bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Water Institutions in the Indus River Basin: Reflections from the Law of the Colorado River
Authors: Sattar Erum , Robison Jason , McCool Daniel
Published: March 2022

Transboundary water institutions in the Indus River Basin can be fairly characterized as broken in key respects. International relations between India and Pakistan over the Indus Waters Treaty, as well as interprovincial relations within Pakistan over the 1991 Water Accord, speak to this sentiment. Stemming from research undertaken by the authors for the Harvard Water Federalism Project and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), this Article seeks to spur the evolution of the Indus River Basin’s water institutions by offering a comparative perspective from North America’s most “institutionally encompassed” basin, the Colorado River Basin. Mindful of the importance of context for comparative water law and policy scholarship, the Article begins with overviews of the Colorado and Indus basins. In turn, the Article considers in greater detail major water-related challenges facing the latter basin, including climate change and overallocation. Against this backdrop, the Article ultimately turns to analysis and prescription. Examining a host of topics involving transboundary water allocation, conservation, and governance, the Article considers key institutions associated with these topics in the Colorado River Basin and reflects on how, if at all, they may serve as reference points for institutional evolution in the Indus Basin. Many of the proposals in the Article are expensive. But compared to military operations, they are quite modest in terms of expense and minimize the risk of loss of life and destruction of property. Still, the Article prioritizes solutions that maximize individual and local freedom to the greatest extent possible. This means relying upon voluntary market-based transfers that protect the vulnerable, favoring incentives rather than regulations, and creating a reward structure that includes benefits other than water.
Analisis Pengaruh Penggunaan Kata Anjay terhadap Kondisi Psikis Generasi-Z
Authors: Nawawi M. Ichsan , Ibnas Risnawati , Al Maidah Mahda , Darwin Wa Ode Firda Sasmita , Nurfitriani St. Hasna , Amalia Riska , Ramli Mitra Aulia , Candra Deni
Published: March 2022

Abstract  – The word "anjay" is a multi-situation term, it can be used in a happy atmosphere to anger. The purpose of this study is to find out how Anjay's effect on the psychic condition of Z-generations. The study is a kind of quantitative study using a correlation approach survey method. Z-generations is a research population that is derived from south sulawesi, southeast sulawesi and Java. As many as 100 respondents followed the instruments in charge of questionnaires on Google form to measure whether or not there was an impact between Anjay and his psychic condition. . Based on the value of R2 = 0.019, it was found that the influence of  anjay’s word on the psychological condition of the Z-generation was 1.9%, the rest of the psychological condition was influenced by other causes. Based on the t-test where tcount < ttable which is 1.359 < 1.98447 and F-test where Fcount < Ftable which is 1.847 < 3.94 with a significance value of 0.177 > 0.05 indicates that anjay has no significant effect on psychic conditions. It can be argued that anjay's word was less influential in the psychic condition of Z-generations.

Keywords - Anjay, psychological condition, z- generation  
Eight ways to get a grip on intercoder reliability using qualitative-based measures
Authors: Cofie Nicholas , Braund Heather , Dalgarno Nancy
Published: March 2022

The use of quantitative intercoder reliability measures in the analysis of qualitative research data has often generated acrimonious debates among researchers who view quantitative and qualitative research methodologies as incompatible due to their unique ontological and epistemological traditions. While these measures are invaluable in many contexts, critics point out that the use of such measures in qualitative analysis represents an attempt to import standards derived for positivist research. Guided by extant research and our experience in qualitative research, we argue that it is possible to develop a qualitative-based measure of intercoder reliability that is compatible with the interpretivist epistemological paradigm of qualitative research. We present eight qualitative research process-based guidelines for evaluating and reporting intercoder reliability in qualitative research and anticipate that these recommendations will particularly guide beginning researchers in the coding and analysis processes of qualitative data analysis.
A New Robust Molding of Heat and Mass Transfer Process in MHD Based on Adaptive-Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System
Authors: Alharbi Ahmad A. , Kamel Amr R. , Atia Samah A.
Published: March 2022

This study concerns with the Process intensification deal with the complex fluids in mixing processes of many industries and its performance is based on the flow of fluid, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) heat and mass transfer. This paper proposes a dynamic control model based on adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), weighted logistic regression and robust relevance vector machine (RRVM). Suitable similarity variables are applied to convert the flow equations into higher order ordinary differential equations and solved numerically. The surface-contour plots are utilized to visualize the influence of active parameters on velocity, thermal, nanoparticles concentration and motile microorganism’s density. The hybrid-learning algorithm comprised of gradient descent and least-squares method is employed for training the ANFIS. A novel RRVM is presented to predict the endpoint. RRVM solves the problem of sensitivity to outlier characteristic of classical relevance vector machine (RVM), thus obtaining higher prediction accuracy. The key idea of the proposed RRVM is to introduce individual noise variance coefficient to each training sample. In the process of training, the noise variance coefficients of outliers gradually decrease so as to reduce the impact of outliers and improve the robustness of the model. To compare the proposed RRVM and other methods with outliers, the Monte Carlo simulation study has been performed. The simulation results showed that, based on mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R^2) criteria, the proposed RRVM give better performance than other methods when the data contain outliers. While when the dataset does not contain outliers, the results showed that the classical RVM is more efficient than other methods.
AKTIVITAS BELAJAR MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN FISIKA UNIVERSITAS FLORES PADA MASA PANDEMIK CORONA VIRUS DISEASE 19
Authors: Deno Maria Elfrida , Kaleka Melkyanus Bili Umbu , Harso Aloisius
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Mendeskripsikan aktivitas perkulihan mahasiswa selama diberlakukan perkuliahan secara online (2) Mendeskripsikan kasulitan yang dihadapi mahasiswa dalam melaksanakan perkuliahan secara online,(3) upaya yang dilakukan Program Studi dalam mengatasi kesulitan/kendal mahasiswa mengikuti perkuliahan secara online. Metode penelitian yang dipakai menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumppulan data menggunakaan teknik wawancara terbuka terhadap ketua program studi dan 7 orang dosen pengasuh matakuliah serta  penyebaran angket melalui via WhatsApp terhadap 25 orang mahasiswa semester 6 program studi pendiikan fisika. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini menunjukan(1) Aktivitas belajar daring mahasiswa pada masa pandemik Covid-19 berjalan“cukup baik” dengan mamanfaatkan aplikasi Zoom Cloud Meeting, Google Classroom, Youtube, dan WhatsApp, (2) kesulitan yang menghambat aktivitas belajar seperti ketersediaan kuota internet tidak memadai, data cepat habis dan jaringan internet hilang muncul. (3) Kemudian masalah tersebut dapat diatasi oleh program studi, dosen maupun mahasiswa itu sendiri. Misalnya penyediaan data internet dari universitas, mengurangi penggunaan aplikasi yang penggunaan datanya terlalu besar, pemberian tugas secara mendiri
Bienestar psicológico en enfermeras que realizan terapia de reemplazo renal en tiempos de COVID-19
Authors: Martínez Rojas Sandra Milena , Ruiz Roa Silvia Liliana
Published: March 2022

Introducción: La pandemia por COVID-19 ha generado deterioro de la salud mental en los profesionales del sector salud, siendo desconocida su situación en las enfermeras al cuidado de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica. Objetivo: Identificar el bienestar psicológico y sus diferencias de acuerdo a las variables demográficas y profesionales en enfermeras que realizan hemodiálisis en tiempos de COVID-19. Material y Método: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo transversal, realizado en 52 enfermeras que realizan terapia de reemplazo renal en unidades de cuidado intensivo y de terapia renal en tiempos de COVID-19. Fueron obtenidas variables de tipo sociodemográfico, académico, laboral y se empleó la escala PGWBI para establecer los niveles de bienestar psicológico. Se utilizó el test de Mann-Whitney y Kruskall-Wallis realizando el post test de Dunn para comparar diferencias entre las variables estudiadas. Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 36,56±6,95 años. Los niveles de bienestar psicológico fueron positivos en todas las categorías de la escala, con excepción de la ansiedad y la depresión. De igual forma, se encontró que las variables género, estado civil, estabilidad, antigüedad laboral, remuneración salarial y formación académica, muestran comportamiento diferenciado en las categorías que evalúa el instrumento. Conclusiones: Se identificaron altos niveles de bienestar psicológico en enfermeras que prestan cuidados en pacientes en terapia de reemplazo renal en tiempos de pandemia por COVID-19, donde factores como el estado civil, formación post gradual y tener estabilidad laboral con mejores ingresos salariales, influencian positivamente las categorías que contribuyeron a los resultados de bienestar psicológico de las enfermeras evaluadas.
DAPATKAH LATIHAN INTENSITAS SEDANG MENGOPTIMALKAN SISTEM IMUN ?
Authors: Rahman Farid , Ilham Setya Budi
Published: March 2022

Aktivitas latihan merupakan bagian dari domain aktivitas fisik dimana latihan merupakan aktivitas yang terstruktur, berulang dan bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan atau mempertahankan satu atau lebih komponen pada aspek kebugaran. Berbagai panduan aktivitas fisik dan latihan telah direkomendasikan berbagai konsensus guna mencapai tujuan optimalisasi tingkat kesehatan. Namun, variasi intensitas latihan rendah, sedang, tinggi berpengaruh pada aspek fisiologis manusia yang memberikan manfaat kesehatan tetapi secara bersamaan dapat memberikan efek yang merugikan khususnya sistem imun. Artikel ini menyajikan mengenai bagaimana intensitas latihan sedang dapat menjadi solusi untuk meningkatkan sistem imun dibanding latihan dengan intensitas tinggi dalam rangka meningkatkan status kesehatan individu. Berbagai sumber digunakan untuk mendukung studi ini seperti artikel akademik, literatur, dan sumber media yang diekstrak dari basis data. Selanjutnya, ulasan pada sumber-sumber tersebut dilakukan sintesis mengenai bagaimana latihan intensitas sedang dapat menjadi solusi untuk meningkatkan sistem imun. Proses dan desain review terdiri dari 3 tahapan: (1) identifikasi pertanyaan dan literatur terkait; (2) proses seleksi literatur; dan (3) menyusun bagan alur proses, menyusun review dan meringkas data. Mayoritas 15 sumber yang telah dilakukan proses review, mendeskripsikan latihan sedang dipandang lebih aman untuk individu yang melaksanakan program latihan fisik secara rutin untuk meningkatkan sistem imun. Intensitas sedang menunjukkan manfaat pada berbagai komponen imun sementara latihan fisik dengan menggunakan intensitas tinggi dapat meningkatkan risiko infeksi dan berbagai efek negatif pada kesehatan tubuh. Oleh karena itu, latihan sedang memiliki efek yang positif dan aman bagi individu. Hal ini dapat menjadi rekomendasi ditinjau dari bukti empiris dimana secara umum latihan fisik dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan jika dilakukan dengan dosis yang tepat.
Türkiye de Akademik Motivasyon Konusunda Yapılan Araştırmaların İncelenmesi
Authors: Yurt Eyüp
Published: March 2022

Bu araştırmada, Türkiye’de eğitim alanında yapılan akademik motivasyon çalışmalarının genel eğilimlerinin incelenmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaları incelemek için betimsel içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Web of Science, ERIC, SCOPUS ve
ULAKBİM veri tabanlarında tarama yapılmıştır. Anahtar kelime olarak “Akademik motivasyon”, “Akademik güdülenme” ve
“Academic motivation” sözcükleri kullanılmıştır. Tarama sonucunda toplam 158 çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Dahil etme kriterlerine
uymayan çalışmalar çıkarıldığında araştırmada kullanmaya uygun 77 çalışmanın kaldığı gözlenmiştir. Akademik motivasyon ile
ilgili çalışmalar kodlanırken çalışmanın yılı, çalışma grubu, örneklem sayısı, yöntem, nicel yöntem çeşidi, akademik motivasyonun
ilişkilendirildiği konular, veri toplama araçları ve kullanılan ölçekler dikkate alınmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, akademik
motivasyon konusunda en fazla çalışmanın 2015, 2018 ve 2019 yıllarında yapıldığı anlaşılmıştır. Çalışmaların büyük bir oranının
üniversite düzeyinde yapıldığı gözlenmiştir. İlkokul düzeyine yapılan çalışmaların sınırlı düzeyde kaldığı tespit edilmiştir.
Çalışmaların büyük bir oranı nicel yöntem kullanmıştır, sadece nitel yöntem kullanan herhangi bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Nicel
yöntem kullanan çalışmaların büyük bir oranı ilişkisel tarama türündedir. İncelenen çalışmaların yarısından fazlası İngilizce dilinde
yayınlanmıştır. Akademik başarı/ performans, kişisel faktörler, akademik erteleme, öz-yeterlik ve tutum konuları akademik
motivasyon ile en çok ilişkilendirilen konulardır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre araştırmacılara yönelik bazı öneriler geliştirilmiştir
Effects of Grain Alignment with Magnetic Fields on Grain Growth and the Structure of Dust Aggregates
Authors: Hoang Thiem
Published: March 2022

Dust grains drift through the interstellar medium and are aligned with the magnetic field. Here we study the effect of grain alignment and motion on grain growth in molecular clouds (MCs). We first discuss the characteristic timescales of alignment of the grain axis of maximum inertia (

a

ˆ

1) with its angular momentum (J; i.e., internal alignment) and alignment of J with the magnetic field (
B
; i.e., external alignment). We determine the maximum grain size with efficient internal (

a

max
,
aJ

) and external (

a

max
,
JB

) alignment for composite grains. For the MC density of n
H ∼ 103–108 cm−3, we find that external alignment can occur for very large grains, but internal alignment only occurs for grains smaller than

a

max
,
aJ

∼
2

μ
m

. The presence of iron clusters within dust grains or suprathermal rotation increases

a

max
,
aJ

to ∼10–50 μm. We then study the growth of aligned grains drifting through the gas. Due to the motion of aligned grains across the magnetic field, gas accretion would increase the grain elongation rather than decrease, as expected from the growth of randomly oriented grains. Coagulation by grain collisions also increases grain elongation, leading to the increase of elongation with the grain size. The coagulation of aligned grains forms dust aggregates that contain elongated binaries comprising a pair of grains with parallel short axes. Grains within dust aggregates in 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko obtained by Rosetta have the grain elongation increasing with the grain radius, implying that such dust aggregates might form from aligned grains.
Dynamics of the Transversal Magnetic Fields in Photospheric Quiet Regions
Authors: Liu Yanxiao , Jiang Chaowei , Yuan Ding , Zuo Pingbing
Published: March 2022

Investigation of the properties of photospheric magnetic fields could shed light on the generation mechanism of small-scale magnetic fields in quiet regions. In this work, we studied the transversal magnetic fields by analyzing the linear polarization (LP) features with Sunrise IMaX data. We calculated the area coverage of LP features, and found that they are 16.1%, 8.6%, and 3% for signals above 3, 3.5, and 4.5 times of noise level, respectively. Those LP features extracted above 4.5 times of noise level are further analyzed. A proper value of 1.5 × 1015 Mx for the net magnetic flux contained in LP features is selected to divide the LP features into two types (I and II). Among all detected snapshot LP features, 86% of them are in type I and the rest are in type II. The length scales of LP features in these two types follow Gauss and power-law distributions, separately. For the topology of magnetic fields in type I, the magnetic flux patches might be footpoints of flux loops that root inside transversal magnetic fields with one unipolar thick leg or one thick leg together with one thin leg in opposite polarity. For those in type II, about 50% of them contain bipolar magnetic flux patches, but the rest appear without magnetic flux patches.
Effective Collision Strengths and Radiative Parameters for Lines in the Sc ii Spectrum
Authors: Tayal S. S. , Zatsarinny O.
Published: March 2022

This work reports large-scale calculations of electron excitation effective collision strengths and transition rates for a wide range of Sc ii spectral lines for astrophysical analysis and modeling. The present results are important for reliable abundance determinations in various astrophysical objects, including metal-poor stars, H ii regions, and gaseous nebulae. Accurate descriptions of the target wave functions and adequate accounts of the various interactions between the target levels are of primary importance for calculations of collision and radiative parameters. The target wave functions have been determined by a combination of the multiconfiguration Hartree–Fock and B-spline box-based close-coupling methods, together with the nonorthogonal orbitals technique. The calculations of the collision strengths have been performed using the B-spline Breit–Pauli R-matrix method. The close-coupling expansion includes 145 fine-structure levels of Sc ii belonging to the terms of the 3p
63d
2, 3p
63d4l (l = 0–3), 3p
63d5l (l = 0–3), 3p
63d6s, 3p
64s
2, 3p
64s4l (l = 0–3), 3p
64s5l (l = 0–1), and 3p
64p
2 configurations. The effective collision strengths are reported as a function of electron temperature in the range from 103 to 105 K. The collision and radiative rates are reported for all of the possible transitions between the 145 fine-structure levels. Striking discrepancies exist with the previous R-matrix calculations of the effective collision strengths for the majority of the transitions, indicating possible systematic errors in these calculations. Thus, there is a need for accurate calculations to reduce the uncertainties in the atomic data. The likely uncertainties in our effective collision strengths and radiative parameters have been assessed by means of comparisons with other collision calculations and available experimental radiative parameters.
From Bedside to Boardroom – Nursing Shared Governance
Authors: Hess Robert
Published: March 2022

A brand-new nursing shortage is revitalizing shared governance. This innovative organizational model gives staff nurses control over their practice and can extend their influence into administrative areas previously controlled only by managers. But nursing shared governance is hard to define. Its structures and processes are different in every organization; and its implementation is like pinning Jell-O® to a wall. Is it appropriate for every situation? Is it worth the price? And can it really measure up to its glowing reputation? This article presents an overview of nursing shared governance, looking at themes and experiences from its rich 25-year tradition. The author identifies its essential elements, provides guidance for professionals who wish to embark on the journey, and describes the current status of shared governance as of 2004.
Et si la gauche se remettait au travail ?
Authors: Lederlin Fanny
Published: March 2022

La campagne électorale pour la présidence de la République française s’achève et la gauche, divisée, ne semble pas partie pour l’emporter. Outre des difficultés tactiques et stratégiques, ses déboires témoignent d’un profond trouble idéologique. Parmi les diagnostics que l’on peut tenter d’en établir figure celui-ci : la gauche, qui s’est historiquement construite autour de la lutte pour la justice sociale, semble avoir lâché le travail et les travailleurs au profit de combats culturels et identitaires. Peut-être est-il temps de s’interroger sur ce glissement ?
Les chiffres de la Ciase à l’épreuve
Authors: Vignon Jérôme , Desgrées du Loû Annabel
Published: March 2022

Le rapport de la Commission indépendante sur les abus sexuels dans l’Église (Ciase) a donné lieu à des critiques, portant en particulier sur l’évaluation du nombre des victimes mais aussi sur la pertinence d’une analyse sociologique du fonctionnement d’une institution comme l’Église catholique. Il convient donc de faire un examen rigoureux des méthodes utilisées et des conclusions issues de ce travail scientifique. Des experts extérieurs ont été sollicités pour cela par la Ciase. Mais il est utile que des tiers indépendants puissent continuer de les commenter.
Le corps pensant
Authors: Andrieu Bernard
Published: March 2022

Ce que nous proposons d'appeler la chair du cerveau définit cette construction historique du système nerveux par les interactions du corps avec le monde et l'incarnation progressive de ces incorporations. Penser le corps qui me permet de penser le corps... Cercle vicieux ou question mal posée? Si on continue de distinguer ce qui permet de penser, le corps, de l'objet pensé, on ne pourra penser le corps en train de penser. Car il faut admettre, comme présupposé existentiel de l'homme, que sans le corps il n'y a pas de pensée. Il convient donc de reprendre la description des relations internes du corps avec sa pensée afin de fonder le matérialisme dynamique par une réflexion sur les rapports entre biologie et philosophie.
Énoncés passionnés et performatifs selon Stanley Cavell
Authors: Raïd Layla
Published: March 2022

Nous étudions la manière dont Stanley Cavell analyse l'énoncé passionné dans la vie morale comme acte de langage, et en quoi il s'inspire et se distingue de J.L. Austin.
Analyse de la « conception instrumentale » de la raison dans la philosophie morale de Hume
Authors: Saltel Philippe
Published: March 2022

Impuissante et indifférente, selon Hume, la raison ne saurait que servir les préférences affectives et ne pourrait que leur obéir. Néanmoins le traitement des questions propres au domaine moral, celle du jugement et celle de la motivation, permet de préciser la conception « instrumentale » dont les formules les plus radicales sont restées fameuses. La raison « prise isolément » ( reason alone ) ne peut faire agir et donc ne peut faire préférer  : cette nuance motive notre analyse des textes qui, selon l’ordre des arguments, définissent un mode de contribution de la raison à la motivation morale et sa participation à l’établissement d’un schème cognitif pour les jugements moraux. Loin d’être irrationaliste, le sentimentalisme de Hume paraît ainsi particulièrement sophistiqué, au point de constituer un moment déterminant de l’histoire de la philosophie morale.
L’itinéraire d’Ortega à Madrid
Authors: Gómez Álvarez Nieves
Published: March 2022

Le présent article analyse les lieux significatifs dans la vie du philosophe espagnol José Ortega y Gasset (1883-1955) en relation avec Madrid, la ville qui le vit naître et mourir, et où il réalisa la majeure partie de son travail d'enseignant à l'Université centrale ainsi que certains des cours et conférences les plus remarquables de son œuvre, comme ¿Qué es Filosofía ? , ou la Fondation de l'Institut d'Humanités, avec son disciple Julián Marías (1914-2005). C'est aussi dans la capitale espagnole que le penseur dirigea certaines publications de grande qualité, comme España , El Espectador ou la Revista de Occidente , dans lesquelles furent publiées les traductions espagnoles de certaines des œuvres d'Edmund Husserl ou de Max Scheler.
Pluralité et unité chez Emile Durkheim Sur le rapport entre pluralisme et pensée sociale
Authors: Terrier Jean
Published: March 2022

Cet article se penche sur la notion de pluralité dans l’œuvre d’Emile Durkheim. Il commence par préciser le sens du concept de pluralisme, qui fait l’objet de débats depuis plusieurs années. Selon cet article, la question de la pluralité se pose à plusieurs niveaux. On peut distinguer entre 1) la question ontologique de la nature de la réalité elle‐même ; 2) la question philosophico-anthropologique de la constitution de la personne humaine ; 3) la question sociologique de la diversité des opinions cohabitant au sein d’une même entité sociale ; 4) la question historique de la stabilité dans le temps des configurations politiques et sociales ; 5) la question socio‐anthropologique de la variabilité des formes d’organisation sociale. Cet article montre que sur chacun de ces sujets Durkheim, contrairement à une lecture répandue qui le perçoit comme un penseur de l’unanimité et de l’harmonie sociales, croit en l’existence d’une forte pluralité. De plus la pluralité, à son avis, à des effets positifs sur la vie sociale moderne, car elle confère à l’individu une plus grande autonomie.
Transgression. Introduction to the special issue on Ernst Bloch
Authors: Siebers Johan
Published: March 2022

La philosophie de Bloch est définie, entre autres choses, par son style, révélateur de ce qui ne peut être l’abstraction de ce qu’il veut dire. Ceci est d'ailleurs conforme à d’une philosophie matérialiste. La matière, pour Bloch, engendre de multiples formes. Dans cette philosophie, le langage est le corps de la pensée. Le style de Bloch exprime la mise en avant dans sa métaphysique du non-fini, de l’indéterminé et de la nature utopique du réel qui souvent apparait en marge, dans ce qui est inattendu. Tout comme son ontologie est une ontologie de l'être à venir, du processus d’existence encore incomplet, son langage est défini par une domination du subjonctif. Dans cet article, je soutiens que le matérialisme de cette pensée, nous permet de dépasser la division institutionnelle entre rhétorique et la philosophie qui caractérise l’histoire de la pensée européenne et qui aliène l’engagement envers la vérité, alors que la prévalence du subjonctif amène à une nouvelle conceptualisation de ce que veut dire être, au travers de la parole inscrite dans un monde de possibilité créative.
Devenir agriculteur biologique
Authors: Samak Madlyne
Published: March 2022

L’article examine les conditions sociales de l’adhésion d’agriculteurs au mode de production biologique. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique menée auprès de maraîchers, il interroge les contextes dans lesquels se forgent et s’expriment les dispositions à rompre avec les pratiques professionnelles dites conventionnelles. L’enquête montre le caractère déterminant que joue un niveau élevé de formation, ainsi que l’importance de la distance sociale (originelle ou acquise) aux instances traditionnelles de socialisation en agriculture, à savoir la famille et les organisations professionnelles agricoles.
Probabilistic analysis of a class of impulsive linear random differential equations forced by stochastic processes admitting Karhunen-Loève expansions
Authors: Cortés Juan C. , Delgadillo-Alemán Sandra E. , Kú-Carrillo Roberto A. , Villanueva Rafael J.
Published: March 2022

We study a full randomization of the complete linear differential equation subject to an infinite train of Dirac's delta functions applied at different time instants. The initial condition and coefficients of the differential equation are assumed to be absolutely continuous random variables, while the external or forcing term is a stochastic process. We first approximate the forcing term using the Karhunen-Loève expansion, and then we take advantage of the Random Variable Transformation method to construct a formal approximation of the first probability density function (1-p.d.f.) of the solution. By imposing mild conditions on the model parameters, we prove the convergence of the aforementioned approximation to the exact 1-p.d.f. of the solution. All the theoretical findings are illustrated by means of two examples, where different types of probability distributions are assumed to model parameters.
Spatial segregation limit of traveling wave solutions for a fully nonlinear strongly coupled competitive system
Authors: Girardin Léo , Hilhorst Danielle
Published: March 2022

The paper is concerned with a singular limit for the bistable traveling wave problem in a very large class of two-species fully nonlinear parabolic systems with competitive reaction terms. Assuming existence of traveling waves and enough compactness, we derive and characterize the limiting problem. The assumptions and results are discussed in detail. The free boundary problem obtained at the limit is specified for important applications.
Adaptação cultural e validação da reason of using face masks cale para brasileiros/Cultural adaptation and validation of the reason of using face mask scale for brazilians
Authors: Maria Vieira Pereira-Ávila Fernanda , Ching Lam Simon , Rochelle Milanês Sousa Laelson , Garcia Bezerra Góes Fernanda , Rodrigues Bazilio Thamara , Pontes Braz Poeys Jessica
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: realizar a tradução, adaptação cultural e validação da Reason of Using Face Mask Scale entre brasileiros. Métodos: estudo metodológico realizado entre abril e maio de 2020 mediante as seguintes etapas: tradução; síntese das traduções; retrotradução; comitê de juízes; pré-teste e avaliação das propriedades psicométricas. A coleta dos dados foi online a partir de mensagens enviadas por meio de mídias sociais. O questionário foi disponibilizado a partir de um link e os dados armazenados no Google Forms. Utilizou-se a Análise Fatorial Exploratória, testes de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin e de Esfericidade de Bartlett para constatar se a amostra era adequada e passível de fatoração. Resultados: a escala foi traduzida para o português, avaliada por cinco especialistas, pré-testada com 20 adultos e aplicada em 500 pessoas da população brasileira. O índice de validade de conteúdo para a escala como um todo foi de 0,92. Os valores de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (0,639) e teste de esfericidade de Bartlett (p=0,000) indicaram que os itens eram fatoráveis. A variância explicada foi de 62,18%. Na validade de construto por grupos distintos, obteve-se resultado satisfatório (p<0,05). Conclusão: a Versão Brasileira da escalafoi adaptada para a cultura brasileira, sendo válida para avaliar os motivos para o uso de máscaras entre brasileiros.
LUDOTERAPIA E ALTERIDADE: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DE LUDOTERAPIA GRUPAL À LUZ DE LÉVINAS
Authors: Vasconcelos Alice , Souza Sandra
Published: March 2022

A ludoterapia de orientação humanista de Axline se baseia no pressuposto de que o jogo é a maneira natural da criança se expressar. Contudo, essa abordagem parece apresentar algumas lacunas éticas no que diz respeito à relação da criança com o Outro. Tais lacunas foram discutidas a partir do pensamento do filósofo Emmanuel Lévinas, que tratou da ética da alteridade radical. Neste sentido, este trabalho reflete como a ética levinasiana pode se manifestar não só na ludoterapia, mas também na prática clínica, por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa com metodologia de estudo de caso. O grupo terapêutico aconteceu em 14 sessões de aproximadamente uma hora e era formado por três crianças de 5 a 7 anos. As sessões foram descritas de forma narrativa e a terapeuta escreveu, a partir delas, as suas Versões de Sentido. Ademais, foram realizadas anamneses, devolutivas, entrevistas com outros profissionais da saúde e visitas escolares. As sessões foram analisadas a partir da descrição e compreensão dos sentidos. Verificou-se que o processo grupal pareceu caminhar para uma maior abertura e proximidade entre os participantes do grupo e que a terapeuta precisou ir em direção à criança, isto é, demonstrar abertura à sua diferença. Concluiu-se que, ao entrar na brincadeira junto à criança, o psicoterapeuta não pôde apreender o mundo infantil, mas apenas cumprir com o seu dever ético e inferir que o encontro com as crianças em terapia significa descobrir a diferença pela via traumática. Ressaltou-se, além disso, a dificuldade em teorizar sobre a criança ou a infância, visto que ambas só têm sentido enquanto for fomentado o respeito à alteridade.
O(s) INTERFERÊNCIA ELETROMAGNÉTICA VIA MÉTODO FDTD
Authors: Nascimento Luciano
Published: March 2022

RESUMO

 

A interferência eletromagnética é um fenômeno que pode ocorrer quando um dispositivo eletrônico é exposto a um campo eletromagnético. Muitos materiais apresentam uma eficácia da blindagem contra interferência eletromagnética (IE). Neste artigo, é proposta uma simulação computacional com base no método do domínio do tempo de diferença finita inversa (FDTD), para estudos de interferência de onda eletromagnética em meio material. Alguns parâmetros das ondas interferentes podem ser mudados como amplitude e diferença de fase. Os resultados da interferência de ondas eletromagnéticas de tais progressos foram analisados através da análise do método FDTD.

 

Palavras-chave: Interferência Eletromagnética (IE). Método FDTD. Fase.
A Mass Roentgenological Examination of the Students of Seoul National University
Authors: Kang Seok-young , Song Seon-bo , Lee Jeong-hwan , Lee Jong-man , Baek Kak-hyung
Published: March 2022

The T. B. mass survey of 13,072 students of Seoul National University(12 colleges) was conducted from September to October 1957. 1) 91. 32 percent of the total number of students were X-rayed. 2) Among the x-rayed group, 4.84% showed positive chest findings and 2.40% showed suspected pulmonary tuberculosis.3) Of 163 T. B. cases, 85.89% showed the minimal stage and 10. 43% moderate advanced lesions, according to the clinical classification method of N. T.A.4) Of 163 cases of pulmonary TB., 6 (3.68%) cases were of cavitation and 5 (3.10%)cases of tuberculoma.5) Pulmonary TB. was highly Prevalent in the 19-22 age- group with the 21 age-group of students being the highest.6) On the analysis or 163 cases of pulmonary T. B ., 93 cases (60.12%) needed medical supervision, and 65 cases (3 9.83%) needed medical management.
Clinical Investigations on the Antituberculous Effectiveness of Alpha-Ethyl-Thioisonicotinamide in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Kang Seun Je
Published: March 2022

A clinical investigation has been made of the use of Alpha ethyl-thioisonicotinamide in 20 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. In 19 of the patients the tuberculosis was chronic and the drug was administered with other 2 antituberculous drugs for a period of 5 months or more, 1 was recent disease and the drug was administered alone. The Alpha-ethyl-thioisonicotinamide was often badly to lerated and the patients complained digestive disorders such as anorexia nausea or gastric irritation. There was no toxic evidence that the drug was toxic for the liver, kidney, or the hematopoietic system. The neurotoxicity of Alpha-ethyl-thisisoni-cotinamide(1314 Th) appeared to 3 females an 1 male and it was relieved by intramuscular injection of pyridoxine 75mg to 100mg daily. The 1314Th had ad undeniable influence on the clinical and bacteriologic evidence of the pulmonary tuberculosis in the patients treated. The bacterlologic effects were particularly evident. A lack of improvement was observed in several patients. It is believed that the 1314Th shouldn't be used alone in the initial treatment of recently developed pulmonary tuberculosis, but should be administered in association with INH SM PAS or Cycloserine. The results obtained when the 1314Th was used in multiple drug regimens including INH PAS and Cycloserine, were considered to be most satisfactory. When used in association with other drugs the 1314Th has brought considerable improvement of the lesions in patients who had received much previous therapy but whose strains of T.B. bacilli were resistant in vitro to INH SM PAS.
Influence of Isoniazid on Visual Acuity
Authors: Cho Chang Won , Kim Kyung Sik
Published: March 2022

Since the advent of Isoniazid, an excellent antituberculosis remedy, many reports on the efficacy of this drug has been published, while continuous studies and efforts have been made on the toxic actions and on the improvement of this remedy. A survey on the effect of isoniazid to visual acuity was made with 114 healthy male subjects. For the first step, 94 subjects were selected and divided into 4 groups. They were medicated as follows; Group I 600mg a day Group II 500 mg a day Group III 400 mg a day Group IV 300 mg a day.Visual and fundus examinations were done respectively for 47 subjects with visual disturbances.For the second step, 20 subjects were instill-lated with 0.2% INAH solution into the eyes and were observed the alteration of size and light reactions of the pupils. With the above considerations, conclusions are made as Follows:1) The occurrence of refraction anomaly rises with increasing dosage of INAH over 300 mg/ day.2) The refraction anomaly lasted for average 2.7 days after discontinuing the INAH administration.3) The refraction anomaly which results from the administration of INAH is most frequently observed in hyperopic eyes.4) INAH renders the lens more responsive to the process of accommodation.5) Ophthalmoscopic examinations reveal no abnormal findings.6) Following installation of the INAH solution into the eyes, pupils become miotic and react sluggishly to light.7) It is suggested that above changes resulted from the stimulation of the parasympathetic nerves.
The Chemothera putic results of the secondary anti-tuberculous drugs for pulmonary tuberculosis patients
Authors: Shin Yung Kee , Hong Sung Moon , Lee Chan S.
Published: March 2022

The problem, how to manage so-callcd chronic far-advanced drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients, attracted the new attention of chest clinicians and investigators and many trails have been made to solve the problem.Since the advent of P. Z. A. by Kushner (1952) many secondary antituhcrculous drugs includingC.S., K.M. and 1314 TH appeared in rapid succession and seemed to give new enthusiasm.The author has made a study on the effect of various secondary anti-tuberculous drugs including C.S., P.Z.A,K.M. Abcid , and T.M. in the group of chronic pulmonary tuberculosis patients resistant against three principle drugs (S.M. ,I.N.H., P.A.S.) and summarised the results as follows.1) Among 96 patients of medical cases.Roentgenological improvement was made in 39.0% for C.S. group, 28.6% for P.Z.A., 9.1% for K.M.,8.7% for Abcid, respectively and most of the improvement was only slight in degree.2) The sputum conversion rate was very poor, only two cases, one is C.S. group another is P.Z.A. group.3) The symptomatic improvements were most excellent in C.S. group, that is. about two third of the patients among C.S. group showed improvement of one or more subjective symptoms.4) The side reactions were most frequent in P.Z.A. group, and two cases of severe joint pain and one casc of aunte hepatitis were most haza dous. The occurrence of the neuropsychiatric disorder with C.S. and the damagc of Vlll nerve with K. M. not significant in this sludy.5) Among 75 patients of surgery combined, the sputum conversion rate was 100% except of dead cases immediately after operation.6) The occurrence of complication after operation was 34.5% in the principle drug resistant group and it was as high as other reports. (Adrews. Sweetman) Over-all operation mortality rate was 5.06%.7) The over-all conclusion of this study is the secondary anti-tuberculosis drugs at present have some effects in the management of chronic. principle drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patient but not so much optimistic as many author's reports.
Bioetica dei principi e bioetica delle virtù: il dibattito attuale negli Stati Uniti
Authors: Palazzani Laura
Published: March 2022

L'autore approfondisce il dibattito filosofico sulla fondazione etica della bioetica negli Stati Uniti focalizzando l'attenzione sul paradigma dei principi proposto da T.L. Beauchamp e J.F. Childress e sugli interventi critico-integrativi ad esso apportati dalla bioetica delle virtù. Il dibattito è inquadrato nell'ambito dell'evoluzione della riflessione filosofica d'oltreoceano che reagendo alla astrattezza e schematicità della teorizzazione dei principi recupera in ambito morale la categoria della virtù che pone maggiore attenzione alla concretezza poliedrica della vita morale e alle motivazioni dell'agire. L'articolo intende evidenziare la rilevanza del recupero del concetto di virtù nel dibattito attuale della bioetica quale integrazione alla formulazione dei principi regolativi dell'agire biomedico sottolineando la necessità di un approfondimento fondativo sul piano delle giustificazioni che sia rispettoso del valore centrale della persona sia nei principi che nel giudizio ultimo pratico.
Membranous nephropathy associated with tuberculosis-a case report
Authors: Pal Madhumita , Sengupta Moumita , Basu Keya , Roychowdhury Arpita
Published: March 2022

Rationale:

Genitourinary tuberculosis can develop during the disease course of disseminated disease and the distinctive histological finding is epithelioid granuloma with or without caseation and accompanied Langhans-type giant cells. Barely, the lesion is only restricted to kidney involving both glomerular and extraglomerular compartment. Association with immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis has been sparsely reported in the literature.

Patient concern:

A 42-year-old non-diabetic, non-hypertensive male presented with generalized body swelling and frothing of urine for 3 months.

Diagnosis:

Membranous nephropathy with tuberculous interstitial nephritis.

Intervention:

Anti-tuberculous therapy for extrapulmonary tuberculosis was administered along with low dose corticosteroid.

Outcomes:

Reduction of proteinuria was achieved at one month follow-up visit.

Lessons:

Tuberculosis should be considered as a potentially treatable cause of secondary membranous nephropathy as pharmacotherapy greatly helps improve the outcome.
Comparison the Results of Hysterosalpangiography in Patients with Ectopic Pregnancy Treated by Laparoscopic Salpingostomy, Laparotomy, and Treated with Methotrexate
Authors: Khani Behnaz , Ahmadi Mina , Rouholamin Safoura
Published: March 2022

Background:

Ectopic pregnancy (EP) occurs in 1% of pregnancies, and may seriously effects on women's health and future fertility so this study aimed to compare the results of hysterosalpingography (HSG) after treatment of EP by laparoscopy, laparotomy, and methotrexate (MTX) therapy.

Materials and Methods:

This was a clinical trial study was done on 112 EP women with treatment indication referred to Isfahan Al-Zahran and Shahid Beheshti Hospitals from 2017 to 2018. They were divided into 33 populated groups of laparoscopic salpingostomy, laparotomy and MTX. Then patients of three groups underwent HSG 3 months after intervention. The factors such beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β–hCG) (mIU/mL), size of EP (mm), infection, hospital length of stay (LOS), and tubal patency were recorded and compared between the groups.

Results:

There were no significant differences between groups for age, body mass index, β–hCG, Size of EP, and hospital LOS (P > 0.05). The infection was more frequent in laparotomy group with no significant difference among three groups. The infection rates were 9%, 12%, and 6% for MTX, laparotomy, and laparoscopy arms, respectively. Between the three groups tubal patency as primary outcome had higher frequency than laparoscopy group, although, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.595).

Conclusion:

Although infection was more in laparotomy and that tubal patency was more within 3 months in laparoscopy and MTX, there were no statistically significant differences in the results of laparoscopy, laparotomy, and MTX in HSG results.
Perioperative Satisfaction and Health Economic Questionnaires in Patients Undergoing an Elective Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Nagappa Mahesh , Querney Jill , Martin Janet , John-Baptiste Ava , Subramani Yamini , Lanting Brent , Schlachta Christopher , Von Koughnett Julie Ann , Speechley Kathy , Correa Jeff , Yunus Chohan Maoz Bin , Rrafshi Nita , Batohi Mariska , Fayad Ashraf , Yang Homer
Published: March 2022

Background:

Early hospital discharge shifts the recovery burden toward the patient and can leave patients and their caregivers anxious about the recovery process. Postoperative home care must be broadened to include appropriate and adequate support to address recovery at home. In this prospective study, patient and caregiver perspectives on the level of preparation/satisfaction and cost associated with management of recovery in the postoperative period were evaluated.

Methods:

We designed this prospective study to measure patient-reported outcomes and to inform the design of a postoperative home monitoring system. Patients undergoing inpatient total hip or knee replacements were recruited from a preadmission clinic at a university hospital. Patients and caregivers completed preoperative, postoperative, and health economic questionnaires. Bivariate analyses were conducted to understand factors associated with satisfaction with care.

Results:

Of 239 patients and caregivers recruited, preoperative questionnaire was completed by 98.8% of patients, the postoperative follow-up questionnaire was completed by 94.2% of patients, 75% of informal caregivers completed the postoperative follow-up questionnaires, and 93.7% completed the health economic questionnaire. The postoperative satisfaction scores were higher than the preoperative needs/expectation scores for both the overall and individual subscales. Patients undergoing hip arthroplasty reported higher satisfaction scores for postoperative pain management than patients undergoing knee arthroplasty (hip arthroplasty vs. knee arthroplasty: 4.07 ± 1.11 vs. 3.37 ± 1.51; P < 0.001). Patients who underwent knee arthroplasty reported better satisfaction scores with regard to having enough information on how to manage leg stiffness at home compared to patients undergoing hip arthroplasty (knee arthroplasty vs. hip arthroplasty: 3.13 ± 1.35 vs. 2.78 ± 1.30; P = 0.04).

Conclusion:

Overall, patients are generally satisfied with perioperative care, but they have distinct needs and expectations regarding perioperative medication and postoperative pain management. Virtual postoperative monitoring may be a useful tool during postoperative care to address many of patients’ concerns.
The applications of real-time imaging with transillumination, ultrasound, and Doppler for thread lifting
Authors: Wang Yu-Hsin , Yang Ching-Sheng , Chang Kuang-Cheng , Chang Shyue-Luen , Cheng Chun-Yu , Huang Yau-Li
Published: March 2022

Thread lifting has gained popularity in recent years because of its minimally invasive properties. Regardless of the technique used, the key is threading in the optimal anatomical plane and suspending the correct target tissue. Failure to meet these objectives may result in chronic pain; contour irregularity; thread migration or exposure; and nerve, vessel, and gland injuries. The knowledge of facial anatomy alone is insufficient to corroborate the anatomical variations of a patient. Ultrasound-guided thread lifting can be performed because the trocar presents a hyperechogenic signal with bayonet and reverberation artifacts. Ultrasound is an effective tool because it can provide real-time images of the layers of the facial anatomy, fat pads, muscles, fascia, ligaments, superficial muscular aponeurotic system, arteries, and parotid duct. Transillumination, however, can be conducted to verify the presence of superficial vessels and prevent venipuncture and injury to homonymous arteries. The combination of transillumination and ultrasound provides three-dimensional information. In this study, to evaluate facial anatomy and guide threading, reconfirm the position of the thread, and prevent malpractices, practical strategies such as transillumination, ultrasound, and Doppler imaging are recommended for improving patient safety during, before, and after the procedure.