bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Dimethylzinc to Acyl‐N‐methylimidazole Michael Acceptors: Scope, Limitations and Iterative Reactions
Authors: Drissi‐Amraoui Sammy , Schmid Thibault E. , Lauberteaux Jimmy , Crévisy Christophe , Baslé Olivier , de Figueiredo Renata Marcia , Halbert Stéphanie , Gérard Hélène , Mauduit Marc , Campagne Jean‐Marc
Published: August 2016

An efficient copper‐catalyzed enantioselective conjugate addition of dimethylzinc to unsaturated 2‐acyl‐N‐methylimidazoles has been achieved using a chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl‐NHC ligand. The reactions proceed with excellent regioselectivity (1,4 vs. 1,6 and 1,8) in extended conjugated systems to afford the 1,4‐adducts in high enantioselectivities. This regioselectivity could be ascertained by DFT studies highlighting the crucial role of the imidazole ring. Thanks to the development of efficient protocols to regenerate the unsaturated 2‐acyl‐N‐methylimidazole moiety, an iterative process has been developed ultimately leading to 3,5,7 all‐syn or anti‐anti polydeoxypropionate stereodiads.

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Entwicklung von Strom‐Lastprofilen für Schulgebäude und Anwendung für die energetische Bewertung auf Quartiersebene
Authors: Weißmann Claudia , Kumpf Lena , Graubner Carl‐Alexander
Published: August 2016

Die Umsetzung der Energiewende stellt eines der wichtigsten Ziele für eine zuverlässige, umweltschonende und wirtschaftliche Energieversorgung in der Zukunft dar. Durch die hohe Fluktuation der Stromerzeugung aus erneuerbaren Energiequellen ist es notwendig, den Strombedarf von Gebäuden in kleinen Zeitschrittweiten zu kennen. Hierfür eignen sich Lastprofile, die die typische Variabilität des Strombedarfs über den Tagesverlauf beschreiben. Für Schulgebäude existierten bislang keine charakteristischen Strom‐Lastprofile. Die Entwicklung dieser Profile für Grundschulen und weiterführende Schulen, basierend auf den Realdaten von 12 Schulgebäuden, wird im Rahmen dieses Artikels erläutert. Hierbei wird zunächst das methodische Vorgehen für die Entwicklung von typtagbezogenen Strom‐Lastprofilen, die der Charakteristik der VDI 4655 Referenzlastprofile ähneln, erläutert. Im Anschluss wird aufgezeigt, wie diese tagesbezogenen Profile zu einem Jahreslastgang für beliebige Klimazonen aggregiert werden können. In einem Fallbeispiel wird abschließend die Anwendung der entwickelten Profile für die energetische Bewertung von Quartieren demonstriert.

Development of electricity load profiles for educational buildings and application for district energy assessment. Realizing the turnaround in energy policy is one of the most important goals in achieving a reliable, environmentally friendly and economic energy supply in the future. Because of the high fluctuation of electricity production from renewable energy sources, the energy demand of buildings has to be determined in small time steps. For this purpose load profiles can be applied which describe typical variations in electricity demand over the day. For educational buildings electricity load profiles do not exist yet. The development of such profiles for primary and secondary schools, based on real‐time data of 12 educational buildings, will be described within this paper. First, the methodology for the development of typical day electricity load profiles, which resemble the characteristics of the VDI 4655 reference load profiles, will be explained. After that, it will be illustrated how these daily profiles can be aggregated to a yearly load profile for any desired climate zone. In a final case study the application of the developed profiles for the energetic assessment of an urban district will be demonstrated.
Conferring biological activity to native spider silk: A biofunctionalized protein‐based microfiber
Authors: Wu Hsuan‐Chen , Quan David N. , Tsao Chen‐Yu , Liu Yi , Terrell Jessica L. , Luo Xiaolong , Yang Jen‐Chang , Payne Gregory F. , Bentley William E.
Published: August 2016

Spider silk is an extraordinary material with physical properties comparable to the best scaffolding/structural materials, and as a fiber it can be manipulated with ease into a variety of configurations. Our work here demonstrates that natural spider silk fibers can also be used to organize biological components on and in devices through rapid and simple means. Micron scale spider silk fibers (5–10 μm in diameter) were surface modified with a variety of biological entities engineered with pentaglutamine tags via microbial transglutaminase (mTG). Enzymes, enzyme pathways, antibodies, and fluorescent proteins were all assembled onto spider silk fibers using this biomolecular engineering/biofabrication process. Additionally, arrangement of biofunctionalized fiber should in of itself generate a secondary level of biomolecular organization. Toward this end, as proofs of principle, spatially defined arrangement of biofunctionalized spider silk fiber was shown to generate effects specific to silk position in two cases. In one instance, arrangement perpendicular to a flow produced selective head and neck carcinoma cell capture on silk with antibodies complexed to conjugated protein G. In a second scenario, asymmetric bacterial chemotaxis arose from asymmetric conjugation of enzymes to arranged silk. Overall, the biofabrication processes used here were rapid, required no complex chemistries, were biologically benign, and also the resulting engineered silk microfibers were flexible, readily manipulated and functionally active. Deployed here in microfluidic environments, biofunctional spider silk fiber provides a means to convey complex biological functions over a range of scales, further extending its potential as a biomaterial in biotechnological settings. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 83–95. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION METHOD OF LOW PERMEABLE SANDSTONE PORE STRUCTURE BASED ON NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR) LOGGING: A CASE STUDY OF Es4 FORMATION IN THE SOUTH SLOPE OF DONGYING SAG
Authors: Jian-Ping YAN , Dan-Ni WEN , Zun-Zhi LI , Bin GENG , Jin-Gong CAI , Qiang LIANG , Yu YAN
Published: August 2016

Low permeability sandstone has become an important target of exploration and development for increasing reserves and productions, while the complicated pore structure makes the reservoir and its effectiveness difficult to accurately identify. We used the physical property, mercury injection, and nuclear magnetic data to analyze the pore structure of low permeability sandstone of the Es4 in the south slope of Dongying sag, and divided the pore structure into three different types. Nuclear magnetic T2 spectrum and capillary pressure can reflect the distribution of pore throat to a certain extent. The pseudo capillary pressure curve reconstructed by T2 spectrum with the routine method can be used to invert for the pore radius distribution, but there is a large error between the pore radius distribution and capillary pressure pore‐throat radius distribution. The rock pore free fluid T2 and mercury intrusion pore throat size distribution have a better corresponding relationship. Therefore, this relationship is used to construct the formula for different pore structure types and on different pore scales (large scale: the linear relationship; small scale: power function in different scale). By identifying the pore structure types along the wellbore profile, we can further determine the pore radius distribution using NML data without building the pseudo capillary curve. And this method not only supply a direct evidence for efficiency evaluation of low permeability sandstone reservoir, but also play an important role in the exploration of quantitative inversion of the pore radius distribution on a micro‐scale.
Expression of p16INK4A in cervical precancerous lesions is unlikely to be preventable by human papillomavirus vaccines
Authors: Badiga Suguna , Chambers Michelle M. , Huh Warner , Eltoum Isam‐Eldin A. , Piyathilake Chandrika J.
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND

Whether higher grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN grade 2 or greater [CIN ≥ 2]) that develops because of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes not included in vaccines may progress to cervical cancer is largely unknown. The objectives of this study were to document expression of the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16) tumor‐suppressor protein p16INK4A as a biomarker of cervical carcinogenesis or of malignant potential and to evaluate whether its expression differs between lesions associated with vaccine and nonvaccine high‐risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes.

METHODS

The study population consisted of 371 women who had not received HPV vaccines. Women were categorized into vaccine and nonvaccine HR‐HPV genotypes and lesions associated with those types. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between positive expression p16INK4A and the risk of being diagnosed with CIN 2 or CIN 3. Differences in the proportion of CIN ≥2 lesions that were positive for p16INK4A expression by vaccine‐related or nonvaccine‐related HR‐HPV genotype were determined using the Pearson chi‐square test.

RESULTS

Specimens that were positive for p16INK4A expression were 5.3 and 16.6 times more likely to be diagnosed as CIN 2 and CIN 3 lesions, respectively, compared to CIN 1 lesions. CIN ≥ 2 lesions that were negative for the bivalent and 9‐valent HR‐HPV genotypes had similar rates of positive p16INK4A expression compared with lesions that were positive for those HR‐HPV genotypes.

CONCLUSIONS

Lesions that may develop because of HR‐HPV genotypes not included in HPV vaccines are likely to have similar malignant potential, suggesting that well developed screening programs combined with nonvaccine‐based approaches may be needed to manage the residual risk of developing cervical cancer in the post‐HPV vaccination era. Cancer 2016;122:3615‐23. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Analysis and Purification of Mouse Intestinal Dendritic Cell and Macrophage Subsets by Flow Cytometry
Authors: Koscsó Balázs , Bogunovic Milena
Published: August 2016

The unit presents a method for analysis of intestinal dendritic cell (DC) and macrophage subsets by flow cytometry in the single cell suspension prepared from the mouse small and large intestine (Basic Protocol). describes a strategy to enrich the hematopoietic cell fraction in the sample by Percoll gradient centrifugation, and describes preparation of single cell suspensions from specific tissue layers of the small intestine, such as the epithelium, villi mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa. Finally, Support Protocol explains how to purify specific intestinal DC and macrophage subsets by flow‐cytometry‐based cell sorting. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Designing and Applying Proximity‐Dependent Hybridization Chain Reaction
Authors: Koos Björn , Söderberg Ola
Published: August 2016

Proximity‐dependent hybridization chain reaction (proxHCR) is a novel technique for detection of protein interaction, post‐translational modifications (PTMs), or protein expression. The method is based upon antibodies targeting the proteins of interest that are covalently conjugated to DNA oligonucleotides, which enables the induction of a hybridization chain reaction (HCR) to generate a fluorescent signal visible under a microscope. In contrast to the in situ proximity ligation assay (in situ PLA), which is another method that utilizes antibody‐DNA conjugates to detect protein interactions, proxHCR does not require enzymatic steps. This makes proxHCR an inexpensive alternative to in situ PLA. Another potential advantage might be that proxHCR could more readily be adapted for use in automated staining procedures and in point‐of‐care devices, as all reagents can be stored at room temperature. This unit describes how the oligonucleotide system for proxHCR can be designed and a protocol for how to perform proxHCR is presented. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cationic Intermixing and Reactivity at the La2Mo2O9/La0.8Sr0.2MnO3−δ Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrolyte–Cathode Interface
Authors: Ravella Uday K. , Liu Jingjing , Corbel Gwenaël , Skinner Stephen J. , Lacorre Philippe
Published: August 2016

Among standard high‐temperature cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells, La0.8Sr0.2MnO3−δ (LSM) displays the least reactivity with the oxide‐ion conductor La2Mo2O9 (LMO), yet a reaction is observed at high processing temperatures, identified by using XRD and focused ion beam secondary‐ion mass spectrometry (FIB‐SIMS) after annealing at 1050 and 1150 °C. Additionally, Sr and Mn solutions were deposited and annealed on LMO pellets, as well as a Mo solution on a LSM pellet. From these studies several reaction products were identified by using XRD and located by using FIB‐SIMS on the surface of pelletised samples. We used depth profiling to show that the reactivity extended up to ∼10 μm from the surface region. If Sr was present, a SrMoO4‐type scheelite phase was always observed as a reaction product, and if Mn was present, LaMnO3+δ single crystals were observed on the surface of the LMO pellets. Additional phases such as La2MoO6 and La6MoO12 were also detected depending on the configuration and annealing temperature. Reaction mechanisms and detailed reaction formulae are proposed to explain these observations. The strongest driving force for cationic diffusion appears to originate from Mo6+ and Mn3+ cations, rather than from Sr2+.
Stream thermal heterogeneity prolongs aquatic‐terrestrial subsidy and enhances riparian spider growth
Authors: Uno Hiromi
Published: August 2016

Emerging aquatic insects from streams are important food sources for riparian predators, yet their availability is seasonally limited. Spatial heterogeneity in stream water temperature was found to spatially desynchronize the emergence timing of aquatic insects, and prolong their flight period, potentially enhancing consumer growth. While a mayfly Ephemerella maculata emergence lasted for 12–22 d in local sites along a river, mayflies emerged 19 days earlier from warmer than cooler sites. Therefore, the overall emergence of E. maculata from the river lasted for 37 d, and adult swarms were observed over that same period in an adjacent reproductive habitat. A feeding experiment with the riparian spider Tetragnatha versicolor showed that a prolonged subsidy, as would occur in a heterogeneous river, led to higher juvenile growth than a synchronous pulsed subsidy of equal total biomass, as would typify a more homogeneous river. Since larger female adult spiders produce more eggs, spiders that received prolonged subsidy as juveniles should achieve higher fecundity. Restoring spatial heterogeneity in streams may benefit not only stream communities but also riparian predators.
Enzymatic pre‐treatment of microalgae cells for enhanced extraction of proteins
Authors: Al‐Zuhair Sulaiman , Ashraf Salman , Hisaindee Soleiman , Darmaki Naeema Al , Battah Sinan , Svistunenko Dimitri , Reeder Brandon , Stanway Glyn , Chaudhary Afeefa
Published: August 2016

Crude proteins and pigments were extracted from different microalgae strains, both marine and freshwater. The effectiveness of enzymatic pre‐treatment prior to protein extraction was evaluated and compared to conventional techniques, including ultrasonication and high‐pressure water extraction. Enzymatic pre‐treatment was chosen as it could be carried out at mild shear conditions and does not subject the proteins to high temperatures, as with the ultrasonication approach. Using enzymatic pre‐treatment, the extracted proteins yields of all tested microalgae strains were approximately 0.7 mg per mg of dry cell weight. These values were comparable to those achieved using a commercial lytic kit. Ultrasonication was not very effective for proteins extraction from Chlorella sp., and the extracted proteins yields did not exceed 0.4 mg per mg of dry cell weight. For other strains, similar yields were achieved by both treatment methods. The time‐course effect of enzymatic incubation on the proteins extraction efficiency was more evident using laccase compared to lysozyme, which suggested that the former enzyme has a slower rate of cell disruption. The crude extracted proteins were fractionated using an ion exchange resin and were analyzed by the electrophoresis technique. They were further tested for their antioxidant activity, the highest of which was about 60% from Nannochloropsis sp. The total phenolic contents in the selected strains were also determined, with Chlorella sp. showing the highest content reaching 17 mg/g. Lysozyme was also found to enhance the extraction of pigments, with Chlorella sp. showing the highest pigments contents of 16.02, 4.59 and 5.22 mg/g of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total carotenoids, respectively.
The right and the wrong with epilepsy and her science
Authors: Shorvon Simon , Schmidt Dieter
Published: August 2016

This is a commentary and an opinion paper attempting a critical reassessment of the methods and practices of epilepsy research as we see it. The enormous progress in the field of epilepsy in recent years is a cause of celebration. Advances have been made on most fronts, and the position of patients with epilepsy in society has greatly improved. However, there have also been culs‐de‐sac and dead ends of modern science and clinical practice which are also intriguing. It may be true that we can learn more from our mistakes than from our successes. In this opinion paper, we have listed some of the successes and some of the failures of past epilepsy practice, and also areas of current practice and theory which we feel are likely to prove mistaken. The underlying reasons for misdirected practices and theories include, in our view, the influence of fashion, bad science, and the bureaucracies of practice and academic medicine. As a result, some findings are far from objective. Recognition is the first step to remediation, and hopefully future research will minimize some of the pitfalls mentioned in this article and bring the “End of Epilepsy,” as defined and predicted by Oswei Temkin, closer than it is today.
A multiscale hydro‐geochemical‐mechanical approach to analyze faulted CO2 reservoirs
Authors: Nguyen Ba Nghiep , Hou Zhangshuan , Bacon Diana H. , White Mark D.
Published: August 2016

This paper applies a multiscale hydro‐geochemical‐mechanical approach to analyze faulted CO2 reservoirs using the STOMP‐CO2‐R code that is coupled to the ABAQUS® finite element package. STOMP‐CO2‐R models the reactive transport of CO2 causing mineral composition changes that are captured by an Eshelby‐Mori‐Tanka model implemented in ABAQUS®. A three‐dimensional (3D) STOMP‐CO2‐R model for a reservoir containing an inclined fault was built to analyze a formation containing a reaction network with five minerals: albite, anorthite, calcite, kaolinite, and quartz. A 3D finite element mesh that exactly maps the STOMP‐CO2‐R grid was developed for coupled analyses. The model contains alternating sandstone and shale layers. The impact of reactive transport of CO2 on the geomechanical properties of reservoir rocks are studied in terms of mineral composition changes that affect their geomechanical responses. Simulations assuming extensional and compressional stress regimes with and without coupled geochemistry are performed to study the stress regime effect on the risk of hydraulic fracture. The fault slip is examined as functions of stress regime, geomechanical, geochemical‐mechanical effects, fault inclination, and position. The results show that mineralogical changes due to CO2 injection reduce the permeability and elastic modulus of the reservoir, leading to increased fluid pressure and risk of fracture in the injection location and the caprock seal. Shear failure in the fault leading to fault reactivation was not predicted to occur. However, stress regime, fault inclination, and fault position in light of the coupled hydro‐geochemical‐mechanical analysis have an important impact on the slip tendency factor and elastic fault slip. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Downstream effects of hippocampal sharp wave ripple oscillations on medial entorhinal cortex layer V neurons in vitro
Authors: Roth Fabian C. , Beyer Katinka M. , Both Martin , Draguhn Andreas , Egorov Alexei V.
Published: August 2016

The entorhinal cortex (EC) is a critical component of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) memory system. Local networks within the MTL express a variety of state‐dependent network oscillations that are believed to organize neuronal activity during memory formation. The peculiar pattern of sharp wave‐ripple complexes (SPW‐R) entrains neurons by a very fast oscillation at ∼200 Hz in the hippocampal areas CA3 and CA1 and then propagates through the “output loop” into the EC. The precise mechanisms of SPW‐R propagation and the resulting cellular input patterns in the mEC are, however, largely unknown. We therefore investigated the activity of layer V (LV) principal neurons of the medial EC (mEC) during SPW‐R oscillations in horizontal mouse brain slices. Intracellular recordings in the mEC were combined with extracellular monitoring of propagating network activity. SPW‐R in CA1 were regularly followed by negative field potential deflections in the mEC. Propagation of SPW‐R activity from CA1 to the mEC was mostly monosynaptic and excitatory, such that synaptic input to mEC LV neurons directly reflected unit activity in CA1. Comparison with propagating network activity from CA3 to CA1 revealed a similar role of excitatory long‐range connections for both regions. However, SPW‐R‐induced activity in CA1 involved strong recruitment of rhythmic synaptic inhibition and corresponding fast field oscillations, in contrast to the mEC. These differences between features of propagating SPW‐R emphasize the differential processing of network activity by each local network of the hippocampal output loop. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sequential epitopes of Dermatophagoides farinae allergens identified using peptide microarray‐based immunoassay
Authors: Cui Yubao , Teng Feixiang , Yu LiLi , Zhou Ying , Wang Nan , Zhang Chengbo , Yang Li
Published: August 2016

House dust mites produce over 30 proteins proposed to induce immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody production in patients. Continued identification of IgE‐binding epitopes of these allergens is critical to advancing diagnosis and treatment of allergic disease. To identify possible sequential IgE‐binding epitopes of the major‐ and mid‐potency allergens from the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae by peptide microarray‐based immunoassay, nucleotide sequences of D. farinae allergens (Der f) 1, 2, 4, 5, and 7 were used to generate overlapping peptides covering the full protein sequences minus signal peptides. Short peptides were printed onto microarray chips. Because asthma occurs as a symptom of mite allergy more commonly among children than adults, the peptide chips were exposed to sera pooled from six serum‐positive pediatric patients with D. farinae hypersensitivity and six serum‐negative control children for screening sequential IgE‐binding epitopes by IgE immunolabeling. Higher‐than‐average immunolabel signal intensity was observed for 21 short peptides in the serum‐positive group (P < 0.01). Due to sequence overlap, these 21 signals represented four fragments of Der f 1 (amino acid positions 46–53, 71–78, 99–110, 179–186), three fragments of Der f 2 (15–22, 80–89, 106–113), six fragments of Der f 4 (69–82, 107–116, 225–232, 261–268, 355–365, 483–496), one fragment of Der f 5 (102–109), and three fragments of Der f 7 (32–39, 52–64, 100–107). These findings not only demonstrate the utility of a peptide microarray immunoassay in identifying epitopes for these allergens, but also provide a foundation for future exploration of specific immunotherapies. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(10):792–798, 2016
Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Associated With Endurance Exercise on Muscle Fibres and Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor γ Coactivator 1 α Isoforms
Authors: Barone Rosario , Sangiorgi Claudia , Marino Gammazza Antonella , D'Amico Daniela , Salerno Monica , Cappello Francesco , Pomara Cristoforo , Zummo Giovanni , Farina Felicia , Di Felice Valentina , Macaluso Filippo
Published: August 2016

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been reported to improve muscle hypertrophy, steroidogenesis, physical activity, and endurance capacity in mice, although the molecular mechanisms of its actions are not completely understood. The aim of the present study was to identify whether CLA alters the expression of any of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) isoforms, and to evaluate the possible existence of fibre‐type‐specific hypertrophy in the gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles. Mice were randomly assigned to one of four groups: placebo sedentary, CLA sedentary, placebo trained, or CLA trained. The CLA groups were gavaged with 35 μl per day of Tonalin® FFA 80 food supplement containing CLA throughout the 6‐week experimental period, whereas the placebo groups were gavaged with 35 μl sunflower oil each day. Each administered dose of CLA corresponded to approximately 0.7 g/kg or 0.5%, of the dietary daily intake. Trained groups ran 5 days per week on a Rota‐Rod for 6 weeks at increasing speeds and durations. Mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and hind limb posterior muscle groups were dissected and used for histological and molecular analyses. Endurance training stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis by PGC1α isoforms (tot, α1, α2, and α3) but CLA supplementation did not stimulate PGC1α isoforms or mitochondrial biogenesis in trained or sedentary mice. In the plantaris muscle, CLA supplementation induced a fibre‐type‐specific hypertrophy of type IIx muscle fibres, which was associated with increased capillary density and was different from the fibre‐type‐specific hypertrophy induced by endurance exercise (of types I and IIb muscle fibres). J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1086–1094, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mutation in the S gene a determinant of the hepatitis B virus associated with concomitant HBsAg and anti‐HBs in a population in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: de Campos Albuquerque Ingrid , Sousa Marinilde Teles , Santos Max Diego Cruz , Nunes Jomar Diogo Costa , Moraes Maria Josélia Diniz , Gomes‐Gouvêa Michele Soares , Pinho João Renato Rebelo , Carrilho Flair José , Fonseca Lena Maria Barros , de Sousa Paiva Ferreira Adalgisa
Published: August 2016

Mutations in the a determinant of S gene may develop co‐existence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to HBsAg (anti‐HBs) in the serum of infected hepatitis B virus (HBV) individuals. Mutations in this region may change the antigenicity of HBsAg, which in turn, lead to escape of neutralizing action of anti‐HBs antibodies. This study identified individuals with concomitant HBsAg and anti‐HBs serological markers in individuals of Maranhão, Northeastern Brazil. Samples from a population‐based study were evaluated for HBsAg, anti‐HBs, and anti‐HBc, and those that tested positive for simultaneous HBsAg and anti‐HBs were submitted to HBV DNA quantification and S gene characterization by Sanger sequencing. Mutations were investigated in the a determinant located in major hydrophilic region (MHR) of the S gene. Among 3,984 samples analyzed, 92 (2.3%) were positive for HBsAg and three had the atypical HBsAg and anti‐HBs‐positive profile (3.26%). The frequency of HBsAg and anti‐HBs co‐existence was similar to previous studies. Only one individual harbored mutation in the S gene a determinant associated with this profile. Little is known about this phenomenon; however, studies as ours may contribute for future enlightenment of this important issue. J. Med. Virol. 89:458–462, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation of Porous Organogels Using Water Soluble Polymer Templates
Authors: Kabbara Mohamad , Gancheva Teodora , Gazil Olivier , Virgilio Nick
Published: August 2016

This study presents a new method for the preparation of organogels embedded with interconnected macropores tunable in size from 180 to 700 μm. The gels are molded in porous polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) polymer templates obtained from melt‐processed cocontinuous blends of PVOH and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL). The blends are subsequently annealed under quiescent conditions to let their morphology coarsen, and are rendered porous by selectively extracting the PCL. After the injection in the PVOH molds and in situ gelling of a dilute solution of an organic liquid and a low molecular weight gelling agent, 12‐hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, the molds are extracted with water. This yields porous organogels with microstructural features corresponding relatively well to those of the original molds, as revealed by X‐ray microtomography. This method allows control over the gels' average pore size, pore interconnectivity, and volume fraction, and is compatible with a variety of organic liquids and low molecular weight gelators.

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Exploring the mechanism of DNA polymerases by analyzing the effect of mutations of active site acidic groups in Polymerase β
Authors: Matute Ricardo A. , Yoon Hanwool , Warshel Arieh
Published: August 2016

Elucidating the catalytic mechanism of DNA polymerase is crucial for a progress in the understanding of the control of replication fidelity. This work tries to advance the mechanistic understanding by analyzing the observed effect of mutations of the acidic groups in the active site of Polymerase β as well as the pH effect on the rate constant. The analysis involves both empirical valence bond (EVB) free energy calculations and considerations of the observed pH dependence of the reaction. The combined analysis indicates that the proton transfer (PT) from the nucleophilic O3′ has two possible pathways, one to D256 and the second to the bulk. We concluded based on calculations and the experimental pH profile that the most likely path for the wild‐type (WT) and the D256E and D256A mutants is a PT to the bulk, although the WT may also use a PT to Asp 256. Our analysis highlights the need for very extensive sampling in the calculations of the activation barrier and also clearly shows that ab initio QM/MM calculations that do not involve extensive sampling are unlikely to give a clear quantitative picture of the reaction mechanism. Proteins 2016; 84:1644–1657. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solution NMR structures of the C‐domain of Tetrahymena cytoskeletal protein Tcb2 reveal distinct calcium‐induced structural rearrangements
Authors: Kilpatrick Adina M. , Honts Jerry E. , Sleister Heidi M. , Fowler C. Andrew
Published: August 2016

Tcb2 is a calcium‐binding protein that localizes to the membrane‐associated skeleton of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila with hypothesized roles in ciliary movement, cell cortex signaling, and pronuclear exchange. Tcb2 has also been implicated in a unique calcium‐triggered, ATP‐independent type of contractility exhibited by filamentous networks isolated from the Tetrahymena cytoskeleton. To gain insight into Tcb2's structure‐function relationship and contractile properties, we determined solution NMR structures of its C‐terminal domain in the calcium‐free and calcium‐bound states. The overall architecture is similar to other calcium‐binding proteins, with paired EF‐hand calcium‐binding motifs. Comparison of the two structures reveals that Tcb2‐C's calcium‐induced conformational transition differs from the prototypical calcium sensor calmodulin, suggesting that the two proteins play distinct functional roles in Tetrahymena and likely have different mechanisms of target recognition. Future studies of the full‐length protein and the identification of Tcb2 cellular targets will help establish the molecular basis of Tcb2 function and its unique contractile properties. Proteins 2016; 84:1748–1756. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Levofloxacin‐Induced QTc Prolongation Depends on the Time of Drug Administration
Authors: Kervezee L , Gotta V , Stevens J , Birkhoff W , Kamerling IMC , Danhof M , Meijer JH , Burggraaf J
Published: August 2016

Understanding the factors influencing a drug's potential to prolong the QTc interval on an electrocardiogram is essential for the correct evaluation of its safety profile. To explore the effect of dosing time on drug‐induced QTc prolongation, a randomized, crossover, clinical trial was conducted in which 12 healthy male subjects received levofloxacin at 02:00, 06:00, 10:00, 14:00, 18:00, and 22:00. Using a pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic (PK‐PD) modeling approach to account for variations in PKs, heart rate, and daily variation in baseline QT, we find that the concentration‐QT relationship shows a 24‐hour sinusoidal rhythm. Simulations show that the extent of levofloxacin‐induced QT prolongation depends on dosing time, with the largest effect at 14:00 (1.73 (95% prediction interval: 1.56–1.90) ms per mg/L) and the smallest effect at 06:00 (−0.04 (−0.19 to 0.12) ms per mg/L). These results suggest that a 24‐hour variation in the concentration‐QT relationship could be a potentially confounding factor in the assessment of drug‐induced QTc prolongation.
Technology development challenges for advanced group IV semiconductor devices
Authors: Claeys Cor , Arimura Hiro , Collaert Nadine , Mitard Jerome , Rooyackers Rita , Simoen Eddy , Vandooren Anne , Veloso Anabela , Waldron Niamh , Witters Liesbeth , Thean Aaron
Published: August 2016

Advanced devices are not only driven by minimum device geometry, performance enhancement, and cost issues, but also require a low power consumption. Device scaling for higher performance and lower power consumption necessitates the introduction of advanced process modules, new materials new device architectures and, finally, even the use of alternative device operation principles compared to the standard MOS transistor. Several of these advanced devices will be discussed in view of their scalability and their potential for coping with the ITRS roadmap. Key performance parameters will be investigated.
Selenium capped monolayer NbSe2 for two‐dimensional superconductivity studies
Authors: Onishi Seita , Ugeda Miguel M. , Zhang Yi , Chen Yi , Ojeda‐Aristizabal Claudia , Ryu Hyejin , Mo Sung‐Kwan , Hussain Zahid , Shen Zhi‐Xun , Crommie Michael F. , Zettl Alex
Published: August 2016

Superconductivity in monolayer niobium diselenide (NbSe2) on bilayer graphene is studied by electrical transport. Monolayer NbSe2 is grown on bilayer graphene by molecular beam epitaxy and capped with a selenium film to avoid degradation in air. The selenium capped samples have TC = 1.9 K. In situ measurements down to 4 K in ultrahigh vacuum show that the effect of the selenium layer on the transport is negligible. The superconducting transition and upper critical fields in air exposed and selenium capped samples are compared.

Schematic of monolayer NbSe2/bilayer graphene with selenium capping layer and electrical contacts.
Structural and microstructural tailoring of rare earth sesquioxides by swift heavy ion irradiation
Authors: Sattonnay G. , Bilgen S. , Thomé L. , Grygiel C. , Monnet I. , Plantevin O. , Huet C. , Miro S. , Simon P.
Published: August 2016

The structural transformations induced in Gd2O3 and Eu2O3 irradiated with high‐energy ions (94‐MeV Pb and 1042‐MeV Xe), where ionization processes (electronic stopping) dominate the ion slowing‐down, have been studied via the combination of XRD and Raman experiments. Irradiation induces a cubic‐to‐monoclinic phase transformation; the radiation‐induced monoclinic phase shows strong preferential orientation. This structural modification is accompanied by changes in the photoluminescence properties of sesquioxides. The results show that swift heavy ion irradiation is a powerful tool to control the properties of oxides at the nanoscale.
Systemic Financial Feedbacks – Conceptual Framework and Modelling Implications
Authors: Gramlich Dieter , Oet Mikhail V.
Published: August 2016

Different approaches to model feedbacks in financial systems are assessed based on requirements for the conceptualization of feedback dynamics. Given the diversity and non‐linearity of systemic financial feedbacks (SFFs), modelling concepts have to be evaluated in the context of system adaption, specifically systemic interconnectivity and behaviour. Methodological approaches from System Dynamics (SD) theory are considered to provide appropriate and attractive features. Surprisingly, few SD models exist to explain SFFs. The scarcity of SD modelling for SFFs may be attributed to the lack of empirically supported economic foundations and methodological challenges for theoretical modelling. This paper considers a conceptual framework for modelling SFFs. The framework emerges from the synthesis of modelling requirements for SFFs, limitations of existing modelling approaches, and innovations from SD. In doing so, this study provides evidence for the contribution of SD concepts to complement existing SFF models and offers suggestions for further modelling towards a ‘dual approach’. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Knowledge and Attitudes About Epilepsy Surgery Among Family Doctors in Ontario
Authors: Cothros Nicholas , Burneo Jorge G. , Steven David A.
Published: August 2016

Background: Approximately 30% of patients with epilepsy have medically intractable seizures, and a proportion of them are candidates for surgical treatment. The efficacy and safety of epilepsy surgery have been supported by a large number of studies, yet only a small minority of such patients in Ontario receive surgery. Methods: Family physicians in Ontario were surveyed regarding demographics, referral practices and general knowledge about epilepsy surgery. Four hundred surveys were mailed to randomly selected family physicians using contact information from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario website. Results: The response rate was 50%. The majority of family physicians (81%) always refer patients with epilepsy, most often to neurologists. General knowledge of epilepsy was mixed, with 53.7% feeling that surgery should be considered in selected cases for the treatment of epilepsy, though 53.2% did not know what type of epilepsy could be surgically treated. Conclusions: The results suggest a relatively low level of knowledge among family physicians in terms of when surgery ought to be considered, the types of epilepsy that are amenable to surgical treatment and the risks and benefits of epilepsy surgery. A lack of knowledge in these areas may partly underlie the low referral rates of epilepsy patients, though the results show that the majority of family physicians refer their patients with epilepsy to neurologists. Other factors must be considered, such as access to neurologists, epileptologists and surgical resources. Education campaigns directed at family physicians may improve knowledge and change referral practices. Future studies need to examine these possibilities.
Staging and Embodiment of the Tragic in Pina Bausch's Orpheus and Eurydice (1975)
Authors: Haitzinger Nicole
Published: August 2016

This paper is concerned with resonances of the tragic in twentieth-century central-European dance theatet, to be discussed with particular reference to Pina Bausch's 1975 Orpheus and Eurydice. In my study Resonances of the Tragic: Between Event and Affect (2015), I have argued that in terms of a history of the “longue durée,” the evocation of the tragic occurs in a field of tension between technique, the mise-en-scène, and conceptions, as well as procedures and moments of interruption, of suspension, of disruption and of the indeterminable resulting from ecstatic corporeality. Its structure and function can generate an event in the emphatic sense of the term; consequently, it provides a paradigm for recognizing structures of form and of an aesthetic of reception, structures emerging from individual constellations of the fictional and choric, absence and presence. From the perspective of dance studies, the tragic emanates from the representation of horrendous monstrosity testing the limits of what can be imagined by means of the moved body in all senses of the word; but how exactly does Bausch produce the qualities of the ambivalent, ambiguous, and paradoxical—and, consequently, the tragic?
Mini & Macho, Small & Sexy: The Perpetuation of Heteronormativity, Hegemonic Masculinity, and Femininity Within the Culture of Competitive (Jazz and Hip-Hop) Dance
Authors: Hebert Carolyn
Published: August 2016

This paper critically assesses the expectations of competitive jazz dance adjudicators and the effects of these expectations on the presentation of gendered and sexualized dance choreographies by private dance studios. Expectations for competitive dance students with regard to technical ability, execution of choreography, and age/gender (in)appropriateness are unclearly articulated by competitions and adjudicators throughout Canada and the United States. Nevertheless, parents and students enter into private dance studios with pre-conceived notions of what it takes to “win” at competition and demand that their training and choreography reflect this. The onus is on dance teachers and choreographers, then, to adhere to this rapidly evolving culture of dance competition, or otherwise risk losing customers and funds.

This paper critically examines current trends in competitive jazz and hip-hop dance through interviews and conversations with three professional competition dance adjudicators. As a competitive dance studio choreographer and researcher, I question the role that competitive dance culture plays in the gendering and sexualization of amateur dancing bodies. Ultimately, what are the implications of the perpetuation of heteronormativity, hegemonic masculinity, and femininity through the dances created for competition on adolescent dancing bodies? What other options are available for private competitive dance studios wishing to simultaneously participate in and disrupt this culture without losing their businesses?
Greek Dance, Identity, and Difference in a Cosmopolitan Europe
Authors: Kalogeropoulou Sofia
Published: August 2016

Greek dance constitutes a lived culture of the masses that affirms the Greek identity and contributes to the diverse dance heritage of the European cultural landscape reflecting the idea of “unity in diversity.” In this paper, I explore the role of dance as a form of everyday nationalism during the current crisis. Does it act as a psychological boost and infuse pride to help overcome the crisis? Or are financial instability and the austerity measures imposed by the Troika provoking fears of loss of cultural identity and sparking a backlash in which dance is used for exclusive nationalist purposes?
The Cuna: An Expression of Cultural Preservation and Creole Identity in Nineteenth Century New Mexico
Authors: Milazzo Kathy M.
Published: August 2016

Spanish dance history begins in Roman times with thepuellae Gaditanae, the temple dancers who expressed eastern Mediterranean fertility rites through a legendary sensuality. Nineteenth-century accounts of dance in New Mexico that allude to highly sensual movements suggest a continuation of this representation of the female dancing body. In an 1846 diary detailing her travels on the Santa Fe Trail, Susan Magoffin offers a report of the cuna as witnessed in a gambling hall in Santa Fe. Her descriptions echo accounts of notorious Spanish dances from previous centuries like the zarabanda and the zorongo—dances created at crossroads in the Spanish Americas where Spaniards, black Africans, Native peoples, and other Europeans intersected. Studies show that the Spanish language spoken by old New Mexican families contains many archaic elements that have been lost in other Spanish-speaking countries due to the State's isolated geographic location. Like Spanish terminology, were the cuna and other dances remnants of dances forgotten in other Spanish lands?  In the first half of the nineteenth century, New Mexico progressed from a Spanish colony to the northern frontier of independent Mexico, before it was absorbed into the United States. Building on narratives found in eyewitness accounts, this paper will explore the role of dance as a preservation site of old Spanish practices as it was shaping a unique New Mexican creole identity.
Dancing National Ideologies: The Athens Festival in the Cold War
Authors: Prickett Stacey , Tsintziloni Steriani
Published: August 2016

The international Athens Festival was prominent in shaping a cosmopolitan identity and openness within Greek society. During its first decade (1955–1966), the Festival also functioned as a significant form of cultural diplomacy. Audiences were exposed to elite dance companies from nations such as the U.S., which functioned ideologically and diplomatically. Our presentation interrogates the construction of a dance field in Greece and the shaping of aesthetic values, contextualized within socio-cultural tensions. Research exposes imperatives of a rising superpower consolidating its position, revealing multiple types of influence on Greece and other nations in a battle of political wills with the USSR.
Boycotting Bodies: The Politics of Practice and Performance
Authors: Quinlan Meghan
Published: August 2016

Gaga, the movement language developed by Israeli choreographer Ohad Naharin, is often claimed to be apolitical by marketing materials and participants alike. The Batsheva Dance Company is also led by Naharin and highly influenced by Gaga. Unlike Gaga, however, Batsheva is highly politicized because of frequent protests by pro-Palestinian activists. In this presentation, I explore the many complicated layers of Gaga practice to show the multiple ways in which dancing bodies can be politicized. The case of the cultural boycott movement is used to complicate the relationships between practice and performance and how they are understood as political.
Hidden Creators, Silent Authors
Authors: Braga Paola Secchin
Published: August 2016

To be interpreter and at the same time creator seems to be the rule in contemporary dance. It is expected of the dancer to contribute to the making of the piece in which he will appear. Similarly, the choreographer's assistant (also referred as rehearsal assistant) has an active role in the process of creating a dance piece. This paper proposes an analysis of a creative process in which the question of authorship emerges—in our point of view—as the main issue. The onomastic pieces of French choreographer Jérôme Bel will serve as the basis of our analysis, and especially the piece called Isabel Torres, in which the interpreter and the choreographer's assistant had a much more important role in the creation than the choreographer himself. Premiered in 2005, Isabel Torres was supposed to be a Brazilian version of Véronique Doisneau (created in 2004, for the Paris Opera). The creative work made by the dancer and the rehearsal assistant made of it more than a mere version: Isabel Torres is an autonomous piece—so autonomous that Bel offered it to both dancer and assistant, to present it wherever they wished. Who signs Isabel Torres? In which terms is it presented in programs? Do dancer and assistant consider themselves as authors? How does the choreographer deal with it? The absence of the choreographer, the people involved in it, and the kind of work developed in the creative process makes us question the notion of authorship in contemporary dance pieces.