bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dopaminergic and cholinergic modulation of the amygdala is altered in female mice with oestrogen receptor β deprivation
Authors: Kalinowski Daniel , Bogus-Nowakowska Krystyna , Kozłowska Anna , Równiak Maciej
Published: January 2023

The amygdala is modulated by dopaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmission, and this modulation is altered in mood disorders. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the presence/absence of quantitative alterations in the expression of main dopaminergic and cholinergic markers in the amygdala of mice with oestrogen receptor β (ERβ) knock-out which exhibit increased anxiety, using immunohistochemistry and quantitative methods. Such alterations could either contribute to increased anxiety or be a compensatory mechanism for reducing anxiety. The results show that among dopaminergic markers, the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter (DAT) and dopamine D2-like receptor (DA2) is significantly elevated in the amygdala of mice with ERβ deprivation when compared to matched controls, whereas the content of dopamine D1-like receptor (DA1) is not altered by ERβ knock-out. In the case of cholinergic markers, muscarinic acetylcholine type 1 receptor (AChRM1) and alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChRα7) display overexpression while the content of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) remains unchanged. In conclusion, in the amygdala of ERβ knock-out female the dopaminergic and cholinergic signalling is altered, however, to determine the exact role of ERβ in the anxiety-related behaviour further studies are required.
Fabrication and thermoelectric conversion of thermoelectric concrete brick with buried unileg N-type CaMnO3 thermoelectric module inside
Authors: Maneesai Keerati , Khammahong Sunisar , Siripoom Pongsakorn , Phrompet Chaiwat , Sriwong Chaval , Maensiri Santi , Ruttanapun Chesta
Published: January 2023

To investigate the effect of heat loss reduction due to thermal insulator and thermal interface resistance due to multi-layer structure in order to improve the efficiency of a thermoelectric device, a thermoelectric concrete brick was fabricated using a unileg n-type CaMnO3 thermoelectric module inside. CaMnO3 thermoelectric materials were synthesized by starting materials CaCO3 and MnO2 to produce a unileg n-type CaMnO3 module. Thermoelectric concrete brick consisted of two types: I-layer brick (one layer of concrete thermal insulator) and III-layer brick (three layers of different concrete insulators). The occurring temperature difference, electric current and voltage on the CaMnO3 module and thermoelectric concrete brick were measured in closed and open circuits. The temperature difference, thermal distribution, and output voltage when applying constant temperatures of 100, 200 and 400 °C were measured. Computer simulations of the Finite Element Method (FEM) were performed to compare with the experimental results. The trends of the temperature difference and the output voltage from the experimental and computer simulations were in good agreement. The results of the temperature difference during the hotter side temperature of 200 °C exhibited the temperature difference along the vertical direction of the thermoelectric concrete bricks for both types of the III-layer brick of 172 °C and the I-layer brick of 132 °C are larger than that of the CaMnO3 TEG module without using a thermal concrete insulator of 108 °C. The thermoelectric concrete bricks of the III-layer brick type of 27.70 mV displayed output voltage results being higher than those of the I-layer brick of 26.57 mV and the CaMnO3 TEG module without using a thermal concrete insulator of 24.35 mV. Thermoelectric concrete brick of the III-layer brick type displayed higher electric generation power than the I-layer brick and the CaMnO3 TEG module. Additionally, the results exhibited the capability of thermoelectric concrete brick in the III-layer brick model for electric generation power based on the temperature difference. The TEG concrete brick of I-layer concrete covering the series–parallel combination circuit of 120 modules of the unileg n-type CaMnO3 was constructed and then embedded on the outer surface of the furnace. During the maximum hotter side temperature of 580 °C of the concrete brick, the temperature difference between the hotter side and the cooler side of the brick occurred at 365 °C and the maximum output voltage was obtained at 581.7 mV.
Effects of emission trading scheme (ETS) on change rate of carbon emission
Authors: Jung Hail , Song Chang-Keun
Published: January 2023

This paper investigates the effects of Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) adoption on the country-level reduction rate of carbon emission. We first used Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) tests to group countries into three categories: inverse U-shaped and gamma-shaped EKC for decoupled countries, and a positive linear EKC for non-decoupled countries. We then examined the effectiveness of ETS adoption. We found ETS was effective for both post-industrial and pre-industrial economies. Compared to countries that have not adopted ETS, the carbon emission reduction (increment) rate of decoupled (non-decoupled) countries that have adopted ETS is faster (slower). Furthermore, ETS adoption significantly reduces overall carbon emissions per capita compared to other global events, such as oil crises. The results imply that a market-based mechanism is an effective strategy for achieving sustainable development, thus, providing insights for policymakers and governments to design effective carbon neutrality policies to achieve sustainable development.
Recent strategies to develop pH-sensitive injectable hydrogels
Authors: Thambi Thavasyappan , Jung Jae Min , Lee Doo Sung
Published: January 2023

Amphoteric pH-responsive polymers fused with both acidic and basic polymers exhibited sharp pH-swelling behavior in both acidic and basic media.
Highly efficient preparation of cellulose nanocrystals by mechano-enzymatic hydrolysis: a mechanism study
Authors: Zhang Qihong , Chen Ying , Su Weike
Published: January 2023

High selectivity for the conversion from cellulose to cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with avoiding the bulk use of solvent by mechanoenzymatic hydrolysis and a mechanism study.
Regeneration of atomic Ag sites over commercial γ-aluminas by oxidative dispersion of Ag metal particles
Authors: Kubota Hiroe , Mine Shinya , Toyao Takashi , Shimizu Ken-ichi
Published: January 2023

Ag(3 wt%)-loaded γ-Al2O3(Ag/Al2O3) catalysts were prepared using four types of commercially available alumina powders (CTB, PUR, VGL, and CFF).
The origin of anode–electrolyte interfacial passivation in rechargeable Mg-metal batteries
Authors: Zhang Jinlei , Liu Jing , Wang Min , Zhang Zhonghua , Zhou Zhenfang , Chen Xi , Du Aobing , Dong Shanmu , Li Zhenjiang , Li Guicun , Cui Guanglei
Published: January 2023

The formation of H2O molecules competitively solvating Mg-ion solvation structures and their decomposition in electrochemical and/or chemical reaction pathways with inherent H2O ligands result in dendritic and passivated electrodeposition.
Conjugated linoleic acid alleviates glycolipid metabolic disorders by modulating intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in obese rats
Authors: Li Wenbang , Fu Xinyan , Lin Dai , Li Tong , Zhang Nan , Huo Yanzi , Zhu Pingping , Guo Fuchuan , Huang Fang
Published: January 2023

This study explored the effect and mechanism of CLA on glycolipid metabolism, and it was found that CLA may be preferentially used by the intestinal microbiota of the host to promote its health.
Rare earth-based MOFs for photo/electrocatalysis
Authors: Meng Senyao , Li Ge , Wang Ping , He Miao , Sun Xiaohua , Li Zhenxing
Published: January 2023

This review provides current research progress on rare earth MOFs, including synthesis methods and photocatalytic and electrocatalytic applications of rare earth MOFs.
Base-catalyzed stereoselective thiosulfonylation of ynones for the facile synthesis of thio-functionalized vinyl sulfones
Authors: Luo Jinyun , Lin Muze , Xia Dengpeng , Du Guangfen , Cai Zhihua , Dai Bin , He Lin
Published: January 2023

Brønsted base catalyzed thiosulfonylation and trifluoromethylthiosulfonylation of ynones produced thio-functionalized vinyl sulfones in high yields with excellentE-selectivity.
Synthesis and characterization of potential polycyclic energetic materials using bicyclic triazole and azetidine structures as building blocks
Authors: Yang Xin-bo , Jia Chen-hui , Miao Xiang-yan , Li Yu-chuan , Pang Si-ping
Published: January 2023

Exploring the design strategy of new energetic materials is crucial to promote the development of energetic materials.
Compositional dependence of Co- and Mo-supported beta zeolite for selective one-step hydrotreatment of methyl palmitate to produce bio jet fuel range hydrocarbons
Authors: Lee Su-Un , Kim Tae-Wan , Jeong Kwang-Eun , Lee Sungjune , Shin Min Cheol , Kim Chul-Ung
Published: January 2023

For selective one-step hydrotreatment to produce bio jet fuel range hydrocarbons, Co- or/and Mo-supported Beta(25) zeolites with various Co/Mo ratios were investigated in terms of changes in the metal phase and acidic properties.
Effect of regio-specific arylamine substitution on novel π-extended zinc salophen complexes: density functional and time-dependent density functional study on DSSC applications
Authors: Liao Jian-Ming , Chin Yu-Kai , Wu Yu-Ting , Chou Hsien-Hsin
Published: January 2023

A series of π-extended salophen-type Schiff-base zinc(ii) complexes, e.g., zinc-salophen complexes (ZSC), were investigated toward potential applications for dye-sensitized solar cells.
High-performance SiGe anode materials obtained by dealloying a Sr-modified Al–Si–Ge eutectic precursor
Authors: Zhang Huajie , Li Jinfu
Published: January 2023

The Sr-modified SiGe anodes dealloyed from the Al–Si–Ge eutectic ribbons can deliver much higher reversible capacity than the unmodified ones, owing to the higher specific surface area and porosity.
Computed ammonia affinity for evaluating Lewis acidity of organoboronates and organoboronamides
Authors: Tanaka Hideya , Nakamoto Masaaki , Yoshida Hiroto
Published: January 2023

The ammonia affinity can precisely evaluate the Lewis acidity of organoboronic acid derivatives including boronamides and boronates.
Femtosecond laser patterned silicon embedded with gold nanostars as a hybrid SERS substrate for pesticide detection
Authors: Moram Sree Satya Bharati , Byram Chandu , Soma Venugopal Rao
Published: January 2023

We have developed simple and cost-effective hybrid surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates comprising fs laser patterned Si surfaces and chemically prepared gold nanostars for the trace detection of pesticide and dye molecules.
Polarization-induced nanohelixes of organic cocrystals from asymmetric components with dopant-induced chirality inversion
Authors: Chen Jinqiu , Yang Canglei , Ma Shuang , Liu Zhiqi , Xiang Wenxin , Zhang Jing
Published: January 2023

Asymmetrical donor and achiral acceptor self-assembled into helical nanobelts due to electrostatic repulsive interactions arising from asymmetrical packing. In addition, doping improved the twisting probability and altered the chirality preference.
Two birds one stone: β-fluoropyrrolyl-cysteine SNAr chemistry enabling functional porphyrin bioconjugation
Authors: Jin Guo-Qing , Wang Jing-Xiang , Lu Jianhua , Zhang Hang , Yao Yuhang , Ning Yingying , Lu Hua , Gao Song , Zhang Jun-Long
Published: January 2023

This work demonstrates ‘two birds one stone’ β-fluoropyrrolyl-cysteine SNAr chemistry. This methodology not only achieves porphyrin peptide/protein conjugates but also induces attractive porphyrinic photophysical properties to facilitate promising biological applications.
Dendritic sulfonated polyethersulfone nanofiber membrane@LaCoO3 nanowire-based composite solid electrolytes with facilitated ion transport channels for high-performance all-solid-state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Yang Qi , Deng Nanping , Zhao Yixia , Gao Lu , Liu Weicui , Liu Yarong , Cheng Bowen , Kang Weimin
Published: January 2023

This work provides a composite solid electrolyte combining dendritic SPES nanofibers and LaCoO3 nanowires for ASSLIBs. Benefitting from the promotion of electrolytes on rapid ion deposition, the pouch cell possesses excellent cycle performance.
A 3D multifunctional host anode from commercial carbon cloth for lithium metal batteries
Authors: Cheng Fang , Yang Xiaoping , Ka Ou , Wen Lang , Wang Xiaoqu , Lu Wen
Published: January 2023

Commercial carbon cloth (CC) is processed into a 3D host anode (KNCC), which possesses multiple functionalities of superior surface area/porosity, lithiophilicity, and electrocatalysis to enable excellent performance for lithium metal batteries.
A D–A type polymer as an organic cathode material for sodium-based dual-ion batteries with 3.0 V output voltage
Authors: Zhang Jingwei , Liu Haitao , Jia Kangkang , Li Xiaoxue , Liu Xiaorui , Zhu Linna , He Rongxing , Wu Fei
Published: January 2023

Two D–A type polymers for organic cathodes were designed and synthesized for dual-ion batteries. Among them, the full cells assembled by BPyPz and bismuth provides a satisfactory voltage of 3 V.
Cuprous oxide–demethyleneberberine nanospheres for single near-infrared light-triggered photoresponsive-enhanced enzymatic synergistic antibacterial therapy
Authors: Wang Tao , Yang Xiao-Chan , Ding Yong , Zhang Yu-Jiao , Ru Yu-Qing , Tan Jia-Jun , Xu Fang , Gao Wei-Wei , Xia Ya-Mu
Published: January 2023

In this work, novel Cu2O–DMB nanospheres are developed for NIR-enhanced enzymatic synergistic antibacterial therapy. The bactericidal rate is calculated to be as high as 99.4% againstMRSAand 99.8% againstAREC, with a high wound healing efficiency.
A Li-rich strategy towards advanced Mn-doped triphylite cathodes for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Nazarov Eugene E. , Dembitskiy Artem D. , Trussov Ivan A. , Tyablikov Oleg A. , Glazkova Iana S. , Alexey Sobolev V. , Presniakov Igor A. , Mikheev Ivan V. , Morozov Anatolii V. , Nikitina Victoria A. , Abakumov Artem M. , Antipov Evgeny V. , Fedotov Stanislav S.
Published: January 2023

Introduction of additional Li ions into the LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4 crystal structure results in an extended solid solution region of the Li+ de/intercalation process.
Optically driven microtools with an antibody‐immobilised surface for on‐site cell assembly
Authors: Mori Shuntaro , Ito Takumi , Takao Hidekuni , Shimokawa Fusao , Terao Kyohei
Published: January 2023

To enable the accurate reproduction of organs in vitro, and improve drug screening efficiency and regenerative medicine research, it is necessary to assemble cells with single‐cell resolution to form cell clusters. However, a method to assemble such forms has not been developed. In this study, a platform for on‐site cell assembly at the single‐cell level using optically driven microtools in a microfluidic device is developed. The microtool was fabricated by SU‐8 photolithography, and antibodies were immobilised on its surface. The cells were captured by the microtool through the bindings between the antibodies on the microtool and the antigens on the cell membrane. Transmembrane proteins, CD51/61 and CD44 that facilitate cell adhesion, commonly found on the surface of cancer cells were targeted. The microtool containing antibodies for CD51/61 and CD44 proteins was manipulated using optical tweezers to capture HeLa cells placed on a microfluidic device. A comparison of the adhesion rates of different surface treatments showed the superiority of the antibody‐immobilised microtool. The assembly of multiple cells into a cluster by repeating the cell capture process is further demonstrated. The geometry and surface function of the microtool can be modified according to the cell assembly requirements. The platform can be used in regenerative medicine and drug screening to produce cell clusters that closely resemble tissues and organs in vivo.
VPNEP: Detailed characterization of TESS targets around the Northern Ecliptic Pole
Authors: Strassmeier K. G. , Weber M. , Gruner D. , Ilyin I. , Steffen M. , Baratella M. , Järvinen S. , Granzer T. , Barnes S. A. , Carroll T. A. , Mallonn M. , Sablowski D. , Gabor P. , Brown D. , Corbally C. , Franz M.
Published: January 2023

Context.We embarked on a high-resolution optical spectroscopic survey of bright Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) stars around the Northern Ecliptic Pole (NEP), dubbed the Vatican-Potsdam-NEP (VPNEP) survey.

Aims.Our NEP coverage comprises ≈770 square degrees with 1067 stars, of which 352 are bona fide dwarf stars and 715 are giant stars, all cooler than spectral type F0 and brighter thanV= 8m.5. Our aim is to characterize these stars for the benefit of future studies in the community.

Methods.We analyzed the spectra via comparisons with synthetic spectra. Particular line profiles were analyzed by means of eigenprofiles, equivalent widths, and relative emission-line fluxes (when applicable).

Results.TwoR= 200 000 spectra were obtained for each of the dwarf stars with the Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope (VATT) and the Potsdam Echelle Polarimetric and Spectroscopic Instrument (PEPSI), with typically threeR= 55 000 spectra obtained for the giant stars with STELLA and the STELLA Echelle Spectrograph (SES). Combined withV-band magnitudes,GaiaEDR3 parallaxes, and isochrones from the Padova and Trieste Stellar Evolutionary Code, the spectra can be used to obtain radial velocities, effective temperatures, gravities, rotational and turbulence broadenings, stellar masses and ages, and abundances for 27 chemical elements, as well as isotope ratios for lithium and carbon, line bisector spans, convective blue-shifts (when feasible), and levels of magnetic activity from Hα, Hβ, and the Ca IIinfrared triplet. In this initial paper, we discuss our analysis tools and biases, presenting our first results from a pilot sub-sample of 54 stars (27 bona-fide dwarf stars observed with VATT+PEPSI and 27 bona-fide giant stars observed with STELLA+SES) and making all reduced spectra available to the community. We carried out a follow-up error analysis, including systematic biases and standard deviations based on a joint target sample for both facilities, as well as a comparison with external data sources.
La diversité des agents pathogènes respiratoires bovins : faut-il de nouvelles valences vaccinales ?
Authors: Meyer Gilles , Ducatez Mariette , Rancon Camille , Oliva Justine , Salem Elias , Lion Adrien , Gaudino Maria
Published: January 2023

Depuis quelques années, de nouvelles méthodes très performantes de détection des virus et bactéries ont permis d’identifier de nouveaux agents pathogènes potentiellement impliqués dans les bronchopneumonies infectieuses des jeunes bovins. Elles ont aussi confirmé l’importance des co-infections et la complexité des situations sur le terrain, suscitant de nombreuses questions sur les moyens de gestion, notamment la prévention vaccinale. Cet article fait le point sur les connaissances actuelles des agents pathogènes respiratoires mineurs, leurs associations et les conséquences sur la vaccination.
Vacciner les mères et les veaux pour gérer des BPIE : qu’en attendre ?
Authors: Belbis Guillaume
Published: January 2023

La prévention des affections respiratoires des jeunes bovins repose en grande partie sur la vaccination des animaux à risque. Néanmoins certaines limites, liées entre autres choses à l’âge où la vaccination peut être mise en œuvre ou encore le délai d’instauration de l’immunité, sont notées dans certains cheptels où les affections surviennent chez les très jeunes animaux. Depuis quelques années se développe en élevage une vaccination plus large que la vaccination des seuls bovins à risque de maladie respiratoire, avec une vaccination des mères en complément de la vaccination des veaux. Cet article se propose de faire la synthèse sur les effets à en attendre.
Mobilization of science advice by the Canadian federal government to support the COVID-19 pandemic response
Authors: Bhatia Dominika , Allin Sara , Di Ruggiero Erica
Published: January 2023

The procurement and provision of expert-driven, evidence-informed, and independent science advice is integral to timely decision-making during public health emergencies. The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has underscored the need for sound evidence in public health policy and exposed the challenges facing government science advisory mechanisms. This paper is a jurisdictional case study describing (i) the federal science advice bodies and mechanisms for public health in Canada (i.e., the federal science advice “ecosystem”); and (ii) how these bodies and mechanisms have mobilized and evolved to procure expertise and evidence to inform decisions during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. We reviewed publicly accessible Government of Canada documents, technical reports, and peer-reviewed articles available up to December 2021. Canada’s federal landscape of science advisory bodies for public health within the Health Portfolio was largely shaped by Canada’s experiences with the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome and 2009 H1N1 outbreaks. In parallel, Canada has a designated science advisory apparatus that has seen frequent reforms since the early 2000s, with the current Office of the Chief Science Advisor created within the Science Portfolio in 2018. The COVID-19 pandemic has further complicated Canada’s science advice ecosystem, with involvement from departments, expert advisory groups, and partnerships within both the federal Health and Science Portfolios. Although the engagement of federal departments outside the health sector is promising, the COVID-19 experience in Canada supports the need to institutionalize science advisory bodies for public health to improve pandemic preparedness and ensure rapid mobilization of well-coordinated and independent advice in future emergencies. This review also identified pressing areas for further inquiry to strengthen science advice for public health in Canada, including to assess the independence of science advisory actors and the interaction between federal and subnational authorities.
Portable FBAR based E-nose for cold chain real-time bananas shelf time detection
Authors: Wu Chen , Li Jiuyan
Published: January 2023

Being cheap, nondestructive, and easy to use, gas sensors play important roles in the food industry. However, most gas sensors are suitable more for laboratory-quality fast testing rather than for cold-chain continuous and cumulative testing. Also, an ideal electronic nose (E-nose) in a cold chain should be stable to its surroundings and remain highly accurate and portable. In this work, a portable film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR)-based E-nose was built for real-time measurement of banana shelf time. The sensor chamber to contain the portable circuit of the E-nose is as small as a smartphone, and by introducing an air-tight FBAR as a reference, the E-nose can avoid most of the drift caused by surroundings. With the help of porous layer by layer (LBL) coating of the FBAR, the sensitivity of the E-nose is 5 ppm to ethylene and 0.5 ppm to isoamyl acetate and isoamyl butyrate, while the detection range is large enough to cover a relative humidity of 0.8. In this regard, the E-nose can easily discriminate between yellow bananas with green necks and entirely yellow bananas while allowing the bananas to maintain their biological activities in their normal storage state, thereby showing the possibility of real-time shelf time detection. This portable FBAR-based E-nose has a large testing scale, high sensitivity, good humidity tolerance, and low frequency drift to its surroundings, thereby meeting the needs of cold-chain usage.
Pick-up strategies for and electrical characterization of ZnO nanowires with a SEM-based nanomanipulator
Authors: Liu Mei , Kong Lingdi , Su Weilin , Djoulde Aristide , Cheng Kai , Chen Jinbo , Rao Jinjun , Wang Zhiming
Published: January 2023

Because of their unique mechanical and electrical properties, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires are used widely in microscopic and nanoscopic devices and structures, but characterizing them remains challenging. In this paper, two pick-up strategies are proposed for characterizing the electrical properties of ZnO nanowires using SEM equipped with a nanomanipulator. To pick up nanowires efficiently, direct sampling is compared with electrification fusing, and experiments show that direct sampling is more stable while electrification fusing is more efficient. ZnO nanowires have cut-off properties, and good Schottky contact with the tungsten probes was established. In piezoelectric experiments, the maximum piezoelectric voltage generated by an individual ZnO nanowire was 0.07 V, and its impedance decreased with increasing input signal frequency until it became stable. This work offers a technical reference for the pick-up and construction of nanomaterials and nanogeneration technology.
A study on geothermal electricity systems for Tibet geothermal fields considering thermal performance, economic analysis, and CaCO3 scaling
Authors: Yu Hao , Lu Xinli , Ma Fei , Zhang Wei , Liu Jiali , Li Chenchen
Published: January 2023

In this article, thermodynamic performance, economic analysis, and calcite scaling assessment have been completed for each of the investigated geothermal electricity systems for Tibetan geothermal fields. The seven investigated electricity production systems include the organic Rankine cycle (ORC), dual-stage ORC (DSORC), triple-stage ORC (TSORC), single-flash (SF), double-stage flash (DSF), single-flash ORC (SFORC), and double-stage-flash ORC (DSFORC). A selection map for suitable geothermal electricity production systems has been generated. The DSORC and TSORC can generate 20% more net power output than the SF system under low dryness and medium-low temperature conditions. When the geofluid temperature and dryness increase, flash systems (SF, DSF, SFORC, and DSFORC) have better applicability. In the Yambajan geothermal field, the SF system has the highest electricity production cost (EPCSF = 0.056 USD/kWh), while the DSORC system has the lowest cost (EPCDSORC = 0.047 USD/kWh). In the Gulu geothermal field, the DSORC is still the most economical system (EPCDSORC = 0.022 USD/kWh), but the DSFORC becomes the least cost-effective system (EPCDSFORC = 0.027 USD/kWh). The scaling associated with using the ORCs (ORC, DSORC, and TSORC) only occurs at the wellhead with a scaling rate of about 2.30 kg/day. In the case of using the flash systems, CaCO3 also precipitates in the system's components; it is found that the scaling rate associated with using the DSF system has a maximum value, which is around 3.864 kg/day. The results obtained in this study are considered useful for the design and operation of geothermal power industries.
Population trends and the transition to agriculture: Global processes as seen from North America
Authors: Milner George R. , Boldsen Jesper L.
Published: January 2023

Agriculture—specifically an intensification of the production of readily stored food and its distribution—has supported an increase in the global human population throughout the Holocene. Today, with greatly accelerated of growth during recent centuries, we have reached about 8 billion people. Human skeletal and archaeobotanical remains clarify what occurred over several millennia of profound societal and population change in small-scale societies once distributed across the North American midcontinent. Stepwise, not gradual, changes in the move toward an agriculturally based life, as indicated by plant remains, left a demographic signal reflecting age-independent (α2) mortality as estimated from skeletons. Designated the age-independent component of the Siler model, it is tracked through the juvenility index (JI), which is increasingly being used in studies of archaeological skeletons. Usually interpreted as a fertility indicator, the JI is more responsive to age-independent mortality in societies that dominated most of human existence. In the midcontinent, the JI increased as people transitioned to a more intensive form of food production that prominently featured maize. Several centuries later, the JI declined, along with a reversion to a somewhat more diverse diet and a reduction in overall population size. Changes in age-independent mortality coincided with previously recognized increases in intergroup conflict, group movement, and pathogen exposure. Similar rises and falls in JI values have been reported for other parts of the world during the emergence of agricultural systems.
Competing place names
Authors: Rodríguez Yliana V. , Elizaincín Adolfo
Published: January 2023

The ongoing Argentinian claim of sovereignty over the Falklands has impacted its toponymy by assigning the archipelago,
and places within it, different names than those used on the Islands. Place naming phenomena like this one have not received much attention.
To our knowledge, there is no prior research either on place naming in the Falklands within the framework of critical toponomatics or on
ethnography regarding Islanders’ language attitudes. This is a preliminary attempt to do so, by looking into the Spanish place names used in
Argentinian maps but not in local ones. In our analysis, we further resort to in situ interviews, participant observation, and social media
data. Our analysis suggests that these Argentinian toponyms receive neither official nor societal approval by Islanders. We conclude that
Argentinian Spanish names became a point of contention because of the political conflict, leading to a linguistic conflict scenario.
Variable index placement in Gutob from a typological perspective
Authors: Just Erika , Voß Judith
Published: January 2023

In Gutob (Munda, India) S/A indexes can attach to other hosts apart from the verb, unconstrained by syntax. Previous studies have described non-verbal index placement in Gutob as exceptional, establishing verbal indexes as the default. This paper presents the first case study on the placement of Gutob indexes based on corpus data. Our analysis shows that although index placement in Gutob is in fact conditioned by discourse effects, non-verbal clitics cannot be considered particularly exceptional. They are employed to allocate attention to constituents and express engagement with a particular piece of information. In other languages where index placement is similarly flexible, it has been ascribed to the host being in focus. However, we argue although the effects of index placement in Gutob might pertain to what is usually subsumed under this category, other effects like newness, quantification, requested information or negation are not necessarily associated with index placement in Gutob.
Social-ecological System Health in Transfrontier Conservation Areas to Promote the Coexistence Between People and Nature
Authors: Caron A. , Mugabe P. , Bourgeois R. , Delay E. , Bitu F. , Ducrot R. , Fafetine J. , Fynn R. , Guerbois C. , Motsholapheko M. , Daré W. , Mukamuri B. , Nare L. , Figuié M. , Page C. , Giva N.
Published: January 2023

Africa has managed to conserve an exceptional mammal diversity but is also facing an increasing demand for agricultural land to address a booming human population. Conserving natural resources while producing food in natural landscapes is a challenge that requires ecosystem health and social-ecological systems thinking.

A logo of the company Pro SuLi. The logo has several curved arrows.

A logo of the European Union.

A logo of the Research platform; Production and conservation in partnership. The logo has a circle with three spiral divisions.
Supervised learning approaches to modeling pedestal density
Authors: Kit A , Järvinen A E , Frassinetti L , Wiesen S
Published: January 2023

Pedestals are the key to conventional high performance plasma scenarios in tokamaks. However, high fidelity simulations of pedestal plasmas are extremely challenging due to the multiple physical processes and scales that are encompassed by tokamak pedestals. The leading paradigm for predicting the pedestal top pressure is encompassed by EPED-like models. However, EPED does not predict the pedestal top density,

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, but requires it as an input. EUROPED (Saarelma et al 2019 Phys. Plasmas
26 072501) employs simplified models, such as log-linear regression, to constrain

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with tokamak machine control parameters in an EPED-like model. However, these simplified models for

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often show disagreements with experimental observations and do not use all of the available numerical and categorical machine control information. In this work it is observed that using the same input parameters, decision tree ensembles and deep learning models improves the predictive quality of

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by about 23% relative to that obtained with log-linear scaling laws, measured by root mean square error. Including all of the available tokamak machine control parameters, both numerical and categorical, leads to further improvement of about 13%. Finally, predictive quality was tested when including global normalized plasma pressure and effective charge state as inputs, as these parameters are known to impact pedestals. Surprisingly, these parameters lead to only a few percent further improvement of the predictive quality. The corresponding code for this analysis can be found at github.com/fusionby2030/supervised_learning_jetpdb.
Analysis of the opportunities for using energy from renewable sources in Bulgaria
Authors: Zlateva P , Mileva N
Published: January 2023

The article considers and analyses the opportunities for introducing installations for using energy from renewable sources (RS) in Bulgaria. The aim is, through an analysis of the newly built installations, to point out the benefits from the production of energy from RS, obtained by fulfilling the objectives of the requirements of the European Union (EU) directives for the EU member states and the national strategy for energy independence of Bulgaria. It has been ascertained that in 2020, according to the European Directive 2009/28/EU, Bulgaria had to achieve a 16% share of energy from renewable sources in the gross final consumption, which it exceeded by 7.32%, achieving 23.32%. It has also been ascertained that the share of renewable energy in the structure of primary energy in Bulgaria is 23.8%. In 2020, Bulgaria has a share of energy from renewable sources in the gross final energy consumption of 23.32%, which exceeds the mandatory national target by 7.32%. In 2020, Bulgaria achieved an installed capacity of 5 224.7 MW and the gross production of electric energy increased to 4 627.4 GWh, which was more than twice compared to 2009. For the achievement of these capacities, the newly built local installations also contributed in the production of energy from RS for the period 2017-2021 by planning regions in Bulgaria.
Thermal-flow calculations for a thermal waste treatment plant
Authors: Trojan M , Dzierwa P , Kaczmarski K , Taler J , Iliev I
Published: January 2023

Thermal waste treatment plants are an answer to the important problem of waste neutralization on the one hand, while inspiring various emotions in society due to their impact on their planned or existing sites on the other. The primary benefit from incinerating waste is the ability to reuse it as fuel to produce energy. The paper presents thermal calculations that present the performance of the entire thermal waste treatment plant, which depends on the final use of the energy it produces. The equations developed make it possible to monitor the energy flow rate in the various components of the power unit, taking into account losses in the boiler and turbine condenser.
Advanced solutions to improve heat recovery from wastewater in a double heat exchanger
Authors: Alexandru Danca Paul , Al Bayati Amjed , Nastase Ilinca , Sandu Mihnea , Ivanov Martin , Terziev Angel , Mijorsk Sergey
Published: January 2023

Reducing energy consumption and CO2 footprint in existing buildings without requiring extensive construction work is one of the biggest challenges facing the globe today. Although heating contributes for the majority of energy use in buildings, residential hot water demand is also relatively high, particularly when daily usage is high and especially for certain applications. The use of technologies that recover energy from sources other than fossil fuels to heat water has grown crucial, and one such technology involves recovering thermal energy from wastewater. Typically, heat recovery from wastewater is made to collect any remaining energy from the hot drainage water, and this energy is then applied to heat pumps or to warm up incoming cold water. The paper presents numerical simulations using a SST k-ω turbulence model in order to compare a regular geometry of heat exchanger with a helicoidal one. The second one provides a more turbulent flow that allows an intensification of the outer flow, thus allowing the enhancement of the heat transfer from the inner heated flow to the outer flow.
Variable displacement axial-piston pump control by genetic algorithm tuned PID controller
Authors: Mitov A , Slavov Ts , Kralev J , Angelov Il
Published: January 2023

The article present design, optimal tuning and experimental investigation of a multivariable PID controller intended for variable displacement axial-piston pump. The pump is designed for open circuit hydraulic drive systems. The regulation of the displacement volume of the pump is carried out through a proportional spool valve intended for its model. Unlike classic systems in which the valve receives control electrical signals from an analogue electronic amplifier, in this system the proportional valve receives a control signal generated by a specially developed embedded PID control system. The controller is designed on the base of a model obtained by means of system identification. The set of the controller is performed through an optimization procedure based on a genetic algorithm. Experimental studies were carried out with the designed controller on a laboratory test rig. А comparison between the experimental and simulation results is done.
Energy parameters assessment, under scale effect calculation of centrifugal fans with radial blades
Authors: Stanilov Alexander , Ivanov Martin
Published: January 2023

The centrifugal fans with radial blades are used in various industrial energy systems, associated with high dustiness, due to their self-cleaning ability and their reliable operation. Radial fans are used in cement, asphalt industries and various dust collection facilities. The uniqueness of the different working environment and the specifics of each system require the use of a fan, designed for the particular application. Due to the dimensions of the machines, before the fan is produced, it normally goes through model tests. In model studies of rotodynamic fluid machines, differences are sought between the expected parameters from the application of the similarity theory and the obtained energy parameters. These differences are commonly referred to as the scale effect. Estimating the scale effect in model tests leads to the use of energy efficient machines for a given system. These are the one, that give the desired system parameters when operating in the region of maximum efficiency. Thus, the purpose of modeling is to transfer the efficiency obtained for a given mode of operation of the model machine to the prototype. The operation in the optimal mode of the prototype fan leads to energy savings and a reduction in energy costs for a given technological system. In the presented paper are evaluated the differences between expected and obtained parameters that help to realize a model for a centrifugal fan with radial blades. The results of model tests, conducted on two geometrically similar centrifugal fans with radial blades, where the inlet and outlet angles of the impeller are the same (β1=β2=900
), are given. The fan impellers are semi-open type with 12 blades. Each of the impellers is tested in a geometrically similar helical chamber. Model tests have been conducted on a laboratory test-bench, meeting the requirements of AMCA 210 or ISO5801. The test-bench is equipped with the complete measuring equipment, according to the standards used. During the model tests, both the energy parameters of the fans and the parameters of the surrounding environment are measured. The results of the energy tests of the fans are given in the paper, as well as the coefficients concerning the scale effect are determined and analyzed.
Verification of the capacity of lubricating oil cooler system of turbine bearings
Authors: Pitchurov George T , Markov Detelin , Georgiev Emanuil
Published: January 2023

The capacity to cool the lubrication oil of hydraulic turbine bearings by submerged water heat exchangers has been verified. Calculations are done for existing heat exchangers and for retrofit ones. Input data from on-site measurements was used, as well as data for the physical constants. The goal of the study was to prove that the new heat exchangers’ efficiency is not less than that of the existing heat exchangers. The method of analysis elaborated on calculation of convective heat transfer coefficient. This was done for both a forced convection and an inhibited convection setup. It was debated that only the forced convection setup was a factor affecting the difference between both designs.
Methodology for lifetime characteristics assessment of mechanical equipment in nuclear power plants. Ageing management of NPP mechanical equipment
Authors: Dimova G T
Published: January 2023

In the 20s of the twenty-first century many nuclear power plants around the world have reached the final years of their design lifetime. The technical aspects of Plant Life Extension (PLEX) activities involve tests, in addition to the routinely performed ones, of the materials and structures of reactor units, as well as the carrying out operability analyses. In relation to this, the absence of regulatory and methodological basis becomes apparent, in Bulgaria as well. In recent years, new approaches have been adopted for evaluation of lifetime characteristics of components. The algorithm implemented is based on the active mechanism of degradation of the mechanical properties of materials. This paper discusses PLEX stages and corresponding activities. A methodology has been developed to assess the lifetime characteristics of Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) components such as to suit the stages of plant life extension and long-term operation. The methodology consists of: 1) Equipment classification; 2) Identification of the major degradation mechanisms of the mechanical properties of materials; 3) Determining the degradation effects of the mechanical properties of materials; 4) Identification of methods to control degradation effects (ageing); 5) Development of methodologies for evaluation of the ageing effects.
Influence of temperature of return district water on the performance of a backpressure steam turbine installation
Authors: Hristov Kaloyan , Genovski Ivan
Published: January 2023

The district heating systems supply heat to a wide range of consumers. In the heat source of such systems, highly efficient technologies are used for the combined production of electrical and thermal energy mainly based on steam turbine installations with backpressure turbines or turbines with adjustable steam extractions. Combined production leads to a reduction in fuel consumption (fuel saving) compared to the separate production of the two energy products. The fuel saving resulting from cogeneration reduces carbon dioxide emissions. Combined production affects the amount of fuel saved, leading to a reduction in emitted emissions, both the size of the heat load realize to consumers and the temperature of the water that enters from the return pipeline of the district heating systems into the heat source. In backpressure steam turbine installations, the district water is heated by the steam that enters the boiler-condenser, and in steam turbine installations with adjustable steam extraction, it is heated in a district heater by steam extracted from the turbine. The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of the temperature of return district heating water on the performance of a backpressure steam turbine installation for cogeneration.
The 3Rs concept applied in a textile case study
Authors: Angelova Radostina A. , Sofronova Daniela , Hristov Kalin
Published: January 2023

Waste is defined as something useless, an object or substance that is no longer needed. The 3Rs concept (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) is promoted on a worldwide scale for generating a sustainable material-cycle society through efficient application of resources and materials. Our paper discusses the application of the 3Rs concept in the field of textiles and clothing. A case study on the production of a cave suit from already used textiles with different applications is shown. The designed cave suit has been experimentally tested during a cave expedition and has shown very good functionality.
Eco - Industrial parks in Iraq
Authors: Saleem Qamar Jamal , Shammaa A N , Makki Z F
Published: January 2023

The idea of eco-industrial parks developed and became part of the planning process for the industrial city and this came as a reaction to the adverse effects of industry on the environment if this pollution continues, it will negatively affect our lives and future generations. Its importance is highlighted by achieving the principles of sustainable development by realizing the idea of a closed industrial loop in the design of the industrial city and making it self-sufficient as possible in terms of energy consumed to perform industrial operations. In addition to recycling industrial waste and benefiting from it with the idea of product and by-product where the product is considered a by-product (waste industrial) a raw material for another industry. The research paper dealt with the concept of the environmental industrial city. To study is aimed to examine the reality of planning for the industrial cities in Iraq and the environmental industrial cities around the world, and extract the most important solutions and strategies that can be followed in the Iraqi industrial cities to make them environmental industrial cities. Its main goals are embodied in preserving environmental resources and not wasting them to preserve the rights of future generations and Sustainable long-term economic success, in addition to providing a clean environment free of pollution in Iraq. In comparison with the ecological industrial cities around the world and the strategies and objectives of the proposed industrial cities in Iraq, we find: The use of clean energy, reuse of waste resulting from industrial processes, water reuse, and other main principles should be included in the Iraqi industrial cities, in addition, to set up units for treating heavy water and waste and power and purification plants.