bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Independent Design Verification of 1915 Çanakkale Bridge:Global Analyses of Construction Stages
Authors: Kaasa Lars Halvor , Hornby Richard , Aas-Jakobsen Ketil
Published: August 2023

The 1915 Çanakkale Bridge stretches the boundaries of what has previously been achieved for suspension bridges. To ensure a safe, reliable and fast-track construction, detailed global analyses of tower, cable and deck construction were performed by the Independent Design Verifier (IDV). Modelling and simulation of all construction stages, including a detailed model of the catwalk, is a far more complex and complicated task than analysing the completed bridge. The completed bridge analysis model was extended by adding thousands of elements representing cranes, temporary cross beams, bents, pullback cables, catwalk, temporary deck joints, and temporary hangers, among others. To effectively handle the large number of element activations and deactivations and adjustments of hangers and joints throughout the construction process, the analysis setup was automated by extensive use of TCL and Python programming. At the end, a total of 183 construction stages were defined, which were analysed in two batches. The first 31 stages were simulating the tower erection, while the following 152 stages started by catwalk rope installation and ended by applying long-term settlements.

In addition to provide a comprehensive verification of the construction engineering and identifying possible issues at an early stage, the IDV was also able to provide the contractor enhanced understanding of the bridge behaviour during construction. The value of independent analysis contributed significantly to the structural safety and risk reduction for the construction activities.
The expansion joints of the 1915Çanakkale Bridge
Authors: Paroli Luca , Roos Rainer
Published: August 2023

The recently opened 1915Çanakkale bridge 300 km south-east of Istanbul has a main span of over two kilometres and a total length of 4,608 m.

Based on the bridge kinematics, complex expansion joints at both main deck ends with movements of up to 2800 mm, low noise emission and highest durability were required.

In addition, the approach bridges to the main bridge, which are seismically isolated, requested large transversal movements.

So-called modular swivel joist expansion joints allow six degrees of freedom: displacements transverse, longitudinal and vertical to the direction of traffic as well as any kind of rotations can be compensated, to address the specific needs of a suspension bridge located in a highly seismic region. The expansion joint structure, consisting of bars supporting the lamellas, features a new low-friction, almost wear-free guiding system with a next generation of sliding material. This prevents restraints, provides a superior smoothly controlled movement mechanism, and increases the service life to at least 50 years.

Particularly, an approved sliding material (modified UHMWPE, pre-loaded and equipped with greased dimples within the moving components, which has been successfully applied for two decades in the bridge bearings, grants proper function for a certified accumulated travel path of 50+ kilometres even combined with high seismic displacement velocities. A more precise prismatic guide mechanism was developed to achieve a permanent contact between all relevant sliding elements.

In this way both the bridge bearings and the expansion joints systems can reach the same certified nominal life and durability while resisting major earthquakes without damage.

The expansion joints were additionally equipped on their surface with welded rhombic steel plates to remarkably reduce the noise, increase the driving comfort and assure a durable anti-skid resistant across the overpassing surface. Also, welded instead of bolted applications within the construction enhance fatigue-proof and durable service lifetime of the applied expansion joints.

The joints of the approach bridges were designed with special rhombic steel plates that allow also large transversal movements.
Innovative solution for an Extradosed bridge over river Beas in Hilly Terrain of Himalayas
Authors: Mody Nirav V. , Rizwan Shaik Mohammed
Published: August 2023

Road Network of Himachal Pradesh, a northern state in India requires number of long span bridges across valleys and rivers due to its hilly terrain. One such bridge across river Beas at Hanogi has a total length of 119.2m. Proposed span arrangement at the location of this bridge is 97.2m + 22m. National Highway (NH-3) runs perpendicular to the bridge. The bridge is located in a constrained location with approach road on one side and a hillock with NH-3 at its toe on the other side. It was proposed to build an extradosed bridge of span 97.2m with pylon only on abutment A2 side and back stay cables anchored in hillock formed of rock.

This paper presents design aspects of the extradosed superstructure and cables, Back stay anchors, Abutment A2, staged construction analysis. The construction of the bridge is carried out by cantilever method with form traveller. This paper also covers construction methodology of the superstructure, ground Improvement and stability check at abutment A2 and Hillock where the stays are anchored.

This is one of the unique extradosed bridge where long span on one side is supported by cables on single pylon and back stay cables are anchored to the rock.
Assessment of River Mersey Steel Truss Bridge Using Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Banerjee Sarbartha , Maitra Rajarshi , Das JyotiKamal , Satapathy Abani , Zachariah Tiju , Sandhu Harpreet Singh , Abanikumar Jon Wang
Published: August 2023

United Kingdom's railway bridges, a majority of which are more than 150 years old, is owned, managed, and maintained by Network Rail (NR). For the safe and efficient administration of the rail network, it is essential to have up-to-date capability information, for these ageing assets.

One example of its kind is River Mersey Bridge (SDJ2/38A). It was initially built in 1853 (Fig1) as a wrought iron tubular structure, later rebuilt with steel, except the central box girder, in the year 1908.

As per NR/GN/CIV/025, Level 1 assessment would not adequately depict the interaction between the main structural parts as expected for a structure of this age due to its known conservative nature. Therefore, it was beneficial to perform non-linear analysis as part of Level 2 assessment.

To properly simulate the structure and account for the potential failure modes of the structural components, this study took the complete structure into account. The paper also gives an insight into the mathematical model developed to capture all the section losses obtained from inspection for assessment report (IFA). The critical mode shape obtained from Eigen value buckling analysis was used as an input for initial imperfection to carry out the non-linear analysis (geometric and material). Discussions were carried out on the use of model to calculate the Von Mises stresses in Ultimate Limit State (ULS) and Service Limit State (SLS), areas of material yield, and the tendency of local premature buckling.

A comparison between linear and nonlinear analysis revealed a significant improvement in the stress distribution near the connection points, consequently the member stresses were found to be within acceptable limits. A continuous mesh improvement process was also followed to converge the analysis with successively coarser to finer meshes.

If any structural elements had shown material yield further recommendations have been made based on engineering judgement and modelling constraints. The non-linear assessment subsequently found the structure to be able to accommodate current load rating which was a betterment from the previous linear assessment.
The 1915 Çanakkale Bridge – Design of Towers
Authors: Thage Karina Johanne , Jakobsen Sara Lytje , Bønding Casper Tchu Nystrand , Polk Henrik , Park Jeffrey
Published: August 2023

The world record 1915 Çanakkale Bridge across the Çanakkale Strait in Türkiye is carrying a new highway connecting Europe and Asia. The suspension bridge has a main span of 2023 m and a tower height of 318 m. The towers are manufactured in steel primary to reduce the construction time and comprise of approximate 36000 tonnes. The H-shaped towers with three cross beams consist of closed steel boxes. The inclined tower legs have a base dimension of 11.0 x 10.5 m which reduces to 8.0 x 7.5 m just below the tower saddles. The butterfly shaped cross beams have a constant width of 4.0 m and varies in height from 5.0 m at centre to 8.0 m at the leg intersection. The tower legs are divided into 32 erection blocks which are lifted as full blocks with a floating crane or divided into panels and lifted by a heavy-duty tower crane. The tower block assembly is carried out by skin plate welding combined with friction grip bolting of the longitudinal stiffeners. The design of the steel towers is carried out in accordance with Eurocodes. The design philosophy is explained along with a presentation of the governing load situations; ultimate limit state, ship impact, and temporary bridge erection phases. Also, the special areas at the tower base, bridge deck and cross beams, where additional strengthening is needed will be touched upon. The towers are designed with focus on maintenance costs with smooth outer surfaces and internally protected by a dehumidification system.
Importance of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Inspection and Investigation of Long Span Bridges
Authors: Jaigopal R. K.
Published: August 2023

Inspection was urgently required for a suspected corrosion in few suspenders of a suspension bridge, where dirt and water easily accumulate which was directly above the sockets and at suspender clamps, the location was inaccessible for gantry, similar was the situation when multiple holes of size 100mm were noticed in RCC pile-pier foundations which needed a close up inspection. There is no other alternate methods other than, inspection through UAV’s or drones.
Flexural-Shear Behavior of Concrete-Filled Double-Layer Steel Tubular Column
Authors: Li Wencong
Published: August 2023

Concrete-filled steel tubular (CFT) column has been widely used in high-rise buildings because of a number of distinct advantages in earthquake zones, such as high lateral capacity and axial compressive strength, large energy absorption capacity, good ductility, and high stiffness. In order to meet the structural performance of the high-rise building as the height of the building increases, a special column with concrete-filled double-layer steel tubes was proposed in previous research. In this study, quasi-static cyclic test of a concrete-filled double-layer steel tubular column (CFDLT column) specimen was carried out under relatively high constant axial force ratio to investigate the effect of steel ratio on the flexural-shear behavior of the column by comparing with the hysteresis loop of the CFDLT column specimen in previous study. Regarding the progress of lateral strength reduction after the ultimate lateral capacity, the CFDLT column specimen with larger steel ratio showed a slight improvement over the other one with smaller steel ratio.
Management of Dry Air Injection System for Main Cables of Suspension Bridges in Honshu-Shikoku Bridges for 20 Years
Authors: Hanai Taku , Kishi Yuki , Asakura Yoshihiro , Imai Kiyohiro , Frangopol Dan M.
Published: August 2023

Main cables are the most important components of suspension bridges and require reliable corrosion protection because they are difficult to replace. In the past, corrosion protection has been performed mainly by coating the cables to block moisture. In 1989, after six years of service, inside of the main cable of the Innoshima Bridge was investigated. As a result, water was found inside the main cable and corrosion was confirmed on the surface of the galvanized steel wire. This revealed that conventional methods alone were insufficient to prevent corrosion. Because of this fact, investigation of effective methods of main cable corrosion protection under Japanese climate was started. As a result, a dry air injection system was developed to prevent corrosion by injecting dry air into the cables. The system was adopted for the first time in the world for the Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge in 1997 and the Kurushima Kaikyo Bridge in 1999. In addition, the dry air injection system was installed on six existing suspension bridges, including the Ohnaruto Bridge, from 1997 to 1999. More than 20 years after the system was introduced, the relative humidity in the main cables has become stable on all suspension bridges of the Honshu-Shikoku bridges. This paper presents the maintenance, improvement, and future prospects of the dry air injection system for the Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge, the first newly constructed suspension bridge to adopt the system, and the Ohnaruto Bridge, the first existing suspension bridge to adopt the system.
Inspection of cable-stayed bridge cables using a robot
Authors: Kakehashi Shinobu , Fujiki Tsuyoshi , Nakamura Shozo , Yamamoto Ikuo , Nakashima Sadaharu
Published: August 2023

Currently, all bridges in Japan are required to be inspected once every five years. Close visual inspection should be carried out for all members. Cables in cable-stayed bridges are extremely important members. However, it is very difficult to perform close visual inspection since it is located at a very high place. They are visually inspected from the road surface or from an aerial work platform in general. There is also an inspection method that involves close visual inspection by working at heights using ropes, but there are many issues such as safety and prolonged on-site construction period. Against this background, we developed an inspection robot for cable-stayed bridge cables. The developed robot has a structure surrounding the inspected cable with the frame. It has four propellers and eight guide rollers on the outside and inside of the frame, respectively. In addition, four video cameras are installed, and videos of the entire cable surface can be taken by them. In this paper, the outline of the developed robot is introduced, and the results of inspections, examples of damage to cable protection tubes, and comparative verification results of inspections using this robot and ropes are reported.
Kosciuszko Bridge Phase 2 – Erecting a Cable Stayed Bridge in a Dense Urban Environment
Authors: Vineyard Preston D.
Published: August 2023

The Kosciuszko Bridge (K-Bridge) is a new pair of independent cable stayed bridge that cross Newtown Creek, connecting the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens. This paper focuses on the erection engineering challenges of constructing the new Phase 2 cable stayed bridge, which is located in a dense urban environment. The challenges include: close proximity to the completed Phase 1 Bridge, the presence of Newtown Creek, limited site access at ground level, and the need for complex temporary supports that avoid the foundation remnants of the original 1931 bridge during construction.
Influence of imperfections on the buckling behaviour of longitudinal stiffened panels with eccentric load application
Authors: Thomas Nadine , Mensinger Martin , Ndogmo Joseph
Published: August 2023

During incremental launching (a known manufacturing method in bridge construction) of steel and composite bridges, biaxial stresses occur in webs and bottom plates of box girders, which mostly dominates their design. An eccentric loading from the launching bearings into the webs is practically unavoidable due to mounting tolerances, variations in plate thicknesses and tolerance requirements of the lateral restraint. The buckling verification of longitudinally stiffened plates under biaxial compression is defined in EN 1993-1-5:2019section 10 [1] through the reduced stress method. While the geometric and structural imperfections are considered using the coefficient α or an equivalent geometric imperfection (term from Eurocode, including geometric and structural imperfections) according to Annex C of this code, the influence of eccentricity has not been considered by this code. In order to investigate the impact of the load eccentricity on the buckling behaviour of longitudinally stiffened plates, large-scale buckling tests were carried out under biaxial compression at the Technical University of Munich. Based on the test results, a numerical model was validated and an extensive parametric study was carried out. It was observed that the direction of the equivalent geometric imperfection of the longitudinally stiffened plates is significant for the load capacity of the plates. With a centric load application, the minimum load capacity is always found when the equivalent geometric imperfection is located on the opposite side of the stiffeners. In the case of eccentric loading, the load capacity is further influenced by the combination of the directions from the eccentric load application and the equivalent geometric imperfection. As a result, an eccentric loading leads to an increased buckling resistance compared to a centric loading when the equivalent geometric imperfection is on the same side of eccentric loading.
130 Years Old Stambolov’s Bridge on Yantra River: the Symbol of Modern Development and Technical Innovation of Veliko Tarnovo
Authors: Georgiev Lazar , Kirova-Delcheva Radosveta , Partov Doncho
Published: August 2023

The construction in 1892 of the prefabricated single-span arched open-spandrel steel /wrough iron riveted bridge in Veliko Tarnovo of total length of 81600 mm during the government of Stefan Stambolov symbolized the first step towards the modern development of his hometown within the newly created Bulgarian state. The revision of the data of the designer and producer of the bridge complements the detailed description of the specific spatial construction of the bridge deck, that is used to serve the two-way pedestrian and vehicle traffic to the railroad station, in revealing the innovative character of its technical characteristics and its overall historical importance in the history of Bulgarian infrastructure development 130 years after its installation over the Yantra river.
Hybrid solution for the 1915 Canakkale Bridge
Authors: Virlogeux Michel , Klein Jean-François , Delémont Thierry , Gaudry Laurent , Bellanger Emilie
Published: August 2023

The name “Hybrid Bridges” is intended to apply to bridges which are a combination of both a suspended bridge (with parabolic main cables and hangers) and cable stayed bridges. The 3rd Bosphorus Bridge (Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge) is one of the few modern hybrid bridges built in the recent years. The choice of a hybrid solution was mainly motivated by the requirements related to a railway bridge (loads, allowed deformations, etc.) in relation with an elegant streamlined bridge deck. At early stages of the 1915 Çanakkale Bridge project, we have studied both a classical suspended solution and an hybrid proposal. Although the requirements and constraints are very different from the 3rd Bosphorus Bridge, the hybrid bridge solution turned out to be competitive in terms of costs and construction schedule. The aim of the paper will be to recall the reasons that lead to the hybrid solution for the 3rd Bosphorus Bridge and then compare the suspended and hybrid solutions for the 1915 Çanakkale Bridge.
Unique cable stayed bridge over the Mosoni-Danube with inclined steel box pylon in Hungary - Some details of the architectural and structural design
Authors: Németh Gábor , Kővári Ákos
Published: August 2023

The city of Győr in western Hungary will be enriched with a significant transport investment of NIF PLC., a Hungarian infrastructure developer company. UNITEF’83 PLC. was commissioned with the design. The new road will cross the Mosoni-Danube over a spectacular new cable-stayed steel bridge. The future bridge is a 2-span, 68+144 meter-long box section structure, and its 65 meter-high inclined pylon will stand out from the city skyline. In addition to key design issues such as the global structural design and the details of the connections of the main load-bearing elements (cables), other structural problems requiring innovative solutions also arose during the design process. Several structural versions have been carefully analysed as early as in the initial phase of the design with the purpose of ensuring adequate torsional stiffness of the deck. Due to the sensitivity of the cable-stayed structure to the wind, cable vibration and the flow analysis of the beam and pylon also had to be carried out. The issue of construction technology had to be paid extra attention during the design procedure, since transportation by river and road were both limiting factors in the region. The paper covers the architectural and structural design of the future bridge in Győr, offering a brief outline of the most important details and solutions.
Industrial Bridge, Chile
Authors: Seguel José Luis , Quiroga Claudio Morales , Valenzuela Matías A.
Published: August 2023

The Industrial Bridge above the Bio Bio river will become the largest road bridge with a transverse section of main beam and slab in Chile, with a length of 2.520 m in 56 spans, when it goes into service the year 2024. The conception and structural design was marked by the location and the reduce capacity of the soil (Soil type IV), due to flood events that are products of the widest river of Chile in one of the most seismic zone of the world. The present work shows the analysis made in the Industrial Bridge, where different studies were made to define the seismic parameters of the zone. This was made through a such as a deterministic and probabilistic for different conditions, which turned out as a result into a considerable increase of the seismic demand when compared to the demands of the Highway Manual code (Desgin code of Chile). For the final design, it was considered the used of and base isolator with energy dissipation, that was able to maintain the period of the bridge at 1.72 s but increased the damping 25% lowering the transfer of efforts from the superstructure to the infrastructure. The main elements of the structure ended up with an atypical characteristic for a beam bridge in Chile: prestressed girders of 45,00 m length and 2,50 m height and mechanical connectors for the longitudinal reinforcement, expansion joints with +/- 40 cm of transversal and longitudinal movement, and base isolator with energy dissipation bearings with a 25% of damping.
Benefits of parametric modelling in bridge design
Authors: van Schaik Rik , de Jongh Wessel , Van Ijselmuijden Kees , Hesselink Bert , Boeters Ton
Published: August 2023

In the Netherlands, several large infrastructure projects are currently in the preparatory stages, all of which are closely linked in terms of timing. As a result, the design process for these projects is limited by time. One such project, the A27, includes several large bridges. To optimize the design of these bridges, a parametric design model was developed. This model allows for the comparison of different bridge variants, to determine the most optimal design solution.

The parametric model was created Grasshopper (a plugin for the Rhinoceros 3D CAD application), which is used to create the coordination model, as well as the creation of the FEA and drawing models. This approach enabled the creation of drawings, calculations, initial automatic checks and visualization from a single scripted model. A workflow was established to ensure consistency and efficiency throughout the process. Additionally, a single source of truth and interoperability tools between different software packages were employed, to facilitate the inclusion of all stakeholders, such as clients, architects, and contractors, in the design process.

This paper aims to demonstrate the benefits of working parametrically by showcasing the application of the parametric model in the feasibility phase of the Keizersveer bridge in the tender. Specifically, the parametric model used for this project includes both an arch bridge and a cantilever bridge design.
Comparing cable-supported to archstructures footbridges across historic sites
Authors: Van Bogaert Philippe , Van Staen Gilles , De Backer Hans
Published: August 2023

Three arch-type as well as 3 cable supported alternatives have been developed for footbridges above historic sites. The two categories of arches and cable supported structures exhibit a completely different behaviour, since the latter are more flexible. The first cable variant is a straight intersection of variable width. In comparison with an arch, it is striking that the deformability is much greater the fundamental frequencies being significantly lower. However, the characteristic values for dynamics, such as the Scruton number and the accelerations of the bridge deck are significantly better. To span the site of 200 m in length, pylons of 46.7 m in height are needed. As a second alternative, a semi-circular suspension footbridge of variable height has been developed. Direct comparison with an arch counterpart is not evident. However, it could be deduced that this structure has a fairly high frequency and is also not sensitive to the important types of vibration. A full elevated walkway around a circular site can certainly be compared to its arch-shaped counterpart. Despite the lower fundamental frequency, the higher flexibility and the increased consumption of steel, the cable-supported structure performs better as for its dynamic behaviour.
4th Abidjan Bridge
Authors: du Cray Aymeric Perret , Datry Jean-Bernard , Martinet Eric , Drivet Jean , Grenery Simon
Published: August 2023

4th Abidjan Bridge is a major infrastructure project under construction in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. This 7.2km long expressway will connect residential area of Yopougon (2 million people) to the business district of the city.

The project is being managed by Ageroute while a consortium made up of Setec TPI/Setec CI/Setec International/Terrabo ingénieur conseil/Studi International manages works and design updates. China State Construction Engineering Corporation Ltd (CSCEC) is the general contractor of the project.

Two twin cast-in-place balanced cantilever girder bridges cross the Banco bay, with 90m spans and a length of 800 m each. They are followed by an interchange and a bridge climbing up to the plateau. These prestressed box guiders are casted in place span by span. The whole project comprises 3.2 km of pre-stressed concrete box girders.

After an overview of the project and a brief description of the different bridges, the paper focuses on a few technical issues that punctuated their design and construction.
Construction technology innovation of Sunk Shaft foundation and composite tower of 1200m highway and railway cable-stayed bridge
Authors: Zhang Yongtao , Li Yonghui , Chen Ming , Peng Chengming
Published: August 2023

The Changtai Yangtze River Bridge is an impressive feat of engineering, boasting the world's largest span cable-stayed bridge with a main span of 1176 meters. The foundation of the cable tower adopted a sunk shaft foundation with a structure size of 95.4×58.2×64m. The tower is 352m high, the middle and lower towers are spatial diamond type four-tower limb concrete towers, and the upper tower is steel-core concrete composite tower. Innovative technologies were utilized during the bridge's construction, including an automated air-lift soil extraction equipment and cluster control system, along with a three-dimensional panoramic rapid imaging technology for efficient and visualized soil extraction and sinking of the sinkhole. Additionally, an intelligent auxiliary decision-making algorithm and control system were developed for digital sinking. The steel reinforcement of the tower adopts the block-based reinforced bar product construction process, and develops the intelligent production line and equipment for component steel reinforcement to achieve high precision, high efficiency and unmanned production of steel components. The tower's concrete construction utilized a new intelligent hydraulic climbing system, which integrated automatic concrete pouring, intelligent maintenance, and synchronous climbing systems, improving quality and safety. The research and development of the W12000-450 intelligent tower crane was also crucial to the bridge's construction, capable of lifting up to 450 tons with a lifting width of 75 meters, including active anti-collision, wire rope wear self-test, and frequency conversion rotation functions.Overall, the implementation of these innovative technologies has made the Changtai Yangtze River Bridge a landmark achievement in modern engineering.
Key Techniques in Construction eter-level Rigid Skeleton Arch Bridge
Authors: Han Yu
Published: August 2023

This talk introduces the key techniques in construction of 600-meter-level Rigid Skeleton Arch Bridge. Manufacturing and shipment technique of Q420 rigid skeleton, system of intelligent cable crane, construction method of "Pile cap + Ultra-long rock anchor" composite anchor system are presented. Based on the methodologies mentioned above, combined with the control theory for the one-time tensioning of the cables, high-precision manufacturing and installation of the rigid skeleton is realized. And finally, the stability and stress requirements of rigid skeleton have been ensured by adopting the C80 no-shrinkage manufactured sand concrete with vacuum aided grouting method, as well as the innovative preparation technology and construction method of outer-covered concrete.
Bridge Adaptive Digital Twin with lifecycle internal force monitoring and control
Authors: Wu Dacheng
Published: August 2023

The load distribution of boundary conditions such as bridge bearings and cables is a key factor in determining the internal forces within a bridge. Direct load monitoring of bearings and cables involves integrating sensors into them. However, the drift and creep of sensors and changes in the formula relationship between sensor readings and loads require regular calibration of the monitoring system. Conventional calibration methods require the bearings and cables to be in an unloaded state, which is not practical from an engineering perspective. An innovative in-situ calibration process and technology have been developed for comprehensive life-cycle measurement of composite loads on load-bearing components. This new method not only calibrates the sensors within the system, but also updates the relationship between loads and sensor readings; The solution has been proven to be reliable and effective through a comprehensive evaluation process that includes extensive mechanical analysis, laboratory testing, official calibrations, and practical implementation in various types of bridge structures.

The technology not only reveals the load distribution status, enabling model updating to the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)for improved accuracy of structure models, but it also can precisely control bearing loads and cable tension adaptively with integrated power equipment, achieving optimized load distribution throughout the entire structure. The internal force-focused Bridge Adaptive Digital Twin supported by this core technology not only enhances the safety, durability, and total cost of ownership of the structure, but also reduces the size of the structural cross-section and the amount of building materials used in the design stage, thereby contributing to carbon neutrality.
Design features of main passage project of Ningbo-Zhoushan Port
Authors: Fang Mingshan
Published: August 2023

The main channel project of Ningbo Zhoushan Port is a large-scale bridge connecting island project in the eastern sea of China, the total length of the main line is 28 km and Yushan branch bridge 8.8km. In order to deal with the complex sea environmental conditions, the project pays attention to the industrialization of bridge design, and carries out design standardization, component factory-manufacturing and construction assembling. The whole line pursues standardization designing in the span layout and type of cross section of box girder, and the superstructure of non-navigable channel bridge is mainly composed of segment prefabricated and whole-span pre-casted box girder. In order to improve the connection problem of pre-casted pier, the substructure of non-channel bridge adopts pre-casted thin-wall hollow pier with internal wet-joining new structure. In order to effectively control the long-term bending problem of large-span continuous rigid concrete structure bridge, the north channel bridge with main span of 260m adopts the mixed structure of concrete box girder with segment prefabrication and steel box girder with the length of 90m in the middle part. In order to reduces the impact on the villages along the line, the column, and covering beam and T beams applied new technology of standardized design, component prefabrication and integrated erection. Meanwhile, the UHPC + HPC prefabricated combination T beam structure first used in the ramp B of the Yandun interchange bridge.
PPWS fabrication and erection of the 1915 Çanakkale
Authors: Kim Jungin , Choi Hyunsok , Yamasaki Yasutsugu
Published: August 2023

The 1915 Çanakkale Bridge located at the Northeastern end of the Çanakkale strait in Türkiye is a three-span suspension bridge having a main span length of 2023m, which is the longest one in the world, and a side span length of 770m. Two main cables formed by parallel wire strands are arranged apart from each other by 38m. For the erection of main cables with 144 strands (148 strands in side spans) and 18,288 wires (18,796 in side spans), the Prefabricated Parallel Wire Strand (PPWS) method has been adopted. Each strand contains 127 galvanized high-strength steel wires with a tensile strength of 1,960 MPa and a diameter of 5.75mm. The strands in the saddle sections are pre-shaped in a rectangular shape with aiming at improving quality and expediting the main cable erection work by excluding on-site shaping. The construction area has a very strong wind effect, so the order of strand construction was established to minimize the effect of galloping during strand erection. GNSS surveying was adopted as the main method of geometry control of the reference strand. GNSS surveying is advantageous for long-distance surveying in that the error does not increase according to the survey. Since the erected strands move continuously by wind and temperature, the use of the average coordinate value of a certain time was adopted improving the measurement accuracy.
Paradigm Shift required to bifurcate carrying capacity of span of a bridge with that of its durability in structural investigation of long span bridges
Authors: Jaigopal R. K.
Published: August 2023

Serious deflection in a long span bridge alerts engineers as it was in distress. Heavy vehicular traffic suspended on the bridge. It is followed by a detailed inspection and investigation. The investigation involves verification of existing engineering parameters through non-destructive and semi destructive tests to peep through the structural members, followed by a span load test. The results of chemistry of concrete investigated by NDT and semi destructive tests found to be not satisfactory, whereas span load test passed satisfactorily. Scene-2, a series of bridges in a single project failed to show minimum readings in internal integrity tests and engineers suggested for a span load test, so that if it passes in span load test, it can be certified as fit. Span load tests indicated bridges are in fit condition. Continuing further on both scenes the physical conditions i.e., load carrying capacity of the structures are certified fit, whereas chemical characteristics, like pH value, internal integrity and other internal parameters fail to reach satisfactory levels.
Elektrikli Araçların Kablosuz Şarj Edilmesinde Kullanılan Güç Aktarım Yöntemlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: REYHAN Ahmet Hamdi , DOĞAN Ahmet
Published: August 2023

Kullanımdaki elektrikli araç (EV) sayıları her geçen gün artmaktadır. EV’lerin sayısının artması ile şarj edilmeleri önemli bir problem haline gelmektedir. Günümüzde kurulu şarj istasyonlarının tamamında EV’ler kablo bağlantısı ile şarj edilmektedir. Kablolu şarj işlemi, uzun şarj süreleri ile birlikte güvenlik açısından da riskleri taşımaktadır. Bu nedenle son yıllarda EV’lerin kablosuz şarjı ile çalışmalar hız kazanmıştır. Diğer taraftan, kablosuz şarj işlemi, EV’lerin hareket halinde şarj olabilmesini ifade eden dinamik şarjın uygulanmasına imkan sağlaması açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, EV’lerin kablosuz olarak şarj edilebilmesini sağlayan endüktif güç aktarım (EGA), kapasitif güç aktarım (KGA), optik güç aktarım (OGA) ve mikrodalga güç aktarım (MGA) yöntemlerinin temel prensipleri, farklı tasarımları, EV’lerin kablosuz şarjı ile ilgili son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar göz önünde bulundurularak açıklanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, EV’lerin kablosuz şarjında kullanılan kablosuz güç aktarım yöntemlerinin avantajları, dezavantajları, fırsatları ve zorlukları karşılaştırmalı olarak kapsamlı bir bakış açısı ile sunulmuştur.
Una red de personas mayores ante la pandemia. Procesos psicosociales, participación y resistencia
Authors: Berriel Fernando , Adib Nuzha , Giménez Dyliana , Ríos Luján , Silvera Francis
Published: August 2023

En este artículo se comunican y discuten los resultados de una investigación interdisciplinaria sobre la dimensión psicosocial del impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en las organizaciones de personas mayores. La enfermedad por COVID-19 ha generado un impacto negativo en varios planos. El manejo de la pandemia implicó medidas que incluyeron limitaciones forzadas de las reuniones públicas, políticas de permanencia en el hogar y estrategias de distanciamiento físico. Más allá del impacto de estas medidas en la salud en un sentido restringido, en este estudio nos interesó conocer cómo los colectivos de personas mayores asumieron el impacto de la pandemia, hicieron viable su funcionamiento y buscaron incidir sobre la realidad. Para ello desarrollamos una investigación-acción participativa con integrantes de la Red Nacional de Organizaciones de Personas Mayores de Uruguay (REDAM) que se propuso identificar procesos psicosociales en juego en este colectivo y, simultáneamente, contribuir al propio trabajo de la red a partir de las definiciones y acciones que fueron tomando y desarrollando los participantes. Empleamos una serie de técnicas conversacionales, entre las que se destacan la entrevista grupal semiestructurada y la entrevista participativa, totalizando 13 encuentros con una media de 13 participantes. El análisis temático nos permitió identificar dos grandes temas: el problema de la participación y funcionamiento de la red, y las concepciones en pugna sobre la salud y el envejecimiento. La REDAM asumió una posición de cuestionamiento de la categorización de las personas mayores como “grupo de riesgo”, a la vez que se halló atravesada por ella. Logró incrementar su autonomía e independencia respecto a otros actores, repensándose a sí misma, llegando a apropiarse de nuevos recursos tecnológicos disponibles y, de este modo, incidir sobre las relaciones que conforman la cuestión del envejecimiento en la actualidad.
Reseña Reseña del libro: “¿Cómo hacer informes sociales periciales? Guía teórico- metodológica para trabajadores sociales”
Authors: Norambuena Conejeros Felipe Andrés
Published: August 2023

Este artículo busca comentar reflexivamente y aportar a la discusión en torno a los aportes para la formación del Trabajo Social especializado forense, en relación a los aportes realizados por el libro “¿Cómo hacer informes sociales periciales? Guía teórico- metodológica para trabajadores sociales”, del autor Milton Contreras Sáez.
Фактори, що лімітують та стимулюють учнів 10–11 класів до занять фізичною культурою
Authors: Perehinets Mykhailo , Kuznetsova Larysa , Dolzhenko Liudmyla , Boiko Anna
Published: August 2023

Актуальність. У статті наведено дані наукового дослідження організації процесу фізичного виховання старшокласників у закладах освіти різного типу. У дослідженні брали участь понад 300 учнів 10–11 класів. У процесі константувального експерименту встановлено низку факторів, які обмежують бажання учнів займатися фізичною культурою й спортом. На основі врахування побажань та мотивів школярів підібрано стимулювальні фактори, спрямовані на покращення мотивації до занять фізичною культурою й збільшення обсягу рухової активності старшокласників. Матеріали та методи. Для досягнення поставлених завдань нами застосовано загальновизнані методи, як-от: аналіз та узагальнення даних науково-методичної літератури; соціологічні, антропометричні, фізіологічні методи; фремінгемська методика дослідження рухової активності; педагогічні методи дослідження; методи математичної статистики. Результати. По закінченню експерименту відбулося покращення показників фізичної підготовленості, проте не всіх рухових якостей. Статистично значущі зміни (р<0,05) відбулись у юнаків 10-х класів у тесті «біг 100 м» із 15,6±0,3 до 14,4±0,2 с. В 11-му класі покращилися результати в тестах «згинання та розгинання рук в упорі лежачи» з 27,1±2,04 раза до 30,9±1,2 та в тесті «стрибок у довжину з місця» з 211,9±9,8 до 229,9±7,3 см. У дівчат 10-го класу достовірні зміни (р<0,05) простежено в тестах «біг 100 м» із 17,7±0,2 до 17,0±0,3 с і «біг 1500 м» із 8 хв 16 с ±0,5 до 8 хв ±0,4. Зміни, які відбулись у дівчат 11-го класу до й після експерименту, не були достовірними. Потрібно зазначити, що збіль- шилася кількість школярів, які володіють достатнім рівнем фізичної підготовленості. Висновки. У результаті проведеного експерименту виокремлено фактори, які демотивують бажання старшокласників займатися фізичною активністю й отримувати задоволення від уроків фізичної культури, на основі чого розроблено та апробовано організаційно-методичні умови фізичного виховання старшокласників закладів освіти різного типу.
Біомеханіка опорно-рухового апарату юних спортсменів у дискурсивному полі наукового знання
Authors: Khmelnytska Iryna Khmelnytska , Asauliuk Inna , Aloshyna Alla , Nosova Nataliya
Published: August 2023

Актуальність. Упродовж філогенетичного розвитку людини стопа як значуща частина її тіла внаслідок пристосування до прямоногого (вертикального) ходіння зазнала значних змін, тому на сьогодні постає одним із найважливіших органів прямоходіння людини в умовах природних локомоцій і не лише виконує функцію опори, а й забезпечує організацію ресорних взаємодії тіла останньої з опорною поверхнею. Проблема оціню- вання стану геометрії кістково-суглобових компонентів стопи людини належить до сфери плідних наукових пошуків теоретиків і практиків галузі протягом багатьох десятиліть. Мета статті – вивчення та систематизація наукових студій, спрямованих на визначення стану біомеханіки стопи юних спортсменів. Методи. У роботі застосовано теоретичний аналіз спеціальної науково-методичної літератури. Результати дослідження. Проблемне коло порушень біомеханічних властивостей стопи людини, що протягом багатьох років залишається в центрі уваги вітчизняних і зарубіжних учених, пов’язане, серед іншого, із впливом на стан опорно-ресорних властивостей юних спортсменів занять різними видами спорту. У цьому контексті та з огляду на наявність значної кількості спортсменів із порушеннями біомеханічних властивостей стопи, до негативних наслідків яких належать утрата опорно-ресорних функцій, підвищення травмонебезпечності, порушення осьових навантажень, формування стійких морфологічних змін, проблема інтеграції корекційно-профілактичних технологій у процес спортивної підготовки юних спортсменів набуває особливої актуальності. Висновки. Сучасний спорт із власти- вим йому різким зростанням обсягів та інтенсивності тренувальних навантажень, високою психоемоційною напруженістю часто негативно позначається на організмі юних спортсменів. Шкідливого впливу зазнає також стопа як лабільна ланка опорно-рухового апарату, що чутливо реагує на дії багатьох детермінант зовнішнього й внутрішнього середовищ, набула в процесі філогенезу біомеханічної поліфункціональності та відображає специфічну особливість опорно-рухового апарату людини.
NEONATAL LUPUUS SYNDROME
Authors: Lebedeva Oksana , Berezhnova Tatyana , Kubanova Fatima , Kashirskaya Elena
Published: August 2023

A rare case of diagnosis and treatment of neonatal lupus syndrome in a child with primary

manifestations of disturbances in the conduction system of the heart is presented. A complex diagnostic path

was demonstrated, a combination of severe comorbid conditions, which required a team multidisciplinary ap proach, comprehensive counseling and management of the newborn by specialists in various fields. Particular

attention is paid to therapeutic methods of surgical intervention (implantation of a pacemaker). The outcome

of the disease and methods of fighting for the life of the child during 63 days of life are shown.
Prevention and Control of Hypertension through Tera Gymnastics with Guntung Paikat Residents of Banjarbaru
Authors: Quamila Andriani Kamilia , Anisa Sujarwati  , Halimatus Mayda Zahra  , Muhammad Azmiyannoor  , Muhammad Irwan Setiawan
Published: August 2023

World Health Organization estimates that in 2019 the global prevalence of hypertension is 22%. Based on the 2018 Riskesdas report, the prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia is 34.11% and South Kalimantan ranked first (44.13%). One of the risk factors for hypertension is a sedentary lifestyle. Therefore, it is necessary to empower the community related to lifestyles that affect the occurrence of hypertension. A total of 15 residents of RT.007 RW.005 in Guntung Paikat have participated in exercise to control blood pressure. Seven of them received leaflets to increase knowledge and attitudes related to hypertension. Based on the evaluation results, there was a decrease in the mean systolic (p-value=0.020) and diastolic (p-value=0.011) blood pressure between before and after exercise. The increase in mean knowledge (p-value=0.655) and attitude (p-value=0.436) was not significantly affected by the provision of leaflets.
PROGRAM ‘’SI PEMADAM TOLAK API’’ (PELATIHAN DAN PENDAMPINGAN TATA KELOLA, AKUNTABILITAS DAN EVALUASI) PENYUSUNAN RKP DESA GENTONG KABUPATEN NGAWI
Authors: Haryanto Sendy Dwi , Ditasari Rollis Ayu , Nuraina Elva , Amalina Nur Ayu , Novitasari Dina Aprilia
Published: August 2023

Desa Gentong merupakan desa yang berada di Kecamatan Paron Kabupaten Ngawi. Dalam menyusun Rencana Kerja Pemerintah Desa (RKPDesa) yang transparan, akuntabel, partisipasif, tertib dan tepat sasaran dibutuhkan proses pemikiran yang matang. Inovasi yang dibutuhkan adalah belum terlaksananya tata kelola yang baik dan kurangnya kesiapan Sumber Daya Manusia untuk memahami perencanaan pembangunan, komputer, dan teknologi informasi. Program ‘’Si Pemadam Tolak Api’’ merupakan pelatihan dan pendampingan terkait penyusunan RKP Desa berbasis local governance untuk berkontribuasi pada SDGs. Program ini memberikan literasi dengan melakukan focus group discussion tentang kendala dalam penyusunan RKP serta memberikan pemahaman terkait Local Governance. Tujuan utama kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini yaitu dapat mendorong kesadaran, inisiatif, dan partisipasi dari masyarakat Desa Gentong guna mencapai menjadi desa mandiri yang dapat bertindak sebagai subjek pembangunan berkelanjutan. Hasil program ini adalah pemahaman dan membangun komitmen pemerintah desa dalam mewujudkan efektivitas penyelenggaraan pemerintahan desa, meningkatkan kualitas tata kelola Pemerintahan desa dan meningkatkan daya saing desa untuk berkontribusi dalam pembangunan keberlanjutan (SDGs). Program ini dilaksanakan berkelanjutan untuk memastikan implementasi program berjalan dengan baik hingga mencapai good local governance. Program ‘’Si Pemadam Tolak Api’’ merupakan solusi yang diberikan untuk pengembangan SDM dari aparatur desa dan perlu dilakukan setiap tahunnya agar perangkat desa dalam menyusun RKP serta RPJM sesuai dengan regulasi yang telah berlaku di Indonesia serta diharapkan proses pembangunan di Desa Gentong dapat berjalan secara sinergis. Program ini dilaksanakan berkelanjutan untuk memastikan implementasi program berjalan dengan baik hingga mencapai good local governance.