bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De casa para a escola: itinerários existenciais e as experiências escolares de jovens gays estudantes do ensino médio
Authors: Olegário Maria da Luz , Marques Júnior Kléber Neves
Published: September 2023

Esse artigo é derivado da dissertação de mestrado intitulada “Masculinidades bicha: trajetórias escolares das bichas no Ensino Médio”, que aborda como são forjadas as experiências de masculinidades de jovens gays neste período da educação básica. Consoante, o objetivo deste estudo foi problematizar como a dominação-estabilização discursiva da masculinidade hegemônica e da matriz heterossexual atravessam as experiências existenciais e escolares de jovens gays afeminados durante o Ensino Médio. Os participantes foram três estudantes gays afeminados de uma escola da rede pública do município de João Pessoa, Paraíba. Para chegar a esse objetivo, optamos por uma pesquisa do tipo qualitativa por meio do estudo de caso, tendo como instrumento de produção do material empírico, a entrevista semiestruturada, e os dados sistematizados e analisados por meio da Análise de Discurso (AD) de linha francesa e de seus pressupostos teóricos. Identificamos a presença de várias paráfrases no discurso das matrizes heterossexual e masculina, mediadas pela memória afetiva, em que os estudantes, jovens, gays e afeminados precisam incorporar as suas existências e práticas escolares.
A ecologia política dos torronzeiros no Parque Estadual do Cantão, Tocantins
Authors: Andrade Wildes Souza , Previero Conceição Aparecida
Published: September 2023

Este trabalho busca compreender a ecologia política dos torronzeiros no Parque Estadual do Cantão - PEC. Ao evidenciar as formas das relações de um povo tradicional com os recursos naturais de onde vive e com os projetos de desenvolvimento do Estado e de iniciativas privadas, procuramos dar destaque ao movimento em torno da identidade dos torronzeiros. Trata-se de uma discussão que contempla as políticas relativas à unidade de conservação ambiental e da expansão do capitalismo global em razão do agronegócio, transformando a região. De modo específico, exploramos a categoria torronzeiro em documentos institucionais de agências ambientais e de desenvolvimento do Estado e em uma ampla revisão bibliográfica sobre povos tradicionais dos biomas brasileiros que se aproximasse ao torronzeiros (por exemplo, os vazanteiros). Ao final, por meio da perspectiva teórica e metodológica da ecologia política, apresentamos uma análise sobre a formação da identidade e da organização política dos torronzeiros.
Licença-parentalidade e gênero: questionamento necessário
Authors: Guitarrara Leandro Bozzola
Published: September 2023

Gênero, enquanto construção cultural, é critério para igualações ou distinções casuísticas. Dentre estas estão licença-maternidade e paternidade, salário maternidade e estabilidade. Objetiva-se compreender como a legislação nacional regulamenta o início da parentalidade no âmbito das relações trabalhista e previdenciária, bem como seu impacto na perpetuação da cultura dos papéis de gênero e sua necessária crítica. Para tanto, inicia-se pelo método descritivo, visando à análise do ordenamento jurídico pertinente; na sequência, o método crítico dialético, para a análise; por fim, método hipotético dedutivo para a propositura de solução ao problema. Até o presente, constata-se que o Direito mantém perfil conservador dos papeis de gênero em relação às consequências do início da parentalidade nas relações trabalhista e previdenciária, resistindo a mudanças. Ao final, pretende-se propor mudança nessa política pública voltada ao início da parentalidade na relação trabalhista e previdenciária.
Legal Aid with regard to Right to Fair Trial in Pakistani and International Law: A Comparative Approach
Authors:   Legal Practitioner, Karachi high court, Pakistan, Nazim Misbah
Published: September 2023

The key objective of this article is to analyze the concept of legal aid, its significance, challenges, and potential solutions. This article by using the doctrinal research methodology, presents a comparative analysis of legal aid “in the context of international law” and Pakistani law, highlighting “the” similarities and dissimilarities between the two systems. Access to justice and legal representation are fundamental principles in international and national legal frameworks, ensuring that individuals have adequate assistance in navigating the legal system's complexities. This article examines the relevant provisions in international instruments, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which underscore the importance of legal aid. Additionally, this article explores the role of international organizations, such as the European Court of Human Rights, in providing legal aid to individuals involved in international criminal proceedings. On the other hand, Pakistani law recognizes the importance of legal aid as well, albeit with its own unique features and challenges. This article examines the constitutional provisions and statutory laws in Pakistan that guarantee the right to legal representation for individuals, particularly those who are economically disadvantaged. By understanding the similarities and dissimilarities between these systems, policymakers, legal practitioners, and scholars can identify potential areas for improvement and enhance access to justice for individuals, irrespective of their economic or social status. This article concludes that international law recognizes legal aid as a universal right and various international treaties make it mandatory for states (i.e., Pakistan) to ensure access to legal aid for those who cannot afford it.
Identyfikacja przestrzeni towarzyszących biurowcom jako przestrzenie użyteczności publicznej na przykładach poznańskiej architektury biurowej
Authors: Piklikiewicz-Czarnecka Izabela
Published: September 2023

Przedmiotem artykułu są publiczne obszary towarzyszące obiektom architektury biurowej. Są to strefy wewnętrzne biurowca oraz te lokalizowane w jego częściach zewnętrznych, które są dostępne do użytku publicznego. Nie stanowią one bezpośrednio przestrzeni pracy, ale ich architektura i zagospodarowanie są ściśle związane z biurowcem. Celem badań jest określenie formy oraz funkcji, jaką pełniąw kontekście przestrzeni dostępu publicznego. Badaniem objęto pięć poznańskich biurowców. Analiza opiera się na metodyce walkthrough, badaniach literatury, metodzie porównawczej, badaniach pomiarowych oraz rozmowie z ekspertem architektury poznańskiej. Wyniki pozwoliły na określenie funkcji, jaką pełnią biurowce w częściach dostępnych do ogólnego użytku publicznego wraz z ich charakterystyką. Proces badawczy umożliwił opracowanie definicji obszarów towarzyszących biurowcom.
The impact of size in fenestration designon the airflow and temperature in natural cross ventilation, case study:A two-bedroom Polish multifamily home
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad Mahdi , Janowski Maciej
Published: September 2023

In countries with cold winters such as Poland, there is growing evidence for proliferating overheating in summer times due to climate change. Hence, buildings become more uncomfortable for their occupants during hot summers. To tackle this challenge, we use the passive strategies potential to adapt buildings in line with their experimental and engineering analysis of the indoor environment. This paper demonstrates the results of both thermal and airflow simulation of existing naturally ventilated in double-bedroom homes in Poland. Thermal and airflow simulation is used to improve the natural ventilation system and to address summer thermal comfort problems due to excessive hot airflow caused by climate change. In the first step of the research, over 300 multi-family home plans all over Poland were categorized by size, ventilation type, facade organization, and fenestration type. In the second part, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is used on 3D models to predict indoor airflow velocities for different levels of the building envelope airflow permeability. Then, a coupled thermal and airflow simulation with 2 different window size, fully open, and with 3 integrated shadings options (base model or no shadings, 30 cm overhang with side-fin, and 10 cm depth horizontal louvers) are done to investigate whether the more opened envelope reduces a summer overheating problem. The results for the optimized natural ventilation through fenestrations successfully address houses' summer discomfort problem by reducing the indoor temperature between 2–3C and in some cases up to 4C cooler than similar model with small windows.
Promoviendo el Aprendizaje Activo en el Aula universitaria: Estrategias, Beneficios y Desafíos
Authors: Mendoza-Zambrano María Guadalupe , Meza-Montes Jéssica Katherine , Vélez-Falcones Ana Cecilia
Published: September 2023

La participación activa de los estudiantes es esencial para el éxito de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. Sin embargo, lograr esta participación representa un desafío particular para los docentes, ya que las nuevas generaciones de estudiantes demandan enfoques de aprendizaje que fomenten actitudes más positivas hacia su formación.

Este artículo explora diversas estrategias, como una perspectiva diferente sobre la evaluación, actividades basadas en el aprendizaje activo, el ciclo de aprendizaje a través de experiencias y la gamificación, que pueden ser alternativas valiosas para incorporar en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. La tradicional transmisión unilateral de conocimientos por parte del profesor en la educación superior debe ser reemplazada por un entorno que promueva la autoformación de los alumnos.

Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio demuestran que fomentar la participación de los estudiantes en el aula es un desafío constante, independientemente de la experiencia del docente en la profesión. En última instancia, este artículo enfatiza la importancia de un diseño de curso deliberado como clave para lograr la participación activa de los alumnos.
Politics of Protection and the Southeast Asian “Coolie Trade”
Authors: Nugteren Bastiaan
Published: September 2023

Through a combination of migration history and imperial history, this chapter addresses the interimperial rivalry between the British, Dutch, and German empires in the recruitment and regulation of Chinese labor migration in colonial Southeast Asia in the period of 1870-1914. It argues that British attempts to “protect” Chinese labor migrants through migration regulations served both political and economic imperial purposes. The influence of these regulations stretched beyond the borders of the British colonies and influenced colonial affairs in neighboring colonies. Resultingly, these regulations established the regional dominance of Singapore in the Southeast Asian “coolie trade.” However, this dominance was continuously challenged by other empires, most notably the Germans and the Dutch, who respectively resisted the British by expanding their shares in the profitable markets of transporting and recruiting Chinese labor migrants. By exposing these regional power dynamics in a highly competitive and transimperial labor market, this chapter aims to lay bare the various intermediary and transimperial agents involved in the organization, recruitment, and regulation of Chinese labor migration to Southeast Asia.
Militarized Mobility
Authors: Jackson Justin F.
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores the US military’s imperial role in the geographic expansion of legal barriers against Chinese labor migration in the aftermath of the United States’ war with Spain in 1898. Over the next four years, in both Cuba, under military occupation, and the Philippines, where American troops combatted nationalist insurgency, US Army generals imposed new restrictions against Chinese migrant labor unprecedented in these islands’ histories, partly in response to elite and popular nativist nationalisms in both Cuba and the Philippines. The US Army’s widespread employment of Chinese migrant contract labor during its war in the Philippines temporarily challenged Sinophobic discourses dominant in North America. Yet these two military regimes’ exclusion policies survived war and occupation, and persisted in both island societies for decades afterward.
Ethnicity, Migrant Labor, and Anticolonialism
Authors: Correia Castro Bastos Felipe Barradas
Published: September 2023

This chapter assesses a portion of the heterogeneous Mozambican Makonde community engaged in the British colonial economy as rural workers, especially those who worked in the sisal industry in Tanganyika, contemporary Tanzanian mainland. The objectives of the chapter are to flesh out historical contexts pertaining to colonialism, commodity production, and migrant labor in twentieth-century East Africa, specifically the political mobilization of Makonde migrant workers, to posit that labor migration across different colonial territories had a significant imprint on the creation of anticolonial organizations across East Africa. The analysis focuses on the Wamakonde Association of Tanganyika—an association of Makonde migrant sisal workers whose leaders convened a momentous demonstration that was massacred by the Portuguese in the Makonde heartland in June 1960—to highlight how the associative experiences of Mozambican Makonde men and women who undertook labor migration to Tanganyika were an instrumental ingredient in the making of anticolonial activism in East Africa in the mid-twentieth century.
Securitizing Migration Finance and Household Reproduction
Authors: Ciancanelli Penelope
Published: September 2023

Using a theoretical approach that treats migrants’ labor and their remittances as different sources of value to their households of origin, this chapter proposes the migration decision as a set of calculations that balance the temporary loss of a member’s labor against the household’s ongoing economic viability. This enables the use of data on remittances, which provides a rare empirical pathway that integrates global finance into the study of global labor migration. The chapter offers a panoptic view of the scale of money remitted since the neoliberal turn in 1990 and of the structure of money transfer options facing global labor migrants, including their hidden costs and logistical barriers. The latter are largely ignored in the policy priorities of the World Bank, whose sustained attention has been on the scale of the remittances, their reliability, and support for the securitization of remittances. The latter is critically evaluated, highlighting the risks it may pose to migrants and their households of origin.
Buy with 1-Click
Authors: Chan Jenny
Published: September 2023

“Buy now with one click” has simplified the different stages of online shopping. E-commerce behemoths like Amazon and Alibaba have created a high-speed, high-tech logistics ecosystem through partnering with contracted or third-party delivery firms. This ethnographic research analyzes the social organization of delivery work by focusing on labor subcontracting practices. Through firsthand interviews in Beijing, the author documents the working conditions of male migrant workers and explores their individual and collective coping strategies to fast-delivery demands. As “independent contractors,” they have to provide their own means of production at work (such as the delivery vehicle and parcel packaging materials) and face the uncertainties and risks shifted by the delivery firms. They are doubly trapped in nonstandard employment relations and an unequal citizenship regime segmented by rural/urban household registration status in China. Importantly, familial and social resources are frequently drawn on to complete the delivery tasks, thus the emergence of a less visible and more exploitative form of unpaid homework in the downstream logistics chain. This field study will contribute to the growing debates of labor informality, migrant workers’ struggles, and the role of the state in employment protections in a highly competitive market environment.
The Wedge of the Refugee as Worker
Authors: Schacher Yael
Published: September 2023

This chapter analyzes federal court cases from the 1970s through the current day about the right of asylum seekers from Haiti and Central America to work in the United States. These cases address fundamental issues at the heart of debates over asylum in the United States: how to assess whether an asylum claim is a “frivolous” attempt to gain the ability to work after entering without authorization; if asylum seekers are not permitted to work while awaiting adjudication of their claims—a process that can take years and during which time they are ineligible for any federal benefits or aid—how can anybody but the wealthy apply for asylum? This chapter shows that lawyers for asylum seekers such as Ira Gollobin and Robert Rubin argued that work authorization was necessary to ensure a true right to seek asylum and, in doing so, challenged a dichotomy between labor migrant and refugee that has underlain policy since the mid-twentieth century. The chapter also explores how lawyers arguing these cases gained support from labor unions and local officials such that the cause of asylum seeker work authorization helped link and strengthen advocacy for labor rights and immigrant rights in the United States in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.
Governing Global Labor Migration
Authors: Fudge Judy
Published: September 2023

The United Nations’ Global Compact for Migration signifies a shift in the language around migration away from management of flows to rights-based governance and a reframing of migration in terms of development and away from national security. The chapter examines this discursive shift by exploring how the Global Compact frames the “problem” of global migration and its governance “solution,” which is to advocate managed and rights-based migration as good for development and a basis for state cooperation. Using temporary labor migration programs as the illustration, the chapter argues that the Global Compact both reflects and attempts to mediate a series of contradictions that are endemic to neoliberal capitalism and its intensive commodification of labor.
From Flats to the White House
Authors: Peterson Benjamin L.
Published: September 2023

As a union that prospered in the hostile soil of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, some activists and scholars point to the Service Employees International Union (SEIU) as the standard bearer of union resilience and adaptation. Others argue that, despite these successes, SEIU has been marred and compromised by questionable political bargains and authoritarian leadership. Studying the union’s evolution from the 1910s to 2008, it becomes apparent that both of these views hold some truth. Both the laudable and questionable elements of the union’s history have roots in a tradition of political unionism dating back to the organization’s foundation in Chicago. While this tradition is partially responsible for the union’s successes, it is also partially responsible for the tendencies cited by its critics.
Persistence, Militancy, and Power
Authors: Kuchinski Alyssa May , McCartin Joseph A.
Published: September 2023

In this chapter, the authors describe the evolution of the Justice for Janitors campaign over time by looking at two under-analyzed campaigns: a failed campaign in Atlanta, and a successful campaign in Washington, D.C. They begin by describing the union’s failed Atlanta campaign of 1988, which unsuccessfully attempted to use the leverage of the Democratic National Convention to force Atlanta’s most powerful developer, John Portman Jr., to agree to the union’s demands. They go on to show how lessons from Atlanta were later applied in Washington, where deeper organizing, militant street- and bridge-blocking actions, and research exposing the exploits of D.C. developers, turned the tide for victory. They conclude suggesting that the evolutionary nature of Justice for Janitors holds important lessons for labor’s future.
The Global Career of Justice for Janitors and the Limits of Institutional Permeability
Authors: Aguiar Luís LM
Published: September 2023

In 2004, Service Employees International Union (SEIU) began a global effort to partner with unions outside North America organizing in sectors where SEIU had a presence. This chapter tracks the migration of Justice for Janitors (J4J) across Western Europe. It shows that J4J was often tied to unions changing from service to an organizing model implemented with SEIU oversight, and that J4J-inspired campaigns developed with different slogans that spoke to the reality of local workers in place. The chapter ends by calling for further studies on union partnerships across global borders as examples of organizing pushing back global neoliberal capitalism’s impact on workers across borders.
The Legacy of Justice for Janitors and SEIU for the Labor Movement
Authors: McCartin Joseph A.
Published: September 2023

Here, Stephen Lerner, the architect of Justice for Janitors (J4J), Service Employees International Union (SEIU)’s most successful organizing campaign of the 1990s and early 2000s, recalls J4J’s evolution and assesses its legacy for SEIU and the larger labor movement. He describes the experiences he gained working with the United Farm Workers and other unions prior to his arrival at SEIU under union president John Sweeney and organizing director Andy Stern, and SEIU’s decision to revamp organizing of the union’s core janitorial workforce. He recalls janitors’ campaigns in Denver, Atlanta, Washington, D.C., Los Angeles, Houston, and Miami; security guard organizing; and efforts to internationalize SEIU’s organizing model. He concludes by reflecting on J4J’s legacy for the larger labor movement and initiatives such as Bargaining for the Common Good.
Desiring John Marrant
Authors: Bynum Tara A.
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores how John Marrant makes a joyful and Christian self. Marrant has many ideas about how the right kind of Christian behaves, and he uses a religious vocabulary to demonstrate his profound belief in God. His faith makes him happy. It inspires him to tell his life’s story in order to save someone else’s life. This chapter looks at how Marrant’s narrative proves his ability to save the lives of others. When he finds himself facing execution in a Cherokee village, his faith saves and eventually brings Christianity to the entire community. This happens when a Cherokee elder ask Marrant is asked to read from the Bible. Before he can read, the elder’s daughter tries to read from Marrant’s book but fails because she doesn’t share Marrant’s faith. Marrant is the only one present who can read from the Bible. This chapter argues that Marrant uses this scene to prove his Christian faith and his preacherly ability. There is joy in it for Marrant.
The Bosses' Union: How Employers Organized to Fight Labor before the New Deal
Authors: Hulden Vilja
Published: September 2023

This book examines a time in the early twentieth century when worker influence at the workplace through union representation looked like it might become a commonplace feature of American life—but did not. To understand why, the book focuses on employer organizations and their efforts to discredit worker power during the Progressive Era and into the 1920s. It examines the range of employer positions and employer rhetoric through analyzing such organizations as the National Association of Manufacturers and the National Civic Federation, arguing that variance masked a fairly uniform and persistent rejection of labor unions. It also analyzes employer collective action, showing how employer organizing, as well as employer influence through lobbying and publicity, benefited not only from employers’ financial resources but also from their social connectedness. The book particularly focuses on the employer campaign against the “closed shop,” the common union demand that workers at a unionized workplace be union members. Unions saw the demand, which developed out of nineteenth-century craft practices, as part of their effort at workplace governance. Employers, however, claimed that it trampled workers’ individual rights. Partly because this claim resonated with middle-class worries about unmediated working-class power, employers succeeded in using a language of individual rights to cast a pall on workers’ organizations while organizing themselves into effective bosses’ unions.
The Battle over the State
Authors: Hulden Vilja
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines how the state influenced the struggle between labor and employers in terms of both practical assistance and conferring or denying legitimacy. The first section explores the power that workers could wield at the level of the city and the ways in which employers tried to counter that power. The second section examines the judicial branch: courts frequently intervened in labor disputes with injunctions. The next section turns to the national level, focusing on what the American Federation of Labor tried to accomplish in Congress and what strategies the National Association of Manufacturers employed to torpedo those efforts. The final section uses some examples of the NAM’s electoral campaigns to explore the limits as well as the impact of employer power.
Introduction
Authors: Fernández-Jones Delia
Published: September 2023

The introduction begins with an examination of Mexican and Puerto Rican life in the mid twentieth-century through the lens of the author’s MexiRican family. It then introduces Grand Rapids to the reader through an overview of the religious, political, and business underpinnings of the city’s conservative nature. Then the introduction covers the book’s important contributions to the historiography of migration, placemaking, and activism. A chapter overview and note on terminology constitute the end of the introduction.
Trained and Tractable Labor
Authors: Fernández-Jones Delia
Published: September 2023

Chapter 1 details the parallel and intertwined migration and immigration journeys of Mexicans, Mexican Americans, and Puerto Ricans who relocated to the Grand Rapids area from the 1920s to the 1960s, with some consideration of the broader patterns of Latino migration to Michigan and the Midwest. Exploitation, imperialism, and racism emerge as forces that brought these disparate groups of immigrants and migrants onto a converging path. This time period marks the first occasion that Latinos in Grand Rapids and Michigan could consider their similar journeys as part of a larger project of labor recruitment.
Copland as Good Neighbor
Authors: Hess Carol A.
Published: September 2023

This chapter details Copland’s role in the Office of Inter-American Affairs (OIAA), a governmental agency headed by Nelson Rockefeller to advance the Good Neighbor Policy. Copland served its music committee, which took stock of German and Italian infiltration into Latin American musical circles. Despite the OIAA’s heavy-handed approach, he found the musical aesthetic it informally promoted—folkloric and identity-conscious—compatible with his evolving concept of “New World music.” This chapter details Copland’s projects on behalf of Latin America before the 1941 tour: choosing repertory representative of the United States, establishing a scholarship program for young Latin Americans at the Berkshire Music Center (Tanglewood), and other activities. I also address cultural diplomacy and race, the fraught reality of which Copland would encounter during his 1941 tour.
Diplomat “in the Field”
Authors: Hess Carol A.
Published: September 2023

In 1941 Copland visited a total of nine countries. This chapter covers his experience in Mexico, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, and Uruguay, where he performed music of the United States (including his own) and identified Latin American musicians for visits to the United States. In Colombia he made his debut on Latin American radio, an important element of Good Neighbor cultural diplomacy. In Peru he conducted his Billy the Kid with the American Ballet Caravan, a diplomatic and musical triumph for what critics called its “vigor and dynamism.” Copland also lectured on music of the United States, extolling the virtues of “New World music” independent of Europe and rooted in folk music.
Copland in Brazil
Authors: Hess Carol A.
Published: September 2023

In Brazil, vacillating between the Axis and the Allies in 1941, Copland’s assignment was to persuade the Brazilian composer Heitor Villa-Lobos to visit the United States, a time-consuming and ultimately fruitless task. He met another “standout” composer, however, M. Camargo Guarnieri, whose music Copland deemed “authentically Brazilian.” When Copland performed his Piano Sonata at a concert of U.S. music in Rio de Janeiro, critics found it overly abstruse. Copland also visited a samba school, which spurred his passion for Brazilian popular music. In São Paulo, he met critic and scholar Mário de Andrade, whose mixed-race status Copland realized would bar him from visiting the United States as a cultural diplomat.
The Sixties
Authors: Hess Carol A.
Published: September 2023

Once recovered from the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)’s machinations, Copland made his two final State Department–sponsored trips to Latin America: in 1962 (Mexico, Uruguay, and Brazil) and 1963 (Brazil, Argentina, Chile, and Colombia). Sponsored by the American Specialists Program, he was expected to “provide … living refutation to communist-inspired lies” about the United States. This chapter details Copland’s efforts to distance himself from his image as a tuneful, folkloric composer, which proved inconsequential among elites. At least two critics reporting on his lectures wrote at some length on what they perceived as his discomfort with avant-garde music. Still, as at home, the broad public applauded his “Americana” style.
Latin American Classical Music and Memory
Authors: Hess Carol A.
Published: September 2023

This chapter unpacks an oft-cited incident apart from Copland’s government-sponsored tours: his performance of Lincoln Portrait at a Cold War–era festival in Caracas, Venezuela. This performance—and the political context surrounding it—gave rise to a series of anecdotes that highlight the processes of memory, both individual and collective. Drawing on theories of Daniel Schacter and others, this chapter relates these processes to Copland’s statements on Latin American classical music from the 1960s on, some of which have affected the U.S. relationship to this repertory into the present. Drawing on interviews with some of Copland’s Latin American colleagues, the chapter concludes with a plea for greater attention to cultural diplomacy today.
Introduction
Authors: Scott Michelle R.
Published: September 2023

The introduction lays out the scope, historiography, methodologies, and key argument that Theater Owners’ Booking Association (T.O.B.A.) was instrumental in the development of twentieth-century black live entertainment.
“Whistling Coons” No More
Authors: Scott Michelle R.
Published: September 2023

Chapter one chronicles black theater managers Sherman H. Dudley, Charles Turpin, John T. Gibson, and Emma Griffin, whose individual plans for black-owned theater spaces in the 1910s led them to contribute to Theater Owners’ Booking Association (T.O.B.A.)’s management structure in the 1920s. Each theater professional attributed sociopolitical power to black-owned entertainment sites and saw success in black vaudeville as “race work,” a larger belief in using the labors and economic rewards of a venture to benefit the uplift of black communities. These 1910s discussions of the cultural and economic significance of black vaudeville were an essential part the circuit’s creation.
Must They Go?
Authors: Costaguta Lorenzo
Published: September 2023

This chapter investigates socialists’ reaction to Chinese immigration in the lead up to the approval of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882 and up to 1890. It argues that virtually all the positions defended by socialists, which spanned from a moderate defense of the right of free Chinese workers to settle in the U.S. to white supremacist appeals to close the border, were based on a mix of racially-charged stereotypes and class-based denunciation of the economic exploitation suffered by Chinese labor. This chapter explores the Socialist Labor Party (SLP)’s contentious relationship with the Workingmen’s Party of California and the controversial concept of “coolie worker”, detailing how it was pivotal to favor the diffusion of anti-Chinese ideas in the American left.
The SLP in the 1890s
Authors: Costaguta Lorenzo
Published: September 2023

This chapter details strengths and limits of the significant shifts American socialism went through in the 1890s. In this period, the Socialist Labor Party of America (SLP) freed itself of the most problematic forms of scientific racialism it had embraced in the previous decades; at the same time, with its emphasis on class equality, the party struggled to come to term with the significance of race in American working relations. What is more, the party missed the occasion to build on its multiethnic membership base: in 1899, the rigid program of Americanization imposed by the controversial Marxist leader Daniel De Leon provoked a split that pushed the SLP at the fringe of the American radical world.
The (Cinder) Path to a Better Life
Authors: Eleff Zev
Published: September 2023

This chapter introduces Bill Bingham and his blue-collar life in Lawrence, Massachusetts. This section makes a compelling case for what is special about Bingham and his determination to succeed in athletics, in his case, track and field. The chapter also braids this narrative with the concurrent culture at Harvard, which eschews working-class fellows like Bingham. In the end, Bingham is admitted to Phillips Exeter Academy, an elite New Hampshire boarding school. His coworkers in the Lawrence mill send him off with a purse of cash and good wishes for successfully overcoming their collective blue-collar lifestyle.
Americanization, the Jewish Take on Success
Authors: Eleff Zev
Published: September 2023

This chapter introduces Arnold Horween’s origins, tracing back to the migration of Rose and Isadore Horween from Europe to Chicago. The couple’s sons, Ralph and Arnie Horween, learn about American traditions and sports. Chicago possesses its own middle-class character, somewhat far from the culture bred at Harvard. The chapter engages the Jewish components of this tale and how admission to Harvard College represents a success story for this immigrant family. The chapter offers context, revealing the important adversarial football efforts of Harvard president Charles Eliot and US president Theodore Roosevelt while combining with other lesser-known perspectives on football as an agent and symbol of Americanization, class, and race.
Conclusion
Authors: Eleff Zev
Published: September 2023

This chapter addresses Arnold Horween’s final 1930 season as Harvard’s football coach. The section then narrates Horween’s departure amid much fanfare; his retirement from big-time sports is covered in the same columns that announce that the Detroit Tigers have called up Hank Greenberg. The conclusion summarizes the biographical details of the story’s major figures and offers the significance of the book’s contents.
Odontopediatría en Acción Tomo 1
Authors: Portugal Solís Astrid Amaris , Vega García Marco Miguel , Centeno Zhicay Nelly Eulalia , Martínez Portilla Adriana Verónica
Published: September 2023

"Odontopediatria en acción: Tomo 1" emerge como una joya esencial en el vasto océano de la literatura médica. Es una guía exhaustiva que se enfoca en el cuidado dental de los más pequeños, quienes representan tanto un desafío como una responsabilidad para el profesional de la salud. Desde el inicio, el libro establece un equilibrio perfecto entre la teoría y la práctica. Los fundamentos teóricos de la odontopediatría se presentan con claridad, reforzados por investigaciones recientes y respaldados por evidencia clínica. Sin embargo, lo que realmente distingue a este tomo es su énfasis en el enfoque práctico. A través de estudios de casos, imágenes claras y descriptivas, y pasos detallados, el lector puede visualizar y comprender los procedimientos comunes y complicados por igual.
Políticas públicas de la comunicación y desarrollo del turismo en la provincia de Puno
Authors: Calderon Tumi Juan Alfredo , Caleron Tumi Marianela Jhajaira
Published: September 2023

Las políticas públicas de la comunicación son un fenómeno educativo, estratégico y dinamizador de valor comunicacional, que se expresa utilizando medios, instrumentos, habilidades y otros mecanismos para impulsar la gestión pública y el desarrollo del turismo.  Nuestro objetivo, es relacionar las políticas públicas de la comunicación y el desarrollo del turismo en la municipalidad provincial de Puno. La investigación es de tipo explicativo-correlacional, diseño no experimental y enfoque cuantitativo, utilizando el diseño estadístico SPSS V-26 para la sistematización de datos. El tipo de muestreo es probabilístico, para determinar la muestra se utiliza el subtipo de muestreo al zar simple, porque otorga la misma probabilidad de ser elegidos a todos los elementos de la población. Los resultados están relacionados con la aplicación de las políticas públicas para el desarrollo económico social vinculado al ciclo de las políticas públicas, para comprender la utilidad de la publicidad, comunicación audiovisual y cultura, afianzando estas políticas en el fortalecimiento de las formas de organización, desarrollo institucional e importancia que tiene el turismo social y cultural. La conclusión general según el SPSS V-26 precisan un valor del coeficiente de correlación de Pearson igual a + 0.397**. Por lo tanto, existe una correlación positiva entre ambas variables a un nivel de error del 0.05 o 5%, el cual se evidencia el mayor grado de relación entre políticas públicas de la comunicación y desarrollo turístico en la municipalidad provincial de Puno.
Tradición y cambio cultural de la danza “Mallku kunturi” en las comunidades aimaras de Puno
Authors: Calderón Torres Alfredo , Saavedra Pinazo Marco Antonio , Luna Quispe Susy
Published: September 2023

La danza del “Mallku kunturi” representa las creencias mitológicas de la cosmovisión andina, la relación del hombre con la naturaleza y sus formas de vivencia cotidiana, el efecto de la globalización ha generado cambios culturales en su presentación ancestral, color, diseño, melodía, iconografía; los pobladores de aimaras van perdiendo la esencia e interés para participar en las manifestaciones culturales y la conservación de su tradición cultural de la danza, a consecuencia también de efecto del covid-19. La investigación, tiene como objetivo explicar, identificar y comprender la tradición y cambios culturales en la danza “Mallku kunturi” en las comunidades aimaras de Puno. En la metodología, se considera el método inductivo para comprender la esencia de la danza y el cambio cultural, el tipo de investigación es descriptiva, diseño etnográfico no experimental, y enfoque cualitativo, para obtener datos e información se utiliza guías de entrevista de profundidad y protocolos de historias de vida. El resultado de la investigación está directamente relacionado con las manifestaciones de la cosmovisión andina expresadas en la tradición cultural de la danza de sentimiento de pertenencia del poblador andino, y cambios culturales producidos a efectos de la globalización y problemas de covid-19, que se presentan en las expresiones de la danza con estas manifestaciones culturales se difunde y revalora la cultura viva mediante la danza tradicional del “Mallku kunturi”en los pobladores de la zona aimara.
Pendampingan Pengolahan dan Pemberian Makanan Tambahan sebagai Usaha Pencegahan Stunting di Kelurahan Suka Asih Kecamatan Tangerang
Authors: Yani Sugiyani  , Ri Sabti Septarini  , Nurhayati Nurhayati  , Surya Dwi Putra
Published: September 2023

The background to assistance in processing and providing additional food as an effort to prevent stunting includes an in-depth understanding of the factors that cause stunting and how nutritional interventions can affect children's growth. Here is the background. The Importance of Optimal Growth in Children Under Five: Optimal growth in children under five is the key to ensuring they grow into a healthy, intelligent and productive generation.This problem formulation will help design studies or programs that are right on target and focus attention on key aspects that need to be improved to prevent stunting through assistance with food processing and providing additional food in Suka Asih Village, Tangerang District. a condition where a child has a height lower than the standard that should be appropriate for his age. Stunting prevention is a very important effort to ensure optimal growth and development of children. One effective strategy in preventing stunting is through assistance with food processing and providing additional food.
PULMONARY DISEASES IN HIV–INFECTED INDIVIDUALS IN HIGH HIV AND TUBERCULOSIS PREVALENCE SETTINGS: THE STRUCTURE AND FEATURES OF CLINICAL AND RADIOLOGIC MANIFESTATIONS
Authors:   Novokuznetsk State Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education – a branch of the Russian Medical Academy  of Postgraduate Education, Novokuznetsk, Russia, Viktorova I.B. , Zimina V.N. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia, Kravchenko A.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Surveillance  on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor), Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2023

The aim of the study: to examine the structure, clinical and radiologic manifestations of pulmonary diseases in hospitalized HIV-infected adults in high HIV and tuberculosis prevalence settings. Materials and methods. A retrospective longitudinal study of all pulmonary diseases in HIV infected individuals (n = 185) admitted to the Internal Medicine Department of Novokuznetsk City Hospital #2 in 2017–2018. Results. The median CD4 cell count was 155 cells/μl. The most frequent diseases were community acquired pneumonia (38.4%), tuberculosis (27.0%), and septic pneumonia (16.8%). Their frequency was not associated with severity of immunodeficiency. Pneumocystis pneumonia was detected in 7.6%, other opportunistic infections (cytomegalovirus pneumonia and lymphoma) were diagnosed in 1.6% and 0.5% of cases respectively. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was diagnosed in 10.3% of cases. Two or more pulmonary conditions were established in 11.4% of cases. Hospital mortality accounted for 8.1% and was associated with severe immunodeficiency (CD4 < 50 cells/μl). Conclusion. Determination of the major clinical and radiological patterns typical for different pulmonary diseases enabled to establish the pillar signs for differential diagnosis and treatment tactics in HIV-infected individuals with lung pathology.
PHARMACOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE IN PHTHISIOLOGY: REGULATORY, CLINICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Authors:   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, Zakharov A.V. , Yakimova M.A. ,   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, Stepanyan I.E. ,   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, Romanov V.V. ,   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, Ergeshov A.E. ,   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia,  A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2023

The article highlights the issues of safety of drugs able to induce numerous adverse events. It also describes the history of the development of pharmacological surveillance, provides the principal concepts, rules, and regulatory documents related to clinical studies and use of drugs.
Elaboração e validação de um instrumento para avaliação do impacto de intervenções de computação no Ensino Fundamental anos finais
Authors: Cruz Leandro Santos da , Santos José Amancio Macedo
Published: September 2023

Devido à atual e constante transformação do mundo, o mercado de trabalho é cada vez mais seletivo. As empresas buscam profissionais criativos e com habilidades cognitivas adaptadas à realidade. No contexto deste trabalho, essas são as denominadas habilidades do século XXI. Uma das formas de desenvolver essas habilidades é através da educação em computação. Contudo, uma vez que a área da educação em computação pode ser considerada recente, há necessidade de mais pesquisas relacionadas a identificação dos efeitos de intervenções de computação no desenvolvimento de habilidades do século XXI. Além disso, boa parte dos estudos existentes adotam instrumentos que não foram submetidos a um processo de validação sistemática, ou seja, de acordo com o contexto em que os estudos estão sendo aplicados. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver e validar um instrumento de avaliação de habilidades do século XXI através do ensino da computação. O instrumento é desenvolvido no idioma português e é adequado à realidade do Ensino Fundamental – anos finais . A avaliação inicial em termos de confiabilidade e validade do instrumento, com base em 580 respostas de estudantes do Ensino Fundamental – anos finais , indica uma alta confiabilidade interna (alfa de Cronbach = 0,819 e 0,772), após um processo de reclassificação. Assim, o instrumento representa um passo importante visando a avaliação de habilidades do século XXI, e a crescente sistemática do ensino da computação na educação.
Arbeitszeiterfassung - Der Gesetzgeber muss handeln
Authors: Vollgraf Ingo
Published: September 2023

Bereits 2019 entschied der Europäische Gerichtshof (EuGH), dass alle Mitgliedstaaten die Arbeitgeber verpflichten müssen, ein objektives und verlässliches System der Arbeitszeiterfassung einzuführen. Diese Vorgabe wurde von der Bundesregierung mehr als drei Jahre lang ignoriert. Erst nachdem das Bundesarbeitsgericht im September 2022 feststellte, dass die Pflicht zur Arbeitszeiterfassung mit sofortiger Wirkung und für alle Arbeit- geber gilt, reagierte die Ampel und legte im April den Referentenentwurf für ein Gesetz zur Änderung des Arbeitszeitgesetzes vor. Bis Ende des Jah- res soll das Gesetz verabschiedet werden.
Kunqu
Authors: Lam Joseph S. C.
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses the ways contemporary kunqu practitioners pragmatically inherit and develop kunqu as an earthly heritage, selectively tell the genre’s history, and creatively stage its shows for targeted audience. Contemporary kunqu developments reflect and are shaped by the nation’s historical memories and present needs. The kunqu history that Chinese scholars tell is not merely a narrative about the genre’s ebb and flow in the past, but also a reminder that kunqu is a resource for understanding historical Chinese lives and dreams as guides for the future. It is no accident that contemporary China creatively stages kunqu for aesthetic and practical goals, a phenomenon that this chapter examines and illustrates with analyses of several contrasting productions of the “Strolling; Dreaming” (“Youyuan jingmeng”) scene from Tang Xianzu’s (1550-1616) Peony Pavilion.