bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unemployment and Digital Labor Platforms in Georgia
Authors: Kvirkvaia Murtaz , Shengelia Mogeli
Published: February 2024

This article addresses the pressing issues of unemployment and employment in Georgia over the past three decades. With an average unemployment rate of around 20 percent, affecting approximately 300,000 people from 2010 to 2022, the labor force faces significant challenges. The advent of technological progress has highlighted the necessity for novel approaches to the labor market. In this context, digital work platforms have emerged as potential solutions, offering new forms of employment and creating opportunities driven by advancements in digital technologies. The aim of this study is to identify innovative employment opportunities in the context of the current unemployment situation in order to improve the Georgian labor market conjunction. The study draws upon interviews with labor market specialists and presents conclusions based on primary and secondary data. While the research indicates that digital work platforms do not currently play a major role in employment, their significance is projected to grow in the future. The extent of their impact on the population's employment prospects will depend on Georgia's technological development and educational level. These platforms demonstrate the potential to generate flexible jobs and provide supplementary income opportunities. However, challenges associated with their development must be addressed for their successful integration into the labor market.
The Issue of Podcast Effectiveness in Higher EducationA Case Study of the University of Georgia
Authors: Gagoshidze Tamar , Tavkhelidze Tamar
Published: February 2024

The podcast, originating in 2001 in the U.S. and later expanding globally, challenges traditional media with its customizable content. Podcasts distinguish themselves by affording listeners the agency to curate content to their preferences, a departure from the prescriptive nature of conventional media. Comparable to having a bespoke show tailored to individual interests, podcasts have emerged as a sophisticated and customizable avenue for content consumption. This article explores the transformative role of podcasts in higher education in Georgia, investigating their developmental stages, diverse perspectives, and implications for the education system. With four main objectives, the research first examines divergent perspectives on podcast integration in higher education. It then presents qualitative and quantitative findings on podcast impact, focusing on comparative statistical research in Georgia and developed countries. Additionally, the study evaluates the effectiveness of podcasts as instructional tools and their contribution to the learning process. Lastly, it explores student preferences, seeking to understand why students favor podcasts over traditional courses and analyzing the implications of this shift. Revealing a prevalent interest among students, the study shows that they not only express interest but also independently integrate podcasts into their learning practices. The positive impact on student knowledge levels, as indicated by the survey, adds valuable insights to the evolving relationship between podcasts and education in Georgia.
Perceived Benefits of Learning Analytics and Artificial Intelligence-Based Oniline Learning Platforms: Case of Lithuanian General Education Schools
Authors: Batuchina Aleksandra , Melnikova Julija , Zascerinska Jelena , Ahrens Andreas
Published: February 2024

Online learning platforms with integrated tools of learning analytics (LA) and artificial intelligence (AI) are growing in popularity in general education in Lithuania. Such platforms have a number of advantages in terms of the teaching-learning process, however, there is a lack of research about such advantages after direct use of the platforms in general education schools. Thus, the purpose of the current study is to find out the perceived benefits of online learning platforms with LA and AI tools. The research was conducted in 11 schools in Lithuania. The students at these schools tested the LearnLab and Eduten Playground online learning platforms for almost three months. Descriptive statistics methods and chi-square (χ2) criteria were applied. Results showed that students claim that their learning achievements have improved thanks to the platforms. Moreover, research results showed, that when working with platforms, it is appropriate to pay attention and, in parallel, to teach students computer literacy from the elementary grades, to develop a relationship with the computer as a work tool. It is also appropriate to start working with LA and AI platforms from the primary grades, which would positively stimulate the growth of digital competence, as well as the interest of students in the educational subject(s) and the positive growth of learning achievements.
Penerapan Konseling Kelompok Solution Focused Brief Therapy untuk Meningkatkan Self Efficacy Mahasiswa Bimbingan dan Penyuluhan Islam UIN Raden Fatah Palembang
Authors: Fitri Hartika Utami
Published: February 2024

Tahun pertama merupakan tahun yang paling krusial dalam menentukan kepercayaan dirimahasiswa ditahun awal perkulihan bagaimana langkah awal mahasiswa dalam menapakijenjang pendidikan selanjutnya. Diperlukan pencegahan untuk mengatasi penyakit mental keperubahan yang ke arah yang lebih positif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuipenggunaan model konseling kelompok solution focus brief therapy untuk meningkatkan selfeffikasi mahaiswa Bimbingan dan Penyuluhan Islam UIN Raden Fatah. Menggunakanpenelitian eksperimen, desain randomized pretest postest control group design subjekpenilitian 10 individu dengan teknik (purposive random sampling) dari 128 maahasiswa/Itahun kesatu. Hasil analisis dengan menggunakanteknik analisis data dengan uji PairedSample T-tes menyatakan konseling kelompok(KKP) dengan pendekatan SFBT (t(1,9)=12.65p<0,05). Hasil peneltian menunjukan bahwa penggunaan konseling kelompok solutionfocused brief counseling efektif dalam meningkatkan self-efficacy mahasiswa/i BPI UINRaden Fatah Palembang
Implementasi Konsep Teori Humanistik dalam Kesehatan Mental pada Masa Pandemi
Authors: Mahardika Dewi , Nihayah Ulin , Muhibbuddin Hadziq
Published: February 2024

Humanistic theory focuses on humans, namely on the nature and condition of humans which includes the ability to understand one's potential and develop it in order to achieve self-actualization. Health is something that is very important in human life. Not only physical or physical health, but also spiritual or mental health. Mental health is a condition in which individuals are healthy both physically and psychologically, aware of their abilities, avoiding mental disorders. Mental health emphasizes how individuals are able to adapt and be able to interact well with the surrounding environment so that they can avoid mental disorders. According to Abraham Maslow, the most important thing in seeing human is their potential, how humans develop themselves to do positive things. Each individual has their own way of dealing with various pressures that can cause mental health problems. Various parts of the world, including Indonesia, are currently facing the COVID-19 pandemic. The current COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruption to human mental health. This writing uses a literature review and the purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation of humanistic theory on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the analysis of research conducted by the author show that common mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic are anxiety, stress, depression, and trauma. In humanistic theory, to foster mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, namely: 1) Every individual is required to try harder in meeting their needs so that they can indirectly control mental health during the pandemic COVID-19. 2) Can conduct therapeutic relationships between counselors and clients to help clients overcome mental health problems experienced.
Description of the Implementation of Guidance Counseling Management Services
Authors: Zulfikar Muhammad , Ferdiansyah Muhammad , Alridho Lubis Muhammad
Published: February 2024

Optimization of guidance and counseling services is important so that guidance and counseling services really contribute to the achievement of the Nation or school's vision, mission and objectives. The guidance and counseling service program in schools is unlikely to be achieved if it is not managed in a good quality management. This study aims to describe guidance and counseling management in junior and senior high schools in public and private schools in Jakarta Indonesia. The data obtained can be used as a reference and the basis of plans for improvement and development of guidance and counseling management systems in the school. This research uses descriptive quantitative design with survey method. This study obtained a diverse score on the implementation of the BK management system. In general, the aspects that are quite good are the analysis of the needs when planning the program with the instrument, the making of Satlan, and the division of work tasks. In general, the aspects that need improvement are the addition of BK teachers and skills in using IT.
KEBERADAAN PERUSAHAAN PERKERETAAPIAN NEDERLANDSCH-INDISCHE SPOORWEG MAATSCHAPPIJ DI SEMARANG TAHUN 1863-1873
Authors: Ningtyas Endah Mustika
Published: February 2024

This study examines the Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij (NISM) Company in 1863-1873 which was founded in Semarang. Transportation in the Dutch East Indies before 1863, especially the Semarang Residency area, still used simple transportation to deliver goods and people. The main issues studied in this article are the development of the NISM Company from its construction to the completion of the railway line, and the impact of the railway operation on the government and society. The transportation company first used an engine-powered train by making the Semarang Residency the starting point for the railway line as well as the main office of the NISM Company. The research method used as a form of historical study is the historical method. The results of the study explained that the establishment of the NISM Company in the Residency of Semarang was due to the need for a mode of transportation to transport Cultivation products from the interior to the port.

Keywords: Semarang Residency; NISM Company; rail transportation
Painful nerve compression beyond the carpal tunnel: recognizing the lacertus syndrome
Authors: Al-Hashimi Yasmeen , Ferembach Benjamin , Martinel Vincent , Hagert Elisabet
Published: February 2024

The most common nerve compression in the upper extremity is that of carpal tunnel syndrome. Although generally recognized and treated, as much as a 20% failure rate is reported. Recent publications are indicating that one of the sources of persistent median nerve symptoms may be missed proximal median nerve entrapments, of which the lacertus fibrosus represents a principal cause of compression, and rarely other sites such as the flexor superficialis arch or pronator teres. Compression by the lacertus fibrosus is called lacertus syndrome, and as this is a clinically diagnosed entity, only rarely confirmed using electrodiagnostic or imaging studies, it is frequently overlooked. Clinicians regularly treating patients with carpal tunnel syndrome or patients with signs of median nerve neuropathy should be aware of the lacertus fibrosus as a possible compression site. In this review, we will define lacertus syndrome, describe its clinical manifestations and diagnosis, and demonstrate surgical techniques used to treat it.
A host-microbial metabolite interaction gut-on-a-chip model of the adult human intestine demonstrates beneficial effects upon inulin treatment of gut microbiome
Authors: Donkers Joanne M. , Wiese Maria , van den Broek Tim J. , Wierenga Esmée , Agamennone Valeria , Schuren Frank , van de Steeg Evita
Published: February 2024

Background: The gut and its microbiome have a major impact on many aspects of health and are therefore also an attractive target for drug- or food-based therapies. Here, we report on the added value of combining a microbiome screening model, the i-screen, with fresh intestinal tissue explants in a microfluidic gut-on-a-chip model, the Intestinal Explant Barrier Chip (IEBC).

Methods: Adult human gut microbiome (fecal pool of 6 healthy donors) was cultured anaerobically in the i-screen platform for 24 h, without and with exposure to 4 mg/mL inulin. The i-screen cell-free culture supernatant was subsequently applied to the luminal side of adult human colon tissue explants (n = 3 donors), fixed in the IEBC, for 24 h and effects were evaluated.

Results: The supplementation of the media with inulin promoted the growth of Anaerostipes , Bifidobacterium , Blautia , and Collinsella in the in vitro i-screen, and triggered an elevated production of butyrate by the microbiota. Human colon tissue exposed to inulin-treated i-screen cell-free culture supernatant or control i-screen cell-free culture supernatant with added short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) showed improved tissue barrier integrity measured by a 28.2%-34.2% reduction in FITC-dextran 4000 (FD4) leakage and 1.3 times lower transport of antipyrine. Furthermore, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α was reduced under these circumstances. Gene expression profiles confirmed these findings, but showed more profound effects for inulin-treated supernatant compared to SCFA-supplemented supernatant.

Conclusion: The combination of i-screen and IEBC facilitates the study of complex intestinal processes such as host-microbial metabolite interaction and gut health.
Digital Image Correlation for Assessment of Bridges’ Technical State and Remaining Resource
Authors: Kopiika Nadiia
Published: February 2024

Bridges enable communications and transportation of goods nationally and internationally, underpinning economic and social activities, thus they are pylons of our prosperity and mobility. Bridges worldwide are constantly subjected to physical wear, ageing, deterioration, hazards, environmental influences, and increased loading. Loss of performance and functionality of bridge structures would have a crucial impact on overall infrastructural resilience and would cause significant negative economic and social consequences. Monitoring their behaviour for different loading conditions relies on accurate estimations of the stress-strain state of various critical components and remaining capacities. These activities are of high importance for better planning lifespan prolongation, that is the extension of their service life and prevention of unforeseen collapses, in line with sustainability principles of well-informed maintenance. In many cases, access to the structure is limited or even impossible, which causes the need for the deployment of remote and contactless methods. One such innovative technique, which has recently attracted attention in scientific and practical applications is the digital image correlation (DIC). DIC is a contactless approach applicable for long-term measurements, which enables obtaining the full field of strains and deformations. Although the DIC approach has been widely used in world engineering practice for monitoring bridges and has proved to be a reliable and accurate method, there is a lack of systematic integral review on previous practical applications, revealing limitations and perspectives. This is the main motivation and novelty of this study, which will describe selected case studies, in which DIC was used on real full-scale bridge structures and propose improvements for the method.
People-Place Narratives as Knowledge Typologies for Social Sustainability: Cases from Urban Contexts in the Global South
Authors: Salama Ashraf M. , Patil Madhavi P. , Elsemellawy Amira N. , Abudib Huyam H. , Almansor Noor A. , MacLean Laura , Van Riel Kristijn
Published: February 2024

In the dynamic interplay between people and their physical environments, the Global South stands as a mosaic undergoing a multitude of transformative influences in architecture and urbanism where examining social sustainability becomes imperative. While prevailing attention remains on environmental and economic sustainability, this study addresses a persistent gap in the urban literature by focusing on the dynamic and manifold nature of social sustainability. Positioning itself within the context of sustainable development, the study links the pursuit of social aspects of sustainability with selected unique urban contexts from the Global South. Five cases that include Alexandria (Egypt), Tripoli (Libya), Basra (Iraq), Lilongwe (Malawi), and Accra (Ghana) are discussed through multi-layered investigations that involve attitude surveys, interviews, focus groups, participatory systematic observations, and behavioral mapping, engaging directly with inhabitants and stakeholders. Uncovering people-place narratives in the identified contexts, the cases are developed into five knowledge typologies that serve as practical tools for planning and design decision-making, policy formulation, and academic discourse. Discussions are conceived to demonstrate the transformative role people-place narratives play in fostering a more sustainable and equitable urban future. Conclusions are drawn to offer practical insights for stakeholders involved in various capacities in shaping the urban landscape of the Global South.
Extension of a Royal House: Servants of the Last Trastámara. The Infants of Castile and Aragon (1470-1504)
Authors: Jimenez Molero Oscar , Villanueva Morte Concepcion
Published: February 2024

The reign of the Catholic Monarchs is possibly the most important reign and, therefore, the most studied in the history of our country. However, this reign had a defect in the form of its offspring, not because of the absence of children but because of their tragic end. The lives of the children of Catholic Monarchs were studied to an unequal extent, with Juana and Prince Juan being the characters who have most attracted the attention of historians. This article examines how the house of each of the last Trastámaras infants was created, what the composition of their house was, and who their servants were. In so doing, we can understand what led the Catholic Monarchs to build their children’s houses in a particular way and why the monarchs educated their eldest children more lavishly and publicly than they did their little brothers. Finally, we will answer the following question: what happened to the servants of infants who died when they were young? In this case, the examples of the deaths of the eldest daughter Isabel and Prince Juan are essential to solving this question. As an epilogue, we will recount how Juana once again had the same servants of her childhood in her house when she settled down in Tordesillas in 1509.
Paul, The House of Dudley: A New History of Tudor England (London: Michael Joseph, 2022)
Authors: Strong Johanna
Published: February 2024

Review of The House of Dudley: A New History of Tudor England. By Joanne Paul. London: Michael Joseph, 2022. ISBN 978-0-241-34982-3. xiii + 506pp. £25.
Primary Care Physician Preferences Regarding Communication from Orthopaedic Surgeons
Authors: Chiodo Christopher P. , Striano Brendan M. , Parker Emily , Smith Jeremy T. , Bluman Eric M. , Martin Elizabeth A. , Greco Julia M. , Healey Michael J.
Published: February 2024

Background:

Musculoskeletal consultations constitute a growing portion of primary care physician (PCP) referrals. Optimizing communication between PCPs and orthopaedists can potentially reduce time spent in the electronic medical record (EMR) as well as physician burnout. Little is known about the preferences of PCPs regarding communication from orthopaedic surgeons. Hence, the present study investigated, across a large health network, the preferences of PCPs regarding communication from orthopaedists.

Methods:

A total of 175 PCPs across 15 practices within our health network were surveyed. These providers universally utilized Epic as their EMR platform. Five-point, labeled Likert scales were utilized to assess the PCP-perceived importance of communication from orthopaedists in specific clinical scenarios. PCPs were further asked to report their preferred method of communication in each scenario and their overall interest in communication from orthopaedists. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine whether any PCP characteristics were associated with the preferred method of communication and the overall PCP interest in communication from orthopaedists.

Results:

A total of 107 PCPs (61.1%) responded to the survey. PCPs most commonly rated communication from orthopaedists as highly important in the scenario of an orthopaedist needing information from the PCP. In this scenario, PCPs preferred to receive an Epic Staff Message. Scenarios involving a recommendation for surgery, hospitalization, or a major clinical change were also rated as highly important. In these scenarios, an Epic CC’d Chart rather than a Staff Message was preferred. Increased after-hours EMR use was associated with diminished odds of having a high interest in communication from orthopaedists (odds ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.48 to 0.88; p = 0.005). Ninety-three PCPs (86.9%) reported spending 1 to 1.5 hours or more per day in Epic after normal clinical hours, and 27 (25.2%) spent >3 hours per day. Forty-six PCPs (43.0%) reported experiencing ≥1 symptom of burnout.

Conclusions:

There were distinct preferences among PCPs regarding clinical communication from orthopaedic surgeons. There was also evidence of substantial burnout and after-hours work effort by PCPs. These results may help to optimize communication between PCPs and orthopaedists while reducing the amount of time that PCPs spend in the EMR.
Natural History of Quantitative Fatty Infiltration and 3D Muscle Volume After Nonoperative Treatment of Symptomatic Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Hochreiter Bettina , Germann Christoph , Feuerriegel Georg C. , Sutter Reto , Selman Farah , Gressl Maximilian , Ek Eugene T. , Wieser Karl
Published: February 2024

Background:

The severity of fatty infiltration (FI) predicts the treatment outcome of rotator cuff tears. The purpose of this investigation was to quantitatively analyze supraspinatus (SSP) muscle FI and volume at the initial presentation and after a 3-month minimum of conservative management. We hypothesized that progression of FI could be predicted with initial tear size, FI, and muscle volume.

Methods:

Seventy-nine shoulders with rotator cuff tears were prospectively enrolled, and 2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans with 6-point Dixon sequences were acquired. The fat fraction within the SSP muscle was measured on 3 sagittal slices, and the arithmetic mean was calculated (FISSP). Advanced FISSP was defined as ≥8%, pathological FISSP was defined as ≥13.5%, and relevant progression was defined as a ≥4.5% increase in FISSP. Furthermore, muscle volume, tear location, size, and Goutallier grade were evaluated.

Results:

Fifty-seven shoulders (72.2%) had normal FISSP, 13 (16.5%) had advanced FISSP, and 9 (11.4%) had pathological FISSP at the initial MRI scan. Eleven shoulders (13.9%) showed a ≥4.5% increase in FISSP at 19.5 ± 14.7 months, and 17 shoulders (21.5%) showed a ≥5-mm3 loss of volume at 17.8 ± 15.3 months. Five tears (7.1%) with initially normal or advanced FISSP turned pathological. These tears, compared with tears that were not pathological, had significantly higher initial mediolateral tear size (24.8 compared with 14.3 mm; p = 0.05), less volume (23.5 compared with 34.2 mm3; p = 0.024), more FISSP (9.6% compared with 5.6%; p = 0.026), and increased progression of FISSP (8.6% compared with 0.5%; p < 0.001). An initial mediolateral tear size of ≥20 mm yielded a relevant FISSP progression rate of 81.8% (odds ratio [OR], 19.0; p < 0.001). Progression rates of 72.7% were found for both initial FISSP of ≥9.9% (OR, 17.5; p < 0.001) and an initial anteroposterior tear size of ≥17 mm (OR, 8.0; p = 0.003). Combining these parameters in a logistic regression analysis led to an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.913. The correlation between FISSP progression and the time between MRI scans was weak positive (ρ = 0.31).

Conclusions:

Three risk factors for relevant FI progression, quantifiable on the initial MRI, were identified: ≥20-mm mediolateral tear size, ≥9.9% FISSP, and ≥17-mm anteroposterior tear size. These thresholds were associated with a higher risk of tear progression: 19 times higher for ≥20-mm mediolateral tear size, 17.5 times higher for ≥9.9% FISSP, and 8 times higher for ≥17-mm anteroposterior tear size. The presence of all 3 yielded a 91% chance of ≥4.5% progression of FISSP within a mean of 19.5 months.

Level of Evidence:

Diagnostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Housing and Inequalities in US Life Expectancy, Child and Youth Mortality, and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality, 1979-2020: Results from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study and the National Vital Statistics System
Authors: Singh Gopal K. , Lee Hyunjung , Kim Lyoung Hee
Published: February 2024

Background:

Limited research exists on the association between housing, life expectancy, and mortality disparities in the United States (US). Using longitudinal individual-level and pooled county-level mortality data from 1979 to 2020, we examine disparities in life expectancy, child and youth mortality, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the US by several housing variables.

Methods:

Using the 1979-2011 National Longitudinal Mortality Study (N=1,313,627) and the 2011-2020 linked county-level National Mortality Database and American Community Survey, we analyzed disparities in life expectancy and all-cause and cause-specific disparities by housing tenure, household crowding, and housing stability. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze individual-level mortality differentials by housing tenure. Age-adjusted mortality rates and rate ratios were used to analyze area-level disparities in mortality by housing variables.

Results:

US homeowners had, on average, a 3.5-year longer life expectancy at birth than renters (74.22 vs. 70.76 years), with advantages in longevity associated with homeownership being greater for males than for females; for American Indians/Alaska Natives, non-Hispanic Whites, and non-Hispanic Blacks than for Asian/Pacific islanders and Hispanics; and for the US-born than for immigrants. Compared with renters, homeowners had 22% lower risks of all-cause mortality, 15% lower child mortality, 17% lower youth mortality, and significantly lower mortality from cardiovascular diseases, all cancers combined, stomach, liver, esophageal and cervical cancer, diabetes, influenza and pneumonia, COPD, cirrhosis, kidney disease, HIV/AIDS, infectious diseases, unintentional injuries, suicide, and homicide.

Conclusion and Global Health Implications:

Several aspects of housing are strongly associated with life expectancy, child and youth mortality, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the US. Policies that aim to provide well-designed, accessible, and affordable housing to residents of both developed and developing countries are important policy options for addressing one of the most fundamental determinants of health for disadvantaged individuals and communities and for reducing health inequities globally.
Optimizing the Value of a CO2 Water-Alternating-Gas Injection Project under Geological and Economic Uncertainties
Authors: Ogbeiwi Precious , Stephen Karl D.
Published: February 2024

The numerical simulations required for the robust optimization (RO) of the alternating injection of water and CO2 in hydrocarbon reservoirs are computationally expensive due to engineering, geological, and economic uncertainties. Using approximation models of the desired objective function(s) can significantly decrease the cost associated with the optimization routines while providing an adequate sampling of the input variables or uncertainties. In this study, we optimized the value of a water-alternating-gas (WAG) injection project in a Niger-Delta oil reservoir by applying the Markowitz classical theory to a suitable approximation model of the objective function. Our RO methodology incorporated significant geological and economic uncertainties—such as uncertainties due to the upscaling of the coarse-scale reservoir model and those due to the lack of other relevant geological and economic data—to the optimization routine to create better operating strategies for the projects that are risk-quantified. To compute the objective function, a novel economic model for the CO2 sequestration processes in the Niger-Delta hydrocarbon basin was applied. The result obtained in the presented case showed that a net present value (NPV) of at least USD 65.98 million was derived from the project depending on the engineer’s or user’s confidence level. Overall, the applicability of proxy models to RO routines was demonstrated. As a result, investment decisions that accounted for uncertainties and any potential variation in the field’s operation and development were made.
Analysis of Labour Movement Based on Island Model
Authors: Qi Tiange , Gao Yuning
Published: February 2024

This paper describes and
derives a Lucas-Prescott style island model, to model the location
choices of the heterogeneous agents by utilising endogenous
technology growth, which in turn influences personal human capital
growth. It leads to the U-shape curve of the inequality of wage
income with the technology of these islands but not in terms of
total income. In the extended two-goods model, the magnitude of the
implications is lessened by the impact the price of non-tradable
goods has as an automatic stabiliser. We found that skilled labours
with less endowed wealth tend to live in large cities for its high
salary. On the other hand, those less-skilled labours but with more
endowed wealth tend to live in cities with better environment,
which drives up the price level of non-tradable goods in these
cities. This explains the population concentration in the super
cities and the high housing price-wage ratio in some beautiful
cities.
Evaluation of different transport media for survival of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.
Authors: Dixit Baleshwari , Murugkar Harshad , Nagarajan Shanmugasundaram , Dixit Manu , Shrivastav Arpita , Kumar Anjay , Jha Amit K. , Mishra Anjani K. , Singh R V , Kumar Manoj
Published: February 2024

In the case of the H5N1 avian influenza outbreak, specific detection is critical for the timely implementation of control and preventive measures to limit the spread of the disease. Sample collection, storage, and transportation are critical for the accurate detection of the virus as its isolation and identification can only be done in a designated laboratory. In this study, we have compared 5 transport media out of which three are laboratory-based media named Phosphate-buffered Saline (PBS), 50% Glycerol + PBS, and Normal Saline (NS) and two are commercially available media including Viral Transport Medium (VTM), Charcoal based Viral Transport Medium (CVTM) to assess their effect on the survivability of virus in fecal swabs kept under field simulation conditions. Swabs from fecal samples spiked with known 50% embryo infectious dose (EID50) H5N1 virus were collected in each of these transport media, sealed, and stored with ice packs in thermocol boxes similar to the field samples that are being sent to the laboratory. Detection of the virus was done by isolation and reverse transcription-PCR. The results of our study suggested that the most effective transport media for H5N1 avian influenza virus was NS, PBS, and CVTM as the virus could be isolated for up to six days in comparison to VTM and PBS + 50% Glycerol.
USP20 mediates bladder cancer progression via altering the activity of Hippo-YAP axis through directly stabilizing YAP1 protein
Authors: Chen Wensun , Wu Siqi , Chen Yifan , Li Weijian , Liang Yingchun , Dai Xiyu , Chen Xi nan , Chen Yiling , Chen Tian , Liu Shenghua , Yang Chen , Jiang Hao wen
Published: February 2024

Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) mediated hippo pathway has attracted several research importance in various types of malignancies. The hampered Hippo-YAP1 axis in bladder cancer (BC) was identified as a major driver of BC progression and oncogenesis. The activity of Hippo pathway is controlled via regulation of phosphorylation cascade of MST1/2-LATS1/2-YAP1, while other modification as ubiquitination of hippo pathway protein also mediated the activity of Hippo pathway through the co-regulation of E3 ligases and deubiquitinases. In this study, we identified USP20 as a Hippo/YAP1 pathway activity related deubiquitinase through combined analysis of siRNA screening and deubiquitinase over-expression. Further analysis identified that USP20 directed regulated the YAP1 expression and target gene of YAP1, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) as well as cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61). Tissue microarray assay confirmed that USP20 was elevated in tumor tissue and correlated with YAP1 expression. Mechanism study identified that USP20 directly interacted with YAP1 protein and promoted the stability of YAP1 protein through hampering the K48-linked poly-ubiquitination. Our findings in this study revealed that USP20 as a novel deubiquitinase in regulating the Hippo-YAP1 pathway in BC.
Catheter placement by the nephrologist: a safe and effective method for improving access to peritoneal dialysis
Authors: lafrid maria , abdelaali bahadi , labioui narjiss , hanine ismail , laasli hajar , mponguili theresia peya , hallak mohammed , benbria sanae , kabbaj driss el
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is as effective as hemodialysis and provides a better quality of life. However, it remains underused, particularly in our country. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of catheter placement by the nephrologist on the incidence of peritoneal dialysis patients, compare the success rates and assess the short- and long-term complications between surgical and nephrologist placements.
Methods
retrospective study of 69 patients with PD from January 2008 to December 2022.
Results
28 received PD catheter placement by nephrologists (group A), while 41 underwent the procedure performed by urologists (group B).The incidence of patients placed on PD has shown a significant increase since the initiation of catheter placement by nephrologists, with a growth rate of over 100% every two years. No significant difference was observed in the incidence of short-term mechanical and infectious complications between the two groups. However, the group B experienced a higher occurrence of long-term mechanical and infectious complications compared to the group A. The waiting time before catheter placement was significantly shorter in group A (5 days vs. 20 days; p < 0.001). The success rate of peritoneal dialysis catheter placement in group A was 92.85%, while it was 97.56% in group B. There was no significant difference in catheter survival at 1 year between the two groups. However, the mean catheter survival was significantly longer in group B (17 months vs. 11 months, p = 0.026).
Conclusion
The placement of the PD catheter by nephrologists has demonstrated effectiveness and safety.
Effect of crown seating methods on the remnant cement in the subgingival region of the cement- retained implant crown
Authors: Ji Fanghui , Hwiseong Oh , Lee Jeongyol , Ryu Jae Jun , Shim Ji Suk
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of crown seating speed, crown seating force, quantity of cement used, and type of implant cement on the amount of RCS after cementation. Cement-retained implant crowns were cemented to titanium abutments using the following methods: four types of implant cement (TBN: Temp Bond NE®️, NR: Nexus™ RMGI, ME: Maxcem Elite™, and U200: RelyX™ U200), three quantities of cement (0.02 ml, 0.04 ml, and 0.06 ml), three crown seating speeds (5 mm/s, 10 mm/s, and 15 mm/s), and two crown seating forces (25 N, 50 N). The surface area and length of the RCS were measured using a 3D intraoral scanner. The total RCS weight was measured using an analytical balance. The RCS increased significantly as the seating speed increased, the seating force increased, and the quantity of cement increased (p < 0.05). The RCS values were the highest for TBN, followed by U200, NR, and ME (p < 0.05). The lower seating speed, smaller quantity of cement used, and smaller seating force applied in cement-retained implant restorations minimized the RCS in cement-retained prostheses. The type of cement is a factor that determines the aspects of the RCS.
Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided Single-Injection Erector Spinae Plane Block, Retrolaminar Block, and Paravertebral Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Single-Incision Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Three-Arm, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Non-Inferiority Trial
Authors: Zhu Yuyang , Yang Yi , Zhang Qinyu , Li Xuan , Xue Wenqiang , Liu Yuan , Zhao Yufei , Xu Wenxia , Huang Jie , Fang Yu , Yan Peng , Li Shuang
Published: February 2024

Objective:This study aims to compare the analgesic efficacy of erector spinae plane block (ESPB), retrolaminar block (RLB), and paravertebral block (TPVB) in single-incision video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Additionally, ESPB and RLB are investigated as potential secondary options in cases where TPVB is contraindicated or unsuccessful.Methods：A total of 76 patients underwent general anesthesia induction followed by nerve block under ultrasound guidance, with 20 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine administered to each. Recorded parameters included NRS scores' AUC during rest and coughing over the first 24 postoperative hours, preoperative and postoperative (24h and 48h) plasma biomarker levels, perioperative opioid consumption, time to first postoperative analgesic use, arterial blood gas analysis, white blood cell count (WBC), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), QoR-15 scores, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), time to bowel function recovery, length of hospital stay (LOS), and adverse events.Results:The AUC for Group E (107.8±10.53) and R (104.8±8.05) compared to P (103.6±10.42) had differences of 4.2±3.0 (95% CI -1.82 to 10.22) and 1.2±2.6 (95% CI -3.97 to 6.37), respectively, with lower limits of the 95% confidence interval (CI) exceeding the non-inferiority margin. IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α at 24 and 48h postoperatively showed no significant differences. At 24h, IL-10 levels were comparable, and at 48h, group T exhibited higher IL-10 levels than group E. There were no statistical differences in QoR-15 scores, perioperative opioid consumption, time to first postoperative analgesic use, WBC, hs-CRP, Glu, and Lac levels, time to bowel function recovery, and LOS (P>0.05). The time from block completion to incision showed no statistical differences (P=0.996), but four cases in Group E experienced hypertension during incision, one in Group R, and none in Group P (P=0.047). Regarding adverse events, one patient each in Groups P and R experienced hypotension, while no patients in Group E experienced hypotension (P=0.142). No cases of PONV or other complications were observed.Conclusion:ESPB and RLB can provide analgesic effects for VATS patients that are non-inferior to TPVB, with the added benefit of improved safety. They represent effective alternative options to TPVB.Trial registration:Chinese Clinical Trial Register (identifier: ChiCTR2300069985).
Challenges in Modern Contraception Access among Married Bonda Women: Insights from a Qualitative Study on Family Planning Barriers and Healthcare Dynamics
Authors: Nayak Ranjita , Kaushal Sonia , Sharma A.N.
Published: February 2024

Background
Family planning practices play a crucial role in avoiding unintended pregnancies and the preventable mortality associated with childbirth that occurs either ‘too soon’ or ‘too frequently.’ These practices significantly influence the health outcomes of mothers, newborns, and children.
Aim
This research aims to conduct a qualitative investigation to gain a comprehensive understanding of the existing barriers related to modern family planning methods, along with contraceptive use, the management of unwanted pregnancies, and spacing between two children. Also, the study examines the influence of healthcare providers, mothers/mothers-in-law, and husbands on family planning practices within the Bonda tribe in the Malkangiri district of Odisha, India.
Methods
Utilizing a qualitative method, the investigation incorporated 8 Focus Group Discussions, 7 In-depth Interviews, and insights from 16 key informants.
Results
Thematic analysis was employed to reveal instances of unconsented contraceptive procedures, reproductive health complications, and challenges in contraception methods: unraveling societal dynamics and cultural barriers impacting family planning practices among Bonda women.
Conclusions
The study highlights the crucial need for enhanced maternity care and underscores the importance of culturally sensitive services. Furthermore, it promotes provider training to ensure satisfaction, equity, and professionalism in care childbirth for tribal women. The findings strongly indicate that addressing these issues can potentially enhance family planning outcomes among the Bonda tribe.
Continuum of care pathway for maternal healthcare in India: analysis of trends, dropouts, and determinants from 2015 to 2021
Authors: Longchar Wapangjungla , Kodali Prakash Babu , Hense Sibasis
Published: February 2024

This study examined the trends of maternal continuum of care (CoC) across antenatal (ANC), intranatal and postnatal care (PNC) using NFHS-4 to NFHS-5 data and analysed the associated factors in its utilisation employing Anderson’s health services utilisation model in Indian context. A total of 190,898 and 176,877 women aged 15–49 years who had a live birth in the 5 years preceding the surveys [NFHS-4 and NFHS-5] were included respectively. Binary logistic regression identified the need, pre-disposing and enabling factors of CoC pathways. The overall progress of CoC completion was 11.3 points from NFHS-4 (38.7%) to NFHS-5 (50.0%). The largest dropout in CoC was observed in ANC followed by PNC. Odds of completing CoC was higher among women aged 25–34 (AOR:1.18; 95% CI: 1.09–1.27), with higher education (AOR:1.74; 95% CI: 1.58–1.92), from urban (AOR:1.09; 95% CI:1.01–1.19), richer household (AOR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.29–1.56), southern region (AOR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.89–2.40), exposed to mass media (AOR:1.51; 95% CI: 1.39–1.65), and covered by health insurance (AOR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.15–1.35). Policy addressing the barriers inhibiting CoC completion especially in ANC and PNC stages are important. Context specific multisectoral approaches involving family, community, and health system may be warranted especially in low-performing states.
Building capacity to conduct genetic epidemiology research on hyperuricaemia and gout in an Indigenous community in Guam
Authors: Paulino Yvette C. , Camacho Frank , Paulino Tristan VC , Lee Delores J. , Natividad Lisa Linda , Matisoo-Smith Elizabeth , Merriman Tony R. , Gosling Anna
Published: February 2024

Background
Gout, the most common inflammatory arthritis disease, and hyperuricaemia onset are influenced by environmental and genetic factors. We sought to investigate these factors in an Indigenous community in Guam.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, the University of Guam led the qualitative inquiry with the native community, training (pre-screening of participants, data collection methods, and biospecimen handling), study implementation (outreach and recruitment, data collection, and DNA extraction and quantification), and qualitative and epidemiologic data analyses. Recruitment targets were based on demographic representation in current census data. The University of Otago collaborated on ethics guidance, working with Indigenous communities, and led the genetic sequencing and genetic data analysis. Participants were recruited in Guam from Fall 2019 to Spring 2022.
Results
Of the 359 participants, most self-identified as Native CHamorus (61.6%) followed by Other Micronesians (22.0%), and Filipinos (15.6%). The prevalence of metabolic conditions from highest to lowest were obesity (55.6%), hyperuricaemia (36.0%), hypertension (27.8%), gout (23.0%), diabetes (14.9%), cardiovascular disease (8.4%), kidney disease (7.3%), and liver disease (3.4%). Compared to Filipinos and Other Micronesians, significantly more CHamorus had hyperuricaemia (42.1% versus 26.8% in Filipinos and 25.3% in Other Micronesians), gout (28.5% versus 21.4% and 8.9%), diabetes (19.5% versus 8.9% and 6.3%), and hypertension (33.9% versus 19.6% and 16.5%).
Conclusions
We estimated the prevalence of metabolic conditions, especially gout and hyperuricaemia, and found statistical differences among major ethnic groups in Guam, all while obtaining the Indigenous community’s feedback on the genetic study and building gout research capacity. The results of ongoing genetic sequencing will be used to understand molecular causes of gout in Guam.
Relevance of red blood cell Lithium concentration in the management of Lithium-treated bipolar and unipolar disorders: a systematic narrative review
Authors: COYAC MANON , JALABERT LYNN , DECLEVES XAVIER , ETAIN BRUNO , BELLIVIER FRANK
Published: February 2024

Background: Despite a variability in response and a narrow therapeutic index, lithium remains the gold standard treatment for bipolar disorders (BD), and a treatment of choice for non-bipolar mood disorders (MD). To date, the relevance of red blood cell (RBC) lithium monitoring remains unclear in the management of MD.
This systematic review aims to provide a summary of areas in which the interest of lithium concentration monitoring was explored in the literature, and to discuss the relevance of such monitoring in the management of lithium-treated individuals.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review, based on preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and Metanalysis (PRISMA) guidelines, of articles published between 1973 and February 2023, indexed in the following databases: EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library. The search terms were combinations of the following headings: “Lithium AND Plasma AND Erythrocyte AND Mood disorders”. The systematic review protocol was published to PROSPERO (CRD42023406154).
Results: Out of the 252 identified studies, 57 met the selection criteria. These studies primarily investigated the measurement of Red Blood Cell lithium concentration (RBCLC) in various areas: compliance (5 articles), SE/toxicity (13 articles), prediction of lithium response/therapeutic efficacy (17 articles), differences according to the type of MD (18 articles) and to the polarity of mood episodes (10 articles), associated clinical and socio-demographic factors (33 articles), and potential pathophysiological mechanisms (30 articles). The heterogeneity in methods and results, coupled with the limited amount of data, precludes any firm conclusion regarding the relevance of measuring RBCLC. However, the literature indicates a potential association between RBCLC and side effects (SE), particularly neurotoxicity. Surprisingly, the relevance of monitoring RBCLC is yet to be conclusively demonstrated, and its indications still require to be specified. In this context, we propose avenues of research aimed at exploring the relevance of measuring RBCLC.
Conclusions: Despite decades of research on lithium, the relevance of monitoring RBCLC in the management of MD remains unclear. This underscores the imperative for high-quality research involving large representative samples.