bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lenvatinib or Sorafenib Treatment Causing a Decrease in Skeletal Muscle Mass, an Independent Prognostic Factor in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Survival Analysis Using Time-Varying Covariates
Authors: Imai Kenji , Takai Koji , Unome Shinji , Miwa Takao , Hanai Tatsunori , Suetsugu Atsushi , Shimizu Masahito
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to assess the effects of lenvatinib (LEN) or sorafenib (SOR) treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on body composition and changes in body composition on survival. This study enrolled 77 HCC patients. Skeletal muscle index (SMI), subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue indices (SATI and VATI), AFP, PIVKA-II, and ALBI scores were analyzed at the time of LEN/SOR introduction, three months after the introduction, at treatment discontinuation, and the last observational time. The differences between chronological changes in these values were analyzed using a paired t-test. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze prognostic factors using time-varying covariates. The chronological changes in each factor were 45.5–43.6–40.6–39.8 (cm2/m2) for SMI, 41.7–41.6–36.3–33.7 (cm2/m2) for SATI, 41.9–41.1–37.1–34.8 (cm2/m2) for VATI, 2.379–26.42–33.61–36.32 (×103 ng/mL) for AFP, 9.404–13.39–61.34–25.70 (×103 mAU/mL) for PIVKA-II, and −2.56–−2.38–−1.99–−1.90 for the ALBI score. The presence of pre-treatment (p = 0.042), AFP (p = 0.002), PIVKA-II (p < 0.001), ALBI score (p < 0.001), and SMI (p = 0.001) were independent prognostic factors. Skeletal muscle mass decreases significantly during LEN/SOR treatment and is an independent prognostic factor for HCC.
CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol on CuO-ZnO/SiO2 and CuO-ZnO/CeO2-SiO2 Catalysts Synthesized with β-Cyclodextrin Template
Authors: Vertepov Andrey E. , Fedorova Anna A. , Batkin Alexander M. , Knotko Alexander V. , Maslakov Konstantin I. , Doljenko Vladimir D. , Vasiliev Alexander V. , Kapustin Gennadiy I. , Shatalova Tatyana B. , Sorokina Nadezhda M. , Kustov Leonid M. , Morozov Igor V. , Kustov Alexander L.
Published: August 2023

A series of mixed copper (II)—zinc oxide catalysts supported on unmodified and ceria-modified silica supports were synthesized using β-cyclodextrin as a template. The novelty of this work lies in the use of cyclosextrins for the template synthesis of catalyst supports. The obtained samples were analyzed by XRD, SEM-EDX, low-temperature nitrogen physisorption, XPS, and EPR. The magnetic properties of the catalysts were also measured. The thermal decomposition of precursors was analyzed by TGA combined with mass-spectrometric analysis of the evolved gases. The effects of the support pore size, the nature of the active phase and its loading, as well as the sequence of component deposition on the catalyst performance in the CO2 conversion to methanol were studied. The catalysts with cerium added at the gelation stage demonstrated the best performance. The selectivity of these samples reaches values of more than 90% over a fairly ide temperature range, with the productivity reaching 480 g/kg cat·h at 300 °C.
Hierarchical Design of Homologous NiCoP/NF from Layered Double Hydroxides as a Long-Term Stable Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Song Shenglu , Song Ailing , Bai Lei , Duanmu Manman , Wang Lixin , Dong Haifeng , Qin Xiujuan , Shao Guangjie
Published: August 2023

Ternary transition metal phosphides (TTMPs) with two-dimensional heterointerface and adjustable electronic structures have been widely studied in hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). However, single-phase TMPs often have inappropriate H* adsorption energy and electronic transfer efficiency in HER. Herein, we utilized the heterogeneity in the crystal structure to design an efficient and stable catalyst from the NiCoP nanowire@NiCoP nanosheet on nickel foam (NW-NiCoP@NS-NiCoP/NF) for HER. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with a heterogeneous matrix on crystal surfaces were grown under different reaction conditions, and non-metallic P was introduced by anion exchange to adjust the electronic structure of the transition metals. The hierarchical structure of homologous NiCoP/NF from the LDH allows for a larger surface area, which results in more active sites and improved gas diffusion. The optimized NW-NiCoP@NS-NiCoP/NF electrode exhibits excellent HER activity, with an overpotential of 144 mV, a Tafel slope of 84.2 mV dec−1 at a current density of 100 mA cm−2 and remarkable stability for more than 500 h in 1.0 M KOH electrolyte. This work provides ideas for elucidating the rational design of structural heterogeneity as an efficient electrocatalyst and the in situ construction of hierarchical structures.
Inhibitory Fc-Gamma IIb Receptor Signaling Induced by Multivalent IgG-Fc Is Dependent on Sialylation
Authors: Beneduce Christopher , Nguyen Stephanie , Washburn Nathaniel , Schaeck John , Meccariello Robin , Holte Kimberly , Ortiz Daniel , Manning Anthony M. , Bosques Carlos J. , Kurtagic Elma
Published: August 2023

Immunoglobulin (IgG) Fc glycosylation has been shown to be important for the biological activity of antibodies. Fc sialylation is important for the anti-inflammatory activity of IgGs. However, evaluating the structure–activity relationship (SAR) of antibody Fc glycosylation has been hindered using simplified in vitro models in which antibodies are often displayed in monomeric forms. Presenting antibodies in monomeric forms may not accurately replicate the natural environment of the antibodies when binding their antigen in vivo. To address these limitations, we used different Fc-containing molecules, displaying their Fc domains in monovalent and multivalent fashion. Given the inhibitory role of Fc gamma receptor IIb (FcγRIIb) in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, we focused on evaluating the impact of Fc sialylation on the activation of FcγRIIb. We report for the first time that in human cellular systems, sialic acid mediates the induction of FcγRIIb phosphorylation by IgG-Fc when the IgG-Fc is displayed in a multivalent fashion. This effect was observed with different types of therapeutic agents such as sialylated anti-TNFα antibodies, sialylated IVIg and sialylated recombinant multivalent Fc products. These studies represent the first report of the specific effects of Fc sialylation on FcγRIIb signaling on human immune cells and may help in the characterization of the anti-inflammatory activity of Fc-containing therapeutic candidates.
Scutellaria baicalensis Attenuated Neurological Impairment by Regulating Programmed Cell Death Pathway in Ischemic Stroke Mice
Authors: Seo Ho-won , Ha Tae-Young , Ko Geon , Jang Aram , Choi Ji-Woong , Lee Dong-hun , Chang Keun-A
Published: August 2023

Stroke is a major global health problem that causes significant mortality and long-term disability. Post-stroke neurological impairment is a complication that is often underestimated with the risk of persistent neurological deficits. Although traditional Chinese medicines have a long history of being used for stroke, their scientific efficacy remains unclear. Scutellaria baicalensis, an herbal component known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has traditionally been used to treat brain disorders. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of the Scutellaria baicalensis extraction (SB) during the acute stage of ischemic stroke using photothrombotic (PTB)-induced and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model mice. We found that SB mitigated ischemic brain injury, as evidenced by a significant reduction in the modified neurological severity score in the acute stage of PTB and both the acute and chronic stages of tMCAO. Furthermore, we elucidated the regulatory role of SB in the necroptosis and pyroptosis pathways during the acute stage of stroke, underscoring its protective effects. Behavioral assessments demonstrated the effectiveness of SB in ameliorating motor dysfunction and cognitive impairment compared to the group receiving the vehicle. Our findings highlight the potential of SB as a promising therapeutic candidate for stroke. SB was found to help modulate the programmed cell death pathways, promote neuroprotection, and facilitate functional recovery.
Paramagnetic Properties of Carbon Films
Authors: Baitimbetova Bagila A. , Ryabikin Yuri A. , Rakymetov Bagdat A. , Murzalinov Danatbek O. , Kantarbaeva Dinara O. , Duamet Bahat , Dmitriyeva Elena A. , Serikkanov Abay S. , Yelemessov Kassym
Published: August 2023

This research paper presents the results of obtaining carbon films on various substrates (quartz, mica, and silicon) at temperatures from 0 °C (initial) to 800 °C through plasma chemical vapor deposition. The carbon films obtained on various films were studied using the method of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). EPR measurements were carried out on twenty samples at a perpendicular and parallel arrangement of the sample plane concerning the orientation of the magnetic field. When measuring the resonance conditions by changing the magnetic field, an EPR signal appeared in all of the deposited samples. The paper presents a general view of the EPR spectrum in all of the samples, including the signal intensity, g-factor, line widths, and normalized signal intensity of the carbon films on various substrates at temperatures from 0 °C to 800 °C. Studies show that with an increase in temperature, the normalized intensity of the EPR signal line increases during the deposition of a carbon in all deposited substrates (quartz, mica, and silicon) using the method of plasma decomposition of a mixture of methane and hydrogen.
Temperature Dependent Anti-Icing Performance of the Microstructure Surface: Wettability Change and Ice Nucleation
Authors: Lu Yi
Published: August 2023

Icing has caused much inconvenience to daily production and life. A microstructure surface possessing a hydrophobic property is an effective countermeasure to impede or delay ice formation for anti-icing purposes. However, surface wettability is sensitive to environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity. In the worst-case scenario, a Wenzel state drop forms and causes degradation of surface anti-icing performance. In this study, a copper alloy was used as the testing sample, and the surface was fabricated using mechanical polishing, micro-milling machining and ultrafast laser etching to form the desired topology and microstructures. The hydrophobicity and icephobicity of four types of surfaces including smooth flat, rough flat, rough microstructure and smooth microstructure were tested by depositing droplets from room temperature to an ultralow subzero temperature condition (below −30 °C). At −10 °C, the icephobicity of the surface was consistent with the surface wettability at room temperature. However, the hydrophobicity of the surface slightly decreased, and a Wenzel state drop formed on the microstructure surface. At −30 °C, the apparent contact angle and the ice–substrate contact area were mainly affected by ice nucleation rather than surface wettability. The bottom layer of the droplet froze after immediate contact with the substrate due to a higher degree of supercooling. The formation of a Cassie state drop reduced the ice–substrate contact area and created more air cushions, which facilitated the extension of the icing process of the drop. The enhancement in the anti-icing performance of the microstructure surface was analyzed from a theoretical basis.
Kids Surfing the Web: A Comparative Study in Portugal
Authors: Monteiro Angélica , Sousa Cláudia , Barros Rita
Published: August 2023

The conditions for safe Internet access and the development of skills enabling full participation in online environments are recognized in the Council of Europe’s strategy for child rights, from 2022. The guarantee of this right has implications for experiences inside and outside the school context. Therefore, this study aims to compare the perceptions of students from different educational levels, who participated in a digital storytelling workshop, regarding online safety, searching habits, and digital competences. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey completed by 84 Portuguese students from elementary and secondary schools. A non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance was used to identify differences as children advanced across educational stages. The results revealed that secondary students tended to spend more time online and demonstrated more advanced search skills. Interestingly, the youngest children exhibited higher competences in creating games and practicing safety measures regarding online postings. These findings emphasize the importance of schools, in a joint action with the educational community, including parents, teachers and students, in developing a coordinated and vertically integrated approach to digital education that considers the children’s current knowledge, attitudes, and skills as a starting point for pedagogical intervention.
The Possibility of Layered Non-Van Der Waals Boron Group Oxides: A First-Principles Perspective
Authors: Zhou Yu , Zhu Jun , Cai Dongyu , Cheng Yingchun
Published: August 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) metal oxides have broad prospective applications in the fields of catalysis, electronic devices, sensors, and detectors. However, non-van der Waals 2D metal oxides have rarely been studied because they are hard to peel off or synthesize. In this work, taking alumina (Al2O3) as a typical representative of 2D boron group oxides, the structural stability and electrical properties of 2D Al2O3 are investigated through first-principles calculations. The thinnest Al2O3 structure is a bilayer, and the band gap of Al2O3 is found to decrease with decreasing layer thickness because of the giant surface reconstruction. The band gap of bilayer X2O3 (X = Al, Ga, and In) decreases with increasing atomic radius. Our findings provide theoretical support for the preparation of non-van der Waals 2D boron group oxide semiconductors.
Is There a Role for Risk-Reducing Bilateral Breast Surgery in BRCA1/2 Ovarian Cancer Survivors? An Observational Study
Authors: Oliveira Daniela , Fernandes Sofia , Miguel Isália , Fragoso Sofia , Vaz Fátima
Published: August 2023

Background: Risk-reducing surgeries are an option for cancer risk management in BRCA1/2 individuals. However, while adnexectomy is commonly recommended in breast cancer (BC) survivors, risk-reducing bilateral breast surgery (RRBBS) is controversial in ovarian cancer (OC) survivors due to relapse rates and mortality. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of BRCA1/2-OC survivors, with OC as first cancer diagnosis. Results: Median age at OC diagnosis for the 69 BRCA1/2-OC survivors was 54 years. Median overall survival was 8 years, being significantly higher for BRCA2 patients than for BRCA1 patients (p = 0.011). Nine patients (13.2%) developed BC at a median age of 61 years. The mean overall BC-free survival was 15.5 years (median not reached). Eight patients (11.8%) underwent bilateral mastectomy (5 simultaneous with BC treatment; 3 RRBBS) at a median age of 56.5 years. The median time from OC to bilateral mastectomy/RRBBS was 5.5 years. Conclusions: This study adds evidence regarding a lower BC risk after BRCA1/2-OC and higher survival for BRCA2-OC patients. A comprehensive analysis of the competing risks of OC mortality and recurrence against the risk of BC should be individually addressed. Surgical BC risk management may be considered for longer BRCA1/2-OC disease-free survivors. Ultimately, these decisions should always be tailored to patients’ characteristics and preferences.
Determination of the Level of Cardiovascular Risk in 172,282 Spanish Working Women
Authors: López-González Ángel Arturo , Albaladejo Blanco María , Vidal Ribas Cristina , Tomás-Gil Pilar , Riutord Sbert Pere , Ramírez-Manent José Ignacio
Published: August 2023

Introduction, objectives: Although cardiovascular events have been traditionally associated mainly with men, some data reflect an increase in women, which may even exceed their male counterparts, constituting the leading cause of death in working women in Spain. The objective of this present study was to analyze the level of cardiovascular risk in Spanish working women by assessing the influence of age, type of work, and tobacco consumption. Material, methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 172,282 working women from different Spanish geographical areas and from different companies between January 2018 and June 2020. A range of variables and risk factors were assessed and various cardiovascular risk scales were used to analyze the data. Results: An increase in cardiovascular risk was observed in the least qualified work groups, mainly corresponding to blue-collar workers, when using the SCORE or REGICOR risk equation. The prevalence of altered values for all the parameters analyzed (overweight and obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, fatty liver, hepatic fibrosis, atherogenic indexes, and cardiovascular risk scales) was higher among blue-collar women. Age was the only factor that influenced all the cardiovascular risk scales studied, increasing risk when comparing the group of women aged 50 years and older with the others. Conclusions: Aging and belonging to the blue-collar job category meant worse results in the cardiovascular risk scales and in all the parameters analyzed. This is in line with numerous studies that argue that age and zip code are more influential than genetic code.
Diagnostic Approach and Differences between Spinal Infections and Tumors
Authors: Compagnone Domenico , Cecchinato Riccardo , Pezzi Andrea , Langella Francesco , Damilano Marco , Redaelli Andrea , Vanni Daniele , Lamartina Claudio , Berjano Pedro , Boriani Stefano
Published: August 2023

Study design: A systematic review of the literature about differential diagnosis between spine infection and bone tumors of the spine. Background and Purpose: The differential diagnosis between spine infection and bone tumors of the spine can be misled by the prevalence of one of the conditions over the other in different areas of the world. A review of the existing literature on suggestive or even pathognomonic imaging aspects of both can be very useful for correctly orientating the diagnosis and deciding the most appropriate area for biopsy. The purpose of our study is to identify which imaging technique is the most reliable to suggest the diagnosis between spine infection and spine bone tumor. Methods: A primary search on Medline through PubMed distribution was made. We identified five main groups: tuberculous, atypical spinal tuberculosis, pyogenic spondylitis, and neoplastic (primitive and metastatic). For each group, we evaluated the commonest localization, characteristics at CT, CT perfusion, MRI, MRI with Gadolinium, MRI diffusion (DWI) and, in the end, the main features for each group. Results: A total of 602 studies were identified through the database search and a screening by titles and abstracts was performed. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 34 articles were excluded and a total of 22 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. For each article, the role of CT-scan, CT-perfusion, MRI, MRI with Gadolinium and MRI diffusion (DWI) in distinguishing the most reliable features to suggest the diagnosis of spine infection versus bone tumor/metastasis was collected. Conclusion: Definitive differential diagnosis between infection and tumor requires biopsy and culture. The sensitivity and specificity of percutaneous biopsy are 72% and 94%, respectively. Imaging studies can be added to address the diagnosis, but a multidisciplinary discussion with radiologists and nuclear medicine specialists is mandatory.
Chaos Detection by Fast Dynamic Indicators in Reflecting Billiards
Authors: Gradoni Gabriele , Turchetti Giorgio , Panichi Federico
Published: August 2023

The propagation of electromagnetic waves in a closed domain with a reflecting boundary amounts, in the eikonal approximation, to the propagation of rays in a billiard. If the inner medium is uniform, then the symplectic reflection map provides the polygonal rays’ paths. The linear response theory is used to analyze the stability of any trajectory. The Lyapunov and reversibility error invariant indicators provide an estimate of the sensitivity to a small initial random deviation and to a small random deviation at any reflection, respectively. A family of chaotic billiards is considered to test the chaos detection effectiveness of the above indicators.
Deepening Undergraduate Students’ Thinking about Central Dogma through Problem-Based Learning
Authors: Sharp Katherine Alberta , Krall Rebecca McNall , Chalfant Jeffrey
Published: August 2023

A common belief among pre-medical and medical students is that biochemistry is not relevant to practicing medicine. The problem-based approach of case studies has been used in medical education to scaffold the application of content to clinical cases, but few studies report on a similar use in undergraduate biochemistry. Case studies in biochemistry and related disciplines have been previously reported as increasing learning motivation and supporting depth of knowledge. Additionally, students engaging in case studies outperform students in traditional instruction. The objective of this qualitative case study was to find how the timing of a medical case study within the instructional sequence in an undergraduate biochemistry course supported students in applying the central dogma of molecular biology to explain the transfer of Huntington’s disease from parent to child. The CBL+ group reviewed the case study before class while the CBL− group was presented with the case study during class. Analysis of open response tasks added to the pre- and post-surveys suggested that the case study supported both groups in applying the central dogma to the case, but the earlier presentation of the case to the CBL+ group promoted deeper thinking about the mechanistic causation of the transfer of the disease.
Challenges and Opportunities of Generative AI for Higher Education as Explained by ChatGPT
Authors: Michel-Villarreal Rosario , Vilalta-Perdomo Eliseo , Salinas-Navarro David Ernesto , Thierry-Aguilera Ricardo , Gerardou Flor Silvestre
Published: August 2023

ChatGPT is revolutionizing the field of higher education by leveraging deep learning models to generate human-like content. However, its integration into academic settings raises concerns regarding academic integrity, plagiarism detection, and the potential impact on critical thinking skills. This article presents a study that adopts a thing ethnography approach to understand ChatGPT’s perspective on the challenges and opportunities it represents for higher education. The research explores the potential benefits and limitations of ChatGPT, as well as mitigation strategies for addressing the identified challenges. Findings emphasize the urgent need for clear policies, guidelines, and frameworks to responsibly integrate ChatGPT in higher education. It also highlights the need for empirical research to understand user experiences and perceptions. The findings provide insights that can guide future research efforts in understanding the implications of ChatGPT and similar Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in higher education. The study concludes by highlighting the importance of thing ethnography as an innovative approach for engaging with intelligent AI systems and calls for further research to explore best practices and strategies in utilizing Generative AI for educational purposes.
Excursions as an Immersion Pedagogy to Enhance Self-Directed Learning in Pre-Service Teacher Education
Authors: De Beer Josef
Published: August 2023

Pre-service teacher education should be underpinned by pedagogies that would enhance self-directed learning. Future teachers need to create contexts in the classrooms that would enable learners to, as self-directed learners, identify individual learning goals for themselves, search for appropriate resources, and monitor and assess their own learning. Self-directed learning is essential to adequately prepare learners for a complex and changing world. This paper focuses on the affordances of a first-year student teacher excursion to scaffold learning and the development of a professional identity, and to address the ‘apprenticeship of observation’ that could prevent optimal learning. Pre-service teachers often enter the Bachelor of Education degree with a naïve understanding of the teaching profession. Furthermore, they come from school contexts that often do not enhance self-directed learning. The faculties of education from three different universities have engaged in excursions for first-year student teachers, where the student teachers, as Homo ludens (the playing human), engage in problem-based and cooperative learning activities, exploring the complexities of the teaching profession. Social constructivism underpins the excursion. Findings over 17 years (2007–2023) across three universities—the University of Johannesburg, North-West University and the University of the Western Cape—show that such immersion pedagogy is a high-impact educational practice, in which student teachers learn from practice. The findings show that the excursion provides pre-service teachers with a more nuanced understanding of the teaching profession, enhanced sensitivity to diversity, social justice and inclusivity, an understanding of the value of reflection, and a sense of belonging as a student in the higher education sector. The findings also highlight the affordances of excursions to enhance self-directed learning, an important attribute to ensure continued professional development. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, higher education institutions had to rethink teaching and learning, and this article also explores the transformation of face-to-face excursions to virtual online excursions.
Social Media Zero-Day Attack Detection Using TensorFlow
Authors: Topcu Ahmet Ercan , Alzoubi Yehia Ibrahim , Elbasi Ersin , Camalan Emre
Published: August 2023

In the current information era, knowledge can pose risks in the online realm. It is imperative to proactively recognize potential threats, as unforeseen dangers cannot be eliminated entirely. Often, malware exploits and other emerging hazards are only identified after they have occurred. These types of risks are referred to as zero-day attacks since no pre-existing anti-malware measures are available to mitigate them. Consequently, significant damages occur when vulnerabilities in systems are exploited. The effectiveness of security systems, such as IPS and IDS, relies heavily on the prompt and efficient response to emerging threats. Failure to address these issues promptly hinders the effectiveness of security system developers. The purpose of this study is to analyze data from the Twitter platform and deploy machine learning techniques, such as word categorization, to identify vulnerabilities and counteract zero-day attacks swiftly. TensorFlow was utilized to handle the processing and conversion of raw Twitter data, resulting in significant efficiency improvements. Moreover, we integrated the Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) tool to extract targeted words in various languages. Our results indicate that we have achieved an 80% success rate in detecting zero-day attacks by using our tool. By utilizing publicly available information shared by individuals, relevant security providers can be promptly informed. This approach enables companies to patch vulnerabilities more quickly.
A Deep Learning Framework for Adaptive Beamforming in Massive MIMO Millimeter Wave 5G Multicellular Networks
Authors: Lavdas Spyros , Gkonis Panagiotis K. , Tsaknaki Efthalia , Sarakis Lambros , Trakadas Panagiotis , Papadopoulos Konstantinos
Published: August 2023

The goal of this paper is the performance evaluation of a deep learning approach when deployed in fifth-generation (5G) millimeter wave (mmWave) multicellular networks. To this end, the optimum beamforming configuration is defined by two neural networks (NNs) that are properly trained, according to mean square error (MSE) minimization. The first network has as input the requested spectral efficiency (SE) per active sector, while the second network has the corresponding energy efficiency (EE). Hence, channel and power variations can now be taken into consideration during adaptive beamforming. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated with the help of a developed system-level simulator via extensive Monte Carlo simulations. According to the presented results, machine learning (ML)-adaptive beamforming can significantly improve EE compared to the standard non-ML framework. Although this improvement comes at the cost of increased blocking probability (BP) and radiating elements (REs) for high data rate services, the corresponding increase ratios are significantly reduced compared to the EE improvement ratio. In particular, considering 21.6 Mbps per active user and ML adaptive beamforming, the EE can reach up to 5.3 Mbps/W, which is significantly improved compared to the non-ML case (0.9 Mbps/W). In this context, BP does not exceed 2.6%, which is slightly worse compared to 1.7% in the standard non-ML case. Moreover, approximately 20% additional REs are required with respect to the non-ML framework.
A Design for a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Monitoring System Based on NB-IoT-ZigBee
Authors: Wang Lijun , Wang Chengguang , Lu Xu , Ping Dongzhi , Jiang Shitong , Wang Xinxin , Zhang Jianyong
Published: August 2023

With environmental issues arising from the excessive use of fossil fuels, clean energy has gained widespread attention, particularly the application of lithium-ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries are integrated into various industrial products, which necessitates higher safety requirements. Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is an LPWA (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology that provides IoT devices with low-power, low-cost, long-endurance, and wide-coverage wireless connectivity. This study addresses the shortcomings of existing lithium-ion battery pack detection systems and proposes a lithium-ion battery monitoring system based on NB-IoT-ZigBee technology. The system operates in a master-slave mode, with the subordinate module collecting and fusing multi-source sensor data, while the master control module uploads the data to local monitoring centers and cloud platforms via TCP and NB-IoT. Experimental validation demonstrates that the design functions effectively, accomplishing the monitoring and protection of lithium-ion battery packs in energy storage power stations.
Ecological Hydrogen Production and Water Sterilization: An Innovative Approach to the Trigeneration of Renewable Energy Sources for Water Desalination: A Review
Authors: Solomin Evgeny , Salah Zaid , Osintsev Konstantin , Aliukov Sergei , Kuskarbekova Sulpan , Konchakov Vladimir , Olinichenko Alyona , Karelin Alexander , Tarasova Tatyana
Published: August 2023

In this study, hydrogen production by solar thermal energy has been studied in terms of economics, technology and hydrogen sources. Methane was captured and subjected to solar photovoltaic steam, solar methane cracking, high-temperature water electrolysis and thermochemical cycles. The price of hydrogen production was calculated compared to other methods, and means of using and exploiting hydrogen as an energy carrier were examined in addition to verifying the industrial need for hydrogen, especially in the presence of high solar energy, which improves hydrogen production. The study was carried out in order to generate hydrogen using a solar electrolyzer based on polymeric exchange membrane technology. The study was carried out using two methods. The first was involved the direct connection of the photovoltaic system to the hydrogen analyzer, and the second was a system for a solar electrolysis hydrogen analyzer consisting of a PV array and a maximum power tracker MPPT meant to operate the system at the maximum power of the photovoltaic system at all times uses a DC converter to supply the analyzer. With the necessary current and hydrogen tank, the results showed that the first method was less effective compared to the second method due to the instability of the intensity of solar radiation during the day, and the results show that adding potassium hydroxide, for example, enhances ionization and improves hydrogen supply.
Effect of H2O Content on the Corrosion Behavior of X52 Steel in Supercritical CO2 Streams Containing O2, H2S, SO2 and NO2 Impurities
Authors: Liu Jia , Yao Dengzun , Chen Kai , Wang Chao , Sun Chong , Pan Huailiang , Meng Fanpeng , Chen Bin , Wang Lili
Published: August 2023

In this study, the corrosion behavior of X52 pipeline steel affected by H2O content in supercritical CO2 streams containing O2, H2S, SO2 and NO2 impurities was investigated by the weight loss test and surface characterization. The corrosion differences of the steel in impure supercritical CO2 streams containing different H2O contents were analyzed. The influence of the variation of H2O content on the corrosion mechanism of steel in the complex impurity-containing supercritical CO2 streams was discussed. The results show that the H2O content limit is 100 ppmv in supercritical CO2 streams containing 200 ppmv O2, 200 ppmv H2S, 200 ppmv SO2 and 200 ppmv NO2 at 10 MPa and 50 °C. The impurities and their interactions significantly promote the formation of corrosive aqueous phase, thereby exacerbating the corrosion of X52 steel. The corrosion process of X52 steel in the environment with a low H2O content is controlled by the products of impurity reactions, whereas the impurities and the products of impurity reactions jointly control the corrosion process of the steel in the environment with a high H2O content.
A Literature Review on the Optimal Placement of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) in Distribution Networks
Authors: Mumtahina Umme , Alahakoon Sanath , Wolfs Peter
Published: August 2023

The existing distribution networks were designed at a time when there was virtually no embedded generation. The design methods ensured the voltage at various parts of the network remained within the limits required by standards, and for the most part, this was very successfully achieved. As Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) started to grow, the rise in voltage due to injected currents and the local impedances started to push network voltages toward, and even above, the desired upper limits. Voltage limits are based on typical appliance requirements, and long-term over-voltages will ultimately result in unacceptably short appliance life spans. Distribution Static Compensators (dSTATCOMs) are shunt-connected devices that can improve low-voltage networks’ performance by injecting currents that do not transfer real power. The currents can be reactive, negative or zero sequence, or harmonic. System performance can be improved by reducing conduction loss, improving voltage profile and voltage balance, or reducing Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). To obtain these benefits, optimal sizes of dSTATCOMs need to be placed at optimal locations within the distribution network. This paper has considered seventy research articles published over the past years related to the optimal placement and sizing of dSTATCOMs. In this study, minimization of power losses, voltage profile improvement, loadablity factor, voltage sag mitigation, and reduction in annual operating costs are considered fitness functions that are subjected to multiple constraint sets. The optimization algorithms found in the literature are categorized into six methods: analytical methods, artificial neural network-based methods, sensitivity approaches, metaheuristic methods, a combination of metaheuristic and sensitivity analysis, and miscellaneous. This study also presents a comparison among distribution network types, load flow methods optimization tools, etc. Therefore, a comprehensive review of optimal allocation and sizing of dSTATCOMs in distribution networks is presented in this paper, and guidance for future research is also provided.
Deformation-Failure Characteristics of Coal with Liquid CO2 Cryogenic-Freezing Process: An Experimental and Digital Study
Authors: Wei Gaoming , Ma Li , Wen Hu , Yi Xin , Deng Jun , Liu Shangming , Li Zhenbao , Zhang Duo
Published: August 2023

The aim of this paper is to analyze the deformation-failure degree and microstructure variations in coal under the cryogenic-freezing effect of liquid CO2. In this paper, X-ray CT scanning technology is adopted to measure the microscopic-morphological parameters of coal. Drawing support from the image processing and three-dimensional (3D) visualization functions of Avizo software, 3D spatial structure variation rules, as well as the deformation and permeability parameters, are quantitatively calculated. Under the effect of LCO2 cryogenic freezing, the macroscopic mechanical properties and deformation-failure degree of coal are thoroughly analyzed. The results show that fracture-scale parameters of treated coal are significantly increased, resulting in spatial structure parameters including the coal plug total volume (Vt), fracture network volume (V0), and proportion of fracture network (μ0) to increase by 17.11%, 56.57%, and 55.59%, respectively. A comparison analysis indicates that the coverage area of a single value function from the percolation theoretical model for treated coal plugs becomes larger, and its percolation curves are more intensive; the quantitative coal permeability coefficients are increased to more than 40% on average, which further proves that the permeability of coal by using LCO2 cryogenic freezing is significantly improved. Under the same uniaxial stress loading rate, the peak stress threshold value required by treated coal in the compaction and elastoplastic deformation stage is decreased. The corresponding output acoustic emission energy is apparently increased, owing to the increased brittleness of coal, and deformation failure of coal occurs more easily. Simultaneously, the fracture network and matrix surface of treated coal are more complex, and the corresponding fractal characteristic is obvious. It could be thus concluded that the coal plugs have deformation-failure changes under cryogenic freezing by using LCO2, increasing the proportion of coal microstructure and enhancing coal permeability. Therefore, the capability of gas migration through the coal microstructure becomes easier, which is favorable for coalbed methane recovery.
Hydrogen-Free Deoxygenation of Oleic Acid and Industrial Vegetable Oil Waste on CuNiAl Catalysts for Biofuel Production
Authors: Sabino Jose , Liborio Denisson O. , Arias Santiago , Gonzalez Juan F. , Barbosa Celmy M. B. M. , Carvalho Florival R. , Frety Roger , Barros Ivoneide C. L. , Pacheco Jose Geraldo A.
Published: August 2023

The pyrolysis of vegetable oil waste is an alternative way to convert biomass into high-quality second-generation biofuels, with social, economic and environmental sustainability. The present work deals with the pyrolysis of oleic acid as a model compound and an industrial vegetable oil residue on CuNiAl mixed oxide catalysts, derived from layered double hydroxides. Reactions of the oils pre-adsorbed on the catalysts (catalyst:oil mass ratio of 5:1) were performed at 550 °C on a micro-pyrolysis system and the analyses of volatile products were carried out online using GC/MS. Copper addition to NiAl catalysts increased the cracking of oleic acid. Increasing copper content also decreased the formation of aromatics and coke precursors, as well as oxygenated compounds. The CuNiAl catalyst with a Cu/Ni ratio of 0.4 showed strong catalytic activity in the conversion of an industrial vegetable oil residue with a high volume of free fatty acids produced. Compared to the non-catalytic reaction, the catalyst reduced the content of oxygenates and increased the content of hydrocarbons, particularly in the gasoline range (C5–C9). The CuNiAl oxide catalyst was able to convert vegetable oil residues into hydrocarbons in the range of gasoline, kerosene and diesel, and also linear alkylbenzenes as chemical precursors for surfactant production.
Study on Malfunction of OCR Due to Penetration of DER into Power Distribution System with SFCL
Authors: Park Min-Ki , Lim Sung-Hun
Published: August 2023

Due to the demand for eco-friendly energy, distributed energy resources (DERs) using renewable energy have increased. The increase in DER has caused the power system to become more complex and caused problems in the protection system. Typical problems include an increase in fault current and a problem that causes malfunction of the overcurrent relay (OCR). If the fault current increases and exceeds the capacity of the existing protection devices, it may lead to a large blackout. The most effective way to limit the fault current is to install a superconducting current limiter (SFCL). The installation of SFCL and system penetration of DER both affect OCR operating characteristics. In this paper, a simulated power distribution system is constructed and OCR malfunctions caused by DER penetration and SFCL installation are analyzed.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog (RBOH) Gene Family in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) under Abiotic and Biotic Stress
Authors: Du Lihui , Jiang Zheng , Zhou Yadong , Shen Lei , He Jie , Xia Xin , Zhang Longhao , Yang Xu
Published: August 2023

Respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) are important proteins that catalyze the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play important roles in growth and stress response. For a comprehensive analysis of SmRBOH genes, we conducted genome-wide identification of the SmRBOH gene family in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and analyzed the expression of SmRBOHs under abiotic (salt, high-temperature, and low-temperature) and biotic stress (Verticillium dahliae inoculation) by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The result showed that a total of eight SmRBOH members were identified from the genome database of eggplant, and they were relatively evenly distributed across seven chromosomes. The analysis of Motif and the conserved domain showed that SmRBOHs have high similarity in protein sequences and functions. Based on phylogenetics, SmRBOHs were classified into three distinct clades. Furthermore, the promoter regions of SmRBOHs were found to contain different cis-elements. Additionally, the results of the qRT-PCR demonstrated differential expression patterns of SmRBOHs in different tissues (the roots, stems, and leaves) and stress conditions. SmRBOHB, SmRBOHD, SmRBOHH1, and SmRBOHH2 showed significant upregulation (>20-fold) under at least one stress condition. Subcellular localization analysis of the above four members further confirmed that they localized on the plasma membrane. This study provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the functions of SmRBOHs in eggplant.
Interaction Analysis Reveals Complex Genetic Associations with Alzheimer’s Disease in the CLU and ABCA7 Gene Regions
Authors: Nazarian Alireza , Cook Brandon , Morado Marissa , Kulminski Alexander M.
Published: August 2023

Sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a polygenic neurodegenerative disorder. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in multiple genes (e.g., CLU and ABCA7) have been associated with AD. However, none of them were characterized as causal variants that indicate the complex genetic architecture of AD, which is likely affected by individual variants and their interactions. We performed a meta-analysis of four independent cohorts to examine associations of 32 CLU and 50 ABCA7 polymorphisms as well as their 496 and 1225 pair-wise interactions with AD. The single SNP analyses revealed that six CLU and five ABCA7 SNPs were associated with AD. Ten of them were previously not reported. The interaction analyses identified AD-associated compound genotypes for 25 CLU and 24 ABCA7 SNP pairs, whose comprising SNPs were not associated with AD individually. Three and one additional CLU and ABCA7 pairs composed of the AD-associated SNPs showed partial interactions as the minor allele effect of one SNP in each pair was intensified in the absence of the minor allele of the other SNP. The interactions identified here may modulate associations of the CLU and ABCA7 variants with AD. Our analyses highlight the importance of the roles of combinations of genetic variants in AD risk assessment.
The Extent of Evidence Supporting the Effectiveness of Extended Reality Telerehabilitation on Different Qualitative and Quantitative Outcomes in Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lazem Hatem , Hall Abi , Gomaa Yasmine , Mansoubi Maedeh , Lamb Sallie , Dawes Helen
Published: August 2023

Objective: To present the extent of evidence concerning the effectiveness of extended reality telerehabilitation and patients’ experiences of using different types of virtual reality exercises at home. Methods: We included studies on virtual reality and augmented reality telerehabilitation published in English. Systematic searches were undertaken in PubMed, Web of Sciences, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and PEDro, with no date limitations. We included only RCTs and qualitative studies exploring patients’ experiences. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool for quantitative papers and the CASP scale for qualitative studies. All results are presented narratively. Results: Thirteen studies, nine quantitative and four qualitative, were included, with one qualitative and seven quantitative having a high risk of bias. All studies reported that extended reality-based telerehabilitation may be effective compared to conventional exercises or other extended reality exercises. Seven quantitative studies focused on upper limb function. Qualitative papers suggested that VR exercises were perceived as feasible by patients. Conclusions: The literature suggests VR home exercises are feasible and potentially effective for patients after a stroke in the upper limb. Further high-quality studies are needed to examine the effectiveness of XR exercises early adoption on different qualitative and quantitative outcomes. Registration number: (CRD42022384356).
Cytogenetically Cryptic Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Mohebnasab Maedeh , Li Peng , Hong Bo , Dunlap Jennifer , Traer Elie , Fan Guang , Press Richard D. , Moore Stephen R. , Xie Wei
Published: August 2023

Cytogenetically cryptic acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is rare, characterized by typical clinical and morphological features, but lacks t(15;17)(q24;q21)/PML::RARA translocation seen in conventional karyotyping or FISH. The prompt diagnosis and treatment of APL are critical due to life-threatening complications associated with this disease. However, cryptic APL cases remain a diagnostic challenge that could mislead the appropriate treatment. We describe four cryptic APL cases and review reported cases in the literature. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the most efficient diagnostic modality to detect these cases, and alternative methods are also discussed. This study highlights the importance of using parallel testing methods to diagnose cryptic APL cases accurately and effectively.