bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A multi-site German validation of the Interoceptive Accuracy Scale and its relation to psychopathological symptom burden
Authors: Brand Sebastian , Meis Annelie Claudia , Tünte Markus Roman , Murphy Jennifer , Woller Joshua Pepe , Jungmann Stefanie Maria , Witthöft Michael , Hoehl Stefanie , Weymar Mathias , Hermann Christiane , Ventura-Bort Carlos
Published: September 2023

Altered interoception is thought to be implicated in the development of psychopathology. Recent proposals highlight the need to differentiate between dimensions of interoception to better understand its relation to mental health. Here, we validated a German version of the Interoceptive Accuracy Scale (IAS) and investigated the relationship between IAS scores and clinical outcomes, across seven samples from four research centers (N = 3462). The German IAS version was best explained by a one-factor structure that showed acceptable psychometric properties. We replicated previous findings showing a negative association between IAS scores and measures of alexithymia. IAS scores were negatively related to measures of clinical symptomatology (e.g., anxiety, depressive, and somatoform symptoms) and neurotic traits. These findings suggest that the German IAS is a reliable and valid instrument for subjective interoceptive accuracy. Results emphasize the importance of distinguishing between dimensions of interoception to understand its potential modulatory and protective role in psychopathology.
Batch and continuous flow mechanochemical synthesis of organic compounds including APIs
Authors: Atapalkar Ranjit S. , Kulkarni Amol A.
Published: September 2023

Mechanochemistry is becoming an enabling technology for the synthesis of organic and inorganic compounds as well as for the synthesis of polymers as it underlines sustainability in a significant manner.
Protein conformational ensembles in function: roles and mechanisms
Authors: Nussinov Ruth , Liu Yonglan , Zhang Wengang , Jang Hyunbum
Published: September 2023

Protein conformational ensembles determine function: the most aggressive oncogenic K-Ras4B G12V mutant shifts the ensemble to the active state even when GDP-bound.
Electrochemical analysis of asymmetric supercapacitors based on BiCoO3@g-C3N4 nanocomposites
Authors: Varatharajan Pandiaraja , Shameem Banu I. B. , Mamat Mohamad Hafiz , Vasimalai Nagamalai
Published: September 2023

BiCoO3@g-C3N4 nanocomposite was synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The asymmetric supercapacitor device was prepared using BiCoO3@g-C3N4 nanocomposites and their supercapacitor properties were analyzed.
Structure and luminescence properties of single-component melilite Sr2MgSi2O7:Ce/Tb/Sm for n-UV wLEDs
Authors: Zheng X. Z. , Yue L. , Wang C. , Xia P. J. , Xu M. , Dai W. B.
Published: September 2023

The designed pc-wLED device via the novel remote ‘capping’ packaging method using the SMS:Ce/Tb/Sm and n-UV LED chip.
Carbon dots enhanced cold tolerance of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.): scavenging reactive oxygen species, modulating hormones and up-regulating gene expression
Authors: Cheng Bingxu , Ding Zicong , Yue Le , Chen Feiran , Cao Xuesong , Li Jing , Wang Chuanxi , Wang Zhenyu
Published: September 2023

Herein, carbon dots (CDs) improving lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) growth and cold tolerance under low-temperature stress (4 °C) were investigated.
Understanding the phytotoxic effects of CeO2 nanoparticles on the growth and physiology of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) in soil media
Authors: Xin Gui , Fan Shixian , Zhao Yong , Meng Qingguo , Li Xuanzhen , Zhang Fawen , Dong Chaonan , Jiao Chunlei , Xie Changjian , Ma Yuhui , He Xiao , Zhang Zhiming , Zhang Zhiyong
Published: September 2023

To investigate the phytotoxic effects of CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) on crops, soybean plants were cultivated in soil amended with CeO2 NPs at 0, 25, 75 and 225 mg kg−1 to maturity (96 days after sowing, DAS).
Microwave synthesis of Fe–Cu diatomic active center MOF: synergistic cyclic catalysis of persulfate for degrading norfloxacin
Authors: Yang Baocun , Huang Jing , Tong Jing , Peng Haihao , Xiang Yinping , Ruan Min , Chen Zhaomeng , Yang Zhaohui , Xiong Weiping
Published: September 2023

A heterostructured diatomic catalyst synthesized by a microwave hydrothermal method accelerates interfacial charge transfer and enhances the ability to treat antibiotic wastewater.
Atomically imaging single atom catalysts and their behaviors by scanning tunneling microscopy
Authors: Sun Hongli , Sun Like , Liao Yanglong , Zhou Zirui , Ding Jie , Song Shaotang , Liu Bin , Su Chenliang
Published: September 2023

STM is promising for atomically precise imaging of single-atom catalysts, including their geometric and electronic structures and their behaviors.
Highly active ZIF-8@CNT composite catalysts as cathode materials for anion exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Mooste Marek , Ahmed Zubair , Akula Srinu , Zekker Ivar , Marandi Margus , Käärik Maike , Leis Jaan , Kikas Arvo , Treshchalov Alexey , Otsus Markus , Aruväli Jaan , Kisand Vambola , Tamm Aile , Tammeveski Kaido
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the oxygen reduction reaction activity of transition-metal-doped ZIF-8 and carbon-nanotube-based composite catalysts in alkaline media and their performance in anion-exchange membrane fuel cells using an Aemion+® 15 μm AEM.
Post-thaw application of ROCK-inhibitors increases cryopreserved T-cell yield
Authors: Gonzalez-Martinez Natalia , Gibson Matthew I.
Published: September 2023

The post-thaw yield of cryopreserved T-cells is shown to be increased by addition of a ROCK inhibitor.
Aluminium-catalysed synthesis of aryl enol ethers from phenols and dimethyl ketals
Authors: Kobayashi Kwihwan , Komatsuzaki Shingo , Onozawa Shun-ya , Masuda Koichiro , Kobayashi Shū
Published: September 2023

We have developed a new halide- and transition metal-free protocol for the synthesis of aryl enol ethers from phenols and dimethyl ketals, which are important intermediates or building blocks in organic synthesis and polymer chemistry.
DNA as highly biocompatible carriers for drug delivery
Authors: Han Gui-Mei , Liu Bo , Kong De-Ming , Zhu Li-Na
Published: September 2023

This review aims to provide an overview of existing research on the use of various nucleic acid-based nanocarriers for drug delivery and summarize recent advances, including targeting strategies of DNA-based carriers, and the types of drugs that can be incorporated into the carriers.
NBN embedded phenalenes as a new class of zigzag type polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for explosive detection
Authors: Xu Han , Yao Junxiong , Tu Wenjue , Zheng Xiaomin , Fu Huimin , Xu Qixing , Zhang Shengting , Li Jiaqi , Wang Hanbin , Fang Jie , Yang Jing , Xu Changlong , Cao Xiaohua , Huang Huanan
Published: September 2023

A concise palladium-catalyzed cyclization strategy and produce a diverse library of NBN-phenalenes was reported.
Design and development of a low-cost imidazole-based hole transporting material for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Sadeghi Fatemeh , Pashaei Babak , Bideh Babak Nemati , Sabahi Negin , Shahroosvand Hashem , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja
Published: September 2023

Low-cost and facile synthesis routes of hole-transporting materials (HTMs) are promising approaches to minimize the total cost of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) on both laboratory and commercial scales.
Reference Values for Videofluoroscopic Measures of Swallowing: An Update
Authors: Steele Catriona M. , Bayley Mark T. , Bohn Mary Kathryn , Higgins Victoria , Peladeau-Pigeon Melanie , Kulasingam Vathany
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

It is essential that clinicians have evidence-based benchmarks to support accurate diagnosis and clinical decision making. Recent studies report poor reliability for diagnostic judgments and identifying mechanisms of impairment from videofluoroscopy (VFSS). Establishing VFSS reference values for healthy swallowing would help resolve such discrepancies. Steele et al. (2019) released preliminary reference data for quantitative VFSS measures in healthy adults aged < 60 years. Here, we extend that work to provide reference percentiles for VFSS measures across a larger age span.

Method:

Data for 16 VFSS parameters were collected from 78 healthy adults aged 21–82 years (39 male). Participants swallowed three comfortable sips each of thin, slightly, mildly, moderately, and extremely thick barium (20% w/v). VFSS recordings were analyzed in duplicate by trained raters, blind to participant and task, using the Analysis of Swallowing Physiology: Events, Kinematics and Timing (ASPEKT) Method. Reference percentiles (p2.5, 5, 25, 50, 75, 95, and 97.5) were determined as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute EP28-A3c guidelines.

Results:

We present VFSS reference percentile tables, by consistency, for (a) timing parameters (swallow reaction time; the hyoid burst–to–upper esophageal sphincter (UES)-opening interval; UES opening duration; time–to–laryngeal vestibule closure (LVC); and LVC duration) and (b) anatomically scaled pixel-based measures of maximum UES diameter, pharyngeal area at maximum pharyngeal constriction and rest, residue (vallecular, pyriform, other pharyngeal locations, total), and hyoid kinematics (X, Y, XY coordinates of peak position; speed). Clinical decision limits are proposed to demarcate atypical values of potential clinical concern.

Conclusion:

These updated reference percentiles and proposed clinical decision limits are intended to support interpretation and reliability for VFSS assessment data.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24043041
Integrated turbulence parameters' estimation from NAOMI adaptive optics telemetry data
Authors: Morujão Nuno , Correia Carlos , Andrade Paulo , Woillez Julien , Garcia Paulo
Published: September 2023

Context.Monitoring turbulence parameters is crucial in high-angular resolution astronomy for various purposes, such as optimising adaptive optics systems or fringe trackers. The former systems are present at most modern observatories and will remain significant in the future. This makes them a valuable complementary tool for the estimation of turbulence parameters.

Aims.The feasibility of estimating turbulence parameters from low-resolution sensors remains untested. We performed seeing estimates for both simulated and on-sky telemetry data sourced from the new adaptive optics module installed on the four Auxiliary Telescopes of the Very Large Telescope Interferometer.

Methods.The seeing estimates were obtained from a modified and optimised algorithm that employs a chi-squared modal fitting approach to the theoretical von Kármán model variances. The algorithm was built to retrieve turbulence parameters while simultaneously estimating and accounting for the remaining and measurement error. A Monte Carlo method was proposed for the estimation of the statistical uncertainty of the algorithm.

Results.The algorithm is shown to be able to achieve per-cent accuracy in the estimation of the seeing with a temporal horizon of 20 s on simulated data. A (0.76″ ± 1.2%|stat± 1.2%|sys) median seeing was estimated from on-sky data collected from 2018 to 2020. The spatial distribution of the Auxiliary Telescopes across the Paranal Observatory was found to not play a role in the value of the seeing.
Supermassive black hole wake or bulgeless edge-on galaxy?
Authors: Sánchez Almeida J.
Published: September 2023

Context. A recently discovered thin long object aligned with a nearby galaxy could be the stellar wake induced by the passage of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) kicked out from the nearby galaxy by the slingshot effect of a three-body encounter of SMBHs. Alternatively, the object could be a bulgeless edge-on galaxy coincidentally aligned with a second nearby companion. In contrast with the latter, the SMBH interpretation requires a number of unlikely events to happen simultaneously.

Aims. We aim to assign a probability of occurrence to the two competing scenarios.

Methods. The probability that the SMBH passage leaves a trace of stars is factorized as the product of the probabilities of all the independent events required for this to happen (PSMBH). Then, each factor is estimated individually. The same exercise is repeated with the edge-on galaxy interpretation (Pgalax).

Results. Our estimate yields log(Pgalax/PSMBH)≃11.4 ± 1.6, where the error is evaluated considering that both Pgalax and PSMBH are products of a large number of random independent variables. Based on the estimated probabilities, PSMBH < 6 × 10−17 and Pgalax > 1.4 × 10−5, we determined the number of objects to be expected in various existing, ongoing, and forthcoming surveys, as well as among all observable galaxies (i.e., when observing between 106 and 2 × 1012 galaxies). In the edge-on galaxy scenario, there are always objects to be detected, whereas in the SMBH scenario, the expectation is always compatible with zero.

Conclusions. Despite the appeal of the runaway SMBH explanation, arguments based on the Occam’s razor clearly favor the bulgeless edge-on galaxy interpretation. Our work does not rule out the existence of runaway SMBHs leaving stellar trails. It tells that the vD23 object is more likely to be a bulgeless edge-on galaxy.
CHEX-MATE: A non-parametric deep learning technique to deproject and deconvolve galaxy cluster X-ray temperature profiles
Authors: Iqbal A. , Pratt G. W. , Bobin J. , Arnaud M. , Rasia E. , Rossetti M. , Duffy R. T. , Bartalucci I. , Bourdin H. , De Luca F. , De Petris M. , Donahue M. , Eckert D. , Ettori S. , Ferragamo A. , Gaspari M. , Gastaldello F. , Gavazzi R. , Ghizzardi S. , Lovisari L. , Mazzotta P. , Maughan B. J. , Pointecouteau E. , Sereno M.
Published: September 2023

Temperature profiles of the hot galaxy cluster intracluster medium (ICM) have a complex non-linear structure that traditional parametric modelling may fail to fully approximate. For this study, we made use of neural networks, for the first time, to construct a data-driven non-parametric model of ICM temperature profiles. A new deconvolution algorithm was then introduced to uncover the true (3D) temperature profiles from the observed projected (2D) temperature profiles. An auto-encoder-inspired neural network was first trained by learning a non-linear interpolatory scheme to build the underlying model of 3D temperature profiles in the radial range of [0.02–2]R500, using a sparse set of hydrodynamical simulations from the THREEHUNDREDPROJECT. A deconvolution algorithm using a learning-based regularisation scheme was then developed. The model was tested using high and low resolution input temperature profiles, such as those expected from simulations and observations, respectively. We find that the proposed deconvolution and deprojection algorithm is robust with respect to the quality of the data, the morphology of the cluster, and the deprojection scheme used. The algorithm can recover unbiased 3D radial temperature profiles with a precision of around 5% over most of the fitting range. We apply the method to the first sample of temperature profiles obtained withXMM-Newtonfor the CHEX-MATE project and compared it to parametric deprojection and deconvolution techniques. Our work sets the stage for future studies that focus on the deconvolution of the thermal profiles (temperature, density, pressure) of the ICM and the dark matter profiles in galaxy clusters, using deep learning techniques in conjunction with X-ray, Sunyaev Zel’Dovich (SZ) and optical datasets.
The dusty heart of Circinus
Authors: Isbell J. W. , Pott J.-U. , Meisenheimer K. , Stalevski M. , Tristram K. R. W. , Leftley J. , Asmus D. , Weigelt G. , Gámez Rosas V. , Petrov R. , Jaffe W. , Hofmann K.-H. , Henning T. , Lopez B.
Published: September 2023

In this paper we present the first-everL- andM-band interferometric observations of Circinus, building upon a recentN-band analysis. We used these observations to reconstruct images and fit Gaussian models to theLandMbands. Our findings reveal a thin edge-on disk whose width is marginally resolved and is the spectral continuation of the disk imaged in theNband to shorter wavelengths. Additionally, we find a point-like source in theLandMbands that, based on theLMN-band spectral energy distribution fit, corresponds to theN-band point source. We also demonstrate that there is no trace of direct sightlines to hot dust surfaces in the circumnuclear dust structure of Circinus. By assuming the dust is present, we find that obscuration ofAV ≳ 250 mag is necessary to reproduce the measured fluxes. Hence, the imaged disk could play the role of the obscuring “torus” in the unified scheme of active galactic nuclei. Furthermore, we explored the parameter space of the disk + hyperbolic cone radiative transfer models and identify a simple modification at the base of the cone. Adding a cluster of clumps just above the disk and inside the base of the hyperbolic cone provides a much better match to the observed temperature distribution in the central aperture. This aligns well with the radiation-driven fountain models that have recently emerged. Only the unique combination of sensitivity and spatial resolution of the VLTI allows such models to be scrutinized and constrained in detail. We plan to test the applicability of this detailed dust structure to other MATISSE-observed active galactic nuclei in the future.
COSMOGLOBE: Towards end-to-end CMB cosmological parameter estimation without likelihood approximations
Authors: Eskilt J. R. , Lee K. , Watts D. J. , Anshul V. , Aurlien R. , Basyrov A. , Bersanelli M. , Colombo L. P. L. , Eriksen H. K. , Fornazier K. S. F. , Fuskeland U. , Galloway M. , Gjerløw E. , Hergt L. T. , Ihle H. T. , Lunde J. G. S. , Marins A. , Nerval S. K. , Paradiso S. , Rahman F. , San M. , Stutzer N.-O. , Wehus I. K.
Published: September 2023

We implement support for a cosmological parameter estimation algorithm in Commander and quantify its computational efficiency and cost. For a semi-realistic simulation similar to Planck LFI 70 GHz, we find that the computational cost of producing one single sample is about 20 CPU-hours and that the typical Markov chain correlation length is ∼100 samples. The net effective cost per independent sample is ∼2000 CPU-hours, in comparison with all low-level processing costs of 812 CPU-hours for Planck LFI and WMAP in COSMOGLOBE Data Release 1. Thus, although technically possible to run already in its current state, future work should aim to reduce the effective cost per independent sample by one order of magnitude to avoid excessive runtimes, for instance through multi-grid preconditioners and/or derivative-based Markov chain sampling schemes. This work demonstrates the computational feasibility of true Bayesian cosmological parameter estimation with end-to-end error propagation for high-precision CMB experiments without likelihood approximations, but it also highlights the need for additional optimizations before it is ready for full production-level analysis.
Influence of the interstellar magnetic field and 11-year cycle of solar activity on the heliopause nose location
Authors: Bladek Piotr , Ratkiewicz Romana
Published: September 2023

Context. The heliosphere is formed by the interaction between the solar wind (SW) plasma emanating from the Sun and a magnetised component of local interstellar medium (LISM) inflowing on the Sun. A separation surface called the heliopause (HP) forms between the SW and the LISM.

Aims. In this article, we define the nose of the HP and investigate the variations in its location. These result from a dependence on the intensity and direction of the interstellar magnetic field (ISMF), which is still not well known but has a significant impact on the movement of the HP nose, as we try to demonstrate in this paper.

Methods. We used a parametric study method based on numerical simulations of various forms of the heliosphere using a time-dependent three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (3D MHD) model of the heliosphere.

Results. The results confirm that the nose of the HP is always in a direction that is perpendicular to the maximum ISMF intensity directly behind the HP. The displacement of the HP nose depends on the direction and intensity of the ISMF, with the structure of the heliosphere and the shape of the HP depending on the 11-year cycle of solar activity.

Conclusions. In the context of the planned space mission to send the Interstellar Probe (IP) to a distance of 1000 AU from the Sun, our study may shed light on the question as to which direction the IP should be sent. Further research is needed that introduces elements such as current sheet, reconnection, cosmic rays, instability, or turbulence into the models.
A novel sensor design for a cantilevered Mead-Marcus-type sandwich beam model by the order-reduction technique
Authors: Özer Ahmet Özkan , Aydin Ahmet Kaan
Published: September 2023

red A novel space-discretized Finite Differences-based model reduction introduced in [J. Liu and B.Z. Guo,SIAM J. Control Optim.58(2020) 2256-228] is extended to the partial differential equations (PDE) model of a multi- layer Mead-Marcus-type sandwich beam with clamped-free boundary conditions. The PDE model describes transverse vibrations for a sandwich beam whose alternating outer elastic layers constrain viscoelastic core layers, which allow transverse shear. The major goal of this project is to design a single tip velocity sensor to control the overall dynamics on the beam. Since the spectrum of the PDE cannot be constructed analytically, the so-called multipliers approach is adopted to prove that the PDE model is exactly observable with sub-optimal observation time. Next, the PDE model is reduced by the “order-reduced” Finite-Differences technique. This method does not require any type of filtering though the exact observability ash→ 0 is achieved by a constraint on the material constants. The main challenge here is the strong coupling of the shear dynamics of the middle layer with overall bending dynamics. This complicates the absorption of coupling terms in the discrete energy estimates. This is sharply different from a single-layer (Euler-Bernoulli) beam.
Resurfacing the Great Toe by an Island Flap
Authors: Nandi Mrinmoy , Chowdhury Siti Roy
Published: September 2023

A distally based dorsalis pedis island flap has been used to resurface the soft tissue defects of the great toe successfully in five cases.
The Cervico-Humeral Fasciocutaneous Flap
Authors: Sinha J. K. , Singh V. S. , Bhattacharya V. , Tripathi F. M.
Published: September 2023

Cervico-humeral fasciocutaneous flap was raised successfully in five patients for the treatment of post-burn contracture of the neck as a single stage procedure. Post-operative splintage was not required. There was no flap loss. Dog-ear correction and Z-plasty were performed as touch-up procedures.
On the polynomial integrability of the critical systems for optimal eigenvalue gaps
Authors: Tian Yuzhou , Wei Qiaoling , Zhang Meirong
Published: September 2023

This exploration consists of two parts. First, we will deduce a family of critical systems consisting of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, indexed by the exponent p ∈ (1, ∞) of the Lebesgue spaces concerned. These systems can be used to obtain the optimal lower or upper bounds for eigenvalue gaps of Sturm–Liouville operators and are equivalent to non-convex Hamiltonian systems of two degrees of freedom. Second, with appropriate choices of exponents p, the critical systems are polynomial systems in four dimensions. These systems will be investigated from two aspects. The first one is that by applying the canonical transformation and the Darboux polynomial, we obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for polynomial integrability of these polynomial critical systems. As a special example, we conclude that the system with p = 2 is polynomial completely integrable in the sense of Liouville. The second is that the linear stability of isolated singular points is characterized. By performing the Poincaré cross section technique, we observe that the systems have very rich dynamical behaviors, including periodic trajectories, quasi-periodic trajectories, and chaos.
Investigation of spatial distribution of EEPFs and neutral species in nitrogen inductively coupled plasmas by 2D hybrid simulation
Authors: Huang Jia-Wei , Zhou Fang-Jie , Lv Xiang-Yun , Zhang Yu-Ru , Gao Fei , Wang You-Nian
Published: September 2023

Neutral species in nitrogen plasmas play a crucial role in many applications related to semiconductor fabrication. In this research, a two-dimensional fluid/electron Monte Carlo hybrid model is employed to simulate nitrogen inductively coupled plasmas, and the spatial distributions of electron energy probability distributions (EEPFs), as well as their influence on the neutral species, are discussed under various pressures. It is found that the EEPF in the bulk region is relatively uniform, and it exhibits a bi-Maxwellian distribution at 3 mTorr. As pressure increases, the high energy tail declines due to the more frequent collisions. Moreover, a hole appears at around 3 eV in the EEPF above the substrate, and it becomes less obvious toward the skin layer below the dielectric window. Moreover, the maxima of metastable species densities, i.e., N2(A3Σu+), N(2D), and N(2P), are located at the center of the chamber at low pressure, and they gradually move to the skin layer under the coils as pressure increases. The behaviors of neutral species can be understood by examining the reactant densities of the main generation and loss mechanisms, as well as the corresponding rate coefficients which are calculated according to EEPFs. In addition, since the ground state N(4S) is mainly produced by the quenching of metastable atoms and neutralization of ions at the walls, the maximum of the N(4S) density appears below the dielectric window and above the substrate at 3 mTorr, and the peak under the dielectric window becomes more obvious at higher pressure due to the stronger locality.
Spectral domain graph convolutional deep neural network for predicting unsteady and nonlinear flows
Authors: Wen Jun , Zhu Wei , Jia Xiyu , Ma Feng , Liu Qiang
Published: September 2023

Mode decomposition methods, such as proper orthogonal decomposition and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD), have introduced a novel data-driven approach for flow prediction. These methods aim to identify a collection of modes that capture the essential flow features. Subsequently, the flow field data are projected onto these modes to reconstruct and predict the evolution of the flow field. However, due to their inherent linearity, mode decomposition methods are limited in effectively handling unsteady and nonlinear flow exhibiting significant nonlinearities. In this study, we propose a spectral graph convolutional deep neural network (SGC-DNN). It employs the eigenvectors of the Laplacian matrix as modes to fully utilize the adjacency information within the graph structure to solve flow on an unstructured grid better. Additionally, we employ a DNN (deep neural network) to model the temporal evolution of each mode, thereby enhancing the model's adaptability to nonlinear flow fields. To evaluate the performance of our proposed SGC-DNN, we compare its prediction results with those obtained using DMD and DNN for the flow around a cylinder on unstructured grids at various Reynolds numbers (ranging from 1000 to 500 000). We also compared the predictive results of these three models for flow with complex geometries, such as the Da Vinci pipeline flow and intracranial aneurysm blood flow. The comparative analysis demonstrates that SGC-DNN outperformed the other models, yielding lower L2 relative errors and higher R2 values. These outcomes highlight the superiority of SGC-DNN in accurately predicting unsteady and nonlinear flow characterized by graph structures.
Control method of line spectrum excitation force for pump-jet propeller: Random unevenly spaced rotor blades
Authors: Zhang Yu , Han Jieting , Huang Bin , Zhang Dahai , Wu Dazhuan
Published: September 2023

The control of the excitation force of pump-jets is of great significance for the stealth performance of submarines. In a previous study, the authors found that the sinusoidal unevenly spaced rotor blades (SUSR) can control the excitation force of the rotor, but the suppression effect is limited by the low degree of freedom. This paper proposes random unevenly spaced rotor blades (RUSR) with higher degrees of freedom, achieving twice the suppression effect of the SUSR. A method for batch generation of RUSRs is proposed in this paper, and a large number of RUSRs are generated. The numerical simulation study was carried out by selecting the RUSRs with better suppression effects through theoretical methods, and the numerical simulation method used was improved based on the previous study. The RUSR also has an impact on the excitation force of the duct. The conclusion of this paper has guiding significance for the low excitation design of pump-jets and has the potential to promote the use of unevenly spaced rotor blades in the field of pump-jets.
Numerical study of droplet impingement and spreading on a moving surface
Authors: Chen Ningli , Amirfazli Alidad
Published: September 2023

The formation of an asymmetric lamella when a drop impacts a moving surface has been observed, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we implemented a coupled level-set and volume-of-fluid method to simulate the asymmetric spreading of a drop on a moving surface. The dynamic contact angle model was used, with the capillary number calculated from the relative velocity at the contact line. The numerical method was validated with experimental data from the literature, and the spreading dynamics were also analyzed. The results indicate that the current method yields accurate predictions for lamella spreading, with a relative error in lamella width of less than 5%. This study reveals that the moving surface affects the spreading through the shear stress transferred from the surface to the liquid and the translation motion of the surface. Shear stress causes the lamella to either stretch or squeeze and the translation motion of the surface results in the advancing and receding phases existing together. These mechanisms lead to asymmetric spreading, and the asymmetricity of the lamella increases with the surface velocity and liquid viscosity. When the surface velocity is small, the effect of shear stress and translational motion only causes a translation of the lamella with no asymmetric spreading.
A selective ER-phagy exerts neuroprotective effects via modulation of α-synuclein clearance in parkinsonian models
Authors: Kim Dong Yeol , Shin Jin Young , Lee Ji Eun , Kim Ha Na , Chung Seok Jong , Yoo Han Soo , Kim Sang Jin , Cho Hwa Jin , Lee Eun-Jae , Nam Soo Jeong , Kim Seong Heon , Jang Jaewon , Lee Seung Eun , Lee Phil Hyu
Published: September 2023

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is selectively degraded by ER-phagy to maintain cell homeostasis. α-synuclein accumulates in the ER, causing ER stress that contributes to neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the role of ER-phagy in α-synuclein modulation is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the mechanisms by which ER-phagy selectively recognizes α-synuclein for degradation in the ER. We found that ER-phagy played an important role in the degradation of α-synuclein and recovery of ER function through interaction with FAM134B, where calnexin is required for the selective FAM134B-mediated α-synuclein clearance via ER-phagy. Overexpression of α-synuclein in the ER of the substantia nigra (SN) resulted in marked loss of dopaminergic neurons and motor deficits, mimicking PD characteristics. However, enhancement of ER-phagy using FAM134B overexpression in the SN exerted neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic neurons and recovered motor performance. These data suggest that ER-phagy represents a specific ER clearance mechanism for the degradation of α-synuclein.
Convergence in sympatric swallowtail butterflies reveals ecological interactions as a key driver of worldwide trait diversification
Authors: Puissant Agathe , Chotard Ariane , Condamine Fabien L. , Llaurens Violaine
Published: September 2023

Ecological interactions can promote phenotypic diversification in sympatric species. While competition can enhance trait divergence, other ecological interactions may promote convergence in sympatric species. Within butterflies, evolutionary convergences in wing color patterns have been reported between distantly related species, especially in females of palatable species, where mimetic color patterns are promoted by predator communities shared with defended species living in sympatry. Wing color patterns are also often involved in species recognition in butterflies, and divergence in this trait has been reported in closely related species living in sympatry as a result of reproductive character displacement. Here, we investigate the effect of sympatry between species on the convergence vs. divergence of their wing color patterns in relation to phylogenetic distance, focusing on the iconic swallowtail butterflies (family Papilionidae). We developed an unsupervised machine learning–based method to estimate phenotypic distances among wing color patterns of 337 species, enabling us to finely quantify morphological diversity at the global scale among species and allowing us to compute pairwise phenotypic distances between sympatric and allopatric species pairs. We found phenotypic convergence in sympatry, stronger among distantly related species, while divergence was weaker and restricted to closely related males. The convergence was stronger among females than males, suggesting that differential selective pressures acting on the two sexes drove sexual dimorphism. Our results highlight the significant effect of ecological interactions driven by predation pressures on trait diversification in Papilionidae and provide evidence for the interaction between phylogenetic proximity and ecological interactions in sympatry, acting on macroevolutionary patterns of phenotypic diversification.
Analytic relationship of relative synchronizability to network structure and motifs
Authors: Lizier Joseph T. , Bauer Frank , Atay Fatihcan M. , Jost Jürgen
Published: September 2023

Synchronization phenomena on networks have attracted much attention in studies of neural, social, economic, and biological systems, yet we still lack a systematic understanding of how relative synchronizability relates to underlying network structure. Indeed, this question is of central importance to the key theme of how dynamics on networks relate to their structure more generally. We present an analytic technique to directly measure the relative synchronizability of noise-driven time-series processes on networks, in terms of the directed network structure. We consider both discrete-time autoregressive processes and continuous-time Ornstein–Uhlenbeck dynamics on networks, which can represent linearizations of nonlinear systems. Our technique builds on computation of the network covariance matrix in the space orthogonal to the synchronized state, enabling it to be more general than previous work in not requiring either symmetric (undirected) or diagonalizable connectivity matrices and allowing arbitrary self-link weights. More importantly, our approach quantifies the relative synchronization specifically in terms of the contribution of process motif (walk) structures. We demonstrate that in general the relative abundance of process motifs with convergent directed walks (including feedback and feedforward loops) hinders synchronizability. We also reveal subtle differences between the motifs involved for discrete or continuous-time dynamics. Our insights analytically explain several known general results regarding synchronizability of networks, including that small-world and regular networks are less synchronizable than random networks.
Systems-level temporal immune-metabolic profile in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection
Authors: Ambikan Anoop T. , Elaldi Nazif , Svensson-Akusjärvi Sara , Bagci Binnur , Pektas Ayse Nur , Hewson Roger , Bagci Gokhan , Arasli Mehmet , Appelberg Sofia , Mardinoglu Adil , Sood Vikas , Végvári Ákos , Benfeitas Rui , Gupta Soham , Cetin Ilhan , Mirazimi Ali , Neogi Ujjwal
Published: September 2023

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) caused by CCHF virus (CCHFV) is one of the epidemic-prone diseases prioritized by the World Health Organisation as public health emergency with an urgent need for accelerated research. The trajectory of host response against CCHFV is multifarious and remains unknown. Here, we reported the temporal spectrum of pathogenesis following the CCHFV infection using genome-wide blood transcriptomics analysis followed by advanced systems biology analysis, temporal immune-pathogenic alterations, and context-specific progressive and postinfection genome-scale metabolic models (GSMM) on samples collected during the acute (T0), early convalescent (T1), and convalescent-phase (T2). The interplay between the retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor and tumor necrosis factor signaling governed the trajectory of antiviral immune responses. The rearrangement of intracellular metabolic fluxes toward the amino acid metabolism and metabolic shift toward oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation during acute CCHFV infection determine the pathogenicity. The upregulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle during CCHFV infection, compared to the noninfected healthy control and between the severity groups, indicated an increased energy demand and cellular stress. The upregulation of glycolysis and pyruvate metabolism potentiated energy generation through alternative pathways associated with the severity of the infection. The downregulation of metabolic processes at the convalescent phase identified by blood cell transcriptomics and single-cell type proteomics of five immune cells (CD4
+
and CD8
+
T cells, CD14
+
monocytes, B cells, and NK cells) potentially leads to metabolic rewiring through the recovery due to hyperactivity during the acute phase leading to post-viral fatigue syndrome.
Whole-genome detection using multivalent DNA-coated colloids
Authors: Xu Peicheng , Cao Ting , Fan Qihui , Wang Xiaochen , Ye Fangfu , Eiser Erika
Published: September 2023

To minimize the incorrect use of antibiotics, there is a great need for rapid and inexpensive tests to identify the pathogens that cause an infection. The gold standard of pathogen identification is based on the recognition of DNA sequences that are unique for a given pathogen. Here, we propose and test a strategy to develop simple, fast, and highly sensitive biosensors that make use of multivalency. Our approach uses DNA-functionalized polystyrene colloids that distinguish pathogens on the basis of the frequency of selected short DNA sequences in their genome. Importantly, our method uses entire genomes and does not require nucleic acid amplification. Polystyrene colloids grafted with specially designed surface DNA probes can bind cooperatively to frequently repeated sequences along the entire genome of the target bacteria, resulting in the formation of large and easily detectable colloidal aggregates. Our detection strategy allows “mix and read” detection of the target analyte; it is robust and highly sensitive over a wide concentration range covering, in the case of our test target genome
Escherichia coli
bl21-de3, 10 orders of magnitude from

10
1

to

10
10

copies/mL. The sensitivity compares well with state-of-the-art sensing techniques and has excellent specificity against nontarget bacteria. When applied to real samples, the proposed technique shows an excellent recovery rate. Our detection strategy opens the way to developing a robust platform for pathogen detection in the fields of food safety, disease control, and environmental monitoring.
IL-6 trans-signaling in a humanized mouse model of scleroderma
Authors: Odell Ian D. , Agrawal Kriti , Sefik Esen , Odell Anahi V. , Caves Elizabeth , Kirkiles-Smith Nancy C. , Horsley Valerie , Hinchcliff Monique , Pober Jordan S. , Kluger Yuval , Flavell Richard A.
Published: September 2023

Fibrosis is regulated by interactions between immune and mesenchymal cells. However, the capacity of cell types to modulate human fibrosis pathology is poorly understood due to lack of a fully humanized model system. MISTRG6 mice were engineered by homologous mouse/human gene replacement to develop an immune system like humans when engrafted with human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). We utilized MISTRG6 mice to model scleroderma by transplantation of healthy or scleroderma skin from a patient with pansclerotic morphea to humanized mice engrafted with unmatched allogeneic HSC. We identified that scleroderma skin grafts contained both skin and bone marrow–derived human CD4 and CD8 T cells along with human endothelial cells and pericytes. Unlike healthy skin, fibroblasts in scleroderma skin were depleted and replaced by mouse fibroblasts. Furthermore, HSC engraftment alleviated multiple signatures of fibrosis, including expression of collagen and interferon genes, and proliferation and activation of human T cells. Fibrosis improvement correlated with reduced markers of T cell activation and expression of human IL-6 by mesenchymal cells. Mechanistic studies supported a model whereby IL-6 trans-signaling driven by CD4 T cell–derived soluble IL-6 receptor complexed with fibroblast-derived IL-6 promoted excess extracellular matrix gene expression. Thus, MISTRG6 mice transplanted with scleroderma skin demonstrated multiple fibrotic responses centered around human IL-6 signaling, which was improved by the presence of healthy bone marrow–derived immune cells. Our results highlight the importance of IL-6 trans-signaling in pathogenesis of scleroderma and the ability of healthy bone marrow–derived immune cells to mitigate disease.
Divergent amplifications of CYP9A cytochrome P450 genes provide two noctuid pests with differential protection against xenobiotics
Authors: Shi Yu , Liu Qingqing , Lu Wenjie , Yuan Jing , Yang Yihua , Oakeshott John , Wu Yidong
Published: September 2023

Here, we provide mechanistic support for the involvement of the CYP9A subfamily of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in the detoxification of host plant defense compounds and chemical insecticides in
Spodoptera exigua
and
Spodoptera frugiperda
. Our comparative genomics shows that a large cluster of
CYP9A
genes occurs in the two species but with significant differences in its contents, including several species-specific duplicates and substantial sequence divergence, both between orthologs and between duplicates. Bioassays of CRISPR-Cas9 knockouts of the clusters show that, collectively, the CYP9As can detoxify two furanocoumarin plant defense compounds (imperatorin and xanthotoxin) and insecticides representing three different chemotypes (pyrethroids, avermectins, and oxadiazines). However, in vitro metabolic assays of heterologously expressed products of individual genes show several differences between the species in the particular CYP9As with activities against these compounds. We also find that the clusters show tight genetic linkage with high levels of pyrethroid resistance in field strains of the two species. We propose that their divergent amplifications of the CYP9A subfamily have not only contributed to the development of the broad host ranges of these species over long evolutionary timeframes but also supplied them with diverse genetic options for evolving resistance to chemical insecticides in the very recent past.
Sociodemographic determinants of environmental attitude, environmental knowledge, emotional affinity and responsible behaviour among tourists: a case study of the Western Himalayas (Determinantes sociodemográficos de la actitud ambiental, el conocimiento ambiental, la afinidad emocional y la conducta responsable de los turistas: un estudio de caso del Himalaya occidental)
Authors: Batool Nusrat , Dada Zubair-Ahmad , Shah Shamim-Ahmad
Published: September 2023

Environment-nature discourse is characterized by significant variation in the drivers of environmental attitudes and perceptions, making it difficult to draw broad generalizations about their relevance for specific localities. This study attempts to determine the sociodemographic determinants of environmental knowledge, behavioural intention, emotion affinity and resultant responsible behaviour. The data from 400 samples were collected through the primary survey in tourist destination regions. A model was developed using the structural equation modelling approach to analyse the relationship between the variables. Results from the structural equation modelling indicate that behavioural intentions were the most robust predictor, followed by emotional affinity. Results also show that gender, age, education and average monthly income positively affect environmental knowledge and behavioural intention. The research provides an essential result with practical significance for environmental policymakers since it identifies specific environmental behaviour antecedents. One important message that emerges from the finding is that planners in the province must consider diversity issues (age, gender, education) when planning for infrastructural provisions, leisure and other related activities.
Low temperature and rapid synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon-based catalysts via atmospheric pressure plasma
Authors: Fan Lei , Zhang Bo , He Tianxi , Sun Yuhao , Han Wenhu , Wei Yuantao , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Xiao Chunhui , Ding Shujiang , Zhang Guan-Jun
Published: September 2023

Nitrogen-doped carbon materials have attracted significant attention as promising non-metal electrochemical catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. The commonly used chemical synthesis methods which usually necessitate prolonged elevated-temperature sintering are unsuitable for thermally sensitive catalysts. Generally, these methods require a long duration of gas infiltration and the involvement of toxic chemical reagents. These factors make it difficult to maintain sample consistency during the preparation process. In this paper, a low-temperature synthesis approach is introduced to prepare nitrogen-doped carbon-based catalysts using Ar surface dielectric barrier discharge to treat a mixed precursor of Ketjen Black and ammonium carbonate at atmospheric pressure. The obtained catalysts exhibit moderate defects and successful nitrogen doping. Compared with catalysts prepared using traditional chemical methods, they show superior electrochemical performance. The limiting current density has exhibited performance superior to commercial Pt/C catalysts, as well as higher stability and methanol tolerance. Furthermore, the mechanism of nitrogen doping achieved through plasma treat chemical bonds is explained. This work proposes a feasible strategy for synthesizing nitrogen-doped carbon materials and tuning catalyst performance, and provides deep insights into the plasma regulation of catalysts.