zur Narratologie des Schlosses
Authors: Dümling Sebastian
Published: July 2019

Der Beitrag geht der These nach, dass der Handlungsort Schloss in populären Erzählungen die Hauptfunktion hat, den Verlust institutionalisierter Welterschließung und mögliche Reaktionen auf die damit zusammenhängende Kontingenzerfahrung durchzuspielen. Idealiter sind Schlösser umschlossene Räume, die Erfahrungs-, Wissens-, Wertesysteme abschließen. Schlösser erweisen sich als besonders anfällig für Störungen, für Einbrüche von Alterität und Kontingenz, weil bereits kleine Irritationen Krisen innerhalb der abgeschlossenen Ordnung auslösen können. Insofern besitzen Schlösser die dialektische Erzählfunktion, Ordnung zunächst zu objektivieren und dann zu stören.
Multi-Objective Optimization and Quality Evaluation of Short- and Medium-Wave Infrared Radiation Dried Carrot Slices
Authors: Chen Qinqin , Song Huihui , Bi Jinfeng , Chen Ruijuan , Liu Xuan , Wu Xinye , Hou Haonan
Published: July 2019

Optimum technology and quality evaluation of short- and medium-wave infrared radiation (SMIR) dried carrot slices were studied. Effects of drying temperature, drying time and infrared power of SMIR drying on the moisture content, color parameter and β-carotene content of dehydrated carrot slices were investigated. The experimental data were well predicted by a modified second-order polynomial model. Drying temperature and drying time had significant effects on moisture content, color parameter and β-carotene content. However, infrared power only showed significant effect on the moisture content. Response surface method (RSM) was used for optimization of SMIR drying of carrot slices, and the optimum condition was found as drying time of 50 min, infrared power of 1125 W, and drying temperature of 70 °C. SMIR dried products were proved to be favorable by comparing with hot-air dried ones due to its higher rehydration ratio (6.89) and β-carotene content (462.48 μg/g).
Breeding maize under biodynamic-organic conditions for nutritional value and N efficiency/N2 fixation
Authors: Goldstein W. , Jaradat A.A. , Hurburgh C. , Pollak L.M. , Goodman M.
Published: July 2019

An overview is given for an ongoing maize breeding program that improves populations, inbreds, and hybrids in the Midwestern USA. Breeding and selection occurred under biodynamic conditions in Wisconsin, on an organic winter nursery in Puerto Rico, a biodynamic winter nursery in Hawaii, and a conventional winter nursery in Chile. Emphasis is on improving protein quality, carotenoid content, competitiveness with weeds, nitrogen (N) efficiency/N2 fixation, and cross incompatibility to pollen from genetically engineered (GE) maize. Philosophy is that the plant species is a responding partner in the breeding process. Adaptation and selection emphasizes vigor and yield under N limited conditions. The Ga1 and Tcb1 alleles were utilized to induce cross incompatibility. The program resulted in inbreds and hybrids with increased N efficiency and protein quality coupled with softer grain texture, more chlorophyll in foliage, and densely branched root growth in the topsoil relative to conventionally bred cultivars under N limited conditions. Grain protein quality was improved by utilizing opaque kernels that emerged in populations during the course of the program in surprisingly high frequencies. N efficiency was accentuated by breeding with landraces that may fix N2 with microbes coupled with selection for response traits under N-limited conditions. When grown next to conventional hybrids, the best hybrids from this program have exhibited 30% more methionine and 16% more protein in grain and more protein/ha.
Fluconazole treatment in severe ectopic Cushing syndrome
Authors: Canteros Teresa M , De Miguel Valeria , Fainstein-Day Patricia
Published: July 2019

Severe Cushing syndrome (SCS) is considered an emergency that requires immediate treatment to lower serum cortisol levels. Fluconazole may be considered an alternative treatment in Cushing syndrome when ketoconazole is not tolerated or unavailable. We report a 39-year-old woman with a history of partial pancreaticoduodenectomy due to a periampullary neuroendocrine tumor with locoregional extension. Three years after surgery, she developed liver metastases and was started on 120 mg of lanreotide/month, despite which, liver metastases progressed in the following 6 months. The patient showed extreme fatigue, muscle weakness, delirium, moon face, hirsutism and severe proximal weakness. Laboratory tests showed anemia, hyperglycemia and severe hypokalemia. 24-h urinary free cortisol: 2152 nmol/day (reference range (RR): <276), morning serum cortisol 4883.4 nmol/L (RR: 138–690), ACTH 127.3 pmol/L (RR: 2.2–10). She was diagnosed with ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS). On admission, she presented with acute upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding and hemodynamic instability. Intravenous fluconazole 400 mg/day was started. After 48 h, her mental state improved and morning cortisol decreased by 25%. The dose was titrated to 600 mg/day which resulted in a 55% decrease in cortisol levels in 1 week, but then had to be decreased to 400 mg/day because transaminase levels increased over 3 times the upper normal level. After 18 days of treatment, hemodynamic stability, lower cortisol levels and better overall clinical status enabled successful bilateral adrenalectomy. This case report shows that intravenous fluconazole effectively decreased cortisol levels in SCS due to EAS.

Learning points:

Severe Cushing syndrome can be effectively treated with fluconazole to achieve a significant improvement of hypercortisolism prior to bilateral adrenalectomy.

Intravenous fluconazole is an alternative treatment when ketoconazole is not tolerated and etomidate is not available.

Fluconazole is well tolerated with mild side effects. Hepatotoxicity is usually mild and resolves after drug discontinuation.
The miRNAs miR-211-5p and miR-204-5p modulate ER stress in human beta cells
Authors: Grieco Fabio Arturo , Schiavo Andrea Alex , Brozzi Flora , Juan-Mateu Jonas , Bugliani Marco , Marchetti Piero , Eizirik Décio L
Published: July 2019

miRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by insulitis (islets inflammation) and pancreatic beta cell destruction. The pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 beta (IL1B) and interferon gamma (IFNG) are released during insulitis and trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and expression of pro-apoptotic members of the BCL2 protein family in beta cells, thus contributing to their death. The nature of miRNAs that regulate ER stress and beta cell apoptosis remains to be elucidated. We have performed a global miRNA expression profile on cytokine-treated human islets and observed a marked downregulation of miR-211-5p. By real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, we confirmed cytokine-induced changes in the expression of miR-211-5p and the closely related miR-204-5p and downstream ER stress related genes in human beta cells. Blocking of endogenous miRNA-211-5p and miR-204-5p by the same inhibitor (it is not possible to block separately these two miRs) increased human beta cell apoptosis, as measured by Hoechst/propidium Iodide staining and by determination of cleaved caspase-3 activation. Interestingly, miRs-211-5p and 204-5p regulate the expression of several ER stress markers downstream of PERK, particularly the pro-apoptotic protein DDIT3 (also known as CHOP). Blocking CHOP expression by a specific siRNA partially prevented the increased apoptosis observed following miR-211-5p/miR-204-5p inhibition. These observations identify a novel crosstalk between miRNAs, ER stress and beta cell apoptosis in early type 1 diabetes.
Inhibition of EGFR-STAT3 attenuates cardiomyopathy in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes
Authors: Luo Wu , Huang Lan , Wang Jingying , Zhuang Fei , Xu Zheng , Yin Haimin , Qian Yuanyuan , Liang Guang , Zheng Chao , Wang Yi
Published: July 2019

Emerging evidence implicates elevated activity of STAT3 transcription factor in driving the development and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). We hypothesized that the fibrosis-promoting and hypertrophic actions of STAT3 are linked to the activation by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We tested this hypothesis by challenging cultured cardiomyocytes to high-concentration glucose and heart tissues of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mice. Our results indicated that, in diabetic mice, the blockade of STAT3 or EGFR using selective inhibitors S3I-201 and erlotinib, respectively, abrogated the increased activating STAT3 phosphorylation and the induction of genes regulating fibrosis and hypertrophy in myocardial tissue. S3I-201 and erlotinib significantly reduced myocardial structural and functional deficits in diabetic mice. In cultured cardiomyocytes, high-concentration glucose induced EGFR-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation. We further showed that blockade of STAT3 or EGFR using selective inhibitors and siRNAs significantly reduced the increased expression of genes known to promote fibrosis and hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes. These results provide novel evidence that the EGFR-STAT3 signaling axis likely plays a crucial role in the development and progression of DCM.
Individual investor investment alternatives assessment criteria modelling
Authors: Kiyak Deimena
Published: July 2019

Private investment is one of the most important people financial components. Basically, it is an investment activity undertaken by individuals. In most cases investment efforts are intended to ensure the financial security later in life. The choice of them is relatively wide. However, for individual investors information about this receipt flow frequent is limited or poorly accessible. Therefore individual investors potential types of investment choices, their benefits and disadvantages of summation research in this area is valuable, relevant and new, both in theoretical and practical terms. Objective of the study - conclude individual investors potential investment alternatives selection model under the most relevant criteria. For an individual investor to understand the possible role of investment and management capabilities article summarizes the works of scientists presented the concept of investment. Individual investor's investment - is the active use of money, during which the money earns money and work for people and the partially guarantees additional revenue, provide permanent capital increase to satisfy the personal needs, implementing personal financial goals. For individual investor is most relevant investment funds classify according to investment properties, investor type and by period of investment and risk levels. In order to evaluate the investment options preferred by an individual investor was identified seven individual investors potential investment alternatives evaluation criteria: low risk of losing money; a high return; the initial amount of capital; lack of knowledge; access to information; short payback period; lack of need for continuous investment. In Article individual investor's investment options structured, provided essential types of investments advantages and disadvantages, also investments divided into two main groups. 1. Investment alternatives that do not require a large initial capital or nor the additional knowledge, and with little risk of losing money, the long payback period, adequate information dissemination about them, but with little return (deposits, government saving measures, gold). 2. Investment options on which information is available in difficult, often require additional knowledge, a bigger risk of losing money, but a short payback period (stocks, real estate, art values).
Prof. Vladas Jurgutis on banks: his insights and their development in works Lithuanian author‘s
Authors: Mackevičius Jonas , Savickas Vilius
Published: July 2019

The article analyses prof. V. Jurgutis‘ thoughts, attitudes, ideas and suggestions towards the importance of banks, their management, competition among them, etc. The article presents the development of V. Jurgutis’ insights into bank performance in works of Lithuanian authors.

The study reveals that V. Jurgutis’ insights into banks’ performance is inestimable for Lithuanian banking science and practice professionals. Especially valuable are his thoughts and ideas towards the organization and rationalization of banks, their employee structure and relations, the competition and the expansion of banks. Statements formulated in prof. V. Jurgutis work "Banks" have encouraging influences on the growth of the effectiveness of bank performance, and are relevant to both the regulation of bank performance in Lithuania and the transition to Euro.

Therefore, with the consideration of today's realities, it is necessary to further analyse V. Jurgutis‘ scientific heritage and implement his ideas into practice.
Analysis of the accounting speciality collage graduates’ employment opportunities at the labour market in the context of the workforce supply and demand
Authors: Bagdonienė Audronė , Smolenskienė Fausta
Published: July 2019

The problems which young people face with in order to get employed and survive, to compete successfully in the labour market has always been relevant to the society. It is obvious that after the completion of the training institutions the graduates can hope to get employed if their specialty is in high demand in the labour market. Permanent labour market demand and supply indicators are monitored and analysis allows to foresee the changes of the tendencies and trends to find out which specialty is needed most and have the most job opportunities in the world of work. Therefore, the research problem is revealed by the following questions: What are the opportunities to get employed having accounting profession? Are the people, gained such education, in demand in the labour market?

The aim of the investigation – to evaluate the accounting specialty graduates’ employment opportunities in the labour market.

Youth situation in the labour market is not favourable, and still significant positive changes still are not visible, because in recent years in recent years there at the labour centre applied approximately 70 thousand young people under 25 and about 20 thousand graduates. However, an analysis of the need for accounting professionals and graduates who have acquired the specialty of integration into the labour market statistics show that the demand for these professionals is not decreasing. As pointed out by some labour market analysts, this is one of the most stable professions and such individuals have significant employment opportunities in this field. This is also confirmed by the results of analysis: every year, employers offer about 2-3 thousand jobs for accountants and book-keepers; there are favourable employment opportunities in all regions of the country, as more and more businessmen are choosing financial services companies receive all levels of accounting services; every year graduates, who have acquired the specialty, number is decreasing, so the competition is to prepare professionals in the labour market is weakening; vacancy rate remains stable (on average by 0.6 per cent.), excess supply in the market for these professionals is not high, i.e. 2 persons apply for 1 vacancy.
The effectiveness of ABC method in small companies
Authors: Klimaitienė Rūta , Rudžionienė Kristina , Verbliugevičiūtė Andželika
Published: July 2019

Under the current conditions of Economics, in order to keep competition it is necessary to possess not only good economical resources, but also to apply them relevantly in production and this is impossible without good administration in accounting of costs and productions costs. Before the calculation of product cost, first, it is necessary to know which costs and how many of them are included into the indicators of product cost. The validity and objectiveness of the obtained information depend on the preciseness of current cost distribution for the product cost.

Scientific problem – it is unclear how ABC method affects the calculation of partial cost in small companies. It is not clear which method of cost calculation is most beneficial to apply for small companies –it is necessary to research how to distribute indirect costs – either applying ABC system (activity based costing - ABC) or using more simple – traditional distribution methods. The object is ABC method. The aim is to research the application efficiency of ABC method in small companies.

In the first part there are analysed the pieces of research carried out by foreign authors investigating ABC method. There is executed the research in cost calculation in Lithuanian companies in order to identify if companies apply the following method, what benefit they receive and which difficulties they face. Having completed the analysis there were formulated advantages and disadvantages of the following method. In the second part, following the possessed cost calculation data of the company ‘Baldas’ there is compared the cost of the key company’s products calculated under traditional method and applying ABC method. It was indicated if it is useful for a company to apply ABC method for cost calculation.
Methodology for net profitability analysis
Authors: Labonaitė Gintarė , Subačienė Rasa
Published: July 2019

Every company, regardless of the type or size of business is aiming to achieve the best results. These results are usually related to the profit and the ways to improve it. However, profit line in absolute terms is not sufficient enough as an indicator of the company's performance. Therefore, instruments expressed in profitability ratios are used. While different authors reveal various aspects of the concept of profitability, overall profitability ratios could be assessed as the evaluation of activities‘ results and the relationship of the means used to achieve it.

Net profitability ratio is one of the main cornerstones in the process of company‘s performance evaluation. It provides information on the efficiency of company‘s main, other, financial and investment activities - the final result. In addition, the ratio helps to evaluate efficiency of financial resources management. The analysis of net profitability ratio and factors influencing it may help to determine which element could be adjusted or changed in order to improve the company‘s performance and to gain higher profits.

The article investigates evaluation of net profitability, provides methodology for net profitability analysis, based on the summary of the various authors researches of pyramid systems on influence of various factors to the subject ratios. Methodology of net profitability analysis includes such stages as selection of companies for comparison of information, assessing information sources, application of pyramid analysis system, evaluation of results based on selected company‘s data and data of Department of Statistics, conclusions and suggestions. Chosen ratios of pyramid analysis, which reveal factors affecting the net profitability, reflects aspects of evaluation of efficiency of the assets, equity and current assets to equity ratio. Information collecting, comparison, grouping, systematization, generalization and pyramid analysis methods were used in the research.
Research on entrepreneur identification
Authors: Giriūnas Lukas , Giriūnienė Gintarė
Published: July 2019

Recently entrepreneurship, promotion of it, development of support programmes for the creation and development of entrepreneurial entities is becoming a very common subject of not only scientific research. Thus, not every self-employed person or company, in its run or planned activities, can adopt or implement and develop entrepreneurship. So, not every business entity can distinguish for its entrepreneurship, therefore, one of the issues addressed in scientific literature is precisely identification of an entrepreneurial entity. Some researchers point out that an entrepreneurial entity is characterized by development, implementation, and enhancement of innovations, while others oppose to such a statement emphasizing that most attention should be given not to implementation of innovations, but to the preference for an aggressive market strategy. So, the article analyses the concept of an entrepreneurial entity and its features, and the main goal of the research is becoming an entrepreneurial entity identification. Analysis of the scientific literature suggests that not all entities can be called or considered entrepreneurial ones. Not all businesses, that employ the services of incubators, business information centres, technology parks, science parks, innovation centres, or other similar organizations, become entrepreneurial, so there can be no equality. Therefore, in order to consider an entity as entrepreneurial, it must not only be proactive, enterprising, venturous, open to novelty and innovation, tending to work together with academic institutions for marketing new, innovative goods and services, have sufficient skills in business management and development, exercise a decision-making influenced management structure, but also to seek a sustainable and long-term revenue rather than short-term and high-yield, treat business processes and their management as a priority, make an active use of state support for businesses, intensively pursue tax policies, and patronize a socially responsible approach to business. It should be emphasized that an entity with all the listed features that can be named as entrepreneurial, yet, we should not forget that it must try to stay the same, i.e., must be constantly evolving and heterogeneous.
Research on entrepreneurship indicators
Authors: Giriūnienė Gintarė
Published: July 2019

It should be noted that the optimal national economic promotion policy-making becomes more and more challenging, since economic growth is also more or less influenced by many external factors directly uncontrollable by the state. It is worthy of note that entrepreneurship is identified in economic literature as a very important factor directly influencing domestic economic activity and development despite the fact that there exists a large variety of entrepreneurship development needs and opportunities in different countries. An analysis of scientific literature has shown that the domestic entrepreneurial opportunity has indeed a significant impact on economic activity; however, the need for entrepreneurship has no effect on the national economy. Thus, for credible research, it is particularly important to analyze the very entrepreneurship-determining factors. While many of scientific literature sources argue that a key impact on entrepreneurship of a country is made namely by society, which chooses what to buy, how much money it has, and how it responds to one or another business, it should be emphasized that entrepreneurship is driven not only by consumers’ demands, but also by other entrepreneurship-determining factors, which can be divided into two main groups – internal and external. Comprehensive analysis of the factors influencing entrepreneurship demonstrates that self-employed individuals and companies have quite different opportunities for business development, leading to disparity in significance of internal and external factors that determine their entrepreneurship and effect on them. It should be emphasised that economic resources are quite restricted for self-employed persons and small businesses with relatively low capital in comparison with large enterprises; therefore, an impact of entrepreneurship-determining factors is extremely important to them. Findings of the research enable to suggest that a state, seeking to create a business and entrepreneurship development-friendly environment, must take into account not only the formation of internal and external factors determining the entrepreneurship, but also to evaluate an impact of the latter through two dimensions – self-employed individuals and companies in connection to the fact that all entrepreneurship-determining factors have a different significance and impact on these evaluation dimensions.
Hoaks Dalam Kajian Pemikiran Islam dan Hukum Positif
Authors: Ahmad Supriyadi , Hotimah Husnul
Published: July 2019

Abstract:Hoaks originating from "focus pocus" originally from Latin "hoc est corpus", means false news. Hoaks also comes from English, namely Hoax, which means fake news. Terminologically, hoax is a false message in an attempt to deceive or influence readers or dealers to believe something, even though the source of the news delivered is completely baseless. Ahead of the Legislative and Presidential Elections in Indonesia 2019, hoaks have entered the political sphere which can threaten the nation's unity and unity. In the perspective of Islamic thought, hoax is a public lie or dissemination of information that is misleading and even defame the other party. The hoax maker is classified as a party that harms others and the hoaxes made are categorized as ifki hadith or false news. Therefore, the perpetrators were threatened with very severe torture. In a positive legal perspective, hoax is a charge of false and misleading news, a content that creates hatred or hostility of certain individuals and/or groups based on ethnicity, religion, race, and between groups (SARA). The culprit can be punished with a maximum of ten years in prison.Keywords: Hoax, Islamic Studies, Positive Law. Abstrak:Hoaks yang berasal dari “hocus pocus” aslinya dari bahasa Latin “hoc est corpus”, berarti berita bohong. Hoaks juga berasal dari Bahasa Inggris Hoax, yang berarti berita palsu. Secara terminologis, hoaks merupakan sebuah pemberitaan palsu dalam usaha untuk menipu atau mempengaruhi pembaca atau pengedar untuk mempercayai sesuatu, padahal sumber berita yang disampaikan adalah palsu tidak berdasar sama sekali. Menjelang Pemilu Legislatif dan Pemilu Presiden di Indonesia tahun 2019, hoaks telah memasuki ranah politik yang dapat mengancam persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa. Dalam perspektif pemikiran Islam, hoaks adalah pembohongan publik atau penyebaran informasi yang menyesatkan dan bahkan menistakan pihak lain. Pembuat hoaks digolongkan sebagai pihak yang merugikan orang lain dan hoaks yang dibuatnya dikategorikan sebagai haditsul ifki atau berita bohong. Oleh karena itu, penyebarnya diancam dengan siksa yang sangat berat. Dalam perspektif hukum Positif, hoaks merupakan muatan berita bohong dan menyesatkan, muatan yang menimbulkan rasa kebencian atau permusuhan individu dan/atau kelompok masyarakat tertentu berdasarkan atas suku, agama, ras, dan antar golongan (SARA). Pelakunya dapat dihukum dengan penjara setinggi-tingginya sepuluh tahun.Kata Kunci: Hoaks, Kajian Islam, Hukum Positif
Keluarga Berencana Perspektif Ulama Hadis
Authors: Sari Emilia
Published: July 2019

Abstract:Family planning is a slogan in the modern era that dictates community members to plan the number of children to be born in a household. For this reason, pregnancy prevention is carried out with this family planning program. This program is carried out with medical technology tools that are modern and traditional. In the study of Islamic jurisprudence itself, there has been a way to prevent pregnancy behavior by way of Azl, even though it has drawn controversy and differences in views from the jurists. This behavior is considered by some experts as natural family behavior that is permissible. Further discussion will be explained in this paper.Keywords: Family Planning, Hadith, Law Abstrak: Keluarga berencana merupakan suatu slogan di era modern yang mendoktrin anggota masyarakat untuk melakukan perencanaan jumlah anak yang akan dilahirkan dalam suatu rumah tangga. Untuk itu dilakukan penanggulangan kehamilan dengan Program KB ini. Program ini dilakukan dengan alat teknologi kedokteran yang modern maupun dengan cara tradisional. Dalam kajian fiqih Islam sendiri pernah terjadi bagaimana perilaku pencegahan kehamilan dengan cara Azl, walaupun hal tersebut menuai kontroversi dan perbedaan pandangan dari para ahli fikih. Perilaku ini dianggap oleh sebagian ahli sebagai perilaku KB alami yang dibolehkan. Pembahasan lebih lanjut akan dijelaskan dalam makalah ini.Kata Kunci: Keluarga Berencana, Hadis, Hukum
Early-Onset Sepsis Risk Calculator Integration Into an Electronic Health Record in the Nursery
Authors: Stipelman Carole H. , Smith Elizabeth R. , Diaz-Ochu Margarita , Spackman Jennifer , Stoddard Greg , Kawamoto Kensaku , Shakib Julie H.
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

An early-onset sepsis (EOS) risk calculator tool to guide evaluation and treatment of infants at risk for sepsis has reduced antibiotic use without increased adverse outcomes. We performed an electronic health record (EHR)–driven quality improvement intervention to increase calculator use for infants admitted to a newborn nursery and reduce antibiotic treatment of infants at low risk for sepsis.

METHODS:

This 2-phase intervention included programming (1) an EHR form containing calculator fields that were external to the infant’s admission note, with nonautomatic access to the calculator, education for end-users, and reviewing risk scores in structured bedside rounds and (2) discrete data entry elements into the EHR admission form with a hyperlink to the calculator Web site. We used statistical process control to assess weekly entry of risk scores and antibiotic orders and interrupted time series to assess trend of antibiotic orders.

RESULTS:

During phase 1 (duration, 14 months), a mean 59% of infants had EOS calculator scores entered. There was wide variability around the mean, with frequent crossing of weekly means beyond the 3σ control lines, indicating special-cause variation. During phase 2 (duration, 2 years), mean frequency of EOS calculator use increased to 85% of infants, and variability around the mean was within the 3σ control lines. The frequency of antibiotic orders decreased from preintervention (7%) to the final 6 months of phase 2 (1%, P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

An EHR-driven quality improvement intervention increased EOS calculator use and reduced antibiotic orders, with no increase in adverse events.
NUEVAS IDEAS EN EL PENSAMIENTO LATINOAMERICANO EN ASUNTOS INTERNACIONALES
Authors: Bernal-Meza Raúl
Published: July 2019

El objetivo central es presentar las actuales contribuciones teóricas, doctrinarias y de praxis en relaciones internacionales y política exterior en América Latina. Se comienza por abordar el papel que las ideas tienen en dichas formulaciones, las fuentes de las que provienen y una breve revisión de la producción publicada previa a los aportes que se examinan. Luego de analizar los recientes ejemplos, en las conclusiones se sintetiza la importancia de las ideas para la construcción del regionalismo, la integración y la gobernanza.
EL CONCEPTO DE PLURALISMO IDEOLÓGICO EN AMÉRICA LATINA Y LA POLÍTICA EXTERIOR ARGENTINA (1971-1975)
Authors: Míguez María Cecilia
Published: July 2019

Este artículo tiene por objeto estudiar, interpretar e historizar el concepto de pluralismo ideológico en el contexto latinoamericano de la primera mitad de la década de los setenta. En los hechos, dicho concepto expresaría la promoción de relaciones internacionales con todos los países del mundo –reanudando incluso los vínculos con países socialistas–, pero en el marco de la puesta en práctica de un mayor grado de autonomía respecto de los Estados Unidos, cuestionando el orden interamericano y, al mismo tiempo, impulsando con un nuevo sentido la integración regional como base para el desarrollo. Analizaremos entonces la génesis de ese concepto o noción, su contenido y sus variantes, a través de aquellos elementos que consideraremos su amalgama en el continente latinoamericano. Luego estudiaremos en particular su recorrido y devenir en la Argentina en el periodo 1971-1975.
LOS ESTUDIOS INTERNACIONALES EN URUGUAY: LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN CAMPO DISCIPLINAR
Authors: Clemente Batalla Isabel
Published: July 2019

Aunque existen antecedentes de enseñanza universitaria sobre relaciones internacionales en cátedras de derecho internacional, la configuración de un plan de carrera en Uruguay se produce en la década de los años noventa en el contexto de la transición del régimen autoritario a la democracia. Este artículo examina el proceso de organización de los estudios universitarios de pregrado y posgrado en estudios internacionales. Los resultados del análisis demuestran la importancia del intercambio interdisciplinar entre economía, ciencia política y estudios de relaciones internacionales en la formulación del plan de estudios, en el desarrollo de la investigación y en la relación con centros académicos de la región. El documento está articulado en los siguientes ejes: elaboración conceptual, áreas temáticas de la investigación e incidencia del conocimiento en la sociedad.
RODOLFO STAVENHAGEN, LAS TESIS LATINOAMERICANAS
Authors: Garino Agustina
Published: July 2019

El libro escrito por Jorgelina Loza, Doctora en Ciencias sociales por la Universidad de Buenos Aires e investigadora asistente del Conicet en el Instituto Gino Germani y FLACSO Argentina, forma parte de la colección Pequeños libros de grandes pensadores de América Latina, editada por la Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento.1 Esta serie de publicaciones propone presentar una introducción al pensamiento político y social elaborado en nuestra región, ubicando lo latinoamericano2 en el centro del debate y, a su vez, planteando ¿por qué la necesidad de un pensamiento localizado? ¿cuál es la especificidad de lo latinoamericano? ¿por qué es importante reflexionar desde la región ? Con estos interrogantes esta serie de escritos se orienta hacia la construcción de ideas sobre lo común y lo diverso en nuestro territorio y nos invita a pensarnos desde nuestro lugar.
LAS ÉLITES Y LA POLÍTICA EXTERIOR COLOMBIANA (1958-2010). NUEVOS ENFOQUES PARA EL ESTUDIO DE LAS RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES DE COLOMBIA
Authors: Chacón Herrera Christian
Published: July 2019

Estudiar la política exterior colombiana genera siempre la curiosidad de encontrar hallazgos que superen los conocidos y repetidos latinajos de réspice polum, simillia, orbis o mundi y los adjetivos para el comportamiento exterior colombiano: activo/pasivo, perfil alto/bajo, alineado/no alineado a la potencia, respetuoso o no del derecho internacional. Pero estas dos compilaciones aportan al conocimiento y análisis de la política exterior colombiana y resultan novedosas en términos me todológicos, en sus puntos de partida y en la forma como debaten los consensos dominantes en el estudio del accionar exterior colombiano.
Argumentación para la paz. Avances y desafíos para su enseñanza, como parte de los acuerdos sobre participación política entre el Estado colombiano y las Farc-Ep
Authors: Cediel Gómez Yulia Katherine , Olave Arias Giohanny , Cisneros Estupiñán Mireya
Published: July 2019

El segundo punto del Acuerdo de Paz entre las Farc-Ep y el Estado colombiano involucra la educación para la paz, en el marco del reconocimiento de la oposición política y la divergencia de opiniones. La Cátedra de la Paz, como política pública, es central para alcanzar ese objetivo en tanto que regula un espacio curricular para todos los niveles educativos del país. Este artículo analiza la visión sobre el conflicto en los documentos principales de esa política, revisa en ellos la antítesis emociones/razones e interrelaciona estos dos elementos con el proyecto de enseñanza de la argumentación en los lineamientos y currículos. En las conclusiones, se insiste en el vínculo entre la Cátedra de la Paz y la implementación del Acuerdo firmado en 2016, especialmente en lo que concierne a transformaciones culturales en el ámbito del disenso, el conflicto y el diálogo argumentativo.
El eurocentrismo y su afectación a las competencias jurídicas de las comunidades étnicas en Colombia
Authors: Tapia Gutiérrez Asier , Rivas Otero José Manuel
Published: July 2019

El presente artículo realiza un análisis del modo en que un derecho internacional de características eurocéntricas continúa limitando las competencias jurídicas de las comunidades étnicas en Colombia, en tanto contradigan la sustancia cultural ínsita en su fundamentación, pese al progresivo avance de sus contenidos.
Control biológico: Camino a la agricultura moderna
Authors: Vinchira-Villarraga Diana Marcela , Moreno-Sarmiento Nubia
Published: July 2019

Históricamente, la agricultura ha sido la base del desarrollo y la subsistencia de la sociedad humana. De esta práctica se derivan buena parte de los alimentos básicos que conforman los pilares de la dieta de la población mundial, siendo por tanto un eje central en los planes de desarrollo de seguridad alimentaria. Sin embargo, se ha estimado que la productividad agrícola actual es insuficiente para cubrir la demanda de una población creciente.
Świadomość działania jako podstawa etycznego wartościowania
Authors: Drożdż Michał
Published: July 2019

Świadomość działania jako podstawa etycznego wartościowania. Racjonalność człowieka jest fundamentem etyki mediów, zarówno jako punkt wyjścia, jak i jako podstawowe kryterium wartościowania. Jeśli wartościowanie etyczne ma być prawdziwe, autentyczne, słuszne i odpowiedzialne, to musi się oprzeć na pewnym i trwałym fundamencie prawdy o człowieku. Czyn człowieka jest działaniem świadomym i wolnym. Dlatego też wymiar moralny mediów oraz etos medialny są ugruntowane i uwarunkowane świadomością i wolnością działania człowieka. Artykuł niniejszy jest próbą pokazania świadomości działania jako podstawy i kontekstu etycznego wartościowania ludzkich działań medialnych.
Świat wartości prawnych w mediach
Authors: Lizisowa Maria Teresa
Published: July 2019

Świat wartości prawnych w mediach. Przedmiotem uwagi w niniejszym artykule jest medialny przekaz wartości prawnych. Autorka zaproponowała analizę dyskursu publicznego wokół prawnych wartości normatywnych i prawnych wartości postulatywnych, będących przedmiotem interpretacji w obiegu społecznym oraz w reprezentacji, ocenie i kierowaniu opinią publiczną na ich temat w mediach. W artykule przedstawiła zatem trzy sposoby istnienia wartości, twierdząc, że wartości ustanowione obowiązują w świecie rzeczywistym przy ocenie faktów, ale w mediach są reprezentowane przez nadawców w kontekście demokracji liberalnej, elitystycznej lub uczestniczącej i deliberacyjnej, co umożliwia odbiorcom wybór opcji z jaką mogą się utożsamiać.
Telewizja i film – kanały komunikacji i ewangelizacji w świetle wybranych dokumentów Kościoła katolickiego
Authors: Wożniak-Kot Anna
Published: July 2019

W odniesieniu zarówno do filmu, jak i do telewizji stosunek Kościoła katolickiego zmieniał się – od negatywnego po pozytywny. Początkowa fascynacja filmem Leona XIII przerodziła się z czasem w niechęć i wrogość: film odciągał ludzi od Kościoła i wypierał z ich umysłów pierwiastki religijne. Przełomem była postawa Piusa XII, który nie zmienił merytorycznie katolickiej nauki o mediach, ale zmienił ton nauczania i spojrzenie na media. Pierwsza transmisja telewizyjna po II wojnie światowej miała miejsce we Francji w 1948 roku. Po tym wydarzeniu Kościół zaproponował swoje rozwiązania dotyczące przygotowania przekazów medialnych, formacji twórców i edukację odbiorców mediów. Artykuł jest syntetycznym ujęciem założeń co do stosowania, roli i korzystania z telewizji i filmu w misji Kościoła. W tym celu zostały przeanalizowane najważniejsze dokumenty Kościoła na temat mediów, opublikowane po soborze watykańskim II, oraz orędzia papieskie publikowane na Światowe Dni Środków Społecznego Przekazu.
Новітні аспекти стратегування розвитку виробничих підприємств України в умовах децентралізації
Authors: Некрасова Л. А.
Published: July 2019

В статті розглянуто сутність, відмінності та основні складові стратегування розвитку виробни-чих підприємств. Досліджено процес формування об’єднаних територіальних громад в Україні та за-пропоновано розглядати стратегічний розвиток виробничих підприємств в умовах децентралізації якпроцесу, що враховує поєднання територіального, галузевого, інноваційного та інтеграційного аспек-тів. Запропоновано розглядати територіально-виробниче утворення, як поєднання взаємопов’язаних івзаємообумовлених компонентів виробництва певної території на основі спільних інтересів господа-рюючих суб'єктів, завдяки якому забезпечується досягнення цілей сталого розвитку та узгоджена вза-ємодія між бізнесом, місцевою владою і соціумом. Представлено систематизацію ефективного інсти-туційного базису взаємодії ключових субрегіональних стейкхолдерів в процесі конструювання терито-ріально-виробничого утворення.