bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening and assessment for Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS), guidance by personal pilots and support with individual digital trainings within intersectoral care – A study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dahmen Alina , Keller Franziska M. , Derksen Christina , Rinn Robin , Becker Petra , Lippke Sonia
Published: May 2022

Background: Because the clinical patterns and symptoms that persist after a COVID-19 infection are diverse, a diagnosis of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) is difficult to implement. The current research project therefore aims to evaluate the feasibility and the practicability of a comprehensive, interdisciplinary, and cross-sectoral treatment program consisting of a low-threshold online screening and holistic assessment for PACS. Furthermore, it aims to evaluate digital interventions and the use of so-called personal guides that may help to facilitate the recovery of PACS.Methods: This German study consists of a low-threshold online screening for PACS where positively screened participants will be supported throughout by personal pilots. The personal pilots are aimed at empowering patients and helping them to navigate through the study and different treatment options. Patients will then be randomly assigned either to an intervention group (IG) or an active control group (ACG). The IG will receive a comprehensive assessment of physiological and psychological functioning to inform future treatment. The ACG does not receive the assessment but both groups will receive a treatment consisting of an individual digital treatment program (digital intervention platform and an intervention via a chatbot). This digital intervention is based on the needs identified during the assessment for participants in the IG. Compared to that, the ACG will receive a more common digital treatment program aiming to reduce PACS symptoms. Importantly, a third comparison group (CompG) will be recruited that does not receive any treatment. A propensity score matching will take place, ensuring comparability between the participants.Primary endpoints of the study are symptom reduction and return to work. Secondary outcomes comprise, for example, social participation and activities in daily life. Furthermore, the feasibility and applicability of the online developed screening tool, the holistic assessment, digital trainings, and personal pilots will be evaluated.Discussion: This is one of the first large-scale studies to improve the diagnostic and the care of patients with PACS by means of empowerment. It is to be evaluated whether the methods utilized can be used for the German and international population.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05238415; date of registration: February 14, 2022.
Systematic untargeted UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS based lipidomics workflow for improvised detection and annotation of lipid sub-classes in serum
Authors: Rana Poonam , Dhariwal Seema , Maan Kiran , Baghel Ruchi , Sharma Apoorva , Malakar Dipankar
Published: May 2022

Selection of best approach for detection, annotation, and throughput for lipidomics of biofluids is still complicated. To maximize the lipid detection, serum lipid profiling was performed on CSH-C18 and EVO-C18 column. The different column chemistries revealed better detection in CSH-C18 (2671 MS/MS) as compared to EVO-C18 (1574 MS/MS) with enhanced resolution of lipid-categories except glycerolipids (Triacylglycerols) and sphingolipids (sphingomyelin). For annotation, open-source (LIPIDMAPS®, LipidBlast) and SCIEX-provided (LipidView™) library softwares were compared. Conclusively, LIPIDMAPS® identified majority molecules (409, CSH-C18 and 279, EVO-C18). LipidBlast and LipidView™ however provided confirmatory annotation based on fragmentation patterns. The study reveals an optimized untargeted Lipidomics-workflow with comprehensive lipid-profiling and confirmatory annotated features.
Effect of Social Distancing on Coronavirus Disease 2019 Spread Controlling: A Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Yaduvanshi Ritika , Yadav Nimisha , Rajpoot Prince
Published: May 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19), the outbreak of the novel coronavirus, has posed an unprecedented public health threat to China and many other countries in the world at present, with a significant effect on health and public health systems, individual lives and national and world economic. COVID-19 has been declared by the WHO as a pandemic. The structures of public contact significantly determine spread of this infection and, in the absence of vaccines, the control of these structures through extensive social distancing measures have appeared to be the most effective means of mitigation. In this paper, to examine the impact of social distancing in COVID 19 distribution, we propose mathematical model using direct correlation between social exposure and reproduction number. We show that the calculation of social distance is an efficient way of monitoring the spread of COVID-19 in the absence of vaccines. In India, we have also calculated that the basic reproduction number is 2.5.
Awareness of National Health Mission Beneficiaries on Antenatal Care Services
Authors: Raout Parboti Prasad , Baruah Minerava Saikia , Bora Bhabo Jyoti
Published: May 2022

Antenatal care (ANC) is considered universally important for women health. The present study aims to assess the awareness level of National Health Mission beneficiaries on maternal health services during antenatal period. The study was conducted in four selected districts of Assam, where 400 respondents were interviewed with structure interview schedule. Results shows that majority of the respondents were somewhat aware regarding ANC services and the accessibility of the maternal health services of study area was satisfactory. The findings indicated that awareness level of the respondents is associated with selected variables education, monthly income, age, and organizational membership.
A Study of Nosocomial Infections in Intensive Care Units of Local Tertiary Care Hospitals
Authors: Agrawal Sanjay , Kumar Rahul Kewal
Published: May 2022

Introduction: It has been reported that the incidence of nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit (ICU) is about 2–5 times higher than in the general in-patient hospital population. The objectives of the present study were to determine the incidence of nosocomial infection, to identify possible risk factors for these infections, to clarify the distribution of the causative pathogens, and to evaluate the outcome of the infected patients in terms of length of ICU and hospital stay and mortality. Methods: This was a retrospective and analytical study. For classification of the different causative pathogens associated with nosocomial infections, all the microorganisms isolated on culture from each of the patients with confirmed infection according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions were recorded and their relative frequency of isolation was determined as percentage. Bacterial isolates were identified by Gram stain, cultures on routine media and where necessary, selective media, and specific biochemical tests following standard protocols. Results: Nosocomial infections were in 28 patients. The most frequently diagnosed nosocomial infection was nosocomial pneumonia. A total of 39 pathogens were isolated on culture and accounted for the nosocomial infections in 28 patients. Some infections were polymicrobial. Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae were the most frequently isolated pathogens. There was no statistically significant difference between the hospital mortality rates among the patients with and without nosocomial infection. Conclusion: Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae, as a group, were the most frequently isolated pathogens, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the single most frequent causative organism. The acquisition of nosocomial infections in the ICU resulted in significantly increased length of ICU and hospital stay, but did not result in statistically significant increase in ICU or hospital mortality. These findings can now be utilized toward planning a surveillance program for nosocomial infection in our ICU setting as a first step toward a better infection control strategy.
Correlation of ABO Rh and Cholelithiasis: A Prospective Observational Study in a Zonal Hospital, North India
Authors: Chhikara Amit , Kumar Rajeev Ranjan , Gupta Anurakshat , Mohan Hari , Trehan Vikram , Antony Tinku , Kishore K. Naga , Kumar S. Suraj
Published: May 2022

Background: Karl Landsteiner discovered the ABO blood group system in 1901 and Rh factor in 1940, since then, scientists searched for an association between different pathologies and the ABO blood group system of patients. ABO blood groups have been shown to be associated not only with various diseases but also with metabolic process. Objective: This study was done to determine if there is any significant correlation between ABO-Rh and cholelithiasis. Materials and Methods: This is hospital-based prospective observational study in which 360 patients with ultrasonography proven symptomatic cholelithiasis, belonging to different socioeconomic conditions and various geographical locations of India, underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy formed the study population. The ABO Rh of the 360 patients was done by standard agglutination technique in blood bank of department of pathology. For statistical analysis data were enter into the MS Excel sheet. Results: Cholelithiasis was predominant in females (85%) than males. Age group of 51–60 years has the maximum number of patients. Blood group “O” has maximum number of cholelithiasis patients (69.6%) followed blood group “B” (37.2%). Among blood group “O” Rh positive had numerous stone of cholesterol type, followed by blood group “B” Rh positive. Conclusion: In this study, incidence of cholelithiasis was maximum in the blood group “O” Rh positive with the cholesterol stones as the predominant type of stone. These results has not corroborated with the existing literature, suggesting variability. A large prospective study could potentially reveal if any correlation exists and this could open the doorway to future research on the etiologies of gall stone diseases.
Engaging Construction Workers in Identifying Determinants and Deciding on Measures to Address Tobacco and Alcohol Consumption: An experience from Sri Lanka
Authors: Karunarathne Ruwanmali , Young Sansfica M. , Guruge G. N. D.
Published: May 2022

High consumption of tobacco and alcohol is a public health issue that impairs health and well-being significantly. Consumption is seen to be high in industries such as building construction. This study aimed at identifying determinants of tobacco and alcohol consumption among building construction workers and to decide measures to address them. The sample comprised mostly of tobacco and alcohol consumers (n = 48). A community-based health promotion approach was used. The process of identifying determinants took an average of 2½ months. A series of collective group discussions with the principal investigator (PI), self-administered questionnaires, and a determinant checklist were used to identify the determinants. Discussions with the PI and participants were recorded, transcribed and translated to English, and analyzed using content and thematic analysis. Demographic data obtained through the questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The identified determinants were, peer pressure, hosting parties at night, availability of tobacco and alcohol products, forcing others in the group to consume, and availability of money. Construction workers were able to identify and prioritize determinants through collective open discussions – through relatively small inputs given by the PI. The workers suggested actions for the deciding on measures and implemented them to reduce or stop tobacco and alcohol consumption.
Morbidity, Feeding Practices, and Immunization Status of Children 6 - 23 Months in Delhi
Authors: Rathi Komal , Bhatia Neena , Toteja G. S.
Published: May 2022

Optimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices and immunization play a critical role in averting childhood illness and in achieving optimal growth and development among children. This was a cross-sectional study that assessed the morbidity and immunization status of children 6–23 months of age in three income groups in Delhi. The study also assessed feeding practices for children during illness. Results showed that the prevalence of diarrhea in the past 2 weeks preceding the survey was 8.6%, 18.3%, and 17.7% in urban slum, low-income group (LIG), and middle-income group (MIG), respectively. About 50% of children in LIG and MIG and about 45% in the urban slum had fever in the past 2 weeks preceding the survey. About 20% of mothers in urban slum and LIG reported that they were not washing their hands with soap before preparing food for their children. Although most of the children with diarrhea had received oral rehydration salts, they had not received zinc which is critical in the treatment of diarrhea. About 24% of mothers in the urban slum discontinued complementary feeding during illness. The immunization was complete for most of the children in all groups except for the 2nd dose of measles vaccine and booster dose of OPV and DPT vaccine whose coverage was found to be low in urban slums. There is an urgent need of counseling and support on IYCF during and after common childhood illnesses by the frontline health functionaries to reduce the high burden of undernutrition among children under 2 years.
A Study to Observe Autonomic Parameters, Sleeping, and Eating Behavior in Patients with Vertigo
Authors: Muralikrishna Talari , Sivasankar P. R. , Kumar Reddy Kesapuram Karun , Kumar Nandavaram Bharat
Published: May 2022

There are various diseases associated with the malfunctioning of vestibular system. One such disease is vertigo which is the most common peripheral vestibular disorder. There is a need to understand the links between sleeping and eating behavior in patients with vertigo. The present study was undertaken to observe the autonomic parameters, sleeping, and eating behavior in patients with vertigo. The present observational study was conducted at Little Flower Hospital and Research Centre, Angamaly, Kerala, India. The study includes thirty cases of vertigo and thirty age- and gender-matched controls. The age group of the selected participants is 30–50 years. The study results strongly support earlier studies linking the autonomic parameters, sleeping, and eating behavior with vertigo. The study recommends further detailed studies in this area to understand vertigo still better way so that effective treatment protocols can be prepared.
A New Alkasite Restorative Material – Cention N
Authors: Mangotra Vaishali , Sharma Sunny
Published: May 2022

Ivoclar Vivadent has launched a new restorative material that belongs to the group of Alkasite materials. Cention N is recently introduced tooth-colored material with self-curing and additional light-curing system. The alkaline filler that is contained in its inorganic part increases the release of hydroxide ions to regulate the pH value during the attacks with acid. As a result, the demineralization can be prevented. In addition, the release of large amounts of fluoride ions and calcium forms a solid basis for the remineralization of tooth enamel. The initiator system allows for a good chemical self-cure.
A Meta-Analysis – Aerobic and Resistance Exercises Intervention Affect on Blood Glucose Level among Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Authors: Vivek R. , Kalidasan R.
Published: May 2022

Context: Exercise is an effective strategy and support to have favorable for glucose control in type 2 diabetes patients. Furthermore, aerobic and resistance exercises examined aerobic, resistance, and combine form exercise blood glucose control among type 2 diabetes patients although, gender of male and female had divergence age range from 20 to 88 years description and cointervention of diet added additional support to result. Objective: The meta-analysis examined that above 8 weeks exercises intervention (aerobic, resistance, and combine form exercise) and its impact on hemoglobin A1c (Hba1c) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) control among type 2 diabetes patients. Data Sources: In the Web of Science searched full texted journal papers were taken about 179 and Pub Med database provided 58 full text journal papers, and its above 1990 years research papers search term used by phrases, truncation, and Boolean operator. Study Selection: The selected studies that evaluated the varied exercise regimen impact >8 weeks duration in type 2 diabetes patients. Twenty-four randomized controlled studies included total participants sample size of 1578 post-intervention exercise and control group. Included studies cointervention of drugs excluded. Data Extraction: Two reviewers extract the data baseline and post-intervention, then mean and standard deviation for exercise and control groups. Included study characteristics table, practice of exercise protocols and evaluate the methodological quality and potential bias. Results: Overall Hba1c variable data were taken on type 2 diabetes patients totally 1505 participants included in 22 studies post-values on exercises and control groups overall effect size reduced Hba1c favors exercise group would significant difference value P = 0.00001 and standardized mean difference SMD= −0.40% (−11.5 mg/dl), 95% Confidence interval (CI) (−0.54, −0.27) random effect model, heterogeneity observed (I2=23%) no significant value P = 0.16. Effect size reduced FBG which would exercise favors significant difference value P = 0.0001 and SMD= −0.41% (−11.8 mg/dl), 95% CI (−0.59, −0.24) random effect model, heterogeneity observed (I2=53%) significant value P = 0.002. Conclusion: This meta-analysis evidence supported varied exercise regimen and its impact on Hba1c and FBG level concern designed that overall significant impact on intervention such as aerobic, resistance, and combine form exercise (aerobic and resistance exercise) among type 2 diabetes patients. Although, combined exercise had highly better effective strategy results than aerobic or resistance alone, duration >8 weeks, exercise frequency 3 or 5 days/week and combined exercise followed aerobic consecutively and then resistance exercises.
Complications of Hydatid Cyst of Liver and its Management: A Review
Authors: Singh Kulbir
Published: May 2022

Hydatid disease of the liver is still endemic in certain parts of the world. The diagnosis of non-complicated hydatid cyst of the liver depends on clinical suspicion. The modern treatment of hydatid cyst of the liver varies from surgical intervention to percutaneous drainage or medical therapy. Surgery is still the treatment of choice and can be performed by the conventional or laparoscopic approach. However, hydatid cysts may present with complications such as cysts ruptured into the biliary tract (12%), cysts rupture involving the lung or pleural space (2.2%), cysts ruptured into the peritoneum (1.6%), and cysts ruptured into the digestive tract (0.2%). Acute cholangitis is the most common syndrome, as a result of the presence of the ruptured hydatid cystic contents into the biliary tract. Hence, this review article will focus on the complications of hydatid cyst of liver and its management approach.
Development and Evaluation of Carminative Herbal Chewable Tablets Based on Turmeric, Fennel Seed, and Mango Ginger
Authors: Banik Bapan , Sharma Ankita , Nasrin Absana
Published: May 2022

The present study aimed at the formulation of carminative herbal chewable tablets using herbal constituents. Curcuma longa (turmeric), Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), and Curcuma amada (mango ginger) are the most celebrated herbs in Indian system of traditional medicine. In the present research work, oral chewable tablets were prepared by direct compression and wet granulation method incorporating these three herbs. In both the methods, the powder of turmeric, fennel seed, and ginger mango was prepared initially and it was mixed with additives and preservatives. Physicochemical analysis of the individual drugs, pre-formulation studies, and post-formulation standardization was done to evaluate the quality and purity of the conformation. In the pre-formulation study, it was observed that all the parameters checked for the ingredients were within standard range. Thus, the ingredients were processed for preparing tablets following IP. During the evaluation of tablets, it was found that all the prepared batches of tablets were within the standard range of chewable tablet parameters. Thus, considering these values and following the IP, we found that the chewable tablet that was prepared without altering its therapeutic property was satisfactory with general characteristics of tablet, namely, hardness, disintegration time, friability, and weight variation. The formulation was tested for common people with respect to taste; odor and time required for complete chewing and showed that it can be accepted for the present trends of newer drug delivery dosage forms. The present study provides an approach to come up with a modern outlook to traditional folklore formulations without altering its therapeutic property which is highly essential in industrial applications and to meet consumer preferences and demands. Therefore, it is concluded that the developed chewable tablets may be better alternative to the conventional uses of the herbs.
Relation between Performance and Metacognitive Monitoring and How Students Develop Metacognitive Judgments
Authors: Gutierrez de Blume Antonio P. , Montoya Londoño Diana Marcela
Published: May 2022

Metacognition is an important higher-order thinking process for successful learning. The present study investigated the relation between students’ performance and their metacognitive monitoring accuracy and bias and the extent to which differences in expected grade versus actual grade predicted accuracy and bias (N = 65), employing an explanatory sequential quantitativeàQUALITATIVE mixed method research design. The study also explored how students develop and refine metacognitive judgments. Results revealed that there were significant relations between performance and accuracy and bias, and that performance significantly predicted both accuracy and bias. Further, qualitative findings revealed that there were differences in how students developed and refined metacognitive judgments as a function of four aspects of learning: effort/preparation, strategy selection/implementation, planning, and evaluation. Educators should explicitly teach metacognitive monitoring skills to improve students’ self-regulated learning.
On the use of a network of trunk pipelines to compensate for the shortage of water resources at the expense of the country’s deep Siberian rivers
Authors: Mastobaev Boris N. , Karimov Rinat M. , Valeev Anvar R. , Tashbulatov Radmir R. , Kolchin Alexander V. , Lokshina Evgeniya A.
Published: May 2022

The paper discusses topical issues and problems of water supply in scarce and arid regions of the country, including the redistribution of water flows from high-flowing Siberian rivers, which are heavily overflowing during the flood period. In particular, an overview of world experience in solving water supply problems is given, both through desalination of sea water and the use of underground sources, and through the construction of canals and main water pipelines, from futuristic ideas to projects that have already been implemented and have many years of positive operating experience. Special attention is paid to the domestic union experience, plans to turn large rivers to supply the Central Asian republics, the world’s first nuclear plants for desalination of sea water and a main water conduit to supply the Mangyshlak Peninsula. Based on the results of the analysis performed, the main disadvantages, areas, limitations and advantages of various water supply options are identified, which make it possible to draw a conclusion about the possibility of involving unclaimed capacities of main oil and gas pipelines to solve the problems of compensating for the shortage of water resources at the expense of the country's deep Siberian rivers.
Cervical Cancer and Novel Therapeutic and Diagnostic Approaches using Chitosan
as a Carrier: A Review
Authors: Sadoughi Fatemeh , Asemi Zatollah , Yousefi Bahman , Mansournia Mohammad Ali , Hallajzadeh Jamal
Published: May 2022

In our knowledge, using appropriate carriers in the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs, would result
in better targeting and therefore it would increase the effectiveness and decrease the side effects of drugs. Chitosan,
a natural polymer derived from chitin, has attracted the attention of pharmaceutical industries recently.
New research works show that chitosan can not only be used in drug delivery but it can also have some usages
in the prevention and diagnosis of cancer. This means that using chitosan Nanoformulations can be a promising
approach for prevention, diagnosis, and specially treatment of cervical cancer, the fourth common cancer
among the women of the world. We aim to investigate the related papers to find a novel method and preventing
more women from suffering.
COVID-19 and L-arginine Supplementations: Yet to Find the Missed Key
Authors: Al-Kuraishy Hayder M. , Al-Gareeb Ali I. , Alexiou Athanasios , Batiha Gaber El-Saber
Published: May 2022

Current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is regarded as a primary respiratory and vascular
disease leading to acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and endothelial
dysfunction (ED) in severe cases. The causative virus of COVID-19 is SARS-CoV-2, which binds
angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for its entry. It has been shown that ED is linked to various
COVID-19 complications since endothelial cells are regarded as the chief barrier against SARS-CoV-
2 invasion. SARS-CoV-2-indued ED leads to endotheliitis and thrombosis due to endothelial nitric
oxide (NO) inhibition with subsequent vasoconstriction and tissue hypoxia. Loss of vasodilator NO
and anti-thrombin factor from endothelial SARS-CoV-2 infection contribute to the progression of
vascular dysfunction and coagulopathy. Therefore, NO restoration improves pulmonary function and
hinders viral replication during respiratory viral infections, including COVID-19. L-arginine is a semiessential
amino acid that has antiviral and immunomodulatory effects as well as improves the biosynthesis
of NO in endothelial cells. L-arginine may reduce the risk of ALI through inhibition of generation
of peroxynitrite and suppression of the release of proinflammatory cytokines from alveolar macrophages.
Of interest, restoration of NO by L-arginine may attenuate SARS-CoV-2 infection through
different mechanisms, including reduction binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2, inhibition of transmembrane
protease serine-type 2 (TMPRSS2), critical for the activation of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
and cellular entry, inhibition proliferation and replication of SARS-CoV-2, and prevention of
SARS-CoV-2-induced coagulopathy. In conclusion, through antiviral and immunomodulatory effects,
L-arginine and released NO have mutual and interrelated actions against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Toward Early Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer: Focus on Optical Nano Biosensors
Authors: Rezayi Majid , Khazaei Majid , Darroudi Mahdieh , Ghasemi Kousar
Published: May 2022

Background:

Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of death among cancers worldwide,
with the symptoms mimicking other far more common lower gastrointestinal disorders.

Objective:

This challenge in separating colorectal cancer from other diseases has driven researchers
to investigate a noninvasive screening technique and effective method. The early detection of
colorectal cancer is imperative. Biomarkers play a critical role in colorectal screening tests, treatment,
clinical and prognosis management. Therefore, sensitive and rapid biomarker detection
would be helpful and demand the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

Methods:

Recently, several investigations have been performed to design biosensors for early
detection of cancer diagnosis and profiling with strong applied ability and high sensitivity.

Results:

In comparison, optical biosensors are one of the promising platforms for the costeffective
and rapid detection of biomarkers. This review will focus on the advancements and progress
of the various optical-transducing approaches for diagnosing colorectal cancer.

Conclusion:

Further, the prospects and limitations of these optical biosensors in colorectal cancer
diagnosis will be discussed. Here, an overview of optical biosensors and meaningful information
for scientists worldwide will be demonstrated.
Radiopharmacokinetics of Graphene Quantum Dots Nanoparticles
In vivo: Comparing the Pharmacokinetics Parameters in Long and Short
Periods
Authors: Bastos Matheus Keuper , Pijeira Martha Sahylí Ortega , de Souza Sobrinho Juliana Helena , dos Santos Matos Ana Paula , Ricci-Junior Eduardo , de Almeida Fechine Pierre Basilio , Alencar Luciana Magalhães Rebelo , Gemini-Piperni Sara , Alexis Frank , Attia Mohamed Fathy , Santos-Oliveira Ralph
Published: May 2022

Background:

Nanoparticles (NPs) have gained great importance during the last decades for developing new therapeutics with improved outcomes for biomedical applications due to their nanoscale size, surface properties, loading capacity, controlled drug release, and distribution. Among the carbon-based nanomaterials, one of the most biocompatible forms of graphene is gra-phene quantum dots (GQDs). GQDs are obtained by converting 2D graphene into zero-dimensional graphene nanosheets. Moreover, very few reports in the literature reported the pharmacokinetic studies proving the safety and effectiveness of GQDs for in vivo applications.

Objectives:

This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of GQDs radiolabeled with 99mTc, adminis-tered intravenously, in rodents (Wistar rats) in two conditions: short and long periods, to compare and understand the biological behavior.

Methods:

The graphene quantum dots were produced and characterized by RX diffractometry, Ra-man spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The pharmacokinetic analysis was performed fol-lowing the radiopharmacokinetics concepts, using radiolabeled graphene quantum dots with techne-tium 99 metastable (99mTc). The radiolabeling process of the graphene quantum dots with 99mTc was performed by the direct via.

Results:

The results indicate that the pharmacokinetic analyses with GQDs over a longer period were more accurate. Following a bicompartmental model, the long-time analysis considers each pharmacokinetic phase of drugs into the body. Furthermore, the data demonstrated that short-time analysis could lead to distortions in pharmacokinetic parameters, leading to misinterpretations.

Conclusion:

The evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of GQDs over long periods is more meaning-ful than the evaluation over short periods.
In Silico and In Vivo Studies of Decursin Isolated From the Ethanolic
Extract of Feronia elephantum Correa (Rutaceae) Bark as a Potential Antidiabetic
and Antihyperlipidemic Agents in STZ-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Vikhe Sunayana , Kunkulol Rahul , Raut Dipak
Published: May 2022

Background:

Feronia elephantum (Rutaceae), frequently named wood apple, is a preferable
medicinal plant. In Ayurveda, its bark has been recommended for treating diabetes. In addition, it is one
of the active chemical constituents, decursin, shown in recent research to significantly impact colon cancer,
breast cancer, Alzheimer's disease, inflammation, and ulcerative colitis.

Objective:

The present study was carried out to investigate the traditional use of Feronia elephantum bark
in streptozotocin-induced diabetes and lipid-lowering action in rats. Decursin has been isolated from the
bark and tested for in vitro and in vivo biological activities.

Methods:

The Soxhlet extraction method obtained the ethanolic extract, and fractionation was done with
column chromatography and TLC. The structure of isolated decursin has been confirmed by Fourier
transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

Results:

The decursin noticeably depletes increased blood glucose levels and positively affects altered
lipid profiles after administering a dose of 150 mg/kg orally compared with the hypoglycemic drug metformin.
In molecular docking simulations, decursin exhibited excellent inhibition of α-amylase, dipeptidyl
peptidase-IV, and moderate activity against α-glucosidase and glucokinase. Furthermore, the enzymes 3-
hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A and Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 are ideal targets to control hyperlipidemia
and have shown moderate inhibition by decursin.

Conclusion:

From these results, it has been concluded that decursin is the perfect candidate for further
optimization as a lead molecule to treat diabetes and hyperlipidemia.
Design and Optimization of Sustained-Release Trihexyphenidyl Hydrochloride
Nanoparticles: Design of the Experiment Approach
Authors: Shirsath Nitin Rajendra , Goswami Ajaygiri Kamalgiri , Patil Premraj Ramesh
Published: May 2022

Background:

Trihexyphenidyl chloride (THP) is an antidyskinetic medication used in single
and combination therapy to symptomatically treat Parkinson's disease. Due to its fast metabolism and
short elimination of half-life, it causes changes in plasma concentrations and requires frequent dosage.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to prepare a sustained release formulation of Trihexyphenidyl chloride
(THP).

Materials and Methods:

Using chitosan as the natural polymer, the polymeric nanoparticles were prepared
by using the ionic gelation method. A 32 response surface methodology was used to optimize the
effects of independent variables, such as the amount of polymer (X1mg) and the amount of copolymer
(X2mg), on dependent variables, such as entrapment efficiency (% EE) (Y1) and drug release (% DR)
(Y2).

Results:

The prepared formulations were evaluated for Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction,
Field scanning micrographs (FESEM), and In vitro drug release. Higher drug entrapment efficiency
was observed for batch T11. FTIR confirmed the loading of trihexyphenidyl drug into the chitosan matrix.
X-ray diffraction pattern indicated that the degree of crystallinity of pure drug was reduced in the
formulated NPs.

Conclusion:

The drug release from the formulated batches (T1-T13) showed sustained-release action for
around 9-14 hrs. The technique reduced the dosing frequencies and possible side effects of trihexyphenidyl
chloride.
Design, Synthesis, and In vitro Anticancer Activity of Novel Chrysin
Derivatives
Authors: Yu Qunying , Huang Bo , Ling Yun
Published: May 2022

Background:

Cancer is a serious threaten to human life, and drug developers are pushing hard
to discover potent anticancer agents. Pyrimidine and flavonoids are both attractive entities in medicinal
chemistry; it is necessary to get new cancer drugs capitalizing on the two frameworks.

Objective:

This work includes the synthesis of series chrysin derivatives containing different substituted
pyrimidines and an evaluation of their in vitro anticancer activity.

Methods:

Chrysin was merged with different substituted pyrimidines. Their antiproliferative activity was
screened against five cancer cell lines (A549, HepG2, HCT116, MCF-7, and PC-3) using MTS method,
and the marketed anticancer drug erlotinib was used as a reference.

Results:

Seventeen chrysin derivatives were synthesized. Compound 33E showed the best activity against
A549, HepG2, MCF-7, and PC-3 cells, with IC50 values of 30.30 μM, 21.02 μM, 24.67 μM, 22.13 μM in
A549, HepG2, MCF-7, PC-3 cells, respectively. Compound 33A showed the best activity against
HCT116 cells, with an IC50 value of 4.83 μM in HCT116 cell lines.

Conclusion:

In the present study, a new set of chrysin derivatives containing anilinopyrimidine, piperazine-
pyrimidine and piperidine-pyrimidine were prepared. Two compounds (33D, 33E) display higher
toxicity than erlotinib toward the five cancerous cell lines (A549, HepG2, HCT116, MCF-7, and PC-3),
and one compound (33A) exhibits better inhibitory activity than erlotinib to the HCT116 cells. These
results underline the significance of the
Design, Synthesis, and Insecticidal Evaluation of New Benzoylureas Containing
Carbamate Groups Based on the Bipartite Model of Sulfonylurea
Receptor Binding Site
Authors: Huang Zhiqiang , Zhang Jingjing , Zhu Hualing , Xiong Lixia , Shi Jun
Published: May 2022

Background:

Benzoylureas are the most commonly used chitin synthesis inhibitors. But, the
exact target site of benzoylurea insecticides has not been identified.

Objective:

To study whether benzoylphenylureas analogues with a bipartite model could be designed and
synthesized as novel insecticides with improved activities.

Methods:

Based on the bipartite model of the sulfonylurea receptor binding site and commercial
diflubenzuron, a series of novel benzoylureas containing carbamate groups were designed and synthesized
via the key intermediate 2,6-difluoro-N-((4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamoyl)benzamide (2). The structures
of the target compounds were confirmed by the 1H NMR and high-resolution mass spectrum
(HRMS).

Results:

The results of bioassays indicated that these target compounds possessed good larvicidal activities
against a broad spectrum of insects such as oriental armyworm (Mythimna Separata Walker), diamondback
moth (Plutella xylostella), and mosquito (Culex pipiens pallens). A compound containing N,
N-diisopropyl (3g) exhibited the highest insecticidal activity against oriental armyworm (40% at 10 mg
kg-1), which was comparable with that of diflubenzuron. These compounds also had good larvicidal activities
against diamondback moth and mosquito; most of these target compounds exhibited comparable
larvicidal activities of diamondback moth with diflubenzuron and higher larvicidal activities of mosquito
than diflubenzuron.

Conclusion:

The experimental data above preliminarily proved the rationality of our speculation and
design ideology, and BPUs analogues with a bipartite model could improve the interaction with the target.
Oral Health Intervention During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bashirian Saeid , Jenabi Ensiyeh , Barati Majid , Khazaei Salman , Seyedzadeh-Sabounchi Shabnam , Barati Maryam
Published: May 2022

Background:

Oral health during pregnancy is essential regarding its long-term and shortterm
effects on maternal and child health.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the strategies and methods used in oral health promotion
interventions during pregnancy. Also, it is tried to determine the extent to which environmental barriers
and socio-economic factors, in addition to individual factors, have been considered in the design
of these interventions.

Methods:

The data were extracted from Pub-Med, Web of Science, and Scopus databases by searching
the published papers before November 2019. The search terms consisted of pregnancy, oral
health promotion, health education, and preventive health services, resulting in 2772 records. The
inclusion criteria were pregnant women as a target group; study design with randomized (controlled)
trials; implementing a minimum of one health promotion intervention; and studying the outcomes
including knowledge, attitudes, dental cleaning behaviors, and clinical examinations. On the other
hand, the articles only focused on the infant’s oral health were excluded.

Results:

A total of 20 articles were included in this study. The subject of most reviewed studies was
the individual-level interventions using various methods, including lectures, role-playing, group discussion,
one-on-one counseling, skill-based education, commercials on the video-sharing website,
and using social networks. Few studies (n = 4) provided screening and referring to dental services,
prophylaxis, nonsurgical therapy, and initial periodontal treatment. Only one study focused on socio-
economic factors, including cost and location of dental services and involvement of prenatal
care providers.

Conclusion:

According to ecological approaches, maintenance of outcomes needs addressing multilevel
determinants. However, based on the results, a few oral health interventions during pregnancy
included environmental/policy-level factors in addition to individual factors. Hence, interventions
with different strategies that consider multiple determinants are needed.
Neurobiology of Amphetamine use in Stroke Recovery Combined with
Rehabilitative Training and Brain Stimulation
Authors: Uzair Mohammad , Arshad Muhammad , Abualait Turki , Al-Harbi Zeyad T. , Al-Harbi Talal M. , Fahad Reem Bunyan , Arshad Abida , Yoo Woo Kyoung , Bashir Shahid
Published: May 2022

Stroke is a physiological disorder involving a prolonged local interruption of cerebral blood
flow. It leads to massive neuronal death and causes short-term or long-lasting functional impairment.
Most stroke victims regain some neural function weeks or months following a stroke, but this recovery
can plateau six months or more after the injury. The goal of stroke therapy is the rehabilitation of functional
capabilities, especially those affecting the patient’s autonomy and quality of life. Recent clinical
and animal studies combining acute dextro-amphetamine (d-AMPH) administration with rehabilitative
training (RT) have revealed that this treatment has significant remedial effects. The review aims to examine
the synergistic therapeutic effects of d-amphetamine coupled with RT, administered during the
early or late subacute period, on neuronal activation, anatomic plasticity, and skilled motor function in
a middle-aged rodent stroke model. The treatment will also include magnetic field stimulation. This
review will help increase understanding of the mechanism of d-amphetamine coupled with RT and
magnetic field stimulation and their converging therapeutic effects for stroke recovery.
Scrutinizing the role of Genetically Modified Herbs (GMHs) in the Treatment of Various Diseases
Authors: Sindhu Rakesh K. , Verma Rishu , Salgotra Twinkle , Madaan Piyush , Chandel Parteek , Batiha Gaber El-Saber , Cavalu Simona
Published: May 2022

Background:

Medicinal plants are being manipulated by the variety of methods with genes. Genetic engineering is the alteration of genetic material of an organism via biotechnology techniques. Wide range of genetically modified medicinal plants are diligently examined possessing therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of various diseases, like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer.

Objective:

This review discloses the numerous genetically modified herbs employed in the treatment of diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer. In addition, the review highlights the therapeutically active constituents present in these herbs, which are liable for their specific pharmacological action.

Methods:

Several review, research papers, and patents highlighting the enormous aptitude of genetically modified herbs in the treatment of various diseases were collected from medical databases, and are exhaustively studied for writing this review paper.

Results:

Due to rapid advancement in the phytochemical investigation of therapeutically active plants, and because of their potential to treat these disorders, they are being rapidly promoted and favoured nowadays. Moreover, a range of active constituents can be isolated from natural plants that can be employed in the treatment of various disorders, and due to their less toxicity they are preferred over synthetic products.

Conclusion:

Utilizing genetically modified herbs, like Azadirachta indica, Allium cepa, Acacia arabica, Allium sativum, and herbal formulations like flaxseed oil, green tea, and many more appear to be a pioneerstrategy in the therapy of these diseases, but still further investigation is required to overcome the negative outcomes of these herbs.
Review on Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: An Emerging Multidrug-
resistant Opportunistic Pathogen
Authors: Majumdar Rikhia , Karthikeyan Hariharan , Senthilnathan Vaishnavi , Sugumar Shobana
Published: May 2022

:

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen that results in nosocomial
infections in immunocompromised individuals. These bacteria colonize on the surface
of medical devices and therapeutic equipment like urinary catheters, endoscopes, and
ventilators, causing respiratory and urinary tract infections. The low outer membrane permeability
of multidrug-resistance efflux systems and the two chromosomally encoded β-
lactamases present in S. maltophilia are challenging for arsenal control. The cell-associated
and extracellular virulence factors in S. maltophilia are involved in colonization and biofilm
formation on the host surfaces. The spread of antibiotic-resistant genes in the pathogenic
S. maltophilia attributes to bacterial resistance against a wide range of antibiotics, including
penicillin, quinolones, and carbapenems. So far, tetracycline derivatives, fluoroquinolones,
and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) are considered promising antibiotics
against S. maltophilia. Due to the adaptive nature of the intrinsically resistant
mechanism towards the number of antibiotics and its ability to acquire new resistance via
mutation and horizontal gene transfer, it is quite tricky for medicinal contribution against S.
maltophilia. The current review summarizes the literary data on pathogenicity, quorum
sensing, biofilm formation, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance of S. maltophilia.