bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes in children under 12 months of age undergoing adenotonsillectomy for sleep‐disordered breathing
Authors: Cheng Jeffrey , Elden Lisa
Published: July 2013

Objectives/Hypothesis

To evaluate the incidence, safety, and efficacy of adenotonsillectomy for the treatment of sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in infants 12 months of age and younger.

Study Design

Case series study.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed of pediatric patients, 12 months of age or younger, who underwent adenotonsillectomy between January 1, 2006 and May 18, 2012 at a tertiary‐care children's hospital.

Results

Only 25 patients were identified. Most of the patients were male, with an average age of 10.6 months. All of the patients were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) postoperatively. The average length of stay was 2.7 days (range, 1–9 days). Twelve patients were otherwise healthy infants, whereas 13 had significant comorbid conditions. Adenotonsillectomy was successful in treating OSA/SDB in all of the otherwise healthy patients and less effective in patients who had comorbid conditions (38.5%) (P = .002). Postoperative complications occurred in three of the 12 otherwise healthy patients, and in four of the 13 patients with comorbid conditions.

Conclusions

Adenotonsillectomy in infants under 12 months old is uncommonly performed, but is more effective in treating OSA/SDB in patients who are healthy than in those with comorbid conditions. Postoperative PICU monitoring is recommended given that the risks of postoperative complications in this young age group is high (28%) and often related to perioperative oxygen requirements. Patients should also be counseled about the potential for symptomatic adenoid regrowth, for which revision adenoidectomy may be indicated.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 123:2281–2284, 2013
Airy plasmons: non‐diffracting optical surface waves
Authors: Minovich Alexander E. , Klein Angela E. , Neshev Dragomir N. , Pertsch Thomas , Kivshar Yuri S. , Christodoulides Demetrios N.
Published: July 2013

Airy beams represent an important class of non‐diffracting waves which can be realized on a flat surface. Being generated in the form of surface‐plasmon polaritons, such Airy plasmons demonstrate many remarkable properties: they do not diffract while propagating along parabolic trajectories, and they recover their shape after passing through obstacles. This paper reviews the basic physics of Airy plasmons in both paraxial and non‐paraxial cases, and describes the experimental methods for generation of Airy surface waves on metal surfaces, including a control of their trajectories, as well as the interference of Airy plasmons and hot‐spot generation. Many unusual properties of Airy plasmons can be utilized for useful applications, including plasmonic circuitry and surface tweezers. Picture: Observation of two colliding Airy plasmons.
Use of diffusion‐ordered NMR spectroscopy and HPLC–UV–SPE–NMR to identify undeclared synthetic drugs in medicines illegally sold as phytotherapies
Authors: Silva Lorena M. A. , Filho Elenilson G. A. , Thomasi Sérgio S. , Silva Bianca F. , Ferreira Antonio G. , Venâncio Tiago
Published: July 2013

The informal (and/or illegal) e‐commerce of pharmaceutical formulations causes problems that governmental health agencies find hard to control, one of which concerns formulas sold as natural products. The purpose of this work was to explore the advantages and limitations of DOSY and HPLC–UV–SPE–NMR. These techniques were used to identify the components of a formula illegally marketed in Brazil as an herbal medicine possessing anti‐inflammatory and analgesic properties. DOSY was able to detect the major components present at higher concentrations. Complete characterization was achieved using HPLC–UV–SPE–NMR, and 1D and 2D NMR analyses enabled the identification of known synthetic drugs. These were ranitidine and a mixture of orphenadrine citrate, piroxicam, and dexamethasone, which are co‐formulated in a remedy called Rheumazim that is used to relieve severe pain, but it is prohibited in Brazil because of a lack of sufficient pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic information. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constrained diffusion kurtosis imaging using ternary quartics & MLE
Authors: Ghosh Aurobrata , Milne Tristan , Deriche Rachid
Published: July 2013

Purpose

Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is a recent improvement over diffusion tensor imaging that characterizes tissue by quantifying non‐gaussian diffusion using a 3D fourth‐orderkurtosistensor. DKI needs to consider three constraints to be physically relevant. Further, it can be improved by considering the Rician signal noise model. A DKI estimation method is proposed that considers all three constraints correctly, accounts for the signal noise and incorporates efficient gradient‐based optimization to improve over existing methods.

Methods

The ternary quartic parameterization is utilized to elegantly impose the positivity of the kurtosis tensor implicitly. Sequential quadratic programming with analytical gradients is employed to solve nonlinear constrained optimization efficiently. Finally, a maximum likelihood estimator based on Rician distribution is considered to account for signal noise.

Results

Extensive experiments conducted on synthetic data verify a MATLAB implementation by showing dramatically improved performance in terms of estimation time and quality. Experiments on in vivo cerebral data confirm that in practice the proposed method can obtain improved results.

Conclusion

The proposed ternary quartic‐based approach with a gradient‐based optimization scheme and maximum likelihood estimator for constrained DKI estimation improves considerably on existing DKI methods.Magn Reson Med 71:1581–1591, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multicenter validation of spin‐density projection‐assisted R2‐MRI for the noninvasive measurement of liver iron concentration
Authors: St Pierre Tim G. , El‐Beshlawy Amal , Elalfy Mohsen , Al Jefri Abdullah , Al Zir Kusai , Daar Shahina , Habr Dany , Kriemler‐Krahn Ulrike , Taher Ali
Published: July 2013

Purpose

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based techniques for assessing liver iron concentration (LIC) have been limited by single scanner calibration against biopsy. Here, the calibration of spin‐density projection‐assisted (SDPA) R2‐MRI (FerriScan®) in iron‐overloaded β‐thalassemia patients treated with the iron chelator, deferasirox, for 12 months is validated.

Methods

SDPA R2‐MRI measurements and percutaneous needle liver biopsy samples were obtained from a subgroup of patients (n = 233) from the ESCALATOR trial. Five different makes and models of scanner were used in the study.

Results

LIC, derived from mean of MRI‐ and biopsy‐derived values, ranged from 0.7 to 50.1 mg Fe/g dry weight. Mean fractional differences between SDPA R2‐MRI‐ and biopsy‐measured LIC were not significantly different from zero. They were also not significantly different from zero when categorized for each of the Ishak stages of fibrosis and grades of necroinflammation, for subjects aged 3 to <8 versus ≥8 years, or for each scanner model. Upper and lower 95% limits of agreement between SDPA R2‐MRI and biopsy LIC measurements were 74 and −71%.

Conclusion

The calibration curve appears independent of scanner type, patient age, stage of liver fibrosis, grade of necroinflammation, and use of deferasirox chelation therapy, confirming the clinical usefulness of SDPA R2‐MRI for monitoring iron overload. Magn Reson Med 71:2215–2223, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Knochen aus der Tube
Authors: Kläger Lena
Published: July 2013

Nach Unfällen oder Krankheiten kann der Körper manche Knochendefekte nicht mehr selbst heilen. Eine Paste aus Calciumphosphat‐Nanopartikeln, die mit DNA verknüpft sind, soll Abhilfe schaffen.
Neutronenstreuung in Echtzeit: Was passiert im Festkörper?
Authors: Eckold Götz
Published: July 2013

Zeitaufgelöste Neutronenstreuexperimente liefern Informationen über Nichtgleichgewichtszustände bei Festkörperreaktionen. Mit stroboskopischen Techniken sind Zeitauflösungen bis in den Mikrosekundenbereich möglich.
Unser zweites Genom
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: July 2013

Das kollektive Genom unserer Darmbakterien enthält 150 mal so viele Gene wie unser eigenes, und Genetiker hoffen nun, dort Antworten zu finden, die uns das Humangenom‐Projekt schuldig blieb.
Standard care versus protocol based therapy for new onset Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Mayer‐Hamblett Nicole , Rosenfeld Margaret , Treggiari Miriam M. , Konstan Michael W. , Retsch‐Bogart George , Morgan Wayne , Wagener Jeff , Gibson Ronald L. , Khan Umer , Emerson Julia , Thompson Valeria , Elkin Eric P. , Ramsey Bonnie W. ,   for the EPIC, ESCF Investigators
Published: July 2013

Rationale

The Early Pseudomonal Infection Control (EPIC) randomized trial rigorously evaluated the efficacy of different antibiotic regimens for eradication of newly identified Pseudomonas (Pa) in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Protocol based therapy in the trial was provided based on culture positivity independent of symptoms. It is unclear whether outcomes observed in the clinical trial were different than those that would have been observed with historical standard of care driven more heavily by respiratory symptoms than culture positivity alone. We hypothesized that the incidence of Pa recurrence and hospitalizations would be significantly reduced among trial participants as compared to historical controls whose standard of care preceded the widespread adoption of tobramycin inhalation solution (TIS) as initial eradication therapy at the time of new isolation of Pa.

Methods

Eligibility criteria from the trial were used to derive historical controls from the Epidemiologic Study of CF (ESCF) who received standard of care treatment from 1995 to 1998, before widespread availability of TIS. Pa recurrence and hospitalization outcomes were assessed over a 15‐month time period.

Results

As compared to 100% of the 304 trial participants, only 296/608 (49%) historical controls received antibiotics within an average of 20 weeks after new onset Pa. Pa recurrence occurred among 104/298 (35%) of the trial participants as compared to 295/549 (54%) of historical controls (19% difference, 95% CI: 12%, 26%, P < 0.001). No significant differences in the incidence of hospitalization were observed between cohorts.

Conclusions

Protocol‐based antimicrobial therapy for newly acquired Pa resulted in a lower rate of Pa recurrence but comparable hospitalization rates as compared to a historical control cohort less aggressively treated with antibiotics for new onset Pa. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:943–953. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Protonation‐dependent conformational variability of intrinsically disordered proteins
Authors: Geist Leonhard , Henen Morkos A. , Haiderer Sandra , Schwarz Thomas C. , Kurzbach Dennis , Zawadzka‐Kazimierczuk Anna , Saxena Saurabh , Żerko Szymon , Koźmiński Wiktor , Hinderberger Dariush , Konrat Robert
Published: July 2013

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are characterized by substantial conformational plasticity and undergo rearrangements of the time‐averaged conformational ensemble on changes of environmental conditions (e.g., in ionic strength, pH, molecular crowding). In contrast to stably folded proteins, IDPs often form compact conformations at acidic pH. The biological relevance of this process was, for example, demonstrated by nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the aggregation prone (low pH) state of α‐synuclein. In this study, we report a large‐scale analysis of the pH dependence of disordered proteins using the recently developed meta‐structure approach. The meta‐structure analysis of a large set of IDPs revealed a significant tendency of IDPs to form α‐helical secondary structure elements and to preferentially fold into more compact structures under acidic conditions. The predictive validity of this novel approach was demonstrated with applications to the tumor‐suppressor BASP1 and the transcription factor Tcf4.
The intriguing structure of non‐geometric frames in string theory
Authors: Blumenhagen R. , Deser A. , Plauschinn E. , Rennecke F. , Schmid C.
Published: July 2013

Non‐geometric frames in string theory are related to the geometric ones by certain local O(D,D) transformations, the so‐called β‐transforms. For each such transformation, we show that there exists both a natural field redefinition of the metric and the Kalb‐Ramond two‐form as well as an associated Lie algebroid. We furthermore prove that the all‐order low‐energy effective action of the superstring, written in terms of the redefined fields, can be expressed through differential‐geometric objects of the corresponding Lie algebroid. Thus, the latter provides a natural framework for effective superstring actions in non‐geometric frames. Relations of this new formalism to double field theory and to the description of non‐geometric backgrounds such as T‐folds are discussed as well.
The potential of 1 h refractivity changes from an operational C‐band magnetron‐based radar for numerical weather prediction validation and data assimilation†
Authors: Nicol J. C. , Illingworth A. J. , Bartholomew K.
Published: July 2013

Refractivity changes (ΔN) derived from radar ground clutter returns serve as a proxy for near‐surface humidity changes (1 N unit ≡ 1% relative humidity at 20 °C). Previous studies have indicated that better humidity observations should improve forecasts of convection initiation. A preliminary assessment of the potential of refractivity retrievals from an operational magnetron‐based C‐band radar is presented. The increased phase noise at shorter wavelengths, exacerbated by the unknown position of the target within the 300 m gate, make it difficult to obtain absolute refractivity values, so we consider the information in 1 h changes. These have been derived to a range of 30 km with a spatial resolution of ∼4 km; the consistency of the individual estimates (within each 4 km × 4 km area) indicates that ΔN errors are about 1 N unit, in agreement with in situ observations. Measurements from an instrumented tower on summer days show that the 1 h refractivity changes up to a height of 100 m remain well correlated with near‐surface values. The analysis of refractivity as represented in the operational Met Office Unified Model at 1.5, 4 and 12 km grid lengths demonstrates that, as model resolution increases, the spatial scales of the refractivity structures improve. It is shown that the magnitude of refractivity changes is progressively underestimated at larger grid lengths during summer. However, the daily time series of 1 h refractivity changes reveal that, whereas the radar‐derived values are very well correlated with the in situ observations, the high‐resolution model runs have little skill in getting the right values of ΔN in the right place at the right time. This suggests that the assimilation of these radar refractivity observations could benefit forecasts of the initiation of convection.
High‐resolution prediction of a major convective period over West Africa
Authors: Beucher Florent , Lafore Jean‐Philippe , Karbou Fatima , Roca Rémy
Published: July 2013

In this article, we evaluate the predictions of the French cloud‐resolving model AROME using a set of high‐resolution (5 km) simulations that focus on the well documented African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) period of 23–28 July 2006 over a large domain (0–22°N, 15°W–20°E). The model skill is assessed against independent Global Positioning System observations of precipitable water and in terms of quantitative precipitation forecasts. As the rain‐gauge network is sparse over West Africa, the simulated precipitation fields were compared with data from satellite‐based precipitation products (TRMM‐3B42). We show that initial and boundary conditions significantly improve the AROME forecasts when the large‐scale forcing model (ARPEGE) assimilates surface‐sensitive observations from microwave remote‐sensing sensors over land surface.

The daily mean AROME precipitation shows a spatial distribution in good agreement with the satellite precipitation estimates. The intertropical convergence zone is correctly reproduced in terms of shape and location but its intensity is broadly overestimated by about 25%. The AROME model is shown to be able to reproduce all regimes, from light rain to the biggest Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs). The observations made at the Niamey AMMA supersite allow a detailed evaluation. Near the Niamey AMMA supersite, we show that AROME is able to represent most of the key features of the West African monsoon from the diurnal to synoptic scales. The life cycle of two successive sequences of MCSs associated with an African easterly wave and a deep monsoon burst are well captured by AROME.

Finally, a tracking approach based on the 1 h accumulated precipitation is applied to both Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) satellite estimates and to AROME and ARPEGE forecasts, allowing a good characterization of each MCS and statistics. Contrary to ARPEGE, the AROME MCSs trajectories and lifetimes, and the diurnal cycles of their initiation and dissipation, are in agreement with the GSMaP tracking and previous MCS statistics.
An Integrated Approach for Enhancing the Quality of the Product by Combining Robust Design and Customer Requirements
Authors: Shahriari Hamid , Haji Mehdi Janizade , Eslamipoor Reza
Published: July 2013

Enhancing the quality of the product has always been one considerable concern of production process management, and this subject gave way to implementing so many methods including robust design. In this paper, robust design utilizes response surface methodology (RSM) considering the mean and variance of the response variable regarding system design, parameter design, and tolerance design. In this paper, customer requirements and robust design are regarded simultaneously to achieve enriched quality. Subsequently, with a non‐linear programming, a novel method for integrating RSM and quality function deployment has been proposed to achieve robustness in design. The customer requirements are regarded in every stage of product development process meaning system design, parameter design and tolerance design. To validate the applicability of the proposed approach, it has been implemented in a real case of chemical industry. Research findings show that the proposed method is much better than other existing methods including MSE and dual response methods. According to this method, the resulted mean is better than MSE method, and more importantly, the variance of the process is approximately 14% and 10% lesser than dual response and MSE method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An extensible cheat‐proofing multi‐secret sharing scheme with low computation complexity
Authors: Wu Yinfeng , Huang Liping , Wang Xiao , Yu Ning
Published: July 2013

Secret sharing schemes are widely applied in various areas, and there are series of achievements, among which the verifiable multi‐secret schemes are the most representative ones. A few verifiable multi‐secret schemes own the following drawbacks: insensitive to the differences of security levels, lack of expandability, high computation complexity of verification process, and low efficiency of execution. Addressing the issues, an extensible cheat‐proofing multi‐secret sharing scheme with low computation complexity is proposed. With the security of RSA public key system and discrete logarithm puzzle, the proposed scheme can realize the following functions: first, the secret dealer can set relatively threshold values according to different security levels; second, the participants and secret combiner can verify the secret shares, which can guard against cheating problem, resist various kinds of attacks and improve the success rate of secret reconstruction; in addition, the secret shares are reusable in the situations of new group secret and new participant joining the group, which brings about good expandability. Moreover, compared with the previous schemes, the proposed scheme reduces the information content published by secret dealer and brings down the computation complexity of verification, which makes the efficiency of the scheme greatly improved. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An authentication, authorization, and accounting mechanism for 3G/WLAN networks
Authors: Wu Wei‐Chen , Liaw Horng‐Twu
Published: July 2013

Both computer and telecommunication networks have developed rapidly and become much more popular recently. On the basis of the characteristics of the two networks, we can see that they are complementary. If we can integrate the most popular technologies of these two kinds of networks, the integration will result in a new, attractive network access method. From the viewpoints of both the user and the service provider, the advantages of the integration include increased profits and better support for services. However, the integration of the two heterogeneous networks still presents many problems, the most critical of which concern authentication and billing. In this paper, we propose a practical, efficient, and secure authentication, authorization, and accounting mechanism within the interworking architecture proposed by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and characterization of copper nanoparticles surface‐capped by alkanethiols
Authors: Yang Guangbin , Zhang Zhanming , Zhang Shengmao , Yu Laigui , Zhang Pingyu , Hou Yanchao
Published: July 2013

Cu nanoparticles surface‐capped by alkanethiols were synthesized using ligand exchange method in a two‐phase system. The effects of synthetic conditions, including the pH value of CuSO4 solution, the ratio of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide to CuSO4, and reaction temperature, on the size and shape of as‐synthesized Cu nanoparticles were investigated. As‐synthesized Cu nanoparticles surface‐capped by alkanethiols with different chain lengths (CxS‐Cu) were characterized by means of X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and ultraviolet–visible light spectrometry. The tribological behavior of CxS‐Cu as an additive in liquid paraffin was evaluated with a four‐ball machine. Results indicate that cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide plays an important role in controlling the dispersion of Cu nanoparticles before adding modifier octanethiol into the reaction solution. CxS‐Cu nanoparticles as additive in liquid paraffin possess excellent antiwear and friction‐reduction performance because of the deposition of nano‐Cu with low melting point on worn steel surface leading to the formation of a self‐repairing protective layer thereon. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
H1N1 Was Not All That Scary: Uncertainty and Stressor Appraisals Predict Anxiety Related to a Coming Viral Threat
Authors: Taha Sheena Aislinn , Matheson Kimberly , Anisman Hymie
Published: July 2013

H1N1 reached pandemic proportions in 2009, yet considerable ambivalence was apparent concerning the threat presented and the inclination to be vaccinated. The present investigation assessed several factors, notably appraisals of the threat, intolerance of uncertainty, and familiarity with the virus, that might contribute to reactions to a potential future viral threat. Canadian adults (N = 316) provided with several scenarios regarding viral threats reported moderate feelings of anxiety, irrespective of whether the viral threat was one that was familiar versus one that was entirely unfamiliar to them (H1N1 recurrence, H5N1, a fictitious virus: D3N4). Participants appraised the stressfulness of the threats to be moderate and believed that they would have control in this situation. However, among individuals with high intolerance of uncertainty, the viral threat was accompanied by high levels of anxiety, which was mediated by aspects of appraisals, particularly control and stressfulness. In addition, among those individuals that generally appraised ambiguous life events as being stressful, the viral threat appraisals were accompanied by still greater anxiety. Given the limited response to potential viral threats, these results raise concerns that the public may be hesitant to heed recommendations should another pandemic occur. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Überdachung des kleinen Schlosshofes des Residenzschlosses Dresden
Authors: Kahl Matthias , Mansperger Tobias
Published: July 2013

Mit der Überdachung des kleinen Schlosshofes des Residenzschlosses Dresden entstand ein Foyer als Herzstück der Museumsanlage mit ihren zahlreichen Einzelausstellungen. Mit einer stark gewölbten Gitterschale konnte der Bestand weitestgehend geschont und den besonderen architektonischen Anforderungen in einer äußerst sensiblen Umgebung Rechnung getragen werden. Durch die Verwendung von Folienkissen und deren Luftversorgung durch die Primärkonstruktion wurde ein sehr geringes Flächengewicht erreicht. Mit einem ausgeklügelten Lagerungskonzept konnte die Beanspruchung der zum Teil über 500 Jahre alten Schlossmauern weitestgehend minimiert werden.

The roofing structure of the small courtyard of the Dresden Royal Palace. Roofing the small courtyard of the Dresden Residence Castle, a foyer of the complex of museums comprising of various exhibitions has been created as its centerpiece. A strongly arched lattice shell preserves the existing buildings and fulfills the special architectural requirements in a very sensitive environment. By using ETFE‐foil air panels and providing their air supply through the primary structure, a very light weight per area was achieved and a sophisticated bearing system minimized the load on the partially more than 500 year old walls of the castle.
Reversing bone loss by directing mesenchymal stem cells to bone
Authors: Yao Wei , Guan Min , Jia Junjing , Dai Weiwei , Lay Yu-An E. , Amugongo Sarah , Liu Ruiwu , Olivos David , Saunders Mary , Lam Kit S. , Nolta Jan , Olvera Diana , Ritchie Robert O. , Lane Nancy E.
Published: July 2013

Bone regeneration by systemic transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is problematic due to the inability to control the MSCs' commitment, growth, and differentiation into functional osteoblasts on the bone surface. Our research group has developed a method to direct the MSCs to the bone surface by conjugating a synthetic peptidomimetic ligand (LLP2A) that has high affinity for activated α4β1 integrin on the MSC surface, with a bisphosphonates (alendronate) that has high affinity for bone (LLP2A-Ale), to direct the transplanted MSCs to bone. Our in vitro experiments demonstrated that mobilization of LLP2A-Ale to hydroxyapatite accelerated MSC migration that was associated with an increase in the phosphorylation of Akt kinase and osteoblastogenesis. LLP2A-Ale increased the homing of the transplanted MSCs to bone as well as the osteoblast surface, significantly increased the rate of bone formation and restored both trabecular and cortical bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency or advanced age in mice. These results support LLP2A-Ale as a novel therapeutic option to direct the transplanted MSCs to bone for the treatment of established bone loss related to hormone deficiency and aging.
Mass spectrometry‐driven phosphoproteomics: patterning the systems biology mosaic
Authors: Jünger Martin A. , Aebersold Ruedi
Published: July 2013

Protein phosphorylation is the best‐studied posttranslational modification and plays a role in virtually every biological process. Phosphoproteomics is the analysis of protein phosphorylation on a proteome‐wide scale, and mainly uses the same instrumentation and analogous strategies as conventional mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteomics. Measurements can be performed either in a discovery‐type, also known as shotgun mode, or in a targeted manner which monitors a set of a priori known phosphopeptides, such as members of a signal transduction pathway, across biological samples. Here, we delineate the different experimental levels at which measures can be taken to optimize the scope, reliability, and information content of phosphoproteomic analyses. Various chromatographic and chemical protocols exist to physically enrich phosphopeptides from proteolytic digests of biological samples. Subsequent mass spectrometric analysis revolves around peptide ion fragmentation to generate sequence information and identify the backbone sequence of phosphopeptides as well as the phosphate group attachment site(s), and different modes of fragmentation like collision‐induced dissociation (CID), electron transfer dissociation (ETD), and higher energy collisional dissociation (HCD) have been established for phosphopeptide analysis. Computational tools are important for the identification and quantification of phosphopeptides and mapping of phosphorylation sites, the deposition of large‐scale phosphoproteome datasets in public databases, and the extraction of biologically meaningful information by data mining, integration with other data types, and descriptive or predictive modeling. Finally, we discuss how orthogonal experimental approaches can be employed to validate newly identified phosphorylation sites on a biochemical, mechanistic, and physiological level. WIREs Dev Biol 2014, 3:83–112. doi: 10.1002/wdev.121

This article is categorized under:

Technologies > Analysis of Proteins
A New Iron(II) Complex with Strongly Saddle Shaped Schiff Base like Ligand
Authors: Schlamp Stephan , Thoma Peter , Bauer Tobias , Kempe Rhett , Weber Birgit
Published: July 2013

The synthesis of two new Schiff base like ligands containing a 1, 8‐diaminonaphthalene unit in order to improve π–π interactions between the molecules is described. The corresponding iron(II), copper(II), and nickel(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized using NMR spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, and for the iron(II) complex X‐ray structure analysis. The crystal structure shows a strongly saddle shaped ligand. In contrast to related complexes with a phenylene unit that prefer an octahedral coordination sphere, this complex crystallizes pentacoordinate. The keto‐group of a neighboring complex serves as axial ligand resulting in the formation of infinite chains. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal nearly ideal curie behavior for the copper(II) and the iron(II) complex.
Some theoretical and computational aspects of single‐crystal strain‐gradient plasticity
Authors: Reddy B.D.
Published: July 2013

Variational formulations are constructed for rate‐independent problems in single‐crystal strain‐gradient plasticity. The framework makes use of the flow rule expressed in terms of a dissipation function. The formulation extends to the finite‐deformation context earlier work on this problem. Provision is made for energetic and dissipative microstresses, and a range of defect energies is accounted for. The minimization problem corresponding to the time‐discrete formulation is derived. Two special cases are then treated: first, for the small‐strain problem with energetic microstresses, results on well‐posedness, convergence of finite element approximations, the associated algorithms, and computational examples, are discussed. Secondly, recent computational work on the the related large‐deformation viscoplastic problem, with both energetic and dissipative effects, is presented and discussed for problems involving ensembles of grains.
The formate:oxygen oxidoreductase supercomplex of Escherichia coli aerobic respiratory chain
Authors: Sousa Pedro M.F. , Videira Marco A.M. , Melo Ana M.P.
Published: July 2013

The Escherichia coli formate:oxygen oxidoreductase supercomplex (FdOx) was investigated with respect to function and composition. Formate oxidoreductase activity was detected in blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN‐PAGE) resolved membranes of E. coli, which were also capable of cyanide sensitive formate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity. The latter was compromised in strains devoid of specific oxygen reductases, particularly, in those devoid of cytochrome bo
3 or bdI. A principal component analysis (PCA) integrating E. coli aerobic respiratory chain gene transcription, enzyme activity and growth dynamics was performed, correlating formate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity and the transcription of the genes encoding cytochromes bo3
and bdI, and corroborating previous evidence that associated these complexes in FdOx.
Identification of the recognition sequence and target proteins for DJ‐1 protease
Authors: Mitsugi Hitomi , Niki Takeshi , Takahashi-Niki Kazuko , Tanimura Kyoko , Yoshizawa-Kumagaye Kumiko , Tsunemi Masahiko , Iguchi-Ariga Sanae M.M. , Ariga Hiroyoshi
Published: July 2013

DJ‐1, the product of familial Parkinson's disease gene and an oncogene, is a cysteine protease which plays a role in anti‐oxidative stress reaction. In this study, we identified the recognition sequence for DJ‐1 protease by using recombinant DJ‐1 and a peptide library. Protease activity of DJ‐1 lacking C‐terminal α‐helix (DJ‐1ΔH9) was stronger than that of full‐sized DJ‐1, and the most susceptible sequence digested by DJ‐1ΔH9 was valine–lysine–valine–alanine (VKVA) under the optimal conditions of pH 5.5 and 0 mM NaCl. Divalent ions, especially Cu2+, were inhibitory to DJ‐1's protease activity. c‐abl oncogene 1 product (ABL1) and kinesin family member 1B (KIF1B) containing VKVA were digested by DJ‐1ΔH9.
Retracted: Effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with inotrope‐dependent class IV end‐stage heart failure
Authors: Nakajima Ikutaro , Noda Takashi , Kanzaki Hideaki , Ishibashi Kohei , Miyamoto Koji , Yamada Yuko , Okamura Hideo , Satomi Kazuhiro , Aiba Takeshi , Kamakura Shiro , Anzai Toshihisa , Ishihara Masaharu , Yasuda Satoshi , Ogawa Hisao , Shimizu Wataru
Published: July 2013

Background

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been widely used for the treatment of refractory heart failure (HF). However, the efficacy of CRT is not well established in class IV HF patients on inotropic support.

Methods

Twenty‐six patients (age 55±18 years, 73% men) with inotrope‐dependent HF were reviewed to evaluate the effectiveness of CRT in class IV HF patients on inotropic support.

Results

Intravenous inotropic therapy was administered for 72±56 days before CRT and consisted of dobutamine (n=24; 3.0±1.2 μg kg−1 min−1), dopamine (n=2; 4.5±2.1 μg kg−1 min−1), and/or milrinone (n=16; 0.12±0.09 μg kg−1 min−1). CRT did not produce significant reverse remodeling in eligible patients (left ventricular ejection fraction 23±7% to 25±9%; p=0.23, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter 70±9 mm to 68±9 mm; p=0.14). After CRT device implantation, 13 (50%) patients experienced 1 or more episodes of ventricular tachyarrhythmia or sudden cardiac death. Twenty (77%) patients survived to hospital discharge with weaning from inotropic support (70±70 days after CRT implantation). The 1‐year survival rate was 81%. However, data from long‐term follow‐up showed that 68% of the study patients who attained survival discharge had an HF hospitalization event within the follow‐up period.

Conclusion

CRT did not result in significant reverse remodeling in patients with inotrope‐dependent class IV end‐stage HF. However, it contributed to dramatically improve the cardiovascular outcomes at least in the short‐term period in some patients.
Mathematical and Physical Papers
Authors: Thomson William
Published: July 2013

William Thomson, first Baron Kelvin (1824–1907), is best known for devising the Kelvin scale of absolute temperature and for his work on the first and second laws of thermodynamics, though throughout his 53-year career as a mathematical physicist and engineer at the University of Glasgow he investigated a wide range of scientific questions in areas ranging from geology to transatlantic telegraph cables. The extent of his work is revealed in the six volumes of his Mathematical and Physical Papers, published from 1882 until 1911, consisting of articles that appeared in scientific periodicals from 1841 onwards. Volume 2, published in 1884, includes articles from the period 1853–1856, and puts a special emphasis on the issue of the development of electric telegraphy. Also included is Thomson's Bakerian Lecture on the electro-dynamic qualities of metals.
The Scientific Papers of Sir Charles Wheatstone
Authors: Wheatstone Charles
Published: July 2013

Sir Charles Wheatstone (1802–75) was a shoemaker's son whose fascination with physics led him to become one of the most celebrated scientists and inventors of his time. Apprenticed to his uncle, a musical instrument manufacturer, Wheatstone studied the physics of sound, publishing his first scientific paper in 1823. He was the chief developer of telegraphy, inventing increasingly advanced instruments for transmitting and receiving information. Telegraphy revolutionized communication in the Victorian era, eventually making almost instantaneous global communication possible. This collection of Wheatstone's works, first published in 1879, spans his entire career and includes fully illustrated details of many of his pioneering inventions. His broad-ranging research led to numerous important advances; those in telegraphy and cryptography were still in military use as late as the Second World War. This collection is a valuable source for the history of science, and a fitting tribute to Wheatstone's 'industry and versatility'.
Werke
Authors: Gauss Carl Friedrich
Published: July 2013

The genius of Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) and the novelty of his work (published in Latin, German, and occasionally French) in areas as diverse as number theory, probability and astronomy were already widely acknowledged during his lifetime. But it took another three generations of mathematicians to reveal the true extent of his output as they studied Gauss' extensive unpublished papers and his voluminous correspondence. This posthumous twelve-volume collection of Gauss' complete works, published between 1863 and 1933, marks the culmination of their efforts and provides a fascinating account of one of the great scientific minds of the nineteenth century. Volume 9, which appeared in 1903, supplements the account in Volume 4 of geodesy, triangulation, and the geodesic survey of the Kingdom of Hanover. It includes both published work and previously unpublished notes found among Gauss' papers.
Observations on the Natural Claim of the Mother to the Custody of her Infant Children
Authors: Norton Caroline Sheridan
Published: July 2013

Caroline Norton (1808–77), author and law reform campaigner, was the granddaughter of the playwright Sheridan and soprano Elizabeth Linley. Her disastrous, violent marriage in 1827 to the financially irresponsible Tory MP and barrister George Norton led her to seek escape in writing poetry. Anonymous autobiographical novels followed, exploring women's powerlessness in marriage, together with regular contributions to periodicals such as Macmillan's Magazine. Flamboyant, intelligent and temperamental, she secured her place in literary society, numbering Disraeli and Dickens among her friends. Ever jealous, her husband accused her of adultery with Lord Melbourne, but the case was unproven. In revenge, he refused his wife access to their sons, and it was this act which led to her determined campaign to improve the rights of women in marriage and divorce. This work, first published anonymously in 1837, was instrumental in the subsequent passing of the Custody of Infants Act (1839).
Fragmens de géologie et de climatologie Asiatiques
Authors: Humboldt Alexander von
Published: July 2013

Prussian explorer Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859) was one of the most respected scientists of his day, influencing the work of Darwin. He is considered the founder of physical geography, climatology, ecology and oceanography. In 1829, the Russian government invited Humboldt to visit the gold and platinum mines in the Urals. As he studied the mountains' mineral wealth, he was the first to predict the presence of diamonds. During six months, his epic 10,000-mile expedition took him as far as the Altai Mountains and the Chinese frontier. Humboldt's observations on the geography, volcanic geology and meteorology of Central Asia, being then a largely unexplored territory, were acknowledged as pioneering contributions. The results of his journey also provided much of the data used in part of his great work Kosmos. The second volume of this book, published in 1831, deals with the hydrology and climatology of Central Asia.
The History of Sumatra
Authors: Marsden William
Published: July 2013

William Marsden (1754–1836) spent his youth working for the East India Company in Sumatra, arriving at sixteen and returning to seek new opportunities in England at twenty-five. Through his acquaintance with Sir Joseph Banks, and his interest in oriental studies, which later led to his admittance to the Royal Society, Marsden was inspired to write an account of the island. His history was first published in 1783. Throughout his subsequent life he combined research and writing, especially on oriental languages and numismatics, and he was also First Secretary to the Admiralty at the time of the Battle of Trafalgar. Displaying a profound understanding of the local flora, fauna, history and people, Marsden provides an important account of a little-known part of Indonesia. Illustrated with botanical drawings, maps and local scenes, the third edition of 1811 is reissued here.
Griechische Geschichte
Authors: Beloch Julius
Published: July 2013

Educated at Palermo, Rome and Heidelberg, the classical and economic historian Karl Julius Beloch (1845–1929) lived most of his life in Italy, becoming a professor extraordinarius of ancient history at the University of Rome in 1879. German scholars, notably Theodor Mommsen, criticised Beloch's work for his scepticism towards traditional material and his more subjective approach. In addition to important work on ancient demography, he produced this controversial yet influential opus, revised and published in four volumes between 1912 and 1927, in which he questions conventional views on Greek history. Each volume in its first part outlines historical events and in the second part goes into greater detail, emphasising Beloch's unique perspective. In this first part of Volume 1, Beloch explains and critically comments on historical methodology before outlining Greek history from its origins to the formation of the Persian Empire.
Grammatik der Oskisch-Umbrischen Dialekte
Authors: Planta Robert von
Published: July 2013

With the publication in 1892–7 of this two-volume work, Swiss philologist Robert von Planta (1864–1937) cemented his reputation as one of the leading authorities on Indo-European grammar. After studying in his home country and Germany, he made his living as an independent researcher. He was also active in the movement against Italian irredentism and defended in writing the rights of the Swiss-German population. This work is an exhaustive account of the history and development of Osco-Umbrian phonology and syntax, adding to Mommsen's earlier contributions in the field. Volume 1 is dedicated to an overview of Osco-Umbrian phonology and stands as testimony to the development of phonological studies in the decade prior to its publication. With great diligence the author guides the reader through the history of the ancient populations of Italy and the different types of dialect found in the Osco-Umbrian area.
General Musical Instruction
Authors: Marx Adolf Bernhard
Published: July 2013

Adolf Bernhard Marx (1795–1866) was an influential music theorist, critic, composer and pedagogue. He believed that music should be part of everyone's general education and lobbied the Prussian government for a comprehensive national music-education scheme. This English translation by George Macirone of Marx's 1839 Allgemeine Musiklehre was published in 1854 as the first work in the series Novello's Library for the Diffusion of Musical Knowledge. The series, described by the publisher as 'a collection of standard treatises on the art of music written by the most esteemed English and foreign masters', was devised in response to a growing demand for training books and manuals to support domestic music-making. It also included Berlioz's famous treatise on instrumentation (also reissued in this series). Marx's work covers the basic elements of music theory, musical instruments, compositional techniques, forms of music, performance advice, and the importance of musical education in general.
Talks about Wireless
Authors: Lodge Oliver
Published: July 2013

In the 1860s, radio waves were predicted by James Clerk Maxwell in his work on electromagnetism. It took a further twenty years for the first experiments to produce a working demonstration. In this guide to radio technology, first published in 1925, eminent physicist Sir Oliver Lodge (1851–1940) provides a concise history of the development of the wireless radio, explains the theory behind it, and includes some practical tips for amateurs. Having lived through and contributed to the discovery, he explains the difficulty of the early experiments, which took place in a time when terms like 'frequency' and 'inductance', now taken for granted, did not exist in the scientific vocabulary. His first-hand account reveals the incredible efforts poured into the development of a revolutionary modern technology, rekindling the sense of wonder that once surrounded this strange new science.
Wissenschaftliche Abhandlungen
Authors: Boltzmann Ludwig
Published: July 2013

The Austrian physicist Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (1844–1906), educated at the University of Vienna, was appointed professor of mathematical physics at the University of Graz in 1869 at the age of only twenty-five. Boltzmann did important work in the fields of statistical mechanics and statistical thermodynamics; for instance, he contributed to the kinetic theory concerned with molecular speeds in gas. Boltzmann also promoted atomic theory, which at the time was still highly controversial. He was a member of the Imperial Austrian Academy of Sciences from 1885 and became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1888. This three-volume work, prepared in 1909 by the physicist Fritz Hasenöhrl, one of Boltzmann's students, comprises all his academic publications from 1865 to 1905. Volume 1 contains papers from 1865 to 1874, including work on the movement of electricity, the theory of heat, and atoms in gases.
Wissenschaftliche Abhandlungen
Authors: Boltzmann Ludwig
Published: July 2013

The Austrian physicist Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (1844–1906), educated at the University of Vienna, was appointed professor of mathematical physics at the University of Graz in 1869 at the age of only twenty-five. Boltzmann did important work in the fields of statistical mechanics and statistical thermodynamics; for instance, he contributed to the kinetic theory concerned with molecular speeds in gas. Boltzmann also promoted atomic theory, which at the time was still highly controversial. He was a member of the Imperial Austrian Academy of Sciences from 1885 and became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1888. This three-volume work, prepared in 1909 by the physicist Fritz Hasenöhrl, one of Boltzmann's students, comprises all his academic publications from 1865 to 1905. Volume 2 contains work from 1875 to 1881 on the thermal conduction of gases, the mechanic theory of heat and its problems, and the friction of gas.