bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Top 100 Most Influential Manuscripts in Congenital Abdominal Pediatric Surgery
Authors: Fan Ka Siu , Leung Kristie Hin Chi , Fan Ka Hay , Chan Jeremy
Published: January 2021

Bibliometric analysis identifies the most influential manuscripts that shape our understanding of various congenital gastrointestinal pathologies. This study sets out to analyse the 100 most cited manuscripts on congenital gastrointestinal surgery. The Thomson Reuters Web of Science database was searched for all manuscripts relevant to paediatric congenital gastrointestinal surgery. The number of citations, authorship, publication date, journal of publication, institution and country were recorded for each paper. Eigenfactor and impact factor rankings were obtained for each journal of publication. 971 eligible manuscripts were returned by the search. Within the top 100 manuscripts, the most cited paper (by Metkus et al.) investigated fetal diaphragmatic hernia and was cited 413 times. University of Indianapolis had the most publications (n=5) and Journal of Pediatric Surgery had the most citations (n=3231). The country with the most publications in top 100 were the USA (n=39). The most commonly published topics were diaphragmatic hernia (n=23), abdominal wall defect (n=20) and atresia (n=6). The most cited manuscripts include various topics with a primary focus on the aetiology, diagnosis, management and outcome of diaphragmatic hernia and abdominal wall defects. Additionally, by collecting the most influential works, this study serves to reference what makes a manuscript 'citable'.
Bracka Urethroplasty with Buccal Mucosa Graft
Authors: Shandilya Gaurav , Kureel Shiv Narain , Gupta Archika , Singh Gyan Prakash , Pandey Anand , Rawat Jiledar D. , Wakhlu Ashish
Published: January 2021

Aims:

The aim of the study was to report a new technique of ergonomic penile skin-dartos management during buccal mucosa graft (BMG) to provide adequate penile skin-dartos for neourethral coverage at the time of second-stage tubularization.

Materials and Methods:

Ten proximal hypospadias with severe chordee underwent first-stage surgery with a new technique. An incision along the urethral plate margin and preputial edge was used to split inner prepuce off preputial dartos and penile degloving leaving inner prepuce attached to corona. Urethral plate was divided into the subfascial plane. Penile dartos was bisected in the dorsal midline. Distal half of penile skin-dartos bifurcated and joined to inner preputial edges. Mobilized and lateralized penile skin-dartos was sutured flanking edges of BMG. The second-stage tubularization after 6 months provided neourethral double dartos coverage with eccentric suture lines.

Results:

Adequate dartos for neourethral coverage during second-stage tubularization was available in all. Subcoronal urethrocutaneous fistula occurred in one that was repaired.

Conclusions:

Ergonomic management of inner-preputial skin and ventral transfer of penile skin-dartos helps in providing neourethral coverage during subsequent second-stage tubularization to minimize the occurrence of complications.
Optimism for the Single-stage Transanal Swenson in Neonates
Authors: Mohamed Wesam , Elsawaf Mohamed I. , Shalaby Aly I. , Arafat Ahmed E. , Marei Mahmoud M. , Aboulfadl Mohamed H. , Kaddah Sherif N. , El Tagy Gamal H. , Bahaaeldin Khaled H. K.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Hirschsprung's disease (HD) has been traditionally treated from infancy onward and different techniques have been used including Swenson, Soave, and Duhamel procedures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the transanal Swenson's procedure for classical rectosigmoid HD in neonates.

Patient and Methods:

This was a prospective study in which neonates diagnosed with HD were recruited from January 2017 to December 2018. Cases with a transition zone proximal to the midsigmoid were excluded. All patients underwent a transanal Swenson's procedure in the neonatal period using a unified protocol. Intraoperative course and postoperative outcomes such as leak, pelvic abscess, soiling, perianal excoriation, stricture, enterocolitis, and constipation were evaluated and all patients were followed for at least 6 months.

Results:

Twenty-three patients (17 males and 6 females) underwent transanal Swenson's procedure. The mean age was 22 ± 5.7 days. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 30 months. No anastomotic leak, retraction, or prolapse was reported. Mild perianal excoriations occurred early in 9 (39%) cases and all responded to medical treatment and disappeared before 2 months postoperatively. Stricture occurred in 2 (8%) patients, enterocolitis in 3 (13%), and constipation in 3 (13%).

Conclusion:

Transanal Swenson's procedure is feasible and can be performed safely in neonates with rectosigmoid HD with good short-term outcomes. Proper patient selection and standard protocol following fine procedural hall-marks and details are keys for optimal results and patient satisfaction.
Arterio-Duodenal Fistula
Authors: Garg Pawan K. , Khera Pushpinder S. , Pathak Manish , Mirza Galib , Saxena Rahul , Yadav Taruna
Published: January 2021

Choledochal cysts (CDC) are rare biliary tract anomalies characterized by congenital dilatation of the extrahepatic and/or intrahepatic bile ducts. CDC excision with hepatico-enterostomy is the preferred surgery in modern era. Perioperative blood loss in a case of laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision (LCCE) is usually minimal and managed by conservative treatment such as blood transfusion and correction of coagulation factors. Massive hemorrhage in LCCE is rare and reported intraoperatively or within the first 3 postoperative days. Hereby, we present an unusual case of arterio-duodenal fistula, post LCCE presenting as delayed massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a male child and its successful endovascular management.
Modified Epirubicin, cisplatin, and 5-FU
regimen as first-line chemotherapy in metastatic
gastric or gastroesophageal junction
adenocarcinoma: A Phase II study
Authors: Babu K. Govind , Chaudhuri Tamojit , Lakshmaiah K. C. , Dasappa Lokanatha , Jacob Linu Abraham , Suresh Babu M. C. , Rudresha A. H. , Lokesh K. N. , Rajeev L. K.
Published: January 2021

Background: Epirubicin, cisplatin, and
5-FU (ECF) is one of the most commonly used
first-line chemotherapy regimens in metastatic
gastric cancer. However, due to protracted
infusion schedule, need for special infusion
pumps, and catheter-related complications, the
practical utility and acceptability of standard
ECF regimen are limited, particularly in
resource-constrained settings including India.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, we
have used a more convenient modification of the
standard ECF protocol (using 5 days intravenous
infusion of 5-FU at a dose of 750 mg/m2/day, given
over 6 h through a peripheral venous line), in
Indian patients with metastatic gastric or
gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma.
The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS).
The secondary endpoints were overall response rate
(ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and
toxicity profile. Results: Between January 2014
and December 2017, 107 patients were assigned and
treated with this modified ECF regimen. The median
age was 52 years (range, 34–62); 66.3% were males
and 36.5% of the patients had ≥ 3 metastatic
disease site involvement at baseline. Dose
reductions due to toxicity were required in 14.9%
of the patients. The ORR was 32.7%; median PFS and
OS were 5.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI]:
4.7–6.9) and 10.4 months (95% CI: 8.4–11.8),
respectively. Both the hematological and
nonhematological toxicities were manageable, and
there was no toxicity-related death. The most
frequent Grade 3–4 adverse events were neutropenia
(18.7%), febrile neutropenia (13.1%), mucositis
(5.6%), and diarrhea (5.6%). Conclusions: In the
present study, the modified ECF regimen
demonstrated significant efficacy with an
acceptable toxicity profile in Indian patients
with metastatic gastric and GEJ adenocarcinoma.
The survival outcomes of this modified schedule
were comparable with those of the standard ECF
regimen, as reported earlier. Clearly, this
modified and more convenient ECF protocol should
be explored and validated through large
prospective randomized trials.
Oral cancer incidence trends in Delhi
(1990–2014): An alarming scenario
Authors: Kumar Anshuman , Popli Gourav , Bhat Sujeet , Mohan Sumedha , Sowdepalli Avinash , Kumari Kiran
Published: January 2021

Background: Oral cancer ranks in the top
three of all cancers in India, which accounts for
over 30% of all cancers reported in the country,
and oral cancer control is quickly becoming a
global health priority. We have conducted an age
period analysis of oral cancer incidence trends
using the Population-Based Cancer Registry (PBCR)
data in Delhi over a 24-year period (1990–2014) to
address the trends of one of the leading cancer
sites in Delhi. Materials and Methods: The data of
oral cancer proportion and incidence for the year
1990–2014 were taken from Delhi PBCR which records
cancer cases from more than 180 government and 250
private facilities. The data were segregated by
sex, age, and anatomical site and were analyzed to
calculate age-specific incidence rates and
expressed in cases per 100,000 persons/year.
Results: The highest incidence for both genders
was seen in the age group 50–59 years and the
lowest incidence for both genders was in youngest
age group (<20 years) for all the years from
1990 to 2014. The relative proportion of oral
cancer among all types of cancer in Delhi has
shown alarming rise from the year 2003 onward.
Conclusion: Increasing relative proportion of oral
cancer can be implicated in increased consumption
of gutkha chewers in the last decade of the 20th
Century. As access to health-care services and
cancer-related awareness is highly variable in
India, more in-depth analysis of the incidence of
oral cancer in rural regions will be
required.
Predictors of adverse drug reactions in
geriatric patients: An exploratory study among
cancer patients
Authors: Sneha S. George , Simhadri Kalpana , Subeesh Viswam K. , Sneha S. Varghese
Published: January 2021

Objectives: The objective of this study
was to study the predictors of adverse drug
reactions (ADRs) among geriatric patients in the
Department of Medical Oncology. Methods: A
hospital-based prospective observational study was
carried out among 153 inpatients in the Department
of Medical Oncology for 6 months. Patients above
60 years of age with a confirmed history of
malignancy were included in the study. The
potential risk factors for ADR were defined in
relation to the patient and chemotherapeutic
regimen and relationship between them was assessed
by univariate and multivariate logistic regression
analysis. Results: Among 153 patients, 94 (64.43%)
experienced ADRs. The mean ADR per patient was
0.88 ± 1.2. The common ADRs found were alopecia
(30.18%) and diarrhea (28.68%). Risk estimates
revealed that there was a significant association
between smokers (odds ratio [OR] = 10.326; 95%
confidence interval [CI] 2.345–45.47, P = 0.001),
alcoholics (OR = 10.897; 95% CI 2.479–47.902, P =
0.001), increasing age (OR = 2.22; 95% CI
1.698–2.909, P = 0.001), overweight (OR = 16.68;
95% CI 2.179–127.741, P = 0.001), and male
participants (OR = 0.143; 95% CI 0.05–0.390 P =
0.001) with the development of ADRs. The risk of
carboplatin (OR = 13.359; 95% CI 3.056–58.406 P =
0.001) and 5-fluorouracil (OR = 1.938 95% CI
1.266–2.935 P = 0.001) use and occurrence of ADRs
were also found to be high. Conclusion: The study
findings showed that smoking, alcohol consumption,
age more than 70 years, and overweight had a high
risk for developing ADRs in geriatric patients who
underwent chemotherapy. The independent risk
factors identified should be targeted for
preventive measures to improve anticancer agent
prescription and reduce the risk of ADRs.
Modified Heidelberg technique of pancreatic
anastomosis postpancreaticoduodenectomy – 10 years
of experience
Authors: Chowdappa Ramachandra , Tiwari Ajeet Ramamani , Ranganath Namrata , Kumar Rekha V.
Published: January 2021

Context: Pancreatic fistula has forever
been a dreaded complication after pancreatic
anastomosis (PA). We present a retrospective
analysis of 10 years of experience with the
Modified Heidelberg technique (MHT) that has been
recently described. Aim: The aim of the study is
to establish postoperative pancreatic fistula
(POPF) rates after MHT. Settings and Design: This
is a retrospective observational study carried out
at a tertiary cancer center in South India in the
Department of Surgical Oncology. Subjects and
Methods: Two hundred and eight consecutive
patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy
(PD) and PA with MHT for a variety of proximal
pancreatic lesions from January 2008 to February
2018 were included in this study. The incidence of
POPF was recorded by the International Study Group
on Pancreatic Fistula 2005 and 2016 definitions.
Statistical Analysis Used: Epidemiological and
clinical data are expressed in ratios and
percentage and presented in table format. Results:
Between January 2008 and March 2016, 186 patients
underwent PD, and MHT was used for PA. Five (2.7%)
patients developed Grade A POPF whereas Grades B
and C were seen in three (1.6%) patients each with
one death. Between April 2016 and February 2018,
22 patients underwent PD. Two patients (9%) had
biochemical leak whereas none of them developed
clinically relevant POPF. No deaths were recorded
in this period. Overall, Grade B and Grade C POPF
rates were 1.4% each, whereas 30-day mortality was
0.4%. Conclusions: Results of this study indicate
that MHT is a safe, reliable, easy to learn, and
adopt technique of pancreatic reconstruction after
PD.
Effectiveness and tolerability of
nimotuzumab in unresectable, locally
advanced/metastatic esophageal cancer: Indian
hospital-based retrospective evidence
Authors: Subramanian Sundaram , Sridharan Nithya , Balasundaram V. , Chaudhari Sameer
Published: January 2021

Context: Epidermal growth factor receptor
(EGFR) is overly expressed in esophageal squamous
cell carcinoma (ESCC) and is important prognostic
and predictive biomarker. Nimotuzumab is a
humanized anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody and has
documented promising clinical outcomes and
survival rates in various solid tumors with high
EGFR expression. Aims: Attempt to fill gap on
paucity of data in India on the efficacy of
Nimotuzumab in the treatment of locally
advanced/metastatic ESCC. Settings and Design:
Hospital records of 15 patients with unresectable,
locally advanced/metastatic esophageal cancers,
histologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma
being treated with Nimotuzumab along with standard
treatments from October 2006 to November 2016 were
retrospectively analyzed. Subjects and Methods:
The tumor response rate and overall survival (OS)
were analyzed. All patients were assessed for
toxicity and adverse events (AEs) as per Common
Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE)
v4. Results: Majority had lower thoracic
esophageal cancer. Tumor response rate observed
was as follows 33% had a complete response, 67%
had a partial response, and objective response
rate was 100%. Survival rate at 1-, 3-, and 5-year
was 58.33%, 29.17%, and 29.17%, respectively.
Median OS was 26.8 months (95% confidence
interval, 2.63–not reached). No Grade III or Grade
IV AEs were observed. No added toxicity was
observed due to nimotuzumab.Conclusions:
Nimotuzumab combined with standard treatment in
locally advanced/metastatic ESCC improved the
survival rate and achieved a better tumor response
rate without accumulation of toxicity and was well
tolerated.
Proverbs and stylistic devices of Akwasi Ampofo Agyei’s Akan highlife lyrics
Authors: Agyekum Kofi , Amuah Joshua , Arhine Adwoa
Published: January 2021

This paper examines the stylistic features and proverbs in ɔba nyansafo wɔbu no bɛ na wɔnka no asɛm, ‘A wise child is spoken to in proverbs’ a popular Ghanaian highlife song by the late Akwasi Ampofo Agyei. This is an area which is still grey in the study of highlife music. The paper basically adopted qualitative methodology through interviews and recordings. The paper combines the theories of language ideology and ethnomusicology, and looks at the indispensable, didactic and communicative functions of stylistic devices and proverbs in Akan highlife. These tropes as forms of indirection help the musicians to comment on very delicate issues. They depict the musician’s communicative competence in the Akan language, cultural beliefs, worldview and social structures. The paper further reflects on the relative absence of proverbs in current Ghanaian highlife. The stylistic devices and proverbs in the song are subjected to ethnomusicological, stylistic and pragmatic analysis.
Analysis of museum labels description
Authors: Karpiewska Anna , Iwan Dariusz , Szymroszczyk Przemysław , Lenard Ewa , Halama Marek , Pluta Dominika , Dobosz Tadeusz
Published: January 2021

The aim of the study was to analyse the content of museum labels from various periods in terms of their usefulness in creating new labels for exhibits included in museum collections. Nearly 5,000 museum labels from the years 1811 to 2017 were reviewed, for exhibits at the Museum of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, Herbarium of the University of Wroclaw, and the Museum of Forensic Medicine at the Medical University of Wroclaw. On the basis of the collected information, an attempt was made to develop a ‘universal label’template, including a range of necessary information from the point of view of managing and maintaining the accessibility of the relevant collection.
Akademicka „międzynarodówka” kobieca? Solidarność, rywalizacja i samotność w Szwajcarii (1870–1900)
Authors: Bednarczuk Monika
Published: January 2021

An Academic “Internationale” of Women? Solidarity, Rivalry, and Loneliness in Switzerland (1870−1900) This paper examines the experience of the first generations of women studying in Switzerland. The text corpus consists of autobiographical accounts, letters, and fiction by German, Russian, and Polish authors. Among the first female students in Switzerland, there were such figures as Vera Figner, Olga Lubatovich, Franziska Tiburtius, Ricarda Huch, Rosa Luxemburg, Anna Tomaszewicz-Dobrska, Gabriela Iwanowska-Balicka, Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska, and Józefa Joteyko. The paper discusses the issues of (international) female cooperation and solidarity, on the one hand, and, on the other, it highlights the disparity between the self and the world, as well as the efforts to maintain the separateness of the national group.
Polskie Stowarzyszenie Równouprawnienia Kobiet (1907–1914) w świetle relacji autobiograficznych, prasy kobiecej i historiografii feministycznej
Authors: Zawiszewska Agata
Published: January 2021

Polish Association of Equal Rights for Women (1907–1914) in the Light of Autobiographical Relations, Women’s Press and Feminist Historiography The text investigates the history of the Polish Association of Equal Rights for Women (1907–1914) – one of the first legal feminist organisations in the Kingdom of Poland. The Association was the product of ideological and social clashes within the environment of the emancipationists gathered at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries around Paulina Kuczalska-Reinschmit, the leader of Polish suffragettes. The group was organised around the Women’s Labour Circle attached to The Society for Support of Industry and Trade (1894–1905), and then in the informal Polish Union of Equal Rights for Women. In 1907 the suffragettes formed the Union of Equal Rights for Polish Women, and the proponents of the integration of the fight for gender equality and Polish independence established the Polish Association of Equal Rights for Women. The relations between the Union and the Association were characterised by competition for succeeding in being the first to introduce new ideas into the mainstream and good practices inside the organization.
Kobiecość a płeć żeńska. Komediopisarki dwudziestolecia międzywojennego wobec dyskursu emancypacyjnego
Authors: Warońska Joanna
Published: January 2021

Femininity and the Female Gender: Female Comedy Writers of the Interwar Period in Relation to the Emancipation Discourse The article presents an analysis of selected interwar comedies written by women – Marcelina Grabowska, Maria Morozowicz-Szczepkowska, Maria Pawlikowska- -Jasnorzewska and Magdalena Samozwaniec – and dealing with issues related to the emancipation discourse: motherhood, abortion, shaping a new female role model, and relationships in women’s groups. The heroines of those plays, increasingly liberated and self-aware, demanded the rights traditionally assigned to men, while trying to free themselves from widespread stereotypes. The authors of the dramatic works used various comedic techniques and traditions: satirical, ludic, or Young Poland’s “black comedy.” Comedy influenced the construction of the depicted world and its individual elements as well as the linguistic forms. The amusing heroines became negative characters, going beyond the limits of femininity accepted by the society or postulated by the authors, and their awkwardness evoked compassion in the audience or revealed the malfunctioning of social institutions.
Wspólnoty kobiet w pisarstwie i życiu Anny Kowalskiej
Authors: Kraskowska Ewa
Published: January 2021

Women’s Communities in the Writing and Life of Anna Kowalska The article is devoted to the writing and biography of Anna Kowalska. The first part discusses the shared home of Maria Dąbrowska and Anna Kowalska, in which women hired as housekeepers played a vital role. Then the article briefly analyses Kowalska’s novel Safona (Sappho), which depicts the aging Greek female poet surrounded by her young protégées. The main focus is, however, on the novel Gruce (The Gruca family), co-published in 1936 by Anna Kowalska and her husband, Jerzy Kowalski. The novel was heavily revised by Kowalska and reprinted in 1961, and then in 1968. One of the side motifs of this vast work explores a women’s agricultural cooperative in a village near Lviv in the second half of the 1930s. The utopian projects of feminism and cooperativism are criticised here, while the entire novel fits in the “dark” formula of psychological and social (“populist” in the language of the era) realism, characteristic of that decade.
Druga płeć awangardy? O książce Płeć awangardy
Authors: Skurtys Jakub
Published: January 2021

Other Gender of Avant-Garde? On the Book Płeć awangardy The book Płeć awangardy [Gender of the Avant-Garde] is the first attempt of this kind at a comprehensive, gender-oriented presentation of the avant-garde tradition in Polish literary studies. The review of the volume starts with an outline of its place in the worldwide humanities, especially in the face of the increasingly dynamic development of women’s studies on the avant-garde. Individual texts are slightly different from the editorial introduction and its assumptions: a materialistic attempt to reclaim and reestablish feminism in the heart of the avant-garde. Thus, they are presented as a result of a meeting of several methodological schools with clear patronages at the University of Silesia: art historians, literary historians, literary critics, representatives of men’s studies, women’s studies, feminism and gender studies. Despite the political background of many of them, connected with avant-garde ideas of social and aesthetic emancipation, it is easy to see how far their dictionaries have diverged from each other and how difficult it is now to meet and establish a common understanding of basic concepts such as avant-garde, sex/gender or even political engagement.
Od natury do kultury… i z powrotem? O książce Biopolityka męskości
Authors: Tomala Krystian Maciej
Published: January 2021

From Nature to Culture… and Back? On the Book Biopolityka męskości The paper is a review of the co-authorship book entitled Biopolityka męskości [Biopolitics of Manhood]. The author notices that this scientific monograph locates the Polish masculinities studies on the new field of biopolitics, immunisation and tanatopolitics, giving a hope to elaborate an alternative methodology of studies on literature and culture of this range. The author appreciates researchers’ achievements and suggests a few contexts expanding their reflections. Both the prior conference and subjective publication, in author’s opinion, open the new chapter of the Polish men’s studies.
Eurowybory 2019 w polskiej agendzie medialnej. Strategie komunikacyjne redakcji wybranych telewizyjnych programów informacyjnych na Twitterze
Authors: Adamik-Szysiak Małgorzata
Published: January 2021

European election of 2019 on the Polish media agenda. Editorial communication strategies of selected TV news programs on Twitter The article presents the results of empirical research regarding the use of the main nationwide television news programs by the potential of the Twitter micro-blog in terms of publicizing the election campaign to the European Parliament in 2019. The main research questions concerned the degree of interest of the editors of public television programs (“Wiadomości” TVP1) and commercial television (“Fakty” TVN) in European elections and the manner in which the campaigns of individual political entities were publicized. The results of the research allowed not only to identify and analyze the communication strategies used by the both editorial boards, but also to deduce about their degree of political bias during the campaign.
Zarządzanie jakością w dziennikarskich procesach pracy
Authors: Chyliński Marek
Published: January 2021

Quality management in journalistic work processes The subject of the analysis is the sphere of media economization and specifically the problem of quality in journalism. The article tries to show that quality assurance in journalism is a task not only for authors, editorial teams, media companies, it is a social issue. The aim of the article is to indicate the most important dimensions and criteria of quality and to build a theoretical interpretation of quality management adequate to the work of journalists and the functioning of media organizations. The author suggests that the crisis of responsible journalism coincided with the crisis of democracy observed in all media models. In Polish scientific discourse, the subject of quality in journalism is almost absent. This lack is not compensated by considerations devoted to professionalism, professional culture, and even more so to deontology of journalism. The presented article attempts to include the issue of quality in the economic theory of media, indicating areas in which high-quality journalistic products or services create value that increases the competitive advantage.
Risk Profile of Polish Enterprises in the Media Sector Listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange
Authors: Bąk Sylwia
Published: January 2021

Risk management currently determines the probability of survival and development of enterpris­es. The main aim of this article is to attempt to map the risk profile of Polish companies in the me­dia sector listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) based on the categorization of risk fac­tors identified by them. Empirical research was carried out on a sample of 15 companies listed on this Stock Exchange. The goal of empirical research was achieved through triangulation of re­search methods and techniques. The main method used in the research procedure was content anal­ysis of source documents of the examined group of enterprises, mainly: annual reports (financial statements, management board reports), capital adequacy reports and other information published mandatory by WSE listed entities. The logical classification method and the comparative method in the closed comparison variant were also used. The main research findings indicate that the risk pro­file of the enterprises studied shows characteristics specific to the media sector that they represent.
Wpływ COVID-19 na nastawienie i credit ratingi krajów
Authors: Chodnicka-Jaworska Patrycja
Published: January 2021

Covid-19 Impact on Countires’ Outlooks and Credit Ratings The aim of the study is to examine the impact of the financial crisis caused by COVID-19 on chang­es in outlooks and credit ratings of major rating agencies. The research hypothesis was as follows: the financial crisis caused by COVID-19 negatively affected the change in outlooks and credit ratings of countries. The study used long-term and short-term credit ratings and outlooks collected from the Thomson Reuters / Refinitiv database regarding liabilities expressed in foreign currency and macroeconomic data from the International Monetary Fund databases, for 2010–2021. The analysis was carried out using ordered logit panel models. The presented results showed a weak significant im­pact of the COVID-19 pandemic on credit rating. The agency that changed its notes in connection with this situation is Standard & Poor’s (S&P). However, the attitude responded to the situation un­der investigation. During the crisis, country ratings have become less sensitive to growing debt, which may be dictated by widespread loosening of fiscal policy. The rate of GDP growth has a par­ticular impact during the COVID-19 period in the event of a change of outlook. Rising inflation is particularly dangerous in the age of pandemics. It may be related to monetary policy easing.
Rodzina z dzieckiem niepełnosprawnym w systemie pomocy społecznej i wsparcia społecznego
Authors: Maj Elżbieta A. , Maj Natalia
Published: January 2021

Families with Disabled Childreninthe Welfare and Social SupportSystem The research problem discussed in the article concerns the legal protection family with disabled children in the welfare and social support system. Due to the nature of the subject, the analysed has covered selected national acts mainly in the area of the welfare system in general terms. The presented conclusions are based on the resultsof the analyticalstudies of selected acts, such as:the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2 April 1997, the Charter of the Rights of the Disabled Persons of 1 August 1997, the Social Welfare Act of 12 March 2004, the Act on family benefits of 28 November 2003, the Mental Health Protection Act of 19 August 1994, Act of 27 August 1997 on the vocational and social rehabilitation and employment of people with disabilities and others.
Społeczno-prawna sytuacja dziecka w Polsce w XXI w. – formy dyskryminacji małoletnich i sposoby rozwiązywania konfliktów z ich udziałem
Authors: Cholewa Kacper
Published: January 2021

The Socio-legal Situation of Children in Poland in the 21st Century. Discrimination of Minors and Methods of Resolving Conflicts Involving them The issue of protection of rights of minors became of interest to both doctrines and practitioners already in the 1900s. The purpose of the article is to offer a socio-legal analysis of the situation of children in Poland in the 21st century. This subject seems to be particularly topical given the fact that aging society has increasing appreciation for its national treasure young children are seeking to ensure the best living conditions possible. Because of the significance of correct child development and the special need to protect the rights of minors, one should look at their actual situation, including during pending court proceedings, divorce cases and peer conflicts, which have a major impact on children’s psychological development and perception of their function in society.
The Municipal Council in the Polish Local Government Structure: Selected Aspects
Authors: Kmak Małgorzata
Published: January 2021

The article presents selected aspects being a consequence of the evolution of local government in Poland. The main attention is focused on the presentation of the structure and competences of the municipal council, in the context of systemic changes of local government. The article is of a review nature character and its aim is to diagnose organisational solutions concerning the municipal council in Poland. The main premise of the article implies that the process of evaluation of the structure and functioning of the municipal council is conditioned by involvement of the local residents who experience its influence on their daily lives, including meeting their needs. Decentralisation and participation of local community members in local government structures such as the municipal council or other bodies are key issues in civil society development. The process of local government evolution has not been completed and localgovernment organisation and functionality does not deviate from European standards.
Kształtowanie się społeczeństwa obywatelskiego w Polsce po 1989 roku i jego obecna kondycja
Authors: Jasnosz Karolina
Published: January 2021

The Shaping of Civic Society in Poland after 1989 and its Current State In the article, the author presents the subject of the formation of attitudes and institutions of civil society in the reality of the Polish political transformation that began in 1989. The author focuses on factors influencing the development of Polish society in the context of civic activity and participation. The issues presented refer to the directions of development adopted by the Polish state, which were oriented on improving civil society institutions in the public sphere. They also diagnose the condition of Polish civic participation and activity in the light of political transformation after the fall of communism. The article has been enriched with the results of survey research conducted in May 2020. The survey questionnaire drafted for the purpose was intended to measure the level of involvement of the respondents in public affairs of their local communities. The final section of the article contains conclusions.
Wykorzystanie Twittera w kampanii wyborczej Donalda Trumpa
Authors: Kalinowska-Żeleźnik Anna
Published: January 2021

Use of twitter in the Donald Trump election campaign The article presents the problem of using Twitter as a tool of the so-called “Black PR” used during the election campaign on the example of the presidential campaign of Donald Trump in 2016. An attempt was made to characterize “black PR”, identified ways in which Donald Trump used Twitter in “black PR” activities in the 2016 presidential campaign, and highlighted the Twitter, which turned out to be a tool to gain more support during the elections. The article uses the desk research method, which made it possible to analyse the content of posts posted by Donald Trump on his official Twitter profile.
Polish socialist advertising in 1945–1989: Status and sources of and outlooks for the research
Authors: Perczak Judyta Ewa
Published: January 2021

The widespread conviction that commercial advertisements neither existed nor were actually needed in Poland under socialist rule is quite untrue. Admittedly, they were not identical to Western advertisements of the time or today’s advertising activities, but they fulfilled all advertising functions and were a tool regulating the market that was always poor, creating the socialist consumption model as well as educating people so as to make them implement the said model. The advertising activity in question followed capitalist models as far as possible, but it worked out its own forms, means of expression and theory included in many books and specialist magazines, too. The analysis of the advancement of research on advertising in the PRP, sources being the basis that research and its desired directions is the goal of this article. The study questions asked are: 1. What kind of source documents can studies of advertising in the PRP be based on? 2. What is the current advancement of research on the history of advertising in Poland before 1945? What is the current advancement of research on advertising in the PRP? Which areas of science could use the source documents underlying the research on advertising in the PRP? This article is based on the analysis of various groups of source documents, particularly specialist and scientific literature from the 1945–1989 period, scientific papers on socialist advertising published after 1989 and archival records. This article is an analysis of status of research on advertising dr Judyta Ewa Perczak 128 in the People’s Republic of Poland (PRP), sources used in the said research and directions that it should take. The abundance of sources is pointed out. The said sources are mainly archival ones available from the Archives of New Records in Warsaw (they include, among other things, ‘Rada Programowa Reklamy’ (Advertising Program Council), a file being a part of the ‘Ministerstwo Handlu Wewnętrznego’ (Ministry of Internal Trade) unit; the ‘Ministerstwo Handlu Zagranicznego’ (Ministry of Foreign Trade) unit including files with information about Agpol, a foreign trade business in charge of advertising on international markets; ‘Przedsiębiorstwo Usług Reklamowych „Reklama” w Warszawie, Państwowa Agencja Reklamowa „Reklama” 1971–2004’, records of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers’ Party, those of the Supreme Chamber of Control and many other); the Documentation Department of TVP S.A. and the archives of Polskie Radio S.A. Films, printed matter and advertisements themselves being invaluable research material are also referred to.
Research on the identification of messages contained in the implicatures of advertisements of over-the-counter products sold in pharmacies in Poland
Authors: Śpiewla Krzysztof , Świeca Leszek
Published: January 2021

Reports by institutions monitoring this market show that of over PLN 7 billion spent annually in Poland on advertising, almost half is spent on advertising OTC medicines, medical devices and dietary supplements (Instytut Monitorowania Mediów, 2019). Considering this, and taking into account legal regulations that significantly limit promotion at the point of sale (Art. 93 of the Pharmaceutical Law Act), advertising seems to be the most important tool for stimulating demand for over-the-counter products as well as one a basic source of of the residents of Poland on ailments, their treatment and prevention. The study examined 71 advertisements, including 47 ads for medicines, 10 for medical devices, 12 for dietary supplements and 1 ad for food for special medical purposes. Among the sample, 27% ads contained manipulation in the marketing message. The current tools of market control institutions enable the analysis of explicit claims but not implied messages in advertising. Our analysis shows that this is not enough to protect patients and other market participants from misleading or false advertising. It is absolutely necessary to enhance the control over the advertising of medicines, dietary supplements and medical devices by analysing the implications contained in the advertisements.
Polsat Games – the new approach to a speciality channel
Authors: Ciszek Przemysław
Published: January 2021

Video games have been broadcasted on television for several decades, but gaming programs reached their peak at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. Their popularity dropped significantly when access to the Internet became popular. Game fans thus gained access to information and film material from video games. Polsat Games is another TV channel in Polsat’s rich offer. It deals with the subject of video games with a strong emphasis on e-sport. In addition to broadcasts about games, documentaries and quasi-documentaries as well as anime series are broadcast on it. The channel has launched its own esports league where players play League of Legends. The channel’s viewers are mostly young men, but its viewership results are not impressive. Internet channels on YouTube and Twitch which Polsat Games provides are more popular than the traditional TV channel, transmitting games live and publishing episodes of gaming shows.
New receiving countries and the European ‘mobility laboratory’: integration and family reunification aspirations among Ukrainians in Płock
Authors: White Anne
Published: January 2021

Poland has recently become a country with net immigration, thanks largely to an influx of labour migrants from all over Ukraine. This begs the question of how similar its experiences will be to those of European countries which made the same migration transition in the 20th century. The article explores how recently-arrived Ukrainians experience life in a medium-sized Polish city, Płock, which has itself only recently achieved net international immigration. I argue that one should not overplay Poland’s status as a new receiving country, differentiating it from established receiving countries such as the UK. In fact, there are many parallels between the experiences of migrants in the UK and Poland, primarily linked to 21st century opportunities to establish dynamic transnational migration networks. All receiving countries need to adjust to this unexpected situation. For the Ukrainian factory workers interviewed in this study, its most important aspect is that the majority aspire to bring their families to Poland – just as Polish families rapidly reunited abroad in the aftermath of Poland’s EU accession.
Własność materiałów archiwalnych. Kilka uwag o potrzebie zmian regulacji prawnych
Authors: Niewęgłowski Adrian
Published: January 2021

Ownership of archive materials. Several comments about the need to amend legislation The article presents the problem of ownership relations in the area of archival materials. This issue is not easy, also due to the political transformations that took place in Poland. The author does not believe that a new law on archives should be enacted. Nevertheless, the current law (Law on National Archival Fonds and Archives) requires thorough amendment. In the article, the author tries to indicate which provisions should be changed. These provisions concern various legal issues, not just the fundamental structure of the national archival fonds. The legal regulations related to what happens to archive materials following bankruptcy and liquidation are not less important.
Przepisy regulujące zarządzanie dokumentacją na przedpolu archiwalnym bliższym w sądach powszechnych w Polsce w latach 1985–2019
Authors: Drzewiecka Dorota
Published: January 2021

Provisions regulating documentation management in the archives of courts of general jurisdiction in Poland in the years 1985–2019 In December 2018, Minister of Justice issued an order with instructions on the organization and scope of activities of institutional archives, e.g. in courts of general jurisdiction. It must have been welcomed with enthusiasm because the previous archive instruction came into force in 1985. The changing political system in Poland, a significantly higher level of social awareness on the significance of documentation management, also in courts, and the development of modern technologies made the 30-year old instruction outdated, which started causing considerable problems to archivists employed in court archives. The aim of this article is to review legal and normative acts implemented in the years 1985–2019 which concerned documentation management in institutional archives in courts of general jurisdiction. Due to the variety of cases considered by courts and the fact that these institutions compile documentation in massive numbers, the number of applicable legal acts is also impressive. The author analyses in detail key excerpts from the current archive instruction and Minister of Justice Regulation of 5 March 2004 on storing case files and transferring them to state archives or to be destroyed.
System prawny archiwów hiszpańskich
Authors: Jaśkowska-Józefiak Zuzanna
Published: January 2021

The legal system of the Spanish archives This article presents the legal system of the Spanish archives. Due to the specific nature of Spanish legislation, the article begins with a short introduction characterizing the sources of the Spanish law which regulate the activity of archive facilities. Since certain legal acts introduced back in the 19th century have an impact on statutes and decrees today, the main part of the text is preceded by a short historical analysis discussing legal acts devoted to archiving. The next part of the article analyses applicable nationwide legislation, starting from the Constitution of 1978, which identifies 17 autonomous regions and divides the competences to manage archives between central and regional authorities. Due to the decentralization of the Spanish archive network, the central archive network managed by the state administration and autonomous networks were characterized separately. The text is based on the available source literature and legal acts passed by the central government and autonomous authorities in Spain.
Materiały jednostek wojewódzkiej administracji wyznaniowej w Archiwum Państwowym w Szczecinie jako źródło do dziejów stosunków państwo-Kościół rzymskokatolicki w latach 1945–1989
Authors: Kowalczyk Krzysztof
Published: January 2021

Materials of the regional religious administration units in the Szczecin State Archives as a source on the history of the relations between the state and the Roman Catolic Church between 1945 and 1989 The purpose of the article is to analyse the materials of the Szczecin National Archives created by the regional administration units responsible for religious matters as the sources regarding the history of the relations between the state and the Roman Catholic Church between 1945 and 1989. It defines the group of entities implementing the religious policy at a central and regional level, with a special focus on administration. It analyses the contents of the archival fonds that included materials created by organisational units responsible for religious issues. The following methods were used to address the research problem: a historical method, an institutional & legal method, the system method and case study. The files of the religious administration unit can be found in the Szczecin archives in the following fonds: the Szczecin Regional Office, the Executive Committee of the Regional National Council in Szczecin, Regional Office in Szczecin. The materials from those fonds make it possible to recreate various aspects of the religious policy pursued by the state: hindering the pastoral work and religious education for children and teenagers, limiting the property of the church, attempting to create a rift between the clergymen. They contain important information about the social and political attitudes of priests.