bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti‐Indianism in Modern America: A Voice from Tatekeya's Earth
Authors: Deloria Vine
Published: November 2004

Anti‐Indianism in Modern America:. Voice from Tatekeya's Earth. Elizabeth Cook‐Lynn. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2001. 225 pp.
Elites: Choice, Leadership and Succession
Authors: Lizaur Marisol Pérez
Published: November 2004

Elites: Choice, Leadership and Succession. Joao De Pina‐Cabral and Antonia Pedroso de Lima. eds. Oxford: Berg Publishers, 2000. 253 pp.
War and Slavery in Sudan
Authors: Brown Margaret Louise
Published: November 2004

War and Slavery in Sudan. Jok Madut Jok. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001. 240 pp.
Anthropological Approaches to Psychological Medicine: Crossing Bridges
Authors: Langness L. L.
Published: November 2004

Anthropological Approaches to Psychological Medicine: Crossing Bridges. Vieda Skultans and John Cox. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2000. 303 pp.
Gender Archaeology
Authors: Brumfiel Elizabeth M.
Published: November 2004

Gender Archaeology. Marie Louise Stig Sørensen. Oxford: Polity, 2000. 236 pp.
African Roots/American Cultures: Africa in the Creation of the Americas.
Authors: Whitten Norman E.
Published: November 2004

African Roots/American Cultures: Africa in the Creation of the Americas. Sheila S. Walker. ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2001. 400 pp.
Getting Language Rights: The Rhetorics of Language Endangerment and Loss
Authors: Errington Joseph
Published: November 2004

Endangerment, loss, death, and related terms are increasingly familiar in descriptions of sociolinguistic change now occurring at an unprecedented scale because of forces of globalization. They can serve both as names for shared concerns of linguists and anthropologists, and as descriptions of otherwise different scenes of social encounter, because they are subject to multiple uses and interpretations. This article focuses on tacit, enabling assumptions of three distinct strategies for framing and redressing "threats" to marginalized languages and speech communities. Recognition of their ideological grounds helps develop a sharper sense of their different uses, and the different social saliences that linguistic descriptions can have in and for marginalized communities. [Keywords: linguistics, ideology, language change]
Three Approaches to the Study of Language and Gender
Authors: McElhinny Bonnie
Published: November 2004

Gender across Languages: The Linguistic Representation of Women and Men. Vol. 2. Marlis Hellinger and Hadumod Bußmann eds. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2002. 348 pp.

Gender Identity and Discourse Analysis. Lia Litosseliti and Jane Sunderland eds. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2002. 335 pp.

Talking Gender and Sexuality. Paul McIlvenny. ed. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2002. 327 pp.
Style and Sociolinguistic Variation.
Authors: Roberts Julie
Published: November 2004

Style and Sociolinguistic Variation. Penelope Eckert and John R. Rickford. eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. 344 pp.
Voyaging through the Contemporary Pacific.
Authors: Kaplan Martha
Published: November 2004

Voyaging through the Contemporary Pacific. David Hanlon and Geoffrey. White. eds. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2000. 456 pp.
Reflections on Relations between Indigenous Peoples and the Canadian State
Authors: ASCH MICHAEL
Published: November 2004

The House of Difference: Cultural Politics and National Identity in Canada. Eva Mackey. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002. 199 pp.

The White Man's Gonna Getcha. Toby Morantz. Mont‐real: McGill‐Queen's University Press, 2002. 370 pp.

Making Native Space: Colonialism, Resistance, and Reserves in British Columbia. Cole Harris. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2002. 425 pp.
In the Company of Diamonds: De Beers, Kleinzee, and the Control of a Town
Authors: FAY DERICK A.
Published: November 2004

In the Company of Diamonds: De Beers, Kleinzee, and the Control of. Town. Peter Carstens. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2001. 258 pp.
Mesoamerican Healers
Authors: GLASS‐COFFIN BONNIE
Published: November 2004

Mesoamerican Healers. Brad R. Huber and Alan R. Sandstrom. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2001. 403 pp.
Buying and Believing: Sri Lankan Advertising and Consumers in a Transnational World
Authors: SPENCER JONATHAN
Published: November 2004

Buying and Believing: Sri Lankan Advertising and Consumers in. Transnational World. Steven Kemper. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001. 263 pp.
Music in Lubavitcher Life
Authors: PORCELLO THOMAS
Published: November 2004

Music in Lubavitcher Life. Ellen Koskoff. Champagne: University of Illinois Press, 2001. 225 pp.
Dynamics of Contention
Authors: BURDICK JOHN
Published: November 2004

Dynamics of Contention. Dou McAdam, Sidney G. Tarrow, and Charles Tilly. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 387 pp.
Chinese Medicine in Conte porary China: Plurality and Synthesis
Authors: HALLIBURTON MURPHY
Published: November 2004

Chinese Medicine in Conte porary China: Plurality and Synthesis. Volker Scheid. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2002. 407 pp.
Clearing a Path: Theorizing the Past in Native American Studies
Authors: WILKINS DAVID E.
Published: November 2004

Clearing. Path:Theorizing the Past in Native American Studies. Nancy Shoemaker, ed. New York: Routledge, 2002. 215 pp.
The Promise of Particularism and the Theology of Culture: Limits and Lessons of “Neo‐Boasianism”
Authors: ORTA ANDREW
Published: November 2004

This article compares the status of “culture” as a politically engaged concept in Franz Boas's time and in our own time. Taking a Boasian approach to “neo‐Boasianism,” I examine the limits of this comparability in order to shed light on the nature of public culture‐talk today and to identify dimensions of the Boasian concept of “culture” particularly relevant to a contemporary anthropology.
Woman's Mysteries, Ancient and Modem.
Authors: McNelly Geraldine
Published: November 2004

M. Esther Harding. Woman's Mysteries, Ancient and Modem. Boston:Shambhala,1990.ISBNO‐87773‐532‐8.Paper,$13.95. Pp. xv+256.
Handmaidens of the Lord: Pentecostal Women Preachers and Traditional Religion
Authors: Sharp Lesley A.
Published: November 2004

Elaine J. Lawless. Handmaidens of the Lord: Pentecostal Women Preachers and Traditional Religion. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1988. ISBN 0812212657. Paper, $18.95. ISBN 0812281004. Hardcover, $41.95. Pp. xx+272.
Mama Lola: A Vodou Priestess in Brooklyn
Authors: Glazier Marijane
Published: November 2004

Karen McCarthy Brown Mama Lola:. Vodou Priestess in Brooklyn Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991. ISBN 0‐520‐07073‐9. Hardcover, $24.95. Pp. x+405.
Completing Distinctions
Authors: Cassidy Claire M.
Published: November 2004

CompUtmg Distinctions. Douglas G. Flemons. Boston and London: Shambhala, 1991. 164 p. $15 (cloth)
Complementarity: A Recursive Revision Appropriate to Human Science
Authors: Sawada Daiyo , Caley Michael
Published: November 2004

While complementarity has been a major force in the epistemology the physical sciences, its role in die human sciences has been metaphorical at best. We argue that this state of affairs is in large measure due to particular way complementarity has been specified: As presently specified, complementarity is incompatible with human science research, and unless it is radically transformed in its articulation, cannot play a major role human science understanding. Based on the idea ofrecursiwty, we present an alternate specification which we suggest is compatible with human science and illustrate our thesis with examples from ecology, interpretation, and human consciousness.
Collective Conscious Experience Across Time
Authors: Randrup Axel A.
Published: November 2004

The notion of collective conscious experience is here seen as an alternative or complement to themore familiar notion of individual conscious experience. Much evidence supports the concept of collective experience in the present. But what about time? Can a conscious experience which, whenregarded as individual, is referred to the past be considered a collectiveexperience extended in both past and present ? My answer is yes, and this answer is supported by evidence about conceptions of time and conscious experience in various cultures, including Western culture and science, and by evidence about the psychological Now. Egoless conscious experience is an alternative to both individual and collective experience; it is often connected with experience of timelessness, andis then unrestricted by time.
Dreaming the Dark Side of the Body: Pain as Transformation in Three Ethnographic Cases
Authors: Emad Mitra C.
Published: November 2004

The body in‐pain has regularly been relegated to "the dark side"of Western biomedicine, academic research, and even everyday life. Following Starhawk's aptly titled resuscitation of "the dark"as a fertile source of spiritual transformation (Dreaming the Dark, 1982), this essay examines the ways in which intractable pain can open up the body to "a new body in the making" —one that engages with pain kinesthetically as well as discursively. This essay explores three ethnographic cases emerging from three different American fieldvvork sites. An Internet mailing list called WITSENDO constitutes the first case; through often daily participation in this electronic mailing list, women suffering from endometriosis co‐create a virtual community that strikingly mitigates their experiences of chronicand intense pain. The shift in how long‐term clients of acupuncture care regard needling is the locus of the second case. Acupuncture treatments in American clinical settings often negotiate an American cultural assumption that needles are painful; this second case documents what happens to patients' "fear" of needles and experiences of pain after regular acupuncture treatments. The third case focuses on adepth interview with an American doula who provides labor support for women primarily in hospital settings, this interview explores the conditions under which American women in labor experience pain and how alternative birth professionals define and conceive of pain during childbirth.

These three ethnographic cases highlight the cultural construction of pain by delving into the ways that pain sufferers and health care practitioners engage with the body‐in‐pain. Such engagements occur in the realm of language ‐ both discursive and kinesthetic language.
decision models of social structure
Authors: QUINN NAOMI
Published: November 2004

Modern studies of social structure focus on the individual as the analytic unit out of which kin groups are composed. They view individual behavior as responsive to self‐interest rather than obedient to societal norms and treat kin‐group composition as a by‐product of individual decisions, based on considerations of self‐interest, to join and leave such groups. Decision models of social structure attempt to develop this orientation into a formal and rigorous approach. Earlier decision models have been concerned with systematic retrieval and exhaustive listing of the decision criteria entering into kin‐group affiliation; more recent models have been concerned with improved prediction of individual affiliation and the kin group patterns which result. These later models fall into three types: “information processing models,” “retrodictive models,” and a “model of cultural principles.” All these models are highly predictive of situations in which individual affiliation is constrained by social norm or economic necessity. However, they cannot predict affiliation choices which are left up to the individual and are made on the basis of subjective evaluation, which varies from individual to individual. Kin‐group affiliation usually involves both constraints and opportunities for subjective evaluation of alternatives.
rethinking Leach's structural analysis of color and instructional categories in traffic control signals1
Authors: GAMST FREDERICK C.
Published: November 2004

This is a critique of Edmund Leach's structural analysis of color and related instructional categories in the railway signals of English‐speaking peoples and in the highway signals which have been derived from them. Leach's analysis of the relationship between culture and nature in terms of the relationship between colored traffic control signals and the spectrum of visible light is not supported by industrial fieldwork or documentary analysis. This critique has important implications for the assessment of French structuralism and other ethnological theory.
choice and strategy in an urban compadrazgo1
Authors: MIDDLETON DEWIGHT R.
Published: November 2004

Compadrazgo is an exhaustively documented institution from a normative and functional perspective, but recent analyses have been invigorated by several investigators trying to develop conceptual frameworks and hypotheses more appropriate to the main currents of contemporary ethnological theory. This study of an urban compadrazgo examines godparent choices (N = 339) with respect to certain social and spatial distance variables and discusses the significance of the findings to recent theoretical developments.
female genital mutilation, fertility control, women's roles, and the patrilineage in modern Sudan: a functional analysis1
Authors: HAYES ROSE OLDFIELD
Published: November 2004

Infibulation, or Pharaonic circumcision, is a widespread practice in Sudan. It involves cutting away most external female genitalia and almost completely closing off the vaginal opening. The custom is analyzed in context and is found to be functionally interrelated with marriage practices, norms of female modesty, women's roles, family honor, and the patrilineage. The custom furnishes critical support to the patrilineage and has a controlling effect on Sudanese fertility and the population growth rate.
patronage, mediators, and the historical context of social organization in Bombay
Authors: MICHAELSON KAREN L.
Published: November 2004

The focus of this discussion is not so much the dynamics of patronage relationships, but an examination of what individual patronage networks can reveal about the social, political, and economic organization of a large city. Details of selected individual social networks in Bombay, India are compared and are combined with a discussion of the historical development of Bombay. The contemporary structure of patronage is viewed in the context of Bombay's growth under the British colonial administration, and both patronage and personal networks are to be understood as part of broader historical social processes.
regional variations in Ainu culture
Authors: OHNUKI‐TIERNEY EMIKO
Published: November 2004

This is a comparison of regional cultural variations between two groups of Ainu. One group represents a more typical hunting‐gathering population; the other has a larger sedentary population which is also based on hunting and gathering. Some of the significant cultural variations may be explained in terms of differences in basic ecological factors.
differential risk strategies as cultural style among farmers in the Lower Chubut Valley, Patagonia1
Authors: WILLIAMS GLYN
Published: November 2004

Individual behavior can be analyzed in terms of utility maximization. In some cases the utility function might consist of profits, while in others the function is more complex and requires a clear understanding of the cultural factors affecting the perception of utility. This paper tries to determine the utility function among Welsh farmers in the Lower Chubut Valley, Argentina. Although the subsistence level of Welsh agriculture inhibits growth and diversification, it also produces attitudes and strategies for maximizing security.
knowledge and power: anthropology, policy research, and the green revolution1
Authors: MILLER FRANK C.
Published: November 2004

The “Green Revolution” would seem to be an ideal topic for research by economic anthropologists and cultural ecologists, yet they have virtually ignored it. A classical example of the hazards in technological solutions to human problems, it has had a great impact, sometimes favorable but more often not, on peasants in some Third World nations. This paper assesses the new technology and associated economic constraints of the “Green Revolution” and criticizes the development strategies that have guided the introduction of the new technology. The sources of the anthropological disinterest are considered, and the potential role of anthropology in technology assessment is discussed.
the Chipewyan hunting unit
Authors: SHARP HENRY S.
Published: November 2004

Canadian Athapaskan societies have proved difficult to analyze and classify because of the apparent lack of corporate features in the band. This apparent lack of band corporateness is in fact an accurate assessment of the ethnographic reality. Within Canadian Athapaskan society a restricted cognatic descent group, here called the hunting unit, exists that functions as a corporate group. The social boundaries of hunting units are not coextensive with those of the band, and what appear to be bands are simply residential aggregations of unallied hunting units.
reproduction, ritual, and power
Authors: ZELMAN ELIZABETH CROUCH
Published: November 2004

In a cross‐cultural study, female pollution‐avoidance ritual and male ritual associated with the female reproductive cycle are viewed as devices for maximizing and minimizing, respectively, sex differences. Ritual differences can be accounted for by regularly occurring differences in nonritual phenomena. These nonritual phenomena, in turn, are interrelated: females tend to share power and prestige with males in simply organized societies where females contribute significantly to subsistence and males contribute to child care.
meaning and context: a study of contextual shifts in meaning of Maasai personality descriptors
Authors: KIRK LORRAINE , BURTON MICHAEL
Published: November 2004

This paper deals with the dynamics of personality perception in an age‐graded social system. Utilizing marking theory, tests of judged similarities, multidimensional scaling, and Maasai ethnography, we examine differential patterns of personality trait organization across age and sex contrasts.
Illness categories and action strategies in a Tarascan town
Authors: YOUNG JAMES C.
Published: November 2004

A set of Mexican folk illness terms is examined using cluster analysis. The distinctions that best explain the resulting illness categories are found to be also among the most important considerations involved in the formulation of strategies for preventing and alleviating illness. The “hot‐cold” distinction is found to be less important than has been assumed in accounting for the classification.
a structural analysis of proverbs in a Sicilian village
Authors: GIOVANNINI MAUREEN J.
Published: November 2004

Proverbs are shown to be important sources of cultural meaning in spite of their redundancy and contradictions. To uncover the cultural concepts encoded in proverb form a structural analysis that goes beyond surface level meaning is proposed. This approach is illustrated by applying a modified version of Lévi‐Strauss's model of myth analysis to 192 Sicilian proverbs. The importance of ethnographic context in interpreting the proverb themes, both cognitive and evaluative, is discussed.
pollution and pastoral antipraxis: the issue of Maasai inequality
Authors: GALATY JOHN G.
Published: November 2004

The issue of the inequality of specialized classes in pastoral Maasai society is discussed in relation to Mary Douglas's theoretical contribution to the analysis of pollution. The Douglas view, which would emphasize the social marginality and classificatory ambiguity of Maasai hunters, blacksmiths, and diviners is criticized as leaving unexplained their multiple forms of pollution and the origin of their distinctiveness. In contrast, this paper claims that these classes lie at the symbolic genesis of pastoral identity, through involvement in forms of “antipraxis,” necessary to yet structurally contrasting to the ideal of pastoralism. Pollution and inequality are thus primary values, not secondary manifestations, that dialectically constitute, rather than reflect, the symbolic order of Maasai productive classes.
working out or working in: the choice between wage labor and cash cropping in rural Belize
Authors: CHIBNIK MICHAEL
Published: November 2004

Convinced that economic choices in real life seldom approximate optimality, an increasing number of anthropologists have been studying the cognitive processes of individuals making decisions. This paper discusses and illustrates the advantages of an alternative “statistical behavior” approach to the investigation of economic decision making. Statistical analysis of how men in two Belizean villages allocate their labor‐time between wage labor and cash cropping provides information that cannot be discovered via elicitation of “rules” governing choice. [economics, decision making, Belize]
the evolutionary significance of adolescent initiation ceremonies
Authors: SCHLEGEL ALICE , BARRY HERBERT
Published: November 2004

Adolescent initiation ceremonies are examined with regard to features of subsistence economy and social organization. Various characteristics of the ceremonies are coded separately for boys and girls in a worldwide sample of preindustrial societies. A ceremony is more often present for girls than for boys, especially in societies at a low level of technological development, indicating an evolutionary trend for presence of ceremony and for sex of initiate. Sex differentiation is emphasized in various attributes of the ceremonies, [adolescence, gender, initiation ceremonies, sex roles, sexual solidarity]
celebrating cricket: the symbolic construction of Caribbean politics
Authors: MANNING FRANK E.
Published: November 2004

Cricket festivals are Bermuda's major public celebrations, aside from Christmas. This paper examines their social history, their carnivalesque character, and a prominent ancillary activity, gambling. It is proposed that these festivals symbolically depict both a reflexive, assertive sense of black culture and a stark awareness of black economic dependency on whites—a dramatic tension that is also the semantic context of Bermudian politics. Festival is thus a metaphorical map of the political system, a contention that appears generalizable to the Caribbean. [festival, politics, cricket, Caribbean, symbolic/cognitive analysis]
being‐in‐the‐market versus being‐in‐the‐plaza: material culture and the construction of social reality in Spanish America
Authors: RICHARDSON MILES
Published: November 2004

This article describes how the people of Cartago, Costa Rica—compelled, like each of us, to create—incorporate the material culture of their town's market and plaza into social situations. In so doing, they move from the physical reality of simply being there to the distinctive social realities of being‐in‐the‐market and being‐in‐the‐plaza. The juxtaposition of these two complementary realities, the article concludes, constitutes the dialectic through which Spanish American culture becomes. [interpretation, symbolic interactionism, experience, material culture, humanistic anthropology]
spirits and selves in Northern Sudan: the cultural therapeutics of possession and trance
Authors: BODDY JANICE
Published: November 2004

Examination of cultural and social factors surrounding zar spirit possession diagnoses in Northern Sudan suggests that a major issue addressed by the cult is the cultural overdetermination of women's selfhood. Circumcision and infibulation operate to establish in women a sense of self congruent with the cultural image of woman as reproducer. When experiences and expectations fail to mesh, some women fall ill and are ultimately diagnosed as possessed. Through acceptance of the possession diagnosis and participation in curing rites involving trance, a patient is given scope to expand and regenerate her sense of self and recontextualize her experiences, [ethnomedicine, women, Sudan, spirit possession, the self, gender identity]
women's secrets: bases for reproductive and social autonomy in a Mexican community
Authors: BROWNER C. H. , PERDUE SONDRA T.
Published: November 2004

Research in a highland Chinantec (Mexico) community hypothesized that women there monopolized knowledge about medicinal plants for the management of reproduction, which allowed them to regulate their own fertility without male intervention. It was further hypothesized that women who most effectively exercised reproductive autonomy would function more autonomously in other areas of their social lives as well. Instead it was found that women and men shared a great deal of knowledge about plants for reproduction, that some of the most effective fertility‐limiting remedies were known only by men, and that reproductive autonomy and social autonomy did not necessarily co‐occur, [medical anthropology, reproduction, gender roles, Mesoamerica]
Transnationalism, Nationalism, Citizenship, and Property: Eastern Europe since 1989
Authors: Verdery Katherine
Published: November 2004

The formerly socialist societies of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union offer an unusual point of departure for considering the mutual interaction of transnationalizing and localizing processes. In this essay I explore these processes with respect to two topics—citizenship and property—important in classic liberal paradigms, which writing on transnationalism often challenges. New citizenship provisions and privatization programs in the former socialist bloc have both transnational causes and nationalizing consequences, for reasons different from those encountered in literature on transnationalism elsewhere, [transnationalism, national identity, citizenship, property, socialism and postsocialism, Eastern Europe]
Clifford Geertz and Peter Berger on Religion: Their Differing and Changing Views
Authors: Segal Robert A.
Published: November 2004

Clifford Geertz, Mary Douglas, Victor Turner, Robert Bellah, Peter Berger, and Erik Erikson offer a distinctively contemporary social scientific approach to religion. Yet the differences among them are as important as the similarities. While all six maintain that religion serves to make sense of life, they differ sharply over the form sense takes and over how sense is forged. The cases of Geertz and Berger illustrate these differences. Moreover, the views of the six have themselves changed, as again the cases of Geertz and Berger illustrate. Earlier Geertz is concerned most with the effect of religion on society; later Geertz, with its effect on the individual.

Earlier Geertz “explains” religion; later Geertz “interprets” it. Earlier Berger disapproves of both the effect of religion and the justification offered for religion; later Berger approves of both. Earlier Berger argues that the social sciences cannot assess the truth of religion; later Berger, that they can.
The Politics of Reading
Authors: Ernstein Julie H.
Published: November 2004

David Cottom. Text and Culture: The Politics of Interpretation. Theory and History of Literature. Vol. 62. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1989. xi. 177 pp. $35.00 (cloth); $14.95 (paper).
Malinowski's Diary and a Humanistic Anthropology
Authors: Stocking George W.
Published: November 2004

Bronislaw Malinowski. A Diary in the Strict Sense of the Term. Reissued with. new introduction by Raymond Firth Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1989. xxxiv. 315pp. $42.50 (cloth); $14.95 (paper).
Brendan Revisited
Authors: Messenger John C.
Published: November 2004

Although personal encounters with the supernatural are a reasonably common feature of fieldwork, such encounters seldom figure in the preparation for research, or the understanding of culture proposed in our written texts. The supernatural may, however, be indicative of certain processes to which fieldworkers might profitably be alert. Following is an account which suggests that the supernatural is both evidence and practice of covert culture, in instances where powerful syncretisms are underway.
Ethnography on Stage
Authors: Schmidt Nancy J.
Published: November 2004

David Lan. Desire and Other Plays. London: Methuen, 1990. 176 pp. $9.95 (paper). Flight. London: Methuen, 1987. 40 pp. $7.95 (paper). Painting. Wall. London: Pluto Press, 1979. 25 pp. $3.95 (paper) Sargeant Ola and His Followers. London: Methuen, 1980. 45 pp. $4.95 (paper)
Quandaries on the Field of Honor
Authors: Moore Alexander
Published: November 2004

Larry Gross. John Stuart Katz. and Jay Ruby. eds. Image Ethics: The Moral Rights of Subjects in Photographs, Film, and Television. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. xvii. 382 pp. $29.95.
Gullah Narrative
Authors: Smith Franklin O.
Published: November 2004

Resting upon the economic undercrust of American society, a to‐be‐forgotten appendage in the American scholarly and literary ethos, the Gullah of the Sea Islands through their unique cultural homogeneity and geographic isolation are indeed a people entrapped between a yesterday of knowing and the unknown tomorrow. In their stories, they teach the yesterdays to the young as living maps into tomorrow. Here is a glimpse of these oral maps as drawn by the elders.
Aspects of Structure in an Epipaleolithic Occupation Site in West Central Jordan
Authors: Coinman N. R. , Clark G. A. , Donaldson M. L.
Published: November 2004

A 95% sample of lithic debris from Wadi Hasa Survey Site 1065, a radiometrically‐dated series of Kebaran and Natufian base camps with midden deposits and structures in the Wadi Hasa (west‐central Jordan), is analyzed to evaluate the remaining integrity of a geologically old archaeological surface. Structural and compositional characteristics of the surface array (63,800 pieces) are compared with excavated samples (89,539 pieces). Methods used to detect aspects of structure in the surface component include density distribution maps of debitage and retouched pieces and cluster analyses of spatial units using tool groups.
Summary of Discussions
Authors: Henry Donald O. , Odell George H.
Published: November 2004

New techniques for obtaining information from lithic artifacts have burgeoned over the last few decades, but most are still in various stages of development, and are not yet routinely used by archaeologists. This paper argues that such new techniques will develop most rapidly and successfully if there is constant interplay between methodology and application; that is, between studies designed to increase our understanding of the physical, chemical, or biological processes underlying the technique to significant archaeological problems.

As an example, trace element data from the Midwest and Northeast are used both to elucidate specific aspects of prehistoric cultures in those areas, and to study the geochemistry of trace elements in chert.
Chiefly Behavior: Evidence from Sixteenth Century Spanish Accounts
Authors: Smith Marvin T. , Hally David J.
Published: November 2004

Following the argument that sixteenth‐century Spanish explorers were treated by Native Americans of the Southeast as paramount chiefs, we attempt to describe appropriate protocol toward paramount chiefs according to native values. We argue that paramount chiefs in the Southeast may have travelled through their domain on a periodic basis. After an elaborate greeting ritual, there were other formal expressions of hospitality. Visiting paramounts could expect to be supplied with food, housing, tribute, burden bearers, and transportation via canoe. De Soto was supplied with guides as he passed through native polities, but this behavior may not have been necessary for native paramounts. De Soto was also supplied with women, but it is not clear if this was standard behavior of a chief toward a paramount, or if the Spaniards had demanded women.
A Mohegan Anthropologist at Work
Authors: Kehoe Alice
Published: November 2004

Medicine Trail: The Life and Lessons of Gladys Tantaquidgeon. Jane Fawcett. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2000
Book Reviews
Authors: Fisher William , Lane Carrie M. , Hopper Kate
Published: November 2004

The Indians and Brazil. Mercio P. Gomes. John W. Moon. trans. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000.

Temps: The Many Faces of the Changing Workplace. Jackie Krasas Rogers. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2000.

Artisans and Cooperatives: Developing Alternative Trade for the Global Economy. Kimberly L. Grimes and B. Lynne Milgram. eds. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2000.
Work on the Edge: Enterprise and Employment between City and Countryside
Authors: Eversole Robyn
Published: November 2004

An interest in the microenterprise finance movement's proposals to increase income and employment in poor local economies led to this study of a Latin American barrio marginal in miniature. The article explores the main income‐generating activities of Upper Barrio Japón residents and their adult children, and their use of the plentiful microenterprise finance services on offer in the city of Sucre, Bolivia.

The article concludes that microenterprise, often at very small scale, is an important economic strategy for many local residents, but that casual labour and long‐distance migration is often more important for young people. Local microenterprises cross urban, suburban and rural markets, but tend to focus on small scale activity: rustic production and retail commerce. Children study, but are entering a very circumscribed range of occupations, with little representation in the professions or skilled trades.

Finally, local people use microenterprise finance services, but only sparingly; the ingredients for economic transformation would appear to be elsewhere.
The Concept of Race in the Latter Part of the 20th Century
Authors: Scott Eugenie C.
Published: November 2004

The subspecies concept, as used by modern biologists, has little similarity to the outmoded typological, static, and nonevolutionary 19th century concept of race. During the 1960's and early 1970's, some anthropologists criticized the concept of race, sometimes confusing the 19th century view with the 20th. As a result, the biological concept of race has been rejected by many anthropologists as having no validity for the study of human variation. Properly defined, however, the concept is valid and useful for certain purposes, especially as a communication device to refer to suprademic groupings. It is hoped that a perspective might now be obtainable which recognizes the scientific incorrectness of using “racial” differences as explanations of social differences, but which can still utilize a useful (if limited) concept for biological problems. This paper reviews the biological concept of race and criticisms raised against it in an attempt to show the potential uses to which the concept can still be put.
Culture Change in an Amish Community
Authors: Pollack Randy Beth
Published: November 2004

Since 1934, the Amish‐Mennoite community of Plain City, Ohio has shifted its religious affiliation from the Old Order Amish Church to several more liberal Mennoite denominations. Research conducted in this community in 1977 indicates that this change in religious affiliation has resulted in major changes in other aspects of culture, including language, family patterns, occupations, and education. The results of this study suggest that the Mennonite churches may serve to facilitate the movement of Amish individuals into mainstream American culture.
Another Way of Dealing With Disputes: A Mossi Case
Authors: Butler Herbert W.
Published: November 2004

All societies have formal means of settling disputes. An individual may, however, astutely manipulate conflicting institutional rules, especially in the context of rapid culture change and successfully circumvent all jural procedures. In this article a traditional Mossi woman formally changes her social status to that of “Christian” and in so doing enlists the norms of the church to assist her in disposing of an unwanted common‐law husband of 5 years in a socially acceptable manner. The rules of the church defined her sexual union as illicit and required that it be terminated if she were to receive baptism. This was precisely the end she had in view, though Mossi custom would have made such a move more difficult and embarrassing.
Sexual Dimorphism in The Cranium of Cercopithecus Ascanius
Authors: Alexander Ralph W.
Published: November 2004

To determine specific characteristics useful in sex determination in Cercopithecus ascanius crania, 17 cranial measurements and 10 cranial indices were derived from twenty‐seven adult male and seventeen adult female crania and were subjected to discriminant function and canonical analysis. Significant differences between male and female skulls included overall size, especially in the palatal and orbital areas of the cranium. Important differences also existed in the shape of the palate, orbits, and cranial vault in relation to the facial region. Comparison and application of the results of this study to data on other Old‐World monkey species indicated that information useful in assessing possible panprimate patterns of sexual dimorphism may be inferred, as differences between male and female crania in the orbital, facial, and palatal areas were common to other species investigated.
Ritual and Rhetoric in Presidential Politics
Authors: McLeod J. R.
Published: November 2004

Belief, it may seem, is the bedrock of cultural anthropology. In fact, though, we can move from belief to discourse without the loss of anything essential…. There must be a place for representations (held to be true) of information; of knowledge of past, present, and future states of the world; of contingent relationships among phenomena; and of our own and others' mental states and processes–in short, of any conceivable factual matter. These are what people call beliefs.
Anthropocentrism vs. Ethnology in the Discourse of Anthropology
Authors: Trickovic Dejan
Published: November 2004

One of the central concerns that is common to a broad spectrum of post‐Nietzschean philosophies is the critical deconstruction of the metaphysical foundations of the discourse in the West. The opus of Michel Foucault, more specifically his critique of the epistemological centrality of the modern concept of Man and the discourse/culture of anthropocentrism which is predicated on it, represents a continuation of that tradition. This text explores the implications of Foucault's critique for the science of anthropology, addressing specifically the latter's relation to the anthropocentric episteme. In the concluding section it brings on an interesting opposition between anthropology as the project of human self‐knowledge and ethnology as cultural transcendence and encounter with the culturally other.
Articulating Class In "Post‐Fordist" France
Authors: Lem Winnie
Published: November 2004

In recent yean, there has been a growing interest in analyzing the political and economic changes that have occurred under late capitalism Anthropologists and sociologists alike have suggested that one of the key changes that has taken place in the international organization of capitalism has been the shift from a mass "Fordut" system of industrial organization to globalized or "Post‐Fordist" regimes of flexible accumulation. It has been argued that shift has not only reshaped the material realities of peoples' everyday lives but they have also altered the ways in which people constitute themselves as collective subjects. Universalist forms of identification such as class, so it is argued have given way to a series of new forms of affiliation involving national ties, regionalism, ties of ethnic affinity and detemtorialized forms of solidarity While the appearance of new forms of affiliation have undoubtedly surfaced along with the large scale transformations of late capitalism, the extent to which they have overridden old forms of identity is the subject of much debate. In this paper. I will argue it may be premature to jettison the notion of class in any attempt to understand the dynamics of contemporary social world. Rather what is needed are attempts to problematize class identity and, indeed class relations in their complex relationship to emergent particularistic forms of affiliation. Drawing on research amongst the family farmers in rural Languedoc, who often engaged in militant forms of regional activism. Otis paper then argues, that class, especially in its complex relations to region, remains core in structuring collective identities in the context of late capitalism
Demonstrating Passion Constructing Sacred Movement In Northern Ireland
Authors: Murphy Liam D.
Published: November 2004

This paper suggests that the ubiquitous cultural act of parading in Northern Ireland, frequently employed by ethnonational organizations as a means of symbolically marking sectarian political and religious control of and authority over territory, is also employed by charismatic Protestants seeking to create a sacred economy in which all Christians citizens participate in movement towards the universal "End Times" of evangelical and charismatic salvation history. In Belfast, this is accomplished in charismatic events (such as parading and "home‐group" meetings) where locally important ideas about urban mobility as cultural and political performance are resituated and transformed within a global network of institutions and beliefs (Charismatic Renewal) that incorporate a alternate logic of ritual movement in which the city is itself the object of sanctification. This sanctification is not contemplated by charismatic Protestants, but is reflexively indexed and "proved" by their practices. The local or regional acts of parading and urban movement are thereby shown to be semantically porous and open to reinterpretation through contact with global cultural phenomena, such as Charismatic Renewal.
Cinderella Goes to Market: Citizenship, Gender and Women s Movements in East Central Europe
Authors: Kapusta‐Pofahl Karen
Published: November 2004

Barbara Einhorn. Cinderella Goes to Market: Citizenship, Gender and Women's Movements in East Central Europe. London and New York: Verso, 1993. 280pp. ISBN 0‐86091‐615‐4 (paper).
REVIEWS
Authors: Cowan Jonathan
Published: November 2004

The Editor welcomes carefully written reviews of worthwhile publications from the readers of M.A.N. Reviewers should follow the format of the following article, and should submit two clean copies, double‐spaced on white bond with ample margins.—CWK

Drugs and Foods from Little–Known Plants: Notes in Harward University Herbia by Siri von Reis Altschul
Book Reviews
Authors: Rodin Miriam B.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Weekend Warriors: Alcohol in a Micronesian Culture. Mac Marshall.

Exploring the Known and Unknown Factors in the Rates of Alcoholism Among Black and White Females. John C. Coney, ed.
IN DEPTH
Authors: Landy David
Published: November 2004

Kuru: Early Letters and Field‐Notes from the Collection of D. Carleton Gajdusek. Judith Farquhar and D. Carleton Gajduseh, eds.
Reviews
Authors: Kay Margarita Artschwager
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Kawaiisu Ethnobotany. Maurice Zigmond.

Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada. Percy Train, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer.

Geraniums for the Iroquois: A Field Guide to American Indian Medicinal Plants. Daniel E. Moerman.
An Evaluation of Traditional Therapy for Barrenness
Authors: Katz Sydney S. , Katz Selig H.
Published: November 2004

Traditional medicine has been recommended as an adjunct to cosmopolitan medicine, although for a variety of reasons its efficacy is difficult to evaluate. Kenyan traditional medical practitioners consider the treatment of barrenness to be a field in which they have special expertise, a belief shared by their clients. Data collected while observing 48 healers indicate that, regardless of technique and despite a high incidence of physical impediments to conception, they are successful in treating approximately one‐third of their patients. This is similar to rates reported in other countries without biomedical therapy but under conditions of stress reduction. Recent studies are beginning to confirm the effects of stress on human physiology and to suggest that culturally appropriate traditional therapeutic modalities may serve to reduce it.
Biomedical Anthropology and the Team Approach to Craniofacial Surgery
Authors: Ward Richard E. , Sadove A. Michael
Published: November 2004

In this article we describe the contributions of a physical anthropologist to a multidisciplinary team charged with evaluating, diagnosing, and treating children who have severe craniofacial defects. As an example of biomedical anthropology, it illustrates the value of the anthropologist's population‐based perspectives in a setting dominated by a focus on the individual patient. The problem of maintaining a professional identity as an anthropologist in a nontraditional setting is discussed. Estrangement occurs not only because biomedical anthropologists must adapt to the practical realities of the medical system, but also because traditional academic anthropology continues to undervalue the work of practicing anthropologists.
Growth of Young Nomadic and Settled Turkana Children
Authors: Little Michael A. , Gray Sandra J.
Published: November 2004

Growth patterns of Turkana nomadic children (N = 333) and settled schoolchildren (N = 280) aged 4 to 9 years were compared. The objective was to assess effects of a sedentary life‐style on the growth patterns of Turkana children. Settled children with institutional food support tended to be larger at all ages than nomadic children in most measures of size and body composition. At age 9 years, settled children were 7.5 cm taller than the nomads. Weight, calf circumference, and skinfolds were also larger in settled children, but the proportional differences were less; arm circumferences were roughly equivalent. Only a small fraction of settled Turkana children (including those measured in the present study) attend schools where food is provided. Further studies of nonsupple‐mented settled Turkana children are needed to clarify relationships among subsistence, nutritional status, and child growth processes.
Adaptation and the Biocultural Paradigm in Medical Anthropology: A Critical Review
Authors: Wiley Andrea S.
Published: November 2004

Singer (1989a) recently critiqued biocultural studies in medical anthropology and concluded that adaptation was a virtually useless concept since it could not incorporate the role of social relations in explaining health‐related behavior. However, as I point out here, Singer's objections to biocultural research and the concept of adaptation in particular are founded on a misinterpretation of biocultural studies and need not lead to their dismissal. Instead, evolutionary explanations can provide a prehistorical as well as a historical perspective, and adaptation can reflect the dynamic relationship between the environment, individuals, and communities, when the environment is more broadly defined and more precisely specified. I argue that adaptation is an active process that engages individuals and groups in the struggle for their health; as such it is a process of compromise, not perfection. What is adaptive behavior for one group can easily result in changes in the adaptability of other groups or individuals. Biocultural studies should not be seen as deterministic or static; instead, they make an important contribution to the pluralism of theoretical approaches in medical anthropology.
The Politics of Home Care for the Elderly Poor: New York City's Medicaid‐Funded Home Attendant Program
Authors: De‐Ortiz Carol M.
Published: November 2004

This article examines a Medicaid‐funded home health care program for the elderly in New York City. The analysis deals with survey data from an East Harlem housing project for low‐income elderly people and interviews with people involved in the home care program. A historically oriented political economy framework demonstrates the interconnection between macrolevel political and economic processes and on‐the‐ground interaction in the client‐caregiver relationship. The study shows that the resources available to the elderly and their health condition can only be understood in terms of the impact of class position throughout their lives. In addition, factors such as fiscal constraint, labor demands, political mobilization, and public assistance policy, more than the health needs of the elderly poor, have determined the historical development and structure of the home attendant program.