bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New genus and three new species of the subfamily Xyleninae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)
Authors: BABICS J. , KONONENKO V. S. , SALDAITIS A.
Published: May 2015

A new Xyleninae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) genus Parvispinia gen. n. (Type-species Ammoconia parvispina Tschetverikov, 1904) and three new species Parvispinia barkama sp. n., P. geminus sp. n. and P. parilis sp. n. from China are described. Atrachea parvispina (Tschetverikov, 1904), A. cortex (Alpheraky, 1887) and A. caelestina Gyulai & Ronkay, 2001 are transferred from the genus Atrachea Warren, 1911 (Xyleninae, Apameini) to Parvispinia (Xyleninae, Xylenini); three new combinations Parvispinia parvispina (Tschetverikov, 1904) comb. n., P. cortex (Alpheraky, 1887), comb. n. and P. caelestina (Gyulai & Ronkay, 2001), comb. n. are introduced. The lectotypes for Parvispinia parvispina and P. cortex are designated. Generic checklists for Parvispinia and Atrachea are presented.
Connectivus, a new genus of bamboo-feeding leafhoppers from China (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Paralimnini)
Authors: XING JI-CHUN , LI ZI-ZHONG
Published: May 2015

A new genus of Paralimnini from China, Connectivus gen. nov. with C. bifidus sp. nov. as type species is described and illustrated. This species was collected from bamboo. The type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China (GUGC).
Zemacrosaldula, a new genus of Saldidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from New Zealand: taxonomy, geographic distribution, and biology
Authors: Larivière Marie-Claude , Larochelle AndrÉ
Published: May 2015

Zemacrosaldula, new genus, is described with Salda australis White, 1876, as type species, resulting in the following new combination Zemacrosaldula australis (White, 1876). Three new species are described: Zemacrosaldula kapekape new species, Z. whakarunga new species, Z. pangare new species. A revision of the taxonomy of all taxa is presented. Species are keyed. Morphological descriptions are provided together with illustrations emphasising the most significant diagnostic features of external morphology and male genitalia. Information is given on synonymy, type specimens, material examined, geographic distribution and biology.
New Austrognathiidae (Gnathostomulida: Conophoralia) from Hong Kong and Japan: microscopic anatomy, ultrastructure and evolutionary implications
Authors: ACHATZ JOHANNES G. , STERRER WOLFGANG
Published: May 2015

We describe two new species, Austrognathia glandifera and Austrognatharia orientis using observations on squeezed, live specimens as well as histological sections and transmission electron microscopy. The protonephridia of Austrognatharia orientis are composed of a terminal cell, a canal cell, and a nephroporus cell. The monociliated terminal cell constitutes the so-called filtration area. The canal cell harbors the lacunar system and the protonephridial duct, which is surrounded by six filamentous rods, which originate external to and in between the microvilli of the terminal cell and stretch along the entire length of the canal cell. The female copulatory organs of the investigated species are very different. Austrognathia glandifera has a bursa and a vagina whereas A. orientis only has a weakly defined bursal tissue and no detectable vagina. The bursa is divided into an anterior and a posterior part; at the anterior end a special area is formed by interdigitations of the cells of the bursal wall. The male copulatory organs in the Conophoralia are uniform, composed of an anterior, glandular portion consisting of a proximal part with medium-grained and a distal part with coarse-grained appearance and a penis that is delineated by a basal lamina and has an ejaculatory duct as well as a gonopore. Parenchymal cells are present and serve to embed the bursa and the male copulatory organ dorsolaterally. Our data on the fine structure of various tissues indicate that the Conophoralia are the “less derived” sister taxon of the Scleroperalia.
A review of the ant genus Myrmecorhynchus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: SHATTUCK S.O.
Published: May 2015

The Australian endemic ant genus Myrmecorhynchus is reviewed. The genus is known from three species (M. carteri Clark, M. emeryi André and M. nitidus Clark) which are restricted to eastern and southern Australia. Myrmecorhynchus musgravei Clark and M. rufithorax Clark are newly synonymised with M. emeryi André. All species are found in forested areas where they nest arboreally or, less commonly, in soil. Foraging occurs primarily on vegetation and tree trunks.
A new species Micrarctia kautti (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae) from West China
Authors: Saldaitis Aidas , PEKARSKY OLEG
Published: May 2015

A new tiger moth, Micrarctia kautti sp. n., from southwest China, Sichuan is described. A diagnostic comparison with Micrarctia trigona (Leech, 1899) is provided. During recent years the Chinese Arctiini have been intensively collected and explored (Dubatolov, 1996a; Dubatolov, 1996b; Dubatolov, 2003; Dubatolov, Kishida & Wu, 2005; Fang & Cao, 1984; Fang, 2000 and numerous other publications) so the discovery of a striking new species by Sergey Murzin in the Dafengding Mountains, Sichuan Province, was most unexpected.        Institutional acronyms used are as follows: ASV = Aidas Saldaitis (Vilnius, Lithuania); KNE = Kari Nupponen (Espoo, Finland); PKT = Peter Kautt (Tübingen, Germany); RMB = Ramon Macià (Barselona, Spain); WIGJ = World Insect Gallery (Joniškis, Lithuania).
What is Neoschidium Mukherjee, Ambrose, Saha, and Bal, 2014 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae: Metapterini)? A reflection on taxonomic practices
Authors: FORERO DIMITRI , CASTRO-HUERTAS VALENTINA
Published: May 2015

Good taxonomic practice permits not only to adequately document the rapidly diminishing biodiversity of our planet (Wheeler 2008), but also let us set the foundations for phylogenetic assessments among groups of taxa, allowing a more deeply and proper understanding of the biota (Wheeler 2007). Therefore, any taxonomic problems will hinder not only phylogenetic approaches but conservation efforts as well (Dubois 2003; Mace 2004; Wheeler et al. 2012).
A new species of Stasimopus from the eastern Cape Province of South Africa (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae), with notes on its natural history
Authors: HENDRIXSON BRENT E. , BOND JASON E.
Published: May 2015

A new species of ctenizid trapdoor spider is described, Stasimopus mandelai sp. nov., from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. This species occurs syntopically with S. schoenlandi Pocock and a number of other mygalomorph spiders at the Great Fish River Nature Reserve. Illustrations, photographs, and additional notes on burrow architecture and general natural history are provided.
NOAA’s HYSPLIT Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion Modeling System
Authors: Stein A. F. , Draxler R. R. , Rolph G. D. , Stunder B. J. B. , Cohen M. D. , Ngan F.
Published: May 2015

The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT), developed by NOAA’s Air Resources Laboratory, is one of the most widely used models for atmospheric trajectory and dispersion calculations. We present the model’s historical evolution over the last 30 years from simple hand-drawn back trajectories to very sophisticated computations of transport, mixing, chemical transformation, and deposition of pollutants and hazardous materials. We highlight recent applications of the HYSPLIT modeling system, including the simulation of atmospheric tracer release experiments, radionuclides, smoke originated from wild fires, volcanic ash, mercury, and wind-blown dust.
Recent Changes in Annual Area Burned in Interior Alaska: The Impact of Fire Management
Authors: Calef M. P. , Varvak A. , McGuire A. D. , Chapin F. S. , Reinhold K. B.
Published: May 2015

The Alaskan boreal forest is characterized by frequent extensive wildfires whose spatial extent has been mapped for the past 70 years. Simple predictions based on this record indicate that area burned will increase as a response to climate warming in Alaska. However, two additional factors have affected the area burned in this time record: the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) switched from cool and moist to warm and dry in the late 1970s and the Alaska Fire Service instituted a fire suppression policy in the late 1980s. In this paper a geographic information system (GIS) is used in combination with statistical analyses to reevaluate the changes in area burned through time in Alaska considering both the influence of the PDO and fire management. The authors found that the area burned has increased since the PDO switch and that fire management drastically decreased the area burned in highly suppressed zones. However, the temporal analysis of this study shows that the area burned is increasing more rapidly in suppressed zones than in the unsuppressed zone since the late 1980s. These results indicate that fire policies as well as regional climate patterns are important as large-scale controls on fires over time and across the Alaskan boreal forest.
Climate Variability and the U.S. Corn Belt: ENSO and AO Episode-Dependent Hydroclimatic Feedbacks to Corn Production at Regional and Local Scales*
Authors: Kellner Olivia , Niyogi Dev
Published: May 2015

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Arctic Oscillation (AO) climatology (1980–2010) is developed and analyzed across the U.S. Corn Belt using state climate division weather and historic corn yield data using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation analysis. Findings provide insight to agroclimatic conditions under different ENSO and AO episodes and are analyzed with a perspective for potential impacts to agricultural production and planning, with findings being developed into a web-based tool for the U.S. Corn Belt.

This study is unique in that it utilizes the oceanic Niño index and explores two teleconnection patterns that influence weather across different spatiotemporal scales. It is found that the AO has a more frequent weak to moderate correlation to historic yields than ENSO when correlated by average subgrowing season index values. Yield anomaly and ENSO and AO episode analysis affirms the overall positive impact of El Niño events on yields compared to La Niña events, with neutral ENSO events in between as found in previous studies. Yields when binned by the AO episode present more uncertainty. While significant temperature and precipitation impacts from ENSO and AO are felt outside of the primary growing season, correlation between threshold variables of episode-specific temperature and precipitation and historic yields suggests that relationships between ENSO and AO and yield are present during specific months of the growing season, particularly August. Overall, spatial climatic variability resulting from ENSO and AO episodes contributes to yield potential at regional to subregional scales, making generalization of impacts difficult and highlighting a continued need for finescale resolution analysis of ENSO and AO signal impacts on corn production.
Subregion-Scale Hindcasting of Contrail Outbreaks, Utilizing Their Synoptic Climatology
Authors: Carleton Andrew M. , Silva Armand D. , Bernhardt Jase , VanderBerg Justin , Travis David J.
Published: May 2015

Contrail statistical prediction methods are often location specific. To take advantage of the fact that the upper-tropospheric (UT) meteorological conditions that favor “clear-sky outbreaks” of persisting contrails, or contrail favored areas (CFAs), tend to be synoptic in scale, a visual UT-map technique to hindcast CFAs has been developed and tested for subregions of the contiguous United States (CONUS) that have high outbreak frequencies in midseason months (January, April, July, and October) of 2000–02. The method compares daily maps with the composite fields for outbreak days (CON) versus nonoutbreak days (NON), and those assessments are evaluated using standard skill measures. Binary logistic regression determines which UT variables are significant predictors, individually and in combination. The reproducibility of the outbreak hindcast results is tested on the same subregions for the corresponding months of 2008–09. The results confirm the importance of UT relative humidity and vertical-motion (omega) map patterns in regional clear-sky outbreaks. Although the hindcast skill is modest, sensitivity tests suggest that the method will be substantially improved when a longer-term climatological dataset of outbreaks becomes available (to increase sample sizes) and with explicit consideration of the synoptic types on CON days. The latter is demonstrated specifically for the southern CONUS in January, where to improve hindcast success one should also consider the vertical wind shear in the upper troposphere, given the importance of the subtropical jet stream in contrail outbreaks there. Further development of the method to improve its skill ultimately should permit its use in combination with existing objective (statistical and physical models) methods of contrail prediction.
Photocatalytic properties of Cr–TiO2 nanocomposite photoelectrodes produced by electrochemical anodisation of titanium
Authors: Momeni M. M. , Ghayeb Y. , Ghonchegi Z.
Published: May 2015

Different Cr–TiO2 nanocomposite photoelectrodes were fabricated by in situ anodisation of titanium in a single step process using potassium chromate as the chromium source. The morphology and structure were characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Optical properties were investigated by UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectra. The visible light photocatalytic activity of the Cr–TiO2 nanocomposite photoelectrodes was evaluated by measuring the degradation of rhodamine B dye under visible light irradiation. The results showed that Cr–TiO2 nanocomposite electrodes have excellent photocatalytic performance. Cr–TiO2 nanocomposite produced using 5 mM K2CrO4 exhibited better photocatalytic activity than did the pure TiO2 and Cr–TiO2 nanocomposite fabricated using other chromium concentrations. The anodisation process developed in this study is facile, reproducible and inexpensive and can be easily scaled up, thereby pioneering the fabrication of high performance photocatalysts with promising environmental applications.
Introduction to this special section: Well geosteering
Authors: Torres-Verdín Carlos , Zhou John
Published: May 2015

Drilling operations typically account for the largest percent of the expenses incurred in the exploration and development of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Modern well placement and real-time navigation methods take into account uncertainties in a predefined “earth model” to reach and produce hydrocarbon-bearing rocks in an efficient manner. Because the construction of the initial earth model is commonly based on low-spatial-resolution data such as seismic-amplitude measurements or is from extrapolation of conditions encountered in nearby wells, the well trajectory needs to be adjusted continuously as the drill bit encounters rocks formations, geometric conditions, and rock properties unaccounted for by the initial earth model. Most modern drilling operations are accompanied not only by measurements while drilling (e.g., rate of penetration, weight on bit, torque, and so forth) but also by logging-while-drilling (LWD) measurements such as electrical resistivity, density, neutron-porosity, acoustic velocities, and magnetic resonance, among others. The latter measurements are placed in close proximity to the drill bit and hence provide useful information to modify the well trajectory in real time to maximize drilling efficiency and to steer the well toward the best storage and production zones.
Underwater acoustic measurements: Sound-source-verification techniques — Drift-buoy and towed-array solutions
Authors: Heath Brian , Wyatt Roy , Glanfield Rachel , Baruwa Sherifat
Published: May 2015

Underwater sound is recognized as an important environmental issue because of the effects of sound on marine life. Government agencies and regulators worldwide are showing an increasing interest in sound-source-verification (SSV) techniques, analysis, and results. Analysis provides the necessary information to assess the impact of sound on marine mammals, which can range from behavioral changes to auditory damage, as well as to assess the impact on the environment. Marine mammals generally rely heavily on their sense of hearing for communication, prey location, predator detection, navigation, and echolocation, so prolonged exposure to continuous sound is potentially harmful.
A refraction method to detect reservoir velocity and anisotropy
Authors: Tura Ali , Kazinnik Roman , Tao Yi , Betterly Seth
Published: May 2015

Since its inception in the early 1980s, detection of fractures and stress using P-wave reflection amplitudes and traveltimes has proved to be challenging. A significant amount of theory has been developed, but convincing and calibrated applications of the theory to field data have been lacking. This is mainly because of the physical limitation that P-wave reflection amplitudes sample only a small areal region (Fresnel zone) of the reservoir. Similarly, P-wave reflection traveltimes sample only a limited thickness (twice near-vertical reservoir thickness) compared with total traveltime from the source to the receiver. As a result, estimation of reservoir anisotropy from P-wave reflection data is inherently limited. A new method is used to detect fracturing and stress in addition to reservoir velocity. When available, the use of refracted P-wave traveltimes from a target of interest can provide robust information on reservoir velocity and anisotropy caused by fractures and horizontal stress variations. This is because refracted waves travel horizontally inside the medium under investigation and sample a large section of the target, integrating the anisotropic variation along different azimuths. Azimuthal variation of refraction traveltimes from the investigated medium can be used to invert for velocity and anisotropy. This traveltime method is applied to the highly fractured Joanne reservoir in the U. K. sector of the Central North Sea.
Field-Testing of Structure on Shallow Foundation to Evaluate Soil-Structure Interaction Effects
Authors: Star Lisa M. , Givens Michael J. , Nigbor Robert L. , Stewart Jonathan P.
Published: May 2015

A simple test structure was designed and constructed to facilitate forced-vibration testing of a shallow foundation experiencing combined base shear and moment demands. The structure consists of a reinforced concrete foundation and top slab separated by steel columns that can be configured with braces. The slabs have a 2:1 aspect ratio in plan view to facilitate variable amount of overturning for shaking in orthogonal directions. The structure was transported to two field sites with representative shear-wave velocities of approximately V S = 95 m/s and 190 m/s. At each site, the foundation slab was cast-in-place. Forced vibration testing was conducted over a wide range of frequencies and load levels to enable the evaluation of foundation-soil stiffness and damping behavior for linear and nonlinear conditions. The data collected to facilitate such analyses include acceleration, displacement, and foundation pressure records (data can be accessed at DOI: 10.4231/D3NK3658M, DOI: 10.4231/D3HT2GC4G, DOI: 10.4231/D3D21RK0N).
Experimental Fragility Analysis of Suspension Ceiling Systems
Authors: Soroushian Siavash , Rahmanishamsi Esmaeel , Ryu Ki P. , Maragakis Manos , Reinhorn Andrei M.
Published: May 2015

The seismic response of suspended ceiling systems that were shaken at the University at Buffalo; University of Nevada, Reno; and E-Defense facilities is critically assessed in this paper. After presenting a brief description of each experiment, the most repetitive damage observations in all experiments are discussed. Fragility curves are developed for ceiling perimeter connectors, supporting elements, and overall performance of ceiling systems by using 346 combinations of ceiling configurations and shake intensities. The key findings of these curves are the insufficient support of the 7/8-in. wall angles, unconservative code design capacity of connections for supporting elements, and early damage of ceiling systems because of ceiling-piping interaction. Acceleration amplification factors of ceiling systems with respect to suspending floor are computed. The amplification factors prescribed by the code were found to be unconservative due to the pounding of panels to the ceiling grids and deck vibration in a vertical direction.
Common Justice: Vengeance and Retribution in Creek Country
Authors: Nooe Evan
Published: May 2015

Through the 1700s and early 1800s, Creek nationalism had the potential to both assert political autonomy and devolve into catastrophe. Projected externally, Creek nationalism engaged Euro-Americans and afforded room for local negotiation among towns and clans. However, the nationalist dynamic shifted with increased external pressure and the centralization of domestic political authority. Embodied in the suppression of retaliatory killings, the nationalist assertion of control fundamentally changed Creek country and had broad cultural ramifications. The push for exclusive authority over domestic justice forced each Creek to evaluate clan, town, and national loyalties, contributing to the many divisions leading up to the 1813 Creek War.
From Chains to Chiles: An Elite Afro-Indigenous Couple in Colonial Mexico, 1641–1688
Authors: Silva Pablo Miguel Sierra
Published: May 2015

This article explores the life of an elite Afro-indigenous couple in the city of Puebla de los Ángeles during the seventeenth century. Through the study of a freedman, Felipe Monsón y Mojica, and his indigenous wife, Juana María de la Cruz, I propose a new approach to the study of the African diaspora in the urban centers of New Spain (colonial Mexico). By combining an extensive corpus of notarial, judicial, and parochial records with isolated references to Puebla's Nahuatl-language annals, this article also sheds light on city-dwelling native women who married enslaved men. I argue that formal unions of this type held enormous social, political, and commercial potential for Afro-indigenous couples to emerge as new political actors and urban patrons. In particular, the Monsón de la Cruz household rose to a position of preeminence in pardo religious and military corporations through commerce in indigenous agricultural products.
The Sword and the Olive Jar: Material Evidence of Seventeenth-Century Maya-European Interaction in Central Belize
Authors: Awe Jaime J. , Helmke Christophe
Published: May 2015

This article describes the recent discovery of a sword and olive jar of European origin in two separate cave sites in the Roaring Creek Valley in central Belize. Analysis of the sword and olive jar places their date of manufacture between the late sixteenth and the mid-seventeenth century. The sociopolitical environment that prevailed along the seventeenth-century colonial frontier in Belize suggests that the sword was acquired by the Maya by peaceful or bellicose interactions with Europeans, whereas the archaeological contexts in which the European-made objects were discovered provide evidence for native ritual continuity amid persistent proselytization efforts by the Spanish invaders.
Search Before Trade-offs Are Known
Authors: Massala Otso , Tsetlin Ilia
Published: May 2015

Search, broadly defined, is a critical managerial activity. Our contribution is a model of search for multiattribute alternatives, and our focus is on parallel search, where the decision is about the number of alternatives to explore. Most of the search literature considers univariate alternatives, and it can be applied to a multiattribute setting provided that the trade-offs to be used at the final selection stage were known at the search stage. However, uncertainty about trade-offs is likely to occur, especially in settings that involve parallel search (e.g., vendor selection, new product development, innovation tournaments). We show that incorporating uncertainty about trade-offs into a model changes its search strategy recommendations. Failing to account for such uncertainty, which is likely in practice, leads to suboptimal search and potentially large losses. For parallel search and a multivariate elliptical (e.g., normal) distribution of the alternatives, the solution is equivalent to univariate search with appropriately adjusted standard deviation. We prove that, in this setting, the optimal number of alternatives to explore increases if uncertainty about trade-offs increases, and we discuss the value of information about uncertain trade-offs.
A New Semidefinite Programming Relaxation for the Quadratic Assignment Problem and Its Computational Perspectives
Authors: de Klerk E. , Sotirov R. , Truetsch U.
Published: May 2015

Recent progress in solving quadratic assignment problems (QAPs) from the QAPLIB (Quadratic Assignment Problem Library) test set has come from mixed-integer linear or quadratic programming models that are solved in a branch-and-bound framework. Semidefinite programming (SDP) bounds for QAPs have also been studied in some detail, but their computational impact has been limited so far, mostly because of the restrictive size of the early relaxations. Some recent progress has been made by studying smaller SDP relaxations and by exploiting group symmetry in the QAP data. In this work, we introduce a new SDP relaxation, where the matrix variables are only of the order of the QAP dimension, and we show how one may exploit group symmetry in the problem data for this relaxation. We also provide a detailed numerical comparison with related bounds from the literature. In particular, we compute the best-known lower bounds for two QAPLIB instances.
An Excursion-Theoretic Approach to Regulator’s Bank Reorganization Problem
Authors: Egami Masahiko , Oryu Tadao
Published: May 2015

The importance of the global financial system cannot be exaggerated. When a large financial institution becomes problematic and is bailed out, that bank is often claimed as “too big to fail.” On the other hand, to prevent bank’s failure, regulatory authorities adopt the Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) against a bank that violates certain criteria, often measured by its leverage ratio. In this article, we provide a framework where one can analyze the cost and effect of PCAs. We model a large bank that has deteriorating assets and regulatory actions attempting to prevent the bank’s failure. The model uses the excursion theory of Lévy processes and finds an optimal leverage ratio that triggers a PCA. A nice feature includes that it incorporates the fact that social cost associated with PCAs are greatly affected by the size of banks subject to PCAs. In other words, one can see the cost of rescuing a bank that is too big to fail.
From station to training
Authors: Clarke Jenni
Published: May 2015

Last month, we saw how complex play was allowed to evolve when staff in a nursery followed children's interest in weapon play; this month, negotiation skills and problem solving techniques were explored.
Taking control of stress
Authors: Jefferies Tina
Published: May 2015

We all experience stress and in many ways we need it to be able to function safely as humans, however, too much is bad for you, so how do we maintain a healthy balance while working in the early years?
Making reading more meaningful
Authors: Bishop Jennifer
Published: May 2015

A recent report from a group of charities has highlighted a growing national reading crisis, but why is this? How can this be, when the government is so committed to phonics? Perhaps that is the reason?
What we can learn from… Summer!
Authors: Chapman Ailsa
Published: May 2015

Summer, what images does the word conjure up for you? For me, it is everything being ripe and in bloom; the world is light, bright and warm, with sights and smells, unique to this special time of the year.
Beating out a rhythm
Authors: Taylor Kath
Published: May 2015

Creating songs does not have to involve being able to write musical notation, it can be represented in any way children choose, which is great because they are naturals when it comes to making songs.
Colour of emergencies
Authors: Williams David
Published: May 2015

There is a great deal we can do to help keep children safe, both within the setting and in the wider environment. You are never too young to know what to do and who can help when things go wrong.
The latest treatments for COPD
Authors: Attar-Zadeh Darush
Published: May 2015

It is vital to understand the wide variety of COPD therapies available in order to help patients find the one which will help them to best manage their condition, explains Darush Attar-Zadeh
Nutraceuticals and skin health: what are the key benefits and protective properties?
Authors: Pearson Kim
Published: May 2015

Nutraceuticals are defined as a food, or part of a food, that provides medical or health benefits, including the prevention and/or treatment of a disease. Specific nutraceuticals have been proven beneficial in optimising skin health and promoting healthy skin ageing. This article discusses the evidence surrounding nutrients that are essential for skin collagen synthesis and skin cell renewal. It also investigates nutrients that have been proven capable of providing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in the skin, as well as protection from sun damage, and the promotion of skin hydration. In this paper, the author suggests key considerations when recommending nutraceuticals to aesthetic patients, including the importance of choosing well-researched nutrients, provided in bioavailable forms, at a dose proven to be effective. When combined with a healthy, balanced diet and the use of high-quality cosmeceuticals, nutraceuticals can help provide a global approach to optimising skin health and delaying signs of ageing.
Training in medical aesthetics: why do we need it and how can we make it better?
Authors: Freytag Barbara
Published: May 2015

In an unregulated industry, where many treatments are being provided by individuals who are not very competent or experienced, high-quality training on the use of products and operation of machines is key. Although the Department of Health and Health Education have looked into what is needed to improve standards in the sector, Barbara Freytag believes there is still some way to go to resolve critical issues
Promoting your aesthetic clinic before, during and after summer
Authors: Deakin Barbara
Published: May 2015

The festive and summer seasons are arguably the busiest times of the year for aesthetic clinics, with clients booking up for treatments to feel more confident in their swimwear and look great in their party dresses. With the summer holidays on the horizon, Barbara Deakin suggests ways in which aesthetic practitioners can maximise their clinic's potential with short-term and long-term treatment packages
O Real Colégio de S. Paulo: acervo documental de um colégio universitário de Coimbra (1559-1834)
Authors: Bandeira Ana Maria Leitão , Costa Anabela Rodrigues Oliveira
Published: May 2015

O Real Colégio de S. Paulo, fundado em 1549, por D. João III, foi um colégio universitário cuja vida decorreu paralelamente à da Universidade de Coimbra, instituição da qual dependia quanto à confirmação da eleição do seu reitor, aprovação de contas, concessão de dotação patrimonial, etc. O edifício onde esteve instalado começou a ser construído em 1549, mas só viria a ser inaugurado em 2 de maio de 1563, apesar de já receber colegiais desde 1558. Neste trabalho, é feita a descrição do acervo documental que se encontra no Arquivo da Universidade de Coimbra e que foi produzido no período cronológico de 1559 a 1834, data da extinção do colégio. A norma internacional ISAD (G) e a orientação nacional prescrita na ODA nortearam esta descrição arquivística, sendo também apresentado o inventário do subfundo e respetivas séries.
O Governo do Santo Ofício no tempo de D. Pedro de Lencastre (1671-1673)
Authors: Ribas Marta Silveira Martins
Published: May 2015

Este artigo versa sobre o governo da Inquisição portuguesa, no tempo do inquisidor geral D. Pedro de Lencastre, duque de Aveiro, período que se compreende entre outubro de 1671 a abril de 1673, e tenta perceber, nesse exercício, como o Tribunal do Santo Ofício se relacionou com a difícil conjuntura política, social e económica que assolou a regência de D. Pedro pelo mesmo período.
An assessment of ambient air quality in two major cities in the state of Kuwait
Authors: Alenezi Raslan , Al-anezi Bader
Published: May 2015

In this study, hourly mean continuous air pollution data for the year 2010 from two monitoring stations in major urban districts in the State of Kuwait were analyzed. The ambient air quality in the Al-Mansouriah and Al-Jahra districts was evaluated in terms of the hourly average concentrations of selected major air pollutants during the winter and summer seasons. The diurnal variations of these pollutants were analyzed, and in-depth comparisons of the two pollutant concentrations for the two districts were conducted to determine the predominant sources of the air pollutants. The concentrations of CO, PM10 and NO2 in the two districts exhibited different patterns in the summer and winter due to differences in the activities that take place in the surrounding areas. The concentrations of SO2 were high in both cities because of the Al-Doha power plant and oil fields near the city in Al-Jahra. The ozone concentration is highly correlated with NOx emissions and is greater in the summer than in the winter. The results confirm that road traffic is a major source of air pollution in the Al-Mansouriah district. The Al-Doha power plant and the oil fields near Al-Jahra greatly affect the air quality in that district.
SURGICAL AND NON-SURGICAL THERAPY OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME IN CHILDREN
Authors: Šujanská Anna , Ďurdík Peter , Rabasco Jole , Vitelli Ottavio , Pietropaoli Nicoletta , Villa Maria Pia
Published: May 2015

Interventions of paediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are complex, varied and multidisciplinary. The goal of the treatment is to restore optimal breathing during the night and to relieve associated symptoms. Evidence suggests that the surgical intervention with removal of the tonsils and adenoids will lead to significant improvements in the most incomplicated cases, as recently reported from a meta-analysis. However, post-operative persistence of this syndrome in paediatric population is more frequent than expected, which supports the idea of the complexity of this syndrome. Adenotomy alone may not be sufficient in children with OSAS, because it does not address oropharyngeal obstruction secondary to tonsillar hyperplasia. Continuous positive airway pressure can effectively treat this syndrome in selected groups of children, improving both nocturnal and daytime symptoms, but poor adherence is a limiting factor. For this reason, CPAP is not recommended as first-line therapy for OSAS when adenotonsillectomy is an option. It is now being investigated the incorporation of nonsurgical approaches for milder forms and for residual OSAS after surgical intervention. Althought adeno­tonsillar hypertrophy is the most common for OSAS in children; obesity is emerging as an equally important etiological factor. Therefore an intensive weight reduction program and adequate sleep hygiene are also important lifestyle changes that may be very effective in mitigating the symptoms of this syndrome. Pharmacological therapy (leukotriene antagonists, topical nasal steroids) is usually use for mild forms of OSAS and in children with associated allergic diseases. Special orthodontic treatment and oropharyngeal exercises are a relatively new and promising alternative therapeutic modality used in selected groups of children with OSAS.
NANOTECHNOLOGY – NEW TRENDS IN THE TREATMENT OF BRAIN TUMOURS
Authors: Krůpa Petr , Řehák Svatopluk , Diaz-Garcia Daniel , Filip Stanislav
Published: May 2015

High grade gliomas are some of the deadliest human tumours. Conventional treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy have only a limited effect. Nowadays, resection is the common treatment of choice and although new approaches, such as perioperative magnetic resonance imaging or fluorescent microscopy have been developed, the survival rate of diagnosed patients is still very low. The inefficacy of conventional methods has led to the development of new strategies and the significant progress of nanotechnology in recent years. These platforms can be used either as novel imaging tools or to improve anticancer drug delivery into tumours while minimizing its distribution and toxicity in healthy tissues. Amongst the new nanotechnology platforms used for delivery into the brain tissue are: polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, nanoshells, carbon nanotubes, superparamagnetic nanoparticles and nucleic acid based nanoparticles (DNA, RNA interference [RNAi] and antisense oligonucleotides [ASO]). These nanoparticles have been applied in the delivery of small molecular weight drugs as well as macromolecules – proteins, peptides and genes. The unique properties of these nanoparticles, such as surface charge, particle size, composition and ability to modify their surface with tissue recognition ligands and antibodies, improve their biodistribution and pharmacokinetics. All of the above mentioned characteristics make of nanoplatforms a very suitable tool for its use in targeted, personalized medicine, where they could possibly carry large doses of therapeutic agents specifically into malignant cells while avoiding healthy cells. This review poses new possibilities in the large field of nanotechnology with special interest in the treatment of high grade brain tumours.
ASPIRIN RESISTANCE IN NEUROVASCULAR DISEASES
Authors: Vališ Martin , Krajíčková Dagmar , Malý Jaroslav , Malý Radovan , Fátorová Ilona , Vyšata Oldřich , Herzig Roman
Published: May 2015

Introduction: The issue of resistance to antiplatelet therapy has raised many questions in the area of neurovascular diseases. The first objective of this work was to determine the prevalence of aspirin resistance in neurovascular patients with clinical non-responsiveness to aspirin treatment and a high-risk of atherothrombotic complications using two interpretable and independent methods (aggregation and PFA 100). The second objective was to find the correlation between both assays and to evaluate the results in groups at risk for various cerebrovascular diseases. Material and methods: Laboratory tests of aspirin resistance were performed in 79 patients with clinical non-responsiveness to aspirin treatment suffering from neurovascular diseases. Patients were divided into the two groups: expected low risk for aspirin resistance due to the first manifestation of a neurovascular disease (n = 34) and expected high risk due to the second clinical manifestation of a neurovascular disease (n = 45). Results: The prevalence of aspirin resistance in both groups combined as determined by the PFA-100 and CPG techniques were 50.6% and 17.7%, respectively. No correlation was found between the two techniques. Conclusions: No significant prevalence of aspirin resistance was demonstrated by either method despite the heterogeneous pathophysiological mechanisms. However, we are presently unable to provide an accurate opinion on the value of laboratory test result or routine monitoring in clinical neurology.
United We Stand: The Impact of Buying Groups on Retailer Productivity
Authors: Geyskens Inge , Gielens Katrijn , Wuyts Stefan
Published: May 2015

In diverse industries, from grocery retailing to health care, retailers join buying groups to achieve better terms with suppliers. The authors track the buying group membership of Europe's largest grocery retailers over a 15-year period and evaluate why some buying groups are better than others in increasing retailer performance and why different members belonging to the same group do not always benefit equally from their membership. They find that, on average, buying groups indeed generate scale advantages for their members: group scale increases group members' productivity and sales and decreases their cost of goods sold. Still, bigger is not always better. Retailers benefit less from buying group scale when the group is more heterogeneous in terms of member size and when it extends its scope across too many markets. Moreover, the smaller a member is within the group and the more it overlaps with fellow members, the less it benefits.
On Conditions for Unrectifiability of a Metric
Space
Authors: Hajłasz Piotr , Malekzadeh Soheil
Published: May 2015

We find necessary and sufficient conditions for a Lipschitz map f : E ⊂ ℝk → X into a metric space
to satisfy ℋk(f(E)) = 0. An interesting feature of our approach is that despite the fact that we are dealing with
arbitrary metric spaces, we employ a variant of the classical implicit function theorem. Applications include
pure unrectifiability of the Heisenberg groups.
Inverse Limit Spaces Satisfying a Poincaré Inequality
Authors: Cheeger Jeff , Kleiner Bruce
Published: May 2015

We give conditions on Gromov-Hausdorff convergent inverse systems of metric measure graphs
which imply that the measured Gromov-Hausdorff limit (equivalently, the inverse limit) is a PI space i.e., it
satisfies a doubling condition and a Poincaré inequality in the sense of Heinonen-Koskela [12]. The Poincaré
inequality is actually of type (1, 1). We also give a systematic construction of examples for which our conditions
are satisfied. Included are known examples of PI spaces, such as Laakso spaces, and a large class of new
examples. As follows easily from [4], generically our examples have the property that they do not bilipschitz
embed in any Banach space with Radon-Nikodym property. For Laakso spaces, thiswas noted in [4]. However
according to [7] these spaces admit a bilipschitz embedding in L1. For Laakso spaces, this was announced
in [5].
Some Results on Maps That Factor through a Tree
Authors: Züst Roger
Published: May 2015

We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a map deffned on a simply-connected quasi-convex
metric space to factor through a tree. In case the target is the Euclidean plane and the map is Hölder continuous
with exponent bigger than 1/2, such maps can be characterized by the vanishing of some integrals
over winding number functions. This in particular shows that if the target is the Heisenberg group equipped
with the Carnot-Carathéodory metric and the Hölder exponent of the map is bigger than 2/3, the map factors
through a tree.
Locally n-Connected Compacta and UVn
-Maps
Authors: Valov V.
Published: May 2015

We provide a machinery for transferring some properties of metrizable ANR-spaces to metrizable
LCn-spaces. As a result, we show that for completely metrizable spaces the properties ALCn, LCn and
WLCn coincide to each other. We also provide the following spectral characterizations of ALCn and celllike
compacta: A compactum X is ALCn if and only if X is the limit space of a σ-complete inverse system S = {Xα , pβ
α , α < β < τ} consisting of compact metrizable LCn-spaces Xα such that all bonding projections
pβ
α, as a well all limit projections pα, are UVn-maps.
A compactum X is a cell-like (resp., UVn) space if and only if X is the limit space of a σ-complete inverse
system consisting of cell-like (resp., UVn) metrizable compacta.
Mathematical Model of Forecasting the Formation of Sinkhole Using Salustowicz’s Theory / Model Matematyczny Prognozowania Zapadlisk Przy Wykorzystaniu Teorii Sklepienia Ciśnień Sałustowicza
Authors: Strzałkowski Piotr
Published: May 2015

In area affected by old, shallow extraction in some cases sinkholes are formed, causing security issues in urbanized areas. Problem of working out deterministic forecast of this threat seems to be important and up-to-date. Mathematical model presented in this work let us predict the possibility of sinkhole formation. That prediction is essential for analyzing possibility of investments in such areas. Basing on presented work, it is also possible to determine dimensions of sinkhole. Considerations are based on known from literature Sałustowicz’s theory, which is utilises Huber’s solution of equation describing the stress state around elliptic void made in flat plate
Influence of the Plow Filling and Thread Angle onto the Plow Head Efficiency / Wpływ Współczynnika Wypełnienia Organu Oraz Kąta Nawinięcia Płata Ślimaka Na Sprawność Ładowania Frezującymi Organami Ślimakowymi
Authors: Wydro Tomasz
Published: May 2015

Laboratory examinations on the plow heads at various filling rate and material grain-size, as well as various values of worm thread angle of the plow head have been executed. Influence of the worm thread angle and plow head filling onto optimal loading efficiency, has also been tested.
Rare Earth Elements of Orzeskie Beds of South-West Part Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland) / Pierwiastki Ziem Rzadkich Z Pokładów Węgla Warstw Orzeskich Południowo-Zachodniej Części Gzw (Polska)
Authors: Adamczyk Zdzisław , Białecka Barbara , Moszko Joanna Całusz , Komorek Joanna , Lewandowska Małgorzata
Published: May 2015

The subject of the research concerned the coal samples from 360/1, 361 and 362/1 seams of the Orzesze beds in the “Pniówek” coal mine. The obtained samples were characterized by low ash content - 2.22- 6.27% of the mass. The chemical composition of the ash indicates the presence of aluminosilicate minerals in the analyzed coal samples - most likely clay minerals, the presence of which has been confirmed in microscopic tests of the petrographic composition of channel samples of coal.

The content of rare earth elements (REE sum) in the ash of the tested coal seams ranged from 364 to 1429 ppm. Variation of the REE content has been observed within a single seam.

The fraction of REE indicates a relation with a mineral substance. No relation of the REE fraction and the presence of red beds has been found based on the tested samples.

The content of REE found in ash, normalized to chondrites, is characterized by LREE enrichment in relation to HREE. The Eu anomaly is most likely related to tuff and tonstein levels occurring in Orzesze beds, which accompany the coal seams in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (i.a., south of the studied area).

The research has indicated that LREE in the tested samples are more related to the mineral substance, while HREE have a stronger affinity with organic substances.
Simulation Based Investigation of Different Fleet Management Paradigms in Open Pit Mines-A Case Study of Sungun Copper Mine / Symulacje I Badania Różnych Paradygmatów Wykorzystania Floty Pojazdów I Urządzeń W Kopalniach Odkrywkowych. Studium Przypadku: Kopalnia Miedzi W Sungun
Authors: Hashemi Ali Saadatmand , Sattarvand Javad
Published: May 2015

Using simulation modeling, different management systems of the open pit mining equipment including non-dispatching, dispatching and blending solutions have been studied for the Sungun copper mine. Developed model has the capability of considering detailed features of both loading and hauling equipment. Productivity assessment scenarios have been established on the constructed model and the outputs revealed the noteworthy impact of the match factor of the trucks to the loaders on the production rate by over 40%. A dispatching simulation model with the objective function of minimizing truck waiting times have been developed and 7.8% improvement obtained by applying a flexible assignment of the trucks for the loaders compared to the fixed assignment system. Finally ore grade blending control unit has been introduced into the model. Getting the advantages of the newly added module it became possible to monitor the portion of material excavated from different operating benches and control truck dispatching rules for keeping the overall ore grade exactly at desired value.