bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experience and expectations of transition to higher education: a qualitative exploration
Authors: Goldring Tia , Harper Emma , Jassal Ricky , Joseph Lorrianne , Kelly Alison , Mulrooney Hilda Mary , Piper Ian , Walker Hayden
Published: November 2018

Transition to higher education is challenging, and may be more difficult for some groups than others. The transition from level 3 foundation year into level 4 offers the opportunity to explore student perspectives. Qualitative survey and focus group data were collected from current and previous Level 3 students, to ascertain student perceptions about induction, level of belonging, confidence about Level 4 and to identify useful support sources.  Over a third of eligible Level 3 students (n=102) participated, but numbers of eligible participants from Levels 4, 5 and 6 were limited. Despite the heterogeneous nature of Level 3 students the majority of students recognised the value of the foundation year. Data suggested that Level 3 students did not identify with the university. Those who did highlighted the importance of social outlets such as clubs and societies. A major cause of dissatisfaction was perceived lack of clarity about the foundation year, including the programme, subjects and physical location of the course. This was apparent across all ethnicities, age groups and both genders. Among previous Level 3 students, personal sources of support were uniformly valued although the precise source varied by year of study. Support from academic staff, via office hours and as personal tutors, was rated as most important.  Enabling academic staff to offer support to students throughout their study, and clear consistent information available throughout an ongoing transition, may help to minimise these issues.
The Major Tritone Progression in Recent Hollywood Science Fiction Films
Authors: Murphy Scott
Published: November 2018

In the 2002 filmTreasure Planet,composer James Newton Howard accompanies the primary shot of the titular orb with an undulation between two major triads a tritone apart. I offer three approaches to understanding the appropriateness of this image/music pairing. First, I present several scenes from recent Hollywood films that conspicuously combine this triadic progression with settings of, or objects from, outer space. Second, I relay ways in which the intrinsic harmonic and voice-leading characteristics of this triadic progression invoke the concepts of great distance, ambiguity, and unfamiliarity. Third, I conclude with a more thorough study of Howard’s harmonic language in the score forTreasure Planet,suggesting that this progression and the scene it accompanies represents the culmination of musical and visual/narrative processes, respectively.
Just Intonation in Renaissance Theory and Practice
Authors: Duffin Ross W.
Published: November 2018

Just intonation has a reputation as a chimerical, theoretical system that simply cannot work in practice. This is based on the assessment of most modern authorities and supported by misgivings expressed during the Renaissance when the practice was supposedly at its height. Looming large among such misgivings are tuning puzzles printed by the 16th-century mathematician, Giovanni Battista Benedetti. However, Renaissance music theorists are so unanimous in advocating the simple acoustical ratios of Just intonation that it seems clear that some reconciliation must have occurred between the theory and practice of it. This article explores the basic theory of Just intonation as well as problematic passages used to deny its practicability, and proposes solutions that attempt to satisfy both the theory and the ear. Ultimately, a resource is offered to help modern performers approach this valuable art.
A Circular Plot for Rhythm Visualization and Analysis
Authors: Benadon Fernando
Published: November 2018

Seeing how music is organized can help us understand how it is heard. Musical rhythm usually operates within a recursive temporal framework such as a (periodic) beat or a (metered) measure. Therefore it makes sense to visualize tactus-based rhythm as a cyclical concept. This can be done using a graph that uses polar coordinates to plot temporal information. The beat is represented by a circle, with all possible time-points within the beat placed along the circle’s circumference. Radius length denotes interonset interval, with longer notes lying farther from the center of the circle. The circular plot is well suited for visualizing and analyzing expressive timing data. It can also be used to re-interpret complex rhythms, partition tempo curves, and summarize rhythmic profiles.
Exploring Complementation in Bartók’s Third Quartet
Authors: Mawer Deborah
Published: November 2018

Despite, on the one hand, a healthy if circumscribed tradition of Bartók music studies and, on the other, a continuing analytical concern with notions of complementation and contrast, I argue that these two domains have not been brought together to full effect, and that doing so can significantly enhance a reading of Bartók’s Third Quartet of 1927. In this setting, complementation applies not only to sets and pitches, but also to modes and, more broadly interpreted, to parameters such as texture, rhythm and form. Complementation across several parameters, or at different levels of significance, may operate as a multi-faceted complex which serves to heighten, or on occasion diffuse, tensions in the music.
Body, Forces, and Paths
Authors: Gur Golan
Published: November 2018

Studies by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in the field of cognitive linguistics give rise to a theory of meaning that bestows a central role on metaphorical thinking and the body. This essay explores the ramifications of physical embodiment on Jean-Philippe Rameau’s conceptualization of tonal harmony. My examination will show that Johnson’s theory of the bodily basis of metaphor is not sufficiently adequate to account for all the aspects of Rameau’s harmonic theory, and additional sources for metaphorical projection should be taken into account for its full rendering.
“At times even Homer nods off”
Authors: Diergarten Felix F.
Published: November 2018

A symphony of Haydn is the subject of criticism in a polemic by Heinrich Christoph Koch that has received no attention to date. Haydn’s name is not actually mentioned, but it can be demonstrated from the context that the reference is to Haydn’s Symphony No. 60 (“Il distratto”). This insight forces both a re-evaluation of Koch’s relationship with the work of Haydn in the context of contemporary musical aesthetics and a debate on the methodology of “historically informed” analysis.
Aspects of the Music/Text Relationship in Rap
Authors: Adams Kyle
Published: November 2018

Few scholars of rap music have analyzed rap as they would other forms of Western texted music, by examining the relationship of the music to the text. This article will suggest that this type of analysis of rap is possible, but will argue that since the music in rap is composed before the text is written, we must change our analytical focus to examine not how the music supports the text, but how the text supports the music. I will propose a new analytical method for rap, and use excerpts from A Tribe Called Quest, OutKast, and artists affiliated with them, to show how rappers incorporate rhythms, groupings, and motives from the underlying music into the rhythm of the lyrics.
Embodied Subjectivities in the Lyrical and Musical Expression of PJ Harvey and Björk
Authors: Burns Lori , Lafrance Marc , Hawley Laura
Published: November 2018

Alternative female artists PJ Harvey and Björk negotiate themes of embodied female subjectivity not only as cultural concepts, but also as musical forms; their lyrical themes are crafted within a comprehensive network of creative textual and musical expression. This music challenges the analyst to explore systematically and describe coherently the links between the lived and embodied experiences developed in the song lyrics and the sonic and expressive elements in the music, in other words to explore the links between social and musical practice. This paper develops a music-analytic method for the interpretation of the dynamic musical processes that are engaged in a socially constituted artistic expression. Our objective is to illuminate embodied dimensions of meaning through the interpretation of the materials and strategies of lyrics and music.
Charting the Score in a Multimedia Context
Authors: Donin Nicolas , Goldman Jonathan
Published: November 2018

Interested in what a contemporary practice of paradigmatic analysis might look like, the authors describe their research project aimed at studying past practices as well as conceiving of future possibilities in the form of a software tool. This article provides working, interactive samples of a prototype of this tool, which can be accessed by clicking on the applications contained in the article. By examining the “situatedness” of the analyst, the paradigmatic approach is seen not only as a precursor of the automatizing ambitions of late 20th-century music theory and musicology, but also as a structuralist reinvention of a tradition of listening that began with the analytical practices which emerged in Wagnerian Europe at the end of the 19th century.
Hayvan ve İnsan Davranışlarının Biyokimyasal, Endokrinolojik ve Hematolojik Parametreler Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÖZDİN Mehmet , MUNDAN Durhasan
Published: November 2018

Bu
çalışmanın amacı, biyokimyasal, endokrinolojik ve hematolojik parametrelerin hayvan
ve insan davranışlarına etkileri üzerine yayınlanan araştırma makaleleri ve derlemelerin
incelenerek, bu inceleme neticesinde laboratuar test sonuçlara göre davranış şekillerinin
neler olacağını ortaya koymaktır. Pubmed veritabanında "biyokimyasal, endokrinolojik ve hematolojik
parametreler, davranış değişikliği, vitamin-mineral yetersizliği" anahtar
kelimeleri kullanılarak yayınlanmış makaleler ve derlemeler taranmış, kan
parametreleri ile davranışlar arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Laboratuar tahlilleri sonucu elde edilen bu parametrelerin hayvan
ve insan davranışlarına yansıması ile davranış şekillerinde görülen
değişiklikler ele alınmıştır. Tedavide, klinik muayenelerle birlikte biyokimyasal, endokrinolojik ve hematolojik parametre
değişikliklerinin izlenmesi ile de daha
sağlıklı ve güvenilir sonuçlara ulaşılacaktır.
Adubação boratada em morangueiro cv. Camarosa
Authors: Dalla Rosa Danimar , Villa Fabíola , Stumm Diego Ricardo , Lucini Jhulyan , Corbari Fábio , Favaretto Bueno Thomas , Egewarth Jonas
Published: November 2018

No Brasil, a vasta região produtora de morangos revela variações nas condições edafoclimáticas, estando estas ligadas a fertilidade do solo e ao comportamento vegetativo e produtivo dos morangueiros. Tais condições, somadas ao longo período reprodutivo da cultura e as diferentes demandas de nutrientes durante o ciclo, exigem atenção especial no que diz respeito à adubação, principalmente com micronutrientes. Boro e zinco são dois dos micronutrientes mais importantes para a cultura, no entanto, o excesso pode causar toxidez e prejuízos. Baseado nesse dilema foi conduzido um experimento em blocos casualizados e esquema fatorial 4x3 (4 concentrações de ácido bórico x 3 épocas de aplicação), contendo 5 repetições com 2 plantas por repetição. Foram avaliados o número e massa de pseudofrutos por planta, diâmetro transversal e longitudinal, sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável. Os efeitos visuais observados foram negativos, com o aparecimento de necroses foliares, a partir da primeira época de aplicação. Houve redução do número e da massa de pseudofrutos por planta, com o aumento das dosagens. Para os diâmetros, sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável, houve interação significativa a 5% de probabilidade, e maiores valores foram obtidos quando aplicou-se maiores concentrações no final do ciclo produtivo. Tal situação é esclarecida pelo período inicial de produção na ausência de efeitos tóxicos. As adubações boratadas não contribuíram para a produção e qualidade dos pseudofrutos e a concentração inicial de boro no solo (0,84 mg B dm-3) pode ser considerada suficiente para o bom desempenho de morangueiros cv. Camarosa.
Atributos químicos e físicos de um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo sob plantio direto diferentemente manejado
Authors: Campos Silvane De Almeida , Souza Caetano Marciano de , Galvão João Carlos Cardoso , Neves Júlio César Lima
Published: November 2018

O plantio direto é uma técnica tradicionalmente adotada no Brasil. Um dos avanços neste sistema é sua realização de forma orgânica, linha de trabalho ainda pouco pesquisada e de resultados pouco conhecidos. Assim, realizou-se este estudo com o objetivo de determinar alguns atributos químicos e físicos de um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo sob plantio direto diferentemente manejado. O delineamento estatístico adotado foi blocos casualizados, com três repetições, em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 compreendendo três áreas: plantio direto (PD), plantio direto orgânico (PDO) e mata nativa (MN), e duas profundidades de amostragem do solo (0-20 e 20-40 cm). As amostras de solo foram coletadas para a determinação dos atributos químicos [pH em água, teores de matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) e de Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, B] e físicos [densidade do solo (DS), argila dispersa em água (ADA), grau de floculação (GF), umidade na capacidade de campo (CC) e no ponto de murcha permanente (PMP), capacidade de água disponível (CAD) e classe textural]. Os atributos químicos avaliados, com exceção do Zn (0-20 cm), apresentaram comportamento similar para as áreas de PD e PDO, independente da profundidade amostrada. O sistema plantio direto favoreceu a manutenção do teor de MOS, sendo equivalente à MN. Com relação às condições físicas, os sistemas PD e PDO preservaram a DS de modo similar à MN, não havendo compactação nestas áreas. Tais sistemas apresentaram maior disponibilidade de água para as plantas em comparação a área preservada, nas duas profundidades.
Quality and physiological changes of basil after hydrocooling and storage in two temperatures
Authors: Guimarães Lara Nascimento , Lima Paula Cristina Carvalho , Finger Fernando Luiz
Published: November 2018

O manjericão é uma planta aromática, com potencial condimentar, medicinal e ornamental. Como as folhas de manjericão são suscetíveis à rápida desidratação logo após a colheita, a remoção do calor pela técnica de pré-resfriamento pode ser uma alternativa para aumentar a vida de prateleira do produto. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar mudanças qualitativas e fisiológicas relacionadas à pós-colheita de manjericão ‘Roxinho’, durante o armazenamento em embalagens em temperatura ambiente e 5 ºC, com uso ou não de hidroresfriamento e com dois tempos de exposição ao hidroresfriamento (5 e 10 minutos). As informações foram analisadas em parcelas subdivididas, as parcelas correspondem aos tratamentos e as sub-parcelas aos tempos de armazenamento, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com três repetições, sendo cada unidade experimental uma embalagem contendo 25 g de ramos de manjericão. Foram avaliadas as variáveis perda de massa cumulativa, teor relativo de água, conteúdo de clorofila e fração de fenóis solúveis. Os ramos de manjericão armazenados a 5 °C mostraram menores perdas de massa e maior teor relativo de água quando comparado ao armazenamento em temperatura ambiente. Os tratamentos com hidroresfriamento mantiveram maiores concentrações de clorofila durante o armazenamento, retardando a senescência dos tecidos. O hidroresfriamento por 5 minutos seguido de armazenamento a 5 ºC foi eficiente em conservar os ramos de manjericão, mantendo aspectos qualitativos e fisiológicos do produto até o 4º dia de armazenamento.
Metodologias para determinação de massa específica de grãos
Authors: Botelho Fernando Mendes , Faria Bruna Maria Eziquiel Marques de , Botelho Silvia De Carvalho Campos , Ruffato Solenir , Nogueira Roberta Martins
Published: November 2018

A massa específica é um dos principais índices qualitativos dos grãos e essa propriedade é influenciada por fatores como teor de impurezas, variedade e teor de água. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho verificar se a metodologia empregada para determinar a massa específica pode ser apontada como uma fonte de variação dos resultados dessa propriedade. Foram utilizados grãos de: arroz (em casca e beneficiado), feijão, girassol, milho e soja. As metodologias utilizadas para a determinação da massa específica aparente foram: recipiente de 1 L com índice de esbeltez igual a 1, balança de peso hectolitro (¼ L) e complementação de volume em proveta. Para a massa específica unitária os métodos foram: complementação de volume em proveta, indireto, diferença de volume (bureta), atribuição de forma geométrica, empuxo, complementação de volume em balão volumétrico e teor dos constituintes. Verificou-se, de modo geral, que há diferenças no valor experimental tanto da massa específica aparente quanto para a massa específica unitária de acordo com a metodologia empregada. A forma e tamanho dos grãos aliado ao volume útil disponível do recipiente, para o caso da massa específica aparente, são fatores que influenciam o resultado.
Disponibilidade de cálcio e crescimento de mudas de eucalipto sob estresse salino
Authors: Matos Fabio Santos , Oliveira Cleiton Da Silva , Gomes Ivana Da Silva , Pacheco Jessica Schroder , Ribeiro Dalton
Published: November 2018

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do estresse salino e disponibilidade de cálcio no crescimento de mudas de eucalipto. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus de Ipameri, Goiás em casa de vegetação com 80% de interceptação da radiação solar. Os clones do híbrido (Eucaliptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis) com 120 dias de idade foram adquiridos de empresa certificada e especializada na produção de mudas. As plantas foram transferidas para vasos com capacidade de cinco litros preenchidos com areia previamente lavada. O experimento foi montado seguindo o delineamento em blocos casualizados em arranjo fatorial 2x2 (plantas diariamente irrigadas com solução nutritiva de Clark com 2,56 mmol L-1 ou 0 mmol L-1 de cálcio x plantas irrigadas com água destilada ou água salina com 100 mg L-1 de NaCl) e sete repetições. O pH da solução nutritiva foi mensurado diariamente e ajustado no intervalo de 5,8 a 6,4. As mudas foram irrigadas diariamente com solução nutritiva completa de Clark por 10 dias e, em seguida, foram submetidas durante 45 dias aos tratamentos. As plantas de eucalipto irrigadas com solução salina apresentaram vigoroso crescimento vegetativo e ausência de sintomas de toxidez. A redução da biomassa de plantas submetidas a salinidade está relacionada com a redução da disponibilidade de água em função do baixo potencial osmótico  da solução. O aumento na concentração de Na+ resultou em decréscimo na concentração de Ca2+ trocável e desequilíbrio iônico.
Organic Soybean Meal in Diet for Nile Tilapia
Authors: Signor Flávia Renata Potrich , Signor Arcangelo Augusto , Feiden Aldi , Neu Dacley Herts , Nervis Juliana Alice Losch , Boscolo Wilson Rogerio
Published: November 2018

Aiming to assess organic soybean meal (OSM) for Nile tilapia, two studies were carried out: Study I - digestibility of OSM compared to conventional soybean meal (CSM) for Nile tilapia; and Study II - effect of OSM and CSM, supplemented or not with fish meal (FM) on the performance of Nile tilapia fingerlings. The apparent digestibility coefficients of the protein were 88.24 and 88.10%, resulting in 39.91 and 39.87% digestible protein for OSM and CSM, respectively. The apparent digestibility coefficients of energy were 75.92 and 70.48%, resulting in 3579.46 and 3141.44 kcal kg-1 of digestible energy for OSM and CSM, respectively. The diet containing CSM+FM presented the best results for final weight and weight gain. However, the highest levels of crude protein in the fish carcass were observed in the animals fed with the OSM + FM diet. The OSM diet presented the best results for total protein and albumin in the blood. The OSM diet has good apparent digestibility coefficients and its use in tilapia feeding presents a satisfactory productive performance and a higher deposition of protein in the carcass when supplemented with 20% of fish meal.
Caracterização pós-colheita de variedade de caqui produzidas no Cerrado de Goiás
Authors: Sá Naiara Silvério de , Camilo Yanuzi Mara Vargas , Damasceno Gabriella Dalila Borges , Nascimento Lucas Marquezan
Published: November 2018

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi caracterizar física e quimicamente, variedades de caqui (Diospyros kaki L) produzidas em região de clima tropical, visando obter características de qualidade para consumo in natura e/ou processamento. As variedades analisadas foram: Rama forte, Giombo e Pomelo. A coleta dos frutos foi realizada em 5 plantas de cada variedade, coletados 10 frutos por planta, obtendo um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 5 repetições. A coleta foi manual e aleatória, quando os frutos se apresentaram maduros. Os frutos foram avaliados fisicamente quanto à massa, altura e diâmetro dos frutos, e número e massa de sementes por fruto; e quimicamente quanto ao pH, teor de sólidos solúveis totais, acidez titulável, ratio, umidade, cinzas, proteína, lipídeos, e carboidratos. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA e comparadas pelo teste Tukey a 5%. Não houve diferença significativa entre as cultivares para as variáveis químicas, com exceção dos sólidos solúveis totais, que apresentou mais elevado na cultivar Giombo. As variáveis físicas apresentaram diferença significativa, com a cultivar Pomelo destacando quanto ao peso, altura e diâmetro. O Giombo apresentou maior número de sementes. As variedades se mostraram aptas a serem produzidas em ambientes de clima tropical, apresentando boas características de qualidade para o comércio in natura e ao processamento.
Comparison various body measurements of Aksaray Malakli and Kangal Dogs
Authors: OGRAK Yusuf Ziya , ÖZTÜRK Nurşen , AKIN Dilara , ÖZCAN Mustafa
Published: November 2018

This study was conducted to compare and evaluate some body measurements of Kangal Dog and Aksaray Malakli Dog breeds. The study group consist of dogs with an age range from 2 to 5 years. Samples for Kangal dogs were obtained from Sivas and for Aksaray Malakli dogs from Aksaray province. Observations from ten dogs from both species (5 male and 5 female), in total 20 adult dogs were used for this study. Some of the morphological characteristics as black mask around the head, cream fur colour and holding spiral tail were found evident for Kangal dogs while in all Aksaray Malakli dogs the head and body size, thimbleful black mask around the head, and 6th nail existence were determined as descriptive differences between the genotypes. While the effect of gender on muzzle length, body index and bone index was not found to be significant, it was found significant for other body measurements. The rump lengths in male Aksaray Malakli dogs were significantly larger than male Kangal dogs (P<0.001). However, this trait was not significant for female dogs. This can be associated with the significant interaction between breed and gender (P<0.01). Body index also showed the same trend. Also, withers height and head circumference traits were found significant (P<0.001) for male and female Aksaray Malakli dogs and for male and female Kangal dogs (P<0.01). This can be a reason for the significant interaction between breed and gender. As a conclusion, although there are some phenotypic similarities between Kangal and Aksaray Malakli dogs, obtained body measurements showed significant differences. Furthermore, Aksaray Malakli dogs tend to have bigger body structure than Kangal dogs.
Stratagem Rationality of Traditional China
Authors: Krushinskiy Andrey
Published: November 2018

For a long time, leading European thinkers have denied systematic, theoretical and rational nature of Chinese traditional thinking, unpretentiously reading it as banal moralizing (“moral philosophy,” at best – “moral metaphysics,” etc.), not supported by any proper philosophical discourse. However, the habitual socioethical label conceals a much deeper problematic of strategic thinking. At its center, there is the question of choosing all sorts of strategies: from everyday life to special technical ones, from personal existential choice to fateful state decisions. The concept of a winning strategy is emblematized by the dramatic plot of a deadly risk (“stepping on a tiger’s tail”) but under certain conditions with guaranteed happy end. The strategy of harmony (he 和), which is miraculous in its effectiveness, is proposed as a exemplary strategy. It allows you to “step on the tiger’s tail” with impunity (lü hu wei履 虎尾). From the point of view of strategic thinking, the criterion of cognitive value of reasoning is its effectiveness (in the context of a particular game), and the most effective is unmistakable prediction, i.e. the ability to predict the outcome of future developments with the help of reasoning. In the ideal case (under certain conditions), prognostic reasoning becomes not just plausible but 100% reliable that is an apodictic true inference. Therefore, the highest cognitive status in the Chinese intellectual tradition is endowed with guaranteed error-free prognostic reasoning. This type of reasoning, where the reliability of foresight is guaranteed by the implementation of a certain winning strategy, can be called the prognostic form of deduction. As a result, the dynamism of Chinese logic, which relies on a deliberate staging of the future (sometimes with the help of stratagems of varying degrees of cunning), is strikingly different from the static nature of the classical image of logic (both traditional and modern), where logic is no more than a static guardian of correctness of reasoning. On the contrary, the Chinese concept of logic focuses on deriving consequences from strategic considerations regarding the future, actively and purposefully shaped by the subject who at the same time constructing both himself and the world around him.
Historiosophical Sources and Meanings of the Russian Philosophy of History
Authors: Sizemskaya Irina
Published: November 2018

The article analyzes the socio-cultural and theoretical origins of the Russian philosophy of history. These origins determined the development of the philosophy of history as a special feld of philosophical knowledge. This process took place in the second half of the 19th century, a significant factor of which was the split within the cultural and spiritual unity of Russian society on the wave of Alexander II’s reforms associated with the abolition of serfdom. In this period the subject-matter of the philosophy of history was defned. In the author’s opinion, the subject-matter of the philosophy of history includes: 1) the historical process in its universal human dimensions and in “past – present – future” movement, 2) the life of society in historically concrete forms of the organization of human community, 3) historical epistemology. The article shows why the philosophy of history, formed in this research feld, was established in the public consciousness and intellectual context as historiosophy, i.e. knowledge of spiritual senses, the beginning and end of history. This philosophical-historical paradigm excluded the oppositions, on the one hand, between philosophical knowledge and historical science and, on the other hand, between the philosophy of the history and social philosophy. As the main ideas of the Russian philosophy of history during that period, the author considers the idea of the integrity of historical existence as an “organic life” (Granovsky) and the idea of the variability of the historical process, interpreted as the constant inclination of history to “permanent improvisation” (Herzen). The author pays special attention to the development of the concepts of “transitional form” and “chaos,” which provide the acceleration of the progressive movement of history and the possibility of an active and responsible participation of an individual and masses in it. The attention to this problem introduced the spiritual and moral component into the ontological basis of the historical process as well as the concept of necessity and chance, freedom and violence, revolution and evolution into the conceptual apparatus of philosophical and historical knowledge. As a result, simultaneously with the metaphysical principles, the principles of concrete historical and axiological analysis were integrated into the methodology of the philosophy of history. This approach to the analysis of the historical process has preserved its heuristic potential to the present day.
Word and Deed in the Novels of I.S. Turgenev
Authors: Neretina Svetlana
Published: November 2018

Russian classic writer Ivan Turgenev, analyzing the Russian reality of the second half of the 19th century, presented inside one work – novel Smoke – an anthropological review of society, showing a change in the speech styles of different layers of the population. The novel is dominated by the idea of a dialogue of cultures – an obvious dialogue of Western European and Russian culture, and no less obvious dialogue that took place within the multitude of Russian cultures: gentry’s and common people’s, merchants’, raznochintsys’, and philistines’ cultures. In Turgenev’s novel, the sign of a new time is freely discussed opportunities of solving the problems that have arisen, fnding solutions not in a rational way but in the hope for suddenness and fortune. However, the ways of solving problems, regardless of the possibilities for their implementation, must be discussed, argued, and analyzed. Therefore, the novel intuitively shows the way of the birth of a parliament, which was absent inRussia at that time. The article demonstrates the importance of a rational, philosophical way of reasoning, which can become a life principle when words and deeds correspond with each other. Turgenev in some way – through different speech instances – stratifed the new generation, showing a new face of unstableRussia. The main driving force of many, if not all, of Turgenev’s novels is freedom and the words and deeds born by it. A previously unseen fgure of a revolutionary appears, expressing a new attitude to society and to power. Turgenev’s modernity and timeliness consists in fxing such a mentality in which the emphasis is placed on the metaphysical idea of the beginning: it exists, it receives an impetus – and there is almost no movement, everything is only projected, only utopized, turning the thinker into an odd man. And although not only the idea of freedom, but thefree state of a person is recognized as a historical fact (this Hegelian thought appeals to Turgenev), he emphasizes that Russian freedom was born without waking up.
The Cultural and Philosophical Meaning of the Motif of Loneliness: The Personality and Creative Work of I.S. Turgenev
Authors: Zlotnikova Tatiana
Published: November 2018

The article deals with the little-studied but actual problem of loneliness of an outstanding creative personality as a consequence of stereotypical understanding of his works and activity. The cultural and philosophical meaning of Ivan Turgenev’s motif of loneliness is that he was a lone creator, recognized by Russian critics and historians of literature (V. Belinsky, D. Merezhkovsky, V. Rozanov) only in the context of the activities of other recognized great writers: Pushkin, Gogol, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Chekhov. The problem of loneliness is revealed through the paradoxical statement by Turgenev (in the essay “Hamlet and Don Quixote”) on the question about strange loners and aggressive crowd. The paper presents the loneliness of I.S. Turgenev as a rejection of the understandable and normality among the non-understandable and weirdness. In Russian literatury critical and historico-cultural tradition, during the discussion of Russian classics, the general opinion (N. Berdyaev, D. Andreev, V. Nabokov) has been formed: Turgenev is apparently non-Russian author (because he is very European unlike N. Berdyev and V. Nabokov themselves), moreover he is not a classic writer indeed (if you count that a classic writer should be irrational, when Turgenev is understandable).
ASPEK HUKUM PERAN PEMERINTAH KOTA MAKASSAR DALAM PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Amalia Huduri Andi Nurlaila
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaturan prosedur pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga di Kota Makassar, berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah Kota Makassar Nomor 4 Tahun 2011 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui tanggung jawab pemerintah dalam pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Makassar. Adapun yang menjadi lokasi penelitian adalah Kantor Dinas Pertamanan dan Kebersihan Kota Makassar dan beberapa kantor kecamatan yang ada di Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara pengumpulan data dari tempat penelitian tersebut, ada pun data yang diambil adalah data yang akan dianalisi sesuai permasalahan yang terjadi. Pendekatan kedua adalah dengan wawancara pada narasumber di beberapa lokasi. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pengaturan prosedur pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga yang berjalan dengan baik untuk memenuhi hak dan kewajiban masyarakat, meskipun tanggung jawab pemerintah dalam pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga sebagian telah terpenuhi walaupun belum seluruhnya dirasakan oleh masyarakat dan belum terealisasikannya beberapa rencana kerja dalam pengelolaan sampah untuk tahun 2016 oleh pemerintah Kota Makassar.Kata kunci: prosedur pengelolaan, sampah rumah tangga
Deforestation and mosquito-borne diseases: another 'wake-up call' to Latin America
Authors: ALARCÓN-ELBAL Pedro Mª
Published: November 2018

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Treatment abandonment among patients with HIV infection in a reference center in southeastern Brazil
Authors: LIMA Raquel Tozzo de , MELO Márcio Cristiano de , DONALÍSIO Maria Rita
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study was to analyze the sociodemographic, epidemiological, clinical and laboratory-related factors associated with the abandonment of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the clinical and laboratory follow-up data of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This retrospective case-control study was conducted in the Reference Centre for Sexually Transmitted Diseases AIDS of Campinas-SP, from 2010 to 2015, with 50 cases of treatment abandonment and 66 cases with treatment and regular follow-ups. After univariate analysis, the multiple logistic regression model was adjusted using the cases, controls and covariables of interest. Being black/brownskinned, unemployed and heterosexual, and having a smoking habit were associated with abandonment, while a higher level of education and the presence of a multi-professional healthcare team predicted adherence to ART and follow-up. Hence, ART abandonment and follow-up are associated with unfavorable socioeconomic indicators and not with the integral care to patients. Our results may help in the identification of patients at a risk of abandoning treatment and follow-up, and formulation of prevention strategies for the same.
The Risk of Climate Change Cliché
Authors: Vuong Quan-Hoang
Published: November 2018

Climate change is one of the most talked about issues on the planet, yet recently there has been a surge of skepticism towards its existence. After all, even EPA leader Scott Pruitt–who had recently resigned after certain ethics scandals–has claimed carbon dioxide emission not to be the main cause of climate change [1]. Rather than dismissing such assertions as stemming from corporate interest or just another conspiracy, we should ask ourselves why such arguments have made it into the mainstream at all. The reason might have a lot to do with the fact that climate change has become a buzzword. The general public is overexposed to not only the term but also the lineup of the consequences of climate change: global warming, ocean acidification, etc. The amount of discussion spent on climate change has saturated public attention and trivializes the matter, especially to people who didn’t truly feel concerned in the first place. As such, a large part of the public has come to believe that just discussing climate change–rather than doing anything about it–is enough.
Sharks, rays and abortion: The prevalence of capture-induced parturition in elasmobranchs
Authors: Adams Kye R. , Fetterplace Lachlan , Davis Andrew R. , Taylor Matthew D. , Knott Nathan A.
Published: November 2018

The direct impacts of fishing on chondrichthyans (sharks, rays and chimeras) are well established. Here we review a largely unreported, often misinterpreted and poorly understood indirect impact of fishing on these animals — capture-induced parturition (either premature birth or abortion). Although direct mortality of discarded sharks and rays has been estimated, the prevalence of abortion/premature birth and subsequent generational mortality remains largely unstudied. We synthesize a diffuse body of literature to reveal that a conservative estimate of > 12% of live bearing elasmobranchs (n = 88 species) show capture-induced parturition. For those species with adequate data, we estimate capture-induced parturition events ranging from 2 to 85% of pregnant females (average 24%). To date, capture-induced parturition has only been observed in live-bearing species. We compile data on threat-levels, method of capture, reproductive mode and gestation extent of premature/aborted embryos. We also utilise social media to identify 41 social-media links depicting a capture-induced parturition event which provide supplementary visual evidence for the phenomenon. The mortality of embryos will have implications for elasmobranch populations, and there are limited options to deal with this problem. This review is the first to synthesize available data on capture-induced parturition in sharks and rays, and highlights an important ethical and management issue for fishers and managers deserving of much greater attention.
Fuller and the Folk: The Inner Morality of Law Revisited
Authors: Donelson Raff , Hannikainen Ivar Rodríguez
Published: November 2018

Forthcoming in T. Lombrozo, J. Knobe, & S. Nichols (Eds.), Oxford Studies in Experimental Philosophy, Volume 3. Oxford: UK, Oxford University Press.
Separating random and deterministic sources of computational noise in explore-exploit decisions
Authors: Wang Siyu , Wilson Robert C
Published: November 2018

Human decision making is inherently variable. While this variability is often seen as a sign of suboptimal behavior, recent work suggests that variability can actually be adaptive. An example arises when we must choose between exploring unknown options or exploiting options we know well. A little randomness in these ‘explore-exploit’ decisions is remarkably effective as it can encourage us to explore options we might otherwise ignore. In line with this idea, several studies have found evidence that people increase their behavioral variability when it is valuable to explore. A key question, however, is whether this variability in so-called ‘random exploration’ is actually random. That is, is random exploration driven by stochastic processes in the brain or by some unobserved deterministic process that we have failed to account for when measuring behavioral variability? By designing an explore-exploit task in which, unbeknownst to them, participants are presented with the exact same choice twice, we provide a partial answer to this question. By modeling behavior in this task, we were able to estimate a lower bound on the amount of variability that is deterministically driven by the stimulusand an upper bound on the amount of variability that is random. Using this approach, we find evidence that at least 14% of the variability in random exploration in our studied task can be accounted for by deterministic processing of the stimulus. Conversely, this suggests that up to 86% of the variabilityis truly ‘random’, although it is still possible that this variability is driven by deterministic factors not related to the stimulus. Finally, our results suggest that both deterministic and random sources of variability change proportionally to each other as the value of exploration increases, suggesting that a common noise gating mechanism may be at play in random exploration.
Bayesian analysis of subjective ranking data using Thurstonian Models: Tutorial, novel methods, and an open-source library
Authors: Giles Oscar Terence , Romano Richard , Markkula Gustav
Published: November 2018

Subjective ranking data are ubiquitous in behavioural research, design and marketing. Subjective ranking data arise when subjects are asked to order a set of items or stimuli according to some criteria. For example, a psychologist may ask subjects to order a set of faces according to their perceived 'friendliness', while an automotive engineer may rank a set of vehicle prototypes according to their subjectively perceived stability. Thurstonian models provide a powerful framework for analysing ranking data, but have not seen widespread use in the behavioural sciences. By modelling discrete rankings as arising from a set of continuous latent variables, Thurstonian models can extend the flexibility of generalised linear models to ranking data. This allows us to estimate aggregate (or "consensus") ranks for a group of participants, incorporate covariates into the models, test for differences between conditions and populations, and assess the degree of agreement between rankings from multiple subjects. Here we provide an introduction to Thurstonian models, and illustrate how these, when coupled with Bayesian estimation approaches, can provide a powerful tool for analysing ranking data. Specifically, using three example datasets, including both simulated data and data from our own research on subjective impressions of driving simulators, we illustrate how we can fit and interpret Thurstonian models. We demonstrate a number of novel approaches for summarising the Bayesian Thurstonian model fits using distance metrics, and provide an open source code library which allows users to flexibly specify and fit Thurstonian models. This implementation uses a novel reformulation of the Thurstonian model, which admits the use of Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, a fast and efficient algorithm for fitting Bayesian models.
An Ethical Framework for a Good AI Society: Opportunities, Risks, Principles, and Recommendations
Authors: Floridi Luciano , Cowls Josh , Beltrametti Monica , Chatila Raja , Chazerand Patrice , Dignum Virginia , Luetge Christoph , Madelin Robert , Pagallo Ugo , Rossi Francesca , Schafer Burkhard , Valcke Peggy , Vayena Effy
Published: November 2018

This article reports the findings of AI4People, a year-long initiative designed to lay the foundations for a “Good AI Society”. We introduce the core opportunities and risks of AI for society; present a synthesis of five ethical principles that should undergird its development and adoption; and offer 20 concrete recommendations – to assess, to develop, to incentivise, and to support good AI – which in some cases may be undertaken directly by national or supranational policy makers, while in others may be led by other stakeholders. If adopted, these recommendations would serve as a firm foundation for the establishment of a Good AI Society.
Free convective flow of a couple stress fluid through a vertical porous channel in the presence of a transverse magnetic field
Authors: Siddalinga M. Prasad , Shashikala B. S.
Published: November 2018

Nonlinear oberbeck convection of a couple stress fluid in a vertical porous channel in the presence of transverse magnetic field is investigated in this paper. Analytical solution is obtained using the perturbation technique for vanishing values of the buoyancy parameter. Numerical solution of the nonlinear governing equations is obtained using the finite difference technique to validate the results obtained from the analytical solutions. The influence of the physical parameters on the flow, such as couple stress parameter, Hartmann number, temperature parameter, porous parameter and buoyancy parameter are evaluated and presented graphically. A new approach is used to analyse the flow for strong, weak and comparable porosity cases. It is found that increase in porous parameter, couple stress parameter, Hartmann number and temperature parameters decrease the velocity considerably.Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 12, No. I, June, 2016, Page: 49-62
Translational research: Current status, challenges and future strategies in Nepal
Authors: Parajuli Surya B. , Bhattarai P , KC Heera
Published: November 2018

The concept of translational research is emerging around the globe. The practice of clinical care, health promotion and health care delivery system need to be evidence based. Translational research is the utmost solution to generate evidence and implement the scientific findings. Now the time has come to conduct translational research in Nepal to generate our own evidence and to integrate it into the policy of new federal health system. The objective of this review article was to identify status, challenges and future strategies of translational research in Nepal.
Education with Human Touch
Authors: Baral Gehanath
Published: November 2018

Obstetrics and gynecology education deals with the physiological processes and pathology equally. Three competency domains as knowledge, skills and attitudes are equally important. Scientific and ethical clinical practice survives only with the education that has human touch.
Association between Anogenital Distance and External Genital Anomalies in Nigerian Newborn Infants
Authors: Onyiriuka Alphonsus N , Ikeanyi Eugene M
Published: November 2018

Aim: Animal studies regarding endocrine dysfunction have linked anomalies of male external genitalia with reduced anogenital distance (AGD). Human studies have associated shorter AGD with genital anomalies in males. The aim of the present study is to report the AGD measurement among Nigerian newborn infants with undescended testis and/or hypospadias and compare the results with that of infants with normal external genitalia. Methods: In this case-control study, the AGD of 17 newborn infants with abnormal external genitalia (undescended testis (UDT)/hypospadias) was measured and the result compared with that of 34 newborn infants with normal external genitalia (descended testes and no hypospadias, epispadias or chordee). Each case recruited was matched for birth weight and length with two controls delivered consecutively. Thus, a total of 51 (cases and controls) newborn infants were ultimately studied. The differences in AGD between infants with abnormal external genitalia compared with that of infants with normal external genitalia were examined, using two-tailed Student’s t-test, with p-value set at < 0.05. In addition, the AGD in infants with hypospadias was compared with the AGD in infants with UDT. Results: The mean AGD was 27.6±4.9mm (95% CI = 26.0-29.2), 26.3±5.4mm (95% CI = 23.0-29.6) and 25.1±6.2 mm (95 CI = 20.1-30.1) in infants with normal external genitalia, UDT and hypospadias, respectively; p > 0.05. The mean AGD was shorter in infants with hypospadias compared with infants with UDT, p > 0.05. Conclusions:  The AGD in Nigerian newborn infants with either UDT or hypospadias tended to be shorter than that of their counterparts with normal genitals and this reduction was more in infants with hypospadias compared with infants with UDT.