bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Distal Radial Artery Access versus Proximal Radial Artery Access for Cardiac Procedures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Rehman Mohammad Ebad Ur , Raja Hafsa Arshad Azam , Osama Muhammad , Kakakhail Aisha , Waseem Muhammad Hassan , Mukhlis Muhammad , Abdullah Ali Muhammad , Abideen Zain Ul , Shoaib Muhammad , Din Zahir Ud , Tahir Ammara , Hassan Muhammad Zohaib Ul , Mazhar Usman , Haider Syed Tehseen , Saeed Sajeel , Nashwan Abdulqadir J.
Published: February 2025

Objective: Cardiac catheterization using the distal radial artery access (DRA), at the level of the anatomical snuff box post radial artery bifurcation, may be linked to a lower rate of arterial occlusion and better hemostasis. In this meta-analysis, we compare DRA versus proximal radial artery access (PRA) in cardiac catheterization or angiography. Methods: A detailed literature search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane, Embase and Clinicaltrials.gov from inception till June 2024. Risk ratios (RR) and mean differences (MD) were pooled for categorical and continuous outcomes, respectively. Random effects meta-analysis was undertaken on Revman. Results: Our meta-analyses include 21 randomized controlled trials with 9,539 patients (DRA 4,761, PRA 4,778). DRA significantly reduced 24-hour radial artery occlusion (RAO) rates (RR 0.30, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.40, p ≤ 0.00001), and time to hemostasis (minutes) (MD -44.46, 95% CI -50.64 to -38.92, p < 0.00001), whereas PRA was significantly superior in terms of the puncture success rate (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93 to 0.99, p < 0.01), the crossover rate (RR 2.89, 95% CI 2.02 to 4.15, p < 0.00001, and puncture attempts (MD 0.69, 95% CI 0.37 to 1.00, p = 0.00001). Conclusion: DRA was associated with a lower risk of occlusion and lower time to hemostasis, but required a greater number of puncture attempts and had lower success rate. Further research is required to elucidate the most optimal approach.
Sarcoma of the descending aorta: a case report
Authors: Orazymbetov Yerlan , Aitaliyev Serik , Zhumagaliyev Rassul , Torsykbayev Yermek , Nekrošius Rokas , Velička Linas , Benetis Rimantas
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Primary malignant aortic tumors are rare and diagnosis can be difficult due to the variety of clinical manifestations. This malignant disease, which originates in the intima or medial layers of the aorta, presents a complex diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. Due to their insidious growth and nonspecific symptoms, they are often diagnosed postmortem.
Case presentation: We present the case of a sarcoma of the descending part of thoracic aorta in a 69-year-old man. The initial symptoms were hypertension crisis, chest pain, shortness of breath and swollen legs. A computed tomography scan of the chest and abdomen revealed an obstructive mass in the thoracic aorta. Treatment consisted of performing a prosthesis of the thoracic aorta and removal of thrombi/tumor masses from the thoracoabdominal aorta and iliac artery on both sides, as well as chemotherapy.
Conclusion: Aortic sarcoma should be recognized as a potential cause of a large thrombus in the aorta. Palliative procedures, including open aortic replacement may also serve as alternative treatment options for aortic sarcoma.
Introduction
Primary malignant aortic tumors are rare and the diagnosis can be challenging due to the variety of clinical manifestations. We report here a rare case of intimal sarcoma that presented as a coarctation-like syndrome. Moreover, we review the literature and discuss the diagnostic approach, treatment options, and prognosis.
Longevity of enamel fluoride reservoirs formed after fluoride application: an in situ study
Authors: Fernandes Juliana K.B. , Del Bel Cury Altair A. , Caldas da Rocha Deborah Rackel , Cury Jaime Aparecido , Tenuta Livia M.A.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Professional fluorides form reaction products on tooth substrates which once dissolved interfere with the caries process. However, the persistence of these reservoirs before the need of a new application is unknown. We investigated in situ the effect of various cariogenic challenges and exposure to fluoride toothpaste on the retention of enamel fluoride reservoirs. Methods: In a blind, 4 period crossover study, 12 participants wore palatal devices containing human enamel slabs previously treated with one application of acidulated phosphate fluoride gel. No biofilm or biofilm accumulation and exposure to 20% sucrose 0, 2 or 8 times/day were tested. Participants used non-fluoridated or fluoridated toothpastes (1,100 mg F/kg) throughout the experimental periods. Slabs were collected after 2, 7, or 14 days to assess remaining alkali-soluble fluoride reservoir concentrations. Results: The loss of the enamel fluoride reservoirs was accelerated either in the absence of biofilm or under biofilms exposed to sucrose 8 times/day (p<0.05). The loss of these reservoirs was reduced by fluoride toothpaste use (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results support a personalized recommendation of the frequency of professional fluoride application based on patients' caries activity, since the cariogenic challenge and exposure to fluoride influence the retention of fluoride reservoirs formed on enamel by professional fluoride application.
The interpretation of magnifying endoscopy for the diagnosis of colorectal lesions
Authors: Yoshida Naohisa , Inoue Ken , Ghoneem Elsayed , Inagaki Yoshikazu , Kobayashi Reo , Iwai Naoto , Dohi Osamu , Hirose Ryohei , Itoh Yoshito
Published: February 2025

Accurate endoscopic diagnosis is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment strategy for colorectal lesions, which may include cold snare polypectomy (CSP), endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). While white light imaging (WLI) serves as the basic and initial method for endoscopic diagnosis, additional techniques such as narrow-band imaging (NBI), blue laser/light imaging (BLI), and magnified observation using pit patterns are necessary when WLI results are inconclusive. These advanced diagnostic methods enable precise identification of lesions such as adenoma, T1 cancer, and sessile serrated lesion (SSL). Furthermore, recent advancements in endoscopic systems have enhanced image clarity and detail, thereby improving diagnostic accuracy. This review provides an in-depth discussion on how magnified endoscopy, utilizing the Japan NBI Expert Team (JNET) classification with NBI/BLI and pit pattern classification with chromoendoscopy, aids in the accurate diagnosis of colorectal lesions.
In Defence of “Serious Actualism”
Authors: Reicher Maria E.
Published: February 2025

In Francesco Berto’s words, the term “Serious Actualism” is used for the position “that any object must exist in every circumstance in which it has any property – the thesis that predication, or the having of properties as such, entails existence.” (“Modal Meinongianism and Fiction: The Best of Three Worlds”, Philosophical Studies 152, 2011, 324f.) Berto agrees with Nathan Salmon that Serious Actualism is “a confused and misguided prejudice” (Salmon, “Nonexistence”, Noûs 32, 1998, 290). The aim of this article is to defend the doctrine of Serious Actualism against this verdict.
Two new diatoms of the genus Gomphosinica from Chumba Yumco, Xizang, China
Authors: XIE SHI-YI , HUANG JI-MIN , ZHENG KUN , GUO JI-SHU , KOCIOLEK JOHN PATRICK , LI YAN-LING
Published: February 2025

This paper describes two new species of the genus Gomphosinica from Chumba Yumco, in the south of Kangma County, Xizang. The detailed morphological descriptions of the two new species, named Gomphosinica kangmaensis sp. nov. and G. chongbayongcuoensis sp. nov., are presented; the descriptions are based on light and scanning electron microscopy. The two species have the morphological characteristics that are typical for the genus Gomphosinica, including the striae composed of 2–3 rows of areolae, a prominent stigma with a round external opening and internal opening with a siliceous hooded structure comprised of many small, round openings, as well as the presence of septa and pseudosepta at the apices. G. kangmaensis sp. nov. and G. chongbayongcuoensis sp. nov. have morphological characteristics that mostly resemble those of G. selincuoensis W. Zhang, Q.M. You & Kociolek and G. lacustris Kociolek, You & Wang, respectively, but they differ from these species in details of the size, shape of valve and central area, the density of striae, the pattern of areolae, the position of apical pore-fields, and the deflection of raphe ends.
Solothrips brevisetis gen. et sp. nov. with a single pair of ocellar setae (Thysanoptera, Thripidae)
Authors: LI SHENLEI , YE FEI , LIN XIAOJUN , CHENG FENGXIAN , WANG ZHAOHONG , TAN JINFANG
Published: February 2025

Among Thripinae the number and position of setal pairs around the ocellar triangle is an important diagnostic characteristic. Solothrips brevisetis gen. et sp. nov. is proposed in this paper for a species of Thripinae with only one pair of ocellar setae, instead of three or two as is usual amongst Thripinae. The intergeneric relationships are discussed based on morphological characters.
Digging out another cryptic species: A new sand frog (Anura: Pyxicephalidae: Tomopterna) from Mozambique
Authors: CHANNING ALAN , PIETERSEN DARREN W. , DAWOOD ABEDA
Published: February 2025

A new species of Tomopterna is described from Banhine National Park, southern Mozambique. It differs from all other sand frogs by an uncorrected p-distance of 4.9–8.7% for 16S rRNA. The new species can be distinguished from all other described species of sand frogs by: males 37 mm SVL or less, undivided subarticular tubercles, more than three phalanges free of webbing on the fourth toe, a continuous glandular ridge below the tympanum, a distinct tympanic membrane, the nostrils closer to the snout tip than the eye, the rounded canthus rostralis, a round tympanum, the absence of an outer metatarsal tubercle, an interrupted inter-orbital bar, small dorsal warts, the absence (or weakness) of vomerine teeth, the solid pigmented throat in mature males, the distinct palmar tubercles, the smooth ventral surface, and barring on the limbs. This description adds a further amphibian to the list of Mozambican frogs, which has increased significantly in recent years.
Cephisus siccifolia (Walker) (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae): description of the immature and adult stages, including genital morphology, with notes on species delimitation challenges in the genus
Authors: DOMAHOVSKI ALEXANDRE CRUZ , ALASMAR LUÍSA , BARÃO KIM RIBEIRO , PALADINI ANDRESSA
Published: February 2025

Aphrophoridae is a worldwide distributed family, most diverse in the tropics and less represented in the Holartic region, including 157 genera and 925 species. The New World genus Cephisus currently comprises eight described species which are strongly homogeneous morphologically but have a considerable degree of intraspecific variation. Cephisus siccifolia is a species of potential economic interest which was recorded as a pest in cultures of Eucalyptus spp. in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Herein we describe and illustrate for the first time, in detail, the male and female genitalia of C. siccifolia as well as the immature stages from specimens collected on Tipuana tipu (Fabaceae) in the state of Paraná, Southern Brazil. A morphometric analysis is presented based on seven morphometric parameters to test measurements that can accurately help discriminate each nymphal stage. We also illustrate genital and general morphologic variations of Cephisus siccifolia and Cephisus spp., including specimens of a wide geographic sample, discussing the impacts of morphologic variation to the taxonomy of the genus and problems in species delimitation.
The hadal benthopelagic Calanoida from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench, North Pacific with the description of a new diaixid genus (Copepoda: Calanoida)
Authors: MARKHASEVA ELENA L. , RENZ JASMIN
Published: February 2025

The new calanoid copepod genus Mixtodiaixis gen. nov., is based on the female and male of its type species, described herein. The specimens were collected in the vicinity of the seabed in the hadal zone of the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench, Pacific Ocean, at depths below 7000 m. Mixtodiaixis kurambiohadalis sp. nov. is a representative of the family Diaixidae distinguished by the mandible gnathobase supplied by 5 teeth and 4 setae, the maxillule praecoxal arthrite with 7 terminal spines, each of the maxilla basal endites armed with two sclerotized and one worm-like sensory setae, and a maxilliped coxal endite that possesses 2 setae. Along with the new diaixid species and genus, 16 representatives of Arietellidae, Tharybidae, Phaennidae, Scolecitrichidae, Aetideidae, Rostrocalanidae and Ryocalanidae were observed in the samples obtained from the hadal of the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench directly above the bottom. In regard to the members of Arietellidae, Diaixidae, Rostrocalanidae, Ryocalanidae and Tharybidae, this is their first record from such a great depths of the World Ocean.
Multi-local analysis supports the transfer of Omolicna fulva to the genus Agoo and establishment of a new species in the genus from Costa Rica
Authors: BARRANTES EDWIN A. BARRANTES , ECHAVARRIA MARCO A. ZUMBADO , BARTLETT CHARLES R. , HELMICK ERICKA E. , BAHDER BRIAN W.
Published: February 2025

Recent survey work in Costa Rica has resulted in the discovery of a series of new species of derbid and cixiid planthoppers associated with palms. Here a new species of Agoo was collected by sweeping palms and is described as Agoo keili sp. nov. Sequence data are generated for the new species and Omolicna fulva for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, 18S rRNA gene and the D9 to D10 expansion region for the 28S rRNA gene to support the placement of the novel taxon in the genus Agoo. Omolicna fulva is transferred to Agoo, as A. fulvus comb. nov.
Rites and Rituals: Margaret Mead at the Intersection of Anthropology and Prayer Book Revision
Authors: Sturdy Michael Christian
Published: February 2025

This essay explores the intersection of anthropological study and Prayer Book revision in the life and work of Margaret Mead, whose work, reach, and religious practice made her a fascinating choice to join the committee reviewing the Baptismal liturgy during the lead up to what would become the 1979 Book of Common Prayer. Mead’s study of rites of passage, her belief that the study of other cultures ought to affect our own, and her participation in Episcopal churches gave her unique insight into the process. At the same time, her desire to escape the strictures of the committee to which she had been assigned prefigured the explosion of various rites and services that would arise in the decades after the release of the 1979 Prayer Book.
A Network Meta-Analysis of Different Psychological Therapies for Death Anxiety in Older Adults
Authors: Lu Jinhong , Yang Youzhuan , Ma Hongchao
Published: February 2025

Objective: The purpose of this research was to assess and contrast the impact of psychosocial therapies on older individuals’ death anxiety and to offer evidence-based recommendations to both older adults and healthcare professionals. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were collected through a thorough search of multiple databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, etc. Review Manager 5.4 was employed to evaluate the caliber of the included studies, and STATA (15.1) was used for data analysis. Results: This study included seven randomized controlled trials with a total of 266 older adults, and the search time ranged from the earliest possible date to July 2024. The results of the Network Meta-Analysis (NMA) showed that the teaching the components of spiritual intelligence therapy significantly reduced death anxiety in the elderly (SUCRA: 99.6%). Conclusion: The network ranking chart showed that the teaching the components of spiritual intelligence therapy as a psychotherapeutic method, had the most superior efficacy in reducing death anxiety in the elderly.
Making God Nice: On the Lectionary Abridgment of the Book of Revelation
Authors: Connell Martin
Published: February 2025

“Making God Nice” takes up how God is depicted differently in the Bible's book of Revelation and in the abbreviations of Revelation in the two three-year lectionaries: the Roman Catholic lectionary ( Ordo Lectionum Missae, 1969) and the Revised Common Lectionary (1993). After presenting how little of the book of Revelation is included in the lectionaries, the article concentrates on how the dark passages of Revelation are muted and only bright passages are proclaimed. After comparing the theologies of canonical Revelation and the lectionaries’ Revelation, the article considers how Christians whose lives are difficult find Revelation attractive and that the skewed theology of the lectionaries’ abridgments narrows the embrace of the Christian church.
How Karma Harms and Helps Generosity Toward Those in Need
Authors: White Cindel J. M. , Willard Aiyana K.
Published: February 2025

Three preregistered cross-cultural studies ( N = 6,049 across India, Singapore, and the United States) tested how belief in karma shapes victim blaming and helping. Study 1 found that belief in karmic causality positively predicts a variety of system-justifying beliefs that legitimate social inequalities, but experimental reminders of karma also encouraged generosity toward others experiencing financial hardship. Studies 2 and 3 tested whether karma framing had different effects on generosity toward different recipients, who varied in their level of need and reason for need. Thinking about karma changed the importance of recipient characteristics, with need being less predictive and external attributions more predictive of giving when thinking about karma. Overall, experimental reminders of karma only reliably increased generosity toward recipients whose financial need was no fault of their own, showing that karmic beliefs draw attention to the reasons for people’s bad fortune, and evoke responses to misfortune that are sensitive to naturalistic explanations.
Use intention and behavior in e-government among rural women: An extension of the UTAUT-2 model
Authors: Duan Yongbiao , Dong Xinyu
Published: February 2025

The promotion of e-government is a vital initiative for enhancing public service delivery, improving administrative efficiency, and advancing the modernization of governance. However, the factors influencing rural women's intention and behavior in using e-government services remain insufficiently understood. This study extends the UTAUT-2 by incorporating perceived security and digital literacy as additional variables. A mixed-methods approach, combining structural equation modeling (SEM) and artificial neural networks (ANN), was employed to identify the key determinants of rural women's intention to engage with e-government services. The results indicate that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, habit, perceived security, and digital literacy significantly affect rural women's intention to use e-government services. The extended UTAUT-2 model explains 78.6% of the variance in their behavioral intention. Furthermore, a strong positive relationship was found between e-government usage intention and actual behavior, with education level also showing a significant positive impact on e-government usage behavior.
Exploring the interaction of alloying elements in modelling T0, Bs and Ms temperatures
Authors: van Bohemen SMC
Published: February 2025

Thermodynamic [Formula: see text] temperatures have been analysed for various Fe systems with additions of C, Mn, Si, Cr, Mo, Ni and Al. The findings indicate that the additivity rule is inadequate to accurately describe [Formula: see text] of ternary and higher order systems. To address this issue, a novel method accounting for the interaction of alloying elements was introduced and validated using 860 data points. The study also explored the interaction of alloying elements in modelling [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] temperatures, but no conclusive evidence was found due to high uncertainty in the experimental data. The models developed based on the additivity rule can accurately describe [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for a wide range of alloying concentrations, demonstrating a significant improvement compared to benchmark models.
Development of a Microsimulation Model to Project the Future Prevalence of Childhood Cancer in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Moskalewicz Alexandra , Gupta Sumit , Nathan Paul C. , Pechlivanoglou Petros
Published: February 2025

Background

Estimates of the future prevalence of childhood cancer are informative for health system planning but are underutilized. We describe the development of a pediatric oncology microsimulation model for prevalence (POSIM-Prev) and illustrate its application to produce projections of incidence, survival, and limited-duration prevalence of childhood cancer in Ontario, Canada, until 2040.

Methods

POSIM-Prev is a population-based, open-cohort, discrete-time microsimulation model. The model population was updated annually from 1970 to 2040 to account for births, deaths, net migration, and incident cases of childhood cancer. Prevalent individuals were followed until death, emigration, or the last year of simulation. Median population-based outcomes with 95% credible intervals (CrIs) were generated using Monte Carlo simulation. The methodology to derive model inputs included generalized additive modeling of cancer incidence, parametric survival modeling, and stochastic population forecasting. Individual-level data from provincial cancer registries for years 1970 to 2019 informed cancer-related model inputs and internal validation.

Results

The number of children (aged 0–14 y) diagnosed with cancer in Ontario is projected to rise from 414 (95% CrI: 353–486) in 2020 to 561 (95% CrI: 481–653) in 2039. The 5-y overall survival rate for 2030–2034 is estimated to reach 90% (95% CrI: 88%–92%). By 2040, 24,088 (95% CrI: 22,764–25,648) individuals with a history of childhood cancer (diagnosed in Ontario or elsewhere) are projected to reside in the province. The model accurately reproduced historical trends in incidence, survival, and prevalence when validated.

Conclusions

The rising incidence and prevalence of childhood cancer will create increased demand for both acute cancer care and long-term follow-up services in Ontario. The POSIM-Prev model can be used to support long-range health system planning and future health technology assessments in jurisdictions that have access to similar model inputs.

Highlights

This article describes the development of a population-based, discrete-time microsimulation model that can simulate incident and prevalent cases of childhood cancer in Ontario, Canada, until 2040. Use of an open cohort framework allowed for estimation of the potential impact of net migration on childhood cancer prevalence. In addition to supporting long-term health system planning, this model can be used in future health technology assessments, by providing a demographic profile of incident and prevalent cases for model conceptualization and budget impact purposes. This modeling framework is adaptable to other jurisdictions and disease areas where individual-level data for incidence and survival are available.
Investigating hyperostosis frontalis interna: a computed tomography analysis and predictive model for Hershkovitz classification
Authors: Mushtaq Raza , Bhandari Anish , Vedantham Srinivasan , Wruble Richard Joseph , Udayasankar Unni , Rogers Samuel N
Published: February 2025

Background

Axial computed tomography (CT) cross-sections offer an accessible model for assessing diverse pathologies associated with hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) based on the Hershkovitz classification.

Purpose

To delineate the CT characteristics of HFI, emphasizing a radiological description using the Hershkovitz classification. It investigated whether the Hershkovitz classification can be predicted using density, a variable unexplored in the literature. HFI thickness and the presence of concurrent hyperostosis beyond the frontal bone (HBFB) were evaluated across varying degrees of the Hershkovitz classification.

Material and Methods

This retrospective study evaluated characteristics of HFI on CT. Each case was assigned a Hershkovitz classification. Density and thickness of the HFI along with the presence of concurrent HBFB were evaluated and correlated with the Hershkovitz classification.

Results

Axial CT of 77 patients with HFI was evaluated. Patient characteristics including sex were uncorrelated with CT measurements ( P > 0.25) and Hershkovitz classification ( P > 0.06). Increasing HFI thickness was associated with a higher Hershkovitz classification (odds ratio [OR] = 1.863, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.452–2.389; P < 0.001), and increasing density of HFI was associated with a lower Hershkovitz classification (OR = 0.995, 95% CI = 0.992–0.998; P = 0.002). Higher Hershkovitz classification was also found to be associated with the presence of concurrent HBFB (OR = 31.694, 95% CI = 6.483–154.938; P < 0.001).

Conclusion

In our cohort, Hershkovitz classification on axial CT correlated with increased HFI thickness, presence of HBFB, and lower HFI density.
Planes, Cranes and Very Tight Spaces
Authors: Tarricone Paul
Published: February 2025

A new hangar lighting system had to navigate around airplanes, a ceiling-mounted crane and other logistical challenges
Risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse, a case-control study in a tertiary hospital in Iran
Authors: Sharifiaghdas Farzaneh , Narouie Behzad , Hanafi Bojd Hamideh , Dadpour Mehdi , Rostaminejad Niloofar , Motevalli Amini Seyed Kasra , Torabinavid Parham , Rouientan Hamidreza , Momeni Hamidreza , Radpour Negar , Matin Mohammad Hassan , Saygin Sara
Published: February 2025

Background:

Pelvic organ descent is a common gynecological disorder called pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Conservative care and surgical repair are women’s primary treatments for pelvic organ prolapse. Modifying risk factors is a crucial keystone to reducing its prevalence.

Methods:

This unmatched case-control study was conducted at a Tehran referral hospital (June 15 to September 10, 2020) and involved 287 participants (139 cases, 148 controls). Structured questionnaires gathered socio-demographic, obstetric, health, and lifestyle data. Analyses encompassed univariate and multivariate logistic regression.

Results:

Among cases, 69 (49.6%) had anterior prolapse, 46 (33.1%) had posterior prolapse, and 24 (17.3%) experienced complete prolapse. The mean age of participants with POP was 62.7 ± 10.7 years compared to 44.5 ± 12.7 years for controls. Risk factors significantly associated with POP included higher BMI (28.01 ± 4.7 vs 26.18 ± 4.6; p = 0.002), gravidity (4.49 ± 2.89 vs 2.18 ± 1.63; p < 0.001), vaginal deliveries (3.60 ± 2.07 vs 1.03 ± 1.57; p < 0.001), prolonged labor (12.2% vs 2.7%; OR: 4.91, 95% CI: 1.61–14.99), and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (30.2% vs 8.8%; OR: 4.49, 95% CI: 2.29–8.83) and hypertension (34.5% vs 6.8%; OR: 7.28, 95% CI: 3.50–15.12). Protective factors included higher education levels and a history of cesarean delivery (mean cesarean count: 0.31 ± 0.72 vs 0.78 ± 0.88; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

This study highlights key risk factors for POP among Iranian women, emphasizing the need for targeted preventive strategies. Public health interventions addressing these factors may reduce the burden of POP in developing regions.
Bad news first—Neuroticism, negative expectations, and preference for negative information
Authors: Fischer Anton , Mueller Erik M.
Published: February 2025

Some people appear to specifically search for bad news, or to prefer negatively valenced information more generally. While preferred intake of negative information may serve to confirm one’s existing negative expectations, it may also contribute to negative affect and neuroticism. Conversely, other people may prefer information that allows learning rather than confirming existing expectations and individual differences in such preferences may be linked to trait openness/intellect. To assess associations between information preferences, negative expectations, neuroticism, and openness/intellect, two studies ( N = 300 and N = 161) were conducted. Participants completed a negative expectation questionnaire and rated whether they would like to read the corresponding articles of 48 presented news-headlines. Headlines were construed to suggest that the valence of the corresponding article would either be negative, positive, or neutral and were presented in negative-neutral or positive-neutral pairs. Ratings were provided on 24 bipolar (Study 1) or 48 unipolar (Study 2) items. In line with assumptions, rating-intercorrelations support the existence of general tendencies to prefer negative versus neutral (and positive vs. neutral) news across different topics. Across studies, the tendency to prefer negative versus neutral news was correlated with both generalized negative expectations and neuroticism. Moreover, negative expectations mediated the relationship between neuroticism and preferring negative news, suggesting that negative information preferences may serve to confirm negative expectations in high neuroticism. In contrast, openness/intellect was linked to higher preferences for any news (Study 2) but particularly headlines that indicated high information gain. These findings provide insights into information preferences and mechanisms for stabilizing expectations in personality.
Unpacking the Association Between Food Insecurity and Mental Health Disorders Among Older Adults
Authors: Chai Lei , Chai Xiangnan
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Previous research shows a negative correlation between food insecurity and mental health, but limited exploration exists among older adults. This study examines this association in Canadian adults aged 65 and older, focusing on the mediating roles of perceived life stress and community belonging, and the moderating role of gender.

Methods

Cross-sectional data from the 2017–2018 Canadian Community Health Survey ( n = 28,044) were analyzed using logistic regression.

Results

The associations between food insecurity and both anxiety and mood disorders were partially mediated by high life stress and low community belonging. The adverse associations of food insecurity, high life stress, and low community belonging with an anxiety disorder were more pronounced in women than in men. Similar patterns were observed for a mood disorder.

Discussion

Interventions should address food insecurity, life stress, and community belonging, with particular attention to the unique challenges faced by older women to improve mental health.
Pathway to sustainable consumption and production: The role of climate-related development finance, digitalization, and financial development on material productivity and energy intensity of developing countries
Authors: Liu Ningning , Borojo Dinkneh Gebre , Yushi Jiang , Liu Xiaojiao
Published: February 2025

Improving material productivity (MP) and energy intensity (EI) is a crucial tool for sustainable consumption and production targets of SDGs. However, the diverse effects of climate-related development finance (CDF), digital infrastructure (DI), and financial development (FD) on MP and EI in developing countries (DCs) remain underexplored. Therefore, employing the method of moments quantile regression (MMQR) approach, this study examines the heterogeneous effects of CDF, DI, and FD on MP and EI across 87 DCs from 2000 to 2020. Also, the effects of CDF and DI on MP and EI are explored, considering the FD heterogeneity. The results imply that CDF, FD, and DI have beneficial effects on MP and energy efficiency (EE). Specifically, DCs with the higher distribution of MP benefit more from CDF and FD, with CDF coefficients rising from 0.004 to 0.019 across quantiles and FD estimates increasing from 0.224 to 0.391 from medium to the higher quantile. Conversely, DCs with lower EI benefit more from CDF and FD, as indicated by the coefficients of CDF and FD, ranging from −0.017 to −0.012 from 20th to 80th quantile and −0.569 to −0.233 from 40th to 60th quantile, respectively. Besides, DCs with higher distribution of MP and EI drive more gain from DI improvement. Besides, the effects of CDF and DI are influenced by variations in FD. These findings have vital implications for developing prudent financial and digitalization policies to promote MP and EE in DCs, congruent with SDG-7.3, SDG-8.4, and SDG-12.2 for improving energy and resource efficiency and management.
Narratives of hope and concern? Examining the impact of climate scientists’ communication on credibility and engagement
Authors: van Eck Christel W. , van der Meer Toni G. L. A.
Published: February 2025

Increasingly, more scientists sound the alarm about climate change, sparking debates over the effects of new science communication strategies on scientific credibility. We investigate what happens when climate scientists deviate from science communication that is principally factual and neutral. In an experiment (US sample, N = 882), we investigated if affective expressions and personal stories impact scientists’ credibility and public climate engagement. The results suggest that when climate scientists incorporate affect or personal anecdotes into their messaging, it does not significantly diminish their credibility. Nevertheless, message consistency is essential; only by aligning the narrative with expressed affect can scientific credibility and climate engagement be increased.
Flame retardant PPE/SEBS composites applied for high strength cable sheath
Authors: Wang Lichun , Jia Xianfeng
Published: February 2025

The halogen-free flame retardant (HFFR) polyphenylene ether (PPE)/styrene-ethylene/butylene–styrene block copolymer (SEBS) composites had been prepared using the melting compounding method by a twin-screw extruder. The thermal stability, flame retardancy, microscopic morphology of carbonaceous char, smoke density and mechanical properties of HFFR PPE/SEBS composites had been investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimeter, limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 (vertical flame) test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), NBS smoke density chamber and ultimate tensile. The research indicated that the flame retardancy and char-forming of PPE/SEBS/aluminium diethylphosphinate (ADEP) composites had been dramatically improved. The more significant expansion of PPE/SEBS composites during combustion was found with the addition of synergistic agent zinc borate (ZB), and which demonstrated a very obvious improvement in flame retardancy. Moreover, due to the addition of synergistic flame retardant ZB, not only the flame retardancy was improved, but also the smoke release was significantly inhibited. The tensile performance test showed the ultimate tensile strength of PPE/SEBS composites maintained a relatively high level, and which can meet the application requirements of PPE-based cable sheath materials with higher strength requirements.
Black Women’s Career Success: Integrating Intersectionality and Career Success Research
Authors: Ferraro Holly Slay , Marrone Jennifer A.
Published: February 2025

Previous research has extensively studied career success, focusing primarily on objective and subjective career success. However, less attention has been given to the career success perceptions of members of marginalized and stigmatized groups whose unique experiences and cultural perspectives may provide new insights into career studies. This paper addresses these gaps by examining the unique experiences and histories of Black women. Drawing on intersectionality and Black feminist epistemology, we develop a conceptual model to understand how Black women perceive career success. Our analysis reveals that Black women navigate gendered racialized career scripts that not only reinforce stereotypes, such as the “angry black woman,” but also present multiple paradoxes, including invisibility and hypervisibility. Black women must also contend with career shocks, including mega-threats such as police violence directed toward Black citizens. We propose that Black women adopt repertoires of identity-aligned behaviors as strategic responses to these challenges, which significantly shape their perceptions of career success. Additionally, we introduce the concept of collective career success defined as self-evaluations by Black women that assess whether their career actions and achievements contribute to the advancement of their group’s interests. Our study contributes to the career success literature by detailing the intersectional challenges, adaptive strategies, and collective career success perceptions of Black women concluding with recommendations for future research and practical implications of our framework.
Associations Between Child and Parent Characteristics and Parenting Stress in Japanese Mothers of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Haneda Ricky , Shimabukuro Shizuka , Daley David , Tripp Gail
Published: February 2025

Objective:

Parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience elevated levels of stress in their parenting role. Understanding what contributes to such stress is important for its management.

Methods:

We assessed associations between child and parent characteristics and parenting stress in Japanese mothers of 6–12-year-old children with ADHD recruited through the community ( n = 51) and hospital child psychiatry/pediatric clinics ( n = 124). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses assessed the extent to which child symptom severity (ADHD and ODD), parenting efficacy, depression, and maternal ADHD symptoms explained variance in both child-domain and parent-domain parenting stress.

Results:

Child symptom severity and maternal depression accounted for significant variance in child-domain parenting stress. Child ODD, parenting efficacy, depression, and maternal ADHD (clinic sample) explained significant variance in parent-domain parenting stress. Exploratory cross-sectional mediational analyses highlight the inter-relatedness of the associations between parenting-efficacy, maternal depression and parent-domain parenting stress. The association between maternal ADHD and parent-domain parenting stress is statistically fully mediated by maternal depression.

Conclusion:

The pattern of associations between child and parent characteristics and parenting stress in Japanese mothers of children with ADHD are consistent with Abidin’s model of parenting stress with implications for clinical management.
Assessment of everyday functioning in Swedish forensic mental health services
Authors: Norrbin Lina , Eriksson Åsa , Crocker Anne G. , Nilsson Thomas
Published: February 2025

Individuals in forensic mental health services (FMHS) commonly exhibit greater cognitive deficits and unmet health needs than those in general psychiatric care. Despite the central role of functional disability in FMHS treatment objectives, the assessment in this domain remains underexplored. This study examines current practices of functional assessment in Swedish FMHS through the combination of a survey and analysis of register data. The survey covered the presence and content of procedure manuals regarding functional assessment and the clinical use of assessment results. Frequency of assessment and relation to individual factors (age, gender, place of birth, psychiatric diagnosis, and history of addiction) and contextual factors (FMHS site, size and security level at the site, and administrated risk assessment) were investigated through statistical analysis of register data. Results indicate significant variability in functional assessment practices across different FMHS sites. Contextual factors such as site and the use of risk assessment instruments demonstrate a positive association with assessment frequency. Functional assessments were primarily used with in-patients, raising concerns about applicability beyond hospital settings and preparation for community re-entry. Despite professionals’ belief in the potential benefits of functional assessment for tailoring interventions, its impact on individual treatment plans was limited. The study underscores the need for improved assessment accuracy and ongoing monitoring of functioning, particularly considering the disparate practices observed across FMHS sites. Moreover, there is a call for national coordination and evidence-based guidelines to enhance functional assessment practices in Swedish FMHS.
Prisoners’ Experiences of Training and Working as a Peer Mental Health Mentor in an Irish Prison
Authors: Doyle Louise , Keogh Brian , Higgins Agnes , Morrissey Jean , Brennan Michael , Holme Ingrid , Reilly Roisin , Carr Ciaran
Published: February 2025

The prevalence of mental health problems is higher in prisoners than for the general population. Increasing numbers of people in prison with mental health problems has meant that many prisons do not have access to appropriate mental health supports to meet the large demand, with long waiting periods for referrals. Peer-based interventions have been recognised as having the potential to contribute to the provision of mental health supports for prisoners. Consequently, a program of peer mentoring (POWER), adopting a recovery orientation to support prisoner mental health was developed by the organisation Suicide or Survive (SOS) in Ireland. This study is an independent evaluation of POWER, utilising a longitudinal qualitative descriptive design. Trainee mentors ( n = 9) in the prison setting were interviewed at commencement, during, and after the 19-month training program to capture their views on becoming a peer mental health mentor. Findings, developed from a thematic analysis, suggest the experience was a positive one, with participants reporting increased self-esteem, hope and personal responsibility. Participants had a thorough understanding of the negative impact that prison can have on mental health and following the training they were confident about their role and ability to work with mentees. This evaluation identified that the availability of peers who have lived experience of being in prison with mental health difficulties provides accessible and user-friendly support for prisoners who are experiencing distress.
To study the nanofiber enhanced composite respiratory masks for higher filtration performance and reusability
Authors: Handa Ashish , Mukhopadhyay Arunangshu
Published: February 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical need for adequate respiratory protection, leading to a surge in non-powered air-purifying respirators (N-PAPRs). It is even relevant for future requirements as, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the pandemic is not yet all over. This paper investigates the development and optimization of composite N95 respirators by incorporating nanofibrous membranes made from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polyvinyldifluoride (PVDF) using the electrospinning technique. The study assesses the impact of areal densities (g/m2) on penetration performance under three different levels of face velocities based on realistic situations. Our findings indicate that despite having a finer diameter and higher surface area of the PVDF nanomembrane, the respirator incorporated with PAN nanofibrous membrane exhibits higher filtration% (ŋ = 96.5% at 0.6 g/m2 and 9 cm/s). It was also found that when the areal density increases, the difference in penetration between PAN and PVDF composites gets marginalized. In contrast, the initial pressure drop was significantly similar in both polymer composites, but as the areal density increases, the pressure drop increases notably. Moreover, an innovative self-decontamination method was introduced utilizing graphene oxide (GO), which leverages light-responsive properties to achieve antibacterial effects through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and localized heating. This dual functionality extends the respirators’ usability while maintaining safety and efficacy. The findings suggest that optimizing the areal density of nanofibrous membranes can significantly enhance respirator performance, addressing the high filtration efficiency, low pressure drop and enhancing the span life of the respirator masks (N95).
Effects of Wound Localisation on Balance, Performance, Muscle Strength, and Gait Speed in Individuals with Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yıldırım Şahan Tezel , Akyüz Simay , Bozkurt Binnaz , Kılınç Buse , Tekin Gözde , Fındık Büşra Nur , Çağlar Derya , Erbay Betül , Yılmaz Kerim Bora
Published: February 2025

Muscle strength, balance, performance, and gait speed of individuals diagnosed with diabetic foot wound are negatively affected. This study aimed to investigate the effects of wound localisation on balance, performance, muscle strength, and gait speed in individuals with diabetic foot wounds. Individuals (n = 48) with a mean age of 59.35 ± 11.28 years and were divided into two groups according to wound localisation as group 1 (n = 24) with forefoot wounds and group 2 (n = 24) with hindfoot wounds. Four Step Square Test was used for dynamic balance assessment, Timed Up and Go Test for performance, Manual Muscle Tests for muscle strength, and 10 Meter Walk Test for gait speed assessment. When compared in terms of muscle strength, there was a difference only between the injured side Gluteus Medius (p = 0.02), Gastrosoleus (p = 0.00), and Tibialis Anterior (p = 0.03) muscles. Other muscle groups strength, balance, performance, and gait speed were similar (p > 0.05). Loss of muscle strength can lead to serious negative consequences such as deformity and new wound formation if not intervened in time. The effects on balance and performance are similar in different wound localizations.
Retrospective Case Series in Patients With Suspected Pelvic Venous Disorder: The Use of Ultrasound in Diagnosis and Treatment of Complex Pelvic Venous Disease
Authors: Anderson Marley , Sommerset Jill , Teso Desarom
Published: February 2025

Pelvic venous disorders encompass a broad range of conditions associated with pelvic venous insufficiency, often presenting in multiparous women as chronic pelvic pain and heaviness, vulvar and lower extremity varicosities, and other symptoms of venous congestion. Differential diagnoses of chronic pelvic pain include dysmenorrhea, pelvic venous disorders, endometriosis, and irritable bowel syndrome. Pathophysiology and treatment can vary significantly in pelvic venous disorder. Duplex imaging is an essential first-line tool in diagnosing and treating pelvic venous disorder. We performed a retrospective review of 3 multiparous female patients with suspected pelvic venous disorder, with an emphasis on the usage of duplex imaging for diagnosis and treatment. The first case involved a 32-year-old female gravida 3 with pelvic pain and varicosities postpartum. Transabdominal ultrasound revealed left ovarian vein reflux with retrograde flow and left renal vein compression. She underwent left ovarian vein embolization with significant improvement in symptoms. The second case involved a 42-year-old female gravida 2 with deep pelvic pressure and pelvic varicosities, symptoms worsening at night. Venography and intravascular ultrasound revealed left common iliac vein compression, left ovarian vein dilation, and left renal vein compression. She underwent left ovarian vein coil embolization, vein stenting, and sclerotherapy, which improved pelvic pain, but left flank pain persisted. She was referred out for surgical intervention. The third case involved a 29-year-old female gravida 4 with severe left pelvic pain around ovulation. Transabdominal ultrasound revealed left ovarian vein reflux with spontaneous retrograde flow, left renal vein compression, and left common iliac vein compression. After further diagnostic imaging, the patient underwent bilateral ovarian vein embolization with some improvement. These 3 cases demonstrate the complexity of pelvic venous disorder and the important role that duplex imaging plays in initial evaluation of patients with suspected pelvic venous disorder.